bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topological Design of a Nanosatellite Structure with Optimal Frequency Responses Filled by Non-Uniform Lattices
Authors: Wang Cunyi , Zhang Bin , Huang Songhua , Dou Weiyuan , Xin Shengzhen , Yan Jiayong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTraditional structural forms are difficult to meet the lightweight requirements of subsequent spacecraft for load-bearing structures. In the aerospace industry, filling structure with lattices is a popular approach to reduce the weight of a spacecraft. However, this design strategy has deficiencies in the spatial distribution of lattice cells as well as its affection on the mechanical properties. In this study, a two-step topology optimization technique is proposed to solve the spatial distribution problem of nanosatellite. Firstly, an entire nanosatellite box composed of panels which filled with uniform lattices is sent to the vibration test to obtain the frequency data. Then, a finite element (FE) model of the nanosatellite structure which contains the same uniform lattices is built and validated with the obtained frequency data above. For the subsequent calculation of topology optimization. An equivalent model of the verified FE model is established by replacing the lattice cells in the sandwich layer with equivalent fictional elements. Subsequently, a topology optimization problem under the mass constraints is formulated for maximize the nature frequency, and a new light weighted nanosatellite which filled with non-uniform lattices is established by applying the density mapping method and the previous topology configuration result. By separating the design problem of nanosatellite into two steps, the proposed optimization design method achieves the maximum frequency design under the weight constraint. Furthermore, the frequency is also guaranteed to be around the nature frequency. The results reveal that the mass of the new structure with non-uniform lattices is reduced by 50.32% and the frequency is increased by 1.19%. An important technical importance and application value of this proposed technique is that it improves the performance and design efficiency of the load-bearing structures of a nanosatellite, and this method has significant technical significance and application value.
Anticholinergic burden and frailty in older inpatients: insights from analysis of admission and discharge medicines using four anticholinergic scales
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed Adem , Chan Amy Hai Yan , Wabe Nasir , Ali Ayesha , Harris Louis , West Sianne , Colaabavala Rhea , Aw Justine , Harrison Jeff 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Exposure to high anticholinergic burden is associated with adverse outcomes in older adults. Older adults with frailty have greater vulnerability to adverse anticholinergic effects. There is limited data on anticholinergic burden in hospitalised older adults with frailty particularly, in New Zealand. This study aimed to (i) examine exposure to anticholinergic medicines in older inpatients using multiple scales, and (ii) describe the association of patient factors such as frailty with anticholinergic exposure.

Methods
We reviewed admission and discharge medicines of 222 older patients (≥ 65 years) in a New Zealand hospital. Sociodemographic, diagnostic and medication data were collected from electronic health records. Anticholinergic burden was quantified using the Anticholinergic Burden Classification (ABC), Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale (ACB), Anticholinergic Risk Scale (ARS), and Drug Burden Index (DBI). Frailty was assessed using frailty index (FI) and the Hospital Frailty Risk score (HFRS); higher scores indicate higher frailty. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine patient factors associated with anticholinergic burden.

Results
Depending on the scale used, the mean anticholinergic burden ranged from 0.65 to 1.83 on admission and 0.59 to 1.40 at discharge, with 32–74% of the patients on admission and 25–65% at discharge prescribed at least one anticholinergic medicine. About 1 in 3 patients had high anticholinergic burden on admission and discharge. On admission, being frail (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 5.16, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.57, 16.97), having history of readmission (AOR 4.96, CI 1.58, 15.59), and higher number of medicines [AOR range 1.18 CI 1.10, 1.26 (ARS scale) to 1.25 CI 1.15, 1.36 (DBI scale)] were associated with higher odds of anticholinergic exposure. At discharge, pre-frail (DBI scale: AOR = 6.58, CI 1.71–25.32) and frail patients (ACB scale: AOR = 5.73, CI 1.66, 19.70) and those with higher number of medicines [AOR range 1.18 CI 1.09, 1.29 (ARS scale) to 1.33 CI 1.20, 1.49 (DBI scale)] had higher odds of anticholinergic exposure.

