bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ВИВЧЕННЯ АГЛІКОНІВ ФЛАВОНОЇДІВ СУХОГО ЕКСТРАКТУ ЛИСТЯ ШОВКОВИЦІ БІЛОЇ МЕТОДОМ ВИСОКОЕФЕКТИВНОЇ РІДИННОЇ ХРОМАТОГРАФІЇ
Authors: Vronska L. V. 
Published: February 2021

Вступ. Флавоноїди шовковиці білої представлені різними глікозидами, що ускладнює стандартизацію за їх вмістом як сировини, так і її екстрактів. Зважаючи на різноманітність глікозидних форм флавоноїдів, присутність інших речовин фенольної природи, які за аналітико-функціональними властивостями подібні до флавоноїдів, спектрофотометричне визначення останніх є утрудненим.
Мета дослідження – вивчити склад і вміст агліконів флавоноїдів у сухому екстракті листя шовковиці білої.
Методи дослідження. Сухий екстракт листя шовковиці білої отримували із сировини вітчизняного походження методом дробної мацерації; екстрагент – етанол (80–60 %, об/об); екстракційне співвідношення сировина:екстрагент – 1:9–15, кратність екстрагування – 5, час одного екстрагування – 24 год. У дослідженні застосовували: роторний випарювач Laborota 4011 (Heidolph Instruments GmbH & Co. KG, Німеччина), сушильну шафу СП-100 (UOSLAB, Україна), аналітичну вагу Mettler Toledo XP205DR (Mettler Toledo, Швейцарія), ультразвукову баню Bandelin Sanorex digitec (BANDELIN electronic GmbH & Co. KG, Німеччина), рідинний хроматограф Agilent 1200 із детектором G1315D DAD Detector (“Agilent”, США), хроматографічну колонку Kromasil 100 C18 (0,125 м × 4,6 мм, 5 мкм, Supelko, США), стандарти агліконів (Sigma-Aldrich), хімічні реактиви аналітичної чистоти і розчинники для градієнтного елюювання (Sigma-Aldrich, Macron Fine Chemicals™).
Результати й обговорення. Аглікони флавоноїдів отримували шляхом кислотного гідролізу наважки сухого екстракту впродовж 2 год. Одержані аглікони вилучали шляхом вичерпної екстракції етилацетатом; відганяли розчинник, а сухий залишок, який містив досліджувані аглікони, розчиняли в метанолі, готуючи випробовувані розчини для ВЕРХ-вивчення. На хроматограмах випробовуваних розчинів спостерігали появу низки піків, три з яких відповідали мірицетину, кверцетину і кемпферолу. Отже, флавоноїди сухого екстракту листя шовковиці білої представлені глікозидами вказаних трьох флавонолів. Дані щодо наявності кверцетину і кемпферолу збігаються з даними досліджень інших авторів.
Висновки. Досліджено склад агліконів флавоноїдів сухого екстракту листя шовковиці білої. Встановлено, що вони представлені флавонолами: кверцетином, кемпферолом і мірицетином. Знайдено 0,20 % кверцетину, 0,14 % кемпферолу і слідові кількості мірицетину – 0,003 %. Отримані дані можна використати для розроблення методики стандартизації сухого екстракту листя шовковиці білої за показником “Кількісне визначення”.
ВИВЧЕННЯ АМІНОКИСЛОТНОГО СКЛАДУ ЗБОРУ ЛІКАРСЬКИХ РОСЛИН З АНТИДІАБЕТИЧНОЮ АКТИВНІСТЮ
Authors: Savych A. O. , Marchyshyn S. M. , Lemishkа T. I. 
Published: February 2021

