bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Values of the apparent diffusion coefficient in the differential diagnosis of tumors of the posterior fossa in the pediatric population of Colombia
Authors: López-Cadena Andrés Fernando , Moreno-Gómez Luz Ángela , Guerrero-Gómez Diego Armando 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Posterior fossa tumors are common in the pediatric population and require adequate characterization by means of structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and advanced MRI techniques to achieve an appropriate therapeutic approach.
Objectives: To determine the usefulness of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values for the differential diagnosis of posterior fossa tumors in the pediatric population treated at a reference hospital in Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
Materials and methods: Diagnostic accuracy study carried out in 28 pediatric patients diagnosed with posterior fossa tumor between 2017 and 2019 at the Fundación Hospital de la Misericordia, a quaternary care institution. ADC values were measured and compared with histopathological diagnosis as gold standard, obtaining sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. Differences between medians were determined using the Kruskall-Wallis test. The p value between the quantitative ADC value and the gold standard was calculated using Pearson's chi-squared test, with a significance level of p<0.05.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 83.9 months (SD=57 months), and 64.28% of them were boys. Medulloblastoma was the most frequent tumor (39.29%). For the diagnosis of medulloblastoma, an ADC value of 0.6210x10-³mm²/s was established, obtaining a sensitivity and specificity of 81.82% and 76.47%, respectively. For the diagnosis of pilocytic astrocytoma, an ADC of 1.03x10-³mm²/s was determined, with a sensitivity of 66.67% and a specificity of 89.40%.
Conclusions: ADC value is useful to classify and differentiate posterior fossa tumors in the Colombian pediatric population, showing an inversely proportional relationship with the tumor grade.
Glass transitions in bituminous binders
Authors: Apostolidis Panos , Elwardany Michael , Porot Laurent , Vansteenkiste Stefan , Chailleux Emmanuel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe RILEM TC 272 PIM (Phase and Interphase behavior of innovative bituminous Materials)—TG1 Binder has initiated an inter-laboratory program investigating the phase and interphase behaviour of bituminous binders. Within the scope, four laboratories evaluated the low temperature properties of seven binders with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). DSC has been accepted as a powerful tool to evaluate, among others, the glass transitions, Tg, monitoring the endothermic or exothermic heat flow of a material under controlled temperature conditions. There are different ways to run the test, conventional temperature linear-DSC (TL-DSC), and temperature modulation-DSC (TM-DSC). The latter has been proven as an efficient method differentiating the structural relaxation phenomena from the heat capacity. In this study, emphasis was placed on comparing the Tg measured by TL- and TM-DSC to improve the interpretation of binder glass transitions. In this study, the scope was restrained to two Polymer modified Binders (PmBs): a commercially available modified binder named PmB1 and a highly modified binder (7.5 wt% high vinyl SBS) named PmB2, were evaluated and compared with two neat bituminous binders. Based on the thermographs of the PmB2 obtained through this inter-laboratory program, it was observed that the modification by 7.5% SBS resulted in a decrease of the Tg. This reduction of Tg reflects the positive influence of SBS at low temperatures.
Osmanlı Döneminde Tokat Takyeciler Camii Vakıfları
Authors: AÇIKEL Ali 
Published: June 2021

