bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Brotowali Extract Fortification of Papaya Leaves And Sugar Cane Caries on Diabetes Mellitus Type II
Authors: Purnamasari A.Bida , Rusdianto  
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus Type II is a metabolic disorder characterized by an increase in blood sugar due to decreased insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells or impaired insulin function (insulin resistance). Risk factors for diabetes mellitus are age, sex, obesity, hypertension, genetic, food, smoking, alcohol, and lack of activity. Increasing cases of diabetes in Indonesia is a concern that must be followed up in real terms, especially for educators starting from the stage of detection to treatment to reduce prevalence. Diabetes Mellitus Type II is the focus of attention because it is a non-communicative disease that can be prevented through by changes of healthier lifestyle. In the prevention and treatment of Diabetes Mellitus Type II can utilize several types of local medicinal plants, namely brotowali plants, papaya and sugar cane which have antidiabetic substances. This study aims to determine the effect of brotowali fortification extracts of papaya leaves and sugar cane juice induced in mice (Mus musculus). This type of research is an experimental study that was be held in Laboratory of Department Biology Makassar State of University. Brotowali extract of fortified papaya leaves and sugarcane extract at a dose of 250 mg/kg BW and 500 mg/kg BW orally by mixing in drinking water of mice. Brotowali extract of fortified papaya leaves and sugar cane juice is expected to reduce blood glucose levels in mice. The results of this study will be used as a reference or reference in making Diabetes Mellitus Type II drugs from various types of herbal plants including extracts of fortification brotowali, papaya leaves and sugar cane juice.
Isolation And Identification of Secondary Methabolites Compound of Moringa Oleifera Lamk Leaf Acetic Ethyl Extract
Authors: Sudding  , Herawati N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study aims to isolate and identify secondary metabolite compounds in the ethyl acetate extract of Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera Lamk). This isolation includes several stages, namely extraction, fractionation, purification and identification. Identification includes solubility test, UV-VIS spectroscopy test, FTIR and GCMS. Based on the solubility test results, it is known that the isolate is soluble in ethyl acetate solvent and dissolves well in the chloroform solvent, this shows that the isolate obtained is semi-polar and the compound glows under UV light. UV-VIS spectroscopy test results showed a maximum wavelength of 210.52 nm showing the characteristics of the ester group. FTIR spectroscopy data showed wave numbers (cm-1) namely: 3450.65 (OH alcohol), 2926.01 and 2560.43 (C-H); 1456.26 and 1382.96 (CH2 and CH3), 1722.43 (C=O); 1616.26 (C = C aromatic); 1039,63 (C-O). The result of GC-MS showed molecular weight of compound is 166. From the results of the analysis it was suggested that the isolate was a phenolic group that are 4-hydroxy benzoyl ethyl esthers.
Analysis The Effect of the Use Seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) as The Substitution Material to Tapioca Flour on The Quality of Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) Nugget
Authors: Kaseng E S , Suhaeb F W 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The study aimed to determine the effect of the use of seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) as a substitution material to tapioca flour on the quality of snakehead fish (Channa striata) nugget. The method used was experimental method and composed as non-factorial, Completely Randomized Design (RAL). The factor of the treatment was substitution of tapioca flour with seaweed in the processing of snakehead fish nugget, consisting of 4 treatment levels, namely: 75 gs tapioca flour and 0g wet seaweed (N0), 0 g tapioca starch and 75 gs wet seaweed (N1), 50g tapioca flour and wet seaweed 25 gs (N2), 25gs tapioca starch and 50 gs wet seaweed (N3), in each 500 gs of snakehead fish formulation. The results indicated that the snakehead fish nugget substituted by tapioca flour and seaweed showing the significat effect on the value of organoleptic (appearance, odor, taste, texture, folding test), and proximate (water, protein, fiber content). The quality of snakehead fish nugget using the tapioca starch and seaweed (N2) was showing the highest value of appearance 7.92 aroma 7.14, flavor 7.5, and texture 8,29; as well as the highest value of folding test 5.0 (AA). The content of moisture was 36.63%, protein 13.10%, and crude fiber 1.02%. So that, the best product of snakehead fish nugget proximat with subtitution of 50g tapioca flour and wet seaweed 25 gs (N2) was appropriate to the Indonesia National Standard (SNI 7758-2013).
