bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy Harvesting from Vibration of Structures-A Brief Review
Authors: Odetoyan A. O , Ede A. N. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The shortage and high cost of energy in developing countries of the world has led to the search for other sources of electricity which are renewable and do not constitute to environmental hazards or pollution like fossil fuel. Also, the short life span of batteries which are used to power up important smart devices like the fire alarm makes searching for alternative sources all the more important. This has led to the recent interest in sustainable and renewable energy sources from water, sun, vibration, biological wastes etc. Harnessing energy from vibration amongst other renewable energy sources reduces fatigues in machineries, structures and control systems and effectively dissipates negative vibration energy from buildings, bridges, roads and various mechanical systems. This research paper provides a brief review on the current state of knowledge on the subject of harvesting energy from vibration. The review shows that harnessing renewable energy form vibration is feasible and has a great future.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Cumulative Incidence, United States, August 2020–December 2020
Authors: Sullivan Patrick Sean , Siegler Aaron J , Shioda Kayoko , Hall Eric W , Bradley Heather , Sanchez Travis , Luisi Nicole , Valentine-Graves Mariah , Nelson Kristin N , Fahimi Mansour , Kamali Amanda , Sailey Charles , Lopman Benjamin A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Reported coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases underestimate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. We conducted a national probability survey of US households to estimate cumulative incidence adjusted for antibody waning.

Methods
From August–December 2020 a random sample of US addresses were mailed a survey and self-collected nasal swabs and dried blood spot cards. One adult household member completed the survey and mail specimens for viral detection and total (immunoglobulin [Ig] A, IgM, IgG) nucleocapsid antibody by a commercial, emergency use authorization–approved antigen capture assay. We estimated cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 adjusted for waning antibodies and calculated reported fraction (RF) and infection fatality ratio (IFR). Differences in seropositivity among demographic, geographic, and clinical subgroups were explored.

Results
Among 39 500 sampled households, 4654 respondents provided responses. Cumulative incidence adjusted for waning was 11.9% (95% credible interval [CrI], 10.5%–13.5%) as of 30 October 2020. We estimated 30 332 842 (CrI, 26 703 753–34 335 338) total infections in the US adult population by 30 October 2020. RF was 22.3% and IFR was 0.85% among adults. Black non-Hispanics (Prevalence ratio (PR) 2.2) and Hispanics (PR, 3.1) were more likely than White non-Hispanics to be seropositive.

Conclusions
One in 8 US adults had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 by October 2020; however, few had been accounted for in public health reporting. The COVID-19 pandemic is likely substantially underestimated by reported cases. Disparities in COVID-19 by race observed among reported cases cannot be attributed to differential diagnosis or reporting of infections in population subgroups.
Poroelastic model in a vertically sealed gas storage: a case study from cyclic injection/production in a carbonate aquifer
Authors: Silverii F , Maccaferri F , Richter G , Gonzalez Cansado B , Wang R , Hainzl S , Dahm T 
Published: July 2021

SUMMARY
Natural gas can be temporarily stored in a variety of underground facilities, such as depleted gas and oil fields, natural aquifers and caverns in salt rocks. Being extensively monitored during operations, these systems provide a favourable opportunity to investigate how pressure varies in time and space and possibly induces/triggers earthquakes on nearby faults. Elaborate and detailed numerical modelling techniques are often applied to study gas reservoirs. Here we show the possibilities and discuss the limitations of a flexible and easily formulated tool that can be straightforwardly applied to simulate temporal pore-pressure variations and study the relation with recorded microseismic events. We use the software POEL (POroELastic diffusion and deformation) which computes the poroelastic response to fluid injection/extraction in a horizontally layered poroelastic structure. We further develop its application to address the presence of vertical impermeable faults bounding the reservoir and of multiple injection/extraction sources. Exploiting available information on the reservoir geometry and physical parameters, and records of injection/extraction rates for a gas reservoir in southern Europe, we perform an extensive parametric study considering different model configurations. Comparing modelled spatiotemporal pore-pressure variations with in situ measurements, we show that the inclusion of vertical impermeable faults provides an improvement in reproducing the observations and results in pore-pressure accumulation near the faults and in a variation of the temporal pore-pressure diffusion pattern. To study the relation between gas storage activity and recorded local microseismicity, we applied different seismicity models based on the estimated pore-pressure distribution. This analysis helps to understand the spatial distribution of seismicity and its temporal modulation. The results show that the observed microseismicity could be partly linked to the storage activity, but the contribution of tectonic background seismicity cannot be excluded.
