bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Investigation of the Relation Between Expansion Strategy and Outcomes of Two-Stage Expander-Implant Breast Reconstruction
Authors: kim min JI , Lee Woo beom , Lee Il Jae , Hahn Hyung Min , Thai Duy Quang , Kim Ji young 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Numerous risk factors for the complications of two-stage, immediate implant-based breast reconstruction have been identified, although few studies have directly examined the impact of breast size and expansion protocols on the surgical outcomes of breast reconstruction. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of breast size, expansion velocity, and volume-related variables on postoperative complications of breast reconstruction. The cohort involved patients who underwent immediate breast expander reconstruction at a single center between 2017 and 2019. The breast size was classified into three categories according to the weight of the mastectomy specimen as small (< 300 g), medium (≥ 300 g, ≤ 500 g), or large (> 500 g). Multifactorial logistic regressions were used to assess the impact of variables, and receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was used to determine the optimal cut-off value for predicting the complication event. Of the 174 breasts (168 patients), 51 (29.3%), 66 (37.9%), and 57 (32.6%) breasts were classified as small, medium, and large, respectively. The rate of infection (p = 0.014) and expander/implant failure (p = 0.007) significantly differed according to breast size, with the rate being the highest in large breasts. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that body mass index (odds ratio [OR]: 1.25, p = 0.003), nipple-sparing mastectomy (OR: 2.82, p = 0.036), sentinel biopsy (OR: 5.10, p = 0.016), final expansion volume (OR: 0.99, p = 0.022), and expansion velocity (OR: 0.703, p = 0.024) were significant independent predictors of any complication. In the ROC analysis, breast weight > 696 g could predict the possibility of revision surgery, with a sensitivity of 42.9% and specificity of 81.8%. The final expansion volume and expansion velocity have a significant negative relationship with overall complications in breast reconstruction. A standard expansion protocol needs to be established to ensure the success of two-stage breast reconstruction.
An Investigation of the Effect of Intermetallic Compounds on the Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Friction Stir Welded Al and Cu Busbar for Battery Pack Applications
Authors: Mypati Omkar , Sahu suryakanta , Pal Surjya K. , Sriran Prakash 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Aluminium and copper (Al-Cu) busbar is widely used as a core component in Lithium-Ion (Li-ion) batteries. The Al-Cu busbar is challenging to fabricate with the traditional welding processes because of its high thermal conductivity. In the present study, the Al-Cu busbar is fabricated using the friction stir welding method. The effect of temperature and vibration generated during the welding process on the formation of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) is studied by using the effective formation model and found that Al2Cu is the first to form at the interface. The IMC formation at the joint interface had both detrimental (Al-rich IMC) and beneficial (Cu-rich IMC) effects. The presence of detrimental IMCs affects the joint strength of about 36 % as compared to the sample with the highest tensile load. The surface electrical conductivity is measured by using a Gaussian profile method and found in the range of 0.94 – 5.37 μ Ω·mm. The welded samples with the presence of Al2Cu3 and Al4Cu9 IMC at the interface are found to have higher electrical conductivity. Interestingly, the sample with a higher tensile load had observed higher electrical conductivity due to the formation of Cu-rich IMC, i.e., Al4Cu9.
