bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community Attitudes and Knowledge on Conservation of Rothschild’s Giraffes in Ruma National Park and Mwea National Reserve in Kenya
Authors: Gathuku George Njagi , Gichuki Cecilia , Ngare Innocent , Otieno Margaret 
Published: October 2021

The attitude and conservation knowledge of Rothschild’s giraffe ecosystems by host communities is critical in sustainability of parks and reserves in Kenya. This study was conducted in two different giraffe habitats, namely Ruma National Park and Mwea National Reserve in Kenya. The objective of the study was to assess the attitudes and wildlife conservation knowledge of the local community towards the adjacent protected area. A descriptive research design that involved administering of closed ended questionnaires in the survey was used to obtain data from the local Community. Binary logistic regression was applied on statistical data to ascertain the relationship between independent variables and the dependent variables of the study. To ascertain the intensity of attitudes and knowledge, a likert scale was used. In addition, a statistical significance (p ≤ 0.05) was used to ascertain inferences from the results. The results indicate that, the community’s perception of wildlife conservation Knowledge was moderate χ2 (1,315) =31.641, p=0.000. Their attitude score based on the rating of the future of the Park and Reserve was low (F (4, 275) = 11.104, p = 0.000). However, the majority of the community (90%) felt the need to be involved further in the process of decision making in matters pertaining to conservation of the park and the reserve. Based on the findings, the study recommends that, Kenya Wildlife Service should involve the community in the decision making and management of these protected areas. In addition, the host communities should be capacity built on wildlife conservation approaches in Ruma National Park and Mwea National Reserve.
Effect of Dietary Lipid Sources on Feed Utilization, Growth Efficiency and Carcass Composition of Clarias gariepinus Juveniles
Authors: Nwakaji S. , Aliu B. S. , Nwose F. O. 
Published: October 2021

This study was designed to investigate plant and animal lipid that can enhance feed utilization, growth, and survival of Clarias gariepinus Juveniles. Juveniles with mean weight 32.50±0.5g were stocked randomly to seven tanks replicated thrice, with each tank having seven fish each and were fed with the prepared diets with varied lipid. 40% crude protein and isocaloric diets with digestible energy of 2,933.76Kcal were formulated and labelled Diet 1-7 with different sources of plant and animal lipids. Diet 1, 2 and 3 contained palm oil, Groundnut oil and soybean oil respectively, while diet 4, 5 and 6 contained Pork lard, Cod Liver oil and Beef tallow. Diet 7 (Control diet without any lipid source).
The result showed that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and survival rates among the diets. The mean weight gain was highest in fish fed with pork lard (22.12g) while the lowest value of 15.36g was recorded in fish fed with soybean oil. Relative weight gains and feed intake showed no significant difference (P>0.05) between fish fed lipids of plant origin. However, there was significant difference (P<0.05) among fish fed lipids from animal origin. The Highest Total Cholesterol (28.18 mg/dl) was recorded in fish fed beef tallow as lipid sources while the least value of low-density cholesterol (value of 2.26 mg/dl) was recorded in fish fed with soybean oil. In conclusion, C. gariepinus was able to utilize animal-based lipid sources more in terms of growth and feed utilization while the lipid profile result of the individual carcass after the culture period showed that C. gariepinus fed lipid from plant sources had a slightly better cholesterol level than those fed lipid of animal sources.
The Influence of Smoking on Choroidal, Macular and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness
Authors: El Rokh Mona Ahmed , Gaber Raouf Ahmed , Eldesoky Elsaed Ebrahem , Ghoraba Hamouda Hamdy 
Published: October 2021

