bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Seasonal and Vegetational Variations in the Airborne Bacterial Concentration of the Urban Forest Park: A Case Study in Hunan, China
Authors: Liao Zhenni , Xu Huijuan , Ma Jiaojiao , Li Maojuan , He Caisheng , Zhang Qiongrui , Xu Songjun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
It is important to investigate bacterial air quality in urban forest parks because tree bacteriostasis practices are being increasingly advocated as measures to improve the air quality and public-health in urban green spaces around the world. The aim of the present study was to quantitatively investigate airborne bacterial concentration levels based on field measurements in every season in five selected forest communities and the uncovered space in an urban forest park, as well as the effects of several factors on the culturability of airborne bacteria. Results suggested that the airborne bacterial levels of all forest communities reached the clean air quality standard with regard to the airborne bacteria content, with the highest bacteria concentrations in the uncovered space (1658 ± 1298 CFU/m3), and the lowest in the mixed community (907 ± 567 CFU/m3). The temporal distribution analysis showed that the most airborne bacteria were concentrated in summer, as well as in the morning and afternoon. The bacteriostatic rates of the mixed community were significantly different with seasonal variation (p < 0.05). Spearman’s correlations revealed that the bacterial concentration was significantly positively correlated with the season, wind speed (WS), temperature (T), ultraviolet light (UV), negative air ion (NAI) and total suspended particles (TSP) (p＜0.05), but significantly negatively correlated with the forest community type (p < 0.05). WS, UV, NAI, TSP and PM2.5 showed significant effect on airborne bacterial concentration in a multiple linear regression model (p < 0.05). Overall, the selection of tree species plays a key role in shaping the forest structure and improving air quality, and the urban forest highlights key priorities for future efforts towards a cleaner, healthier, and more diverse regional forest environment.
Impact of an Educational Intervention on the Opioid Knowledge and Prescribing Behaviors of Resident Physicians
Authors: Acharya Pankti P. , Fram Brianna , Adalbert Jenna R. , Oza Ashima , Palvannan Prashanth , Nardone Evan , Caltabiano Nicole , Liao Jennifer , Ilyas Asif M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The opioid epidemic is a multifactorial issue, which includes pain mismanagement. A recent study has shown that residents have received little training for opioid related patient care. Therefore, resident physician education is essential in addressing this issue. We aimed to analyze the effects of an educational intervention on the knowledge and potential prescribing habits of emergency medicine, general surgery, and internal medicine residents.
Methods
Resident physicians were provided with educational materials and were given pre- and posttests to complete. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze pre- and posttest responses. Chi-squared analysis was used to identify changes between the pre and posttests. A p < 0.05 value was considered statistically significant.
Results
Following the educational intervention, we observed improvement in correct prescribing habits for acute migraine management among emergency medicine residents (from 14.8–38.5%). Among general surgery residents, there was significant improvement in adherence to narcotic amounts determined by recent studies for sleeve gastrectomy (p = 0.01) and laparoscopic cholecystectomy (p = 0.002). Additionally, we observed a decrease in the number of residents who would use opioids as a first line treatment for migraines, arthritic joint pain, and nephrolithiasis.
Conclusions
Resident physicians have an essential role in combating the opioid epidemic. There was significant improvement in various aspects of opioid related pain management among emergency medicine, internal medicine, and general surgery residents following the educational interventions. We recommend that medical school and residency programs consider including opioid related pain management in their curricula.
