bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Drying Regimes of Non‐Perennial Rivers and Streams
Authors: Price Adam N. , Jones C. Nathan , Hammond John C. , Zimmer Margaret A. , Zipper Samuel C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe flow regime paradigm is central to the aquatic sciences, where flow drives critical functions in lotic systems. Non‐perennial streams comprise the majority of global river length, thus we extended this paradigm to stream drying. Using 894 USGS gages, we isolated 25,207 drying events from 1979 to 2018, represented by a streamflow peak followed by no flow. We calculated hydrologic signatures for each drying event and using multivariate statistics, grouped events into drying regimes characterized by: (a) fast drying, (b) long no‐flow duration, (c) prolonged drying following low antecedent flows, (d) drying without a distinctive hydrologic signature. 77% of gages had more than one drying regime at different times within the study period. Random forests revealed land cover/use are more important to how a river dries than climate or physiographic characteristics. Clustering stream drying behavior may allow practitioners to more systematically adapt water resource management practices to specific drying regimes or rivers.
Gravitational Circulation as Driver of Upstream Migration of Estuarine Sand Dunes
Authors: van der Sande W. M. , Roos P. C. , Gerkema T. , Hulscher S. J. M. H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSand dunes are large‐scale rhythmic bed patterns commonly occurring in sandy shelf seas, estuaries and rivers. Field observations of sand dunes in the Gironde estuary (France) have suggested that the gravitational circulation may cause seasonal reversal of asymmetry, which is linked to migration direction. In this study, we aim to unravel the influence of gravitational circulation on the migration of estuarine sand dunes. To this end, we present an idealized process‐based sand dune model with tide and river forcing, and the addition of a longitudinal salinity gradient (imposed diagnostically) that induces gravitational circulation. Linear stability analysis shows the emergence of dunes from a flat bed and confirms that reversal of dune migration may occur, provided the gravitational circulation is sufficiently strong compared to the river flow velocity. Lastly, we show that the migration direction of estuarine sand dunes is not necessarily the same as the direction of net sediment transport.
Inside a Lunar Mini‐Magnetosphere: First Energetic Neutral Atom Measurements on the Lunar Surface
Authors: Xie Lianghai , Li Lei , Zhang Aibing , Zhang Yiteng , Cao Jinbin , Wieser Martin , Zhang Xiaoping , Wang Jingdong , Zhou Bin , Feng Yongyong , Kong Linggao , Li Yong , Wang Fang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDue to lack of in situ observations, people still know little about the formation conditions and the internal structure of lunar mini‐magnetosphere. Here we present the first energetic neutral atom (ENA) measurement on lunar surface by the Chang'E‐4 mission. It is found that when downstream from the Imbrium antipode magnetic anomalies, the measured ENA fluxes are generally decreased, suggesting a mini‐magnetosphere that can shield the lunar surface from the solar wind. Further studies show that the shielding effect can only be found when the ion inertia length is small (<120 km) and some solar wind ions can penetrate into the mini‐magnetosphere with a penetrating efficiency positively correlated with the solar wind dynamic pressure. When the ion inertia length is large, no shielding effect can be found. With the help of Hall MHD simulations, we confirm the existence of a mini‐magnetosphere and the shielding effect anti‐correlated with ion inertia length.
Linking Atmospheric Cloud Radiative Effects and Tropical Precipitation
Authors: Needham Michael R. , Randall David A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStudies in recent decades have demonstrated a robust relationship between tropical precipitation and column relative humidity (CRH). The present study identifies a similar relationship between CRH and the atmospheric cloud radiative effect (ACRE) calculated from satellite observations. Like precipitation, the ACRE begins to increase rapidly when CRH exceeds a critical value near 70%. We show that the ACRE can be estimated from CRH, similar to the way that CRH has been used to estimate precipitation. Our method reproduces the annual mean spatial structure of the ACRE in the tropics, and skillfully estimates the mean ACRE on monthly and daily time scales in six regions of the tropics. We propose that the exponential dependence of precipitation on CRH may be partially explained by cloud‐longwave feedbacks, which facilitate a shift from convective to stratiform conditions.
