bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Germination biology of the exotic ice cream bean (Inga edulis Mart.) seed from Bedugul, Bali
Authors: Kuswantoro F , Li’aini A S 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInga edulisis an exotic edible Fabaceae species locally known asbuah es krimin Bedugul, Bali. The plant species is a favourite fruit for consumption and trading due to the sweet sarcostesta. WildI. edulisare abundantly grown in Bedugul. The current study aim is to describesI. edulisgermination biology. This study will provide data forI. edulisfuture research both in its domestication and invasion prevention.I. edulisseeds are collected two times from wild plants growing within Bali Botanic Garden. A total of twenty-oneI. edulisseeds are germinated in a clear closed plastic container with agar media at Bali Botanic Garden Seed Bank Laboratory. The germination process was observed daily until the seventh day after sowing (DAS) while number of seedlings was calculated in the last observation day. Quantitative and qualitative data analysis was conducted to describeI. edulisseed germination biology. This study result shows thatI. edulisseeds produce high germination percentage rapidly.I. edulisseeds exhibited hypogeal germination and phanerocotylar hypogeal with reserve storage seedling functional type. Polyembryony was also present with a single seed can produce up to four seedlings.
Time budget of daily activity of silvery lutung (Trachypithecus cristatus) in coastal forest habitat at Gunung Padang, West Sumatra
Authors: Akbar M A , Perwitasari-Farajallah D , Rizaldi  , Mardiastuti A , Tsuji Y 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Primate’s time budgets are the important aspect to investigate their ecological influences in their habitat. This study collected data on daily activities in a group of silvery lutung (Trachypithecus cristatus) in coastal forest habitat at Gunung Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia from August 2018 – July 2019, using instantaneous scan sampling method with 10-min intervals. This study analyzed the activity of wild silvery lutungs in study site, with emphasis on the age-sex differences and montly changes in their activity budget. This group spent most of time resting in their daily activity (average 47.50% of the total daytime resting), then followed by moving, feeding, grooming and other activities (conflict, nursing, urinating-defecating, playing, etc.). Resting peaked simultaneously in the morning and peaked back in the afternoon while moving and feeding decreased in this period. Their time budgets showed significant monthly variation: they spent a higher value of time feeding from September - Oktober 2018. They also differed among different sex-age classes: nursing females spent more time for actively moving, whereas adult male and single females devoted more time to resting, feeding, and grooming. These differences in their time budgets may reflect fundamental differences in reproductive biology, parental investment and development among the different age-sex classes.
Effectiveness of K2siO3on growth and physio-biochemical changes of banana seedlings grown under tropical climate as influenced by application frequency
Authors: Aiman Takrim M Z , Zaharah S S , Ismail M R , Kasim S , Ahmad K 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSlow growth rate of tissue-cultured banana seedling’s performance and high post-transplanting mortality rate are commonly due to low rate mineral content in the soil, climate change and soil-borne disease. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of potassium silicate (K2SiO3) on growth, physio-biochemical changes on Berangan banana seedlings grown under tropical climate conditions. The experiment was conducted under a rain shelter and all treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block (RCBD) design. The plants were soil drenched with K2SiO3at constant 0.0901 M by 25 mL/plant after two weeks of transplanting with different frequencies application: 0-day interval (DI) served as control, 7 DI (12×), 15 DI (6×) and 30 DI (3×) throughout three months experimental period. Results showed that K2SiO3(13% SiO2, 20% K2O) applied on healthy banana seedlings at 15 days interval significantly improved morphological growth trait (plant height, pseudo-stem diameter size, total leaf area, root length, and dry matter biomass) and physiological traits characters, but reduced proline and MDA content in plant tissues of banana. Hence, the results confirmed that each banana seedlings that received K2SiO3at optimum frequency rate (15DI) had successfully enhanced the growth performance with better quality of Berangan banana seedlings at commercial-scale production.