Smartphone Imaging Repository: A Novel, Cost-Effective Method For Creating a CT Image Bank
Authors: Dula Adrienne , Milling Truman J , Johnston S Claiborne , Aydelotte Jayson , Peil Gary , Robinson Alec , Asif Kaiz , Pan Stephen , Parekh Sohan , Warach Steven 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundImaging repositories are commonly attached to ongoing clinical trials for efficiency and cost savings, but capturing, transmitting and storing images can be cumbersome and increase costs. Typical methods include outdated technologies such as compact discs. Electronic file transfer is becoming more common, but even this requires hours of staff time on dedicated computers in the radiology department.MethodsWe describe and test an image capture method using smartphone camera video images of brain computed tomography (CT) scans of traumatic intracranial hemorrhage. The deidentified videos are emailed from the emergency department for central adjudication. We selected eight scans, mild moderate and severe subdural and multicompartmental hematomas and mild and moderate intraparenchymal hematomas. Eighty videos were made by 10 people on 7 different smartphones. We measured the time in seconds it took to capture and email the files. The primary outcomes were hematoma volume measured by ABC/2, Marshal Scale, midline shift measurement, image quality by contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and time to capture. A radiologist and an imaging scientist applied ABC/2 method, calculated the Marshall scale and midline shift on the video images and on the PACS in a randomized order. We calculate the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). We measured image quality by calculating contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). We report summary statistics on time to capture in the smartphone group without a comparator.ResultsICC for lesion volume, midline shift and Marshall score were 0.991 (95% CI 0.976, 0.998), 0.998 (95% CI: 0.996, 0.999) and 0.973 (0.931, 0.994) respectively. Lesion conspicuity was not different among the image types via assessment of CNR using the Friedman test, Bof 10.6, P=.061, with a small Kendall’s W effect size (0.264). Mean (standard deviation) time to capture and email the video was 60.1 (24.3) seconds.ConclusionsTypical smartphones may produce video image quality high enough for use in a clinical trial imaging repository. Video capture and transfer takes only seconds, and hematoma volumes, Marshal scales and image quality measured on the videos did not differ significantly from those calculated on the PACS.
Modeling of Trusted Public Emergency Services for Smart Cities Using Blockchain and IoT-based Cognitive Networks
Authors: Bhawana Bhawana , Kumar Sushil 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) recently gained attention from the last few years due to various smart city applications deployment. The existing literature discusses different public emergency service (PES) aspects from smart-healthcare to smart-home automation. However, less work explores for the smart-fire-brigade system. The PESs require high computation, timely service fulfillment, service transparency, and trust, which are difficult to achieve through a centralized system. In recent years, blockchain technology has gained enormous popularity for immutable data management that ensures transparency, reliability, and data integrity using distributed storage. This paper presents a blockchain based model for secure and trusted public emergency service in IoT-enabled smart cities (BMSTP) to handle the PES requests in real-time fairly. An edge compute server (ECS) is introduced to enhance data processing speed and local data storage. Simultaneously, a queuing theory model is used to process PES requests quickly. The ECS manages an access control list (ACL) for smart-home IoT devices to protect against the illegal placement of any new IoT devices near smart-home to misguiding public emergency service departments (PESDs). Further, a reputation model is designed for PESDs to scale their service quality. We explored the BMSTP for smart-homes placed under different sub-areas of a smart-city. The experiment results show the proposed system model is efficient in scheduling the smart-home PES requests to an appropriate PESD and minimizing the delay to reaching the smart-home location.
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-induced platelet activation: Mechanism for virus and vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia
Authors: Nguyen Huong , Chen Li-Yu , Khan Nida , Lindenbauer Annerose , Bui Van-Chien , Zipfel Peter , Heinrich Doris 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Covid-19 pandemic stimulated an extremely fast development of effective vaccines. Recent studies found platelet-activating antibodies against platelet factor 4 (PF4) in both clinically ill Covid-19 patients and vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) patients. Here, we use various tools to identify the binding reaction of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (SP) with PF4 that results in immunogenic platelet-activating PF4/SP complexes. This binding is evidenced by an increase in mass, optical intensity, and stable binding force observed by quartz crystal microbalance, enzyme immune assay, and force spectroscopy, respectively. The SP induced an increase in the size of PF4 and switched the surface zeta potential of the PF4 from positive to negative values as evaluated by dynamic light scattering. The SP-induced platelet aggregation was identified by functional assay and flow cytometry but in a concentration-dependent manner. Our results indicated that the formed PF4/SP complexes can, on one hand, trigger the formation of PF4-antibodies and on the other hand mediate/activate platelets followed by inducing thrombotic events, which is the mechanism for excessive procoagulant activity observed in Covid-19 patients. With vector-based vaccines, we suggest that soluble SP are produced during the transcription process, forming antigenic PF4/SP complexes that result in a high rate of clotting effects in vaccinated individuals with Ad26.COV2.S and ChAdOx1nCoV-19 vaccines. An additional consideration of PF4/SP complexes in the current guidelines for the diagnosis of VITT will improve the treatment in patients. Our results serve a high demand to develop an effective method to treat Covid-19 patients and improve the safety for Covid-19 vaccination.
