bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contextual Barriers of Respectful Workplace in Nursing
Authors: Nouri Azadeh , Sanagoo Akram , Jouybari Leila , Taleghani Fariba 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Respectful relationship among nurses is an important influencing factor of positive work environment and nursing outcomes. Disrespectful interpersonal behaviors set the scene for an unpleasant and unhealthy workplace in nursing. This can be harmful to persons and their organization and affect health care outcomes. This study was designed in order to search for contextual barriers to respectful behaviors in the context of nursing.

Materials and Methods:
This study was a focused ethnography that was carried out in medical-surgical wards of Shahid Chamran Hospital in Isfahan in 2018-2019. The data collection method consisted of 140 h of participant observation and semi-structured interviews with 34 informants. The nformants comprised 29 nurses, 2 assistant nurses, a physician, and 2 patients who were selected by purposive sampling. The first author of the study made direct observations as an outsider. The data were analyzed by Spradley's method.

Results:
Three main categories and eight subcategories were obtained from data analysis that are as follows: 1) Personal self: challenges of perceived respect (negative self-concept, unpleasant feelings, and ineffective communication), 2) Organizational-based perceived disrespect (poor organizational climate, inadequate job condition, restrictive organizational structure), 3) Social self: challenges of showed respect (implicit social norms, cultural gap).

Conclusions:
Individual and social attitudes, interactive communication, and organizational factors are the contextual determinants of a respectful workplace in nursing. Consequently, improving self-concept and effective communication skills as well as adjust organizational conditions and value conceptualization in society may effect a respectful workplace in nursing.
Pharmacognostical and Physicochemical Evaluation on Vata (Ficus benghalensis linn.) Jata (Aerial Roots)
Authors: Jawanjal Pravin , Harisha C. R. , Shukla V. J. , Patgiri B. J. , Savrikar S. S. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:

Vata (Ficus benghalensis Linn.) is a sacred medicinal plant since Vedic times. It spread all over by its hanging or supporting roots, hence called as Vata.

Aims:
The aim was to study the macro- and microscopic characters, physiochemical and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) profile of Vata (F. benghalensis Linn.) Jata (aerial roots).

Materials and Methods:
Experiments were performed on authenticated plant materials, following standard procedures. Macroscopic and microscopic pharmacognostical characters of aerial roots and histochemical studies were noted.

Results:
Externally, the aerial root is gray and rough along with transverse rows of lenticels. Inner part of the aerial root is reddishbrown fibrous nature in bark portion. The powder microscopy study revealed the presence of fragment of simple fiber without lumen, stone cells with tannin, simple starch grain with hilum, compound starch grain, fiber with denim contents, latex contents, tannin contents rhomboidal crystal 2, rhomboidal crystal 3, group of stone cell with tannin, and fiber passing through medullary rays. Discussion: Transverse section of aerial root showed outer interesting exodermis followed by cork and cortex. Cortex region abundantly enriched by calcium oxalate crystal and tannin content are the diagnostic characters.

Conclusion:
Results of pharmacognostical and physiochemical analysis including HPTLC on aerial roots will help in further standardization.
On dual unit balls of Thurston norms
Authors: Sane Abdoul Karim 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThurston norms are invariants of 3-manifolds defined on their second homology and understanding the shape of their dual unit balls is a widely open problem. In this article, we provide a large family of polytopes in$\mathbb {R}^{2g}$that appear like dual unit balls of Thurston norms, generalizing Thurston’s construction for polygons in$\mathbb {R}^2$.À mes enseignants, premiers
(Co)isotropic triples and poset representations
Authors: Herrmann Christian , Lorand Jonathan , Weinstein Alan 
Published: July 2021

