bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soft tissue management at implants: Summary and consensus statements of group 2. The 6th EAO Consensus Conference 2021
Authors: Thoma Daniel S. , Cosyn Jan , Fickl Stefan , Jensen Simon S. , Jung Ronald E. , Raghoebar Gerry M. , Rocchietta Isabella , Roccuzzo Mario , Sanz Mariano , Sanz‐Sánchez Ignacio , Scarlat Pavel , Schou Soren , Stefanini Martina , Strasding Malin , Bertl Kristina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe task of working Group 2 at the 6th Consensus Meeting of the European Association for Osseointegration was to comprehensively assess the effects of soft tissue augmentation procedures at dental implant sites on clinical, radiographic and patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) including an overview on available outcome measures and methods of assessment.Materials and methodsThree systematic reviews and one critical review were performed in advance on (i) the effects of soft tissue augmentation procedures on clinical, radiographic and aesthetic outcomes, (ii) reliability and validity of outcome measures and methods of assessment and (iii) PROMs applied in clinical studies for soft tissue augmentation procedures at dental implant sites. Major findings, consensus statements, clinical recommendations and implications for future research were discussed in the group and approved during the plenary sessions.ResultsThe four reviews predominantly revealed:

Soft tissue augmentation procedures in conjunction with immediate and delayed implant placement result in superior aesthetic outcomes compared to no soft tissue augmentation in the zone of aesthetic priority.

Soft tissue augmentation procedures have a limited effect on marginal bone level changes compared to implant sites without soft tissue augmentation. Clinically relevant parameters (gingival index, mucosal recession) and plaque control improve at implant sites when the width of keratinised mucosa is increased.

A variety of aesthetic indices have been described with good reliability. Pink Esthetic Score and Complex Esthetic Index are the most validated aesthetic indices for single implants, though. Superimposed digital surface scans are most accurate to assess profilometric tissue changes.

PROMs following soft tissue augmentation procedures have been assessed using various forms of questionnaires. Soft tissue augmentation had a limited effect on PROMs.

ConclusionsSoft tissue augmentation procedures are widely applied in conjunction with implant therapy. Depending on the indication of these interventions, clinical, radiographic and aesthetic outcomes may improve, whereas the effect on PROMs is limited.
Artery and venous sinus occlusion image score (AVOIS): A novel method to evaluate occlusive cerebral arteries and venous diseases
Authors: Wu Zhimin , Feng Qinglin , Liu Mengqi , Li Jie , Sun Xiaochuan , Shi Quanhong , Zhan Yan , Dan Wei , Yang Bocheng , Zheng Dinghao , Xia Yulong , Xie Yanfeng , Jiang Li 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo establish an artery and venous sinus occlusion image score (AVOIS) which is compatible in both cerebral arteries and venous system diseases.MethodsA total of 188 consecutive patients with the final diagnosis of anterior circulation infarct (ACI) and 56 consecutive patients with cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis (CVST) were retrospectively studied. The AVOIS was developed based on the severity of occlusive changes of main intracranial arteries and venous sinuses (present = 0, partial occlusion = 1, absent = 2), and divided into four groups (CVST group: 0, 1‐5, 6‐10, >10. ACI group: 0, 1‐5, 6‐10, >10) arbitrarily. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to discover the sensitivity and specificity of AVOIS. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Clot Burden Score (CBS) were set as the reference. Logistic regression models were developed to adjust for baseline clinical variables and AVOIS. Length of hospital stay (LOS) was also evaluated using the Kaplan‐Meier estimator.ResultsFor the CVST group, a positive correlation between AVOIS and NIHSS was discovered (Spearman's ρ = 0.54, p < 0.001). For the ACI group, ROC showed relatively high sensitivity (84.8%) and specificity (81.8%). Besides, the probability of time to discharge was significantly different among the AVOIS subgroups as well (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe AVOIS can be used to evaluate the treatment of patients with acute stroke caused by cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and anterior circulation large vessel occlusion. It is a reliable and convenient method that may help prompt prognosis and guide the treatment of individual patients.
