bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addressing challenges in sealing of scalable multifiber module for O2 enrichment using LSCF membranes
Authors: Jogdand Shunottara M. , Bedadur Prachiti R. , Torris Arun , Agrawal Ravi , Kharul Ulhas K. , Devi R. Nandini 
Published: November 2021

AbstractScalable and multifiber modules in oxygen separation face huge challenges due to difficulty in integrating all the necessary components, especially in sealing the fibers in a gas tight module. Here, we report our findings on design and fabrication of a multifiber La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3–δ (LSCF)‐based module, which can be scaled up. The focus is on sealing ceramic‐metal interfaces by layering of sealants of varying thermal properties. We have also incorporated the use of dead ended fibers to minimize ceramic‐metal interfaces in the hot zones and present a new method for dead ending by flame melting. Pressurizing the air inlet feed from either bore side or shell side is detrimental to the structural integrity of the fibers. A thorough characterization of the fresh and spent fibers is also carried out using X‐ray tomography and electron microscopy, which indicates effect of temperature and pressure on the fibers.
What do unions do… for temps? Collective bargaining and the wage penalty
Authors: Litwin Adam Seth , Shay Or 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDoes collective bargaining lift wages for contingent workers? Well‐worn theory suggests that temps at a covered employer earn less than otherwise similar “perms,” but still fare better than they would in a nonunion workplace. Our analysis of a national sample of matched employee–employer data first disposes of the universality of this conventional wisdom. Then, it allows us to test an alternative, contingent theory of the mitigating impact of collective bargaining on the temp wage gap predicated on received research in labor relations and institutional labor economics. We find that just how temps fare relative to perms hinges on the labor relations orientation of the employment relationship. Whereas unions clearly deliver for temps under adversarial conditions, they do not appear to do so where they adopt a more cooperative stance toward their employer counterparts.
Enhancement in magnetic permeability of Ni‐Co‐Zn ferrites using CuO doping for RF and microwave devices
Authors: Lathiya Poonam , Wang Jing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNovel soft magnetic ferrite materials will play a crucial role in next‐generation trillion‐dollar sensor technologies related to 5G communications and internet of things as these materials can achieve improved wireless power/signal transfer efficiency with high operation frequency. In this work, Ni0.4Co0.25Zn0.35Fe2O4 ferrites with high permeability and low magnetic loss were prepared for RF and microwave device applications. Composition and microstructure control is crucial to obtain the desired magnetic and loss properties. CuO dopant (x = 0 wt% to 20 wt%) were employed during the synthesis of Ni0.4Co0.25Zn0.35Fe2O4 ferrite specimens to modify the microstructures, thus improving the magnetic properties of the ferrites. High value of measured relative permeability (μ’ of 4‐10) and relatively low magnetic loss tangent ( of 0.01‐0.1) has been achieved at frequency range between 100 and 800 MHz. Addition of CuO, especially up to 3 wt%, can cause a significant increase in permeability. Real part of the permeability of 3.87 and 10.9 has been achieved for undoped and 3 wt% CuO doped specimens, while noticeable reduction in magnetic losses has been observed for the doped sample measured at 400 MHz. The resonance frequency of synthesized ferrites has also been shifted into GHz range, when higher concentration of CuO dopants (>5 wt%) were employed.
Structural dependence of crystallization in phosphorus‐containing sodium aluminoborosilicate glasses
Authors: Lu Ping , Kapoor Saurabh , Kobera Libor , Brus Jiri , Goel Ashutosh 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe article reports on the structural dependence of crystallization in Na2O–Al2O3–B2O3–P2O5–SiO2‐based glasses over a broad compositional space. The structure of melt‐quenched glasses has been investigated using 11B, 27Al, 29Si, and 31P magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectroscopy, while the crystallization behavior has been followed using X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy. In general, the integration of phosphate into the sodium aluminoborosilicate network is mainly accomplished via the formation of Al–O–P and B–O–P linkages with the possibility of formation of Si–O–P linkages playing only a minor role. In terms of crystallization, at low concentrations (≤5 mol.%), P2O5 promotes the crystallization of nepheline (NaAlSiO4), while at higher concentrations (≥10 mol.%), it tends to suppress (completely or incompletely depending on the glass chemistry) the crystallization in glasses. When correlating the structure of glasses with their crystallization behavior, the MAS NMR results highlight the importance of the substitution/replacement of Si–O–Al linkages by Al–O–P, Si–O–B, and B–O–P linkages in the suppression of nepheline crystallization in glasses. The results have been discussed in the context of (1) the problem of nepheline crystallization in Hanford high‐level waste glasses and (2) designing vitreous waste forms for the immobilization of phosphate‐rich dehalogenated Echem salt waste.
