bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predatory Monetisation? A Categorisation of Unfair, Misleading and Aggressive Monetisation Techniques in Digital Games from the Player Perspective
Authors: Petrovskaya Elena , Zendle David 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTechnological shifts within the video game industry have enabled many games to evolve into platforms for repeated expenditure, rather than a one-time purchase product. Monetising a game as a service is challenging, and there is concern that some monetisation strategies may constitute unfair or exploitative practices which are not adequately covered by existing law. We asked 1104 players of video games to describe a time when they had been exposed to transactions which were perceived to be misleading, aggressive or unfair. We found 35 separate techniques over eight domains: game dynamics designed to drive spending, product not meeting expectations, monetisation of basic quality of life, predatory advertising, in-game currency, pay to win, general presence of microtransactions and other. Notably, several of these reported practices seem to not align with existing UK consumer protection regulations. We discuss this potential misalignment, as well as the implications of identifying what players believe to be problematic monetisation techniques.
Dressed energy of the XXZ chain in the complex plane
Authors: Faulmann Saskia , Göhmann Frank , Kozlowski Karol K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe consider the dressed energy $$\varepsilon $$
ε
of the XXZ chain in the massless antiferromagnetic parameter regime at $$0< \Delta < 1$$

0
<
Δ
<
1

and at finite magnetic field. This function is defined as a solution of a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. Conceived as a real function over the real numbers, it describes the energy of particle–hole excitations over the ground state at fixed magnetic field. The extension of the dressed energy to the complex plane determines the solutions to the Bethe Ansatz equations for the eigenvalue problem of the quantum transfer matrix of the model in the low-temperature limit. At low temperatures, the Bethe roots that parametrize the dominant eigenvalue of the quantum transfer matrix come close to the curve $$\mathrm{Re}\, \varepsilon (\lambda ) = 0$$

Re

ε
(
λ
)
=
0

. We describe this curve and give lower bounds to the function $$\mathrm{Re}\, \varepsilon $$

