bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Hypomineralized Second Primary Molars and Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in a Group of School-Aged Children in Turkey
Authors: Karakaya Esra , Sonmez Hayriye 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjective This study aims to evaluate the relationship between hypomineralized second primary molars (HSPMs) and molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and to determine the prevalence of HSPM in different severities of MIH.Materials and Methods The study included a total of 345 children aged 7 to 11, affected with MIH at various severities. Scoring for HSPM defects was adapted according to the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry diagnostic criteria and applied by a single calibrated examiner. Comparative evaluation of HSPM at various MIH severities was tested using a single variable logistic regression analysis. An odds ratio at a 95% confidence interval was used to test the relation between HSPM and MIH.Results The prevalence of HSPM was 61.7% in MIH-affected children, whereas it was 2.6% in the control group (p < 0.001). The presence of HSPM and the increase in the number of affected teeth significantly raised the odds of the occurrence of MIH. HSPM prevalence was higher in children affected with milder MIH compared to those affected severely. The recorded defects were common as white-cream demarcated opacities without any loss of structure.Conclusion The prevalence of HSPM was significantly higher in children presenting MIH. Therefore, hypomineralization on the primary second molars pointed to an association between MIH and HSPM. For an early diagnosis of MIH, children presenting HSPM whose first permanent molars have not erupted yet should be followed up at regular intervals by pediatric dentists.
Effect of Electronic Prescribing Compared to Paper-Based (Handwritten) Prescribing on Primary Medication Adherence in an Outpatient Setting: A Systematic Review
Authors: Aluga David , Nnyanzi Lawrence A. , King Nicola , Okolie Elvis A. , Raby Peter 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Electronic prescriptions are often created and delivered electronically to the pharmacy while paper-based/handwritten prescriptions may be delivered to the pharmacy by the patients. These differences in the mode of creation and transmission of the two types of prescription could influence the rate at which outpatients fill new prescriptions of previously untried medications.
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate literatures to determine the impact of electronic prescribing compared with paper-based/handwritten prescribing on primary medication adherence in an outpatient setting.
Methods The keywords and phrases “outpatients,” “e-prescriptions,” “paper-based prescriptions,” and “primary medication adherence” were combined with their relevant synonyms and medical subject headings. A comprehensive literature search was conducted on EMBASE, CINAHL, and MEDLINE databases, and Google Scholar. The results of the search were screened and selected using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) was used for quality appraisal of included studies. Data relevant to the objective of the review were extracted and analyzed through narrative synthesis.
Results A total of 10 original studies were included in the final review, including 1 prospective randomized study and 9 observational studies. Nine of the 10 studies were performed in the United States. Four of the studies indicated that electronic prescribing significantly increases initial medication adherence, while four of the studies suggested the opposite. The remaining two studies found no significant difference in primary medication adherence between the two methods of prescribing. The variations in the studies did not allow the homogeneity required for meta-analysis to be achieved.
Conclusion The conflicting findings relating to the efficacy of primary medication adherence across both systems demonstrate the need for a standardized measure of medication adherence. This would help further determine the respective benefits of both approaches. Future research should also be conducted in different countries to give a more accurate representation of adherence.
‘I Just Keep Quiet’: Addressing the Challenges of Married Rohingya Girls and Creating Opportunities for Change
Authors: Guglielmi Silvia , Mitu Khadija , Seager Jennifer 
Published: August 2021

AbstractChild marriage among Rohingya refugees living in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, is driven by economic strain and deep-seated gender norms. Mounting evidence shows the harmful effects of child marriage, and SDG 5.3 underpins a global impetus to eliminate it. Our mixed-methods research across refugee camps in Ukhia and Teknaf Upazilas included quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews (IDIs) with married and unmarried girls and their parents, and focus group discussions (FGDs) with parents of married and unmarried girls, boys, and community members to understand Rohingya perspectives on child marriage, the role of norms in displacement, and how married girls’ capabilities are impacted by their marital status. We find that married girls face increased gender-based violence (GBV) risks, including intimate partner violence (IPV), and greater mental distress. While norms are shifting for older Rohingya women, married girls are excluded from social participation or personal growth beyond the household. We argue that involving married girls in community activities and vocational training designed according to local market needs may empower married girls.
