bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motivational Interviewing Training for Advanced Practice Nursing Students to Address Prescription Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: McMorrow Madeline C. , Chang Yu-Ping 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Prescription opioid use disorder in the United States has increased to epidemic proportions and poses a challenging problem to health care providers. Motivational interviewing (MI) is a patient-centered counseling style that can effectively reduce substance abuse, but MI training has not been well incorporated into advanced practice nursing curricula. Standardized patient (SP) simulation is an educational tool that is growing in popularity because of its success in improving nursing skills. Medical students and residents who underwent a formalized MI training with an SP simulation showed positive results. This study aimed to determine whether an MI training with an SP simulation improved NP students' knowledge, confidence, and skills in MI. A one-group pretest–posttest repeated measures design was used. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and repeated measures analysis of variance, and qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. Results indicated that the MI training showed a significant impact on students' confidence in MI and promising impacts on students' MI knowledge and skills. Students valued the training, favoring the SP component, and plan to use MI in future practice. An MI training can be effectively incorporated into an advanced practice nursing program and would better prepare students to address prescription opioid use disorder and effectively encourage behavior change among their patients.
An Opioid Education Program for Baccalaureate Nursing Students
Authors: Hines Cheryl B. , Cody Shameka L. , Eyer Joshua C. , Coupe Landry 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Unintentional drug overdose is the leading cause of accidental death in the United States. Previous research identified training health caregivers in the rescue medication naloxone as a strategy to prevent death from opioid overdose. Existing research on naloxone training with nursing students is limited. This educational research project investigated whether training on opioids, opioid toxicity, and overdose response could impact student knowledge, skills, and confidence responding to overdoses.

Method
Data were collected from baccalaureate nursing students using three sources: the Brief Opioid Overdose Knowledge questionnaire, a rubric based on the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration opioid overdose prevention toolkit, and a researcher-developed evaluation.

Results
Planned repeated-measures analyses of variance conducted on data from 284 baccalaureate students indicated high uptake of knowledge and skills for opioid toxicity and naloxone administration. Results were maintained with slight enhancement at 1 week, and training was highly rated. Cohort analysis suggests efficacy across semesters.

Conclusion
Education improved student opioid knowledge, skills, and confidence and was relevant across undergraduate nursing curricula.
Assessing comorbidities and survival in HIV-infected and uninfected matched Medicare enrollees
Authors: Yu Xiaoying , Westra Jordan R. , Giordano Thomas P. , Berenson Abbey B. , Baillargeon Jacques G. , Kuo Yong-Fang 
Published: May 2021

Objective:
People with HIV infection experience excessive mortality compared with their noninfected counterparts. It is unclear whether the impact of HIV infection on mortality varies by comorbidities or whether sex difference exists in this relationship. This study assessed the effect of newly diagnosed HIV infection on overall mortality among Medicare beneficiaries for both disabled and older adults (≥65 years old) based on their original entitlement.

Methods:
We constructed a retrospective matched cohort using a 5% nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries between 1996 and 2015. People with incident HIV diagnoses were individually matched to up to three controls based on demographics. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for baseline demographics and comorbidities were used to assess the effect of HIV status on survival among four disabled groups by sex strata. Within each stratum, interactions between comorbidity variables and HIV status were examined.

Results:
People with HIV, especially older women, had a higher prevalence of baseline comorbidities than controls. HIV--mortality association varied according to sex in older adults (P = 0.004). Comorbidity--HIV interactions were more pronounced in disabled groups (P < 0.0001). People with HIV with more chronic conditions had a less pronounced increase in the risk of death than those with fewer conditions, compared with uninfected controls.

