bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing process parameters of palm oil bleaching on locally prepared animal bone–based activated carbon using response surface methodology
Authors: Babayemi Akinpelu Kamoru , Onukwuli Okechukwu Dominic , Eluno Emeka Emmanuel , Otolorin John Adebayo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAdsorptive bleaching potentials of activated animal bone on palm oil was investigated. Palm oil was obtained locally from the mesocarp of oil palm fruits. The obtained palm oil was degummed, neutralized, and subjected to proximate analysis before bleaching. The animal bone–based activated carbon used as a bleaching material was locally prepared by cleaning, drying, carbonization, and chemical activation process. The prepared activated carbon (CBAC) was characterized using Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, Braummer–Emmett–Teller, and x‐ray diffraction (XRD) methods. Bleaching of the prepared palm oil on CBAC was done at different process conditions. The characterization results of BET analysis show that CBAC has a surface area of 593.270 m2/g, micropore surface area 595.56 m2/g, micropore volume 0.212 cm3/g, Langmuir surface area 1.38e+04 m2/g, and adsorption energy 3.998 KJ/mol. XRD analysis indicates gypsum as the dominant mineral in the activated carbon sample. The CBAC efficiency of 75.14% was obtained for time/temperature interactions at 50 min/120°C while at 25 g/50 min dosage/time interactions an efficiency of 75.17% was obtained.
Race/ethnicity and gender modify the association between diet and cognition in U.S. older adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011‐2014
Authors: Gu Yian , Guo Jing , Moshfegh Alanna J 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionIt is unclear whether the association between Mediterranean‐type Diet (MeDi) and cognition is similar across different racial/ethnic groups or between women and men.MethodsThe current study included 2435 participants (≥60 years of age) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011‐2014. Linear regression models were applied to examine the association between diet and cognition, adjusted for multiple demographic variables. Interaction between MeDi and race/ethnicity (non‐Hispanic White, non‐Hispanic Black, Hispanic, other), and between MeDi and gender, were examined, followed by stratified analyses.ResultsOne score increase in MeDi was associated with 0.039 (95%confidence interval [CI] = 0.016‐0.062) higher global cognitive z‐score. Significant associations between MeDi and global cognition and between MeDi and immediate recall were found in the non‐Hispanic Whites only (P‐interaction = 0.057 and 0.059, respectively). MeDi was associated with increased score of animal fluency score in men but not in women (P‐interaction = 0.082).DiscussionThe positive association between MeDi and cognition might be dependent on race/ethnicity and gender.
Evaluating heart electrical activities and cardiac arrhythmias of Holstein cows during ageing by short‐term electrocardiography in comparison with 24‐hour holter‐monitoring
Authors: Chalmeh Aliasghar , Karamifar Sanaz 
Published: February 2021

AbstractShort‐term electrocardiography is one of the most suitable tools to study the electrical activity of the heart, but the use of a tool such as a Holter‐monitor with the ability to assess the long‐term of the heart electrical activity, can provide more accurate information about these activities by comparing the results. It is possible to understand the superiority of each over the other and the resulting differences. Therefore, 60 female Holstein cows in 10 age groups, including 1 day, 1, 3, 6 months, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 years were included in the study (6 heads in each age group). Electrocardiography (for 5 min) and Holter‐monitoring (for 24 hr) were performed from the entire study population. The Q, R and T amplitudes in electrocardiography were significantly higher than those in Holter‐monitoring. The P, R and T durations and P‐R, R‐R, Q‐T and S‐T intervals at all ages were significantly longer in the Holter‐monitoring than in the electrocardiographic method. The heart rate of animals was significantly lower in the 24‐hr Holter‐monitoring than in the short‐term electrocardiography. The trend of changes of all parameters was significant during ageing. Cardiac arrhythmias included sinus arrhythmia and sino‐atrial block, which were the most common cardiac arrhythmias in the 24‐hr Holter‐monitoring. It appears that long‐term Holter‐monitoring is a more reliable method than short‐term electrocardiography to assess cardiac arrhythmias. Additionally, the indicators of electrical activity of the heart (waves) in the Holter‐monitoring method are significantly different from short‐term electrocardiography, which is probably due to the collection of information over a long period and in non‐stressful situations. Furthermore, it appears that the use of the 24‐hr Holter‐monitoring method is preferable to the short‐term electrocardiography method to evaluate the electrical activity of the heart of cows at all ages.
