bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention programmes for children of parents with a mood/anxiety disorder: Systematic review of existing programmes and meta‐analysis of their efficacy
Authors: Havinga Petra J. , Maciejewski Dominique F. , Hartman Catharina A. , Hillegers Manon H.J. , Schoevers Robert A. , Penninx Brenda W.J.H. 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesTo systematically describe the characteristics and techniques of prevention programmes for children of parents with mood/anxiety disorders. In addition, recruitment approaches and difficulties were identified and a meta‐analysis was conducted to examine the efficacy of these prevention programmes.MethodsRandomized controlled trials assessing the efficacy of a prevention programme for children (6–25 years) of parents with mood and/or anxiety disorders were included. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, PsychINFO, and CENTRAL from the earliest record to March 2019. In addition, programme manuals of identified prevention programmes were requested for a content analysis.ResultsTwenty‐two articles containing eight unique prevention programmes involving 1,325 subjects were identified. Programmes varied in the number and types of techniques, but all provided psychoeducation. Results suggested that recruitment via clinicians was more successful than recruitment via health maintenance organization databases. In a meta‐analysis, a significant risk difference was found in favour of prevention programmes on the risk of developing a depressive/anxiety disorder in offspring at short‐term (9–18 months follow‐up; RR = 0.37, 95% CI [0.21; 0.66]) and long‐term follow‐up (24 months or longer follow‐up; RR = 0.71, 95% CI [0.57; 0.87] and on symptom levels in offspring at post‐intervention (SMD = −0.19, 95% CI [−0.36; −0.02]) and at 12‐months follow‐up (SMD = −0.31, 95% CI [−0.57; −0.06]).ConclusionsThe prevention programmes combined psychoeducational elements with skills training and/or cognitive‐behavioural therapy elements. The recruitment process and the content of these programmes are sometimes insufficiently described. Nevertheless, they appear to be effective, indicating a need to further examine how these programmes exactly work and for whom.Practitioner points

Preventive interventions for children of parents with mood/anxiety disorders appear to be effective in preventing these disorders in offspring.

Available preventive intervention programmes focus mostly on psychoeducation, cognitive‐behavioural therapy, and family processes.

More effort should be made into describing preventive interventions so that they can be easily implemented by practitioners.

Studies should further examine why and for whom preventive interventions for children of parents with mood/anxiety disorders are effective.
Eltrombopag added to immunosuppression for children with treatment‐naïve severe aplastic anaemia
Authors: Groarke Emma M. , Patel Bhavisha A. , Gutierrez‐Rodrigues Fernanda , Rios Olga , Lotter Jennifer , Baldoni Daniela , St. Pierre Annie , Shalhoub Ruba , Wu Colin O. , Townsley Danielle M. , Young Neal S. 
Published: January 2021

SummaryAcquired severe aplastic anaemia (SAA) has an immune pathogenesis, and immunosuppressive therapy (IST) with anti‐thymocyte globulin and cyclosporine is effective therapy. Eltrombopag (EPAG) added to standard IST was associated with higher overall and complete response rates in patients with treatment‐naïve SAA compared to a historical IST cohort. We performed a paediatric subgroup analysis of this trial including all patients aged <18 years who received EPAG plus standard IST (n = 40 patients) compared to a historical cohort (n = 87) who received IST alone. Response, relapse, clonal evolution, event‐free survival (EFS), and overall survival were assessed. There was no significant difference in either the overall response rate (ORR) or complete response rate at 6 months (ORR 70% in EPAG group, 72% in historical group, P = 0·78). Adults (≥18 years) had a significantly improved ORR of 82% with EPAG compared to 58% historically (P < 0·001). Younger children had lower response rates than did adolescents. The trend towards relapse was higher and EFS significantly lower in children who received EPAG compared to IST alone. Addition of EPAG added to standard IST did not improve outcomes in children with treatment‐naïve SAA. EPAG in the paediatric population should not automatically be considered standard of care. Registration: clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01623167).
