bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agricultural methane emissions and the potential formitigation
Authors: Smith Pete , Reay Dave , Smith Jo 
Published: September 2021

Agriculture is the largest anthropogenic source of methane (CH4), emitting 145 Tg CH4 y−1to the atmosphere in 2017. The main sources are enteric fermentation, manure management, rice cultivation and residue burning. There is significant potential to reduce CH4from these sources, with bottom-up mitigation potentials of approximately 10.6, 10, 2 and 1 Tg CH4 y−1from rice management, enteric fermentation, manure management and residue burning. Other system-wide studies have assumed even higher potentials of 4.8–47.2 Tg CH4 y−1from reduced enteric fermentation, and 4–36 Tg CH4 y−1from improved rice management. Biogas (a methane-rich gas mixture generated from the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter and used for energy) also has the potential to reduce unabated CH4emissions from animal manures and human waste. In addition to these supply side measures, interventions on the demand-side (shift to a plant-based diet and a reduction in total food loss and waste by 2050) would also significantly reduce methane emissions, perhaps in the order of greater than 50 Tg CH4 y−1. While there is a pressing need to reduce emissions of long-lived greenhouse gases (CO2and N2O) due to their persistence in the atmosphere, despite CH4being a short-lived greenhouse gas, the urgency of reducing warming means we must reduce any GHG emissions we can as soon as possible. Because of this, mitigation actions should focus on reducing emissions of all the three main anthropogenic greenhouse gases, including CH4.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Rising methane: is warming feeding warming? (part1)'.
Yellow fever disease severity is driven by an acute cytokine storm modulated by an interplay between the human gut microbiome and the metabolome
Authors: Pelletier Adam-Nicolas , Tomazella Mateus , de Carvalho Karina , Nicolau Andre , Marmoratto Marianna , Silveira Cassia , Khalil Jorge , Nakaya Helder , Kallas Esper , Diamond Michael , Sekaly Rafick-Pierre 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInfection with Yellow Fever (YF) can lead to multiple outcomes ranging from death from total organ failure to clearance of viremia and survival. The mechanisms underlying these differences in clinical outcomes have yet to be defined. We had access to a cohort of YF infected subjects that showed these range of outcomes. An unbiased integrated OMICs approach was used to identify pathways and effector molecules that drive the severe disease and death as compared to resolution of infection. We used the MELD and SIC score as objective markers of disease severity. We show that a specific signature of upregulated innate pro-inflammatory cytokines significantly demarcates subjects with severe disease leading to death from subjects who clear virus. Pathogen sequencing showed heightened levels of proteolytic bacteria at the i.e Actinobacteria and these were correlated to lower levels of tryptophan and tyrosine amino acids measured by untargeted metabolomics. These two features were significantly associated to MELD scores synonymous of milder disease. Propionate a bacterial metabolite that triggers Treg differentiation that can as well limit the hyperimmune activation associated to severe outcome was also associated to improved outcome. Our results suggest a model whereby proteolytic bacteria limit the availability of the aromatic amino acid pool available for cytokine production thereby preventing the induction of the cytokine storm that is associated to severe disease and death.
Spontaneous nucleation and fast aggregate-dependent proliferation of α-synuclein aggregates within liquid condensates at physiological pH
Authors: Dada Samuel T. , Hardenberg Maarten C. , Mrugalla Lena K. , McKeon Mollie O. , Klimont Ewa , Michaels Thomas C. T. , Vendruscolo Michele 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIt is well-established that α-synuclein aggregation may proceed through an initial lipid-dependent aggregate formation and, if at acidic pH, a subsequent aggregate-dependent proliferation. It has also been recently reported that the aggregation of α-synuclein may also take place through an alternative pathway, which takes place within dense liquid condensates produced through liquid-liquid phase separation. The microscopic mechanism of this process, however, remains to be clarified. Here, we developed a fluorescence-based assay to perform a kinetic analysis of the aggregation process of α-synuclein within liquid condensates, and applied it to determine the corresponding mechanism of aggregation. Our analysis shows that at pH 7.4 the aggregation process of α-synuclein within dense condensates starts with spontaneous primary nucleation followed by rapid aggregate-dependent proliferation. Taken together, these results reveal a highly efficient pathway for the appearance and proliferation of α-synuclein aggregates at physiological pH.
An innate immune activation state prior to vaccination predicts responsiveness to multiple vaccines
Authors: Fourati S. , Tomalin LE. , Mulè MP. , Chawla DG. , Gerritsen B. , Rychkov D. , Henrich E. , Miller HER. , Hagan T. , Diray-Arce J. , Dunn P. ,   The Human Immunology Project Consortium (HIPC), Levy O. , Gottardo R. , Sarwal M. , Tsang JS. , Suárez-Fariñas M. , Pulendran B. , Sékaly RP. , Kleinstein SH. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMany factors determine whether an individual responding to vaccination will generate an immune response that can lead to protection. Several studies have shown that the pre-vaccination immune state is associated with the antibody response to vaccines. However, the generalizability and mechanisms that underlie this association remain poorly defined. Here, we sought to identify a common pre-vaccination signature and mechanisms that could predict the immune response across a wide variety of vaccines. We leveraged the “Immune Signatures Data Resource” created by the NIH Human Immunology Project Consortium (HIPC) to integrate data from 28 studies involving 13 different vaccines and associate the blood transcriptional status of 820 healthy young adults with their responses. An unsupervised analysis of blood transcriptional profiles across studies revealed three distinct pre-vaccination states, characterized by the differential expression of genes associated with a pro-inflammatory response, cell proliferation, and metabolism alterations downstream of NFκB and IRF7. Innate and adaptive immune cell subset-specific genes were also associated with the three pre-vaccination states. Importantly, individuals whose pre-vaccination state was enriched in pro-inflammatory response genes known to be downstream of NFκB tended to have higher serum antibody responses one month after vaccination. A supervised analysis of the same data resulted in a single classifier, also enriched for NFκB regulated genes, that predicted the antibody response across most of the vaccines. Projection into single-cell RNA-sequencing data suggested that this pre-vaccination state was attributable to the signature of activation of non-classical monocytes and myeloid dendritic cells. Transcriptional signatures of acute responses to bacterial and not viral infections were enriched in the high pro-inflammatory pre-vaccination state and also included NFκB regulated genes. The pro-inflammatory pre-vaccination state was highly reminiscent of the innate activation state triggered by TLR ligands or adjuvants. These results demonstrate that wide variations in the transcriptional state of the immune system in humans can be a key determinant of responsiveness to vaccination. They also define a transcriptional signature NFκB activation at baseline, that is associated with a greater magnitude of antibody response to multiple vaccines, and suggest that modulation of the innate immune system by next-generation adjuvants targeting NFκB before vaccine administration may improve vaccine responsiveness.
Age-Related Differences in Reward-Based Modulation of Sequential Reaching Performance
Authors: Aves Poppy , Moreau Laura , Alghamdi Ahmad , Sporn Sebastian , Galea Joseph M 
Published: September 2021