The Biopsychosocial Indicators of Health and Social Needs Related to Poverty and Adversity Among Vulnerable and Homeless Children in Tanzania: A Scoping Review
Authors: Mwashala Winfrida , Grant Julian , Saikia Udoy , Chamberlain Diane 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Childhood poverty and adverse experiences contribute to child vulnerability, hindering healthy childhood growth and development pathways. Currently, the evidence on adversities related to vulnerable and homeless children's health and social needs in Tanzania is limited as a result of the complex social, economic, and political environment. Objectives This review investigates the biopsychosocial indicators of health and social needs related to vulnerable and homeless children facing poverty and a range of adversities in Tanzania. The main objective is to conduct a scoping review of the published literature to identify key evidence and to suggest future research needs.MethodsA data search was undertaken between May and September 2020. Data sources included literature identified through electronic databases, such as CINAHL, Pub Med, Psych Info, and Medline. Further additional studies were located through a manual search of an organisational website and reference list. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were: (i) Published in the English language; (ii) Peer-reviewed and published within the past 10 years; (iii) Subjects included children aged from 0-18 years who were vulnerable due to poverty and a range of adversities; and iv) Studies conducted only in Tanzania. The five-step scoping review process was followed, as developed by Arksey and Malley (2005). Data were analysed using thematic analysis, and conceptualised using the third iteration of Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological theory to identify the indicators relating to vulnerable and homeless children's health and social needs (1, 2). Results Three themes were identified in the literature, including the increasing burden of disease and mortality, poor access to service delivery for vulnerable and homeless children, and a lack of adherence to local and national policies to protect children. The articles collated with similar themes were presented together. These themes were conceptualized using the third iteration of Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological theory.Conclusion There is a need for greater investment in public health measures to detect vulnerable and homeless children's clinical risks, particularly given the COVID-19 pandemic which has exacerbated childhood adversities, with implications for children's overall health in Tanzania. Further research should explore ways to forge links for program implementation between multi-sector stakeholders and primary healthcare systems through early recognition of indicators and reduction of alienation within communities. This will enhance health and social support care for vulnerable and homeless children.
Comparison of HPLC and NMR for Quantification of the Main Volatile Fatty Acids in Rumen Digesta
Authors: Wang Mengyuan , Wang Haiying , Zheng Huiru , Uhrin Dusan , Dewhurst Richard , Roehe Rainer 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Accurate quantification of volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in rumen fluid are essential for research on rumen metabolism. This study comprehensively investigated the pros and cons of High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and 1H Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) analysis methods for rumen VFAs quantification. We also investigated the performance of several commonly used data pre-treatments for the two sets of data using correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The molar proportion and reliability analysis demonstrated that the two approaches produce highly consistent VFA concentrations. In the pre-processing of NMR spectra, line broadening and shim correction may reduce estimated concentrations of metabolites. We identified differences in results using different spectral clusters and the chemical shifts of the spectral clusters as quantitative references for VFAs were provided. Different data pre-treatment strategies tested with both HPLC and NMR significantly affected the results of downstream data analysis. “Normalized by sum” pre-treatment can eliminate a large number of positive correlations between NMR-based VFA. A “Combine” strategy should be the first choice when calculating the correlation between metabolites or between samples. The PCA and PLS-DA suggest that except for “Normalize by sum”, pre-treatments should be used with caution.
Spatial Variation in Demographic Processes and the Potential Role of Hybridization to Future Persistence
Authors: Gade Meaghan R , Zhao Qing , Peterman William E 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
CONTEXTSpatial variation in life history traits plays a crucial role in the structure and dynamics of populations. The demographic responses of local populations to fine-scale habitat heterogeneity have consequences for species at a broader scale and responses vary across spatial scales. Yet, the specific nature of such relationships is unclear across taxa.OBJECTIVESWe evaluated the spatial variation in demographic traits of cryptic terrestrial salamanders across the broad scale environmental gradient of elevation (i.e. temperature) and the fine-scale gradient of stream distance (i.e. moisture).METHODSUsing a 4-years of spatial mark-recapture and count data, we implemented a spatially explicit Integrated Population Model to understand demographic rates across scales. We also investigated how hybridization, which occurs in between lungless salamanders at mid-elevations, may influence demographic rates.RESULTSWe found that high elevation animals grow faster and move more, especially far from streams likely as a result of increased temperatures. Survival was highest but recruitment rates were lowest at low elevations and significantly declined with distance to stream. We also found that hybrid animals at low elevations had higher survival probabilities.CONCLUSIONSOur study reveals nuanced spatial variation in demographic rates that differ in magnitude depending on the scale at which they are assessed. Our results also show animals exhibit demographic compensation across abiotic gradients, underscoring the need for further conservation and management efforts to implement spatially explicit and dynamic strategies to match the demographic variation of species and populations of species separated across space.
