bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two-Year Treatment With Metformin During Puberty Does Not Preserve β-Cell Function in Youth With Obesity
Authors: Kelsey Megan M , Hilkin Allison , Pyle Laura , Severn Cameron , Utzschneider Kristina , Van Pelt Rachael E , Zeitler Philip S , Nadeau Kristen J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Context
Youth-onset type 2 diabetes is a disease of pubertal onset, associated with additional burden of pubertal insulin resistance on the β-cell.

Objective
Evaluate the impact of metformin treatment during puberty, a critical window of cardiometabolic change, on insulin sensitivity (Si) and compensatory β-cell response in youth with obesity.

Setting
Pediatric academic hospital clinical translational research center.

Participants
Healthy youth in early puberty [Tanner stage (T) 2-3] with normoglycemia and obesity (n = 44).

Intervention
Double-blinded placebo-control trial of metformin during puberty (until T5).

Main Outcome Measures
Insulin sensitivity (Si), insulin response [acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg)], and disposition index (DI), estimated from frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance testing; body fat (dual X-ray absorptiometry); and other laboratory parameters, collected at baseline, T4, and T5. Placebo-subtracted treatment effect was calculated using linear mixed models.

Results
At T5, metformin treatment, adjusting for sex, race, and baseline value, was associated with improved BMI z-score (−0.44 ± 0.16, P = 0.02), percentage body fat (%body fat; −3.4 ± 1.2%, P = 0.06), and waist circumference (−11.3 ± 3.2cm, P = 0.003). There were no significant treatment effects at T5 on Si or secretion: Si (0.85 ± 0.87 × 10−4/min−1/μIU/mL, P = 0.34), AIRg (−259 ± 386 μIU/mL, P = 0.51), or DI (508 ± 802 × 10−4/min−1, P = 0.53). High baseline DI predicted longitudinal decline in DI.