How to wield regional power from afar: a conceptual discussion illustrated by the case of France in Central Africa
Authors: Mattheis Frank 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhat does it take to belong to a region and exert power over it? The scholarship on regional powers has elaborated sophisticated indicators to establish nuances of power, but the depiction of the region has remained vague. Most approaches are characterised by a narrow territorial interpretation that does not properly take into account power wielded by geographically distant actors. Using the case of France in Central Africa this article argues that a distant state can a) hold a dominant share of military, economic and soft power, b) use this power for hegemonic behaviour and c) be recognised as a leader in the region by both internal and external actors. The main specificity of distant actors as regional powers is the greater necessity for a legitimising narrative. France tackles this hurdle with the help of regional organisations that reproduce imperial structures. By holding the informal status of a quasi-member in regional governance structures, France participates in region-building processes from the inside rather than the outside.
TRIM47 activates NF-κB signaling via PKC-ε/PKD3 stabilization and contributes to endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer
Authors: Azuma Kotaro , Ikeda Kazuhiro , Suzuki Takashi , Aogi Kenjiro , Horie-Inoue Kuniko , Inoue Satoshi 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Resistance to endocrine therapy is a major obstacle to managing breast cancer. Here, we introduce that tripartite motif protein TRIM47 enhances endocrine therapy resistance and facilitates breast cancer tumorigenesis. We showed that TRIM47 immunoreactivity scores in breast cancer specimens were positively associated with shorter disease-free survival of the patients with postoperative endocrine therapy. Overexpression of TRIM47 in breast cancer cells activated NF-κB signaling, which is partly due to the stabilization of PKC-ε and PKD3 by interacting with TRIM47. As an underlying mechanism, we demonstrated TRIM47-dependent modification of PKC-ε by atypical lysine 27–linked polyubiquitination. Our study implies that TRIM47 and its associated kinases can be potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for patients with breast cancer refractory to endocrine therapy.
An in vitro vesicle formation assay reveals cargo clients and factors that mediate vesicular trafficking
Authors: Huang Yan , Yin Haidi , Li Baiying , Wu Qian , Liu Yang , Poljak Kristina , Maldutyte Julija , Tang Xiao , Wang Mo , Wu Zhixiao , Miller Elizabeth A. , Jiang Liwen , Yao Zhong-Ping , Guo Yusong 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Protein sorting in the secretory pathway is a fundamentally important cellular process, but the clients of a specific cargo sorting machinery remains largely underinvestigated. Here, utilizing a vesicle formation assay to profile proteins associated with vesicles, we identified cytosolic proteins that are associated with vesicle membranes in a GTP-dependent manner or that interact with GTP-bound Sar1A. We found that two of them, FAM84B and PRRC1, regulate anterograde trafficking. Moreover, we revealed specific clients of two export adaptors, SURF4 and ERGIC53. These analyses demonstrate that our approach is powerful to identify factors that regulate vesicular trafficking and to uncover clients of specific cargo receptors, providing a robust method to reveal insights into the secretory pathway.
Low-temperature emergent neuromorphic networks with correlated oxide devices
Authors: Goteti Uday S. , Zaluzhnyy Ivan A. , Ramanathan Shriram , Dynes Robert C. , Frano Alex 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Designing neuromorphic hardware for cryoelectronics is an important area of research as the field of computing paradigms beyond complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) progresses. Superconductivity and metal−insulator transitions are two of the most celebrated emergent, collective properties found in quantum materials such as strongly correlated oxides. Here, we present simulations of artificial neural networks that can be designed by combining superconducting devices (e.g. Josephson junctions) with Mott metal−insulator transition−based tunable resistor devices. Our simulations show that 1) neurons and synapses can be seamlessly created, 2) their functions can be tuned via learning, and 3) controlling disorder by incorporating light ions enables exponential multiplicity of states. The results open up directions for incorporating emergent behavior seen in condensed matter into hardware design for artificial intelligence.