Conclusion
A reduction in the anticholinergic burden from admission to discharge was observed in the study population yet, one-third of the study cohort were discharged with high anticholinergic medicines. Enhancing hospital prescribers’ and pharmacists’ awareness about anticholinergic burden and targeted interventions such as in-hospital deprescribing are needed to reduce high anticholinergic exposure in acute setting.
Characterizing sociodemographic disparities and predictors of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus among Asian and Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander pregnant people: an analysis of PRAMS data, 2016–2022
Authors: Go Mallory , Sokol Natasha , Ward L. G. , Anderson Micheline , Sun Shufang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) affects between 2 and 10% of pregnancies in the United States, with trends of increasing prevalence and a significant amount of variability across race and ethnicity, maternal age, and insurance status. Asian and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanders (NHOPI) have been documented to have a higher prevalence and risk of developing GDM compared to non-Hispanic white populations and have been under-studied in health disparities research.

Methods
Using data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) 2016–2022 surveys, we conducted analyses for the overall PRAMS sample as well as within-group analyses among participants who identify as Asian and NHOPI to identify risk factors for GDM. Descriptive statistics were also collected in the Asian and NHOPI subsample, stratified by Asian and NHOPI ethnicity. Bivariate analyses were performed to explore the relationship between potential GDM risk factors among the overall analytic sample and within the Asian and NHOPI subsample, and multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate potential predictors of GDM.

Results
Asian and NHOPI ethnicities differed by prevalence of GDM at 17.2%, 19.56%, 10.8%, 10.71%, and 18.49% for Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, and Other Asian, respectively. Compared to White individuals (reference group), the odds of GDM were higher for Asian and Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander individuals in the adjusted model (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.19, 95% CI: 2.62–2.9). Native mothers also demonstrated significantly elevated odds (aOR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.4–1.6), while Mixed-race individuals exhibited slightly increased odds (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.14–1.29). The findings revealed notable variability in GDM risk factors across ANHOPI subgroups. Obesity emerged as a consistent and strong predictor of GDM across all groups, while other factors such as interpersonal violence exposure and prenatal depression demonstrated limited or subgroup specific effects.

Conclusion
This analysis of 2016 to 2022 PRAMS data illustrated significant variations of GDM predictors between the general population and the Asian and NHOPI population, as well as differences between Asian and NHOPI ethnicities.
Assessing the impact of critical care training on pharmacy students in Egypt: a pre-post study
Authors: Moustafa Hebatallah Ahmed Mohamed , Hamid Alaa Essawy , Hassoub Gehad , Kassem Amira B. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Transition to independent pharmacy practice is challenging. Undergraduate and postgraduate pharmacy students in low-to-middle-income countries (LMICs) currently receive minimal experiential learning in critical care.

Objective
To assess the critical care training course’s impact on pharmacy students’ knowledge, self-efficacy, and self-esteem, as well as their satisfaction with the course.

Method
In a pre-post interventional study, pharmacy students took a 10-day critical care training course with experiential learning. They completed a knowledge questionnaire covering various critical care topics, the 18 questions Pharmacy Self-efficacy and Self-esteem Study Questionnaire, and a satisfaction questionnaire. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20.0.

Results
A total of 72 trainees participated in the study. The average score for pre-course self-efficacy and self-esteem significantly increased post-course, with a median (IQR) of 3.75 (3.50–3.94) compared to 3.56 (3.28–3.78) pre-course, with a p-value of less than 0.05. Furthermore, their overall knowledge score significantly increased from baseline to post-course, with the median (IQR) rising from 0.53 (0.50–0.61) to 0.98 (0.97–1.0), with a p-value of less than 0.05. Their course satisfaction average total score was 45.08 (SD ± 5.41) (on a scale of 10–50).