The use of weeping fig Ficus benjamina by wildlife in campus area of Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia
Authors: Mulyani Y A , Kusrini M D , Mardiastuti A , Oktaviani R , Kaban A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Figs are recognized as keystone species in sustaining wildlife. Many studies showed that Dramaga Campus (Bogor) provides suitable wildlife habitat but no information available on the use of figs by wildlife in the area. This study aimed at identifying wildlife species and examining the role of weeping fig (Ficus benjamina) in the campus area. A rapid pre-survey was conducted to list wildlife species using fig trees in July 2020; observation on sample trees was conducted (September-November 2020) to obtain data on the type, time, and location of wildlife activities. The results showed that fig trees were used by mammals (4 species), birds (26 species), reptiles (12 species), and amphibians (2 species; found nearby the sample trees). Mammals used fig trees primarily as part of locomotion (59%) and feeding (28%), birds mainly were perching (63%) and feeding (29%), and reptiles mainly were found resting (86%). Mammals were active during day and night; birds were most active in the morning. Lizards were found during the day, while snakes were mainly observed during nighttime. Birds and mammals used lower to top strata, while reptiles used lower strata and trunk. Weeping figs have essential roles as wildlife habitats in peri-urban areas.
Electrochemical profiles of bacteria isolated from crude oil on simple benzene compounds detection
Authors: Ghozali A A , Iswantini D , Kusmana C , Nurhidayat N 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Five polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) degrading bacterial species had been isolated from crude oil samples. All bacteria were positive Gram-stained, except one; and had positive results on the catalase test. After sequencing bacterial DNA, three bacterial genera were obtained with 99-100% certainty, namely: Pseudomonas sp., Staphylococcus sp., and Bacillus sp. All bacteria were known strongly to form a biofilm, thus can be applied for biosensing and/or bioremediation techniques. Using minimal mineral media growth assay as media culture, all bacteria were able to degrade naphthalene and anthracene, Staphylococcus sp. shown the strong degradation affinity. Meanwhile, Bacillus sp. tended to form strong biofilm. Electrochemical data were obtained with the cyclic voltammetry method, with a scan rate of 100 mV/s. Voltammogram profiles of all bacteria against simple benzene compounds (benzene, toluene, and xylene; concentration for each compound 1μL/mL) showed irreversible oxidation peaks at 0.20-0.40 V ppm of the analyte, producing current 50-100 μA. The measurements were taken when the solution was more stable (±10 seconds) after vigorous shaking to homogenize benzene compounds and introducing O2 into the solution. The peaks were decreasing over the next cycles, indicating the lower bioavailability of benzene compounds to be degraded with O2.
Nutritional indices and feeding preference of the Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) in several Brassicaceae plants
Authors: Asmoro P P , Dadang  , Pudjianto  , Winasa I W 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The quantity and quality of food consumed by insects affect their growth, development; likewise, the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), one of the important pests of Brassicaceae plants. The study aimed to determine feed preferences and the effect of four Brassicaceae, namely cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), caisin (B. rapa), broccoli (B. oleracea var. italica), and Rorippa indica, on the nutritional indices of P. xylostella larvae. The research methods consisted of insect rearing, nutrition indices test, preference test, and proximate analysis. The results showed that the highest preference was found in R. indica (47.81%), while the other three plant species were not significantly different. Cabbage treatment showed the highest efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) (8.56%), followed by R. indica, caisin, and broccoli. The same thing, cabbage treatment showed the highest efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) (13.02%), followed by caisin, R. indica, and broccoli. Broccoli had the highest approximate digestibility (AD) (89.38%), followed by R. indica, cabbage, and caisin. In general, the results of the nutritional indices showed that cabbage was the most suitable feed for P. xylostella larvae; in addition, with a high feeding preference, R. indica could potentially be used as a trap crop.