Connected skiing: Validation of edge angle and radial force estimation as motion quality parameters during alpine skiing
Authors: Snyder Cory , Martinez Aaron , Strutzenberger Gerda , Stöggl Thomas 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTRecent studies have developed wearable sensor systems to detect, classify and evaluate performance during alpine skiing. In order to enrich skiing data to provide motion quality feedback, edge angle (EA) and radial force (Fr) are parameters of interest. However, the estimation of these parameters via calibration‐free wearable technologies has not been validated. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a wearable method to estimate EA and Fr. Participants completed simulated skiing trials on an indoor skiing carpet. Two IMU's mounted to the ski boots estimated EA and Fr and compared to reference values measured with a 3D motion capture system. The performance of the wearable system was quantified by accuracy and precision. The overall accuracy and precision of the wearable system was 97.6 ± 12.4% and 15.5 ± 17.6% for EA, and 105.5 ± 5.7% and 29.8 ± 10.0%, respectively for Fr. The developed wearable system was accurate for the estimation of EA and Fr, but was highly variable with low precision for both metrics. Further research is needed to improve the precision of field‐relevant skiing metrics during in‐field studies using simple measurement setups that can easily be implemented by recreational and expert skiers alike.Highlights
IMU's mounted on the boots are sufficient tools for accurate estimation of edge angle and radial force during both long and short style turns on a skiing simulator.
As the estimation of edge angle and radial force are dependent on other estimated parameters (i.e. turn switch), the precision of these metrics is relatively low.
The results of the current study apply only to simulated alpine skiing on a treadmill, and further work is required to prove the accuracy and precision of this system on snow.
Measurement of the 91Zr(p,γ)92m
Nb cross section motivated by type Ia supernova nucleosynthesis
Authors: Gyürky Gy , Halász Z , Kiss G G , Szücs T , Huszánk R , Török Zs , Fülöp Zs , Rauscher T , Travaglio C 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The synthesis of heavy, proton rich isotopes is a poorly understood astrophysical process. Thermonuclear (type Ia) supernova explosions are among the suggested sites and the abundance of some isotopes present in the early Solar System may be used to test the models. 92Nb is such an isotope and one of the reactions playing a role in its synthesis is 91Zr(p,γ)92Nb. As no experimental cross sections were available for this reaction so far, nucleosynthesis models had to solely rely on theoretical calculations. In the present work the cross section of 91Zr(p,γ)92m
Nb has been measured at astrophysical energies by activation. The results excellently confirm the predictions of cross sections and reaction rates for 91Zr(p,γ)92Nb, as used in astrophysical simulations.
Quantum oscillations in an optically-illuminated two-dimensional electron system at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface
Authors: Leermakers I , Rubi K , Yang M , Kerdi B , Goiran M , Escoffier W , Rana A S , Smink A E M , Brinkman A , Hilgenkamp H , Maan J C , Zeitler U 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We have investigated the illumination effect on the magnetotransport properties of a two-dimensional electron system at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface. The illumination significantly reduces the zero-field sheet resistance, eliminates the Kondo effect at low-temperature, and switches the negative magnetoresistance into the positive one. A large increase in the density of high-mobility carriers after illumination leads to quantum oscillations in the magnetoresistance originating from the Landau quantization. The carrier density (∼2 × 1012 cm−2) and effective mass (∼1.7m
e) estimated from the oscillations suggest that the high-mobility electrons occupy the d

xz/yz
subbands of Ti:t2g
orbital extending deep within the conducting sheet of SrTiO3. Our results demonstrate that the illumination which induces additional carriers at the interface can pave the way to control the Kondo-like scattering and study the quantum transport in the complex oxide heterostructures.
