bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
K2Mn3[FeII(CN)6]2 NPs with High T1‐Relaxivity Attributable to Water Coordination on the Mn(II) Center for Gastrointestinal Tract MR Imaging
Authors: Kandanapitiye Murthi S. , Dassanayake Thiloka M. , Dassanayake Arosha C. , Shelestak John , Clements Robert J. , Fernando Can , Huang Songping D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe lack of acid stability in the stomach and of temporal stability when moving through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract has made the development of oral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents based on the platform of Gd3+–complexes problematic.On the other hand, the negative contrast enhancement produced by the T2‐weighted magnetic metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) often renders the image readout difficult. Biocompatible NPs of the manganese Prussian blue analog K2Mn3[FeII(CN)6]2 exhibit extremely high stability under the acidic conditions of the gastric juice. Additionally, the high r1 relaxivity, low toxicity, and high temporal stability of such NPs offer great potential for the development of a true T1‐weighted oral contrast agent for MRI of the entire GI tract.
Designing All‐Inorganic EuO‐Sensitized TiO2 Solar Cell from 4f‐3d Composite Bandgap Structure
Authors: Wang Qian , Zhu Wenxuan , Pan Feng , Song Cheng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTiO2 dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have blazed a new trail out of traditional silicon‐based photovoltaics. However, extensive applications of DSSCs are limited by the use of organic photosensitizers and liquid electrolytes, which raises strict requirements on dye synthesis and cell encapsulation. Considering the electron‐donating tendency and optical activity of Eu2+, EuO semiconductor is chosen as inorganic substitution of organic dyes based on Eu2+↔Eu3+ redox transition. Through first‐principle calculations, 4f‐3d composite bandgap is found in TiO2/EuO heterostructure, reducing the bandgap of pure TiO2 from 3.2 to 0.99 eV. This energy corresponds to near‐infrared photon and thus covers the whole range of visible light, which will significantly enhance the light‐absorption efficiency of TiO2. Similar electronic feature also appears in ATiO3 (A = Sr, Ba)/EuO interfaces. The bandgap value is critically dependent on bonding type and geometry structure of TiO6 octahedra at the interface. On this basis, all‐inorganic EuO‐sensitized TiO2 solar cell is theoretically designed, where EuO serves as photosensitizer to replace dye molecules and inject electrons into TiO2 anode under light excitation. This finding not only provides prospect for all‐inorganic DSSCs, but also sheds light on high‐efficiency TiO2‐based photocatalysis and EuO‐relevant spintronics with rich interfacial physics.
Vitrification and Nanowarming of Kidneys
Authors: Sharma Anirudh , Rao Joseph Sushil , Han Zonghu , Gangwar Lakshya , Namsrai Baterdene , Gao Zhe , Ring Hattie L. , Magnuson Elliott , Etheridge Michael , Wowk Brian , Fahy Gregory M. , Garwood Michael , Finger Erik B. , Bischof John C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractVitrification can dramatically increase the storage of viable biomaterials in the cryogenic state for years. Unfortunately, vitrified systems ≥3 mL like large tissues and organs, cannot currently be rewarmed sufficiently rapidly or uniformly by convective approaches to avoid ice crystallization or cracking failures. A new volumetric rewarming technology entitled “nanowarming” addresses this problem by using radiofrequency excited iron oxide nanoparticles to rewarm vitrified systems rapidly and uniformly. Here, for the first time, successful recovery of a rat kidney from the vitrified state using nanowarming, is shown. First, kidneys are perfused via the renal artery with a cryoprotective cocktail (CPA) and silica‐coated iron oxide nanoparticles (sIONPs). After cooling at −40 °C min−1 in a controlled rate freezer, microcomputed tomography (µCT) imaging is used to verify the distribution of the sIONPs and the vitrified state of the kidneys. By applying a radiofrequency field to excite the distributed sIONPs, the vitrified kidneys are nanowarmed at a mean rate of 63.7 °C min−1. Experiments and modeling show the avoidance of both ice crystallization and cracking during these processes. Histology and confocal imaging show that nanowarmed kidneys are dramatically better than convective rewarming controls. This work suggests that kidney nanowarming holds tremendous promise for transplantation.
Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc‐Oxide Based Photoelectric Neuromorphic Transistors for Modulable Photoexcited Corneal Nociceptor Emulation
Authors: Ke Shuo , He Yongli , Zhu Li , Jiang Zihan , Mao Huiwu , Zhu Yixin , Wan Changjin , Wan Qing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPhotoexcited corneal nociceptor (PCN) can recognize the noxious light stimulus and generate/transmit pain signals to the central nervous system, enabling the early‐warning and/or risk avoidance for the individual. Futhermore, central pain‐modulation can enhance pain or relieve pain, which greatly assists human adaptation to environments. Emulation of PCN and central pain‐modulation by neuromorphic devices will greatly improve the intelligence and adaptation of humanoid robots and artificial eyes in the real world. Here, amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide (a‐IGZO) based photoelectric neuromorphic transistors are fabricated with chitosan/graphene oxide nanocomposite electrolyte membranes as the gate dielectrics as well as the mechanical supports. PCN characteristics, including threshold, no‐adaptation, relaxation, allodynia and hyperalgesia, can be mimicked by the device and are attributed to the persistent photoconductivity performance of the IGZO channel. More importantly, central pain‐modulation containing central sensitization and analgesic effect is also successfully emulated by optoelectronic synergistic modulation. The results provide an important step toward to endow humanoid robots with visual intelligence and propel the development of neuromorphic perceptual systems.
Deciphering the Effect of Electrical Conductivity of Hosts on Lithium Deposition in Composite Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Zhan Ying‐Xin , Shi Peng , Zhang Rui , Zhang Xue‐Qiang , Shen Xin , Jin Cheng‐Bin , Li Bo‐Quan , Huang Jia‐Qi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLithium metal anodes demonstrate inferior cycling stability due to uncontrolled Li deposition and large volume fluctuation. Composite Li metal anodes with a 3D host show stable Li deposition. Nevertheless, the advantages of a host are achieved by the joint effect of various parameters. The effect of a single parameter of a host on Li deposition is veiled, hindering the rational design of a host. Herein, a decoupling method is demonstrated to decipher the effect of host electrical conductivity, a vital parameter, on the behaviors of Li deposition. In order to decouple the effect of host electrical conductivity, a conductive host is modulated by in situ formation of a polymer coating while maintaining the other parameters unchanged. The host electrical conductivity dictates the distribution of electric potential in the vicinity of the host, then the transport of Li ions, and finally behaviors of Li deposition. The cycling performance of the host with high electrical conductivity outperforms that with low electrical conductivity. This work initiates a decoupling methodology to probe the effect of host properties on the behaviors of Li deposition, and provides guidance for the rational design of Li metal anode host materials.
Scalable synthesis of ytterbium and erbium codoped calcium molybdate phosphors as upconversion luminescent thermometer
Authors: Liu Jun , Jiao Yiran , Pu Yuan , Wang Jie‐Xin , Wang Dan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLuminescent thermometry is a noninvasive method of temperature detection with high sensitivity and response speed. The present study demonstrated the process‐intensified synthesis of ytterbium and erbium codoped calcium molybdate phosphors (CaMoO4:Yb3+/Er3+). The experiment involved the initial premixing of the precursors using a high‐gravity rotating packed bed (RPB) reactor and subsequent calcination processing. The pronounced mass transfer and micromixing of the reactants in the RPB facilitated the scalable and controllable synthesis of CaMoO4:Yb3+/Er3+ particles with submicron sizes and regular morphologies. The CaMoO4:Yb3+/Er3+ particles exhibited a bright‐green emission with temperature‐dependent luminescence characteristics under 980 nm laser irradiation. Furthermore, the maximum absolute sensitivity was determined to be 0.02837 K−1. These results indicated that the synthesized product was a suitable candidate for application in upconversion luminescent thermometers capable of temperature sensing at the microscale.