The effect of water content and carbon source addition on lipase production from Aspergillus aculeatus Ms.11 using spent coffee ground
Authors: Yuliyanti A , Manullang M C D , Ilmi M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Lipase is one of the industrially important enzymes, however, the production needs costly substrate. To overcome the problem, we developed an effective medium formulation to produce lipase from indigenous lipolytic mould Aspergillus aculeatus Ms.11 using spent coffee ground. We observed the effect of additional glucose and olive oil, and the influence of water content on lipase production. The experiments were done using the Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) method for 7 days. The results show that optimum lipase production on substrates with additional glucose and olive oil observed on day 4 with lipase activity of 16.296 U/mL and lipase productivity of 150.32 U/g/day. The optimum water content from the results is 50%. The highest lipase activity obtained using the water content is 291.80 U/mL, while the highest lipase productivity is 106.32 U/g/day. The results showed that water content as well as the addition of glucose and olive oil, affects lipase productivity of Aspergillus aculeatus Ms.11 on spent coffee ground. Further studies to optimise the production condition are suggested.
The effect of Etlingera elatior J. flower on the pulmo histology of white rat (Rattus novergicus L.) after cigarette smoke exposure
Authors: Hasri F , Manalu K , Tambunan E P S , Syukriah  
Published: December 2021

AbstractCigarette smoking is one of health issues that mainly harmed the lung due to its free radicals. Kecombrang (Etlingera elatiorJ.) is a medicinal plant known to have a high amount of antioxidant. This study aims to determine the effect of antioxidant inEtlingera elatiorJ. flower on the improvement of pulmonary histology of male white rats (Rattus novergicusL.) as the secondhand smoke (cigarette exposure). This research was conducted by experimental method with ethanol extract ofEtlingera elatiorJ. flower and pulmonary organ of white male rats as the test materials. There were 25 white male rats that divided into 5 groups (Positive Control, Negative Control, P1: 30 mg/Kg, P2:60 mg/Kg, and P3:90 mg/Kg). The results were statistically analyzed using One Way ANOVA test and Duncan’s test. The results showed a decreased amount of damage at P1, P2 and P3 groups. The statistical analysis showed thatEtlingera elatiorJ. flower extract had a significant effect (p <0.05) on the histological improvement in each group. Group P2 shows the lowest rate of damage that it can be concluded the most effective dose in repairing the damage to rat pulmonary histology due to exposure of cigarette smoke.
Decolourization of congo red synthetic dyes by dark septate endophytes
Authors: Melati I , Rahayu G , Surono  , Effendi H , Henny C 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The use of fungi is known to be an eco-friendly and cost-competitive approach to degrade synthetic dyes such as Congo Red (CR) in industrial effluents. This research aimed to evaluate the potential of dark septate endophytes (DSE) fungi in decolourizing CR synthetic dyes. Two DSE strains, namely CPP and KSP, were studied to decolourize 50 mgL−1 CR based on the capability to produce the ligninolytic enzyme, dye decolourization efficiency, decolourization index, and fungal dry biomass weight after 7 and 14 days of incubation. CR decolourization was monitored spectrophotometry at 495 nm. The result indicated that CPP and KSP were successfully decolourized CR dye up to 97.00% and 85.00%, respectively, with decolourization index of 1.37 and 1.36 within 14 days. There is no significant difference in DSE growth with and without the addition of CR dye. In addition, these two DSE fungi (CPP and KSP) are able to produce ligninolytic enzymes. The results indicated that the DSE are potential to be used as decolourization agents for azo synthetic dyes. This is the first report on the ability of DSE to decolourize azo synthetic dyes.
