bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
History Page: Leaders in MSK Radiology Hans Jessen Panner, 1871–1930
Authors: Vanhoenacker Filip M. , Skjennald Arnulf 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis history page in the series “Leaders in MSK Radiology” is dedicated to the memory and achievements of the Danish radiologist Hans Jessen Panner, whose name is connected to the medical eponym Panner's disease.
The ORF8 protein of SARS-CoV-2 mediates immune evasion through down-regulating MHC-Ι
Authors: Zhang Yiwen , Chen Yingshi , Li Yuzhuang , Huang Feng , Luo Baohong , Yuan Yaochang , Xia Baijin , Ma Xiancai , Yang Tao , Yu Fei , Liu Jun , Liu Bingfeng , Song Zheng , Chen Jingliang , Yan Shumei , Wu Liyang , Pan Ting , Zhang Xu , Li Rong , Huang Wenjing , He Xin , Xiao Fei , Zhang Junsong , Zhang Hui 
Published: May 2021

SignificanceWe report that SARS-CoV-2 utilizes its ORF8 protein as a unique mechanism to alter the expression of surface MHC-Ι expression to evade immune surveillance. Our study is significant for providing an understanding of the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and will provide additional perspective to the intensive ongoing investigation into the mechanism and function of T cell antiviral immunity in COVID-19.
Arctic soil patterns analogous to fluid instabilities
Authors: Glade Rachel C. , Fratkin Michael M. , Pouragha Mehdi , Seiphoori Ali , Rowland Joel C. 
Published: May 2021

Significance
Slow-moving arctic soils form patterns resembling those found in common fluids, such as paint and cake icing drips. Inspired by fluid instabilities, we develop a conceptual model for soil patterns and use mathematical analysis to predict their wavelength. In particular, we propose that soil patterns arise due to competition between gravity and cohesion or the “stickiness” of soil grains. We compare our theoretical predictions with a dataset of soil features from Norway, finding that soil patterns are controlled by fluid-like properties as well as climate. Our work provides a physical explanation for a common pattern on both Earth and Mars, with implications for our understanding of landscapes and complex materials composed of both granular and fluid components.
The development of locative relative markers
Authors: Ballarè Silvia , Inglese Guglielmo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe accessibility hierarchy was first proposed byKeenan & Comrie (1977)to describe the cross-linguistic distribution of relative markers in terms of likelihood of relativization of different syntactic roles. The hierarchy is also commonly believed to reflect constraints on possible changes in the domain of relativization. For example, the hierarchy predicts that locative relatives that develop into general relativizers should expand their functional range in a step-by-step fashion from lower to higher roles. In this paper, we revise existing claims about the diachrony of locative relatives. In doing so, we survey known cases of locative relatives that develop into general relativizers and we also discuss data from linguistic variation in non-standard varieties in European languages, with a focus on social variation in Italian. As we argue, data from Italian suggests that another possible cline of development of locative relatives should be acknowledged, that is,locative > concern > subject.
Candidatus Phytoplasma solani (Stolbur phytoplasma).
Authors: Quaglino Fabio 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Phytoplasmas are cell-wall-less plant pathogenic bacteria of the class Mollicutes, which inhabit the phloem sieve tubes of plants and have been associated with several hundred diseases affecting economically important crops. Over the past few decades 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani', belonging to the 16SrXII-A ribosomal subgroup, has been found to cause a range of plant diseases in different agro-ecosystems in many countries in Europe and the eastern Mediterranean area and a number of others all over the world. It is thought likely that it has always been present, at least in its European range, but has only been noticed in recent years. Diseases caused include bois noir in grapevines, stolbur in tomatoes, potatoes and other wild and cultivated plants, maize redness, lavender decline, and yellowing, reddening, decline, dwarfism, leaf malformation and degeneration diseases of other plants. 'Ca. P. solani' is usually transmitted from plant to plant by the polyphagous insect vector Hyalesthes obsoletus (Cixiidae) which, although it can complete its life cycle on only a small number of plant species, feeds on a much wider range. Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of additional insect vectors of this phytoplasma in Europe, such as Reptalus panzeri in Serbia, possibly R. quinquecostatus in Serbia and France, and Anaceratagallia ribauti in Austria. This scenario highlights the extreme complexity of the ecology of both 'Ca. Phytoplasma solani' and its insect vectors, underlying the difficulty in studying the epidemiology of diseases associated with this pathogen and in developing efficient control strategies. 'Ca. Phytoplasma solani' is also transmitted by parasitic plants and by grafting and vegetative propagation of infected host plants; it can be spread when host plants are transported by people. In the European Union it is listed as a harmful organism necessitating restrictions on the import of plants in the family Solanaceae.
Cytisus scoparius (scotch broom).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

