bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total 1-year hospital cost of middle meningeal artery embolization compared to surgery for chronic subdural hematomas: a propensity-adjusted analysis
Authors: Catapano Joshua S , Koester Stefan W , Srinivasan Visish M , Rumalla Kavelin , Baranoski Jacob F , Rutledge Caleb , Cole Tyler S , Winkler Ethan A , Lawton Michael T , Jadhav Ashutosh P , Ducruet Andrew F , Albuquerque Felipe C 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundMiddle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization results in fewer treatment failures than surgical evacuation for chronic subdural hematomas (cSDHs). We compared the total 1-year hospital cost for MMA embolization versus surgical evacuation for patients with cSDH.MethodsData for patients who presented with cSDHs from January 1, 2018, through May 31, 2020, were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were grouped by initial treatment (surgery vs MMA embolization), and total hospital cost was obtained. A propensity-adjusted analysis was performed. The primary outcome was difference in mean hospital cost between treatments.ResultsOf 170 patients, 48 (28%) underwent embolization and 122 (72%) underwent surgery. cSDHs were larger in the surgical (20.5 (6.7) mm) than in the embolization group (16.9 (4.6) mm; P<0.001); and index hospital length of stay was longer in the surgical group (9.8 (7.0) days) than in the embolization group (5.7 (2.4) days; P<0.001). More patients required additional hematoma treatment in the surgical cohort (16%) than in the embolization cohort (4%; P=0.03), and more required readmission in the surgical cohort (28%) than in the embolization cohort (13%; P=0.04). After propensity adjustment, MMA embolization was associated with a lower total hospital cost compared to surgery (mean difference −$32 776; 95% CI −$52 766 to −$12 787; P<0.001). A propensity-adjusted linear regression analysis found that unexpected additional treatment was the only significant contributor to total hospital cost (mean difference $96 357; 95% CI $73 886 to $118 827; P<0.001).ConclusionsMMA embolization is associated with decreased total hospital cost compared with surgery for cSDHs. This lower cost is directly related to the decreased need for additional treatment interventions.
Humoral protection to SARS-CoV2 declines faster in patients on TNF alpha blocking therapies
Authors: Geisen Ulf M , Sümbül Melike , Tran Florian , Berner Dennis K , Reid Hayley M , Vullriede Lena , Ciripoi Maria , Longardt Ann C , Hoff Paula , Morrison Peter J , Schneider Verena E , Zeuner Rainald , Schirmer Jan H , Steinbach Andrea , Nikolaus Susanna , Gerdes S , Schreiber Stefan , Bacher Petra , Hoyer Bimba F 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundThe persistence of the SARS-CoV2 pandemic, partly due to the appearance of highly infectious variants, has made booster vaccinations necessary for vulnerable groups. Questions remain as to which cohorts require SARS-CoV2 boosters. However, there is a critical lack of data on the dynamics of vaccine responses in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases (CID) undergoing immunosuppressive/disease modifying anti-rheumatic (DMARD) treatment. Here, we present the first data regarding the decline of the vaccine-induced humoral immune responses in patients with CID.Methods23 patients with CID were monitored clinically and for anti-spike IgG and IgA levels, neutralization efficacy and antigen-specific CD4+ T cell responses over the first 6 months after SARS-CoV2 vaccination. 24 healthy individuals were included as controls.ResultsWhile anti-spike IgG-levels declined in CID patients and healthy controls, patients receiving anti-TNF treatment showed significantly greater declines at 6 months post second vaccination in IgG and especially neutralizing antibodies. IgA levels were generally lower in CID patients, particularly during anti-TNF therapy. No differences in SARS-CoV2 spike-specific CD4+ T-cell frequencies were detected.ConclusionAlthough the long-term efficacy of SARS-CoV2 vaccination in CID patients undergoing disease-modifying therapy is still not known, the pronounced declines in humoral responses towards SARS-CoV2 6 months after mRNA vaccination in the context of TNF blockade should be considered when formulating booster regimens. These patients should be considered for early booster vaccinations.
Bottomonium production and polarization in the NRQCD with $$k_T$$-factorization. III: $$\Upsilon (1S)$$ and $$\chi _b(1P)$$ mesons
Authors: Abdulov N. A. , Lipatov A. V. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe $$\Upsilon (1S)$$