Family characteristics of female-headed households in Pakistan in the context of health promotion
Authors: Siddiqui Saad , Bergquist Eleanor Peters 
Published: July 2021

Summary
Objective of this project is to describe characteristics of Pakistani women household heads and investigate effect differences with men in the context of health behavior. We used 2012 − 13 Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey data to conduct secondary data analysis of 10 868 households. In this article, methods that we described household head and household characteristics, and polio vaccination compliance as a proxy for health behavior. Univariate analysis was conducted to assess the relationship of household head gender with household characteristics and health behavior, first for the whole sample and then for currently married household heads. Significant relationships were entered in two multivariate logistic models. Results show that all demographic covariates were statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05) except employment status. Adjusted associations were significant for age, marital status, wealth and ethnicity (p &lt; 0.05). Polio compliance score was significantly higher for households headed by currently married men compared with currently married women, when adjusted for covariates and concluded certain household and head characteristic associations with gender suggest a greater likelihood of female-headed households, while male-headed households were associated with better polio vaccine compliance. Further research is needed with more complex health behavior composites to assess any relationship between gender and health behavior.
The role of spatial distribution for growth and survival of juvenile cod Gadus morhua in the Barents Sea
Authors: Durant Joël M , Yaragina Natalia , Stige Leif Christian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
While the importance of early life survival and growth variations for population dynamics is well documented, there is still a relatively limited understanding of how survival and growth is affected by the species’ spatial distribution. Using Barents Sea spatial bottom survey data (1994–2018), we study the spatiotemporal variability of the juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) growth and survival. We used indices of the spatial distribution of juvenile cod at age-1 to study the role of distribution for the change in abundance and mean body size through their second winter of life (from age-1 to age-2). Over the 24 years analysed, we found that the location where the age-1 cod are in the Barents Sea matters for their growth and survival. We found that year-classes growing up in the western Barents Sea have higher mortality but faster growth than year-classes distributed farther east. Our results indicate that the biotic and abiotic conditions encountered at the settlement location may influence the spatial survival and growth of age-1 cod and subsequently the population dynamics. Our results underscore the importance of distribution for survival and growth early in life and by providing this essential information has implications for stock assessment and spatial fisheries management.
Associations of heat and cold with hospitalizations and post-discharge deaths due to acute myocardial infarction: what is the role of pre-existing diabetes?
Authors: Xu Zhiwei , Tong Shilu , Ho Hung Chak , Lin Hualiang , Pan Haifeng , Cheng Jian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
The existing evidence suggests that pre-existing diabetes may modify the association between heat and hospitalizations for acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Methods
This study included patients who were hospitalized for AMI from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2013 in Brisbane, Australia, and also included those who died within 2 months after discharge. A time-stratified case-crossover design with conditional logistic regression was used to quantify the associations of heat and cold with hospitalizations and post-discharge deaths due to AMI in patients with and without pre-existing diabetes. Stratified analyses were conducted to explore whether age, sex and suburb-level green space and suburb-level socio-economic status modified the temperature–AMI relationship. Heat and cold were defined as the temperature above/below which the odds of hospitalizations/deaths due to AMI started to increase significantly.

Results
There were 14 991 hospitalizations for AMI and 1811 died from AMI within 2 months after discharge during the study period. Significant association between heat and hospitalizations for AMI was observed only in those with pre-existing diabetes (odds ratio: 1.19, 95% confidence interval: 1.00–1.41) [heat (26.3°C) vs minimum morbidity temperature (22.2°C)]. Cold was associated with increased odds of hospitalizations for AMI in both diabetes and non-diabetes groups. Significant association between cold and post-discharge deaths from AMI was observed in both diabetes and non-diabetes groups.

