bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of drinking in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as self‐reported on the Grog Survey App: A representative urban and remote sample
Authors: Zheng Catherine , Conigrave James H. , Conigrave Katherine M. , Wilson Scott , Perry Jimmy , Chikritzhs Tanya N. , Fitts Michelle S. , Lee K. S. Kylie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionMeasuring self‐reported alcohol use is challenging in any population, including when episodic drinking may be common. Drinking among Indigenous Australians has been shown to vary greatly within and between communities. However, most survey methods assume ‘regular’ patterns of drinking. National estimates have also been shown to underestimate alcohol use among this group. This paper describes drinking patterns in two representative community samples (urban and remote).MethodsIndigenous Australians (aged 16+ years) in two South Australian sites were recruited to complete the Grog Survey App. The App is a validated, interactive tablet‐based survey tool, designed to help Indigenous Australians describe their drinking. Drinking patterns were described using medians and interquartile ranges; gender and remoteness were compared using Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests. Spearman correlations explored the relationship between drinking patterns and age. Logistic regressions tested if beverage or container preference differed by remoteness or gender.ResultsThree‐quarters of participants (77.0%, n = 597/775) were current drinkers. Median standard drinks per occasion was 7.8 (78 g), 1.3 drinking occasions per month (median). Three‐quarters of current drinkers (73.7%) reported a period without drinking (median: 60 days). Remote drinkers were more likely to drink beer. Improvised containers were used by 40.5% of drinkers.Discussion and ConclusionsEpisodic drinking with extended ‘dry’ periods and from non‐standard drinking containers was common in this representative sample of Indigenous Australians. The diversity of container use and beverage preference, by gender and remoteness, illustrates nuances in drinking patterns between communities. It shows the importance of community‐level data to inform local strategies addressing alcohol misuse.
Sensitivity, but to which environment? Individual differences in sensitivity to parents and peers show domain‐specific patterns and a negative genetic correlation
Authors: Markovitch Noam , Knafo‐Noam Ariel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe idea that individuals differ in their sensitivity to the environment's effects is a cornerstone of developmental science. It has been demonstrated repeatedly, for different kinds of stressors, outcomes, and sensitivity markers. However, almost no empirical work was done to examine whether environmental sensitivity is domain‐general (i.e., the same individuals are sensitive to different environmental contexts) or domain‐specific (i.e., different individuals are sensitive to different environmental contexts), despite its importance to understanding human development, learning, and behavior. To address this question, phenotypic sensitivity to parents and to peers were compared in 1313 11‐year‐old Israeli adolescent twins. We found that, (1) our phenotypic markers indeed moderate environmental influences, with a discriminant predictive utility, (2) adolescents who are sensitive to their parents are not necessarily sensitive to their peers, and (3) sensitivity to parents and sensitivity to peers have different etiologies and show a negative genetic correlation, indicating that adolescents carrying genetic markers for sensitivity to parents are less likely to carry genetic markers for sensitivity to peers. These findings suggest that environmental sensitivity shows domain‐specific patterns, as different individuals can be sensitive to different environments. We discuss the theoretical, empirical, and practical implications of domain‐specificity of environmental sensitivity.
Opsoclonus‐myoclonus in Aicardi‐Goutières syndrome
Authors: Alburaiky Salam , Dale Russell C , Crow Yanick J , Jones Hannah F , Wassmer Evangeline , Melki Isabelle , Boespflug‐Tanguy Odile , Do Cao Jeremy , Gras Domitille , Sharpe Cynthia 
Published: June 2021

Aicardi‐Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a rare genetic neuroinflammatory disorder caused by abnormal upregulation of type 1 interferon signalling. Opsoclonus‐myoclonus syndrome is a rare autoimmune phenotype demonstrating a disturbance in the humoral immune response mostly seen in the context of paraneoplastic or postinfectious states, although its pathophysiology is incompletely understood. We report the first three children described with AGS demonstrating transient opsoclonus and myoclonus after irritability and/or developmental regression, suggesting a pathological association. We describe the presentation, clinical features, progress, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammatory markers, electroencephalogram (EEG), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in these children. Two patients had developmental regression but demonstrated a positive response to JAK1/2 inhibition clinically and on serial examination of CSF inflammatory markers. These findings suggest that AGS should be considered in children presenting with opsoclonus‐myoclonus, and that the association between AGS and opsoclonus‐myoclonus further supports the role of immune dysregulation as causal in the rare neurological phenomenon opsoclonus and myoclonus.
What this paper adds

There is a phenotypic association between opsoclonus‐myoclonus syndrome and Aicardi‐Goutières syndrome.

There is clinical evidence of immune dysregulation in the pathogenesis of opsoclonus and myoclonus.
