bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful modeling of long term outcomes in end‐stage renal disease patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with drug‐eluting stents
Authors: Dunn Aaron N. , Huded Chetan , Raymond Russell , Lincoff A. Michael , Bajzer Christopher , Kapadia Samir , Ellis Stephen G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study is to identify and model risk factors for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and all‐cause mortality among patients with ESRD treated with PCI using DES.BackgroundPatients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) have poor long‐term outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared with non‐ESRD patients. However, there is a paucity of literature regarding risk factors associated with outcomes of ESRD patients after PCI with drug‐eluding stents (DES).MethodsThis retrospective cohort study includes all patients with ESRD who underwent first‐time PCI with DES at a single, high‐volume hospital between 1/1/2005 and 12/31/2015, with follow‐up through 9/1/2019. Primary outcomes were MACE (cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or unplanned revascularization) and all‐cause mortality.ResultsFive‐year MACE was 83.0% and five‐year morality was 77.9% in patients with ESRD (n = 285). Among ESRD patients, factors independently associated with MACE were C‐reactive peptide level, SYNTAX score, peripheral vascular occlusive disease, hemoglobin, and treatment of a restenotic lesion (c‐index = 0.66). Factors independently associated with mortality in ESRD patients were age, SYNTAX score, non‐use of statins at baseline, insulin‐dependent diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), peripheral vascular occlusive disease, and platelet count (c‐index = 0.65).ConclusionsDespite relatively poor 1‐and 5‐year outcomes among ESRD patients after PCI, risk of MACE and mortality among this cohort can be successfully modelled, which meaningfully informs clinicians regarding management of ESRD patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Further investigations are necessary to determine whether or not outcomes might be improved through risk profile modification.
Future culprit detection based on angiography‐derived FFR
Authors: Pagnoni Mattia , Meier David , Candreva Alessandro , Maillard Luc , Adjedj Julien , Collet Carlos , Mahendiran Thabo , Cook Stephane , Mujcinovic Alma , Dupré Marion , Rubimbura Vladimir , Roguelov Christan , Eeckhout Eric , De Bruyne Bernard , Muller Olivier , Fournier Stephane 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesWe sought to characterize the hemodynamic impact of mild coronary artery disease (CAD) using quantitative flow ratio (QFR, an angiography‐derived fractional flow reserve [FFR]) in a population of patients with only non‐significant CAD at baseline that subsequently experienced a myocardial infarction (MI).BackgroundThe discriminatory value of FFR in patients with mild CAD remains imperfect.MethodsWe retrospectively included patients who underwent invasive coronary angiography for an MI, in whom another angiogram had been performed within the previous 5 years. Three‐dimensional quantitative coronary angiography, QFR, and lesion length analysis were conducted on lesions responsible for the MI (future culprit lesions, [FCL]) as well as on control lesions (non‐culprit lesions, [NCL]).ResultsEighty‐three FCL and 117 NCL were analyzed in 83 patients: FCL were more severe (median % diameter of stenosis [DS] 39.1% [29.8; 45.7] vs. 29.8% [25.0; 37.2], p < .001), had lower QFR values (0.94 [0.86; 0.98] vs. 0.98 [0.96; 1.00], p < .001) and tended to be longer (15.2 mm [10.0; 27.3] vs. 12.7 mm [9.3; 22.4], p = .070) than NCL. In lesions with an interval < 2 years between baseline angiography and MI, the difference in QFR was more pronounced compared to the lesions with a longer interval (FCL: 0.92 [0.85; 0.97] vs. NCL: 0.98 [0.94; 1.00], p < .001 and FCL: 0.96 [0.88; 1.00] vs. NCL: 0.98 [0.96;1.00], p = .006 respectively)ConclusionMild coronary stenoses that are subsequently responsible for an MI (FCL) exhibit a higher DS and lower QFR years before the event. Furthermore, FCL with a lower QFR at baseline appear to lead earlier to MI.
