bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empowering Communities: Future‐Making through Citizen Ethnography
Authors: BADAMI SUMANT , GOODMAN SOPHIE 
Published: December 2021

This paper proposes a way to harness the power and benefits of community‐led future change through the process of “citizen ethnography”. Just as “citizen science” has become a potent method for non‐scientists to collect and contribute to scientific knowledge and outcomes, citizen ethnography is where non‐ethnographers are trained in the tools and techniques of ethnography to research social phenomena to understand, recommend and lead their own change initiatives.Citizen ethnography essentially flips the model of a single or small team of ethnographers and consultants working with a community, to one where groups of community members research their own challenges in order to identify their own needs, preferred futures and mechanisms for change. Importantly, this approach requires a significant ‘stepping away’ of the ethnographer as the research expert and move towards a role of skill‐builder, coach and facilitator. This democratisation of ethnography helps to equip and empower communities with useful skills, while also reconnecting ethnography to the fundamentals of its well‐established method and foundation in the ethics of representation. We provide an example of how citizen ethnography is being used to deal with youth suicide in Australia, highlighting how through engaging community members in the process and skills of ethnography they can unpack their own questions of belonging and identity, participate with eachother in the solutions to their current challenges and approach their future as engaged and empowered citizens.
Change the Category, Change the World: How research and great storytelling drove a headline‐making world first for supermarkets
Authors: LENG JENNIE 
Published: December 2021

The butterfly effect – a small change that has big ripples. This is what Jennie Leng created when she persuaded NZ's largest supermarket to change its language from “sanitary products”.Phrases like “sanitary products” and “feminine hygiene” are ubiquitous around the world, but these euphemisms have connotations of dirtiness, and perpetuate the idea that menstruation is embarrassing and shameful. Jennie used context, anecdotes and quantitative research to build a case for the supermarket to change their language – and they went for it! Countdown Supermarkets now uses the phrase “period care” in all of its digital channels and have rolled the label out in store. Because if you can have skin care and hair care, why not period care?In this PK, Jennie will touch on the types of evidence and the framing she used to influence the business, and the world‐first, headline‐making outcomes of this change
On Being Well in a Time of Hell
Authors: SHAH MIRA , EVANS CHLOE , STEINHOFF CAMIE 
Published: December 2021

For the past year, people around the world have adjusted quickly to unforeseen constraints presented by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Upheaval during the pandemic has resulted in a deep sense of grief leaving people in an unpredictable cycle of losing control and attempting to regain it. But, guess what? Researchers also have been experiencing the highs and lows of the pandemic and haven't been immune to the fulcrum of loss and unexpected buoyancy. In sensing the importance of the moment, a group of researchers came together to learn how people around the world were adjusting and coping, and to anticipate how adaptations in contexts, habits, and tools may lead to enduring changes in everyday life.On Being Well in a Time of Hell is a bricolage from Brazil, Indonesia, and the United States told through diary entries, photos, and drawings that bounce from despair to moments of unexpected connection, creativity, and sometimes, believe it or not, joy. Through gathering as a community of researchers, reflecting on the rich stories of our participants, and owning our process of loss and resilience, our insights about what the future may hold illustrate how we make meaning from experiences and how innovative tools enable those experiences.
The federalism dimension of proportionality
Authors: Steinbach Armin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEU Treaties contain an arsenal of purpose‐defined and ambiguous competences that are enjoyed by EU institutions, yet devote little attention to the restraining impact of EU competences on Member States' autonomy and policies. While the focus has traditionally been on subsidiarity to deal with competence issues, the judgment of the Bundesverfassungsgericht in Weiss revitalises the discussion on the potential of proportionality to guide competence issues. This inquiry seeks to highlight both the existing traces of competence proportionality employed by the Court to allocate competences as well as the potential of the proportionality standard to temper the spillovers on Member States' autonomy accruing from the exercise of EU competences. While the Treaty restricts proportionality to reviewing the use (not existence) of EU competences, the Court has implicitly employed proportionality considerations to verify the existence of EU competences. In addition, drawing from established case law, competence proportionality assessments could rely on an effect‐based substantive review in combination with procedural duties allowing a meaningful balancing of national autonomy against the dynamics of deeper integration.
Cystic calculus in a mare due to a misplaced uterine glass marble
Authors: Orozco D. , Ortiz S. , Fischer A. T. 
