bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information about foot care provided to people with diabetes with or without their partners: Impact on recommended foot care behavior
Authors: Reaney Matthew , Gladwin Thomas , Churchill Susan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundMany people with diabetes will develop foot ulcers. To reduce risk, it is recommended that the feet are protected against harm and checked daily. Spouses can help people with diabetes care for their feet.MethodsA randomized parallel arm design compared information sheets given to participants with diabetes and their spouses (dyad group;n = 64) to an information sheet given only to participants with diabetes (individual group;n = 69). The self‐reported number of days that the participant with diabetes' feet were (1) checked for problems and (2) protected against problems occurring (by the person with diabetes and/or the spouse) were summed for the week after receiving the information sheet. ANCOVAs tested the effects of group.ResultsFrequency of foot detection behavior (Participant + Spouse) was significantly higher in the dyad group compared with the individual group. This was not the case for foot protection behavior (Participant + Spouse). Findings revealed greater levels of spousal support (for both protection and detection behavior) in the dyad group compared to the individual group.ConclusionsClinical recommendations and advice on foot care delivered both to people with diabetes and their spouses can encourage greater foot care than if delivered to the patient alone.
Genetically informed, multilevel analysis of the Flynn Effect across four decades and three WISC versions
Authors: Giangrande Evan J. , Beam Christopher R. , Finkel Deborah , Davis Deborah W. , Turkheimer Eric 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the systematic rise in cognitive ability scores over generations, known as the Flynn Effect, across middle childhood and early adolescence (7–15 years; 291 monozygotic pairs, 298 dizygotic pairs; 89% White). Leveraging the unique structure of the Louisville Twin Study (longitudinal data collected continuously from 1957 to 1999 using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children [WISC], WISC–R, and WISC–III ed.), multilevel analyses revealed between‐subjects Flynn Effects—as both decrease in mean scores upon test re‐standardization and increase in mean scores across cohorts—as well as within‐child Flynn Effects on cognitive growth across age. Overall gains equaled approximately three IQ points per decade. Novel genetically informed analyses suggested that individual sensitivity to the Flynn Effect was moderated by an interplay of genetic and environmental factors.
Endoscopic management of colovesical and colovaginal fistulas with over‐the‐scope clips: A single‐institution case series
Authors: DeLong Colin G. , Scow Jeffrey S. , Morrell David J. , Knoedler John J. , Alli Vamsi V. , Winder Joshua S. , Pauli Eric M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimConventional surgical management of colovesical and colovaginal fistulas can be morbid and is contraindicated in many patients. Our aim in this work is to evaluate our experience in the management of colovesical and colovaginal fistulas with endoscopic over‐the‐scope (OTS) clips.MethodA retrospective review of all patients who underwent attempted endoscopic OTS clip management of colovesical and colovaginal fistulas between 2013 and 2020 was performed. Preoperative risk factors, operative details and postoperative outcomes are reported.ResultsTen patients were identified. Fistula types were: colovesical (five), rectovesical (two), colovaginal (two) and rectovaginal (one). The aetiology of the fistula was diverticular disease in seven (70%) cases and surgical complication of pelvic surgery in three (30%). The mean defect age was 157 ± 98 days, the mean defect diameter was 4.5 mm (range 2–10 mm) and the mean fistula length was 15 mm (range 2–25 mm). In nine (90%) cases, fistula identification and cannulation were performed through the nonenteric lumen of the fistula. Initial management with an OTS clip was technically successful in eight (80%) patients. Of the eight patients who underwent OTS clip placement, long‐term success (mean follow‐up 218 days, range 25–673 days) was achieved after initial intervention in four (50%) patients. One patient underwent serial OTS clip procedures and achieved long‐term success after four interventions; three patients have not undergone a repeat procedure after initial failure.ConclusionEndoscopic management of colovesical and colovaginal fistulas with OTS clips offers a promising therapeutic option for patients with contraindications to conventional surgical management. Immediate technical success and long‐term success rates are similar to other gastrointestinal tract applications of OTS clips.
