bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A scoping review of literature assessing the impact of the learning assistant model
Authors: Barrasso Anthony P. , Spilios Kathryn E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMuch of modern education reform is focused on implementation of evidenced-based teaching, but these techniques are sometimes met with trepidation from faculty, due to inexperience or lack of necessary resources. One near-peer teaching model designed to facilitate evidenced-based teaching in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics classrooms is the Learning Assistant (LA) model. Here, we describe the details of the LA model, present a scoping review of literature using the four original goals of the LA model as a framework, and suggest future areas of research that would deepen our understanding of the impact that the LA model may have on education. We summarize how the LA model improves student outcomes and teacher preparation and identify a relative deficiency of literature that addresses how the LA model impacts faculty and departmental/institutional change. Additionally, of the 39 papers reviewed, 11 are strictly pre-experimental study designs, 28 use quasi-experimental designs or a combination of quasi and pre-experimental, and none of them included a true experimental design. Thus, we conclude that current studies suggest that LA model positively impacts education, but more refined assessment would improve our understanding of the model. Furthermore, despite the encouraging research on the impact of the LA model and the proliferation of LA programs at institutions across the world, the study of the LA model has been, for the most part, limited to a small group of education researchers. Therefore, a major objective of this review is to introduce the LA model to a new group of instructors and researchers who can further our understanding of this promising model.
Mapping regional forest management units: a road-based framework in Southeastern Coastal Plain and Piedmont
Authors: Yang Di , Fu Chiung-Shiuan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractManagement practices are one of the most important factors affecting forest structure and function. Landowners in southern United States manage forests using appropriately sized areas, to meet management objectives that include economic return, sustainability, and esthetic enjoyment. Road networks spatially designate the socio-environmental elements for the forests, which represented and aggregated as forest management units. Road networks are widely used for managing forests by setting logging roads and firebreaks. We propose that common types of forest management are practiced in road-delineated units that can be determined by remote sensing satellite imagery coupled with crowd-sourced road network datasets. Satellite sensors do not always capture road-caused canopy openings, so it is difficult to delineate ecologically relevant units based only on satellite data. By integrating citizen-based road networks with the National Land Cover Database, we mapped road-delineated management units across the regional landscape and analyzed the size frequency distribution of management units. We found the road-delineated units smaller than 0.5 ha comprised 64% of the number of units, but only 0.98% of the total forest area. We also applied a statistical similarity test (Warren’s Index) to access the equivalency of road-delineated units with forest disturbances by simulating a serious of neutral landscapes. The outputs showed that the whole southeastern U.S. has the probability of road-delineated unit of 0.44 and production forests overlapped significantly with disturbance areas with an average probability of 0.50.
Seismic hazard microzonation of Bengkulu City, Indonesia
Authors: Mase Lindung Zalbuin , Sugianto Nanang , Refrizon  
Published: February 2021

