bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coastal change patterns from time series clustering of permanent laser scan data
Authors: Kuschnerus Mieke , Lindenbergh Roderik , Vos Sander 
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Sandy coasts are constantly changing environments governed by complex, interacting processes. Permanent laser scanning is a promising technique to monitor such coastal areas and to support analysis of geomorphological deformation processes. This novel technique delivers 3-D representations of the coast at hourly temporal and centimetre spatial resolution and allows us to observe small-scale changes in elevation over extended periods of time. These observations have the potential to improve understanding and modelling of coastal deformation processes. However, to be of use to coastal researchers and coastal management, an efficient way to find and extract deformation processes from the large spatiotemporal data set is needed.
To enable automated data mining, we extract time series of surface elevation and use unsupervised learning algorithms to derive a partitioning of the observed area according to change patterns. We compare three well-known clustering algorithms (k-means clustering, agglomerative clustering and density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise; DBSCAN), apply them on the set of time series and identify areas that undergo similar evolution during 1 month. We test if these algorithms fulfil our criteria for suitable clustering on our exemplary data set. The three clustering methods are applied to time series over 30 d extracted from a data set of daily scans covering about 2 km of coast in Kijkduin, the Netherlands. A small section of the beach, where a pile of sand was accumulated by a bulldozer, is used to evaluate the performance of the algorithms against a ground truth. The k-means algorithm and agglomerative clustering deliver similar clusters, and both allow us to identify a fixed number of dominant deformation processes in sandy coastal areas, such as sand accumulation by a bulldozer or erosion in the intertidal area. The level of detail found with these algorithms depends on the choice of the number of clusters k. The DBSCAN algorithm finds clusters for only about 44 % of the area and turns out to be more suitable for the detection of outliers, caused, for example, by temporary objects on the beach. Our study provides a methodology to efficiently mine a spatiotemporal data set for predominant deformation patterns with the associated regions where they occur.
The Vertical City Weather Generator (VCWG v1.3.2)
Authors: Moradi Mohsen , Dyer Benjamin , Nazem Amir , Nambiar Manoj K. , Nahian M. Rafsan , Bueno Bruno , Mackey Chris , Vasanthakumar Saeran , Nazarian Negin , Krayenhoff E. Scott , Norford Leslie K. , Aliabadi Amir A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The Vertical City Weather Generator (VCWG) is a computationally efficient urban microclimate model developed to predict temporal and vertical variation of potential temperature, wind speed, specific humidity, and turbulent kinetic energy. It is composed of various sub-models: a rural model, an urban vertical diffusion model, a radiation model, and a building energy model. Forced with weather data from a nearby rural site, the rural model is used to solve for the vertical profiles of potential temperature, specific humidity, and friction velocity at 10 m a.g.l. The rural model also calculates a horizontal pressure gradient. The rural model outputs are applied to a vertical diffusion urban microclimate model that solves vertical transport equations for potential temperature, momentum, specific humidity, and turbulent kinetic energy. The urban vertical diffusion model is also coupled to the radiation and building energy models using two-way interaction. The aerodynamic and thermal effects of urban elements, surface vegetation, and trees are considered. The predictions of the VCWG model are compared to observations of the Basel UrBan Boundary Layer Experiment (BUBBLE) microclimate field campaign for 8 months from December 2001 to July 2002. The model evaluation indicates that the VCWG predicts vertical profiles of meteorological variables in reasonable agreement with the field measurements. The average bias, root mean square error (RMSE), and R2 for potential temperature are 0.25 K, 1.41 K, and 0.82, respectively. The average bias, RMSE, and R2 for wind speed are 0.67 m s−1, 1.06 m s−1, and 0.41, respectively. The average bias, RMSE, and R2 for specific humidity are 0.00057 kg kg−1, 0.0010 kg kg−1, and 0.85, respectively. In addition, the average bias, RMSE, and R2 for the urban heat island (UHI) are 0.36 K, 1.2 K, and 0.35, respectively. Based on the evaluation, the model performance is comparable to the performance of similar models. The performance of the model is further explored to investigate the effects of urban configurations such as plan and frontal area densities, varying levels of vegetation, building energy configuration, radiation configuration, seasonal variations, and different climate zones on the model predictions. The results obtained from the explorations are reasonably consistent with previous studies in the literature, justifying the reliability and computational efficiency of VCWG for operational urban development projects.
