bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of peer‐supervision on pediatric fever illness treatment among registered private drug sellers in East‐Central Uganda: An interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Bagonza Arthur , Kitutu Freddy Eric , Peterson Stefan , Mårtensson Andreas , Mutto Milton , Awor Phyllis , Mukanga David , Wamani Henry 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesAppropriate treatment of pediatric fever in rural areas remains a challenge and maybe partly due to inadequate supervision of licensed drug sellers. This study assessed the effectiveness of peer‐supervision among drug sellers on the appropriate treatment of pneumonia symptoms, uncomplicated malaria, and non‐bloody diarrhea among children less than 5 years of age in the intervention (Luuka) and comparison (Buyende) districts, in East‐Central Uganda.MethodsData on pneumonia symptoms, uncomplicated malaria, and non‐bloody diarrhea among children less than 5 years of age was abstracted from drug shop sick child registers over a 12‐month period; 6 months before and 6 months after the introduction of peer‐supervision. Interrupted time series were applied to determine the effectiveness of the peer‐supervision intervention on the appropriate treatment of pneumonia, uncomplicated malaria, and non‐bloody diarrhea among children less than 5 years of age attending drug shops in East Central Uganda.ResultsThe proportion of children treated appropriately for pneumonia symptoms was 10.84% (P < .05, CI = [1.75, 19.9]) higher, for uncomplicated malaria was 1.46% (P = .79, CI = [−10.43, 13.36]) higher, and for non‐bloody diarrhea was 4.00% (P < .05, CI = [−7.95, −0.13]) lower in the intervention district than the comparison district, respectively.Post‐intervention trend results showed an increase of 1.21% (P = .008, CI = [0.36, 2.05]) in the proportion appropriately treated for pneumonia symptoms, no difference in appropriate treatment for uncomplicated malaria, and a reduction of 1% (P < .06, CI = [−1.95, 0.02]) in the proportion of children appropriately treated for non‐bloody diarrhea, respectively.ConclusionsPeer‐supervision increased the proportion of children less than 5 years of age that received appropriate treatment for pneumonia symptoms but not for uncomplicated malaria and non‐bloody diarrhea. Implementation of community‐level interventions to improve pediatric fever management should consider including peer‐supervision among drug sellers.
A longer‐term perspective on soil moisture, groundwater and stream flow response to the 2018 drought in an experimental catchment in the Scottish Highlands
Authors: Soulsby Chris , Scheliga Bernhard , Neill Aaron , Comte Jean‐Christophe , Tetzlaff Doerthe 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe drought of summer 2018, which affected much of Northern Europe, resulted in low river flows, biodiversity loss and threats to water supplies. In some regions, like the Scottish Highlands, the summer drought followed two consecutive, anomalously dry, winter periods. Here, we examine how the drought, and its antecedent conditions, affected soil moisture, groundwater storage, and low flows in the Bruntland Burn; a sub‐catchment of the Girnock Burn long‐term observatory in the Scottish Cairngorm Mountains. Fifty years of rainfall‐runoff observations and long‐term modelling studies in the Girnock provided unique contextualisation of this extreme event in relation to more usual summer storage dynamics. Whilst summer precipitation in 2018 was only 63% of the long‐term mean, soil moisture storage across much of the catchment were less than half of their summer average and seasonal groundwater levels were 0.5 m lower than normal. Hydrometric and isotopic observations showed that ~100 mm of river flows during the summer (May‐Sept) were sustained almost entirely by groundwater drainage, representing ~30% of evapotranspiration that occurred over the same period. A key reason that the summer drought was so severe was because the preceding two winters were also dry and failed to adequately replenish catchment soil moisture and groundwater stores. As a result, the drought had the biggest catchment storage deficits for over a decade, and likely since 1975–1976. Despite this, recovery was rapid in autumn/winter 2018, with soil and groundwater stores returning to normal winter values, along with stream flows. The study emphasizes how long‐term data from experimental sites are key to understanding the non‐linear flux‐storage interactions in catchments and the “memory effects” that govern the evolution of, and recovery from, droughts. This is invaluable both in terms of (a) giving insights into hydrological behaviours that will become more common water resource management problems in the future under climate change and (b) providing extreme data to challenge hydrological models.
