bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving passenger safety in cars using novel radar signal processing
Authors: Abedi Hajar , Magnier Clara , Mazumdar Vishvam , Shaker George 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAccording to the group Kids and Cars, since 1990, nearly 1000 kids lost their lives because they were deliberately or unintentionally left in parked vehicles to potentially overheat or freeze. The development of technology able to prevent and address this serious, worldwide problem is crucial. In this paper, we deploy a radar‐based sensor for in‐vehicle presence‐absence detection of a living body. We present a novel radar signal processing technique to identify the presence or absence of a living body in a vehicle using a mm‐wave frequency‐modulated continuous‐wave (FMCW) radar. Our proposed method is based on reflections from breathing cycles creating correlated and consistent micro‐Doppler effects over time. The performance of the system is evaluated with adults and two phantoms mimicking the breathing of children in various scenarios. The results show that we can clearly detect any tiny living body in vehicles with 100% accuracy without a need for any compute‐intensive complex signal processing, making the system of extreme low‐cost. The results demonstrate the high sensitivity and robustness of the mm‐wave system in extensive studies over the course of multiple months.
Hyperventilation maneuver during EEG in children with epilepsy after the COVID‐19 pandemic. Is a routine procedure necessary?
Authors: Ríos‐Pohl Loreto , Franco Macarena , Gonzalez Magdalena 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveHyperventilation (HV) is one of the main and basic activation methods during ambulatory electroencephalogram (EEG), unless medical reasons contraindicate it. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, with the high risk of human‐to‐human infection, local guidelines and recommendations have been developed that suggest not to perform the HV maneuver routinely. Our objective was to characterize patients who present positive HV in an epilepsy center.MethodsWe analyzed retrospectively all the ambulatory EEGs performed during one year in our specialized ambulatory child and adolescent epilepsy center, and describe patients with positive maneuver.ResultsA total of 305 EEGs were performed. Patients under 3 years and 11 months were excluded as well as all patients that did not fill up the criteria for epilepsy diagnosis. From the 252 EEGs that were included in the study, 194 EEGs (77%) were classified as abnormal and 58 (23%) as normal. From these same 252 EEGs, 150 EEG finished correctly the HV maneuver. Physiological slowing response was found in 54 EEGs (36%), no changes (negative) in 83 (55%), and abnormal response (positive) in 13 EEGs (9%). The 13 HV‐positive EEGs showed 4 patients with an increase of epileptiform activity, 3 patients experienced an increase of basal preregistered abnormal slowing, and 6 EEGs showed trigger of bilaterally synchronous and symmetric 2‐4 Hz spike‐and‐slow wave discharges and absences. None of these last 6 patients needed more than 3 minutes to elicit the paroxysmal discharge.SignificanceBased on these findings and according with other studies, the low positivity and high specificity of the HV maneuver support the idea that HV could be excluded during the COVID‐19 pandemic situation, and also reevaluate whether it could be changed to a complementary maneuver, restricted only for cases where absence epilepsy is suspected. Larger studies will be needed to reaffirm this proposal.
Tropical fruit waste‐derived mesoporous rock‐like Fe2O3/C composite fabricated with amphiphilic surfactant‐templating approach showing massive potential for high‐tech applications
Authors: Murphin Kumar Paskalis Sahaya , Ganesan Sivarasan , Al‐Muhtaseb Ala'a H. , Al‐Haj Lamya , Elancheziyan Mari , Shobana Sutha , Kumar Gopalakrishnan 
Published: May 2021

SummaryRecently, the glycolipids biosurfactant materials have widely been utilized for many industrial applications due to their feasible surface activity, biodegradable as well as eco‐friendly nature. Even though many of the earlier studies have been reported on such kind of surfactants, in this study we focused on porous rocks‐like Fe2O3/C composites, which were magnificently synthesized from a novel tropical fruit biomass, using a glycolipid biosurfactant with high specific surface area of about 466.9 m2/g via a biofunctional single‐step thermochemical method. They could be applied as an adsorbent to adsorb the pharmaceutical pollutants mainly, DCF from aqueous solution. Moreover, the highest adsorption capacity for DCF could be achieved, which is of about 77.51 mg/g. Furthermore, as‐prepared glycolipid functionalized Fe2O3/C composites were used as electrode materials for high‐performance supercapacitors. Galvanostatic charge‐discharge results showed that the Fe2O3/C modified electrode possesses a specific capacitance of about 374 F/g with a current density of 0.2 A/g and it has retained 84% of capacitance, even after 3000 cycles. The remarkable performances are mainly due to the surface amendments of the Fe2O3/C composite, using biologically produced glycolipid surfactant, would have more favorable foreground towards the upcoming energy crises.
