bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunosuppressive Microenvironment Revealed by Immune Cell Landscape in Pre-metastatic Liver of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Zeng Dongqiang , Wang Miaohong , Wu Jiani , Lin Siheng , Ye Zilan , Zhou Rui , Wang Gaofeng , Wu Jianhua , Sun Huiying , Bin Jianping , Liao Yulin , Li Nailin , Shi Min , Liao Wangjun 
Published: March 2021

Background: Colorectal cancer, the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality, is prone to metastasis, especially to the liver. The pre-metastatic microenvironment comprising various resident stromal cells and immune cells is essential for metastasis. However, how the dynamic evolution of immune components facilitates pre-metastatic niche formation remains unclear.Methods: Utilizing RNA-seq data from our orthotopic colorectal cancer mouse model, we applied single sample gene set enrichment analysis and Cell type Identification By Estimating Relative Subsets Of RNA Transcripts to investigate the tumor microenvironment landscape of pre-metastatic liver, and define the exact role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) acting in the regulation of infiltrating immune cells and gene pathways activation. Flow cytometry analysis was conducted to quantify the MDSCs levels in human and mice samples.Results: In the current work, based on the high-throughput transcriptome data, we depicted the immune cell infiltration pattern of pre-metastatic liver and highlighted MDSCs as the dominant altered cell type. Notably, flow cytometry analysis showed that high frequencies of MDSCs, was detected in the pre-metastatic liver of orthotopic colorectal cancer tumor-bearing mice, and in the peripheral blood of patients with stage I–III colorectal cancer. MDSCs accumulation in the liver drove immunosuppressive factors secretion and immune checkpoint score upregulation, consequently shaping the pre-metastatic niche with sustained immune suppression. Metabolic reprogramming such as upregulated glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and HIF-1 signaling pathways in the primary tumor was also demonstrated to correlate with MDSCs infiltration in the pre-metastatic liver. Some chemokines were identified as a potential mechanism for MDSCs recruitment.Conclusion: Collectively, our study elucidates the alterations of MDSCs during pre-metastatic niche transformation, and illuminates the latent biological mechanism by which primary tumors impact MDSC aggregation in the targeted liver.
SIMPLE: A Novel Scoring System for Predicting Hemodynamically Significant Patent Ductus Arteriosus Without Echocardiographic Evaluation in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Gonen Ilker , Babayigit Aslan , Bornaun Helen , Yasa Beril , Memur Seyma , Semerci Seda Yilmaz , Cetinkaya Merih 
Published: March 2021

Aim: To develop a novel clinical scoring system for predicting hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted among ELBW infants born in the study center during a 6-month period. Fourteen items were selected on a literature review basis and weighed by severity on an arbitrary 1–4 scale, the sum of which represented the Scoring preterm Infants for PDA cLinically without Echocardiographic evaluation (SIMPLE) score. The SIMPLE scores were compared at several time points during the first 3 days of life between two groups of patients: those with an hsPDA at echocardiography and those without.Results: A total of 48 ELBW infants were enrolled, of which 30 infants developed hsPDA. The SIMPLE scores of the infants with hsPDA were significantly greater than those of the infants who did not develop hsPDA. Cut-off SIMPLE scores that were significantly associated with detection of symptomatic hsPDA at each evaluation time point were identified.Conclusions: SIMPLE is the first scoring system that depends on the risk factors and clinical findings of ELBW infants for early prediction of hsPDA. It is simple, objective and easy to perform, and it does not require any additional tests and/or echocardiographic evaluation. We suggest that SIMPLE can be used as a screening tool for determining the need for echocardiographic evaluation in ELBW infants in order to minimize the number of unnecessary pediatric cardiology consultations.
