bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of continuous carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6 composites by means of self‐resistance electric heating
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Liu Yunhuan , He Qingzhu , Weng Can , Zhai Zhanyu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the conventional process of thermoplastic composites, a heating stage from the external heat source usually consumes a large amount of energy. To solve this problem, self‐resistance electric (SRE) heating of carbon fiber‐reinforcement was introduced to form a continuous carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6 (CF/PA 6) composite based on film stacking technique in this paper. The temperature distribution was first measured to verify the temperature uniformity for SRE heating process. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to assess effects on the chemical properties of carbon fibers from SRE heating and conventional convective heating. To evaluate forming quality by SRE heating, the physical properties, crystallinity, and mechanical properties of CF/PA 6 composites were measured. The results show that the forming time and energy consumption of SRE heating process are significantly reduced compared with that of the traditional heating process because of fast heating/cooling rate. While fast heating/cooling rate of SRE heating process leads to a higher void content, which finally results in a slightly lower flexural strength and impact properties of composite laminates. It is clear that SRE heating technique is one of the energy‐ and cost‐effective ways to fabricate continuous carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites although the forming quality is still improved in future investigation.
Left myocardial performance index in monochorionic diamniotic twin pairs complicated by selective fetal growth restriction with abnormal umbilical artery Doppler
Authors: Ortiz Javier U. , Torres Ximena , Bennasar Mar , Eixarch Elisenda , Gómez Olga , Crovetto Francesca , Lobmaier Silvia M. , Martinez Josep M. , Gratacós Eduard , Crispi Fatima 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate left myocardial performance index (MPI) and its time intervals in monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twin pairs complicated by selective fetal growth restriction (sFGR) with abnormal (persistent ‐type II‐ or intermittent ‐type III‐ absent or reversed end‐diastolic flow) umbilical artery Doppler.MethodsRetrospective study including 16 MCDA twin pairs with sFGR type II, 26 MCDA twin pairs with sFGR type III and 42 gestational age‐matched uncomplicated MCDA twin pairs in a single tertiary center. Left isovolumetric contraction time (ICT), ejection time (ET), and isovolumetric relaxation time (IRT) were measured and MPI calculated by conventional Doppler at diagnosis of sFGR.ResultsIn sFGR type II, the smaller twin had shorter ET and prolonged IRT and MPI, while the larger twin showed prolonged ICT and MPI as compared to uncomplicated MCDA twins. In sFGR type III, the smaller twin had shorter ICT and ET, while the larger twin showed prolonged ICT, IRT, and MPI in comparison to controls.ConclusionA differential pattern of MPI time intervals could be observed in MCDA twins with sFGR type II and III. All twins had echocardiographic signs of pressure/volume overload, except the smaller twin type III with shorter systolic times probably reflecting reduced volume load.
Use of hydrochlorothiazide in Denmark following publication of skin cancer risk findings
Authors: Pottegård Anton , Bech Bodil Hammer , Pedersen Sidsel Arnspang , Christensen Bo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeThe antihypertensive agent hydrochlorothiazide has recently been linked to increased risk of skin cancer. We sought to describe the impact of the dissemination of these findings on the use of hydrochlorothiazide and health care utilization among antihypertensive users in Denmark.MethodsIn this nationwide observational study, we performed descriptive analyses of a cohort comprising all Danish antihypertensive treatment users January 2016 through September 2020 (n = 1 316 476) with special focus on hydrochlorothiazide users (n = 309 743). Data were retrieved from the Danish nationwide health registries, including the Danish National Prescription Registry.ResultsThe use of hydrochlorothiazide dropped by 44% from January 2016 to September 2020, with the proportion of all antihypertensive fills constituted by hydrochlorothiazide dropping from 12.7% to 7.2%. This decline was more pronounced among younger patients and patients with a history of skin cancer. Simultaneously, the monthly rate of new hydrochlorothiazide users in Denmark dropped from ≈2350 throughout 2017 to 652 during 2020. The publication of an increased risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer led to an estimated excess of up to 11 510 physical and 22 870 e‐mail/phone consultations to general practitioners. No evidence for increased risk of adverse outcomes was found.ConclusionsThe publication of increased risk of skin cancer with hydrochlorothiazide use has led to a marked decline in the use of hydrochlorothiazide in Denmark. A temporary increase in rate of GP contacts was also observed. This highlights the potential impact from disseminating research findings to patients and clinicians.
