bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A community-centered approach to sickle cell disease and clinical trial participation: an evaluation of perceptions, facilitators, and barriers
Authors: Lee LaTasha H. , Whisenton LaShanta H. , Benger Jasmine , Lanzkron Sophie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common inherited red blood cell disorder in the United States, affecting 70 000 to 100 000 Americans and causing a range of serious medical complications. Although the cause of SCD was established decades ago, existing therapies have varied effectiveness and side effects, and development of novel therapies has been slow. The limitations of existing treatment options highlight the need for new therapies that are aligned with the desires of the community. To date, little has been done to systematically seek and report the opinions and experiences of people with SCD regarding clinical research. In 2019, the American Society of Hematology Research Collaborative conducted 8 community workshops across the United States engaging 472 people, including persons with SCD and caregivers of those living with the disease. The workshop goals included assessing understanding, awareness, and perceptions of clinical research; and identifying the most critical clinical trial considerations of this community. Participants were asked about their experiences living with SCD and their satisfaction with treatment options. Pain and fatigue were reported as symptoms requiring better therapies. Although few participants reported being asked to enroll in a clinical trial, they expressed conditional willingness to participate. A majority were willing to share personal health information to further research and improve health outcomes. To actively engage the SCD community and increase enrollment and retention in clinical trials, researchers should address the treatment priorities of this population and ensure they have access to trusted information about clinical research and opportunities for participation.
A simplified frailty score predicts survival and can aid treatment-intensity decisions in older patients with DLBCL
Authors: Isaksen Kathrine T. , Mastroianni Maria Adele , Rinde Marit , Rusten Leiv Sindre , Barzenje Dlawer Abdulla , Ramslien Lloyd Frode , Slaaen Marit , Jerm Marianne Brenn , Smeland Erlend B. , Rostoft Siri , Liestøl Knut , Brodtkorb Marianne , Holte Harald 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) have a median age of 70 years. Yet, empirical knowledge about the treatment of older patients is limited because they are frequently excluded from clinical trials. We aimed to construct a simplified frailty score and examine survival and treatment-related mortality (TRM) according to frailty status and treatment intensity in an older real-world population with DLBCL. All patients aged ≥70 years diagnosed with DLBCL between 2006 and 2016 in southeastern Norway (N = 784) were included retrospectively and divided into training (n = 522) and validation (n = 262) cohorts. We constructed and validated a frailty score based on geriatric assessment variables and examined survival and TRM according to frailty status and treatment. The frailty score identified 3 frailty groups with distinct survival and TRM, independent of established prognostic factors (2-year overall survival [OS]: fit, 82%; unfit, 47%; frail, 14%; P &lt; .001). For fit patients, full-dose R-CHOP (initial dosage &gt;80%) was associated with better survival than attenuated R-CHOP ([R-miniCHOP]; 2-year OS: 86% vs 70%; P = .012), also in adjusted analyses. For unfit and frail patients, full-dose R-CHOP was not superior to R-miniCHOP, whereas an anthracycline-free regimen was associated with poorer survival in adjusted analyses. A simplified frailty score identified unfit and frail patients with a higher risk for death and TRM, which can aid treatment-intensity decisions in older patients with DLBCL. In this study, fit patients benefited from full-dose R-CHOP, whereas unfit and frail patients had no benefit from full-dose R-CHOP over R-miniCHOP. An online calculator for assessment of the frailty score is available at https://wide.shinyapps.io/app-frailty/.
Overexpression of a Novel ERF-X-Type Transcription Factor, OsERF106MZ, Reduces Shoot Growth and Tolerance to Salinity Stress in Rice
