bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Training Radiologists to Interpret Contrast-enhanced Mammography: Toward a Standardized Lexicon
Authors: Berg Wendie A , Bandos Andriy I , Zuley Margarita L , Waheed Uzma X 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objective
Using terms adapted from the BI-RADS Mammography and MRI lexicons, we trained radiologists to interpret contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) and assessed reliability of their description and assessment.

Methods
A 60-minute presentation on CEM and terminology was reviewed independently by 21 breast imaging radiologist observers. For 21 CEM exams with 31 marked findings, observers recorded background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) (minimal, mild, moderate, marked), lesion type (oval/round or irregular mass, or non-mass enhancement), intensity of enhancement (none, weak, medium, strong), enhancement quality (none, homogeneous, heterogeneous, rim), and BI-RADS assessment category (2, 3, 4A, 4B, 4C, 5). “Expert” consensus of 3 other radiologists experienced in CEM was developed. Kappa statistic was used to assess agreement between radiologists and expert consensus, and between radiologists themselves, on imaging feature categories and final assessments. Reproducibility of specific feature descriptors was assessed as fraction of consensus-concordant responses.

Results
Radiologists demonstrated moderate agreement for BPE, (mean kappa, 0.43; range, 0.05–0.69), and lowest reproducibility for “minimal.” Agreement was substantial for lesion type (mean kappa, 0.70; range, 0.47–0.93), moderate for intensity of enhancement (mean kappa, 0.57; range, 0.44–0.76), and moderate for enhancement quality (mean kappa, 0.59; range, 0.20–0.78). Agreement on final assessment was fair (mean kappa, 0.26; range, 0.09–0.44), with BI-RADS category 3 the least reproducible. Decision to biopsy (BI-RADS 2–3 vs 4–5) showed moderate agreement with consensus (mean kappa, 0.54; range, −0.06–0.87).

Conclusion
With minimal training, agreement for description of CEM findings by breast imaging radiologists was comparable to other BI-RADS lexicons.
Flow cytometry with cell sorting and sequencing as a tool for the study of the stomach microbiota of the Humboldt Current krill (Euphausiacea)
Authors: Henríquez-Castillo Carlos , Franco-Cisterna Belén , Murillo Alejandro A , Ulloa Osvaldo , Riquelme-Bugueño Ramiro 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Euphausiids (krill) are important contributors to marine biomass and key players in marine pelagic trophic webs. Euphausiid stomachs represent a speciﬁc niche for microbes that participate in the digestion of the host’s dietary components. Methods for the study of the diversity and function of these microorganisms remain complex. Bacterial ribosomal sequences obtained from lysates of stomachs are often overrepresented by organisms from the surrounding environment. Flow cytometry with cell sorting (FC-CS) have become a powerful technique to study microbial community structure but also for the study of population genomics of gut-associated bacteria. We compared the performance of the FC-CS-sequencing and total DNA extraction-sequencing to study the stomach microbiota of the Humboldt Current krill. Non-specific amplification was not retrieved in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from cells sorted, opposite to the observed using the DNA from the whole lysate. Sequences obtained from the whole stomach DNA were enriched in picocyanobacteria, whereas sequences retrieved from cells sorted belonged almost exclusively to Balneola sp. of the new phylum Balneolaeota. Our results suggest that the stomach-associated microbiota can be successfully characterized by FC-CS and sequencing by manual scraping of the stomach. The implementation of this technique might complement future studies on host-microbes interaction and their implications on the marine pelagic food web.
Long-term outcomes of salvage endoscopic submucosal dissection for local failure after chemoradiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kimura Hidenori , Yoshida Masao , Yabuuchi Yohei , Kakushima Naomi , Yamamoto Yoichi , Kawata Noboru , Takizawa Kohei , Kishida Yoshihiro , Imai Kenichiro , Ito Sayo , Hotta Kinichi , Ishiwatari Hirotoshi , Matsubayashi Hiroyuki , Ono Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Salvage endoscopic submucosal dissection is considered a minimally invasive treatment for local failure after chemoradiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. However, the long-term outcomes have not been fully evaluated. This study investigated the short-term and long-term outcomes of salvage endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Methods
Patients who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection for local recurrence or residual tumor after chemoradiotherapy from January 2006 to December 2017 were retrospectively investigated. Follow-up included endoscopic examination and computed tomography at least once every 6 months after salvage endoscopic submucosal dissection. Risk factors for disease recurrence after salvage endoscopic submucosal dissection were assessed using the Cox hazards model.

