bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between cesarean delivery and child mortality: A national record linkage longitudinal study of 17.8 million births in Brazil
Authors: Paixao Enny S. , Bottomley Christian , Pescarini Julia M. , Wong Kerry L. M. , Cardim Luciana L. , Ribeiro Silva Rita de Cássia , Brickley Elizabeth B. , Rodrigues Laura C. , Oliveira Alves Flavia Jôse , Leal Maria do Carmo , Costa Maria da Conceicao N. , Teixeira Maria Gloria , Ichihara Maria Yury , Smeeth Liam , Barreto Mauricio L. , Campbell Oona M. R. 
Published: October 2021

Background
There is an increasing use of cesarean delivery (CD) based on preference rather than on medical indication. However, the extent to which nonmedically indicated CD benefits or harms child survival remains unclear. Our hypothesis was that in groups with a low indication for CD, this procedure would be associated with higher child mortality and in groups with a clear medical indication CD would be associated with improved child survival chances.

Methods and findings
We conducted a population-based cohort study in Brazil by linking routine data on live births between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2018 and assessing mortality up to 5 years of age. Women with a live birth who contributed records during this period were classified into one of 10 Robson groups based on their pregnancy and delivery characteristics. We used propensity scores to match CD with vaginal deliveries (1:1) and prelabor CD with unscheduled CD (1:1) and estimated associations with child mortality using Cox regressions. A total of 17,838,115 live births were analyzed. After propensity score matching (PSM), we found that live births to women in groups with low expected frequencies of CD (Robson groups 1 to 4) had a higher death rate up to age 5 years if they were born via CD compared with vaginal deliveries (HR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.22 to 1.28; p < 0.001). The relative rate was greatest in the neonatal period (HR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.34 to 1.45; p < 0.001). There was no difference in mortality rate when comparing offspring born by a prelabor CD to those born by unscheduled CD. For the live births to women with a CD in a prior pregnancy (Robson group 5), the relative rates for child mortality were similar for those born by CD compared with vaginal deliveries (HR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.10; p = 0.024). In contrast, for live births to women in groups with high expected rates of CD (Robson groups 6 to 10), the child mortality rate was lower for CD than for vaginal deliveries (HR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.89 to 0.91; p < 0.001), particularly in the neonatal period (HR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.83 to 0.85; p < 0.001). Our results should be interpreted with caution in clinical practice, since relevant clinical data on CD indication were not available.

Conclusions
In this study, we observed that in Robson groups with low expected frequencies of CD, this procedure was associated with a 25% increase in child mortality. However, in groups with high expected frequencies of CD, the findings suggest that clinically indicated CD is associated with a reduction in child mortality.
Pertumbuhan Cacing Tanah (Lumbricus rubellus) dan Komposisi Kompos pada Media yang Diperkaya Limbah Rumah Makan dan Limbah Industri Tahu
Authors: Anggada Richard D , Sucahyo Sucahyo , Hastuti Susanti Pudji 
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui komposisi media terbaik untuk pertumbuhan cacing tanah (L. rubellus), ditinjau dari perubahan panjang akhir, laju pertumbuhan relatif berdasarkan panjang, massa basah, dan massa kering akhir, dan mengetahui komposisi kompos yang dihasilkan dari media yang diperkaya limbah rumah makan dan limbah industri tahu. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) 4 variasi selama 60 hari. Masing-masing perlakuan dibuat 5x ulangan. Hasil pertumbuhan cacing pada perlakuan 25% kotoran sapi : 25% limbah rumah makan : 50% limbah tahu tidak dapat diukur karena cacing 100% mati. Perlakuan dengan 50% kotoran sapi : 25 % limbah rumah makan : 25% limbah tahu menunjukkan hasil paling baik untuk mendukung pertumbuhan cacing tanah ditinjau dari panjang tubuh akhir, laju pertumbuhan relatif, massa basah akhir, dan massa kering akhir. Kompos yang dihasilkan dari ketiga perlakuan menunjukan Kadar C organik, kadar hara makro (N, P, dan K), serta pH sudah sesuai dengan standar Peraturan Menteri Pertanian (Permentan) No. 70 tahun 2011 tentang Pupuk Organik, Pupuk Hayati dan Pembenah Tanah. Kata kunci : laju pertumbuhan, C organik, hara makro
Efek Naungan dan Umur Tanaman Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Profil Metabolit Bunga Krisan (Chrysanthemum sp.)
Authors: Hana Puji Nur , Nurchayati Yulita , Budihastuti Rini 
Published: October 2021

