bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Performance Transparent Broadband Microwave Absorbers
Authors: Wang Heyan , Zhang Yilei , Ji Chengang , Zhang Cheng , Lu Zhengang , Liu Yunfei , Cao Zhibo , Yuan Jing , Tan Jiubin , Guo L. Jay 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe ability to absorb a broad frequency range of microwaves is essential for improving the performance of various electromagnetic interference shielding applications. However, the achievement of broadband microwave absorption with high optical transparency remains a long‐standing and unsolved challenge. Here, a simple and powerful method for high‐efficiency broadband microwave absorption is presented by introducing strongly overlapped multi‐cavity resonances, which is supported by multi‐layer structures comprising of alternating graphene/silica pairs and ultrathin silver films. A design guideline for achieving broadband absorption in multi‐layer structures is proposed and, more importantly, the complementary effect of different graphene layers on the microwave absorption mechanism is revealed for the first time, providing a new analytical perspective. Experiments show that the absorption efficiency of the proposed multi‐layer structures is near unity (≈100%) at resonant peaks with absorption bandwidths (≥50%) up to ≈30 GHz within the measured range of 32 GHz. In addition, the multi‐layer structures exhibit highly visible transmittance ranging from ≈85.8% to 68.0%. The proposed general theoretical framework and physical insights in combination with experimental demonstrations lay the foundation for designing a new type of transparent broadband microwave absorber.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Aldehyde C−H Activation and Functionalization with Dioxazolones: An Entry to Imide Synthesis
Authors: Massouh Joe , Petrelli Antoine , Bellière‐Baca Virginie , Hérault Damien , Clavier Hervé 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA rhodium(III)‐based catalytic system has been used to develop a C−H bond activation of benzaldehyde derivatives and subsequent functionalization with dioxazolones in order to afford imides. The importance of the nature of the directing group to perform selectively the aldehydic C−H bond activation has been highlighted. The scope investigation showed that this transformation could be applied to various dioxazolones and many benzaldehyde derivatives as well as an acrolein derivative. Derivatization reactions of the imide products demonstrated the synthetic utility of this rhodium‐catalyzed aldehydic C−H amidation.magnified image
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Vinylene Carbonate Annulation by C−H/N−H Functionalizations: Step‐Economical Access to Indoles
Authors: Yu Yao , Wang Yang , Li Bo , Tan Yuqiang , Zhao Huan , Li Zheyu , Zhang Chunran , Ma Wenbo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA convenient and effective method of ruthenium‐catalyzed C−H/N−H annulations using vinylene carbonate as oxidizing acetylene surrogate has been disclosed. This method is scalable and compatible with a wide range of functional groups, providing a step‐economical access to indole synthesis Preliminary mechanistic studies provided support for a reversible, acetate‐assisted C−H ruthenation, along with a subsequent olefin insertion.magnified image
Achieving High Thermoelectric Performance by NaSbTe2 Alloying in GeTe for Simultaneous Suppression of Ge Vacancies and Band Tailoring
Authors: Duan Sichen , Xue Wenhua , Yao Honghao , Wang Xinyu , Wang Chen , Li Shan , Zhang Zongwei , Yin Li , Bao Xin , Huang Lihong , Wang Xiaodong , Chen Chen , Sui Jiehe , Chen Yue , Mao Jun , Cao Feng , Wang Yumei , Zhang Qian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGeTe alloys have attracted wide attention due to their high conversion efficiency. However, pristine GeTe possesses intrinsically massive Ge vacancies, leading to a very high hole concentration (1021 cm−3). Herein, a decreased carrier concentration is realized by alloying NaSbTe2 in GeTe due to the increased formation energy of Ge vacancies. This alloying also lowers energy separation between the valence bands in the rhombohedral GeTe and induces two extra valence band pockets around the Fermi surface along Γ‐L and L‐W in the cubic GeTe, all of which contributes to the higher power factors over a wide temperature range. Combined with the low lattice thermal conductivities due to plenty of dislocations and strains as a result of the crystallographic disorder of Na, Ge, and Sb, a maximum zT ≈ 2.35 at 773 K and a zTave of 1.33 from 300 to 773 K are achieved in (GeTe)90(NaSbTe2)10.
