bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Sawdust Extract, Wetting and Drying Cycles on of Aggregates Soil Stability and Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity
Authors: Al-Mohamdi M. S. H. , Al-Nuaymy W. S. S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA laboratory experiment was conducted, in the laboratories of the College of Agriculture-University of Anbar, for disturbed soil samples taken from one of the fields in the previous College of Agriculture, Baghdad University, latitude 33.2 south, and longitude 44.24 east. Wooden sawdust extract (WSE) was added to soil in 5, 10, and 15% levels in an equivalent proportion of soil organic matter (SOM) content for nine cycles of wetting-drying (WDC). A factorial three replications experimental design was statistically analyzed. A significant increase was noticed in the mean weighted diameter (MWD) of soil at fast wetting, where it raised for 5, 10, and 15% WDS levels. The interaction was significant in the second WDC for the same WSE levels in comparison with zero addition treatment where they were 123.62 and 173 % respectively, meanwhile 10 and 15 % WSE levels significantly superior to 5% level by 38 and 69 %. Whereas slow wetting MWD gradually to be 37 and 86% starting from third till ninth WDC successively compared to second WDC. The effect of WDCs on the saturated hydraulic conductivity (ks) of aggregates greater than 9.5mm was significant in this trait, as it increased by 13, 8, 13, 19, 18, and 18% for the 2ed, 4th, 6th, 7th, 8th, and last WDC, respectively. It also found a clear effect of the add-on levels in the saturated water conductivity (SWC) within 9.5 – 4 mm aggregates. There was a significant increase in equivalent add-on levels of 5, 10, and 15% with 8.4, 32.9, and 74.2% successively. There was a significant increase of 5, 10, and 15% equivalent addition levels of 8.4, 32.9, and 74.2% respectively compared to the level of non-addition of WSE extract. Soil samples tested with an electron scanning microscope, the samples to which WSE were added became granular and aggregated surfaces, while the untreated samples were smooth, with no granular surfaces and sharp edges.
Impact of Date Residues, Humic Acid and The Level of Irrigation in Growth and Yield of Onions (Allium cepa L.)
Authors: Al-Shamary W. F. A. , Alkhateb B. A. A. H. , Abd Al-Jabbar M. S. , Kahlel A. S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in Anbar Governorate, Heet city, during December 2018 to May 2019 in sandy clay loamy soil .The experiment included three factors : Date residues were added at two levels (0 and 5%) of soil weight mixed with the soil, Humic acids was added to the soil in three levels (0, 15 and 30 kg ha−1 ),The amount of irrigation 100 % and 50% of the net irrigation depth calculated from the measurements of the American type A evaporation basin were added. Study factors were distributed according to the split -split plot design within RCBD with three replications. The results showed that the study parameters had a significant effect on the values of plant height, fresh weight of leaves, number of leaves, average bulb weight and total bulbs yield. The highest values of plant height, number of tube leaves, average weight of bulb, and total bulbs yield were 78.3 cm, 25.0, 85.0 gm and 30.82 ton ha-1 respectively when adding 5% of date residues and the humic level was 15 kg ha-1 and irrigation water 100% compared to 27.1 cm and 3.0, 26.1 gm and 2.0 ton ha-1 when date residues are not added, and a humic level of 0 kg ha-1 and the amount of irrigation water 5 0%. The bilateral and triple interaction between the three factors also show a significant effect on some plant traits.
Spatial Distribution of The Elements and Assessment of The Status of Macro Elements in The Soils of Some Agricultural Districts within Al-Ramadi
Authors: Hassan M. A. , Sarheed B. R. , Yaqub M. T. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This experiment was conducted to find a fertility case study to evaluate NPK elements in Ramadi city boundary. The experiment was carried out in Al-Bouabid, Al-Hamidiyah, Al-Tal`a, Al-Bu`asaf, Tawi, Tal Mashaid, Zwaijir and Zankoura in Anbar Governorate, the land usesed were planted with wheat, Alfalfa, citrus and palm trees for the 2019-2020 season. the samples taken to objective fertility analyzes for depths of (0-30) cm and (30-60) cm, where the results of the spatial distribution of NPK levels in the soils of the study areas showed that The spatial distribution of nitrogen and depth (0-30) cm showed total nitrogen content ranged between (0.441-1.439%). As for phosphorus, its content in the study areas ranged between (0.203-9.79) mg. Kg-1 and the level form Low by 100%, while the potassium content of soils in the studied areas was between (24.2-224) mg. kg-1, and the level was low about 82.13%, while the medium variety constituted 17.86% of the study areas. The results of the spatial distribution of nitrogen and depth (30-60) cm total nitrogen content ranged between (0.37-1.78) % and the person of the levels high and very high in the study areas, while the phosphorus content was between (0.215-17.3) mg. The two levels are Low and Medium, while the soil’s potassium content was between (26-234) mg. Kg -1 and it was within two levels, namely Low and medium.
