bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slicing Wi‐Fi links based on QoE video streaming fairness
Authors: de Oliveira Mauricio , Macedo Daniel F. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryDynamic Adaptive Streaming over HyperText Transfer Protocol (DASH) video streaming is one of the dominant sources of traffic on the Internet, and this traffic is often delivered to users via Wi‐Fi access points. This makes the quality of experience (QoE) of the service susceptible to degradation when the Wi‐Fi link is underperforming, and it can also inflict QoE unfairness, creating situations where users connected to the same Wi‐Fi network feel different levels of QoE. This article presents a system that improves the QoE fairness of DASH video transmission network slicing in the context of Wi‐Fi networks. The proposed system slices the wireless resources unevenly among flows, taking into account the characteristics of the video and the QoE demands for each user. Experimental results show that fairness improves by 56% when compared to an unmanaged network, while the mean QoE is reduced by only 5%.
Sex differences in age‐related bone loss and antemortem tooth loss in East‐Central Arizona (AD 1200–1450)
Authors: Mountain Rebecca V. , Wilson Jordan A. , McPherson Cait B. , Blew Robert M. , Watson James T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPrevious archaeological research on dental health in the New World has documented significant sex differences in antemortem tooth loss (AMTL), with a much higher rate of AMTL in females versus males, particularly during the transition to agriculture. While AMTL can be caused by multiple factors, including periodontal disease, attrition, trauma and cultural influences, sex differences are often attributed to the impact of female reproductive biology on oral health. Clinical research on osteoporosis has documented a significant relationship between AMTL and age‐related bone loss, which disproportionately affects women. However, this relationship has not been systematically investigated in prehistoric populations. This study aims to address this issue by investigating the relationship between sex, AMTL and age‐related bone loss in an archaeological sample from East‐Central Arizona. AMTL, dental caries and radial and femoral cortical and trabecular bone mineral density (BMD) were measured in individuals from Point of Pines Pueblo, Arizona (AD 1200–1450). Our results revealed that while there was no statistically significant difference in AMTL between males and females in this sample, there were notable sex differences in the relationship between AMTL, caries, age and BMD. There was a significant association between caries, age and AMTL in females, but not in males. Conversely, while age had a significant effect on caries in males, there was no corresponding relationship in females. Cortical BMD had a moderate effect on AMTL in females, comparable to the effect of age, although this did not reach statistical significance. There was no significant effect of BMD on AMTL in males. The results suggest that biocultural processes differentially affected oral health in males and females at Point of Pines Pueblo, and that age‐related cortical bone loss potentially impacted AMTL in females in this population, but further research is needed.
Intracranial Foreign Body Granuloma Mimicking Brain Tumor Recurrence: A Case Series
Authors: Winter Sebastian F. , Forst Deborah A. , Oakley Derek H. , Batchelor Tracy T. , Dietrich Jorg 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundIntracranial foreign body granuloma (FBG) is a rare inflammatory reaction to retained foreign material, manifesting acutely or months to years following neurosurgical procedures. Radiographically, FBG can mimic tumor progression, and tissue biopsy may be required to guide management.Materials and MethodsIn this retrospective case series, we present unique clinico-radiographic and histopathological features of six neuro-oncological patients diagnosed with FBG between 2007 and 2019.ResultsAll six patients (4 women and 2 men, aged 29–54 [median, 30.5] years) had undergone surgical resection of a low- (n = 4) or high-grade (n = 2) glioma. FBG manifestation postsurgery ranged from 1 day to 4 years and was predominantly asymptomatic (n = 5/6). Magnetic resonance imaging universally demonstrated one or multiple peripherally enhancing lesion(s) adjacent to the resection cavity. Histopathology in all (n = 4/4) resected specimens demonstrated an inflammatory reaction to foreign material, confirming FBG.ConclusionIntracranial FBG constitutes a rare but challenging treatment-related condition effectively managed by surgery, with important therapeutic implications in neuro-oncology.
Re‐examining the link between collaborative interorganisational relationships and synergistic outcomes in public–private partnerships: Insights from the Punjab Education Foundation's school partnerships
Authors: Irfan Sidra 
Published: March 2021

SummaryPrevious research has argued that public–private partnerships (PPPs) need collaborative interorganisational relationships (IORs) in order to deliver synergistic benefits: combined benefits that are greater than the sum of which each partner could have achieved alone. In contrast, this study of the Punjab Education Foundation's assisted school PPPs has found that despite the absence of many of the indicators of collaboration, the partnerships have delivered some synergistic benefits. This article explores how this has been achieved and highlights the importance of ‘cooperative IORs' in the assisted school partnerships. These findings thus question the necessity for collaboration in PPPs. They also suggest that a binary distinction between contractual and collaborative relationships in PPPs—prominent in the existing PPP literature—needs to be reconsidered. The article does not aim to decisively refute a body of existing research based on case study findings but rather questions some of the conclusions of this body of research, which seem to be worthy of further consideration.
