bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome‐wide gene expression profiles of the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) under cold temperatures provide insights into body color variation
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhang Zhou‐Rui , Zheng Yong‐Qiang , Zhang Li‐Jun , Wang Meng‐Yao , Wang Xiao‐Tong , Yuan Ming‐Long 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCold temperatures are one of the factors influencing color polymorphisms in Acyrthosiphon pisum, resulting in a change from a red to greenish color. Here we characterized gene expression profiles of A. pisum under different low temperatures (1°C, 4°C, 8°C, and 14°C) and durations (3, 6, 12, and 24 h). The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) increased as temperatures decreased and time increased, but only a small number of significant DEGs were identified. Genes involved in pigment metabolism were downregulated. An interaction network analysis for 506 common DEGs in comparisons among aphids exposed to 1°C for four durations indicated that a cytochrome P450 gene (CYP, LOC112935894) significantly downregulated may interact with a carotenoid metabolism gene (LOC100574964), similar to other genes encoding CYP, lycopene dehydrogenase and fatty acid synthase. We proposed that the body color shift in A. pisum responding to low temperatures may be regulated by CYPs.
Expression of 20‐hydroxyecdysone‐related genes during gonadal development of Teleogryllus emma (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)
Authors: Jin Wenjie , Tan E. , Ghartey‐Kwansah George , Jia Yishu , Xi Gengsi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInsect gonads develop under endocrine signals. In this study, we assessed the characters of partial complementary DNAs encoding the Teleogryllus emma orthologs of 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E)‐related genes (RXR, E75, HR3, Hsc70, and Hsp90) and analyzed their expression patterns in both nymph and adult crickets. 20E treatment suppressed expression of TeEcR, TeRXR, TeE75, TeHR3, TeHsc70, and TeHsp90. Temporal expression analysis demonstrated that TeERR and 20E‐related genes were expressed in four stages of gonadal development from the fourth‐instar nymph stage to the adult stage. The expression pattern of these genes differed in testicular and ovarian development. TeRXR, HR3, TeHsc70, and TeHsp90 were irregularly expressed in gonads of the same developmental stages, while mRNAs encoding TeERR, TeEcR, and TeE75 accumulated in higher levels in ovaries than in testes. RNA interference (RNAi) of TeEcR expression led to decrease of the expression levels of TeEcR, TeRXR, TeHR3, and TeHsc70, while it enhanced TeE75 and TeHsp90 expressions. These results demonstrate that the TeERR and 20E‐related genes help regulate gonadal development, while TeEcR appears to inhibit TeE75 expression, TeE75 inhibits HR3 expression. Hsc70 indirectly regulated the expression of the primary and secondary response genes E74A, E75B, and HR3. Hsp90 regulated Usp expression with no direct regulatory relationship with EcR.
Prehistoric chamber tombs or geological pitfall? A multimethod case study from Ancient Aigeira with a focus on seismic full‐waveform inversion
Authors: Rusch Katharina , Köhn Daniel , Stümpel Harald , Gauß Walter , Rabbel Wolfgang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe show an extensive multimethod geophysical study of focusing on some enigmatic subsurface structures found at Ancient Aigeira (N Peloponnes, Greece) that could be interpreted either as prehistoric chamber tombs or complex weathering patterns of the local marl–conglomerate rock sequences. It turns out that the nonseismic methods do not allow to distinguish between an archaeological and a geological origin of the observed patterns with certainty. In contrast, we demonstrate how shear‐wave seismics and full‐waveform inversion (FWI) can be used in archaeological prospection for distinguishing between these alternative essentially different interpretational models that are not distinguishable through nonseismic prospection data. The example site Aigeira is strategically well located on a hill on the Northern Peloponnese overlooking the Corinthian Gulf and has been inhabited with occupational gaps since Middle Neolithic times until the 12th to early 14th century ce. Magnetics, ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) reveal a honeycomb‐shaped anomaly pattern that could have been interpreted as a system of prehistoric chamber tombs. The time‐domain SH‐FWI strategy based on a sequential inversion of low‐pass and band‐pass filtered data results in subsurface models for shear‐wave velocity and density that accurately fits the complicated seismic data set. A highly heterogeneous subsurface is revealed that is characterized by linear cracks on a decimetre scale. The seismic FWI results are compared in detail with GPR, ERT and among each other. It turns out that the FWI result is consistent with each of these other geophysical methods but provides a more comprehensive subsurface characterization that it is supported by corings in addition. With the help of the seismic survey, we can reject the interpretation hypothesis of a prehistoric cemetery with chamber tombs and confirm that the enigmatic geophysical patterns represent a geological weathering structure that could be addressed as a reincised fan delta draped by reddish palaeosols.
