bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review: Photonics devices, architectures, and algorithms for optical neural computing
Authors: Xiang Shuiying , Han Yanan , Song Ziwei , Guo Xingxing , Zhang Yahui , Ren Zhenxing , Wang Suhong , Ma Yuanting , Zou Weiwen , Ma Bowen , Xu Shaofu , Dong Jianji , Zhou Hailong , Ren Quansheng , Deng Tao , Liu Yan , Han Genquan , Hao Yue 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The explosive growth of data and information has motivated various emerging non-von Neumann computational approaches in the More-than-Moore era. Photonics neuromorphic computing has attracted lots of attention due to the fascinating advantages such as high speed, wide bandwidth, and massive parallelism. Here, we offer a review on the optical neural computing in our research groups at the device and system levels. The photonics neuron and photonics synapse plasticity are presented. In addition, we introduce several optical neural computing architectures and algorithms including photonic spiking neural network, photonic convolutional neural network, photonic matrix computation, photonic reservoir computing, and photonic reinforcement learning. Finally, we summarize the major challenges faced by photonic neuromorphic computing, and propose promising solutions and perspectives.
The effect of γ-ray irradiation on the SOT magnetic films and Hall devices
Authors: Yang Tengzhi , Cui Yan , Li Yanru , Yang Meiyin , Xu Jing , He Huiming , Wang Shiyu , Zhang Jing , Luo Jun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Magnetoresistive random access memories (MRAMs) have drawn the attention of radiation researchers due to their potential high radiation tolerance. In particular, spin-orbit torque MRAM (SOT-MRAM) has the best performance on endurance and access speed, which is considered to be one of the candidates to replace SRAM for space application. However, little attention has been given to the γ-ray irradiation effect on the SOT-MRAM device yet. Here, we report the Co-60 irradiation results for both SOT (spin-orbit torque) magnetic films and SOT-Hall devices with the same stacks. The properties of magnetic films are not affected by radiation even with an accumulated dose up to 300 krad (Si) while the magnetoelectronic properties of SOT-Hall devices exhibit a reversible change behavior during the radiation. We propose a non-equilibrium anomalous Hall effect model to understand the phenomenon. Achieved results and proposed analysis in this work can be used for the material and structure design of memory cell in radiation-hardened SOT-MRAM.
Integration of GaN analog building blocks on p-GaN wafers for GaN ICs
Authors: Li Xiangdong , Geens Karen , Amirifar Nooshin , Zhao Ming , You Shuzhen , Posthuma Niels , Liang Hu , Groeseneken Guido , Decoutere Stefaan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We demonstrate the key module of comparators in GaN ICs, based on resistor-transistor logic (RTL) on E-mode wafers in this work. The fundamental inverters in the comparator consist of a p-GaN gate HEMT and a 2DEG resistor as the load. The function of the RTL comparators is finally verified by a undervoltage lockout (UVLO) circuit. The compatibility of this circuit with the current p-GaN technology paves the way for integrating logic ICs together with the power devices.
Management of Microgrid System Based on Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Hasan Wafeeqa Abdulrazak , Abed Issa Ahmed , Shary Diyah Kammel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Currently, due to the industrial progress in the world and the increase in population numbers led to the occurrence of an economic crisis as well as environmental pollution; for which there are microgrid advances capabilities and the use of renewable sources, for production the energy at high quality and lowest cost possible. So, there are many effective algorithms can be utilized for a purpose schedule energy production among available sources of energy in the microgrid system. A microgrid with two diesel generators, two wind turbines and three fuel-cell plants has been used as a case study. Firefly algorithm (FA) nature-inspired algorithms are among the most efficient algorithm for optimization, the proposed method used to optimize schedule generation in a microgrid for 24 hours at minimum cost. Moreover, the results are validated by performing various tests of the algorithm parameters and have proven that the method is efficiently done for scheduling optimum power generation in the microgrid.
A General Algorithm of Association Rule-Based Machine Learning Dedicated for Text Classification
Authors: hamid Zeyad , Khafaji Hussein K 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Many data mining techniques and machine learning algorithms have been developed to classify textual data involving decision tree, support vector machine, K-Nearest neighbour, in addition to machine learning-based algorithms. Association rules based machine learning is accomplished in two phases; training phase and testing phase that may be reinforced to enhance the classification accuracy according to new minimum support and confidence. Association rules mining/processing, in its various applications, passes through two massive computation steps; frequent itemsets mining and association rules extraction. This paper presents a general algorithm for association rules-based machine learning dedicated to text classification. To verify the efficiency of the algorithm, different text datasets were used such as tweets dataset for sentiment classification, pdf documents and HTML documents. Experiments of sentiment classification showed that the classifier constructed according to minsup threshold =%700 and minconf threshold =50% gives the best performance with F1 = 0.9861811 while the experiments of HTML and PDF appeared accurate classification equal to (94%).
