bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A FATAL CASE OF DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER IN AN AMERICAN CHILD
Authors: Russell Philip K. , Chumdermpadetsuk Saowani , Piyaratn Prapont 
Published: December 2021

DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER has occurred in yearly epidemics in Thailand since 1958. During the past 8 years, approximately 18,000 Thai children in Bangkok alone have been hospitalized; there have been over 1,000 deaths. Approximately 30% of the hospitalized hemorrhagic fever patients have a severe form of the disease, termed the dengue shock syndrome, which is manifested by hypoproteinemia, hemoconcentration, shock, hepatomegaly, and a bleeding tendency. In spite of the high incidence of this disease in the indigenous Thai and Chinese population, dengue hemorrhagic fever has not been observed in Caucasians of European descent, even though over 200 dengue virus infections have been serologically confirmed in Americans and Europeans living in Bangkok during the past 4 years. These persons, however, had mild undifferentiated febrile illnesses or classical dengue fever, and none of the studied patients exhibited the manifestations of hemorrhagic fever.
The apparent lack of susceptibility of Americans or Europeans to dengue shock syndrome suggested theories that genetic or nutritional differences were responsible for the apparent difference in susceptibility. However, no substantial evidence has been presented to support these theories, and recent correlations of clinical, epidemiologic, and serologic observations indicate that the severe form of dengue hemorrhagic fever occurs in persons previously infected by dengue virus.
The serologic observations reported on patients with dengue shock syndrome in Singapore also are indicative of previous dengue infections and tend to confirm the observations made in Bangkok.
A third theory of the pathogensis of dengue hemorrhagic fever is that dengue virus strains of unusual virulence are the causative agents of the severe manifestations.
Intensive Transfusion Therapy in Thalassemia Major
Authors: BEARD MICHAEL E. J. , NECHELES THOMAS F. , ALLEN DONALD M. 
Published: December 2021

A hemoglobin level of over 10 gm per 100 ml has been maintained by transfusion in six children with thalassemia major. Chelating agents have been used to minimize the increase in iron loading. Striking clinical improvement with regression of abnormal cardiac symptoms and signs was seen in all these patients. It is concluded that, in thalassemia major, this therapy provides at least short-term clinical benefits to severely affected children.
The rationale for long-term, intensive transfusion therapy is based on the assumption that it is the degree of anemia rather than the degree of iron loading which leads to the eventual cardiac failure and death in these patients. Proof of this hypothesis will depend to some extent on the subsequent clinical course of these children.
Prevention and Treatment of Mental Retardation
Authors: CROCKER ALLEN 
Published: December 2021

This book presents a splendid, warm, positive, and far-ranging discussion of the problems of the mental retardate and his world. Particularly notable is the inclusion (in a basically medically-oriented text) of much valuable non-medical material—such as detailed treatment of the sociological, community planning, and legal aspects of the field, plus an unusually sympathetic and analytic discussion of the psychologic aspects of mental retardation.
The volume suffers from excessive editorial tolerance, by allowing a disturbingly leisurely and repetitive style from its many contributors.
CLINICAL APPLICATION OF THE AUDITORY AVERAGED EVOKED RESPONSE AT SLEEP ONSET IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF DEAFNESS
Authors: Ritvo Edward R. , Ornitz Edward M. , Walter Richard D. 
Published: December 2021

A consistent and well defined high amplitude auditory averaged evoked response (AER) was found at sleep onset in all of 31 children (ages 2 to 12 years) and in 6 out of 7 babies (ages 7 to 15 months) without clinical evidence of deafness. Thirteen of the 31 children were diagnosed as having the syndrome of early infantile autism and could not be reliably tested while awake.
Three emotionally disturbed children in whom deafness had been suspected but not definitely established showed no auditory AER at sleep onset. This finding supported the diagnosis of a severe hearing loss.
There is a consistent enhancement of the auditory AER at sleep onset. Thus, measuring the AER during this stage of consciousness is suggested as a method of establishing the diagnosis of profound hearing loss in young, uncooperative, or emotionally disturbed children. Such a procedure will minimize the occurrence of false negative results.
LUNG FUNCTION AND PATHOLOGY IN A PREMATURE INFANT WITH CHRONIC PULMONARY INSUFFICIENCY (WILSON-MIKITY SYNDROME)
Authors: Aherne W. A. , Cross K. W. , Hey E. N. , Lewis Sheila R. 
Published: December 2021