Published: December 2021

SummaryA 9‐year‐old Quarter Horse mare was referred for evaluation of continuous oestrus, polyuria and suspected pyometra after a glass marble was placed in the uterus by the owner. Palpation per rectum and transrectal ultrasonography confirmed the presence of a spherical object, but it was not possible to discern whether it was located within the lumen of the uterus or urinary bladder. Thus, an endoscopic examination of both uterus and bladder was carried out and a spherical, spiculated surface urolith was found on the floor of the bladder. The cystic urolith with suspected marble core was removed using a 12‐mm specimen retrieval bag with endoscopic guidance. Follow‐up with the owner one month after discharge revealed that the mare had not shown any signs of discomfort while urinating nor signs of oestrus.
An English teaching quality evaluation model based on Gaussian process machine learning
Authors: Qi Shi , Liu Lei , Kumar B. Santhosh , Prathik A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe efficiency of conventional English teaching quality evaluation is comparatively small, and evaluation statistics are challenging. To investigate the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in teacher teaching assessment, a machine learning algorithm is proposed to create a teaching evaluation model suitable for the current educational model to assist colleges and universities in overcoming existing teaching challenges.ObjectivesThe proposed Machine learning‐based Gaussian process model (MLGPM) improves the student's language skills. The proposed model uses Gaussian mixed model to express the circulation features of samples and enhances the support vector machine. Therefore, this paper suggests an active learning algorithm that, in association with Gaussian mixed model and sparse Bayesian learning, strategically chooses and labels samples to construct a classifier that syndicates the distribution characteristics of the samples. As a result, the accuracy of a considered quality index for English classrooms is verified, and the quality and control of English as a foreign language can be enhanced.ResultsThe experiment results show that the model presented in this study is effective and beneficial when assessing the efficiency of teaching in universities and analyzing big data sets.ConclusionThe simulation analysis with student performance improvement in English teaching quality using machine learning high fluency rate of 95.3, high accuracy ratio of 98.1%, improve vocabulary prediction ratio of 94.6%, improve passage prediction ratio of 92.7%, enhance learning rate of 95.2%, reduce the error rate of 24.1%, F1‐score of 91.5% and assessment score of 92.1% when compared with other methods.
CPP: A content‐aware privacy protection method for location‐based service
Authors: Liu Jiabang , Jiang Xutong , Zhang Song , Liu Bowen , Dou Wanchun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGenerally, a location‐based service (LBS) often contains the location attribute, content attribute, time‐stamp, and range. From the perspective of privacy protection, the location attribute and the content attribute are the key attributes and need to be protected. However, existing privacy protection methods focus excessively on the location attribute and ignore the content attribute contained in the LBS, which discloses the user's private information. In view of this challenge, a content‐aware privacy protection method, called the CPP method that considers the content attribute is proposed. Specifically, the CPP method is based on using k‐anonymity to generate dummy content attributes to protect the private content. As is shown in an experiment constructed on real‐world data, the CPP method can indeed improve the effect of privacy protection.
Improved detection of small objects in road network sequences using CNN and super resolution
Authors: García‐Aguilar Iván , Luque‐Baena Rafael Marcos , López‐Rubio Ezequiel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe detection of small objects is one of the problems present in deep learning due to the context of the scene or the low number of pixels of the objects to be detected. According to these problems, current pre‐trained models based on convolutional neural networks usually give a poor average precision, highlighting some as CenterNet HourGlass104 with a mean average precision of 25.6%, or SSD‐512 with 9%. This work focuses on the detection of small objects. In particular, our proposal aims to vehicle detection from images captured by video surveillance cameras with pre‐trained models without modifying their structures, so it does not require retraining the network to improve the detection rate of the elements. For better performance, a technique has been developed which, starting from certain initial regions, detects a higher number of objects and improves their class inference without modifying or retraining the network. The neural network is integrated with processes that are in charge of increasing the resolution of the images to improve the object detection performance. This solution has been tested for a set of traffic images containing elements of different scales to check the efficiency depending on the detections obtained by the model. Our proposal achieves good results in a wide range of situations, obtaining, for example, an average score of 45.1% with the EfficientDet‐D4 model for the first video sequence, compared to the 24.3% accuracy initially provided by the pre‐trained model.