Theoretical study of enantioenriched aminohydroxylation of styrene catalyzed by an engineered hemoprotein
Authors: Huang Hong , Zhao Dong‐Xia , Yang Zhong‐Zhi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTransforming olefins to chiral amino alcohols is a useful approach to synthesize biologically active natural products and numerous drugs. A recent study has demonstrated a promising and synthetic value of an engineered hemoprotein for catalyzing olefins to chiral amino alcohols with 2500 total turnover numbers and 90% ee. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation has been used to systematically investigate the detailed mechanisms of the aforementioned process. One electron transfers from Fe atom to HN–nitrene in the iron–nitrene intermediate formation. Subsequently, styrene aziridination, singlet state is characterized by a nonradical, concerted nonsynchronous mechanism, while a radical and stepwise mechanism for triplet. Through hydrolysis reaction forming amino alcohol enantiomers, radical intermediate in triplet state without ring‐opening process is obviously more feasible than singlet aziridine, where the energy barrier difference between triplet and singlet approaches to 20.00 kcal/mol. Moreover, due to the hydrogen bond effect, the water dimer‐assisted hydrolysis reaction is effective to reduce the energy barrier by about 7.00 kcal/mol compared with one water assisted in triplet; however, the energy barrier difference in singlet is unapparent with only 0.18 kcal/mol accompanied with ring‐opening process. Further, homology modeling shows that the reactivity and enantioselectivity can be attributed to the structure of the enzyme active pocket. This study sheds light on the mechanism of engineered hemoprotein‐mediated amino alcohols synthesis and shows the development of biological catalysts.
Determination of Particle Size, Core and Shell Size Distributions of Core–Shell Particles by Analytical Ultracentrifugation
Authors: Schmidt Thomas , Linders Jürgen , Mayer Christian , Cölfen Helmut 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn core–shell nanoparticle analysis, the determination of size distributions of the different particle parts is often complicated, especially in liquid media. Density matching is introduced as a method for analyzing core–shell nanoparticles using Analytical Ultracentrifugation (AUC), making it possible to obtain the core size distribution in liquid dispersions. For this approach, the density of the dispersion is adjusted to the density of the shell. Oil filled nanocapsules are utilized with component densities of around 1 g mL−1 to demonstrate this technique. The shell size distribution is calculated supposing the particle size distribution as a convolution of the shell‐ and core size distributions. Finally, the distributions of core size, shell thickness, particle size, and particle density and thus particle composition are obtained. To clarify the effect of swelling, AUC measurements are combined with further size characterization methods like Particle Tracking Microscopy and Dynamic Light Scattering.
Noble Metal‐Free Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Enhancement from Bandgap‐Controlled Graphene Quantum Dots
Authors: Chang Yi‐Chen , Chiang Wei‐Hung 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGraphene quantum dot (GQD) represents an emerging noble metal‐free surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)‐active nanomaterials for applications such as optoelectronics, chemical sensing, and biomedical imaging and therapy. However, it lacks a scalable method to synthesize GQD with selective structures and the fundamental understanding of their SERS enhancement through charge transfer between GQD and probe molecules. Here a bottom–up liquid‐phase synthesis of colloidal GQDs with selective bandgaps using atmospheric‐pressure microplasmas is reported. Electron microscopic and optical spectroscopic characterizations suggest that highly crystalline GQDs with nanographene structures can be synthesized with ambient conditions using microplasmas. Moreover, the bandgaps of GQDs are tuned from 2.8 to 3.18 eV by controlling the size of organosulfate micelles. Raman spectroscopic study demonstrates that the as‐synthesized GQDs exhibit a unique quantum dot bandgap‐dependent SERS enhancement property with an improved charge transfer between the GQD and probe molecules. This study provides an insight into the fundamental of semiconductor‐enhanced Raman scattering of GQDs and scalable production of structure‐controlled GQDs using plasma‐activated chemistry.
