bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Service Delivery for voluntary, community and social enterprise organisations working with adults with learning disabilities and/or autism: a realist review protocol
Authors: Varley Danielle , Southby Kris , Trigwell Joanne , Brown Sally SJ , Lines Nicola , Hearn Amy , Bagnall Anne-Marie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Delivery of health and care services using a combination of remote and/or in-person channels and digital and/or traditional tools (Hybrid Service Delivery, HSD) is increasingly seen as a way of improving quality and affordability, improving access, personalisation and sustainability, and reducing inequalities. Across the voluntary, community and social enterprise sector (VCSE), using a combination of remote and/or in-person channels and digital and/or traditional tools (HSD) has enabled the essential provision of services for people who have learning disabilities and/or autistic (LDA). However, it is unclear how different tools and channels have been used, what worked well or not well, for whom, and in what circumstances. The aim of this realist review is to explore how VCSE organisations can effectively use digital technologies alongside or instead of in-person activity to provide social care services to adults with learning disabilities and/or autism.
This review protocol is presented in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol (PRISMA-P).

Methods
We will conduct a participatory realist review. Following realist review methodology, and involving people with LDA and organisations who deliver services to them, we will define the scope of the review/theory development, search for and appraise evidence, extract and synthesise findings, and develop the narrative. Using a developed strategy, electronic databases (Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, SCOPUS, Social Science Citation Index and Social Policy and Practice) will be searched. A data extraction table will be used to assist in sifting, sorting and organising relevant information from identified studies. For each proposition statement, relevant data from the identified literature will be synthesised and compared with the proposed theory to develop an understanding of how, why and when hybrid delivery works in different settings with different populations.

Discussion
This review aims to collate and synthesise evidence relating to hybrid service delivery in VCSE organisations to provide social care services to LDA adults. By conducting a participatory realist review, we anticipate that the findings will lead to a greater understanding of contextual factors and therefore more relevant recommendations.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42024457161.
Prediction and parametric assessment of soil one-dimensional vertical free swelling potential using ensemble machine learning models
Authors: Habib Maan , Habib Ahed , Alibrahim Bashar 
Published: December 2024

AbstractInvestigating soil swelling potential is indeed a critical research area in geotechnical engineering, given its significant influence on the stability and longevity of civil structures. This study aims to predict and assess the one-dimensional vertical free swelling potential of soils using ensemble machine learning models. Within the study context, a large dataset encompassing a wide array of soil parameters from 210 soil samples, including moisture content, unit weight, plasticity, and clay content, will be used. These parameters are critical in understanding the swelling behavior of soils under varying environmental and load conditions. The novel approach of this research lies in the application of ensemble machine learning techniques, which offer a robust framework to analyze complex, nonlinear relationships within soil properties. Another key aspect of this research is the parametric assessment, where the influence of individual soil properties on swelling potential is investigated using feature importance and partial dependence analyses. These analyses provide valuable insights into the relative importance of different soil parameters on soil behavior. The outcomes of this study contribute to soil mechanics and machine learning applications in geotechnical engineering and offer practical implications for engineers and practitioners. Besides, the predictive models developed in this study aid in more informed decision-making in the design and construction of civil structures, particularly in swelling-prone areas.
Intraplate seismic mechanisms in the Zhangjiakou-Bohai Seismic Belt: insights from magnetotelluric data
Authors: Zhang Yuyang , Jin Sheng , Ye Gaofeng , Zhang Haijiang , Wei Wenbo , Dong Hao , Gao Ji 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Zhangjiakou-Bohai Seismic Belt (ZBSB) is a crucial intraplate seismic belt in Eastern China, covering densely populated and economically developed regions with significant seismic hazards. A refined model is essential to investigate the intraplate seismic mechanism here. We obtained the three-dimensional resistivity model based on magnetotelluric array data covering the central segment of the ZBSB. The model shows a thick high-resistivity body within the Sanhe-Pinggu seismogenic zone and a widespread low-resistivity anomaly in the mid-lower crust east of the Xiadian fault. Moreover, the Tangshan seismogenic zone exhibits a highly resistive layer in the mid-upper crust and a high-conductivity anomaly from the lower crust to the upper mantle west of the Tangshan fault. The ZBSB is primarily affected by mantle thermal material migration from the west and mantle material upwelling in the central segment of the ZBSB. In the central-western sections, the horizontal eastward push, caused by the migration of mantle thermal material from the west, accumulates stress within the rigid blocks in the Sanhe-Pinggu seismogenic zone, leading to strike-slip and rupture along the Xiadian fault. The ductile mid-lower crust on the east side of the Xiadian fault unloads stress from the rigid body, hindering eastward stress transmission. In the central-eastern segments, seismic events are mainly triggered by mantle-derived material upwelling. The NE horizontal stress exerted on the rigid body of the Tangshan seismogenic zone, resulting in strike-slip and rupture along the brittle Tangshan fault, leading to earthquakes.
Graphical Abstract
Framework and overview of the Pediatric Spinal Muscular Atrophy Registry Program of Iran
Authors: Babaee Marzieh , Vahidi Ara Sara , Vahidi Hossein , Jafari Narjes , Zeinali Vahide , Farahbakhsh Nazanin , Sadr Saeed , Khanbabaee Ghamartaj , Tabatabaii Seyed Ahmad , Ahamdabadi Farzad , Miryounesi Mohammad , Hashemi Nazari Seyed Saeed , Rayegani Seyed Mansoor , Taghdiri Mohammad Mahdi , Karimzadeh Parvaneh , Nasehi Mohammad Mehdi , Boland Nazar Najmeh Sadat 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
The Pediatric Spinal Muscular Atrophy Registry Program of Iran (PSMAIR) was established as part of the global TREAT-NMD network, which collects data from spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients under 18 years of age in Iran. The registry employs a web-based data entry system to collect detailed longitudinal demographic, geographic, clinical, genetic, and treatment outcome data of Iranian children who suffer from SMA.