Tokat, tarihte birçok medeniyete ev sahipliği yapmış Anadolu’daki eski şehirlerden biridir. XI. asrın sonlarında Türk hâkimiyetine giren Tokat şehrinde Danişmentli, Selçuklu ve Osmanlı dönemlerinde cami, mescid, medrese, imaret, zâviye, han, hamam ve türbe gibi çok sayıda dinî, sosyal, ekonomik ve kültürel eserler vücuda getirilmiştir. Bu eserlerin vücuda getirilmesinde Tokat’ın doğu-batı, güney-kuzeye giden yol güzergâhında bulunması, ılıman iklimi ve verimli tarım toprakları ile zengin bir sosyo-ekonomik potansiyele sahip olmasının rolü büyüktür. Osmanlı ülkesinin genelinde olduğu gibi, Tokat’ta tesis edilmiş olan dinî, sosyal, kültürel ve iktisadî eserler, vakıf akarlar yardımı ile varlığını idame ettirmiştir.Bu makalede Osmanlı döneminde Tokat’taki ikinci ulu cami olarak değerlendirilen Takyeciler Camii vakıfları ele alınacaktır. Caminin inşa kitabesi olmamakla birlikte, vakıf kayıtları yapının 15. yüzyılda inşa edildiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu cami XII-XX. asırlar arasında Tokat şehir merkezinde inşa edilen 17 caminin en büyüklerinden biridir. Camiinin vakıfları hakkında sınırlı zaman dilimlerini kapsayan ve az sayıda belge incelemesine dayanan bazı münferit çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada arşivlerin muhtelif fonlarındaki belgeler ve Tokat Şer‘iye Sicillerindeki kayıtlar yardımı ile başlangıcından günümüze kadar Takyeciler Camii’nin bütün vakıf akarları incelenecektir. Caminin inşası sonrasında bakım ve onarımı ile görevlilerinin maaşı için bir vakıf tesis edilmiştir. Ayrıca bazı hayır sahipleri camii için ilave vakıflar kurmuşlardır. İncelemenin amacı, Takyeciler Camii vakıflarını bütün yönleriyle ele alarak Tokat’ın sosyo-kültürel tarihine katkı sağlamaktır.
Pengaruh Dimensi Furnitur Terhadap Teritori Personal Pengaturan Meja Makan Dengan Sistem Makan Berbagi Pada Restoran
Authors: Wismoyo Erlana Adli , Havizahra Ummu 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui teritori personal yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan aktivitas pada area makan. Area makan, merupakan hal paling utama pada suatu restoran yang menentukan pengalaman ruang bagi penggunanya, untuk itu kenyamanan ketika aktivitas di meja makan perlu diperhatikan. Setiap restoran menerapkan sistem makan yang berbeda, salah satunya adalah sistem makan berbagi, yaitu beberapa menu hidangan yang dinikmati lebih dari satu orang. Sistem ini tentunya mempengaruhi dimensi meja makan yang digunakan dan teritori personal area makan seorang pengunjung dalam aktivitas makan-minumnya. Analisis data diolah secara deskriptif dengan data kualitatif yang diperoleh dari observasi langsung pada restoran yang memiliki sistem makan berbagi yaitu restoran Al-Jazeerah dan Miss Bee Providore yang berlokasi di kota Bandung. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa kebutuhan teritori personal pada suatu restoran dapat berbeda sesuai bentuk dan ukuran peralatan makan dari menu hidangan yang disediakan.Kata Kunci: Meja Makan, Restoran, Teritori PersonalTHE EFFECT OF FURNITURE DIMENSION FOR PERSONAL TERRITORY TABLE SETTING WITH SHARING SYSTEM IN THE RESTAURANT ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research is to find out personal territory that suitable for the activity in the dining area. Restaurant is one of the sector in the hospitality industry, an intresting destination for the general public and tourists to enjoy many various of culinary both food and drinks. Dining area, is the most important thing in the restaurant that determines the experience of space for the users, so customer comfortable when doing activities at the dining table need to be considered. Every restaurant uses a different dining system, one of them is food sharing system, which is a dish that are eaten by more than one person. This system affects the dimensions of the dining table and the territories of customer private areas in their eating and drinking activities. Data analysis was processed descriptively with qualitative data obtained from direct observation on restaurants that have shared dining systems, that is Al-Jazeerah and Miss Bee Providore restaurants located in Bandung. Results of this study indicate that the needs of personal territory in a restaurant can be different according to the shape and size of cutlery from the menu of dishes. Keywords: Dining Table, Personal Teritory, Restaurant
PERANAN PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN SEBAGAI PENDIDIKAN HUKUM DALAM MENGUPAYAKAN INTERNALISASI HUKUM DI KALANGAN PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Isep Isep 
Published: June 2021

Salah satu fungsi PKn adalah sebagai Pendidikan hukum bagi peserta didik. Fungsi PKn sebagai pendidikan hukum dirasakan belum optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali, mengkaji, dan memperoleh gambaran tentang Peranan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Sebagai Pendidikan Hukum dalam mengupayakan Internalisasi Hukum di Kalangan Peserta didik. Pendekatan penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Berdasarkan sejumlah temuan penelitian, tampak bahwa PKn sebagai wahana pendidikan hukum dalam mengupayakan internalisasi hukum bagi peserta didik masih belum berfungsi secara maksimal. Rekomendasi ini dari penelitian ini adalah perlu adanya revitalisasi PKn sebagai pendidikan hukum baik dari pendekatan konten maupun pendekatan proses.
KONSTRUKSI SOSIAL REMAJA OSING TERHADAP RITUS BUYUT CILI SEBAGAI CIVIC CULTURE UNTUK PEMBENTUKAN JATIDIRI
Authors: Suprijono Agus , Pasya Gurniwan Kamil 
Published: June 2021

