bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homosynaptic frequency‐dependent depression by release site inactivation at neonatal hippocampal synapses in the stratum lacunosum‐moleculare
Authors: Ma Rong , Hanse Eric , Gustafsson Bengt 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhen activated at low frequencies (0.1–1 Hz), second postnatal week synapses onto the most distal part of the apical dendritic tree (stratum lacunosum‐moleculare) of rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells display a frequency‐dependent synaptic depression not observed for the more proximal (stratum radiatum) synapses. Depression in this frequency range is thought of as a possible contributor to behavioural habituation. In fact, in contrast to the proximal synapses, the distal synapses provide more direct sensory information from the entorhinal cortex as well as from thalamic nuclei. The use of antagonists showed that the activation of GABAA, GABAB, NMDA, mGlu, kainate, adenosine, or endocannabinoid receptors was not directly involved in the depression, indicating it to be intrinsic to the synapses themselves. While the depression affected paired‐pulse plasticity in a manner indicating a decrease in vesicle release probability, the depression could not be explained by a stimulus‐dependent decrease in calcium influx. Despite affecting the synaptic response evoked by brief high‐frequency stimulation (10 impulses, 20 Hz) in a manner indicating vesicle depletion, the depression was unaffected by large variations in release probability. The depression was found not only to affect the synaptic transmission at low frequencies (0.1–1 Hz) but also to contribute to the depression evolving during brief high‐frequency stimulation (10 impulses, 20 Hz). We propose that a release‐independent process directly inactivating release sites with a fast onset (ms) and long duration (up to 20 s) underlies this synaptic depression.
Risk factors, treatment and outcomes of subacute thyroiditis secondary to COVID‐19: a systematic review
Authors: Christensen Jacob , O'Callaghan Kevin , Sinclair Holly , Hawke Kate , Love Amanda , Hajkowicz Krispin , Stewart Adam G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 is known to cause an acute respiratory illness, although clinical manifestations outside of the respiratory tract may occur. Early reports have identified SARS‐CoV‐2 as a cause of subacute thyroiditis (SAT).MethodsA systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. MEDLINE, Web of Science and PubMed databases were queried in February 2021 for studies from December 2019 to February 2021. MeSH search terms ‘COVID‐19’, ‘SARS‐CoV‐2’ and ‘coronavirus’ along with search terms ‘thyroiditis’, ‘thyrotoxicosis’ and ‘thyroid’ were used. Descriptive statistics for continuous variables and proportions for categorical variables were calculated.ResultsFifteen publications reporting on 17 individual cases of COVID‐19‐induced SAT were identified. Age ranged from 18 to 69 years. The majority (14 of 17; 82%) of cases were female. The delay between onset of respiratory symptoms and diagnosis of SAT ranged from 5 to 49 days (mean, 26.5). Systemic inflammatory response syndrome related to viral infection was uncommonly reported at the time of SAT diagnosis. Thyroid ultrasonography frequently reported an enlarged hypoechoic thyroid with decreased vascularity and heterogenous echotexture. Elevated C‐reactive protein (CRP) was common at the time of SAT diagnosis, with results ranging from 4.5 to 176 mg/L (mean, 41 mg/L). Antithyroid antibodies were frequently negative. SAT‐specific treatment included corticosteroids for 12 of 17 (70.5%) patients. Most returned to normal thyroid status.ConclusionCOVID‐19‐associated SAT may be difficult to identify in a timely manner due to potential absence of classic symptoms, as well as cross‐over of common clinical features between COVID‐19 and thyrotoxicosis.
Intentional hastening of death through medication: a case series analysis of Victorian deaths prior to the Voluntary Assisted Dying Act 2017
Authors: Willmott Lindy , White Ben , Feeney Rachel , Chambaere Kenneth , Yates Patsy , Mitchell Geoffrey 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundVoluntary assisted dying is lawful in Victoria in limited circumstances and commences in Western Australia in mid‐2021. There is evidence that in rare cases, unlawful assisted dying practices occur in Australia.AimsTo determine whether assisted dying practices occurred in Victoria in the 12 months prior to the commencement of the Voluntary Assisted Dying Act 2017 (Vic) (‘VAD Act’), and to examine features of any identified cases.MethodsExploratory case series of adult patients in Victoria who died between May 2018 and 18 June 2019 as a result of medication administered with the primary intention of hastening death. Cases were identified from a self‐administered survey about medical end‐of‐life decisions for adult patients, completed by Victorian specialists treating adults at the end of life. We examined reported use of medication with the primary intention of hastening the patient's death; characteristics of assisted dying cases, including doctors' classification of such practices.ResultsNine cases met the inclusion criteria. Death did not occur immediately after providing medication with the intention of hastening death. In eight cases, it was framed as palliative or terminal sedation and/or continuous deep sedation. Most doctors used language that distanced their practices from assisted dying.ConclusionsUnlawful assisted dying practices seem to have occurred in a small number of deaths in Victoria prior to commencement of the VAD Act. These practices typically occurred within the context of palliative or terminal sedation and may be difficult to distinguish from lawful palliative care practice. Some survey responses possibly reflect ambiguity in doctors' intentions when providing medication.
