bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth and renal function dynamics of renal oncocytomas in patients on active surveillance
Authors: Neves Joana B. , Varley Rebecca , Agnesi Stefano , Withington John , Rodrigues Filipe B. , Warren Hannah , Yuminaga Yuigi , Capitanio Umberto , Rode Nicola , Grant Lee , Tran‐Dang My‐Anh , El‐Sheikh Soha , Walkden Miles , Cullen David , Aitchison Michael , Patki Prasad , Mumtaz Faiz , Barod Ravi , Bex Axel , Tran Maxine G. B. 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesTo study the natural history of renal oncocytomas and address indications for intervention by determining how growth is associated with renal function over time, the reasons for surgery and ablation, and disease‐specific survival.Patients and MethodsThe study was conducted in a retrospective cohort of consecutive patients with renal oncocytoma on active surveillance reviewed at the Specialist Centre for Kidney Cancer at the Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust (2012 to 2019). Comparison between groups was performed using Mann–Whitney U‐tests and chi‐squared tests. A mixed‐effects model with a random intercept for patient was used to study the longitudinal association between tumour size and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).ResultsLongitudinal data from 98 patients with 101 lesions were analysed. Most patients were men (68.3%) and the median (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 69 (13) years. The median (IQR) follow‐up was 29 (26) months. Most lesions were small renal masses, and 24% measured over 4 cm. Over half (64.4%) grew at a median (IQR) rate of 2 (4) mm per year. No association was observed between tumour size and eGFR over time (P = 0.871). Nine lesions (8.9%) were subsequently treated. Two deaths were reported, neither were related to the diagnosis of renal oncocytoma.ConclusionNatural history data from the largest active surveillance cohort of renal oncocytomas to date show that renal function does not seem to be negatively impacted by growing oncocytomas, and confirms clinical outcomes are excellent after a median follow‐up of over 2 years. Active surveillance should be considered the 'gold standard' management of renal oncocytomas up to 7cm.
Patients' beliefs towards contingency management: Target behaviours, incentives and the remote application of these interventions
Authors: Getty Carol‐Ann , Weaver Tim , Lynskey Michael , Kirby Kimberly C. , Dallery Jesse , Metrebian Nicola 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionContingency management interventions are among the most efficacious psychosocial interventions in promoting abstinence from smoking, alcohol and substance use. The aim of this study was to assess the beliefs and objections towards contingency management among patients in UK‐based drug and alcohol services to help understand barriers to uptake and support the development and implementation of these interventions.MethodsThe Service User Survey of Incentives was developed and implemented among patients (N = 181) at three UK‐based drug and alcohol treatment services. Descriptive analyses were conducted to ascertain positive and negative beliefs about contingency management, acceptability of different target behaviours, incentives and delivery mechanisms including delivering incentives remotely using technology devices such as mobile telephones.ResultsOverall, 81% of participants were in favour of incentive programs, with more than 70% of respondents agreeing with the majority of positive belief statements. With the exception of two survey items, less than a third of participants agreed with negative belief statements. The proportion of participants indicating a neutral response was higher for negative statements (27%) indicating greater levels of ambiguity towards objections and concerns regarding contingency management.Discussion and ConclusionsPositive beliefs towards contingency management interventions were found, including high levels of acceptability towards a range of target behaviours, incentives and the use of technology devices to remotely monitor behaviour and deliver incentives. These findings have implications for the development and implementation of remote contingency management interventions within the UK drug treatment services.
Figurate erythemas – update and diagnostic approach
Authors: Boehner Alexander , Neuhauser Ruth , Zink Alexander , Ring Johannes 
Published: May 2021

SummaryFigurate erythemas (FE) represent an etiopathophysiologically heterogeneous group of diseases defined by their characteristic annular erythematous skin lesions. Diagnosis is made primarily by clinical examination together with histological findings; often it is a diagnosis made by exclusion. While some authors discuss FE as clinical reaction pattern rather than distinct clinical entities, others identify four classic FE: erythema annulare centrifugum, erythema gyratum repens, erythema migrans and erythema marginatum. The differential diagnoses of FE are numerous and often challenging. We therefore present a potential diagnostic algorithm for FE that discriminates the differentials according to their temporal evolution and the clinical/histological phenotype of the various subtypes. Since some FE may present with an underlying malignancy, diligent clinicians are needed when dealing with those entities.
