bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Funding health in developing countries: foreign aid, FDI, or personal remittances?
Authors: Abraham Rebecca , Tao Zhi 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThis paper presents three models of funding health care in 130 developing countries, based upon a public system, a private system and personal remittances.Design/methodology/approachThe authors trace the funding of health from foreign aid to health funding and health outcomes in the public system, foreign direct investment to health funding in the private system, and personal remittances to health outcomes. This is followed by panel data, fixed effects models subjected to 2-, 3- and 4-stage least squares regressions.FindingsFindings from the first model were that aid in the form of Technical Cooperation Grants funded Infrastructure. Infrastructure Spending due to aid funds Government Health Plans, which reduced the Incidence of Tuberculosis, which in turn reduced Undernourishment and increases Life Expectancy. Other positive health outcomes included reduced Birth Rate and reduced Maternal Mortality. In the second model, Foreign Direct Investment increased Female Employment and GDP per Person, funding Private Health Plans, which increase Life Expectancy, reduced Undernourishment, increased Skilled Care at Birth, increased the Number of Hospital Beds, reduced Maternal Mortality and increased the Birth Rate. In the third model, Remittances influenced both Out-of-Pocket Medical Expenses and Private Plans.Social implicationsPublicly funded programs may be directed to nutrition, increasing life expectancy. Private funding may be directed to improving maternal conditions, with remittances removing the liquidity constraints.Originality/valueThis paper is the first attempt to trace health funding from its sources of foreign aid, foreign direct investment and personal remittances using three separate paths.
Vision-based target point tracking and aiming method
Authors: Liang Xiao Bo , Qu Xinghua , Zhang YuanJun , Xu Lianyin , Zhang Fumin 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
Laser absolute distance measurement has the characteristics of high precision, wide range and non-contact. In laser ranging system, tracking and aiming measurement point is the precondition of automatic measurement. To solve this problem, this paper aims to propose a novel method.

Design/methodology/approach
For the central point of the hollow angle coupled mirror, this paper proposes a method based on correlation filtering and ellipse fitting. For non-cooperative target points, this paper proposes an extraction method based on correlation filtering and feature matching. Finally, a visual tracking and aiming system was constructed by combining the two-axis turntable, and experiments were carried out.

Findings
The target tracking algorithm has an accuracy of 91.15% and a speed of 19.5 frames per second. The algorithm can adapt to the change of target scale and short-term occlusion. The mean error and standard deviation of the center point extraction of the hollow Angle coupling mirror are 0.20 and 0.09 mm. The mean error and standard deviation of feature points matching for non-cooperative target were 0.06 mm and 0.16 mm. The visual tracking and aiming system can track a target running at a speed of 0.7 m/s, aiming error mean is 1.74 pixels and standard deviation is 0.67 pixel.

Originality/value
The results show that this method can achieve fast and high precision target tracking and aiming and has great application value in laser ranging.
Does the indicator of relative need (IoRN2) tool improve inter-professional conversations?
Authors: Barron Wendy , Gifford Elaine , Knight Peter , Rainey Helen 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThis paper provides an overview of an improvement project that explored whether the implementation of IoRN2, a validated freely available tool designed for any health or social care professional to use, resulted in improved conversations across professions within an integrated rehabilitative reablement service.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative descriptive evaluative approach was applied underpinned by quality improvement Lean and Total Quality Management (TQM) to capture perceptions, variables and IoRN2 value-add. Professionals' (N = 8) across Nursing, Allied Health Professions, Social Work, Quality Improvement and Support Workers participated in one-to-one semi-structured <1 h interviews. Recurring themes and experiences were identified.FindingsIoRN2 improved collaborative conversations. The evaluation of the tool demonstrated greatest impact when all professionals were IoRN2 trained. Participants, regardless of profession, believed that their conversations, professional relationships and outcomes improved when using IoRN2. When differing judgments arose with colleagues who were not IoRN2 trained, fear and tension emerged around trust, cultural manners and power play causing disconnects. Incorporating IoRN2 led to psychologically safe environments where trust, confidence and motivation to explore new creative conversations enhanced strength-based outcomes and helped to generate transformational change.Research limitations/implicationsThe small sample size offered transferable learning worthy of larger future study. The project lead was also the reablement service manager, which may have generated unintended influence.Originality/valueIoRN2 has the potential to improve how HSC professionals converse, acting as a catalytic tool for system-level integration, transformation and sustainable improvement.
Differences between professionals’ views on patient safety culture in long-term and acute care? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Liukka Mari , Hupli Markku , Turunen Hannele 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to assess how patient safety culture and incident reporting differs across different professional groups and between long-term and acute care. The Hospital Survey On Patient Safety Culture (HSPOSC) questionnaire was used to assess patient safety culture. Data from the organizations’ incident reporting system was also used to determine the number of reported patient safety incidents.

