bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social jetlag, a novel predictor for high cardiovascular risk in blue‐collar workers following permanent atypical work schedules
Authors: Gamboa Madeira Sara , Reis Cátia , Paiva Teresa , Moreira Carlos Santos , Nogueira Paulo , Roenneberg Till 
Published: May 2021

SummaryCardiovascular diseases cause >4 million deaths each year in Europe alone. Preventive approaches that do not only consider individual risk factors but their interaction, such as the Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE), are recommended by European guidelines. Increased cardiovascular risk is associated with shift‐work, surely interacting with the concurrent conditions: disruption of sleep, unhealthy behaviours, and circadian misalignment. Social jetlag (SJL) has been proposed as a way to quantify circadian misalignment. We therefore investigated the association between SJL and cardiovascular health in a cross‐sectional observational study involving blue‐collar workers, who either worked permanent morning, evening, or night shifts. Sociodemographic, health and productivity data were collected through questionnaires. Blood pressure and cholesterol were measured and the cardiovascular risk was estimated according to the relative risk SCORE chart. Bivariate analysis was performed according to the cardiovascular risk and the relationship between SJL and high cardiovascular risk was analysed through logistic regression. Cumulative models were performed, adjusted for various confounding factors. After 49 exclusions, the final sample comprised 301 workers (56% males; aged <40 years, 73%). Mean standard deviation (SD) SJL was 1:57 (1:38) hr (59.4% ≤2 hr). Cardiovascular risk was high in 20% of the sample. Multivariate analysis revealed SJL to be an independent risk factor for high cardiovascular risk. Each additional hour of SJL increased this risk by >30% (odds ratio 1.31, 95% confidence interval 1.02–1.68). This is the first study indicating that SJL potentially increases cardiovascular risk, and suggests that sleep and individual circadian qualities are critical in preventing negative health impacts of shift‐work.
Species‐specific trends and variability in plant functional traits across a latitudinal gradient in northern Alaska
Authors: Betway Katlyn R. , Hollister Robert D. , May Jeremy L. , Oberbauer Steven F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractQuestionsMany studies explore how plant functional traits may change as the climate warms by observing traits over environmental gradients. The amount of intraspecific variation (ITV), however, is often unknown and unaccounted for in most trait‐based studies. Our objectives are to: (a) determine if species‐level patterns across a latitudinal gradient match those of other members within the same growth form; (b) compare distributions of trait values across regions; and (c) quantify the amount of ITV within each trait relative to the amount of variation within the growth form and across taxonomic levels (family and species).LocationUtqiaġvik, Atqasuk, and Toolik Lake, Alaska.MethodsThis study examines seven plant functional traits for 12 arctic species. Traits were measured on 10 individuals of each species at each region and analyzed using one‐way ANOVA and variance partitioning via nested ANOVA.ResultsComparison of mean trait values across the three regions for each species showed considerable variability within a growth form. Within deciduous shrubs, for example, one species increased in specific leaf area (SLA) with latitude while another species decreased. Results from variance partitioning differed among functional traits. Across the three regions, plant height, leaf area, SLA, leaf thickness, and leaf dry matter content (LDMC) had relatively low amounts of intraspecific variation (ITV; <15%) while normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) had a high amount of ITV (>50%). All traits showed significant differences across regions for at least some species.ConclusionsBecause our results showed considerable variability in levels of ITV among functional traits, we emphasize the need to investigate ITV in trait‐based studies spanning multiple regions. Levels of ITV are important in determining how different populations respond to local environmental conditions. Incorporating ITV in studies investigating vegetation change with warming will provide more robust and reliable predictions.
