bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Dose-Response Effect of the Mast Cell Stabilizer Ketotifen Fumarate on Posttraumatic Joint Contracture
Authors: Schneider Prism S. , Johal Herman , Befus A. Dean , Salo Paul T. , Hart David A. , Hildebrand Kevin A. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Posttraumatic joint contracture is a debilitating complication following an acute fracture or intra-articular injury that can lead to loss of motion and an inability to complete activities of daily living. In prior studies using an established in vivo model, we found that ketotifen fumarate (KF), a mast cell stabilizer, was associated with a significant reduction in the severity of posttraumatic joint contracture. Our primary research question in the current study was to determine whether a dose-response relationship exists between KF and posttraumatic joint contracture reduction.

Methods:
A standardized operative method to create posttraumatic joint contracture in a knee was performed on skeletally mature New Zealand White rabbits. The animals were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 groups (n = 10 per group): a nonoperative control group, an operative control group, or 1 of 3 experimental KF groups (0.01 mg/kg [the KF 0.01 group], 0.1 mg/kg [KF 0.1], or 5.0 mg/kg [KF 5.0]). Flexion contractures were measured following 8 weeks of knee immobilization using a hydraulic material-testing machine. The posterior knee joint capsules were then harvested for quantification of myofibroblast and mast cell numbers with immunohistochemistry analysis.

Results:
Forty-five rabbits were used in the final analysis. Contracture severity was significantly reduced in the KF 0.1 group (p = 0.016) and the KF 5.0 group (p = 0.001) compared with the operative control group. When converted to a percent response, posttraumatic joint contracture reduction was 13%, 45%, and 63% for the KF 0.01, KF 0.1, and KF 5.0 groups, respectively. A half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) for KF of 0.22 mg/kg was established. There was also a decrease in myofibroblasts, mast cells, and substance P-containing nerve fiber counts with increasing doses of KF.

Conclusions:
Using a preclinical, rabbit in vivo model of posttraumatic joint contracture, increasing doses of KF were associated with decreasing biomechanical estimates of knee posttraumatic joint contracture as well as decreasing numbers of myofibroblasts, mast cells, and substance P-containing nerve fibers.

Clinical Relevance:
KF has been used safely in humans for more than 40 years and, to our knowledge, is the first and only agent ready to be potentially translated into an effective treatment for posttraumatic joint contracture.
Machine Learning Can Predict Level of Improvement in Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: McLendon Paul B. , Christmas Kaitlyn N. , Simon Peter , Plummer Otho R. , Hunt Audrey , Ahmed Adil S. , Mighell Mark A. , Frankle Mark A. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
The ability to accurately predict postoperative outcomes is of considerable interest in the field of orthopaedic surgery. Machine learning has been used as a form of predictive modeling in multiple health-care settings. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether machine learning algorithms using preoperative data can predict improvement in American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores for patients with glenohumeral osteoarthritis (OA) at a minimum of 2 years after shoulder arthroplasty.

Methods:
This was a retrospective cohort study that included 472 patients (472 shoulders) diagnosed with primary glenohumeral OA (mean age, 68 years; 56% male) treated with shoulder arthroplasty (431 anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty and 41 reverse total shoulder arthroplasty). Preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans were used to classify patients on the basis of glenoid and rotator cuff morphology. Preoperative and final postoperative ASES scores were used to assess the level of improvement. Patients were separated into 3 improvement ranges of approximately equal size. Machine learning methods that related patterns of these variables to outcome ranges were employed. Three modeling approaches were compared: a model with the use of all baseline variables (Model 1), a model omitting morphological variables (Model 2), and a model omitting ASES variables (Model 3).

Results:
Improvement ranges of ≤28 points (class A), 29 to 55 points (class B), and >55 points (class C) were established. Using all follow-up time intervals, Model 1 gave the most accurate predictions, with probability values of 0.94, 0.95, and 0.94 for classes A, B, and C, respectively. This was followed by Model 2 (0.93, 0.80, and 0.73) and Model 3 (0.77, 0.72, and 0.71).