Coordinated expression of the renin–angiotensin genes in the lumbar spinal cord: Lateralization and effects of unilateral brain injury
Authors: Bakalkin Georgy , Kahle Anika , Sarkisyan Daniil , Watanabe Hiroyuki , Lukoyanov Nikolay , Carvalho Liliana S. , Galatenko Vladimir , Hallberg Mathias , Nosova Olga 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn spite of its apparent symmetry, the spinal cord is asymmetric in its reflexes and gene expression patterns including leftward expression bias of the opioid and glutamate genes. To examine whether this is a general phenomenon for neurotransmitter and neurohormonal genes, we here characterized expression and co‐expression (transcriptionally coordinated) patterns of genes of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) that is involved in neuroprotection and pathological neuroplasticity in the left and right lumbar spinal cord. We also tested whether the RAS expression patterns were affected by unilateral brain injury (UBI) that rewired lumbar spinal neurocircuits. The left and right halves of the lumbar spinal cord were analysed in intact rats, and rats with left‐ or right‐sided unilateral cortical injury, and left‐ or right‐sided sham surgery. The findings were (i) lateralized expression of the RAS genes Ace, Agtr2 and Ren with higher levels on the left side; (ii) the asymmetry in coordination of the RAS gene expression that was stronger on the right side; (iii) the decay in coordination of co‐expression of the RAS and neuroplasticity‐related genes induced by the right‐side but not left‐side sham surgery and UBI; and (iv) the UBI‐induced shift to negative regulatory interactions between RAS and neuroplasticity‐related genes on the contralesional spinal side. Thus, the RAS genes may be a part of lateralized gene co‐expression networks and have a role in a side‐specific regulation of spinal neurocircuits.
Retrospective and prospective assessment of butorphanol, azaperone and medetomidine (BAM™) for immobilisation of feral horses (Equus ferus caballus)
Authors: Balko Julie A. , Fogle Callie , Stuska Susan J. , Fogle Jonathan E. , Posner Lysa P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundButorphanol–azaperone–medetomidine (BAM™) has not been evaluated in horses.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to evaluate BAM™ for chemical restraint of feral horses.Study designRetrospective and prospective descriptive studies.MethodsData were collected retrospectively from medical records of 28 feral horses immobilised with BAM™ over a 6‐year period. Prospectively, 0.0125 mL/kg bwt of BAM™ (butorphanol 27.3 mg/mL, azaperone 9.1 mg/mL and medetomidine 10.9 mg/mL) intramuscularly (im) was administered to eight stallions via dart, and once recumbent, 1.0 mg/kg bwt ketamine was given intravenously (iv). Induction and recovery time and quality via a standardised rubric (1 = very poor; 5 = excellent) and visual analogue scale (VAS), need for additional darts, weight tape measurement and serial physiological parameters were recorded. Serial arterial blood gas analysis was performed during recumbency. Following castration, horses were given 0.1 mg/kg bwt atipamezole (25% iv and 75% im) and allowed to recover unaided.ResultsRetrospectively, 28 horses were successfully immobilised with BAM™ without a major complication. Prospectively, eight horses were given a median (range) actual BAMTMdose of 0.0143 (0.0127‐0.0510) mL/kg bwt. Three of eight horses needed 1, 2 or 5 additional darts. Median (range) time to recumbency was 11 (2‐44) minutes. Median (range) induction (n = 4) and recovery (n = 6) scores via rubric and VAS were 5 (4‐5) and 5 (5‐5) and 92 (86‐93) and 98 (92‐99) cm, respectively. Four of seven horses were hypoxaemic at ≥1 time point with otherwise acceptable physiological parameters. Following atipamezole, median (range) time to sternal recumbency and standing was 12 (2‐18) and 17 (11‐52) minutes, respectively (n = 6).Main limitationsThe sample size was small. Data could not be collected before darting or after recovery. Some data were missing from retrospective analysis.ConclusionsIntramuscular BAM™ with iv ketamine provided chemical restraint suitable for field castration of feral horses with no mortality. Hypoxaemia occurred in the majority of horses.
