bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Efficacy of Root Repair versus Partial Meniscectomy and Observation for Patients with Meniscus Root Tears
Authors: Dai Wenli , Yan Wenqiang , Leng Xi , Wang Junyan , Hu Xiaoqing , Ao Yingfang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to (1) compare the efficacy of root repair versus partial meniscectomy and observation for patients with meniscus root tears; (2) compare osteoarthritis (OA) progression and functional outcomes in patients with isolated repair and with adjuvant surgery; and (3) evaluate OA progression and functional outcomes after pullout repair or all-inside repair of meniscus root tears. We performed a systematic literature search in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library up to September 1, 2020, to identify studies that evaluated the efficacy of root repair versus partial meniscectomy and observation in patients with meniscus root tears. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool data. A total of nine studies were included in the meta-analysis, with 485 patients comprising 238 in the root repair group, 113 in the partial meniscectomy group, and 134 in the observation group. The mean age of the patients ranged from 46.1 to 64.8 years. Compared with partial meniscectomy, root repair was associated with significantly lower postoperative Kellgren–Lawrence (K-L) grade (mean difference [MD]: −0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.00 to −0.23) and progression to arthroplasty rate (odds ratio [OR]: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.04–0.60) at final follow-up. Compared with observation, root repair was associated with significantly lower arthroplasty rate (OR: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.01–0.44) and better International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score (MD: 8.07, 95% CI: 0.72–15.41) at final follow-up. Moreover, significantly lower postoperative K-L grade and progression to arthroplasty rate, as well as higher IKDC and Lysholm scores were seen in favor of root repair in patients with isolated meniscus root tears. Additionally, significantly lower OA progression and higher function scores were found in favor of root repair when the tears were repaired with pullout technique. Current evidence indicates that root repair with pullout technique may be a better choice than partial meniscectomy and observation for patients with isolated meniscus root tears as measured by OA progression, progression to arthroplasty, as well as functional outcomes.
Bixadus sierricola (West African coffee borer).
Authors: Bigger Mike 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

B. sierricola is found throughout West and Central Africa and south to Angola but also extends eastward into Uganda. Its original wild host may well be Coffea canephora or Coffea liberica both of which are indigenous to West Africa. Coffea arabica, which is at present a host, was an introduction in relatively recent times from its original home in Ethiopia so cannot be its indigenous host. References to hosts other than Coffea are sparse but like other stem borers, it can probably develop on a wide range of tree species which serve as a reservoir for re-infestation. Observations on natural enemies are sparse but adults of the Ichneumonid Gabunia ruficoxis were recorded emerging from galleries on two occasions, and a Tachinid, Phorostoma (Dinera) sp. was found parasitising larvae. For B. sierricola control, some cultural methods, use of fumigant paste of 57% aluminium phosphide and insertion of a plug soaked in paraffin and carbon bisulphide into the gallery are recommended.
Victoria in Two Twenty-First-Century Film Re-visions of Frankenstein
Authors: Mitchell Paul 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this article, I will explore how the character of Victoria is represented in the British made-for-television film, Frankenstein (Jed Mercurio, 2007) and the US horror movie, The Frankenstein Syndrome (Scott Tretta, 2011). By approaching these productions through the lens of adaptation theory and, more specifically, via the concept of a re-vision, I will argue that we can better understand the ways in which they mutate the long-standing (though frequently updated) Frankenstein story. As intertexts that interrogate previous cinema and television versions, their focus on female synthetic biologists whose pioneering stem-cell research takes place within a capitalist biomedical framework is particularly innovative. As such, they disrupt the patriarchal paradigm upon which the Frankensteinian filmic tradition has, historically, been established. Most notably, both films celebrate maternality, personal responsibility, and compassion as key values for those who are involved in the biotechnological creation of life.