Conclusions:
Machine learning can accurately predict the level of improvement after shoulder arthroplasty for glenohumeral OA. This may allow physicians to improve patient satisfaction by better managing expectations. These predictions were most accurate when latent variables were combined with morphological variables, suggesting that both patients’ perceptions and structural pathology are critical to optimizing outcomes in shoulder arthroplasty.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Invasion of coral reefs of Lakshadweep atolls by a central Indo-Pacific corallimorph
Authors: A. Alvin , R. Aju K. , R. Sreenath K. , A. Pradeep M. , A. Nisha E. , K. Joshi K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Worldwide, coral reefs are in decline due to mass bleaching, natural calamities, diseases, and anthropogenic stressors that expose large swathe of unutilized substratum which is later occupied by other benthic organisms like corallimorpharians, anemones, macroalgae etc. In the current work, we describe for the first time, the competitive interaction between a corallimorph and hard corals, observed in Kavaratti and Chetlat atolls in the tropical Indian Ocean, which is the first reported instance of an invasion of corallimorpharian in the entire Lakshadweep islands. The corallimorph, Rhodactis bryoides Haddon & Shackleton, 1893, is identified by morphological and molecular analysis. It is found that the species has no previous records from the western Indian Ocean region. Since the competitive interaction among reef organisms for space will have significant repercussions on the entire reef ecosystem in the future, we observed the pace of invasion for six months and calculated the relative abundance of the corallimorph using transects. None of the previous factors causing a corallimorpharia outbreak viz., external disturbances and nutrient enrichment were observed in this region. However, these tropical atolls are prone to occasional bleaching during the summer seasons. Further investigation needs to be conducted on the biology of this species, the interaction with other benthic groups and the environmental descriptors promoting the invasion.
Atrial myxoma with renal colic
Authors: Guo Yang , Cao Min , Huang Xiaobo , Pan Lingai 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Backgroundcardiac myxoma is a common benign tumor of the heart. It can have any presentation such as mitral stenosis, embolization. The best treatment is surgical resection.Case presentationA 30-year-old man presented with 2-days of right renal colic and chest tightness, dyspnea. He was diagnosed as renal infarction through ultrasound in another hospital and received some analgesic drugs. But the symptoms didn’t resolved and he came to our ICU(Intensive Care Medicine). We performed the ultrasonography and found a mass in the right atrium computed tomography angiography cofirmed it, and it was cross-valve growth, irregular shape, and slight enhancement of the enhanced edge, consider myxoma. Multiple non-reinforced areas were seen in the right renal cortex and medulla, right renal artery embolization, right renal infarction might be considered. The patient was taken to the operating room for emergent myxoma resection, renal artery thrombectomy.ConclusionMyxomas should be in differential diagnosis in patient present with thromboembolism. Early diagnosis and surgical are crucial treatment in deal with myxoma.
Physical characterization of the fruit and nutritional value and microbiology quality of the Pentadesma butyracea fruit pulp collected from various parks in Benin
Authors: Ayegnon Bernolde Paul , Chabi Ifagbémi Bienvenue , Akogou Folachodé Ulrich Gildas , Kayodé Adéchola Pierre Polycarpe 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In Benin, Pentadesma butyracea fruit pulp undergoes significant post-harvest loss due to its low valorization. The collected fruits in five parklands from a survey of transformer's perception were characterized through their visual observations, the determination of their dimensions and pulp proportions. The nutritional value of pulp was evaluated through its chemical characterization. The results of this study revealed that four shapes (ellipsoid, globular, ovoid, ellipsoid twisted) identify the physical aspect of P. butyracea fruits in the P. butyracea parklands. The average length, diameter at the equator, mass and pulp proportion of fruits were 130.93 mm, 86.98 mm, 125.63 g and 35.79%, respectively. The physicochemical characterization showed that the P. butyracea fruit pulp contained 3.37-3.41 pH, 3.33-4.61% protein, 20.37 – 20.78% fiber, 2.78-3.57% ash, 6.31-6.51% crude lipid, 85.77-86.47% moisture, 21.54-23.22 mg/ml total phenolics, 0.73-1.03% acidity titratable, 65.10 – 66.94% carbohydrates, 335.75-338.99 kcal calorie and minerals (Ca, Fe, Zn, Mn). The antioxidant activity result showed that the P. butyracea fruit pulp is a valuable source of antioxidant pigments. Faecal coliforms are not detected in pulps and the aerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeasts and moulds, and Staphylococcus aureus were below detection level in P. butyracea fruit pulps.