Challenges and opportunities beyond structured data in analysis of electronic health records
Authors: Tayefi Maryam , Ngo Phuong , Chomutare Taridzo , Dalianis Hercules , Salvi Elisa , Budrionis Andrius , Godtliebsen Fred 
Published: February 2021

AbstractElectronic health records (EHR) contain a lot of valuable information about individual patients and the whole population. Besides structured data, unstructured data in EHRs can provide extra, valuable information but the analytics processes are complex, time‐consuming, and often require excessive manual effort. Among unstructured data, clinical text and images are the two most popular and important sources of information. Advanced statistical algorithms in natural language processing, machine learning, deep learning, and radiomics have increasingly been used for analyzing clinical text and images. Although there exist many challenges that have not been fully addressed, which can hinder the use of unstructured data, there are clear opportunities for well‐designed diagnosis and decision support tools that efficiently incorporate both structured and unstructured data for extracting useful information and provide better outcomes. However, access to clinical data is still very restricted due to data sensitivity and ethical issues. Data quality is also an important challenge in which methods for improving data completeness, conformity and plausibility are needed. Further, generalizing and explaining the result of machine learning models are important problems for healthcare, and these are open challenges. A possible solution to improve data quality and accessibility of unstructured data is developing machine learning methods that can generate clinically relevant synthetic data, and accelerating further research on privacy preserving techniques such as deidentification and pseudonymization of clinical text.This article is categorized under:
Applications of Computational Statistics > Health and Medical Data/Informatics
Grumpy or depressed? Disentangling typically developing adolescent mood from prodromal depression using experience sampling methods
Authors: Dietvorst Evelien , Hiemstra Marieke , Maciejewski Dominique , van Roekel Eeske , Bogt Tom ter , Hillegers Manon , Keijsers Loes 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionThis study aimed at differentiating normative developmental turmoil from prodromal depressive symptoms in adolescence.MethodNegative and positive mood (daily) in different contexts (friends, home, school), and (subsequent) depressive symptoms were assessed in Dutch adolescents.Results & conclusionMixture modeling on one cross‐sectional study, using a newly developed questionnaire (CSEQ; subsample 1a; n = 571; girls 55.9%; Mage = 14.17) and two longitudinal datasets with Experience Sampling Methods data (subsample 1b: n = 241; Mage = 13.81; 62.2% girls, sample 2: n = 286; 59.7% girls; Mage = 14.19) revealed three mood profiles: 18–24% “happy”, 43–53% “typically developing”, and 27–38% “at‐risk”. Of the “at‐risk” profile between 12.5% and 25% of the adolescents scored above the clinical cut‐off for depression. These mood profiles predicted later depressive symptoms, while controlling for earlier symptoms. In subsample 1b, parents were not always aware of the mental health status of their adolescent.
An Artificial-Intelligence-Based Semantic Assist Framework for Judicial Trials
Authors: JIN Yaohui , HE Hao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDue to their success in routine tasks such as voice recognition, image classification, and text processing, extensive attention has been aroused on how to use artificial intelligence (AI)-based automation tools in the judicial-trial process to improve efficiency. Meanwhile, judicial trial is a complex task that requires accurate insight and subtle analysis of the cases, law, and common knowledge. Applying the results provided by AI-based automation tools directly to the judicial-trial process is controversial due to their irregular logic and low accuracy. Based on this observation, this article investigates the logic underlined in judicial trials and the technical characteristics of AI, and proposes an AI-based semantic assist approach for judicial trials that is logical and transparent to the judges.
