bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The adverse impact of the Covid‐19 pandemic on the labor market in Cameroon
Authors: Djoumessi Yannick Fosso 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper analyzes the impacts of the Covid‐19 pandemic on employment in Cameroon. Using data collected from a rapid survey led by the National Institute of Statistics, on a sample of 1,310 respondents from April to May 2020. These data show that a large proportion of workers suffered a wage cut (60.93%) and temporary job suspension (31.6%), and the smallest proportion suffered job loss (7.47%). The results of the logistic regression show that lower frequency of outgoings to work, difficulties in accessing transport services and the loss of customer confidence have a strong negative impact on both wage cuts and temporary suspensions of work. The closure (total or partial) of activities has increasingly enhanced job loss. Further, the log of odds show that workers in private firms are more affected than their peers in public firms, and the middle‐aged are the most affected group. So, it is recommended to revamp the old methods of activity into digital innovation that enables less physical touch and find an appropriate way to support those who have lost their jobs during this Covid‐19 pandemic, particularly in the private sector.
Antenatal prediction models for short‐ and medium‐term outcomes in preterm infants
Authors: Ushida Takafumi , Moriyama Yoshinori , Nakatochi Masahiro , Kobayashi Yumiko , Imai Kenji , Nakano‐Kobayashi Tomoko , Nakamura Noriyuki , Hayakawa Masahiro , Kajiyama Hiroaki , Kotani Tomomi ,   for the Neonatal Research Network of Japan
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionIn extremely and very preterm infants, predicting individual risks for adverse outcomes antenatally is challenging but necessary for risk‐stratified perinatal management and parents’ participation in decision‐making about treatment. Our aim was to develop and validate prediction models for short‐term (neonatal period) and medium‐term (3 years of age) outcomes based on antenatal maternal and fetal factors alone.Material and methodsA population‐based study was conducted on 31 157 neonates weighing ≤1500 g and born between 22 and 31 weeks of gestation registered in the Neonatal Research Network of Japan during 2006–2015. Short‐term outcomes were assessed in 31 157 infants and medium‐term outcomes were assessed in 13 751 infants among the 31 157 infants. The clinical data were randomly divided into training and validation data sets in a ratio of 2:1. The prediction models were developed by factors selected using stepwise logistic regression from 12 antenatal maternal and fetal factors with the training data set. The number of factors incorporated into the model varied from 3 to 10, on the basis of each outcome. To evaluate predictive performance, the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) was calculated for each outcome with the validation data set.ResultsAmong short‐term outcomes, AUROCs for in‐hospital death, chronic lung disease, intraventricular hemorrhage (grade III or IV) and periventricular leukomalacia were 0.85 (95% CI 0.83–0.86), 0.80 (95% CI 0.79–0.81), 0.78 (95% CI 0.75–0.80), and 0.58 (95% CI 0.55–0.61), respectively. Among medium‐term outcomes, AUROCs for cerebral palsy and developmental quotient of <70 at 3 years of age were 0.66 (95% CI 0.63–0.69) and 0.72 (95% CI 0.70–0.74), respectively.ConclusionsAlthough the predictive performance of these models varied for each outcome, their discriminative ability for in‐hospital death, chronic lung disease, and intraventricular hemorrhage (grade III or IV) was relatively good. We provided a bedside prediction tool for calculating the likelihood of various infant complications for clinical use. To develop these prediction models would be valuable in each country, and these risk assessment tools could facilitate risk‐stratified perinatal management and parents’ shared understanding of their infants' subsequent risks.
Epiretinal membrane: A review
Authors: Fung Adrian T. , Galvin Justin , Tran Tuan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe prevalence of epiretinal membrane (ERM) is 7% to 11.8%, with increasing age being the most important risk factor. Although most ERM is idiopathic, common secondary causes include cataract surgery, retinal vascular disease, uveitis and retinal tears. The myofibroblastic pre‐retinal cells are thought to transdifferentiate from glial and retinal pigment epithelial cells that reach the retinal surface via defects in the internal limiting membrane (ILM) or from the vitreous cavity. Grading schemes have evolved from clinical signs to ocular coherence tomography (OCT) based classification with associated features such as the cotton ball sign. Features predictive of better prognosis include absence of ectopic inner foveal layers, cystoid macular oedema, acquired vitelliform lesions and ellipsoid and cone outer segment termination defects. OCT‐angiography shows reduced size of the foveal avascular zone. Vitrectomy with membrane peeling remains the mainstay of treatment for symptomatic ERMs. Additional ILM peeling reduces recurrence but is associated with anatomical changes including inner retinal dimpling.
