bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonality of salmonid parasites from flow‐through aquaculture in northern Germany: Emphasis on pathogenicity of Diplostomum spp. metacercaria
Authors: Unger Patrick , Suthar Jaydipbhai , Baustian Falko , Neitemeier‐Duventester Xaver , Kleinertz Sonja , Palm Harry W. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to identify the parasite fauna of cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) and Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus (L.)) from a flow‐through aquaculture system at Lake Tollense in northern Germany. The fish were sampled during different seasons in 2018 from an open freshwater raceway. For rainbow trout, 10 different parasite species were isolated, belonging to Monogenea (1), Cestoda (2), Crustacea (2) and Digenea (5), including the eye flukes Tylodelphys clavata Niewiadomska, 1984, Diplostomum pseudospathaceum and Diplostomum spathaceum (Rudolphi, 1819) Olsson, 1876, the latter representing a potential pathogenic species, which was molecularly identified and reported as a core species with prevalences of 80.0%–100.0% and high mean abundances of 42.8–55.0. Arctic charr only harboured T. clavata and D. spathaceum. Other taxa were found with low prevalence in the summer season exclusively, indicating strong seasonality of the detected parasites. Statistical correlation was positively tested for coherences of eye fluke burden and fish growth, weight and performance between seasons, recommending implementation of an enhanced aquaculture management for the surface water–dependent flow‐through aquaculture system at Lake Tollense.
Tea plant growth and soil nutrients in response to the application of fertilizer in Guizhou province, China
Authors: Sui Changling , Guan Xiaoxi , Zhang Weiwei , Zeng Boping , Zhang Qin , Luo Lanshiyu , Hu Li , Liu Lei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMore than half of the total production of tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze] in China is produced in the Guizhou province. However, in this region soils generally have low soil fertility, so new techniques to improve the productivity and fertility are needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of application of seven types of humic acid‐based organic–inorganic compound fertilizer (HTOF) on tea quality and productivity. Two different cultivars of tea (cultivars Shiqiantaicha and Fudingdabaicha) were used as model plants. In the research, seven different HTOF fertilizers were tested at two sites. Application of the HTOF increased soil pH to a range closer to that most suitable for the growth of tea plants and relatively increased soil organic matter, ammonium‐N, inorganic P, and extractable K. In addition, HTOF increased tea bud weights and density. Application of HTOF‐1 also produced the best responses among all products tested. Findings from this study indicate that formula is recommended for application during the production of young C. sinensis tea plants.
How to Establish the Bipolar Forceps Dissection Method in Robotic Inguinal Hernia Repair
Authors: Saito Takuya , Fukami Yasuyuki , Komatsu Shunichiro , Kaneko Kenitiro , Sano Tsuyoshi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe number of robotic inguinal hernia repair (RIHR) surgeries performed by younger surgeons and surgical residents has been growing worldwide. As a result, there has been growing interest in the pace at which surgeons develop their competencies. In Japan, the number of robotic surgeries with the double bipolar technique for gastric cancer is increasing. We devised an RIHR technique for a right‐hand‐dominant surgeon. This article describes the procedure and step‐by‐step instructions for this technique. We also assessed the learning curve of a surgeon experienced in the laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) approach and robotic gastrectomy. This was a retrospective review of 31 inguinal hernia patients (40 lesions) between December 2018 and April 2021 operated by a single surgeon. The cumulative summation technique (CUSUM) was used to construct a learning curve for robotic proficiency by analyzing the times for peritoneal flap creation, mesh placement, and peritoneal closure. The postoperative course, namely, the length of hospital stay, 30‐d complications, and 30‐d readmission rates, was evaluated. The CUSUM graph for the total time for each phase indicated an initial decrease at lesion 12 and another decrease at lesion 36, generating three distinct performance phases: learning (n = 12 procedures), competence (n = 24), and mastery (n = 4). Between the early and late periods, no significant differences in patient characteristics or surgical outcomes were found. The learning curve for this technique was divided into three performance phases, and the technique was safely achievable in 36 procedures by a surgeon with previous experience in laparoscopic TAPP.
