bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Kettlebell Swing Style and Mass on Female Hip Joint Kinetics
Authors: Murphy Kasey M , Riemann Bryan L 
Published: January 2025

Background Kettlebell (KB) swing exercises, whether performed using shoulder height (SHS) or overhead (OHS) swing variations in therapeutic or strength and conditioning settings, are posterior chain dominant exercises that require hip extension contributions when performed correctly. Purpose/ Hypothesis The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of swing style (SHS, OHS) and KB mass on hip extension kinematics and kinetics in young adult females. A secondary purpose was to determine the effects of swing style and KB mass on the forces applied to the total body center of mass and KB. It was hypothesized that velocity, power, and work would be greater for the OHS compared to the SHS, as well as for the heavier compared to the lighter KB’s. Study Design Crossover study design. Methods Fifteen physically active females performed 15 swings under four conditions, SHS/12kg, SHS/16kg, OHS/12kg, and OHS/16kg, while three-dimensional dominant limb foot, shank, thigh, pelvis, and KB kinematic and ground reaction force (GRF) data were collected. Results KB distance (95%CIDiff: 17.5–25.1 %BH), time (95%CIDiff: 0.067–0.023 s), and peak velocity (95%CIDiff: 0.56–0.74 m‧s-1) were significantly greater during the OHS (p<0.05). During OHS, significantly greater hip joint peak power (95%CIDiff: 1.6–4.1 W‧kg-1), work (95%CIDiff: 0.104–0.527), peak velocity (95%CIDiff: 7.6–40.5 °‧s-1) occurred compared to SHS, although the time and hip angular position of peak velocity and peak power were not statistically different between styles. Conclusions These results may influence choices of KB progressions, suggesting that one may first consider changes in KB mass prior to changing from the SHS style to the OHS style. Level of Evidence Level 3
The Influence of Cognitive Dual Tasking on the Outcomes of the Triple Hop Test Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Ricupito Roberto , Grassi Alberto , Zanuso Matteo , Torneri Paolo 
Published: January 2025

Introduction Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction involves prolonged rehabilitation, with Return to Sport (RTS) as a key goal for athletes. Integrating Dual Task (DT) strategies, which combine cognitive and physical tasks, is critical, as multitasking mirrors real-world and sports-specific demands. Assessing how distractions affect performance is essential to optimize RTS outcomes for both the reconstructed and healthy limbs. Purpose To analyze the influence of DT on the performance of the Triple Hop Test for distance (THD) in individuals’ status post ACL reconstruction. Study type Cross Sectional Materials and Methods Seventeen patients post-ACL were recruited and performed THD under two conditions: single task (standard condition) and dual task (with an added neurocognitive task). Assessments were conducted on both the healthy and the previously injured limb over six meters, measured via a standard measuring tape. Paired t-tests and Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon or Kruskal-Wallis tests were applied to investigate differences. Categorical variables were compared using chi-squared tests. Results There was a significant difference in average distance between single task performances in the healthy and previously operated limbs, with a difference of 20.71 cm (p=0.016). A significant difference was also observed in DT performance, with a distance variation of 10.41 cm (p=0.038). Comparing performances, both the healthy and the ACL-reconstructed limbs showed performance deterioration under DT conditions, with a greater percentage decline in the healthy limb. Conclusions Dual Task conditions appear to hinder performance in the THD in both the healthy and post-ACL reconstructed limbs. Level Of Evidence 3b
Sibling’s Support and Menstrual Hygiene among Early Adolescent Girls in Serang District, Banten Province, Indonesia
Authors: Wahyuni Tri , Ritanti Ritanti 
Published: January 2025

Menstrual hygiene is critical for preventing adverse health outcomes, yet many adolescent girls in low and middle-income countries, including Indonesia, face barriers such as inadequate knowledge, limited access to sanitary materials, and cultural taboos, increasing their risk of reproductive tract infections. This study aims to determine the prevalence of bad menstrual hygiene and its association with sibling support and information exposure among early adolescent girls in Banten Province, Indonesia. This cross-sectional study involved 367 early adolescent girls aged 12–15 years who had experienced menarche, selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. The prevalence of bad menstrual hygiene was 53.68% (197/367). Sibling support (adjusted OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.85–0.99, p = 0.045) was a protective factor, while information exposure (adjusted OR = 2.79, 95% CI: 1.81–4.30, p < 0.001) significantly increased the risk of bad menstrual hygiene. A high prevalence of bad menstrual hygiene was observed among early adolescent girls in Banten Province. Strengthening sibling support and improving information exposure could be effective strategies to enhance menstrual hygiene management.
The relationship of gender differences to social development.
Authors: Latif Saber Hazhar , Ali Saeed Barzanji Abdulhamid 
Published: January 2025