Detailed lung function studies at the age of 8 months and 1 year are reported for an infant who weighed 992 gm at birth and who developed chronic progressive pulmonary insufficiency 2 weeks after birth. The symptoms and signs were similar to those described by Wilson and Mikity in 1960. A confirmatory lung biopsy was obtained when the child was 11 months old.
Dynamic lung "compliance" was very significantly reduced while a static estimate of lung compliance was within normal limits. These and other lung function findings are interpreted as indicating that uneven alveolar ventilation was the probable functional basis for all the signs and symptoms observed.
Neonatal Hypertension Associated with Renal Artery Hypoplasia
Authors: Angella J. J. , Sommer L. S. , Poole C. , Focel B. J. 
Published: December 2021

A newborn infant was presented with severe hypertension, associated with congenital hypoplasia
See Images in the PDF file
of the abdominal aorta and bilateral renal hypoplasia.
REASSURANCE REGARDING INFECTIOUS LYMPHOCYTOSIS
Authors: Clement David H. 
Published: December 2021

Lymphocytosis has long been associated with several disease entities. In children, Pertusis, infectious mononucleosis, and leukemia are examples. More recently, certain adenovirus infections have been implicated. In view of the normal preponderance of lymphocytes over granulocytes during the first few years of life, lymphocytosis in young children must be interpreted with caution.
Over 25 years ago, Carl H. Smith1 described a syndrome which he called acute infectious lymphocytosis. The majority these patients have been without signs or symptoms of illness, an important feature of the disorder. Institutional outbreaks have supported the infectious nature of the disorder. Leukocytosis has been extreme, occasionally in excess of 100,000 white cells per milliliter.
Definition of Mortality
Authors: Thomas John M. 
Published: December 2021

I was quite disappointed to see, in Dr. Myron Wegman's "Annual Summary of Vital Statistics" (Pediatrics, page 1035, December 1967) that he and the editorial board of Pediatrics accept the international comparison of infant mortality as valid.
When the various reporting countries use different definitions of terms and varying methods of collecting statistics, the comparisons have little meaning.
The National Center for Health Statistics states in their 1967 report, ‘The methods of registering vital events vary among countries included in this study.
PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY AND ALDOSTERONE SECRETION IN CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA
Authors: Godard Claude , Riondel Anne M. , Veyrat Robert , Mégevand Albert , Muller Alex F. 
Published: December 2021

Experiments were undertaken to study simultaneously plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone secretion (Aldo-SR) in seven patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), aged 5 months to 12 years, and four normal subjects. Control values of renin on a liberal salt intake in 28 children were 19 ± 16 ng/l/minute, which is considerably higher than in adults (9 ± 7.6 ng/l/minute).
Of the seven patients, four had PRA levels between 26 and 39 ng/l/minute. The other three had levels of 115, 249, and 1,250 ng/l/minute on a liberal salt intake. Aldo-SR was between 131 and 264 µg/24 hours in four subjects and was low in two (12 and 37 µg/24 hours).
Salt restriction increased PRA 3.5 to five times in four patients, compared with two times in four normal subjects. Despite the high renin values, Aldo-SR increased at the utmost threefold, compared with a four- to eightfold increase in the normal children. That discrepancy between PRA and Aldo-SR points to a defect in aldosterone synthesis in all forms of CAH.
PRA and Aldo-SR were both lowered by steroid therapy.
HYPOPITUITARISM AND DIABETES MELLITUS: EFFECT OF HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE
Authors: Kogut Maurice D. , Donnell George N. , Ling Shun M. , Frasier S. Douglas 
Published: December 2021

