bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Lens Opacities and Clinically Significant Cataracts With the Implantable Contact Lens: Comparison of Two Lens Designs
Authors: Sanders Donald R , Vukich John A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare the incidence of anterior subcapsular lens opacities, clinically significant cataracts, secondary lens-related surgical reinterventions, and vaulting characteristics of the now discontinued V3 and currently used V4 Staar Surgical Implantable Contact Lens (ICL) phakic intraocular lens designs.
METHODS: In this non-randomized prospective clinical trial, 87 eyes were implanted with the V3 and 523 eyes with the V4 ICL as part of the U.S. FDA clinical trial for myopia. LOCS III assessment of lens opacities, clinically signiñcant cataract, ICL vaulting (clearance between ICL and crystalline lens), and secondary ICL-related surgeries were the main outcome measures. Mean follow-up in the V3 series was 30.7 ± 10.0 months (range 10.8 to 49.3 mo) and in the V4 series, 17.3 ± 6.9 months (range 0.25 to 38.5 mo).
RESULTS: Incidence of anterior subcapsular opacities was significantly higher with the V3 vs. V4 ICL (12.6% vs. 2.9%, P<.001). The difference was largely due to the higher rate of late- appearing opacities (2*1 year after surgery; 9.2% vs. 0.6%, P<.001). The V3 group had a greater proportion of eyes with poor vault (23.6% vs. 4.3%, P<.001) and the presence of poor vault was highly associated with the development of late anterior subcapsular opacities (P<.001). Clinically significant cataract was more frequent in the V3 vs. V4 ICL (9.2% vs. 0.8%, P<.001), as was cataract extraction (6.9% vs. 0.2%, P<001), and need for ICL replacement (5.7% vs. 1.1%, P<.001). Differences in opacity rate between the V3 and V4 designs were not due to differences in postoperative follow-up.
CONCLUSION: Implantation of the currently used V4 Staar Surgical model ICL resulted in significantly less anterior subcapsular opacities, clinically significant cataracts, and secondary ICLrelated surgery. [J Refract Surg 2002;18:673-682]
Macular Hole in a Myopic Eye After Laser in situ Keratomileusis
Authors: Ma Ruiz-Moreno José , Artola Alberto , Pérez-Santonja Juan J , Alió Jorge L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To analyze the characteristics of a macular hole in a myopic patient after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASEK).
METHODS: A macular hole with sharp margins and small yellow deposits on the surface of the retinal pigment epithelium appeared in the left eye of a female patient, 53 years old, 12 months after LASIK for the correction of -6.75 D of myopia (follow-up after LASIK, 22 months). Best spectaclecorrected visual acuity (BSCVA) before LASIK was 20/25. BSCVA after LASIK was 20/20 (spherical equivalent refraction -1.00 D). After the macular hole appearance, BSCVA was 20/100. The macular hole was treated by vitrectomy with internal-limiting membrane peeling. Final BSCVA was 20/50.
CONCLUSION: The role of LASIK in the pathogenesis of macular hole remains unclear. [J Refract Surg 2002;18:746-7491
Late Corneal Scarring After Photorefractive Keratectomy Concurrent With Development of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Cua Irwin Y , Pepose Jay S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report a case of late-onset corneal haze following previous photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) concurrent with the development of systemic lupus erythematosus.
METHODS: Single case report and review of medical literature.
RESULTS: A 41 -year-old woman underwent uneventful bilateral, non-simultaneous photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) with retreatment of the right eye after 1 year. Two months after retreatment, the patient presented with headaches and mental status changes and was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus. Severe reticular corneal scarring developed in the right eye 1 year after retreatment. After the patient's disease was well controlled on a maintenance dose of hydroxychloroquine 200 mg twice a day, mechanical debridement was performed on the right cornea with a marked decrease in corneal haze and improved best spectacle-corrected vision.
CONCLUSION: Patients who manifest with autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus may be at greater risk for developing dense, reticular corneal scars after PRK. [J Refract Surg 2002;18:750-752]
Corneal Topographic and Pachymetric Screening of Keratorefractive Patients
Authors: Ambrósio Renato , Klyce Stephen D , Wilson Steven E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To review the incidence of corneal abnormalities detected in the preoperative examination, using videokeratography and pachymetry that excluded patients from laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) or photorefractive keratectomy (PBK).
