bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A neo-aristotelian perspective on the need for artificial moral agents (AMAs)
Authors: Sison Alejo José G. , Redín Dulce M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe examine Van Wynsberghe and Robbins (JAMA 25:719-735, 2019) critique of the need for Artificial Moral Agents (AMAs) and its rebuttal by Formosa and Ryan (JAMA 10.1007/s00146-020-01089-6, 2020) set against a neo-Aristotelian ethical background. Neither Van Wynsberghe and Robbins (JAMA 25:719-735, 2019) essay nor Formosa and Ryan’s (JAMA 10.1007/s00146-020-01089-6, 2020) is explicitly framed within the teachings of a specific ethical school. The former appeals to the lack of “both empirical and intuitive support” (Van Wynsberghe and Robbins 2019, p. 721) for AMAs, and the latter opts for “argumentative breadth over depth”, meaning to provide “the essential groundwork for making an all things considered judgment regarding the moral case for building AMAs” (Formosa and Ryan 2019, pp. 1–2). Although this strategy may benefit their acceptability, it may also detract from their ethical rootedness, coherence, and persuasiveness, characteristics often associated with consolidated ethical traditions. Neo-Aristotelian ethics, backed by a distinctive philosophical anthropology and worldview, is summoned to fill this gap as a standard to test these two opposing claims. It provides a substantive account of moral agency through the theory of voluntary action; it explains how voluntary action is tied to intelligent and autonomous human life; and it distinguishes machine operations from voluntary actions through the categories of poiesis and praxis respectively. This standpoint reveals that while Van Wynsberghe and Robbins may be right in rejecting the need for AMAs, there are deeper, more fundamental reasons. In addition, despite disagreeing with Formosa and Ryan’s defense of AMAs, their call for a more nuanced and context-dependent approach, similar to neo-Aristotelian practical wisdom, becomes expedient.
PEAK1 promotes invasion and metastasis and confers drug resistance in breast cancer
Authors: Wang Xingang , Zheng Yan , Wang Yu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPseudopodium-enriched atypical kinase 1 (PEAK1) has been reported to be upregulated in human malignancies and is correlated with a poor prognosis. Enhanced PEAK1 expression facilitates tumor cell survival, invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance. However, the role of PEAK1 in breast cancer is unclear. We investigated PEAK1 expression in breast cancer and analyzed the relationship with clinicopathological status and chemotherapy resistance. We also investigated the role of PEAK1 in breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Immunohistochemistry for PEAK1 was performed in 112 surgically resected breast cancer tissues. The association between clinicopathological status, chemotherapy resistance and PEAK1 expression was determined. The effect of PEAK1 overexpression or downregulation on proliferation, colony formation, invasion, migration, metastasis and doxorubicin sensitivity in MCF-7 cells in vitro and in vivo was studied. PEAK1 was overexpressed in breast cancer tissues. High PEAK1 expression was correlated with tumor size, high tumor grade, tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, recurrence, Ki-67 expression, Her-2 expression and chemotherapy resistance. Inhibiting PEAK1 decreased cell growth, invasion, metastasis and reversed chemoresistance to doxorubicin in breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. High PEAK1 expression was associated with the invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance of breast cancers. Furthermore, targeting PEAK1 inhibited cell growth and metastasis and reversed chemoresistance in breast cancer cells. Targeting PEAK1 could be an effective treatment strategy for breast cancer.
Was informatisch richtig ist, kann auch juristisch recht sein
Authors: v. Lewinski Kai , Hähnle Johanna 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungDie ,,Richtigkeit‘‘ von Daten und Informationen ist für Prozesse von grundlegender Bedeutung,
im Computer wie im Recht. Ob und wie die informatischen Konzepte und Kategorien von Validität und
Qualität in das Recht übertragen werden, ist Gegenstand des nachstehenden Beitrags.
