bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The inhibitory effects of different types of Brassica seed meals on the virulence of Ralstonia solanacearum
Authors: Peng Junwei , Liu Hong , Shen Minchong , Chen Ruihuan , Li Jiangang , Dong Yuanhua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDUnderstanding the specific inhibitory effects of different Brassica seed meals (BSMs) on soilborne pathogens is important for their application as biocontrol agents for controlling plant disease. In this study, the seed meals of Brassica napus L. (BnSM), Brassica campestris L. (BcSM), and Brassica juncea L. (BjSM), and the combined seed meal of BcSM and BjSM (CSM, 1:1), were selected for investigation. The inhibitory effects of these seed meals on the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) and tomato bacterial wilt, were assessed and compared.RESULTSAll the BSMs significantly inhibited the growth of R. solanacearum in vitro. Furthermore, the BSMs could effectively suppress R. solanacearum virulence traits, including motility, exopolysaccharide production, dehydrogenase activity, virulence‐related gene expression, and colonization in the soil. Among them, BjSM showed the best inhibiting effects, and CSM displayed synergic toxicity against R. solanacearum. In addition, the predominant antibacterial compounds in BcSM and BjSM were identified as the volatile compounds, 3‐butenyl isothiocyanate and allyl isothiocyanate, respectively. Finally, pot experiment verified that the control effects of BjSM and CSM on tomato wilt reached more than 90%.CONCLUSIONThis is the first study to report on the ability of different kinds of BSMs to suppress the virulence of R. solanacearum and biocontrol efficiencies against bacterial wilt in tomato plants. Furtherly, the main antibacterial compounds in the BSMs were identified. The results demonstrated that CSM may possess potential for controlling bacterial wilt caused by R. solanacearum. The results provide a fresh perspective for comprehending the mechanism underlying BSM suppression of pathogens and plant disease.
Lagged ensembles in sub‐seasonal predictions
Authors: Vitart Frédéric , Takaya Yuhei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe benefits of using lagged ensembles for S2S predictions have been evaluated using the ECMWF sub‐seasonal to seasonal (S2S) forecasts. The ECMWF S2S forecasts are currently produced twice a week from a 51‐member ensemble. An experiment where the ECMWF forecasts are produced daily instead of twice weekly has been performed to identify the minimum lagged‐ensemble configuration which will produce probabilistic forecasts at least as skilful as the current configuration. Results suggest that the extended‐range prediction of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) is not deteriorated with the daily lagged ensemble approach, but there is a slight degradation during the first 10 days. In the northern Extratropics, the probabilistic skill scores are improved after week 2 when using lagged ensembles, but only if the daily ensemble size exceeds 20 members. The lagged ensemble approach is more beneficial in the Tropics than in the northern Extratropics, showing even benefits in forecast week 1 over the Tropics, despite the 24 hr difference between two consecutive forecasts. As expected, the daily lagged ensemble method is more beneficial for longer lead times and the optimal lagged ensemble window increases from 2 days for week 2 to 4 days for week 4. An idealized numerical simulation, based on a Monte Carlo approach, confirms the benefits of lagged ensembles. The results obtained are generally consistent with the ECMWF forecast experiment, suggesting that such a simulation could be used as a cheap alternative to address the benefit of lagged versus burst ensembles.
Effect of docosahexaenoic acid on in vitro growth of bovine oocytes
Authors: Nagata Shuta , Tatematsu Kaoru , Yamaguchi Hitoki , Inoue Yuki , Tanaka Keisuke , Tasaki Hidetaka , Shirasuna Koumei , Iwata Hisataka 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeThe present study investigated the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the growth of bovine oocytes.MethodsOocytes and granulosa cell complexes (OGCs) were collected from early antral follicles (0.4‐0.7 mm) on the surface of ovaries harvested from a slaughterhouse. The OGCs were cultured with 0, 1, and 10 μmol/L docosahexanoic acid (DHA) for 16 days.ResultsAntrum formation of the OGCs and the number of granulosa cells (GCs) surrounding the oocytes were comparable among groups, whereas supplementation of 0.1 μmol/L of DHA significantly improved oocyte growth. Oocytes grown with DHA had a higher fertilization rate, acetylation levels of H4K12, and ATP contents, as well as a lower lipid content compared with those grown without DHA. In addition, GCs surrounding OGCs grown with DHA had low lipid content compared with vehicle counterparts. Furthermore, when GCs were cultured in vitro, DHA increased ATP production, mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduced lipid content and levels of reactive oxygen species. RNA‐seq of GCs revealed that DHA increased CPT1A expression levels and affect genes associated with focal adhesion, oxidative phosphorylation, and PI3K‐AKT etcConclusionThe results suggest that DHA supplementation affects granulosa cell characteristics and supports oocyte growth in vitro.