Highly Selective Synthesis of Ethanol via CO2 Hydrogenation over CoMoCx Catalysts
Authors: Zhang Huiyu , Han Han , Xiao Linfei , Wu Wei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHydrogenation of CO2 to ethanol is one of the promising and emerging routes for the transformation of CO2 into value‐added chemicals. In the present work, series of CoMoCx catalysts were prepared by using ionic liquids as all‐in‐one precursors and adjusted the proportional and electronic properties of CoMoCx catalysts by modifying carburization temperature, the efficiency of CO2 to ethanol hydrogenation was optimized. Under the optimal reaction conditions (180 °C and 2 MPa), the selectivity of ethanol reached 97.4 %, and the yield of ethanol arrived at 0.528 mmolgcat.−1h−1. In situ DRIFTS results revealed that a nucleophilic attack on the carbon of CH3O* by a formyl to form ethanol.
Excitation of Radical Anions of Naphthalene Diimides in Consecutive‐ and Electro‐Photocatalysis**
Authors: Caby Sofia , Bouchet Lydia M. , Argüello Juan E. , Rossi Roberto A. , Bardagi Javier I. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBoth photo‐ and electrochemical transformations represent excellent opportunities for the development of environmentally friendly methodologies which, if combined, would result in improved methodologies. Thus, we present here a family of naphthalene diimide photocatalysts comparing a “pure” photochemical and an electro‐photochemical transformation; by means of a C−H substitution in (hetero)aromatic systems with C−C bond formation. We identify a system that has the potential to be applied in both approaches with minor changes in the reaction conditions and recognize the excitation of radical anion of naphthalene diimides as the key event. Both approaches produce similar yields and reaction rates, although a consecutive photoinduced electron transfer (conPET) process shows in principle a simpler setup and more tolerance to a poor catalyst solubility, the electro‐PET process improves selectivity and gives more room for optimization. The more accessible “pure” photochemical approach could be used as an initial assessment for photocatalytic transformation and electro‐photocatalytic transformation.
Distorted Porphyrins with High Stability: Synthesis and Characteristic Electronic Properties of Mono‐ and Di‐Nuclear Tricarbonyl Rhenium Tetraazaporphyrin Complexes
Authors: Wang Mengfei , Murata Kei , Ishii Kazuyuki 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMono‐ and di‐nuclear tricarbonyl Re(I) tetraazaporphyrin complexes (Re1TAP and Re2TAP) are investigated and compared with Re(I) phthalocyanine complexes (Re1Pc and Re2Pc). Although Re2Pc is unstable in polar solvents, and easily undergoes demetallation reaction, the coordination of the TAP ligand significantly improves the tolerance toward polar solvents, affording more stability to Re2TAP. Additionally, the incorporation of [Re(CO)3]+ unit(s) and the TAP ligand results in remarkable positive shifts in both oxidation and reduction potentials. Consequently, the more positive oxidation potentials of the ReTAP complexes significantly increase the tolerance toward oxidation, while the reduction potential indicates that Re2TAP is suitable for a soluble electron acceptor. In contrast to Re1Pc and Re2Pc, Re1TAP and Re2TAP show unique broad Q bands, which can be attributed to the admixture of the π‐π* and metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer characters, owing to the lowered π orbital energy in the TAP complexes. This study is useful for controlling electronic properties and realizing high stability in Pc analogues.
Combining data assimilation and machine learning to build data‐driven models for unknown long time dynamics—Applications in cardiovascular modeling
Authors: Regazzoni Francesco , Chapelle Dominique , Moireau Philippe 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe propose a method to discover differential equations describing the long‐term dynamics of phenomena featuring a multiscale behavior in time, starting from measurements taken at the fast‐scale. Our methodology is based on a synergetic combination of data assimilation (DA), used to estimate the parameters associated with the known fast‐scale dynamics, and machine learning (ML), used to infer the laws underlying the slow‐scale dynamics. Specifically, by exploiting the scale separation between the fast and the slow dynamics, we propose a decoupling of time scales that allows to drastically lower the computational burden. Then, we propose a ML algorithm that learns a parametric mathematical model from a collection of time series coming from the phenomenon to be modeled. Moreover, we study the interpretability of the data‐driven models obtained within the black‐box learning framework proposed in this paper. In particular, we show that every model can be rewritten in infinitely many different equivalent ways, thus making intrinsically ill‐posed the problem of learning a parametric differential equation starting from time series. Hence, we propose a strategy that allows to select a unique representative model in each equivalence class, thus enhancing the interpretability of the results. We demonstrate the effectiveness and noise‐robustness of the proposed methods through several test cases, in which we reconstruct several differential models starting from time series generated through the models themselves. Finally, we show the results obtained for a test case in the cardiovascular modeling context, which sheds light on a promising field of application of the proposed methods.