AbstractIt has been known that Bengkulu City (Indonesia) is vulnerable to undergo seismic damage. This study is initiated by measuring horizontal to vertical spectral ratio (H/V) to sites in Bengkulu City using microtremor. The inversion analysis is performed to generate shear wave velocity profile. Hundreds of sites are investigated in this study. The results show that observedH/Vis consistent with the theoreticalH/V. National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program code is adopted to classify the site class. The results also exhibit that Bengkulu City is dominated by Site Classes C and D. In general, this study could lead local government to consider seismic hazard mitigation for spatial plan.
Biomaterial-based cell delivery strategies to promote liver regeneration
Authors: Ali Maqsood , Payne Samantha L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis is a widespread and untreatable condition that leads to lifelong impairment and eventual death. The scarcity of liver transplantation options requires the development of new strategies to attenuate disease progression and reestablish liver function by promoting regeneration. Biomaterials are becoming an increasingly promising option to both culture and deliver cells to support in vivo viability and long-term function. There is a wide variety of both natural and synthetic biomaterials that are becoming established as delivery vehicles with their own unique advantages and disadvantages for liver regeneration. We review the latest developments in cell transplantation strategies to promote liver regeneration, with a focus on the use of both natural and synthetic biomaterials for cell culture and delivery. We conclude that future work will need to refine the use of these biomaterials and combine them with novel strategies that recapitulate liver organization and function in order to translate this strategy to clinical use.
Developing a Canadian evaluation framework for patient and public engagement in research: study protocol
Authors: L’Espérance Audrey , O’Brien Nadia , Grégoire Alexandre , Abelson Julia , Canfield Carolyn , Del Grande Claudio , Dogba Maman Joyce , Fancott Carol , Levasseur Mary Anne , Loignon Christine , Majnemer Annette , Pomey Marie-Pascale , Rasiah Jananee , Salsberg Jon , Santana Maria , Tremblay Marie-Claude , Urquhart Robin , Boivin Antoine 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Patient and public engagement (PPE) in research is growing internationally, and with it, the interest for its evaluation. In Canada, the Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research has generated national momentum and opportunities for greater PPE in research and health-system transformation. As is the case with most countries, the Canadian research community lacks a common evaluation framework for PPE, thus limiting our capacity to ensure integrity between principles and practices, learn across projects, identify common areas for improvement, and assess the impacts of engagement.

Objective
This project aims to build a national adaptable framework for the evaluation of PPE in research, by:

Building consensus on common evaluation criteria and indicators for PPE in research;

Defining recommendations to implement and adapt the framework to specific populations.

Methods
Using a collaborative action-research approach, a national coalition of patient-oriented research leaders, (patient and community partners, engagement practitioners, researchers and health system leaders) will co-design the evaluation framework. We will develop core evaluation domains of the logic model by conducting a series of virtual consensus meetings using a nominal group technique with 50 patient partners and engagement practitioners, identified through 18 national research organizations. We will then conduct two Delphi rounds to prioritize process and impact indicators with 200 participants purposely recruited to include respondents from seldom-heard groups. Six expert working groups will define recommendations to implement and adapt the framework to research with specific populations, including Indigenous communities, immigrants, people with intellectual and physical disabilities, caregivers, and people with low literacy. Each step of framework development will be guided by an equity, diversity and inclusion approach in an effort to ensure that the participants engaged, the content produced, and the adaptation strategies proposed are relevant to diverse PPE.

Discussion
The potential contributions of this project are threefold: 1) support a national learning environment for engagement by offering a common blueprint for collaborative evaluation to the Canadian research community; 2) inform the international research community on potential (virtual) methodologies to build national consensus on common engagement evaluation frameworks; and 3) illustrate a shared attempt to engage patients and researchers in a strategic national initiative to strengthen evaluation capacity for PPE.
Malawian children with fast-breathing pneumonia with and without comorbidities
Authors: Ginsburg Amy Sarah , Mvalo Tisungane , Hwang Jun , Phiri Melda , McCollum Eric D. , Maliwichi Madalitso , Schmicker Robert , Phiri Ajib , Lufesi Norman , May Susanne 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Due to high risk of mortality, children with comorbidities are typically excluded from trials evaluating pneumonia treatment. Understanding heterogeneity of outcomes among children with pneumonia and comorbidities is critical to ensuring appropriate treatment.

Methods
We explored whether the percentage of children with fast-breathing pneumonia cured at Day 14 was lower among those with selected comorbidities enrolled in a prospective observational study than among those enrolled in a concurrent randomized controlled trial evaluating treatment with amoxicillin in Lilongwe, Malawi.

Results
Among 79 children with fast-breathing pneumonia in the prospective observational cohort, 57 (72.2%) had HIV infection/exposure, 20 (25.3%) had malaria, 2 (2.5%) had severe acute malnutrition, and 17 (21.5%) had anemia. Treatment failure rate was slightly (not significantly) lower in children with comorbidities (4.1%, 3/73) compared to those without comorbidities (4.5%, 25/552) similarly treated. There was no significant difference in clinical cure rates by Day 14 (95.8% with vs 96.7% without comorbidity).