AbstractReward can increase the speed and accuracy of movements in both simple and sequential reaching tasks. Two mechanisms are thought to be responsible for this: an increase in maximum velocity, due to increased muscle stiffness, resulting in faster, but energetically inefficient, individual movements; or coarticulation – the blending of sub-movements into single, smoother, more energetically efficient movements. Older adults have shown reduced sensitivity to reward in decision paradigms, but there is little research relating reward and motor performance in older adults. Using a novel online sequential reaching task, we compared the effects of reward on motor performance between young (18-23 years) and older (65-79 years) participants. We found that movement time decreased across training in all groups, and reward invigorated this decrease in both age groups. This suggests that reward is a viable facilitator of motor performance to compensate for age-related motor decline and has the potential for use in the design of rehabilitation programmes for age-related motor deficits or disease.
The role of complex IV activity in the axonal response of mitochondria to demyelination in experimental disease models of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Licht-Mayer Simon , Campbell Graham R. , Mehta Arpan R. , McGill Katie , Symonds Alex , Al-Azki Sarah , Pryce Gareth , Zandee Stephanie , Zhao Chao , Kipp Markus , Smith Kenneth J , Baker David , Altmann Daniel , Anderton Stephen M. , Kap Yolanda S. , Laman Jon D. , ‘t Hart Bert A. , Rodriguez Moses , Franklin Robin J.M. , Chandran Siddharthan , Lassmann Hans , Trapp Bruce D. , Mahad Don J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAxon loss is a cardinal neuropathological feature of multiple sclerosis (MS). Axonal injury in MS and experimental disease models is most frequently detected in acutely demyelinating regions. Furthermore, acute axonal injury consistently correlates with the extent of inflammatory demyelination. Following lysolecithin-induced demyelination, we recently reported a compensatory response in neurons, where mitochondria move from the cell body to the acutely demyelinated axon and increase the mitochondrial content. We termed this energetics phenomenon, that is also evident in MS, the axonal response of mitochondria to demyelination (ARMD). In the present study, we assessed axonal mitochondrial content as well as axonal mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV activity (COX) of axons and related these to axonal injury in nine different experimental disease models. We consistently found ARMD in all experimental disease models. However, the increase in mitochondrial content within demyelinated axons was not always accompanied by a proportionate increase in COX activity, particularly in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Axonal COX activity inversely correlated with the extent of axonal injury in experimental disease models. Our findings indicate that ARMD is a consistent and prominent finding and emphasises the need to preserve axonal mitochondrial COX activity in inflammatory demyelination, paving the way for the development of novel neuroprotective therapies.
A hybrid meta-heuristic scheduler algorithm for optimization of workflow scheduling in cloud heterogeneous computing environment
Authors: Noorian Talouki Reza , Hosseini Shirvani Mirsaeid , Motameni Homayun 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
Improvement of workflow scheduling in distributed engineering systems

