bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Hospital Cost of Primary and Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty After Cost Containment
Authors: Iorio Richard , Healy William L , Richards Julie A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This study compared the hospital cost of primary and revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) after the introduction of cost-containment programs (clinical pathway, hip implant standardization, and competitive bid purchasing of hip implants). Hospital financial records for 290 primary and 85 revision THAs performed from October 1993 through September 1995 were analyzed. A cost-accounting system provided actual hospital cost data for each procedure. Accurate calculation of hospital income or loss was determined.
Average hospital length of stay was 4.9 days for primary THA and 5.9 days for revision THA. Average hospital cost was $11,104 for primary THA and $14,935 for revision THA. Average net income (hospital revenue - hospital expense) for primary THA was $2486. Average loss from revision THA was $401 . The payer mix included commercial insurance. Blue Cross/Blue Shield, managed care. Medicare, Medicaid, and workmen's compensation. For primary THA, all payers were profitable except Medicaid and selected managed care contracts. For revision THA, profit was achieved with payment from commercial insurance only. Despite the introduction of cost-containment programs, revision THA did not achieve profitability at our institution.
General Short-Term Indomethacin Prophylaxis to Prevent Heterotopic Ossification in Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Hofmann S , Trnka H-J , Metzenroth H , Frank E , Ritschl P , Salzer M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This prospective study evaluated heterotopic ossification prophylaxis with indomethacin for 14 days in 201 consecutive patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. Ranitidine was administered concurrently to alleviate gastrointestinal side effects. None of the patients with mild gastrointestinal side effects (1 2%) had to suspend the prophylaxis, and no major postoperative bleeding or gastrointestinal ulcers were observed. After 12 months of follow-up, 67% of patients had no evidence of heterotopic ossification, 32% percent had grades I and 1% had grade III without clinical significance, and 0% had grade IV ossification according to BrookeKs classification. These results indicate that short-term indomethacin prophylaxis is an effective, inexpensive, and easily administrated alternative to single-dose radiotherapy for nearly all patients undergoing THA.
AO Tension-Band Osteosynthesis of Displaced Olecranon Fractures
Authors: Finsen Vilhjalmur , Lingaas Per Snorre , Storrø Sturla 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This study reviewed 31 patients who underwent AO tension-band osteosynthesis of displaced olecranon fractures. Thirteen fractures were comminuted. Postoperative immobilization was short, and the median hospital stay was 3 days. In 2 patients, the stainless steel wire broke and required replacement. In 13 patients, the osteosynthesis material was removed after healing because of pain at the tip of the elbow; this did not influence the final result. Median time out of work was 12 weeks. There was no significant loss of elbow power. There was satisfactory mobility, function, and absence of pain. There were 29 good and 2 fair clinical results. Anatomic reduction was achieved in 24 elbows. Possible arthrosis was detected at follow-up in 5 elbows but these patients had a good clinical result. AO tension-band osteosynthesis of displaced olecranon fractures yields good clinical medium-term results with few serious complications.
The Effect of AlloMatrix Injectable Putty on the Outcome of Long Bone Applications
Authors: Wilkins Ross M , Kelly Cynthia M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Long bone defects due to nonunion or surgical excision of benign bone tumors result in areas that require rapid regeneration of local bone. This clinical and radiographic article details the results of a commercially prepared allograft demineralized bone matrix in patients with long bone voids or gaps. Of the 76 patients included for study, 41 (54%) patients were undergoing surgical intervention for removal of benign tumors or space-occupying lesions and 35 (46%) patients had long bone nonunions. AlloMatrix Injectable Putty (Wright Medical Technology, Inc, Arlington, Tenn) was used alone in 74 (97%) patients and in combination with bone marrow aspirate in two (3%) patients with tibial nonunion. Adjunctive strut allografts were used in three patients with humeral nonunion. The average time to follow-up for the combined population was 7 months (nonunion group 6 months; benign tumor group 7 months). At the most recent follow-up, radiographic evidence of the average percent of bone healing was 85.1% for the nonunion patient group and 93% for the benign tumor patient group. From this study, AlloMatrix Injectable Putty used as a bone void filler in long bone nonunions and benign tumors shows results equal to those historically reported for autograft and other materials.