Comparative in silico prediction of P‐glycoprotein‐mediated transport for 2010–2020 US FDA‐approved drugs using six Web‐tools
Authors: Guéniche Nelly , Huguet Antoine , Bruyere Arnaud , Habauzit Denis , Le Hégarat Ludovic , Fardel Olivier 
Published: July 2021

AbstractP‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) is an efflux pump implicated in pharmacokinetics and drug–drug interactions. The identification of its substrates is consequently an important issue, notably for drugs under development. For such a purpose, various in silico methods have been developed, but their relevance remains to be fully established. The present study was designed to get insight about this point, through determining the performance values of six freely accessible Web‐tools (ADMETlab, AdmetSAR2.0, PgpRules, pkCSM, SwissADME and vNN‐ADMET), computationally predicting P‐gp‐mediated transport. Using an external test set of 231 marketed drugs, approved over the 2010–2020 period by the US Food and Drug Administration and fully in vitro characterized for their P‐gp substrate status, various performance parameters (including sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, Matthews correlation coefficient and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve) were determined. They were found to rather poorly meet criteria commonly required for acceptable prediction, whatever the Web‐tools were used alone or in combination. Predictions of being P‐gp substrate or non‐substrate by these online in silico methods may therefore be considered with caution.
Dünnwandige Fertigteile aus vorgespanntem Carbonbeton
Authors: Osman‐Letelier Juan P. , Hückler Alex , Schlaich Mike 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVorgespannte dünnwandige Bauteile aus Beton, Faltwerke oder Schalenelemente, waren früher als Fertigteil wegen ihrer Leichtigkeit, Wirtschaftlichkeit und Ästhetik weit verbreitet. Heute sind solche Tragwerke im Bauwesen quasi von der Bildfläche verschwunden. Ein Grund dafür waren Schadensfälle, die oft auf Bewehrungskorrosion durch zu geringe Betondeckung zurückzuführen sind. Für eine Renaissance dieser eleganten Bauteile sind korrosionsbeständige Bewehrungen erforderlich, beispielsweise aus Kohlenstofffaserverstärktem Kunststoff (CFK oder kurz Carbon). Carbonbewehrungen eignen sich wegen ihrer hohen Zugfestigkeit besonders als Vorspannelemente. Wird Carbonbewehrung in Form von Gelegen ausgeführt, erlauben die geringen Faserstrangdurchmesser minimale Betondeckungen für den erforderlichen Verbund und eine gleichmäßige Krafteinleitung in den Beton. Dadurch können mit Carbon und Beton (Carbonbeton) werkstoffgerechte Bauteile entstehen, die leicht, dauerhaft und wegen geringen Materialverbrauchs nachhaltig sind. In diesem Artikel werden vorgespannte dünnwandige Bauteile aus Carbonbeton sowie ein Vorschlag für die Sicherstellung einer ausreichenden Versagensankündigung behandelt. Fertigteile mit verschiedenen Bauteilgeometrien, von einfachen Plattenstreifen bis hin zu doppelt gekrümmten Schalenelementen, die theoretisch und experimentell untersucht wurden, werden vorgestellt.
