bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Illicit Drug Use among Adolescents: A Public Perception of Influencing Factors in Owerri, Nigeria
Authors: Ogu Udochukwu Ugochukwu , Ezumah Nkoli , Odii Aloysius , Uguru Nkolika P. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIllicit drug use among adolescents has become a public health concern which cuts across all social strata. This study explored the public perception of factors that influence illicit drug use among adolescents in Owerri, Nigeria. MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional research design was used. The study adopted a mixed-method approach comprising quantitative and qualitative methods and was carried out in Owerri metropolis of Imo State, Nigeria. The research instruments used for data collection were questionnaires and in-depth interview guide. The target population comprised adults 18 years and above residing in the area of interest at the time of the study. For the qualitative method, a total of 10 communities were selected randomly by balloting and availability sampling was employed in the selection of respondents. Respondents for the qualitative method were purposively selected.ResultsIn the quantitative study, just over half of the respondents, from across the three areas in Owerri metropolis, asserted that peer influence, emotional/relationship problems, wanting to feel ‘high’ are factors influencing adolescent consumption of illicit drugs whereas the qualitative study found family background, ‘unique’ experience such as the death of a loved one etc. as factors influencing adolescents’ illicit drug use. The quantitative results showed that persons with a higher level of education are more likely than those with a lower level of education to perceive a significant difference in drug use between in – school and out – of – school adolescents. ConclusionsPeer influence, emotional/relationship problems and the influence of media (especially the social media), among several other identified reasons, are perceived by the public as factors that influence adolescents’ use of illicit drugs. Some of the factors identified by the public are either not supported by evidence or are against evidence. As a means to curb some of these factors, the communities, schools and universities should formulate contextual policies to prevent drug use and should also hold seminars for parents and families to alert them early to the symptoms of drug use in their children.
Potassium Phosphite Modulated the Soil Microbiome and Enriched the Antagonistic Bacteria Streptomyces Coelicoflavus and Paenibacillus Favisporus to Inhibit the Tomato Pathogen Ralstonia Solanacearum Synergistically
Authors: Su Lv , Mo Xingxia , Sun Juan , Qiu Pengfei , Zhang Ruifu , Kuramae Eiko E. , Shen Biao , Shen Qirong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Application of certain agricultural chemicals could modulate the soil microbiome and induce potential antagonistic microbes. However, the specific selective effects of agricultural chemicals on soil bacterial functions and their co-occurrences are not well understood, and no studies have verified that the enriched potential antagonistic microbes could enhance the antagonistic functions of the soil microbiome.Results: Here, the effects of potassium phosphite (KP), an environment-friendly agricultural chemical, on the soil bacterial composition, co-occurrences and antagonistic functions were determined, and the potential antagonistic bacteria against the tomato bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum were isolated to test their functions and associations among these strains. Our results showed that application of KP enriched Bacillus, Paenibacillus and Streptomyces. The positive links among the OTUs belonging to these genera were increased, and positive associations between these OTUs and predicted genes related to antagonistic substance production were revealed. Two strains, Streptomyces coelicoflavus F13 and Paenibacillus favisporus Y7, were isolated, and they inhibited the growth of R. solanacearum. Genomic sequencing showed that both strains harboured streptomycin synthetic genes, and P. favisporus Y7 also contained surfactin synthetic gene cluster. Synergistic inhibition of R. solanacearum growth by P. favisporus Y7 and S. coelicoflavus F13 was observed in soil. Genome-scale metabolic modelling showed that dextrin and lactic acid were potential cross-feeding metabolites. In addition, the KP-modulated soil microbiome could suppress R. solanacearum growth. Conclusions: Our results highlight that a KP-modulated soil microbiome has considerable potential for biocontrol and indicate a new mechanism for the inhibition of R. solanacearum by KP-enriched soil bacteria.