Feasibility and safety of calcium alginate hydrogel sealant for the treatment of cryptoglandular fistula‐in‐ano: phase I/IIa clinical trial
Authors: de la Portilla Fernando , Dios‐Barbeito Sandra , Maestre‐Sánchez María Victoria , Vázquez‐Monchul Jorge Manuel , García‐Cabrera Ana María , Ramallo Irene , Reyes‐Díaz María Luisa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimComplex perianal fistulas pose a challenge to the surgeon since the fistulous tract must be eliminated without impairing continence. Although without strong scientific evidence, some bibliography has demonstrated the efficacy of some sealants in the treatment of anal fistulas. We aimed to assess the feasibility and safety of calcium alginate hydrogel injections into the fistulous tract as treatment for trans‐sphincteric cryptoglandular fistulas.MethodsA prospective, single‐centre, case series of this novel technique was conducted in a level 3 Spanish hospital, including patients diagnosed with trans‐sphincteric perianal fistulas and treated with a calcium alginate hydrogel sealant. A strict follow‐up was performed by an independent surgeon at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. The main outcome measures were feasibility, safety (number of adverse events) and efficacy of the treatment.ResultsTwenty patients were treated. The treatment was performed for all patients. Seven adverse events related to the injection product or the surgical procedure were identified. After a 12‐month follow‐up, 12 patients were completely cured and eight were not cured, with a greater response in the first 6 months. These findings were confirmed by endoanal ultrasound, with a Cohen's kappa concordance rate of 0.89. No statistically significant differences were observed in pain measured using the visual analogue scale, faecal incontinence measured using the Wexner scoring system, and quality of life analysed by the SF‐36 Health Survey.ConclusionThe treatment was feasible, safe and with discrete satisfactory healing results. It also demonstrated an acceptable safety profile, without worsening of faecal incontinence, quality of life and pain following treatment.
Fretting fatigue life assessment of overhead conductors using a clamp/conductor numerical model and biaxial fretting fatigue tests on individual wires
Authors: Omrani Amine , Langlois Sebastien , Van Dyke Pierre , Lalonde Sebastien , Karganroudi Sasan Sattarpanah , Dieng Lamine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe fatigue life of overhead conductors is usually evaluated through experimental tests on clamp/conductor assemblies. Some recent studies aim to estimate the fatigue life of conductors using uniaxial tests on individual strands. This paper presents an innovative method for assessing the fretting fatigue life of overhead conductors combining the effect of both tension and bending loadings. It consists of coupling a numerical approach based on modeling the clamp/conductor assembly using the finite element method and an experimental one based on fretting fatigue tests on individual wires. A biaxial fretting fatigue test rig has been developed and validated through preliminary tests performed on 1350‐H19 aluminum wires under uniaxial and an equivalent biaxial loading. Tension and bending loadings obtained from the numerical model were then applied on individual wires. Results showed a good correspondence with existing experimental data of the fatigue tests carried on the aluminum conductor steel reinforced (ACSR) Bersfort conductor with a metal‐to‐metal suspension clamp.