Recent advances in medical countermeasure development against acute radiation exposure based on the US FDA animal rule
Authors: MacVittie Thomas J , Farese Ann M 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Recent advances in medical countermeasures (MCMs) has been dependent on the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) animal rule (AR) and the final guidance document provided for industry on product development. The criteria outlined therein establish the path for approval under the AR. The guidance document, along with the funding and requirements from the federal agencies provided the basic considerations for animal model development in assessing radiation effects and efficacy against the potential lethal effects of acute radiation injury and the delayed effects of acute exposure. Animal models, essential for determining MCM efficacy, were developed and validated to assess organ-specific, potentially lethal, radiation effects against the gastrointestinal (GI) and hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS), and radiation-induced delayed effects to lung and associated comorbidities of prolonged immune suppression, GI, kidney and heart injury. Partial-body irradiation models where marginal bone marrow was spared resulted in the ability to evaluate the concomitant evolution of multiple organ injury in the acute and delayed effects in survivors of acute radiation exposure. There are no MCMs for prophylaxis against the major sequelae of the ARS or the delayed effects of acute exposure. Also lacking are MCMs that will mitigate the GI ARS consequent to potentially lethal exposure from a terrorist event or major radiation accident. Additionally, the gap in countermeasures for prophylaxis may extend to mixed neutron/gamma radiation if current modelling predicts prompt exposure from an improvised nuclear device. However, progress in the field of MCM development has been made due to federal and corporate funding, clarification of the critical criteria for efficacy within the FDA AR and the concomitant development and validation of additional animal models. These models provided for a strategic and tactical approach to determine radiation effects and MCM efficacy.
The SVD beamformer with diverging waves: a proof-of-concept for fast aberration correction
Authors: Bendjador Hanna , Décombas-Deschamps Sofiane , Dioguardi Burgio Marco , Sartoris Riccardo , Van Beers Bernard , Vilgrain Valérie , Deffieux Thomas , Tanter Mickaël 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The rise of ultrafast ultrasound imaging—with plane or diverging waves - paved the way to new applications of ultrasound in biomedical applications. However, propagation through complex layers (typically fat, muscle, and bone) hinder considerably the image quality, especially because of sound speed heterogeneities. In difficult-to-image patients, in the case of the hepatic steatosis for instance, a good image and a reliable sound speed quantification are crucial to provide a powerful non-invasive diagnosis tool. In this work, we proposed to adapt the singular value decomposition (SVD) beamformer method for diverging waves and thus present a novel aberration correction approach for widely used curved arrays. We probed its efficiency experimentally both in vitro and in vivo. Besides the proposed matrix formalism, we explored the physical meaning of the SVD of ultrafast data. Finally, we demonstrated the ability of the technique to improve the image quality and offer new perspectives particularly in quantitative liver imaging.