The demography and characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 seropositive residents and staff of nursing homes for older adults in the Community of Madrid: the SeroSOS study
Authors: Candel Francisco Javier , Barreiro Pablo , San Román Jesús , del Mar Carretero María , Sanz Juan Carlos , Pérez-Abeledo Marta , Ramos Belén , Viñuela-Prieto José Manuel , Canora Jesús , Martínez-Peromingo Francisco Javier , Barba Raquel , Zapatero Antonio ,   the investigators of the SeroSOS study
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Nursing homes for older adults have concentrated large numbers of severe cases and deaths for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods
Point seroprevalence study of nursing homes to describe the demography and characteristic of severe acute respiratory syndrome by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunoglobulin G (IgG)-positive residents and staff.

Results
Clinical information and blood samples were available for 9,332 residents (mean age 86.7 ± 8.1 years, 76.4% women) and 10,614 staff (mean age 45.6 ± 11.5, 86.2% women). Up to 84.4% of residents had frailty, 84.9% co-morbidity and 69.3% cognitive impairment; 65.2% of workers were health-aides.
COVID-19 seroprevalence was 55.4% (95% confidence interval (CI), 54.4–56.4) for older adults and 31.5% (30.6–32.4) for staff. In multivariable analysis, frailty of residents was related with seropositivity (odds ratio (OR): 1.19, P = 0.02). In the case of staff, age &gt; 50 years (2.10, P &lt; 0.001), obesity (1.19, P = 0.01), being a health-aide (1.94, P &lt; 0.001), working in a center with high seroprevalence in residents (3.49, P &lt; 0.001) and contact with external cases of COVID-19 (1.52, P &lt; 0.001) were factors associated with seropositivity. Past symptoms of COVID-19 were good predictors of seropositivity for residents (5.41, P &lt; 0.001) and staff (2.52, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
Level of dependency influences risk of COVID-19 among residents. Individual and work factors, contacts outside the nursing home are associated with COVID-19 exposure in staff members. It is key to strengthen control measures to prevent the introduction of COVID-19 into care facilities from the community.
Dietary Vitamin K Intake and the Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A Prospective Study of 101,695 American Adults
Authors: Yu Dao-Wu , Li Qu-Jin , Cheng Long , Yang Peng-Fei , Sun Wei-Ping , Peng Yang , Hu Jie-Jun , Wu Jing-Jing , Gong Jian-Ping , Zhong Guo-Chao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNo epidemiologic studies have been conducted to assess the association of intake of dietary vitamin K with the risk of pancreatic cancer. We used prospective data from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial between 1993 and 2009 to fill this gap. A total of 101,695 subjects were identified. Dietary intakes of phylloquinone (vitamin K1), menaquinones (vitamin K2), and dihydrophylloquinone (dihydrovitamin K1) were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Cox regression was applied to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. During a mean follow-up of 8.86 years (900,744.57 person-years), 361 cases of pancreatic cancer were documented. In the fully adjusted model, dietary intakes of phylloquinone (for quartile 4 vs. quartile 1, hazard ratio (HR) = 0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.39, 0.83; P for trend = 0.002) and dihydrophylloquinone (for quartile 4 vs. quartile 1, HR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.85; P for trend = 0.006), but not menaquinones (for quartile 4 vs. quartile 1, HR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.65, 1.33; P for trend = 0.816), were found to be inversely associated with the risk of pancreatic cancer in a nonlinear dose–response manner (all P values for nonlinearity &lt; 0.05), and this was not modified by predefined stratification factors and remained in sensitivity analyses. In conclusion, dietary intakes of phylloquinone and dihydrophylloquinone, but not menaquinones, confer a lower risk of pancreatic cancer. Future studies should confirm our findings.
