bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting KRAS4A splicing through the RBM39/DCAF15 pathway inhibits cancer stem cells
Authors: Chen Wei-Ching , To Minh D. , Westcott Peter M. K. , Delrosario Reyno , Kim Il-Jin , Philips Mark , Tran Quan , Bollam Saumya R. , Goodarzi Hani , Bayani Nora , Mirzoeva Olga , Balmain Allan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe commonly mutated human KRAS oncogene encodes two distinct KRAS4A and KRAS4B proteins generated by differential splicing. We demonstrate here that coordinated regulation of both isoforms through control of splicing is essential for development of Kras mutant tumors. The minor KRAS4A isoform is enriched in cancer stem-like cells, where it responds to hypoxia, while the major KRAS4B is induced by ER stress. KRAS4A splicing is controlled by the DCAF15/RBM39 pathway, and deletion of KRAS4A or pharmacological inhibition of RBM39 using Indisulam leads to inhibition of cancer stem cells. Our data identify existing clinical drugs that target KRAS4A splicing, and suggest that levels of the minor KRAS4A isoform in human tumors can be a biomarker of sensitivity to some existing cancer therapeutics.
Sphingolipids mediate polar sorting of PIN2 through phosphoinositide consumption at the trans-Golgi network
Authors: Ito Yoko , Esnay Nicolas , Platre Matthieu Pierre , Wattelet-Boyer Valérie , Noack Lise C. , Fougère Louise , Menzel Wilhelm , Claverol Stéphane , Fouillen Laetitia , Moreau Patrick , Jaillais Yvon , Boutté Yohann 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe lipid composition of organelles acts as a landmark to define membrane identity and specify subcellular function. Phosphoinositides are anionic lipids acting in protein sorting and trafficking at thetrans-Golgi network (TGN). In animal cells, sphingolipids control the turnover of phosphoinositides through lipid exchange mechanisms at endoplasmic reticulum/TGN contact sites. In this study, we discover a mechanism for how sphingolipids mediate phosphoinositide homeostasis at the TGN in plant cells. Using multiple approaches, we show that a reduction of the acyl-chain length of sphingolipids results in an increased level of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PtdIns(4)P or PI4P) at the TGN but not of other lipids usually coupled to PI4P during exchange mechanisms. We show that sphingolipids mediate Phospholipase C (PLC)-driven consumption of PI4P at the TGN rather than local PI4P synthesis and that this mechanism is involved in the polar sorting of the auxin efflux carrier PIN2 at the TGN. Together, our data identify a mode of action of sphingolipids in lipid interplay at the TGN during protein sorting.
Phonon-assisted up-conversion photoluminescence of quantum dots
Authors: Ye Zikang , Lin Xing , Wang Na , Zhou Jianhai , Zhu Meiyi , Qin Haiyan , Peng Xiaogang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPhonon-assisted up-conversion photoluminescence can boost energy of an emission photon to be higher than that of the excitation photon by absorbing vibration energy (or phonons) of the emitter. Here, up-conversion photoluminescence power-conversion efficiency (power ratio between the emission and excitation photons) for CdSe/CdS core/shell quantum dots is observed to be beyond unity. Instead of commonly known defect-assisted up-conversion photoluminescence for colloidal quantum dots, temperature-dependent measurements and single-dot spectroscopy reveal the up-conversion photoluminescence and conventional down-conversion photoluminescence share the same electron-phonon coupled electronic states. Ultrafast spectroscopy results imply the thermalized excitons for up-conversion photoluminescence form within 200 fs, which is 100,000 times faster than the radiative recombination rate of the exciton. Results suggest that colloidal quantum dots can be exploited as efficient, stable, and cost-effective emitters for up-conversion photoluminescence in various applications.
