bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Bamboo Rooftop Tower for Communication
Authors: Umesha P K , Kanmani S S , Asha P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the feasibility of bamboo for a roof top telecommunication tower is analysed. For this, the bamboo of even shape, color and thickness is selected and tested for the physical and mechanical properties in the laboratory. The roof top towers of heights 6m, 9m and 12m erected on existing building (height 15m) are considered in the present study. The other parameter considered for the study are base widths and bracing patterns. The main loads acting on the tower self-weight, wind loads and antennae loads. The wind load values are calculated as per IS:875 (Part 3)-2015 The tower is modelled as truss elements in STAAD Pro software and analysed for different loads and load combinations. The governing tensile and compressive stresses are checked with the allowable stresses. The allowable stress in compression members depends on slenderness ratio. The allowable stress formulae are derived in line with IS:802(Part 1/Sec 2)-2016 and checked with actual stresses for the suitability of the tower members. The deflection is calculated for service load and checked with the allowable value as per TIA-222-G-2005 code. The strength and deflection of narrow 12 high towers are not within the permissible range hence they are not suitable.
Physical Activity Adoption and Maintenance Among Breast Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Trial of Peer Mentoring
Authors: Pinto Bernardine M , Dunsiger Shira I , Kindred Madison M , Mitchell Sheryl 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Peer support can extend the reach of physical activity (PA) interventions. In previous studies, peer support via weekly counseling calls increased PA at 3 and 6 months among breast cancer survivors, compared to contact control. However, effects were attenuated at 6 months. Interventions targeting PA maintenance among cancer survivors are limited. Hence, we extended prior work to identify effective PA maintenance interventions.

Purpose
Following a 3-month PA intervention, the study compared the effects of three 6-month interventions on PA at 12 months.

Methods
One hundred and sixty-one inactive breast cancer survivors participated in a 12-month randomized controlled trial. Intervention delivery was uniform for the first 3-months: all participants received a weekly call with their peer coach to encourage PA. Following month 3, participants self-monitored PA and received feedback reports (Reach Plus) or additionally received, a monthly phone call (Reach Plus Phone), or weekly text message (Reach Plus Message). Moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) was measured using self-report (7 Day PAR) and accelerometry at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.

Results
At 3 months, there were significant within group increases in self-reported and objectively measured MVPA with no between-group differences (ps &gt; .05). At 6 months, adjusted longitudinal models showed that Reach Plus Message reported an additional 23.83 (SD = 6.33, f2 = .12) min/week of MVPA and Reach Plus Phone reported an additional 18.14 min/week (SD = 5.15, f2 =.16) versus Reach Plus. Results were similar at 9 months. At 12 months, Reach Plus Message and Reach Plus Phone both out-performed Reach Plus (ps = .04 and .05 respectively and effect sizes f2 = .11 and f2 = .21 respectively). Accelerometer data showed similar patterns: Reach Plus Message and Reach Plus Phone out-performed Reach Plus at 6 (f2 = .20) and 9 months (f2 = .09).

Conclusion
Phone calls from peer mentors and text messaging can support PA maintenance among breast cancer survivors.

Clinical Trial information
ClinicalTrials.Gov NCT02694640.
Evaluation of rates of virologic suppression in HIV-positive patients with varying numbers of comorbidities
Authors: Fischetti Briann , Sorbera Maria , Michael, Rebecca , Njeim Noor 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Purpose
To evaluate the impact of the number of comorbidities on virologic suppression in HIV-positive patients.

Methods
This study included patients 18 years or older who were on antiretroviral therapy (ART) with at least 2 visits to an HIV primary care clinic in the past year. The primary outcome was the percentage of patients with an undetectable viral load (a blood HIV RNA level of &lt;20 copies/mL) among groups of patients with 0, 1 or 2, 3 or 4, and 5 comorbidities, respectively. The secondary outcome was the percentage of patients with undetectable viral loads per each comorbidity, as listed above. The study was reviewed by an institutional review board and approved as exempt from full review.

