bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomically‐Precise Texturing of Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanostripes
Authors: Ali Khadiza , Fernández Laura , Kherelden Mohammad A. , Makarova Anna A. , Píš Igor , Bondino Federica , Lawrence James , de Oteyza Dimas G. , Usachov Dmitry Yu. , Vyalikh Denis V. , García de Abajo F. Javier , El‐Fattah Zakaria M. Abd , Ortega J. Enrique , Schiller Frederik 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMonolayer hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is attracting considerable attention because of its potential applications in areas such as nano‐ and opto‐electronics, quantum optics and nanomagnetism. However, the implementation of such functional hBN demands precise lateral nanostructuration and integration with other two‐dimensional materials, and hence, novel routes of synthesis beyond exfoliation. Here, a disruptive approach is demonstrated, namely, imprinting the lateral pattern of an atomically stepped one‐dimensional template into a hBN monolayer. Specifically, hBN is epitaxially grown on vicinal Rhodium (Rh) surfaces using a Rh curved crystal for a systematic exploration, which produces a periodically textured, nanostriped hBN carpet that coats Rh(111)‐oriented terraces and lattice‐matched Rh(337) facets with tunable width. The electronic structure reveals a nanoscale periodic modulation of the hBN atomic potential that leads to an effective lateral semiconductor multi‐stripe. The potential of such atomically thin hBN heterostructure for future applications is discussed.
Multistate Switching of Spin Selectivity in Electron Transport through Light‐Driven Molecular Motors
Authors: Zhu Qirong , Danowski Wojciech , Mondal Amit Kumar , Tassinari Francesco , van Beek Carlijn L. F. , Heideman G. Henrieke , Santra Kakali , Cohen Sidney R. , Feringa Ben L. , Naaman Ron 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIt is established that electron transmission through chiral molecules depends on the electron's spin. This phenomenon, termed the chiral‐induced spin selectivity (CISS), effect has been observed in chiral molecules, supramolecular structures, polymers, and metal‐organic films. Which spin is preferred in the transmission depends on the handedness of the system and the tunneling direction of the electrons. Molecular motors based on overcrowded alkenes show multiple inversions of helical chirality under light irradiation and thermal relaxation. The authors found here multistate switching of spin selectivity in electron transfer through first generation molecular motors based on the four accessible distinct helical configurations, measured by magnetic‐conductive atomic force microscopy. It is shown that the helical state dictates the molecular organization on the surface. The efficient spin polarization observed in the photostationary state of the right‐handed motor coupled with the modulation of spin selectivity through the controlled sequence of helical states, opens opportunities to tune spin selectivity on‐demand with high spatio‐temporal precision. An energetic analysis correlates the spin injection barrier with the extent of spin polarization.
Dynamic critical potassium concentrations in soybean leaves and petioles for monitoring potassium nutrition
Authors: Slaton Nathan A. , Drescher Gerson L. , Parvej Md Rasel , Roberts Trenton L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSoybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] critical tissue‐K concentrations associated with the bloom to early pod set growth stages have been used to diagnose K deficiency for decades. The ability to interpret tissue concentrations beyond the R2 stage would strengthen soybean tissue monitoring programs. Our objective was to develop continuous critical‐K concentrations for the trifoliolate leaf and petiole of irrigated soybean. Trifoliolate leaf‐ and petiole‐K concentration data were collected during soybean reproductive growth from 10 research trials. Multiple regression was performed to predict relative soybean yield as a function of tissue‐K concentrations and days after R1 development (DAR1). The 10 research trials provided >1,400 leaf‐ and petiole‐K concentration observations from the R1–R6 stages of soybean cultivars from the 4.4–5.5 relative maturity groups. Among the 10 trials, soybean receiving no fertilizer‐K produced 59.2–83.2% of the maximum yield produced by soybean receiving fertilizer‐K. The sufficient leaf‐K concentrations associated with 95% relative yield were 20.2 g K kg–1 at 1 DAR1, 18.5 g K kg–1 at 20 DAR1, 15.5 g K kg–1 at 40 DAR1, and 11.2 g K kg–1 at 60 DAR1, which occur at the R1, R2, and R3‐R4, and R5‐R6 growth stages, respectively. Compared with leaf‐K concentration, the sufficient petiole‐K concentrations associated with 95% relative yield were 2.5 times greater at R1 but similar at 70 DAR1 (R6). Agricultural analytical laboratories can use these sufficiency equations for soybean leaf‐ or petiole‐K concentrations, with planting date and maturity group information, to interpret soybean K sufficiency.