Osseous Healing Using Injectable Calcium Sulfate-Based Putty for the Delivery of Demineralized Bone Matrix and Cancellous Bone Chips
Authors: Turner Thomas M , Urban Robert M , Hall Deborah J , Infanger Susan , Gitelis Steven , Petersen Donald W , Haggard Warren O 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Three formulations of injectable calcium sulfate-based putties containing demineralized bone matrix (DBM), 50% DBM/50% cancellous bone (CB) chips, and 30% DBM/70% CB were studied in canines. Four humeral defects per dog were implanted with one of each of the putty formulations while the fourth defect was left untreated. After 6 weeks, the dogs were euthanized. Radiographs and histology showed that the area fraction of new bone in the defects was greater for the three putty formulations than the untreated defects. The area of residual cancellous bone graft remaining in the defects was <10% in both CB putties. Residual calcium sulfate was not apparent in any of the histological sections. We conclude that fast-resorbing calcium sulfatebased putties are effective delivery means of bone graft materials for the successful restoration of bony defects.
Advancements in Minimally Invasive Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Waldman Barry J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Orthopedic surgeons have successfully performed total hip arthroplasty (THA) for more than 40 years. During this time it has continued to evolve into a more predictable and refined procedure. Minimally invasive surgery represents one of the most recent techniques to have emerged within THA. In conventional THA, the incision typically measures 20-30 cm depending on the patient. Although conventional THA affords wide exposure of the hip joint, it also leads to a predictably large blood loss and significant rehabilitation time. Minimally invasive approaches, defined as less invasive to the skin, muscles, or bone, may reduce complications and potentially improve recovery time. Minimizing the recovery process is becoming increasingly desirable in a society that demands an individual to return to normal activities after a short recovery. There are a number of potential approaches and methods that may improve the results of THA. Complications of minimally invasive surgery may include sciatic or femoral nerve palsy, component malpositioning, intraoperative fracture, teg length discrepancy, and damage to muscles or skin by excessive retraction.
Modular Femoral Component for Conversion of Previous Hip Surgery in Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Goldstein Wayne M , Branson Jill J 
Published: April 2021

abstract
The conversion of previous hip surgery to total hip arthroplasty creates a durable construct that is anatomically accurate. Most femoral components with either cemented or cementless design have a fixed tapered proximal shape. The proximal femoral anatomy is changed due to previous hip surgery for fixation of an intertrochanteric hip fracture, proximal femoral osteotomy, or a fibular allograft for avascular necrosis. The modular S-ROM (DePuy Orthopaedics Inc., Warsaw, lnd) hip stem accommodates these issues and independently prepares the proximal and distal portion of the femur. In preparation and implantation, the S-ROM hip stem creates less hoop stresses on potentially fragile stress risers from screws and thin bone. The S-ROM hip stem also prepares a previously distorted anatomy by milling through cortical bone that can occlude the femoral medullar canals and recreate proper femoral anteversion and reduces the risk of intraoperative or postoperative periprosthetic fracture due to the flexible titanium-slotted stem. The S-RÖM femoral stem is recommended for challenging total hip reconstructions.
The Patulous Proximal Femur
Authors: Cameron Hugh U 
Published: April 2021

abstract
Patients with patulous proximal femurs who have hip revision surgery can be treated with reduction osteotomies or with large ingrowth sleeves used with proximally modular stems. Three hundred nine patients had hip revision with >5-years' follow-up (mean 8.6 years). Reduction osteotomies were performed in six patients, all of whom have done well. The overall rerevision rate of 1.7% suggests that either of these methods produces reasonable results in patients with expanded proximal femurs.
The Client Base of Nursing, 1920-1930
Authors: Matejski Myrtle P 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
History should serve two functions: it should provide a more complete picture of the development of civilization, and it should make us aware of our beginnings, where we stand today, and the direction in which we are heading. People are the dynamic element in history. This study provides a historical perspective of nursing through an investigation of social attitudes, economic status and educational opportunities in New England from 1920-1930. Theories from Clarke, Shryock and Baldridge were utilized.
An analysis of historical data suggests that nursing educators need to address the current climate of opinion concerning nursing, to analyze the market place to determine the type nursing leaders needed to guide the future of nursing, and to re-evaluate the client-base of professional nursing with a view to attracting and retaining highly qualified people capable of achieving positive collegia! relations with others while improving nursing autonomy.
Follow the Leader: A Learning Exercise
Authors: Brand Mary Ann , Craig Ruth M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This manuscript presents an alternate method for students' acquisition of leadership concepts. It also invites the students to become actively involved in their own learning. "Follow the Leader: A Learning Exercise" enables students to observe leadership in action, and to analyze and assimilate leadership/management theories. After observing leaders, the students discuss how they would use what they learned to become better nursing leaders. The exercise covers these key nursing management concepts: principles of delegation of authority and responsibility, communication patterns, group process, decision making, and evaluation. In order to do the exercise, students need background knowledge of basic management procedures of planning, organizing, directing and controlling.