Hard Boiled: Alcohol Use as a Risk Factor for MDMA-Induced Hyperthermia: a Systematic Review
Authors: van Amsterdam Jan , Brunt Tibor M. , Pierce Mimi , van den Brink Wim 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlthough MDMA (ecstasy) is a relatively safe recreational drug and is currently considered for therapeutic use for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD), recreational MDMA use occasionally elicits hyperthermia and hyponatremia, sometimes with a fatal outcome. Specific risk factors for both adverse effects are profuse sweating while vigorously dancing under unfavorable conditions such as high ambient temperatures and insufficient fluid suppletion which result in dehydration. Concomitant use of MDMA and alcohol is highly prevalent, but adds to the existing risk, because alcohol facilitates the emergence of MDMA-induced adverse events, like hyperthermia, dehydration, and hyponatremia. Because of potential health-related consequences of concomitant use of MDMA and alcohol, it is important to identify the mechanisms of the interactions between alcohol and MDMA. This review summarizes the main drivers of MDMA-induced hyperthermia, dehydration, and hyponatremia and the role of concomitant alcohol use. It is shown that alcohol use has a profound negative impact by its interaction with most of these drivers, including poikilothermia, exposure to high ambient temperatures, heavy exercise (vigorous dancing), vasoconstriction, dehydration, and delayed initiation of sweating and diuresis. It is concluded that recreational and clinical MDMA-users should refrain from concomitant drinking of alcoholic beverages to reduce the risk for adverse health incidents when using MDMA.
A Novel Surfactant Sensitized Fluorescent Sensor for Co(II) Based on Nitrogen Doped Carbon Quantum Dots
Authors: Xu Ouwen , Liu Wei , Li Jiawei , Wan Shuyu , Zhu Xiashi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA novel nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CDs) were prepared by the microwave irradiation method. The fluorescence quenching effect of Co(II) on the N-CDs was studied in the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) medium and the fluorescence quenching was sensitized in the SDS. The linear range of calibration curve for the determination of Co(II) was 0.17µg/mL-11.8µg/mL and the limit of detection was 0.052µg/mL. The method has been applied for the determination of Co(II) in samples with satisfactory results.
LIST OF 14C DATES OBTAINED UNDER THE PROJECT “THE DOBUŻEK SCARP MICROREGION AS A PART OF A PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCULTURAL FRONTIER BETWEEN THE BALTIC AND THE PONTIC ZONE (FROM THE 6TH TO THE 2ND MILLENNIUM BC)”
Authors: Chmielewski Tomasz J , Goslar Tomasz , Hałuszko Agata , Sady-Bugajska Agata , Wiejacki Jan 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTThis paper presents results of accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (AMS 14C) dating of prehistoric samples (human and animal bones, cremated human bones, charcoals, and other charred plant macroremains) from archaeological sites located in the area of Dobużek Scarp, on the Sokal Ridge in central-eastern Poland (E Poland). The date list reports 46 14C age measurements performed within the project “The Dobużek Scarp Microregion as a part of a physiological and biocultural frontier between the Baltic and the Pontic zone (from the 6th to the 2nd millennium BC)” conducted in 2016–2021. The resulting 14C dates fall into quite a long interval, which in terms of the regional archaeological periodization lasts from the Middle Eneolithic to the Early Iron Age, and in terms of the climatological one corresponds with the Subboreal.
Rodent models of metabolic disorders: considerations for use in studies of neonatal programming
Authors: Ibrahim Kasimu Ghandi , Usman Dawoud , Bello Muhammad Bashir , Malami Ibrahim , Abubakar Bilyaminu , Bello Abubakar Murtala , Imam Mustapha Umar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEpidemiologically, metabolic disorders have garnered much attention, perhaps due to the predominance of obesity. The early postnatal life represents a critical period for programming multifactorial metabolic disorders of adult life. Though altricial rodents are prime subjects for investigating neonatal programming, there is still no sufficiently generalised literature on their usage and methodology. This review focuses on establishing five approach-based models of neonatal rodents adopted for studying metabolic phenotypes. Here, some modelled interventions that currently exist to avoid or prevent metabolic disorders are also highlighted. We also bring forth recommendations, guidelines and considerations to aid research on neonatal programming. It is hoped that this provides a background to researchers focused on the aetiology, mechanisms, prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders.
