bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(Epidemiological Analysis of Varicella in Dalian from 2009 to 2019 and Application of Three Kinds of Model in Prediction Prevalence of Varicella）Study Design: Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Cheng Tingting , Bai Yu , Sun Xianzhi , Ji Yuchen , Zhang Fan , Li Xiaofeng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective：This study described the epidemic characteristics of varicella in Dalian from 2009 to 2019, explored the fitting effect of Grey model first-order one variable( GM(1,1)), Markov model, and GM(1,1)-Markov model on varicella data, and found the best fitting method for this type of data, to better predict the incidence trend.Methods: In this study, the epidemiological characteristics of varicella from 2009 to 2019 were analyzed by epidemiological descriptive methods. Using the varicella incidence data from 2009 to 2018, predicted 2019 and compared with actual value. First made GM (1,1) prediction and Markov prediction. Then according to the relative error of the GM(1,1), made GM(1,1)-Markov prediction. Results: This study collected 37223 cases from 2009 to 2019. The average annual incidence was 50.56/100000. Varicella occurred all year round, it had a bimodal distribution. The number of cases had two peaks from April to June and November to January of the following year. The ratio of males to females was 1.167:1. The 4 to 25 accounted for 60.36% of the total population. The age of varicella appeared to shift backward. Students, kindergarten children, scattered children accounted for about 64% of all cases. The GM(1,1) model prediction result of 2019 would be 53.6425, the relative error would be 14.42%, the Markov prediction result would be 56.2075, the relative error would be 10.33%, and the Gray(1,1)-Markov prediction result would be 59.508. The relative error would be 5.06%.Conclusions: Varicella data had its unique development characteristics. The accuracy of GM (1,1) - Markov model is higher than GM(1.1) model and Markov model. The model can be used for prediction and decision guidance.
Thicknesses of Retinal Layers in patients with Graves’ Disease with or Without Orbitopathy
Authors: ogmen berna evranos , Ugurlu Nagihan , Bilginer Muhammet Cuneyt , Polat Sefika Burcak , Genc Birgul , Ersoy Reyhan , Cakir Bekir 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) is an inflammatory process that may involve the ocular surface, orbital fat, extraocular muscles, and optic nerves in patients with Graves’ disease (GD). We aimed to compare thicknesses of retinal layers in patients with GD with and without GO.Methods: One hundred seven patients with GD (23 with GO (Group1), 84 without GO (Group2)) and eighteen volunteers (Group3) were enrolled. The spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is used for ophthalmologic evaluation. Seven retinal layers including retinal nerve ﬁber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), outer nuclear layer (ONL), retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) were assessed. The thicknesses of layers are compared in groups.Results: The median GCL thickness values in groups 1,2, and 3 were 14 µm, 15 µm, and 17.5 µm, respectively (p = 0.02). The median IPL thickness was 20 µm in group 1, 21 µm in group 2, and 22 µm in group 3 (p = 0.038). The median RPE thickness values in groups 1,2, and 3 were 16 µm, 17 µm and 18.5 µm, respectively. The median GCL, IPL, RPE were different in the groups, while RNLF, INL, OPL, ONL were similar (p>0.05 for each). Conclusion: The median GCL, IPL and RPE were thinner in patients with GO than healthy controls.
Two-Sidedness, Flexible, Durable, Highly Transparent and Haze Plastic-Paper For Green Optoelectronics
Authors: Wang Wenliang , Wang Xubiao , Zhao Xingjin , Ren Xiaoxiao , Jiang Weikun , Zhang Zhao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We combine biodegradable plastic (polyvinyl alcohol/glycerol polymer), and cellulose-based tissue paper in a very short time (5 s) by a facile way to form a new matrix, named plastic-paper, which has high optical transmittance (~89%) and high optical haze (~90%) in broadband. Results showed that the plastic-paper is durable in different solvents, with high folding strength (over 3500 folding times) and good mechanical strength (＞30 MPa tensile strength). Interestingly, the plastic-paper presents a two-sidedness of surface morphology. The rough side shows high light transmittance and the smooth side presents high optical haze. The smooth side of the plastic-paper is successfully applied to Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED). When the rough surface of plastic-paper is used in solar cells, the maximum output power increases by 2.6% compared with bare solar cells. The developed plastic-paper with high optical transmittance and high optical haze holds a great potential in flexible optoelectronic devices.