Results
Among the 1,144 patients (median age of 52 years, 43% female, 74% Black) included in the study, 80% had an undetectable viral load, and the mean CD4 count was 638 cells/mm3. The majority of patients (48%) had 1 or 2 comorbidities, with only 2 patients having 5 comorbidities. For patients with 0, 1 or 2, 3 or 4, and 5 comorbidities, the percentages of patients with undetectable HIV viral loads were 76%, 81.7%, 87.9%, and 100%, respectively (P = 0.0009 in χ 2 test for trend). When looking at individual comorbidities, corresponding viral suppression rates were as follows: chronic kidney disease, 88.6%; hypertension, 85.8%; type 2 diabetes, 85.7%; clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, 83.1%; substance abuse, 76%; and psychiatric disorders, 75.2%.

Conclusion
Improved viral suppression was seen among HIV-positive patients with an increased number of comorbidities. Patients with psychiatric disorders had the lowest viral suppression rates amongst all of the comorbidity subgroups.
Computed Tomography Analysis of Nasal Anatomy in Dorsal Preservation Rhinoplasty
Authors: Eravci Fakih Cihat , Özer Halil , Arbağ Hamdi , Eryilmaz Mehmet Akif , Aricigil Mitat , Dündar Mehmet Akif 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Subdorsal septal resection and radix osteotomy are distinctive surgical steps in preservation rhinoplasty.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the nasal bone thickness, the level of the septal bony-cartilaginous junction (K area), and the distances of the frontal sinus and skull base from the transverse osteotomy line in the Turkish population by means of conventional computed tomography (CT).

Methods
A retrospective evaluation was made of 203 consecutive preoperative paranasal CT scans of patients (classified in terms of age and gender) who had undergone rhinoplasty surgery between January 2020 and June 2021. The nasal bone thickness at the medial canthus level, and the distances between the transverse osteotomy line and the K area, the frontal sinus, and the cribriform plate were measured.

Results
The mean measurements were similar in terms of age groups (P = 0.402, P = 0.542, P = 0.134 and P = 0.276 for ages 18-30, 30-40, 40-50, and &gt;50 years, respectively). The mean nasal bone thickness and the distance between the transverse osteotomy line and the K area showed statistical significance (P = 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). In both genders, the mean distances between the transverse osteotomy line and the frontal sinus and the cribriform plate were similar (P = 0.921 and P = 0.280, respectively). The nasal bone was thinner and the K area position more cephalic in females.

