bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Genetic Population Structure of Lake Tanganyika’sLatesSpecies Flock, an Endemic Radiation of Pelagic Top Predators
Authors: Rick Jessica A , Junker Julian , Kimirei Ismael A , Sweke Emmanuel A , Mosille Julieth B , Dinkel Christian , Mwaiko Salome , Seehausen Ole , Wagner Catherine E 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUnderstanding genetic connectivity plays a crucial role in species conservation decisions, and genetic connectivity is an important component of modern fisheries management. In this study, we investigated the population genetics of four endemic Lates species of Lake Tanganyika (Lates stappersii, L. microlepis, L. mariae, and L. angustifrons) using reduced-representation genomic sequencing methods. We find the four species to be strongly differentiated from one another (mean interspecific FST = 0.665), with no evidence for contemporary admixture. We also find evidence for strong genetic structure within L. mariae, with the majority of individuals from the most southern sampling site forming a genetic group that is distinct from the individuals at other sampling sites. We find evidence for much weaker structure within the other three species (L. stappersii, L. microlepis, and L. angustifrons). Our ability to detect this weak structure despite small and unbalanced sample sizes and imprecise geographic sampling locations suggests the possibility for further structure undetected in our study. We call for further research into the origins of the genetic differentiation in these four species—particularly that of L. mariae—which may be important for conservation and management of this culturally and economically important clade of fishes.
Interpretation in Police Stations: Lawyers’ Perspectives on Rights and Realities
Authors: Conway Vicky , Daly Yvonne , McEvoy Gearóidín 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLimited attention has been paid to the realization of the right to interpretation in the police station. What has been done often focuses on the police or the interpreter experience. We seek to address this lacuna by focusing on the extent to which the right to interpretation is realized in Ireland. We start by outlining the nature of the right at international and European levels, and exploring the reasons why the right is so important. We consider how this has been implemented in Ireland, and note how even on paper there are significant, fundamental concerns as to how the effectiveness of the right is achieved. We then present findings from semi-structured interviews with over 40 criminal defence solicitors in Ireland, with experience of attending police interviews. The findings show that solicitors have concerns about the process of securing interpreters, the quality of the work, their independence, their understanding of their role, the overall impact on the process and the urgent need for training. It is abundantly clear that the right cannot be effectively realized under the current system in Ireland, despite the Directive on Interpretation being in effect there. Further, we note that solicitors are often uncertain and unclear on the extent of the right and what they can ask for. This means that those who are defending the rights of the detainee are unlikely to challenge breaches as they occur. The right to interpretation is clearly deeply neglected and ineffective in Ireland.
Review of Mallika Kaur’s Faith, Gender, and Activism in the Punjab Conflict: The Wheat Fields Still Whisper
Authors: Malhotra Khushdeep Kaur 
Published: November 2021