METHODS: We conducted a chart review of consecutive patients who had a preoperative examination and were excluded from refractive surgery.
RESULTS: Eighteen patients from 1,392 refractive candidates (1.3%) were designated as poor candidates for LASIK or PRK based on corneal topography and/or pachymetry. Thirteen patients (0.9%) were identified as having keratoconus suspect, keratoconus, or pellucid marginal degeneration. Five patients (0.4%) were excluded due to thin corneas (<490 /¿m) despite normal corneal topography.
CONCLUSIONS: Corneal topography and pachymetry are indispensable tools in the preoperative screening of refractive surgery candidates. [J Refract Surg 2003;19:24-29]
Persistent Haze and Disorganization of Anterior Stromal Collagen Appear Unrelated Following Phototherapeutic Keratectomy
Authors: Connon Che J , Marshall John , Patmore Ann L , Brahma  , Meek Keith M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The theoretical effects on corneal transparency induced by changes in collagen fibril packing following phototherapeutic keratectomy were compared to changes in objective measurements of haze.
METHODS: Phototherapeutic keratectomy was performed on the right eyes of four young rabbits; left eyes were used as controls. Postoperative slitlamp measurements of haze were taken at regular intervals up to 19 months. Wounded stromas were studied by synchrotron x-ray diffraction to calculate the average interfibrillar spacing of the collagen fibrils. These data were combined with transmission electron microscope measurements, and the summation of scattered fields method was used to predict the transmission of visible light.
RESULTS: Objective measurements of haze were higher than the baseline control throughout the study. Electron micrographs of anterior stroma in 8-month-old wounds displayed irregularly spaced and poorly organized fibrils and x-ray diffraction indicated larger mean interfibrillar spacing compared to the controls. However, the predicted transmission of visible light through the anterior stromal scar tissue was not significantly different than normal.
CONCLUSIONS: Following phototherapeutic keratectomy, anterior corneal collagen fibrils were more widely spaced and unevenly organized than in the normal rabbit cornea. However, this did not cause a significant loss of transparency and was therefore unlikely to contribute to haze. [J Refract Surg 2003;19:323-332]
The Use of Sodium-Hyaluronate (Healon) in the Treatment of Retinal Detachment
Authors: Stenkula Staffan , Ivert Lena , Gislason Ingimundur , Tornquist Ragnar , Weijdegard Lars 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Na-hyaluronate (Healon) has been successfully used for reposition of high bullous retinal detachment in 13 cases. Healon was injected into the vitreous cavity after drainage of the subretinal fluid at the beginning of the operation. This technique highly facilitated treatment of the retinal tears.
Injection through the Ocutome infusion cannula offers several advantages compared to an ordinary cannula.
Use of a Pulsed Neodymium Yag Laser (Picosecond) to Open the Posterior Lens Capsule in Traumatic Cataract: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Aron-Rosa Daniele , Griesemann Jean-Claude , Aron Jean-Jacques 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
The use of an ultra short Nd Yag laser pulses is described for the opening of secondary traumatic cataract and iridocapsular synechiae. Both pigmented and non pigmented ocular tissue were cut without causing adverse thermal effects and without opening the eye.
The laser instantaneous release of energy causes total ionization of the medium and formation of a plasma, followed by a hydrodynamic shock wave originating at the energy zone boundary.
The temperature at the site of the laser contact cannot exceed 2 x 10^sup -1^ °C, which is not harmful to the eye. Further, this procedure requires no anesthesia and does not involve introduction of foreign material into the eye. The degree of aiming accuracy, the very small diameter of the beam (50 microns) make the laser so precise that it virtually eliminates the risk of damage to the eye and/or the intraocular lens.
Carbon Dioxide Laser Therapy of Recurrent Squamous Papilloma of the Conjunctiva
Authors: Schachat Andrew , Iliff W Jackson , Kashima Haskins K 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Juvenile squamous papilloma of the conjunctiva may exhibit "malignant" behavior with multiple recurrences presenting difficulty in management. We have successfully treated a child with the carbon dioxide laser who had failed three previous surgical excisions, cryotherapy (twice), and chemotherapy. The carbon dioxide laser permits a precise form of tissue excision with minimal trauma, edema, and scarring, and offers a safe alternative approach to the management of these lesions.
