bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual Constituent Power
Authors: Patberg Markus 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This chapter addresses the public narrative of ‘We, the people and peoples of Europe’, which presents constituent power in the EU as shared between a European demos and the national demoi, and examines whether it amounts to a systematic model that withstands critical scrutiny. For this purpose, it draws on the political theory of split popular sovereignty, which interprets the EU as a federation (Bund) based on the democratic pillars of European citizens and European peoples. The chapter argues that Jürgen Habermas’s hypothetical notion of a pouvoir constituant mixte, which projects constituent power into the past, can be developed into a future-oriented model for actual decision-making in EU constitutional politics based on Habermas’s own idea of a permanent founding. Assessing the plausibility of this view, the chapter argues that the idea of dual constituent power avoids some of the shortcomings of regional cosmopolitanism and demoi-cracy, but also entails a problematic pre-commitment to the preservation of the EU member states, perplexingly stratifies constituent power across national and supranational levels, and blurs the procedural-institutional line between constituent and constituted powers.
A Permanent Constitutional Assembly
Authors: Patberg Markus 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This chapter presents an institutional proposal for how citizens could be enabled—in the dual role of European and national citizens—to exercise constituent power in the EU. To explain in abstract terms what an institutional solution would have to involve, it draws on the notion of a sluice system, according to which the particular value of representative bodies consists in their capacity to provide both transmission and filter functions for democratic processes. On this basis, the chapter critically discusses the proposal that the Conference of Parliamentary Committees for Union Affairs of Parliaments of the European Union (COSAC) should transform itself into an inter-parliamentary constitutional assembly. As this model allows constituted powers to continue to operate as the EU’s de facto constituent powers, it cannot be expected to deliver the functions of a sluice system. The chapter goes on to argue that a more convincing solution would be to turn the Convention of Article 48 of the Treaty on European Union into a permanent constitutional assembly composed of two chambers, one elected by EU citizens and the other by member state citizens. The chapter outlines the desirable features of such an assembly and defends the model against a number of possible objections.
Self-Knowledge and Despair
Authors: Ware Owen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
It is one thing to show that we are the kind of beings for whom morality applies, and quite another to show that our moral aspirations are on the right track. The latter raises a question of moral self-knowledge, since it asks how we as individuals can have assurance that our moral progress is genuine. This chapter argues that a new form of despair emerges from the question of how we can trust our own aspirations to live a virtuous life. The problem concerns either our tendency to self-deception or our inability to know our underlying intentions—two sides of Kant’s opacity thesis. This chapter argues that Kant’s effort to resolve the issue of moral self-knowledge leads him, in Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason and the Metaphysics of Morals, to a theory of conscience.
Arnold Bennett
Authors: Jones Charlotte 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Virginia Woolf’s accusation that ‘Life escapes’ from the aesthetic horizons of Bennett’s fiction has long haunted his critical reception. Chapter 3 therefore turns to the function of description within realism, arguing that Bennett does not conceptually prioritize either the particulars, as Woolf argued, or the aggregated scene, as in Barthes’s ‘reality effect’, where the specificities of detail are secondary to its ideological function. The solid superficies for which Bennett has become infamous never constitute individual atoms of meaning, for he insists on both the particularity of a given scene and its transient coherence as a totality. This stereoptic effect mobilizes a searching scepticism as to reality’s appearances, which makes Bennett aim at what is at once both a more abstract and a more concrete notion of truth, one whose material manifestations carry with it the mark of its relation to a whole range of universal truths of which it is part. In this, Bennett acknowledges a debt to the ‘synthetic philosophy’ of Herbert Spencer. By examining more closely the influence of Spencer’s metaphysics on Bennett’s realist aesthetics, and focusing on Bennett’s novels together with his numerous critical writings, this chapter gives long-overdue attention to an often neglected figure in modern British literature.
