bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complex life histories predispose aphids to recent abundance declines
Authors: Crossley Michael S. , Smith Olivia M. , Davis Thomas S. , Eigenbrode Sanford D. , Hartman Glen L. , Lagos‐Kutz Doris , Halbert Susan E. , Voegtlin David J. , Moran Matthew D. , Snyder William E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMany animals change feeding habits as they progress through life stages, exploiting resources that vary in space and time. However, complex life histories may bring new risks if rapid environmental change disrupts the timing of these switches. Here, we use abundance times series for a diverse group of herbivorous insects, aphids, to search for trait and environmental characteristics associated with declines. Our meta dataset spanned three world regions and >300 aphid species, tracked at 75 individual sites for 10–50 years. Abundances were generally falling, with median changes of −8.3%, −5.6%, and −0.1% per year in the central USA, northwestern USA, and United Kingdom, respectively. Aphids that obligately alternated between host plants annually and those that were agricultural pests exhibited the steepest declines, relative to species able to persist on the same host plant year‐round or those in natural areas. This suggests that host alternation might expose aphids to climate‐induced phenology mismatches with one or more of their host plant species, with additional risks from exposure to insecticides and other management efforts. Warming temperatures through time were associated with milder aphid declines or even abundance increases, particularly at higher latitudes. Altogether, while a warming world appeared to benefit some aphid species in some places, most aphid species that had time‐sensitive movements among multiple host plants seemed to face greater risk of decline. More generally, this suggests that recent human‐induced rapid environmental change is rebalancing the risks and rewards associated with complex life histories.
Fabrication and properties of Cf/Ta4HfC5‐SiC composite via precursor infiltration and pyrolysis
Authors: Zou Xuegang , Ni Dewei , Chen Bowen , Ye Li , Sun Yanan , Lu Jun , Cai Feiyan , Gao Le , Zhao Tong , Dong Shaoming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, a Cf/Ta4HfC5‐SiC ultra‐high‐temperature ceramic matrix composite exhibiting a homogeneous phase distribution was successfully fabricated via precursor infiltration and pyrolysis processing. Initially, the pyrolysis and solid solution mechanisms exhibited by the Ta4HfC5 precursor were investigated and characterized through TG‐MS and XRD analysis. The as‐fabricated Cf/Ta4HfC5‐SiC composite exhibited a density and open porosity of 2.84 g/cm3 and 10.62 vol%, respectively. It also exhibited outstanding mechanical properties, with a flexural strength of 339 ± 20 MPa and fracture toughness of 11.56 ± 0.77 MPa·m1/2. The Cf/Ta4HfC5‐SiC composite demonstrated strong ablation resistance under a heat flux of 5 MW/m2 at ~2400℃, with corresponding linear and mass recession rates of 5.33 μm/s and 6.18 mg/s, respectively. The combination of strong mechanical properties and ablation resistance provides a solid basis for the use of the Cf/Ta4HfC5‐SiC composite in a new generation of ultra‐high‐temperature materials.
A new class of ion substitution to achieve high electrostrain under low electric field in BNT‐based ceramics
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Yin Jie , Wu Jiagang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFor Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT)‐based materials, the effective way of composition modification to solve the drawback of considerable remanent strain (Srem) and achieve high electrostrain appeals intensive research interest, which often accompanies by a high electric field threshold to trigger the transition from ergodic relaxor (ER) state to ferroelectric (FE) state. Here, a unipolar electrostrain of 0.40% with the high normalized strain d33*(=Smax/Emax) of 793 pm/V under a low electric field of 5 kV/mm is firstly reported in rare‐earth Ce‐modified 0.935Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–0.065BaTiO3 ceramics. Through the A‐ and B‐sites substitution with donor characteristic of multivalent Ce ion, two modification effects (i.e., compositional disorder and A‐site vacancy) are induced to weaken the A–O bonds and break the long‐range order. Microscopically, the proportion among three coexisted space groups (R3c, P4mm, and P4bm) changes in an opposite law when Ce concentration or poling electric field is served as variable, respectively. The domain size degrades after doping, but there still coexist small‐sized polar regions and labyrinth‐type domains in the optimal compound, wherein better reversibility is proved compared with undoped specimen from writing domain mode. As a result, the good reversibility and low electric field threshold (i.e., low‐energy barrier) to integrate relaxor state into FE state are ascribed to the coexistence of three phases and the coexistence of small‐sized polar regions and labyrinth‐type domains. This work not only enlarges the class of ion substitution other than the familiar substitution ions to achieve high electrostrain but also supplies a simple and propagable way to improve the relatively high electric field threshold through understanding the intrinsic mechanism of Ce ion.