Fokus penelitian adalah eksternalisasi, objektivasi, dan internalisasi remaja Osing terhadap Buyut Cili serta kesadaran diri atau konstruksi diri. Tujuan penelitian mendeskripsikan pembentukan pengetahuan, internalisasi nilai, dan motif tindakan serta identifikasi kesadaran diri. Metode penelitian fenomenologi, teknik pengumpulan data observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian adalah remaja Osing dalam konstruksi sosial terhadap realitas sosial dan budaya masyarakatnya mampu mengembangkan domain psiko-sosial yakni kebiasaan berpikir dan bersikap yang menopang berkembangnya harmonisasi kehidupan sosial dan komitmen sebagai anggota masyarakat yang bernalar dan diterima dengan sadar terhadap nilai dan prinsip hidup berdemokrasi.
PENGEMBANGAN KETERAMPILAN GERAK DASAR MOTORIK KASAR MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN SENI TARI KIPAS PADA ANAK TUNARUNGU
Authors: Gunawan Dudi 
Published: June 2021

Pembelajaran seni tari merupakan pembelajaran yang dapat membantu anak dalam mencapai perkembangan potensi anak seperti : pembentukan fisik, emosional, sosialisasi, perubahan tingkah laku, dan daya fikir, sehingga diharapkan anak mampu berfikir kreatif, dengan kata lain belajar aktif untuk beraktivitas dalam kehidupan seharihari. Penerapan pembelajaran seni tari pada anak tunarungu memerlukan suatu pendekatan yang dilakukan oleh pendidik, guna mengembangkan kreativitas gerak anak tunarungu, dalam penelitian ini mengembangkan gerak dasar motorik kasar anak tunarungu. Untuk mengembangkan gerak dasar motorik kasar anak tunarungu dibutuhkan pembelajaran yang menyenangkan, salah satunya melalui pembelajaran seni tari kipas, karena pembelajaran seni tari kipas ini mengarahkan anak untuk aktif bergerak. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Single Subjek Reserch (SSR) dengan desain A-B-A yang mana pada baseline-1 (A-1) dilakukan empat sesi, pada intervensi (B) delapan sesi, sedangkan pada baseline-2 (A-2) dilakukan empat sesi. Dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, pada baseline-1, nilai presentase subjek berinisial RPS 37%. Setelah diberikan intervensi pada baseline-2 mengalami peningkatan yaitu 73%. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran seni tari kipas dapat dijadikan salah satu cara untuk mengembangkan gerak dasar motorik kasar anak tunarungu. Kata kunci: gerak dasar motorik kasar, pembelajaran seni tari kipas, tunarungu
Comparison of ropivacaine and bupivacaine in ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing elective lower abdominal surgeries - A randomized double-blind trial
Authors: Sharma Nidhi , Banerjee Arnab , Jain Jyothi , Goyal Pradeep Kumar 
Published: June 2021

Ultrasound-guided Transversus Abdominal Plane (TAP) block is an effective and safe regional anaesthesia technique. Our study is aimed to draw a comparison between the analgesic efficacy of Ropivacaine and Bupivacaine using ultrasound-guided TAP block. After approval from our Institutional Ethical Committee, 100 ASA I and II patients were recruited. Patients of either sex in age group of 18–65 years, undergoing elective lower abdominal surgeries were included in this prospective double-blind study. Patients were randomized into two groups, A and B. Group A (n=50) patients received ultrasound-guided TAP block with 20 ml 0.5% Ropivacaine and those in group B (n =50) received 20 ml 0.25% Bupivacaine at the end of surgery. The postoperative pain score (Numeric Rating Scale, NRS), patient satisfaction score, total requirement of analgesics in the first 24 hours, and the side effects were observed. Statistical tests were conducted using student's t-test, chi-square test, or fisher's exact test whichever was applicable. P &#60; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Statistically significant difference in the pain scores were observed between the two groups at different time intervals. The mean NRS score was higher for group B at 2, 4, 6 and 14 hour following the block. The duration of analgesia was longer and the total requirement of analgesic was lesser in group A as compared to group B.(p&#60;0.001)Ultrasound-guided TAP block with 0.5% Ropivacaine provides effective analgesia for longer duration and decreases the total analgesic consumption as compared to 0.25% Bupivacaine in lower abdominal surgeries.
Comparision of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl as adjuvants to 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia in elective lower abdominal surgeries
Authors: Indira P , Divya V Sai , Raghu Rajola , Roy Sadhana 
Published: June 2021