Υ
(
1
S
)

meson production and polarization at high energies is studied in the framework of the $$k_T$$

k
T

-factorization approach. Our consideration is based on the non-relativistic QCD formalism for a bound states formation and off-shell production amplitudes for hard partonic subprocesses. The direct production mechanism, feed-down contributions from radiative $$\chi _b(mP)$$

χ
b

(
m
P
)

decays and contributions from $$\Upsilon (3S)$$

Υ
(
3
S
)

and $$\Upsilon (2S)$$

Υ
(
2
S
)

decays are taken into account. The transverse momentum dependent (TMD) gluon densities in a proton were derived from the Ciafaloni–Catani–Fiorani–Marchesini evolution equation and the Kimber-Martin–Ryskin prescription. Treating the non-perturbative color octet transitions in terms of multipole radiation theory, we extract the corresponding non-perturbative matrix elements for $$\Upsilon (1S)$$

Υ
(
1
S
)

and $$\chi _b(1P)$$

χ
b

(
1
P
)

mesons from a combined fit to transverse momenta distributions measured at various LHC experiments. Then we apply the extracted values to investigate the polarization parameters $$\lambda _\theta $$

λ
θ

, $$\lambda _\phi $$

λ
ϕ

and $$\lambda _{\theta \phi }$$

λ

θ
ϕ

, which determine the $$\Upsilon (1S)$$

Υ
(
1
S
)

spin density matrix. Our predictions have a reasonably good agreement with the currently available Tevatron and LHC data within the theoretical and experimental uncertainties.
Preliminary Characterization of Predictive Factors of the Visual Change after Epi-On and Epi-Off Corneal Collagen Crosslinking Techniques
Authors: Hamida Abdelkader Sidi Mohamed , Fernández Joaquín , Sebastián Javier , Piñero David P. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose. To investigate the potential predictive factors of the visual change achieved with accelerated epi-on and epi-off corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) in keratoconus. Methods. This retrospective comparative study analyzed 67 eyes treated with an accelerated epithelium-on (epi-on group) and epithelium-off (epi-off group) CXL. The clinical outcomes were evaluated and compared during a 1-year follow-up. Likewise, the relationship of the change achieved with both CXL techniques in the corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) with different preoperative data was investigated. Results. The mean CDVA change at 3 months postoperatively was −0.04 ± 0.19 and −0.07 ± 0.25 in the epi-on and epi-off groups, respectively (

p

= 0.809). In the epi-on group, this change was significantly correlated with the preoperative apical (r = −0.375,

p

= 0.045) and central corneal thickness (r = −0.402,

p

= 0.031). In the epi-off group, the CDVA change was significantly correlated with not only the preoperative apical (r = 0.402,

p

= 0.028) and central corneal thickness (r = 0.367,

p

= 0.046) but also with some topometric and aberrometric indices (r ≤ −0.374,

p

≤ 0.042). Furthermore, the change in CDVA in the epi-on group could be predicted from age, preoperative refractive astigmatism J45 component, anterior corneal asphericity, and posterior corneal high order aberration root mean square (

p

= 0.002, R2 = 0.503). In the epi-off group, the CDVA change could be predicted from the preoperative minimum corneal thickness and magnitude of the vertical anterior corneal primary coma component (

p

= 0.001, R2 = 0.446). Conclusions. Clearly, different predictive factors of the visual change induced with the accelerated epi-on and epi-off CXL techniques are present, suggesting a different mechanism of action for stiffening the cornea and inducing changes in this structure.
NRSF-
GNAO1
Pathway Contributes to the Regulation of Cardiac Ca
2+
Homeostasis
Authors: Inazumi Hideaki , Kuwahara Koichiro , Nakagawa Yasuaki , Kuwabara Yoshihiro , Numaga-Tomita Takuro , Kashihara Toshihide , Nakada Tsutomu , Kurebayashi Nagomi , Oya Miku , Nonaka Miki , Sugihara Masami , Kinoshita Hideyuki , Moriuchi Kenji , Yanagisawa Hiromu , Nishikimi Toshio , Motoki Hirohiko , Yamada Mitsuhiko , Morimoto Sachio , Otsu Kinya , Mortensen Richard M. , Nakao Kazuwa , Kimura Takeshi 
Published: December 2021