An artificial neural network model based on DNA damage response genes to predict outcomes of lower-grade glioma patients
Authors: Chen Jian , Qian Xiaojun , He Yifu , Han Xinghua , Pan Yueyin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlthough the prognosis of lower-grade glioma (LGG) patients is better than others, outcomes are highly heterogeneous. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation and 1p/19q codeletion status can identify patient subsets with different prognosis. However, in the era of precision medicine, there is still a lack of biomarkers that can accurately predict the individual prognosis of each patient. In this study, we found that most DNA damage response (DDR) genes were aberrantly expressed in LGG patients and were associated with their prognosis. Consequently, we developed an artificial neural network (ANN) model based on DDR genes to predict outcomes of LGG glioma patients. Then, we validated the predictive ability in an independent external dataset and found that the concordance indexes and area under time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves of the predict index (PI) calculated based on the model were superior to those of the mutation markers. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that the model could accurately identify patients with the same mutation status but different prognosis. Moreover, the model can also identify patients with favorable prognostic mutation status but poor prognosis or vice versa. Finally, we also found that the PI was associated with the mutation status and with the altered immune microenvironment. These results demonstrated that the ANN model can accurately predict outcomes of LGG patients and will contribute to individualized therapies. In addition, a web-based application program for the model was developed.
Feature selection for support vector regression using a genetic algorithm
Authors: McKearnan Shannon B , Vock David M , Marai G Elisabeta , Canahuate Guadalupe , Fuller Clifton D , Wolfson Julian 
Published: May 2021

SummarySupport vector regression (SVR) is particularly beneficial when the outcome and predictors are nonlinearly related. However, when many covariates are available, the method’s flexibility can lead to overfitting and an overall loss in predictive accuracy. To overcome this drawback, we develop a feature selection method for SVR based on a genetic algorithm that iteratively searches across potential subsets of covariates to find those that yield the best performance according to a user-defined fitness function. We evaluate the performance of our feature selection method for SVR, comparing it to alternate methods including LASSO and random forest, in a simulation study. We find that our method yields higher predictive accuracy than SVR without feature selection. Our method outperforms LASSO when the relationship between covariates and outcome is nonlinear. Random forest performs equivalently to our method in some scenarios, but more poorly when covariates are correlated. We apply our method to predict donor kidney function 1 year after transplant using data from the United Network for Organ Sharing national registry.
Permanency Decisions in Child Welfare: A Qualitative Study
Authors: McCafferty Paul , Duffy Joe , Hayes David 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article presents findings from an exploratory in-depth qualitative research project with seventeen child welfare professionals exploring their permanency decisions with regards to Looked after Children. Thinking aloud-protocols and semi-structured interviews, in conjunction with a specifically constructed vignette were used to explore the permanency decisions of child welfare workers. Findings from this innovative research suggest that different decisions were taken by participants based on viewing the same vignette. However, even though the decisions differed, they clustered around the more interventionist options with most favouring adoption and foster care despite viable alternatives offered. There was broad consistency related to the rationale for the decisions taken, but this did not translate into a consistent permanency option being chosen. Possible reasons to account for this are that the decisions were heuristically constructed, idiosyncratic to individual inclinations and influenced by factors other than the individual needs of the service user. The implications of this are that children and families do not get a consistent and reliable response to their permanency needs. We therefore recommend the greater use of structured decision-making tools in permanency decisions to increase their objectivity and consistency.