Study of the performance of multiple v-type fin arrangements as an enhancement of natural heat transfer from a vertical surface
Authors: Muhammed Mahmmod A. , Al-Hamadani Ali A. F. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Thermal influence on home appliances, devices and other engineering systems is so high that it causes a system failure. The dominant mode of heat transfer through these systems is the natural heat transfer. As the value of heat transfer coefficient is low, an extension in the heat transfer area becomes essential. The extension is merely to add fins with different shapes and configurations depends on the geometry of systems and space available. One of these configurations is the V type fin array. A testbed was built using two different configurations of fin array. The first array looks like the letter “V” with two discrete parts and the other array is the upset of the letter “V”. The array consists of two columns and five rows separated by a certain distance. The variable heat fluxes were achieved by changing the voltage of three heating elements fixed to the backside of the testbed. Seven thermocouples were fixed at different positions on the testbed and the experiment was run to calculate the natural heat convection through the testbed. The configuration with upset V shape fin shows better performance because it allows the air to flow faster through the middle passage separating the fin array.
Modeling Efficient Hybrid Air Conditioning System
Authors: Hannun R M , Hamza S Q 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The main objective of the present study is to investigate the thermal performance of the air chiller using the heat exchanger using the chilled water tank by Freon R-134a. The air chiller model was designed and fabricated with all measuring devices in the AL-Muthanna city environment. The practical tests were carried out with a change in the factors governing air coolant performance to investigate their effects on the properties of the system. The study covered the values of the cooling water flow rate at (2l/min) and the evaporator water temperature (2.5 to 5.69 °C) and the return water temperature in the reservoir ranged from 11.6 to 19.2 °C). The greatest coefficient of thermal performance in the system was (5) while the lowest coefficient of thermal performance was (3.6) and that agreement to the experimental studies of this type of system. The results showed that the average guidance in the consumption of air-chilled energy by using the water tank and Freon R-134a was about 13% to 32% compared to the conventional air conditioner. All through the results indicated that the addition of a cooling stage to the conventional cooler inside the testing room results in lowering the temperature (dry temperature) by (27%) and reduced the relative humidity by (36%).
Behavior of Slurry Infiltrated Fibrous Concrete (SIFCON) Deep Beams: With and Without Openings
Authors: Abd Mohammed S , Abd Ammar A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Due to the absence of study deals with the effect of SIFCON on deep beams, this study was conducted. The mechanical properties; compressive, tensile, flexural and shear strength were tested. The second aspect was the study of behavior of SIFCON deep beams with and without openings. The study was divided into two groups. The first group was prepared to cover the following cases: variation in SIFCON ratio, the effect of shear span to depth ratio, removing of vertical steel and removing of mesh reinforcement. While, the second group was prepared to study the following cases: variation in SIFCON ratio, openings reinforcement effect and effect of opening shape. The increase of SIFCON ratio by (6% to 9%) gave increasing in the cracking and ultimate load compared with a deep beam of conventional concrete. In addition, it was removed either vertical reinforcement or all reinforcement, it showed an increase in ultimate load for solid deep beams with SIFCON of (9%) increased than the conventional concrete. The results showed that the ultimate load was increased with decreasing the effective shear span to depth ratio. The SIFCON deep beam with inclined reinforcement around the openings gave increasing in the ultimate load than the conventional concrete deep beam with inclined reinforcement. Also, the SIFCON deep beam with circular opening gave high cracking and ultimate loads than square and triangular openings. The toughness and ductility were increased for all SIFCON deep beams.
Underground housing formation strategies
Authors: Mahdi R M , Aboud A H 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper studied underground residential spaces as one of the most important treatments used since a long time ago until now, and despite the set of obstacles accompanying it, such as increasing costs and special construction treatments required by building, the resulting spaces remain a viable alternative to housing. The research problem is stated as a need for knowledge to determine the morphological formation of the residential underground to enhance its attachment to the surface. To solve such research problem, the most important vocabulary and indicators related to each of the morphology of the underground residential space and the physical links that work to enhance the relationship of the underground residential space with the surface have been investigated and identified. Suitable for housing depending on specialized architectural proposals. A questionnaire was conducted to demonstrate the possibilities of adopting the values of underground residential space morphology and the main element of Physical connectors between the top and bottom and indicating the degree of achievement of value resulting from the theoretical framework. The research founded that the underground residential space was considered fit for housing whenever its connection with the surface was strong depending on the functional, visual and spatial connectors.
