bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of myocardial cathepsin-L release during reperfusion following myocardial infarction improves cardiac function and reduces infarct size
Authors: He Weihong , McCarroll Charlotte S , Nather Katrin , Ford Kristopher , Mangion Kenneth , Riddell Alexandra , O’Toole Dylan , Zaeri Ali , Corcoran David , Carrick David , Lee Mathew M Y , McEntegart Margaret , Davie Andrew , Good Richard , Lindsay Mitchell M , Eteiba Hany , Rocchiccioli Paul , Watkins Stuart , Hood Stuart , Shaukat Aadil , McArthur Lisa , Elliott Elspeth B , McClure John , Hawksby Catherine , Martin Tamara , Petrie Mark C , Oldroyd Keith G , Smith Godfrey L ,   Oxford Acute Myocardial Infarction (OxAMI) Study, Channon Keith M , Berry Colin , Nicklin Stuart A , Loughrey Christopher M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Aims
Identifying novel mediators of lethal myocardial reperfusion injury that can be targeted during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) is key to limiting the progression of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) to heart failure. Here, we show through parallel clinical and integrative preclinical studies the significance of the protease cathepsin-L on cardiac function during reperfusion injury.

Methods and results
We found that direct cardiac release of cathepsin-L in STEMI patients (n = 76) immediately post-PPCI leads to elevated serum cathepsin-L levels and that serum levels of cathepsin-L in the first 24 h post-reperfusion are associated with reduced cardiac contractile function and increased infarct size. Preclinical studies demonstrate that inhibition of cathepsin-L release following reperfusion injury with CAA0225 reduces infarct size and improves cardiac contractile function by limiting abnormal cardiomyocyte calcium handling and apoptosis.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that cathepsin-L is a novel therapeutic target that could be exploited clinically to counteract the deleterious effects of acute reperfusion injury after an acute STEMI.
Left main coronary artery thrombus after cannabis consumption: a case report
Authors: Matta Anthony , Elenizi Khaled , Elbaz Meyer , Roncalli Jerome 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Left main coronary thrombus is a rare angiographic finding associated with serious outcomes such as sudden death and cardiogenic shock. Rupture of an underlying atherosclerotic plaque is the main risk factor. The role of cannabis consumption in the pathophysiology of acute cardiovascular disease is controversial.

Case presentation
We present a case of non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction characterized by a mobile left main coronary thrombus in a young male cannabis consumer successfully treated with manual aspiration, dual anti-platelet, and unfractionated heparin therapy.

Conclusion
Cannabis consumption could be a risk factor for coronary artery thrombosis. The pathophysiology mechanism of action is not well understood. Reaching an optimal management is a potential challenge for physicians.
School performance of children whose parents suffered torture and war—a register-based study in Denmark
Authors: Bager Line , Munk Laursen Thomas , Skipper Niels , Agerbo Esben 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Young refugees and descendants of refugees have different preconditions for learning than their peers without refugee background. Children growing up in families where parents have suffered torture and war trauma may represent a particularly vulnerable group. This study investigates whether children of torture survivors living in Denmark achieved different test scores throughout primary and secondary school compared to children of non-traumatized parents.

Methods
Using data from a national school test programme, tests from Grades 2–8 were compared for children whose parents had been treated for torture and war trauma as to their peers. Referral to specialized rehabilitation clinics was used to identify the traumatized parent group. The mean score difference was estimated using multilevel linear regression, and outcomes were measured within groups of parental region of origin to allow for region-specific effects. The odds of missing a test were also estimated with multilevel logistic regression.

Results
The study included 854 467 children [median age (interquartile range) =12 (3.3)] of which 7809 were children of the trauma-exposed parents. The analysis revealed that children of torture survivors achieved test scores between −6% (95% CI: −0.13, 0.00) and −38% (95% CI: −0.44, −0.32) of a standard deviation compared to children of non-traumatized parents, adjusted for the main effect of region of origin. They were also more likely to miss a test [OR=4.95 (95% CI: 4.30, 5.71)].