Background: Smoking is one of the most serious health hazards because it affects every organ in our bodies. Cigarette smoking increases the chance of developing systemic and ocular vascular diseases significantly. Although the exact mechanism behind the association between ocular vascular disorders and smoking are unknown, the peripheral vasoconstriction action of nicotine is believed to lead to an increase in peripheral blood flow resistance. This study was designed to examine the impact of smoking with Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) on the peripapillary retinal nerve fibre (RNFL), macular, and choroidal thickness.
Methods: This prospective study was done on 50. It included 25 healthy cigarette smokers with no systemic or ocular illness and another 25 age- and gender-matched healthy non-smokers.
Results: The smoking group had a substantial reduction in central macular and choroidal thickness as compared to the nonsmoker group. The RNFL peripapillary thickness across groups was not significantly altered, with the exception of the temporal (T) quadrant which was significantly thinner in the smoking group. This study discovered a substantial negative correlation between peripapillary RNFL, central macular thickness, and smoking exposure.
Conclusions: Smoking reduces the mean thickness of the peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (particularly in the temporal quadrant), the choroidal layer, and the central macular layer statistically significantly.
Treatment Efficiency of Drill Cuttings Using Thermal Desorption Technology
Authors: Emeka Nwosu, Barry , Joel Ogbonna F. 
Published: October 2021

Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze and determine the treatment efficiency of drill cuttings using the Thermal Desorption Technology.
Study Design: Drill cuttings were obtained from a work-over drilling operation with samples obtained at a depth of 2,750m from a typical well for this baseline study. The aim is to analyze the physical and chemical characteristics of the drill cuttings in a laboratory before and after the thermal desorption processes. A second drill cutting sample from another field location at the same depth of 2,750m was used for comparison during the analysis.
Place and Duration of Study: Port Harcourt, Rivers state, Nigeria (Laboratory analysis was done at Anal Concept Ltd, Port Harcourt, Rivers state, Nigeria and the thermal desorption unit is situated at the Initiates Plc, Etche LGA, Rivers state, Nigeria).
Methodology: A representative sample feedstock of cuttings was collected before and after the thermal treatment. The drill cutting sample was taken from a mixing tank by using a cup and auger. The samples of the cuttings were made for each case of the grab samples, and the samples later transferred into 500mL glass bottles. The sample contaminants were analyzed in a chemical laboratory using standard methods for determining the pH level, Electrical Conductivity, Moisture Content, Organic Pollutants and Heavy Metals.
Results: The result showed significant reductions in all the pollutant concentrations after the drill cuttings were treated with the Thermal Desorption Unit. Moisture Content (MC) and the Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) decreased significantly by 86% and 93% respectively. The concentration of the combination of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene (BTEX) reduced drastically by 98% and the heavy metals concentration levels were also reduced after treatment with the TDU. Also, the laboratory analysis result of the treated drill cuttings shows that the pH level, Electrical Conductivity, Moisture Content, Organic Pollutants and Heavy Metals concentrations did not exceed the recommended Department of Petroleum Resources (D.P.R) limits.
Conclusion: This research reveals that the thermal desorption technology is the most economical, efficient and environmentally friendly method of waste management due to its contaminant removal efficiency. This method enhances product recovery and subsequent recycling which helps to reduce environmental impact and prevent economic losses.
Histopathological Correlation in Different Types of Leprosy in a Tertiary Health Care Centre
Authors: Ravali M. , Thomas Jayakar 
Published: October 2021