Effect of Climate Change on the Rainfall Trends: A case study of Pune, India
Authors: Shah Shalaka , Londhe Shreenivas 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
It is the need of the hour to predict the impact of climate change, especially rainfall on the future environmental conditions on local as well as global scales. The present work aims at studying the impact of climate change on the rainfall occurring over Pune, the eighth largest city in India. The General Circulation Models (GCMs) are predominantly used to obtain the climate data all over the globe, at various grid points, for past and future years. Rainfall values obtained from these grid points need to be downscaled to make them location specific. This study proposes a soft computing tool, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for the purpose of downscaling. The rainfall data at 4 grid points surrounding Pune, was extracted from 5 different GCMs and given as input to ANN with observed rainfall as output, thus forming 5 models. For comparison, a pre-existing downscaling technique, Distribution based scaling (DBS) was used. The coefficient of correlation (r) showed that ANN was working better than DBS. The value of r for ANN was 0.73 for its least accurate model whereas DBS managed to reach 0.73 for its most accurate model. The future rainfall estimated with the help of the trained ANN models show an increase in mean rainfall over the Pune region by ∼2 – 15% and decrease in maximum rainfall by ∼40 – 65%. Peak prediction of rainfall simulated by ANN was not very accurate and hence there is still an opportunity for improvement which is the future scope of this study.
Non-Cognitive Characteristics of Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment And Errors On The Clock Drawing Test
Authors: Umegaki Hiroyuki , Suzuki Yusuke , Komiya Hitoshi , Watanabe Kazuhisa , Nagae Masaki , Yamada Yosuke , Kuzuya Masafumi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) often make qualitative errors on the Clock Drawing Test (CDT), and these errors are reported to be associated with lower scores on neuropsychological assessments. However, the association of CDT errors with non-cognitive characteristics has not been investigated in individuals with MCI to date. In this study, we explored this association in older adults with MCI who made qualitative errors on the CDT. Outpatients at a memory clinic with a Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) of 0.5 (n = 193) were included. The CDT was evaluated using Cahn et al.’s method and non-cognitive characteristics were compared between participants with and without CDT errors. The non-cognitive characteristics compared included normal and maximum gait speeds, grip strength, muscle mass, and severity of white matter lesions. Participants with the CDT error type of conceptual deficit (CD; n = 58) had significantly slower normal and maximum gait speeds, and multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and sex revealed CD was significantly associated with the slowest tertile of maximum gait speed. No other non-cognitive characteristics were significantly associated with errors on the CDT.
Spirometry Has Added Value Over Electrodermal Activity as a Physiological Marker of Mental Load.
Authors: Neukirchen Tobias , Stork Moritz , Hoppe Matthias , Vorstius Christian 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The objective distinction of different types of mental demands as well as their intensity is relevant for research and practical application but poses a challenge for established physiological methods. We investigated whether respiratory gases (oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide output) are suitable to distinguish between emotional and cognitive demands. To this end, we compared the application of spirometry with an established procedure, namely electrodermal activity (EDA). Our results indicate that electrodermal activity shows a strong responsivity to emotional stress induction, which was highly correlated with its responsivity to cognitive load. Respiratory gases were both sensitive and specific to cognitive load and had the advantage of being predictive for cognitive performance as well as self-reported emotional state. These results support the notion that respiratory gases are a valuable complement to common physiological procedures in the detection and discrimination of different mental demands.
