bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Idiopathic chronic diarrhea in rhesus macaques is not associated with enteric viral infections
Authors: Delwart Eric , Tisza Michael J. , Altan Eda , Li Yanpeng , Deng Xutao , Hartigan-O’Connor J. Dennis , Ardeshir Amir 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhile recent changes in treatment have reduced the lethality of idiopathic chronic diarrhea (ICD), this condition remains one of the most common causes of rhesus macaque deaths in non-human primate research centers. We compared the eukaryotic viromes in fecal swabs from 52 animals with ICD and 41 healthy animals. Viral metagenomics targeting virus-like particles was used to identify viruses shed by each animal. Five viruses belonging to the Picornaviridae, one to the Caliciviridae, one to the Parvoviridae, and one to the Adenoviridae families were identified. The fraction of reads matching each viral species was then used to estimate and compare viral loads in ICD cases versus healthy controls. None of the eukaryotic viruses detected in fecal swabs were strongly associated with ICD. Other potential causes of ICD are discussed.
Natural infection of SARS-CoV-2 delta variant in Asiatic lions (Panthera leo persica) in India
Authors: Mishra Anamika , Kumar Naveen , Bhatia Sandeep , Aasdev Ashutosh , Kanniappan Sridhar , Thayasekhar A. , Gopinadhan Aparna , Silambarasan R. , Sreekumar C. , Dubey Chandan Kumar , Tripathi Meghna , Raut Ashwin Ashok , Singh Vijendra Pal 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn May 2021, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was detected in nine Asiatic lions (Panthera leo persica) in Arignar Anna Zoological Park, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed that the SARS-CoV-2 viruses belong to a variant of concern (VOC, delta variant, B.1.617.2 lineage) and that these viruses clustered with B.1.617.2 lineage viruses of the same geographical region detected in the same month.
Protein flexibility and dissociation pathway differentiation can explain onset of resistance mutations in kinases
Authors: Shekhar Mrinal , Smith Zachary , Seeliger Markus , Tiwary Pratyush 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnderstanding how point mutations can render a ligand or a drug ineffective against a given biological target is a problem of immense fundamental and practical relevance. Often the efficacy of such resistance mutations can be explained purely on a thermo-dynamic basis wherein the mutated system displays a reduced binding affinity for the ligand. However, the more perplexing and harder to explain situation is when two protein sequences have the same binding affinity for a drug. In this work, we demonstrate how all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, specifically using recent developments grounded in statistical mechanics and information theory, can provide a detailed mechanistic rationale for such variances. We establish the dissociation mechanism for the popular anti-cancer drug Imatinib (Gleevec) against wild-type and N387S mutant of Abl kinase. We show how this single point mutation triggers a non-local response in the protein’s flexibility and eventually leads to pathway differentiation during dissociation. This pathway differentiation explains why Gleevec has a long residence time in the wild-type Abl, but for the mutant, by opening up a backdoor pathway for ligand exit, an order of magnitude shorter residence time is obtained. We thus believe that this work marks an efficient and scalable approach to pinpoint the molecular determinants of resistance mutations in biomolecular receptors of pharmacological relevance that are hard to explain using a simple structural perspective and require mechanistic and kinetic insights.Significance statementRelapse in late-stage cancer patients is often correlated with the onset of drug resistance mutations. Some of these mutations are very far from the binding site and thus hard to explain from a purely structural perspective. Here we employ all-atom molecular dynamics simulations aided by ideas from information theory that can reach timescales of seconds with minimal human bias in how the sampling is enhanced. Through these we explain how a single point mutation triggers a non-local response in the protein kinase’s flexibility and eventually leads to pathway differentiation during dissociation, thereby significantly reducing the residence time of the drug.
