bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SOX9 modulates cancer biomarker and cilia genes in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Edelman Hannah E , McClymont Sarah A , Tucker Tori R , Pineda Santiago , Beer Rebecca L , McCallion Andrew S , Parsons Michael J 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive form of cancer with high mortality. The cellular origins of PDAC are largely unknown; however, ductal cells, especially centroacinar cells (CACs), have several characteristics in common with PDAC, such as expression of SOX9 and components of the Notch-signaling pathway. Mutations in KRAS and alterations to Notch signaling are common in PDAC, and both these pathways regulate the transcription factor SOX9. To identify genes regulated by SOX9, we performed siRNA knockdown of SOX9 followed by RNA-seq in PANC-1s, a human PDAC cell line. We report 93 differentially expressed (DE) genes, with convergence on alterations to Notch-signaling pathways and ciliogenesis. These results point to SOX9 and Notch activity being in a positive feedback loop and SOX9 regulating cilia production in PDAC. We additionally performed ChIP-seq in PANC-1s to identify direct targets of SOX9 binding and integrated these results with our DE gene list. Nine of the top 10 downregulated genes have evidence of direct SOX9 binding at their promoter regions. One of these targets was the cancer stem cell marker EpCAM. Using whole-mount in situ hybridization to detect epcam transcript in zebrafish larvae, we demonstrated that epcam is a CAC marker and that Sox9 regulation of epcam expression is conserved in zebrafish. Additionally, we generated an epcam null mutant and observed pronounced defects in ciliogenesis during development. Our results provide a link between SOX9, EpCAM and ciliary repression that can be exploited in improving our understanding of the cellular origins and mechanisms of PDAC.
Lymph node dissection in thymic carcinomas and neuroendocrine carcinomas
Authors: Hamaji Masatsugu , Omasa Mitsugu , Nakanishi Takao , Nakakura Akiyoshi , Morita Satoshi , Miyamoto Ei , Nakagawa Tatsuo , Miyahara So , Sonobe Makoto , Takahashi Mamoru , Terada Yasuji , Hijiya Kyoko , Sumitomo Ryota , Huang Cheng-Long , Kojima Fumitsugu , Shoji Tsuyoshi , Date Naoki , Miyata Ryo , Suga Michiharu , Nakanobo Ryo , Kawakami Kenzo , Aoyama Akihiro , Date Hiroshi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Although lymph node (LN) metastases are not uncommon in thymic carcinomas, preoperative LN evaluation, intraoperative lymph node dissection (LND) and postoperative outcomes remain unknown. The aim of this study was to elucidate the characteristics of and outcomes in patients with thymic carcinomas and thymic neuroendocrine carcinomas undergoing LND.

METHODS
A retrospective chart review was performed using our multi-institutional database to identify patients who underwent resection and LND for thymic carcinoma or thymic neuroendocrine carcinoma between 1991 and 2018. An enlarged mediastinal LN was defined as having a short-axis diameter &gt;1 cm. We assessed survival outcomes using the Kaplan–Meier analysis.

RESULTS
N1-level LND was performed in 41 patients (54.6%), N2-level LND in 14 patients (18.7%) and both-level LND in 16 patients (21.3%). Pathological LN metastasis was detected in 20 patients (26.7%) among the 75 patients undergoing LND. There was a significant difference in the number of LN stations (P = 0.015) and metastasis factor (P = 0.0042) between pathologically LN-positive and pathologically LN-negative patients. The sensitivity of enlarged LNs on preoperative computed tomography was 18.2%. There was a tendency towards worse overall survival of pathologically N2-positive patients, although the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.15).