Conclusions
Individuals with diabetes are more susceptible to hospitalizations due to AMI caused by heat and cold.
Projective Covers of Flat Contramodules
Authors: Bazzoni Silvana , Positselski Leonid , Šťovíček Jan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We show that a direct limit of projective contramodules (over a right linear topological ring) is projective if it has a projective cover. A similar result is obtained for $\infty $-strictly flat contramodules of projective dimension not exceeding $1$, using an argument based on the notion of the topological Jacobson radical. Covers and precovers of direct limits of more general classes of objects, both in abelian categories with exact and with nonexact direct limits, are also discussed, with an eye towards the Enochs conjecture about covers and direct limits, using locally split (mono)morphisms as the main technique. In particular, we offer a simple elementary proof of the Enochs conjecture for the left class of an $n$-tilting cotorsion pair in an abelian category with exact direct limits.
Digital disparities: lessons learned from a patient reported outcomes program during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sisodia Rachel C , Rodriguez Jorge A , Sequist Thomas D 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The collection of patient reported outcomes (PROs) allows us to incorporate the patient’s voice into their care in a quantifiable, validated manner. Large-scale collection of PROs is facilitated by the electronic health record and its portal, though, historically, patients have eschewed the portal and completed patient-reported outcome measures in the clinic via tablet. Furthermore, access and use of the portal is associated with known racial inequities. Our institution oversees the largest clinical PRO program in the world, and has a long history of racially equitable PRO completion rates via tablet. However, when the COVID-19 pandemic forced us to remove tablets from clinics and rely exclusively on portal use for PRO completion, profound racial disparities resulted immediately. Our experience quantifiably demonstrates the magnitude of inequity that the portal, in its current configuration, generates and serves as a cautionary tale to other health care systems and electronic health records.
Protecting research data of publicly revealing participants
Authors: McKibbin Kyle J , Malin Bradley A , Clayton Ellen Wright 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Biomedical researchers collect large amounts of personal data about individuals, which are frequently shared with repositories and an array of users. Typically, research data holders implement measures to protect participants’ identities and unique attributes from unauthorized disclosure. These measures, however, can be less effective if people disclose their participation in a research study, which they may do for many reasons. Even so, the people who provide these data for research often understandably expect that their privacy will be protected. We discuss the particular challenges posed by self-disclosure and identify various steps that researchers should take to protect data in these cases to protect both the individuals and the research enterprise.
Calibrated Multilevel Regression with Poststratification for the Analysis of Sms Survey Data
Authors: Gellar Jonathan , Delannoy Constance , Lipman Erin , Jeoffreys-Leach Shirley , Berkowitz Bobby , Robertson Grant J , Hughes Sarah M 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFace-to-face (FTF) surveys have been the traditional method to gather nationally representative data and remain the dominant data collection mode in resource-poor countries. Conducting these surveys is expensive and time consuming. With the rapid expansion of mobile phone use, Short Message Service presents an opportunity to conduct inexpensive, fast, and scalable surveys. However, these samples are typically not representative of the target population. Standard adjustments to correct for nonrepresentative sampling are insufficient, due to two types of bias: residual sampling bias based on unobserved variables and survey mode effects. We introduce calibrated multilevel regression with poststratification (cMRP), a procedure that corrects for residual bias by incorporating a relatively small sample of FTF data that is known to be unbiased. We apply this method to the problem of estimating financial inclusion (access to formal banking systems) in Uganda. We find that our cMRP approach is effective in replicating estimates from a larger and much more expensive FTF survey. This article includes a description of our methods as well as results from the financial inclusion study and a discussion of limitations and future areas for research.
