bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El uso de la tecnología en la agricultura
Authors: Carpio Santos Lisi Katherine 
Published: June 2021

El presente artículo pretender dar a conocer la evolución que ha tenido la agricultura en la utilización de herramientas tecnológicas, y como la misma ha servido de ayuda para la mano de obra, y rendimiento agrícola, además se resalta la importancia que tiene la tecnología en la generación de competitividad en la producción y comercialización agrícola tanto en el mercado local y nacional; es decir el principal objetivo de esta investigación es de explorar como la aplicación de tecnologías puede ayudar a mejorar la producción de la agricultura y aumentar la seguridad alimentaria de los agricultores, hay que mencionar que el origen de este trabajo investigativo nace por la aparición de un nuevo paradigma tecnológico como influencia en la agricultura a nivel mundial, donde se analiza el impacto que tiene la mecanización, la automatización y la presencia de las TICS en la producción agrícola. La investigación bibliográfica a presentar aborda diferentes aspectos como el surgimiento y aparición de la tecnología como arma de desarrollo en la agricultura.
Development and Optimization of Proniosomal Gel Containing Etodolac: In-vitro, Ex-vivo and In-vivo Evaluation
Authors: Patil Moreshwar , Pandit Prashant , Udavant Pavan , Sonawane Sandeep , Bhambere Deepak 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Etodolac is used in the treatment of acute pain and inflammation. It has low solubility because of high hydrophobicity and it is reported that upon oral administration shows gastric disturbances. This encourages the development of topical vesicular formulation.
Method: In this work we used coacervation-phase separation method for the development of etodolac loaded vesicular system by using non-ionic surfactants, cholesterol and soya lecithin. Central composite design (rotatble) was used to optimize the concentrations of soy lecithin, surfactant and cholesterol. The prepared formulations were characterized by number of vesicles formed, vesicle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, in-vitro permeation, ex-vivo permeation and anti-inflammatory study.
Results: Etodolac was successfully entrapped in all formulations having efficiency in the range of 74.36% to 90.85%, which was more at 4 °C than room temperature. When hydrated with water; niosome in the range of 54 to 141 (per cubic mm) were spontaneously produced. The results of in-vitro diffusion study revealed that etodolac was released in the range of 71.86 to 97.16% over a period of 24 hrs. The average vesicle size of optimized formulation was found 211.9 nm with PDI of 0.5. The observed responses i.e. % encapsulation efficiency and drug release were 74.12 and 95.08 respectively. The zeta potential was -19.4mV revealed the stability of formulation which was further confirmed by no changes in drug content and drug release after stability studies. The % inhibition in paw volume was 40.52% and 43.61% for test and marketed proniosomal gel.
Conclusion: Proniosomal gel formulation was stable and could enhance skin delivery of etodolac because of excellent permeation capability of vesicular system.
The Association Between ABO Blood Group and Preeclampsia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Ting , Wang Yixiao , Wu Lan , Ling Zhonghui , Li Chanjuan , Long Wei , Xie Kaipeng , Ding Hongjuan 
Published: June 2021

Objective: This meta-analysis comprehensively evaluated the association between ABO blood group and the risk of preeclampsia (PE).Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Data sources: PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect databases from their inception to September 23, 2020.Methods: Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained through random-effects and fixed-effects models according to heterogeneity. Meta-regression analysis was applied to explore the source of heterogeneity. We conducted a subgroup analysis by the publication year, study design, state, and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) score. In addition, we calculated the rate of each ABO blood group in PE by total pooled effects.Results: A total of 12 articles with 714,153 patients were included in our analysis. Compared with people without PE (control group), the O blood group presented a lower risk of PE (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.93–0.97). The AB (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.12–1.91) blood group presented a higher risk. However, the total pooled OR and 95% CI for the A (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.90–1.16) and B (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.98–1.05) blood groups were not significant. The funnel plot and linear regression equation showed that there was no publication bias for the O, A, or B blood groups (all P &gt; 0.05). However, the funnel plot and linear regression equation for the AB blood group were obviously asymmetric (P &lt; 0.05), and the publication bias persisted even after the trim-and-fill method was applied (P &lt; 0.05). Multivariable meta-regression analysis did not find a specific source of heterogeneity. The A blood group showed an association with early-onset PE (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.33–0.83), and the other blood groups showed no significant differences. In PE, the rates of the O, A, B, and AB blood groups decreased gradually (0.39, 0.33, 0.19, 0.07).Conclusion: These findings suggest that pregnant women with AB blood group are more likely to develop PE, and more attention should be paid to AB blood group whose blood pressure is high but not sufficient to diagnose PE.Systematic Review Registration: Prospero CRD42021227930.
Sensitivity of Fine-Scale Structure in Tropical Cyclone Boundary Layer to Model Horizontal Resolution at Sub-Kilometer Grid Spacing
Authors: Xu Hongxiong , Wang Yuqing 
Published: June 2021