Authors: Chen Hung-Chi , Chien Tzu-Cheng , Chen Tsung-Yang , Chiang Ming-Hau , Lai Ming-Hsin , Chang Men-Chi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTranscription factors (TFs) such as ethylene-responsive factors (ERFs) are important for regulating plant growth, development, and responses to abiotic stress. Notably, more than half of the rice ERF-X group members, including ethylene-responsive factor 106 (OsERF106), are abiotic stress-responsive genes. However, their regulatory roles in abiotic stress responses remain poorly understood. OsERF106, a salinity-induced gene of unknown function, is annotated differently in RAP-DB and MSU RGAP. In this study, we isolated a novel (i.e., previously unannotated) OsERF106 gene, designated OsERF106MZ (GenBank accession No. MZ561461), and investigated its role in regulating growth and the response to salinity stress in rice. OsERF106MZ is expressed in germinating seeds, primary roots, and developing flowers. Overexpression of OsERF106MZ led to retardation of growth, relatively high levels of both malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced catalase (CAT) activity, and overaccumulation of both sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) ions in transgenic rice shoots. Additionally, the expression of OsHKT1.3 was downregulated in the shoots of transgenic seedlings grown under both normal and NaCl-treated conditions, while the expression of OsAKT1 was upregulated in the same tissues grown under NaCl-treated conditions. Further microarray and qPCR analyses indicated that the expression of several abiotic stress-responsive genes such as OsABI5 and OsSRO1c was also altered in the shoots of transgenic rice grown under either normal or NaCl-treated conditions. The novel transcription factor OsERF106MZ negatively regulates shoot growth and salinity tolerance in rice through the disruption of ion homeostasis and modulation of stress-responsive gene expression.
Characterization and genomic analysis of the first Oceanospirillum phage, vB_OliS_GJ44, representing a novel siphoviral cluster
Authors: Zhang Wenjing , Liang Yantao , Zheng Kaiyang , Gu Chengxiang , Liu Yundan , Wang Ziyue , Zhang Xinran , Shao Hongbing , Jiang Yong , Guo Cui , He Hui , Wang Hualong , Sung Yeong Yik , Mok Wen Jye , Zhang Yuzhong , McMinn Andrew , Wang Min 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundMarine bacteriophages play key roles in the community structure of microorganisms, biogeochemical cycles, and the mediation of genetic diversity through horizontal gene transfer. Recently, traditional isolation methods, complemented by high-throughput sequencing metagenomics technology, have greatly increased our understanding of the diversity of bacteriophages.Oceanospirillum,within the orderOceanospirillales, are important symbiotic marine bacteria associated with hydrocarbon degradation and algal blooms, especially in polar regions. However, until now there has been no isolate of an Oceanospirillum bacteriophage, and so details of their metagenome has remained unknown.ResultsHere, we reported the first Oceanospirillum phage, vB_OliS_GJ44, which was assembled into a 33,786 bp linear dsDNA genome, which includes abundant tail-related and recombinant proteins. The recombinant module was highly adapted to the host, according to the tetranucleotides correlations. Genomic and morphological analyses identified vB_OliS_GJ44 as a siphovirus, however, due to the distant evolutionary relationship with any other known siphovirus, it is proposed that this virus could be classified as the type phage of a newOceanospirivirusgenus within theSiphoviridaefamily. vB_OliS_GJ44 showed synteny with six uncultured phages, which supports its representation in uncultured environmental viral contigs from metagenomics. Homologs of several vB_OliS_GJ44 genes have mostly been found in marine metagenomes, suggesting the prevalence of this phage genus in the oceans.ConclusionsThese results describe the first Oceanospirillum phage, vB_OliS_GJ44, that represents a novel viral cluster and exhibits interesting genetic features related to phage–host interactions and evolution. Thus, we propose a new viral genusOceanospiriviruswithin theSiphoviridaefamily to reconcile this cluster, with vB_OliS_GJ44 as a representative member.
Incongruence between dominant commensal donor microbes in recipient feces post fecal transplant and response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy
Authors: Koo Hyunmin , Morrow Casey D. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
To understand inter-individual variability of fecal microbe transplantation (FMT) to enhance anti-PD-1 immunotherapy (IT) for melanoma, we analyzed the data sets from two recent publications with a microbial strain-tracking tool to determine if donor strains were dominant in the recipient feces following FMT.

