bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining Small-Town Growth and Expansion in Peri-urban Areas of Small Cities: Evidence from Peripheries of Three Small Cities in Central Java
Authors: Mardiansjah Fadjar Hari , Sugiri Agung , Ma'rif Samsul 
Published: December 2021

Urbanization in small and medium-sized cities in Java is marked by an urban expansion process to the surrounding areas, forming the growing small towns in their peripheries. Using the case of the extended urban areas of Tegal, Pekalongan and Magelang in Central Java, this study examined small-town growth and development in peri-urban areas of small and medium cities. It first looked at the growth of small towns in the peri-urban areas of these small cities and then identified various factors and mechanisms that contribute to the formation, growth and expansion of small towns. The study further looked into the challenges and implications of the trend toward policies for managing such processes more sustainably. The growth of urbanized villages in some kabupatens (non-urban districts or regencies) surrounding these small cities, as documented by the national statistical board from 1990 to 2017, was used as the basis for analyzing these factors. This paper concludes with a discussion on the challenges and policy implications for growing small towns. The findings of this study can be useful for formulating a better approach to managing urbanization processes in the future.

Abstrak. Urbanisasi kota-kota kecil dan menengah di Jawa ditandai dengan proses perluasan kota ke wilayah sekitarnya, membentuk kota-kota kecil yang berkembang di pinggirannya. Dengan menggunakan kasus perluasan wilayah Tegal, Pekalongan dan Magelang di Jawa Tengah, penelitian ini mengkaji pertumbuhan dan perkembangan kota kecil di wilayah pinggiran kota kecil dan menengah. Ini pertama-tama melihat pertumbuhan kota-kota kecil di daerah pinggiran kota-kota kecil ini dan kemudian mengidentifikasi berbagai faktor dan mekanisme yang berkontribusi pada pembentukan, pertumbuhan, dan perluasan kota-kota kecil. Studi ini lebih jauh melihat tantangan dan implikasi dari tren terhadap kebijakan untuk mengelola proses tersebut secara lebih berkelanjutan. Pertumbuhan desa urban di beberapa kabupaten (kabupaten atau kabupaten non-urban) di sekitar kota-kota kecil tersebut, sebagaimana didokumentasikan oleh BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik) dari tahun 1990 hingga 2017, digunakan sebagai dasar untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor tersebut. Makalah ini diakhiri dengan diskusi tentang tantangan dan implikasi kebijakan untuk pertumbuhan kota-kota kecil. Temuan studi ini dapat berguna untuk merumuskan pendekatan yang lebih baik untuk mengelola proses urbanisasi di masa depan.

Kata kunci. Jawa Tengah, kota kecil, urbanisasi, ekspansi kota.
Parkinson Hastalığında Depresif Belirtiler ve Fiziksel Aktivite Seviyesi Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: KOÇ Selin , RAMAZANOĞLU Engin , TALU Burcu 
Published: December 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Parkinson hastalığında depresif belirtiler ile fiziksel aktivite seviyesi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir.
Yöntemler: Bu prospektif çalışmaya; Mart 2018- Eylül 2018 tarihleri arasında yaşları 58-89 arasında değişen 25 kadın (%36, 2), 44 erkek (%63, 8) olmak üzere toplam 69 hasta dahil edildi. Parkinson hastalarında depresif belirtilerin şiddetini belirlemek için Hamilton Depresyon Değerlendirme Ölçeği, fiziksel aktivite seviyesini belirlemek için Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Ölçeği (Kısa Form) kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Tüm hastalarda ve erkeklerde; uluslararası fiziksel aktivite ölçeği ve hamilton depresyon değerlendirme ölçeği arasında negatif yönde orta şiddette anlamlı korelasyon görülürken, kadınlarda istatiksel olarak anlamlı korelasyon bulunmamaktadır. Tüm hastalarda, kadınlarda ve erkeklerde yaş ile uluslararası fiziksel aktivite ölçeği arasında negatif yönde orta şiddette anlamlı korelasyon görüldü. Tüm hastalarda ve kadınlarda hamilton depresyon değerlendirme ölçeği ile yaş arasında; pozitif yönde orta şiddette anlamlı korelasyon bulunurken, erkeklerde pozitif yönde yüksek şiddette anlamlı korelasyon bulundu. Tüm hastalarda ve kadınlarda vücut kütle indeksi ve hamilton depresyon değerlendirme ölçeği arasında; pozitif yönde orta şiddette anlamlı korelasyon görülürken, erkeklerde pozitif yönde zayıf korelasyon görüldü.
Sonuç: Parkinson hastalarında fiziksel aktivite seviyesi arttıkça depresif belirtiler düzeyinin azaldığı bulundu. Yaş arttıkça, fiziksel aktivitenin azaldığı ve depresif belirtiler düzeyinde artış olduğu gözlendi. Ayrıca vücut kütle indeksi yüksek olanlarda depresif belirtiler düzeyinin de arttırdığı görüldü. Vücut kütle indeksi ve fiziksel aktivite düzeyi değişikliğinin depresif belirtiler yönelik tedavilerle beraber uygulanmasının olumlu sonuç getireceği görüşündeyiz.
Una herramienta de apoyo a la docencia de las Matemáticas en los Estudios de Arquitectura
Authors: Reyes Iglesias María Encarnación 
Published: December 2021