A systematic review of network analysis studies in eating disorders: Is time to broaden the core psychopathology to non specific symptoms
Authors: Monteleone Alessio Maria , Cascino Giammarco 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveNetwork theory considers mental disorders as the product of symptom interaction. A growing number of studies employing this methodology has been conducted in eating disorders (EDs). We aimed to review those studies to provide evidence and limitations for a novel conceptualisation of EDs.MethodsAccording to PRISMA guidelines and PICOS criteria, studies eligible for inclusion were those employing network analysis in people with a clinically defined diagnosis of ED. Twenty‐five studies were included and were analysed in relation to diagnosis, comorbidity, and treatment outcome.ResultsDespite the central role of overvaluation of body shape and weight and cognitive restraint across ED diagnoses, ineffectiveness, interoceptive awareness and affective problems appear central symptoms. Ineffectiveness and interoceptive awareness emerge as bridge symptoms promoting comorbidity in people with anorexia nervosa and in mixed ED samples. Although few studies assessed treatment outcome, there is evidence supporting the predictive role of central network nodes.ConclusionsIneffectiveness, interoceptive ability and affective problems may be included in the core ED psychopathology, in addition to ED‐specific symptoms. Network analysis is a promising method to reconceptualize comorbidity. Future studies are recommended to include general psychopathology in ED networks, to assess connections with the external field and clinical meaning of network connectivity.
Bridging granularity gaps to decarbonize large‐scale energy systems—The case of power system planning
Authors: Cao Karl‐Kiên , Haas Jannik , Sperber Evelyn , Sasanpour Shima , Sarfarazi Seyedfarzad , Pregger Thomas , Alaya Oussama , Lens Hendrik , Drauz Simon R. , Kneiske Tanja M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe comprehensive evaluation of strategies for decarbonizing large‐scale energy systems requires insights from many different perspectives. In energy systems analysis, optimization models are widely used for this purpose. However, they are limited in incorporating all crucial aspects of such a complex system to be sustainably transformed. Hence, they differ in terms of their spatial, temporal, technological, and economic perspective and either have a narrow focus with high resolution or a broad scope with little detail. Against this background, we introduce the so‐called granularity gaps and discuss two possibilities to address them: increasing the resolutions of the established optimization models, and the different kinds of model coupling. After laying out open challenges, we propose a novel framework to design power systems in particular. Our exemplary concept exploits the capabilities of power system optimization, transmission network simulation, distribution grid planning, and agent‐based simulation. This integrated framework can serve to study the energy transition with greater comprehensibility and may be a blueprint for similar multimodel analyses.
