bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSXIV-10 Ruminal microbiome of cattle changes with the feeding of fat-containing fish supplements
Authors: Shajahmetova Elvina , Ryazanov Vitalii S , Shejjda Elena , Lebedev Svyatoslav , Miroshnikov Sergej , Duskaev Galimzhan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
There is insufficient information on the effect of different sources of fat in the diet on the activity and composition of the ruminal microbiome of cattle. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of secondary raw materials - fish oil (1 ml per 100 ml of ruminal fluid; FO) on the microbiome rum of cattle against the background of control (c). The experiment was conducted using the ruminal liquid of the Bulls of the dairy breed (age 12 months, The average live weight of 240–245 kg, diet: hay-70%; grain feed-30%). As a model in vitro used incubator ANKOM Daisy II (USA). Microflora was analyzed with the help of high-performance 16S sequencing of RRNA genes (Illumina). (R≤0.05), which included classes of clostridium (28.6%), bacilli (15.1%), Negativicutes (10.5%), two large families Ruminococcaceae (7.6%) and Lachnospiraceae (16.5%) Bacteroids (39.2%), which included Bacteroidia (38.0%), Preellaceae (25.0%), Prevottell (22.4%). (R≤0.05), Verrucomicrobia (4.5%) (R≤0.05). Clostridia bacteria decreased by 13.8% and Negativicutes by 7.2% compared to C. Fo use showed an increase in bacterial content for bacteroids (57.7%) (R≤0.05) and selected families: Prevotellaceae (32.6%), unclassified Bacteroidales (19.02%), Porrophymonadacee (4.7%) and childbirth: Prevotella (28.8%), Paraprevotella (2.4%). and The Class 5 unit (4.5%) for the FO group showed significant growth. This study was carried out with the financial support of the 0761-2019-0005 project.
PSXIV-12 Sources of variation in the nutritive value of hemp seed meal
Authors: Jacobson Kristen J , Kinman Lea A , Smith William B , Muir James P 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The 2018 Farm Bill, with its groundbreaking hemp legislation, offered an alternative protein source to livestock producers. Hemp is the agricultural product of Cannabis sativa L. which must contain less than 0.3% tetrahydrocannabinol, the psychoactive component common to marijuana. Hemp oil, cold-pressed from C. sativa seed, has been gaining popularity over recent years for its use in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and human food products. Like most oilseeds, this leaves an oilseed meal with a potential for inclusion in livestock feeds. Thus, our objective was to quantify the sources of variation in the nutritive value of hempseed meal. Hempseed meal samples were obtained from commercial oil processing facilities (n = 4). Across these facilities, samples represented 15 independent hempseed meal batches. Our experimental design was a completely randomized design including the random effects of source, batch within source, and replicate within batch by source (laboratory replication). Samples were assayed for NDF, ADF, ADL, CP, and IVTD. Source had no contribution to variance for NDF, ADF, ADL, or CP (P ≥ 0.20). However, batch within source had a significant contribution to variation for NDF (μ = 50.1%; P = 0.01), ADF (μ = 36.8%; P = 0.01), ADL (μ = 12.9%; P &lt; 0.01), and CP (μ = 30.9%; P &lt; 0.01). Irrespective of the differences in nutritive value, there was no contribution to variation (P ≥ 0.23) of any measured effect on IVTD (μ = 53.0%). Results are interpreted to mean that, while variation exists among hempseed meal samples with respect to nutritive value, the viability of hempseed meal as a livestock feed source is strong.
