bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiative Rayleigh-Taylor instability and the structure of clouds in planetary atmospheres
Authors: Tremblin P. , Bloch H. , González M. , Audit E. , Fromang S. , Padioleau T. , Kestener P. , Kokh S. 
Published: July 2021

Aims.Clouds are expected to form in a broad range of conditions in the atmosphere of exoplanets given the variety of possible condensible species. This diversity, however, might lead to very different small-scale dynamics depending on radiative transfer in various thermal conditions. Here, we aim to provide some insight into these dynamical regimes.Methods.We performed an analytical linear stability analysis of a compositional discontinuity with a heating source term that depends on a given composition. We also performed idealized two-dimensional simulations of an opacity discontinuity in a stratified medium, using theARKcode. We used a two-stream gray model for radiative transfer and explored the brown-dwarf and Earth-like regimes.Results.We revealed the existence of a radiative Rayleigh-Taylor instability (RRTI, hereafter, which is a particular case of diabatic Rayleigh-Taylor instability) when an opacity discontinuity is present in a stratified medium. This instability is similar in nature to diabatic convection and relies only on buoyancy with radiative transfer heating and cooling. When the temperature is decreasing with height in the atmosphere, a lower-opacity medium on top of a higher-opacity medium is shown to be dynamically unstable, whereas a higher-opacity medium on top of a lower-opacity medium is stable. This stability-instability behavior is reversed if the temperature is increasing with height.Conclusions.The existence of a RRTI could have important implications for the stability of the cloud cover with regard to a wide range of planetary atmospheres. In our Solar System, it could help explain the formation of mammatus cloud in Earth atmospheres and the existence of the Venus cloud deck. Likewise, it suggests that stable and large-scale cloud covers could be ubiquitous in strongly irradiated exoplanets, but might be more patchy in low-irradiated or isolated objects such as brown dwarfs and directly imaged exoplanets.
(216) Kleopatra, a low density critically rotating M-type asteroid
Authors: Marchis F. , Jorda L. , Vernazza P. , Brož M. , Hanuš J. , Ferrais M. , Vachier F. , Rambaux N. , Marsset M. , Viikinkoski M. , Jehin E. , Benseguane S. , Podlewska-Gaca E. , Carry B. , Drouard A. , Fauvaud S. , Birlan M. , Berthier J. , Bartczak P. , Dumas C. , Dudziński G. , Ďurech J. , Castillo-Rogez J. , Cipriani F. , Colas F. , Fetick R. , Fusco T. , Grice J. , Kryszczynska A. , Lamy P. , Marciniak A. , Michalowski T. , Michel P. , Pajuelo M. , Santana-Ros T. , Tanga P. , Vigan A. , Witasse O. , Yang B. 
Published: July 2021

Context. The recent estimates of the 3D shape of the M/Xe-type triple asteroid system (216) Kleopatra indicated a density of ~5 g cm−3, which is by far the highest for a small Solar System body. Such a high density implies a high metal content as well as a low porosity which is not easy to reconcile with its peculiar “dumbbell” shape.
Aims. Given the unprecedented angular resolution of the VLT/SPHERE/ZIMPOL camera, here, we aim to constrain the mass (via the characterization of the orbits of the moons) and the shape of (216) Kleopatra with high accuracy, hence its density.
Methods. We combined our new VLT/SPHERE observations of (216) Kleopatra recorded during two apparitions in 2017 and 2018 with archival data from the W. M. Keck Observatory, as well as lightcurve, occultation, and delay-Doppler images, to derive a model of its 3D shape using two different algorithms (ADAM, MPCD). Furthermore, an N-body dynamical model allowed us to retrieve the orbital elements of the two moons as explained in the accompanying paper.
Results. The shape of (216) Kleopatra is very close to an equilibrium dumbbell figure with two lobes and a thick neck. Its volume equivalent diameter (118.75 ± 1.40) km and mass (2.97 ± 0.32) × 1018 kg (i.e., 56% lower than previously reported) imply a bulk density of (3.38 ± 0.50) g cm−3. Such a low density for a supposedly metal-rich body indicates a substantial porosity within the primary. This porous structure along with its near equilibrium shape is compatible with a formation scenario including a giant impact followed by reaccumulation. (216) Kleopatra’s current rotation period and dumbbell shape imply that it is in a critically rotating state. The low effective gravity along the equator of the body, together with the equatorial orbits of the moons and possibly rubble-pile structure, opens the possibility that the moons formed via mass shedding.