Вступ. Цукровий діабет є однією з пріоритетних проблем ВООЗ, які вимагають негайного вирішення, оскільки епідеміологічна ситуація набуває тривожних масштабів – кількість хворих щороку стрімко зростає, що призводить до збільшення інвалідизації та смертності населення через розвиток мікро- і макроангіопатії. З метою вирішення цієї проблеми варто здійснювати оптимізацію існуючої фармакотерапії, зокрема за допомогою фітозборів, що зможуть впливати на різні ланки патогенетичного механізму розвитку даного захворювання та його ускладнень завдяки широкому спектру біологічно активних речовин. У цьому відношенні особливої уваги заслуговують амінокислоти, оскільки відіграють ключову роль у численних обмінних процесах.
Мета дослідження – вивчити якісний склад і встановити кількісний вміст амінокислот у антидіабетичному рослинному зборі, обґрунтувати їх ефективність для лікування та профілактики цукрового діабету.
Методи дослідження. Якісний склад та кількісний вміст амінокислот визначали методом газової хромато-мас-спектрометрії.
Результати й обговорення. Під час дослідження було ідентифіковано 8 вільних амінокислот – аланін, гліцин, валін, треонін, ізолейцин, пролін, аспарагінову кислоту, фенілаланін та 12 зв’язаних – аланін, гліцин, валін, лейцин, треонін, ізолейцин, пролін, аспарагінову і глутамінову кислоти, фенілаланін, лізин, тирозин. Встановлено, що досліджуваний рослинний збір у найбільшій кількості містив лейцин (11,92 мг/г) у зв’язаній формі, а також пролін у вільному та зв’язаному стані (7,67 і 11,10 мг/г відповідно).
Висновки. Результати хроматографічного дослідження свідчать про достатній вміст амінокислот, зокрема незамінних, що мають здатність стимулювати секрецію інсуліну, знижувати гіперглікемію та регулювати метаболічні процеси у хворих на цукровий діабет. У рослинному антидіабетичному зборі переважав такий амінокислотний компонент, як лейцин, есенціальна амінокислота з найбільш вираженою інсуліновою секретолітичною активністю.
Promotion of Arterial Stiffness by Childhood Cancer and Its Characteristics in Adult Long‐Term Survivors
Authors: Arnold Natalie , Merzenich Hiltrud , Wingerter Arthur , Schulz Andreas , Schneider Astrid , Prochaska Jürgen H. , Göbel Sebastian , Neu Marie A. , Henninger Nicole , Panova‐Noeva Marina , Eckerle Susan , Spix Claudia , Schmidtmann Irene , Lackner Karl J. , Beutel Manfred E. , Pfeiffer Norbert , Münzel Thomas , Faber Jörg , Wild Philipp S. 
Published: February 2021

Background
Vascular alterations induced by antineoplastic treatment might be considered as a possible underlying mechanism of increased cardiovascular sequelae in childhood cancer survivors (CCSs). We aimed to evaluate arterial stiffness among long‐term CCSs and to compare the data against a population‐based sample.

Methods and Results
Arterial stiffness was assessed by digital photoplethysmography (stiffness index; m/s) among 1002 participants of the CVSS (Cardiac and Vascular Late Sequelae in Long‐Term Survivors of Childhood Cancer) study, diagnosed with neoplasia (1980–1990) before an age of 15 years. A population‐based sample from the GHS (Gutenberg Health Study) (n=5252) was investigated for comparison. All subjects underwent a comprehensive, standardized clinical examination in the same study center. CCSs had higher stiffness index (β=0.66 m/s; 95% CI, 0.51–0.80 m/s) in multivariable linear regression analysis after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors compared with the population sample of comparable age range. Stiffer vessels were found among CCSs also in absence of arterial hypertension (β=0.66; 95% CI, 0.50–0.81) or history of chemotherapy/radiotherapy (β=0.56; 95% CI, 0.16–0.96) in fully adjusted models. Moreover, stiffness index differed by tumor entity, with highest values in bone and renal tumors. Almost 5.2‐fold higher prevalence of stiffness index values exceeding age‐specific, population‐based reference limits was observed among CCSs compared with GHS participants.