Pertumbuhan dan profil metabolit tanaman krisan (Chrysathemum sp.) dipengaruhi umur fisiologi dan cahaya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan kombinasi naungan dan umur fisiologi tanaman terhadap pertumbuhan dan profil metabolit bunga krisan, serta mengetahui senyawa spesifik dari profil metabolit bunga krisan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Krisan Bandungan Jawa Tengah pada bulan Maret hingga Oktober 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktor tunggal 4 perlakuan dengan 10 kali ulangan, yaitu kombinasi perlakuan naungan 0% umur fisiologi tanaman 80 HST (P0 U80) dan 125 HST (P0 U125), naungan 75% umur fisiologi tanaman 80 HST (P1 U80) dan 125 HST (P1 U125). Perlakuan P0 U125 menghasilkan pertumbuhan tanaman paling tinggi yaitu 131,40 cm, dan diameter bunga yang lebih besar yaitu 6,38 cm. Perlakuan P1 U125 menghasilkan jumlah bunga terbanyak yaitu 21,40 bunga. Perlakuan naungan 0% menyebabkan waktu inisiasi bunga lebih cepat 104,1 HST dibanding naungan 75% 112,8 HST. Kesimpulkan penelitian ini adalah perlakuan kombinasi berpengaruh terhadap tinggi tanaman dan jumlah bunga pada krisan. Pertumbuhan tanaman krisan tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan P0 U125, jumlah bunga tertinggi pada perlakuan P1 U125. Terdapat senyawa spesifik etil linoleat pada perlakuan P1 U125, merupakan kelompok senyawa asam lemak pembentuk pyrethrin yang berpotensi sebagai insektisida nabati. Kata kunci: bioinsektisda, metabolit sekunder, intensitas cahaya, umur tanaman
Pengaruh Formalin dan Periode Simpan terhadap Viabilitas dan Pertumbuhan Awal Benih Kelengkeng (Dimocarpus longan)
Authors: Akbar Sifron , Lukiwati Dwi Retno , Kusmiyati Florentina 
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh penggunaan formalin dan periode simpan terhadap viabilitas dan pertumbuhan awal benih kelengkeng. Rancangan percobaan berdasarkan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial dengan 4 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah formalin (0%, 0,5%, 1% dan 2%). Faktor kedua adalah periode simpan dengan 3 taraf (tanpa penyimpanan, 15 dan 30 hari). Parameter yang diamati adalah daya kecambah, kecepatan berkecambah, Jumlah daun dan tinggi bibit kelengkeng. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis ragam taraf 5% dan apabila berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05), dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak berganda Duncan (DMRT) pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meningkatnya kadar formalin, nyata menurunkan daya kecambah dan kecepatan berkecambah, sedangkan kadar formalin 0,5% dengan 30 hari periode simpan optimal meningkatkan jumlah daun dan tinggi tanaman. Kata kunci : kelengkeng, formalin, periode simpan, viabilitas, pertumbuhan awal
Semantic scope restrictions in complex verb constructions in Dutch
Authors: Coussé Evie , Bouma Gerlof 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article addresses the question of how and why verbs combine in complex verb constructions in Dutch. We discuss introspective data reported in reference grammars and add evidence from corpus data to uncover the systematic ways in which Dutch verbs combine. Our analysis shows that verbs expressing meanings such as tense, aspect, modality and evidentiality are organized in a semantic scope hierarchy; that is, some verb meanings systematically have scope over others but not the other way round. We argue that this scope hierarchy reflects hierarchies of functional categories, elaborated in both functional and generative frameworks.
Pituitary adenoma in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: a cohort study
Authors: Le Bras Maelle , Leclerc Hélène , Rousseau Olivia , Goudet Pierre , Cuny Thomas , Castinetti Frederic , Bauters Catherine , Chanson Philippe , Tabarin Antoine , Gaujoux Sebastien , Christin-Maitre Sophie , Ruszniewski Philippe , Borson-Chazot Francoise , Guilhem Isabelle , Caron Philippe , Goichot Bernard , Beckers Albert , Delemer Brigitte , Raingeard Isabelle , Vergès Bruno , Smati Sarra , Wargny Matthieu , Cariou Bertrand , Hadjadj Samy 
Published: October 2021

Objective
Pituitary adenoma (PA) is one of the three major components of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1). Recent studies have suggested that MEN1-associated PAs are less aggressive than initially estimated. We propose an analysis of the outcome of PAs with a standard of care treatment in a nationwide cohort of MEN1 patients.

