bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural Radioactivity Evaluation of Local Soil used as Building Materials in Xinchang Section of Beishan Pre-selected Area, Northwest China
Authors: Shi Chenhao , Chen Liang , Wang Yunyan , Chai Liyuan , Qiu Guohua 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
To investigate the radiation background level of jijicao block and rock mass around Xinchang section in the pre-selected area of Beishan, northwest China, the relevant soil samples and data have been obtained, and the natural radioactivity of the soil samples has been measured by gamma-ray spectroscopy with hyper-pure germanium detector. The mean activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in soil samples are determined as 23.72 (from 11.2 to 48.6 Bq.kg-1), 28.72 (from 11.9 to 33.0 Bq.kg-1) and 612.93 Bq.kg-1 (from 244.0 to 907.0 Bq.kg-1), respectively, which are all lower than the Jiuquan background values, among which the concentration of 40K is higher than UNSCEAR 2008 and Beishan background value. The calculated data of radium equivalent, representative level index, external standard, internal standard, and annual effective dose are less than the recommended limits. Therefore, it can be concluded that the building being constructed of the materials is safe for the inhabitants. The findings from this research will be useful to assess the radiation hazards of building materials in humans. It is valuable for the environmental impact assessment of the underground research laboratory of high-level radioactive waste and the assessment of the hazard of radioactive building materials to human body.
Research on Advanced Available Techniques of Air pollution Prevention and Control in Building Ceramics Industry in China
Authors: Su H , Li H M , Wang X C , Wang Z S , Tan Y F 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The flue gas emission of the building ceramics industry accounts for 85% of the whole ceramic industry in China, and it is the critical sector of air pollution control in the ceramic industry. The advanced available techniques (AAT) of air pollution prevention and control are of considerable significance to promote the upgrade of pollution prevention measures and technological progress. The paper studied and established the method of screening and evaluating the AAT for the prevention and control of air pollution in the building ceramics industry. Through collection and analysis of three normal pollutant emission concentrations of ten available techniques (AT), to select the AAT that meet at least one pollutant of all the plants was lower than 50% of the national standard emission concentration threshold in China. Based on the experience of the European Union and the comprehensive evaluation of industry associations, research institutions, and pollution control experts, five AAT were selected. The findings will provide an essential reference for the building ceramics industry to select advanced techniques, and provide significant technical support for the revision of the ceramic industrial pollutant emission standard for and selection of pollution prevention and control techniques (PPT and PCT) for pollutant discharge permission management.
Comparison and Analysis of Important Product Standards and Technical Indicator Systems in the Papermaking Field-Taking Facial Tissue as An Example
Authors: Li Jing , Qiu Wenlun , Yang Lifei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article summarizes the current status of domestic and foreign standards for paper products and the standard system, compares and analyzes the domestic and international standards for facial tissue which is key product in the papermaking industry, combines the production technology, characteristics, and requirements of the product to establish key technologies index list for facial tissue, carries on comprehensive analysis of product standard index levels, testing methods, etc., and gives opinions and suggestions on product standard formulation and revision.
Effects of Variable Responses to Climate Change on the Interactions of Migratory and Resident Birds in Europe
Authors: Cao Yuren 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Long-distance migrants and residents may respond to large-scale climate change by advancing egg laying dates. It is expected that variation in changes in avian laying dates among similar species affects their interactions in an ecological community. By analyzing long-term trends of the mean laying dates (MLD) of pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca, collared flycatcher Ficedula albicollis, and great tits Parus major across 25 study sites in Europe from five published studies, the paper uses two-tailed t tests to show that variable adjustments in laying dates in different species have different implications on their interactions across Europe. It is found that pied flycatcher advanced laying dates significantly faster compared to great tits in Central Europe, gaining advantage in their competition for nest holes. Additionally, the study shows that pied flycatcher and collared flycatcher potentially share smaller overlap in laying dates in their sympatric breeding ground in Northern Europe, which may decrease the occurrences of hybridization, whereas the trend reverses in Central Europe. The results highlight that geographical variations in phenological responses to climate change have complicated effects on interspecific interaction, a novel research field that lacks empirical results. The conclusions of this study provide potential directions for empirical studies of climate change in the future.
