bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissipation, adsorption–desorption, and potential transformation products of pinoxaden in soil
Authors: Chen Dan , Liu Zhengyi , Han Jiahua , Chen Ye , Zhang Kankan , Hu Deyu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study established and validated a simple and sensitive analytical approach for determining pinoxaden residues in soil. The dissipation and adsorption–desorption of pinoxaden in four kinds of Chinese soil were comprehensively investigated for the first time, and the possible metabolic products and pathways were identified. The developed method was successfully applied in dissipation and adsorption–desorption trials. Several influential factors, including temperature, organic matter, and moisture content, affected the dissipation rate of pinoxaden in soil. During the dissipation process, 1 hydrolytic intermediate and 13 possible transformation products were identified, and predicted metabolic pathways were composed of electron rearrangement, oxidation, cyclization, carboxylation, and so on. Both the adsorption and desorption isotherms of pinoxaden in four kinds of Chinese soil followed the Freundlich equation, and the Freundlich Kf values were positively correlated with the soil cation exchange capacity. According to the calculated Gibbs free energies, the adsorption of pinoxaden was an endothermic reaction and mainly a physical process. These results could provide some useful data for the determination of pinoxaden in other matrices and the evaluation of the environmental fate of pinoxaden in soil and other ecosystems.
Prenatal stress induced depressive‐like behavior and region dependently high CRP level in offspring rats
Authors: Li Shaoning , Zhang Huifang , Gao Xueyun , Huang Huimei , He Wei , Zhang Huiping , Sun Hongli 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionTo explore the changes in C‐reactive protein (CRP) level in different regions of one old offspring rats exposed to prenatal stress (PS).MethodsThe rat model was constructed with prenatal restraint stress on pregnant dams on days 14–20 of gestation. Offspring rats were randomly divided into PS susceptibility (PS‐S) group and control (CON) group. Behavioral experiments including sucrose preference test (SPT), open‐field test (OFT), and forced swimming test (FST) were used to measure depressive‐like behaviors. Immunohistochemistry, qRT‐PCR, and Western blotting were applied to detect the changes in CRP level.ResultsThe results showed that PS could cause depressive‐like behaviors in all SPT, OFT, and FST. Concomitantly, CRP mRNA and protein expression significantly increased in hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and hypothalamus in the PS‐S group when compared that in the CON group, while no significantly changes in liver, heart, olfactory bulb, striatum, and cerebellum in the PS‐S group when compared that in the CON group.ConclusionIncreasing of CRP expression in hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and hypothalamus may play a critical role in the mechanism under depressive‐like behavior in offspring rats exposed to PS.
Sustainability among Norwegian maritime firms: Green strategy and innovation as mediators of long‐term orientation and emission reduction
Authors: Saether Erik Andreas , Eide Ann Elida , Bjørgum Øyvind 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the relationships between emission reduction, long‐term orientation, green strategy, and green innovation among maritime vessel‐owning firms of various sizes in the Norwegian maritime sector. A change from the utilization of fossil fuels and move toward more sustainable sources of energy demand substantial financial investments and behavioral changes but are fundamental to preventing further climate change. This study examines the greening of the Norwegian fleet through a structural equation model based upon 246 survey responses. Although our model does not show a significant direct relationship between long‐term orientation and emission reductions, we do find that long‐term orientation is indirectly related to emission reductions because of its relationships with green strategy and green innovation. Moreover, as mediators, green innovation and green strategy share direct associations with firms' reductions of greenhouse gases and environmentally harmful emissions. Implications for practitioners and policy makers are proposed.
