bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rethinking Christian and Jewish Exceptionalisms☆
Authors: Batnitzky Leora 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article argues that Christianity and Judaism, as they have developed historically, express complementary but opposing exceptionalist perspectives. The article defines “exceptionalism” in terms of the singular mission that Jews and Christians each claim for themselves and the varied Jewish and Christian conceptions of how their missions relate to non‐Jews and non‐Christians respectively. While Jewish exceptionalism consists in the demand to be left alone to live its God‐given mission with not much concern for what God expects from the other nations save that it is different from what God expects from the Jews, Christian exceptionalism demands that all peoples follow its singular vision of redemption through Christ. This article develops these arguments by way of considering competing readings of the Book of Ruth, continuing debates about the Apostle Paul in recent historical scholarship, as well as history’s role in theological reflection. The article argues that Christians and Jews need to reckon with their respective exceptionalisms on their own decidedly singular terms, and not on the terms of each other, since to do otherwise would be to renounce their respective exceptionalisms and to lose the theological singularity that defines each faith tradition. Nevertheless, the article concludes by calling for more intellectual honesty from Christians and Jews regarding what their exceptionalisms do and do not entail as well as for the enduring importance of bringing historical research to bear on theology.
Improvement of kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease and severe obesity after bariatric surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lee Yung , Anvari Sama , Chu Megan M. , Lovrics Olivia , Khondker Adree , Malhan Roshan , Aditya Ishan , Doumouras Aristithes G. , Walsh Michael , Hong Dennis 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTThe general management for chronic kidney disease (CKD) includes treating reversible causes, including obesity, which may be both a driver and comorbidity for CKD. Bariatric surgery has been shown to reduce the likelihood of CKD progression and improve kidney function in observational studies. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of patients with at least stage 3 CKD and obesity receiving bariatric surgery. We searched Embase, MEDLINE, CENTRAL and identified eligible studies reporting on kidney function outcomes in included patients before and after bariatric surgery with comparison to a medical intervention control if available. Risk of bias was assessed with the Newcastle‐Ottawa Risk of Bias score. Nineteen studies were included for synthesis. Bariatric surgery showed improved eGFR with a mean difference (MD) of 11.64 (95%CI: 5.84 to 17.45, I2 = 66%) ml/min/1.73m2 and reduced SCr with MD of −0.24 (95%CI −0.21 to −0.39, I2 = 0%) mg/dl after bariatric surgery. There was no significant difference in the relative risk (RR) of having CKD stage 3 after bariatric surgery, with a RR of −1.13 (95%CI: −0.83 to −2.07, I2 = 13%), but there was reduced likelihood of having uACR >30 mg/g or above with a RR of −3.03 (95%CI: −1.44 to −6.40, I2 = 91%). Bariatric surgery may be associated with improved kidney function with the reduction of BMI and may be a safe treatment option for patients with CKD. Future studies with more robust reporting are required to determine the feasibility of bariatric surgery for the treatment of CKD.
Environmental conditions and seed traits affect seed dispersal patterns in a slug–legume model system
Authors: Pufal Gesine , Skarbek Carl 
Published: August 2021

The outcome of seed fate (probability of predation or dispersal) depends on the interplay between granivores and seed traits. Furthermore, changing environmental conditions affecting granivore behavior might additionally alter seed dispersal patterns.Based on microcosm experiments and time‐lapse videos, we tested in a structural equation model how dry or wet conditions in a slug–legume seed system affect slug movement behavior, thus influencing seed encounter, ingestion and dispersal locations. We additionally analyzed how interactions between slug weight, chemical and morphological seed traits determine the fate of ingested seeds and used point pattern analysis of seed locations to detect potential dispersal patterns.While dry or wet conditions had no direct effect on the time slugs spent moving, dry conditions significantly increased the slug's homing behavior. Higher slug movement increased the chance of seed encounter, smaller seeds with low seed coat permeability were preferably ingested and the proportion of ingested seeds increased with increasing seed oil content. A high proportion of ingested seeds was dispersed via endozoochory, but none of the tested seed traits could explain seed fate.Endozoochory led to clumped dispersal patterns around the slug's shelter with clustering significantly more pronounced for seeds in dry conditions due to increased homing behavior in slugs. These dispersal patterns indicate potential directed dispersal to moist microsites but whether this leads to higher recruitment and hence successful directed dispersal remains to be tested.