Conclusion:
Medicare enrollees with newly diagnosed HIV had more prevalent baseline comorbidities and were at higher risk of death than people without HIV. HIV infection has a more pronounced effect among those with fewer comorbidities. Sex differences in HIV--mortality association exist among older Medicare enrollees.
REM Sleep and Total Sleep Time Improvement After Routine Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Active Duty Service Members With Depression
Authors: Hines Christopher E. , Mooney Scott , DeAngelo Alan , Bartocci Angelo 
Published: May 2021

Objectives
The prevalence of depression and insomnia in the military are substantial. Several transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies have used self-report sleep data as secondary research outcomes; however, there are limited studies using the gold standard of polysomnography (PSG) to ascertain actual sleep changes. Here, we provide data from a pilot and feasibility study using PSG to measure sleep changes after repetitive TMS.

Methods
Thirty-eight active duty service members (ADSM) were consented, of which 20 completed the study. The ADSM who met study criteria where sent for an initial PSG and completed baseline self-report measures. They then completed a standard course of TMS, and self-report measures were completed every fifth session. After TMS completion, ADSM underwent final PSG.

Results
Comparison of baseline and postintervention PSG sleep parameters highlight that total rapid eye movement sleep improved after a course of TMS, regardless of improvements in depression. Total sleep time also improved, but only in the TMS responders subgroup. The Public Health Questionnaire-9 showed statistically significant improvement as did the Insomnia Severity Index and some components of the RAND Medical Outcomes Short Form 36.

