bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endothelial dysfunction and body mass index: is there a role for plasma peroxynitrite?
Authors: Chikopela Theresa , Heimburger Douglas C. , Kaluba Longa , Hamambulu Pharaoh , Simfukwe Newton , Mutale Wilbroad , Koethe John R. , Goma Fastone 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Endothelial function is dependent on the balance between vasoconstrictive and vasodilatory substances. The endothelium ability to produce nitric oxide is one of the most crucial mechanisms in regulating vascular tone. An increase in inducible nitric oxide synthase contributes to endothelial dysfunction in overweight persons, while oxidative stress contributes to the conversion of nitric oxide to peroxynitrite (measured as nitrotyrosine in vivo) in underweight persons. The objective of this study was to elucidate the interaction of body composition and oxidative stress on vascular function and peroxynitrite. This was done through an experimental design with three weight groups (underweight, normal weight and overweight), with four treatment arms in each. Plasma nitrotyrosine levels were measured 15–20 h post lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment, as were aortic ring tension changes. Acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) challenges were used to observe endothelial-dependent and endothelial-independent vascular relaxation after pre-constriction of aortic rings with phenylephrine.

Results
Nitrotyrosine levels in saline-treated rats were similar among the weight groups. There was a significant increase in nitrotyrosine levels between saline-treated rats and those treated with the highest lipopolysaccharide doses in each of the weight groups. In response to ACh challenge, Rmax (percentage reduction in aortic tension) was lowest in overweight rats (112%). In response to SNP, there was an insignificantly lower Rmax in the underweight rats (106%) compared to the normal weight rats (112%). Overweight rats had a significant decrease in Rmax (83%) in response to SNP, signifying involvement of a more chronic process in tension reduction changes. A lower Rmax accompanied an increase in peroxynitrite after acetylcholine challenge in all weight groups.

Conclusions
Endothelial dysfunction, observed as an impairment in the ability to reduce tension, is associated with increased plasma peroxynitrite levels across the spectrum of body mass. In higher-BMI rats, an additional role is played by vascular smooth muscle in the causation of endothelial dysfunction.
Traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of Cochlospermum tinctorium A. Rich (Cochlospermaceae): a review
Authors: Ahmad Mubarak Hussaini , Jatau Abubakar Ibrahim , Khalid Garba M. , Alshargi Omar Yahya 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
The plant Cochlospermum tinctorium A. Rich is a sub-shrub that belongs to the family Cochlospermaceae. The plant has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of malaria, rickets, stomachache, diarrhea, gastric ulcer, parasitic infestations, liver diseases, fever, pain, inflammation, infectious diseases, epilepsy, snake bite, burns, orchitis, labour, menstrual problems, and many other diseases. This review summarizes the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of Cochlospermum tinctorium.

Main text
To date, few bioactive molecules have been identified and isolated from the plant such as 7,3-dimethyldihydroquercelin, 5,4-dimethylquercelin, cochloxanthine, dihydrocochloxanthine, arjunolic acid, 3-O-E-p-coumaroylalphitolic acid, alphitolic acid, 1-hydroxytetradecan-3-one, 3-bisabolen, 2-tridecanone, 3-hexadecanone, 1-dodecanol, l-tetradecanol, 2-pentdecanone, 3-octadecanone, 1-hydroxy-3-hexadecanone, 1-nonadecanol, l-O-acetyl-3-hexadecanone, and l-hydroxy-3-oetadecanone. The literature related some of the reported ethnomedicinal uses of the plant to these compounds found in the different parts of the plant.

