bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profile of a patient with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction in actual clinical practice
Authors: Ryabov V. V. , Gombozhapova A. E. , Demyanov S. V. 
Published: March 2021

Aim. To describe profile of a modern portrait with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (non-STEMI) through a comprehensive analysis of the Emergency Cardiology Unit (ECU) practice, which discharge a function of a regional vascular centre.Material and methods. To describe the non-STEMI trends of the last decade, we analysed the annual reports on ECU work. The main analysis included patients with a documented non-STEMI treated in 2019 (n=221). We used information from the department database. A Microsoft Excel software was used to create the database. The base has been filled in by the ECU head in real time since 2009. Statistical data processing was performed using the Statistica 10,0 software package. The methods of descriptive statistics and Yates-corrected chi-square test were used.Results. The following clinical and demographic trends of the last decade were revealed: an increase in the number of patients with non-STEMI, proportion of male patients, mean age of patients, proportion of patients with MI with non-obstructive coronary artery disease; no decrease in in-hospital mortality, despite the introduction of modern guidelines, pharmacological and invasive treatment of non-STEMI. In 2019, the proportion of male patients and patients 75 years and older was 62,4% and 32%, respectively. The mean age of patients was 64,6±13,0 years. Clopidogrel was the predominant P2Y12 receptor blockers (56,1%). A total of 176 patients (79,6%) underwent the invasive procedures. Endovascular myocardial revascularization was performed in 97 patients (43,9%), while in the group over 75 years old — in 16 (7%) patients. The leading causes for absence of myocardial revascularization were chronic kidney disease (4,6%), severe coronary artery disease (6,3%), “borderline” (50-60%) coronary artery stenosis. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 9,0%, while in the group of patients over 75 years old — 19,7%. Mortality rates did not differ in patients with and without myocardial revascularization (p=0,2). However, the incidence of pulmonary oedema was higher in the conservative treatment group (p=0,04).Conclusion. Treatment of patients 75 years and older remains the main barrier in management of patients with non-STEMI. We observe the treatment-risk paradox, which consists in choosing a less aggressive treatment strategy in the group of the most high-risk patients. Other relevant aspects in the management of non-STEMI patients are the selection of a method for myocardial revascularization in multivessel coronary artery disease, assessment of the hemodynamic significance of coronary artery stenosis, and patients with non-obstructive coronary artery disease.
Coronary artery bypass grafting in the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome: current evidence base and unresolved issues
Authors: Golovina T. S. , Neverova Yu. N. , Tarasov R. S. 
Published: March 2021

The issue of the optimal timing of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains controversial. It is known that on the one hand there will be a delay in revascularization, leading to recurrent myocardial infarction with irreversible cardiac dysfunction. On the other hand, there is an increased incidence of perioperative complications associated with surgery.This article provides a detailed analysis of the evidence base and current guidelines on the validity and timing of coronary artery bypass grafting in various types of ACS. The emphasis is made on the contradictions regarding the earlier implementation of the active strategy in non-ST segment elevation ACS. We describe problem of insufficient evidence base on optimal timing of CABG, comparison of outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) performed in the first 24 hours and open surgery for high-risk non-ST segment elevation ACS, as well as a number of organizational and clinical issues to ensure the surgery availability.
Prognostic value of atrial fibrillation in group of patients with myocardial infarction. Long-term observation results
Authors: Soloveva M. V , Boldueva S. A. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose. To assess the effect of preexisting atrial fibrillation (AF) on prognosis in patients with type 1 myocardial infarction (MI).Material and methods. These patients were selected from 1660 patients with MI admitted to cardiology department of the NWSMU named after I.I. Mechnikov in 2013-2018. They formed the main group (100 patients). The control group included 200 patients with type 1 MI without AF with the same gender, age. In order to balance groups by prognostically significant factors propensity score matching was carried out. Тhen effect of AF on endpoints was assessed.Results. Patients with type 1 MI and preexisting AF have higher comorbidity, lower ejection fraction. In this group in-hospital pulmonary embolism (PE) (9 % versus 1 % in patients without AF, p=0,0011), minor bleeding (21 % versus 9,5 %, p=0,0057), combined endpoint (stroke + PE + mortality) (19 % versus 10,5 %, p=0,0415) were more common. In the long-term period patients with AF had a higher rate of hospitalizations due to decompensation of chronic heart failure (CHF) (OR=2,47 (95 % CI =1,20–5,08), p=0,0137) and higher incidence of minor bleeding (OR=10,77 (95 % CI =2,36–49,24), p=0,0022). Preexisting AF in patients with type 1 MI (after adjustment for prognostically significant factors) increased the risk of all-cause (OR=5,0 (95 % CI =1,5-17,1), p=0,0072) and cardiovascular mortality (OR=4,1 (95 % CI =1,1-14,9), p=0,0236), increased the risk of CHF III-IV (OR=4,9 (95 % CI =1,2–20,4), p=0,0147), but had no effect on the frequency of ischemic events.Сonclusion. In patients with type 1 MI and pre-existing AF in-hospital and long-term prognosis is worse than in patients without AF. Preexisting AF in these patients is an independent predictor of severe CHF at discharge, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality over follow-up period.
Thyroid function, brain bioelectrical activity and heart rate variability in patients with hypertension
Authors: Kurdanova M. Kh. , Beslaneev I. A. , Kurdanova Md. Kh. , Batyrbekova L. M. , Kurdanov Kh. A. 
Published: March 2021

