bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Impairment In Stable Wilson Disease Across Phenotype.
Authors: Kirk Frederik Teicher , Munk Ditte Emilie , Laursen Tea Lund , Vilstrup Hendrik , Ott Peter , Grønbæk Henning , Lauridsen Mette Munk , Sandahl Thomas Damgaard 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: In Wilson disease (WD), mutations in the gene encoding the ATP7B copper transport protein causes accumulation of copper especially in liver and brain. WD typically presents with hepatic and/or neuropsychiatric symptoms. Impaired cognition is a well-described feature in patients neurological WD, while the reports on cognition in hepatic WD patients are fewer and less conclusive. We examined cognition in a cohort of WD patients with both phenotypes. Methods: In this cross-sectional pilot study, we investigated cognition in 28 stable Danish WD patients by portosystemic encephalopathy (PSE) and continuous reaction time (CRT) tests. Half of the patients were female and median age was 35.5 years (IQR 24.5). The phenotype was hepatic in 14 (50%), neurologic in 10 (36%) and mixed in 4 4 (14%). The duration of treatment was >2 year in all patients, and the condition stable as judged by urinary copper excretion, liver enzymes, and clinical assessment.Results: In total, 16 (57%) patients performed worse than normal in the PSE and/or CRT tests. The two tests correlated (rho=0.60, p=0.0007) with each other, but neither correlated with phenotype, MELD-, Child-Pugh score, 24h-U-Cu, or treatment type.Conclusion: Measurable cognitive impairment was present in more than half of the stable WD patients independent of phenotype. Thus, our data questions the existence of a purely hepatic phenotype.
Possible Enzymatic Mechanism Underlying Chemical Tolerance and Characteristics of Tolerant Population in Scapholeberis Kingi
Authors: Ishimota Makoto , Kodama Mebuki , Tomiyama Naruto 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
To determine the potential effects of pesticides on aquatic organisms inhabiting a realistic environment, we explored the characteristics and mechanisms of chemical tolerance in Scapholeberis kingi. We established a chemical-tolerant population via continuous exposure to pirimicarb, an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, and examined the effects of pirimicarb concentration on the intrinsic growth rates (r) of tolerant cladocerans. We also explored the association between r and feeding rate and tested the involvement of antioxidant enzymes [peroxidase (PO) and superoxide dismutase] and AChE in pirimicarb sensitivity. S. kingi was continuously exposed to sublethal pirimicarb concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, and 10 µg/L) for 15 generations and changes (half maximal effective concentration at 48 h, 48 h-EC50) in chemical sensitivity were investigated. In the F14 generation, the sensitivity of the 10 µg/L group was three times lower than that of the control group, suggesting the acquisition of chemical tolerance. Moreover, r was significantly and negatively correlated with 48 h-EC50, suggesting a fitness cost for tolerance. Surprisingly, there was no significant correlation between r and feeding rate. Our generalized linear model indicated that elevated PO activity may be related to chemical tolerance. Therefore, oxidative stress regulation may be involved in the acquisition of chemical tolerance in cladocerans. These findings will help elucidate the characteristics and mechanisms of chemical tolerance in aquatic organisms inhabiting a realistic environment.
A Salt-free and Water-saving Approach as a Green Alternative to Conventional Reactive Dyeing of Cotton
Authors: Wei Yimin , Jiang Zhe , Zhang Ning , Wang Qiang , Wang Ping , Yu Yuanyuan , Zhou Man 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aqueous reactive dyeing of cotton is considered to be environmentally unfriendly owing to its high consumption of water and salt as well as large discharge of wastewater. However, the industrial applications of current alternative dyeing technologies are difficult to realize due to different problems such as poor dyeing quality, environmental pollution and high cost. Herein, we developed a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (HDES) dyeing approach using natural thymol-menthol to overcome the problems caused by reactive dyeing of cotton. HDES dyeing approach could achieve excellent dyeing properties of cotton by optimizing water content, pick-up and concentration of alkali solution. Dye fixation kinetics of HDES dyeing system was studied based on Lagergren pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order dynamics models, compared with aqueous dyeing system. The cotton fabrics dyed in Thy-Men system exhibited excellent levelness, satisfactory colorfastness and color strength without addition of salt. Furthermore, HDES can be reused for 5 cycles of dyeing and the dyed fabrics displayed consistently high color strength values. This dyeing approach provides substantial reduction in wastewater emission and consumption of freshwater and chemicals, which has considerable potential for promoting cleaner production in the textile industry.