Conclusions. (216) Kleopatra is a puzzling multiple system due to the unique characteristics of the primary. This system certainly deserves particular attention in the future, with the Extremely Large Telescopes and possibly a dedicated space mission, to decipher its entire formation history.
Practical aspects regarding the evaluation of explosion protected equipment
Authors: Csaszar Tiberiu , Burian Sorin , Colda Cosmin , Darie Marius , Ghicioi Emilian 
Published: July 2021

Based on the experience accumulated over time on the evaluation of equipment and installations in environments with potentially explosive atmospheres, this paper is intended to be an element of synthesis on issues related to the “in situ” assessment and solutions of solvency the deficiencies found. The assessment of these installations is very important in order to verify the implementation of measures that lead to minimizing the risk of ignition of explosive atmospheres. Evaluation of these installations is made through an on-site visit and on the basis of the technical documentation developed by the care of the user.
In first part of the paper were presented the legal aspects regarding the placing on the market and the use of equipment designed for potentially explosive atmospheres.
The paper is continuing with the presenting the technical aspects regarding the evaluation of equipment and installations operating in potentially explosive atmospheres followed by requirements for electrical equipment. The main conclusion, of the paper is that the explosion protection of the equipment intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres may be invalidated by the incorrect selection of the equipment, incorrect installation of the product, inadequate: performance of inspection operations, maintenance or repairing of equipment.
Aspects regarding the specific tests applicable to electric motors with type of protection increased safety „e”
Authors: Fotău Dragoş , Magyari Mihai , Moldovan Lucian , Sălăşan Diana 
Published: July 2021

Evaluation of explosion-proof protected electrical equipment in scope of certification is extremely important considering the risk of explosion that has to be minimized in order to ensure life safety and health of workers and to prevent damaging of property and the environment, as well as free movement of goods when they meet the essential safety requirements at European level.
Most of the equipment operating in potentially explosive atmospheres is represented by electric motors, which in most situations act on various other elements (e.g. pumps, valves, fans etc.).
Even if electric motors for explosive atmospheres are designed and manufactured following some of the same principles as the ones used for other electric machinery, they have certain particularities related to their field of use.
Thus, a series of specific restrictions and tests are required to be considered in their case. The purpose of this paper is to present the importance of the specific tests for electric motors with type of protection increased safety „e” designed to be used in explosive atmosphere.
Positionspapier zur Befunderstellung endoskopischer Untersuchungen bei Patienten mit chronisch-entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen
Authors: Schmidt Carsten , Bachmann Oliver , Baumgart Daniel C. , Goetz Martin , Drvarov Oliver , Kucharzik Torsten F. , Kühbacher Tanja , Langhorst Jost , Maul Jochen , Mohl Wolfgang , Mudter Jonas , Repp Michael , Sturm Andreas , Witzemann Dieter , Atreya Raja 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDie vollständige und reproduzierbare Erfassung und Dokumentation endoskopischer Befunde ist als Grundlage der Behandlung von Patienten mit chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen wie Morbus Crohn und Colitis ulcerosa von entscheidender Bedeutung. Diese Befunde sind zum einen Grundlage therapeutischer Entscheidungen und zum anderen ein unverzichtbarer Parameter der Bewertung des Ansprechens auf eine Behandlung. Endoskopische Befunde sollten daher nach standardisierten Kriterien erstellt werden, um eine Vergleichbarkeit der Befunde unterschiedlicher Untersucher wie auch die valide Erfassung von Veränderungen im zeitlichen Verlauf der Erkrankung zu gewährleisten. Vor diesem Hintergrund haben 15 Mitglieder der AG Bildgebung des Kompetenznetzes Darmerkrankungen ein Positionspapier erarbeitet, in dem eine Befundstruktur für die Dokumentation endoskopischer Untersuchungen entworfen wird. Die Empfehlungen adressieren neben den formalen Angaben zu jeder Untersuchung insbesondere eine Vielzahl von Attributen akuter und chronisch entzündlicher mukosaler Veränderungen sowie endoskopisch detektierbarer Komplikationen, die detailliert erläutert und anhand charakteristischer Abbildungen illustriert werden. Zudem werden häufiger verwendete endoskopische Aktivitätsindizes vorgestellt, und ihre Nutzung im klinischen Alltag wird diskutiert.