Results
A total of 30 patients (33 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: local recurrence, n = 27; residual tumor, n = 6) were included. The median endoscopic submucosal dissection procedure time was 40 min (interquartile range [IQR], 33–58.5 min). En bloc resection was achieved in 31 (94%) of 33 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cases. One patient with intraoperative perforation did not require surgical intervention and recovered with conservative treatment. A total of 16 patients (53%) had disease recurrence at a median follow-up of 51 months (IQR, 33–81 months). The 3-year overall, disease-specific, recurrence-free and local recurrence-free survival rates were 75%, 82%, 58% and 90%, respectively. The positive vertical margin, submucosal invasion in the endoscopic submucosal dissection specimen and piecemeal resection were significantly associated with disease recurrence after salvage endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Conclusions
Salvage endoscopic submucosal dissection is a feasible treatment for local failure after chemoradiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with acceptable long-term outcomes. However, for cases with positive vertical margins and submucosal invasion in the endoscopic submucosal dissection specimen, salvage endoscopic submucosal dissection outcomes were insufficient and additional treatment might be required.
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Associated With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Children: A Case Series From Mayotte Island
Authors: Cattaneo Chiara , Drean Maureen , Subiros Marion , Combe Patrice , Abasse Soumeth , Chamouine Abdourahim , Simon Thomas 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
During the COVID-19 outbreak in the French overseas department Mayotte, 11 children developed multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C). They all had a fever and gastrointestinal symptoms. Six patients were admitted to intensive care unit; management included intravenous immunoglobulin and corticosteroid. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was documented in all patients. The risk of developing MIS-C was much higher than in all of France.
A cut above the rest: oxidative stress in chronic wounds and the potential role of polyphenols as therapeutics
Authors: Johnson Joel B , Broszczak Daniel A , Mani Janice S , Anesi Jack , Naiker Mani 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The pathophysiology of chronic wounds typically involves redox imbalance and inflammation pathway dysregulation, often with concomitant microbial infection. Endogenous antioxidants such as glutathione and tocopherols are notably reduced or absent, indicative of significant oxidative imbalance. However, emerging evidence suggests that polyphenols could be effective agents for the amelioration of this condition. This review aims to summarise the current state of knowledge surrounding redox imbalance in the chronic wound environment and the potential use of polyphenols for the treatment of chronic wounds.

Key findings
Polyphenols provide a multi-faceted approach towards the treatment of chronic wounds. Firstly, their antioxidant activity allows direct neutralisation of harmful free radicals and reactive oxygen species, assisting in restoring redox balance. Upregulation of pro-healing and anti-inflammatory gene pathways and enzymes by specific polyphenols further acts to reduce redox imbalance and promote wound healing actions, such as proliferation, extracellular matrix deposition and tissue remodelling. Finally, many polyphenols possess antimicrobial activity, which can be beneficial for preventing or resolving infection of the wound site.

Summary
Exploration of this diverse group of natural compounds may yield effective and economical options for the prevention or treatment of chronic wounds.
Air Force Executive Nurse Leadership Impact: Brigadier General Diann Hale O’Connor, Air Force Nurse Corps Chief From 1982 to 1985
Authors: Hughes Vickie , Chow Sotera , Flanagan Eleni Doukakis 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
In the 1980s, nurses became more recognized as interprofessional healthcare partners who actively participated in the advancement of patient care and the nursing profession. There is a significant gap in the nursing literature about the significant contributions of executive military nurse leaders. The purpose of the interview with Brigadier General (Brig Gen) Hale O’Connor was to explore the personal stories, experiences, leadership strategies, lessons learned, and impact of her leadership on the future development of nursing as a profession.