A Quantitative Method for the Similarity Assessment of Typhoon Tracks
Authors: Di Yangchen , Lu Mingyue , Chen Min , Chen Zhangjian , Ma Zaiyang , Yu Manzhu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Typhoons are one of the most dangerous types of natural hazards; they are always developed in the western and southwestern Pacific Ocean and pose economic and human security threats to the Pacific Rim annually. Therefore, many scholars in related fields devote themselves to finding an effective way to analyze and forecast typhoon tracks to prevent disasters. Similarity analysis of typhoon tracks can provide great help for typhoon prediction. In this paper, a model for typhoon similarity analysis is proposed to effectively measure and quantify the similarity between two historical typhoon tracks based on the dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm, in which five typhoon elements – namely, longitude, latitude, central pressure, expanded Beaufort scale, and movement speed – are integrated to derive a final similarity percentage indicating the similarity level. At the end of this paper, case studies concerning historical typhoons and the ongoing Typhoon 202106 In-Fa are also conducted to verify the validity and effectiveness of the proposed model. The results show that the proposed model can effectively provide a quantitative similarity of two typhoon tracks when functioning well on ongoing typhoons with a cutoff rule and supplying promising support for typhoon prediction simultaneously.
Psychometric Testing of The Chinese Version of The Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scales In Families of Patients With Dementia
Authors: Wang Qingyan , Chen Sanmei , Liu Weiwei , Sheng Yu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scales (F-COPES) is a widely used instrument to evaluate family coping behaviours. However, no Chinese version of this scale have been developed and validated in China. This study aimed to develop a Chinese version of the F-COPES and evaluate its psychometric properties in the families of patients with dementia who have heavy stress and care burdens.Methods: A cross-sectional study in the specialist memory and geriatric psychiatric clinics of four hospitals in Beijing, China. The English version of the F-COPES was translated into Chinese according to the standard translation guideline. An expert panel was invited to evaluate the content validity index of the Chinese version of this scale. This study included 215 families of patients with dementia. The item homogeneity analysis was conducted by using corrected item-total correlation, corrected item-subscale correlation, and changes of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of subscales after deleting each item. The factor structure was analysed by using a confirmatory factor analysis. The convergent validity was tested by correlating the F-COPES to the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). The internal consistency was assessed by using Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the whole scale and subscales.Results: The content validity index of the Chinese version of the F-COPES was 0.98, with that of each item ranging from 0.83 to 1.00. The result of item homogeneity analysis was satisfactory except for the items in the subscale of passive appraisal. The confirmatory factor analysis identified six subscales; namely, acquiring relatives’ support, acquiring friends’ support, acquiring neighbours’ or others’ support, reframing, seeking spiritual support, and passive appraisal, with acceptable model fit indices (χ2/df = 1.65, CFI = 0.91, GFI = 0.85, TLI = 0.90, PGFI = 0.69, RMSEA = 0.06). The convergent correlation between the F-COPES and the MSPSS was strong (r = 0.50, P < 0.01). The Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the whole scale was 0.86.Conclusion: The Chinese version of the F-COPES showed satisfactory psychometric properties. It may serve as a useful scale for assessing the coping behaviours in families of patients with dementia in China.
