bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF IN-HOUSE BIOCHEMICAL TESTING FOR IDENTIFICATION OF ENTEROCOCCUS SPECIES ISOLATED FROM VARIOUS CLINICAL SPECIMENSAGAINST VITEK 2 SYSTEM
Authors: Sarwar Mariam , Gardezi Syed Adeel Hussain , Zaman Gohar , Ikram Aamer , Hussain Wajid , Khadim Muhammad Tahir 
Published: February 2021

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of in-house biochemical testing for identification of enterococcus species isolated from various clinical specimens against gold standard i.e., automated Vitek 2 system. This study also includes the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of enterococci against various antimicrobials.
Study Design: Cross-sectional comparative study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi,from Apr 2017 to Mar 2018.
Methodology: A total of 218 isolates from various clinical specimens suspected to be Enterococcus spp. werechecked by in-house biochemical testing including bile esculin, 6.5% NaCl and 1% arabinose and results werecompared with Vitek 2 compact system. The frequencies were determined by both systems and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion as per clinical and laboratory standards institute guidelines.
Results: Comparing the results of in-house testing with gold standard i.e., Vitek 2 system, the statistical data was calculated. Sensitivity turned out to be 100%, Specificity was found to be 68.75%. Positive and negative predictive values were 97.58% and 100% respectively. Accuracy turned out to be 97.71%.
Conclusion: The in-house biochemical testing can be quite a useful method for identification of enterococci inresource-limited settings. However, it requires overight incubation and cannot identify other enterococcal species and non-enterococcal species. Vitek 2 is an automated system that is easy-to-handle, provides a rapid and reasonably accurate identification of enterococci alongwith accurate AST results. Enterococcal isolates from various clinical specimens in our setup showed least resistance to linezolid, followed by teicoplanin and vancomycin. Nitrofurantoin and.............
DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF DRUG SCREENING IMMUNOASSAYS IN DRUG FACILITATED CRIMES
Authors: Dawood Sadia , Hafeez Ayesha , Ijaz Aamir , Moeen Summera , Memon Asif Ali , Mubarik Sumaira 
Published: February 2021

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of immunoassays in drug screening as required in emergency for the rapid diagnosis of drug intoxication in travel related crimes.
Study Design: Diagnostic accuracy study.
Place and Duration of Study: department of Chemical Pathology and Endocrinology, Armed Forces Institute ofPathology, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jul 2017 to Jun 2018.
Methodology: Sealed urine specimens of 77 patients with history of suspected intoxication in drugs facilitatedstreet crimes, received for toxicology screening were included in the study. All the specimens were analysed,initially on immunoassay (index test) and then on Triple Quadrupole Liquid chromatography–Mass spectrometry (reference standard). Benzodiazepine being the main class of drugs involved in travel related crimes, diagnostic accuracy of immunoassay technique was assessed for these by calculating its sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value.
Results: Victims were predominantly males and public transportation was the most common mode of transport. The most commonly used drug was Lorazepam. Immunoassay failed to detect few cases who were shown to be intoxicated with benzodiazepines by liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The false negative rate was 4.9%. Only one false positive case was observed. The accuracy was calculated to be 94.8% with sensitivity of 95.08% and specificity of 93.7%.
Conclusion: Immunoassay was found reliable for rapid testing in drug facilitated intoxication cases. Howevercritical decision making should be done cautiously keeping in mind the limitations associated with thesescreening procedures.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF TACROLIMUS 0.03% OINTMENT VS OLOPATADINE 0.2% EYE DROPS IN THE TREATMENT OF VERNAL KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS
Authors: Rathore Hassan Sajjad , Saeed Shahzad , Mukhtar M. Ahsan , Ijaz Umar , Habib Asad , Ghaus Iqra 
Published: February 2021

