bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Milan Moguš, Povijest hrvatskoga književnoga jezika (Storia della lingua croata), /Globus/, Zagreb 1993, pp. 205
Authors: Vučetić Zorica 
Published: July 2021

Il libro del noto linguista Milan Moguš è un valido contributo alla storia della lin­ gua croata dall'iscrizione di Baška (Bašćanska ploča) fino ai nostri giorni. È la storia del croato scritto o letterario; essa è più complessa della storia della lingua standard dato che comprende anche i testi scritti la lingua dei quali non è stata soggetta alla stan­ dardizzazione. La letteratura croata, compresa in senso lato, come parte della ricca cul­ tura croata, contiene i testi scritti prima della standardizzazione, per cui in questo libro è descritto l'intero periodo della lingua croata scritta o letteraria. Alla base della lingua croata stanno tre parlate organiche (stocavo, caicavo e ciacavo) come dimostrano i testi scritti: i documenti, le lettere, le opere letterarie, le grammatiche, i dizionari ed altri testi. Nella sua storia la lingua croata era caratterizzata dalla continua compenetrazione di forti diversità e proprio da queste diversita il croato traeva una più profonda omo­ geneità. L'iscrizione di Baška (Bašćanska ploča) è un documento storico e linguistico che rappresenta con ragione il più antico monumento della lingua nazionale croata; ha tutte le caratteristiche della lingua a cavallo tra l' 11. e il 12. secolo. I primi testi nascono sul territorio del dialetto ciacavo, ma accanto ai testi con base ciacava appaiono ben presto quelli con base stocava.
Indications and Outcomes of Corneal Transplant Surgery in Ghana
Authors: Lartey Seth , Antwi-Adjei Ellen Konadu , Mohammed Abdul Kabir , Poku Emmanuel Owusu 
Published: July 2021

Background: Corneal blindness contributes to 25% of all blindness. We review corneal transplant, a common surgical remedy, in Ghana to determine indications and visual outcomes in resource-poor environments.
Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study of keratoplasty evaluating indications, pre- and postoperative outcomes complications and their associations, between January 2014 and December 2018 at a teaching hospital in Ghana. Descriptive statistics and McNemar’s test were used for the analyses.
Results: Seventy-five eyes were studied. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of patients was 45.08 ± 17.85 years, the majority being 20–39 years (58.7% were male). Pseudophakia bullous keratopathy (PBK) was the commonest indication for keratoplasty (26.7%) followed by keratoconus (21.3%). Preoperatively 96% of eyes were blind with vision <3/60 with 64% out of the total eyes with vision <1/60. Postoperatively, 60% of all grafts had uncorrected vision of 3/60 or better after the last follow-up. McNemar’s test revealed a statistically significant difference between postsurgical and pre-surgical visual acuity (VA) (p < 0. 001). The median follow-up period was 12 months. The commonest postsurgical complication was raised intraocular pressure (IOP) (22.7%) with a total of 14.7% of grafts failures.
Conclusion: In this setting, PBK is the leading indication for corneal transplant. Visual outcomes for corneal transplant in this resource poor area are not worse than in other settings. We need to pay attention to corneal transplant services to cater for the expected increase in PBK from the increasing cataract surgical rate.
Comparison of the Outcomes of Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery (MSICS) and Phacoemulsification (PHACO) in Ghana
Authors: Kyei Samuel , Zaabaar Ebenezer , Assiamah Frank , Kwarteng Michael Agyemang , Asiedu Kofi 
Published: July 2021

Background: The growing middle-class population of Ghana has seen more people being employed in visually demanding occupations and hence there is an increased desire for quality post-cataract surgical visual outcomes. This study aimed at comparing the outcomes of manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) and phacoemulsification (PHACO) among Ghanaians.
Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study in which records of patients who underwent MSCIS or phacoemulsification by the same surgeon were reviewed.
Results: Medical records of 248 eyes were reviewed, out of which 132 underwent PHACO and 116 had MSICS. A significant number of the PHACO group had good (6/6–6/18) uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) compared to the MSICS group at 1–2 weeks follow-up (p = 0.003) and 4–6 weeks follow-up (p = 0.002). MSICS resulted in a higher total astigmatic change compared to PHACO (p < 0.001). The PHACO grouphad a higher number of postoperative complications compared with the MSICS group (p <0.001). Postoperative borderline and poor uncorrected visual acuity were associated with age, total astigmatic change, and postoperative complications.
Conclusion: The postoperative UCVA outcomes at 4–6 weeks’ follow-up indicates that PHACO resulted in noticeably less spectacle dependency when compared to MSICS.
Review of Histology Results of Hand Masses: A South African Audit
Authors: Vyamungu Christian , Fru Pascaline , Sefeane Tatolo , Sathekga Cynthia , Ndobe Elias 
Published: July 2021