Background:
During the development of heart failure, a fetal cardiac gene program is reactivated and accelerates pathological cardiac remodeling. We previously reported that a transcriptional repressor, NRSF (neuron restrictive silencer factor), suppresses the fetal cardiac gene program, thereby maintaining cardiac integrity. The underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be determined, however.

Methods:
We aim to elucidate molecular mechanisms by which NRSF maintains normal cardiac function. We generated cardiac-specific NRSF knockout mice and analyzed cardiac gene expression profiles in those mice and mice cardiac-specifically expressing a dominant-negative NRSF mutant.

Results:

We found that cardiac expression of Gα
o
, an inhibitory G protein encoded in humans by
GNAO1
, is transcriptionally regulated by NRSF and is increased in the ventricles of several mouse models of heart failure. Genetic knockdown of
Gnao1
ameliorated the cardiac dysfunction and prolonged survival rates in these mouse heart failure models. Conversely, cardiac-specific overexpression of
GNAO1
in mice was sufficient to induce cardiac dysfunction. Mechanistically, we observed that increasing Gα
o
expression increased surface sarcolemmal L-type Ca
2+
channel activity, activated CaMKII (calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase-II) signaling, and impaired Ca
2+
handling in ventricular myocytes, which led to cardiac dysfunction.

Conclusions:

These findings shed light on a novel function of Gα
o
in the regulation of cardiac Ca
2+
homeostasis and systolic function and suggest Gα
o
may be an effective therapeutic target for the treatment of heart failure.
Long-Term Mortality in Children With Ischemic Stroke: A Nationwide Register-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Sundelin Heléne E.K. , Walås Anna , Söderling Jonas , Bang Peter , Ludvigsson Jonas F. 
Published: December 2021

Background and Purpose:
Ischemic stroke is a common cause of death in adults, however, mortality after pediatric ischemic stroke is not well explored. We investigate long-term and cause-specific mortality in children with ischemic stroke and their first-degree relatives.

Methods:
Through nationwide Swedish registers, we identified 1606 individuals <18 years old with ischemic stroke between 1969 and 2016 and their first-degree relatives (n=5714). Each individual with ischemic stroke was compared with 10 reference individuals (controls) matched for age, sex, and county of residence. Our main analysis examined 1327 children with ischemic stroke still alive 1 week after the event. First-degree relatives to children with ischemic stroke were compared with first-degree relatives to the reference individuals. Using a Cox proportional hazard regression model, the risk of overall and cause-specific mortality was computed in individuals with pediatric ischemic stroke and their first-degree relatives.

Results:
The mortality rate in the first 6 months was 40.1 (95% CI, 24.7–55.6) per 1000 person-years compared with 1.1/1000 in controls (95% CI, 0.3–1.9). The overall mortality risk was hazard ratio (HR)=10.8 (95% CI, 8.1–14.3) and remained elevated beyond 20 years (HR=3.9 [95% CI, 2.1–7.1]). Children with ischemic stroke were at increased risk of death from neurological diseases (HR=29.9 [95% CI, 12.7–70.3]), cardiovascular diseases (HR=6.2 [95% CI, 1.8–22.2]), cancers (HR=6.5 [95% CI, 2.6–15.9]) and endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (HR=49.2 [95% CI, 5.7–420.8]). First-degree relatives to children with ischemic stroke had an increased mortality risk (HR=1.21 [95% CI, 1.05–1.39]), with the highest risk among siblings (HR=1.52 [95% CI, 1.09–2.11]) and relatives to individuals with ischemic stroke >28 days of age (HR=1.23 [95% CI, 1.06–1.42]) compared with the relatives of the controls.