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Sea-Cucumber (Holothurian atra and Holothurian edulis) From Selayar Island
Authors: Muflihunna A , Mu’nisa A , Hala Yusminah , Hasri  
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The present investigation was carried out to characterize the bioactive compounds present in extract of Holothurian atra and Holothurian edulis using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrum (GC-MS) and antioxidan activity. The results of the GC-MS analysis provide different peaks determining the presence of 4 phytochemical compounds with different therapeutic activities. The measurement of antioxidant activity carried out using 1,1difenil-2-pikrihidazil (DPPH) method. The major, 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester (47.29), hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (28.41), octadecanoic acid, methyl ester (4.47), and [1,1′-bibicyclo[2.2.2]Octane]-4-carboxylic acid (92.11) and minor compounds were also present. Antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract of Holothurian edulis have low antioxidant activity with the value IC50 41.6828 mg/mL and ethanolic extracts of Holothurian atra have strong antioxidant activity with value IC50 33.514 mg/mL. From the results, it could be concluded that Holothurian atra and Holothurian edulis contains various bioactive compounds have various biological activities and antioxidant activity.
The Effect Of Microwave Irradiation on Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Ethanol Extract of White Bol Guava Leaves
Authors: Putri Suriati Eka , Pratiwi Diana Eka , Side Sumiati 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The aim of this research was to determine the effect of microwave radiation on the synthesize of gold nanoparticles using ethanol extract of white bol guava leaves. 50 mL of 25 ppm HAuCl4 solution was synthesized using ethanol extract of white bol guava leaves to convert Au3+ to Au0 with 0.75 mL and synthesized using microwave and without microwave. Characterization of gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) instruments. Based on the results, the microwave irradiation has a significant effect on the formation of Au-NPs using ethanol extracts of white bol guava leaves, based on the analysis using XRD, the size of Au-NPs was 17.13 nm with microwave irradiation and 17.57 nm without without microwave irrdaiation. Based on the results of SEM-EDS obtained Au-NPs by the microwave irradiation of 54.92%, while without a microwave irradiaton of 42.17 %.
Type Curiosity of Students Learned by Discovery-Based Contextual Models and Direct Learning Models on Acid Base Topic
Authors: Sugiarti  , Husain Halimah 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This research is a quasi-experimental that aimed to compare the curiosity of students with discovery-based contextual models and direct learning models. The independent variables in this study are discovery-based contextual models and direct learning models, while the dependent variable is the students’ curiosity in acid-base topic. The population in this study is all students of class XI MIA SMAN 1 Gowa, while the sample was class XI MIA 1 as experimental group I and class XI MIA 7 as experimental group II with the number of students each 30 people. The research data was obtained through an observation sheet and student activity sheet. The results of the descriptive analysis showed that the average value obtained by the experimental group I was 79 while in the experimental group II it was 68,63. The results of hypothesis testing using t-test values obtained at tcount = 5,99 and significance level α = 0,05 with df = 3 obtained ttable = 1,64. It shows that the curiosity of student that are taught by discovery-based contextual models was higher that their taugh by direct learning models in class XI MIA SMAN 1 Gowa on acid-base topic.