Tarsal Polishing and Mucous Membrane Grafting for Cicatricial Entropion, Trichiasis and Epidermalization
Authors: McCord Clinton D , Chen William P 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
In a manner similar to dermabrasion, epidermalized tarsal conjunctiva is polished and then the tarsus is grafted with full-thickness buccal mucous membrane. This has been applied with rewarding results in patients afflicted with Stevens- Johnson syndrome, ocular pernpnigoid and scarred eyelids with secondary epidermalization.
Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy Without Extraocular Muscle Involvement
Authors: Anderson Richard L , Tweeten James P , Patrinely James R , Garland Paul E , Thiese Steven M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We present three atypical cases of dysthyroid optic neuropathy. The unique feature was progressive visual field loss with normal-sized or minimally enlarged extraocular muscles. Other atypical findings included optic nerves that appeared to be linearly on stretch with only moderate proptosis, good ocular motility, and only mildly reduced central visual acuity and color vision despite severe field loss. These cases responded rapidly to decompressive surgery after failing highdose corticosteroid therapy. While marked enlargement of the extraocular muscles with apical optic nerve compression has been documented to cause dysthyroid optic neuropathy, another etiology such as short optic nerves on stretch appears to be at work in these atypical cases. Although extraocular muscle enlargement is the most important diagnostic feature and indicator of the severity of Graves' ophthalmology, our atypical cases demonstrate that this sign alone is an inadequate basis for diagnosis and visual prognosis.
Results in the Management of Bacillus Endophthalmitis
Authors: Vahey Jean B , Flynn Harry W 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Eighteen cases of culture-proven Bacillus endophthalmitis were reviewed. The majority (13/18) were secondary to penetrating ocular trauma. Others were secondary to corneal ulcer (1), postoperative (1), and endogenous (3). Bacillus cereus was the most commonly identified species (12/18). Antibiotic sensitivities demonstrated uniform sensitivity to vancomycin and the aminoglycosides. Visual prognosis was generally poor; only two patients maintained 20/200 or better in the affected eye. Fourteen eyes were enucleated or eviscerated. The remaining two eyes had light perception vision at the last follow-up examination.
Peripheral Light Focusing by the Anterior Eye and the Ophthalmohelioses
Authors: Coroneo M T , Müller-Stolzenburg N W , Ho A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT\Peripheral focusing of light by the anterior eye may provide a unifying concept to explain the location and etiology of sun-related eye conditions (ophthalmohelioses). Using a bovine eye model, along with computer-assisted ray-tracing techniques to model limbal focusing, we demonstrated a correlation between the locations of the foci of scattered incident light (resulting in a 20-fold concentration of light at the limbus) and the usual locations of pterygium and cortical cataract. These findings suggest the need for improved ocular protective devices, particularly ones that provide lateral protection of the eye against the increased ultraviolet insolation resulting from thinning of the ozone layer.
The Effects of Postoperative Corticosteroids on Trabeculectomy and the Clinical Course of Glaucoma: Five-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Roth Shari M , Spaeth George L , Starita Richard J , Birbillis Effie M , Steinmann William C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A randomized, prospective study on 68 eyes of 54 patients with progressive, uncontrolled, noninflammatory open-angle glaucoma showed that eyes that received topical prednisolone 1% had a lower intraocular pressure (IOP) 18 months following trabeculectomy than the eyes that received no prednisolone. The addition of systemic prednisone had no definite further effect. In the present study, we reevealuated 58 eyes of 45 of these patients 5 years after the time of initial surgery. The number of cases lost to follow up was similar in the steroid and the nonsteroid-treated groups. Mean IOP of the steroid-treated patients was 14.5 ± 1.8 mm Hg, and of the nonsteroid-treated patients, 19.3 ± 2.1 mm Hg. Visual field, optic disc, and IOP were stabilized in 94% of the steroid-treated cases and in 43% of the nonsteroid-treated cases. Thus, postoperative steroids significantly increased the success rate of trabeculectomy in these eyes, and the eyes with lower IOPs had a significantly better prognosis than those with higher IOPs.