Design
Retrospective observational nationwide cohort study using the MEN1 patient registry from the French Group of Endocrine Tumours (GTE).

Methods
The GTE database population consists of 1435 patients with MEN1. This analysis focused on 551 patients recruited after 2000 with at least 3 years of follow-up. The study outcome was tumour progression of PA defined by an increase in Hardy classification (HC) during follow-up according to referring physician regular reports.

Results
Among 551 MEN1 patients (index and related), 202 (36.7%) had PA, with 114 (56.4%) diagnosed by MEN1-related screening. PAs were defined according to HC as microadenoma (grade I) in 117 cases (57.9%), macroadenoma in 59 (29.2%) with 20 HC grade II and 39 HC grades III–IV and unspecified in 26 (12.8%). They were prolactinomas in 92 cases (45.5%) and non-secreting in 73 (36.1%). After a median follow-up of 3 years among the 137 patients with HC grades I–II, 4 patients (2.9%) presented tumour progression.

Conclusion
PAs in patients with MEN1 are less aggressive than previously thought. Tumour progression is rare with a standard of care monitoring and treatment, especially in related patients who mostly present non-secreting microadenoma. MRI monitoring for asymptomatic MEN1 patients should be reduced accordingly.
Probable Bruxism and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life
Authors: Mendiburu-Zavala Celia Elena  del Perpetuo Socorro , Naal-Canto Aourumy Alessandra , Peñaloza-Cuevas Ricardo , Carrillo Mendiburu Josué 
Published: October 2021

Bruxism is the habit of squeezing and grinding the dental organs (ODs), with dental contacts that have no purpose. The Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) is defined as a multidimensional aspect that reflects the comfort of the individual in relation to their physiological and psychological functions, of the state of oral health. To determine the relationship between probable bruxism and OHRQoL in patients who came for care at the University Unit of Social Insertion (UUIS) of the Autonomous University of Yucatán (UADY), México from September 2019 to January 2020. Observational, analytical of case controls and cross-sectional. Two instruments were applied to 70 patients: the OHIP-EE-14 (validated by Castrejón-Pérez R.C., Borges-Yañez S.A.) and a questionnaire prepared by Mendiburu-Zavala C., based on Ordoñez Plaza et al., González-Emsoto et al., and De La Hoz-Aizpurua et al for the diagnosis of probable bruxism. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. 47.1% (n=33) did present probable bruxism (CPB) and 52.9% (n=37) did not (SPB). The most frequent age group was 18-35 years old, with 67.2% (n=47), 34.3% (n=24) CPB. The most frequent circadian manifestation was waking with 49% (n=16). Those of CPB, a mean of 20.45±7.95 was obtained in the OHIP-EE-14 for the OHRQoL and SPB score, the mean was 7.81±4.84. There are statistically significant differences between CPB and SPB patients (p<.001). The probable bruxism does affect the OHRQoL level.
El uso inadecuado de aceites de frituras genera malonaldehído, sustancia tóxica para la salud
Authors: Bonilla Mosquera Nayibe , Pérez Garzón María Fernanda , Millán Estupiñán Juan Carlos 
Published: October 2021