Using Cooperative Learning Models of The Bamboo Dancing Type to Improve the Skills of 4C Students
Authors: Arvyaty  , Salim  , Kadir  , Kodirun  , Ruslan  , Hariani  
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Mathematical learning is essentially related to problem solving, reasoning and abstraction, which can be used to level 4C skills. One interesting mathematical learning model for practicing creative and critical thinking skills is a cooperative learning model of the bamboo dancing type. This Model emphasizes the occurrence of cooperation between students in pairs in large groups, shifting each other to move position according to the clockwise direction to solve a problem, students actively communicate and Collaborate to resolve specific issues and within specific time constraints. The results of this study show that: (1) Students can explain and exchange information with their friends, (2) students can learn how to convey information correctly, so that their friends can understand it, (3) students can grow and increased cooperation in a group to resolve a particular problem, (4) students can increase its tolerance to differing cognitive abilities of students, (5) students can strive to think critically and creatively.
Analyzing Conceptual and Procedural Knowledge of Geometry Among Prospective Teachers: Indonesian Perspective
Authors: Yurniwati  , Soleh D A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
It is well established that to scaffold students’ learning of mathematics, teachers themselves need a substantial body of content knowledge of mathematics (Ma, 1989) to drive their lessons and design of learning experiences. In this paper, we address the above issue among prospective elementary mathematics teachers in Indonesia. Evidence suggests that elementary school Indonesian teachers tend to acquire surface-level knowledge of geometry, which does not support deep learning. This paper aims to bring a higher degree of insight into the above problem by analyzing prospective teachers’ geometry knowledge along two knowledge strands: conceptual and procedural. Examples of these knowledge components are provided with suggestions for future research.
Gap Analysis of University Online Learning Website from Students’ Perspectives: A Case from Telkom University, Indonesia
Authors: Pradana M , Rahmawan M D , Wahyuddin S , Imam R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to observe the perceived quality of Telkom University online learning website from students’ perspectives. Students here act as the main users of the learning platform and we would like to see whether the perceived quality and the ideal quality already fulfil users’ expectation. The data used are the primary and secondary data with a set of sample taken from 100 students. We use the question items from website quality method and analyse the data with importance performance analysis (gap analysis). The research shows that the usability and service interaction aspects of the website have quite significant gaps between perceived and ideal qualities.
Pre-service elementary school teachers’ reasoning profile in solving geometry problems based on mathematics ability
Authors: Rosdiana  , Budayasa I K , Lukito A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A person’s reasoning can be seen in the solution of the problem he solved. Geometry is effective for developing the ability to think logically or reasoning students. Solve geometry problems that have an abstract object of study required a process of reasoning or reason. The reasoning of a student with a high mathematical ability may be different from the reasoning of a moderate or low-ability student in solving geometrical problems. The purpose of this study is to obtain information about pre-service elemantary school teachers’ reasoning profiles in solving geometry problems based on mathematical ability. The type of research that will be used is descriptive explorative research with qualitative approach. The subject of this research is 3 pre-service elementary school teachers’. Subject selection is based on a written math ability test. The instruments of this study include the main instruments and supporting instruments. The reasoning profile data was obtained through mathematical skills tests and problem-solving test-based interviews. The credibility of the data collected is tested through triangulation. Student reasoning profile of student of pre-service elementary school teacher is able to explain again the thinking process (reasoning or logical argument) clearly.
Development of the Basic Concept Assessment of SD/MI Mathematics Based KKNI Curriculum
Authors: Munir N. P , Anas A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The assessment of mathematics learning in college needs to be a concern for lecturers to avoid subjectivity in assessing students. So far, the assessment of mathematics learning in the PGMI Study Program is only dominant in the knowledge aspect. A good assessment should not only focus on the domain of knowledge but the three domains, namely, attitudes/values, knowledge, and general skills/special skills in accordance with learning outcomes in the KKNI curriculum. The purpose of this research was to develop basic concepts of SD/MI mathematics based on a valid and practical KKNI. This research was R & D (research and development) research using ADDIE method. The target of this research was PGMI Study Program of IAIN Palopo semester 1 of 2019/2020 Academic Year. The assessment instruments developed were in the form of performance assignments, product assignments, and project assignments. The results of this research indicated that: (1) The validity of the developed assessment instrument was on the very valid category with an average rating validators 93%; (2) The practicality of the developed assessment instruments is in a very practical category. From the lecturer’s point of view, it shows that the instrument has a clear and integrated category in measuring three domains in Learning Outcomes. Whereas from the student’s point of view it showed that the instruments developed was practically used and was able to reveal the understanding of the basic concepts of mathematics of SD/MI students.