Avaliação do potencial para a geração de agregados carbono negativos no Brasil
Authors: Nascimento Luiza Silva do , Barbosa Kargean Vianna 
Published: February 2021

As mudanças climáticas são um problema ambiental que causa crescente preocupação na sociedade. Quando se busca solucionar esta questão, diminuir as emissões de CO2 e outros gases de efeito estufa se apresenta como um grande desafio. Diante disso, o objetivo desse trabalho foi determinar o potencial da produção de agregados para concreto carbono negativos no Brasil, utilizando CO2 capturado de usinas de etanol e escória de siderurgia como matérias primas. Essa avaliação foi conduzida através da determinação do local ideal para instalação deste empreendimento e da estimativa do custo de produção que permite a viabilidade deste produto. Para este fim, foram listadas e mapeadas possíveis fontes de dióxido de carbono e de escória, e operações de geoprocessamento foram aplicadas a esses dados para encontrar o local mais propício para a instalação do empreendimento. 410 usinas de açúcar e etanol e 28 usinas siderúrgicas foram listadas e mapeadas. Devido à grande disponibilidade de matéria prima e a pequena distância entre as fontes, o local considerado mais propício para a instalação desse empreendimento foi Piracicaba no estado de São Paulo. O custo de produção que permite a viabilidade do projeto foi de R$: 9.742.924 reais por ano, e apesar desse valor ser baixo, com incentivos governamentais a viabilidade desse empreendimento aumentaria consideravelmente, se tornando uma alternativa para a destinação de escória e uma forma lucrativa de reduzir emissões de dióxido de carbono.
Arrhythmias and Conduction Abnormalities after Surgical Repair of Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Lawgali Mohanad Abdulhadi Saleh , Mustafa Marium Mohamed , Feituri Rasmia H. , Halies Faiaz Ragab Salem 
Published: February 2021

Aims: To recognize cardiac arrhythmias and conduction abnormalities in children who underwent a surgical repair for congenital heart disease.
Patients and Methods: One hundred thirty one (131) patients underwent a surgical repair of congenital heart disease between 2000-2018, and follow-up period after surgery was from two months to eighteen years and our data was collected over 1 year “2018” by interview both children and parents, sixty-four patients (48.8%) were a cyanotic congenital heart disease (ACCHD),sixty-seven patients(51.1%) were cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD), (41.9%) were female, (58.1%) were male. Cyanotic congenital heart disease more common in male. These patients were evaluated by ECG to detect conduction abnormalities and arrhythmias, Holter monitoring in symptomatic patient.
Results: Types of abnormal heart rhythm found out by ECG, Holter monitoring, significant premature atrial contraction (PAC) in one patient post fontain, atrial fibrillation in two patients with post-operative (ASD) repaired. RBBB occur in 53 patients and was most common among post-operative (TOF) repaired (37 patients). Frequent ventricular ectopic in one patient with postoperative (TOF) repaired. Atrial tachycardia in one patient with Epstein anomaly, WPW in two patients with Epstein anomaly, complete heart blook in five patients, four of them post operative VSD repaired, one post fontain operation. Symptomatic bradycardia needs pace maker in one patient post fontan operation.
Conclusions: The Patient after repair of congenital heart defect needed follow-up for detection of arrhythmias, those with complex defect need more frequent follow-up because they prone more to arrhythmia than those with simple defect with no residual defect.
Epidemiology, Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Sexually Transmitted Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum Infections in Dschang, West Cameroon
Authors: Tadongfack Thomas Djifack , Nitcheu Irina Lydia Sudeu , Keubo François Roger Nguepy , Mutarambirwa Henri Donald , Tedjieu Romeo Hervis , Tatang Cyrille Tasson , Shey Delphine Ndfubu , Selabi Aline Camerl Nzeffouo 
Published: February 2021

Background: Genital Mycoplasmas play a key etiological role in several urogenital diseases among both Men and Women. Just to mention the few, they are often responsible of non-gonococcal urethritis, spontaneous abortion, preterm birth, low birth weight, infertility and perinatal mortality.
