bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying harm reduction strategies for alcohol and drug-use in inpatient care settings and emergency departments: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Curran Janet A , Somerville Mari , Boulos Leah , Caudarella Alexander , Crowther Daniel , Johnson Catie , Wozney Lori , MacPhee Shannon , Sinclair Douglas , Elliott Rose Annette , Jose Caroline , Joudrey Morgan 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionPeople who use alcohol and/or drugs (PWUAD) are at high risk of medical complications, frequent hospitalisation and drug-related death following discharge from inpatient settings and emergency departments (EDs). Harm reduction strategies implemented in these settings may mitigate negative health outcomes for PWUAD. However, the scope of harm reduction strategies used globally within inpatient settings and EDs is unknown. The objective of this review is to identify and synthesise reported harm reduction strategies that have been implemented across inpatient settings and EDs for PWUAD.Methods and analysisThis review will include studies from any country and health service reporting on harm reduction strategies implemented in inpatient settings or EDs. The population of interest includes people of any race, gender and age identifying as PWUAD, or individuals who provided care to PWUAD. Studies which describe implementation strategies and barriers and enablers to implementation will be included. Studies published in English, or those available for English translation will be included. The following databases will be searched: MEDLINE All (Ovid), Embase (Elsevier Embase.com), CINAHL with Full Text (EBSCOhost), PsycINFO (EBSCOhost) and SCOPUS (Elsevier Scopus.com). A grey literature search will be conducted. There will be no date restrictions on the search. Titles, abstracts and full texts will be screened in duplicate. Data will be extracted using a standardised form. The results will be reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews.Ethics and disseminationScoping reviews do not require ethical approval. Patient partners with lived experience and relevant knowledge users will be engaged as research team members throughout all phases of the research process. A report detailing context, methodology and findings from this review will be disseminated to knowledge users and relevant community stakeholders. This review will be submitted for publication to a relevant peer-reviewed journal.
Death from COVID-19: management of breathlessness: a retrospective multicentre study
Authors: Reid Colette , Laird Barry , Travers Susan , McNiff Jessica , Young Suzanne , Maddicks Jack , Bentley Angela , Fenning Stephen 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesBreathlessness is the most significant symptom in those dying of COVID-19. Historically, though, it has often been palliated poorly at end of life. The aim of this work was to assess whether breathlessness in patients dying from COVID-19 was being managed appropriately.MethodsA multicentre, retrospective analysis of clinical data was undertaken. Patients who had died of COVID-19 across three acute hospitals over a 2-month period were included. Those already prescribed background opioids and those who died in intensive care were excluded. Data were collected from clinical notes, where available.Results71 patients from 18 wards (3 hospitals) were included. The median total dose of opioid and midazolam given in the last 24 hours of life (continuous subcutaneous infusion ± ‘as required’ medication) was 33 mg (14–55) and 15 mg (6–26), respectively. 37 patients (52%) were prescribed continuous subcutaneous infusions. There were 426 recorded respiratory rates of at least 25 breaths per minute, for which an opioid or benzodiazepine was given in 113 (27%) of instances.ConclusionsLess than a third of episodes of breathlessness, as measured by respiratory rate, were palliated with anticipatory medicines. Specific palliative care guidelines for COVID-19 are necessary but may not always be followed.
Initial stay times for uncompensable occupational heat stress in young and older men: a preliminary assessment
Authors: Notley Sean R. , Akerman Ashley P. , Kenny Glen P. 
Published: October 2021

During uncompensable occupational heat stress, heat-mitigation controls are required to prevent core temperature exceeding recommended limits (≥38 °C). However, the initial stay time before employing controls remained unknown. We estimated these times for moderate-intensity work at 26, 28, 30, and 32 °C wet-bulb globe temperatures (WBGT) in 50 young (18–30 years) and older (50–70 years), non-heat acclimatized men. Initial stay time was 111 min at 26 °C WBGT and declined exponentially to 44 min at 32 °C WBGT. Novelty: We provide estimates of the moderate-intensity work duration before heat-mitigation is required in wet-bulb globe temperatures between 26–32 °C for young and older, non-heat acclimatized men.
The Psychological Profile of Tunisian SMEs Founders Amid the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Tamzini Khaled 
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this paper is to determine the psychological profile of the Tunisian SMEs founder amid the COVID-19 crisis. The results of this research demonstrated that their psychological profile in times of COVID-19 crisis is quadridimensional and that each of these four dimensions (tolerance for ambiguity and uncertainty, attitude towards risk, self-confidence and locus of control) are unidimensional. This research was conducted in three Tunisian industries (textiles and clothing industries, agro-food industries and industries of ceramic and glass building materials) via the administration of a questionnaire via LinkedIn (between March, 15 and May, 15 2020) to more than 400 SMEs’ founders. The critical contributions of this research are the clarification of the role of psychological factors in the field of entrepreneurship, which remains unclear, by enriching previous research on entrepreneurial personality. The main findings of this study: (1) the four key psychological traits correspond to the “specific traits” of an entrepreneur; (2) these “specific traits” are more suitable to study the profile of the SME’s founder profile at the time of crisis than the more “stable traits” — the Big Five traits; (3) the psychological profile of the SME’s founder in a hyper-turbulent environment (namely the COVID-19 crisis) correspond to the psychological entrepreneurial profile.
Decision List Compression by Mild Random Restrictions
Authors: Lovett Shachar , Wu Kewen , Zhang Jiapeng 
Published: October 2021

