bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic relationships in the Sorghum genus based on sequencing of the chloroplast and nuclear genes
Authors: Ananda Galaihalage , Norton Sally , Blomstedt Cecilia , Furtado Agnelo , Møller Birger , Gleadow Roslyn , Henry Robert 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is an important food crop with a diverse gene pool residing in its wild relatives. A total of 15 sorghum accessions from the unexploited wild gene pool of the Sorghum genus, representing the five subgenera, were sequenced, and the complete chloroplast genomes and 99 common single‐copy concatenated nuclear genes were assembled. Annotation of the chloroplast genomes identified a total of 81 protein‐coding genes, 38 tRNA, and four rRNA genes. The gene content and gene order among the species was identical. A total of 153 nonsynonymous amino acid changes in 40 genes were identified across the species. Phylogenetic analysis of both the whole chloroplast genome and nuclear genes revealed a similar topology with two distinct clades within the genus. The species within the subgenera Eusorghum, Chaetosorghum, and Heterosorghum clustered in one clade, whereas the species within the subgenera Parasorghum and Stiposorghum clustered in a second clade. However, the subgenera Parasorghum and Stiposorghum were not monophyletic, suggesting the need for further research to resolve the relationships within this group. The close relationship between the two monotypic subgenera Chaetosorghum and Heterosorghum suggests that species within these subgenera could be considered as one group. This analysis provides an improved understanding of the genetic relationships within the Sorghum genus and defines diversity in wild sorghum species that may be useful for crop improvement.
Introduction
Authors: Desille Amandine , Nikielska-Sekula Karolina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA significant effort in theorising and conceptualising the visual has been made within various disciplines. To mention only a few, Howard Becker (Art as collective action. Am Sociol Rev 767–776, 1974) in visual sociology, Lucien Taylor (Visualising theory. Routledge, 1994), Marcus Banks and Howard Morphy ((eds): Rethinking visual anthropology. Yale University Press, London, 1999) and Jay Ruby (Picturing culture: explorations of film and anthropology. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2000) in visual anthropology, Chris Jenk ((ed): Visual culture. Routledge, 1995) in cultural studies, Gillian Rose (Visual methodologies: an introduction to the interpretation of visual methods. Sage, 2001) in geography and Sarah Pink (Doing visual ethnography. Sage, London, 2001) in visual ethnography, all produced fundamental works focusing on the visual in social sciences. This book, however, without diminishing the disciplinary work within the subject, proposes to approach visual methodologies in the specific context of a field of study, adopting an interdisciplinary approach that brings together geography, sociology, anthropology and communication studies. As Adrian Favell (Rebooting migration theory: interdisciplinarity, globality and postdisciplinarity in migration studies. In: Brettell C, Hollifield J (eds) Migration theory: talking across disciplines. Routledge, pp 259–278, 2007, p. 1988) has suggested: “On the face of it, there could hardly be a topic in the contemporary social sciences more naturally ripe for interdisciplinary thinking than migration studies.” In this piece we will attempt to explain why the adoption of visual methodologies in the field of migration studies is of particular interest.
Photovoice as a Research Tool of the “Game” Along the “Balkan Route”
Authors: Augustová Karolína 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMigratory pathways across the borders of South Eastern Europe have been commonly recognised within public and policy discourses as the ‘Balkan Route’ (Frontex, 2018; UNHCR, 2019). Yet those pathways do not follow one linear route across the official border checkpoints of former Yugoslav states – Serbia and Bosnia, to the European Union – Croatia and Hungary (Obradovic-Wochnik & Bird, 2019; Stojić & Vilenica, 2019). As often encountered by displaced populations, the journeys consist of perpetually moving onward and being pushed backward across diverse European towns, highways, mountains, forests, rivers, minefields, and camps, necessary to cross to reach western or northern Europe. Displaced people stranded in Serbia and Bosnia generally call their border crossing attempts the ‘game’; the term that conveys the daily mobility struggles, violence and deaths.