Conclusions
This is the first study demonstrating increased arterial stiffness among long‐term CCSs. The data suggest that vascular compliance might differ in survivors of childhood cancer from the established development concept for arterial stiffness in the population; cancer growth and antineoplastic treatment might be relevant determinants of the pathobiological features.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02181049.
Measuring Style in Isaiah: Isaiah 34–35 and the Tiberias Stylistic Classifier for the Hebrew Bible
Authors: Berman Joshua 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Scholars routinely discern the diachronic development of the book of Isaiah with a discreet focus on vocabulary, phrases, themes, and motifs. All but absent from consideration are the distribution and recurrence of grammatical, morphological, and syntactic features within the text. This study serves as a proof-of concept for the linguistic analysis of such features now available with the launch of the Tiberias Stylistic Classifier for the Hebrew Bible (https://tiberias.dicta.org.il/#/). Measuring and weighing the linguistic features of Isa 1–33 and Isa 40–55, the study brings to light the morphological and syntactic features most characteristic of each text corpus. The study also demonstrates that chs. 34 and 35 of Isaiah are much closer in morphology and syntax to chs. 1–33 than they are to chs. 40–55. The implications of these findings are examined in consideration of the scholarly debate concerning the provenance of these two chapters.
Gift-giving in Byzantine Diplomacy
Authors: Kustermans Jorg 
Published: February 2021

Summary
Gift exchange was an integral and crucial part of Byzantine diplomacy. The practice of Byzantine gift-giving varied with diplomatic context. The main division is that between Byzantine diplomacy with Muslim rulers and Byzantine diplomacy with (Christian) rulers to the North and West. While the former happened on a more egalitarian footing, the latter was structured in more explicitly hierarchical terms. This difference was reflected in the practice of gift exchange: in who participated, how they comported themselves and the nature of the objects being exchanged. Even so, in both contexts, the function of diplomatic gift-giving was to claim and justify authority, be that the authority of the One (Byzantine Emperor) over the Many (Christian rulers, people of the Roman lands), or the authority of the Few (Byzantine Emperor and Muslim Caliph) over the Many (their respective subordinates).
Diplomacy’s Paradox in the Law of State Awards
Authors: Nishikawa-Pacher Andreas 
Published: February 2021

Summary
Diplomatic gifts are deeply paradoxical: they signal ‘peace’ between polities constituted by ‘power’ (peace-and-power paradox); they are exchanged between rulers of contiguous territories so as to momentarily signal a merger of separate entities (paradox of overlapping sovereignties). This essay uses a systems-theoretical approach to uncover this paradox in national laws of state awards. The analysis culminates in a conjectural legal norm prohibiting states to use diplomatic gifts or, to the extreme, a paradoxical norm containing the self-negation and self-prohibition of diplomacy. The essay finally discusses how the peace-and-power paradox and its invisibilisation permeates the whole system of diplomacy.
Ceremonial or Convivial Gifts: Two Forms of Gift-Giving in Contemporary Chinese Diplomacy
Authors: Ceulemans Eline 
Published: February 2021

Summary
This essay presents the findings of empirical research on gift exchange in contemporary Chinese diplomacy (2003-2019). Two patterns emerged that can be structurally explained by the type of relationship in which the diplomatic practice is mobilised: ceremonial gift exchange in more hierarchical relations and convivial gift exchange in more egalitarian relations. Additionally, this case study allows us to observe the impact of the ‘mediatisation and societisation of diplomacy’ on what is — presumably — a universal, transhistorical practice.
مفهوم التقوى والمنظومة الأخلاقية القرآنية: البنية والسياق
Authors: Helli (عبد الرحمن حللي) Abdulrahman 
Published: February 2021

