bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finding the missing millions: Integrating automated viral hepatitis screening in a hospital with care and treatment in a primary care setting.
Authors: Brogden Ruth , Wang Su , Xu Binghong 
Published: June 2021

108 Background: Rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are rising in the US. Patients at Saint Barnabas Medical Cancer Center (SBMC) present with late-stage HCC at higher rates (29%) compared to the national (16%). Chronic Hepatitis C (HCV) and Hepatitis B (HBV) are major drivers of liver cancer, yet screening rates are low. Finding these missing millions is important to reducing rates of HCC. An automated emergency department (ED) viral hepatitis (VH) screening program was initiated in 2018 at SBMC. In January 2020, it was expanded to the inpatient setting and HCV screening was modified from cohort screening (those born in 1945-65) to a one time test for anybody 18 years or over, per updated Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and USPSTF (US Preventive Services Taskforce) recommendations. Methods: The electronic medical record (EMR) was modified to automate screening. HBV testing is triggered by a patient’s country of birth or race, and HCV testing is triggered by age over 18 and no previous testing. The automated HCV (HCV Ab with reflex to HCV RNA) or HBV (HBsAg) lab orders lead to an EMR notification to the nurses of patient eligibility and education is provided to patients. Alerts of positive results are sent to nursing staff, physicians, and the patient navigator (PN). The PN is sent a real-time secure text message and works individually with patients to arrange linkage-to-care (LTC) for evaluation and treatment. Results: From March 2018 - December 2020, 44,002 patients were screened for HCV and 884 (2.0%) were HCVAb+ and 242 (0.55%) HCV RNA+. For HBV, 21,328 patients were screened and 212 (0.99%) were HBsAg+. The expanded screenings accounted for 8,716 (19.8%) of the total HCV screenings. Individuals born outside the 1945-65 birth cohort (younger and older) made up 76.2% of those screened and 41% of the infected. The top 3 countries for HBV screenings were Haiti, Jamaica, and Ecuador. LTC rates, defined as attending first medical appointment or already in care, were 86.8% for HCV and 85.4% for HBV. Of those linked to care, 43 HCV+ patients were seen at a outpatient primary care practice part of SBMC, and of those, 39 initiated HCV cure therapy and 33 were cured (confirmed sustained virologic response at 12 weeks), and 35 HBV+ patients were seen and 6 initiated treatment. Conclusions: This automated program for VH has led to a significant scale up of screening with successful LTC and treatment of patients. Expansion to universal screening of all adults and to the inpatient setting found additional viral hepatitis patients who would have otherwise been missed. In addition to the automated screening, a multidisciplinary team including internists, pharmacists, and patient navigators were part of creating a primary care based program. Integration of viral hepatitis screening and care in a hospital system can be initial steps towards establishing liver cancer prevention program.
A Novel, Likely Pathogenic MAX Germline Variant in a Patient With Unilateral Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Lam-Chung César Ernesto , Rodríguez Larissa López , Vázquez Jazmín Arteaga , Chávarri-Guerra Yanin , Arízaga-Ramírez Rebeca , Antonio Orlando Falcon , De Anda González Jazmín , López-Hernández María Aurelia , Weitzel Jeffrey N , Castillo Danielle , Gómez-Pérez Francisco Javier , Cuevas-Ramos Daniel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Context
Inherited MYC-associated factor X (MAX) gene pathogenic variants (PVs) increase risk for pheochromocytomas (PCCs) and/or paragangliomas (PGLs) in adults and children. There is little clinical experience with such mutations.

Objective
This report highlights an important approach.

Methods
Clinical assessment, including blood chemistry, imaging studies, and genetic testing were performed.

Results
A 38-year-old Hispanic woman was diagnosed with PCC in 2015, treated with adrenalectomy, and referred to endocrinology clinic. Notably, she presented to her primary care physician 3 years earlier complaining of left flank pain, intermittent diaphoresis, and holocranial severe headache. We confirmed severe hypertension (180/100 mm Hg) over multiple antihypertensive regimens. Biochemical and radiological studies workup revealed high plasma metanephrine of 255 pg/mL (normal range, &lt; 65 pg/mL) and plasma normetanephrine of 240 pg/mL (normal range, &lt; 196 pg/mL). A noncontrast computed tomography scan of the abdomen revealed a 4.2 × 4.3 × 4.9-cm, round-shaped and heterogenous contrast enhancement of the left adrenal gland, and a 2-mm nonobstructive left kidney stone. A presumptive diagnosis of secondary hypertension was made. After pharmacological therapy, laparoscopic left adrenalectomy was performed and confirmed the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. Based on her age, family history, and a high suspicion for genetic etiology, genetic testing was performed that revealed the presence of a novel likely pathogenic variant involving a splice consensus sequence in the MAX gene, designated c0.64-2A &gt; G.

