bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute Exposure of Upcyte® Hepatocytes to Sub-lethal Concentrations of Graphene Oxide: Impairment of Phase-I Xenobiotic Metabolism and Albumin Transcription
Authors: Romaldini Alessio , Spanò Raffaele , Sabella Stefania 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundGraphene Oxide (GO) is a promising candidate for nanomedicine applications. Due to the central role of liver in biotransformation of xenobiotics and drugs, the impact of GO on hepatic functional cells represents a crucial evaluation step for its potential implementation as drug. Primary human hepatocytes (PHH) are the election model for studying drug toxicity and metabolism, however current technical limitations may slow down the large-scale diffusion of this cellular tool in in vitro investigations. To assess the potential hepatotoxicity of GO, in this study, we propose an alternative approach employing second-generation upcyte® hepatocytes as cell model, which show metabolic and functional profiles akin to PHH. Cells have been acutely exposed to increasing GO concentrations for 24 hours. Upon sub-lethal concentrations of GO, stress-related cell responses to GO (such as apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory response) have been evaluated, along with a broad investigation of GO impact on specialized hepatic functions.ResultsResults show an IC50 equal to 102.2 μg/mL, which is in line with recent data obtained by hepatocellular carcinoma-derived cells. However, at sub-lethal doses (≤ 80 μg/mL), it is detected a mild activation of early apoptosis, but not oxidative stress or inflammatory response. Importantly, we observed a clear impact of GO on phase-I drug metabolism enzymes (e.g., CYP3A4, CYP2C9) through the inhibition of gene expression and metabolic activity. Conversely, phase-II enzyme system and phase-III efflux transporters were not affected by GO. Finally, GO strongly downregulated the gene expression of Albumin.ConclusionThe presented model of upcyte® hepatocytes appears to be feasible for the assessment of hepatotoxicity of nanomaterials, specifically showing that sub-lethal doses of GO have a negative impact on the specialized hepatic functions of these cells. The impairment of cytochrome P450 system along with the alteration of Albumin gene expression by GO may suggest potential detrimental consequences for human health, as for instance, an altered detoxification from xenobiotics and drugs.
Whole Genome and Phenotypic Characterization of Novel QnrB19-positive Salmonella Nigeria serovars from Food Animals in Ilorin, North-central, Nigeria.
Authors: Raufu Ibrahim Adisa , Ahmed Olayiwola Akeem , Aremu Abdulfatai , Chen Jessica C , Ameh James A , Timme Ruth E , Hendriksen Rene S , Ambali AbdulGaniyu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Non-typhoidal Salmonella are major foodborne pathogens, posing serious challenges to public health and food safety worldwide. Salmonellosis in humans is commonly associated with the consumption of contaminated food, water, and direct contact with infected animals. This study aimed to characterize the distribution, diversity, virulence genotypes and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Nigeria, isolated from farm animals in north central Nigeria.Results: We recovered 9 different S. enterica ser. Nigeria isolates from our sampling, eight from pig and one from chicken. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing against 15 antimicrobial agents showed variable resistance profiles. Whole genome sequence (WGS) analysis revealed that all 9 isolates contained a single mutation parC (T57S) substitution in addition to qnrB19, expected to confer decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and tet(A) expected to confer resistance to tetracycline. Furthermore, two plasmid targets were also detected in all the strains, Col(pHAD28) and IncQ1. MLST analysis showed that all 9 isolates exhibited only one sequence type, (ST-4911) irrespective of the source of isolation. A SNP-based phylogeny indicates that the 9 isolates are highly related and lack other close relatives in the pathogen detection database.Forty core (housekeeping) and accessory virulence genes were identified from different virulence loci including Salmonella Pathogenicity Islands, virulence associated plasmids (pSV), chromosomes and fimbriae. Conclusion: This study provided valuable information on the resistance determinants, virulence genes, phenotypic resistance profiles, plasmids and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of Salmonella Nigeria from food animals by WGS. Highlighting the significance of poultry and pig to the spread and emergence of Salmonella Nigeria in this region of Nigeria, therefore, there is the need for consumer's education and enlightenments on the importance of proper handling and preparation of food, this will reduce the potential risk of transmission of this pathogen.