The main purposes of this study are to demonstrate the relationship between gender differences and social development. This study relies on theories (biology, social roles and gender differences) and the factors that underlie gender differences to analyze this relationship, through the use of descriptive analytical methods.
The most important conclusions that this study achieved are: There is a wide gender gap in human society in terms of roles, especially in Kurdish society. Gender differences were also based on culture, political power, education and family, which are important social development agencies. There is also an inverse exchange relationship between gender differences and social development, as much as the differences will be extended, social development will be narrowed.
The Relationship of Culture with the Formation of Kurdish Individual Personality
Authors: Patros Elias Saleem , Saadi Sabir Rzhgar 
Published: January 2025

This research is entitled (The Relationship of Culture with the Formation of Kurdish Individual Personality). It is theoretical research. For the purpose of knowing the relationship of cultural aspects such as tradition and social value on the formation of the Kurdish individual personality. culture has a major role on forming the Kurdish individual personality. They can generate an individual that they want, since value, direction, norm, and tradition are the measures that help individuals in the form of general culture of society so as to adjust with the environment that live in it.
The problem of the study is that the Kurdish individuals have been lived in instable society along the history, because of that they could not carry out their special intentions. Besides, they were not able to make a decisive decision concerning the variations’ process of cultural aspects.
The significance of the research is to indicate the role of culture on the behaviour of Kurdish individual’s reaction and tied relationship. Meanwhile, the most significant aim of the study was indicating the role of tradition and social values on the behaviour of Kurdish individuals.
The most significant result of the study was the complication of Kurdish society’s social system. The Kurdish individuals have always distanced itself from breaking its cultural aspects, as if it breaks the rules and laws of society, it will face difficulty. If it repeats again, It will be looked as a lawbreaker, so it will make an impact on social values inside community and family as well.
The most important recommendation for the future researchers is that they should do more studies on traditions and social values related to the formation of the Kurdish individual personality. Moreover, they should pay more attention to more scientific studies Kurdish individuals’ social values.
Sensor Layout Design for Structural Health Monitoring
Authors: Kyung JungHyun , An Jae-Hyoung , Eun Hee-Chang 
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the enhancement of optimal sensor placement (OSP) algorithms by incorporating modal reduction constraints and developing combined techniques. The primary goal is to optimize sensor placement for structural health monitoring (SHM), thereby improving the efficiency of information acquisition within practical constraints. The proposed methodology utilizes iterative elimination and combined criteria to evaluate various sensor configurations. Numerical experiments demonstrate distinct sensor layouts derived from diverse algorithmic approaches. The study's novel contributions include the integration of modal strain energy, effective independence (EI), and modal assurance criterion (MAC) techniques into a unified framework, enhancing adaptability to a wide range of SHM scenarios. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-12-011 Full Text: PDF
Optimizing Mortar Mixtures with Basalt Rubble: Impacts on Compressive Strength and Chloride Penetration
Authors: Rukzon Sumrerng , Rungruang Suthon , Thepwong Ronnakorn , Chaisakulkiet Udomvit , Chindaprasirt Prinya 
Published: January 2025

This research aims to establish a theoretical framework for developing binders from waste materials to reduce cement use in mortar production. It specifically examines the potential of ground basalt rubble (BS) as a supplementary binding material for partially replacing Portland cement Type 1 (OPC) in mortar mixtures. Various substitution ratios of BS, specifically 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% by binder weight, were tested while maintaining a constant water-to-binder ratio (W/B) of 0.45. Superplasticizers (SP) were utilized to ensure consistent workability and flow of the mixtures. The SEM-EDS analysis was conducted to examine the microstructure of the cement paste, confirming the presence of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) phases resulting from the pozzolanic reactions of BS. The findings showed that, at the 7-day test, replacing cement with 10% and 20% basalt rubble (BS) by weight of the binder yielded compressive strengths of 97% and 92% compared to the control (CT) mortar. In contrast, replacements of 30% and 40% BS resulted in compressive strengths of 72% and 60% of the CT mortar, respectively. Results from 28-day tests showed that replacing 10% of OPC with BS not only increased the compressive strength but also significantly decreased chloride penetration compared to the control mortar (CT). This enhancement suggests that BS can effectively replace 10%-20% of cement, with the compressive strength of the mortar ranging from 92% to 107% of that of the control. The findings accentuate the potential of using industrial by-products such as ground basalt rubble to reduce waste, alleviate environmental impacts, and promote the development of sustainable construction materials. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-12-013 Full Text: PDF
Evaluation of Skirt-Raft Foundation Performance Adjacent to Unsupported Excavations
Authors: Ahmed Balqees A. , Saleh Husam M. , Jameel Mina M. , Al-Taie Asmaa 
Published: January 2025

