bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Beneficial Effects of QIAPI 1® against Pentavalent Arsenic-Induced
Lung Toxicity: A Hypothetical Model for SARS CoV2-I nduced Lung
Toxicity
Authors: Herrera Arturo Solís , Beeraka Narasimha M. , Sinelnikov Mikhail Y. , Nikolenko Vladimir N. , Giller Dimitry B. , Solis Luis Fernando Torres , Mikhaleva Liudmila M. , Somasundaram Siva G. , Kirkland Cecil E. , Aliev Gjumrakch 
Published: April 2021

Abstract:
Exposure to environmental toxicants such as Arsenic (As) can result in As-induced alterations in immune regulators. Consequently, people who are more prone to viral infections like influenza A or B, H1N1, SARS CoV (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus), and SARS CoV2 may devel-op a susceptibility to immune responses in their lungs. Our previous reports delineated the ability of QIAPI 1®, a melanin precursor, to dissociate water molecules with simultaneous therapeutic efficacy against central nervous system (CNS) diseases, retinopathy, and As-induced renal toxicity. Considering the commonalities of lung pathology of SARS CoV and As-induced toxicity, the aim of this study is to decipher the efficacy of QIAPI 1® against pentavalent As-induced lung toxicity by examining the pul-monary pathology. Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) staining was used for ascertaining the lung pathology in Wistar rat models. Animals were divided into 3 groups: control group, group treated with pentavalent As, and a group treated with pentavalent As and QIAPI 1®. There were no significant changes in lung histopathology in the control group as indicated by intact morphology. The As-treated group revealed damage to the histoarchitecture with pulmonary edema, interstitial fibrosis, diffuse alveolar damage, Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP)-lesions, formation of hyaline membrane, multi-nucleated giant pneumocytes, atypical pneumocytes, inflammatory cell infiltration, and interstitial ede-ma. The group treated with As and QIAPI 1® significantly associated with mitigated histological signs of lung inflammation induced by Arsenic. Therefore, QIAPI 1® can be recommended as antagonistic to As-induced lung toxicity. In conclusion, this model could be preferred as a hypothetical model to examine the efficacy of QIAPI 1® in SARS CoV2-induced pulmonary damage. Future studies are warranted to delineate the efficacy of QIAPI 1® against SARS CoV and SARS CoV2 lung pathology.
Protective Effect of the Combination of Wild-Type Genotypes (G/G and G/G) of CCR2-64V and SDF1-3A' Genes in Serodiscordant Couples in Yaounde-Cameroon
Authors: Nkenfou Céline N. , Tchakounté Constantin , Nkenfou-Tchinda Carine Nguefeu , Ngoufack Marie Nicole , Yatchou Laeticia Grace , Elong Elise , kamgaing Rachel , Tiga Aline , Ambada Georgia , Kuiate Jules Roger , Ndjolo Alexis 
Published: April 2021

Background:
There is growing evidence that polymorphisms in chemokine and
chemokine receptor genes influence susceptibility to HIV infection and disease progression. However,
not much is documented about the influence of these polymorphisms in HIV serodiscordant
couples in Cameroon.

Objective:
The objective of this study therefore was to determine the prevalence and the effect of
the polymorphisms of CCR5-Δ32, CCR5 promoter 59029 A/G, CCR2-64I and SDF1-3′A gene in
HIV serodiscordant couples in comparison to HIV negative seroconcordant and HIV positive seroconcordant
couples in Yaoundé-Cameroon.

Method:
A total of 96 couples were recruited from five hospitals, of which 60 couples were HIV
serodiscordant (test group), 18 HIV negative seroconcordant and 18 HIV positive seroconcordant
couples were used as controls. Their genotypes for CCR5-Δ32, CCR5 promoter, CCR2 and SDF1
were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism.