PAQR3 inhibits proliferation and aggravates ferroptosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia through modulation Nrf2 stability
Authors: Jin Ling , Tong Laigen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a usual hematological tumor, which was featured by malignant proliferation of lymphoid progenitor cells. Many important factors participate into the regulation of ALL, including proteins. PAQR3 (also named RKTG) has been proved to take part in many human cancers by acting as a tumor suppressor. PAQR3 has bee n shown to repress human leukemia cells proliferation and induce cell apoptosis, but its role and relevant regulatory mechanism on cell proliferation and ferroptosis in ALL needs more exploration.MethodsThe genes expression was detected through quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (mRNA) or western blot (protein). The cell proliferation was assessed through Cell Counting Kit‐8 and 5‐ethynyl‐2‐deoxyuridine assays. The levels of MDA, DCF, and intracellular free Fe in ALL cells were tested through the commercial kits. The cell apoptosis was determined through flow cytometry analysis. The binding ability of PAQR3 and nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) was verified through pull down assay.ResultsPAQR3 expression was firstly assessed in ALL patients and cell lines, and discovered to be downregulated. It was verified that PAQR3 suppressed ALL cells proliferation. Further experiments proved that PAQR3 aggravates ferroptosis in ALL. In addition, AQR3 bound with Nrf2, and modulated its expression through ubiquitination in ALL. Finally, through rescue assays, it was demonstrated that Nrf2 overexpression reversed the effects of PAQR3 on cell proliferation and ferroptosis.ConclusionFindings from our work uncovered that PAQR3 inhibited proliferation and aggravated ferroptosis in ALL through modulation Nrf2 stability. This study suggested that PAQR3 may serve as an effective biological marker for ALL treatment.
Parameters associated with diagnosis of COVID‐19 in emergency department
Authors: Ucciferri Claudio , Caiazzo Luca , Di Nicola Marta , Borrelli Paola , Pontolillo Michela , Auricchio Antonio , Vecchiet Jacopo , Falasca Katia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesWe designed this study to identify laboratory and radiological parameters, which could be useful to guide the clinician, in the evaluation of a suspected case of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19).MethodsThis retrospective, observational, single‐center‐study recruited patients with a suspect of COVID‐19 data were extracted from electronic medical records using a standardized data collection form.ResultsA total of 566 patients with suspect COVID‐19 infection were enrolled (280 were COVID‐19+). The COVID‐19 population was characterized with bilateral‐pneumonia, a lower count of neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte, a lower neutrophil to lymphocyte‐ratio (NLR). Lower of platelet count, d‐dimer, troponin I, and serum calcium were in COVID‐19 patients. The occurrence of COVID‐19 diagnosis increased, independently of other variables, with pneumonia (odds ratio [OR]: 3.60; p < .001), neutrophil below normal range (OR: 4.15; p < .05), lactate dehydrogenase (OR: 2.09; p < .01) and sodium above normal range (OR: 2.34; p < .01). In patients with possible respiratory acute affections we found a higher neutrophil, higher monocyte, a higher NLR and a more elevation in d‐dimer. In the Sepsis group showed higher level of white blood cell, C‐reactive protein, d‐dimer, and procalcitonin.ConclusionsOur study confirms that patients with COVID‐19 have typical radiological and laboratory characteristics. The parameters highlighted in the study can help identify COVID‐19 patients, also highlighting which are the main differential diagnoses to be made and the parameters that facilitate the differential diagnosis.
Corporate judicial dissolution in China
Authors: Lin Shaowei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCorporate judicial dissolution was formally introduced into Chinese Company Law in 2005, and yet there has been scant academic research exploring the function and implications of this procedure. This paper aims to rectify this by offering a comprehensive empirical study of the practice. Research shows that the procedure has been increasingly exercised by shareholders, though the total number of such cases is relatively small. The research also revealed many flaws in the procedure, which is not surprising; teething troubles are all but inevitable for a new procedure. The study also reveals that the courts do not strictly follow the relevant provisions of the Company Law and Judicial Interpretations when adjudicating judicial dissolution cases. Instead, Chinese judges appear to have created their own specific rules, a practice that runs counter to China's current legal system. Finally, this article proposes that the shareholder oppression could be introduced and enacted as one of the grounds to initiate the judicial dissolution.
