bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advantages of a developmental psychopathology approach to studying the antecedents of physical health
Authors: Doom Jenalee R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough the field of developmental psychopathology has traditionally focused on mental health, there has been increasing interest in exploring how psychological and developmental factors are associated with physical health. I argue that the principles of developmental psychopathology may be particularly useful for understanding physical health across development. I discuss how researchers can apply the following developmental psychopathology principles to the study of physical health: (a) dimensional measurement of stress exposure, (b) the multifaceted nature of risk and resilience, (c) focus on processes and pathways, and (d) lifespan development and intergenerational effects. I provide several future directions and considerations for work in this area, many of which are consistent with the new goals of Infant and Child Development.
Reductive dissolution of phosphorus associated with iron‐oxides during saturation in agricultural soil profiles
Authors: Smith Genevieve J. , McDowell Richard W. , Condron Leo M. , Daly Karen , Ó hUallacháin Daire , Fenton Owen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn soils with a fragipan or poor permeability, water may remain in a soil profile long enough to make it anoxic and reductive. The reductive dissolution of iron (Fe)‐ and manganese (Mn)‐oxides can release associated phosphorus (P). Therefore, the dissolved P would be vulnerable to subsurface flow and could contaminate nearby streams. It was hypothesized that single rainfall events could cause subsurface P concentrations to increase via reductive dissolution in wet winter‐spring conditions. Also, dissolution—being microbially mediated—would be buffered by the presence of nitrate (NO3–), which is preferred as an electron acceptor over Fe and Mn in microbial reactions. Unsaturated zone monitoring occurred from May to September in 2017 and 2019, using Teflon suction cups below the surface of a grassland soil in New Zealand. Events in July and August in 2017 and 2019 resulted in reducing conditions [Fe(III)/sulfate‐reducing] and up to 77 and 96% greater P and Fe release, respectively. In an additional experiment in 2019, 100 mm of flood irrigation was applied, and 10 mg NO3––N + carbon was injected into half the cups at the site. The other cups received no N. Cups treated with N yielded up to 45% total dissolved P and 21% less Fe than the no‐N cups. A laboratory incubation of soils from the site confirmed that NO3– inhibited P release. This effect may act to decrease the amount of P lost in subsurface flow in systems regularly fertilized with N but should not be relied on as a method to mitigate P losses.
Arrdc4‐dependent extracellular vesicle biogenesis is required for sperm maturation
Authors: Foot Natalie J. , Gonzalez Macarena B. , Gembus Kelly , Fonseka Pamali , Sandow Jarrod J. , Nguyen Thuy Tien , Tran Diana , Webb Andrew I. , Mathivanan Suresh , Robker Rebecca L. , Kumar Sharad 
Published: June 2021

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are important players in cell to cell communication in reproductive systems. Notably, EVs have been found and characterized in the male reproductive tract, however, direct functional evidence for their importance in mediating sperm function is lacking. We have previously demonstrated that Arrdc4, a member of the α‐arrestin protein family, is involved in extracellular vesicle biogenesis and release. Here we show that Arrdc4‐mediated extracellular vesicle biogenesis is required for proper sperm function. Sperm from Arrdc4–/– mice develop normally through the testis but fail to acquire adequate motility and fertilization capabilities through the epididymis, as observed by reduced motility, premature acrosome reaction, reduction in zona pellucida binding and two‐cell embryo production. We found a significant reduction in extracellular vesicle production by Arrdc4–/‐ epididymal epithelial cells, and further, supplementation of Arrdc4–/– sperm with additional vesicles dampened the acrosome reaction defect and restored zona pellucida binding. These results indicate that Arrdc4 is important for proper sperm maturation through the control of extracellular vesicle biogenesis.