Conclusion
The phenotype of MAX PV-related disease and paraganglioma are highlighted. The novel c0.64-2A &gt; G mutation is reported here and should be considered in the diagnostic workup of similar cases.
A qualitative study of parents’ and their child’s experience of a medial epicondyle fracture
Authors: Papiez Kinga , Tutton Elizabeth , Phelps Emma E. , Baird Janis , Costa Matthew L. , Achten Juul , Gibson Phoebe , Perry Daniel C. 
Published: June 2021

Aims The aim of this study was to explore parents and young people’s experience of having a medial epicondyle fracture, and their thoughts about the uncertainty regarding the optimal treatment. Methods Families were identified after being invited to participate in a randomized controlled trial of surgery or no surgery for displaced medial epicondyle fractures of the humerus in children. A purposeful sample of 25 parents (22 females) and five young people (three females, mean age 11 years (7 to 14)) from 15 UK hospitals were interviewed a mean of 39 days (14 to 78) from injury. Qualitative interviews were informed by phenomenology and themes identified to convey participants’ experience. Results The results identify parents’ desire to do the best for their child expressed through two themes: 1) ‘uncertainty’ (being uncertain about the best treatment option); and 2) ‘facilitating recovery’ (sharing the experience). Parents and young people were shocked when confronted with uncertainty about treatment and they felt responsible for the decision. They searched for further information, drew on their own experience, and struggled to weigh up risks of the treatments. Discussion with surgeons provided crucial support for decision-making, and young people were involved to a varying degree. In facilitating recovery, parents balanced increasing activity with protecting their child, but lacked knowledge about pain management, and how to improve strength and function of the arm. They hoped for a return to normal, including competitive sports. Conclusion Surgeons are aware of the impact of injury on children and their parents; however, they may be less aware of the turmoil created by treatment uncertainty. Confident surgeons who appreciate and contextualize the importance of pre-existing experience and beliefs are best placed to help the family develop confidence to embrace uncertainty, particularly regarding participation in clinical trials. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(6):359–364.
Field Performance Evaluation of Pulse-Width Modulation and Pressure-Controlled, Fixed-Orifice Application Systems for Sensor-Based Nitrogen Applications
Authors: Stansell Jackson S , Teten Samantha L , Marx Samuel E , Luck Joe D 
Published: June 2021

HighlightsComparison of PC system and PWM system in-field performance indicated that the PWM system made sensor-based N applications more accurately than the PC system.The turndown ratio calculated from the aggregate application instances was 6.2:1.For both the PWM system and the PC system, applications were made more accurately when 28% UAN was applied rather than 32% UAN. Abstract. Sensor-based nitrogen (N) applications have shown promise for improving N use efficiency, but present significant challenges for application rate control due to highly variable and frequently changing target rates. If applications are to be made precisely, equipment systems used for sensor-based N applications must be designed to meet system demands. Pulse-width modulation (PWM) equipped systems have emerged as a technological advancement over traditional pressure-controlled (PC) systems for improving variable rate N application accuracy. Little research, however, has been done to assess the performance of PWM systems during sensor-based N applications in-field. This work analyzed as-applied data collected from in-field sensor-based N applications with pressure-controlled (PC) and PWM systems in Nebraska between 2015 and 2017 to quantify system requirements, assess system performance, and determine performance impacting operational variables. It was found that systems should be capable of 1-s rate changes of ±71.1 L ha-1 (7.6 gpa), 1-s flow rate changes of ±11.4 L min-1 (3 gpm), and turndown ratios of at least 6:1. PWM systems achieved application rates within 10% of the target rate 10% more often than PC systems, and showed less variability in application error. However, PWM systems still demonstrated significant application errors with an observed RMSE of 44.9 L ha-1 (4.8 gpa). Speed change magnitude was found to be most associated with increases in percent application error. These findings substantiate that PWM systems effectively improve sensor-based N application accuracy versus traditional PC systems. However, collaborative efforts toward greater cohesion between sensor-based application expectations and application equipment capabilities are necessary for maximizing the effectiveness of sensor-based N applications. Keywords: Precision agriculture, Rate controllers, Site-specific crop management, Sprayer, Turndown ratio.
Investigating the Wettability of Rapeseed Leaves
Authors: He Yong , Wu Jianjian , Xiao Shupei , Fang Hui , Zheng Qishuai 
Published: June 2021