Granulomatous prostatitis with high suspicion of prostatic adenocarcinoma on radiological imaging
Authors: Ambe Yoshiki , Nakamura Masaki , Shirakawa Norihide , Inatsu Hiroki , Amakawa Ryo , Inoue Yasushi , Yoshimatsu Tadashi , Miura Sakiko , Morikawa Teppei , Kusakabe Masashi , Shiga Yoshiyuki 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionGranulomatous prostatitis is a benign inflammatory condition of the prostate that may mimic prostatic adenocarcinoma on magnetic resonance imaging findings. Even in the era of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, the differential diagnosis of granulomatous prostatitis from malignancy remains difficult.Case presentationA 69‐year‐old man with abnormal magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging findings, and a prostate‐specific antigen value of 2.48 ng/mL underwent prostate needle biopsy. He had a history of urinary tract infection 3 months prior to presentation. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging showed low‐intensity signals on T2‐weighted images, slightly high‐intensity signals on diffusion‐weighted images, and low values on apparent diffusion coefficients. The prostate imaging‐reporting and data system version 2 score was 3. Histological examination revealed granulomatous prostatitis.ConclusionFor patients with preceding urinary tract infections, granulomatous prostatitis should be considered as a differential diagnosis, even when magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography suggest prostatic adenocarcinoma.
The effect of nanoparticles of cobalt–chromium on human aortic endothelial cells in vitro
Authors: Zhu Wenxiu , Zhang Rui , Liu Song , Tian Jiawei , Lv Xiaobing , Yu Fei , Xin Hui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDespite advances in stent technology for vascular interventions, in‐stent restenosis (ISR) remains a main complication. The corrosion of cobalt–chromium (CoCr) alloy coronary stents has been identified to be associated with ISR, whereas its role in ISR has not been elucidated. In the current work, CoCr nanoparticles, simulated corrosion products of CoCr alloy, were used to investigate their effect on the endothelial cells. It has been demonstrated that the cell viability declines and the cell membrane is damaged, indicating the cytotoxicity of CoCr nanoparticles. The expression of GRP78, CHOP, and cleaved‐caspase12 proteins has increased when exposed to CoCr nanoparticles, suggesting that CoCr nanoparticles induced cell apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress‐mediated apoptotic pathway. An increased release of adhesion and inflammatory mediators was also induced by CoCr nanoparticles, including ICAM‐1, VCAM‐1, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α. Our results demonstrated that CoCr nanoparticles could trigger apoptosis, adhesion, and inflammation. These findings indicated potential damaging effects of CoCr nanoparticles on the vascular endothelium, which suggested corrosion of CoCr alloy may promote the progression and development of ISR.