Real‐life evaluation of a COVID‐19 rapid antigen detection test in hospitalized children
Authors: Eleftheriou Irini , Dasoula Foteini , Dimopoulou Dimitra , Lebessi Evangelia , Serafi Eftihia , Spyridis Nikos , Tsolia Maria 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRapid antigen detection (RAD) tests for the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 are simpler, faster, and less expensive than the reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) that is currently considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). The objective of this study was to determine the performance of the PANBIO COVID‐19 Ag RAD (Abbott) test, a lateral flow immunoassay that detects the nucleocapsid protein, using as a reference RT‐PCR method the Cobas®8800 System (Roche Diagnostics). This prospective study was conducted in a tertiary Children's Hospital and included individuals aged ≤16 years with COVID‐19‐related symptoms or epidemiological criteria for COVID‐19. Two nasopharyngeal samples were collected to perform the PANBIO RAD test and RT‐PCR. Of 744 children included, 51 (6.86%) had a positive RT‐PCR result. The RAD test detected 42 of 51 PCR‐positive children while there were no false‐positive results. The overall sensitivity and specificity were 82.35% (95% CI, 71.9%–92.8%) and 100%, respectively. Sensitivity was >95% in symptomatic children. The assay performed poorly in asymptomatically infected children. In agreement with previous studies in adults, the PANBIO RAD test can be useful in screening for COVID‐19 in children admitted with symptoms suggestive of the disease, especially in the first days of the illness.
Phosphate sorption‐desorption properties in volcanic topsoils along a chronosequence and a climatic gradient on the Galápagos Islands
Authors: Rechberger Maria V. , Zehetner Franz , Gerzabek Martin H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPhosphorus (P) retention behavior in the soil is one of the main factors driving ecosystem productivity and changes strongly during soil weathering. Volcanic soils are known for their high phosphate (PO4) sorption capacity (PSC). However, the changes of PO4 buffering properties and fixation processes in the course of their pedogenic development are not fully understood.AimWe investigated the short‐term and longer‐term PO4 sorption‐desorption behavior in volcanic topsoils from the Galápagos Islands along a precipitation gradient (elevation sequence, 47–866 m asl) and a soil age gradient (chronosequence, 1.45–1070 ka) under humid climate.MethodsLabile P (Mehlich‐3, resin‐P), P desorption (resin‐desorbable P after 1 and 6 months incubation), PSC (sorption isotherms, equilibration time = 72 h) and sorption kinetics (4 h–62 days) were analyzed and compared against a broad range of topsoil parameters.ResultsSoils developed very high PSC within 4.3 ka of soil weathering (Langmuir Qmax = 18.2 g P kg–1) due to the development of amorphous soil constituents. As the colloidal fraction changed to 2:1‐type crystalline clays after 26 ka of soil weathering under humid climate, PSC declined rapidly, while labile P and resin‐desorbable P reached a maximum. In older topsoils (≥ 165 ka), acidification and prevalence of aluminium (Al) and iron (Fe) (hydr)oxides led to increased P sorption again. Along the elevation sequence, increased precipitation favored the formation of amorphous constituents, resulting in a steep increase of P sorption capacity (from 0.9 to 19.9 g P kg–1) from the arid lowlands to the very humid highlands.ConclusionAmorphous Fe and Al phases as well as Fe and Al bound to organic matter seemed to be the main driving factors for P sorption along the studied pedogenic gradients.
Depth‐related response of soil enzymes to cyanobacteria‐dominated crusts along a precipitation gradient
Authors: Zhang Ke , Li Mengmeng , Wang Kai , Gao Nan , Liu Dequan , Chen Yongle 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to elucidate the ecological role of cyanobacteria‐dominated crusts on soil enzymes activities along a precipitation gradient. Results showed that proteins and polysaccharides contents of cyanobacterial‐dominated crusts changed significantly among nine sample sites. Meanwhile, proteins and polysaccharides displayed a downward trend with increasing thickness and decreased with increasing mean annual temperature, while these two first increased, and then decreased with increasing chlorophyll a. The pronounced variations of polysaccharides and proteins could be explained by the shift in cyanobacteria species composition due to the discrepancy of succession stage at the regional scale. Activities of soil enzymes decreased with depth and varied significantly among sample sites. Redundancy analysis showed that soil enzymes activities in 0–2 cm were mainly explained by microbial biomass, polysaccharides, and soil organic carbon, and those in 2–5 cm were mainly influenced by microbial biomass and climate, while those in 5–10 cm were mainly affected by climate. The results highlighted the intrinsic involvement of microbes in shallower soil (0–5 cm) after the establishment of crusts and proved the effect of polysaccharides on surface soil (0–2 cm) enzymes activities. The strengthened effect of climate on soil enzymes activities in depths manifested the water availability and temperature would restrict soil microbial activity. Therefore, we concluded that the response of soil enzymes activities beneath the cyanobacteria‐dominated crusts is depth related. Overall, our findings will provide a better knowledge of cyanobacteria‐dominated crusts properties at the regional scale, and its effects on soil enzymes activities can replenish the understanding of cyanobacteria‐dominated crusts on biogeochemical processes.