Acute and Chronic Health Risk Assessment for Inhalation and Ingestion Exposure in Acrylic Acid Leak Accidents
Authors: Lim Hui-Been , Park Si-Hyun , Hong Hyong-Jin , Jeong Ji-Yun , Kim Hee-Seok , Lee Cheol Min 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We established a hypothetical acrylic acid leak accident scenario, conducted a health risk assessment of local residents, and compared an actual accident case and the hypothetical scenario. The exposed subjects were divided into four age groups, and a non-carcinogenic risk assessment was conducted for inhalation and soil ingestion. In the hypothetical scenario, 40 tons of acrylic acid were leaked in Ulsan for 1 h from 12:00 am on January 1, 2017, and in the actual accident case, 3 L of acrylic acid were leaked in Hwaseong, Gyeonggi Province, for 1 h from 11:00 am on March 5, 2020. The environmental concentration of acrylic acid was calculated using the dynamic multimedia environmental model. Non-carcinogenic assessment of the hypothetical scenario showed the hazard index exceeded 1 across all age groups, suggesting that a health risk is likely to occur due to inhalation exposure to acrylic acid resulting from a chemical accident. Hazardacute exceeded 1 until 2 h after the accident under the hypothetical scenario, indicating the likelihood of a health risk. Thus, we propose a methodology that can assess changing concentrations in a hazardous chemical leak from a chemical accident based on the time, place, the chemical’s behaviors in different environmental media, and the health risk posed by the exposure of the chemical to local residents in the area affected by the accident.
Could the Environmental Regulation Promote Green Innovation? Evidence From China
Authors: Zou Weiyong , Xiong Yunjun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Could the environmental regulation promote green innovation? This is a very controversial issue. In view of the fact that the existing literature only studies the relationship between the two, lacks effective heterogeneity research, and pays less attention to the deeper analysis mechanism between the two. This study fills the gap. This paper selects the panel data of 285 prefecture level cities in China from 2000 to 2019 for empirical research. The results show that environmental regulation has a significant and continuous positive impact on green innovation.From the perspective of heterogeneity, we find that cities with higher level of green innovation are suitable to improve the intensity of environmental regulation; Cities with low level of green innovation can not formulate high-intensity environmental regulation policies. The intermediary mechanism shows that under the situation of stricter environmental regulations, producers will pay more attention to the promotion and accumulation of human capital, and provide strong intellectual support for green innovation activities. The adjustment mechanism shows that the cities with high degree of marketization and financial R&D investment are conducive to strengthening the promotion of environmental regulation on green innovation. On the contrary, it weakens the role of environmental regulation in promoting green innovation. In addition, this paper uses SYS-GMM model and selects appropriate instrumental variables to solve the endogeneity problem of the model. We find that after reducing the endogeneity of the model, improving the intensity of environmental regulation can still promote the level of green innovation. Using SDM decomposition model, we find that environmental regulation has spatial spillover effect on green innovation, and the formulation of environmental regulation strategy is conducive to the coordinated development of regional green innovation.