Lrp5 Mutant and Crispant Zebrafish Faithfully Model Human Osteoporosis, Establishing the Zebrafish as a Platform for CRISPR-Based Functional Screening of Osteoporosis Candidate Genes
Authors: Bek Jan Willem , Shochat Chen , De Clercq Adelbert , De Saffel Hanna , Boel Annekatrien , Metz Juriaan , Rodenburg Frans , Karasik David , Willaert Andy , Coucke Paul J 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTGenomewide association studies (GWAS) have improved our understanding of the genetic architecture of common complex diseases such as osteoporosis. Nevertheless, to attribute functional skeletal contributions of candidate genes to osteoporosis-related traits, there is a need for efficient and cost-effective in vivo functional testing. This can be achieved through CRISPR-based reverse genetic screens, where phenotyping is traditionally performed in stable germline knockout (KO) mutants. Recently it was shown that first-generation (F0) mosaic mutant zebrafish (so-called crispants) recapitulate the phenotype of germline KOs. To demonstrate feasibility of functional validation of osteoporosis candidate genes through crispant screening, we compared a crispant to a stable KO zebrafish model for the lrp5 gene. In humans, recessive loss-of-function mutations in LRP5, a co-receptor in the Wnt signaling pathway, cause osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome. In addition, several GWAS studies identified LRP5 as a major risk locus for osteoporosis-related phenotypes. In this study, we showed that early stage lrp5 KO larvae display decreased notochord mineralization and malformations of the head cartilage. Quantitative micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scanning and mass-spectrometry element analysis of the adult skeleton revealed decreased vertebral bone volume and bone mineralization, hallmark features of osteoporosis. Furthermore, regenerating fin tissue displayed reduced Wnt signaling activity in lrp5 KO adults. We next compared lrp5 mutants with crispants. Next-generation sequencing analysis of adult crispant tissue revealed a mean out-of-frame mutation rate of 76%, resulting in strongly reduced levels of Lrp5 protein. These crispants generally showed a milder but nonetheless highly comparable skeletal phenotype and a similarly reduced Wnt pathway response compared with lrp5 KO mutants. In conclusion, we show through faithful modeling of LRP5-related primary osteoporosis that crispant screening in zebrafish is a promising approach for rapid functional screening of osteoporosis candidate genes. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
A N-Terminus Domain Determines Amelogenin's Stability to Guide the Development of Mouse Enamel Matrix
Authors: Huang Yulei , Bai Yushi , Chang Chih , Bacino Margot , Cheng Ieong Cheng , Li Li , Habelitz Stefan , Li Wu , Zhang Yan 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Amelogenins, the principal proteins in the developing enamel microenvironment, self-assemble into supramolecular structures to govern the remodeling of a proteinaceous organic matrix into longitudinally ordered hydroxyapatite nanocrystal arrays. Extensive in vitro studies using purified native or recombinant proteins have revealed the potential of N-terminal amelogenin on protein self-assembly and its ability to guide the mineral deposition. We have previously identified a 14-aa domain (P2) of N-terminal amelogenin that can self-assemble into amyloid-like fibrils in vitro. Here, we investigated how this domain affects the ability of amelogenin self-assembling and stability of enamel matrix protein scaffolding in an in vivo animal model. Mice harboring mutant amelogenin lacking P2 domain had a hypoplastic, hypomineralized, and aprismatic enamel. In vitro, the mutant recombinant amelogenin without P2 had a reduced tendency to self-assemble and was prone to accelerated hydrolysis by MMP20, the prevailing metalloproteinase in early developing enamel matrix. A reduced amount of amelogenins and a lack of elongated fibrous assemblies in the development enamel matrix of mutant mice were evident compared with that in the wild-type mouse enamel matrix. Our study is the first to demonstrate that a subdomain (P2) at the N-terminus of amelogenin controls amelogenin's assembly into a transient protein scaffold that resists rapid proteolysis during enamel development in an animal model. Understanding the building blocks of fibrous scaffold that guides the longitudinal growth of hydroxyapatites in enamel matrix sheds light on protein-mediated enamel bioengineering. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Non‐invasive urine markers for the differentiation between RCCs and oncocytoma
Authors: von Brandenstein Melanie , Herden Jan , Köditz Barbara , Huerta Manuel , Nestler Tim , Heidenreich Axel , Fries Jochen W.U. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecently, our group showed that Vim3 is overexpressed in tissue samples of renal oncocytomas and Mxi‐2 in clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC). The mechanism leading to the truncation of both proteins is known and involves with two miRs, both detectable in urine. Since the analysis of miRs is time‐consuming, our aim was to identify the truncated proteins in urine instead. Furthermore, urine samples from small renal masses (SRMs) (n = 45, <4 cm) were analyzed to get a pre‐surgical differentiation of the cancer subtypes.MethodsUrines were accessed from the urological biobank (n = 350). Proteins were isolated from urine samples, and Western blots were performed. Each sample was analyzed with ELISA for the expression of Vim3 and Mxi‐2. A lateral flow assay was established. For the detection of SRMs, the miRs were isolated and qRT‐PCR was performed.ResultsA significant increase of Vim3 in urines from patients with oncocytoma (n = 20) was detectable with ELISA compared to all other subtypes of RCCs (chromophobe (n = 50), papillary (n = 40), ccRCC (n = 200), and controls (n = 40) (***p < 0.0001)). Mxi‐2 was predominantly overexpressed in ccRCCs (***p < 0.0001). Lateral flow assay of Vim3 and Mxi‐2 shows two bands in the case of oncocytoma and ccRCC indicating the specificity of this test.For SRMs, an overexpression of miR‐15a/Mxi2 was detectable in urine samples from ccRCC and chromoRCC patients. In contrast to that, miR‐498/Vim3 were predominantly overexpressed in oncocytoma patients.ConclusionBoth proteins (Vim3 and Mxi‐2) were detectable in patients’ urines and can be used for the non‐invasive differentiation of kidney cancers.