Same goals, different challenges: A systematic review of perspectives of people with diabetes and healthcare professionals on Type 2 diabetes care
Authors: Catapan Soraia de Camargo , Nair Uthara , Gray Len , Cristina Marino Calvo Maria , Bird Dominique , Janda Monika , Fatehi Farhad , Menon Anish , Russell Anthony 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsTo identify the views of people with Type 2 diabetes (PWD) and healthcare professionals (HCP) about diabetes care.MethodsA systematic review of qualitative studies reporting both groups’ views using thematic synthesis frameworked by the eHealth Enhanced Chronic Care Model was conducted.ResultsWe searched six electronic databases between 2010 and 2020, identified 6999 studies and included 21. Thirty themes were identified with in general complementary views between PWD and HCP. PWD and HCP find lifestyle changes challenging and get frustrated when PWD struggle to achieve it. Good self‐management requires a trustful PWD–HCP relationship. Diabetes causes distress and often HCP focus on clinical aspects. They value diabetes education. PWD require broader, tailored, consistent and ongoing information, but HCPs do not have enough time for providing it. There is need for diabetes training for primary HCP. Shared decision making can mitigate PWD’s fears. Different sources of social support can influence PWD’s ability to self‐manage and PWD/HCP suggest online peer groups. PWD/HCP indicate lack of communication and collaboration between HCP. PWD’s and HCP’s views about quality in diabetes care differ. They believe that comprehensive, multidisciplinary and locally provided care can help to achieve better outcomes. They recognise digital health benefits, with room for personal interaction (PWD) and eHealth literacy improvements (HCP). Evidence‐based guidelines are important but can detract from personalised care.ConclusionWe hypothesise that including PWD’s and HCP’s complementary views, multidisciplinary teams and digital tools in the redesign of Type 2 diabetes care can help with overcoming some of the challenges and achieving common goals.
Echocardiographic predictors of long‐term adverse cardiovascular outcomes in participants with and without diabetes mellitus: A follow‐up analysis of the Copenhagen City Heart Study
Authors: Özbek Burcu Tas , Modin Daniel , Møgelvang Rasmus , Jørgensen Peter Godsk , Jensen Magnus Thorsten , Schnohr Peter , Gislason Gunnar Hilmar , Biering‐Sørensen Tor 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have identified several echocardiographic markers of cardiac dysfunction in participants with diabetes mellitus, including E/e’. However, previous studies have been limited by short follow‐up duration or low statistical power, and none have assessed whether echocardiographic predictors of adverse cardiovascular outcome differ between individuals with DM and individuals without DM.MethodsA total of 1997 individuals from the general population without heart disease had an echocardiogram performed in 2001 to 2003. Diabetes was defined as HbA1c ≥6.5% (≥48 mmol/mol), non‐fasted blood glucose ≥11.1 mmol/L or the use of glucose lowering medication. The end‐point was a composite of heart failure (HF), ischemic heart disease (IHD) and cardiovascular death (CVD).ResultsAt baseline, a total of 292 participants (15%) had diabetes. Median follow‐up time was 12.4 years (interquartile‐range: 9.8–12.8 years) and follow‐up was 100%. During follow‐up, 101 participants (35%) with diabetes and 281 participants without diabetes (16%) reached the composite end‐point. The prognostic value of E/e’ was significantly modified by diabetes (p for interaction: 0.003). In participants with diabetes, only E/e’ remained an independent predictor of outcome in a final multivariable model adjusted for clinical and echocardiographic parameters (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.00–1.17, p = 0.0041, per 1 increase). In participants without diabetes, left ventricular mass index (LVMI), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and a’ remained independent predictors of outcome when adjusted for clinical and echocardiographic parameters. In individuals with diabetes, only E/e’ added incremental prognostic value to risk factors from the SCORE risk chart and the ACC/AHA Pooled Cohort Equation.ConclusionIn individuals with diabetes from the general population, E/e’ is a stronger predictor of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity than in individuals without diabetes and contributes with incremental prognostic value in addition to established cardiovascular risk factors.
