bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unravelling distribution patterns of Neotropical lianas: an analysis of endemicity of tribe Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae)
Authors: Narváez-Gómez Juan Pablo , Szumik Claudia A , Goloboff Pablo A , Lohmann Lúcia G 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAreas of endemism characterize geographical regions by their unique biotas, providing the basis for studies on the ecological and historical drivers of these biologically distinct units. Tribe Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae) are a highly diverse clade of lianas distributed throughout the Neotropics, representing an excellent model for studying the drivers of species diversity and distribution patterns in this region. We used a dataset representing 98% of the diversity of Bignonieae and 21 170 unique locality records to perform an analysis of endemicity using NDM/VNDM. We recovered areas of endemism distributed across the Neotropics, including a higher number of areas at coarser spatial scales. Although overlapping and nested patterns of endemism were common and the spatial congruence with the individual units of previous regionalization schemes was low, the patterns of endemism recovered were in general agreement with those documented for other taxa. Our findings are generally consistent with key Neotropical biogeographical hypotheses. These results highlight the importance of studying detailed distribution patterns of selected taxa for an improved understanding of Neotropical biogeography.
Elevated Dopamine Synthesis as a Mechanism of Cognitive Resilience in Aging
Authors: Ciampa Claire J , Parent Jourdan H , Lapoint Molly R , Swinnerton Kaitlin N , Taylor Morgan M , Tennant Victoria R , Whitman A J , Jagust William J , Berry Anne S 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAging is associated with declines in multiple components of the dopamine system including loss of dopamine-producing neurons, atrophy of the dopamine system’s cortical targets, and reductions in the density of dopamine receptors. Countering these patterns, dopamine synthesis appears to be stable or elevated in older age. We tested the hypothesis that elevation in dopamine synthesis in aging reflects a compensatory response to neuronal loss rather than a nonspecific monotonic shift in older age. We measured individual differences in striatal dopamine synthesis capacity in cognitively normal older adults using [18F]Fluoro-l-m-tyrosine positron emission tomography cross-sectionally and tested relationships with longitudinal reductions in cortical thickness and working memory decline beginning up to 13 years earlier. Consistent with a compensation account, older adults with the highest dopamine synthesis capacity were those with greatest atrophy in posterior parietal cortex. Elevated dopamine synthesis capacity was not associated with successful maintenance of working memory performance overall, but had a moderating effect such that higher levels of dopamine synthesis capacity reduced the impact of atrophy on cognitive decline. Together, these findings support a model by which upregulation of dopamine synthesis represents a mechanism of cognitive resilience in aging.
Optimized Method for Determination 57 Volatile Organic Compounds in Nitrogen Using GC × GC–FID
Authors: Yang Jing , Du Jian , Huang Wei , Ning Hongbing , Li Ning 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The sample containing 57 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in nitrogen at a nominal 1 ppmv was prepared in our lab using weighting method. A methodology for determination of the 57 VOCs using a two-dimensional gas chromatography equipped with Deans switches and two flame ionization detectors (GC × GC–FID) was developed and validated for resolution, asymmetry, sensitivity, precision (intra-day precision and inter-day precision), linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ) and accuracy. In this study, resolution, asymmetry and sensitivity of the analytical method were improved，intra-day precisions of all the compounds were &lt;1% and inter-day precisions were between 0.9 and 3.0%. In addition, LOQ and LOD were in the range of 0.024–0.185 ppmv and 0.012–0.092 ppmv, respectively. An excellent linearity was obtained (R2 &gt; 0.9995). At the meantime, the accuracy of the analytical method was evaluated by determining the concentration of a certified reference material.
Cause of Death in Neonates With Neurological Insults in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Insights From A MITS Pilot Study
Authors: Mathew Mary , Lewis Leslie , Sreenivas Athira , Purkayastha Jayashree 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) of organs has been used as an alternative to complete diagnostic autopsy in countries where refusal for autopsy in newborns is common for sociocultural reasons. There is a paucity of literature regarding the diagnostic utility of MITS of the brain after death in neonates with neurological insults, especially in India.