HighlightsContact angles of spray droplets were positively correlated with their surface tension.Wettability of rape leaves was generally poor for most pesticides.Surface structure and free energy determine the hydrophobicity of rape leaves.The size of the spray droplets had no significant influence on rape leaf wettability.Abstract. In order to improve the deposition and adherence of spray droplets on leaf surfaces, the wettability of rapeseed leaves was investigated. We explored the effect of different pesticides and test surfaces on droplet contact angles, and analyzed the effects of leaf surface properties, droplet sizes and the addition of organosilicone adjuvant on wettability. The results indicated that contact angles of different liquids were positively correlated with their surface tension for rapeseed leaves. The wettability of rapeseed leaves was generally poor using different pesticides, but was highest for a fungicide mixture of difenoconazole and propiconazole. The hydrophobicity of rapeseed leaves is largely determined by the complex microstructure and the low surface free energy of the leaves. The size of the spray droplets had no significant influence on the wettability. Moreover, the addition of an organosilicone adjuvant significantly reduced the surface tension of all spray droplets, with the best result for a 50% procymidone solution. In conclusion, the factors affecting rapeseed leaf surface wettability should be considered comprehensively before selecting the appropriate pesticide, so as to improve its utilization rates. Keywords: Contact angle, Leaf surface, Pesticide application, Spray droplet.
Approaches to low-cost infrared sensing
Authors: Reyner Charles J. , Ariyawansa Gamini , Claflin Bruce , Duran Joshua M. , Grzybowski Gordon J. 
Published: June 2021

The Air Force Research Laboratory’s Sensors Directorate has multiple missions, including the development of next generation infrared sensors. These sensors reflect advancements in both academic and research communities, as well as requirements flow-down from operators. There has been a multitude of developments over the past decade in each community. However, there has also been consilience that low-cost infrared sensing will be necessary for the Air Force. This paradigm stands in contrast to the current generation of high performance infrared sensors, i.e., cryogenically cooled, hybridized HgCdTe, InSb, and III/V strained layer superlattices. The Sensors Directorate currently has a multi-pronged approach to low-cost infrared sensing to meet this paradigm shift, including research in silicides, SiGeSn, and lead salts. Each of these approaches highlights our integration of materials, devices, and characterization.
Sandwiched photonic crystal fiber for dispersion compensation over the S + C + L + U wavelength bands
Authors: Sun Weiyu , Qu Yuheng , Cao Jiashuai , Jia Hongzhi 
Published: June 2021

We numerically investigated a sandwiched photonic crystal fiber (S-PCF) based on triangular lattice air holes that can be used for broadband dispersion compensation. By adjusting two layers of air holes diameter in the cladding, the S-PCF performs a large negative dispersion curve that can compensate for the dispersion of a standard single-mode fiber (SMF). The kappa value of the proposed PCF is also consistent with that of the SMF at the wavelength of 1.55 µm. In addition, the dispersion compensation multiple reaches up to 25.37. We have successfully obtained an effective compensated dispersion with the value of

−

0.5

to

+

0.1

p
s

/

n
m

/

k
m

in the wavelength of 1.46–1.67 µm, which covers the

S

+

C

+

L

+

U

wavelength bands. Moreover, we considered the manufacturing tolerance of the dispersion and effective compensated dispersion with

±
2

%

and

±
5

%

variation.
Utilizing the moiré deflectometry-based detection method improves the detection sensitivity for gold nanoparticles trapped by optical tweezers
Authors: Khorshad Ali Akbar , Reihani S. Nader S. 
Published: June 2021

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are very often used as handles for nanotechnological micromanipulation. In this regard, optical trapping of GNPs is of great importance, in which locating the trapped GNP within the focal spot with nanometer precision is crucial. Very recently, we have introduced a new position detection system for optical tweezers based on moiré deflectometry (MD). Here we show, both theoretically and experimentally, that an MD detection system could provide significantly larger detection sensitivity for a trapped GNP compared to that provided by conventional back focal plane (BFP) detection systems. For instance, for a trapped 200 nm GNP, the detection sensitivity provided by the MD detection method is 280% better than that provided by the BFP detection method.
Neighborhood environmental attributes and walking mobility decline: A longitudinal ecological study of mid-to-older aged Australian adults
Authors: Sugiyama Takemi , Sugiyama Masaaki , Mavoa Suzanne , Barnett Anthony , Kamruzzaman Md. , Turrell Gavin 
Published: June 2021

Objectives
Cross-sectional studies have found some built environmental attributes to be associated with residents’ lower levels of mobility (functional capacity to walk outside the home). However, less is known about what environmental attributes are related to mobility decline. This longitudinal study examined area-level associations of specific environmental attributes with mid-to-older aged adults’ changes in walking mobility.