Conclusions
Two years of metformin treatment in obese youth during puberty improved BMI and body fat, but not Si or β-cell function. Of note, high DI in early puberty may be predictive of later decline in DI. Further studies are needed to develop strategies for preservation of β-cell function in youth at risk for type 2 diabetes.
Activation of Vasopressin System During COVID-19 is Associated With Adverse Clinical Outcomes: An Observational Study
Authors: Gregoriano Claudia , Molitor Alexandra , Haag Ellen , Kutz Alexander , Koch Daniel , Haubitz Sebastian , Conen Anna , Bernasconi Luca , Hammerer-Lercher Angelika , Fux Christoph A , Mueller Beat , Schuetz Philipp 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundActivation of the vasopressin system plays a key role for the maintenance of osmotic, cardiovascular, and stress hormone homeostasis during disease. We investigated levels of copeptin, the C-terminal segment of the vasopressin prohormone, that mirrors the production rate of vasopressin in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).MethodsWe measured levels of copeptin on admission and after days 3/4, 5/6, and 7/8 in 74 consecutive hospitalized adult COVID-19 patients and compared its prognostic accuracy to that of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (n = 876) and acute or chronic bronchitis (n = 371) from a previous study by means of logistic regression analysis. The primary endpoint was all-cause 30-day mortality.ResultsMedian admission copeptin levels in COVID-19 patients were almost 4-fold higher in nonsurvivors compared with survivors (49.4 pmol/L [iterquartile range (IQR) 24.9–68.9 pmol/L] vs 13.5 pmol/L [IQR 7.0–26.7 pmol/L]), resulting in an age- and gender-adjusted odds ratio of 7.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–40.3), p &lt; 0.03 for mortality. Higher copeptin levels in nonsurvivors persisted during the short-term follow-up. Compared with the control group patients with acute/chronic bronchitis and pneumonia, COVID-19 patients did not have higher admission copeptin levels.ConclusionsA pronounced activation of the vasopressin system in COVID-19 patients is associated with an adverse clinical course in COVID-19 patients. This finding, however, is not unique to COVID-19 but similar to other types of respiratory infections.
Measurements of Acute Affective Responses to Resistance Exercise: A Narrative Review
Authors: Beaumont Cory , Ferrara Paula-Marie M. , Strohacker Kelley 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Exercise-related affect should be measured in task to avoid rebound effects (i.e., immediate increases of positive valence, likely due to the relief of exercise cessation), but the general timing and frequency of affect measurement is unclear with respect to resistance exercise, which has a discontinuous nature (i.e., the entirety of the bout is broken up by periods of rest). This narrative review aims to synthesize literature regarding the affect measurement protocols during acute resistance exercise. A systematic search of three databases yielded 28 articles, 26 describing total-body sessions, one focused on lower-body exercise, and one focused on upper body exercise. In-task ratings were recorded in only 12 studies, based on either set completion (e.g., after every, or every third set) or time (e.g., after the midpoint exercise, every 10 min). All ratings occurred during rest intervals, but prompt specificity was reported in only two studies and framed as “right now” rather than “during exercise.” Overall, protocols varied and raise concerns that rebound effects cannot be ruled out because ratings were not taken during physical exertion. Conversely, a higher standard of reporting is necessary to determine that prompts were designed to capture accurate in-task affective responses. Specifically, researchers should indicate the precise verbiage used to obtain in-task ratings, especially if prompts are given postset. Future research should also seek to identify the peak (i.e., most salient point) of a set to represent the in-task affective responses.
Changes in Metabolism and Caloric Intake after Sport Concussion: A Case Series
Authors: Daniell Brooke , Bernitt Candace , Walton Samuel R. , Malin Steven K. , Resch Jacob E. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTPurposeResting metabolic rate (RMR) changes as a result of moderate and severe traumatic brain injury in humans. However, the effect of sport concussion (SC) on RMR and subsequent food intake is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine how SC affected energy expenditure, caloric intake (CI), and energy balance (EBal) in student-athletes.MethodsIn this case series, 10 student-athletes (3 high school males, 3 high school females, 2 collegiate males, and 2 collegiate females) were assessed ≤72 h after SC (T1), 7 d after T1 (T2), and 7 d after T2 (T3) by undergoing indirect calorimetry and recording diet and step count for 3 d around each assessment. RMR, total energy expenditure (TEE), CI, and EBal were evaluated across time using repeated-measures ANOVA. Main outcomes were related to symptoms using Spearman’s ρ correlations.ResultsRMR (F(2)= 1.52,P= 0.24, η2= 0.15) and TEE (F(2)= 2.29,P= 0.13, η2= 0.20) were not statistically different over time. However, males experienced increased RMR (mean difference, T3 − T1 = 206 kcal·d−1) compared with a decline for females (T3 − T1 = −32 kcal·d−1). CI decreased from T2 to T3 by approximately 385 kcal in both males and females (F(2)= 4.73,P= 0.02, η2= 0.35). EBal changed (F(2)= 4.35,P= 0.03, η2= 0.33) from overeating (T1 = 593 kcal surplus) to relative balance (T3 = 61 kcal surplus).ConclusionsAlthough overall energy expenditure was not altered over time after concussion, a pattern suggesting sex differences was present. Participants initially overconsumed calories relative to TEE; however, this disparity declined over time to the point of EBal by the third assessment.
Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Feasibility Study of a Coordinated Parent/Child Weight Loss Intervention: Dyad Plus
Authors: Dilley Joshua R. , Singletary Camelia R. , Ard Jamy D. , Giles Steven , Skelton Joseph A. , Heboyan Vahé , Jake-Schoffman Danielle E. , Turner-McGrievy Gabrielle , McGrievy Matthew , Ip Edward H. , Moore Justin B. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTThe prevalence of youth with overweight and obesity is a global health concern, necessitating clinical interventions to treat obesity effectively through lifestyle modification. Interventions in adolescents have demonstrated improvements in healthy eating and physical activity with only modest weight loss outcomes. Consequently, there is growing interest in developing strategies to enhance the effectiveness of clinical interventions in adolescents. Targeting the family system can be an effective approach, but existing studies have failed to examine the impact of coenrolling both the adolescent and the adult in individually tailored weight loss programs and coordinating the adolescent/adult weight loss efforts. This article reports on the design and conceptual framework of the Dyad Plus study, which uses two weight loss clinics of the Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center: Brenner Families in training (Brenner FIT®; adolescents) and By Design (adults). Dyad Plus is a coordinated program designed to facilitate self-monitoring, positive communication, joint problem solving, and social support to increase physical activity, healthy eating, and weight loss relative to Brenner FIT alone. A total of 45 parent/adolescent dyads are randomized to one of three conditions (n= 15 for each): Brenner FIT only, Dyad (adolescent and parent both enroll simultaneously in the age-appropriate program), and Dyad Plus (both parent and adolescent enroll simultaneously, but with a coordinated component for adolescent and caregiver). This study aims to develop and pilot the coordinated intervention, establish feasibility of the intervention, and determine costs associated with implementation. The results of the study are expected in winter of 2021. If proven feasible and acceptable, Dyad Plus will be tested for effectiveness in a large-scale implementation-effectiveness clinical trial.
ДИАГНОСТИКА РАННЕГО РАКА ЖЕЛУДКА ВЗРОСЛОГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ КРАСНОЯРСКОГО КРАЯ ПО КЛИНИКО-АНАМНЕСТИЧЕСКИМ И ЛАБОРАТОРНЫМ ДАННЫМ
Authors: Smirnova O. V. , Tsukanov V. V. , Sinyakov A. A. , Moskalenko O. L. , Elmanova N. G. , Ovcharenko E. S. 
Published: March 2021