Macular Pucker After Retinal Detachment Surgery
Authors: Uemura Akinori , Ideta Hidenao , Nagasaki Hiroshi , Morita Hiroyuki , Ito Kyutaro 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
To better understand postsurgical macular pucker in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, we reviewed a consecutive series of 277 eyes in 268 patients in whom retinal detachment had spared the macular area and in whom no preretinal membrane with distortion of the retinal vessels had been present preoperatively. Postoperatively, 17 eyes (6.1%) developed obvious macular pucker; 260 eyes (93.9%) did not. Using the Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test, we found that patient age, preoperative vitreous hemorrhage, large retinal breaks of more than three disc diameters, and cryoapplication were significant precipitating factors of postoperative macular pucker. These findings are consistent with the view that dispersion of retinal pigment epithelial cells through the retinal break into the vitreous cavity is the major cause of this disorder. Minimal use of cryotherapy is recommended in treating elderly patients who have a large retinal break or a preoperative vitreous hemorrhage.
Central Visual Field, Visual Acuity, and Sudden Visual Loss After Glaucoma Surgery
Authors: Levene Ralph Z 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The relationship between Snellen visual acuity and central visual field loss as determined by the Humphrey 10-degree test was examined in 96 glaucomatous eyes of 79 patients. The severity of the field defect was determined by the number of affected quadrants, defined as a sensitivity loss of at least 10 decibels from normal at the most central point of 1.4-degree eccentricity. The decrease in median acuity was gradual, one-half line per quadrant for one and two affected quadrants, and an additional one and one-half line to two lines for three and four quadrants. Loss of acuity was disproportionate when both temporal quadrants were affected. The major source of error was difficulty with fixation. One type, a prolonged fixation shift, was not related to shortterm fixation losses. There was a significant correlation between acuity and foveal threshold over a wide range of both variables.
Sudden visual loss from additional optic nerve damage was studied retrospectively in 96 eyes with advanced glaucoma and a central field defect. A frequency of 3% for any loss of visual acuity and a frequency of 1% for a loss to 20/200 or worse were noted. There were no apparent predictive factors.
The Effect of Trabeculectomy on Corneal Topography
Authors: Rosen William J , Mannis Mark , Brandt James D 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Trabeculectomy is increasingly being performed earlier in the treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Surgically-induced alterations in corneal curvature resulting from filtering surgery may have a significant impact on patients, especially younger ones, whose vision may already be compromised by visual-field loss. Using data obtained by computer-assisted topographic analysis performed preoperatively and at 12 weeks postoperatively, we longitudinally studied the corneal surface changes induced by primary trabeculectomy in eight eyes undergoing surgery for POAG or normal-tension glaucoma. Additional data collected included refraction, keratometry, axial length, intraocular pressure, and pachometry. Five of eight eyes developed 1.50 to 2.50 diopters of steepening in the 90-degree meridian. One patient developed flattening in the 180-degree meridian without vertical steepening. Two patients had little change in the central optical zone. Of the six eyes with induced with-the-rule astigmatism, keratometry was less sensitive than topographic analysis in detecting the changes induced by trabeculectomy. Our data indicate that changes in corneal curvature are induced by filtering surgery, but may be undetectable without topographic analysis.
Update on the Subconjunctival THC:YAG (Holmium) Laser Sclerostomy Ab Externo Clinical Trial: A 4-Year Report
Authors: Iwach Andrew G , Hoskins H Dunbar , Mora Justin S , Dickens Christopher J , Drake Michael V , Gaffney Michelle M , Nguyen Ngoc , Wong Patricia C , Tran Henry , Ma Albert S 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This is a follow-up report on 103 THG:YAG (holmium) sclerostomies ab externo performed on 87 eyes of 81 patients.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The patients received pulse energies of 0.06 to 0.13 J (mean total energy 4.4 ± 3.3 J, range 0.6 to 17.1 J).
