bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chromosomal‐scale genome assembly of Eleutherococcus senticosus provides insights into chromosome evolution in Araliaceae
Authors: Yang Zijiang , Chen Shanshan , Wang Shufen , Hu Ying , Zhang Guanghui , Dong Yang , Yang Shengchao , Miao Jianhua , Chen Wei , Sheng Jun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSiberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus, also known as ciwujia) belongs to the Araliaceae family, which contains more than 1,500 species in 41 genera with diverse chromosome numbers and genome sizes. General consensus posits that ancient whole‐genome duplication events and rapid evolutionary radiation are the driving forces for this variation in genome properties. In an attempt to generate more genomic information for the Araliaceae family, we report a 1.30 Gb high‐quality draft genome assembly (contig N50 = 309.43 kb) of E. senticosus via PacBio long reads and Hi‐C chromatin interaction maps. We found that transposable elements accounted for 72.82% of the genome and a total of 36,372 protein‐coding genes were predicted. Comparative analyses of the E. senticosus, Panax notoginseng and Daucus carota genomes revealed a burst expansion of Tekay chromoviral elements in Araliaceae after its divergence with Apiaceae. We also found that E. senticosus underwent a lineage‐specific whole‐genome duplication event Es‐α and a whole‐genome duplication event Araliaceae‐β that was probably shared by all Araliaceae species. Even though the rediploidization of the E. senticosus genome is evident, pathway analyses show that these two whole‐genome duplication events may have contributed to the adaptation of E. senticosus to a cold environment. Taken together, the high‐quality genome assembly of E. senticosus provides a valuable genomic resource for future research on the evolution of Araliaceae.
Decision‐to‐delivery interval and neonatal outcomes for category‐1 caesarean sections during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Bhatia K. , Columb M. , Bewlay A. , Tageldin N. , Knapp C. , Qamar Y. , Dooley A. , Kamath P. , Hulgur M. ,   collaborators
Published: April 2021

SummaryGeneral anaesthesia is known to achieve the shortest decision‐to‐delivery interval for category‐1 caesarean section. We investigated whether the COVID‐19 pandemic affected the decision‐to delivery interval and influenced neonatal outcomes in patients who underwent category‐1 caesarean section. Records of 562 patients who underwent emergency caesarean section between 1 April 2019 and 1 July 2019 in seven UK hospitals (pre‐COVID‐19 group) were compared with 577 emergency caesarean sections performed during the same period during the COVID‐19 pandemic (1 April 2020–1 July 2020) (post‐COVID‐19 group). Primary outcome measures were: decision‐to‐delivery interval; number of caesarean sections achieving decision‐to‐delivery interval < 30 min; and a composite of adverse neonatal outcomes (Apgar 5‐min score < 7, umbilical arterial pH < 7.10, neonatal intensive care unit admission and stillbirth). The use of general anaesthesia decreased significantly between the pre‐ and post‐COVID‐19 groups (risk ratio 0.48 (95%CI 0.37–0.62); p < 0.0001). Compared with the pre‐COVID‐19 group, the post‐COVID‐19 group had an increase in median (IQR [range]) decision‐to‐delivery interval (26 (18–32 [4–124]) min vs. 27 (20–33 [3–102]) min; p = 0.043) and a decrease in the number of caesarean sections meeting the decision‐to‐delivery interval target of < 30 min (374/562 (66.5%) vs. 349/577 (60.5%); p = 0.02). The incidence of adverse neonatal outcomes was similar in the pre‐ and post‐COVID‐19 groups (140/568 (24.6%) vs. 140/583 (24.0%), respectively; p = 0.85). The small increase in decision‐to‐delivery interval observed during the COVID‐19 pandemic did not adversely affect neonatal outcomes.
