bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of a Glaucoma Fellow's Surgical Training: Improvements in Tube Shunt Case Times during the Academic Year
Authors: Robbins Cason B. , Aldaas Khalid , Asrani Sanjay , McKinnon Stuart , Fleischman David , Gupta Divakar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose The aim of the study is to report changes in tube shunt placement surgical case times for glaucoma fellows during the course of the academic year.
Patients and Methods Electronic health records were retrospectively reviewed to determine patient demographics, surgical case times (defined as procedure start time to procedure end time), and glaucoma fellow involvement. Only cases with a glaucoma fellow as the primary surgeon were included. Operative case times were compared by first and second halves of the academic year (beginning in July and ending in June) using a two-tailed t-test.
Results Five hundred and seventy-three individual tube shunt surgeries (385 Ahmed, 188 Baerveldt) performed by 28 glaucoma fellows (17 females, 11 males) at Duke University Eye Center and University of North Carolina Medical Center were included. Overall, case times were significantly shorter in the second half of the academic year as compared with the first (55.3 ± 17.1 minutes vs. 61.0 ± 17.4 minutes, p <0.001). Both male (57.3 ± 16.8 minutes vs. 63.2 ± 18.6 minutes, p = 0.008) and female (53.5 ± 17.3 minutes vs. 59.3 ± 16.4 minutes, p = 0.003) fellows demonstrated shorter case times over the academic year; additionally, female fellows trended toward shorter case times than male fellows in both the first half (p = 0.072) and second half (p = 0.053) of the academic year. Fellows also exhibited shorter case times with both Ahmed implants (54.1 ± 16.2 minutes vs. 59.3 ± 15.8 minutes, p = 0.002) and Baerveldt implants (57.8 ± 18.9 minutes vs. 64.2 ± 20.0 minutes, p = 0.025) cases over the academic year. Baerveldt case times were significantly longer than Ahmed cases in the first half (p = 0.028) and trended toward being longer than Ahmed cases in the second half (p = 0.070).
Conclusion Across 5 years at two academic institutions, glaucoma fellows had shorter primary tube shunt surgical case times in the second half of the academic year. These findings reflect improvement in surgical efficiency throughout glaucoma fellowship. These findings should be taken into consideration when scheduling trainee surgeries at academic medical centers at different points in the academic year.
Unusual Congenital Lesion Masquerading as a Lung Mass in an Adult
Authors: Singh Vartika , Sudhesh Kotian Shravya , Prasad HL Kishan , Hosmane Giridhar Belur , Gopalakrishnan Mundayat , Shetty K Jayaprakash 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCongenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) is a broad spectrum of congenital cystic lung lesions caused by the arrested bronchoalveolar development. Approximately, 80% of CPAMs are diagnosed prenatally or during the neonatal period when patients present with respiratory failure and cyanosis. CPAM is often associated with other organ anomalies and aplasia, and they have poor prognoses. Many CPAMs are detected in infants and school-age children, and infections like pneumonia trigger these diagnoses. It rarely manifests in adults. These often get missed because of the superadded diseases, and hence, it is essential to have a correct approach to their diagnosis to avoid misdiagnosis.
Current Concepts of Surface Topography of Implants: A Review
Authors: Potdar Raksha , Ramesh Amitha 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBoth the rate of osseointegration and its extent depend upon the characteristics of the implant surface.1
2
3
4
5 Depending on the surface of the implant determination of implant–bone contact area, the rate of bone formation around the implant can be done.6 Hence, the implant surface plays an important part in multiple ways in the osseointegration process.