WITHDRAWN: Change impact analysis of complex product based on three-parameter interval grey number grey relational model
Authors: Yang Weiming , Li Congdong , Yu Yinyun , Li Bingjun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Change impact evaluation of complex product plays an important role in controlling change cost and improving change efficiency of engineering change enterprises. In order to improve the accuracy of change impact evaluation,this paper firstly expresses engineering changes based on multi-stage complex networks. Then, it constructs the evaluation index system of complex product engineering change impact. Next, based on the combination weighted three-parameter grey relational model, the engineering change impact of complex product is evaluated. Finally, a case analysis was carried out with the permanent magnet synchronous centrifugal compressor in a large permanent magnet synchronous centrifugal unit to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Control of Dynamic sp3-C Stereochemistry
Authors: Bismillah Aisha , Johnson Toby , Hussein Burhan , Turley Andrew , Wong Ho Chi , Aguilar Juan , Yufit Dmitry , McGonigal Paul 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Stereogenic sp3-hybridized carbon centres are fundamental building blocks of chiral molecules. Unlike dynamic stereogenic motifs, such as sp3-nitrogen centres or atropisomeric biaryls, sp3-carbon centres are usually fixed, requiring intermolecular reactions to undergo configurational change. Here, we report the internal enantiomerization of fluxional carbon cages and the consequences of their adaptive configurations for the transmission of stereochemical information. The sp3-carbon stereochemistry of the rigid tricyclic cages is inverted through strain-assisted Cope rearrangements, emulating the low-barrier configurational dynamics typical for sp3 nitrogen inversion or conformational isomerism. This dynamic enantiomerization can be stopped, restarted, or slowed by external reagents, while the configuration of the cage is controlled by neighbouring, fixed stereogenic centres. As part of a phosphoramidite–olefin ligand, the fluxional cage acts as a conduit to transmit stereochemical information from the ligand while also transferring its dynamic properties to chiral-at-metal coordination environments, influencing catalysis and ligand exchange energetics.
Measuring Health Sciences Research Capacity in Africa: Mapping The Available Data
Authors: Wenham Clare , Wouters Olivier , Jones Catherine M , Mijumbi Rhona M , Juma Pamela A , Sobngwi-Tambekou Joelle L , Parkhurst Justin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: In recent years there have been calls to strengthen health sciences research capacity in African countries. This capacity can contribute to improvements in health, social welfare, and poverty reduction through domestic application of research findings; it is increasingly seen as critical to pandemic preparedness and response. Developing research infrastructure and performance may reduce national economies’ reliance on primary commodity and agricultural production, as countries strive to develop knowledge-based economies to help drive macroeconomic growth. Yet efforts to date to understand health sciences research capacity are limited to output metrics of journal citations and publications, failing to reflect the complexity of the health sciences research landscape in many settings. Methods: We map and assess current capacity for health sciences research across all 54 countries of Africa by collecting a range of available data. This included structural indicators (research institutions and research funding), process indicators (clinical trial infrastructures, intellectual property rights, and regulatory capacities) and output indicators (publications and citations). Results: While there are some countries which perform well across the range of indicators used, for most countries the results are varied – suggesting high relative performance in some indicators, but lower in others. Missing data for key measures of capacity or performance is also a key concern. Taken as a whole, existing data suggest a nuanced view of current health sciences research landscape on the African continent.Conclusion: Mapping existing data may enable governments and international organisations to identify where gaps in health sciences research capacity lie, particularly in comparison to other countries in the region. It also highlights gaps where more data are needed. These data can help to inform investment priorities and future system needs.
