bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contralateral retrodiscal transforaminal approach for percutaneous epidural adhesiolysis: A technical description and retrospective comparative study
Authors: You Ki‐Han , Park Hyun‐Jin , Son In‐Seok , Chung Hoon‐Jae , Kang Min‐Seok 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesRetrodiscal transforaminal (RdTF) epidural steroid injection (ESI) is clinically comparable to conventional transforaminal ESI and can avoid catastrophic complications. However, it poses a risk of inadvertent intradiscal, intravascular, and intrathecal injections. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the feasibility of percutaneous epidural adhesiolysis (PEA) using the contralateral (Contra)‐RdTF approach.MethodsThe electronic medical records of 332 patients with unilateral lumbar radiculopathy due to foraminal disk pathology were reviewed. Patients were categorized into two groups: Group A (ESI using the RdTF approach) and Group B (PEA using the Contra‐RdTF approach). Effective pain relief (EPR; ≥50% pain relief from baseline) in patients was evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS) at 4 and 12 weeks after the procedure. The presence of unintended fluoroscopic findings and complications was recorded.ResultsA total of 119 patients were enrolled in the final analysis: 81 in Group A and 38 in Group B. Both groups showed lesser VAS scores after 4 and 12 weeks than at baseline (p < 0.05). However, the proportion of patients with EPR was significantly greater in Group B after 12 weeks (p = 0.015). No complications, including intrathecal injection, infectious discitis, and neurologic deterioration, were reported. However, inadvertent intradiscal and intravascular injections were reported to be significantly higher in Group A than in Group B (14.8% and 0%, respectively; p = 0.009).ConclusionsAlthough applications of this study are limited by its retrospective design, the results suggest that PEA using the Contra‐RdTF approach is feasible because it can achieve EPR and avoid unintended fluoroscopic findings.
Morphogene‐assisted transformation of Sorghum bicolor allows more efficient genome editing
Authors: Aregawi Kiflom , Shen Jianqiang , Pierroz Grady , Sharma Manoj K. , Dahlberg Jeffery , Owiti Judith , Lemaux Peggy G. 
Published: November 2021

SummarySorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, the fifth most important cereal worldwide, is a multi‐use crop for feed, food, forage and fuel. To enhance the sorghum and other important crop plants, establishing gene function is essential for their improvement. For sorghum, identifying genes associated with its notable abiotic stress tolerances requires a detailed molecular understanding of the genes associated with those traits. The limits of this knowledge became evident from our earlier in‐depth sorghum transcriptome study showing that over 40% of its transcriptome had not been annotated. Here, we describe a full spectrum of tools to engineer, edit, annotate and characterize sorghum’s genes. Efforts to develop those tools began with a morphogene‐assisted transformation (MAT) method that led to accelerated transformation times, nearly half the time required with classical callus‐based, non‐MAT approaches. These efforts also led to expanded numbers of amenable genotypes, including several not previously transformed or historically recalcitrant. Another transformation advance, termed altruistic, involved introducing a gene of interest in a separate Agrobacterium strain from the one with morphogenes, leading to plants with the gene of interest but without morphogenes. The MAT approach was also successfully used to edit a target exemplary gene, phytoene desaturase. To identify single‐copy transformed plants, we adapted a high‐throughput technique and also developed a novel method to determine transgene independent integration. These efforts led to an efficient method to determine gene function, expediting research in numerous genotypes of this widely grown, multi‐use crop.
