bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collective Understanding, Radicalism, and Literary History, 1645-1742
Authors: Mowry Melissa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Collective Understanding, Radicalism, and Literary History reaches back to the English civil wars (1642–1646, 1648) when a distinctive and anti-authoritarian hermeneutic emerged from the dissident community known as the Levellers. Active between 1645 and 1653, the Levellers argued that a more just political order required that knowledge, previously structured by the epistemology of singularity upon which sovereignty had built its authority, be reorganized around the interpretive principles and practices of affiliation and collectivity. Defined by the century’s central ideological conflict between sovereignty’s epistemology of singularity and the civil war era plebeian “hermeneutics of collectivity,” the book contends that late Stuart and eighteenth-century literature played a central role in marginalizing the non-elite methods of interpretation and knowledge production that had emerged in the 1640s.
Coda—Out of Time
Authors: Mowry Melissa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The Coda addresses my decision to locate this project, both thematically and textually, during a particular and somewhat localized expanse of time, and to justify that choice by arguing for the value of reconfiguring the way we think about and investigate the past. Because of this decision, it will be tempting for readers to see Collective Understanding as part of the ongoing debates in literary studies about the relative merits of formalism(s) and historicism(s). In recent years, this debate has taken on a renewed sense of urgency as critics, weary of politics, suspicion, and critique, have contended that scholars have strayed too far from the proper focus of disciplinary attention; they no longer talk about literature, aesthetics, or form. Only by rejecting these former focal points, the argument goes, and returning to our disciplinary roots, can we hope to salvage the discipline as both a way of knowing and an institutional presence. It is the Coda’s contention, however, that the current iteration of this dispute does more to distract from the urgent socio-epistemological issues that literary studies faces than it does to help move us towards a meaningful resolution. Rather than rehearsing the dispute between formalism and historicism, the chapter talks about time as a vector that not only resists the process of being “dynamized into a force of history itself,” it organizes the interpretive and cognitive possibilities of hermeneutic movement.
Custom, Law, and Monarchy
Authors: Kim Marie Seong-Hak 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Ancien régime France did not have a unified law. Legal relations of the people were governed by a disorganized amalgam of norms, including provincial and local customs (coutumes), elements of Roman law and canon law that together formed jus commune, royal edicts and ordinances, and judicial decisions, all coexisting with little apparent internal coherence. The multiplicity of laws and the fragmentation of jurisdiction were the defining features of the monarchical era. A key subject in European legal history is the metamorphosis of popular customs into customary law, which covered a broad spectrum of what we call today private law. This book sets forth the evolution of law in late medieval and early modern France, from the thirteenth through the end of the eighteenth century, with particular emphasis on the royal campaigns to record and reform customs in the sixteenth century. The codification of customs in the name of the king solidified the legislative authority of the crown, the essential element of the absolute monarchy. Achievements of French legal humanism brought French custom and Roman law together to lay the foundation for the French law. The Civil Code of 1804 was the culmination of these centuries of work. Juristic, political, and constitutional approaches to the early modern state allow an understanding of French history in a continuum.
The Idea of “Our French Law”
Authors: Kim Marie Seong-Hak 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This chapter looks at how doctrinal and jurisprudential developments systematized and consolidated the legal hierarchy of the state. Reduced to written texts and published as law by the parlements, customary norms became fixed, immutable rules. Scholars eagerly commented on customs, and jurisprudence filled silences and inadequacies in them. Legal humanists challenged the conception of Roman law as jus commune and postulated custom as the common law of France. The effort to reconfigure customary law as a method and learning, commensurate with the science of Roman law, raised the expectation for bringing unity in French law. François Hotman propagated the idea that French law could be gathered and organized into a unified code on the Roman model.
Conclusion
Authors: Kim Marie Seong-Hak 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Legal reforms in early modern France marked a confluence of the crown’s judicial and legislative agenda, aimed at achieving what can be called in modern times judicial economy. They attested to the old-fashioned idea that the law, reinforced by royal authority, afforded better protection for the less-than-mighty subjects. Success in making the kingdom’s laws more systematic and equitable vindicates an important aspect of the meaning that historians and theorists have attached to the idea of a monarchie absolue. Early modern legal history has shown that a robust expression of sovereignty was intrinsically tied with the control of the sources of law. The historical forces behind the French law, long in the making, shed critical light on European legal tradition and jus commune.