Background: Patients with hand masses present for consultation either for pain, loss of function, or cosmetic embarrassment caused by the mass. The majority of hand masses are benign soft tissue tumors. The aim was to review the histology results of hand masses operated on at the Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital Hand Unit in Johannesburg, South Africa, to explore the relationship of the types of masses according to age, sex, side, and compare the findings with what is in the current literature.
Methods: Patients operated on in the hand unit, for hand masses between April 2016 and April 2019 with histology results were included in the study for statistical analysis.
Results: There were 64 males and 105 females with a mean age of 41.03 ± 18.81 years. The most frequent masses were ganglion cysts. Females appeared to be more affected than males by the different hand masses, but there were no statistically significant differences. Of the 21 giant cell tumors, 15 occurred on the right hand (p-value = 0.021).
Conclusion: The profile of hand masses at a high-volume hand unit in Johannesburg, were comparable to the reported literature. There were no significant differences between sex and diagnosis, however, there was a relationship between diagnosis and side for giant cell tumors of tendon sheaths, requiring further exploration.
Anticonvulsant Activity of 80% Methanol Leaf Extract and Solvent Fractions of Buddleja polystachya Fresen. (Buddlejaceae) in Mice
Authors: Agedew Tewodros , Nedi Teshome , Umer Shemsu , Shibeshi Workineh 
Published: July 2021

Epilepsy is a chronic non-communicable disease characterized by recurrent seizures. According to 2019 WHO report, it affects about 50 million people globally and nearly 80% of them live in low-and middleincome countries. Current antiepileptic drugs have several limitations including lack of response in significant number of patients and intolerable adverse drug reactions. Buddleja polystachya Fresen. (Buddlejaceae) is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of epilepsy in Ethiopian traditional medicine, where the dried leaves are crushed, mixed with local alcoholic beverage and taken orally. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of the 80% methanol leaf extract and solvent fractions of B. polystachya in mice models of seizure. The dried and powdered leaves of B. polystachya were extracted using cold maceration with 80% methanol (1:5 w/v), and the resulting crude extract was fractionated using chloroform and n-butanol to get chloroform, n-butanol and aqueous fractions. Anticonvulsant activities of B. polystachya crude extract and solvent fractions at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg were evaluated using pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) and maximal electroshock (MES)–induced seizures in mice (n = 6). In addition, motor coordination effects were assessed using rotarod test. Sodium valproate (200 mg/kg), phenytoin (25 mg/kg) and diazepam (5 mg/kg) were used as standards for PTZ, MES and rotarod tests, respectively. Distilled water or 2% tween 80 was used as negative control. All doses of the crude extract exhibited a significant (p < 0.001) anticonvulsant property in both PTZ and MES tests compared with negative control. Similarly, the n-butanol fraction exerted significant (p < 0.001) anticonvulsant effects in both seizure models. However, the chloroform fraction (200 and 400 mg/kg) showed a significant (p < 0.001) anticonvulsant effect in only PTZ-induced seizure model. The aqueous fraction was devoid of any anticonvulsant activity in both models. The crude extract and fractions did not exert any significant changes in motor coordination. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the crude extract and solvent fractions revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, tannins, steroids, terpenoids and saponins. In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that the plant has a promising anticonvulsant activity and could be considered as a potential source to develop new anticonvulsant drug.
Determinants of Chronic Illness Among Aged Population in Ghana: A Multinomial Logit Approach
Authors: Nyarko C. C. , Agyarko K. , Nyarko P. K. , Brew L. 
Published: July 2021