Conclusion
The comprehensive information documented in this review about the importance of the C. tinctorium may provide an opportunity for research advancement in drug discovery and a better understanding of the medicinal benefits of the plant.
Impact of a 40-Gene Targeted Panel Test on Physician Decision Making for Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Barnell Erica K. , Newcomer Kenneth F. , Skidmore Zachary L. , Krysiak Kilannin , Anderson Sydney R. , Wartman Lukas D. , Oh Stephen T. , Welch John S. , Stockerl-Goldstein Keith E. , Vij Ravi , Cashen Amanda F. , Pusic Iskra , Westervelt Peter , Abboud Camille N. , Ghobadi Armin , Uy Geoffrey L. , Schroeder Mark A. , Dipersio John F. , Politi Mary C. , Spencer David H. , Duncavage Eric J. , Ley Timothy J. , Griffith Malachi , Jacoby Meagan A. , Griffith Obi L. 
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE Physicians treating hematologic malignancies increasingly order targeted sequencing panels to interrogate recurrently mutated genes. The precise impact of these panels on clinical decision making is not well understood. METHODS Here, we report our institutional experience with a targeted 40-gene panel (MyeloSeq) that is used to generate a report for both genetic variants and variant allele frequencies for the treating physician (the limit of mutation detection is approximately one AML cell in 50). RESULTS In total, 346 sequencing reports were generated for 325 patients with suspected hematologic malignancies over an 8-month period (August 2018 to April 2019). To determine the influence of genomic data on clinical care for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we analyzed 122 consecutive reports from 109 patients diagnosed with AML and surveyed the treating physicians with a standardized questionnaire. The panel was ordered most commonly at diagnosis (61.5%), but was also used to assess response to therapy (22.9%) and to detect suspected relapse (15.6%). The panel was ordered at multiple timepoints during the disease course for 11% of patients. Physicians self-reported that 50 of 114 sequencing reports (44%) influenced clinical care decisions in 44 individual patients. Influences were often nuanced and extended beyond identifying actionable genetic variants with US Food and Drug Administration–approved drugs. CONCLUSION This study provides insights into how physicians are currently using multigene panels capable of detecting relatively rare AML cells. The most influential way to integrate these tools into clinical practice will be to perform prospective clinical trials that assess patient outcomes in response to genomically driven interventions.
Under-Theorized and Under-Taught
Authors: May Vivian M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Interpretive approaches to Black women’s insurgency can stifle as much as they reveal. Harriet Tubman is deservedly remembered for her sustained resistance to multiple forms of oppression. Yet, she is often made visible in ways that distort, rendering her invisible. Scholars often warp Tubman’s contributions by presenting her as an exceptional but lone figure, by animating stereotypes of Black women’s unparalleled strength, or by fragmenting her activism via single-issue lenses. Critics also draw on maternal or salvific frames to soften Tubman’s militancy or enfold her into the nation’s triumphal narrative (misrepresenting Tubman and erasing how systems of oppression she challenged continue today). Unfortunately, such forms of “checking” Tubman go relatively “unchecked” in feminist scholarship, where Tubman’s work is often not viewed as relevant to core feminist theories, concepts, methods, or curricula. However, Tubman’s contributions should be understood as pertinent to women’s studies, particularly from within women of color theoretical traditions.
March against Racism and Violence and in Favor of Living Well (bem viver), Brasilia 2015
Authors: Ferreira Claudia , Medeiros Adriana 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
These three brief pieces formed part of a two-part special issue (vol. 4, nos. 1 and 2, 2016) on Afro-Descendant Feminisms in Latin America. The unprecedented nationwide mobilizational process that culminated in the first-ever Marcha das Mulheres Negras contra o Racismo e a Violência e pelo Bem Viver (Black Women’s March against Racism and Violence and for Living Well), which brought tens of thousands of Black women to Brasília on November 18, 2015, is described in an opening essay by Alvarez. It is followed by one of the several Manifestos produced by Marcha organizers, which captures the core political and theoretical issues discussed in hundreds of events across every sector of Afro-descendant women’s activism and women from the mixed-gender Brazilian Black movement as well. Finally, a photo essay by Brazilian photographers Claudia Ferreira and Adriana Medeiros offers a vivid glimpse into what many consider a watershed moment in the Afro-Brazilian feminist movement.
Effect of Glycine Position on the Inner Diameter of Supramolecular Nanotubes Consisting of Glycolipid Monolayer Membranes
Authors: Kameta Naohiro , Ding Wuxiao , Masuda Mitsutoshi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Three novel glycolipids were synthesized by amide bond formation among a d-gluconolactone, 12-aminododecanoic acids, and a glycine. Self-assembly of the glycolipids in water produced nanotubes, in which the glycolipids were tilted, packed in parallel, and formed monolayer membranes. The inner diameters of the nanotubes were smaller in glycolipids with a shorter distance between the glycine unit and the glucose headgroup. X-ray diffraction, infrared, and circular-dichroism spectroscopy revealed that the nanotubes with smaller inner diameter had weaker intermolecular hydrogen bonds between glycolipids and larger supramolecular chirality amplified by twist packing of the tilted glycolipids within the monolayer membranes. J-type aggregates of achiral dye molecules encapsulated into nanotubes with smaller inner diameter exhibited induced circular dichroism. These findings should be useful for the fine tuning of the inner diameter of supramolecular nanotubes.
Tagging Items Automatically Based on Both Content Information and Browsing Behaviors
Authors: Liu Shen , Liu Hongyan 
Published: January 2021