Applying the Rasch Model to Test Administration
Authors: Howard Elizabeth Ptaszynski 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The Rasch Model is offered as a valuable means to analyze what occurs when students take tests. Unlike Classical Test Theory, the Rasch Model is not sample dependent; it generates data about the test items and the students who took the test. Test item values, item fit statistics, person measures and person fit statistics are some of the results obtained when one uses this model. Through the application of the Rasch Model described here, one may assess its value particularly to nurse educators who address many variables when administering tests. This model facilitates analysis of these variables. Additionally, it allows for comparison of test item values and person measures on the same linear scale. The result of the application of the Rasch Model is a more refined measurement of test item difficulty and student performance.
Baccalaureate Education and NCLEX: The Causes of Success
Authors: Whitley Marilyn Peddicord , Chadwick Patricia L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A systems framework was used to study the unusual failure rate on the National Council Licensing Examination (NCLEX) experienced by one-third of the 1983 graduates of a Northwestern Bachelor of Science Nursing (BSN) program. The study group included 176 graduates; 28 were nonsuccessful and 148 were successful candidates. All candidates experienced an integrated curriculum in the two-year nursing major. This comprehensive study addressed the conceptual and experiential areas of the curriculum as well as student academic potential and performance. It is one of the first research reports to include the new NCLEX as the dependent variable. Data were analyzed for correlational and causal relationships using regression analysis and tests of statistical inference. Results indicated that graduates who entered the program with low SAT scores, low cumulative and Science GPAs, who scored below the class mean on School of Nursing examinations and whose cumulative grade point averages drifted downward while in the School of Nursing were at a significantly high risk of failing the NCLEX. It was demonstrated that the bulk of the learners attracted to the University program fell in the B to C range of academic performance, some graduates were dissatisfied with faculty teaching skill and methods, as well as with the amount of hands-on experience available either in skills labs or clinical settings. The integrated curriculum used by the School of Nursing, threading concepts across practice areas, also presented a difficulty for students. Overall, the study indicated a concern about whether the avant-garde integrated curriculum and teaching methods used by the School of Nursing met the needs of average learners attracted to the program.
Using Computers to Teach Basic Facts in the Nursing Curriculum
Authors: Brat Ellen , Vockell Edward 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This article reports on the field testing of a set of flexible computer assisted instruction (CAI) programs to supplement more traditional approaches to a unit of instruction on respiratory assessment for undergraduate nursing students. The results indicate that the students reacted favorably to the CAI materials and that the performance of students improved significantly when they used the experimental programs. This field test offers useful insights into how microcomputers can be integrated into the nursing curriculum.
Oral Communication Instruction for a Career in Nursing
Authors: Willmington S Clay 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The reason for this study was to discover the specific oral communication skills necessary for success in nursing, and those skills most in need of improvement, according to Directors of Nursing. The findings supported claims in nursing literature that many specific oral communication are critical to the success of nurses. Other findings showed that most undesirable communication behaviors are only used either "rarely" or "sometimes" by nurses and that, of seven communication variables studied, communication skills associated with listening were most important and in greatest need of improvement by nurses.
A Model for Constructing a Conceptual Framework for Education in the Clinical Specialty
Authors: Reed Pamela G 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A "Process Model" is described as an approach to developing and refining conceptual frameworks for education in the clinical specialties. A major characteristic of this approach is the borrowing of concepts from selected nursing models to construct the framework. Conceptual and empirical phases of the Model are discussed as they relate to clarifying the conceptual base of the clinical specialty. Applications of the Process Model to undergraduate and graduate education are presented.
Doctoral Programs in Nursing: An Examination of Curriculum Similarities and Differences
Authors: Snyder-Halpern Rita 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In this exploratory study, eight doctoral programs in nursing (four PhD and four DNS/DSN/DNSc) were surveyed to examine curricular similarities and differences between research-oriented and professional-oriented programs. Content analysis was utilized to examine manifest content of 101 units of analysis derived from questionnaire items. These items reflected environmental input, curricular design, and outcome variables. Findings suggested that more curricular similarities than differences existed between the two program types. Curricular design variables reflected the most differences in the areas of program purposes and objectives. Several areas were identified for additional research in each variable category.