C. scoparius is a perennial shrub that has been widely commercialized as an ornamental in temperate and subtropical regions of the world. It is a prolific seeder that escaped from cultivation and has become an invasive species and a serious weed in temperate areas of the United States, Canada, Hawaii, Chile and Argentina, the eastern halves of both islands of New Zealand, Australia (including Tasmania), India, Iran, Japan and South Africa (Holm et al., 1979; Parsons and Cuthbertson, 1992; Hosking et al., 1998; Peterson and Prasad, 1998; Isaacson, 2000). C. scoparius is an aggressive fast-growing invader with the capability to grow forming dense impenetrable monospecific stands that degrade native grasslands, forests, rangelands, and agricultural lands; prevent the regeneration of natural forests and prairies; and create fire hazards (Syrett et al., 1999; USDA-NRCS, 2016). Because of its association with nitrogen fixing bacteria, it is very competitive in areas with poor soils and can alter the nutrient cycling of invaded areas (Peterson and Prasad, 1998).
Limax maximus (leopard slug).
Authors: Barker Gary 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

L. maximus is a large slug, not widely recognized as invasive, but often viewed as a plant pest. It has become widely distributed through human agencies, continues to spread in at least some regions, and has often been regarded as a pest of cultivated plants and mushrooms. Herbivory has been recorded on some native plant species, and it can contribute significantly to leaf litter decomposition. It is an intermediate host of nematodes parasitic in mammals, and known to interact with some native mollusc species. L. maximus has not, however, been recognized as threatening ecosystems, habitats or species or having major economic consequences. Most concern about L. maximus has been expressed in the Hawaiian Islands, where the species has established in upland forests and recent experimental work suggests significant effects on seedling recruitment for forest trees (Joe, 2006; Joe and Daehler, 2008) and on leaf litter decomposition rates (Meyer et al., 2013). The implications are that these effects may lead to ecosystem-level changes, but definitive evidence for this is presently lacking. There is also developing interest in possible ecosystem consequences of L. maximus [and other adventive slugs] in forests of North America. Recent experimental work suggests effects on seedling recruitment for forest trees, especially balsam fir (Abies balsamea) but definitive evidence for ecosystem-level changes is presently lacking. L. maximus is not listed as threatened in any part of its native range, reflecting the continuing abundance of the species in both natural and modified habitats.
Ludwigia hyssopifolia (water primrose).
Authors: Parker Chris 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

L. hyssopifolia is an extremely widespread weed of rice and wetlands across three continents. Holm et al. (1979) record it as a 'serious' or 'principal' weed in Indonesia, Borneo, Thailand, Malaysia, Nigeria and Trinidad, and common in Colombia and the Philippines. More recent publications confirm its importance in Malaysia (Begum et al., 2008) and in Sri Lanka (Chandrasena, 1987). While usually no more than 1 m high, it can grow to 3 m in height according to some authorities. Although there is some uncertainty over its native distribution, it is recorded as introduced and invasive on several Pacific islands, including Fiji, Kosrae, Pohnpei, Upolu (Western Samoa) and Christmas Island (HEAR, 2012). It is thus an aggressive weed of rice and of wetlands that poses a real threat to these ecologies. It has recently been identified as a 'new invader' in Spain (Ferrer and Laguna, 2009; Ferrer et al., 2009). Although this may be a slight exaggeration of its status there it does apparently have the ability to naturalise well north of its current distribution.
Solidago canadensis (Canadian goldenrod).
Authors: Popay Ian , Parker Chris 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

