bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of an Inpatient Nurse-Initiated Penicillin Allergy Delabeling Questionnaire
Authors: Dutcher Lauren , Bediako Hilary , Harker Christina , Rao Aditi , Sigafus Kristen , Hamilton Keith , Fadugba Olajumoke 
Published: November 2021

Background: Penicillin allergy is the most common drug allergy, with ~10% of all patients in the United States reporting a penicillin allergy. A penicillin allergy label is associated with the use of inappropriate or broad-spectrum antibiotics, worse patient outcomes, increased bacterial resistance, and increased healthcare costs, yet no studies have explored the unique role nurses may play in allergy delabeling through history taking as a part of broader antimicrobial stewardship efforts. Here, we describe the impact of using an inpatient nurse-initiated penicillin-allergy questionnaire. Methods: We implemented a nurse-driven intervention focused on penicillin allergy delabeling in inpatient noncritical care units (surgery, neurology, medicine, oncology, and cardiovascular medicine) at an academic hospital from July 9, 2019, to July 24, 2020. Patients with a penicillin allergy listed in the electronic health record (EHR) were identified and invited to participate. The intervention consisted of a questionnaire administered by nurses who elicited details of penicillin allergy history. If a patient was deemed eligible for penicillin allergy removal, nurses requested approval from both the patient as well as a physician member of the study team. Results: In total, 306 patients with a penicillin allergy label were identified in the EHR, of whom 242 patients were eligible for and agreed to participate in the delabeling interview (Figure 1). Of the 34 (14%) of 242 patients potentially eligible for delabeling by the questionnaire based on their history, the study physicians agreed with delabeling for 23 (68%) of 34 patients. Of these 34 patients, 18 (53%) agreed with delabeling (pending physician approval), and 16 (47%) of these 34 patients were ultimately delabeled. For those who declined delabeling, never wanting the label removed under any circumstance and uncertainty about accuracy of the survey results were common reasons for refusal (Figure 2). Additionally, for the 13 patients who refused delabeling, 9 patients did not want or were unsure about following up with an allergy specialist. Conclusions: The nurse-driven penicillin-allergy delabeling questionnaire is a no-cost intervention that can successfully identify patients to delabel. In this study, this measure resulted in the removal of 16 (7%) of 242 penicillin allergy labels. However, patients frequently opted to keep penicillin allergy labels, expressing uncertainty and fear of removal. Future work should explore optimal methods to engage nurses and patients in allergy delabeling, as well as the impact on antibiotic use and patient outcomes.Funding: NoDisclosures: None
Coherent optical vortex generation with multiple topological charges based on a seeded free electron laser
Authors: Sun Hao , Wang Xiaofan , Feng Chao , Tu Lingjun , Fan Weijie , Liu Bo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
To generate optical vortex with multiple topological charges, a simple scheme based on the phase mask shaping technique is proposed and applied in a seeded free electron laser. With a tailored phase mask, an extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) vortex with multiple topological charges can be produced. To prove the feasibility of this method, an eight-step phase mask is designed to shape the seed laser. The simulation results demonstrate that 100-MW, fully coherent EUV vortex pulses with topological charge 2 can be generated based on the proposed technique. We have also demonstrated the possibility of generating higher topological charges by using a phase mask with more steps.
Updated studies on exomoons in the HD 23079 system
Authors: Jagtap O. , Quarles B. , Cuntz M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We re-evaluate the outer edge of orbital stability for possible exomoons orbiting the radial velocity planet discovered in the HD 23079 system. In this system, a solar-type star hosts a Jupiter-mass planet in a nearly circular orbit in the outer stellar habitable zone. The outer stability limit of exomoons is deduced using N-body and tidal migration simulations considering a large range of initial conditions, encompassing both prograde and retrograde orbits. In particular, we extend previous works by evaluating many values in the satellite mean anomaly to identify and exclude regions of quasi-stability. Future observations of this system can make use of our results through a scale factor relative to the currently measured minimum mass. Using a constant time lag tidal model (Hut 1981), we find that plausible tidal interactions within the system are insufficient to induce significant outward migration toward the theoretical stability limit. While current technologies are incapable of detecting exomoons in this system, we comment on the detectability of putative moons through Doppler monitoring within direct imaging observations in view of future research capacities.