Degeneration, Eugenics, and The Playboy of the Western World
Authors: Hewitt Seán 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This chapter considers Synge’s controversial, riot-inducing masterpiece, The Playboy of the Western World (1907). Playboy, as a form of discursive retribution against certain restrictive politics, deploys a drama of sexual selection in a degenerated landscape in order to posit ironic humour, imaginative freedom, and ‘savage’ violence as a revitalizing impulse. Beginning with a curious phonetic letter sent to Synge by his friend, this chapter explores the themes of evolutionism, degeneration, and irony discussed in previous chapters, showing how Synge’s writing interacted with contemporary eugenicist discourses but posited the case for social and economic regeneration (rather than ‘race improvement’) as an antidote. Against this background, the chapter demonstrates that The Playboy is the apotheosis of Synge’s increasingly modernist, increasingly political, drama. For him, nationalist orthodoxies and certain forms of economic and social modernization were degenerative, and The Playboy purposefully acts as a sort of ironic protest against this. The chapter concludes by showing that writers such as W. B. Yeats, and later the playwright Teresa Deevy in her The King of Spain’s Daughter (1937), recognized Synge’s literary and political radicalism before he was effectively canonized as a cultivator of a Romantic cult of the peasant. Synge’s modernism, as The Playboy of the Western World shows most clearly, is simultaneously a form of political and literary protest. Rooted in his socialism and informed by his long-standing engagement with modernization, it is the apotheosis of his tendency towards a literary experiment which works in tandem with an ever-developing political, social, and aesthetic consciousness.
History in Three Dimensions
Authors: Goode Mike 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The chapter analyzes how the nineteenth century’s two most significant immersive media—panoramas and stereoscopic photographs—comment on and draw attention to their differences as media through their respective uses of Walter Scott’s novels and poems, and, in turn, how these medial differences bring into relief the aesthetic and philosophical novelty of Scott’s own efforts to write visually. To make its argument, the chapter draws on a wide variety of archives and forms of evidence, including: period guidebooks to panoramas; the histories of media technologies like camera obscuras, linear perspective, and stereoscopes; Victorian stereographs of Scotland, especially by George Washington Wilson; readings of visually evocative passages in Scott’s Waverley, Ivanhoe, and The Fair Maid of Perth; Eugène Delacroix’s painting Rebecca and the Wounded Ivanhoe; and Romantic writings on optics and vision, including Scott’s Letters on Demonology and Witchcraft and his friend David Brewster’s scientific treatises on monocular and binocular vision.
Capability Jane
Authors: Goode Mike 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The chapter contends that Jane Austen’s novel Mansfield Park, through its rhetorical and conceptual overlaps with eighteenth-century landscape design, does not align its realist project with representing reality so much as with revealing reality’s capabilities, thereby associating Austenian realism metaphysically and medially with the ecological consciousness and experimentation of landscaping. Contrary to familiar leftist critiques of landscape gardening’s political meanings and abhorrent social effects, the chapter uncovers the conceptual overlaps between, on the one hand, the ecological consciousness and design vocabulary of eighteenth-century landscape theorists like Humphry Repton and Richard Payne Knight, and, on the other hand, contemporary formalism and Gilles Deleuze’s conception of the virtuality extant in any reality. The chapter then traces how Mansfield Park reworks this ecological consciousness and design vocabulary (affordances, allowances, capabilities), arguing that Austen theorizes the novel form as a design medium wherein narrative is just a contingent ecological experiment.
Whose Health Is It, Anyway?
Authors: Davies Sally , Pearson-Stuttard Jonathan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This book outlines why health, individually and collectively, is the greatest untapped opportunity for prosperity and happiness in the 21st century and introduces the concept of total health as a tool for valuing health. The most significant flaw in health systems today is a failure to value health but instead to count the costs of ill health, and the authors examine why this should be so from a range of perspectives. The costs of ill health are explored not only as an increasing portion of government spend, but also in relation to wider society, where entrenched inequalities result in the clustering of poor health, low educational attainment, and poor job prospects. The ways in which our health and the drivers of health have evolved are described, and their roles in preventing individuals from living well, learning, and working, are identified. The healthcare system is also examined, and revealed to be an illness service with little resilience, importing illness rather than exporting health, and failing to leverage the digital and technological innovations harnessed by other industries. The authors call for health to be valued, rather than ill health costed, and describe a 21st-century healthcare system that expands the NHS from an illness service to a true, total health service. COVID-19 has shown how vulnerable societies, economies, and daily lives are to ill health. This book demonstrates that, by valuing the pivotal role of health, societies could look to a happier and more prosperous future.
Are we healthy? It’s complicated
Authors: and Davies 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This chapter introduces the concept of ‘total health’, which includes physical, mental, and social health, and also the underlying drivers that influence them. In England, the Department of Health and Social Care spends more than 95% of its budget on the National Health Service, which could be better described as the National Illness Service because health tends to be defined as what it is not, rather than a holistic state of well-being; ill health is what gets attention. The World Health Organization (WHO) has a different perspective, and defines health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Total health captures the WHO definition and its wider ramifications. This chapter examines two aspects of total health: the issues inherent in how health is viewed today and the role societal inequalities play in damaging health and life chances.