Kinetics of tau aggregation reveals patient-specific tau characteristics among Alzheimer’s cases
Authors: Kamath Tarun V , Klickstein Naomi , Commins Caitlin , Fernandes Analiese R , Oakley Derek H , Frosch Matthew P , Hyman Bradley T , Dujardin Simon 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The accumulation of tau aggregates throughout the human brain is the hallmark of a number of neurodegenerative conditions classified as tauopathies. Increasing evidence shows that tau aggregation occurs in a ‘prion-like’ manner, in which a small amount of misfolded tau protein can induce other, naïve tau proteins to aggregate. Tau aggregates have been found to differ structurally among different tauopathies. Recently, however, we have suggested that tau oligomeric species may differ biochemically among individual patients with sporadic Alzheimer disease, and have also showed that the bioactivity of the tau species, measured using a cell-based bioassay, also varied among individuals. Here, we adopted a live-cell imaging approach to the standard cell-based bioassay to explore further whether the kinetics of aggregation also differentiated these patients. We found that aggregation can be observed to follow a consistent pattern in all cases, with a lag phase, a growth phase and a plateau phase, which each provide quantitative parameters by which we characterize the aggregation kinetics. The length of the lag phase and magnitude of the plateau phase are both dependent upon the concentration of seeding-competent tau, the relative enrichment of which differs among patients. The slope of the growth phase correlates with morphological differences in the tau aggregates, which may be reflective of underlying structural differences. This kinetic assay confirms and refines the concept of heterogeneity in the characteristics of tau proteopathic seeds among individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and is a method by which future studies may characterize longitudinal changes in tau aggregation and the cellular processes which may influence these changes.
Sclerostin and DKK1 circulating levels associate with low bone turnover in patients with chronic kidney disease Stages 3 and 4
Authors: Neto Ricardo , Pereira Luciano , Magalhães Juliana , Quelhas-Santos Janete , Martins Sandra , Carvalho Catarina , Frazão João Miguel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundDisordered mineral and bone metabolism is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Bone biopsy remains the gold standard tool for evaluating renal osteodystrophy (ROD), but it is an invasive procedure. Despite a growing interest in the ability of newer bone biomarkers to discriminate between different forms of ROD, data on pre-dialysis patients are scarce.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in a cohort of 56 patients with CKD Stages 3 and 4. Participants underwent a transiliac bone biopsy after a course of double tetracycline labelling. Circulating levels of Wnt signalling inhibitors sclerostin and Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (sRANKL) and osteoprotegerin were measured and correlated with histomorphometric analysis results.ResultsMost patients had abnormal bone histology and low-turnover bone disease was the predominant form of ROD. Characteristics associated with high bone turnover were worse renal function, lower serum calcium and higher intact parathyroid hormone and fibroblast growth factor-23 levels. Patients with low bone turnover, on the other hand, presented with higher sclerostin along with lower DKK1 and sRANKL levels. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, sclerostin and DKK1 levels were independently associated with low-turnover bone disease.ConclusionsOur results suggest that circulating levels of Wnt signalling inhibitors sclerostin and DKK1 are predictive of low-turnover bone disease in patients not yet on dialysis. Further research is needed to assess the performance of these bone turnover biomarkers, compared with histomorphometric analysis, in the diagnosis and treatment monitoring of ROD.
Pushing against an open door: Agamben on Hadot and Foucault
Authors: Sharpe Matthew J , Stettler Matteo J 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article provides a rejoinder to Giorgio Agamben’s interpretation of the Hadot-Foucault dialogue, which appeared in the pivotal ‘Intermezzo’ of The Use of Bodies. In ‘Pushing against the open door’ section, we provide a close reading of Agamben’s claims about Hadot’s alleged misreadings of Foucault on the ancients and on subjectivity more widely. We demonstrate how, far from rebutting Hadot, these claims end up confirming the latter’s positions on Foucault malgré Agamben. In ‘Wisdom, the cosmic dimension, and the “objectivist-exercisant” self’ section, we draw on classicist Christopher Gill’s notion of the ‘objectivist-participant’ self in Greco-Roman Antiquity, to argue that the deepest stakes of the debate between Foucault and Hadot do not implicate Hadot’s incompetence, as Agamben suggests. They concern Foucault’s unease, as well as Agamben’s misunderstanding, of the objective and participative dimensions of ancient conceptions of selfhood. In ‘The ghosts of christianities past’ section, we contest the recurrent tendency of commentators, like Agamben, to assume latent carry-overs of Hadot’s early religiosity in his later works on Greek and Roman philosophy and spiritual exercises as reflecting the long shadow of Christianity in postmodern thought.
