bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Antidiabetogenic Effect of the Iodine-Selenium Concentrate in Animals with Chronic Alloxan Diabetes of Varying Severity
Authors: Abikenova Fatima S. , Meyramov Gabit , Zhautikova Saule , Abdikadirova Khamida , Zhienbayeva Cymbat , Talaspekova Yulia , Baryshnikova Irina , Karipova Assima , Suleimenova Bakhyt 
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: The diabetogenic effect of alloxan is known is determined by ability to stimulate lipid peroxydation processes in B-cells of the pancreas.
AIM: to investigate of the possible antidiabetic action of long time prolonged of Iodine-Selenium concentrate action in rats with alloxan diabetes.
METHODS: Reproduction of experimental alloxan diabetes was carried out in rats by a single intravenous injection of alloxan 35-43 mg / kg body weight. The “iodine-selenium” concentrate was administered per os through a tube at the rate of 1.25 ml / 100 g of the concentrate. In experimental animals with mild and heavy diabetes mellitus, the level of glucose in the blood was assessed, products of LPO-AOD; the state of the histostructure of the pancreas and of insulin content in B cells were studied using of aldehyde fuchsin and diethylpseudoisocyanine methods.
RESULTS: Long time prolonged administration of the “iodine-selenium” concentrate (60 days) to animals with mild experimental diabetes mellitus is accompanied by a significant decrease in blood glucose levels by 1.89 times compared to the control (p ˂ 0.05) and of LPO within normal values as by increase of the level of glutathione peroxidase (GPO) by 2.23 times compared with the initial (p˂ 0.01), by prevention of the development of histological changes in pancreatic islets and a slight decrease of insulin content in B-cells. Under similar experimental conditions in animals with severe alloxan diabetes, the level of glycemia significantly decreased from 20.23 ± 2.15 mmol / l to 12.39 ± 1.52 mmol / l as of the level of diene conjugates of erythrocytes and plasma, as decrease of ketodienes, MDA of plasma and in erythrocytes and primary lipid peroxidation products, while remaining elevated, despite an increase in GPO by 50.0% compared with control (p˂0.05) in the presence of histological changes in the pancreatic islets as in experimental diabetes.

CONCLUSION: The antidiabetic effect of the “iodine-selenium” concentrate in rats with mild alloxan diabetes on the level of glycemia, LPO - AOD and state of the histostructure of the pancreas and the content of deposited insulin in pancreatic B-cells, is probably due to antioxidant effect of selenium to stimulate activity of glutathione blocking lipid peroxide and hydrogen peroxide in alloxan diabetes mellitus.
Association between Three Variants in the PRKAA2 gene, rs2796498, rs9803799, and rs2746342, with 10-year ASCVD Risk on Newly Diagnosed T2DM in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Virginia Dita Maria , Wahyuningsih Mae Sri Hartati , Nugrahaningsih Dwi Aris Agung 
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: AMPK has pivotal roles in glucose and lipid metabolism, including AMPKa2, which PRKAA2 encodes. Metformin as an anti-hyperglycemia agent acts through AMPK. Poor glycemia control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) could increase atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. Therefore, PRKAA2 genetic variation might contribute to 10-year ASCVD risk in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM receiving monotherapy metformin. AIM: The study aimed to detect an association between PRKAA2 genetic variation with 10 year-ASCVD risk among newly diagnosed T2DM patients prescribed monotherapy metformin. METHODS: This present study was a case-control study involving 107 participants. Analysis of PRKAA2 genetic variation was performed using the TaqMan assay. RESULTS: A total of 91 participants who fulfilled our criteria enrolled in this study. Most of the participants were female, with mean age 54.40±7.75 years old, mean HbA1c level of 8.35±1.31%, and the lipid profile indicated normal conditions. There was a significant difference in age (p<0.01), HbA1c level (p=0.04), sex (p<0.01), and smoking status (p<0.01) between low-risk and high-risk groups. The GT genotype of rs9803799 had 187.86 times higher possibility for high-risk of 10-year ASCVD risk than TT genotype (OR=187.86, 95%CI:2.98–11863.51). The dominant model of rs9803799 showed that GT+GG had 94.33 times higher possibility for high-risk of 10-year ASCVD risk than TT genotype (OR=94.33; 95%CI:2.32–3841.21). Other results showed that G allele of rs980377 had 20.48 times higher possibility for high-risk of 10-year ASCVD risk than T allele (OR = 20.48; 95%CI:1.48–283.30). These associations were found after multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicated that rs9803799 as one of PRKAA2 genetic variations might impact the 10-year ASCVD risk among newly diagnosed T2DM patients receiving monotherapy metformin. After considering non-genetic factors, patient assessment should include potential genetic factors in cases with hyperglycemia involving treatment affecting glucose and lipid metabolism such as monotherapy metformin. Keywords: PRKAA2, genetic variation, atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metformin, Indonesia
Study and Simulation of Transporting Radio Frequency Signals over Free Space Optics for Achieving High Data Rate and Power Saving
Authors: Aameer Ibrahim Isam , Safa’a Mansour Tahreer 
Published: August 2021