A decision list is an ordered list of rules. Each rule is specified by a term, which is a conjunction of literals, and a value. Given an input, the output of a decision list is the value corresponding to the first rule whose term is satisfied by the input. Decision lists generalize both CNFs and DNFs and have been studied both in complexity theory and in learning theory.
The size of a decision list is the number of rules, and its width is the maximal number of variables in a term. We prove that decision lists of small width can always be approximated by decision lists of small size, where we obtain sharp bounds for such approximation. This also resolves a conjecture of Gopalan, Meka, and Reingold (Computational Complexity, 2013) on DNF sparsification.
An ingredient in our proof is a new random restriction lemma, which allows to analyze how DNFs (and more generally, decision lists) simplify if a small fraction of the variables are fixed. This is in contrast to the more commonly used switching lemma, which requires most of the variables to be fixed.
An Interview with Nachiappan Nagappan - ACM Fellow 2020
Authors: Pfahl Dietmar 
Published: October 2021

Nachiappan (Nachi) Nagappan is one of the five ACM Fellows of the 2020 cohort who are also active SIGSOFT members. To celebrate his award, we invited him to a question/answer session.
Nachi earned his PhD from North Carolina State University (NCSU), USA, in 2005. Afterwards he was with Microsoft Research for more than 15 years, rising through the ranks from Software Engineer to Partner Researcher. In January 2021, he started in a new position with Facebook.
Nachi's research interests are in the field of Software Engineering focusing on Software Reliability, Developer Productivity, Software Data Analytics and Empirical Software engineering. More broadly, he works on software analytics for improving software engineering practices. His work is strongly interdisciplinary and his research projects span the spectrum of software analytics ranging from developer productivity, large scale mining for GitHub, empirical software engineering analytics for the development process, intelligent software design for games, to predicting software service outages for cloud services. Nachi has been the recipient of many honors and best paper awards. For example, in 2019 and 2021, he and his co-authors won the ESEC/FSE test-of-time award, and in 2020 Nachi received the prestigious Harlan D. Mills Award.
2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Gulati Martha , Levy Phillip D. , Mukherjee Debabrata , Amsterdam Ezra , Bhatt Deepak L. , Birtcher Kim K. , Blankstein Ron , Boyd Jack , Bullock-Palmer Renee P. , Conejo Theresa , Diercks Deborah B. , Gentile Federico , Greenwood John P. , Hess Erik P. , Hollenberg Steven M. , Jaber Wael A. , Jneid Hani , Joglar José A. , Morrow David A. , O’Connor Robert E. , Ross Michael A. , Shaw Leslee J. 
Published: October 2021

Aim:
This executive summary of the clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and diagnosis of chest pain provides recommendations and algorithms for clinicians to assess and diagnose chest pain in adult patients.

Methods:
A comprehensive literature search was conducted from November 11, 2017, to May 1, 2020, encompassing studies, reviews, and other evidence conducted on human subjects that were published in English from PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Collaboration, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality reports, and other relevant databases. Additional relevant studies, published through April 2021, were also considered.