Hansen’s disease or Leprosy, is a chronic infectious disease that is contagious and has a slow evolution. It affects mainly skin and schwann cells in the peripheral nerves and causes peripheral neuropathy which contributes to the permanent functional impairments [1]. It is caused by a rod shaped,acid fast staining bacteria known as Mycobacterium Leprae which has parallel sides, round ends and a characteristic bundle of cigar appearance due to the presence of a glial substance which is a surface lipid that makes the bacilli to be arranged side by side in parallel arrays [2]. It has a distinctive empathy towards the peripheral nerves where it establishes originally therefore it is the site where the pathological processes start mainly with the principal target being Schwann cell [3,4]. Amidst the communicable diseases, Leprosy is the most common cause of physical disabilities which is permanent. When the bacterium enters a person with good cell-mediated immunity against it, it gets destroyed. If there is a slight impairment in the cell-mediated immunity against it, some bacilli will multiply and a lesion develops. Depending upon the immune status of a host, it expresses itself in different clinico-histopathological forms [5]. Ridley and Jopling suggested a five-group classification of leprosy known as immunological classification based upon the immunological status of the patient as (a) tuberculoid (TT), (b) borderline tuberculoid (BT), (c) mid-borderline (BB), (d) borderline lepromatous (BL) and (e) lepromatous (LL) [6]. Bacteriological, immunological, clinical and histopathological features exhibit continuous but slow changes from one pole to another pole. The main disadvantage of this classification is that there is no specific position for pure neuritic as well as indeterminate leprosy in the spectrum [7].
IMPROVING PUBLIC AWARENESS OF EARTHQUAKE-RESISTANT HOUSE USING FACTOR ANALYSIS
Authors: Hariyanto Agus Dwi , Triyadi Sugeng , Widyowijatnoko Andry 
Published: October 2021

Public awareness of earthquake-resistant houses can increase the region's resilience to earthquake disasters. This study aims to conduct a comparison of two different groups of people on their opinion of earthquake-resistant housing variables and actions to increase the quality of their house. For supporting public awareness of earthquake-resistant houses, the purpose also determines the latent variables of earthquake-resistant houses and actions from the public for improving the quality of the residential building. This quantitative research begins by collecting the earthquake-resistant house attributes through journal reviews. This study used a closed-ended questionnaire to collect data on public experiences of earthquake disasters. For data analysis, it used correlation analysis to determine the level of relationship between two variables and utilizes factor analysis to reduce the variable to a small number of factors. The two groups that have different experiences of earthquakes tend to have similar opinions about the characteristics of earthquake-resistant houses and the actions for improving the quality of residential buildings. The five factors of the earthquake-resistant housing are safe structural construction, fixed architectural elements, open accessibility, lightweight-ductile material, and simple floor plan. Then the three factors represent the actions for improving residential quality, namely, to improve material and structure, build an earthquake-resistant house, and make accessibility easy and safe.
URBAN GEOMETRY: CITY SHAPE AND SPATIAL LAYOUT OF 6 INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT CENTERS
Authors: Romdhoni Muhammad Fajri , Rashid Mahbub 
Published: October 2021

Indonesia is one of the fastest-growing countries. It has about 50% of the population in the ASEAN region. The country is currently evolving and changing. The recent highlight is the country's plan to create a new capital city – moving from the megalopolitan Jakarta in the Java island to a new remote area in East Kalimantan. However, research on Indonesian cities remains very limited to provide an evidence base for planning a new capital city. A fundamental question arises: Should we plan Indonesia's new capital city following western models, or should we plan the city using traditional Indonesian city patterns? This paper examines urban geometry to show similarities and differences in the government centers in 6 Indonesian provincial capitals. They are Jakarta, Bandung, Medan, Palembang, Surabaya, and the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The six capital cities will be analyzed and categorized using street grid patterns, street centrality, built-up area and open space distribution, and government center distances. This systematic and quantitative comparison of Cities will define the underlying traits and footprint in these Indonesian cities, and the findings could be considered suggestions and guidelines for the new Indonesian capital city. This study utilizes methods and measures using automation techniques to analyze and classify Indonesian government centers based on street networks and urban geometry. The methods include land use recognition techniques using satellite images; OpenStreetMap (OSM) processed using OSMnx; GIS multi-platform applications to run the spatial analysis. On the one hand, the study should contribute to urban design and capital city planning in Indonesia. On the other hand, it should provide methods for comparative studies of cities in developing countries.
Sociocultural-Interactive Learning Strategies Employed by Students of Social Science and Engineering Studies
Authors: Chandra Yulianto 
Published: October 2021