A Mixed‐Methods Longitudinal Investigation of Mothers’ Disclosure of HIV to Their Children
Authors: Goodrum Nada M. , Masyn Katherine E. , Armistead Lisa P. , Avina Ivette , Schulte Marya , Marelich William , Murphy Debra A. 
Published: January 2021

Mothers living with HIV (MLH) must navigate disclosing their serostatus to their children, but the longitudinal impact on families remains unknown. This study examined HIV disclosure, parenting, parenting stress, and child adjustment among 174 MLH‐child dyads (aged 6–14; 35% Latinx; 57% Black/African American). Quantitative data were collected over four waves spanning 15 months. Qualitative data were collected with 14 families in which disclosure had occurred. Latent change score modeling revealed that disclosure led to improvements in parenting stress, communication, and relationship quality. Disclosure did not predict child adjustment. Qualitative themes contextualized these findings, revealing stability and improvements in family functioning. MLH should be supported in disclosing their serostatus to their children to minimize parenting stress and bolster parenting skills.
Skeletal disproportion in girls with Turner syndrome and longitudinal change with growth‐promoting therapy
Authors: McVey Lindsey C. , Fletcher Alexander , Murtaza Mohammed , Donaldson Malcolm , Wong Sze Choong , Mason Avril 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveShort stature in Turner syndrome (TS) may be accompanied by skeletal disproportion. This retrospective study investigates growth and disproportion from early childhood to adult height.Study designData were collected from 59 girls prior to growth hormone (rhGH) treatment and in 30 girls followed up longitudinally. Standard deviation scores (SDS) for height (Ht), sitting height (SH) and sub‐ischial leg length (LL) were compared and a disproportion score (SH SDS – LL SDS) calculated.ResultsIn 59 girls, mean (SD) age 6.6 (2.1) years prior to rhGH treatment, LL SDS of −3.4 (1.1) was significantly lower than SH SDS of −1.2 (0.8) [p < .001]. In girls with Ht SDS < −2.0, disproportion score was > +2.0 in 27 (63%), cf eight (50%) with Ht SDS ≥ −2.0. For the longitudinal analysis, skeletal disproportion prior to rhGH was +2.4 (1.1) and +1.7 (1.0) on rhGH but prior to introduction of oestrogen [p < .001]. Disproportion at adult height was +1.1 (0.8), which was less marked than at the earlier time points [p < .001 for both comparisons]. Change in disproportion SDS over the first two years of rhGH predicted overall change in disproportion from baseline to adult height [R2 51.7%, p < .001].ConclusionTS is associated with skeletal disproportion, which is more severe in the shortest girls and present in only half of those with milder degrees of short stature. Growth‐promoting therapy may improve disproportion during both the childhood and pubertal phases of growth. Change in disproportion status two years after starting rhGH helps predict disproportion at adult height.
Snack time in kindergarten as a cultural practice—Implications for processes of subjectivation
Authors: Sieber Egger Anja , Unterweger Gisela , Kaiser Fabienne 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article explores subjectivation processes in eating situations in Swiss kindergartens. On the basis of a long‐term ethnographic study and against the backdrop of the public discourse on healthy food in schools it investigates how norms and rules are being translated, shaped and performed in daily practices of un/doing difference. This ethnomethodological approach is combined with Judith Butlers deconstructionist perspective of analysing local and institutional norms of recognisability. The findings show that eating situations are highly relevant for processes of subjectivation and also bear a high potential for conflicts regarding differing cultural norms around eating.
Fostering global dialogue: Conceptualisations of children's rights to participation and protection
Authors: Collins Tara M. , Rizzini Irene , Mayhew Amanda 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe children's rights and child protection sectors are at a critical juncture: will they evolve to reflect and respond to changing conceptualisations in the 21st century or will they continue to reproduce 19th‐ and 20th‐century preoccupations with saving child victims? Informed by systematic reviews of the English‐ and Latin American academic literature in Spanish and Portuguese and key informant interviews with international stakeholders, this paper fosters global dialogue with some Global South and Global North perspectives about the interconnections of children's rights. It explores current conceptualisations of child participation and protection, and concludes that children's rights will only progress after recognition of limitations inherent to current conceptualisations.