Different glutamate sources and endogenous co‐agonists activate extrasynaptic NMDA receptors on amacrine cells of the rod pathway microcircuit
Authors: Beltrán‐Matas Pablo , Hartveit Espen , Veruki Margaret L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe NMDA receptors (NMDARs) expressed by AII and A17 amacrine cells, the two main inhibitory interneurons of the rod pathway microcircuit in the mammalian retina, are exclusively extrasynaptic, activated by ambient levels of glutamate, and molecularly distinct, with AII and A17 amacrines expressing GluN2B‐ and GluN2A‐containing receptors, respectively. This important sensory microcircuit thus provides a unique model to study the activation and function of extrasynaptic NMDARs. Here, we investigated the sources of glutamate and the endogenous co‐agonists (d‐serine or glycine) that activate these distinct populations of NMDARs. With acute slices from rat retina, we used whole‐cell voltage‐clamp recording and measurement of current noise to monitor levels of NMDAR activity. Pre‐incubation of retina with bafilomycin A1 (an inhibitor of neurotransmitter uptake into synaptic vesicles) abolished NMDAR‐mediated noise in AII, but not A17 amacrines, suggesting a vesicular source of glutamate activates AII NMDARs, whereas a non‐vesicular source activates A17 NMDARs. Pre‐incubation of retina with l‐methionine sulfoximine (an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase) also abolished NMDAR‐mediated noise in AII, but not A17 amacrines, suggesting a neuronal source of glutamate activates AII NMDARs, whereas a glial source activates A17 NMDARs. Enzymatic breakdown of d‐serine reduced NMDAR‐mediated noise in AII, but not A17 amacrines, suggesting d‐serine is the endogenous co‐agonist at AII, but not A17 NMDARs. Our results reveal unique characteristics of these two populations of extrasynaptic NMDARs. The differential and independent activation of these receptors is likely to provide specific contributions to the signal processing and plasticity of the cellular components of the rod pathway microcircuit.
Powerful independent directors
Authors: Fogel Kathy , Ma Liping , Morck Randall 
Published: May 2021

AbstractShareholder valuations are economically and statistically positively correlated with independent director power, gauged by a composite of social network power centrality measures. Powerful independent directors’ sudden deaths reduce shareholder value significantly; other independent directors’ deaths do not, consistent with powerful independent directors increasing firm valuations. Further tests associate more powerful independent directors with less value‐destroying mergers and acquisitions, less free cash flow retention, more CEO accountability, and less earnings management. We interpret these findings as more powerful independent directors better detecting and countering CEO missteps because of better access to information, greater credibility in challenging errant top managers, or both.
Biogeochemical Coring and Preservation Method for Unconsolidated Soil Samples
Authors: Landis Richard , Hua Han , Yin Xin , Axe Lisa , Morgan Scott 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDeveloping an accurate conceptual site model (CSM) is an important process before a decision can be made regarding effective remedial actions. A critical aspect of an accurate CSM is thoroughly understanding the biogeochemistry occurring at the site in the area of concern. To collect media samples that accurately preserve the in situ biogeochemistry, a new Rotosonic core barrel and core preservation protocol was developed. The new biogeochemical core barrel (BCB) successfully isolated and preserved the in situ biogeochemical conditions of the soil core and minimized the soil core's exposure pathways to air. The BCB's success was achieved by a modified Rotosonic core barrel, a specialized drive shoe, an internal BCB core barrel piston, hydraulic extrusion of the soil core into a stainless core tube with an internal piston, and specialized core tube sealing, handling, and subsampling methods. Detailed subsampling of 65‐foot (nominally 20 m) soil core in 2‐inch (nominally 51 mm) increments within a specialized anaerobic glovebox confirmed the presence of five biogeochemical redox transition zones within the soil core. The BCB also allowed for split soil core samples for detailed mineralogical and live microbiological studies. Success of the BCB method is further evidenced by the presence of the highly redox‐sensitive surface bound iron sulfide mineral mackinawite. The BCB allowed detailed analysis of the soil core including Fe and S concentration gradients, oxidation–reduction potential gradients, volatile organic compound analysis, and live microbiological assessments.