Matching, induction, and covariance with mixed response‐contingent food and noncontingent food
Authors: Baum William M. 
Published: May 2021

The multiscale molar view of behavior is based on three basic laws of behavior: the Law of Allocation, the Law of Induction, and the Law of Covariance. Experiments that mix response‐contingent food with noncontingent food shed light on these three laws. Food, like other phylogenetically important events, induces various activities that compete in allocation. Quantitative accounts represent induction with power functions. These power functions define activities' competitive weights, and relative time allocation among activities matches relative competitive weight. Behavior–food covariance determines which activities are induced. Phylogenetic (behavior–fitness) covariance determines which adjunctive activities are induced. Ontogenetic covariance may be represented in feedback functions. Feedback functions for variable‐interval schedules may be observed even when overlaid by noncontingent food deliveries. Equations derived from the three laws describe responding in experiments with mixed response‐contingent and noncontingent food. Equations derived here accounted for responding in three data sets: (a) from Rachlin and Baum (1972); (b) a new data set in which overall food rate was fixed while the proportion of response‐contingent and noncontingent food varied; and (c) a new data set in which food occurred according to various variable‐interval schedules. The same pigeons served throughout. All results were accommodated by the derived equations.
Usefulness of the l‐type Wako Helicobacter pylori antibody J test
Authors: Tokai Yoshitaka , Fujisaki Junko , Ishizuka Naoki , Osumi Hiroki , Namikawa Ken , Yoshimizu Shoichi , Horiuchi Yusuke , Ishiyama Akiyoshi , Yoshio Toshiyuki , Hirasawa Toshiaki , Miki Kazumasa , Tsuchida Tomohiro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and AimHelicobacter pylori antibody levels in the blood are currently measured using an ELISA. In April 2016, FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation launched the “l‐type Wako Helicobacter pylori antibody J" test, which is based on the latex agglutination turbidimetric immunoassay. In this study, we investigated the usefulness of the Wako test.MethodsWe measured H. pylori antibody levels using both the ELISA and Wako test in 180 patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at our hospital between September 2017 and February 2019. Ninety patients were infected with H. pylori. We calculated the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of each test and the concordance rate between the ELISA and Wako test. If lower limits of 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for each diagnostic validity exceeded the 85% threshold, the usefulness of the diagnostic test was confirmed.ResultsThe diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 94.4% (90% CI, 90.8–97.0%), 94.4% (90% CI, 88.7–97.8%), and 94.4% (90% CI, 88.7–97.8%), respectively, when the Wako test was used, and 94.4% (90% CI, 90.8–97.0%), 88.9% (90% CI, 81.9–93.8%), and 100% (90% CI, 96.0–100%), respectively, when the ELISA was used. The concordance rate between the two tests was high (κ = 0.8444).ConclusionsWe confirmed the usefulness of the Wako test, especially when screening for H. pylori infection, due to its high sensitivity.
Rural employment guarantee programme in India and its impact on household educational decisions: A focus on private coaching
Authors: Das Upasak 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper evaluates the impact of household participation in a large‐scale public works programme in India on educational decisions including children schooling and expenditure incurred on private coaching and other educational components. Exogenous variation in proximity of households to a river is used to control for the potential endogeneity. The findings indicate positive impact of the programme on expenditure on private coaching while having no impact on other educational expenditures indicating higher income elasticity of private coaching. The paper thus emphasizes on various direct and indirect benefits of the programme which necessitate its effective implementation at the local level.