bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planar diffractive grating for magneto-optical trap application:
fabrication and testing
Authors: Wang Guochao , Xue Gaopeng , Zhai Qihang , Zhu Junhao , Yu Kangning , Huang Guangyao , Wang Min , Zhong Aihua , Zhu Lingxiao , Yan Shuhua , Li Xinghui 
Published: September 2021

The design, fabrication, and demonstration of a planar
two-dimensional-crossed reflective diffractive grating are proposed to
construct a novel optical configuration, to the best of our knowledge,
potentially applied for atom cooling and trapping in a magneto-optical
trap. Based on the proposed single-beam single-exposure scheme by
means of an orthogonal two-axis Lloyd’s mirrors interferometer, we
rapidly patterned a

∼

1

µ

m

period grating capable of providing
a uniform intensity of the diffracted beams. The key structural
parameters of the grating including the array square hole’s width and
depth were determined, aiming at providing a high energy of the
diffracted beams to perform the atom cooling and trapping. To
guarantee the diffracted beams to be overlapped possibly, we adopted a
polarized beam splitter to guide the optical path of the incident and
zero-order diffracted beams. Therefore, one zero-order diffracted beam
with a retroreflected mode and four first-order diffracted beams with
appropriate optical path constructed a three-dimensional optical
configuration of three orthogonal pairs of counterpropagating beams.
Finally, three pairs of the counterpropagating cooling laser beams
with 9 mm diameter and

>

10

%

diffraction efficiencies were
achieved, and the circular polarization chirality, purity, and
compensation of the desired diffracted beams are further evaluated,
which preliminarily validated a high applicability for the
magneto-optical trap system.
Tunable delay line based on balanced coupled resonators cladded with VO2 films
Authors: Wu Yuda , Li Yi , Peng Chuang , Zhang Xin , Zou Mengdi , Yan Junyi , Zhuang Jiaqing , Mei Jincheng , Wang Xinping 
Published: September 2021

A delay line consisting of a balanced side-coupled integrated spaced sequence of resonators and phase change material

V
O

2

films is employed to realize continuously tunable delays with ultrafast response and low distortion. Simulation results show that a tunable delay of up to 80 ps with a 10% broadening, 150 GHz bandwidth, and 0.087 dB/ps delay loss is achieved from this structure. Taking advantage of photoinduced phase transition of

V
O

2

films, this device obtains a switching time of less than 0.6 ps and effective compensation for group delay dispersion. This delay line shows advantages in the high-bit-rate all-optical processing systems.
Recent advances in supercontinuum generation in specialty optical fibers [Invited]
Authors: Sylvestre T. , Genier E. , Ghosh A. N. , Bowen P. , Genty G. , Troles J. , Mussot A. , Peacock A. C. , Klimczak M. , Heidt A. M. , Travers J. C. , Bang O. , Dudley J. M. 
Published: September 2021

The physics and applications of fiber-based supercontinuum (SC) sources have been a subject of intense interest over the last decade, with significant impact on both basic science and industry. New uses for SC sources are also constantly emerging due to their unique properties that combine high brightness, multi-octave frequency bandwidth, fiber delivery, and single-mode output. The last few years have seen significant research efforts focused on extending the wavelength coverage of SC sources towards the 2 to

20

µ

m

molecular fingerprint mid-infrared (MIR) region and in the ultraviolet (UV) down to 100 nm, while also improving stability, noise and coherence, output power, and polarization properties. Here we review a selection of recent advances in SC generation in a range of specialty optical fibers, including fluoride, chalcogenide, telluride, and silicon-core fibers for the MIR; UV-grade silica fibers and gas-filled hollow-core fibers for the UV range; and all-normal dispersion fibers for ultralow-noise coherent SC generation.
Multiwavelength, picosecond, synchronously pumped, Pb(MoO4)0.2(WO4)0.8 Raman laser oscillating at 12 wavelengths in a range of 1128–1360  nm
Authors: Frank Milan , Smetanin Sergei N. , Jelínek Michal , Vyhlídal David , Gubina Ksenia A. , Shukshin Vladislav E. , Zverev Petr G. , Kubeček Václav 
Published: September 2021

In this Letter, a mixed

P
b

(

M
o
O

4

)

0.2

(

W
O

4

)