Beyond participation: How to achieve the recognition of local communities’ value‐systems in conservation? Some insights from Mexico
Authors: Guibrunet Louise , Gerritsen Peter Rijnaldus Wilhelmus , Sierra‐Huelsz José Antonio , Flores‐Díaz Adriana Carolina , García‐Frapolli Eduardo , García‐Serrano Eligio , Pascual Unai , Balvanera Patricia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

In this article, we explore why conservation schemes that have positive outcomes through the participation of local communities cannot necessarily be deemed as just. We observe that recognition (understood as inclusion and respect) of local communities’ value‐systems, a key factor towards environmental justice, is not often achieved in conservation governance.

We build our argument on the authors’ extensive research on four Mexican forest areas and contrast our insights with the literature on environmental justice and conservation. All four cases are characterised by positive conservation outcomes as well as the inclusion of local communities in conservation governance, and as such are typically considered best‐practice conservation initiatives in Mexico. Yet, in all cases, our engagement with local community members leads us to believe that their value‐systems fail to be recognised in conservation governance.

Three main factors appear to hinder recognition: (a) the dominant knowledge‐system underpinning conservation action prevails in legal frameworks; (b) financial resources heavily determine power relations in decision‐making, and (c) a lack of sensitiveness to local cultural norms affects local stakeholders’ capacity to communicate with external actors that design and implement conservation action.

We conclude that achieving meaningful recognition of local communities’ value‐systems requires: (a) developing awareness of the structural political and economic factors impacting on decision‐making in conservation, and (b) an epistemological transformation, permeating conservation governance, in which local communities’ value‐systems are considered one of various legitimate knowledge‐systems.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
A common classification framework for histone sequence alterations in tumours: an expert consensus proposal
Authors: Leske Henning , Dalgleish Raymond , Lazar Alexander J , Reifenberger Guido , Cree Ian A 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe description of genetic alterations in tumours is of increasing importance. In human genetics, and in pathology reports, sequence alterations are given using the human genome variation society (HGVS) guidelines for the description of such variants. However, there is less adherence to these guidelines for sequence variations in histone genes. Due to early cleavage of the N‐terminal methionine in most histones, the description of histone sequence alterations follows their own nomenclature and differs from the HGVS‐compliant numbering by omitting this first amino acid. Next generation sequencing reports, however, follow the HGVS guidelines and as a result, an unambiguous description of sequence variants in histones cannot be provided. The coexistence of these two nomenclatures leads to confusions for pathologists, oncologists, and researchers. This review provides an overview of tumour entities with sequence alterations of the H3‐3A gene (HGNC ID = HGNC:4764), highlights the problems associated with the coexistence of these two nomenclatures, and proposes a standard for the reporting of histone sequence variants that allows an unambiguous description of these variants according to HGVS principles. We hope that scientific journals will adopt the new notation, and that both geneticists and pathologists will include it in their reports. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Self‐incompatibility limits sexual reproduction rather than environmental conditions in an invasive water primrose
Authors: Portillo Lemus Luis O. , Bozec Michel , Harang Marilyne , Coudreuse Julie , Haury Jacques , Stoeckel Solenn , Barloy Dominique 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFruit‐set and seed‐set depend on environmental conditions and reproductive systems. They are important components of sexual reproductive success in plants. They also control the ecological success and adaptation of invasive plants within their non‐native ecosystems. We studied which factors bring about fruit‐set and seed‐set in invasive populations of the aquatic plant Ludwigia grandiflora subsp. hexapetala. We analyzed fruit set and seed set in 37 populations growing under variable climatic conditions in Western Europe. Sub‐samples of seven fruitful and fruitless populations were grown in common controlled conditions. We carried out self‐ and cross‐pollinations, and measured the floral morphometry. Environmental conditions did not affect fruit‐set and seed‐set in‐situ and in common controlled environments. Hand‐pollinations showed that individuals from fruitful populations exhibited fruit and seed production whatever the pollen donor, whereas individuals from fruitless populations only did so when pollen came from fruitful populations. Floral morphometry evidenced the existence of two floral morphs that fully overlapped with fruitfulness, and individual incompatibility. Our results rebutted the hypothesis that environmental variations control fruit set and seed set in these invasive populations. We instead showed that fruit set and seed set were controlled by a heteromorphic reproductive system involving a self‐incompatible and inter‐morph compatible morph (long‐styled morph), and a self‐ and inter‐morph compatible reverse morph (short‐styled morph). We collected morphs and fruit set records of this species worldwide and found the same relationship: fruitless populations were all composed only of individuals with long‐styled floral morph. Our study constitutes the first evidence of a heteromorphic self‐incompatible system in Ludwigia genus and Onagraceae family.