Towards Carbon‐Neutral Methanol Production from Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction
Authors: Zhang Shuzhen , Jing Xuechen , Wang Yuhang , Li Fengwang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractElectrochemical conversion of CO2 into liquid fuels and chemicals powered by renewable energy is a promising method to reduce concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. Methanol, a value‐added fuel and raw industrial material, can potentially derive from CO2 electroreduction. However, this route has been plagued by insufficient selectivity, activity, and efficiency. This review summarizes recent advances of electrochemical CO2‐to‐methanol conversion, highlighting mechanistic studies, materials innovations, and reactor designs that aim for improving selectivity, activity, and efficiency of the reaction. The potential challenges and prospects are discussed to guide future advances of this emerging field.
Synthesis of Snowman‐shaped Photocatalytic Microrotors and Mechanical Micropumps
Authors: Lv Xiaomeng , Du Sinan , Zhou Chao , Wang Wei , Wang Huaguang , Zhang Zexin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe synthesize snowman‐shaped microrotors that are composed of TiO2and SiO2particles fused together and half‐coated with Au. The microrotors rotate in the presence of fuel and UV light and the rotation speed is readily modulated by the fuel concentration and the light intensity. Such a microrotor can be transformed into a mechanical micropump that hydrodynamically, rather than electrokinetically, pumps nearby fluids and particles, with a pump power that scales linearly with its rotation speed. This work thereby opens up a new way for the study of microrotors as micropumps.
Memory stem T cells modified with a redesigned CD30‐chimeric antigen receptor show an enhanced antitumor effect in Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Alvarez‐Fernández Carmen , Escribà‐Garcia Laura , Caballero AC , Escudero‐López Eva , Ujaldón‐Miró Cristina , Montserrat‐Torres Rosanna , Pujol‐Fernández Paula , Sierra Jorge , Briones Javier 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesAdoptive cell therapy (ACT) with mature T cells modified with a chimeric antigen receptor has demonstrated improved outcome for B‐cell malignancies. However, its application for others such as Hodgkin lymphoma remains a clinical challenge. CD30 antigen, expressed in Hodgkin lymphoma cells, is absent in most healthy tissues, representing an ideal target of ACT for this disease. Despite that, efficacy of CD30‐chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells for Hodgkin lymphoma remains modest. Here, we have developed and tested a novel CD30‐CAR T to improve efficacy of CD30‐CAR therapy, using a targeting epitope within the non‐cleavable part of CD30 receptor, and memory stem T cells (TSCM) to improve engraftment, persistence and antitumor activity.MethodsTSCM‐like cultures were generated and expanded ex vivo and transduced at day 1 or 2 with a lentiviral vector encoding the CD30‐CAR. Therapeutic in vivo experiments were performed using NSG mice injected with L540 (sc) or L428 (iv) and treated with CD30‐CAR T cells when the tumor was established.ResultsCD30‐CAR TSCM‐like cells generated and expanded ex vivo, despite CD30 expression and fratricide killing of CD30+ CAR T cells, were not impaired by soluble CD30 and completely eradicated Hodgkin lymphoma in vivo, showing high persistence and long‐lasting immunity. In addition, highly enriched CD30‐CAR TSCM‐like products confer a survival advantage in vivo, in contrast to more differentiated CAR T cells, with higher tumor infiltration and enhanced antitumor effect.ConclusionThis study supports the use of a refined CD30‐CAR T cells with highly enriched TSCM‐like products to improve clinical efficacy of CAR T for Hodgkin lymphoma.