الخلاصة
تدرس هذه المقالة “التقوى” كمفهوم أخلاقي مركزي في القرآن، ارتبطت به الأحكام العملية والمفهومات الأخلاقية الأخرى، وقد توزعت الدراسة على محورين، الأول دراسة لغوية للدلالة المعجمية لجذر المفهوم واشتقاقاته، واستعمالاته تاريخياً. والمحور الثاني دراسة سياقية دلالية تستقرئ الاستخدام القرآني لمفهوم “التقوى”، فتصف وتؤرخ حضوره في النص القرآني، مع مقارنة ذلك بفهم المفسرين لمعنى “التقوى” في الآيات. وتنتهي الدراسة إلى ضبط بؤرة المعنى اللغوي، والتي تربط “التقوى” بحصانة أخلاقية تجعل الإنسان على بصيرة تجنبه من الوقوع في الشر، مع أمل مؤكد بفلاح دنيوي ونجاة أخرو ية. فالتقوى حسب القرآن ملَكَةٌ تكوينية (من إلهام الله) في نفس الإنسان مشتركة بين جميع الخلق، سابقة على الوحي والتشريع، وهي معيار تفاضل الناس حتى بعد اكتمال التشريع، وجعلها القرآن جوهر التشريع وغاية التكليف. يبرز المقال أن مفهوم “التقوى” في القرآن يعبر عن الضمير الأخلاقي الفطري لدى الإنسان‫.‬
Semantyka leksemu „piołun” w niefikcjonalnych narracjach o katastrofie czarnobylskiej
Authors: Gieba Kamila 
Published: February 2021

The Semantics of Wormwood in Non-Fictional Narratives about the Chernobyl DisasterThis article concerns the semantics of wormwood in the context of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster. The study considers non-fictional narratives about this catastrophe from an ethnolinguistic and ethnobotanical perspective. The situational semantics of wormwood draws on the symbolism of this plant established in East Slavic folk culture and in the biblical tradition. In non-fictional narratives, however, this meaning is transformed (e.g. by limiting the semantic field) and interpreted in the context of apocalyptic prophecy. Semantyka leksemu piołun w niefikcjonalnych narracjach o katastrofie czarnobylskiejArtykuł dotyczy semantyki leksemu piołun w kontekście katastrofy w elektrowni atomowej w Czarnobylu. Materiałem badawczym są niefikcjonalne narracje o tej katastrofie, a zastosowane perspektywy badawcze wyznacza etnolingwistyka i etnobotanika. Sytuacyjne znaczenie leksemu piołun czerpie z symboliki tej rośliny utrwalonej we wschodniosłowiańskiej kulturze ludowej oraz w tradycji biblijnej. W badanych tekstach znaczenie to jest jednak przekształcane (m.in. przez ograniczenie pola semantycznego), a tym samym interpretowane w kontekście apokaliptycznego proroctwa.
Influence of the Distortion of Vertical Wavenumber Spectra on Estimates of Turbulent Dissipation using the Finescale Parameterization: Eikonal Calculations
Authors: TAKAHASHI ANNE , HIBIYA TOSHIYUKI , NAVEIRA GARABATO ALBERTO C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe finescale parameterization, formulated on the basis of a weak nonlinear wave–wave interaction theory, is widely used to estimate the turbulent dissipation rate, ε. However, this parameterization has previously been found to overestimate ε in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) region. One possible reason for this overestimation is that vertical wavenumber spectra of internal wave energy are distorted from the canonical Garrett-Munk spectrum and have a spectral “hump” at low vertical wavenumbers. Such distorted vertical wavenumber spectra were also observed in other mesoscale eddy-rich regions. In this study, using eikonal simulations, in which internal wave energy cascades are evaluated in the frequency-wavenumber space, we examine how the distortion of vertical wavenumber spectra impacts on the accuracy of the finescale parameterization. It is shown that the finescale parameterization overestimates ε for distorted spectra with a low-vertical-wavenumber hump because it incorrectly takes into account the breaking of these low-vertical-wavenumber internal waves. This issue is exacerbated by estimating internal wave energy spectral levels from the low-wavenumber band rather than from the high-wavenumber band, which is often contaminated by noise in observations. Thus, in order to accurately estimate the distribution of ε in eddy-rich regions like the ACC, high-vertical-wavenumber spectral information free from noise contamination is indispensable.
Modifications to the K-Profile Parameterization with Nondiffusive Fluxes for Langmuir Turbulence
Authors: Chor Tomas , McWilliams James C. , Chamecki Marcelo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe K-profile parameterization (KPP) is a common method to model turbulent fluxes in regional and global oceanic models. Many versions of KPP exist in the oceanic sciences community, and one of their main differences is how they take the effects of nonbreaking waves into account. Although there is qualitative consensus that nonbreaking waves enhance vertical mixing due to the ensuing Langmuir circulations, there is no consensus on the quantitative aspects and modeling approach. In this paper we use a recently developed method to estimate both components of KPP (the diffusive term, usually called local, and the nondiffusive component, usually called nonlocal) based on numerically simulated turbulent fluxes without any a priori assumptions about their scaling or their shape. Through this method we show that the cubic shape usually used in KPP is not optimal for wavy situations and propose new ones. Furthermore, we show that the formulation for the nondiffusive fluxes, which currently only depend on the presence of surface buoyancy fluxes, should also take wave effects into account. We also investigate how the application of these changes to KPP improves the representation of turbulent fluxes in a diagnostic approach when compared with previous models.
Impact of COVID-19 on Market Risk: Appraisal with Value-at-risk Models
Authors: Das Nupur Moni , Rout Bhabani Sankar 
Published: February 2021