Modeling GaseousCO2Flow Behavior in Layered Basalts: Dimensional Analysis and Aquifer Response
Authors: D'Aniello Andrea , Tómasdóttir Sigrún , Sigfússon Bergur , Fabbricino Massimiliano 
Published: March 2021

AbstractParticular attention is paid to the risk of carbon dioxide (CO2) leakage in geologic carbon sequestration (GCS) operations, as it might lead to the failure of sequestration efforts and to the contamination of underground sources of drinking water. As carbon dioxide would eventually reach shallower formations under its gaseous state, understanding its multiphase flow behavior is essential. To this aim, a hypothetical gaseous leak of carbon dioxide resulting from a well integrity failure of the GCS system in operation at Hellisheiði (CarbFix2) is here modeled. Simulations show that migration of gaseous carbon dioxide is largely affected by formation stratigraphy, intrinsic permeability, and retention properties, whereas the initial groundwater hydraulic gradient (0.0284) has practically no effect. In two different scenarios, about 18.3 and 30.6% of the CO2that would have been injected by the GCS system for 3 days could be potentially released again into the atmosphere due to a sustained leakage of the same duration. As the gaseous leak occurs, the aquifer experiences high pressure buildups, and the presence of a less conductive layer further magnifies these. Strikingly, the dimensional analysis showed that buoyant and viscous forces can be comparable over time within the predicted gaseous plumes, even far from the leakage source. Local pressure gradients, buoyant, viscous, and capillary forces all play an important role during leakage. Therefore, neglecting one or more of these contributions might lead to a partial prediction of gaseous CO2flow behavior in the subsurface, giving space to incorrect interpretations and wrong operational choices.
Glycerol‐enhancing heat‐moisture treatment of A‐type rice and cassava starches and B‐type potato and canna starches
Authors: Chatpapamon Chatsachee , Uttapap Dudsadee , Wandee Yuree , Puttanlek Chureerat , Rungsardthong Vilai 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEffects of glycerol on the heat‐moisture treatment (HMT) of A‐type rice and cassava starches and B‐type potato and canna starches were investigated. Starch samples were soaked in water or glycerol solution, adjusted to 25% moisture, and then subjected to HMT at 100 °C for 1, 6, and 16 h. Pasting profiles of all four starches plasticised with water clearly showed the B‐type potato and canna starches were more susceptible to HMT than the A‐type rice and cassava starches. The effect of HMT on the pasting properties of glycerol‐plasticised samples was inconclusive; the B‐type canna and A‐type cassava starches were altered, but not the B‐type potato and A‐type rice starches, which remained comparable to the water‐plasticised samples. Thus, the type of plasticiser as well as the environment surrounding the crystalline region, which is specific to each starch type, also affect the alteration of starch during HMT.
The TGF‐β/miR‐31/CEACAM1‐S axis inhibits CD4+CD25+Treg differentiation in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Liu Yanjuan , Li Caiyan , Yang Yang , Li Tao , Xu Yunfei , Zhang Wenqin , Li Muyuan , Xiao Yizhi , Hu Jie , Liu Ke , Li Quanzhen , Gui Ming , Zuo Xiaoxia , Li Yisha , Zhang Huali 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDefects causing concomitant loss of CD25 expression in regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been identified in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the cause of this deficiency is not fully understood. Carcinoembryonic antigen related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1), an immune co‐receptor, contributes to general T‐cell function and activation. Our previous study revealed that CEACAM1 expression was upregulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with SLE. However, its role remains unclear. Herein, we confirmed CEACAM1, especially CEACAM1‐S, was upregulated in PBMCs from patients with SLE. CEACAM1‐S over‐expression inhibits CD4+CD25+Treg differentiation, whereas knockdown of CEACAM1 had the opposite effectin vitro. CEACAM1‐S is the target of miR‐31. MiR‐31 mimic inhibits CEACAM1 expression and enhances CD4+CD25+Treg differentiation, which was reversed by CEACAM1‐S over‐expression. Moreover, the circulating TGF‐β level was upregulated in SLE patients and TGF‐β reduced miR‐31 expression via enhancing NF‐κB activity. Importantly, CEACAM1 and TGF‐β mRNA levels were downregulated, while the miR‐31 level and the abundance of CD4+CD25+Tregs were increased in inactive patients compared with that in patients with active SLE. In addition, CEACAM1‐S expression was positively correlated with the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score, while CD4+CD25+Treg abundance and miR‐31 level were negatively correlated with the SLEDAI score. In conclusion, reduced activity of miR‐31 by TGF‐β, via the inhibition of NF‐ᴋB, acted to inhibit the differentiation of CD4+CD25+Tregs by directly targeting CEACAM1‐S and to promote autoimmunity.