Methods
Data collected from 4,088 adults (aged 46–71 years at baseline) who participated in a cohort study in Brisbane, Australia were used. The outcome was the change in self-reported mobility score (SF-36) from 2013 to 2016, which were aggregated at the neighborhood (N = 156) and suburb (N = 99) levels, due to the known lack of sensitivity in SF-36 subscales to individual changes. Linear regression analysis examined associations of mobility change with seven environmental attributes measured at baseline (residential density, intersection density, land use mix, density of walking/bike paths, park density, bus stop density, density of social incivilities), adjusting for confounding variables.

Results
Participants on average reported 4% of mobility decline during the 3-year study period. It was found that greater land use diversity was consistently associated with less decline in walking mobility, while greater density of social incivilities was associated with more decline in walking mobility. The latter finding was significant only at the neighborhood level. No consistent associations were observed for residential density, intersection density, density of walking/bike paths, park density, and bus stop density.

Discussion
Our findings suggest that mid-to-older aged adults who live in areas with lower land use diversity and more social incivilities may be at risk of developing mobility limitations. Recommended policies to slow residents’ mobility decline and to achieve aging in place include improving these environmental attributes where needed and advising older adults to relocate to safer, mixed-use neighborhoods.
The association between diet and mental health and wellbeing in young adults within a biopsychosocial framework
Authors: Rossa-Roccor Verena , Richardson Chris G. , Murphy Rachel A. , Gadermann Anne M. 
Published: June 2021

Objective
Predominantly plant-based diets can co-benefit human physical health and the planet. Young adults appear to be on the forefront of the shift to plant-based diets. However, little is known about the relationship between plant-based diets and mental health in this population even though mental health disorders contribute substantially to the global burden of disease, particularly among this age group.

Design
In this cross-sectional study we utilize a biopsychosocial framework to assess the association between dietary intake and mental health and wellbeing. Mental health was assessed using self-reported measures of anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-9) and quality of life (single-item). Dietary intake in the prior month was assessed using a dietary screener (DSQ) and participants were asked to self-identify a diet preference (e.g., vegan).

Setting and participants
339 university undergraduate students.

Results
A principal component analysis of dietary intake found three dominant dietary patterns (plant-based, animal-based, and ‘junk foods’); 28.1% (n = 95) of participants self-identified as pescatarian, vegetarian, vegan, other. The association between dietary patterns, diet preference and mental health was assessed through regression analysis. After controlling for covariables, we found a significant positive association between the junk food component and depression (z-score β = .21, p≤.001; adj. R2 = .39) and anxiety (z-score β = .14; p≤.001; adj. R2 = .32) while no association was found between plant-based, animal-based or self-identified diet preference and the mental health measures.

Conclusions
We did not find a negative association between predominantly plant-based diet patterns and mental health and wellbeing. It is important to consider dietary composition and to conceptualize diet as a health behaviour that is embedded in a biopsychosocial framework.
HIV testing in patients who are HCV positive: Compliance with CDC guidelines in a large healthcare system
Authors: Fleisher Ilan , Geboy Alexander G. , Nichols Whitney , Desale Sameer , Fernandez Stephen , Basch Peter , Fishbein Dawn A. 
Published: June 2021

Background
There are approximately 300,000 people in the United States who are co-infected with HIV and HCV. Several organizations recommend that individuals who are HCV infected, as well as persons over the age of 13, should be HIV tested. Comorbidities associated with HCV can be reduced with early identification of HIV. Our objective was to determine whether providers routinely followed HIV testing guidelines for patients who tested HCV positive (HCV+).

Methods
A retrospective chart review was conducted of all patients in primary care at an academic health system from 7/2015–3/2017 who tested HCV+. As part of a primary database, HCV testing data was collected; HIV testing data was abstracted manually. We collected and described the intervals between HCV and HIV tests. To determine associations with HIV testing univariable and multivariable analyses were performed.

Results
We identified 445 patients who tested HCV+: 56.6% were tested for HIV, the mean age was 57 ± 10.9 years, 77% were from the Birth Cohort born 1945–1965 (BC); 61% were male; and 51% were Black/AA. Patients in the BC were more likely to be HIV tested if they were: male (p = 0.019), Black/AA (p<0.001), and had Medicaid (p = 0.005). These differences were not found in the non-BC. Six patients who were tested for both HIV and HCV were found to be newly HIV positive at the time of testing.

Conclusion
As demonstrated, providers did not routinely follow CDC recommendations as almost half of the HCV+ patients were not correctly tested for HIV. It is important to emphasize that six persons were tested HIV positive simultaneously with their HCV+ diagnosis. If providers did not follow the CDC guidelines, then these patients may not have been identified. Improvements in EHR clinical decision support tools and provider education can help improve the HIV testing rate among individuals who are HCV+.