Conclusion
Our small study confirms the feasibility of obtaining pre and post PSG for research purposes. We found similar results to previous studies with regard to depression improvement and self-reported sleep. Interestingly, almost all (including electroconvulsive therapy) somatic depression treatments have been shown to decrease REM, whereas our study found an increase in REM. Overall, this study helps further our understanding of TMS effects on sleep and presents new questions for potential larger follow-on studies.
Maladaptive Self-Focused Attention and Default Mode Network Connectivity: A Transdiagnostic Investigation Across Social Anxiety and Body Dysmorphic Disorders
Authors: Fang Angela , Baran Bengi , Beatty Clare C. , Mosley Jennifer , Feusner Jamie D. , Phan K. Luan , Wilhelm Sabine , Manoach Dara S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundMaladaptive self-focused attention (SFA) is a bias toward internal thoughts, feelings, and physical states. Despite its role as a core maintaining factor of symptoms in cognitive theories of social anxiety and body dysmorphic disorders, studies have not examined its neural basis. We hypothesized that maladaptive SFA would be associated with hyperconnectivity in the default mode network (DMN) in self-focused patients with these disorders.MethodsThirty patients and 28 healthy individuals were eligible and scanned. Eligibility was determined by scoring greater than 1SD or below 1SD of the Public Self-Consciousness Scale normative mean, respectively, for each group. Fifteen patients had primary social anxiety disorder and 15 had primary body dysmorphic disorder. Seed-to-voxel functional connectivity was computed using a DMN posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) seed.ResultsPatients (regardless of diagnosis) showed reduced functional connectivity of the PCC with several brain regions, including the bilateral superior parietal lobule (SPL), bilateral insula, cingulate cortex, and postcentral gyrus, compared to controls. PCC-SPL connectivity was inversely correlated with maladaptive SFA in patients but was not associated with social anxiety or body dysmorphic symptom severity, depression severity, or rumination. There was no evidence of increased functional connectivity within the DMN in patients compared to controls.ConclusionsAs the SPL is part of the dorsal attention network, which is typically activated during tasks requiring externally-oriented attention, abnormal PCC-SPL connectivity in patients may reflect difficulty shifting between internal versus external attention, and may represent a transdiagnostic neural marker of maladaptive SFA that could be targeted in interventions.Clinical Trials RegistrationClinicalTrials.govIdentifier:NCT02808702https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02808702
Vaccine-Hesitant Parents’ Considerations Regarding Covid-19 Vaccination of Adolescents
Authors: Atad Erga , Netzer Itamar , Peleg Orr , Landsman Keren , Dalyot Keren , Reuven Shanny Edan , Baram-Tsabari Ayelet 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionIsrael led a rapid vaccine rollout against COVID-19, leading to a local remission of the epidemic and rolling back of most public health measures. Further vaccination of 12-15-year-olds may be hindered by public perceptions of the necessity and safety of vaccination.Methodswe examined the considerations of vaccine hesitant parents (VHPs) regarding vaccination of children against COVID-19. The responses of 456 parents were surveyed and analyzed before FDA authorization of vaccination of children.Resultsparents who were vaccinated against COVID-19 were more likely to intend to vaccinate their children (r=-0.466, p<0.01). Low accessibility of vaccination may be a dissuading factor for VHPs more inclined to vaccinate. Vaccine efficacy and gaining a “Green Pass” were positively associated with an intention to vaccinate and statistically significant. VHPs inclined not to vaccinate indicated short development time and possible long term effects as dissuading factors.Discussionvaccine promotion should be tailored for VHP’s positive and negative considerations for higher uptake.
Dispersed Sleep Microstates and Associated Structural Changes in GBA1 Mouse: Relevance to Rapid Eye Movement Behavior Disorder
Authors: Gelegen Cigdem , Cash Diana , Ilic Katarina , Sander Millie , Kim Eugene , Simmons Camilla , Bernanos Michel , Lama Joana , Randall Karen , Brown Jonathan T. , Kalanj-Bognar Svjetlana , Cooke Samuel , Chaudhuri K Ray , Ballard Clive , Francis Paul , Rosenzweig Ivana 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) is a rare parasomnia that may predict the later occurrence of alpha-synucleinopathies. Variants in the gene encoding for the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase, GBA, strongly increase the risk of RBD. In a GBA1-mouse model recently shown to mimic prodromal stages of α-synucleinopathy, we now demonstrate striking REM and NREM sleep abnormalities accompanied by distinct structural changes in the more widespread sleep neurocircuitry.
An introduction to predictive distribution modelling for conservation to encourage novel perspectives