Aim: The study aimed to assess the prevalence of genital infections with Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and their co-infection, as well as the susceptibility profiles to antibiotics commonly prescribed in Dschang, Cameroon.
Study Design: This was a 5-years retrospective cross-sectional study (including data from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019) conducted at Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital in Dschang, Cameroon.
Methods: Data of 338 participants received at the Gyneco-obstetric and Internal Medicine units, properly recorded, were collected from the Hospital Microbiology Laboratory records.
Results: The overall prevalence to genital Mycoplasmas was 57.4%, with 44.4% attributed to Ureaplasma urealyticum, 5.9% to Mycoplasma hominis and 7.1% to the Co-infection with the two bacteria isolates. Josamycin was the most sensitive antibiotic against Ureaplasma urealyticum (85.3%) and the co-infection (91.7%). Mycoplasma hominis isolates were more susceptible to three fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines with an equal sensitivity rate of 80.0%. Emphasis is on the increasing resistance of co-infection towards Macrolides (83.3%). Summarily, Josamycin was the antibiotic to which genital Mycoplasmas showed the lowest resistance rate (6.2%) while the highest (62.9%) was attributed to Acetylspyramycin.
Conclusion: The implementation of health policies in Cameroon should optimize on mechanisms of diagnosis, proper treatment and monitoring the antibiotic resistance of commonly isolated genital Mycoplasmas, regarding their impact on reproductive health.
Bayesian Joint Models for Longitudinal and Survival Data
Authors: Armero Carmen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article takes a quick look at Bayesian joint models (BJMs) for longitudinal and survival data. A general formulation for BJM is examined in terms of the sampling distribution of the longitudinal and survival processes, the conditional distribution of the random effects, and the prior distribution. Next, a basic BJM defined in terms of a mixed linear model and a Cox survival regression models is discussed, and some extensions and other Bayesian topics are briefly outlined.
Financial Crises and the Macroeconomy
Authors: Flood Mark D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article provides an overview of the literature on systemic financial risk and its connection to broad empirical patterns in the macroeconomy. Disruptions in the financial sector (systemic risk) can impair real economic outcomes. Historically, financial crises have played a key role in the business cycle, often triggering a general contraction of credit that initiates a phase of reduced employment and economic output.
Bayesian Analysis of Seismic Events
Authors: Rotondi R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEarthquakes are natural disasters that can have some of the most destructive impacts on society and the environment. Also, due to the shaking of the surface of the Earth that results from sudden release of energy in the Earth lithosphere, earthquakes can trigger other natural disasters, such as volcanic eruptions, landslides, avalanches, tsunamis, and floods. The earthquake‐generation process is a complex phenomenon that manifests as nonlinear dynamics in a wide array of spatial, temporal, and size scales, which range from centimeters to thousands of kilometers, from seconds to many thousands of years, and from weak events that cannot be perceived by the population to those with a violence that wreaks destruction across entire cities. In addition, the details of the space–time dynamics are not observable, and for most events, it is just the time, location, and proxy measures of the released energy that are recorded in catalogs which show increasing quality from the historical to the recent instrumental ones. In this context, Bayesian statistics is particularly suitable to incorporate statistical uncertainty associated with parameter estimation, in addition to the inherent uncertainty that is associated with the randomness of earthquake occurrences. With the development of new computational tools in recent years, the number of applications of Bayesian statistics in seismology has increased, even if many of them do not follow fully subjective approach, but rather those defined as frequentist‐Bayes and quasi‐Bayes approaches.
Financial Crisis of 2007–2009
Authors: Flood Mark D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe global financial crisis of 2007–2009 is a case study in both the potential and failure of statistical measurement in economics. In the run‐up to the crisis, faulty measurement and modeling of credit risk in mortgage markets contributed to an accumulation of risk exposures, while standard macroeconometric methodologies largely failed to foresee the potential hazards. The crisis provoked a dramatic restructuring of regulatory frameworks and policy practices.