Understanding Grief During the First-Wave of COVID-19 in the United Kingdom—A Hypothetical Approach to Challenges and Support
Authors: Fang Chao , Comery Alastair 
Published: March 2021

Purpose:This article develops immediate understandings of loss and grief at both an individual and collective level following the first-wave of COVID-19 in the UK. This allows for insights into the likely challenges and support for loss and grief in facing unprecedented disruption and uncertainty. Ultimately, it explores avenues for the priorities to inform better bereavement support.Methods:By examining trusted media data and carefully selected academic literature, we analyse both individual and societal responses to loss and grief in the novel context of the first-wave of COVID-19 in the UK. The discussion relocates the ideas of good and bad deaths in the context of increased social constrains and inequalities. Further, two pairs of contrasting hypotheses are proposed to examine how the UK's first-wave outbreak has shaped policy and practical structures and how these have further impacted experiences of loss and grief both at an individual and collective level.Findings:The discussion captures a mixed picture of loss and grief in the UK, which highlights the importance of timely, holistic, and continuous support both in social policy and care provision. It is found that individuals and collectives express diverse needs in response to deaths and losses as a process of meaning-making. Further, the significance of socio-cultural environments also become evident. These findings highlight community support during the outbreak and further promote a grief literate culture as imperative to support individual and collective needs when confronted with loss and grief.Conclusion:This article provides a timely and comprehensive account of possible challenges and support both for individual and collective experiences of loss and grief at a time of unprecedented social restrictions and mass deaths in the UK. These understandings provide a base from which we advocate the priorities for future research into the ongoing impacts of COVID-19 on grief and bereavement.
White Laser Realized via Synergic Second- and Third-Order Nonlinearities
Authors: Chen Baoqin , Hong Lihong , Hu Chenyang , Li Zhiyuan 
Published: March 2021

White laser with balanced performance of broad bandwidth, high average and peak power, large pulse energy, high spatial and temporal coherence, controllable spectrum profile, and overall chroma are highly desirable in various fields of modern science. Here, for the first time, we report an innovative scheme of harnessing the synergic action of both the second-order nonlinearity (2
nd
-NL) and the third-order nonlinearity (3
rd
-NL) in a single chirped periodically poled lithium niobate (CPPLN) nonlinear photonic crystal driven by a high-peak-power near-infrared (NIR) (central wavelength~1400 nm, energy~100
μ
J per pulse) femtosecond pump laser to produce visible to near infrared (vis-NIR, 400-900 nm) supercontinuum white laser. The CPPLN involves a series of reciprocal-lattice bands that can be exploited to support quasiphase matching for simultaneous broadband second- and third-harmonic generations (SHG and THG) with considerable conversion efficiency. Due to the remarkable 3
rd
-NL which is due to the high energy density of the pump, SHG and THG laser pulses will induce significant spectral broadening in them and eventually generate bright vis-NIR white laser with high conversion efficiency up to 30%. Moreover, the spectral profile and overall chroma of output white laser can be widely modulated by adjusting the pump laser intensity, wavelength, and polarization. Our work indicates that one can deeply engineer the synergic and collective action of 2
nd
-NL and 3
rd
-NL in nonlinear crystals to accomplish high peak power, ultrabroadband vis-NIR white laser and hopefully realize the even greater but much more challenging dream of ultraviolet-visible-infrared full-spectrum laser.
DESIGN AND BUILT AN EXPERT SYSTEM APPLICATION FIR DIAGNOSING HUMAN EYE DISEASES BY USING FORWARD CAHINING METODH WEB-BASED
Authors: Andrianof Harkamsyah 
Published: March 2021

The eye is one of the five senses that has a very important role in human life, namely as the organ of vision. If there is interference with the eye or there is a disease, it is very influential on human vision. Its mean that we can conclude that eye is very important in our lie and must be keep for our body. The purpose of this research to planning and develop the diagnose of expert system about diagnosing of diseases in the eye which include disease information about symptoms or the solution and have role to replace and imitate the process of the reason from an expert in solve the specification problem. the method used for reasoning is forward chaining method. The result of this research is expert system of diagnosing eyes diseases in humans which computerized who can be used for giving information and have benefit in diagnosing disease.