Generally, the constant change in demographic trends among the aged depict gradual increase in the size of the aged population globally. The aged population is often capitalised with degenerative conditions such as chronic illness which affect their ability to function effectively and often require special support. Despite the increase in the size of the aged population and their associated degenerative conditions, very few descriptive studies on the determinants of chronic illness among the aged has been researched especially in developing countries such as Ghana and there is no compelling evidence on the association of chronic illness and its determinants. Thus, this study seeks to analyse and predict the impact of age, gender, education, marital status, Quality of Life (QoL), social cohesion, settlement and depression on chronic illness among the aged population in Ghana. From the studies a Multinomial Logit Regression (MLR) was employed to analyse the data obtained from the Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) under, Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE), 2012. It was revealed that out of the 1384 sampled, 71% had no chronic illness whilst 22% and 7% had one and two or more chronic illness respectively. Again, it was observed that, Depression State, Gender, Marital Status and Settlement Type (rural or urban) play significant roles in determining the likelihood of the aged getting chronic illness while Physical Function, Social Cohesion, QoL, Age and Education Level were not statistically significant determinants of chronic illness. Our findings demonstrate that chronic illness among the aged is constantly increasing in Ghana especially in the urban communities and need to be addressed urgently through governmental policies and programs in the quest to help salvage the deteriorating conditions of the aged.

Keywords: Aged Population, Multinomial Logit Model, Chronic Illness
Effects of banditry on income and livelihoods of yam marketers in Shiroro Local Government Area of Niger State, Nigeria
Authors: Mohammed U. , Umar I.S. , Olaleye R.S. , Pelemo J.J. , Ahmad B.S. , Mohammed U. , Umar A. 
Published: July 2021

The study was on effects of banditry on income and livelihoods of yam marketers in Shiroro Local Government Area of Niger State, Nigeria. Banditry is one the major confronting production and marketing of yam in Shiroro Local Government of Niger State. The activities on banditry over the years have paralysed economic activities since majority of the populace derived their livelihood from farming. The menace posed by banditry has affected rural populace income livelihood thereby making them sojourning in the neighbouring Local Government Area. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 197 of yam marketers. Data were collected using structured questionnaire and interview scheduled. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics (percentages, frequency, count and mean), multiple regression and livelihoods status index. The results revealed that majority of respondents were male with long year of experience in yam marketing. The coefficient of low participation on weekly contribution (Adashi) (1.9823.93) was negatively significant at 10% level of probability. Also, 84.8% of the respondents in the study area were of very low livelihood status. Displacement of yam marketers from their native markets to nearby markets (x̅=2.42) and rising of the price of yam stead (x̅=2.20) were the major constraints faced by yam marketers. It was recommended that yam marketers should diversify into other income generating activities in order to improve their livelihood status and government should collaborate with village heads for provision of security for yam marketers.
National Integration and Peaceful Co-Existence in Nigeria: The Role of Inter-Ethnic/Inter-Religious Marriages
Authors: Chukwu Christian Emeka 
Published: July 2021

It is no longer news that Nigeria as one united political and geographical entity has continued to experience inter-religious and inter-ethnic sentiments bickering, misunderstanding, mistrust which have constantly snowballed into crisis of tremendous proportion. As a result, many innocent lives and properties worth billions of naira have been lost. This ugly situation has continued to threaten the corporate existence of Nigeria and retrogressively affected the socioeconomic development of Nigeria. However, when there is no genuine effort to bring about genuine national integration, peaceful coexistence will definitely be a mirage. One of the factors or strategies identified as capable of fostering national integration and guaranteeing peaceful co-existence is inter-ethnic, inter-religious and even inter-communal marriages among the people of different ethnic groups and adherents of different religions in Nigeria. This paper clarifies concepts in the write-up and also points out how intermarriages can foster peace and unity. It also recommends that traditional and religious leaders should be encouraged to inspire those they watch over to embrace this type of mixed marriage in order to achieve sustainable national development and most importantly promote peaceful coexistence among different ethnic groups in Nigeria
Sex Education: Ancient Israel and Igbo Traditional Practices
Authors: Dike Uzoma Amos , Okwueze M.I. 
Published: July 2021

