bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examination of the Missense Mutation (rs74653330, Ala481Thr) of the Oculocutaneous Albinism 2 Gene to the Facial Skin Characteristics
Authors: Lee Dasom , Choi Ja-Eun , Park Da-Hyun , Hong Kyung-Won 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveA melanin pathway gene, oculocutaneous albinism 2 (OCA2) operates the first step of the melanin synthesis pathway and is known to associate with the albinism and pigmentation. Our previous study identified a significant association (p-value<5x10-8) between a OCA2 missense mutation (rs74653330, Ala481thr) and skin pigmentation. Since melanin pigment protects the skin from damage by ultraviolet light and we hypothesize that the rs74653330 SNP effect on the skin phenotypes not only the melanin, but also the other skin characteristics such as wrinkle formation, moisture level and sebum levels. We examined the association of the rs74653330 SNP to 19 skin characteristics consisting of wrinkle, moisture, melanin, erythema, brightness, and sebum using eight cosmetological instruments. ResultsThe rs74653330 SNP showed significant association with melanin phenotypes, specifically in young and middle groups. The melanin levels of pigmented area showed more melanin in middle age group but less in old group. Also, the rs74653330 SNP affect to wrinkle formation and sebum secretion. Conclusively, the analyses in this study clearly indicate that rs74653330 SNP affects to the melanin related skin phenotypes, and to the wrinkle formation or sebum secretion.
LncRNA EPB41L4A-AS1 Regulates Cell Proliferation, Apoptosis and Metastasis in Breast Cancer
Authors: FAN YANG , shixu Lv 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is a leading global public health problem. In our previous study, we identified that lncRNA EPB41L4A antisense RNA 1 (EPB41L4A-AS1) was significantly downregulated in breast cancer. However, the functional role of EPB41L4A-AS1 in breast cancer has not been clarified. Here, we further confirmed the expression and biological function of EPB41L4A-AS1 in breast cancer. Methods: To demonstrate the role of EPB41L4A-AS1 in breast cancer, we transfected breast cancer lines with pcDNA3.1-EPB41L4A-AS1 expression vector to induce ectopic overexpression of EPB41L4A-AS1. Then, to explore the role of EPB41L4A-AS1 overexpression in breast cancer cell growth, cell cycle, apoptosis, invasion and migration capacity, we performed CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry analysis, wound recovery and transwell assay, respectively. We also constructed a co-expression network to explore the potential effect mechanism of EPB41L4A-AS1. Results: Our research showed EPB41L4A-AS1 expression was significantly lower in tumor tissues than in adjacent non-cancerous tissues. overexpression of EPB41L4A-AS1 significantly reduced the proliferation of breast cancer cells. Flow cytometric analysis showed that forced expression of EPB41L4A-AS1 significantly increased the apoptosis rate of breast cancer cells. In addition, we found that upregulated EPB41L4A-AS1 significantly inhibited the migration and invasive ability of breast cancer. Functional analysis of co-expressed mRNAs suggested that EPB41L4A-AS1 may be involved in ribosomal, cell cycle, spliceosomal and p53 signaling pathways. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that EPB41L4A-AS1 is a tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer.
Healthcare workers' Attitude and Knowledge Towards the Safety of Nucleotide-Based Vaccines.
Authors: Madadha Mohammad Emad Al , E.Ahmed Khalid , Rayyan Rama , Ahram Mamoun , Al-Sanouri Nancy , Demour Saddam Al , Ahmad Muayyad 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background and objectives: With the implementation of nucleotide-based vaccines (NBVs) in the COVID-19 vaccination campaigns, a wide controversy surrounding NBVs has become a heated subject of debate, and it did not spare healthcare workers and staff. The latter group has a powerful influence on the acceptance of NBVs by the general public. Hence, the aim of this study to assess the knowledge and attitude of healthcare workers regarding this new vaccine technology.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using an online survey involving health workers in Jordan. The survey assessed the participants' socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, and attitude about the safety and efficacy if NBVs. The study population was divided into two groups, educated and uneducated groups, whereby the former received a small educational pamphlet on NBVs. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare between the response of the two groups.Results: A total of 330 health workers participated in this study. Respondents believed that RNA-based NBVs would be a safer option compared to DNA-based ones, with the educated group showing significant difference. The notion of NBVs being a form of gene therapy was more common among the educated group. The majority of the participants, particularly amongst the uneducated group, were concerned about undiscovered effects of NBVs. Respondents also agreed that NBVs must be reevaluated in phase 1 trials. As for efficacy, our study population agreed that these vaccines would prevent severe illness. Conclusions: Although healthcare workers have positive knowledge and attitude towards NBVs, misconceptions and skepticism exist and must be addressed with more education efforts.
Medical training alongside Covid-19: A qualitative analysis of the junior doctor experience
Authors: Grafton-Clarke Ciaran , Uraiby Hussein , Abraham Shalin , Kirtley Joanne , McCarthy Mark 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Covid-19 has had a seismic impact on medical training, in ways that are continually being realised. In response to the call to establish a ‘new normal’, we performed a detailed evaluation and thematic analysis of recent trainee experiences, which identifies the priorities for developing an innovative training framework that is adaptable during the peaks and troughs of a pandemic.
Methods