Chant Down the Walls: Exploring the Potential of Video Methods in the Study of Immigrant Politics and Social Movements
Authors: Gnes Davide 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this chapter I draw on my fieldwork experience in Los Angeles to discuss the potential of video for qualitative research on migration and political action. I focus specifically on three aspects: access to the field, research respondents and data; video and the study of micro-social interaction; video as a tool to generate new insights and data. I argue that video has facilitated, enriched and expanded my understanding of migrant political action in several ways, some of which were entirely unexpected at the beginning of this research. Within the field of migration studies, video appears particularly suitable to research the terrain of politics and culture, since it provides the means to study a key social aspect that is difficult to investigate in detail only with other types of methods: interaction. Hence, video as both a tool and a method proved a useful complement to interviews, artefacts and archive documentation.
In the Eye of the Beholder? Minority Representation and the Politics of Culture
Authors: Magazzini Tina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe debate(s) on the relationship between art, activism and academia is as old as knowledge-production itself. In keeping with this volume’s focus on reflexivity and representation, this contribution asks what role filmmakers, curators and artists play as knowledge producers and as knowledge-brokers when working on politicized issues such migration and/or ethnicity. This chapter looks at three European experiences that sit on the seam of curatorial practice, testimony and activism and address the (visual) narratives of minority groups. Exploring the emergence of these initiatives and drawing upon interviews with the curators and artists behind them, this chapter takes stock of ongoing debates on the complex relationship between political and artistic representation on minority groups. Adopting Mitchell’s (1995) approach to representation that sees it as always being ‘of someone, by someone, to someone’, particular attention is given to the implications of what kind of stories are told, for whom they are told, and of who does the storytelling.
Conclusions: “Ways of Representation”: Is a Reflexive Representation Possible?
Authors: Şanlıer Yüksel İlke , Çam Aydın 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn his seminal work, Berger (1972) introduces ‘ways of seeing’ as the ways in which meaning is given to the things which are depicted that stand for something. Image-based ethnography has long been interested in these meaning construction processes, namely representations. The ethnographer, or the researcher – as part of the meaning-making process – produces and/or reproduces ways of representation, along with the research design and the outcome. Then the question arises: is a reflexive representation possible? The three chapters in the fourth section of this volume offer thoughts to provoke answers to this question and evoke a theoretical discussion on the dialectical relation between migration and the representation of it, through research. The concluding chapter of this section reflect on key methodological, ethical and theoretical issues connected to the ways of representation and the role of the researcher.
Afterword: Visual Research in Migration. (In)Visibilities, Participation, Discourses