The Ratón Pérez collection: Modern deciduous human teeth at the Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (Burgos, Spain)
Authors: Martínez de Pinillos Marina , Pantoja‐Pérez Ana , Fernández‐Colón Pilar , Martín‐Francés Laura , García‐Campos Cecilia , Modesto‐Mata Mario , Moreno‐Torres Chitina , Bermúdez de Castro José María , Martinón‐Torres María 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this report is to present the large deciduous tooth collection of identified children that is housed at the National Research Center on Human Evolution (CENIEH) in Burgos, Spain.MethodsYearly, members of the Dental Anthropology Group of the CENIEH are in charge of collecting the teeth and registering all the relevant information from the donors at the time of collection. In compliance with Spanish Law 14/2007 of July 3, 2007, on Biomedical Research (BOE‐A‐2007‐12945), all individuals are guaranteed anonymity and confidentiality. When the donor hands in the tooth, they fill out a Donor Information Form and sign the Informed Consent Form. At the same time, another person completes the data label for the transparent polyethylene zip lock bag where the tooth is temporarily stored. All teeth are then transferred to the CENIEH Restoration lab, where the specialists apply the same protocol as for the fossil remains.ResultsAlthough the sample is still growing, from the first collection campaign in 2014 to date it comprises 2977 teeth of children whose ages of tooth loss are between 2 and 15 years. Each tooth is associated with basic information of the individuals and their parents and grandparents (sex, date, and place of birth, ancestry, country of residence), as well as important data about early life history (pregnancy duration, breastfeeding, bottle‐feeding) and other relevant information provided by the donors (such as if they are twins, dental loss, or dental extraction).ConclusionsDue to the scarcity of deciduous dental samples available, the Ratón Pérez collection represents a highly valuable sample for a wide range of disciplines such as forensic, dental, and anthropological fields among others.
In‐Situ Encapsulation of Protein into Nanoscale Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks for Intracellular Biocatalysis
Authors: Tang Jiakang , Liu Ji , Zheng Qizhen , Li Wenting , Sheng Jinhan , Mao Lanqun , Wang Ming 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) are porous materials with great potential for biological applications. The self‐assembly of HOFs and biomacromolecules, however, is challenging. We report herein the self‐assembly of nanoscale HOFs (nHOFs) to encapsulate protein for intracellular biocatalysis. The self‐assembly of tetrakis(4‐amidiniumphenyl)methane and azobenzenedicarboxylate can encapsulate protein in situ to form protein@nHOFs under mild conditions. This strategy is applicable to proteins with different surface charge and molecular weight, showing a high protein encapsulation efficiency and minimal effect on protein activity. A cellular delivery study shows that the protein@TA‐HOFs can efficiently enter cells and retain enzyme activity for biochemical catalysis in living cells for neuroprotection. Our strategy paves new avenues for interfacing nHOFs with biological settings and sheds light on expanding nHOFs as a platform for biomacromolecule delivery and disease treatment.
A Tale of Two Isomers: Enhanced Antiaromaticity/Diradical Character versus Deleterious Ring‐Opening of Benzofuran‐fused s‐Indacenes and Dicyclopenta[b,g]naphthalenes
Authors: Barker Joshua E. , Price Tavis W. , Karas Lucas J. , Kishi Ryohei , MacMillan Samantha N. , Zakharov Lev N. , Gómez‐García Carlos J. , Wu Judy I. , Nakano Masayoshi , Haley Michael M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe examine the effects of fusing two benzofurans to s‐indacene (indacenodibenzofurans, IDBFs) and dicyclopenta[b,g]naphthalene (indenoindenodibenzofurans, IIDBFs) to control the strong antiaromaticity and diradical character of these core units. Synthesis via 3‐functionalized benzofuran yields syn‐IDBF and syn‐IIDBF. syn‐IDBF possesses a high degree of paratropicity, exceeding that of the parent hydrocarbon, which in turn results in strong diradical character for syn‐IIDBF. In the case of the anti‐isomers, synthesized via 2‐substituted benzofurans, these effects are decreased; however, both derivatives undergo an unexpected ring‐opening reaction during the final dearomatization step. All the results are compared to the benzothiophene‐fused analogues and show that the increased electronegativity of oxygen in the syn‐fused derivatives leads to enhancement of the antiaromatic core causing greater paratropicity. For syn‐IIDBF increased diradical character results from rearomati‐zation of the core naphthalene unit in order to relieve this paratropicity.