Application of the indocyanine green fluorescence imaging method in laparoscopic resection of a solitary retroperitoneal metastasis of renal cell carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Kim Chul Jang , Nishida Masanari , Hanada Eiki , Kageyama Susumu , Narita Mitsuhiro , Kawauchi Akihiro 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFluorescence image‐guided surgery has improved intraoperative identification of anatomic structures including visualization of vascular anatomy. Herein, indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging was applied to identify of a recurrent small tumor of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) during laparoscopic surgery. The patient underwent left laparoscopic radical nephrectomy via the retroperitoneal approach for RCC (clear cell carcinoma, pT1bN0M0) at the age of 39 years. A solitary retroperitoneal mass (14 mm in diameter) was identified in a computed tomography scan 6 years after surgery. We performed laparoscopic resection with the application of the ICG angiography, because RCC is recognized as one of the most hypervascular cancers. The tumor was clearly visualized by fluorescence. Histopathological diagnosis of the resected tumor was recurrent RCC (low grade, G1). The patient remained free of disease at 2 years after surgery. The ICG fluorescence imaging would be a useful method for identification of metastatic small lesions of RCC during laparoscopic surgery.
Outcomes of the RAFT trial: robotic surgery after focal therapy
Authors: Cathcart Paul , Ribeiro Luis , Moore Caroline , Ahmed Hashim U. , Leslie Tom , Arya Manit , Orczyk Clement , Hindley Richard G. , Cahill Fidelma , Prendergast Aaron , Coetzee Carike , Yogeswaran Yathushan , Tunna Kirsty , Sooriakumaran Prasanna , Emberton Mark 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesTo report toxicity of treatment observed in men participating in the Robotic surgery After Focal Therapy (RAFT) clinical trial.Patients and MethodsMen were eligible for this prospective single group interventional study if they had histologically confirmed recurrent/residual prostate adenocarcinoma following primary FT. The short‐form Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC‐26) measured prior to salvage robotic prostatectomy (S‐RARP) and 3‐monthly post‐operatively together with Clavien‐Dindo complications (I–IV). Secondary outcomes included biochemical recurrence‐free survival (BCFS) following surgery and need for salvage treatment after surgery. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03011606.ResultsTwenty‐four men were recruited between February 2016 and September 2018. 1 patient withdrew from the trial after consenting and before S‐RARP. 23 men completed 12‐month post S‐RARP follow‐up. Median EPIC‐26 urinary continence scores initially deteriorated after 3 months (82.4 vs 100) but there was no statistically significant difference from baseline at 12 months (100 vs 100, P = 0.31). Median lower urinary tract symptom scores improved after 12 months compared to baseline (93.8 vs 87.5, P = 0.01). At 12 months, 19/23 (83%) were pad‐free and 22/23 (96%) required 0/1 pads. Median sexual function subscale scores deteriorated and remained low at 12 months (22.2 vs 58.3, P < 0.001). Utilising a minimally important difference of nine points, at 12 months after surgery 17/23 (74%) reported urinary continence to be ‘better’ or ‘not different’ to pre‐operative baseline. The corresponding figure for sexual function (utilising a minimally important difference of 12 points) was 7/23 (30%). There was no statistically significant difference on median bowel/hormonal subscale scores. Only a single patient had a post‐operative complication (Clavien‐Dindo Grade I). BCFS at 12 months after surgery was 82.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 60.1–93.1%) while 4/23 (17%) received salvage radiation.ConclusionsThe RAFT clinical trial suggests toxicity of surgery after FT is low, with good urinary function outcomes, albeit sexual function deteriorated overall. Oncological outcomes at 12 months appear acceptable.