The impact of climate and societal change on food and nutrition security: A case study of Malawi
Authors: Hall Charlotte , Macdiarmid Jennie I. , Smith Pete , Dawson Terrence P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSociety is currently facing an unprecedented challenge in terms of achieving food and nutrition security for a rapidly expanding global population while also minimising and reversing damage to the natural environment. Compounding this issue is climate change, which adversely affects the four pillars of food security: availability, access, utilisation and stability. This study aims to quantify the potential impact of future climate and societal change on food and nutrition security under a range of plausible scenarios. Malawi is used as a case study given it is one of the most food insecure countries in the world. Using the Food Estimation and Export for Diet and Malnutrition Evaluation modelling framework, the quantity and quality of the national food supply are assessed under a suite of future (2050) climate and socioeconomic scenarios. The results indicate that undernourishment prevalence could be reduced in Malawi under a best‐case scenario; however, undernourishment is likely to increase assuming either a business‐asusual or a pessimistic scenario. On the other hand, the quality of the food supply in Malawi (in terms of micronutrient provision) is likely to decrease even under a best‐case scenario. Moreover, projected dietary change in the form of nutrition transition in Malawi is unlikely to improve micronutrient provision sufficiently to meet requirements. This is a consequence of the already low supply of micronutrient dense foods in Malawi, the negative impact of climate change on micronutrient dense crops and an insufficient increase in micronutrient dense foods associated with nutrition transition. This study highlights the importance of moving beyond the focus on dietary energy supply as a measure of food security since nutrient adequacy of diets may be a more pressing issue in the future than simply the quantity of food and supply of energy.
Biochemical and nutritional profile of maize bran‐enriched flour in relation to its end‐use quality
Authors: Hussain Muzzamal , Saeed Farhan , Niaz Bushra , Afzaal Muhammad , Ikram Ali , Hussain Shahzad , Mohamed Abdellatif A. , Alamri Mohamed S. , Anjum Faqir M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe core objective of current research was determined to nutritional and bioactive profile of maize bran (MB)‐enriched flour in relation to its end‐use product quality. Furthermore, rheological properties of MB‐enriched flour at different levels (5%, 10%, and 15%) were explicated through farinograph and mixograph. Moreover, bread was prepared with the addition of MB‐enriched flour and was characterized for nutritional and textural properties. Results showed that MB‐enriched flour having high water absorption and water retaining potential up to 4%–7% as compared to wheat flour (WF). Moreover, dough height gradually decreased with the addition of MB due to water‐binding ability of bran which causes a decrease in gas retention during fermentation. This resulted in bread volume decrease (4%–7%) as compared to WF. Furthermore, the moisture content and hardness increased with the addition of MB. The water activity of bread slightly increased with the addition of maize bran after 4‐day storage. Conclusively, MB‐enriched flour improved nutritional, textural, and sensorial properties of final product.
Diagnostic power of resting‐state fMRI for detection of network connectivity in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review
Authors: Ibrahim Buhari , Suppiah Subapriya , Ibrahim Normala , Mohamad Mazlyfarina , Hassan Hasyma Abu , Nasser Nisha Syed , Saripan M Iqbal 
Published: May 2021

AbstractResting‐state fMRI (rs‐fMRI) detects functional connectivity (FC) abnormalities that occur in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). FC of the default mode network (DMN) is commonly impaired in AD and MCI. We conducted a systematic review aimed at determining the diagnostic power of rs‐fMRI to identify FC abnormalities in the DMN of patients with AD or MCI compared with healthy controls (HCs) using machine learning (ML) methods. Multimodal support vector machine (SVM) algorithm was the commonest form of ML method utilized. Multiple kernel approach can be utilized to aid in the classification by incorporating various discriminating features, such as FC graphs based on “nodes” and “edges” together with structural MRI‐based regional cortical thickness and gray matter volume. Other multimodal features include neuropsychiatric testing scores, DTI features, and regional cerebral blood flow. Among AD patients, the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)/Precuneus was noted to be a highly affected hub of the DMN that demonstrated overall reduced FC. Whereas reduced DMN FC between the PCC and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) was observed in MCI patients. Evidence indicates that the nodes of the DMN can offer moderate to high diagnostic power to distinguish AD and MCI patients. Nevertheless, various concerns over the homogeneity of data based on patient selection, scanner effects, and the variable usage of classifiers and algorithms pose a challenge for ML‐based image interpretation of rs‐fMRI datasets to become a mainstream option for diagnosing AD and predicting the conversion of HC/MCI to AD.