Nanotechnology in the Philippines: Development of framework for technology adoption
Authors: Lim N R E , Santos G N C , Ubando A T , Culaba A B 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Groundbreaking advancements have driven significant industries to adopt and take advantage of the key technologies in order to thrive in these adjustments coming from the Fourth Industrial Revolution (FIRe). However, with the threat of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causing catastrophic setback to the society and economy, scientific endeavors have shifted towards finding a solution to this pandemic. It is high time to evaluate how the current technology from the FIRe can help a country, such as the Philippines, survive such outbreaks and unforeseen circumstances. Advancements in the field of nanotechnology aim to develop smaller and inexpensive testers, and overall newer and more effective medical solutions. However, the extent on how these technologies can be realized depends on the interplay between the country’s policies, and the strong link between industry and academe. This paper raises policy recommendations from synthesizing the trends in nanotechnology and forecasting how it develops so as the country can readily adapt. Moreover, this paper identifies the barriers and constraints, as well as the factors necessary for the technology adoption in the country.
Feasibility of quantum key distribution from high altitude platforms
Authors: Chu Yi , Donaldson Ross , Kumar Rupesh , Grace David 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the feasibility study of deploying quantum key distribution (QKD) from high altitude platforms (HAPs), as a way of securing future communications applications and services. The paper provides a thorough review of the state of the art HAP technologies and summarises the benefits that HAPs can bring to the QKD services. A detailed link budget analysis is presented in the paper to evaluate the feasibility of delivering QKD from stratospheric HAPs flying at 20 km altitude. The results show a generous link budget under most operating conditions which brings the possibility of using diverged beams, thereby simplifying the pointing, acquisition and tracking of the optical system on the HAPs and ground, potentially widening the range of future use cases where QKD could be a viable solution.
The impact of rain rate, raining patch size, and spacing on southeastern Pacific cloud fraction transitions
Authors: Smalley Kevin M , Rapp Anita D 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Rain-induced cold pools are one mechanism by which transitions in cloud fraction in marine stratocumulus over the southeast Pacific occur. We use CloudSat/CALIPSO to identify raining patches within stratocumulus over the southeast Pacific, and then calculate the cloud fraction surrounding each raining patch, nearest-neighbor distance (spacing), mean rain rate, and raining patch size (extent). The spatial patterns show that as cloud fraction decreases and rain rate increases from east to west, a minimum in spacing exists between 80 °W-100 °W, but the maximum extent occurs further west. Holding spacing constant, cloud fraction decreases with rain rate but increases with extent. Additionally, cloud fraction is generally lower between 80 °W-100 °W when cells are large. This behavior is consistent with the idea that heavier rainfall associated with larger cells may result in possible cold pool interactions that could drive lower cloud fractions around the largest cells producing the most intense rainfall.
Evaluation of the relative available energy of cyclic nigerosylnigerose using breath hydrogen excretion in healthy humans
Authors: Mizote Akiko , Yasuda Akiko , Yoshizane Chiyo , Ishida Yuki , Kakuta Shoji , Endo Shin , Mitsuzumi Hitoshi , Ushio Shimpei 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Cyclic nigerosylnigerose (CNN) is a cyclic tetrasaccharide with properties distinct from those of other conventional cyclodextrins. We investigated the relative available energy of CNN in healthy humans. CNN digestibility was determined using brush border membrane vesicles from the small intestines of rats. CNN was not hydrolyzed by rat intestinal enzymes. To investigate breath hydrogen excretion, 13 human subjects were included in a double-blind cross-over, randomized, placebo-controlled study. The effects of CNN on hydrogen excretion were compared with those of a typical nondigestible, fermentable fructooligosaccharide (FOS). In the study participants, hydrogen excretion hardly increased upon CNN and was remarkably lower than for FOS. The available energy value was determined using the fermentability based on breath hydrogen excretion and was evaluated as 0 kcal/g for CNN. CNN was hardly metabolized and hence may be used as a low-energy dietary fiber.
