bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of fractionation methods for soil phosphorus with soils subjected to various long-term fertilization regimes on a calcareous soil
Authors: Jin Xin , Hu Changlu , Khan Asif , Zhang Shulan , Yang Xueyun , Jia Lijie , Sun Ruipu 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundDiverse phosphorus (P) fractionation procedures presented varying soil P fractions, which directly affected P contents and forms, and their biological availability.PurposeTo facilitate the selection of phosphorus (P) fractionation techniques, we compared two procedures based on a long-term experiment on a calcareous soil.MethodsThe soils containing a gradient P levels were sampled from seven treatments predictor under various long-term fertilizations. The P fractions were then separated independently with both fractionation procedures modified by Tiessen-Moir and Jiang-Gu.ResultsThe results showed that the labile P in Jiang-Gu is significantly lower than that in Tiessen-Moir. The iron and aluminium-bounded P were greater in Jiang-Gu by a maximum of 46 mg kg−1than Tiessen-Moir. Jiang-Gu fractionation gave similar Ca bounded P to that Tiessen-Moir did at low P level but greater contents at high P level. The two methods extracted much comparable total inorganic P. However, Tiessen-Moir method accounted less total organic P than ignition or Jiang-Gu method (the organic P (Po) estimated by subtract the total inorganic P (Pi) in Jiang-Gu fractionation from the total). P uptake by winter wheat was significantly and positively correlated with all phosphorus fractions in Jiang-Gu; Resin-P, NaHCO3-Pi, D. HCl-P, C. HCl-Pi, NaOH-Po, total-Po in Tiessen-Moir; P fraction categories of Ca-P, Fe & Al-P and total-Pi in both fractionations. Path coefficients indicated that Ca2-P in Jiang-Gu, NaHCO3-Pi and D. HCl-P in Tiessen-Moir had the higher and more significant direct contributions to P uptake among P fractions measured.ConclusionsOur results suggested that Jiang-Gu procedure is a better predictor in soil P fractionation in calcareous soils, although it gives no results on organic P fractions.
Dysbiosis of gut microbiota after cholecystectomy is associated with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice
Authors: Wang Qihan , Lu Qifan , Shao Wentao , Jiang Zhaoyan , Hu Hai 
Published: June 2021

Increasing evidence suggests that cholecystectomy is an independent risk factor for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the underlying mechanisms that lead to hepatic lipid deposition after cholecystectomy are unclear. In this study, adult male C57BL/6J mice that underwent a cholecystectomy or sham operation were fed either a high‐fat diet (HFD) or a chow diet for 56 days. Significantly increased steatohepatitis, liver/body weight ratio, hepatic triglycerides, and glucose intolerance were observed in postcholecystectomy mice fed the HFD. Notable alterations in the composition of gut microbiota after cholecystectomy were observed in both HFD‐ and chow‐diet‐fed mice. Our results indicate that cholecystectomy alters the gut microbiota profile, which might contribute to the development of NAFLD in mice.
Ectogenesis for Space Exploration
Authors: Kendal Evie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEctogenesis (artificial womb technology) could yield many benefits on Earth and provide a safe and sustainable way to populate an off‐world human colony. Gestating foetuses in a protected and controlled environment could help prevent damage caused by radiation exposure, nutritional deficits or the impact of microgravity during pregnancy. This method of reproduction would also reduce the risks and burdens to female settlers and avoid losing members of the early settlement workforce to maternal morbidity and mortality. Realising the potential of ectogenesis to improve sexual equality in reproductive endeavours on Earth and promote the creation of new human settlements in space, will require substantial legal, political and scientific support. It will also require the development of ethical standards for the development, testing and distribution of this new reproductive biotechnology.Key ConceptsHuman settlements in space will need a safe way to reproduce the next generation of settlers.Ectogenesis (artificial womb technology) could yield many benefits on Earth and in off‐world human colonies.Removing the risks and burdens of pregnancy and childbirth could make a fundamental contribution to achieving sexual equality in human reproduction.Ectogenesis services will need to be distributed equitably to avoiding exacerbating social inequality in reproduction.There are a number of ethical and legal barriers to developing ectogenesis that will need to be addressed before the technology can achieve its potential.