Leon Battista Alberti’s Porcaria coniuratio
Authors: Celati Marta 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The second chapter focuses on Leon Battista Alberti’s Porcaria coniuratio, the historical epistle on Stefano Porcari’s conspiracy against pope Nicholas V written immediately after the thwarted plot in 1453. The political perspective underlying Alberti’s text does not reflect a merely propagandistic view, but conversely is the expression of a complex and ambiguous political reading of the events. The analysis aims to shed light on Alberti’s unsettled political view, by examining not only the ideological standpoint that emerges in the epistle, but also the rhetorical and stylistic elements that permeate this work. In particular, specific attention is paid to both the choice of the epistolary genre, which is employed to produce a historiographical work and is combined with other literary forms, and the studied use of various classical models (Sallust, satirical authors, Cicero, etc.). The examination of this text, which is read in connection with other works by Alberti, reveals the humanist’s view on historiography, which occupies a pivotal position in the lively fifteenth-century debate on historical writing. Moreover, the analysis shows how the complex rhetorical and stylistic framework of the Porcaria coniuratio implicitly conveys Alberti’s uneasy political thought, which proves to be completely distant from any sympathy with the plotter. Although the epistle is informed by a questioning approach, it reveals the humanist’s disapproval of any attempt at overthrowing established governments. It also betrays Alberti’s problematizing attitude towards political power and his unresolved view on the intricate Roman political background.
‘Congiure contro a uno principe’
Authors: Celati Marta 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The final chapter examines the relationship between Machiavelli’s work and fifteenth-century literature on conspiracies. The analysis highlights the role that this humanist literature played in the development of Machiavelli’s complex theorization of conspiracies as a political phenomenon, but it also underlines how, although he was influenced by this background, he also radically departed from it. Machiavelli dealt with this political subject in several sections of his works: in particular in his long chapter Delle congiure in the Discorsi (III, 6), which can be considered a comprehensive treatise on plots; in chapter XIX of Il principe; and in some significant chapters of the Istorie fiorentine, where Machiavelli narrates the conspiracies that took place in Italy in the previous centuries. He was the first author to develop a substantial theorization of political plots and he based it on concrete historical examples drawn from previous narratives and from ancient history. Machiavelli’s analysis of conspiracies shares some key elements with the political perspective underlying fifteenth-century literature on plots: his focus on the figure of the prince as the main target of the conspiracy; the importance assigned to the role of the common people and to the issue of building political consensus; the attention paid to internal enemies and internal matters within the state, rather than to the relationship with foreign political forces; the evolution in the analytical approach regarding tyranny and tyrannicide; the centrality of the notion of crimen laesae maiestatis; the emphasis on the negative political outcome of plots.
Introduction
Authors: Schimmelfennig Frank , Winzen Thomas , Lenz Tobias , Rocabert Jofre , Crasnic Loriana , Gherasimov Cristina , Lipps Jana , Mumford Densua 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This chapter introduces the research puzzle and the argument of the book. In addition, it gives an overview of the book’s structure and chapters. The chapter briefly describes how international organizations have increasingly created or affiliated international parliamentary institutions (IPIs) without endowing them with relevant institutional powers. Quantitative without qualitative international parliamentarization is the core puzzle of the study, for which widespread accounts of functional delegation and norm internalization do not provide a satisfactory answer. The chapter presents the book’s argument about IPIs as instruments of strategic legitimation and highlights the organizational, domestic, and international conditions conducive to international parliamentarization. It concludes with a summary of the content and findings of the following chapters.
Strategic democratic legitimation
Authors: Schimmelfennig Frank , Winzen Thomas , Lenz Tobias , Rocabert Jofre , Crasnic Loriana , Gherasimov Cristina , Lipps Jana , Mumford Densua 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This chapter lays out the theoretical framework for the study of international parliamentary institutions (IPIs). First, it argues that IPIs display few of the functional benefits that are commonly associated with the delegation of competences to international institutions. Second, it claims that the assumption of normatively committed member states of international organizations (IOs) does not explain either the weakness of IPIs, their appearance in many IOs composed of non-democratic states, or their absence from IOs with a solid democratic membership. Third, we suggest that the creation and empowerment of IPIs is better understood as a legitimation strategy that governments employ strategically in response to challenges to the legitimacy of the organization. Maintaining or improving the legitimacy of an IO is important because it enhances the stability of cooperation and prevents the disruption of its operation, and international parliamentarization is specifically useful when democratic legitimacy is the standard by which relevant audiences judge an IO. Finally, we identify six structural conditions that generate variation in the normative cost–benefit calculus of governments. These relate to institutional characteristics of the IO itself (authority, purpose, and scope), as well as its domestic and international environment (democracy, governance failure, and diffusion).