Effects of Sodium Valproate Monotherapy on Blood Liver Enzyme Levels
in Patients with Epilepsy: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fu Jie , Tao Tao , Li Zuoxiao , Chen Yangmei , Chen Xiu , Li Jinglun , Peng Lilei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe conducted this meta-analysis to assess the effects of sodium valproate (VPA)
monotherapy on blood liver enzymes in patients with epilepsy. PubMed, Web of
Science, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, China national knowledge
infrastructure databases were searched. Nine studies were included. Results
showed: (1) The overall SMD for blood AST, ALT, and GGT levels of VPA
monotherapy group versus control group were 0.70 (95% CI=0.31 to
1.09, Z=3.52, p=0.0004), 0.47 (95%
CI=− 0.01 to 0.95, Z=1.91, p=0.06), 0.44
(95% CI=0.29 to 0.60, Z=5.55, p<0.00001),
respectively. (2) In subgroup meta-analysis, increased blood AST and GGT levels
were observed in epileptic minors (AST: total SMD=0.85, 95%
CI=0.40 to 1.30, Z=3.69, p=0.0002; GGT: total
SMD=0.46, 95% CI=0.29 to 0.63, Z=5.25,
p<0.00001). Elevated blood ALT level was observed in Asian patients
receiving VPA monotherapy (total SMD=0.70, 95% CI=0.51
to 0.90, Z=7.01, p<0.00001), and the early stage of VPA
monotherapy (total SMD=0.93, 95% CI=0.57 to 1.29,
Z=5.09, p<0.00001). Overall, our results indicated that blood
AST and GGT were significantly increased in epileptic minors receiving VPA
monotherapy. The elevation of blood ALT was observed in Asian patients and the
early stage of VPA monotherapy. However, due to the small number of included
studies, our results should be considered with caution.
Effect of Lisinopril and Verapamil on Angiopoietin 2 and Endostatin
in Hypertensive Diabetic Patients with Nephropathy: A Randomized
Trial
Authors: Sallam Al-Aliaa M. , Salem Mohamed , Abdel-Aleem Eman , El-Mesallamy Hala O. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAngiogenesis is a multistep process implicated in the pathophysiology and
progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Angiotensin-converting enzyme
inhibitors (ACEI) and calcium channel blockers (CCB) have an important role in
DN. We performed a randomized-controlled trial of lisinopril alone (an ACEI) or
in combination with verapamil (a CCB) as a therapy for DN in type 2 diabetes
mellitus (T2DM) patients with hypertension (HTN) and urinary albumin creatinine
ratio (UACR) (30–300 mg/g) also to evaluate their effect
on UACR, the angiogenic proteins: Angiopoietin 2 (Ang-2) and Endostatin (EST).
Forty T2DM patients with microalbuminuria, aged 45–65 years were
included. Patients were randomly assigned into group 1 receiving oral lisinopril
and group 2 receiving oral lisinopril and verapamil once daily. After 3 months
follow-up fasting blood glucose (FPG), HbA1c, lipid profile, UACR, serum urea
and creatinine levels were assessed. EST and Ang-2 were measured using ELISA
technique. Baseline Ang-2 and EST levels were elevated in both groups compared
with controls (p<0.001). After follow-up, group 2 had significantly
decreased FPG, HbA1c, UACR, EST and Ang-2 compared with their baseline levels
(p<0.001 for all comparisons) and with group 1 (p<0.001). No
adverse reactions were reported. Baseline EST and Ang-2 were positively
correlated to UACR (r=0.753, p<0.001) (r=0.685,
p<0.001). Lisinopril/verapamil combination enhanced glycemic
control and kidney function via diminishing EST and Ang-2. This combination can
be considered as a safe and effective approach for early stage nephropathy
therapy in T2DM.