Conclusions
The findings indicate that risk factors for poorer school performance cluster in children of traumatized refugee parents, and reveal the possible adverse educational effects of trauma across generations.
MHC class IIa haplotypes derived by high-throughput SNP screening in an isolated sheep population
Authors: Dicks Kara L , Pemberton Josephine M , Ballingall Keith T , Johnston Susan E 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Investigating the current evolutionary processes acting on a highly polymorphic gene region, such as the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), requires extensive population data for both genotypes and phenotypes. The MHC consists of several tightly linked loci with both allelic and gene content variation, making it challenging to genotype. Eight class IIa haplotypes have previously been identified in the Soay sheep (Ovis aries) of St. Kilda using Sanger sequencing and cloning, but no single locus is representative of all haplotypes. Here, we exploit the closed nature of the island population of Soay sheep and its limited haplotypic variation to identify a panel of SNPs that enable imputation of MHC haplotypes. We compared MHC class IIa haplotypes determined by Sanger sequence-based genotyping of 135 individuals to their SNP profiles generated using the Ovine Infinium HD BeadChip. A panel of 11 SNPs could reliably determine MHC diplotypes, and two additional SNPs within the DQA1 gene enabled detection of a recombinant haplotype affecting only the SNPs downstream of the expressed genes. The panel of 13 SNPs was genotyped in 5951 Soay sheep, of which 5349 passed quality control. Using the Soay sheep pedigree, we were able to trace the origin and inheritance of the recombinant SNP haplotype. This SNP-based method has enabled the rapid generation of locus-specific MHC genotypes for large numbers of Soay sheep. This volume of high-quality genotypes in a well-characterized population of free-living sheep will be valuable for investigating the mechanisms maintaining diversity at the MHC.
The Nursing Home Older Adult Gut Microbiome Composition Shows Time-dependent Dysbiosis and Is Influenced by Medication Exposures, Age, Environment, and Frailty
Authors: Haran John P , Zeamer Abigail , Ward Doyle V , Dutta Protiva , Bucci Vanni , McCormick Beth A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Older adults in nursing homes (NHs) have increased frailty, medication, and antimicrobial exposures, all factors that are known to affect the composition of gut microbiota. Our objective was to define which factors have the greatest association with the NH resident gut microbiota, explore patterns of dysbiosis and compositional changes in gut microbiota over time in this environment. We collected serial stool samples from NH residents. Residents were assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment tool and Clinical Frailty Scale. Bacterial composition of resident stool samples was determined by metagenomic sequencing. We used mixed-effect random forest modeling to identify clinical covariates that associate with microbiota. We enrolled and followed 166 residents from 5 NHs collecting 512 stool samples and following 15 residents for &gt; 1 year. Medications, particularly psychoactive and antihypertensive medications, had the greatest effect on the microbiota. Age and frailty also contributed, and were associated with increased and decreased diversity, respectively. The microbiota of residents who had lived in the NH for &gt; 1 year were enriched in inflammatory and pathogenic species and reduced in anti-inflammatory and symbiotic species. We observed intraindividual stability of the microbiome among older adults who had lived in the NH already for &gt;1 year followed with sample collections 1 year apart. Older adult NH gut microbiome is heavily influenced by medications, age, and frailty. This microbiome is influenced by the length of NH residency with dysbiosis becoming evident at 12 months, however, after this point there is demonstrated relative stability over time.
Subjective Successful Aging: Measurement Invariance Across 12 Years
Authors: Wilson-Genderson Maureen , Heid Allison R , Cartwright Francine , Pruchno Rachel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Debates about how to define successful aging have dominated gerontology for over 60 years. Regardless of how successful aging is conceptualized, in order to accurately understand how the construct changes over time and how it differs between people of varying ages, successful aging must be measured with instruments that are valid, reliable, and have measurement invariance. These analyses focus on subjective successful aging and examine the extent to which a reliable, valid, 3-item scale has measurement invariance across 12 years for individuals aged 50–86.

Research Design and Methods
We analyzed 5 waves of data collected from a panel of 5,688 community-dwelling people aged 50–74 when recruited in 2006. We tested measurement invariance using the standard 4 nested steps,, introducing increasing parameter constraints at each step. Analyses were conducted using Mplus 7.

Results
Analyses revealed that the 3-item scale measuring subjective successful aging has adequate measurement invariance across time. We demonstrated that the scale has configural, metric, and scalar invariance by most standard metrics. Only residual invariance was not supported. However, because residuals are not part of the latent factor, invariance of the item residuals is inconsequential to interpretation of latent mean differences.