Streptococcus dysgalactiae: A Pathogen of Feral Populations of Silver Carp from a Fish Kill Event
Authors: Hawke John P. , Daniel Ryan , Strother Keith , Sokolova Yuliya , Elliott Jacqueline , Carossino Mariano , Langohr Ingeborg , Del Piero Fabio , López-Porras Adrián , Heckman Taylor I. , Soto Esteban , Griffin Matt J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In August 2018, a series of large fish kills involving only Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix occurred on the Mississippi River in northern Louisiana. Clinical signs observed in moribund animals included erratic swimming behavior, such as spiraling and spinning at the surface. A moribund specimen was captured by dip net near the surface at Lake Providence Landing in East Carroll Parish, northern Louisiana, and was submitted for analysis. An aseptic necropsy was performed, and diagnostic procedures, including bacteriology, parasitology, histopathology, virology, and electron microscopy, revealed that a gram-positive coccus was the primary pathogen. Pure cultures of the organism were obtained from the brain, and it was the predominant colony type isolated from the spleen, kidney, and liver. Bacterial sepsis caused by the gram-positive coccus and involving multiple organ systems was diagnosed histologically. Bacterial colonization and necrotic lesions were seen in the spleen, liver, kidney, heart, eye, and brain. Numerous cocci were observed dividing intracellularly in phagocytic cells of the kidney and brain by transmission electron microscopy. The organism was identified as Streptococcus dysgalactiae ssp. dysgalactiae by conventional biochemical methods and subsequently by the API 20 Strep system. The identity of the pathogen was later confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Multilocus sequence analysis clustered this isolate along with two other S. dysgalactiae isolates from fish in a divergent phyletic group that was separate from other S. dysgalactiae ssp. dysgalactiae isolates from terrestrial animals, implying a possible novel clade that is pathogenic for fish.
On reachable set estimation of nonlinear singular systems with distributed delay
Authors: Zhang Liang , Feng Zhiguang , Wang Ye , Wang Shuqiang 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThe estimation of the reachable set for singular systems with distributed delay and nonlinear term under zero initial condition is studied in this article. Based on the Lyapunov functional with triple integrals, a sufficient condition for bounding the reachable set is established by combining the free‐weighting matrix method, the integral mean value theorem, and the new inequality scaling method. Then the reachable set of nonlinear singular system is bounded by the prescribed ellipsoids. Finally, two numerical examples and a practical example verify the validity of the theoretical analysis.
Autonomously Adhesive, Stretchable, and Transparent Solid‐State Polyionic Triboelectric Patch for Wearable Power Source and Tactile Sensor
Authors: Bai Zhiqing , Xu Yunlong , Lee Chengkuo , Guo Jiansheng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRobust power supplies and self‐powered sensors that are extensible, autonomously adhesive, and transparent are highly desirable for next‐generation electronic/energy/robotic applications. In the work, a solid‐state triboelectric patch integrated with the above features (≈318% elongation, >85% average transmission, ≈44.3 N m−1 adhesive strength) is developed using polyethylene oxide/waterborne polyurethane/phytic acid composite (abbreviated as PWP composite) as an effective current collector and silicone rubber as tribolayer. The PWP composite is optimized systematically and corresponding single‐electrode device can supply a power density of 2.3 W m−2 at 75% strain. The triboelectric patch is capable of charging capacitors and powering electronics by efficiently harvesting biomechanical energies. Moreover, it can be autonomously attached to nonplanar skin or apparel substrates and used as a tactile sensor or an epidermal input touchpad for physiological motion detection and remote control of appliances, respectively. Even after dynamic deformation, tailoring, and prolonged use, the patch can maintain good stability and reliability of electrical outputs. This work provides a novel solid‐state and liquid‐free polyionic electrode‐based triboelectric nanogenerator integrated with adhesiveness, stretchability, and transparency, which can meet wide application needs from transparent electronics, artificial skins, to smart interfaces.