Incidence, antibiotic treatment and outcomes of lactational mastitis: Findings from The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa)
Authors: Grzeskowiak Luke E. , Saha Moni R. , Ingman Wendy V. , Nordeng Hedvig , Ystrom Eivind , Amir Lisa H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundMastitis is a common and distressing maternal postpartum condition, but the relationship between mastitis timing and antibiotic treatment and breastfeeding outcomes and postnatal mental health is unclear.ObjectivesTo describe the incidence of mastitis and treatment with antibiotics in first 6 months postpartum, and to investigate the impact of mastitis timing and antibiotic treatment on breastfeeding practices and postnatal mental health.MethodsThis study is based on 79,985 mother‐infant dyads in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Women were classified according to self‐reported mastitis within first month (‘early’) or 1–6 months (‘later’) postpartum and antibiotic treatment. Breastfeeding outcomes included predominant or any breastfeeding and abrupt breastfeeding cessation until 6 months postpartum. Maternal mental health was assessed by self‐report at 6 months postpartum.ResultsThe incidence of mastitis was 18.8%, with 36.8% reporting treatment with antibiotics. Women reporting early mastitis were less likely to report predominant breastfeeding (adjustedd relative risk [aRR] 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.86, 0.99) and any breastfeeding for 6 months (aRR 0.97, 95% CI 0.96, 0.98) than women who did not report mastitis, and more likely to report abrupt breastfeeding cessation (aRR 1.37, 95% CI 1.23, 1.53). Late‐onset mastitis was not associated with poorer breastfeeding outcomes. Among women reporting mastitis, the risk of abrupt breastfeeding cessation was higher in those also reporting antibiotic use. Mastitis was associated with an increased risk of mental health problems postpartum which was highest among those reporting no antibiotic use (aRR 1.29, 95% CI 1.18, 1.41), in contrast to those also reporting antibiotic use (aRR 1.08, 95% CI 0.96, 1.22).ConclusionsLactational mastitis and its associated treatment with antibiotics are common. Early (<1 month postpartum) mastitis appears to be a modest risk factor for suboptimal breastfeeding outcomes. In addition, mastitis is associated with poorer mental health.
Integrated physiological and comparative proteomics analysis of contrasting genotypes of pearl millet reveals underlying salt‐responsive mechanisms
Authors: Jha Shweta , Maity Sudipa , Singh Jawahar , Chouhan Chaya , Tak Nisha , Ambatipudi Kiran 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSalinity stress poses a significant risk to plant development and agricultural yield. Therefore, elucidation of stress‐response mechanisms has become essential to identify salt‐tolerance genes in plants. In the present study, two genotypes of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) with contrasting tolerance for salinity exhibited differential morpho‐physiological and proteomic responses under 150 mM NaCl. The genotype IC 325825 was shown to withstand the stress better than IP 17224. The salt‐tolerance potential of IC 325825 was associated with its ability to maintain intracellular osmotic, ionic, and redox homeostasis and membrane integrity under stress. The IC 325825 genotype exhibited a higher abundance of C4 photosynthesis enzymes, efficient enzymatic and non‐enzymatic antioxidant system, and lower Na+/K+ ratio compared with IP 17224. Comparative proteomics analysis revealed greater metabolic perturbation in IP 17224 under salinity, in contrast to IC 325825 that harbored pro‐active stress‐responsive machinery, allowing its survival and better adaptability under salt stress. The differentially abundant proteins were in silico characterized for their functions, subcellular‐localization, associated pathways, and protein–protein interaction. These proteins were mainly involved in photosynthesis/response to light stimulus, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, and stress responses. Proteomics data were validated through expression profiling of the selected genes, revealing a poor correlation between protein abundance and their relative transcript levels. This study has provided novel insights into salt adaptive mechanisms in P. glaucum, demonstrating the power of proteomics‐based approaches. The critical proteins identified in the present study could be further explored as potential objects for engineering stress tolerance in salt‐sensitive major crops.