The PRAME family of cancer testis antigens is essential for germline development and gametogenesis
Authors: Kern Chandlar H , Yang Mingyao , Liu Wan-Sheng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) belongs to a group of cancer/testis antigens that are predominately expressed in the testis and a variety of tumors, and are involved in immunity and reproduction. Much of the attention on PRAME has centered on cancer biology as PRAME is a prognostic biomarker for a wide range of cancers and a potential immunotherapeutic target. Less information is available about the PRAME family’s function (s) during gametogenesis and in the overall reproduction process. Here, we review the current knowledge of the PRAME gene family and its function in germline development and gametogenesis. Members of the PRAME family are leucine rich repeat proteins, localized in nucleus and cytoplasm, with multifaceted roles in germ cells. As transcriptional regulators, the PRAME family proteins are involved in germline development, particularly in the maintenance of embryonic stem cell pluripotency, development of primordial germ cells, and differentiation/proliferation of spermatogenic and oogenic cells. The PRAME family proteins are also enriched in cytoplasmic organelles, such as rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi vesicle, germinal granules, centrioles, and play a role in the formation of the acrosome and sperm tail during spermiogenesis. The PRAME gene family remains transcriptionally active in the germline throughout the entire life cycle and is essential for gametogenesis, with some members specific to either male or female germ cells, while others are involved in both male and female gametogenesis. A potential molecular mechanism that underlies the function of PRAME, and is shared by gametogenesis and oncogenesis is also discussed.
A central role for cAMP/EPAC/RAP/PI3K/AKT/CREB signaling in LH-induced follicular Pgr expression at medaka ovulation
Authors: Ogiwara Katsueki , Hoyagi Miyuki , Takahashi Takayuki 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Nuclear progestin receptor (PGR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that has been identified as a pivotal mediator of many processes associated with ovarian and uterine function, and aberrant control of PGR activity causes infertility and disease including cancer. The essential role of PGR in vertebrate ovulation is well recognized, but the mechanisms by which PGR is rapidly and transiently induced in preovulatory follicles after the ovulatory LH surge are not known in lower vertebrates. To address this issue, we utilized the small freshwater teleost medaka Oryzias latipes, which serves as a good model system for studying vertebrate ovulation. In the in vitro ovulation system using preovulatory follicles dissected from the fish ovaries, we found that inhibitors of EPAC (brefeldin A), RAP (GGTI298), PI3K (Wortmannin), AKT (AKT inhibitor IV), and CREB (KG-501) inhibited LH-induced follicle ovulation, while the PKA inhibitor H-89 had no effect on follicle ovulation. The inhibitors capable of inhibiting follicle ovulation also inhibited follicular expression of Pgr and matrix metalloproteinase-15 (Mmp15), the latter of which was previously shown to not only be a downstream effector of Pgr but also a proteolytic enzyme indispensable for follicle rupture in medaka ovulation. Further detailed analysis revealed for the first time that the cAMP/EPAC/RAP/PI3K/AKT/CREB signaling pathway mediates the LH signal to induce Pgr expression in preovulatory follicles. Our data also showed that phosphorylated Creb1 is a transcription factor essential for pgr expression and that Creb1 phosphorylated by Akt1, rather than PKA, may be preferably used to induce pgr expression.