Motion simulation design of crank-connecting rod mechanism of automobile engine
Authors: Zhang Sui , Ma Qiang , Zhang Liang , Wan Hao-chuan , He Ren-qi , Tan Tun-xu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the crank-connecting rod mechanism of Santana 2000AJR automobile engine is modeled by UG8.0 software with CAD technology, and then the motion simulation module is used to create the motion drive. After pre-processing and post-processing, the motion simulation design of the crank-connecting rod mechanism is completed. In the development of automobile, the motion simulation technology can simulate the motion law of crank-connecting rod mechanism and replace the complicated physical experiments in practice, shorten the calculation cycle and cost, and lay a foundation for optimizing the design of crank-connecting rod mechanism.
Effect of temperature on the performance of sherardizing coating
Authors: Zhang Xiaohua , Guo Lijuan , Wang Wei , Hou Caifeng , Zhang Ke 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
To investigate the effect of the sherardizing temperature on the coating performance, several experiments were made at 380°C, 390°C, 400°C, 410°C and 420°C for 4h. The coating composition, morphology, thickness, mass, and microhardness were analyzed. The results show that the coating is continuous, dense and uniform. The coating is mainly formed by the diffusion of Zn and Fe atoms, and has a two-phase structure. The top layer is a thick FeZn10 phase, and the subjacent layer is a thin Fe11Zn40 phase. With the increase of temperature, the morphology and microhardness of coating change little, but the coating thickness and mass increase gradually.
Study on System Design and Variation of Vehicle Antenna Eccentricity test
Authors: Jiang Guokai , Ji Guotian , Feng Jiaxu , Shen Penghui , Ding Yifu , Wang Changyuan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper takes the vehicle antenna as the research object, and carries out a comparative study on vehicle antenna testing by improving the NF-FF transformation algorithm and combining the special application scenarios of vehicle testing. Research has shown that when the vehicle is used as the DUT, there is a significant difference in the near-field test data when the vehicle antenna is in the center and the geometric center of the vehicle is in the test center; however, through correct NF-FF transformation processing, both far-field radiation patterns are consistent. It shows that the far-field radiation information of the whole vehicle can be obtained under the processing of spherical near-field measurement and near-far-field transformation. This conclusion provides a basis for the promotion of wireless performance testing of the vehicle.
Mathematical modelling of unstable bent flow using the selective frequency damping method
Authors: Proskurin Alexander V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The selective frequency damping method was applied to a 90-degree bent flow. The method was used in an adaptive formulation. The most dangerous frequency was determined by solving an eigenvalue problem. It was found that one of the patterns, steady-state or pulsating, may exist at some relatively high Reynolds numbers. The periodic flow occurs due to the instability of the steady-state flow. This numerical method is easy to use but requires a great deal of time for calculations.
Traveling magnetization waves in diluted magnetic material
Authors: Tsiberkin Kirill 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe magnetization evolution of the paramagnetic matrix and ferromagnetic admixture ions is considered using the continuous medium model. A dynamical equation system is derived. Two possible solutions are obtained. The first is a travelling wave of finite amplitude, which is stable in the system with a ferromagnetic interaction of admixture ions. The second solution is a soliton; its amplitude and velocity are determined by the exchange energy of the admixture ions and dipole interaction between them and the bulk matrix. The dipolar coupling of the bulk lattice and admixture ions has a significant effect on the solution stability.
Joint influence of electric field and vibrations on the instability of fluid dielectric layer with free boundary
Authors: Sadilov E S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The joint influence of normal electric field and normal vibrations on the instability of the infinitely deep fluid dielectric layer with free boundary in the approximation of small viscosity was studied. It was shown that normal vibrations increase the value of electrical field strength exciting. The electric field effect on the first resonance zone was also studied. It was shown that for sufficiently small values of Weber number there were such values of electrical field strength that had three or two resonance zones existed instead of one first resonance zone.
Mechanical properties of bulk composites based on aluminum alloy reinforced with CNT with ex-situ TiC layer
Authors: Aborkin A.V. , Babin D.M. , Zalesnov A.I. , Bokaryov D.V. , Elkin A.I. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The composite powders AlMg6 + 0.3 wt.% CNT and AlMg6 + 0.3 wt.% TiC/CNT were synthesized by the method of high-energy ball milling. Characterization of powders was carried out by methods of scanning electron microscopy, granulometric, and X-ray phase analysis. The powders were consolidated by hot pressing. The structural-phase composition and mechanical properties of bulk composites have been studied. The positive effect of the ex-situ TiC layer on the CNT surface on the mechanical properties of composites based on the AlMg6 aluminum alloy is shown.
