bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OsPSKR15, a phytosulfokine receptor from rice enhances abscisic acid response and drought stress tolerance
Authors: Nagar Preeti , Sharma Namisha , Jain Muskan , Sharma Gauri , Prasad Manoj , Mustafiz Ananda 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAbscisic acid (ABA) is a major phytohormone that acts as stimuli and plays an important role in plant growth, development, and environmental stress responses. Membrane‐localized receptor‐like kinases (RLKs) help to detect extracellular stimuli and activate downstream signaling responses to modulate a variety of biological processes. Phytosulfokine receptor (PSKR), a Leu‐rich repeat (LRR)‐RLK, has been characterized for its role in growth, development and biotic stress. Here, we observed that OsPSKR15, a rice PSKR, was upregulated by ABA in Oryza sativa. We demonstrated OsPSKR15 is a positive regulator in plant response to ABA. Ectopic expression of OsPSKR15 in Arabidopsis thaliana increased the sensitivity to ABA during germination, growth and stomatal closure. Consistently, the expression of ABA‐inducible genes was significantly upregulated in these plants. OsPSKR15 also regulated reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐mediated ABA signaling in guard cells, thereby governing stomatal closure. Furthermore, the constitutive expression of OsPSKR15 enhanced drought tolerance by reducing the transpirational water loss in Arabidopsis. We also reported that OsPSKR15 directly interacts with AtPYL9 and its orthologue OsPYL11 of rice through its kinase domain in the plasma membrane and nucleus. Altogether, these results reveal an important role of OsPSKR15 in plant response toward abiotic stress in an ABA‐dependent manner.
The Efficiency of U.S. Public Space Utilization During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Benzell Seth G. , Collis Avinash , Nicolaides Christos 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has called for and generated massive novel government regulations to increase social distancing for the purpose of reducing disease transmission. A number of studies have attempted to guide and measure the effectiveness of these policies, but there has been less focus on the overall efficiency of these policies. Efficient social distancing requires implementing stricter restrictions during periods of high viral prevalence and rationing social contact to disproportionately preserve gatherings that produce a good ratio of benefits to transmission risk. To evaluate whether U.S. social distancing policy actually produced an efficient social distancing regime, we tracked consumer preferences for, visits to, and crowding in public locations of 26 different types. We show that the United States’ rationing of public spaces, postspring 2020, has failed to achieve efficiency along either dimension. In April 2020, the United States did achieve notable decreases in visits to public spaces and focused these reductions at locations that offer poor benefit‐to‐risk tradeoffs. However, this achievement was marred by an increase, from March to April, in crowding at remaining locations due to fewer locations remaining open. In December 2020, at the height of the pandemic so far, crowding in and total visits to locations were higher than in February, before the U.S. pandemic, and these increases were concentrated in locations with the worst value‐to‐risk tradeoff.
Shedding light on incidence and burden of physeal injuries in a youth elite football academy: A 4‐season prospective study
Authors: Materne Olivier , Chamari Karim , Farooq Abdulaziz , Tabben Montassar , Weir Adam , Holmich Per , Bahr Roald , Greig Matt , McNaughton Lars R. 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionPhyseal injuries have been overlooked in epidemiological research in youth sports. Our prospective study investigated the incidence, severity, and burden of physeal injuries in a youth elite football academy.MethodsIn total, 551 youth male football players from under‐9 to under‐19 were included and observed over four consecutive seasons. Injuries involving the physis were diagnosed and recorded according to type, location, and diagnosis. Injury incidence (II), severity (days lost), and injury burden (IB) were calculated per squad per season (25 players/squad).ResultsThere were 307 physeal injuries: 262 apophyseal (85%), 26 physeal (9%), 2 epiphyseal (1%), and 17 other physeal injuries (5%) with 80% (n=245) causing time‐loss. The overall mean incidence of time‐loss physeal injuries was 6 injuries/squad‐season, leading to a total of 157 days lost/squad‐season. The U‐16s had the highest burden with 444 days lost per squad‐season [median: 20 (95% CI: 12–30) days; II: 10 (95% CI: 7.3.1–13.4)]. Apophyseal injuries of the hip–pelvis resulted in the greatest burden [median: 13 (95% CI: 10–17); II: 2.5 (95% CI: 2.1–3.0)]. Peak apophyseal injury incidence per body parts occurred in U‐11 for foot–ankle (II: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.0–4.9), U‐14 for knee (II: 4.5; 95% CI: 2.7–7.1), and U‐17 for hip–pelvis (II: 6.4; 95% CI: 4.2–9.3).ConclusionPhyseal injuries accounted for a quarter of all‐time loss with the largest injury burden in U‐16. Most physeal injuries involved the lower limb and affected the apophysis. Physeal and apophyseal injuries incidence, burden, and pattern vary substantially depending on age. Hip–pelvic apophyseal injuries accounted for the largest injury burden.
