bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the morality of vaccination tourism
Authors: Espindola Juan , Vaca Moises 
Published: September 2021

AbstractVaccination tourism (whereby citizens of one nation travel to a different, usually more developed nation to receive a vaccine unavailable or with little availability at home) during the COVID pandemic raises a host of moral issues and is usually met with criticism. From the perspective of the society of origin, the criticism is that those who use their socio‐economic privileges to go abroad and receive the vaccine ahead of other citizens instead of ‘making the line’ act objectionably because in doing so they use their purchasing power to obtain a benefit that should not be distributed like any other product in the market. From the perspective of the society of destination, the criticism is that citizens and residents should receive the vaccines first; after all, their government purchased vaccines (with their taxes) to immunize the local population. The paper calls into question both objections to vaccination tourism. There might be other reasons to oppose it, but this pair of objections cannot ground a moral criticism of the practice.
Does an interactive table of contents promote learning from videos? A study of consultation strategies and learning outcomes
Authors: Cojean Salomé , Jamet Eric 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLearning from videos is becoming an important part of educational activities, but video content may be difficult to process, mainly because its organization is not very salient in this medium. The learner's organization process should be enhanced by (1) displaying the structure (ie, table of contents) in the video‐based environment, and (2) proposing interactivity tools (interactive table of contents and cued timeline) to use this structure in a more efficient way. A total of 57 participants (higher education students) were divided into three groups (no table of contents, table of contents, and interactive table of contents) to assess the effects of displaying a structure on learning outcomes and behaviours. Results showed that tables of contents boosted topic recall, and interactivity allowed learners to perform more relevant reviewing behaviours. However, reviewing behaviours appear to be broadly timeline‐driven, and learners did not actively use the interactive table of contents. No significant effect was found on other learning outcomes (ie, content memorization and comprehension). One suggestion is that a table of contents, especially when it is interactive, can be an organizational aid during the construction of a mental model, but learners may underestimate its usefulness.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Educational videos are increasingly being used for learning
According to the cognitive theory of multimedia learning, organizing incoming information is essential for learning
In written documents, a table of contents may serve as an organizational aid
In information‐seeking tasks, an interactive table of contents improves localization.
What this paper adds

Adding a table of contents to a video may promote topic recall, but not content learning.
An interactive table of contents may enhance consultation strategies (eg, reviewing information).
Learners tend to use timelines, rather than tables of contents, to navigate videos.
Implications for practice

When designing an educational video, adding an interactive table of contents may enhance the quality of learning.
Different strategies seem to be employed by learners, with some of them displaying no reviewing behaviours at all.
Learners may underestimate the usefulness of the table of contents, so it may be necessary to encourage then to use it.
A multicentre double‐blind, double‐dummy, randomised study of recombinant human thrombopoietin versus eltrombopag in the treatment of immune thrombocytopenia in Chinese adult patients
Authors: Mei Heng , Xu Min , Yuan Guolin , Zhu Feiyue , Guo Jingming , Huang Ruibin , Qin Jun , Lv Tingting , Qin Fangmei , Cai Huili , Yin Ping , Qin Tingting , Hu Yu 
Published: September 2021

SummaryWe performed a double‐blind, double‐dummy controlled study to compare the efficacy between recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO) and eltrombopag in rapidly increasing the platelet counts in Chinese patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). A total of 96 patients diagnosed with ITP for ≥6 months who had baseline platelet counts of <30 × 109/l were randomly assigned (1:1 ratio) to receive eltrombopag 25 mg/day or rhTPO 300 u/kg for 2 weeks. Compared with the eltrombopag group, a significantly higher proportion of patients in the rhTPO group achieved platelet counts of ≥50 × 109/l [75·00% (36/48) vs. 43·75% (21/48), P = 0·003] or complete response (64·58% vs. 25·00%) on day 15. Moreover, a higher proportion of patients in the rhTPO group either had platelet counts that rapidly increased to twice that of baseline and with platelet counts of ≥30 × 109/l, or reached ≥50 × 109/l at least once when analysed on day 9, 12, and 15. However, upon discontinuation of the treatment, the platelet counts reduced to the baseline within 1 week in the rhTPO group, but on the fourth week in the eltrombopag group. Adverse events were similar in patients given rhTPO and eltrombopag. To conclude, rhTPO is superior to eltrombopag at 25 mg/day in rapidly increasing platelet counts in patients with ITP (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03771378).