Collateral Damage Occurs When Using Photosensitizer Probes to Detect or Modulate Nucleic Acid Modifications
Authors: Fleming Aaron M. , Chabot Michael B. , Nguyen Ngoc L. B. , Burrows Cynthia J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNucleic acids are chemically modified to fine‐tune their properties for biological function. Chemical tools for selective tagging of base modifications enables new approaches; the photosensitizers riboflavin and anthraquinone were previously proposed to oxidizeN6‐methyladenine (m6A) or 5‐methylcytosine (5mdC) selectively. Herein, riboflavin, anthraquinone, or Rose Bengal were allowed to react with the canonical nucleosides dA, dC, dG, and dT, and the modified bases 5mdC, m6A, 8‐oxoguanine (dOG), and 8‐oxoadenine (dOA) to rank their reactivities. The nucleoside studies reveal that dOG is the most reactive and that the native nucleoside dG is higher or similar in reactivity to 5mdC or m6A; competition in both single‐ and double‐stranded DNA of dG vs. 5mdC or 6mdA for oxidant confirmed that dG is favorably oxidized. Thus, photosensitizers are promiscuous nucleic acid oxidants with poor chemoselectivity that will negatively impact attempts at targeted oxidation of modified nucleotides in cells.
2D Active Nanobots Based on Soft Nanoarchitectonics Powered by an Ultralow Fuel Concentration
Authors: Mathesh Motilal , Bhattarai Elisha , Yang Wenrong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEnzyme catalysis to power micro/nanomotors has received tremendous attention because of the vast potential in applications ranging from biomedicine to environmental remediation. However, the current design is mainly based on a complex three‐dimensional (3D) architecture, with limited accessible surface areas for the catalytic sites, and thus requires a higher fuel concentration to achieve active motion. Herein we report for the first time an enzyme‐powered 2D nanobot, which was designed by a facile strategy based on soft nanoarchitectonics for active motion at an ultralow fuel concentration (0.003 % H2O2). The 2D nanobots exhibited efficient positive chemotactic behavior and the ability to swim against gravity by virtue of solutal buoyancy. As a proof‐of‐concept, the 2D nanobots showed an excellent capability for “on‐the‐fly” removal of methylene blue (MB) dye with an efficiency of 85 %.
Core–Shell Structured Upconversion/Lead‐Free Perovskite Nanoparticles for Anticounterfeiting Applications
Authors: Xiao Hui , Liu Bin , Qiu Lei , Li Guogang , Zhang Guodong , Huang Dayu , Zhao Yajie , Yang Chunzheng , Jiang Fan , Dang Peipei , Lian Hongzhou , Cheng Ziyong , Lin Jun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn view of their excellent luminescence properties, nanocrystalline metal halide perovskites have diverse optoelectronic applications, including those related to anticounterfeiting. However, high‐quality optical anticounterfeiting typically requires multiple encryptions relying on several optical modes to ensure information security. Herein, an efficient anticounterfeiting strategy based on dual optical encryption is realized by combining up‐ and downconversion luminescence in a nanocomposite with NaYF4 : Er3+,Yb3+ as core and a CsMnCl3 as shell. The emission color of this nanocomposite depends on the penetration depth of incident radiation and can be changed by varying the excitation source (980 nm laser or UV light) to produce different luminescent patterns. This feature allows one to effectively improve the anticounterfeiting index and fabricate professional anticounterfeiting materials.
Green Carbon Science: Efficient Carbon Resource Processing, Utilization, and Recycling towards Carbon Neutrality
Authors: He Mingyuan , Sun Yuhan , Han Buxing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGreen carbon science is defined as the “study and optimization of the transformation of carbon‐containing compounds and the relevant processes involved in the entire carbon cycle from carbon resource processing, carbon energy utilization, CO2 fixation, and carbon recycling to utilize carbon resources efficiently and minimize the net CO2 emission.”[1] Green carbon science is related closely to carbon neutrality, and relevant fields have developed quickly in the last decade. In this Minireview, we propose the concept of carbon energy index, and the recent progress in petroleum refining, and the production of liquid fuels, chemicals, and materials using coal, methane, CO2, biomass, and waste plastics is highlighted in combination with green carbon science. An outlook for these important fields is provided in the final section.