Theoretical constraints: Science, caretaking, and the creation of normative ideals
Authors: Nelson Robin G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis review explores the dualism in evolutionary anthropology that both acknowledges a broad range of familial caretaking strategies, while also remaining tethered to theories scaffolded around notions of selfish genes that constrain our understanding of who provides adequate kin care. I examine the process of norm creation in the sciences by investigating how theory may limit which data are collected and how those data are interpreted.MethodsThis paper serves as a literature review and critique of prominent biological, evolutionary, and psychological conceptualizations of parental investment and caretaking in humans, and how these studies shape what is considered normal behavior in scientific literature.ResultsQuantification, assessment, and theory building in evolutionary anthropology, and an oversampling of WEIRD communities in other disciplines, have limited our understanding of what constitutes both evolutionarily adaptive behaviors, and culturally specific human behaviors.ConclusionsA synthetic theoretical model of behavioral norms in childrearing must account for an exchange of psycho‐social and cultural resources and skills, the transfer of energetic reserves via gestation and lactation, and the indirect benefits of genetic inheritance. The emphasis on tailoring data collection to fit evolutionary theories of the family has limited our ability to understand the diverse proximate mechanisms that humans employ in taking care of kin as biocultural reproducers.
Synthesis of Dysoxylactam A Using Iterative Homologation of Boronic Esters
Authors: Rogers Jack J. , Aggarwal Varinder K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDysoxylactam A is a 17‐membered macrocyclic lipid which has been found to dramatically reverse multidrug resistance in cancer cells. Three previous syntheses have been reported in 15–17 steps. Using iterative lithiation‐borylation reactions as the key C−C bond forming and stereocontrolling steps, we now describe an 11‐step synthesis of dysoxylactam A. The complete sequence only required a total of five chromatographic purifications and used minimal protecting groups making it both rapid and efficient.
Naphthodithiophene Diimide Based Chiral π‐Conjugated Nanopillar Molecules
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhang Guilan , Qu Hang , Todarwal Yogesh , Wang Yun , Norman Patrick , Linares Mathieu , Surin Mathieu , Zhang Hui‐Jun , Lin Jianbin , Jiang Yun‐Bao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe synthesis, structures, and properties of [4]cyclonaphthodithiophene diimides ([4]C‐NDTIs) are described. NDTIs as important n‐type building blocks were catenated in the α‐positions of thiophene rings via an unusual electrochemical‐oxidation‐promoted macrocyclization route. The thiophene–thiophene junction in [4]C‐NDTIs results in an ideal pillar shape. This interesting topology, along with appealing electronic and optical properties inherited from the NDTI units, endows the [4]C‐NDTIs with both near‐infrared (NIR) light absorptions, strong excitonic coupling, and tight encapsulation of C60. Stable orientations of the NDTI units in the nanopillars lead to stable inherent chirality, which enables detailed circular dichroism studies on the impact of isomeric structures on π‐conjugation. Remarkably, the [4]C‐NDTIs maintain the strong π–π stacking abilities of NDTI units and thus adopt two‐dimensional (2D) lattice arrays at the molecular level. These nanopillar molecules have great potential to mimic natural photosynthetic systems for the development of multifunctional organic materials.
Unmasking Steps in Intramolecular Aromatic Hydroxylation by a Synthetic Nonheme Oxoiron(IV) Complex
Authors: Sheng Yuan , Abelson Chase S. , Prakash Jai , Draksharapu Apparao , Young Victor G. , Que Lawrence 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, a methyl group on the classic tetramethylcyclam (TMC) ligand framework is replaced with a benzylic group to form the metastable [FeIV(Osyn)(Bn3MC)]2+ (2‐syn; Bn3MC=1‐benzyl‐4,8,11‐trimethyl‐1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane) species at −40 °C. The decay of 2‐syn with time at 25 °C allows the unprecedented monitoring of the steps involved in the intramolecular hydroxylation of the ligand phenyl ring to form the major FeIII−OAr product 3. At the same time, the FeII(Bn3MC)2+ (1) precursor to 2‐syn is re‐generated in a 1:2 molar ratio relative to 3, accounting for the first time for all the electrons involved and all the Fe species derived from 2‐syn as shown in the following balanced equation: 3 [FeIV(O)(LPh)]2+ (2‐syn)→2 [FeIII(LOAr)]2+ (3)+[FeII(LPh)]2+ (1)+H2O. This system thus serves as a paradigm for aryl hydroxylation by FeIV=O oxidants described thus far. It is also observed that 2‐syn can be intercepted by certain hydrocarbon substrates, thereby providing a means to assess the relative energetics of aliphatic and aromatic C−H hydroxylation in this system.