A 14-item survey was sent to junior doctors at a large teaching hospital. Data was analysed using a grounded theory framework and cycles of open and axial coding allowed for identification of emergent themes. Explanatory models were developed using inductive analysis to postulate thematic relationships.
Results

137 junior doctors responded to the survey. Respondents across all grades reported benefits to themselves, clinical teams and the profession. A notable benefit to junior trainees was the greater consultant support, fostering a more supportive work environment. Respondents also identified several challenges to working practice, including the availability of suitable PPE, burnout and the general pressures on physical and mental wellbeing.
Discussion

Trainees’ perceived value was inferred typically from how ‘busy’ they were, possibly as postgraduate training is largely competence based. Educational bodies should attempt to highlight the equal value of non-technical skills, such as mentorship and problem-solving for a rounded curriculum. Trainees highlighted the inequity of opportunities due to sometimes inappropriate redeployment, suggesting that educational bodies should strive to develop personalised training programmes. Covid-19 has shown that a sense of personal physical and psychological safety to be of paramount importance to trainees.
Estrogen Receptor β Activation Inhibits Colitis by Promoting NLRP6-Mediated Autophagy
Authors: Fan Wentao , Ding Chenchen , Liu Shuihui , Gao Xiaona , Shen Xiaofei , De Boevre Marthe , Gao Zhangshan , Li Mengcong , Zhang Shuo , Miao Yufan , Guan Wenxian , Liu Guangliang , Yan Liping , DeSaeger Sarah , Song Suquan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) and NLRP6 are highly expressed in intestinal tissues. Loss of ERβ and NLRP6 exacerbate colitis in mouse models. However, the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here, we report that ERβ attenuates inflammation by inducing NLRP6-mediated autophagy. Specifically, ERβ directly activates the NLRP6 gene expression via binding to estrogen responsive element (ERE) of Nlrp6 gene promoter. ERβ also physically interacts with the NLRP6 nucleotide-binding domain and promotes NLRP6 inflammasome assembly. The ERβ-NLRP6 axis then interacts with multiple autophagy-related proteins including ULK1, BECN1, ATG16L1, LC3B, p62 to affect the autophagosome biogenesis and control autophagic flux. Finally, NLRP6-mediated autophagy suppresses the inflammatory response by promoting the K48-linked polyubiquitination of ASC, Casp-1 p20, IL-1β, TNF-α, and prohibitin-2. Thus, ERβ-NLRP6 direct an anti-inflammatory response by promoting autophagy. Our work uncovers an ERβ-NLRP6-autophagy pathway as an unrecognized regulatory mechanism that maintains intestinal epithelial cell homeostasis and facilitates tissue repair in colitis.
Role of Leishmanin Skin Test (LST) as Epidemiological Indicators for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Al-tragma Village, River Nile State, Sudan
Authors: Osman Abdelgani Mohamed , Abakar Adam Dawoud , Abdalla Nazar Mohamed , Hussain Kamal , Hassan Rasha Slaha El-deen , Mohamedahmed Khalid Abdelsamea , Mahmoud Saseed Bakiker 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a common health problem in the world and the zoonotic form reported to occur in Sudan. Leishmaniasis has been considered the second parasitic health problem after malaria. Therefore we determine the role of Leishmanin Skin Test (LST) as epidemiological indicators for CL infection in Al-tragma village; one of the endemic areas for the disease in Sudan.
Methods