0.8

as a new, to the best of our knowledge, active medium with optimized content for a synchronously pumped multiwavelength Raman laser with a combined frequency shift is presented. The unique structure of this crystal resulted in oscillations at 12 closely spaced output wavelengths in a spectral range from 1128 to 1360 nm. The strongest pulse shortening in comparison with nominally pure scheelite-like crystals has been achieved.
Agiles Studieren – ein Modell für hybride Präsenz‑/Onlinelehre
Authors: Stern Detlef 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungMit der Pandemiesituation ist es auch für Hochschulen notwendig geworden, flexiblere Lehrformen als die vorherrschende Präsenzlehre anzubieten. Der Umstellungsaufwand hin zu einer reinen digitalen Onlinelehre ist aber erheblich. Auch Studierende sind von diesen gravierenden Umständen betroffen und müssen ihre etablierten, teilweise sehr persönlichen Lernformen anpassen. Häufige Wechsel zwischen Präsenz- und Onlinelehre, zum Beispiel motiviert durch Änderungen der Pandemiesituation, erscheinen für alle Beteiligten nicht einfach.Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, mit Agiles Studieren ein Lehr- und Lernformat vorzustellen, das digitales Lehren und Lernen in Präsenz- und Onlinelehre integriert. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick zu Prinzipien und Abläufe, wie auch zu Erfahrungen vor und während der Pandemiesituation, insbesondere zu Umstellungsaufwänden und Auswirkungen auf Lernergebnisse.Seit dem Wintersemester 2013/14 zunächst in der Präsenzlehre eingesetzt, konnte Agiles Studieren seine Leistungsfähigkeit auch in der Pandemiesituation unter Beweis stellen. Geringe Umstellungsaufwände, wie auch gleichbleibende Lernergebnisse trotz gravierender Änderungen im Umfeld, sind zentrale Ergebnisse.
Prevalence of diarrhoeal pathogens among children under five years of age with and without diarrhoea in Guinea-Bissau
Authors: Mero Sointu , Timonen Suvi , Lääveri Tinja , Løfberg Sandra , Kirveskari Juha , Ursing Johan , Rombo Lars , Kofoed Poul-Erik , Kantele Anu 
Published: September 2021

Background
Childhood diarrhoea, a major cause of morbidity and mortality in low-income regions, remains scarcely studied in many countries, such as Guinea-Bissau. Stool sample drying enables later qPCR analyses of pathogens without concern about electricity shortages.

Methods
Dried stool samples of children under five years treated at the Bandim Health Centre in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau were screened by qPCR for nine enteric bacteria, five viruses, and four parasites. The findings of children having and not having diarrhoea were compared in age groups 0–11 and 12–59 months.

Results
Of the 429 children– 228 with and 201 without diarrhoea– 96.9% and 93.5% had bacterial, 62.7% and 44.3% viral, and 52.6% and 48.3% parasitic pathogen findings, respectively. Enteroaggregarive Escherichia coli (EAEC; 60.5% versus 66.7%), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC; 61.4% versus 62.7%), Campylobacter (53.2% versus 51.8%), and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC; 54.4% versus 44.3%) were the most common bacterial pathogens. Diarrhoea was associated with enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)/Shigella (63.3%), ETEC (54.4%), astrovirus (75.0%), norovirus GII (72.6%) and Cryptosporidium (71.2%). The only pathogen associated with severe diarrhoea was EIEC/Shigella (p<0.001). EAEC was found more frequent among the infants, and EIEC/Shigella, Giardia duodenalis and Dientamoeba fragilis among the older children.

Conclusions
Stool pathogens proved common among all the children regardless of them having diarrhoea or not.
Role of T cells during the cerebral infection with Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Olivera Gabriela C. , Vetter Leonie , Tesoriero Chiara , Del Gallo Federico , Hedberg Gustav , Basile Juan , Rottenberg Martin E. 
Published: September 2021