Clinical Effect of Micturition Interruption Exercise on Urinary Incontinence After Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: He Kangjie , Yang Xiang-nan , Zhu Zheng , Dai Di , Zhang Jia-cheng , Chen Jia-xing , Duan Yue 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
PurposeTo explore the effectiveness of micturition interruption exercise in improving the incidence of urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy.Materials and MethodsMaterials and Methods: With a retrospective case-control study, 96 patients admitted in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University from August 2014 to August 2020 and underwent radical prostatectomy were collected as the subjects. Those patients who used micturition interruption exercise (n=48)were set as the observation group, and the control group was collected according to the ratio of 1:1, the patients used Kegel exercise (n=48). To compare the rehabilitation of urinary incontinence in patients and the effect of training compliance on rehabilitation.ResultsThe recovery time of urinary incontinence in the observation group was significantly shorter than that of the control group. In the observation group, 83.3% of patients with training compliance reached an average or above, while the control group only accounted for 58.3%. International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short-Form score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group after surgery. Spearman analysis suggests that there is a negative correlation between the postoperative urinary incontinence recovery time and compliance with the micturition interruption exercise.ConclusionsMicturition interruption exercise could not only improve the compliance of patients with exercise, but also significantly shorten the recovery time of urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy.
Pneumonia Caused by Lichtheimia Ramosa During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Hubei Province, China：A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Song Jiangqin , Hu Fuying , Li Huashun , Chen Youping , Zhu Weifang , Tian Youjun , Zhou Benjian , Wei Hui 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMucor infection cannot be ignored in patients with pulmonary shadowing with cavitation .This paper reports a case of mucormycosis during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei Province, China. Case PresentationA anesthesiology doctor was initially diagnosed as COVID-19 due to changes in lung imaging. Later Lichtheimia ramose was found by Metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS) in the Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF).After adjusting amphotericin B for anti-infective treatment, the patient's infection lesions were shranked and the symptoms were significantly relieved. Conclusion﻿The diagnosis of invasive fungal infections is very difficult, mNGS can make an accurate pathogenic diagnosis of invasive fungal diseases for the clinic and provide a basis for clinical treatment.
High-Risk Polymorphisms Associated with the Molecular Function of Human HMGCR Gene Infer the Impedance of Cholesterol Biosynthesis
Authors: Das Keshob Chandra , Hossain Mohammad Uzzal , Moniruzzaman Md , Salimullah Md , Akhteruzzaman Sharif 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: HMG-CoA reductase or HMGCR (3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase) is a rate-limiting enzyme involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. HMGCR plays an important role in the possible occurrence of hypercholesterolemia leading to atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. This enzyme is a major target for cholesterol lowering drugs such as “statins” which blocks the synthesis of mevalonate, a precursor for cholesterol biosynthesis. This study aims to characterize deleterious mutations and classify functional Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) of the HMGCR gene through analysis of functional and structural evaluation, domain association, solvent accessibility, and energy minimization studies. Results: Among 6,815 SNP entries from different databases, approximately 388 SNPs were found to be missense. Analysis showed that seven missense SNPs are more likely to have deleterious effects. A tertiary model of the mutant protein was constructed to determine the functional and structural effects of the HMGCR mutation. In addition, the location of the mutations suggests that they may have deleterious effects because most of the mutations are resides in the functional domain of the protein. The findings from the bunch of bioinformatics tools predicted that rs147043821 and rs193026499 missense SNPs could cause significant structural and functional instability in the mutated proteins of the HMGCR gene. Conclusion: Therefore, the results of the current study would undoubtedly be accommodating in future endeavors concerning drug discovery and therapeutics against hypercholesterolemia.