Lipid distribution on ethnic hairs by Fourier transform infrared synchrotron spectroscopy
Authors: Barba Clara , Oliver Marc Adria , Martí Meritxell , Kreuzer Martin , Coderch Luisa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundA synchrotron‐based Fourier transform infrared micro‐spectrometer (μ‐FTIR) allows the spatial determination of lipids across the different layers of ethnic hairs and differentiates between the lipid order arrangement and quantity.Materials and methodsThe three ethnic fibers were delipidized, the lipid extracts were characterized, and the delipidized fibers were studied by dynamic vapor sorption experiments (DVS) and FTIR‐synchrotron techniques.ResultsThe average spectra from the different hair regions exhibited the most intense CH2 sym peaks on the medulla, followed by those from the cuticle and cortex for all hairs of different ethnicities. Differences in the lipid fraction of the three hair types have been observed, and they can explain some barrier properties. African virgin hair was demonstrated to have more lipids mainly in the medulla, which implies an important hydrophobicity with low hysteresis between absorption and desorption water vapor processes. In addition, these lipids are highly disordered, mainly in the cuticle, which can be related to its high water vapor diffusion. Asian and Caucasian virgin hairs presented a similar lipid order in all regions, with similar diffusion coefficients. Results indicate that the higher order of the lipid bilayer hinders water permeation kinetics in some way.ConclusionThe differences in the presence and organization of the lipids in the different regions of the African hair can account for its differentiation with regards to moisturization and swelling from the other types of fibers.
BUILDING ENTHUSIASM AND OVERCOMING FEAR: ENGAGING WITH CHRISTIAN LEADERS IN AN AGE OF SCIENCE
Authors: Reid Lydia , Wilkinson David 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn popular culture, the relationship between science and religion has often been portrayed as one of “conflict.” The impact of the conflict thesis can be observed in church leaders’ hesitancy in talking about science and religion in the public domain, and it was this finding that inspired the project “Equipping Christian Leadership in an Age of Science.” The data presented in this article (collected during 2015–2018) are derived from two separate pieces of research carried out in the United Kingdom. The first consisting of a survey of over 1,000 church leaders and interviews with 20 senior church leaders and, the second, with a strategic focus on ministerial training composed of 12 interviews with church educators. This article reflects on the findings from both pieces of research—covering topics such as church leaders’ enthusiasm toward science, how church leaders view the relationship between science and religion and the role of compartmentalization in ministerial training.
Analysis of Improving Automatic Transmission Upshift Performance by Using Off-Going Clutch During Inertia Phase
Authors: Cvok Ivan , Ranogajec Vanja , Deur Joško , Zhang Yijing , Ivanovic Vladimir , Fujii Yuji 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The paper presents a detailed numerical and algebraic analysis of potential for improving the step ratio automatic transmission (AT) upshift performance by means of modulating the off-going clutch during the inertia phase. The numerical analysis is based on Pareto optimal frontiers obtained by using the previously developed methods for AT shift control trajectory optimization and piecewise-linear control profile parameter optimization, where the control objectives include minimization of shift time, vehicle root mean square jerk, and dissipated clutch energy. The analysis concerns the following control scenarios related to inertia phase: (1) oncoming clutch control only, (2) combined action of oncoming and off-going clutch, (3) oncoming clutch control extended with engine torque reduction control, and (4) combining all three control actions. The numerical results relate to an advanced 10-speed AT and various single-step and double-step upshifts, with emphasis on 1–3 shift. The numerical analysis results are proven algebraically based on a simplified AT model represented in bond graph form. The presented analysis shows that the off-going clutch can reduce either shift time or root mean square jerk index by introducing power recirculation via the two clutches, which is in turn paid for by certain increase of AT energy loss.