Pleomorphic Adenoma and Trauma: a Case Report With Rare Clinical Presentation
Authors: Morsy Basma , Moussa Eglal , Aly Nourhan , Omar Enas , Achy Samar El 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common benign salivary gland tumor. Many factors have been implicated in the etiology of PA, one of which is genetic alteration in PLAG1 and HMGA2 genes. Few cases were reported about PAs appearing in patients with history of trauma or denture wear.Case presentationA 73-year-old female patient presented to the clinic with a gradually increasing mass that appeared two months ago in the upper left labial vestibule. The patient reported wearing a maxillary complete denture for 15 years. Clinical examination revealed a typical denture fissuratum, so surgical excision was the treatment of choice. Upon excision, a fully encapsulated mass was exposed and sent for histological and immunohistochemical analyses that confirmed a final diagnosis of PA.ConclusionThis case suggests a contributory role for trauma in the development of PA, following DNA alterations or through oxidative stress resulting from Chronic Mechanical Irritation (CMI).
Clinical Investigation of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Exhibiting Initial Symptoms in the Maxilla and Mandible
Authors: Michi Yasuyuki , Harada Hiroyuki , Oikawa Yu , Okuyama Kohei , Kugumoto Takuma , Kuroshima Takeshi , Hirai Hideaki , Mochizuki Yumi , Simamoto Hiroaki , Tomioka Hirofumi , Kachi Hirokazu , Sakamoto Junichiro , Kayamaori Kou , Yoda Tetsuya 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDiffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of lymphatic tumor; however, extranodal DLBCLs that exhibit initial symptoms in the maxilla and mandible are rare. Moreover, DLBCL is clinically classified as a moderate to highly malignant lymphatic tumor that can progress rapidly; therefore, early diagnosis is crucial. However, diagnosis is difficult because the disease causes a diverse range of clinical symptoms with no characteristic imaging findings. We conducted a clinical investigation to clarify the clinical characteristics of DLBCL exhibiting initial manifestation in the maxilla and mandible.MethodsOf the 2748 patients with malignant tumors of the oral and maxillofacial region examined during a period of 11 years between January 2006 and December 2016 at our hospital, 27 primary cases diagnosed with DLBCL based on the chief complaint of symptoms in the gingiva and bone of the maxilla and mandible were enrolled. We evaluate on sex, age, whether treatment was provided by a previous physician, symptoms, disease period until seeking treatment, clinical diagnosis, laboratory findings, and imaging results.ResultsThere were 15 cases with maxilla involvement and 12 with mandible involvement. The median disease period until seeking of treatment was 60 d (3–450 d). All cases exhibited a tumor or a mass, and hypoesthesia of the chin was confirmed in 8 cases with mandible involvement. The clinical stage was stage I in 8 cases, stage II in 10 cases, and stage IV in 9 cases. Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were elevated in 13 of 22 patients. The overall survival rate was 63%.ConclusionThe possibility of Malignant Lymphomas (MLs), such as DLBCL, must be considered while treating lesions of the oral and maxillofacial region.
Fe3O4@polydopamine Nanoparticle-Labeled Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Arrest Intervertebral Disc Degeneration by Enhancing Cell Migration
Authors: Zhang Meng , Zhang Butain , Li Ran , Liu Te , Zhang Jun , Wang Ying , Zhang Fuqiang , Mu Xupeng , Jiang Jinlan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Cell therapies for intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) are intended to replace lost intervertebral disc (IVD) cells. The key to this treatment is to promote the migration of transplanted cells to the lesion site. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the repair effect of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) labeled with Fe3O4@polydopamine nanoparticles (Fe3O4@PDA NPs) on rat caudal vertebra disc degeneration. We characterized UCMSCs labeled with Fe3O4@PDA NPs, analyzed the effects of nanoparticles on UCMSCs and evaluated UCMSCs labeled with Fe3O4@PDA NPs to repair IDD in vivo. We found that UCMSC Fe3O4@PDA NPs could enhanced the migration of UCMSCs by up-regulating the expression of CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) without effecting UCMSC functionality and the Fe3O4@PDA NPs-labeled UCMSC group had better disc height, better tissue morphology performance and a higher number of transplanted cells and induced notably better regeneration of IVD, evidenced by the higher expression of aggrecan, type II collagen, and Sox-9 and lower expression of Mmp-13, Tnf-α and Il-1β at both mRNA and protein levels than the unlabeled group. We demonstrated systemic delivery of UCMSCs labeled with Fe3O4@PDA NPs could be an appropriate protocol for accelerating and optimizing clinically applicable UCMSC treatment for IDD.