PSXVI-26 Using synchrotron/globar techniques to reveal synergistic and interactive association between molecular structures and nutrient supply in enzymatic and thermal treated oat tissue and whole grain
Authors: Lang C , Yu P 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
As an advanced technique, synchrotron radiation-based microspectroscopy SR-FTIRM has been a rapid, direct, non-destructive and non-invasive bioanalytical method. Globar molecular spectroscopic technique -attenuated total reflectance-ATR-FTIR spectroscopy will be used. For this research, feed type CDC Nasser, forage type CDC haymaker, and milling types CDC Arborg and Summit with three consecutive years are studied. There are three treatments for oat samples: Treatment 1, steam pressure processing alone; Treatment 2, adding innovative fibrolytic enzyme; Treatment 3, steam pressure processing plus fibrolytic enzyme. Each treatment combination has three replications. The objectives of this research are to detect the molecular structure spectral features of processed oat endosperm tissues at a molecular and cellular level in relation to chemical profiles, protein and carbohydrate fractions, energy profiles, degradation kinetics, intestinal digestibility, microbial protein production and true nutrient supply of whole oat grains. This research reveals the interactive association between induced molecular structure changes and nutrient properties and true nutrient supply. This research is also to increase economic returns to oat producers and related dairy industries through efficient utilization of feed-type or milling type of oat grains.
PSXI-26 Blend of essential oils supplemented alone or combined with exogenous amylase compared with virginiamycin on performance of finishing lambs
Authors: Arteaga-Wences Yesica , Estrada-Angulo Alfredo , Franco Manuel , Vasconcellos Guilherme S , Acedo Tiago S , de Carvalho Victor Valério , Perdigão Alexandre , Castro-Pérez Beatriz , Ríos-Rincón Francisco , Urías-Estrada Jesús , Barreras Alberto , Plascencia Alejandro 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Forty-eight Pelibuey × Katahdin (27.87±4.71 kg) intact lambs were used in a growth-performance trial lasted 87 days to assess the effects of treatments. Lambs were assigned to one of six weight groupings in 24 pens (6 replicas per treatment). Basal diet was comprised by cracked corn (14% CP and 2.08 Mcal ENm/kg) and was supplemented as follows: 1) No additives (Control); 2) supplemented with a blend of essential oils at dose of 150 mg EO/kg diet DM (EO, CRINA® Ruminants, DSM Nutritional Products); 3) supplemented with 150 mg EO plus 560 mg alpha-amylase/kg diet DM (EO+ENZ, RONOZYME® Rumistar, DSM Nutritional Products), and 4) supplemented with antibiotic virginiamycin (VM, Stafac 500, Phibro Animal Health) at dose of 28 mg virginiamycin/kg diet DM. Growth performance and dietary energetics were very similar (P &gt; 0.97) between EO and VM. In such way that, compared to Control, lambs supplemented with EO and VM tended (P = 0.09) to shown greater final weight (3.1%) and average daily gain (ADG; 5.9%) without difference on DMI (P = 0.99); thus, gain-to-feed ratio (GF) and observed dietary net energy (NE) were average improved in 5.7% (P &lt; 0.01). Compared to Controls, combining EO plus ENZ tended to increased DMI (6.8%, P = 0.09), but increased in 10.4% ADG (P &lt; 0.01) and in 4.4% (P = 0.02) feed efficiency. Lambs supplemented with EO shown lower (P ≤ 0.10) kidney-pelvic-heart fat than Controls and VM lambs. Compared to Controls, additive supplementation decreased (P ≤ 0.03) the relative weight of intestines, the effect being more pronounced with EO supplementation. Compared to VM, supplemental EO (alone or combined with enzyme) shown lower (10.1%, P ≤ 0.04) visceral fat. Supplemental essential oils is a viable alternative to virginiamycin in finishing high-energy diets for lambs. Combining essential oils plus amylase can be a strategy to promote better daily gain weights allowing target final weight at shorter time.