Conclusions
CT plays an important role in preoperative planning. The need for resection of the ethmoid perpendicular bone may be greater in males when lowering the dorsal hump, and hence they may be more prone to skull base complications. It is therefore necessary to be more careful in the surgical stage of subdorsal septal excision in males.
A chromosome-scale genome assembly and karyotype of the ctenophore Hormiphora californensis
Authors: Schultz Darrin T , Francis Warren R , McBroome Jakob D , Christianson Lynne M , Haddock Steven H D , Green Richard E 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Here, we present a karyotype, a chromosome-scale genome assembly, and a genome annotation from the ctenophore Hormiphora californensis (Ctenophora: Cydippida: Pleurobrachiidae). The assembly spans 110 Mb in 44 scaffolds and 99.47% of the bases are contained in 13 scaffolds. Chromosome micrographs and Hi-C heatmaps support a karyotype of 13 diploid chromosomes. Hi-C data reveal three large heterozygous inversions on chromosome 1, and one heterozygous inversion shares the same gene order found in the genome of the ctenophore Pleurobrachia bachei. We find evidence that H. californensis and P. bachei share thirteen homologous chromosomes, and the same karyotype of 1n = 13. The manually curated PacBio Iso-Seq-based genome annotation reveals complex gene structures, including nested genes and trans-spliced leader sequences. This chromosome-scale assembly is a useful resource for ctenophore biology and will aid future studies of metazoan evolution and phylogenetics.
Sirtuin 1 is involved in oleic acid-induced calf hepatocyte steatosis via alterations in lipid metabolism-related proteins
Authors: Ding Hongyan , Li Yu , Liu Leihong , Hao Ning , Zou Suping , Jiang Qianming , Liang Yusheng , Ma Nana , Feng Shibing , Wang Xichun , Wu Jinjie , Loor Juan J 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), an NAD-dependent protein deacetylase, plays a central role in the control of lipid metabolism in nonruminants. However, the role of SIRT1 in hepatic lipid metabolism in dairy cows with fatty liver is not well known. Thus, we used isolated primary bovine hepatocytes to determine the role of SIRT1 in protecting cells against oleic acid (OA)-induced steatosis. Recombinant adenoviruses to overexpress (AD-GFP-SIRT1-E) or knockdown (AD-GFP-SIRT1-N) SIRT1 were used for transduction of hepatocytes. Calf hepatocytes isolated from five female calves (1 d old, 30 to 40 kg) were used to determine both time required and the lowest dose of OA that could induce triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation. Analyses indicated that 0.25 mM OA for 24 h was suitable to induce TAG accumulation. In addition, OA not only led to an increase in TAG, but also upregulated mRNA and protein abundance of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1) and downregulated SIRT1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PPARGC1A). Thus, these in vitro conditions were deemed optimal for subsequent experiments. Calf hepatocytes were cultured and incubated with OA (0.25 mM) for 24 h, followed by adenoviral AD-GFP-SIRT1-E or AD-GFP-SIRT1-N transduction for 48 h. Overexpression of SIRT1 led to greater protein and mRNA abundance of SIRT1 along with fatty acid oxidation-related genes including PPARGC1A, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA), retinoid X receptor α (RXRA), and ratio of phospho-acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (p-ACACA)/total acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA). In contrast, it resulted in lower protein and mRNA abundance of genes related to lipid synthesis including SREBF1, fatty acid synthase (FASN), apolipoprotein E (APOE), and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). The concentration of TAG decreased due to SIRT1 overexpression. In contrast, silencing SIRT1 led to lower protein and mRNA abundance of SIRT1, PPARGC1A, PPARA, RXRA, and greater protein and mRNA abundance of SREBF1, FASN, APOE, and LDLR. Further, those responses were accompanied by greater content of cellular TAG and total cholesterol (TC). Overall, data from these in vitro studies indicated that SIRT1 is involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism in calf hepatocytes subjected to an increase in the supply of OA. Thus, it is possible that alterations in SIRT1 abundance and activity in vivo contribute to development of fatty liver in dairy cows.
Scientific aspirations of the Chinese Space Station program: an interview with Ming Gao
Authors: Zhao (赵维杰) Weijie 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
On 17 June 2021, China's spacecraft Shenzhou 12 took three Chinese astronauts into the Earth's orbit and docked with the assembly of Tianhe and Tianzhou, the core module and cargo ship of the Chinese Space Station (CSS), which had been launched and assembled in orbit earlier this year. The three astronauts became the first visitors of the CSS and would stay in orbit for about three months. In 2022, two laboratory cabin modules, Wentian and Mengtian, will be launched and assembled into Tianhe, completing the basic structure of the CSS. The CSS is designed to be used for at least 10 years, and will provide an outer space experimental platform for researchers from multiple disciplines.
On 23 July 2021, National Science Review (NSR) interviewed Professor Ming Gao (高铭), the Commander-in-Chief of the Space Utilizaiton System of the China Manned Space Program, Director General of the Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization (CSU) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and an Academician of the International Academy of Astronautics. The Space Utilizaiton System is the scientific part of the CSS project, responsible for the design and organization of the onboard research programs. Gao has been involved in China's Manned Space Program since 1994, and has experienced the whole development process from the Shenzhou spacecraft to the CSS. In this interview, she introduces the scientific goals, plans and aspirations of the CSS.
Fetal Exposure to Antiseizure Medications
Authors: Rosenberg Karen 
Published: August 2021

According to this study:

Cognitive outcomes at two years of age in the language domain of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition, didn't differ between children of women with epilepsy and children of healthy women.In adjusted analyses, however, higher blood levels of antiseizure medication in the third trimester were associated with lower scores for the motor and general adaptive domains.
Association between circulating CD39+CD8+ T cells pre-chemoradiotherapy and prognosis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Dong Dan-Ning , Fan Pei-Wen , Feng Ya-Ning , Liu Gui-Hai , Peng Yan-Chun , Dong Tao , Wang Ruo-Zheng , Yu Jin-Ming 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
The mortality rate among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has improved significantly with the advent of chemoradiotherapy strategies. However, distant metastasis remains problematic. Tumor-specific reactivity in cancer patients has been detected exclusively in CD39+ T cells, particularly in CD39+CD103+ T cells. Circulating cancer-specific T cells are important for protecting against metastasis. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of circulating CD39+CD8+ T cells for metastasis in patients with NPC.

