bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Progress in Metal-Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Ratovelomanana-Vidal Virginie , Matton Pascal , Huvelle Steve , Haddad Mansour , Phansavath Phannarath 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMetal-catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition is a powerful tool that allows rapid construction of functionalized 6-membered carbo- and heterocycles in a single step through an atom-economical process with high functional group tolerance. The reaction is usually regio- and chemoselective although selectivity issues can still be challenging for intermolecular reactions involving the cross-[2+2+2] cycloaddition of two or three different alkynes and various strategies have been developed to attain high selectivities. Furthermore, enantioselective [2+2+2] cycloaddition is an efficient means to create central, axial, and planar chirality and a variety of chiral organometallic complexes can be used for asymmetric transition-metal-catalyzed inter- and intramolecular reactions. This review summarizes the recent advances in the field of [2+2+2] cycloaddition.1	Introduction2	Formation of Carbocycles2.1	Intermolecular Reactions2.1.1	Cyclotrimerization of Alkynes2.1.2	[2+2+2] Cycloaddition of Two Different Alkynes2.1.3	[2+2+2] Cycloaddition of Alkynes/Alkenes with Alkenes/Enamides2.2	Partially Intramolecular [2+2+2] Cycloaddition Reactions2.2.1	Rhodium-Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition2.2.2	Molybdenum-Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition2.2.3	Cobalt-Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition2.2.4	Ruthenium-Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition2.2.5	Other Metal-Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition2.3	Totally Intramolecular [2+2+2] Cycloaddition Reactions3	Formation of Heterocycles3.1	Cycloaddition of Alkynes with Nitriles3.2	Cycloaddition of 1,6-Diynes with Cyanamides3.3	Cycloaddition of 1,6-Diynes with Selenocyanates3.4	Cycloaddition of Imines with Allenes or Alkenes3.5	Cycloaddition of (Thio)Cyanates and Isocyanates3.6	Cycloaddition of 1,3,5-Triazines with Allenes3.7	Cycloaddition of Aldehydes with Enynes or Allenes/Alkenes3.8	Totally Intramolecular [2+2+2] Cycloaddition Reactions4	Conclusion
The Use of Surgical Splints in Orthognathic Surgery: A Bibliometric Study
Authors: Carvalho Francisco Samuel Rodrigues , de Oliveira Barbosa Déborah Isis , Torquato Iara Furtado , Britto de Souza André Mattos , Dalcico Roberta , Chaves Filipe Nobre , Costa Fábio Wildson Gurgel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction Orthognathic surgeries require the use of surgical splints (SS) to stabilize the occlusion and the segments fixed with plates and screws. Technological advances in the field of computing and the possibility of generating three-dimensional (3D) images have brought different possibilities for making SS, which has generated greater predictability and customization of surgical plans. The bibliometric study can have a qualitative character through the scope of articles in a certain area of knowledge. It is a selection process that can track a topic or scientific production.
Methods The present study aimed to carry out a bibliometric literature review, in order to assess the evolution of the use of SS and the different planning protocols in orthognathic surgery. The Scopus database was used, with the terms “splint” and “orthognathic surgery.”
Results A total of 331 articles were found. These were exported to Rayyan for application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria and selection of articles. A total of 76 references were selected and exported to the VOSviewer application for the analysis of bibliometric data.
Conclusions Orthognathic surgery was initially not associated with any computerized technological resource; however, it underwent updates between the years 2010 to 2012. These advances allowed surgical planning to become faster, cheaper, and more accurate.