Risk Factors for Tracheostomy after Traumatic Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: A 10‐Year Study of 456 Patients
Authors: Long Ping‐ping , Sun Da‐wei , Zhang Zheng‐feng 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesTo explore the difference between tracheostomy and non‐tracheostomy and identify the risk factors associated with the need for tracheostomy after traumatic cervical spinal cord injury (TCSCI).MethodsThe demographic and injury characteristics of 456 TCSCI patients, treated in the Xinqiao Hospital from 2010 to 2019, were retrospective analyzed. Patients were divided into the tracheostomy group (n = 63) and the non‐tracheostomy group (n = 393). Variables included were age, gender,smoking history, mechanism of injury, concomitant injury, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale, the neurological level of injury, Cervical Spine Injury Severity Score (CSISS), surgery, and length of stay in ICU and hospital. SPSS 25.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL) was used for statistical analysis and ROC curve drawing. Chi‐square analysis was applied to find out the difference of variables between the tracheostomy and non‐tracheostomy groups. Univariate logistic regression analysis (ULRA) and multiple logistic regression analysis (MLRA) were used to identify risk factors for tracheostomy. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the performance of these risk factors.ResultsOf 456 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 63 (13.8%) underwent tracheostomy. There were differences in age (χ2 = 6.615, P = 0.032), mechanism of injury (χ2 = 9.87, P = 0.036), concomitant injury (χ2 = 6.131, P = 0.013),ASIA Impairment Scale (χ2 = 123.08, P < 0.01), the neurological level of injury (χ2 = 34.74, P < 0.01), and CSISS (χ2 = 19.612, P < 0.01) between the tracheostomy and non‐tracheostomy groups. Smoking history, CSISS ≥ 7, AIS A and, NLI ≥ C5 were identified as potential risk factors for tracheostomy by ULRA. Smoking history (OR = 2.960, 95% CI: 1.524–5.750, P = 0.001), CSISS ≥ 7 (OR = 4.599, 95% CI: 2.328–9.085, P = 0.000), AIS A (OR = 14.213, 95% CI: 6.720–30.060, P = 0.000) and NLI ≥ C5 (OR = 8.312, 95% CI: 1.935–35.711, P = 0.004) as risk factors for tracheostomy were determined by MLRA. The AUC for the risk factors of tracheostomy after TCSCI was 0.858 (95% CI: 0.810–0.907).ConclusionsSmoking history, CSISS ≥ 7, AIS A and, NLI ≥ C5 were identified as risk factors needing of tracheostomy in patients with TCSCI. These risk factors may be important to assist the clinical decision of tracheostomy.
Photosystem II photoinhibition and photoprotection in a lycophyte, Selaginella martensii
Authors: Colpo Andrea , Baldisserotto Costanza , Pancaldi Simonetta , Sabia Alessandra , Ferroni Lorenzo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Lycophyte Selaginella martensii efficiently acclimates to diverse light environments, from deep shade to full sunlight. The plant does not modulate the abundance of the Light Harvesting Complex II, mostly found as a free trimer, and does not alter the maximum capacity of thermal dissipation (NPQ). Nevertheless, the photoprotection is expected to be modulatable upon long‐term light acclimation to preserve the photosystems (PSII, PSI). The effects of long‐term light acclimation on PSII photoprotection were investigated using the chlorophyll fluorometric method known as “photochemical quenching measured in the dark” (qPd). Singularly high‐qPd values at relatively low irradiance suggest a heterogeneous antenna system (PSII antenna uncoupling). The extent of antenna uncoupling largely depends on the light regime, reaching the highest value in sun‐acclimated plants. In parallel, the photoprotective NPQ (pNPQ) increased from deep‐shade to high‐light grown plants. It is proposed that the differences in the long‐term modulation in the photoprotective capacity are proportional to the amount of uncoupled LHCII. In deep‐shade plants, the inconsistency between invariable maximum NPQ and lower pNPQ is attributed to the thermal dissipation occurring in the PSII core.