Evaluation of Heavy Metals Contamination in Agricultural Soils
Authors: Rani Jyoti , Chaudhary Sudesh , Agarwal Tripti 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The present study was conducted to assess heavy metals contamination in agricultural soils in the National Capital Region, Delhi. A total of 84 soil samples were collected from selected agricultural areas located near industries, national highways, state highways, Yamuna floodplain, residential complexes, and wastewater irrigated soils. Heavy metal concentrations (Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn), pH, and organic carbon (%) were analyzed in the collected soil samples. The average value of pH and organic carbon in the soil samples collected were 7.79±0.49 and 0.53±0.17 percent. Average concentrations of heavy metals in soils were found to be in the order of Fe> Al>Mn> Zn> Ni>Cr> Cu>Pb> Co> Cd with value as 14916.92 mg kg -1 , 13538.87 mg kg -1 , 277.16 mg kg -1 , 74.53 mg kg -1 , 35.34 mg kg -1 , 33.68 mg kg -1 , 22.94 mg kg -1 , 18.45 mg kg -1 , 1.88 mg kg -1 , and 0.92 mg kg -1 . A very high concentration of Fe (6640.09-32650.23 mg kg -1 ), Al (5631-27209.99 mg kg -1 ), Mn (73.8-735.72 mg kg -1 ), Zn (16.45-221.88 mg kg -1 ), Ni (7.63-192.63 mg kg -1 ), and Cr (9.65-127.21 mg kg -1 ) were recorded in agricultural soil samples. The average concentrations of Mn, Ni, and Zn in the soil samples were several times higher than their concentration in Indian natural background soils. A significant potential ecological risk has been noticed in nearly all the agricultural soil samples except for the samples collected nearby residential areas. The contamination factor has shown that most of the soil samples were moderately contaminated with Mn, Ni, Fe, and Cr and some soil samples were considerably to strongly contaminated with Cd, Zn, Pb, and Ni. Wastewater irrigated soils showed a moderate to a strong degree of accumulation of heavy metals (Cd, Ni, and Zn).
A large π-conjugated ligand in metal-organic framework as opticalswitch to regulate the electron transfer pathway for highly selective reduction of CO2 to CH4
Authors: Liao Pei-Qin , Liu Yuanyuan , Zhu Hao-Lin , Huang Ning-Yu , Chen Xiao-Ming 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Here, we report a Cu-based metal-organic framework (Cu-DBC), constructed by the large π-conjugated ligand dibenzo-[g,p]chrysene-2,3,6,7,10,11,14,15-octaol and the square-pyramidal CuO5 nodes, as the photo-coupled electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction to CH4. Under visible light, it exhibits high performance for photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CH4 with selectivity of 100% and rate of 1.04 μmol g-1 h-1, without additional photosensitizer. Importantly, at -1.4 V vs. RHE, it exhibits high performance for photo-coupled electroreduction of CO2 to CH4 with a Faradaic efficiency (CH4) of 93% and current density of 10.4 A g-1. Theoretical calculations, in-situ infrared spectroscopy investigation and Mott–Schottky measurements showed that the large conjugated ligand in Cu-DBC has the suitable lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) to match well with the reduction potential of CO2/CH4 and serves as a photoswitch to regulate electron transfer pathway to the metal center, resulting highly selective photocatalytic reduction or photo-coupled electroreduction of CO2 to CH4.
A preliminary study of antibodies and antigen kinetics in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Zhou Mi , Li Qingfeng , Zheng YongLi , Li Guoqing , Cong Xue , Liu Dafeng , Wang Yuanfang , Dong Ke , Luo Ruocheng , Wu Kunpeng , Zhao Xing , Li Dongdong , Zuo Haojiang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe antigen and antibody kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients remains unclear, and the clinical values of the serological test have not been completely elucidated.MethodsA total of 154 serum samples from 13 patients with COVID-19 infection were collected at about three-day intervals during hospitalization. Samples were screened for SARS-CoV-2-specific total antibodies (TAb), IgA, IgM, IgG, and antigen (Ag) using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassays (CMIA).ResultsThe overall seroconversion and/or four-fold increase rates of TAb, IgA, IgM, and IgG during hospitalization were 92.31%, 92.31%, 84.62%, and 92.31%, respectively. However, within a week of onset, antibodies were present in <50% of the patients. The combination of “Ag and/or TAb” maintained the positive rate at 81.82% during the first three days after symptom onset and quickly enhanced to 92.31% during 4–6 days after the symptom onset. The seropositive median day of Ag was two days after symptom onset. Among patients who underwent IgM and IgG seroconversion, the seroconversion median days of IgA, TAb, IgM, and IgG were 9.5 days, 10 days, 11 days, and 11.5 days after the symptom onset, respectively.ConclusionsSerological testing, especially virus-specific antigen testing, may be helpful for early identification of suspected patients and asymptomatic infections.