A novel, cost-effective lens irrigation system for rigid endoscopes in transnasal endoscopic surgery
Authors: Sekar R , Hassan M F 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn transnasal endoscopic surgical procedures, the lens of the endoscope often becomes fogged or smeared with mucus or blood. The surgeon has to clean the lens and reintroduce the endoscope multiple times during the surgery, making it a tiring process.MethodsThis paper describes an innovative lens irrigation system comprising a modified 16 Fr Foley catheter, a 20 cc or 50 cc syringe filled with warm normal saline (0.9 per cent), and a commercially available intravenous infusion set. The rigid endoscope is introduced into the catheter through the urine draining port. When the lens gets smudged with blood or mucus, the irrigating saline in the syringe is forced through the inflating port.ResultsA clear vision was restored immediately on flushing the syringe. The system did not compromise the operative space or hinder manoeuvrability.ConclusionThis cost-effective, innovative lens irrigation system saves the time spent in cleaning the lens and enhances operational efficiency, especially in a low-income setting.
The “most revolutionary” banner in British trade union history? Political identities and the birth, life, purgatory, and rebirth of the “red” Follonsby miners’ banner
Authors: Mates Lewis 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe history and iconography of trade union banners has been surprisingly under-explored since it was first taken seriously as a subject of study in the early 1970s. The nostalgia evident in these early accounts for an age that seemed to contemporaries then to be fleeting seems particularly incongruous given the more recent reinvigoration of the trade union demonstration. This article seeks to redress the balance by focusing on the Follonsby miners’ lodge banner. First unveiled in 1928, in a pit village on the northern edge of Durham coalfield in northeast England, the Follonsby miners’ banner was later hailed as a foremost candidate for the most revolutionary trade union banner in British history. This unsubstantiated claim is important in itself, as mass trade unionism in Britain is characterized by moderation and a reluctance to engage in radical politics; an observation that broadly stands for the influential British coal miners’ unions and, more specifically, for the miners of the Durham coalfield itself.The article's argument has both narrow and broad dimensions. Narrowly, it argues that the Follonsby banner has a strong claim to be regarded as the most revolutionary in Britain, albeit with “revolutionary” understood in certain theoretical and context-specific ways. The broader argument develops the claim that the iconography of the Follonsby banner is more significant for what the process of interrogating its “revolutionary” credentials reveals about the complexities of the political culture of the mainstream British Left in the twentieth century and after. In this broader respect, the Follonsby banner—iconography, birth, life, purgatory, and rebirth—is more important for its curious representatives rather than its individuated existence as an “extreme revolutionary” outlier.
Tropical Cyclone Outer Size Impacts the Number and Location of Tornadoes
Authors: Paredes Marco , Schenkel Benjamin A. , Edwards Roger , Coniglio Michael 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThere remains no consensus on whether the outer size of the tropical cyclone (TC) wind field impacts tornado occurrence. This study statistically examines the relationship between TC outer size with both the number and location of tornadoes using multidecadal tornado reports, a reanalysis‐derived TC outer size metric, and radiosonde data. These results show that larger TC spawn tornadoes that are located farther from and over a broader region relative to the cyclone center, although these changes do not entirely scale with TC outer size. Larger TCs are also associated with more frequent occurrence of tornadoes per 6 h, especially enhanced numbers of tornadoes. These changes in tornado occurrence in larger TCs may be due to a broadening of favorable helicity for tornadoes in the downshear sector, which may be partially offset by CAPE reductions in the left‐of‐shear quadrants.