COVID-19 has traumatised the whole world in every aspect ranging from normal day-to-day activities to complete halt of the economies. This piece of work attempted to examine the response of the stock markets to the outbreak of COVID-9 by considering stock indices of five leading countries and comparing the risk with other periods of crisis viz. global financial crisis of 2007-2008 and stock market fluctuation in 1992. Both negative and positive fluctuation are examined, however special emphasis is placed on downside risk. The risk is measured using Value-at-Risk models with different distributional assumptions. The main observation of the study points towards gravity of this deadly virus as the volatility in the stock markets of all the countries is higher even compared to the global crisis of 2008 except China which is quite absurd. On the other hand, global markets are found to be highly correlated in the COVID-19 period. However, investors are also found to be reacting positively when favourable news is transmitted. The findings of this paper will help the investors in understanding the short-run dynamics of the stock markets and use such information in future for investment in similar circumstances. Jel Classification: G01, G15, I15, G17, G28
Ultrasound-Guided Laser Ablation After Excisional Vacuum-Assisted Breast Biopsy for Small Malignant Breast Lesions: Preliminary Results
Authors: Perretta Tommaso , Meucci Rosaria , Pistolese Chiara Adriana , Manenti Guglielmo , Stefano Carla Di , Vanni Gianluca , Anemona Lucia , Ferrari Donatella , Lamacchia Feliciana , De Stasio Vincenzo , Buonomo Oreste Claudio 
Published: February 2021

Background: The purpose of this preliminary study is to evaluate the feasibility of the excisional ultrasound (US) guided vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VAE), followed by US-guided Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy (LITT) in the treatment of unifocal ductal breast carcinomas ≤ 1 cm and estimate the ablation rate analyzing the final histopathological results after subsequent surgical excision. Methods: In a single session 11 female patients with unifocal less than a centimeter breast cancer underwent 2 different minimally invasive percutaneous US-guided techniques: a VAE breast biopsy with an 8 G needle to remove the lesion and, immediately after, a LITT ablation in the biopsy site. Four weeks later, all patients underwent radiological follow-up. Afterward, a systematic surgery was performed, the ablation rate was calculated, and iconographic and histological features were correlated. Results: Average maximum diameter of the lesions was 7.6 mm (5-10 mm). No patient reported pain or discomfort during procedure. 1/11 patient (9.1%) reported an early minor complication (a small superficial skin burn). After surgical excision, the histopathological evaluation reported in 10/11 cases (90.9%) complete ablation of the target lesion. In only one case (9.1%) residual cancer was detected. The necrotic-hemorrhagic cavities showed a mean maximum diameter of 27.3 mm (20-35 mm). Conclusions: Laser ablation performed after excisional biopsy could be considered a valid alternative to surgical excision for the treatment of lesions ≤ 1 cm, if carried out by expert radiologists. The association of these minimally invasive percutaneous methods has proven to be reliable, fast, and safe with an ablation rate of 90.9% and excellent aesthetic results. RM and CESM are potentially able to quantifying treatment results and to follow-up the ablation effects.
Subaxial Cervical Pedicular Screw Insertion via the Nonanatomic Axis: Identification of Entry Point and Trajectory Based on a Radiographic Study and Workshop
Authors: Wang Yingbo , Hu Bo , Wu Jian , Chen Wei , Wang Zhong , Zhu Jun , Fan Weili , Liu Mingyong , Zhao Jianhua , Liu Peng 
Published: February 2021