Benchmarking ideal sample thickness in cryo-EM using MicroED
Authors: Martynowycz Michael W. , Clabbers Max T.B. , Unge Johan , Hattne Johan , Gonen Tamir 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe relationship between sample thickness and quality of data obtained by microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED) is investigated. Several EM grids containing proteinase K microcrystals of similar sizes from the same crystallization batch were prepared. Each grid was transferred into a focused ion-beam scanning electron microscope (FIB/SEM) where the crystals were then systematically thinned into lamellae between 95 nm and 1650 nm thick. MicroED data were collected at either 120, 200, or 300 kV accelerating voltages. Lamellae thicknesses were converted to multiples of the calculated inelastic mean free path (MFP) of electrons at each accelerating voltage to allow the results to be compared on a common scale. The quality of the data and subsequently determined structures were assessed using standard crystallographic measures. Structures were reliably determined from crystalline lamellae only up to twice the inelastic mean free path. Lower resolution diffraction was observed at three times the mean free path for all three accelerating voltages but the quality was insufficient to yield structures. No diffraction data were observed from lamellae thicker than four times the calculated inelastic mean free path. The quality of the determined structures and crystallographic statistics were similar for all lamellae up to 2x the inelastic mean free path in thickness, but quickly deteriorated at greater thicknesses. This study provides a benchmark with respect to the ideal limit for biological specimen thickness with implications for all cryo-EM methods.SignificanceA systematic investigation of the effects of thickness on electron scattering from protein crystals was previously not feasible, because there was no accurate method to control sample thickness. Here, the recently developed methods for preparing protein crystals into lamellae of precise thickness by ion-beam milling are used to investigate the effects of increasing sample thickness on MicroED data quality. These experiments were conducted using the three most common accelerating voltages in cryo-EM. Data across these accelerating voltages and thicknesses were compared on a common scale using their calculated inelastic mean free path lengths. It is found that structures may accurately be determined from crystals up to twice the inelastic mean free path length in thickness, regardless of the acceleration voltage.
The pore conformation of lymphocyte perforin
Authors: Ivanova ME , Lukoyanova N , Malhotra S , Topf M , Trapani JA , Voskoboinik I , Saibil HR 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPerforin is a pore-forming protein that facilitates rapid killing of pathogen-infected or cancerous cells by the immune system. Perforin is released from cytotoxic lymphocytes, together with pro-apoptotic granzymes, to bind to the plasma membrane of the target cell where it oligomerises and forms pores. The pores allow granzyme entry, which rapidly triggers the apoptotic death of the target cell. Here we present a 4 Å resolution cryo-EM structure of the perforin pore, revealing new inter- and intra-molecular interactions stabilising the pore. During assembly and pore formation, the helix-turn-helix motif at the bend in the central β-sheet moves away from the bend to form an intermolecular contact. Cryo-electron tomography shows that prepores form on the membrane surface with minimal conformational changes. Our findings suggest the sequence of conformational changes underlying oligomerisation and membrane insertion, and explain how several pathogenic mutations affect function.
Case study of sustainable service design in the hospitality industry
Authors: Chen Yi-An , Chen Chun Liang 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explore how creative-cultural hotels can achieve sustainable service design through the development of a holistic conceptual framework.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors created this framework using a qualitative exploratory multi-case study of four creative-cultural hotels in Taiwan. The framework comprises strategic, organizational and interface levels to describe the design process and implementation of service offerings that co-create value within a multifaceted network of actors.

Findings
The findings of this study show that incorporating local arts and culture into sustainable service design can generate unique value and experiences for customers. From the perspective of sustainable development, these hotels seek to add value by using local creative and cultural resources to ensure that they have a sound commercial base from which to showcase their cultural features. As such, this study recommends that the hotel industry shift its focus to a paradigm that provides a strategic and sustainability-framed vision to create value for society while protecting local natural and cultural resources.

Originality/value
This multilevel model reframes the development of customer value constellations through a holistic understanding of user experience, eco-design practice, service encounters aligned with user touchpoints and front-line employee capabilities. To integrate the perspectives of both service providers and their customers, the proposed model embeds these stakeholders within a single model through the vehicle of local value co-creation. This holistic framework can assist in designing sustainable service within the hospitality industry to deliver better services and customer experiences. The findings provide an illustration of how the proposed multilevel sustainable-development-oriented service design framework can serve as a useful tool in guiding hotels toward corporate sustainability.