Reshaping the Gut Microbiome in An Apc-Mutant Genetic Background: Mechanistic Insights From Integrated Multi-Omics
Authors: Chen Ying-Shiuan , Li Jia , Menon Rani , Jayaraman Arul , Lee Kyongbum , Huang Yun , Dashwood Wan Mohaiza , Zhang Ke , Sun Deqiang , Dashwood Roderick 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Complex interrelationships govern the dynamic interactions between gut microbes, the host, and exogenous drivers of disease outcome. A multi-omic approach to cancer prevention by spinach was pursued in the polyposis in rat colon (Pirc) model of colorectal cancer. Results: Spinach fed for 26 weeks (10% w/w, freeze-dried in the diet) exhibited significant antitumor efficacy in the Pirc model and, despite the Apc-mutant genetic background, no changes were detected in b-catenin protein expression. To provide mechanistic leads, we performed 16S rRNA sequencing of the gut microbiome and unbiased transcriptomic analyses of colon polyps and matched normal-looking tissues. For dietary spinach intervention groups, increased microbiome diversity coincided with reversal of taxonomic composition in both wild type and Apc-mutant rats. Metagenomic prediction implicated linoleate and butanoate metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and pathways in cancer, which was supported by mechanistic leads from metabolomic analyses. Specifically, anticancer outcomes were linked to several spinach-derived linoleate bioactives with known anti-inflammatory and proapoptotic mechanisms, as well as N-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate changes that were consistent with altered butanoate metabolism stemming from the increased a-diversity of the gut microbiome. On the other hand, L-glutamate and N-acetylneuraminate were reduced markedly in colon tumors from spinach-fed rats, implicating deregulated mitochondrial energetics and altered cell surface glycans involved in oncogenic signaling networks, immune evasion, and other pathways in cancer.Conclusions: Tumor suppression by dietary spinach was observed for the first time in the Apc-mutant Pirc model, and was independent of the mechanistic targeting of b-catenin. Marked reshaping of the gut microbiome in spinach-fed rats occurred along with changes in host transcriptomics and RNA-miRNA networks. Metabolomics provided mechanistic support for linoleate and butanoate metabolism, which are both strongly linked to anticancer outcomes in the colon. Tumor-associated changes in L-glutamate and N-acetylneuraminate warrant further investigation in the context of synthetic lethality and circumventing deregulated signaling networks in colorectal cancer patients.
Conversation from anti-ferromagnetic Mn­Br2 to ferromagnetic Mn­3Br8 monolayer with large MAE
Authors: Hu Yan , Jin Shuo , Luo Zhifen , Zeng Hanghang , Wang Jiahui , Fan Xiao-Li 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A pressing need in low energy spintronics is two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnets with Curie temperature above the liquid-Nitrogen temperature (77K), sizeable magnetic anisotropy. We studied Mn3Br8 monolayer which is obtained via inducing Mn vacancy at 1/4 population in MnBr2 monolayer. Such defective configuration is designed to change the coordination structure of the Mn-d5, to achieve ferromagnetism with sizeable magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE). Our calculations show that Mn3Br8 monolayer is a ferromagnetic (FM) half-metal and has Curie temperature of 130K, large MAE of -2.33 meV per formula unit, atomic magnetic moment of 13/3µB. Additionally, Mn3Br8 monolayer maintains to be FM under small biaxial strain, whose Curie temperature under 5% compressive strain is 160K. Additionally, both biaxial strain and carrier doping make the MAE increase, which mainly contributed by the magneto-crystalline anisotropy energy (MCE). Our designed defective structure of MnBr2 monolayer provides a simple but effective way to achieve ferromagnetism with large MAE in 2D materials.
Emergence of DIM-1 and KPC-1 Genes Associated Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolates in Three Major Hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam (2010-2015)
Authors: Anh Tran Hai , Hoang Tran Huy , Bich Vu Thi Ngoc , Tung Trinh Son , Linh Tran Dieu , My Pham Ha , Hanh Ngo Thi Hong , Thao Nguyen Minh , Duong Tran Nhu , Thai Pham Duy , Anh Dang Duc , Shibayama Keigo , Suzuki Masato , Yoshida Lay-Myint , Trinh Hong Son , Thanh Le Viet , Thom Vu Phuong , Nga Luu Thi Vu , Bañuls Anne-Laure , Linh Trinh Khanh , Anh Tran Van , Doorn H Rogier van 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Multidrug-resistant bacteria including carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa are recognised as an important cause of hospital-acquired infections worldwide. To determine the molecular characterisation and antibiotic resistant genes associated with carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa. Methods: we conducted whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 72 carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolated from hospital-acquired infection patients from 2010 to 2015 in three major hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam. Results: We identified three variants of IMP genes, among which IMP-15 gene was the most frequent (n= 34) in comparison to IMP-26 (n= 2) and IMP-51 (n=12). We observed two isolates with imipenem MIC >128mg/L that co-harboured IMP-15 and DIM-1 genes and seven isolates (imipenem MIC> 128mg/L) with KPC-1 gene from the same hospital. MLST data showed that sequence types (ST) of 72 isolates were classified into 18 STs and phylogenetic tree analysis divided these isolates into nine groups. Conclusion: Our results provide evidence that not only IMP-26, but other variants of IMPs like IMP-15 and IMP-51 genes and several STs (ST235, ST244, ST277, ST310, ST773 and ST3151) have been disseminated in health care settings in Vietnam. Also, we report the first finding in Vietnam that two isolates belonging to ST1240 and ST3340 harboured two important carbapenemase genes (IMP-15 and, DIM-1) and seven isolates belonging to ST3151 of P. aeruginosa carried the KPC-1 gene, which could be a potential cause of seriously restricted available treatment options in healthcare settings.