BNT162b2 COVID‐19 vaccine is significantly less effective in patients with hematologic malignancies
Authors: Herzog Tzarfati Katrin , Gutwein Odit , Apel Arie , Rahimi‐Levene Naomi , Sadovnik Maya , Harel Lotem , Benveniste‐Levkovitz Patricia , Bar Chaim Adina , Koren‐Michowitz Maya 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPatients with hematologic malignancies have an increased risk of severe COVID‐19 infection. Vaccination against COVID‐19 is especially important in these patients, but whether they develop an immune response following vaccination is unknown. We studied serologic responses to the BNT162b2 vaccine in this population. A lower proportion of patients were seropositive following vaccination (75%) than in a comparison group (99%; p < 0.001), and median (interquartile range [IQR]) antibody titers in patients were lower (90 [12.4–185.5] and 173 [133–232] AU/ml, respectively; p < 0.001). Older age, higher lactate dehydrogenase, and number of treatment lines correlated with lower seropositivity likelihood and antibody titers, while absolute lymphocyte count, globulin level, and time from last treatment to vaccination correlated with higher seropositivity likelihood and antibody titers. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients had the lowest seropositivity rate followed by indolent lymphoma. Patients recently treated with chemo‐immunotherapy, anti‐CD20 antibodies, BCL2, BTK or JAK2 inhibitors had significantly less seropositive responses and lower median (IQR) antibody titers (29%, 1.9 [1.9–12] AU/ml; 0%, 1.9 [1.9–1.9] AU/ml; 25%, 1.9 [1.9–25] AU/ml; 40%, 1.9 [1.9–92.8] AU/ml; and 42%, 10.9 [5.7–66.4] AU/ml, respectively; p < 0.001). Serological response to BNT162b2 vaccine in patients with hematologic malignancies is considerably impaired, and they could remain at risk for severe COVID‐19 infection and death.
Optimizing Ballistic Motion of Partially Coherent Multiple Airy Beams by Quadratic and Linear Phases
Authors: Wang Xinyue , Tu Jialong , Yu Xing , Zhang Liping , Deng Dongmei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBy applying quadratic and linear phase modulations (QPM and LPM), the propagation properties of the partially coherent dual and quad Airy beams which maintain acceleration in free space are studied. They are generated by superimposing two and four partially coherent Airy beams whose phase is modulated in the source field. It is demonstrated that the trajectories of the partially coherent light beams and the location and number of focal points, along with maximum altitude and range of the trajectories can be easily dominated by adjusting the appropriate values of QPM p and LPM l. Furthermore, for the quad case, the transverse spectral density distribution of lacking side lobes exhibits the structure of the optical frame which may be flipped under certain conditions. Both the peak intensity of the beams and the divergence speed of the optical frame can be managed by choosing the different characteristic transverse width of the beams. These results show an energizing new idea in the manipulation of partially coherent multiple fields of accelerating beams.
Continuous Flow Z‐Stereoselective Olefin Metathesis: Development and Applications in the Synthesis of Pheromones and Macrocyclic Odorant Molecules**
Authors: Morvan Jennifer , McBride Tom , Curbet Idriss , Colombel‐Rouen Sophie , Roisnel Thierry , Crévisy Christophe , Browne Duncan L. , Mauduit Marc 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe first continuous flow Z‐selective olefin metathesis process is reported. Key to realizing this process was the adequate choice of stereoselective catalysts combined with the design of an appropriate continuous reactor setup. The designed continuous process permits various self‐, cross‐ and macro‐ring‐closing‐metathesis reactions, delivering products in high selectivity and short residence times. This technique is exemplified by direct application to the preparation of a range of pheromones and macrocyclic odorant molecules and culminates in a telescoped Z‐selective cross‐metathesis/ Dieckmann cyclisation sequence to access (Z)‐Civetone, incorporating a serial array of continually stirred tank reactors.