An Activity‐Based Sensing Fluorogenic Probe for Monitoring Ethylene in Living Cells and Plants
Authors: Chen Yiliang , Yan Wei , Guo Duojing , Li Yu , Li Ji , Liu Hao , Wei Lirong , Yu Na , Wang Biao , Zheng Ying , Jing Maofeng , Zhao Jing , Ye Yonghao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEthylene (ET) is an important gaseous plant hormone. It is highly desirable to develop fluorescent probes for monitoring ethylene in living cells. We report an efficient RhIII‐catalysed coupling of N‐phenoxyacetamides to ethylene in the presence of an alcohol. The newly discovered coupling reaction exhibited a wide scope of N‐phenoxyacetamides and excellent regioselectivity. We successfully developed three fluorophore‐tagged RhIII‐based fluorogenic coumarin‐ethylene probes (CEPs) using this strategy for the selective and quantitative detection of ethylene. CEP‐1 exhibited the highest sensitivity with a limit of detection of ethylene at 52 ppb in air. Furthermore, CEP‐1 was successfully applied for imaging in living CHO‐K1 cells and for monitoring endogenous‐induced changes in ethylene biosynthesis in tobacco and Arabidopsis thaliana plants. These results indicate that CEP‐1 has great potential to illuminate the spatiotemporal regulation of ethylene biosynthesis and ethylene signal transduction in living biological systems.
Controlling Coagulation in Blood with Red Light
Authors: Müller Patricia , Sahlbach Marlen , Gasper Simone , Mayer Günter , Müller Jens , Pötzsch Bernd , Heckel Alexander 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrecise control of blood clotting and rapid reversal of anticoagulation are essential in many clinical situations. We were successful in modifying a thrombin‐binding aptamer with a red‐light photocleavable linker derived from Cy7 by Cu‐catalyzed Click chemistry. We were able to show that we can successfully deactivate the modified aptamer with red light (660 nm) even in human blood—restoring the blood's natural coagulation capability.
Light‐Induced Nonoxidative Coupling of Methane Using Stable Solid Solutions
Authors: Wang Guangming , Mu Xiaowei , Li Jiayang , Zhan Qingyun , Qian Yumeng , Mu Xiaoyue , Li Lu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAchieving efficient and direct conversion of methane under mild conditions is of great significance for innovations in the chemical industry. However, the efficiency and lifetime of most catalysts remain too far from practical requirements, since it is difficult to break the first C−H bond of methane as well as to suppress the following complete dehydrogenation (or overoxidation) and the resulting carbonaceous deposition (or CO2). Here, we report that wurtzite GaN:ZnO solid solutions exhibit unique and unprecedented photocatalytic performances for the nonoxidative coupling of methane at room temperature, exclusively generating ethane with nearly stoichiometric H2. High conversion rate (>330 μmol g−1 h−1), long‐term stability (>70 h), and superior coke‐resistance were achieved. At 293 K, the methane conversion exceeds 7 %, comparable to the equilibrium conversion of thermal catalysis at 910 K. Mechanistic studies revealed that the N‐ZnGa‐ON units and the absence of acid sites on the surface played crucial roles in reactivity and coke resistance, respectively.