Summary
This manuscript reviews Dr Mallika Kaur’s powerful book which brings to light the stories of people who despite grave personal harms, continued to resist the Indian state’s violent response to Punjab’s armed insurgency in the 80s and 90s. Their meticulous documentation of the state’s many excesses, preservation of ‘forgotten’ histories and determination to take on a powerful state even as it hunted them down, has made it possible to not only counter India’s narrative of ‘terror’ in Punjab, but bring the state to justice. In recovering the stories of Punjab’s human rights defenders, and ordinary citizens who did extraordinary things, Kaur has not only enabled them to be preserved for posterity but also contributed perhaps one of the most important and overlooked chapters to Punjab’s history. But for her work, our understanding would remain bound by convenient narratives of Punjab and its conflict as a battle confined between the state and armed ‘rebels’; when in fact it spilled into the everyday lives of ordinary citizens who became the state’s unsuspecting targets and paid the price for its misadventures. The writing is brave not only for the stories it narrates, but because Kaur’s refreshingly honest and direct voice makes it clear why the personal is political, and why silence is not an option in an increasingly unjust world.
A Statistical Test for Legal Interpretation: Theory and Applications
Authors: Nyarko Julian , Sanga Sarath 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany questions of legal interpretation hinge on whether two groups of people assign different meanings to the same word. For example: Do 18th- and 21st-century English speakers assign the same meaning to commerce? Do judges and laypersons agree on what makes conduct reasonable? We propose a new statistical test to answer such questions. In three applications, we use our test to (1) quantify differences in the meanings of specialized words from civil procedure, (2) identify statistically significant differences between judges and laypersons’ understandings of reasonable and consent, and (3) assess differences across various effort standards in commercial contracts (phrases like best effort and good faith effort). Our approach may be readily applied outside the law to quantify semantic disagreements between or within groups. (JEL C10, C12, C55, K12, K41).
Linac-based stereotactic radiosurgery and fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy with a micro-multileaf collimator for brain metastasis in the primary motor cortex
Authors: Matsuda Ryosuke , Hasegawa Masatoshi , Tamamoto Tetsuro , Ochi Tomoko , Miyasaka Toshiteru , Inooka Nobuyoshi , Hontsu Shigeto , Miura Sachiko , Takeshima Yasuhiro , Tamura Kentaro , Yamada Shuichi , Nishimura Fumihiko , Nakagawa Ichiro , Motoyama Yasushi , Park Young-Soo , Nakase Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to assess the clinical outcomes of linear accelerators (linac)-based, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (fSRT) with a micro-multileaf collimator for brain metastasis in the primary motor cortex (BMPMC). Thirty-five consecutive patients with BMPMC who were treated by linac-based SRS or fSRT between January 2012 and March 2020 were analyzed. BMPMC was defined as a tumor located in the precentral gyrus on gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and T2-weghted imaging (T2WI). In total, 35 patients with 37 metastases were analyzed. The median follow-up time was 13 (range: 1–97) months. The tumor volume was 0.05–26.5 (median: 0.62) cm3. All patients were treated with SRS or fSRT using 35 Gy with 7 Gy per fraction daily. The median survival time (MST) was 16.9 months. The pretreatment KPS and RPA class significantly differed in terms of MST on the log-rank tests. Seven symptomatic patients had hemiparesis before SRS or fSRT. All symptomatic patients, except one with facial paresis and one who died within 3 months, experienced improvement at a 3 month follow-up. None of the patients presented with persistent radiation injury at the final follow-up. Two patients presented with grade 3 radiation-related central nervous system necrosis, which was assessed using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0. In BMPMC, SRS and fSRT had good tumor control and did not cause serious complications. Therefore, they are suitable treatment options with an acceptable safety profile.
B.1.1.7 Variant Outbreak in an Air Force Military Base—Real-World Data
Authors: Nitecki Maya , Savitsky Bella , Akavian Inbal , Yakhin Alexey , Narkiss Tamar , Michael Yossi Ben , Shapira Shachar , Friedensohn Limor 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective
To assess the clinical features and infectivity of variant B.1.1.7 among healthy young adults in a military setting.

Materials and Methods
Positive cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a single military base (March 23, 2020 and February 16, 2021) were included. An epidemiological investigation conducted via phone included questions regarding symptoms, exposure history, smoking status, list of contacts, and recently visited places. Symptoms surveyed included fever, cough, shortness of breath, sore throat, loss of smell or taste, gastrointestinal symptoms (GI), headache, chest pain, and constitutional symptoms. Cases were divided before B.1.1.7 first reported case in Israel (December 23, 2020) (period 1) and after its identification (period 2). Symptom distribution and the risk of a contact to be infected were compared between the periods, using a chi-square test, and a negative binominal regression model, respectively.

Results
Of 293 confirmed cases, 89 were reported in the first period and 204 in the second. 56.0% were men with a median age of 19.5 years (interquartile range 18.6-20.5). GI symptoms, loss of taste or smell, headache, fever, and chills were more prevalent in the first period (P &lt; .001, P = .026, P = .034, P = .001, and P &lt; .001, respectively), while fatigue was more common in the second period (P = .008). The risk of a contact to be infected was three times higher in the second period (relative risk  = 3.562 [2.414-5.258]).