Slowing deforestation in Indonesia follows declining oil palm expansion and lower oil prices
Authors: Gaveau David , Locatelli Bruno , Salim Mohammad , Husnayaen Husnayaen , Manurung Timer , Descals Adrià , Angelsen Arild , Meijaard Erik , Sheil Douglas 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Much concern about tropical deforestation focuses on oil palm plantations, but their impacts remain poorly quantified. Using satellites, we estimated annual expansion of large-scale (industrial) and smallholder oil palm plantations and their overlap with forest loss from 2001 to 2019 in Indonesia, the world’s largest palm oil producer.Over nineteen years, the area under oil palm doubled, reaching 16.24 million hectares (Mha) in 2019 (64% industrial; 36% smallholder), more than official estimates of 14.72 Mha. This expansion was responsible for nearly one-third (2.85 Mha) of Indonesia’s loss of old-growth forests (9.79 Mha). Industrial plantations were associated with three times as much forest conversion as smallholder plantings (2.13 Mha vs 0.72 Mha). New plantations peaked in 2009 and 2012 and declined thereafter. Deforestation peaked in 2016 and fell below pre-2004 levels in 2017-2019. Expansion of industrial plantations and forest loss were correlated with palm oil prices. A price decline of 1% was associated with a 1.08% decrease in new industrial plantations and with a 0.68% decrease of forest loss. This slow-down provides an opportunity for the Indonesian government to focus on details of sustainable oil palm management. If prices rise, effective regulations will remain key to minimising deforestation.
Integrated Small RNA Sequencing, Transcriptome, and GWAS Data Reveal miRNA Regulation in Response to Milk Protein Traits in Chinese Holstein Cattle
Authors: Cai Wentao , Li Cong , Li Junya , Song Jiuzhou , Zhang Shengli 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Milk protein is one of the most important economic traits in the milk industry. Our previous study has revealed some functional genes responsible for milk protein synthesis in mammals. Yet, the miRNA-mediated gene regulatory network for the synthesis of milk protein in mammary is poorly understood. Results: 12 samples from Chinese Holstein Cows with three too high and three low phenotypic values for milk protein percentage in lactation and non-lactating were examined through deep small RNA sequencing. By bioinformatics analysis, we characterized 387 known and 212 novel miRNAs in the mammary gland. Differentially expressed analysis detected 28 miRNAs in lactation and 52 miRNAs in the non-lactating period with a highly significant correlation with milk protein concentration. Target prediction and correlation analysis identified some key miRNAs and their targets potentially involved in the synthesis of milk protein. Using genome-wide association signal (GWAS) enrichment analysis among five milk production traits, we found the differentially expressed targets were significantly related to milk protein traits.Conclusions: This integrated study on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory profiles between significantly differential phenotype of milk protein concentration provides new insights into the mechanism of milk protein synthesis, which should reveal the regulatory mechanisms of milk secretion.