Kinetics of Phosphorus Adsorption in The Calcareous Soils of Kurdistan Region, Iraqi
Authors: Tariq F. S. , Abdulrahman C. H. , Rasheed M. S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Phosphorus is the second macronutrient which is vital for plants normal growth. In the calcareous soils, the adsorption is the main process that controls P availability to plants. This paper reviews the P adsorption phenomenon in the calcareous soils of Iraqi Kurdistan. In this study, the P adsorption capacity of the selected soils was determined by adding 10 mL of 0, 50, 100, and 200 mg P L-1 as (KH2PO4) to 1.0 g of soil and shaken for 12, 24 and 48 hours on horizontal shaker constantly. The suspensions at each period of incubation centrifuged and filtered then 1nalysed for P which represented the equilibrium P concentration. The minimum adsorption 4.42±0.44 mg kg-1 was recorded for soil4 with 50 mg P L-1 applied solution and 12 h of incubation while the maximum adsorption 124±0.05 mg Kg-1 was recorded for soil3 with 200 mg P L-1 applied solution at 48 h of incubation. These results indicate that P adsorption increased with increasing applied amount of P and time of incubation. Results also showed that the Freundlich model was the best fitted according to the greater values of R2 which was ranged from 0.7619 to 0.9984 compared to 0.738-0.9882 for Langmuir model and 0.7171-0.9986 for Temkin model. These results also suggest that in the studied soils P adsorbed through physical adsorption rather than chemical reaction and then decrease P availability in soil.
Evaluation of Langmuir and Frendlich isotherm equation for Zinc Adsorption in some calcareous soil of Erbil province north of Iraq.
Authors: Akrawi H. S. Y. , Al-Obaidi M. A. , Abdulrahman Ch. H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study soil samples were to investigate of Zinc concentrations on the mechanism of adsorption phenomena in four calcareous soils (Choman, Qoshtepe, Herir, and Soran) from Erbil North Iraq classified (calciorthids). Isotherm adsorption was studied by using the Batch technique, 2 g soil was shaken with 40 ml 0.01M CaCl2 containing Zn concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, and 256 mg Zn l-1 for 24 hours at 298K. Zn adsorption under isotherm reaction 298K. The adsorption data were described by using Langmuir and Freundlich equations. The results showed that the concentration of adsorption was increased by an increase of Zn level added to Soils. According to the Langmuir equation, the maximum adsorption capacity of Zn was higher in Qoshtepe, Herir Soils. 666 mg kg−1 while the lower value was recorded in Soran soil. Bonding energy was higher in Soran 0.4050 mg L−1, while the lower value was recorded in Choman Soils. 0.0184 mg L-1 soil MBC was higher in Soran Soil. 134.87 mg kg−1 while the lower value was recorded in Choman 7.65 soil, also the results showed that reaction was spontaneous with Negative free energy, were higher in Soil. -2.16 while the lower value was recorded in Herir soil -1.94 joule.mole−1.degree-1 for Soil. And RL value was higher in Choman Soil 0.71, while the lower value was recorded in Soran soil 0.32. The values of qm constant Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R isotherm) which is the adsorption capacity mol g−1 ranged from -2.3007 to -3.6758
Comparison between The Measured and Predicted moisture contents as affected By Some Soil Improvements
Authors: Hassan H. M. , Al-Jawadi L. M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Predicted equation were used for best fitting between measured and calculated moisture contents of two soils texture located at Ninevah governorate under the effect of soil improvements . Soil samples were sieved by 2 mm sieves and saturated to measure the soil moisture characteristic curve of 10, 33,100, 200,400, 600,800,1000 and 1500 Kpa. By using both pressure plates and membrane and pressure compared its value by using predicted equations. Results indicated that the values of both Θs and Θr were highest of P3O0 treatment for the clay texture compared with the loamy texture soil.The values of m, n and α of VanGenuchetn equation. for the first location were lower than the second to location and the value of n was higher than both m and α.The value of a of Van&Mua was higher than bmfor