bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using nasal povidone-iodine to prevent bloodstream infections and transmission ofStaphylococcus aureusamong haemodialysis patients: a stepped-wedge cluster randomised control trial protocol
Authors: Racila Ana-Monica , O"Shea Amy M J , Nair Rajeshwari , Dukes Kimberly , Herwaldt Loreen A , Boyken Linda , Diekema Daniel , Ward Melissa A , Cobb Jason , Jacob Jesse , Pegues David , Bleasdale Susan , Vijayan Anitha , Mutneja Anubha , Fraer Mony , O"Connell-Moore Debra , Tolomeo Pam , Mendez Minerva , Jaworski Erin , Schweizer Marin L 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionApproximately 38% of haemodialysis patients carryStaphylococcus aureusin their noses, and carriers have a nearly four-fold increased risk ofS. aureusaccess-related bloodstream infections (BSIs) compared with non-carriers. Our objective is to determine the clinical efficacy and effectiveness of a novel intervention using nasal povidone-iodine (PVI) to prevent BSIs among patients in haemodialysis units. We will survey patients and conduct qualitative interviews with healthcare workers to identify barriers and facilitators to implementing the intervention.Methods and analysisWe will perform an open-label, stepped-wedge cluster randomised trial to assess the effectiveness of nasal PVI compared with standard care. Sixteen outpatient haemodialysis units will participate in the study. The 3-year trial period will be divided into a 4-month baseline period and eight additional 4-month time blocks. The primary outcome of the study will beS. aureusBSI, defined as aS. aureuspositive blood culture collected in the outpatient setting or within one calendar day after a hospital admission. The study team will evaluate characteristics of individual patients and the clusters by exposure status (control or intervention) to assess the balance between groups, and calculate descriptive statistics such as average responses separately for control and intervention survey questions.Ethics and disseminationThis study has received IRB approval from all study sites. A Data Safety and Monitoring Board will monitor this multicentre clinical trial. We will present our results at international meetings. The study team will publish findings in peer-reviewed journals and make each accepted peer-reviewed manuscript publicly available.Trial registration numberNCT04210505.
Impact of stress and coping strategies on insomnia among Polish novice nurses who are employed in their field while continuing their education: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Serafin Lena Izabela , Fukowska Maja , Zyskowska Diana , Olechowska Justyna , Czarkowska-Pączek Bożena 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesTo determine to what degree particular coping strategies mediate the association between stress and insomnia in novice nurses who are employed while continuing their education and how type of education moderate the relationships between workplace stress, coping strategies and insomnia.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was performed using an online questionnaire, which was completed by 159 novice registered nurses. The questionnaire comprised four components: Athens Insomnia Scale, Perceived Stress at Work (based on Perceived Stress Scale), Brief-Coping Orientation to Problem Experienced (COPE)and metrics with sociodemographic data questions.ResultsStress was found to be a significant predictor of insomnia among novice nurses. After adjusting the coping strategy, work stress ceased to be a significant predictor of insomnia. Among the strategies, the significant predictors that increased severity insomnia were acceptance, denial and self-blame. Predictors that decreased severity insomnia were use of emotional support and venting. Furthermore, the relationship between both active coping and self-distraction strategies and insomnia was significant for part-time students.ConclusionsInsomnia is significant phenomena among novice nurses and are exacerbated by increased stress in the workplace. Choosing appropriate coping strategies for stress that are dependent on the individuals’ activities significantly reduce the severity of insomnia caused by work stress.
REinforcement learning to improve non-adherence for diabetes treatments by Optimising Response and Customising Engagement (REINFORCE): study protocol of a pragmatic randomised trial
Authors: Lauffenburger Julie C , Yom-Tov Elad , Keller Punam A , McDonnell Marie E , Bessette Lily G , Fontanet Constance P , Sears Ellen S , Kim Erin , Hanken Kaitlin , Buckley J Joseph , Barlev Renee A , Haff Nancy , Choudhry Niteesh K 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionAchieving optimal diabetes control requires several daily self-management behaviours, especially adherence to medication. Evidence supports the use of text messages to support adherence, but there remains much opportunity to improve their effectiveness. One key limitation is that message content has been generic. By contrast, reinforcement learning is a machine learning method that can be used to identify individuals’ patterns of responsiveness by observing their response to cues and then optimising them accordingly. Despite its demonstrated benefits outside of healthcare, its application to tailoring communication for patients has received limited attention. The objective of this trial is to test the impact of a reinforcement learning-based text messaging programme on adherence to medication for patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods and analysisIn the REinforcement learning to Improve Non-adherence For diabetes treatments by Optimising Response and Customising Engagement (REINFORCE) trial, we are randomising 60 patients with suboptimal diabetes control treated with oral diabetes medications to receive a reinforcement learning intervention or control. Subjects in both arms will receive electronic pill bottles to use, and those in the intervention arm will receive up to daily text messages. The messages will be individually adapted using a reinforcement learning prediction algorithm based on daily adherence measurements from the pill bottles. The trial’s primary outcome is average adherence to medication over the 6-month follow-up period. Secondary outcomes include diabetes control, measured by glycated haemoglobin A1c, and self-reported adherence. In sum, the REINFORCE trial will evaluate the effect of personalising the framing of text messages for patients to support medication adherence and provide insight into how this could be adapted at scale to improve other self-management interventions.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Mass General Brigham Institutional Review Board (IRB) (USA). Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, clinicaltrials.gov reporting and conferences.Trial registration numberClinicaltrials.gov (NCT04473326).