Teleological powers
Authors: Paolini Paoletti Michele 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this article, I develop a metaphysical account of final causes grounded on contemporary powers metaphysics. After having presented some key elements of an Aristotle‐inspired teleology, i.e., the study of final causes within Aristotelian tradition, I introduce powers. Moreover, I present some theses about their nature and features. Afterward, I distinguish between two kinds of powers that are expected to play the roles traditionally attributed to final causes: weakly teleological powers and strongly teleological powers. Weakly teleological powers are those powers that ground the possession of all the other powers of a substance. Strongly teleological powers are those powers that ground the activation of all the other powers of a substance. Within this framework, I then develop some options to deal with human teleology, i.e., with the study of human behavior in light of final causes. Finally, in the last Section, I briefly compare my account with other accounts of teleology and of specific sorts of powers that somehow resemble teleological powers.
Genome‐wide identification and expression analysis of Polyamine Uptake Transporter gene family in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis)
Authors: Alhag A. , Song J. , Dahro B. , Wu H. , Khan M. , Salih H. , Liu J.‐H. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Polyamine uptake transporter (PUT) plays important roles in polyamine homeostasis, but knowledge regarding PUT family genes in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) remains elusive.

Herein, our study aimed to perform a genome‐wide identification of the PUT gene family in C. sinensis. A total of eight putative PUT genes (CsPUT1–CsPUT8) were identified in the sweet orange genome and distributed on three chromosomes. The CsPUT genes were divided into two major groups according to the phylogenetic tree analysis, with high similarities in protein domains and gene structure organization.

The CsPUT genes were differentially expressed in different tissues, with the highest transcript levels being in the flowers and roots. Interestingly, the CsPUT genes were significantly induced by polyamines, putrescine, spermidine and spermine, indicating that CsPUT were possibly associated with intracellular polyamine transport and uptake. In addition, CsPUT showed differential expression in callus treated with ABA, cold, salt or osmotic shock.

CsPUT4 was selected as a candidate for functional analysis of PUT. Overexpression of CsPUT4 elevated endogenous polyamine content and led to enhanced cold tolerance in transgenic callus cultures. Overall, these data provide valuable information for better understanding the potential biological functions of PUT genes in future.
Uptake of hematite nanoparticles in maize and their role in cell cycle dynamics, PCNA expression and mitigation of cadmium stress
Authors: Youssef O. A. , Tammam A. A. , El‐Bakatoushi R. F. , Alframawy A. M. , Emara M. M. , El‐Sadek L. M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Cadmium toxicity is considered a major threat to several crops worldwide. Hematite nanoparticles (NPs), due to their small size and large specific surface area, could be applied as an adsorbent for toxic heavy metals in soil. Also, they serve as an efficient nano‐fertilizer, promoting Fe availability and biomass production in plants, thus enabling Cd2+‐induced stress tolerance.

The phytotoxicity of five different concentrations of hematite NPs, ranging from 500 to 8,000 mg·kg−1, and Cd2+ concentrations (110 or 130 mg·kg−1 Cd2+) alone or combined with 500 mg·kg−1 NPs was evaluated in maize. The changes in fresh weight, element analysis, cell cycle regulation, DNA banding patterns and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression were used as biomarkers.

The results revealed that increased fresh weight and fewest polymorphic DNA bands were detectable after treatment with 500 mg·kg−1 NPs. However, at 8,000 mg·kg−1 NPs, PCNA expression increased significantly, which resulted in cell cycle arrest at the G1/S checkpoint in roots. Significant reductions in fresh weight, altered nutrient profiles and cell cycle perturbations are considered symptoms of Cd2+ toxicity in maize. Conversely, amending 500 mg·kg−1 NPs with 130 mg·kg−1 Cd2+ increased fresh weight, Fe concentration and genomic template stability, while reducing Cd2+ uptake and PCNA1 expression.