Methods
This was a prospective, preliminary single-center tertiary care hospital study in India, focused specifically on MITS of the brain after neonatal death as a diagnostic tool to identify the various neurological insults. All neonatal deaths with neurological symptoms occurring within the first 30 days of life were enrolled, irrespective of the suspected clinical diagnosis.

Results
Sixteen neonates were enrolled after death for MITS of the brain, performed for diagnostic purposes, during the study period from February 2020 to March 2021. Their gestational ages ranged from 26 to 38 weeks. All neonates had either a history of seizures and/or respiratory distress or clinical evidence of sepsis and were on ventilator support. Histopathology in all 16 neonates showed evidence of anoxia, with or without reactive astrogliosis or microgliosis. In 5 neonates with cranial ultrasound evidence of brain hemorrhage, MITS of the brain showed intraventricular hemorrhage, subdural hemorrhage, or intraparenchymal white matter microhemorrhages. Premortem blood culture–proven sepsis was seen in 9 neonates. In all cases (100%), MITS had a good diagnostic yield and was useful to establish the neurological insult in the brain.

Conclusions
MITS of the brain provides an accurate and adequate diagnosis and can be an alternative to complete diagnostic autopsy for establishing the cause of death due to neurological insults, especially in low-resource settings where obtaining consent for more invasive procedure is often challenging.
Long-term impact of COVID-19 among maintenance haemodialysis patients
Authors: Chawki Sylvain , Buchard Albert , Sakhi Hamza , Dardim Karim , El Sakhawi Karim , Chawki Mokhtar , Boulanger Henri , Kofman Tomek , Dahmane Djamal , Rieu Philippe , Attaf David , Ahriz-Saksi Salima , Masoumi Afshin , Diddaoui Ali Zineddine , Fromentin Luc , Michaut Patrick , Nebbad Rachida , Desassis Jean-François , Nicolet Laurence , Sohier-Attias Julie , Besson Frederic , Boula Remy , Hafi Ali , Ghazali Abderrahmane , Lamriben Larbi , Arezki Adem , Dupuis Emmanuel , Rifard Mohamad-Khair , Joly Dominique , Attias Philippe , El Karoui Khalil 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) patients have a high risk of initial mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, long-term consequences of this disease in the MHD population are poorly described. We report the clinical presentation, outcome and long-term follow-up of MHD patients affected by COVID-19 in a multicentric cohort from the Paris, France area.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical presentation and long-term follow-up of MHD patients affected by COVID-19 in 19 MHD centres in the Paris, France area.

Results
In this cohort of 248 patients with an initial mortality rate of 18%, age, comorbidities, dyspnoea and previous immunosuppressive treatment were associated with death at &lt;30 days. Among the 203 surviving patients following the acute phase, long-term follow-up (median 180 days) was available for 189 (93%) patients. Major adverse events occurred in 30 (16%) patients during follow-up, including 12 deaths (6%) after a median of 78 days from onset of symptoms. Overall, cardiovascular events, infections and gastrointestinal bleeding were the main major adverse events. Post-COVID-19 cachexia was observed in 25/189 (13%) patients. Lower initial albuminaemia was significantly associated with this cachexia. No reinfection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was observed.

Conclusions
This work demonstrates the long-term consequences of COVID-19 in MHD patients, highlighting both initial and long-term severity of the disease, including severe cachexia.
Septal myectomy complicated by an embolic stroke in a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a case report
Authors: Butt Muhammad Umer , Alameh Anas , Bashir Hanad , Jabri Ahmad 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is estimated to affect 1 out of every 500 adults in the USA. One of its main complications is left ventricular outflow obstruction, which may require surgical septal myectomy in severe cases. We report a rare complication of postoperative septal akinesis leading to thrombus formation presenting as an acute ischaemic stroke.

Case summary
A 48-year-old woman presented with acute stroke 2 years after surgical septal myectomy for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. Diagnostic workup identified an intraventricular thrombus arising in the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT). After comprehensive evaluation, it was determined that the thrombus development was a complication of the prior septal myectomy causing focal septal akinesis. Treatment with anticoagulation resulted in improvement of neurological symptoms and resolution of the intraventricular thrombus.