PSXI-29 Effects of feed restriction on blood constituent concentrations in hair sheep
Authors: Tadesse Dereje L , Puchala Ryszard , Gipson Terry A , Goetsch Arthur L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Forty-six Dorper, 47 Katahdin, and 41 St. Croix female sheep (initial body weight of 62, 62, and 51 kg, respectively, SEM=1.43; 3.8±0.18 yr of age) from 45 commercial farms in Midwest, Northwest, Southeast, and central Texas regions of the United States were used to evaluate effects of feed restriction on concentrations of blood constituents. A 50% concentrate pelleted diet was fed, with the amount varied in the first 4 wk to achieve stable BW. The amount of feed offered in wk 5–10 was set at 55% of that consumed in wk 3–4. Blood was sampled at the end of wk 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10, with constituent levels in wk 4 and 10 assumed relevant to conditions with different maintenance energy requirements (i.e., fed at maintenance and approximately 43% lower with restricted intake). There were some differences among breeds such as ones based on samples collected at all times in urea nitrogen (14.0, 13.7, and 15.4 mg/dl; SEM=0.31) and creatinine (0.945, 0.836, and 0.809 mg/dl for Dorper, Katahdin, and St. Croix, respectively; SEM=0.0253) but relatively few among regions and only one interaction between week and breed or region. There was a trend for a difference (P = 0.051) between wk 4 and 10 in the concentration of glucose (51.9 and 54.2 mg/dl; SEM=0.90), and there were differences (P &lt; 0.05) in levels of lactate (23.9 and 20.3 mg/dl; SEM=0.89), urea N (16.4 and 13.0 mg/dl; SEM= 0.25), creatinine (0.808 and 0.919 mg/dl; SEM=0.0165), triglycerides (31.8 and 25.5 mg/dl; SEM=0.63), cholesterol (67.5 and 74.7 mg/dl; SEM=1.66), and cortisol (10.55 and 8.31 ng/ml for wk 4 and 10, respectively; SEM=0.0542). In conclusion, similar responses of different hair sheep breeds in blood constituent levels to feed restriction is in accordance with comparable effects on body weight and the maintenance energy requirement previously reported.
PSXII-29 Evaluation of Barbados Blackbelly and St. Croix sheep under accelerated lambing using purebred and terminal sire mating: Lamb survival and body weight
Authors: Wildeus Stephan , Murphy Tom , O’Brien Dahlia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objectives were to evaluate lamb survival and body weight (BW) under an accelerated, pasture-lambing system. Lambs were born to Barbados Blackbelly (BB) or St. Croix dams (SC) mated within breed (purebred) or to Dorset (terminal) in single sire mating groups. Lambs were born in April (2013 and 2015), December (2013 and 2015), and August (2014 and 2016) and weaned at 9 weeks of age. Traits considered were BW at birth (BW0; n = 959), 65-d adjusted weaning BW (BW65; n = 788), and survival to weaning (n = 959). Data were analyzed with fixed effects of dam age, sex, birth type, dam breed (BB vs SC), dam mating system (purebred vs terminal), birth month-year, and significant two-way interactions and a random dam effect. Dam breed did not impact BW65 (P = 0.09). While BW0 was greater for lambs born to SC than BB dams (3.44 vs 3.23 kg; P &lt; 0.01), survival to weaning was greater for lambs born to BB than SC dams (0.93 vs. 0.87; P = 0.02). The dam mating system x birth month-year interaction was significant for both BW traits (P ≤ 0.01). Within birth month-year, BW0 was 18 to 24% greater and BW65 was 12 to 24% greater for terminal than purebred lambs (P &lt; 0.01). However, BW0 differences between dam mating systems were greatest for August born lambs whereas BW65 differences were greatest for April born lambs. Lamb survival was not affected by dam mating system or birth month-year (P ≥ 0.27). Using a terminal sire improved BW without affecting survival of lambs reared by landrace hair sheep dams, making this a viable management tool to increase productivity of forage-based production systems.
