bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclic vomiting syndrome in a 27‐year‐old male: A case report
Authors: Arafat S.M. Yasir , Mondal Firoj , Ghimire Sabina , Perveen Irin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA 27‐year‐old man presented with post‐meal chest tightness followed by vomiting for 3 years. With a multidisciplinary approach, he was labeled as cyclical vomiting syndrome and treated with pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and lifestyle modifications.
Amino Acid and Peptide‐Based Antiviral Agents
Authors: Skwarecki Andrzej S. , Nowak Michał G. , Milewska Maria J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA significant number of antiviral agents used in clinical practice are amino acids, short peptides, or peptidomimetics. Among them, several HIV protease inhibitors (e. g. lopinavir, atazanavir), HCV protease inhibitors (e. g. grazoprevir, glecaprevir), and HCV NS5A protein inhibitors have contributed to a significant decrease in mortality from AIDS and hepatitis. However, there is an ongoing need for the discovery of new antiviral agents and the development of existing drugs; amino acids, both proteinogenic and non‐proteinogenic in nature, serve as convenient building blocks for this purpose. The synthesis of non‐proteinogenic amino acid components of antiviral agents could be challenging due to the need for enantiomerically or diastereomerically pure products. Herein, we present a concise review of antiviral agents whose structures are based on amino acids of both natural and unnatural origin. Special attention is paid to the synthetic aspects of non‐proteinogenic amino acid components of those agents.
Intellectual functioning among case‐matched cohorts of children treated with proton or photon radiation for standard‐risk medulloblastoma
Authors: Eaton Bree R. , Fong Grace W. , Ingerski Lisa M. , Pulsifer Margaret B. , Goyal Subir , Zhang Chao , Weyman Elizabeth A. , Esiashvili Natia , Klosky James L. , MacDonald Tobey J. , Ebb David H. , MacDonald Shannon M. , Tarbell Nancy J. , Yock Torunn I. 
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUNDProton therapy may reduce cognitive deficits after radiotherapy among brain tumor survivors, although current data are limited to retrospective comparisons between historical cohorts. The authors compared intelligence quotient scores within a case‐matched cohort of children with medulloblastoma treated with proton radiation (PRT) or photon radiation (XRT) over the same time period.METHODSAmong 88 consecutive patients with standard‐risk medulloblastoma treated with PRT or XRT at 2 institutions from 2000 to 2009, 50 were matched 1:1 (25 with PRT and 25 with XRT) according to age, gender, date of diagnosis, histology, radiation boost, and craniospinal irradiation dose. One‐way analyses of variance were performed to compare the Full‐Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ) and associated index scores between the 2 cohorts.RESULTSNeurocognitive data were available for 37 survivors (17 with PRT and 20 with XRT) from the matched cohort. The mean age was 8.5 years (SD, 4.14 years). The median follow‐up was 5.3 years (range, 1.0‐11.4 years) and 4.6 years (range, 1.1‐11.2 years) for the PRT and XRT cohorts, respectively (P = .193). Patients treated with PRT had significantly higher mean FSIQ (99.6 vs 86.2; P = .021), verbal (105.2 vs 88.6; P = .010), and nonverbal scores (103.1 vs 88.9; P = .011) than the XRT‐treated cohort. Differences in processing speed (82.9 vs 77.2; P = .331) and working memory (97.0 vs 92.7; P = .388) were not statistically significant.CONCLUSIONSRadiotherapy‐associated cognitive effects appear to be more attenuated after proton therapy. Comprehensive prospective studies are needed to appropriately evaluate the neurocognitive advantages of proton therapy.