Re

ε

in regions of the complex plane, where it is positive.
An Abductive Question-Answer System for the Minimal Logic of Formal Inconsistency $$\mathsf {mbC}$$
Authors: Chlebowski Szymon , Gajda Andrzej , Urbański Mariusz 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe aim in this paper is to define an Abductive Question-Answer System for the minimal logic of formal inconsistency$$\mathsf {mbC}$$mbC. As a proof-theoretical basis we employ the Socratic proofs method. The system produces abductive hypotheses; these are answers to abductive questions concerning derivability of formulas from sets of formulas. We integrated the generation of and the evaluation of hypotheses via constraints of consistency and significance being imposed on the system rules.
From Semantic Games to Provability: The Case of Gödel Logic
Authors: Pavlova Alexandra , Freiman Robert , Lang Timo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe present a semantic game for Gödel logic and its extensions, where the players’ interaction stepwise reduces arbitrary claims about the relative order of truth degrees of complex formulas to atomic ones. The paper builds on a previously developed game for Gödel logic with projection operator in Fermülleret al. (in: M.-J. Lesot, S. Vieira, M.Z. Reformat, J.P. Carvalho, A. Wilbik, B. Bouchon-Meunier, and R.R. Yager, (eds.),Information processing and management of uncertainty in knowledge-based systems, Springer, Cham, 2020, pp. 257–270). This game is extended to cover Gödel logic with involutive negations and constants, and then lifted to a provability game using the concept of disjunctive strategies. Winning strategies in the provability game, with and without constants and involutive negations, turn out to correspond to analytic proofs in a version of$$\text{ SeqGZL } $$SeqGZL(A. Ciabattoni, and T. Vetterlein,Fuzzy Sets and Systems161(14):1941–1958, 2010) and in a sequent-of-relations calculus (M. Baaz, and Ch.G. Fermüller, in: N.V. Murray, (ed.),Automated reasoning with analytic tableaux and related methods, Springer, Berlin, 1999, pp. 36–51) respectively.
The abundance of yellow-legged gulls Larus michahellis breeding in the historic centre of Venice, Italy and the initial effects of the new waste collection policy on the population
Authors: Coccon Francesca , Vanni Lorenzo , Dabalà Caterina , Giunchi Dimitri 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe yellow-legged gullLarus michahellishas undergone widespread colonization of the urban environment in the recent past. The first urban breeding gulls were recorded in the historical centre of Venice, Italy, in 2000, and by 2005 there were already 24 roof-nesting pairs, with this number increasing significantly over the last decade. In 2016, a new door-to-door garbage collection system was introduced in Venice to prevent the accumulation of rubbish in the streets and limit the trophic resources available for the species. This study provides an up-to-date estimate of the Venice yellow-legged gull urban population using distance sampling method. We also studied the effect of the new waste collection system on the species by comparing the population estimate before (2017) and after (2018) the full implementation of this change and by analysing the trend of individuals collected in the old town by the wildlife recovery service during 2010–2018. Results estimated ca. 430 breeding pairs in June 2018 showing a 36% decrease with respect to 2017. We also found a decrease in the number of 1-year-old birds andpullicollected by the wildlife recovery service starting from 2016, when the policy implementation began. Our data did not show a significant decrease in the overall number of individuals, suggesting that the new policy has a stronger effect on the breeding success of the species than on adult survival. This study emphasizes the importance of preventing rubbish accumulation in the streets as factor for reducing the abundance of urban yellow-legged gulls.
A primer on skeletal dysplasias
Authors: Handa Atsuhiko , Nishimura Gen , Zhan Malia Xin , Bennett D. Lee , El-Khoury Georges Y. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSkeletal dysplasia encompasses a heterogeneous group of over 400 genetic disorders. They are individually rare, but collectively rather common with an approximate incidence of 1/5000. Thus, radiologists occasionally encounter skeletal dysplasias in their daily practices, and the topic is commonly brought up in radiology board examinations across the world. However, many radiologists and trainees struggle with this issue because of the lack of proper resources. The radiological diagnosis of skeletal dysplasias primarily rests on pattern recognition—a method that is often called the “Aunt Minnie” approach. Most skeletal dysplasias have an identifiable pattern of skeletal changes composed of unique findings and even pathognomonic findings. Thus, skeletal dysplasias are the best example to which the Aunt Minnie approach is readily applicable.
A Pilot Study on Approach Bias Modification in Smoking Cessation: Activating Personalized Alternative Activities for Smoking in the Context of Increased Craving
Authors: Wen Si , Larsen Helle , Wiers Reinout W. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The act of smoking has been associated with the automatic activation of approach biases towards smoking-related stimuli. However, previous research has produced mixed findings when smokers are trained to avoid such smoking-related stimuli through the application of Approach Bias Modification (ApBM). As such, this study aimed to test an improved ApBM (ApBM +), where smokers were trained to approach personalized alternative activities for smoking in the context of increased craving, in addition to training smoking-avoidance responses.

Methods
Sixty-seven daily smokers motivated to quit (M age = 29.27, 58.2% female) were randomly assigned to seven sessions of either ApBM + (n = 26), standard-ApBM (n = 19), or sham-ApBM (n = 22), after a brief motivational smoking intervention. Primary outcomes of approach biases for smoking and for alternative activities and secondary outcomes of smoking-related behaviors were assessed at pre-test, post-test, and 1-month follow-up.

Results
Overall, no group differences by condition were demonstrated in changing approach biases or smoking-related behaviors at post-test and 1-month follow-up. A trend level indication for differences in changes of smoking-approach biases between sham-ApBM and ApBM + for relatively heavy smokers was found at post-test. This was primarily driven by a significant increase in smoking-approach biases within the sham-ApBM condition and a trend decrease in smoking-approach biases within the ApBM + condition.

