bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“The Inner State of the Human Heart During a Righteous and a Sinful Life”: A Manuscript and a Modern Lubok of the Chasovennye Old Believers on the Yenisei
Authors: Быкова Екатерина Васильевна 
Published: September 2021

В статье рассматриваются источники формирования визуального образа в старообрядческой лицевой рукописи матушки Македонии, созданной в 1950-1960-е гг. на Енисее, и современном лубке «Внутреннее состояние сердца человеческого при жизни праведной и греховной», нарисованном в 2011 г. в женских монастырях староверов-часовенных на Дубчесе в Красноярском крае. Сравнение вербального и визуального текстов в книге «Сердце человеческое», изданной большими тиражами в России в XVIII-XX вв., с одноименной лицевой рукописью м. Македонии, найденной в экспедиции в 2019 г., позволило установить прототипы копирования и переработки материалов для создания настенного листа. Впервые в научный оборот вводятся два письменных источника старообрядческой культуры середины ХХ-XXI вв. - лицевая рукопись и настенный лист, свидетельствующие о сохранении книжной и лубочной традиций при кардинальных трансформациях культурного пространства и времени в условиях развития современных технологий. Антропология лубка раскрывается через интерпретацию образа Человека и его «внутреннего состояния сердца», размышления о выборе жизненного пути - праведного и греховного. Компаративный анализ и комментирование картинки позволяют описать мироощущение и восприятие изобразительного источника. В целом традиция переписывания книг и создания народной картинки актуальна в старообрядческих общинах на Енисее, выполняет дидактическую и коммуникативную функции, о чем свидетельствуют рассказы информантов и артефакты, найденные в экспедициях Красноярского края.
This article examines the source of the visual imagery in an Old Believer illuminated manuscript of Mother Macedonia, created in the 1950s-1960s on the Yenisei River, and in the modern lubok “The Inner State of the Human Heart During a Righteous and a Sinful Life,” drawn in 2011 in Chasovennye Old Believer female monasteries on the Dubches River in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Comparison of the illuminated manuscript with the book “The Human Heart,” published in large editions in Russia in the 18th - 20th centuries, reveals the materials used in creating the lubok. These two written sources, the illuminated manuscript and the lubok, that are here introduced to scholarship, testify to the perseverance of the book and lubok traditions despite fundamental changes in culture and technology. The anthropology of the lubok is revealed in the image of the “inner state of the heart,” reflecting a person’s choice of life path, righteous or sinful. Comparative analysis and commentary on the image allow us to better understand the worldview and perception of those who created it. In general, the tradition of copying books and creating popular prints is alive among the Old Believer communities on the Yenisei and performs didactic and communicative functions, as also evidenced by the stories of informants and artifacts found on expeditions in the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
Funeral “Shpruchs” in the Tradition of Russian Germans
Authors: Вайман Дмитрий Игоревич 
Published: September 2021

В статье на основе полевых материалов рассматриваются особенности траурных шпрухов российских немцев. Основными источниками исследования стали материалы, собранные в немецких поселениях Урала и Сибири. Изучению траурных шпрухов предшествует исторический экскурс, раскрывающий некоторые особенности традиции шпрухов - цитат из религиозных текстов, пословиц и назиданий - в культуре российских немцев. Траурные цитаты рассматриваются как часть широкой традиции шпрухов, как культурное явление российских немцев. Траурные шпрухи представлены текстами в письмах, уведомляющих о смерти человека и предстоящих похоронах, текстами на крышке гроба и венках. Для траурных цитат была характерна своя стилистика оформления. Изначально тексты были выполнены на немецком языке готическим шрифтом. В локальных сюжетах тексты сопровождаются изображениями креста, ангелов. В некотором смысле и сам текст можно считать своеобразной формой украшения. К середине второй половины XX в. происходит постепенный отход от традиционной графики и переход в цитировании на русский язык. Большая часть шпрухов связана с религиозной тематикой. Прежде всего, это выдержки или прямые цитаты из Библии, кроме того, пословицы и иные высказывания. Траурные цитаты ориентируются на христианское понимание жизни и смерти. В текстах находят отражение представления, связанные с устоявшимися общественными, этическими нормами.
This article examines the funeral “shpruchs” (Ger. Sprüche, Rus. shprukhi) of the Russian Germans based on field materials collected in the German settlements in the Urals and Siberia. Shpruchs - short quotations from religious texts, proverbs and edificatory material - used in mourning are part of a long tradition among Russian Germans. They appear in letters announcing a person’s death and upcoming funeral and in texts on the coffin lid and wreaths. Funeral shpruchs have their own special design. In some contexts, the texts are accompanied by images of the cross and angels. In a sense, shpruchs themselves can be considered a form of decoration. Initially shpruchs were written in German in Gothic script; by the last quarter of the 20 th century, there was a gradual departure from traditional graphics and a transition to citation in Russian. Most funerary shpruchs are on religious themes. Predominantly, they are excerpts or direct quotations from the Bible, often proverbs. Mourning shpruchs focus on the Christian understanding of life and death and reflect well-established social and ethical norms.
The Eleventh Volume of the Series “Folklore” by the Institute of World Literature: From Tradition to Experiment
Authors: Дранникова Наталья Васильевна 
Published: September 2021