Protein arginine methyltransferase 8 modulates mitochondrial bioenergetics and neuroinflammation after hypoxic stress
Authors: Couto E Silva Alexandre , Wu Celeste Y. , Clemons Garrett A. , Acosta Christina H. , Chen Chuck T. , Possoit HarLee E. , Citadin Cristiane T. , Lee Reggie H. , Brown Jennifer I. , Frankel Adam , Lin Hung W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractProtein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are a family of enzymes involved in gene regulation and protein/histone modifications. PRMT8 is primarily expressed in the central nervous system, specifically within the cellular membrane and synaptic vesicles. Recently, PRMT8 has been described to play key roles in neuronal signaling such as a regulator of dendritic arborization, synaptic function and maturation, and neuronal differentiation and plasticity. Here, we examined the role of PRMT8 in response to hypoxia‐induced stress in brain metabolism. Our results from liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate, and protein analyses indicate that PRMT8(−/−) knockout mice presented with altered membrane phospholipid composition, decreased mitochondrial stress capacity, and increased neuroinflammatory markers, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1, a specific marker for microglia/macrophage activation) after hypoxic stress. Furthermore, adenovirus‐based overexpression of PRMT8 reversed the changes in membrane phospholipid composition, mitochondrial stress capacity, and neuroinflammatory markers. Together, our findings establish PRMT8 as an important regulatory component of membrane phospholipid composition, short‐term memory function, mitochondrial function, and neuroinflammation in response to hypoxic stress.
image
Service evaluation comparing Acute Care at Home for older people service and conventional service within an acute hospital care of elderly ward
Authors: Tierney Barry , Melby Vidar , Todd Stephen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThis study evaluated the impact of a consultant‐led Acute Care at Home service in comparison with conventional hospital admission to a care of elderly ward.BackgroundGlobally, there has been an increased demand for healthcare services caused by population growth and a rise in chronic conditions and an ageing population. Acute Care at Home services offer acute, hospital‐level care in a person's own home. Five services have been commissioned across Northern Ireland since 2014 with limited research investigating their feasibility and effectiveness.DesignQuantitative design, using service evaluation methodology.MethodsA 1‐year retrospective chart review was undertaken exploring admission demographics and post‐discharge clinical outcomes of patients admitted to a Northern Ireland, Care of the Elderly ward (n = 191) and a consultant‐led Acute Care at Home Service (n = 314) between April 2018–March 2019. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential data analysis methods including frequencies, independent t tests and chi‐square analysis. Outcome measurements included length of stay, 30‐day, 3‐ and 6‐month readmission and mortality rates, functional ability and residence on discharge. STROBE checklist was used in reporting this study.ResultsAcute Care at Home services are associated with higher readmission and mortality rates at 30 days, 3 and 6 months. Fewer patients die while under Acute Care at Home care. Patients admitted to the Acute Care at Home services experience a reduced length of stay and decreased escalation in domiciliary care packages and are less likely to require subacute rehabilitation on discharge. There is no difference in gender, age and early warnings score between the two cohorts.ConclusionThe Acute Care at Home service is a viable alternative to hospital for older patients. It prevents functional decline and the need for domiciliary care or nursing home placement. It is likely that the Acute Care at Home service has higher mortality and readmissions rates due to treating a higher proportion of dependent, frail older adults.Relevance to clinical practiceAcute Care at Home services continue to evolve worldwide. This service evaluation has confirmed that Acute Care at Home services are safe and cost‐effective alternatives to traditional older people hospital services. Such services offer patient choice, reduce length of stay and costs and prevent functional decline of older adults. This study accentuates the need to expand Acute Care at Home provision and capacity throughout Northern Ireland.
Advance care planning for older adults in community‐based settings: An umbrella review
Authors: Park Eun‐Jun , Jo Minjeong , Park Mihyun , Kang Seok‐Jung 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdvance care planning (ACP) is critical to ensure better quality end of life care, and older adults are often a target of ACP. However, ACP interventions and their outcomes are neither standardised nor conclusive.ObjectivesTo synthesise existing ACP systematic reviews and identify the types and outcomes of ACP interventions for older adults in community‐based settings.MethodsAn umbrella review of systematic reviews. The Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer’s Manual was followed. Relevant systematic reviews were searched by utilising bibliographic databases, grey literature sources, and manual searches between April and July, 2019. Nine systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria. Critical appraisal on the selected reviews was conducted. Data were independently extracted using a data extraction tool by two researchers and synthesised based on consensus.ResultsThe systematic reviews suggest the critical features of ACP interventions for older adults in community‐based settings including clinicians’ face‐to‐face communication with patients and their family members, comprehensive and individualized decisional aids, a proper intensity of ACP interventions, and professional training. When categorising ACP outcomes according to Sudore et al.’s (Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 55, 2018, 245) framework, action outcomes (e.g., documentation, discussion) were frequently measured with positive outcomes. Quality of care outcomes such as congruence with care preference and healthcare outcomes such as health status were not reported sufficiently.ConclusionsThe reviews suggested essential features of ACP interventions, which were often omitted in ACP interventions for older adults. Although the outcomes were generally positive, it is inconclusive as to whether ACP interventions eventually improved quality of end of life care or health status of older adults in community‐based settings.Implications for practiceFor ACP interventions to be effective and comparable in their outcomes, we recommend adopting the key intervention components identified in this study. As the effects of ACP interventions are inconclusive, further investigations are warranted.