Salinity-Based Spatial Evaluation of Groundwater Quality for Agricultural Use
Authors: Pashahkhah Parisa , Babazadeh Hossein , Shahmohammadi-Kalalagh Shahram , Sarai-Tabrizi Mahdi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Miandoab Plain has the largest water reserve in the province of West Azerbaijan, northwest Iran. Groundwater resources along with surface-water meet the needs of urban, industrial, and agricultural sectors, and therefore, their quality should be examined. Water quality indices are useful tools for aquifer management. In this research, the groundwater quality of the Miandoab Plain for agricultural purposes was investigated. For this purpose, the concentrations of the ions Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, Hco3-, So42-, Cl- and the pH level were measured. The indices effective salinity and potential salinity as well as sodium adsorption ratio and electrical conductivity were analyzed to evaluate the salinity. The geostatistical analysis was performed using the GS+ software, and the zoning maps of salinity hazard were prepared using ArcGIS. To prepare the maps, EC, ES, PS, and SAR as well as Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, Hco3-, So42, and Cl- were selected based on the semi-variogram values ​​and cross-validation technique. The Cl- map was considered as the basis for preparing the groundwater quality maps of the region. The results showed that the groundwater quality in the east of the plain is suitable, in the central part can be recommended under constant supervision, and in the west is unsuitable for agriculture. In other words, according to the geography of the plain, the recharge area is the low-risk part of the plain and the salinity hazard increases toward the discharge area. The results can pave the way for the relevant organizations to plan for the agricultural and environmental sectors.
Metformin Exerts An Antitumor Effect By Inhibiting Bladder Cancer Cell Migration And Growth, And Promoting Apoptosis Through The PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway
Authors: Shen Zhiyong , Xue Dong , Wang Kun , Zhang Facai , Shi Jiaqi , Jia Benzhong , Yang Dan , Zhang Qianjin , Zhang Shuai , Jiang Hongyu , Luo Daiqin , Li Xueying , Zhong Quliang , Zhang Junhao , Peng Zheng , Han Yu , Sima Chongyang , He Xiaozhou , Hao Lin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background To observe and explore the effect of metformin on the migration,and proliferation of bladder cancer T24 and 5637 cells in vitro.Methods Bladder cancer T24 and 5637 cell lines were cultured in vitro, and were divided into group A (blank control group) and group B (metformin group: 5, 10, 15, and 20 mmol/L); both groups were plated on 6-well plates at the same time. Culture in 24-well plates was used for wound healing assays and in 96-well plates for Transwell migration and invasion, and Cell Counting Kit-8 proliferation experiments. We observed and detected the cell migration and proliferation ability of each group at 48 hours, and calculated the cell migration area and survival rate. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis in the groups. The apoptosis-related protein, cleaved-caspase 3, cleaved-PARP and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway member proteins PI3K, phosphorylated (p)-PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, mTOR, and p‑mTOR were detected using western blotting.Results After 48 hours of treatment with different concentrations of metformin, the cell migration and proliferation capabilities were significantly lower than those in the blank control group. The proliferation and migration abilities of T24 and 5637 cells decreased in a metformin concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.05). The apoptosis rate under different concentrations of metformin, as detected by flow cytometry, showed a significantly higher rate in the metformin group than in the control group (P＜0.05). Compared with that in the control group, the level of cleaved‑caspase 3 and cleaved-parp protein in the metformin group was increased in each treatment group, and the levels of p-mTOR, p-AKT, and p-PI3K decreased significantly compared with those in the control group (P < 0.05).Conclusion Metformin inhibit bladder cancer T24 and 5637 cell migration and proliferation, and induced their apoptosis. The mechanism might involve inhibition of the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
Analysis of the Distribution Characteristics of Antibiotic Resistance Gene Pollution and Related Moving Factors in the Main Facility Agricultural Soils in Liaoning Province
Authors: Wu Yi , Zhang Xun , Wang Baiyu , Wang Ying , Gao Yuzhu , Chen Xiaoxue 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
To understand the distribution characteristics of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in vegetable soil in the main facility agriculture distribution centres of Liaoning Province, 13 soil samples from seven sites including Chaoyang Yandu Xincheng, Zhuanghe, and Fushun were collected to detect the species and abundance of ARGs and MGEs, and analyse their correlation. The results showed that the ARGs were mainly tetracycline and macrolide antibiotic resistance genes, the transportable elements were transposases, and the cell protection and cell discharge pump was the main resistance mechanism. The detection rate of tetm-02, oprj, sul2, blaTEM, fox5, ermX, ermB, and ermF was 100%. The detection rate of integron IntΙ-1 and transposable enzyme tnpA-01 was 100%. The highest content of antibiotic resistance genes was found in Qiandangpu Village, Daying Town, and Zhuanghe City, followed by Wutun Village, Miaojia Village, Daying Town, and Dalian. Correlation analysis showed a correlation between the abundance of ARGs and the abundance of MGEs in agricultural soil. There was a significant positive correlation between the abundance of ARGs and integron (P < 0.05). The results of this study provide data support for the assessment of soil ARG pollution levels and the effective prevention and control of ARG transmission risk in the main protected vegetable fields in Liaoning Province.