Trend in the utilization of antenatal care during pregnancy among the adolescents in Bangladesh: Evidence from national survey data 2012/2013 and 2019
Authors: Ahmed Md. Sabbir 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionPregnancy during adolescence is a global health problem and the leading cause of maternal mortality. This study was aimed to explore the trends of the utilization of prenatal care or antenatal care (ANC) services during 2012/2013 and 2019, and to identify the factors associated with the use of ANC among adolescents in Bangladesh.MethodsThis study was based on the secondary data set of two consecutive surveys of Bangladesh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2012/2013 and 2019.ResultsThe prevalence of utilizing ANC among Bangladeshi adolescents is in increasing trend; however, as per WHO recommendation, the prevalence of utilizing 4+ ANC visits was very low in 2019 (34.1%), which was 26.2% in 2012/2013. Educational status of the adolescents, area of residence, household wealth status, administrative division, and status of watching television were independent predictors of receiving 4+ ANC visits among the pregnant adolescent girls in Bangladesh.ConclusionsThe status of ANC among Bangladeshi adolescents is still very low. Awareness building programs among adolescents and their family members through health education interventions should be taken.
Dynamic changes in size‐fractionated dissolved organic matter composition in a seasonally ice‐covered Arctic River
Authors: Lin Hui , Xu Huacheng , Cai Yihua , Belzile Claude , Macdonald Robie W. , Guo Laodong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractArctic rivers are sensitive to climate and environmental change, but the biogeochemical response remains poorly understood. Monthly size‐fractionated dissolved organic matter (DOM) samples from the lower Yukon River were characterized using UV–visible, fluorescence, and Fourier transform‐infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy techniques. The EEM‐PARAFAC analysis revealed three major fluorescent DOM components, including two humic‐like components (C480 and C400) and one protein‐like component (C310), with their relative importance following the order of C480 ≥ C400 > C310 in the high‐molecular‐weight DOM (1 kDa–0.4 μm) and C400 > C480 > C310 in the low‐molecular‐weight DOM pool (< 1 kDa). Transformation in DOM and change in sources were manifested in major fluorescent components and optical properties, including biological index (BIX), humification index (HIX), spectral slope (S275–295) and specific UV absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA254). These changes occurred within different DOM size‐fractions and among ice‐covered, spring freshet, and open seasons. Joint analysis of EEM and FT‐IR spectra using a data fusion technique showed that humic‐like DOM is mostly associated with C─H, C═C, and C─O bonds, while protein‐like DOM is correlated more with C─N and N─H related structures. DOM aromaticity and the ratios of HIX to BIX and protein‐like to humic‐like components may be used as a compelling proxy to measure change in source waters and to infer permafrost dynamics. Our results provide insight into the seasonal variation in DOM composition for different size‐fractions in the lower Yukon River, and a baseline dataset against which future changes can be understood in the context of arctic basin biogeochemical cycling.
A tribo‐dynamic model for point contacts under lubrication
Authors: Pei Xin , Pu Wei , Wang Zhong Zheng , Yang Jialong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study proposes a tribo‐dynamic model for point contacts under lubrication, focusing on the excitations caused by surface movement, defect and load impact. Surface movement and load impact can cause changes in contact force, resulting in acceleration and dynamic displacement, which may affect the flow of the lubricant. The traditional lubrication model is usually steady or transient, and load balance is used to correct the normal height, ignoring a series of influences such as the mass, stiffness and damping. It requires repeated corrections to obtain a balanced position, which is very time‐consuming. By combining tribology and dynamics, dynamic excitation is introduced in the contact process in this study. After determining the initial value, the normal height can be directly obtained from the dynamic equation. Besides, a comparison between the tribo‐dynamic model and the steady‐state model is presented. It is found that the film thickness and pressure distribution calculated by the two models are almost the same at medium and low speeds, while the calculation results of the two models are different at high speed or under load impact, which emphasises the importance of considering the dynamic behaviour in the study of contacts.