The Power of Modeling in Emergency Preparedness for COVID-19: A Moonshot Moment for Hospitals
Authors: Safavi Kyan C. , Prestipino Ann L. , Zenteno Langle Ana Cecilia , Copenhaver Martin , Hu Michael , Daily Bethany , Koehler Allison , Biddinger Paul D. , Dunn Peter F. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBefore coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), few hospitals had fully tested emergency surge plans. Uncertainty in the timing and degree of surge complicates planning efforts, putting hospitals at risk of being overwhelmed. Many lack access to hospital-specific, data-driven projections of future patient demand to guide operational planning. Our hospital experienced one of the largest surges in New England. We developed statistical models to project hospitalizations during the first wave of the pandemic. We describe how we used these models to meet key planning objectives. To build the models successfully, we emphasize the criticality of having a team that combines data scientists with frontline operational and clinical leadership. While modeling was a cornerstone of our response, models currently available to most hospitals are built outside of their institution and are difficult to translate to their environment for operational planning. Creating data-driven, hospital-specific, and operationally relevant surge targets and activation triggers should be a major objective of all health systems.
WELL ORDERING PRINCIPLES AND -STATEMENTS: A PILOT STUDY
Authors: FREUND ANTON 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn previous work, the author has shown that
$\Pi ^1_1$
-induction along
$\mathbb N$
is equivalent to a suitable formalization of the statement that every normal function on the ordinals has a fixed point. More precisely, this was proved for a representation of normal functions in terms of Girard’s dilators, which are particularly uniform transformations of well orders. The present paper works on the next type level and considers uniform transformations of dilators, which are called 2-ptykes. We show that
$\Pi ^1_2$
-induction along
$\mathbb N$
is equivalent to the existence of fixed points for all 2-ptykes that satisfy a certain normality condition. Beyond this specific result, the paper paves the way for the analysis of further
$\Pi ^1_4$
-statements in terms of well ordering principles.
Soil organic carbon storage by shaded and unshaded coffee systems and its implications for climate change mitigation in China
Authors: Xiao Ziwei , Bai Xuehui , Zhao Mingzhu , Luo Kai , Zhou Hua , Ma Guanrun , Guo Teiying , Su Linlin , Li Jinhong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractShaded coffee systems can mitigate climate change by fixation of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) in soil. Understanding soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and the factors influencing SOC in coffee plantations are necessary for the development of sound land management practices to prevent land degradation and minimize SOC losses. This study was conducted in the main coffee-growing regions of Yunnan; SOC concentrations and storage of shaded and unshaded coffee systems were assessed in the top 40 cm of soil. Relationships between SOC concentration and factors affecting SOC were analysed using multiple linear regression based on the forward and backward stepwise regression method. Factors analysed were soil bulk density (ρb), soil pH, total nitrogen of soil (N), mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual moisture (MAM), mean annual precipitation (MAP) and elevations (E). Akaike's information criterion (AIC), coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE) and residual sum of squares (RSS) were used to describe the accuracy of multiple linear regression models. Results showed that mean SOC concentration and storage decreased significantly with depth under unshaded coffee systems. Mean SOC concentration and storage were higher in shaded than unshaded coffee systems at 20–40 cm depth. The correlations between SOC concentration andρb, pH and N were significant. Evidence from the multiple linear regression model showed that soil bulk density (ρb), soil pH, total nitrogen of soil (N) and climatic variables had the greatest impact on soil carbon storage in the coffee system.
The effects of crude propolis, its volatiles and ethanolic extracts on the ecto-parasitic mite, Varroa destructor and health of the African savannah honey bee, Apis mellifera scutellata
Authors: Nganso Beatrice T. , Torto Baldwyn 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPropolis is a hive product composed of biologically active plant resins, and has been shown to enhance individual honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) health. Propolis has also been demonstrated to mitigate, in part, the negative effects caused by the ecto-parasitic mite Varroa destructor and its associated viruses on the health of managed European honey bee colonies. However, its effect on the health status of African honey bees remains largely unknown. Here, we found that the African savannah honey bees, A. m. scutellata in Kenya, deposited approximately two and half-fold more propolis in their colonies during periods of increased than reduced worker brood rearing. This finding suggested that A. m. scutellata may use high quantities of propolis prophylactically to protect their young brood; yet, we observed no significant correlation between the quantity of propolis and the amount of worker brood or mite-infestation level on adult workers. Furthermore, whereas propolis volatiles or propolis placed in direct contact with the mites had no effect on mite survival under laboratory conditions, the ethanolic extract of propolis significantly reduced mite survival when compared with untreated control. These results suggest the presence of mite deterrent compounds in the ethanolic extract of the African honey bee propolis.
