bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fear appeal cues to motivate users' security protection behaviors: an empirical test of heuristic cues to enhance risk communication
Authors: Park Jongpil , Son Jai-Yeol , Suh Kil-Soo 
Published: September 2021

PurposeFirms continue to struggle with end users who do not follow recommended actions for safeguarding information security. Thus, the authors utilize insights gained from studies on heuristic processing of risk information to design cues in fear appeal messages more effectively so as to more strongly engender fear among users, which can in turn lead them to take protective actions toward information security. Specifically, four types of fear appeal cues are identified: numeric risk communication, social distance and goal framing in verbal risk communication and visual risk communication.Design/methodology/approachDrawing from protection motivation theory, the authors hypothesize that these fear appeal cues can engender fear among users to a greater extent. In addition, the authors hypothesize that users will perceive a higher level of severity and susceptibility when they perceive a large amount of fear. The research hypotheses were tested employing data collected through a laboratory experiment. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression analyses were performed to analyze the data.FindingsThe study's results suggest that numeric and visual risk communication cues in security notices can significantly increase the amount of fear felt by users. In addition, social distance was found to marginally increase the amount of fear felt by users. However, unlike our expectation, goal framing was not found to increase the amount of fear when the other three types of fear appeal cues were also given in a security notice. It was also found that induced fear can increase the severity and susceptibility of threats as perceived by users.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the literature on fear appeal cues designed to promote users' security protection behaviors. No prior study has designed security notices featuring the four different types of fear appeal cues and empirically tested the effectiveness of those cues in inducing fear among users. The findings suggest that the design of fear appeal cues can be improved by understanding individuals' heuristic processing of risk information, which can be subject to cognitive biases.
Stakeholder perception of the determinants of audit committee effectiveness in a developing economy: evidence from the Libyan banking sector
Authors: Masli Abdulhakim M. , Mangena Musa , Gerged Ali Meftah , Harradine Donald 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThis study distinctively explores the firm-level and national-level determinants of audit committee effectiveness (ACE) in the Libyan banking sector (LBS).Design/methodology/approachA mixed-methods approach has been employed to enhance the quality of the collected data and reduce the risk of bias. Five groups of actors in the Libyan banking sector were surveyed, including board members, AC members, executive managers, internal auditors and external auditors, further to interviewing a representative sample of these groups. In total, 218 survey responses were gathered, and 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted.FindingsThe study results show that AC authority, financial expertise and diligence are positively and significantly attributed to ACE, although AC independence and resources are not significantly related to ACE. The authors find that the legal and regulatory environment, government intervention, and the accounting and auditing environment are perceived as important and associated with ACE regarding national-level factors. These findings are strongly supported by semi-structured interviews and suggest that both firm-level and national-level factors are essential in understanding ACE in Libya's banking sector.Research limitations/implicationsThe study’s evidence reiterates the vital need for more concentrated work to integrate governance, legislative and regulatory reforms to ensure the effectiveness of ACs as a key corporate governance (CG) mechanism in developing economies.Originality/valueThis study extends the literature relating measures of AC inputs and outputs by examining the perception of stakeholders to understand both the firm-level and national-level factors that affect ACE in a single institutional setting. Additionally, this work adds to the limited number of recent studies examining the role of ACs in the banking sector in developing economies.
Successful school leadership for social justice in Spain
Authors: Moral Santaella Cristina 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to present the results obtained from the investigations that have been carried out within the International Successful School Principalship Project (ISSPP) project in the Spanish for social justice.Design/methodology/approachTwelve case studies have been carried out within the three lines of research proposed by ISSPP: successful principals, underperforming principals and principal leadership identity. All but one school were in challenging contexts. The methodological approach followed is based on multiple perspective case studies using a mixture of qualitative methods (interviews, focus groups and observations).FindingsResults show that successful principals not only believe in social justice through simple empathy with the concept of social justice, but also use strategies that combine transformational and instructional leadership processes and manage to reverse the bad situation of their disadvantaged schools, seeking excellence from equity. The leadership identity of successful principals is characterized to look to the future with hope, adopting a realistic utopian attitude to interpret their surrounding reality.Originality/valueFrom the case studies carried out, valuable information is obtained, which helps to understand the possibilities of implementing the ISSPP successful school leadership model in heterogeneous and disadvantaged context for equity and social justice.