the first location than the second one.The value of a of Van&Bur equal to a value of Van&Mua .while b and bˉ were variable and b was lower than bˉ for both locations. The values of a, c and hr were higher for P3O2 treatment of Fred &Xing .compared with the lower values of P0O0 for both location, On the other hand,the a value of Pere&Fred was equal to the same value of both Van&Mua and Van&Bur and the b value equal to Van&Bur and c value was variable and similar to m values of VanGenuchetn .Best fitting between the measured and calculated values at higher suction by Fredlund & Xing equation for both location and at lower suction by (VanGenuchetn, Van&Mua, Van&Bur and Pere&Fred ). Equation VanGenuchetn gave best first to the measured value at 33 Kpa for the second location.while equation Van & Bur gave best first at 100-400 Kpa for both location and Pere&Fred at 33 Kpa for first location.
Evaluation of The Efficiency of Date Seeds as a Carrier of PGPR Inoculants Under Different Storage Temperature
Authors: Thwaini Q. S. , Abed I. A. , Alrawi A. A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTwo isolates of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria were used in this experiment, After confirming that these strains belong to Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas fluorescence by using agronomic and morphological characteristics, these strains were grown on slants and transferred to liquid broth (NB) in the rotary shaker to prepare mother (starter) culture which contains 31 x 108, 37 x 108 CFU.ml-1 for each strain. Date palm seeds were used as a carrier for these strains, which had two types (the seeds of Rutab dates and the seeds of the molasses date), these strains were mixed with 10 g for each type of date palm seeds and then divided into two groups. The first group was stored at 4° c and the second group was stored at 25° c for 120 days. Survival cells were counted for each microbial combination every 30 days of storage. The results showed the ability of the date seeds material of both types to maintain the density of the bacterial inoculum, whether B. megaterium or P.flourescence throughout the storage period of 120 days. The combination of S3 retained the highest population density of the inoculum cells after 120 days of storage, for both storage grades 4 and 25° c recording log 7.37 and 7.93 CFU/g, While the combination S2 recorded the lowest microbial density of the inoculum cells which was log 6.25 and 6.32 cfu/g. The date seed (al-Rutab, molasses) maintained a constant level of decrease in the numbers of live cells of the Pseudomonas fluorescence (S3, S4) at both storage degrees, the percentage of reduction was 22 and 16% respectively at the end of period storage, as for B. megaterium the combination S1 and S2 were recorded 18 and 30%.
Chemical Analysis of Fig Transplants Cv Wazeri Under With Cutting Type and Humic Acid
Authors: Alani M. H. I. , Al-Dulaimy A. F. Z. , Sekhi Y. S. , Almehemdi A. F. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Lath house trial was laid out at dept of horticulture and landscape gardening, college of agriculture, university of anbar, IRAQ to know Effects of cutting type and humic acid fertilizing on Wazeri fig transplants . Factorial experiment was done using random complete block design RCBD (3x3) with three replicates as three cuttings per experimental unit. during the growing season 2018. Cuttings have been cultured on Jan. 20th, 2018 and then humic was applied to culture media on the following times (Apr. 20th, Jul. 20th and Oct. 20th). Results revealed that All the studied traits have shown significant effect using different types of stem cuttings included (leaf chlorophyll content, branches carbohydrates content and leaf Nitrogen, phosphor and potassium content reached to (249.6 mg.100g−1, 11.73%, 2.58%, 0.75% and 1.44%), respectively. effect of humic fertilization reached significant level of effect for all the studied traits except (leaf phosphorus content) especially(4ml.L−1) Gave the highest results (350.1mg.gm−1, 12.00%, 2.56% and 1.43%) for the traits (leaf chlorophyll content, branch carbohydrates content and leaf Nitrogen and potassium content, respectively. The interaction between both studied factors achieved a significant level in most studied indicators.