Identifying trends over time in food affordability: The Illawarra Healthy Food Basket survey, 2011‐2019
Authors: Walton Karen , do Rosario Vinicius , Kucherik Misty , Frean Paul , Richardson Katie , Turner Michelle , Mahoney Jessica , Charlton Karen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the affordability of a healthy food basket (HFB) for welfare recipients and average income earners in 2019 and to compare trends from 2011.MethodsFifty‐seven food items’ prices were collected from fifteen stores across five suburbs representing low, medium and high socio‐economic status. Costs were compared with average weekly income and welfare payments to assess the baskets’ affordability for a family of four and five.ResultsIn 2019, a HFB was affordable (below 30% of household income) for a five‐person reference family with a pensioner, representing 24.8% of weekly welfare payments, but not for a four‐person reference family (33.0%). The cost of the HFB increased slightly over time from AU$288.91 in 2011 to AU$291.79 in 2019. The food affordability improved for a family of five including a pensioner over this period due to an increase of average weekly earnings and welfare payments.ConclusionIn 2019, the HFB was affordable for a five‐person family; however, a four‐person family receiving welfare benefits would have experienced significant “food stress,” with the food basket costing above 30% of household income.Implications for Health PromotionInequity in the affordability of healthy food is a major public health concern and one that demands recognition and national action. The impact of policies affecting welfare support and wages needs to be considered, as well as food pricing strategies and possible food subsidies for those at greatest risk of food insecurity.
Communication Styles Inventory—Brief: Adaptation and validation for Spanish nursing
Authors: Pérez‐Fuentes María del Carmen , Gázquez Linares José Jesús , Molero Jurado María del Mar , Martínez África Martos 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHealthcare attention is sometimes considered purely technical, but communication has proven to be closely related to clinical results and patient satisfaction. Therefore, evaluation of communication in the scope of healthcare is a priority. The purpose of this study was to validate and adapt the Spanish version of the Communication Styles Inventory in a sample of nursing professionals. The sample was made up of 2313 nursing professionals selected at random from various medical centres in Spain, and is therefore a sample actively employed at the time data were acquired. We started out from the Communication Style Inventory, a questionnaire for evaluating the predominance of certain individual communication behaviours on six scales (expressiveness, preciseness, verbal aggressiveness, questioningness, emotionality and impression manipulativeness). Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the model proposed showed god fit indices. The reliability of the model shown by the Cronbach's alpha of α = 0.81 was adequate, and so was single‐level and aggregate consistency. Finally, in the analysis of variance by type of contract, configural, metric and scalar invariance was acceptable, but not strict invariance. This instrument progresses in measuring non‐technical attributes, such as communication styles, in nursing personnel.
Association between measures of adiposity and blood pressure levels in adult Cameroonians
Authors: Dzudie Anastase , Njedock Nelson , Boombhi Jerome , Ba Hamadou , Amougou Sylvie Ndongo , Kamdem Felicite , Barche Blaise , Nzali Archange , Njomou Armel , Ngwasiri Calypse , Geh Meh Martin , Azabji Marcel , Mefire Alain Chichom , Njamnshi Alfred K. , Kingue Samuel , Empana Jean Philippe , Sobngwi Eugene , Etoundi Ngoa Laurent Serges , Kengne Andre Pascal 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionSeveral anthropometric measurements are variably recommended to assess adiposity in routine practice, with less agreement on their comparative performance. We assessed and compared the relationship of seven anthropometric measures of adiposity—waist circumference (WC), waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR), Body Mass Index (BMI), Ponderal Index (PI), Conicity Index (C index), A Body Shape Index (ABSI), and Body Roundness Index (BRI)—with blood pressure (BP) levels and prevalent hypertension in adult Cameroonians.MethodsData were collected as Cameroon's contribution to the global May Measurement Month 2017(MMM17) survey. Participants were nonpregnant adults, who had no BP measurement in the past year and with no prior hypertension diagnosis. Hypertension was defined as systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic ≥90 mm Hg. Odds ratios (ORs) for the presence of hypertension per 1 SD increase in each adiposity metrics were estimated in separate logistic regression models. Assessment and comparison of discrimination used the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) and nonparametric methods.ResultsWe included 14 424 participants (8210 [58.25%] female; 39.84 ± 14.33 years). There was a graded association between measures of adiposity and prevalent screen‐detected (newly diagnosed) hypertension, with effect sizes being mostly within the same range across measures of adiposity. AUC for hypertension prediction ranged from 0.709 with PI to 0.721 with BRI for single measures, and from 0.736 to 0.739 with combinations of measures of adiposity.ConclusionWC, WHtR, and BRI were strongly associated with BP and better predicted prevalent hypertension, with effects enhanced with the inclusion of BMI.