В РФ ежегодно регистрируется более 600 тысяч новых случаев рака, из них рак желудка составляет 7,3%. К сожалению, большинство из них пока диагностируют на поздних стадиях. Это связано с тем, что жители страны недостаточно информированы о наличии бесплатных скрининговых программ.
Цель нашего исследования – анализ клинико-анамнестических показателей и данных «ГастроПанели» среди взрослого населения Красноярского края для неинвазивной диагностики гастрита и скрининга раннего рака желудка.
Материал и методы исследования: В работе приведены результаты комплексного клинико-лабораторного исследования практически здоровых добровольцев, пациентов с хроническим атрофическим гастритом (ХАГ) и раком желудка (РЖ) I-II ст. Исследование проводилось с июня 2019 г. по сентябрь 2019 г., с разрешения локального этического комитета ФИЦ КНЦ СО РАН.
Результаты нашего исследования выявили, что больные в возрасте 45 лет и старше, страдающие от болей в эпигастральной области и диспепсии, имеющие в анамнезе болезни желудка, с признаками атрофии по результатам сывороточного пепсиногенового теста входят в группу риска развития раннего рака желудка. Данный подход позволит выявить значительную часть предраковых состояний среди населения для их дальнейшего тщательного обследования.
Dynamics of suicidal frequency changes on the railways in Poland - an attempt of epidemiological analyzes
Authors: Makara-Studzińska Marta , Załuski Maciej , Jagielski Paweł , Czabański Adam , Cyranka Katarzyna 
Published: March 2021

Cel pracyWyniki analizy zaprezentowane w artykule są doniesieniem z badań poświęconych samobójstwom na torach kolejowych.MetodaPrzeprowadzono analizę epidemiologiczną serii przypadków z wykorzystaniem danych pochodzących z Komendy Głównej Policji. Wskaźniki samobójstw na kolei w Polsce w latach 2007-2018 porównano z ogólną liczbą samobójstw w Polsce i krajach UE.WynikiWyniki: W latach 2007-2018 średni odsetek zgonów w wyniku samobójstwa na kolei w ogólnej liczbie samobójstw popełnionych w Polsce wyniósł 2,06%. W latach: 1999–2018 zwiększała się liczba prób samobójczych na kolei w ogóle oraz prób samobójczych nie zakończonych zgonem. Od roku 2012 obserwuje się wzrost liczby prób samobójczych na torach kolejowych oraz utrzymującą się liczbę zgonów samobójczych. W latach 2017-2018 rzucenie się pod pociąg, aby zakończyć życie, było trzecią najczęściej wybieraną metodą popełnienia samobójstwa w Polsce. Chociaż stanowi jedynie niewielki procent wśród wszystkich metod samobójczych, w Polsce była wybierana stosunkowo częściej w porównaniu do innych krajów europejskich.WnioskiPolska należy do niewielkiej grupy krajów europejskich, w których liczba zgonów samobójczych, w ciągu ostatnich 20 lat, cechowała się tendencję wzrostową. Rośnie liczba nieudanych prób samobójczych na kolei. Wskaźnik zgonów na torach kolejowych w Polsce był znacznie wyższy niż średni wskaźnik dla krajów UE.
Data Pooling in Stochastic Optimization
Authors: Gupta Vishal , Kallus Nathan 
Published: March 2021

