bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precarious Living: Assessing the Disaster Risk Vulnerability of Selected Informal Settlers in Dasmariñas City, Philippines
Authors: Aguilar Maria Virginia 
Published: April 2021

From the perspective of disaster management, the proliferation of slums and informal settlers pose a serious problem because their economic status inadvertently drive them to spaces unsuitable for housing. The informal settler often reside in areas prone to flooding, seismic activity and landslides exposing them to a vicious repeat cycle of destruction and loss of life. Sitio Bato, a newly-formed informal settlers’ community in Dasmarinas City, Philippines, is a case point. Situated near a creek and without electricity and water connection (at the start of study in 2019), the residents are seemingly susceptible to disaster hazards. Against this backdrop, this study seeks to discuss the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the residents of Sitio Bato regarding their vulnerability to disasters and the views of selected local government officials regarding the self-assessment of the informal settlers. Through survey among household heads and key informant interviews of local leaders, the following findings were notable in the study. First, the residents were knowledgeable of preventive mechanisms of floods, such as the important function of trees and proper waste disposal to exclude waterways. The residents’ neighborhood organization is recognized by the barangay officials, and hence, their attendance to seminars/training on disaster management might have helped. Second, in terms of attitude, it appears that it is innate for the informal settlers to care for their neighbors, and thus, it is part of their daily activity to check on each other’s family. The lack of electricity encourage them to stay outdoors and talk to each other, strengthening their bond. Third, in terms of practice, disposal of trash to the creek is not done, and hence, water from the creek flows without obstruction. Recyclable trash coming from communities in the upper part of the creek are collected by a few Sitio Bato residents. Overall, residents do not perceive that their living in Sitio Bato as precarious or hazardous. Local officials generally perceive the city’s informal settlers as “privileged” because the services offered by the city government is received by everyone, regardless of the legality of their residence.
The adaptation of scientific reasoning of prospective teachers for primary education in the perspective of civic science
Authors: Hidayah Yayuk , Dewi Dinie Anggraeni , Trihastuti Meiwatizal 
Published: April 2021

This article aims to determine the adaptation of prospective elementary school teachers' scientific reasoning from a civic science perspective through seminar courses on elementary schools' educational problems. The issue of distance learning during the Corona Virus Disease (Covid) 19 pandemic in Indonesia has led to various highlights and analyzes. The learning scheme's quality and learning scheme are among the most popular questions in this learning scheme. This research uses a case study with a qualitative approach with data collection using interviews, observation, documentation, and literature studies. The results showed that the adaptation of the scientific reasoning of prospective elementary school teachers in a civic science perspective through the Seminar on Educational Problems in Primary Schools has several characteristics, that is: 1) educational problems in primary schools captured by dominant students in technological literacy, 2) study of educational problems in schools fundamental relates to the realization of smart and good citizens that reflected in attitudes and behavior in the Covid-19 pandemic situation, and 3) there is character building in the adaptation of scientific reasoning in the civic science perspective. Therefore, the research expects to have implications in developing civic education knowledge, especially in elementary school, which aims to strengthen the study of civic education.
The relationship between education level, retirement status, and civic engagement among older adults in Indonesia
Authors: Winata I Komang 
Published: April 2021

The Indonesian population is aging very rapidly and as the number of old people increases, the number of retirees increases as well. Many scholars have argued the benefits of civic engagement in old age, but there is lack of empirical evidence of the factors associated with civic engagement in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between education levels, retirement status, and civic engagement among older adults in Indonesia. The study used data from the fifth wave of the Indonesia Family and Life Survey which was held in late 2014 and early 2015. The study included participants aged 56 years and older, the mandatory age for retirement in 2014 in Indonesia. Multiple regression was modelled for data analysis. The main results revealed that those who completed junior and senior high school and high education exhibited more civic engagement than those who completed only primary education. Moreover, the study found that those who were retired were less engaged in civic activities than those still in labor force. These relationships held true even after controlling for gender, age, marital status, personality traits, religiosity, and self-rated health variables. To strengthen democracy and growth, education needs to be re-emphasized and there is need for further investigation concerning retirement and civic engagement in Indonesia.
HYMENOPTERA TOXINS: BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY, PHARMACEUTICAL AND THERAPEUTIC USES
Authors: SHARMA SIMRAN , UPADHYAY RAVI KANT 
Published: April 2021