Model of the thermal processes during controlled deposition of island nanofilms
Authors: Bukharov D.N. , Scryabin I.O. , Abramov A.S. , Arakelian S.M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A model of the influence of thermal factors in the Rayleigh-Benard convection approximation is proposed. The system of equations of the model was solved using the Chorin projection scheme taking into account the correction based on Ri – Chou interpolation.
Methods for the solid-state lasers generation modes control for the material laser processing efficiency improving
Authors: Shepelev A.E. , Antipov A.A. , Putilov A.G. , Osipov A.V. , Arakelian S.M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The areas of modern solid-state lasers application for solving technological problems of materials laser processing are described. The mod composition of laser radiation, which is used in various technological processes of materials laser processing, such as perforation, cutting and welding of materials, and others, are analyzed. The necessity of solid-state lasers functional improvement in terms of increasing the efficiency of their practical use is substantiated. A method for the prospective application of lasers for technological purposes is presented, based on the functional separation of the acting laser pulses of millisecond duration. The results of experimental testing of this method on the basis of a solid-state technological YAG: Nd3 + laser are presented. The results of studies of the efficiency of processing materials with different thermophysical properties by laser pulses with a complex temporal shape are presented. The experiments results are analyzed. Potential areas of promising use of this method are noted.
Ethnopharmacological Research of Plant Resources of Central and Eastern Yakutia
Authors: Chirikova N K , Nokhsorov V V , Nikolaev V M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, the authors analyzed the ethnopharmacological use of 55 medicinal plant species (herbalists, healers, and shamans) by the population of Central and Eastern Yakutia. The results indicate that the most commonly used plants belong to the Asteraceae, Rosaceae, and Lamiaceae families. In Eastern Yakutia, the population most widely uses Dryopteris fragrans, Pinus pumila, Dracocephalum palmatum, and Juniperus sibirica. The population of Central Yakutia uses the species of Artemisia and Thymus genera, as well as Veronica incana and Phlojodicarpus sibiricus species. The most commonly used medicine forms are decoctions, infusions, and tinctures (60%). They are generally made from grass or leaves. The survey indicates that 34.5% of the plants are used as anti-inflammatory or invigorating means. The qualitative analysis shows that 48% of the plants accumulate phenolic compounds.
The Cultivation of Early Potatoes in the Conditions of Climate Change
Authors: Gasparyan I N , Levshin A G 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Climate change is becoming increasingly dangerous for agricultural regions. Nevertheless, it gives some advantages for cultivating early potatoes. Potato is a ductile crop ubiquitously grown in Russia. In the Moscow region, it is possible to obtain two early potato crops due to various technological methods, e.g., light germination and large fractions of tubers for the first sowing. The first planting was carried out by the germination of tubers Red Scarlet, Meteor, and Lady Claire. The second planting was carried out with the middle fraction of the same array. The obtained crops of early potatoes show the possibility to get two crops in the Moscow region. It is better to carry out the first planting with a large fraction, which is physiologically older since it is more resistant to various growing conditions and has more nutrients in early planting. Thus, the tubers germinate faster, and the development phases pass faster, which allows one to get the crop by July 15. Such products are sold at higher prices and are economically feasible for any farm. The second landing was carried out on July 15. The received products are in demand among the population and restaurateurs in the fall, indicating the appropriateness of this cultivation technology. Therefore, climate change allows obtaining two early potato crops in the conditions of the Moscow Region.
Spawning Migrations of the Baikal Omul
Authors: Voronov M G , Bolshunova E A , Luzbaev K V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a complete list of spawning rivers of the Baikal omul. We specified the length of rivers, the location, and length of spawning grounds and plotted them on the topographic map. The study examines the ecological and biological significance of the spawning migrations of the Baikal omul. It reveals the features of spawning migration to latitudinal rivers. We show that the space and time structure of omul spawning is genetically determined. Baikal omul developed a peculiar mechanism of using even the most remote spawning grounds. This mechanism implies considering migration opportunities before entering the river and taking into account the river regime. Migration opportunities depend on the reproductive maturity of individual fish at the beginning of spawning migration. The research finds that the remoteness of the spawning grounds used by omul in the Selenga River correlates with the maturity of the female gonads at the moment of entering the river in a particular year. The water level influences the flow dynamics and changes the distribution of roe in the spawning grounds. The dynamics of entry into the Selenga River is also preserved when the spawning stock moves to the spawning grounds. Mass spawning of omul in entering the Selenga and Upper Angara Rivers allowed us to establish a pattern of spawning distribution between the spawning grounds, depending on the entry time.