Symplectic Geometry of the Koopman Operator
Authors: Kozlov V. V. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We consider the Koopman operator generated by an invertible transformation of a space with a finite countably additive measure. If the square of this transformation is ergodic, then the orthogonal Koopman operator is a symplectic transformation on the real Hilbert space of square summable functions with zero mean. An infinite set of quadratic invariants of the Koopman operator is specified, which are pairwise in involution with respect to the corresponding symplectic structure. For transformations with a discrete spectrum and a Lebesgue spectrum, these quadratic invariants are functionally independent and form a complete involutive set, which suggests that the Koopman transform is completely integrable.
Use of home parenteral nutrition in severely neurologically impaired children
Authors: Ribeiro-Mourão Francisco , Bertaud Sophie , Brierley Joe , McCulloch Renee , Köglmeier Jutta , Hill Susan M 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveTo review the outcome of children with severe neurological impairment (NI) and intestinal failure (IF) referred to our specialist multidisciplinary IF rehabilitation service and to discuss implications.DesignCase report series, descriptive analysis.SettingIF rehabilitation programme at a tertiary children’s hospital in the UK.PatientsChildren with severe NI referred to our IF rehabilitation programme from 2009 to 2019.Main outcome measuresDemographic and social data, diagnosis, clinical condition, use of home parenteral nutrition (HPN), complications, ethics review outcome and advance care plans.ResultsSix patients with severe NI were referred to our IF rehabilitation service. Consent for publication was obtained from five families. After thorough medical review and clinical ethics committee assessment, three children started HPN, one had intravenous fluids in addition to enteral feed as tolerated and one intravenous fluids only. The HPN children survived 3–7.08 years (median 4.42 years) on treatment. Objective gastrointestinal signs, for example, bleeding improved without excessive HPN-related complications. Symptomatic improvement was less clear. Analgesia was reduced in three of the five children. All cases had detailed symptom management and advance care plans regularly updated.ConclusionsHPN can play a role in relieving gastrointestinal signs/symptoms in children with severe NI and IF. HPN can be conceptualised as part of good palliative care if judged to be in the child’s best interests. However, given its risks and that HPN has the potential to become inappropriately life-sustaining, a thorough ethics review and evaluation should be performed before it is initiated, withheld or withdrawn in children with severe NI.
Freedom within a cage: how patriarchal gender norms limit women’s use of mobile phones in rural central India
Authors: Scott Kerry , Shinde Aashaka , Ummer Osama , Yadav Shalini , Sharma Manjula , Purty Nikita , Jairath Anushree , Chamberlain Sara , LeFevre Amnesty Elizabeth 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionIndia has one of the highest gender gaps in mobile phone access in the world. As employment opportunities, health messaging (mHealth), access to government entitlements, banking, civic participation and social engagement increasingly take place in the digital sphere, this gender gap risks further exacerbating women’s disadvantage in Indian society. This study identifies the factors driving women’s unequal use of phones in rural Madhya Pradesh, India.MethodsWe interviewed mothers of 1-year-old children (n=29) who reported that they had at least some access to a mobile phone. Whenever possible, we also spoke to their husbands (n=23) and extended family members (n=34) through interviews or family group discussions about the use of phones in their households, as well as their perspectives on gender and phone use more broadly. Our analysis involved comparing wife–husband pairs to assess differences in phone access and use, and thematic coding on the determinants of women’s phone use using an iteratively developed conceptual framework.ResultsWhile respondents reported that women could use the phone without needing permission, this apparent ‘freedom’ existed in a context that severely constrained women’s actual use, most directly through: (1) narrow expectations and desires around how women would use phones, (2) women’s dependence on men for phone ownership and lower proximity to phones, (3) the poorer functionality of women’s phones; (4) women’s limited digital skills, and (5) time allocation constraints, wherein women had less leisure time and were subject to social norms that discouraged using a phone for leisure.ConclusionOur framework, presenting the distal and proximate determinants of women’s phone use, enables more nuanced understanding of India’s digital divide. Addressing these determinants is vital to shift from re-entrenching unequal gender relations to transforming them through digital technology.