Investigation of mechanical and energy evolution characteristics for sandstone after high temperature damage under cyclic loading
Authors: Li Dejian , Han Chao , Liu Xiaolin , Zhang Jin 
Published: September 2021

During the production of underground engineering, investigating the mechanical behaviors of rock materials after high temperature damage is of great importance for controlling the stability of the underground structure. In this paper, for revealing the deformation and energy evolution laws of rock materials after high temperature damage under cyclic loading, a series of uniaxial compressive and cyclic loading experiments were conducted on sandstone after various high temperature damages, i.e., 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, and 900°C, to study the effect of high temperature on primary wave velocity, microstructure, deformation, strength, energy, etc. It can be observed that the primary wave velocity and microstructure weakened seriously with the development of high temperature damage and the uniaxial compressive strength of samples increases toward the maximum value with a high temperature damage of 300°C and then decreases gradually. The energy proportion index was established to characterize the influence of high temperature damage and cyclic stress levels on energy evolution laws of samples. With an increase in temperature, compared with input energy, elastic strain energy proportion decreases and dissipated energy proportion rises up, which indicate that the property of samples transforms from elasticity to plasticity. Finally, the variation laws between the burst tendency of the sample and high temperature damage were well described by presenting the average elastic energy index, which provides references for studying failure characteristics of rock materials.
A largely invariant marine dissolved organic carbon reservoir across Earth's history
Authors: Fakhraee Mojtaba , Tarhan Lidya G. , Planavsky Noah J. , Reinhard Christopher T. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is the largest pool of reduced carbon in Earth's oceans, and changes in the size of this carbon reservoir can substantially impact atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide levels. It is widely believed that the marine DOC pool was large for most of Earth’s history, buffering the ocean–atmosphere system against oxygenation and allowing for very large perturbations to Earth's carbon cycle. A new mechanistic model of oceanic DOC cycling suggests no substantial change in the size of the marine DOC pool throughout Earth’s history. These results cast new light on the potential role of marine DOC in modulating Earth’s ocean and atmosphere composition and in the evolution of the earliest complex life.
Urbanization extends flight phenology and leads to local adaptation of seasonal plasticity in Lepidoptera
Authors: Merckx Thomas , Nielsen Matthew E. , Heliölä Janne , Kuussaari Mikko , Pettersson Lars B. , Pöyry Juha , Tiainen Juha , Gotthard Karl , Kivelä Sami M. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Cities represent novel environments with altered seasonality; they are warmer, which may accelerate growth, but light pollution can also lengthen days, misleading organisms that use daylength to predict seasonal change. Using long-term observational data, we show that urban populations of a butterfly and a moth have longer flight seasons than neighboring rural populations for six Nordic city regions. Next, using laboratory experiments, we show that the induction of diapause by daylength has evolved in urban populations in the direction predicted by urban warming. We thus show that the altered seasonality of urban environments can lead to corresponding evolutionary changes in the seasonal responses of urban populations, a pattern that may be repeated in other species.
Volcanically driven lacustrine ecosystem changes during the Carnian Pluvial Episode (Late Triassic)
Authors: Lu Jing , Zhang Peixin , Dal Corso Jacopo , Yang Minfang , Wignall Paul B. , Greene Sarah E. , Shao Longyi , Lyu Dan , Hilton Jason 
Published: September 2021

Significance
The Carnian Stage of the Triassic Period marks one of the most significant intervals of the past 250 My. Within the space of ∼2 My, the world’s biota underwent major changes with dinosaurs becoming the notable incumbents. These events coincide with a remarkable interval of intense rainfall known as the Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE). Here, we show, in a detailed record from a lake in North China, that the CPE can actually be resolved into four distinct events, each one driven by a discrete pulse of intense volcanism associated with enormous releases of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. These triggered a major intensification of the hydrological cycle and led to lake eutrophication.
Thermal state quantum key distribution
Authors: Walton A , Ghesquiere A , Brumpton G , Jennings D , Varcoe B 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We analyse a central broadcast continuous variable quantum key distribution protocol in which a beam produced by a thermal source is used to create a secret key between two parties, Alice and Bob. A beam splitter divides the initial beam into a pair of output beams, which are sent to Alice and Bob, with Eve intercepting Bob’s beam. We investigate the protocol in detail, calculating mutual informations through a pair of analytic methods and comparing the results to the outputs of a Monte Carlo simulation of the protocol. In a lossless system, we find that a lower bound on the key rate remains positive in the protocol under a beam splitter attack, provided Bob receives a nonzero proportion of the beam initially sent to him. This suggests that the thermal state protocol could be used experimentally to produce secure keys.