Conclusion
The present study provides clear evidence that integrating this critical care training course into a structured curriculum for pharmacy students using experiential learning can act as a facilitator of knowledge enrichment, increase their self-esteem and self-efficacy, and make them satisfied with learning. Larger long duration studies are needed to support this evidence.
Eradication of bovine tuberculosis in Ireland: is it a case of now or never?
Authors: More Simon J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThere has been a sharp disimprovement in the bovine tuberculosis (bTB) situation in Ireland in recent years. This commentary argues for critical programme change in three overarching themes relevant to the Irish bTB eradication programme, if eradication is to be successful: (1) Limiting infection in cattle. Residual (hidden) infection is an important constraint to eradication, due to the use of imperfect diagnostic tests. This is resolved with a risk-based approach, as is widely used in other national programmes, and would impact herd management, cattle trade and regionalisation. (2) Limiting infection within and from wildlife. Infection in wildlife is a key feature of bTB in many countries, including Ireland. Early research with badger vaccination has been promising. However, wide-scale badger vaccination has proved logistically challenging, and research to monitor progress is underway. It is unlikely that badger vaccination, in addition to current cattle controls, will be sufficient to achieve bTB eradication. (3) Programme leadership, management, governance and cost-sharing. There are a number of substantial, seemingly intractable, issues relating to programme leadership, management, governance and cost-sharing which alone are sufficient to preclude any sustained move to eradication. International examples of success are available, with funding models being critical to progress. In these three themes, most of the constraints are non-technical. If difficult decisions are not taken and the status quo is allowed to continue, there is a risk that infection may establish in further wildlife species, which may make eradication unattainable. Current decisions (including inaction) will impact future generations, including the general public (through the Exchequer) and future farming families.
Shotgun metagenomic sequencing reveals the influence of artisanal dairy environments on the microbiomes, quality, and safety of Idiazabal, a raw ewe milk PDO cheese
Authors: Santamarina-García Gorka , Yap Min , Crispie Fiona , Amores Gustavo , Lordan Cathy , Virto Mailo , Cotter Paul D. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Numerous studies have highlighted the impact of bacterial communities on the quality and safety of raw ewe milk-derived cheeses. Despite reported differences in the microbiota among cheese types and even producers, to the best of our knowledge, no study has comprehensively assessed all potential microbial sources and their contributions to any raw ewe milk-derived cheese, which could suppose great potential for benefits from research in this area. Here, using the Protected Designation of Origin Idiazabal cheese as an example, the impact of the environment and practices of artisanal dairies (including herd feed, teat skin, dairy surfaces, and ingredients) on the microbiomes of the associated raw milk, whey, and derived cheeses was examined through shotgun metagenomic sequencing.

Results
The results revealed diverse microbial ecosystems across sample types, comprising more than 1300 bacterial genera and 3400 species. SourceTracker analysis revealed commercial feed and teat skin as major contributors to the raw milk microbiota (45.6% and 33.5%, respectively), being a source of, for example, Lactococcus and Pantoea, along with rennet contributing to the composition of whey and cheese (17.4% and 41.0%, respectively), including taxa such as Streptococcus, Pseudomonas_E or Lactobacillus_H. Functional analysis linked microbial niches to cheese quality- and safety-related metabolic pathways, with brine and food contact surfaces being most relevant, related to genera like Brevibacterium, Methylobacterium, or Halomonas. With respect to the virulome (virulence-associated gene profile), in addition to whey and cheese, commercial feed and grass were the main reservoirs (related to, e.g., Brevibacillus_B or CAG-196). Similarly, grass, teat skin, or rennet were the main contributors of antimicrobial resistance genes (e.g., Bact-11 or Bacteriodes_B). In terms of cheese aroma and texture, apart from the microbiome of the cheese itself, brine, grass, and food contact surfaces were key reservoirs for hydrolase-encoding genes, originating from, for example, Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Listeria or Chromohalobacter. Furthermore, over 300 metagenomic assembled genomes (MAGs) were generated, including 60 high-quality MAGs, yielding 28 novel putative species from several genera, e.g., Citricoccus, Corynebacterium, or Dietzia.