Muhammad
Authors: Mitiche Ahmed Zakarya 
Published: March 2021

Reference to violence and war often dominates contemporary discussions about the early Muslims. In Muhammad: Prophet of Peace Amid the Clash of Empires, Juan Cole balances the narrative by centering instead the role of peace and “peace thought”, notions which he argues more aptly characterize the early community. He situates this emergent movement within the geo-politics of the day. As the conflict between two major super-powers became perceived as approaching cataclysmic and apocalyptic proportions, the Prophet’s message juxtaposed the worldly violence of empire with the peace promised in the Quran. Within this vision lay a pursuit of temporal peace, represented by the Prophet’s own political career. Departing from those scholars who either reject the later Muslim historiographical traditionout of hand or adopt it wholesale, Cole insists on centering the Quran as a primary source, while applying a discerning eye towards the hadith and biographical sources that emerge in later centuries (228). Finally, by comparing the writings of the Prophet’s Christian-Byzantine contemporaries to the Quran, the author foreshadows the “violence thought” (i.e. rhetoric that justified or even encouraged aggressive warfare and conquest) that the institutionalization of power in the form of empire will soon demand of succeeding generations of Muslims.
Loan to Deposit Ratio, Capital Adequacy Ratio, Non Performing Loan, Size dan Return On Assets Bank Perkreditan Rakyat di Provinsi Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jaya
Authors: Yulianti Erni , Yusuf Muhammad 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of loan to deposit ratio, capital adequacy ratio, non performing loan and size to return on assets in rural bank of special areas of the capital jaya province, registered at bank Indonesia period of december 2015-december 2016. Sample which is used in this research as many as 13 rural banks that routinely report its progress to bank Indonesia. The results showed that the loan to deposit ratio and capital adequacy ratio did not affect the return on assets. Non-performing loans negatively affect return on assets, while the size has a positive effect on return on assets. Future research can be re-tested by adding the variable because the ability of independent variables affect the return on assets is moderate, so it is still possible to add variables in the model. The sample can be expanded for rural banks in Indonesia so that the results can be generalized to all rural banks in Indonesia.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh loan to deposit ratio, capital adequacy ratio, non performing loan dan size terhadap return on assets pada bank perkreditan rakyat wilayah provinsi daerah khusus ibukota jaya, yang terdaftar di bank Indonesia periode triwulan bulan desember 2015-desember 2016. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 13 bank perkreditan rakyat yang secara rutin melaporkan perkembangannya pada bank Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa loan to deposit ratio dan capital adequacy ratio tidak berpengaruh terhadap return on assets. Non performing loan berpengaruh negatif terhadap return on asset, sedangkan size berpengaruh positif terhadap return on asset. Riset mendatang dapat dilakukan pengujian ulang dengan menambah variabel karena kemampuan variabel independent mempengaruhi return on assets tergolong sedang, sehingga masih dimungkinkan menambah variabel di dalam model. Sample dapat diperluas untuk bank perkreditan rakyat di Indonesia agar hasil penelitian dapat digeneralisasi untuk seluruh bank perkreditan rakyat di Indonesia.