Gender differences in perception of the appropriate maturity age for men and women: Age norms of reproduction-related life events between the social context and evolutionary foundations
Authors: Todosijević Bojan , Ignjatović Suzana 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper explores gender differences in the perception of appropriate age for reproduction-related life events. Evolutionary theory suggests that age norms are shaped by gender-specific evolutionary challenges. We tested two hypotheses based on the evolutionary rationale. Hypothesis 1 suggests that both men and women believe that women should reach maturity and experience reproduction-related life events earlier than men. Hypothesis 2 claims that men and women demonstrate this tendency asymmetrically. When women estimate the appropriate/ideal age for men, they suggest a higher appropriate age for men than men themselves. When men estimate the appropriate/ideal age for women, they suggest a younger age for women compared to women themselves. In the second part of the paper, we explored the background of these claims by testing the alternative explanations based on ‘social forces’ (culture, socio-economic status, education, age, values). The hypotheses were tested using the 9th wave of the ESS data, totaling around 47 thousand respondents and the sample of Balkan countries was analyzed in more detail. The appropriate age was measured using ‘ideal age’ as the concept which reflects the optimal timing expectations for reproduction-related events: living with a partner, marriage, and parenthood. Respondents were also asked to make judgments about the appropriate age of becoming an adult for men and women. The overall results supported the outlined expectations based on the evolutionary approach. The results did not provide convincing evidence for the alternative, non-evolutionary interpretation of the identified patterns.
Rapid Evidence Assessment Protocol for the the Meta-analysis of Initiatives, Interventions and Programmes that Target Rural NEETs
Authors: Flynn Paul , McCauley Veronica , Mujcinovic Alen , Radovic Vesela , Bojnec Stefan , Simoes Francisco 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background The dependency of rural economies on agricultural practices for survival has been in decline for a number of years, seriously threatening rural communities sustainability. It is now evident that attracting young people into agricultural professions is proving difficult. As a consequence, policy measures that aim to enhance the likelihood of rural employment for young people or rural NEETs have been introduced in countries with the aim of reducing at-at-risk-poverty rates and supporting the long term viability of rural economies. The aim of this rapid review is to summarise the published literature reporting on the effectiveness of initiatives, interventions and programmes that target rural NEETs.Methods The following databases will be searched: Web of Science, SCOPUS, EBSCOhost, ERIC and ProQuest. Internet searching through Google Scholar will also be carried out. The result of the search will be downloaded and saved to Mendeley. Informed by PRISMA guidelines, duplicates will be removed. The titles and abstracts of all remaining studies will be screened by at least two independent reviewers informed by the study inclusion and exclusion criteria. Where a decision to include or exclude cannot be reached by the two independent reviewers an additional reviewer will adjudicate. All results, screening process results will be documented in tabular form and communicated in a PRISMA flow diagram.Discussion This rapid review protocol will provide a time limited state-of-the-art evidence report, specific to the challenges experienced by rural NEETs, that will help those involved in policy development, policy response initiatives and proximal implementation. It is intended that additional opportunities for innovation and/or research may be communicated to relevant stakeholders. Hence, they will be able to create a useful framework for embedding rural youth in the context of so needed structural transformation of rural communities.Systematic Review Registration This protocol has been submitted to the International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews - PROSPERO, published, and assigned the following reference number: CRD42021236794.