Effects of artificial light at night on fishes: A synthesis with future research priorities
Authors: Bassi Arshpreet , Love Oliver P. , Cooke Steven J. , Warriner Theresa R. , Harris Christopher M. , Madliger Christine L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNearly all organisms rely on natural fluctuations of light as cues for synchronizing physiological processes and behavioural actions associated with foraging, growth, sleep and rest, reproduction, and migration. Consequently, although artificial lighting sources have provided a plethora of benefits for humans, they can lead to disruptions for wild organisms. With one quarter of the human population living within 100 km of coastlines, there is great potential for artificial light at night (ALAN) to influence the physiology, behaviour and fitness of fishes. Through a review of the literature (n = 584 publications focused on the effects of ALAN on individual organisms or ecosystems), we illustrate that most papers have concentrated on terrestrial species (59%) compared with aquatic species (20%) or a mixed approach (21%). Fishes have been underrepresented in comparison with many other taxa such as birds, insects and mammals, representing the focus of less than 8% of taxa‐specific publications. While the number of publications per year focusing on fishes has generally been increasing since the mid‐2000s, there has been a downturn in publication rate in the last few years. To understand where research related to ALAN in fishes has been focused, we partitioned studies into categories and found that publications have mostly concerned behaviour (41.0%), abundance and community structure (24.4%), and physiology (22.8%), while the longer‐term effects on fitness (6.9%) are lacking. We synthesize the research completed in fishes and outline future priorities that will help ascertain the short‐ and long‐term consequences of this relatively novel stressor for fish health and persistence.
A predatory waterbird as a vector of plant seeds and aquatic invertebrates
Authors: Navarro‐Ramos Maria J. , Green Andy J. , Lovas‐Kiss Adam , Roman Jacinto , Brides Kane , van Leeuwen Casper H. A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOmnivorous waterbirds play an important role in aquatic ecosystems as dispersal vectors via direct ingestion, transportation, and egestion of plant and invertebrate propagules (i.e. endozoochory). Predatory birds also have the potential to disperse plants and invertebrates that were first carried internally or externally by their prey animals. However, the potential contribution of predatory waterbird species to propagule dispersal in aquatic ecosystems remains understudied.We chose the grey heronArdea cinerea(Ardeidae) to study the potential of predatory waterbirds to disperse propagules within and among aquatic ecosystems. We hypothesised that: (1) herons disperse a wide variety of plant and invertebrate propagules, from different habitats, with different morphologies (i.e. dispersal syndromes), and including both native and alien species; (2) propagules are ingested with prey species that are primary dispersal vectors (i.e., herons are secondary dispersers); (3) heron pellets show a similar abundance and richness of propagules across their widespread range. We collected 73 regurgitated heron pellets containing undigestible remains from 12 locations across the U.K. and The Netherlands, and examined the taxonomic diversity of plant seeds, invertebrates and prey remains.Pellets were dominated by mammal hairs (99% by volume), and bones confirmed the ingestion of small mammals (prevalence of 38%, e.g. water volesArvicola amphibius), fish (14%), and birds or amphibians (6%). A total of 266 intact plant seeds were recovered from 71% of the pellets, representing 50 taxa from 17 plant families, including the alienCotula coronopifolia. The cumulative number of plant species dispersed was lower at higher latitudes. Eight plant species recorded had not previously been recorded as dispersed via waterbirds, and only three species have anendozoochorous dispersal syndrome. Plant taxa were dominated by Caryophyllaceae, Cyperaceae, Juncaceae, and Poaceae, with 24 species from the littoral zone (Ellenberg moisture values of 7–12) and 21 terrestrial species (Ellenberg moisture values of 4–6). Intact invertebrate propagules were found in 30% of the pellets, dominated by Cladocera (Daphniidae) and Bryozoa (including the alienPlumatella casmiana).Our results demonstrate that grey herons disperse plant seeds and aquatic invertebrates widely in north‐western Europe. Herons regurgitate pellets that contain plant and invertebrate propagules from both aquatic or terrestrial habitats, for which secondary dispersal via ingestion along with prey is the likely underlying mechanism (i.e. propagules either attached to or in the digestive systems of the various prey). Our findings showcase the potential of predatory waterbirds as vectors of plants and invertebrates, and how they may facilitate connectivity between freshwater and terrestrial habitats.
How do we best synergize climate mitigation actions to co‐benefit biodiversity?