The fundamental motivation for the proposed action is to improve the understanding of Mathematics by students studying Architecture. In this degree, the singular fact of the little homogeneity of the students occurs, which comes from very different high school modalities and training periods; from scientific profiles to artistic ones. This diversity forces us to pose the teaching objectives in a different way to achieve meaningful group learning, especially in subjects that, such as Mathematics, have a high theoretical content and a certain abstract character.
La motivación fundamental de la acción que se plantea es mejorar la comprensión de las Matemáticas por los alumnos que cursan estudios de Arquitectura. En esta titulación acontece el hecho singular de la poca homogeneidad del alumnado, que procede de modalidades de bachillerato y ciclos formativos muy diferentes; desde los perfiles científicos hasta los artísticos. Esta diversidad obliga a plantear los objetivos docen­tes de una forma diferente para conseguir un aprendizaje grupal significativo, sobre to­do en materias que, como las Matemáticas, poseen un alto contenido teórico y un mar­cado carácter abstracto.
Habitar la Post·Pandemia: una experiencia docente
Authors: Rivera Linares Javier , Ábalos Ramos Ana , Domingo Calabuig Débora , Lizondo Sevilla Laura 
Published: December 2021

The past state of alarm, due to the global pandemic by COVID-19, which forced people to remain confined in homes for 99 days, revealed the lack of necessary conditions in housing, and the forced alteration of inhabiting them. The experience Inhabiting the post-pandemic, learning from the experience lived at a personal and collective level, aims to add to the reflection on the future of housing. The initiative is materialized through a contest open to all architecture students in the Valencian Community and its transfer to the classroom as a vertical workshop in one of the universities participating in the initiative, relying on the contest tool as an inciter to debate and as learning methodology.
El pasado estado de alarma, consecuencia de la pandemia mundial por la COVID-19, y que obligó a las personas a permanecer confinadas en sus domicilios durante 99 días, puso de manifiesto las carencias de la vivienda y la necesaria alteración de sus condiciones en el habitar. La experiencia ‘Habitar la Post-Pandemia’, aprendiendo de la situación vivida a nivel personal y colectiva, pretende sumar un pequeño granito de arena a la reflexión sobre el futuro de la vivienda. La iniciativa se materializa a través de un concurso abierto a todos los estudiantes de arquitectura de la Comunidad Valenciana y su traslación al aula de proyectos como workshop vertical en una de las universidades participantes utilizando la estrategia de concurso como herramienta estimuladora de debate y configuradora de la propia metodología docente.
De las formas a los flujos: aproximación a un proyecto urbano [eco]sistémico
Authors: Crosas Armengol Carles , Perea Solano Miguel Jorge , Martí Elias Joan Maria 
Published: December 2021