Assessing the adoption of critical success factors for lean six sigma implementation
Authors: Gastelum-Acosta Carlos , Limon-Romero Jorge , Tlapa Diego , Baez-Lopez Yolanda , Tortorella Guilherme , Rodriguez Borbon Manuel Ivan , Navarro-Cota Christian Xavier 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThe objective of the study is to design and validate an instrument that allows organizations to assess their status regarding the adoption of the critical success factors (CSFs) that enable lean six sigma (LSS) implementation in order to achieve the expected benefits.Design/methodology/approachAn extensive literature review was conducted to define the LSS CSFs that have to be considered for the development of the questionnaire that would later be applied across all manufacturing companies on the Northern Mexican border. Once the database was built, a statistical verification of the assumptions required for factor analysis took place. Finally, the due construct validation was carried out to verify whether the proposed instrument measured reliably what it is intended to.FindingsA questionnaire measuring nine CSFs, as well as the benefits associated with the implementation of LSS, was designed and validated through 61 items.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitations of this study are that the research is cross-sectional and that the study was carried out taking as a reference only exporting manufacturing companies located in the border area between Mexico and the United States.Practical implicationsThe validated instrument is expected to serve as a useful tool for companies interested in the implementation of LSS.Originality/valueThis study introduces a validated tool for the analysis of LSS CSFs while providing evidence of construct validity and the solid structure of the factors.
The effects of institutional pressures on shipping digital transformation in Taiwan
Authors: Kuo Hui-Ming , Chen Tse-Lu , Yang Chung-Shan 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to empirically evaluate the impact of coercive pressure, normative pressure and mimetic pressure on digital transformation and benefits in the maritime shipping context.Design/methodology/approachThe authors collect data from a survey of 119 shipping companies, shipping agencies, port corporations and shipping forwarders in Taiwan and apply a structural equation model to test the research hypotheses.FindingsFour conclusions can be drawn: First, digital transformation mainly results from coercive pressure and mimetic pressure. Second, another positive and important source of pressure for shipping digital transformation is the fact that competitors are gradually undergoing digital transformation and have gained recognition from customers. Third, shipping professional organizations and association (e.g. IACS, IAPH, Baltic International Maritime Commission) must keep up with the trend toward digital transformation and put forward guidelines and recommendations that can be followed in order to lead the maritime shipping industry. Fourth, digital transformation has great potential to help deliver the benefits (i.e. improve efficiency, relationship with customers and sustainability).Originality/valueThis research explores the digital transformation of the shipping industry through the lens of institutional theory. The results show that digital transformation is mainly due to coercive pressure and mimetic pressure. Digital transformation has been found to bring benefits that can help shipping operators allocate their resources effectively, thereby increasing operational efficiency, improving relationships with customers and enhancing sustainability.
Reconciling resilience across ecological systems, species and subdisciplines
Authors: Capdevila Pol , Stott Iain , Oliveras Menor Imma , Stouffer Daniel B. , Raimundo Rafael L. G. , White Hannah , Barbour Matthew , Salguero‐Gómez Roberto 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Resilience has emerged as a key concept in ecology and conservation biology to understand and predict ecosystem responses to global change. In its broadest sense, resilience describes the ability of an ecosystem to resist, and recover from, a disturbance. However, the application of such a concept in different subdisciplines of ecology and in different study systems has resulted in a wide disparity of definitions and ways of quantifying resilience.

This Special Feature, which spans the Journal of Ecology, Journal of Animal Ecology and Functional Ecology, provides an overview of how ecologists define, quantify, compare and predict resilience across different study systems.

The 29 contributions to this Special Feature show the broad range of approaches used by ecologists to study resilience. Almost half of the contributions (48%) study resilience at the community level, with a 30% of them studying resilience at multiple levels of biological organisation. A large proportion of these articles are observational (42%), experimental (14%) or a combination of both (17%) while a 17% utilise theoretical or computational approaches. Although 38%, 21% and 14% of the studies were based solely on plants, animals or micro‐organisms, respectively, 17% of them incorporated these multiple trophic levels.

Synthesis. A unified ecological understanding of resilience across systems and taxa requires a trans‐disciplinary consensus on what resilience actually is and how to best measure it. Here, we provide an overview of how ecologists define, quantify, compare and predict resilience across different ecological systems and subdisciplines, with reference to the diverse approaches used by contributions to this Special Feature. We identify four key recommendations to harmonise future efforts in resilience research: (a) define resilience using existing theoretical frameworks; (b) use common and comparable metrics to measure resilience; (c) clearly contextualise and define the pre‐ and post‐disturbance state of the ecological system and (d) consider explicitly the disturbance type and regime impacting the system.