CONCLUSIONS
Preoperative CT appears to play a limited role in detecting pathological LN metastases. Our findings suggest that the significance of N1- and N2-level LND should be evaluated in prospective studies to optimize the postoperative management of patients with thymic carcinomas and neuroendocrine carcinomas.
On the Liouville Function in Short Intervals
Authors: Chinis Jake 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Let $\lambda $ denote the Liouville function. Assuming the Riemann Hypothesis, we prove that $\int _X^{2X}\Big |\sum _{x\leq n \leq x+h}\lambda (n) \Big |^2{\textrm{d}} x \ll Xh(\log X)^6,$ as $X\rightarrow \infty $, provided $h=h(X)\leq \exp \left (\sqrt{\left (\frac{1}{2}-o(1)\right )\log X \log \log X}\right ).$ The proof uses a simple variation of the methods developed by Matomäki and Radziwiłł in their work on multiplicative functions in short intervals, as well as some standard results concerning smooth numbers.
The Capacity of Quiver Representations and Brascamp–Lieb Constants
Authors: Chindris Calin , Derksen Harm 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Let $Q$ be a bipartite quiver, $V$ a real representation of $Q$, and $\sigma $ an integral weight of $Q$ orthogonal to the dimension vector of $V$. Guided by quiver invariant theoretic considerations, we introduce the Brascamp–Lieb (BL) operator $T_{V,\sigma }$ associated to $(V,\sigma )$ and study its capacity, denoted by $\textbf{D}_Q(V, \sigma )$. When $Q$ is the $m$-subspace quiver, the capacity of quiver data is intimately related to the BL constants that occur in the $m$-multilinear BL inequality in analysis. We show that the positivity of $\textbf{D}_Q(V, \sigma )$ is equivalent to the $\sigma $-semi-stability of $V$. We also find a character formula for $\textbf{D}_Q(V, \sigma )$ whenever it is positive. Our main tool is a quiver version of a celebrated result of Kempf–Ness on closed orbits in invariant theory. This result leads us to consider certain real algebraic varieties that carry information relevant to our main objects of study. It allows us to express the capacity of quiver data in terms of the character induced by $\sigma $ and sample points of the varieties involved. Furthermore, we use this character formula to prove a factorization of the capacity of quiver data. We also show that the existence of gaussian extremals for $(V, \sigma )$ is equivalent to $V$ being $\sigma $-polystable and that the uniqueness of gaussian extremals implies that $V$ is $\sigma $-stable. Finally, we explain how to find the gaussian extremals of a gaussian-extremisable datum $(V, \sigma )$ using the algebraic variety associated to $(V,\sigma )$.
Responsibility-Sharing in Refugee Protection: Lessons from Climate Governance
Authors: Lutz Philipp , Stünzi Anna , Manser-Egli Stefan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The international governance of asylum requires states to cooperate to provide the public good of humanitarian protection. The need to establish responsibility-sharing resembles the collective action problem in climate change mitigation. While there is a general consensus on the differentiation of state responsibilities in most environmental agreements, states continuously fail to progress on responsibility-sharing in asylum governance. In this article, we compare the collective action challenges in asylum to those in climate governance and identify the similarities and differences in their characteristics as public goods. We then discuss the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities” that guides global climate change mitigation and demonstrate how equity principles can be applied to differentiate state responsibilities in the context of humanitarian protection. The subsequent analysis of recent efforts to establish effective responsibility-sharing reveals the trade-offs involved in the design of a responsibility allocation mechanism for refugee protection. Our findings provide important lessons for the prospects and limits of responsibility-sharing in asylum governance.
Nutritional Global Status and Its Impact in Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Prieto Juliana Midori Iqueda , Andrade Adriana Ribas , Magro Daniela Oliveira , Imbrizi Marcello , Nishitokukado Iêda , Ortiz-Agostinho Carmen Lucia , dos Santos Fabiana Maria , Luzia Liania Alves , Rondo Patricia Helen de Carvalho , Leite André Zonetti de Arruda , Carrilho Flair José , Sipahi Aytan Miranda 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Malnutrition among inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) subjects is well documented in literature and may emerge from factors including inadequate dietary intake, malabsorption and disease activity. The aim of this study was to complete a comprehensive nutrition assessment and explore what possibilities may help bring a better quality of life for IBD subjects.

Methods
Nutritional status based on biochemical tests, body composition and body mass index (BMI). Food intake was assessed by an alternate 3-day food record and the adequacy of intake was evaluated according to national and international references. Clinical disease activity was evaluated by the Harvey-Bradshaw index and CRP levels.

Results
The study included 217 patients and 65 controls, where 54.4% of these patients were classified as normal weight with a mean BMI lower than controls (23.8 ± 4.9 versus 26.9 ± 4.8 kg/m2, P = 0.02). Patients with disease activity showed more overweight and obesity than patients with controlled disease. Vitamin B12 deficiency was present in 19% of Crohn’s disease (CD), mainly in patients with ileal commitment and small bowel resections. Anemia was present in 21.7% of patients, being more common in patients with active disease (25%) and bowel resection (23%). Regarding calorie intake (EI), CD group ingested more than controls (1986.3 ± 595.9 kcal versus 1701.8 ± 478.9 kcal; P = 0.003).

