bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CCRL2 promotes antitumor T-cell immunity via amplifying TLR4-mediated immunostimulatory macrophage activation
Authors: Yin Wei , Li Yihong , Song Yan , Zhang Jiarui , Wu Chao , Chen Yu , Miao Ying , Lin Changdong , Lin Yuli , Yan Dapeng , Chen Jianfeng , He Rui 
Published: April 2021

SignificanceMacrophages play a key role in shaping tumor immunity. CCRL2 was originally cloned from LPS-stimulated macrophages; however, whether CCRL2 influences tumor immunity by regulating macrophage function remains unknown. In this study, we identify CCRL2 as a predictive indicator of robust antitumor immunity in human cancers and report the predominant expression of CCLR2 in TAM with immunostimulatory phenotypes. We also reveal the functional role of CCRL2 in potentiating antitumor immunity. Specifically, CCRL2 that is primarily induced by TLR4 agonists in turn interacts with TLR4 to facilitate its retainment in cell surface, thereby amplifying membrane TLR4-mediated downstream inflammatory signaling, finally leading to optimal activation of immunostimulatory macrophages and subsequent antitumor CD8+T-cell responses.
The Less Eligible Eaters: Calorie Counts, No-Frills, and Vending Machines in Prison
Authors: Labotka Lori 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Least Eligibility Principle (LEP) has been variously engaged throughout US history to sort service populations into the deserving and undeserving. The no-frills prison policy movement of the 1990s was heavily influenced by LEP morality. Food was one focal point of the discourses and policies that negotiated the floating signifier “least” to place prisoners at the bottom of the presumed hierarchy, encouraging a punitive penal diet. Based on ethnographic data collected from a US prison for women, I explore women’s practices that negotiate their relationship to this diet. Following Abu-Lughod’s (1990) suggestion, I consider these daily acts of resistance to reveal the workings of power. The hollowed-out diet disciplines as it presupposes the moral classification of LEP, indexing the unworthiness of those who must consume it. The impacts of the disciplinary diet are far-reaching, encouraging the accumulation of debt while incarcerated and placing unyielding financial pressure on incarcerated individuals’ kin networks. State and civil society are continuous in the ideological negotiation that supports the punitive penal diet. Women’s practices that challenge the moral implications of this diet claim humanity and dignity in a system that presupposes their unworthiness and positions them as morally bankrupt.
Supersolid behavior in one-dimensional self-trapped Bose–Einstein condensate
Authors: Parit Mithilesh K , Tyagi Gargi , Singh Dheerendra , Panigrahi Prasanta K 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Supersolid is an exotic state of matter, showing crystalline order with a superfluid background, observed recently in dipolar Bose–Einstein condensate in a trap. Here, we present exact Bloch wave function of the self-trapped supersolid phase, in the presence of mean-field and beyond mean-field interaction. Our general solutions of the amended nonlinear Schrödinger equation are obtained through Möbius transform, connecting a wide class of supersolid solutions to the ubiquitous cnoidal waves. The solutions yield the supersolid phase in the self-trapped quantum matter, where an array of quantum droplets exist, accompanied by a constant condensate. For the supersolid phase, the chemical potential for one class of solutions is the same as that of self-trapped quantum droplets, and is lower for the general non-perturbative solution. Due to the destabilizing effects of fluctuations on long range order in one dimension, the realization of the supersolid phase may be possible in a finite system.
Modeling nanoparticle charge distribution in the afterglow of non-thermal plasmas and comparison with measurements
Authors: Suresh Vikram , Li Li , Redmond Go Felipe Joshua , Gopalakrishnan Ranganathan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Particle charging in the afterglows of non-thermal plasmas typically take place in a non-neutral space charge environment. We model the same by incorporating particle–ion collision rate constant models, developed in prior work by analyzing particle–ion trajectories calculated using Langevin Dynamics (LD) simulations, into species transport equations for ions, electrons and charged particles in the afterglow. A scaling analysis of particle charging and additional LD calculations of the particle–ion collision rate constant are presented to extend the range of applicability to ion electrostatic to thermal energy ratios of 300 and diffusive Knudsen number (that scales inversely with gas pressure) up to 2000. The developed collision rate constant models are first validated by comparing predictions of particle charge against measured values in a stationary, non-thermal DC plasma from past PK-4 campaigns published in Ratynskaia et al (2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 085001) and Khrapak et al (2005 Phys. Rev. E 72 016406). The comparisons reveal excellent agreement within

