bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment and reform of greywater reuse policies and practice: a case study from Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
Authors: Shanableh Abdallah , Khalil Mohamad Ali , Abdallah Mohamed , Darwish Noora , Tayara Adel , Mustafa Ahmed , Idris AlaEldin , Al Bardan Mayyada 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article presents an assessment of one of the earliest greywater reuse (GWR) experiences in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (UAE). In 2003, the Sharjah Electricity and Water Authority (SEWA) imposed a compulsory GWR program on various categories of new buildings in the city. However, implementation of the program faced significant resistance and setbacks and remained limited to about 200 buildings, representing less than 2% water savings. In the analysis presented in this study, the need for GWR was assessed through analyzing SEWA's water supply and demand projections, conducting a 12-month water use survey of 285,000 Sharjah residents from about 140 nationalities, and identifying the areas in the city with intense water use. In addition, analysis and reforms of the various aspects of SEWA's GWR reuse policies and practice were presented and discussed. Reforming the policy to increase GWR to about 10% water savings can lead to significant reductions in desalinated water consumption and wastewater generation and consequently significant reductions in desalination cost (35 million USD/y), energy consumption (225,840 MWh/year) and CO2 emissions (120 ton/year). The case study presented in the article can serve as a reference to guide GWR policies and practice, especially for local authorities in developing countries.
Numerical investigation of wetting front migration and soil water distribution under vertical line source irrigation with different influencing factors
Authors: Fan Yanwei , Ma Liangjun , Wei Hujun , Zhu Pengcheng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractVertical line source irrigation (VLSI) is an underground irrigation method suitable for deep-rooted plants. Understanding the characteristics of the soil wetting body of the VLSI was the key to designing this irrigation system. On the basis of experimental verification of the reliability of the HYDRUS simulation results of VLSI under the conditions of soil texture (ST), initial water content (θi), line source buried depth (B), line source diameter (D) and line source length (L), numerical studies of the migration law of the wetting front of VLSI and the distribution characteristics of soil moisture were performed. The wetting front migration (WFM) was mainly influenced by ST, θi, D and L (P &lt; 0.05), while B had little effect on WFM (P &gt; 0.05). The shape of the soil wetting body changed little under different influencing factors. The water content contour was approximately ‘ellipsoidal’ around the line source. The soil moisture near the line source was close to the saturated moisture content. The moisture content around the line source gradually decreased outward, and the contour lines gradually became dense. According to the simulation results, a prediction model of multiple factors influencing the migration process of the VLSI wetting front was established. The predicted value was in good agreement with the measured value. The results of this research could provide a theoretical basis for further optimizing the combination of VLSI and irrigation elements.
The Effectiveness of Nanoparticles on Gene Therapy for Glioblastoma Cells Apoptosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alavian Firoozeh , Ghasemi Sorayya 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and fatal type of
glioma. Nanoparticles (NPs) are used in new approaches for the delivery of gene therapy in the
treatment of GBM.

Introduction:
The purpose of this article was to review the efficacy of NPs as the targeted carriers
in the gene therapy aimed at apoptosis in GBM.

Methods:
The appropriate keywords such as nanoparticle, glioblastoma, gene therapy, apoptosis,
and related words were used to search from PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus for relevant
publications up to September 4, 2020, with no language restrictions. The present systematic review
was performed based on PRISMA protocol and reviewed the articles evaluating the effects of nanoparticles,
carriers of various gene therapies essentials, on GBM cells apoptosis in vitro and in vivo.
The selected articles were considered using specific scores on the quality of the articles. Data extraction
and quality evaluation were performed by two reviewers.

Result:
Of 101 articles retrieved, forty-two met the inclusion criteria and were, therefore, subjected
to the final deduction. The most widely used NP in GBM gene therapy studies is polyamidoamine
(PAMAM). The most common gene therapy approach for apoptosis in GBM is using siRNAs.

