bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2545: A novel tool for the accurate and affordable early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer via machine learning and bioinformatics
Authors: Goel Siya , Honorio Jean 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the United States due to its five-year survival rate of 8.9%. Late diagnosis, affiliated with the asymptomatic nature in early stages and the location of the cancer with respect to the pancreas, makes current widely-accepted screening methods unavailable. Prior studies have achieved low (70-75%) diagnostic accuracy, possibly because 80.1% of PC cases are associated with diabetes, leading to misdiagnosis. To address the problems of frequent late diagnosis and misdiagnosis, an accessible, accurate, and affordable diagnostic tool was developed by analyzing the expression of nineteen genes in PC and diabetes. First, machine learning algorithms were trained on four groups of subjects, depending on the occurrence of PC and Diabetes. The models were analyzed with 400 PC subjects at varying stages to ensure validity. Naive Bayes, Neural Network, and K-Nearest Neighbors models achieved the highest testing accuracy of around 92.6%. Second, a novel user interface, PanCan Diagnosis, was designed to test an individual's occurrence of PC where the average likelihood of PC was displayed. Third, the biological implication of the nineteen genes was investigated using bioinformatics tools. It was found that these genes were significantly involved in regulating the cytoplasm, cytoskeleton and nuclear receptor activity in the pancreas, specifically in acinar and ductal cells. This novel tool is the first in the literature that achieves a PC diagnostic accuracy of above 90%, potentially increasing the five-year survival rate to 36%.
Citation Format: Siya Goel, Jean Honorio. A novel tool for the accurate and affordable early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer via machine learning and bioinformatics [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2545.
Abstract 2551: The development of cancer digital videos to increase participation in marginalized communities
Authors: Valera Pamela , Alzate-Duque Luis , Acuna Nicholas 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Social media, in the form of digital videos, targeted people with limited health literacy, as well as disadvantaged or marginalized groups, may help reduce cancer health disparities and improve health outcomes in these populations. In this article, we document the process of adapting the content from the Cancer 101 curriculum to create animated scripts about the cancer care continuum that is clear, straightforward, and in plain language. The development of the Cancer 101 digital videos required a multidisciplinary collaboration from - public health, medicine, technology, and expertise in correctional health, smoking cessation, web development, video producers, and individuals directly impacted by cancer disparities. The Cancer 101 videos were showcased at a community health fair where the videos were viewed by attendants waiting to be seen by a medical provider. While waiting for their cancer screening, thirteen individuals were selected and invited to watch all eleven videos totaling less than 60-minutes of viewing time. Overall, participants agreed that they would recommend the videos to friends/family and that they plan to watch other video modules to learn more information about cancer. Additionally, participants enjoyed the graphics and audio of the videos presented. Furthermore, participants noted that Cancer 101 digital videos described cancer in plain language, leading to a better understanding of the disease. Future research is needed to implement Cancer 101 digital videos in healthcare clinics to increase cancer information and improve cancer screening rates in marginalized communities.
Citation Format: Pamela Valera, Luis Alzate-Duque, Nicholas Acuna. The development of cancer digital videos to increase participation in marginalized communities [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2551.
Abstract 2562: EGCG targeting of adipogenesis reveals a STAT3-mediated paracrine oncogenic control of triple-negative breast cancer cell invasive phenotype
Authors: Suarez Narjara Gonzalez , Torres Sahily Rodriguez , Annabi Borhane 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Obese subjects have an increased risk of developing triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), in part associated with the chronic low-grade inflammation state. On the other hand, epidemiological data indicates that increased consumption of polyphenol-rich fruits and vegetables plays a key role in reducing incidence of some cancers.
Objectives: Here, we tested whether green tea-derived epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) could alter adipogenesis involved in the maturation of pre-adipocytes, and how this impacts the paracrine regulation of the mature adipocytes secretome on the TNBC invasive phenotype.
Methods: Differentiation was performed and conditioned media (CM) from preadipocytes and mature adipocytes harvested. Human TNBC-derived MDA-MB-231 real-time cell migration was performed using the exCELLigence system. Differential gene arrays and RT-qPCR were used to assess gene expression levels. Western blotting was used to assess protein expression levels. In vitro vasculogenic mimicry (VM) was assessed with Matrigel.
Results: EGCG was found to inhibit the induction of numerous key adipogenic biomarkers, including lipoprotein lipase, adiponectin, leptin, fatty acid synthase, and fatty acid binding protein 4. Increased MDA-MB-231 chemotaxis and VM were found in response to mature adipocytes secretome, and this was correlated with the induction of the STAT3 signaling pathway. This invasive phenotype was prevented by EGCG, JAK/STAT inhibitors Tofacitinib and AG490, as well as upon STAT3 gene silencing.
