bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VR Pedestrian Simulator Studies at Home: Comparing Google Cardboards to Simulators in the Lab and Reality
Authors: Maruhn Philipp 
Published: December 2021

Virtual Reality is commonly applied as a tool for analyzing pedestrian behavior in a safe and controllable environment. Most such studies use high-end hardware such as Cave Automatic Virtual Environments (CAVEs), although, more recently, consumer-grade head-mounted displays have also been used to present these virtual environments. The aim of this study is first of all to evaluate the suitability of a Google Cardboard as low-cost alternative, and then to test subjects in their home environment. Testing in a remote setting would ultimately allow more diverse subject samples to be recruited, while also facilitating experiments in different regions, for example, investigations of cultural differences. A total of 60 subjects (30 female and 30 male) were provided with a Google Cardboard. Half of the sample performed the experiment in a laboratory at the university, the other half at home without an experimenter present. The participants were instructed to install a mobile application to their smartphones, which guided them through the experiment, contained all the necessary questionnaires, and presented the virtual environment in conjunction with the Cardboard. In the virtual environment, the participants stood at the edge of a straight road, on which two vehicles approached with gaps of 1–5 s and at speeds of either 30 or 50 km/h. Participants were asked to press a button to indicate whether they considered the gap large enough to be able to cross safely. Gap acceptance and the time between the first vehicle passing and the button being pressed were recorded and compared with data taken from other simulators and from a real-world setting on a test track. A Bayesian approach was used to analyze the data. Overall, the results were similar to those obtained with the other simulators. The differences between the two Cardboard test conditions were marginal, but equivalence could not be demonstrated with the evaluation method used. It is worth mentioning, however, that in the home setting with no experimenter present, significantly more data points had to be treated or excluded from the analysis.
Barriers, Attitudes, and Influences Towards Dietary Intake Amongst Elite Rugby Union Players
Authors: Sharples A. M. , Galloway Stuart D. , Baker D. , Smith Brett , Black Katherine 
Published: December 2021

Background: Dietary intakes can impact an athletes health and performance. Although evidence exists about what an athlete should eat, an athlete's nutritional intake is influenced by many factors. The limited research available suggests the main barriers preventing optimal nutritional intakes reported by athletes are lack of time, food accessibility, poor cooking skills, costs, taste, and time spent in “off-season.” Although these factors have been shown to influence dietary intake they remain relatively unexplored in Rugby Union. This study aimed to describe the nutritional influences on dietary intake amongst Rugby Union player's.Methods: This was a qualitative study utilising in person individual interviews with all participants. Participants were Rugby Union players (n = 30) for either a Super Rugby franchise or one of their development squads in New Zealand. Participant's undertook recorded face to face interviews, which were later transcribed. A thematic approach was used to code the transcripts by the primary coder and the themes were subsequently evaluated by the research team.Results: Childhood upbringing, organisational skills, time and food security also emerged as barriers. Body composition and sport nutrition knowledge emerged as both barriers and enablers to nutritional intake. Influence on performance was an enabler to optimal dietary intake. Fully professional rugby players have access to dietitians, whereas development and semi-professional rugby players only have limited if any access, and they were more likely to seek nutritional information via social media.Conclusion: This study suggests a need for greater nutrition education at developmental levels with an emphasis on affordable food choices, meal planning and skills for interpreting online nutrition information.
Quantification of Ki67 Change as a Valid Prognostic Indicator of Luminal B Type Breast Cancer After Neoadjuvant Therapy
Authors: Tan Shirong , Fu Xin , Xu Shouping , Qiu Pengfei , Lv Zhidong , Xu Yingying , Zhang Qiang 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Ki67 value and its variation before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy are commonly tested in relation to breast cancer patient prognosis. This study aims to quantify the extent of changes in Ki67 proliferation pre- and post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy, confirm an optimal cut-off point, and evaluate its potential value for predicting survival outcomes in patients with different molecular subtypes of breast cancer.Methods: This retrospective real-world study recruited 828 patients at the Department of Breast Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University and the Cancer Hospital of China Medical University from Jan 2014 to Nov 2020. Patient demographic features and disease pathology characteristics were recorded, and biomarkers were verified through immunohistochemistry. Various statistical methods were used to validate the relationships between different characteristics and survival outcomes irrespective of disease-free and overall survival.Results: Among 828 patients, statistically significant effects between pathological complete response and survival outcome were found in both HER2-enriched and triple-negative breast cancer (p &lt; 0.05) but not in Luminal breast cancer (p &gt; 0.05). Evident decrease of Ki67 was confirmed after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. To quantify the extent of Ki67 changes between pre- and post-NAC timepoints, we adopted a computational equation termed ΔKi67% for research. We found the optimal cut-off value to be “ΔKi67% = −63%” via the operating characteristic curve, defining ΔKi67% ≤ −63% as positive status and ΔKi67% &gt; −63% as negative status. Patients with positive ΔKi67% status were 37.1% of the entire cohort. Additionally, 4.7, 39.9, 34.5 and 39.6% of patients with Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2-enriched and triple negative breast cancer were also validated with positive ΔKi67% status. The statistically significant differences between ΔKi67% status and prognostic outcomes were confirmed by univariate and multivariate analysis in Luminal B (univariate and multivariate analysis: p &lt; 0.05) and triple negative breast cancer (univariate and multivariate analysis: p &lt; 0.05). We proved ΔKi67% as a statistically significant independent prognostic factor irrespective of disease-free or overall survival among patients with Luminal B and triple-negative breast cancer.Conclusions:ΔKi67% can aid in predicting patient prognostic outcome, provide a measurement of NAC efficacy, and assist in further clinical decisions, especially for patients with Luminal B breast cancer.
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Enterococcus Species: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Italy
Authors: Boccella Mariarosaria , Santella Biagio , Pagliano Pasquale , De Filippis Anna , Casolaro Vincenzo , Galdiero Massimiliano , Borrelli Anna , Capunzo Mario , Boccia Giovanni , Franci Gianluigi 
Published: December 2021

