bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Nexus of Trade Openness, Institutions and Economic Growth: An Empirical Investigation of BRICS Countries
Authors: Sheikh Mehraj Ahmad , Malik Mushtaq Ahmad 
Published: April 2021

The empirical limits of this study lie in investigating the nexus between trade openness, institutional quality and economic growth in emerging BRICS countries. Having nascent institutions, the study aims to analyse their role in determining the trade–growth relationship. Using endogeneity expunging GMM technique, the empirical evidence shows—first, imports play a crucial part in augmenting growth. While exports and overall trade openness do show a positive impact, they lack the statistical significance. Second, institutional infrastructure shows an indirect effect by augmenting the economic performance when complemented with higher imports. These countries stand to gain more from imports with improved institutional infrastructure. JEL Codes: F10, O4, C23
Yoga and music intervention to reduce depression, anxiety, and stress during COVID-19 outbreak on healthcare workers
Authors: Vajpeyee Manisha , Tiwari Shivam , Jain Kavita , Modi Pamil , Bhandari Prem , Monga Guneet , Yadav Lokendra Bahadur , Bhardwaj Himani , Shroti Akhilesh Kumar , Singh Shivoham , Vajpeyee Atulabh 
Published: April 2021

Aim: To investigate impact of Yoga and Music Intervention on anxiety, stress, and depression levels of health care workers during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: This study was conducted to assess psychological responses of 240 healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak. We used Yoga and Music Intervention in normal and abnormal subjects based on Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-42 (DASS-42). Results: Of all 209 participants, 105 (50.23%) had symptoms of depression (35.88%), anxiety (40.19), and stress (34.92%) alone or in combination. The data suggest that there is significant improvement in test scores after intervention. Majority of persons with abnormal score exhibited improved DASS-42 score on combined interventions of Yoga and music compared to control group. Even subjects without abnormalities on DASS-42 score also showed improved DASS-42 scores in intervention ( n = 52) group compared to nonintervention ( n = 52) group. Conclusions: Our findings highlighted the significance of easily available, simple, inexpensive, safe nonpharmacological interventions like Yoga and Music therapy to overcome stress, anxiety, and depression in present times.
A novel intra-ventricular assist device enhances cardiac performance in normal and acutely failing isolated porcine hearts
Authors: van Dort Daniël IM , Thannhauser Jos , Morshuis Wim J , Geuzebroek Guillaume SC , Duncker Dirk J 
Published: April 2021

Background: We recently demonstrated that a novel intra-ventricular membrane pump (IVMP) was able to increase the pump function of isolated beating porcine hearts. In follow-up, we now investigated the impact of the IVMP on myocardial oxygen consumption and total mechanical efficiency (TME) and assessed the effect of IVMP-support in acutely failing hearts. Methods: In 10 ex vivo beating porcine hearts, we studied hemodynamic parameters, as well as arterial and coronary venous oxygen content. We assessed cardiac power (CP), myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2), and TME (CP divided by MVO2) under baseline conditions and during IVMP-support. Additionally, five isolated hearts were subjected to global hypoxia to investigate the effects of IVMP-support on CP under conditions of acute heart failure. Results: Under physiological conditions, baseline CP was 0.36 ± 0.10 W, which increased to 0.65 ± 0.16 W during IVMP-support (increase of 85% ± 24, p < 0.001). This was accompanied by an increase in MVO2 from 18.6 ± 6.2 ml/min at baseline, to 22.3 ± 5.0 ml/min during IVMP-support (+26 ± 31%, p = 0.005). As a result, TME (%) increased from 5.9 ± 1.2 to 8.8 ± 1.8 (50 ± 22% increase, p < 0.001). Acute hypoxia-induced cardiac pump failure reduced CP by 35 ± 6%, which was fully restored to baseline levels during IVMP-support in all hearts. Conclusion: IVMP-support improved mechanical efficiency under physiological conditions, as the marked increase in cardiac performance only resulted in a modest increase in oxygen consumption. Moreover, the IVMP rapidly restored cardiac performance under conditions of acute pump failure. These observations warrant further study, to evaluate the effects of IVMP-support in in vivo animal models of acute cardiac pump failure.
Incidence of Fever Associated With Dexmedetomidine in the Adult Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Peterson Jacob , Thomas Wendy , Michaud Christopher , Parker Jessi 
Published: April 2021