Base‐Promoted Three‐Component Cyclization and Coupling Strategy for the Synthesis of Substituted 3‐Aryl‐5‐thio‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐2‐thiones
Authors: Guo Wei , Mei Weijie , Liu Gongping , Deng Ling , Zou Xiaoying , Zhong Yumei , Zhuo Xiaoya , Fan Xiaolin , Zheng Lvyin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAn effective base‐promoted cyclization and coupling strategy for the construction of substituted 3‐aryl‐5‐thio‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐2‐thiones from phenylhydrazines, olefins and CS2 is developed through employing CS2 as a sulfur feedstock. The reaction proceeds under mild reaction conditions in the absence of any external catalysts, transition metals and ligands. The one‐step three‐component procedure also shows the merits of simple operation, using available starting materials, wide substrate scopes, and high atom and step economy. This reaction provides facile access to substituted 3‐aryl‐5‐thio‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐2‐thiones, which could be used in the field of drug research.
Systematic review of olfactory outcomes after nasoseptal flap harvest for endoscopic skull base surgery: Does using cold steel or olfactory strip preservation matter?
Authors: Kılıç Suat , Sreenath Satyan B. , Grafmiller Kevin , Woodard Troy D. , Recinos Pablo F. , Kshettry Varun R. , Sindwani Raj 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have described techniques aimed at mitigating olfactory dysfunction after nasoseptal flap (NSF) harvest for endoscopic skull base surgery (ESBS). No consensus exists as to whether popular methods including using cold steel (CS) versus electrocautery (EC) or septal olfactory strip (SOS) preservation offer an advantage. This systematic review was performed to examine the impact of these two technical variations of NSF harvest on postoperative olfactory outcomes.MethodsFollowing PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for articles reporting olfactory outcomes in ESBS cases employing an NSF. Original articles focusing on technique variations of the NSF and reporting at least one objective olfactory measure were included.ResultsNine studies comprising 610 patients were included. Various, olfactory testing outcomes were reported, and postoperative follow‐up ranged from 6 weeks to 12 months. Three studies, including a randomized controlled trial, compared the use of CS and EC for the superior incision of the NSF. No significant difference was found in objective olfactory function (p > 0.05) when comparing these techniques. Five studies comprising 504 patients reported results from SOS‐sparing. SOS‐sparing technique in NSF harvest demonstrated smell preservation in the postoperative setting when compared with preoperative measures (p > 0.05); however, no direct comparison to non‐SOS‐sparing techniques was made.ConclusionThe use of CS as opposed to EC for the superior NSF incision does not appear to confer an advantage in preserving postoperative olfactory function (grade B evidence). SOS preservation may be associated with better olfactory outcomes in NSF harvest (grade C evidence).
Regio‐ and Diastereoselective [3+2] Annulation of Aliphatic Aldimines with Alkenes by Scandium‐Catalyzed β‐C(sp3)−H Activation
Authors: Cong Xuefeng , Zhuo Qingde , Hao Na , Mo Zhenbo , Zhan Gu , Nishiura Masayoshi , Hou Zhaomin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHere we report for the first time the regio‐ and diastereoselective [3+2] annulation of a wide range of aliphatic aldimines with alkenes via the activation of an unactivated β‐C(sp3)−H bond by half‐sandwich scandium catalysts. This protocol offers a straightforward and atom‐efficient route for the synthesis of a new family of multi‐substituted aminocyclopentane derivatives from easily accessible aliphatic aldimines and alkenes. The annulation of aldimines with styrenes exclusively afforded the 5‐aryl‐trans‐substituted 1‐aminocyclopentane derivatives with excellent diastereoselectivity through the 2,1‐insertion of a styrene unit. The annulation of aldimines with aliphatic alkenes selectively gave the 4‐alkyl‐trans‐substituted 1‐aminocyclopentane products in a 1,2‐insertion fashion. A catalytic amount of an appropriate amine such as adamantylamine (AdNH2) or dibenzylamine (Bn2NH) showed significant effects on the catalyst activity and stereoselectivity.