Determinants and implications of travel motivations: international travellers visiting Cappadocia
Authors: Seyitoğlu Faruk , Davras Özgür 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the determinants and implications of travel motivations of international tourists visiting the Cappadocia destination.

Design/methodology/approach
The quantitative research method focusing on numerical data was used to test the proposed hypotheses, and the survey technique has been used to collect data. The research participants consisted of 363 international tourists visiting the Cappadocia region/Turkey and spending at least one night there. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed using the AMOS 22 package program to ensure the scales’ construct validity. Then, the structural equation model was established to test the study’s hypothesis, and these hypotheses were tested with the help of path analysis.

Findings
As determinants of travel motivations, while electronic word of mouth (eWOM) has a positive effect on travel motivation dimensions, the impact of travel risk perception is negative. Moreover, from the dimensions of travel motivations, novelty/learning and socialization positively affect destination loyalty. However, the influences of escape and relaxation and self-development are meaningless. Besides that, travel risk perception strongly impacts eWOM.

Practical implications
Destination managers and practitioners must maintain a higher level of tourist motivation and reduce tourists’ travel risk perception levels to improve destination competitiveness by constituting a more loyal customer profile. Moreover, eWOM platforms should be used efficiently.

Originality/value
This study points to a functional multidimensional model that contributes to the literature and guides destination managers and practitioners. The proposed framework of determinants and consequences of tourists’ travel motivation can also be applied in other service contexts.
Efficacy of LDL apheresis for the treatment of cholesterol crystal embolism: A prospective, controlled study
Authors: Ishiyama Katsuya , Sato Toshinobu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of LDL apheresis (LDL‐A) for the treatment of cholesterol crystal embolism (CCE) after cardiovascular procedures. We conducted a prospective multicenter study of 34 patients with CCE and 15 historical control patients. The present participants underwent six sessions of LDL‐A for 4 weeks and underwent medical therapy with corticosteroids and statins. The mean creatinine concentration and estimated glomerular filtration rate at baseline were 3.82 ± 2.29 mg/dL and 17.8 ± 9.9 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. The prevalence of maintenance dialysis at 24 weeks was significantly lower in the present participants than in the historical controls (3.1% vs. 40.0%, respectively; p < 0.0001), but the mortality rate at 24 weeks was comparable (19% vs. 33%, respectively). Although 45 adverse events occurred in 23 participants, there were no unexpected adverse events. LDL‐A for CCE reduces the prevalence of maintenance dialysis 24 weeks later and is well tolerated. This study was registered in the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCTs022180029) and clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01726868).
Epistatic interactions between pterin and carotenoid genes modulate intra‐morph color variation in a lizard
Authors: AGUILAR Prem , ANDRADE Pedro , PÉREZ I DE LANUZA Guillem 
Published: July 2021

AbstractColor polymorphisms have become a major topic in evolutionary biology and substantial efforts have been devoted to the understanding of the mechanisms responsible for originating such colorful systems. Within‐morph continuous variation, on the other hand, has been neglected in most of the studies. Here, we combine spectrophotometric/visual modeling and genetic data to study the mechanisms promoting continuous variation within categorical color morphs of Podarcis muralis. Our results suggest that intra‐morph variability in the pterin‐based orange morph is greater compared to white and yellow morphs. We also show that continuous variation within the orange morph is partially discriminable by conspecifics. Genotyping results indicate that allelic variants at the BCO2 locus (responsible for deposition of yellow carotenoids) contribute to generate continuous variation in orange individuals. However, other intrinsic and/or extrinsic mechanisms, such as body size, might be involved, opening a new avenue for future research on the drivers of continuous variation within‐morphs.