An Adaptive Regressor-Free Fourier Series-Based Tracking Controller for Robot Manipulators: Theory and Experimental Evaluation
Authors: Villalobos-Chin Jorge , Santibáñez Víctor 
Published: February 2021

SUMMARYIn this article, we propose a nonlinear Proportional+Derivative (PD) tracking controller with adaptive Fourier series compensation. The proposed controller uses a regressor-free adaptive scheme that relies on a trigonometric polynomial with varying coefficients to solve the control problem. Asymptotic convergence of the position and velocity errors is proven via a formal stability analysis based on Lyapunov and LaSalle theory for discontinuous systems. The proposed controller is validated on a 2-degrees of freedom robot manipulator. The experimental results validate the theoretically obtained results and reflect the effect of certain parameters in the transient behavior of the error dynamics. Certain robustness properties are also observed.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and pre-superior cavopulmonary connection haemodynamics in infants with single-ventricle physiology
Authors: Al Balushi Asim , Averin Konstantin , Hsu Daphne T. , Mackie Andrew S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroduction:Preliminary animal and human data suggest that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition has a role in pulmonary vascular remodelling. We sought to assess the effect of ACEi versus placebo on pulmonary artery pressure and transpulmonary gradient amongst infants undergoing single-ventricle palliation.Materials and methods:Using the publicly available Pediatric Heart Network Infant Single-Ventricle trial dataset, we compared mean PA pressure at pre-superior cavopulmonary connection catheterisation (primary outcome), transpulmonary gradient, pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio, and post-SCPC oxygen saturation (secondary outcomes) in infants receiving enalapril versus placebo.Results:A total of 179 infants underwent pre-SCPC catheterisation, of which 85 (47%) received enalapril. There was no difference between the enalapril and placebo group in the primary and the secondary outcomes. Mean PA pressure in the enalapril group was 13.1 ± 2.9 compared to 13.7 ± 3.4 mmHg in the placebo group. The transpulmonary gradient was 6.7 ± 2.5 versus 6.9 ± 3.2 mmHg in the enalapril and placebo groups, respectively. The pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio was 1.1 ± 0.5 in the enalapril group versus 1.0 ± 0.5 in the placebo group and the post-SCPC saturation was 83.1 ± 5.0% in the enalapril group versus 82.2 ± 5.3% in the placebo group. In the pre-specified subgroup analyses comparing enalapril and placebo according to ventricular morphology and shunt type, there was no difference in the primary and secondary outcomes.Conclusion:ACEi did not impact mean pulmonary artery pressure or transpulmonary gradient amongst infants with single-ventricle physiology prior to SCPC palliation.
Successful use of long-acting octreotide for protracted gastrointestinal bleeding related to protein-losing enteropathy after the Fontan procedure: a case report
Authors: Kogawa Kentaro , Ando Tatsuya , Fujiwara Masako 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGastrointestinal bleeding complicated with protein-losing enteropathy after the Fontan procedure has been often reported in recent years, but there is no established therapy for it.We report the case of an 18-year-old boy who suffered from abdominal pain, melena, and anaemia due to intractable haemorrhagic protein-losing enteropathy after the Fontan procedure. He was successfully treated with octreotide therapy.