Conclusions
Our findings did not provide support for the current ApBM + concerning improved effects across the whole sample. Diverging training effects on approach biases for smoking in relatively heavy smokers warrants further research, for which we provide some suggestions.
‘It’s going to change the way we train’: Qualitative evaluation of a&nbsp;transformative faculty development workshop
Authors: Ong Caroline Choo Phaik , Foo Yang Yann , Chiu Fong Yee , Nestel Debra 
Published: October 2021

Introduction Relatively little is known about faculty development (FD) activities that help participants achieve sustainable behavioral change. This qualitative study evaluated the medium- to long-term impact of a FD workshop informed by transformative learning (TL) theory. It aimed to discover which aspects of FD prompted healthcare professionals (HPs) to adopt effective teaching and learning practices.
Methods Seventeen participants were interviewed between January and July 2020, 7 to 30 months after the workshop. Purposeful sampling strategies were used to collect data and analysis was performed using reflexive thematic analysis.
Results Four themes were identified: perspectival shift in educational practice, re-affirmation of current practices, becoming an educator, and valuing FD that accommodates HPs’ multiple communities of practice (CoPs). Workshop activities foregrounding critical discourse and reflection helped participants gain new knowledge and deeper understanding of education. TL was likely when participants already identified as an educator in addition to their HP identity. Additionally, a workplace CoP determined the type and level of support affecting HPs’ development as educators.
Discussion Aspects of FD that prompted HPs to adopt effective teaching and learning practices included initiatives that catalyzed critical discourse and reflection. Readiness for TL is promoted when HPs have a strong educator identity because of workplace educator CoPs. Future research could explore effecting sustainable post-workshop behavioral change in HPs through the strengthening of workplace educator CoPs. To do this, institutions could send co-located HPs from different disciplines to the same FD program.
Recent Advances in Interface Engineering for Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction Reaction
Authors: Li Junjun , Abbas Sulaiman Umar , Wang Haiqing , Zhang Zhicheng , Hu Wenping 
Published: October 2021

AbstractElectrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) can store and transform the intermittent renewable energy in the form of chemical energy for industrial production of chemicals and fuels, which can dramatically reduce CO2 emission and contribute to carbon-neutral cycle. Efficient electrocatalytic reduction of chemically inert CO2 is challenging from thermodynamic and kinetic points of view. Therefore, low-cost, highly efficient, and readily available electrocatalysts have been the focus for promoting the conversion of CO2. Very recently, interface engineering has been considered as a highly effective strategy to modulate the electrocatalytic performance through electronic and/or structural modulation, regulations of electron/proton/mass/intermediates, and the control of local reactant concentration, thereby achieving desirable reaction pathway, inhibiting competing hydrogen generation, breaking binding-energy scaling relations of intermediates, and promoting CO2 mass transfer. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of current developments in interface engineering for CO2RR from both a theoretical and experimental standpoint, involving interfaces between metal and metal, metal and metal oxide, metal and nonmetal, metal oxide and metal oxide, organic molecules and inorganic materials, electrode and electrolyte, molecular catalysts and electrode, etc. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of interface engineering for CO2RR are proposed.
Female Sexual Dysfunction as Measured by Low Sexual Frequency is Associated with Lower Socioeconomic Status: An Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2007-2016
Authors: Kim Joseph I. , Zhu Denzel , Davila Jonathan , Lee Justin , Chubak Barbara M , Melamed Michal L. , Abraham Nitya 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundFemale sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a complex disorder of biopsychosocial etiology, and FSD symptoms affect more than 40% of adult women worldwide.AimIn this cross-sectional study, we sought to investigate the association between FSD and socioeconomic status (SES) in a nationally representative female adult population.MethodsEconomic and sexual data for women aged 20–59 from the 2007–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a United States nationwide representative database, was analyzed. Poverty income ratio (PIR), a ratio of family income to poverty threshold, was used as a measure of SES, and low sexual frequency was used as a measure of FSD. The association between FSD and SES was analyzed using survey-weighted logistic regression after adjusting for relevant social and gynecologic covariates, such as marital status and history of pregnancy, as well as significant medical comorbidities.OutcomesWe found that FSD, as measured by low sexual frequency, was associated with lower SES.ResultsAmong the 7,348 women of mean age 38.4 (IQR 29–47) included in the final analysis, 26.3% of participants reported sexual frequency of 0–11 times/year and 73.7% participants reported sexual frequency &gt;11 times/year. Participants of PIR &lt;2 were 92% more likely to report sexual frequency ≤11 times/year than those of PIR ≥2 after adjusting for demographics, social history, gynecologic history and significant medical conditions (OR = 1.92; 95% CI = 1.21–3.05; P &lt; .006).Clinical ImplicationsThe evaluation and treatment of FSD may benefit from a comprehensive approach that takes SES into account.Strengths & LimitationsThis study is limited by its cross-sectional design, but it is strengthened by a large, nationally representative sample with extensive, standardized data ascertainment.ConclusionLower SES and lower sexual frequency are directly correlated among female adults in the United States; future studies should focus on social determinants of health as risk factors for FSD.
Willingness to Accept Incentives for a Shift to Climate-Smart Agriculture among Smallholder Farmers in Nigeria
Authors: Shittu Adebayo M. , Kehinde Mojisola O. , Adeyonu Abigail G. , Ojo Olutunji T. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe used choice experiment data collected from 542 farmers in Nigeria to assess smallholders’ preferences for shifting to Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA). Results suggest that the higher the size of the incentive, the more the likelihood of farmers’ willingness to invest in CSA schemes. Similarly, the farmers were in favor of community development associations and non-governmental organizations-managed schemes over other project managements and also prefer government-based institutions as opposed to the private sector. Willingness to accept results suggest that an average farmer is willing to accept $540/ha/year and $386/ha/year to embrace good agricultural practices (GAPs) with and without manure application.
Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: Towards a Personalized Approach
Authors: Hejrati Nader , Moghaddamjou Ali , Marathe Nandan , Fehlings Michael G. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT:Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is a recently coined term encompassing a variety of age-related and genetically associated pathologies, including cervical spondylotic myelopathy, degenerative disc disease, and ligamentous aberrations such as ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. All of these pathologies produce chronic compression of the spinal cord causing a clinical syndrome characterized by decreased hand dexterity, gait imbalance, and potential genitourinary or sensorimotor disturbances. Substantial variability in the underlying etiology of DCM and its natural history has generated heterogeneity in practice patterns. Ongoing debates in DCM management most commonly center around clinical decision-making, timing of intervention, and the ideal surgical approach. Pivotal basic science studies during the past two decades have deepened our understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms surrounding DCM. Growing knowledge of the key pathophysiologic processes will help us tailor personalized approaches in an increasingly heterogeneous patient population. This article focuses on summarizing the most exciting approaches in personalizing DCM patient treatments including biomarkers, factors affecting clinical decision-making, and choice of the optimal surgical approach. Throughout we provide a concise review on the conditions encompassing DCM and discuss the underlying pathophysiology of chronic spinal cord compression. We also provide an overview on clinical-radiologic diagnostic modalities as well as operative and nonoperative treatment strategies, thereby addressing knowledge gaps and controversies in the field of DCM.