Esophageal cancer: trends in incidence and mortality in China from 2005 to 2015
Authors: He Feifan , Wang Junyi , Liu Li , Qin Xiaoyue , Wan Zhanyong , Li Wei , Ping Zhiguang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe long‐term trend analysis of esophageal cancer is rarely reported in China. Our purpose is to analyze the incidence and mortality trends of esophageal cancer in China from 2005 to 2015.MethodBased on the data in the annual report of the China Cancer Registry, a comprehensive analysis of esophageal cancer cases and deaths from 2005 to 2015 was carried out. The incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer are stratified by gender and region (urban or rural). Long‐term trend analysis was conducted using Joinpoint regression model.ResultIn China, the age‐standardized incidence rates by the world population declined from 13.84/105 in 2005 to 11.64/105 in 2015. Annual percent changes were 3.4% (95% CI: 0.6%, 6.3%) in the period 2005‐2011, −7.4% (95% CI: −10.1%, −4.7%) in the period 2011‐2015, respectively. The age‐standardized mortality rates declined from 10.86/105 in 2005 to 8.57/105 in 2015. And the average annual percent change was −4.1% (95% CI: −6.7%, −1.5%). The incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer in men are higher than those in women, and the incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer in rural areas are much higher than those in urban areas.ConclusionIn China, the incidence of esophageal cancer first increased and then decreased during 2005‐2015, while the mortality rate has been declining.
Association between sex hormones regulation‐related SNP rs12233719 and lung cancer risk among never‐smoking Chinese women
Authors: Qian Ying , Xie Li , Li Lei , Feng Tienan , Zhu Tengteng , Wang Ruoyang , Yang Yuqing , Zhou Baosen , Yu Herbert , Qian Biyun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe mechanism of rapidly increased non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) among never‐smoking Chinese women has not been elucidated. Ovarian sex steroid hormones have been suggested to counteract lung cancer development, and sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) is essential in sex hormones regulation. This study aims to exploring single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genomic regions associated with SHBG concentrations that contributed to never‐smoking female NSCLC.MethodsCandidate genes were selected by a genome‐wide association (GWAS) meta‐analysis and gene expression profiles of never‐smoking NSCLC of Chinese women. The candidate SNPs limited to common minor allele frequency (MAF), missense variant, ethnic heterogeneous distribution, and SNPs were genotyped using the TaqMan method. A two‐stage case‐control design was adopted for exploration and validation of associations between candidate SNPs and risk of NSCLC. All participants were never‐smoking Chinese women. Chi‐square test and multivariate logistic regression were applied.ResultsBeginning with 12 genomic regions associated with circulating SHBG concentrations and gene expression profiles from never‐smoking NSCLC in Chinese women, candidate SNP rs12233719 and rs7439366 both located in candidate gene UGT2B7, which may be related to circulating SHBG concentrations and cancer risk, were identified. A two‐stage case‐control study was conducted in Shenyang and Tianjin represented as the training stage and validation stage, respectively. Under the dominant model, compared to individuals with the wild G/G genotype, the adjusted OR of those with the T allele was 1.58 (95% CI: 1.15–2.16) in Chinese Shenyang training set, and was 1.49 (95% CI: 1.02–2.18) in Chinese Tianjin validation set, both accompanied with a significant trend relationship consistently. UGT2B7 was upregulated in female NSCLC patients’ tumor tissues and was associated with a poor prognosis in NSCLC.ConclusionOur findings indicated that a sex hormones regulation‐related SNP rs12233719 was associated with never‐smoking female lung cancer risk, which might partially explain NSCLC‐susceptibility in Chinese women.
