bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-intensity interval training with or without chlorella vulgaris supplementation in obese and overweight women: effects on mitochondrial biogenesis, performance and body composition
Authors: Sanayei Mahzad , Hajizadeh-Sharafabad Fatemeh , Amirsasan Ramin , Barzegar Ali 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe beneficial effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and chlorella vulgaris (CV) on body composition and mitochondrial biogenesis have been shown in some mechanistic studies. This study aimed to determine the effects of CV and/or HIIT on mitochondrial biogenesis, performance and body composition among overweight/obese women. There was a significant reduction in the fat mass (FM) of the CV + HIIT group, as compared with the placebo group (P = 0·005). A marginal significant increase in body water (P = 0·050) and PPAR-γ coactivator-1α (P = 0·050) was also found only in the CV + HIIT group, as compared with the placebo. Relative (P < 0·001) and absolute (P < 0·001) VO2max, as well as Bruce MET (P < 0·001), were significantly increased in the HIIT and HIIT + CV groups. Besides, the synergistic effect of CV and HIIT on the Bruce MET increment was found (interaction P-value = 0·029). No significant changes were observed in BMI, fat-free mass, visceral fat, silent information regulator 1 and fibroblast growth factor-21. In this randomised clinical trial, forty-six overweight/obese women were assigned to four groups including CV + HIIT and HIIT + placebo groups that received three capsules of CV (300 mg capsules, three times a day) or corn starch, in combination with three sessions/week of HIIT. CV and placebo groups only received 900 mg of CV or corn starch, daily, for 8 weeks. Biochemical assessments, performance assessment and body composition were obtained at the beginning and end of the intervention. HIIT may be, therefore, effective in improving mitochondrial biogenesis, performance and body composition in overweight/obese women.
Eyes on the Prize: Do Industry Tournament Incentives Shape the Structure of Executive Compensation?
Authors: Islam Emdad , Rahman Lubna , Sen Rik , Zein Jason 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe investigate whether external industry tournament incentives influence the design of executive-compensation contracts. Using staggered negative mobility shocks as exogenous disruptions to tournament incentives, we show that firms treated by these shocks act to restore their executives’ diminished implicit risk-taking incentives by increasing compensation vega. On average, post-shock compensation vegas increase by approximately 10%. These effects are considerably larger for treated executives with strong tournament incentives and high ex ante mobility. Mobility shocks have no impact on compensation delta or total pay. Our results shed light on how explicit risk-taking incentives are optimized with respect to executive career concerns.
Bilingual advantage in L3 vocabulary acquisition: evidence of a generalized learning benefit among classroom-immersion children
Authors: Salomé Florian , Casalis Séverine , Commissaire Eva 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe present study explored whether emergent bilingual children showed enhanced abilities to learn L3 vocabulary including written, spoken and conceptual forms compared to monolinguals, and the impact of L2/L3 cross-language similarities on such an effect. To this end, we contrasted the English word learning performance of French fifth-graders attending either a monolingual school program or a classroom-immersion program with German as an L2. Half of the items to be learned were German/English (L2/L3) cognate words while the other half were monolingual English (L3) words. Learning was assessed with a forced-choice recognition task, a go/no-go auditive recognition task and an orthographic judgment task. Results yielded a generalized bilingual advantage, with classroom-immersion children outperforming monolinguals on all tasks, irrespective of cognateness, except for the orthographic task. These findings advocate for a bilingual advantage in children that is globally not driven by the specific language properties of cognates, except for the written modality.