Aim. To study the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones (TH), frequency and amplitude parameters of alpha wave, parameters of heart rate variability, hemodynamics and their relationship in patients with hypertension (HTN) and healthy individuals.Material and methods. We studied 75 patients with stage 2 HTN and 70 healthy individuals. All patients underwent an electroencephalography, 24-hour blood pressure monitoring. Weighted average heart rate variability was calculated. We determined blood plasma levels of TSH and TH. Statistical processing, multiple regression and correlation analysis were carried out using the Statistica v. 10.0.1 software package (StatSoft Inc).Results. In patients with HTN, TSH and TH were lower than in the control group by 50% and 38%, respectively. The а-index was also 40% lower. Patients with HTN were characterized by lower amplitude, frequency and power of а-wave, and weighted average heart rate variability by 35%, 13-35%, and 30%, respectively. Pulse wave velocity in patients with HTN exceeded the control group by 18%, and the systemic dynamic response was 2,2 times higher. The groups differed in the characteristics of the relationship of а-wave between the brain lobes and hemispheres with TSH, TH, heart rate variability and hemodynamics.Conclusion. The concentration of TSH and TH is interrelated with the frequency and amplitude parameters of alpha wave, heart rate variability and hemodynamic parameters in hypertensive patients.
Comparative analysis of tobacco smoking intensity among young and middle-­aged women of one administrative district of Tyumen in 1996­-2016
Authors: Akimov A. M. , Gakova A. A. , Kuznetsov V. A. 
Published: March 2021

Aim. To study the changes of tobacco smoking intensity among young and middle-aged women of one administrative district of Tyumen in 1996-2016.Material and methods. Cross-sectional epidemiological studies were conducted on representative samples of women aged 25-64 years in 1996 and 2016. The category of smokers was ranked by age group and depending on the number of cigarettes smoked per day. The analysis included women of two categories — young age (25-44 years old) and middle age (45-64 years old). Women were considered high-intensity smokers if they smoked >10 cigarettes per day. According to this parameter, all smokers were divided into those with low and high smoking intensity.Results. According to the results, a negative 20-year dynamics was revealed — an increase in the tobacco smoking intensity in the population due to the category of young women. In young women over a 20-year period with a stable prevalence of tobacco smoking, a redistribution from low to high intensity of tobacco smoking was established — the prevalence of high-intensity smokers over low-intensity ones in 2016 with inverse proportions at the first screening. In middle-aged women, over a 20-year period, with a tendency towards an increase in tobacco smoking prevalence from the first to the second screening, the prevalence of low-intensity smokers over high-intensity smokers remains.Conclusion. Within the large-scale federal programs, it is necessary to direct efforts to reduce the intensity of tobacco smoking among women in middle-urbanized Siberian cities, focusing mainly on the category of young age.
Use of two distant nesting areas as a breeding strategy of Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in Valdres, southeast Norway
Authors: Dunker Henning 
Published: March 2021