Although hypoglycemia and insulin sensitivity are characteristic of hypopituitarism, the association of hypoglycemia, diabetes mellitus, and pituitary insufficiency has not been previously described in a child. Studies in a 44-month-old male with these features and observations following human growth hormone administration are reported.
The patient weighed 7 lb, 9 oz at birth and was 20 in. long, but he did not grow or gain weight as expected. There was a strong family history of diabetes mellitus. At age 17 months hypoglycemic seizures occured (blood glucose &lt; 5 mg/100 ml). An oral glucose tolerance test was abnormal. Subsequently, hyperglycemia and glycosuria, but not ketonuria, occured. Serum immunoreactive insulin following intravenous tolbutamide rose, suggesting endogenous insulin production. The treatment of diabetes mellitus with insulin was extremely difficult because of marked sensitivity, suggesting an additional cause for altered glucose homeostasis. Endocrine studies (PBI, I131 uptake before and after TSH, 24-hour urines for 17-ketosteroids and 17-ketogenic steroids following metopirone and ACTH, and immunoassays of serum growth hormone following intravenous administration of insulin and L-arginine) indicated lack of normal activity of thyrotropin, ACTH, and growth hormone. Human growth hormone, 1.0 mg. daily, resulted in a growth of 5½ in. and a weight gain of 11 lb in 8 months. There were no further episodes of hypoglycemia which facilitated control of the diabetes with insulin. These observations have demonstrated the importance of HGH in glucose homeostasis and that HGH is not necessary for the development of diabetes mellitus.
Reported Neurologic Disorders Following Live Measles Vaccine
Authors: Nader Philip R. , Warren Robert J. 
Published: December 2021

In the 26 months from January 1965 through February 1967, 23 instances of neurologic disorder following measles vaccination were reported to the National Communicable Disease Center. Analysis of data for individual cases reveals that one was probably caused by herpes simplex and three (possibly four) patients had no serologic response to vaccination. In no case was it possible to determine whether the illness was actually vaccine induced or whether the temporal association with vaccine inoculation was merely coincidental.
That 23 known cases of encephalitis have been reported indicates the need for active surveillance of all suspect cases. However, it is obvious that the risk of encephalitis is much greater after the natural disease than after vaccination.
A CASE OF HISTIDINEMIA CONTROLLED WITH A LOW HISTIDINE DIET
Authors: Corner Beryl D. , Holton J. B. , Norman R. M. , Williams P. M. 
Published: December 2021

An attempt to treat a case of histidinemia using a low histidine protein hydrolysate is described. The diet was started at the age of 7 months in a male infant with severe clinical disorder. The diagnosis was made at 24 weeks, which is the youngest recorded case.
Good control of histidine metabolism was achieved. There was an initial improvement in growth rate but very little effect on development otherwise. Death from bronchopneumonia occurred in the fourth year.
The brain showed cerebral maldevelopment, likely to be of prenatal origin, as well as typical postepileptic encephalopathy. The etiology of this malformation is discussed in relation to histidinemia and the family history of neurologic disorder.
ON MERRIMENT FOR CHILDREN IN THE VICTORIAN HOME OF 1865
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Most of us would assume that the home, especially in the first half of the Victorian era, was a far sterner place for children than it is nowadays This was the age when father's orders were observed without question, stemming I believe from the general acceptance that if the Crown was the fount of honor, so the home had father as its head and his word was law. Yet, dourness was not an all-pervasive part of family life as is evident in this sentimental discussion of merriment in the home which appeared in 1865 in one of the most widely read Victorian books on the domestic management of infants and children.1
A little innocent fun, amusement, and buoyancy of spirits at home, instead of being repressed, should rather be encouraged by every legitimate means. Young people must have mirth and relaxation sometimes, and somewhere; and where more appropriately and profitably can this be sought, than in the happy social circle, of their own domestic hearth? Let the evening fire bum brightly therefore, and the home of childhood and youth be rendered cheerful and attractive, with all the little arts a parent should best understand. The comfort and pure delight of haff an hour so spent, will be more conducive than almost anything else, to blot out the rememberance of those hours and days of petty annoyances and childish griefs, too common to us all; and these "evenings at home" with the other happy unseen, unspoken, unwritten reminiscences of the little sanctum, will be the best safeguard children can take with them into the strifes and struggles, the fluctuations of the cold, unsympathizing outer world, in which ere very long, they will have to take their places, and discover the niche which they are qualified to fill.
THE PEDIATRICIAN AND THE JUNIOR COLLEGE
Authors: Skaggs K. G. 
Published: December 2021