Conclusions:
Long-term mortality increased after pediatric ischemic stroke, even 20 years later, with neurological diseases as the most frequent cause of death.
Entrepreneurship and Decentralised Investment in a Planned Economy
Authors: Nieto Maxi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Since the 1980s, authors of the Austrian School have argued that the problem of rational allocation in a planned economy is not computational or technical in nature (static optimisation, with given information) but a question of dynamic efficiency (innovation and the creation of new information), and that this would be impossible without market processes and free entrepreneurship. In this article, we argue to the contrary that a planned economy can effectively drive dynamic efficiency. We first reveal that the Austrian thesis on the impossibility of dynamic efficiency in socialist planning is based on tautological arguments, or on problems already solved by technological development. Secondly, we present an institutional formula for promoting innovative activities and entrepreneurship within a framework of social ownership of the means of production and social control of investment.
Apocalyptic Visions and Anthems of Hope: Climate Change Communication and Future Possibilities
Authors: Shepherd Andrew 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Within the emerging field of evolutionary psychology a consensus is developing that the triggering of emotions is integral to the human response to threats. This understanding of human psychology underlies a vigorous debate within the contemporary activity of climate change communication regarding the efficacy of the emotions of fear vis-à-vis hope for mobilising human behavioural change. Noting the contours of this debate and the paucity of radical future vision casting within contemporary western political discourse, the article examines how images of terror function within the ‘Little Apocalypse’ passage in Matthew 24 and potential insights this offers to our contemporary situation. Building upon this biblical reflection, the article contends that the Christian practices of preaching and singing have significant power to shape communal imaginative visions of alternative futures. As such, these practices are critical gifts that the church can offer the environmental movement and broader society in this moment of time.
Confronting the Ideology Behind the Post-Truth Phenomenon: Outlining a Public Theology of Ultimate Concern
Authors: Siu-pun Ho Ben 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The neologism ‘post-truth’ was declared to be ‘the word of the year’ in 2016 by the Oxford Dictionary. It came to prominence in the presidential election of that year in the United States and during the Brexit referendum. It represents the eclipse of a sense of shared objective truths and has become associated with terms like ‘fake news’ and ‘alternative facts’ – and, with reference to Covid-19, conspiracy theories. The purpose of this article is to provide a theological engagement with this phenomenon; it does so by making a distinction between two types of response in the extant literature. Moreover, it offers a critique on the basis of theories of ideology and politics and draws upon the theology of Paul Tillich to offer a constructive proposal.
A Trauma-Ridden Body Lifted High: Eschatological Imagination in a Public Square
Authors: Park Hee-Kyu Heidi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Public demonstrations shed much meaning when the precarity of the human body’s standing in the public space is considered. This article seeks to decipher the complex messages such instances communicate through a case study of a one-person protest against a multinational conglomerate on a CCTV pole in Seoul. It describes how the body’s precarity generates transformative social imaginations through interdisciplinary analysis. Starting with a thick description of the protester’s and his community’s history, this article interprets the message conveyed in this particular public space through interdisciplinary analysis. The resulting interpretation allows the formation of an eschatological theological imagination which brews with the possibility to transform the public onlooker into participants in such imagination.
De doodstraf in het Scheldedepartement en de provincie Oost-Vlaanderen in de Franse en Hollandse tijd, 1796-1830
Authors: Monballyu Jos 
Published: December 2021