Surface Engineering Assisted Size and Structure Modulation of Gold Nanoclusters by Ionic Liquid Cations
Authors: Zhu Moshuqi , Yao Qiaofeng , Liu Zhihe , Zhang Bihan , Lin Yingzheng , Liu Jian , Long Minnan , Xie Jianping 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSurface modification induced core size/structure change is a recent discovery in inorganic nanoparticles research, and has rarely been revealed at the molecular level. Here, we exemplify with atomically precise Au nanoclusters (NCs) that proper surface modification can selectively stabilize the desired Au0 core, conducive to the formation of size/structure‐controlled Au NCs. Leveraging π–π enhanced ion‐pairing interactions, ionic liquid (IL) cations are bonded to AuI‐thiolate complexes. The hydrophobic–hydrophobic interactions between IL cations subsequently provide a good mechanism to prolong the size of the AuI‐thiolate complexes, selectively producing small‐sized Au NCs upon reduction. Through combined control over the structure and concentration of IL cations, pH and solvent polarity, we are able to produce atomically precise Au NCs with customizable size, atomic packing structure, and surface chemistry. This work also provides a facile means to integrate/synergize the materials functionalities of Au NCs and ILs, increasing their acceptance in diverse fields.
Synthesis, spectroscopic and thermal studies of Cu+2, Ni+2and Co+3complexes of Schiff base containing furan moiety. Antitumor, antioxidant, antibacterial and DNA interaction studies
Authors: Venkateswarlu Kadtala , Anantha Lakshmi P. V. , Shivaraj  
Published: December 2021

Three mononuclear bioefficient imine‐based coordination complexes [Cu(FMIMBCP)2] (1), [Ni(FMIMBCP)2] (2), and [Co(FMIMBCP)3] (3) were synthesized using ligand [FMIMBCP = (((furan‐2‐yl)methylimino)methyl)‐6‐bromo‐4‐chlorophenol]. The formation of the complexes was ascertained by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared, UV–Visible, electrospray‐mass spectrometry, electron paramagnetic resonance, and thermogravimetric analysis. From the thermogravimetric curves, the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the thermal degradation steps were computed. The stability of the complexes has been calculated from quantum chemical parameters using HOMO‐LUMO energies. The comparative binding propensity profiles of above synthesized complexes with thecalf thymus‐DNA were investigated via UV absorption and fluorescence studies. On the basis of extended conjugation and increased chromophores, complex3exhibited superior bioactivity with greater calculated DNA binding constant values, (Kb) 5.73 × 104 M−1(3) as compared to complexes1(2.96 × 104 M−1) and2(8.38 × 103 M−1). The competitive binding titration with ethidium bromide (EB) revealed that metal complexes efficiently displace EB from the EB‐DNA system. The complexes were found to have pronounced cleavage efficiency as evaluated from agarose gel electrophoresis. The anticancer activity of the ligand and metal complexes against MCF‐7 and KB3 cells revealed that the complexes were more efficacious than the corresponding ligand. Further, in vitro antioxidant activity against DPPH proclaimed the remarkable bioefficiency of compounds, which makes them promising as an active chemotherapeutic agent. The complexes have strong antibacterial activity againstBacillus thuringiensis,Streptococcus pneumoniae,Escherichia coli, andPseudomonas putida.
Experimental investigation of the dewatering performance and product characteristics of oily scum at increased reaction time through hydrothermal treatment
Authors: Deng Shuanghui , Yu Shilin , Tan Houzhang , Wang Xuebin , Lu Xuchao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHydrothermal treatment (HT) is a promising thermal conversion technology that can convert wastes with high moisture content into value‐added products. The effects of reaction time on the dewatering performance and product characteristics of oily scum were investigated through HT in this study. The main components in liquid and the combustion characteristics of hydrochars were also studied. Results showed that as the HT reaction time increased, the appearance of the liquid product changed from light yellow clarifying solution to yellow turbidity oil‐water mixture. The liquid yield obtained from the HT process of oily scum increased with the increase of reaction time, while the moisture yield in hydrochars decreased gradually. The increase of reaction time improved the filtration performance and dewaterability of oily scum. Hydrochars presented the microscopic properties of the smooth and rough surfaces as well as the particles with different sizes. The thermogravimetric analysis showed that the devolatilization and combustion process of hydrochars was further separated into the two combustion phases of light and heavy volatiles. The combustion process of hydrochars was easier than dried oily scum due to lower activation energy and pre‐exponential factor. The results obtained in this study could provide valuable references for the reasonable treatment and effective utilization of oily scum.