Conclusions:
In conclusion, these studies validated that NPs could be a practical choice to enhance
the efficiency and specific delivery in gene therapies for GBM cell apoptosis. However, the choice
of NP type and gene therapy mechanism affect the GBM cell apoptotic efficiency.
Internet-Specific Epistemic Beliefs in Medicine and Intention to Use Evidence-Based Online Medical Databases Among Health Care Professionals: Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Chiu Yen-Lin , Lee Yu-Chen , Tsai Chin-Chung 
Published: February 2021

Background
Evidence-based medicine has been regarded as a prerequisite for ensuring health care quality. The increase in health care professionals’ adoption of web-based medical information and the lack of awareness of alternative access to evidence-based online resources suggest the need for an investigation of their information-searching behaviors of using evidence-based online medical databases.

Objective
The main purposes of this study were to (1) modify and validate the internet-specific epistemic beliefs in medicine (ISEBM) questionnaire and (2) explore the associations between health care professionals’ demographics, ISEBM, and intention to use evidence-based online medical databases for clinical practice.

Methods
Health care professionals in a university-affiliated teaching hospital were surveyed using the ISEBM questionnaire. The partial least squares-structural equation modeling was conducted to analyze the reliability and validity of ISEBM. Furthermore, the structural model was analyzed to examine the possible linkages between health professionals’ demographics, ISEBM, and intention to utilize the evidence-based online medical databases for clinical practice.

Results
A total of 273 health care professionals with clinical working experience were surveyed. The results of the measurement model analysis indicated that all items had significant loadings ranging from 0.71 to 0.92 with satisfactory composite reliability values ranging from 0.87 to 0.94 and average variance explained values ranging from 0.70 to 0.84. The results of the structural relationship analysis revealed that the source of internet-based medical knowledge (path coefficient –0.26, P=.01) and justification of internet-based knowing in medicine (path coefficient 0.21, P=.001) were correlated with the intention to use evidence-based online medical databases. However, certainty and simplicity of internet-based medical knowledge were not. In addition, gender (path coefficient 0.12, P=.04) and academic degree (path coefficient 0.15, P=.004) were associated with intention to use evidence-based online medical databases for clinical practice.

Conclusions
Advancing health care professionals’ ISEBM regarding source and justification may encourage them to retrieve valid medical information through evidence-based medical databases. Moreover, providing support for specific health care professionals (ie, females, without a master’s degree) may promote their intention to use certain databases for clinical practice.
Learning From Others Without Sacrificing Privacy: Simulation Comparing Centralized and Federated Machine Learning on Mobile Health Data
Authors: Liu Jessica Chia , Goetz Jack , Sen Srijan , Tewari Ambuj 
Published: February 2021

Background
The use of wearables facilitates data collection at a previously unobtainable scale, enabling the construction of complex predictive models with the potential to improve health. However, the highly personal nature of these data requires strong privacy protection against data breaches and the use of data in a way that users do not intend. One method to protect user privacy while taking advantage of sharing data across users is federated learning, a technique that allows a machine learning model to be trained using data from all users while only storing a user’s data on that user’s device. By keeping data on users’ devices, federated learning protects users’ private data from data leaks and breaches on the researcher’s central server and provides users with more control over how and when their data are used. However, there are few rigorous studies on the effectiveness of federated learning in the mobile health (mHealth) domain.

Objective
We review federated learning and assess whether it can be useful in the mHealth field, especially for addressing common mHealth challenges such as privacy concerns and user heterogeneity. The aims of this study are to describe federated learning in an mHealth context, apply a simulation of federated learning to an mHealth data set, and compare the performance of federated learning with the performance of other predictive models.

Methods
We applied a simulation of federated learning to predict the affective state of 15 subjects using physiological and motion data collected from a chest-worn device for approximately 36 minutes. We compared the results from this federated model with those from a centralized or server model and with the results from training individual models for each subject.

Results
In a 3-class classification problem using physiological and motion data to predict whether the subject was undertaking a neutral, amusing, or stressful task, the federated model achieved 92.8% accuracy on average, the server model achieved 93.2% accuracy on average, and the individual model achieved 90.2% accuracy on average.