Self-harm and suicidal behaviour in Ghana: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Quarshie Emmanuel Nii-Boye , Oppong Asante Kwaku , Andoh-Arthur Johnny 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionSelf-harm and suicidal behaviour represent major global health problems, which account for significant proportions of the disease burden in low-income and middle-income countries, including Ghana. This review aims to synthesise the available and accessible evidence on prevalence estimates, correlates, risk and protective factors, the commonly reported methods and reasons for self-harm and suicidal behaviour in Ghana.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a systematic review reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement (2009) recommendations. Regional and global electronic databases (African Journals OnLine, African Index Medicus, APA PsycINFO, Global Health, MEDLINE and PubMed) will be searched systematically up to December 2021 for observational studies and qualitative studies that have reported prevalence estimates, correlates, risk and protective factors, methods and reasons for self-harm and suicidal behaviour in Ghana. The electronic database searches will be supplemented with reference harvesting and grey literature searching in Google Scholar and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global for postgraduate dissertations. Only records in English will be included. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (2018) will be used to assess the methodological quality of included studies. Meta-analysis or narrative synthesis or both will be used, contingent on the extent of heterogeneity across eligible observational studies.Ethics and disseminationConsidering that this is a systematic review of accessible and available literature, we will not seek ethical approval. On completion, this review will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal, be disseminated publicly at (mental) health conferences with focus on self-harm and suicide prevention. The important findings would also be shared with key national stakeholder groups in Ghana: Ghana Association for Suicide Prevention, Ghana Mental Health Authority, Ghana Psychological Association, Centre for Suicide and Violence Research, Accra and the Parliamentary Select Committee on Health.Prospero registration numberCRD42021234622.
Urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine levels and small-for-gestational age infants: a prospective cohort study from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Authors: Murata Tsuyoshi , Kyozuka Hyo , Fukuda Toma , Endo Yuta , Kanno Aya , Yasuda Shun , Yamaguchi Akiko , Sato Akiko , Ogata Yuka , Shinoki Kosei , Hosoya Mitsuaki , Yasumura Seiji , Hashimoto Koichi , Nishigori Hidekazu , Fujimori Keiya 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesTo evaluate the association between the urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (U8-OHdG) levels and the incidence of small-for-gestational age (SGA) infants and to assess the utility of U8-OHdG as a biomarker to predict the incidence of SGA infants.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingThe Japan Environment and Children’s Study.ParticipantsData of participants enrolled in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, a nationwide birth cohort study, between 2011 and 2014 were analysed; 104 062 fetal records were analysed. Data of women with singleton pregnancies ≥22 weeks of gestation were analysed.Primary and secondary outcome measuresU8-OHdG levels were assessed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Participants were categorised into the following three groups according to the quartile of the distribution of U8-OHdG: low U8-OHdG (<1.95 ng/mgCre), moderate U8-OHdG (the combined second and third quartiles; 1.95–2.95 ng/mgCre) and high U8-OHdG (>2.95 ng/mgCre) groups. Additionally, participants in the 90th percentile for U8-OHdG levels were analysed. Odds ratios (ORs) for SGA infants (<−1.5 and <−2.0 SD) were calculated using a logistic regression model while adjusting for confounding factors; the moderate U8-OHdG group was used as a reference. The cut-off value of U8-OHdG to predict the incidence of SGA infants was calculated using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.ResultsData of 80 212 participants were analysed. The adjusted ORs for SGA infants (<−1.5 and<−2.0 SD) in the high U8-OHdG group were 1.16 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.25) and 1.22 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.38). The cut-off value of U8-OHdG (3.26 ng/mgCre) showed a poor ability to predict SGA infants (sensitivity, 21.9%; specificity, 83.6%; area under the ROC curve, 0.530).ConclusionsElevated U8-OHdG levels were associated with an increased incidence of SGA infants. However, this parameter would not be a useful screening tool for predicting SGA infants owing to its low sensitivity and specificity.