Biological control of leaf‐cutter ants using pathogenic fungi: experimental laboratory and field studies
Authors: Folgarait Patricia J. , Goffré Daniela 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe alternative use of biological control agents (BCAs) against leaf‐cutter ants (LCAs) is in increasingly high demand due to the negative consequences of traditional pesticides. Regarding LCAs, BCAs include entomopathogens that infect them, and mycopathogens that kill the fungi cultivated by these ants. The simultaneous use of multiple BCAs requires that the agents do not negatively affect each other. To test this hypothesis, we set up laboratory assays to evaluate in vitro interactions among an entomopathogen [Beauveria bassiana (Bals.‐Criv.) Vuill.], a mycopathogen [Trichoderma virens (JH Mill., Giddens & AA Foster) Arx], and the LCA‐cultivated symbiotic fungus Leucoagaricus sp. We also tested the BCAs in the field by offering them in three types of bait to Acromyrmex lundii Guérin‐Méneville (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), in order to evaluate: (1) the control efficiency of these BCAs on LCA field colonies, and (2) whether there was delayed rejection of baits placed sequentially. Our in vitro results showed that T. virens was not affected by Leucoagaricus sp. or by B. bassiana, whereas B. bassiana was negatively affected by the mycopathogen and the cultivated fungus, probably due to substrate competition. Leucoagaricus sp. was not affected by B. bassiana but it was negatively affected by T. virens, as predicted, destroying the cell walls of the cultivated fungus. The field study showed 62.5% control of LCA after applying the three types of bait on three occasions throughout 27 weeks, without detecting any delayed rejection effect. Due to the variability registered in colony inactivity, we propose a continued inactivity of 13 weeks as a criterion for A. lundii control. We discuss the importance of continuous long‐term assessments of BCAs on LCA control.
The impact of phase entrainment on auditory detection is highly variable: Revisiting a key finding
Authors: Sun Yue , Michalareas Georgios , Poeppel David 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAmple evidence shows that the human brain carefully tracks acoustic temporal regularities in the input, perhaps by entraining cortical neural oscillations to the rate of the stimulation. To what extent the entrained oscillatory activity influences processing of upcoming auditory events remains debated. Here, we revisit a critical finding from Hickok et al. (2015) that demonstrated a clear impact of auditory entrainment on subsequent auditory detection. Participants were asked to detect tones embedded in stationary noise, following a noise that was amplitude modulated at 3 Hz. Tonal targets occurred at various phases relative to the preceding noise modulation. The original study (N = 5) showed that the detectability of the tones (presented at near‐threshold intensity) fluctuated cyclically at the same rate as the preceding noise modulation. We conducted an exact replication of the original paradigm (N = 23) and a conceptual replication using a shorter experimental procedure (N = 24). Neither experiment revealed significant entrainment effects at the group level. A restricted analysis on the subset of participants (36%) who did show the entrainment effect revealed no consistent phase alignment between detection facilitation and the preceding rhythmic modulation. Interestingly, both experiments showed group‐wide presence of a non‐cyclic behavioural pattern, wherein participants' detection of the tonal targets was lower at early and late time points of the target period. The two experiments highlight both the sensitivity of the task to elicit oscillatory entrainment and the striking individual variability in performance.
The role of biochar particle size and hydrophobicity in improving soil hydraulic properties
Authors: Edeh Ifeoma Gloria , Mašek Ondřej 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe physical properties of biochar have been shown to dramatically influence its performance as a soil amendment. This study assessed the role of biochar particle size and hydrophobicity in controlling soil water movement and retention. Softwood pellet biochar in five particle size ranges (>2 mm, 2–0.5 mm, 0.5–0.25 mm, 0.25–0.063 mm and <0.063 mm) was used for the experiment. These particle sizes were tested on two soil types (sandy loam and loamy sand) at four different application rates (1, 2, 4 and 8%) in the laboratory. Soil water suction at wet range and dry range were measured using the Hyprop and WP4‐T, respectively. From this, the moisture content at field capacity (fc), permanent wilting point (pwp) and plant available water (awc), were determined. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) was measured using the KSAT device and biochar hydrophobicity was determined using the ethanol drop test method. Our results showed that biochar hydrophobicity increased with decreasing biochar particle size, leading to a reduction in its water retention capacity. The highest fc (0.087 cm−3 cm−3) and awc (0.064 cm−3 cm−3) were observed for soils amended with >2 mm biochar. The soil hydraulic conductivity increased with decreasing biochar particle sizes, with the exception of <0.063 mm biochar, which showed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) decrease in soil hydraulic conductivity compared to the larger particle sizes. The results clearly showed that both biochar intraporosity (pores inside biochar particles) and interporosity (pore spaces between biochar and soil particles) are important factors affecting amended soil hydraulic properties. Biochar interpores affected mainly hydraulic conductivity; both interpores and intrapores controlled soil water retention properties. Our results suggest that for a more effective increase in soil water retention of coarse soils, the use of hydrophilic biochar with high intraporosity is recommended.Highlights
Biochar increases soil water retention and reduces hydraulic conductivity.
Hydrophobicity of biochar increased with decreasing particle size.
Coarse biochar particles increased soil water retention due to hydrophilic surfaces and increased intraporosity.
Fine biochar particles decreased hydraulic conductivity due to reduced macropores.