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Verification of Dry Pressed MgTiO3&nbsp;Ceramic Body during Pressureless Sintering
Authors: Wang Jiang , Ni Yu , Liu Kai , Du Yanying , Liu Wei , Wang Zijian , Huang Shangyu , Sun Huajun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
To clarify the densification law of dry pressed MgTiO3 ceramic body during pressureless sintering, SOVS model modified with creep characteristics was embedded into finite element software Abaqus. The selected model can effectively express the grain boundary characteristics and densification mechanism. The change law of relative density, shrinkage rate, sintering stress and grain size of MgTiO3 cylindrical specimens were investigated by the above numerical simulation method. It showed that the average relative density of ceramic body rose from 60% to 97% and the shrinkage rate resepectively reached 17.28% and 11.99% in axial and radial direction. The average grain size increased from 1μm to 6 μm. In order to verify the accuracy of the simulation results, corresponding sintering experiments on cylindrical specimens were carried out to obtain actual sintering densities and shrinkage rates. It showed that the errors of relative density and shrinkage is below 5% and 2%. Grain growth trend was also basically consistent with the simulation results. After that, the above numerical simulation method was applied into the prediction of fabricating MgTiO3 filter with complex structure. Therefore, the present work provided a reliable numerical simulation method to predict the densification behavior of MgTiO3 ceramics during the pressureless sintering process, which was helpful to design and fabricate microwave dielectric products.
Study on Simulation Method of Virtual Material for Modal Characteristics of Steel-BFPC Joint Surface
Authors: Shen Jiaxing , Chen Yu , Xu Ping , Zhang Xing-Yuan , Yu Ying-Hua , Li Xiao-Jing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Basalt fiber polymer concrete (BFPC) machine tool has the properties of lightweight and high damping, and the BFPC machine tool has excellent vibration damping and anti-vibration performance, which can improve the processing performance of the machine tool. There are many steel-BFPC jointsurfaces in the machine tool, and thesejoint surfaceshavea key influence on the dynamic performance such as the modal performance of the machine tool. In order to establish a virtual material simulation analysis method for modal characteristics of steel-BFPC joint surface, the detection principle of contact parameters of steel-BFPC joint surface was studied by using forced vibration theory, and the contact parameter detection experiment of steel-BFPC joint surface was designed. The virtual material model of BFPC joint surface was established, and the theoretical formulas of equivalent elastic modulus and equivalent shear modulus were derived based on the identified parameters of the BFPC joint surface. For the correctness of the analysis theory, a BFPC bed was taken as an example to study the modal performance of the BFPC bed by means of experiment and virtual material simulation analysis, respectively. The results of simulation analysis were compared with the experimental results. The results show that the maximum error of thenatural frequency is only 6.23%, and the modes of each order are consistent, which prove the effectiveness and accuracy of the virtual material simulation analysis method.
Strong and tunable anti-CRISPR/Cas9 activity of AcrIIA4 in plants
Authors: Calvache Camilo , Vazquéz-Vilar Marta , Selma Sara , Uranga Mireia , Daròs José-Antonio , Orzáez Diego 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This study describes the strong anti-CRISPR activity of the bacterial AcrIIA4 protein in Nicotiana benthamiana, a model plant used as molecular farming platform. The results demonstrate that AcrIIA4 abolishes site-directed mutagenesis in leaves when transiently co-expressed with CRISPR/Cas9. We also show that AcrIIA4 represses CRISPR/dCas9-based transcriptional activation (CRISPRa) of both reporter and endogenous genes in a highly efficient, dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the fusion of an auxin degron to AcrIIA4 results in auxin-regulated activation of a downstream reporter gene. The strong anti-Cas9 activity of AcrIIA4 reported here opens new possibilities for customized control of gene editing and gene expression in plants.