The remarkable technology for seamless integration of wireless and optical networks is radio frequency signals over Free Space Optics (FSO). This research study and simulation examine the design and evaluation performance of Radio Frequency over FSO (RF-FSO) wireless communication technology. These systems are implemented through medium communication link ranges to overcome excessive sensitivity of atmosphere medium and meet the requirements of a wide variety of optical wireless applications. There are two ways to achieve the application of the design mentioned above. The first way is the application of the Three modulation schemes of technology that is Amplitude shift keying (ASK), Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), and Quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) of digital modulation. The design of these modulation schemes is realized by using optiwave software to study the transmission of RF signals over the FSO channel and compare the three modulation techniques into the RF-FSO system. RF signals with the frequency range from (20 to 60) GHz is used in RF-FSO system and many carrier optical signals where the higher RF has a wider bandwidth to carrying larger information. To increase the transmission of data rates Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology is used. The second way is based on a mathematical model which has been proposed for this study. This mathematical model calculates optimal beacon period (BI), and optimal listen interval (LI) to preventing the overlapping of time between the signals and the decrease in the required power. Using different weather conditions samples, the simulation results revealed that the best performance of the RF-FSO system is from link range, and the receiver is more sensitive. The simulation results are as follows: Two independent channels are transmitted 20 Gbps over ranges from (263 m to 6.55 km), while four channels are transmitted 40 Gbps over ranges from (257 m to 5.95 km), and eight independent channels transmit 80 Gbps over distance from (203 m to 5.2 km)
Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mycosis and COVID-19
Authors: Kulkarni Rahul , Pujari Shripad , Gupta Dulari , Advani Sikandar , Soni Anand , Duberkar Dhananjay , Dhonde Pramod , Batra Dhruv , Bilala Saurabh , Agrawal Preetesh , Aurangabadkar Koustubh , Jain Neeraj , Shetty Kishorekumar , Dhamne Megha , Bolegave Vyankatesh , Patidar Yogesh , More Aniruddha , Nirhale Satish , Rao Prajwal , Pande Amitkumar , Doshi Suyog , Chauvhan Aradhana , Palasdeokar Nilesh , Valzade Priyanka , Jagtap Sujit , Deshpande Rushikesh , Patwardhan Sampada , Purandare Bharat , Prayag Parikshit 
Published: August 2021

Background:
There has been an increase an alarming rise in invasive mycoses during COVID-19 pandemic, especially during the second wave.

Aims:
Compare the incidence of invasive mycoses in the last three years and study the risk factors, manifestations and outcomes of mycoses in the COVID era.

Methodology:
Multicentric study was conducted across 21 centres in a state of western India over 12-months. The clinico-radiological, laboratory and microbiological features, treatment and outcomes of patients were studied. We also analysed yearly incidence of rhino-orbito-cerebral mycosis.

Results:
There was more than five-times rise in the incidence of invasive mycoses compared to previous two-years. Of the 122 patients analysed, mucor, aspergillus and dual infection were seen in 86.9%, 4.1%, and 7.4% respectively. Fifty-nine percent had simultaneous mycosis and COVID-19 while rest had sequential infection. Common presenting features were headache (91%), facial pain (78.7%), diplopia (66.4%) and vison loss (56.6%). Rhino-orbito-sinusitis was present in 96.7%, meningitis in 6.6%, intracranial mass lesions in 15.6% and strokes in 14.8%. A total of 91.8% patients were diabetic, while 90.2% were treated with steroids during COVID-19 treatment. Mortality was 34.4%.