Summary
The French revolutionary legislature imposed capital punishments for a number of serious crimes such as gang robbery, murder, poisoning, parental murder, infanticide, homicide and theft, arson and coin counterfeiting. These capital punishments reached their peak in the years 1798-1803, being the last two years of the Directoire and the first years under Napoleon. A total of 231 death sentences were handed down in the Scheldt Department and the Province of East Flanders, 70 in default and 161 contradictory, of which 129 were executed. Most death sentences were imposed for a property crime. Crimes against individuals then came only second.
Anticipated Changes in Alaska Extreme Precipitation
Authors: Bieniek Peter A. , Walsh John E. , Fresco Nancy , Tauxe Cameron , Redilla Kyle 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Flooding from extreme precipitation can have major impacts on society in Alaska. Understanding how these extremes may change in the future is needed for better planning under climate change. Data on future changes in extreme precipitation over Alaska from dynamically downscaled output of two global climate models (GFDL and CCSM) were employed in this study. Threshold amounts for duration of the precipitation event (1 h, 1 day, and 30 days) and return intervals (2, 10, and 50 years) are evaluated and further downscaled onto NOAA Atlas 14. For each duration and return interval, the models’ fractional changes of threshold amounts are applied to the Atlas 14 estimates to remove the model bias. The threshold amounts for nearly all event durations and return intervals are projected to increase from present (1979–2005) amounts to higher values in later decadal periods (2020–49, 2050–79, and 2080–99), and the percentage increases generally exceed the changes in the mean amounts. The percentage increases are comparable in the various geographical regions of Alaska, but the increases in the actual amounts are greatest in the wetter southeast. Although the downscaled GFDL model shows larger increases than the CCSM model in amounts for nearly all durations and return intervals, both models indicate that convective precipitation will become an increasingly greater fraction of the total precipitation during the warm season. The increase in the proportion of convective precipitation is consistent with the more rapid increase in extreme amounts than in mean amounts.
Effect of Periodic Voluntary Interventions on Trapezius Activation and Fatigue During Light Upper Limb Activity
Authors: Kim Dongwon , Nicoletti Corine , Soedirdjo Subaryani D. H. , Baghi Raziyeh , Garcia Maria-Gabriela , Läubli Thomas , Wild Pascal , Botter Alberto , Martin Bernard J. 
Published: December 2021

Objective The effects of diverse periodic interventions on trapezius muscle fatigue and activity during a full day of computer work were investigated. Background Musculoskeletal disorders, including trapezius myalgia, may be associated with repeated exposure to prolonged low-level activity, even during light upper-extremity tasks including computer work. Methods Thirty healthy adults participated in a study that simulated two 6-hour workdays of computer work. One workday involved imposed periodic passive and active interventions aimed at disrupting trapezius contraction monotony (Intervention day), whereas the other workday did not (Control day). Trapezius muscle activity was quantified by the 3-dimensional acceleration of the jolt movement of the acromion produced by electrically induced muscle twitches. The spatio-temporal distribution of trapezius activity was measured through high-density surface electromyography (HD-EMG). Results The twitch acceleration magnitude in one direction was significantly different across measurement periods ( p = 0.0156) on Control day, whereas no significant differences in any direction were observed ( p > 0.05) on Intervention day. The HD-EMG from Intervention day showed that only significant voluntary muscle contractions (swing arms, Jacobson maneuver) induced a decrease in the muscle activation time and an increase in the spatial muscle activation areas ( p < 0.01). Conclusion Disruption of trapezius monotonous activity via brief voluntary contractions effectively modified the ensuing contraction pattern (twitch acceleration along one axis, active epochs reduction, and larger spatial distribution). The observed changes support an associated reduction of muscle fatigue. Application This study suggests that disruptive intervention activity is efficient in reducing the impact of trapezius muscle fatigue.
Opinion on the Optimal Histologic Evaluation of the Bone Marrow in Nonclinical Toxicity Studies
Authors: Biddle Kathleen E. 
Published: December 2021

Identification of bone marrow toxicity is an important issue in drug development and toxicologic pathologists play a critical role in that identification. Knowledge of the general components of bone marrow, relevant anatomical and species differences, and the standard approach (routine systematic histological evaluation of the bone marrow in conjunction with analysis of the peripheral complete blood count data) will be reviewed. Specific morphologic features that anatomic pathologists should look for in the various components of bone marrow as well as suggested terminology for bone marrow findings will be discussed. Finally, an opinion on the limitations of the standard approach to bone marrow evaluation will be provided including general recommendations on when additional methods (image analysis of hematoxylin and eosin stained slides, flow cytometry or Sysmex XT 2000iV analysis, cytological evaluation of bone marrow smears, in vitro models, and transmission electron microscopy) might be useful in the detection or further characterization of bone marrow toxicity. [Box: see text]