PSXII-26 Effects of levels of brackish water and NaCl on water and feed intake by different breeds of goat and hair sheep yearlings
Authors: Ribeiro Luana , Puchala Ryszard , Moehlenpah Alexi , Merera Chala , Goetsch Arthur L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Angora, Boer, and Spanish doelings and Dorper, Katahdin, and St. Croix ewe lambs (6 per type; initial age=296±2.1 d) consumed water varying in mineral levels of a natural brackish source (BR) and NaCl (SL) to determine effects on water and feed intake. There were 6 simultaneous 6×6 Latin squares with 3-wk periods. Water treatments (WT) were fresh (FR), BR alone (100-BR), similar total dissolved salt (TDS) level as 100-BR via NaCl addition to FR (100-SL), BR with concentrations of all minerals increased by 50% (150-BW), the same TDS level as 150-BR by NaCl addition to FR (150-SL), and the 150 TDS level by addition of a 1:1 mixture of BR minerals and NaCl to 100-BR (150-BR/SL). Concentrations (mg/kg) in BR were 4,928 TDS, 85.9 bicarbonate, 225 calcium, 1,175 chloride, 60.5 magnesium, 4.59 potassium, 1,387 sodium, 1,962 sulfate, and 8.3 boron, and TDS in other WT was 453, 5,684, 7,508, 8,222, and 7,319 for FR, 100-SL, 150-BR, 150-SL, and 150-BR/SL, respectively. Wheat hay (10% crude protein, 66.8% neutral detergent fiber, and 8.5% acid detergent lignin) was consumed ad libitum. There were no AT×WT interactions in water or feed intake. Water intake was affected by animal type (AT) and WT (P = 0.019 and 0.038, respectively), with values of 5.21, 4.06, 3.88, 4.65, 5.69, and 4.97% body weight (BW) for Angora, Boer, Spanish, Dorper, Katahdin, and St. Croix (SEM=0.388) and 4.66, 4.50, 4.61, 4.42, 5.30, and 4.96% BW for FR, 100-BR, 100-SL, 150-BR, 150-SL, and 150-BR/SL, respectively (SEM=0.249). Dry matter intake did not differ among WT (P = 0.573) but was affected by AT (P = 0.002), with values of 2.04, 2,54, 2.58, 2.72, 2.99, and 3.06% BW for FR, 100-BR, 100-SL, 150-BR, 150-SL, and 150-BR/SL, respectively (SEM=0.161). In conclusion, based on feed intake all AT seemed resilient to these WT with TDS less than 10,000 mg/kg.
PSXII-24 Effects of feeding levels on digestibility, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites of growing Korean native goats (Capra hircus coreanae)
Authors: Lee Jinwook , Choi Bong-Hwan , Lee Sung-Soo , Kim Dong-Kyo , Lee Eun-Do , Roh Hee-Jong , Kim Kwan-Woo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of feeding levels on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites of growing Korean native goats. Five growing bucks (19.5±1.4 kg) with an average age of 5 months were randomly allocated to one of five feeding levels [maintenance (M), 1.1 x M, 1.2 x M, 1.4 x M, and 1.6 x M]. The experimental design was 5 × 5 Latin square design and all animals were housed individual pens (1.2 m × 0.9 m) for an adaption period of 2 weeks and collection period for 1 weeks. Rumen samples were collected before morning feeding using oral stomach tube. Nutrient digestibility increased linearly in goat as feeding level increased (P &lt; 0.01), but body weight did not differ among feeding levels. Rumen pH and ammonia nitrogen concentration showed no significantly differences among feeding levels. The total and individual volatile fatty acids concentration increased linearly (P &lt; 0.01) and quadratically (P &lt; 0.05) with increased feeding levels. Blood metabolites did not differ among feeding levels. The fecal energy loss was not influenced by feeding levels, but digestible energy was increased linearly (P &lt; 0.01) and quadratically (P &lt; 0.05) with increased feeding levels. The metabolizable energy requirement was estimated using quadratic line model and ranged from 154 to 163 kcal per metabolic body weight based on average daily gain and ME intake. These results suggest that higher feeding levels of growing goat increases digestibility and nutrient utilization efficiency in the rumen. These results serve as a basis for the establishment of goat feeding programs at the farm scale in the Republic of Korea.