What is the role of chest X‐ray imaging in the acute management of children with sickle cell disease?
Authors: Griffin Ryan , Panayiotou Andreas , Allen Pamela , Height Sue , Chakravorty Subarna , Rees David C. 
Published: September 2021

SummaryChildren with sickle cell disease (SCD) frequently present to hospital acutely unwell and are often exposed to diagnostic chest X‐rays (CXRs). Little evidence exists to determine when CXRs are clinically useful. Using electronic hospital records, we audited CXR use in children aged 0–18 who presented to hospital over the past 10 years in both an inpatient and emergency department setting. From a total of 915 first CXRs, only 28·2% of CXRs (n = 258) had clinically significant findings that altered management or final diagnosis. Of these abnormalities, consolidation represented 52·3%, effusion 8·9%, cardiomegaly 8·4% and sickle cell‐related bone changes 6·3%. Indications for CXR of respiratory distress (OR = 3·74, 95% CI 2·28–6·13), hypoxia (OR = 1·86, 95% CI 1·50–2·31) and cough (OR = 1·64, 95% CI 1·33–2·02), were more likely to have significant CXR findings. Patients who had higher peak fever (38·4°C vs. 37·4°C, P = 0·001), higher peak CRP (156·4 vs. 46·1, P < 0·001) and higher WCC (20·2 vs. 13·6, P < 0·001) were more likely to have clinically significant abnormalities on CXR. We found a decision tool using either hypoxia, cough, respiratory distress, T > 38°C, CRP > 50 or WCC > 15 × 109/l as indications for CXR, to have a sensitivity of 88% (with 95% CI 0·78–0·95) and specificity of 46% (95% CI 0·43–0·50) for clinically significant findings.
Corporate focus, residential assets, and the performance of French REITs
Authors: Beaubrun‐Diant Kevin , Maury Tristan‐Pierre 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper raises the question of the specific impact of the share of residential assets on the performance of real estate investment trusts (REITs). In the literature, many articles questioning the importance of the nature of assets held in general (and residential assets in particular) do not take the level of diversification of REITs into account. We incorporate this factor into our analysis and integrate our measure of the effects of residential assets in a framework controlling for the impact of the diversification of the type of real estate assets held. Based on French data, we question whether REITs holding residential assets perform better than REITs holding little or no residential assets for a given level of diversification. We do not detect any significant diversification effect on the performances of French REITs. We also test the impact of asset diversification on REITs market volatility. We provide some evidence that firms with strongly concentrated balance sheets are more volatile than diversified firms, but this effect is weaker for REITs holding mostly residential rather than other types of assets.
Does the nudge effect persist? Evidence from a field experiment using social comparison message in China
Authors: Qin Botao , Chen Haoyan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe designed and carried out a field experiment in which we imposed social comparison incentives and technical recommendations on student dormitories through electricity consumption reports and energy‐saving suggestions materials, respectively. Our findings are as follows: (1) Regression results on all users show that the effect of social norms is not statistically significant. (2) A social comparison message has a heterogeneous effect on consumers' energy use. Low‐ and high‐energy users reduced their electricity consumption by 26% and 14%, respectively, in the first week after the treatment. (3) The effect of social norms is time sensitive.
Social preferences, monopsony and government intervention
Authors: Goerke Laszlo , Neugart Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMonopsony power by firms and social preferences by consumers are well established. We analyze how wages and employment change in a monopsony if workers compare their income with that of a reference group. We show that the undistorted, competitive outcome may no longer constitute the benchmark for welfare comparisons and derive a condition that guarantees that the monopsony distortion is exactly balanced by the impact of social comparisons. We also demonstrate how wage restrictions and subsidies or taxes can be used to ensure this condition, both for a welfarist and a paternalistic welfare objective.