Design/methodology/approach
The authors proposed a hybrid meta heuristic optimization algorithm.

Findings
The authors have made improvement in hybrid approach by exploiting of genetic algorithm and simulated annealing plus points.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper presents a novel theorem and novel hybrid approach.
Relational cohesion between users and smart voice assistants
Authors: Hernández-Ortega Blanca , Aldas-Manzano Joaquin , Ferreira Ivani 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThis study aims to examine users’ affective relationships with smart voice assistants (SVAs) and aims to analyze how these relationships explain user engagement behaviors toward the brands of SVAs. Drawing on relational cohesion theory, it proposes that cohesion between users and SVAs influences brand engagement behaviors, that is, continuing purchasing other products of the brand, providing knowledge to the brand and referring the brand.Design/methodology/approachData from a survey of 717 US regular SVA users confirm the validity of the measurement scales and provide the input for the covariance-based structural equation modeling.FindingsThe results demonstrate that frequent user-SVA interactions evoke positive emotions, which encourage cohesive relationships. Pleasured-satisfaction and interest emerge as strong emotions. Moreover, relational cohesion between users and SVAs promotes engagement with the brand of the assistant.Originality/valueThis paper applies an interpersonal approach in a context that, to date, has been examined from a predominantly technological perspective. It shows that users develop positive emotions toward smart technologies through their interactions, and establishes the importance of building affective relationships. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to analyze cohesion between users and smart technologies and to examine the effect of this cohesion on user engagement with the brand.
Personnel needs assessment in times of crisis: a focus on management of disasters
Authors: Meduri Yamini 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
This study aims to explain the importance of human resources and attempts to identify the competencies required by the personnel involved in disaster management operations.