Conclusions
CD patients presented micronutrient deficiency when compared with controls, explained for other reasons than intake restrictions. Also, fat excess might have contributed to disease burden as continuously reported in the literature.
Immigrant diversity, integration and worker productivity: uncovering the mechanisms behind ‘diversity spillover’ effects
Authors: Buchholz Maximilian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A growing body of research is demonstrating a robust positive relationship between the diversity of a city’s foreign-born population in the USA and worker productivity. Other research has focused on diversity within firms, similarly finding positive effects in many cases. Although it appears that diverse teams within firms are better at problem-solving and are more creative, the exact mechanism(s) that drive the relationship between diversity and productivity at the scale of city-regions are less apparent and underexplored in extant research. Drawing on research from several fields, I describe four mechanisms that might drive the relationship between immigrant diversity and productivity at the urban level. I explore each mechanism with a pseudo panel of workers and fixed effects OLS regressions across U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas between 2011 and 2017. The results most strongly support that at the urban level, diversity enhances productivity through what I call ‘exposure effects’ and ‘interactive problem-solving’, wherein workers become more productive and more creative through exposure to new cultures and ways of thinking and through joint problem-solving. These results suggest that positive externalities arise when coupling rising immigrant diversity with the social integration of people from diverse backgrounds.
Management of the Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the Colombian Caribbean: A Conceptual Model
Authors: Burbano-Figueroa Oscar , Sierra-Monroy Alexandra , Grandett Martinez Liliana , Borgemeister Christian , Luedeling Eike 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe boll weevil [BW; Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)] is the main pest in the cotton-producing regions throughout the Americas from Southern Texas to Argentina. In the Colombian Caribbean, frequent population outbreaks have resulted in cotton planting bans in some localities and in massive applications of insecticides elsewhere (up to 15 insecticide sprays per cotton season). To date, information on boll weevil management strategies in Colombia is only available in the forms of gray literature (technical reports) and informal knowledge held by crop advisors and farmers. This study compiles this information using a standardized protocol for participatory construction of conceptual models for agricultural systems. The conceptual model developed in this study integrates the informal local knowledge of crop advisors and farmers with disciplinary knowledge describing management strategies for boll weevil. The collected data were assessed and organized using a systems approach to facilitate the future development of quantitative models and allow visualization of knowledge gaps. The model includes the description of the biological and technical-decisional subsystems. The latter subsystem explains boll weevil management at two temporal-spatial scales: 1) farm (field) scale management during the cotton season and 2) a regional boll weevil suppression strategy mainly aimed at controlling the insect populations that survived the intercotton season. The development of this conceptual model allowed describing the current management strategies for boll weevil and formulating hypotheses about the effectiveness of these strategies. This conceptual model provides guidelines for future research, and it can serve as a baseline for the development of quantitative models and simulations describing the decision-making process related to the management of boll weevil in the Colombian Caribbean.
Is perioperative chemotherapy recommended in childhood and adolescent patients with synovial sarcoma? A systematic review
Authors: Nakamura Tomoki , Saito Yuya , Tsuchiya Kunihiko , Miyachi Mitsuru , Iwata Shintaro , Sudo Akihiro , Kawai Akira 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objective
Synovial sarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcomas among childhood and adolescents, accounting for 8–10% of all soft tissue sarcoma. Synovial sarcoma is considered a relatively chemosensitive tumor compared with other soft tissue sarcomas. However, the role of perioperative chemotherapy in synovial sarcoma remains controversial. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the role of perioperative chemotherapy in childhood and adolescent patients with synovial sarcoma.

Methods
We evaluated studies published between 1 January 1990 and 31 December 2017. The following databases were searched: MEDLINE, Cochrane database (via PubMed) and Ichushi (in Japanese).

Results
The search yielded 216 articles in English and Japanese. After the initial screening, based on the title and abstract, 160 articles were excluded. As a second screening, we then assessed the full text of the remaining 56 articles for eligibility. Finally, 10 articles were included in the systematic review. Surgical resection with R0 margin alone was recommended because of the excellent results of two prospective studies. Meta-analysis was performed using data from two retrospective studies of 261 patients. Perioperative chemotherapy did not have a significant effect on survival and event-free survival.