Economic Clusters and Emerging Players
Authors: Joshi Mahesh K. , Klein J.R. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
For more than two decades the interconnected nature of global economics has been recognized by investors as they have observed the emerging influence and potential return from new economies. The face of these emerging economic markets continues to evolve. China and India along with other countries continue to grow at a rate better than developed economies. These nations are at different stages of economic growth and industrialization. Their political systems and philosophies are different. Grouping them together does not provide a guarantee for future returns. However, they do represent 40 per cent of the world’s population with over 3 billion people along with their increasing spending power and role in international affairs. This group of more than twenty nations with recognized potential for huge growth are the focus of much speculation. Some of these economies have become important contributors to global GDP and are emerging as leading economic powers.
Tool-Box for Change
Authors: Joshi Mahesh K. , Klein J.R. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Leaders are the primary element in navigating the complexities of the constantly changing technological and global world. They must possess or develop some unique tools and characteristics that facilitate the change journey. This chapter examines some interesting examples of the implementation of this new style and its impact framing the value of leadership’s role in the new world. Understanding the shift to technology, the nature of change, strategies, and pitfalls, is essential for success
Brexit and the Crisis of the Transatlantic Relationship
Authors: Cox Michael 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This chapter maps the changing transatlantic relations and underlines how this impacts Brexit and EU-UK relations. It points out that the view of the US government remains influential in European affairs, despite claims about transatlantic divergence. It also mentions the endorsement and encouragement of the Trump Administration of the Brexit project, while the new Biden Administration remain unwavering in its commitment in favour of the Belfast Good Friday Agreement and the Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland. The chapter suggests that Brexit should not just be regarded as a UK-European affair but one of the biggest geopolitical shifts since the Second World War. It discusses the Trump phenomenon and why it represented a threat to both the transatlantic relationship and the European project.
Brexit and the Implementation of the Withdrawal Agreement
Authors: Schiek Dagmar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This chapter analyses the implementation of the Agreement on the withdrawal of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU) of January 2020 (Withdrawal Agreement—WA) during the transition period in 2020 up to the first quarter of 2021. While formally transitory, the WA governs continuing bonds which will endure for decades. The chapter focuses on two fields in which this particularly prevalent, Part Two of the WA and the Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland. Both manage permanent situations, the need to protect the reliance of EU citizens on the durability of their rights after moving to the UK or from the UK into the EU, and the need to manage the hybridity of Northern Ireland between Ireland and the UK. Implementing those remnants of EU membership constitutes a permanent struggle. This chapter elaborates the ensuing difficulties and concludes with practical proposals for how to alleviate negative repercussion.
Financial Services
Authors: Moloney Niamh 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines the implications of the Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) for financial services. It outlines the major features of the TCA as regards financial services and considers the limitations of the TCA as regards securing access by UK financial services firms to the EU financial market. Given these limitations, the chapter reviews the major access routes to the EU financial market which EU law makes available for UK financial services firms and addresses the future for the ‘equivalence’ regime.
Data Protection
Authors: Celeste Edoardo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This chapter delves into data protection, which is considered a cross-cutting issue and relevant for bilateral economic and security relations. It examines the ad hoc transitional solution set in the Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) that secures the continuing transfer of data between the UK and the EU. It also assesses the Commission adequacy decision that is designed to regulate commercial data transfers from June 2021 onwards. The chapter discusses the fate of the new EU-UK data protection framework, which is dependent on action by the EU Court of Justice (ECJ). It aims to reconstruct how the UK data protection framework has evolved in the last four years, from the time of the Brexit referendum to the conclusion of the TCA.
Electronic Structure and Magnetism
Authors: Kübler Jürgen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The fundamental magnetic properties of iron, cobalt, and nickel are the center of interest, beginning with historical attempts and Stoner’s theory. Stoner susceptibility is derived in a modern way by Janak finding that only those three carry a magnetic moment in elementary metals. The energy-band structures of all transition elements are connected with their repective phase stability which is obtained by means of density-functional calculations. The band structure of the ferromagnetic metals is obtained and compared with angle-resolved photoemission data. The electronic structure of the antiferromagnetic metals, Cr, Mn, and fcc Fe is clarified. Next, the magnetic moments of transition-metal compounds are classified by means of the Slater–Pauling curve and a large number of compounds are half-metallic supplying spin-polarized transport. Multilayers realize oscillatory exchange and show unusual electronic properties such as giant magnetoresistance which is discussed in detail. Tunnel junctions supply spin valves. Relativistic effects in solids are of importance for magnetocrystalline anisotropy and spectroscopic effects. Kubo theory supplies the basic understanding of the magneto-optical Kerr effect for which a number of examples are given. Noncollinear magnetic order reveals novel interaction mechanisms, such as the Dzyaloshinsky–Moriya interaction. The Berry phase explains the anomalous Hall effect as well as the Nernst effect and leads to the field of topology in the solid state. Weyl fermions are also explored.