Рецензия на: Фольклор: традиция и эксперимент: Сб. / Сост. В. М. Гацак; Отв. ред. В. Л. Кляус, Е. В. Миненок. - M.: ИМЛИ РАН, 2018. - 563 с. - (Фольклор).
Review of: Folklore: Tradition and Experiment: Col. papers. Comp. by V. M. Gatsak; Ed. by V. L. Klyaus, Ye. V. Minyonok. Moscow: IMLI RAS, 2018. 563 p. (Folklore).
The Folklore Tradition of the Svir River District in a New Edition
Authors: Иванова Татьяна Григорьевна 
Published: September 2021

Рецензия на: Фольклорно-этнографические материалы по Подпорожскому рай- ону Ленинградской области: Из фондов Фольклорно-этнографического центра име- ни А. М. Мехнецова Санкт-Петербургской государственной консерватории имени Н. А. Римского-Корсакова. С аудиоприложением (DVD) / Ред.-сост. Г. В. Лобкова, К. А. Мехнецова. - СПб.: Композитор, 2019. - 560 с.: ноты; [16] ил.
Review of: Folklore and Ethnographic Materials on the Podporozhsky District of the Leningrad Region: From the Funds of the A. M. Mekhnetsov Folklore and Ethnographic Center of the St. Petersburg State Rimsky-Korsakov Conservatory. With an audio application (DVD). Ed. and comp. by G. V. Lobkova, K. A. Mekhnetsova. St. Petersburg: Kompozitor, 2019. 560 p.: notes; [16] ill.
Approach to Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Wunder Meaghan 
Published: September 2021

An approach to managing acute ischemic stroke includes recognition, investigations, treatment, and secondary prevention. Firstly, facial drooping, limb weakness and slurred speech are some common signs that should raise the suspicion for stroke. Upon presentation, investigations, including the national institute of health stroke scale and a CT head, should be done to rule out intracranial hemorrhage and diagnose an ischemic stroke. The treatment principles for an acute ischemic stroke focus on removing or dissolving the occlusion to maintain or reinstate perfusion of the brain. Finally, patients suffering ischemic stroke should be admitted to the acute stroke unit and monitored for complications. Basic medical management of comorbidities should also be considered to prevent subsequent ischemic episodes. This article will explain each of these processes in more detail to help develop a basic approach to the management of an acute ischemic stroke.
Optimization of the Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Reinforced Soft Soils through the Concept of the Critical Length of Stone Columns
Authors: Boumekik Nour El Islam , Labed Mohamed , Mellas Mekki , Mabrouki Abdelhak 
Published: September 2021

The objective of this paper is to develop an analytical equation based on the concept of the critical-length of columns in order to optimize the ultimate bearing-capacity of soft soils, supporting a strip footing and reinforced by a group of floating stone columns. Optimization procedure was performed on three-dimensional numerical models simulated on the Flac3D computer code, for various soft-soils with different undrained-cohesions (Cu=15–35kPa), reinforced by columns of varying lengths (L) and area replacement ratio (As=10-40%), considering different footing widths B. Obtained results indicate that the optimal bearing-capacity ratio (Ultimate bearing-capacity of reinforced soil/unreinforced soil) is reached for the column critical-length ratio (Lc/B) and increase with increase of the later ratio, depending on As and Cu. Analysis of results also showed that the optimal values of the bearing-capacity ratio in the reinforced soils remain bounded between the lower and higher values (1.28-2.32), respectively for minimal and maximal values of the critical-length ratio (1.1) and (4.4). Based on these results, a useful analytical equation is proposed by the authors, for the expression of the critical-length; thus ensuring an optimal pre-dimensioning of the stone columns. The proposed equation was compared with the data available in the literature and showed good agreement. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091737 Full Text: PDF
La sucesión monárquica y el co-reinado entre los incas
Authors: Rostworowski de Diez Canseco María 
Published: September 2021

