bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovery and biological evaluation of a small‐molecule inhibitor of CRM1 that suppresses the growth of triple‐negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Gao Jiujiao , Chu Peng , Liu Caigang , Sun Zhaolin , Liu Quentin , Yang Yongliang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDysregulation of the nuclear export machinery mediated by chromosomal maintenance 1 (CRM1, also known as exportin‐1), is closely associated with various human disorders, such as breast cancer. Previously, we identified sulforaphene and its synthetic analogues as covalent inhibitors of CRM1. Herein, we describe the discovery and biological evaluation of another sulforaphene synthetic analogue, LFS‐31, as a potential CRM1 inhibitor. In addition, we investigated the reversible binding mechanism of LFS‐31 with CRM1 through molecular simulations coupled with bio‐layer interferometry (BLI) and found relatively high binding affinity (KD = 43.1 ± 35.3 nM) between the LFS‐31 and CRM1 groups. We found that LFS‐31 exhibited a stronger growth suppression of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells than non‐TNBC cells, and had minimal effect on normal breast cells. Pharmacological treatment of TNBC cells with LFS‐31 at nanomolar concentrations led to the nuclear retention of IkBα resulting in strong suppression of NF‐κB transcriptional activity and attenuated cell growth and proliferation, which collectively contributed to the antitumor responses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the use of a sulforaphene analogue as a potent CRM1 inhibitor that targets the NF‐κB signaling pathway for the targeted therapy of TNBC.
Fibroblast‐like synoviocytes: Role in synovial fibrosis associated with osteoarthritis
Authors: Maglaviceanu Anca , Wu Brian , Kapoor Mohit 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe synovial membrane undergoes a variety of structural changes throughout the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA), including the development of fibrosis. Fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) are a heterogenous cell population of the synovium that are suggested to drive the fibrotic response, but the exact mechanisms associated with their activation in OA remain unclear. Once activated, FLS are suggested to acquire a myofibroblast‐like phenotype that drives fibrogenesis through excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) component deposition and an enhanced contractile function. In this review, we define FLS in the synovium, discuss how select extracellular or endogenous factors potentially induce their activation in OA, and describe how the activity of myofibroblast‐like cells affects the structure of the synovial membrane.
Thermodynamic evaporation and freshwater mixing models to test salinity proxies for late Pleistocene lake levels, Mono Lake, California
Authors: Sahajpal* Rahul , Hemming N. Gary , Rouff Ashaki A. , Hemming Sidney R. , Zimmerman Susan , Sahajpal Ritvik 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Times of higher paleolake levels in Mono Lake basin correspond to higher abundances of authigenic minerals such as calcite and Mg-smectite in the Wilson Creek Formation, the lake sediments exposed around the modern lake that represent the persistent wetter conditions of the last glacial cycle. It has been suggested that precipitation of these minerals in Mono Lake is controlled by the flux of water (surface and ground), which replenishes Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions in the lake. This water is subsequently depleted due to the high rates of evaporation in the Mono Basin, resulting in precipitation of calcite and Mg-smectite mineral phases. Thermodynamic evaporation models starting with Sierra Nevada spring water can simulate the chemical composition of Mono Lake remarkably well. These models do not, however, consider the mixing of freshwaters in the lake that is hypothesized to result in precipitation of calcite and Mg-smectite. Here, we present the results of our empirical evaporation and mixing (E&M) model using simple thermodynamic approaches. Although this model is highly simplified, it provides a valuable test of the hypothesis.
Dynamical system analysis of self-interacting three-form field cosmological model: stability and bifurcation
Authors: Chakraborty Soumya , Mishra Sudip , Chakraborty Subenoy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe present work deals with Cosmological model of a three-form field, minimally coupled to gravity and interacting with cold dark matter in the background of flat FLRW space-time. By suitable choice of the dimensionless variables, the evolution equations are converted to an autonomous system and cosmological study is done by dynamical system analysis. The critical points are determined and the stability of the (non-hyperbolic) equilibrium points are examined by center manifold Theory. Possible bifurcation scenarios have been examined by the Poincaré index theory to identify possible cosmological phase transition. Also stabilities of the critical points have been analyzed globally using geometric features.
Optimal Quantification of Functional Mitral Regurgitation: Comparison of Volumetric and Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area Methods to Predict Outcome
Authors: Igata Sachiyo , Cotter Bruno R. , Hang Calvin T. , Morikawa Nagisa , Strachan Monet , Raisinghani Ajit , Blanchard Daniel G. , DeMaria Anthony N. 
Published: May 2021

