bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual Loss in Patients With Craniofacial Synostosis
Authors: Hertle Richard W , Quinn Graham E , Minguini Nilza , Katowitz James A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We reviewed the ocular findings in patients with cranial stenosis, who were seen in the Craniofacial Clinic at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, to determine the prevalence, pattern, and etiology of visual loss. There were 15 patients with Apert syndrome, 25 patients with Crouzon syndrome, and 18 patients with other forms of Craniofacial synostoses. Visual loss occurred in 17 eyes of 11 patients with Apert syndrome, 14 eyes of 11 patients with Crouzon syndrome, and 12 eyes of 8 patients with other Craniofacial synostosis syndromes. Refractive errors and strabismus were present in the majority of these patients. Amblyopia due to strabismus, ametropia, or ptosis was the major reason for visual loss in all three groups of patients. Structural abnormalities contributed to loss of vision in six eyes.
Incidence and Survival Characteristics of Retinoblastoma in Singapore From 1968-1995
Authors: Saw Seang-Mei , Tan Nikolle , Lee Sao-Bing , Eong Kah-Guan Au , Chia Kee-Seng 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Purpose: To describe the incidence and survival of 69 Singapore residents with retinoblastoma in all Singapore hospitals from 1968-1995.
Methods: Data of all Singapore residents diagnosed with retinoblastoma from 1968-1995 were collected by the Singapore Cancer Registry based on notifications from physicians, pathology records, hospital discharge records, and death certificates. The medical records of 46 patients were traced, and information on laterality of tumor, spread of tumor, mode of treatment, and family history of retinoblastoma was obtained. Time trends and survival characteristics of the cohort were described.
Results: The incidence rate of retinoblastoma was 2.4 per 1 million for children <9 years and 11.1 per 1 million for children <5 years. The incidence of retinoblastoma has been almost uniform over time from 1 968-1 995, except for an apparent increase in 1988-1992. The 3-year survival rate for retinoblastoma was 83%. Survival rates were higher in children <2 years because children who present at a younger age may have tumors diagnosed at earlier stages of the disease. There was no difference in survival rates for sex, race, laterality, family history of retinoblastoma, treatment, or year of diagnosis.
Conclusion: Retinoblastoma is the most common eye cancer in children that may cause blindness or death. The incidence rates of retinoblastoma in Singapore have remained fairly stable over 28 years, and the survival rate is higher in younger children. This study will be helpful in monitoring future disease patterns in Asian populations.
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2000;37:87-93.
e-Consults
Authors: Ruttum Mark , Alcorn Deborah 
Published: April 2021

Our Column Editors prepared a patient case for virtual consultation - the patient's history, physical examination, and pertinent photos are e-mailed to colleagues for a discussion of their individual treatment choices.
In this column, Mark Ruttum presents a case of a 10-year-old boy with Duane syndrome OS. Emilio C. Campos, MD; R. Scott Foster, MD; and Lionel Kowal, MD, served as "consultants" and share their diagnosis and treatment options.
Sensory Deviations Subsequent to Senile Cataract
Authors: Chaudhuri Zia , Pandey P K 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Purpose: To evaluate the effect of extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in patients with sensory deviations subsequent to senile cataract.
Methods: Twenty patients with dense cataract and associated sensory deviations underwent followup between April 1 996 and April 1 998 after extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber IOL implantation in the deviating eye. All patients underwent follow-up for a minimum period of 6 months.
Results: Preoperatively, all patients had a visual acuity of PL positive (perception of light present) and PR (projection of rays) accurate in the deviating eye. Two patients had an esodeviation, and 1 8 patients had an exodeviation. Postoperatively, all patients had a corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better in the operated eye at 12 weeks. Nineteen patients had ocular alignment within ±8 prism diopters of orthophoria at 12 weeks.
Conclusion: Sensory deviations subsequent to senile cataract usually resolve spontaneously after cataract surgery if visual gains are 20/40 or better. The prognosis for binocular vision is good.
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2000;37:159-162.
Tolerance of Patients and Postoperative Results: Topical Anesthesia for Strabismus Surgery
Authors: Kim Sangduck , Yang Yunsik , Kim Jaeduck 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Purpose: To assess patient tolerance and the postoperative results of intraoperative adjustment of strabismus surgery under topical anesthesia.
Methods: Twenty-four patients with strabismus underwent rectus muscle recession under topical anesthesia without the use of additional systemic analgesics and sedatives. Ritieni tolerance was estimated according to the sites of procedure. In addition, the angle of strabismus was measured 1 day, 6 weeks, and 1 year postoperatively.