You can't keep a bad idea down: Dark history, death, and potential rebirth of eugenics
Authors: Liscum Mannie , Garcia Michael L. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract“Be careful what you wish for”: This adage guides both how this project came to life, and how the topic covered in this review continues to unfold. What began as talks between two friends on shared interests in military history led to a 4‐year discussion about how our science curriculum does little to introduce our students to societal and ethical impacts of the science they are taught. What emerged was a curricular idea centered on how “good intentions” of some were developed and twisted by others to result in disastrous consequences of state‐sanctioned eugenics. In this article, we take the reader (as we did our students) through the long and soiled history of eugenic thought, from its genesis to the present. Though our focus is on European and American eugenics, we will show how the interfaces and interactions between science and society have evolved over time but have remained ever constant. Four critical 'case studies' will also be employed here for deep, thoughtful exploration on a particular eugenic issue. The goal of the review, as it is with our course, is not to paint humanity with a single evil brush. Instead, our ambition is to introduce our students/readers to the potential for harm through the misapplication and misappropriation of science and scientific technology, and to provide them with the tools to ask the appropriate questions of their scientists, physicians, and politicians.
Simulation modeling of breast cancer endocrine therapy duration by patient and tumor characteristics
Authors: Chandler Young , Schechter Clyde , Jayasekera Jinani , Isaacs Claudine , Kurian Allison W. , Cadham Christopher , Mandelblatt Jeanne 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundExtending endocrine therapy from 5 to 10 years is recommended for women with invasive estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive breast cancers. We evaluated the benefits and harms of the five additional years of therapy.MethodsAn established Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Network (CISNET) model used a lifetime horizon with national and clinical trial data on treatment efficacy and adverse events and other‐cause mortality among multiple birth cohorts of U.S. women ages 25–79 newly diagnosed with ER+, non‐metastatic breast cancer. We assumed 100% use of therapy. Outcomes included life years (LYs), quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs), and breast cancer mortality. Results were discounted at 3%. Sensitivity analyses tested a 15‐year time horizon and alternative assumptions.ResultsExtending tamoxifen therapy duration among women ages 25–49 reduced the lifetime probability of breast cancer death from 11.9% to 9.3% (absolute difference 2.6%). This translates to a gain of 0.77 LYs (281 days)/woman (undiscounted). Adverse events reduce this gain to 0.44 QALYs and after discounting, gains are 0.20 QALYs (73 days)/woman. Extended aromatase inhibitor therapy in women 50–79 had small absolute benefits and gains were offset by adverse events (loss of 0.06 discounted QALYs). There were greater gains with extended endocrine therapy for women with node‐positive versus negative cancers, but only women ages 25–49 and 50–59 had a net QALY gain. All gains were reduced with less than 100% treatment completion.ConclusionThe extension of endocrine therapy from 5 to 10 years modestly improved lifetime breast cancer outcomes, but in some women, treatment‐related adverse events may outweigh benefits.