Background

Effective orifice area (EOA) ≥0.2 cm
2
or regurgitant volume (Rvol) ≥30 mL predicts prognostic significance in functional mitral regurgitation (FMR). Both volumetric and proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) methods enable calculation of these metrics. To determine their clinical value, we compared EOA and Rvol derived by volumetric and PISA quantitation upon outcome of patients with FMR.

Methods and Results

We examined the outcome of patients with left ventricular ejection fraction <35% and moderate to severe FMR. All had a complete echocardiogram including EOA and Rvol by both standard PISA and volumetric quantitation using total stroke volume calculated by left ventricular end‐diastolic volume×left ventricular ejection fraction and forward flow by Doppler method: EOA=Rvol/mitral regurgitation velocity time integral. Primary outcome was all‐cause mortality or heart transplantation. We examined 177 patients: mean left ventricular ejection fraction 25.2% and 34.5% with ischemic cardiomyopathy. Echo measurements were greater by PISA than volumetric quantitation: EOA (0.18 versus 0.11 cm
2
), Rvol (24.7 versus 16.9 mL), and regurgitant fraction (61 versus 37 %) respectively (all
P
value <0.001). During 3.6±2.3 years’ follow‐up, patients with EOA ≥0.2 cm
2
or Rvol ≥30 mL had a worse outcome than those with EOA <0.2 cm
2
or Rvol <30 mL only by volumetric (log rank
P
=0.003 and 0.004) but not PISA quantitation (log rank
P
=0.984 and 0.544), respectively.

Conclusions
Volumetric and PISA methods yield different measurements of EOA and Rvol in FMR; volumetric values exhibit greater prognostic significance. The echo method of quantifying FMR may affect the management of this disorder.
Acute Hospital Mortality of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Cancer From Registry Data
Authors: Okushi Yuichiro , Kusunose Kenya , Okayama Yoshihiro , Zheng Robert , Nakai Michikazu , Sumita Yoko , Ise Takayuki , Tobiume Takeshi , Yamaguchi Koji , Yagi Shusuke , Fukuda Daiju , Yamada Hirotsugu , Soeki Takeshi , Wakatsuki Tetsuzo , Sata Masataka 
Published: May 2021

Background
The prognosis of patients with cancer‐venous thromboembolism (VTE) is not well known because of a lack of registry data. Moreover, there is also no knowledge on how specific types are related to prognosis. We sought to evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with cancer‐associated VTE, compared with a matched cohort without cancer using real‐world registry data of VTE.

Methods and Results

This study was based on the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database in the JROAD‐DPC (Japanese Registry of All Cardiac and Vascular Diseases and the Diagnosis Procedure Combination). Of 5 106 151 total patients included in JROAD‐DPC, we identified 49 580 patients who were first hospitalized with VTE from April 2012 to March 2017. Propensity score was estimated with a logistic regression model, with cancer as the dependent variable and 18 clinically relevant covariates. After propensity matching, there were 25 148 patients with VTE with or without cancer. On propensity score‐matched analysis with 25 148 patients with VTE, patients with cancer had higher total in‐hospital mortality within 7 days (1.3% versus 1.1%, odds ratio [OR], 1.66; 95% CI, 1.31–2.11;
P
<0.0001), 14 days (2.5% versus 1.5%, OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.72–2.49;
P
<0.0001), and 30 days (4.8% versus 2.0%, OR, 2.85; 95% CI, 2.45–3.31;
P
<0.0001). On analysis for each type of cancer, in‐hospital mortality in 11 types of cancer was significantly high, especially pancreas (OR, 12.96; 95% CI, 6.41–26.20), biliary tract (OR, 8.67; 95% CI, 3.00–25.03), and liver (OR, 7.31; 95% CI, 3.05–17.50).