Tema y alcance: el propósito de este estudio fue analizar el contenido de aldehídos, específicamente malonaldehído, presente en aceites de frituras para la preparación de alimentos en la Universidad Santiago de Cali, sus efectos en la salud durante 2016-2017 y la vulneración del derecho a un ambiente sano.
Características: estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal. Se realizó análisis univariado y bivariado. Se utilizó una hoja de cálculo Epi Info versión 7.0. Se entrevistó al personal que labora en las cafeterías de una institución de educación superior y se estudiaron las normas constitucionales.
Hallazgos: este estudio encontró que existe una ligera tendencia a obtener mayores valores en las mediciones del pH para el caso de los aceites nuevos empleados en cada uno de los establecimientos, pero en las mediciones de los aceites reusados los pH fueron bajos. También, es importante destacar que en ningún caso las mediciones de pH para los aceites nuevos fueron menores a los valores para los aceites usados. Al analizar el bivariado entre el valor del promedio de la muestra y la prueba tba, se encontró que a mayores valores de promedio, los valores de la prueba de tba aumentaron, con un coeficiente de correlación de rangos de Spearman de 1 (correlación perfecta).
Conclusión: los parámetros evaluados de pH, color, temperatura y formación de tba permitieron confirmar el cambio en las cualidades de los aceites analizados y la presencia de malonaldehído en las muestras recolectadas en las cafeterías y en las réplicas obtenidas en el laboratorio, lo que genera expectativas frente a la salud de la población y requiere de toma de decisiones por parte de la institución.
Estudio comparativo de la intervención de grupos antidisturbios para el restablecimiento de derechos
Authors: Cardona Quiceno Carolina , Puerto Joya Edith Johana , Beltrán Peñuela Karen Margarita , Fajardo Pascagaza Ernesto , Cervantes Estrada Luis Carlos 
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: artículo producto de la investigación realizada por el Grupo de Investigación ecsan acerca de la relación entre educación y pedagogía; tiene como fin analizar la intervención de los grupos antidisturbios de Colombia, Chile y Brasil en la protesta social desde la normativa nacional e internacional, un análisis de estructura y comparativo con la normatividad interna que regula el procedimiento a seguir en el control de multitudes, propiamente las fases antes, durante y después, sin olvidar la estructura estatal y de policía.
Metodología: investigación cualitativa, de análisis interpretativo, con apoyo en fuentes primarias y secundarias, y triangulación de la información.
Resultados: en el comparativo de la intervención en la protesta social, los organismos internacionales referencian una constante en el excesivo uso de la fuerza por parte de los grupos antidisturbios en los países objeto de estudio, lo cual se puede reflejar en denuncias y sanciones para el uniformado, la policía y el Estado en cuanto a los procedimientos de intervención de la protesta social y demás textos procedimentales que carecen de canales de diálogo por parte de los grupos antidisturbios.
Conclusiones: se plantea una propuesta institucional para la Policía Nacional de Colombia, en pro de la comunicación asertiva y previa con quienes ejercen su derecho a la protesta.
Seguridad y ciudadanía en México
Authors: Ramírez Martínez Eduardo Aristóteles 
Published: October 2021

Propósito: el texto es una propuesta para fortalecer las capacidades ciudadanas en materia de seguridad en el contexto mexicano.
Descripción: el incremento de los índices de violencia y delincuencia exige una ciudadanía más participativa y con mayores herramientas para colaborar con las autoridades. Por ello, busca empoderar al ciudadano para que ayude a las autoridades, a través de la valoración de elementos técnicos y de derechos humanos, a fin de vigilar la seguridad y las acciones gubernamentales en la materia.
Punto de vista: la propuesta busca empoderar y legitimar a la ciudadanía como observadores e interlocutores válidos.
Conclusiones: con esta posibilidad, creemos, los niveles de seguridad mejorarán sensiblemente.
The Criminological Principles of Crime Prevention in the Field of Physical Culture and Sports of Ukraine
Authors: Dixi Revista , Dzhuzha Olexandr M. , Vasylevych Vitaly V. , Telefanko Bohdan M. , Filipenko Nataliіa E. 
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this paper is to examine to what extent the criminological foundation has been established by Ukraine in ensuring it's prevention in the domain of physical culture and sport. Crime commission has been always in the increase in every society even though with the existence of credible principles and sanctions. We all know that in the domain of physical culture and sport experience of all nature of crimes are encountered and this has affected the very existence of this discipline. There is no way we can have an effective recognition of this fields if appropriate measures and not taken in curbing the crime level in the areas. Crime in the field of physical culture and sports covers almost all types of crime of the Special Part of Criminology. The current lack of objective data on state statistics on issues of our interest, and the urgent need to study crimes in the field of physical culture and sports require the development of appropriate conceptual approaches to collecting and summarizing own empirical information, taking into account the tasks of this research and perspectives of implementing obtained results into practical activities of police units. The authors of the article have tried to develop criminological characteristics and prevention of crimes in the field of physical culture and sports. The authors have emphasized the high latency of this type of crime, as well as the methodology of research of this phenomenon; they have revealed the brief characteristics of the criminal’s personality in the field of physical culture and sports. Preventive measures against these crimes have been grounded. Propositions for improving the legal regulation of criminal and legal prevention of criminal encroachments within sports have been provided.tribute to improving the health, physical and spiritual development of the population.
Una mirada a las Organizaciones Solidarias activas en la Provincia de Guanentá Departamento de Santander Colombia.
Authors: Corzo Gutiérrez Nohora , Sarmiento Blanco Uriel , Fajardo Miguel Arturo 
Published: October 2021