Tags have been adopted by many online services as a method to manage their online resources. Effective tagging benefits both users and firms. In real applications providing a user tagging mechanism, only a small portion of tags are usually provided by users. Therefore, an automatic tagging method, which can assign tags to different items automatically, is urgently needed. Previous works on automatic tagging focus on exploring the tagging behavior of users or the content information of items. In online service platforms, users frequently browse items related to their interests, which implies users’ judgment about the underlying features of items and is helpful for automatic tagging. Browsing-behavior records are much more plentiful compared with tagging behavior and easy to collect. However, existing studies about automatic tagging ignore this kind of information. To properly integrate both browsing behaviors and content information for automatic tagging, we propose a novel probabilistic graphical model and develop a new algorithm for the model parameter inference. We conduct thorough experiments on a real-world data set to evaluate and analyze the performance of our proposed method. The experimental results demonstrate that our approach achieves better performance than state-of-the-art automatic tagging methods. Summary of Contribution. In this paper, we study how to automatically assign tags to items in an e-commerce background. Our study is about how to perform item tagging for e-commerce and other online service providers so that consumers can easily find what they need and firms can manage their resources effectively. Specifically, we study if consumer browsing behavior can be utilized to perform the tagging task automatically, which can save efforts of both firms and consumers. Additionally, we transform the problem into how to find the most proper tags for items and propose a novel probabilistic graphical model to model the generation process of tags. Finally, we develop a variational inference algorithm to learn the model parameters, and the model shows superior performance over competing benchmark models. We believe this study contributes to machine learning techniques.
The external realities of people with type 2 diabetes—Understanding disease perspective and self-management behaviour via Grounded Theory Approach
Authors: Swarna Nantha Yogarabindranath , Chelliah Azriel Abisheg Paul , Haque Shamsul , Yen Gan Kim , Md. Zain Anuar Zaini 
Published: January 2021

Background
Qualitative strategies can uncover the relationship between the external realities of people living with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the barriers that are associated with disease self-management. Information from in-depth interviews (IDI) and focus group discussions (FGD) can be used to devise psychological models that could potentially facilitate behaviour changes in people with T2D. We aim to identify salient factors that govern the external realities of people with T2D in relation to disease management.

Methods
A qualitative study was conducted at a regional primary care clinic in Malaysia using a Grounded Theory Approach. People with T2D were recruited through purposeful sampling to determine their living experiences with the disease. A total of 34 IDIs with 24 people with T2D and 10 health care professionals, followed by two FGDs with people with T2D, were conducted.