Dietary taurine improved growth performance, nutrient utilization, and antioxidant enzyme activities in pangasius Pangasianodon hypophthalmus
Authors: Peter Nikhila , Pradhan Chiranjiv , Dileep Namitha , Musharraf Mohammad , Thazhakot Vasunambisan Sankar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTaurine is a β sulphonic amino acid and is conditionally essential for many fish species. In the present study, the effect of dietary taurine (tau) on Pangasianodon hypophthalmus fry (initial mean weight 0.8 ± 0.6 g) was evaluated by feeding six isonitrogenous (370 g/kg crude protein) and isolipidic (100 g/kg crude lipid) casein‐based purified diets with graded levels of tau at 0 (basal diet), 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 g/kg feed. Fish were randomly stocked in triplicate groups in 100 L plastic tubs and fed to apparent satiation over two feedings at 10.00 and 16.00 hr daily for 45 days. Final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio improved significantly (p < .05) with increasing dietary tau up to 15 g/kg feed and plateaued thereafter. Whole‐body protein content did not change beyond tau 15 g/kg feed, but carcass lipid content significantly (p < .05) decreased. The group of fish fed with tau 25 g/kg feed exhibited significantly higher (p < .05) superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione s‐transferase activity. According to the findings of this study, the optimum dietary tau content in P. hypophthalmus fry feed was estimated to be 15.05–16.31 g/kg feed as per the broken‐line regression analysis based on weight gain and nutrient utilization against dietary taurine.
Age‐specific sensitivity of sperm length and testes size to developmental temperature in the bruchid beetle
Authors: Vasudeva R. , Deeming D. C. , Eady P. E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn an era of global warming, the negative effects of temperature stress on fertility could intensify predicted losses of biodiversity. Male fertility is particularly sensitive to temperature stress, yet we have an incomplete understanding of when, during reproductive ontogeny, spermatogenesis is most affected. Here, we used a temperature‐switch protocol to identify when during development temperature affects the expression of sperm length and testes size in the bruchid beetleCallosobruchus maculatus. Egg‐to‐adult development took place at 17°C, 27°C or 33°C for either the full duration of pre‐imago development or it was switched at different stages during development. Full development at 17°C or 33°C resulted in significantly shorter sperm than at 27°C. However, when developing larvae were switched to higher or lower temperatures, we observed switch‐specific phenotypic expression of sperm length and testes size. Our key finding was that sperm length was sensitive to high‐temperature stress during the early stages of ontogeny and to low‐temperature stress during the latter stages of ontogeny. Such age‐specific developmental sensitivity suggests that infertility resulting from transient heat stress (i.e. heatwaves) could be mitigated by age‐related developmental heterogeneity within populations. Those individuals able to avoid severe effects of heat stress on fertility, through serendipitously being at less‐sensitive stages of development, could potentially compensate for the loss of fertility experienced by those individuals at more sensitive stages of development.
Dried small fish provide nutrient densities important for the first 1000 days
Authors: Byrd Kendra A. , Pincus Lauren , Pasqualino Monica M. , Muzofa Farayi , Cole Steven M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInadequate nutrient intakes are prevalent among many populations in sub‐Saharan Africa and increasing fish consumption among pregnant/lactating women and children is one strategy to improve diets and address nutrient deficiencies. We report the nutrient content of two fish‐based recipes—fish powder and fish chutney—that contain dried small fish available in local markets in Zambia. The contribution of a serving of each recipe to the recommended daily intakes of iron, zinc, calcium and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for pregnant/lactating women and children 6–24 months was calculated because these nutrients are commonly deficient in African diets. We found that one 10‐g serving of fish powder provides 20% or more of the daily calcium recommendation and 37% or more of the daily DHA recommendation for both pregnant/lactating women and children. A 30‐g serving of fish chutney provides over 40% of the daily calcium recommendation for pregnant women and over 50% for lactating women. Additionally, we investigated the nutrient density (nutrients per kilocalorie) of the fish powder and compared it with the nutrient density of a small‐quantity lipid‐based nutrient supplement plus (SQ‐LNS‐plus). SQ‐LNS‐plus is designed to enhance children's diets by providing micronutrients and DHA. Fish powder is similar to SQ‐LNS‐plus in iron and zinc density and even higher in calcium and DHA density. Consuming dried small fish as part of a daily meal can be a viable strategy for combatting nutrient deficiencies in the first 1000 days.