The study is a cross-sectional study, 410 individuals inhabiting Al-tragma village were enrolled in the study. Two methods used in this study; structure questionnaire and LST. A structured questionnaire was designed to collect and tested socio-demographic characteristics. The LST was performed by intradermal injection of 0.1 ml LST antigen on the volar surface of the left forearm. The result of LST was read after 48–72 hours using the ballpoint pen technique. SPSS (v 20.0) was used for data analysis.
Results

LST results showed that 70.7% of respondents were positive and 29.3% were negative. The most infected age groups were 31–40 years (80%) and more than 40 years (82%). The result showed there was a significant difference between LTS and age groups, occupation, domestic and pets animals found in and around the houses, and those having the disease before (P-value < 0.05).
Conclusion

The overall positive rate for LST was (70.7%). The exposure duration had no effect on LST results. It seems that those patients acquired long-lasting immunity. LST is still a promising tool to evaluate the epidemiological status in endemic areas.
Infrared Nanoscopy and Tomography of Intracellular Structures
Authors: Kanevche Katerina , Burr David , Elsaesser Andreas , Hass Pascal-Kolja , Nuernberg Dennis , Heberle Joachim 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The few microscopic techniques that simultaneously gather morphological and chemical data often rely on the use of specific markers. To eliminate this flaw, we have developed a method of examining cellular cross sections using the imaging power of scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy at a spatial resolution far beyond the diffraction limit. Herewith, nanoscale surface and volumetric chemical imaging is performed using the intrinsic contrast generated by the characteristic absorption of mid-infrared radiation by the covalent bonds. We employ infrared nanoscopy to study the subcellular structures of eukaryotic (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) and prokaryotic (Escherichia coli) species, revealing chemically distinct regions within each cell such as the microtubular structure of the flagellum. Serial 100 nm-thick cellular cross-sections were compiled into a tomogram yielding a three-dimensional infrared image of subcellular structure distribution at 20 nm resolution. The presented methodology is able to image biological samples competing current fluorescence nanoscopy but at less interference due to the low energy of infrared radiation and the absence of labeling.
Reach Outcomes and Costs of Different Physician Referral Strategies for a Weight Management Program Among Rural Primary Care Patients: Type 3 Hybrid Effectiveness-Implementation Trial
Authors: Porter Gwenndolyn , Michaud Tzeyu L , Schwab Robert J , Hill Jennie L , Estabrooks Paul A 
Published: July 2021

Background
Rural residents are at high risk for obesity; however, little resources exist to address this disproportional burden of disease. Primary care may provide an opportunity to connect primary care patients with overweight and obesity to effective weight management programming.

Objective
The purpose of this study is to examine the utility of different physician referral and engagement processes for improving the reach of an evidence-based and technology-delivered weight management program with counseling support for rural primary care patients.

Methods
A total of 5 rural primary care physicians were randomly assigned a sequence of four referral strategies: point-of-care (POC) referral with active telephone follow-up (ATF); POC referral, no ATF; a population health registry–derived letter referral with ATF; and letter referral, no ATF. For registry-derived referrals, physicians screened a list of patients with BMI ≥25 and approved patients for participation to receive a personalized referral letter via mail.

Results
Out of a potential 991 referrals, 573 (57.8%) referrals were made over 16 weeks, and 98 (9.9%) patients were enrolled in the program (58/98, 59.2% female). Differences based on letter (485/991, 48.9%) versus POC (506/991, 51.1%) referrals were identified for completion (100% vs 7%; P<.001) and for proportion screened (36% vs 12%; P<.001) but not for proportion enrolled (12% vs 8%; P=.10). Patients receiving ATF were more likely to be screened (47% vs 7%; P<.001) and enrolled (15% vs 7%; P<.001) than those not receiving ATF. On the basis of the number of referrals made in each condition, we found variations in the proportion and number of enrollees (POC with ATF: 27/190, 50%; POC no ATF: 14/316, 41%; letter ATF: 30/199; 15.1%; letter no ATF: 27/286, 9.4%). Across all conditions, participants were representative of the racial and ethnic characteristics of the region (60% female, P=.15; 94% White individuals, P=.60; 94% non-Hispanic, P=.19). Recruitment costs totaled US $6192, and the overall recruitment cost per enrolled participant was US $63. Cost per enrolled participant ranged from POC with ATF (US $47), registry-derived letter without ATF (US $52), and POC without ATF (US $56) to registry-derived letter with ATF (US $91).

