bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interstitial lung disease in children with Rubinstein‐Taybi syndrome
Authors: Bradford Lauren , Ross Mindy K. , Minso Jagila , Cernelc‐Kohan Mateja , Shayan Katayoon , Wong Simon S. , Li Xiaoping , Rivier Lauraine , Jegga Anil G. , Deutsch Gail H. , Vece Timothy J. , Loughlin Ceila E. , Gower William A. , Hurley Caitlin , Furman Wayne , Stokes Dennis , Hagood James S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionRubinstein‐Taybi syndrome (RSTS) is a rare genetic syndrome caused primarily by a mutation in the CREBBP gene found on chromosome 16. Patients with RSTS are at greater risk for a variety of medical problems, including upper airway obstruction and aspiration. Childhood interstitial lung disease (ILD) thus far has not been definitively linked to RSTS. Here we present three patients with RSTS who developed ILD and discuss possible mechanisms by which a mutation in CREBBP may be involved in the development of ILD.MethodsRoutine hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed on lung biopsy tissue for histological analysis. Immunofluorescent staining was performed on lung biopsy tissue for markers of fibrosis, surfactant deficiency and histone acetylation. Cases 1 and 2 had standard clinical microarray analysis. Case 3 had whole exome sequencing. Bioinformatics analyses were performed to identify possible causative genes using ToppGene.ResultsComputed tomography images in all cases showed consolidated densities overlying ground glass opacities. Lung histopathology revealed accumulation of proteinaceous material within alveolar spaces, evidence of fibrosis, and increased alveolar macrophages. Immunofluorescent staining showed increase in surfactant protein C staining, patchy areas of increased anti‐smooth muscle antibody staining, and increased staining for acetylated histone 2 and histone 3 lysine 9.DiscussionClinical characteristics, radiographic imaging, lung histopathology, and immunofluorescent staining results shared by all cases demonstrated findings consistent with ILD. Immunofluorescent staining suggests two possible mechanisms for the development of ILD: abnormal surfactant metabolism and/or persistent activation of myofibroblasts. These two pathways could be related to dysfunctional CREBBP protein.
The effect of nursing intervention guided by rehabilitation needs on the quality of postoperative self‐care agency and social relationships in esophageal cancer patients
Authors: Zhang Ping , Zhao Yun , Yang Bo , Wu Bing , Gu Lei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo explore the effect of rehabilitation‐oriented nursing intervention on self‐care ability and social relationship quality of patients with esophageal cancer after operation. 124 esophageal cancer patients from February 2019 to January 2020 were selected and divided into study group and control group. The control group was given routine nursing, and the study group was given rehabilitation‐oriented nursing intervention on the basis of the control group. The self‐care ability score (ESCA), social relationship quality score (SQRS), mood state score, hope level score (HHI), and nursing job satisfaction were statistically analyzed. Before intervention, there was no significant difference between two groups. After intervention, the scores of health knowledge, self‐concept, self‐responsibility, and self‐care skills were higher in the study group. The scores of friend relationship, family commitment, and family intimacy were significantly higher in the study group, also the SAS (Self‐Rating Anxiety Scale) and SDS (Self‐Rating Depression Scale) scores in the study group were lower than those in the control group, and the scores of attitudes to maintain close relationship with others, attitude to take positive action and attitude towards reality and future in the study group were higher than those in the control group. In addition, the satisfaction of nursing work in the study group was higher than that in the control group. The rehabilitation needs oriented nursing intervention for esophageal cancer patients can effectively regulate patients' depression and anxiety, improve their self‐care ability and hope level, improve the quality of social relations, and patients have high recognition of nursing work.
