bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of the UK national pandemic flu algorithm among paediatric emergency admissions, and comparison with the National Institute of Clinical Excellence fever guideline
Authors: Mann Chantelle 
Published: October 2021

AimTo evaluate the efficacy of the UK Swine Flu Algorithm as a screening tool in a population of unwell children, and to compare the management advice given by the Swine Flu algorithm to that advice from the National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) feverish illness guideline.MethodWe analysed all emergency paediatric medical admissions with a fever, over the age of 1 year, to our unit during 2 calendar weeks in November (n=72). We retrospectively applied both the Swine Flu Algorithm and the NICE fever guidance for the under 5s.Results71 of 72 children would have had a diagnosis of swine flu according to the Flu Algorithm. Two patients had confirmed swine flu on testing, and 32 patients definitely did not have swine flu. Positive predictive value of the algorithm is therefore between 2.8% and 54.9% in this population. Of 57 under 5 s, 22 children would have been advised to have a face to face consultation by the NICE guidance, who would not have been advised an urgent consultation by the Swine Flu guidance. At least 79% of patients had treatments only available in hospitals.ConclusionsThe Swine Flu algorithm is of little use in distinguishing children sick enough to be admitted to hospital. The advice given correlates poorly with that of the NICE feverish illness guideline. With this level of false positive diagnoses, there is a significant risk of harm, and potential delays in commencing appropriate treatment. We were unable to obtain the data and rationale behind the algorithm, and believe that this should be published. Where the construction of a clinically safe algorithm proves impossible, then although inconvenient, face to face emergency consultations may be the only way to reliably ensure the safety of our patients.
Exposure of 4-year to 24-year olds to tobacco imagery on prime-time Chilean television
Authors: Peruga Armando , Urrejola Oscar , Delgado Iris , Matute Isabel , Castillo-Laborde Carla , Molina Xaviera , Hirmas Macarena , Olea Andrea , González Claudia , Aguilera Ximena , Sargent James D 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionThe extent of the population’s exposure to tobacco imagery across all genres of regular TV programming and the contribution of each of these genres is unknown, except for UK broadcast channels. The objective of this study is to estimate the exposure of young people to tobacco imagery on Chilean prime-time television and the programme source contributing to such exposure.MethodsProgrammes aired during 3 weeks in 2019 from the 15 highest audience channels in Chile were content-analysed for the occurrence of tobacco categorised as actual use, implied use, tobacco paraphernalia, tobacco brand appearances and whether they violated Chilean smoke-free law for each 1 min interval (92 639). The exposure of young people to tobacco content was estimated using media viewership figures.ResultsYoung people received 29, 11 and 4 million tobacco impressions of any type, explicit use and smoke-free violation, respectively, at a rate of 21.8, 8.0 and 2.1 thousand impressions per hour of TV viewing. The main sources of exposure to tobacco impressions were feature films and animated productions, which were almost entirely non-Chilean. Finally, young people were exposed to tobacco brand impressions primarily through films, effectively circumventing the advertising ban in Chile.DiscussionTelevision programming is a source of significant youth exposure to tobacco imagery, including branding impressions. To conform to the WHO FCTC, Chile should prohibit tobacco branding in any TV programme and require strong anti-tobacco advertisements prior to any TV programme portraying tobacco.
Molecular diagnosis of T-cell lymphoma: a correlative study of PCR-based T-cell clonality assessment and targeted NGS
Authors: Syrykh Charlotte , Gorez Pauline , Péricart Sarah , Grand David , Escudié Frédéric , Cabarrou Bastien , Obéric Lucie , Ysebaert Loïc , Lamant Laurence , Laurent Camille , Evrard Solène M. , Brousset Pierre 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Immunomorphological diagnosis of T-cell lymphoma (TCL) may be challenging, especially on needle biopsies. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays to assess T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangements are now widely used to detect T-cell clones and provide diagnostic support. However, PCR assays detect only 80% of TCL, and clonal lymphocyte populations may also appear in nonneoplastic conditions. More recently, targeted next-generation sequencing (t-NGS) technologies have been deployed to improve lymphoma classification. To the best of our knowledge, the comparison of these techniques’ performance in TCL diagnosis has not been reported yet. In this study, 82 TCL samples and 25 nonneoplastic T-cell infiltrates were divided into 2 cohorts (test and validation) and analyzed with both multiplex PCR and t-NGS to investigate TCR gene rearrangements and somatic mutations, respectively. The detection of mutations appeared to be more specific (100.0%) than T-cell clonality assessment (41.7%-45.5%), whereas no differences were observed in terms of sensitivity (95.1%-97.4%). Furthermore, t-NGS provided a reliable basis for TCL diagnosis in samples with partially degraded DNA that was impossible to assess with PCR. Finally, although multiplex PCR assays appeared to be less specific than t-NGS, both techniques remain complementary, as PCR recovered some t-NGS negative cases.
Management of children and adolescents with bronchiectasis: summary of the ERS clinical practice guideline
Authors: Chang Anne B. , Grimwood Keith , Boyd Jeanette , Fortescue Rebecca , Powell Zena , Kantar Ahmad 
Published: October 2021