Parietal and hippocampal hyper‐connectivity is associated with low math achievement in adolescence – A preliminary study
Authors: Abreu‐Mendoza Roberto A. , Pincus Melanie , Chamorro Yaira , Jolles Dietsje , Matute Esmeralda , Rosenberg‐Lee Miriam 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMathematical cognition requires coordinated activity across multiple brain regions, leading to the emergence of resting‐state functional connectivity as a method for studying the neural basis of differences in mathematical achievement. Hyper‐connectivity of the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), a key locus of mathematical and numerical processing, has been associated with poor mathematical skills in childhood, whereas greater connectivity has been related to better performance in adulthood. No studies to date have considered its role in adolescence. Further, hippocampal connectivity can predict mathematical learning, yet no studies have considered its contributions to contemporaneous measures of math achievement. Here, we used seed‐based resting‐state fMRI analyses to examine IPS and hippocampal intrinsic functional connectivity relations to math achievement in a group of 31 adolescents (mean age = 16.42 years, range 15–17), whose math performance spanned the 1% to 99% percentile. After controlling for IQ, IPS connectivity was negatively related to math achievement, akin to findings in children. However, the specific temporo‐occipital regions were more akin to the posterior loci implicated in adults. Hippocampal connectivity with frontal regions was also negatively correlated with concurrent math measures, which contrasts with results from learning studies. Finally, hyper‐connectivity was not a global feature of low math performance, as math performance did not modulate connectivity of Heschl's gyrus, a control seed not involved in math cognition. Our results provide preliminary evidence that adolescence is a transitional stage in which patterns found in childhood and adulthood can be observed; most notably, hyper‐connectivity continues to be related to low math ability into this period.
The occurrence of neuropathic pain following surgery of brainstem cavernous malformations
Authors: Herten Annika , Saban Dino , Santos Alejandro N. , Chen Bixia , Darkwah Oppong Marvin , Rauschenbach Laurèl , Jabbarli Ramazan , Wrede Karsten , Bingel Ulrike , Müller Daniel , Holle‐Lee Dagny , Schmidt Börge , Li Yan , Sure Ulrich , Dammann Philipp 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeThis study aimed to assess the occurrence and significance of postoperative neuropathic pain (NP) in patients with surgically treated brainstem cavernous malformations (BSCMs).MethodsSeventy‐four BSCM patients surgically treated between 2003 and 2019 were reviewed for the occurrence of postoperative NP and related treatment. The relevance of BSCM location, preoperative characteristics, influence on functional outcome, postoperative health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) and life satisfaction was evaluated.ResultsSix out of 74 patients (8%) suffered from NP. The Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs scores ranged from 12 to 16 (mean 14.28 ± 1.6). Visual analog scale pain was 5.2 ± 2.0. NP had no effect on preoperative characteristics or functional outcome. Bodily pain (HRQOL) and vocational time (life satisfaction) were significantly decreased in NP compared to non‐NP patients. Specific BSCM location (regarding brainstem nuclei involved in pain processing) and other preoperative patient‐ and BSCM‐related parameters were not associated with the occurrence of postoperative NP. Three out of six patients were currently under NP‐specific treatment. The proportion of patients suffering from postoperative NP (8%) was substantially higher compared to previously published studies. The pain affected the HRQOL of patients, most of whom were insufficiently treated and not satisfied with treatment results.ConclusionOur findings may help to raise awareness for postoperative NP in BSCM, which is essential to improve diagnosis and initiation of proper treatment, as well as preoperative informed consent of patients.