Deans of Nursing: Perceived Sources of Conflict and Conflict-Handling Modes
Authors: Woodtli Anne O'Hearn 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between sources of conflict with nursing faculty and deans' conflict-handling styles. A three-part questionnaire was sent to 257 deans of baccalaureate nursing programs. One hundred sixty-seven deans responded. The findings showed that deans identified two levels of conflict with nursing faculty, and sources of conflict leading to each level. Deans perceived no change in conflict-handling styles in relation to conflict source or perceived effect. In addition, significant relationships were found among conflict-handling modes, conflict sources, and demographic data.
An Interpretive Analysis of Precepting an Unsafe Student
Authors: Rittman Maude R , Osburn Joan 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Precepting students during their senior practicum is often viewed as an opportunity to nurture the next generation of nurses. However, when the student has only marginally passed courses or clinical experiences, precepting may become a difficult and challenging process. Little is known about how preceptors teach students and even less is known about precepting unsafe students. The purpose of this article is to describe a preceptor's journey through a difficult senior practicum experience. A hermeneutic analysis of the preceptor's journal revealed two themes important in precepting the unsafe student: knowing the student and creating possibilities for success. Two aspects of knowing the student included watchful listening and assessing dangerousness. These themes are described and the dilemma of bringing an unsafe nurse into the profession is discussed.
Improving Examination Performance Using Exam Analysis
Authors: Condon Vaneta Mabley , Drew David Eli 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The Exam Analysis is a diagnostic and prescriptive program in which a student and an instructor identify why the student failed to answer specific questions correctly on an examination. Problems related to incorrect answers are then categorized into five problem areas. This analysis is used to develop a plan which will help the student utilize specific skills in order to improve examination performance. This article describes the Exam Analysis program, gives specific information which will enable an instructor to assist a student in completing an Exam Analysis, and discusses the results of a survey in which 105 nursing students evaluated the impact of participating in the program on subsequent examination performance. A large majority of the students surveyed agreed that participation in the Exam Analysis program resulted in improved examination performance. Improved exam-taking skills, better study skills, decreased test anxiety and increased self-confidence were identified as Exam Analysis program outcomes by the students included in the study.
Pain Management Instruction in Nursing Curricula
Authors: Zalon Margarete Lieb 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The persistent problem of inadequate assessment of pain, undermedication for pain by nurses, and reports of nurses themselves that they are unprepared to manage various types of pain provided direction for this study. The purpose was to investigate time allocated to pain content, the nature of the theoretical content and clinical experiences in nursing curricula, and faculty satisfaction with their graduates' preparation for pain management in baccalaureate and associate degree programs. The 80% response rate included 177 associate degree and 174 baccalaureate nursing programs. No significant differences between associate degree and baccalaureate programs for the amount of time allocated to pain content, pharmacological management of pain and nonpharmacological pain relief methods were found. Nonpharmacological methods are introduced to students, but most programs do not provide in-depth instruction. The majority of respondents indicated they were satisfied with their graduates' preparation for pain management, but less satisfied with the amount of time allocated to pain content in the curriculum. Implications for education and research are discussed.
Transcultural Mentoring: An Experience in Perspective Transformation
Authors: Morales-Mann Erlinda T , Higuchi Kathryn A Smith 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This article describes the phases of a transcultural mentoring relationship between Chinese nurses and Canadian nursing professors. Mezirow's adult learning theory of perspective transformation was used to guide this educational experience. An understanding of this learning process sensitized the mentors to the disorienting dilemma and culturally induced behaviors of their protégés. The aims of this article are to provide a description of the mentoring process using Mezirow's framework, describe how this process differed from the traditional mentoring relationship, identify the major factors that influenced the relationship, describe what was learned from the experience and to make recommendations based on the authors' experiences.
Do Clinical Experiences Affect Nursing Students' Attitudes Toward the Elderly?
Authors: Sheffler Sylvia J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This descriptive study examined nursing students' attitudes toward the elderly pre- and post-clinical experiences in two healthcare settings (nursing home and hospital) and the relationship of knowledge about the elderly to student attitudes. Kogan's Attitude Toward Old People's Scale measured students' attitudes before and after their clinical experiences. In the same way, Palmore's Facts on Aging Quiz assessed the subjects' knowledge about the elderly. A Demographic Data Form collected information on selected variables and a Clinical Data Form collected information on subjects' clinical placement and the ages of their clients. The results of this study indicate that students' attitudes toward the elderly improved regardless of their clinical setting and that there was a positive relationship between knowledge and attitudes. This illustrates that faculty may need to be less concerned about the students' clinical setting and focus more on the addition of gerontological content in the nursing curriculum.