Every human (male and female) is a sexual being. Exploring and experiencing one’s sexuality is part of being human. Unfortunately, human’s curiosity and interest concerning sexuality are not always guided and nurtured in a wholesome way because sex is viewed as sacred and talking about it constitutes a taboo. Hence, many parents are at ease to teach their children about virtually every other thing in life, but they usually do not, however, teach about sexuality with similar ease. As a result, many grow into adulthood with partial and distorted views of human sexuality. The aim of the study was to discover the teachings of Proverbs 7:24-27 on sex education along traditional practices in tone with sex education in Igbo culture and determine the place of proper sex education for better dealing and understanding of human sexuality. The study adopted African inculturation hermeneutics which makes African social cultural context the subject of interpretation. The study revealed that sex education was integral to the training of the young adults in ancient Israel Igbo cultures. However, the study observed some areas of strength and weaknesses of sexuality training in Igbo traditional practices. Thus, the research upheld that the instructions on human sexuality preserved in the book of Proverbs are very relevant in strengthening the contemporary Igbo culture and her traditional practices in the training of young adults in the areas of chastity. Therefore, the paper called for proper sex education in the Igbo society to instill sexual purity among youths of contemporary Igbo society.
Formação executiva em BIM: disciplina Plano de Execução BIM
Authors: Cruz Braulio Verissimo , Santos Eduardo Ribeiro dos 
Published: July 2021

A indústria da construção vem exigindo que as empresas de projeto e construção utilizem no desenvolvimento de seus trabalhos os recursos oferecidos pelo BIM para projetar, executar, operar e manter o edifício. Diante deste cenário, começa a ter a necessidade de um planejamento para que o processo através do BIM aconteça de forma suave e com sucesso. A disciplina de Plano de Execução BIM, parte do curso de Formação Executiva em BIM oferecido pela Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV) foi desenvolvida para dar suporte a profissionais que atuam no nível estratégico das organizações ligadas direta ou indiretamente à indústria da construção civil. Ela é contemporânea ao momento de esforço na tradução e adaptação da norma 19650-2. Tal norma trata da organização e digitalização de informações sobre edifícios e obras de engenharia civil, incluindo BIM, nessa parte 2, versando sobre a entrega dos ativos.
A organização da disciplina foi indexada às etapas cronológicas de um Plano de Execução BIM desde a fase de contratação dos trabalhos. Essa disciplina foi dividida em quatro etapas que corresponderam a quatro aulas com duração de quatro horas numa carga horária total de 16 horas. Os conteúdos foram distribuídos de forma que cada aula tenha de três a quatro etapas da estrutura de um BEP, ficando a última aula reservada ao desenvolvimento de um mini BEP dentro do contexto e da necessidade de cada aluno.
Essa disciplina aponta os procedimentos para a execução dos projetos, desde os requisitos de informação para a contração das diversas partes envolvidas no processo até o plano de Execução BIM em si. Parte da didática das aulas se vale da participação dos alunos formando equipes que são estimuladas através de dinâmicas de discussão a resolver questões diretamente ligadas ao Plano de Execução BIM. As habilidades desenvolvidas nas disciplinas foram trabalhadas em dinâmicas que seguiram uma abordagem com aplicação direta ao contexto de cada aluno. A metodologia de ensino priorizou as atividades integradas que foram ambientadas em aplicativos de colaboração síncrona e colaborativa como Slido e Jumboard.
Apresentação no YouTube: https://youtu.be/UWO2CMbDlNI
BANTUAN KEBUTUHAN ANAK DAN PEREMPUAN BAGI WARGA TERDAMPAK BANJIR DI WILAYAH SUNGAI LULUT BANJARMASIN KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Sitompul Dania Relina , Martini Margareta , Er Unja Ermeisi , Oktovin Oktovin 
Published: July 2021

Bencana banjir merupakan bencana hidrometeorologi yang sering terjadi di Indonesia. Salah satu yang juga mengalami musibah banjir adalah Kota Banjarmasin Kalimantan Selatan pada pertengahan hingga akhir Januari 2021. Akan tetapi, musibah banjir besar ini baru pertama kali terjadi. Distribusi bantuan bagi korban banjir terus dilakukan, namun ada beberapa wilayah yang belum menerima bantuan dalam bentuk apapun. Salah satunya adalah masyarakat kelompok khusus yaitu perempuan dan anak-anak di wilayah sungai lulut, Komplek Graha Sejahtera 1, Blok Graha 1, Jalur B Banjarmasin, karena terputusnya akses jalan. Tim Pengabdi mencoba memecahkan masalah dengan metode community development, dengan kegiatan pemeriksaan kesehatan, bantuan logistik khusus bagi perempuan, bayi dan anak-anak. Hasil dari kegiatan ini sebanyak 68 warga perempuan (remaja dan wanita usia subur) serta 4 bayi dan 24 anak-anak telah mendapatkan bantuan. Hasil survey kepuasan juga menunjukan mayoritas kelompok sasaran merasa sangat puas karena telah mendapatkan bantuan sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Kesimpulan bahwa masyarakat kelompok rentan yaitu perempuan dan anak-anak korban bencana sangat mengharapkan bantuan baik itu pemenuhan kebutuhan dan juga pemantauan kesehatan.

