bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childless Women’s Relationships with Children of Others: Narratives from Two Generations in Lithuania
Authors: Šumskaitė Lina , Gedvilaitė-Kordušienė Margarita 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA childless woman who lives in a society with pronatalist values can be in a vulnerable position. In 2006, only 1.9% of Lithuanians expressed positive attitudes about childlessness, and 84.6% valued it negatively (Stakuniene and Maslauskaite 2008), signalling the pronatalist tendency of Lithuanian society. However, some studies confirm a shift from traditional to more individualistic familial attitudes (Kanopienė et al. 2015). This chapter investigates the relationship between childless women from two generations in Lithuania and the children of these women’s relatives or friends. The analysis is based on 40 semi-structured qualitative interviews conducted in 2017–2018 with single and coupled women between the ages of 28 and 71 who are voluntarily and involuntarily childless. The women of reproductive age were considering their intentions to have or not have children in the future, and some were going through infertility treatments; women over 50 reflected on permanent childlessness. Most of the interviewed women were involved in taking care of their siblings’ or close relatives’ children during a period in their lives, and in some cases, these women became substitute parents. Only a few women stated that they avoided contact with children in their personal lives.
AdS
5 × S5 supergravity vertex operators
Authors: Fleury Thiago , Martins Lucas N. S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In any type II superstring background, the supergravity vertex operators in the pure spinor formalism are described by a gauge superfield. In this paper, we obtain for the first time an explicit expression for this superfield in an AdS5 × S5 background. Previously, the vertex operators were only known close to the boundary of AdS5 or in the minus eight picture. Our strategy for the computation was to apply eight picture raising operators in the minus eight picture vertices. In the process, a huge number of terms are generated and we have developed numerical techniques to perform intermediary simplifications. Alternatively, the same numerical techniques can be used to compute the vertices directly in the zero picture by constructing a basis of invariants and fitting for the coefficients. One motivation for constructing the vertex operators is the computation of AdS5 × S5 string amplitudes.
The efficacy of event isotropy as an event shape observable
Authors: Cesarotti Cari , Reece Matthew , Strassler Matthew J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Event isotropy $$ {\mathcal{I}}^{\mathrm{sph}} $$

I
sph

, an event shape observable that measures the distance of a final state from a spherically symmetric state, is designed for new physics signals that are far from QCD-like. Using a new technique [1] for producing a wide variety of signals that can range from near-spherical to jetty, we compare event isotropy to other observables. We show that thrust T and the C parameter (and λmax, the largest eigenvalue of the sphericity matrix) are strongly correlated and thus redundant, to a good approximation. By contrast, event isotropy adds considerable information, often serving to break degeneracies between signals that would have almost identical T and C distributions. Signals with broad distributions in T (or λmax) and in $$ {\mathcal{I}}^{\mathrm{sph}} $$

I
sph

separately often have much narrower distributions, and are more easily distinguished, in the ($$ {\mathcal{I}}^{\mathrm{sph}} $$

I
sph

, λmax) plane. An intuitive, semi-analytic estimation technique clarifies why this is the case and assists with the interpretation of the distributions.
Generic one-loop matching conditions for rare meson decays
Authors: Bishara Fady , Brod Joachim , Gorbahn Martin , Moldanazarova Ulserik 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Leptonic and semileptonic meson decays that proceed via flavour-changing neutral currents provide excellent probes of physics of the standard model and beyond. We present explicit results for the Wilson coefficients of the weak effective Lagrangian for these decays in any perturbative model in which these processes proceed via one-loop contributions. We explicitly show that our results are finite and gauge independent, and provide Mathematica code that implements our results in an easily usable form.
Existence and Nonexistence of Positive Solutions for Singular (p, q)-Equations with Superdiffusive Perturbation
Authors: Papageorgiou Nikolaos S. , Winkert Patrick 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe consider a nonlinear Dirichlet problem driven by the (p, q)-Laplacian and with a reaction which is parametric and exhibits the combined effects of a singular term and of a superdiffusive one. We prove an existence and nonexistence result for positive solutions depending on the value of the parameter $$\lambda \in \overset{\circ }{{\mathbb {R}}}_+=(0,+\infty )$$