Conclusions
Our findings support the potential for using federated learning in mHealth. The results showed that the federated model performed better than a model trained separately on each individual and nearly as well as the server model. As federated learning offers more privacy than a server model, it may be a valuable option for designing sensitive data collection methods.
Husbands’ Knowledge of Breast Cancer and Their Wives’ Attitudes and Practices Related to Breast Cancer Screening in Saudi Arabia: Cross-sectional Online Survey
Authors: Sabgul Afnan Abdulnasir , Qattan Ameerah M N , Hashmi Rubayyat , Al-Hanawi Mohammed Khaled 
Published: February 2021

Background
Despite Saudi Arabia’s free and well-established cancer care program, breast cancer incidence and mortality are rising. Husbands’ knowledge, and wives’ attitudes and practices related to breast cancer screening are not well understood in Saudi Arabia.

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate husbands’ knowledge, and wives’ attitudes and practices related to breast cancer screening in Saudi Arabia.

Methods
This cross-sectional study collected data from 403 husbands in the holy city of Makkah through an online self-reported questionnaire over a period of 2 months, from May 6 to July 7, 2020. Tabulation, bivariate, and multiple regression analyses were the major tools used for data analysis. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine the association between husbands’ knowledge and wives’ behavior regarding breast cancer screening methods.

Results
Husbands’ knowledge score (a 1-point increase) was significantly associated with the wives’ utilization of mammograms (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.089, 95% CI 1.024-1.159) and breast self-examination (AOR 1.177, 95% CI 1.105-1.255). Husbands’ knowledge also influenced the wives’ attitudes toward learning about breast self-examination (AOR 1.138, 95% CI 1.084-1.195). There was no significant association between husbands’ knowledge and wives’ utilization of clinical breast examination. However, richer husbands showed a socioeconomic gradient concerning their wives’ utilization of clinical breast examinations (AOR 2.603, 95% CI 1.269-5.341).

Conclusions
Overall, husbands’ knowledge of breast cancer influences wives’ attitudes and practices related to breast cancer screening methods in Saudi Arabia. Thus, interventions delivered to husbands might increase breast cancer awareness and survival.
Technology-Based Psychological Interventions for Young Adults With Early Psychosis and Cannabis Use Disorder: Qualitative Study of Patient and Clinician Perspectives
Authors: Tatar Ovidiu , Abdel-Baki Amal , Tra Christophe , Mongeau-Pérusse Violaine , Arruda Nelson , Kaur Navdeep , Landry Vivianne , Coronado-Montoya Stephanie , Jutras-Aswad Didier 
Published: February 2021

Background
The persistence of cannabis use disorder (CUD) in young adults with first-episode psychosis (FEP) is associated with poor clinical and functional outcomes. Face-to-face psychological interventions are effective in treating CUD. However, their use in early intervention services (EISs) for psychosis is inconsistent because of barriers, including high workload and heterogeneity in training of clinicians and lack of motivation for treatment among patients. Tailoring new technology-based psychological interventions (TBPIs) to overcome these barriers is necessary to ensure their optimal acceptability.

Objective
The aim of this study is twofold: to explore psychological intervention practices and intervention targets that are relevant for treating CUD in individuals with early psychosis and to explore factors related to the development and implementation of a technology-assisted psychological intervention.

Methods
A total of 10 patients undergoing treatment for FEP and CUD in EISs participated in a focus group in June 2019. Semistructured individual interviews were conducted with 10 clinicians working in first-episode clinics in the province of Québec, Canada. A hybrid inductive-deductive approach was used to analyze data. For the deductive analysis, we used categories of promoting strategies found in the literature shown to increase adherence to web-based interventions for substance use (ie, tailoring, reminders, delivery strategies, social support, and incentives). For the inductive analysis, we identified new themes through an iterative process of reviewing the data multiple times by two independent reviewers.