In-situ bandaged Josephson junctions for superconducting quantum processors
Authors: Bilmes Alexander , Händel Alexander K , Volosheniuk Serhii , Ustinov Alexey V , Lisenfeld Jürgen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Shadow evaporation is commonly used to micro-fabricate the key element of superconducting qubits—the Josephson junction. However, in conventional two-angle deposition circuit topology, unwanted stray Josephson junctions are created which contribute to dielectric loss. So far, this could be avoided by shorting the stray junctions with a so-called bandage layer deposited in an additional lithography step, which may further contaminate the chip surface. Here, we present an improved shadow evaporation technique allowing one to fabricate sub-micrometer-sized Josephson junctions together with bandage layers in a single lithography step. We also show that junction aging is significantly reduced when junction electrodes are passivated in an oxygen atmosphere directly after deposition.
Neutrino masses, leptonic flavor mixing, and muon (g−2) in the seesaw model with the

gauge symmetry *
Authors: Zhou Shun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The latest measurements of the anomalous muon magnetic moment

show a

discrepancy between the theoretical prediction of the Standard Model and the experimental observations. To account for such a discrepancy, we consider a possible extension of the type-(I+II) seesaw model for neutrino mass generation with a gauged

symmetry. By explicitly constructing an economical model with only one extra scalar singlet, we demonstrate that the gauge symmetry

and its spontaneous breaking are crucial not only for explaining the muon

result but also for generating the neutrino masses and leptonic flavor mixing. Various phenomenological implications and experimental constraints on the model parameters are also discussed.
A preliminary study of bioplastic composites based on carbon materials from paper waste and corn waste
Authors: Johannes A Z , Pingak R K , Sutaji H I , Bukit M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Waste materials continue to increase and have become a major problem in many countries. In this work,waste was recycled to form bioplastic composites. The study focused on the bioplastic (starch-cellulose acetate)-carbon material composites. The Graphene Oxide (GO) and Carbon-dots (CD) were chosen as filler materials. The physical properties of these bioplastics were investigated using tensile test, water uptake test and biodegradation test. Results showed that the addition of GO and CD reduced the tensile strength and elongation. It was also found that the water uptake decreased while the biodegradation rate increased with GO or CD addition. The interaction between the bioplastic starch-cellulose acetate matrix and the carbon materials as fillers can change the mechanical properties of the bioplastics. The carbon materials fill in the pores in bioplastics and make the bioplastic more waterproof and their hydrophilic properties attract water faster and help the activation of microbial activity during the biodegradation.
Identification of subsurface soil layers in Sutami Dam area and its surroundings using magnetic methods
Authors: Sutasoma M , Susilo A , Sunaryo S , Suryo E A , Cahyo R H D 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The research was conducted to determine the subsurface layer type in the Sutami Dam area using magnetic methods. This study aims to determine the subsurface soil type in the area around the Sutami Dam. The instrument used in data collection was the Proton Precession Magnetometer (PPM) Scientrex Model G-8. The data collection area covers the Kromengan region (112.494°E; 8.129°S) to the Sukorame area (112.358°E; -8.213°S). The area covers the Sutami Dam area. The research area is 15 km x 15 km or with an area of 225 KM with a space between points 300 m. From the data acquisition, it was found that the number of data collection points was 1372 points. The types of subsurface layers based on the 2,5 D Talwani modeling are soil, pumice, limestone, sandy tuff, sandstone, andesite, and lava.