Structure:
Chest pain is a frequent cause for emergency department visits in the United States. The “2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain” provides recommendations based on contemporary evidence on the assessment and evaluation of chest pain. These guidelines present an evidence-based approach to risk stratification and the diagnostic workup for the evaluation of chest pain. Cost-value considerations in diagnostic testing have been incorporated and shared decision-making with patients is recommended.
On PDE Characterization of Smooth Hierarchical Functions Computed by Neural Networks
Authors: Filom Khashayar , Farhoodi Roozbeh , Kording Konrad Paul 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNeural networks are versatile tools for computation, having the ability to approximate a broad range of functions. An important problem in the theory of deep neural networks is expressivity; that is, we want to understand the functions that are computable by a given network. We study real, infinitely differentiable (smooth) hierarchical functions implemented by feedforward neural networks via composing simpler functions in two cases: (1) each constituent function of the composition has fewer inputs than the resulting function and (2) constituent functions are in the more specific yet prevalent form of a nonlinear univariate function (e.g., tanh) applied to a linear multivariate function. We establish that in each of these regimes, there exist nontrivial algebraic partial differential equations (PDEs) that are satisfied by the computed functions. These PDEs are purely in terms of the partial derivatives and are dependent only on the topology of the network. Conversely, we conjecture that such PDE constraints, once accompanied by appropriate nonsingularity conditions and perhaps certain inequalities involving partial derivatives, guarantee that the smooth function under consideration can be represented by the network. The conjecture is verified in numerous examples, including the case of tree architectures, which are of neuroscientific interest. Our approach is a step toward formulating an algebraic description of functional spaces associated with specific neural networks, and may provide useful new tools for constructing neural networks.
A Comprehensive Update of the Incidence and Demographics of Laryngoceles in Adults
Authors: Slonimsky Einat , Goldenberg David , Hwang Gloria , Gagnon Eric , Slonimsky Guy 
Published: October 2021

Objective: To provide updated data on the incidence, types, and demographics of laryngoceles in the adult population. Methods: We searched the medical archives of our institute for computed tomography (CT) studies acquired between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2017 in which the term “laryngocele” appeared in the radiology reports. Two of the authors reviewed relevant images for the presence, type, distribution, and laterality of true laryngoceles. Demographic and clinical data were extracted from medical records and the incidence was calculated. Results: Laryngoceles were detected in 53 out of the 79 893 patients with relevant CT data, which equates to an incidence of 151 per 2.5 million (0.06:1000) patients per year. The male:female ratio was 3:1, average age was 60 (±18) years, and incidence peaked among patients in the sixth decade of life. Nine patients (17%) had known laryngeal cancer; however, the majority of the cohort did not have follow up clinic visits. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that the incidence of laryngoceles is much greater than previously reported. In most cases, the diagnosis of a laryngocele was an incidental radiological finding. Male gender predilection and age at presentation are in agreement with previous reports. Association of laryngoceles with laryngeal cancer could not be calculated due to low rates of follow ups. Level of Evidence: 3.
Exploring the Intersection Between Academic and Professional Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Undergraduate and Graduate Nursing Students’ Experiences
Authors: Espin Sherry , LeGrow Karen , Bookey-Bassett Sue , Rose Donald , Santa Mina Elaine , Indar Alyssa 
Published: October 2021

Background The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has implications for students who are also nurses. Purpose and Methods This qualitative descriptive study used a practice development approach to explore the intersection between academic and professional work experiences for undergraduate Post-Diploma Registered Practical Nurses bridging to Registered Nurse Bachelor of Science in Nursing students and Master of Nursing graduate nursing students during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study incorporated critical aesthetic reflections that focused on the personal and aesthetic ways of knowing, as a data collection approach and knowledge dissemination strategy. Results Analysis of the narrative component of participants’ reflections revealed the following themes: sensing a “call to duty,” experiencing a myriad of emotions, shifting societal and individual perceptions of nursing, and learning in an uncertain environment. Conclusions The results of the study can inform educational strategies and academic policies to support this unique nursing population, who are frontline practitioners as well as student learners.
Review of Whole Head Experimental Cochlear Promontory Vibration with Bone Conduction Stimulation and Investigation of Experimental Setup Effects
Authors: Prodanovic Srdjan , Stenfelt Stefan 
Published: October 2021

Bone conduction sound transmission in humans has been extensively studied using cochlear promontory vibrations. These studies use vibration data collected from measurements in live humans, whole cadavers, and severed cadaver heads, with stimulation applied either at an implant in the skull bone or directly on the skin. Experimental protocols, methods, and preparation of cadavers or cadaver heads vary among the studies, and it is currently unknown to what extent the aforementioned variables affect the outcome of those studies. The current study has two aims. The first aim is to review and compare available experimental data and assess the effects of the experimental protocol and methods. The second aim is to investigate similarities and differences found between the experimental studies based on simulations in a finite element model, the LiUHead. With implant stimulation, the average cochlear promontory vibration levels were within 10 dB, independent of the experimental setup and preparations of the cadavers or cadaver heads. With on-skin stimulation, the results were consistent between cadaver heads and living humans. Partial or complete replacement of the brain with air does not affect the cochlear promontory vibration, whereas replacing the brain with liquid reduces the vibration level by up to 5 dB. An intact head–neck connection affects the vibration of the head at frequencies below 300–400 Hz with a significant vibration reduction at frequencies below 200 Hz. Removing all soft tissue, brain tissue, and intracranial fluid from the head increases the overall cochlear promontory vibration level by around 5 dB.
CEO pay and family firm heterogeneity: A behavioral agency model perspective
Authors: Fernández Méndez Carlos , Arrondo García Rubén , Pathan Shams 
Published: October 2021