PSXII-30 Genetic and phenotypic correlations for growth and resistance to gastrointestinal parasitism in meat goats and hair sheep
Authors: Tsukahara Yoko , Gipson Terry A , Hart Steven P , Dawson Lionel J , Wang Zaisen , Puchala Ryszard , Sahlu Tilahun , Goetsch Arthur L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Genetic and phenotypic correlations for growth and response to parasite infection traits were estimated for growing male meat goats and hair sheep from different farms in the southcentral United States during three consecutive central performance tests (CPT). Data were collected for 7–10 wk after artificial infection with Haemonchus contortus, which included average daily gain (ADG), fecal egg count (FEC), packed cell volume (PCV), and immunoglobin (Ig) levels. Animals evaluated were selected randomly in year 1 and in years 2 and 3 progeny of CPT sires classified as highly or moderately resistant and included 46, 50, and 51 Boer, Kiko, and Spanish goats and 59, 61, 34, and 46 Dorper, Katahdin-farm A, Katahdin-farm B, and St. Croix sheep, respectively. Females were classified accordingly on-farm based on FEC and FAMACHA. Pedigree records included 4 and 10 full-sibs and 97 and 149 half-sibs for goats and sheep, respectively. Variance components and correlations were estimated by AIREML using WOMBAT with a multivariate animal model. The additive genetic correlation between FEC and PCV was negative for goats (r=-041, P &lt; 0.001) but positive for sheep (r=0.21, P = 0.004), whereas the phenotypic correlation between FEC and PCV was nonsignificant for goats but negative for sheep (r=-0.252, P &lt; 0.001). The genetic correlation between FEC and IgA was positive (r=0.39, P &lt; 0.001) for goats but nonsignificant (P = 0.439) for sheep, whereas those of FEC with IgM and IgG were both negative (r=-0.369 and -0.732 with IgM and r=-0.284 and -0.702 for goats and sheep, respectively; P &lt; 0.001). Genetic and phenotypic correlations between ADG and FEC were nonsignificant for both species. In conclusion, different relationships of FEC and PCV between species require careful attention during selection and the lack of relationship between ADG and FEC suggests that selection of growing male meat goats and hair sheep for resistance to internal parasitism will not adversely affect growth performance.
PSXIV-19 Heritability for growth and resistance to gastrointestinal parasitism in meat goats and hair sheep
Authors: Tsukahara Yoko , Gipson Terry A , Hart Steven P , Dawson Lionel J , Wang Zaisen , Puchala Ryszard , Sahlu Tilahun , Goetsch Arthur L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Genetic selection for resistance to internal parasitism is of great research interest. Heritabilities were determined for average daily gain (ADG), logarithmic transformed fecal egg count (FEC), packed cell volume (PCV), and serum immunoglobin (Ig) levels of growing male meat goats and hair sheep from different farms in the southcentral USA during three consecutive central performance tests (CPT). Tests entailed 7–10 wk of data collection after artificial infection with Haemonchus contortus. In year 1, animals evaluated were selected randomly and in years 2 and 3 progeny of CPT sires classified as highly or moderately resistant, which included 46, 50, and 51 Boer, Kiko, and Spanish and 59, 61, 34, and 46 Dorper, Katahdin-farm A, Katahdin-farm B, and St. Croix, respectively. Females were classified accordingly on-farm based on FEC and FAMACHA. Pedigree records consisted of 32 and 57 known sires, 95 and 152 known dams including 4 and 10 full-sibs and 97 and 149 half-sibs for goats and sheep, respectively. Variance components and heritabilities were estimated by AIREML using WOMBAT with a multivariate animal model. Heritability estimates were 0.48 ± 0.214 and 0.85 ± 0.157 of ADG, 0.31 ± 0.237 and 0.20 ± 0.172 of FEC, 0.60 ± 0.206 and 0.24 ± 0.185 of PCV, 0.26 ± 0.172 and 0.51 ± 0.167 of IgA, 0.335 and 0.543 of IgM, and 0.14 ± 0.192 and 0.31 ± 0.190 of IgG for goats and sheep, respectively. Reasons for relatively high heritabilities for all traits include the low residual variance estimates due primarily to a standardized environment in the performance test. In conclusion, moderate to high heritabilities were found for growth performance and response to parasite infection for growing meat goat and hair sheep males under a standardized environment that suggests considerable for genetic improvement through selection.