Deception and the marketplace of ideas
Authors: Levine Emma E. , Duncan Shannon 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAmerican democracy is built, in part, on the ideal of a “free marketplace of ideas.” Consumers are assumed to have access to the same arguments, and through deliberation, come to a consensus about which arguments are true, and therefore, best. In this article, we explain how deceptive communication undermines this ideal. We focus on two key dimensions—the motive of deception and the perception of dishonesty—that influence people's propensity to deceive and the social rewards of doing so. Deception is seen as the most justified when it is morally motivated and when it involves indirect tactics that are not perceived as particularly dishonest. We argue, therefore, that morally motivated half‐truths, rather than blatantly selfish lies, may do the greatest damage to the marketplace of ideas. Ultimately, this article advances our understanding of the causes and consequences of deception and helps to explain the dynamics that lead to widespread misinformation in our social world.
A strategy to compute quantum chemical potential energies of inhomogeneous OH bonds in water molecules
Authors: Jeon Kiyoung , Yang Mino 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe suggest an extrapolation method to achieve the complete basis set limits of Hartree–Fock (HF) and electron correlation (EC) energies of water molecules from the energies computed with double‐ and triple‐zeta basis functions. We are particularly interested in HF and EC potential energies for the stretching motion of an OH bond interacting with other water molecules. The EC potential energy was found to be influenced mainly by the nearest neighbor of the bond, hydrogen‐bond acceptor, whereas the HF potential energy is also affected by other neighboring molecules around the bond. This finding suggests that the HF theory can be an effective method with accuracy in predicting the inhomogeneous vibrational properties of the OH bonds interacting with other molecules if the EC energy of an isolated molecular pair including its hydrogen‐bond partner is supplemented.
2D‐QSAR and molecular docking studies of carbamate derivatives to discover novel potent anti‐butyrylcholinesterase agents for Alzheimer's disease treatment
Authors: Nour Hassan , Abchir Oussama , Belaidi Salah , Qais Faizan Abul , Chtita Samir , Belaaouad Said 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCurrently, anti‐butyrylcholinesterase (anti‐BuChE)is among the greatest therapeutic agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In this research, a series of 36 carbamate derivatives were subjected to a quantitative structure–activity relationships study using DFT and Lipinski's descriptors. Multiple linear regression (MLR) was used to explore the relationships between the structural features of these compounds and BuChE inhibitory activity. In order to generate results applicable in the experimental plan, the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development guidelines were adopted. The quality of MLR model was evaluated by several statistical parameters including internal and external validation parameters (R2, R2adj, F, VIF, R2test, Q2CV, R2Rand, Q2CV [Rand], and cRp2). The built model displayed a high predictive power (R2test = 0.817). What is more, the internal validation parameters (Q2CV = 0.774; average R2Rand = 0.118; average Q2CV [Rand] = −0.438; cRp2 = 0.820) highlight the robustness of our built model. Besides, the obtained result revealed that anti‐BuChE activity is mainly attributed to the following molecular descriptors: octanol–water partition (log P), highest occupied molecular orbital energy (EHOMO), total energy (ET), and dipole moment (μ). Based on these findings, a series of newer synthesizable compounds with enhanced anti‐BuChE activities were designed and their ADMET and drug‐likeness properties were further predicted to filter out compounds likely to fail during drug development stages. Finally, molecular docking and molecular dynamics were performed to identify the binding types between the best designed compounds and BuChE enzyme.
Depression and anxiety symptoms and perceived stress in health professionals in the context of COVID‐19: Do adverse childhood experiences have a modulating effect?
Authors: Fernández‐Arana Alberto , Olórtegui‐Yzú Adriel , Vega‐Dienstmaier Johann M. , Cuesta Manuel J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdverse childhood experiences (ACE) have a great impact on mental health outcomes of adults. However, little is known whether ACE may act as modulators of the mental health of health professionals caring for patients with COVID‐19.MethodsData were collected through an online cross‐sectional survey administered to health professionals in Lima (Peru) between May and July 2020. The survey included standardized self‐assessment instruments for anxiety, depression, acute stress (AS) and history of ACE.ResultsA total of 542 health professionals completed the survey. Caring for patients with COVID‐19 was significantly associated with depression and anxiety and when caring for patients with COVID‐19 was combined with a history of early sexual abuse, its effect on the risk of anxiety increased (OR = 7.71, p = .010). Mental health problems were associated with female gender in almost all the analyses and with the majority of ACEs.ConclusionsHealth workers in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic presented a high risk of mental health disorders. Antecedents of sexual abuse acted as a potentiating factor of anxiety in professionals providing COVID‐19 care. These findings suggest that the burden of ACE modulates mental health problems in health professionals during the pandemic.