Large-area synthesis of nanoscopic catalyst-decorated conductive MOF film using microfluidic-based solution shearing
Authors: Kim Jin-Oh , Koo Won-Tae , Kim Hanul , Park Chungseong , Lee Taehoon , Hutomo Calvin Andreas , Choi Siyoung Q. , Kim Dong Soo , Kim Il-Doo , Park Steve 
Published: July 2021

AbstractConductive metal-organic framework (C-MOF) thin-films have a wide variety of potential applications in the field of electronics, sensors, and energy devices. The immobilization of various functional species within the pores of C-MOFs can further improve the performance and extend the potential applications of C-MOFs thin films. However, developing facile and scalable synthesis of high quality ultra-thin C-MOFs while simultaneously immobilizing functional species within the MOF pores remains challenging. Here, we develop microfluidic channel-embedded solution-shearing (MiCS) for ultra-fast (≤5 mm/s) and large-area synthesis of high quality nanocatalyst-embedded C-MOF thin films with thickness controllability down to tens of nanometers. The MiCS method synthesizes nanoscopic catalyst-embedded C-MOF particles within the microfluidic channels, and simultaneously grows catalyst-embedded C-MOF thin-film uniformly over a large area using solution shearing. The thin film displays high nitrogen dioxide (NO2) sensing properties at room temperature in air amongst two-dimensional materials, owing to the high surface area and porosity of the ultra-thin C-MOFs, and the catalytic activity of the nanoscopic catalysts embedded in the C-MOFs. Therefore, our method, i.e. MiCS, can provide an efficient way to fabricate highly active and conductive porous materials for various applications.
Germanium-lead perovskite light-emitting diodes
Authors: Yang Dexin , Zhang Guoling , Lai Runchen , Cheng Yao , Lian Yaxiao , Rao Min , Huo Dexuan , Lan Dongchen , Zhao Baodan , Di Dawei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractReducing environmental impact is a key challenge for perovskite optoelectronics, as most high-performance devices are based on potentially toxic lead-halide perovskites. For photovoltaic solar cells, tin-lead (Sn–Pb) perovskite materials provide a promising solution for reducing toxicity. However, Sn–Pb perovskites typically exhibit low luminescence efficiencies, and are not ideal for light-emitting applications. Here we demonstrate highly luminescent germanium-lead (Ge–Pb) perovskite films with photoluminescence quantum efficiencies (PLQEs) of up to ~71%, showing a considerable relative improvement of ~34% over similarly prepared Ge-free, Pb-based perovskite films. In our initial demonstration of Ge–Pb perovskite LEDs, we achieve external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of up to ~13.1% at high brightness (~1900 cd m−2), a step forward for reduced-toxicity perovskite LEDs. Our findings offer a new solution for developing eco-friendly light-emitting technologies based on perovskite semiconductors.
Rapid electron transfer via dynamic coordinative interaction boosts quantum efficiency for photocatalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Wang Jia-Wei , Jiang Long , Huang Hai-Hua , Han Zhiji , Ouyang Gangfeng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe fulfillment of a high quantum efficiency for photocatalytic CO2 reduction presents a key challenge, which can be overcome by developing strategies for dynamic attachment between photosensitizer and catalyst. In this context, we exploit the use of coordinate bond to connect a pyridine-appended iridium photosensitizer and molecular catalysts for CO2 reduction, which is systematically demonstrated by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance titration, theoretical calculations, and spectroscopic measurements. The mechanistic investigations reveal that the coordinative interaction between the photosensitizer and an unmodified cobalt phthalocyanine significantly accelerates the electron transfer and thus realizes a remarkable quantum efficiency of 10.2% ± 0.5% at 450 nm for photocatalytic CO2-to-CO conversion with a turn-over number of 391 ± 7 and nearly complete selectivity, over 4 times higher than a comparative system with no additional interaction (2.4%±0.2%). Moreover, the decoration of electron-donating amino groups on cobalt phthalocyanine can optimize the quantum efficiency up to 27.9% ± 0.8% at 425 nm, which is more attributable to the enhanced coordinative interaction rather than the intrinsic activity. The control experiments demonstrate that the dynamic feature of coordinative interaction is important to prevent the coordination occupancy of labile sites, also enabling the wide applicability on diverse non-noble-metal catalysts.