31P‐MRS of healthy human brain: Measurement of guanosine diphosphate mannose at 7 T
Authors: Ren Jimin , Sherry A. Dean 
Published: June 2021

Guanosine diphosphate mannose (GDP‐Man) is the donor substrate required for mannosylation in the synthesis of glycoproteins, glycolipids and the newly discovered glycoRNA. Normal GDP‐Man biosynthesis plays a crucial role in support of a variety of cellular functions, including cell recognition, cell communication and immune responses against viruses. Here, we report the detection of GDP‐Man in human brain for the first time, using 31P MRS at 7 T. The presence of GDP‐Man is evidenced by the detection of a weak 31P doublet at −10.7 ppm that can be assigned to the phosphomannosyl group (Pβ) of the GDP‐Man molecule. This weak but well‐resolved signal lies 0.9 ppm upfield of UDP(G) Pβ‐multiplet from a mixture of UDP‐Glc, UDP‐Gal, UDP‐GlcNAc and UDP‐GalNAc. In reference to ATP (2.8 mM), the concentration of GDP‐Man in human brain was estimated to be 0.02 ± 0.01 mM, about 15‐fold lower than the total concentration of UDP(G) (0.30 ± 0.04, N = 17) and consistent with previous reports of UDP‐Man in cells and brain tissue extracts measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The reproducibility of the measured GDP‐Man between test and 2‐week retest was 21% ± 15% compared with 5% ± 4% for UDP(G) (N = 7). The measured concentrations of GDP‐Man and UDP(G) are linearly correlated ([UDP(G)] = 4.3 [GDP‐Man] + 0.02, with R = 0.66 and p = 0.0043), likely reflecting the effect of shared sugar precursors, which may vary among individuals in response to variation in nutritional intake and consumption. Given that GDP‐Man has another set of doublet (Pα) at −8.3 ppm that overlaps with NAD(H) and UDP(G)‐Pα signals, the amount of GDP‐Man could potentially interfere with the deconvolution of these mixed signals in composition analysis. Importantly, this new finding may be useful in advancing our understanding of glycosylation and its role in the development of cancer, as well as infectious and neurodegenerative diseases.
Is metoclopramide beneficial for the postpyloric placement of nasoenteric tubes? A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Ouyang Xin , Qu Rong , Hu Bei , Wang Yifan , Yao Fen , Lv Bo , Sun Cheng , Deng Yiyu , Chen Chunbo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundMetoclopramide is frequently prescribed as an adjuvant for the postpyloric placement of nasoenteric tubes (NETs). However, a recent meta‐analysis showed that metoclopramide was not beneficial in adults. Thus, this study aimed to reevaluate the effect of metoclopramide on the postpyloric placement of NETs.MethodsA systematic search of PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang data was conducted up to August 2020 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing metoclopramide with placebo or no intervention. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was used for the primary outcomes (the success rate of the postpyloric placement of NETs).ResultsSeven eligible RCTs that included 520 participants were identified. The results of the pooled effect sizes showed that metoclopramide significantly facilitated the postpyloric placement of NETs (relative risk [RR], 1.48; 95% CI, 1.11–1.97; P = .007; I2 = 37%). However, the risk‐of‐bias assessment and the TSA results indicated that the qualities of the RCTs and the sample sizes were insufficient to confirm the efficacy of metoclopramide. Further subgroup analysis revealed that successful postpyloric placement was more pronounced in studies in which spiral NETs were employed (RR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.41–2.43; P < .001; I2 = 0%). Additionally, overall adverse events were minimal.ConclusionsThe evidence accumulated so far was not strong enough to demonstrate metoclopramide's beneficial effects on the postpyloric placement of NETs. Further high‐quality, large‐sample RCTs are required to elucidate the effects of metoclopramide.
