bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphometric Analysis of Structural MRI Using Schizophrenia Meta-analytic Priors Distinguish Patients from Controls in Two Independent Samples and in a Sample of Individuals With High Polygenic Risk
Authors: Lancaster Thomas M , Dimitriadis Stavros I , Perry Gavin , Zammit Stan , O’Donovan Michael C , Linden David E 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is associated with structural brain changes, with considerable variation in the extent to which these cortical regions are influenced. We present a novel metric that summarises individual structural variation across the brain, while considering prior effect sizes, established via meta-analysis. We determine individual participant deviation from a within-sample-norm across structural MRI regions of interest (ROIs). For each participant, we weight the normalised deviation of each ROI by the effect size (Cohen’s d) of the difference between SCZ/control for the corresponding ROI from the SCZ Enhancing Neuroimaging Genomics through Meta-Analysis working group. We generate a morphometric risk score (MRS) representing the average of these weighted deviations. We investigate if SCZ-MRS is elevated in a SCZ case/control sample (NCASE = 50; NCONTROL = 125), a replication sample (NCASE = 23; NCONTROL = 20) and a sample of asymptomatic young adults with extreme SCZ polygenic risk (NHIGH-SCZ-PRS = 95; NLOW-SCZ-PRS = 94). SCZ cases had higher SCZ-MRS than healthy controls in both samples (Study 1: β = 0.62, P &lt; 0.001; Study 2: β = 0.81, P = 0.018). The high liability SCZ-PRS group also had a higher SCZ-MRS (Study 3: β = 0.29, P = 0.044). Furthermore, the SCZ-MRS was uniquely associated with SCZ status, but not attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), whereas an ADHD-MRS was linked to ADHD status, but not SCZ. This approach provides a promising solution when considering individual heterogeneity in SCZ-related brain alterations by identifying individual’s patterns of structural brain-wide alterations.
Brain amyloid burden, sleep, and 24-hour rest/activity rhythms: screening findings from the Anti-Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer’s and Longitudinal Evaluation of Amyloid Risk and Neurodegeneration Studies
Authors: Spira Adam P , Zipunnikov Vadim , Raman Rema , Choi Jiyoon , Di Junrui , Bai Jiawei , Carlsson Cynthia M , Mintzer Jacobo E , Marshall Gad A , Porsteinsson Anton P , Yaari Roy , Wanigatunga Sarah K , Kim John , Wu Mark N , Aisen Paul S , Sperling Reisa A , Rosenberg Paul B 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStudy ObjectivesTo examine in a subsample at the screening phase of a clinical trial of a β-amyloid (Aβ) antibody whether disturbed sleep and altered 24-hour rest/activity rhythms (RARs) may serve as markers of preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD).MethodsOverall, 26 Aβ-positive (Aβ+) and 33 Aβ-negative (Aβ−) cognitively unimpaired participants (mean age = 71.3 ± 4.6 years, 59% women) from the Anti-Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer’s (A4) and the Longitudinal Evaluation of Amyloid Risk and Neurodegeneration (LEARN) studies, respectively, wore actigraphs for 5.66 ± 0.88 24-hour periods. We computed standard sleep parameters, standard RAR metrics (mean estimating statistic of rhythm, amplitude, acrophase, interdaily stability, intradaily variability, relative amplitude), and performed a novel RAR analysis (function-on-scalar regression [FOSR]).ResultsWe were unable to detect any differences between Aβ+ and Aβ− participants in standard sleep parameters or RAR metrics with our sample size. When we used novel FOSR methods, however, Aβ+ participants had lower activity levels than Aβ− participants in the late night through early morning (11:30 pm to 3:00 am), and higher levels in the early morning (4:30 am to 8:30 am) and from midday through late afternoon (12:30 pm to 5:30 pm; all p &lt; .05). Aβ+ participants also had higher variability in activity across days from 9:30 pm to 1:00 am and 4:30 am to 8:30 am, and lower variability from 2:30 am to 3:30 am (all p &lt; .05).ConclusionsAlthough we found no association of preclinical AD with standard actigraphic sleep or RAR metrics, a novel data-driven analytic method identified temporally “local” RAR alterations in preclinical AD.
Spatial variability in tree-ring carbon isotope discrimination in response to local drought across the entire loblolly pine natural range
Authors: Lin Wen , Noormets Asko , King John S , Marshall John , Akers Madison , Cucinella Josh , Fox Thomas R , Laviner Marshall A , Martin Timothy A , Mcnulty Steve , Meek Cassandra , Samuelson Lisa , Sun Ge , Vogel Jason , Will Rodney E , Domec Jean-Christophe 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Considering the temporal responses of carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C) to local water availability in the spatial analysis of Δ13C is essential for evaluating the contribution of environmental and genetic facets of plant Δ13C. Using tree-ring Δ13C from years with contrasting water availability at 76 locations across the natural range of loblolly pine, we decomposed site-level Δ13C signals to maximum Δ13C in well-watered conditions (Δ13Cmax) and isotopic drought sensitivity (m) as a change in Δ13C per unit change of Palmer’s Drought Severity Index (PDSI). Site water status, especially the tree lifetime average PDSI, was the primary factor affecting Δ13Cmax. The strong spatial correlation exhibited by m was related to both genetic and environmental factors. The long-term average water availability during the period relevant to trees as indicated by lifetime average PDSI correlated with Δ13Cmax, suggesting acclimation in tree gas-exchange traits, independent of incident water availability. The positive correlation between lifetime average PDSI and m indicated that loblolly pines were more sensitive to drought at mesic than xeric sites. The m was found to relate to a plant’s stomatal control and may be employed as a genetic indicator of efficient water use strategies. Partitioning Δ13C to Δ13Cmax and m provided a new angle for understanding sources of variation in plant Δ13C, with several fundamental and applied implications.
Less Invasive Surfactant Administration (LISA) vs. Intubation Surfactant Extubation (InSurE) in Preterm Infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Pareek Prince , Deshpande Sujata , Suryawanshi Pradeep , Sah Love Kumar , Chetan Chinmay , Maheshwari Rajesh , More Kiran 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective
There has been an endeavor in recent years, to administer surfactant by minimally invasive techniques to neonates with surfactant deficiency. The objective of this study was to compare the need for intubation and mechanical ventilation after surfactant delivery, using Less Invasive Surfactant Administration (LISA) technique and Intubation SURfactant Extubation (InSurE), in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).