A characterization of the Vickrey rule in slot allocation problems
Authors: Zhou Yu , Chun Youngsub , Serizawa Shigehiro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe study the slot allocation problem where agents have quasi‐linear single‐peaked preferences over slots and identify the rules satisfying efficiency, strategy‐proofness, and individual rationality. Since the quasi‐linear single‐peaked domain is not connected, the famous characterization of the Vickrey rule in terms of Holmström (1979)'s three properties cannot be applied. However, we are able to establish that on the quasi‐linear single‐peaked domain, the Vickrey rule is still the only rule satisfying efficiency, strategy‐proofness, and individual rationality.
Healthcare access and attitudes towards telehealth during the early phase of the COVID‐19 pandemic among an Australian cohort with inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Rischin Adam , Liew David , Black Rachel , Fletcher Ashley , Buchbinder Rachelle , Lassere Marissa , March Lyn , Robinson Philip C. , Hill Catherine ,   The ARAD Steering Committee†
Published: May 2021

AbstractCommunity restrictions due to COVID‐19 have changed healthcare, including increased telehealth use. During the early pandemic phase, a cohort of Australian patients with inflammatory arthritis was surveyed. Self‐reported access to healthcare was maintained and physical health was more likely to be self‐rated poorly than mental health. There was a high level of support for telehealth during and after the pandemic.
Examining antidepressant use in palliative care patients by risk of antidepressant discontinuation syndrome
Authors: Glanger Maxine R. , Peterson Gregory , Abraham Arun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAntidepressant drugs, which are widely used in palliative care patients for both management of psychiatric disorders and non‐psychiatric symptoms, may cause a cluster of distressing symptoms on discontinuation. In dying patients, cessation of oral intake may occur either temporarily or permanently for reasons related to disease or its treatment, as well as in the days before death. We examined antidepressant use in palliative care patients by risk of antidepressant discontinuation syndrome (ADDS). Strategies for reducing the risk of ADDS, and for managing it that should occur, are discussed.
TMEM161B‐AS1 suppresses proliferation, invasion and glycolysis by targeting miR‐23a‐3p/HIF1AN signal axis in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Shi Zuxuan , Li Guanghui , Li Zhen , Liu Junhao , Tang Yu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMounting data have shown that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) widely participate in tumour initiation, development, progression and glycolysis in a variety of tumours. However, the clinical prognosis and molecular mechanisms of TMEM161B‐AS1 in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain still unknown. Here, TMEM161B‐AS1 and HIF1AN were significantly lower in ESCC tissues than in normal samples, and their low expressions were both related to TNM stage, lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis of ESCC patients. Functionally, TMEM161B‐AS1 overexpression or miR‐23a‐3p depletion suppressed the proliferation, invasion and glycolysis as well as reduced glucose consumption and lactate production in ESCC cells. Mechanistically, TMEM161B‐AS1 manipulated HIF1AN expression by competitively sponging miR‐23a‐3p in ESCC cells. MiR‐23a‐3p mimic and HIF1AN siRNA partly reversed cell phenotypes mediated by TMEM161B‐AS1 in ESCC cells. Collectively, TMEM161B‐AS1, miR‐23a‐3p and HIF1AN may be tightly involved in ESCC development and progression as well as patients’ prognosis, and TMEM161B‐AS1/miR‐23a‐3p/HIF1AN signal axis may be a promising target for the treatment of ESCC patients.