Introduction
Authors: Mancosu Paolo , Galvan Sergio , Zach Richard 
Published: October 2021

AbstractProof theory arose as a mathematical solution to a problem in the philosophy of mathematics. In the first third of the twentieth century, debates raged among philosophers and mathematicians about the safety of mathematical reasoning. David Hilbert proposed to safeguard classical mathematics by formalizing it using the then-new tools of symbolic logic, and using philosophically uncontentious methods to prove that these formal systems are free from contradiction, i.e., consistent. To carry out this project, Gerhard Gentzen developed a number of formal systems in the 1930s, and proved the consistency of elementary number theory. The chapter surveys the historical background of the development of proof theory arising out of the foundational debate and Hilbert’s program, discusses the significance of Gentzen’s work, and outlines some developments in proof theory after Gentzen.
Normal deductions
Authors: Mancosu Paolo , Galvan Sergio , Zach Richard 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe concept of a normal deduction is introduced as a way to capture the notion of a “direct” proof, i.e., one that makes no detours. The latter happens, e.g., when a formula is introduced first by a rule of introduction (say, starting from A and B to introduce the conjunction A ∧ B) and is followed immediately by an elimination of the same connective (yielding, for instance, A). A normalization theorem proves that if one has a proof with detours then there is a proof without detours. Proving such more advanced results in proof theory requires more complex proof methods than simple induction. A first step to more complex proofs is the use of double induction. A first application of double induction is the proof of normalization for a fragment of minimal logic containing conjunction, implication, negation, and the universal quantifier. The result is extended to full intuitionistic logic, followed by a discussion of the structure of normal deductions. Normal deductions have the sub-formula property, and so cannot be proofs of contradictions. This shows that natural deduction is consistent. Normalization can also be used to show that certain formulas cannot be proved, e.g., that the principle of excluded middle cannot be proved in intuitionistic logic. Finally, a full proof of normalization for full classical logic is given.
In Defence of the Human Being
Authors: Fuchs Thomas 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
With the progress of artificial intelligence, the digitalization of the lifeworld, and the reduction of the mind to neuronal processes, the human being appears more and more as a product of data and algorithms. Thus, we conceive ourselves “in the image of our machines,” and conversely, we elevate our machines and our brains to new subjects. At the same time, demands for an enhancement of human nature culminate in transhumanist visions of taking human evolution to a new stage. Against this self-reification of the human being, the present book defends a humanism of embodiment: our corporeality, vitality, and embodied freedom are the foundations of a self-determined existence, which uses the new technologies only as means instead of submitting to them. The book offers an array of interventions directed against a reductionist naturalism in various areas of science and society. As an alternative, it offers an embodied and enactive account of the human person: we are neither pure minds nor brains, but primarily embodied, living beings in relation with others. This general concept is applied to issues such as artificial intelligence (AI), transhumanism and enhancement, virtual reality, neuroscience, embodied freedom, psychiatry, and finally to the accelerating dynamics of current society which lead to an increasing disembodiment of our everyday life. The book thus applies cutting-edge concepts of embodiment and enactivism to current scientific, technological, and cultural tendencies that will crucially influence our society’s development in the twenty-first century.
The Great Stoic Revival
Authors: Sherman Nancy 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Why is Stoicism the new Zen of the West now? In part, the need for finding calm is ever pressing. In the tech world, work weeks can be manic, the lead-up to new funding rounds even tougher, and the pressure to design products that are both user-friendly and examples of smart engineering leads to stress and burnout. Stoicism offers lifehacks for detoxing from anxiety and stress. For the alt-right, it has the additional badge of being a philosophy of “dead white men.” The Covid-19 pandemic added a new layer of anxiety as people faced stresses from social isolation, job losses, massive death, and basic fear. The pandemic made clear that people need ways of preparing themselves, emotionally and psychologically, for worst-case scenarios. Individuals are hungry for ways of dialing down anxiety and tempering despair. Stoicism is an uncanny mix of a philosophy of empowerment and a philosophy of accepting what lies beyond full human control with equanimity. The book distills lessons for modern resilience with concrete meditation guides for the art of living well.
Can Capital Punishment Survive If Black Lives Matter?