Conclusions
Patients with cancer had a higher in‐hospital acute mortality for VTE than those without cancer, especially in pancreatic, biliary tract, and liver cancers.
Contributions of Costimulatory Molecule CD137 in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Yuan Wei , Xu Chong , Li Bo , Xia Hao , Pan Yingjie , Zhong Wei , Xu Liangjie , Chen Rui , Wang Bin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
CD137 (4‐1BB, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 9) is a surface glycoprotein of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family that can be induced on a variety of immunocytes and nonimmune cells, including endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. The importance of CD137 in immune response has been well recognized; however, the precise biological effects and underlying mechanisms of CD137 in endothelial cells are unclear. A single layer of cells called the endothelium constitutes the innermost layer of blood vessels including larger arteries, veins, the capillaries, and the lymphatic vessels. It not only acts as an important functional interface, but also participates in local inflammatory response. This review covers recent findings to illuminate the role of CD137 in endothelial cells in different pathophysiologic settings.
Aristotle on Substance as Primary in Time
Authors: Sattler Wolfgang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In a notoriously obscure passage in Metaphysics 7.1 Aristotle claims that substance is primary in time. The only concrete literal interpretation suggested so far of this controversial claim is in terms of existing before and after in time. I argue that this interpretation faces serious problems. I then present a novel literal interpretation, in terms of being an appropriate subject of temporal predications, that is immune to these problems and strongly supported by philosophical and contextual considerations.
Good Baby, Good Life
Authors: Wang Ruijing 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article explores the question of ‘a good life’ through a daily-life perspective. It focuses on a case regarding the abolition of infanticide, through which the relations and interactions between the socialist state and ethnic minorities of southwest China are examined. By elaborating how an Akha custom (infanticide) that guarantees communal goodness/purity was abolished, the research reveals three competing or collaborating notions of ‘good life’, where the Akha’s cosmological ‘good life’ is partly reformed to obey state law and to meet its members’ personal desires. This is an unusual case in that the ethnic cultural authorities from a small, politically marginalised, frontier-dwelling and egalitarian group in southwest China do not ‘resist’ or ‘collaborate with’ the state in the expected way. Instead, they draw on state power to oppose their own customs. With such a unique case, the research helps to diversify our understandings of state–society relations in southwest China.
Liberty of Entering in International Agreements and Compliance of International Obligations
Authors: Tino Elisa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In August 2019 South Africa withdrew its signature from the Protocol on sadc Tribunal signed in 2014 by 9 sadc Member States. This decision was adopted in compliance with the judgment of the South African High Court as confirmed by the Constitutional Court which ruled that the participation of the President in the decision to suspend the sadc Tribunal, as well as his signature of the 2014 Protocol were unconstitutional, unlawful and irrational. These rulings are particularly ground-breaking in light of the conclusions they reached and raised some interesting implications under international law.
Migrant Smuggling in Africa: Challenges Yet to Be Overcome
Authors: d’Orsi Cristiano 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper focuses on the plight of smuggling of migrants in Africa. Migrant smuggling has been documented along at least five major and several smaller routes in Africa. In my study, I investigate whether current legislation and policies are effective in curbing the practice of smuggling in Africa. To evaluate the success rate of these measures, I am comparing figures over recent years to establish whether there has been a decrease in the number of migrants smuggled throughout the various regions of the continent. In my work, I argue that migration can be better managed but it cannot be stopped. In this framework, in Africa, the current migration policies and cooperation efforts intended to eradicate the practice of smuggling of migrants have given mixed results.
Protecting Land Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Africa: The Land Rights of Abuja Peoples of Nigeria and Ogiek Peoples of Kenya in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Barnabas Sylvanus Gbendazhi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper examines the treatment of customary land rights of indigenous peoples by State law in Nigeria and Kenya. Nigeria is chosen as a case study and Kenya has on-going legal reforms in relation to customary land rights. Both Kenya and Nigeria have plural legal systems. The objective is to demonstrate how Kenya has responded to the challenges of protecting customary land rights and how other African States, like Nigeria, should respond to similar challenges.