Conclusion: Adipocytes secretome plays a key role in the paracrine regulation of TNBC cells invasive phenotype. Dietary catechin-mediated interventions may, in part through the inhibition of adipogenesis and modulation of adipocytes secretome, prevent the onset of an obesogenic environment that favors TNBC development.
Citation Format: Narjara Gonzalez Suarez, Sahily Rodriguez Torres, Borhane Annabi. EGCG targeting of adipogenesis reveals a STAT3-mediated paracrine oncogenic control of triple-negative breast cancer cell invasive phenotype [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2562.
Abstract 2574: Collagen density and obesity promote mammary gland inflammation
Authors: Williams Abbey E. , Williams Abbey E. , Hoffman Erica , Warren Julia , Ponik Suzanne , Arendt Lisa M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Recent epidemiological studies suggest that the risk factors of breast density and obesity together increase breast cancer risk in premenopausal women, and these women have a worsened prognosis following breast cancer diagnosis. Although the underlying causes of increased risk associated with dense breasts and obesity have individually been explored, little is known about how these underlying risk factors interact together to enhance breast cancer risk. To model breast density, we used heterozygous Col1a1tmjae mice, that have a mutation that limits collagen degradation, leading to increased mammary collagen deposition. Heterozygous (het) mice or wild type (wt) litter mates were fed either a control diet (CD) or a high fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity. We quantified F4/80-positive macrophages within mammary glands using immunohistochemistry. We observed significantly increased numbers of macrophages in mammary glands of CD/het, HFD/wt and HFD/het mice compared to CD/wt mice. We observed significantly enhanced picrosirius red stained collagen surrounding mammary ducts from CD/het, HFD/wt, and HFD/het mice compared to those from CD/wt mice. Notably, HFD/het mice had significantly more collagen surrounding ducts than in mammary glands from CD/het mice. These results may suggest that obesity enhances collagen deposition and macrophage-driven inflammation within dense breast tissue in the mammary glands of non-tumor-bearing mice.
Citation Format: Abbey E. Williams, Abbey E. Williams, Erica Hoffman, Julia Warren, Suzanne Ponik, Lisa M. Arendt. Collagen density and obesity promote mammary gland inflammation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2574.
Abstract 2587: Investigating the impact of chemotherapy on gut microbiota and microbiota-derived metabolites and their link to inflammation and cardiometabolic disorders in children with cancer
Authors: Benmoussa Abderrahim , Levasseur Laurence , Coté-Sergerie Shuxia , Bélanger Véronique , Levy Emile , Laverdière Caroline , Stintzi Alain , Sinnett Daniel , Marcil Valérie 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) often suffer serious side-effects, including vomiting, diarrhea, severe infections, and cardiometabolic disorders. We hypothesized that deregulation of the intestinal microbiota, and its metabolites, is related to these side effects, and promotes inflammation and cardiometabolic disorders in this population. To explore this new avenue, we are recruiting 38 children with ALL treated at Sainte-Justine UHC in Montreal. At each treatment cycle, we compile clinical, treatment, and diet data, cardiometabolic status (weight, height, blood lipids, glucose, insulin, blood pressure), and collect blood and stool samples. We use high throughput sequencing to analyze the intestinal microbiota. Bacterial metabolites (SCFA, acyl-carnitines, p-cresol and TMAO) in stool and plasma are measured by GS-MS and HPLC-MS/MS. Biomarkers of inflammation (CRP, leptin, TNF-α, IL-6) and oxidative stress (ox-LDL, MDA, 8-OHdG) are evaluated in plasma or red blood cells by ELISA/Bioplex. On admission, 83% of patients had at least one cardiometabolic risk factor (59% high CRP, 83% pre/hypertriglyceridemia, 51% hypertension, 32.5% overweight/obesity, 27.9% hyperglycaemia) and 49% had a family history. After 31 days of treatment, some of these disorders were stabilized while others persisted or worsened (+7% obesity/overweight, -34% hypertriglyceridemia, -4.5% hypertension, +16% high CRP, -16.6% hyperglycaemia) and were associated with changes in short-chain acyl-carnitines (x1.3 - x3.4) and TMAO (x18.3). The links between these disorders, their temporal variation and inflammation, treatments, and side effects are being investigated. This project will serve as a basis for mechanistic and interventional studies to prevent inflammation and cardiometabolic disorders in children with cancer.