B7‐1 and programmed cell death‐ligand 1 in primary and lymph node metastasis lesions of non‐small cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Yamada Takehiro , Miki Yasuhiro , Suzuki Miho , Kondoh Osamu , Saito‐Koyama Ryoko , Ono Katsuhiko , Okada Yoshinori , Sasano Hironobu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundProgrammed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) status has been reported to be different between metastatic and primary lesions in some cases. Therefore, the interaction between carcinoma and immune cells could influence their expression in the tumor microenvironment. PD‐L1 is known to bind not only to Programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1) but also to B7‐1 (CD80). In this study, we examined the interaction between lung carcinoma cell lines and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro. We then examined the significance of B7‐1 expression non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) microenvironment.MethodsThe interaction of lung carcinoma cell lines and PBMC through the soluble factors was analyzed using a co‐culture system. The changes in expression of immune checkpoint‐related factors in PBMC were examined by PD‐1/PD‐L1 Checkpoint Pathway qPCR Array Kit. B7‐1 expression in NSCLC tissues was examined by immunohistochemistry.ResultsB7‐1 was upregulated following the co‐culture with the lung carcinoma cell lines. B7‐1 expression in NSCLC tissues was significantly higher in smokers and squamous cell carcinomas and was significantly positively correlated with PD‐L1 status in primary cancer. However, B7‐1 and PD‐1 were not correlated between primary and metastatic diseases in the same patients.ConclusionPD‐1 inhibitors inhibited PD‐1/PD‐L1 binding but not PD‐L1/B7‐1 binding. These results demonstrated that the intratumoral ratio of B7‐1 positive T cells in NSCLC tissue could be involved in the therapeutic efficacy of PD‐L1 inhibitors. This study focused on lymph node metastasis but other sites of distant metastases should be explored by further analysis.
Air Flow around and through a Permeable Semi‐Circular Cylinder‡
Authors: Kaur Rajvinder , Sharma Sapna , Chandra Avinash 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAn unconfined air flow across a semi‐circular permeable/porous cylinder is numerically investigated for different Reynolds (Re) and Darcy numbers (Da) at a fixed value of porosity. The Darcy‐Brinkman‐Forchheimer model has been administered to deal with the flow field inside the porous cylinder. The governing equations are solved by using the finite element method‐based commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics. The obtained flow field is analyzed by streamline profiles and vorticity contours. The collective impact of Re and Da on the drag coefficient is evaluated. At low Da values, the cylinder resembles the solid cylinder as the vorticity contours and streamlines do not infiltrate the porous media. The increment in Da leads to penetration of streamlines and vorticity contours through the porous cylinder. The drag coefficient retained an inverse relationship with Re and showed a complex relationship with Da.
Prospects of Using the Laser‐Induced Temperature Jump Techniques for Characterisation of Electrochemical Systems
Authors: Ding Xing , Sarpey Theophilus Kobina , Hou Shujin , Garlyyev Batyr , Li Weijin , Fischer Roland A. , Bandarenka Aliaksandr S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the processes, phenomena, and mechanisms occurring at the electrode/electrolyte interface is a prerequisite and significant for optimizing electrochemical systems. To this end, the advent of sub‐microsecond laser pulses has paved the way and eased the investigations of the electrochemical interface (e. g., electric double layer), which hitherto is difficult. The laser‐induced current transient (LICT) and laser‐induced potential transient (LIPT) techniques have proven to be valuable and unique tools for measuring key parameters of the electrified interface, such as the potential of maximum entropy (PME) and the potential of zero charge (PZC). Herein, we present a summary of studies performed in recent years using laser‐induced temperature jump techniques. The relation between the PME/PZC and the electrocatalytic properties of various electrochemical interfaces are particularly highlighted. Special attention is given to its applications in investigating different systems and analyzing the influence of the electrolyte components, electrode composition and structure on the PME/PZC and various electrochemical processes. Moreover, possible applications of the LICT/LIPT techniques to investigate the interfacial properties of a myriad of materials, including surface‐mounted metal‐organic frameworks and metal oxides, are elaborated.