Impact of an Approach to Integrated Care for Young Children in Low-Income Urban Settings: Perspectives of Primary Care Clinicians
Authors: Davis Annie E. , Vivrette Rebecca , Carter Taneisha , Eberhardt Claire , Edwards Sarah , Connors Kathleen , Reavis Kristin 
Published: July 2021

Objective: Parents and young children in low-income communities have compounding risk factors for their health and mental health, and integrated primary care has been identified as an effective approach for embedding needed auxiliary supports. Less is known about how primary care clinicians—who are key organizational drivers for integrated primary care—perceive the impact of this support on themselves and their clinics. Method: This study used a qualitative approach to gather clinicians’ perceptions of how HealthySteps (one approach to integrated care for young families) impacted their functioning and their clinic in an urban low-income community. Results: Thematic analysis of clinician interviews resulted in four themes. Clinicians opined that HealthySteps reduced their stress, eased their workload, and supported their job satisfaction in a setting where most families had significant psychosocial risk factors. They highlighted components of HealthySteps perceived to be the most impactful (e.g., tangible supports for families, connection to community services) and highlighted its role in improving relationships with families and case conceptualization. Conclusions: Recommendations are provided to leverage clinician voices to advocate for integrated primary care. Implications for Impact Statement Many young children and families present to primary care with complex psychosocial needs. Integrated primary care is an approach to addressing these needs by embedding psychosocial support staff into clinics to partner with primary care clinicians. In this qualitative study, clinicians described perceived impacts of implementing an integrated care model for young children, HealthySteps, into a low-income, urban clinic. Clinicians discussed the most impactful elements of HealthySteps implementation on clinician stress and clinic functioning.
Hypothalamic primary cilium: A hub for metabolic homeostasis
Authors: Yang Dong Joo , Hong Jessica , Kim Ki Woo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObesity is a global health problem that is associated with adverse consequences such as the development of metabolic disorders, including cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, and type 2 diabetes. A major cause of obesity is metabolic imbalance, which results from insufficient physical activity and excess energy intake. Understanding the pathogenesis of obesity, as well as other metabolic disorders, is important in the development of methods for prevention and therapy. The coordination of energy balance takes place in the hypothalamus, a major brain region that maintains body homeostasis. The primary cilium is an organelle that has recently received attention because of its role in controlling energy balance in the hypothalamus. Defects in proteins required for ciliary function and formation, both in humans and in mice, have been shown to cause various metabolic disorders. In this review, we provide an overview of the critical functions of primary cilia, particularly in hypothalamic areas, and briefly summarize the studies on the primary roles of cilia in specific neurons relating to metabolic homeostasis.
Lagged meteorological impacts on COVID-19 incidence among high-risk counties in the United States—a spatiotemporal analysis
Authors: Chien Lung-Chang , Chen L.-W. Antony , Lin Ro-Ting 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
The associations between meteorological factors and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been discussed globally; however, because of short study periods, the lack of considering lagged effects, and different study areas, results from the literature were diverse and even contradictory.

Objective
The primary purpose of this study is to conduct more reliable research to evaluate the lagged meteorological impacts on COVID-19 incidence by considering a relatively long study period and diversified high-risk areas in the United States.

Methods
This study adopted the distributed lagged nonlinear model with a spatial function to analyze COVID-19 incidence predicted by multiple meteorological measures from March to October of 2020 across 203 high-risk counties in the United States. The estimated spatial function was further smoothed within the entire continental United States by the biharmonic spline interpolation.

Results
Our findings suggest that the maximum temperature, minimum relative humidity, and precipitation were the best meteorological predictors. Most significantly positive associations were found from 3 to 11 lagged days in lower levels of each selected meteorological factor. In particular, a significantly positive association appeared in minimum relative humidity higher than 88.36% at 5-day lag. The spatial analysis also shows excessive risks in the north-central United States.

Significance
The research findings can contribute to the implementation of early warning surveillance of COVID-19 by using weather forecasting for up to two weeks in high-risk counties.