Conclusions
Letter referral with ATF appears to be the best option for enrolling a large number of patients in a digitally delivered weight management program; however, POC with ATF and letters without ATF yielded similar numbers at a lower cost. The best referral option is likely dependent on the best fit with clinical resources.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03690557; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03690557
Pengembangan Kinerja Mikroskop Binokular Menjadi Miskroskop Berkamera untuk Alat Praktikum dan Penelitian
Authors: Merlina Dita 
Published: July 2021

Penelitian bertujuan memanfaatkan mikroskop binokular menjadi mikroskop berkamera sehingga mempermudah dalam proses pengamatan dalam kegiatan praktikum dan penelitian. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari bulan Oktober sampai dengan Desember 2020 di Laboratorium Lingkungan dan Budidaya Perairan Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Mulawarman Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur. Pendekatan penelitian yang dilakukan dalam yaitu perbandingan komparatif antara mikroskop binokular tanpa modifikasi dengan mikroskop binokular yang telah dimodifikasi dengan menambahkan kamera digital dengan analisis menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Mikroskop binokular dimodifikasi menjadi mikroskop digital yang dilengkapi fasilitas pemotretan sampel dengan menggunakan kamera digital. Sampel yang digunakan dalam pengamatan yaitu Plankton dari jenis air laut dan air tawar. Pengaturan secara teknis terdiri dari Pembesaran 100 Kali dan pencahayaan diagfragma berwarna putih pada setiap pengamatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbandingan antara penggunaan binokular tanpa kamera dan mikroskop berkamera hasil modifikasi, terdapat perbedaan warna dan pencahayaan dari berbagai jenis sampel plankton yang diamati. Mikroskop hasil modifikasi yang ditambahkan kamera digital berdasarkan pengamatan berupa warna sel, bentuk sel, isi sel dan pencahayaan plankton lebih jelas dibandingkan dengan mikroskop binokular standar.
Uji Aktivitas Antibiofilm Minuman Sinbiotik Terhadap Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 2593
Authors: Muhammad Afivudien , Agustiningtyas Irena 
Published: July 2021

Staphylococcus aureus merupakan salah satu bakteri yang bisa menyebabkan beragam penyakit dan punya kemampuan membentuk biofilm. Sehingga dapat melindungi diri dari antibiotik. Sinbiotik adalah suplemen makanan berbentuk minuman probiotik yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri berpotensi patogen, salah satunya Staphylococcus aureus. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan uji antibiofilm Sinbiotik terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorik dengan menggunakan sampel minuman sinbiotik G12, Biotoksi, dan Yakult. Sinbiotik diujikan pada biofilm Staphylococcus aureus yang sudah mendapatkan perlakuan yaitu dengan menumbuhkan bakteri daslam media Trypticase Soy Broth selama 24 jam pada suhu 37 ͦ C.Dalam penelitian ini analisa data yang digunakan adalan analilis univariat yaitu dengan melihat hasil rata-rata. Penghambatan biofilm yang terjadi diukur menggunakan penghitungan MBIC (Minimum Biofilm Inhibitory Concentration) dan antibiofilm menggunakan spektrofotometer untuk mendapatkan nilai OD. Sinbiotik G12 dan Biotoksi menunjukkan kemampuan antibiofilm terhadap Staphylococcus aureus masing-masing sebesar 70.17% dan 68.74%. Sedangkan hasil pada yakult sebesar 11.01% sehingga tidak mempunyai kemampuan antibiofilm.Dari hasil tersebut dapat simpulkan bahwa minuman sinbiotik G12 dan Biotoksi mempunyai kemampuan antibiofilm terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus.
Analisis Manajemen Laboratorium Terpadu Mikroskopis Di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Cenderawasih Jayapura Papua (Studi Kasus)
Authors: Iswanto Dais , Mulyono Herlambang Budi 
Published: July 2021

