bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Dielectric Metasurfaces to Generate Deep‐Subwavelength Nondiffractive Bessel‐Like Beams with Arbitrary Trajectories and Ultralarge Deflection
Authors: Wen Jing , Chen Lei , Chen Xu , Kanwal Saima , Zhang Leihong , Zhuang Songlin , Zhang Dawei , Lei Dangyuan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFor decades, accelerating beams have attracted considerable interest in fundamental physics and in various emerging applications. However, not only are conventional accelerating beam generators (such as spatial light modulators) bulky and diffraction‐inefficient, they also have a poorly resolved ability of phase manipulation that limits the accelerating beam's minimum size and maximum degree of curvature. In this study, a dielectric metasurface is used to generate highly focused nondiffractive Bessel‐like accelerating beams with predefined arbitrary trajectories within a broadband spectral range of 550–710 nm. In particular, a similar metasurface with a combined phase profile allows the generation of a Bessel‐like vortex beam with an ultrahigh numerical aperture of 0.79, resulting in a subwavelength beamwidth of 234 nm (≈0.43λ) down to the diffraction limit. In addition, various accelerating Bessel‐like beams and beam arrays with different predefined trajectories and characteristic beam parameters that are not otherwise achievable with conventional spatial light modulators are demonstrated with synthetic‐phase metasurfaces. This study promotes the diversity of Bessel‐like accelerating beams for practical applications in fields such as optical manipulation, optical storage, biomedical imaging, and material processing.
Comparison of surgical outcomes between primary plate and fibular flap transfer for reconstruction of segmental mandibular defects
Authors: Huang Tzu‐Huan , Kuo Pao‐Jen , Liu Chung‐Ji 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeAlthough two ways of reconstruction have been reviewed for a long period, comparison of large sample size with nearly randomized patient selection is rare. Here, we compare the surgical outcomes of these two methods from two large medical institutes.MethodsTotally 176 patients were included from two medical centers with different protocols, 62 patients from MacKay Hospital repair defects with fibula flaps using reconstruction plates. Also 114 patients from Kaohsiung ChangGung Hospital treat with reconstruction plates combine anterior lateral thigh flaps, in which 12 cases had secondary fibula flap after plate exposure. Electronic medical records were reviewed retrospectively. Short (3–12 months) and long‐term (>12 months) outcomes were evaluated.ResultsShort‐term evaluation revealed that the secondary fibula had a higher rate of vascular complications (33 vs. 6%, p = .02). Primary fibula had a higher risk of post reconstructive surgical debridement (60 vs. 40%, p = .018). Long‐term follow‐up revealed radiation therapy significantly worsened bone healing (p = .03). Primary fibula had a lower rate of screw loosening (14.0 vs. 40.3%, p = .002). Radiation therapy did not increase the plate exposure rate among the groups (33 vs. 27%, p = .389). Disease free survival showed no significant difference between two groups (53.1 ± 3.5 vs. 47.8 ± 2.8 months, p = .317).ConclusionPrimary fibula reconstruction should be considered whenever possible to reduce the risk of late complications and simplifies the management after a potential plate exposure. Notably, radiation therapy apparently has no significant effect on plate exposure rate both in ALT or fibula groups.
A Value‐of‐Information‐based management framework for fog services
Authors: Poltronieri Filippo , Tortonesi Mauro , Morelli Alessandro , Stefanelli Cesare , Suri Niranjan 
Published: March 2021

SummaryThe management of fog computing applications is a challenging task that requires dealing with a dynamic and resource‐scarce environment. We argue that approaches leveraging Value‐of‐Information (VoI) concepts and tools are particularly interesting to support the realization of that objective. This paper describes innovative methodologies and reference models for the service fabric management of fog computing services. First, we formalize the VoI concept and discuss its adoption in fog computing environments. Then, we propose a model that aims at maximizing the allocation of fog services from a value‐based perspective. To overcome the complexity of this model, we present two possible solutions (a simplified user‐specific VoI model and a distance‐based heuristic), and we compare them by adopting meta‐heuristics as optimization techniques. Then, we investigate the adoption of a hybrid model, which combines the distance‐based heuristic with the simplified user‐specific VoI model. Experimental results prove the validity of all presented approaches and highlight the soundness of the distance‐based heuristic, which is capable of reaching the 91% performance of the simplified user‐specific VoI model in a very short amount of time. This makes it a suitable approach for online optimization of resources in fog computing.
Effects of customary egg harvest regimes on hatching success of a culturally important waterfowl species
Authors: Herse Mark R. , Tylianakis Jason M. , Scott Nigel J. , Brown Donald , Cranwell Iaean , Henry John , Pauling Craig , McIntosh Angus R. , Gormley Andrew M. , Lyver Phil O'B. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Customary harvests of wildlife underpin the livelihoods, cultural identities, well‐being and ecological knowledge of many Indigenous peoples and local communities (IPLC), whereas government restrictions on harvests can erode these relationships. Supporting IPLC in place‐based resource management, including sustainable customary harvests, can aid wildlife, their habitat and the cultures that value them.