Results:
The allelic frequencies of these genes in the studied population were: 0%, 26.30%,
15.30% and 1.62% respectively for CCR5-Δ32, CCR5 promoter, CCR2 and SDF1. The frequency
of the combination of CCR5 promoter and SDF1- (A/A+ G/G) wild-type genotype was higher in
HIV-infected partners (82.92%) compared to uninfected partners (56.1%) in HIV serodiscordant
couples (p= 0.0001). The combination of wild-type CCR2 and SDF1 genotypes (G/G + G/G) was
higher among uninfected partners (80.48%) in HIV serodiscordant couples compared to the infected
partners (60.97) (p= 0.005).

Conclusion:
HIV negative partner protection against HIV/AIDS infection may be attributed to the
combination of wild-type genotypes (G/G and G/G) of CCR2 and SDF1 genes in HIV serodiscordant
couples.
Terretonins from Aspergillus Genus: Structures, Biosynthesis, Bioactivities,
and Structural Elucidation
Authors: Ibrahim Sabrin R.M. , Mohamed Gamal A. , Kamal Hani M.K. , Mohamed Shaimaa G.A. , Khedr Amgad I.M. 
Published: April 2021

:
Fungi are considered a prosperous pool of microbial bio-metabolites. Terretonins are meroterpenoids
that are reported mainly from the Aspergillus genus. They exhibit unique tetracyclic core
skeletons and various bioactivities. The current review summarizes the published researches on the
source, biosynthesis, isolation, structural characterization, and bioactivities of terretonins that have been
reported from Aspergillus species, as well as from synthetic sources. A literature search on the published
studies was conducted over different databases, including Web of Science, MedLine (PubMed),
Scopus, SpringerLink, Google Scholar, SciFinder, Wiley, and ACS Publications up to 2020. In this
work, 18 compounds from Aspergillus species and synthetic sources are depicted. They have unrivaled
and diversified skeletons as well as various bioactivities. Moreover, 37 references are included. Terretonins
form a class of fungal bio-metabolites that attain all the characters for becoming lead compounds
in their particular therapeutic category.
Nanophotocatalysis for the Removal of Pharmaceutical Residues from
Water Bodies: State of Art and Recent Trends
Authors: Rajan Mekha Susan , John Anju , Thomas Jesty 
Published: April 2021

Background:
The occurrence of pharmaceuticals in surface and drinking water is ubiquitous
and is a major concern of researchers. These compounds cause a destructive impact on
aquatic and terrestrial life forms, and the removal of these compounds from the environment is a
challenging issue. Existent conventional wastewater treatment processes are generally inefficacious
because of their low degradation efficiency and inadequate techniques associated with the disposal
of adsorbed pollutants during comparatively effective methods like the adsorption process.

Remediation Method:
Semiconductor-mediated photocatalysis is an attractive technology for the
efficient removal of pharmaceutical compounds. Among various semiconductors, TiO2 and ZnObased
photocatalysts gained much interest during the last years because of their efficiency in decomposing
and mineralizing the lethal organic pollutants with the utilization of UV-visible light.
Incessant efforts are being undertaken for tuning the physicochemical, optical, and electronic properties
of these photocatalysts to strengthen their overall photocatalytic performance with good recycling
efficiency.

Results:
This review attempts to showcase the recent progress in the rational design and fabrication
of nanosized TiO2 and ZnO photocatalysts for the removal of pollutants derived from the pharmaceutical
industry and hospital wastes.

Conclusion:
Photocatalysis involving TiO2 and ZnO provides a positive impact on pollution management
and could be successfully applied to remove pharmaceuticals from wastewater streams.
Structure modifications, the introduction of heteroatoms, and the integration of polymers with
these nano photocatalysts offer leapfrogging opportunities for broader applications in the field of
photocatalysis.
Effects of Sambucus ebulus Extract on Cell Proliferation and Viability of Triple-
Negative Breast Cancer: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study
Authors: Omrani Vahid F. , Koochaki Ameneh , Behzad Sahar , Kia Vahid , Ghasemi Peyman , Razaviyan Javad , Moosavian Hamid Reza , Rezapour Maysam , Vasei Mohammad , Asouri Mohsen , Mohammadi-Yeganeh Samira 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 15% of all breast cancer (BC) cases
and is a severe type of BC. Since medicinal herbs containing biocompatible substances that are accepted by
patient more than chemical therapeutics, they can be considered a safe option for treating BC.