Performance evaluation of stool DNA methylation tests in colorectal cancer screening: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gachabayov Mahir , Lebovics Edward , Rojas Aram , Felsenreich Daniel M , Latifi Rifat , Bergamaschi Roberto 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimThere is not sufficient evidence about whether stool DNA methylation tests allow prioritizing patients to colonoscopy. Due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, there will be a wait‐list for rescheduling colonoscopies once the mitigation is lifted. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to evaluate the accuracy of stool DNA methylation tests in detecting colorectal cancer.MethodsThe PubMed, Cochrane Library and MEDLINE via Ovid were searched. Studies reporting the accuracy (Sackett phase 2 or 3) of stool DNA methylation tests to detect sporadic colorectal cancer were included. The DerSimonian–Laird method with random‐effects model was utilized for meta‐analysis.ResultsForty‐six studies totaling 16 149 patients were included in the meta‐analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of all single genes and combinations was 62.7% (57.7%, 67.4%) and 91% (89.5%, 92.2%), respectively. Combinations of genes provided higher sensitivity compared to single genes (80.8% [75.1%, 85.4%] vs. 57.8% [52.3%, 63.1%]) with no significant decrease in specificity (87.8% [84.1%, 90.7%] vs. 92.1% [90.4%, 93.5%]). The most accurate single gene was found to be SDC2 with a sensitivity of 83.1% (72.6%, 90.2%) and a specificity of 91.2% (88.6%, 93.2%).ConclusionsStool DNA methylation tests have high specificity (92%) with relatively lower sensitivity (81%). Combining genes increases sensitivity compared to single gene tests. The single most accurate gene is SDC2, which should be considered for further research.
Gait features of dystonia in cerebral palsy
Authors: Aravamuthan Bhooma R , Ueda Keisuke , Miao Hanyang , Gilbert Laura , Smith Sarah E , Pearson Toni S 
Published: January 2021

AimTo determine the features cited by motor phenotyping experts when identifying dystonia in people with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodDystonia identification in CP, particularly when comorbid with spasticity, can be difficult. The dystonia diagnostic criterion standard remains subjective visual identification by expert consensus. For this qualitative study, we conducted an inductive thematic analysis of consensus‐building discussions between three pediatric movement disorder physicians as they identified the presence or absence of dystonia in gait videos of 40 participants with spastic CP and periventricular leukomalacia.ResultsUnanimous consensus about the presence or absence of dystonia was achieved for 34 out of 40 videos. Two main themes were present during consensus‐building discussions as videos were evaluated for dystonia: (1) unilateral leg or foot adduction that was variable over time, and (2) difficulty in identifying dystonia. Codes contributing to the first theme were more likely to be cited by a discussant when they felt dystonia was present (as opposed to absent) in a video (χ2test,p=0.004).DiscussionThese results describe the gait features cited by experts during consensus‐building discussion as they identify dystonia in ambulatory people with CP. Qualitative thematic analysis of these discussions could help codify the subjective process of dystonia diagnosis.