We study the effects of family control on CEO pay from the perspective of behavioral agency model (BAM), with particular focus on family firm’s generational stage and CEO family ties. Using a panel of Australian listed firms, we find that family firms present lower total and variable CEO pay, showing also less pay disparity between the CEO and other top executives. We also find that multi-generational family firms and those run by non-family CEOs offer higher total and variable CEO pay and present high pay disparity. The BAM and family’s aversion to socioemotional wealth loss can explain the effects of family control based on the pursuing of non-financial family goals. The decline of these goals derived from the aging of the firm and the hiring of external CEOs shape family control and should be considered in the design of executive compensation policies and by external parties when assessing their suitability. JEL CLASSIFICATION: G30; G32; G34; G38
Korean University Students’ Problematic Alcohol use, Depression, and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury During COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Kim In Hong , Jeong Yeo Won , Park Hyun Kyeong 
Published: October 2021

Background This study investigated depression, problematic alcohol use, and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) of university students in Korea during COVID-19 lockdown and evaluated the moderating effect of problematic alcohol use in the relationship between depression and NSSI. Methods In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 234 Korean university students’ data were used to analyze the relationship between depression and NSSI and the moderating effect of problematic alcohol use. To analyze the moderating effect, Hayes PROCESS macro (model 1) was used. Results Of the participants, 69.7% were problematic alcohol drinkers and 58.1% were binge drinkers. Depression and NSSI scores were 13.948 and 0.901, respectively. Of the participants, 33.3% had experienced NSSI for 6 months. Depression was positively associated with NSSI among university students. Furthermore, problematic alcohol use had a conditional moderating effect on the relationship between depression and NSSI. Conclusions Problematic alcohol use had conditional moderating effects on the relationship between depression and NSSI. Additionally, since the COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing, to prevent NSSI, health care professionals in the university should screen students with problematic alcohol use and depressive symptoms.
IκB kinase promotes Nrf2 ubiquitination and degradation by phosphorylating cylindromatosis, aggravating oxidative stress injury in obesity-related nephropathy
Authors: Chen Yin-Yin , Hong Han , Lei Yu-Ting , Zou Jia , Yang Yi-Ya , He Li-Yu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Obesity-related nephropathy (ORN) has become one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease and has tripled over the past decade. Previous studies have demonstrated that decreased reactive oxygen species production may contribute to improving ORN by ameliorating oxidative stress injury. Here, IκB kinase (IKK) was hypothesized to inactivate the deubiquitination activity of cylindromatosis (CYLD) by activating the phosphorylation of CYLD, thus promoting the ubiquitination of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and further aggravating oxidative stress injury of the kidney in ORN. This study was aimed to confirm this hypothesis.

Methods
Haematoxylin and eosin (HE), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Oil Red O staining were performed to assess histopathology. Dihydroethidium (DHE) staining and MDA, SOD, CAT, and GSH-PX assessments were performed to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, qRT–PCR and/or western blotting were performed to assess the expression of related genes. JC-1 assays were used to measure the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) of treated HK-2 cells. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments (Co-IP) were used to analyse the interaction between CYLD and Nrf2 in ORN.

Results
ORN in vivo and in vitro models were successfully constructed, and oxidative stress injury was detected in the model tissues and cells. Compared with the control groups, the phosphorylation level of CYLD increased while Nrf2 levels decreased in ORN model cells. An IKK inhibitor reduced lipid deposition, ROS production, CYLD phosphorylation levels and ΔΨm in vitro, which were reversed by knockdown of CYLD. Nrf2 directly bound to CYLD and was ubiquitinated in ORN cells. The proteasome inhibitor MG132 activated the Nrf2/ARE signalling pathway, thereby reversing the promoting effect of CYLD knockdown on oxidative stress.

Conclusion
IKK inactivates the deubiquitination activity of CYLD by activating the phosphorylation of CYLD, thus promoting the ubiquitination of Nrf2 and further aggravating oxidative stress injury of the kidney in ORN. This observation provided a feasible basis for the treatment of kidney damage caused by ORN.