The distribution of COVID‐19–related risks
Authors: Baylis Patrick , Beauregard Pierre‐Loup , Connolly Marie , Fortin Nicole M. , Green David A. , Gutiérrez‐Cubillos Pablo , Gyetvay Samuel , Haeck Catherine , Molnár Tímea Laura , Simard‐Duplain Gaëlle , Siu Henry E. , teNyenhuis Maria , Warman Casey 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe document two COVID‐19–related risks, viral risk and employment risk, and their distributions across the Canadian population. The measurement of viral risk is based on the VSE COVID‐19 Risk/Reward Assessment Tool, created to assist policy‐makers in determining the impacts of pandemic‐related economic shutdowns and re‐openings. Women are more concentrated in high‐viral‐transmission‐risk occupations, which is the source of their greater employment loss over the first part of the pandemic. They were also less likely to maintain contact with their former employers, reducing employment recovery rates. Low‐educated workers face the same viral risk rates as high‐educated workers but much higher employment losses. This is largely due to their lower likelihood of switching to working from home. For both women and the low‐educated, existing inequities in their occupational distributions and living situations have resulted in them bearing a disproportionate amount of the risk emerging from the pandemic. Assortative matching in couples has tended to exacerbate risk inequities.
De novo tacrolimus extended‐release tablets (LCPT) versus twice‐daily tacrolimus in adult heart transplantation: Results of a single‐center non‐inferiority matched control trial
Authors: van Zyl Johanna S. , Sam Teena , Clark Donna M. , Felius Joost , Doss Amanda K. , Kerlee Kacie R. , Cheung Zi‐On , Martits‐Chalangari Katalin , Jamil Aayla K. , Carey Sandra A. , Gottlieb Robert L. , Guerrero‐Miranda Cesar Y. , Kale Parag , Hall Shelley A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractExtended‐release tacrolimus for prophylaxis of allograft rejection in orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) recipients is currently not FDA‐approved. One such extended‐release formulation of tacrolimus known as LCPT allows once‐daily dosing and improves bioavailability compared to immediate‐release tacrolimus (IR‐tacrolimus). We compared the efficacy and safety of LCPT to IR‐tacrolimus applied de novo in adult OHT recipients. Twenty‐five prospective recipients on LCPT at our center from 2017 to 2019 were matched 1:2 with historical control recipients treated with IR‐tacrolimus based on age, gender, and baseline creatinine. The primary composite outcome of death, acute cellular rejection, and/or new graft dysfunction within 1 year was compared using non‐inferiority analysis. LCPT demonstrated non‐inferiority to IR‐tacrolimus, with a primary outcome risk reduction of 20% (90% CI: ‐40%, ‐.5%; non‐inferiority P = .001). Tacrolimus trough levels peaked at 2–3 months and were higher in LCPT (median 14.5 vs. 12.7 ng/ml; P = .03) with similar dose levels (LCPT vs. IR‐tacrolimus: .08 vs. .09 mg/kg/day; P = .33). Cardiovascular‐related readmissions were reduced by 62% (P = .046) in LCPT patients. The complication rate per transplant admission and all‐cause readmission rate did not differ significantly. These results suggest that LCPT is non‐inferior in efficacy to IR‐tacrolimus with a similar safety profile and improved bioavailability in OHT.
Intrauterine drug exposure as a risk factor for cerebral palsy
Authors: Benninger Kristen L , Purnell Jessica , Conroy Sara , Jackson Kenneth , Batterson Nancy , Neel Mary Lauren , Hester Mark E , Maitre Nathalie L ,   NCH Early Developmental Group
Published: September 2021

AimTo determine whether infants with intrauterine drug exposure (IUDE) are similarly at risk for cerebral palsy (CP) as other high‐risk populations, whether CP classification differs based on IUDE status, and describe the association of CP with specific substances among exposed infants.MethodThis was a retrospective analysis of infants in a high‐risk follow‐up program (n=5578) between January 2014 and February 2018 with a history of IUDE or who received a CP diagnosis. CP rates were compared using two‐sample z‐tests. CP classification was assessed using Fisher’s exact, Cochran–Armitage, and Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests. Models for CP risk were assessed using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsAmong all infants with IUDE (n=1086), 53.8% were male with a mean (SD) birth gestational age of 36.8 (3.6) weeks. Among unexposed infants with CP (n=259), 54.4% were male with a mean (SD) birth gestational age of 29.9 (5.7) weeks. Opioids were the most common exposure (93.7%) of all infants with IUDE. The CP rate in the IUDE (5.2%) and unexposed (5.7%) high‐risk populations were not significantly different (p=0.168), nor were there differences in CP typology, topography, or severity between exposed (n=57) and unexposed (n=259) infants (all p>0.05). In patients with IUDE and after controlling for established CP risk factors, the observed odds of CP varied among substances.InterpretationWe suggest that IUDE should be considered a ‘newborn‐detectable risk’ in the guidelines for the early detection of CP.