Das „Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality“ (CAMS) – Eine wirksame (Kurz-) Intervention zur Behandlung von suizidalen Patienten
Authors: Santel Miriam , Beblo Thomas , Leygraf Jan , Driessen Martin 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDas „Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality“ (CAMS) ist einer von mehreren Interventionsansätzen zur Behandlung von suizidalen Patienten und Patientinnen und wurde weltweit seit 3 Jahrzehnten untersucht und weiterentwickelt. Das CAMS ist auf die Etablierung einer tragenden therapeutischen Beziehung auf Augenhöhe zu einer suizidalen Person ausgerichtet. Der Patient wird aktiv an der Einschätzung seines Suizidrisikos beteiligt und zum „Mitverfasser“ seines eigenen suizidspezifischen Behandlungsplans. Das konkrete therapeutische Vorgehen wird durch ein vielseitig anwendbares Instrument, die sogenannte Suizidstatusform (SSF), strukturiert und geleitet. Das CAMS kann von verschiedenen therapeutischen Berufsgruppen sowie bei Patienten und Patientinnen mit unterschiedlichen Diagnosen angewandt werden. Die Wirksamkeit im Hinblick auf eine Verringerung von Suizidgedanken, der allgemeinen psychischen Belastung und Depressivität sowie auf eine Zunahme von Hoffnung und Zuversicht ist mittlerweile empirisch gut belegt.
Predicting the Course of Graves’ Orbitopathy Using Serially Measured TSH-Receptor Autoantibodies by Automated Binding Immunoassays and the Functional Bioassay
Authors: Philipp Svenja , Eckstein Anja , Stöhr Mareile , Oeverhaus Michael , Lytton Simon D. , Horstmann Mareike , Zwanziger Denise , Möller Lars , Stark Achim , Führer-Sakel Dagmar , Bechrakis Nikolaos , Berchner-Pfannschmidt Utta , Banga J. Paul 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate the use of serial measurements of TSH-receptor autoantibodies (TRAb) with the newest available assay technology to predict the course of Graves’ Orbitopathy (GO) during the first 24 months from disease onset. Serial serum samples from patients with GO (103 mild/135 severe) were collected between 2007 and 2017 and retrospectively analyzed. The course of GO were classified into mild/severe 12 months after manifestation (severe: NOSPECS≥5; mild<5). TRAb were measured with automated binding immunoassays (IU/l): TRAb Elecsys (Cobas, Roche), TRAb bridge assay (IMMULITE, Siemens), and a cell-based bioassay (percent of specimen to reference ratio - SRR%) (Thyretain, Quidel). Variable cut off levels of measured TRAb were calculated at specificity of 90% from receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis for several timepoints during the course of GO. To select one: 5–8 months after first GO symptoms, which is the timepoint for usual referals for treatment mild course could be predicted at cut offs of 1.5 IU/l (Elecsys), 0.8 IU/l (Immulite) and 402% SRR (Thyretain) and the risc of severe course has to be anticipated if TRAb are above 11.6 IU/l (Elecsys), 6.5 IU/l (Thyretain), and 714% SRR (Thyretain). The Thyretain bioassay showed the highest diagnostic sensitivity (using the commercial cut off’s) over the entire follow up period. TRAb measurements during the 24-month follow up of GO provide added value to the GO clinical activity and severity scores and should be used especially in the event of an unclear decision-taking situation with regard to therapy.
Magnets and a self-retractable wire for endoscopic septotomies: from concept to first-in-human use
Authors: Huberland François , Rio-Tinto Ricardo , Cauche Nicolas , Dugardeyn Sonia , Delattre Cécilia , Sandersen Charlotte , Rocq Laureen , van Ouytsel Pauline , Delchambre Alain , Devière Jacques , Blero Daniel 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background A medical device that allows simple and safe performance of an endoscopic septotomy could have several applications in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. We have developed such a device by combining two magnets and a self-retractable wire to perform a progressive septotomy by compression of the tissues. We describe here the concept, preclinical studies, and first clinical use of the device for the treatment of symptomatic epiphrenic esophageal diverticulum (EED).
Methods The MAGUS (MAgnetic Gastrointestinal Universal Septotome) device was designed based on previous knowledge of compression anastomosis and currently unmet needs. After initial design, the feasibility of the technique was tested on artificial septa in pigs. A clinical trial was then initiated to assess the feasibility and safety of the technique.
Results Animal studies showed that the MAGUS can perform a complete septotomy at various levels of the GI tract. In two patients with a symptomatic EED, uneventful complete septotomy was observed within 28 and 39 days after the endoscopic procedure.
Conclusions This new system provides a way of performing endoluminal septotomy in a single procedure. It appears to be effective and safe for managing symptomatic EED. Further clinical applications where this type of remodeling of the GI tract could be beneficial are under investigation.