Higher Versus Lower Positive End-Expiratory Pressure in Patients Without Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Pettenuzzo Tommaso , Boscolo Annalisa , De Cassai Alessandro , Sella Nicolò , Zarantonello Francesco , Persona Paolo , Pasin Laura , Landoni Giovanni , Navalesi Paolo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the association of higher positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), as opposed to lower PEEP, with hospital mortality in adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation for reasons other than acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods: We performed an electronic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, and Web of Science from inception until December 18, 2020 with no language restrictions. In addition, a research-in-progress database and grey literature were searched. Results: We identified 22 RCTs (2225 patients) comparing higher PEEP (1007 patients) with lower PEEP (991 patients). No statistically significant association between higher PEEP and hospital mortality was observed (risk ratio 1.02, 95% confidence interval 0.89-1.16; I2 = 0%, p = 0.62; low certainty of evidence). Among secondary outcomes, higher PEEP was associated with better oxygenation, higher respiratory system compliance, and lower risk of hypoxemia and ARDS occurrence. Furthermore, barotrauma, hypotension, duration of ventilation, lengths of stay, and ICU mortality were similar between the two groups. Conclusions: In our meta-analysis of RCTs, higher PEEP, compared with lower PEEP, was not associated with mortality or duration of ventilation in patients without ARDS receiving invasive mechanical ventilation, despite being associated with improved oxygenation and lower occurrence of ARDS.
Analytic Exploration of Safe Basins in a Benchmark Problem of Forced Escape
Authors: Karmi Gleb , Kravetc Pavel , Gendelman Oleg 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The paper presents an analytic approach for predicting the safe basins (SB) in a plane of initial conditions (IC) for escape of classical particle from the potential well under harmonic forcing. The solution is based on the approximation of isolated resonance, which reduces the dynamics to conservative flow on a two-dimensional resonance manifold (RM). Such a reduction allows easy distinction between escaping and non-escaping ICs. As a benchmark potential, we choose a common parabolic-quartic well with truncation at varying energy levels. The method allows accurate predictions of the SB boundaries for relatively low forcing amplitudes. The derived SBs demonstrate an unexpected set of properties, including decomposition into two disjoint zones in the IC plane for a certain range of parameters. The latter peculiarity stems from two qualitatively different escape mechanisms on the RM. For higher forcing values, the accuracy of the analytic predictions decreases to some extent due to the inaccuracies of the basic isolated resonance approximation, but mainly due to the erosion of the SB boundaries caused by the secondary resonances. Nevertheless, even in this case the analytic approximation can serve as a viable initial guess for subsequent numeric estimation of the SB boundaries.
A novel distinct genetic variant of tomato torrado virus with substantially shorter RNA1-specific 3'untranslated region (3'UTR)
Authors: Budziszewska Marta , Wieczorek Przemysław , Obrępalska-Stęplowska Aleksandra 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Tomato torrado virus (ToTV) induces severe systemic necrosis in Solanum lycopersicum. This work aimed at describing the genetic variability of necrosis-inducing ToTV-Wal'17 collected in the 2017 year, derived from the ToTV-Wal'03 after long-term passages in plant. Sequence analyses of the ToTV-Wal`17 indicated twenty-eight single nucleotide substitutions in coding sequence of both RNAs, twelve of which resulted in amino acid changes in viral polyproteins. Moreover the sequencing data revealed that the 3'UTR of ToTV-Wal'17 RNA1 was 394 nts shorter in comparison to Wal'03. The performed sequence analyses pointed that 3'UTR of RNA1of ToTV-Wal'17 is the most divergent across all previously described European isolates.