A Simple Relation to Constrain Groundwater Models Using Surface Deformation
Authors: Brown Megan R.M. , Ge Shemin , Screaton Elizabeth 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA simple relation between pore pressure change and one‐dimensional surface deformation is presented. The relation is for pore pressure change in a confined aquifer that causes surface deformation. It can be applied to groundwater models of any discretization and is computationally efficient. The estimated surface deformation from model results can be compared to observed surface deformation through geodetic techniques such as Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar. Model parameters then are constrained using the observed surface deformation. The validity of this relation is shown through constraint of model parameters for surface uplift due to pore pressure increase caused by wastewater disposal injection.
rFIXFc prophylaxis improves pain and levels of physical activity in haemophilia B: Post hoc analysis of B‐LONG using haemophilia‐specific quality of life questionnaires
Authors: Astermark Jan , Hermans Cédric , Ezzalfani Monia , Aballéa Samuel , Santagostino Elena , Hakimi Zalmai , Nazir Jameel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionRecurrent bleeding in severe haemophilia B causes painful hemarthroses and reduces capacity for physical activity. Recombinant factor IX Fc fusion protein (rFIXFc) prophylaxis results in low annualised bleeding rates, with the potential to improve patients’ health‐related quality of life (HRQoL).AimTo present a post hoc analysis of data from B‐LONG describing change over time in patient‐reported outcomes associated with pain and physical activity.MethodsPatients (≥12 years) who received weekly dose‐adjusted or interval‐adjusted rFIXFc prophylaxis and completed the Haemophilia‐Specific QoL questionnaire for adolescents (Haemo‐QoL) or adults (Haem‐A‐QoL) at baseline (BL) and end of study (EoS). Individual level changes in items of the ‘Physical Health’ and ‘Sports and Leisure’ domains, categorised as ‘never/rarely/seldom’ or ‘sometimes/often/all the time’, were analysed using McNemar's test to compare distribution of responses at EoS versus BL.ResultsAt EoS versus BL, a significantly greater proportion of patients did not experience painful swellings (64% vs. 44%; P = .004), painful joints (44% vs. 28%; P = .003) or pain when moving (54% vs. 41%; P = .026). Additionally, at EoS versus BL, patients were less likely to avoid participating in sports like football (30% vs. 8%; P = .002), avoid sports due to their haemophilia (47% vs. 27%; P = .007), or experience difficulty walking as far as they wanted (63% vs. 43%; P = .001). The proportion of patients who played sports as much as the general population was numerically increased (52% vs. 37%; P = .033) at EoS versus BL.ConclusionResults of the analysis suggest that over time, rFIXFc prophylaxis is associated with significant improvements in pain and physical functioning. This contributes to previous evidence of overall HRQoL improvements in patients with haemophilia B treated with rFIXFc.
Consistent practices in pressure ulcer prevention based on international care guidelines: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Haavisto Elina , Stolt Minna , Puukka Pauli , Korhonen Teija , Kielo‐Viljamaa Emilia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe use of consistent and evidence‐based practices is essential in terms of patient safety and quality of care. The purpose of this study was to describe the use of consistent practices in PU prevention based on international care guidelines and to assess the validity and reliability of the pressure ulcer prevention practice (PUPreP) instrument. The data (n = 554) were collected between 2018 and 2019 from nursing professionals working at two hospital districts in Finland using the PUPreP instrument. The instrument consisted of 42 items assessing participants' perceptions of the frequencies of pressure ulcer prevention practices with the following scale: never, sometimes, often, always. The data were analysed using statistical analysis. According to the results, the use of pressure ulcer prevention practices was more frequently described as often. The most frequently used prevention practice was repositioning, and the least frequently used practice was nutrition. Factors related to nursing professionals' pressure ulcer prevention practices were the working sector, education and working frequency in pressure ulcer prevention, and early identification of pressure ulcers. The study results suggest that the evidence‐based pressure ulcer prevention practices were followed at a moderate level by nurses. The PuPreP instrument demonstrated validity and reliability, but further development is needed.