Differences in clinical and laboratory biomarkers for short and long‐term respiratory outcomes in preterm neonates
Authors: Parad Richard B. , Breeze Janis L. , Terrin Norma , Rogers Lynette K. , Salafia Carolyn M. , Greenough Anne , Davis Jonathan M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary outcome of premature neonates has focused more on short‐term than long‐term respiratory morbidities.ObjectiveDescribe risk factors/biomarkers associated with short‐term (bronchopulmonary dysplasia [BPD]) (supplemental oxygen use at 36 weeks postmenstrual age [PMA]) and longer‐term (chronic respiratory morbidity [CRM]) (respiratory related symptoms, medications, medical/emergency visits, hospitalizations at 6–12 months corrected gestational age [CGA]) respiratory outcomes in a longitudinal cohort.Design/MethodsNeonates born at 24–29‐week gestation were prospectively followed to 6–12‐month CGA. Associations between clinical and laboratory risk factors/biomarkers of BPD and CRM were explored.ResultsOf 86 subjects, 94% survived. Outcomes were available for 89% at 36‐week PMA (BPD present in 42% of infants) and 72% at 6–12‐month CGA (CRM present in 47% of infants). For the 54 infants with known outcomes for both BPD and CRM, diagnoses were discordant in 41%. BPD was associated with lower birthweight and birthweight Z‐score for GA, lower Apgar scores, more surfactant doses, higher SNAPPE‐II scores, highest Day 1 inspired oxygen concentration, Day 7 oxygen use, prolonged ventilatory support, bacteremia, necrotizing enterocolitis, and treated patent ductus arteriosus. CRM was associated with lower Apgar scores, Day 7 oxygen use and higher urine vascular endothelial growth factor. Patterns of plasma and urine lipid oxidation products differed in the two outcomes.ConclusionIn this hypothesis generating and exploratory study, BPD and CRM were associated with different risk factors/biomarker patterns. Concordance between these two outcomes was weak. Strategies for reducing CRM should be studied in cohorts identified by appropriate early risk factors/biomarkers.
Immunotherapy in treatment of metastatic prostate cancer: An approach to circumvent immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment
Authors: Sun Belinda L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractProstate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer‐related death in men in the United States and the fifth worldwide. Most prostate cancer arises as an androgen‐dependent tumor but eventually progresses into castration‐resistance prostate cancer, incurable by the current androgen deprivation therapy and chemotherapy. The development of immunotherapy in cancer treatment has brought an exciting era of antiprostate cancer therapy through antitumor immune responses. Prostate cancer is recognized as a poorly immunogenic tissue with immunological ignorance showing low levels of antigen‐presenting process and cytotoxic T‐cell activation, high levels of immune checkpoint molecules and immunosuppressive cytokines/chemokines, and recruitment of immunosuppressive cells. Immunotherapies for prostate cancer have been developed to activate the innate and adaptive immune responses, such as vaccines and adoptive CAR‐T cells, or to inhibit immunosuppressive molecules, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors or antibodies. The U.S Food and Drug Administration has approved Sipuleucel‐T for the treatment of asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic castrate‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab for the treatment of all solid tumors, including prostate cancer, with impaired mismatch repair genes/microsatellite instability; however, the current clinical outcomes still need to be improved. As various immunosuppressive mechanisms coexist and cross‐interact within the tumor microenvironment, different immunotherapy approaches may have to be combined and selected in a highly personalized way. It is hoped that this rapidly evolving field of immunotherapy will achieve successful treatment for mCRPC and will be applied to a wider range of prostate cancer patients.