Influence of Intracrystalline Ionic Strength in MFI Zeolites on Aqueous Phase Dehydration of Methylcyclohexanols
Authors: Milaković Lara , Hintermeier Peter H. , Liu Yue , Baráth Eszter , Lercher Johannes A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe impact of the concentration of hydrated hydronium ions and in turn of the local ionic strength in MFI zeolites has been investigated for the aqueous phase dehydration of 4‐methylcyclohexanol (E1 mechanism) and cis‐2‐methylcyclohexanol (E2 mechanism). The E2 pathway with the latter alcohol led to a 2.5‐fold higher activity. The catalytic activity normalized to the hydronium ions (turnover frequency, TOF) passed through a pronounced maximum, which is attributed to the increasing excess chemical potential of the alcohols in the pores, increasing in parallel with the ionic strength and the additional work caused by repulsive interactions and charge separation induced by the bulky alcohols. While the maximum in rate observed is invariant with the mechanism or substitution, the reaction pathway is influencing the activation parameters differently.
Interpenetration Symmetry Control Within Ultramicroporous Robust Boron Cluster Hybrid MOFs for Benchmark Purification of Acetylene from Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Wang Lingyao , Sun Wanqi , Zhang Yuanbin , Xu Nuo , Krishna Rajamani , Hu Jianbo , Jiang Yunjia , He Yabing , Xing Huabin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe separation of C2H2/CO2is an important process in industry but challenged by the trade‐off of capacity and selectivity owning to their similar physical properties and identical kinetic molecular size. We report the first example of symmetrically interpenetrated dodecaborate pillared MOF, ZNU‐1, for benchmark selective separation of C2H2from CO2with a high C2H2capacity of 76.3 cm3 g−1and record C2H2/CO2selectivity of 56.6 (298 K, 1 bar) among all the robust porous materials without open metal sites. Single crystal structure analysis and modeling indicated that the interpenetration shifting from asymmetric to symmetric mode provided optimal pore chemistry with ideal synergistic “2+2” dihydrogen bonding sites for tight C2H2trapping. The exceptional separation performance was further evidenced by simulated and experimental breakthroughs with excellent recyclability and high productivity (2.4 mol kg−1) of 99.5 % purity C2H2during stepped desorption process.
Eine Familie von Heterobimetallischen Würfeln zeigt Spin‐Crossover‐Verhalten nahe Raumtemperatur
Authors: Hardy Matthias , Tessarolo Jacopo , Holstein Julian J. , Struch Niklas , Wagner Norbert , Weisbarth Ralf , Engeser Marianne , Beck Johannes , Horiuchi Shinnosuke , Clever Guido H. , Lützen Arne 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDurch die Verwendung von 4‐(4′‐Pyridyl)anilin als einfachen organischen Baustein in Kombination mit drei verschiedenen Aldehydkomponenten und Metall(II)salzen wurden drei verschiedene Fe8Pt6‐Würfel und ihre entsprechenden Zn8Pt6‐Analoga mit Hilfe des Subkomponenten Selbstorganisationsansatzes hergestellt. Während die Verwendung von Zink(II)‐Salzen zu diamagnetischen Käfigen führte, ergaben Eisen(II)‐Salze metallosupramolekulare Käfige, die in Lösung Spin‐Crossover‐Verhalten zeigen. Die Spin‐Übergangstemperatur T1/2 hängt von der verwendeten Aldehydkomponente ab, wodurch sich ein Baukasten für die gezielte Synthese von Spin‐Crossover‐Verbindungen mit maßgeschneiderten Übergangseigenschaften ergibt. Der Einbau von 4‐Thiazolcarbaldehyd oder N‐Methyl‐2‐Imidazolcarbaldehyd führte zu Käfigen, die bei Raumtemperatur einen Spin‐Crossover durchlaufen, während der mit 1H‐4‐Imidazolcarbaldehyd erhaltene Käfig einen Spin‐Übergang bei niedrigen Temperaturen zeigt. Drei der neuen Aggregate wurden durch Synchrotron‐Röntgenbeugung strukturell charakterisiert und alle Strukturen wurden mittels Massenspektrometrie, NMR und UV/Vis‐Spektroskopie untersucht.