Using tissue microstructure and multimodal MRI to parse the phenotypic heterogeneity and cellular basis of autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Peterson Bradley S. , Liu Jiaqi , Dantec Louis , Newman Courtney , Sawardekar Siddhant , Goh Suzanne , Bansal Ravi 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundIdentifying the brain bases for phenotypic heterogeneity in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) will advance understanding of its pathogenesis and improve its clinical management.MethodsWe compared Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) indices and connectome measures between 77 ASD and 88 Typically Developing (TD) control participants. We also assessed voxel‐wise associations of DTI indices with measures of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and N‐acetylaspartate (NAA) to understand how tissue microstructure associates with cellular metabolism and neuronal density, respectively.ResultsAutism Spectrum Disorder participants had significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) and higher diffusivity values in deep white matter tracts, likely representing ether reduced myelination by oligodendrocytes or a reduced density of myelinated axons. Greater abnormalities in these measures and regions were associated with higher ASD symptom scores. Participant age, sex and IQ significantly moderated these group differences. Path analyses showed that reduced NAA levels accounted significantly for higher diffusivity and higher rCBF values in ASD compared with TD participants.ConclusionsReduced neuronal density (reduced NAA) likely underlies abnormalities in DTI indices of white matter microstructure in ASD, which in turn are major determinants of elevated blood flow. Together, these findings suggest the presence of reduced axonal density and axonal pathology in ASD white matter. Greater pathology in turn accounts for more severe symptoms, lower intellectual ability, and reduced global efficiency for measures of white matter connectivity in ASD.
Variation in vertebrae shape across small‐bodied newts reveals functional and developmental constraints acting upon the trunk region
Authors: Scholtes Stefan J. , Arntzen Jan W. , Ajduković Maja , Ivanović Ana 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe salamander vertebral column is largely undifferentiated with a series of more or less uniform rib‐bearing presacral vertebrae traditionally designated as the trunk region. We explored regionalization of the salamander trunk in seven species and two subspecies of the salamander genus Lissotriton by the combination of microcomputed tomography scanning and geometric morphometrics. The detailed information on trunk vertebral shape was subjected to a multidimensional cluster analysis and a phenotypic trajectory analysis. With these complementary approaches, we observed a clear morphological regionalization. Clustering analysis showed that the anterior trunk vertebrae (T1 and T2) have distinct morphologies that are shared by all taxa, whereas the subsequent, more posterior vertebrae show significant disparity between species. The phenotypic trajectory analysis revealed that all taxa share a common pattern and amount of shape change along the trunk region. Altogether, our results support the hypothesis of a conserved anterior‐posterior developmental patterning which can be associated with different functional demands, reflecting (sub)species’ and, possibly, regional ecological divergences within species.
Sedation with dexmedetomidine is associated with transient gallbladder wall thickening and peritoneal effusion in some dogs undergoing abdominal ultrasonography
Authors: Seitz Marc A. , Lee Alison M. , Woodruff Kimberly A. , Thompson Alexis C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundDexmedetomidine often is used for sedation before or during abdominal ultrasonography. The effect of dexmedetomidine on gallbladder wall thickness is unknown.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between dexmedetomidine administration and gallbladder wall thickening in dogs. The hypothesis was that sedation with dexmedetomidine will cause transient gallbladder wall thickening. Gallbladder wall thickness will be associated with duration of sedation and recumbency position.AnimalsSeventy‐nine client owned dogs and 10 healthy research dogs.MethodsA prospective observational study (n = 79) was used to establish the prevalence of gallbladder wall thickening (> 2.0 mm) after sedation with dexmedetomidine. A randomized, crossover study (n = 10) was used to evaluate the effect of time and recumbency position on the development of gallbladder wall thickening. Linear mixed models were used.ResultsThe proportion of client‐owned dogs that developed gallbladder wall thickening was 24.05% (19/79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 15.1%‐35.0%) with a median dose of dexmedetomidine of 5.0 μg/kg (range, 2.0‐12.5 μg/kg). After sedation, the proportion of research dogs that developed gallbladder wall thickening in left lateral (5/10, 50%; 95% CI, 18.7%‐81.3%) and dorsal (7/10, 70%; 95% CI, 34.8%‐93.3%) recumbency did not differ significantly (P = .45). Gallbladder wall thickening developed within 20 to 40 minutes. Duration of sedation was significantly associated with thickening of the gallbladder wall (P < .001). Five dogs developed 9 instances of peritoneal effusion in both lateral (5) and dorsal (4) recumbency.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSedation with dexmedetomidine is associated with gallbladder wall thickening (> 2.0 mm) and peritoneal effusion that could be confused with pathologic etiologies.