Overall, 8,000 mg·kg−1 hematite NPs interfered with the cellular homeostatic balance of maize, resulting in a cascade of genotoxic events, leading to growth inhibition. Although 500 mg·kg−1 hematite NPs alleviated Cd2+‐induced DNA damage to a certain extent, their impact on cell cycle progression requires further verification.
What Is Left of European Citizenship?
Authors: Lacroix Justine 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe European Union has opened the way towards a new form of citizenship founded on two promises: one “federal,” the other “cosmopolitan.” However, the condition of asylum‐seekers and the attacks on the rule of law have, over the past ten years, undermined this dual ambition of the European Union at the risk of ruining both its cosmopolitan and federal dimensions. In this particular context, political theory has a role to play in elucidating the concepts at stake, such as that of “illiberal democracy,” which is now being mobilized in Europe to mask a gradual liquidation of democracy.
Two successful embryo transfers of mini‐donkey embryos in Brazilian Northeastern jennies using an alternative method: Case report
Authors: Rodrigues Lucas T. , Segabinazzi Lorenzo GTM , Oliveira Sidnei N , Frasson Mariana , Papa Frederico O 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPregnancy rates after embryo transfer (ET) are disappointing in donkey species. This study aims to report two successful ET of mini‐donkey embryos using Brazilian Northeastern jennies as recipients. Eighteen embryo flushes were performed 9 days post‐ovulation in two non‐pregnant mini‐donkeys jennies (11 and 7 cycles per jenny). Eleven embryos (61%, 11/18) were collected and transferred to Brazilian Northeastern jennies 4–6 days post‐ovulation by conventional (n = 6) or an alternative (n = 5) technique. The alternative method consisted of inserting a Polansky equine vaginal speculum smeared with lubricant in the vagina of the recipient jenny. The arms of the speculum were extended to allow the visualization of the cervix. Then, using an adapted crafted, elongated, toothed tissue grasping forceps, the external cervical os was held, and the cervix was gently pulled backward, aiming to straight the cervical canal. The ET gun was inserted through the vagina and cervix by visual inspection, and the embryo was released into the uterine lumen. All embryos collected were Grade 1 and classified as Expanded Blastocysts. No jennies become pregnant after conventional ET (0/6), whereas two recipient jennies (40%, 2/5) become pregnant and delivered offspring in the following year after ET using the alternative technique. In conclusion, Brazilian Northeastern jennies can be used as embryo recipients using the alternative method proposed in the present study. However, further investigations are needed to improve the knowledge and results of ET in donkey species.
Technology transfer in economic periphery: Emerging patterns and policy challenges
Authors: Kirs Margit , Lember Veiko , Karo Erkki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDrawing from case studies from the Estonian biotechnology sector, we demonstrate that a focus on the classic formal approach to technology transfer does not fully capture the dynamics and challenges of technology transfer in a peripheral context. We focus on biotechnology because this is an area where entrepreneurial orientation of knowledge institutions and formal models of technology transfer are highly visible. Our case studies show that the knowledge generation and the diffusion contexts of peripheral economies can create barriers to technology transfer that conventional policy approaches do not address.