Gelsolin Impairs Barrier Function in Pancreatic Ductal Epithelial Cells by Actin Filament Depolymerization in Hypertriglyceridemia-Induced Pancreatitis in Vitro
Authors: yang huiying , Liang Zhihai , Xie Jinlian , Wu Qing , Qin Yingying , Zhang Shiyu , Tang Guodu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Gelsolin (GSN) is a calcium-regulated actin-binding protein that can sever actin filaments. Actin dynamics affects the function and integrity of epithelial barriers. This study investigated the role of GSN on barrier function in pancreatic ductal epithelial cells (PDECs) in hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis (HTGP).The human PDEC cell line HPDE6-C7 was silenced for GSN and treated with caerulein (CAE) + triglycerides (TG). Intracellular calcium levels and the actin filament network were analyzed under a fluorescence microscope. The expression of GSN, E-cadherin, nectin-2, ZO-1, and occludin was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Ultrastructural changes in tight junctions (TJs) were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The permeability of PDECs was analyzed by fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran fluorescence. The results showed that CAE + TG increased intracellular calcium levels, actin filament depolymerization, and GSN expression, and increased PDEC permeability by decreasing the expression of E-cadherin, nectin-2, ZO-1, and occludin compared with CAE alone. Moreover, changes in these markers, except for intracellular calcium levels, were reversed by silencing GSN. Based on these results, it can be concluded that GSN disrupts barrier function in PDECs by causing actin filament depolymerization in HTGP in vitro.
Genetic and Morpho-Agronomic Characterization of Sicilian Tetraploid Wheat Germplasm
Authors: Sicilia Angelo , Anastasi Umberto , Bizzini Michele , Montemagno Stefania , Nicotra Carmelo , Blangiforti Sebastiano , Spina Alfio , Cosentino Salvatore , Piero Angela Roberta Lo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cereal landraces are a very valuable resource in contemporary agriculture. A renewed focus for breeding purposes could ameliorate some negative consequences of modern agriculture and conventional breeding, such as the loss of genetic diversity. A strategy combining molecular genotyping and characterization of morpho-agronomic traits related to productivity is proposed to assess a group of tetraploid wheat landraces named “Bufala”, historically cultivated in the mountain areas of Sicily and used for the production of a traditional bread type locally appreciated. A total of 55 SSR molecular markers were used to detect pattern of diversity for 30 rivet and durum wheat genotypes. Furthermore, phenotyping was than conducted for 8 morpho-agronomic traits. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC), STRUCTURE and phylogenetical analysis allowed to identify three groups, two of them genetically close and including both “Bufala” and “Bufala-related” rivet landraces. To the third group old and more recent durum wheat varieties, constituting the outgroup, were assigned. Clustering was confirmed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Finally, a correlation analysis showed as “Bufala” genotypes are characterized by lower ear density compared with the other studied genotypes, a major ear length and a later earing time. The generated knowledge about the levels of diversity and population structure could be an important contribution for parent selection in tetraploid wheat breeding programs in order to define a plant ideotype suitable for low-input and organic cropping systems, as well as for germplasm conservation and management.
HER2 Phenotyping of CTCs By Peptide-Functionalized Nanoparticles As The Diagnostic Biomarkers of Anti-HER2 Treatment in Breast Cancer
Authors: Wang Mengting , Liu Yaxin , Shao Bin , Liu Xiaoran , Wang Chen , Li Huiping , Zhu Ling , Li Ping , Yang Yanlian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: The efficacy of anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) treatment is impacted by tissue-based evaluation bias due to tumor heterogeneity and dynamic changes of HER2 in breast cancer. Circulating tumor cell (CTC)-based HER2 phenotyping provides an integral and real-time assessment, benefiting accurate HER2 diagnosis for improved therapeutics.Methods: The study was exploratory. Fifty-four breast cancer patients, including 26 histopathologic HER2/neu-positive (Histo-HER2/neu+) and 28 HER2/neu-negative (Histo-HER2/neu+), were enrolled for blood draws before a new line of treatment. We used peptide-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles to isolate CTCs from 2.0 mL whole blood and determined HER2 phenotypes of the enriched CTCs by immunocytochemistry (ICC). We investigated the correlation of the enumeration and HER2 phenotyping on baseline CTCs with the diagnosis, the prognosis, and the efficacy of the trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapeutic agents of breast cancer. We also explored the dynamic change of HER2 phenotypes on CTCs after the combination therapy in a cohort of Histo-HER2/neu+ individuals (n = 14).Results: We achieved high-efficient detection of the CTC-positive cases (≥ 3 CTCs) (38/54, 70.4%), from whom 71.1% (27/38) had a concordant HER2 status on CTCs and tumor tissues at baseline. Pretheraputic CTC enumeration showed a significant correlation with the histopathologic diagnosis (e.g. estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor (ER/PR) status or proliferation of cancer cells) and the progression-free survival/overall survival (PFS/OS) of breast cancer. However, it was not a practicable biomarker to predict the efficacy of the trastuzumab-based combination therapy. In contrast, we demonstrated a significantly higher possibility of good overall responses in the patients with < 3 CTCs (P = 0.006) or with HER2 overexpression in CTCs (CTC-HER2+) at baseline, as compared to the individuals without HER2 overexpression in CTCs (CTC-HER2–) (P = 0.028).Conclusions: We demonstrate the significance of the peptide-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle in noninvasive detection and HER2 phenotyping of CTCs, and highlight its diagnostic and prognostic values for the patients about to start the anti-HER2 treatment.