Bronchiectasis, characterised by chronic wet/productive cough with recurrent respiratory exacerbations and abnormal bronchial dilatation on computed tomography scans, remains an increasingly recognised but often neglected chronic pulmonary disorder in children and adolescents. An early diagnosis combined with optimal management offers the prospect, at least in some patients, of curing a condition previously considered irreversible. However, unlike in adults, until now no international paediatric guidelines existed. The recently published European Respiratory Society clinical practice guidelines for the management of children and adolescents with bronchiectasis attempts to address this clinical information gap. The guidelines were formulated by panel members comprised of experts from several relevant health fields, the European Lung Foundation and parents of children with bronchiectasis. Systematic reviews and the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach guided the nature and strength of recommendations. The recommendations are grouped into clinically relevant topics: diagnosis, evaluating for underlying causes, defining exacerbations, management, systematic care, monitoring, reversibility and prevention. The guidelines seek to achieve: 1) optimal lung growth, 2) preserved lung function, 3) enhanced quality of life, 4) minimal exacerbations, 5) few or no complications, and 6) if possible, reversal of lung injury for each child/adolescent with bronchiectasis. This review presents example cases that highlight the recommendations of the clinical practice guidelines.Educational aimsThis article is intended for those involved in caring for children/adolescents with bronchiectasis. It aims to inform:Clinicians of the European Respiratory Society recommendations for the diagnosis and management of children/adolescents with bronchiectasis.Adolescents and parents of children/adolescents with bronchiectasis of these recommendations, so as to assist discussions with healthcare teams and help facilitate access to appropriate care.
Comparative efficacy of delafloxacin for complicated and acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections: results from a network meta-analysis
Authors: Vlachaki Ioanna , Vacchelli Matteo , Zinzi Daniela , Falla Edel , Jiang Yilin , Mantopoulos Theo , Nathwani Dilip 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundDelafloxacin is a novel fluoroquinolone with broad antibacterial activity against pathogens causing acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI). This network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted to evaluate the relative efficacy of delafloxacin versus other comparators used for managing patients with ABSSSI.MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating adults (≥ 18 years) with ABSSSI, complicated SSSI (cSSSI), complicated skin and soft tissue infections (cSSTI) or severe cellulitis with pathogen of gram-positive, gram-negative, or mixed aetiology. OVID MEDLINE®, Embase, Epub Ahead of Print, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched from inception through 12 April 2019. A feasibility assessment was conducted, followed by an NMA, which was run in a Bayesian framework. The interventions included in the NMA encompassed monotherapy or combination therapies of amoxicillin/clavulanate, ampicillin/sulbactam, ceftaroline, ceftobiprole, dalbavancin, daptomycin, delafloxacin, fusidic acid, iclaprim, linezolid, omadacycline, oxacillin + dicloxacillin, standard therapy, tedizolid, telavancin, tigecycline, vancomycin, vancomycin + aztreonam and vancomycin + linezolid.ResultsA feasibility assessment was performed and evidence networks were established for composite clinical response (n = 34 studies), early clinical response (n = 16 studies) and microbiological response (n = 14 studies) in the overall study population, composite clinical response (n = 4 studies) in obese subpopulation and for composite clinical response (n = 18 studies) and microbiological response (n = 14 studies) in patients with methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) infection. Delafloxacin performed significantly better than fusidic acid, iclaprim, vancomycin, and ceftobiprole for composite clinical response. Delafloxacin was comparable to dalbavancin, daptomycin, fusidic acid, iclaprim, linezolid, omadacycline, tedizolid, vancomycin, vancomycin + aztreonam and vancomycin + linezolid in the analysis of early clinical response, whereas for microbiological response, delafloxacin was comparable to all interventions. In the obese subpopulation, the results favoured delafloxacin in comparison to vancomycin, whilst the results were comparable with other interventions among the MRSA subpopulation.ConclusionsDelafloxacin is a promising new antibiotic for ABSSSI demonstrating greater improvement (composite clinical response) compared to ceftobiprole, fusidic acid, iclaprim, telavancin and vancomycin and comparable effectiveness versus standard of care for all outcomes considered in the study.
Parents’ and teachers’ views of the promotion of healthy eating in Australian primary schools
Authors: Aydin Gozde , Margerison Claire , Worsley Anthony , Booth Alison 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Primary schools have long been identified as appropriate settings for improving the healthy eating behaviours of children and helping them develop food skills. This qualitative study explored the views of Australian primary school parents and teachers about schools’ strengths and weaknesses in promoting healthy eating and equipping children with food skills.