The infection by Trypanosoma brucei brucei (T.b.b.), a protozoan parasite, is characterized by an early-systemic stage followed by a late stage in which parasites invade the brain parenchyma in a T cell-dependent manner.
Here we found that early after infection effector-memory T cells were predominant among brain T cells, whereas, during the encephalitic stage T cells acquired a tissue resident memory phenotype (TRM) and expressed PD1. Both CD4 and CD8 T cells were independently redundant for the penetration of T.b.b. and other leukocytes into the brain parenchyma. The role of lymphoid cells during the T.b.b. infection was studied by comparing T- and B-cell deficient rag1-/- and WT mice. Early after infection, parasites located in circumventricular organs, brain structures with increased vascular permeability, particularly in the median eminence (ME), paced closed to the sleep-wake regulatory arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (Arc). Whereas parasite levels in the ME were higher in rag1-/- than in WT mice, leukocytes were instead reduced. Rag1-/- infected mice showed increased levels of meca32 mRNA coding for a blood /hypothalamus endothelial molecule absent in the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). Both immune and metabolic transcripts were elevated in the ME/Arc of WT and rag1-/- mice early after infection, except for ifng mRNA, which levels were only increased in WT mice. Finally, using a non-invasive sleep-wake cycle assessment method we proposed a putative role of lymphocytes in mediating sleep alterations during the infection with T.b.b.
Thus, the majority of T cells in the brain during the early stage of T.b.b. infection expressed an effector-memory phenotype while TRM cells developed in the late stage of infection. T cells and parasites invade the ME/Arc altering the metabolic and inflammatory responses during the early stage of infection and modulating sleep disturbances.
Policy options for surgical mentoring: Lessons from Zambia based on stakeholder consultation and systems science
Authors: Broekhuizen Henk , Ifeanyichi Martilord , Cheelo Mweene , Drury Grace , Pittalis Chiara , Rouwette Etiënne , Mbambiko Michael , Kachimba John , Brugha Ruairí , Gajewski Jakub , Bijlmakers Leon 
Published: September 2021

Background
Supervision by surgical specialists is beneficial because they can impart skills to district hospital-level surgical teams. The SURG-Africa project in Zambia comprises a mentoring trial in selected districts, involving two provincial-level mentoring teams. The aim of this paper is to explore policy options for embedding such surgical mentoring in existing policy structures through a participatory modeling approach.

Methods
Four group model building workshops were held, two each in district and central hospitals. Participants worked in a variety of institutions and had clinical and/or administrative backgrounds. Two independent reviewers compared the causal loop diagrams (CLDs) that resulted from these workshops in a pairwise fashion to construct an integrated CLD. Graph theory was used to analyze the integrated CLD, and dynamic system behavior was explored using the Method to Analyse Relations between Variables using Enriched Loops (MARVEL) method.

Results
The establishment of a provincial mentoring faculty, in collaboration with key stakeholders, would be a necessary step to coordinate and sustain surgical mentoring and to monitor district-level surgical performance. Quarterly surgical mentoring reviews at the provincial level are recommended to evaluate and, if needed, adapt mentoring. District hospital administrators need to closely monitor mentee motivation.

Conclusions
Surgical mentoring can play a key role in scaling up district-level surgery but its implementation is complex and requires designated provincial level coordination and regular contact with relevant stakeholders.
Interferon beta for the treatment of multiple sclerosis in the Campania Region of Italy: Merging the real-life to routinely collected healthcare data
Authors: Moccia Marcello , Affinito Giuseppina , Capacchione Antonio , Lanzillo Roberta , Carotenuto Antonio , Montella Emma , Triassi Maria , Morra Vincenzo Brescia , Palladino Raffaele 
Published: September 2021

Background
We aim to overcome limitations of previous clinical and population-based studies by merging a clinical registry to routinely-collected healthcare data, and to specifically describe differences in clinical outcomes, healthcare resource utilization and costs between interferon beta formulations for multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods
We included 850 patients with MS treated with interferon beta formulations, from 2015 to 2019, seen at the MS Clinical Care and Research Centre (Federico II University of Naples, Italy) and with linkage to routinely-collected healthcare data (prescription data, hospital admissions, outpatient services). We extracted and computed clinical outcomes (relapses, 6-month EDSS progression using a roving EDSS as reference), persistence (time spent on a specific interferon beta formulation), adherence (medication possession ratio (MPR)), healthcare resource utilization and costs (annualized hospitalization rate (AHR), costs for hospital admissions and DMTs). To evaluate differences between interferon beta formulations, we used linear regression (adherence), Poisson regression (AHR), mixed-effect regression (costs), and Cox-regression models (time varying variables); covariates were age, sex, treatment duration, baseline EDSS and adherence.