Objective: To compare the efficacy of tacrolimus 0.03% ointment to olopatadine 0.2% eye drops in the treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis.
Study Design: Prospective cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Eye Department Combined Military Hospital Quetta, from Feb to Jul 2019.
Methodology: A total of 69 patients with active vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) were included in this study.Thirty six (52.17%) patients were randomized in tacrolimus group and 33 (47.83%) in olopatadine group B.Baseline values of the subjective symptom score (SSS) and the objective sign score (OSS) were noted. Patientswere reviewed on weeks 2, 4, 8 and 12 and the scores at each visit were summed. These scores were used forcomparison between groups.
Results: At the start of the study, the mean subjective symptoms score and objective sign score of group A was 9.0 ± 2.04 and 3.93 ± 1.93 respectively, while that of group B was 8.88 ± 2.18 and 4.36 ± 1.90 respectively. At the end of 12-weeks, the mean subjective symptoms score and objective sign score of group A reduced to 0.11 ± 0.32 and 0.08 ± 0.28 respectively, while that of group B reduced to 1.70 ± 0.77 and 0.64 ± 0.55 respectively. Total improvement of scores (as a percentage of baselines) among tacrolimus group was 98.3% and olopatadine group was 83%.
Conclusion: Although both 0.03% tacrolimus and 0.2% olopatadine were effective in improving the signs andsymptoms of VKC, 0.03% tacrolimus was significantly superior.
COMPLIANCE TO SURVIVING SEPSIS CAMPAIGN HOUR–1 BUNDLE–A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY AMONG PHYSICIANS INVOLVED IN CRITICAL CARE IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Feroze Rehana , Tariq Muhammad , Toor Abdul Wasay 
Published: February 2021

Objective: To determine physician’s compliance to surviving sepsis campaign updated Hour-one bundle incritically ill patients in Pakistan.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anaesthesiology, Combined Military Hospital Lahore MedicalCollege, from Jun to Aug 2019.
Methodology: This study was carried out among physicians managing critical patients in intensive care units.Participants were asked to fill out a 16-questions survey (work experience, qualification and individual components of surviving sepsis campaign hour-1 bundle. Data was collected using online access to survey and by sending hard copies.
Results: Questionnaire was sent to 230 physicians while only 63 responses were received (response rate 27%).Only 45 (71%) respondents were aware of the updated Hour-1 bundle. There was no institutional protocolfor compliance to sepsis bundles in thirty three (55%) responses. 52% respondents used Systemic inflammatoryresponse syndrome (SIRS) criteria to diagnose sepsis while quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA)was used by 36% respondents. Overall compliance to hour-1 bundle components was only 60%. Lactate levelswas not measured by 35 (55%) respondents while 24 (38%) did not obtain blood cultures before administeringantibiotics. Crystalloid and nor epinephrine was used by all respondents. Overall compliance with all the components of sepsis bundle had strong correlation with post-graduate qualification (p-value 0.001-0.049).
Conclusion: Poor compliance to updated sepsis guidelines was one of the major reasons of high sepsis relatedmortality in Pakistan.
COMPARATIVE IN- VITRO EVALUATION OF VANCOMYCIN MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATIONBY AGAR DILUTION AND E-STRIP IN METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
Authors: Ilyas Sheroze , Munir Tehmina , Sadaf Rabia , Gilani Mehreen 
Published: February 2021

Objective: To compare the in-vitro efficacy by determining Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Vancomycinusing the reference Agar Dilution to the E-Strip in Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates.
Study Design: Validation study.
Place and Duration of Study: The department of Microbiology Army Medical College/National University ofMedical Sciences in collaboration with Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Dec 2016 to Dec 2017.
Methodology: Non-duplicate 84 isolates of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus from various clinical specimens were included in the study. All these isolates were screened for susceptibility to glycopeptide by E-strips method (Bio mérieux) as well as Agar Dilution method, using vancomycin concentrations of 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, 4.00 and 8.00µgm/ml respectively in two fold serial dilutions.
Results: There was an overall agreement on 83 samples by both the methods i.e. 83 were Vancomycin SensitiveStaphylococcus aureus by both methods while one isolate with intermediate resistance to Vancomycin was onlydetected by Agar Dilution. The sensitivity of the E–strips compared to Agar Dilution was found to be 100%. Thepositive predictive value was 98.8% with a diagnostic accuracy of 98.8%. Specificity and negative predictive valuecould not be ascertained for E-strips because of the limitation of the method to detect the Vancomycin Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates.
Conclusion: E-strip can be a convenient alternative to the gold standard Agar Dilution but its inability to identifyVISA challenges its reliability in determining the Vancomycin resistance in MRSA isolates.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EXPRESSION OF ANDROGEN RECEPTOR IN TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CARCINOMA AT ARMED FORCES INSTITUTE OF PATHOLOGY, RAWALPINDI
Authors: Ameer Amna , Akhtar Farhan , Ud Din Hafeez , Ahmad Rabia 
Published: February 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of immunohistochemical expression of androgen receptor in triplenegative breast carcinoma.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Duration and Place of Study: This study included 30 cases confirmed as triple negative breast carcinoma atArmed Forces Institute of Pathology Rawalpindi, from Jan to Jul 2018.
Methodology: Anti-androgen receptor antibody was applied and assessed. Positive expression was defined asgreater and equal to 10% nuclear immunostaining. SPSS-24 was used for analyzing data.
Results: Out of 30 cases of triple negative breast carcinoma (TNBC), all patients were female. Patients’ agesranged between 21-72 years with a mean age of 46.35 years and a standard deviation of ± 13.4. Androgen receptor expression was positive in 8 cases (27%) of all triple negative breast carcinomas. Out of these androgen receptor (AR) triple negative breast carcinomas; all 8 cases were of histological subtype invasive ductal (mammary) carcinoma, non special type, 7 cases (23%) were of histological grade 3 and 1 was of histological grade 2.
Conclusion: Androgen receptor expression is observed in 8 cases (27%) of triple negative breast carcinoma cases. Such patients can be selected as candidates for anti- androgen receptor targeted therapy.
NON-INVASIVE TOOLS TO ASSESS THE RISK OF VARICES-NEEDING-TREATMENT IN CIRRHOSIS SECONDARY TO HCV
Authors: Alam Laima , Saeed Farrukh 
Published: February 2021