This study aims to find how frequently employed are Sociocultural-Interactive (SCI) learning strategies by high-proficiency students of English for Academic Purpose at Petra Christian University in Surabaya, Indonesia. The study’s theoretical framework is from Oxford’s (2011) S2R Model. To know the employment frequency of the strategies, questionnaire was distributed to 33 students classified as high-proficiency students. These students were divided into two groups based on the fields of study: social science and engineering. Descriptive statistics was used to see which strategy is more frequently used. Furthermore, to see if there is a significant statistical difference between the two groups, Independent T Test was conducted. The findings suggested that although, in general, social science students used SCI strategies more frequently, there was no significant statistical difference between the two groups regarding their employment of the strategies. Additionally, the findings revealed the SCI strategies have not been maximally used in learning English. Keywords: learning strategies, sociocultural-interactive, high-proficiency, fields of study
Increasing the Brand Awareness of PT. Erindo Mandiri’s Products through a Website
Authors: Liando Jocelyn 
Published: October 2021

A website is important because it would increase the brand awareness of a product or service for brand awareness is closely associated with promotional tool. The goal here is to promote and introduce the product or service of a business to the public. PT. Erindo Mandiri was established in 1990 as a manufacturer of mineral water. The main product of the company is Aquase mineral water that have different packaging - cups, bottles, and gallons. The main problem the company is facing is the low brand awareness of their products. The problems make only few people know about the products. This problem led PT. Erindo Mandiri to have a low-income rates problem. This inability is caused by the lack of appropriate tool used by the salesperson to explain and promote the products to agents and retailers. Therefore, the solution to PT. Erindo Mandiri is to improve or change the current website. This website can help the marketing staff to promote the company’s product more effectively to agents and retailers. Then, they will be attracted to buy our products and do partnership with the company. Keywords: brand awareness, promotional tools, company website.
HERS: Understanding the Reason Behind a Woman’s Choice not to Get Married
Authors: Thiono Gabriella 
Published: October 2021

This creative project is a screenplay. The screenplay is about a woman who struggles to defy the idea of getting married. In the New Order, President Soeharto led Indonesia using Javanese culture. Until today, there is a belief that women in Indonesia are obliged to get married because of the culture. In Javanese culture, there is a value called 3M (macak, masak, manak). The value created a definition of a true woman. A true woman has to be able to look pretty and cook. In order to fulfil the third value, a woman has to get married and have a family. This value burdens some modern Indonesian women, especially those who have careers. Through this screenplay, I want to encourage women that being married is a matter of choice and not an obligation. Keywords: Indonesian women, Javanese value, Javanese culture, marriage, single woman.
The Study of Teacher Role in Writing 3 Class at the English Department of Petra Christian University
Authors: Lay Carmelia 
Published: October 2021

In this study, the writer discussed types of teacher role in Writing 3 class at English Department of Petra Christian University. The purpose of this study was to find out the types of teacher roles and different treatments between regular and repeater students. The subject of this study was a lecturer teaching Writing 3 class at English Department of Petra Christian University. The theories used by the writer were types of teacher roles in writing class by Harmer (2007) and Richards (2015). The writer used classroom observation and video recording to collect the data. The findings of this study revealed that there were eight types of teacher role out of nine seen in Writing 3 class which were resource/facilitator, feedback provider/evaluator, motivator, expert writer, cultural informant, collaborator, investigator, and problem solver. As for the treatment, there were different treatments between regular and repeater students. From this study, it could be concluded that the teacher played eight roles out of nine types of teacher roles based on what the students needed and the teacher gave more attention to the repeater students. Key words: Teacher roles, repeater students, regular students, treatment
Increasing the Brand Awareness of Sans Power’s Consumers in its Marketing Booklet
Authors: Marselina Claudia 
Published: October 2021