Parameter learning of stochastic Boolean networks
Authors: Chen Hongwei , Shen Bo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this article, the parameter learning problem is studied for stochastic Boolean networks (SBNs). Both the measure noise and the system noise are assumed to be white and modeled by sequences of Bernoulli distributed stochastic variables which are mutually independent. An algebraic representation of the SBNs is obtained by taking advantage of vector expression of logic variable and applying the semi‐tensor product technique. Consequently, the parameter learning problem is reformulated as an optimization problem that makes it possible to identify the system matrices of SBNs in an efficient computation way. Subsequently, properties of forward and backward probabilities are investigated, and the EM algorithm is utilized to learn the model parameters from time series data. Finally, a numerical experiment is presented to show the usefulness of the designed parameter learning algorithm.
Phosphine‐Free Ruthenium Complex for Hydrogenation of Carbonyl Compounds: Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Shashikumar K. , Maldode Suraj B. , Sajjanar Sachinkumar , Hegde Shivaprasad N. , Sattineni Suribabu , Avasare Vidya D. , Gadakh Amol V. , Ganesh Sambasivam , Sathiyanarayanan A. M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA new phosphine‐free Ruthenium complex bearing hemilabile thiophene‐based ligand is synthesized for the large‐scale catalytic hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds. The methodology is also applicable for the one‐pot synthesis of various benzhydryl active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).
Lophotrochozoa in the Cambrian evolutionary radiation and the Pelagiella problem
Authors: Landing Ed , Geyer Gerd , Jirkov Igor A. , Schiaparelli Stefano 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTiny snail‐like conchs of Pelagiella Matthew are important in discussions of lophotrochozoan and mollusc origins in the Cambrian evolutionary radiation (CER). The limited morphological features of Pelagiella conchs have led to the ‘Pelagiella problem’: (1) poorly distinguished Pelagiella species; (2) an exceptional genus range across all Cambrian palaeocontinents and climate belts; (3) an unparalleled genus‐lifespan (c. 31 myr) in the early Palaeozoic; and (4) the assumption that all Pelagiella spp. are gastropods, which compromises lophotrochozoan and mollusc phylogenies. The type species P. atlantoides is a gastropod, but we show that so‐called Pelagiella species with sub‐to‐triangular apertures and turbiniform conchs are not referable to the genus. Re‐evaluation of spectacular specimens of Pelagiella exigua Resser & Howell show it to be a polychaete with two apertural paleal chaetae fan arrays. Given that some modern sedentary polychaetes have paleal fan arrays, P. exigua is regarded as a likely member of the Sabellida Levinsen and is assigned to Pseudopelagiella gen. nov. Other Pelagiella spp. and forms with similar conchs are probably polychaetes not relevant to syntheses of early mollusc diversification. Pelagiellidae fam. nov. should be restricted to the late early Cambrian (c. 508 Ma) P. atlantoides. Pseudopelagiella exigua was unattached, probably benthic and lived with the apical conch surface on the sea floor, a mode of life similar to that of another family of the Sabellida, the sessile spirorbids that are cemented to substrate. Among numerous crown groups, the late early Cambrian eve of the CER included the polychaete Pseudopelagiella exigua and gastropod P. atlantoides.
In vivo hepatoprotective effect of Morinda elliptica stem extract against liver fibrosis induced by thioacetamide
Authors: Bradosty Sarwan W. , Hamad Saber W. , Agha Nabaz Fisal Shakir , Shaikh Faiyaz Khudaboddin , Qadir Nanakali Nadir Mustafa , Aziz Peshawa Yunis , Salehen Nur'Ain , Suzergoz Faruk , Abdulla Mahmood Ameen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMorinda elliptica L. (Rubiaceae) is a phytomedicinal herb, used to treat gastrointestinal complications in Peninsular Malaysia. The study evaluates the in vivo hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of M. elliptica stem in thioacetamide (TAA) induced liver fibrosis in male Sprague Drawly rats. Thirty adult rats were divided into five groups of six rats each. Rats of the normal control group received intraperitoneal injections (i. p.) of vehicle 10% Tween‐20, 5 ml/kg, and hepatotoxic group 200 mg/kg TAA three times per week respectively. Three supplementary groups were treated with TAA plus daily oral silymarin (50 mg/kg) or M. elliptica (250 or 500 mg/kg). After 8 weeks of treatment, all rats were sacrificed. Liver fibrosis was assessed by gross macroscopic and microscopic tissue analysis, histopathological, and biochemical analysis. The livers of the TAA treated group showed uniform coarse granules, hepatocytic necrosis with lymphocytes infiltration. Contrary, the livers of M. elliptica treated groups (250 and 500 mg/kg) were much smoother and the cell damage was much lesser. The livers of M. elliptica treated groups rats showed elevated activity of SOD and CAT with a significant decrease in MDA level at p < .0001. The level of liver damage parameters, that is, ALP, ALT, and AST, bilirubin, total protein, and albumin were restored to the normal comparable to silymarin. M. elliptica stem extract significantly promoted normal rat liver architecture with significant perfections in biochemical parameters. The molecular contents of M. elliptica with hepatoprotective influence could be discovered, is the future prospective of this study.