Simulation of an Electric Arc in Metal Welding
Authors: Petrović Ivan , Razl Vinko , Stojkov Marinko , Samardžić Mijat 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper describes the proces of electric arc welding in the zone of protective gas, with an emphasis on transmitting metal dropelts via a short ciruit.Parameters of the welding proces and of an electric arc are described, and a mathemacal model for the MIG system is sugessted. Model simulation is completed used Matlab/Simulink package. The proces is simulated using real parameters in order for the output values of the process to corespond to real values obtained by the means of mesasurement.
Hydrodynamic manipulation of nano-objects by optically induced thermo-osmotic flows
Authors: Fränzl Martin , Cichos Frank 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The manipulation of nano-objects at the microscale is of great technological significance to construct new functional materials, to manipulate tiny amounts of liquids, to reconfigure sensorial systems or to detect minute concentrations of analytes in medical screening. It is commonly approached by the generation of potential energy landscapes, for example, with optical fields or by using pressure driven microfluidics. Here we show that strong hydrodynamic boundary flows enable the trapping and manipulation of nano-objects near surfaces. These thermo-osmotic flows are induced by modulating the van der Waals interaction at a solid-liquid interface with optically generated temperature fields. We use a thin gold film on a glass substrate to provide localized but reconfigurable point-like optical heating. Convergent boundary flows with velocities of tens of micrometres per second are observed and substantiated by a quantitative physical model. The hydrodynamic forces acting on suspended nanoparticles and attractive van der Waals or depletion induced forces enable precise positioning and guiding of the nanoparticles. Fast multiplexing of flow fields further provides the means for parallel manipulation of many nano-objects and the generation of complex flow fields. Our findings have direct consequences for the field of plasmonic nano-tweezers as well as other thermo-plasmonic trapping schemes and pave the way for a general scheme of nanoscopic manipulation with boundary flows.
Th-MOF showing six-fold imide-sealed pockets for middle-size-separation of propane from nature gas
Authors: Luo Feng , Wang Li , Gong Lele , Jia Wansheng , Krishna Rajamani , Ran Youyuan , Chen Lan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Separation of propane from nature gas is of great importance to industry. However, in light of size-based separation, there still lacks effective method to directly separate propane from nature gas, due to the comparable physical properties for these light alkanes (C1-C4) and the middle size of propane. In this work, we found that a new Th-MOF could be an ideal solution for this issue. The Th-MOF takes UiO-66-type structure, but with the pocket sealed by six-fold imide groups; this not only precisely reduces the size of pocket to exactly match propane, but also enhances the host-guest interactions through multiple supramolecular interactions. As a result, highly selective adsorption of propane over methane, ethane, and butane was observed, implying unique middle-size separation. The actual separation was confirmed by breakthrough experiments, and it is found that both relatively smaller molecules (methane and ethane) and relatively bigger molecules (butane) break through the Th-MOF column within 10 min/g, whereas propane with middle size can maintain very long retention time up to 80 min/g, strongly suggesting middle-size separation and its superior application in direct separation of propane from nature gas. The separation mechanism, as unveiled by both theoretical calculation and comparative experiments, is due to the six-fold imide-sealed pockets that could effectively distinguish propane from other light alkanes through both size effect and host-guest interactions.