The impact of technological change on new trade: Evidence from the container revolution
Authors: Bernhofen Daniel M. , El‐Sahli Zouheir , Kneller Richard 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe estimate the impact of the container revolution on new trade in temperature‐sensitive products. Our identification strategy is justified by a historical narrative suggesting that the containerization of bilateral trading routes was exogenous to the occurrence of new trade in temperature‐sensitive products because their small trade volumes made them inconsequential for the adoption of the container technology. Employing product‐level data on containerizability, our benchmark estimates imply that containerization caused an increase in the likelihood of new trade in temperature‐sensitive products in the orders of 2.4% between 1964 and 1973 and 7.5% between 1964 and 1983.
Everolimus‐facilitated calcineurin inhibitor reduction in Asian de novo kidney transplant recipients: 2‐year results from the subgroup analysis of the TRANSFORM study
Authors: Watarai Yoshihiko , Danguilan Romina , Casasola Concesa , Chang Shen‐Shin , Ruangkanchanasetr Prajej , Kee Terence , Wong Hin Seng , Kenmochi Takashi , Amante Angel Joaquin , Shu Kuo‐Hsiung , Ingsathit Atiporn , Bernhardt Peter , Hernandez‐Gutierrez Maria Pilar , Han Duck Jong , Kim Myoung Soo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe analyzed the efficacy and safety of an everolimus with reduced‐exposure calcineurin inhibitor (EVR+rCNI) versus mycophenolic acid with standard‐exposure CNI (MPA+sCNI) regimen in Asian patients from the TRANSFORM study.MethodsIn this 24‐month, open‐label study, de novo kidney transplant recipients (KTxRs) were randomized (1:1) to receive EVR+rCNI or MPA+sCNI, along with induction therapy and corticosteroids.ResultsOf the 2037 patients randomized in the TRANSFORM study, 293 were Asian (EVR+rCNI, N = 136; MPA+sCNI, N = 157). At month 24, EVR+rCNI was noninferior to MPA+sCNI for the binary endpoint of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 50 ml/min/1.73 m2 or treated biopsy‐proven acute rejection (27.0% vs. 29.2%, P = .011 for a noninferiority margin of 10%). Graft loss and death were reported for one patient each in both arms. Mean eGFR was higher in EVR+rCNI versus MPA+sCNI (72.2 vs. 66.3 ml/min/1.73 m2, P = .0414) even after adjusting for donor type and donor age (64.3 vs. 59.3 ml/min/1.73 m2, P = .0582). Overall incidence of adverse events was comparable. BK virus (4.4% vs. 12.1%) and cytomegalovirus (4.4% vs. 13.4%) infections were significantly lower in the EVR+rCNI arm.ConclusionThis subgroup analysis in Asian de novo KTxRs demonstrated that the EVR+rCNI versus MPA+sCNI regimen provides comparable antirejection efficacy, better renal function, and reduced viral infections (NCT01950819).
A meta‐analysis of carbon content and stocks in Technosols and identification of the main governing factors
Authors: Allory Victor , Séré Geoffroy , Ouvrard Stéphanie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTechnosols, which are soils strongly impacted by human activity, are becoming increasingly common. To date, there has been little study of the share of the global soil carbon budget made up of carbon in Technosols or the contribution of Technosols to climate mitigation. A meta‐analysis is proposed based on the analysis of 130 articles and consisting of the extraction of 953 observations on soil organic carbon (SOC) content of Technosols and related factors (e.g., climate, land use, nitrogen and bulk density). The mean SOC content of Technosols is 4.3% and SOC stock is 73.2 t C ha−1 for the 0–30‐cm layer. The SOC content does not decrease significantly with depth and it shows high variability, even within the same depth layers. Climate has a significant effect on SOC content, especially in the upper soil layer. Land use (mainly urban, mining or industrial) shows a significant effect when considering all depths and is related to the nature of the constitutive artefacts. Unlike natural and agricultural soils, no correlation is observed with the depth nor the nature and presence of vegetation. This meta‐analysis highlights the strong originality and diversity of Technosols, compared to other soils. Compared to other existing Reference Soil Groups, they are undoubtedly among the soils with the highest carbon stocks per unit area in the pedosphere.Highlights
Technosols appear to be among the soils with the largest organic carbon stocks
Mean value of soil organic carbon content in Technosols is 4.3%
As for natural soils, the soil organic carbon in Technosols is influenced by climate
Artefacts appear to be a major driver of organic carbon in Technosols
COVID‐19: empleo e ingresos en América Latina frente a una crisis sin precedentes
Authors: BECCARIA Luis , BERTRANOU Fabio , MAURIZIO Roxana 
Published: July 2021

ResumenAmérica Latina experimentó durante 2020 una crisis laboral sin precedentes como consecuencia de la pandemia por COVID‐19. Este artículo analiza los impactos de la pandemia sobre la dinámica del empleo y los ingresos, así como las políticas implementadas por los países de la región. Se observa una drástica contracción del empleo, de las horas trabajadas y de los ingresos como consecuencia de la fuerte reducción del nivel de actividad económica. Estos impactos han sido desigualadores y el sendero de recuperación está siendo acompañado de una amplificación de brechas laborales y de ingresos entre los diferentes grupos de población.