ZEB2 facilitates peritoneal metastasis by regulating the invasiveness and tumorigenesis of cancer stem-like cells in high-grade serous ovarian cancers
Authors: Li Yiying , Fei He , Lin Qiwang , Liang Fan , You Yanan , Li Ming , Wu Mengyao , Qu Ying , Li Pengfei , Yuan Yan , Chen Tong , Jiang Hua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPeritoneal metastasis is a common issue in the progression of high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOCs), yet the underlying mechanism remains unconfirmed. We demonstrated that ZEB2, the transcription factor of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), was upregulated in ascites cells from HGSOC patients and in CD133+cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs) from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cell lines. SiRNA-mediated knockdown of ZEB2 in EOC cells decreased the percentage of CSLCs and reduced the colony forming potential, cell invasion capacity and expression of pluripotent genes Oct4 and Nanog. Inhibition of ZEB2 also induced cellular apoptosis and impacted the tumorigenicity of ovarian CSLCs. The mesenchymal markers N-cadherin and vimentin were downregulated, while the epithelial marker E-cadherin was upregulated after ZEB2 knockdown. MiR-200a, a molecule that downregulates ZEB2, had the opposite effect of ZEB2 expression in EOC-CSLCs. A retrospective study of 98 HGSOC patients on the relationship of ascites volume, pelvic and abdominal metastasis, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage and the malignant involvement of abdominal organs and lymph nodes was performed. Patients with high expression of ZEB2 in tumour tissues had a higher metastasis rate and a poorer prognosis than those with low expression. The parameters of ZEB2 expression and ascites volume were strongly linked with the prognostic outcome of HGSOC patients and had higher hazard ratios. These findings illustrated that ZEB2 facilitates the invasive metastasis of EOC-CSLCs and can predict peritoneal metastasis and a poor prognosis in HGSOC patients.
Conversion of marginal land into switchgrass conditionally accrues soil carbon but reduces methane consumption
Authors: Bates Colin T , Escalas Arthur , Kuang Jialiang , Hale Lauren , Wang Yuan , Herman Don , Nuccio Erin E , Wan Xiaoling , Bhattacharyya Amrita , Fu Ying , Tian Renmao , Wang Gangsheng , Ning Daliang , Yang Yunfeng , Wu Liyou , Pett-Ridge Jennifer , Saha Malay , Craven Kelly , Brodie Eoin L , Firestone Mary , Zhou Jizhong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Switchgrass is a deep-rooted perennial native to the US prairies and an attractive feedstock for bioenergy production; when cultivated on marginal soils it can provide a potential mechanism to sequester and accumulate soil carbon (C). However, the impacts of switchgrass establishment on soil biotic/abiotic properties are poorly understood. Additionally, few studies have reported the effects of switchgrass cultivation on marginal lands that have low soil nutrient quality (N/P) or in areas that have experienced high rates of soil erosion. Here, we report a comparative analyses of soil greenhouse gases (GHG), soil chemistry, and microbial communities in two contrasting soil types (with or without switchgrass) over 17 months (1428 soil samples). These soils are highly eroded, ‘Dust Bowl’ remnant field sites in southern Oklahoma, USA. Our results revealed that soil C significantly increased at the sandy-loam (SL) site, but not at the clay-loam (CL) site. Significantly higher CO2 flux was observed from the CL switchgrass site, along with reduced microbial diversity (both alpha and beta). Strikingly, methane (CH4) consumption was significantly reduced by an estimated 39 and 47% at the SL and CL switchgrass sites, respectively. Together, our results suggest that soil C stocks and GHG fluxes are distinctly different at highly degraded sites when switchgrass has been cultivated, implying that carbon balance considerations should be accounted for to fully evaluate the sustainability of deep-rooted perennial grass cultivation in marginal lands.