Land‐use intensity and biodiversity effects on infiltration capacity and hydraulic conductivity of grassland soils in southern Germany
Authors: Leimer Sophia , Berner Doreen , Birkhofer Klaus , Boeddinghaus Runa S. , Fischer Markus , Kandeler Ellen , Kuka Katrin , Marhan Sven , Prati Daniel , Schäfer Deborah , Schöning Ingo , Solly Emily F. , Wolters Volkmar , Wilcke Wolfgang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEvidence from experimental and established grasslands indicates that plant biodiversity can modify the water cycle. One suspected mechanism behind this is a higher infiltration capacity (νB) and hydraulic conductivity (K) of the soil on species‐rich grasslands. However, in established and agriculturally managed grasslands, biodiversity effects cannot be studied independent of land‐use effects. Therefore, we investigated in established grassland systems how land‐use intensity and associated biodiversity of plants and soil animals affect νB and K at and close to saturation. On 50 grassland plots along a land‐use intensity gradient in the Biodiversity Exploratory Schwäbische Alb, Germany, we measured νB with a hood infiltrometer at several matrix potentials and calculated the saturated and unsaturated K. We statistically analysed the relationship between νB or K and land‐use information (e.g., fertilising intensity), abiotic (e.g., soil texture) and biotic data (e.g., plant species richness, earthworm abundance). Land‐use intensity decreased and plant species richness increased νB and K, while the direction of the effects of soil animals was inconsistent. The effect of land‐use intensity on νB and K was mainly attributable to its negative effect on plant species richness. Our results demonstrate that plant species richness was a better predictor of νB and K at and close to saturation than land‐use intensity or soil physical properties in the established grassland systems of the Schwäbische Alb.
Modeling pedestrian group behavior in crowd evacuations
Authors: Turgut Yakup , Bozdag Cafer Erhan 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARYMany models have been developed in recent years to describe pedestrian group behavior. Most prior research on group behavior focuses mainly on small groups and does not provide a general approach for grouping pedestrians with respect to different group sizes. They also analyze pedestrian group dynamics in normal circumstances. However, people's reactions who are aware of an emergency are not the same as how they respond to normal or usual situations. The central focus of this paper is to study pedestrian group behavior during evacuation. To accomplish these objectives, a new model is proposed with some extensions of a social force model in its emergency context. The new extensions are intended to simulate the single leader‐centered and group‐centered crowd behavior in emergencies. Besides small pedestrian groups, larger ones are also considered, and extensions are added in this direction. The model is calibrated using the results of an existing experimental study. Then, the model is verified by testing for the occurrence of certain emergent patterns. The results indicate that the proposed model can capture these trends. Additionally, the model is validated by comparing the simulation results with experimental results available in the literature. Also, several different evacuation scenarios are used to evaluate the proposed model. The simulation results show that leader‐centered behavior performs better than group‐centered behavior with respect to the evacuation time for small groups. The number of leaders also affects the evacuation time. Moreover, an increase in the number of leaders positively influences the effect of the width of the door on evacuation time, but the size of this effect depends on the number of leaders. Finally, group‐centered behavior results in less evacuation time than leader‐centered behavior in the presence of multiple exits, and leader‐centered (also called single leader‐centered in this study) behavior causes a more unbalanced use of the exits than group‐centered behavior.
The impact of increased outpatient telehealth during COVID‐19: Retrospective analysis of patient survey and routine activity data from a major healthcare system in England
Authors: Tyler Joshua M.B. , Pratt Adrian C. , Wooster Job , Vasilakis Christos , Wood Richard M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn response to societal restrictions due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, a significant proportion of physical outpatient consultations were replaced with virtual appointments within the Bristol, North Somerset and South Gloucestershire healthcare system. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of this change in informing the potential viability of a longer‐term shift to telehealth in the outpatient setting. A retrospective analysis was performed using data from the first COVID‐19 wave, comprising 2998 telehealth patient surveys and 143,321 distinct outpatient contacts through both the physical and virtual medium. Four in five specialities showed no significant change in the overall number of consultations per patient during the first wave of the pandemic when telehealth services were widely implemented. Of those surveyed following virtual consultation, more respondents ‘preferred’ virtual (36.4%) than physical appointments (26.9%) with seven times as many finding them ‘less stressful’ than ‘more stressful’. In combining both patient survey and routine activity data, this study demonstrates the importance of using data from multiple sources to derive useful insight. The results support the potential for telehealth to be rapidly employed across a range of outpatient specialities without negatively affecting patient experience.