Random cographs: Brownian graphon limit and asymptotic degree distribution
Authors: Bassino Frédérique , Bouvel Mathilde , Féray Valentin , Gerin Lucas , Maazoun Mickaël , Pierrot Adeline 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe consider uniform random cographs (either labeled or unlabeled) of large size. Our first main result is the convergence toward a Brownian limiting object in the space of graphons. We then show that the degree of a uniform random vertex in a uniform cograph is of order n, and converges after normalization to the Lebesgue measure on . We finally analyze the vertex connectivity (i.e., the minimal number of vertices whose removal disconnects the graph) of random connected cographs, and show that this statistics converges in distribution without renormalization. Unlike for the graphon limit and for the degree of a random vertex, the limiting distribution of the vertex connectivity is different in the labeled and unlabeled settings. Our proofs rely on the classical encoding of cographs via cotrees. We then use mainly combinatorial arguments, including the symbolic method and singularity analysis.
Uniform chain decompositions and applications
Authors: Sudakov Benny , Tomon István , Wagner Adam Zsolt 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Boolean lattice is the family of all subsets of ordered by inclusion, and a chain is a family of pairwise comparable elements of . Let , which is the average size of a chain in a minimal chain decomposition of . We prove that can be partitioned into chains such that all but at most proportion of the chains have size . This asymptotically proves a conjecture of Füredi from 1985. Our proof is based on probabilistic arguments. To analyze our random partition we develop a weighted variant of the graph container method. Using this result, we also answer a Kalai‐type question raised recently by Das, Lamaison, and Tran. What is the minimum number of forbidden comparable pairs forcing that the largest subfamily of not containing any of them has size at most ? We show that the answer is . Finally, we discuss how these uniform chain decompositions can be used to optimize and simplify various results in extremal set theory.
Soil mineralogical attributes estimated by color as accessed by proximal sensors and machine learning
Authors: Baldo Danilo , Marques José , Fernandes Kathleen , de Almeida Gabriela Mourão , Siqueira Diego Silva 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDetailed mapping is essential for land use and management planning. The mappings require a robust database. Costs and time associated with obtaining the database are high and, therefore, it is not always possbile to obtain it. Soil color is a pedoindicator attribute that can be easily characterized. This study aimed to use soil color, based on the RGB (red–green–blue) system and obtained by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and mobile proximal sensor (MPS) to estimate mineralogical attributes using machine learning techniques for the Western Plateau of São Paulo. A total of 600 samples were collected throughout the study area. The samples were analyzed by DRS and then photographed. The color data were obtained by the RGB system after analysis in a computer program. The samples were subjected to laboratory analysis to quantify the contents of crystalline and noncrystalline Fe, hematite, goethite, kaolinite, and gibbsite. The database was subjected to the random forest machine learning algorithm and geostatistics. The use of random forest allowed estimating soil mineralogical attributes based on the RGB system by DRS and MPS. Detailed maps of mineralogical attributes could be constructed using the RGB system by the DRS and MPS techniques. The MPS technique can be used to characterize soil color, reducing the costs associated with analysis and the time required for data collection.
HDAC4 Inhibitors with Cyclic Linker and Non‐hydroxamate Zinc Binding Group: Design, Synthesis, HDAC Screening and in vitro Cytotoxicity evaluation.