The importance of time‐to‐adjuvant treatment on survival with pancreatic cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sugumar Kavin , Hue Jonathan J. , De La Serna Solanus , Rothermel Luke D. , Ocuin Lee M. , Hardacre Jeffrey M. , Ammori John B. , Winter Jordan M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhile adjuvant chemotherapy benefits patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the importance of the time to initiation of adjuvant therapy remains unclear.AimThis study seeks to better understand whether the timing of postoperative chemotherapy initiation affects long‐term outcomes in PDAC.Methods and ResultsA systematic literature search was performed in Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library in March 2020. Studies focused on the association between the timing of adjuvant therapy on long‐term outcomes in resected PDAC patients were included. The impact of early and delayed therapy as defined by the respective studies was evaluated using forest plot analysis. Overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) served as primary endpoints. Out of 3099 published articles, 10 retrospective studies met inclusion criteria. Combined, these studies included clinical data of 13 344 patients. The cut off used to define “early” and “delayed” treatment groups varied in the included studies ranging from 3 to 12 weeks. Due to this heterogeneity, a sub‐group analysis of three time cut offs was performed: 3 to 5 weeks, 6 to 8 weeks, and 9 to 12 weeks. There was a significant decrease in OS and DFS when adjuvant therapy was delayed by 3 to 5 weeks after surgery (OS, pooled hazard ratio [HR] = 1.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.25‐2.78; DFS, pooled HR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.12‐2.34). However, due to small sample size and limited studies in this subgroup analysis, the results may be indeterminate. There was no significant decrease in OS with delayed initiation of adjuvant therapy by 6 to 8 weeks and 9 to 12 weeks. Similarly, delay in adjuvant therapy beyond 3‐5 weeks.ConclusionsThere was no conclusive evidence suggesting improved survival in patients starting treatment at various time cut offs. Studies investigating the extreme ends of the time‐to‐treatment spectrum may prove more informative.
Multi‐ancestral origin of intestinal tumors: Impact on growth, progression, and drug efficacy
Authors: Leystra Alyssa A. , Gilsdorf Brock J. , Wisinger Amanda M. , Warda Elise R. , Wiegand Shanna , Zahm Christopher D. , Matkowskyj Kristina A. , Deming Dustin A. , Khan Naghma , Rosemarie Quincy , Sievers Chelsie K. , Schwartz Alexander R. , Albrecht Dawn M. , Clipson Linda , Mukhtar Hasan , Newton Michael A. , Halberg Richard B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundData are steadily accruing that demonstrate that intestinal tumors are frequently derived from multiple founding cells, resulting in tumors comprised of distinct ancestral clones that might cooperate or alternatively compete, thereby potentially impacting different phases of the disease process.AimWe sought to determine whether tumors with a multi‐ancestral architecture involving at least two distinct clones show increased tumor number, growth, progression, or resistance to drug intervention.MethodsMice carrying the Min allele of Apc were generated that were mosaic with only a subset of cells in the intestinal epithelium expressing an activated form of PI3K, a key regulatory kinase affecting several important cellular processes. These cells were identifiable as they fluoresced green, whereas all other cells fluoresced red.ResultsCell lineage tracing revealed that many intestinal tumors from our mouse model were derived from at least two founding cells, those expressing the activated PI3K (green) and those which did not (red). Heterotypic tumors with a multi‐ancestral architecture as evidenced by a mixture of green and red cells exhibited increased tumor growth and invasiveness. Clonal architecture also had an impact on tumor response to low‐dose aspirin. Aspirin treatment resulted in a greater reduction of heterotypic tumors derived from multiple founding cells as compared to tumors derived from a single founding cell.ConclusionThese data indicate that genetically distinct tumor‐founding cells can contribute to early intratumoral heterogeneity. The coevolution of the founding cells and their progeny enhances colon tumor progression and impacts the response to aspirin. These findings are important to a more complete understanding of tumorigenesis with consequences for several distinct models of tumor evolution. They also have practical implications to the clinic. Mouse models with heterogenous tumors are likely better for predicting drug efficacy as compared to models in which the tumors are highly homogeneous. Moreover, understanding how interactions among different populations in a single heterotypic tumor with a multi‐ancestral architecture impact response to a single agent and combination therapies are necessary to fully develop personalized medicine.