Managing Hybrid Learning Model: Web Enhanced Course Media in Physics Learning
Authors: Yani A , Nurhayati  , Dahlan A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This research was study about managing hybrid learning model: web enhanced course media in physics learning. The research conducted in SMA Negeri 2 Pare-pare and XI grade MIPA Class were chosen as study object. The study method is modified research and developing model which use to manage Hybrid learning media. The study result show that (1) web enhanced course media is suitable to develop by using LMS based website, (2) web enhanced course media have to have four service components i.e (1) administration, (2) assessment, (3) content delivery, and (4) community service, and (4) the implementation of web enhanced course media makes the student physics learning motivation gain to high grade and increase the number of student which interest in physics.
The Use of Metacognitive Strategies in Solving Mathematical Problems
Authors: Anggo M , Masi L , Haryani M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The ability to solve mathematical problems is useful not only for the absorption of knowledge, but also for the formation of thinking and attitude in solving the problems. This research was conducted to describe the metacognitive strategies that students undertake when solving mathematical problems. Metacognitive strategy is one of the methods used in problem solving that emphasizes to build the well-structured of thinking, by deciding what to do and where to go in realizing and overcoming obstacles. Data obtained through problem solving by the subject and then analyzed qualitatively. Through the application of metacognitive strategies, a systematic and well-structured problem solving is implemented based on the logical thinking steps, and allows to the right solution. For students, metacognitive strategies are very important to build a strong foundation of thinking and to be applied in various situations and levels of complexity problems.
Study of Clarification Android Based Worksheet of Topic Cartesian Coordinate at Level Junior Secondary
Authors: Nasrullah  , Suradi  , Hamda  
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study aims to design an Android-based student worksheet on the topic of cartesian coordinate learning and obtain evidence for clarification of research on prototype design. The design research method was carried out based on stages, namely research clarification, descriptive study 1, prescriptive study, and descriptive study II. This research revealed the results of the research clarification stage by involving 35 Mathematics and Natural Sciences students of FMIPA UNM. They were asked to test the prototype and provide responses through the questionnaire provided. There are three main things to be responded by respondents, namely the suitability of the format, the material submitted, and worksheet form. The data obtained were analysed descriptively quantitatively. The results show that the prototype format meets the suitability. Likewise, the criteria for the material presented and the prototype designed. In other words, this Android-based worksheet prototype meets the stated design objectives.
Learning Trajectory in Mathematical Proof
Authors: Minggi I , Mulabar U , Assagaf S F 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study aims to obtain a learning trajectory framework for mathematical proofing and to develop teaching materials for the real number system topic. The method is Design research. The results showed the five developed trajectories: (a) experience and fundamentals, (b) simple proof (c) proof of existence, (d) complex proof. and (e) proofing through construction. In proofing, the students still need scaffolding from the lecturer. The difficulties was still existed are writing symbols and writing mathematical reasoning especially in linking a series of statements in the proof..
Students’ Understanding on Formal Definition of Limit
Authors: Nurdin  , Assagaf S F , Arwadi F 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper reports our preliminary findings of students’ understanding on the formal definition of limit - epsilon delta definition. The aim of this study is to develop students understanding of definition of limit by construction learning trajectories in teaching limit. The subjects were five students majoring in mathematics. The methods were test and interview. The test is used to identify how the subjects proof the limit using formal definition. Interview aims to confirm and explore information about the students’ difficulties in proving the limit using the definition. The interviews were then transcribed and analyzed along with the test results to get conclusions about the difficulties of students proving the limit by using formal definition. The result shows that the subjects were still facing difficulties in interpreting the definition of limits.