Synergy and Antagonism between Allosteric and Active‐Site Inhibitors of Abl Tyrosine Kinase
Authors: Johnson Taylor K. , Bochar Daniel A. , Vandecan Nathalie M. , Furtado Jessica , Agius Michael P. , Phadke Sameer , Soellner Matthew B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAllosteric inhibitors of Abl kinase are being explored in the clinic, often in combination with ATP‐site inhibitors of Abl kinase. However, there are conflicting data on whether both ATP‐competitive inhibitors and myristoyl‐site allosteric inhibitors can simultaneously bind Abl kinase. Here, we determine whether there is synergy or antagonism between ATP‐competitive inhibitors and allosteric inhibitors of Abl. We observe that clinical ATP‐competitive inhibitors are not synergistic with allosteric ABL inhibitors, however, conformation‐selective ATP‐site inhibitors that modulate the global conformation of Abl can afford synergy. We demonstrate that kinase conformation is the key driver to simultaneously bind two compounds to Abl kinase. Finally, we explore the interaction of allosteric and conformation selective ATP‐competitive inhibitors in a series of biochemical and cellular assays.
Study of emulsifying properties of soluble proteins obtained from defatted rice bran concentrate
Authors: Bonifacino Carla , Palazolo Gonzalo G. , Panizzolo Luis A. , Abirached Cecilia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRice (Oryza sativa) is one of the most frequently produced cereals in the world. Rice bran (RB) is obtained as a by‐product in the rice milling process. A part of the RB is used for oil extraction, obtaining defatted rice bran as a second by‐product. The aim of this work was to analyze the emulsifying properties of soluble proteins fraction present in defatted rice bran concentrate (DRBC) in acidic and neutral conditions. Fine emulsions (prepared by high‐speed and ultrasound homogenization) stabilized with soluble proteins obtained from DRBC showed a mean particle size lower than coarse emulsions (prepared by only high‐speed homogenization) and a significantly lower degree of overall destabilization. Coarse emulsions showed sigmoidal destabilization profiles at pH 4.5 and 7.0, related to the existence of two populations with different particle sizes. In fine emulsions, both pH provided lower particle sizes and greater stability. After 24 h of quiescent storage, the coarse emulsions showed an increase of particle size that was not observed in fine emulsions. Both types of emulsions showed a Newtonian‐type behavior. Fine emulsions showed higher viscosity values and higher lightness than coarse emulsions, consistent with the reduction of particle size and increase in the number of particles. The soluble proteins obtained from a waste of the rice industry can be used to obtain stable fine oil‐in‐water emulsions in acidic and neutral conditions. This result is of interest since it could be used as a food ingredient, increasing the added value of this important by‐product.
Functional analysis of the odorant receptor coreceptor in odor detection in Grapholita molesta (lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Chen Xiu‐Lin , Li Bo‐Liao , Chen Yu‐Xin , Li Guang‐Wei , Wu Jun‐Xiang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe olfactory system must detect and discriminate various semiochemicals in the environment. In response to such diversity, insects have evolved a family of odorant‐gated ion channels composed of a common receptor (coreceptor, Orco) and a ligand‐binding tuning odorant receptor (OR) that confers odour specificity. This study aims to examine the expression pattern of Orco gene of Grapholita molesta (GmolOrco) and to elucidate the role of GmolOrco in detecting G. molesta sex pheromone and green leaf volatiles by using gene silencing via RNA interference (RNAi) coupled antennal electrophysiological (EAG). Multiple sequence alignment showed that GmolOrco shared high sequence similarities with the Orco ortholog of lepidopterans. The results of real‐time quantitative PCR detection demonstrated that GmolOrco was predominantly expressed in adult antennae and had the highest expression quantity in adult period among the different developmental stages. Compared with the noninjected controls, GmolOrco expression in GmolOrcodouble‐stranded RNA (dsRNA)‐injected males was reduced to 39.92% and that in females was reduced to 40.43%. EAG assays showed that the responses of GmolOrco‐dsRNA injected males to sex pheromones (Z)‐8‐dodecenyl acetate (Z8‐12:OAc) and (Z)‐8‐dodecenyl alcohol (Z8‐12:OH) were significantly reduced, and the GmolOrco‐dsRNA‐injected female to green leaf volatile (Z)‐3‐hexenyl acetate also significantly declined. We inferred that Orco‐mediated olfaction was different in male and female G. molesta adults and was mainly involved in recognizing the sex pheromones released by female moths.