Sample size calculation for two‐arm trials with time‐to‐event endpoint for nonproportional hazards using the concept of Relative Time when inference is built on comparing Weibull distributions
Authors: Phadnis Milind A. , Mayo Matthew S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSample size calculations for two‐arm clinical trials with a time‐to‐event endpoint have traditionally used the assumption of proportional hazards (PH) or the assumption of exponentially distributed survival times. Available software provides methods for sample size calculation using a nonparametric logrank test, Schoenfeld's formula for Cox PH model, or parametric calculations specific to the exponential distribution. In cases where the PH assumption is not valid, the first‐choice method is to compute sample size assuming a piecewise linear survival curve (Lakatos approach) for both the control and treatment arms with judiciously chosen cut‐points. Recent advances in literature have used the assumption of Weibull distributed times for single‐arm trials, and, newer methods have emerged that allow sample size calculations for two‐arm trials using the assumption of proportional time (PT) while considering non‐PH. These methods, however, always assume an instantaneous effect of treatment relative to control requiring that the effect size be defined by a single number whose magnitude is preserved throughout the trial duration. Here, we consider the scenarios where the hypothesized benefit of treatment relative to control may not be constant giving rise to the notion of Relative Time (RT). By assuming that survival times for control and treatment arm come from two different Weibull distributions with different location and shape parameters, we develop the methodology for sample size calculation for specific cases of both non‐PH and non‐PT. Simulations are conducted to assess the operation characteristics of the proposed method and a practical example is discussed.
A flexible joint model for multiple longitudinal biomarkers and a time‐to‐event outcome: With applications to dynamic prediction using highly correlated biomarkers
Authors: Li Ning , Liu Yi , Li Shanpeng , Elashoff Robert M. , Li Gang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn biomedical studies it is common to collect data on multiple biomarkers during study follow‐up for dynamic prediction of a time‐to‐event clinical outcome. The biomarkers are typically intermittently measured, missing at some event times, and may be subject to high biological variations, which cannot be readily used as time‐dependent covariates in a standard time‐to‐event model. Moreover, they can be highly correlated if they are from in the same biological pathway. To address these issues, we propose a flexible joint model framework that models the multiple biomarkers with a shared latent reduced rank longitudinal principal component model and correlates the latent process to the event time by the Cox model for dynamic prediction of the event time. The proposed joint model for highly correlated biomarkers is more flexible than some existing methods since the latent trajectory shared by the multiple biomarkers does not require specification of a priori parametric time trend and is determined by data. We derive an expectation‐maximization (EM) algorithm for parameter estimation, study large sample properties of the estimators, and adapt the developed method to make dynamic prediction of the time‐to‐event outcome. Bootstrap is used for standard error estimation and inference. The proposed method is evaluated using simulations and illustrated on a lung transplant data to predict chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) using chemokines measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the patients.
Cloning and characterization of a panel of mitochondrial targeting sequences for compartmentalization engineering in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Dong Chang , Shi Zhuwei , Huang Lei , Zhao Huimin , Xu Zhinan , Lian Jiazhang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMitochondrion is generally considered as the most promising subcellular organelle for compartmentalization engineering. Much progress has been made in reconstituting whole metabolic pathways in the mitochondria of yeast to harness the precursor pools (i.e., pyruvate and acetyl‐CoA), bypass competing pathways, and minimize transportation limitations. However, only a few mitochondrial targeting sequences (MTSs) have been characterized (i.e., MTS of COX4), limiting the application of compartmentalization engineering for multigene biosynthetic pathways in the mitochondria of yeast. In the present study, based on the mitochondrial proteome, a total of 20 MTSs were cloned and the efficiency of these MTSs in targeting heterologous proteins, including the Escherichia coli FabI and enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) into the mitochondria was evaluated by growth complementation and confocal microscopy. After systematic characterization, six of the well‐performed MTSs were chosen for the colocalization of complete biosynthetic pathways into the mitochondria. As proof of concept, the full α‐santalene biosynthetic pathway consisting of 10 expression cassettes capable of converting acetyl‐coA to α‐santalene was compartmentalized into the mitochondria, leading to a 3.7‐fold improvement in the production of α‐santalene. The newly characterized MTSs should contribute to the expanded metabolic engineering and synthetic biology toolbox for yeast mitochondrial compartmentalization engineering.