Narrative Media’s Emphasis on Distinct Moral Intuitions Alters Early Adolescents’ Judgments
Authors: Hahn Lindsay , Tamborini Ron , Prabhu Sujay , Grall Clare , Novotny Eric , Klebig Brian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Logic from the model of intuitive morality and exemplars (MIME) suggests that narrative media emphasizing moral intuitions can increase the salience of those intuitions in audiences. To date, support for this logic has been limited to adults. Across two studies, the present research tested MIME predictions in early adolescents (ages 10–14). The salience of care, fairness, loyalty, and authority intuitions was manipulated in a pilot study with verbal prompts ( N = 87) and in the main study with a comic book ( N = 107). In both studies, intuition salience was measured after induction. The pilot study demonstrated that exposure to verbal prompts emphasizing care, fairness, and loyalty increased the salience of their respective intuitions. The main study showed that exposure to comic books emphasizing all four separate intuitions increased salience of their respective intuitions in early adolescents. Results are discussed in terms of relevance for the MIME and understanding narrative media’s influence on children’s moral judgments.
An EISCAT UHF/ESR Experiment That Explains How Ionospheric Irregularities Induce GPS Phase Fluctuations at Auroral and Polar Latitudes
Authors: John H. M. , Forte B. , Astin I. , Allbrook T. , Arnold A. , Vani B. C. , Häggström I. , Sato H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA limitation to the use of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) for precise and real‐time services is introduced by irregularities in the ionospheric plasma density. An EISCAT UHF/ESR experiment was conducted to characterize the effect of electron density irregularities on temporal fluctuations in TEC along directions transverse to GPS ray paths in the high latitudes ionosphere. Two representative case studies are described: Enhancements in temporal TEC fluctuations originating (a) in the auroral ionosphere following auroral particle precipitation and (b) in the polar ionosphere following the drift of a polar patch as well as particle precipitation. The results indicate that the origin of enhancements in TEC fluctuations is due to the propagation through large‐to‐medium scale irregularities (i.e., ranging from few kilometres in the E region to few tens of kilometres in the F region) and occurring over spatial distances of up to approximately in the E region and up to approximately in the F region with a patchy distribution. Furthermore, the results indicate that enhancements in TEC fluctuations produced by polar plasma patches and particle precipitation occur over similar temporal scales, thus explaining the overall observation of higher phase scintillation indices in the high‐latitude ionosphere. The similarity in the temporal scales over which enhancements in TEC fluctuations occur in the presence of both particle precipitation and plasma patches suggests an intrinsic limitation in the monitoring and tracking of plasma patches through ground GNSS observations.
Probabilistic Evaluation of Geoscientific Hypotheses With Geophysical Data: Application to Electrical Resistivity Imaging of a Fractured Bedrock Zone
Authors: Miltenberger Alex , Uhlemann Sebastian , Mukerji Tapan , Williams Ken , Dafflon Baptiste , Wang Lijing , Wainwright Haruko 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs climate changes and populations grow, groundwater sustainability is becoming increasingly important. Hydrogeologic models, which are based on a conceptual understanding of the subsurface, are crucial tools for informing decisions. Conceptual models of the subsurface incorporate knowledge of geological processes, and, frequently, observations from geophysical data into a common subsurface parameterization where the parameters may still be uncertain. Many methods exist to test how different conceptual subsurface parameterizations compare to geophysical data, but a frequent problem in hydrogeologic model development occurs when multiple geological phenomena could explain a single subsurface parameterization. In this work, we present a framework for testing geological hypotheses in conditions where a geological feature is observed in geophysical data, but its physical characteristics are uncertain. The framework uses Popper‐Bayes methods developed in previous studies, and is applied to study a fractured bedrock zone in a mountainous watershed in southwest Colorado. First, we propose six hypotheses based on the geological history of the watershed. Then, using the proposed Popper‐Bayes approach, we demonstrate that two of the hypotheses are inconsistent with the electrical resistivity tomography data. Finally, we discuss the importance of the prior model, and in what other scenarios the framework can be applied to.