Antimicrobial resistance represents one of the main threats to healthy ecosystems. In recent years, among the multidrug-resistant microorganisms responsible for nosocomial infections, the Enterococcus species have received much attention. Indeed, Enterococcus have peculiar skills in their ability to acquire resistance genes and to cause severe diseases, such as endocarditis. This study showed the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance rate of Enterococcus spp. isolated from clinical samples, from January 2015 to December 2019 at the University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona” in Salerno, Italy. A total of 3236 isolates of Enterococcus faecalis (82.2%) and Enterococcus faecium (17.8%) were collected from urine cultures, blood cultures, catheters, respiratory tract, and other samples. Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility were performed with VITEK 2. E. faecium showed a high resistance rate against ampicillin (84.5%), ampicillin/sulbactam (82.7%), and imipenem (86.7%), while E. faecalis showed the highest resistance rate against gentamicin and streptomycin high level, but both were highly sensitive to such antibiotics as tigecycline and vancomycin. Studies of surveillance are an important tool to detect changes in the resistance profiles of the main pathogens. These antimicrobial susceptibility patterns are necessary to improve the empirical treatment guideline of infections.
In Vitro Regeneration of Miscanthus x giganteus through Indirect Organogenesis: Effect of Explant Type and Growth Regulators
Authors: Blinstrubienė Aušra , Jančauskienė Inga , Burbulis Natalija 
Published: December 2021

Miscanthus x giganteus is a spontaneous sterile hybrid therefore the creation of useful genetic diversity by conventional breeding methods is restricted. Plant regeneration through indirect organogenesis may be a useful approach to create genetic variability of this important agricultural crop. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the explant type and growth regulators on indirect organogenesis of Miscanthus x giganteus and to determine the ploidy level of plant regenerants by flow cytometry. On average, the highest percentage of morphogenic callus tested explants formed in the medium supplemented with 2.5 mg L–1 IBA + 0.1 mg L–1 BAP + 4.0 mg L–1 l-proline. The most intensive secondary differentiation of callus cells was observed in the medium supplemented with 4.0 mg L–1 ZEA + 1.0 mg L–1 NAA. The highest root formation frequency with the highest number of roots was determined in the MS nutrient medium supplemented with 0.4 mg L–1 IBA, where more than 95% of plant regenerants survived and were growing normally.
educación virtual en época de pandemia: Los más desfavorecidos en Perú
Authors: Ortega Murga Oscar Jesús , Quispe Ávalos Angélica María , Consuelo Navarro Bertha , Tello Sifuentes Yolanda 
Published: December 2021

