bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carboxymethylation of Karaya gum: application in gastroretentive drug delivery for sustained release of model drug
Authors: Verma Amit , Sachan Neetu , Verma Anurag 
Published: July 2021

Karaya gum (KG) is one of the least soluble of the gums. It does not dissolve in water to give a clear solution but instead absorbs water rapidly to form viscous colloidal sols. Carboxymethylation of Karaya gum is expected to improve its aqueous solubility and gelling behavior. Another objective of the research is to evaluate the potential of carboxymethylated Karaya gum (CMKG) as drug release modulator (in acidic dissolution medium) when combined with HPMC K15M based polymeric matrices bearing Propranolol HCl. In the present study, KG was carboxymethylated using Williamson Ether synthesis. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the formation of CMKG. The prepared CMKG was used in conjunction with HPMC K15M as a polymer matrix in the formulation capsule dosage form, using Propranolol HCl as model drug. The filled capsules were then coated with Gelucire 43/01 to convert them into hydrodynamically balanced (HBS) capsule dosage form. Dextrose & fructose were also added to the drug-polymer mix as osmogen to facilitate the drug release. The degree of substitution of CMKG was found to be 0.87. HBS capsule dosage forms remained buoyant on 0.1 HCl for up to 6 hr, the buoyancy was attributed to the Gelucire 43/01 coating around the capsule shell. From the experimentation it was observed that CMKG, when mixed with HPMC K15M at 1:3 ratios, extended the release of model drug from HBS capsule dosage forms in 0.1 HCl. At CMKG: HPMC K15M ratio 2:1, release of Propranolol Hydrochloride from hydrodynamically balanced (HBS) capsules revealed fast drug release in 0.1 HCl. From the observations it is evident that KG is amenable to carboxymethylation to form CMKG. It is also evident that it is advantageous to combine CMKG with HPMC K15M as release modulator to retard the release of Propranolol HCl in acidic dissolution medium.
In vitro Antioxidant Potentiality of Purified Anthocyanin from Floral Petals of Wild Balsam Species
Authors: Arathy Rajendranpillai , Murugan Kumaraswamy , Dinesh Babu Kalekkal Vasupillai , Manoj Gopal Sarayu 
Published: July 2021

Phenolics are the largest group of phytochemicals ubiquitous in plant species with considerable interest economically. Recently, search of novel polyphenols increasingly becomes an area of intensive pharmacological research due to their multiple bioactive features such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-carcinogenic, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory potentialities. Anthocyanins are flavonoid group of polyphenols, a group predominant in flowers, fruits and vegetables. The flavonoids, perhaps the unique single group of phenolics in foods, comprise a group of over 4200 C15 aromatic molecules with multiple structural patterns. The functions of anthocyanins as medicinal have been well-accepted in folk medicine throughout the world. In fact, these molecules are connected to an amazingly broad-based range of health benefits. In this juncture, the aim of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant activities of purified anthocyanin from wild balsam species. Initially, anthocyanin was extracted from floral leaves of wild balsam species and purified by chromatographic techniques. Subsequently, it was subjected to NMR and LC MS analysis. The major fractions identified were hesperidin, dimethoxy antirrhinin and trimethoxy antirrhinin. Further, the anthocyanin extracts were subjected to in vitro protocols like 2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical cation, DPPH scavenging assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), beta carotene bleaching assay, metal chelating and H2O2 scavenging power. Interestingly, ABTS, FRAP analyzes yielded significant results as compared to others. The data were comparable with that of synthetic antioxidants like ascorbate and catechin. Meanwhile, beta carotene and H2O2 scavenging assay showed moderate results. DPPH and metal chelating protocols displayed the values 71% and 64% respectively at 25 µg/ml concentration. This study provides model systems for the evaluation of natural antioxidants like anthocyanin. Future in vivo clinical studies are warranted to confirm the obtained data.
Screening of in vitro antiviral activity of purified terpenoid extracts of selected sea weeds against chikungunya virus
Authors: Sumayya Sabira Siraj , Lubaina Abdulhadeef Shereefa , Murugan Kumaraswamy 
Published: July 2021