Random‐Objective Waveform Inversion of 3D‐9C Shallow‐Seismic Field Data
Authors: Pan Yudi , Gao Lingli , Bohlen Thomas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRobustness and uncertainty estimation are two challenging topics in full‐waveform inversion (FWI). To overcome these challenges, we present the methodology of random‐objective waveform inversion (ROWI), which adopts a multi‐objective framework and a preconditioned stochastic gradient descent optimization algorithm. The use of one shot per iteration avoids using redundant data and reduces the computational cost. The Pareto solutions represent a group of most likely solutions and their differences quantifies the model uncertainty associated with the trade‐off between conflicting objective functions. Due to the high dimensionality in the data and model spaces, it is prohibitively expensive to check the Pareto optimality of all solutions explicitly. Thus, we decompose the original multi‐objective function into shot‐related subproblems and use the Pareto solutions of the subproblems for trade‐off analysis. We apply ROWI to a field multi‐component shallow‐seismic data set acquired in Rheinstetten, Germany. The 3D near‐surface model is successfully reconstructed by ROWI and the main target, a refilled trench, is delineated. We compare the results estimated by ROWI and a conventional least squares FWI to prove the high efficiency of ROWI. We run six ROWI tests on the field data with different solution paths to prove the robustness of ROWI against the random solution path. The validity of the reconstructed model is verified by multiple 2D ground‐penetrating radar profiles. We estimate 246 Pareto solutions of multi‐objective subproblems for trade‐off analysis. Another four ROWI tests starting from different poor initial models are performed, whose results prove the relatively high robustness of ROWI against the initial model.
Asymmetry in Earthquake Interevent Time Intervals
Authors: Zhang Yongwen , Ashkenazy Yosef , Havlin Shlomo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHere we focus on a basic statistical measure of earthquake catalogs that has not been studied before, the asymmetry of interevent time series (e.g., reflecting the tendency to have more aftershocks than spontaneous earthquakes). We define the asymmetry metric as the ratio between the number of positive interevent time increments minus negative increments and the total (positive plus negative) number of increments. Such asymmetry commonly exists in time series data for nonlinear geophysical systems like river flow which decays slowly and increases rapidly. We find that earthquake interevent time series are significantly asymmetric, where the asymmetry function exhibits a significant crossover to weak asymmetry at large lag index. We suggest that the Omori law can be associated with the large asymmetry at short time intervals below the crossover whereas overlapping aftershock sequences and the spontaneous events can be associated with a fast decay of asymmetry above the crossover. We show that the asymmetry is better reproduced by a recently modified Epidemic‐Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS) model with two triggering processes in comparison to the standard ETAS model which only has one.
Changes in Under‐Ice Primary Production in the Chukchi Sea From 1988 to 2018
Authors: Payne C. M. , Bianucci L. , van Dijken G. L. , Arrigo K. R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractChanges in sea ice thickness and extent have corresponded with substantial changes in net primary production (NPP) in the Arctic Ocean. In recent years, observations of massive phytoplankton blooms under sea ice have upended the previous paradigm that Arctic NPP was driven largely by growth in the marginal ice zone and open water periods. Here, a new 1‐D biogeochemical model capable of simulating ice algal and phytoplankton dynamics both under the ice and in open waters is applied in the northern Chukchi Sea for the years 1988–2018. Over this period, substantial under‐ice (UI) blooms were produced in all but four years and were the primary drivers of interannual variation in total NPP. While NPP in the UI period was highly variable interannually due to fluctuations in ice thickness and the length of the UI period, UI NPP accounted for nearly half of total NPP between 1988 and 2018. Further, years with high UI NPP had reduced annual zooplankton grazing, indicating an intensification in the mismatch between phytoplankton and zooplankton populations and possibly altering the partitioning of food between benthic and pelagic ecosystems. These results demonstrate that the often‐overlooked ice covered period can be highly productive in the Arctic Ocean, and that the northern Chukchi Sea has been amenable to UIB formation since at least 1988.