This paper aims at overcoming the problem faced by Sans Power by creating a marketing booklet as the solution. Sans Power is a trading company selling solar-energy products, like solar water pumps and solar panels. It offers a variety of solar water pumps based on the function, which are Submersible Solar Pump, Surface Solar Pump, and Solar Pool Pump. The main problem Sans Power is currently facing is the salespeople find it hard to explain to its customers and prospects about the uniqueness of buying Sans Power’s products. Therefore, a marketing booklet emphasizing the uniqueness of the products would be a solution. The marketing booklet will become the tool for the sales and marketing team to offer the unique benefits the customers can get. It will also make customers know more about Sans Power’s products and services, which can attract them increasing the sales. Keywords: promotion, promotional tool, marketing booklet, brand, brand awareness, unique selling point.
Phonetic Errors Produced by Students of Speaking 2 of the English Department of Petra Christian University
Authors: Putra Oscar Jodi 
Published: October 2021

This study analyzed phonetic errors found in the students of Speaking 2 of the English Department of Petra Christian University. There were sixteen students taking part in this study. The main theories for this study are from Celce-Murcia, Brinton, & Goodwin (2004) on the production of English consonants and Moeliono and Dardjowidjojo (2003) on the production of Indonesian consonants. The method used was qualitative approach. The researcher had the students read four short passages to find out the kinds of phonetic errors and interviewed them to find out what factors that might affect their pronunciation, which contains phonetic errors. The findings revealed fourteen deviation patterns found from the four target consonants observed, mainly caused by the non-existence of the target sounds in students’ mother tongue. Additionally, the findings also showed that the learners’ attitude towards the language was the most important factor influencing their pronunciation level. Keywords: Phonetic, errors, phonetic errors
The Survivors: Self-Determination and How It Helps Youngsters to Face the Challenges at the Work Place
Authors: Salelatu Maria Kristina 
Published: October 2021

As a screenplay project about youngsters’ work life, The Survivors follows a story of three young interns named Clara, Sebastian, and Bakti in their journey during the internship program held by a famous e-commerce company. Having not enough experience working in a company, the interns have a hard time to survive in the company. Moreover, they also have non-work related problems. Luckily, these interns later learn about Self-Determination. Being self-determined means that the interns can intrinsically motivate themselves, do things by their own initiative, and also decide things based on their moral or values. Using Deci & Ryan’s Self Determination Theory in work life context, the creative work shows the importance of self-determination in facing the challenges at the work place and how youngsters can actually gain self-determination. The genre is Dramedy as it shows what usually happens to youngsters in a work place then filled it with humors so that it can be entertaining. Keywords: Youngsters, The Survivors, Dramedy, Internship, Work Life, Work Place
The Criteria of Ideal Man as Seen from Female Gaze in Free!
Authors: Berlian Dita 
Published: October 2021

Japanese animations (anime) are worldwide known. They are targeted to various kinds of audience. A drama-sport anime entitled Free! is rarely found as the targeted audience is female audience. Because Free! targets female audience, the definition of the ideal men is defined from the point of view of the female audience. Therefore, the gaze which is used to identify the male protagonists is female gaze. By using the theory of male gaze and traditional male sex role themes, I found that there is a combination of masculinity and femininity in the male protagonists in Free!. The combined characteristics are shown in the physical appearance, personality traits, and roles. The appearance of this type of an ideal man leads to a new concept in Japan which is called bishōnen. Keywords: Anime, ideal man, masculinity, femininity, female gaze, bishōnen.
The Exercise of Power and Its Resistance in Isle of Dogs
Authors: Veva Gracia 
Published: October 2021

This study attempts to show the forms of power exercised by a government and the resistance by the powerless in Isle of Dogs. In this study, I focus on power relations between the government led by Mayor Kobayashi and the powerless party which are the people and dogs. I address two problems which are the way the government exercises power and the way the powerless resists it. I use Foucauldian power relations and the concept of propaganda by Michel Sproule to help me analyze the problems. From the analysis, I find that power is exercised by the subjects who are able to manipulate others from their strategic position. I also found that power is fluid, and it transforms as it faces struggle and resistance. Finally, I find that in the field of power relations in a democratic society, people have a big role in determining the form and strength of the power that circulates in that society. Keywords: Power, Resistance, Strategy, Democracy, Obedience.