bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Wu-Wei-Gui-Shao decoction on complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis rats
Authors: Zhang Maoquan , Liu Baolong , Ji Zonghui 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To investigate the anti-rheumatic potential of Wu-Wei-Gui-Shao decoction (WGD) and its possible mechanism of action.
Methods: Adjuvant arthritis (AA) rats were established using complete Freund's adjuvant. The rats were then given different doses of WGD (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, for 28 days). The anti-arthritic effects of WGD were evaluated. Furthermore, the in vitro anti-arthritic effects of WGD and its related mechanisms were also determined in MH7A cells.
Results: WGD (100 - 400 mg/kg) exhibited significant anti-rheumatic properties after 28 days of treatment, inhibiting paw edema in AA rats, reducing arthritis score and thymus and spleen index, and inhibiting the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and the interleukin (IL)-6. In addition, the results of in vitro cell experiments also confirmed that WGD reduced the release of cytokines, as well as mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -2, -3, and -9.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that WGD can be further developed as a traditional Chinese medicine to treat rheumatic arthritis.
Keywords: Wu-Wei-Gui-Shao decoction, Complete Freund's adjuvant, Arthritis, Molecular mechanism, Traditional Chinese Medicine
Echinacoside attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in newborn mice via inactivation of NF- κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway
Authors: Fu Meijiao , Shen Tong , Yang Ying , Zheng Yaling , Zhong Lilin 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To investigate the effect of echinacoside (ECH) on acute lung injury (ALI) and the underlying mechanism of action.Methods: The ALI model was established through intranasal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Lung tissue damage was determined using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and lung wet-to-dry–weight ratio. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein concentration, cell count, and cytokine level were evaluated. Western blotting was used to determine protein expression level.Results: ECH attenuated lung tissue injury and lung wet-to-dry–weight ratio in the ALI model (p < 0.01). The total protein content and number of total cells, neutrophils, and macrophages increased in BALF of mice treated with LPS, but these increases were reversed by ECH treatment (p < 0.01). The levels of TNF-α and IL-1β increased in BALF and lung tissue of LPS-treated mice; however, ECH treatment decreased these changes (p < 0.01). In addition, ECH inhibited the activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) pathway in LPS-treated mice (p < 0.01).Conclusion: Echinacoside attenuates LPS-induced ALI via inactivation of the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway, making echinacoside a potential drug for the treatment of ALI.
Keywords: Echinacoside, Acute lung injury, Lipopolysaccharide, Nuclear factor-κB, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3
MiR-148a-3p suppresses the progression of gastric cancer cells through targeting ATP6AP2
Authors: Jin Xiaosheng , Cai Peipei , Shi Zhengchao , Ye Fangpeng , Ji Tingting , Li Rongzhou 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most frequent tumors with high mortality rate, worldwide. A proper understanding of the mechanism underlying its progression is required for its diagnosis and development of novel treatment option. MicroRNAs are associated with the development and advancement of different types of cancer, including GC. The current research was aimed at investigating the molecular and biological function of miR-148a-3p in GC development.Methods: A human normal gastric epithelial cell line, GES-1 (control) as well as four GC cell lines (NUGC-4, SNU-520, STKM-2 and MKN-74) were employed for the study. MiR-148a-3p and ATP6AP2 expression levels in GC cell lines were examined by RT-qPCR technique. Transfection procedure was used to upregulate miR-148a-3p expression in the MKN-45 cell line. MTT assay was utilized to evaluate cell viability in GC cell lines. The molecular interaction between miR-148a-3p and ATP6AP2 was predicted using bioinformatics system and the prediction was then validated by luciferase reporter assay.Results: Expression levels of miR-148-3p was low, whilst that of ATP6AP2 was high in GC cell lines. MiR-148a-3p overexpression resulted in the reduction of cell viability in GC cell lines. More so, it was confirmed that miR-148-3p, as a post-transcriptional regulator inhibited ATP6AP2 expression by having a negative association with it in GC cells. More so, ATP6AP2 was found to be a direct target of miR-148a-3p.Conclusion: Our results revealed that miR-148a-3p plays a crucial function in GC development through targeting ATP6AP2. This finding could be explored in the discovery of new therapeutic approaches for GC treatment.
Keywords: ATP6AP2, Cell viability, Gastric cancer, miR-148a-3p, Progression
Transição à democracia e os usos do passado recente para a legitimação de um novo regime político no México
Authors: Jacheta Riberti Larissa 
Published: January 2021