Results
Analysis of the Baruch et al. data set found that the presence of commensal donor microbes in recipient feces post-FMT did not correlate with the patient response to IT. From the Davar et al., data set, we found 4 patients that responded to IT had donor’s related strain post-FMT, while 2 patients that did not respond to the IT also had donor’s strain post-FMT. Importantly, we identified no donor microbes in the feces in one recipient post-FMT that responded to IT. Furthermore, in depth analysis from two patients who responded to IT revealed both donor and recipient strains at different times post-FMT. Colonization of the gastrointestinal tract niches is important for the interaction with the host immune system. Using a separate data set, we show that mucosa from the cecum, transverse colon, and sigmoid colon share strains, providing a large reservoir of niches containing recipient microbes.

Conclusions
We demonstrated using strain-tracking analysis individual variation with the respect to the presence of fecal dominant donor microbes in the recipient following FMT that did not correlate with the response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. The inter-individual differences of FMT to enhance IT might be explained by the variability of the donor microbes to occupy and outcompete recipient microbes for the gastrointestinal niches. The result from our study supports the use of new approaches to clear the niches in the gastrointestinal tract to promote donor colonization to reduce inter-individual variability of IT for melanoma and potentially other cancers.
Predictors of mortality in acute pancreatitis complicated with multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection
Authors: Wu Di , Ding Junjie , Jia Yan , Liu Huanmiao , Xiao Jie , Peng Jie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae infections, from pancreatic infections to bloodstream infections, influence the mortality of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) on the condition of limited antibiotic choices. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictor of mortality among AP patients complicated with MDR-K. pneumoniae infections.

Methods
Seventy-one AP patients who occurred MDR-K. pneumoniae infections from August 1st, 2016 to August 1st, 2020 were enrolled. MDR-K. pneumoniae was defined as the K. pneumoniae strain non-susceptible to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial categories. MDR-K. pneumoniae isolates were confirmed by Vitek-2 system. Antibiotic susceptibility test was carried out using a micro broth dilution method. Clinical characteristics and drug-resistance rates were retrospectively reviewed, and the predictors of mortality were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results
The mortality rate of AP patients complicated with MDR-K. pneumoniae infections reached 46.5% (33 of 71), and pancreas (n = 53) was the most common site of MDR-K pneumoniae strains. The drug resistance rates of MDR-K. pneumoniae were high to 11 of 12 common antibiotics (more than 50.0%) except of tigecycline (23.9%). The predictor independently associated with mortality was septic shock (hazard ratio 2.959, 95% confidence intervals 1.396 – 6.272, P = 0.005).

Conclusions
More attention should be paid for pancreatic MDR-K. pneumoniae infections among AP patients The predictor for mortality of AP patients complicated with MDR-K. pneumoniae infection is septic shock. Therefore, further clinical investigations should focus on areas against septic shock.
Application of a scheimpflug-based biomechanical analyser and tomography in the early detection of subclinical keratoconus in chinese patients
Authors: Liu Yan , Zhang Yu , Chen Yueguo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
In vivo corneal biomechanics evaluation has been used to help screen early keratoconus in recent years. This study is to evaluate the value of a Scheimpflug-based biomechanical analyser combined with tomography in detecting subclinical keratoconus by distinguishing normal eyes from frank keratoconus (KC) and forme frusta keratoconus (FFKC) eyes in Chinese patients.

Methods
Study design: diagnostic test. This study included 31 bilateral frank keratoconus patients, 27 unilateral clinically manifesting keratoconus patients with very asymmetric eyes, and 79 control subjects with normal corneas. Corneal morphological and biomechanical parameters were measured using a Pentacam HR and a Corvis ST (OCULUS, Wetzlar, Germany). The diagnostic ability of computed parameters reflecting corneal biomechanical and morphological traits [including the Belin-Ambrósio deviation index (BAD_D), the Corvis biomechanical index (CBI) and the tomographic and biomechanical index (TBI)] was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and compared by the DeLong test. Additionally, the area under the curve (AUC), the best cut-off values, and the Youden index for each parameter were reported. A novel corneal stiffness parameter, the stress-strain index (SSI), was also compared between KC, FFKC and normal eyes.