In view of the increasing interest in the explicit simulation of fine-scale features in the tropical cyclone (TC) boundary layer (TCBL), the effects of horizontal grid spacing on a 7–10 h simulation of an idealized TC are examined using the Weather Research and Forecast (ARW-WRF) mesoscale model with one-way moving nests and the nonlinear backscatter with anisotropy (NBA) sub-grid-scale (SGS) scheme. In general, reducing the horizontal grid spacing from 2 km to 500 m tends to produce a stronger TC with lower minimum sea level pressure (MSLP), stronger surface winds, and smaller TC inner core size. However, large eddies cannot be resolved at these grid spacings. In contrast, reducing the horizontal grid spacing from 500 to 166 m and further to 55 m leads to a decrease in TC intensity and an increase in the inner-core TC size. Moreover, although the 166-m grid spacing starts to resolve large eddies in terms of TCBL horizontal rolls and tornado-scale vortex, the use of the finest grid spacing of 55 m tends to produce shorter wavelengths in the turbulent motion and stronger multi-scale turbulence interaction. It is concluded that a grid spacing of sub-100-meters is desirable to produce more detailed and fine-scale structure of TCBL horizontal rolls and tornado-scale vortices, while the relatively coarse sub-kilometer grid spacing (e.g., 500 m) is more cost-effective and feasible for research that is not interested in the turbulence processes and for real-time operational TC forecasting in the near future.
Comparison of Cumulative Live Birth Rates Between GnRH-A and PPOS in Low-Prognosis Patients According to POSEIDON Criteria: A Cohort Study
Authors: Zhang Shaodi , Yin Yisha , Li Qiuyuan , Zhang Cuilian 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo compare the cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist regimen and a progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) regimen in low-prognosis patients according to POSEIDON criteria.DesignSingle-center, retrospective, observational study.SettingHenan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, ChinaPatientsWomen aged ≤40 years, with a body mass index &lt;25 kg/m2, who underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm microinjection (ICSI) and met POSEIDON low-prognosis criteria.InterventionGnRH or PPOS regimen with IVF or ICSI.Main Outcome MeasureCLBR per oocyte retrieval cycle.ResultsPer oocyte retrieval cycle, CLBR was significantly higher with GnRH antagonist versus PPOS (35.3% vs 25.2%; P&lt;0.001). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, CLBR per oocyte retrieval cycle was significantly lower with PPOS versus GnRH antagonist before (OR 0.62 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.46, 0.82; P=0.009]) and after (OR 0.66 [95% CI: 0.47, 0.93; P=0.0172]) adjustment for age, body mass index, infertility type, infertility duration, baseline follicle stimulating hormone, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), antral follicle count (AFC), and insemination method. CLBR was numerically higher with the GnRH antagonist regimen than with PPOS, across all of the POSEIDON groups, and was significantly higher in patients aged ≥35 years with poor ovarian reserve [AFC &lt;5, AMH &lt;1.2 ng/mL] (unadjusted, P=0.0108; adjusted, P=0.0243).ConclusionIn this single-center, retrospective, cohort study, patients had a higher CLBR with a GnRH antagonist versus PPOS regimen, regardless of other attributes.
Disease Burden of Chronic Kidney Disease Due to Hypertension From 1990 to 2019: A Global Analysis
Authors: Chen Aiming , Zou Minjie , Young Charlotte Aimee , Zhu Weiping , Chiu Herng-Chia , Jin Guangming , Tian Lin 
Published: June 2021