Authors: Smith Pete , Arneth Almut , Barnes David K. A. , Ichii Kazuhito , Marquet Pablo A. , Popp Alexander , Pörtner Hans‐Otto , Rogers Alex D. , Scholes Robert J. , Strassburg Bernardo , Wu Jianguo , Ngo Hien 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA multitude of actions to protect, sustainably manage and restore natural and modified ecosystems can have co‐benefits for both climate mitigation and biodiversity conservation. Reducing greenhouse emissions to limit warming to less than 1.5 or 2°C above preindustrial levels, as outlined in the Paris Agreement, can yield strong co‐benefits for land, freshwater and marine biodiversity and reduce amplifying climate feedbacks from ecosystem changes. Not all climate mitigation strategies are equally effective at producing biodiversity co‐benefits, some in fact are counterproductive. Moreover, social implications are often overlooked within the climate‐biodiversity nexus. Protecting biodiverse and carbon‐rich natural environments, ecological restoration of potentially biodiverse and carbon‐rich habitats, the deliberate creation of novel habitats, taking into consideration a locally adapted and meaningful (i.e. full consequences considered) mix of these measures, can result in the most robust win‐win solutions. These can be further enhanced by avoidance of narrow goals, taking long‐term views and minimizing further losses of intact ecosystems. In this review paper, we first discuss various climate mitigation actions that evidence demonstrates can negatively impact biodiversity, resulting in unseen and unintended negative consequences. We then examine climate mitigation actions that co‐deliver biodiversity and societal benefits. We give examples of these win‐win solutions, categorized as ‘protect, restore, manage and create’, in different regions of the world that could be expanded, upscaled and used for further innovation.
Effectiveness of an oral health education programme using a mobile application for older adults: A randomised clinical trial
Authors: Lee Kyeong Hee , Choi Yoon Young , Jung Eun Seo 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness of an oral health education programme using a mobile app for adults aged 65 years or older.MethodsParticipants aged 65 or older were randomly allocated into non‐app use (n = 25), app use (n = 22) and control (n = 26) groups. The non‐app use group received lecture‐based oral health education using PowerPoint presentations and participated in workbook activities twice a week for five weeks, whereas the app use group underwent oral health education using a smartphone app and workbook activities for five weeks. Before and after the intervention, a questionnaire survey and oral health examination were performed to examine changes in oral health‐related indices.ResultsThe non‐app use group showed significant changes, with a 2.1 increase in oral health knowledge score, 0.2 decrease in the O’Leary index and 0.6 decrease in tongue coating. The app use group showed significant changes, with a 3.1 increase in oral health knowledge score, a 2.5 increase in oral health perception, a 0.3 decrease in the O’Leary index and a 1.4 decrease in tongue coating. Repeated‐measures ANOVA showed that interaction between time and group was significant only in tongue coating variable.ConclusionThe smartphone app developed in this study carries the possibility to convey informative content for oral health education among older adults.
Rethinking how we work with Acker's theory of gendered organizations: An abductive approach for feminist empirical research
Authors: Bates Trudy 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this article I demonstrate the methodological value of working abductively with Joan Acker's theory of gendered organizations, as an approach for feminist empirical research. Although the value of Acker's theory is acknowledged, I note it is most frequently used to legitimize the idea that organizations are gendered, not to test whether they are. Few use her theory fully or as it was originally intended. Fewer still have questioned it. This, I argue, contributes to the stagnation of her ideas and results in blindness toward, or disregard for, data that does not support her theory. To realize the analytical potential of Acker's theory, I call for future studies to work abductively with data unaccounted for in the expectations and predictions set by Acker, while operationalizing her five‐dimensional framework in its entirety. Abduction is about discovering new concepts, ideas, and explanations by working with surprising phenomena or data that cannot be explained by pre‐existing knowledge. To demonstrate the utility of this approach, I draw upon a qualitative case study of one atypical Australian trade union. I outline the creative process of drawing inferences to best explain anomalous observations using other theoretical resources in the gender studies field, which together with Acker, constitute a plausible explanation for questions that arose during analysis. This analysis not only surfaces how masculine power is maintained by having women in leadership positions, who serve as “role models” while quieting “others,” but that women and men cooperated as a “team” to support a feminine public impression of the union that was knowingly contradicted in private, indicating a more “truthful” performance.
Exploring the domestic division of labor when both parents are involuntarily working from home: The effects of the UK COVID pandemic
Authors: Garcia Reece 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs part of the UK's response to the COVID pandemic many co‐habiting parents simultaneously began working from home, often involuntarily, potentially disrupting established divisions of domestic labor. Through 30 qualitative interviews with 15 heterosexual dual‐earning parents, this article explores the extent and nature of changes in respective labor allocations following the transition to home working. The data reveals that both women and men increased their time spent on domestic labor, though typically men's changes were insufficient to overturn pre‐existing unequal divisions, and women were more likely to reduce their employment hours to “better” balance caring and housework responsibilities. Men were also likely to see their increased domestic contributions as temporary during these exceptional circumstances with evidence of couples “doing” gender. Where partners did transition toward greater egalitarianism, men were actively taking ownership of new unpaid tasks and adapting their (gendered) familial identities as their work and family roles changed.