bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbonic Anhydrase Isoforms of Pyropia Yezoensis: Intracellular Location and Expression Profiles in Response to Inorganic Carbon Concentration and Life Stage
Authors: Zhang Baoyu , Liu Xueying , Huan Li , Shao Zhizhuo , Zheng Zhenbing , Wang Guangce 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMacroalgae, particularly commercially grown seaweed, substantially contribute to CO2 removal and carbon storage. However, knowledge regarding the CO2 concentrating mechanism (CCM) of macroalgae is limited. Carbonic anhydrase (CA), the key component of biophysical CCM, plays important roles in many physiological reactions in various organisms. CA has been widely studied in microalgae and higher plants. However, few characteristics of CA in Pyropia yezoensis are known, particularly its intracellular location and responses to different concentrations of Ci.ResultsWe retrieved transcriptomic and genomic data for P. yezoensis and identified, amplified and characterized 11 putative genes encoding CA. The predicted corresponding proteins clustered into three subfamilies: α-, β- and γ-type. Transcriptomic and qRT-PCR results revealed different expression levels of these PyCA genes in the two life stages of P. yezoensis, and their expression levels varied under different Ci conditions. The intracellular localization of eight CA isoforms—one in the chloroplasts, four in the cytoplasm and three in the mitochondria—were elucidated with fusion proteins. One γCA isoform (PyCA10) was shown to be localized in the cytosol, and its localization is discussed. We also discuss the potential roles of the CA isoforms in development and the CCM in the two life stages. ConclusionsCA isoforms in P. yezoensis are widely distributed within cells, and higher PyCA expression, particularly of certain chloroplastic, cytosolic and mitochondrional CAs, is observed more often during the leafy stage. This expression results in stronger carbon sequestration ability in leafy thalli than filamentous thalli.
CD73 Controls Ocular Adenosine Levels and Protects Retina from Light-Induced Phototoxicity
Authors: Losenkova Karolina , Takeda Akira , Ragauskas Symantas , Kaja Simon , Paul Marius L. , Schmies Constanze C. , Rolshoven Georg , Müller Christa E. , Sandholm Jouko , Jalkanen Sirpa , Kalesnykas Giedrius , Yegutkin Gennady G 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Ocular ATP and adenosine have emerged as important signalling molecules involved in vascular remodeling, retinal functioning and neurovascular coupling in the mammalian eye. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanisms of purinergic signaling in the eye. Here, we used three-dimensional multiplexed imaging in combination with in situ enzyme histochemistry, flow cytometric analysis and single cell transcriptomics to characterize the pattern of purine metabolism in the mouse and human eyes. This study identified NTPDase1/CD39 and ecto-5’-nucleotidase/CD73 as major ecto-nucleotidases, which are selectively expressed in the optic nerve head, vascular endothelial and perivascular cells, outer segments of photoreceptors, retinal microglia, and cornea and coordinately control ATP and adenosine levels. The relevance of the CD73-adenosine axis was confirmed by flash electroretinography showing that pharmacological inhibition of CD73 in dark-adapted mouse eyes rendered the animals hypersensitive to prolonged bright light, manifested as decreased a-wave and b-wave amplitudes and a loss of retinal ganglion cells. Our study thus defines ocular adenosine metabolism as a complex and spatially integrated network and characterizes its critical role in protecting the retina from light-induced phototoxicity.
Development of PLGA-Triiodothyronine Nanoparticles for Targeted Delivery in the Cardioprotection Against Ischemic Insult
Authors: Karakus Ozlem Ozen , Darwish Noureldien H. E. , Salaheldin Taher , Dickinson P. C. Taylor , Weil Brian , Mousa Shaker A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Ischemic heart disease is the main cause of death globally. Cardioprotection is the process whereby mechanisms that reduce myocardial damage, and activate protective factors, contribute to the preservation of the heart. Targeting these processes could be a new strategy in the treatment of post-ischemic heart failure (HF). Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), which have multiple effects on the heart, prevent myocardial damage. Results: This study describes the formulation, and characterization, of chemically modified polymeric nanoparticles incorporating T3, to target the thyroid hormone receptors. Modified T3 was conjugated to polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) to facilitate the active targeting of PLGA-T3. Modified T3 and PLGA-T3 was characterized with 1H-NMR. Protective role of synthesized Phosphocreatine (PCr) encapsulated PLGA-T3 nanoparticles (PLGA-T3/PCr NPs) and PLGA-T3 nanoparticles (PLGA-T3 NPs) in hypoxia-mediated cardiac cell insults were investigated. Conclusions: Data demonstrated that PLGA-T3/PCr NPs represent a potentially new therapeutic for the control of tissue damage in cardiac ischemia and resuscitation.