Compassionate goals, prosocial emotions, and prosocial behaviours during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Yue Zhiying , Yang Janet Z. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, it is important for people to engage in prosocial behaviours to support one another. The aim of this research is to answer a key question: in a social crisis, what motivates Americans to help others? Guided by research on appraisal theories and ecosystem theory, we examined the role of compassionate goals and prosocial emotions in promoting prosocial behaviours towards either out‐group or in‐group members. Study 1 (N = 943) was conducted in February 2020, before the widespread transmission of COVID‐19 began in the United States. Results show that people with high compassionate goals are more likely to experience sympathy, which in turn makes them more willing to help people suffering from COVID‐19 in China. Study 2 (N = 1,009) was conducted with a nationally representative sample after COVID‐19 became more prevalent in the United States. Although people with high compassionate goals still experience more sympathy and solidarity, sympathy does not predict donation intention. Instead, solidarity mediates the relationship between compassionate goals and donation intention. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Simulation‐as‐a‐Service: Analyzing Crowd Movements in Virtual Environments
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Haworth Brandon , Faloutsos Petros , Kapadia Mubbasir 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAt present, environment designers mostly use their intuition and experience to predictively account for how environments might support dynamic activity. The majority of Computer‐Aided Design tools only provide a static representation of space which potentially ignores the impact that an environment layout produces on its occupants and their movements. To address this, computational techniques such as crowd simulation have been developed. With few exceptions, crowd simulation frameworks are often decoupled from environment modeling tools. They usually require specific hardware/software infrastructures and expertise to be used, hindering the designers' abilities to seamlessly simulate, analyze, and incorporate movement‐centric dynamics into their design workflows. To bridge this disconnect, we devise a cross‐browser service‐based simulation analytics platform to analyze environment layouts with respect to occupancy and activity. Our platform allows users to access simulation services by uploading three‐dimensional environment models in numerous common formats, devise targeted simulation scenarios, run simulations, and instantly generate crowd‐based analytics for their designs. We conducted a case study to showcase cross‐domain applicability of our service‐based platform, and a user study to evaluate the usability of this approach.
Bio‐Guided Investigation of Sideritis cypria Methanol Extract Driven by in Vitro Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Assays
Authors: Lytra Krystalia , Tomou Ekaterina‐Michaela , Chrysargyris Antonios , Christofi Maria‐Dolores , Miltiadous Panagiota , Tzortzakis Nikolaos , Skaltsa Helen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSideritis cypria Post is an endemic and endangered species of Northern Cyprus. The overall aim of the present study was to evaluate the total phenolic content, the antioxidant, the cytotoxic and the antimicrobial activity of the methanol extract obtained from the aerial parts of cultivated S. cypria. A bio‐guided approach led to the isolation of 27 chemical compounds by using various analytical techniques. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The crude extract exerted strong antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP assays) which was attributed to its high total phenolic content. Furthermore, groups rich in phenolic content showed highest antioxidant property, whereas groups with phytosterols, diterpenoids and apigenin derivatives exerted cytotoxic effects in MDA‐MB231 cancer cell line by the MTT method. Moreover, the cytotoxic activity of four isolated apigenin derivatives was evaluated in the same cancer cells. The antimicrobial activity of the extract and groups were measured, demonstrating lack of activity. To the best of our knowledge, this survey is the first report on the biological activities of the methanol extract of S. cypria.
The epithelial–mesenchymal transition regulators Twist, Slug, and Snail are associated with aggressive tumour features and poor outcome in prostate cancer patients
Authors: Børretzen Astrid , Gravdal Karsten , Haukaas Svein A , Mannelqvist Monica , Beisland Christian , Akslen Lars A , Halvorsen Ole J 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe prognostic importance of transcription factors promoting epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis has not been well explored in prostate cancer patients with long follow‐up, nor the interplay between these factors. The objective of this study was to assess the individual protein expression and co‐expression of Twist, Slug (Snai2), Snail (Snai1), and hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 alpha (Hif‐1α) in prostate cancer in relation to EMT, angiogenesis, hypoxia, tumour features, disease recurrence, and patient survival. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on tissue microarray sections from 338 radical prostatectomies with long follow‐up. In addition, 41 cases of prostatic hyperplasia, 33 non‐skeletal metastases, 13 skeletal metastases, and 33 castration‐resistant prostate carcinomas were included. Our findings were validated in external gene expression data sets. Twist was overexpressed in primary prostate cancer and markedly reduced in distant metastases (p < 0.0005). Strong expression of Twist and Slug was associated with Hif‐1α in localised prostate cancer (p ≤ 0.001), and strong Twist was associated with Hif‐1α in castration‐resistant carcinomas (p = 0.044). Twist, Slug, and increased Snail at the tumour stromal border were associated with vascular factors (p ≤ 0.045). Each of the three EMT‐regulating transcription factors were associated with aggressive tumour features and shorter time to recurrence and cancer‐specific death. Notably, the co‐expression of factors demonstrated an enhanced influence on outcome. In the subgroup of E‐cadherinlow carcinomas, strong Slug was associated with shorter time to all end points and was an independent predictor of time to multiple end points, including cancer‐specific death (hazard ratio 3.0, p = 0.041). To conclude, we demonstrate an important relation between EMT, hypoxia, and angiogenesis and a strong link between the investigated EMT regulators and aggressive tumour features and poor patient outcome in prostate cancer. Despite the retrospective nature of this long‐term study, our findings could have a significant impact on the future treatment of prostate cancer, where tailored therapies might be directed simultaneously against epithelial–mesenchymal phenotypes, angiogenesis, and tumour hypoxia.