Este artigo pretende debater o processo de transição à democracia no México à luz das mudanças políticas e institucionais e da atuação dos movimentos sociais que permitiram a vitória de Vicente Fox nas eleições 2000. Nesse sentido, serão discutidos dois aspectos centrais desse processo: as reformas políticas empreendidas a partir da década de 1970 pelos governos priistas e as lutas sociais configuradas desde pelo menos 1960 e que tenham sido capazes de repercutir as pressões pela democratização do Estado, pela mudança político-partidária e pelo deslinde de responsabilidades das violações cometidas nas décadas anteriores. Assim, busca-se apreender como o candidato à presidência de oposição fez uso das demandas por verdade, memória e justiça reivindicadas por organismos de direitos humanos e familiares de mortos e desaparecidos para construir uma plataforma política e uma coalização entre diferentes setores ideológicos em nome do tão esperado “giro político”.
The Triumph of Left-wing Populism in Greece: Causes and Consequences
Authors: Demenko O. 
Published: January 2021

The article analyzes the reasons and consequences of the spread of the ideology of left populism in Greece. It has been established that the success of the SYRIZA Coalition of Left Radical Forces, which was in power in Greece during 2015-2019, was facilitated by a number of factors. The most important among them: the popularity of leftist ideas in the social and political space of Greece; the traditions of populism inherent in most of the country’s political forces; unbalanced fiscal policy, structural macroeconomic imbalances, low statistical reliability and significant government debt; the world economic crisis of 2008-2009; deterioration of social standards and demographic indicators, the spread of unemployment; negative impact of the migration crisis; the tough position of Greece’s creditors, on whom public opinion blamed the country’s socio-economic problems.
It is noted that the phenomenon of left populism in Greece was the fact that immediately after the victory in the elections, SYRIZA, sandwiched between the demands of creditors and the real state of the economy, abandoned radical left populist ideas and was forced to pursue a neoliberal economic policy. Already in 2016, the country returned to slow economic growth, and in 2018 the financial assistance program was completed. However, due to the failure to fulfill its own campaign promises, SYRIZA lost power in the 2019 elections and took a centrist place in the Greek political system. A significant merit of the SYRIZA Coalition of Radical Left Forces was the successful resolution of an almost thirty-year dispute with North Macedonia over the name of the latter.
The opinion is substantiated that for Ukraine the main conclusion from the analysis of the Greek events of the early XXIst century is the realization of the fact that the complex problems of a political and socio-economic nature that face our country do not have a simple and quick solution. To achieve success, Ukraine must consistently defend its own national interests, strengthen sovereignty and independence, and pursue a balanced budgetary and financial and economic policy.
Pentingnya Tongkat Didikan Dalam Pola Asuh Anak Berdasarkan Amsal 22:15 Sebagai Evaluasi Terhadap Permissive Parenting
Authors: Obet Nego  , Mondolu Debby Chirst 
Published: January 2021