Methods
We conducted a pilot randomized control trial (RCT) at a tertiary care center over a period of 18 months. Preterm neonates with RDS (gestational age 28–36 weeks) were randomized to receive surfactant within 6 h of birth by InSurE or LISA. The primary outcome was need for intubation and mechanical ventilation within 72 h of birth. Infants were followed until discharge for adverse events and complications.

Results
A total of 40 infants were analyzed (20 in each group). There was no difference in the need for intubation and mechanical ventilation within 72 h of birth between the two groups [InSurE, 6 (30%) and LISA, 6 (30%), relative risk 1.0, 95% confidence interval 0.51–1.97]. About 15% of infants in both groups had adverse events during the procedure. There was no statistically significant difference in the rates of major complications or duration of respiratory support, hospital stay and mortality.

Conclusion
We found LISA to be feasible and equally effective as InSurE for surfactant administration in the treatment of RDS in preterm infants. Future larger RCTs are required to compare the efficacy and long-term outcomes of LISA with the standard invasive methods of surfactant administration.
Alternative Cosmetic and Medical Applications of Injectable Deoxycholic Acid: A Systematic Review
Authors: Liu Chaocheng , Li Monica K. , Alster Tina S. 
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND
Beyond submental fat reduction, injectable deoxycholic acid (DCA) has gained popularity in recent years for various minimally invasive lipolysis applications.

OBJECTIVE
To summarize and evaluate the evidence of off-label uses of injectable DCA.

METHODS
MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and CENTRAL were searched. The outcomes measured included applications of DCA, treatment regimen, and its efficacy. An overall success rate for each condition was calculated based on the improvement defined in the included studies.