Managing large-scale systems often involves simultaneously solving thousands of unrelated stochastic optimization problems, each with limited data. Intuition suggests that one can decouple these unrelated problems and solve them separately without loss of generality. We propose a novel data-pooling algorithm called Shrunken-SAA that disproves this intuition. In particular, we prove that combining data across problems can outperform decoupling, even when there is no a priori structure linking the problems and data are drawn independently. Our approach does not require strong distributional assumptions and applies to constrained, possibly nonconvex, nonsmooth optimization problems such as vehicle-routing, economic lot-sizing, or facility location. We compare and contrast our results to a similar phenomenon in statistics (Stein’s phenomenon), highlighting unique features that arise in the optimization setting that are not present in estimation. We further prove that, as the number of problems grows large, Shrunken-SAA learns if pooling can improve upon decoupling and the optimal amount to pool, even if the average amount of data per problem is fixed and bounded. Importantly, we highlight a simple intuition based on stability that highlights when and why data pooling offers a benefit, elucidating this perhaps surprising phenomenon. This intuition further suggests that data pooling offers the most benefits when there are many problems, each of which has a small amount of relevant data. Finally, we demonstrate the practical benefits of data pooling using real data from a chain of retail drug stores in the context of inventory management. This paper was accepted by Chung Piaw Teo, Management Science Special Section on Data-Driven Prescriptive Analytics.
A new therapeutic protocol for the treatment of keloid scars: a retrospective study
Authors: Boccara David , Serror Kevin , Chatelain Sarah , Chaouat Marc , Mimoun Maurice , Azoulay Laura 
Published: March 2021

Objective:There are few means to treat large keloid scars, as exeresis—even if partial—impedes direct closure without tension in the absence of a flap or a skin graft. This study evaluates the efficacy, indications for use and limitations of a new therapeutic protocol, combining an extralesional keloid excision left to heal by secondary intention with a paraffin dressing and glucocorticoid ointment, followed by monthly intrascar injections of corticosteroids upon full re-epithelialisation.Method:A retrospective study of patients treated for keloid scars by using the new therapeutic protocol. Scars were categorised as either healed or recurring. Their recurrence was scored according to the changes in functional signs and the scar volume.Results:A total of 36 scars were studied. The mean follow-up was 14.1 months. Healing occurred in a mean of 6.8 weeks. The mean surface area was 21.6cm2. Healing rate was 30.5%. Scar volume was improved in 60% of recurrent cases and functional signs in 56%. Based on adherence with the corticotherapy, two patient groups could be discerned. For patients in the ‘adherent’ group, the healing rate was 40%, and scar volume was improved in 75% of recurrent cases and the functional signs in 83% of cases.Conclusions:The healing rate in this study was close to that reported in the literature. Excision-healing by secondary intention could therefore be offered to patients for whom adherence is uncertain. The protocol in this study offers a straightforward, fast, accessible solution that does not appear to entail any risk of additional keloids. It could potentially offer a treatment option in case of failure of other treatments, large keloid scars or scalp keloids.
Non-cancer-related lower limb lymphoedema in complex decongestive therapy: the patient experience
Authors: Costello Mary , Moore Zena , Avsar Pinar , Nugent Linda , O'Connor Tom , Patton Declan 
Published: March 2021