Fluctuations in Food and Fluid Intake During a 24-h World Championship: Analysis of the Deviation From Nutritional Programs
Authors: CHARLOT Keyne , Lavoué Chloé , Siracusa Julien , Chalchat Emeric , Hertert Pierre , Bourrilhon Cyprien 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundA food and fluid intake program is essential for ultra-endurance athletes to maximize performance and avoid possible gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS). However, the ability to respect such a program during a race has been under-assessed. We thus investigated the kinetics of food and fluid intake during the 24-h run World Championship of 12 elite athletes (6 men and 6 women; age: 46 ± 7 years, height: 170 ± 9 cm, weight: 61.1 ± 9.6 kg, total distance run: 193–272 km) and assessed their ability to follow their nutritional program.MethodsReal-time overall intake (fluids, energy, and macronutrients) were recorded and compared to that of their program. The temporal difference in absolute values and degree of divergence from their program were assessed divided into four 6-h periods. GIS were recorded during the race. A questionnaire identifying the details of their nutritional program and the self-assessed causes of their inability to follow it was completed by the participants. ResultsWater, total fluid, carbohydrate (CHO), and energy intake decreased during the last quarter of the 24-h ultramarathon relative to the first half (p < 0.031). However, the differences were no longer significant after these values were normalized by the number of passages in front of the supply tent. The participants increasingly diverged from their nutritional program (dropping to approximately 50% of their expected fluid, CHO, and energy intake during the last quarter) but this was adequately compensated with unplanned foods to match their expected targets. GIS, lack of appeal of the planned items, and attractivity of unplanned items were the main explanations given for their deviation from the program (64, 27, and 27%, respectively). ConclusionDespite evident difficulty in respecting their nutritional programs (mostly attributed to GIS), elite ultra-endurance runners managed to maintain high rates of fluid and food intake during a 24-h ultramarathon and therefore still met their planned elevated nutritional objectives.
Alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe: a large-scale cross-sectional study in 21 countries (preprint)
Authors: Kilian Carolin , Rehm Jürgen , Allebeck Peter , Braddick Fleur , Gual Antoni , Barták Miroslav , Bloomfield Kim , Gil Artyom , Neufeld Maria , O'Donnell Amy , Petruželka Benjamin , Rogalewicz Vladimir , Schulte Bernd , Manthey Jakob , COVID-19 with the European Study Group on Alcohol Use and 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Aims: The aim of this project was to investigate changes in alcohol consumption during the first months of the pandemic in Europe as well as its associations with income and experiences of distress related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Design: Cross-sectional online survey conducted between April 24 and July 22 of 2020. Setting: 21 European countries. Participants: 31,964 adults reporting past-year drinking. Measurements: Changes in alcohol consumption were measured by asking respondents about changes during the previous month in their drinking frequency, the quantity they consumed, and incidence of heavy episodic drinking events. Individual indicators were combined into an aggregated consumption-change score and scaled to a possible range: -1 to +1. Using this score as outcome, multilevel linear regressions tested changes in overall drinking, taking into account sampling weights and baseline alcohol consumption (AUDIT-C) and country of residence serving as random intercept. Similar models were conducted for each single consumption-change indicator. Findings: In almost all countries, the consumption-change score indicated alcohol use to decrease on average; except in Ireland and the UK, where alcohol consumption on average remained unchanged or increased, respectively. Decreases in drinking were mostly driven by a reduced frequency of heavy episodic drinking. Declines in consumption were less marked among those with low- or average incomes, and those experiencing distress. Conclusions: Our research suggests alcohol consumption to decline on average during the first months of the pandemic in Europe. The findings suggest both reduced availability of alcohol and increased distress may have affected alcohol consumption, although the former seemed to have a greater impact, at least in terms of immediate effects. Monitoring of mid- and long-term consequences will be crucial in understanding how this public health crisis impacts alcohol consumption.