Currently, the search of novel phytochemicals with unique biological potentialities is a pre-requisite for the designing ideal drugs for the human kind. Sea weeds are bioresources with a broad spectrum of medicinal properties with minimal side effects. Kerala, the Southern state of India reported high incidence of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections in the last several tears. No specific virucidal therapy or effective vaccines are available. This emphasizes the need of searching for phytochemicals as drugs with less cost and more effective. Therefore, an attempt was made in screening purified terpenoid extracts of selected sea weeds as anti-CHIKV potential. In this study the terpenoids composition from the red algae Hypnea musciformis, Kappaphycus alvarezii and Gracillaria dura were identified and analyzed by thin layer chromatography and Gas chromatography- Mass spectrum. The methanolic extract of seaweeds was purified by column chromatography and each fraction was eluted by using petroleum ether and ethyl acetate as solvent combination. The analysis of the purified fraction of H. musciformis and K. alvarezii revealed the presence of 8 terpenoid fractions, and G. dura showed only 4 major components respectively. Vero cell lines were employed in the antiviral assays, infected to CHIKV, and treated with varied doses of purified terpenoid extracts. In the antiviral activity, terpenoid extracts of G. dura showed remarkable and promising EC50 inhibitory effect at 1.25 μg/ml. Further, the terpenoid extracts displayed efficient virucidal activity against CHIKV (inhibit around 90%) with 5 μg/ml dosage. As the last phase, terpenoid extracts added at time intervals of 0, 1, 2, 3 post-infection periods still maintained a significant inhibitory potential against CHIKV viral replication. Thus, the overall study suggests that the terpenoid extracts of G. dura may be effectively used in the prevention and treatment of CHIKV infections. Clinical studies may be warranted for designing a promising new anti-CHIKV drug.
In-silico Study of Molecular Properties, Bioactivity and Toxicity of 2-(Substituted benzylidene)succinic acids and Some Selected Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Authors: Kuchana Madhavi , Pulavarthi Maneesha , Potthuri Sasikala , Manduri Vyshnavi , Jaggarapu Vijaya Durga 
Published: July 2021

Succinic acid and its derivatives have many important uses, especially in pharmaceutical and polymer industry. The 2-(substituted benzylidene)succinic acids also known as substituted phenylitaconic acids are utilized in the synthesis of some lignans, lignanamides and renin inhibitors. In view of this, the present in-silico study aimed to calculate the molecular properties, bioactivity score and toxicity of several benzylidenesuccinic acids as well as some selected anti-inflammatory drugs by computational methods. The study revealed that all the compounds obeyed Lipinski’s rule of five, indicating drug likeness properties. The bioactivity data revealed that the 2-(substituted benzylidene)succinic acids were active as Nuclear receptor ligands, Enzyme inhibitors, GPCR ligands and Ion channel modulators. Among all, 2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylidene)succinic acid was predicted as non-toxic with better in-silico molecular properties and bioactivity as Nuclear receptor ligand, Enzyme inhibitor, GPCR ligand, Ion channel modulator and Protease inhibitor compared to some of the predicted anti-inflammatory drugs.
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Interactions Between Concomitantly used Gliclazide with Pravastatin
Authors: Haseeb T S Abdul , Reddy T Rama Mohan 
Published: July 2021

Diabetic hyperlipidemia is associated with increased lipoproteins in the blood hence, the introduction of a lipid lowering drugs aids in controlling the same. This comedication may lead to drug–drug interactions between anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidemic drugs. The current research is aimed at evaluating the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions of gliclazide (anti-diabetic) therapy by pravastatin (anti-hyperlipidemic) when administrated in combination. The studies conducted on rats dosed with gliclazide, pravastatin individually and in combination. Statistical comparisons of plasma concentration – response study in groups with gliclazide alone, pravastatin alone and in combination was carried out. The response study among concentrations and time were calculated employing student’s paired T-Test. The results indicate that gliclazide is completely absorbed with peak plasma concentration of 6.82±0.12 ng/ml and 7.82±0.12 ng/ml when administrated alone and 7.22±0.12 ng/ml and 7.22±0.12 ng/ml when administrated in combination in diabetic rats on first day (day 1) and eighth day (day8) respectively. Similarly peak plasma concentration of pravastatin are 3.92±0.03 ng/ml and 4.80±0.04 ng/ml when administrated alone and 3.683±0.02 ng/ml and 4.657±0.04 ng/ml when administrated in combination in diabetic rats on first day (day 1) and eighth day (day 8) respectively.There was no statistically noteworthy variation observed in peak plasma concentration (P>0.05). Similarly no variations observed in values of tmax, AUC and T1/2. The fasting serum glucose concentrations in normal and STZ-induced diabetic group on first day (day 1) and eighth day (day 8) were analyzed. The reduction of blood glucose levels at different time intervals on administration of gliclazide and pravastatin alone and in combination analyzed and results indicate no significant change in pharmacodynamic parameters.
Hence the results conclude that combinational therapy of gliclazide and pravastatin were found safe and highly potential in treating hyperlipidemia patients.
Construcción de paz en Colombia a partir del cumplimiento de la responsabilidad legal y social de las empresas
Authors: Cortés Torres Jorge Antonio 
Published: July 2021