Conclusion
An outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in young healthy adults, during a period with high national-wide B.1.1.7 variant prevalence, is characterized by decreased prevalence of fever, loss of taste or smell and GI symptoms, increased reports of fatigue, and more infected contacts for each index case.
Vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase HVP10 enhances salt tolerance via promoting Na+ translocation into root vacuoles
Authors: Fu Liangbo , Wu Dezhi , Zhang Xincheng , Xu Yunfeng , Kuang Liuhui , Cai Shengguan , Zhang Guoping , Shen Qiufang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Vacuolar H+-pumping pyrophosphatases (VPs) provide a proton gradient for Na+ sequestration in the tonoplast; however, the regulatory mechanisms of VPs in developing salt tolerance have not been fully elucidated. Here, we cloned a barley (Hordeum vulgare) VP gene (HVP10) that was identified previously as the HvNax3 gene. Homology analysis showed VP10 in plants had conserved structure and sequence and likely originated from the ancestors of the Ceramiales order of Rhodophyta (Cyanidioschyzon merolae). HVP10 was mainly expressed in roots and upregulated in response to salt stress. After salt treatment for 3 weeks, HVP10 knockdown (RNA interference) and knockout (CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing) barley plants showed greatly inhibited growth and higher shoot Na+ concentration, Na+ transportation rate and xylem Na+ loading relative to wild-type (WT) plants. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and microelectronic Ion Flux Estimation results indicated that HVP10 likely modulates Na+ sequestration into the root vacuole by acting synergistically with Na+/H+ antiporters (HvNHX1 and HvNHX4) to enhance H+ efflux and K+ maintenance in roots. Moreover, transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) lines overexpressing HVP10 also showed higher salt tolerance than the WT at both seedling and adult stages with less Na+ translocation to shoots and higher grain yields under salt stress. This study reveals the molecular mechanism of HVP10 underlying salt tolerance and highlights its potential in improving crop salt tolerance.
On The Classification Of Certain 1-Connected 7-Manifolds And Related Problems
Authors: Wang Xueqi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We study the classification of closed, smooth, spin, 1-connected 7-manifolds whose integral cohomology ring is isomorphic to $H^*(\mathbb{C}P^2\times S^3)$. We also prove that if the integral cohomology ring of a closed, smooth, spin, 1-connected 7-manifold is isomorphic to $H^*(\mathbb{C}P^2\times S^3)$ or $H^*(S^2\times S^5)$, this 7-manifold admits a Riemannian metric with positive Ricci curvature.
Averages of the Möbius Function on Shifted Primes
Authors: Lichtman Jared Duker 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
It is a folklore conjecture that the Möbius function exhibits cancellation on shifted primes; that is, $\sum_{p{\,\leqslant} X}\mu(p+h) \ = \ o(\pi(X))$ as $X\to\infty$ for any fixed shift h &gt; 0. This appears in print at least since Hildebrand in 1989. We prove the conjecture on average for shifts $h{\,\leqslant} H$, provided $\log H/\log\log X\to\infty$. We also obtain results for shifts of prime k-tuples, and for higher correlations of Möbius with von Mangoldt and divisor functions. Our argument combines sieve methods with a refinement of Matomäki, Radziwiłł and Tao’s work on an averaged form of Chowla’s conjecture.
P029 Assessment of diagnosis delay during enthesitis related arthritis
Authors: Bettaieb Hiba , Ferjani Hanene , Ben Nessib Dorra , Triki Wafa , Maatallah Kaouther , Kaffel Dhia , Hamdi Wafa 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Enthesitis related arthritis (ERA) is a distinct subgroup of juvenile arthritis characterized by male predominance and adolescent onset. Though, ERA patients still experience long diagnosis delays. This may lead to articular damage and functional disability. The aim of this study was to quantify the lag time between ERA symptoms onset and diagnosis and to evaluate its impact on disease activity, functional disability and structural damage.

Methods
A retrospective monocentric study was carried out on ERA patients. Diagnosis delay was collected from patients’ medical files. Disease activity was evaluated by: erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI). Functional disability and structural damage were evaluated by Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Fonctional Index (BASFI) and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Radiology Index (BASRI) respectively. Data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical package. A p-value &lt; 0.05 was considered significant.