COVID‐19 Disproportionately Impacts More Vulnerable Rural Hospitals and Communities
Authors: Knocke Kathleen , Malone Tyler , Thomas Sharita , Friedman Hannah , Planey Arrianna 
Published: September 2021

Research ObjectiveWe sought to identify the degree to which COVID‐19 burden varied by the risk of financial distress of the hospital and community vulnerability.Study DesignCommunity burden of COVID‐19 was assessed using three per‐capita measures calculated from the New York Times GitHub using data through 12/31/2020 – cumulative identified cases and cumulative deaths measure the cumulative burden on the community and peak case date. Hospital burden was measured using occupancy measures calculated from the US HHS data on COVID‐19 Reported Patient Impact and Hospital Capacity by Facility. The Financial Distress Index (FDI) is an algorithm that uses historical data about hospital financial performance, government reimbursement, organizational characteristics, and market characteristics to predict the current risk of financial distress. The model assigns every rural hospital to one of four financial risk categories: high, mid‐high, mid‐low, or low. Rural hospitals were characterized by their 2020 risk of financial distress level. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) indicates US counties' relative vulnerability based on 15 social factors covering economy, infrastructure, and community composition.Population StudiedWe include all rural hospitals defined by the Federal Office of Rural Health Policy.Principal FindingsThe analytical dataset included 2266 rural hospitals with financial distress, including High (N = 228, 10.1%), Mid‐High (N = 399, 17.6%), Mid‐Low (N = 997, 44.0%) and Low (N = 642, 28.3%).While there were no significant differences in cumulative or peak cases among communities with low or high financial distress hospitals, communities with hospitals in high financial distress had higher death rates per capita (13.4 deaths per 10,000 for High distress vs. 10.6 deaths for Low distress (p < 0.0001). During the last week of December, more distressed hospitals had a higher percent of occupied beds with COVID‐19 patients and lower reported occupancy (both p < 0.01). In regression analyses, more vulnerable communities, as measured by the SVI, had higher death rates (p < 0.001) and lower peak rates (p < 0.001) but no significant difference in cumulative cases per capita.ConclusionsMore vulnerable rural counties have faced a higher COVID‐19 burden in terms of deaths per capita, and they were also more likely to have financially stressed hospitals.Implications for Policy or PracticeFinancially stressed hospitals serving vulnerable communities may need additional support to provide services to their populations, which have been the most burdened by COVID‐19 deaths.
Re‐stating power: How states make, tame, and shape markets
Authors: Chandrashekeran Sangeetha 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article presents the argument that states work in and through markets to actively balance competing interests and manage contradictions and disequilibrium. I focus on four processes reshaping Australia’s electricity governance in the last two decades, namely deregulation, (de)centralisation, decarbonisation, and digitalisation, and show the ubiquity of state spatial strategies to govern through markets. I establish the historical legacy of subnational state‐led development in Australian electricity, then examine how recent deregulatory processes have resulted in new modes of state power exercised through the creation and taming of markets. My claims are that subnational governments continue to exercise authoritative power under Australian federalism and that new networks of techno‐managerial market governance remain subject to hierarchical state power. The purchase of key electricity assets has become a strategy for exercising state influence in and through the market. Political and spatial economic geographies of Australian energy continue to shape the struggles over energy futures, requiring attention to place, scale, territory, and network. The socio‐spatial dimensions of state strategies reveal complex and vacillating modes of state power. State action is characterised by a lack of coordination rather than unification at different scales, and the capacity to execute state projects is complicated by discursive and agential politics.