We study triples of coisotropic or isotropic subspaces in symplectic vector spaces; in particular, we classify indecomposable structures of this kind. The classification depends on the ground field, which we assume only to be perfect and not of characteristic 2. Our work uses the theory of representations of partially ordered sets with (order reversing) involution; for (co)isotropic triples, the relevant poset is “2 + 2 + 2” consisting of three independent ordered pairs, with the involution exchanging the members of each pair.
A key feature of the classification is that any indecomposable (co)isotropic triple is either “split” or “non-split.” The latter is the case when the poset representation underlying an indecomposable (co)isotropic triple is itself indecomposable. Otherwise, in the “split” case, the underlying representation is decomposable and necessarily the direct sum of a dual pair of indecomposable poset representations; the (co)isotropic triple is a “symplectification.”
In the course of the paper we develop the framework of “symplectic poset representations,” which can be applied to a range of problems of symplectic linear algebra. The classification of linear Hamiltonian vector fields, up to conjugation, is an example; we briefly explain the connection between these and (co)isotropic triples.
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 Is Increased in Chagasic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Garcia Karina Oliveira , Silva Thiago Cerqueira , Nunes Maria C. Pereira , Felix Iuri Ferreira , Oliveira Murilo Araujo , Marques Maria E. Lisboa , Brito Santos Leila S. , Sousa Paulo R. S. Peixoto , Ramiro Muiños Pedro J. , Maia Renata Martins , Catto Marília Bazzo , Pereira Jesus Pedro A. , Barbosa eSilva Lucas C. , Ribeiro Antonio L. Pinho , Aras Roque , Rocha Giovanna Ladeia , Furie Karen L. , Oliveira-Filho Jamary 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT.
Chagas disease (CD) mainly conveys stroke risk through structural cardiac disease. However, stroke and cognitive impairment are seen in CD independently of cardiac disease severity. Chronic inflammation may be an explanation for this association, because inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acute ischemic stroke and dementia. In the present study, we selected five candidate biomarkers for Chagas disease: interleukin-6, membrane metalloproteinase-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP1), orosomucoid, and neprilysin. We sought to determine if mean levels of proinflammatory biomarkers are higher in patients with heart failure (HF) associated with Chagas disease when compared with other etiologies of HF. Patients were consecutively enrolled from subspecialty HF outpatient clinics at two university-based hospitals. Serum biomarker levels from blood samples were analyzed by ELISA. Severity of HF on echocardiography was worse in non-CD when compared with CD patients. No significant difference was observed in the levels of candidate biomarkers between the CD and non-CD groups. We found a significantly 2.2 ng/mL higher level of TIMP1 in CD when compared with non-CD patients with HF after adjustment for age and gender (95% confidence interval = 0.1 to 4.5, P = 0.037). In patients with heart failure, serum TIMP1 is increased in Chagas patients despite a lower myocardial disease severity on echocardiography when compared with non-Chagas patients. TIMP1 is probably one of multiple mediators of inflammatory injury.
Social and Environmental Determinants of Community-Acquired Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli in Children Living in Semirural Communities of Quito, Ecuador
Authors: Kurowski Kathleen M. , Marusinec Rachel , Amato Heather K. , Saraiva-Garcia Carlos , Loayza Fernanda , Salinas Liseth , Trueba Gabriel , Graham Jay P. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT.
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL), a family of bacteria that includes Escherichia coli, have emerged as a global health threat. This study examined risks associated with carriage of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GC-R) E. coli, including ESBL-producing, multidrug-resistant, and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains in children living in semirural parishes of Quito, Ecuador. We conducted a longitudinal study with two cycles of sampling (N = 374, N = 366) that included an analysis of child fecal samples and survey questions relating to water, sanitation, and hygiene, socioeconomic status, household crowding, and animal ownership. We used multivariate regression models to assess risk factors associated with a child being colonized. Across the two cycles, 18.4% (n = 516) of the 3GC-R isolates were ESBL-producing E. coli, and 40.3% (n = 516) were XDR E. coli. Children living in households that owned between 11 and 20 backyard animals had an increased odds of being colonized with XDR E. coli (odds ratio [OR] = 1.94, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–3.60) compared with those with no animals. Households that reported smelling odors from commercial poultry had increased odds of having a child positive for XDR E. coli (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.11–2.66). Our results suggest that colonization of children with antimicrobial-resistant E. coli is influenced by exposure to backyard and commercial livestock and poultry. Future studies should consider community-level risk factors because child exposures to drug-resistant bacteria are likely influenced by neighborhood and regional risk factors.
Nosocomial Respiratory Infections in a Rural Zambian Hospital
Authors: Loevinsohn Gideon , Hardick Justin , Mehoke Thomas , Sinywimaanzi Pamela , Hamahuwa Mutinta , Fenstermacher Katherine Z. J. , Shaw-Saliba Kathryn , Thielen Peter , Evans Jared , Bowden Kenneth , Zudock Kristina , Sauer Lauren M. , Monze Mwaka , Gaydos Charlotte A. , Rothman Richard E. , Pekosz Andrew , Thuma Philip E. , Sutcliffe Catherine G. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT.
The burden of nosocomial respiratory infections in rural southern Africa is poorly understood. We established a surveillance program at a rural Zambian hospital to detect influenza-like illness (ILI) and respiratory infections among hospitalized patients and a cohort of healthcare workers (HCWs). Nasopharyngeal specimens from symptomatic patients and HCWs underwent broadly multiplexed molecular testing to detect viruses and atypical bacteria. During 1 year of surveillance, 15 patients (1.7% of admissions) developed ILI more than 48 hours after admission. Among 44 HCWs, 19 (43%) experienced at least one ILI episode, with a total of 31 ILI episodes detected. Respiratory viruses were detected in 45% of patient and 55% of HCW specimens. The cumulative incidence of influenza infection among HCWs over 1 year was 9%. Overall, respiratory viruses were commonly found among patients and HCWs in a rural Zambian hospital with limited infection control infrastructure.
Necrotizing Skin and Soft Tissue Infections Admitted to Intensive Care Unit in Reunion Island: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Vandroux David , Nkusu Alexia Mubuanga , Gauzere Bernard-Alex , Martinet Olivier 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT.