Contributions of PD‐L1 reverse signaling to dendritic cell trafficking
Authors: Tamburini Beth Ann Jirón 
Published: June 2021

Programmed death‐1 (PD‐1)/programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) interactions are critical for dampening the immune response to both self and foreign antigens. The signaling of PD‐L1 via its cytoplasmic domain, rather than through its interactions with PD‐1 via the extracellular domain, has been termed PD‐L1 reverse signaling. While this signaling is beneficial for cancer progression, little is understood about the consequences of PD‐L1 reverse signaling in immune cells that express PD‐L1 at steady state or in response to infection. Loss of PD‐L1 during infection leads to unchecked T‐cell proliferation and increased autoimmune T‐cell responses. While the T‐cell intrinsic role of PD‐1 for inhibiting T‐cell responses has been well explored, little to no effort has been directed at investigating the consequences of PD‐L1 reverse signaling on the DCs interacting with PD‐1+ T cells. We recently reported a defect in dendritic cell (DC) trafficking from the skin to the draining lymph node (LN) following immunization or infection in the absence of PD‐L1. We demonstrated that a region within the cytoplasmic tail was responsible for the defect in DC trafficking. Here, we review the processes involved in DC trafficking and highlight what we know about PD‐L1 expression, PD‐L1 post‐translational modifications, PD‐L1 intracellular interactions, and PD‐L1 extracellular interactions.
Haemophilia Carriers Experience Study (CARES): A mixed method exploration into the experience of women who are carriers of Haemophilia
Authors: Whitaker Sarah , Aiston Helen , Hung Wai Tung , Pink Ruth , Mangles Sarah 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionHaemophilia research has traditionally focused on patients diagnosed with haemophilia and although research priorities are rapidly changing, there is still a lot more we need to understand about the experiences and psychosocial issues facing women who are diagnosed as carriers of haemophilia (Haemophilia, https://doi.org/10.1111/hae.14043). One study noted that the understanding of carriers’ experience of bleeding by healthcare professionals is limited and that many women have had negative experiences of healthcare (Haemophilia, 17, 2011, 237). The carrier population does not typically receive much support for themselves as individuals as they are often not registered at Haemophilia Centres in their own right.AimThis study aimed to look at the emotional wellbeing of carriers in more detail.MethodThis was initially investigated through the use of focus groups and individual interviews with 16 participants (Stage 1) and then widening the study using an online questionnaire battery developed from the themes identified from these interviews (Stage 2). The questionnaire battery was completed by 226 participants.ResultsDescriptive statistics are reported on the endorsement of themes identified in Stage 1 and around participants’ experiences of their carriership and healthcare. Results demonstrated that the participants have had a number of difficulties with accessing helpful information and support during key times in their lives, for example, at diagnosis and when deciding whether to start a family. They also showed that although participants endorsing a higher number of bleeding symptoms scored statistically significantly higher in measures of depression, anxiety and negative affect, this difference was not clinically significant.ConclusionThese results lend support to the growing evidence base that women who are carriers of haemophilia have a distinct set of (currently unmet) needs that need assessing and treating.
Unravelling scientific research towards the green extraction of phenolic compounds from leaves: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Yeasmen Nushrat , Bhuiyan Md. Hafizur Rahman , Orsat Valérie 
Published: June 2021

SummaryPhenolic compounds (PCs) have been finding increasing applications in functional foods, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and nutraceuticals due to their nutritional and antioxidant properties. Considering the drawbacks of conventional extraction methods, there is an ongoing challenge for researchers to develop green extractions (GE) of PCs in a sustainable and eco‐friendly way. A bibliometric study is a valuable tool to provide quantitative information for evaluating the scientific research activity based on the available published scientific literature. This bibliometric study aims for the first time to unravel the scientific exploration towards the GE of phenolics from plant by‐products, that is, leaves by focussing on scientific publications collected through the Web of Science database. Consequently, insights into the evaluation of publication trends, authors, countries, organisations, keywords, journals, publishers and citations in support of GE were established. The critical evaluation of the results showed an increase in research, during the last decade, on GE of PCs from leaves. The study also revealed Europe as the leader in terms of publications, citations, countries, organisations, as well as authors contributing to this research topic. Following the analysis, directions for future research have also been suggested.