RESULTS
Eleven studies evaluated the cosmetic use of DCA for excess adipose tissue on various anatomical locations. The outcomes were evaluated at time points ranging from 1 to 21 months post-treatment, with overall success rates over 85%. Eight case reports and series reported the success of using DCA treating lipomas, xanthelasmas, paradoxical adipose hyperplasia, fibrofatty residue of infantile hemangioma, piezogenic pedal papules, and HIV-associated lipohypertrophy. Although the preliminary efficacies were high, the overall recommendations for off-label uses are weak because of the lack of high-level studies.

CONCLUSION
The review emphasizes the diversity of injectable DCA as a minimally invasive technique for lipolysis. Further high-level studies demonstrating consistent treatment regimens and methods of evaluation are warranted to make more definitive recommendations regarding off-label DCA use.
Comparison of Survival Outcomes With/Without Adjuvant Radiation Therapy in Desmoplastic Melanoma
Authors: Lewis Gary D. , Guzman Anthony K. , Haque Waqar , McLellan Beth N. , Teh Bin S. 
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND
Desmoplastic melanoma (DM) is a rare variant of cutaneous melanoma with a high rate of local recurrence. Recent studies have indicated a potential benefit in local control with the addition of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT).

OBJECTIVE
This study sought to evaluate the outcomes of adjuvant RT for patients with DM.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The National Cancer Database was queried (2004–2015) for patients with newly diagnosed, nonmetastatic DM. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the adjuvant therapy they received: RT or observation. Statistics included multivariable logistic regression to determine factors predictive of receiving adjuvant RT, Kaplan–Meier analysis to evaluate overall survival (OS), and Cox proportional hazards modeling to determine variables associated with OS.

RESULTS
There was no difference in median OS between patients treated with RT when compared with patients observed (111.4 months vs 133.9 months, p = .1312). On multivariable analysis, older age, T stage ≥2, N stage ≥1, and no receipt of immunotherapy were associated with worse OS.

CONCLUSION
In this large study evaluating efficacy of adjuvant RT in DM, no overall survival benefit was observed among patients receiving adjuvant RT.
Safety of Laser Hair Removal in Patients Receiving Systemic Isotretinoin for Acne Vulgaris
Authors: Sarigul Guduk Sukran , Tukenmez Demirci Gulsen 
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND
A few reports on scar and keloid formation in patients receiving systemic isotretinoin have encouraged a conservative approach in which laser procedures are delayed during and 6 to 12 months after the completion of treatment.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the safety of laser hair removal with alexandrite, diode, and Nd:YAG lasers in patients receiving systemic isotretinoin treatment.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Fifty-two patients who underwent laser hair removal during isotretinoin treatment were retrospectively analyzed and compared with a control group for side effects.

RESULTS
There were 48 female and 4 male patients. The average isotretinoin dose was 33.7 mg/d. The average interval between the start of isotretinoin treatment and the first laser hair removal was 39.3 days. The mean number of sessions under treatment was 4.1. Three patients had temporary crusting, and 1 patient had a small area of temporary hypopigmentation. Five (9.6%) patients in the control group had crusting. The incidence of side effects was not significantly different between the 2 groups (p > .05). Neither patients in the isotretinoin group nor those in the control group experienced blistering, pigmentation, ulceration, and scar or keloid formation.

CONCLUSION
Laser hair removal is a safe procedure with alexandrite, diode, and Nd:YAG lasers in patients receiving systemic isotretinoin.
Forehead Movement Discrepancies After Botulinum Toxin Injections: A Review of Etiology, Correction, and Prevention
Authors: Walker Bridget , Hand Matthew , Chesnut Cameron 
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND
Forehead rhytides are a popular target for botulinum toxin injections, but neuromodulation of the frontalis can be fraught with complications because of its anatomic complexity and integral role in brow position and expressivity.

OBJECTIVE
This article explores common forehead movement discrepancies that can occur after neuromodulation of the frontalis, as well as how to correct and prevent them.