This retrospective and single-center study in Reunion Island (Indian Ocean) assessed frequency, mortality, causative pathogens of severe necrotizing skin, and necrotizing skin and soft tissue infections (NSSTIs) admitted in intensive care unit (ICU). Sixty-seven consecutive patients were included from January 2012 to December 2018. Necrotizing skin and soft tissue infection represented 1.06% of total ICU admissions. We estimate the incidence of NSSTI requiring ICU at 1.21/100,000 person/years in Reunion Island. Twenty (30%) patients were receiving nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) prior to admission in ICU and 40 (60%) were diagnosed patients with diabetes. Sites of infection were the lower limb in 52 (78%) patients, upper limb in 4 (6%), and perineum in 10 (15%). The surgical treatment was debridement for 40 patients, whereas 11 patients required an amputation. The most commonly isolated microorganisms were Streptococci (42%) and Gram-negative bacteria (22%).The mortality rate was 25.4%. NSAIDs did not influence mortality when interrupted upon admission to ICU.
Revisiting COVID-19 Communication in Western Africa: A Health Literacy-based Approach to Health Communication
Authors: Seytre Bernard , Barros Cristano , Bona Philip , Fall Babacar , Konaté Blahima , Rodrigues Amabelia , Varela Octávio , Blé Yoro Marcel 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT.
Adherence to protective measures is a major component of COVID-19 epidemic control. COVID-19 health literacy is a major driver of this adherence, and the evaluation of health literacy levels is the basis for designing an effective communication strategy. We conducted a quantitative socio-anthropological study of the knowledge of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and perception of the prevention messages in Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, and Sierra Leone. There are widespread erroneous ideas regarding the transmission of and the protection against COVID-19. The majority of people are unaware that asymptomatic individuals can transmit the virus. Knowledge of the risk factors for severe disease is not sufficient, and the majority of individuals fear contracting COVID-19 by visiting a health center. Our study also shows the achievements of communication campaigns on several aspects: almost everybody has heard of the virus and heard or read the messages on the protective measures and a large majority of people think that these measures are effective against COVID-19. Based on these results, we propose a communication strategy that will emphasize that asymptomatic individuals can transmit the virus, emphasize the risk factors, reassure individuals regarding the safety of frequenting health centers, and design specific messages targeting young populations.
The Association of Low Blood Glucose and Low Serum Cortisol Levels in Severely Ill Children Admitted to Tertiary Referral Hospitals in Malawi: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Ngwalangwa Fatsani , Katumbi Clifford , Dube Queen , Langton Josephine , Baker Tim , Janson Annika , Hildenwall Helena 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT.
Low blood glucose concentrations < 5 mmol/L in severely ill children presenting to hospitals in low-income countries are associated with mortality. Adrenal insufficiency with low cortisol levels may contribute to low blood glucose concentrations. Understanding the association between low cortisol and low blood glucose may assist in improving guidelines for management of severely ill children. The study aimed to determine the association between low serum cortisol and low blood glucose in severely ill children. A matched case-control study of children aged 1 month to 15 years was conducted at two tertiary hospitals in Malawi. Cases were children with blood glucose <  5 mmol/L. Two age-matched controls with blood glucose of ≥  5–15 mmol/L were enrolled per case. Low cortisol was defined as serum cortisol of < 25 µg/dL (690 nmol/L) and adrenal insufficiency as serum cortisol of < 10 µg/dL (276 nmol/L). A total of 54 cases and 108 controls were enrolled with, median age of 2.8 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 1.7–4.4). The median cortisol level was 58.7 µg/dL (IQR: 42.3–61.8) in cases and 40.9 µg/dL (IQR: 33.7–51.2) in controls (P = 0.911). The proportion of low cortisol was 4/54 (7.4%) in cases and 9/108 (8.3%) in controls. Logistic regression shows no association between low cortisol and low blood glucose (adjusted odds ratio: 0.33; 95% confidence interval, 0.04–3.02). Results suggest that there is no association between low cortisol and low blood glucose among severely ill children presenting to hospitals in Malawi. The reason for low blood glucose needs further investigation.
18FDG-Positron Emission Tomography in patients with Tuberculous Meningitis: A Prospective Evaluation
Authors: Nigam Harish , Gambhir Sanjay , Pandey Shweta , Garg Ravindra Kumar , Verma Rajesh , Paliwal Vimal Kumar , Malhotra Hardeep Singh , Sharma Praveen Kumar , Kumar Neeraj , Rizvi Imran , Jain Amita , Kohli Neera , Saini Vivek Kumar , Uniyal Ravi 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT.
Lower yield of available diagnostic tests for tuberculous meningitis (TBM) frequently causes delay in diagnosis. Recently, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) has been used in infectious disorders such as pulmonary tuberculosis; however, it is rarely used in TBM. This study was aimed to ascertain the role of FDG PET in the diagnosis and determination of the extent of disease and prognosis in patients with TBM. After excluding unsuitable patients, 25 patients were subjected to whole-body PET–computed tomography (CT) image acquisition along with separate brain protocol with an integrated PET-CT device. FDG PET was found to be abnormal in 92% patients. Extracranial FDG uptake was observed in 80% patients. Most common extracranial site of involvement was lymph nodes (60%), followed by lung (56%), vertebral body (8%), genitourinary organs (8%), and spleen (4%). FDG PET observed extracranial involvement had 80% sensitivity and 20% specificity in detecting definite TBM cases. In conclusion, FDG PET may be a useful test in TBM evaluation.
Assessment of a New Antigen Detection Test for the Diagnosis of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis
Authors: Abeijon Claudia , Pizzirani Stefano , Campos-Neto Antonio 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT.
Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is a serious zoonotic disease in Brazil and Southern Europe. CVL is primarily caused by Leishmania infantum and its diagnosis relies largely on detection of parasites in bone marrow or lymph node aspirates by microscopic observation of the parasites in stained smears, parasite culture, or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Serological tests exist but they do not distinguish active disease from simple exposure to parasite antigens. Here, we have assessed the utility of a new monoclonal antibody––based antigen (protein) detection test for the diagnosis of CVL. The test was positive in 70% of beagle dogs experimentally infected with L. infantum. In contrast, culture of the parasites from bone marrow aspirates was positive in only 40% of the infected animals. These preliminary results suggest that this antigen detection test, which we have recently described for the diagnosis of human VL, has the potential to be a useful diagnostic tool for CVL.
IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY (NEP) 2020 OF INDIA: A PERSPECTIVE ON PEDAGOGY FROM BHAGWAD GITA
Authors: Gyananand Maharaj Gita Manishi Swami , Ahuja Markanday , Malhotra Amarjeet Kaur 
Published: July 2021