Localized Water‐In‐Salt Electrolyte for Aqueous Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jaumaux Pauline , Yang Xu , Zhang Bao , Safaei Javad , Tang Xiao , Zhou Dong , Wang Chunsheng , Wang Guoxiu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWater‐in‐salt (WIS) electrolytes using super‐concentrated organic lithium (Li) salts are of interest for aqueous Li‐ion batteries. However, the high salt cost, high viscosity, poor wettability, and environmental hazards remain a great challenge. Herein, we present a localized water‐in‐salt (LWIS) electrolyte based on low‐cost lithium nitrate (LiNO3) salt and 1,5‐pentanediol (PD) as inert diluent. The addition of PD maintains the solvation structure of the WIS electrolyte, improves the electrolyte stability via hydrogen‐bonding interactions with water and NO3− molecules, and reduces the total salt concentration. By in situ gelling the LWIS electrolyte with tetraethylene glycol diacrylate (TEGDA) monomer, the electrolyte stability window can be further expanded to 3.0 V. The as‐developed Mo6S8|LWIS gel electrolyte|LiMn2O4 (LMO) batteries delivered outstanding cycling performance with an average Coulombic efficiency of 98.53 % after 250 cycles at 1 C.
Age and growth of the Critically Endangered flapper skate, Dipturus intermedius
Authors: Régnier Thomas , Dodd Jane , Benjamins Steven , Gibb Fiona M. , Wright Peter J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Knowledge of vital data such as growth and age at maturity is necessary to develop effective management strategies for endangered species. The Critically Endangered flapper skate (Dipturus intermedius) is the largest skate in the North Atlantic and growth information, necessary to assess key life‐history traits, populations’ growth rates and anticipate their response to management measures, is still lacking.
While classical age estimation methods used in fish generally require the analysis of calcified structures, destructive methods are incompatible with conservation objectives for this species. Taking advantage of the high recreational value of the flapper skate, this study uses citizen‐science data originating from photo‐identification of trophy pictures and tag–recapture data supported by anglers to estimate growth in this Critically Endangered species. Using the growth increments measured between recapture events, an individual‐based Von Bertalanffy growth model was fitted to the data using Bayesian inference.
The results confirm that the flapper skate is a long‐lived species with ages estimated as >40 years for the largest individuals captured. Despite this longevity, the model reveals a relatively fast initial growth but relatively late ages at maturity and significant sex‐related differences in both growth rate and maximum size.
These results suggest that population growth rate, and therefore recovery, might be much slower than previously reported. By using citizen science this study provides the necessary information to begin understanding population dynamics and monitor the recovery of an iconic Critically Endangered species.
Twisted Phenanthro[9,10‐d]imidazole Derivatives as Non‐doped Emitters for Efficient Electroluminescent Devices with Ultra‐Deep Blue Emission and High Exciton Utilization Efficiency
Authors: Kaiyasuan Chokchai , Chasing Pongsakorn , Nalaoh Phattananawee , Wongkaew Praweena , Sudyoadsuk Taweesak , Kongpatpanich Kanokwan , Promarak Vinich 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHerein, two deep‐blue emissive molecules (SAF‐PI and SAF‐DPI) are designed and synthesized using spiro[acridine‐9,9’‐fluorene] as a donor (D) substituted with 2‐(3‐methylphenyl)‐1‐phenyl‐phenanthro[9,10‐d]imidazole as an acceptor (A), forming twisted D−A and A−D−A structures, respectively. The photophysical studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that both molecules exhibit hybridized local excited and charge transfer (HLCT) characteristics with deep blue emission color. They are effectively applied as non‐doped emitters in OLEDs. Particularly, SAF‐PI‐based device achieves the high‐definition television (HDTV) standard blue color emission peaked at 428 nm with CIE coordinate of (0.156, 0.053), a narrow full width at half maximum of 55 nm, a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 4.57% and an exciton utilization efficiency of 65%.