A randomized clinical trial on therapeutic effects of 0.25 mg oral minoxidil tablets on treatment of female pattern hair loss
Authors: Vahabi‐Amlashi Sadegh , Layegh Pouran , Kiafar Bita , Hoseininezhad Masoumeh , Abbaspour Mohammadreza , Khaniki Saeedeh Hajebi , Forouzanfar Mehdi , Sabeti Vahideh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTopical minoxidil solution is recommended treatment for female pattern hair loss. However, some complications, such as skin allergies, have prevented some patients from completely receiving this treatment. This study intends to evaluate the therapeutic and side effects of oral minoxidil 0.25 mg tablets treatment on FPHL and compare it with conventional treatment of 2% topical minoxidil. This study is a triple‐blind randomized clinical trial in which 72 women with FPHL were treated as two separate groups. Group 1 was treated with oral minoxidil 0.25 mg tablets and topical placebo solution, while topical minoxidil solutions and oral placebo tablets were used to treat group 2 patients. In the oral minoxidil group, the average hair diameter and hair density after the 9‐month treatment reached from 0.044 mm and 102 per cm2 to 0.048 mm and 115 per cm2, respectively. In the topical minoxidil group, the average hair diameter and hair density from initial values of 0.044 mm and 107 per cm2 increased to 0.047 mm and 113 per cm2. In both groups, the changes of hair diameter and hair density were significant compared to initial values (p < 0.001), while the trend of changes was not statically different between the two groups (p = 0.077, p = 0.674 for hair diameter and hair density, respectively) and side effects were trivial. In conclusion, oral minoxidil is an effective and new treatment for FPHL, even with a minimal dose, which can be used as an alternative treatment, especially for patients with poor compliance against topical minoxidil.
How to prevent skin damage from air pollution part 2: Current treatment options
Authors: Damevska Katerina , Simeonovski Viktor , Darlenski Razvigor , Damevska Stefana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the first part of this review, we have summarized the methods used to examine skin exposure to air pollution and the fundamental concept of skin‐exposome interactions. Part 2 of this review focuses on dermatoses, whose aggravation or initiation by air pollution has been confirmed in evidence based medicine manner. Based on the model of photodermatology and photodermatoses, we propose a new concept of “polludermatoses.” A key feature of this concept is identifying patients at risk, which will reveal the noxious effects of air pollutants on skin health. Identifying clinical signs of pollution‐damaged skin could be beneficial in categorizing conditions caused or exacerbated by exposure to air pollution. Finally, we discuss the current treatment options and the pathogenetic processes targeted by these therapeutics or the development of novel treatment modalities.
COVID‐19 vaccination in children and university students
Authors: Ioannidis John P. A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStrategies for the use of COVID‐19 vaccines in children and young adults (in particular university students) are hotly debated and important to optimize. As of late August 2021, recommendations on the use of these vaccines in children vary across different countries. Recommendations are more uniform for vaccines in young adults, but vaccination uptake in this age group shows a large range across countries. Mandates for vaccination of university students are a particularly debated topic with many campuses endorsing mandates in the USA in contrast to European countries, at least as of August 2021. The commentary discusses the potential indirect impact of vaccination of youth on the COVID‐19 burden of disease for other age groups and societal functioning at large, estimates of direct impact on reducing fatalities and nonlethal COVID‐19‐related events in youth, estimates of potential lethal and nonlethal adverse events from vaccines and differential considerations that may exist in the USA, European countries and nonhigh‐income countries. Decision‐making for deploying COVID‐19 vaccines in young people is subject to residual uncertainty on the future course of the pandemic and potential evolution towards endemicity. Rational recommendations would also benefit from better understanding of the clinical and sociodemographic features of COVID‐19 risk in young populations and from dissecting the role of re‐infections and durability of natural vs. vaccine‐induced immunity.