JEL Classification: G21, M40, L25
Determinan Audit Report Lag dan Peran Auditor Spesialisasi Industri Sebagai Pemoderasi Pada Perusahaan Badan Usaha Milik Negara
Authors: Yudhi Yudhi Prasetiyo , Ahmar Nurmala , Syam M. Ardiansyah 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
This study aimed to examine the effect of KAP size, profitability, company size, audit tenure, and investment opportunity set on audit report lag with auditor industry specialization as a moderating variable. This research uses a quantitative method with a descriptive approach. The population in this study is the BUMN Go Public Company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2014-2018. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling method. The sample in this study were only companies that passed the sample criteria of 100 companies. The data were analyzed uses moderate regression analysis (MRA). The results of this study found that audit tenure had a positive and significant effect on audit report lag, profitability and firm size had a negative effect and significant on audit report lag, and the size of KAP and investment opportunity set had no effect on audit report lag. Then the moderation regression analysis results of this study found that industrial specialization auditors moderate positive toward profitability and firm size against to audit report lag, industrial specialization auditors moderate toward negative audit tenure to audit report lag. Where as industry specialization auditors don’t moderate the KAP size and investment opportunity set of audit report lag.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh ukuran KAP, profitabilitas, ukuran perusahaan, audit tenur, dan investment opportunity set terhadap audit report lag dengan auditor spesialisasi industri sebagai variabel moderating. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah Perusahaan BUMN Go Public yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) tahun 2014-2018. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Sampel di dalam penelitian ini adalah hanya perusahaan-perusahaan yang lolos mengikuti kriteria sampel sebanyak 100 perusahaan. Analisis data menggunakan moderate regression analys (MRA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa audit tenur berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap audit report lag, profitabilitas dan ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh negative dan siginifikan terhadap audit report lag serta ukuran KAP dan investment opportunity set tidak berpengaruh terhadap audit report lag. Kemudian hasil regresi moderasi analisis menunjukan bahwa auditor spesialisasi industri memodersi semu kearah positif profitabilitas dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap audit report lag, auditor spesialisasi industri memodersi semu kearah negative audit tenur terhadap audit report lag Sedangkan auditor spesialisasi industri tidak memodersi ukuran KAP dan investment opportunity set terhadap audit report lag.
JEL Classification: M42, D21
Inclusion of Interest Rate Risk in Credit Risk on Bank Performance: Evidence in Indonesia
Authors: Safitri Julia , Suyanto Suyanto , Taolin Maximus Leonardo , Prasilowati Sri Lestari 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
This study aims to empirically examine the effect of liquidity on bank performance through the inclusion of interest rate risk on credit risk (INRISK) as a mediator. Where the inclusion of interest rate risk in credit risk (INRISK) is a novel concept developed from the synthesis of monetary theory, financial intermediation theory and liquidity theory, as an attempt to mediate the research gap between the effect of liquidity on bank performance. This study uses panel data with 30 companies as samples and uses the study period from 2010 to 2018, resulting in 270 observational data. All samples are banking companies listed on the IDX. The analytical tool used in this study was PLS-Sem with the WarpPLS 5.0 application.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji secara empiris pengaruh likuiditas terhadap kinerja bank melalui dimasukkannya risiko suku bunga pada risiko kredit (INRISK) sebagai mediator. Dimana dimasukkannya risiko suku bunga dalam risiko kredit (INRISK) adalah konsep baru yang dikembangkan dari sintesis teori moneter, teori intermediasi keuangan dan teori likuiditas, sebagai upaya untuk menengahi kesenjangan penelitian antara pengaruh likuiditas terhadap kinerja bank. Penelitian ini menggunakan data panel dengan 30 perusahaan sebagai sampel dan menggunakan periode penelitian dari 2010 hingga 2018, menghasilkan 270 data observasi. Semua sampel adalah perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di BEI. Alat analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah PLS-Sem dengan aplikasi WarpPLS 5.0.
JEL Classification: L10, G32
Determinasi Pembiayaan Murabahah Berbasis Analisis Resiko Pada Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia
Authors: Africa Laely Aghe 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Majority of people in Indonesia prefer Murabahah financing to other types of loans in Indonesia Sharia Banks. Murabahah financing must also be influenced by a number of factors in the banking industry. This research aimed to analyze whether the following factors such us credit risk, liquidity risk and operational risk can influence Murabahah Financing.Credit risk is proxied by CKPN (Allowance For Impairment Losses Of Credits), NPF (Non Performing Financing), Risk Concentration of Funds Distribution to Core Debtors. Liquidity risk is proxy by FDR (Financing to Depoit Ratio) and profit sharing financing to total financing, Operational risk is proxied by BOPO (Operating Expense To Operating Revenue). This study uses secondary data from the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2009-2018. Data analysis technique used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis techniques using SPSS 23. The result of the study are that credit risk and liquidity risk affect to Murabahah Financing. Beside that, it has implication for Islamic banking companies can minimize the risks that exist in company so that Murabahah financing continues to demand the customer.