Methods
The oral history method provided a framework for the interview and the analysis. In compliance with the Oral History Association guidelines, the primary investigator obtained Institutional Review Board permission, participant informed consent, and an audiotaped interview. A graduate research assistant transcribed the 3-hour audiotaped interview verbatim. The participant reviewed the transcription, provided clarification, and validated accuracy. Three independent coders extracted prevalent themes and subthemes during analysis. Researchers compared findings and reached a consensus when resolving minor discrepancies.

Results
Two broad thematic qualities, commitment to duty and fairness, emerged from the data with their respective subthemes. Subthemes of trust, patriotism, loyalty, and assiduousness supported the main theme of commitment to duty. Pillars of alignment, equality, and advocacy supported the broad theme of fairness.

Conclusion
Although the team did not use the Reina Trust Model as a framework, the trust-building behaviors emerged from the transcribed interview during the analysis. Surprisingly, many of the leadership strategies utilized by Brig Gen Hale O’Connor fit well into the Reina Trust Model, published 25 years following O’Connor’s tenure as Chief, Air Force Nurse Corps. In addition, several of Brig Gen Hale O’Connor’s leadership accomplishments are still relevant today, solidifying the observation that the foresight of Brig Gen Hale O’Connor was fundamental to the advancement of nursing during her tenure and for those who followed.
A systematic survey for z&lt; 0.04 CLAGNs
Authors: Senarath Madhooshi R , Brown Michael J I , Cluver Michelle E , Jarrett Thomas H , Wolf Christian , Ross Nicholas P , Lucey John R , Parkash Vaishali , Hon Wei J 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
We have conducted a systematic survey for z &lt; 0.04 active Galactic nuclei (AGNs) that may have changed spectral class over the past decade. We use SkyMapper, Pan-STARRS and the Véron-Cetty & Véron catalogue to search the entire sky for these ‘changing-look’ AGNs (CLAGNs) using a variety of selection methods, where Pan-STARRS has a coverage of 3$\pi$ steradians (sky north of Declination −30○) and SkyMapper has coverage of ∼21000 $~\rm {deg^2}$ (sky south of Declination 0○). We use small aperture photometry to measure how colour and flux have changed over time, where a change may indicate a change in spectral type. Optical colour and flux are used as a proxy for changing Hα equivalent width, while WISE 3.4 μm flux is used to look for changes in the hot dust component. We have identified four AGNs with varying spectra selected using our optical colour selection method. Three AGNs were confirmed from recent observations with WiFeS on the 2.3 m telescope at Siding Spring and the other was identified from archival spectra alone. From this, we identify two new CLAGNs; NGC 1346 and 2MASX J20075129–1108346. We also recover Mrk 915 and Mrk 609, which are known to have varying spectra in the literature, but they do not meet our specific criteria for CLAGNs.
Using Gaia DR2 to make a systematic comparison between two geometric distortion solutions
Authors: Zheng Z J , Peng Q Y , Lin F R 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Gaia Data Release 2 (Gaia DR2) provides high accuracy and precision astrometric parameters (position, parallax, and proper motion) for more than 1 billion sources and is revolutionizing astrometry. For a fast-moving target such as an asteroid, with many stars in the field of view that are brighter than the faint limit magnitude of Gaia (21 Gmag), its measurement accuracy and precision can be greatly improved by taking advantage of Gaia reference stars. However, if we want to study the relative motions of cluster members, we could cross-match them in different epochs based on pixel positions. For both types of targets, the determination of optical field-angle distortion or called geometric distortion (GD) in this paper is important for image calibration especially when there are few reference stars to build a high-order plate model. For the former, the GD solution can be derived based on the astrometric catalogue’s position, while for the latter, a reference system called ‘master frame’ is constructed from these observations in pixel coordinates, and then the GD solution is derived. But, are the two GD solutions in agreement with each other? In this paper, two types of GD solutions, which are derived either from the Gaia DR2 catalogue or from the self-constructed master frame, are applied respectively for the observations taken by 1-m telescope at Yunnan Observatory. It is found that two GD solutions enable the precision to achieve a comparable level (∼10 mas) but their GD patterns are different. Synthetic distorted positions are generated for further investigation into the discrepancy between the two GD solutions. We aim to find the correlation and distinction between the two types of GD solutions and their applicability in high precision astrometry.