Results
Data were synthesized into five categories of factors that emerged from data collection, and a narrative synthesis of commonalities and differences between patient and clinician perspectives was produced. The categories included attitudes and beliefs related to psychological interventions (eg, behavioral stage of change), strategies for psychological interventions (eg, motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioral therapy, psychoeducation, stress management), incentives (eg, contingency management), general interest in TBPIs (eg, facilitators and barriers of TBPIs), and tailoring of TBPIs (eg, application needs and preferences, outcome measures of interest for clinicians).

Conclusions
This study provides a comprehensive portrait of the multifaceted needs and preferences of patients and clinicians related to TBPIs. Our results can inform the development of smartphone- or web-based psychological interventions for CUD in young adults with early psychosis.
Computer Mouse Movements as an Indicator of Work Stress: Longitudinal Observational Field Study
Authors: Banholzer Nicolas , Feuerriegel Stefan , Fleisch Elgar , Bauer Georg Friedrich , Kowatsch Tobias 
Published: February 2021

Background
Work stress affects individual health and well-being. These negative effects could be mitigated through regular monitoring of employees’ stress. Such monitoring becomes even more important as the digital transformation of the economy implies profound changes in working conditions.

Objective
The goal of this study was to investigate the association between computer mouse movements and work stress in the field.

Methods
We hypothesized that stress is associated with a speed-accuracy trade-off in computer mouse movements. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a longitudinal field study at a large business organization, where computer mouse movements from regular work activities were monitored over 7 weeks; the study included 70 subjects and 1829 observations. A Bayesian regression model was used to estimate whether self-reported acute work stress was associated with a speed-accuracy trade-off in computer mouse movements.

Results
There was a negative association between stress and the two-way interaction term of mouse speed and accuracy (mean −0.32, 95% highest posterior density interval −0.58 to −0.08), which means that stress was associated with a speed-accuracy trade-off. The estimated association was not sensitive to different processing of the data and remained negative after controlling for the demographics, health, and personality traits of subjects.

Conclusions
Self-reported acute stress is associated with computer mouse movements, specifically in the form of a speed-accuracy trade-off. This finding suggests that the regular analysis of computer mouse movements could indicate work stress.
Perubahan antropometri, kalsium darah, tekanan darah, dan kebugaran fisik akibat asupan susu kambing pada olahragawan
Authors: Yusni Yusni , Amiruddin Amiruddin 
Published: February 2021

Changes in anthropometry, blood calcium, blood pressure, and physical fitness due to goat's milk intake in athletesBackground: The intake of healthy-balanced nutrition is needed by athletes. The complex nutritional content of goat milk such as protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamin, and mineral acts as sports nutrition during and after training. Objective: This study aims to analyze the effects of goat milk on physical fitness, anthropometrics, blood calcium, and blood pressure in athletes. Methods: A clinical trial was conducted using healthy human subjects. Subjects were runners (n=10 people) as the control group and gymnasts (n=19 people) as the treatment group, male, age 21-27 years, and healthy. Bodyweight (BW), Height, and Body Mass Index (BMI), blood calcium, Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), and physical fitness were examined two times, before and after consuming goat milk. Intervention: fresh goat milk, 250 mg/day (after dinner), and given for 90 days. Data were analyzed using a paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test. Results: There was no difference between BW (p=0.07), BMI (p=0.08), and DBP (p=0.24), but instead there was a significant difference in SBP (p=0.00) before and after goat milk intervention in the experimental group. Blood calcium was significantly increased (p=0.00) in the intervention group, whereas reverse decreased significantly (p=0.02) in controls. A significant difference before and after therapy was found in speed (p=0.00), arm muscle endurance (p=0.01), an-aerobic endurance (p=0.00), agility (p=0.02), however, there was no significant difference between leg muscle power (p=0.13), flexibility (p=0.23), an endurance of abdominal muscles (p=0.26), VO2 max (p=1.15) in the intervention group. Conclusions: Regular consumption of goat milk can reduce SBP, increase blood calcium levels, and improve physical fitness (speed, arm muscle endurance, anaerobic endurance, and agility) in athletes. Goat milk is an essential role in sports nutrition for physical fitness and athlete's health.
Dietary acid load berhubungan dengan sindrom metabolik dan kesehatan mental pada mahasiswi obesitas
Authors: Jauharany Firdananda Fikri , Kartasurya Martha Irene , Kartini Apoina , Dieny Fillah Fithra , Sawitri Dian Ratna , Noer Etika Ratna 
Published: February 2021