Discussion and Implications
Findings provide the foundation needed for researchers to examine change in subjective successful aging over time, differences in subjective successful aging between people of varying ages, and predictors of subjective successful aging, confident that the scale has adequate measurement invariance.
Does social media provide adequate health education for prevention of COVID-19? A case study of YouTube videos on social distancing and hand-washing
Authors: Bora Kaustubh , Pagdhune Avinash , Patgiri Saurav Jyoti , Barman Bhupen , Das Dulmoni , Borah Probodh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Social media offers an opportune platform for educating the public about the recommended interventions during global health emergencies. This case study evaluated information in the popular social media platform YouTube about two key interventions (namely, ‘social distancing’ and ‘hand washing’) recommended during coronavirus disease-2019. Using the keywords ‘social distancing’ and ‘hand washing’, 77 and 78 videos, respectively, were selected from YouTube through pre-defined criteria. The understandability, actionability and quality of information in these videos were assessed. Cumulatively, the social distancing videos received &gt;9 million views and the hand-washing videos received &gt;37 million views. Thirteen social distancing videos (16.9%) and 46 hand-washing videos (58.9%) provided understandable, actionable and good-quality information. The non-understandable, non-actionable or poor-quality videos had paradoxically more viewer engagements than the understandable, actionable or good-quality videos, respectively. Most social distancing videos came from news agencies (68.8%). Hand-washing videos were mostly uploaded by health agencies or academic institutes (52.6%). The videos were less likely to be understandable and actionable and to be of good quality when uploaded by sources other than health agencies or academic institutes. The paucity of adequate information and the limited representation of ‘authoritative’ sources were concerning. Strategies for harnessing social media as an effective medium for public health education are necessary during pandemics.
Constitutional self-negation in Venezuela: Problematizing constitutionalism’s internalization of the theory of constituent power
Authors: Macía Briedis Rafael 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The article looks at the constitutional underpinnings of the political crisis that has unfolded in Venezuela (around the competing claims to the presidency by Juan Guaidó and Nicolás Maduro), in an effort to understand the structural elements that have enabled that crisis. The central argument of the article is that Venezuela presents an example of “self-negating constitutionalism.” A self-negating constitution is one that, by negating its own position as the exclusive, self-contained source of democratic authorization for a given polity, ultimately ceases to serve as the last instance for the adjudication of institutional conflicts, including conflicts about the proper locus of representation of the “sovereign” demos, thereby undermining the constitutional structure in its entirety and replacing the rule of law with extralegal power as the mechanism for the resolution of political disputes. As the paper will show, this is precisely what the Venezuelan Constitution has done by outsourcing the competency to “transform the state” to an institution supposedly authorized by the people’s “original constituent power.”
Single-step localization and excision of small pulmonary nodules using a mobile 3D C-arm
Authors: Hsieh Ming-Ju , Chou Pin-Li , Fang Hsin-Yueh , Wen Chih-Tsung , Chao Yin-Kai 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The use of a hybrid operating room equipped with robotic C-arm cone-beam computed tomography for single-step localization and excision of small pulmonary nodules finds high cost barriers. The new generation of 3D C-arm system not only depicts soft tissues with high contrast but also offers a more affordable and sustainable solution. This approach has been chiefly applied in the field of orthopedic surgery. In this case series, we describe the use of a mobile 3D C-arm system for localizing and removing small pulmonary nodules.

METHODS
Between July and September 2020, we identified 14 patients who underwent localization and removal of small pulmonary nodules with a 3D C-arm system. We retrospectively reviewed clinical records to document the feasibility and safety of the procedure.

RESULTS
The median tumour size was 7.5 mm [interquartile range (IQR): 5 − 9.75 mm], with a median distance from the pleural surface of 4.2 mm (IQR: 0.5 − 6.45 mm). We successfully visualized all of the pulmonary lesions by intraoperative CT imaging. Localization was achieved in 13 patients, who subsequently underwent complete thoracoscopic resection. The median time required to localize lesions was 41.5 min (IQR: 33.75 − 53.25 min), with a median radiation exposure (expressed through the skin absorbed dose) of 143.45 mGy (IQR: 86.1 − 194.6 mGy). Failure to localize occurred in 1 patient because of pneumothorax caused by repeated needle puncture. All patients were successfully discharged and the median length of stay was 2.5 days (IQR: 2 − 3 days).