CircWHSC1 serves as an oncogene to promote hepatocellular carcinoma progression
Authors: Lyu Pengfei , Zhai Zhensheng , Hao Zhengwen , Zhang Haoruo , He Jiefeng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundCircular RNAs (circRNAs) function as vital regulators in multifarious cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the roles of circRNA Wolf‐Hirschhorn syndrome candidate gene‐1 (circWHSC1) in HCC are barely known.MethodsQuantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was conducted for the levels of circWHSC1, miR‐142‐3p, miR‐421, miR‐665 and homeobox A1 (HOXA1) mRNA. Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assay, colony formation assay and 5′‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU) assay were used to evaluate cell proliferation ability. Transwell assay was adopted for cell migration and invasion. Western blot assay was employed for protein levels. RNA pull‐down assay, dual‐luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay were executed to verify the interaction between miR‐142‐3p and circWHSC1 or HOXA1. Murine xenograft model assay was conducted for the role of circWHSC1 in vivo. The morphology of exosomes was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).ResultsCircWHSC1 was elevated in HCC tissues and cells, and high level of circWHSC1 was associated with worse overall survival of HCC patients. Knockdown of circWHSC1 suppressed HCC cell proliferation and metastasis in vitro and restrained tumorigenesis in vivo. CircWHSC1 functioned as the sponge for miR‐142‐3p, which directly targeted HOXA1. Inhibition of miR‐142‐3p ameliorated the effects of circWHSC1 knockdown on HCC cell proliferation and metastasis. Moreover, miR‐142‐3p overexpression restrained the growth and motility of HCC cells, with HOXA1 elevation reversing the impacts. Additionally, circWHSC1 was increased in HCC patients’ serum and might be a diagnostic indicator for HCC.ConclusionCircWHSC1 played a tumour‐promoting role in HCC by elevating HOXA1 through sponging miR‐142‐3p.
Comparative analysis of corolla tube development across three closely related Mimulus species with different pollination syndromes
Authors: Gurung Vandana , Yuan Yao‐Wu , Diggle Pamela K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFusion of petals to form a corolla tube is considered a key innovation contributing to the diversification of many flowering plant lineages. Corolla tube length often varies dramatically among species and is a major determinant of pollinator preference. However, our understanding of the developmental dynamics underlying corolla tube length variation is very limited. Here we examined corolla tube growth in the Mimulus lewisii species complex, an emerging model system for studying the developmental genetics and evo‐devo of pollinator‐associated floral traits. We compared developmental and cellular processes associated with corolla tube length variation among the bee‐pollinated M. lewisii, the hummingbird‐pollinated Mimulus verbenaceus, and the self‐pollinated Mimulus parishii. We found that in all three species, cell size is non‐uniformly distributed along the mature tube, with the longest cells just distal to the stamen insertion site. Differences in corolla tube length among the three species are not associated with processes of organogenesis or early development but are associated with variation in multiple processes occurring later in development, including the location and duration of cell division and cell elongation. The tube growth curves of the small‐flowered M. parishii and large‐flowered M. lewisii are essentially indistinguishable, except that M. parishii tubes stop growing earlier at a smaller size, suggesting a critical role of heterochrony in the shift from outcrossing to selfing. These results not only highlight the developmental process associated with corolla tube variation among species but also provide a baseline reference for future developmental genetic analyses of mutants or transgenic plants with altered corolla tube morphology in this emerging model system.
Between locality variations in the seasonal patterns of dung beetles: the role of phenology in mitigating global warming effects
Authors: Cuesta Eva , Mingarro Mario , Lobo Jorge M. 
Published: January 2021

1. Global warming may especially affect ectothermic insect species, making it necessary to forecast the capacity of these species to cope with climatic changes.2. In this study, we use circular statistics to examine the seasonal plasticity of 32 dung beetle species in 17 localities of a mountain Iberian assemblage. We assume that the high variability between localities in the seasonal patterns for the same species suggests that seasonal plasticity could minimise the demographic effects of climate change on local populations.3. Our results suggest that the populations of at least one‐third of the dung beetle species could partially adapt to the effects of climate change by modifying their phenological occurrence, and that the degree of concentration of the seasonal occurrences is generally maintained independently of the locality. However, we have not detected clear seasonal pattern variations or a clear effect of environmental temperature on seasonal variations in around two‐thirds of the studied species.4. The dung beetle assemblages of this mountain region will experience deep changes in the future. Plasticity in seasonal patterns does not seem to be associated with species characteristics such as high‐rank taxonomic identity, body weight, or geographical distribution. Only the general functional character of species would have some explanatory power. Endophagic Aphodiidae dung beetle species would be more capable than hypophagic species in mitigating the effects of climate change by modifying their phenological traits, whereas that Scarabaeidae hypophagic species may cope better with these climatic changes without having to change their seasonal activities.