‘My registered nurse’: Older people’s experiences of registered nurses’ leadership close to them in community home care in Sweden
Authors: Claesson Maria , Josefsson Karin , Jonasson Lise‐Lotte 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTo explore older people's experiences of registered nurses’ leadership close to them in community home care.IntroductionIn Sweden and throughout the world, the number of people 65 years and older is increasing. While older people are living for more years, living longer can bring more diseases and disabilities, which might lead to the need for home care. Registered nurses are responsible for older people's care needs in their leadership in community home care; this is a part of their professional role as registered nurses, and it implies that they must be multi‐artists.DesignAn explorative and inductive design was used in two communities in western Sweden.MethodsIndividual interviews were conducted with older people (n = 12) with at least one year of experience with community home care. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe results are presented in the theme ‘my registered nurse’, including five categories – relationship, professional competence, nursing interventions, coordination and collaboration and organisation – and 15 sub‐categories.ConclusionsThese findings are based on older people's own experiences. This is specific, as the phenomenon of the RNs leadership is rarely explored from the perspective of older people.Implications for practiceThere is a need for organisations to create more opportunities for older people to have their own registered nurses leading close to them. This is because registered nurses have specific competences for meeting older people's individual needs and involving them as competent partners in satisfying their care needs.
Relationship between neuropsychiatric symptoms and cognitive functions in patients with cognitive impairment
Authors: Lü Wenqi , Duan Jingxi , Zhang Wenbo , Yang Wenkai , Yu Weihua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundCognitive decline and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are main clinical manifestations in Alzheimer disease (AD). It is unclear whether the link between specific NPS and cognitive domains exists in AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Our study aimed to examine the association between specific cognitive domain and NPS in AD and MCI, and to evaluate whether this association showed variety in different stages of cognitive impairment.MethodsA total of 458 patients diagnosed as AD or MCI were included in this study. Neuropsychological batteries were applied in the study. The association between NPS and cognitive function were evaluated by multiple linear regression, and its correlation was evaluated by Spearman correlation coefficient.ResultsThe prevalence of NPS increased with the severity of cognitive impairment, and there were significant differences between MCI and AD. NPS were predominantly associated with cognitive domains, including memory, language, attention, and executive function. Both regression liner analysis and correlation analysis showed delusion, hallucination, and aberrant motor behaviour (AMB) were linked to language and attention. In addition, regression liner analysis illustrated depression, anxiety, and apathy were related to learning and episodic memory. Generally, the delusion, hallucination, and AMB have the broadest impact on cognition.ConclusionSpecific NPS was predominantly associated with different cognitive domains. Symptoms of agitation, delusion and irritability indicate worse cognitive performance. Therefore, cognitive improvement should be a therapeutic strategy in managing NPS in AD.
Designing Regulation Across Organizations: Assessing the Functions and Dimensions of Governance
Authors: Camacho Alejandro E. , Glicksman Robert L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn recent years, regulation scholars and policymakers have increasingly turned their attention to the role of inter‐governmental organizational design in effective governance. The existing literature on regulatory design has provided important insights into the advantages and disadvantages of alternative structural options. This article synthesizes and builds on that literature by describing a novel framework for characterizing, analyzing, and structuring authority across public institutions. Drawing on examples from a range of jurisdictions, it highlights the value of this framework in identifying the values tradeoffs that should drive policymakers' decisions to choose among competing structural alternatives. The framework is founded on two important points. First, inter‐governmental allocations of authority can be structured along three different dimensions. Failing to appreciate the existence of, and differences among, these dimensions can prompt misassessments of the reasons for existing regulatory failures and selection of structural allocations that do not suit the problems intended to be addressed. Second, allocations of authority can, and in many cases should, vary for disparate governmental functions. Differential functional allocations of authority can minimize obstacles to needed structural reforms and tailor inter‐governmental relations in ways that best promote chosen regulatory values, such as efficiency, effectiveness, and accountability, as well as how allocational choices may and perhaps should vary depending on the governmental function being performed. Finally, the article suggests how future regulation and governance scholarship can harness this emerging framework to help build a body of empirical evidence upon which policymakers can draw in future regulatory design endeavors.