The herbivore‐induced plant volatile tetradecane enhances plant resistance to Holotrichia parallela larvae in maize roots
Authors: Pan Yu , Wang Zhun , Zhao Shi‐Wen , Wang Xiao , Li Yun‐Shuo , Liu Jia‐Nan , Wang Shang , Xi Jing‐Hui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDMany herbivore‐induced volatiles have been proven to act as signaling compounds to regulate nearby plant defense responses. However, the precise roles of key volatiles produced by maize roots after Holotrichia parallela larva feeding remain largely unknown.RESULTSWe investigated changes in phytohormones and volatiles in maize roots after H. parallela larval infestation. Marked increases in the phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) and the volatiles jasmone and tetradecane were induced by herbivores, whereas the salicylic acid content decreased. In addition, pre‐exposure to tetradecane markedly increased the levels of the stress hormone JA, its precursors and derivatives, and related gene expression. In addition, pre‐exposure altered the production of defensive benzoxazinoid secondary metabolites, resulting in increased plant resistance to H. parallela larvae. Plants pre‐exposed to jasmone did not differ from control plants. In addition, bioassays showed that H. parallela larval growth was suppressed by feeding maize roots after pre‐exposure to tetradecane.CONCLUSIONThese results demonstrate that tetradecane may function as a potent defense induction signal that prepares neighboring plants for incoming attacks. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Review of the Advancements on Polymer/Metal Oxide Hybrid Nanocomposite‐Based Adsorption Assisted Photocatalytic Materials for Dye Removal
Authors: Bassie Gelaw Tadesse , Kunhana Sarojini Balladka , Krishna Kodoth Arun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe use of dyes increases with increasing dye processing industries, especially with textile industries. The persistent nature, environmental toxicity, and carcinogenicity of dyes become the current issue of managing their impact on the ecosystem. Hence various methods of discharging have been reported. Most of the technologies were not effective in the removal process and generate secondary pollutants. However, adsorption supported photocatalytic process becomes a feasible, eco‐friendly, and appropriate technique. Based on these directions, developing such photocatalytic material for dye removal becomes the trend in current research. Thus, this review deals with dye removal through an adsorptive‐assisted photocatalytic process by various hybrid nanocomposite photocatalysts. Particular emphasis on photocatalytic dye degradation progresses by polymer/metal oxide hybrid nanocomposite photocatalysts (metal oxide nanoparticles with conductive, nonconductive, and both conductive & non‐conductive polymers composites) synthesis and dye degradation mechanisms. Besides, the kinetics, efficiency of degradation, and related factors were also assessed. Conversion of dyes to water, carbon dioxide, and other mineralized non‐toxic pollutants makes this technique the most preferred.
Ultrasound of dialysis fistulae: Factors influencing Australian practice
Authors: Oomens Donna , Thomas Samantha , Clarke Jillian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionDue to the increasing prevalence of kidney failure in Australia, more sonographers are being expected to perform ultrasound examinations of arteriovenous fistulae (AVF), even when they may receive little support to do so.MethodsWe surveyed respondents through the Australasian Sonographers Association (ASA), regarding their demographics, workplace, and experience in relation to AVF ultrasound examinations.ResultsFifty sonographers participated from metropolitan and regional areas. Sonographers in metropolitan areas had approximately three times more access to support compared to those in rural/remote areas, in performing AVF ultrasound examinations. Self‐reported competency levels of AVF ultrasound examinations were novice/advanced beginner 28.6%, competent 30%, proficient/expert 40%. Less than a fifth of sonographers always performed a physical assessment, while almost half never physically assessed an AVF.ConclusionRural and remote sonographers have the least access to ongoing resources and support. The knowledge of the supporting role that non‐ultrasound methods of AVF surveillance can play in improving the quality of ultrasound assessments, varied mainly by perception of competency. Sonographer competency, education, and support in AVF assessment is vital to avoid clinical uncertainty. Australian sonographers would benefit from further education and support to improve competency, confidence and patient outcomes.