El presente artículo de revisión descriptiva se desarrolla durante la pandemia de la Covid-19 en el Perú donde se implementó la educación virtual, para dar continuidad a los estudios de niños, adolescentes y jóvenes. Sin embargo, esta modalidad no llegó a todos los peruanos. El objetivo planteado es identificar a los menos favorecidos en la educación virtual. Se revisó publicaciones en la base datos Scielo y en repositorios universitarios entre los años 2020 -2021. Los resultados evidencian que, entre los menos favorecidos, están los que carecen de dispositivos con internet, tienen alguna discapacidad, tienen necesidades educativas especiales, no interactúan con sus docentes y compañeros, tienen docentes que no utilizan los recursos virtuales, utilizan material educativo ajeno a sus necesidades y aquellos que se encuentran en la educación superior sin poder realizar sus prácticas en laboratorios. Se concluye, que en el Perú durante esta pandemia aún no se garantiza la educación como un derecho fundamental.
PENAWARAN UMUM EFEK BERSIFAT UTANG OLEH PERUSAHAAN TERTUTUP
Authors: Setiadi Wicipto 
Published: December 2021

Pasar modal merupakan kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan penawaran umum, perdagangan efek dan perusahaan publik. Dalam pasar modal ada beberapa efek yang diperdagangkan melalui penawaran umum, salah satu di antaranya adalah saham. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan bahan-bahan hukum dan bahan-bahan non hukum dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan perundang-undangan serta pendekatan konseptual. Untuk mengetahui pengaturan mengenai penawaran umum efek bersifat utang perlu dilakukan kajian lebih dalam terhadap UU tentang Pasar Modal. Hasil dari penelitian menegaskan bahwa emiten yang non perusahaan publik, yakni perusahaan tertutup tanpa harus bertransformasi menjadi perusahaan terbuka dapat melakukan penawaran umum, namun terbatas pada efek bersifat utang. Perlindungan bagi investor dan pengawasan dalam penawaran umum efek bersifat utang adalah dengan menerapkan prinsip keterbukaan berdasarkan ketentuan UU tentang Pasar Modal serta penguatan peran lembaga Otoritas Jasa Keuangan selaku lembaga independen yang berfungsi sebagai pengawas dan regulator dalam sektor jasa keuangan dan pasar modal.
PERAN PERS DALAM PENEGAKAN HUKUM DITINJAU DARI SEGI UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 40 TAHUN 1999 TENTANG PERS
Authors: Satino  , Iswahyuni  , Surahmad  
Published: December 2021

Konsitusi memberikan kedudukan yang sama dan persamaan hak antar warga negara. Bentuk persamaan hak salah satunya adalah kebebasan menyampaikan pendapat. Dimana salah satunya adalah adanya jaminan kemerdekaan pers. Pers adalah lembaga sosial dan wahana komunikasi massa yang melaksanakan kegiatan jurnalistik yang meliputi mencari, memperoleh, memiliki, menyimpan, mengolah, dan menyampaikan informasi baik dalam bentuk tulisan, suara, gambar, suara dan gambar, serta data dan grafik maupun dalam bentuk lainnya dengan menggunakan media cetak, media elektronik, dan segala jenis saluran yang tersedia. Adapun yang menjadi permasalahan dalam tulisan ini adalah Bagaimana peran dan fungsi pers dalam penegakkan serta Bagaimana Tanggung Jawab Pers dan Kode Etik Pers ditinjau dari UU Nomor 40 Tahun 1999. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif. Adapun kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini pertama bahwa Pers merupakan pilar demokrasi keempat setelah eksekutif, legislatif dan yudikatif, pers sebagai kontrol atas ketiga pilar itu dan melandasi kinerjanya dengan check and balance. untuk dapat melakukan peranannya perlu dijunjung kebebasan pers dalam menyampaikan informasi publik secara jujur dan berimbang. Kedua kebebasan Pers bukan mutlak untuk pers semata, melainkan untuk menjamin hak-hak masyarakat untuk memperoleh informasi.
Data Forgery dalam Perkawinan Dini Perspektif Fungsionalisme Structural
Authors: Sariroh St. 
Published: December 2021