Objective: To assess the non-invasive biomarkers of fibrosis for predicting varices-needing-treatment in patients with cirrhosis secondary to chronic-hepatitis-C.
Study Design: Cross sectional comparative study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Gastroenterology, Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Jan 2017 to Dec 2017.
Methodology: A total of 153 patients aged 18-79 with cirrhosis, whether compensated or decompensated, secondary to chronic-hepatitis-C were enrolled. Relevant serum tests were used to calculate non-invasive fibrosis indices and their diagnostic performance to predict the presence of varices and varices-needing-treatment was calculated.
Results: King’s score showed the best performance in detecting varices due to high positive predictive value of 96.4% and positive likelihood ratio of 2.4. Overall, all the non-invasive fibrosis indices exhibited good performance with positive predictive value >85% but none could rule out the presence of varices with adequate reliability due to low negative-predictive-value (<65%). King’s score exhibited relatively higher positive-predictivevalue (70%) and negative predictive value (51.1%) and the lowest negative-likelihood-ratio (0.6) for predicting varices needing treatment. Taken together, none of the non-invasive biomarkers of fibrosis could predict the presence of varices-needing-treatment with adequate accuracy due to low positive-predictive-value (<85%) andlow negative-predictive-value (<65%).
Conclusion: The calculated non-invasive biomarkers of fibrosis and their optimum cutoff values showed modest accuracy for predicting varices and varices-needing-treatment. These indices may be used as first-line screening method for segregation of clinically significant portal hypertension and high risk esophageal varices-needingtreatment but may not be able to replace the gold standards like Fibroscan liver and Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient measurements.
Mortalidade na infância no Brasil e regiões no período de 2000 a 2011:
Authors: Gomes Tabatha Gonçalves Andrade Castelo Branco , Ferreira Leonardo dos Santos , Queiroz Murilo Neves de , Reis Netto Paulo Batista dos , Bezerra Vinícius Neves , Costa Ana Maria 
Published: February 2021