Conclusion:
Invasive fungal infections having high mortality and morbidity have increased burden on already overburdened healthcare system. Past illnesses, COVID-19 itself and its treatment and environmental factors seem responsible for the rise of fungal infection. Awareness and preventive strategies are the need of hours and larger studies are needed for better understanding of this deadly disease.
Pattern of congenital ocular anomailes among children seen at a West African tertiary eye care centre
Authors: Musa Kareem Olatunbosun , Agboola Sefinat Abiola , Sam-Oyerinde Olapeju Ajoke , Salako Salimot Tolani , Kuku Chinwendu Nwanyieze , Uzoma Chinyei Joan 
Published: August 2021

Background:
The purpose of the study was to describe the pattern of presentation of congenital ocular anomalies (COAs) among children seen at the, Department of Ophthalmology (Guinness Eye Centre), Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria).

Methods:
A retrospective chart review of children below the age of 16 years who were diagnosed of any type of congenital ocular anomaly at the Pediatric Ophthalmology Clinic of Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria between January 2012 and December 2018 was done. Information concerning the age at presentation, gender, affected eye(s), visual acuity, and type of congenital anomaly was retrieved from the case files.

Results:
Seven hundred and forty-five eyes of 470 patients with congenital anomalies which constituted 13.6% of all the new pediatric ophthalmic consultations were studied. Two hundred and seventy-five (58.5%) children had bilateral ocular involvement, while 262 (55.7%) presented within the first year of life. The median age was 0.92 years with an interquartile range of 2.67 years. There were 255 (54.5%) males, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.2:1. Congenital cataract was the most common congenital ocular anomaly documented in 224 (30.1%) eyes of 133 patients. This was followed by congenital squint (131 eyes, 17.6%), congenital glaucoma (91 eyes, 12.2%), and corneal opacity (52 eyes, 7.0%). Overall, cataract, squint, glaucoma, corneal opacity, nasolacrimal duct obstruction, and ptosis accounted for 79.0% of the COAs documented in this study.

Conclusion:
COAs accounted for 13.6% of pediatric ophthalmic consultations in this study. Congenital cataract, squint, glaucoma, corneal opacity, nasolacrimal duct obstruction, and ptosis were the most common COAs observed.
Do Not Accept Diagnosis of “Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy” in Pediatric Age Group
Authors: Roy Mahua , Sinha Pooja , Chattopadhyay Amitabha 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in children is a hopeless disease; most of the time, patients are destine to die or ultimately become transplant candidate. In our case series, on meticulous re-examination, treatable conditions such as obstructive disease (aortic stenosis, coarctation of aorta) or coronary artery abnormality (anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery and coronary artery occlusion by thrombus) or rhythm abnormality (supraventricular tachycardia) were diagnosed, and all patients were improved after successful correction of underlying cardiac disease.
Pulmonary Vein Isolation in a Case of Common Drainage of a Persistent Left Superior Caval Vein and the Left-Sided Pulmonary Veins Into the Left Atrium
Authors: Meininghaus Dirk Grosse , Waniek Claudia , Schulz Thomas , Kushnir Anton 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Preprocedural imaging before catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation is often limited. We present a case of a 67-year-old female with unsuspected anatomy relevant to procedure planning. Routine computed tomography revealed an undetected persistent left-sided superior caval vein (LpSVC). All left-sided pulmonary veins drained with the LpSVC by way of a common vessel at the roof of the left atrium (LA). This common vein exhibited low-amplitude signals connected to the LA beyond 25 mm. Both right-sided caval veins and the coronary sinus drained to the right atrium. We struggled to keep the ablation lesions distant from the common vein to avoid an increase of the left-to-right shunt by unintended narrowing of this vessel. The encircling ablation lines around the right-sided pulmonary veins and the common vein were close together so an additional roof line was done. In summary, imaging definitively helped to prepare the ablation procedure and to avoid complications.
Online Consultation in the Covid Epoch in India
Authors: Dorairaj Prabhakar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
Online consultation is the latest challenge in clinical medicine during the COVID pandemic. We utilized our preexisting electronic medical record, video calling, and online payment for online consultation.

Methodology:
Consultations between April 15, 2020, and July 31, 2020, were compared with a similar period in 2019 to see the change in the pattern of consultation.