Dental and general injuries among ski and snowboard instructors in Switzerland, Germany, and Austria–A questionnaire‐based study
Authors: Unzeitig Greta , Eggmann Florin , Filippi Andreas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesData on the injury rate of skiers and snowboarders are currently limited. The aim of this study was, therefore, to assess the frequency of general and dental injuries among snow sports instructors, to investigate the use of protective gear and mouthguards, and to evaluate snow sports instructors' dental first aid know‐how.Material and MethodsA questionnaire‐based, cross‐sectional study comprising 603 ski and snowboard instructors from Austria, Germany, and Switzerland was conducted in the timeframe December 2019 to May 2020. The survey gathered data on general and dental injuries sustained by instructors, protective gear usage, and know‐how in dental first aid. The statistical analysis included χ2 tests, Wilcoxon rank‐sum and Kruskal–Wallis tests, and linear regression analysis. The level of significance was set at α = .05.ResultsOut of the 603 instructors, 326 (54.1%) sustained an injury while skiing or snowboarding. Forty (6.6%) reported a snow sports‐related dental injury. The rates of injuries related to skiing and snowboarding showed no significant difference (p = .0952). Compared with snowboarding on slopes, backcountry snowboarding entailed fewer risks of injury for snowboard instructors (p = .012). Knowledge of dental first aid was limited, with 45.8% of instructors uninformed about the possibility of replanting avulsed teeth. 10.1% of instructors were familiar with tooth rescue boxes. None of the instructors surveyed had a tooth rescue box in their first aid equipment. Helmet usage was high (95.6%) among snow sports instructors, whereas mouthguard usage was rare (3.5%).ConclusionsProtective gear usage among snow sports instructors is high. The risk of dental injury while skiing or snowboarding is lower compared with other sports. Dental first aid know‐how ought to be enhanced in snow sports communities to ensure that appropriate first aid is provided in case of a dental injury related to skiing or snowboarding.
Gas Crossover Regulation by Porosity‐Controlled Glass Sheet Achieves Pure Hydrogen Production by Buffered Water Electrolysis at Neutral pH
Authors: Naito Takahiro , Shinagawa Tatsuya , Nishimoto Takeshi , Takanabe Kazuhiro 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNear‐neutral pH water electrolysis driven by renewable electricity can reduce the costs of clean hydrogen generation, but its low efficiency and gas crossover in industrially relevant conditions remain a challenge. Here, it was shown that electrolyte engineering could suppress the crossover of dissolved gases such as O2 by regulating their diffusion flux. In addition, a hydrophilized mechanically stable glass sheet was found to block the permeation of gas bubbles, further enhancing the purity of evolved gas from water electrolysis. This sheet had a lower resistance than conventional diaphragms such as Zirfon due to its high porosity and small thickness. A saturated K‐phosphate solution at pH 7.2 was used as an electrolyte together with the hydrophilized glass sheet as a gas‐separator. This led to a near‐neutral pH water electrolysis with 100 mA cm−2 at a total cell voltage of 1.56 V with 99.9 % purity of produced H2.
Methylation with Dimethyl Carbonate/Dimethyl Sulfide Mixtures: An Integrated Process without Addition of Acid/Base and Formation of Residual Salts
Authors: Lui Yuen Wai , Chan Bun , Lui Matthew Y. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDimethyl sulfide, a major byproduct of the Kraft pulping process, was used as an inexpensive and sustainable catalyst/co‐reagent (methyl donor) for various methylations with dimethyl carbonate (as both reagent and solvent), which afforded excellent yields of O‐methylated phenols and benzoic acids, and mono‐C‐methylated arylacetonitriles. Furthermore, these products could be isolated using a remarkably straightforward workup and purification procedure, realized by dimethyl sulfide‘s neutral and distillable nature and the absence of residual salts. The likely mechanisms of these methylations were elucidated using experimental and theoretical methods, which revealed that the key step involves the generation of a highly reactive trimethylsulfonium methylcarbonate intermediate. The phenol methylation process represents a rare example of a Williamson‐type reaction that occurs without the addition of a Brønsted base.