bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Models of remote professional supervision for psychologists in rural and remote locations: A systematic review
Authors: Varela Sharon M. , Hays Catherine , Knight Sabina , Hays Richard 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionPsychology workforce shortages in geographically rural or remote contexts have highlighted the need to understand the supervisory experiences of psychologists practising in these locations, and the models of supervision employed to support their practice and improve client safety.ObjectiveTo review the models of remote professional supervision and the supervisory experiences of psychologists practising in rural and remote locations.DesignUsing the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for mixed‐methods systematic review, 8 health and education databases were searched using keyword and subject heading searches.FindingsThe initial search identified 413 studies. A full‐text review identified 4 papers that met the inclusion criteria and were subjected to a methodological appraisal by 2 reviewers. Three studies included qualitative data, with 2 using transcribed interviews. Two studies reported quantitative data, with only one study including a statistical analysis of the outcomes.DiscussionThe results for the efficacy of the current models of remote supervision being used within the allied health and psychology professions are limited, with methodological limitations cautioning generalisability of results. The experiences of psychologists engaged in remote supervision do not appear to have changed over the past decade despite technological advances.ConclusionsQuality professional supervision is critical for the sustainability of the psychology workforce in rural and remote locations, reducing professional isolation, and for improved patient outcomes. This review identified a need for improved evidence for remote supervision models for psychologists working in geographically rural and remote locations. Lessons can be learned from other health professions’ models of remote supervision.
Malignancies requiring temporal bone resection: An Australian single‐institution experience
Authors: Schachtel Michael J. C. , Gandhi Mitesh , Bowman James J. , Erian Christopher , Porceddu Sandro V. , Panizza Benedict J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundMalignancies in and around the temporal bone are aggressive and difficult to manage. In Queensland (Australia), where skin cancer rates are exceedingly high, tumours extending to the temporal bone from surrounding structures occur more commonly than primary cancers. Yet, a paucity of evidence exists as to their management and outcomes. This study aimed to review an Australian centre's experience of managing temporal and peritemporal bone malignancies, reporting on patient and tumour characteristics, treatment, and survival outcomes.MethodsRetrospective analysis of patients with primary temporal bone cancer and cancers extending to the temporal bone managed by the Queensland Skull Base Unit (Princess Alexandra Hospital) between 2000 and 2019.ResultsA total of 222 patients were identified, of which 203 (91.4%) had cutaneous primaries, with 167 (75.2%) being squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). 73.9% presented with locoregionally recurrent or residual disease. Secondary tumours (92.8%) were 12 times more frequent than primary malignancies (7.2%), with the preauricular subsite the most common (45.5%). In the 201 patients (90.5%) who underwent curative intent surgery, 5‐year overall survival, disease‐free survival (DFS), and disease‐specific survival was 46.6%, 52.2%, and 65.9%, respectively. The preauricular subsite (p = 0.004), melanoma (vs. SCC, p = 0.027), involved margins (p < 0.001), and pathologically involved nodes (p < 0.001) were associated with significantly worse DFS.ConclusionThis is one of the largest studies of temporal bone malignancy in the literature, comprised primarily of secondary cutaneous malignancies. Although clear differences in epidemiological characteristics exist around the world, survival remains poor. Treatment should focus on achieving a clear margin of resection to optimize outcomes.
Comparison of small incision lenticule extraction and transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy in terms of visual quality in myopia patients
Authors: Lin Meng , Zhou Haitao , Hu Zhongli , Huang Jinhai , Lu Fan , Hu Liang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeTo comprehensively compare visual quality between small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (tPRK).MethodsSixty‐four eyes in the SMILE group and 42 eyes in the tPRK group were enrolled in this study. In both groups, visual acuity, manifest refraction, higher‐order aberrations (HOAs), contrast sensitivity (CS) at four spatial frequencies (3, 6, 12, 18 c/d) under three conditions (photopic, low glare, high glare), the cut‐off value of the modulation transfer function (MTFcut‐off), the objective scatter index (OSI) and the Strehl ratio (SR) were measured preoperatively and 1, 3 and 6 months postoperatively.ResultsAt 6 months postoperatively, the SMILE and tPRK groups showed similar safety, efficacy and predictability. Additionally, MTFcut‐off, SR and OSI exhibited comparable results. In contrast, the photopic area under the logarithm of the CS function (AULCSF) showed better outcomes in the tPRK group than in the SMILE group (SMILE versus tPRK: 1.21 ± 0.10 versus 1.25 ± 0.09, p = 0.014). Furthermore, the induced coma aberrations were larger in the SMILE group (SMILE versus tPRK: 0.10 ± 0.16 versus 0.06 ± 0.12, 95% CI [0.08, 0.31], p < 0.0001).ConclusionsBoth SMILE and tPRK obtained comparable visual quality at 6 months postoperatively, accompanied by better photopic CS and smaller induced coma aberrations with tPRK. Paying more attention to alignment or developing a centration technique would be beneficial for visual quality when performing SMILE.