STUDIES ON THE MUTATION ABNORMAL OOCYTE AND ITS INTERACTION WITH THE RIBOSOMAL DNA OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER
Authors: Krider Hallie M , Levine Bryan I 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Sandler (1970) suggested that mutation, abnormal oocyte (abo:2–38), may influence the function of the ribosomal RNA cistrons. We have examined the abo mutation and its interaction with the ribosomal DNA of Drosophila melanogaster. We observed that the expression of the abo phenotype is unstable under the appropriate conditions, a behavior which paralleled changes in the phenotypic expression of bobbed mutations during the magnification of the ribosomal DNA. The change in the expression of the abo phenotype is correlated with an increase in the redundancy of the ribosomal cistrons, further suggesting a functional interaction of the abo and bobbed regions.
A SINGLE-GENE-DEPENDENT ABNORMALITY OF ADORAL MEMBRANELLES IN TETRAHYMENA PYRIFORMIS, SPECIES 1
Authors: Kaczanowski Andrezj 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Strain D of species (syngen) 1, Tetrahymena pyriformis, differs from other inbred strains in its manifestation of certain abnormal patterns of adoral membranelles. Instead of the usual three membranelles some cells have a greater number, most frequently 4 or 5, but occasionally up to 7. The extra membranelles, or even all membranelles of any given set, are shorter than M-1 and M-2 of the normal pattern. In other cases, the only alteration observed is a change in the relative lengths of the three membranelles. The frequency of abnormal cells varies from about 5% to 15% during exponential growth to over 50% after prolonged stationary culture. The genetic basis for the abnormality is shown to be due to a single recessive gene which segregates normally in various crosses and which manifests vegetative assortment as do most allelic variants in species 1.
GENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE PROXIMAL REGION OF CHROMOSOME 2 OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. I. DETACHMENT PRODUCTS OF COMPOUND AUTOSOMES
Authors: Hilliker A J , Holm D G 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
To examine the genetic composition of proximal heterochromain in chromosome 2, the detachment of compound second autosomes, for generating proximal deficiencies, appeared a promising method. Compound seconds were detached by gamma radiation. A fraction of the detachment products were recessive lethals owing to proximal deficiencies. Analysis by inter se complementation, pseudo-dominance tests with proximal mutations and allelism tests with known deficiencies provided evidence for at least two loci between the centromere and the light locus in 2L and one locus in 2R between the rolled locus and the centromere. The data further demonstrate that rolled, and probably light, are located within the proximal heterochromatin. Thus, functional genetic loci are found in heterochromatin, albeit at low density.
GENETIC CHANGE AND RATES OF CLADOGENESIS
Authors: Avise John C , Ayala Francisco J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Models are introduced which predict ratios of mean levels of genetic divergence in species-rich versus species-poor phylads under two competing assumptions: (1) genetic differentiation is a function of time, unrelated to the number of cladogenetic events and (2) genetic differentiation is proportional to the number of speciation events in the group. The models are simple, general, and biologically real, but not precise. They lead to qualitatively distinct predictions about levels of genetic divergence depending upon the relationship between rates of speciation and amount of genetic change. When genetic distance between species is a function of time, mean genetic distances in speciose and depauperate phylads of equal evolutionary age are very similar. On the contrary, when genetic distance is a function of the number of speciations in the history of a phylad, the ratio of mean genetic distances separating species in speciose versus depauperate phylads is greater than one, and increases rapidly as the frequency of speciations in one group relative to the other increases. The models may be tested with data from natural populations to assess (1) possible correlations between rates of anagenesis and cladogenesis and (2) the amount of genetic differentiation accompanying the speciation process.
The data collected in electrophoretic surveys and other kinds of studies can be used to test the predictions of the models. For this purpose genetic distances need to be measured in speciose and depauperate phylads of equal evolutionary age. The limited information presently available agrees better with the model predicting that genetic change is primarily a function of time, and is not correlated with rates of speciation. Further testing of the models is, however, required before firm conclusions can be drawn.