Investigating the mediating role of online learning motivation in the COVID‐19 pandemic situation in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md. H Asibur , Uddin Mohammad Shahab , Dey Anamika 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the mediating role of online learning motivation (OLM) in the COVID‐19 pandemic situation in Bangladesh by observing and comparing direct lectures (DL), instructor–learner interaction (ILI), learner–learner interaction (LLI), and internet self‐efficacy (ISE) as predictors of OLM and online learning satisfaction (OLS). Data were collected from 442 undergraduate and graduate students from more than 35 universities in Bangladesh. To test the hypotheses, the PLS‐SEM approach was applied using SmartPLS 3.0. The study shows a significant mediating role of OLM between the independent variables and learning satisfaction. In addition, DL, ILI, and ISE are shown to be significant predictors of student satisfaction. The findings have a number of valuable implications for education policy makers, universities, instructors, and students. Moreover, the study suggests some new research perspectives to overcome the limitations of this research and to gain precise knowledge on students' learning motivation and satisfaction regarding other online classes for different categories of students (e.g., high school and college, professional, and PhD).
ERα down‐regulates carbohydrate responsive element binding protein and decreases aerobic glycolysis in liver cancer cells
Authors: Lu Ying , Tian Na , Hu Lei , Meng Jian , Feng Ming , Zhu Yemin , Zhang Ping , Li Minle , Liu Qi , Tong Lingfeng , Tong Xuemei , Li Yakui , Wu Lifang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDeregulated metabolism is one of the characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma. Sex hormone receptor signalling has been involved in the marked gender dimorphism of hepatocellular carcinoma pathogenesis. Oestrogen receptor (ER) has been reported to reduce the incidence of liver cancer. However, it remains unclear how oestrogen and ER regulate metabolic alterations in liver tumour cells. Our previous work revealed that ERα interacted with carbohydrate responsive element binding protein (ChREBP), which is a transcription factor promoting aerobic glycolysis and proliferation of hepatoma cells. Here, the data showed that ERα overexpression with E2 treatment reduced aerobic glycolysis and cell proliferation of hepatoma cells. In addition to modestly down‐regulating ChREBP transcription, ERα promoted ChREBP degradation. ERα co‐immunoprecipitated with both ChREBP‐α and ChREBP‐β, the two known subtypes of ChREBP. Although E2 promoted ERα to translocate to the nucleus, it did not change subcellular localization of ChREBP. In addition to interacting with ChREBP‐β and promoting its degradation, ERα decreased ChREBP‐α–induced ChREBP‐β transcription. Taken together, we confirmed an original role of ERα in suppressing aerobic glycolysis in liver cancer cells and elucidated the mechanism by which ERα and ChREBP‐α together regulated ChREBP‐β expression.
Annual Research Review: Immersive virtual reality and digital applied gaming interventions for the treatment of mental health problems in children and young people: the need for rigorous treatment development and clinical evaluation
Authors: Halldorsson Brynjar , Hill Claire , Waite Polly , Partridge Kate , Freeman Daniel , Creswell Cathy 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundMental health problems in children and young people are common and can lead to poor long‐term outcomes. Despite the availability of effective psychological interventions for mental health disorders, only a minority of affected children and young people access treatment. Digital interventions, such as applied games and virtual reality (VR), that target mental health problems in children and young people may hold a key to increasing access to, engagement with, and potentially the effectiveness of psychological treatments. To date, several applied games and VR interventions have been specifically developed for children and young people. This systematic review aims to identify and synthesize current data on the experience and effectiveness of applied games and VR for targeting mental health problems in children and young people (defined as average age of 18 years or below).MethodsElectronic systematic searches were conducted in Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science.ResultsNineteen studies were identified that examined nine applied games and two VR applications, and targeted symptoms of anxiety, depression, and phobias using both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Existing evidence is at a very early stage and studies vary extensively in key methodological characteristics. For applied games, the most robust evidence is for adolescent depressive symptoms (medium clinical effect sizes). Insufficient research attention has been given to the efficacy of VR interventions in children and young people.ConclusionsThe evidence to date is at a very early stage. Despite the enthusiasm for applied games and VR, existing interventions are limited in number and evidence of efficacy, and there is a clear need for further co‐design, development, and evaluation of applied games and VR before they are routinely offered as treatments for children and young people with mental health problems.