Perkawinan dini bukan hal tabu dilakukan di Madura. Banyak pasangan menikah diusia muda. Dalam Undang-undang perkawinan No. 16 Tahun 2019 bahwa perkawinan bisa terlaksanan jika mempelai sudah berusia 19 tahun. Namun mereka cenderung menambahkan usia dalam identitas perkawinan tanpa memohon dispensasi nikah. Ini dilakukan untuk menghilangkan rasa maloh atau tade’ ajhinah di masyarakat yang disebabkan Marriage by Accident dan mendapatkan legalisasi hukum. Dari permasalahan tersebut akan dianalisa bagaimana fenomena data forgery dalam pernikahan dini perspektif Fungsionalisme Struktural? Penelitian ini mengguakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi kasus, perolehan data menggunakan metode interview, observasi dan documentasi. Hasil penelitian; 1). Perkawinan dini dilaksanakan oleh pasangan “sebelum usia 19 tahun “. Dengan cara menambahkan usia di identitas perkawinanya sebab Marriage by Accident, karena menjadi beban keluarga yang dapat menimbulkan rasa maloh atau tade’ ajhinah. 2). Fungsionalisme struktural data forgery dalam perkawinan dini; Adaptation; proses habituasi para aktor dengan sistem sosial di masyarakat adalah dengan cara memalsukan usia perkawinan. Goal Attainment; hal ini demi mendapatkan legalisasi hukum perkawinan dan meningkatkan harkat martabat keluarga menjadi lebih baik. Integration; tidak selarasnya fungsi sistem sosial dan struktur lembaga di KUA. Latency; Masyarakat harus memelihara pola-pola tradisi sebaik mungkin, seperti penghormatan dan kepatuhan terhadap harga diri keluarga maupun orang lain
Early marriage has accustomed in Madura. In act 16 in 2019 explained that marriage can be implemented if both of bride have 19 years old. Whereas, they add the age in their marriage certificate without asking marriage dispensation to religious court. This carried out to diminish malo and tade’ ajhinah in social environment caused of Marriage by Accident and get legal marriage. From the problem above will describe how is the Early marriage happened in Madura in Structural Functionalism perspective?. This research using qualitative approache and case study. The data collected by using interview, observation, documentation. The result; 1). The early marriage performed by young couple “under 19 years old “by adding the age in marriage certificate because of pregnant, it becomes moral burden which cause shamed and tade’ ajhinah. 2). structural functionalism of Early marriage, Adaptation; adaptation process of the actor to the social system i.e. married by adding the age. Goal-Attainment; This marriage aims to get registered marriage and to improve the family dignity. Integration; disintegration between social system and organizational structure. Latency; Madurese must maintain and sustain well-regarded cultural patterns such as their obedience and the reverence both of their own dignity and others
criminal proceedings, minor, suspect, accused, legal status, preventive measures, measures of restraint not related to isolation from society
Authors: Tuchina Ol'ga 
Published: December 2021