Artificial generation of representative single Li-ion electrode particle architectures from microscopy data
Authors: Furat Orkun , Petrich Lukas , Finegan Donal P. , Diercks David , Usseglio-Viretta Francois , Smith Kandler , Schmidt Volker 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAccurately capturing the architecture of single lithium-ion electrode particles is necessary for understanding their performance limitations and degradation mechanisms through multi-physics modeling. Information is drawn from multimodal microscopy techniques to artificially generate LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 particles with full sub-particle grain detail. Statistical representations of particle architectures are derived from X-ray nano-computed tomography data supporting an ‘outer shell’ model, and sub-particle grain representations are derived from focused-ion beam electron backscatter diffraction data supporting a ‘grain’ model. A random field model used to characterize and generate the outer shells, and a random tessellation model used to characterize and generate grain architectures, are combined to form a multi-scale model for the generation of virtual electrode particles with full-grain detail. This work demonstrates the possibility of generating representative single electrode particle architectures for modeling and characterization that can guide synthesis approaches of particle architectures with enhanced performance.
Malian adults maintain serologic responses to virulent PfEMP1s amid seasonal patterns of fluctuation
Authors: Ventimiglia Noah T. , Stucke Emily M. , Coulibaly Drissa , Berry Andrea A. , Lyke Kirsten E. , Laurens Matthew B. , Bailey Jason A. , Adams Matthew , Niangaly Amadou , Kone Abdoulaye K. , Takala-Harrison Shannon , Kouriba Bourema , Doumbo Ogobara K. , Felgner Phillip L. , Plowe Christopher V. , Thera Mahamadou A. , Travassos Mark A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPlasmodium falciparumerythrocyte membrane protein-1s (PfEMP1s), diverse malaria proteins expressed on the infected erythrocyte surface, play an important role in pathogenesis, mediating adhesion to host vascular endothelium. Antibodies to particular non-CD36-binding PfEMP1s are associated with protection against severe disease. We hypothesized that given lifelongP. falciparumexposure, Malian adults would have broad PfEMP1 serorecognition and high seroreactivity levels during follow-up, particularly to non-CD36-binding PfEMP1s such as those that attach to endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Using a protein microarray, we determined serologic responses to 166 reference PfEMP1 fragments during a dry and subsequent malaria transmission season in Malian adults. Malian adult sera had PfEMP1 serologic responses throughout the year, with decreased reactivity to a small subset of PfEMP1 fragments during the dry season and increases in reactivity to a different subset of PfEMP1 fragments during the subsequent peak malaria transmission season, especially for intracellular PfEMP1 domains. For some individuals, PfEMP1 serologic responses increased after the dry season, suggesting antigenic switching during asymptomatic infection. Adults were more likely to experience variable serorecognition of CD36-binding PfEMP1s than non-CD36-binding PfEMP1s that bind EPCR or ICAM-1, which remained serorecognized throughout the year. Sustained seroreactivity to non-CD36-binding PfEMP1s throughout adulthood amid seasonal fluctuation patterns may reflect underlying protective severe malaria immunity and merits further investigation.
The foggy effect of egocentric distance in a nonverbal paradigm
Authors: Dong Bo , Chen Airui , Zhang Yuting , Zhang Yangyang , Zhang Ming , Zhang Tianyang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInaccurate egocentric distance and speed perception are two main explanations for the high accident rate associated with driving in foggy weather. The effect of foggy weather on speed has been well studied. However, its effect on egocentric distance perception is poorly understood. The paradigm for measuring perceived egocentric distance in previous studies was verbal estimation instead of a nonverbal paradigm. In the current research, a nonverbal paradigm, the visual matching task, was used. Our results from the nonverbal task revealed a robust foggy effect on egocentric distance. Observers overestimated the egocentric distance in foggy weather compared to in clear weather. The higher the concentration of fog, the more serious the overestimation. This effect of fog on egocentric distance was not limited to a certain distance range but was maintained in action space and vista space. Our findings confirm the foggy effect with a nonverbal paradigm and reveal that people may perceive egocentric distance more "accurately" in foggy weather than when it is measured with a verbal estimation task.