Authors: MacPherson M.P. , Burgio K.R. , DeSaix M.G. , Freeman B.G. , Herbert J. , Herman R. , Jirinec V. , Shonfield J. , Slager D.L. , van Rees C.B. , Jankowski J.E. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTAn introduction to predictive distribution modelling for conservation to encourage novel perspectives.The rapid pace and potentially irreversible consequences of global change create an urgent need to predict the spatial responses of biota for conservation to better inform the prioritization and management of terrestrial habitats and prevent future extinctions. Here, we provide an accessible entry point to the field to guide near-future work building predictive species distribution models (SDMs) by synthesizing a technical framework for the proactive conservation of avian biodiversity. Our framework offers a useful approach to navigate the challenges surrounding the large spatio-temporal resolution of datasets and datasets that favor hypothesis testing at broad spatio-temporal scales and coarse resolutions, which can affect our ability to assess the validity of current predicted distributions. We explain how to improve the accuracy of predictive models by determining the extent to which: 1) dispersal limitation impacts the rate of range shifts, 2) taxa are rare at their range limits, and 3) land use and climate change interact. Finally, we offer approaches to filling knowledge gaps by creatively leveraging existing methods and data sources.RESUMENUna introducción a la modelización predictiva de la distribución para la conservación con el fin de fomentar nuevas perspectivas. El rápido ritmo y las consecuencias potencialmente irreversibles del cambio global crean una necesidad urgente de predecir las respuestas espaciales de la biota para la conservación, con el fin de informar mejor la priorización y gestión de los hábitats terrestres y prevenir futuras extinciones. Aquí proporcionamos un punto de entrada accesible al campo para guiar el trabajo del futuro próximo en la construcción de modelos predictivos de distribución de especies (SDM), sintetizando un marco técnico para la conservación proactiva de la biodiversidad aviar. Nuestro marco ofrece un enfoque útil para navegar por los retos que rodean a la gran resolución espacio-temporal de los conjuntos de datos y a los conjuntos de datos que favorecen la comprobación de hipótesis a escalas espacio-temporales amplias y resoluciones gruesas, lo que puede afectar a nuestra capacidad para evaluar la validez de las distribuciones predichas actuales. Explicamos cómo mejorar la precisión de los modelos predictivos determinando hasta qué punto 1) la limitación de la dispersión influye en el ritmo de los cambios de área de distribución, 2) los taxones son raros en los límites de su área de distribución, y 3) el uso del suelo y el cambio climático interactúan. Por último, proponemos enfoques para colmar las lagunas de conocimiento aprovechando de forma creativa los métodos y fuentes de datos existentes.
Optimal dimensionality selection for independent component analysis of transcriptomic data
Authors: McConn John Luke , Lamoureux Cameron R. , Poudel Saugat , Palsson Bernhard O. , Sastry Anand V. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIndependent Component Analysis (ICA) is an unsupervised machine learning algorithm that separates a set of mixed signals into a set of statistically independent source signals. Applied to high-quality gene expression datasets, ICA effectively reveals the source signals of the transcriptome as groups of co-regulated genes and their corresponding activities across diverse growth conditions. Two major variables that affect the output of ICA are the diversity and scope of the underlying data, and the user-defined number of independent components, or dimensionality, to compute. Availability of high-quality transcriptomic datasets has grown exponentially as high-throughput technologies have advanced; however, optimal dimensionality selection remains an open question. Here, we introduce a new method, called OptICA, for effectively finding the optimal dimensionality that consistently maximizes the number of biologically relevant components revealed while minimizing the potential for over-decomposition. We show that OptICA outperforms two previously proposed methods for selecting the number of independent components across four transcriptomic databases of varying sizes. OptICA avoids both over-decomposition and under-decomposition of transcriptomic datasets resulting in the best representation of the organism’s underlying transcriptional regulatory network.
Automatic Consistency Assurance for Literature-based Gene Ontology Annotation
Authors: Chen Jiyu , Geard Nicholas , Zobel Justin , Verspoor Karin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundLiterature-based gene ontology (GO) annotation is a process where expert curators use uniform expressions to describe gene functions reported in research papers, creating computable representations of information about biological systems. Manual assurance of consistency between GO annotations and the associated evidence texts identified by expert curators is reliable but time-consuming, and is infeasible in the context of rapidly growing biological literature. A key challenge is maintaining consistency of existing GO annotations as new studies are published and the GO vocabulary is updated.MethodIn this work, we introduce a formalisation of biological database annotation inconsistencies, identifying four distinct types of inconsistency. We propose a novel and efficient method using state-of-the-art text mining models to automatically distinguish between consistent GO annotation and the different types of inconsistent GO annotation. We evaluate this method using a synthetic dataset generated by directed manipulation of instances in an existing corpus, BC4GO.Results and ConclusionTwo models built using our method for distinct annotation consistency identification tasks achieved high precision and were robust to updates in the GO vocabulary. We provide detailed error analysis for demonstrating that the method achieves high precision on more confident predictions. Our approach demonstrates clear value for human-in-the-loop curation scenarios.Data availabilityThe synthetic dataset, and the code for generating it are available at https://github.com/jiyuc/BioConsistency.