Discovery of superslow rotating asteroids with ATLAS and ZTF photometry
Authors: Erasmus N , Kramer D , McNeill A , Trilling D E , Janse van Rensburg P , van Belle G T , Tonry J L , Denneau L , Heinze A , Weiland H J 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
We present here the discovery of a new class of superslow rotating asteroids (Prot ≳1000 h) in data extracted from the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) and Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) all-sky surveys. Of the 39 rotation periods we report here, 32 have periods longer than any previously reported unambiguous rotation periods currently in the Asteroid Light Curve Data base. In our sample, seven objects have a rotation period &gt;4000 h and the longest period we report here is 4812 h (∼200 d). We do not observe any correlation between taxonomy, albedo, or orbital properties with superslow rotating status. The most plausible mechanism for the creation of these very slow rotators is if their rotations were slowed by YORP spin-down. Superslow rotating asteroids may be common, with at least 0.4 per cent of the main-belt asteroid population with a size range between 2 and 20 km in diameter rotating with periods longer than 1000 h.
The GOGREEN survey: dependence of galaxy properties on halo mass at z &gt; 1 and implications for environmental quenching
Authors: Reeves Andrew M M , Balogh Michael L , van der Burg Remco F J , Finoguenov Alexis , Kukstas Egidijus , McCarthy Ian G , Webb Kristi , Muzzin Adam , McGee Sean , Rudnick Gregory , Biviano Andrea , Cerulo Pierluigi , Chan Jeffrey C C , Cooper M C , Demarco Ricardo , Jablonka Pascale , De Lucia Gabriella , Vulcani Benedetta , Wilson Gillian , Yee Howard K C , Zaritsky Dennis 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
We use photometric redshifts and statistical background subtraction to measure stellar mass functions in galaxy group-mass (4.5−8 × 1013 M⊙) haloes at 1 &lt; z &lt; 1.5. Groups are selected from COSMOS and SXDF, based on X-ray imaging and sparse spectroscopy. Stellar mass (Mstellar) functions are computed for quiescent and star-forming galaxies separately, based on their rest-frame UVJ colours. From these we compute the quiescent fraction and quiescent fraction excess (QFE) relative to the field as a function of Mstellar. QFE increases with Mstellar, similar to more massive clusters at 1 &lt; z &lt; 1.5. This contrasts with the apparent separability of Mstellar and environmental factors on galaxy quiescent fractions at z ∼ 0. We then compare our results with higher mass clusters at 1 &lt; z &lt; 1.5 and lower redshifts. We find a strong QFE dependence on halo mass at fixed Mstellar; well fit by a logarithmic slope of d(QFE)/dlog (Mhalo) ∼ 0.24 ± 0.04 for all Mstellar and redshift bins. This dependence is in remarkably good qualitative agreement with the hydrodynamic simulation bahamas, but contradicts the observed dependence of QFE on Mstellar. We interpret the results using two toy models: one where a time delay until rapid (instantaneous) quenching begins upon accretion to the main progenitor (‘no pre-processing’) and one where it starts upon first becoming a satellite (‘pre-processing’). Delay times appear to be halo mass-dependent, with a significantly stronger dependence required without pre-processing. We conclude that our results support models in which environmental quenching begins in low-mass (&lt;1014M⊙) haloes at z &gt; 1.
Joint constraints on thermal relic dark matter from strong gravitational lensing, the Ly α forest, and Milky Way satellites
Authors: Enzi Wolfgang , Murgia Riccardo , Newton Oliver , Vegetti Simona , Frenk Carlos , Viel Matteo , Cautun Marius , Fassnacht Christopher D , Auger Matt , Despali Giulia , McKean John , Koopmans Léon V E , Lovell Mark 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
We derive joint constraints on the warm dark matter (WDM) half-mode scale by combining the analyses of a selection of astrophysical probes: strong gravitational lensing with extended sources, the Ly α forest, and the number of luminous satellites in the Milky Way. We derive an upper limit of λhm = 0.089 Mpc h−1 at the 95 per cent confidence level, which we show to be stable for a broad range of prior choices. Assuming a Planck cosmology and that WDM particles are thermal relics, this corresponds to an upper limit on the half-mode mass of Mhm &lt; 3 × 107 M⊙ h−1, and a lower limit on the particle mass of mth &gt; 6.048 keV, both at the 95 per cent confidence level. We find that models with λhm &gt; 0.223 Mpc h−1 (corresponding to mth &gt; 2.552 keV and Mhm &lt; 4.8 × 108 M⊙ h−1) are ruled out with respect to the maximum likelihood model by a factor ≤1/20. For lepton asymmetries L6 &gt; 10, we rule out the 7.1 keV sterile neutrino dark matter model, which presents a possible explanation to the unidentified 3.55 keV line in the Milky Way and clusters of galaxies. The inferred 95 percentiles suggest that we further rule out the ETHOS-4 model of self-interacting DM. Our results highlight the importance of extending the current constraints to lower half-mode scales. We address important sources of systematic errors and provide prospects for how the constraints of these probes can be improved upon in the future.