The awareness of the effects of climate change set significant challenges to urbanism, requiring transdisciplinary approaches capable of giving efficient responses for the contemporary city and territory. A teaching programme set up in the framework of academic cooperation with other European schools through competitive Erasmus+ projects has explored the potential of urban metabolism at the scale of the urban project. Throughout several courses, the analytical and design reflection on the principles of sustainable development has been addressed at the scale of the urban fragment, testing tools, interpreting strategies and coming up with new design projects, merging rigorous and speculative approaches. Through a continuous exploration among students and teachers, some examples of what could be called [eco]systemic urbanism projects have been discussed and illustrated, going beyond the basic application of environmental standards and technical codes.
La toma de conciencia de los efectos del cambio climático plantea importantes retos al urbanismo y exige aproximaciones transdisciplinares capaces de responder eficientemente en la ciudad y el territorio contemporáneos. Un programa nacido de la cooperación académica con otras escuelas europeas en el marco de los proyectos competitivos Erasmus+ ha explorado el potencial del metabolismo urbano a la escala del proyecto urbano. A lo largo de varios cursos, se ha aproximado una reflexión analítica y propositiva sobre las principios del desarrollo sostenible a la escala del fragmento urbano, ensayando herramientas, interpretando estrategias e inventando proyectos, buscando el equilibrio entre el rigor y la especulación. A través de una continua exploración entre estudiantes y profesores, se han discutido e ilustrado algunos ejemplos de lo que podría denominarse proyecto urbano [eco]sistémico, para ir más allá de la simple aplicación de estándares ambientales y códigos técnicos.
Taller de las Ideas
Authors: Ojos-Moral Jesús de los , Rodríguez-Andrés Jairo , Fernández-Catalina Manuel 
Published: December 2021

This publication aims to communicate the teaching experience carried out during the Ideas Workshop; a workshop developed with students from the first courses of Architectural Projects with the purpose of activating the space that substantiates the origin of all creative process: the idea. During four editions a delve into the field of generating ideas was proposed. For this intention, a series of dynamics aimed at exercising intuition and individual evocation, as well as the validation of strategies, the representation of abstract themes and finally the correct presentation of ideas were proposed. The Ideas Workshop intends to complete the teaching of Architectural Projects with a methodology that reinforces the subjective, sensitive, intuitive and intentional assessment of reality as the previous and, at the same time, necessary step when approaching the architectural project.
La presente comunicación pretende compartir la experiencia docente realizada en el Taller de las Ideas, un workshop desarrollado con alumnos de los primeros cursos de Proyectos Arquitectónicos en el que procuramos activar aquel espacio en el que se fundamenta el origen de todo proceso creativo: la idea. Durante cuatro ediciones propusimos a los alumnos profundizar en el campo de la generación de las ideas. Para ello planteamos una serie de dinámicas encaminadas a ejercitar la intuición y la evocación individual, así como la validación de estrategias, la representación de temas abstractos y finalmente la correcta exposición de sus ideas. El Taller de las Ideas pretende completar la docencia de Proyectos Arquitectónicos con una metodología que refuerce la valoración subjetiva, sensible, intuitiva e intencionada de la realidad como el paso previo y a la vez necesario a la hora de abordar el proyecto arquitectónico.
Os livros didáticos e a participação de mulheres na luta armada no Brasil
Authors: Rodeghero Carla Simone , Machado Vanderlei 
Published: December 2021

Este artigo analisa um conjunto de livros didáticos de História dos catálogos do Programa Nacional do Livro Didático para o Ensino Médio (PNLEM) de 2008 e de 2018, atentando para os modos como apresentam a participação de mulheres na luta armada no Brasil, entre 1968 e 1974. A razão de nos debruçarmos sobre o tema se justifica pelo lugar que a luta armada tem na história e na memória da ditadura brasileira, pela presença do tema nos livros analisados e, ainda, pela existência de pesquisas acadêmicas e publicações diversas sobre o protagonismo de mulheres nesses acontecimentos. O texto está organizado em três partes: na primeira, apresentamos o PNLEM, os livros didáticos a serem examinados e as resenhas feitas sobre eles nos Catálogos de 2008 e de 2018, como parte do processo de avaliação previsto no Programa; na segunda parte, exploramos os conteúdos dos livros selecionados; na terceira e última parte, dialogamos com a historiografia sobre mulheres na luta armada e sobre livro didático de História.
Palavras-chave: livros didáticos de história; mulheres; ditadura; luta armada.
Publishing patterns in Pharmacy
Authors: Sandgren Terhi 
Published: December 2021