Results
From October 2021 to September 2022, 59 SMA patients were enrolled; 52.5% were female, 47.5% were male, and the average age was 4.98 ± 4.08 years. The majority of registered patients were diagnosed with SMA Type I (47%), followed by Type II (29%) and Type III (24%). Overall, about 19% of the registered patients died; all of them were Type I patients. In the registry, 44% of patients had been hospitalized previously. Usage rates for wheelchairs or other mobility assistive devices, occurrence of scoliosis, tube feeding, and mechanical ventilation among these patients were 15%, 15%, 19%, and 20%, respectively. The data reveal a gradient of severity across SMA types, with earlier symptom onset, lower CMAP amplitude, and lower ACTIVLIM scores associated with more severe SMA (type I), and increments observed moving towards milder forms (type III). The data reveal that symptom onset age, CMAP amplitude, and ACTIVLIM scores progressively increase from SMA type I to SMA type III. The CHOP-INTEND questionnaire's average score was notably higher in children with SMA type II compared to those with type I, while the HFMSE questionnaire scores were notably increased in type III compared to type II patients. A significant correlation between the SMN2 copy number and the SMA phenotype was observed in the population. The geographic distribution of the enrolled patients covers 15 and 18 (out of the 31) provinces of Iran for place of birth and current place of residence, respectively. For patients residing outside Tehran city (where the registry’s referral center is located), the average distance to the registry’s referral center was roughly 463 km.

Conclusions
The PSMAIR offers an important step toward understanding the characteristics of Iranian pediatric SMA patients. The outcome of PSMAIR facilitates data-driven planning and decision-making for Iranian pediatric SMA patients and can help in the advancement of SMA care standards, management, and therapies.
Lung transplantation for diffuse pulmonary arteriovenous malformations associated with juvenile polyposis–hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia overlap syndrome: a case report
Authors: Ryo Taiki , Nakajima Daisuke , Kimura Satoshi , Date Hiroshi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Lung transplantation is a viable lifesaving option for patients with diffuse pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). We present a case of diffuse pulmonary AVMs associated with juvenile polyposis and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (JP-HHT) that was successfully managed by lung transplantation.

Case presentation
A 19-year-old woman developed severe hypoxemia due to pulmonary AVMs diagnosed at 4 years of age. She also had epistaxis, hemangioma of the tongue, and numerous polyps in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to the JP-HHT diagnosis. Although she had undergone transcatheter embolization for pulmonary AVMs four times, all lesions became recanalized, and her hypoxemia never improved. She also had hepatic AVMs that did not result in portal hypertension or required any interventions. She underwent bilateral lung transplantation from a brain-dead donor at 3 years after registration. Given that she had severe hypoxemia caused by intrapulmonary shunting, venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) support was initiated from the femoral vessels under local anesthesia. Then, she was anesthetized and intubated. Peripheral V-A ECMO was switched to central cardiopulmonary bypass during the transplant procedure to prevent persistent hypoxia of the upper body and thromboembolic event due to severe polycythemia. The total graft ischemic time was > 11 h, which resulted in ischemia–reperfusion injury immediately after transplantation. Furthermore, the patient’s postoperative course was complicated by acute cellular rejection and right heart failure due to hepatic AVM progression. She was finally discharged home without oxygen therapy on postoperative day 68. At 1-year post-transplantation, she is currently enjoying college life. However, she still has to undergo periodic endoscopic examinations to monitor her numerous polyps, which are known to carry a risk of cancer development.