Objective:
This study evaluated the effect of Sambucus Ebulus (S. ebulus) extract on a model of TNBC.

Methods:
S. ebulus extract was prepared using petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The petroleum ether
extract was fractionated and analyzed using vacuum liquid chromatography and GC-MS, respectively. MDAMB-
231 and MCF-10A were used as TNBC and normal breast cells, respectively. Flowcytometry and MTT
assays were performed to evaluate cell cycle, apoptosis, and viability of the cells. Gene expression analysis was
performed using RT-qPCR. Nude mouse allograft tumor models were used, and pathological sections were
evaluated.

Results:
The findings indicated that S. ebulus extract remarkably decreased cell proliferation and viability. The
extract had no toxicity to the normal breast cells but efficiently killed the cancer cells. Cell cycle- and apoptosisrelated
gene expression showed that fraction 4 of S. ebulus extract significantly increased the expression of Bax,
Bak, P53, and c-MYC.

Conclusion:
This study showed satisfactory results of the effect of S. ebulus extract on clearing BC cells both in
vitro and in vivo. Thus, S. ebulus extract may be a safe herbal compound for eliminating BC cells without
toxicity to host cells.
Incidence and Management of Carfilzomib-induced Cardiovascular Toxicity; A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Latif Azka , Kapoor Vikas , Lateef Noman , Ahsan Muhammad J. , Usman Rana M. , Malik Saad U. , Ahmad Naqib , Rosko Nathaniel , Rudoni Joslyn , William Preethi , Khouri Jack , Anwer Faiz 
Published: April 2021

Background:
The ASPIRE and ENDEAVOUR trials have shown cardiovascular adverse
effects in patients treated with carfilzomib-based regimens. Therefore, we conducted this meta-
analysis of published clinical trials to identify the cumulative incidence and risk of cardiovascular
adverse effects due to carfilzomib.

Methods:
A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane library was performed,
and we identified 45 prospective trials of carfilzomib with data on 5583 patients. Among
all patients being treated with carfilzomib (N=5,583), 8.9% sustained all grade cardiotoxicity,
while 4.4% sustained high-grade cardiotoxicity. All-grade hypertension was present in 13.2%,
while the incidence of high-grade hypertension was 5.3%.

Result:
The observed incidences of all-grade heart failure, edema, and ischemia were 5.1%,
20.7%, and 4.6%, respectively. Likewise, for high-grade heart failure and edema observed incidence
was 3.2%, and 2.7%, respectively. There was no difference in the event rate of all and highgrade
cardiotoxicity between newly diagnosed multiple myeloma and relapsed/refractory (p-value
0.42 and 0.86, respectively). Likewise, we did not observe any difference in the event rate of all
and high-grade cardiotoxicity when carfilzomib was used as a single agent versus when used in
combination therapy with other agents (p-value 0.43 and 0.73, respectively).

Conclusion:
Carfilzomib is associated with a significant risk of cardiovascular toxicity and hypertension.
With the increasing utilization of carfilzomib, it is critical for primary care physicians, oncologists
and cardiologists to be aware of the risk of cardiotoxicity associated with the use of carfilzomib
to recognize and treat baseline cardiovascular risk factors in such patients.
Radiation Exposure in The Treatment of Pediatric Supracondylar Humerus Fractures: Comparison of Two Fixation Methods
Authors: Tzatzairis Themistoklis , Firth Gregory , Bijlsma Paulien , Manoukian Dimitrios , Maizen Claudia , Ramachandran Manoj 
Published: April 2021

Aim:
The study aims to determine the estimated radiation exposure of two different types of fixation (crossed vs lateral-entry K-wires) for displaced supracondylar fractures at a Major Trauma Centre in London.