Results:
Between April 15, 2020, and July 31, 2020, there were a total of 1597 appointments compared to 2945 in the previous year a 45% fall in 2020. In the current model, all patients had to compulsorily have an online consultation. Online consultation was first done for 1130 patients, of whom 396 had a physical consultation in the clinic. There were no online consultations in the previous year. The real-world problems with online consultations and how they were overcome are discussed. Analyzing the data month wise, there was a progressive increase in the appointments this year indicating better acceptance for online consultation increasing from 350 appointments in May to 628 in July 2020, which translated into 40% and 70% of 2019 appointments indicating better acceptance over time. Cancellations were 5.2% for online consultation and 2.2% for physical consultation in the clinic. The reasons for cancellations were also analyzed and the most common causes were inability to reach the patient on mobile and blood pressure not recordable nearby. 0.7% had to make an emergency visit before they could complete an online consultation.

Conclusions:
Simple method of online consultation can be implemented in any clinic. No special app is required. The number of patients undergoing consultation is increasing with every passing month. This should be a motivation for more physicians to start online consultation during the COVID Epoch.
Pyrethroid Resistance in Anopheles gambiae Not Associated with Insecticide-Treated Mosquito Net Effectiveness Across Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Larsen David A. , Church Rachael L. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT.
Pyrethroid resistance is a major concern for malaria vector control programs that predominantly rely on insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs). Contradictory results of the impact of resistance have been observed during field studies. We combined continent-wide estimates of pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles gambiae from 2006 to 2017, with continent-wide survey data to assess the effect of increasing pyrethroid resistance on the effectiveness of ITNs to prevent malaria infections in sub-Saharan Africa. We used a pooled-data approach and a meta-regression of survey regions to assess how pyrethroid resistance affects the association between ITN ownership and malaria outcomes for children 6 to 59 months of age. ITN ownership reduced the risk of malaria outcomes according to both the pooled and meta-regression approaches. According to the pooled analysis, there was no observed interaction between ITN ownership and estimated level of pyrethroid resistance (likelihood ratio [LR] test, 1.127 for malaria infection confirmed by the rapid diagnostic test, P = 0.2885; LR test = 0.161 for microscopy-confirmed malaria infection, P = 0.161; LR test = 0.646 for moderate or severe anemia, P = 0.4215). Using the meta-regression approach to determine the level of pyrethroid resistance did not explain any of the variance in subnational estimates of ITN effectiveness for any of the outcomes. ITNs decreased the risk of malaria independent of the levels of pyrethroid resistance in malaria vector populations.
Seroprevalence and Spatial Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus in Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Pereira Felicidade Mota , Santos Fred Luciano Neves , Almeida Maria da Conceição Chagas de , Carreiro Roberto Perez , Silva Luciano Kalabric , Galvão-Castro Bernardo , Rios Grassi Maria Fernanda 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT.
In Salvador, which is the capital of the Brazilian state of Bahia, it has been estimated that 1.5% of the general population is infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV); however, the circulation of HCV throughout the state remains unknown. The present retrospective study aimed to determine anti-HCV seroprevalence and describe the geographic distribution of hepatitis C in Bahia. Data from HCV serological tests submitted to the Bahia Central Laboratory of Public Health between 2004 and 2013 were analyzed. Serology for HCV was performed using the AxSYM anti-HCV enzymatic microparticle immunoassay and chemiluminescence immunoassay. A subgroup of samples with detectable HCV-RNA was genotyped using the linear array hepatitis C virus genotyping assay. A total of 247,837 samples were analyzed. The median age of the studied population was 31 years (interquartile range, 25–44 years), and the female:male ratio was 3.9:1. The global seroprevalence of HCV in Bahia was estimated to be 1.3% (3,230/247,837), corresponding to an infection rate of 21.2/100,000 inhabitants. The seroprevalence of HCV was higher among males and increased with age. The presence of anti-HCV antibodies was detected throughout all mesoregions of Bahia, and the municipality with the highest infection rate was Ipiaú (112.04 cases/100,000 inhabitants). Genotypes 1 and 3 were found to be the most prevalent, followed by genotypes 2, 4, and 5. Our results provide evidence of the widespread distribution of previous HCV infection throughout the state of Bahia.
The Price of Mediation
Authors: Bradonjic Milan , Ercal Gunes , Meyerson Adam , Roytman Alan 
Published: August 2021