Molecular Identification of the Truffles Tirmania pinoyi and Detection of Mycorrhizae Association with the Roots of Wild Helianthemum Species in Western Iraqi Desert
Authors: Alheeti A. A. M. , Muslat M. M. , Theer R. M. , Ayyash L. M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Desert truffles are edible fungi formed beneath the soil surface. They are ecologically native to the ecosystem of the Mediterranean, Eastern and Arab Gulf countries of the arid and semi-arid areas. The western Iraqi desert in Al-Anbar Governorate is an important region for truffle production in Iraq. Contrary to the previous seasons, the 2018-2019 in Iraq was an unprecedented in the abundance of truffles and rain averages, their frequencies. The rains spanned from October of 2018 to the end of May 2019. The sample of truffles in this study were collected from the desert and the markets easily recognized into two forms according to their traditional name, appearance, forming nature, delicacy, color, shape, inner tissue color, texture, smell, and sell price. These types were identified as Tirmania spp. and Terfezia spp. as macro and microscopically examination. Histological inspection of a wild Helianthemum spp. (Rugrug plants) roots showed the association of a mycorrhizal fungus. The BLASTn results for the sequence analyses revealed that the truffles that was morphologically identified as Tarminia spp. showed significant alignment with 1066/1066 (99.32%) identity for Tarminia pinoyi. On the other hand, soil sample obtained from around a truffle was of positive DNA extraction also showed significant alignment with 1038/1038 (99.30 %) identity for Tarminia pinoyi ( MK 478864.1). This finding, reported for the first time detection of the fungal truffles in the desert soil from the outside the ascocarps. In addition the association of mycorrhizal fungi with the wild plants Helianthemum roots that collected directly from the desert was confirmed.
A Comparative Study of Anatomical and Taxonomical of Juniperus Species Grown in Northern Iraq
Authors: Al- Jowary H. S. J. , Al-Sharefy A. A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This comparative anatomical taxonomic study was conducted for 3 species belonging to the genus Juniper of the Cupressaceae family that grow wild in northern Iraq, in 7 sites distributed over the governorates of Nineveh, Dohuk and Sulaymaniyah, and these species are (Juniperus oxycedrus L., Juniperus polycarpos K. Koch and a new species that was recorded for the first time in the Flora of Iraq by the same researchers, which is Juniperus macrocarpa Sibth and Sm.). The study included the chemical separation of wood Maceration, the results showed the variation of the studied species in the dimensions of the tracheids (like length, diameter of the tracheids and wall thickness) and in the Runkel ratio as well as the variation in the dimensions of the Borderd pits. It was possible to diagnose and isolate the two species of J. oxycedrus and J. Macrocarpa that have similar phenotypes, as the species J. macrocarpa had longer, wider and thicker tracheids than those of J. oxycedrus, while the species J. Polycarpos had the lowest average tracheids length, diameter and thickness; Thus, it was isolated from the previous two species. Regarding the Runkel ratio, the results showed that all types of juniper studied are suitable for the manufacture of pulp and paper. And that is because they have Runkel ratios that have fallen within the approved range for the best production and quality of the paper pulp, as the values for the studied species were limited to between (0.425 - 0.922). The lined click diameters were also varied according to species. It was also found that the qualitative characteristics of the tracheids have a prominent role in the diagnosis of the studied species, as they are constant genetic characteristics of the species, as it was found that there are variations in the qualitative characteristics between the studied species, such as the presence of Thickening Helical in the tracheids of J. oxycedrus, in addition to the presence of Dentate in the walls His tracheids and their absence in the other two species, as well as the presence of two rows of bordered pits in the tracheids of juniper, which is called the Biseriate, and their absence in the other two species. It was evident from these results that the anatomical characters of the wood have a great taxonomic importance that contributed to the diagnosis of Juniper species. This is the first time in the Iraqi country that an anatomical diagnostic key has been placed for the wood of Juniperus L. species growing in northern Iraq . The woods of this studied species.