Bionic Biphasic Composite Scaffold with Osteochondrogenic Factors for Regeneration of Full-thickness Osteochondral Defect
Authors: Zhang Yanbo , Han Yu , Peng Yachen , Lei Jie , Chang Fei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Full-thickness osteochondral defects lack the capability to self-repair owing to their complicated hierarchical structure. At present, clinical treatments including microfracture etc. have shown some efficacy; however, the newborn tissue exhibits some drawbacks, such as fibrocartilage formation and insufficient mechanical properties, eventually leading to osteoarthritis. Moreover, cartilage and bone tissues have different biological characteristics. Therefore, the simultaneous repair of full-thickness osteochondral defects is highly challenging. Methods: To achieve optimal repair, we constructed a bionic biphasic composite scaffold with on-demand osteochondrogenic factors. Kartogenin and extractive mesenchymal stem cells were introduced into a mPEG-block-poly(L-valine) thermogel set as the upper layer to accelerate cartilage repair. A poly(lactide-co-glycolide)/hydroxyapatite porous scaffold was immobilized with bone morphogenetic protein-2 as the bottom layer to facilitate subchondral repair. The intermediate interface, being a combination of the two layers was expected to reconstruct the calcification zone. Results: Gross evaluation, micro-computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging indicated that at 6 months after implantation, the scaffold encapsulating mesenchymal stem cells and osteochondrogenic factors had a better effect compared with other groups. More importantly, the composition of the new cartilage and bone was confirmed by western blotting, H&E staining, and immunohistochemistry. Conclusions: Taken together, this bionic composite scaffold with osteochondrogenic factors offers a promising option for the repair of full-thickness osteochondral defects.
Targeting MYC-inducing enhancer-associated noncoding (MYC-IEANC) RNAs inhibits the proliferation of HCC cells
Authors: Choi Hae In , Chai Jin Choul , Lee Young Seek , Jung Kyoung Hwa , Chai Young Gyu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

MYC, a critical oncogene, encodes the c-MYC transcription factor (TF) and plays an essential role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Recent studies have identified numerous tissue-specific enhancers of MYC in various cancers, but an HCC-specific enhancer of MYC remains elusive.
Methods

We analyzed enhancer markers, including H3K27ac enrichment and enhancer RNA (eRNA) expression, to determine putative enhancer regions of MYC in HCC cells. Enhancer activity was detected using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. We used the CRISPR-Cas9 system to edit the enhancer regions and performed antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) to inhibit eRNA. The functions of enhancers and eRNAs on HCC cells were confirmed by cell proliferation assay and sphere formation assay.
Results

We choose two active enhancers R2 and R3, with high activity among six putative enhancer regions by analyzing enhancer markers. Enhancer R2 and R3 are present approximately 800 kb downstream from the MYC gene. We confirmed eRNA activities in the enhancer regions. Depletion of these enhancer regions inhibited eRNAs significantly reduced MYC expression. In addition, MYC enhancers and eRNAs regulated HCC cell proliferation and progression.
Conclusion

In this study, we present MYC enhancers in HCC and elucidate the molecular functions of MYC-inducing enhancer-associated noncoding (MYC-IEANC) RNAs in the proliferation of HCC cells. Furthermore, our results suggest that MYC-IEANC RNAs, which play an oncogenic role in HCC cells, can be a target for HCC treatment.