The present review article explains the salient features of hornet venom toxins, their physiological, biological and pharmacological effect on animals and man. Hornets sting very fast and inflict venom, which is more dangerous than those of bees. Hornet venom contains both proteinaceous and non-proteinaceous peptides i.e. scapin, adolapin, mellitin, mastoparans and enzymes, mainly phospholipase and hyaluronidase, which show multiple biological effects i.e. cytolytic, hemotoxic, neuro-inhibitor, anticancer, anti-parasitic, immune hypersensitive, inflammatory, antimicrobial and anti-insect activities. Hornet stings are more painful to humans than typical wasp stings because hornet venom contains a large amount (5%) of acetylcholine. Hornet toxin components interact with receptors, ion channels and gated channels and affect the permeability functions of cells. Heavy envenomation shows quick pathophysiological lethal effects in man and pet. This article emphasizes the use of various hornet venom components for the production of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic and analgesic, anticancer drugs and insecticides. Hornet venom allergens could be used to prepare the rational design of component-resolved diagnosis of allergy and venom immunotherapy of inflicting patients.
ANTIOXIDANT, PTP 1B INHIBITION AND Α-AMYLASE INHIBITION PROPERTY AND GC-MS ANALYSIS OF METHANOLIC LEAVES EXTRACT OF ACHYRANTHES ASPERA AND CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS OF NEPAL
Authors: YASHODA KARKI , DEEGENDRA KHADKA , BIMALA SUBBA 
Published: April 2021

Objective: The present study was designed to study phytochemicals and biological activities of the methanolic extracts of two traditional medicine plants Achyranthes aspera and Catharanthus roseus of Nepalese origin.
Methods: Plant extracts were prepared by cold percolation method. Antioxidant activity, brine shrimp lethality assay, and analysis of phytochemical constituents were carried out using standard methods. The dinitro salicylic acid (DNS) method was used to study the inhibition effect of extracts on α-amylase enzyme. Furthermore, PTP 1B inhibitory activity was evaluated using p-nitrophenyl phosphate (p-NPP) as substrate.
Results: Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, reducing sugars, etc. in both plants. Brine shrimp lethality assay suggested the presence of pharmacologically active compounds. Total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of C. roseus were found to be higher with 73.21 mg GAE/g and 33.15 mg Q/g respectively than that of A. aspera, which was found to be 57.09 mg GAE/g and 28.96 mg Q/g respectively. Similarly, the α-amylase inhibition of A. aspera and C. roseus was found to be 97.60±1.11 µg/ml and 94.05±1.18 µg/ml comparative with IC50 68.13±0.46 µg/ml of standard acarbose. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibition showed IC50 for A. aspera and C. roseus to be 48.72±0.46 and 50.21±1.03 µg/ml, respectively. Qualitative GC-MS analysis of both plant hexane fractions showed acid and ester type of phytoconstituents.
Conclusion: These results suggested that both plants i. e A. aspera and C. roseus, Nepal origin showed biological activity by targeting multiple drug targets which justifies their traditional uses.
JUVENTUDE E ESCOLA: PROBLEMATIZANDO REGRAS, SOCIABILIDADES E RELAÇÕES DE PODER
Authors: Oliveira Fabrício Roberto Costa , Martins Cáio César Nogueira , Machado Deomario Lauriano 
Published: April 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo problematizar as relações dos jovens com a escola em que estudam, focando na relação destes agentes com as regras da instituição. Realizamos um grupo focal com estudantes de cinco turmas de terceiro ano do Ensino Médio. Durante a realização do grupo focal identificamos o alto grau de maturidade dos participantes, bem como a satisfação dos mesmos em serem ouvidos, entretanto restou evidente o descontentamento quanto às regras escolares, bem como seus lugares de fala dentro do ambiente escolar. Resultados indicaram muita dificuldade deum debate amplo e profícuo entre os estudantes e os responsáveis pela escola, sinalizando a necessidade de práticas mais dialógicas e projetos coletivos que promovauma interação entre grupos dirigentes da escola e jovens.
A LUTA CONTRA A OPRESSÃO DA MULHER EM ALEXANDRA KOLLONTAI
Authors: Santos Cláudio , Santana Maia Denise 
Published: April 2021