Tranglutaminase 2 contributes to the asthmatic inflammation by modulating activation of alveolar macrophages
Authors: Lee Hyun Seung , Park Da‐Eun , Bae Boram , Oh Keunhee , Jung Jae Woo , Lee Dong‐Sup , Kim In‐Gyu , Cho Sang‐Heon , Kang Hye‐Ryun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundTransglutaminase 2 (TG2), a multifunctional calcium‐dependent acyltransferase, is upregulated in asthmatic airways and reported to play a role in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood.ObjectiveTo investigate the role of TG2 in alternative activation of alveolar macrophages by using murine asthma model.MethodsTG2 expression was assessed in induced sputum of 21 asthma patients and 19 healthy controls, and lung tissue of ovalbumin (OVA)‐induced murine asthma model. To evaluate the role of TG2 in asthma, we developed an OVA asthma model in both TG2 null and wild‐type mice. The expression of M2 macrophage markers was measured by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) after OVA sensitization and challenge. To evaluate the effect of TG2 inhibition in vitro, interleukin 4 (IL‐4) or IL‐13‐stimulated expression of M2 macrophage markers was measured in CRL‐2456 cells in the presence and absence of a TG2 inhibitor.ResultsThe expression of both TG2 and M2 markers was increased in the sputum of asthmatics compared with that of healthy controls. The expression of TG2 was increased in macrophages of OVA mice. Airway hyperresponsiveness, and the number of inflammatory cells, including eosinophils, was significantly reduced in TG2 null mice compared with wild‐type mice. Enhanced expression of M2 markers in OVA mice was normalized by TG2 knockout. IL‐4 or IL‐13‐stimulated expression of M2 markers in alveolar macrophages was also attenuated by TG2 inhibitor treatment in vitro.ConclusionOur results suggest that TG2‐mediated modulation of alveolar macrophage polarization plays important roles in the pathogenesis of asthma.
Trends in childhood cancer incidence in sub‐Saharan Africa: Results from 25 years of cancer registration in Harare (Zimbabwe) and Kyadondo (Uganda)
Authors: Stoeter Ole , Seraphin Tobias Paul , Chitsike Inam , Chokunonga Eric , Kambugu Joyce Balagadde , Wabinga Henry , Parkin Donald Maxwell , Kantelhardt Eva Johanna 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe examined trends in childhood cancer incidence in sub‐Saharan Africa using data from two population‐based cancer registries in Harare (Zimbabwe) and Kyadondo (Uganda) with cases classified according to the International Classification of Childhood Cancer and explored reasons for observed variations and changes. Over the whole 25‐year period (1991‐2015) studied, there were only small, and nonsignificant overall trends in incidence. Nevertheless, within the period, peaks in incidence occurred from 1996 to 2001 in Harare (Zimbabwe) and from 2003 to 2006 in Kyadondo (Uganda). Kaposi sarcoma and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma accounted for the majority of the cases during these periods. These fluctuations in incidence rates in both registries can be linked to similar trends in the prevalence of HIV, and the availability of antiretroviral therapy. In addition, we noted that, in Harare, incidence rates dropped from 2003 to 2004 and 2007 to 2008, correlating with declines in national gross domestic product. The results indicate that the registration of childhood cancer cases in resource‐poor settings is linked to the availability of diagnostic services mediated by economic developments. The findings highlight the need for specialised diagnostic and treatment programmes for childhood cancer patients as well as positive effects of HIV programmes on certain childhood cancers.