Antibacterial Activity of Dodecylamine Dialdehyde Starch Schiff Base Derivatives
Authors: Li Zhenbiao , Wang Xiaojuan , Miao Jincheng , Xing Lei , Zhang Shufen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDodecylamine dialdehyde starch (DASDA) is synthesized with corn starch, sodium periodate, and dodecylamine, and its structure, particle morphology, crystal structure, and thermal properties are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus suggests that minimum inhibitory concentrations of DASDA against E. coli and S. aureus are 0.31 and 0.63 mg mL−1, and the antibacterial effect against E. coli is better than that against S. aureus. The antibacterial activity is effectively improved with the increase of amino content of DASDA.
Abundance Trends for Adult Pacific Lamprey in Western Oregon (USA): Historic Declines, Recent Increases, and Relative Contributions from Coastal Rivers
Authors: Clemens Benjamin J. , Weeber Matthew A. , Lewis Mark , Jones Michelle 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe anadromous Pacific Lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus is native to the northern Pacific Ocean and its drainages, returning each spring to spawn in streams along the West Coast of North America. We analyzed abundance trends of adult Pacific Lamprey from dam counts and redd surveys in western Oregon, USA. We compared a series of generalized additive models (GAMs) to describe lamprey abundance trends. Lamprey counts varied considerably among dams but showed steep declines over 70+ years (1949–2019) at Bonneville Dam on the Columbia River, over 50+ years (1965–2019) at Winchester Dam on the North Umpqua River, and over 17 years (1993–2009) at Gold Ray Dam on the Rogue River. By contrast, redd surveys displayed synchronous abundance trends of different magnitudes among geographic management areas on the Oregon coast, with an overall increasing abundance over 13 years (2007–2019). This corroborates pre‐existing notions that Pacific Lamprey spawning in Oregon coast rivers are from a single mixed population. The most supported GAM included a fixed effect for location and allowed abundance to vary over years as a function of location. These results suggest that abundance trends among dam counts are more variable than coastal redd surveys and that dam counts and redd surveys across this large region are not useful proxies for each other. Furthermore, counts across dams may be more variable because they record prespawning lamprey and thus may be recording a mixture of cohorts. Redd surveys, by contrast, provide a metric of a single cohort of spawning lamprey.
Graphhopper: Multi-hop Scene Graph Reasoning for Visual Question Answering
Authors: Koner Rajat , Li Hang , Hildebrandt Marcel , Das Deepan , Tresp Volker , Günnemann Stephan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractVisual Question Answering (VQA) is concerned with answering free-form questions about an image. Since it requires a deep semantic and linguistic understanding of the question and the ability to associate it with various objects that are present in the image, it is an ambitious task and requires multi-modal reasoning from both computer vision and natural language processing. We propose Graphhopper, a novel method that approaches the task by integrating knowledge graph reasoning, computer vision, and natural language processing techniques. Concretely, our method is based on performing context-driven, sequential reasoning based on the scene entities and their semantic and spatial relationships. As a first step, we derive a scene graph that describes the objects in the image, as well as their attributes and their mutual relationships. Subsequently, a reinforcement learning agent is trained to autonomously navigate in a multi-hop manner over the extracted scene graph to generate reasoning paths, which are the basis for deriving answers. We conduct an experimental study on the challenging dataset GQA, based on both manually curated and automatically generated scene graphs. Our results show that we keep up with human performance on manually curated scene graphs. Moreover, we find that Graphhopper outperforms another state-of-the-art scene graph reasoning model on both manually curated and automatically generated scene graphs by a significant margin.
Locating Discourses and Narratives for Intervention
Authors: Kelly Ashley Scott , Lu Xiaoxuan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis chapter,Locating discourses and narratives for intervention, argues that planners and designers engaging in “critical” landscape planning need a proactive, rigorous and reflective approach to assembling the discourses in their projects. Drawing from a selection of articles on the recent political economy and ecology of Laos from post-development theory, cultural anthropology, sociology, political science, political geography, and political ecology, we survey four areas that function as conceptual drivers of the strategic planning proposals featured inPart Twoof this book. These areas are (1) The politics of land-use planning and its deployment in the state’s territorial strategies; (2) A brief recounting of origins, since the 1980s, of the paradigm of sustainable development as it was imposed on regulatory institutions of the Global South; (3) The ways large-scale resource extraction is reproduced at capitalism’s frontiers via complex and overlapping patchworks of relations between large-scale infrastructures, state land concessions, and their administration at various scales; and (4) Discourse on “infrastructure” as a concept and our capacity to plan and assess it. These sections are held together by their constructivist and critical theory approaches, focus on the means and ends of neoliberalism, and undercurrents of authority, expertise and the politics of intervention.