Onset of fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus following hypophysitis after discontinuation of combined immunotherapy. A case report
Authors: Boswell Laura , Casals Gregori , Blanco Jesús , Jiménez Amanda , Aya Francisco , de Hollanda Ana , Halperin Irene , Arance Ana M , Mora Mireia , Hanzu Felicia A 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDiabetes is a rare, but potentially life‐threatening, adverse event of immune checkpoint inhibitors that requires prompt recognition and treatment. It usually occurs in the first 3 months of treatment and is typically related to programmed cell death‐1 antibodies, alone or in combined therapy. It has rarely been described developing after immunotherapy cessation. We present a 51‐year‐old man with metastatic melanoma, who developed acute‐onset diabetes 52 days after combined immunotherapy cessation with nivolumab and ipilimumab, and 25.6 months after receiving the first dose. He presented with acute hyperglycemic symptoms, ketosis, complete insulin depletion and negative autoimmunity, fulfilling the criteria of fulminant type 1 diabetes. The patient had previously developed hypophysitis with isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency during immunotherapy. We describe a case of late‐onset fulminant type 1 diabetes developing after immunotherapy cessation. Patient education and active follow up after immunotherapy discontinuation are crucial to warrant a timely intervention.
Financial Frictions and Macro‐Economic Fluctuations in Emerging Economies
Authors: AKINCI ÖZGE 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe country risk premium predicted by the dynamic real business cycle models in emerging markets is procyclical, whereas it is countercyclical in the data. This paper proposes a model in which a time‐varying risk premium emerges endogenously through a variant of the Bernanke–Gertler–Gilchrist financial accelerator mechanism. The estimated model can account for the volatility and the countercyclicality of risk premium as well as for other key business cycle moments. Time‐varying uncertainty in firm‐specific productivity significantly contributes to delivering a countercyclical default rate and explains more than half of the variances in the trade balance and risk premium.
Societal Benefit of Multiple Currencies
Authors: ARAUJO LUIS , FERRARIS LEO 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a new reason why countries may want to keep separate currencies rather than form a currency union. In a search model of a two‐country world, keeping multiple currencies with trade restrictions that favor the use of the domestic currency in domestic goods markets is socially beneficial relative to forming a currency union or letting multiple currencies circulate in all countries without restrictions. Multiple currencies improve the allocation of liquidity in the presence of trading frictions that make the use of currencies necessary to exchange commodities.
Development and evolution of the vestibular apparatuses of the inner ear
Authors: Mackowetzky Kacey , Yoon Kevin H. , Mackowetzky Emily J. , Waskiewicz Andrew J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe vertebrate inner ear is a labyrinthine sensory organ responsible for perceiving sound and body motion. While a great deal of research has been invested in understanding the auditory system, a growing body of work has begun to delineate the complex developmental program behind the apparatuses of the inner ear involved with vestibular function. These animal studies have helped identify genes involved in inner ear development and model syndromes known to include vestibular dysfunction, paving the way for generating treatments for people suffering from these disorders. This review will provide an overview of known inner ear anatomy and function and summarize the exciting discoveries behind inner ear development and the evolution of its vestibular apparatuses.
Rotating between day and night shifts: Factors influencing sleep patterns of hospital nurses
Authors: Shin Seunghwa , Kim SuHyun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate sleep patterns of hospital nurses using a wearable electronic device and determine the influence of rotating day and night shifts and lifestyle factors on their sleep efficiency.BackgroundNurses working in shifts are vulnerable to sleep disturbances. However, little is known about the influence of rotating day and night shift schedules and healthy lifestyle on nurses’ daily sleep patterns.DesignDescriptive correlational design.MethodsThirty‐two hospital nurses working in shifts and 32 hospital nurses not working in shifts participated in data collection. Their sleep patterns were measured for six consecutive days using Fitbit Charge 3™, and information on alcohol consumption, exercise, and eating habits were assessed using a questionnaire. Data were analysed using repeated measures analysis of variance with post hoc Scheffe's test and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The study was conducted in accordance with the STROBE guideline.ResultsOverall, nurses working on rotating day and night shifts had significantly shorter total sleep time, longer sleep onset latency, and lower sleep efficiency than those not working in shifts. In particular, nurses working for 3 or 4 consecutive night shifts had significantly shorter total sleep time, lower sleep efficiency and longer sleep onset latency than those working for 0–2 consecutive night shifts. Rotating day and night shifts and alcohol consumption significantly influenced sleep efficiency.ConclusionsA work schedule of ≥3 consecutive night shifts and the habit of alcohol consumption before bed time influence nurses’ sleep efficiency.Relevance to Clinical PracticeGiven the poor sleep pattern among nurses working in shifts, particularly those working on ≥2 consecutive night shifts, it is necessary to develop an optimal shift schedule and a program to promote healthy lifestyle among hospital nurses.