±
35
%

for particles of radius

0.6
,
1.0
,
1.3

μ

m

in the gas pressure range of

∼
20
−
150
Pa

. The experiments to probe particle charge distributions by Sharma et al (2020 J. Physics D: Appl. Phys. 53 245204) are modeled using the validated particle–ion collision rate constant models and the calculated charge fractions are compared with measurements. The comparisons reveal that the ion/electron concentration and gas temperature in the afterglow critically influence the particle charge and the predictions are generally in qualitative agreement with the measurements. Along with critical assessment of the modeling assumptions, several recommendations are presented for future experimental design to probe charging in afterglows.
Ultra-coarse-graining of homopolymers in inhomogeneous systems
Authors: Berressem Fabian , Scherer Christoph , Andrienko Denis , Nikoubashman Arash 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We develop coarse-grained (CG) models for simulating homopolymers in inhomogeneous systems, focusing on polymer films and droplets. If the CG polymers interact solely through two-body potentials, then the films and droplets either dissolve or collapse into small aggregates, depending on whether the effective polymer–polymer interactions have been determined from reference simulations in the bulk or at infinite dilution. To address this shortcoming, we include higher order interactions either through an additional three-body potential or a local density-dependent potential (LDP). We parameterize the two- and three-body potentials via force matching, and the LDP through relative entropy minimization. While the CG models with three-body interactions fail at reproducing stable polymer films and droplets, CG simulations with an LDP are able to do so. Minor quantitative differences between the reference and the CG simulations, namely a slight broadening of interfaces accompanied by a smaller surface tension in the CG simulations, can be attributed to the deformation of polymers near the interfaces, which cannot be resolved in the CG representation, where the polymers are mapped to spherical beads.
Role of pH in the synthesis and growth of gold nanoparticles using L-asparagine: a combined experimental and simulation study
Authors: Báez-Cruz Ricardo , Baptista Luis A , Ntim Samuel , Manidurai Paulraj , Espinoza Shirly , Ramanan Charusheela , Cortes-Huerto Robinson , Sulpizi Marialore 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The use of biomolecules as capping and reducing agents in the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles constitutes a promising framework to achieve desired functional properties with minimal toxicity. The system’s complexity and the large number of variables involved represent a challenge for theoretical and experimental investigations aiming at devising precise synthesis protocols. In this work, we use L-asparagine (Asn), an amino acid building block of large biomolecular systems, to synthesise gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in aqueous solution at controlled pH. The use of Asn offers a primary system that allows us to understand the role of biomolecules in synthesising metallic nanoparticles. Our results indicate that AuNPs synthesised in acidic (pH 6) and basic (pH 9) environments exhibit somewhat different morphologies. We investigate these AuNPs via Raman scattering experiments and classical molecular dynamics simulations of zwitterionic and anionic Asn states adsorbing on (111)-, (100)-, (110)-, and (311)-oriented gold surfaces. A combined analysis suggests that the underlying mechanism controlling AuNPs geometry correlates with amine’s preferential adsorption over ammonium groups, enhanced upon increasing pH. Our simulations reveal that Asn (both zwitterionic and anionic) adsorption on gold (111) is essentially different from adsorption on more open surfaces. Water molecules strongly interact with the gold face-centred-cubic lattice and create traps, on the more open surfaces, that prevent the Asn from diffusing. These results indicate that pH is a relevant parameter in green-synthesis protocols with the capability to control the nanoparticle’s geometry, and pave the way to computational studies exploring the effect of water monolayers on the adsorption of small molecules on wet gold surfaces.
Traceability of optical 3D scanner measurements on sand mould in the production of quality castings
Authors: Yazdanbakhsh Seyed Alireza , Mohaghegh Kamran , Tiedje Niels Skat , Chiffre Leonardo De 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper addresses the establishment of traceability of optical 3D scanner measurements on green sand mould in the production of quality castings. Optical measurements are subject to the influence of the workpiece material optical properties, which can be very different from those of conventional calibration artefacts, e.g. check boards, ball plates, etc. This means that an optical 3D scanner calibrated using a check board or a ball plate may give biased and unreliable results when used for dimensional measurements on a crystalline material such as sand. In order to use a tactile coordinate measuring machine as reference for optical measurements on a green sand mould, which cannot be probed directly, a hard furan sand cone plate was developed and substituted as reference workpiece for tactile as well as optical measurements. Systematic errors and measurement uncertainties were assessed for the optical measurements, and a maximum expanded uncertainty of 26 µm was estimated, which is acceptable for optical measurements on sand surfaces having single grains with an average diameter of 232 µm.