Aeroponic systems: A unique tool for estimating plant water relations and NO3 uptake in response to salinity stress
Authors: Tafesse Endale Geta , Aidoo Moses Kwame , Lazarovitch Naftali , Rachmilevitch Shimon 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe study of transpiration, water, and nutrient uptake during abiotic stress in the root zone is hindered because of the hidden nature of the root zone. In this study, a modified aeroponic system was used to evaluate whole plant transpiration, nitrate and water uptake in the growth and development of tomato plants in response to salinity. Tomato seedlings were exposed to three levels of salinity (1.5, 4.5, and 9 dSm−1) and three levels of nitrate (1, 4, and 8 mM NO3) in a separate experiments conducted concurrently. Whole plant transpiration, water and nitrate uptake were estimated. Our study revealed that ~30 to 35 days after treatment (DAT), water uptake rate per plant increased from a common initial rate of about 0.05 to 1.1, 0.6, and 0.4 kg/day at 1.5, 4.5, and 9 dSm−1 respectively. The NO3 uptake rates in tomatoes grown in 1 and 4 mM NO3 were 5.5 and 22% respectively, of the uptake of tomatoes grown in 8 mM NO3. The estimation of nitrate uptake and lower sensitivity to salinity stress in the aeroponic showed the effectiveness and cost efficiency of the system in the cultivation of vegetables during abiotic stresses. The novelty of the system described is the continuous estimation of root and nutrient uptake by the whole plant at any given time.
The imperative of embedding sustainability in business: A model for transformational sustainable development
Authors: Trollman Hana , Colwill James 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSustainable development is the current strategic trajectory with transformative intent for complex global challenges including eradication of poverty, full social inclusion and prevention of ecological collapse. However, discourses related to the private sector emphasise economic and social development over the environmental components of sustainable development. Embedding sustainability is the related management imperative for business, supported by numerous frameworks, yet there is confusion about implementation in both literature and practice. This research addresses these issues with a mixed methods study combining a scoping literature review with a qualitative e‐Delphi study. The main findings are that the economic system constrains the embedding of sustainability in business; and that a paradigm shift towards ecocentric business models lacks support. The results are used to develop a novel model to aid transformational sustainable development that acknowledges the influences of the economic system in business whilst respecting social and ecological embeddedness.
Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansions and the nurse labor market
Authors: DiNardi Michael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractShortages in healthcare labor markets were a major concern voiced by critics of the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). Using a difference‐in‐differences strategy, I find the 2014 ACA Medicaid expansions increased the average workweek by 30 min for registered nurses (RNs) and 50 min for licensed practical nurses (LPNs), driven by an increase in full‐time work. RNs and LPNs were 3 and 5 percentage points more likely to work full‐time, respectively, due to the Medicaid expansions. There is little evidence of increased nurse employment on the extensive margin.
Comparative study on the effect of outrigger on seismic response of tall buildings with braced and Wall Core. II: Determining seismic design parameters
Authors: Samadi Maysam , Jahan Norouz 
Published: March 2021

SummaryIn this paper, the effect of outrigger on key seismic design parameters of tall buildings with braced or shear wall core is studied. Based on the results of modal response spectrum (MRS) and nonlinear time history (NLTH) analyses of 44 models with braced or wall core, discussed in the companion paper and pushover analysis and presented in this part, the effect of outrigger and its placement level on parameters of seismic design including response modification factor R, overstrength factor Ω0, deflection amplification factor Cd, and damping ratio of structures are studied. New local measures for Cd and Ω0 are proposed based on the NLTH results. It is observed that outrigger results in greater increase in strength and stiffness of structures with wall core than buildings with braced core, but decreases the ductility of both systems. The obtained R is less than the values given by the code in most cases. For the main structures without outrigger, using the code prescribed value for Cd underestimates the real displacement of the structures with wall core and overestimates it for those with braced core. Outrigger results in increasing Cd of structures with braced core and reduction of Cd in those with wall core. The considerable variation of two proposed measures for Cd shows the inappropriateness of application of a single value of Cd for all stories. Outrigger increased the damping ratio of buildings with shear wall core considerably.