Cover photo: Golden eagle. Photo: Frode Falkenberg.
Sixteen occupied nesting territories of Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos were studied between 2000 and 2020, in the southern part of the valley of Valdres, southeast Norway. Most of the study area consists of rolling hills dominated by spruce Picea abies with numerous clear-cuts. It was concluded that at least six (about 40%) of the eagle pairs in these territories move back and forth between two alternate, distant nesting areas 5.3 km apart (average). In two additional pairs, a second nesting area was considered possible. In the remaining eight, only one nesting area was found. The periods of one nesting area in use varied from 2–19 years, before moving to the other nesting area. This result was supported by panoramic mid-day surveillance of the air space between the two nesting areas during 2014–2020. The maintenance of a second core nesting area is most likely a strategy for moving to a more favourable hunting area and might be initiated by a new mate in the pair. The move might also be influenced by avoidance of a close neighbouring pair. A switch of nesting areas, as indicated by this study, could significantly affect results, when the number of eagle pairs in a certain area is counted.
Reviewing the Speaker's Decision: A Brief Synopsis of UDM v Speaker of the National Assembly 2017 5 SA 300 (CC)
Authors: Slade Bradley BV 
Published: March 2021

In United Democratic Movement v Speaker of the National Assembly 2017 5 SA 300 (CC), the Constitutional Court set out certain factors that the Speaker of the National Assembly must consider when deciding the manner in which voting in a motion of no confidence proceeding must be conducted. These factors would ostensibly also be relevant when the Speaker's decision as to the proper voting procedure is reviewed in future.
This note considers the law governing the review of the Speaker's decisions and finds that although the Speaker's decision is reviewable in South African law, after the UDM decision there is still uncertainty as to whether the Speaker's decision can be reviewed only on the basis of legality or whether it constitutes administrative action reviewable in terms of PAJA. Furthermore, the Court's exposition of certain factors against which the Speaker's decision can now be reviewed creates uncertainty as to whether the review in terms of legality is a basic rationality review as is generally the case or a stricter form of review closer to review that is possible under PAJA.
The argument is that the potential of reviewing the Speaker's decision on the basis of a number of factors that in totality appears to set out a test that is stricter than a basic rationality test may hold severe implications for the separation of powers doctrine, as it now appears that the Court is increasing its supervisory jurisdiction in a manner that is not fully substantiated. Although the Court, or courts in general, has the power to review the exercise of public power in a system of constitutional supremacy, it should consider the impact that its judgments may have on co-equal branches of government, as a failure to do so may negatively impact on the relationship between the different branches of government and dilute the already frayed separation of powers doctrine.
PREVALENCE OF LATENT MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS INFECTIONS AMONG DIABETIC PATIENTS ATTENDING SHILAN PRIVATE HOSPITAL, DUHOK CITY
Authors: Salih Ahmed 
Published: March 2021

