bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioerosion and fungal colonization of the invasive foraminiferan Amphistegina lobifera in a Mediterranean seagrass meadow
Authors: Vohník Martin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Foraminiferans are diverse micro- to macroscopic protists
abundant especially in (sub)tropical seas, often forming characteristic
benthic communities known as “living sands”. Numerous species have
migrated through the Suez Canal to the Mediterranean and one of them, i.e.,
Amphistegina lobifera, turned invasive, gradually outcompeting the indigenous species. At some
places, A. lobifera creates thick seabed sediments, thus becoming an important
environmental engineer. However, little is known about the turnover of its
shells in the invaded ecosystems. Using vital staining, stereomicroscopy,
scanning electron microscopy, and cultivation and DNA fingerprinting, I
investigated the vital status, destruction/decomposition and mycobiota of
A. lobifera in the rhizosphere of the dominant Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica in an underwater
Maltese meadow (average 284 shells g−1, representing 28.5 % of dry substrate
weight), in comparison with epiphytic specimens and P. oceanica roots. While 78 % of
the epiphytes were alive, nearly all substrate specimens were dead. On
average, 80 % of the epiphytes were intact compared to 21 % of the
substrate specimens. Abiotic dissolution and mechanical damage played only a minor role, but some bioerosion was detected in 18 % and >70 % of the epiphytic and substrate specimens, respectively. Few
bioerosion traces could be attributed to fungi, and the majority probably
belonged to photoautotrophs. The seagrass roots displayed fungal
colonization typical for this species and yielded 81 identified isolates,
while the surface-sterilized substrate specimens surprisingly yielded no
cultivable fungi compared to 16 other identified isolates obtained from the
epiphytes. While the epiphytes' mycobiota was dominated by
ascomycetous generalists also known from terrestrial ecosystems (alongside
with, for example, a relative of the “rock-eating” extremophiles), the roots were
dominated by the seagrass-specific dark septate endophyte Posidoniomyces atricolor and additionally
contained a previously unreported lulworthioid mycobiont. In conclusion, at
the investigated locality, dead A. lobifera shells seem to be regularly bioeroded by endolithic non-fungal organisms, which may counterbalance their accumulation in the seabed substrate.
Enkulturasi Nilai Karakter Melalui Permainan Tradisional Pada Pembelajaran Tematik Di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Siti Anisah Ani , Holis Ade 
Published: April 2021

Proses penanaman karakter di sekolah selama ini berlangsung secara tidak langsung sehingga berdampak kepada kurang terbangunnya karakter peserta didik. Didukung oleh perkembangan teknologi yang melahirkan berbagai inovasi telah menggeser nilai-nilai budaya yang dianut masyarakat dan melemahkan kekuatan karakter bangsa. Lembaga pendidikan memiliki peran dalam memperbaiki lemahnya sumber daya manusia terutama karakter, bahkan tripusat pendidikan harus bersinergi dalam membangun karakter peserta didik sejak dini. Pendidikan tingkat dasar merupakan akar pendidikan yang paling mendasar sehingga keberhasilannya sangat menentukan proses belajar peserta didik pada jenjang selanjutnya. Pemberlakuan Kurikulum 2013 salah satunya bertujuan untuk memperbaiki karakter peserta didik. Pembelajaran tematik integrative diterapkan dengan mengaitkan berbagai mata pelajaran yang ada dengan permasalahan-permasalahan yang dijumpai di sekitar sehingga pembelajaran menjadi kontekstual dengan konsep belajar learning by doing. Disamping itu pendidik dituntut kreatif dalam mengembangkan bahan ajar, memilih sumber dan media belajar yang tersedia di lingkungan sekitar. Proses mempelajari nilai budaya local dapat dilakukan melalui pembelajaran tematik agar terjadi proses enkulturasi nilai karakter, karena proses enkulturasi merupakan proses alamiah yang terjadi di lingkungan pendidikan baik formal, informal maupun non formal. Pada pendidikan formal pendidik dituntut untuk memperhatikan karakteristik peserta didik usia sekolah dasar sehingga pendidik harus lebih kreatif dalam mengembangkan pembelajaran yang mengandung unsur permainan, menciptakan lingkungan teman sebaya yang mengajarkan keterampilan fisik, bersosialisasi, bekerjasama, kontekstual, dan mampu mengembangkan nilai karakter selama proses pembelajaran.
Kata Kunci: Enkulturasi, Nilai-nilai Karakter, Permainan Tradisional, Pembelajaran Tematik, Sekolah Dasar
Hunting and Deforestation: A Threat to the Existence of the Niger Delta Red Colobus Monkey (Procolobus epieni)
Authors: Gbolagade Akeem Lameed , Funmilayo Lewiska Lateef 
Published: April 2021