Discussion
This case illustrates the rarity and unusual presentation of an intracardiac thrombus that arises from septal myectomy site. A thrombus arising in the LVOT, which is characterized by high gradient laminar flow, is highly unusual. This suggests microscopic and macroscopic alteration in the ventricular septal wall structure, as evident by the septal wall akinesis seen on echocardiography. Recognition of this complication is critical to the selection of appropriate anticoagulation as secondary stroke prevention in these patients.
Metformin therapy is not associated with the lower prevalence of ascending aortic aneurysm in diabetic patients
Authors: Vignac Maxime , Ntika Stelia , Olsson Christian , Franco-Cereceda Anders , Björck Hanna M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Metformin therapy has previously been associated with reduced abdominal aortic aneurysm growth rate in diabetic patients and shown to suppress the formation and progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm in normoglycemic mice. Here, we investigated the association between Metformin treatment and prevalence of aneurysm in the ascending aorta (AscAA).

METHODS
A total of 734 patients undergoing open-heart surgery for AscAA and/or aortic valve disease were studied. Diabetes status and medication use were self-reported by the patients in a systematic questionnaire. Aortic dilatation was defined as an aortic root or ascending aortic diameter ≥4.0 cm. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels were assessed as a measure of systemic inflammation.

RESULTS
We could confirm the inverse association between diabetes and AscAA prevalence (16% vs 43.9%, for diabetic and non-diabetic patients, respectively; Odds ratio 0.243; 95% CI, 0.129–0.460, P &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, in diabetic patients, Metformin treatment was associated with lower high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels. There was, however, no difference in the prevalence of AscAA among diabetic patients with and without Metformin treatment (16% vs 16% for treated and non-treated patients, respectively; OR 1.039; 95% CI 0.26–4.19, P = 0.957).

CONCLUSIONS
Our data do not support a protective effect of Metformin therapy in AscAA formation.