Al estudiar el reinado de Pachacutec se ha encontrado una costumbre sucesoria original entre los Hanan Cuzcos: la del co-reinado del príncipe heredero con el monarca inca. Los testimonios europeos sobre este asunto, como sobre la concepción sucesoria de los incas en general, están influidos por sus propias concepciones absolutamente diversas. En tanto que en la Europa renacentista las ideas predominantes al respecto eran las de la primogenituras con sus correlativas de mayorazgo, árboles genealógicos y ramas mayores y menores en el imperio incaico lo que importaba erala panaca entendida como una entidad formada por la descendencia del monarca, con exclusión del heredero; que a su vez formaría su propia panaca, y en la cual todos los miembros eran iguales sin distingos de ramas mayores y menores. Conviene analizar ahora el origen de estas costumbres en tres etapas: la de las curacas anteriores a los incas, la de la confederación cuzqueña de la primera época y la imperial que se inicia con Pachacutec.
Luces de Heráclito el oscuro
Authors: Russo Delgado José 
Published: September 2021

Heráclito
Nacido en el siglo IV, muerto en el siglo V antes de J., contemporáneo de Gautama el Buda, es Heráclito. Con derecho como aquél al cargo de rey (verdad que menos importante en la Grecia de entonces, correspondía incluso a unidades inferiores a la u-óAtO. cargo que aparejaba también dignidad sacerdotal, lo renuncia en favor de su hermano. Se retira de la actividad política de su país a la due se refiere con marcado desprecio en algunos pasajes de su obra. Sólo incidentalmente interviene una vez para derrocar a Melanchomas, tirano.
Meningococcal Vaccines of New Generations – the First 20 Years of Use
Authors: Kostyukova N. N. , Bekhalo V. A. 
Published: September 2021

Relevance. Meningococcal vaccine refers to any of the vaccines used to prevent infection by Neisseria meningitidis. Therefore, there is a great scientific and practical interest in the existing and developed menicococcal vaccines.Aims the review is to provide an analysis: literature data on the effectiveness of meningococcal vaccines of new generations - conjugated polysaccharide serogroups A, C, W and Y and protein serogroup B.Conclusions. With regard to conjugated vaccines, there are a large number of reliable observations confirming the high immunological and epidemiological effectiveness of these vaccine preparations, including the prevention of bacterial carriage and the development of herd immunity. These vaccines are weakly reactogenic, and in many countries, they are introduced into national immunization programs and in some countries are used as mandatory (UK) or in connection with the existing epidemic indications. The protein «vesicle» vaccine based on serogroup B meningococcal outer membrane proteins, showed high efficacy only in those cases when the protein composition of the strain that caused the morbidity corresponded to the composition (mainly in terms of the PorA subtype antigen) of the vaccine. Genetic-engineered vaccines containing only a few serogroup B meningococcal protein antigens with or without the addition of «vesicle» proteins are difficult to evaluate due to the small number of observations associated with low serogroup В prevalence, but in Great Britain, such vaccine was also introduced as mandatory in the national immunization schedule for babies. At the same time, new vaccines of serogroup B induce immune protection against some strains of meningococcus of other serogroups C, W, and Y, and even against other species of Neisseria, in particular - gonococcus. This circumstance gives rise to hope for the development of protein meningococcal vaccines with a wider spectrum of specificity than the group, and even than the species.
Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenic Syndrome: Current Epidemiological Situation
Authors: Andaev E. I. , Adelshin R. V. , Balakhonov S. V. 
Published: September 2021