A consecutive‐interpolation polyhedral finite element method for solid structures
Authors: Ngoc Nguyen Hau , Chau Nguyen Khanh , Duy Nguyen Khuong , Xuan Nguyen Hung , Abdel‐Wahab Magd 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the use of a consecutive‐interpolation for polyhedral finite element method (CIPFEM) in the analysis of three‐dimensional solid mechanics problems. A displacement‐based Galerkin weak form is used, in which the nodal degrees of freedom (DOF) and their derivatives are both considered for the approximation scheme. Based on arbitrary star‐convex polyhedral elements using piecewise linear shape function, the present method can have the advantage of being applicable to complicated structures. Nevertheless, the proposed interpolation technique gives higher‐order continuity, greater accuracy with the same number of DOFs. The reliability and efficiency of the CIPFEM are proved by comparing the present results with those obtained by the consecutive‐interpolation for tetrahedral element (CT4), conventional linear FEM using polyhedral elements (PFEM), and tetrahedral elements (T4) through numerical examples. Cantilever beam, concrete corbel, and complex hollow concrete revetment block are considered to show the excellent performance of the present approach.
The molecular landscape of well differentiated retroperitoneal liposarcoma
Authors: Tyler Robert , Dilworth Mark P , James Jonathan , Blakeway Daniel , Stockton Joanne D , Morton Dion G , Taniere Phillipe , Gourevitch David , Desai Anant , Beggs Andrew D 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWell differentiated liposarcoma (WD‐LPS) is a relatively rare tumour, with fewer than 50 cases occurring per year in the UK. These tumours are both chemotherapy‐ and radiotherapy‐resistant and present a significant treatment challenge requiring radical surgery. Little is known of the molecular landscape of these tumours and no current targets for molecular therapy exist. We aimed to carry out a comprehensive molecular characterisation of WD‐LPS via whole genome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and methylation array analysis. A recurrent mutation within exon 1 of FOXD4L3 was observed (chr9:70,918,189A>T; c.322A>T; p.Lys108Ter). Recurrent mutations were also observed in Wnt signalling, immunity, DNA repair, and hypoxia‐associated genes. Recurrent amplification of HGMA2 was observed, although this was in fact part of a general amplification of the region around this gene. Recurrent gene fusions in HGMA2, SDHA, TSPAN31, and MDM2 were also observed as well as consistent rearrangements between chromosome 6 and chromosome 12. Our study has demonstrated a recurrent mutation within FOXD4L3, which shows evidence of interaction with the PAX pathway to promote tumourigenesis. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Anxiety, depression, and end‐of‐life care utilization in adults with metastatic cancer
Authors: Mossman Brenna , Perry Laura M. , Walsh Leah E. , Gerhart James , Malhotra Sonia , Horswell Ronald , Chu San , Raines Amanda M. , Lefante John , Blais Christopher M. , Miele Lucio , Melancon Brian , Alonzi Sarah , Voss Hallie , Freestone Lily , Dunn Addison , Hoerger Michael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveEnd‐of‐life care for patients with cancer is often overly burdensome, and palliative and hospice care are underutilized. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the mental health diagnoses of anxiety and depression were associated with variation in end‐of‐life care in metastatic cancer.MethodsThis study used electronic health data from 1,333 adults with metastatic cancer who received care at two academic health centers in Louisiana, USA, and died between 1/1/2011–12/31/2017. The study used descriptive statistics to characterize the sample and logistic regression to examine whether anxiety and depression diagnoses in the six months before death were associated with utilization outcomes (chemotherapy, intensive care unit [ICU] visits, emergency department visits, mechanical ventilation, inpatient hospitalization, palliative care encounters, and hospice utilization), while controlling for key demographic and health covariates.ResultsPatients (56.1% male; 65.6% White, 31.1% Black) commonly experienced depression (23.9%) and anxiety (27.2%) disorders within six months of death. Anxiety was associated with an increased likelihood of chemotherapy (odds ratio [OR] = 1.42, p = 0.016), ICU visits (OR = 1.40, p = 0.013), and inpatient hospitalizations (OR = 1.85, p < 0.001) in the 30 days before death. Anxiety (OR = 1.95, p < 0.001) and depression (OR = 1.34, p = 0.038) were associated with a greater likelihood of a palliative encounter.ConclusionsPatients with metastatic cancer who had an anxiety disorder were more likely to have burdensome end‐of‐life care, including chemotherapy, ICU visits, and inpatient hospitalizations in the 30 days before death. Depression and anxiety both increased the odds of palliative encounters. These results emphasize the importance of mental health considerations in end‐of‐life care.