Conclusions
We weakly do not recommend perioperative chemotherapy in patients with non-metastatic synovial sarcoma ≤ 5 cm when R0 resection is acquired. There was no consensus concerning the role of perioperative chemotherapy in patients with synovial sarcoma &gt; 5 cm or those with ≤5 cm who undergo R1 or R2 resection.
Patterns and Impact of Electronic Health Records-Defined Depression Phenotypes in Spine Surgery
Authors: Boakye Maxwell , Sharma Mayur , Adams Shawn , Chandler Thomas , Wang Dengzhi , Ugiliweneza Beatrice , Drazin Doniel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Preoperative depression is a risk factor for poor outcomes after spine surgery.

OBJECTIVE
To understand effects of depression on spine surgery outcomes and healthcare resource utilization.

METHODS
Using IBM’s MarketScan Database, we identified 52 480 patients who underwent spinal fusion. Retained patients were classified into 6 depression phenotype groups based on International Classification of Disease, 9th/10th Revision (ICD-9/10) codes and use/nonuse of antidepressant medications: major depressive disorder (MDD), other depression (OthDep), antidepressants for other psychiatric condition (PsychRx), antidepressants for physical (nonpsychiatric) condition (NoPsychRx), psychiatric condition only (PsychOnly), and no depression (NoDep). We analyzed baseline demographics, comorbidities, healthcare utilization/payments, and chronic opioid use.

RESULTS
Breakdown of groups in our cohort: MDD (15%), OthDep (12%), PsychRx (13%), NonPsychRx (15%), PsychOnly (12%), and NoDep (33%). Postsurgery: increased outpatient resource utilization, admissions, and medication refills at 1, 2, and 5 yr in the NoDep, PsychOnly, NonPsychRx, PsychRx, and OthDep groups, and highest in MDD. Postoperative opioid usage rates remained unchanged in MDD (44%) and OthDep (36%), and reduced in PsychRx (40%), NonPsychRx (31%), and PsychOnly (20%), with greatest reduction in NoDep (13%). Reoperation rates: 1 yr after index procedure, MDD, OthDep, PsychRx, NonPsychRx, and PsychOnly had more reoperations compared to NoDep, and same at 2 and 5 yr. In NoDep patients, 45% developed new depressive phenotype postsurgery.

CONCLUSION
EHR-defined classification allowed us to study in depth the effects of depression in spine surgery. This increased understanding of the interplay of mental health will help providers identify cohorts at risk for high complication rates, and health care utilization.
Is pain associated with premature mortality in patients with psoriatic arthritis? A nested case–control study using the DANBIO Register
Authors: Vela Jonathan , Cordtz Rene Lindholm , Kristensen Salome , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Petersen Kristian Kjær , Arendt-Nielsen Lars , Dreyer Lene 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
It has been hypothesized that the presence of chronic pain causes excess mortality. Since chronic pain is prevalent among patients with PsA this potential association should be explored. We aimed to investigate whether higher cumulative pain intensity is associated with an excess mortality risk in patients with PsA.

Methods
A nested case–control study using data from the nationwide DANBIO Register (Danish Database for Biological Therapies in Rheumatology) Register and Danish healthcare registers. Cases were patients who died and corresponding to the date of death, matched on sex, year of birth and calendar period at the time of death with up to five controls. Exposure of interest was mean pain intensity reported during the time followed in routine rheumatology practice. Pain intensity was measured using a visual analogue scale from 0 to 100 and conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds of mortality per 5 unit increase in pain while adjusting for confounders.

Results
The cohort consisted of 8019 patients. A total of 276 cases were identified and matched with 1187 controls. Higher mean pain intensity was associated with increased odds of mortality [odds ratio 1.06 (95% CI 1.02, 1.10)] in the crude model, but there was no association [odds ratio 0.99 (95% CI 0.95, 1.03)] when adjusting for additional confounders. Factors shown to increase the odds of mortality were recent glucocorticoid use, concomitant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, cancer and cardiovascular disease.