High-precision wavefront reconstruction from Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor data by a deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Gu Hu , Zhao Ziyun , Zhang Zhigao , Cao Shuo , Wu Jingjing , Hu Lifa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWFS) has been widely used for measuring aberrations in adaptive optics systems. However, its traditional wavefront reconstruction method usually has limited precision under field conditions because the weight-of-center calculation is affected by many factors, such as low signal-to-noise-ratio objects, strong turbulence, and so on. In this paper, we present a ResNet50+ network that reconstructs the wavefront with high precision from the spot pattern of the SHWFS. In this method, a nonlinear relationship is built between the spot pattern and the corresponding Zernike coefficients without using a traditional weight-of-center calculation. The results indicate that the root-mean-square (RMS) value of the residual wavefront is 0.0128 μm, which is 0.79% of the original wavefront RMS. Additionally, we can reconstruct the wavefront under atmospheric conditions, if the ratio between the telescope aperture’s diameter D and the coherent length r
0 is 20 or if a natural guide star of the ninth magnitude is available, with an RMS reconstruction error of less than 0.1 μm. The method presented is effective in the measurement of wavefronts disturbed by atmospheric turbulence for the observation of weak astronomical objects.
In vitro anti-oxidant and cytotoxic activities of gold nanoparticles synthesized from an aqueous extract of the Xylopia aethiopica fruit
Authors: Anadozie Scholastica O , Adewale Olusola B , Meyer Mervin , Davids Hajierah , Roux Saartjie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The development of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using a green approach has drawn considerable interest in the field of nanomedicine. Its wide application in clinical diagnosis, imaging and therapeutics portrays its importance for human existence. In this study, we reported on the biogenic synthesis of AuNPs using the aqueous extract of the Xylopia aethiopica fruit (AEXAf), which acts as both a reducing and stabilizing agent. The characterization of AEXAf-AuNPs was performed using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurements, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. The i
n vitro anti-oxidant activities of the AEXAf-AuNPs and AEXAf were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing anti-oxidant power. The in vitro cytotoxic activities of the AEXAf-AuNPs and AEXAf against breast and colorectal cancer cells were evaluated using 3,-(4,5 dimethylthiazol)-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) viability and annexin V/PI assays. The AEXAf-AuNPs exhibited surface plasmon absorption maximum at 522 nm and were stable for 4 weeks. The average size of the AEXAf-AuNPs was 10.61 ± 3.33 nm on the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images. The in vitro anti-oxidant activities of the AEXAf-AuNPs and AEXAf were concentration dependent. The AEXAf-AuNPs were cytotoxic to the cancer cells and non-toxic to the non-cancerous human fibroblast cells (KMST-6) (up to 200 μg ml−1). From these results, the AEXAf-AuNPs showed good anti-oxidant and anti-cancer activities, and can be suggested as a possible therapeutic agent for breast and colorectal cancer.
Functionalization of electronic, spin and optical properties of GeSe monolayer by substitutional doping: a first-principles study
Authors: Chakraborty Rajat , Ahmed Shahnewaz , Subrina Samia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Substitutional doping has traditionally been used to modulate the existing properties of semiconductors and introduce new exciting properties, especially in two-dimensional materials. In this work, we have investigated the impact of substitutional doping (using group III, IV, V, and VI dopants) on the structural, electronic, spin, and optical properties of GeSe monolayer by using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. Our calculated binding energies, formation energies and phonon dispersion curves of the doped systems support their stability and hence the feasibility of physical realization. Our results further suggest that switching between metallic and semiconducting states of GeSe monolayer can be controlled by dopant atoms with a different number of valence electrons. The band gap of the semiconducting structures can be tuned within a range of 0.2864 eV to 1.17 eV by substituting with different dopants. In addition, most of the doped structures maintain the low effective mass, 0.20