Objetivos: Analisar as tendências da mortalidade na infância no Brasil e regiões, no período de 2000 a 2011, e correlacionar as tendências de duas das mais prevalentes causas de óbito na infância, doença diarreica aguda e infecção respiratória aguda, com a cobertura da atenção básicano Brasil e regiões.Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico que visa estimar o efeito da atenção básica na taxa de mortalidade na infância. Foram coletados dados de cobertura populacional do Programa Saúde da Família, indicadores de saúde e informações demográficas, obtidos no DATASUS, base de dados disponibilizada pelo Ministério da Saúde, no período de 2000 a 2011.Resultados: No Brasil, a Taxa de Mortalidade na Infância vem apresentando tendência constante de queda, com uma redução de 41,1% no período analisado enquanto a cobertura nacional da atenção básica no período de 2000 a 2011 teve aumento de 36%. A mortalidade na infância por doença diarreica aguda apresentou redução de 78,98%; enquanto que a mortalidade na infância por infecção respiratória aguda reduziu em 48,40%.Discussão: A tendência nacional é de queda global da mortalidade na infância no período analisado. Em 2000, a classificação nacional da taxa de mortalidade na infância era média (30,1/1000 NV), enquanto em 2011, baixa (17,7/1000 NV). A cobertura populacional realizada pela atenção básica foi maior nas regiões com as maiores TMI (Norte e Nordeste) as quais demonstraram maiores decréscimos. Os dados apontam que a expansão do PSF, juntamente com outras melhorias em condições socioeconômicas, está associada a reduções na mortalidade na infância.
Considerações bioéticas sobre o processo de trabalho do cirurgião dentista na saúde suplementar
Authors: Moraes Daniela Abreu de , Maluf Fabiano , Tauil Pedro Luiz , Cordón Portillo Jorge Alberto 
Published: February 2021

Introdução: Conhecer o funcionamento do setor de saúde suplementar na área da odontologia. Objetivos: Avaliar a percepção do cirurgião-dentista, o grau de satis‑ fação, sua autonomia e a vulnerabilidade em relação a seu processo de trabalho em uma análise bioética, bem como sua relação com operadoras de odontologia suplementar no atendimento aos beneficiários dos planos de saúde em duas modalidades: Autogestão e Odontologia de Grupo.
Material e método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa do tipo inquérito, cujos dados foram coletados por meio de 108 questionários respondidos por cirurgiões-dentistas em Brasília-DF. Os profissionais foram selecionados ao acaso e foram entrevistados entre os meses de setembro de 2009 e maio de 2010.
Resultados: A inserção e consolidação no mercado de trabalho estão insatisfatórias para o cirurgião-dentista (87,1%), bem como o grau de satisfação pelo ressarcimento financeiro da odontologia como prática de trabalho, pois 57,4% dos profissionais responderam que a odontologia como prática de trabalho não atende suas necessidades financeiras. O profissional apresenta vulnerabilidade frente a algumas operadoras que credenciam seus serviços pela injusta remuneração e pela perda da de‑ cisão ético-tecnológica.
Conclusões: O profissional ainda tem certa autonomia para decidir o plano de tratamento, mas encontra-se vulnerável diante do mercado da odontologia suplementar. A reflexão dessas questões à luz da bioética permite redimensionar novas discussões na busca de soluções éticas e políticas que espelhem em dignidade ao profissional e benefícios à população coberta pela assistência suplementar.
Perfil epidemiológico de motociclista atendido por trauma cranioencefálico na sala amarela em hospital de referência
Authors: Da cunha Emilia cruz 
Published: February 2021

Introdução. O trauma cranioencefálico é a maior causa de morte em adultos jovens, relacionada a acidentes automobilísticos, sendo os motociclistas mais vulneráveis se comparados a outros condutores. No Distrito Federal, este é o segundo veículo mais usado, com um aumento de 88% em dez anos. Com isso, observou-se também um maior número de novos casos de TCE.
Objetivo.Caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes vítimas de TCE atendidos na sala amarela do Centro de Trauma do Hospital de um Hospital de referência, pela descrição de dados sociodemográfico e clínico desses pacientes, e análise de associação entre o estado clínico das vítimas com a terapêutica implementada e com tempo total do atendimento.
Metodologia.Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, estratificado e transversal, realizado em um hospital público do Distrito Federal. Foram coletados os dados de uma amostra de 54 pacientes, durante o período de março a agosto do anos 2016.
Resultado.Os resultados revelaram que a maioria dos motociclistas eram do sexo masculino (77,78%), na faixa etária entre 20-39 anos (59,26%). Os eventos ocorreram com maior frequência nas segundas-feiras (22,22%), no período diurno (68,52%), e 25,93% estavam ligados ao trajeto do trabalho. Ao contrário do que se esperavam, o índice de libação alcóolica foi baixo (9,26%). O principal meio de atendimento pré-hospitalar foi pelo Corpo Militar de Bombeiros (59,26%). O destino principal das vítimas foi a alta hospitalar (46,30%). Os dados analisados demostraram-se úteis para melhorar a organização do atendimento as vítimas e elaboração de estratégias de prevenção a acidentes.
O uso off label de metilfenidato entre estudantes de medicina para aprimoramento do desempenho acadêmico
Authors: Tolentino Jacqueline Elene de Faria , Netto José Paulo da Silva 
Published: February 2021