Origin of gem-quality barite at Jebel Ouichane district in Nador, Morocco: implications from integrated fluid inclusions, stable isotopes, and geochemistry
Authors: Dumańska-Słowik Magdalena , Beata Naglik , Toboła Tomasz , Powolny Tomasz , Huber Miłosz , Milovska Stanislava , Dobosz Natalia , Guzik Kamil 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Light-blue barite from Jebel Ouichane in Morocco forms blade-like tabular crystals (up to ca. 10 cm) with superb transparency and lustre. It represents one of the most spectacular gem-quality specimens in the world. The barite is hosted by iron-ore-bearing skarns, developed within Jurassic-Cretaceous limestones, and occurs in close spatial association with calcite. Although it exhibits simple chemical composition, some irregular sectorial zoning, maintained by elevated contents of Sr in various crystal domains, were found. Barite from Ouichane is abundant in one phase (liquid or gas) or two-phase (liquid-gas) fluid inclusions of primary, pseudosecondary, and secondary origin. A combination of fluid inclusion microthermometry and stable isotope data suggest that δ18O value of barite-forming solutions, resulting from mixing of meteoric waters with hydrothermal fluids, could be in the range from -3,5‰ to +2,7 ‰ (VSMOW), whereas the main barite crystallization stage falls in the temperatures range of 160-180 °C. The recorded first ice melting temperatures (-35.9 to -41.5 ºC) indicate the presence of divalent cations, i.e. Ca2+and Mg2+ in addition to NaCl ± KCl in the mineralizing fluid composition. The possible source of SO42- and Ba2+, which gave rise to the barite formation was fluid enriched in Ba, Sr, Ca, Mg, S, and other elements derived from the alteration of carbonate and silicate minerals, being components of sedimentary and igneous rocks found in the surroundings of Nador area. Necessary amounts of sulphur could be in turn provided by weathering of pyrite and/or decomposition of organosulphur compounds. The combination of δ34S and δ18O values of barite (+16.39‰ and 6.71‰, respectively) indicate that its formation occurred in a steam-heated (near-surface) environment.
Honeycomb Wet Scrubber For Acidic Gas Control: Modeling And Long-term Test Results&nbsp;
Authors: Le Thi-Cuc , Hong Gung-Hwa , Lin Guan-Yu , Li Ziyi , Pui David Y.H. , Liou Yi-Ling , Wang Bing-Tsai , Tsai Chuen-Jinn 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A laboratory scale, 1.0 CMM wet scrubber packed with water-absorbing honeycomb material (HWS) with a very large geometric surface area of 480 m2 m-3 and a low pressure drop developed in our previous study was shown to achieve a very high removal efficiency for gaseous acidic gases but there were no long-term test data. In this study, the HWS scaled up to operate at 100 CMM flow rate was tested for removing mixed acidic gases at a semiconductor fab for a very long period of 3.5 years. Results showed that the removal efficiency for the mixed gases emitted from the fab always maintained as high as > 95% for HF, CH3COOH, HCl, HNO3, HNO2, and H2SO4 with the inlet concentrations ranging from supper-ppmv to sub-ppmv, respectively, during 3.5-yr period. With water jet cleaning of the honeycomb modules once per year, the pressure drop of the HWS remained to be very low at 0.5-0.8 cmH2O, indicating minimal scaling in the HWS existed. Additionally, the predicted height and removal efficiencies of the HWS were very close to the experimental data. The excellent long-term performance of the HWS warrants its potential applications in many areas in which liquid absorption is the preferred treatment method and the theoretical equations can facilitate the design of the HWS.
How About Effect of Lithium Carbonate on Preventive Switch Induced by Antidepressants in Patients With Depressive Episode? Chinese Data Analysis
Authors: Lv Wangqiang , Hejian Tao , Fengli Sun , Weidong Jin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Although mania or hypomania was defined as indispensable for bipolar disorder, depressive episodes are more common and impairing, with proven response to treatments.So the prevention switch was a important affair in clinical psychiatryMethods: We searched CBM, CNKI, WANFANG and CSSCI in Chinese to find literature from July 1 2000 to July 31 2020 related to the study in model of “comparison of switch rate between combination treatment of lithium and antidepressant and monotherapy of antidepressant in patients with depressive episode”, among which results such as comments, letters, reviews and case reports were excluded. The rate of switch between groups was synthesized and discussed. Result: A total of 695 subjects were included in 9 studies. Random effect model is used to account for the data by Revman 5.2. The results showed that the switch rate of lithium carbonate was 8.28%(29/350),switch rate of antidepressant was 25.29%(87/344), which was very different in switch rate(OR=0.25, 95% CI: 0.16–0.39) and also indicated that lithium reduced switch rate was 67.25%(25.29%-8.28%/25.29%). In bipolar depression group, lithium reduced switch rate was 68.11%(25.84%-8.24%/25.84%). In depression group, lithium reduced switch rate was 67.34%(25.29%-8.26%/25.29%). In group of patients treated by SSRI, lithium reduced switch rate was 60.3%(29.85%-11.85%/29.85%).In group of patients treated by TCA, lithium reduced switch rate was 73.14%(22.28%-6.01%/22.28%). Conclusion: As typical mood stabilizer, lithium carbonate can reduced switch rate related to antidepressant in patients with depressive episode.