m

0

to 0.59

m
0

for electron and 0.21

m
0

to 0.52

m
0

for hole, which ensures the enhanced transport properties of GeSe based electronic devices. Moreover, when Ge is substituted with group V dopants, a magnetic moment is introduced in an otherwise non-magnetic GeSe monolayer. The optical absorption coefficient of the doped structures can be significantly improved (>2×) in the visible and infrared regions. These intriguing results would encourage the applications of doped GeSe monolayer in next-generation electronic, optoelectronic and spintronic devices.
Radiomics analysis of chest CT to predict the overall survival for the severe patients of COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Xiao Feng , Sun Rongqing , Sun Wenbo , Xu Dan , Lan Lan , Li Huan , Liu Huan , Xu Haibo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Personalized assessment and treatment of severe patients with COVID-19 pneumonia have greatly affected the prognosis and survival of these patients. This study aimed to develop the radiomics models as the potential biomarkers to estimate the overall survival (OS) for the COVID-19 severe patients. A total of 74 COVID-19 severe patients were enrolled in this study, and 30 of them died during the follow-up period. First, the clinical risk factors of the patients were analyzed. Then, two radiomics signatures were constructed based on two segmented volumes of interest of whole lung area and lesion area. Two combination models were built depend on whether the clinic risk factors were used and/or whether two radiomics signatures were combined. Kaplan–Meier analysis were performed for validating two radiomics signatures and C-index was used to evaluated the predictive performance of all radiomics signatures and combination models. Finally, a radiomics nomogram combining radiomics signatures with clinical risk factors was developed for predicting personalized OS, and then assessed with respect to the calibration curve. Three clinical risk factors were found, included age, malignancy and highest temperature that influence OS. Both two radiomics signatures could effectively stratify the risk of OS in COVID-19 severe patients. The predictive performance of the combination model with two radiomics signatures was better than that only one radiomics signature was used, and became better when three clinical risk factors were interpolated. Calibration curves showed good agreement in both 15 d survival and 30 d survival between the estimation with the constructed nomogram and actual observation. Both two constructed radiomics signatures can act as the potential biomarkers for risk stratification of OS in COVID-19 severe patients. The radiomics+clinical nomogram generated might serve as a potential tool to guide personalized treatment and care for these patients.
Total loss measurement and simulation in a REBCO coated conductor carrying DC current in perpendicular AC magnetic field at various temperatures
Authors: Sun Yueming , Fang Jin , Sidorov Gennady , Li Quan , Badcock Rodney A , Long Nicholas J , Jiang Zhenan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In many high-temperature superconducting (HTS) applications, HTS coated conductors carry DC currents under external AC magnetic fields. There are two AC loss mechanisms in this situation: magnetization loss due to the external magnetic field and dynamic loss due to the interaction between the DC current and the external magnetic field. The sum of these two loss components is referred to as total loss. In this work, the total loss in a 4 mm wide REBCO coated conductor is measured under perpendicular AC magnetic fields up to 105 mT at 77 K, 70 K, and 65 K, with reduced DC current level, i (I
dc/I
c0), from 0.025 to 0.98, where I
dc is the transport DC current value and I
c0 is the self-field critical current of the coated conductor at each temperature. The experimental results show a good quantitative agreement with an analytical equation for each loss component, as well as 2D finite element modelling (FEM) results from
H
-formulation. For any given temperature, we observe that the total loss is mostly dominated by magnetization loss at i< 0.2, while dynamic loss makes a comparable, even greater contribution to total loss at i > 0.5. Electromagnetic analysis from the FEM modelling shows the evolution process of total loss, where the dynamic loss region and magnetization loss region vary across the conductor width at high magnetic fields or high DC current level. The simulation results also reveal the superposition of (positive) DC current and the anti-parallel (negative) shielding current, which occurs at high DC current level. The superposition drives the current density of one conductor edge to subcritical stage, and it leads to one-sided loss generation in each half-cycle. Our results provide a valuable reference for total loss behaviours in REBCO coated conductors.
Nonlinear contact behavior of HTS tapes during pancake coiling and CORC cabling
Authors: Wang Keyang , Gao Yuanwen , Luo Wei , Zhou Youhe , Nijhuis Arend 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Both the pancake coiling and conductor on round core (CORC) cabling processes consist of winding second-generation high-temperature superconducting tape (REBCO) in a core. The contact behavior between the tape and the core during the winding process directly affects the critical current, cable flexibility, mechanical support and electrical contact resistance. Therefore, the winding process needs to be optimized to produce pancake coils and CORC cables with the desired electrical and mechanical properties. This paper comprehensively considers the role of the relaxation and Poisson effects. The theoretical model and the finite element model (FEM) for calculating the contact stress during the winding process are established, and a formula for the estimation of the contact force is proposed. The suitable winding pre-tension force, winding curvature radius of SCS2030 (2 mm width and 30