Co-fertilization of Silicon and Phosphorus influenced the Dry Matter Accumulation, Grain Yield, Nutrient Uptake, and Nutrient-Use Efficiencies of Aerobic Rice
Authors: Jinger Dinesh , Dhar Shiva , Dass Anchal , Sharma VK , Paramesh Venkatesh , Parihar Manoj , Joshi Ekta , Singhal Vibha , Gupta Gaurendra , Prasad Dasharath , Vijayakumar S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Rice is known to be a nutrient exhaustive crop and the application of silicon (Si) has been reported for the better utilization of plant nutrients from the soil. Hence, the response of the plant to phosphorus (P) could be enhanced by co-fertilization of Si and P. The present study evaluates the dry matter production (DMP), grain yield, nutrients uptake, and nutrient-use efficiency (NUE) of Si and P application in aerobic rice (AR). Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi, India in a factorial randomized block design (FRBD), the treatments comprised four levels of Si (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg Si ha–1) and P (0, 30, 60, and 90 kg P2O5 ha–1) application. The results revealed the significant effect of Si and P application on DMA, grain yield, and nutrient uptake in AR. The highest DMP and grain yield of AR was found with the combination of 120 kg Si and 90 kg P2O5 ha–1 closely followed by the combination of 80 kg Si and 60 kg P2O5 ha–1. The rate of increase in DMP due to different doses of Si and P ranged between 7.6–25.6% over control. A strong positive relationship was observed between different doses of Si and P and concentrations and uptakes of different nutrients, barring zinc (Zn). Application of Si and P elevated the grain concentration of Si, nitrogen (N), P, and potassium (K) by 25, 16.5, 47, and 25%, respectively, over control. Overall, the addition of Si and P application in nutrient management could increase the productivity and NUE of AR.
Effect of Customized Insoles on Gait in Post-stroke Hemiparetic Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wang Jie , Qiao Lei , Yu Long , Wang Yanmin , Zhang Ying , Fu Weijie 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Insoles were considered to be a beneficial adjunctive treatment option for gait rehabilitation, which could provide a proper basic support for walking. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of customized insoles (Jiangsu Suyun Medical Equipment Co. Ltd, Jiangsu, China) on the gait of patients with hemiplegia.Methods: This randomized controlled trial was set in the rehabilitation department of a hospital. A total of 50 stroke patients were randomized into an experimental group (n=25) or a control group (n=25). Both groups received 40-min conventional gait training, which was conducted 5 times a week, for 4 weeks and patients in the experimental group were required to wear customized insoles for at least 1 h per day for 4 weeks. The primary outcome measure was Tinetti Gait Scale (TGS), which was assessed three times(baseline[T0], 4 weeks from baseline[T1] and 4 weeks after completion of the intervention[T2]), and the secondary outcome measures were the plantar pressure test, 6-min walking test (6MWT), Lower Extremity Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA-LE), Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Barthel Index (BI), which was assessed twice(baseline[T0] and 4 weeks from baseline[T1]).Results: Compared to the control group, there were significant increases in the experimental group after 4 weeks(P = 0.014) and 4 weeks follow-up(P = 0.001) in the change of TGS, weight-bearing on the involved side (P = 0.012) or forefoot (P =0.028) when standing, weight-bearing on the involved side (P = 0.016) or forefoot (P = 0.043) when walking, early stance phase (P = 0.023) and mid stance phase (P = 0.013) on the involved side, FMA-LE (P = 0.029), BBS (P = 0.005) and BI (P = 0.009), but no difference in late stance phase (P = 0.472) on the involved side when walking and in the 6MWT (P = 0.069).Conclusions: Customized insoles had great efficacy in enhancing gait performance.Clinical Trial Registration: ChiCTR1900024843.Registered 30 July 2019，http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=41003&htm=4.