Joint GWAS and WGCNA uncover the genetic control of calcium accumulation under salt treatment in maize seedlings
Authors: Liang Tianhu , Qing Chunyan , Liu Peng , Zou Chaoying , Yuan Guangsheng , Pan Guangtang , Shen Yaou , Ma Langlang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSoil salinization is an important factor threatening the yield and quality of maize. Ca2+ plays a considerable role in regulating plant growth under salt stress. Herein, we examined the shoot Ca2+ concentrations, root Ca2+ concentrations, and transport coefficients of seedlings in an association panel composed of 305 maize inbred lines under normal and salt conditions. A genome‐wide association study was conducted by using the investigated phenotypes and 46,408 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms of the panel. As a result, 53 significant SNPs were specifically detected under salt treatment, and 544 genes were identified in the linkage disequilibrium regions of these SNPs. According to the expression data of the 544 genes, we carried out a weighted coexpression network analysis. Combining the enrichment analyses and functional annotations, four hub genes (GRMZM2G051032, GRMZM2G004314, GRMZM2G421669, and GRMZM2G123314) were finally determined, which were then used to evaluate the genetic variation effects by gene‐based association analysis. Only GRMZM2G123314, which encodes a pentatricopeptide repeat protein, was significantly associated with Ca2+ transport and the haplotype G‐CT was identified as the superior haplotype. Our study brings novel insights into the genetic and molecular mechanisms of salt stress response and contributes to the development of salt‐tolerant varieties in maize.
Nodulating white lupins take advantage of the reciprocal interplay between N and P nutritional responses
Authors: Buoso Sara , Zamboni Anita , Franco Alessandro , Commisso Mauro , Guzzo Flavia , Varanini Zeno , Pinton Roberto , Tomasi Nicola , Zanin Laura 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe low bioavailability of nutrients, especially nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), is one of the most limiting factors for crop production. In this study, under N‐ and P‐free nutrient solution (−N−P), nodulating white lupin plants developed some nodules and analogous cluster root structures characterized by different morphological, physiological, and molecular responses than those observed upon single nutrient deficiency (strong acidification of external media, a better nutritional status than −N+P and +N−P plants). The multi‐elemental analysis highlighted that the concentrations of nutrients in white lupin plants were mainly affected by P availability. Gene‐expression analyses provided evidence of interconnections between N and P nutritional pathways that are active to promote N and P balance in plants. The root exudome was mainly characterized by N availability in nutrient solution, and, in particular, the absence of N and P in the nutrient solution triggered a high release of phenolic compounds, nucleosides monophosphate and saponines by roots. These morphological, physiological, and molecular responses result from a close interplay between N and P nutritional pathways. They contribute to the good development of nodulating white lupin plants when grown on N‐ and P‐free media. This study provides evidence that limited N and P availability in the nutrient solution can promote white lupin‐Bradyrhizobium symbiosis, which is favourable for the sustainability of legume production.
The importance of ecophysiological traits in response of Festuca rubra to changing climate
Authors: Kosová Veronika , Hájek Tomáš , Hadincová Věroslava , Münzbergová Zuzana 
Published: November 2021

AbstractKnowledge of the ability of plants to respond to climate change via phenotypic plasticity or genetic adaptation in ecophysiological traits and of the link of these traits to fitness is still limited. We studied the clonal grass Festuca rubra from 11 localities representing factorially crossed gradients of temperature and precipitation and cultivated them in growth chambers simulating temperature and moisture regime in the four extreme localities. We measured net photosynthetic rate, Fv/Fm, specific leaf area, osmotic potential and stomatal density and length and tested their relationship to proxies of fitness. We found strong phenotypic plasticity in photosynthetic traits and genetic differentiation in stomatal traits. The effects of temperature and moisture interacted (either as conditions of origin or growth chambers), as were effects of growth and origin. The relationships between the ecophysiological and fitness‐related traits were significant but weak. Phenotypic plasticity and genetic differentiation of the species indicate the potential ability of F. rubra to adapt to novel climatic conditions. The most important challenge for the plants seems to be increasing moisture exposing plants to hypoxia. However, the plants have the potential to respond to increased moisture by changes in stomatal size and density and adjustments of osmotic potential. Changes in ecophysiological traits translate into variation in plant fitness, but the selection on the traits is relatively weak and depends on actual conditions. Despite the selection, the plants do not show strong local adaptation and local adaptation is thus likely not restricting species ability to adjust to novel conditions.