Background: Although it is widely known that hypertension is an important cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD), little detailed quantitative research exists on the burden of CKD due to hypertension.Objective: The objective of the study is to estimate the global disease burden of CKD due to hypertension and to evaluate the association between the socioeconomic factors and country-level disease burden of CKD due to hypertension.Methods: We extracted the disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) numbers, rates, and age-standardized rates of CKD due to hypertension from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 database to investigate the time trends of the burden of CKD due to hypertension from 1990 to 2019. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the correlations between the age-standardized DALY rate and socioeconomic factors and other related factors obtained from open databases.Results: Globally, from 1990 to 2019, DALY numbers caused by CKD due to hypertension increased by 125.2% [95% confidential interval (CI), 124.6 to 125.7%]. The DALY rate increased by 55.7% (55.3 to 56.0%) to 128.8 (110.9 to 149.2) per 100,000 population, while the age-standardized DALYs per 100,000 population increased by 10.9% (10.3 to 11.5%). In general, males and elderly people tended to have a higher disease burden. The distribution disparity in the burden of CKD due to hypertension varies greatly among countries. In the stepwise multiple linear regression model, inequality-adjusted human development index (IHDI) [β = −161.1 (95% CI −238.1 to −84.2), P &lt; 0.001] and number of physicians per 10,000 people [β = −2.91 (95% CI −4.02 to −1.80), P &lt; 0.001] were significantly negatively correlated with age-standardized DALY rate when adjusted for IHDI, health access and quality (HAQ), number of physicians per 10,000 people, and population with at least some secondary education.Conclusion: Improving the average achievements and equality of distribution in health, education, and income, as well as increasing the number of physicians per 10,000 people could help to reduce the burden of CKD due to hypertension. These findings may provide relevant information toward efforts to optimize health policies aimed at reducing the burden of CKD due to hypertension.
Psychosocial Aspects During the First Wave of COVID-19 Infection in South Africa
Authors: Lentoor Antonio G. , Maepa Mokoena Patronella 
Published: June 2021

Background: In South Africa, as in many countries, the nationwide spread of COVID-19 caused a public health emergency that resulted in the government implementing necessary restrictive measures such as the nationwide lockdown as a way of containing the pandemic. Such restrictive measure, while necessary, can disrupt many aspects of people's lives resulting in unprecedented psychosocial distress.Aim: The present study aims to describe the psychosocial health and situational factors associated with the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in South Africa during the first wave of infection.Methods: This cross-sectional survey, recruited a total of 203 participants through convenience sampling via online platforms—WhatsApp, Facebook, emails, etc.—during COVID-19 lockdown in the country. Through the snowball technique, participants from across South Africa completed the online survey that assessed socio-demographic information, risk perception, history of mental health, COVID-19-related stress, and fears during the lockdown (first wave).Results: The majority of the participants who completed the survey were young, Black African, and female. Participants reported feelings of stress and anxiety (61.2%); stress about finances (39.5%); and feelings of sadness, anger, and/or frustration (31.6%) during the lockdown. Females compared to males were more likely to perceive COVID-19 as a risk to their household, X(20)2 = 45,844, p &lt; 0.001 and community, X(20)2 = 40,047, p = 0.005. COVID-19 differentially impacted the mental health of participants with and without mental health diagnosis, X(4)2 = 16.596, p = 0.002. Participants with a prior mental health diagnosis reported significant extra stress during lockdown (p &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: The findings may be of significance to assist in the development of targeted psychosocial interventions to help people during and after the pandemic.
The Identifying Depression Early in Adolescence Risk Stratified Cohort (IDEA-RiSCo): Rationale, Methods, and Baseline Characteristics
Authors: Kieling Christian , Buchweitz Claudia , Caye Arthur , Manfro Pedro , Pereira Rivka , Viduani Anna , Anés Maurício , Battel Lucas , Benetti Silvia , Fisher Helen L. , Karmacharya Rakesh , Kohrt Brandon A. , Martini Thais , Petresco Sandra , Piccin Jader , Rocha Thiago , Rohde Luis Augusto , Rohrsetzer Fernanda , Souza Laila , Velazquez Bruna , Walsh Annabel , Yoon Leehyun , Zajkowska Zuzanna , Zonca Valentina , Swartz Johnna R. , Mondelli Valeria 
Published: June 2021