Background
One-third of the world’s population is estimated to have latent tuberculosis infection. There is a well-documented association between diabetes and active tuberculosis, but evidence of the association between diabetes combined with other factors and latent tuberculosis infection remains limited and inconsistent.
Objectives
The study aimed at evaluating the association between diabetes linked to other risk factors with the latent tuberculosis infection.
Patients and Methods
In the present cross-sectional study, 385 diabetic patients were enrolled between the period of May 2016 and May 2017 at Shilan private hospital labs- Duhok city. Of these, 282 patients accepted to participate. The delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to Mycobacterium tuberculosis was evaluated by the tuberculin skin test (TST). This test involved the intradermal injection of 5 tuberculin units per test dose of 0.1 mL of purified protein derivative (Mantoux). Out of the 282 patients, 205 patients completed the TST evaluation and 77 patients did not.
Results
Of the 205 diabetes mellitus patients completed the study, 33 (16.1%) patients showed latent tuberculosis infection, and 2 (0.9%) patients had active tuberculosis (TB) (one pulmonary TB and one TB lymphadenitis). As a result, 203 diabetic patients were included in this study. The majorities of the patients were older than 50 years (66.50%) and they were females (69.95%). Diabetic patients with latent tuberculosis infection were significantly associated with injectable or combination antidiabetic therapy, and also with smoking. No significant association with other variables was found.
Conclusion
The presence of diabetes mellitus did not significantly affect the rate of latent tuberculosis infection on its own. However, when diabetes mellitus was linked with injectable, combined antidiabetic, or smoking, the rate of latent tuberculosis infection has shown to be significantly increased.
EARLY OUTCOME OF MEATAL MOBILIZATION TECHNIQUE FOR DISTAL HYPOSPADIAS: BASED ON 5 YEARS’ EXPERIENCE IN A PEDIATRIC SURGERY CENTRE-SHAR HOSPITAL-SULAIMANI CITY-KURDISTAN REGION-IRAQ
Authors: Marif Mahdi 
Published: March 2021

Background
Hypospadias is a challenging field of urogenital reconstructive surgery with different techniques being currently used. Numerous reconstruction techniques have been described previously; none can be used to correct all forms of hypospadias. The ideal result of surgery is the construction of a good caliber urethra with a slit-like urethral meatus at the tip of the glans and a straight penis.
Objectives
Assessing the early outcome of the meatal mobilization technique for repairing distal hypospadias regarding parent’s satisfaction for the cosmetic appearance of glans, position of the meatus, and urine stream.
Patients and Methods
The work approved by the ethics committee of the College of Medicine – University of Sulaimani (no.5, on 19/2/2019). Sixty male children enrolled in the pediatric surgery center in Shar hospital/ Sulaimani city /Kurdistan region-Iraq in the period of 5 years from July first, 2013 to June 30th 2018. Informed consent was taken from the parents in the form of face to face interview in the Kurdish language; for discussion of the options of treatment and possible complications. All the patients were followed up, weekly in the first month and monthly in the first 6 months, and yearly there after postoperatively.
Results
Patients enrolled in the study their age ranged from 6 months to 7 years, most of them were from the age group 7-12 months. The second and third age group were (13-18 months), (19-24 months) respectively. The most common complication following hypospadias repair by meatal mobilization technique (MEMO) technique was meatal stenosis (n=3, 5%) followed by urethrocutaneous fistula, breakdown requiring re-do surgery, and urethral stricture (n=2, 3.33%) (n=2, 3.33%) (n=1, 1.66%) respectively. The majority of the patient’s parents were satisfied with the result of the repair, regarding the position of the opening, cosmetic appearance, and urine stream. While satisfaction among the parents concerning the stream of the urine was (n=54 90%).
Conclusion
Meatal Mobilization Technique is a relatively safe and effective procedure for correction of all types of distal hypospadias including glandular, coronal, and subcoronal variants.it is associated with a minimal complication rate and a good parental satisfaction rate regarding the cosmetic appearance and urine stream.
CARDIOVASCULAR RISK ASSESSMENT IN PATIENTS ON HEMODIALYSIS IN SULAIMANI CITY
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed , Gharib Kalthum , Gharib Soran 
Published: March 2021