Methods:
A retrospective review was performed between 2015 and 2019 in children (<16 years old) who underwent either Closed Reduction and Percutaneous Pinning (CRPP) or open reduction and K wire fixation for a displaced supracondylar fracture (Gartland II, III and IV) of the humerus.

Results:
The overall mean radiation dose and duration with crossed K-wire fixation was statistically lower when compared with two lateral K-wires. The mean radiation dose increased with increasing Gartland Grade - for Gartland Grades II, III and IV respectively.

Conclusion:
The current study showed statistically significant decreased radiation dose in crossed K-wire fixation method, compared to lateral-entry fixation. No difference was found regarding the cosmetic/functional outcome when Flynn’s criteria were applied.
Typology and Impact of YouTube Videos Posted in Response to a Student Suicide Crisis: Social Media Metrics and Content Analyses
Authors: Cheng Qijin , Lui Carrie , Ip Flora Wai Lam , Yip Paul Siu Fai 
Published: April 2021

Background
Videos relating to suicide are available on YouTube, but their characteristics and impacts have seldom been examined.

Objective
This study aimed to examine YouTube videos posted in response to a sudden spate of student suicides in Hong Kong during the 2015-2016 school year and evaluate the impacts of those videos.

Methods
Keyword search was performed on YouTube, and relevant videos were identified. Video typology was examined through content analysis, specifically grouping the videos by who uploaded the videos, what presentation formats were used in the videos, whether the videos were originally created by the uploaders, and whether the videos disclosed the uploaders’ personal experiences with suicide. Impacts of the videos were assessed in terms of reach (measured by view count), engagement (measured by comment count), and insights (measured as to what extent the comments to each video could reveal personal suicide risk and attitude toward help-seeking). Statistical analysis was conducted to compare the impacts of different types of videos. The 7 most impactful videos that were originally created by the YouTubers were selected for further analysis. They were compared with 7 videos uploaded by the same YouTubers right before the student suicide videos and 7 right after the student suicide videos. The comparison focused on their impacts and the network structure of the comments to those videos.

Results
A total of 162 relevant YouTube videos were identified. They were uploaded by 7 types of stakeholders, and the most common format was one person talking to the camera. A total of 87.0% (141/162) of the videos were originally created by the uploaders and only 8.0% (13/162) of the videos disclosed uploader personal experiences with suicide. The uploader profiles being popular or top YouTubers and the video containing disclosure of the uploader’s personal experiences were found to be significantly correlated with greater impacts (P<.001). Focusing on the 7 most impactful original videos, it is found that those videos generated more engagement, especially more interactions between the viewers, and more insights than regular videos uploaded by the same YouTubers.

Conclusions
When responding to a youth suicide crisis, videos made by key opinion leaders on YouTube sharing their own experiences of overcoming suicide risks could generate significant positive impacts. These types of videos offer a precious opportunity to craft online campaigns and activities to raise suicide prevention awareness and engage vulnerable youth.
Integrating Patient Data Into Skin Cancer Classification Using Convolutional Neural Networks: Systematic Review
Authors: Höhn Julia , Hekler Achim , Krieghoff-Henning Eva , Kather Jakob Nikolas , Utikal Jochen Sven , Meier Friedegund , Gellrich Frank Friedrich , Hauschild Axel , French Lars , Schlager Justin Gabriel , Ghoreschi Kamran , Wilhelm Tabea , Kutzner Heinz , Heppt Markus , Haferkamp Sebastian , Sondermann Wiebke , Schadendorf Dirk , Schilling Bastian , Maron Roman C , Schmitt Max , Jutzi Tanja , Fröhling Stefan , Lipka Daniel B , Brinker Titus Josef 
Published: April 2021

Background
Recent years have been witnessing a substantial improvement in the accuracy of skin cancer classification using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). CNNs perform on par with or better than dermatologists with respect to the classification tasks of single images. However, in clinical practice, dermatologists also use other patient data beyond the visual aspects present in a digitized image, further increasing their diagnostic accuracy. Several pilot studies have recently investigated the effects of integrating different subtypes of patient data into CNN-based skin cancer classifiers.