Boron Tunneling in the “Weak” Bond‐Stretch Isomerization of N−B Lewis Adducts
Authors: Nandi Ashim , Tarannam Naziha , Rodrigues Silva Daniela , Fonseca Guerra Célia , Hamlin Trevor A. , Kozuch Sebastian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSome nitrile‐boron halide adducts exhibit a double‐well potential energy surface with two distinct minima: a “long bond” geometry (LB, a van der Waals interaction mostly based on electrostatics, but including a residual charge transfer component) and a “short bond” structure (SB, a covalent dative bond). This behavior can be considered as a “weak” form of bond stretch isomerism. Our computations reveal that complexes RCN−BX3 (R=CH3, FCH2, BrCH2, and X=Cl, Br) exhibit a fast interconversion from LB to SB geometries even close to the absolute zero thanks to a boron atom tunneling mechanism. The computed half‐lives of the meta‐stable LB compounds vary between minutes to nanoseconds at cryogenic conditions. Accordingly, we predict that the long bond structures are practically impossible to isolate or characterize, which agrees with previous matrix‐isolation experiments.
Nitrogen source effects on canola (Brassica napus L.) grown under conservation agriculture in South Africa
Authors: Crous Izane R , Labuschagne Johan , Swanepoel Pieter A 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCanola (Brassicanapus L.) growth and yield can be enhanced by, amongst others, choosing the correct rate, source, and timing of N fertilizer. Limited research exists on the effects of nitrogen (N) source on canola growth and yield properties when grown under conservation agriculture. This study compared the performance of different N fertilizer sources on canola biomass production, seed yield, and oil content. Field trials were conducted from 2016 to 2019 at five sites in the Western Cape Province of South Africa which is characterized by a Mediterranean climate. Nitrogen fertilizer source had no effect (p > .05) on biomass production or oil content at any site. Sufficient soil water levels and warm daily temperatures led to greater biomass production regardless of nitrogen source. Oil content was determined by the presence of rainfall during the flowering and seed filling stages. The effect of N source on yield varied among sites in accordance with timing of fertilizer application in relation to rainfall. The urea + urease inhibitor N source led to greater (p < .05) yields than the urea N source without the inhibitor at the Darling site, regardless of the soil water conditions. Mean yield values of all seasons and sites indicated that urea + urease inhibitor fertilizer to be the most reliable N source to ensure optimal yields over the long‐term.
Recent Progress on Intercalation‐Based Anode Materials for Low‐Cost Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Zheng‐Guang , Du Rui , He Xiang‐Xi , Wang Jia‐Cheng , Qiao Yun , Li Li , Chou Shu‐Lei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntercalation‐based anode materials can be considered as the most promising anode candidates for large‐scale sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), owing to their long‐term cycling stability and environmental friendliness, as well as their natural abundance. Nevertheless, their low energy density, low initial coulombic efficiency, and poor cycling lifespan, as well as sluggish sodium diffusion dynamics are still the main issues for the application of intercalation‐based anode materials in SIBs in terms of meeting the benchmark requirements for commercialization. Over the past few years, tremendous efforts have been devoted to improving the performance of SIBs. In this Review, recent progress in the development of intercalation‐based anode materials, including TiO2, Li4Ti5O12, Na2Ti3O7, and NaTi2(PO4)3, is summarized in terms of their sodium storage performance, critical issues, sodiation/desodiation behavior, and effective strategies to enhance their electrochemical performance. Additionally, challenges and perspectives are provided to further understand these intercalation‐based anode materials.
Time‐sequenced transcriptomes of developing distal mouse limb buds: A comparative tissue layer analysis
Authors: Fernandez‐Guerrero Marc , Zdral Sofia , Castilla‐Ibeas Alejandro , Lopez‐Delisle Lucille , Duboule Denis , Ros Marian A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe development of the amniote limb has been an important model system to study patterning mechanisms and morphogenesis. For proper growth and patterning, it requires the interaction between the distal sub‐apical mesenchyme and the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) that involve the separate implementation of coordinated and tissue‐specific genetic programs.ResultsHere, we produce and analyze the transcriptomes of both distal limb mesenchymal progenitors and the overlying ectodermal cells, following time‐coursed dissections that cover from limb bud initiation to fully patterned limbs. The comparison of transcriptomes within each layer as well as between layers over time, allowed the identification of specific transcriptional signatures for each of the developmental stages. Special attention was given to the identification of genes whose transcription dynamics suggest a previously unnoticed role in the context of limb development and also to signaling pathways enriched between layers.ConclusionWe interpret the transcriptomic data in light of the known development pattern and we conclude that a major transcriptional transition occurs in distal limb buds between E9.5 and E10.5, coincident with the switch from an early phase continuation of the signature of trunk progenitors, related to the initial proximo distal specification, to a late intrinsic phase of development.