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar, com base no pensamento da autora russa Alexandra Kollontai, alguns desafios encontrados por ela na luta contra a opressão feminina em seu processo de formação política. O referido estudo compreende a análise do seu pensamento com base nas seguintes obras: “A Nova mulher e a Moral Sexual” e “Autobiografia de uma mulher emancipada”. Discutimos nesta ocasião os obstáculos encontrados pela autora na luta pela construção do socialismo, explorando as seguintes questões: a situação da mulher na Rússia e as possibilidades de uma nova moral sexual; a concepção de amor e família para a sociedade socialista em construção
Palavras-chave: Alexandra Kollontai; Mulher; Moral sexual; Comunismo
Irritable Bowel and Bacterial Overgrowth Syndromes: a Bacterial Link Hypothesis of Functional Disease
Authors: Ivashkin K. V. , Grechishnikova V. R. , Reshetova M. S. , Ivashkin V. T. 
Published: April 2021

Aim. Assessment of the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth syndrome (SIBO) interlinkage.Key points. SIBO may represent a "peripheral" mechanism of IBS, aside to nonspecific inflammation, increased epithelial permeability and local immune system activation. In various assays, the SIBO rate in IBS patients was 4-46% vs. 0-13% in an intact cohort. A limited diagnosability of SIBO obscures the SIBO-IBS causal interplay. Impaired motility in IBS may predispose to the SIBO development. Proinflammatory cytokines and mediators in SIBO, in turn, provoke visceral hypersensitivity and intense motility, the key IBS factors. Both conditions relate to qualitative and quantitative changes in microbiota, which warrants the application of probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains.Conclusion. Further research into the SIBO-IBS interface is required for developing optimal probiotic-based therapies.
Advancing Efficient and Timely Community Access to SARS-CoV-2 Serology Testing in Europe: a Multi-stakeholder Consensus
Authors: Cantón Rafael , Delaugerre Constance , Jallow Wame , Liebert Uwe Gerd , Villegas Julieta 
Published: April 2021

Background: Currently there is no clear consensus on the use,
value, benefits, and impact of serology testing as part of a
comprehensive SARS-CoV-2 testing strategy. The lack of clarity on the
use of this strategy in policies and guidelines may have serious
implications on the efforts to curb the pandemic. The aim of this paper
is to elaborate an experts and community consensus on the use of
serology testing as an effective method to respond to and mitigate the
impact of the pandemic. The recommendations herein can help build
community awareness and guide advocacy strategies.
Methods: A desk review was conducted to inform a working
document that was subject to a multistage process of validation and
feedback by a group of renowned experts. The multi-stakeholder group of
experts, representing the European and international levels, convened to
inform and validate the recommendations.
Results: The consensus offered eight policy recommendations
organized in two main themes. The first group of recommendations
provides guidance on the role and value of serology testing to contain
and understand the COVID-19 pandemic. The second group targets health
system strengthening aspects necessary to support the appropriate
delivery of serology testing.
Conclusions: Recommendations seek to indicate how SARS-CoV-2
serology testing may positively impact national health systems, country
economies and local communities. The pertinence of the recommendations
is to communities in Europe, and beyond, and relevant to multiple
stakeholders. Given the rapidly changing scenario, this set of
recommendations should be considered a live document.
Tom Jones : A Subaltern Critique
Authors: Sharma Dr. Shreeja Tripathi 
Published: April 2021

Henry Feilding’s Tom Jones offers a picture of English society during the imperial times through a thought-provoking scrutiny of the marginalised voices and indirectly subverts the imperial authority of oppression. Fielding’s defining work which notably laid the foundation of the English novel has often been implored for nuances of morality and sin.
This research paper explores the novel as a prelude to the postmodern subaltern voice against the dominion of the social and economically elite through the emancipatory empowerment of the roguish foundling hero of the picaresque tradition: Tom Jones. The paper seeks to establish the relevance of Tom Jones for the readers of the so- called Third World, as it offers a glimpse into the subaltern aspects of identity of the coloniser. In this context, this paper evaluates the narrative of Fielding’s Tom Jones with reference to two key concerns: exposition of the oppressive power structure and revelation of marginalised oppressed.
DAMPAK PANDEMI COVID-19 TERHADAP PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN ONLINE DI INDONESIA: SEBUAH TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
Authors: Choiri Muttaqin , Fajrin Mutiara Cahyani , Novianti Tanti Alfrida , Putri Ms Eva Nur Kholidah 
Published: April 2021