A fully integrated undergraduate introductory biology and chemistry course with a community‐based focus II: Assessment of course effectiveness
Authors: Pociask Sarah , Weerapana Akila , Taylor Pamela , Radhakrishnan Mala L. , Oakes Elizabeth S. C. , Matthews Adam G. W. , Elmore Donald E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the Fall of 2016, we created an integrated introductory biology/chemistry course for first‐semester students at Wellesley College. This course was designed to meaningfully integrate chemistry and molecular cell biology while also building community and fostering mentorship both inside and outside the classroom. Here, we describe the assessment of this integrated course through a combination of multivariate analyses of student transcript data and student focus group discussions. Our assessment found that the integrated course provided a strongly collaborative working environment for students that provided them with skills that promoted success in future courses. Along with a rigorous consideration of the interplay between biology and chemistry, these skills appeared to support positive longer‐term student outcomes. In particular, we observed significant impacts on student persistence into and performance in intermediate and advanced courses. Students from the integrated course were also significantly more likely to declare a major in biochemistry than students who took one of the traditional introductory courses. In addition, our assessment also noted the importance of a cohesive instructional team and broad faculty participation in the success and sustainability of the course.
HOXD13 promotes the malignant progression of colon cancer by upregulating PTPRN2
Authors: Yin Jiangyan , Guo Yi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeThe homeobox (HOX) family plays an important role in multi‐biological processes, such as morphogenesis and tumors. However, the function of HOXD13 in colon cancer remains unclear.Materials and MethodsThe Cancer Genome Atlas database was used to analyze the expression of HOXD13 and its effect on the survival rate of colon cancer patients. Wound healing, Transwell, and clone formation were used to evaluate the effects of changes in HOXD13 expression on the function of colon cancer cells. A nude mouse xenograft tumor model was used to test the effects of HOXD13 on tumor growth in vivo.ResultsOur results showed that HOXD13 was highly expressed in colon cancer and predicted a poor prognosis for patients. In in vitro experiments, the knockdown of HOXD13 can inhibit the proliferation and invasion of colon cancer cells. In vivo experiments showed the inhibited tumor growth after the knockdown of HODX13. In addition, HOXD13 bound to the protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type N2 (PTPRN2) promoter and promoted the transcription of PTPRN2.ConclusionWe revealed the function and mechanism of HOXD13 in colon cancer and suggest that HOXD13 may be a candidate marker for the diagnosis and treatment of colon cancer.
Preparation of New Spiropyrazole, Pyrazole and Hydantoin Derivatives and Investigation of Their Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities.
Authors: Ghasempour Leila , Asghari Sakineh , Tajbakhsh Mahmood , Mohseni Mojtaba 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, the synthesis of new spiropyrazoles, pyrazole and hydantoin heterocycles is reported by three component reactions of parabanic acids, hydrazine derivatives, and phenacyl bromides in the presence of triphenylphosphine as a nucleophile and triethylamine as a base in good to high yields (69–91 %). Evaluation of the synthesized compounds revealed a good to excellent antioxidant activities (37.6–96.2 %) using DPPH inhibitory potency. Among these compounds, hydantoin derivatives displayed higher antioxidant activities (93.7–96.2 %) comparing with spiropyrazoles and pyrazoles. The obtained results showed that Cl and Br substituents on the phenyl ring increased antioxidant activities of the related heterocycles. The antibacterial activities of the synthesized compounds were examined against two Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and two Gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) bacteria. Among the synthesized heterocycles, 2‐[1,3‐dimethyl‐2,5‐dioxo‐4‐(2‐oxo‐2‐phenylethyl)imidazolidin‐4‐yl]hydrazine‐1‐carbothioamide exhibited the excellent antibacterial activity against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria.