Inter- and Intra-observer Reliability of the “assessment of Motor Repertoire- 3 to 5 Months” Based on Video Recordings of Infants With PWS
Authors: Wang Jun , Shen Xiushu , Yang Hong , Shi Wei , Zhu Xiaoyun , Gao Herong , Yin Huanhuan , Meng Fanzhe , Wu Yun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe “Assessment of Motor Repertoire - 3 to 5 Months”, which is part of Prechtl's General Movement Assessment (GMA), has been gradually applied to infants with genetic metabolic disorders. However, there still have been no studies on the application of GMA for infants with Prader-Williams Syndrome (PWS).Aimsthe purpose of this study was to determine inter- and intra-observer reliability of the assessment tool in PWS population.Study designReliability and agreement study.SubjectsThis was a cross-sectional study of 15 infants with PWS born at average gestational age 38 weeks.Outcome measuresStandardized video recordings of 15 infants with PWS (corrected ages 3 to 5 months) were independently assessed by three observers. Kappa and ICC statistics were applied in inter- and intra-observer reliability analysis.ResultsThe overall reliability ICCs values of “Motor Optimality Score” (MOS) ranged from 0.84 to 0.98 and the regarding pairwise agreement ranged between 0.86 and 0.95 in inter- observe reliability. In addition, ICC values for MOS ranged between 0.95 and 0.98 for respectively testers agreement in intra-observer reliability.The complete agreement reliability (100%) was achieved in subcategories of “Fidgety Movements” and “Movement Character” for the inter- and intra-observer. Moderate to high inter- and intra-observer reliability were found in subcategories of “Repertoire of Co-Existent Other Movements”, “Quality of Other Movements” and “Posture”, with kappa values ranging between 0.63 and 1.00. Conclusionhere were high levels of inter-and intra-observer agreement in the “Assessment of Motor Repertoire - 3 to 5 Months” for infants with PWS. It will be possible to carry out standardized quantitative assessment on the motor performance infants with PWS.
The Tumor Microenvironment of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Immunosuppressed Patients
Authors: Glaun Mica , Gleber-Netto Frederico , Nagarajan Priyadharsini , Xie Tongxin , Covello Jennifer , Akhter Shamima , Adewale Adebayo , Baruch Erez , Wong Michael , Chu Emily , Tsai Kenneth , Flores Elsa , Migden Michael , Silverman Deborah , Goepfert Ryan , Ge Yejing , Sharma Padmanee , Allison James , Myers Jeffrey , Gross Neil , Amit Moran 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Nonmelanoma skin cancer is the most common malignancy and immunosuppression is a key risk factor. Despite the promising data demonstrating the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibition in the treatment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), most immunosuppressed patients are not included in immunotherapy trials due to the risk for toxicity and the lack of data regarding cSCC immune landscape in immunosuppressed patients. To characterize the specific alterations accounting for a diminished antitumor immune response in immunosuppressed patients, we used multispectral imaging on cSCC pathology specimens from immunosuppressed patients with age and stage matched immunocompetent controls. We show that densities of CD68+ cells are diminished in immunosuppressed patients. Moreover, using an organ transplant recipient cohort from two cancer centers, we found significantly lower effector T-cells densities as compared with controls. Overall, density of CD68+ and CD8+LAG3+ cells were predictors of disease-specific and disease-free survival. These findings provide insight into the patterns of immune infiltrating cells in patients with different types of immunosuppression; leading us to conjecture that different immune based therapeutic approaches may be needed to treat immunosuppressed cSCC patients.
Image-Free Handheld Robot for Total Knee Arthroplasty Improves Early Functional Recovery Compared with Conventional Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Matsumoto Kazu , Ogawa Hiroyasu , Yoshioka Hiroki , Nakamura Yutaka , Akiyama Haruhiko 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to examine whether it is advantageous in robotic-assisted TKA (RA-TKA) compared with conventional TKA throughout a 14 postoperative days (PODs). A total of 113 knees (100 patients) were reviewed and divided into the control group (55 knees) and the RA-TKA group (58 knees). We assessed postoperative pain intensity using a visual analogue scale at rest (rVAS) and during movement (mVAS), evaluated lower extremity functional recovery through quadriceps muscle strength and knee range of motion (ROM), preoperatively and on PODs 3, 7, 10, and 14. We also assessed the rescue analgesia intake and postoperative implant coronal alignment. The mean rVAS and mVAS scores did not differ significantly between the two groups. Muscle strength recovery was significantly faster in the RA-TKA group than in the control group on every PODs. ROM recovery was better in the RA-TKA group than in the control group on POD 10. The amount of postoperative analgesia was significantly lower in the RA-TKA group than in the control group. Attainment of a β angle <2° significantly better in RA-TKA. This study demonstrated better functional recovery in RA-TKA, particularly for muscle strength and ROM. RA-TKA reduced rescue drug intake and provided better implant positioning.