Evidence of absence regression: a binomial N‐mixture model for estimating fatalities at wind energy facilities
Authors: McDonald Trent , Bay Kimberly , Studyvin Jared , Leckband Jesse , Schorg Amber , McIvor Jennifer 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEstimating bird and bat fatalities caused by wind‐turbine facilities is challenging when carcasses are rare and produce counts that are either exactly or very near zero. The rarity of found carcasses is exacerbated when live members of a particular species are rare and when carcasses degrade quickly, are removed by scavengers, or are not detected by observers. With few observed carcass counts, common statistical methods like logistic, Poisson, or negative binomial regression are unreliable (statistically biased) and often fail to provide answers (i.e., fail to converge). Here, we propose a binomial N‐mixture model that estimates fatality rates as well as the total number of carcasses when rates are expanded. Our model extends the “evidence of absence” model by relating carcass deposition rates to study covariates and by incorporating terms that naturally scale counts from facilities of different sizes. Our model, which we call Evidence of Absence Regression (EoAR), can estimate the total number of birds or bats killed at a single wind energy facility or a fleet of wind energy facilities based on covariate values. Furthermore, with accurate prior distributions the model's results are extremely robust to sparse data and unobserved combinations of covariate values. In this paper, we describe the model, show its low bias and high precision via computer simulation, and apply it to bat carcass counts observed at 21 wind energy facilities in Iowa.
Low‐applied Potential Non‐enzymatic Glucose Sensor Based on Ultrathin 2‐D CuS Nanowall Arrays
Authors: Zhou Xun , Ling Shuqi , Lin Zihan , Wu Yongxiang , Bao Jie , Liu Xiao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe 2‐D nanostructure, due to unprecedented physical, electronic, and chemical properties, was widely dedicated to the zooms of electrocatalysis, batteries, supercapacitors, solar cells, photocatalysis and sensing platforms. Herein, we reported a sort of low‐applied potential non‐enzymatic glucose sensor, which used ultrathin 2‐D CuS nanowall arrays (CuS‐NWAs) fabricated directly onto fluorine‐doped tin oxide glass by potentiostatically deposition approach. Meaningfully, the potentiostatical‐deposition time can control precisely the frame of 2‐D CuS‐NWAs on size and thickness and assist to ferret out the growing mechanization by analyzing the copper valence. Then, CuS‐NWAs‐based non‐enzymatic glucose sensor presented the high sensitivity (2610 μA mM−1 cm−2), a low detection of 17 nM, fast respond time (1.5–6.2 s) and low detection limits (2.6–17.7 nM, S/N=3) regardless of an applied potential as low as 0.33 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), attributed to that the 2‐D CuS‐NWAs offer large active area with numerous exposed active points, a low‐resistance electron‐shuttling passage and door‐opened glucose‐diffusion channel. Additionally, it was found that the sensitivity of CuS‐NWAs‐based non‐enzymatic glucose sensors can be optimized by altering electrodeposition duration for CuS‐NWAs growth. Confirmedly, the 2‐D CuS‐NWAs can be promised as a new system for high‐performance electrochemical sensors with excellent properties of selectivity, stability and reproducibility.