MicroRNA‐34a activation in tuberous sclerosis complex during early brain development may lead to impaired corticogenesis
Authors: Korotkov Anatoly , Sim Nam Suk , Luinenburg Mark J. , Anink Jasper J. , van Scheppingen Jackelien , Zimmer Till S. , Bongaarts Anika , Broekaart Diede W. M. , Mijnsbergen Caroline , Jansen Floor E. , Van Hecke Wim , Spliet Wim G. M. , van Rijen Peter C. , Feucht Martha , Hainfellner Johannes A. , Kršek Pavel , Zamecnik Josef , Crino Peter B. , Kotulska Katarzyna , Lagae Lieven , Jansen Anna C. , Kwiatkowski David J. , Jozwiak Sergiusz , Curatolo Paolo , Mühlebner Angelika , Lee Jeong H. , Mills James D. , van Vliet Erwin A. , Aronica Eleonora 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsTuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic disorder associated with dysregulation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling pathway. Neurodevelopmental disorders, frequently present in TSC, are linked to cortical tubers in the brain. We previously reported microRNA‐34a (miR‐34a) among the most upregulated miRs in tubers. Here, we characterised miR‐34a expression in tubers with the focus on the early brain development and assessed the regulation of mTORC1 pathway and corticogenesis by miR‐34a.MethodsWe analysed the expression of miR‐34a in resected cortical tubers (n = 37) compared with autopsy‐derived control tissue (n = 27). The effect of miR‐34a overexpression on corticogenesis was assessed in mice at E18. The regulation of the mTORC1 pathway and the expression of the bioinformatically predicted target genes were assessed in primary astrocyte cultures from three patients with TSC and in SH‐SY5Y cells following miR‐34a transfection.ResultsThe peak of miR‐34a overexpression in tubers was observed during infancy, concomitant with the presence of pathological markers, particularly in giant cells and dysmorphic neurons. miR‐34a was also strongly expressed in foetal TSC cortex. Overexpression of miR‐34a in mouse embryos decreased the percentage of cells migrated to the cortical plate. The transfection of miR‐34a mimic in TSC astrocytes negatively regulated mTORC1 and decreased the expression of the target genes RAS related (RRAS) and NOTCH1.ConclusionsMicroRNA‐34a is most highly overexpressed in tubers during foetal and early postnatal brain development. miR‐34a can negatively regulate mTORC1; however, it may also contribute to abnormal corticogenesis in TSC.
Measurement challenges for childhood obesity research within and between Latin America and the United States
Authors: Berrigan David , Arteaga S. Sonia , Colón‐Ramos Uriyoán , Rosas Lisa G. , Monge‐Rojas Rafael , O'Connor Teresia M. , Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael , Roberts Elizabeth F. S. , Sanchez Brisa , Téllez‐Rojo Martha Maria , Vorkoper Susan ,   the Cross Borders Working Group
Published: May 2021

SummaryChildhood obesity is a major public health challenge across Latin America and the United States. Addressing childhood obesity depends on valid, reliable, and culturally sensitive measurements. Such progress within and between countries of the Americas could be enhanced through better measurement across different age groups, different countries, and in sending and receiving communities. Additionally, better and more comparable measurements could accelerate cross‐border collaboration and learning. Here, we present (1) frameworks that influenced our perspectives on childhood obesity and measurement needs across the Americas; (2) a summary of resources and guidance available concerning measurement and adaptation of measures for childhood obesity research; and (3) three major areas that present challenges and opportunities for measurement advances related to childhood obesity, including parental behavior, acculturation, and the potential to incorporate ethnographic methods to identify critical factors related to economics and globalization. Progress to reduce childhood obesity across the Americas could be accelerated by further transnational collaboration aimed at improving measurement for better surveillance, intervention development and evaluation, implementation research, and evaluation of natural experiments. Additionally, there is a need to improve training related to measurement and for improving access to valid and reliable measures in Spanish and other languages common in the Americas.