The Accuracy and Effectiveness of Automatic Pedicle Screw Trajectory Planning Based on CT Values: An in Vitro Osteoporosis Model Study.
Authors: Liu JiaBin , Zuo Rui , Zheng WenJie , Li ChangQing , Zhang Chao , Zhou Yue 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPedicle screw placement in patients with osteoporosis is a serious clinical challenge. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the screw trajectory has been positively correlated with the screw pull-out force, while the CT value has been linearly correlated with the BMD. The purpose of this study was to establish an in vitro osteoporosis model and verify the accuracy and effectiveness of automated pedicle screw planning software based on CT values in this model.MethodsTen vertebrae (L1-L5) of normal adult pigs were randomly divided into a decalcification group and a control group. In the decalcification group, the vertebral bodies were decalcified with Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) to construct an in vitro osteoporosis model. In the decalcification group, automatic planning (AP) and conventional manual planning (MP) were used to plan the pedicle screw trajectory on the left and right sides of the pedicle, respectively, and MP was used on both sides of the control group. CT values of trajectories obtained by the two methods were measured and compared. Then, 3D-printed guide plates were designed to assist pedicle screw placement. A biomechanical instrument was used to measure the pull-out force of the trajectory obtained by the two methods.ResultsAfter decalcification, the T' value of the vertebral body decreased from -0.03 ± 1.03 to -3.03 ± 0.29 (P <0.05). In the decalcification group, the MP trajectory CT value was 2167.28 ± 65.62 Hu, the AP trajectory CT value was 2723.96 ± 165.83 Hu, and the MP trajectory CT value in the control group was 2242.94 ± 25.80 Hu (P<0.05). In the decalcified vertebrae, the screw pull-out force of the MP group was 48.6% lower than that of the control group (P <0.05). The pull-out force of the AP trajectory was 44.7% higher than that of the MP trajectory (P <0.05) and reached 97.4% of the MP trajectory in the control group (P >0.05).ConclusionAutomatic planning of the pedicle screw trajectory based on the CT value can obtain a higher screw pull-out force, which is a valuable new method of pedicle screw placement in osteoporotic vertebral bodies.
Effects of rhBMP-2 Loaded Hydroxyapatite Granules/beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Hydrogel (HA/β-TCP hydrogel) Composite on a Rat Model of Coccygeal Intervertebral Fusion.
Authors: Nakagawa Shinichi , Okada Rintaro , Kushioka Junichi , Kodama Joe , Tsukazaki Hiroyuki , Bal Zeynep , Tateiwa Daisuke , Ukon Yuichiro , Hirai Hiromasa , Makino Takahiro , Takenaka Shota , Okada Seiji , Kaito Takashi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The effects and inflammation-related side effects of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 on posterior lumbar interbody fusion are controversial. One of the potential causes for the inconsistent results is the uncontrolled release of BMP-2 from the collagen carrier. Therefore, BMP delivery systems which support effective bone regeneration while attenuating side effects are strongly sought for. We developed NOVOSIS putty (NP), a novel composite material of hydroxyapatite (HA), beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)-hydrogel, and BMP-2, which can sustainably release BMP-2 over two weeks. This study investigated the effects and side effects of NP compared with those of collagen sponge (CS) containing BMP-2 using a rat coccygeal intervertebral fusion model. The fusion rates of NP with low and high doses of BMP-2 were significantly higher than those of an iliac bone (IB) graft, but those of CS with low and high doses of BMP-2 were not different from those of the IB graft. Furthermore, the incidences of ectopic bone formation and soft tissue swelling were significantly lower in the NP group than in the CS group. The HA/β-TCP hydrogel carrier enabled superior bone induction with low-dose BMP-2 and decreased the incidence of side effects caused by high-dose BMP-2 compared with that of the collagen carrier.