Conclusions
Lung transplantation can be a viable treatment option for diffuse pulmonary AVMs in patients with JP-HHT. However, meticulous perioperative management is mandatory to prevent the development of multiple organ disorders.
Peripheral Heart Action Training for Fitness and Health
Authors: Mang Zachary A. , Kravitz Len 
Published: December 2024

Apply It!
• Training programs that combine aerobic exercise and resistance exercise have more profound health benefits than either modality alone.
• Hybrid training programs, such as circuit weight training, combine aerobic and resistance exercise in time-efficient sessions.
• Peripheral heart action training is a simple application of circuit weight training that may improve aerobic fitness, body composition, blood pressure, heart rate variability, and muscular strength.
A Non-Invasive Window into Cellular Health
Authors: Lafontant Kworweinski , Sterner Danielle A. , Fukuda David H. , Stout Jeffrey R. 
Published: December 2024

Apply It!
From this article, the reader should:
• Gain a better understanding of what phase angle and impedance ratio are.
• Be able to track their clients' changes in cellular health from exercise training.
• Become familiar with best practices for using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA).
All Exercise Should be Gender Inclusive
Authors: Adams Melanie 
Published: December 2024

Apply It!
• Practice using nonbinary language; “folks” instead of “guys” and introducing yourself using your pronouns.
• Instead of giving fitness test results from male and female norms, use the raw scores, loads, and reps to show progress.
• Focus on individualized function over body image. Do not “gender” movements, activities, or equipment. For example, call barbells by their weights rather “women's” or “men's” (33/45 lb).
• Ask what the client needs to feel safe and be willing to try it.
Randomized controlled trial on the treatment of Hypoferritinemia without Anemia: Comparing oral and intravenous iron supplementation among reproductive age women in Pakistan
Authors: Akram Shehla , Akhtar Abdul Majeed , Zakar Rubeena 
Published: December 2024

Background & Objectives: Hypoferritinemia without anemia (HWA) is an under-recognized public health concern. Early identification and targeted treatment of HWA can prevent unnecessary medication use and potential drug abuse. This study aims to establish clearer guidelines for recognizing and managing HWA, improving patient’s outcome. The study objectives will be to compare the treatment efficacy of oral and IV iron on patients with HWA and to check the severity of clinical indicators of HWA post treatment among reproductive age women.
Methods: We will choose a multicenter, multi-arm randomized controlled trial with a parallel assignment interventional model. About three hundred participants (n=300) aged 18-45 with hypoferritinemia without anemia and no comorbidities will be recruited. Participants will be randomized into three groups of one hundred each: Group-A will receive oral iron supplements (Iron III Hydroxide Polymaltose Complex, 100 mg elemental iron) one tablet per day for three months; Group-B will receive intravenous iron (Ferric carboxymaltose, one dose per month for three months); Group-C will receive no treatment. All groups will be followed for four months.
Conclusion: The primary outcome will be the change in serum ferritin levels among groups at four months post-intervention. Secondary outcomes will include changes in clinical symptoms post-intervention. Data will be analyzed by using independent t-tests for between-group ferritin levels, paired t-tests for within-group comparisons, Wilcoxon Rank and Friedman tests for clinical symptoms, and ANOVA for comparisons across multiple groups.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.1.11083
How to cite this: Akram S, Akhtar AM, Zakar R. Randomized controlled trial on the treatment of Hypoferritinemia without Anemia: Comparing oral and intravenous iron supplementation among reproductive age women in Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2025;41(1):286-294. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.1.11083
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Influence of early rehabilitation nursing on postoperative rehabilitation of patients with hallux valgus based on information-motivation-behavior skills model
Authors: Yu Shuting , Yang Yiqin , Su Hui , Zhou Ling , Zhou Jin 
Published: December 2024

Objective: To probe the influence of early rehabilitation nursing on postoperative rehabilitation of patients with hallux valgus on the basis of information-motivation-behavior skills (IMB) model.
Methods: Convenience sampling was adopted, and 80 patients with hallux valgus admitted to the Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University from July 2020 to July 2022 were randomly separated into control group (CG) and observation group (OG) with 40 patients in each group according to the time of admission. Patients in the CG received routine nursing and rehabilitation guidance and follow-up. Patients in the OG were given rehabilitation guidance and follow-up based on IMB model. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Association Scoring System (AOFAS) scores, Self-efficacy for Rehabilitation Out-come Scale (SER) scores, The Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) scores, quality of Life scores, incidence of complications as well as nursing satisfaction in both groups were compared.
Results: After receiving usual nursing and rehabilitation guidance in each group, AOFAS scores, SER scores, quality of life scores and nursing satisfaction in the OG were elevated compared to the CG (P<0.05), SAS and SDS scores, and the incidence of complications in the OG were lessened compared to the CG (P<0.05).
Conclusion: To sum up, Early rehabilitation nursing based on IMB model could promote the postoperative recovery of limb function after hallux valgus, reduce bad emotions, decrease the occurrence of complications, promote self-efficacy, and promote the quality of life of patients, which is valuable for promotion.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.1.9791
How to cite this: Yu S, Yang Y, Su H, Zhou L, Zhou J. Influence of early rehabilitation nursing on postoperative rehabilitation of patients with hallux valgus based on information-motivation-behavior skills model. Pak J Med Sci. 2025;41(1):235-241. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.1.9791
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Layout Optimization for a Large-Scale Grid-Connected Solar Power Plant
Authors: Wang Chong , Wu Qinghua , Pan Kai , Shen Zuo-Jun Max 
Published: December 2024