Prenatal nicotine exposure was associated with long‐term impact on the cardiovascular system and regulation—Review
Authors: Nordenstam Felicia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this structured review was to discuss knowledge of nicotine use during pregnancy and long‐term effects on children's cardiovascular function.MethodsPubMed and MEDLINE were searched for original papers that covered various forms of nicotine exposure during pregnancy and this identified 314 papers published in English from inception of the databases to 1 March 2021. The research focus was prenatal exposure that had long‐term effects on the cardiovascular system. The search was expanded from the reference list of the selected papers, which identified another 17 papers.ResultsThe 34 original papers that were included covered 172,696 subjects from foetuses to 19 years of age. Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction was discussed in 12 of the papers and 16 studies reported on blood pressure. The remaining studies covered structural or functional changes in arterial wall or heart. There were convincing data on autonomic dysfunction and increased blood pressure. Some data were conflicting and problems with misclassification of exposure were evident.ConclusionPrenatal nicotine exposure was associated with long‐term developmental changes in the cardiovascular system and regulation. There were no safe periods, doses or nicotine products during pregnancy and women should abstain when planning a pregnancy.
Interferon‐α‐2b aerosol inhalation is associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease‐2019
Authors: Yu Jiong , Lu Xuan , Tong Ling , Shi Xiaowei , Ma Jing , Lv Feifei , Wu Jian , Pan Qiaoling , Yang Jinfeng , Cao Hongcui , Li Lanjuan 
Published: May 2021

AimsType 1 interferon (IFN) is used to treat patients with coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) but robust supporting evidence is lacking. We investigated the association between IFN‐α‐2b and the clinical outcomes of patients with COVID‐19.MethodsA total of 1401 patients were enrolled, with 852 (60.8%) patients receiving 5 000 000 U of IFN‐α‐2b via aerosol inhalation twice daily. The primary outcome was a composite measure consisting of mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death. A subgroup analysis was performed to investigate the impact of the IFN‐α‐2b initiation schedule on symptom onset.ResultsThe risk probability for crude endpoints was lower in the IFN‐α‐2b group (3.8%) than in the non‐IFN‐α‐2b group (9.3%, P < .001). After adjusting the confounding factors, IFN‐α‐2b therapy achieved a reduction of 64% in occurrence of endpoint events (hazard ratio, 0.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21–0.62). In the subgroup analysis, compared with patients who received IFN‐α‐2b treatment 0–2 days after symptom onset, the hazard ratio for endpoints was 2.2 (95% CI, 0.43–11.13) in patients who received the therapy 3–5 days after symptom onset, 5.89 (95% CI, 0.99–35.05) in patients who received the therapy 6–8 days after symptom onset, and remained at a high level thereafter.ConclusionsIFN‐α‐2b aerosol inhalation therapy may be associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with COVID‐19, and delayed IFN‐α‐2b intervention was associated with increased probabilities of risk events. Further randomized clinical trials are needed to validate the preliminary findings of this study.