Predictive pre‐activation of orthographic and lexical‐semantic representations facilitates visual word recognition
Authors: Eisenhauer Susanne , Gagl Benjamin , Fiebach Christian J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo a crucial extent, the efficiency of reading results from the fact that visual word recognition is faster in predictive contexts. Predictive coding models suggest that this facilitation results from pre‐activation of predictable stimulus features across multiple representational levels before stimulus onset. Still, it is not sufficiently understood which aspects of the rich set of linguistic representations that are activated during reading—visual, orthographic, phonological, and/or lexical‐semantic—contribute to context‐dependent facilitation. To investigate in detail which linguistic representations are pre‐activated in a predictive context and how they affect subsequent stimulus processing, we combined a well‐controlled repetition priming paradigm, including words and pseudowords (i.e., pronounceable nonwords), with behavioral and magnetoencephalography measurements. For statistical analysis, we used linear mixed modeling, which we found had a higher statistical power compared to conventional multivariate pattern decoding analysis. Behavioral data from 49 participants indicate that word predictability (i.e., context present vs. absent) facilitated orthographic and lexical‐semantic, but not visual or phonological processes. Magnetoencephalography data from 38 participants show sustained activation of orthographic and lexical‐semantic representations in the interval before processing the predicted stimulus, suggesting selective pre‐activation at multiple levels of linguistic representation as proposed by predictive coding. However, we found more robust lexical‐semantic representations when processing predictable in contrast to unpredictable letter strings, and pre‐activation effects mainly resembled brain responses elicited when processing the expected letter string. This finding suggests that pre‐activation did not result in “explaining away” predictable stimulus features, but rather in a “sharpening” of brain responses involved in word processing.
A Graph-Theoretic Approach to Randomization Tests of Causal Effects under General Interference
Authors: Puelz David , Basse Guillaume , Feller Avi , Toulis Panos 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInterference exists when a unit's outcome depends on another unit's treatment assignment. For example, intensive policing on one street could have a spillover effect on neighbouring streets. Classical randomization tests typically break down in this setting because many null hypotheses of interest are no longer sharp under interference. A promising alternative is to instead construct a conditional randomization test on a subset of units and assignments for which a given null hypothesis is sharp. Finding these subsets is challenging, however, and existing methods are limited to special cases or have limited power. In this paper, we propose valid and easy-to-implement randomization tests for a general class of null hypotheses under arbitrary interference between units. Our key idea is to represent the hypothesis of interest as a bipartite graph between units and assignments, and to find an appropriate biclique of this graph. Importantly, the null hypothesis is sharp within this biclique, enabling conditional randomization-based tests. We also connect the size of the biclique to statistical power. Moreover, we can apply off-the-shelf graph clustering methods to find such bicliques efficiently and at scale. We illustrate our approach in settings with clustered interference and show advantages over methods designed specifically for that setting. We then apply our method to a large-scale policing experiment in Medellín, Colombia, where interference has a spatial structure.
Adsorption Beds: The Significance of Thermodynamic Properties and Particle Size on System-Level Heat Pump Performance
Authors: Fil Bachir El , Raymond Alexander , Garimella Srinivas 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The performance of an adsorption heat pump is a function of the equilibrium uptake and diffusion resistances of a particular system, which determines the refrigerant throughput during a cycle. Previous studies have sought improved sorption bed performance by increasing heat transfer; however, some of the proposed heat exchanger enhancements represent costly alterations to the system. This work instead investigates a method for optimizing sorption bed mass transfer, which can be implemented as a low-cost alternative to heat transfer enhancement or in addition to it. The objective is to balance the intra-particle diffusion resistance, which increases with adsorbent particle diameter, with the inter-particle pressure drop, which decreases with adsorbent particle diameter. A silica gel–water system model is used to show that the optimal particle geometry in a packed bed yields a 48% improvement in cooling duty and over 50% increase in coefficient of performance compared with larger particles (dp = 1.42 mm).