The Niger Delta in Nigeria is the largest wetland in Africa and the third largest mangrove forest in the world. The region is known for its richness in biodiversity as well as its oil and gas resources. Due to the high level of oil exploration, deforestation, hunting and insecurities in these areas, the wildlife especially endemic species like the Niger Delta red colobus becomes vulnerable to extinction. Most researches on their range have noted a significant reduction in their population and range distribution. Hence, up-to-date information on their current status is paramount to ensure proper and urgent conservation measures. Data was obtained through the use of field survey and secondary data. The species was recently discovered endemic to Niger delta region in Nigeria for about 23 years ago and recent studies observed that there has been a drastic reduction in their population and a shift in the range they formally occupied faulting this to anthropogenic activities. This study revealed that the location is under intense timber extraction and hunting and as a result, one of the location in the Apoi creek where it was reported to be present, record no species of Red colobus monkey. Only the red capped mangabey monkey (3) were sighted at the location with some evidence of alligator (10). Result also revealed that most of the communities (age ≤ 30) do not know or have seen the species. The situation at the location is exacerbated because of the level of poverty and insecurity in the areas. Going by the evidence of intense timber extraction and hunting at the location, the number of this species may have drastically reduced compared to what it was formally projected (±200 individuals). It is therefore strongly recommended that a follow up of the research is done in other location where it was reported to be present.
Barley Grain Development during Drought Stress: Current Status and Perspectives
Authors: Khodaeiaminjan Mortaza , Bergougnoux Véronique 
Published: May 2021

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) belongs to small grain cereals that cover more than 78% of the daily calorie consumption of humans. With a prediction of 9.7 billion humans in 2050 (FAO stats) and climatic changes, the question of increasing small grain cereal’s production has become an agricultural challenge. Drought exerts a strong environmental pressure, causing large yield losses worldwide. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms responsible for grain development from the fertilization to the mature dry grain is essential to understand how drought can affect this developmental program. In this book chapter, we present the physiological, molecular and hormonal regulation of barley grain development. In a second part, we describe the consequences of drought at different stage of barley development, with a special focus on the reproductive phase. Finally, in the last part, we present the different methods used to decipher new genetic information related to drought-tolerance. All this knowledge contributes to understanding the tolerance mechanisms of barley and to developing breeding strategies aiming to bring about new varieties with sustained yield in harsh conditions.
De la lutte contre le racisme au soutien aux demandeuses d’asile lesbiennes : expériences lesbiennes féministes en France depuis la fin des années 90
Authors: Falquet Jules 
Published: May 2021