The effect of formal statistical courses attitudes on learning outcomes in a cohort of undergraduate dental students
Authors: Chen Fa , Hu Zhijian , Yan Lingjun , Lin Zheng , Liu Fengqiong , Lin Lisong , Qiu Yu , He Baochang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionWhilst statistical knowledge is essential for dental students' academic or professional careers, only a few studies have measured the attitudes of these students towards statistics courses. This study aimed to investigate the attitudes of a cohort of dental students towards a formal statistical course and explore the factors that are potentially related to these attitudes.MethodsA survey was performed amongst dental students of 2017 entry at Fujian Medical University, China. The questionnaire covers three aspects: demographic characteristics, educational background and attitudes towards formal statistics courses.ResultsA total of 103 dental students enrolled for the survey, and the response rate was 100.0%. 44.7% of dental students had positive attitudes towards formal statistics courses with an overall average of 25.7 (SD = 2.2, out of 30). Students' computer skills, expectations of course achievement, attention in class and learning atmosphere of the class were significantly associated with the attitudes towards formal statistics courses. Moreover, students with positive attitudes experienced a greater improvement in the statistical cognition and application ability of statistical methods after the course than those with negative/neutral attitudes. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between students' attitudes and achievement in the examination.ConclusionThese results suggest that attitudes are critical to the learning effectiveness in formal statistics courses amongst undergraduate dental students. All the educators involved should monitor the students' attitudes in the teaching process and make effective interventions to improve students' attitudes towards formal statistics courses.
The phenotypic spectrum of X‐linked, infantile onset ALG13‐related developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Datta Alexandre N. , Bahi‐Buisson Nadia , Bienvenu Thierry , Buerki Sarah E. , Gardiner Fiona , Cross J. Helen , Heron Bénédicte , Kaminska Anna , Korff Christian M. , Lepine Anne , Lesca Gaetan , McTague Amy , Mefford Heather C. , Mignot Cyrill , Milh Matthieu , Piton Amélie , Pressler Ronit M. , Ruf Susanne , Sadleir Lynette G. , de Saint Martin Anne , Van Gassen Koen , Verbeek Nienke E. , Ville Dorothée , Villeneuve Nathalie , Zacher Pia , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Lemke Johannes R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveAsparagine‐linked glycosylation 13 (ALG13) deficiencies have been repeatedly described in the literature with the clinical phenotype of a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE). Most cases were females carrying the recurrent ALG13 de novo variant, p.(Asn107Ser), with normal transferrin electrophoresis.MethodsWe delineate the phenotypic spectrum of 38 individuals, 37 girls and one boy, 16 of them novel and 22 published, with the most common pathogenic ALG13 variant p.(Asn107Ser) and additionally report the phenotype of three individuals carrying other likely pathogenic ALG13 variants.ResultsThe phenotypic spectrum often comprised pharmacoresistant epilepsy with epileptic spasms, mostly with onset within the first 6 months of life and with spasm persistence in one‐half of the cases. Tonic seizures were the most prevalent additional seizure type. Electroencephalography showed hypsarrhythmia and at a later stage of the disease in one‐third of all cases paroxysms of fast activity with electrodecrement. ALG13‐related DEE was usually associated with severe to profound developmental delay; ambulation was acquired by one‐third of the cases, whereas purposeful hand use was sparse or completely absent. Hand stereotypies and dyskinetic movements including dystonia or choreoathetosis were relatively frequent. Verbal communication skills were absent or poor, and eye contact and pursuit were often impaired.SignificanceX‐linked ALG13‐related DEE usually manifests as West syndrome with severe to profound developmental delay. It is predominantly caused by the recurrent de novo missense variant p.(Asn107Ser). Comprehensive functional studies will be able to prove or disprove an association with congenital disorder of glycosylation.