Design/methodology/approach
Patient safety culture is part of the organizational culture and is associated for example to rate of pressure ulcers, hospital-acquired infections and falls. Managers in health-care organizations have the important and challenging responsibility of promoting patient safety culture. Managers generally think that patient safety culture is better than it is.

Findings
Based on statistical analysis, acute care professionals’ views were significantly positive in 8 out of 12 composites. Managers assessed patient safety culture at a higher level than other professional groups. There were statistically significant differences (p = 0.021) in frequency of events reported between professional groups and between long-term and acute care (p = 0.050). Staff felt they did not get enough feedback about reported incidents.

Originality/value
The study reveals differences in safety culture between acute care and long-term care settings, and between professionals and managers. The staff felt that they did not get enough feedback about reported incidents. In the future, education should take these factors into consideration.
Socially responsible supply chain initiatives and their outcomes: a taxonomy of manufacturing companies
Authors: Picasso Fernando Gonçalves , Biazzin Cristiane , Paiva Ely Laureano , Beal Partyka Raul 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to propose a taxonomy based on socially responsible practices across supply chains. The authors compare and contrast different socially responsible initiatives in manufacturing supply chains and their effect on economic performance, socially responsible outcomes and manufacturing costs.

Design/methodology/approach
This study is based on survey data collected in 262 manufacturing plants located in 15 countries. Cluster analysis is conducted to develop the research taxonomy. Moreover, socially responsible initiatives were compared on a country level. Finally, multiple regressions were performed to identify associations between performance, manufacturing and socially responsible variables.

Findings
The taxonomy was constructed based on four socially responsible corporate dimensions (legal, ethical, discretionary and economic). The results identified three clusters of manufacturing organizations that adopt different approaches to socially responsible initiatives across supply chains and their performance.

Originality/value
Previous studies explored the elements and the impacts of the go-no-go decisions in the intersection between CSR and the supply chain. The present study brings new insights by analyzing how socially responsible initiatives in supply chains and their performance are different. Moreover, the sample encompasses 15 countries, and it proposes a taxonomy and directions to support the managers’ decision-making process.
A study of elementary teacher’s perspectives on professional development for social studies
Authors: Perrotta Katherine 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to ascertain perspectives from pre-service and in-service elementary teachers about challenges they face when teaching social studies, and how their participation in a content-based professional development opportunity can support their preparedness for social studies instruction. Five speakers who were experts in topics such as Native American history, historical preservation, women's history and the Constitution were featured at this workshop.Design/methodology/approachCase study methodology with both descriptive and explanatory data collection and analysis methods, which were inclusive of surveys and focus group sessions, was implemented. The National Council for the Social Studies (2017) Powerful and Authentic Social Studies framework was applied in order to examine whether elementary in-service and pre-service teachers participation in this content-focused professional development impacted their preparedness to teach social studies.FindingsMajor findings show that content-specific professional development can support pre-service and in-service elementary teachers' preparation to teach social studies through analysis of historical topics and contemporary issues, as well as mitigate challenges with regard to limited time dedicated to social studies instruction.Originality/valueIn light of the Senate's debate on passing the Educating for Democracy Act concerning funding for civics and history education, the originality of this study highlights the continued need for scholarship on how partnerships between colleges of education, school districts and local educational agencies to provide content-focused professional development can support elementary teachers' ambitious social studies instruction, which can foster greater understandings of historical content and civic participation in democratic society.
Does trust in e-government influence the performance of e-government? An integration of information system success model and public value theory
Authors: Abdulkareem Abdulrazaq Kayode , Mohd Ramli Razlini 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
This study aims to examine the usefulness of trust in e-government to influence the use and success of e-government services within the context of the information system (IS) success model and public value theory.

Design/methodology/approach
The study proposed a conceptual model comprising 17 hypotheses tested using structural equation modelling-partial least squares. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire from 369 e-government users from Nigeria.

Findings
The results show that trust in e-government is directly influenced by all information quality, service quality and actual use. Also, trust in e-government predicts the public value of e-government, among other variables. Trust in e-government mediates the relationship between the quality dimensions and the public value of e-government. Also, the quality dimensions predict the actual use and user satisfaction with e-government. The most significant effect was established in the relationship between trust in e-government and the public value of e-government.