Evaluating the impact of plain packaging among Canadian smokers: findings from the 2018 and 2020 ITC Smoking and Vaping Surveys
Authors: Gravely Shannon , Chung-Hall Janet , Craig Lorraine V , Fong Geoffrey T , Cummings K Michael , Borland Ron , Yong Hua-Hie , Loewen Ruth , Martin Nadia , Quah Anne C K , Hammond David , Ouimet Janine , Boudreau Christian , Thompson Mary E , Driezen Pete 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundIn February 2020, Canada implemented plain packaging without any changes to the size and content of health warning labels (HWLs), which were last updated in 2012 (pictorial HWLs on 75% of the pack front and back). This pre-post evaluation study assessed the impact of plain packaging in Canada on: (1) pack appeal; (2) HWL effectiveness; and (3) support for plain packaging. Additionally, a quasi–experimental design was used to assess the Canadian results relative to two comparator countries: Australia, where plain packaging (with new larger HWLs) was implemented in 2012, and the United States (USA), where plain packaging has not been implemented and the same text warnings have appeared on cigarette packs since 1985.MethodsData are from adult smokers who participated in the 2018 and/or 2020 International Tobacco Control Smoking and Vaping Surveys in Canada (n=4600), Australia (n=1834) and the USA (n=3046). Online surveys were conducted before (February to July 2018) and after (February to June 2020) the implementation of plain packaging in Canada. Adjusted regression analyses were conducted on weighted data.ResultsPlain packaging was associated with a significant increase in the percentage of Canadian smokers who did not like the look of their cigarette pack (2018: 28.6% vs 2020: 44.7%, p<0.001), whereas no change in pack appeal was observed among smokers in Australia and the USA over the same period. Plain packaging was not associated with changes in HWL effectiveness in Canada. Support for plain packaging increased significantly among Canadian smokers (2018: 25.6% vs 2020: 33.7%, p<0.001).ConclusionsPlain packaging in Canada substantially reduced pack appeal and increased support for the policy among adult smokers; however, there was no increase in the effectiveness of Canada’s 8-year-old HWLs. The impact of plain packaging on health warning effectiveness may depend on the design of the warnings and length of time since implementation.
Robot Selection Problem via Fuzzy TOPSIS Method Using Novel Distance and Similarity Measure for Generalized Fuzzy Numbers with Unequal Heights
Authors: Dutta Palash , Borah Gourangajit 
Published: September 2021

Background: Mega multinational companies are highly dependent on robots to handle the maximum of their machinery workload, which significantly reduces human labor and saves valuable time as well. However, as vital as the role of robots is, a much more challenging task is its selection. Moreover, the robots need to be evaluated on the grounds of different specifications and their ease of handling, which results in a smooth and work-efficient environment.Objective: The prime objective of this paper is to devise a fruitful decision-making model for a robot selection problem, which utilizes a multi-criteria decision-making method known as Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The TOPSIS method is based on the newly defined distance measure involving generalized fuzzy numbers with unequal heights (GFNUHs).Methodology/Approach: At first, we define a novel distance measure based on the “expected value” and “variance” of GFNUHs, where both the parameters are evaluated with the help of the [Formula: see text]-cut method. We then also give the expression for the distance-based similarity measure and investigate some of their properties. Both the distance and the similarity measure(s) are then validated for their effectiveness through a hypothetical case study of pattern recognition. Moreover, we consider 10 different bunches of generalized fuzzy numbers (GFNs) and present a comparative study with the already established measures to establish the efficiency and superiority of our proposed measures. Finally, the distance measure is deployed in the TOPSIS method, which facilitates suitable robot selection by an automobile company.Findings/Results: A comparison of results for the proposed distance measure and the similarity measure with the existing ones is presented which proves that the proposed measure(s) are effective and usable.Novelty/Value: The evaluation of expected value and variance of GFNUHs with the help of [Formula: see text]-cut technique is a completely original idea showcased in this paper and its improved version of TOPSIS for GFNUHs as discussed shall add a new direction in the realm of decision-making.