The more, the better? The effect of feedback and user's past successes on idea implementation in open innovation communities
Authors: Liu Qian , Yang Zhengfa , Cai Xiaofang , Du Qianzhou , Fan Weiguo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEstablishing open innovation communities has evolved as an important product innovation and development strategy for companies. Yet, the success of such communities relies on the successful implementation of many user‐submitted ideas. Although extant literature has examined the impact of user experience and idea characteristics on idea implementation, little is known from the information input perspective, for example, feedback. Based on the information overload theory and knowledge content framework, we propose that the amount and types of feedback content have different effects on the likelihood of subsequent idea implementation, and such effects depend on the level of users' success experience. We tested the research model using a panel logistic model with the data of MIUI Forum. The study results revealed that the amount of feedback has an inverted U‐shaped effect on idea implementation, and such effect is moderated by a user's past success. Moreover, the type of feedback content (cost and benefit‐related feedback and functionality‐related feedback) positively affects idea implementation, and a user's past success positively moderated the above effects. Finally, we discuss the theoretical and practical implications, limitations of our research, and suggestions for future research.
A novel method for the quantification of anlotinib in human plasma using two‐dimensional liquid chromatography
Authors: Li Zhijun , Chen Haisheng , Shi Jing , Wang Feng , Liu Yuguo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA simple, efficient, and stable detection method of two‐dimensional liquid chromatography (2D‐LC) was established and validated to determine anlotinib in the human plasma. The 2D‐LC system comprises a first‐dimensional column (LC1), an intermediate transfer column, and a second‐dimensional column (LC2). With simple protein precipitation treatment, the samples were processed directly for detection. The analysis cycle time was completed within 9.50 min. For the anlotinib concentrations, the calibration curve was linear over the 5.00–320.00 ng/mL range. The intra‐day and inter‐day precision ranges were 0.77–6.22% and 1.92–4.26%, respectively, for anlotinib concentrations. The recoveries were in the range of 97.85–102.50%. A total of 135 plasma samples from 94 patients were analyzed by our method. The plasma concentrations of patients were in the range of 5.17–106.38 ng/mL, in which the female had a higher plasma concentration (6.44–106.38 ng/mL). The simultaneous application of dexamethasone can increase the anlotinib concentration in the plasma. In our clinical application, we found that the factors that affect the plasma concentration include the time and dose of the medication, gender, and drug interactions. The method appears to be sensitive, precise, selective, and suitable for determining the concentration of anlotinib in the plasma sample.
Genetic variation of rs12918566 affects GRIN2A expression and is associated with spontaneous movement response during sevoflurane anesthesia induction
Authors: Chen Ming‐Hua , Fang Chao , Wu Na‐Yiyuan , Xia Yu‐Hao , Zeng You‐Jie , Ouyang Wen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractN‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors mediate excitatory neurotransmission in the nervous system and are preferentially inhibited by general anesthetics such as sevoflurane. Spontaneous movement is a common complication during sevoflurane anesthesia induction and seriously affects operations. In this study, we investigated the relationship between NMDA polymorphisms and spontaneous movement during sevoflurane induction. This prospective clinical study enrolled 393 patients undergoing sevoflurane anesthesia as part of their surgical routine. In the GRIN1, GRIN2A, and GRIN2B genes, 13 polymorphisms that form a heteromeric complex as part of the NMDA receptor were selected using Haploview and genotyped using matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry MassARRAY. Both RNAfold and Genotype‐Tissue Expression portals were used to identify gene expression profiles. Our data showed that 35.8% of subjects exhibited spontaneous movement. The GRIN2A rs12918566 polymorphism was associated with spontaneous movement during sevoflurane induction. A logistic regression analysis of additive, dominant, and recessive models indicated a significant association (odds ratio [OR] (95% confidence limit [CI]): 0.58 (0.42–0.80), p = .00086; OR (95% CI): 0.51 (0.31–0.84), p = .0075, and OR (95% CI): 0.47 (0.27–0.81), p = .0060, respectively). After false discovery rate (FDR) correction, the additive model was still significant with a PFDR =0.010. Bioinformatics demonstrated that the rs12918566 genomic variation affected GRIN2A expression in brain tissue. We also revealed that GRIN2A rs12918566 was significantly associated with spontaneous movement during sevoflurane induction. We believe the NMDA receptor plays an important role in regulating the anesthetic effects of sevoflurane.