Spatiotemporal Dynamics of CO2 Gas Exchange From Headwater Mountain Streams
Authors: Clow D. W. , Striegl R. G. , Dornblaser M. M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMountain streams play an important role in the global carbon cycle by transporting, metabolizing, and exchanging carbon they receive from the terrestrial environment. The rates at which these processes occur remain highly uncertain because of a paucity of observations and the difficulty of measuring gas exchange rates in steep, turbulent mountain streams. This uncertainty is compounded by large temporal and spatial variability in stream carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in mountain environments. In this study, we measured diel, seasonal, and annual variations in CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) in seven headwater streams and a groundwater spring in the Colorado Rocky Mountains to determine how CO2 exchange fluxes () vary with time, annual precipitation, and landscape characteristics. Our results show that temporal variability in pCO2 and in mountain streams is large and is strongly influenced by solar radiation, the accumulation and melting of seasonal snowpacks, and interannual variations in precipitation. Spatial variations in pCO2 and were related to landscape characteristics, with soil organic matter, wetlands, and likely groundwater discharge zones having a positive influence. Periglacial features, such as ice and rock glaciers, had a negative influence on stream pCO2 and . Estimated from streams in an alpine/subalpine region of Colorado was 3.4 kg C m−2 yr−1 normalized to stream surface area (95% CI: 2.1–5.0 kg C m−2 yr−1), consistent with recent work on CO2 exchange from mountain streams in the Swiss Alps. Our results highlight the importance of mountain streams as substantial contributors in the global carbon cycle.
Effect of education on functional network edge efficiency in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Kim Yeshin , Kim Sung-Woo , Seo Sang Won , Jang Hyemin , Kim Ko Woon , Cho Soo Hyun , Kim Si Eun , Kim Seung Joo , Lee Jin San , Kim Sung Tae , Na Duk L. , Seong Joon-Kyung , Kim Hee Jin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe investigated the effect of education on the edge efficiency in resting state functional networks (RSFNs) in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer’s disease dementia (ADD). We collected the data of 57 early aMCI, 141 late aMCI, 173 mild ADD, and 39 moderate-to-severe ADD patients. We used years of education as a proxy for cognitive reserve. We measured edge efficiency for each edge in RSFNs, and performed simple slope analyses to discover their associations with education level among the four groups. In the late aMCI, a sub-network that had hub nodes in the right middle frontal gyrus and the right posterior cingulate gyrus, showed a positive association between RSFN edge efficiency and education (threshold = 2.5,p = 0.0478). There was no negative effect of education on the RSFN edge efficiency. In the early aMCI, mild ADD, and moderate-to-severe ADD, there were no sub-networks showing positive or negative correlation between education and RSFN edge efficiency. There was a positive effect of higher education on RSFN edge efficiency in the late aMCI, but not in the early aMCI or ADD. This indicates that in late aMCI, those who have higher education level have greater ability to resist collapsed functional network.
Use patterns of cigarettes and alternative tobacco products and socioeconomic correlates in Hong Kong secondary school students
Authors: Wang Lijun , Chen Jianjiu , Leung Lok Tung , Ho Sai Yin , Lam Tai Hing , Wang Man Ping 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSmoking is a major cause of health inequities. However, sociodemographic differences in adolescent tobacco use are unclear. In a territory-wide school-based anonymous survey in 2018/19, we investigated tobacco use and sociodemographic correlates in 33,991 students (mean age 14.8 ± 1.9 years) in Hong Kong. Tobacco use prevalence and current-ever use ratios by sociodemographic factors were calculated. Generalised linear mixed models were used in association analyses. Current use was highest for cigarettes (3.2%), closely followed by alternative tobacco products (3.0%). Current-ever use ratios were highest for heated tobacco products (HTPs, 0.60), followed by nicotine e-cigarettes (0.52), waterpipe (0.51), and cigarettes (0.35). Use prevalence and current-ever use ratios of all products showed curvilinear relations with perceived family affluence (P values < 0.01), being highest in the richest families. Tobacco use was also associated with more senior grades, the lowest parental education, and boys, but current-ever use ratios of HTPs and waterpipe were higher in girls (P values < 0.05). The results suggested that adolescent ever users of nicotine-containing alternative tobacco products were more likely to keep using them than cigarettes, and the richest adolescents were at the highest risks of tobacco use. Diverse tobacco control measures are needed to improve health equity, especially on alternative tobacco products.