Global Effects of a Polar Solar Eclipse on the Coupled Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere System
Authors: Chen Xuetao , Dang Tong , Zhang Binzheng , Lotko William , Pham Kevin , Wang Wenbin , Lin Dong , Sorathia Kareem , Merkin Viacheslav , Luan Xiaoli , Dou Xiankang , Luo Bingxian , Lei Jiuhou 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIt is well‐known that solar eclipses can significantly impact the ionosphere and thermosphere, but how an eclipse influences the magnetosphere‐ionosphere system is still unknown. Using a coupled magnetosphere‐ionosphere‐thermosphere model, we examined the impact on geospace of the northern polar‐region eclipse that occurred on June 10, 2021. The simulations reveal that the eclipse‐induced reduction in polar ionospheric conductivity causes large changes in field‐aligned current, cross‐polar cap potential and auroral activity. While such effects are expected in the northern hemisphere where solar obscuration occurred, they also occurred in the southern hemisphere through electrodynamic coupling. Eclipse‐induced changes in monoenergetic auroral precipitation differ significantly between the northern hemisphere and southern hemisphere while diffuse auroral precipitation is interhemispherically symmetric. This study demonstrates that the geospace response to a polar‐region solar eclipse is not limited just to the eclipse region but has global implications.
A Combined Optimization‐Assimilation Framework to Enhance the Predictive Skill of Community Land Model
Authors: Zhang Chong , Abbaszadeh Peyman , Xu Lei , Moradkhani Hamid , Duan Qingyun , Gong Wei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLand Surface Model (LSM) predictions are affected by unknown parameters, uncertain meteorological forcings, inaccurate initial conditions, and incomplete process representation. While parameter optimization (PO) algorithms have been used to estimate the model parameter for best model performance, the use of data assimilation (DA) has been receiving increased prominence to characterize the uncertainties in such models. However, it is still an open question that how DA techniques can be used together with PO algorithms to enhance the performance of LSMs for different applications. In this study, a combined framework composed of the PO algorithm—Adaptive Surrogate Modeling Based Optimization (ASMO) and the DA algorithm—Evolutionary Particle Filter with Markov Chain Monte Carlo (EPFM), is used to improve the soil moisture (SM) estimates of Community Land Model (CLM) across the Tibetan Plateau in China. The SM data from the Soil Moisture Active Passive satellite are used as the benchmark data for model improvement. To demonstrate the usefulness and effectiveness of the proposed approach, the simulated SM values are validated against the SM observations collected from the in situ networks in the Tibetan Plateau, China. The findings revealed that the joint application of ASMO and EPFM algorithms results in more accurate and reliable SM estimates of CLM compared to when they are solely employed. This study suggests that the combined optimization‐assimilation framework can be utilized for improving the predictive skill of the other large‐scale complex LSMs while accounting for the uncertainties associated with both model parameters and state variables.
Estimating Permeability of Partially Frozen Soil Using Floating Random Walks
Authors: Chen Jiangzhi , Mei Shenghua , Rempel Alan W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFlow through partially frozen pores in granular media containing ice or gas hydrate plays an essential role in diverse phenomena including methane migration and frost heave. As freezing progresses, the frozen phase grows in the pore space and constricts flow paths so that the permeability decreases. Previous works have measured the relationship between permeability and volumetric fraction of the frozen phase, and various correlations have been proposed to predict permeability change in hydrology and the oil industry. However, predictions from different formulae can differ by orders of magnitude, causing great uncertainty in modeling results. We present a floating random walk method to approximate the porous flow field and estimate the effective permeability in isotropic granular media with specified particle size distributions, without solving for the entire flow field in the pore space. In packed spherical particles, the method compares favorably with the Kozeny‐Carman formula. We further extend this method with a probabilistic interpretation of the volumetric fraction of the frozen phase, simulate the effect of freezing in irregular pores, and predict the evolution of permeability. Employing no adjustable parameters, our results can provide insight into the coupling between phase transitions and permeability change, which plays important roles in hydrate formation and dissociation, as well as in the thawing and freezing of permafrost and ice‐bed coupling beneath glaciers.