Architecture of Denial: Imperial Violence, the Construction of Law and Historical Knowledge during the Mau Mau Uprising, 1952–1960
Authors: Appiah Juliana , Yeboah Roland Mireku , Asah-Asante Akosua 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In 2013, the UK government settled a class action suit, which alleged that the British Colonial Government had subjected Kenyans to detainment, ill treatment and torture during the 1952–1960 ‘Kenya Emergency’. During the trial proceedings, the efforts of three expert historical witnesses for the prosecution – Caroline Elkins, David Anderson and Huw Bennett – led to the discovery of a cache of over 8,000 historical files from 36 former British colonies. The material contained within these documents suggested not only that Britain was aware of pervasive human rights abuses occurring throughout Kenya during the Emergency, but that the use of such violence was in fact endorsed and systematically regulated at the highest levels of the colonial administration. Drawing on Foucault’s conception of historical archives as ‘systems of discursivity’, and making use of the testimonies of the three experts, this article explores how the British Colonial Administration was able to dominate the discursive space surrounding Kenyan law and Mau Mau identity, allowing it both to justify the implementation of systemic violence throughout the Emergency, and to evade legal responsibility for these abuses at the time, and for decades afterward.
Religion, Law, and Politics in Ghana: Duabɔ (Imprecation) as Spiritual Justice in the Public Sphere
Authors: Tweneboah Seth 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper examines the reasons for and consequences of the resort to traditional spiritual justice in spite of increasing awareness of state civil law structures. The paper helps us theorise on how economic disputes resulting from lack of effective legal enforcement yields itself easily to the deployment of spiritual justice. The significance of this study is that it contributes perspectives into issues of law and political modernisation and their interrelationships with religious imaginations. It departs from previous accounts that focus on the pervasiveness of religion in the contemporary Ghanaian public sphere. Instead, the current study devotes attention to the conditions that occasion the deployment of religion in the public domain.
The Influence of Religion, Spirituality, and Purpose in Life for Resilience among Trans and Gender Diverse Individuals
Authors: Bowling Jessamyn , Mbugua Anne , Piperato Sarah 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Religion, spirituality, and purpose in life have benefits for mental and physical health, yet religious environments can be stigmatizing for trans and gender diverse (TGD) individuals. This study aimed to examine the influences of religion, spirituality and purpose in life for resilience among TGD individuals. This study included photo-elicited interviews (35 longitudinal interviews, 21 individuals) and surveys (n=108). Religious affiliation was significantly associated with increased levels of social support but was not significantly associated with other variables. Strategies found in themes from the qualitative analysis foster resilience strategies, including spirituality to overcome challenges, purpose in life, and social support. Yet strategies in the themes also utilize resilience strategies, including discrimination, strategies in response to discrimination, social support, and identity negotiation. As participants did make sense of religion and spirituality in how they conceived of their resilience, findings may inform therapeutic interventions and pastoral approaches.
Chinese Universities Mobilise FDI and DDI for the City’s Innovativeness in the ICT Sector
Authors: Malik Tariq H. , Kabiraj Sajal , Huo Chunhui 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We explored whether university populations (intensity) moderate the link between FDI (foreign direct investment) or DDI (domestic direct investment) and the city’s innovativeness in the ICT sector. With the moderating role of universities between resources and the city’s development level, we relied on institutional theory. Institutional theory combines the technical and symbolic concepts (network structure) of the university. With panel data based on 5166 observations from 287 Chinese cities over 18 years (1999 to 2016), we used the maximum likelihood method to test hypotheses for direct and indirect effects. The direct effect of baseline hypotheses represents the FDI and DDI; university intensity has a moderating effect. In the former case, the FDI and DDI positively correlate with the city’s innovativeness in China’s ICT sector. In the latter case, the population of universities in the city positively moderates the relation between these resources and the city’s development level. These findings contributed to the literature at three levels. First, the study contributes to ICT development and the city’s innovativeness in the research context. Second, the study contributes to university intensity as a resource mobilizer in institutional theory, emphasising that interinstitutional interaction supports resource flow for better performance in certain geographical locations. Third, the study contributes to policy- and practice-related issues related to city development, the smart environment, and ICT development as an enabling infrastructure.