The Trade Effects of the Economic Partnership Agreements between the European Union and the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States: Early Empirical Insights from Panel Data*
Authors: Stender Frederik , Berger Axel , Brandi Clara , Schwab Jakob 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study provides early ex‐post empirical evidence on the effects of provisionally applied Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) on trade flows between the European Union (EU) and the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States (ACP). Employing the gravity model of trade, we do not find a general EPA effect on trade between ACP countries and the EU, but identify heterogeneous effects across specific agreements and economic sectors. While the CARIFORUM‐EU EPA rather reduced imports from the EU overall, other EPAs seem to have partly increased EU imports, particularly for the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) EPA partner countries. On the sectoral level, by comparison, we find increases in the EU's agricultural exports to SADC, Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA) and the Pacific. In the area of manufactures trade, we find decreases of exports of the ESA and SADC countries to the EU, but increases in EU imports for SADC countries.
Psychological stress among pregnant and puerperal women in Japan during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Obata Soichiro , Miyagi Etsuko , Haruyama Yasuo , Umazume Takeshi , Kobashi Gen , Yoshimi Asuka , Hishimoto Akitoyo , Kurasawa Kentaro , Suzuki Yukio , Ikeda Tomoaki , Kimura Tadashi , Yamada Hideto 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate psychological stress among pregnant and puerperal women in Japan during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, we recruited pregnant women and puerperal women who delivered between January and September 2020 in Japan, using an online questionnaire. Participants were divided into low, middle, and high groups according to the degree of the epidemic in their region of residence. Related factors were analyzed using the chi‐squared test. The relationship between COVID‐19 epidemic regions and depression risks and anxiety using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Kessler 6 scale (K6) was evaluated using a univariate and multivariable logistic regression model.ResultsOverall, 7775 cases, including 4798 pregnant and 2977 puerperal women, were analyzed. The prevalence of high EPDS and K6 scores was significantly increased in pregnant women in the high than those in the low epidemic regions (EPDS: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.453, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.205–1.753; K6: aOR 1.601, 95% CI 1.338–1.918). There was no difference in EPDS score, but the prevalence of high K6 scores was significantly increased in puerperal women in the high than those in the low epidemic regions (aOR 1.342, 95% CI 1.066–1.690). Further, restriction on going to their hometown for delivery increased the prevalence of high EPDS scores among pregnant (aOR 1.663, 95% CI 1.296–2.133) and puerperal women (aOR 1.604, 95% CI 1.006–2.557).ConclusionsDecreased support due to the COVID‐19 pandemic affected the psychological status of pregnant and puerperal women; hence, investing medical resources in their healthcare essential.
The physical and mental burden on obstetricians and gynecologists during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A September 2020 questionnaire study
Authors: Umazume Takeshi , Miyagi Etsuko , Haruyama Yasuo , Obata Soichiro , Kobashi Gen , Kurasawa Kentaro , Suzuki Yukio , Ikeda Tomoaki , Kimura Tadashi , Yamada Hideto 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to clarify the physical and mental burden of the COIVD‐19 pandemic on obstetricians and gynecologists in Japan and to identify factors that increase the burden of their psychological stress.MethodsA web‐based questionnaire was sent to obstetricians and gynecologists in Japan via email and social media to collect voluntary responses. This survey was conducted from September 1 to 30, 2020.ResultsA total of 852 valid responses were included in the analysis; 76% (644) of the physicians felt that the COVID‐19 pandemic caused them physical and mental stress equal to or greater than the most severe disaster they had ever experienced. Physicians who reported high mental and physical stress were more likely to be in areas with high numbers of infected patients (odds ratio (OR) 1.571, p = 0.012). Physicians experienced great stress to the point of wearing heavy personal protective equipment during routine vaginal deliveries by mothers with no COVID‐19 symptoms. This trend was markedly pronounced for physicians working in regions with fewer cases of COVID‐19 infection.ConclusionsObstetricians and gynecologists who reported high mental and physical stress were more likely to be in areas with high numbers of infected patients. One potential reason for this may be that they were required to wear more personal protective equipment than necessary. Infection control methods that ensure the safety of obstetricians and gynecologists while not causing unnecessary physical or psychological stress are needed.