Myself, Dancing: Choreographies of Black Womanhood in US Dance and History
Authors: Nereson Ariel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis essay analyzes Bill T. Jones/Arnie Zane Company's 2009 work Fondly Do We Hope…Fervently Do We Pray and its centering of Black women in US American history and contemporary choreographic practices. While the work's revisionist representation of national history could be understood as activist in terms of its desire to activate the spectator, this essay centers what performance might do for Black women performers and their personal practices of artistry and activism over what impulses toward social justice Black women's performances might galvanize in their audiences. Attributing FDWH's transformative potential to its aesthetic combination of postmodernism and sentimentalism and its erotic historiography, I theorize the work as a choreohistory, a mode of cultural production wherein the ordering of movement and the ordering of the past interanimate one another.
Estimating the cost-effectiveness of the Sodium Reduction in Communities Program
Authors: Yarnoff Benjamin , Teachout Emily , MacLeod Kara , Whitehill John , Jordan Julia , Tayebali Zohra , Bates Laurel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjective:This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC’s) Sodium Reduction in Communities Program (SRCP).Design:We collected implementation costs and performance measure indicators from SRCP recipients and their partner food service organisations. We estimated the cost per person and per food service organisation reached and the cost per menu item impacted. We estimated the short-term effectiveness of SRCP in reducing sodium consumption and used it as an input in the Prevention Impact Simulation Model to project the long-term impact on medical cost savings and quality-adjusted life-years gained due to a reduction in CVD and estimate the cost-effectiveness of SRCP if sustained through 2025 and 2040.Setting:CDC funded eight recipients as part of the 2016–2021 round of the SRCP to work with food service organisations in eight settings to increase the availability and purchase of lower-sodium food options.Participants:Eight SRCP recipients and twenty of their partners.Results:At the recipient level, average cost per person reached was $10, and average cost per food service organisation reached was $42 917. At the food service organisation level, median monthly cost per food item impacted by recipe modification or product substitution was $684. Cost-effectiveness analyses showed that, if sustained, the programme is cost saving (i.e. the reduction in medical costs is greater than the implementation costs) in the target population by $1·82 through 2025 and $2·09 through 2040.Conclusions:By providing evidence of the cost-effectiveness of a real-world sodium reduction initiative, this study can help inform decisions by public health organisations about related CVD prevention interventions.
Offshore Sea Levels Measured With an Anchored Spar‐Buoy System Using GPS Interferometric Reflectometry
Authors: Xie Surui , Chen Jing , Dixon Timothy H. , Weisberg Robert H. , Zumberge Mark A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractConventional tide gauges are usually housed along the coast. Satellite altimetry works well in the open ocean but poorly near the coast due to signal contamination by land returns. These limitations lead to an observational gap in the transition zone between the coast and open ocean. Using data collected by a GPS installed on top of an anchored spar‐buoy in Tampa Bay, we retrieved water levels through a combination of precise positioning and interferometric reflectometry. Individual water level retrievals agree with a nearby acoustic tide gauge (19.5 km distance) at ∼15 cm level. Amplitude and phase of the major tidal constituents are well recovered by the GPS spar‐buoy measurements. Over a 2.9‐year period, agreement of de‐tided daily mean sea levels measured by the GPS spar‐buoy and the nearby acoustic tide gauge is 4.4 cm. When sea level data measured by the GPS spar‐buoy are included in the local coastal ocean circulation model, low‐frequency error propagated from the open boundary is significantly reduced.
Lagged Wetland CH4 Flux Response in a Historically Wet Year
Authors: Turner J. , Desai A. R. , Thom J. , Wickland K. P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhile a stimulating effect of plant primary productivity on soil carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions has been well documented, links between gross primary productivity (GPP) and wetland methane (CH4) emissions are less well investigated. Determination of the influence of primary productivity on wetland CH4 emissions (FCH4) is complicated by confounding influences of water table level and temperature on CH4 production, which also vary seasonally. Here, we evaluate the link between preceding GPP and subsequent FCH4 at two fens in Wisconsin using eddy covariance flux towers, Lost Creek (US‐Los) and Allequash Creek (US‐ALQ). Both wetlands are mosaics of forested and shrub wetlands, with US‐Los being larger in scale and having a more open canopy. Co‐located sites with multi‐year observations of flux, hydrology, and meteorology provide an opportunity to measure and compare lag effects on FCH4 without interference due to differing climate. Daily average FCH4 from US‐Los reached a maximum of 47.7 ηmol CH4 m−2 s−1 during the study period, while US‐ALQ was more than double at 117.9 ηmol CH4 m−2 s−1. The lagged influence of GPP on temperature‐normalized FCH4 (Tair‐FCH4) was weaker and more delayed in a year with anomalously high precipitation than a following drier year at both sites. FCH4 at US‐ALQ was lower coincident with higher stream discharge in the wet year (2019), potentially due to soil gas flushing during high precipitation events and lower water temperatures. Better understanding of the lagged influence of GPP on FCH4 due to this study has implications for climate modeling and more accurate carbon budgeting.