Conclusions
Children with fast-breathing pneumonia excluded from a concurrent clinical trial due to comorbidities did not fare worse. Children at higher risk whose caregivers seek care early and who receive appropriate risk assessment (e.g., pulse oximetry, hemoglobin, HIV/malaria testing) and treatment, can achieve clinical cure by Day 14.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.govNCT02960919; registered November 8, 2016.
High neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts early neurological deterioration in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage patients
Authors: Mohamed Wafaa S. , Kamel Amr E. , Abdelwahab Ahmed H. , Mahdy Mohamed E. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is caused by bleeding, primarily into parenchymal brain tissue, and accounts for 9 to 27% of all strokes worldwide. Higher neutrophils, lower lymphocytes, and higher neutrophil-to-lymphocytes ratio (NLR) values predict worse outcomes after spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and could aid in the risk stratification of patients.

Methods
Eighty patients with sICH within the first 24 h of stroke onset and admitted into the neurology intensive care unit of an Egyptian university hospital and were assessed by GCS for consciousness level and NIHSS for stroke severity assessment, complete blood count, and special attention to NLR. Patients were reevaluated by GCS and NIHSS on the 7th day of the stroke. Early neurological deterioration (END) was defined as four points or a greater increase in the NIHSS score or two points or a greater decrease in GCS or death.

Results
END was recorded in 21.25% of patients while non-END was recorded in 78.75%. END was highly significantly associated with a low grade of GCS, high grade of NIHSS, elevated absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), and elevated NLR. Lower GCS score, higher NIHSS score, larger hematoma volume, and higher NLR values were independent predictors for END. The best cutoff of NLR in END prediction was > 9.1.