Established soft contact lens wearers’ awareness of and initial experiences with orthokeratology
Authors: Duong Kim , Pucker Andrew D , McGwin Gerald , Franklin Quentin X , Cox Jared 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo understand the initial awareness of and experience with orthokeratology in a group of adult, symptomatic, soft contact lens (CL) wearers.MethodsThis was a prospective, 3‐month, open‐label study of symptomatic soft CL wearers who were between the ages of 18 and 45 years. Baseline measurements were taken and then all subjects were treated with orthokeratology. A dry eye evaluation was completed at baseline prior to orthokeratology treatment. This same dry eye evaluation was completed 1 week and 1 month after orthokeratology treatment. An investigator‐designed questionnaire that aimed to understand the subject’s initial awareness of and experience with orthokeratology was also administered at the baseline, 1‐week, 1‐month and 3‐month visits (perceptions, knowledge, tolerance and ability to apply and remove orthokeratology lenses).ResultsTwenty‐nine out of 40 subjects completed this study. Completed subjects (age = 24.28 ± 3.75 years) had significant improvements in ocular comfort over the course of the study compared to their soft CLs. Most subjects were unfamiliar with orthokeratology before the study, were able to quickly adapt to the treatment and were likely to recommend orthokeratology to friends or children for myopia management.ConclusionsThis study found that few subjects knew about orthokeratology before learning about it through this investigation, suggesting that patients should be offered this treatment more regularly. This conclusion is supported by the ability of the subjects to learn and adapt to orthokeratology with ease, and their likelihood to recommend it to a friend or child.
Analysis of Combined Indicators for Risk of Osteoporotic Hip Fracture in Elderly Women
Authors: Zhao Jin‐hui , Shi Hui‐peng , Jiang Da‐jun , Wang Ling‐tian , Chen Sheng‐bao , Jia Wei‐tao 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo compare the accuracy of combined independent risk factors in assessing the risk of hip fractures in elderly women.MethodsNinety elderly females who sustained hip fractures (including femoral neck fractures and intertrochanteric fractures) and 110 female outpatients without a hip fracture were included in our cross‐sectional study from 24 November 2017 to 20 May 2019. The age of subjects in the present study was ≥65 years, with the mean age of 78.73 ± 7.77 and 78.09 ± 5.03 years for women with and without elderly hip fractures, respectively. Bone mineral density (BMD), Beta‐carboxy terminal telopeptide (β‐CTX), N‐terminal/mid region (N‐MID), and 25(OH)D levels were analyzed. A novel evaluation model was established to evaluate combined indicators in assessing hip fractures in elderly women.ResultsCompared with the control group, taller height (155.68 ± 6.40 vs 150.97 ± 6.23, P < 0.01), higher levels of β‐CTX (525.91 ± 307.38 vs 330.94 ± 289.71, P < 0.01), and lower levels of total hip BMD (0.662 ± 0.117 vs 0.699 ± 0.111, P = 0.022), femoral neck BMD (0.598 ± 0.106 vs 0.637 ± 0.100, P = 0.009), and 25(OH)D (15.67 ± 7.23 vs 29.53 ± 10.57, P < 0.01) were found in the facture group. After adjustment for confounding factors, logistic regression analysis revealed that 25(OH)D (adjusted OR 0.837 [95% CI 0.790–0.886]; P < 0.01), femoral neck BMD (adjusted OR 0.009 [95% CI 0.000–0.969]; P = 0.048) and height (adjusted OR 1.207 [95% CI 1.116–1.306]; P < 0.01) remained risk factors for hip fractures in elderly women. Then a model including independent risk factors was established. A DeLong test showed the area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) (Area under the curve [AUC]) of 25(OH)D was significantly greater than that for femoral neck BMD (P < 0.01) and height (P < 0.01). The AUC of model including 25(OH)D and height was significantly greater than that of other combinations (P < 0.01).Conclusion25(OH)D, femoral neck BMD and height were associated with the occurrence of hip fractures in elderly women even after adjustment for confounding factors, and a model including 25(OH)D and height could provide better associated power than other combinations in the assessment of elderly hip fractures.