Background: Published literature has described the temporal relationship of dexmedetomidine with elevated temperatures, but there is limited data to quantify the incidence of fever in ICU patients receiving dexmedetomidine. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of temperature greater than or equal to 38.5°C in ICU patients receiving dexmedetomidine. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of ICU patients who received dexmedetomidine with a propensity-matched subgroup analysis comparing dexmedetomidine fever patients to non-fever patients. Patients 18 years of age and older admitted between November 2017 and August 2018 who received continuous dexmedetomidine for 6 or more hours were eligible for inclusion. Included patients with a temperature of great than or equal to 38.5°C while receiving dexmedetomidine were established as having dexmedetomidine-related fever. Results: Of 882 eligible ICU patients, 404 dexmedetomidine patients were included in the study. Sixty-one patients (15.1%) met the definition for the primary endpoint. Forty-two patients who received dexmedetomidine but experienced no fever were matched for multivariate analysis. The fever group received a higher mean maximum infusion rate (0.98 µg/kg/h ± 0.43 vs. 0.68 µg/kg/h ± 0.42, P < 0.001) and a longer median duration of dexmedetomidine (43.0 hours [range 7-711] vs. 24.3 hours [6-148], P = 0.001) compared to the non-fever group. Conclusion: Fever greater than 38.5°C was observed in 15.1% of ICU patients while receiving dexmedetomidine. Prospective studies are warranted to validate these findings.
Impact of Automated Notifications on Prescription Abandonment
Authors: Gunderson Erik G. , Newell Bradley J. , Rohling Brent J. , Melton Brittany L. , Robertson Amy D. 
Published: April 2021

Background: Prescription abandonment impacts patients’ quality of life and disease progression. In addition, prescription abandonment can increase total healthcare costs. Objective: This study compared effects of automated telephone calls (ATC), automated text messages (ATM), and control on prescription abandonment rates with Medicare defined Star Rated medications. The secondary objective compared prescription abandonment rates between age groups (18-64 versus ≥ 65 years) within each arm. Methods: This was a retrospective observational analysis from a regional division of a large community-based pharmacy chain. Star Rated medication prescriptions consisting of hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, renin-angiotensin system antagonists, and non-insulin type 2 diabetes mellitus medications were included. Prescriptions for patients who activated or deactivated automated notification enrollment during the study period were excluded. Results: A total of 31,056, 33,278, and 20,299 prescriptions were included in the analysis of ATC, ATM, and control arms, respectively. Prescription abandonment occurred on 726 (2.3%) prescriptions within ATC arm, 864 (2.6%) prescriptions within ATM arm, and 513 (2.5%) prescriptions within control arm (p = 0.099). Prescription abandonment occurred on 390 (2.6%) prescriptions for 18-64 and 336 (2.1%) prescriptions for 65 years or older within the ATC arm (p = 0.002). Prescription abandonment occurred on 251 (2.9%) prescriptions for 18-64 and 262 (2.3%) prescriptions for 65 years or older within the control arm (p = 0.006). Conclusion: No difference in rates of prescription abandonment existed between each automated notification arm on Star Rated medications. ATC notifications decreased rates of prescription abandonment when utilized by patients 65 years or older.
Social Justice and Social Work Curriculum at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
Authors: Onalu Chinyere E. , Okoye Uzoma O. 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: With increasing incidents of injustices in Nigeria, concerns for social justice have been topical. Social workers are expected to be at the fore of campaigns and implementation of social justice, hence, the question of their preparedness to match these expectations. This article sets out to ascertain whether the content of the curriculum of the Department of Social Work, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, meets these expectations. Method: Focus group discussion and in-depth interviews were used to collect data from purposively selected 20 undergraduates and four postgraduates. Results: Findings show that the students believe that the curriculum has enough social justice content though there is a need for review and change in delivery methods. Discussion: The incorporation of social justice into the curriculum encourages its application by practitioners. It is important to introduce more courses on social justice to impact more on the students and train teachers on better delivery methods.
One-Year Treatment Outcome of Profile Changes After Transcutaneous Maxillary Distraction Osteogenesis in Growing Children With Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Gao Wei-Ling , Lee Yi-Hao , Tsai Chi-Yu , Wu Te-Ju , Lai Jui-Pin , Lin Shiu-Shiung , Chang Yu-Jen 
Published: April 2021