First‐in‐human trial assessing the pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic profile of a novel recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin in healthy women and men of reproductive age
Authors: Broksø Kyhl Lars‐Erik , Hesse Christiane , Larsson Per , Bruzelius Katharina , Mannaerts Bernadette 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this first‐in‐human trial was to examine the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of a novel recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin (rhCG; FE 999302, choriogonadotropin beta) to support its clinical development for various therapeutic indications. The single and multiple dose PK of choriogonadotropin beta (CG beta) were evaluated in women and the single dose PK and PD of CG beta were compared to those of CG alfa in men. CG beta was safe and well‐tolerated in all 84 healthy subjects. In women, the area under the curve (AUC) and the peak serum concentration (Cmax) increased approximately dose proportionally following single and multiple doses of CG beta. The apparent clearance (CL/F) was ~ 0.5 L/h, the mean terminal half‐life (t½) ~ 45 h and the apparent distribution volume (Vz/F) ~ 30 L. After single administration in men, the mean AUC was 1.5‐fold greater for CG beta than for CG alfa. Mean Cmax and Vz/F were comparable for the 2 preparations. In accordance with the differences in AUC, the CL/F was lower for CG beta (CL/F 0.5 vs. 0.8 L/h), explained by a longer t½ (47 vs. 32 h). Serum testosterone levels induced by a single dose rhCG reflected the PK profiles with a slight delay, resulting in 59% higher AUC for CG beta. The PK parameters for CG beta were comparable in men and in women. In conclusion, the PK differs between the two rhCG preparations, causing higher exposure and a higher PD response for CG beta, which may require relatively lower therapeutic doses.
Effects of vancomycin‐induced gut microbiome alteration on the pharmacodynamics of metformin in healthy male subjects
Authors: Kim Eunwoo , Kim Andrew Hyoungjin , Lee Yujin , Ji Sang Chun , Cho Joo‐Youn , Yu Kyung‐Sang , Chung Jae‐Yong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMetformin is a major treatment for type 2 diabetes. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of gut microbiome dysbiosis on the pharmacokinetics and antihyperglycemic effects of metformin. Healthy adult males aged 19–45 years with no defecation abnormalities were recruited for this 4‐period clinical study: baseline; post‐metformin (i.e., multiple oral doses of 1000 mg metformin on days 1–4); post‐vancomycin (i.e., multiple oral doses of 500 mg vancomycin on days 11–17 inducing gut microbiome changes); and post‐metformin + vancomycin (i.e., multiple oral doses of 1000 mg metformin on days 16–19). In each period, serum glucose and insulin concentrations following an oral glucose tolerance test, fecal samples for gut microbiome composition, and safety data were obtained. Following metformin dosing, plasma and urine samples for pharmacokinetics were collected. Nine subjects completed the study. The pharmacokinetics of metformin remained unchanged, and the antihyperglycemic effect was significantly decreased after vancomycin administration (p value = 0.039), demonstrating the weak relationship between the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of metformin. Relative abundances of some genus were changed after vancomycin administration, and tended to correlate with the antihyperglycemic effects of metformin (p value = 0.062 for Erysipelatoclostridium; p value = 0.039 for Enterobacter; and p value = 0.086 for Faecalibacterium). Adverse events occurred in all subjects and were resolved without sequelae. In conclusion, a decrease in the antihyperglycemic effect of metformin was observed after concomitant administration with vancomycin, without changes in metformin pharmacokinetics. The antihyperglycemic effect was tended to correlate with the relative abundance of several genus, suggesting that the effect of metformin is partly attributable to the gut microbiome (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03809260).
Particle size affects pharmacokinetics of milled oxycodone hydrochloride tablet products following nasal insufflation in nondependent, recreational opioid users
Authors: Raofi Saeid , Kinjo Minori , Sun Dajun , Li Zhichuan , Boyce Heather , Natarajan Karthika , Frost Mitchell , Zhao Liang , Luke Markham , Lionberger Robert , Kelsh Debra , Kim Myong‐Jin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study assessed the impact of product particle sizes (fine: 106–500 µm; coarse: 500–1000 µm) on oxycodone pharmacokinetics (PK) following nasal insufflation of milled oxycodone extended‐release (ER) abuse‐deterrent (AD) tablets using immediate‐release (IR) non‐AD product as reference. Additionally, this study assessed the effects of different excipient to drug ratio (EDR) by comparing two products with fine particle size but different EDRs, again using IR non‐AD as the control. Thirty milligrams of oxycodone were administered in each treatment. Coarsely milled 30 mg ER tablets demonstrated significantly lower maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and partial areas under the concentration‐time curve (AUCs) than those of the finely milled IR tablets. Finely milled ER tablets demonstrated similar Cmax and partial AUCs but higher total systemic exposures than those of finely milled IR tablets. Finely milled 80 mg ER tablets were bioequivalent to IR tablet on all parameters. The finely milled 30 mg ER tablet was not bioequivalent to the coarsely milled 30 mg ER tablet and had higher values for all parameters. The finely milled 30 mg ER tablets (EDR 6.9) showed no PK differences with finely milled 80 mg ER tablets (EDR 4.9). No serious adverse events were reported. The study demonstrated a significant effect of particle sizes (106–1000 µm) on PK of milled and insufflated oxycodone ER AD tablets. EDR difference did not have any significant effects on the PK of finely milled oxycodone ER AD tablets. Particle size distribution should be considered when nasal AD properties of opioid drug products are investigated during drug development.