The type 3 secretion system requires actin polymerization to open translocon pores
Authors: Russo Brian C. , Duncan-Lowey Jeffrey K. , Chen Poyin , Goldberg Marcia B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMany bacterial pathogens require a type 3 secretion system (T3SS) to establish a niche. Host contact activates bacterial T3SS assembly of a translocon pore in the host plasma membrane. Following pore formation, the T3SS docks onto the translocon pore. Docking establishes a continuous passage that enables the translocation of virulence proteins, effectors, into the host cytosol. Here we investigate the contribution of actin polymerization to T3SS-mediated translocation. Using the T3SS model organism Shigella flexneri, we show that actin polymerization is required for assembling the translocon pore in an open conformation, thereby enabling effector translocation. Opening of the pore channel is associated with a conformational change to the pore, which is dependent upon actin polymerization and a coiled-coil domain in the pore protein IpaC. An IpaC mutant is identified that shows actin polymerization-dependent pore opening is distinct from the previously described actin polymerization-dependent ruffles that are required for bacterial internalization. Moreover, actin polymerization is not required for other pore functions, including docking or pore protein insertion into the plasma membrane. Thus, activation of the T3SS is a multilayered process in which host signals are sensed by the translocon pore leading to the activation of effector translocation.Significance StatementThe type 3 secretion system (T3SS) is required for the virulence of a variety of bacteria that infect humans. The T3SS forms in the host cell membrane a pore that is the conduit for delivering virulence proteins into the cell. Here, we demonstrate that actin polymerization is necessary to convert pores into an open conformation that is competent for virulence protein delivery. We find that activation of type 3 secretion proceeds in a multistep process whereby bacteria dock onto the translocon pore and then activate secretion and delivery of virulence proteins.
Complex and long-range linkage disequilibrium and its relationship with QTL for Marek’s Disease resistance in chicken populations
Authors: Lipkin Ehud , Fulton Janet E. , Smith Jacqueline , Burt David W. , Soller Morris 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTChicken long-range linkage disequilibrium (LRLD) and LD blocks, and their relationship with previously described Marek’s Disease (MD) quantitative trait loci regions (QTLRs), were studied in an F6 population from a full-sib advanced intercross line (FSAIL), and in eight commercial pure layer lines. Genome wide LRLD was studied in the F6 population by random samples of non-syntenic and syntenic marker pairs genotyped by Affymetrix HD 600K SNP array. To illustrate the relationship with QTLRs, LRLD and LD blocks in and between the MD QTLRs were studied by all possible marker pairs of all array markers in the QTLRs, using the same F6 QTLR genotypes and genotypes of the QTLR elements’ markers in the eight lines used in the MD mapping study. LRLD was defined as r2 ≥ 0.7 over a distance ≥ 1 Mb, and 1.5% of all syntenic marker pairs were classified as LRLD. Complex fragmented and interdigitated LD blocks were found, over distances ranging from a few hundred to a few million bases. Vast high, long-range, and complex LD was found between two of the MD QTLRs. Cross QTLRs STRING networks and gene interactions suggested possible origins of this exceptional QTLRs’ LD. Thus, causative mutations can be located at a much larger distance from a significant marker than previously appreciated. LRLD range and LD block complexity may be used to identify mapping errors, and should be accounted for while interpreting genetic mapping studies. All sites with high LD with a significant marker should be considered as candidate for the causative mutation.
EEG and behavioral correlates of attentional processing while walking and navigating naturalistic environments
Authors: Liebherr Magnus , Corcoran Andrew W. , Alday Phillip M. , Coussens Scott , Bellan Valeria , Howlett Caitlin A. , Immink Maarten A. , Kohler Mark , Schlesewsky Matthias , Bornkessel-Schlesewsky Ina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe capacity to regulate one’s attention in accordance with fluctuating task demands and environmental contexts is an essential feature of adaptive behavior. Although the electrophysiological correlates of attentional processing have been extensively studied in the laboratory, relatively little is known about the way they unfold under more variable, ecologically-valid conditions. Accordingly, this study employed a ‘real-world’ EEG design to investigate how attentional processing varies under increasing cognitive, motor, and environmental demands. Forty-four participants were exposed to an auditory oddball task while (1) sitting in a quiet room inside the lab, (2) walking around a sports field, and (3) wayfinding across a university campus. In each condition, participants were instructed to either count or ignore oddball stimuli. While behavioral performance was similar across the lab and field conditions, oddball count accuracy was significantly reduced in the campus condition. Moreover, event-related potential components (mismatch negativity and P3) elicited in both ‘real-world’ settings differed significantly from those obtained under laboratory conditions. These findings demonstrate the impact of environmental factors on attentional processing during simultaneously-performed motor and cognitive tasks, highlighting the value of incorporating dynamic and unpredictable contexts within naturalistic designs.