S. canadensis is an erect rhizomatous perennial plant native to North America which has spread throughout a number of European countries after its introduction as an ornamental. Moron et al. (2009) say that this species and the closely related species, S. gigantea have been among the most successful invasive species in Europe. It continues to be available from mail-order catalogues and websites of commercial nurseries and botanical gardens and as such further introduction of this species are likely. It is an undesirable invader on account of its large rhizomes, vigorous growth and allelopathic effects which lead to gross changes in the native vegetation and fauna. It is easily controlled by cultivation but difficult to control in natural areas due to its long persistence.
Quad-polarization reconfigurable holographic artificial impedance surface based on liquid crystal at terahertz band
Authors: Liu Jin , Li Jia Lin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A novel quad-polarization reconfigurable holographic artificial impedance surface that exploits the tunable dielectric permittivity of nematic liquid crystal is proposed. The arc-shaped strip is introduced and serves as the fundamental element, and further combined with holographic modulation, electromagnetic radiation at the terahertz band is realized. By partitioning the circular surface into several sectors, studies show that just two impedance values for each sector are enough to reconfigure among different polarizations. The presented demonstrator has a radius of 4.3λ
0, where λ
0 is the wavelength in free space at 1.25 THz, and is excited by a monopole. It can be dynamically reconfigured among vertical linear polarization, horizontal linear polarization, right-hand circular polarization, and left-hand circular polarization at the boresight.
Computer simulation of microstructure development in powder-bed additive manufacturing with crystallographic texture
Authors: Pauza J G , Tayon W A , Rollett A D 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Parts produced via laser powder-bed fusion additive manufacturing exhibit complex microstructures that depend on processing variables and often vary widely in crystallographic texture and grain morphology. The need to understand, predict, and control these microstructural variations motivates the development of modeling tools capable of accurately predicting LPBF microstructures. Monte Carlo (MC) Potts models have been employed to successfully model the formation of grain structures in additively manufactured parts but have lacked the ability to simulate crystallographic texture. We present an extension of the MC Potts model that assigns an orientation to each grain and penalizes growth of solid into the fusion zone based on proximity of the nearest 〈100〉 crystal direction to the local temperature gradient direction. This allows for crystallographically selective growth to drive texture formation during the development of the solidification microstructure in each melt track. LPBF builds of alloy 718 with a unidirectional scan pattern provided microstructures with substantial variations in grain size, grain morphology, and texture. These distinctive albeit atypical microstructures were used to validate the simulation method, i.e. good agreement was obtained between the simulated and experimental grain shapes and textures.
Metal and insulator states of SU(6) × SU(2) clusters of fermions in one-dimensional optical lattices
Authors: Gordillo M C 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We studied the behavior of mixtures of 173Yb (with symmetry up to SU(6)) and 171Yb (up to SU(2)) fermionic isotopes loaded in one-dimensional (1D) optical lattices. To do so, we solved the Schrödinger equation describing different systems using a diffusion Monte Carlo technique. We considered continuous Hamiltonians in which the interactions between atoms of different species (isotopes and/or spins) were modeled by contact potentials with parameters derived from their experimental scattering lengths. This implies that we can find both attractive and repulsive interactions between fermion pairs in the same cluster. The strength of those interactions can be changed by varying the transverse confinement, leading to different cluster behaviors. Only balanced clusters, i.e. with the same number of 173Yb and 171Yb atoms were considered. We found that the standard state for these clusters is a metallic-like one with different populations of 173Yb–171Yb molecule-like pairs in each optical lattice potential well. However, for big enough clusters, insulator-like states are also possible.
Cobaya: code for Bayesian analysis of hierarchical physical models
Authors: Torrado Jesús , Lewis Antony 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We present , a general-purpose Bayesian analysis code aimed at models with complex internal interdependencies.