Abstrak: Pandemi COVID-19 adalah krisis kesehatan yang sedang menjadi perhatian negara-negara di dunia saat ini. COVID-19 merupakan penyakit yang belum pernah teridentifikasi sebelumnya pada manusia yang disebabkan oleh virus Sars-CoV-2. Menyebarnya COVID-19 di Indonesia menyebabkan Indonesia perlu melakukan pembatasan sosial untuk mencegah meningkatnya jumlah pasien COVID-19. Pembatasan sosial menyebabkan terganggunya beberapa aktivitas di berbagai bidang, terutama di bidang pendidikan. Kajian yang dilakukan dalam penyusunan paper mengacu pada 10 artikel terbaru pada tahun 2020 yang membahas tentang permasalahan yang sedang terjadi saat ini, berkaitan dengan dampak COVID-19 terhadap pembelajaran online menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review. Proses pengkajian 10 artikel ini diklasifikasi menjadi 3 kelompok sub topik. Berdasarkan kajian yang telah dilakukan, diperoleh hasil pembelajaran online di era pandemi COVID-19 sangat memacu pertumbuhan pembelajaran online yang memudahkan dalam proses belajar mengajar, namun jika dinilai dari perubahan sikap siswa, sistem tersebut lebih menunjukkan sisi negatif, sehingga diperlukan adanya evaluasi terkait pembelajaran online oleh pemerintah Kata kunci: Covid-19, pembelajaran online, Systematic Literature Review(SLR)Abstract: COVID-19 pandemic is a health crisis that currently has been becoming the concern of countries in the world. COVID-19 is a disease that has never been previously identified in humans, which is caused by the Sars-CoV-2 virus. The spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia has made this country need to do social distancing to prevent the increasing number of COVID-19 patients. This social distancing has disrupted several activities in various fields, especially in the field of education. The paper done refers to 10 current articles in 2020 that discuss current problems, with the COVID-19 impact of online learning using Systematic Literature Review method. The review process of these 10 articles was classified into 3 sub-topic groups. Based on the studies that had been carried out, the result of online learning in the COVID-19 pandemic era has greatly accelerated the growth of online learning which eases the teaching and learning process. However, if it is judged by the changes in the students’ attitudes, the system shows more of negative sides. Therefore, there should be an evaluation related to the online learning by the government.Keywords: Covid-19, online learning, Systematic Literature Review (SLR)
ASESMEN PENGGUNAAN MULTIMEDIA PEMBELAJARAN INTERAKTIF BIOLOGI OLEH SISWA SEBAGAI KLASIFIKASI TINGKAT DIGITAL LITERACY PENDUKUNG PROGRAM MERDEKA BELAJAR DI ACEH BARAT
Authors: Oktavia Rita , Hera Rufa , . Mardhatillah , Rokhman Nur 
Published: April 2021