Kata Kunci : Bantuan Kesehatan, Bencana Banjir, Masyarakat Kelompok Rentan
Metastatic melanoma cells are selective affected in vitro by Atropa belladonna 200 c.
Authors: Ferreira dos Santos Maria Luiza , Pendiuk Gonçalves Jenifer , Costa Gagosian Viviana Stephanie , Rodrigues Rossi Gustavo , Da Silva Trindade Edvaldo , De Oliveira Carolina Camargo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Cancers are among the top 10 causes of death worldwide. Melanoma is a skin cancer originated from mutations on melanocytes. Transformed melanocytes can migrate and invade tissues in a process called metastasis. When early diagnosed, melanoma is curable by surgical excision. However, when metastatic, cells are refractory to existing therapies and patient survival rates are low. New therapeutic interventions with effective results on melanoma cells that could increase long term patients’ survival rates are needed. Over the past decade our group has been using cell-based models to determine highly diluted solutions effects. Several compounds have been tested on normal and tumor cells with promising results that could indicate the efficacy of homeopathy on selected cases.
Aims: To investigate Atropa belladonna 200 c (Bell200c) in vitro antitumor effects on B16-F10 metastatic murine melanoma cells and its toxicity on Balb/3T3 normal murine fibroblasts.
Methodology: Atropa belladonna 200c was produced and kindly donated by “Homeoterápica” compounding pharmacy (Curitiba, Brazil). Cells were treated for up to 72 hours. Assays to determine cytotoxicity, as well as functional and molecular cell patterns were carried out following standard protocols. Water treated cells were used as control group. All data were submitted to Shapiro-Wilk normality test followed by either Mann-Whitney or t-test. P value < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results and discussion: Cancer cells accelerated proliferation rates are often target for chemotherapeutic agents. Bell200c modulated cell cycle, leading to a decreased melanoma cell proliferation (44% less cells then control), and an increase in apoptotic cells number. If unspecific, those effects can lead to undesirable toxicity. Amazingly, no effects on fibroblast proliferation and death were observed. Melanoma cells malignancy was also affected, as the following tumor progression related features were modulated. Melanin production was higher in treated cells. N-cadherin and CD44 expression were statistically decreased. Clonogenic capacity was decreased by 35%. Here we have demonstrated Bell200c selective effects on melanoma cells with remarkable capacity of impairing metastatic melanoma characteristics.
Conclusion: Atropa belladonna has a prospective use in metastatic melanoma patients as a potential tumor progression regulator.
Keywords: in vitro testing, high dilution, B16-F10, melanoma.
Polymorphism analysis and expression patterns of the &lt;i&gt;IGF1&lt;/i&gt; gene in the Shitou goose
Authors: Tang Jun , Guo Mao , Fu Jing , Ouyang Hongjia , Tian Yunbo , Shen Xu , Huang Yunmao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is one of the
endocrine hormones that plays an important role in regulating
growth and development of animals. In this study, polymorphism in the 5′UTR
and 3′UTR coding region and of the IGF1 gene was detected by DNA sequencing
technology, and the abundance of IGF1 mRNA in various tissues at three growth
stages of the Shitou goose was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction
(qRT-PCR). Moreover, the differential expression of IGF1 in various tissues
between the Shitou goose and Wuzong goose was revealed. Two single nucleotide
polymorphisms (SNPs) were found in the exon3 region of IGF1 in the Shitou goose. IGF1 mRNA
was extensively expressed in various tissues of Shitou geese with high
abundant expression in the liver, breast muscle and leg muscle at three growth
stages. IGF1 mRNA expression showed a trend of first increase and then decrease
in the pituitary, liver, subcutaneous fat and abdominal fat tissues, but it
decreased in the breast muscle and leg muscle of a Shitou goose with growing age.
Expression of IGF1 in the liver, leg muscle and pituitary tissues of the Shitou goose
was significantly higher than that of the Wuzong goose. This provides a
foundation for further study of regulatory mechanisms of IGF1 in the growth and
development of geese.