Citation Format: Abderrahim Benmoussa, Laurence Levasseur, Shuxia Coté-Sergerie, Véronique Bélanger, Emile Levy, Caroline Laverdière, Alain Stintzi, Daniel Sinnett, Valérie Marcil. Investigating the impact of chemotherapy on gut microbiota and microbiota-derived metabolites and their link to inflammation and cardiometabolic disorders in children with cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2587.
Abstract 2592: Boosting immune surveillance by low-dose PI3K inhibitor facilitates early intervention of breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Wang Jinyang , Xiao Yi , Yuan Xiangliang , Li Ping , Duan Yimin , Seewaldt Victoria L. , Yu Dihua 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Prevention of estrogen receptor–negative (ER-) breast cancer is an unmet challenge, although tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors can successfully decrease the incidence of ER-positive (ER+) breast cancer. PI3K pathway activation has been detected in tamoxifen-resistant ER- breast lesions of patients. Here, we further ratified that the PI3K pathway is significantly activated in premalignant ER- breast lesions compared with paired normal tissues of patients, which prompted our assessment of targeting PI3K on inhibition of ER- mammary tumor initiation and progression. Both genetic knockdown of PIK3CA or intervention with low-doses of a PI3K inhibitor (GDC-0941) prevented the dysplasia phenotype of semi-transformed human ER- mammary epithelial cells in 3-dimensional culture in vitro. Importantly, low-dose GDC-0941 treatment significantly delayed mammary tumor initiation in the MMTV-neu mouse model without exhibiting discernable adverse effects. Interestingly, increased CD8+/GZMB+ T-cells were detected in mammary tissue after GDC-0941 treatment, suggesting enhanced immune surveillance. Mechanistically, elevated expression of potent T-cell chemo-attractants, including CCL5 and CXCL10, were detected both in vitro and in vivo after GDC-0941 treatment. Furthermore, inhibition of PI3K significantly increased T-cell recruitment in a CCL5/CXCL10–dependent manner. In human ER- breast cancer, PI3K activation is correlated with significantly reduced CCL5, CXCL10 and CD8A expression, suggesting that the decreased CD8+ T-cell recruitment and escape of immune surveillance may contribute to ER- breast cancer development. In summary, our study indicates that low-dose PI3K inhibitor treatment may intervene early stage ER- breast cancer development by enhancing immune surveillance via CCL5/CXCL10.
Citation Format: Yuan Zhang, Jinyang Wang, Yi Xiao, Xiangliang Yuan, Ping Li, Yimin Duan, Victoria L. Seewaldt, Dihua Yu. Boosting immune surveillance by low-dose PI3K inhibitor facilitates early intervention of breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2592.
Abstract 2599: Does tumor volume effect the spectroscopic classification of brain cancer patients
Authors: Theakstone Ashton G. , Brennan Paul M. , Baker Matthew J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study focuses on investigating the link between brain tumor volume and the spectroscopic classification between patients with known gliomas and healthy controls. Discrimination of brain cancer vs. non-cancer patients using serum-based ATR-FTIR diagnostics was first developed by Hands et al. achieving sensitivity and specificity values of 92.8% and 91.5% respectively. Cameron et al. then went on to stratifying between specific brain tumor types and was successful in providing a sensitivity of 90.1% and a specificity of 86.3%. Expanding on these studies, it is vital to determine if the size of a tumor has a direct effect on the sensitivity and specificity and whether or not it was only the larger tumors that were being identified as cancerous. A cohort of 90 patients whose tumor volumes were calculated using their MRI images (either T1-weighted contrast enhanced, T2-weighted or FLAIR images), including patients with high-grade glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), and low-grade gliomas such as anaplastic astrocytoma, astrocytoma, oligoastrocytoma and oligodendroglioma, were used for investigation. Utilizing ATR-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with machine learning algorithms these tumor patients were stratified against 87 healthy controls and were classified as either cancer or non-cancer. From these initial findings' sensitivities, specificities and balanced accuracies were greater than 88% and cancer patients with tumor volumes as small as 0.2 cubic cm were correctly identified, demonstrating that classifications are not affected by tumor volume. Both small and low-grade gliomas were identified which shows great promise for this technique to be used as a screening tool or in diagnostics for early detection of brain tumors.
Citation Format: Ashton G. Theakstone, Paul M. Brennan, Matthew J. Baker. Does tumor volume effect the spectroscopic classification of brain cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2599.