Results: Of the 24 patients Identified (1 1 men and 1 3 women; mean age: 24 years), 1 6 had exotropia, 7 were esotropie, and 1 was hypertroplc. During the operation, 17 patients never expressed any pain, and 7 patients complained of discomfort on muscle manipulation. Postoperatively, the success rate was 95.8% (23 patients) the first day after surgery, 79.2% (19 patients) after 6 weeks, and 70.8% (1 7 patients) after 1 year.
Conclusion: Intraoperative adjustment performed with the patient under topical anesthesia is recommended in all cooperative cases of strabismus surgery and is comfortable for patients.
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2000;37:344-348.
What Every NURSE Needs to Know about...JUVENILE FIRESETTERS
Authors: Slavkin Michael L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
With the number of juvenile firesetters growing each year and the amount of psychological and financial damage they create, it is essential that clinical professionals are aware of the characteristics surrounding juveniles who set fires. This study had two primary purposes: to educate nurses and mental health practitioners about the etiology and treatment of juvenile firesetters and to discuss a number of exploratory predictors, including age, gender, aggression, internalizing behaviors, level of deviancy, family dynamics, and sociability. Certain individual and environmental characteristics relate to varying levels of damage caused by the fire and the presence or absence of recidivistic behaviors. Firesetters are a group widely seen in the general population but not often identified or studied by clinical professionals. Therefore, this article has implications for the clinical practice of nurse practitioners and others who come into contact with this clinical population.
LUNACY REVISITED
Authors: Barr Wally 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The idea that the stars and planets may influence human health and behavior can be traced to at least Roman times, and research suggests a high proportion of health professionals continue to hold this belief. Nevertheless, evidence for the supposed influence of the moon on human behavior has proved particularly elusive, and research has tended to suffer from weaknesses in methodology and data analysis.
This article reports findings drawn from a re-analysis of data from a research study into the functioning of a sample of mentally ill people living in the community. The mental health and quality of life of a sample of 100 people were assessed on four occasions during a 30-month period. Data were aggregated to represent the span of one lunar month, with scores being allocated to the relevant week of the lunar cycle during which each assessment was made. Comparison of mean values across the weeks of the lunar cycle was preformed using the ANOVA. Results showed significant change at the time of the full moon only in subjects with a diagnosis of schizophrenia (n = 56), where deterioration was observed in three areas of psychopathology and one area of quality of life. Some implications for nursing practice are discussed, and it is suggested that future research into the possibility of a lunar effect on human life should focus on the direct measurement of functioning in people with schizophrenia.
Logs as Adjuncts to Therapy for Adolescents in a Residential Psychiatric Program
Authors: Yonge Olive 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
As part of a 3-year ethnography of an adolescent residential psychiatric program, staff, patients, and occasionally family members were observed communicating using written logs. Using participant observation and opportunistic interviewing, and reading the logs, the researcher was able to determine the advantages, disadvantages, and direct value of the logs to patients and staff. Logs, when used judiciously after patient assessment, demonstrated patient responsiveness to treatment and promoted patient-centered care. Writing in logs increased patients' identification of thoughts and feelings, mirrored their developmental state, and demonstrated staff members' skills in communication. They are an invaluable adjunct to therapy for certain adolescent patients.
The Antidepressant Nefazodone: A Review of its Pharmacology, Clinical Efficacy, Adverse Effects, Dosage, and Administation
Authors: Khouzam Hani Raoul 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Nefazodone is an antidepressant medication which received approval from the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of major depressive disorder in 1994. This article summarizes the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, and drug interactions of nefazodone as well as its administration and dosing schedule. The potential efficacy of nefazodone in treating anxiety, premenstrual syndrome, chronic pain conditions, and sleep disturbances also is summarized. Nefazodone has a favorable side effects profile which makes it an attractive alternative option for patients who withdraw from treatment when they develop adverse effects to other available antidepressants.
Diffractive Smoothing of Excimer Laser Ablation Using a Defocused Beam
Authors: Krueger Ronald R , Wang Xun Wei , Rudisill Michael , Trokel Stephen L , McDonnell Peter J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine if excimer laser myopic ablation with a defocused laser image produces a smoother ablation profile than does focused laser light.
METHODS: An ArF excimer laser was used to ablate a 5.00-diopter myopic correction in test blocks using both a contracting and expanding iris aperture. Defocused ablation was performed using a contracting iris aperture by translating the target away from the laser source. A confocal laser scanning microscope was used to analyze the surface smoothness at 55 × and 275 × magnifications.
RESULTS: The confocal laser scanning micrographs revealed a series of sharply demarcated concentric ridges in the focused ablation, and less prominent, slightly wavy lines in the defocused ablation performed with a contracting aperture. The focused ablation with an expanding aperture also created concentric ridges toward the periphery, but with slightly smoother edges.
CONCLUSION: Micrographic analysis of the surface profile of excimer laser myopic ablation using a variable iris aperture revealed the presence of concentric ridges following focused ablation and smooth curvilinear lines when ablation was performed with a defocused image. [Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:20-26.)