Authors: Prieto-Blanco Patricia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractProfound developments in terms of scale, diversity of digital media and prosumerism (García-Galera & Valdivia, 2014; Madianou, 2011) in the last decade have resulted in vast monitoring of movement, migratory or otherwise. While migrants have been outlined as digital natives, early adopters and heavy users of digital technologies (Ponzanesi & Leurs, 2014); the intersection of ICT (Information and Communications Technology) and migration is still under-researched (Oiarzabal & Reips 2012), Madianou’s (2011) work being a notable exception. As Leurs and Prabhakar highlight (2018, p. 247), the implications of the rise of ubiquitous and pervasive technologies (software and hardware) for the migration experience can be grouped in two sets of media practices. On the one hand, these technologies are used to reproduce and (forcefully) enforce top-down control by (state) authorities. On the other, they enable migrants - both voluntary and forced - to connect (dis)affectively, manage kinship and other relationships (Cabalquinto, 2018; Madianou, 2012; Prieto-Blanco, 2016), participate in collective processes (Siapera & Veikou, 2013; Martínez Martínez, 2017; Özdemir, Mutluer & Özyürek, 2019), establish a sense of belonging (Yue, Li, Jin, & Feldman, 2013; Budarick, 2015; Gencel-Bek & Prieto-Blanco, 2020), and move money across borders (Aker, 2018; Batista & Narciso, 2013). “[T]he transformed epistolary base and the communication infrastructure of the migrant experience” (Hedge 2016, p. 3), with their distinct affordances, impact on how migration is currently understood via a focus on connectivity and presence. Stay in touch. Remain within reaching distance. Leave, but let your presence linger.
“Have You Just Taken a Picture of Me?”: Theoretical and Ethical Implications of the Use of Researcher-Produced Photography in Studying Migrant Minorities
Authors: Nikielska-Sekula Karolina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper aims at discussing the value of researcher-generated visual methods in studying migration. It focuses on photography as a data collection method, and the problem is presented in the context of researching urban and rural arenas of exercising transnational belonging by migrants and their descendants in new and ancestral homelands. Photography is approached here as a sensorial experience mediating a relationship between the researcher and the participants. The author argues that the relationships occurring around photo-taking in the field are as important as the data collected intentionally. Moreover, the chapter discusses ethical questions prompted by the employment of visual methods, problematizing them in a context of different social, cultural and national settings. With this chapter, the author attempts to answer a question whether researcher-generated visual data can open new angles of analyses of migrants’ life-words and how the employment of visual methods can influence theoretical perspectives within migration studies.
On the Use of Visual Methods to Understand Local Immigration Politics
Authors: Desille Amandine 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this chapter, I present the making of an ethnographic film, which I filmed during a research project in geography carried out from 2013 to 2017 and entitled Victory Day. The chapter provides a reflection on the use of film to capture political actions, specifically the ones targeting immigrant groups. It also shows the extent to which filmmaking relates to experiences of the participants involved, and to the sensorial experience of a place. With this, it builds on previous works that have highlighted the potential of moving images to represent the sensory, experiences and intersubjectivities. Finally, it tackles the ethics of working in conflict cities, and even more specifically, when participants take a hawkish stand in that conflict.
Ethnocinematographic Theory. How to Develop Migration Theory Through Ethnographic Filmmaking
Authors: Verstappen Sanderien 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFilm and text can be complementary modes of theory formation in the field of migration studies. If the theoretical potential of filmmaking is recognized in research, this also opens opportunities for teaching migration theory through film. This argument is illustrated here through the project Living like a common man, in which both film and text were used to observe, analyse, and theorize the migration experiences of young Indians to the UK - as ‘middling migration’. The resulting film offers a stand-alone argument that is used as teaching material in courses of migration studies; while accompanying texts make the argument explicit and clarify its significance for migration scholarship.
COVID-19-Patientinnen und -Patienten in Deutschland: Expositionsrisiken und assoziierte Faktoren für Hospitalisierungen und schwere Krankheitsverläufe