The Avant-Garde Monument
Authors: Bru Sascha 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article homes in on monuments designed by proponents of the historical or classic avant-gardes. After the First World War, monuments by, among others, Kurt Schwitters and Johannes Baader, Walter Gropius and Mies van der Rohe, Vladimir Tatlin and El Lissitzky, Man Ray and Salvador Dalí, began to articulate a new function for the genre of the monument: no longer was it to commemorate the past, but to memorialize the present and time to come. This new architecture of memory also led to an expansion of the genre, which in the hands of avant-gardists further came to include temporary pavilions. Paying attention to theoretical writings on the monument, among others, by László Moholy-Nagy, Siegfried Giedion and Robert Smithson, the article concludes by referencing more recent experimentation in monument design by artists such as Flavin, Oldenburg and Hirschhorn, arguing that a comprehensive history of the avant-garde monument is long overdue.
Analysis of Droplet Splatter Patterns During Coblation Tonsil Surgery in the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Khong Grace C. , Bhat Jaya , Sharma Ravi S. , Leong Samuel C. 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: To assess droplet splatter around the surgical field and surgeon during simulated Coblation tonsil surgery to better inform on mitigation strategies and evaluate choice of personal protective equipment. Methods: This was an observational study performed using a life-size head model to simulate tonsil surgery and fluorescein-soaked strawberries to mimic tonsils. The Coblation wand was activated over the strawberries for 5 minutes. This was repeated 5 times with 2 surgeons (totalling 10 data sets). The presence of droplet around the surgical field and anatomical subsites on the surgeon was assessed in binary fashion: present or not present. The results were collated as frequency of droplet detection and illustrated as a heatmap; 0 = white, 1-2 = yellow, 3-4 = orange, and 5 = red. Results: Fluorescein droplets were detected in all 4 quadrants of the surgical field. The frequency of splatter was greatest in the upper (nearest to surgeon) and lower quadrants. There were detectable splatter droplets on the surgeon; most frequently occurring on the hands followed by the forearm. Droplets were also detected on the visor, neck, and chest albeit less frequently. However, none were detected on the upper arms. Conclusion: Droplet splatter can be detected in the immediate surgical field as well as on the surgeon. Although wearing a face visor does not prevent splatter on the surgical mask or around the eyes, it should be considered when undertaking tonsil surgery as well as a properly fitted goggle. Level of evidence: 5
Do Personal Stories Make Patient Decision Aids More Effective? An Update from the International Patient Decision Aids Standards
Authors: Shaffer Victoria A. , Brodney Suzanne , Gavaruzzi Teresa , Zisman-Ilani Yaara , Munro Sarah , Smith Sian K. , Thomas Elizabeth , Valentine Katherine D. , Bekker Hilary L. 
Published: May 2021

Background This article evaluates the evidence for the inclusion of patient narratives in patient decision aids (PtDAs). We define patient narratives as stories, testimonials, or anecdotes that provide illustrative examples of the experiences of others that are relevant to the decision at hand. Method To evaluate the evidence for the effectiveness of narratives in PtDAs, we conducted a narrative scoping review of the literature from January 2013 through June 2019 to identify relevant literature published since the last International Patient Decision Aid Standards (IPDAS) update in 2013. We considered research articles that examined the impact of narratives on relevant outcomes or described relevant theoretical mechanisms. Results The majority of the empirical work on narratives did not measure concepts that are typically found in the PtDA literature (e.g., decisional conflict). Yet, a few themes emerged from our review that can be applied to the PtDA context, including the impact of narratives on relevant outcomes (knowledge, behavior change, and psychological constructs), as well as several theoretical mechanisms about how and why narratives work that can be applied to the PtDA context. Conclusion Based on this evidence update, we suggest that there may be situations when narratives could enhance the effectiveness of PtDAs. The recent theoretical work on narratives has underscored the fact that narratives are a multifaceted construct and should no longer be considered a binary option (include narratives or not). However, the bottom line is that the evidence does not support a recommendation for narratives to be a necessary component of PtDAs.