Melting curve analysis to differentiate Rickettsia spp. and Rickettsia felis
Authors: Widiastuti D , Agustiningsih  , Wijayati S P M , Lestari E 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Rickettsiosis, caused by Rickettsia species, is one of the old arthropod-borne illness that commonly found in humans and animals. One of the barriers to rickettsiosis control is the intricacy and time-consuming nature of rickettsiosis laboratory diagnosis. This study aimed to establish quantitative real-time PCR targeting the gltA gene for the DNA differentiation of Rickettsia spp. and Ricketsia felis. The collection of cat flea was extracted to acquire the DNA of Rickettsia. Primers were designed based on the analysis of Rickettsia gltA gene sequences. The confirmation of R. felis was performed by sequencing of PCR product. BLAST analysis was done to confirm the closest similarity of the sequences. Results of this study highlighted the melting temperature was reached at 78,5 °C for Rickettsia spp. and 76.5+0.5 °C for Rickettsia felis. The melting peak temperatures were significantly different between Rickettsia spp. and R. felis (p<0.05). The findings of this work are crucial in the development of powerful diagnostic procedures for detecting and distinguishing Rickettsia spp. and R. felis species.
Transformation and characterization of human insulin precursor gene in Pichiapastoris X-33
Authors: Sekaringtyas F C , Hardianto D , Karimah N , Nida V , Zahra A 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe case of diabetes increases significantly and has been projected to reach 592 million people in 2035. Consequently, the necessity of insulin will rise manifold and an efficient production system for insulin production is required to meet the market demands. The human insulin precursors that enzymatically converted to human insulin can be produced usingEscherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, orPichia pastoris. In this study,Pichia pastorisis used for production human insulin precursor because the resulting recombinant protein can be folded accordingly and secreted to the external environment of the cell that simplifies the purification process. The study was initiated with the insertion of a synthetic gene of human insulin precursor into the pPICZaA to create recombinant pPICZaA-IP plasmid. The recombinant plasmid was transformed intoEscherichia coliTop10 which then isolated and digested by theSacIenzyme. The linearize pPICZaA-IP plasmid was transfected intoPichia pastorisX-33 by electroporator. The result of transformation process, a total of 20 colonies of PpastorisX-33 were selected and inoculated in YPD agar medium containing Zeocin. The two colonies of Ppastoriswere characterized by PCR and sequencing showed that the recombinant pPICZaA-IP plasmid was successfully integrated into selected colonies of Ppastoris.
Kaolin application to increase lettuce (Lactuca sativa) growth under suboptimal watering condition
Authors: Fawwaz H F , Lathifatunnisa S , Hemelda N M , Yuniati R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Lettuce is a crop sensitive to water availability as it needs more water in cultivation. Kaolin has been reported to reduce the impact of drought stress in plants. However, the use of kaolin to increase lettuce growth under drought condition has not been reported yet. In this study, the effect of kaolin to increase the growth of lettuce under suboptimal watering condition was investigated. Kaolin foliar application (3%, 5%, and 6%) was tested on a group consisting of 5 lettuce plants grown under reduced watering condition in a greenhouse. Lettuce height, number of leaves, root length, leaf length and width, fresh and dry weight of lettuce, and leaf chlorophyll content were observed. Kaolin applications significantly increased the growth of lettuce in most parameters compared to the negative control (reduced watering condition, without kaolin). Kaolin 3% application presented the best treatment to increase growth parameters. All kaolin applications did not affect chlorophyll content significantly under lower watering condition. In conclusion, kaolin was able to reduce the impact of reduced watering condition and increase lettuce growth but showed no effect on the leaf chlorophyll content. Thus, further evaluation of kaolin application in lettuce under drought condition is needed.
Synthesis of layered vs planar Mo2C: role of Mo diffusion
Authors: Shehzad M Arslan , Das Paul Masih , Tyner Alexander C , Cheng Matthew , Lee Yea-Shine , Goswami P , Dos Reis Roberto , Chen Xinqi , Dravid Vinayak P 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Chemical vapor deposition growth of metal carbides is of great interest as this method provides large area growth of MXenes. This growth is mainly done using a melted diffusion based process; however, different morphologies in growth process is not well understood. In this work, we report deterministic synthesis of layered (non-uniform c-axis growth) and planar (uniform c-axis growth) of molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) using a diffusion-mediated growth. Mo-diffusion limited growth mechanism is proposed where the competition between Mo and C adatoms determines the morphology of grown crystals. Difference in thickness of catalyst at the edge and center lead to enhanced Mo diffusion which plays a vital role in determining the structure of Mo2C. The layered structures exhibit an expansion in the lattice confirmed by the presence of strain. Density functional theory shows consistent presence of strain which is dependent upon Mo diffusion during growth. This work demonstrates the importance of precise control of diffusion through the catalyst in determining the structure of Mo2C and contributes to broader understanding of metal diffusion in growth of MXenes.