Cosmic Ballet III: Halo spin evolution in the cosmic web
Authors: Ganeshaiah Veena Punyakoti , Cautun Marius , van de Weygaert Rien , Tempel Elmo , Frenk Carlos S 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
We explore the evolution of halo spins in the cosmic web using a very large sample of dark matter haloes in the Lambda cold dark matter Planck-Millennium N-body simulation. We use the nexus+ multiscale formalism to identify the hierarchy of filaments and sheets of the cosmic web at several redshifts. We find that at all times the magnitude of halo spins correlates with the web environment, being largest in filaments, and, for the first time, we show that it also correlates with filament thickness as well as the angle between spin orientation and the spine of the host filament. For example, massive haloes in thick filaments spin faster than their counterparts in thin filaments, while for low-mass haloes the reverse is true. We have also studied the evolution of alignment between halo spin orientations and the preferential axes of filaments and sheets. The alignment varies with halo mass, with the spins of low-mass haloes being predominantly along the filament spine, while those of high-mass haloes being predominantly perpendicular to the filament spine. On average, for all halo masses, halo spins become more perpendicular to the filament spine at later times. At all redshifts, the spin alignment shows a considerable variation with filament thickness, with the halo mass corresponding to the transition from parallel to perpendicular alignment varying by more than one order of magnitude. The cosmic web environmental dependence of halo spin magnitude shows little evolution for z ≤ 2 and is likely a consequence of the correlations in the initial conditions or high redshift effects.
Shape noise and dispersion in precision weak lensing
Authors: Gurri Pol , Taylor Edward N , Fluke Christopher J 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
We analyse the first measurements from precision weak lensing (PWL): a new methodology for measuring individual galaxy–galaxy weak lensing through velocity information. Our goal is to understand the observed shear distribution from PWL, which is broader than can be explained by the statistical measurement errors. We identify two possible sources of scatter to explain the observed distribution: a shape noise term associated with the underlying assumption of circular stable rotation, and an astrophysical signal consistent with a lognormal dispersion around the stellar-to-halo mass relation (SHMR). We have modelled the observed distribution as the combination of these two factors and quantified their most likely values given our data. For the current sample, we measure an effective shape noise of σγ = 0.024 ± 0.007, highlighting the low noise impact of the method and positioning PWL as ∼10 times more precise than conventional weak lensing. We also measure an average dispersion in shears of $\xi _\gamma = 0.53^{+0.26}_{-0.28}$ dex over the range of 8.5 &lt; log M⋆ &lt; 11. This measurement is higher than expected, which is suggestive of a relatively high dispersion in halo mass and/or profile.
Pix2Prof: fast extraction of sequential information from galaxy imagery via a deep natural language ‘captioning’ model
Authors: Smith Michael J , Arora Nikhil , Stone Connor , Courteau Stéphane , Geach James E 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