Conclusion
These results indicate that experienced pain in itself is not associated with premature mortality in patients with PsA. However, recent glucocorticoid use and concurrent comorbidities were.
Influence of particle size of Enogen Feed corn and conventional yellow dent corn on lactating sow performance1
Authors: Williams Hadley R , Tokach Mike D , Paulk Chad B , Woodworth Jason C , DeRouchey Joel M , Goodband Robert D , Dritz Steve S , Gebhardt Jordan T 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Enogen Feed corn is a variety developed by Syngenta Seeds (Downers Grove, IL) that has been genetically modified to contain an α-amylase enzyme trait (SYT-EFC). Originally, Enogen feed corn was developed for the ethanol industry due to its properties for reducing the viscosity of its corn mash. There is potential application for Enogen Feed corn to be used in livestock diets due to the potential for the increase in α- amylase enzyme to increase the starch digestibility. Because of this, it may be possible to increase the particle size of ground Enogen Feed corn and maintain the same starch digestibility as finely ground conventional yellow dent corn. Therefore, our hypothesis was that an interaction between corn source and particle size would exist such that the performance of sows fed fine ground conventional yellow dent corn would be similar to sows fed coarse ground Enogen Feed corn. A total of 107 sows (Line 241; DNA, Columbus, NE) across four batch farrowing groups were used to evaluate sow and litter performance. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with main effects of corn source (Enogen Feed corn or conventional yellow dent corn) and ground corn particle size (600 or 900 µm). From farrowing to weaning, there was a tendency for a corn source × particle size interaction (P = 0.065) in sow body weight (BW) change. Sows fed 900 µm Enogen Feed corn had decreased BW loss compared to sows fed other treatments, which were similar in weight loss. For sow average daily feed intake from farrowing to weaning, there was a corn source × particle size interaction (P = 0.048) with sows fed 900 µm conventional yellow dent corn having lower feed intake than the sows fed 600 µm conventional yellow dent corn, whereas sows fed 900 µm Enogen Feed corn had greater feed intake compared to the sows fed 600 µm Enogen Feed corn. There was a tendency for a particle size main effect (P &lt; 0.10) for litter average daily gain (ADG) and total litter gain, with sows fed corn ground to 600 µm having increased litter ADG and total litter gain compared to sows fed corn ground to 900 µm. In summary, there were few differences in sow or litter characteristics among those fed Enogen Feed corn or conventional yellow dent corn. Reducing particle size of both corn sources tended to increase litter ADG and weaning weights.
FXR-Deoxycholic Acid-TNF-α Axis Modulates Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Yan Tingting , Yan Nana , Wang Hong , Yagai Tomoki , Luo Yuhong , Takahashi Shogo , Zhao Min , Krausz Kristopher W , Wang Guangji , Hao Haiping , Gonzalez Frank J 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The idiosyncratic characteristics and severity of acetaminophen (APAP) overdose-induced hepatotoxicity render identifying the predisposing factors and mechanisms of APAP-induced liver toxicity necessary and urgent. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) controls bile acid homeostasis and modulates the progression of various liver diseases. Although global FXR deficiency in mice enhances APAP intoxication, the mechanism remains elusive. In this study, an increased sensitivity to APAP-induced toxicity was found in global Fxr-null (Fxr−/−) mice, but was not observed in hepatocyte-specific or macrophage-specific Fxr-null mice, suggesting that global FXR deficiency enhances APAP hepatotoxicity via disruption of systematic bile acid homeostasis. Indeed, more bile acid accumulation was found in global Fxr−/− mice, while 2% cholestyramine diet feeding decreased serum bile acids and alleviated APAP hepatotoxicity in global Fxr−/− mice, suggesting that bile acid accumulation contributes to APAP toxicity. Bile acids were suspected to induce macrophage to release tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which is known to enhance the APAP hepatotoxicity. In vitro, deoxycholic acid (DCA), a secondary bile acid metabolite, significantly induced Tnfa mRNA and dose-dependently enhanced TNF-α release from macrophage, while the same dose of DCA did not directly potentiate APAP toxicity in cultured primary hepatocytes. In vivo, DCA enhanced TNF-α release and potentiated APAP toxicity, both of which were abolished by the specific TNF-α antagonist infliximab. These results reveal an FXR-DCA-TNF-α axis that potentiates APAP hepatotoxicity, which could guide the clinical safe use of APAP.