The Organization of Security and Co-operation in Europe
Authors: Schimmelfennig Frank , Winzen Thomas , Lenz Tobias , Rocabert Jofre , Crasnic Loriana , Gherasimov Cristina , Lipps Jana , Mumford Densua 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines the parliamentarization of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). The establishment of the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly took place in the context of the post-Cold War democratization wave in Eastern Europe and the active diffusion efforts of the Council of Europe. Whereas the Western governments had a vested interest in ensuring the democratic transition of Eastern Europe, the young democracies sought international recognition as part of the European political community. Beyond this post-Cold War consensus, several options were under consideration. The chapter describes how the initial proposal of a joint parliamentary assembly of the OSCE with the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) was discarded in favour of a separate OSCE Parliamentary Assembly.
The Pacific Islands Forum
Authors: Schimmelfennig Frank , Winzen Thomas , Lenz Tobias , Rocabert Jofre , Crasnic Loriana , Gherasimov Cristina , Lipps Jana , Mumford Densua 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This chapter presents a case study of the Pacific Islands Forum (PIF). It examines why the PIF has never established an international parliamentary institution (IPI) in spite of several favourable conditions, such as an increase in authority, a large scope, predominantly democratic member states, a legitimacy crisis in regional governance, and improving conditions for international diffusion. The explanation points to the absence of and contestation about general purpose. Small and recently independent island states blocked region building and occasional IPI proposals by dominant member states (Australia and New Zealand) to protect their sovereignty. The analysis is subdivided into two cases, the 1971–2000 period of initial institutionalization and the period from 2000 onwards during which the Forum experienced deepening integration together with a severe legitimacy crisis.
From Home to Hospital
Authors: Arnold-Forster Agnes 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores the senses and emotions that attended living with and dying from cancer in the early nineteenth century. The archives of The Middlesex Hospital consist of registers of cancer patients from 1792 through to the twentieth century, and a potted selection of casebooks. This chapter, therefore, tells the stories of sixty patients from 1805 to 1836. From these case notes, flesh and blood can be added to the lived experience of cancer and go some way towards recovering the patient voice. We can follow in their footsteps from home to hospital, and in multiple literal and metaphorical ways appreciate the distances they travelled in their ‘cancer journeys’.
Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Arnold-Forster Agnes 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This chapter investigates the invention, application, assessment, and justification of palliative surgery through the work of two practitioners: Charles Bell (1774–1842) and James Young Simpson (1811–1970). As this chapter will show, close attention to patient pain and suffering was essential to surgeons’ assessments of the efficacy of palliative surgery. Bell and Simpson performed palliative procedures partly because they were concerned by their patients’ suffering and, as suggested in Chapter 2, partly because they wanted to present themselves as enlightened, improving gentlemen. Indeed, the texts analysed here—and the promotion of palliative surgery more generally—provide an alternative portrayal to that of the crude and dispassionate Victorian practitioner.
The Work of Democratic Design
Authors: Saward Michael 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores the nature of specific democratic designs or plans. The latter are understood as particular, first-order conceptions of democracy emerging from systematic application of the democratic design framework to a given set of democratic concerns or challenges. The chapter discusses types of design (e.g. hybrids and transfers), and poses the question of agency—who designs. Who initiates, adapts, and ‘lives’ designs (can one have both democratic design and democratic design?). It also examines the repertoire of specific political principles, institutions, and devices that make up the raw material of democratic designs, thus underscoring the wide range of design options that are in principle available.
Introduction
Authors: Woźniak Monika , Wyke Maria 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The introduction to this edited collection on the historical novel Quo vadis: A Narrative of the Time of Nero explores the initial cultural context of the novel’s publication in 1896 and its reception in Poland as an astounding work of high literature. It also summarizes how the novel written by Henryk Sienkiewicz came to cross national boundaries, cultural categories, and media to gain a long and rich afterlife in the popular culture of Western Europe and the United States. The introduction considers the novel and its afterlife as an exceptional example of the reception of classical antiquity. The introduction explores how the historical novel provided a powerful discursive structure through which to explore Christian faith and resistance to tyranny. It also argues that analysis of Quo vadis and its multimedial transformations decentres the West and elite culture as sites of classical reception, reveals the particularities and the influence of the Polish classical tradition, and demonstrates how and why classics and popular culture converge.