Adaptive attention-based human machine interface system for teleoperation of industrial vehicle
Authors: Chew Jouh Yeong , Kawamoto Mitsuru , Okuma Takashi , Yoshida Eiichi , Kato Norihiko 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study proposes a Human Machine Interface (HMI) system with adaptive visual stimuli to facilitate teleoperation of industrial vehicles such as forklifts. The proposed system estimates the context/work state during teleoperation and presents the optimal visual stimuli on the display of HMI. Such adaptability is supported by behavioral models which are developed from behavioral data of conventional/manned forklift operation. The proposed system consists of two models, i.e., gaze attention and work state transition models which are defined by gaze fixations and operation pattern of operators, respectively. In short, the proposed system estimates and shows the optimal visual stimuli on the display of HMI based on temporal operation pattern. The usability of teleoperation system is evaluated by comparing the perceived workload elicited by different types of HMI. The results suggest the adaptive attention-based HMI system outperforms the non-adaptive HMI, where the perceived workload is consistently lower as responded by different categories of forklift operators.
Incidence, mortality and survival in multiple myeloma compared to other hematopoietic neoplasms in Sweden up to year 2016
Authors: Hemminki Kari , Försti Asta , Hansson Markus 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSurvival in multiple myeloma (MM) has developed favorably over the past decades for reasons that have been ascribed to new medications and treatment. However, development of survival over a long period and comparison to other hematopoietic neoplasms (HN) is less well known. Here we used Swedish cancer data from the Nordcan database, spanning a 50-year period from 1967 to 2016, and analyzed 1- and 5-year survival data. As a novel type of analysis we calculate the difference in survival between year 1 and 5 which indicates how well survival was maintained in the 4-year period following year 1 after diagnosis. The relative 1- and 5- year survival increased constantly; the 5-year survival graph for women was almost linear. The difference between 1- and 5-year survival revealed that the 5-year survival gain was entirely due to the improvement in 1-year survival, except for the last period. Survival improvement in all HNs exceeded that in MM. The linear 5-year survival increase for female MM patients suggests a contribution by many small improvements in the first year care rather than single major events. The future challenges are to push the gains past year 1 and to extend them to old patients.
Correlation analysis of RDM1 gene with immune infiltration and clinical prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Qiu Chen , Li Zuyin , Cao Wanyue , Cai Xiaoni , Ye Li , Zhang Cheng , Ma Yuefeng , Wang Xiaoliang , Yang Yulong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) is one of the most common primary malignant liver tumors worldwide. The RAD52 motif-containing protein 1 (RDM1) has been shown to play a role in mediating DNA damage repair and homologous recombination. The present study was designed to determine the expression of RDM1 and its prognostic value as well as its relationship with immune infiltration in LIHC patients.
Methods: Oncomine and Tumor Immunoassay Resource were used to assess the expression of RDM1. PrognoScan and Kaplan–Meier bioinformatics database were used to analyze the impact of clinical influencing factors on prognosis. Finally, the Tumor Immune Assessment Resource (TIMER) and Gene Expression Analysis Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) databases were used to detect the correlation between the expression of RDM1 and expression of marker genes related to immune infiltration. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) method was used to detect the expression level of RDM1 in 90 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and adjacent normal liver tissues.
Results: RDM1 expression was up-regulated in most cancers. The expression of RDM1 was remarkably higher than that of the corresponding normal control genes in LIHC tissues. The increase in RDM1 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was closely related to the decreases in overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Additionally, the increase in RDM1 mRNA expression was closely related to the infiltration levels of macrophages, CD8+ T cells and B cells and was positively correlated with a variety of immune markers in LIHC.
Conclusion: The findings of the present study demonstrate that RDM1 is a potentially valuable prognostic biomarker that can help determine the progression of cancer and is associated with immune cell infiltration in LIHC.