Pharmacy is a multidisciplinary research field that combines natural sciences, health sciences and social sciences to study drugs and pharmaceutical preparations from multiple perspectives. The study explores publishing patterns in pharmacy via bibliometric methods, that is statistical methods applied to study scientific literature. Earlier bibliometric studies focusing on pharmacy have used data from the international citation databases Web of Science and Scopus. In most of these studies, pharmacy has been operationalized by focusing on journals categorized as pharmacy journals. This study provides a new approach to the study of publishing patterns, by using data from institutional Current Research Information Systems (CRIS), and by using pharmacy organizations as the basis of operationalization of pharmacy. It seeks to provide a more comprehensive picture of publishing patterns, since the data covers all publication types used in pharmacy and is not limited to pharmacy journals. The objective of this study is thus to explore whether the selection of databases and operationalization of the discipline affects the results concerning publishing patterns in pharmacy. The results obtained in this study are very similar to earlier studies utilizing international databases. However, the results show that pharmacy researchers also publish in national languages, and that there are several national journals amongst the core journals that are not covered by the international databases. The multidisciplinary nature of pharmacy can be seen in the wide range of journals in which pharmacy researchers publish their articles.
Iron
Authors: Schenk Johannes 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Iron is the most useful metal. It is the base element for steel, an iron‐based alloy, the most important metallic material in use. Iron production goes back to 1300 B.C., and the technologies were steadily further developed. The blast furnace is today the dominating process for converting iron ore to metallic iron. Alternative technologies are direct and smelting reduction processes. The production of iron is energy intensive and is today based on fossil energy. The production of iron for steelmaking is responsible for 6% of the global greenhouse gas emissions.
Flame‐Retardant Polymers
Authors: Stubbs Elizabeth , Chen Chien‐Han , Emrick Todd 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe increasing use of inherently flammable polymers in society (ie, construction materials and transportation) presents a need to develop materials with flame‐retardant additives or inherently flame‐retardant polymers with low heat release properties. Developments in flammability testing techniques (eg, microscale combustion calorimetry) allow for efficient screening of novel materials and lend valuable insights into the flame‐retardant mechanisms of these materials. Effective halogenated molecules and polymers are widely used but have received increasing scrutiny for their environmental concerns. Thus, a breadth of research in recent years has spanned phosphorus‐based and fully hydrocarbon, inherently nonflammable molecules and polymers that provide promising solutions to this problem. In addition, organic/inorganic composites and coatings may be efficient flame‐retardant strategies, benefitting multiple properties including flame retardance, processing, and mechanics. Combining materials that provide low heat release properties with mechanistic insight will allow for the development of safe, low heat release materials.
Alkaline Oxygen Electrocatalysis for Fuel Cells and Metal–Air Batteries
Authors: Shah Syed S.A. , Najam Tayyaba , Brouzgou Angeliki , Tsiakaras Panagiotis 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Currently, low‐carbon economy is getting importance and electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies can play an important role in this development. Fuel cells and metal–air batteries are considered as emerging and potential alternate to conventional combustion engines. However, there are real problems that need to be faced, such as the cost, activity, and stability of electrode materials/electrocatalysts for energy conversion and storage. Recent progress in the materials design and synthesis showed that carbon‐based materials such as metal‐coordinated N‐doped carbons have better performance for oxygen electrocatalysis (OER, ORR) in both fuel cells and batteries. The active sites, an important feature of these catalysts, can be tuned by changing metallic centers, heteroatom‐doping (electronic structure, chemical composition), and porosity of materials derived from several precursors. By combining experimental results and theoretical calculations, facts revealed that the dispersion and chemical environment (elements coordinated with metal atom) in the active sites are significantly affected by the presynthesis and pyrolysis conditions. Therefore, MOF‐based precursors are considered as important due to their porosity and surface area.
The Direct Borohydride Fuel Cell