Chronic myeloid leukemia‐leukemia cutis mimicking a neutrophilic panniculitis‐like leukemia cutis: Report of a rare case
Authors: Zelman Brandon , Bode‐Omoleye Olaoluwa , Muhlbauer Aaron , Agidi Ada , Mafee Mariam , Velankar Milind , Mirza Kamran , Speiser Jodi , Mudaliar Kumaran 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhile drug‐induced panniculitis is not uncommon in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients on tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy, it is rare for CML to initially present as a leukemic panniculitis. We present the case of a 45‐year‐old male with no relevant prior medical history presenting with 6 months of migratory nodules, 2 months of drenching night sweats, and a 20 pound weight loss. Physical examination showed firm subcutaneous nodules with overlying ecchymoses present on the right lateral thigh and left lower back. Biopsy of a nodule from the right thigh showed a subcutaneous lobular panniculitis involved by a dense infiltrate of neutrophils and granulocyte precursors. Fluorescent in‐situ hybridization (FISH) was positive for t(9;22)(q34;q11.2)BCR‐ABL1 fusion. A concurrent hemogram revealed a white blood cell count elevation of 600,000 K/μL. Bone marrow biopsy examination showed marked myeloid expansion with an increase in granulocyte precursors and Philadelphia chromosome positivity by FISH, consistent with bone marrow involvement by CML. Herein, we describe this unusual and rare case of CML initially presenting as a neutrophilic panniculitis‐like leukemia cutis. Arriving at this challenging diagnosis may be easily missed without clinical and laboratory correlation, which would certainly lead to the patient's not receiving life‐saving treatment.
PET/CT in malignant melanoma: a two‐tiered healthcare system? Updated healthcare situation regarding initial staging of malignant melanoma with PET/CT
Authors: Matiszick Antonia , Völker Charlyn , Garbe Claus , Gutzmer Ralf , Forschner Andrea , Wagner Gunnar , Franzius Christiane , Czech Norbert , Schüssler Frank , Meier Friedegund , Sachse Michael Max 
Published: April 2021

SummaryBackgroundPatients with stage IIC malignant melanoma are recommended to undergo cross‐sectional imaging for initial staging. PET/CT is superior to other methods regarding its diagnostic accuracy of the tumor spread in stage III. So far there is no meaningful data on the nationwide availability, usage and cost recovery of this imaging technique.Patients and methodsQuestionnaires on the healthcare situation in 2018 were sent to all German dermatology clinics and PET/CT centers in March and April 2019.Results61.2 % of the dermatology clinics (71/115) and 48.2 % of the PET/CT centers (77/160) took part in the survey. A total of 22,645 patients with malignant melanoma were seen in these clinics in 2018. 16.8 % of the patients with stage IIC melanoma received a PET/CT for primary staging. The costs of this examination were covered for all statutory and privately insured patients in 40 % and 68 % of dermatology clinics (20/50 and 34/50), respectively. 68.0 % (34/50) of all dermatology clinics reported relevant changes of treatment according to PET/CT findings. Long examination periods by the health insurance companies and the time required to submit the application were the most common reasons for dermatology clinics to reject a request for PET/CT. Relevant incidental findings were reported in 90.2 % (47/51) of all PET/CT centers.ConclusionsThere are clear differences in the nationwide availability and cost coverage of PET/CT in primary staging for stage IIC melanoma. For these reasons, a two‐tiered healthcare system may be assumed.
Eastern Orthodoxy and Ecumenism
Authors: Louth Andrew 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article reviews a set of papers in a special issue of The Ecumenical Review on “Theological Exchanges: The Ecumenical Reception of Orthodoxy,” which examines the reception of Orthodoxy by other theological traditions through the mediation of ecumenical dialogue. The papers display a wide variety of approaches, many introducing, although in different ways, the nature of engagement with the Orthodox by the different Christian bodies represented. Others looked more directly at theological conversations between the Orthodox and other Christian bodies, and especially the doctrine of theosis (deification). The remaining papers offer an insight into specific moments of Orthodoxy’s involvement with other Christian traditions.