Scientometric analysis of COVID-19 studies: how the velocity of science leads to discoveries and new technology
Authors: Coccia Mario 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Scholars argue that the ‘‘science of science’’ studies have to investigate the critical role of exogenous events in the emergence of new research fields. The goal of this study is to analyze and explain the birth and growth of new research fields driven by exogenous event to science, such as COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) global pandemic crisis. This study here analyzes how the novel research field of COVID-19 emerges, in a comparative analysis with other scientific fields concerning respiratory illnesses (e.g., Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, COPD and Lung Cancer), to explain factors determining the unique dynamics of science that is generating scientific breakthroughs in a short period of time. The origin and evolution of the research field of COVID-19 reveal that has an acceleration of scientific production equal to a growth of 1.71% daily in 2020, laying the foundations for science advances and a likely paradigm shift in the treatment of infectious diseases with novel mRNA vaccines. Main results are generalized in properties that clarify the dynamics of science and explain the characteristics that generate the origin and evolution of new research fields driven by unforeseen crises with critical implications for technological and social change directed scientific progress of human societies.
Leptin G-2548A Gene Polymorphism is Positively Associated with Increased Plasma Leptin and Glucose Levels in Obese Saudi Patients Irrespective Status of Blood Pressure&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Authors: Dahman Lotfi S. Bin , Al-Daghri Nasser M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The association between LEP G-2548A gene polymorphism with increased plasma leptin and glucose levels and blood pressure in a sample of obese Saudi patients has been evaluated. This is a cross-sectional study involved 206 Saudi adult subjects (94 males and 112 females), randomly selected from the primary health care centers, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The study sample was categorized into three groups: 50 normotensive ND controls (age: 47.9±5.4 yr.; BMI 22.9±2.1 Kg/m2), 80 obese normotensive ND (age: 47.7±6.0 yr.; BMI 34.1±4.2 Kg/m2) and 76 obese hypertensives with T2D patients (age: 49.4±5.9 yr.; BMI: 35.1±4.7 Kg/m2). A blood sample was collected from the participants for PCR-RFLP, chemical autoanalyzer Konelab, and Luminex instruments. Analyses of LEP G-2548A gene polymorphism were determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) with 2U of HhaI restriction enzyme. Plasma leptin and insulin levels were measured using the Luminex instrument. Fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured using a chemical autoanalyzer Konelab machine. Also, blood pressure and anthropometric data were measured. The association analysis with metabolic parameters showed that homozygous AA of the LEP gene had significantly higher plasma glucose levels and HOMA-IR compared with homozygous GG (6.8±0.55 vs. 5.8±0.30; p< 0.04; 4.1±0.84 vs. 2.6±0.67; p=0.03) respectively. Besides, heterozygous GA had significantly higher plasma leptin levels compared with homozygous GG (40.0±2.6 vs. 29.6±2.6; P= 0.04). GA, AA, GA+AA genotypes of the LEP G-2548A gene polymorphism are more prevalent among individuals with hyperglycemia (OR= 3.7, 95% CI= 1.6 to 8.4, P= 0.001; OR= 3.2, 95% CI= 1.2 to 8.6, P= 0.03; OR= 3.5, 95%CI= 1.6 to 7.7, P= 0.001) respectively. A allele of the LEP gene is more prevalent among subjects with hyperglycemia (OR= 1.9, 95%CI= 1.2 to 3.0, P=0.006). G-2548A variant of the LEP gene may not be considered as a genetic risk factor for hypertension in Saudi obese patients. However, the genotypes (GA and AA) and -2548AA allele of this gene may represent important risk factors predisposing healthy subjects to develop T2DM irrespective of the status of blood pressure.