The staff of the American Association of Junior Colleges has recently completed a definitive study of current trends, developments, issues, and concerns in the junior colleges.1 A short summary of some of the findings and recommendations of this study is pertinent to the planning and implementation of training programs for all allied health workers. It has particular pertinence to pediatricians who, more than any other group of medical practitioners, are faced with pressures to provide health care for more and more children.
If we accept, and most of us do, the premise that the nation faces an acute shortage of personnel in the service and supportive fields of health and medical care, then careful attention should be given to making the most effective use of the nation's 2-year colleges to educate many who will go into the health and medical services. The capacity for absorbing larger and larger enrollments is apparently one of the most striking features of the 2-year college of higher education. In addition to this apparently infinite capacity, the junior college is also responsive to the needs of a heterogeneous student body and provides a comprehensive program designed to meet varying needs and all ages of students, as well as a uniquely qualified staff that differs in its preparation and interest from the traditional academic staffs so long recognized as a part of the academic community. Individual junior colleges apparently have widely differing objectives, goals, organizational patterns, and procedural methods. Another characteristic is an absence of preconceived notions of what is or is not collegiate subject matter, or what is or is not college material.
THE IMPORTANCE OF VENTILATION ALONE IN A LYING-IN HOSPITAL AS A MEANS OF LOWERING NEONATAL MORTALITY
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Before the era of Pasteur, physicians attributed far greater importance to the therapeutic value of climate and ventilation as a means of lowering infant mortality than we do today. The following quotation is typical of many written during the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries:
The following statement, taken from the history of the Dublin Hospital, shows in an extraordinary degree the advantages resulting from free ventilation. In this hospital, 2944 infants out of 7650 died in the years 1782-83-84 and 1785, within the first fortnight after their birth–that is to say, nearly one child out of every six died of convulsions, which were called nine days' convulsions by the nurses. These children foamed at the mouth, the jaws became locked, the face swelled, and looked blue as though they were choking. [These infants probably had tetanus neonatorum–editor's note.] This last circumstance led the physician in attendance to attribute the disease and great mortality to the close and crowded state of the hospital, causing a deficiency of good air so that, since ventilation has been properly effected, out of 4243 children there died 165; whereas the average number of deaths from the same number previously to ventilation was 1632!1
Vitamin D and Infantile Hypercalcemia
Authors: Forbes Gilbert B. , Cafarelli Cenie , Manning James 
Published: December 2021

The etiology of the severe form of this syndrome ( which includes supravalvular aortic stenosis, peculiar facies, and mental retardation) is still a matter of debate. Particularly vexing is the possible relationship to vitamin D. Massive amounts (of the order of 104 units per kilogram daily) given to pregnant or young animals have led to aortic lesions,1,2 and it is postulated (that the human syndrome may represent a form of hypersensitivity to the vitamin. On the other hand, Fraser, et al.3 and Antia, et al.4 are of the opinion that the evidence
See Table in PDF file
does not warrant such an implication. A recent experience of ours supports the latter view.
Hyaline Membrane Disease in Twins
Authors: Rokos Jan , Vaeusorn Oonjai , Nachman Richard , Avery Mary Ellen 
Published: December 2021

In analyzing the evidence for the role of prematurity and the significance of added stress in the pathogenesis of hyaline membrane disease, it seems pertinent to examine the occurrence of the disease in twins. Were prematurity alone the determinant of the likelihood of developing the disease, one would expect the disease to occur in both twins. If perinatal stress were a significant factor in the pathogenesis of the disease, then Twin B should have it more commonly than Twin A.
A greater incidence in Twin B has been cited by several investigators in reviews of their experience with the disease. Crosse
See Table in the PDF file.
found hyaline membranes in 8.4% of liveborn autopsied twins delivered first, and in 15.1% of the second born.1
ARTERIAL BLOOD GAS AND ACID-BASE DISORDERS IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN WITH STATUS ASTHMATICUS
Authors: Downes John J. , Wood David W. , Striker Theodore W. , Pittman Joffie C. 
Published: December 2021