Authors: Abahussain Abdulaziz A.M. , de León Carlos Ponce , Arenas Luis F. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Fuel cells are clean power sources for both large‐scale and portable applications, as they provide a viable method for converting the chemical energy of fuel directly into electrical energy. The most developed FC is the H
2
‖O
2
system, which uses hydrogen as fuel. However, there are some issues with the use of hydrogen, such as sourcing, safety of handling, and storage. Direct borohydride fuel cells address some of these concerns. They consist of both fuel, which is oxidized at the anode, and hydrogen peroxide (or O
2
), which is reduced at the cathode. Their many advantages, such as high theoretical specific energy (up to 17 kWh kg
−1
) and high theoretical cell voltage (up to 3.02 V), have attracted increasing interest. Borohydride is also available in solid state (NaBH
4
) or as an aqueous electrolyte up to 30 wt%, where it remains with a half‐life of around 270 days at pH 13.9 (25 °C) in a strong alkaline solution. Borohydride FCs can operate under ambient conditions and in an air‐free environment, which makes them convenient for portable and anaerobic applications. The main challenge to their commercialization is the selectivity of the anode catalysts and their substrate materials. Many publications have investigated noble metals (e.g. platinum, gold, palladium) as candidate materials, but none have found yet an anode catalyst able to meet the needs of both high catalytic activity toward oxidation and low activity toward its hydrolysis. Several improving strategies are being investigated.
Accelerated Discovery and Design of Ultralow Lattice Thermal Conductivity Materials Using Chemical Bonding Principles
Authors: He Jiangang , Xia Yi , Lin Wenwen , Pal Koushik , Zhu Yizhou , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. , Wolverton Chris 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSemiconductors with very low lattice thermal conductivities are highly desired for applications relevant to thermal energy conversion and management, such as thermoelectrics and thermal barrier coatings. Although the crystal structure and chemical bonding are known to play vital roles in shaping heat transfer behavior, material design approaches of lowering lattice thermal conductivity using chemical bonding principles are uncommon. In this work, an effective strategy of weakening interatomic interactions and therefore suppressing lattice thermal conductivity based on chemical bonding principles is presented and a high‐efficiency approach of discovering low κL materials by screening the local coordination environments of crystalline compounds is developed. The resulting first‐principles calculations uncover 30 hitherto unexplored compounds with (ultra)low lattice thermal conductivities from 13 prototype crystal structures contained in the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database. Furthermore, an approach of rationally designing high‐performance thermoelectrics is demonstrated by additionally incorporating cations with stereochemically active lone‐pair electrons. These results not only provide atomic‐level insights into the physical origin of the low lattice thermal conductivity in a large family of copper/silver‐based compounds but also offer an efficient approach to discover and design materials with targeted thermal transport properties.
Surfaces Decorated with Enantiomorphically Pure Polymer Nanohelices via Hierarchical Chirality Transfer across Multiple Length Scales
Authors: Varadharajan Divya , Nayani Karthik , Zippel Christoph , Spuling Eduard , Cheng Kenneth C. , Sarangarajan Swetha , Roh Sangchul , Kim John , Trouillet Vanessa , Bräse Stefan , Abbott Nicholas L. , Lahann Joerg 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMesoscale chiral materials are prepared by lithographic methods, assembly of chiral building blocks, and through syntheses in the presence of polarized light. Typically, these processes result in micrometer‐sized structures, require complex top–down manipulation, or rely on tedious asymmetric separation. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) polymerization of chiral precursors into supported films of liquid crystals (LCs) are discovered to result in superhierarchical arrangements of enantiomorphically pure nanofibers. Depending on the molecular chirality of the 1‐hydroxyethyl [2.2]paracyclophane precursor, extended arrays of enantiomorphic nanohelices are formed from achiral nematic templates. Arrays of chiral nanohelices extend over hundreds of micrometers and consistently display enantiomorphic micropatterns. The pitch of individual nanohelices depends on the enantiomeric excess and the purity of the chiral precursor, consistent with the theoretical model of a doubly twisted LC director configuration. During CVD of chiral precursors into cholesteric LC films, aspects of molecular and mesoscale asymmetry combine constructively to form regularly twisted nanohelices. Enantiomorphic surfaces permit the tailoring of a wide range of functional properties, such as the asymmetric induction of weak chiral systems.