A solar power plant provides green electricity to the public via a power grid. As governments worldwide have pledged to reduce carbon emissions and achieve carbon neutrality, large-scale grid-connected solar power plants are booming. Developing such a plant requires significant investment, a large proportion of which covers construction costs. Such costs, together with the energy yield, critically depend on the plant’s layout. The layout planning of a solar power plant involves a series of complex optimization problems such as district partitioning, photovoltaic (PV) component location, and cable routing problems in a solar power plant. These problems have received limited attention in the literature and are highly challenging because they involve large-scale instances, complex design principles, and complicated physical constraints. Motivated by our collaborative projects with an electrical engineering company in China, this paper specifically focuses on the integrated location and routing (ILR) problem, which involves locating service ways, inverters, combiner boxes, and routing cables to connect them. We develop exact algorithms to effectively solve the ILR problem via a decomposition framework (leading to a variant of Benders decomposition (BD)), which is proven to produce an optimal solution. We also develop an exact branch-and-cut scheme to solve each subproblem in the decomposition framework by incorporating cutting planes and separation algorithms. Our solution approach is evaluated on 50 real-world data instances via extensive numerical experiments. Compared with the manual method based on greedy heuristics used in practice, our approach reduces the total cost by approximately 20%. Our decomposition method also achieves an average gap of 0.02% between the obtained lower and upper bounds, significantly smaller than the 16.08% gap achieved with the traditional BD. History: Accepted by Alice E. Smith and David Alderson, Area Editors for Network Optimization: Algorithms & Applications. Funding: This work was partially supported by the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong [Grant 15501221], the National Natural Science Foundation Program of China [Grants 72122006, 72471100, and 72131008], Huazhong University of Science and Technology Double First-Class Funds for Humanities and Social Sciences (Digital Intelligence Decision Optimization Innovation Team), the Interdisciplinary Research Program of HUST [Grant 5003300129], and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [Grant 2023WKFZZX101]. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2023.0223 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2023.0223 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
Evaluation of Sepsis Severity Using Combined High-Density Lipoprotein and Red Cell Distribution Width Indicators
Authors: Gao Yan , Chen Yao , Gao Li 
Published: December 2024

Aims/Background Sepsis is a life-threatening condition resulting from dysregulated immune responses to infection, leading to organ dysfunction. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) and red cell distribution width (RDW) have shown significant correlations with sepsis severity, yet the combined prognostic value of HDL and RDW in evaluating sepsis severity and outcomes remains unclear. This study examines the relationship between HDL and RDW levels and sepsis severity, as well as evaluates the combined utility of these markers in predicting disease severity and patient outcomes. Methods This retrospective study included 103 patients diagnosed with sepsis. Clinical data, including HDL and RDW levels, were collected for analysis. Patients were divided into shock and non-shock groups based on the presence of septic shock and into survival and death groups based on 30-day in-hospital mortality. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors influencing sepsis severity and prognosis, while the predictive value of HDL in combination with RDW was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results Multivariate analysis identified sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score (OR = 6.566), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (OR = 2.568), HDL (OR = 0.864), and RDW (OR = 4.052) as independent predictors of sepsis severity (p < 0.05 for all). ROC analysis demonstrated that HDL combined with RDW yielded the highest diagnostic accuracy for sepsis severity, with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.962, sensitivity of 97.56%, and specificity of 91.94%. Additionally, SOFA score (OR = 2.354), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (OR = 1.446), HDL (OR = 0.870), and RDW (OR = 3.502) were independent prognostic indicators (p < 0.05 for all). ROC analysis for prognosis showed that HDL combined with RDW had the highest predictive efficacy for the prognosis of sepsis, with an AUC of 0.922, sensitivity of 79.31%, and specificity of 93.24%. Conclusion The combination of HDL and RDW is a robust indicator for the evaluation of sepsis severity and is a valuable prognostic tool for assessing 30-day mortality risk in sepsis patients.