Authors: Tilekar Kalpana , Hess Jessica D. , Upadhyay Neha , Schweipert Markus , Flath Felix , Gutierrez Denisse A. , Loiodice Fulvio , Lavecchia Antonio , Meyer‐Almes Franz‐Josef , Aguilera Renato J. , Ramaa C. S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRecent evidences highlight the usefulness of small molecule (Histone deacetylase 4) HDAC4 inhibitors in the several preclinical paradigms. Major toxicity and mutagenicity issues associated with hydroxamate HDAC inhibitors, stimulated us to develop potent non‐hydroxamate inhibitors. In the present work a novel series of thiazolidinedione (TZD) derivatives with pyridine as cyclic linker and TZD ring as zinc binding group was designed and screened in a panel of isoenzymes of HDACs, wherein the most potent compounds exhibiting HDAC4 IC50‐values<5 μM were 5 v, 5 w, 5 y and 5 z (IC50=4.2±1 μM, 0.75±0.03 μM, 4.9±0.5 and 2.3±0.5 μM, respectively). The docking studies displayed the unique binding mode of this series of compound at active site of HDAC4, wherein TZD ring was indicated as zinc binding group. Further, 5 w and 5 y were found as the most potent antiproliferative agent in lymphoblastic leukemia (CCRF‐CEM) and breast cancer MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Compound 5 y was found to induce the apoptosis and DNA fragmentation of CEM cells. The western blotting analysis of 5 y also showed the presence of cleaved caspases supporting their apoptotic nature. Further, Class IIa (HDAC4) selectivity of 5 y was also supported by western blotting observations, wherein 5 y caused the accumulation of acetylated H3 but not of acetylated Tubulin. Thus, our findings endorse the further investigation of this series of compounds for their potential as targeted cancer therapeutic agents.
Numerical simulation and simplified analytical model for the longitudinal joint bending stiffness of a tunnel considering axial force
Authors: Yuan Qiang , Liang Fayun , Fang Yanqi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs a discontinuous ring structure, segmental longitudinal joints are a weakness of shield tunnels and play an important role in the determination of tunnel deformation caused by ground pressure. A longitudinal joint bending test is first carried out by employing a detailed 3D numerical model for the Shanghai Metro tunnel. This reveals that the joint stiffness varies nonlinearly with the axial force and bending moment. Based on numerical results, an analytical model for determining the joint rotational stiffness is provided, which takes the influence of the mechanical behavior of the concrete and steel bolts, the geometrical dimensions of the joint cross section and the subjected loads into account. Then, a simplified fitting equation is proposed, which has been verified by the experimental test results. This reveals that the results obtained from the proposed fitting equation are in good agreement with the experimental results before the joint reaches the limit state. Therefore, this proposed equation can be preliminarily adopted for the simulation of joint bending behavior and the determination of tunnel deformation in the tunnel design stage.
Consideration for the scale‐up manufacture of nanotherapeutics—A critical step for technology transfer
Authors: Liu Xiangsheng , Meng Huan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhile nano‐enabled biotechnology is offering great promise, in certain areas providing fundamental paradigm shift for disease management, we are rapidly moving into a new era of nanotechnology developmental stage, in which chemistry, manufacturing, and controls of nanotherapeutics (nano‐CMC) become a critical step for translational nanomedicine. This is not a trivial task, in fact, nano‐CMC requires a long list of considerations. Minimally, it includes raw materials, scale‐up synthesis routes, batch sizes, stability check, analytical methods, and documentation. The growing items on the list could collectively ensure the reproducible production of nanotherapeutics that are safe and efficacious and meet new drug application (NDA) specifications. This article begins from the lesson learned from liposome, such as Doxil® and other FDA‐approved liposomes, then continues to provide a literature summary on the scale‐up synthesis of nanoparticles that were designed for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes. We outlined the key challenges during the scale‐up activities, followed by the case studies to illustrate the impact of emerging strategies that may improve the reproducible synthesis of large‐batch nanoparticles. The availability of quality‐controlled large‐batch size opens the possibility to conduct robust preclinical studies and clinical trials. This includes the recent advances of using microfluidics system, implementation of multiparameters iterative CMC optimization, and use of computer software, allowing the successful preparation of different organic and inorganic nanoparticles at desired batch sizes. The authors also share personal insights with respect to how nano‐CMC research would facilitate “personalized and just‐in‐time” nanomedicine.