A roadmap for sole Cherenkov radiators with SiPMs in TOF-PET
Authors: Kratochwil Nicolaus , Gundacker Stefan , Auffray Etiennette 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Time of flight positron emission tomography can strongly benefit from a very accurate time estimator given by Cherenkov radiation, which is produced upon a 511 keV positron–electron annihilation gamma interaction in heavy inorganic scintillators. While time resolution in the order of 30 ps full width at half maximum (FWHM) has been reported using MCP-PMTs and black painted Cherenkov radiators, such solutions have several disadvantages, like high cost and low detection efficiency of nowadays available MCP-PMTs. On the other hand, silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are not limited by those obstacles and provide high photon detection efficiency with a decent time response. Timing performance of PbF2 crystals of various lengths and surface conditions coupled to SiPMs was evaluated against a reference detector with an optimized test setup using high-frequency readout and novel time walk correction, with special attention on the intrinsic limits for one detected Cherenkov photon only. The average number of detected Cherenkov photons largely depends on the crystal surface state, resulting in a tradeoff between low photon time spread, thus good timing performance, and sensitivity. An intrinsic Cherenkov photon yield of 16.5 ± 3.3 was calculated for 2 × 2 × 3 mm3 sized PbF2 crystals upon 511 keV γ-deposition. After time walk correction based on the slew rate of the signal, assuming two identical detector arms in coincidence, and using all events, a time resolution of 215 ps FWHM (142 ps FWHM) was obtained for 2 × 2 × 20 mm3 (2 × 2 × 3 mm3) sized PbF2 crystals, compared to 261 ps (190 ps) without correction. Selecting on one detected photon only, a single photon coincidence time resolution of 113 ps FWHM for black painted and 166 ps for Teflon wrapped crystals was measured for 3 mm length, compared to 145 ps (black) and 263 ps (Teflon) for 20 mm length.
Adaptive multilayer networks resolve the cooperation dilemma induced by breaking the symmetry between interaction and learning
Authors: Chen Wei , Wu Te 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We study the coupled dynamics between strategy updating and partner switching on adaptive multilayer networks whose structure is split into an interaction layer for accumulating payoff and a learning layer for updating strategy. Two different types of adaptive multilayer network dynamics are modeled to study the evolution of cooperation. First, the selected individual either varies his strategy updating environment or switches his interaction partners during the partner switching process. It is proved that an increasing ratio of interaction network reconfiguration facilitates the coevolution of cooperation, indicating that interaction network acts a profound role in promoting the coevolution cooperation. Furthermore, we consider a type that the selected player simultaneously updates his strategy updating network and interaction network during the rewiring process. For a low frequent partner switching process, it is found that the evolution of cooperation is hindered whenever the two layers do not coincide. However, when the frequency of partner switching process increases, breaking the symmetry between interaction network and learning network resolves the social dilemma and enhances the evolution of cooperation. Moreover, a comparison between two adaptive multilayer network dynamics shows that the former type that only permits one layer to evolve every step on the adaptive multilayer networks suppresses the evolution of cooperation.
Investigation of functional brain network reconfiguration during exposure to naturalistic stimuli using graph-theoretical analysis
Authors: Zhang Gaoyan , Liu Xin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective. One of the most significant features of the human brain is that it can dynamically reconfigure itself to adapt to a changing environment. However, dynamic interaction characteristics of the brain networks in naturalistic scenes remain unclear. Approach. We used open-source functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 15 participants who underwent fMRI scans while watching an audio–visual movie ‘Forrest Gump’. The community detection algorithm based on inter-subject functional correlation was used to study the time-varying functional networks only induced by the movie stimuli. The whole brain reconfiguration patterns were quantified by the temporal co-occurrence matrix that describes the probability of two brain regions engage in the same community (or putative functional module) across time and the time-varying brain modularity. Four graph metrics of integration, recruitment, spatio-temporal diversity and within-community normalised centrality were further calculated to summarise the brain network dynamic roles and hub features in their spatio-temporal topology. Main results. Our results suggest that the networks that were involved in attention and audio–visual information processing, such as the visual network, auditory network, and dorsal attention network, were considered to play a role of ‘stable loners’. By contrast, ‘unstable loner’ networks such as the default mode network (DMN) and fronto-parietal network tended to interact more flexibly with the other networks. In addition, global brain network showed significant fluctuations in modularity. The ‘stable loner’ networks always maintained high functional connectivity (FC) strength while ‘unstable loner’ networks, especially the DMN, exhibited high intra- and inter-network FC only during a low modularity period. Finally, changes in brain modularity were significantly associated with variations in emotions induced by the movie. Significance. Our findings provide new insight for understanding the dynamic interaction characteristics of functional brain networks during naturalistic stimuli.