Reproductive biology of the fat snook Centropomus parallelus Poey, 1860 (Teleostei, Centropomidae) and implications for its management in the southern Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Costa e Silva Gisleine Hoffmann , Freitas Matheus Oliveira , Abilhoa Vinícius 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe reproductive biology of Centropomus parallelus was described from 589 individuals captured in estuarine and coastal waters in Southern Brazil. Length‐frequency distribution showed the dominance of males in smaller length‐classes (132–290 mm LT), whereas females were dominant in larger length‐classes (>290 mm LT). Total length at maturity (L50) was 180 mm LT and corresponded to 29% of the maximum length recorded. Histological sections revealed one hermaphrodite (205 mm LT) and few immature females. Life history traits provided herein can contribute to sustainable fisheries management practices.
Global material flow analysis of glass: From raw materials to end of life
Authors: Westbroek Coenraad D. , Bitting Jennifer , Craglia Matteo , Azevedo José M. C. , Cullen Jonathan M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGlobal glass production grew to 150 million tonnes (Mt) in 2014, equating to approximately 21 kg per person. Producing this glass is energy intensive and contributes annual CO2emissions of some 86Mt. An accurate map of the global glass supply chain is needed to help identify emissions mitigation options from across the supply chain, including process energy efficiency and material efficiency options. This map does not yet exist, so we address this knowledge gap by tracing the production chain from raw materials to end of life and producing a global Sankey diagram of container and flat glass making for 2014. To understand future demand for flat glass we also model the stocks of glass in vehicles and buildings. The analysis shows the relative scale of glass flows and stocks worldwide and provides a baseline for future study of the emission mitigation potential of energy and material efficiency of manufacturing with glass.
The relation between thyroid dysregulation and impaired cognition/behaviour: An integrative review
Authors: Eslami‐Amirabadi Manizhe , Sajjadi Seyed Ahmad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDespite decades of research on the relation between thyroid diseases and cognition, the nature of this relationship remains elusive. An increasing prevalence of cognitive impairment and thyroid dysfunction has been consistently observed with ageing. Also, there appears to be an association between thyroid disorders and cognitive decline. Given the increasing global burden of dementia, elucidating the relationship between thyroid disorders as a potentially modifiable risk factor of cognitive impairment was the main goal of this review. We summarise the current literature examining the relationship between thyroid hormonal dysregulation and cognition or behaviour. We present the available imaging and pathological findings related to structural and functional brain changes related to thyroid hormonal dysregulation. We also propose potential mechanisms of interaction between thyroid hormones, autoantibodies and cognition/behaviour. Effects of gender, ethnicity and environmental factors are also briefly discussed. This review highlights the need for long‐term prospective studies to capture the course of brain functional changes associated with the incidence and progression of thyroid dysregulations along with the confounding effects of non‐modifiable risk factors such as gender and ethnicity. Moreover, double‐blind controlled clinical trials are necessary to devise appropriate treatment plans to prevent cognitive consequences of over or undertreatment of thyroid disorders.
A review of cosmetic skin delivery
Authors: Hu Xueqing , He Huaming 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundCosmetic Skin Delivery has a very important impact on the action of cosmetics. More and more cosmetic manufacturers are focusing on cosmetic delivery. Meanwhile, it also brings safety issues and the customization of national laws and regulations.ObjectivesThis paper reviews the theoretical knowledge about cosmetic skin delivery and evaluation methods.MethodsAn extensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and other databases for articles on transdermal/skin delivery in cosmetics from 1985 to 2020.ResultsThe importance of skin delivery in cosmetics is outlined. The structure of the skin and the skin barrier, including delivery pathways available to cosmetic molecules in three modalities are introduced. The laws and regulations of various countries on nanomaterials for cosmetics are listed. The in vitro skin absorption test methods for cosmetics are briefly reviewed. Furthermore, the prospect of future skin penetration methods for cosmetics is presented.ConclusionsCurrently, various methods to enhance and evaluate cosmetic delivery through skin are available. However, there are no unified domestic and international laws and regulations about evaluation of transdermal delivery. This article provides a new perspective on the development of novel permeation enhancement technologies.