<p>Purpose: The axle of this study is to trace out the educational implications from Bhagwad Gita with specific reference to ‘Pedagogy’ aspect in the successful implementation of National Education Policy-2020 of India. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses qualitative approach and deploys a mix of desktop and Hermeneutics analysis to trace out the educational implications with specific reference to ‘Pedagogy’ aspect while seeking perspective from Bhagwad Gita. The national education policy had been studied in detail and tens of research papers on pedagogy aspect along with a deeper study of Bhagwad Gita were studied to seek a perspective on pedagogy aspect of NEP-2020. Findings: The study concludes that the philosophy of the Bhagavad Gita has great potential to address the some of the crucial aspects of NEP-2020 especially the Pedagogy, which in itself is the most crucial deciding factor in the successful implementation of the NEP-2020. Thus, the success in implementation of NEP-2020 will depend on many factors including the pedagogy used by teachers who have to actually implement the policy at the ground level. The study concludes that the NEP 2020 can be successfully implemented by drawing learning with respect to pedagogy from our ancient treatise Shrimad Bhagwat Gita, which still stands ahead of times. This implies that in order to achieve the objectives of the new education system as laid down by NEP-2020, it is imperative to pay special attention to the pedagogical aspect of teaching, which in turn can be adopted from Bhagwad Gita. Originality/value: This is the first study of its kind where a mix of desktop and Hermeneutics analysis has been used while drawing inferences and relevance from Bhagwad Gita on Pedagogy aspect of NEP-2020, which could become the basis for successful implementation of the same and also for future studies in this direction.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0792/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
PEMBELAJARAN DENGAN TEKNIK PENGUATAN POSITIF, NEGATIF DAN PENGHUKUMAN PADA PESERTA DIDIK DALAM KELUARGA DI MASA DARING
Authors: Satriyawan Aziz Nuri , Lusyana Evvy 
Published: July 2021