Effect of HLB value on the properties of chitosan/zein/lemon essential oil film‐forming emulsion and composite film
Authors: Sun Yang , Liu Zhanli , Wang Xiaomin , Zhang Fengjuan , Huang Xue , Li Jirui , Sun Xia , Guo Yemin , Han Xiangbo 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThe properties of film‐forming emulsion with emulsifiers of different hydrophilic–lipophilic balance were evaluated, and the performance of chitosan/zein composite film containing lemon essential oil was examined. The retention ratio of lemon essential oil in the film and the release of lemon essential oil from film to food simulation system were also quantitatively analysed. Results showed that the emulsifier with higher hydrophilic–lipophilic balance would make lemon essential oil disperse evenly in the film‐forming emulsion, leading to smaller particle size and a lower viscosity of emulsion. Compared with C/Z/L, with the increasing hydrophilic–lipophilic balance value of emulsifier, the tensile strength and water contact angle of films decreased to 28.06 MPa and 23.39°, respectively. Emulsifier with high hydrophilic–lipophilic balance value could effectively increase the initial retention ratio of essential oils in the film, and the maximum initial retention rate of the C/Z/L‐15 film was 79.12%. The release of lemon essential oil in each treatment increased rapidly at first and then it slowed down. C/Z/L‐15 had the highest retention rate after 12 days, and C/Z/L‐11 had the best sustained release effect when lemon essential oil was released into the food simulant.
Glycation of soy protein isolate with two ketoses: d‐Allulose and fructose
Authors: Tas Ozan , Ertugrul Ulku , Oztop Mecit Halil , Mazi Bekir Gokcen 
Published: June 2021

SummaryModification of food proteins to have improved functional properties is of great importance. In this study, modification of soy protein isolate (SPI) was achieved through glycation. SPI was glycated in a spray dryer (SD) and an incubator followed by freeze drying (FD). d‐Allulose, an important rare sugar, was used in SPI glycation as the carbohydrate source, and results were compared with fructose. In addition to the sugar type, two different SPI powder: sugar ratios (1:1 and 5:1) were investigated. For the glycated samples, emulsification activity, free amino groups, protein solubility, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, antioxidant activity experiments and time‐domain NMR relaxometry measurements for hydration were conducted. According to the results, the solubility of SPI that is limited in native form has shown a significant improvement after glycation through both FD and SD methods. Besides, glycation through the FD method was found to be more favourable due to its milder conditions than the SD method. Considering the physicochemical properties, the best combination for the highest glycation degree was found to be the samples prepared at the 1:1 ratio with d‐Allulose in the FD method. Overall, it was concluded that glycation of SPI enhanced its functional properties such as antioxidant and emulsification activities.
English skills and early labour market integration: Evidence from humanitarian migrants in Australia
Authors: Cheng Zhiming , Wang Ben Zhe , Jiang Zhou , Taksa Lucy , Tani Massimiliano 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper uses panel data from the Building a New Life in Australia survey to examine the relationship between proficiency in English and labour market outcomes among humanitarian migrants. We show that having better general or speaking skills in English is associated with a higher propensity for participation in the labour force and success in getting a job. We also find that participating in an English training programme is strongly and positively associated with gaining better language skills. Among the channels leading to these outcomes, we find that self‐esteem, self‐efficacy and general health partially mediate the relationship between English proficiency and labour force participation. Self‐efficacy, general health status and indicative serious mental illness also partially mediate the relationship between better English proficiency and the chance of getting a job.
Effect of zirconia content and particle size on the properties of 3D‐printed alumina‐based ceramic cores
Authors: Li He , Liu Yongsheng , Li Wenbo , Liu Yansong , Zeng Qingfeng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlumina‐based ceramic cores are used to manufacture the internal structures of hollow alloy blades, requiring both high precision and moderate properties. In this work, zirconia is regarded as a promoter to improve the mechanical properties of sintered ceramic. The effect of zirconia content and particle size on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ceramics was evaluated. The results indicate that the flexural strength of sintered ceramics reached the maximum of 14.5 ± 0.5 MPa when 20 wt% micron‐sized (10 μm) zirconia (agglomerate size, consistent with the alumina particle size) was added, and 26.5±2.5 MPa when 15 wt% 0.3 μm zirconia was added. Zirconia with submicron‐sized (0.3 μm) particles effectively filled the pores between alumina particles, thus leading to the maximum flexural strength with a relatively low content. The corresponding sintered ceramics had a bulk density of 2.0 g/cm3 and open porosity of 59.6%.