En concordancia con lo señalado por el artículo 333 de la Constitución Política de Colombia, la actividad económica y la iniciativa privada son libres dentro de los límites del bien común. La empresa como base del desarrollo tiene una función social que implica obligaciones. Con base en lo anterior, es preciso comprender cuál es la proyección y el límite de la libertad empresarial al igual que la función social que la ha de caracterizar. Este límite debe partir del concepto de Estado Social de Derecho, que de acuerdo con la referida Constitución Política caracteriza a Colombia, y en virtud del cual, todas las personas deben vivir sometidas al imperio de la ley tomando como constante que nuestro derecho termina en donde empieza el de los demás. En este orden de ideas, es necesario abordar el tema de la regulación legal y social de la empresa con el fin de determinar cuáles son las reglas que regulan las relaciones sociales dentro de ésta y, cuáles son las obligaciones legales que adquiere el empresario, lo que también busca brindarle una seguridad jurídica como inversionista. En este sentido, la responsabilidad social en el ámbito empresarial o corporativo es entendida como el compromiso que las organizaciones públicas y privadas asumen con relación a la sociedad, que además debe estar reflejado en inversión social con las comunidades y con el entorno.
Diversity of Medicinal Plants Resources to be Useb by the Kho Mu Community in Special Use Forest, Sop Cop District, Son La Province
Authors: Lien Vu Thi , Dau Song A , Nghia Leo Van 
Published: July 2021

This research was conducted to assess the diversity of medicinal plant resources in special use forest, Sop Cop district, Son La province.By traditional botanical research method that we carried out since July 2019 to March 2020.The results showed that, there were 389 species of medicinal plants belonging to 294 genera and 109 families of 4 divisions of vascular plant. There were 10 families with the high number of species. The medicinal plants were used differently by the Kho Mu ethnic to treat 18 groups of diseases, of which the plants were used to treat gastrointestinal diseases had the highest percentage of species, 102 species (26,22%). In the parts used as medicine, leaves are most used accounting for from 26,74%. The whole trees and roots were used also quite large, including whole tree with 77 species, roots with 66 species. There were 28 medicinal species (accounting for 7,19%) that had been identified in the Vietnam’s Red Data Book (2007), have 18 species listed in the Vietnam’s Red List of Medicinal Plants,that wrote by Nguyen Tap (2019) and 12 species listed in the Governmental Decree 06/2019/NĐ-CP. These species had limited individuals that need to have policies for conservation and development.
Posterior petrosal approach for microsurgical resection of petroclival meningioma: 3-Dimensional operative video
Authors: Ceccato Guilherme Henrique Weiler , da Rocha Rodolfo Frank Munhoz , Matsubara Anderson , Borba Luis Alencar Biurrum 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Petroclival meningiomas are challenging lesions considering their deep location and close relationship with many vital neurovascular structures.[1-8]

Case Description:
We present the case of a 54-year-old male presenting a history of headache, dizziness, and tinnitus on the left side, associated with left facial hypoesthesia. Preoperative imaging depicted a lesion highly suggestive of a petroclival meningioma with important compression of the brainstem. Considering worsening of symptoms, size, and location of this lesion, microsurgical resection was indicated. A left posterior petrosal approach was employed with aid of neurophysiological monitoring. The patient was placed in a true lateral position and an arciform incision was done. First, the mastoidectomy was performed and then the craniotomy around encompassing both posterior and middle cranial fossae. Middle and posterior fossa dural incisions were connected through coagulation of the superior petrosal sinus. Then tentorium was all the way cut to the incisura. After that, sigmoid sinus can be mobilized posteriorly, increasing exposure of presigmoid space. The area since jugular foramen up to the supratentorial region was fully exposed, allowing safe total resection of the lesion. Postoperative imaging demonstrated complete tumor removal. Patient presented improvement of symptoms, with no new neurological deficits on follow-up.