A distinct repertoire of cancer‐associated fibroblasts is enriched in cribriform prostate cancer
Authors: Hesterberg Amanda B , Rios Brenda L , Wolf Elysa M , Tubbs Colby , Wong Hong Yuen , Schaffer Kerry R , Lotan Tamara L , Giannico Giovanna A , Gordetsky Jennifer B , Hurley Paula J 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOutcomes for men with localized prostate cancer vary widely, with some men effectively managed without treatment on active surveillance, while other men rapidly progress to metastatic disease despite curative‐intent therapies. One of the strongest prognostic indicators of outcome is grade groups based on the Gleason grading system. Gleason grade 4 prostate cancer with cribriform morphology is associated with adverse outcomes and can be utilized clinically to improve risk stratification. The underpinnings of disease aggressiveness associated with cribriform architecture are not fully understood. Most studies have focused on genetic and molecular alterations in cribriform tumor cells; however, less is known about the tumor microenvironment in cribriform prostate cancer. Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a heterogeneous population of fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment that impact cancer aggressiveness. The overall goal of this study was to determine if cribriform prostate cancers are associated with a unique repertoire of CAFs. Radical prostatectomy whole‐tissue sections were analyzed for the expression of fibroblast markers (ASPN in combination with FAP, THY1, ENG, NT5E, TNC, and PDGFRβ) in stroma adjacent to benign glands and in Gleason grade 3, Gleason grade 4 cribriform, and Gleason grade 4 noncribriform prostate cancer by RNAscope®. Halo® Software was used to quantify percent positive stromal cells and expression per positive cell. The fibroblast subtypes enriched in prostate cancer were highly heterogeneous. Both overlapping and distinct populations of low abundant fibroblast subtypes in benign prostate stroma were enriched in Gleason grade 4 prostate cancer with cribriform morphology compared to Gleason grade 4 prostate cancer with noncribriform morphology and Gleason grade 3 prostate cancer. In addition, gene expression was distinctly altered in CAF subtypes adjacent to cribriform prostate cancer. Overall, these studies suggest that cribriform prostate cancer has a unique tumor microenvironment that may distinguish it from other Gleason grade 4 morphologies and lower Gleason grades.
Experiments with immobilized enzymes as a contribution to learning about green chemistry in chemistry classes
Authors: Linkwitz Michael , Eilks Ingo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNachhaltigkeit in der Chemie manifestiert sich unter anderem im Konzept der Grünen Chemie. Ein Ansatz innerhalb der grünen Chemie ist effektive Katalyse, insbesondere enzymatische Katalyse unter milden Reaktionsbedingungen. Dieser Aufsatz legitimiert die intensivere Auseinandersetzung mit der enzymatischen Katalyse im Kontext der Grünen Chemie im Chemieunterricht der Sekundarstufe II. Es werden eine Reihe von Versuchen mit immobilisierten Enzymen für diesen Zusammenhang vorgeschlagen, die in verschiedenen Oberstufenkursen mehrfach erprobt wurden.