Cardiovascular events in perimembranous ventricular septal defect with left ventricular volume overload: a French prospective cohort study (FRANCISCO)
Authors: Guirgis Lisa , Valdeolmillos Estibaliz , Vaksmann Guy , Karsenty Clément , Houeijeh Ali , Hery Eric , Amedro Pascal , Pangaud Nicolas , Benbrik Nadir , Vastel Carine , Legendre Antoine , Jalal Zakaria , Hadeed Khaled , Ladouceur Magalie , Iserin Laurence , Laux Daniela , Iriart Xavier , Warin Fresse Karine , Leobon Bertrand , Harchaoui Samir , Lambert Virginie , Bonefoy Ronan , Basquin Adeline , Chalard Aurélie , Douchin Stéphanie , Bouzguenda Ivan , Denis Charlotte , Lucron Hugues , Bosser Gilles , Barre Elise , Urbina-Hiel Bérangère , Helms Pauline , Ansquer Hélène , Hauet Quentin , Leborgne Anne-Sophie , Cohen Laurence , Lupoglazoff Jean Marc , Guirgis Maurice , Gronier Céline , Maragnes Pascale , Moceri Pamela , Mauran Pierre , Bertail Claire , Lefort Bruno , Godart François , Baruteau Alban-Elouen , Ovaert Caroline , Bonnet Damien , Combes Nicolas , Khraiche Diala , Houyel Lucile , Thambo Jean Benoit , Mostefa-Kara Meriem , Hascoet Sébastien 
Published: September 2021

Brief summaryThe long-term prospective multi-centre nationwide (French) observational study FRANCISCO will provide new information on perimembranous ventricular septal defect with left ventricular overload but no pulmonary hypertension in children older than 1 year. Outcomes will be compared according to treatment strategy (watchful waiting, surgical closure, or percutaneous closure) and anatomic features of the defect. The results are expected to provide additional guidance about the optimal treatment of this specific population, which is unclear at present.
Favourable outcome for hydrops or cardiac failure associated with fetal tachyarrhythmia: a 20-year review
Authors: Tunca Sahin Gulhan , Beattie Robert Bryan , Uzun Orhan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground:Prognosis of fetuses with hydrops and tachyarrhythmia has been portrayed as poor in most published reports. This might lead to biased counselling, unnecessary caesarean section, preterm delivery, and even termination of pregnancy.Aims:To evaluate contemporary fetal and postnatal outcomes of hydropic fetuses with fetal tachyarrhythmia when it is treated effectively and monitored systematically.Methods:This is a retrospective review of a single centre experience at the University Hospital of Wales over a 20-year period. All fetuses received high doses of flecainide and digoxin combination treatment. Tachycardia response rate, time to arrhythmia and hydrops resolution, fetal and postnatal morbidity, and mortality rates were analysed.Results:Twenty fetuses were diagnosed with hydrops fetalis and received treatment. The mechanism of fetal tachyarrhythmia was supraventricular tachycardia in thirteen and atrial flutter in eight cases. Among the 20 fetuses treated, the overall tachycardia response rate was 90% (18/20) with the restoration of sinus rhythm in 85% (17/20) of the cases. The median time to restore sinus rhythm or to rate control of the arrhythmia was 1.5 days (range 12 hours to 13 days). Hydrops resolved in 17 of the 20 fetuses, with a median time of 12 days (range 3–21 days). Four fetuses went into spontaneous preterm birth and one fetus was delivered early due to worsening hydrops. No significant neurological morbidity was observed in surviving neonates and infants on clinical examination. There was one postnatal death due to respiratory complications of prematurity in the non-responsive supraventricular tachycardia case.Conclusions:High-dose flecainide and digoxin combination offers effective treatment strategy in fetuses with hydrops and tachyarrhythmia with favourable outcomes. This study may guide more realistic counselling for pregnancies complicated by tachyarrhythmia and hydrops.