Clinical investigation of dynamic and enduring aspects of global cognition in aged population
Authors: Truong Quoc C. , Choo Carol , Numbers Katya , Merkin Alexander G. , Brodaty Henry , Kochan Nicole A. , Sachdev Perminder S. , Feigin Valery. L. , Medvedev Oleg N. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundA major issue in evaluating the cognitive status of ageing populations is a clear distinction between enduring and dynamic aspects of global cognition necessary for evaluating risks of dementia and effectiveness of preventive interventions.Materials and methodsGeneralizability Theory was applied to investigate dynamic and enduring aspects of global cognition using longitudinal data over 10 years of follow‐up. Measures included the Mini‐Mental Status Examination (MMSE) and the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status‐modified (TICS‐M). The sample (N = 238) included 154 females, mean age = 76.54 years, SD = 3.94 from the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study.ResultsThe MMSE measured dynamic and enduring aspects of cognition to a comparable degree with 56% of variance explained by enduring aspects and 44% by dynamic aspects and showed low sensitivity/high specificity in detecting dementia. A shortened version of the MMSE (MMSE‐D8) better captured dynamic aspects of cognition after removing three items less sensitive to change. The TICS‐M predominantly measured enduring aspects of cognition (72%) with the remaining 28% due to dynamic aspects and displayed high sensitivity/high specificity for dementia screening.ConclusionsThe MMSE measures both dynamic and enduring cognitive aspects and is suitable for general clinical assessments, while the MMSE‐D8 can be used to monitor transitory changes of global cognition over time. The TICS‐M is more useful for measuring enduring features of cognition and screening for dementia. Our findings highlight the value of generalizability theory to distinguish dynamic and enduring features of cognition, which may contribute to preventive interventions and monitoring cognitive ability over time.
Elevated emotion reactivity and emotion regulation in individuals at clinical high risk for developing psychosis and those diagnosed with a psychotic disorder
Authors: Vines Leah , Bridgwater Miranda , Bachman Peter , Hayes Rebecca , Catalano Sabrina , Jalbrzikowski Maria 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsDisrupted affective processes are core features of psychosis; yet emotion reactivity and emotion regulation impairments have not been fully characterized in individuals at clinical high‐risk for developing psychosis (CHR) or adolescents diagnosed with a psychotic disorder (AOP). Characterizing these impairments may provide a fuller understanding of factors contributing to psychosis risk and psychosis onset. Using cross‐sectional and longitudinal data, we evaluated (1) group‐level effects of emotion reactivity and regulation, (2) stability of group‐level effects over time and age, (3) relationships between emotion reactivity and regulation, and (4) associations between these measures and psychosocial functioning and clinical symptomatology.MethodsEighty‐seven participants (CHR = 32, TD = 42, AOP = 13; 12–25 years, 1–5 visits) completed the Emotion Reactivity Scale, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. We assessed psychotic symptoms with the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes and measured real‐world functioning with the Global Functioning: Social and Role Scales. We used analysis of variance to assess Aim 1 and linear mixed models to address Aims 2–4.ResultsCHR and AOP endorsed experiencing heightened levels of emotion reactivity and greater difficulty utilizing emotion regulation strategies compared to TD. These impairments were stable across time and adolescent development. Greater levels of emotion reactivity were associated with greater emotion regulation impairments. Greater impairments in emotion regulation were associated with lower social functioning and greater negative symptom severity.ConclusionTherapeutic interventions designed to reduce emotion reactivity and improve one's ability to utilize emotion regulation strategies may be effective in reducing clinical symptomatology and improving real‐world functioning in CHR and AOP.