Predicting Thermal Performance of an Enhanced Geothermal System From Tracer Tests in a Data Assimilation Framework
Authors: Wu Hui , Fu Pengcheng , Hawkins Adam J. , Tang Hewei , Morris Joseph P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPredicting the thermal performance of an enhanced geothermal system (EGS) requires a comprehensive characterization of the underlying fracture flow patterns from practically available data such as tracer data. However, due to the inherent complexities of subsurface fractures and the generally insufficient geological/geophysical data, interpreting tracer data for fracture flow characterization and thermal prediction remains a challenging task. The present study aims to tackle the challenge by leveraging a data assimilation method to maximize the utilization of information inherently contained in tracer data, and meanwhile maintain the flexibility to handle various uncertainties. A tracer data interpretation framework was proposed with the following three components integrated: (a) We use principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce the dimensionality of model parameter space. (b) We use ES‐MDA (ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilation) to invert for fracture aperture/flow fields and obtain posterior model ensembles for uncertainty quantification. Various data types are assimilated jointly to improve the predictive ability of the posterior ensemble. (c) The inverted fracture aperture fields are then incorporated into reservoir models to predict thermal performance. We developed a field‐scale EGS model to verify the ability of the framework to characterize highly heterogeneous fracture aperture/flow fields and predicting thermal performance. We also applied the framework to a mesoscale field experiment to demonstrate its potential application in real‐world geothermal reservoirs. The results indicate that the proposed framework can effectively retrieve fracture flow information from tracer data for thermal prediction and uncertainty quantification, and thus provide informative guidance for EGS optimization and risk management.
Disconnected Gas Transport in Steady‐State Three‐Phase Flow
Authors: Alhosani Abdulla , Selem Ahmed M. , Lin Qingyang , Bijeljic Branko , Blunt Martin J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe use high‐resolution three‐dimensional X‐ray microtomography to investigate fluid displacement during steady‐state three‐phase flow in a cm‐sized water‐wet sandstone rock sample. The pressure differential across the sample is measured which enables the determination of relative permeability; capillary pressure is also estimated from the interfacial curvature. Though the measured relative permeabilities are consistent, to within experimental uncertainty, with values obtained without imaging on larger samples, we discover a unique flow dynamics. The most non‐wetting phase (gas) is disconnected across the system: gas flows by periodically opening critical flow pathways in intermediate‐sized pores. While this phenomenon has been observed in two‐phase flow, here it is significant at low flow rates, where capillary forces dominate at the pore‐scale. Gas movement proceeds in a series of double and multiple displacement events. Implications for the design of three‐phase flow processes and current empirical models are discussed: the traditional conceptualization of three‐phase dynamics based on analogies to two‐phase flow vastly over‐estimates the connectivity and flow potential of the gas phase.
Treating Functional Nonretentive Fecal Incontinence Using a Comprehensive Behavioral Treatment Across Settings
Authors: Axelrod Michael I. , Fontanini-Axelrod Angela 
Published: November 2021

Objective: Research identifying effective treatments for functional nonretentive fecal incontinence (FNRFI) is limited, making the establishment of empirical evidence-based practice parameters difficult. The purpose of the current study is to add to the literature by examining the effects of a comprehensive behavioral treatment for three children with FNRFI. Method: A comprehensive behavioral treatment involving education about FNRFI, regularly scheduled brief toilet sits, a reward system contingent on successful bowel movements in the toilet, and a cleanup procedure for fecal accidents was implemented at home and at school with three children (age range = 9–12 years), experiencing chronic fecal incontinence with no history of constipation or stool retention and concurrent behavior problems related to toileting. A nonconcurrent multiple baseline design across participants was used to evaluate the effects of the treatment on participants’ frequency of soiling, frequency of successful bowel movements in the toilet, and percentage of self-initiated successful bowel movements in the toilet. Results: The treatment resulted in improvements in all three participants’ fecal incontinence. Specifically, participants achieved full fecal continence after at least 7 weeks of treatment and maintained gains following the withdraw of the treatment. Conclusion: Results indicate that a comprehensive behavioral intervention implemented across settings can have a profound positive impact on children’s FNRFI. Implications for Impact Statement Research identifying effective treatments for youth experiencing fecal incontinence without constipation or stool retention (i.e., functional nonretentive fecal incontinence) is limited. This study found that a comprehensive behavioral treatment involving education, regularly scheduled brief toilet sits, a reward system, and a cleanup procedure for fecal accidents, implemented at home and school, effectively reduced the frequency of fecal accidents, increased the frequency of successful bowel movements in the toilet, and increased the independent toileting for three children with functional nonretentive fecal incontinence.