Carbon Dioxide Flux at the Water–Air Boundary at the Continental Slope in the Kara Sea
Authors: Polukhin A. A. , Flint M. V. , Belikov I. B. , Gusak G. V. , Kazakova U. A. , Muravya V. O. , Pankratova N. V. , Pronina Yu. O. , Skorokhod A. I. , Chultsova A. L. , Shchuka A. S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The values and direction of carbon dioxide flux in the area of the continental slope in the north of the Kara Sea (St. Anna Trough) are calculated based on field studies in 2020 within the Siberian Arctic Sea Ecosystems program. The existence of a stable frontal zone in this area has been confirmed, which is formed by an alongslope current and limits the northward spread of surface waters freshened by the continental runoff. The simultaneous analysis of the carbonate system in the upper sea layer and the CO2 concentration in the surface air layer shows the CO2 flux with a rate of 0.2 to 22 mmol/m2 day to be directed from the atmosphere into the water in the area of the outer shelf, which is affected by the river runoff, and in the area of the continental slope, which is beyond this effect. The highest rates of CO2 absorption by the sea surface layer are localized above the continental slope. Local processes in the area of the slope frontal zone determine the CO2 emission into the atmosphere with a rate of 0.34 mmol/m2 day.
Science, healthcare system, and government effectiveness perception and COVID-19 vaccination acceptance and hesitancy in a global sample: an analytical cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Dye Timothy D , Barbosu Monica , Siddiqi Shazia , Pérez Ramos José G , Murphy Hannah , Alcántara Lisette , Pressman Eva 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundDeterminants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance are complex; how perceptions of the effectiveness of science, healthcare and government impact personal COVID-19 vaccine acceptance is unclear, despite all three domains providing critical roles in development, funding and provision, and distribution of COVID-19 vaccine.ObjectiveTo estimate impact of perception of science, healthcare systems, and government along with sociodemographic, psychosocial, and cultural characteristics on vaccine acceptance.DesignWe conducted a global nested analytical cross-sectional study of how the perceptions of healthcare, government and science systems have impacted COVID-19 on vaccine acceptance.SettingGlobal Facebook, Instagram and Amazon Mechanical Turk (mTurk) users from 173 countries.Participants7411 people aged 18 years or over, and able to read English, Spanish, Italian, or French.MeasurementsWe used Χ2analysis and logistic regression-derived adjusted Odds Ratios (aORs) and 95% CIs to evaluate the relationship between effectiveness perceptions and vaccine acceptance controlling for other factors. We used natural language processing and thematic analysis to analyse the role of vaccine-related narratives in open-ended explanations of effectiveness.ResultsAfter controlling for confounding, attitude toward science was a strong predictor of vaccine acceptance, more so than other attitudes, demographic, psychosocial or COVID-19-related variables (aOR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.8 to 2.5). The rationale for science effectiveness was dominated by vaccine narratives, which were uncommon in other domains.LimitationsThis study did not include participants from countries where Facebook and Amazon mTurk are not available, and vaccine acceptance reflected intention rather than actual behaviour.ConclusionsAs our findings show, vaccine-related issues dominate public perception of science’s impact around COVID-19, and this perception of science relates strongly to the decision to obtain vaccination once available.
Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies after the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in a vulnerable population in France: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Beaumont Adeline , Durand Cécile , Ledrans Martine , Schwoebel Valérie , Noel Harold , Le Strat Yann , Diulius Donatien , Colombain Léa , Médus Marie , Gueudet Philippe , Mouly Damien , Aumaître Hugues 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesWe aimed to assess the level of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection in socially deprived neighbourhoods after the first wave of the pandemic, and to identify factors associated with seropositivity.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingThree socially deprived neighbourhoods of the city of Perpignan, in the south of France, where large settled Roma communities live.ParticipantsPeople aged 6 years old or over, living in the study area. 700 people were included in the study using two-stage stratified sampling design.InterventionsThe study included a questionnaire and SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing by the Roche Elecsys immunoassay between 29 June and 17 July 2020.Primary and secondary outcome measuresSARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence was estimated from weighted data. Associated factors and reported symptoms were investigated using univariable and multivariable logistic regressions.ResultsThe seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 35.4% (95% CI 30.2% to 41.0%). People aged 15–64 years old had increased odds of being seropositive than those aged 65 years or over. Obese people had higher odds of being seropositive (adjusted OR (aOR)=2.0, 95% CI 1.1 to 3.8). The odds of being seropositive were higher in households with clinical COVID-19 cases (one case: aOR=2.5, 95% CI 1.3 to 5.0; several cases: aOR=6.9, 95% CI 3.1 to 15.2). In the neighbourhood with the highest measured seroprevalence, people living in a dwelling with one to two rooms had higher odds of being seropositive than those living in a four-room house (aOR=2.8, 95% CI 1.2 to 6.3). Working during the lockdown was associated with lower odds of being seropositive (aOR=0.2, 95% CI 0.03 to 1.0).ConclusionTransmission of SARS-COV-2 in this vulnerable population was very high during the COVID-19 pandemic’s first wave. Our results highlight the need to strengthen and adapt preventive measures taking into account all social determinants of health, especially housing conditions.
Advance care planning dashboard: quality indicators and usability testing
Authors: Xiao Jingjie , Simon Jessica , Wityk Martin Tracy Lynn , Biondo Patricia , Fassbender Konrad 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveAdvance care planning (ACP) and goals of care designation (GCD) performance indicators were developed and implemented across Alberta, Canada, and have been used to populate an electronic ACP/GCD dashboard. The study objective was to investigate whether users found the indicators and dashboard usable and acceptable.MethodsThis study employed a survey among a convenience sample of ACP/GCD community of practice members. The survey included questions on demographics, clinical practices and a validated usability questionnaire for the dashboard, System Usability Scale (SUS).ResultsEighteen of 33 community of practice members (54.5%) answered the survey. Half of participants had a leadership or management role for ≥10 years. Most respondents (55.6%) had access to the ACP/GCD dashboard, and various ACP/GCD audit resources were used. Mean SUS was 70.83 (SD 19.72), which was above the threshold for acceptability (68). Approximately three-quarters of respondents (72.7%) found the indicators informative and meaningful for their practice, and over half (54.5%) were willing to use the dashboard and/or indicators to change their ACP/GCD practice.ConclusionThe nine indicators and dashboard were acceptable and usable for monitoring ACP/GCD performance. This set of indicators shows promise for describing and evaluating ACP/GCD uptake throughout a complex, multisector healthcare system.
δCP for leptons and a new take on CP physics with the FSM
Authors: Bordes José , Chan Hong-Mo , Tsou Sheung Tsun 
Published: November 2021

A bonus of the framed Standard Model (FSM), constructed initially to explain the mass and mixing patterns of quarks and leptons, is a solution (without axions) of the strong CP problem by cancelling the theta-angle term [Formula: see text] in colour a by a chiral transformation on a quark zero mode which is inherent in FSM, and produces thereby a CP-violating phase in the CKM matrix similar in size to what is observed.1 Extending here to flavour, one finds that there are two terms proportional to [Formula: see text]: (a) in the action from flavour instantons with unknown coefficient, say [Formula: see text], (b) induced by the above FSM solution to the strong CP-problem with therefore known coefficient [Formula: see text]. Both terms can be cancelled in the FSM by a chiral transformation on the lepton zero mode to give a Jarlskog invariant [Formula: see text] in the PMNS matrix for leptons of order [Formula: see text], as is hinted by the experiment. But if, as suggested in Ref. 2, the term [Formula: see text] is to be cancelled by a chiral transformation in the predicted hidden sector to solve the strong CP problem therein, leaving only the term [Formula: see text] to be cancelled by the chiral transformation on leptons, then the following prediction results: [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] which is (i) of the right order, (ii) of the right sign and (iii) in the range favoured by the present experiment. Together with the earlier result for quarks, this offers an attractive unified treatment of all known CP physics. a We use [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] here to denote, respectively the [Formula: see text], flavour [Formula: see text] and colour [Formula: see text] gauge fields.