Conclusion
NLR is a trustworthy early predictor of sICH outcome.
The effect of pyrolysis temperature and feedstock on date palm waste derived biochar to remove single and multi-metals in aqueous solutions
Authors: Sizirici Banu , Fseha Yohanna Haile , Yildiz Ibrahim , Delclos Thomas , Khaleel Abbas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, leaf and frond date palm waste as feedstock was used to derive biochars. The effects of pyrolysis temperatures on their physical and chemical properties, and their capacity to remove copper, iron, nickel and zinc from single and multi-metal solutions at various pH values were investigated. Analytical and spectroscopic techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur elemental analysis, Brunauer Emmett Teller analysis were conducted for characterization. The pore volume, surface area, pH, and total carbon content of date palm leaf and frond biochar increased while functional groups and hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen content of biochar decreased with increasing pyrolysis temperature compared to feedstock. The removal efficiencies and sorption capacity for single and mixed metal ions were found between 98 and close to 100% and 2.4 and 3.0 mg g− 1 by leaf and frond biochar samples at pH > 6, respectively. Biochar obtained from different feedstock at different pyrolysis temperature did not show any statistically significant improvements on the removal of single or mixed metals from aqueous solutions. The date palm leaf or frond biochar obtained at low pyrolysis temperature is as effective to remove metals as the ones obtained at high pyrolysis temperatures. Therefore, to consume less energy to produce biochar at lower temperature which exhibits same effective removal efficiency will be a win-win solution in terms of sustainability and economy. As a result, date palm waste biochar can be effectively used to remove metals in water and wastewater.
Longitudinal damage of cable-stayed bridges subjected to near-fault ground motion pulses
Authors: Yi Jiang , Yu De’en 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper investigated the nonlinear seismic performance of an existing cable-stayed bridge longitudinally subjected to a set of simulated near-fault ground motion pulses. An elaborated non-linear finite element model of the bridge was established which particularly considered cable sag effect, material nonlinearity of the tower and the deck. Through non-linear dynamic response analyses, seismic responses of the tower, deck and cables were evaluated at the yield and ultimate state of the structure. In particular, the yield and ultimate state of the structure were defined in the text based on damage levels of the structure and structural integrity requirement. It is revealed that the pulse period (Tp), by determining the relative contribution of multiple modes of the structure, strongly affected the damage process of the structure. AsTpwas close to the period of first vertical vibration of the deck, the responses of the deck and cables were largely excited so that the deck might yield prior to yield of the tower, the cables failed prior to the ultimate state of the tower, and the deck suffered most of the damage despite of the yielding of the tower.
Neural effects of antidepressant medication and psychological treatments: a quantitative synthesis across three meta-analyses
Authors: Nord Camilla L. , Barrett Lisa Feldman , Lindquist Kristen A. , Ma Yina , Marwood Lindsey , Satpute Ajay B. , Dalgleish Tim 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundInfluential theories predict that antidepressant medication and psychological therapies evoke distinct neural changes.AimsTo test the convergence and divergence of antidepressant- and psychotherapy-evoked neural changes, and their overlap with the brain's affect network.MethodWe employed a quantitative synthesis of three meta-analyses (n = 4206). First, we assessed the common and distinct neural changes evoked by antidepressant medication and psychotherapy, by contrasting two comparable meta-analyses reporting the neural effects of these treatments. Both meta-analyses included patients with affective disorders, including major depressive disorder, generalised anxiety disorder and panic disorder. The majority were assessed using negative-valence tasks during neuroimaging. Next, we assessed whether the neural changes evoked by antidepressants and psychotherapy overlapped with the brain's affect network, using data from a third meta-analysis of affect-based neural activation.ResultsNeural changes from psychotherapy and antidepressant medication did not significantly converge on any region. Antidepressants evoked neural changes in the amygdala, whereas psychotherapy evoked anatomically distinct changes in the medial prefrontal cortex. Both psychotherapy- and antidepressant-related changes separately converged on regions of the affect network.ConclusionsThis supports the notion of treatment-specific brain effects of antidepressants and psychotherapy. Both treatments induce changes in the affect network, but our results suggest that their effects on affect processing occur via distinct proximal neurocognitive mechanisms of action.
Longitudinal Investigation of Pubertal Milestones and Hormones as a Function of Body Fat in Girls
Authors: Ortega Madison T , McGrath John A , Carlson Lauren , Flores Poccia Vanessa , Larson Gary , Douglas Christian , Sun Bob Z , Zhao Shanshan , Beery Breana , Vesper Hubert W , Duke Lumi , Botelho Julianne C , Filie Armando C , Shaw Natalie D 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Context
Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that overweight/obese girls (OW/OB) undergo thelarche and menarche earlier than normal weight girls (NW). There have been no longitudinal studies to specifically investigate how body weight/fat affects both clinical and biochemical pubertal markers in girls.

Objective
To investigate the effect of total body fat on reproductive hormones and on the maturation of estrogen-sensitive tissues during puberty in girls.

Methods
Ninety girls (36 OW/OB, 54 NW), aged 8.2 to 14.7 years, completed 2.8 ± 1.7 study visits over 4 years. Visits included dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry to calculate total body fat (TBF), Tanner staging, breast ultrasound for morphological staging (BMORPH; A-E), pelvic ultrasound, hormone tests, and assessment of menarchal status. The effect of TBF on pubertal markers was determined using a mixed, multistate, or Cox proportional hazards model, controlling for baseline BMORPH.

Results
NW were older than OW/OB (11.3 vs 10.2 years, P &lt; .01) at baseline and had more advanced BMORPH (P &lt; .01). Luteinizing hormone, estradiol, and ovarian and uterine volumes increased with time with no effect of TBF. There was a time × TBF interaction for follicle-stimulating hormone, inhibin B, estrone, total and free testosterone, and androstenedione: Levels were initially similar, but after 1 year, levels increased in girls with higher TBF, plateaued in girls with midrange TBF, and decreased in girls with lower TBF. Girls with higher TBF progressed through BMORPH stage D more slowly but achieved menarche earlier than girls with lower TBF.