Antegrade ureteric embolization following transection and ligature in a lateral pelvic wall squamous cell carcinoma: Technique and literature review
Authors: Elghobashy Mirna , Verma Sunenah , Dyer Jules , El‐Ghobashy Alaa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIatrogenic injuries to the ureter are a rare event in gynecological surgery. They are often managed via stent insertion or nephrostomies. While embolization is commonly utilized for the sealing of vessels, its uses in ureter occlusion have not widely been reported. We describe a case of a 27‐year‐old patient with a previously stented ureter due to a pelvic side wall tumor causing an obstruction. She underwent a laparotomy and open biopsy. During the procedure, the ureter was injured and later ligated. The ligature slipped postoperatively with an obvious urinary leak inside the abdomen. The ureter was embolized using a nester embolization coil, histoacryl, and lipiodol. This is the first case in which this method was used for iatrogenic transection of the ureter.
Insects as a sustainable food ingredient: Identifying and classifying early adopters of edible insects based on eating behavior, familiarity, and hesitation
Authors: Rovai Dominic , Michniuk Elizabeth , Roseman Elizabeth , Amin Samir , Lesniauskas Ruta , Wilke Kristine , Garza Jeff , Lammert Amy 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study identifies early adopters of insects as a food ingredient. An online questionnaire was created using Red Jade software, and distributed through social media (Facebook, Instagram, and Reddit), email, and personal communication. Participants (n = 462) were segmented based on responses to six questions about willingness to consume insects. Responses were standardized within participants to account for differences in scale usage and participants were segmented using a partitioning around medoids (PAM) clustering algorithm in R Studio. Segmentation identified four clusters of participants: No‐thank‐you's (n = 130), Hideaways (n = 169), Daredevils (n = 59), and Peekaboo's (n = 104). For products containing whole insects (roasted or in a dish), Daredevils and Peekaboo's are early adopters. For products containing nonvisible insects, Daredevils, Peekaboo's, and Hideaways are early adopters. No trends were observed between traditional demographics (age and gender) and willingness to try insects, but willingness to try insects appeared to be related to familiarity with insect consumption, and lack of dietary restrictions.Practical ApplicationsDespite the sustainability benefits of insects as a food source, they have yet to achieve widespread adoption in developed countries. This may be due to the lack of exposure in developed cultures, and the hesitation to try foods that are new and unfamiliar. Identifying early adopters of insects as a food source will allow for product development and marketing opportunities toward groups willing to try insects. Increasing familiarity and exposure to insects will allow for easier penetration of insects into the market. The current study identified potential marketing strategies based on the target early adopter group. Daredevils are experience seekers who enjoy trying new things. Thus, marketing a product as a novel experience may be successful for this group. Peekaboo's and Hideaways are more health and sustainability conscious, so product development and marketing of insect products as sustainable meat alternatives may be successful in targeting these groups.
In situ and ex situ imaging of plant extracellular vesicles as nanovectors for cross‐domain communication
Authors: Kim Ki Woo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanometric, lipid membrane‐bound vesicles released outside the cell. Plants have not been traditionally regarded to have EVs due to the presence of a cell wall. However, since the mid‐1960s, EVs have been reported in various plant species. They are often shown as vesicles in multivesicular bodies (MVBs) that later fuse with the plasma membrane (PM). Plant EVs have been commonly visualized using electron microscopy. Using membrane‐spanning domains, plant EVs can be fluorescence‐detected. They were observed near the infection sites in host tissues attacked by pathogens or at the interfaces with symbiotic fungi. Plant EVs could be taken up by bacteria and fungi. Proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, including small ribonucleic acids (RNAs), were found in plant EVs. Plant EVs have been isolated from the symplast and apoplast of various organs and purified after density gradient ultracentrifugation. Improved protocols and technologies for EV visualization provide a basis for the future applications of EVs in plant pathology.
A molecular approach to the phylogeny of the moss genus Pseudocrossidium (Pottiaceae, Bryopsida) and its taxonomic implications
Authors: Cano María J. , Jiménez Juan A. , Gallego M. Teresa , Guerra Juan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPseudocrossidium is a genus of 21 species belonging to the Pottiaceae with the highest concentration of taxa and morphological variation found in South America. To investigate the evolutionary relationships among the species of Pseudocrossidium and other members of the Pottioideae, molecular phylogenetic reconstructions, using the nuclear ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2, and the plastid atpB‐rbcL, trnG, and trnL‐F, has been performed because this genus has only been partially tested using molecular markers. Bayesian and maximum likelihood topologies show that the genus, as presently circumscribed, is polyphyletic. Consequently, the circumscription of Pseudocrossidium is amended and numerous taxonomic changes resulting from the molecular, morphological, and nomenclatural studies are proposed. The phylogenetic and morphologically divergent Pseudocrossidium mendozense is renamed as Gertrudiella mendozensis. Pseudocrossidium linearifolium and P. porphyreoneurum are representatives of the new genera Barbulastrum and Helicobarbula, respectively. Pseudocrossidium carinatum and P. santiagense are accommodated in a new genus Austrobarbula. Aloinella, nested in a paraphyletic Pseudocrossidium, is maintained at generic rank, apparently derived from Pseudocrossidium. Barbula integrifolia, B. riograndensis, and Tortula jaffuelii are transferred to Pseudocrossidium. The remaining species of Pseudocrossidium are maintained in this genus, pending further studies. Conflicts of the trees observed could be evidence of interspecific or intergeneric gene flow in various lineages in the Pottioideae.