Virus‐Based Nanoreactors with GALT Activity for Classic Galactosemia Therapy
Authors: Gama Pedro , Cadena‐Nava Ruben D. , Juarez‐Moreno Karla , Pérez‐Robles Javier , Vazquez‐Duhalt Rafael 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEnzymatic nanoreactors were obtained by galactose‐1‐phosphate uridylyl‐transferase (GALT) encapsulation into plant virus capsids by a molecular self‐assembly strategy. The aim of this work was to produce virus‐like nanoparticles containing GALT for an enzyme‐replacement therapy for classic galactosemia. The encapsulation efficiency and the catalytic constants of bio‐nanoreactors were determined by using different GALT and virus coat protein ratios. The substrate affinity of nanoreactors was slightly lower than that of the free enzyme; the activity rate was 16 % of the GALT free enzyme. The enzymatic nanoreactors without functionalization were internalized into different cell lines including fibroblast and kidney cells, but especially into hepatocytes. The enzymatic nanoreactors are an innovative enzyme preparation with potential use for the treatment of classic galactosemia.
The emergence of oral cavity cancer and the stabilization of oropharyngeal cancer: Recent contrasting epidemics in the South Korean population
Authors: Jung Yuh‐Seog , Seok Jungirl , Hong Seri , Ryu Chang Hwan , Ryu Junsun , Jung Kyu‐Won 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundBy analyzing the recent epidemiologic trajectory of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in South Korea, we tracked 2 findings that have been reported recently in other countries: the stabilization of human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related HNSCC incidence and the acceleration of oral cavity cancer incidence.MethodsWe analyzed data from the comprehensive population‐based Korean Central Cancer Registry for the period 1999 to 2017. The age‐standardized incidence rate (ASR), annual percent change (APC), and relative survival were calculated.ResultsThe ASR of total HNSCC decreased from 1999 to 2017 (APC, −0.2 [95% CI, −0.3 to −0.0]), as did the ASR of HPV‐unrelated HNSCC (APC, −0.6 [95% CI, −0.8 to −0.5]); however, the ASR of HPV‐related HNSCC increased (APC, 2.9 [95% CI, 2.5 to 3.2]). The rapidly increasing incidence of tonsil squamous cell carcinoma, which was the main subsite of HPV‐related HNSCC, stabilized after 2011 (APC pre‐2011, 6.8 [95% CI, 5.0 to 8.3]; APC post‐2011, 1.6 [95% CI, −2.1 to 5.5]), and the difference was significant (P = .017). In contrast, oral cavity cancer incidence demonstrated the only increase among HPV‐unrelated subsites, with the increase occurring after 2006 (APC pre‐2006, 1.6 [95% CI, 0.3 to 2.8]; APC post‐2006, 2.8 [95% CI, 2.2 to 3.5]); the main cause of this change was an increase in the ASR of tongue cancer.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the recent stabilization of tonsil cancer incidence and the contrasting increase in oral cavity cancer incidence, unlike other HPV‐unrelated cancers. These trends require further surveillance and understanding in terms of tumor biology and prevention.
Detection algorithm of safety helmet wearing based on deep learning
Authors: Huang Li , Fu Qiaobo , He Meiling , Jiang Du , Hao Zhiqiang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the production and construction of industry, safety accidents caused by unsafe behaviors of staff often occur. In a complex construction site scene, due to improper operations by personnel, huge safety risks will be buried in the entire production process. The use of deep learning algorithms to replace manual monitoring of site safety regulations is a powerful guarantee for sticking to the line of safety in production. First, the improved YOLO v3 algorithm is used to output the predicted anchor box of the target object, and then pixel feature statistics are performed on the anchor box, and the weight coefficients are respectively multiplied to output the confidence of the standard wearing of the helmet in each predicted anchor box area, according to the empirical threshold determine whether workers meet the standards for wearing helmets. Experimental results show that the helmet wearing detection algorithm based on deep learning in this paper increases the feature map scale, optimizes the prior dimensional algorithm of specific helmet dataset, and improves the loss function, and then combines image processing pixel feature statistics to accurately detect whether the helmet is worn by the standard. The final result is that mAP reaches 93.1% and FPS reaches 55 f/s. In the helmet recognition task, compared to the original YOLO v3 algorithm, mAP is increased by 3.5% and FPS is increased by 3 f/s. It shows that the improved detection algorithm has a better effect on the detection speed and accuracy of the helmet detection task.