Table understanding approaches for extracting knowledge from heterogeneous tables
Authors: Bonfitto Sara , Casiraghi Elena , Mesiti Marco 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTable understanding methods extract, transform, and interpret the information contained in tabular data embedded in documents/files of different formats. Such automatic understanding would allow to exploit tabular information with the aim of accurately answering queries, or integrating heterogeneous repositories of information in a common knowledge base, or exchanging information among different sources. The purpose of this survey is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the research efforts so far devoted to the problem of table understanding and to describe systems that support the transformation of heterogeneous tables into meaningful information.This article is categorized under:
Application Areas > Data Mining Software Tools
Technologies > Data Preprocessing
Technologies > Structure Discovery and Clustering
Increasing Inequality and the Changing Spatial Distribution of Income in Tel-Aviv
Authors: Modai-Snir Tal 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDespite its egalitarian past, in recent decades Israel followed the footsteps of the United States in terms of growing inequality levels and reduced welfare arrangements. It is assumed, therefore, to have followed similar trends of increasing residential segregation between income groups. This study focuses on the metropolitan area of Tel-Aviv, Israel’s financial and cultural centre and examines the change in the spatial distribution of income groups between the years 1995–2008. It identifies trends in segregation between top and bottom income earners, as well as those between other income groups, given corresponding trends in income inequality. In addition, it examines spatial patterns of affluence and poverty concentration and assesses the influence of concentrated disadvantage among specific income and religious groups on overall segregation trends.
Making Sense of Segregation in a Well-Connected City: The Case of Berlin
Authors: Blokland Talja , Vief Robert 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis chapter analyses socioeconomic segregation and segregation by migration background for Berlin, Germany. Berlin’s history of division and reunification affected suburbanization patterns and the unequal economic restructuring of the city over time. Within this historical context, we present our empirical results on segregation, and we reflect on the implications of segregation for the daily use of the city. Arguments that segregation affects access to amenities (as in the literature on ‘food deserts’) or reduces access to jobs (as in spatial mismatch theories) are not so useful for Berlin with its strong public transport infrastructure. We find that socioeconomic segregation was moderate and stable for the working-age population between 2007 and 2016, whereas segregation of poor children increased. At the same time, segregation of foreigners and segregation by migration background strongly declined. And yet, even though segregation levels are low and public services are present everywhere, the social use of the city, we argue, may be more segregated than statistical indicators suggest. Drawing on various case studies, we suggest that the use of the overall city reflects segregation patterns of the use of space for other reasons than commonly suggested.
Income Inequality and Segregation in the Paris Metro Area (1990–2015)
Authors: McAvay Haley , Verdugo Gregory 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the last decades, the Paris metro area has experienced important structural changes linked to rising income inequality and a rapidly growing immigrant population. Using census data from 1990, 1999 to 2015, this chapter explores these transformations and how they have shaped trends in residential segregation. We find that the occupational structure of the area shifted upwards in the recent decade with a substantial increase in the share of the top occupational groups. This trend, however, did not primarily concern the immigrant population, which nonetheless experienced a growth in the middle class. These trends were further accompanied by an increase in income inequality driven by rising wages among the top 1% earners. Despite these changes, dissimilarity indexes between socioeconomic groups and between natives and immigrants have remained quite stable over the period. However, interaction indexes suggest that neighbourhoods are becoming more homogenous over time, both in terms of socioeconomic and ethnic diversity. Finally, the findings shed light on the correlation between socioeconomic and immigrant segregation. Socioeconomic disadvantage and the presence of immigrants within neighbourhoods, especially of non-European origin, are tightly correlated, and that correlation became stronger over time.
Income Inequality and Economic Segregation in Los Angeles from 1980 to 2010
Authors: Hipp John R. , Kim Jae Hong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRising income inequality is a critical problem in both the global North and South. In the United States, the Gini coefficient measuring nationwide income inequality rose from 0.403 in 1980 to 0.480 in 2014 (US Census), and residential segregation by income has increasingly occurred in many metropolitan regions and is particularly reflected in the spatial separation of the wealthiest households. This chapter focuses on the change in the level of income inequality in the Los Angeles region since 1980 and how it is related to changes in residential segregation between economic groups over that same time period. We use data from the US Census collected in 1980, 1990, 2000, and 2010. We measure residential segregation between economic groups based on occupational structure, and measure ‘neighbourhoods’ using Census tracts: these are units defined by the US Census and typically average about 4,000 residents. The overall level of inequality in the region is measured at each decade point using the Gini coefficient for household income. Maps demonstrate where different socioeconomic status groups have tended to locate and how economic segregation has changed in Los Angeles over this time period. We also assess the extent to which changes in inequality are related to changes in economic segregation over the last four and a half decades.