Room‐temperature multiferroicity in NiFe2O4 and its magnetoelectric coupling intensified through defect engineering
Authors: Cho Jae‐Hyeon , Cho Seongwoo , Lee Jun Han , Palneedi Haribabu , Lee Ju‐Hyeon , Kim Hwang‐Pill , Lee Nyun Jong , Tigunta Siriporn , Pojprapai Soodkhet , Kim Sanghoon , Ryu Jungho , Oh Yoon Seok , Hong Seungbum , Jo Wook 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe well‐known ferromagnetic oxide, NiFe2O4, was studied as a potential candidate for room‐temperature Type II magnetoelectrics. A spin canting as one of the essential requirements for Type II multiferroics was induced by breaking the stoichiometry, that is, intentionally subtracting Fe ions. We observed that Fe ions were first subtracted exclusively from the tetrahedral sites, leading to an increase in the magnetoelectric coupling owing to an increasing degree of spin canting. The enhancement in the magnetoelectric coupling culminated beyond the subtraction level of ~30 at.%, at which Fe ions started to be removed from the octahedral sites. Alongside, we observed that the subtraction of Fe ions gives rise to a ferroelectricity due to the formation of defect complexes that establish an internal bias field.
The effects of hepatitis B virus infection on natural and IVF pregnancy: A meta‐analysis study
Authors: Farsimadan Marziye , Riahi Seyed Mohammad , Muhammad Huda Muhaddien , Emamvirdizadeh Alireza , Tabasi Mohsen , Motamedifar Mohammad , Roviello Giandomenico 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundHepatitis B virus (HBV) has been considered a significant cause of human reproductive failure in different studies; however, there is a considerable disagreement on the true impacts of HBV on female reproduction. This study has evaluated the impact of HBV infection on pregnancy complications in natural pregnancy and also on pregnancy outcomes in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment.MethodWe searched Embase, Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar databases to identify the potentially relevant studies. Summary odds ratio (OR) or standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was applied to assess the relationship. Heterogeneity testing, sensitivity analysis and publication bias testing were also performed.ResultsA total of 42 studies concerning the effect of HBV infection on the natural and IVF pregnancy were included in this study. Our meta‐analysis results revealed that HBV infection had a positive correlation to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) [OR = 1.32 (1.17–1.48) (p < 0.01)] and preterm birth [OR = 1.26 (1.14–1.40) (p < 0.01)] in natural pregnancy; however, HBV infection was not significantly associated with decreased fertility rates among the patients who underwent IVF.ConclusionThis study revealed a strong association of GDM and preterm birth with higher rates of HBV infection in pregnant women. Also, our results suggested that HBV infection in patients undergoing IVF may not negatively influence the pregnancy outcome. It may be rational to conclude that IVF might be rather a safe and effective method for HBV+ females who desire to have children.