New O‐centered titanium chalcohalide: synthesis and structure of Ti4O(Se2)4Br6
Authors: Poltarak Pavel , Komarov Vladyslav , Gayfulin Yakov , Artemkina Sofya , Fedorov Vladimir 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNew O‐centered tetranuclear titanium complex Ti4O(Se2)4Br6 has been prepared from TiSe1.73, Se, SeO2 and Br2 at moderate temperature by ampule synthesis. Its X‐ray crystal structure (monoclinic space group P21/c, a=9.4850(2), b=11.4667(2), c=19.1413(5)Å, β=92.0080(10)°, Z=4, V=2080.56(8)Å3) includes molecular complex Ti4O(Se2)4Br6 based on fragment {Ti4(μ4‐O)} coordinated by diselenide (Se2)2− and bromide bridging ligands. Ti4O(Se2)4Br6 is a new member of family of O‐centered tetranuclear complexes with the fragment {M4(μ4‐O)(Q2)4} (M=Ti, Nb, Ta; Q=S, Se, Te); here we discuss its synthetic features, crystal and electronic structure.
Lidstone–Euler Second-Type Boundary Value Problems: Theoretical and Computational Tools
Authors: Costabile Francesco Aldo , Gualtieri Maria Italia , Napoli Anna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGeneral nonlinear high odd-order differential equations with Lidstone–Euler boundary conditions of second type are treated both theoretically and computationally. First, the associated interpolation problem is considered. Then, a theorem of existence and uniqueness of the solution to the Lidstone–Euler second-type boundary value problem is given. Finally, for a numerical solution, two different approaches are illustrated and some numerical examples are included to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the proposed algorithms.
Rätselhafte B-Symptomatik bei einem 61-Jährigen unter Therapie einer rheumatoiden Arthritis
Authors: Wüstenberg R. , Christner M. , Schmiedel S. , Tariparast A. , Wichmann D. , Lennartz M. , Klose H. , Kluge S. 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungEin Patient mit rheumatoider Arthritis sowie B‑Symptomatik, Polyneuropathie und einschmelzenden Lungenveränderungen unter Immunsuppression entwickelte nach zunächst subakutem Verlauf rasch progrediente zentrale neurologische Symptome und ein letales Multiorganversagen. Als ursächlich erwies sich eine disseminierte Infektion mitHistoplasma capsulatumunter Beteiligung des zentralen Nervensystems. Die Erstinfektion hatte sich fünf Jahre zuvor bei einem Karibikurlaub ereignet. Die Kombination aus Reiseaktivität und Immunsuppression erfordert die Berücksichtigung sonst in Deutschland sehr seltener infektiologischer Diagnosen.
Market fragmentation and the rise of sub-national regulation
Authors: Llano-Verduras Carlos , Pérez-Balsalobre Santiago , Rincón-Aznar Ana 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe evaluation of the Single European Market requires a better knowledge of the level of integration both between and within the EU countries. While some institutions are pushing for greater integration between EU countries, others may be introducing—purposely or collaterally—additional barriers to interaction. Several reports have reported the high levels of market fragmentation prevailing within Spain. This paper aims to determine whether regional borders influenced the patterns of intra- and interregional trade between the 18 regions of Spain (Nuts 2) over a long period of time (1995–2017). While trade is more intense within regions than between them, our results suggest the presence of spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the estimated home bias. We also investigate empirically the effect that the quantity and quality of national, regional and local regulations have on the economic performance of firms, in both the industrial and the service sectors. We use different non-spatial and spatial-gravity models, which yield robust results.
Optimal Control of a Nonlinear PDE Governed by Fractional Laplacian
Authors: Kamocki Rafał 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe consider an optimal control problem containing a control system described by a partial nonlinear differential equation with the fractional Dirichlet–Laplacian, associated to an integral cost. We investigate the existence of optimal solutions for such a problem. In our study we use Filippov’s approach combined with a lower closure theorem for orientor fields.