λ
∈

R
∘

+

=

(
0
,
+
∞
)

.
Manikins versus simulated patients in emergency medicine training: a comparative analysis
Authors: Sterz Jasmina , Gutenberger Niklas , Stefanescu Maria-Christina , Zinßer Uwe , Bepler Lena , Linßen Svea , Schäfer Verena , Carstensen Patrick , Verboket René Danilo , Adili Farzin , Ruesseler Miriam 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeEvery physician must be able to sufficiently master medical emergencies, especially in medical areas where emergencies occur frequently such as in the emergency room or emergency surgery. This contrasts with the observation that medical students and young residents often feel insufficiently prepared to handle medical emergencies. It is therefore necessary to train them in the treatment of emergency patients. The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of the assignment of manikin versus simulated patients during a training for undergraduate medical students on learning outcomes and the perceived realism.MethodsThe study had a prospective cross-over design and took place in a 3-day emergency medicine training for undergraduate medical students. Students completed three teaching units (‘chest pain’, ‘impaired consciousness’, ‘dyspnea’), either with manikin or simulated patient. Using a questionnaire after each unit, overall impression, didactics, content, the quality of practical exercises, and the learning success were evaluated. The gained competences were measured in a 6-station objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) at the end of training.Results126 students participated. Students rated simulated patients as significantly more realistic than manikins regarding the possibility to carry out examination techniques and taking medical history. 54.92% of the students would prefer to train with simulated patients in the future. Regarding the gained competences for ‘chest pain’ and ‘impaired consciousness’, students who trained with a manikin scored less in the OSCE station than the simulated patients-group.ConclusionSimulated patients are rated more realistic than manikins and seem to be superior to manikins regarding gained competence.
Impact on polytrauma patient prehospital care during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Solà-Muñoz Silvia , Yuguero Oriol , Azeli Youcef , Roig Guillermo , Prieto-Arruñada José Antonio , Español Jaume , Morales-Álvarez Jorge , Muñoz Manuel , Verge Juan José , Jiménez-Fàbrega Xavier 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
The extraordinary situation caused by the onset of COVID-19 has meant that at prehospital level, the number of treatments, profile and time taken to respond for treating time-dependent pathologies has been greatly affected. However, it is not known whether the prehospital profile of polytrauma patients (PTP) has been affected.

Objective
To determine differences in the epidemiological characteristics and the clinical variables of prehospital polytrauma patients during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Catalonia.

Methodology
Analytical cross-sectional study. The number of prehospital activations and the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of polytrauma patients attended by the Emergency Medical System (EMS) of Catalonia, were compared for the period between 15 February and 15 May 2020 and the same period in the previous year. Priorities 0 and 1 are assigned to the most severely injured patients. An analysis was conducted using logistic regression and nonparametric tests.

Results
3023 patients were included. During the 2019 study period, 2045 (67.6%) patients were treated; however, during the pandemic period, 978 (32.4%) patients were treated, representing a 52% decrease (p = 0.002). The percentage of patients presenting priority 1 was higher during the pandemic period [240 (11.7%) vs 146 (14.9%), p = 0.032]. The percentage of priority 0 and 1 patients attended by a basic life support unit increased [201 (9.8%) vs 133 (13.6%), p = 0.006]. The number of traffic accidents decreased from 1211 (59.2%) to 522 (53.4%) and pedestrian-vehicle collisions fell from 249 (12.2%) to 92 (9.4%). Regarding weapon-related injuries and burns, there was an increase in the number of cases [43 (2.1%) vs 41 (4.2%), and 15 (0.7%) vs 22 (2.2%), p = 0.002 and p < 0.001, respectively]. Hospital mortality remained unchanged (3.9%).