Conclusion:
The posterior petrosal approach provided a shorter pathway and direct angle of attack to the tumor attachment, allowing successful resection.[1,6] Extensive laboratory training is essential to get familiarized with the complex anatomical relationships in that area. Informed consent was obtained from the patient for the procedure and publication of this operative video.
Supratentorial lymphocytic inflammation with parenchymal perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids: A case report and literature review
Authors: Sudhakar Vivek , Gersey Zachary , Polster Sean P. , Mantica Megan , Zenonos George 
Published: July 2021

Background:Chronic Lymphocytic Inflammation with Pontine Perivascular Enhancement Responsive to Steroids is a rare disorder that presents with subacute brainstem symptoms such as ataxia, facial paresthesias, and episodic diplopia, thought to be due to a T-cell medicated perivascular inflammatory process. A supratentorial variant, Supratentorial Lymphocytic Inflammation with Parenchymal Perivascular Enhancement Responsive to Steroids (SLIPPERS), has been described in only three patients.Case Description:A 71-year-old male presented with word-finding difficulties, confusion, and left leg weakness. Radiographic workup demonstrated multiple supratentorial ring-enhancing lesions. PET/CT demonstrated hypermetabolism and susceptibility-weighted imaging demonstrated a hemorrhagic component. Frozen pathology revealed a predominately T-cell and monocyte inflammatory infiltrate. He demonstrated interval improvement to dexamethasone therapy, but then demonstrated worsening of his symptoms following discontinuation.Conclusion:Given his dramatic response to corticosteroids, he was diagnosed with SLIPPERS. SLIPPERS is an underrecognized diagnostic entity to consider in patients with ring-enhancing lesions and can present with hypermetabolic lesions on PET/CT.
Remarkable shrinkage of a thrombosed giant aneurysm by stent-assisted jam-packed coil embolization
Authors: Mitsui Takaaki , Nakagawa Ichiro , Kotsugi Masashi , Park HunSoo , Yokoyama Shohei , Myouchin Kaoru , Nakase Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Large and giant aneurysms are known to involve intra-aneurysmal thrombosis and present a poor prognosis because of compression of the surrounding brain tissue with enlargement of the aneurysm. These aneurysms are difficult to cure by endovascular treatment due to involvement of the vasa vasorum in their pathology. We report this technical note to describe stent-assisted jam-packed coil embolization for the treatment of a giant thrombosed aneurysm.

Case Description:
A 62-year-old man presented with right homonymous hemianopsia, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a giant thrombosed aneurysm with poor wall contrast enhancement, which indicates little involvement of the vasa vasorum, at the terminal part of the left internal carotid artery. To block blood flow into the aneurysmal dome, stent-assisted “jam-packed” coil embolization was performed. For this, a braided stent was shortened to enhance metal coverage ratio and tight aneurysmal coil packing was performed using a hydrogel coil. Our technique resulted in complete obliteration of the aneurysm, and MRI performed 1 year later showed remarkable shrinkage of the aneurysm dome.

Conclusion:
Stent-assisted jam-packed coil embolization technique might be effective in shrinking the dome of giant thrombosed aneurysms with poor wall contrast enhancement.
Review: Perspective on ocular toxicity of presurgical skin preparations utilizing Chlorhexidine Gluconate/Hibiclens/Chloraprep
Authors: Epstein Nancy E 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Chlorhexidine Gluconate (CHG), Hibiclens (4% CHG with 4% Isopropyl Alcohol Detergent), and Chloraprep (i.e. labeled CHG-based solutions), utilized as preoperative surgical preparatory solutions may all cause severe oculotoxicity and ototoxicity. Alternatively, 10% Povidone-Iodine (PI) solutions without detergent demonstrate minimal toxic effects on the eyes and ears.