Methods
Nineteen parents and 17 teachers from Victoria participated in semi-structured interviews. Audio recordings were transcribed and underwent thematic analysis using Nvivo.

Results
This study demonstrated that parents and teachers believed that several facilitators helped promote children’s healthy eating. These included food and nutrition education (FNE) programs, the community-based nature of schools, and teacher role modelling and the authority schools possess over children. Time scarcity, lack of teacher expertise, lack of leadership and funding were reported as barriers. School food environments such as canteens, lunch orders, fundraising events and school fairs were identified as both weaknesses and strengths by parents and teachers, which indicated inconsistent implementation of school nutrition policies across schools.

Conclusions
Australian primary schools demonstrate some useful efforts to promote healthy eating among children. However, there are numerous facilitators and barriers which impact on the promotion of healthy eating. These factors need to be addressed in order to develop healthy eating habits further among elementary students. These results provide directions for policymakers and school managers, as they point to the areas that need to be improved to assist the design of schools that better promote healthy eating among children.
CT-based and morphological comparison of glenoid inclination and version angles and mineralisation distribution in human body donors
Authors: Serrano Nabil , Kissling Marc , Krafft Hannah , Link Karl , Ullrich Oliver , Buck Florian M. , Mathews Sandra , Serowy Steffen , Gascho Dominic , Grüninger Patrick , Fornaciari Paolo , Bouaicha Samy , Müller-Gerbl Magdalena , Rühli Frank-Jakobus , Eppler Elisabeth 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
For optimal prosthetic anchoring in omarthritis surgery, a differentiated knowledge on the mineralisation distribution of the glenoid is important. However, database on the mineralisation of diseased joints and potential relations with glenoid angles is limited.

Methods
Shoulder specimens from ten female and nine male body donors with an average age of 81.5 years were investigated. Using 3D-CT-multiplanar reconstruction, glenoid inclination and retroversion angles were measured, and osteoarthritis signs graded. Computed Tomography-Osteoabsorptiometry (CT-OAM) is an established method to determine the subchondral bone plate mineralisation, which has been demonstrated to serve as marker for the long-term loading history of joints. Based on mineralisation distribution mappings of healthy shoulder specimens, physiological and different CT-OAM patterns were compared with glenoid angles.

Results
Osteoarthritis grades were 0-I in 52.6% of the 3D-CT-scans, grades II-III in 34.3%, and grade IV in 13.2%, with in females twice as frequently (45%) higher grades (III, IV) than in males (22%, III). The average inclination angle was 8.4°. In glenoids with inclination ≤10°, mineralisation was predominantly centrally distributed and tended to shift more cranially when the inclination raised to > 10°. The average retroversion angle was − 5.2°. A dorsally enhanced mineralisation distribution was found in glenoids with versions from − 15.9° to + 1.7°. A predominantly centrally distributed mineralisation was accompanied by a narrower range of retroversion angles between − 10° to − 0.4°.

Conclusions
This study is one of the first to combine CT-based analyses of glenoid angles and mineralisation distribution in an elderly population. The data set is limited to 19 individuals, however, indicates that superior inclination between 0° and 10°-15°, and dorsal version ranging between − 9° to − 3° may be predominantly associated with anterior and central mineralisation patterns previously classified as physiological for the shoulder joint. The current basic research findings may serve as basic data set for future studies addressing the glenoid geometry for treatment planning in omarthritis.
Polymorphic variants in genes related to stress coping are associated with the awake bruxism
Authors: Maciejewska-Szaniec Zofia , Kaczmarek-Ryś Marta , Hryhorowicz Szymon , Przystańska Agnieszka , Gredes Tomasz , Maciejewska Barbara , Hoppe-Gołębiewska Justyna , Słomski Ryszard , Pławski Andrzej , Czajka-Jakubowska Agata 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Chronic stress is one of the leading predisposing factors in bruxism aetiology, but the influence of genetic factors is also suggested. We aimed to study whether sequence variants in genes involved in stress regulation pathways: NTRK2 and BDNF, may be associated with awake bruxism susceptibility, clinical presentation, and patients’ perceived stress level.