La economía solidaria ha evolucionado durante más de 40 años, a tal grado que algunos investigadores ven
a las provincias del sur de Santander como un escenario del Modelo Cooperativista, una gran alternativa
de desarrollo para las regiones. Por lo anterior, el objetivo general este estudio fue la caracterización de las
Organizaciones Solidarias (os) activas en la provincia de Guanentá. En primer lugar, se identificaron las organizaciones solidarias existentes, posteriormente, se realizó un mapeo de dichas entidades y, finalmente, se identificaron algunas experiencias solidarias significativas presentes en la región. Para la investigación, se
utilizó como metodología un enfoque mixto (cuantitativo y cualitativo), de carácter descriptivo-exploratorio y
de corte transversal. Las técnicas utilizadas fueron la encuesta y la entrevista, el instrumento utilizado fue el
cuestionario. Cabe mencionar que la encuesta se aplicó a 399 os y la entrevista a 11 os identificadas como
experiencias significativas. Los hallazgos encontrados servirán de fuente de información para las instituciones interesadas en fortalecer el desarrollo de la economía solidaria en los municipios. Asimismo, el artículo resalta las características del capital social de las organizaciones solidarias, especialmente, su compromiso y su acción en la transformación social.
Application of Artificial Neural Network to ANPR: An Overview
Authors: Paruchuri Harish 
Published: October 2021

Vehicle owner documentation and traffic flow mechanism have contributed to a major issue in each country. From time to time it turns out to be challenging to detect car owners who fault traffic regulations. Hence, it of interest to us to investigate designs for automatic number plate detection structure as a clarification and proffer solution to this issue. There are several automatic number plate detection or recognition structure existing today. The structure is according to diverse methods nonetheless automatic number plate recognition is still a difficult job as many of the parameters such as a fast-moving vehicle, non-uniform car number plate, the language used in writing the vehicle number and various lighting situations may hinder 100% detection rate. Many of the structure-function underneath these boundaries. This paper review diverse methods of automatic number plate recognition considering success rate, picture size, and processing time as factors. However, automatic number plate detection is recommended for traffic regulating agencies.
Nasal foreign bodies: our experience
Authors: Sharma Rakesh , Malhotra Abhishek 
Published: October 2021

Background: The experience of a mother of a child with a foreign body stuck in its nasal cavity can be quite panicky and horrifying. The nasal foreign bodies are one of the commonest emergencies in the department of otorhinolaryngology. The common foreign body objects that are removed from the nasal cavity includes beads, pencil butts, peas or other grains, seeds, sponge, stones, paper bits, erasers, metallic objects, crayons, batteries.Methods: An observational prospective study was performed at the department of otorhinolaryngology, government medical college, Kathua, Jammu and Kashmir. In this study we examined 120 cases of foreign body nose that had presented to us from March 2019 up to March 2020. Once detected a written consent was obtained from the patient’s attendants after duly explaining the involved risks to the child. Thereafter the foreign bodies were removed using appropriate instruments. Microsoft Excel tool were used to analyze and interpretate the data.Results: Amongst the 120 patients, there were 23 adults and 97 children under 10 years. Study included 72 males and 48 females. The 86 patients had a clear history of foreign body insertion. The 12 patients were brought to our OPD with history of a long standing unilateral nasal discharge. The 12 patients had presented with history of epistaxis. Eight patients had presented with headache and recurrent episodes of rhinorrhea. Two cases presented with symptoms of pain over the nasal bridge and swelling. In our study 86% of the patients were brought with a history of foreign body insertion and only 14% a foreign body was detected when the child had presented to the outpatient department with nasal complaints. Amongst the patients 88 of them (74%) had presented with foreign bodies in their right nostril.Conclusions: Any history of insertion of a foreign body inside the nose should be thoroughly investigated. Appropriate clinical examination and diagnostic nasal endoscopy (wherever indicated) should be done. Appropriate instrument should be selected and used for foreign body removal.