Keluarga adalah kelompok sosial yang paling kecil, terdiri dari ayah, ibu dan anak. Keluarga merupakan kelompok sosial pertama dimana individu berada untuk mempelajari banyak hal penting dan mendasar melalui pola asuh dan binaan orang tua serta anggota keluarga lainnya. Orang tua mempunyai peran penting bagi pertumbuhan jiwa anak dan dalam meletakkan dasar-dasar kepribadian anak, sebab orang tua merupakan pendidik, pembimbing, dan pelindung bagi anak-anaknya. Oleh karena itu, pembimbingan orang tua terhadap anak haruslah yang alkitabiah. Salah satunya untuk mengatasi permasalah Permissive Parenting yang banyak terjadi di dalam rumah tangga. Dengan demikian, Amsal 22: 15 dinilai sangat tepat untuk menjadi landasan untuk menjawab kekeliruan pola asuh yang selama ini umum terjadi di keluarga-keluarga Kristen. Dalam tulisan ini, penulis akan membahas mengenai makna Tongkat Didikan dalam Pola Asuh anak berdasarkan Amsal 22: 15.
The family is the smallest social group, consisting of father, mother and child. The family is the first social group where individuals are to learn many important and fundamental things through parenting and fostering parents and other family members. Parents have an important role for the child's soul growth and in laying the foundations of the child's personality, because parents are educators, guides, and protectors for their children. Therefore, parental guidance for children must be biblical. One of them is to overcome Permissive Parenting problems that often occur in the household. Thus, Proverbs 22:15 is considered very appropriate to be the basis for answering the errors of parenting that have been common in Christian families. In this paper, the author will discuss the meaning of the Educational Stick in Parenting based on Proverbs 22:15.
Konstruksi Pernikahan Kristen Alkitabiah
Authors: Paath Jean , Zega Yuniria , Pasaribu Ferdinan 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRAK
Pernikahan adalah suatu kemitraan yang permanen yang dibuat dengan komitmen di antara seorang wanita dan pria. Ada dalam Alkitab, ”Dan sesudah itu Ia berkata, Itu sebabnya laki-laki meninggalkan ibu bapaknya dan bersatu dengan istrinya, maka keduanya menjadi satu. Jadi mereka bukan lagi dua orang, tetapi satu. Itu sebabnya apa yang sudah disatukan oleh Allah tidak boleh diceraikan oleh manusia”. Tujuan dalam tulisan ini tentang supremasi pernikahan Kristen pada Abad XXI agar semua yang percaya tidak menganggap remeh tentang pernikahan. Agar orang percaya tidak menyepelekan pernikahan kudus yang sudah di persatukan oleh adalah dan tidak merusak rencana Allah dalam hidup mereka. Asumsi dalam penelitian ini adalah Alkitab adalah firman Allah yang tidak bersalah karena diinspirasikan oleh Roh Kudus kepada para penulis. Firman Allah menjadi dasar dalam memperbaiki pernikahan pada Abad XXI. Untuk menyelesaikan persoalan tersebut, peneliti menggunakan metode deskriptif bibliologis dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Metode inilah yang dianggap paling sesuai oleh peneliti karena metode deskriptif memberikan gambaran lengkap dan natural akan suatu peristiwa dan fenomena yang terjadi.
ABSTRACT
Marriage is a permanent partnership made with a commitment between a woman and a man. It's in the Bible, "And after that He said, That's why a man leaves his father's mother and unites with his wife, then the two become one. So they are no longer two people, but one. That is why what has been united by God must not be divorced by humans ". The purpose in this paper is the supremacy of Christian marriage in the XXI Century so that all believers do not underestimate marriage. So that believers do not underestimate the holy marriage that has been united by is and does not damage God's plan in their lives. The assumption in this study is that the Bible is the innocent word of God because it was inspired by the Holy Spirit to the writers. God's Word became the basis for fixing marriages in the XXI Century. To solve this problem, researchers used a descriptive bibliological method with a qualitative approach. This method is considered the most appropriate by researchers because descriptive methods provide a complete and natural picture of events and phenomena that occur.
Use of simulation based technology in pre-clinical years improves confidence and satisfaction among medical students
Authors: Muhammad Bilal Mirza  , Anjiya Sulaiman  , Satwat Hashmi  , Samar Zaki  , Rehana Rehman  , Rozmeen Akbar  , Admin  
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective: To determine perception of medical students about learning from integrated simulated clinical skills sessions in Respiration and Circulation module of Year 1 undergraduate medical curriculum at Aga Khan University.
Subjects & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Centre for Innovation in Medical Education, Aga Khan University (AKU) from July 2018 to February 2019. Integrated clinical skills session involves use of a combination of live simulated patient and mechanical simulator to teach clinical skills. These sessions were conducted in Respiration and Circulation Module of MBBS Year I curriculum after which quantitative data was collected by a questionnaire that assessed usefulness of integrated clinical skills teaching method and confidence gained by students. The responses acquired were assessed on a Likert scale ranging from 1-5, (strongly agree -strongly disagree). Descriptive analysis was performed. A focused group discussion (FGD) with students and an in-depth interview with a facilitator conducting the clinical skills sessions was arranged. Simple verbatim transcription of FGD recordings and thematic analyses was executed.
Results: Quantitative analysis showed that more than 90% of the students believed integrated sessions were effective in acquiring the learning objectives and found them enjoyable and motivating. 80% expressed confidence that they had accomplished learning objectives and felt they have learned practical clinical skills. Qualitative analysis revealed that these sessions enhanced understanding of subject matter and student engagement during sessions.
Conclusion: Integrated clinical skills sessions improved student interest, engagement and promoted student confidence. It should be implemented in undergraduate medical teaching curriculum. Continuous...
PENGARUH EKSPOR IMPOR TERHADAP CADANGAN DEVISA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Cut Nova Rianda  
Published: January 2021