Left ventricular outflow tract area after percutaneous transseptal transcatheter mitral valve implantation: A three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography study
Authors: Hayashi Atsushi , Ikenaga Hiroki , Nagaura Takafumi , Yoshida Jun , Uno Goki , Rader Florian , Makar Moody , Chakravarty Tarun , Siegel Robert J. , Kar Saibal , Makkar Raj R. , Shiota Takahiro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundLeft ventricular (LV) outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction increases mortality in patients undergoing transcatheter mitral valve implantation (TMVI) in degenerated bioprostheses, annuloplasty rings, and native mitral valves. We aimed to evaluate the LVOT area after TMVI using 3‐dimensional (3D) transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and to investigate the preprocedural cardiac geometry that affects the LVOT area after TMVI.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed echocardiography data in 43 patients who had TMVI. A change in pressure gradient across LVOT from before to after TMVI (∆PG) and postprocedure 3D LVOT cross‐sectional area at the level of the most distal portion of the mitral valve stent that was closest to the LV apex were assessed as evidence of LVOT narrowing.ResultsTranscatheter mitral valve implantation with the use of balloon‐expandable valve system was performed for 24 bioprostheses, 7 annuloplasty rings, and 12 native valves. Compared to patients without increase in LVOT gradient (∆PG <10 mm Hg; n = 33), patients with increase in LVOT gradient (∆PG ≥10 mm Hg; n = 10) had smaller LV end‐systolic volume (LVESV), greater LV ejection fraction (LVEF), and smaller aorto‐mitral (AM) angle. The LVOT area at the valve stent distal edge showed strong association with ∆PG (r = −.68, P < .0001). Only a small AM angle was associated with a small LVOT area at the valve stent distal edge on multivariable analysis, independent of LVESV and LVEF.ConclusionSmall LV size, preserved LVEF, and small AM angle were associated with LVOT narrowing. 3D‐derived AM angle might be independently associated with LVOT narrowing in patients undergoing transcatheter mitral valve‐in‐valve, valve‐in‐ring, and valve‐in‐native valve implantation, independent of LVESV and LVEF.
A novel assay for screening WIP1 phosphatase substrates in nuclear extracts
Authors: Storchova Radka , Burdova Kamila , Palek Matous , Medema René H. , Macurek Libor 
Published: May 2021

Upon exposure to genotoxic stress, cells activate DNA damage response (DDR) that coordinates DNA repair with a temporal arrest in the cell cycle progression. DDR is triggered by activation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated/ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3‐related protein kinases that phosphorylate multiple targets including tumor suppressor protein tumor suppressor p53 (p53). In addition, DNA damage can activate parallel stress response pathways [such as mitogen‐activated protein kinase p38 alpha (p38)/MAPK‐activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) kinases] contributing to establishing the cell cycle arrest. Wild‐type p53‐induced phosphatase 1 (WIP1) controls timely inactivation of DDR and is needed for recovery from the G2 checkpoint by counteracting the function of p53. Here, we developed a simple in vitro assay for testing WIP1 substrates in nuclear extracts. Whereas we did not detect any activity of WIP1 toward p38/MK2, we confirmed p53 as a substrate of WIP1. Inhibition or inactivation of WIP1 in U2OS cells increased phosphorylation of p53 at S15 and potentiated its acetylation at K382. Further, we identified Deleted in breast cancer gene 1 (DBC1) as a new substrate of WIP1 but surprisingly, depletion of DBC1 did not interfere with the ability of WIP1 to regulate p53 acetylation. Instead, we have found that WIP1 activity suppresses p53‐K382 acetylation by inhibiting the interaction between p53 and the acetyltransferase p300. Newly established phosphatase assay allows an easy comparison of WIP1 ability to dephosphorylate various proteins and thus contributes to identification of its physiological substrates.