Objective
This systematic review focuses on the current research investigating the impact of merging information from image features and patient data on the performance of CNN-based skin cancer image classification. This study aims to explore the potential in this field of research by evaluating the types of patient data used, the ways in which the nonimage data are encoded and merged with the image features, and the impact of the integration on the classifier performance.

Methods
Google Scholar, PubMed, MEDLINE, and ScienceDirect were screened for peer-reviewed studies published in English that dealt with the integration of patient data within a CNN-based skin cancer classification. The search terms skin cancer classification, convolutional neural network(s), deep learning, lesions, melanoma, metadata, clinical information, and patient data were combined.

Results
A total of 11 publications fulfilled the inclusion criteria. All of them reported an overall improvement in different skin lesion classification tasks with patient data integration. The most commonly used patient data were age, sex, and lesion location. The patient data were mostly one-hot encoded. There were differences in the complexity that the encoded patient data were processed with regarding deep learning methods before and after fusing them with the image features for a combined classifier.

Conclusions
This study indicates the potential benefits of integrating patient data into CNN-based diagnostic algorithms. However, how exactly the individual patient data enhance classification performance, especially in the case of multiclass classification problems, is still unclear. Moreover, a substantial fraction of patient data used by dermatologists remains to be analyzed in the context of CNN-based skin cancer classification. Further exploratory analyses in this promising field may optimize patient data integration into CNN-based skin cancer diagnostics for patients’ benefits.
A Provider-Facing eHealth Tool for Transitioning Youth With Special Health Care Needs From Pediatric to Adult Care: Mixed Methods, User-Engaged Usability Study
Authors: McMaughan Darcy Jones , Lin Sherry , Ozmetin Jennifer , Beverly Judith Gayle , Brog Joshua , Naiser Emily 
Published: April 2021

Background
There is a need for medical education on health care transitions for youth with special health care needs. The Texas Transition Toolkit (the tool) supports providers through a one-stop shop for researching literature on care transitions, a catalog of care transition tools, and guides for developing care transition programs.

Objective
This study aims to assess the functionality and usability of the tool with providers working with transition-aged children and youth with special health care needs (representative users).

Methods
The tool was evaluated using a triangulated mixed methods case study approach consisting of a concurrent think-aloud phase, a satisfaction survey, and a survey of problem relevance and task performance to operationalize and capture functionality and usability. Our mixed methods deep dive into the functionality and usability of the tool focused on 10 representative users from one medical home in Texas and 5 website design experts.

Results
Representative users found the tool to be highly relevant, as demonstrated by the satisfaction score for relevance (138/150, 92%). According to the users, the tool provided comprehensive information related to health care transitions for youth with special health care needs, with a satisfaction score of 87.3% (131/150) for comprehensive. Overall satisfaction with the tool was high at 81.92% (1065/1300) with a cutoff score of 73.33% (953.4/1300) indicating high satisfaction, but users reported relatively lower satisfaction with search (114/150, 76%) and navigation (ease of use: 114/150, 76%; hyperlinks: 163/200, 81.5%; structure: 159/200, 79.5%). They experienced search- and navigation-related problems (total problems detected: 21/31, 68%) and, based on quality checks, had a relatively low task completion rate for tasks involving finding information (60/80, 75%), which required searching and navigation. The problems identified around search and navigation functionality were relevant (relevance scores ranging from 14.5 to 22, with a cutoff score of 11.7 indicating relevance).

Conclusions
The tool may help bridge the gaps in training on health care transitions for youth with special health care needs in US medical education. The tool can be used to create structured protocols to help improve provider knowledge, collaboration across pediatric and adult care providers, and the continuity of care as youth with special health care needs transition from pediatric to adult care. The results provided a road map for optimizing the tool and highlighted the importance of evaluating eHealth technologies with representative users.