Discrete Algorithms
We study the relationship between correlated equilibria and Nash equilibria. In contrast to previous work focusing on the possible benefits of a benevolent mediator, we define and bound the Price of Mediation (PoM): the ratio of the social cost (or utility) of the worst correlated equilibrium to the social cost (or utility) of the worst Nash. We observe that in practice, the heuristics used for mediation are frequently non-optimal, and from an economic perspective mediators may be inept or self-interested. Recent results on computation of equilibria also motivate our work. We consider the Price of Mediation for general games with small numbers of players and pure strategies. For two player, two strategy games we give tight bounds in the non-negative cost model and the non-negative utility model. For larger games (either more players, or more pure strategies per player, or both) we show that the PoM can be arbitrary. We also have many results on symmetric congestion games (also known as load balancing games). We show that for general convex cost functions, the PoM can grow exponentially in the number of players. We prove that the PoM is one for linear costs and at most a small constant (but can be larger than one) for concave costs. For polynomial cost functions, we prove bounds on the PoM which are exponential in the degree.
List circular backbone colouring
Authors: Havet Frédéric , King Andrew 
Published: August 2021

Graph Theory
A natural generalization of graph colouring involves taking colours from a metric space and insisting that the endpoints of an edge receive colours separated by a minimum distance dictated by properties of the edge. In the q-backbone colouring problem, these minimum distances are either q or 1, depending on whether or not the edge is in the backbone. In this paper we consider the list version of this problem, with particular focus on colours in ℤp - this problem is closely related to the problem of circular choosability. We first prove that the list circular q-backbone chromatic number of a graph is bounded by a function of the list chromatic number. We then consider the more general problem in which each edge is assigned an individual distance between its endpoints, and provide bounds using the Combinatorial Nullstellensatz. Through this result and through structural approaches, we achieve good bounds when both the graph and the backbone belong to restricted families of graphs.
A variant of Niessen’s problem on degreesequences of graphs
Authors: Guo Jiyun , Yin Jianhua 
Published: August 2021

Graph Theory
Let (a1,a2,\textellipsis,an) and (b1,b2,\textellipsis,bn) be two sequences of nonnegative integers satisfying the condition that b1>=b2>=...>=bn, ai<= bi for i=1,2,\textellipsis,n and ai+bi>=ai+1+bi+1 for i=1,2,\textellipsis, n-1. In this paper, we give two different conditions, one of which is sufficient and the other one necessary, for the sequences (a1,a2,\textellipsis,an) and (b1,b2,\textellipsis,bn) such that for every (c1,c2,\textellipsis,cn) with ai<=ci<=bi for i=1,2,\textellipsis,n and &#x2211;&limits;i=1n ci=0 (mod 2), there exists a simple graph G with vertices v1,v2,\textellipsis,vn such that dG(vi)=ci for i=1,2,\textellipsis,n. This is a variant of Niessen\textquoterights problem on degree sequences of graphs (Discrete Math., 191 (1998), 247&#x2013;253).
On Hamiltonian Paths and Cycles in Sufficiently Large Distance Graphs
Authors: Löwenstein Christian , Rautenbach Dieter , Soták Roman 
Published: August 2021

Graph Theory
For a positive integer n∈ℕ and a set D⊆ ℕ, the distance graph GnD has vertex set &#x007b; 0,1,\textellipsis,n-1&#x007d; and two vertices i and j of GnD are adjacent exactly if |j-i|∈D. The condition gcd(D)=1 is necessary for a distance graph GnD being connected. Let D=&#x007b;d1,d2&#x007d;⊆ℕ be such that d1>d2 and gcd(d1,d2)=1. We prove the following results. If n is sufficiently large in terms of D, then GnD has a Hamiltonian path with endvertices 0 and n-1. If d1d2 is odd, n is even and sufficiently large in terms of D, then GnD has a Hamiltonian cycle. If d1d2 is even and n is sufficiently large in terms of D, then GnD has a Hamiltonian cycle.
The total irregularity of a graph
Authors: Abdo Hosam , Brandt Stephan , Dimitrov D. 
Published: August 2021

Graph Theory
In this note a new measure of irregularity of a graph G is introduced. It is named the total irregularity of a graph and is defined as irr(t)(G) - 1/2 Sigma(u, v is an element of V(G)) vertical bar d(G)(u) - d(G)(v)vertical bar, where d(G)(u) denotes the degree of a vertex u is an element of V(G). All graphs with maximal total irregularity are determined. It is also shown that among all trees of the same order the star has the maximal total irregularity.