Increase Active Substances in Catharanthus Roseus L. G. Don with Water Tension and Foliar Application of Proline
Authors: Khudair A. F. , Al-Naseri O. A. O. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at Lath house / Department of Horticulture and Landscape at the College of Agriculture / Tikrit University for the period from 17/3/2020 until 2/9/2020 on Catharanthus Roseus (L.) G. Don plant variety Pacifica X P Mix. The experiment was carried out using two factors under with Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) in split plot, arranged into two factors which were put into the main plots involved applying water tension to the plant in three levels of field capacity (100%, 75% and 50%). The second factor which was placed in the sub plots, was sprayed on the shoots until completed wetness with four concentrations (0, 100, 200 and 300)mg.L−1. The results showed the superiority of (75%) field capacity and significant difference was recorded on most of the studied traits, where the leaf content characteristic of Vinblastine was recorded (114.750) mcg.−1. The root content characteristic of Vinblastine alkaloid was recorded (27.56) mcg.−1, and the root content characteristic of Vincristine (22.88) ) mcg.1 1was recorded, compared with the two water stress treatments (100% and 50%) Field capacity. Whereas, level of (100%) field capacity, outperformed the leaf content of Vincristine, which recorded (86.15) mcg.−1, which did not significantly -differentiate with the water tension treatment A2 at a level (75%) field capacity, which recorded (84.69) mcg.−1. As for the treatment of spraying with (Proline), the results showed that the treatment of B4 was superior to a concentration of 300 mg.L−1 in all studied traits (Vinblastine and Vincristine leaf and root content) compared with all concentrations.
Role of Green Spaces and Their Impact on Climate Design and Ecosystem Efficiency
Authors: Jumaah M. S. , Abdulrazzaq Z. M. , Abdul_Majeed A. H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Anbar Governorate suffers from clear negligence in achieving a balance between the natural and constructed components and their impact on the local climate, especially in terms of providing green spaces, the components of the natural environment are affected the climate, which is characterized by its harshness in the hot dry region, which requires developing solutions for its climatic design and achieving the efficiency of its ecosystem, as well as providing green spaces commensurate with the nature of the city and its population, and from here the research problem identify the role of green spaces in climate design and achieve efficiency High for the ecosystem. The research reached many proposed solutions through which it is possible to overcome the difficulties and challenges facing green spaces within the cities of Anbar Governorate, including preserving and protecting green spaces, raising their efficiency and increasing their area, as well as converting unused lands into green spaces, as well as reaching many Among the recommendations that would highlight the role and importance of green spaces in achieving the environmental and aesthetic balance of Anbar Governorate cities.
Effect of Mulching Type on Growth and Yield of Two Cauliflower Varieties (Brassica Oleracea L. Var. Botrytis)
Authors: Tawfeeq A. M. , Abdulrhman H. B. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in the research station of the Horticulture and Landscape Department, College of Agriculture, Tikrit University; to study the effect of mulch type on the growth and yield of two varieties of cauliflower during the 2017 – 2018 season. The experiment was carried out according to the split -plot layout within Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and three replicates. Mulch types; black and yellow polyethylene in addition to the control treatment (non-mulch) were in the main plots, and varieties of cauliflower (Fuji Yama and White Cloud) were placed in sub-plots. Means were compared using Duncan multiple range test at 5% probability level. Results showed that there were no significant differences between mulching types in plant height, curd weight, curd length, and shoot weight. Meanwhile, there were significant increases in the number of leaves, leaf length, stem weight, compared with control. Curd diameter and chlorophyll contents increased significantly under black polyethylene mulching compared with both yellow mulching and control. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the two varieties in all studied vegetative and yield parameters except leaf length which showed a significant increase with White Cloud variety (31.778 cm) compared with Fuji Yama (29.926 cm). The interaction between black mulching and White Cloud variety was significantly superior in the number of leaves (18.333 leaf.plant-1), plant height (8.083 cm), leaf length (34.556 cm), and chlorophyll contents (45.567 SPAD). The interaction between black mulching and Fuji Yama variety gave a significant increase in curd diameter (17.500 cm). Meanwhile, the treatments did not show any significant change in other characteristics of plants.