μ

m substrate thickness) and SCS4050 (4 mm width and 50

μ

m substrate thickness) of REBCO tapes are obtained and discussed by accounting for the relaxation effect and the critical current degradation limit. With consideration of the Poisson effect, the nonlinear contact behavior is investigated. In addition, the relaxation effect, Poisson effect and plasticity of the REBCO tape are taken into account in the FEM model. The results show that the axial strain in the REBCO layer during the winding process is related to the contact behavior. The greater the winding pre-tension force, the smaller the helical curvature radius, and the greater the contact force. The distribution of contact stress for several winding factors (winding pre-tension force, winding angle and the core radius) is divided into three contact types: the single-line contact, the double-line contact and the surface contact. The FEM model results are consistent with the theoretical evaluation and are more suitable for practical winding cases. This research is the basis for designing and optimizing pancake coils and CORC cables.
Highly accurate Gaussian process tomography with geometrical sets of coherent states
Authors: Teo Yong Siah , Park Kimin , Shin Seongwook , Jeong Hyunseok , Marek Petr 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We propose a practical strategy for choosing sets of input coherent states that are near-optimal for reconstructing single-mode Gaussian quantum processes with output-state heterodyne measurements. We first derive analytical expressions for the mean squared-error that quantifies the reconstruction accuracy for general process tomography and large data. Using such expressions, upon relaxing the trace-preserving (TP) constraint, we introduce an error-reducing set of input coherent states that is independent of the measurement data or the unknown true process—the geometrical set. We numerically show that process reconstruction from such input coherent states is nearly as accurate as that from the best possible set of coherent states chosen with the complete knowledge about the process. This allows us to efficiently characterize Gaussian processes even with reasonably low-energy coherent states. We numerically observe that the geometrical strategy without trace preservation beats all nonadaptive strategies for arbitrary TP Gaussian processes of typical parameter ranges so long as the displacement components are not too large.