Rapid Access to Ordered Mesoporous Carbons for Chemical Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Jeong Uiseok , Kim HyeonJi , Ramesh Sreerangappa , Dogan Nesibe A. , Wongwilawan Sirinapa , Kang Sungsu , Park Jungwon , Cho Eun Seon , Yavuz Cafer T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOrdered mesoporous carbon materials offer robust network of organized pores for energy storage and catalysis applications, but suffer from time‐consuming and intricate preparations hindering their widespread use. Here we report a new and rapid synthetic route for a N‐doped ordered mesoporous carbon structure through a preferential heating of iron oxide nanoparticles by microwaves. A nanoporous covalent organic polymer is first formed in situ covering the hard templates of assembled nanoparticles, paving the way for a long‐range order in a carbonaceous nanocomposite precursor. Upon removal of the template, a well‐defined cubic mesoporous carbon structure was revealed. The ordered mesoporous carbon was used in solid state hydrogen storage as a host scaffold for NaAlH4, where remarkable improvement in hydrogen desorption kinetics was observed. The state‐of‐the‐art lowest activation energy of dehydrogenation as a single step was attributed to their ordered pore structure and N‐doping effect.
Light‐Switchable Buffers
Authors: Berton Cesare , Busiello Daniel Maria , Zamuner Stefano , Scopelliti Rosario , Fadaei‐Tirani Farzaneh , Severin Kay , Pezzato Cristian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA visible light‐switchable buffer system based on a merocyanine photoacid is presented. Para‐substitution of the indolium side with a methoxy group affords a compound suitable for making hydrolytically stable aqueous buffers whose pH can be tuned between 7 and 4 using 500 nm light.
School safety and school violence: Trends
Authors: Cohen Jonathan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis special issue on School Safety and School Violence includes two “lead papers”: A clinical‐research summary of current understandings about school safety/violence trends as well as individual, instructional and school‐wide prevention/health promotion recommendations; and a case study of a school threat situation and the resulting clinical process of understanding and addressing this school violence threat. The ensuing seven papers focus on a range of ecologically informed school violence and safety‐related perspectives as well as commenting—appreciatively and critically—on the two lead papers. Although physical violence in schools is ebbing, social‐emotional violence continues to be pervasive and profoundly toxic phenomena in K‐12 schools around the world. The articles in this special issue address understanding and school violence prevention as well as promoting school safety from multiple vantage points.
AI models and the future of genomic research and medicine: True sons of knowledge?
Authors: König Harald , Frank Daniel , Baumann Martina , Heil Reinhard 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe increasing availability of large‐scale, complex data has made research into how human genomes determine physiology in health and disease, as well as its application to drug development and medicine, an attractive field for artificial intelligence (AI) approaches. Looking at recent developments, we explore how such approaches interconnect and may conflict with needs for and notions of causal knowledge in molecular genetics and genomic medicine. We provide reasons to suggest that—while capable of generating predictive knowledge at unprecedented pace and scale—if and how these approaches will be integrated with prevailing causal concepts will not only determine the future of scientific understanding and self‐conceptions in these fields. But these questions will also be key to develop differentiated policies, such as for education and regulation, in order to harness societal benefits of AI for genomic research and medicine.
CBC‐Clock Theory of Life – Integration of cellular circadian clocks and cellular sentience is essential for cognitive basis of life
Authors: Baluška František , Reber Arthur S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCellular circadian clocks represent ancient anticipatory systems which co‐evolved with the first cells to safeguard their survival. Cyanobacteria represent one of the most ancient cells, having essentially invented photosynthesis together with redox‐based cellular circadian clocks some 2.7 billion years ago. Bioelectricity phenomena, based on redox homeostasis associated electron transfers in membranes and within protein complexes inserted in excitable membranes, play important roles, not only in the cellular circadian clocks and in anesthetics‐sensitive cellular sentience (awareness of environment), but also in the coupling of single cells into tissues and organs of unitary multicellular organisms. This integration of cellular circadian clocks with cellular basis of sentience is an essential feature of the cognitive CBC‐Clock basis of cellular life.
Integrating basic and applied researches of SARS‐CoV‐2 into the medical molecular biology teaching
Authors: Zhang Yanfen , Qu Yilin , Zhang Yuwen , Ma Ning 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMolecular biology is an important course for medical postgraduates to understand the practice of modern molecular medicine. At present, molecular biology has been widely used in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of clinical medicine. The COVID‐19 pandemic forced all universities suspending academic activities and online teaching all over the world, which is a kind of crisis and has become people's memory of the times. The efforts from all sectors of society, include government, research institutions, and enterprises, have gave medical students a profound impact. The integration of memory of the times into molecular biology teaching will enhance students' learning interest and understanding effect.