Authors: Koppe Uwe , Wilking Hendrik , Harder Thomas , Haas Walter , Rexroth Ute , Hamouda Osamah 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) hat sich seit 2020 weltweit verbreitet. In Deutschland haben sich bis zum Ende Juni 2021 über 3,7 Mio. Menschen infiziert. Das Infektionsgeschehen betrifft jedoch nicht alle Bevölkerungsgruppen gleichmäßig. Einige Gruppen haben ein besonders hohes Risiko, sich zu infizieren oder nach der Infektion schwere Coronavirus-Disease-2019(COVID-19)-Verläufe zu erleiden.Der vorliegende narrative Review vermittelt eine Übersicht über die Bevölkerungsgruppen in Deutschland, welche besonders von COVID-19 betroffen sind. Außerdem werden die bisher identifizierten Risikofaktoren beschrieben, die mit Krankenhausaufenthalten oder schweren COVID-19-Verläufen assoziiert sind.SARS-CoV-2-Übertragungen finden an den verschiedensten Orten und in unterschiedlichen Situationen statt. Besonders betroffen erscheinen bestimmte berufliche Umgebungen, wie z. B. die Fleisch verarbeitende Industrie, aber auch Freizeitaktivitäten und Großveranstaltungen. Es wurden im Laufe der Pandemie Komorbiditäten identifiziert, die mit einem erhöhten Hospitalisierungsrisiko oder einem schweren COVID-19-Verlauf assoziiert sind, z. B. vorbestehende Lungen‑, Herz-Kreislauf- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten. Patientinnen und Patienten nach Organtransplantation und Personen mit Downsyndrom (Trisomie 21) haben nach einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion das höchste Risiko für eine stationäre Behandlung.Die identifizierten Rahmenbedingungen, die eine SARS-CoV-2-Verbreitung begünstigen, und das Wissen um besonders vulnerable Bevölkerungsgruppen bilden eine wichtige Evidenzgrundlage für die Planung von Präventionsstrategien und Maßnahmen zur Pandemiebekämpfung.
Molekulare Medizin: Pathobiochemie als Schlüssel zur personalisierten Therapie vererbter Krankheiten
Authors: Mayr J. A. , Feichtinger R. G. , Achleitner M. T. , Brugger K. , Kutsam K. , Spenger J. , Koch J. , Hofbauer P. , Lagler F. B. , Sperl W. , Weghuber D. , Wortmann S. B. 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungGenetische Defekte werden vielfach noch als Schicksal empfunden, mit dem man sich Zeit seines Lebens abfinden muss. Es stimmt, dass vererbte Anlagen in vielen Fällen zu schweren Krankheiten führen, allerdings stimmt es auch, dass der Anteil von genetischen Defekten, bei denen eine Therapieoption besteht, stetig wächst und sich der Ausbruch von Krankheitssymptomen bei einigen davon bestenfalls gänzlich verhindern lässt. Die Kenntnis des genauen molekularen Krankheitsmechanismus liefert oft die Grundlage für einen Therapieansatz. Zum Auffinden des genetischen Defekts haben die Möglichkeiten der genomweiten Sequenzierung und ihr mittlerweile breiter Einsatz in der Diagnostik entscheidend beigetragen. Nach dem Nachweis einer genetischen Veränderung braucht es aber noch die Untersuchung der pathobiochemischen Konsequenzen auf zellulärer und systemischer Ebene. Dabei handelt es sich oft um einen längeren Prozess, da der volle Umfang von Funktionsausfällen nicht immer auf Anhieb erkennbar ist. Bei metabolischen Defekten kann die Therapie ein Auffüllen von fehlenden Produkten oder eine Reduktion von giftigen Substraten sein. Oft lässt sich auch die Restfunktion von betroffenen „pathways“ verbessern. Neuerdings haben Therapien mit direkter Korrektur des betroffenen Gendefekts Einzug in die therapeutische Anwendung gefunden. Da die ersten Krankheitssymptome in vielen Fällen früh im Leben auftreten, trifft die Kinderheilkunde eine Vorreiterrolle in der Entwicklung von Therapieansätzen.
Inter-reader agreement of the PI-QUAL score for prostate MRI quality in the NeuroSAFE PROOF trial
Authors: Giganti Francesco , Dinneen Eoin , Kasivisvanathan Veeru , Haider Aiman , Freeman Alex , Kirkham Alex , Punwani Shonit , Emberton Mark , Shaw Greg , Moore Caroline M. , Allen Clare 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objectives
The Prostate Imaging Quality (PI-QUAL) score assesses the quality of multiparametric MRI (mpMRI). A score of 1 means all sequences are below the minimum standard of diagnostic quality, 3 implies that the scan is of sufficient diagnostic quality, and 5 means that all three sequences are of optimal diagnostic quality. We investigated the inter-reader reproducibility of the PI-QUAL score in patients enrolled in the NeuroSAFE PROOF trial.