Implication of metabolic and dopamine transporter PET in dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Kang Sung Woo , Jeon Seun , Lee Young-gun , Park Mincheol , Baik Kyoungwon , Jung Jin Ho , Chung Seok Jong , Yoo Han Soo , Jeong Seong Ho , Yun Mijin , Lee Phil Hyu , Sohn Young H. , Evans Alan C. , Ye Byoung Seok 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo evaluate the implication of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)- and dopamine transporter (DAT)-positron emission tomography (PET) in the diagnosis and clinical symptoms of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), 55 DLB patients and 49 controls underwent neuropsychological evaluation and FDG-, DAT-, and 18F-Florbetaben (FBB) PET. DAT- and FDG-uptake and FDG/DAT ratio were measured in the anterior and posterior striatum. The first principal component (PC1) of FDG subject residual profiles was identified for each subject. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses for the diagnosis of DLB were performed using FDG- and DAT-PET biomarkers as predictors, and general linear models for motor severity and cognitive scores were performed adding FBB standardized uptake value ratio as a predictor. Increased metabolism in the bilateral putamen, vermis, and somato-motor cortices, which characterized PC1, was observed in the DLB group, compared to the control group. A combination of posterior putamen FDG/DAT ratio and PC1 showed the highest diagnostic accuracy (91.8% sensitivity and 96.4% specificity), which was significantly greater than that obtained by DAT uptake alone. Striatal DAT uptake and PC1 independently contributed to motor severity and language, memory, frontal/executive, and general cognitive dysfunction in DLB patients, while only PC1 contributed to attention and visuospatial dysfunction.
Ectoparasitic fungi Rickia wasmannii infection is associated with smaller body size in Myrmica ants
Authors: Csősz Sándor , Rádai Zoltán , Tartally András , Ballai Lilla Erika , Báthori Ferenc 
Published: July 2021

AbstractParasitism-generated negative effects on ant societies are multifaceted, implying individual and colony-level responses. Though laboratory based evidence shows that the sublethal fungus Rickia wasmannii is responsible for physiological and behavioral responses that may negatively affect individual workers’ resilience and life expectancy in Myrmica ant workers, colony-level stress response to this parasite is largely unknown. Here, we focus on understanding of a long-term, colony-level effect of Rickia infection on Myrmica scabrinodis ant populations by tracking trait size-based changes. We collected worker specimens from infected and uninfected colonies from the same population in order to: (1) compare body size in response to parasitism, (2) assess the extent to which possible changes in size are associated with the severity of infection, and (3) investigate shifts in body size in response to infection over time by testing correlation of workers’ ages and sizes. We found that workers from infected colonies were significantly smaller than their healthy congeners, but neither infection level nor the age of the workers showed significant correlation with the size in infected colonies. Decreasing body sizes in infected colonies can be ascribed to workers’ mediated effect toward developing larvae, which are unable to attain the average body size before they pupate.
Fluctuation and extinction of laminar diffusion flame induced by external acoustic wave and source
Authors: Xiong Caiyi , Liu Yanhui , Fan Haoran , Huang Xinyan , Nakamura Yuji 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAcoustic wave can destabilize the flame and has a potential in firefighting, but the influences of the sound source and its frequency are still poorly understood. This work applies a loudspeaker to extinguish a laminar diffusion propane flame of 5–25 mm high, where the local sound frequency is 50–70 Hz and sound pressure is 0.8–3.2 Pa (92.0–104.1 dB). Results reveal a constant flame pulsating displacement at the extinction limit, independent of the sound environment used. Such a flame pulsating displacement is found to be caused by the motion of the speaker membrane (or diaphragm) and its induced wind, which could be two orders of magnitude larger than the displacement of the air that transmits acoustic wave. Thus, under the influence of sound source, a critical flame strain rate, stretched by the pulsating airflow, can be formulated to characterize the blow-off limit better than the local sound pressure. The sound source with a lower frequency can produce larger pulsating displacements of both membrane and flame, and thus promoting extinction. This work improves the understanding of flame dynamics under the external sound field and source, and it helps establish a scientific framework for acoustic-based fire suppression technologies.
Compact spectroscopy of keV to MeV X-rays from a laser wakefield accelerator
Authors: Hannasch A. , Laso Garcia A. , LaBerge M. , Zgadzaj R. , Köhler A. , Couperus Cabadağ J. P. , Zarini O. , Kurz T. , Ferrari A. , Molodtsova M. , Naumann L. , Cowan T. E. , Schramm U. , Irman A. , Downer M. C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe reconstruct spectra of secondary X-rays from a tunable 250–350 MeV laser wakefield electron accelerator from single-shot X-ray depth-energy measurements in a compact (7.5 × 7.5 × 15 cm), modular X-ray calorimeter made of alternating layers of absorbing materials and imaging plates. X-rays range from few-keV betatron to few-MeV inverse Compton to > 100 MeV bremsstrahlung emission, and are characterized both individually and in mixtures. Geant4 simulations of energy deposition of single-energy X-rays in the stack generate an energy-vs-depth response matrix for a given stack configuration. An iterative reconstruction algorithm based on analytic models of betatron, inverse Compton and bremsstrahlung photon energy distributions then unfolds X-ray spectra, typically within a minute. We discuss uncertainties, limitations and extensions of both measurement and reconstruction methods.