Using an experiment jointly initiated by the Māori tribe Ngāi Tahu and researchers (Māori and non‐Māori) in Aotearoa/New Zealand, we identified low‐impact strategies for harvesting black swan (kakī anau, Cygnus atratus) eggs at an important coastal lagoon, Te Waihora/Lake Ellesmere. The experiment tested whether nest‐level hatching success (number of eggs hatched) depended on nest‐level harvest pressure; whether this effect was additive; and the extent to which harvest influenced post‐harvest egg laying and hatching probability, relative to several control variables.

Nest‐level harvest pressure determined nest‐level hatching success and had a non‐additive effect on population‐level hatching success. Specifically, harvesting one‐third or two‐thirds of a clutch caused a loss of approximately one hatchling per egg removed, because swans tended to replace few of those harvested eggs and hatching probability of unharvested eggs was generally high (but lower in nests with two‐thirds of eggs removed). Conversely, harvesting an entire clutch caused a loss of approximately one hatchling for every two eggs removed, because swans often subsequently re‐laid new, albeit smaller, clutches.

During fixed‐output harvests, removing entire clutches early during nesting could induce re‐laying and prevent abandonment of unharvested eggs. Moreover, harvesting from areas of nesting colonies with low nest density, where hatching probability of unharvested eggs was lowest, could limit disturbance. Finally, restoring foraging habitat in degraded wetlands surrounding nutrient‐overloaded waterbodies could offset eutrophication effects by providing plant resources that swans require to lay eggs indeterminately.

In addition to improving IPLC well‐being, implementing strategies such as these could enhance place‐based resource management by supporting IPLC engagement with nature, which increases the number and detection resolution of ecological feedbacks (e.g. population numbers, habitat conditions) and resilience to environmental change. Moreover, customary harvest could be a practical, culturally appropriate and less wasteful alternative to non‐consumptive culling for mitigating human–wildlife conflict (e.g. waterfowl grazing on pasture).