ABSTRAK
Mayoritas masyarakat di Indonesia lebih memilih jenis peminjaman Murabahah daripada jenis pinjaman lainnya pada Bank Syariah di Indonesia. Pembiayaan murabahah juga pastinya dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor pada industri perbankan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa beberapa faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi pembiayaan murabahah berdasarkan beberapa rasio risiko antara lain risiko kredit, risiko likuiditas dan risiko operasional, dimana untuk risiko kredit diproksikan dengan rasio Cadangan Kerugian Penurunan Nilai (CKPN), Non Performing Financing (NPF), Konsentrasi Risiko Penyaluran Dana Kepada Debitur Inti. Risiko Likuiditas diproksikan dengan rasio Financing to Depoit Ratio (FDR) dan pembiayaan bagi hasil terhadap total pembiayaan, Sedangkan risiko Operasional diproksikan oleh rasio Biaya Operasional Pendapatan Operasional (BOPO). Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode 2009-2018. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini ialah teknik analisis regresi linear berganda dengan menggunakan SPSS 23. Hasil dari penelitian adalah bahwa risiko kredit dan risiko likuiditas berpengaruh terhadap pembiayaan murabahah. Disamping itu Implikasi untuk perusahaan perbankan syariah dapat lebih meminimalisasikan risiko-risiko yang ada diperusahaan agar pembiayaan Murabahah sesuai dengan permintaan nasabah.
JEL Classification: G32, G21
Karakter Eksekutif, Profitabilitas, Leverage, dan Komisaris Independen Terhadap Tax Avoidance Dengan Kepemilikan Institusional Sebagai Variabel Moderasi
Authors: Prasatya Rahayu Eka , Mulyadi JMV , Suyanto Suyanto 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
This study aimed to examine and analyze the executive characters, profitability, leverage and independent commissioners on tax avoidance, and the effect of character executive, profitability, leverage and independent commissioners on tax avoidance with institutional ownership as a moderating variable. The population in this study is the Manufacturing Companies in the Industrial Consumer Goods Sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2014-2018. The sample in this study is only 100 companies that passed in the sample criteria. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling method. The analytical method is using Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results showed that executive character had negative effect on tax avoidance, profitability had no effect on tax avoidance, leverage had an effect on tax avoidance, and independent commissioners had no effect on tax avoidance. And also, institutional ownership can strengthen the moderation between character executive with tax avoidance, institutional ownership can weaken the moderation between profitability with tax avoidance, institutional ownership can weaken the moderation between leverage with tax avoidance.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisis karakter eksekutif, profitabilitas, leverage, komisaris independen terhadap tax avoidance, serta pengaruh dari karakter eksekutif, profitabilitas, leverage terhadap tax avoidance dengan kepemilikan institusional sebagai variabel moderasi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Industri Barang Konsumsi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) tahun 2014-2018. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 100 perusahaan yang lolos dalam kriteria sampel. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakter eksekutif berpengaruh terhadap tax avoidance, profitabilitas dan komisaris independen tidak berpengaruh terhadap tax avoidance, leverage berpengaruh terhadap tax avoidance. Kepemilikan institusional dapat memperkuat moderasi antara pengaruh karakter eksekutif dengan tax avoidance, kepemilikan institusional dapat memperlemah moderasi antara profitabilitas dan leverage dengan tax avoidance.
JEL Classification : H26, G38, M41