Subj collection
161, 173
Communicative data-driven learning: a two-year pilot study
Authors: Hirata Yoko , Thompson Paul 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
With the development of language corpora, linguists have been able to identify how often specific words, phrases, and expressions are used, and in which contexts. However, applications of corpora in the wider domain of language teaching have remained limited. This article presents an approach to utilizing corpora, combining principles from communicative language teaching and data-driven learning, and based on a two-year action-research-based trial of the approach with a monolingual class at a Japanese university. Beginning with learner training in their L1, students learned to analyse concordance lines and were given the opportunity to recontextualize and conceptualize any identified language patterns and features through realistic communicative activities. While challenges remain in relation to the effectiveness of learner training and the preparation of suitable concordance lines, students were found to have increased their fluency and accuracy, and to have made improvements to their speaking confidence and complexity.
Does Family Economic Strain Reduce Child Educational Achievement? A Longitudinal Assessment Using the Great Recession in Ireland
Authors: Layte Richard 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Although the association between family social position and children’s educational achievement has been repeatedly shown, evidence of what explains this association has been more elusive. We put forward two broad theories which have come to dominate the literature: the ‘family investments model’ (FIM) and the ‘family stress model’ (FSM). Using longitudinal cohort data from Growing Up in Ireland, a nationally representative cohort study of young people and propensity score methods to adjust for selection bias, we show that a family’s experience of economic strain can significantly reduce child attainment in state exams at age 15. Together, FIM and FSM measures explain between 36 per cent and 47 per cent of the effect of change in economic strain, but the variables associated with FSM explain more of the effect for economic strain than change in the variables associated with FIM. These results add to mounting evidence that psycho-social processes are at least as important, if not more important than human capital processes in explaining the effects of low resources on child health, education, and social development.
Cardiac resynchronization therapy via left bundle branch pacing vs. optimized biventricular pacing with adaptive algorithm in heart failure with left bundle branch block: a prospective, multi-centre, observational study
Authors: Chen Xueying , Ye Yang , Wang Zhongkai , Jin Qinchun , Qiu Zhaohui , Wang Jingfeng , Qin Shengmei , Bai Jin , Wang Wei , Liang Yixiu , Chen Haiyan , Sheng Xia , Gao Feng , Zhao Xianxian , Fu Guosheng , Ellenbogen Kenneth A , Su Yangang , Ge Junbo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsThe purpose of our study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) via left bundle branch pacing (LBBP-CRT) compared with optimized biventricular pacing (BVP) with adaptive algorithm (BVP-aCRT) in heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35% (HFrEF) and left bundle branch block (LBBB).Methods and resultsOne hundred patients with HFrEF and LBBB undergoing CRT were prospectively enrolled in a non-randomized fashion and divided into two groups (LBBP-CRT, n = 49; BVP-aCRT, n = 51) in four centres. Implant characteristics and echocardiographic parameters were accessed at baseline and during 6-month and 1-year follow-up. The success rate for LBBP-CRT and BVP-aCRT was 98.00% and 91.07%. Fused LBBP had the greatest reduced QRS duration compared to BVP-aCRT (126.54 ± 11.67 vs. 102.61 ± 9.66 ms, P &lt; 0.001). Higher absolute left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and △LVEF was also achieved in LBBP-CRT than BVP-aCRT at 6-month (47.58 ± 12.02% vs. 41.24 ± 10.56%, P = 0.008; 18.52 ± 13.19% vs. 12.89 ± 9.73%, P = 0.020) and 1-year follow-up (49.10 ± 10.43% vs. 43.62 ± 11.33%, P = 0.021; 20.90 ± 11.80% vs. 15.20 ± 9.98%, P = 0.015, P = 0.015). There was no significant difference in response rate between two groups while higher super-response rate was observed in LBBP-CRT as compared to BVP-aCRT at 6 months (53.06% vs. 36.59%, P = 0.016) and 12 months (61.22% vs. 39.22%, P = 0.028) during follow-up. The pacing threshold was lower in LBBP-CRT at implant and during 1-year follow-up (both P &lt; 0.001). Procedure-related complications and adverse clinical outcomes including heart failure hospitalization and mortality were not significantly different in two groups.ConclusionsThe feasibility and efficacy of LBBP-CRT demonstrated better electromechanical resynchronization and higher clinical and echocardiographic response, especially higher super-response than BVP-aCRT in HFrEF with LBBB.
EvolvedBmp6enhancer alleles drive spatial shifts in gene expression during tooth development in sticklebacks
Authors: Stepaniak Mark D. , Square Tyler A. , Miller Craig T. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMutations in enhancers have been shown to often underlie natural variation but the evolved differences in enhancer activity can be difficult to identify in vivo. Threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) are a robust system for studying enhancer evolution due to abundant natural genetic variation, a diversity of evolved phenotypes between ancestral marine and derived freshwater forms, and the tractability of transgenic techniques. Previous work identified a series of polymorphisms within an intronic enhancer of the Bone morphogenetic protein 6 (Bmp6) gene that are associated with evolved tooth gain, a derived increase in freshwater tooth number that arises late in development. Here, we use a bicistronic reporter construct containing a genetic insulator and a pair of reciprocal two-color transgenic reporter lines to compare enhancer activity of marine and freshwater alleles of this enhancer. In older fish, the two alleles drive partially overlapping expression in both mesenchyme and epithelium of developing teeth, but the freshwater enhancer drives a reduced mesenchymal domain and a larger epithelial domain relative to the marine enhancer. In younger fish, these spatial shifts in enhancer activity are less pronounced. Comparing Bmp6 expression by in situ hybridization in developing teeth of marine and freshwater fish reveals similar evolved spatial shifts in gene expression. Together, these data support a model in which the polymorphisms within this enhancer underlie evolved tooth gain by shifting the spatial expression of Bmp6 during tooth development, and provide a general strategy to identify spatial differences in enhancer activity in vivo.
Building the Cathedral of Democracy: Frankfurt’s Paulskirche in Hitler’s Shadow
Authors: Demshuk Andrew 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
After Nazi horrors disgraced German nationalism, Frankfurt’s Paulskirche became an ideal monument through which to redeem the German nation. In 1848, the first democratic German parliament convened here to debate the contours of a united, politically liberal German nation-state, only to be dispersed by reactionary forces. In 1944, the Paulskirche burned. Out of this shell, postwar politicians, intellectuals and architects fashioned a veritable ‘cathedral of democracy’ in which to celebrate the ‘better Germany’ now reborn. This article analyses formative issues at stake as the ruin was reconstructed into a sacred site for national identity after Hitler. At the same time that the Paulskirche provoked debates about whether modernist or traditional architectural styles were properly ‘democratic’ or represented an ‘authoritarian’ false path after Hitler, onlookers were disturbed that though few of the architects had been party members, most had worked for Hitler, deployed an aesthetic reminiscent of Nazism and applied tyrannical planning methods. For the greater good of ‘German democracy’, the city also confiscated the church from its Protestant congregation. Subsequent feuds about whether the Paulskirche should keep its 1948 aesthetics or be retrofitted to look as it had in 1848 served as ideological ‘events’ that once more questioned what the ‘German nation’ should represent after Hitler. At a time of overwhelming material suffering, Germans poured resources and energy into proving in physical space that Germany had a democratic past, present and future. However, debates about how that democratic tradition should architecturally manifest itself conjured shadows from the Nazi past.
Influence of the microstructure on stress-dependent P-wave anisotropy in sandstone
Authors: Shen Haimeng , Li Xiaying , Li Qi 
Published: September 2021