Chylous Ascites, Unusual Association with Ductal Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma with Plasmacytoid Morphology: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Satala Catalin Bogdan , Jung Ioan , Bara Tivadar Jr. , Tudorache Vlad , Gurzu Simona 
Published: July 2021

AbstractChylous ascites represents a relatively uncommon condition. In this paper, we present a case of chyloperitoneum associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and a review of literature regarding chylous ascites. A 76-year-old male patient was admitted in emergency department with acute abdomen. A pancreatic cancer was suspected. Subtotal spleno-pancreatectomy, for a nodular mass infiltrating the mild and distal portion of the pancreas, was necessary. During surgical intervention in the peritoneal cavity, a moderate quantity of whitish and thick consistency fluid with milk-like appearance was observed to be accumulated. After examination of the fluid, chyloperitoneum was diagnosed. The histologic examination showed a PDAC, with multiple emboli in lymph vessels, with tumor cells with plasmacytoid morphology, diagnosed as lymphangiosis carcinomatosa. The patient died at 3 weeks after surgical intervention. In patients with pancreatic cancer and chylous ascites, suspicion of tumor-related blockage of the lymphatic flow should be suspected. Prognosis of PDAC should be evaluated not only based on the number of lymph node metastases, but also considering the number of lymph vessels with tumor emboli and the architecture of tumor cells. This is the first reported case of a PDAC with plasmacytoid morphology of lymphangiosis carcinomatosa.
Large Bowel Obstruction
Authors: Johnson Wali R. , Hawkins Alexander T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNearly one-quarter of bowel obstructions occur in the large bowel. As with all bowel obstructions, large bowel obstructions have three defining characteristics: partial or complete, intrinsic or extrinsic, benign or malignant. The work-up for a large bowel obstruction should focus on the etiology of the obstruction as well as severity. Management strategy is contingent on the previous characteristics and can include endoscopy, diversion, or resection. This chapter will discuss common and rare etiologies of large bowel obstructions as well as management strategies for clinical guidance.
Lactoferrin Efficacy versus Ferrous Sulfate in Treatment of Children with Iron Deficiency Anemia
Authors: El-Asheer Osama Mahmoud , Ahmed Ahmed Gaber , Hafez Zainab AbdelAal Abdel , Dahpy Marwa AbdelHafiz , Soliman Amal AbdElSalam 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding globular glycoprotein that is structurally and chemically similar to serum transferrin. Many studies have been done to evaluate the effect of oral LF administration on iron deficiency anemia (IDA) with controversial results. This study was designed to compare the efficacy of LF versus oral ferrous sulfate (OFS) therapy in the treatment of children with IDA. A significant increase in mean hemoglobin and serum iron concentrations was noted in the group that received oral bovine LF (11.06 ± 0.96 and 42.79 ± 6.14, respectively) versus the group that received OFS (10.24 ± 0.57 and 28.94 ± 5.05, respectively, with p < 0.001 for each) after 30 days of the treatment with fewer side effects (9.3 vs. 33.3% with p = 0.043). Oral bovine LF is a more effective and safer alternative in treating iron deficiency and IDA compared with OFS with clinical benefits of fewer side effects and better patient compliance.
Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumor
Authors: Kargwal Naresh , Panda Viraj , Jha Abhijeet , Singh Chandra Bhushan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGastric neuroendocrine tumor (gNET) is a rare carcinoid of the stomach whose incidence is increasing due to widespread use of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE). There are four types of gNETs with different management strategies and prognosis. Here, we present a patient who came with abdomen pain and intermittent melena. UGIE showed a sessile polyp in the stomach. The patient subsequently underwent polypectomy and was symptomatically relieved.
Utility of Neonatal Findings in Early Diagnosis of a Case of Haberland Syndrome
Authors: Sturgis Morgan R. , Wrobel Kathryn E. , Bosco Gianna N. , Jones Carolyn H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHaberland syndrome or encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis (ECCL) is a rare, congenital syndrome characterized by lipomas and noncancerous tumors of the scalp, skin, and eyes, in addition to intellectual disability, early onset seizures, and ectomesodermal dysgenesis. The diagnosis of ECCL is classically made by clinical presentation, imaging, and histopathological findings, but due to the spectrum of clinical presentation and symptom severity, diagnosis is often delayed until adolescence or adulthood. Here we present a newborn male infant, one of the earliest case diagnoses to our knowledge, with a unique constellation of physical exam and neuroimaging findings consistent with this diagnosis. We aim to address important neonatal findings to aid in early detection and diagnosis of this unique disease, which is thought to improve clinical outcomes and patient quality of life.