Spinal anesthesia has become most commonly used and choice of anaesthesia for surgeries on lower half of body after first planned spinal anaesthesia for surgery in man was administered by August Bier (1861–1949) on 16 August 1898, in Kiel(1), Germany. Coadministration of adjuvant drugs improve the quality and duration of anesthesia and analgesia and patient safety. To compare effects of Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl as adjuvants to 3ml of 0.5% heavy bupivacaine injected intrathecally, in lower abdominal surgeries. Prospective randomized comparative study. The study was approved by ethics committee and was conducted in 100 randomly selected patients posted for elective lower abdominal surgeries in the age group 18-60yrs belonging to both sex. Patients were divided into two groups- Group D (n=50) - received 5μg Dexmedetomidine+3ml 0.5% heavy bupivacaine, Group F(n=50)-received 25μg Fentanyl +3ml 0.5% heavy bupivacaine, intrathecally respectively.In groupD patients onset of sensory block was significantly faster 2.62±0.56 mins (p&#60;0.001) with better haemodynamic stability, intraoperative sedation, less incidence of side effects and analgesic sparing effect in post operative period when compared to group F.αadrenergic agonist dexmedetomidine is a valuable adjunct to spinal anaesthesia it augments quality of spinal anaesthesia provides intraoperative sedation and hemodynamic stability.
Comparison of fentanyl and nalbuphine in obtunding stressor response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation
Authors: Mitragotri Milon V , Sheikh Safiya I , Sachinananda Roopa , Joshi Vikas 
Published: June 2021

: Fentanyl has evinced its property of being a potent opioid and benumbing stress response to laryngoscopy and intubation (L&I). However respiratory depression and chest wall rigidity limits its utility at high doses. Nalbuphine, reported to have a ceiling effect for respiratory depression, can serve as an alternative. We studied and compared the efficacy of fentanyl and nalbuphine in preventing the rise in heart rate and blood pressure after L&I. A randomized double blind study was conducted in 60 subjects divided in two groups (Group F n=30 and Group N n=30) was done. Group F received 2µg kg fentanyl intravenously while group N received nalbuphine 0.2mg kg intravenously. Hemodynamic variables including heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured at baseline and at intervals of five minutes of administering test drug, each minute up to five minutes after intubation, 10 minutes and 30 minutes after intubation. Complications, if any, were recorded after surgery. Change in HR, SBP, DBP and MAP between the two groups was compared using independent t-test. : The two drugs were equally effective in preventing HR rise at all-time points except after 30 minutes where fentanyl performed better. The change in SBP, DBP and MAP from baseline in both the groups was comparable.: Nalbuphine can serve as an alternative to fentanyl in obtunding stress response when given five minutes before intubation.
Comparative study of intrathecal fentanyl with bupivacaine and fentanyl midazolam with bupivacaine in spinal anaesthesia
Authors: Shah Vishruti R , Mehta Shweta , Khan Danish A 
Published: June 2021

Spinal anaesthesia is preferred for lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries. Bupivacaine is the most popular local anaesthetic for subarachnoid blockade because of less neurotoxicity. Intrathecal bupivacaine alone may be insufficient to provide prolonged post-operative analgesia, even with high sensory block. So, various adjuvants are used like ketamine, midazolam, clonidine, opioids, neostigmine etc. to prolong the effect of local anaesthetic.To compare the effect of intrathecal fentanyl and fentanyl-midazolam combination with hyperbaric bupivacaine for quality of anaesthesia and post-operative analgesia.Study was conducted on 60 patients aged 20-60 years and were randomly divided into two groups of 30 patients each. Group A received 0.5% bupivacaine heavy 3 ml (15mg) + fentanyl 0.5 ml (25µg) and Group B 0.5% bupivacaine heavy 2.8 ml (14mg) +fentanyl 0.5 ml (25 µg) + midazolam 0.2 ml (1mg). Total volume is 3.5 ml in both groups. They were assessed for quality of block, post-operative analgesia and perioperative complications.Data were compared using t- test(unpaired). The level of significance used was p&#60;0.05.There was a significant difference in onset and duration of sensory and motor block, time to administer first rescue analgesia in group B.Addition of midazolam (1mg) to fentanyl with bupivacaine intrathecally gives better onset & duration of sensory & motor blockade and longer duration of post-operative analgesia.
Anaesthetic management of maxillofacial surgeries: A cross-sectional survey to analyze current trend of practices
Authors: Sundar Ayya Syama , Kar Akhya Kumar , Mounika Emmala 
Published: June 2021