Online monitoring and control of upstream cell culture process using 1D and 2D‐LC with SegFlow interface
Authors: Chemmalil Letha , Wasalathanthri Dhanuka P. , Zhang Xin , Kuang June , Shao Chun , Barbour Robin , Bhavsar Sohil , Prabhakar Tanushree , Knihtila Ryan , West Jay , Puri Neha , McHugh Kyle , Rehmann Matthew S. , He Qin , Xu Jianlin , Borys Michael C. , Ding Julia , Li Zhengjian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe biopharmaceutical industry is transitioning from currently deployed batch‐mode bioprocessing to a highly efficient and agile next‐generation bioprocessing with the adaptation of continuous bioprocessing, which reduces capital investment and operational costs. Continuous bioprocessing, aligned with FDA's quality‐by‐design platform, is designed to develop robust processes to deliver safe and effective drugs. With the deployment of knowledge‐based operations, product quality can be built into the process to achieve desired critical quality attributes (CQAs) with reduced variability. To facilitate next‐generation continuous bioprocessing, it is essential to embrace a fundamental shift‐in‐paradigm from “quality‐by‐testing” to “quality‐by‐design,” which requires the deployment of process analytical technologies (PAT). With the adaptation of PAT, a systematic approach of process and product understanding and timely process control are feasible. Deployment of PAT tools for real‐time monitoring of CQAs and feedback control is critical for continuous bioprocessing. Given the current deficiency in PAT tools to support continuous bioprocessing, we have integrated Infinity 2D‐LC with a post‐flow‐splitter in conjunction with the SegFlow autosampler to the bioreactors. With this integrated system, we have established a platform for online measurements of titer and CQAs of monoclonal antibodies as well as amino acid analysis of bioreactor cell culture.
Association of hospital procedural volume with incidence and outcomes of surgical bailout in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Isogai Toshiaki , Saad Anas M. , Michihata Nobuaki , Ahuja Keerat Rai , Shekhar Shashank , Abdelfattah Omar M. , Kaur Manpreet , Gad Mohamed M. , Svensson Lars G. , Kapadia Samir R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study sought to examine the association of hospital procedural volume with the incidence and outcomes of surgical bailout (SB) in patients who undergo transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).BackgroundSB is required for serious complications during or after TAVR. It remains unclear whether hospital experiences affect the incidence and outcomes of SB.MethodsWe retrospectively identified patients who underwent endovascular TAVR using the Nationwide Readmissions Database 2012–2017. We examined the association of annual hospital procedural volume (annual number of endovascular TAVR cases in each hospital in each year) with the incidence and in‐hospital mortality of SB using multivariable logistic regressions and restricted cubic splines.ResultsAmong 82,764 eligible patients, the incidence of SB was 0.95% (n = 789) and decreased from 2012 to 2017 (from 2.66% to 0.49%; Ptrend < 0.001), while in‐hospital mortality of SB remained high over years (from 26.0% to 23.5%; Ptrend = 0.773). Very‐high‐volume hospitals (≥200 cases/year), as compared with low‐volume hospitals (≤49 cases/year), showed significantly a lower incidence of SB (0.49% vs. 1.81%; adjusted OR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.21–0.38), but similar in‐hospital mortality of SB (26.2% vs. 25.6%; adjusted OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.47–1.66). There was a significant nonlinear, inverse association of hospital volume with the incidence of SB, but not with the in‐hospital mortality of SB.ConclusionsHospitals with higher TAVR volumes have a lower risk of SB, but the in‐hospital mortality after SB does not change with hospital TAVR volume. Our findings highlight the importance that physicians should always be aware of the high mortality risk of SB following TAVR regardless of hospital procedural experiences.
Allenes and Dienes as Chiral Allylmetal Pronucleophiles in Catalytic Enantioselective C=X Addition: Historical Perspective and State‐of‐The‐Art Survey
Authors: Xiang Ming , Pfaffinger Dana E. , Krische Michael J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe use of allenes and 1,3‐dienes as chiral allylmetal pronucleophiles in intermolecular catalytic enantioselective reductive additions to aldehydes, ketones, imines, carbon dioxide and other C=X electrophiles is exhaustively catalogued together with redox‐neutral hydrogen auto‐transfer processes. Coverage is limited to processes that result in both C−H and C−C bond formation. The use of alkynes as latent allylmetal pronucleophiles and multicomponent C=X allylations involving allenes and dienes is not covered. As illustrated in this review, the ability of allenes and 1,3‐dienes to serve as tractable non‐metallic pronucleophiles has evoked many useful transformations that have no counterpart in traditional allylmetal chemistry.