The continuous demand for urban development, along with the construction of new buildings, highways, and infrastructure, creates an increasing necessity for excavation activities. Deep excavation near existing buildings can lead to ground instability, potentially causing structural damage to nearby properties. This research aims to investigate methods for enhancing buildings stability from the initial stages of construction, focusing on protecting structures from potential future adjacent excavations. This study utilizes a skirt-raft foundation system, modeled using the finite element software PLAXIS 3D, to evaluate its effectiveness in improving stability and protection. The study analyzed the behavior of raft foundations in clay soil adjacent to excavations ranging from 1 m to 10 m and compared this with the performance of raft foundations with added skirt foundations. The comparison focused on settlement, rotation, and lateral movement of the excavations to assess potential building damage. The results showed that incorporating a skirt foundation significantly enhanced structural stability and reduced excavation-related damage. The implementation of a skirt foundation to a depth of 0.5B (where B is the foundation width) for excavations of similar depth has been shown to significantly reduce damage levels from medium or high to light while also decreasing differential settlement by 80%. It is recommended that adjacent excavation depths should not exceed 0.25B. However, if a skirt foundation is constructed at a depth of 0.5B, the excavation depth can be safely extended to 0.75B. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-12-018 Full Text: PDF
Evaluation and Restoration of Corrosion-Damaged Post-Tensioned Concrete Structures
Authors: Alsuwaidi Hadif , Al-Sadoon Zaid A. , Altoubat Salah , Barakat Samer , Junaid M. Talha , Maalej Mohamed , Metawa Abdulrahman , Habib Ahed 
Published: January 2025

This study addresses the pressing issue of chloride-induced corrosion in post-tensioned (PT) concrete structures, known for their strength and flexibility yet vulnerable to durability issues in extreme climates. The objective is to evaluate corrosion mechanisms in a PT building in the United Arab Emirates and develop a robust restoration strategy. Using a combination of nondestructive and semi-destructive testing methods, this research identifies severe deterioration in critical structural elements, such as steel tendons, PT ducts, and concrete surfaces, largely due to high chloride exposure and aggravated by environmental factors like acid rain and fluctuating temperatures and humidity. The findings reveal serious inadequacies in current maintenance practices, often overlooking long-term corrosion risks in harsh climates. In response, this study proposes a comprehensive repair strategy, including removing damaged materials and applying advanced repair products, protective coatings, and waterproofing measures to enhance the structure's durability. This case study highlights significant concerns regarding structural integrity and provides practical insights into effective maintenance and repair strategies for PT structures. By offering a targeted, sustainable intervention approach, this research contributes to developing PT maintenance protocols, particularly in regions prone to aggressive corrosion, ensuring the longevity and safety of these critical structures. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-12-02 Full Text: PDF
Flexural Performance of a New Composite Double PSSDB Slab System Filled with Recycled Concrete
Authors: Al-Sudani Zaid A. , De’nan Fatimah , Al-Zand Ahmed W. , Abd Rahman Noorhazlinda , Liejy Mohammed C. 
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the flexural performance of a composite floor system utilizing a profile steel sheet dry board (PSSDB) that was enhanced by adding an additional layer of profile steel sheet (PSS) and infilled with both normal and recycled concrete materials. This improved system is referred to as the double-profile steel sheet dry board (DPSSDB) system. The new DPSSDB concept was proposed to reduce fabrication costs, overall weight, and the depth of the composite floor system compared to traditional composite beam-slab systems. To assess the impact of the additional PSS layer, ten full-scale specimens of both PSSDB and DPSSDB were subjected to four-point static load tests. Additionally, the study investigated the use of lightweight recycled aggregates such as crumb rubber and expanded polystyrene as partial replacements for the aggregates in the infill concrete. The results demonstrated that the DPSSDB system exhibited a 112–170% increase in bending capacity compared to the PSSDB specimens. Partial replacement of concrete aggregates with lightweight recycled materials up to 50% had only a marginal effect on the bending behavior of both PSSDB and DPSSDB specimens compared to those filled with normal concrete. However, replacing 75% of the aggregate with recycled materials led to a 27% reduction in the flexural bending capacity of the DPSSDB specimens compared to those infilled with normal concrete. Additionally, a new method (theoretical equation) was developed to predict the ultimate moment strength (flexural) of the novel DPSSDB composite slab system, which aligned well with the experimental results, achieving a deviation percentage of 0.81% and a mean value of 0.965a. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-12-03 Full Text: PDF
Flood Hazard Assessment Due to Changes in Land Use and Cover
Authors: Supratman Maman , Kusuma Muhammad S. B. , Cahyono Muhammad , Kuntoro Arno Adi 
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to investigate the influence of land use changes on the occurrence of flood hazards in the Pondok Karya area, Jakarta, Indonesia. Landsat OLI 8 and 7 from 2002 to 2023 were analyzed with a supervised classification tool using Envi and ArcGIS to investigate land use changes over the period. Additionally, the HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS tools were utilized for hydrological and hydraulic assessments under 25 discharge return periods (Q25), using a daily rainfall dataset from 2004 to 2021. The flood hazard index was produced using statistical and GIS methodologies and was based on Neighbourhood Associations (NAs) after qualified hydraulic model performance, indicating a Nash 0.65–Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) value. The analysis revealed considerable alterations in land use and cover within the Pondok Karya watershed. Consequently, the percentage of urban areas surged 30%, whereas vegetative cover declined 24%. Additionally, bare land decreased 9%, and water bodies marginally increased 3%. This indicates a 10% increase in the peak flood river flow of Mampang, from approximately 90 m³/s to 100 m³/s within this period. Subsequently, the percentage of high-risk areas increased from 42.85% (six NAs) to 57.14% (eight NAs), whereas the percentage of low-risk areas decreased from 14.29% (two NAs) to 7.14% (one NAs). Moderate-risk areas also decreased from 42.85% (six NAs) to 35.71% (five NAs). The study found that despite vegetative cover exceeding 30%, the capacity of the Mampang River remained inadequate, and the risk of flooding increased with the impact of its conversion. Additionally, the soil properties and social intervention factors contributed to the performance of the inundation model. Our study underscores the need for further research to mitigate flood risks and advocate interventions such as reservoir construction or river normalization in the upper Mampang catchment area. This study is useful for both local and central governments, which act as decision-makers to reduce the risk of flooding. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-12-04 Full Text: PDF
Experimental Study on Strength and Performance of Foamed Concrete with Glass Powder and Zeolite
Authors: Al-Khazaleh Mahmoud , Krishna Kumar P. , Qtiashat Deya , Alqatawna Ali 
Published: January 2025