Effects of fremanezumab in patients with chronic migraine and comorbid depression: Subgroup analysis of the randomized HALO CM study
Authors: Lipton Richard B. , Cohen Joshua M. , Galic Maja , Seminerio Michael J. , Yeung Paul P. , Aycardi Ernesto , Bigal Marcelo E. , Bibeau Kristen , Buse Dawn C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of fremanezumab in patients with chronic migraine (CM) and moderate to severe depression.BackgroundFremanezumab, a fully humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively targets calcitonin gene–related peptide, has been approved for the preventive treatment of migraine in adults. CM and depression are highly comorbid.MethodsThe 12‐week, Phase 3 HALO trial randomized patients with CM to fremanezumab quarterly (675 mg/placebo/placebo), fremanezumab monthly (675/225/225 mg), or placebo. Post hoc analyses evaluated the effects of fremanezumab in patients with moderate to severe depression (baseline 9‐item Patient Health Questionnaire sum score ≥10) on monthly number of headache days of at least moderate severity; monthly migraine days; Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC); 6‐item Headache Impact Test (HIT‐6) scores; and depression.ResultsFor the 219/1121 (19.5%) patients with moderate to severe depression at baseline, fremanezumab was associated with a significant reduction in monthly number of headache days of at least moderate severity for active treatment versus placebo (least‐squares mean change ± standard error for quarterly dosing: −5.3 ± 0.77; for monthly dosing: −5.5 ± 0.72; and for placebo: −2.2 ± 0.81; both p < 0.001). More patients achieved a ≥50% reduction in headache days of at least moderate severity with fremanezumab (quarterly: 31/78 [39.7%]; monthly: 39/96 [40.6%]) than placebo (9/67 [13.4%]; both p < 0.001). Compared with placebo, fremanezumab improved PGIC and HIT‐6 scores.ConclusionsFremanezumab demonstrated efficacy in the preventive treatment of CM and reduced headache impact in patients with comorbid depression.
Comparative extraction of bromelain and bioactive peptides from pineapple byproducts by ultrasonic‐ and microwave‐assisted extractions
Authors: Mala Thatchajaree , Sadiq Muhammad Bilal , Anal Anil Kumar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUltrasonic‐assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) were used for the extraction of bioactive peptides from pineapple byproducts. Independent extraction parameters for UAE were ultrasonic amplitude (60–100%), extraction time (10–30 min), and solvent to material ratio (20–40 mL/g), whereas for MAE independent variables were microwave power (100–300 W), irradiation time (5–15 min), and feed to solvent ratio (1:8–1:12 g/mL). The optimized extraction conditions were 99.96%, 26.83 min, and 20.96 mL/g for UAE and 100 W, 8.99 min, and 1:8 g/mL for MAE. The optimized extraction resulted in total sugar, protein content, and proteolytic activity of 15.71 ± 0.03 mg/mL, 4.01 ± 0.04 mg/mL, and 196.46 ± 3.29 U/mL, respectively, whereas 33.87 ± 0.03 mg/mL, 2.50 ± 0.01 mg/mL, and 154.08 ± 1.49 U/mL for MAE, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the morphology of sample during extraction. Molecular weight determination showed that the major protein band in the extracts (UAE and MAE) was at ∼23 kDa which corresponded to bromelain. Furthermore, pineapple crown protein extract obtained by UAE showed high proteolytic activity (>80% relative). The present study indicated that bromelain and other bioactive peptides from pineapple byproducts have potential in food, feed, and pharmaceutical products development.Practical ApplicationsThe conventional extraction techniques for bioactive compounds are time‐consuming and less efficient. The use of advance extraction techniques like microwave‐ and ultrasonication‐assisted extraction techniques can increase the extraction yield with better recovery of bioactive compounds. Pineapple byproducts are rich source of bioactive compounds and bromelain. The effective utilization of pineapple byproducts for the extraction of bromelain and other bioactive peptides will offer an effective solution for minimizing the organic waste and provide an efficient source of bioactive peptides for application in various food products.