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
The re‐manufacture and repairability of poly(ether ether ketone) discontinuous carbon fibre composites
Authors: Erland Samuel , Stevens Henry , Savage Luke 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA major limitation of carbon fibre‐reinforced polymers is their unsuitability for repair and recycling processes due to the common employment of thermoset resin matrices and continuous fibres. Advanced thermoplastic discontinuous fibre moulding compounds (DFMCs) now offer an alternative for high‐performance components. Although DFMCs cannot match the raw performance of continuous fibre reinforcement, compression‐moulding techniques developed at the University of Exeter enable poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) matrix DFMCs to challenge the mechanical properties of aluminium in thick‐section components, an application area outside the scope of thermoset composites. This previous research also identified that PEEK DFMC components are far less likely to suffer significant breakage of the fibres during fracture, suggesting that the material is highly suited to repair through simple remoulding, using heat and pressure to re‐melt and consolidate the resin along the fracture path returning it to its original strength and stiffness. This offers an exciting capacity for repair and recyclability. This paper investigates this further, utilising a series of three‐point bending samples loaded to fracture before being reheated and pressurised then tested again. Multiple reprocessing approaches are investigated, including the use of additional material to act as repair packs, re‐pressing to induce significant flow and simple remoulding. This study shows that composites can be repaired with minimal loss of mechanical performance even when significant fracture occurs. The application of repair packs actually increases performance, reaching a flexural modulus of ca 80 GPa after three fracture cycles and a maximum bending stress of ca 900 MPa. © 2021 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Industrial Chemistry.
3Dprinting using polyampholyte hydrogel with reversible behavior
Authors: Na Yang Ho , Hwang Jung Min , Chung Jae Woo , Han Youngbae 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA polyampholyte (PA) hydrogel is a highly biocompatible hydrogel consisting of physical ionic bonds of anionic and cationic monomers. It has high strength without other chemical crosslinking agents. Physical ionic bonds of PA can be easily broken with NaCl solution; therefore, PA is easy to process because the viscosity of PA can be adjusted simply by changing the concentration of NaCl. In this study, PA hydrogel was applied to a 3D printer of DIW (direct ink write) additive manufacturing. Hydrogel 3D printing equipment was manufactured by mounting a pressure tank and heater. In order to make PA ink for 3D printing, PA was made in powder form first and then dissolved in NaCl solution to adjust to a suitable concentration in consideration of the processing temperature, mechanical properties and viscosity. The printing conditions were optimized to achieve stable operation of 3D printing. The surface of the printed sample was observed through scanning electron microscopy imaging to confirm that the stacked structure was well adhered. Finally, the characteristics of several structures printed using PA ink were investigated with tensile experiments. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
The crystal structure of the CmABCB1 G132V mutant, which favors the outward‐facing state, reveals the mechanism of the pivotal joint between TM1 and TM3
Authors: Matsuoka Keita , Nakatsu Toru , Kato Hiroaki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCmABCB1 is a homologue of human P‐glycoprotein, which extrudes various substrates by iterative cycles of conformational changes between the inward‐ and outward‐facing states. Comparison of the inward‐ and outward‐facing structures of CmABCB1 suggested that pivotal joints in the transmembrane domain regulate the tilt of transmembrane helices. Transmembrane helix 1 (TM1) forms a tight helix–helix contact with TM3 at the TM1–3 joint. Mutation of Gly132 to valine at the TM1–3 joint, G132V, caused a 10‐fold increase in ATPase activity, but the mechanism underlying this change remains unclear. Here, we report a crystal structure of the outward‐facing state of the CmABCB1 G132V mutant at a 2.15 Å resolution. We observed structural displacements between the outward‐facing states of G132V and the previous one at the region around the TM1–3 joint, and a significant expansion at the extracellular gate. We hypothesize that steric hindrance caused by the Val substitution shifted the conformational equilibrium toward the outward‐facing state, favoring the dimeric state of the nucleotide‐binding domains and thereby increasing the ATPase activity of the G132V mutant.
The seasonal dynamic ofTuta absolutainSolanum lycopersiconcultivation: Contributions of climate, plant phenology, and insecticide spraying
Authors: Bacci Leandro , da Silva Ézio M , Martins Júlio C , da Silva Ricardo S , Chediak Mateus , Milagres Carla C , Picanço Marcelo C 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDA variety of abiotic and biotic factors promoting seasonal variation in the population of insect pests. Knowledge of the timing and magnitude of these factors is important for the study of population dynamics and the development of efficient pest management programs. Currently, there are few studies regardingTuta absolutaMeyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) seasonal dynamics in tomato cultivation under open field conditions, either with or without insecticide application. This study aimed to investigate the effects of tomato phenology, climatic factors, and insecticide spraying on the seasonal dynamics ofT. absolutain tomato cultivation under open field conditions, using data from monitoring performed for 3 years.RESULTSInsecticide, host plant, and climatic conditions can affectT. absolutalife cycles directly over time, resulting in shifts of peaks of the pest. Insecticides forT. absolutacontrol reduced injury caused by larvae; however, this was not enough to reduce the density below economic injury levels (EIL) during periods of climatic conditions more suitable for population growth.Tuta absolutadensities surpassed EIL more frequently during the tomato plant fruiting stage. The highest densities of mines and damaged fruits occurred during periods of August to January and September to January in crops without and with the application of insecticides, respectively. Regarding the climatic factors, the highest densities ofT. absolutaoccurred during periods of increasing air temperature and low rainfall.CONCLUSIONThis study provides relevant insights into the factors that regulate the dynamics ofT. absolutain tomato cultivation and the decision‐making process of control of this pest. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
The change in the nature of bonding in the Li2 dimer under confinement
Authors: Robles‐Navarro Andrés , Rodriguez‐Bautista Mariano , Fuentealba Patricio , Cárdenas Carlos 
Published: March 2021