RÉSUMÉ
INTRODUCTION: Afin de déterminer si le laser excimer permet de réaliser une ablation plus lisse avec le faisceau flou, nous avons procédé à des corrections de 5 dioptries en blocs d'essai en utilisant une ouverture variable.
MÉTHODES: L'ablation floue fut réalisée en inclinant la cible par rapport à l'ouverture en phase de rétrécissement. L'aspect de la surface fut analysé au microscope scanographique du laser confocal avec un grossissement de 55× puis 275× .
RÉSULTATS: Les micrographes ont montré une série d'arêtes nettement démarquées dans l'ablation mise au point et des lignes onduleuses et moins proéminentes dans l'ablation floue réalisée avec une ouverture qui va en se rétrécissement. L'ablation mise au point réalisée avec une ouverture qui va en augmentant entraînait des arêtes concentriques, mais les bords étaient un peu plus lisses.
CONCLUSION: L'analyse micrographique du profil de la surface après l'ablation myopique au laser excimer montrait des arêtes concentriques après l'ablation mise au point et des lignes lisses et curvilignes après l'ablation à l'image floue. (Translated by Rob Mack, MD, Iowa City, la.)
SOMMARIO
PREMESSA: Scopo del lavoro è stato il determinare se l'ablazione miopica con laser ad eccimeri con raggio defocalizzato determina una superficie di ablazione più regolare di quella prodotta dal raggio focalizzato.
Severe Ocular Trauma Without Corneal Rupture After Radial Keratotomy: Case Reports
Authors: Casebeer J Charles , Shapiro David R , Phillips Steven 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The vulnerability of the ocular coat to trauma following radial keratotomy is an issue of concern to both patients and physicians. Herein, we report two cases of eyes which were exposed to severe trauma after previously undergoing radial keratotomy procedures. In the first case, a woman sustained multiple facial bone fractures in a fatal airplane crash. In the second case, a man was involved in a case of blunt ocular trauma involving a high velocity racquetball. Rupture of the ocular coat did not occur in either case. [Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:31-33.)
Corneal Power Correction Factor for Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Mandell Robert B 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Studies of corneal power changes resulting from photorefractive keratectomy generally rely on keratometer or videokeratograph measurements. These instruments convert corneal radius of curvatures values to optical powers by means of the single refracting surface formula, which incorporates an index of refraction value of 1.3375. This index approximates that of the tears but not the 1.376 index of the corneal epithelium or stroma. A hypothetical optical model was used to determine the most appropriate index to be chosen with respect to corneal power calculations relative to photorefractive keratectomy.
METHODS: The contribution of each refractive element in the tear lens-corneal surface to the total power of the eye was calculated in order to identify which index of refraction was most appropriate for the corneal power calculation.
RESULTS: The outer tear surface has significant optical power but the tear layer as a whole has nearly zero power due to the offsetting negative power of the posterior tear surface. There is no significant difference in the effective power of light leaving the corneal anterior surface when considered with or without the tear layer. Photorefractive keratectomy changes the epithelium and anterior surface of the corneal stroma, but does not affect the posterior stroma or other ocular media. Hence the refractive index for the corneal epithelium or stroma of 1.376 should be used in converting radius to optical power values. The error in assuming a corneal index of 1.3375 is a constant proportion equal to 11.4% of the corneal power reading.
CONCLUSIONS: Photorefractive keratectomy presents a situation in which the actual corneal refractive index of 1.376 should be used for correct corneal radius to power conversions. This may be accomplished by changing the index value in the instrument algorithm for keratometry and videokeratography to 1.376 or by adding a correction factor of either 11.4% of the regular reading to its value or multiplying by the factor 1.114. In other applications of keratometry or videokeratography, the index 1.3375 may be more appropriate. [J Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:125-128.]
Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia of More Than -10 Diopters
Authors: Rogers Ohristopher M , Lawless Michael A , Cohen Peter R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Twenty-seven consecutive eyes of 18 patients with myopia of more than -10.00 diopters (D) were treated by photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) using the ExciMed UV200LA excimer laser and a double ablation technique in an attempt to achieve a refraction of piano. The preoperative mean spherical equivalent refraction was -13.32 D (standard deviation 2.54, range -10.25 to -20.50). Preoperative spectacle corrected visual acuity ranged from 6/6 to 6/60 and one eye had had two previous refractive keratotomies. Follow up ranged from 3 to 15 months (mean 8.9).
At 6 months after surgery, the mean change in refraction was 11.03 D, from a preoperative mean of -13.32 D to a postoperative mean of -2.29 D. The mean keratometric flattening was 5.83 D, from a preoperative mean of 42.92 D to a postoperative mean of 39.09 D. The reason for this large difference is uncertain.