Solvent Controlled Colorimetric And Fluorometric Detection of Fe2+ and Cu2+ Ions By Naphthaldimine-Glucofuranose Conjugate
Authors: Loya Mini , Dolai Bholanath , Atta Ananta Kumar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The sensing properties of naphthaldimine-glucofuranose conjugates 1 and 2 towards metal ions were investigated by 1H NMR titration, FTIR, absorbance, and fluorescence spectroscopic methods. The absorbance and fluorescence studies indicated that compound 1 formed coordination with Fe2+ and Cu2+ ions in DMSO through color changes yellow to brown and colorless, respectively. The Job's plots using absorbance data showed metal-ligand binding ratio is 1:1 for both cases. The formation of 1-Fe2+ and 1-Cu2+ complexes have been analyzed by absorption and emission spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) data, FTIR, 1H NMR titration experiment, and DFT calculations. The detection limits of naphthaldimine sugar conjugate 1 towards Fe2+/Cu2+ were calculated from UV-vis and fluorescence data according to the standard method. The sugar-naphthaldimine conjugate 2 has been used to establish the binding mode of 1 with Fe2+ or Cu2+ ions in DMSO.
Seismic Isolation Technology for Prestressed Segmental Precast Piers
Authors: Zou Shuang , Wenliuhan Heisha , Liu Yanhui , Yang Zhenyu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Due to its poor energy dissipation capacity, the application of prestressed segmental precast piers in bridge engineering in areas with medium- and high-intensity seismic activity is limited. This study proposes the use of a functional separation seismic isolation device (FSID) that acts as an external replaceable energy dissipation device to increase the energy dissipation capacity of prestressed segmental precast piers. Full-scale in-situ load tests on an actual prestressed segmental precast pier were carried out to clarify the seismic performance of this kind of pier. Based on the results of the tests and further analysis, an optimal design of the functional separation seismic isolation device is obtained by incorporating the optimal mechanical performance parameters of the device. The FSID proposed in this study can meet the seismic performance requirements of prestressed segmental precast piers under different levels of earthquakes.
Baseline Study of Rock Samples Collected From Paleolithic Archaeological Site of Attirampakkam, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Tamilarasi A , Chandrasekaran A , Sathish V , S Manigandan , A Lakshmi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In the present work, rock samples have been collected from Paleolithic archaeological site Attirampakkam, Tamil Nadu, India to assess the presence of mineralogical composition of samples using Fourier Transform infrared-spectroscopic (FT-IR) technique and these identified minerals are confirmed by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) technique. From FT-IR spectra the presence of minerals such as quartz, orthoclase, microcline, kaolinite, montmorillonite, dolomite, aragonite, and palygroskite minerals are identified in rock samples. In this samples quartz is the majorly presented mineral and crystallinity index of quartz (SiO2) is estimated for all the samples by comparing the ratio of intensity of the characteristic peak at 778 and 695 cm− 1 with the corresponding ratio for a standard sample. In rock samples, calculated crystallinity index of quartz is greater than 1 and shows that the disordered in nature. Additionally some more minerals such as hematite and rutile are identified in rock samples by X-ray diffraction technique. This extensive study shows that the archeological rock samples are wide variation in mineral composition.
Study on the Effect of Magnetic Field on Temperature Domain During Electrolytic Processing
Authors: Jia Jianli , Wang Mingzhe , Xu Tianci , Pangyan Haotian , Zhou Xueying 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A physical model, mathematical model and geometric model of multi-physical field (electric field, flow field, temperature field, magnetic field) were established to explore the influence of magnetic field on the temperature domain in the gap during ECM. The change law of temperature domain of ECM gap under different magnetic field design methods was studied by using COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS. The scheme is as follows: the magnetic field line is perpendicular to the electric field and the flow field is parallel; the magnetic field line is parallel to the electric field and the flow field is vertical; the electric field of the magnetic field is vertical and the flow field is vertical. The change law of the influence of the magnetic field on the electrolyte temperature is studied by simulation. The changes of current density under three magnetic field design methods and different electrolyte flow were studied. The simulation results show that when the magnetic field is perpendicular to the electric field and the flow field, the temperature change is relatively gentle, and the flow field changes uniformly under the action of the magnetic field volume force, so that the change of current density is relatively stable; The current density of anodic dissolution increases with the increase of voltage, resulting in the increase of electrolyte temperature and heat, further reducing the gap and machining gap, and the temperature in the gap will be greatly increased. Under the action of magnetic field, the electrolyte flow rate increases and the electrolyte temperature decreases greatly.