Counterfactual analysis under partial identification using locally robust refinement
Authors: Canen Nathan , Song Kyungchul 
Published: April 2021

SummaryStructural models that admit multiple reduced forms, such as game‐theoretic models with multiple equilibria, pose challenges in practice, especially when parameters are set identified and the identified set is large. In such cases, researchers often choose to focus on a particular subset of equilibria for counterfactual analysis, but this choice can be hard to justify. This paper shows that some parameter values can be more “desirable” than others for counterfactual analysis, even if they are empirically equivalent given the data. In particular, within the identified set, some counterfactual predictions can exhibit more robustness than others against local perturbations of the reduced forms (e.g., the equilibrium selection rule). We provide a representation of this subset, which can be used to simplify the implementation. We illustrate our message using moment inequality models and provide an empirical application based on a model with top coded data.
Rutin restrains the growth and metastasis of mouse breast cancer cells by regulating the microRNA‐129‐1‐3p‐mediated calcium signaling pathway
Authors: Li Qi , Xu Dongsheng , Gu Zehui , Li Tengteng , Huang Peng , Ren Liqun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBreast cancer is a common malignancy that is highly lethal. Due to the poor prognosis, more effective and efficient treatment methods are urgently needed. Rutin (RUT) is a traditional Chinese medicine reported to have a variety of pharmacological properties, including anticancer properties. However, the effects of RUT on breast cancer and its underlying molecular mechanism of action remain unclear. In the present study, we observed a significant downregulation of microRNA (miR)−129‐1‐3p in mouse breast cancer cells (4T1) compared with the expression in mouse normal breast epithelial cells (HC11). We also found that RUT could increase the expression of miR‐129‐1‐3p in 4T1 cells and suppress cell proliferation. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of action of RUT, miR‐129‐1‐3p mimics and its inhibitor were transfected into 4T1 cells. miR‐129‐1‐3p overexpression could inhibit the proliferation, invasion, migration, and calcium overload of mouse breast cancer cells and also enhance apoptosis, whereas miR‐129‐1‐3p knockdown had the opposite effects. Taken together, cell‐based experiments indicated that RUT restrains the growth of mouse breast cancer cells by regulating the miR‐129‐1‐3p/Ca2+ signaling pathway. This study also revealed the inhibitory effect of RUT on breast cancer cells at the noncoding RNA level and provided a theoretical foundation for the application of RUT as a drug to inhibit tumor growth.
Emergence of immunosuppressive LOX-1+ PMN-MDSC in septic shock and severe COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Coudereau Rémy , Waeckel Louis , Cour Martin , Rimmele Thomas , Pescarmona Rémi , Fabri Astrid , Jallades Laurent , Yonis Hodane , Gossez Morgane , Lukaszewicz Anne-Claire , Argaud Laurent ,   he RICO study group, Venet Fabienne , Monneret Guillaume 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMyeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells with immunosuppressive properties. In cancer patients, the expression of lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1) on granulocytic MDSC identifies a subset of MDSC that retains the most potent immunosuppressive properties. The main objective of the present work was to explore the presence of LOX-1+ MDSC in bacterial and viral sepsis. To this end, whole blood LOX-1+ cells were phenotypically, morphologically, and functionally characterized. They were monitored in 39 coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19, viral sepsis) and 48 septic shock (bacterial sepsis) patients longitudinally sampled five times over a 3 wk period in intensive care units (ICUs). The phenotype, morphology, and immunosuppressive functions of LOX-1+ cells demonstrated that they were polymorphonuclear MDSC. In patients, we observed the significant emergence of LOX-1+ MDSC in both groups. The peak of LOX-1+ MDSC was 1 wk delayed with respect to ICU admission. In COVID-19, their elevation was more pronounced in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. The persistence of these cells may contribute to long lasting immunosuppression leaving the patient unable to efficiently resolve infections.