Evaluation of fractional clear sky over potential astronomical sites
Authors: Ningombam Shantikumar S , Song H-J , Mugil S K , Dumka Umesh Chandra , Larson E J L , Kumar Brijesh , Sagar Ram 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
The estimation of the night-time cloud fraction (CF) is found to be one of the key parameters for evaluating the number of useful nights at an astronomical site. This work evaluates useful astronomical night-time observation over eight sites using a minimum threshold of CF from 21 years (2000–2020) of ground-based hourly visual and daily satellite data along with 41 years (1980–2020) of long-term hourly reanalysis data. The estimated number of photometric nights is underestimated by 8–24 per cent using the reanalysis data at Indian Astronomical Observatory-Hanle in comparison with the visual observations, while the estimated number of spectroscopic nights is 70–75 per cent per year and in good agreement with the visual observations. Among the astronomical sites, Paranal is found to be the best for astronomical observations, with 87 per cent spectroscopic nights per year. On the other hand, Hanle, Ali and Devasthal, located in the Himalayan region, exhibit an average of 68–78 per cent spectroscopic nights per year based on long-term reanalysis data, while Merak exhibits 61–68 per cent spectroscopic nights per year. Vertical profiles and global horizontal distributions for CF and related variable parameters are further compared among the sites. Global CF trends based on 41 years of reanalysis data show a decreasing tendency over most land regions and an increasing tendency over oceanic regions as well as over the Sahara desert, Middle East, and Indian subcontinent along the adjacent Tibetan Plateau. Such different CF trends between the ocean and land regions are thought to be the result of differential surface warming and water vapour changes associated with climate change.
Electron-Impact Excitation of Ge iii and Photoionisation of Ge ii
Authors: Dunleavy N L , Ballance C P , Ramsbottom C A , Jeffery C S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Energy levels, Einstein A-values and oscillator strengths are calculated for doubly-ionised germanium (Ge iii). We have undertaken a study of the electron-impact excitation of Ge iii and have also completed a study of the photoionisation of Ge ii. Ge iii target structures were generated using the relativistic GRASP0 package. Several scattering models were investigated to assess the uncertainty quantification of our results. Initially, the lowest lying 64 jj fine-structure levels were included in the close-coupling expansion resulting from 14 non-relativistic configurations. A second larger model was subsequently generated using the GASP package and incorporated the lowest 589 jj fine-structure levels from 17 non-relativistic configurations. Both the DARC and Breit-Pauli parallel suite of R-matrix collision codes were utilised in the scattering calculations to generate the collision strengths for incident electron-energies between 0 and 5 Rydbergs and subsequently the Maxwellian averaged effective collision strengths for temperatures in the range 1000 to 200000 Kelvin. The photoionisation calculations comprised of two studies, a DARC and a Breit-Pauli calculation incorporating the 250 lowest lying levels. Photoionisation cross sections for Ge ii are presented in the range 0-5 Ryds. Due to the lack of data available in the literature, the present radiative data and electron-impact/photoionisation cross sections are compared between the models presented in this paper. To assess their significance for astrophysics, the data are incorporated into the stellar atmosphere package sterne. Test models for the heavy-metal subdwarf LSIV−14○116 are not affected by the new data, but models for cooler stars may be sensitive to them.