Results
Thirty-four patients with a mean age of 23.8 ± 7.5 years were included. Male to female sex ratio was 3.85. Mean age at disease onset was 12 ± 2.6 years. Median disease duration was 108 months [12–408]. Median ERA diagnosis delay was 10 months [3–108]. Median ESR and CRP were 35 mm/h [8–90] and 20 mg/l [1–70] respectively. Median BASDAI score was 4.7 [1–9.7]. Median BASFI and BASRI scores were 4.6 [1.9–10] and 10 [2–16] respectively. Coxitis was found in 38.2% of cases.
On statistical analysis, significant positive correlation was found between ERA diagnosis delay and ESR (P = 0.03, r = 0.69) and CRP (P = 0.05, r = 0.456) respectively.
No link was noted between ERA diagnosis delay and these parameters: gender (P = 0.58), age at disease onset (P = 0.68), occurrence of coxitis (P = 0.66), BASFI (P = 0.08), BASDAI (P = 0.45) and BASRI (P = 0.12).

Conclusion
ERA patient’s journey was long in our study. Longer delays were associated with higher ESR and CRP levels. Further studies are required to confirm our results.
P050 Consensus based practice guidelines for the management and treatment of Juvenile familial Mediterranean fever: the Egyptian College of Paediatric Rheumatology initiative
Authors: Salah S , Lotfy H , Hassan M , Abdulhady H , Salah H , El Gaafary M , Abd El-Latif E , Farag Y , Eissa M , Esam Maher S , Radwan A , El-Shanawany Amira T , Medhat B M , El Mikkawy D , Mosa D M , El Deriny G , Mortada M , Osman N S , Fouad N A , Elkaraly N E , Mohamed S S , Tabra S , Hassan W A , Amer Y , Nasef S I , El Miedany Y 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is the most common monogenic auto-inflammatory disease, with the highest prevalence amongst Mediterranean countries including Egypt (where there is high carrier rate of MEFV gene), characterized by recurrent attacks of fever and polyserositis. Mutations in the MEFV gene encoding pyrin has been associated with the disease, which causes exaggeration of the inflammatory response through uncontrolled interleukin production. Issuing updated treatment recommendations are vital for the treating healthcare professionals to get well acquainted with its diagnosis & treatment. To produce consensus-based recommendations to guide the early diagnosis, management and follow-up of patients with FMF.

Methods
The Patient/Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcomes (PICO) questions were developed and refined by the core team.
A qualitative synthesis of scientific evidence based on systematic review and clinical experience was conducted to compile evidence for the diagnosis and management of FMF.
A consensus process was conducted among the expert panel to generate the final recommendations and grade their strength.
3 rounds of Delphi process were carried out.

Results
Following 3 Delphi rounds, recommendations were developed for: early diagnosis, who to treat, treatment targets, genetic testing and its interpretation in association with clinical presentation, treatment of FMF and dealing with acute attacks, monitoring of management, identify treatment response, systemic affection, persistent attacks or inflammation, resistant cases, protracted symptoms, as well as remission status.
Algorithm for patients’ diagnosis and management is provided.
The final document comprises 12 recommendations, each presented with its degree of agreement (0–10), Level of agreement, grade of recommendation and rationale. The degree of agreement was &gt;7/10 in all instances.

Conclusion
This guideline provides comprehensive approach to the accurate diagnosis and effective management/monitoring of FMF. It also represents a model for the incorporation of medical genetics practice into the more traditional domains of general medicine.
P058 Epidemiological clinical, etiologic spectrum and follow-up results of uveitis in children: a single center experience
Authors: Messadi W , Salmi A , Guemri N , Cherif N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Uveitis refers to the inflammation of the vascular tunic of the eye. This inflammation varies greatly in its clinical expressions and etiologies and is often a majordiagnostic challenge for physicians. These data cover symptoms, clinical examination results, complications, etiologies and treatments

Methods
A retro-prospective monocentric study was carried out on 22patients hospitalized in the pediatric department of the issaadhassani hospital of Algiers during the period of January 2017 to December 2021.