We present ‘Pix2Prof’, a deep learning model that can eliminate any manual steps taken when measuring galaxy profiles. We argue that a galaxy profile of any sort is conceptually similar to a natural language image caption. This idea allows us to leverage image captioning methods from the field of natural language processing, and so we design Pix2Prof as a float sequence ‘captioning’ model suitable for galaxy profile inference. We demonstrate the technique by approximating a galaxy surface brightness (SB) profile fitting method that contains several manual steps. Pix2Prof processes ∼1 image per second on an Intel Xeon E5-2650 v3 CPU, improving on the speed of the manual interactive method by more than two orders of magnitude. Crucially, Pix2Prof requires no manual interaction, and since galaxy profile estimation is an embarrassingly parallel problem, we can further increase the throughput by running many Pix2Prof instances simultaneously. In perspective, Pix2Prof would take under an hour to infer profiles for 105 galaxies on a single NVIDIA DGX-2 system. A single human expert would take approximately 2 yr to complete the same task. Automated methodology such as this will accelerate the analysis of the next generation of large area sky surveys expected to yield hundreds of millions of targets. In such instances, all manual approaches – even those involving a large number of experts – will be impractical.
Radiative shocks around super-eddington accreting black holes
Authors: Okuda Toru , Singh Chandra B 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
We examine radiative standing shocks in advective accretion flows around stellar-mass black holes by 2D radiation hydrodynamic simulations, focusing on the super-Eddington accreting flow. Under a set of input flow parameters responsible for the standing shock, the shock location on the equator decreases towards the event horizon with an increasing accretion rate. The optically thin and hot gas in the narrow funnel region along the rotational axis changes gradually into a dense and optically thick state with the increasingly dense gas transported from the base of the radiative shock near the equator. As a result, the luminosity becomes as high as ∼1040 erg s−1, and the radiation shows a strongly anisotropic distribution around the rotational axis and then very low edge-on luminosity as ∼1036 erg s−1. The mass outflow rate from the outer boundary is high as ∼10−5 and $10^{-4} \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ yr−1 but most of the outflow is originated through the radial outer boundary and may be observed over a wide wind region. The models show approximately blackbody spectra with a temperature of 5 × 106–3 × 107 K at the vertical outer boundary surface. The radiative shock models with the super-Eddington luminosities show a possible model for the superaccretor SS 433 and ultraluminous X-ray sources with stellar-mass black holes.
MMT spectroscopy of Lyman-alpha at z ≃ 7: evidence for accelerated reionization around massive galaxies
Authors: Endsley Ryan , Stark Daniel P , Charlot Stéphane , Chevallard Jacopo , Robertson Brant , Bouwens Rychard J , Stefanon Mauro 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Reionization-era galaxies tend to exhibit weak Ly α emission, likely reflecting attenuation from an increasingly neutral IGM. Recent observations have begun to reveal exceptions to this picture, with strong Ly α emission now known in four of the most massive z = 7–9 galaxies in the CANDELS fields, all of which also exhibit intense [O iii]+H β emission (EW &gt; 800 Å). To better understand why Ly α is anomalously strong in a subset of massive z ≃ 7–9 galaxies, we have initiated an MMT/Binospec survey targeting a larger sample (N = 22) of similarly luminous (≃1–6 L$^{\ast }_{\mathrm{UV}}$) z ≃ 7 galaxies selected over very wide-area fields (∼3 deg2). We confidently (&gt;7σ) detect Ly α in 78 per cent (7/9) of galaxies with strong [O iii]+H β emission (EW &gt; 800 Å) as opposed to only 8 per cent (1/12) of galaxies with more moderate (EW = 200–800 Å) [O iii]+H β. We argue that the higher Ly α EWs of the strong [O iii]+H β population likely reflect enhanced ionizing photon production efficiency owing to their large sSFRs (≳30 Gyr−1). We also find evidence that Ly α transmission from massive galaxies declines less rapidly over 6 &lt; z &lt; 7 than in low-mass lensed systems. In particular, our data suggest no strong evolution in Ly α transmission, consistent with a picture wherein massive z ≃ 7 galaxies often reside in large ionized regions. We detect three closely separated (R = 1.7 physical Mpc) z ≃ 7 Ly α emitters in our sample, conceivably tracing a large ionized structure that is consistent with this picture. We detect tentative evidence for an overdensity in this region, implying a large ionizing photon budget in the surrounding volume.