* RESULTS: The estimated success rates with or without medication, and allowing a second procedure, were 44% at 2 years and 36% at 4 years. The mean preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) was 29.7 ± 11.4 mm Hg, and the mean postoperative IOP in the successful patients was 13.6 ± 4.6 mm Hg (P < .01). Hypotony and iris incarceration were the most frequent early complications.
* CONCLUSIONS: Although holmium laser sclerostomy is a relatively straightforward procedure and offers some advantages over standard trabeculectomy in select cases, it currently has a number of drawbacks that limit its use.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:823-831.]
Three-Millimeter Versus 6-mm Incisions in Combined Phacoemulsification and Trabeculectomy
Authors: Stewart William C , Sine Cheryl S , Carlson Alan N 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To determine the results of phacoemulsification and combined rrabeculectomy in subjects receiving either a 3- or a 6mm scierai incision.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors evaluated consecutive patients who underwent combined phacoemulsification and trabeculectomy with a 3-mm incision. These patients were individually matched by age, diagnosis, previous surgery, and race to those having a 6-mm incision.
* RESULTS: The study found that 1 year following surgery, results were similar between the 3- and 6-mm incision groups for intraocular pressure (IOP), bleb height, bleb vascularity, number of glaucoma medicines, anterior chamber depth, visual acuity, spherical equivalent, cylinder, and axis (P > .05). No difference was observed between groups with the highest IOP within the first postoperative month (P > .05). Also, no marked differences in number of complications were noted between groups.
* CONCLUSION: This study suggests that 3- and 6mm incision phacoemulsification combined with trabeculectomy provide similar postoperative IOP control and visual acuity results.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:832-838.]
Retinal Findings and Characteristics in AIDS Patients With Systemic Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Complex and Toxoplasmic Encephalitis
Authors: Arevalo J Fernando , Quiceno José I , García Roberto F , McCutchan J Allen , Munguia David , Nelson Julie A , Freeman William R 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence and characteristics of retinal and choroidal manifestations of toxoplasmosis and/or Mycobacterium avium-intracellufóre complex (MAC) in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors analyzed their prospectively collected data and found 120 patients with new retinal lesions (group A) that were diagnosed 3 months or longer following the diagnosis of MAC and/or toxoplasmic encephalitis. The authors also performed a point prevalence study of retinal/choroidal findings in 25 consecutive AIDS patients (group B) without known eye disease who had been recently treated for toxoplasmic encephalitis and/or disseminated MAC infections. In addition, the characteristics of retinochoroidal toxoplasmosis scars in 5 AIDS patients were studied and compared with the characteristics of scars in 18 immunocompetent patients.
* RESULTS: In this study the incidence of ocular manifestations of MAC was zero (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.0% to 3.8%). Two of 25 patients (8%) (95% CI 1% to 26%) in group A and 2 of 1 1 patients (18.1%) (95% CI 3.3% to 51.8%) in group B had toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis.
* CONCLUSION: In AIDS patients, ocular manifestations of toxoplasmosis are more common than ocular MAC. In addition, when compared with immunocompetent patients, AIDS patients tend to have retinochoroidal scars with less retinal pigment epithelium hyperplasia (1.8+ vs 3+) (P= .03).
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:50-54.]
Ultrasound Biomicroscopy in Anterior Ocular Trauma
Authors: Berinstein Daniel M , Gentile Ronald C , Sidoti Paul A , Stegman Zeev , Tello Celso , Liebmann Jeffrey M , Ritch Ruben 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The authors investigated the role of ultrasound biomicroscopy after ocular trauma.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ultrasound biomicroscopy was performed in six eyes of six patients at the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary after a variety of traumatic ocular injuries.
* RESULTS: Eyes with angle recession, iridodialysis, cyclodialysis, hyphema, an intraocular foreign body, scleral laceration, and subluxed crystalline lens were imaged without complication. Ultrasound biomicroscopy aided in the diagnosis when visualization was limited by media opacities or distorted anterior segment anatomy.
* CONCLUSION: Ultrasound biomicroscopy is a safe and effective adjunctive tool for the clinical assessment and management of ocular trauma, especially when visualization is limited and multiple traumatic injuries are involved.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:201-207.]