An ultrafast-response and flexible humidity sensor for human respiration monitoring and noncontact safety warning
Authors: Wang Xiaoyi , Deng Yang , Chen Xingru , Jiang Peng , Cheung Yik Kin , Yu Hongyu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe humidity sensor is an essential sensing node in medical diagnosis and industrial processing control. To date, most of the reported relative humidity sensors have a long response time of several seconds or even hundreds of seconds, which would limit their real application for certain critical areas with fast-varying signals. In this paper, we propose a flexible and low-cost humidity sensor using vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) as electrodes, a PDMS-Parylene C double layer as the flexible substrate, and graphene oxide as the sensing material. The humidity sensor has an ultrafast response of ~20 ms, which is more than two orders faster than most of the previously reported flexible humidity sensors. Moreover, the sensor has a high sensitivity (16.7 pF/% RH), low hysteresis (<0.44%), high repeatability (2.7%), good long-term stability, and outstanding flexibility. Benefiting from these advantages, especially the fast response, the device has been demonstrated in precise human respiration monitoring (fast breathing, normal breathing, deep breathing, asthma, choking, and apnea), noncontact electrical safety warning for bare hand and wet gloves, and noncontact pipe leakage detection. In addition, the facile fabrication of the flexible platform with the PDMS-Parylene C double layer can be easily integrated with multisensing functions such as pH sensing, ammonium ion sensing, and temperature sensing, all of which are useful for more pattern recognition of human activity.
Elevated ATGL in colon cancer cells and cancer stem cells promotes metabolic and tumorigenic reprogramming reinforced by obesity
Authors: Iftikhar Rida , Penrose Harrison M. , King Angelle N. , Samudre Joshua S. , Collins Morgan E. , Hartono Alifiani B. , Lee Sean B. , Lau Frank , Baddoo Melody , Flemington Erik F. , Crawford Susan E. , Savkovic Suzana D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObesity is a worldwide epidemic associated with increased risk and progression of colon cancer. Here, we aimed to determine the role of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), responsible for intracellular lipid droplet (LD) utilization, in obesity-driven colonic tumorigenesis. In local colon cancer patients, significantly increased ATGL levels in tumor tissue, compared to controls, were augmented in obese individuals. Elevated ATGL levels in human colon cancer cells (CCC) relative to non-transformed were augmented by an obesity mediator, oleic acid (OA). In CCC and colonospheres, enriched in colon cancer stem cells (CCSC), inhibition of ATGL prevented LDs utilization and inhibited OA-stimulated growth through retinoblastoma-mediated cell cycle arrest. Further, transcriptomic analysis of CCC, with inhibited ATGL, revealed targeted pathways driving tumorigenesis, and high-fat-diet obesity facilitated tumorigenic pathways. Inhibition of ATGL in colonospheres revealed targeted pathways in human colonic tumor crypt base cells (enriched in CCSC) derived from colon cancer patients. In CCC and colonospheres, we validated selected transcripts targeted by ATGL inhibition, some with emerging roles in colonic tumorigeneses (ATG2B, PCK2, PGAM1, SPTLC2, IGFBP1, and ABCC3) and others with established roles (MYC and MUC2). These findings demonstrate obesity-promoted, ATGL-mediated colonic tumorigenesis and establish the therapeutic significance of ATGL in obesity-reinforced colon cancer progression.