Keunggulan sebuah laboratorium pendidikan dapat direfleksikan dari kualitas dan profile manajemen yang dijalankannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sistem manajemen yang dijalankan di laboratorium terpadu mikroskopis Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Cenderawasih (FK Uncen) Jayapura, Papua. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan metode kualitatif dan deskriptive. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi manajemen laboratorium tergolong kurang maksimal dan sebagian saja yang berjalan sesuai kaidah manajemen secara baku. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil pengukuran indikator perencanaan (planing) sebesar 51,72 % mengindikasikan positif atau kategori “Baik” dan sebanyak 41,37 % masuk dalam kategori “Kurang”. Sedangkan tiga komponen manajemen lainnya yang terdiri dari organizing, actuating dan controoling masing - masing indikator menunjukkan hasil sebesar 55,55 % masuk dalam kategori “Baik” dan 44,44% terbilang “Kurang”. Temuan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan kajian penting dalam institusi untuk memperbaiki sistem manajemen laboratorium secara bertahap dan berkelanjutan agar diperoleh fungsi manajemen laboratorium yang ideal sesuai aturan yang semestinya.
Optimasi Konsentrasi Primer dan Suhu Annealing dalam Mendeteksi Gen Leptin pada Sapi Peranakan Ongole (PO) Menggunakan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Authors: Setyawati Retno , Zubaidah Siti 
Published: July 2021

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) adalah suatu teknik sintesis dan amplifikasi DNA secara in vitro. Teknik PCR dapat digunakan untuk mengamplifikasi segmen DNA dalam jumlah jutaan kali hanya dalam beberapa jam. Setiap gen mempunyai primer dengan konsentrasi dan suhu annealing yang berbeda, sehingga perlu dilakukan optimasi konsentrasi primer dan suhu annealing agar didapatkan komposisi dan kondisi PCR yang sesuai sehingga mendapatkan hasil PCR yang optimal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui konsentrasi primer gen Leptin yang menghasilkan produk PCR dengan band yang optimal dan suhu annealing sampel DNA sapi Peranakan Ongole yang menghasilkan produk PCR dengan band yang optimal. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel darah sapi yang mengandung gen Leptin dengan ukuran produk PCR 467 bp. Penelitian ini sudah dilakukan optimasi variasi penggunaan konsentrasi primer dan suhu annealing. Penelitian ini menggunakan variasi konsentrasi primer 5μM dan 10 μM yang berasal dari primer stok 100μM, sedangkan suhu annealing PCR yang digunakan yaitu 56oC, 58oC, 60oC, dan 62oC yang dihitung berdasarkan (Tm-5)oC, dari rata-rata primer forward dan reverse. Produk PCR kemudian di elektroforesis dan dicek hasilnya pada UV transiluminator. Gambar hasil elektroforesis kemudian dibandingkan secara visual. Hasil yang didapat dari penelitian ini yaitu produk PCR gen Leptin yang menghasilkan band yang optimal dihasilkan pada konsentrasi primer 10μM dan suhu annealing 58oC.
Challenges and Opportunities of English Grammar Acquisition by Distance at the Tertiary Level
Authors: Farneste Monta , Apse Vineta 
Published: July 2021

Distance learning introduced in almost all educational establishments in spring 2020 has raised interest among researchers how to deal with it in a more productive way. Thus, the goal of the research was to find out undergraduates’ views on distance learning of English grammar and the use of online revision materials in developing students’ independent study skills at a tertiary institution in Latvia. the research tool was a questionnaire consisting of open-ended and closed questions. Twenty-three students answered the survey questions. the research results indicate that studying by distance is preferred because it allows the students to choose the study time and place, to develop their timemanagement, independent study skills, as well as improve their motivation. the main drawbacks of studying by distance, according to the students, are insufficient feedback, inability to ask questions directly and receive immediate answers and problems with their own time management and independent study skills.
Using the Methodology for the Comprehensive Assessment of Scientific and Technological Projects to Estimate Risks of their Failure
Authors: Komarov A. V. , Komarov K. A. , Shurtakov K. V. 
Published: July 2021

The article proposes approaches to assessing the risk of non-implementation of scientific and technological projects, based on the analysis of data from institutions for innovative development of information, and carried out following the requirements of a comprehensive assessment of projects’ technological readiness. One of the approaches presented allows you to build a matrix for subsequent analysis that describes the possibility of a project oving to a higher level of development, and the second is based on identifying empirical dependencies between the level of readiness of the project being executed and the risk of violating its deadlines. Examples of applying the developed approaches for practical tasks on program activities of target programs in the field of research and development in priority areas of the scientific and technological complex of Russia are given. The described models are intended for use in the governing bodies of innovative development institutions to increase the implemented support programs’ efficiency.