Development of Enzyme Conductometric Biosensor for Dopamine Determination in Aqueous Samples
Authors: Soldatkin O. O. , Kucherenko I. S. , Siediuko D. V. , Kucherenko D. Yu. , Dzyadevych S. V. , Soldatkin A. P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDopamine is a biologically active chemical that performs a number of vital functions as a hormone and neurotransmitter. Therefore, the determination of dopamine concentration in the human body is important for biomedical research. The content of dopamine in the blood varies depending on the age of a healthy person and can serve as a prognostic marker of many diseases. The aim of this work was to develop a new enzyme conductometric biosensor for the determination of dopamine in aqueous samples and to study the biosensor's analytical characteristics. The conductometric method of analysis with differential measurement mode was used in the work. Two pairs of gold interdigitated electrodes deposited on a sitall substrate were used as a conductometric transducer. The biorecognition element of the biosensor was based on laccase immobilized by glutaraldehyde cross‐linking. The optimal conditions of laccase immobilization were selected. The influence of solution parameters (ionic strength, pH, buffer capacity) on the biosensor work was investigated. The biosensors demonstrated high sensitivity to dopamine (minimum limit of detection −7.8 μM) with the linear range up to 1 mM. The biosensor was highly selective and reusable. The proposed biosensor was tested regarding the possibility of its long‐term storage under different conditions. The developed conductometric biosensor was proven to be suitable for measuring dopamine concentration in biological and pharmaceutical samples.
A versatile ceramic capillary membrane reactor system for continuous enzyme‐catalyzed hydrolysis
Authors: Messner Lorn , Antink Marieke H. , Guo Tongwei , Maas Michael , Beutel Sascha 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs an alternative to classical batch processes, enzyme‐catalyzed hydrolysis can also be carried out continuously. To facilitate this, a continuous ceramic capillary membrane reactor system (CCCMRS) was developed which can be operated with various proteolytic enzymes immobilized on the porous ceramic capillary membranes. This system has several advantages over common batch processes regarding stability, reproducibility and controllability and can easily be adapted to optimal reaction conditions and individual preferences. Two exemplary applications utilizing the CCCMRS were carried out and investigated in long‐term stability studies. In the first application the continuous enzymatic cleavage of human IgG into the antibody fragments Fab and Fc by immobilized papain was performed. A total volume of 22 mL of 1 mg mL‐1 IgG‐solution was enzymatically cleaved over a period of 33.3 h. The antibody cleavage products could be detected in an SEC‐HPLC over the whole process time thus indicating long‐term stability of the continuous hydrolysis process. The second application investigated the continuous digestion of pea and almond protein isolates by immobilized Alcalase resulting in the generation of a large variety of different peptides. This peptide fingerprint remains constant over a long period of time enabling fractionation and thus making the peptides accessible for further bioactivity studies in sufficient quantities. The constant peptide fingerprint could be shown in the RP‐HPLC analysis for all 30 samples with a total volume of 29.7 mL collected over a period of 45 h.
Integrating Bioavailability of Metals in Fish Population Models
Authors: Janssen Sharon D. , Viaene Karel P.J. , Van Sprang Patrick , De Schamphelaere Karel A.C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Population models are increasingly being used to extrapolate individual-level effects of chemicals, including metals, to population-level effects. For metals, it is also important to take into account their bioavailability to correctly predict metal toxicity in natural waters. However, to our knowledge, no models exist that integrate metal bioavailability into population modeling. Therefore, our main aims were to 1) incorporate the bioavailability of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) into an individual-based model (IBM) of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and 2) predict how survival-time concentration data translate to population-level effects. For each test water, reduced versions of the general unified threshold model of survival (GUTS-RED) were calibrated using the complete survival-time concentration data. The GUTS-RED individual tolerance (IT) showed the best fit in the different test waters. Little variation between the different test waters was found for 2 GUTS-RED-IT parameters. The GUTS-RED-IT parameter “median of distribution of thresholds” (mw) showed a strong positive relation with the Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and H+ ion activities. Therefore, mw formed the base of the calibrated GUTS bioavailability model (GUTS-BLM), which predicted 30-d x% lethal concentration (LCx) values within a 2-fold error. The GUTS-BLM was combined with an IBM, inSTREAM-Gen, into a GUTS-BLM-IBM. Assuming that juvenile survival was the only effect of Cu and Zn exposure, population-level effect concentrations were predicted to be 1.3 to 6.2 times higher than 30-d laboratory LCx values, with the larger differences being associated with higher interindividual variation of metal sensitivity. The proposed GUTS-BLM-IBM model can provide insight into metal bioavailability and effects at the population level and could be further improved by incorporating sublethal effects of Cu and Zn. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2764–2780. © 2021 SETAC