Objective: Lymphoedema is a debilitating condition that results in the swelling of one or more limbs, leading to a significant impairment of mobility. From a psychosocial perspective, body image and quality of life (QoL) are also adversely affected. To date, non-cancer lymphoedema has been under-researched. The primary objectives of this study were to explore QoL and limb volume in patients with primary and secondary non-cancer-related lower limb lymphoedema during the intensive, maintenance and self-care phases of complex decongestive therapy over a 24-week period. Secondary objectives included exploring patients' experiences of living with lymphoedema and the challenges of self-care maintenance. Method: A sequential mixed methodology, using quantitative and qualitative methods, was used. The quantitative part of the study involved the use of tape measurements at 4cm intervals to ascertain limb volume alterations. Measurements were taken during the intensive phase at weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4; and during the maintenance phase at weeks 8, 16 and 24. QoL was measured using the lymphoedema QoL (LYMQOL) leg, at baseline and weeks 8 and 24. The qualitative part of the study involved the use of semi-structured interviews with patients at week 8. Interviews explored the experiences of patients living with lymphoedema and their experiences of complex decongestive therapy. Results: A total of 20 patients were recruited, two male and 18 female, with a mean age of 58.8 years (standard deviation (SD): 16 years), and all receiving complex decongestive therapy. At baseline, for all patients, the mean QoL score was 4.3 (SD: 2.4); and 8 (SD: 1.5) after 8 weeks of complex decongestive therapy. Mean difference was 4.00 (95% confidence interval: 2.76–5.24; p=0.00001) indicating a positive treatment effect. Limb volume measurements demonstrated a reduction in oedema from baseline to week 8. However, there were fluctuations in limb volume over the maintenance period of four months after treatment as the patients endeavoured to engage in self-care. Analysis of the interviews identified themes pertaining to lack of knowledge of lymphoedema among health professionals, a negative impact of living with lymphoedema and the positive therapeutic effect of complex decongestive therapy. Conclusion: Lower limb lymphoedema is a chronic condition that impacts negatively on the individual. Complex decongestive therapy improves QoL and reduces oedema. However, given the fluctuations in oedema post-treatment, individuals need greater support to maintain active engagement in effective self-care strategies.
<p><strong><em>Ptiloneura baiana </em>(Silva Neto, García Aldrete &amp; Rafael) (Psocodea, ‘Psocoptera’, Ptiloneuridae): description of the male, update of the diagnosis and variation of forewing venation</strong></p>
Authors: SILVA-NETO ALBERTO MOREIRA , GARCÍA ALDRETE ALFONSO N. , REATEGUI NATÁLIA SOARES , RAFAEL JOSÉ ALBERTINO 
Published: March 2021

The unknown male of Ptiloneura baiana (Silva Neto, García Aldrete & Rafael) is described and illustrated, variation in the forewings venation and an update of the diagnosis are presented. Key words: Taxonomy, Neotropics, Epipsocetae
Molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in the Volta Region of Ghana
Authors: Ameke Selassie , Asare Prince , Aboagye Samuel Yaw , Otchere Isaac Darko , Osei-Wusu Stephen , Yeboah-Manu Dorothy , Asante-Poku Adwoa 
Published: March 2021

Context
Available molecular epidemiological data from recent studies suggest significant genetic variation between the different lineages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and the MTBC lineages might have adapted to different human populations.

Aim
This study sought to determine the population structure of clinical MTBC isolates from the Volta Region of Ghana.

Methods
The MTBC isolates obtained from collected sputum samples were identified by PCR detecting of IS6110 and genotyped using spoligotyping. Non-tuberculous mycobacterial isolates were characterized by amplification of the heat shock protein 65 (hsp65) gene and sequencing. The drug susceptibility profiles of the MTBCs determined using GenoType MTBDRplus.

Results
One hundred and seventeen (117, 93.6%) out of 125 mycobacterial positive isolates were characterized as members of the MTBC of which M. tuberculosis sensu stricto (MTBss) and M. africanum (MAF) were respectively 94 (80.3%) and 23 (19.7%). In all, 39 distinct spoligotype patterns were obtained; 26 for MTBss and 13 for MAF lineages. Spoligotyping identified 89 (76%) Lineage 4, 16 (13.6%) Lineage 5, 7 (6.0%) Lineage 6, 3 (2.6%) Lineage 2, 1(0.9%) Lineage 3 and 1 (0.9%) Lineage 1. Among the Lineage 4 isolates, 62/89 (69.7%) belonged to Cameroon sub-lineage, 13 (14.7%) Ghana, 8 (9.0%) Haarlem, 2 (2.2%) LAM, 1 (1.1%) Uganda I, 1 (1.1%) X and the remaining two (2.2%) were orphan. Significant localization of MAF was found within the Ho municipality (n = 13, 29.5%) compared to the more cosmopolitan Ketu-South/Aflao (n = 3, 8.3%) (p-value = 0.017). Eight (8) non-tuberculous mycobacteria were characterized as M. abscessus (7) and M. fortuitum (1).

Conclusion
We confirmed the importance of M. africanum lineages as a cause of TB in the Volta region of Ghana.