Persistent illiberalism: Democracy, authoritarianism, and politics in Veracruz
Authors: Olvera Rivera Alberto J. , Andrade Guevara Víctor M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article aims to explain why, despite the democratic legal and institutional changes that have occurred in the political system in Veracruz over the last 30 years that now point to a competitive local electoral system, illiberal structures, and practices persist, through the continuity of a form of subnational authoritarianism. Examples of this system are the political controls exercised by regional caciques and union corporativism; the reproduction of clientelistic practices; the persistent problem of the low state institutional capacities; the lack of an effective division of powers; and—more recently—the empowerment of various organized crime groups. The justice system is broken by design. Political parties lack institutionality, credible leadership, and political programs. The public space is fragile and highly fragmented. Civil society is weak and very concentrated in the capital city at the federal level. Inequality and poverty are so widespread that working classes, peasants, indigenous peoples, and urban dwellers have no capacity to organize in an autonomous manner. This situation explains the persistence of illiberal structures and practices in the process of transition to and consolidation of democracy. Veracruz is an extreme example of all these processes.
A unified normalization method for homography estimation using combined point and line correspondences
Authors: Lu Linjun , Dai Fei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractData normalization is an essential and imperative step when using the direct linear transform method for homography estimation. However, the existing data normalization methods only rely on either point coordinates or line coefficients in computing homography, which is inapplicable to many civil infrastructure scenes, in which both points and lines exist but are scarce. It is plausible to maximize the accuracy level achievable by fully utilizing all points and lines available in these scenes. To fit this purpose, this study proposed a unified data normalization method for homography estimation by processing combined point and line correspondences. In this method, an analytical procedure was created to transform line coefficients for normalization under similarity transformation. By this procedure, formulas for defining parameters of the similarity transformation were developed and equations for pre‐ and post‐processing of data were established, leading to a pipeline that allows for solving different combinations of point and line correspondences simultaneously. Both simulation experiments and field tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of the method. The results showed that the method can effectively exploit all available point and line correspondences and significantly improve the accuracy for homography estimation under different measurement conditions.
Supporting multiple birth families: Perceptions and experiences of health visitors
Authors: Turville Nathalie , Alamad Lara , Denton Jane , Cook Robert , Harvey Merryl 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the current practice and perceptions of health visitors in supporting multiple birth families.Design and samplePracticing health visitors across the United Kingdom were invited to complete a cross‐sectional, descriptive, online survey. The questionnaire covered multiple birth caseload, education received about multiples and the experience of working with families. Two‐hundred and ninety health visitors completed the questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analysis of the quantitative components and thematic analysis for the qualitative data.ResultsMost health visitors had twins on their current workload. Most health visitors had not received any specific training or continuing professional development regarding the needs of multiple birth families. Supporting the families within the confines of reduced time and increased workload was challenging. Daily tasks of caring for multiples were the main areas that health visitors and parents wanted more information about.ConclusionsIn the United Kingdom, health visitors are uniquely positioned to support multiple birth families, in particular during the more challenging early years. However, the findings of this study suggest that many health visitors are aware that the care and support that they are able to provide multiple birth families falls short of meeting their needs