Methods
The study group included 104 patients with probable awake bruxism and 191 population controls. Patients underwent dental examination concerning the symptoms of bruxism and psychological testing. Genotyping was performed using HRMA and sequencing. Statistical analyses were conducted, and P values below 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results
We observed a positive correlation of measured stress level and pathological teeth attrition in the anterior segment (r = 0.45, P < 0.001), enamel attritions (r = 0.44, P < 0.001), tongue impressions (r = 0.50, P < 0.001) and posterior teeth attrition (r = 0.27, P = 0.005). Moreover, the c.196A variant (p.66Met) of the BDNF gene and c.1397-31392G allele of the NTRK2 gene were present with elevated frequency, comparing to controls.

Conclusions
This study hence the thesis that perceived stress level is a substantial contributing factor to awake bruxism occurrence and its clinical manifestations. Moreover, sequence variants in genes related to stress coping may be correlated with awake bruxism’s susceptibility via elevated perceived stress level.
Influence of restorative material and cement on the stress distribution of endocrowns: 3D finite element analysis
Authors: He Jiahui , Zheng Ziting , Wu Min , Zheng Chunqing , Zeng Yuting , Yan Wenjuan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different types of restorative materials and resin cements on the stress distribution in the regions of the restoration, cement layer and dental remnant in endodontically treated posterior endocrowns.

Methods
A 3D finite element analysis (FEA) model of the first mandibular molar that was restored with an endocrown designed by computer-aided design (CAD) software was generated. Three kinds of restorative materials (Vita Enamic (VE), IPS e.max CAD (EMX) and Grandio blocs (GR)) and two types of cementing materials (NX3 and Maxcem Elite Chroma (MX)) were analysed with such a model. The food layer was also designed before vertical (600 N) forces were applied to simulate physiological masticatory conditions. Thermal expansion was used to simulate the polymerization shrinkage effects of cement layers. The results were obtained by colorimetric graphs of the maximum principal stress in the restoration and tooth remnant. The failure risk of the cement layer was also calculated based on the normal stress.

Results
The elastic modulus was positively correlated with the tensile stress peak values in the restoration, mainly at the intaglio surface. However, in the cervical enamel and cement layer, restorative material with a higher elastic modulus generated lower peak stress values. The cement with a higher elastic modulus resulted in higher stress peak values inside the cement layer. The combination of EMX (restorative material) and NX3 (cement material) in the cement layer resulted in the lowest failure risk.

Significance
The ceramic material EMX with a higher elastic modulus appeared to be more effective at protecting the cement layer and residual enamel tissue. Based on the analysis of the failure risk of the cement layer, the combination of EMX and NX3 was recommended as an optional material for endocrowns for endodontically treated posterior teeth.
Factors contributing to the recruitment and retention of rural pharmacist workforce: a systematic review
Authors: Terry Daniel , Phan Hoang , Peck Blake , Hills Danny , Kirschbaum Mark , Bishop Jaclyn , Obamiro Kehinde , Hoang Ha , Nguyen Hoang , Baker Ed , Schmitz David 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Recruiting and retaining medical, nursing, and allied health professionals in rural and remote areas is a worldwide challenge, compromising continuity of care and population health outcomes in these locations. Specifically, pharmacists play an essential and accessible frontline healthcare role, and are often the first point of contact for health concerns. Despite several incentives, there remains a maldistribution and undersupply of pharmacists in rural and remote areas across many parts of the world. Although current systematic reviews have focussed on factors affecting pharmacists’ retention generally, literature specifically focused on rural pharmacist workforce in a global context remains limited. The aim of this systematic review is to identify factors associated with recruitment and retention of the pharmacist workforce in rural and remote settings. Better understanding of these contributors will inform more effective interventional strategies to resolve pharmacist workforce shortages.

Methods
A systematic search of primary studies was conducted in online databases, including Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science and PsycINFO, and by hand-searching of reference lists. Eligible studies were identified based on predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria and methodological quality criteria, utilising the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) and Good Reporting of A Mixed Methods Study (GRAMMS) checklists.

Results
The final review included 13 studies, with quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods research design. Study-specific factors associated with recruitment and retention of pharmacists in rural practice were identified and grouped into five main themes: geographic and family-related, economic and resources, scope of practice or skills development, the practice environment, and community and practice support factors.

Conclusions
The results provide critical insights into the complexities of rural recruitment and retention of pharmacists and confirms the need for flexible yet multifaceted responses to overcoming rural pharmacist workforce challenges. Overall, the results provide an opportunity for rural communities and health services to better identify key strengths and challenges unique to the rural and remote pharmacist workforce that may be augmented to guide more focussed recruitment and retention endeavours.