Objective: To evaluate the long-term stability of LeFort I osteotomy followed by distraction osteogenesis with a transcutaneous rigid external device for the treatment of severe maxillary hypoplasia in patients with cleft lip and palate. Patients and Methods: Nine patients with cleft lip and palate underwent rigid external distraction after a LeFort I osteotomy for maxillary advancement. Lateral cephalometric films were analyzed for assessment of treatment outcome and stability in 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year after distraction. Results: Significant maxillary advancement was observed in the horizontal direction, with the anterior nasal spine (ANS) distance of the maxilla increasing by an average of 20.5 ± 5.1 mm after distraction. The ANS relapse rates in 6 months and 1 year were 8.7% and 12.8%, respectively. The mean inclination of upper incisors to the palatal plane was almost unchanged (before: 109.8° ± 6.6°; after: 108.9° ± 7.5°). The movement ratios at the nasal tip/ANS, soft tissue A point/A point, and the upper vermilion border/upper incisor edge were 0.36:1, 0.72:1, and 0.83:1, respectively. Conclusion: Considerable maxillary advancement was achieved with less change of incisors inclination after distraction. Moreover, the relapse rate after 1 year was minimal. The concave facial profile was improved as well as the facial balance and aesthetics.
Connect to Consumers and Create Successful Advertising With Hitting the Sweet Spot – Again
Authors: Northfelt Peter 
Published: April 2021

Hitting the Sweet Spot – Again: How Consumer Insights Can Inspire Better Marketing and Advertising (2020) includes 14 principles and six perspectives for introductory account planning students. The book, by Kim Bartel Sheehan and Charlie Robertson, is based on the classic text by Lisa Fortini-Campbell. The principles guide new market researchers through classic strategies to discover consumer insights. The perspectives are more didactic and include tips for using creative briefs and how to become a better account planner. There are few examples of great advertising using the book’s exact principles. As an introductory text, this textbook orients students to market research fundamentals in an accessible and open-ended way.
Differential Effects of Sound Intervention and Rest on Cardiovascular Parameters in Cancer Patients: A Randomized Cross-over Trial
Authors: Hohneck Anna , Reyser Christina , Merx Kirsten , Weingärtner Simone , Mavratzas Athanasios , Schumacher Gerhard , Linhuber Christoph , Hofmann Wolf-Karsten , Burkholder Iris , Hofheinz Ralf-Dieter 
Published: April 2021

Background: Music therapy or sound interventions were shown to confer beneficial effects in patients with cancer for instance in terms of pain or fear relief and improvement of other patient reported outcomes. Cardiovascular parameters, especially heart rate variability (HRV) were found to have prognostic implications in cancer patients. In this trial we aimed to investigate the effects of a sound intervention on cardiovascular parameters compared to rest in patients with cancer. Methods and results: Using a randomized cross-over design, 52 patients (male 13, female 39) with cancer were recruited to receive both a 15-minute sound intervention and a 15-minute rest intervention within 4 weeks with at least a one-week blanking period. Cardiovascular parameters (among others HRV, aortic pulse wave velocity [PWV], augmentation index [Aix], aortic blood pressure [BP], heart rate [HR]) were assessed immediately before (pre) and after (post) the intervention had taken place. HRV (Root mean square of successive RR interval differences [RMSSD, ms]) significantly increased, during sound intervention (median RMSSD pre 24 [range 5-112] vs post 22 [range 9-141], P = .03). Likewise, median PWV, as a direct marker of arterial stiffness, was significantly reduced by sound intervention ([m/s] pre 8.5 [range 5.6-19.6] vs post 8.3 [range 5.6-15.6], P = .04). For both parameters no statistically significant change during rest was observed. HR was lowered by both, rest ( P < .0001) and sound intervention ( P = .02), with a more pronounced effect by rest. A significant increase in systolic aortic blood pressure was shown by rest ([mmHg] median 101 [range 78-150] vs post median 103 [range 71-152], P = .04) but not during sound intervention ( P = .59), while rest intervention led to a decrease in resistance index (pre median 33 [range 13-92] vs post median 32 [11-84], P = .02). Conclusion: In comparison with rest, a single sound intervention in patients with cancer improved cardiovascular parameters commonly associated with increased stress levels. Studies with longer follow-up and multiple interventions are warranted. Trial Registration: ISRCTN registry 70947363.
The Utility of Duplex Ultrasonography Surveillance in Identifying Failing Aortobifemoral Grafts
Authors: Maloni Krystal , Calligaro Keith D. , Madden Nicholas , Troutman Douglas , Vani Kunal , Dougherty Matthew J. 
Published: April 2021