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional, longitudinal study of 55 patients with newly diagnosed NPC of stage III–IVa. All patients were initially treated with standard combined chemoradiotherapy. Blood samples were obtained from 24 patients before and at 1 month and 6 months after treatment. T cell expression of CD39 and CD103, together with the markers of T cell exhaustion programmed death-1 (PD-1)/T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (Tim-3) and markers of cell differentiation CD27/CC-chemokine receptor 7/CD45RA, was examined by flow cytometry. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test analysis was used to analyze the differences between two groups. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used for analysis of progression-free survival (PFS).

Results
The expression of circulating CD39+CD8+ and CD39+CD103+ CD8+ T cells was significantly higher in patients without distant metastasis (CD39+CD8+: 6.52% [1.24%, 12.58%] vs. 2.41% [0.58%, 5.31%], Z=−2.073, P=0.038 and CD39+CD103+CD8+: 0.72% [0.26%, 2.05%] vs. 0.26% [0.12%, 0.64%], Z=−2.313, P = 0.021). Most CD39+ T cells did not express PD-1 or Tim-3. Patients with high expression of CD39+CD103+CD8+ T cells had better PFS than patients with low expression (log rank value = 4.854, P = 0.028). CD39+CD8+ T cells were significantly elevated at 1-month post-treatment (10.02% [0.98%, 17.42%] vs. 5.91% [0.61%, 10.23%], Z = −2.943, P = 0.003). The percentage of advanced differentiated CD8+ T cells also increased at 1-month post-treatment compared with pre-treatment (33.10% [21.60%, 43.05%] vs. 21.00% [11.65%, 43.00%], Z = −2.155, P = 0.031). There was a significant correlation between elevated CD39+CD8+ T cells and increased effector memory T cells (intermediate stage: r = 0.469, P = 0.031; advanced stage: r = 0.508, P = 0.019).