METHODS
A review of the literature was conducted and combined with clinical experience to examine underlying forehead anatomy, etiology and correction of forehead movement discrepancies, and important factors to consider before injecting the frontalis with botulinum toxin.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
Variable anatomy from person to person necessitates an individualized treatment approach to achieve the best cosmetic results and prevent the occurrence of forehead movement discrepancies.
Upper Margin of the Forehead Flap and Its Correlation With Aesthetic Results in Nasal Reconstruction in Fitzpatrick Skin Type III and IV Chinese
Authors: Yen Cheng-I , Yeow Jenny Yun-Jen , Chang Chun-Shin , Hsiao Yen-Chang 
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND
The forehead flap is one of the most commonly used methods for nose reconstruction.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the ideal upper margin of the flap in nasal reconstruction and its correlation with aesthetic results.

METHODS
From April 2013 to September 2017, 40 patients underwent nasal reconstruction involving the dorsum with a forehead flap. The authors hypothesized 5fdifferent levels as the position to place the upper margin of the forehead flap: (1) glabella, (2) level of the upper eyelid, (3) intercanthal line, (4) horizontal line between the keystone and intercanthal line, and (5) the keystone. Then they photoshopped the upper margins of the forehead flap at 5 different levels and designed a questionnaire. Nasal reconstructive plastic surgeons, medical practitioners, and people without medical backgrounds chose the most aesthetically pleasing photograph for every patient.

RESULTS
The questionnaire showed that the most aesthetically pleasing positions were located at glabella (n = 0), level of upper eyelid (n = 9), intercanthal line (n = 24), the line between keystone and intercanthal line (n = 6), and keystone (n = 1).

CONCLUSION
The authors suggest placing the upper margin of the forehead flap at the level of the intercanthal line in nasal reconstruction involving the dorsum to achieve the best aesthetic results.
Improvement in Quality of Life and Pain in Patients With Hidradenitis Suppurativa After Wide Local Excision: A Prospective Study
Authors: Dick Julika , Kröhl Verena , Enk Alexander , Hartschuh Wolfgang , Gholam Patrick 
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects patients' quality of life (QoL).

OBJECTIVE
To investigate changes in QoL in patients with HS after wide local excision (WLE) and to examine the level of pain, rate of postoperative complications, recurrences, and the time to complete wound closure.

METHODS
Fifty-five patients were enrolled in this prospective study. All patients underwent WLE of HS, followed by secondary wound healing. Dermatologic Life Quality Questionnaire, pain, and wound size were measured 1 day, 3 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery.

RESULTS
Dermatologic Life Quality Questionnaire and pain scores (mean ± SD) improved significantly (both p < .001) from 14.5 ± 7.3 and 3.7 ± 2.8 at baseline to 5.8 ± 6.9 and 0.8 ± 1.7, 6 months postoperatively, respectively. Wounds were closed completely by secondary intention after 4.4 ± 2.8 months. Sixteen patients (29.1%) experienced postoperative complications, local recurrences in the treated sites were observed in 11 patients (20%), and new lesions in untreated sites were observed in 5 cases (9.1%).

CONCLUSION
Wide local excision significantly improves patients' QoL and pain, and, given its low rate of recurrence and complications, should be considered as a first-line therapy, especially in patients with higher Hurley stages.
Mode of Action of RZL-012, a New Fat-Reducing Molecule
Authors: Blaugrund Eran , Gueta Racheli , Zernov Anton , Bloomenfeld Alon 
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND
RZL-012 (5-[3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl]-N,N,N-trimethylpentan-1-aminium chloride) is a novel investigational drug injected subcutaneously into fat tissues in patients with fat-related disorders (Dercum disease) or subjects seeking aesthetic changes.

OBJECTIVE
Preclinical studies were undertaken to understand RZL-012's mechanism of action.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The effects of RZL-012 were tested in vitro by measuring adipocyte cell killing, membrane integrity, cytosolic calcium, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). In vivo studies in pigs evaluated RZL-012's adipocyte killing effect and measured pig fat thickness in the injected areas.

RESULTS
RZL-012 triggered adipocyte cell killing with IC50 values ranging from 25 to 106 μM. RZL-012 demonstrated initial effects on membrane integrity and calcium levels with delayed alterations in MMP. Incubation of RZL-012 with nanoghosts increased membrane permeability, culminating in full membrane destruction. Analysis of injected areas in pigs revealed liponecrosis 24 hours after dosing followed by an inflammatory response and formation of fibrotic tissue. Three months after dosing, an 18% reduction in mean fat thickness was observed in RZL-012 treated pigs.