Results
Every morphological and biomechanical index analysed in this study was significantly different among KC, FFKC and normal eyes (P = 0.000). The TBI was most valuable in detecting subclinical keratoconus (FFKC eyes), with an AUC of 0.928 (P = 0.000), and both forms of corneal ectasia (FFKC and frank KC eyes), with an AUC of 0.966 (P = 0.000). The sensitivity and specificity of the TBI was 97.5 and 77.8 % in detecting FFKC and 97.5 and 89.7 % in detecting any KC, respectively, with a cut-off value of 0.375. The morphological index BAD_D and the biomechanical index CBI were also very useful in distinguishing eyes with any KC from normal eyes, with AUCs of 0.965 and 0.934, respectively. The SSI was significantly different between KC, FFKC and normal eyes (P = 0.000), indicating an independent decrease in corneal stiffness in KC eyes.

Conclusions
The combination of a Scheimpflug-based biomechanical analyser and tomography could increase the accuracy in detecting subclinical keratoconus in Chinese patients. The TBI was the most valuable index for detecting subclinical keratoconus, with a high sensitivity and specificity. Evaluation of corneal biomechanical properties in refractive surgery candidates could be helpful for recognizing potential keratoconic eyes and increasing surgical safety.
Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty in a patient with iris-fixated intraocular lens and prior radial keratotomy: a case report
Authors: Annadanam Anvesh , Soeken Timothy , Shah Manjool , Nallasamy Nambi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Anterior segment surgeries such as cataract surgery, intraocular lens (IOL) repositioning, and radial keratotomy (RK) may hasten endothelial dysfunction, particularly in the context of pre-existing Fuchs dystrophy, necessitating future corneal transplantation.

Case presentation
A 68-year-old woman with a history of RK with associated irregular astigmatism in both eyes and iris-fixated intraocular lens (IF-IOL) in the left eye presented with six months of decreased vision in the left eye. She was found to have Fuchs dystrophy and underwent DMEK surgery. She had an uncomplicated postoperative course, with uncorrected visual acuity improving to 20/20 three months after surgery.

Conclusion
To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a highly successful DMEK surgery in a patient with prior RK and IF-IOL.
Rare novel LPL mutations are associated with neonatal onset lipoprotein lipase (LPL) deficiency in two cases
Authors: Wu Yun Qin , Hu Yue Yuan , Li Gui Nan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundLipoprotein lipase (LPL) deficiency is a monogenic lipid metabolism disorder biochemically characterized by hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Neonatal onset LPL deficiency is rare. The purpose of this study was to clarify the clinical features of neonatal LPL deficiency and to analyze the genetic characteristics ofLPLgene.MethodsIn order to reach a definite molecular diagnose, metabolic diseases-related genes were sequenced through gene capture and next generation sequencing. Meanwhile, the clinical characteristics and follow-up results of the two newborns were collected and analyzed.ResultsThree different mutations in theLPLgene were identified in the two newborns including a novel compound heterozygous mutation (c.347G > C and c.472 T > G) and a reported homozygous mutation (c.836 T > G) was identified. Interestingly, both the two neonatal onset LPL deficiency patients presented with suffered recurrent infection in the hyperlipidemia stage, which was not usually found in childhood or adulthood onset LPL deficiency patients.ConclusionThe two novel mutaitons, c.347G > C and c.472 T > G, identified in this study were novel, which expanded theLPLgene mutation spectrum. In addition, suffered recurrent infection in the hyperlipidemia stage implied a certain correlation between immune deficiency and lipid metabolism abnormality. This observation further supplemented and expanded the clinical manifestations of LPL deficiency.
Acute lower respiratory tract infections and associated factors among under-five children visiting Wolaita Sodo University Teaching and Referral Hospital, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
Authors: Demissie Birhanu Wondimeneh , Amele Esayas Aydiko , Yitayew Yibeltal Asmamaw , Yalew Zemen Mengesha 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Lower respiratory infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in children younger than 5 years. Even if the burden of lower respiratory infections in children under 5 years old had decreased dramatically in the last 10 years, it is still the main cause of morbidity and mortality in children under-5 years old in developing countries, so the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of lower respiratory tract infections and associated factors among under-five children visiting Wolaita Sodo University Teaching and Referral Hospital.