Prognostic value of hepatorenal function following transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair
Authors: Tanaka Tetsu , Kavsur Refik , Spieker Maximilian , Iliadis Christos , Metze Clemens , Horn Patrick , Sugiura Atsushi , Baldus Stephan , Kelm Malte , Nickenig Georg , Pfister Roman , Westenfeld Ralf , Becher Marc Ulrich 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Hepatorenal dysfunction is a strong prognostic predictor in patients with heart failure. However, the prognostic impact of the hepatorenal dysfunction in patients undergoing transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVR) has not been well studied.

Methods
In consecutive patients who underwent edge-to-edge TMVR at three German centers, the model for end-stage liver disease excluding international normalized ratio (MELD-XI) score was calculated as 5.11 × ln [serum total bilirubin (mg/dl)] + 11.76 × ln [serum creatinine (mg/dl)] + 9.44. Patients were stratified into high (> 11) or low (≤ 11) MELD-XI score of which an incidence of the composite outcome, consisting of all-cause mortality and heart failure hospitalization, within 2 years after TMVR was assessed.

Results
Of the 881 patients, the mean MELD-XI score was 11.0 ± 5.9, and 415 patients (47.1%) had high MELD-XI score. The MELD-XI score was correlated with male, effective regurgitant orifice area, and tricuspid regurgitation severity and inversely related to left ventricular ejection fraction. Patients with high MELD-XI score had a higher incidence of the composite outcome than those with low MELD-XI score (47.7% vs. 29.8%; p < 0.0001), and in multivariable analysis, the high MELD-XI score was an independent predictor of the composite outcome [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.34; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.77; p = 0.04). Additionally, the MELD-XI score as a continuous variable was also an independent predictor (adjusted HR 1.02; 95% CI 1.00–1.05; p = 0.048).

Conclusions
The MELD-XI score was associated with clinical outcomes within 2 years after TMVR and can be a useful risk-stratification tool in patients undergoing TMVR.
Ausbildung als Schlüssel für eine adäquate Behandlung von Elektroaltgeräten in Lateinamerika
Authors: Salhofer Stefan , Schmied Elisabeth , Jandric Aleksander 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungWie in anderen Teilen der Welt wächst auch in Lateinamerika die Ausstattung der Haushalte mit elektrischen und elektronischen Geräten. Die daraus resultierenden Elektroaltgeräte treffen auf wenig entwickelte abfallwirtschaftliche Strukturen. In den meisten Ländern Lateinamerikas ist die getrennte Sammlung von Abfällen kaum entwickelt, Anlagen für eine spezifische Behandlung von Abfällen wie Elektroaltgeräte fehlen weitgehend. Sammlung und Behandlung werden hauptsächlich durch den informellen Sektor durchgeführt.In diesem Beitrag werden beispielhaft zwei Länder näher betrachtet.Nicaragua, als eines der am wenigsten entwickelten Länder, und Brasilien, ein großes und teilweise industrialisiertes Land, das allerdings keine entwickelten Strukturen zur Sammlung und Behandlung von Abfällen aufweist. In Nicaragua gibt es derzeit keine spezifischen gesetzlichen Regelungen für den Umgang mit Elektroaltgeräten und nur einzelne, kleinere Initiativen zur Sammlung sowie einen Behandlungsbetrieb in Managua.In Brasilien dominiert der informelle Sektor die Sammlung und Behandlung von Elektroaltgeräten. Gesetzliche Regelungen werden seit vielen Jahren diskutiert. Eine Branchenregelung soll Herstellerverantwortung einführen, allerdings sind die Rollen und Verpflichtungen der Stakeholder nicht geklärt. Im bestehenden Entsorgungssystem spielen Kooperativen eine wichtige Rolle.Für die Planung, Umsetzung und das Monitoring abfallwirtschaftlicher Systeme ist ExpertInnenwissen unerlässlich. Zurzeit bestehen in beiden Ländern kaum Möglichkeiten für eine fachliche Ausbildung in diesem Bereich. Um den zukünftig zu erwartenden Bedarf abzudecken wurde das Projekt LaWEEEda (im Erasmus+Programm gefördert) ins Leben gerufen. An den vier beteiligten Universitäten wurde ein akademisches Programm für Abfallwirtschaft und Behandlung von Elektroaltgeräten sowie ein berufsbegleitendes Ausbildungsprogramm für PraktikerInnen in diesem Bereich etabliert.