Large scale genomic and transcriptomic profiles of rice hybrids revealed a novel universal mechanism underlying yield heterosis
Authors: Xie jianyin , Wang Weiping , Zhang Quan , Yang Tao , Zhang Zhifang , Zhu Xiaoyang , Li Ni , Zhi Linran , Ma Xiaoqian , Zhang Shuyang , Liu Yan , Wang Xueqiang , Li Feimei , Zhao Yan , Jia Xuewei , Zhou Jieyu , Jiang Ninjia , Li Gangling , Zhang Zhanying , Li Jinjie , Zhang Ziding , Li Zichao , Zhang Hongliang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The utilization of heterosis (or hybrid vigor) is a revolutionary technology in agricultural. However, its genetic mechanisms are still unclear in plants. Here we develop, sequence and record the phenotypes of 418 hybrids from crosses between two testers and a diverse mini core collection. Phenotypic analysis showed that heterosis is an extensive but not necessary phenomenon, which varied by combinations and environments. Evidence from both GWAS on the 418 hybrids and their parents and transcriptomics of the traditional rice hybrid Liangyoupei 9, indicated that dominance and overdominance are the main genetic contributions to heterosis. Furthermore, cumulation or complementation of repulsive genetic factors may account for 37.8% of the overdominant QTL and nearly half of the genes with overdominant expression pattern. We systematically compared non-additive and additive factors and observed a common phenomenon that non-additive factors are more sensitive to background than that of additive ones across species, phenotypes, QTLs and transcription levels, further evidence from both simulations and experiment demonstrated a novel universal molecular mechanism underlying heterosis, i.e. homo-insufficiency under insufficient background (HoIIB), which expounds that heterosis in most cases is not the heterozygote advantage but the homozygote disadvantage under the insufficient genetic background. The HoIIB model can explain most known hypotheses and phenomena about heterosis, thus provides a novel theory for future hybrid rice breeding.
The Effect and Attributable Risk of Daily Temperature on Category C Infectious Diarrhea in Guangdong Province, China
Authors: Hao Qiang , Gao Qi , Zhao Ran , Wang Haitao , Li Hao , Jiang Baofa 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Previous studies have explored the effect between ambient temperature and infectious diarrhea (ID) mostly using the relative risk, which provides limited information in practical applications. There is limited study focused on the disease burden of ID caused by temperature, especially for different subgroups and cities in a multi-city setting. This study aims to estimate the effects and attributable risks of temperature on category C ID and explore potential modifiers among various cities in Guangdong. At first, the distributed lag non-linear models (DLNMs) were used to explore city-specific associations between daily mean temperature and category C ID from 2014 to 2016 in Guangdong and pooled them by applying the multivariate meta-analysis. Then, the multivariate meta-regression was further implemented to analyze the potential heterogeneity among various cities. Finally, we assessed the attributable burden of category C ID due to temperature, low (below the 5th percentile of temperature) and high temperature (above the 95th percentile of temperature) for each city and subgroup population. Comparing with the 50th percentile of daily mean temperature, adverse effects on category C ID were found when temperature was lower than 12.27℃ in Guangdong province. Some city-specific factors (longitude, urbanization rate, population density, disposable income per capita, and the number of medical technicians and beds per thousand persons) could modify the relationship of temperature-category C ID. During the study period, there were 60,505 category C ID cases (17.14% of total cases) attributable to the exposure of temperature, with the attributable fraction (AF) of low temperature (4.23%, 95% empirical confidence interval (eCI): 1.79%-5.71%) was higher than high temperature (1.34%, 95%eCI: 0.86%-1.64%). Males, people under 5 years and workers appeared to be more vulnerable to temperature, with an AF of 29.40%, 19.25%, and 21.49%, respectively. The AF varied substantially at the city level, with the largest AF of low temperature occurred in Shaoguan (9.58%, 95%eCI: 8.36%-10.09%), and that of high temperature occurred in Shenzhen (3.16%, 95%eCI: 2.70%-3.51%). Low temperature was an important risk factor for category C ID in Guangdong province, China. The exposure-response relationship could be modified by city-specific characteristics. Considering the whole population, the attributable risk of low temperature was much higher than high temperature, and males, people under 5 years and workers were vulnerable populations.