Results
Three major processes that arbitrate self-management practices include– 1) external reality, 2) internal reality, 3) mediators of behaviour. Within the context of external reality, three important sub-themes were identified—intrinsic background status, personal experience, and worldview. Lifestyle habits of persons with T2D play a central role in their disease management. Another common recurring concern is the issue of a low-quality food environment in the country. More importantly, individuals with T2D have a high degree of expectations for a more person-centered approach to their illness.

Conclusions
We identified modifiable and non-modifiable behavioural factors that influence the daily living environment of people with T2D. This information can be used to customize the management of T2D through targeted behavioural interventions.
Pandemic-related attitudes, stressors and work outcomes among medical assistants during the SARS-CoV-2 (“Coronavirus”) pandemic in Germany: A cross-sectional Study
Authors: Dreher Annegret , Pietrowsky Reinhard , Loerbroks Adrian 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundThe SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread rapidly around the globe since December 2019 creating much uncertainty among medical staff. Due to close patient contact, medical assistants are at increased risk of an infection. Several studies have investigated psychological consequences of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on medical staff, yet studies in the outpatient setting are scarce and studies addressing medical assistants are lacking. This study aimed to investigate pandemic-related stressors, attitudes, and work outcomes among medical assistants and to identify possible determinants.MethodsThe population under study were medical assistants across entire Germany. A self-devised online questionnaire was published between April 7th, 2020, and April 14th. including questions on pandemic-related stressors, attitudes and work outcomes. Additionally, symptoms of depression and anxiety disorder were measured by PHQ-2 and GAD-2, respectively. Logistic regression was performed to identify possible determinants.Results2150 medical assistants provided complete data (98.0% female, mean age 37.6 years). Major stressors were uncertainty about the temporal scope of the pandemic (95.1% agreement), about how to act correctly (77.5%), feelings of not being allowed to let patients down (75.9%), uncertainty about one’s financial situation (67.4%) and about contact persons for further information (67.1%). One third (29.9%) of the study population screened positively for depression and 42.6% for anxiety disorder. Feeling burdened by one’s financial situation was significantly associated with working in specialist practices (1.32 [1.08–1.62]), caring for children (1.51 [1.22–1.87]), depression (1.28 [1.01–1.62]), and anxiety disorder (1.93 [1.55–2.39]). Feeling burdened by thoughts about virus contraction at work was also significantly associated with working in specialist practices (1.33 [1.07–1.64]), caring for children (1.33 [1.07–1.66]), depression (1.54 [1.18–2.00]), and anxiety (4.71 [3.71–5.98]).ConclusionsThis study provides novel evidence regarding major SARS-CoV-2 pandemic-related stressors among medical assistants and suggests need for special support for medical assistants caring for children and working in specialist practices.
A Rare Case of Metastatic Colon Cancer in a Patient With Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tongue
Authors: Khan Sikandar , Ur Rahman Asad , Castillo Michael , Riaz Amir , Miret Rafael , Bejarano Pablo , Castro-Pavia Fernando 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the colon, both primary and metastatic, are extremely rare malignancies. We present a case of a 60-year-old man with metastatic SCC of the tongue status after radiation and chemotherapy who presented with fatigue and melena. Colonoscopy revealed a 5 cm mass in the transverse colon. Pathology established the diagnosis of poorly differentiated SCC with p16 immunostaining, similar to biopsies from his initially diagnosed lingual cancer. To the best of our knowledge, there are no previously reported cases of primary SCC of the tongue metastasizing to the colon.
Increased Fecal Neopterin Parallels Gastrointestinal Symptoms in COVID-19
Authors: Grabherr Felix , Effenberger Maria , Pedrini Alisa , Mayr Lisa , Schwärzler Julian , Reider Simon , Enrich Barbara , Fritsche Gernot , Wildner Sophie , Bellmann-Weiler Rosa , Weiss Günter , Scholl-Bürgi Sabine , Müller Thomas , Moschen Alexander , Adolph Timon E. , Tilg Herbert 
Published: January 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread from Wuhan, China, and become a worldwide pandemic. Most patients display respiratory symptoms but up to 50% report gastrointestinal symptoms. Neopterin is a surrogate marker for viral inflammation, and its production by macrophages is driven by interferon-γ.