Design/methodology/approach
The research uses a qualitative methodology to explore the competencies required by the relief workers using a content analysis approach to analyze the disaster literature and the job advertisements. The data for the content analysis was developed with the help of 23 independent coders, and exploratory inferences were drawn.

Findings
A detailed review of the literature highlighted the importance of competent personnel in disaster relief organizations. The analysis listed 34 mutually exclusive competencies and their relative importance, which were further divided into four competency clusters. The study also creates a competency dictionary that defines the competencies with the expected behaviors.

Practical implications
Deploying the right resources in the acute time frame during a disaster event can make a difference, and with lives at stake, such deployment acquires prime importance. In addition to contributing to humanitarian logistics literature, the competency model developed will also help forecast the future requirements and help the organization choose “the right person for the right job.”

Originality/value
The inferences drawn in the study are based on disaster management areas, unlike earlier research which also considered business logistics research.
Community crime prevention and crime watch groups as online private policing
Authors: Walby Kevin , Joshua Courtney 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the online communications, symbolism and imagery of 35 community crime prevention and crime watch groups across Canada to explore how these groups organize themselves and assess the resulting community actions.

Design/methodology/approach
Contributing to digital criminology, gathering data from open access platforms such as Facebook and online platforms such as websites, the authors analyse communications from community crime prevention and crime watch groups in 12 Canadian cities. The authors used qualitative content analysis to explore the types of posts to assess trends and patterns in types of ideas communicated and symbolized.

Findings
Whilst such groups bring the community together to help promote community safety, the groups may also encourage stereotyping, shaming and even vigilantism through misrepresenting the amount of crime occurring in the community and focusing on fear. The authors demonstrate how crime prevention becomes sidelined amongst most of the groups, and how intense crime reporting and the focus on fear derail actual community development.

Research limitations/implications
The current study is limited to two years of posts from each group under examination. Interviews with members of online community crime prevention and crime watch groups would provide insights into the lived experience of regular users and their reasons for interacting with the group.

Practical implications
Given some of the vigilante-style the actions of such groups, the authors would suggest these groups pose a governance problem for local governments.