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan hasil asesmen penggunaan multimedia pembelajaran interaktif Biologi oleh siswa sebagai identifikasi tingkat digital literasi pendukung program merdeka belajar di Aceh Barat. Penelitian dilakukan di dua SMA Negeri Kabupaten Aceh Barat. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada semester ganjil tahun 2020. Sampel penelitian di ambil dari kelas XII MIA dari masing-masing sekolah yaitu SMA N 1 Meureubo berjumlah 30 siswa dan MAN 2 Aceh Barat berjumlah 30 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah angket dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisa data menggunakan statistika deskriptif dengan tahapan Penilaian Acuan Patokan (PAP Tipe II). Berdasarkan hasis asesmen dibuktikan bahwa tingkat literasi digital siswa masuk penilaian kategori Tinggi pada MAN 2 Aceh Barat. Sedangkan Pada SMA N 1 Meureubo kategori penilaian tingkat literasi digital siswa Rendah. Membuktikan bahwa penggunaan akses Multimedia interaktif disekolah di SMA Aceh Barat belum merata digunakan oleh siswa. Penerapan multimedia interaktif oleh guru belum diterapkan secara maksimal, artinya pengetahuan dan keahlian digital literasi guru SMA Aceh Barat belum termediasi dan terfasilitasi dengan baik. Kata Kunci: Tingkat Digital Literasi, Multimedia, Multimedia Interaktif Abstract: This study aims to prove the results of the assessment of the use of interactive multimedia learning Biology by students as identification of the digital literacy level to support the independent learning program in West Aceh.The research was conducted in two State Senior High Schools of West Aceh Regency. The research was conducted in the odd semester of 2020. The research sample was taken from class XII MIA from each school, namely SMA N 1 Meureubo totaling 30 students and MAN 2 Aceh Barat totaling 30 students. The research approach uses a quantitative approach.The data collection techniques used were questionnaires and documentation. The data analysis technique used descriptive statistics with the Benchmark Reference Assessment stage (PAP Type II). Based on the results of the assessment, it was proven that the digital literacy level of students was included in the High category assessment at MAN 2 Aceh Barat. Meanwhile, at SMA N 1 Meureubo, the assessment category for students' digital literacy level is Low. It proves that the use of interactive multimedia access in schools in West Aceh High School has not been evenly used by students. The teacher's application of interactive multimedia has not been maximally applied, meaning that the digital literacy knowledge and skills of West Aceh Senior High School teachers have not been mediated and facilitated properly.Keyword: Levels of Digital Literacy, digital literacy, Multimedia, Interactive Multimedia.
A Practical Analysis of the Fermat Factorization and Pollard Rho Method for Factoring Integers
Authors: Aminudin Aminudin , Budi Cahyono Eko 
Published: April 2021

The development of public-key cryptography generation using the factoring method is very important in practical cryptography applications. In cryptographic applications, the urgency of factoring is very risky because factoring can crack public and private keys, even though the strength in cryptographic algorithms is determined mainly by the key strength generated by the algorithm. However, solving the composite number to find the prime factors is still very rarely done. Therefore, this study will compare the Fermat factorization algorithm and Pollard rho by finding the key generator public key algorithm's prime factor value. Based on the series of test and analysis factoring integer algorithm using Fermat's Factorization and Pollards' Rho methods, it could be concluded that both methods could be used to factorize the public key which specifically aimed to identify the prime factors. During the public key factorizing process within 16 bytes – 64 bytes, Pollards' Rho's average duration was significantly faster than Fermat's Factorization.
THE TRAGIC PAGES OF THE BEREZA-KARTUSKA CONCENTRATION CAMP (July 1934 – September 1939)
Authors: Hrytsenko Halyna 
Published: April 2021

Monograph review: Ilyin O.L., Mazur P.Y. Essays on the History of Bereza-Kartuska Concentration Camp (July 1934 – September 1939). Ternopil : TzOV "Ternograf", 2019. 640 p.
THE DYNASTIC POLICY OF MARCUS AURELIUS
Authors: Tsiupak Vasylyna 
Published: April 2021

Summary. The article deals with Marcus Aurelius’ dynastic policy. The methodology of the study is based on the principles of historicism and scientific objectivity, as well as on the use of general scientific methods (methods of analysis and synthesis) and special-historical methods, among which: problem-chronological, comparative and retrospective. The scientific novelty is that for the first time in the Ukrainian historiography the article considers Marcus Aurelius’ dynastic policy as well as the evolution of his views on the problem of the succession of imperial power. It was found that in the main the approach of Marcus Aurelius to the problem of the inheritance of imperial power can be defined as follows: if a particular person had more rights to inherit the imperial power than anyone else and there was no good reason to refute this, that person must inherit the power. The conclusions are as follows. Marcus Aurelius’ dynastic policy was logical and consistent. Its goal was to prevent domestic political upheavals that may have been caused by the struggle for imperial power leading to civil war. Initially, relying on Lucius Verus who like himself, was adopted by the previous emperor Antoninus Pius, he made Lucius Verus his co-ruler and married his daughter to him. The threat of a potential conflict for power between the son of Marcus Aurelius, Commodus, and Lucius Verus disappeared with the death of the latter. Since then, the dynastic policy of Marcus Aurelius was to ensure the future transfer of imperial power to his son, Commodus. Marcus Aurelius’ death did not lead to any upheavals in the Roman Empire. Virtually unopposed, Commodus became the sole rule, having received the state in a fairly stable condition.