Conclusion
This study emphasizes the role of the artisanal dairy environments in determining cheese microbiota and, consequently, quality and safety.
Analysis of topical conjunctival microbiotic cultures in patients treated with intravitreal injections using antibiotic prophylaxis with 0.3% ofloxacin eye drops
Authors: de Miranda Gonçalves Luca Bongiovanni , Campos Maria Leticia Lasca Sales , Barros Guilherme Feltrin , da Veiga Glaucia Luciano , Silva Juliana Antoniali , Fonseca Fernando Luiz Affonso , Gascón Thaís Moura , de Carvalho Samantha Sanches , de Carvalho Andrea Karla Ribeiro , Fernandes Greicy Ellen Pinheiro , Lima Vagner Loduca , Lima Tiago Mirco 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Intravitreal injections, a relatively recent treatment in ophthalmology, is being adopted rapidly worldwide and becoming one of the most common therapies in the field. Numerous complications are associated with this treatment, ranging from minor inflammatory ailments to endophthalmitis. We analyzed the conjunctival flora of patients treated with intravitreal injections and topical antibiotics.

Methods
The study was a longitudinal prospective analysis of cultures and antibiograms collected from patients who underwent intravitreal injections and topical antibiotics afterwards at the retina clinic in ABC’s Medical University.

Results
A total of 148 swabs obtained from 98 patients were cultured and underwent antibiotic sensitivity testing. All bacteria were sensitive to vancomycin, and with the exception of Escherichia coli samples, they were also sensitive to a third-generation cephalosporin (ceftriaxone—same class and generation as ceftazidime), both of which are important antibiotics for the treatment of endophthalmitis. The bacteria species were specifically coagulase-negative Staphylococcus sp. 92% of which was penicillin-resistant and 56.9% was resistant to ciprofloxacin, a second-generation fluoroquinolone. The culture results were similar to that described in the literature and showed the same higher prevalence of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus sp. and S. epidermidis. Regarding the antibiotic resistance profiles, vancomycin, a third-generation cephalosporin, and penicillin showed almost identical results to those reported previously. Regarding fluoroquinolones, the incidence of resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus sp. was lower than the findings worldwide, but the resistance rates found were: S. aureus (26.7%), S. epidermidis (61.3%), and Staphylococcus sp. (coagulase negative, 56.9%).