Phylogenomic relationships and species identification of the olive genus Olea (Oleaceae)
Authors: Dong Wen‐Pan , Sun Jia‐Hui , Liu Yan‐Lei , Xu Chao , Wang Yi‐Heng , Suo Zhi‐Li , Zhou Shi‐Liang , Zhang Zhi‐Xiang , Wen Jun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe olive genus Olea includes c. 30–40 taxa in three subgenera (Olea, Tetrapilus, and Paniculatae) within the family Oleaceae. Historically, the Olea genus was classified into four groups that were overall well supported by reconstructed phylogenies, despite incomplete sampling of subgenus Tetrapilus and poor resolution within clades. These analyses also showed that the genus was not monophyletic. Reliable identification of Olea species is important for both their conservation and utilization of this economically important genus. In this study, we used phylogenomic data from genome skimming to resolve relationships within Olea and to identify molecular markers for species identification. We assembled the complete plastomes, and nrDNA of 26 individuals representing 13 species using next‐generation sequencing and added 18 publicly available accessions of Olea. We also developed nuclear SNPs using the genome skimming data to infer the phylogenetic relationships of Olea. Large‐scale phylogenomic analyses of 138 samples of tribe Oleeae supported the polyphyly of Olea, with Olea caudatilimba and Olea subgenus Tetrapilus not sharing their most recent common ancestor with the main Olea clade (subgenus Paniculatae and subgenus Olea). The interspecific phylogenetic resolution was poor owing to a possible rapid radiation. By comparing with the plastome data, we identified the markers ycf1b and psbE‐petL as the best Olea‐specific chloroplast DNA barcodes. Compared with universal barcodes, specific DNA barcodes and super‐barcode exhibited higher discriminatory power. Our results demonstrated the power of phylogenomics to improve phylogenetic relationships of intricate groups and provided new insights into barcodes that allow for accurate identification of Olea species.
The theory of planned behaviour and sleep opportunity: An ecological momentary assessment
Authors: Mead Michael P. , Irish Leah A. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryMany American adolescents and adults report that they are not meeting sleep duration recommendations. Although insufficient sleep duration can occur due to factors outside an individual's direct control, many individuals choose to restrict their own sleep. The theory of planned behaviour (TPB) offers a framework to study this phenomenon. Recent research efforts have used the TPB to study sleep and have demonstrated success predicting sleep‐related intentions and behaviour but have failed to consider volitional sleep behaviour or consider between‐ and within‐person differences. The present study used an intensive longitudinal design to test how constructs of the TPB relate to nightly sleep opportunity. Healthy college students (N = 79) participated in a weeklong study in which they completed four ecological momentary assessment signals per day that measured their attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, and intentions relating to their nocturnal sleep opportunity. Participants wore an actiwatch each night of the study to measure their sleep opportunity. Mixed linear models found that both intentions and perceived behavioural control were significant predictors of subsequent sleep opportunity, and that perceived behaviour control was the strongest within‐day predictor of intentions. Results demonstrate that within‐person changes in perceived behavioural control and intentions predict subsequent sleep opportunity and provide insight into the potential refinement of sleep promotion efforts.
Nondestructive evaluation of baking parameters on pogácsa texture
Authors: Amani Hanieh , Firtha Ferenc , Jakab Ivett , Baranyai László , Badak‐Kerti Katalin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the potential application of image texture processing method on visible crumb structure of salty cake pogácsa, which was prepared with different baking times (5 and 7 min) and temperatures (200, 215, and 230°C). For this purpose, changes in gray level co‐occurrence matrix (GLCM) features including energy, contrast, correlation, homogeneity, and entropy were monitored and their relationship with the instrumental texture parameters (hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness) were assessed. The pore ratios were also extracted and visualized using image processing technique. Texture profile parameters indicated strong correlation (p < .01) with the image pattern parameters in different pogácsa groups. Gumminess showed strong correlation with contrast (0.503), correlation (−0.498), and homogeneity (0.401). Hardness also exhibited correlation with contrast (0.517), entropy (0.341), and correlation (−0.476). The pore ratio showed marked variation in crumb structure when different times and temperatures were used. Baking at 230°C for 7 min maximized the pore ratio (0.56). Penalty analysis revealed that oiliness, pore structure, and color of products were linked with baking time and temperature. Overall, the results suggested that the GLCM‐based technique had the potential to be used as a nondestructive method for rapid quality assessment of pogácsa.