Originality/value
Community crime prevention and crime watch groups are not a new phenomenon, but their activities are moving online in ways that deserve criminological research. The authors contribute to the field of digital criminology by researching how online communications shape community crime prevention organizations and how ideas about regulation of crime and social control circulate online. The authors also explain how this community crime prevention trend may contribute to issues of vigilantism and increased transgression.
Review article: Topical antibiotic treatments for acute otitis externa: Emergency care guidelines from an ear, nose and throat perspective
Authors: Khatri Hershil , Huang Johnson , Guazzo Emily , Bond Craig 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAcute otitis externa (AOE), also known as ‘swimmer's ear’, is a common acute problem. It is one of the most common ED presentations. Atypical organisms, recalcitrant disease and antibiotic options contribute to making AOE a clinical challenge. There are a number of red flags associated with AOE which require consideration when treating patients with AOE. We discuss an evidence‐based approach to management of AOE in the emergency setting, with indications for specialist referral.
The long‐term effects of lower versus higher oxygenation levels in adult ICU patients – protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Crescioli Elena , Uldal Krejberg Kirsten , Lass Klitgaard Thomas , Mølgaard Nielsen Frederik , Barbateskovic Marija , Skrubbeltrang Conni , Hylander Møller Morten , Lilleholt Schjørring Olav , Steen Rasmussen Bodil 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundMany organs can remain impaired after discharge from the intensive care unit (ICU) leading to temporal or permanent dysfunctions. Long‐term impairments may be affected by supplemental oxygen, a common treatment in ICU, having both potential beneficial and harmful long‐lasting effects. This systematic review aims to assess the long‐term outcomes of lower versus higher oxygen supplementation and/or oxygenation levels in adults admitted to ICU.MethodsWe will include trials differentiating between a lower and a higher oxygen supplementation or a lower and a higher oxygenation strategy in adults admitted to the ICU. We will search major electronic databases and trial registers for randomised clinical trials. Two authors will independently screen and select references for inclusion using Covidence and predefined data will be extracted. The methodological quality and risk of bias of included trials will be evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 2. Meta‐analysis will be performed if two or more trials with comparable outcome measures will be included. Otherwise, a narrative description of the trials’ results will be presented instead. To assess the certainty of evidence, we will create a ‘Summary of findings’ table containing all prespecified outcomes using the GRADE system. The protocol is submitted on the PROSPERO database (ID 223630).ConclusionNo systematic reviews on the impact of oxygen treatment in the ICU on long‐term outcomes, other than mortality and quality of life, have been reported yet. This systematic review will provide an overview of the current evidence and will help future research in the field.
Unusual presentation of crusted scabies with osteolysis in immunocompetent
Authors: Mahajan Sunanda Arun , Chhonkar Aditi , Dave Jayati Shailesh , Muhammed Naziya 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundCrusted scabies results from a failure of the host immune response to control the proliferation of the scabies mite in the skin, with resulting hyperinfestation and a concomitant inflammatory and hyper‐keratotic reaction. However, it has also been recognised in people with no evident immunological deficit.Case historyWe present a case report of apparently immunocompetent 16‐year‐old female presenting with multiple hyperkeratotic vegetating plaques over limbs, excoriated papules over trunk with minimal itching since 2 years without any positive family history. The microscopic examination of the skin scales with potassium hydroxide demonstrated numerous scabies mites and eggs. Histopathology showed hyperkeratosis with multiple mites in stratum corneum. Numerous mites were seen on biopsy of lesion. X‐ray showed osteolysis of distal phalanges secondary to chronic pressure. Repeated topical treatments with permethrin and oral ivermectin led to the considerable resolution of her lesions.ConclusionWe present a rare case of crusted scabies with osteolysis in an immunocompetent female.
Regulatory roles of three miRNAs on allergen mRNA expression in Tyrophagus putrescentiae
Authors: Zhou Ying , Li Qingqing , Pan Ruilin , Wang Qiong , Zhu Xuming , Yuan Cunyin , Cai Fangfang , Gao Ya‐dong , Cui Yubao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundTyrophagus putresecentiae is an important mite species in rural and urban environments, causing sensitization and allergic disease. While evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) may regulate the expression of allergen‐encoding genes, no study has directly investigated this possibility. Here, this gap was addressed by profiling miRNAs and elucidating their target allergen messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in this mite species.MethodsSmall RNA and transcriptome libraries were constructed for eggs, larvae, nymphs, and adults. After deep miRNA and whole‐transcriptome sequencing were performed, the miRNA and allergen‐encoding mRNA regulatory networks were explored.ResultsA total of 540 miRNAs were identified, including 155 with expression levels differing significantly across the four mite developmental stages (p < .01), 59 of which were novel. The mRNA expression for allergens was higher for Tyr p 1 in adults than in other developmental stages; Tyr p 2–5, 7, 10, 13, 33, and 34 in immature stages; and Tyr p 28, 35, and 36 in eggs and adults. A combined miRNA and transcriptome bioinformatics analysis showed that allergen Tyr p 3 was regulated by miRNA PC‐5p‐5698441_1, Tyr p 4 was regulated by PC‐5p‐7050653_1, and Tyr p 34 was regulated by PC‐5p‐5534223_1 and PC‐5p‐5698441_1. These three allergen mRNA and three miRNAs were identified using qRT‐PCR, and their regulatory roles were confirmed by double‐fluorescent reporter gene system and site‐directed mutagenesis technology.ConclusionsFor the first time, allergen mRNA expression and miRNAs were profiled throughout the life cycle for an allergen‐producing mite, and the results showed that miRNAs bind to target allergen mRNAs to regulate their expression.