Accurately Detection of A-Globin Gene Copy Number Variants With Two Reactions Using Droplet Digital PCR
Authors: Bao Xiuqin , Qin Danqing , Ma Jian , Zhou Xiangcheng , Wang Jicheng , Yao Cuize , Zhang Liang , Du Li 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: α-thalassemia, with carrier rates of 11.31% and 17.55% respectively in Guangdong and Guangxi province, is a highly prevalent disease in Southern China and tropical and subtropical regions and is mainly caused by deletion in α-globin gene (HBA1 and HBA2). The clinical manifestation of α-thalassemia is highly correlated with the copy number of α-globin gene. The decrease of copy number results in α-thalassemia, while duplication or triplication compounded with β-thalassemia may aggravate the clinical manifestation. However, the usual methods we used to measure the copy number variants can only detect the three common types: --SEA, -α3.7 and − α4.2, which may easily miss the rare deletional type and duplication or triplication cases. Therefore, it is essential to establish a new method which allows detection of different copy number variants in α-globin genes, including deletion, duplication and triplication simultaneously and accurately.Methods: 428 peripheral blood and fetal chorionic villus or amniotic fluid samples were recruited in this study. We used a pair of primers and two probes to perform droplet digital PCR.Results: By performing only two reactions, we accurately detected the copy number variants in α-globin genes, including the common form α-thalassemia, triplications such as αααanti4.2 and trisomy 16. The accuracy rate for detecting the copy number of α-globin genes can up to 100%.Conclusions: In conclusion, droplet digital PCR served as an accurate and rapid method for copy number variation detection in clinical screening for α-thalassemia.
CYFRA21-1 is a More Sensitive Biomarker to Assess the Severity of Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Authors: Bai Jiu-Wu , Gu Shui-Yi , Sun Xiao-Li , Lu Hai-Wen , Liang Shu , Xu Jin-Fu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CYFRA21-1 are the commonly used biomarkers to identify patients with autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (APAP). However, it is not clear which of the biomarkers is more sensitive to the severity of the patient’s condition.Methods: APAP patients numbering 151 were enrolled in this study. All patients’ severity was assessed through the severity and prognosis score of PAP (SPSP). According to the respective laboratory upper limits of serum levels of LDH, CEA and CYFRA21-1, APAP patients were divided into higher and lower-level groups. Patients were divided into five groups based on SPSP. 88 patients had completed six months of follow-up. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, and critical point of LDH, CEA and CYFRA21-1 between APAP patients and normal control group, and between grade 1-2 and 3-5 through receiving operating characteristics (ROC) curve.Results: Serum LDH, CEA and CYFRA21-1 levels of patients with PAP were higher and distinctly related to PaO2, FVC, FEV1, DLCO, HRCT scores and SPSP. The SPSP of patients in higher-level LDH, CEA and CYFRA21-1 groups were higher than those of corresponding lower-level groups. Based on SPSP results, the patients were divided into five groups (grade I, 20; grade II, 37; grade III, 40; grade IV, 38; grade V, 16). The serum level of CYFRA21-1 of patients with APAP in grade II was higher than that of patients in grade I and lower than that of patients in grade III. Serum CYFRA21-1 of patients with APAP after six months were higher than the baseline among the aggravated group. Serum LDH, CEA and CYFRA21-1 levels after six months among patients in the relieved group of patients with APAP were lower than the baseline. ROC correlating LDH, CEA and CYFRA21-1 values with APAP severity (between grade 1-2 and 3-5) showed an optimal cutoff of LDH of over 203 U/L (< 246 U/L), CEA of over 2.56 ug/L (< 10 ug/L), and CYFRA21-1 of over 5.57 ng/ml (> 3.3 ng/ml) (AUC: 0.815, 95% CI [0.748-0.882], sensitivity: 0.606, specificity: 0.877).Conclusion: CYFRA21-1 was a more sensitive biomarker to assess the severity of APAP.
Anthropometric Measurements of Non-arthritic Knees in a North African Population, An MRI based Study.