METHODS:
We measured fecal neopterin in 37 hospitalized COVID-19 patients not requiring intensive care measures and 22 healthy controls.

RESULTS:
Fecal neopterin was elevated in stool samples from COVID-19 patients compared with that in samples from healthy controls. Especially, patients reporting gastrointestinal symptoms exhibited increased fecal neopterin values.

DISCUSSION:
COVID-19 is associated with an inflammatory immune response in the gastrointestinal tract.
High-Dose Proton Pump Inhibitors Are Superior to Standard-Dose Proton Pump Inhibitors in High-Risk Patients With Bleeding Ulcers and High-Risk Stigmata After Endoscopic Hemostasis
Authors: Zhu Zhenhua , Lai Yongkang , Ouyang Liu , Lv Nonghua , Chen Youxiang , Shu Xu 
Published: January 2021

INTRODUCTION:
To define the best cutoff of the Glasgow-Blatchford score (GBS) for identifying high- and low-risk rebleeding patients with bleeding ulcers and high-risk stigmata after endoscopic hemostasis and compare the efficacy of high-dose and standard-dose intravenous proton pump inhibitors (HD-IVPs and SD-IVPs, respectively) in this patient population.

METHODS:
We retrospectively reviewed the data of 346 patients with bleeding ulcers and high-risk stigmata who underwent endoscopic hemostasis between March 2014 and September 2018 in our center and were divided into an HD-IVP group and an SD-IVP group. Propensity score–matching analysis was performed to control for selection bias and other potential confounders. Recurrent bleeding rates were calculated according to the GBS.

RESULTS:
Overall, 346 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled, with 89 patients in the SD-IVP group and 89 patients in the HD-IVP group after matching with all baseline characteristics balanced (P > 0.05). GBS = 8 was the best cutoff for identifying high-risk rebleeding patients (GBS ≥ 8) with a significant difference (P = 0.015) in recurrence rate between the SD-IVP (17/61, 27.9%) and HD-IVP (7/65, 10.8%) groups and low-risk rebleeding patients (GBS < 8) with no difference (P = 1) in recurrence rate between the SD-IVP (2/28, 7.1%) and HD-IVP (2/24, 8.3%) groups.

DISCUSSION:
The best cutoff for identifying high-risk and low-risk rebleeding patients with bleeding ulcers and high-risk stigmata after endoscopic hemostasis was GBS = 8. Although HD-IVP is more effective than SD-IVP in high-risk patients, they are equally effective in low-risk patients.
Clinically important drug–drug interactions in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19: drug pairs, risk factors, and management
Authors: Mahboobipour Amir Ali , Baniasadi Shadi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging viral infection without any approved treatment. Investigational therapies for COVID-19 may cause clinically important drug–drug interactions (DDIs). We aimed to study potential DDIs (pDDIs) and their risk factors in COVID-19 patients admitted to the hospital.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study in a tertiary respiratory hospital dedicated to COVID-19 patients. The Lexi-Interact database was used to investigate clinically important pDDIs. The database output including interacting drug pairs, risk rating, reliability rating, mechanism, and management was evaluated. Associations between the occurrence of pDDIs and probable risk factors were assessed by logistic regression analysis.

Results
Medical charts of 227 patients were reviewed. About 38% of the patients had at least one clinically important pDDI. More than half of the interactions were between protease inhibitors (lopinavir/ritonavir) and regularly prescribed medications for the management of comorbidities or COVID-19 symptoms (e.g., atorvastatin, alprazolam, salmeterol, and tamsulosin). Ischemic heart disease, chronic respiratory diseases, and ICU admission were significantly associated with the occurrence of pDDIs.

Conclusions
We recommend considering the risk factors for the emergence of clinically important DDIs in the pharmacotherapy of COVID-19 patients. Using an alternative medication or dose adjustments may be required in high-risk patients.