Effect of skin–capsular distance on controlled attenuation parameter for diagnosing liver steatosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Kimura Syunichiro , Tanaka Kenichi , Oeda Satoshi , Inoue Kaori , Inadomi Chika , Kubotsu Yoshihito , Yoshioka Wataru , Okada Michiaki , Isoda Hiroshi , Kuwashiro Takuya , Akiyama Takumi , Kurashige Aya , Oshima Ayaka , Oshima Mayumi , Matsumoto Yasue , Kawaguchi Atsushi , Anzai Keizo , Sueoka Eisaburo , Aishima Shinichi , Takahashi Hirokazu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
The effect of the skin–capsular distance (SCD) on the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) for diagnosis of liver steatosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unclear.
Methods
The SCD was measured using B-mode ultrasound, and the CAP was measured using the M probe of FibroScan®. According to the indications of the M probe, 113 patients with an SCD of ≤ 25 mm were included in the present study. The association between the SCD and CAP was investigated, and the diagnostic performance of the SCD-adjusted CAP was tested.
Results
The SCD showed the most significant positive correlation with the CAP (ρ = 0.329, p < 0.001). In the multiple regression analysis, the SCD was associated with the CAP independent of pathological liver steatosis. The adjusted CAP was calculated as follows: adjusted CAP (dB/m) = CAP − (5.26 × SCD). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for diagnosis of a steatosis score ≥ 2 was significantly greater for the adjusted CAP than original CAP.
Conclusions
The SCD is associated with the CAP independent of liver steatosis. Adjustment of the CAP using the SCD improves the diagnostic performance of the CAP in NAFLD.
Epigenetic Quantification of Circulating Immune Cells in Peripheral Blood of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer patients
Authors: Manoochehri Mehdi , Hielscher Thomas , Borhani Nasim , Gerhäuser Clarissa , Fletcher Olivia , Swerdlow Anthony J , Ko Yon-Dschun , Brauch Hiltrud , Brüning Thomas , Hamann Ute 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: A shift in the proportions of blood immune cells is a hallmark of cancer development. Here, we investigated whether methylation-derived immune cell type ratios and methylation-derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios (mdNLRs) are associated with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Methods: Leukocyte subtype-specific un/methylated CpG sites were selected and methylation levels at these sites used as proxies for immune cell type proportions and mdNLR estimation in 231 TNBC cases and 231 age-matched controls. Data were validated using the Houseman deconvolution method. Additionally, the natural killer (NK) cell ratio was measured in a prospective sample set of 146 TNBC cases and 146 age-matched controls. Results: The mdNLRs were higher in TNBC cases compared with controls and associated with TNBC (odds ratio (OR) range (2.66-4.29), all Padj.<1e-04). A higher neutrophil ratio and lower ratios of NK cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, monocytes, and B cells were associated with TNBC. The strongest association was observed with decreased NK cell ratio (OR range (1.28-1.42), all Padj.<1e-04). The NK cell ratio was also significantly lower in pre-diagnostic samples of TNBC cases compared with controls (P=0.019).Conclusion: This immunomethylomic study shows that a shift in the ratios/proportions of leukocyte subtypes is associated with TNBC, with decreased NK cell showing the strongest association. These findings improve our knowledge of the role of the immune system in TNBC and point to the possibility of using NK cell level as a non-invasive molecular marker for TNBC risk assessment, early detection, and prevention.