Insecticide susceptibility status of Anopheles culicifacies to bendiocarb and deltamethrin in a sub-district of Chhattisgarh state, India
Authors: Swain Dipak K , Chourasia Mehul K , Bhatt Rajendra M , Nag Chaynika , A Sakthivel , Anjaneyulu M. , Uragayala Sreehari , Donnelly Martin J , Raghavendra Kamaraju 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective: This study assessed the susceptibility status of the malaria vector Anopheles culicifacies within the Keshkal sub-district, Chhattisgarh, India. Anopheles culicifacies were collected in 23 sub-centres (~2000-3000 inhabitants/ sub-centre) of Keshkal sub-district in 2013- 2014. Adult female An. culicifacies were exposed to the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended diagnostic doses of deltamethrin (0.05%) and bendiocarb (0.1%) for one hour. Mortality was recorded after 24 hours and interpreted with respect to WHO criteria. Results: Mosquito collections from only three of 23 clusters were scored as susceptible to deltamethrin, and all clusters except one were recorded as resistant to bendiocarb. The observation to a high frequency of resistance to the carbamate, bendiocarb, is unexpected as carbamates are not used in the study area in public health.
Growth hormone induces mitotic catastrophe of podocytes and contributes to proteinuria
Authors: Pasupulati Anil Kumar , Nishad Rajkishor , Mukhi Dhanunjay , Singh Ashish , Motrapu Manga , Chintala Kumaraswamy , Tammineni Prasad 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Glomerular podocytes are integral members of the glomerular filtration barrier in the kidney and are crucial for glomerular permselectivity. These highly differentiated cells are vulnerable to an array of noxious stimuli that prevail in several glomerular diseases. Elevated circulating growth hormone (GH) levels are associated with podocyte injury and proteinuria in diabetes. However, the precise mechanism(s) by which excess GH elicits podocytopathy remains to be elucidated. Previous studies have shown that podocytes express GH receptor (GHR) and induce Notch signalling when exposed to GH. In the present study, we demonstrate that GH induces TGF-β1 signalling and provokes cell cycle re-entry of otherwise quiescent podocytes. Though differentiated podocytes re-enter the cell cycle in response to GH and TGF-β1, they cannot accomplish cytokinesis, despite karyokinesis. Owing to this aberrant cell-cycle event, GH or TGF-β1 treated cells remain binucleated and undergo mitotic catastrophe. Importantly, inhibition of JAK2, TGFBR1, or Notch prevented cell cycle re-entry of podocytes and protected from mitotic catastrophe associated cell death. Inhibition of Notch ac-tivation prevents GH-dependent podocyte injury and proteinuria. Similarly, attenuation of GHR expression abated Notch activation in podocytes. Kidney biopsy sections from patients with diabetic nephropathy show activation of Notch signalling and bi-nucleated podocytes. These data indicate that excess GH induced TGF-β1 dependent Notch1 signalling contributes to the mitotic catastrophe of podocytes. This study highlights the role of aberrant GH signalling in podocytopathy and the potential application of TGF-β1 or Notch inhibitors as a therapeutic agent for diabetic nephropathy.
Childbirth simulation to assess cephalopelvic dystocia and chances for failed labor
Authors: Ami Olivier , Maran Jean Christophe , Cohen Albert , Hendler Israel , Zabukovec Eric , Boyer Louis 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectives: Reducing the rate of failed labor and emergency caesarean section is of vital significance. A childbirth simulation software tool based on 5 minutes’ magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed at 37 weeks’ gestation, used to enhance the consulting obstetrician’s ability to predict the optimal delivery mode. Here, we aimed to analyze the predictive ability of this childbirth simulation software tool for choosing the optimal delivery mode compared with not using it.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed on 401 patients referred by their obstetrician for MRI pelvimetry at approximately 37 weeks of gestation between December 15, 2015 and December 15, 2016. We employed a childbirth simulation software to predict the optimal delivery mode. Those results were compared with results from the actual delivery mode.
Results: The rate of emergency caesarean sections, inappropriately scheduled caesarean sections, and instrumental vaginal deliveries would have been reduced by 30·1%, 20·7%, and 20%, respectively, had the predictions from the childbirth simulation software been considered. The use of the childbirth simulation software did not significantly affect the overall caesarean section rate, but it improved the allocation between scheduled and emergency caesarean sections.
Conclusions: The routine use of the childbirth simulation software as a clinical support tool for choosing the optimal delivery mode of singleton pregnancies with a cephalic presentation could reduce the number of emergency caesarean sections, insufficiently justified Caesarean sections, and instrumental deliveries.