At three months the mean spherical equivalent refraction was +0.07 D (SD 2.94, range -10.50 to + 3.25). The 14 eyes that had achieved 12 months follow up had a mean spherical equivalent of -1.91 D (SD 3.87, range -11.00 to +2.50). Seven of these 14 eyes have been reablated for manifest scars in association with regression. All 14 eyes had best spectacle corrected visual acuity at or better than their preoperative level. [J Refract Corneal Surg (suppl.) 1994;10:S171-S173.]
Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia: One-year Follow-Up in 97 Eyes
Authors: Shimizu Kimiya , Amano Shiro , Tanaka Shunichi 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We made a comprehensive study of 97 eyes that received photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopia and followed them for one year. In 95 eyes, uncorrected visual acuity improved and bestcorrected acuity remained unchanged. In eyes with myopia of more than -3.0 diopters (D), the postoperative refraction was within -1.0 D of attempted correction. Predictability decreased with higher myopia. We also examined the changes of both epithelium and endothelium with the specular microscope and found no significant changes after photorefractive keratectomy.
Videokeratography showed an average of inferior decentration in most eyes by 0.51 mm + /- 0.31 (n = 60); only one clinical problem was noted - one eye experienced monocular diplopia for seven months. Pachometry showed a small percentage had corneal thinning - the amount depended on the degree of myopia. A rise in intraocular pressure over 21 mm Hg was observed in 8.9% of eyes but it was controlled without surgery. Haze was observed in most eyes, but faded gradually without significant problems. Reduced contrast sensitivity in night vision was noted and some patients experienced glare. Day vision contrast sensitivity was related to corneal haze. [J Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:S178-S187.]
Photorefractive Keratectomy in 176 Eyes: One Year Follow-up
Authors: Orssaud C , Ganem S , Binaghi M , Patarin D , Putterman M , Viens-Bitker C , Boye A , Dufier J L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Beginning in March 1992, 176 eyes from 176 patients underwent photorefractive keratectomy with the Summit Technology Eximed UV200LA. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of this method. [J Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:S199S205.1
Some Problems After Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Kim Jae Ho , Sah Woo Jin , Hahn Tae Won , Lee Young Chun 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We analyzed the data from 1821 patients (2920 eyes) who received photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) to investigate the postoperative complications which cause a significant decrease in visual acuity.
A corneal haze of grade 2 or more developed in 9 patients (11 eyes, 0.38%) and corticosteroid-induced ocular hypertension occurred in 3 patients (4 eyes, 0.14%). Three patients (4 eyes) who had corneal haze of grade 2 or more underwent repeated photorefractive keratectomy and one patient (2 eyes) with steroid-induced ocular hypertension underwent trabeculectomies.
A decrease of best spectacle corrected visual acuity of two lines or more was detected in 7 patients (8 eyes, 0.27%), caused by irregular astigmatism, steroid-induced cataract, incidental choroidal neovascular membrane, and an unknown origin.
Good predictability and stabilization after photorefractive keratectomy was maintained at the 2 year follow-up. However, some subjective symptoms were reported by many patients and some complications occurred in a minority of eyes despite the excellent visual outcome in a large majority. [J Refract Corneal Surg 1994;10:S226-S230.]
Photorefractive Keratectomy for Residual Myopia After Previous Refractive Keratotomy
Authors: Durrie Daniel S , Schumer D James , Cavanaugh Timothy B 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) was performed on 91 eyes of 71 patients who had previous radial keratotomy, radial combined with astigmatic keratotomy or astigmatic keratotomy alone (refractive keratotomy). Residual myopia, prior to photorefractive keratectomy, ranged from -1.50 to -8.00 D (mean -3.62) and cylinder from 0 to 2.25 D (mean 0.78). Uncorrected visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 89.7% at one year. At the 12 month follow-up 75.9% of patients were within +/- 1.00 D of intended correction. [J Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:S235S238.1
Astigmatic Keratotomy Followed by Photorefractive Keratectomy in the Treatment of Compound Myopic Astigmatism
Authors: Lipshitz Isaak , Lowenstein Anat , Lazar Moshe 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Eleven eyes of 9 patients that had compound myopic astigmatism were treated by astigmatic keratotmy followed 1 month later by photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). In 9 eyes arcuate incisions were performed, in 1 eye a modified Ruiz procedure was performed, and in 1 eye radial T cuts were done. The mean spherical equivalent was -8.26 +/- 2.51 diopters (D) after the astigmatic keratotomy but before photorefractive keratectomy, and -0.36 +/- 0.93 D after photorefractive keratectomy. The mean cylinder was -3.11 +/- 1.16 D preoperatively, and -0.14 +/0.9 D postoperatively. Combined astigmatic keratotomy and photorefractive keratectomy are effective treatments for compound myopic astigmatism. [J Refract Corneal Surg. 1994; 10:S282-S284.]