The durability of minimally invasive lumbar decompression procedure in patients with symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis: Long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Mekhail Nagy , Costandi Shrif , Nageeb George , Ekladios Catherine , Saied Ogena 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundMinimally invasive lumbar decompression (mild®) has been shown to be safe and effective for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis patients with hypertrophic ligamentum flavum as a contributing factor. This study examines the long‐term durability of themildprocedure through 5‐year follow‐up. Pain relief and opioid medications utilization during 12‐month follow‐up were also assessed.MethodsAll patients diagnosed with lumbar spinal stenosis secondary to ligamentum flavum hypertrophy who underwentmildfrom 2010 through 2015 at the Cleveland Clinic Department of Pain Management were included in this retrospective longitudinal observational cohort study. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of open lumbar decompression surgery at the same level(s) as themildintervention during 5‐year follow‐up. Secondary outcome measures were the change in pain levels using the Numeric Rating Scale and opioid medications utilization using Morphine Milligram Equivalent dose per day from baseline to 3, 6, and 12 months post‐mildprocedure. Postprocedural complications (minor or major) were also collected.ResultsSeventy‐five patients receivedmildduring the protocol‐defined time period and were included in the study. Only 9 out of 75 patients required lumbar surgical decompression during the 5‐year follow‐up period. Subjects experienced statistically significant pain relief and reduction of opioid medications utilization at 3, 6, and 12 months compared to baseline.ConclusionBased on our analysis, themildprocedure is durable over 5 years and may allow elderly patients with symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis to avoid lumbar decompression surgery while providing significant symptomatic relief.
Desire for power mediates associations between narcissism and mate retention behaviors
Authors: Zeigler‐Hill Virgil , Andrews David , Borgerding Karla 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe present research examined whether the associations that narcissistic personality features had with mate retention behaviors were mediated by the desire to have more power in the relationship. Across three studies (N = 497), narcissistic personality features had divergent associations with mate retention behaviors such that the assertive/extraverted and vulnerable/neurotic aspects of narcissism often had positive associations with benefit‐provisioning behaviors, whereas the antagonistic/disagreeable aspect of narcissism had positive associations with cost‐inflicting behaviors that were mediated by the desire for power. Similar patterns emerged for those involved in heterosexual or LGBTQ relationships. Discussion focuses on the implications of these results for the role that the desire for power plays in the connections between narcissistic personality features and mate retention behaviors.
Authoritarians Go with the Flow: Social Norms Moderate the Link between Right‐Wing Authoritarianism and Outgroup‐Directed Attitudes
Authors: Górska Paulina , Stefaniak Anna , Lipowska Katarzyna , Malinowska Katarzyna , Skrodzka Magdalena , Marchlewska Marta 
Published: May 2021

This research aimed to provide a more nuanced understanding of the relations between social norms, right‐wing authoritarianism (RWA), outgroup‐directed prejudice, and hostile behavioral intentions toward outgroups. Three correlational studies, conducted in two countries and three different intergroup contexts (n1 = 997; n2 = 1011; n3 = 1992), investigated the moderating role of social norms (both positive and negative) on the relation between RWA and expression of prejudice as well as behavioral intentions toward outgroups. We found that in the presence of positive (i.e., tolerant) social norms, the previously well‐established positive relation between RWA and prejudice is reduced or even reversed, whereas in the presence of negative (i.e., intolerant) social norms, this relation is strengthened. Additionally, the lower (vs. higher) prejudice of high‐RWA individuals in the presence of positive (vs. negative) social norms mediated the link between RWA and behavioral intentions toward outgroups. The present research constitutes the first comprehensive demonstration of authoritarians' potential to be less prejudiced in response to prevailing tolerant social norms.
The influence of motivation and emotion on sensorimotor rhythm‐based brain–computer interface performance
Authors: Kleih‐Dahms Sonja C. , Botrel Loic , Kübler Andrea 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhile decades of research have investigated and technically improved brain–computer interface (BCI)‐controlled applications, relatively little is known about the psychological aspects of brain–computer interfacing. In 35 healthy students, we investigated whether extrinsic motivation manipulated via monetary reward and emotional state manipulated via video and music would influence behavioral and psychophysiological measures of performance with a sensorimotor rhythm (SMR)‐based BCI. We found increased task‐related brain activity in extrinsically motivated (rewarded) as compared with nonmotivated participants but no clear effect of emotional state manipulation. Our experiment investigated the short‐term effect of motivation and emotion manipulation in a group of young healthy subjects, and thus, the significance for patients in the locked‐in state, who may be in need of a BCI, remains to be investigated.