Demographic and socio-economic shifts partly explain the Martinican nutrition transition: an analysis of 10-year health and dietary changes (2003–2013) using decomposition models
Authors: Colombet Zoé , Simioni Michel , Drogue Sophie , Lamani Viola , Perignon Marlène , Martin-Prevel Yves , Merle Sylvie , Amiot Marie-Josèphe , Darmon Nicole , Soler Louis-Georges , Méjean Caroline 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjective:The Caribbean has seen a dramatic shift in the obesity and chronic disease prevalence over the past decades, suggesting a nutrition transition. Simultaneously, Martinique has faced a demographic transition marked by significant population ageing. We aimed to differentiate the contribution of changes in health status and dietary intakes due to shifts in demographic and socio-economic characteristics (DSEC) from that due to unobserved factors.Design:Two cross-sectional surveys conducted in 2003 (n 743) and 2013 (n 573) on representative samples were used. Dietary intakes were estimated by 24-h recalls. The contribution of changes in health status and dietary intakes due to shifts in observed DSEC was differentiated from that due to unobserved factors over a 10-year interval, using Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition models.Setting:Martinique, French region in the Caribbean.Participants:Martinican adults (≥16 years).Results:Over the study period, health status deteriorated, partly owing to shifts in DSEC, explaining 62 % of the change in the prevalence of hypertension (+13 percentage points (pp)) and 48 % of waist circumference change (+3 cm). Diet quality decreased (mean adequacy ratio –2pp and mean excess ratio + 2 pp) and energy supplied by ultra-processed food increased (+4 pp). Shifts in DSEC marginally explained some changes in dietary intakes (e.g. increased diet quality), while the changes that remained unexplained were of opposite sign, with decreased diet quality, lower fruits, tubers and fish intakes and higher energy provided by ultra-processed foods.Conclusion:Explained dietary changes were of opposite sign to nutrition transition conceptual framework, probably because unobserved drivers are in play, such as food price trends or supermarkets spread.
Optimizing Probabilities in Probabilistic Logic Programs
Authors: AZZOLINI DAMIANO , RIGUZZI FABRIZIO 
Published: September 2021

AbstractProbabilistic logic programming is an effective formalism for encoding problems characterized by uncertainty. Some of these problems may require the optimization of probability values subject to constraints among probability distributions of random variables. Here, we introduce a new class of probabilistic logic programs, namely probabilisticoptimizablelogic programs, and we provide an effective algorithm to find the best assignment to probabilities of random variables, such that a set of constraints is satisfied and an objective function is optimized.
East Australian Cyclones and Air‐Sea Feedbacks
Authors: Sérazin G. , Di Luca A. , Sen Gupta A. , Rogé M. , Jourdain N. C. , Argüeso D. , Bull C. Y. S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe importance of resolving mesoscale air‐sea interactions to represent cyclones impacting the East Coast of Australia, the so‐called East Coast Lows (ECLs), is investigated using the Australian Regional Coupled Model based on NEMO‐OASIS‐WRF (NOW) at resolution. The fully coupled model is shown to be capable of reproducing correctly relevant features such as the seasonality, spatial distribution and intensity of ECLs while it partially resolves mesoscale processes, such as air‐sea feedbacks over ocean eddies and fronts. The mesoscale thermal feedback (TFB) and the current feedback (CFB) are shown to influence the intensity of northern ECLs (north of ), with the TFB modulating the pre‐storm sea surface temperature (SST) by shifting ECL locations eastwards and the CFB modulating the wind stress. By fully uncoupling the atmospheric model of NOW, the intensity of northern ECLs is increased due to the absence of the cold wake that provides a negative feedback to the cyclone. The number of ECLs might also be affected by the air‐sea feedbacks but large interannual variability hampers significant results with short‐term simulations. The TFB and CFB modify the climatology of SST (mean and variability) but no direct link is found between these changes and those noticed in ECL properties. These results show that the representation of ECLs, mainly north of , depend on how air‐sea feedbacks are simulated. This is particularly important for atmospheric downscaling of climate projections as small‐scale SST interactions and the effects of ocean currents are not accounted for.
Generating High‐Fidelity Reflection Images Directly From Full‐Waveform Inversion: Hikurangi Subduction Zone Case Study
Authors: Davy Richard G. , Frahm Laura , Bell Rebecca , Arai Ryuta , Barker Daniel H. N. , Henrys Stuart , Bangs Nathan , Morgan Joanna , Warner Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFull‐waveform inversion (FWI) can resolve subsurface physical properties to high resolutions, yet high‐performance computing resources have only recently made it practical to invert for high frequencies. A benefit of high‐frequency FWI is that recovered velocity models can be differentiated in space to produce high‐quality depth images (FWI images) of a comparable resolution to conventional reflection images.Here, we demonstrate the generation of high‐fidelity reflection images directly from the FWI process. We applied FWI up to 38 Hz to seismic data across the Hikurangi subduction margin. The resulting velocity models and FWI images reveal a complex faulting system, sediment deformation, and bottom‐simulating reflectors within the shallow accretionary prism. Our FWI images agree with conventional reflection images and better resolve horizons around the Pāpaku thrust fault. Thus, FWI imaging has the potential to replace conventional reflection imaging whilst also providing physical property models that assist geological interpretations.