Chronic ∆-9-tetrahydrocannabinol administration delays acquisition of schedule-induced drinking in rats and retains long-lasting effects
Authors: Fuentes-Verdugo Esmeralda , López-Tolsa Gabriela E. , Pellón Ricardo , Miguéns Miguel 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Rationale
Schedule-induced drinking (SID) is a behavioural phenomenon characterized by an excessive and repetitive drinking pattern with a distinctive temporal distribution that has been proposed as a robust and replicable animal model of compulsivity. Despite cannabis currently being the most widely consumed illicit drug, with growing interest in its clinical applications, little is known about the effects of ∆-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on SID.

Objectives
The effects of chronic and acute THC administration on SID acquisition, maintenance and extinction were studied, as were the effects of such administrations on the distinctive temporal distribution pattern of SID.

Methods
THC (5 mg/kg i.p.), or the corresponding vehicle, was administered to adult Wistar rats for 14 days in a row. Subsequently, THC effects on SID acquisition were tested during 21 sessions using a 1-h fixed-time 60-s food delivery schedule. Acute effects of THC were also evaluated after SID development. Finally, two extinction sessions were conducted to assess behavioural persistence.

Results
The results showed that previous chronic THC treatment delayed SID acquisition and altered the distinctive behavioural temporal distribution pattern during sessions. Moreover, acute THC administration after SID development decreased SID performance in animals chronically pre-treated with the drug. No great persistence effects were observed during extinction in animals pre-treated with THC.

Conclusions
These results suggest that chronic THC affects SID development, confirming that it can disrupt learning, possibly causing alterations in time estimation, and also leads to animals being sensitized when they are re-exposed to the drug after long periods without drug exposure.
Causal effect of the tropical Pacific sea surface temperature on the Upper Colorado River Basin spring precipitation
Authors: Zhao Siyu , Zhang Jiaying 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Colorado River is one of the most important rivers in the southwestern U.S., with ~ 90% of the total flow originating from the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB). The UCRB April–July streamflow is well-correlated to the UCRB spring precipitation. It is known that the UCRB precipitation is linked to an El Niño-like sea surface temperature (SST) pattern, but the causal effect of the tropical Pacific SST on the UCRB spring precipitation is still uncertain. Here, we apply a Granger causality approach to understand the causal effect of the tropical Pacific averaged SST in previous three seasons (winter, fall, and summer) on the UCRB averaged precipitation in spring in observations and two climate models. In observations, only the winter SST has Granger causal effect (withp-value ~ 0.05) on spring precipitation, while historical simulations of the two climate models overestimate the causal effect for winter and fall (withp-value < 0.01 and < 0.05, respectively) due to model biases. Moreover, future projections of the two climate models show divergent causal effects, especially for the scenario with high anthropogenic emissions. The divergent projections indicate that (1) there are large uncertainties in model projections of the causal effect of the tropical Pacific SST on UCRB spring precipitation and (2) it is uncertain whether climate models can reliably capture changes in such causality. These uncertainties may result in large uncertainties in seasonal forecasts of the UCRB hydroclimate under global climate change.