AbstractConfinement and pressure have profound effects on the electronic structure of atoms and molecules. In this work, we study the effects of a harmonic confinement on the electronic structure of the lithium dimer. To do this, we use quantum chemistry methods that include much of the electronic correlation (Coupled Cluster and CASSCF). The confinement induces a change, with respect to the free molecule, in the electronic configuration of Li2. There is a critical confinement value for which the ground state stops being the singlet and becomes the triplet . We also study changes in the bonding pattern. Li2 conserves the bonding pattern of the free molecule independently of the strength of confinement, as it is revealed by the electron localization function.
Public perceptions of the role of government and nonstate actors in responding to COVID‐19
Authors: Sledge Daniel , Thomas Herschel F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this article, we examine public perceptions of the importance of different levels of government and of nongovernmental entities in responding to the COVID‐19 pandemic. By analyzing the case of COVID‐19, we illuminate patterns that may be helpful for understanding public perceptions of the response to a broader range of crises, including the impacts of hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes, wildfires, and other hazards. We contribute to the public policy literature on public perceptions of government response to crises and expand it to include consideration of the role of nonstate actors. Drawing on a representative survey of 1200 registered voters in Texas, we find that individuals are more likely to view government as extremely important to respond to the pandemic than nonstate actors. We find that perceptions of the role of state and nonstate actors are shaped by risk perception, political ideology and religion, gender, and race/ethnicity. We do not find evidence that direct impacts from the COVID‐19 pandemic consistently shape perceptions of the role of state and nonstate actors.
Cross‐sectional survey of cattle haemopathogens in Constantine, Northeast Algeria
Authors: Foughali Asma Amina , Ziam Hocine , Aiza Asma , Boulkrout Halima , Berber Ali , Bitam Idir , Gharbi Mohamed 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of haemopathogens in cattle in Beni Hamidene locality, district of Constantine (Νortheastern Algeria). Between June and October 2014, 169 bovines from 25 farms were included in this survey, 32 (18.9%) among them were suspected of piroplasmosis and/or anaplasmosis. Infection prevalences were estimated by microscopic examination of Giemsa‐stained blood smears and blood samples from all included cattle (n = 169). Animals were infected by Theileria annulata (65/169; 38.46%), Anaplasma marginale (22/169; 13%) and Babesia bovis (5/169; 3%). Two co‐infection patterns were found: Theileria annulata/Anaplasma marginale (7.69%) and Theileria annulata/Babesia bovis (1.18%). Only one farm had no cattle infected by any of the haemopathogens. There was a signification difference of T. annulata infection prevalence according to age category (p =.04). These results emphasised mainly the presence of bovine tropical theileriosis in northeastern, Beni Hamidene locality, province of Constantine, Algeria.
Investigation of an atypical case of European foulbrood in France
Authors: Roy Christophe , Franco Stephanie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn apiary with 26 colonies of Western honey bees in Central France presented in 2017 a high prevalence (58%) of European foulbrood (EFB). Microbiological analyses and a global audit of beekeeping practices were carried out. Certain stress factors, food‐ and weather‐related, as well as certain risky beekeeping practices, may have exacerbated this epizootic. Despite the sanitary measures implemented (euthanasia, transfer to a clean hive, clinical follow‐up), the disease became enzootic with 15% and 14% diseased colonies in 2018 and 2019, respectively. In addition to its recurrence, significant damage to the capped brood was observed, which is quite rare in EFB. This atypical finding could not be explained by the microbiological studies, and may be the result of differential virulence among strains of Melissococcus plutonius, the causative agent of the disease.
The effect of diffusion on micropolar thermoelastic medium under 3PHL model
Authors: Alharbi Amnah M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article aims to study how a thermoelastic medium having a bipolar nature is impacted by diffusion. It employs an analytical method called normal mode analysis to derive the formula for required physical quantities. The paper utilizes Green‐Naghdi theory (G‐N III) along with the three‐phase‐lag (3PHL) model to solve the existing problem. The comparisons are established graphically for different values of the phase‐lag times, the presence and absence of diffusion, and the time parameter with respect to Green‐Naghdi theory and the 3PHL model.
A method for dynamic response of a multilayered pavement loaded by FWD
Authors: Cai Yingchuan , Hu Bin , Liu Heng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe dynamic response of a viscoelastic multilayered pavement under falling weight deflectometer (FWD) loading is an attractive topic for the pavement engineers. Starting from the governing equations, the Laplace transform is first applied to suppress the time variable. The ordinary differential equations (ODE) of the governing equations in Laplace domain are derived by the cylindrical vector functions systems. On the basis of the facts that the top and bottom boundary conditions dual appear, a novel analytical method called dual variable and dual boundary (DVDB) for the ODE is proposed combined with dual variable and position method (DVP). The final solution in time domain is obtained by the inverse Laplace transform that is accelerated by Epsilon algorithm. The solutions of the thin layer issues and imperfect interface conditions are also investigated. Some numerical results from DVDB for the dynamic response of multilayered pavement loaded by FWD discrete pulse series are compared and discussed. It can be concluded that the DVDB combined with Laplace transform can efficiently solve the dynamic response of multilayered pavement in time domain. Furthermore, it can also be suited for some cases, such as material anisotropy properties, thin layers in the structure and interface conditions.
The AI doctor will see you now: assessing the framing of AI in news coverage
Authors: Bunz Mercedes , Braghieri Marco 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOne of the sectors for which Artificial Intelligence applications have been considered as exceptionally promising is the healthcare sector. As a public-facing sector, the introduction of AI applications has been subject to extended news coverage. This article conducts a quantitative and qualitative data analysis of English news media articles covering AI systems that allow the automation of tasks that so far needed to be done by a medical expert such as a doctor or a nurse thereby redistributing their agency. We investigated in this article one particular framing of AI systems and their agency: the framing that positions AI systems as (1a) replacing and (1b) outperforming the human medical expert, and in which (2) AI systems are personified and/or addressed as a person. The analysis of our data set consisting of 365 articles written between the years 1980 and 2019 will show that there is a tendency to present AI systems as outperforming human expertise. These findings are important given the central role of news coverage in explaining AI and given the fact that the popular frame of ‘outperforming’ might place AI systems above critique and concern including the Hippocratic oath. Our data also showed that the addressing of an AI system as a person is a trend that has been advanced only recently and is a new development in the public discourse about AI.