The course of arterial oxygen tension (Pao2), pH, carbon dioxide tension (Paco2) and base deficit (negative base excess) was studied in 45 episodes of status asthmaticus occurring in 32 infants and children. The data indicate that arterial hypoxemia occurs in these patients due to alveolar hypoventilation and pulmonary arterial-venous shunts. Three fourths of the patients tested demonstrated a base deficit which was related in part to ketonemia. The Paco2 varied from below normal to 168 mm Hg, and arterial pH varied from 6.89 to 7.41 at the time of peak clinical severity.
Clinical signs of respiratory failure associated with a Paco2 above 65 mm Hg occurred in 13 patients (18 episodes), all of whom were successfully managed by mechanical ventilation. These studies indicate the variability in alveolar ventilation and acid-base balance during an asthmatic episode and the need for repeated assessment of arterial pH and blood gases if one is to provide optimal management.
IS TEETHING A FERTILE SOURCE OF DISEASE?
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Prior to a few decades ago, most physicians who cared for infants looked on teething as the cause of many serious pediatric complaints. For example, Harrison in 18621 offers this advice to a young practitioner:
But it is especially in reference to affections of the head that the condition of the gums becomes a source of solicitude. During dentition any twitchings in the face, or curious starings of the eyes, are full of meaning, and should never be suffered to pass over without due attention to the teeth. I think all well educated medical men, in this country, are advocates for lancing the gums, though I believe it is very seldom done on the Continent. Mothers, however, not unfrequently object; they think it a pity to hurt the little darling, and they would rather wait awhile and leave matters to nature. Some have an idea that the teeth will be more difficult to cut after the gums are lanced, if the teeth do not immediately protrude.
Kennedy, another respected nineteenth century practitioner, who wrote extensively about the management of children in health and disease tells us that:
Teething, when difficult, is apt to induce derangement of the vital functions, especially those of the alimentary and nervous systems. Acidity of the stomach with occasional vomiting; quick pulses, hot dry skin, and unnatural dejections, with swelling of the belly and emaciation, require being corrected by the remedies advised for moderating or removing the fevers of infants. . . . Little reasons is afforded by experience, for regarding local applications to the gums as having ever contributed to the relief of painful dentition:-pure air, frequent change of dress, tepid or cool sponging of the body and spine, with regularity of the bowels and salutary nourishment prove far surer instruments of obtaining a favourable result.
EFFECT OF AN ORAL OSMOTIC AGENT ON VENTRICULAR FLUID PRESSURE OF HYDROCEPHALIC CHILDREN
Authors: Hayden Patricia W. , Foltz Eldon L. , Shurtleff David B. 
Published: December 2021

A typographical error appeared in the footnote for isosorbide in the May issue of Pediatrics (41:955, 1968). The footnote should have been:
1,4:3,6 Dianhydro D-glucitol, supplied as Hydronol by Atlas Chemical Industries, Wilmington, Delaware.
Scalding Water
Authors: Scanlon John 
Published: December 2021

As a resident in pediatrics at a large teaching hospital I have had the unfortunate opportunity to help care for five children in the past 11 months who have sustained second and third degree body burns due to scalding water taken directly from the hot water tap. These burns ranged from 15% to 60% of total body surface and occasioned horrifying morbidity.
Four of the burns were entirely accidental in that the child inadvertently came in contact with the hot tap water either being used for bathing (three cases) or for floor cleaning (one case).
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Stickler Gunnar B. 
Published: December 2021

We agree with the comments by Dr. Jacobs reminding us of the shortcomings of our study. Indeed, there was a difference in the time periods in which these two groups of patients were observed, with an overlap of 4 years. While this time difference may be a factor that influences survival, this is doubtful in view of the fact that no other change in treatment has occurred.
Indeed, Dr. Jacobs and our group may differ in the definition of renal disease, but I agree that we would not consider grade 1 proteinuria and 2 to 4 red blood cells in a casual urine sample as evidence of renal disease.