Research limitations/implications
This study used a targeted and small sample size compared to the teledensity of Nigeria, limiting analysis that might influence the relevance of the variables’ relationships. Other individual characteristics such as self-efficacy and access to information and communication technologies (ICT) and digital literacy were not included in the study.

Practical implications
It is expected that public service managers and ICT implementers would learn and take advantage of the system’s strengths and limitations and resolve expectations to enhance its value.

Originality/value
This study extended the DeLone and Mclean IS success model to incorporate public values as the net benefits of e-government. The public value of e-government was treated as a second-order construct.
Organizational learning mechanisms for learning schools
Authors: Schechter Chen , Qadach Mowafaq , Da’as Rima’a 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
Organizational learning (OL) has been conceptualized as a critical component in school change processes. Nevertheless, OL in the school context is still somewhat obscure and difficult to comprehend, thus it is rarely translated into operational structures and processes and later permanently sustained. The purpose of this study is to present the organizational learning mechanisms (OLMs) framework as an institutionalized arrangement for collecting, disseminating, analyzing, storing, retrieving and using information that is relevant to the performance of school systems.

Design/methodology/approach
First, the authors examine the previous research on OLMs as a conceptual framework for OL in schools; then the authors present the various validated measures of OLMs in schools; and finally, the authors suggest implications for principals, as well as future explorations of the issue.

Findings
While the literature on OL in schools acknowledges the mystification of the term and the difficulty in translating it into operative procedures in dynamic and complex contexts, OLMs, as an integration of structural and cultural frameworks, are conceptualized as scaffolding for the development of learning schools.

Originality/value
The OLMs’ (structural and cultural) framework of information processing may help schools develop and sustain learning communities aimed at fostering the continuous growth of students and faculty members alike.
Environmental heterogeneity promotes individual specialisation in habitat selection in a widely distributed seabird
Authors: Trevail Alice M. , Green Jonathan A. , Bolton Mark , Daunt Francis , Harris Stephanie M. , Miller Peter I. , Newton Stephen , Owen Ellie , Polton Jeff A. , Robertson Gail , Sharples Jonathan , Patrick Samantha C. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Individual specialisations in behaviour are predicted to arise where divergence benefits fitness. Such specialisations are more likely in heterogeneous environments where there is both greater ecological opportunity and competition‐driven frequency dependent selection.

Such an effect could explain observed differences in rates of individual specialisation in habitat selection, as it offers individuals an opportunity to select for habitat types that maximise resource gain while minimising competition; however, this mechanism has not been tested before.

Here, we use habitat selection functions to quantify individual specialisations while foraging by black‐legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla, a marine top predator, at 15 colonies around the United Kingdom and Ireland, along a gradient of environmental heterogeneity.

We find support for the hypothesis that individual specialisations in habitat selection while foraging are more prevalent in heterogeneous environments. This trend was significant across multiple dynamic habitat variables that change over short time‐scales and did not arise through site fidelity, which highlights the importance of environmental processes in facilitating behavioural adaptation by predators.

Individual differences may drive evolutionary processes, and therefore these results suggest that there is broad scope for the degree of environmental heterogeneity to determine current and future population, species and community dynamics.
Secretome analysis reveals a role of subinhibitory concentrations of polymyxin B in the survival of Vibrio cholerae mediated by the type VI secretion system
Authors: Mathieu‐Denoncourt Annabelle , Duperthuy Marylise 
Published: September 2021