A note on commutation relation in conformal field theory
Authors: Nagano Lento , Terashima Seiji 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this note, we explicitly compute the vacuum expectation value of the commutator of scalar fields in a d-dimensional conformal field theory on the cylinder. We find from explicit calculations that we need smearing not only in space but also in time to have finite commutators except for those of free scalar operators. Thus the equal time commutators of the scalar fields are not well-defined for a non-free conformal field theory, even if which is defined from the Lagrangian. We also have the commutator for a conformal field theory on Minkowski space, instead of the cylinder, by taking the small distance limit. For the conformal field theory on Minkowski space, the above statements are also applied.
Partial Fundoplication is Effective Treatment for Female Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux and Scleroderma: A Multicenter Comparative Cohort Study
Authors: Hii Amanda , Liu David S. , Kholmurodova Feruza , Irvine Tanya , Bright Tim , Watson David I. , Thompson Sarah K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with scleroderma often suffer from dysphagia and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Partial fundoplication is a validated anti‐reflux procedure for GERD but may worsen dysphagia in scleroderma patients. Its utility in these patients is unknown. Here, we evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of partial fundoplication for the treatment of medically refractory GERD in patients with scleroderma.MethodsAnalysis of a prospectively maintained database of patients who underwent fundoplication across 14 hospitals between 1991 and 2019. Perioperative outcomes, reintervention rates, heartburn, dysphagia, and patient satisfaction were assessed at 3 months, 1‐ and 3‐years post‐surgery.ResultsA total of 17 patients with scleroderma were propensity score matched to 526 non‐scleroderma controls. All underwent a partial fundoplication. Perioperative outcomes including complication rate, length of stay, and need for reoperation were similar between the two groups. Compared to baseline, both groups reported significantly improved heartburn at 3 months, 1‐ and 3‐years following partial fundoplication. Surgery was equally effective at controlling heartburn across all follow‐up timepoints in patients with or without scleroderma. Dysphagia to solids was more common in patients with scleroderma than controls at 3‐months post‐surgery, but was not significantly different to controls at 1‐ and 3‐year follow‐up. Satisfaction scores were high and comparable between both groups across all postoperative timepoints, with 100% of patients with scleroderma reporting that their initial choice to undergo surgery was correct.ConclusionsPartial fundoplication controls reflux and is associated with a transient period of dysphagia to solids in patients with scleroderma. This approach is safe, effective and acceptable for patients with scleroderma and medically refractory GERD.
A Diaphragmic Traction Suture Increases Pleural Cavity Volume and Surgical Field Overview During Video‐Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery
Authors: Dittberner Finn A. , Ladegaard Lars , Licht Peter B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesAn elevated hemidiaphragm may impair surgical field overview during video assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and may consequently jeopardize a safe surgical procedure or prolong the duration of surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate if tension applied to a diaphragmatic suture improves the surgical field overview.MethodsFollowing informed consent and at the surgeon's discretion during elective VATS procedures, a single stitch was placed at the posterior tendinous border of the diaphragm and retracted through the camera port. The surgical field overview was evaluated using a numeric rating scale (1–10) by the surgeon before and after applying tension during the procedure, and later by 9 VATS surgeons (> 10 years’ experience) using video recordings.ResultsDuring a 4‐month period, 43 patients scheduled for elective VATS by two surgeons gave informed consent to participate. The hemidiaphragm was elevated to such an extent in 27 patients that the surgeon placed a diaphragmatic stitch suture. When tension was applied to the suture, surgical field overview improved significantly (p < 0.001).ConclusionA diaphragmatic traction suture improves surgical field overview in selected patients with elevation of the hemidiaphragm. This simple procedure may facilitate VATS in patients with impaired surgical field overview and consequently improve safety during VATS.