Without the need for specific code by the user, interdependencies between different stages of a model pipeline are exploited for sampling efficiency: intermediate results are automatically cached, and parameters are grouped in blocks according to their dependencies and optimally sorted, taking into account their individual computational costs, so as to minimize the cost of their variation during sampling, thanks to a novel algorithm.

Cobaya allows exploration of posteriors using a range of Monte Carlo samplers, and also has functions for maximization and importance-reweighting of Monte Carlo samples with new priors and likelihoods.

Cobaya is written in Python in a modular way that allows for extendability, use of calculations provided by external packages, and dynamical reparameterization without modifying its source.
It can exploit hybrid OpenMP/MPI parallelization, and has sub-millisecond overhead per posterior evaluation.

Though Cobaya is a general purpose statistical framework, it includes interfaces to a set of cosmological Boltzmann codes and likelihoods (the latter being agnostic with respect to the choice of the former), and automatic installers for external dependencies.
Modeling galaxies in redshift space at the field level
Authors: Schmittfull Marcel , Simonović Marko , Ivanov Mikhail M. , Philcox Oliver H.E. , Zaldarriaga Matias 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We develop an analytical forward model based on perturbation theory to predict the redshift-space galaxy overdensity at the field level given a realization of the initial conditions.
We find that the residual noise between the model and simulated galaxy density has a power spectrum that is white on large scales, with size comparable to the shot noise.
In the mildly nonlinear regime, we see a k2μ2 correction to the noise power spectrum, corresponding to larger noise along the line of sight and on smaller scales.
The parametric form of this correction has been predicted on theoretical grounds before, and our simulations provide important confirmation of its presence.
We have also modeled the galaxy velocity at the field-level and compared it against simulated galaxy velocities, finding that about 10% of the galaxies are responsible for half of the rms velocity residual for our simulated galaxy sample.
All-optical shaping non-conventional beams based on spatial cross-phase modulation
Authors: Pan Yujia , Lyu Ziyao , Wang Changshun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
All-optical shaping non-conventional beams are demonstrated experimentally by means of spatial cross-phase modulation in the solution of azo-containing material. We report here that an annular beam is able to be generated and manipulated through a light-control-light system, including a focused controlling beam and a parallel controlled beam. As the intensity of controlling light is enhanced above the threshold, the circular dark core turns to a triangular shape gradually. The formation of the polygonal dark core is mainly attributed to the nonaxis-symmetrical thermal convection in the solution sample induced by the heat of controlling light, which breaks the symmetry in vertical direction of the refractive index distribution. In addition, when the controlled light is convergent, a series of concentric rings instead of annular beam is obtained. The formation of two kinds of non-conventional beams is discussed in terms of the conical distribution of the changed reflective index. This all-optical beam shaping reveals potential applications in optical limiting, all-optical modulation, optical trapping, etc.
High temporal contrast ultrashort pulses generated by nonlinear ellipse rotation in multipass cells
Authors: Pajer Viktor , Kalashnikov Mikhail 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The simultaneous nonlinear spectral broadening and temporal cleaning of ultrashort pulses by the combination of the multipass cell (MPC) technique and nonlinear ellipse rotation are proposed and investigated with numerical simulations. The performance of the gas-filled MPC is studied at 800 and 1030 nm central wavelengths with mJ energy level. The results indicate that at least 103 contrast enhancement is feasible with 50% internal efficiency while the beam quality is preserved during propagation. At the same time, nonlinear spectral broadening allows for a more than five-fold temporal compression. The technique is tested at 20 mJ energy and it is presumably suitable for the generation of high contrast, high energy few-cycle pulses, too.
Deconvolution with hybrid parameterizations for radio emission reconstruction