L’auteure propose de rendre visibles et de relire certaines expériences de lesbiennes féministes racisées et blanches depuis la fin des années 90, devant le racisme du mouvement lesbien, puis à l’égard du durcissement nationaliste des politiques migratoires françaises, en s’appuyant sur le concept d’homonationalisme de Jasbir K. Puar (2007). Le point de départ se situe dans l’expérience personnelle de l’auteure, engagée comme activiste et en tant qu’universitaire, sur le thème du genre et du lesbianisme dans la migration, et partie prenante de plusieurs initiatives pionnières dans le domaine. Adoptant une perspective épistémologique qui met en valeur l’importance du point de vue situé, l’auteure insiste également sur le rôle central de différentes lesbiennes racisées et prolétarisées.L’auteure distingue la première période, de 1999 à 2004, pendant laquelle prédomine la dénonciation du racisme, au sein du mouvement lesbien lui-même, sous la houlette d’un groupe de lesbiennes racisées qui défend fermement, pour la première fois, l’organisation autonome, c’est-à-dire la non-mixité de race. De 2005 à 2010, un virage s’opère vers des luttes contre l’hétérosexisme des politiques migratoires (de plus en plus restrictives), et la migration des lesbiennes commence à être visibilisée au travers d’initiatives plutôt mixtes et, en partie, universitaires. Enfin, l’auteure revient sur le concept d’« homonationalisme » et mobilise les concepts d’« hétérocirculation » des femmes et de « lesbonationalisme » pour décrire la situation actuelle et les modes d’agir des nouveaux groupes.
Coverage and quality of DNA barcode references for Central and Northern European Odonata
Authors: Geiger Matthias , Koblmüller Stephan , Assandri Giacomo , Chovanec Andreas , Ekrem Torbjørn , Fischer Iris , Galimberti Andrea , Grabowski Michał , Haring Elisabeth , Hausmann Axel , Hendrich Lars , Koch Stefan , Mamos Tomasz , Rothe Udo , Rulik Björn , Rewicz Tomasz , Sittenthaler Marcia , Stur Elisabeth , Tończyk Grzegorz , Zangl Lukas , Moriniere Jerome 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundDragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) are important components in biomonitoring due to their amphibiotic lifecycle and specific habitat requirements. They are charismatic and popular insects, but can be challenging to identify despite large size and often distinct coloration, especially the immature stages. DNA-based assessment tools rely on validated DNA barcode reference libraries evaluated in a supraregional context to minimize taxonomic incongruence and identification mismatches.MethodsThis study reports on findings from the analysis of the most comprehensive DNA barcode dataset for Central European Odonata to date, with 103 out of 145 recorded European species included and publicly deposited in the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD). The complete dataset includes 697 specimens (548 adults, 108 larvae) from 274 localities in 16 countries with a geographic emphasis on Central Europe. We used BOLD to generate sequence divergence metrics and to examine the taxonomic composition of the DNA barcode clusters within the dataset and in comparison with all data on BOLD.ResultsOver 88% of the species included can be readily identified using their DNA barcodes and the reference dataset provided. Considering the complete European dataset, unambiguous identification is hampered in 12 species due to weak mitochondrial differentiation and partial haplotype sharing. However, considering the known species distributions only two groups of five species possibly co-occur, leading to an unambiguous identification of more than 95% of the analysed Odonata via DNA barcoding in real applications. The cases of small interspecific genetic distances and the observed deep intraspecific variation inCordulia aenea(Linnaeus, 1758) are discussed in detail and the corresponding taxa in the public reference database are highlighted. They should be considered in future applications of DNA barcoding and metabarcoding and represent interesting evolutionary biological questions, which call for in depth analyses of the involved taxa throughout their distribution ranges.
Review of Oilfield Chemicals Used in Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Onojake M. Chukunedum , Waka T. Angela 
Published: May 2021

The petroleum industry includes the global processes of exploration, extraction, refining, transportation and marketing of natural gas, crude oil and refined petroleum products. The oil industry demands more sophisticated methods for the exploitation of petroleum. As a result, the use of oil field chemicals is becoming increasingly important and has received much attention in recent years due to the vast role they play in the recovery of hydrocarbons which has enormous commercial benefits. The three main sectors of the petroleum industry are Upstream, Midstream and Downstream. The Upstream deals with exploration and the subsequent production (drilling of exploration wells to recover oil and gas). In the Midstream sector, petroleum produced is transported through pipelines as natural gas, crude oil, and natural gas liquids. Downstream sector is basically involved in the processing of the raw materials obtained from the Upstream sector. The operations comprises of refining of crude oil, processing and purifying of natural gas. Oil field chemicals offers exceptional applications in these sectors with wide range of applications in operations such as improved oil recovery, drilling optimization, corrosion protection, mud loss prevention, drilling fluid stabilization in high pressure and high temperature environment, and many others. Application of a wide range of oilfield chemicals is therefore essential to rectify issues and concerns which may arise from oil and gas operational activities. This review intends to highlight some of the oil field chemicals and their positive applications in the oil and gas Industries.
The Solutions of Generalized Euler Function Equation φ_2(n-φ_2 (n))=2ω(n)
Authors: Yifan Xu , Zhongyan Shen 
Published: May 2021