Research advances and future perspectives of genomics and genetic improvement in allotetraploid common carp
Authors: Chen Lin , Xu Jian , Sun Xiaowen , Xu Peng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAquatic species have become an integral part of human culture. As an internationally important food fish species, the common carp Cyprinus carpio accounted for over 7% of global aquaculture production in 2020. In addition to serving as a food source, common carp varieties are used as ornamental fish and valued in recreational fisheries. The continuously updated reference genome of common carp has recently served as a foundation for both basic genetic studies and evolutionary studies. With the recent emphasis on the allotetraploid signature of common carp, researchers have begun to focus on how hybridization and polyploidization affect the successful speciation and advantageous behaviour of common carp. In this review, we survey current and emerging research topics on common carp, including genomic and genetic tools, germplasm resources, genetic diversity, genetic mechanism and improvement of economic traits, as well as multiple breeding technologies employed in common carp. We also provide an overview of recent trends in genetic studies and improvements in common carp and encourage researchers to monitor the allotetraploid signature of common carp. Understanding the genetic basis of economically important traits and the mechanisms of allopolyploidization in common carp will be important for genetic improvement and germplasm innovation in agronomically important fish species, although the road ahead will be challenging for this widely domesticated allotetraploid species.
A Bayesian Spatio-Network Model for Multiple Adolescent Adverse Health Behaviours
Authors: Gerogiannis George , Tranmer Mark , Lee Duncan , Valente Thomas 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The use of alcohol, cigarettes and marijuana among adolescents are major public health concerns, and a number of epidemiological studies have been conducted to understand the drivers of these individual health behaviours. However, there is no literature that jointly models these health behaviours with the aim of understanding the relative importance of individual factors, friendship effects and spatial effects in determining the prevalence of alcohol, cigarette and marijuana use among adolescents. To address this gap in the literature, we propose a novel multivariate spatio-network model for jointly modelling all three of these behaviours, with inference conducted in a Bayesian setting using Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. The model is motivated by survey data from five schools in Los Angeles, California, and the results indicate the important roles that individual factors and friendship networks play in driving the uptake of these health behaviours.
Mediators between physical activity and academic achievement: A systematic review
Authors: Visier‐Alfonso María Eugenia , Sánchez‐López Mairena , Álvarez‐Bueno Celia , Ruiz‐Hermosa Abel , Nieto‐López Marta , Martínez‐Vizcaíno Vicente 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundResearch has suggested the beneficial effects of physical activity (PA) on academic achievement (AA). However, the mechanisms underlying this influence remain unclear. Some proposed mechanisms include physiological, cognitive, psychological, and behavioral paths. This study aimed to analyze mediators between PA and AA in children and adolescents.MethodsSystematic search in Medline, SPORTDiscuss, PsycInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science for observational and experimental studies, published up to March 2021.ResultsTwenty‐eight studies (75237 participants, aged 4–16) were included. The designs of these studies were: 21 studies cross‐sectional, 5 longitudinal, and 2 experimental. Eight out of nine studies analyzing fitness as a mediator reported positive results, and one reported null finding. Adiposity was a significant mediator in one study, in two only in girls, and two reported null results. Cognition as a mediator was supported by four studies, whereas two reported null results. Regarding mental well‐being, 10 out of 14 studies reported positive effects, and one out of five behavioral studies found positive results. Although studies were too sparse to draw conclusions, overall, the results indicated that self‐esteem, self‐image, self‐efficacy, stress, and health behaviors might be potential mediators in the relationship between PA and AA. All studies were rated as medium‐high quality.ConclusionOverall, the available evidence seems to suggest that cardiorespiratory fitness, cognition, mental well‐being, and exercise‐related behaviors play some role as mediators of the relationship between PA and AA. However, the cross‐sectional nature of most of the reviewed studies prevents us from making any statement in terms of causal paths. Thus, well‐designed follow‐up and randomized controlled studies aimed not only to tests the effect of PA in AA, but also to examine the influence of mediators are required.