Clinical Trial Numberhttp://ClinicalTrials.gov (No. NCT04837950).
Prädiktoren für die Nutzungsintensität von Tagespflegen bei Menschen mit kognitiven Einschränkungen
Authors: Wasić Catharina , Gräßel Elmar , Luttenberger Katharina , Donath Carolin 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrundTagespflegen sind etablierte Versorgungsangebote für Personen mit kognitiven Beeinträchtigungen. Die Nutzungsintensität ist mit durchschnittlich 3 h/Woche jedoch gering. Bisherige Studien konnten Prädiktoren für eine Nutzung/Nichtnutzung aufzeigen. Es ist jedoch bisher unklar, inwieweit diese Faktoren auch mit der Nutzungsintensität zusammenhängen.Ziel der ArbeitIdentifikation von Prädiktoren für die Intensität der Tagespflegenutzung bei Menschen mit kognitiven Beeinträchtigungen, basierend auf dem Modell der Versorgungsinanspruchnahme nach Andersen.Material und MethodenGrundlage sind Daten der Studie Demenz in der Tagespflege bei psychosozialer MAKS-Intervention (DeTaMAKS). Prädiktoren für die Nutzungsintensität der Tagespflege wurden mit logistischer Regression analysiert.ErgebnisseEine signifikant höhere Intensität der Tagespflegenutzung lag vor bei: alleinlebenden Tagespflegegästen, höher gebildeten pflegenden Angehörigen, ab Pflegestufe 2, bei längerer bisheriger Nutzungsdauer der Tagespflege, bei vermehrten psychischen und Verhaltenssymptomen des Tagespflegegasts. Die Sensitivitätsanalyse zeigte bei zusammenlebenden Dyaden zusätzlich eine höhere Nutzungsintensität bei jüngeren pflegenden Angehörigen und kürzerer Entfernung zwischen Wohnort und Tagespflege, jedoch nicht in Bezug auf den Bildungsstand des pflegenden Angehörigen und die psychischen und Verhaltenssymptome des Tagespflegegasts.DiskussionDie Ergebnisse zeigen bestehenden Bedarf an Tagespflegeeinrichtungen, der sich durch Berufstätigkeit und das Leben ohne Partner erhöht. Neben einer guten Erreichbarkeit der Tagespflege könnten auch flexible Angebote die Intensität der Nutzung erhöhen.
Evaluating the estimation of genetic correlation and heritability using summary statistics
Authors: Zhang Ju , Schumacher Fredrick R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhile novel statistical methods quantifying the shared heritability of traits and diseases between ancestral distinct populations have been recently proposed, a thorough evaluation of these approaches under differing circumstances remain elusive. Brown et al.2016 proposed the method Popcorn to estimate the shared heritability, i.e. genetic correlation, using only summary statistics. Here, we evaluate Popcorn under several parameters and circumstances: sample size, number of SNPs, sample size of external reference panel, various population pairs, inappropriate external reference panel, and admixed population involved. Our results determined the minimum sample size of the external reference panel, summary statistics, and number of SNPs required to accurately estimate both the genetic correlation and heritability. Moreover, the number of individuals and SNPs required to produce accurate and stable estimates was directly proportional with heritability in Popcorn. Misrepresentation of the reference panel overestimated the genetic correlation by 20% and heritability by 60%. Lastly, applying Popcorn to homogeneous (EUR) and admixed (ASW) populations underestimated the genetic correlation by 15%. Although statistical approaches estimating the shared heritability between ancestral populations will provide novel etiologic insight, caution is required ensuring results are based on the appropriate sample size, number of SNPs, and the generalizability of the reference panel to the discovery populations.