Conclusions
During the first wave of the pandemic, the number of polytrauma patients decreased and there was a change in the profile of severity and type of accident.
Efficacy of tracheal tube introducers and stylets for endotracheal intubation in the prehospital setting: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tollman Jaden , Ahmed Zubair 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Tracheal tube introducers and stylets remain some of the most widely used devices for aiding practitioners in performing endotracheal intubation (ETI). The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the efficacy of tracheal tube introducers and stylets for ETI in the prehospital setting.

Methods
A literature search was conducted on the 2nd of March 2021 across PubMed, Embase (Ovid) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) to identify relevant studies. Included studies had their data extracted and both a quality assessment and statistical analysis were performed.

Results
The summary estimate of prehospital studies with video technology showed a statistically significant increase in first pass ETI success in favour of bougies (RR 1.15, CI 1.10–1.21, p < 0.0001). The summary estimates of prehospital studies without video technology and simulation studies with and without video technology showed no statistical difference between methods for first pass or overall ETI success. Some of the highest success rates were recorded by devices that incorporated video technology. Stylets lead to a shorter time to ETI while bougies were easier to use. Neither device was associated with a higher rate of ETI complications than the other.

Conclusion
Both tracheal tube introducers and stylets function as efficacious aids to intubation in the prehospital environment. Where video technology is available, bougies could offer a statistically significant advantage in terms of first pass ETI success. Where video technology is unavailable, a combination of clinical scenario, practitioner expertise and personal preference might ultimately guide the choice of device.
Effects of medical service fee revision on reducing irrational psychotropic polypharmacy in Japan: an interrupted time-series analysis
Authors: Okada Yusuke , Akazawa Manabu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
According to the revised Japanese medical service fees aimed at reducing irrational psychotropic polypharmacy, medical service fees are reduced if the number of simultaneously prescribed psychotropic drugs exceeds the standard. This study primarily aims to examine the effect of the 2018 revision.

Methods
Using a large Japanese administrative claims database, we retrospectively identified five groups (April 2013–September 2018) prescribed at least one drug from the following drug groups: anxiolytics, hypnotics, sum of anxiolytics and hypnotics, antipsychotics, and antidepressants (study population in each group: 547,511, 406,524, 759,137, 112,929, and 201,046, respectively). We used an interrupted time-series design to evaluate changes in the proportion of patients prescribed more than the standard number of drugs.

Results
After the 2018 revision, the proportion of patients prescribed more than the standard number of drugs significantly decreased only for the sum of anxiolytics and hypnotics; estimated changes in level and trend were − 0.60% [− 0.69%, − 0.52%] and − 0.04% [− 0.06%, − 0.02%] per month, respectively. The proportion of patients exhibiting a decrease in the number of prescribed drugs from more than the standard to within the standard increased when the revision was enforced (April 2018); this proportion in April 2018 was 36.3%, while all other proportions were in the range of 12.1–22.3%.