By using the properties of Euler function, an upper bound of solutions of Euler function equation is given, where is a positive integer. By using the classification discussion and the upper bound we obtained, all positive integer solutions of the generalized Euler function equation are given, where is the number of distinct prime factors of n.
Techniques for Preservation of Post-extraction Alveolar Bone Loss: A Literature Review
Authors: Jana Shejali , Shah Rucha , Thomas Raison , Kumar A. B. Tarun , Mehta D. S. 
Published: May 2021

Sequelae to too the extraction includes progressive loss in the vertical and horizontal dimension of alveolar ridge. These lead to changes in the alveolar process in a 3 dimensional fashion causing hard and soft tissue deficiency which may affect the ability to restore the site. Preservation of the alveolar crest after tooth extraction is essential to maintain the vertical and horizontal dimensions of the alveolar ridge. Several techniques and materials have been introduced to minimize crestal bone loss. There is a broad consensus that ridge preservation procedures are efficient in limiting the post extraction dimensional loss of the ridge. However, the key to successful outcome is proper treatment planning according to the case and prognosis.
Conclusion: The aim of this literature review is to discuss the several bone preservation techniques and materials to minimize post-extraction loss of hard and soft tissues.
Evaluation of Sarcopenia by Ultrasound of the Rectus Femoris Muscle as a Predictor of Outcomes of Surgical Intensive Care Unit Patients, A Prospective, Observational Study
Authors: Hegazy Aya Hassan , El-Ghafar Mohammad Samir Abd , El-shmaa Nagat Sayed , Soliman Sohair Moustafa 
Published: May 2021

Background: Muscle wasting is a frequent finding in critically ill patients and is associated with worse short- and long term outcomes. Loss of mass and function of skeletal muscles starts early - in the first 24 hours after admission to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) - and may persist for years ‘Post-ICU syndrome’. Ultrasound of rectus femoris muscle is a valid and simple technique that could be used for longitudinal assessment of treatment success and facilitates the use of postoperative interventions that help in problems related to critical illness. The aim of this study is to evaluate sarcopenia by ultrasound of rectus femoris muscle as a predictor of outcomes of surgical intensive care unit.
Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was performed on 40 patients admitted to the surgical ICU, Tanta University Hospitals, Egypt, after approval of the Institutional Ethical Committee, Tanta University. The study started from April 2019 till January 2020. An informed consent was taken from the nearest relatives of the patients. All data of the patients was confidential with secret codes and private files for each patient. All given data was used for the current medical research only. Any unexpected risks appeared during the course of the research were cleared to the participants and ethical committee at time.
Results: Cross-sectional area of rectus femoris muscle decreased significantly at all-time measurements as compared to the baseline at day 0 (within 24 hours from SICU admission), 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30. There were negative correlations between delta cross-sectional area of rectus femoris muscle and age, height, weight, Body Mass Index and baseline cross-sectional area of rectus femoris muscle. There was a positive correlation between delta cross-sectional area of rectus femoris muscle and duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU length of stay and mortality.
Conclusion: Rectus femoris cross-sectional area measured by B-mode ultrasonography showed significant role in nutritional assessment as it decreases in critically ill patients with positive correlation with duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay.
Biochemical Methane Potential Assessment by Anaerobic Digestion of Locally Available Grasses of Phuentsholing, Bhutan
Authors: Choden Yeshi , Zangmo Samten , Tamang Saahin , Gyeltshen Thinley , Phuntshok Karma , Limboo Sanjita , Gyeltshen Tenzin Choden 
Published: May 2021