DELETIONS INDUCED BY HEAT TREATMENT OF E. COLI K12 LYSOGENIC FOR Λ PROPHAGES
Authors: Marchelli C , Ghelardini P , Nasi S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We have investigated the production of prophage deletions in heat-induced λ lysogens of E. coli K12. Our results are indicative of a direct action of the heat-induced prophage in producing deletions. The temperature of 40° used for the experiments may be critical to prove this effect. The phage function involved in deletion formation is not known.
REGULATION OF MATING AND MEIOSIS IN YEAST BY THE MATING-TYPE REGION
Authors: Kassir Yona , Simchen Giora 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A supposed sporulation-deficient mutation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is found to affect mating in haploids and in diploids, and to be inseparable from the mating-type locus by recombination. The mutation is regarded as a defective a allele and is designated a*. This is confirmed by its dominance relations in diploids, triploids, and tetraploids. Tetrad analysis of tetraploids and of their sporulating diploid progeny suggests the existence of an additional locus, RME, which regulates sporulation in yeast strains that can mate. Thus the recessive homozygous constitution rme/rme enables the diploids a*/α, a/a*, and α/α to go through meiosis. Haploids carrying rme show apparent premeiotic DNA replication in sporulation conditions. This new regulatory locus is linked to the centromere of the mating-type chromosome, and its two alleles, rme and RME, are found among standard laboratory strains.
MUTATIONS MASKING THE LAMBDA CIN-1 MUTATION
Authors: McDermit Matthew , Pierce Mark , Staley Darrell , Shimaji Michael , Shaw Richard , Wulff Daniel L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A lambda cnc mutation masks the phenotype of the lambda cin-1 mutation. Eleven cnc mutations have been found. All appear to be identical and all map at a site just to the right of the cin-1 site. It is probable that cin-1 and cnc affect adjacent, or almost adjacent nucleotide pairs. Neither the cin-1 nor the cnc mutation involves large additions or deletions of genetic material.
THE EFFECTS OF HITCHHIKING ON A GENE FOR RECOMBINATION
Authors: Strobeck C , Smith J Maynard , Charlesworth B 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This paper proposes that alleles increasing recombination rates may be selected for as a result of the perturbing effects of the spread of selectively favored alleles on neighboring loci maintained polymorphic by selection. The recombination genes are favored since their presence increases the production of selectively advantageous types of gametes with which they tend to remain associated. Numerical examples are presented, and some consequences of this model discussed. One such consequence is the widespread existence of polymorphism for genes affecting recombination values.
GAMMA-RAY MUTAGENESIS IN BACTERIOPHAGE T4
Authors: Conkling Mark A , Grunau John A , Drake John W 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
137Cs-gamma irradiation of bacteriophage T4 induces large deletions plus a variety of types of point mutations. All mutations arise with single-hit kinetics, and all by a misrepair process. The estimated point mutation rate is 1.5 × 10-9 per locus per rad.
MATERNAL AND RECIPROCAL EFFECTS ON SEEDLING CHARACTERS IN ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA (L.) HEYNH
Authors: Corey L A , Matzinger D F , Cockerham C Clark 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Five early growth characters were examined in six races of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh, their reciprocal F1 hybrids (1974) and F1 by tester hybrids, using a seventh race as a paternal tester. Three of the five characters were also examined at two nutrient levels in reciprocal F1 hybrids (1972) of all seven races. Analyses of F1 and F1 by tester hybrids revealed significant maternal effects in all characters examined in F1 hybrids (1972) and in root length and plant weight of F1 (1974) and F1 by tester hybrids. Significant reciprocal effects were found for plant weight in F1 by tester hybrids and for seed weight, percentage of germination and root length in F1 (1974) and F1 by tester hybrids. The presence of significant maternal and/or reciprocal components in both F1 (1974) and F1 by tester diallels suggests that differences in maternal cytoplasm rather than maternal genotype per se were responsible for much of the variation resulting from these non-direct genetic effects.