Relevance. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome is a viral disease characterized by acute fever, accompanied by progressive thrombocytopenia, leucopenia. The mortality is up to 30%. The disease was first identified in 2009 in rural areas of central China, Hubei and Henan. The causative agent of the disease is a new Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus (SFTSV). The SFTSV is mainly transmitted through tick bites, especially Haemaphysalis longicornis which is the dominant tick species in East Asia.The aim of the review is to analyze relevant information about Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome, including the molecular genetics features of the pathogen, clinical manifestations, geographical distribution, epidemiological features, as well as the possibility of drift and spread of infection in the Russian Federation.Conclusions. SFTS is a serious health threat as it relates to new and re-emerging infections. The further spread of SFTS in China may complicate the epidemiological situation in the country. SFTSV may have a much wider global distribution in Southeast Asia than is currently known. The risk of H. longicornis ticks spreading is predicted in the north-east United States, New Zealand, parts of Australia and several Pacific islands. The presence of the H. longicornis in the Primorsky Territory on the Far East indicates a possible risk of the natural focus formation in the event of the introduction of the pathogen.
Territorial and Temporary Spread of COVID-19 in the World at the Beginning of the 2020 Pandemic
Authors: Karpova I. S. , Stolyarov K. A. , Popovtseva N. M. , Stolyarova T. P. 
Published: September 2021

Relevance. COVID-19 remains a serious problem for all countries of the world, affecting all areas of public life. The brunt of the problem falls on health care. The new coronavirus infection has raised many questions, in particular regarding its epidemiologyAim. Determine the sequence of the global spread of COVID-19 at the beginning of the 2020 pandemic and the possible influence of seasonality on its distribution.Materials and methods. Data on the countries of the Northern and Southern hemispheres of the sites «Our World in Data» from the section «Coronavirus (COVID-19) Cases». Стопкоронавирус.рф, Johns Hopkins University were used. The analysis of the spread of COVID-19 in the world was carried out based on data on the incidence and deaths from COVID-19 by climatogeographic zones.Results and discussion. The sequence of the spatio-temporal spread of COVID-19 across countries and continents at the beginning of the pandemic in 2020 has been determined. The similarity of the global spread of COVID-19 and "seasonal" influenza A(H3N2) epidemics indicates the spread of these infections along the primary migration routes of the population. The global spread of the COVID-19 pandemic virus, as well as influenza A(H1N1), was sufficient for 1–1.5 months. The COVID-19 pandemic began in the Northern Hemisphere in the spring and summer, but atypical seasonality was often observed at the beginning of influenza pandemics. On the other hand, data on the influence of seasonality on the spread of COVID-19 were obtained: the highest incidence in the Northern Hemisphere countries was in the winter, and in the Southern Hemisphere countries, with reverse seasonality, a high incidence was observed already in the summer months. Therefore, it will be possible to make a final conclusion about the seasonality of this infection in the following years.
Common Features of Coronavirus and Influenza Pandemics and Surface Proteins of their Pathogens. Parallels
Authors: Kharchenko E. P. 
Published: September 2021

Relevance. Coronaviruses and influenza viruses induce pandemics taking away many human lives and seeding social-economic chaos. Possibility to prognose pandemic features on characteristics of surface proteins of their pathogens is not investigated.Aim is to characterize the common features of the pandemic coronavirus S-protein and the pandemic virus influenza hemagglutinin in connection with the features of a coronavirus pandemic and influenza pandemics.Materials and method. For the bioinformatic analysis the protein sequences of pandemic coronavirus strains and pandemic influenza virus strains, influenza virus strains of 2017–2018 season and also influenza virus type B strains were used. In proteins an amino acid content, the sums of the charged amino acids and the.Results. It was found out that the increase of amount of the amino acids forming intrinsically disordered regions in the coronavirus S-protein S1 subunit and influenza virus H1 hemagglutinin HA1 subunit is characteristic of the pandemics with high morbidity and the increase of arginine and lysine with comparison with aspartic and glutamic acids in those proteins is peculiar to viruses inducing the pandemics with lower lethality.Conclusion. The features (morbidity and lethality) of the coronavirus pandemic and influenza virus pandemic are associated with the quantitative amino acids content of pandemic virus surface proteins.
Clinical and Epidemiological Assessment of the Epidemic Process of COVID-19 in Hostels Depending on the Type of their Planning Device
Authors: Zadoroshnyy A. V. , Pshenichnaya N. Yu. , Ugleva S. V. , Erovichenkov A. A. , Akimkin V. G. , Maleev V. V. , Usenko D. V. 
Published: September 2021