The dietary acid load was associated with metabolic syndrome and mental health among obese college studentsBackground: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome has been increasing every year in the young population. The western diet is one of the causes that makes excess acid in the body called a dietary acid load. On the other hand, the high dietary acid load was associated with decreased mental health status.Objective: To examine the association between dietary acid load and the risk of metabolic syndrome and mental health.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted with 115 female students in Semarang aged 18-22 years. The dietary acid load was evaluated through a potential renal acid load (PRAL), the risk score for metabolic syndrome was calculated by Metabolic syndrome risk score. Mental health status was assessed through levels of self-esteem and levels of anxiety. The level of self-esteem was measured by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale questionnaire, while the level of anxiety was measured by the State Anxiety Inventory questionnaire. Multiple linear regression models with adjustment for a potential cofounding variable were used to evaluate the association between dietary acid load with metabolic syndrome scores, self-esteem scores, and anxiety scores.Results: The mean PRAL score was 6.11 ± 9.72 mEq/day indicated the intake of the subjects was the dietary acid load. 13% of subjects had metabolic syndrome, and 87% had a pre-metabolic syndrome. 36.5% of the subjects have low self-esteem scores. The anxiety level score calculation shows that 59.1% of the subjects are at high risk of anxiety. Pearson test showed that PRAL scores were correlated with anxiety scores (r=0,669; p<0,001). The linear regression test showed that PRAL scores were correlated with metabolic syndrome scores (β=0.899; p<0.001) and self-esteem scores (β =-0.069; p=0.047).Conclusions: High dietary acid load may be a risk factor related to the development of metabolic disorders and decreased mental health status in females with obesity.
Sobredosis por bloqueadores de calcio en una mujer
Authors: Veras Victoria Andy , Mejia de la Cruz Dolores Magdalena , Mateo de la Cruz Mirian Bethania , Roedan Oliver Francisco , Henriquez Perez Pura Maria 
Published: February 2021

Los bloqueadores de los canales de calcio son un tipo de medicamento comúnmente utilizado para enfermedades como la hipertensión, la fibrilación auricular, la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias. La sobredosis con este medicamento puede causar efectos adversos fatales, como el colapso cardiovascular; por lo tanto, es importante identificar y tratar a estos pacientes lo antes posible. El tratamiento para la toxicidad del bloqueador de los canales de calcio está respaldado por evidencia de baja calidad en la literatura médica. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 19 años que se intoxica con el bloqueador de los canales de calcio nifedipina. La paciente llegó a la sala de emergencias 20 horas después de la ingestión de 53 tabletas de nifedipina de 10 mg cada una, presentándose en el departamento de emergencias con hipotensión y síntomas de emesis repetida después de ingerir líquidos y alimentos sólidos. Posteriormente, la paciente sufrió un shock cardiogénico que condujo a la admisión a la UCI cardiovascular, que requirió intubación, noradrenalina y soporte dopaminérgico. Durante su estadía en la UCI Cardiovascular, la paciente presentó neumonía por aspiración; después del 7º día en la unidad, fue transferida a la sala clínica y después del 4º día en esa área se recuperó por completo y fue dada de alta después de ser evaluada por el departamento de psiquiatría. Aquí presentamos un caso de sobredosis de nifedipina tratado con éxito, el cual es un tema que se subestima y del cual no se posee suficiente evidencia en cuanto manejo adecuado de estos pacientes.