Viterbi Algorithm and Its Application to Indonesian Speech Recognition
Authors: Hatala Z , Puturuhu F 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
An algorithm used to extract HMM parameters is revisited. Most parts of the extraction process are taken from implemented Hidden Markov Toolkit (HTK) program under the name HInit. The HMM model is introduced briefly based on the theory of Markov Chain. We schematically outline the Viterbi method implemented by HInit. The iterative formal definition of the method which directs computer implementation is reviewed. We also illustrate the method calculation precisely using manual calculation and extensive graphical illustration. The distribution of observation probability used is simply independent Gaussians. The performance of the algorithm for phone recognition rate on small Indonesian vocabulary is 80%, while the result is near perfect 95% for word recognition.
Estimation of Vehicle Speed at Night Based on Rear Lights
Authors: Setiyono B , Ratna D , Ilmi M F , Usadha I G N R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
All Speed violations are common things. One way to prevent it is detecting the vehicle and estimating the speed of vehicle that is running. To detect the vehicle, we can use the vehicle lights. The rear lights of the vehicle could be detected easier than the front lights of the vehicle because the color of the rear lights was different than the common lights on the road at night. This paper focuses on estimating the speed of a vehicle that runs at night based on the rear lights of a vehicle. The first step is calibrating the camera used and extracting the video into frames. Then we tracked the vehicle position in each frame in the Region of Interest (ROI). The next step is bounding and labelling each detected vehicle. After that, the conversion from the camera angle and the camera height become the actual distance in each frame. The final step is to find the movement of the vehicle from one frame to another using Euclidean distance to determine the speed of the vehicle. This research results in high estimation accuracy when in the ROI II area for the actual vehicle speed between 20-40 km/h, and for vehicle with actual speed between 40-60 km/h, the accuracy was high if it is in the ROI III area.
Mapping groundwater recharge in Africa from ground observations and implications for water security
Authors: MacDonald Alan M , Lark R Murray , Taylor Richard G , Abiye Tamiru , Fallas Helen C , Favreau Guillaume , Goni Ibrahim B , Kebede Seifu , Scanlon Bridget , Sorensen James P R , Tijani Moshood , Upton Kirsty A , West Charles 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Groundwater forms the basis of water supplies across much of Africa and its development is rising as demand for secure water increases. Recharge rates are a key component for assessing groundwater development potential, but have not been mapped across Africa, other than from global models. Here we quantify long-term average (LTA) distributed groundwater recharge rates across Africa for the period 1970–2019 from 134 ground-based estimates and upscaled statistically. Natural diffuse and local focussed recharge, where this mechanism is widespread, are included but discrete leakage from large rivers, lakes or from irrigation are excluded. We find that measurable LTA recharge is found in most environments with average decadal recharge depths in arid and semi-arid areas of 60 mm (30–140 mm) and 200 mm (90–430 mm) respectively. A linear mixed model shows that at the scale of the African continent only LTA rainfall is related to LTA recharge—the inclusion of other climate and terrestrial factors do not improve the model. Kriging methods indicate spatial dependency to 900 km suggesting that factors other than LTA rainfall are important at local scales. We estimate that average decadal recharge in Africa is 15 000 km3 (4900–45 000 km3), approximately 2% of estimated groundwater storage across the continent, but is characterised by stark variability between high-storage/low-recharge sedimentary aquifers in North Africa, and low-storage/high-recharge weathered crystalline-rock aquifers across much of tropical Africa. African water security is greatly enhanced by this distribution, as many countries with low recharge possess substantial groundwater storage, whereas countries with low storage experience high, regular recharge. The dataset provides a first, ground-based approximation of the renewability of groundwater storage in Africa and can be used to refine and validate global and continental hydrological models while also providing a baseline against future change.