A Lagrangian Perspective on Stable Water Isotopes During the West African Monsoon
Authors: Diekmann Christopher J. , Schneider Matthias , Knippertz Peter , de Vries Andries J. , Pfahl Stephan , Aemisegger Franziska , Dahinden Fabienne , Ertl Benjamin , Khosrawi Farahnaz , Wernli Heini , Braesicke Peter 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe present a Lagrangian framework for identifying mechanisms that control the isotopic composition of mid‐tropospheric water vapor in the Sahel region during the West African Monsoon 2016. In this region mixing between contrasting air masses, strong convective activity, as well as surface and rain evaporation lead to high variability in the distribution of stable water isotopologues. Using backward trajectories based on high‐resolution isotope‐enabled model data, we obtain information not only about the source regions of Sahelian air masses, but also about the evolution of O and its isotopologue HDO (expressed as D) along the pathways of individual air parcels. We sort the full trajectory ensemble into groups with similar transport pathways and hydro‐meteorological properties, such as precipitation and relative humidity, and investigate the evolution of the corresponding paired {O, } distributions. The use of idealized process curves in the {O, } phase space allows us to attribute isotopic changes to contributions from (a) air mass mixing, (b) Rayleigh condensation during convection, and (c) microphysical processes depleting the vapor beyond the Rayleigh prediction, i.e., partial rain evaporation in unsaturated and isotopic equilibration in saturated conditions. Different combinations of these processes along the trajectory ensembles are found to determine the final isotopic composition in the Sahelian troposphere during the monsoon. The presented Lagrangian framework is a powerful tool for interpreting tropospheric water vapor distributions. In the future, it will be applied to satellite observations of {O, } over Africa and other regions in order to better quantify characteristics of the hydrological cycle.
Bathymetric Control on Borchgrevink and Roi Baudouin Ice Shelves in East Antarctica
Authors: Eisermann Hannes , Eagles Graeme , Ruppel Antonia Stefanie , Läufer Andreas , Jokat Wilfried 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe stability of ice shelves and drainage of ice sheets they buttress is largely determined by melting at their atmospheric and oceanic interfaces. Subglacial bathymetry can impact ice shelf stability because it influences the onset and the pattern of warm ocean water incursions into the cavities between them and the seafloor. Bathymetry is further important at pinning points, which significantly retard the flow of ice shelves. This effect can be lost instantaneously if basal and surface melting cause an ice sheet to thin and lift off its pinning points. With all this in mind, we have developed a model of bathymetry beneath the western Roi Baudouin and central and eastern Borchgrevink ice shelves in Dronning Maud Land based on inversion from gravity data and tied to available depth references offshore and subglacial topography inland of the grounding line. The model shows deep glacial troughs beneath the ice shelves and bathymetric sills close to the continental shelf. The central Borchgrevink Ice Shelf overhangs the continental slope by around 50 km, exposing its northern parts to the open ocean and higher ocean temperatures. Continuous troughs traverse the central Borchgrevink and western Roi Baudouin ice shelves at depths greater than the offshore thermocline and thus present a risk of Warm Deep Water intrusions into their cavities under the current and future oceanographic regimes. Differing bathymetric characteristics might explain the ice shelves' contrasting dominant mass loss processes.
MCM9 is associated with germline predisposition to early-onset cancer—clinical evidence
Authors: Goldberg Yael , Aleme Ola , Peled-Perets Lilach , Castellvi-Bel Sergi , Nielsen Maartje , Shalev Stavit A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMutatedMCM9has been associated with primary ovarian insufficiency. AlthoughMCM9plays a role in genome maintenance and has been reported as a candidate gene in a few patients with inherited colorectal cancer (CRC), it has not been clearly established as a cancer predisposition gene. We re-evaluated family members withMCM9-associated fertility problems. The heterozygote parents had a few colonic polys. Three siblings had early-onset cancer: one had metastatic cervical cancer and two had early-onset CRC. Moreover, a review of the literature onMCM9carriers revealed that of nine bi-allelic carriers reported, eight had early-onset cancer. We provide clinical evidence forMCM9as a cancer germline predisposition gene associated with early-onset cancer and polyposis, mainly in a recessive inheritance pattern. These observations, coupled with the phenotype in knockout mice, suggest that diagnostic testing for polyposis, CRC, and infertility should includeMCM9analysis. Early screening protocols may be beneficial for carriers.