Conclusion
The 2018 revision promoted a reduction in the number of prescribed drugs, which served as an important factor in the decrease in the proportion of patients prescribed more than the standard number of drugs for the sum of anxiolytics and hypnotics.
Thermodynamic compatibility conditions of a new class of hysteretic materials
Authors: Sessa Salvatore 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe thermodynamic compatibility defined by the Drucker postulate applied to a phenomenological hysteretic material, belonging to a recently formulated class, is hereby investigated. Such a constitutive model is defined by means of a set of algebraic functions so that it does not require any iterative procedure to compute the response and its tangent operator. In this sense, the model is particularly feasible for dynamic analysis of structures. Moreover, its peculiar formulation permits the computation of thermodynamic compatibility conditions in closed form. It will be shown that, in general, the fulfillment of the Drucker postulate for arbitrary displacement ranges requires strong limitations of the constitutive parameters. Nevertheless, it is possible to determine a displacement compatibility range for arbitrary sets of parameters so that the Drucker postulate is fulfilled as long as the displacement amplitude does not exceed the computed threshold. Numerical applications are provided to test the computed compatibility conditions.
Unsteady lifting-line theory and the influence of wake vorticity on aerodynamic loads
Authors: Bird Hugh J. A. , Ramesh Kiran 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFrequency-domain unsteady lifting-line theory (ULLT) provides a means by which the aerodynamics of oscillating wings may be studied at low computational cost without neglecting the interacting effects of aspect ratio and oscillation frequency. Renewed interest in the method has drawn attention to several uncertainties however. Firstly, to what extent is ULLT practically useful for rectangular wings, despite theoretical limitations? And secondly, to what extent is a complicated wake model needed in the outer solution for good accuracy? This paper aims to answer these questions by presenting a complete ULLT based on the work of Sclavounos, along with a novel ULLT that considers only the streamwise vorticity and a Prandtl-like pseudosteady ULLT. These are compared to Euler CFD for cases of rectangular wings at multiple aspect ratios and oscillation frequencies. The results of this work establish ULLT as a low computational cost model capable of accounting for interacting finite-wing and oscillation frequency effects and identify the aspect ratio and frequency regimes where the three ULLTs are most accurate. This research paves the way towards the construction of time-domain or numerical ULLTs which may be augmented to account for nonlinearities such as flow separation.
Characterization of microstructure and selected properties of SnSbCu alloy after FSP
Authors: Hrabia-Wiśnios Joanna , Leszczyńska-Madej Beata , Madej Marcin , Węglowska Aleksandra 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe paper presents the results of research on the microstructure and selected mechanical properties of the SnSbCu-bearing alloy after friction stir processing (FSP). The Whorl tool was used for modification; the process was carried out using two rotational speeds of the tool: 280 and 450 RPM and a constant linear speed of 355 mm/min. Microstructure studies were performed employing the techniques of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy along with analysis of the chemical composition of micro-areas. Additionally, the phase composition was investigated by means of the X-ray diffraction method and statistical analysis of the precipitates present in the investigated alloy. In addition, hardness, flexural strength, and uniaxial compression tests were performed before and after FSP modification. It was proved that using FSP to modify the SnSbCu alloy promotes refinement and homogenization of the microstructure, as well as improvement of the flexural strength, whereas no changes in the hardness level were found.
Whole-body Computed Tomography Versus Dual Energy X‑ray Absorptiometry for Assessing Heterotopic Ossification in Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva
Authors: Warner Sarah E. , Kaplan Frederick S. , Pignolo Robert J. , Smith Stacy E. , Hsiao Edward C. , De Cunto Carmen , Di Rocco Maja , Harnett Kathleen , Grogan Donna , Genant Harry K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an ultra-rare genetic disorder that leads to heterotopic ossification (HO), resulting in progressive restriction of physical function. In this study, low-dose, whole-body computed tomography (WBCT) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were evaluated to determine the preferred method for assessing total body burden of HO in patients with FOP. This was a non-interventional, two-part natural history study in patients with FOP (NCT02322255; date of registration: December 2014). In Part A (described here), WBCT and DXA scans were individually assessed for HO presence and severity across 15 anatomical regions. All images were independently reviewed by an expert imaging panel. Ten adult patients were enrolled across four sites. The sensitivity to HO presence and severity varied considerably between the two imaging modalities, with WBCT demonstrating HO in more body regions than DXA (76/138 [55%] versus 47/113 [42%]) evaluable regions). Inability to evaluate HO presence, due to overlapping body regions (positional ambiguity), occurred less frequently by WBCT than by DXA (mean number of non-evaluable regions per scan 1.2 [standard deviation: 1.5] versus 2.4 [1.4]). Based on the increased sensitivity and decreased positional ambiguity of low-dose WBCT versus DXA in measuring HO in patients with FOP, low-dose WBCT was chosen as the preferred imaging for measuring HO. Therefore, low-dose WBCT was carried forward to Part B of the natural history study, which evaluated disease progression over 36 months in a larger population of patients with FOP.