Linking meta-omics to the kinetics of denitrification intermediates reveals pH-dependent causes of N2O emissions and nitrite accumulation in soil
Authors: Frostegård Åsa , Vick Silas H W , Lim Natalie Y N , Bakken Lars R , Shapleigh James P 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Soil pH is a key controller of denitrification. We analysed the metagenomics/transcriptomics and phenomics of two soils from a long-term liming experiment, SoilN (pH 6.8) and un-limed SoilA (pH 3.8). SoilA had severely delayed N2O reduction despite early transcription of nosZ (mainly clade I), encoding N2O reductase, by diverse denitrifiers. This shows that post-transcriptionally hampered maturation of the NosZ apo-protein at low pH is a generic phenomenon. Identification of transcript reads of several accessory genes in the nos cluster indicated that enzymes for NosZ maturation were present across a range of organisms, eliminating their absence as an explanation for the failure to produce a functional enzyme. nir transcript abundances (for NO2− reductase) in SoilA suggest that low NO2− concentrations in acidic soils, often ascribed to abiotic degradation, are primarily due to biological activity. The accumulation of NO2− in neutral soil was ascribed to high nar expression (nitrate reductase). The -omics results revealed dominance of nirK over nirS in both soils while qPCR showed the opposite, demonstrating that standard primer pairs only capture a fraction of the nirK pool. qnor encoding NO reductase was strongly expressed in SoilA, implying an important role in controlling NO. Production of HONO, for which some studies claim higher, others lower, emissions from NO2− accumulating soil, was estimated to be ten times higher from SoilA than from SoilN. The study extends our understanding of denitrification-driven gas emissions and the diversity of bacteria involved and demonstrates that gene and transcript quantifications cannot always reliably predict community phenotypes.
Genetic regulation of shoot architecture in cucumber
Authors: Liu Xiaofeng , Chen Jiacai , Zhang Xiaolan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCucumber (Cucumis sativusL.) is an important vegetable crop species with great economic value. Shoot architecture determines the visual appearance of plants and has a strong impact on crop management and yield. Unlike most model plant species, cucumber undergoes vegetative growth and reproductive growth simultaneously, in which leaves are produced from the shoot apical meristem and flowers are generated from leaf axils, during the majority of its life, a feature representative of the Cucurbitaceae family. Despite substantial advances achieved in understanding the regulation of plant form inArabidopsis thaliana, rice, and maize, our understanding of the mechanisms controlling shoot architecture in Cucurbitaceae crop species is still limited. In this review, we focus on recent progress on elucidating the genetic regulatory pathways underlying the determinant/indeterminant growth habit, leaf shape, branch outgrowth, tendril identity, and vine length determination in cucumber. We also discuss the potential of applying biotechnology tools and resources for the generation of ideal plant types with desired architectural features to improve cucumber productivity and cultivation efficiency.
Dynamic changes in transposable element and gene methylation in mulberry (Morus notabilis) in response to Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Xin Youchao , Ma Bi , Zeng Qiwei , He Wenmin , Qin Meiling , He Ningjia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDNA methylation has been proposed to regulate plant stress resistance. However, the dynamic changes in DNA methylation in woody plants and their correlations with pathogenic responses are not fully understood. Here, we present single-base maps of the DNA methylomes of mulberry (Morus notabilis) leaves that were subjected to a mock treatment or inoculation with Botrytis cinerea. Compared with the former, the latter showed decreased mCG and mCHG levels and increased mCHH levels. DNA methylation inhibitors reduced resistance gene methylation levels and enhanced mulberry resistance, suggesting that the hypomethylation of resistance genes affects mulberry resistance to B. cinerea. Virus-induced gene silencing of MnMET1 enhanced the expression of mulberry-resistance genes, thereby increasing the plant’s resistance to B. cinerea. We also found that MITEs play a dominant role in controlling DNA methylation levels. MITEs appear to be the main sources of 24-nt siRNAs that regulate gene expression through the RNA-directed DNA methylation pathway.