Anaesthetic management of maxillo-facial surgeries considered as special subset of surgery where the airway management needs proper attention. Most of the time it varies depending on the resources and skill availability. We tried to evaluate the current trend of practices in managing maxilla-facial surgeries among various practicing anaesthesiologists. This is a retrospective questionnaire based survey conducted among practicing anaesthesiologists to determine the trend of practices and institutional protocols followed for maxillo-facial surgeries. A set of questionnaires prepared to ask about the preferred mode of securing airway, frequency of facing complications and plan for extubation and post-operative management. Total of 86 responses were collected which were analyzed. A total of 91% evaluated the airway with history and physical examination. Fiberoptic broncoscope available in 46% of cases, 51% cases video laryngoscope was preferred as gadget. Naso-tracheal is the commonest route for securing the airway which was preferred by 53% respondents. Only 38% respondents were in favor of extubation of the patients inside the operation theatres after surgery for patients without head injury. In patients with head injury 90% responders believed either a delayed extubation in the ICU or elective ventilation for some hours before extubation is a better option. Most of the anaesthesiologists (61%) preferred shifting the patients to the ICU for post-operative care. Theanaestheticmanagement ofmaxillo-facial surgeries need special attention. It necessitates proper pre-operative evaluation, shared decision making with the surgeons, timely decision of extubation and post-operative care are keys to successfully manage the airway.
Management of intra operative priapism after spinal anesthesia with intravenous glycopyrrolate and intracorporeal injection of ultra low dose of phenylephrine- A case report
Authors: Bhutia Tshering P , Bhattarai Neeraj , Bhutia Tsewang D , Rajni  , Bhutia Sonam D 
Published: June 2021

Priapism following neuraxial anesthesia or general anesthesia is a rare but problematic event which may result in delay, complication or even cancellation of scheduled operations in urological endoscopic procedures. We present a case of successful management of intra operative priapism in a 32 years old male under spinal anesthesia posted for Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy (URSL) of bilateral ureteric stone.Different therapies for management of intra operative priapism have been quoted in the past like intracorporeal injection of vasopressors, dorsal penile nerve block, intravenous glycopyrrolate, intravenous ketamine/dexmedetomidine etc. In this case we treated with intravenous glycopyrrolate and intracorporeal injection of ultra low dose phenylephrine.
Hacia la armonización del derecho mercantil en el Caribe: los Principios OHADAC sobre los contratos comerciales internacionales
Authors: Bermúdez Abreu Yoselyn , Villarroel Ivette Esis 
Published: June 2021

Este artículo analiza el proceso para la armonización del derecho mercantil en el Caribe, cuyo primer producto son los Principios OHADAC aplicables a los contratos mercantiles internacionales. Para ello, se examinan: la región caribeña en los ámbitos jurídico, educativo y lingüístico; la participación de organismos internacionales; los Principios OHADAC y la técnica legislativa soft law. Se concluye que la aplicación de los Principios OHADAC otorga seguridad jurídica y celeridad en la determinación del derecho aplicable a los acuerdos comerciales internacionales, estando su eficacia determinada por su propio valor intrínseco en ausencia de fuerza vinculante.
New genetic tools for plant defense against parasitic nematodes
Authors: Kochetov A. V. , Gavrilenko T. A. , Afanasenko O. S. 
Published: June 2021

Nematodes belong to economically important pests. Here we reviewed the recent data on molecular mechanisms of plant resistance to cyst and gall nematodes including the most devastating Globodera rostochiensis, G. pallida, Heterodera schachtii, Meloidogyne chitwoodi, and M. incognita. The Golden Potato Cyst Nematode (G. rostochiensis, GPCN) may be taken as an example of an economically important pest: in Russia, it occurs in 61 regions with a total area of 1.8 million ha and may cause the yield loss from 19 to 90 %. The biological characteristics of sedentary nematodes makes their agrotechnical control problematic, i.e. the GPCN cysts remain dormant in soil for many years until a susceptible host appears, whereas nematicides are either toxic or inefficient. Introgression of resistance genes (R-genes) from related cultivated or wild species is likely to be the most appropriate way for their biocontrol. The life cycle of sedentary nematodes is based on juveniles’ penetration into the host root where they reprogram plant cells into a syncytium or the so-called ‘giant cells’ and inhibit the plant defense response. Molecular mechanisms of plant-nematode interaction are unusual and this phenomenon provides a very interesting model for the investigation of plant morphogenesis control as well as for the development of new genetic instruments of biocontrol. Here we reviewed recent publications on plant parasitic nematode effectors used for hijacking of the plant immune system, data on R-genes and molecular mechanisms of their activities. In addition, host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) is discussed as a perspective mechanism for nematode biocontrol. HIGS is based on the RNA interference in the cells of the host plant addressed against the nematode genes important for their development and productivity. Several recent investigations demonstrated efficiency of HIGS against sedentary nematodes.