Cross‐sectional and prospective associations of drinking characteristics with scores from the Self‐Report of the Effects of Alcohol questionnaire and findings from alcohol challenges
Authors: Schuckit Marc A. , Smith Tom L. , Clarke Dennis F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundData from 2 generations of participants in the San Diego Prospective Study (SDPS) were used to compare cross‐sectional and prospective relationships of 5 measures of the low level of response (low LR) to alcohol to 2 key alcohol‐related outcomes.MethodsThe analyses used data from 373 SDPS male probands and 158 male and female offspring of these individuals to evaluate relationships of 5 LR measures to the prior 5‐year maximum drinks per occasion and the number of 11 DSM‐IV alcohol use disorder (AUD) criteria experienced. Probands' LR measures included responses to alcohol challenges administered 15 years previously, and ratings for both generations included measures of the number of standard drinks during four periods: the first five times of drinking (SRE‐5), the prior three drinking months (SRE‐3), the period of heaviest drinking (SRE‐H), and a total average across all time frames (SRE‐T). Analyses included zero‐order correlations, correlations using covariates, and hierarchical multiple regression analyses.ResultsAll 5 LR measures were correlated with aspects of maximum drinks and the number of AUD criteria, but the most robust results were seen for SRE‐3 and maximum drinks. Correlations were less consistent for SRE‐5, a measure more closely related to outcomes in the offspring. Hierarchical regression analyses supported most of these conclusions and showed that alcohol challenge–based LRs added significant information regarding maximum drinks even when evaluated with SRE values. The close correlation between SRE‐H and SRE‐T argues against the need for studies to include both measures. The patterns of results were similar irrespective of whether covariates were included.ConclusionsThere were significant correlations of maximum drinks and the number of AUD criteria with findings from prior alcohol challenges and all SRE scores. Challenges and SRE reports are related but not identical LR measures. All SRE scores, including SRE‐5, offered useful information regarding subsequent drinking behavior.
How alcohol affects insulin‐like growth factor‐1's influences on the onset of puberty: A critical review
Authors: Dees William L. , Hiney Jill K. , Srivastava Vinod K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlcohol (ALC) is capable of delaying signs associated with pubertal development in laboratory animals, as well as in humans. The normal onset of puberty results from a timely increase in gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion, which is associated with a gradual decline in prepubertal inhibitory influences, and the establishment of excitatory inputs that increase GnRH release, which together drive pubertal development. In recent years, insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) has emerged as a pivotal contributor to prepubertal GnRH secretion and pubertal development, whose critical actions are interfered with by ALC abuse. Here we review the neuroendocrine research demonstrating the important role that IGF‐1 plays in pubertal development, and describe the detrimental effects and mechanisms of action of ALC on the onset and progression of pubertal maturation.
Corporate innovation and future earnings: does early patent disclosure matter?
Authors: Plečnik James M. , Yang Leo L. , Zhang Joseph H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study investigates how pre‐grant patent disclosures required by the American Inventors Protection Act (AIPA) affect the value of innovation. The accelerated disclosures instituted by the AIPA may benefit innovative firms by either reducing duplicative R&D projects or by facilitating prompt, beneficial knowledge spillovers among firms. However, early innovation disclosures may result in proprietary costs and reduce competitive advantages. Our results indicate that when firms engage in quality innovation as captured by patent citations or originality, they have more efficient innovation output after the passage of the AIPA, and their innovation output is more strongly associated with future earnings.
Cephalic marks and well‐being in newborns after operative vaginal delivery
Authors: Gachon Bertrand , Daressy Elisa , Vanhecke Johanne , Juinier Louarn Christine , Papin Sonia , Pierre Fabrice , Fritel Xavier 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the incidence of cephalic marks in newborns exposed to operative vaginal delivery and those who are not. We examined the factors associated with alterations in neonatal well‐being and with cephalic mark occurrence.MethodsProspective study involving singleton term newborns delivered in a cephalic presentation. Newborns in the operative group were matched with newborns born on the same day without instruments required. A cephalic mark was defined as any mark or edema on the newborn's skin between 12 and 72 hours of life. Neonatal well‐being was assessed by analgesic consumption, neonatal discomfort (EDIN score of 1 or more), and prolonged hospitalization (4 days or more). We compared the operative and spontaneous groups and determined the relative risk (RR) for cephalic marks. We investigated the factors associated with alterations in neonatal well‐being and factors associated with cephalic mark occurrence in the case of operative delivery using multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 135 newborns were included in each group. The incidence of cephalic marks was higher in the operative group (RR = 13.3 [6.0–29.5]). In case of operative delivery, cephalic marks were associated with neonatal discomfort (adjusted odds ratios [aOR] = 8.2 [2.2–30.6]) and analgesic consumption (aOR = 3.0 [1.2–7.1]). The number of cephalic marks was higher in cases with sequential use of vacuum and forceps (aOR = 3.5 [1.1–11.7]) and forceps only deliveries (aOR = 3.0 [1.1–8.1]) relative to vacuum only deliveries.ConclusionsOperative delivery increases the risk of neonatal cephalic marks, which can negatively affect neonatal well‐being.