Feasibility and acceptability of study methods and psychosocial interventions for body image targeting women diagnosed with breast cancer: a protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Brunet Jennifer , Price Jenson , Baillot Aurelie 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionImproving body image may help to enhance the quality of life of women diagnosed with breast cancer. Although evidence suggests psychosocial interventions can effectively improve body image in this population, no review to date has assessed their feasibility or acceptability. This manuscript reports the protocol for a review summarising current evidence for the feasibility and acceptability of psychosocial interventions for body image targeting women diagnosed with breast cancer and the study methods used to evaluate the interventions in question to provide recommendations to optimise the success and sustainability of psychosocial interventions for body image and future studies. Results will also help to identify gaps in the existing evidence to provide direction for future research.Methods and analysisWe searched the following databases for articles published in the English language from January 2000 to June 2021 using a systematic search strategy: MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsychINFO and EMBASE. This search will be supplemented with a manual search of reference lists from relevant systematic reviews and included articles. Eligible studies will include peer-reviewed publications reporting on feasibility and acceptability in the evaluation of psychosocial interventions for body image targeting women diagnosed with breast cancer. All study designs are eligible, although articles are required to have reported on an intervention evaluation. Two reviewers will independently carry out study selection, extraction of quantitative and qualitative data and quality assessment. Data will be summarised in a narrative review and thematic analysis.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval is required because this is a protocol for a systematic review. On completion, results will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed scientific journal and for presentation at a relevant conference.Trial registrationThis protocol has been registered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews international registry (ID: CRD42021269062, 11 September 2021).
Neutrophils prevent rectal bleeding in ulcerative colitis by peptidyl-arginine deiminase-4-dependent immunothrombosis
Authors: Leppkes Moritz , Lindemann Aylin , Gößwein Stefanie , Paulus Susanne , Roth Dominik , Hartung Anne , Liebing Eva , Zundler Sebastian , Gonzalez-Acera Miguel , Patankar Jay V , Mascia Fabrizio , Scheibe Kristina , Hoffmann Markus , Uderhardt Stefan , Schauer Christine , Foersch Sebastian , Neufert Clemens , Vieth Michael , Schett Georg , Atreya Raja , Kühl Anja A , Bleich Andre , Becker Christoph , Herrmann Martin , Neurath Markus F 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveBleeding ulcers and erosions are hallmarks of active ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the mechanisms controlling bleeding and mucosal haemostasis remain elusive.DesignWe used high-resolution endoscopy and colon tissue samples of active UC (n = 36) as well as experimental models of physical and chemical mucosal damage in mice deficient for peptidyl-arginine deiminase-4 (PAD4), gnotobiotic mice and controls. We employed endoscopy, histochemistry, live-cell microscopy and flow cytometry to study eroded mucosal surfaces during mucosal haemostasis.ResultsErosions and ulcerations in UC were covered by fresh blood, haematin or fibrin visible by endoscopy. Fibrin layers rather than fresh blood or haematin on erosions were inversely correlated with rectal bleeding in UC. Fibrin layers contained ample amounts of neutrophils coaggregated with neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) with detectable activity of PAD. Transcriptome analyses showed significantly elevatedPAD4expression in active UC. In experimentally inflicted wounds, we found that neutrophils underwent NET formation in a PAD4-dependent manner hours after formation of primary blood clots, and remodelled clots to immunothrombi containing citrullinated histones, even in the absence of microbiota. PAD4-deficient mice experienced an exacerbated course of dextrane sodium sulfate-induced colitis with markedly increased rectal bleeding (96 % vs 10 %) as compared with controls. PAD4-deficient mice failed to remodel blood clots on mucosal wounds eliciting impaired healing. Thus, NET-associated immunothrombi are protective in acute colitis, while insufficient immunothrombosis is associated with rectal bleeding.ConclusionOur findings uncover that neutrophils induce secondary immunothrombosis by PAD4-dependent mechanisms. Insufficient immunothrombosis may favour rectal bleeding in UC.
Indigenous women’s worldview in food-related research: Rematriating food, bodies and lands
Authors: Ferreira Celeste , Gaudet Janice Cindy , Loukes Keira A. 
Published: December 2021

Western discourses around food (in)security and nutrition often focus on food access primarily through male-driven efforts. In turn, the gendered dimension is missing. Yet Indigenous food systems cannot be fully understood without Indigenous women’s worldview, challenges, and labour. Our critique points to the importance of centring Indigenous women’s embodied knowledge systems in our food related research.Novelty: Rematriating food research regenerates the complexities of kinship wellbeing, sustainable economies, and body sovereignty.
Influence of the alkyl chain length on the physicochemical properties and microbial biocompatibility of phosphonium based fatty acid ionic liquids
Authors: Tantray Aafaq A. , Rode Nitin R. , Shinde Sandesh S. , Nandre Vinod , Kodam Kisan M. , Terdale Santosh S. 