Background
Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis. Cardiovascular disease is a group of disorders of the heart and the blood vessels. The end-stage renal disease required dialysis. Currently, Sulaimani city, has approximately 400 patients on hemodialysis.
Objectives
To determine the level of cardiovascular disease risk factors according to the World Health Organization / International Society of hypertension risk prediction charts to assess cardiovascular disease risk factors among patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis.
Patients and Methods
This study is quantitative design (descriptive, cross-sectional) study, which was performed in two dialysis centers in Sulaimani City; those are the dialysis department-Shar teaching hospital and the dialysis center in Qrga. From September 2018 to March 2019, one hundred end-stages renal disease patients on hemodialysis were recruited. The socio-demographic, history and risks of cardiovascular disease, vital signs, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory investigations, were analyzed. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version (24) (SPSS) was used, the data analyzed was performed through; Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum and range). Inferential statistics (correlation test, chi-square, p-value, Fisher Exact Test).
Results
The mean age of the participants was 55.6 ±14.4 years. (53%) female (47%) male. Total cardiovascular disease risk levels were; (75%) low risk, (10%) moderate risk, (6%) high risk (9%) very high risk. Risk factors of cardiovascular disease were; hypertension (89%), diabetes mellitus (38%), smoker (27%), alcoholic (8%). Laboratory parameters; cholesterol of (8%) was more than 200mg/dl, Triglyceride of (14%) was more than 150 mg/dl. There was significant association between different CVD risk levels and some variables; age (p=0.016), SBP (p=<0.001) and respiratory rate (p=0.039) with CVD risk levels.
Conclusion
Most of the participants were married, female, illiterate, urban residence, and were on hemodialysis less than 1-year duration. A significant association between cardiovascular disease risks and each of Age, occupation, diabetes mellitus, history of ischemic heart disease, Systolic blood pressure, Diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, respiratory rate, and 2 hr. postprandial blood glucose.
impacto de las relaciones de género en la migración calificada
Authors: Ciurlo Anna Alessandra , Salvatori Sara 
Published: March 2021

El presente artículo se propone analizar de manera comparativa el impacto de las relaciones de género en la experiencia migratoria de mujeres calificadas. Los contextos de estudio refieren, por un lado, a las mujeres mexicanas que de Monterrey se dirigen a Houston y, por otro, a las mujeres colombianas que emigran hacia Buenos Aires. La comparación se realiza mediante la articulación de las variables género, posición social, etnia y origen nacional en las diferentes fases del proceso migratorio, motivado en los dos casos bien sea por razones de trabajo y/o de estudio. Las investigaciones han sido desarrolladas a partir del metodo cualitativo mediante la realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas e historias de vida. Los resultados evidencian cambios y permanencias de los roles de género con procesos de re-tradicionalización que, en conjunto, plasman la auto-representación y percepción del ser mujer de las migrantes.
La Ingeniería al servicio de la sustentabilidad: una tendencia para el crecimiento del sector agrícola
Authors: Serrato Nathalia , Castillo Carlos , Díaz Iván , Patiño Mónica , Cabrera Luis 
Published: March 2021

El presente documento consiste en una revisión del estado del arte del uso de la ingeniería al servicio de los sistemas agrícolas para garantizar la sustentabilidad del sector. Por una parte se explora el panorama internacional, el panorama nacional y las herramientas tecnológicas necesarias para la aplicación de la tecnología en los sistemas agrícolas eficientes con el ánimo de tener una perspectiva para la aplicación en Colombia. Como resultado de esta revisión se puede ver el el desarrollo sostenible y la erradicación de la pobreza”. En este contexto, el panorama mundial de la producción agrícola se enfrenta a grandes problemas si no se establece en programas, políticas y estrategias tecnológicas que mitiguen los efectos del cambio climático, de tal modo que se definan modelos productivos eficientes y adaptables en una economía sustentable. En otro aspecto, en el área de las Telecomunicaciones el amplio campo de acción de la ingeniería al servicio del sector agrícola del país y sus diversas aplicaciones, de igual forma da ínicio al desarrollo de proyectos que vayan encaminados a solucionar pequeños problemas en los procesos de preparación de terrenos, control de plagas, la gestión de malezas no para su erradicación sino para unas a manera de deshierbe, que permitan ir mejorando la calidad de vida de los campesinos en donde esto redunde en oportunidades para que la ingeniería cobre un mayor sentido en su pertinencia como disciplina solucionadora de problemas. es así como, se desarrollará el proyecto ”PLATAFORMA TECNOLÓGICA PARA PROCESOS AGRÍCOLAS SUSTENTABLES”, con miras a proporcionar una solución tecnológica que permita el desarrollo de un producto en todas sus etapas.