Liminal Belonging in El Nuevo South: The Geographies of Inclusion and Exclusion for Hispanic Young Adults within Northwest Arkansas*
Authors: Escobar Maria Andrea 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBased on interviews with thirty‐five Hispanic young adults in northwest Arkansas, this research investigates experiences of social and emplaced community belonging as contradictory, liminal, and influenced by racial, locational, and legal factors. Through this analysis, I articulate and develop the concept of “liminal belonging” to capture Hispanic young adults' geographically contingent and unsteady or fluctuating sense of belonging that is shaped by oscillating experiences of exclusion and inclusion. This study contributes to social science research on immigration, race/ethnicity, place, and rurality/urbanity by revealing how race, place, legal status, belonging, and symbols of safe and unsafe places are intimately intertwined within the daily experiences of 1.5 and second‐generation Hispanic young adults.
Interleukin‐18 and tumor necrosis factor‐α are elevated in solid organ transplant recipients with possible cytomegalovirus end‐organ disease
Authors: Karaba Andrew H. , Figueroa Alexis , Werbel William A. , Dioverti Maria Veronica , Steinke Seema Mehta , Ray Stuart C. , Cox Andrea L. , Avery Robin K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEnd‐organ cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease can be life threatening to solid organ transplant recipients. Diagnosis is often complicated by variation in amount of CMV DNA in plasma and the need for an invasive procedure to obtain a biopsy of the suspected affected organ, which can delay recognition and treatment. Several inflammatory cytokines are elevated in CMV disease, and the purpose of this study was to determine if they could be used to distinguish solid organ transplant recipients with CMV DNAemia alone from those with possible end‐organ CMV disease. We found that regardless of pre‐transplant CMV serostatus, plasma interleukin (IL)‐18, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and amount of CMV DNA in plasma were increased in possible end‐organ CMV disease, with elevated IL‐18 associated with increased odds of possible end‐organ CMV disease even after adjusting for amount of CMV DNA. These findings highlight IL‐18 and TNF‐α as potential non‐invasive markers of possible end‐organ CMV disease regardless of transplanted organ or serostatus in solid organ transplant recipients.
Reliability of the hyperaemic response to passive leg movement in young, healthy women
Authors: Lew Lindsay A. , Liu Kaitlyn R. , Pyke Kyra E. 
Published: July 2021

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
This is the first study to assess the day‐to‐day reliability of passive leg movement‐induced hyperaemia (PLM‐H), an index of lower‐limb microvascular function, in young, healthy women.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Passive leg movement‐induced hyperaemia demonstrated good day‐to‐day reliability, comparable to other common indices of endothelial function, supporting the use of PLM‐H to assess lower‐limb microvascular function in women.

AbstractPassive leg movement‐elicited hyperaemia (PLM‐H) provides an index of lower‐limb microvascular function. However, there is currently limited information regarding the reliability of PLM‐H and no reliability information specific to women. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of PLM‐H in women on two separate days. Seventeen young, healthy women [22 ± 3 years old (mean ± SD)] participated in two identical visits including three trials of PLM. Using duplex ultrasound, PLM‐H was characterized by six indices: peak leg blood flow (LBF) and vascular conductance (LVC), peak change above baseline (Δpeak) for LBF and LVC, and area under the curve above baseline (AUC) during the first 60 s of PLM for LBF and LVC. The results demonstrated good day‐to‐day reliability of PLM‐H characterized as peak LBF [r = 0.84, P < 0.001; intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.84; coefficient of variation (CV) = 13.2%], peak LVC (r = 0.82, P < 0.001; ICC = 0.79; CV = 14.4%), Δpeak LBF (r = 0.83, P < 0.001; ICC = 0.82; CV = 17.8%) and Δpeak LVC (r = 0.83, P < 0.001; ICC = 0.80; CV = 16.5%). Characterization of PLM as AUC demonstrated moderate day‐to‐day reliability: AUC LBF (r = 0.71, P < 0.05; ICC = 0.70; CV = 31.2%) and AUC LVC (r = 0.78, P < 0.001; ICC = 0.74; CV = 27.1%). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that PLM‐H has good reliability as an index of microvascular function; however, characterization of PLM‐H as peak, Δpeak LBF and LVC is more reliable than AUC.