Image synthesis of monoenergetic CT image in dual‐energy CT using kilovoltage CT with deep convolutional generative adversarial networks
Authors: Kawahara Daisuke , Ozawa Shuichi , Kimura Tomoki , Nagata Yasushi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeTo synthesize a dual‐energy computed tomography (DECT) image from an equivalent kilovoltage computed tomography (kV‐CT) image using a deep convolutional adversarial network.MethodsA total of 18,084 images of 28 patients are categorized into training and test datasets. Monoenergetic CT images at 40, 70, and 140 keV and equivalent kV‐CT images at 120 kVp are reconstructed via DECT and are defined as the reference images. An image prediction framework is created to generate monoenergetic computed tomography (CT) images from kV‐CT images. The accuracy of the images generated by the CNN model is determined by evaluating the mean absolute error (MAE), mean square error (MSE), relative root mean square error (RMSE), peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity index (SSIM), and mutual information between the synthesized and reference monochromatic CT images. Moreover, the pixel values between the synthetic and reference images are measured and compared using a manually drawn region of interest (ROI).ResultsThe difference in the monoenergetic CT numbers of the ROIs between the synthetic and reference monoenergetic CT images is within the standard deviation values. The MAE, MSE, RMSE, and SSIM are the smallest for the image conversion of 120 kVp to 140 keV. The PSNR is the smallest and the MI is the largest for the synthetic 70 keV image.ConclusionsThe proposed model can act as a suitable alternative to the existing methods for the reconstruction of monoenergetic CT images in DECT from single‐energy CT images.
Deep brain stimulation effects on verbal fluency dissociated by target and active contact location
Authors: John Kevin D. , Wylie Scott A. , Dawant Benoit M. , Rodriguez William J. , Phibbs Fenna T. , Bradley Elise B. , Neimat Joseph S. , van Wouwe Nelleke C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveDeep brain stimulation (DBS) improves motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but it can also disrupt verbal fluency with significant costs to quality of life. The current study investigated how variability of bilateral active electrode coordinates along the superior/inferior, anterior/posterior, and lateral/medial axes in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) or the globus pallidus interna (GPi) contribute to changes in verbal fluency. We predicted that electrode location in the left hemisphere would be linked to changes in fluency, especially in the STN.MethodsForty PD participants treated with bilateral DBS targeting STN (n = 23) or GPi (n = 17) completed verbal fluency testing in their optimally treated state before and after DBS therapy. Normalized atlas coordinates from left and right active electrode positions along superior/inferior, anterior/posterior, and lateral/medial axes were used to predict changes in fluency postoperatively, separately for patients with STN and GPi targets.ResultsConsistent with prior studies, fluency significantly declined pre‐ to postsurgery (in both DBS targets). In STN‐DBS patients, electrode position along the inferior to superior axis in the left STN was a significant predictor of fluency changes; relatively more superior left active electrode was associated with the largest fluency declines in STN. Electrode coordinates in right STN or GPi (left or right) did not predict fluency changes.InterpretationWe discuss these findings in light of putative mechanisms and potential clinical impact.
Adaptive multi‐dimensional Taylor network funnel control of a class of nonlinear systems with asymmetric input saturation
Authors: Han Yu‐Qun , Li Na , He Wen‐Jing , Zhu Shan‐Liang 
Published: February 2021

SummaryIn view of the result and performance of control are affected by the existence of input constraints and requirements, adaptive multi‐dimensional Taylor network (MTN) funnel control problem is studied for a class of nonlinear systems with asymmetric input saturation in this paper. Firstly, the effect of asymmetric input saturation can overcome by introducing the Gaussian error function, namely, the asymmetric saturation model is represented as a simple linear model with a bounded disturbance. Secondly, MTNs are employed to approximate the unknown functions in the controller design. Then, an adaptive MTN tracking controller is developed by blends the idea of funnel control into backstepping, which can guarantee that the tracking error always meets the given prescribed performance regarding the transient and steady state responses as well as the output of system tracks the give continuous reference signal. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control is demonstrated using two examples.