PHiLIP on the HiL: Automated Multi-Platform OS Testing With External Reference Devices
Authors: Weiss Kevin , Rottleuthner Michel , Schmidt Thomas C. , Wählisch Matthias 
Published: September 2021

Developing an operating systems (OSs) for low-end embedded devices requires continuous adaptation to new hardware architectures and components, while serviceability of features needs to be assured for each individual platform under tight resource constraints. It is challenging to design a versatile and accurate heterogeneous test environment that is agile enough to cover a continuous evolution of the code base and platforms. This mission is even more challenging when organized in an agile open-source community process with many contributors such as for the RIOT OS. Hardware in the Loop (HiL) testing and Continuous Integration (CI) are automatable approaches to verify functionality, prevent regressions, and improve the overall quality at development speed in large community projects.
In this paper, we present PHiLIP (Primitive Hardware in the Loop Integration Product), an open-source external reference device together with tools that validate the system software while it controls hardware and interprets physical signals. Instead of focusing on a specific test setting, PHiLIP takes the approach of a tool-assisted agile HiL test process, designed for continuous evolution and deployment cycles. We explain its design, describe how it supports HiL tests, evaluate performance metrics, and report on practical experiences of employing PHiLIP in an automated CI test infrastructure. Our initial deployment comprises 22 unique platforms, each of which executes 98 peripheral tests every night. PHiLIP allows for easy extension of low-cost, adaptive testing infrastructures but serves testing techniques and tools to a much wider range of applications.
Comprehensive Molecular Analysis of Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumors Reveals Diverse Genomic Landscape and Potential Predictive Markers for Response to Crizotinib
Authors: Lee Che-Jui , Schöffski Patrick , Modave Elodie , van Wezel Tom , Boeckx Bram , Sufliarsky Jozef , Gelderblom Hans , Blay Jean-Yves , Debiec-Rychter Maria , Sciot Raf , Bovée Judith V.M.G. , Lambrechts Diether , Wozniak Agnieszka 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) clinical phase II trial 90101 “CREATE” showed high antitumor activity of crizotinib, an inhibitor of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)/ROS1, in patients with advanced inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMFT). However, recent findings suggested that other molecular targets in addition to ALK/ROS1 might also contribute to the sensitivity of this kinase inhibitor. We therefore performed an in-depth molecular characterization of archival IMFT tissue, collected from patients enrolled in this trial, with the aim to identify other molecular alterations that could play a role in the response to crizotinib.

Experimental Design:
Twenty-four archival IMFT samples were used for histopathological assessment and DNA/RNA evaluation to identify gene fusions, copy-number alterations (CNA), and mutations in the tumor tissue. Results were correlated with clinical parameters to assess a potential association between molecular findings and clinical outcomes.

Results:
We found 12 ALK fusions with 11 different partners in ALK-positive IMFT cases by Archer analysis whereas we did not identify any ROS1-rearranged tumor. One ALK-negative patient responding to crizotinib was found to have an ETV6–NTRK fusion in the tumor specimen. The CNA profile and mutational landscape of IMFT revealed extensive molecular heterogeneity. Loss of chromosome 19 (25% of cases) and PIK3CA mutations (9% of cases) were associated with shorter progression-free survival in patients receiving crizotinib.

Conclusions:
We identified multiple genetic alterations in archival IMFT material and provide further insight into the molecular profile of this ultra-rare, heterogeneous malignancy, which may potentially translate into novel treatment approaches for this orphan disease.