Methods
We analysed the scans of 103 patients on different MR systems and vendors from 12 different hospitals. Two dedicated radiologists highly experienced in prostate mpMRI independently assessed the PI-QUAL score for each scan. Interobserver agreement was assessed using Cohen’s kappa with standard quadratic weighting (κw) and percent agreement.

Results
The agreement for each single PI-QUAL score was strong (κw = 0.85 and percent agreement = 84%). A similar agreement (κw = 0.82 and percent agreement = 84%) was observed when the scans were clustered into three groups (PI-QUAL 1–2 vs PI-QUAL 3 vs PI-QUAL 4–5). The agreement in terms of diagnostic quality for each single sequence was highest for T2-weighted imaging (92/103 scans; 89%), followed by dynamic contrast-enhanced sequences (91/103; 88%) and diffusion-weighted imaging (80/103; 78%).

Conclusion
We observed strong reproducibility in the assessment of PI-QUAL between two radiologists with high expertise in prostate mpMRI. At present, PI-QUAL offers clinicians the only available tool for evaluating and reporting the quality of prostate mpMRI in a systematic manner but further refinements of this scoring system are warranted.

Key Points
• Inter-reader agreement for each single Prostate Imaging Quality (PI-QUAL) score (i.e., PI-QUAL 1 to PI-QUAL 5) was strong, with weighted kappa = 0.85 (95% confidence intervals: 0.51 – 1) and percent agreement = 84%.
• Interobserver agreement was strong when the scans were clustered into three groups according to the ability (or not) to rule in and to rule out clinically significant prostate cancer (i.e., PI-QUAL 1-2 vs PI-QUAL 3 vs PI-QUAL 4–5), with weighted kappa = 0.82 (95% confidence intervals: 0.68 – 0.96) and percent agreement = 84%.
• T2-weighted acquisitions were the most compliant with the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) v. 2.0 technical recommendations and were the sequences of highest diagnostic quality for both readers in 95/103 (92%) scans, followed by dynamic contrast enhanced acquisition with 81/103 (79%) scans and lastly by diffusion-weighted imaging with 79/103 (77%) scans.
Schmerztherapie in der Schwangerschaft
Authors: Marhofer Daniela , Jaksch Wolfgang , Aigmüller Thomas , Jochberger Stefan , Urlesberger Berndt , Pils Katharina , Maier Barbara , Likar Rudolf , Kayer Beate , Wallner Roswitha , Fink Petra , Grögl Gabriele 
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Schwangerschaft und Schmerzen unterschiedlicher Herkunft sind eine ungünstige Kombination, die alle BehandlerInnen vor besondere Herausforderungen stellt. Schmerzen beeinflussen die Homöostase des Menschen negativ. Compliance der Patientin und fundiertes Wissen über Fetotoxizität und Teratogenität von Analgetika sind nötig, um die Balance zwischen Therapie der Mutter und Sicherheit des Ungeborenen zu wahren.

Ziel der Arbeit
ExpertInnen verschiedener Disziplinen, die mit der Betreuung von schwangeren Schmerzpatientinnen betraut sind, haben sich zusammengeschlossen, um medikamentöse und nichtmedikamentöse Therapiekonzepte zu erstellen, mit dem Ziel, eine suffiziente Analgesie von schwangeren Schmerzpatientinnen zu ermöglichen.

Material und Methode
Relevante Fragestellungen wurden durch ExpertInnen formuliert und einer Literatursuche unterzogen. Kombiniert mit weiteren nationalen und internationalen Empfehlungen wurden Behandlungskonzepte entwickelt, interdisziplinär diskutiert und im Anschluss Kernaussagen erstellt, die mit Empfehlungsgraden abgestuft wurden.

Ergebnisse
Abhängig vom Trimenon können bei Schmerzen Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, Diclofenac, Metamizol und Opioide wohlüberlegt verabreicht werden, besondere Vorsicht ist bei nichtsteroidalen Antirheumatika (NSAR) im letzten Trimenon geboten. COX-2-Hemmer werden nicht empfohlen. Bei neuropathischen Schmerzen gelten Amitriptylin, Duloxetin, Venlafaxin als sicher. Bei starker Migräne kann Sumatriptan zum Einsatz kommen. Nichtmedikamentöse Therapien wie transkutane elektrische Nervenstimulation (TENS-Therapie), Kinesio-Tapes und Akupunktur gelten als sicher. Lymphdrainagen werden bei Ödemen empfohlen, sofern sie nicht durch eine Präeklampsie bedingt sind.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Therapie sollte mit einer nichtmedikamentösen Behandlung beginnen und eskalierend in einer Kombination aus medikamentösen und nichtmedikamentösen Konzepten enden.
Impact of orthognathic surgery on quality of life in patients with different dentofacial deformities: longitudinal study of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) with at least 1 year of follow-up
Authors: Tuk Jacco G. , Lindeboom Jerome A. , Tan Misha L. , de Lange J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective
The objective of this study was to assess the impact of orthognathic surgery for dental facial deformities on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in the immediate postoperative period up to at least 1 year after surgery.

Study design
This prospective study evaluated data from 85 patients. OHRQoL was assessed using the Dutch version of the Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaire (OHIP-14NL) preoperatively (T0), each day for 7 days postoperatively (T1–T7) and 4 weeks (T8), 6 months (T9), and at least 1 year (T10) after surgery. The total OHIP score was calculated for each patient, with higher OHIP scores indicating a worse impact on oral health. Patients also completed an extra questionnaire about self-care, discomfort, and experienced pain (rated on a 10-point scale) in the postoperative period (T1–T10).

Results
The mean OHIP score increased sharply at T1 compared to T0 but decreased significantly in the first postoperative week. The mean OHIP score at T8 was still higher than before surgery. However, at T9 and T10, the mean OHIP score was significantly lower than at T0 (P < .05). No significant difference in OHIP score was found between gender, age, type of surgery, and indication for surgery. Pain significantly decreased from T6 to T0. The OHIP and pain scores significantly positively correlated at every time point except T9.

Conclusion
The findings indicate that OHRQoL is reduced from baseline in the immediate postoperative period but improves over time. By 1 year, OHRQoL improves significantly after orthognathic surgery in patients with dentofacial deformities.