Oxalic extraction of high methoxyl pectin and its application as a stabiliser
Authors: Huang Ying‐Xing , Qi Jun‐Ru , Liao Jin‐song , Jiang Wen‐Xin , Cao Yong , Xiao Jie , Yang Xiao‐Quan 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThe objective of this work was to extract high methoxyl (HM) pectin with oxalic acid, characterise its physicochemical properties and evaluate its dispersion stability in acidified milk drink (AMD). HPSEC–MALLS analysis revealed that the obtained HM pectin was high in molecular weight (522.4 kDa). The ζ‐potential of the obtained HM pectin in aqueous solution at pH 4.0 was −31.5 mV. The AFM images proved that the obtained HM pectin contained several long linear molecules. The apparent diameter of AMD stabilised by the obtained HM pectin was 636 nm at the concentration of 3.0‰. The stability analysis of AMD and the microscopic observation with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) proved that the obtained HM pectin was a prominent stabiliser in AMD.
Glass forming region and bonding mechanism of low‐melting V2O5–TeO2–Bi2O3 glass applied in vacuum glazing sealing
Authors: Li Hong , Yu Haotian , Chen Peng , Yue Yi , Cao Xin , Shi Lifen , Li Changqing , Xiong Dehua 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAs a new kind of energy‐saving glass, vacuum glazing has excellent thermal and sound insulation properties and is widely used in building, household appliances and solar photovoltaic. The edge sealing material, along with sealing method, is key to the fabrication of vacuum glazing. Low transition temperature (Tg) and good fluidity at sealing temperature (Ts) make low‐melting glass of V2O5–TeO2–Bi2O3 (VTB) system perfect to be the edge sealing material for vacuum glazing. The glass forming region of VTB ternary system was mapped for the first time in this work. Low‐melting VTB glass of 40V2O5–50TeO2–5Bi2O3–3ZnO–2Na2O (wt%) was optimized to be the sealing material. Glass powder of this composition could be used to seal the edges of vacuum glazing at an extremely low temperature of 360°C. With the assistance of anodic‐bonding method, the bonding strength of vacuum glazing was dramatically enhanced. Vacuum glazing fabricated under the optimized process parameters of 420°C, 600 V, and 60 min possesses a highest bonding strength of 4.31 MPa. Furthermore, anodic‐bonding mechanism of low‐melting VTB glass applied in vacuum glazing sealing has been thoroughly researched.
LjaFGD: Lonicera japonica functional genomics database
Authors: Xiao Qiaoqiao , Li Zhongqiu , Qu Mengmeng , Xu Wenying , Su Zhen , Yang Jiaotong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLonicera japonica Thunb., a traditional Chinese herb, has been used for treating human diseases for thousands of years. Recently, the genome of L. japonica has been decoded, providing valuable information for research into gene function. However, no comprehensive database for gene functional analysis and mining is available for L. japonica. We therefore constructed LjaFGD (www.gzybioinformatics.cn/LjaFGD and bioinformatics.cau.edu.cn/LjaFGD), a database for analyzing and comparing gene function in L. japonica. We constructed a gene co‐expression network based on 77 RNA‐seq samples, and then annotated genes of L. japonica by alignment against protein sequences from public databases. We also introduced several tools for gene functional analysis, including Blast, motif analysis, gene set enrichment analysis, heatmap analysis, and JBrowse. Our co‐expression network revealed that MYB and WRKY transcription factor family genes were co‐expressed with genes encoding key enzymes in the biosynthesis of chlorogenic acid and luteolin in L. japonica. We used flavonol synthase 1 (LjFLS1) as an example to show the reliability and applicability of our database. LjaFGD and its various associated tools will provide researchers with an accessible platform for retrieving functional information on L. japonica genes to further biological discovery.