SUMMARY
To understand the factors that affect the stress-dependent P-wave velocity anisotropy, a method is proposed to simulate anisotropic microcracks and minerals based on the discrete element method (DEM). Laboratory triaxial tests and numerical simulations were performed on sandstone samples with bedding orientations parallel and perpendicular to the maximum principal stress. The ellipse fitting method was applied to analyse the variation in P-wave anisotropy. The micromechanism of stress-dependent P-wave anisotropy was revealed. The evolution of microcracks is the main reason for the change in P-wave anisotropy under compression. As the confining pressure increases, the magnitude of the P-wave anisotropy is reduced. The weakening of the P-wave anisotropy results from the decrease in the number of open microcracks. Under deviatoric stress loading, the P-wave anisotropy of the bedding-parallel sample in the axial direction is strengthened. Anisotropy reversal occurs in the bedding-normal sample. The microcrack behaviour depends on the direction of maximum principal stress. The variation in microcrack anisotropy induced by stress controls the evolution of P-wave velocity anisotropy. The stress at which anisotropic reversal occurs depends on the preferred orientation mineral. The DEM model offers the unique ability to directly examine the variation in microstructure anisotropy that causes the change in P-wave anisotropy.
Possible future scenarios for two major Arctic Gateways connecting Subarctic and Arctic marine systems: I. Climate and physical–chemical oceanography
Authors: Drinkwater Kenneth F , Harada Naomi , Nishino Shigeto , Chierici Melissa , Danielson Seth L , Ingvaldsen Randi B , Kristiansen Trond , Hunt George L , Mueter Franz , Stiansen Jan Erik 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe review recent trends and projected future physical and chemical changes under climate change in transition zones between Arctic and Subarctic regions with a focus on the two major inflow gateways to the Arctic, one in the Pacific (i.e. Bering Sea, Bering Strait, and the Chukchi Sea) and the other in the Atlantic (i.e. Fram Strait and the Barents Sea). Sea-ice coverage in the gateways has been disappearing during the last few decades. Projected higher air and sea temperatures in these gateways in the future will further reduce sea ice, and cause its later formation and earlier retreat. An intensification of the hydrological cycle will result in less snow, more rain, and increased river runoff. Ocean temperatures are projected to increase, leading to higher heat fluxes through the gateways. Increased upwelling at the Arctic continental shelf is expected as sea ice retreats. The pH of the water will decline as more atmospheric CO2 is absorbed. Long-term surface nutrient levels in the gateways will likely decrease due to increased stratification and reduced vertical mixing. Some effects of these environmental changes on humans in Arctic coastal communities are also presented.