The relevance of the topic is determined by the importance of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of a minor who is a participant in criminal proceedings as a suspect or accused. It is generally recognized that the value of the legal system is determined, inter alia, by the legislator’s attention to these intangible benefits of minors, to the legal norms on the basis of which the protection of these persons in criminal proceedings is ensured.
The purpose of the article is to identify the legal features and problems in the field of legal regulation of preventive measures chosen in Russia by underage suspects (accused), which do not contribute to isolation from society. Preventive measures that are not related to the isolation from societyof a juvenile prosecuted by justice become an object of the article. The problems identified in the designated area of legal regulation and the ways of their optimal solution corresponding to these problemsare considered as the subject of the article.
The article reflects the issues of the concept, the legal nature (essence) of the measures of restraint chosen in relation to juvenile suspects (accused), not related to isolation and a system of such measures. It is noted that the Russian legislator, paying attention to the rights and legitimate interests of this category of persons, in standards regulating preventive measures, does not take into account the peculiarities of the legal status of a minor suspect and accused, the specifics of the application of preventive measures, as well as the aspects of the impact of isolation (not isolation) from society on psycho-physical condition of these persons.The novelty is defined by thesubstantiation that the humanistic principles of international law and Russian legislation should be reflected in preventive measures for minors with the priority of measures that prevent isolation from society, and, accordingly, from the family, where the formation of the moral aspects of the individual, traditions and universal values take place.
As a result, the author proposes the author’s definition of the legal category “measures of restraint chosen by minors, not related to isolation from society”, reflects the legal peculiarities of preventive measures chosen against juvenile suspects or accused, substantiates the need to amend Art. 423 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation.
Measuring the results of pedagogical research
Authors: Geyzhan Natalia , Ilakavichus Marina 
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the relevant for modern humanities of the ratio of quantitative and qualitative research methods in the pedagogical field. Based on the separation of «nature sciences» and «cultural sciences» by V. Windelband and G. Rickert, the authors urge the scientific community to understand their difference at the present stage.
Based on a comparative analysis of the objectives, object, subject and hypotheses of research (primarily thesis) in psychology and pedagogy, the specificity of each scientific discipline is revealed, which mediates specific tools to verify the validity and effectiveness of the results obtained. The most controversial issues include the use of mathematical statistics methods in pedagogical research, which, due to the ontology of the studied phenomena, do not adequately cover the observed changes, therefore, are not able to describe them. The most inadequate quantitative methods are used in the sphere of upbringing and adult education, where the processes of reflection, conception, self-determination and the construction of life scenarios in accordance with one’s own convictions take precedence, and the factors of life and prospects cannot be ignored. It is proposed at the stage of creating a pedagogical research program to pay special attention to the definition of the ontology of the phenomenon under study, in accordance with the chosen methodology, to fix the ratio «goal - means of achieving it - diagnostics / monitoring of the process - performance assessment», which will allow answering the question about the ratio / adequacy of quantitative and qualitative methods-proofs of its implementation. In addition, it is necessary to support the institution of dialogue platforms for scientific communities, within which representatives of different subject areas would come to a consensus on this issue and keep it in research and expert work.
On measures to prevent theft of cell phones
Authors: Bugera Mihail , Veklenko Vasiliy 
Published: December 2021

Despite the fact that in recent years a number of committed crimes in Russia has decreased in general due to the taken measures, crimes against property are still prevalent within the overall structures of crime and considered a major problem. Theft of cell phones has a special place in this structure.
It is worth noting that although the cell phones have acquired many additional functions, in recent years they are no longer the luxury goods and are in the category of everyday things that are now necessary (and available) for almost all classes of citizens. An analysis of the market for cell phone sales in Russia shows that over the last years the number of cell phones has increased significantly, while in large Russian cities their number equaled the number of residents (which means 100 phones per 100 inhabitants).
The author, on the basis of statistics, points out a clear trend of continued growth in sales of smartphones, as well as an expansion of the market for expensive devices.
Based on data on crime situation generally the article further shows that theft make up more than half of all crimes committed. This number, of course, includes theft of cell phones, but due to the lack of data on this specific type of theft, it is difficult to determine where they stand in the overall picture.
The author provides a classification of this type of crime according to the place and the ways these crimes are committed, illustrating them with the materials of particular criminal cases, and gives practical recommendations to mobile phone users that will reduce the risk of smartphone theft.
Having studied the domestic and foreign (UK, USA) experience in the field of combating such crimes, the author examines a number of measures aimed at preventing cell phone theft.
The author believes that the solution to these problems in particular may be the adoption of a law on the state database of mobile phones, as has already been done in some foreign countries.