Phytophthora infection signals‐induced translocation of NAC089 is required for endoplasmic reticulum stress response‐mediated plant immunity
Authors: Ai Gan , Zhu Hai , Fu Xiaowei , Liu Jin , Li Tianli , Cheng Yang , Zhou Yang , Yang Kun , Pan Weiye , Zhang Huanxin , Wu Zishan , Dong Saiyu , Xia Yeqiang , Wang Yuanchao , Xia Ai , Wang Yiming , Dou Daolong , Jing Maofeng 
Published: August 2021

SUMMARYPlants deploy various immune receptors to recognize pathogen‐derived extracellular signals and subsequently activate the downstream defense response. Recently, increasing evidence indicates that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a part in the plant defense response, known as ER stress‐mediated immunity (ERSI), that halts pathogen infection. However, the mechanism for the ER stress response to signals of pathogen infection remains unclear. Here, we characterized the ER stress response regulator NAC089, which was previously reported to positively regulate programed cell death (PCD), functioning as an ERSI regulator. NAC089 translocated from the ER to the nucleus via the Golgi in response to Phytophthora capsici culture filtrate (CF), which is a mixture of pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Plasma membrane localized co‐receptor BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1‐associated receptor kinase 1 (BAK1) was required for the CF‐mediated translocation of NAC089. The nuclear localization of NAC089, determined by the NAC domain, was essential for immune activation and PCD. Furthermore, NAC089 positively contributed to host resistance against the oomycete pathogen P. capsici and the bacteria pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000. We also proved that NAC089‐mediated immunity is conserved in Nicotiana benthamiana. Together, we found that PAMP signaling induces the activation of ER stress in plants, and that NAC089 is required for ERSI and plant resistance against pathogens.
Pharmacokinetic and safety assessment of carboplatin‐impregnated calcium sulfate hemihydrate beads in eight rats
Authors: Belda Beatriz , Ramos‐Vara José , Messenger Kristen M. , Risselada Marije 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveEvaluate local tissue toxicity and plasma platinum (Pt) in vivo after subcutaneous implantation of carboplatin‐impregnated calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CI‐CSH) beads.Study designIn vivo experimental study.AnimalsEight male Sprague–Dawley rats.MethodsCI‐CSH beads were implanted subcutaneously (5 mg carboplatin/rat; 13.5 mg/kg carboplatin; 7.08 mg/kg Pt; 1.18 mg/m2Pt) in eight rats (d0). Wound healing (daily), radiographic bead dissolution (weekly), systemic Pt uptake (plasma‐Pt), local tissue Pt (d28), and histologic changes compared to nonincised and incised catheterization sites (d28) were assessed. Blood and tissue samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for Pt, and pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using noncompartmental methods.ResultsOne rat died at d10, the remainder survived until d28. No wound complications were seen. The CI‐CSH implantation site had higher histopathology scores than the other sites for necrosis (p = .013) and fibrosis (p = .013). Beads decreased in density radiographically (d0 to d28) (p = .062). Peak plasma‐Pt concentration was 225.78 ng/ml at 12 h, and decreased over time, but Pt was still detectable on d28. The elimination half‐life was 5.03 ± 1.13 days. Only 1.69% of implanted Pt remained in the beads at d28.ConclusionsCI‐CSH beads incited microscopic mild inflammation but wound healing was not impaired. Pt was absorbed systemically and the release from the beads was near complete at d28.Clinical significancePiled CI‐CSH bead implantation is well tolerated in rats with similar elution profile as previously described. Beads were radiographically visible at d28. Minimal Pt was detected systemically suggesting Pt release does not match bead dissolution.
A Non-Compact Effective Impedance Model for Can-to-Can Acoustic Communication: Analysis and Optimization of Damping Mechanisms
Authors: von Saldern Jakob G. R. , Orchini Alessandro , Moeck Jonas P. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Can-annular combustors can feature azimuthal instabilities even if the acoustic coupling between the individual cans is weak. Recently, various studies have focused on modeling the acoustic communication between adjacent cans in can-annular systems. In this study, a coupling model is presented that, in contrast to previous models, includes the effect of density fluctuations, mean flow, and dissipative effects at the connection gaps. By assuming plane acoustic waves inside each can and exploiting the discrete rotational symmetry of the can-annular system, the acoustic can-to-can interaction can be represented by an effective Bloch-type impedance. A single can modeled with the effective impedance at the downstream end emulates the acoustic response of the entire can-annular arrangement. We then propose the idea of installing a liner just upstream of the first turbine stage to damp azimuthal instabilities. By using the proposed can-to-can coupling model, we discuss in detail the effect that the impedance of the liner has on the effective reflection coefficient for different Bloch wavenumbers. In the low-frequency limit, we derive an analytical condition for achieving maximum damping at a specific Bloch-number. We show that the damping of azimuthal modes depends on the porosity of the liner, mean flow parameters and the Bloch-structure of the mode. These results suggest the possibility of targeting the damping of modes of certain azimuthal order by geometric variations of the liner or of the connection gap. As an exemplary application of the theory, we setup a network model of a generic industrial 12-can combustor and investigate a cluster of acoustic and thermoacoustic eigenvalues for a varying liner porosity. The findings of this study provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that drive the can-to-can acoustic communication, and open the path for devising passive damping strategies aimed at stabilizing specific modes in can-annular combustors.