Comparative Evaluation of Post-TURP Complications in Patients with BPH Presenting with and Without Acute Urinary Retention
Authors: Pogula Veda Murthy Reddy , Galeti Ershad Hussain , Ahmad Ifrah , Kanchi Bhargava Reddy 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a prevalent urological condition affecting men at an older age. Acute urinary retention (AUR) is a severe symptom of men who develop BPH. TURP is the gold standard as the management of BPH is concerned. Our study tried to compare the post-TURP complications between patients presented with and without AUR.Materials and Methods We enrolled 126 patients, out of which 74 were in the AUR group and 52 in the non-AUR group. The mean age of patients with AUR was 62.51 years, and that for patients without AUR was 61.06 years. Statistical significance was noted in our study in patients with AUR and without AUR regarding the prostate's grading by DRE, the volume of gland, PSA level, post-TURP UTI, recatheterization post TURP, length of hospital stays with p-values 0.000, 0.000, 0.006, 0.004, 0.007, and 0.000, respectively. Statistical significance was not noted in patients with AUR and without AUR with regard to the grading of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, post-op TURP syndrome, post-TURP hematuria, patients needing a blood transfusion, post-TURP sepsis, LUTS, post-TURP stricture, resurgery for clot retention with p values of 0.918, 1.000, 1.000, 1.000, 0.523, 0.642, 1.000, 0.319, 1.000, and 1.000, respectively.Conclusion Our study shows that post-TURP complications such as hematuria, blood transfusion rate, post-op UTI, sepsis, recatheterization, lower urinary tract stricture, resurgery, TUR syndrome, and the length of hospital stay were higher in patients who presented with AUR than in those without AUR. Post-TURP UTI complications, recatheterization rate, and the length of hospital stay were statistically significant in the AUR group compared with the non-AUR group. Therefore, it is better to intervene earlier before the patients develop AUR to minimize the complications and maximize the outcomes.
Laparoscopic Gastrojejunostomy for the Treatment of SIRT-Induced Duodenal Ulcer Complicated by Gastric Outlet Obstruction
Authors: Arja Walaa El , Eid Sarah B. , Saikaly Elias , Ezzeddine Lynn , Daoud Rayan , Fiani Elias 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSelective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) is an emerging therapeutic modality in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma or liver metastases. However, complications can occur due to migration of radiation microspheres such as gastrointestinal ulcer, cholecystitis, bleeding, pancreatitis, and many others. A 50-year-old woman with stage IV breast cancer who underwent radioembolization for unresectable hepatic metastasis 6 months ago presented to our hospital with 1 month history of nausea, vomiting, with food intolerance, and weight loss. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed large deep duodenal bulbar ulcer along with antral ulcerations and edematous gastropathy. Biopsies revealed typical black, duodenal yttrium-90 sphere, documenting radiation injury. After she was discharged on proton pump inhibitor, the patient came back 1 month later for exacerbation of symptoms; computed tomography scan of the abdomen showed gastric outlet obstruction. Although there is no consensus in treating radiation-induced ulcers, physicians should be aware of this complication in patient who underwent SIRT presenting for abdominal pain.
Disparities in Obstetric Readmissions: A Multistate Analysis, 2007–2014
Authors: Matthews Kathy C. , Tangel Virginia E. , Abramovitz Sharon E. , Riley Laura E. , White Robert S. 
Published: November 2021

Objective Hospital readmissions are generally higher among racial-ethnic minorities and patients of lower socioeconomic status. However, this has not been widely studied in obstetrics. The aim of the study is to determine 30-day postpartum readmission rates by patient-level social determinants of health: race ethnicity, primary insurance payer, and median income, independently and as effect modifiers.
Study Design Using state inpatient databases from the health care cost and utilization project from 2007 to 2014, we queried all deliveries. To produce accurate estimates of the effects of parturients' social determinants of health on readmission odds while controlling for confounders, generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) were used. Additional models were generated with interaction terms to highlight any associations and their effect on the outcome. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals are reported.
Results There were 5,129,867 deliveries with 79,260 (1.5%) 30-day readmissions. Of these, 947 (1.2%) were missing race ethnicity. Black and Hispanic patients were more likely to be readmitted within 30 days of delivery, as compared with White patients (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). Patients with government insurance were more likely to be readmitted than those with private insurance (p < 0.001). Patients living in the second quartile of median income were also more likely to be readmitted than those living in other quartiles (p < 0.05). Using GLMMs, we observed that Black patients with Medicare were significantly more likely to get readmitted as compared with White patients with private insurance (aOR 2.78, 95% CI 2.50–3.09, p < 0.001). Similarly, Black patients living in the fourth (richest) quartile of median income were more likely to get readmitted, even when compared with White patients living in the first (poorest) quartile of median income (aOR 1.48, 95% CI 1.40–1.57, p < 0.001).