Objective: The Society for Vascular Surgery stated there are a lack of studies describing long-term surveillance for aortobifemoral (AoBF) bypasses. Our goal was to investigate the value of DU studies as a surveillance tool for AoBF bypasses. Methods: We retrospectively identified patients in our prospectively maintained database who underwent AoBF bypasses between 1995-2018. Surveillance was performed routinely with DU post-operatively, every 6 months for 1 year, and then annually. We considered “abnormal” DU findings to include peri-graft fluid, pseudoaneurysm or, peak systolic velocities (PSVs) > 350 cm/sec or PSV ratio > 3.5 anywhere from the proximal aortic to distal femoral anastomosis. If abnormalities were identified patients underwent intervention or shorter surveillance intervals. Results: Of 153 AoBF bypasses, 60 patients with 120 graft limbs fulfilled our post-operative surveillance protocol with a mean follow-up of 4.0 years (0.5-24 years). “Normal” DU surveillance studies were documented throughout follow-up in 112 (93%) limbs. Of these, 2 (1.7%) developed acute limb occlusion. Eight (6.7%) limbs had “abnormal” DU findings: 5 failing grafts with focal elevated PSVs, 2 with peri-graft fluid leading to a diagnosis of an infected graft, and 1 with a pseudoaneurysm (PSA). Contrast arteriography or CT-angiography confirmed > 75% diameter stenosis, fluid or PSA in all 8 limbs. Graft revision (5 endovascular, 2 surgical) was performed in 7 of the 8 limbs initially or after 2 successive “abnormal” DU studies within 6 weeks of each other; 1 patient refused intervention. Without surveillance, urgent or emergent treatment might have proved necessary in 7.5% (7 + 2 = 9/120) of cases instead of only 1.7% (2/120) of cases. Conclusion: Vascular surgeons should adopt DU as a useful surveillance tool to identify AoBF bypasses that are failing or have other problems not identified clinically. Persistence of “abnormal” DU findings should prompt operative or endovascular intervention.
Quantification of Training Load Relative to Match Load of Youth National Team Soccer Players
Authors: Szigeti Gyorgy , Schuth Gabor , Revisnyei Peter , Pasic Alija , Szilas Adam , Gabbett Tim , Pavlik Gabor 
Published: April 2021