Alternative oxidase (AOX) in the carnivorous pitcher plants of the genus Nepenthes: what is it good for?
Authors: Pavlovič Andrej , Kocáb Ondřej 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
The carnivorous pitcher plants of the genus Nepenthes have evolved modified leaves that act as pitcher traps. The traps are specialized for prey attraction, capture, digestion and nutrient uptake but not for photosynthetic assimilation.

Methods
In this study, we used antibodies against different photosynthetic (D1, Lhcb2, Lhcb4, RbcL) and respiratory-related (AOX, COXII) proteins for semi-quantification of these proteins in the assimilation part of the leaves and the pitcher traps of different Nepenthes species and hybrids. Different functional zones of the trap and the traps from different ontogenetic stages were investigated. The pitcher traps of the distantly related species Sarracenia purpurea ssp. venosa were used as an outgroup. In addition, chlorophyll fluorescence and infrared gas analysis were used for measurements of the net rate of photosynthesis (AN) and respiration in the dark (RD).

Key Results
The pitcher traps contained the same or lower abundance of photosynthesis-related proteins in accordance with their low AN in comparison to the assimilation part of the leaves. Surprisingly, all traps contained a high amount of alternative oxidase (AOX) and low amount of cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COX II) than in the assimilation part of the leaves. Thermal imaging did not confirm the role of AOX in pitcher thermogenesis.

Conclusions
The pitcher traps contain a high amount of AOX enzyme. The possible role of AOX in specialized pitcher tissue is discussed based on knowledge of the role and function of AOX in non-carnivorous plants. The roles of AOX in prey attraction, balance between light and dark reactions of photosynthesis, homeostasis of reactive oxygen species, digestive physiology and nutrient assimilation are discussed.
Distinguishing carbon gains from photosynthesis and heterotrophy in C3-hemiparasite–C3-host pairs
Authors: Giesemann Philipp , Gebauer Gerhard 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsPrevious carbon stable isotope (13C) analyses have shown for very few C3-hemiparasites utilizing C4- or CAM-hosts the use of two carbon sources, autotrophy and heterotrophy. This 13C approach, however, failed for the frequently occurring C3–C3 parasite–host pairs. Thus, we used hydrogen stable isotope (2H) natural abundances as a substitute for 13C within a C3-Orobanchaceae sequence graded by haustoria complexity and C3-Santalaceae.MethodsParasitic plants and their real or potential host plants as references were collected in Central European lowland and alpine mountain meadows and forests. Parasitic plants included the xylem-feeding holoparasite Lathraea squamaria parasitizing on the same carbon nutrient source (xylem-transported organic carbon compounds) as potentially Pedicularis, Rhinanthus, Bartsia, Melampyrum and Euphrasia hemiparasites. Reference plants were used for an autotrophy-only isotope baseline. A multi-element stable isotope natural abundance approach was applied.Key ResultsSpecies-specific heterotrophic carbon gain ranging from 0 to 51 % was estimated by a 2H mixing-model. The sequence in heterotrophic carbon gain mostly met the morphological grading by haustoria complexity: Melampyrum- &lt; Rhinanthus- &lt; Pedicularis-type.ConclusionDue to higher transpiration and lower water-use efficiency, depletion in 13C, 18O and 2H compared to C3-host plants should be expected for tissues of C3-hemiparasites. However, 2H is counterbalanced by transpiration (2H-depletion) and heterotrophy (2H-enrichment). Progressive 2H-enrichment can be used as a proxy to evaluate carbon gains from hosts.