Poisson regression application for sosiodemography Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI)
Authors: Hamarandji I O , Atti A , Kleden M A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is an infectious disease caused by bacteria or viruses that attack the respiratory organs. The case of ARI in toddlers is called Pneumonia. This research aims to determine regression Poisson and negative binomial regression models and significant factors affecting ARI in toddlers in East Nusa Tenggara province based on sociodemography aspects. The method used is the Poisson regression model and the negative binomial regression model. Poisson regression is used to form ARI case models in toddlers in East Nusa Tenggara province based on sociodemography aspects and negative binomial regression to overcome the overdispersion case in Poisson regression. The results showed that the Poisson regression model over dispersed, so the Poisson regression model was not suitable to be used suitable model for ARI cases in toddlers in East Nusa Tenggara based on sociodemography aspects is negative binomial regression models. The result of the data processing obtained a negative binomial regression model: μ
i
= exp(3.5260 + 0.021x
2). The result of this study indicates that a significant sociodemographic aspect affecting ARI cases in toddlers at NTT is poverty (X2).
The application of finite difference method on 2-D heat conductivity problem
Authors: Wole A , Lobo M , Ginting K Br. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The finite difference method is one of the numerical methods that is often used to solve partial differential equations arose in the real world physical problems. The method is approximated by Taylor series. The study considers the FDM method to calculate the heat diffusion in any point in a rectangular domain. The results show that, it has a good level of accuracy with various values of error.
Effect of distance relay settings on interference zone reading on 70 kV transmission lines Bolok - Maulafa using Digsilnet 15.1.7
Authors: Sampeallo A S , Nursalim  , Mandala J F , Sagho M A S 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Distance relay is the main protection relay on the 70 kV Bolok - Maulafa transmission line. Distance Relay works by comparing the impedance on the line when in normal or abnormal conditions with the impedance attached to the relay. If the relay detects an abnormal condition in the line, namely when there is a short circuit or other disturbance, the relay will work according to the settings. The relay setting itself is divided into several areas of the relay work zone to work selectively in reading the disturbances that occur. This study aims to see how distance relay adjustment (Impedance Adjustment) affects the reading of the fault zone when there is a short circuit fault on the line. The Bolok - Maulafa 70 kV transmission line is divided into two protection zones. By using DigSILENT 15.1.7, the impedance is obtained according to the type of conductor used. By using the setup guidelines found on Doc: PDM / SGI15: 2014, the new tuning value for the distance relay on the 70 kV Bolok - Maulafa transmission line is obtained as follows: the new adjustment value for zone 1 and zone 2 carrying bay Bolok - Maulafa amounting to 4,698˂70.18⁰ sec. Ohm and 13,658˂70.18⁰ sec. Ohm. As for the delivery of Maulafa - Bolok, it was 4,264 ˂70.18 ⁰ sec. Ohm and 6,076˂70.18⁰ sec. Ohm. This new adjustment is compared with the adjustment of PT PLN in reading the fault zone by the characteristic curve of each relay using DigSilent 15.1.7. There is a 3-phase short circuit at the 10% point in the direction of Bolok to Maulafa relay with PT. PLN at Bolok Substation and Maulafa Main Substation reads disturbances in zone 1. While the relay with new settings at the Bolok substation reads disturbances in zone 1, and the relay at Maulafa Substation reads disturbances in zone 2.
Analysis of the performance of air blast freezer by using hydrofluorocarbon and hydrocarbon refrigerants
Authors: Dwinanto M M , Limbong I S , Adoe D G H 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The air blast freezer has been used as a freezing method in the fish processing units before being frozen for a long time in cold storage. For this reason, the use of hydrocarbon refrigerants that are more environmental friendly has become a demand and a central issue in the future. This paper presents a performance analysis of using R290 and R600a as a drop-in replacement to R404A and R507A. The system performance analysis is based on the evaporation temperature variation using CYCLE_D-HX software with the condensation temperature maintained constant. The important quantities analyzed are mass flow rate, pressure ratio, temperature discharge, heat released, power consumption, coefficient of performance and refrigeration efficiency. The results show that at minimum evaporation temperature, system performance using R290 and R600a is on average ±14% higher compared to R404A and R507A. R290 has characteristics that are closer to R404A and R507A so it is more suitable to replace the two refrigerants compared to R600a. However, this is a performance analysis that can lead to higher performance than normal conditions.