Study Design: A radiological study and workshop. Objective: To propose a novel technique for subaxial cervical pedicle screw (CPS) insertion via the nonanatomic axis (nAA) and identify a new entry point (EP) and trajectory based on a radiological study. Methods: The new EP was determined to be the center of the upper half of the lateral mass, and the nAA was defined as the line connecting the EP and center of the pedicle. CT images of 493 subaxial cervical pedicles from 51 adults were utilized. The pedicle axis length (PAL/nPAL), pedicle transverse angle (PTA/nPTA), sagittal and transverse pedicle screw depth ratio (S-DO, T-DO), and sagittal and transverse angles (S-angle, T-angle) were measured in the anatomical axis (AA) and nAA. nAA-CPS insertions were conducted on dry specimens, and the positions of the screws were graded. Results: The nPTA (22.35° ± 1.57°), nPAL (23.75 ± 2.07 mm), T-DO (45.61% ± 3.10%), and S-DO (70.46% ± 4.44%) of the nAA-CPS were significantly different from the PTA (41.86° ± 2.77°), PAL (31.98 ± 2.40 mm), T-DO and S-DO of the AA-CPS (both 100% in ideal conditions), respectively ( P < .05). The T-angle and S-angle were 92.78° ± 3.07° and 92.18° ± 3.78°, respectively. A constant EP and consistent trajectory of the nAA-CPS identified by 2 perpendicular angles were summarized and utilized as the manipulation protocols of the workshop, and a perfect position was achieved in 80.00% (24/30) of screws. Conclusion: The nAA-CPS is a novel alternative to the classic CPS technique. A constant entry point and 2 perpendicular angles in the sagittal and transverse planes for identifying the trajectory of the nAA-CPS should be taken into account in the establishment of a manipulation protocol.
Synthesis and accumulation of amylase-trypsin inhibitors and changes in carbohydrate profile during grain development of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Call Lisa , Haider Elisabeth , D’Amico Stefano , Reiter Elisabeth , Grausgruber Heinrich 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Recent studies indicate that amylase-trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) and certain carbohydrates referred to as FODMAPs (fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides and polyols) play an important role in promoting wheat sensitivity. Hitherto, no study has investigated the accumulation of ATIs during the development of the wheat caryopsis. We collected caryopses of common wheat cv. ‘Arnold’ at eight different grain developmental stages to study compositional changes in ATI and FODMAP content.

Results
The harvested caryopses were analysed for their size, protein and carbohydrate concentrations. ATIs were further characterized by MALDI-TOF MS, and their trypsin inhibition was evaluated by an enzymatic assay. The results showed that ATI accumulation started about 1 week after anthesis and subsequently increased steadily until physiological maturity. However, the biological activity of ATIs in terms of enzyme inhibition was not detectable before about 4 weeks after anthesis. Carbohydrate analysis revealed the abundance of short-chain fructans in early stages of grain development, whereas non-water-soluble carbohydrates increased during later developmental stages.

Conclusions
The results provide new insights into the complex metabolisms during grain filling and maturation, with particular emphasis on the ATI content as well as the inhibitory potential towards trypsin. The time lag between ATI accumulation and development of their biological activity is possibly attributed to the assembling of ATIs to dimers and tetramers, which seems to be crucial for their inhibitory potential.