Background: Previous studies have examined the training load relative to match load in club settings. The aims of this study were to (1) quantify the external training load relative to match load in days before a subsequent international game and (2) examine the cumulative training load in relation to match load of U-17 national team field soccer players. Hypothesis: Volume and intensity load parameters will vary between trainings; the farthermost trainings have the highest load gradually decreasing toward the match. Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: External training load data were collected from 84 youth national team players using global positioning technology between 2016 and 2020. In the national team setting, training load data were obtained from 3 days before the actual match day (MD-3, MD-2, MD-1 days) and analyzed with regard to the number of days up to the game. Volume and intensity parameters were calculated as a percentage of the subsequent match load. Results: Significant differences were found between MD-1 and MD-2, as well as between MD-1 and MD-3 for most volume parameters ( P < 0.01; effect sizes [ESs] 0.68-0.99) and high-intensity distance ( P < 0.002; ES 0.67 and 0.73) and maximum velocity ( P < 0.002; ES 0.82) as intensity parameters. Most cumulative values were significantly different from total duration ( P < 0.001, common language ES 0.80-0.96). Conclusion: The training volume gradually decreased as match day approached, with the highest volume occurring on MD-3. Intensity variables, such as maximum velocity, high-intensity accelerations, and meterage per minute were larger in MD-1 training relative to match load. Training volume was lowest in MD-1 trainings and highest in MD-3 trainings; intensity however varies between training days. Clinical Relevance: The findings of this study may help to understand the special preparational demands of international matches, highlighting the role of decreased training volume and increased intensity.
Outcomes of minimally invasive nephroureterectomy in octogenarians: a single centre experience and review of literature
Authors: McCabe Gerard , Hendry Jane , Qureshi Khaver N , Oades Grenville , Umez-Eronini Nkem , Sahni Dhruv , Aboumarzouk Omar M 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The gold standard treatment for high risk upper tract urothelial cancers is radical nephroureterectomy. Little evidence exists specifically directed for octogenarians with this disease, therefore we highlight our centre’s outcomes and compare to current literature. Methods: Demographic, operative and postoperative data were collected on all octogenarian patients who underwent minimally invasive radical nephroureterectomy between 2010 and 2018 in a single centre. Outcomes including intraoperative and postoperative complications, disease recurrence rates and survival data were analysed. A literature search was performed, with six included articles of cases series and retrospective cohort studies after screening of full manuscripts. Results: Twenty-three patients of average age 82.6 years (range 80–85) were included. Length of stay was median 10 days (range 5–53). Six patients (25%) had postoperative complications ranging from Clavien–Dindo classification 2–3. Eight patients were found to have recurrence, with median time to recurrence of 18 months. Of the 13 patients who died during a follow-up of median 38.4 months, five patients (22%) died of disease related to their original diagnosis (median survival 20 months). Conclusions: From this single centre case series results combined with a review of current literature, radical nephroureterectomy is safe for octogenarian patients for upper tract urothelial cancers when appropriately selected. Further work will need to be carried out to assess the role of lymphadenectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy in the older patient cohort. Level of evidence Level 4
Changes of Periodontal Tissues Because of Orthodontic Treatment: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Alzoman Hamad , Alamoud Khalid , Alomran Waad K. , Almudhi Abdullazez , Bindayel Naif A. 
Published: April 2021

Aim: To evaluate the periodontal status before and after orthodontic treatment and to analyze the confounding factors associated with it. Materials and Methods: The present retrospective study analyzed pre- and posttreatment records of a total of 60 patients. Intraoral digital photographs before and after the orthodontic treatment were used to measure the following three periodontal variables: (a) width of the keratinized gingiva, (b) gingival recession, and (c) the status of interdental papilla. The ImageJ 46 software imaging program was used to perform the required measurements. The clinical data were then analyzed in an association with the participants’ demographic data, the type of orthodontic tooth movement, and other confounding factors. The data obtained were manually entered into the statistical package and analyzed using a significance level set at P < .05. Descriptive statistics, paired t-tests, and Pearson’s correlation analysis were used to identify differences among the studied variables. Results: Among the 60 patients, the majority (66.7%) were females. Most cases of the treated malocclusion were Class II, and most patients underwent intrusion and retrusion movements. The width of keratinized gingiva increased for most sites of upper teeth. In contrast, the lower teeth showed a mix of improvement and compromised width of keratinized gingiva. As a measure of gingival recession, the difference of clinical crown height revealed the tendency toward a reduced clinical crown height for most sites. Upper left lateral incisors and canines showed significant values with regard to keratinized gingival width measurements and tooth movements such as extrusion and intrusion movements. Likewise, with regard to the clinical crown height, upper right central incisors showed significant differences when correlated with the interincisal angle, lower incisors to the mandibular plane, and upper incisors to the NA line. The upper lateral incisors also showed significant correlations to certain cephalometric measurements. Conclusions: The orthodontic treatment was found to exert a significantly positive impact on the surrounding periodontium, particularly in the upper canine areas. Likewise, various types of tooth movement were found to positively affect the periodontium.