Cement manufacturing accounts for approximately 7% of anthropogenic CO₂ emissions. To mitigate environmental impact and achieve “net zero” by 2050, developing cementitious materials that minimize cement consumption is crucial. This research aims to reduce cement usage in Foamed Concrete (FC). The study investigates the mechanical, durability, and thermal properties of FC using two distinct Supplementary Cementitious Admixtures (SCA): Glass Powder (GP) and natural zeolite. Cement was replaced with SCA at varying percentages (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% by weight) in FC. The FC density was adjusted by incorporating foam at 15% and 30% of the total volume of concrete. The study evaluated the flowability of each mix in its fresh state. The mechanical properties were assessed by measuring compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity. The performance of FC was further analyzed in terms of thermal conductivity, sorptivity, and water absorption. The test results revealed that FC with GP combinations exhibited high flowability and an improved strength-to-density ratio. Additionally, water absorption, sorptivity, and thermal conductivity were significantly reduced compared to conventional FC. An extensive cost-benefit analysis highlighted the feasibility of utilizing common waste materials to produce high-grade FC and assessed the impacts of cementitious admixtures as viable alternatives to cement. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-12-06 Full Text: PDF
Rainfall-Runoff Modeling in a Regional Watershed Using the MIKE 11-NAM Model
Authors: Saad Alaa Hashim , Khayyun Thair S. 
Published: January 2025

This study used the MIKE 11 NAM model to model stormwater runoff in a northern Iraqi regional watershed of the Greater Zab River. During model calibration (2003-2017), observed data on streamflow, evaporation, and rainfall were used to optimize the nine model parameters. In order to validate the model, independent data covering the years 2018 through 2022 was used. The model's efficacy was evaluated using statistical performance metrics, including the coefficient of determination (R2), Nash Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). During calibration (NSE = 0.81, RMSE = 2.2, and R² = 0.82) and validation (NSE = 0.90, RMSE = 6.9, and R² = 0.93), the model's performance demonstrated good agreement between simulated runoff and observed. The good agreement was for the low stream flow values compared to the high ones, due to the low number of parameters, which makes it easier to calibrate. Often, hydrological models do not capture peak flow phenomena, but there is a tendency for a good estimate of the low and medium stream flow values. Approximately 69% of the nutrient flow into the basin originated from the catchment area, which lies inside Iraq, while the remaining 31% came from the Turkey watershed. Future hydrological modeling in the area at the watershed level can utilize this model. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-12-08 Full Text: PDF