Authors: Cholbi Michael , Madva Alex 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Drawing upon empirical studies of racial discrimination, the Movement for Black Lives platform calls for the abolition of capital punishment. The authors defend the Movement’s claim that the death penalty in the United States is a “racist practice” that “devalues Black lives.” They first sketch the jurisprudential history of race and capital punishment in the United States, wherein courts have occasionally expressed worries about racial injustice but have usually called for reform rather than abolition. They argue that the racial discrimination at issue flows in part from implicit biases concerning race, criminality, and violence, which do not fit comfortably within the picture of racial bias advanced by the courts. The case for abolition rests on Black Americans as a class (not merely those who interact with the criminal justice system as capital defendants or as murder victims) being subject to such bias and thereby not being accorded equal status under the law.
Ecosocial Theory, Embodied Truths, and the People's Health
Authors: Krieger Nancy 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This book employs the ecosocial theory of disease distribution to combine critical political and economic analysis with a deep engagement with biology, in societal, ecological, and historical context. It illuminates what embodying (in)justice entails and the embodied truths revealed by population patterns of health. Chapter 1 explains ecosocial theory and its focus on multilevel spatiotemporal processes of embodying (in)justice, across the lifecourse and historical generations, as shaped by the political economy and political ecology of the societies in which people live. The counter is to dominant narratives that attribute primary causal agency to people’s allegedly innate biology and their allegedly individual (and decontextualized) health behaviors. Chapter 2 discusses application of ecosocial theory to analyze: the health impacts of Jim Crow and its legal abolition; racialized and economic breast cancer inequities; the joint health impacts of physical and social hazards at work (including racism, sexism, and heterosexism) and relationship hazards (involving unsafe sex and violence); and measures of structural injustice. Chapter 3 explores embodied truths and health justice, in relation to: police violence; climate change; fossil fuel extraction and sexually transmitted infectious disease: health benefits of organic food—for whom? ; public monuments, symbols, and the people’s health; and light, vision, and the health of people and other species. The objective is to inform critical and practical research, actions, and alliances to advance health equity—and to strengthen the people’s health—in a deeply troubled world on a threatened planet.
Advancing Research on Efficacy Beliefs
Authors: Feltz Deborah L. , Beauchamp Mark R. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of self-efficacy theory in sport and physical activity settings, including measurement issues, team dynamics and collective efficacy, and relational efficacy beliefs. Five major research questions are posed to stimulate future research. These are (a) What functional properties and directional paths work best to predict behavior in sport and physical activity contexts? (b) What measurement, methodological, and analytic advances can be used to improve our understanding of the dynamic processes involved in the relationships between efficacy beliefs and behavioral responses in physical activity contexts? (c) How might teamwork processes and structure foster improvements in collective efficacy? (d) How can we design research to disentangle the interrelationships among relational efficacy beliefs? and (e) What do the trajectories of self-efficacy beliefs look like across the life course? The importance of each question and suggestions for ways to pursue answers are provided.
Flow and Clutch States
Authors: Swann Christian , Goddard Scott , Jackman Patricia C. , Schweickle Matthew J , Vella Stewart 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Increased performance and rewarding experiences are among the core goals of sport psychology. Flow, studied since the 1970s, has traditionally been viewed as the primary psychological state underlying such occasions. Recently, however, it has been suggested that research on flow is approaching a “crisis point,” and that there is a need to shift toward a more constructive program of research. Specifically, this includes consideration of “clutch states,” which share experiential characteristics with flow but occur through different contexts and processes, leading to different psychological outcomes. The similarities and differences between these states have been tentatively outlined in the Integrated Model of Flow and Clutch States. This chapter presents future directions for the study of flow and clutch states in sport, exercise, and performance psychology to help move the field beyond the “crisis point” and ultimately provide evidence-based guidance that athletes, coaches, and practitioners can use to reliably achieve these sought-after states.
Mental Skills
Authors: Collins Dave , Richards Hugh 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This chapter considers issues in optimizing the impact and efficacy of mental skills training (MST). Balancing MST focus between performance, well-being, and character development is essential and requires data-driven case conceptualization. Effective professional judgment and decision-making underpins development of effective MST, enabling consideration of aspects such as timing, sequencing, and periodization, which determine the optimum “blend” of intervention techniques and delivery. Three interacting factors underpin effective application of MST. Relevant performer characteristics (e.g., gender, age, maturity) and special circumstances (injury, retirement) interact with practitioner characteristics such as level of experience, specific training, and preference/expertise with certain skills. Interactions are also influenced by cultural/contextual factors, from normative expectations of service delivery to contractual conditions and geographical locations (online/remote). The actual benefit of mental skills can only be realized when the provider both comprehends how to plan and deliver effectively and can navigate influential factors appropriately.