Published: December 2021

Ionic liquids (ILs) have remarkable properties and applications in many areas of science. Phosphonium ILs have become important because of their unique chemical and thermal stabilities. The present work is focused on the synthesis, characterisation, physicochemical properties, and microbial toxicity assessment of phosphonium ILs bearing seven different fatty acid anions. The structures of the synthesised ILs were confirmed by1H and13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and FTIR spectroscopy. Physicochemical properties such as density and viscosity of pure ILs were measured at temperatures ranging from 298.15 to 313.15 K. The experimental density decreased, whereas the viscosity increased with an increasing number of carbon atoms in the anion. The derived properties were also found to be anion dependent. The thermal decomposition temperature was investigated by TGA. Subsequently, the toxicity profile of the ILs was determined for selected Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and some species of fungi in terms of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). The results show that the antimicrobial activities of the ILs are strongly related to the structures of the ILs, where an increase in toxicity was observed with increasing alkyl group chain length of the fatty acid anion.
Sliding-friction wear of a seashell particulate reinforced polymer matrix composite: modeling and optimization through RSM and Grey Wolf optimizer
Authors: Vasanthkumar P. , Balasundaram R. , Senthilkumar N. 
Published: December 2021

In this work we investigated the friction wear of a thermoplastic polymer (nylon-6) reinforced with particles of seashell. Seashells are made of calcium carbonate in the mineral form of calcite or aragonite, which makes them one of the most robust materials known. A twin-screw extruder was used to blend the seashell particles (SPs) and nylon-6, and an injection molding machine was used to fabricate the composite. Various proportions of SPs (12%, 15%, and 18%, by weight) were added to the nylon-6. We studied the wear of the polymer composites as per the standard ASTM G99, focusing on the loss of material due to wear, the friction coefficient, and the interface temperature. We used a response surface methodology (RSM) based Box–Behnken method (BBD) for our experimental design, and multiobjective analyses were performed incorporating desirability analysis. Our results show the following: the interface temperature was highly influenced by rotational speed (41.61%); the reinforcement with SPs (%) significantly (35.71%) affected the loss of material due to wear; and, the coefficient of friction (CoF) was significantly affected by rotational speed (41.48%) and reinforcement with SPs (18.18% w/w). A novel metaheuristic algorithm (Grey Wolf Optimizer) was used to constrain our optimizations, and the results showed that with CoF = 0.3 and an interface temperature of 25 °C as constraints, the loss due to wear was 35.77 μm for 15.09% w/w reinforcement with SPs, but at CoF = 0.3 and an interface temperature of 30 °C, the loss due to wear was 28.99 μm for 18% w/w reinforcement with SP.
Epicyclic oscillations in spinning particle motion around Kerr black hole applied in models fitting the quasi-periodic oscillations observed in microquasars and AGNs
Authors: Shahzadi Misbah , Kološ Martin , Stuchlík Zdeněk , Habib Yousaf 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe study of the quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) of X-ray flux observed in the stellar-mass black hole (BH) binaries or quasars can provide a powerful tool for testing the phenomena occurring in strong gravity regime. We thus fit the data of QPOs observed in the well known microquasars as well as active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the framework of the model of geodesic oscillations of Keplerian disks modified for the epicyclic oscillations of spinning test particles orbiting Kerr BHs. We show that the modified geodesic models of QPOs can explain the observational fixed data from the microquasars and AGNs but not for all sources. We perform a successful fitting of the high frequency QPOs models of epicyclic resonance and its variants, relativistic precession and its variants, tidal disruption, as well as warped disc models, and discuss the corresponding constraints of parameters of the model, which are the spin of the test particle, mass and rotation of the BH.
A complete data set for the simulation of electron transport through gaseous tetrahydrofuran in the energy range 1–100 $$\hbox {eV}$$
Authors: García-Abenza A. , Lozano A. I. , Álvarez L. , Oller J. C. , Blanco F. , Stokes P. , White R. D. , Urquijo J. de , Limão-Vieira P. , Jones D. B. , Brunger M. J. , García G. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A self-consistent data set, with all the necessary inputs for Monte Carlo simulations of electron transport through gaseous tetrahydrofuran (THF) in the energy range 1–100 eV, has been critically compiled in this study. Accurate measurements of total electron scattering cross sections (TCSs) from THF have been obtained, and considered as reference values to validate the self-consistency of the proposed data set. Monte Carlo simulations of the magnetically confined electron transport through a gas cell containing THF for different beam energies (3, 10 and 70 eV) and pressures (2.5 and 5.0 mTorr) have also been performed by using a novel code developed in Madrid. In order to probe the accuracy of the proposed data set, the simulated results have been compared with the corresponding experimental data, the latter obtained with the same experimental configuration where the TCSs have been measured.

Graphic Abstract