Variations in Essential Oils from South Siberian Conifers of the Pinaceae Family: New Data towards Identification and Quality Control
Authors: Romanenko Elena P. , Domrachev Dmitry V. , Tkachev Alexey V. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractConifer essential oils have been used for centuries in traditional medicine, and nowadays they are of special interest for official medicine, aromatherapy and perfumery. In the present work, comprehensive information is given on the composition of essential oils prepared from the twigs of the conifer trees of the pine family (Pinaceae): Abies sibirica Ledeb., Larix sibirica Ledeb., Picea obovata Ledeb., Pinus sibirica Du Tour, Pinus sylvestris L. A total of 50 samples of essential oils have been studied. The samples were prepared during vegetation stage in the time period 1998–2012 from the growing wild trees in the South part of the Western Siberia (Russian Federation) and neighboring territories of Republic of Kazakhstan within the area with geographical coordinates LAT 49.180012–57.908583 and LON 83.213217–91.258717 at elevation of 82–2070 m above sea level. All the essential oil samples were obtained from freshly collected plant raw material by steam distillation at atmospheric pressure in stainless steel apparatus, which had been specially designed for field research. All the chromatographic profiles were prepared from authentic samples whose voucher specimens are deposited at the Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (NS). The following information for each sample is provided: (1) date and location of the plant raw material collecting, indicating administrative areas and the exact geographic coordinates; (2) yield of essential oil, (3) chemical composition of the essential oil sample based on GC/MS experiments using full mass‐spectra (EI, 70 eV) and linear retention indices of the components, (4) results of GC‐FID quantification based on internal standards and response factors, (5) enantiomeric composition of the main components based on GC×GC experiments using the 2nd column with cyclodextrin‐based chiral selector, (6) GC profile of the high‐boiling fractions indicating the characteristic sesquiterpenoids. Therefore, this study provides reliable information about the variability and true composition of the Siberian conifer oils, and the experimental data given can serve as reference chromatographic profiles of volatile substances to solve the problems of quality, authenticity and safety.
L'autocensure des hommes face au congé parental: Le cas français
Authors: Borel Pascale , Essig Elena 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNowadays women still assume most of the family and household work. The birth of children reinforces these inequalities mainly because of an unbalanced distribution of time in childcare shouldered by women and men in the first months after birth. Thus, despite European directives that aimed at promoting a fair sharing of parental time, parental leave is still mainly taken by women in France. In order to find the leverage for a more balanced distribution of family time and thus fight against professional gender inequalities, this work aims to better understand the self‐censorship behaviors that prevent men from having recourse to parental leave.
Clinicopathologic features of breast cancers diagnosed in women treated with prior radiation therapy for Hodgkin lymphoma: Results from a population‐based cohort
Authors: Wong Stephanie M. , Ajjamada Lissa , Weiss Anna C. , Prakash Ipshita , Skamene Sonia , Boileau Jean Francois , Pollak Michael N. , Basik Mark 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundChildhood and young adult survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) are at elevated risk of developing breast cancer, yet little data exist on the tumor characteristics that develop in this high‐risk patient population.MethodsThe National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was used to identify breast cancers diagnosed between 1990 and 2016 in women who had received prior radiation therapy for HL at age 30 years or younger. Clinicopathologic features of subsequent breast cancers (breast cancer after radiation therapy for HL [BC‐HL]) were examined and compared with breast cancers diagnosed in women who had no prior malignancy (breast cancer with no prior malignancy [BC‐NPM]).ResultsIn total, 321 breast cancers were identified in 257 women who had a history of radiation therapy for HL. The median age at HL diagnosis was 22 years (interquartile range, 18‐26 years), and nearly all patients in the BC‐HL group (97.9%) were diagnosed ≥8 years after radiation therapy. Overall, 56 patients in the BC‐HL group (21.8%) developed bilateral breast cancer. Compared with women who had BC‐NPM, those who had BC‐HL were younger (43 vs 60 years; P < .001) and were less likely to present with ductal carcinoma in situ (8.4% vs 14.9%; P = .001). On multivariable analysis that included adjustment for age, invasive BC‐HL was associated with smaller (≤2 cm) tumor size (odds ratio, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.25‐2.15) and upper outer quadrant tumors (odds ratio, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.04‐1.81) compared with BC‐NPM. In a subset analysis of 102 women who had HER2/neu status available, the distribution of biologic subtype was not significantly different between BC‐HL and BC‐NPM (P = .16).ConclusionsBreast cancers in women who previously received radiation therapy for HL are characterized by earlier onset disease, although most remain estrogen receptor‐positive and have early stage disease at presentation.Lay Summary

Women who have had radiation therapy for Hodgkin lymphoma at a young age are at increased risk of developing early onset breast cancer; however, most of these breast cancers are sensitive to hormones (estrogen receptor‐positive) and are diagnosed at early stages.

Because these breast tumors are estrogen receptor‐positive, medications that prevent breast cancer by blocking the effect of or lowering hormone levels (also termed endocrine prevention) may be useful in this group of high‐risk women.