Temporal and Spatial Impact of Precipitable Water Vapor on GPS Relative Positioning During the Tropical Cyclone Hato (2017) in Hong Kong and Taiwan
Authors: Yu Shiwei , Liu Zhizhao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe evident disturbance of global positioning system (GPS) positioning results responding to the 2017 tropical cyclone (TC) Hato is observed in both Hong Kong and Taiwan regions. The GPS solutions of 10 baselines, i.e., five from Hong Kong and five from Taiwan, with baseline lengths ranging from 4.8 to 46.6 km, are analyzed during the TC period from August 16 to 26, 2017. The precipitable water vapor (PWV) variation in temporal and spatial domains is also investigated in terms of 2–5 h scale‐averaged wavelet power and normalized magnitude of spatial gradient. The results indicate that there is a close correlation between positioning disturbance and the spatiotemporal variation of PWV during the TC period. The daily Spearman’s correlation coefficient on TC‐impacted day is 0.65 for Hong Kong baselines, ∼1.97 times as large as the mean value 0.33 of the non‐TC‐impacted period. Furthermore, the positioning performance started to degrade when the normalized magnitude of the spatial gradient of PWV experienced a rapid increase. The degradation lasted for ∼7 h, and the degrading trend for Hong Kong baselines is 9.86 mm/h on average. For Taiwan baselines, the degradation lasted for ∼31 h, and the degrading trend is 1.20 mm/h on average. In addition, the GPS three‐dimensional positioning average accuracy on the TC‐impacted day, July 22, 2017, degraded by 255% over the 10 baselines with respect to that of the other non‐TC‐impacted days.
Diverse Variability of Surface Chlorophyll During the Evolution of Gulf Stream Rings
Authors: Ning Jue , Chen Ke , Gaube Peter 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe investigate how the near‐surface chlorophyll (CHL)‐a evolves in Gulf Stream (GS) warm‐core rings (WCRs) and cold‐core rings (CCRs) using multi‐platform satellite observations. Averaged CHL anomaly (CHLA) within the rings exhibits both positive and negative linear trends during the evolution of the WCRs while negative trends dominate in CCRs. This difference is associated with a variety of physical processes occurring during the evolution process. Meanwhile, eddy‐centric analysis reveals four spatial patterns of CHLA long‐term trends, some of which highlights the importance of rings in shaping surface CHL. Short‐term fluctuations of CHLA in WCRs and CCRs are closely correlated with mixed layer depth and sea surface temperature anomaly and highlight the complex interplay between multiple mechanisms. In addition, we find higher concentration CHL in some WCRs than that in CCRs during the same season, providing an alternative view of the characteristics of the surface ecosystem in Gulf Stream rings.
Evaluating Global Tomography Models With Antipodal Ambient Noise Cross‐Correlation Functions
Authors: Xie Jun , Chu Risheng , Ni Sidao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIt is essential to evaluate global tomography models, which provide important information for understanding Earth's structure and dynamics. Long‐period surface waves propagating between antipodal stations are good candidates for this purpose since they depend on global‐scale velocity variations in the upper mantle. In this study, we extract minor‐arc and major‐arc Rayleigh waves from ambient noise cross correlations between GEOSCOPE station AIS and ∼1,800 USArray stations near the antipode of AIS. We identify two Rayleigh‐wave‐focusing regions and simulate the observed maximum amplitude pattern at the antipodal region using synthetic surface waves based on three global tomography models. Our simulations suggest that seismic heterogeneity of the tomography models need to be inflated by a factor of 2–3 in oceanic regions to explain the observed focusing pattern of surface waves near the antipodal region.
Dynamical and Trace Gas Responses of the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation to Increased CO2
Authors: DallaSanta K. , Orbe C. , Rind D. , Nazarenko L. , Jonas J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLong‐term projections of the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation (QBO) remain uncertain. Using the high‐top “Middle Atmosphere” (MA) version of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) ModelE (E2.2‐AP), we show that increased CO2 reduces the QBO period and weakens its amplitude, consistent with results from recent multimodel studies. The amplitude response is asymmetric, with the easterly phase weakening more than the westerly phase. Results from both coupled atmosphere‐ocean and climatologically fixed sea surface temperature simulations link the period response to changes in parameterized convective gravity wave fluxes, whereas the amplitude changes are more closely tied to changes in tropical upwelling. Comparisons of simulations with and without ozone‐dynamical feedbacks reveal that ozone feedbacks increase the QBO amplitude and period in pre‐industrial control simulations, and reduce the response of the amplitude to increased CO2. The response of stratospheric tracers to projected changes in the QBO is also investigated. Similarity between results using fully interactive (trace gas and aerosol) versus linearized ozone chemical mechanisms suggests that the QBO response to CO2 does not depend on additional chemical feedbacks beyond those associated with ozone, which implies that projected QBO changes may be credibly represented using simplified stratospheric ozone schemes.