Results
The sex ratio is 1,2. Their average age was 8 years (4–15Y). Most of thepatients consulted for the three cardinal signs of uveitis: 81% for a decrease in visual acuity, 59% for redness, and 43% for ocular pain. Uveitis was bilateral in 55% of the cases. Inanatomical localization, 45,5% of patients had total uveitis, 27% had anterior uveitis, and 18% had intermediate uveitis, and 9% had anterior and intermediate uveitis. An etiologic diagnosis was made in 32% of the cases. The most frequent causes were inflammatory. Treatments consisted of local corticosteroid therapy for all thepatients, a general corticoid treatment for all of the patients, associated with an immunosuppressive treatment for 50% and biologic anti TNF α treatment (adalimumab) for23% cases. A good evolution after treatment was noted among patients with visual acuity &lt;3/10 with a substantial decrease from 67% to 2%.77.5% are in remission, 13.5% are improving and 9% are in relapse the duration of the follow-up is 1 ½ years with intervals of 2 months and 5 years.

Conclusion
The results of the current study are generally compatible with the literature. however. The percentage of etiologies covered remains a point to improve, The pooled prevalence of uveitis in pediatric rheumatic diseases widely varied based on the underlying disease requiring more investigations in different subtypes of rheumatic diseases. The biologic medications, especially Adalimumab are the most effective treatments for uveitis in pediatric rheumatic diseases; however, a combination of the safe, available alternatives is preferred to achieve the most desirable treatment response.
P071 Osteoid osteoma in children: About 15 cases
Authors: Khernane N , Fortas S , Makhloufi M M , Boussaha T 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Osteoid osteoma (OO)also called osteoblastoma, if the localization is in the spine, is a benign osteoblastic tumor of variable clinical expression, depending on the location of the lesion. It represents 2% to 3% of bone tumours and 15% of benign bone tumours in children. It affects mainly older children and adolescents and most often occurs in the lower limb, especially the femur. The diagnosis is radio-clinical.
The aim of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of surgical removal of the tumor, the therapeutic difficulty in certain osteoarticular localizations and finally the radio-clinical evolution after surgery.

Material & methods
We report the radio-clinical outcomes of a series of 15 children (4 girls/11 boys; aged of 03–14 years) with OO operated in our department, over a period of 08 years (2011–2019).

Results
The OO is located in most of cases of the lower limbs: acetabulum (1 case); femoral neck (3 cases); femoral diaphysis (2 cases); tibial diaphysis (4 cases); distal metaphysis of the tibia (1 case); talus (1 case) and in the spine (3 cases: vertebral body of T3, the posterior arch of T12 and the sacrum S3). Nocturnal pain yielding to aspirin, was the main symptom. It was associated with lameness when walking in patients with location of OO in the lower limbs. Diagnosis was delayed in patients with localization of OO in the spine (after 3 years) and in the talus (after 2 years). Imaging (standard Rx, CT scan and MRI) allowed the diagnosis of OO in all cases (nidus and cocarde image) and assessed the loco-regional impact (compression of the spinal canal in the sacral location; eccentricity of the femoral epiphysis, in the acetabular location, scoliosis in the spinal location).
Thirteen children received surgical treatment under fluoroscopic guidance, which consisted of:
A surgical abstention was decided in 2 cases: an inaccessible location at the bottom of the acetabulum and the T3 thoracic vertebral body localization in a 6-year-old girl.
12 operated children have good outcomes. However, 03 children experienced post-therapy problems: lumbar pain radiating towards the left thigh in the girl with sacral location (S3) despite the large laminectomy; a relapse 7 months later in the child with the femoral neck localization;
A valgus misalignment of the right knee after removal of the OO of the proximal metaphysis of the tibia with a relapse 3 months later.

Conclusion
OO is a rare, benign tumor. However, certain locations can lead to diagnostic difficulties, loco-regional, organic and functional repercussions and certain constraints on their therapeutic management. Modern imaging helps to improve the care of these patients, both in terms of early diagnosis (scintigraphy, CT scan and MRI) and therapeutic precision (photo-coagulation, radiofrequency ablation).