Adanya pandemi covid-19 ini, menyebabkan kegiatan belajar mengajar dilaksanakan dengan pembelajaran jarak jauh/daring. Yang tidak terlepas dari peran keluarga untuk tetap mengawasi dan membimbing anaknya secara kontinyu selama pembelajaran di rumah. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan dan mengetahui secara mendalam tentang pengembangan pembelajaran di masa daring pada peseta didik dalam keluarga.. Subjek penelitian ini adalah tiga anak laki-laki & empat anak perempuan dan orang tua. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertama, pembelajaran jarak jauh/daring dilaksanakan setiap hari senin sampai jum’at yang dimulai dari pukul 07.30 sampai pukul 14.00 WIB dengan memanfaatkan whatsapp group, guru menyampaikan materi/tugas, kemudian dikerjakan oleh peserta didik. kedua, teknik ini bisa dijadikan sebagai referensi untuk meningkatkan respons anak. Dari hasil obsevasi peneliti menunjukkan bahwa selama orang tua mendampingi dan membmbing anaknya teknik penguatan positif, negatif maupun hukuman, mampu membakat semangat peserta didik dalam hal mengerjakan tugas yang dilakukan dengan mandiri. Serta mampu mengurangi aktivitas anak yang tidak bermanfaat. Ada beberapa dampak positif dari pandemi covid-19 utamanya bagi keluarga, pertama, orang tua lebih mudah dalam mengawasi dan membimbing anak secara langsung kedua,penggunaan smartphone atau gadget mudah terkontrol hanya untuk kebutuhan belajar mengajar anak.