Attribution and Knowledge Creation Assemblages in Cybersecurity Politics
Authors: Egloff Florian J , Dunn Cavelty Myriam 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAttribution is central to cybersecurity politics. It establishes a link between technical occurrences and political consequences by reducing the uncertainty about who is behind an intrusion and what the likely intent was, ultimately creating cybersecurity “truths” with political consequences. In a critical security studies’ spirit, we purport that the “truth” about cyber-incidents that is established through attribution is constructed through a knowledge creation process that is neither value-free nor purely objective but built on assumptions and choices that make certain outcomes more or less likely. We conceptualize attribution as a knowledge creation process in three phases – incident creation, incident response, and public attribution – and embark on identifying who creates what kind of knowledge in this process, when they do it, and on what kind of assumptions and previous knowledge this is based on. Using assemblage theory as a backdrop, we highlight attribution as happening in complex networks that are never stable but always shifting, assembled, disassembled and reassembled in different contexts, with multiple functionalities. To illustrate, we use the intrusions at the US Office of Personnel Management (OPM) discovered in 2014 and 2015 with a focus on three factors: assumptions about threat actors, entanglement of public and private knowledge creation, and self-reflection about uncertainties. When it comes to attribution as knowledge creation processes, we critique the strong focus on existing enemy images as potentially crowding out knowledge on other threat actors, which in turn shapes the knowledge structure about security in cyberspace. One remedy, so we argue, is to bring in additional data collectors from the academic sector who can provide alternative interpretations based on independent knowledge creation processes.
An overview of graph databases and their applications in the biomedical domain
Authors: Timón-Reina Santiago , Rincón Mariano , Martínez-Tomás Rafael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOver the past couple of decades, the explosion of densely interconnected data has stimulated the research, development and adoption of graph database technologies. From early graph models to more recent native graph databases, the landscape of implementations has evolved to cover enterprise-ready requirements. Because of the interconnected nature of its data, the biomedical domain has been one of the early adopters of graph databases, enabling more natural representation models and better data integration workflows, exploration and analysis facilities. In this work, we survey the literature to explore the evolution, performance and how the most recent graph database solutions are applied in the biomedical domain, compiling a great variety of use cases. With this evidence, we conclude that the available graph database management systems are fit to support data-intensive, integrative applications, targeted at both basic research and exploratory tasks closer to the clinic.
Challenges for FAIR-compliant description and comparison of crop phenotype data with standardized controlled vocabularies
Authors: Andrés-Hernández Liliana , Halimi Razlin Azman , Mauleon Ramil , Mayes Sean , Baten Abdul , King Graham J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Crop phenotypic data underpin many pre-breeding efforts to characterize variation within germplasm collections. Although there has been an increase in the global capacity for accumulating and comparing such data, a lack of consistency in the systematic description of metadata often limits integration and sharing. We therefore aimed to understand some of the challenges facing findable, accesible, interoperable and reusable (FAIR) curation and annotation of phenotypic data from minor and underutilized crops. We used bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) as an exemplar underutilized crop to assess the ability of the Crop Ontology system to facilitate curation of trait datasets, so that they are accessible for comparative analysis. This involved generating a controlled vocabulary Trait Dictionary of 134 terms. Systematic quantification of syntactic and semantic cohesiveness of the full set of 28 crop-specific COs identified inconsistencies between trait descriptor names, a relative lack of cross-referencing to other ontologies and a flat ontological structure for classifying traits. We also evaluated the Minimal Information About a Phenotyping Experiment and FAIR compliance of bambara trait datasets curated within the CropStoreDB schema. We discuss specifications for a more systematic and generic approach to trait controlled vocabularies, which would benefit from representation of terms that adhere to Open Biological and Biomedical Ontologies principles. In particular, we focus on the benefits of reuse of existing definitions within pre- and post-composed axioms from other domains in order to facilitate the curation and comparison of datasets from a wider range of crops.
Database URL: https://www.cropstoredb.org/cs_bambara.html