Abstract 2604: Urinary microRNAs as biomarkers for early detection of urothelial cancer
Authors: Takayama Kazuya , Yamazaki Kohei , Yamaguchi Hiroki , Tsuda Keishu , Yasui Takao , Ichikawa Yuki 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
microRNAs modulate gene expression in various cancer types, and their profiles differ in healthy and cancer groups of people and they represent a warning sign for various cancer scenarios. Identification of tumor-specific microRNAs presents a powerful opportunity to potentially reduce cancer mortality through early detection. In order to achieve early detection through population screening, noninvasive approaches are needed to complement and improve upon current strategies for urothelial cancer (UC) screening. Since all microRNAs in the blood cannot be transferred from donor to recipient cells during single blood circulation, kidney filtration could pass some untransferred microRNAs from blood to urine, therefore urinary microRNAs might be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis of cancer. We investigated whether urine levels of microRNA can differentiate patients with UC from healthy individuals. Here, we successfully identified UC-related microRNA ensembles in urine through a combination of microfluidic microRNA extraction device and machine learning-based analysis.
We analyzed 93 urine samples from 27 UC patients and 66 healthy individuals (controls). An initial set of 74 microRNAs was selected by microarray microRNA profiling assay as biomarker candidates. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR was used for further analysis to validate the expression of microRNAs.
We selected a group of 6 microRNAs for validation; (miR-6089, miR-4488, miR-4784, miR-26a-5p, miR-148a-3p, and miR-143-3p) were confirmed to be significantly different in UC and controls. We adopted a logistic regression model and successfully developed a classifier based on these 6 microRNAs, which showed remarkably high sensitivity (94%) and specificity (85%).
In summary, patients with UC have significantly different patterns of microRNA expression from healthy individuals. We identified a signature of 6 microRNAs as predictors that can differentiate patients with UC from those who are healthy. These microRNAs could be potentially developed as biomarkers for UC.
Citation Format: Kazuya Takayama, Kohei Yamazaki, Hiroki Yamaguchi, Keishu Tsuda, Takao Yasui, Yuki Ichikawa. Urinary microRNAs as biomarkers for early detection of urothelial cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2604.
Abstract 2606: A nCounter-Based mRNA signature in plasma associates with localized non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Capitán Ana Giménez , Bracht Jillian , Potie Nicolas , González-Cao María , Viteri Santiago , Martínez-Bueno Alejandro , Cabrera-Gálvez Carlos , Rubinstein Pablo , Mayo-de-las-Casas Clara , Valarezo Joselyn , Huang Chung-Ying , Pedraz Carlos , Boykind Richard , Warren Sarah , Rosell Rafael , Molina-Vilaa Miguel Ángel , Aguilar-Hernández Andrés 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: 80% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases are diagnosed at stages IIIB-IV and have a dismal prognosis with a median life expectancy that does not exceed 2 years. In contrast, patients diagnosed at early and locally advanced stages (I-IIIA) can undergo surgery and have the potential to be totally cured. Imaging technologies often detect lung nodules of unknown significance that pose a diagnostic challenge; some patients with benign nodules are submitted to unnecessary surgical interventions while others with small tumors are just kept in observation, risking a significant delay for treatment. A diagnostic test that could differentiate between benign and malignant masses would be of great help in this setting.
Methods: Circulating-free RNA (cfRNA) was isolated from the plasma of healthy individuals (N=21), early(I-II) stage (N=22) and stage IIIA (N=12) NSCLC patients, using an automatic extraction method(Qiasymphony, Qiagen). Purified cfRNA was quantified using Qubit, retrotranscribed and pre-amplified (14cycles) using the Low RNA Input Amplification kit (NanoString Technologies). Gene expression analysis was performed on the nCounter platform using the PanCancer IO360TM (NanoString Technologies), which can detect 770 transcripts related to tumor biology, micro-environment and the immune system.
Results: Gene expression analysis revealed differential patterns for some cf-mRNAs from localized stage NSCLC patients versus healthy controls. A bioinformatics recursive feature elimination algorithm selected a 16-gene mRNA signature that was able to distinguish between localized NSCLC and control samples with an area under the ROC curve of 0.91 to 0.95. Furthermore, the signature scores derived from the algorithm were significantly different between the two cohorts.
Conclusions: We have found an 16-gene signature that can differentiate between cfRNA of localized stages NSCLC patients and control individuals. Our results warrant validation studies in larger cohorts.
Citation Format: Ana Giménez Capitán, Jillian Bracht, Nicolas Potie, María González-Cao, Santiago Viteri, Alejandro Martínez-Bueno, Carlos Cabrera-Gálvez, Pablo Rubinstein, Clara Mayo-de-las-Casas, Joselyn Valarezo, Chung-Ying Huang, Carlos Pedraz, Richard Boykind, Sarah Warren, Rafael Rosell, Miguel Ángel Molina-Vilaa, Andrés Aguilar-Hernández. A nCounter-Based mRNA signature in plasma associates with localized non-small cell lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2606.