Conclusions
The current results showed that the typical conjunctival bacteria had higher resistance to fluoroquinolones (although they were not tested specifically to ofloxacin), suggesting a possible selection of resistant bacteria that should not be taken for granted in clinic. However, the same bacteria did not exhibit cross-resistance in the analysis of vancomycin and third-generation cephalosporins. This real-world, longitudinal, prospective study on conjunctival flora analyzed bacterial resistance profiles and contemporary antibiotic use, offering deeper insights into this subject.
Is nitrogen-modified atmosphere packaging a tool for retention of volatile terpenes and cannabinoids in stored Cannabis sativa inflorescence?
Authors: MacLaughlin Luke L. , MacDonald Mason T. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractModified atmosphere packaging (MAP) alters the gaseous composition of air surrounding packaged goods to prevent deleterious oxidation associated reactions. MAP has been adopted for the storage of cannabis, though a recent study revealed little difference in terpene content under MAP conditions. Questions regarding its efficacy for preservation of high value compounds like terpenes and cannabinoids lost during postharvest storage remain. The goal of this research is to determine weather N2 MAP preserves high value compounds of cannabis during its postharvest storage. This experiment followed a completed randomized block design. There were two factors of interest. The first was storage atmosphere (atmospheric or N2 MAP). The second was storage duration (18, 46, or 74 days). The experiment was then blocked by cannabis chemovar using 5 different chemovars. The concentration of 17 cannabinoids was evaluated through UPLC-UV and 61 volatile terpene compounds through GC–MS. Concentrations were compared over time and between storage treatments. There were no significant differences in total cannabinoids and volatile terpene compounds over time or between storage treatments. Individual cannabinoids Δ9-THC, CBG, CBNA, CBC, THCV, and THCVA all increased during storage time while THCA decreased. CBG and THCV only increased under MAP storage. Individual aromatics limonene, β-pinene, α-pinene, camphene, and terpinolene all only decreased during storage under N2 MAP. Only caryophyllene oxide and α-humulene increased under N2 MAP storage. β-Myrcene decreased under atmospheric storage, but not under N2 MAP. While N2 MAP had no effect on the preservation of total cannabinoids and aromatics during storage, it did influence several individual compounds. CBG, THCV, and α-humulene all increased under N2 MAP. N2 MAP also maintained the concentration β-myrcene over time, though the preservation of β-myrcene was offset by a decrease limonene. Overall, N2 MAP was not needed for preservation of most high value compounds but did have an effect of some compounds with reputed therapeutic benefits.
Designated confirmer threshold signature and its applications in blockchains
Authors: Ji Yunfeng , Zhang Rui , Tao Yang , Gao Birou 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe non-transferability of a designated confirmer signature scheme allows a signer to control the verification ability of a signature, hence protecting the signer’s privacy. However, a designated confirmer signature is insufficient when the secret keys are damaged and incapable of collaborative signature generation. In this paper, we circumvent these limitations by introducing the notion of designated confirmer threshold signature. First, we present a formal security model, then give a generic construction, which utilizes threshold signature schemes, encryption schemes and $$\Sigma$$
Σ
-protocols. Instantiating this generic construction, we have two specific schemes, based on threshold Schnorr and threshold ECDSA, respectively. We further design two efficient $$\Sigma$$
Σ
-protocols for efficient proofs. We also implement these schemes, and the experiment results show that our schemes are practical with rich functionalities. Finally, we demonstrate interesting applications for blockchains, such as verifiable asset auctions in blockchain and traditional electronic bidding.
Clinical evaluation of primary endoscopic frontal sinus surgery grade 6 (Draf III) in patients with moderate to severe eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps: a randomized study
Authors: Elshamy Ibrahim Talal , Askar Mohammed Hamed , Khalifa Mohammed Adel , Tomoum Mohammed Osama , Hamad Mohammed Hesham Ali 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is an effective treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) that does not respond to proper conventional treatment. The Draf 2A frontal sinusotomy is the most used procedure for this purpose and Draf III is classically reserved for revision cases. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of primary endoscopic frontal sinus surgeries grade 6 (Draf III) on the clinical results of individuals with moderate to severe eosinophilic CRS with Nasal Polyps (CRS w NP).

Methods
This double-blinded, pilot randomized, prospective, controlled, work included 50 individuals who had moderate to severe eosinophilic CRS w NP. These individuals were separated into two groups. Group A: 25 individuals underwent wide corridor paranasal sinus surgery including endoscopic frontal sinus surgery grade 6 (Draf III). Group B: 25 patients received wide corridor paranasal sinus surgery including endoscopic frontal sinus surgery grade 1–3 (Draf I or IIa).

Results
Rhinologic symptom score, extra-nasal rhinologic score, psychological dysfunction score, facial/ear symptoms, sleep score, and total of SNOT 22 were significantly lower in follow-up at 1 year than preoperative in group Draf III and group Draf I or IIa (P value < 0.001) and were insignificantly different at preoperative among group A and group B while were significantly lower at 1 year in group A contrasted to group B (P value < 0.05). There were no substantial variations observed among both groups in terms of age, sex, or total follow-up time. The number of corticosteroid courses needed and total dose of systemic corticosteroids through 1 year postoperatively were significantly lower in group A than in group B (P value = 0.003 and 0.02, respectively). % of cohort exceeding minimal clinically important difference (MCID) improvement at 1 year was substantially greater in group A than group B (P value = 0.039).

Conclusion
The use of endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure (EMLP) as a primary surgery for patients with moderate to severe eosinophilic CRSwNP improved outcomes in those patients. The technique is well-tolerated and has a low rate of complications. It also helps in effectively managing medical conditions for individuals with AERD.