The landfall probability of highwall slope’s geometry in PT. Mahakam Prima Akbar Sejati, East Borneo Province
Authors: Sundari W 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
PT. Mahakam Prima Akbar Sejati is a coal mining company that uses the open pit mining method which in its implementation will make slopes with certain geometries. This research was conducted in PIT ‘N’ section A-A ‘Highwall MPASGT-01 and section B-B’ Highwall MPAS GT-02, aimed to determine the value of safety factors that are safe and in accordance with the minimum safety factor values set by the company, namely ≥ 1.3. The safety factor value is determined by the Bishop method for overall slope, from the geometry of section A-A ‘Highwall 01, an individual slope angle (α) of 65 °, bench width of 5 meters, height (h) of 10 meters, with a total of nine individual slopes formed slope, will produce an overall slope (Overall Slope) with 48 ° slope angle dimensions, 90 meters high, and has a safety factor value of 1.46 with a cumulative collapse of 13.48%. For the B-B ‘Highwall MPAS GT-02 section, an individual slope angle (α) of 65 °, bench width of 5 meters, height (h) of 10 meters, with the number of individual slopes formed by eight slopes will produce an overall slope (Overall Slope) with a slope angle dimension of 48 °, a height of 80 meters, and has a safety factor value of 1.52 with a cumulative collapse of 8.90%.
Ballot character recognition based on image processing
Authors: Zhao Yu-qing , Yan Xiao-bo , Wang Lin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
According to the relevant provisions of the "Election Law of the People's Republic of China", the engineering software required for the implementation of large-scale conference elections can set voting regulations for "differential elections", "equal elections", and "alternative elections". This paper proposes an automatic ballot recognition system based on image processing, which is suitable for all levels of people’s congresses, party and government meetings or other meetings. It has complete functions and stable recognition. It can automatically count and summarize the voting results and display the voting results on the big screen. Show on the display system. Firstly, the paper ballot is scanned by a scanner to obtain the image of the ballot. Secondly, the system will preprocess the image of the ballot and segment the image into regions.Thirdly, according to the handwritten character recognition algorithm based on image processing and Shen filter proposed in this paper, the handwritten characters "√" and "×" in the subregion are recognized.The final experimental results show that the recognition accuracy of the system is as high as 99.82%, which has an absolute advantage over the traditional manual voting, and can meet the performance requirements of high efficiency, accuracy, objectivity and security of large-scale conference election.
Multi-Objective Ant Lion Optimizer for Stochastic Robotic Disassembly Line Balancing Problem Subject to Resource Constraints
Authors: Dong ChengShun , Liu Peisheng , Guo Xi Wang , Qi Liang , Qin Shujin , Xu Gongdan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
With the development of manufacturing and society, a large amount of end-of-life products are generated but with reuse value. Therefore, it is of great significance to dismantle and reuse them. A robotic linear disassembly line plays an important role and promotes the disassembly efficiency in a disassembly process. In this work, we establish a mathematical model of a linear robotic disassembly line balancing problem, which requires the maximization of profit and minimization of energy consumption. Then, an improved ant lion optimizer is proposed to optimize the objectives of the multi-objective robotic disassembly line balancing problem. The experimental results show that the multi-objective ant lion optimizer has good performance, and the diversity and convergence are better than its peers.
Design and Simulation Analysis of Stone Carving Robot
Authors: Wang Xue , Zhao Min 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The stone carving robot is a fully automatic computer-controlled equipment for carving on natural stone, ceramics, and glass. The space position movement and processing range of the traditional bridge-type stone carving are movement and processing range are restricted. Therefore, this paper is based on SolidWorks software to design the three-dimensional model of the stone carving robot, thereby shortening the design time of the stone carving robot, increasing the diversity of spatial displacement, and Analyze its movement trajectory to realize the intelligence and modernization of stone processing equipment.