This study aims to analyze the amount of foreign exchange reserve in Indonesia. And the effect of exsports and imports on foreign exchange reserve in Indonesia. This data usade are secondary data derived from TheCentral Statistics Agency and Indonesian Banks. This research uses a quantitative analysis. Analysis to see whether the exsport and import factors significantly affect the foreign exchanges reserves in indonesia. Based on the regresion result in the know that exports have a positive and significant impact on Indonesian,s foreign exchange reserve while imports have a negative and significant impact on indonesian,s foreign exchange reserve.
KENDALA MEDIASI PERCERAIAN PADA MAHKAMAH SYARIAH DI PANTAI BARAT SELATAN ACEH TAHUN 2016 â€“ 2017
Authors: Amrizal Hamsa, MA  
Published: January 2021

Mediation is an alternative solution for a case that has been developing in the society. Mediation is seen as an effective and correct in solving a divorce case within the Shari'ah Court. The challenge faced by this method is the existing of mileage parties involved, judges who are too young (inexperienced), understand only in the local language, influence from the third party, lack of mediation skills, limited room for mediation to take place, overwhelming number of divorce cases to be handled, limited time for mediation as we as a compulsion to abide to the the procedure.
PERKEMBANGAN EKONOMI MAKRO PROVINSI ACEH MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Mikhral Rinaldi  
Published: January 2021

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat perkembangan ekonomi makro di provinsi aceh selama terjadinya pandemi COVID-19, data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan data sekunder yang sudah diolah yang di ambil melalui kajian kepustakaan dari berbagai sumber seperi Bank Indonesia dan Badan Pusat Statistik yang mengkaji ekonomi regional suatu wilayah/daerah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan bersifat kualitatif deskriptif yang menggunakan analisis terhadap data ekonomi makro provinsi aceh triwulan I dan triwulan II tahun 2020. Dalam penelitian ekonomi makro provinsi aceh menggunakan dua sisi yang di analisis berdasarkan data yang tersaji, yaitu sisi pengeluaran dan sisi lapangan usaha. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kinerja ekonomi makro provinsi aceh selama pandemi COVID-19 mengalami kontraksi yang signifikan. Ditinjau dari sisi pengularan, penyebab utama kontraksi yang terjadi dikarenakan defisit neraca ekspor antar daerah dan negatifnya ekspor luar negeri. Sementara itu dari sisi lapangan usaha, kontraksi ekonomi utama di sebabkan oleh menurunnya lapangan usaha perdagangan besar dan eceran dan lapangan usaha transportasi. Lapangan usaha pertanian, perikanan dan kehutanan juga mengalami kontraksi akibat berkurangnya aktivitas masyarakat selama pandemi COVID-19 dan terjadinya penurunan daya beli masyarakat.

Kata Kunci: Makro ekonomi, COVID-19
PENERAPAN GAMIFICATION BERBASIS ANDROID PADA SASARAN PROMOSI KESEHATAN DI RUMAH SAKIT: TINJAUAN LITERATUR
Authors: Vesdiana Vesdiana , Rahman La Ode Abdul 
Published: January 2021