Effect of cold plasma treatment on sterilizing rate and quality of kiwi turbid juice
Authors: Liu Zhenrong , Zhao Wuqi , Zhang Qingan , Gao Guitian , Meng Yonghong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that cold plasma inactivated microorganisms located on a variety of food surfaces and food packaging materials under atmospheric pressure conditions; however, less attention has been paid to the impact of cold plasma on microorganisms in liquid food stuffs. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of cold plasma treatment on maintaining quality and the bactericidal effect of kiwi turbid juice, and obtain the optimal parameters. Kiwi turbid juice was treated with different treatment voltages, juice volumes, and discharge times. Tow principle components (chlorophyll and total phenols) were extracted by factor analysis and the cumulative contribution achieved was 87.017%. Three‐factor response surface methodology was used to analyze the interactions between the factors, and particle swarm optimization was used to search for the optimal parameters. The results showed that the established three‐index regression model was significant. At the optimal level of 12 kV treatment voltage, 18 ml juice volume, and 1 min discharge time, chlorophyll, total phenols, and bactericidal rate of the optimized test were 0.18 mg/g, 3.47 OD280/g, and 83.97%, respectively. This study provides key implications for applying cold plasma during kiwi turbid juice processing.Practical applicationsKiwi turbid juice is rich in nutrition, has high quality and good taste, which can greatly retain the flavor of fresh juice, and has a broad market development prospect. Sterilization is a key process in the production of kiwi turbid juice, Cold plasma processing is a potential nonthermal method which can enable extension of shelf life of kiwi turbid juice, yet retaining its freshness and organoleptic properties.
Past is present: Pathways between childhood sexual abuse and relationship satisfaction
Authors: Barker Gina G. , Volk Fred , Hazel Janine S. , Reinhardt Rebecca A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractResearch on childhood sexual abuse (CSA) has consistently demonstrated the damaging effects of these experiences, not only on survivors' development, but also on the nature and quality of their adult relationships, particularly romantic ones. Yet, research to date has not demonstrated a strong direct effect of CSA on relationship satisfaction. This study examined the pathways from CSA to relationship satisfaction via sexual shame and romantic partner attachment. Data collected through surveys from 732 adults were analyzed using a serial mediation model. As expected, the direct association between CSA and relationship satisfaction was statistically significant but rather weak. Results demonstrated that sexual shame, combined with either romantic partner attachment avoidance or romantic partner attachment anxiety, reduces relationship satisfaction. Specifically, three possible pathways mediated by sexual shame were identified. Implications of the findings are discussed and recommendations for clinical interventions with CSA survivors that address sexual shame and romantic partner attachment are provided.
Cannabis use, abuse, and withdrawal: Cannabinergic mechanisms, clinical, and preclinical findings
Authors: Kesner Andrew J. , Lovinger David M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCannabis sativa is the most widely used illicit drug in the world. Its main psychoactive component is delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), one of over 100 phytocannabinoid compounds produced by the cannabis plant. THC is the primary compound that drives cannabis abuse potential and is also used and prescribed medically for therapeutic qualities. Despite its therapeutic potential, a significant subpopulation of frequent cannabis or THC users will develop a drug use syndrome termed cannabis use disorder. Individuals suffering from cannabis use disorder exhibit many of the hallmarks of classical addictions including cravings, tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms. Currently, there are no efficacious treatments for cannabis use disorder or withdrawal symptoms. This makes both clinical and preclinical research on the neurobiological mechanisms of these syndromes ever more pertinent. Indeed, basic research using animal models has provided valuable evidence of the neural molecular and cellular actions of cannabis that mediate its behavioral effects. One of the main components being central action on the cannabinoid type‐one receptor and downstream intracellular signaling related to the endogenous cannabinoid system. Back‐translational studies have provided insight linking preclinical basic and behavioral biology research to better understand symptoms observed at the clinical level. This narrative review aims to summarize major research elucidating the molecular, cellular, and behavioral manifestations of cannabis/THC use that play a role in cannabis use disorder and withdrawal.
image
The Corporate Objective Revisited: The Shareholder Perspective
Authors: Goranova Maria , Ryan Lori Verstegen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractShareholder value maximization has spurred a long‐standing and heated debate between the proponents of a unified corporate objective function and the supporters of multi‐constituency goals of the corporation. We weigh in on the corporate purpose debate from a different point of view: that of the shareholders. Specifically, we seek to critically assess the assumptions about shareholders embedded in the shareholder value maximization doctrine and examine the implications of three contemporary shareholding practices: (a) shareholders investing concurrently in competing firms, (b) residual‐risk bearing decoupling, and (c) heterogeneous shareholder interests. Our critique draws out the challenges that contemporary shareholder practices pose for corporate governance and highlights the need for strategic corporate governance, or governance policies and practices that prioritize the sustainable competitive advantage of the firm.