New Putative Long Non-Coding RNAs (lncRNA) Revealed by Pan-Transcriptome of the Emerging Human Pathogenic Fungus Talaromyces Marneffei
Authors: Barbosa David Aciole , Simeone Alexandre Santos , Humberto Ana Carolina , de Maria Yara Natercia Lima Faustino , de Oliveira Regina Costa , Jabes Daniela L. , Nunes Luiz R. , Menegidio Fabiano Bezerra 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Previous genomic/transcriptomic analyses of Talaromyces marneffei (TM) unravelled relevant pathogenicity-related elements, as well as chromosomal regions potentially involved with the production of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which have been parsimoniously reported in fungi. This manuscript describes a comprehensive pan-transcriptome assembly for TM that identifies a series of previously undetected genetic elements in this emerging pathogenic fungus. Our results confirm that ~58.28% of the 9,480 genes currently annotated in the TM genome are, in fact, transcribed in vivo and that ~23.6% of them may display alternative isomorphs. Moreover, we identified 585 transcripts that do not match any gene currently mapped in the genome, represented by 90 coding transcripts and 140 ncRNAs, including 48 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Overall, we expect that the novel elements described herein may contribute to improve the currently available Talaromyces databases and foster studies aiming at characterizing lncRNA-mediated gene expression control in fungi.
Genome-Wide Identification of Chicken Bursae of Fabricius miRNAs in Response To Very Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus
Authors: Huang Xuewei , Li Yue , Wang Xiaona , Zhang Junyan , Wang Li , Zhou Han , Jiang Yanping , Cui Wen , Qiao Xinyuan , Li Yijing , Tang Lijie 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) can cause a highly contagious immunosuppressive disease in young chickens, resulting in considerable economic losses to the poultry industry. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators of gene expression and are involved in the pathogenesis of IBDV infection. To investigate the roles of miRNA in chicken bursae of Fabricius in response to very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) infection, RNA sequencing was performed. For this, we established an IBDV infection model as observed using histopathology, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), viral load detection, and cytokine expression levels. In total, 77 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were identified, of which 42 were upregulated and 35 were downregulated. A gene ontology analysis showed that genes associated with cellular processes, cells, and binding were enriched, and pathway analyses suggested that axon guidance, tight junctions, and endocytosis may be activated following vvIBDV infection. Moreover, we predicted the target genes of DE miRNAs and constructed an miRNA-mRNA regulatory network. In total, 189 pairs of miRNA-target genes were identified, comprising 67 DE miRNAs and 73 mRNAs. In this network, gga-miR-1684b-3p was identified with the highest fold change, and gga-miR-1788-3p and gga-miR-3530-5p showed a high degree of change, suggesting that they play vital roles in vvIBDV-host interactions. This study is the first to perform a comprehensive analysis of DE miRNAs in the bursa of Fabricius in response to vvIBDV infection, and it provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying vvIBDV infection and pathogenesis.
Continuous Deterioration of Glucose Metabolism in Treatment-Naive Male Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Treated with Tenofovir Plus Lamivudine Plus Efavirenz for 156 Weeks
Authors: Liu Dafeng , Zhang Xinyi , Zhou Ruifeng , Cai Lin , Yan Dongmei , Lan Lijuan , He Shenghua , Tang Hong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Introduction: The dynamic characteristics of glucose metabolism and its risk factors in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) accepted primary treatment with the efavirenz (EFV) plus lamivudine (3TC) plus tenofovir (TDF) (EFV+3TC+TDF) regimen are unclear and warrant investigation.Methods: This study was designed using follow-up study. Sixty-one male treatment-naive PLWH were treated with EFV+3TC+TDF regimen for 156 weeks. The glucose metabolism dynamic characteristics, the main risk factors and the differences among the three CD4+ count groups were analyzed.Result: In treatment-naive male PLWH who accepted treatment with the EFV+3TC+TDF regimen for 156 weeks, a continuous increase in the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level, the rate of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level were found. These changes were not due to insulin resistance but rather to significantly reduced islet β cell function, according to the homeostasis model assessment of β cell function (HOMA-β). Moreover, the lower the baseline CD4+ T cell count was, the higher the FPG level and the lower the HOMA-β value. Furthermore the main risk factors for the FPG levels were the CD3+CD8+ cell count and viral load (VL), and the factors contributing to the HOMA-β values were the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level, VL and CD3+CD8+ cell count.Conclusions: These findings provide guidance to clinicians who are monitoring FPG levels closely and are concerned about IFG and decreased islet β cell function during ART with the EFV+3TC+TDF regimen for long-term application.