Methods:
Based on studies from 1984 to 2021, we compared the safety/efficacy of CHG-based versus PI-based solutions utilized for presurgical skin preparation near the cornea/eyes and ears (i.e., predominantly for cranial or cervical spine surgery).

Results:
Some studies documented that even minimal exposure (i.e., “splash risk”) during face/neck skin preparation with CHG-based solutions could result in irreversible corneal injury and ototoxicity. Within minutes to hours, CHG-based non-detergent solutions posed the risks of; corneal epithelial edema, anterior stromal edema, conjunctival chemosis, bullous keratopathy, and de-epithelialization. Notably, even occlusive dressings like Tegaderm could not protect against CHG penetration. Alternatively, PI-based solutions posed no to minimal ocular and/or ototoxicity, while often demonstrating comparable protection against surgical site infections (SSI).

Conclusion:
Chlorhexidine Gluconate (CHG), Hibiclens, and Chloraprep (i.e. CHG-based solutions) are often used as skin preparations near the face/eyes/spine (i.e., particularly anterior/posterior cervical procedures). However, if these solutions come in contact with the eyes, corneal irritation, abrasions, and even blindness may result. Alternatively, PI non-detergent solutions demonstrate safety/minimal oculotoxicity/ototoxicity, while frequently showing comparable efficacy against SSI.
Pandemi Covid-19 dalam Penyajian Pelaporan Keuangan dan Keberlangsungan Usaha melalui Prediksi Kebangkrutan
Authors: Astuti Shinta Budi , Damayanti Ameilia , Chasbiandani Tryas , Rizal Nelyumna 
Published: July 2021

The main purpose of this study is to assess and analyze the business continuity (going concern) of companies before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. The sample of this research is 45 property sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) for the period 2019-2020 and meet predetermined criteria. This study uses the Altman Z-Score bankruptcy prediction model to assess the business continuity of the sample companies. This research proves that there is indeed an influence from the global Covid-19 pandemic. Companies that are experiencing financial problems and have a strong potential for bankruptcy increased from 2% at the end of 2019 to 51% at the end of June 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/afr.v3i2.5451
El pensamiento humano y sus materializaciones
Authors: Lienhard Martin 
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo intenta una mirada distante de aquellas tradiciones que estudian la oralidad y de las sociedades que no conocen la escritura privilegiando la producción-recepción de discursos verbales. El punto de partida es que ese tipo de sociedades disponen, si nos referimos a su tecnología comunicativa, no de uno, sino de dos sistemas de comunicación verbal: el oral (o vocal) y el gestual. El sistema gestual, como el moderno lenguaje gestual destinado a los sordos, traduce, como la escritura, un discurso verbal; es por lo tanto —igual que los subtítulos en el cine—, una especie de escritura efímera. El uso de uno o de otro de los dos sistemas depende del contexto: la escritura gestual se usa en público y la oralidad vocal en la esfera íntima. En términos de la durabilidad de los dos sistemas, se sitúa la mirada hermenéutico-exegética en la dimensión κίνημα (cine, movimiento), recorriendo y recurriendo a poemas orales, mitos y mitografías, pinturas primordiales y lienzos precolombinos, además del diálogo con especialistas en la materia.
The Romani Archives and Documentation Center: A Migratory Archive?
Authors: Sabino Salazar Mariana 
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this review is to outline the history of the Romani Archives and Documentation Center (RADOC), its origin, mission, function, and what sets it apart from other archives in the world. Ian Hancock, emeritus professor at the University of Texas at Austin (UT) and author of The Pariah Syndrome (1987) and We Are the Romani People (2002), initiated the collection and was responsible for its organization and preservation for thelast 50 years. Due to Hancock’s recent retirement, RADOC will soon move from Texas to Turkey. It seems appropriate to reflect on this unique collection through Rodrigo Lazo’s concept of the migratory archive. RADOC differs from hegemonic national archives because it represents a heterogeneous group of peopledispersed throughout the world who speak different languages. Romani history has been largely written by outsiders, but the experience of Roma has also been recorded through other means, including literature and music. Regardless of the format, RADOC is committed to preserving the diversity of Romani voices. It is crucial that new generations of Romani and nonRomani scholars fight for the conservation of this archive and thepreservation of Romani history.