CONCLUSION
RZL-012 destroys adipocytes by directly disrupting cell membrane integrity. Replacement of dead fat tissue by fibrotic tissue enables healing and causes contraction of the injected area. These effects are translated into significant reduction in fat tissue volume.
Electronic Alcohol Screening and Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment for College Students With Increased Alcohol Use Risk
Authors: Lachance Sonya L. , Becker Ann M. , Zucker Donna M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study was to provide an understanding of the health care provider's perceptions and experiences with technology adoption in alcohol use disorder and clinical Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT).

Method
The study used an exploratory, multimethod strategy to gain a comprehensive understanding of facilitators and barriers to technology adoption in alcohol SBIRT in a primary care setting. However, although providers state that they understand the importance of screening patients for alcohol use disorder, only 15.4% of providers consistently screen. This study's primary aim was to gain insights of the study participants and what events or experiences help them with SBIRT adoption.

Results
The findings show a gap in the understanding of how to integrate behavioral health screenings in the primary care workflow using the electronic health record system. Providers want to do SBIRT in clinical care, yet time-constrained visits remain an issue.

Conclusions
Taking the time to map the workflow in advance of a practice change is a critical first step toward implementing it in a primary care setting. Time-constrained patient visits remain an ongoing problem and require novel methods to address issues, particularly in early identification of alcohol use disorder.
Internet Gaming Disorder in Children and Associated Factors and Parents' Opinions
Authors: Vayisoglu Sumbule Koksoy , Mutlu Meryem , Oncu Emine 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study is to determine internet gaming disorder (IGD) prevalence in primary grade students and the associated factors and parents' opinions about their children's gaming habits.

Materials and Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted between April 1, 2019, and June 1, 2019. In this study, 805 children's and parents' forms were analyzed. Participation rate was 94.5%. Data were collected using “Digital Gaming-Children's Form,” “Digital Gaming-Parents' Form,” and the “Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (IGDS9-SF).” Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and significance tests.

Results
The mean age of the students was 11.24 ± 1.243 years; 42.7% were male. The children's mean IGDS9-SF score was 16.83 ± 6.53. There were only 91 students with a score equal to or above the cutoff point of 36. The mean IGDS9-SF scores varied according to gender, grade level, family environment, and employment status of the father. Analysis of the students' gaming characteristics and mean IGDS9-SF scores showed that their mean IGDS9-SF scores varied depending on computer/phone/tablet gaming status, type of game played, type of connection, mode of connection, frequency of conflicts with parents, and whether families received help to regulate gaming behavior.

Conclusion
It is essential for a family to have information about games and talk to their children about the games they play to provide appropriate supervision. Providing families and children with counseling about digital games, IGD symptoms, and considerations by nurses during home visits can play an important role in preventing IGD.
Factors Influencing Smoking Decisions Among Older Korean American Men
Authors: Sin Mo-Kyung , Ro KumHee 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Cigarette smoking is highly prevalent among Korean American men. Although the nationwide anti-smoking efforts and American individualism-oriented cultural system seem to help some Korean American men stop smoking, many of them still smoke. Thus, it is necessary to understand factors influencing decisions to continue smoking or stop smoking among older Korean American men. We recruited a convenience sample of 24 Korean American men (12 current smokers, 12 former smokers) who were aged 55–79 years to participate in this qualitative study. Five focus groups and nine individual interviews were conducted. Thematic content analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data. Participants were older (mean age = 69 years) and have lived in the United States an average of 26 years. Average duration of smoking was 41 years among current smokers and 31 years among former smokers. Key themes influencing continuous smoking include stress relief, fear of side effects, difficulty stopping, smoking peers, and misbeliefs about lung cancer and smoking, whereas key themes for decisions to stop smoking include present health issues, family/physician/media recommendation, and smoking-restricted environments. This study reinforces the importance of culturally and age-relevant smoking cessation programs targeting smokers and their families. Future quantitative studies in different geographic areas can validate the study findings.