Molecular phylogeny and macroevolution of Chaitophorinae aphids (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Liu Tong‐Yi , Chen Jing , Zhu Xi‐Chao , Li Cai‐Ling , Jiang Li‐Yun , Wieczorek Karina , Qiao Ge‐Xia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChaitophorinae is a predominantly Northern Hemisphere aphid subfamily characterized by numerous setae on the body. Two constituent tribes are associated with different host plants, with Chaitophorini feeding on deciduous trees and shrubs and Siphini colonizing grasses. Based on data from multiple genes (COI, COII, Cytb and EF‐1α), geographical distribution and host association, this study investigated the phylogeny and macroevolution of Chaitophorinae using phylogenetic reconstruction, molecular dating, model‐based ancestral area and character estimations and diversification rate calculation. Our results support the monophyly of Chaitophorinae and two tribes, indicate that Sipha and the two largest genera Chaitophorus and Periphyllus are not monophyletic, and suggest a need for a change in the taxonomic status of Lambersaphis, which was nested within Chaitophorus in the phylogenetic tree. We recovered an origin of Chaitophorinae on Acer plants from eastern Asia during the Late Cretaceous to early Palaeocene, followed by multiple dispersals into other areas that were responsible for its contemporary distribution. The origins of Siphini and Chaitophorus + Lambersaphis coincided with colonizations of novel host plants. An increase in diversification rate occurred within Chaitophorus in the Miocene and was associated with range expansion and switching onto new host plants, highlighting the roles of dispersal and host shift in aphid diversification.
Experience‐based learning: how a crisis solution informed fundamental change in a clinical education curriculum
Authors: Costello Maria , Cantillon Peter , Geoghegan Rosemary , Byrne Dara , Lowery Aoife , Walsh Sinead M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundClinical education represents the most important formative period in undergraduate medical education. It is often criticised as haphazard and inefficient. Experience‐based learning (ExBL) is a novel clinical education design that utilises practices of support, learner participation and real patient learning to enhance students' development of vital professional capabilities. We introduced ExBL to address the challenges of a 50% reduction in clinical placement time that arose during the COVID‐19 pandemic.ApproachFinal year medical students were assimilated into clinical teams as co‐workers to facilitate learning through participation rather than observation. Placement education was supported by an integrated case‐based learning and high‐fidelity simulation program. Real patient learning in workplace contexts was supported by a network of clinician mentors.EvaluationA qualitative evaluation revealed that granting students co‐worker status strongly supported participatory learning and professional identity formation. Furthermore, the triangulation of placements with cognitive coaching and high‐fidelity simulation greatly enhanced skills development and students' sense of readiness for practice.ImplicationsUtilisation of ExBL significantly enhanced the quality of informal learning on clinical placements despite the reduced clinical placement time. In addition, the integration of cognitive coaching with simulation opportunities meant students were better prepared for meaningful participation as members of clinical teams. The introduction of ExBL increased the workload of clinical teachers. Moreover, favouring learning through participatory experience reduced exposure to more traditional formal bedside teaching encounters. Despite these challenges, we have adopted an ExBL model created in a crisis as our core educational design for our final year clinical programme.
Iron from continental weathering dictated soft‐part preservation during the Early Ordovician
Authors: Saleh Farid , Lucas Victoire , Pittet Bernard , Lefebvre Bertrand , Lalonde Stefan V. , Sansjofre Pierre 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Fezouata Shale in Morocco is the most diverse Lower Ordovician unit yielding soft‐tissue preservation. Iron played a crucial role in the preservation of soft parts in this formation through the damage of bacterial membranes under oxic conditions and the pyritization of soft parts under the activity of bacterial sulphate reduction. However, the origin of Fe in this formation remains largely speculative. Herein, trace and rare earth elements were investigated in drilled‐core sediments from the Fezouata Shale. It is shown that a correlation exists between Fe and Al suggesting that most Fe has a detrital source. Elemental concentrations in the Fezouata Shale are most comparable to rivers and are the least similar to loess and sediments deposited near active island arcs. In this sense, continental weathering and its related Fe in river fluxes dictated occurrences of exceptional fossil preservation in the Fezouata Shale.