Spectroscopic and Computational Study of Boronium Ionic Liquids and Electrolytes
Authors: Clarke‐Hannaford Jonathan , Breedon Michael , Rüther Thomas , Johansson Patrik , Spencer Michelle J. S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBoronium cation‐based ionic liquids (ILs) have demonstrated high thermal stability and a >5.8 V electrochemical stability window. Additionally, IL‐based electrolytes containing the salt LiTFSI have shown stable cycling against the Li metal anode, the “Holy grail” of rechargeable lithium batteries. However, the basic spectroscopic characterisation needed for further development and effective application is missing for these promising ILs and electrolytes. In this work, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations are used in combination to characterise four ILs and electrolytes based on the [NNBH2]+ and [(TMEDA)BH2]+ boronium cations and the [FSI]− and [TFSI]− anions. By using this combined experimental and computational approach, proper understanding of the role of different ion‐ion interactions for the Li cation coordination environment in the electrolytes was achieved. Furthermore, the calculated vibrational frequencies assisted in the proper mode assignments for the ILs and in providing insights into the spectroscopic features expected at the interface created when they are adsorbed on a Li(001) surface. A reproducible synthesis procedure for [(TMEDA)BH2]+ is also reported. The fundamental findings presented in this work are beneficial for any future studies that utilise IL based electrolytes in next generation Li metal batteries.
Process Engineering at JKU Linz
Authors: Hlawitschka Mark W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDie Universität Linz ist eine im Vergleich recht junge Universität. Sie wurde im Jahre 1962 als Hochschule für Sozial‐ und Wirtschaftswissenschaften eröffnet und 1966 durch die technisch‐naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät erweitert. Die Johannes Kepler Universität (JKU) Linz hat mit mittlerweile über 19 400 Studierenden eine beachtliche Größe erreicht. Die Verfahrenstechnik wurde 1997 an der JKU etabliert. Die Kombination der vorhandenen Expertise zu Membranverfahren mit den eigenen Schwerpunkten zur Extraktion, Absorption, Chemiesorption, Messtechnik und Computational Fluid Dynamics ermöglichen es, weiter in die Themen der ressourceneffizienten und nachhaltigen Aufarbeitung einzusteigen und gleichzeitig die Detailphänomene auf den unterschiedlichen Skalen aufzuklären.
Efficient batch process monitoring based on random nonlinear feature analysis
Authors: Deng Xiaogang , Du Kunyu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEfficient batch process monitoring is a challenging task because of the large data scale, the strong process nonlinearity, and the complicated local behaviours. To handle this issue, this paper presents a random nonlinear feature analysis method, called two‐level localized ensemble random Fourier feature analysis (TLERFFA), for effective batch process fault detection. Considering the large data scale of the nonlinear batch process, the random Fourier feature analysis (RFFA) is introduced to develop the statistical model, which is more efficient than the traditional kernel modelling method in terms of computation loads. Furthermore, for overcoming the model uncertainty resulting from the random mapping weights, the ensemble learning based on Bayesian inference is used to integrate multiply RFFA models with different weight settings. To further mine the rich local information of batch process data, a two‐level localization strategy is designed from the perspectives of the variables and the statistics. At the first level, the monitored variables are divided into several sub‐groups according to their maximal information coefficients, while at the second level, the local monitoring statistics are constructed based on the temporal–spatial neighbour analysis. Lastly, one case study on the benchmark process is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Discovery of Highly Oxidized Abietane Diterpenoids from the Roots of Euphorbia fischeriana with Anti‐tumor Activities
Authors: Wei Jiang‐Chun , Gao Yu‐Ning , Wang Dong‐Dong , Zhang Xiao‐Yu , Fan San‐Peng , Bao Te‐Ri‐Gen , Gao Xiao‐Xu , Hu Gao‐Sheng , Wang An‐Hua , Jia Jing‐Ming 
Published: July 2021

Main observation and conclusionFour previously undescribed ent‐abietane diterpenoids (1—4), along with eleven known analogues (5—15), were isolated from the roots of wild Euphorbia fischeriana. Their gross structures were determined via extensive spectroscopic data, and the absolute configurations were elucidated by means of single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, Rh2(OCOCF3)4‐induced CD spectrum and ECD calculations. Their cervical carcinoma inhibition activities counteract HeLa cells were screened by MTT assay, and the structure‐activity relationships were further examined. The results demonstrated that 2 (IC50 value at 3.75 μmol/L) was more potent than cisplatin. The underlying mechanism study revealed that 2 could distinctly induce apoptosis accompanied by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, Ca2+ influx and decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, signal pathways including MAPKs/AKT might play a significant role in 2‐induced cervical cancer cells death.