Translational potential of the ghrelin receptor agonist macimorelin for seizure suppression in pharmacoresistant epilepsy
Authors: Buckinx An , Pierre Anouk , Van Den Herrewegen Yana , Guenther Eckhard , Gerlach Matthias , Van Laethem Gaetan , Kooijman Ron , De Bundel Dimitri , Smolders Ilse 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundCurrent drugs for epilepsy affect seizures, but no antiepileptogenic or disease‐modifying drugs are available that prevent or slow down epileptogenesis, which is characterized by neuronal cell loss, inflammation and aberrant network formation. Ghrelin and ghrelin receptor (ghrelin‐R) agonists were previously found to exert anticonvulsant, neuroprotective and anti‐inflammatory effects in seizure models and immediately after status epilepticus (SE). Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess whether the ghrelin‐R agonist macimorelin is antiepileptogenic in the pharmacoresistant intrahippocampal kainic acid (IHKA) mouse model.MethodsSE was induced in C57BL/6 mice by unilateral IHKA injection. Starting 24 h after SE, mice were treated intraperitoneally with macimorelin (5 mg/kg) or saline twice daily for 2 weeks, followed by a 2‐week wash‐out. Mice were continuously electroencephalogram‐monitored, and at the end of the experiment neuroprotection and gliosis were assessed.ResultsMacimorelin significantly decreased the number and duration of seizures during the treatment period, but had no antiepileptogenic or disease‐modifying effect in this dose regimen. While macimorelin did not significantly affect food intake or body weight over a 2‐week treatment period, its acute orexigenic effect was preserved in epileptic mice but not in sham mice.ConclusionsWhile the full ghrelin‐R agonist macimorelin was not significantly antiepileptogenic nor disease‐modifying, this is the first study to demonstrate its anticonvulsant effects in the IHKA model of drug‐refractory temporal lobe epilepsy. These findings highlight the potential use of macimorelin as a novel treatment option for seizure suppression in pharmacoresistant epilepsy.
Y el luto sigue (and the grief continues): Latinx Immigrant's Experiences of Ambiguous Loss in the Age of Restrictive Immigration Policy
Authors: Sanchez Elizabeth , Philbin Sandy P. , Ayón Cecilia 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveInformed by Boss's ambiguous loss theory and an ecological perspective, this study examined Latinx immigrant mothers' experiences of loss associated with their immigration status and the restrictive immigration policy climate.BackgroundUndocumented participants strive to maintain international familial ties and experience loss in their inability to see or share a space with loved ones in their country of origin due to restrictive immigration policy and enforcement that inhibits their international mobility.MethodsIn‐depth semistructured interviews were completed with 25 Latinx immigrant mothers who were mostly undocumented or members of mixed‐status families.ResultsFindings support a model of transnational loss. Loss is experienced at premigration, upon arrival, and long after settlement. Participants' quotes illustrate their experiences of ambiguous, anticipatory, and complicated loss. In addition, transnational loss was described as a shared experience, one that impacted many undocumented immigrants in the United States and participants' family members. A subtheme, intergenerational loss, emerged in which children vicariously experienced their parents' loss.ConclusionTransnational loss is disenfranchised because it is not socially recognized, leaving immigrants to mourn in silence.ImplicationsPractitioners serving immigrant communities should integrate grief and loss support through psychoeducation, assessments, and therapy. At a policy level, immigrants need to have the opportunity to adjust their status so that they can reclaim these lost social interactions.
Black Marriages Matter: Wisdom and Advice From Happily Married Black Couples
Authors: Skipper Antonius D. , Marks Loren D. , Moore T. J. , Dollahite David C. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveThis study used in‐depth interviews with Black and African American couples in happy, long‐term marriages to capture advice that can serve to convey the hurdles and expectations of marriage in the African American community.BackgroundThe U.S. Census Bureau reports that only 29% of African Americans are married. However, the majority of African Americans still desire marriage themselves. Therefore, the advice and experiences of enduring African American couples could be beneficial to those younger couples hoping to one day marry.MethodInterviews and a semistructured interview protocol were used to gather data on marital experiences and counsel from 35 happily married African American couples. Data were analyzed using qualitative methods consistent with Marks (2015) Numeric Content Analysis.ResultsThree emergent themes related to forming and strengthening African American marriages are discussed: (a) Communication Keeps Small Issues From Becoming Big Barriers; (b) Share Roles, Share Responsibilities; and (c) Manage Your Money to Manage Your Marriage.ConclusionKey aspects of strong African American marriages include the ability to maintain open lines of communication, to adjust spousal roles with emerging stressors, and to agree on the management of income and assets.ImplicationsThis study informs young African American couples, family life educators, and marriage therapists on the common experiences and perspectives in long‐lasting African American marriages. Using this information, young African Americans and those engaging African Americans can work to build stronger families and communities.