Results
Looking at clinical outcomes, rates of relapses and EDSS progression were lower than studies run on previous cohorts; there was no differences in relapse risk between interferon beta formulations. Risk of discontinuation was higher for Betaferon®/Extavia® (HR = 3.28; 95%CI = 2.11, 5.12; p<0.01). Adherence was lower for Betaferon®/Extavia® (Coeff = -0.05; 95%CI = -0.10, -0.01; p = 0.02), and Avonex® (Coeff = -0.06; 95%CI = -0.11, -0.02; p<0.01), when compared with Rebif® and Plegridy® (Coeff = 0.08; 95%CI = 0.01, 0.16; p = 0.02). AHR and costs for MS hospital admissions were higher for Betaferon®/Extavia® (IRR = 2.38; 95%CI = 1.01, 5.55; p = 0.04; Coeff = 14.95; 95%CI = 1.39, 28.51; p = 0.03).

Conclusions
We have showed the feasibility of merging routinely-collected healthcare data to a clinical registry for future MS research, and have confirmed interferon beta formulations play an important role in the management of MS, with positive clinical outcomes. Differences between interferon beta formulations are mostly driven by adherence and healthcare resource utilization.
Efficacy of Prucalopride for Chronic Idiopathic Constipation: An Analysis of Participants With Moderate to Very Severe Abdominal Bloating
Authors: Staller Kyle , Hinson Jimmy , Kerstens René , Spalding William , Lembo Anthony 
Published: September 2021

INTRODUCTION:
This post hoc analysis evaluated the effect of prucalopride on abdominal bloating in participants with chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) who had moderate to very severe bloating at baseline.

Methods:
Data from 6 phase 3/4 studies of prucalopride in participants with CIC were pooled. Abdominal bloating was assessed weekly using a 5-point scale (0–4).

Results:
The proportion of bloating responders (≥1-point improvement in abdominal bloating score at week 12) was higher in participants treated with prucalopride (62.1%) vs placebo (49.6%).

DISCUSSION:
The prucalopride arm had a higher proportion of bloating responders vs placebo in this study population.
Sistem Monitoring Akademik Mahasiswa Difabel dengan Black Box Testing
Authors: Nafisah Syifaun 
Published: September 2021

The web-based Academic Monitoring System for Students with Disabilities is a software development that aims to monitor the academic activities of students with disabilities. This development needs to be done because the average Grade Point Average (GPA) of students with disabilities is often below the average GPA of their class. This system was developed using the R&D method with a prototyping approach. Based on testing with black box techniques that have been carried out, this system shows the accuracy of success, with feature suitability and user acceptance of the system by 100%. In conclusion, this system can be used as a software tool to monitor the academic activities of students with disabilities.[Sistem Monitoring Akademik bagi Mahasiswa Difabel berbasis web merupakan sebuah pengembangan software yang bertujuan untuk melakukan monitoring kegiatan akademik para mahasiswa penyandang disabilitas. Pengembangan ini perlu dilakukan karena rerata Indeks Prestasi Kumulatif (IPK) mahasiswa penyandang disabilitas sering kali di bawah rerata IPK seangkatan. Sistem ini dikembangkan dengan metode R&D dengan pendekatan prototyping. Berdasar pengujian dengan teknik black box yang telah dilakukan, sistem ini menunjukkan tingkat akurasi keberhasilan, dengan kesesuaian fitur dan penerimaan user terhadap sistem sebesar 100%. Kesimpulannya, sistem ini dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai perangkat lunak bantu untuk melakukan monitoring terhadap proses kegiatan akademik para mahasiswa difabel.]
Invasive Fucus serratus (Fucaceae, Phaeophyceae) responds to climate change along the Atlantic Coast of Nova Scotia, Canada
Authors: Garbary David J. , Fass Megan P. , Vandermeulen Herb 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The distribution and ecology of the invasive brown alga Fucus serratus along the 500 km Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia, Canada, has been poorly explored. We observed significant intertidal penetration at four sites in the southwestern part of the province, and then examined numerous sites along the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia. Surveys of attached algae in intertidal and shallow subtidal zones and wrack show that F. serratus has become a dominant plant in the low to mid-intertidal zone and can be expected on headlands along the South Shore of Nova Scotia where it can occupy up to 40% of the intertidal zone with cover >75% and mean densities of up to 10 kg m−1. In this zone, F. serratus has replaced Chondrus crispus as the major canopy species, although C. crispus and Corallina officinalis remain primary understory species. At slightly higher elevations, F. serratus was common as an understory beneath Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus. While geographic spread along the Atlantic coast might reflect the natural dispersal capacity of F. serratus, we hypothesize that the ecological extension into the intertidal zone may be facilitated by harvesting of A. nodosum and by climate change in an ocean-warming hotspot.
Improving Jatropha curcas L. photosynthesis-related parameters using poultry litter and its biochar
Authors: MASOCHA Boitshwarelo L. , DIKINYA Oagile , MOSEKI Baleseng 
Published: September 2021