Authors: Zhang Li , Xu Long , Mi Li-Gong , Zhang Ming , Liu Xiang , Wang Feng , Ruan Yun-Jun , Li Dan-Yang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Deconvolution is used to eliminate imperfections in the point spread function, such as sidelobes caused by incomplete sampling of radio telescopes, and is a key technology for radio synthesis imaging. Modern telescopes have such high sensitivities that the observed celestial images may contain both compact and diffuse emission. This essentially requires deconvolution technology to have the ability to model both. In this paper, a deconvolution algorithm based on hybrid parameterization is proposed for the rapid reconstruction of complex celestial structures. In this algorithm, scale-free parameterization is utilized to reconstruct compact emission, while multi-scale parameterization is employed to reconstruct diffuse emission. Simulated data representing Square Kilometre Array (SKA) observations with realistic celestial brightness distributions are applied to test the performance of the algorithm. Our experiments show that, compared with other state-of-the-art deconvolution algorithms, the algorithm proposed in this paper can reconstruct complex celestial structures well and provide competitive reconstruction results while greatly improving the reconstruction speed.
Simulation of the orbit and spin period evolution of the double pulsars PSR J0737-3039 from their birth to coalescence induced by gravitational wave radiation
Authors: Liu Peng , Yang Yi-Yan , Zhang Jian-Wei , Rah Maria 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The complete orbital and spin period evolutions of the double neutron star (NS) system PSR J0737–3039 are simulated from birth to coalescence, which include the two observed radio pulsars classified as primary NS PSR J0737–3039A and companion NS PSR J0737–3039B. By employing the characteristic age of PSR J0737–3039B to constrain the true age of the double pulsar system, the initial orbital period and initial binary separation are obtained as 2.89 h and 1.44 × 106 km, respectively, and the coalescence age or the lifetime from the birth to merger of PSR J0737–3039 is obtained to be 1.38 × 108 yr. At the last minute of coalescence, corresponding to the gravitational wave frequency changing from 20 Hz to 1180 Hz, we present the binary separation of PSR J0737–3039 to be from 442 km to 30 km, while the spin periods of PSR J0737–3039A and PSR J0737–3039B are 27.10 ms and 4.63 s, respectively. From the standard radio pulsar emission model, before the system merged, the primary NS could still be observed by a radio telescope, but the companion NS had crossed the death line in the pulsar magnetic-field versus period (B – P) diagram at which point it is usually considered to cease life as a pulsar. This is the first time that the whole life evolutionary simulation of the orbit and spin periods for a double NS system is presented, which provides useful information for observing a primary NS at the coalescence stage.
Observation of solar coronal heating powered by magneto-acoustic oscillations in a moss region
Authors: Hashim Parida , Hong Zhen-Xiang , Ji Hai-Sheng , Shen Jin-Hua , Ji Kai-Fan , Cao Wen-Da 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we report the observed temporal correlation between extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) emission and magneto-acoustic oscillations in an EUV moss region, which is the footpoint region only connected by magnetic loops with million-degree plasma. The result is obtained from a detailed multi-wavelength data analysis of the region with the purpose of resolving fine-scale mass and energy flows that come from the photosphere, pass through the chromosphere and finally heat the solar transition region or the corona. The data set covers three atmospheric levels on the Sun, consisting of high-resolution broad-band imaging at TiO 7057 Å and the line of sight magnetograms for the photosphere, high-resolution narrow-band images at helium i 10830 Å for the chromosphere and EUV images at 171 Å for the corona. The 10830 Å narrow-band images and the TiO 7057 Å broad-band images are from a much earlier observation on 2012 July 22 with the 1.6 meter aperture Goode Solar Telescope (GST) at Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO) and the EUV 171 Å images and the magnetograms are from observations made by Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) or Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). We report the following new phenomena: (1) Repeated injections of chromospheric material appearing as 10830 Å absorption are squirted out from inter-granular lanes with a period of ∼ 5 minutes. (2) EUV emissions are found to be periodically modulated with similar periods of ∼ 5 minutes. (3) Around the injection area where 10830 Å absorption is enhanced, both EUV emissions and strength of the magnetic field are remarkably stronger. (4) The peaks on the time profile of the EUV emissions are found to be in sync with oscillatory peaks of the stronger magnetic field in the region. These findings may give a series of strong evidences supporting the scenario that coronal heating is powered by magneto-acoustic waves.