Authors: Abdelnasser Mohammad Kamal , Khalifa Ahmed A. , Bassem Micheal , Abdelhameed Mohammed Anter , Adam Mahmoud Faisal , Bakr Hatem M. , Khalifa Yaser E. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Knee anthropometric characteristics were evaluated for different ethnicities; however, data from North African populations are deficient. The primary aim was to investigate the Egyptian knees' anthropometric characteristics as a representative of North African populations. Secondary aims: 1) to study the anthropometric gender difference, 2) to compare results with other ethnic groups, and 3) to study the mismatch in comparison to geometric characteristics of modern TKA implant designs. Methods: 200 normal knee MRI scans (100 females and 100 males, aging from 18 to 60) were obtained for analysis. Linear measurements (Anteroposterior (AP), Mediolateral (ML), and Aspect ratio (AR)) of the planned cut surface of the distal femur (f) and the proximal tibia (t) were evaluated. Results: A significant difference between both sexes was found, males had larger measurements in anteroposterior [fAP: 60.97 ± 3.1 vs 54.78 ± 3.3 (P < 0.001), tAP: 46.89 ± 3.0 vs 41.35 ± 2.9 (P < 0.001)] and mediolateral [fML: 74.89 ± 3.2 vs 67.29 ± 3.7 (P < 0.001), tML: 76.01 ± 3.0 vs 67.26 ± 3.2 (P < 0.001)], the mean femoral and tibial AP and ML measurements were different from other ethnic groups. None of the seven studied TKA systems matched the largest ML or the smallest AP dimensions of the distal femur in the current study population. Conclusion: A significant difference was found between males' and females' knee anthropometric characteristics. Some of the commonly used TKA implants in our area could not provide a perfect fit and coverage.Trial registration: Clinical Trials .gov identifier: NCT03622034, registered July 28, 2018, (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT03622034).
Capacitive and Conductometric type Dual-Mode Relative Humidity Sensor based on 5,10,15,20-tetra phenyl porphyrinato nickel (II) (TPPNi)
Authors: Akram Rizwan , Yaseen Muhammad , Farooq Zahid , Rauf Ayesha , Qadir Karwan Wasman , Almohaimeed Ziyad M , Ikram Muhammad , Zafar Qayyum 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In the present study, TPPNi has been synthesized by using a microwave-assisted synthesis process. The layer structure of the fabricated humidity sensor (Al/TPPNi/Al) consists of pair of planar 120 nm thin Aluminium (Al) electrodes (deposited by thermal evaporation) and ~ 160 nm facile spin-coated solution-processable organic polymer TPPNi as an active layer between the ~ 40 µm electrode gap which was created through shadow mask process. Physical characterization showed that synthesized TPPNi thin films are very well suitable for their application as ambient sensors based on location and width for Soret band from optical characterization, amorphous structure from XRD, and most importantly the porous surface morphology from field emission scanning electron microscopic study. Electrical properties (capacitance and impedance) of sensors were found to be substantially sensitive not only on relative humidity but also on the frequency of the input bias signal. Our findings demonstrate that the TPPNi has higher humidity sensitivity at lower frequencies. The proposed sensor exhibits multimode (capacitive and conductometric) operation with significantly higher sensitivity ~ 146.17 pF/%RH at 500 Hz and 48.23 kΩ/%RH at 1 kHz. The developed Al/TPPNi/Al surface type humidity sensor's much-improved detecting properties along with reasonable dynamic range and response time suggest that it could be effective for continuous humidity monitoring in multi environmental applications.
Splenectomy is Associated With Sexual Dysfunctions and Decreased Libido
Authors: Sabino Kelly Renata , Petroianu Andy 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The removal of the spleen due to disease or trauma may be followed by disorders due to the asplenism, including immunodeficiency, hematological and metabolic diseases, mainly dyslipidemia, which can lead to sepsis, pulmonary embolism and early death. Although patients frequently report sexual disinterest after splenectomy, this feature has been experimentally studied only in a translational investigation performed by the same group of this work.OBJECTIVE: To study libido and other sexual functions after the complete removal of the spleen in humans.METHODS: This study was performed on 60 healthy adults, 30 men and 30 women, after more than one year of total splenectomy to treat isolated splenic trauma. The International Index of Erectile Function was applied to men and the Female Sexual Function Index to women. The analysis compared the responses obtained in the periods before and after the splenectomy. Laboratory tests with hematological and biochemical analyses, including sex hormones, were performed in all patients. The pre- and postoperative results were compared in each group using the paired t-test, with each patient being his or her own control and with significance to p < 0.05.RESULTS: A decrease in libido and an increase in sexual dysfunction was observed after splenectomy in all men and women, p < 0.001. All postoperative laboratory tests showed normal values in both genders.CONCLUSION: Asplenia is associated with a marked decrease in libido and intense sexual dysfunction in both men and women, with no change in hematological and biochemical laboratory tests, including hormonal exams.