CONCLUSIONS
This case series demonstrates the feasibility of single-step localization and excision of small pulmonary nodules using a mobile 3D C-arm.
Gene Conversion Facilitates the Adaptive Evolution of Self-Resistance in Highly Toxic Newts
Authors: Gendreau Kerry L , Hornsby Angela D , Hague Michael T J , McGlothlin Joel W 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Reconstructing the histories of complex adaptations and identifying the evolutionary mechanisms underlying their origins are two of the primary goals of evolutionary biology. Taricha newts, which contain high concentrations of the deadly toxin tetrodotoxin (TTX) as an antipredator defense, have evolved resistance to self-intoxication, which is a complex adaptation requiring changes in six paralogs of the voltage-gated sodium channel (Nav) gene family, the physiological target of TTX. Here, we reconstruct the origins of TTX self-resistance by sequencing the entire Nav gene family in newts and related salamanders. We show that moderate TTX resistance evolved early in the salamander lineage in three of the six Nav paralogs, preceding the proposed appearance of tetrodotoxic newts by ∼100 My. TTX-bearing newts possess additional unique substitutions across the entire Nav gene family that provide physiological TTX resistance. These substitutions coincide with signatures of positive selection and relaxed purifying selection, as well as gene conversion events, that together likely facilitated their evolution. We also identify a novel exon duplication within Nav1.4 encoding an expressed TTX-binding site. Two resistance-conferring changes within newts appear to have spread via nonallelic gene conversion: in one case, one codon was copied between paralogs, and in the second, multiple substitutions were homogenized between the duplicate exons of Nav1.4. Our results demonstrate that gene conversion can accelerate the coordinated evolution of gene families in response to a common selection pressure.
Engineering large-scale chromosomal deletions by CRISPR-Cas9
Authors: Eleveld Thomas F , Bakali Chaimaa , Eijk Paul P , Stathi Phylicia , Vriend Lianne E , Poddighe Pino J , Ylstra Bauke 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Large-scale chromosomal deletions are a prevalent and defining feature of cancer. A high degree of tumor-type and subtype specific recurrencies suggest a selective oncogenic advantage. However, due to their large size it has been difficult to pinpoint the oncogenic drivers that confer this advantage. Suitable functional genomics approaches to study the oncogenic driving capacity of large-scale deletions are limited. Here, we present an effective technique to engineer large-scale deletions by CRISPR-Cas9 and create isogenic cell line models. We simultaneously induce double-strand breaks (DSBs) at two ends of a chromosomal arm and select the cells that have lost the intermittent region. Using this technique, we induced large-scale deletions on chromosome 11q (65 Mb) and chromosome 6q (53 Mb) in neuroblastoma cell lines. A high frequency of successful deletions (up to 30% of selected clones) and increased colony forming capacity in the 11q deleted lines suggest an oncogenic advantage of these deletions. Such isogenic models enable further research on the role of large-scale deletions in tumor development and growth, and their possible therapeutic potential.
Association Between Smoke-Free Legislation in Hospitality Venues and Smoking Behavior of Young People: A Systematic Review
Authors: Garritsen Heike H , da Costa Senior Yoël Y , Rozema Andrea D , Kunst Anton E , Kuipers Mirte A G 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Introduction
While evaluations of indoor smoke-free legislation have demonstrated major public health benefits among adults, their impact on the smoking behavior of young people remains unclear. Therefore, we performed a systematic review of the association between smoke-free legislation in hospitality venues and smoking behavior of young people.

Aims and Methods
A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Embase in June 2020. We searched for studies that assessed the association of any form of smoke-free legislation in any hospitality venue (eg, bar and restaurant) with a smoking behavior outcome (eg, initiation and current smoking) among young people (aged 10–24 years). .

Results
Our search yielded 572 articles of which 31 were screened based on full-text and 9 were included in the analysis. All studies were published between 2005 and 2016. The majority of studies used a quasi-experimental design. Four studies evaluated smoke-free legislation in hospitality venues specifically. Two studies reported that comprehensive, but not weaker, smoke-free legislation decreases progression to established smoking. Two other studies provided mixed results on which level of comprehensiveness of legislation would be effective, and which smoking outcomes would be affected. Five studies evaluated legislation that also included other workplaces. Out of these five studies, three studies found significant decreases in current smoking, smoking frequency, and/or smoking quantity, whereas two other studies did not.

Conclusions
Most of the studies found that smoke-free legislation in hospitality venues is associated with a decrease in smoking behavior among young people. Their results indicate the need for comprehensive smoke-free legislation without exemptions.

Implications
This is the first systematic review to provide insight into the relationship between smoke-free legislation in hospitality venues and smoking behavior of young people. Our findings show that there is a need for comprehensive smoke-free legislation without exemptions (such as designated smoking areas).
Influence of d-wave superconductor orientation on Josephson current and phase difference in junctions with inhomogeneous ferromagnet
Authors: Djurdjević Stevan , Popović Zorica 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Utilizing a microscopic Bogoliubov–de Gennes approach, we study the Josephson effect in arbitrarily oriented d-wave superconductors connected through two ferromagnets with noncollinear magnetizations, by solving the scattering problem. The critical Josephson current is calculated for various parameters of the junction. The mutual influence of d-wave superconducting electrodes’ orientation and angle $$\alpha$$ between magnetization in a ferromagnetic bilayer of thickness $$d$$ is analyzed. For various orientations of the superconducting electrodes, we calculate a $$(d,\alpha)$$ phase diagram and discuss the possibility of achieving not only the coexistence of two stable states $$0$$ and $$\pi$$ but also the coexistence of three stable states $$0$$, $$\pi$$ and $$\pi/2$$, by varying the angle between magnetizations. We also observe areas of coexistence of stable and metastable states.