Objetivo : identificar a frequência de uso do Metilfenidato pelos estudantes de medicina em uma Faculdade de Medicina em Brasília - Distrito Federal. Métodos: estudo observacional, analítico e transversal. Utilizou-se um questionário fechado, aplicado aos alunos da 1ª a 5ª série do curso de Medicina. Os dados foram tabulados e analisados no programa IBM SPSS 20.0. Utilizou-se o nível de significância α ≤ 0,05 e as variáveis nominais comparadas através do teste Qui-quadrado. Conclusão: é conhecido o abuso do uso do Metilfenidato entre os estudantes de medicina dessa faculdade com o objetivo de aperfeiçoar os resultados acadêmicos. Mais da metade tem acesso à droga sem a prescrição médica.
Avaliação da acurácia de testes diagnósticos sorológicos para o vírus Zika
Authors: Pastorello Verotti Mariana , Maura Chagas Moreira de Lima Coelho Flávia , Barbosa Camargo Erika , Maierovitch Pessanha Henriques Claudio , Guerra Gallo Luciana , Tavares Silva Elias Flavia , Savignon Marinho Daniel 
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar acurácia de testes sorológicos para diagnóstico de Zika. Método: Utilizadas as bases: Embase, Cochrane, Pubmed e Portal de Evidências da BVS. Critérios de inclusão consideraram intervenção, indicação e desenho do estudo. Na avaliação de qualidade de evidências aplicou-se a classificação de QUADAS II. Resultados: Selecionados 3 artigos que referem à avaliação e acurácia de testes IgM e IgG, comparado com o método de biologia molecular RT- PCR e o PRNT como padrão ouro. Conclusão: Dadas as características e velocidade de propagação da doença, testes diagnósticos acessíveis, precisos e de baixo custo são ferramentas essenciais para o trabalho de atenção e vigilância.
Tuberculosis treatment adherence in homeless population: an overview and policy dialogue
Authors: Elias Flávia Tavares Silva , Pereira Ana Carolina Esteves da Silva , Gallo Luciana Guerra , Camargo Erika Barbosa , Pereira Daniella Cristina Rodrigues 
Published: February 2021

Objective: we conducted an overview of systematic reviews aiming to describe the existing interventions to increase the adherence to the TB’s treatment by homeless people. Methods: The effects and local applicability of these interventions in Brazil were obtained in a policy dialogue with stakeholders. Results: Four interventions were effective: Financial incentives; Housing; Case management Programs; Assertive community treatment. Conclusion: It is recommended to combine all interventions to achieve effectiveness.
TRANSPARANSI PEMERINTAH DESA TERHADAP PENGELOLAAN DANA DESA TALAWE KECAMATAN WATANG SIDENRENG KABUPATEN SIDENRENG RAPPANG
Authors: Ridwan Muhammad 
Published: February 2021

Absract

This study aims to determine the transparency of the village government in Talawe Village, Watang Sidenreng District, Sidenreng Rappang Regency, to find out the management of village funds in Talawe Village, Watang Sidenreng District, Sidenreng Rappang District, and to determine village government transparency in village fund management in Talawe Village, Watang Sidenreng District Sidenreng Rappang. The population in this study was 345 heads of households in which the sampling used was Non-Probability Sampling, with a Purposive sampling technique with a total sample of 35 people. This study used a Quantitative Descriptive Method. Data collection techniques used through observation, questionnaires (questionnaires), library studies, and interviews. The data analysis technique used is frequency tabulation analysis and simple regression analysis with the help of the SPSS version 16.0 program. The results of this study indicate that the Transparency of the Village Government in Talawe Village, Watang Sidenreng District, Sidenreng Rappang Regency has an average percentage of 58% categorized as "Fairly Good", while village fund management in Talawe Village, Watang Sidenreng District, Sidenreng Rappang District, an average of 57% categorized "Pretty good". Then as for village government transparency in managing village funds in Talawe Village, Watang Sidenreng District, Sidenreng Rappang Regency, it is said to be quite good, where the value of t count = 5.045> t table = 2,035 with a significance value of 0,000 <0.05 with a percentage of 43.5%. Ho rejected and H1 accepted.

Keywords: Transparency, Village Funds, Village Government