Remote Switching of Elastic Movement of Decorated Ligand Nanostructures Controls the Adhesion‐Regulated Polarization of Host Macrophages
Authors: Thangam Ramar , Kim Myeong Soo , Bae Gunhyu , Kim Yuri , Kang Nayeon , Lee Sungkyu , Jung Hee Joon , Jang Jinhyeok , Choi Hyojun , Li Na , Kim Minjin , Park Sangwoo , Kim Seong Yeol , Koo Thomas Myeongseok , Fu Hong En , Jeon Yoo Sang , Ambriović‐Ristov Andreja , Song Jae‐Jun , Kim Soo Young , Park Steve , Wei Qiang , Ko Changhyun , Lee Ki‐Bum , Paulmurugan Ramasamy , Kim Young Keun , Kang Heemin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDesign of materials with remote switchability of the movement of decorated nanostructures presenting cell‐adhesive Arg‐Gly‐Asp ligand can decipher dynamic cell‐material interactions in decorated ligand nanostructures. In this study, the decoration of ligand‐bearing gold nanoparticles (ligand‐AuNPs) on the magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) with varying ligand‐AuNP densities is demonstrated, which are flexibly coupled to substrate in various MNP densities to maintain constant macroscopic ligand density. Magnetic switching of upward (“Upper Mag”) or downward (“Lower Mag”) movement of varying ligand‐AuNPs is shown via stretching and compression of the elastic linker, respectively. High ligand‐AuNP densities promote macrophage adhesion‐regulated M2 polarization that inhibits M1 polarization. Remote switching of downward movement (“Lower Mag”) of ligand‐AuNPs facilitates macrophage adhesion‐regulated M2 polarization, which is conversely suppressed by their upward movement (“Upper Mag”), both in vitro and in vivo. These findings are consistent with human primary macrophages. These results provide fundamental understanding into designing materials with decorated nanostructures in both high ligand‐AuNP density and downward movement of the ligand‐AuNPs toward the substrate to stimulate adhesion‐regulated M2 polarization of macrophages while suppressing pro‐inflammatory M1 polarization, thereby facilitating tissue‐healing responses.
Insight into the Solid Electrolyte Interphase Formation in Bis(fluorosulfonyl)Imide Based Ionic Liquid Electrolytes
Authors: Jafta Charl J. , Sun Xiao‐Guang , Lyu Hailong , Chen Hao , Thapaliya Bishnu P. , Heller William T. , Cuneo Matthew J. , Mayes Richard T. , Paranthaman Mariappan Parans , Dai Sheng , Bridges Craig A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe formation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in an ionic liquid electrolyte of 0.5 m lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) in 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide at high cell voltages (1.7–1.9 V) is investigated in ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) based Li metal cells using an operando small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS) technique coupled with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It is demonstrated that discharging the OMC Li metal cells to ≈2 V and holding the cell voltage constant induces a rapid current increase with time, confirming extensive reduction and SEI formation. XPS analysis reveals that LiF is formed at open cell voltage (OCV), which is attributed to the carbenes generated at the lithium negative electrode because of its reaction with EMIm cation diffusing to and initiating the reaction with FSI− anions at the carbon positive electrode. It is confirmed that the chemical reaction at OCV and electrochemical reduction at high cell voltage of the FSI− anion plays a protective role against EMIm cation co‐intercalation into the carbon positive electrode during the initial discharge. Operando SANS studies also suggest that slight differences occur in the surface composition and reaction mechanism as a function of cell voltage.
Redox Photochemistry on Van Der Waals Surfaces for Reversible Doping in 2D Materials
Authors: Huang Lingli , Yang Tiefeng , Wong Lok Wing , Zheng Fangyuan , Chen Xin , Lai Ka Hei , Liu Haijun , Thi Quoc Huy , Shen Dong , Lee Chun‐Sing , Deng Qingming , Zhao Jiong , Ly Thuc Hue 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDespite the van der Waals (vdW) surfaces are usually chemically inert, un‐destructive, scalable, and reversible redox reactions are introduced on the vdW surfaces of 2D anisotropic semiconductors ReX2 (X = S or Se) facilitated by simple photochemistry. Ultraviolet (UV) light (with humid) and laser exposure can reversibly oxidize and reduce rhenium disulfide (ReS2) and rhenium diselenide (ReSe2), respectively, yielding a pronounced doping effect with good control. Evidenced by Raman spectroscopy, dynamic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the grafting and removal of covalently functionalized oxygen groups on the perfect vdW surfaces are confirmed. The optical and electrical properties can be thereby reversibly tunable in wide ranges. Such optical direct‐writing and rewritable capability via solvent/contaminant‐free approach for chemical doping are compelling in the coming era of 2D materials.