An Evaluation of Fish Tissue Monitoring Alternatives for Mercury and Selenium: Fish Muscle Biopsy Samples Versus Homogenized Whole Fillets
Authors: Stahl Leanne L. , Snyder Blaine D. , McCarty Harry B. , Cohen Tara R. , Miller Kenneth M. , Fernandez Mark B. , Healey John C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFish contaminant studies with human health protection objectives typically focus on muscle tissue, recognizing that fillets are the commonly consumed tissue fraction. Muscle biopsy punch sampling for mercury analysis has recently been used as an alternative to harvesting fish for fillets; however, there is limited information comparing fillet plug results to whole fillet results. This study was conducted to address that data gap and to test the applicability of plugs for monitoring associated with United States Environmental Protection Agency’s fish tissue-based mercury and selenium water quality criteria. The mercury phase included 300 fillet homogenates and 300 field-extracted plug samples from 60 fish, and the selenium phase included 120 fillet homogenates and 120 plugs from 30 fish. Both phases showed that there were no statistically significant differences between fillet plug and homogenized fillet results at the community level; however, a selenium plug monitoring alternative must employ a sufficiently sensitive analytical method and consider total solids. Plug and fillet sampling alternatives have inherent advantages and disadvantages. Fillet sampling provides sufficient mass to consider multiple contaminants but requires fish to be harvested. Plug sampling only provides adequate mass for a single analyte but may allow fish survival, although additional research is needed on survival following plug removal.
The Results of Sentinel Node Mapping for Patients with Clinically Early Staged Gastric Cancer Diagnosed with pT2/deeper Tumors
Authors: Takeuchi Masashi , Kawakubo Hirofumi , Shimada Ayako , Hoshino Shota , Matsuda Satoru , Mayanagi Shuhei , Irino Tomoyuki , Fukuda Kazumasa , Nakamura Rieko , Wada Norihito , Takeuchi Hiroya , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundSentinel node (SN) mapping based on the SN concept has been applied to early gastric cancer. However, it is still controversial whether or not the oncological safety is ensured in case pathological stage was advanced in these patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the validity of SN mapping in patients with clinically early staged gastric cancer diagnosed with pT2/deeper tumors.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 40 patients with a diagnosis of cT1N0 or cT2N0 single‐lesion gastric cancer who were shown to have pT2 or deeper tumors after gastrectomy with SN mapping. We adopted a dual‐tracer method using a radioactive colloid and blue dye to detect SNs. The diagnostic accuracy and distribution of SNs at each tumor site were analyzed.ResultsOf the 40 patients, 24 (60%) were postoperatively diagnosed as pT2, and 16 (40%) as pT3 or T4. SNs were detected in all patients. The false negative rate was 9% (1/11), and in that patient, the non‐SN metastasis was observed within the SN basin. Diagnostic accuracy was 98% (39/40). Overall distribution of SNs was similar to that for patients with early gastric cancer. No significant differences in overall and recurrence‐free survival were observed between the patients who underwent standard gastrectomy and those who underwent function‐preserving gastrectomy, based on the results of SN mapping.ConclusionsOur results confirmed validity of SN mapping for patients with clinically early staged gastric cancer diagnosed with pT2/deeper tumors after gastrectomy. Closed surveillance without additional surgical treatment is an option for these patients.
Loss of CD22 expression and expansion of a CD22dim subpopulation in adults with relapsed/refractory B-lymphoblastic leukaemia after treatment with Inotuzumab-Ozogamicin
Authors: Reinert Jochim , Beitzen-Heineke Antonia , Wethmar Klaus , Stelljes Matthias , Fiedler Walter , Schwartz Stefan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTreatment options for relapsed or refractory B-lymphoblastic leukaemia (r/r B-ALL) are limited and the prognosis of these patients remains dismal, but novel immunotherapeutic options such as the anti-CD22 antibody–drug-conjugate Inotuzumab-Ozogamicin (InO) have improved outcomes in these patients. Flow cytometry is essential to assess antigen-expression prior to treatment initiation of antigen-directed immunotherapies. Here, we present flow cytometric and clinical data of three adult patients with r/r B-ALL who failed treatment with InO associated with reduced or lost antigen-expression. In addition, we present comparative data on two different diagnostic CD22-specific antibody clones that exhibit significant differences in staining intensities.