Emotion knowledge, social behaviour and locomotor activity predict the mathematic performance in 706 preschool children
Authors: Cavadini Thalia , Richard Sylvie , Dalla-Libera Nathalie , Gentaz Edouard 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhat are the foundational abilities that young children must develop at the beginning of school for their future academic success? Little is known about how emotion knowledge, social behaviour, and locomotor activity are associated and how these abilities may be predictors of academic-mathematic performance (less correlated with the children’s SES than pre-reading and linguistic achievement) in a large cohort of preschool children. Here we show that emotion knowledge, locomotor activity, social behaviour, and academic-mathematic performance are interrelated in 706 French preschool children aged 3 to 6. Mediation analyses reveal that the increase in academic-mathematic performance is explained by the increases in emotion knowledge and social behaviour and, in turn, children with a greater comprehension of emotions tend to have better locomotor skills and higher academic-mathematic scores. Additionally, sequential mediation analysis reveals that the increase in emotion knowledge, locomotor activity and social behaviour partially explains the increase in academic-mathematic performance. These results are discussed in relation to three possible mechanisms. Our findings are consistent with the political and scientific consensus on the importance of social-emotional abilities in the academic world at the beginning of school and suggest adding locomotor activity to these foundational abilities.
Dentate granule cells encode auditory decisions after reinforcement learning in rats
Authors: Shen Jia , Yao Pan-Tong , Ge Shaoyu , Xiong Qiaojie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAuditory-cued goal-oriented behaviors requires the participation of cortical and subcortical brain areas, but how neural circuits associate sensory-based decisions with goal locations through learning remains poorly understood. The hippocampus is critical for spatial coding, suggesting its possible involvement in transforming sensory inputs to the goal-oriented decisions. Here, we developed an auditory discrimination task in which rats learned to navigate to goal locations based on the frequencies of auditory stimuli. Using in vivo calcium imaging in freely behaving rats over the course of learning, we found that dentate granule cells became more active, spatially tuned, and responsive to task-related variables as learning progressed. Furthermore, only after task learning, the activity of dentate granule cell ensembles represented the navigation path and predicts auditory decisions as early as when rats began to approach the goals. Finally, chemogenetic silencing of dentate gyrus suppressed task learning. Our results demonstrate that dentate granule cells gain task-relevant firing pattern through reinforcement learning and could be a potential link of sensory decisions to spatial navigation.
Resistance to permethrin alters the gut microbiota of Aedes aegypti
Authors: Muturi Ephantus J. , Dunlap Christopher , Smartt Chelsea T. , Shin Dongyoung 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInsecticide resistance has emerged as a persistent threat to the fight against vector-borne diseases. We compared the gut microbiota of permethrin-selected (PS) strain of Aedes aegypti relative to the parent (KW) strain from Key West, Florida. Bacterial richness but not diversity was significantly higher in PS strain compared to KW strain. The two mosquito strains also differed in their gut microbial composition. Cutibacterium spp., Corynebacterium spp., Citricoccus spp., Leucobacter spp., Acinetobacter spp., Dietzia spp., and Anaerococcus spp. were more abundant in PS strain than in KW strain. In contrast, Sphingomonas spp., Aquabacterium spp., Methylobacterium spp., Flavobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., unclassified Burkholderiaceae and unclassified Nostocaceae were more abundant in KW strain compared to PS strain. PS strain was enriched with propionate metabolizers, selenate reducers, and xylan, chitin, and chlorophenol degraders while KW strain was enriched with sulfur oxidizers, sulfur metabolizers, sulfate reducers and naphthalene and aromatic hydrocarbons degraders. These findings demonstrate an association between the gut microbiota and insecticide resistance in an important vector species and sets the foundation for future studies to investigate the contribution of gut microbiota to evolution of insecticide resistance in disease vectors.