Creating an Indigenous Māori‐centred model of relational health: A literature review of Māori models of health
Authors: Wilson Denise , Moloney Eleanor , Parr Jenny M. , Aspinall Cathleen , Slark Julia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesIdentify the key concepts, principles and values embedded within Indigenous Māori models of health and wellbeing; and determine how these could inform the development of a Māori‐centred relational model of care.BackgroundImproving health equity for Māori, similar to other colonised Indigenous peoples globally, requires urgent attention. Improving the quality of health practitioners’ engagement with Indigenous Māori accessing health services is one area that could support improving Māori health equity. While the Fundamentals of Care framework offers a promising relational approach, it lacks consideration of culture, whānau or family, and spirituality, important for Indigenous health and wellbeing.Design and methodsA qualitative literature review on Māori models of health and wellbeing yielded nine models to inform a Māori‐centred relational model of care. We followed the PRISMA guidelines for reporting literature reviews.ResultsFour overarching themes were identified that included dimensions of health and wellbeing; whanaungatanga (connectedness); whakawhanaungatanga (building relationships); and socio‐political health context (colonisation, urbanisation, racism, and marginalisation). Health and wellbeing for Māori is a holistic and relational concept. Building relationships that include whānau (extended family) is a cultural imperative.ConclusionsThis study highlights the importance and relevance of relational approaches to engaging Māori and their whānau accessing health services. It signals the necessary foundations for health practitioners to build trust‐based relationships with Māori. Key elements for a Māori‐centred model of relational care include whakawhanaungatanga (the process of building relationships) using tikanga (cultural protocols and processes) informed by cultural values of aroha (compassion and empathy), manaakitanga (kindness and hospitality), mauri (binding energy), wairua (importance of spiritual wellbeing).Relevance to clinical practiceCulturally‐based models of health and wellbeing provide indicators of important cultural values, concepts and practices and processes. These can then inform the development of a Māori‐centred relational model of care to address inequity.
Evaluating different strategies for poor ovarian response management: a retrospective cohort study and literature review
Authors: Pantou Agni , Giannelou Polina , Grigoriadis Sokratis , Maziotis Evangelos , Tzonis Panagiotis , Koutsouni Anastasia , Pappa Charikleia , Philippou Anastassios , Koutsilieris Michael , Pantos Konstantinos , Simopoulou Mara , Sfakianoudis Konstantinos 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis retrospective study compares four different strategies for managing poor ovarian response (POR), namely, conventional stimulation (300 IUs) IVF–fresh embryo transfer (CONVF), mild stimulation (150 IUs) IVF–fresh embryo transfer (MILDF), mild stimulation embryo banking (MILDB), and embryo banking in natural cycles (NATB). In total, 796 POR patients were considered eligible. Statistical analysis revealed a shorter duration of stimulation and a lower required amount of gonadotropins in MILDF compared with CONVF (9.34 ± 1.17 versus 10.37 ± 1.14; 1402 ± 176 versus 3110 ± 343, P < 0.001). Comparing MILDF and MILDB, a higher number of available oocytes and embryos was observed in MILDB (2.36 ± 1.15 versus 6.58 ± 1.11; 1.72 ± 1.02 versus 3.51 ± 0.61, P < 0.001). Moreover, the MILDB presented with a lower number of required oocyte retrievals and a higher number of oocytes per oocyte retrieval compared with NATB (3.90 ± 1.56 versus 7.15 ± 1.80; 1.95 ± 0.74 versus 0.89 ± 0.20, P < 0.001). Data indicate that MILDF is equally efficient and associated with a shorter duration of stimulation and a lower required amount of gonadotropins compared with CONVF. Embryo accumulation may be more efficient compared with a fresh embryo transfer. MILDB may be a more efficient approach compared with NATB. To conclude, embryo accumulation following mild stimulation appears to form the optimal strategy for POR management. More studies are needed to verify these conclusions.