SlBBX20 interacts with the COP9 signalosome subunit SlCSN5-2 to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis by activating SlDFR expression in tomato
Authors: Luo Dan , Xiong Cheng , Lin Aihua , Zhang Chunli , Sun Wenhui , Zhang Junhong , Yang Changxian , Lu Yongen , Li Hanxia , Ye Zhibiao , He Ping , Wang Taotao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAnthocyanins play vital roles in plant stress tolerance and growth regulation. Previously, we reported that the photomorphogenesis-related transcription factor SlBBX20 regulates anthocyanin accumulation in tomato. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we showed that SlBBX20 promotes anthocyanin biosynthesis by binding the promoter of the anthocyanin biosynthesis gene SlDFR, suggesting that SlBBX20 directly activates anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. Furthermore, we found by yeast two-hybrid screening that SlBBX20 interacts with the COP9 signalosome subunit SlCSN5-2, and the interaction was confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation and coimmunoprecipitation assays. SlCSN5 gene silencing led to anthocyanin hyperaccumulation in the transgenic tomato calli and shoots, and SlCSN5-2 overexpression decreased anthocyanin accumulation, suggesting thSlCSN5-2 enhanced the ubiquitination of SlBBX20 and promoted the degradation of SlBBX20 in vivo. Consistently, silencing the SlCSN5-2 homolog in tobacco significantly increased the accumulation of the SlBBX20 protein. Since SlBBX20 is a vital regulator of photomorphogenesis, the SlBBX20-SlCSN5-2 module may represent a novel regulatory pathway in light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis.
ATR regulates neuronal activity by modulating presynaptic firing
Authors: Kirtay Murat , Sell Josefine , Marx Christian , Haselmann Holger , Ceanga Mihai , Zhou Zhong-Wei , Rahmati Vahid , Kirkpatrick Joanna , Buder Katrin , Grigaravicius Paulius , Ori Alessandro , Geis Christian , Wang Zhao-Qi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAtaxia Telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) protein, as a key DNA damage response (DDR) regulator, plays an essential function in response to replication stress and controls cell viability. Hypomorphic mutations of ATR cause the human ATR-Seckel syndrome, characterized by microcephaly and intellectual disability, which however suggests a yet unknown role for ATR in non-dividing cells. Here we show that ATR deletion in postmitotic neurons does not compromise brain development and formation; rather it enhances intrinsic neuronal activity resulting in aberrant firing and an increased epileptiform activity, which increases the susceptibility of ataxia and epilepsy in mice. ATR deleted neurons exhibit hyper-excitability, associated with changes in action potential conformation and presynaptic vesicle accumulation, independent of DDR signaling. Mechanistically, ATR interacts with synaptotagmin 2 (SYT2) and, without ATR, SYT2 is highly upregulated and aberrantly translocated to excitatory neurons in the hippocampus, thereby conferring a hyper-excitability. This study identifies a physiological function of ATR, beyond its DDR role, in regulating neuronal activity.
Long noncoding RNA BS-DRL1 modulates the DNA damage response and genome stability by interacting with HMGB1 in neurons
Authors: Lou Min-Min , Tang Xiao-Qiang , Wang Guang-Ming , He Jia , Luo Fang , Guan Ming-Feng , Wang Fei , Zou Huan , Wang Jun-Ying , Zhang Qun , Xu Ming-Jian , Shi Qi-Li , Shen Li-Bing , Ma Guo-Ming , Wu Yi , Zhang Yao-Yang , Liang Ai-bin , Wang Ting-Hua , Xiong Liu-Lin , Wang Jian , Xu Jun , Wang Wen-Yuan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are known to regulate DNA damage response (DDR) and genome stability in proliferative cells. However, it remains unknown whether lncRNAs are involved in these vital biological processes in post-mitotic neurons. Here, we report and characterize a lncRNA, termed Brain Specific DNA-damage Related lncRNA1 (BS-DRL1), in the central nervous system. BS-DRL1 is a brain-specific lncRNA and depletion of BS-DRL1 in neurons leads to impaired DDR upon etoposide treatment in vitro. Mechanistically, BS-DRL1 interacts with HMGB1, a chromatin protein that is important for genome stability, and is essential for the assembly of HMGB1 on chromatin. BS-DRL1 mediated DDR exhibits cell-type specificity in the cortex and cerebellum in gamma-irradiated mice and BS-DRL1 knockout mice show impaired motor function and concomitant purkinje cell degeneration. Our study extends the understanding of lncRNAs in DDR and genome stability and implies a protective role of lncRNA against neurodegeneration.