Poultry litter and biochar contribute to improved plant growth due to their high nutrient content. However, to the best of our knowledge, how incorporating poultry litter and its biochar in soil affects photosynthesis-related parameters of Jatropha curcas L. has not been reported. Therefore, a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted using a complete randomised design with three replicates per treatment to determine the effects of poultry litter, biochar pyrolysed at 350 °C and 750 °C at different application rates (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 gkg-1) on Jatropha curcas L. photosynthesis parameters. The control plants recorded the lowest values of photosynthesis-related parameters compared to the treated plants except for water use efficiency. The study observed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in leaf surface area (1807 m2, PL), dark-adapted Fv/Fm ratio, carbon dioxide uptake, and transpiration rate for PL and BC350 with increased application rates, compared to BC750 treatments. BC350 treated plants exhibited higher values (0.79) of Light-adapted Fv’/Fm’. The quantum yield of PSII electron transport displayed an increase with an application rate of 3 gkg-1in PL (0.75) treated soils. Comparing organic amendments used, BC350 exhibited a significantly higher value of carbon dioxide uptake rate (2.67 μmol m-2 s-1) and transpiration rate (2.20 mmol m-2 s-1); however, WUE increased at an application rate of 3 gkg-1 in BC750 (3.8 µmol (CO2) mol-1(H2O)) treated plants. The study results indicate that poultry litter and biochar produced at a lower temperature significantly improved photosynthesis parameters than biochar produced at a higher temperature.
Physiological variation of irradiated red radish plants and their phylogenic relationship using SCoT and CDDP markers
Authors: ALY Amina A. , ELIWA Noha E. , BORIK Zeyad M. , SAFWAT Gehan 
Published: September 2021

Greenhouse experiment is carried out to explore the outcome of γ-radiation on physiological and genetic variation in red radish (Raphanus sativus) for two generations. Gamma rays from 60Co were used to penetrate red radish seeds with different dose levels (0.0, 10, 20, 40 and 80 Gy). Plants generated from irradiated seeds and from self-pollination of these plants, called M1 and M2 generations, respectively. Some morphological and physiological traits were then determined, and the genetic diversity of both generations was studied using Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) and Conserved DNA-Derived Polymorphism (CDDP) molecular markers. All studied morphological traits (number of leaves/plants, leave height, root diameter, and root weight) were steadily improved by raising irradiation dose rate, reaching a cumulative raise at the irradiation doe level 40 Gy and decreased at dose level 80 Gy. Photosynthetic pigments of red radish plants released a notable increase by increasing gamma rays dose level for chlorophyll (a), chlorophyll (b) and carotenoids for 40 Gy dose rate. Proline content was elevated proportionally to the irradiation dose level, with the greatest increase seen at dose level of 80 Gy. Moreover, phytochemical screening was detected for the both two generations. Fourteen SCoT primers generated a total number of banding patterns of 194 with average 13.86 and the primer SCoT-33 released the highest number banding patterns (21). The percentage mean of polymorphism for all the SCoT primers was 74.66% and was 66.49 and 63.74% for M1 and M2 respectively. Furthermore, fifteen CDDP primers generated a total number of banding patterns of 186 and the primer CDDP-5 relieved the highest number of banding patterns (20). The percentage mean of polymorphism for all the CDDP primers was 73.41% and was 64.38 and 65.91% for M1 and M2 respectively. It could be concluded that gamma irradiation exhibited an appropriate variation in red radish M1 and M2 which was detected by SCoT and CDDP molecular markers.