Relevance. During the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), the organized collectives of Moscow, living in public housing organizations (dormitories) with different planning arrangements, were one of the most vulnerable groups of the population prone to focal morbidity.The purpose of the study. To conduct a comparative clinical and epidemiological assessment of the epidemic process of COVID-19 in dormitories, depending on the type of their planning device.Materials and methods. In the period from 12.04 to 23.06.2020, a selective longitudinal prospective analytical study of the course of the epidemic process was conducted in the foci of COVID-19, formed dormitories of different types of planning devices with a total number of 3,228 patients. For statistical processing of the results, one-factor analysis of variance and correlation analysis using the Cheddock scale were used. We used the following programs: IBM SPSS Statistics V. 23. 0, Analysis ToolPak Excel.Results and discussion. The planning arrangement of buildings for public accommodation was a fundamental factor influencing the course of the COVID-19 epidemic process in dormitories. The epidemic process in the dormitories of the reported type had an earlier development, the first foci of COVID-19 began to form already on 12.04.2020, which was 7 days ahead of the formation of foci in isolated dormitories. The average growth rate in the dormitories of the reported type was equal to 8.4%, which was 5.3 times higher than the corresponding indicator in the dormitories of the isolated type. The infection rate (Rt), indicating the intensity of the spread of the infectious process, was 1.5 times higher in the dormitories of the reported type. In the studied period of time from 12.04.2020 to 23.06.2020, the number of infected COVID-19 in the dormitories of the isolated type was significantly less than in the dormitories of the reported type: there were 4 cases of infection per 100 guests of the dormitories of the isolated type, while in the reported dormitories there were 10 cases of COVID-19 per 100 residents. The contagiousness of the virus in combination with a long course of focal morbidity led to the development of severe forms of COVID-19. The coefficient of occurrence of severe forms of COVID-19 on average in isolated dormitories was equal to 1.1%, while in dormitories of the reported type, the studied coefficient was 11 times higher and averaged 11.6%.Conclusion. The type of planning arrangement of collective living organizations was a fundamental factor influencing the course of the COVID-19 epidemic process in hostels. The complex of necessary anti-epidemic measures aimed at localizing and eliminating the outbreak of COVID-19 directly depended on this factor.
The Emergence of a Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Non-Groupable Neisseria meningitidis Strain of the Clonal Complex ST-175 in the Russian Federation
Authors: Koroleva M. A. , Gritsay M. I. , Mironov K. O. , Mikhailova Y. V. , Shelenkov A. A. , Koroleva I. S. 
Published: September 2021

Relevance. Unencapsulated strains of meningococcus (NmNG) very rarely cause invasive meningococcal disease. A new ciprofloxacin-resistant strain NmNG ST-175 cc175, which has recently caused several cases of invasive meningococcal infection in Europe, has been discovered in the Russian Federation.Aim. To compare the new Russian strains of NmNG ST-175 with the already characterized NmNG ST-175 and to analyze the genetic markers associated with antibiotic resistance.Materials and methods. The nucleotide sequences of NmNG ST-175 strains of more than 2 million base pairs were exported from the PubMLST database. Comparison was carried out for 1605 core genome loci using the N. meningitidis cgMLST v1.0 ". Genetic relationships of 127 NmNG ST-175 strains, including 8 Russian carrier strains, were visualized using the SplitsTree software (version 4.16.2).Results. Of the eight Russian strains, six found themselves in a cluster with German and Swedish isolates that caused invasive meningococcal infection. Two more Russian strains were closest to the isolates of the cluster, including carrier isolates from England. Seven strains showed resistance to ciprofloxacin and possessed the gyrA-187 and gyrA-152 alleles, which, based on the phylogenetic analysis of the alleles, belonged to the genetic branches of Neisseria cinerea and Nm.Conclusion. Protein vaccines alone could potentially provide protection against ST-175 NmNG. It seems promising to study the antigenic characteristics of Russian Nm strains, including NmNG ST-175, to assess the potential vaccination coverage with existing protein vaccines, the possibility of their registration on the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as the development of domestic vaccines.