Pendahuluan: Promosi kesehatan merupakan salah satu strategi untuk mengurangi angka kesakitan dan kematian. Berbagai inovasi telah dilakukan untuk menemukan strategi yang tepat dalam melaksanakan promosi kesehatan. Rumah sakit yang sebelumnya fokus kepada ranah kuratif dan rehabilitatif, melalui tuntutan akreditasi harus melaksanakan pengorganisasian promosi kesehatan. Pada era milenium, perkembangan teknologi sangat cepat, terjadi peningkatan jumlah pengguna smartphone. Permainan game menjadi hal yang menarik dari semua kalangan usia. Strategi promosi kesehatan belum berjalan dengan optimal di Rumah Sakit, perlu metode yang efektif dan menyenangkan. Tujuan untuk memberikan gambaran dan gagasan dari hasil literature review tentang kemungkinan penerapan strategi promosi kesehatan di rumah sakit dengan metode gamification.
Metode: Dengan melakukan kajian literatur terhadap jurnal jurnal pilihan.
Hasil: Dari hasil telaah dan review 10 jurnal pilihan,didapatkan bahwa guna mengembangkan strategi promosi kesehatan , gamification merupakan metode yang perlu dikembangkan dan diaplikasikan.
Kesimpulan: Gamification dapat menjadi pilihan metode promosi kesehatan rumah sakit sesuai dengan perkembangan teknologi.
Evaluation of tuberculosis Infection control Strategies at the Philippine General Hospital
Authors: Agustin Ruth Divine D. , Lucero Josephine Anne C. , Berba Regina P. 
Published: January 2021

Background. Nosocomial TB transmission adversely affects inpatients and healthcare workers (HCWs). HCWs have a higher risk of tuberculosis and MDR-TB compared to the general population. Nosocomial TB outbreaks have occurred among patients with HIV/AIDS. Hospitals need to examine TB infection control measures in order to address this growing concern.
Objective. This study aimed to evaluate the TB infection control strategies in the adult service wards of the Philippine General Hospital (PGH).
Methods. This descriptive study was conducted on adult inpatients with bacteriologically-confirmed PTB admitted in April-August 2016. A data collection tool based on Center for Disease Control (CDC) guidelines was utilized for chart review. Baseline characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and isolation intervals were obtained and compared between areas. In-hospital TB infection control practices were reviewed using the CDC TB Risk Assessment Worksheet with data from the TB-DOTS, UP Health Service, PGH Hospital Infection Control Unit, and PGH Department of Laboratories.
Results. Of the 95 patients with bacteriologically-confirmed PTB, data from 72 medical records were available and included in the analysis. Majority were Medicine patients (55.6%) with a diagnosis of pneumonia (52.8%). Only 61.1% were PTB suspects on admission. The mean diagnosis interval was 5.82 days±5.473, the mean treatment interval was 0.77 days±2.941, and the mean isolation interval was 8.23 days±6.372. Only 41.7% were successfully isolated. The most common reasons for isolation failure/delay were lack of vacancy (ER, Medicine wards) and lack of isolation room (Surgical wards). Treatment initiation rate was 66.7% while TB-DOTS inpatient referral rate was 55.6%. The hospital is classified as having potential ongoing transmission of PTB.
Conclusion. In this study, TB treatment was promptly started but there were delays in diagnosis and isolation. Gaps included 1) lack of recognition of a PTB case, 2) limited isolation rooms, and 3) inadequate utilization of TB-DOTS. TB infection control measures need to be strengthened in order to prevent nosocomial transmission of PTB.
Enabling Factors, Hindrances, and Self-perceived Level of Preparedness of Typhoon Haiyan Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Responders
Authors: Lam Hilton Y. , Gundran Carlos Primero D. , Lopez Jaifred Christian F. , Santamaria Emelia B. , Tuazon Anna Cristina A. , Tayao Lotgarda 
Published: January 2021

Background. Despite the implementation of policies related to disaster risk reduction and management in the Philippines, the response after Typhoon Haiyan in November 2013 was hampered by operational challenges.
Objective. The purpose of this study was to document disaster response experiences of Typhoon Haiyan from field level emergency medical service (EMS) responders, a key component of the disaster response, specifically the enabling factors and hindrances to disaster medical response activities, including their self-perceived level of preparedness in these activities.
Methods. In this mixed-methods study, 52 respondents identified enabling factors and hindrances to their disaster response and their corresponding self-perceived level of preparedness. In a subsequent focus group discussion, the researchers used the nominal group technique to process the respondents’ experiences.
Results. The respondents identified factors that enabled or hindered their response activities such as coordination, stress debriefing, infrastructure, and preparedness. Furthermore, an average of 33% of the respondents said they were adequately prepared to deliver the necessary medical services during the disaster response, thus validating previous studies on preparedness and disaster response operations.
Conclusion. The government should critically examine its cluster approach to disaster response and consider an integrated, inclusive, and proactive approach in disaster planning.