Method
A cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st to 30th April 2019, among under-five child/mother or caretaker pairs visiting Wolaita Sodo University Teaching and Referral Hospital. Child/mother or caretaker pairs who visits outpatient department for curative care service or follow up were recruited for the study. Data were collected using a semi-structured pre-tested interviewer-guided questionnaire. Epi-info (version 7.1.2.0) was used for data entry, and Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 was used for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression, crude and adjusted odds ratios with their 95 % confidence intervals was computed. Finally, a p-value ≤ 0.05 was used to identify variables that had a significant association with acute lower respiratory infection.

Result
A total of 414 child/mother or caretaker pairs were recruited for the study. The magnitude of acute lower respiratory infections among under-five children was 40.3 % (95 % CI: 35.7- 44.9 %). Unvaccinated children (AOR: 2, 95 % CI, (1.27–3.16)), non-exclusive/replacement feeding (AOR: 1.85, 95 % CI, (1.18–2.91)), households mainly used unclean fuel for cooking (AOR: 2.12, 95 % CI, (1.07–4.19)), absence of separate kitchen (AOR: 1.7, 95 % CI, (1.09–2.65)), and absence of window in the kitchen room (AOR: 1.69, 95 % CI, (1.07–2.68)) showed significant association with acute lower respiratory infection.

Conclusions
The magnitude of acute lower respiratory tract infections among under-five children visiting outpatient department was 40.3 %. Unvaccinated children, non-exclusive/replacement feeding, using unclean fuel for cooking, absence of a separate kitchen, and absence of window in the kitchen showed significant association with acute lower respiratory infection. Therefore, special attention should be given to the environmental sanitation and family health components of health extension packages.
Reappraisal of ischemia-reperfusion injury in a short duration laparoscopic surgery, a pilot study
Authors: Bickel Amitai , Khatib Soliman , Kakiashvilli Eli , Palzur Eilam 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Serum biochemical changes during laparoscopic surgery and positive pressure pneumoperitoneum (PP) may reflect mild oxidative stress due to the ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) mechanism. However, there is still a controversy regarding the exact mechanism of PP in creating oxidative stress and whether the induction of PP causes I/R effects at all. To elucidate this debated issue, we studied, for the first time, the changes of I/R parameters in the serum, in a pilot study, during laparoscopic cholecystectomy using a reliable, independent exogenous oxidative biomarker, together with common intrinsic biomarkers of oxidative stress.

Patients and methods
Our study included 20 patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We evaluated the levels of the extrinsic and endogenous markers for oxidative stress during awareness, under anesthesia, the end of surgery (abdominal CO2 evacuation), and 2 h afterward.

Results
After an initial increase in oxidative stress following anesthesia, we did not notice any further significant rise in the levels of the synthetic exogenous and the endogenous biomarkers at the end of the surgery and 2 h later on. However, a positive correlation was noted between the levels of both the intrinsic and extrinsic markers.

Conclusions
In our study, the capability of the extrinsic biomarker to detect mild oxidative stress was not validated. Our study stresses the heterogeneous nature of the oxidative reactions and the diversity of the endogenous and exogenous biomarkers while detecting various biochemical patterns under mild oxidative stress, during the short period of laparoscopic surgery.