Background:The characterization of adolescents at high risk for developing depression has traditionally relied on the presence or absence of single risk factors. More recently, the use of composite risk scores combining information from multiple variables has gained attention in prognostic research in the field of mental health. We previously developed a sociodemographic composite score to estimate the individual level probability of depression occurrence in adolescence, the Identifying Depression Early in Adolescence Risk Score (IDEA-RS).Objectives:In this report, we present the rationale, methods, and baseline characteristics of the Identifying Depression Early in Adolescence Risk Stratified Cohort (IDEA-RiSCo), a study designed for in-depth examination of multiple neurobiological, psychological, and environmental measures associated with the risk of developing and with the presence of depression in adolescence, with a focus on immune/inflammatory and neuroimaging markers.Methods:Using the IDEA-RS as a tool for risk stratification, we recruited a new sample of adolescents enriched for low (LR) and high (HR) depression risk, as well as a group of adolescents with a currently untreated major depressive episode (MDD). Methods for phenotypic, peripheral biological samples, and neuroimaging assessments are described, as well as baseline clinical characteristics of the IDEA-RiSCo sample.Results:A total of 7,720 adolescents aged 14–16 years were screened in public state schools in Porto Alegre, Brazil. We were able to identify individuals at low and high risk for developing depression in adolescence: in each group, 50 participants (25 boys, 25 girls) were included and successfully completed the detailed phenotypic assessment with ascertainment of risk/MDD status, blood and saliva collections, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Across a variety of measures of psychopathology and exposure to negative events, there was a clear pattern in which either the MDD group or both the HR and the MDD groups exhibited worse indicators in comparison to the LR group.Conclusion:The use of an empirically-derived composite score to stratify risk for developing depression represents a promising strategy to establish a risk-enriched cohort that will contribute to the understanding of the neurobiological correlates of risk and onset of depression in adolescence.
Data, de Wet bescherming bedrijfsgeheimen en het contractenrecht
Authors: Kool M. 
Published: June 2021

Data, de Wet bescherming bedrijfsgeheimen en het contractenrecht
Data kunnen een grote commerciële waarde hebben. Omdat data vaak niet worden beschermd door het intellectuele eigendomsrecht en het goederenrecht, is het van belang om waardevolle data contractueel goed te beschermen. In dit artikel staan daarvoor enkele tips.
Aanvang korte verjaringstermijn bij wanprestatie door een (fiscaal) adviseur
Authors: Lankhaar A.Z. 
Published: June 2021

Aanvang korte verjaringstermijn bij wanprestatie door een (fiscaal) adviseur
De Hoge Raad heeft op 9 oktober 2020 (ECLI:NL:HR:2020:1603) een nuance aangebracht op de vaste jurisprudentie over de aanvang van de korte verjaringstermijn van artikel 3:310 lid 1 BW. Onder bijzondere omstandigheden gaat de korte verjaringstermijn nog niet lopen indien bij de benadeelde de kennis en het inzicht ontbreken die nodig zijn om de deugdelijkheid van de door de schuldenaar geleverde prestatie te beoordelen. De reikwijdte van deze nuance blijkt niet expliciet uit het arrest.
Professionele ethiek in het academisch juridisch onderwijs - Enige inhoudelijke en didactische aanknopingspunten
Authors: van Dongen Emanuel , Tigchelaar Jet 
Published: June 2021