Renewable energy is not only environmental friendly but also promotes sustainable development. Biogas being one of the abundantly used renewable resource, the enhancement and optimization of the yield of biogas can help in reduction of dependence on imported fuel. Biochemical methane potential (BMP) assessment of grass will determine the production of methane (CH4) from this substrate through the process of anaerobic digestion. After determining the parameters such as pH, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Total solids (TS) of three types of local grasses known as Basil, Bermuda and Napier, that affects the production of biogas, Napier grass resulted with the highest potential to produce CH4 gas. Batch and continuous reactor method under mesophilic condition was adopted. The composition of biogas from continuous reactor was obtained using a biogas analyzer (Biogas 5000 Geotech), from which 30.8% of CH4,
8% of CO2 and other inert gases were found. Also, methane to carbon dioxide (CH4: CO2) ratio of 3.81: 1 approximately (80% - 20%) was achieved. Moreover, the batch reactor method showed that 1L Napier grass silage would yield 0.81L of biogas. The concentration of CH4 gas from Napier grass in hydraulic retention time as short as 20 days was very significant. This study shows that Napier grass can be used as an alternative sustainable source of energy in the country which can improve resource constraints.
Aspects related to the occurrence of workplace violence in hospital emergency rooms
Authors: Souza Amanda Alves Miranda de , Costa Weruska Alcoforado , Gurgel Allyne Karlla Cunha 
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Analisar os aspectos relacionados à violência ocupacional nos setores de urgência de um hospital situado em Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. Método: Estudo exploratório e descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado um questionário validado, cujos pesquisados eram as equipes de enfermagem dos setores selecionados. Resultados: Dentre os 86 questionados, 87,2% eram mulheres, 49,4% tinham ensino médio completo e 46,5% eram casados. A ocorrência da violência foi considerada normal por 82,9% e 91,8% dos sujeitos relataram nunca ter participado de algum treinamento sobre como agir no momento do ato de violência. Conclusão: É necessária a construção de políticas nacionais e institucionais que atuem sobre a violência, além da minimização da sua invisibilidade desde o ensino na graduação destes profissionais, até o ambiente laboral. Descritores: Condições de Trabalho, Equipe de Enfermagem, Qualidade de Vida, Saúde do Trabalhador, Violência.
Aldehyde‐Directed C(sp2)−H Functionalization under Transition‐Metal Catalysis
Authors: Luo Junfei , Fu Qiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDirecting group‐assisted C−H activation has been widely used to control regioselectivity in the field of transition‐metal‐catalyzed C−H functionalization. Common functionalities found in complex organic molecules and/or readily available reagents are the most appealing directing groups, as they circumvent the need to install/remove the directing group. The aldehyde group is an important functional group in many areas including pharmaceuticals and material science. In this review, we present the current state‐of‐the‐art in aldehyde‐assisted, transition‐metal‐catalyzed sp2 C−H functionalization of arenes.magnified image
High‐Performance BioNylons from Itaconic and Amino Acids with Pepsin Degradability
Authors: Ali Mohammad Asif , Kaneko Tatsuo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe use of renewable feedstock for polymers has led to poor thermomechanical properties with high production costs. Herein, the production of novel chiral dicarboxylic acids derived from renewable itaconic and amino acids (d‐ or l‐leucine) is reported. In this study, rigid chiral heterocyclic dicarboxylic acid monomers are obtained with high purity from itaconic acid‐derived dimethyl itaconate as a starting material. Chirally interactive polyamides are prepared via melt polycondensation of hexamethylenediamine with heterocyclic diacid monomers. Further studies are conducted on d‐ or l‐leucine‐derived polyamides with homochirality that are fully amorphous. In contrast, the crystallization degree of the composite of d‐leucine‐derived polymer chains with l‐leucine‐derived chains increases to 36%, presumably due to enhanced interaction between polymer chains with different chiralities. The chirally‐interacting composite shows a glass transition temperature, Tg, of approximately 117 °C and a melting temperature, Tm, of approximately 213 °C, which are higher than those of conventional polyamides such as polyamide 11 (Tg of approximately 57 °C). The composite also shows high Young's moduli, E, and mechanical strengths σ, ranging from 2.2–3.8 GPa and 86–108 MPa, respectively. In addition, the polyamides show degradability with a digestive enzyme, pepsin.