ZrO2‐doped YTaO4 as potential CMAS‐resistant materials for thermal barrier coatings application
Authors: Wu Di , Yao Yao , Shan Xiao , Cai Huangyue , Hu Lingyue , Zhao Xiaofeng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this contribution, the ZrO2‐doped YTaO4 (ZrxY0.5−x/2Ta0.5−x/2O2 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.28)) are proposed as potential CMAS‐resistant materials for TBCs. The corrosion behavior of those materials under CMAS attack are investigated from thermodynamics and kinetics. The results show that all compositions have the much better CMAS resistance than the classical Gd2Zr2O7. After 50 h corrosion at 1300℃, the corrosion depth in ZrO2‐doped YTaO4 bulks is about 50–80 µm (for a 20 mg/cm2 CMAS deposition) in contrast with ~140 µm in Gd2Zr2O7 bulk. The CMAS corrosion mechanism of ZrO2‐doped YTaO4 is elucidated, and the excellent CMAS resistance is attributed to the rapid formation and followed thickening of dense reaction product layer. Furthermore, the effects of ZrO2 doping content on CMAS resistance of YTaO4 is discussed. It is elucidated that ZrO2 doping can inhibit the precipitation of apatite, decrease the consumption of CMAS melt, and change the morphology of dense reaction layer. In summary, minor doping of ZrO2 can ensure the excellent short‐ and long‐term CMAS resistance, but heavy doping of ZrO2 will degrade the long‐term CMAS resistance.
Toward understanding the reaction between silicon carbide and iridium in a broad temperature range
Authors: Golosov Mikhail A. , Lozanov Victor V. , Titov Anatoly T. , Baklanova Natalya I. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe reaction between iridium and SiC in the 1000°C–1900°C temperature range was studied in details. The rate of this reaction was found to depend not only on temperature, but also on the grain sizes of the initial reagents, oxygen impurities in SiC, as well as the Ir: SiC ratio. The use of fine‐grained initial reagents accelerates the reaction, whereas oxygen impurities in SiC powders slow it down. For the Ir: SiC ratio = 1:1, the IrSi silicide phase became dominant at 1400°C and remained the main phase at temperatures up to 1900°C. For the 3:1 ratio, Ir2Si was the main phase at 1900°C. It was suggested that stabilization of this phase is due to the quenching effect. No Si‐rich silicide phases were detected in the 1000°C–1900°C temperature range. The coefficients of thermal expansion of silicide phases were determined by high‐temperature X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Method for calculating dynamic yield stress of fresh cement pastes using a coaxial cylinder system
Authors: Peng Yiming , Ma Kunlin , Unluer Cise , Li Wenxu , Li Shuangjie , Shi Jinyan , Long Guangcheng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe calculation of the rheological parameters of fresh cement pastes plays a key role in understanding the rheology of cement‐based mixes. Because cement paste is not a simple Bingham fluid, a suitable nonlinear model must be found for characterizing its flow. A test system in which the rotational speed or shear rate can be changed in multiple steps is regarded as a suitable rheological test protocol because the paste reaches a steady state. Furthermore, theoretical derivations show that the solution of the Couette inverse problem corresponding to the modified Bingham model and the Herschel–Bulkley (H‐B) model is complex. However, a comparative analysis revealed that the yield stress of fresh paste could easily be obtained through a calculation process based on a Parabolic model. This study presents the complete calculation procedure for this model. The influence of the plug flow is considered, and test points with low minimum shear stress (τmin) are excluded. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed method is verified through comparisons with the results obtained using mini‐cone slump tests. These results show that the dynamic yield stress calculated using the expression of the Couette inverse problem based on the Parabolic model in consideration of the plug flow is very close to the yield stress obtained using the mini‐cone slump flow test. This proves that the proposed method could precisely characterize the dynamic yield stress of cement pastes.