Review on Solar Thermochemical Processing for Lunar Applications and Their Heat Transfer Modeling Methods
Authors: Zhang Yuankun , Brooks Geoffrey , Rhamdhani Akbar , Guo Chunsheng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHarnessing concentrated high-flux solar energy to drive thermal processes over 1000 °C for fuel production and material processing has great potential to address environmental issues associated with fossil fuels. There is now also interest in solar thermal processing under extraterrestrial (e.g., lunar) conditions, which has the potential to provide materials and power for future space exploration and base construction with local resources as feedstock. In this review article, the recent progress on conventional solar thermochemical systems used for lunar production is reviewed. Important results are discussed to identify the applicability of existing devices and models at lunar conditions. Finally, the challenges ahead and promising directions are presented.
Phase-Change Process Inside a Small-Radii Cylinder Subjected to Cyclic Convective Boundary Conditions: A Numerical Study
Authors: Kanani Yousef , Karmakar Avijit , Acharya Sumanta 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We numerically investigate the melting and solidification behavior of phase-change materials (PCMs) encapsulated in a small-radii cylinder subjected to a cyclic convective boundary condition (square-wave). First, we explore the effects of the Stefan and Biot numbers on the nondimensionalized time required for a PCM initially held at Tcold to melt and reach the crossflow temperature Thot (i.e., reference Fourier number T̃ref). The increase in either Stefan or Biot number decreases T̃ref which can be predicted accurately using the correlation developed in this work. The variations of the PCM melt fraction, surface temperature, and heat transfer rate as a function of Fourier number are reported and analyzed. We further study the effect of the cyclic Fourier number T̃ on the periodic melting and freezing process. The melting or freezing front initiates at the outer periphery of the PCM and propagates toward the center. At higher frequencies, multiple two-phase interfaces are generated (propagating inward), and the surface temperature oscillates in the vicinity of the melting temperature. This increases the effective temperature difference with the crossflow and leads to a higher overall heat transfer.
Gradient-Free Optimization in Thermoacoustics: Application to a Low-Order Model
Authors: Reumschüssel Johann Moritz , von Saldern Jakob G. R. , Li Yiqing , Paschereit Christian Oliver , Orchini Alessandro 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Machine learning and automatized routines for parameter optimization have experienced a surge in development in the past years, mostly caused by the increasing availability of computing capacity. Gradient-free optimization can avoid cumbersome theoretical studies as input parameters are purely adapted based on output data. As no knowledge about the objective function is provided to the algorithms, this approach might reveal unconventional solutions to complex problems that were out of scope of classical solution strategies. In this study, the potential of these optimization methods on thermoacoustic problems is examined. The optimization algorithms are applied to a generic low-order thermoacoustic can-combustor model with several fuel injectors at different locations. We use three optimization algorithms – the well established downhill simplex method, the recently proposed explorative gradient method, and an evolutionary algorithm – to find optimal fuel distributions across the fuel lines while maintaining the amount of consumed fuel constant. The objective is to have minimal pulsation amplitudes. We compare the results and efficiency of the gradient-free algorithms. Additionally, we employ model-based linear stability analysis to calculate the growth rates of the dominant thermoacoustic modes. This allows us to highlight general and thermoacoustic-specific features of the optimization methods and results. The findings of this study show the potential of gradient-free optimization methods on combustor design for tackling thermoacoustic problems, and motivate further research in this direction.