Conclusion
In late puberty, girls with higher TBF demonstrate differences in standard hormonal and clinical markers of puberty. Investigation of the underlying causes and clinical consequences of these differences in girls with higher TBF deserves further study.
Dual Oxidase System Genes Defects in Children With Congenital Hypothyroidism
Authors: Wang Fengqi , Xiaole Li , Ma Ruixin , Zhao Dehua , Liu Shiguo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Purpose
The objectives of this study were to analyze the distribution of dual oxidase (DUOX) system genes (containing DUOX2, DUOX1, DUOXA2, and DUOXA1) variants in children with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and their phenotypes.

Methods
Target region sequencing technology was performed on DUOX system genes among 606 CH subjects covering all the exon and intron regions. Detailed clinical data were collected for statistical analysis.

Results
A total of 95 suspected pathogenic variants were detected in the DUOX system genes, showing a 39.11% rate in variant carrying (237/606). DUOX2 had the highest rate in this study. There were statistical differences in maximum adjusted dose and current dose of levothyroxine between the DUOX system genes nonmutated group with the mutated group (both Ps &lt; 0.001). The cases in the DUOX system genes mutated group were more likely to develop into transient CH (χ 2 = 23.155, P &lt; 0.001) and more likely to manifested as goiter or gland-in-situ (χ 2 = 66.139, P &lt; 0.001). In addition, there was no significant difference in clinical characteristics between DUOX system genes monoallelic and non-monoallelic. Although 20% of the variants affected the functional domain regions (EF hand, flavin adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide binding sites), there was no significant effect on the phenotype severity whether the variation is located in the functional domain regions.

Conclusions
Our results showed the high variation rate of DUOX2 in the DUOX system genes among Chinese CH patients. The complex genotype-phenotype relationship of DUOX system genes broadened the understanding of CH phenotype spectrum.
Corroboration of Height Velocity Prediction Markers for rhGH With an Oral GH Secretagogue Treatment in Children With GHD
Authors: Blum Werner F , Bright George M , Do Minh-Ha T , McKew John C , Chen Haiying , Thorner Michael O 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Context
Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) is approved for treatment of pediatric growth hormone deficiency (GHD), with greatest growth responses observed in those with severe GHD. Orally administered GH secretagogues (GHS) may be useful treatment in patients with moderate GHD. Distinguishing children with severe vs moderate GHD could identify children who would be better treated with rhGH or GHS.

Objectives
Evaluate baseline insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and stimulated peak GH response as predictors of 12-month height velocity (HV) in children with GHD.

Design
Data on children with GHD were analyzed in a legacy data base (GeNeSIS data).

Participants
514 naïve to rhGH-treatment, prepubertal children with idiopathic isolated GHD for whom stimulated GH, baseline serum IGF-I, and first-year HV during rhGH treatment data are available.

Outcome Measures
Children with severe or moderate GHD were categorized based on GH and IGF-I data and evaluated based on baseline auxologic and hormone profiles and first-year growth response to rhGH.

Results
Cohorts of severe and moderate GHD were 81/514 (15.8%) and 433/514 (84.2%). Cohorts differed significantly with regard to indicators of GHD [eg, baseline height SD score (SDS), height SDS minus target height SDS, HV, HV SDS, and change in height SDS during rhGH treatment]. Multiple regression analysis showed IGF-I and stimulated GH were significant predictors of HV independent of other known variables. Expected first-year HV in moderate GHD was 8.3 cm/y.

Conclusions
The combination of peak GH to GH stimulation testing and baseline IGF-I concentration are predictive enrichment markers for annualized HV responses to rhGH therapy.