Professionele ethiek in het academisch juridisch onderwijs - Enige inhoudelijke en didactische aanknopingspunten Special issue on Education in (Professional) Legal Ethics, Emanuel van Dongen & Jet Tigchelaar (eds.)
In deze bijdrage bespreken de auteurs inhoudelijke en didactische aanknopingspunten voor de integratie van professionele ethiek in de academische juridische opleiding. Dat gaat wat de auteurs betreft verder dan (enkel) het leren van gedragsregels, maar betreft ook de (kritisch-)ethische reflectie (op de professionele rol) van de jurist en ethische oordeelsvorming. Aanknopingspunten uit rechtstheoretische en onderwijskundige literatuur vragen om een curriculum brede, stapsgewijze, inbedding met passende toetsing. Dit onderwijs dient idealiter een combinatie te zijn van afzonderlijke meta-juridische vakken over recht en ethiek, positiefrechtelijke vakken die ethische elementen bevatten, klinische training en specifieke vakken over beroeps- of professionele ethiek. In dit artikel bespreken de auteurs diverse methoden die kunnen worden gebruikt om het onderwijs vorm te geven en illustreren dit met enkele voorbeelden uit het Utrechts universitair juridisch onderwijs. Actieve participatie, reflectie en – idealiter – eigen ervaringen zijn daarbij van groot belang. Een aantal modellen uit niet-juridische disciplines kan behulpzaam zijn bij het bieden van structuur voor ethische reflectie, voor zover het morele sensitiviteit en morele oordeelsvorming stimuleert. Verscheidene toetsingselementen op het terrein van de ethiek zijn door het curriculum heen nodig. Leeractiviteiten en toetsing kunnen worden opgebouwd in het curriculum van kennis en begrip, naar competenties ten aanzien van ethische dilemma’s en moreel oordelen.
Evaluation of 4‐Hz log files and secondary Monte Carlo dose calculation as patient‐specific quality assurance for VMAT prostate plans
Authors: Szeverinski Philipp , Kowatsch Matthias , Künzler Thomas , Meinschad Marco , Clemens Patrick , DeVries Alexander F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeIn this study, 4‐Hz log files were evaluated with an independent secondary Monte Carlo dose calculation algorithm to reduce the workload for patient‐specific quality assurance (QA) in clinical routine.Materials and MethodsA total of 30 randomly selected clinical prostate VMAT plans were included. The used treatment planning system (TPS) was Monaco (Elekta, Crawley), and the secondary dose calculation software was SciMoCa (Scientific‐RT, Munich). Monaco and SciMoCa work with a Monte Carlo algorithm. A plausibility check of Monaco and SciMoCa was performed using an ionization chamber in the BodyPhantom (BP). First, the original Monaco RT plans were verified with SciMoCa (pretreatment QA). Second, the corresponding 4‐Hz log files were converted into RT log file plans and sent to SciMoCa as on‐treatment QA. MLC shift errors were introduced for one prostate plan to determine the sensitivity of on‐treatment QA. For pretreatment and on‐treatment QA, a gamma analysis (2%/1mm/20%) was performed and dosimetric values of PTV and OARs were ascertained in SciMoCa.ResultsPlausibility check of TPS Monaco vs. BP measurement and SciMoCa vs. BP measurement showed valid accuracy for clinical VMAT QA. Using SciMoCa, there was no significant difference in PTV Dmean between RT plan and RT log file plan. Between pretreatment and on‐treatment QA, PTV metrics, femur right and left showed no significant dosimetric differences as opposed to OARs rectum and bladder. The overall gamma passing rate (GPR) ranged from 96.10% to 100% in pretreatment QA and from 93.50% to 99.80% in on‐treatment QA. MLC shift errors were identified for deviations larger than −0.50 mm and +0.75 mm using overall gamma criterion and PTV Dmean.ConclusionSciMoCa calculations of Monaco RT plans and RT log file plans are in excellent agreement to each other. Therefore, 4‐Hz log files and SciMoCa can replace labor‐intensive phantom‐based measurements as patient‐specific QA.
Experimental Verification of Shape‐Independent Surface Cloak Enabled by Nihility Transformation Optics
Authors: Fakheri Mohammad Hosein , Ashrafian Atefeh , Barati Sedeh Hooman , Abdolali Ali 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe manipulation of electromagnetic surface waves on interfaces that have arbitrary shape geometrical disorders has gained a lot of interest owing to its wealth of advantages in modern photonics and plasmonics devices. In this paper, based on the well‐established method of transformation optics, a reconfigurable cloak that is competent in guiding the propagation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) at a distorted metal‐dielectric interface is introduced. The presented cloak consists of a homogeneous anisotropic material, dubbed as optic null medium (ONM) that is independent of the cloak geometrical shape. Whilst the homogeneity property of ONMs leads to the feasibility in fabrication, the shape independency feature yields an on‐demand control over the flow of SPPs, simply by changing the shape of the cloak while leaving its constituent material unchanged. In order to authenticate the idea, a triangular‐shape SPP cloak is designed and fabricated experimentally at microwave frequency. It is observed that by utilizing the designed cloak almost total transmission can be obtained from the distorted interface. The unique designing approach introduced here may open a new horizon to nano‐optics and downscaling of photonic circuits.