SummaryAntimicrobials are commonly used in prevention of infections including in aquaculture, agriculture and medicine. Subinhibitory concentrations of antimicrobial peptides can modulate resistance, virulence and persistence effectors in Gram‐negative pathogens. In this study, we investigated the effect of subinhibitory concentrations of polymyxin B (PmB) on the secretome of Vibrio cholerae, a natural inhabitant of aquatic environments and the pathogen responsible for the cholera disease. Our proteomic approach revealed that the abundance of many extracellular proteins is affected by PmB and some of them are detected only either in the presence or in the absence of PmB. The type VI secretion system (T6SS) secreted hemolysin‐coregulated protein (Hcp) displayed an increased abundance in the presence of PmB. Hcp is also more abundant in the bacterial cells in the presence of PmB and hcp expression is upregulated upon PmB supplementation. No effect of the T6SS on antimicrobial resistance was observed. Conversely, PmB increases the T6SS‐dependent cytotoxicity of V. cholerae towards the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum and its ability to compete with Escherichia coli.
Peer support work for people experiencing mental distress attending the emergency department: Exploring the potential
Authors: Brasier Catherine , Roennfeldt Helena , Hamilton Bridget , Martel Andrew , Hill Nicole , Stratford Anthony , Buchanan‐Hagen Sally , Byrne Louise , Castle David , Cocks Nadine , Davidson Larry , Brophy Lisa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study explored the benefits and limitations of employing peer support workers, who utilise their own lived experience of mental distress and recovery, to support people experiencing mental distress who are attending the ED.MethodsThis co‐produced qualitative study utilised four phases: (i) assemble a collaborative multi‐disciplinary research team and Expert Panel, of which at least half identified as having lived experience; (ii) a site visit to an ED; (iii) focus groups with consumers, support persons and ED staff; and (iv) a learning workshop for peer workers.ResultsFocus groups were run for consumers (n = 7), support persons (n = 5) and ED staff (n = 7). Eleven consumer peer workers participated in the learning workshop. Four themes were identified and triangulated: the individual in distress, peer support work, a ‘Peers in EDs’ service and the ED context. Overall, findings suggest that peer support workers contribute important skills including listening, de‐escalation, relationship‐building and empathy.ConclusionsThis study identified that peer support workers would bring important skills to an ED (e.g. empathetic support, de‐escalation). However, significant workforce and organisational support would be required.
High SHP2 expression determines the efficacy of PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors in advanced KRAS mutant non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Feng Hui‐Bo , Chen Yu , Xie Zhi , Jiang Jie , Zhong Yu‐Min , Guo Wei‐Bang , Yan Wen‐Qing , Lv Zhi‐Yi , Lu Dan‐Xia , Liang Hong‐Ling , Xu Fang‐Ping , Yang Jin‐Ji , Yang Xue‐Ning , Zhou Qing , Zhang Dong‐Kun , Zhang Zhou , Chuai Shao‐Kun , Zhang Heng‐Hui , Wu Yi‐Long , Zhang Xu‐Chao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundSrc homology region 2 domain‐containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2) is a novel target for Kirsten rat sarcoma oncogene (KRAS) mutant cancer. We retrospectively studied the significance of SHP2 in KRAS mutant non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with immunotherapy and its relationship with tumor microenvironment (TME).MethodsSixty‐one advanced KRAS mutant NSCLC patients who underwent immunotherapy were enrolled. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) was used to profile mutation status. The expression of SHP2, phospho‐SHP2 (pSHP2), and programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Quantitative multiplexed immunofluorescence cytochemistry (mIFC) analysis was conducted to describe the TME.ResultsSHP2 was heterogeneously expressed in 32 samples in both tumor cells and immune cells and highly expressed (H‐score >10) in 25 (78.1%) samples. The expression levels of SHP2 and pSHP2 were positively correlated. Stromal SHP2 (s‐SHP2) was higher in tumors with PD‐L1 ≥50% versus PD‐L1 <50% (p = 0.039). By quantitative mIFC analysis, the expression of s‐SHP2 had positive correlation with CD8, CD4, CD68, and PD‐L1 levels in stromal area. Patients with high SHP2 expression made up 100.0% of the partial respond (PR) and 80.0% of the stable disease (SD), whereas 50.0% of the progress disease (PD). High SHP2 expression was associated with longer progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) (p < 0.001, p = 0.013). Patients with high expression of both SHP2 and PD‐L1 had longer PFS (p < 0.001).ConclusionHigh SHP2 expression could predict the efficacy of immunotherapy and better survival in advanced KRAS mutant NSCLC. SHP2 may function in both tumor cells and immune cells, warranting further study on the potential diverse effects of SHP2 inhibition in TME.
The management of HER2‐positive early breast cancer: Current and future therapies
Authors: Chen Julia , Colosimo Maree , Lim Elgene 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAdvances in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐directed therapies have revolutionised the care of patients with HER2‐positive breast cancer. While adjuvant trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy has dramatically improved the prognosis for patients with early‐stage disease, up to a quarter of patients will develop recurrent disease. The standard‐of‐care treatment paradigm has evolved with the introduction of newer HER2‐directed therapies and increasing use of neoadjuvant systemic therapy, the latter providing us with important functional data to HER2‐directed therapies and impacting subsequent adjuvant therapy decisions. However, these new strategies come at a cost of increased toxicity and economic burden, and only a subset of patients benefit from such approaches. Thus, ongoing work is required to identify predictive biomarkers of response, to de‐escalate treatment in patients who may do just as well with less therapy, and new therapeutic approaches for patients who do not respond to currently used therapies. In this review, we will examine the current therapeutic landscape, summarise the latest evidence, and list the current treatment algorithms for early stage HER2‐positive breast cancer.