PSXIV-18 Genetic improvement for resistance to gastrointestinal parasitism in growing meat goats and hair sheep through a centralized performance test in the southcentral USA
Authors: Goetsch Arthur L , Tsukahara Yoko , Gipson Terry A , Hart Steven P , Dawson Lionel J , Wang Zaisen , Puchala Ryszard , Sahlu Tilahun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Progress from selecting meat goats and hair sheep from different farms in the southcentral United States for resistance to internal parasitism during three consecutive central performance tests was evaluated. Tests entailed 7–10 wk of data collection after artificial infection of growing males with Haemonchus contortus larvae. There were 44, 50, and 50 Boer, Kiko, and Spanish goats and 54, 55, 34, and 47 Dorper, Katahdin-farm-A, Katahdin-farm-B, and St. Croix sheep, respectively. In year 1, males were randomly selected and in years 2 and 3 were progeny of sires and females classified as highly and moderately resistant. Criteria for males was average daily gain and residual feed intake during the performance test and means of fecal egg count (FEC) and packed cell volume after artificial infection and for females was FEC and FAMACHA on-farm. There were interactions in FEC of breed×year (P &lt; 0.001) for both species (1,046; 1,134; and 2,630 for Boer; 3,781; 1,239; and 1,216 for Kiko; 1,303; 1,357; and 1,464 for Spanish; 3,288; 1,956; and 1,315 for Dorper; 1,528; 1,759; and 2,241 for Katahdin-A, 2,414; 3,874; and 1,793 for Katahdin-B; and 1,371; 1,160; and 1,175 eggs/g for St. Croix in years 1, 2, and 3, respectively) and year×resistance group (RG; P = 0.005) for goats (1,359; 610, and 552 for high; 1,951; 1,268; and 1,440 for moderate; 2,821; 1,852; and 3,118 eggs/g for low RG in years 1, 2, and 3, respectively) but not for sheep (P = 0.639). In conclusion, resistance appeared greatest for Spanish and St. Croix within species and was increased by selection of Kiko and Dorper. For highly resistant goats, lower FEC in year 2 and 3 vs. 1, compared with no year differences for moderate and low RG, indicates selection progress, and the lack of similar differences for sheep may reflect their relatively greater resistance.
PSXIV-22 Selection for low fecal egg count estimated breeding value correlates with greater circulating antibody in sheep
Authors: Smith Desirae , Bentley Kelsey , Bowdridge Scott A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Sheep selected for resistance to gastro-intestinal parasites have been shown to have greater survivability to weaning. Data from Katahdin sheep indicates that selection based on post-weaning fecal egg count estimated breeding values (PWFEC EBV) may further improve generalized immunity. However, no data exists to confirm this increased circulating antibody occurs in breeds genetically unrelated to Katahdins. In the fall of 2020 post-weaning blood and fecal samples were collected from Shropshire sheep (n = 42) and Polypay sheep (n = 91). The blood samples were analyzed for total immunoglobulin-G (IgG) using ELISA. Shropshire sheep were sorted into low (PWFEC EBV &lt; 0) and high (PWFEC EBV &gt; 0) groups based on fecal egg count (FEC), which were analyzed via a modified McMaster’s method. Polypay sheep were sorted into three groups by PWEC EBV; A (&lt; -50) B (&gt;-50 &lt; +50) and C (&gt;+50). In Shropshire group, individuals with low FEC had greater average IgG concentration (87.9 µg/mL) than those with high FEC (62.4 µg/mL) (P &gt; 0.05). In the Polypay group, sheep in PWFEC EBV group A had numerically higher IgG concentration (86.2 µg/mL) than sheep in group B (71.2 µg/mL) and group C (53.1 µg/mL) (P &gt; 0.05). While data in either breed were not significant, the trend observed across breeds indicate that sheep with a lower PWFEC EBV have numerically greater circulating antibody.