Conclusions
CD39+CD8+ circulating T cells have preserved effector function, contributing to an improved prognosis and a reduced risk of metastasis among NPC patients. These cells may thus be a useful predictive marker for a better prognosis in patients with NPC.
Social contacts and other risk factors for respiratory infections among internally displaced people in Somaliland
Authors: van Zandvoort Kevin , Bobe Mohamed Omer , Hassan Abdirahman Ibrahim , Abdi Mohamed Ismail , Ahmed Mohammed Saed , Warsame Mohamed Yusuf , Wais Muna Awil , Diggle Emma , Satzke Catherine , Mulholland Kim , Egeh Mohamed Mohamoud , Hassan Mukhtar Muhumed , Hergeeye Mohamed Abdi , Eggo Rosalind M , Checchi Francesco , Flasche Stefan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPopulations affected by humanitarian crises experience high burdens of acute respiratory infections (ARI), potentially driven by risk factors for severe disease such as poor nutrition and underlying conditions, and risk factors that may increase transmission such as overcrowding and the possibility of high social mixing. However, little is known about social mixing patterns in these populations.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional social contact survey among internally displaced people (IDP) living in Digaale, a permanent IDP camp in Somaliland. We included questions on household demographics, shelter quality, crowding, travel frequency, health status, and recent diagnosis of pneumonia, and assessed anthropometric status in children. We calculated age-standardised social contact matrices to assess population mixing, and conducted regression analysis on risk factors for recent self-reported pneumonia.ResultsWe found crowded households with high proportions of recent self-reported pneumonia (46% in children). 20% of children younger than five are stunted, and crude death rates are high in all age groups. ARI risk factors are common, but we did not find any significant associations with self-reported pneumonia. Participants reported around 10 direct contacts per day. Social contact patterns are assortative by age, and physical contact rates are very high (78%).ConclusionsARI risk factors are very common in this population, while the large degree of contacts that involve physical touch could further increase transmission. Such IDP settings potentially present a perfect storm of risk factors for ARIs and their transmission, and innovative approaches to address such risks are urgently needed.
Ergodic patterns of cell state transitions underlie the reproducibility of embryonic development
Authors: Genuth Miriam , Kojima Yasuhiro , Jülich Dörthe , Kiryu Hisanori , Holley Scott A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe reproducibility of embryonic development is a remarkable feat of biological organization, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Clearly, gene regulatory networks are central to the orderly progression of development, but noisy molecular and cellular processes should reduce reproducibility. Here, we identify ergodicity, a type of dynamical stability, as underlying the reproducibility of development. In ergodic systems, a single timepoint measurement equals a time average. Focusing on the zebrafish tailbud, we define gene expression and cell motion states using a parallel statistical analyses of single cell RNA sequencing data and in vivo timelapse cell tracking data and a change point detection algorithm. Strikingly, the cell motion state transitions in each embryo exhibit the same patterns for both a single timepoint and a 2-3 hour time average. Both the cell motion and gene expression cell states exhibit balanced influx and outflux rates reflecting a spatiotemporal stability. Stated simply, these data indicate the pattern of changes in the tailbud doesn’t change. This ergodic pattern of cell state transitions may represent an emergent meta-state that links gene networks to the reproducible progression of embryogenesis.
Trade-off between stimulation focality and the number of coils in multi-locus transcranial magnetic stimulation
Authors: Nurmi Samuel , Karttunen Jere , Souza Victor H. , Ilmoniemi Risto J. , Nieminen Jaakko O. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveCoils designed for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) must incorporate trade-offs between the required electrical power or energy, focality and depth penetration of the induced electric field (E-field), coil size, and mechanical properties of the coil, as all of them cannot be optimally met at the same time. In multi-locus TMS (mTMS), a transducer consisting of several coils allows electronically targeted stimulation of the cortex without physically moving a coil. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the number of coils in an mTMS transducer, the focality of the induced E-field, and the extent of the cortical region within which the location and orientation of the maximum of the induced E-field can be controlled.ApproachWe applied convex optimization to design planar and spherically curved mTMS transducers of different E-field focalities and analyzed their properties. We characterized the trade-off between the focality of the induced E-field and the extent of the cortical region that can be stimulated with an mTMS transducer with a given number of coils.Main resultsAt the expense of the E-field focality, one can, with the same number of coils, design an mTMS transducer that can control the location and orientation of the peak of the induced E-field within a wider cortical region.SignificanceWith E-fields of moderate focality, the problem of electronically targeted TMS becomes considerably easier compared with highly focal E-fields; this may speed up the development of mTMS and the emergence of new clinical and research applications.
Teaching free energy calculations to learn from experimental data
Authors: Wieder Marcus , Fass Josh , Chodera John D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlchemical free energy calculations are an important tool in the computational chemistry toolbox, enabling the efficient calculation of quantities critical for drug discovery such as ligand binding affinities, selectivities, and partition coefficients. However, modern alchemical free energy calculations suffer from three significant limitations: (1) modern molecular mechanics force fields are limited in their ability to model complex molecular interactions, (2) classical force fields are unable to treat phenomena that involve rearrangements of chemical bonds, and (3) these calculations are unable to easily learn to improve their performance if readily-available experimental data is available. Here, we show how all three limitations can be overcome through the use of quantum machine learning (QML) potentials capable of accurately modeling quantum chemical energetics even when chemical bonds are made and broken. Because these potentials are based on mathematically convenient deep learning architectures instead of traditional quantum chemical formulations, QML simulations can be run at a fraction of the cost of quantum chemical simulations using modern graphics processing units (GPUs) and machine learning frameworks. We demonstrate that alchemical free energy calculations in explicit solvent are especially simple to implement using QML potentials because these potentials lack singularities and other pathologies typical of molecular mechanics potentials, and that alchemical free energy calculations are highly effective even when bonds are broken or made. Finally, we show how a limited number of experimental free energy measurements can be used to significantly improve the accuracy of computed free energies for unrelated compounds with no significant generalization gap. We illustrate these concepts on the prediction of aqueous tautomer free energies (related to tautomer ratios), which are highly relevant to drug discovery in that more than a quarter of all approved drugs exist as a mixture of tautomers.