Conclusion Significant racial-ethnic disparities in obstetric readmissions were observed, particularly in Black patients with government insurance and even in Black patients living in the richest quartile of median income.
Key Points
Cryo kinetics of N2 adsorption onto bimetallic rhodium–iron clusters in isolation
Authors: Ehrhard Amelie A. , Klein Matthias P. , Mohrbach Jennifer , Dillinger Sebastian , Niedner-Schatteburg Gereon 
Published: November 2021

We report the N2 cryo adsorption kinetics of selected gas phase mixed rhodium–iron clusters [RhiFej]+ in the range of i = 3–8 and j = 3–8 in 26 K He buffer gas by the use of a cryo tandem RF-hexapole trap–Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. From kinetic data and fits, we extract relative rate constants for each N2 adsorption step and possible desorption steps. We find significant trends in adsorption behavior, which reveal adsorption limits, intermittent adsorption limits, and equilibrium reactions. For those steps, which are in equilibrium, we determine the Gibbs free energies. We conclude on likely ligand shell reorganization and some weakly bound N2 ligands for clusters where multiple N2 adsorbates are in equilibrium. The relative rate constants are transferred to absolute rate constants, which are slightly smaller than the collision rate constants calculated by the average dipole orientation (Langevin) theory. The calculated sticking probabilities increase, in general, with the size of the clusters and decrease with the level of N2 adsorption, in particular, when reaching an adsorption/desorption equilibrium. We receive further evidence on cluster size dependent properties, such as cluster geometries and metal atom distributions within the clusters through the accompanying spectroscopic and computational study on the equiatomic i = j clusters [Klein et al., J. Chem. Phys. 156, 014302 (2022)].
A molecular perspective on induced charges on a metallic surface
Authors: Pireddu Giovanni , Scalfi Laura , Rotenberg Benjamin 
Published: November 2021

Understanding the response of the surface of metallic solids to external electric field sources is crucial to characterize electrode–electrolyte interfaces. Continuum electrostatics offer a simple description of the induced charge density at the electrode surface. However, such a simple description does not take into account features related to the atomic structure of the solid and to the molecular nature of the solvent and of the dissolved ions. In order to illustrate such effects and assess the ability of continuum electrostatics to describe the induced charge distribution, we investigate the behavior of a gold electrode interacting with sodium or chloride ions fixed at various positions, in a vacuum or in water, using all-atom constant-potential classical molecular dynamics simulations. Our analysis highlights important similarities between the two approaches, especially under vacuum conditions and when the ion is sufficiently far from the surface, as well as some limitations of the continuum description, namely, neglecting the charges induced by the adsorbed solvent molecules and the screening effect of the solvent when the ion is close to the surface. While the detailed features of the charge distribution are system-specific, we expect some of our generic conclusions on the induced charge density to hold for other ions, solvents, and electrode surfaces. Beyond this particular case, the present study also illustrates the relevance of such molecular simulations to serve as a reference for the design of improved implicit solvent models of electrode–electrolyte interfaces.
Rethinking Maltese English as a continuum of sociolinguistic continua through evaluations of written and oral
prompts
Authors: Caruana Sandro , Mori Laura 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Scientific literature has tackled Maltese English (MaltE) mainly in the framework of World Englishes in order to
focus on its features compared to other varieties of English around the world. In this paper we shed more light on MaltE by
proposing a sociolinguistic perspective, oriented towards its social stratification, and by referring to it through degrees of
linguistic competence in English. We therefore propose two continua of variation: MaltE as an L2 continuum and as a situational
one. Within this framework, we identify two groups defined as Mainly Maltese Speakers (MMS) and Mainly English Speakers (MES). We
suggest that MaltE can be interpreted both as an L2, and as a variety used according to speech events, domain, participants,
in-groupness etc. To investigate this we carried out a perceptual experiment involving two groups of university students,
specialising in Maltese and English respectively. We discuss the results based on ratings and evaluations of authentic MaltE
written and spoken prompts.
Collocations in learner English
Authors: Kreyer Rolf 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The present paper analyses the use of V-N collocations with the four ‘light’ verbs do, give, make and take in a corpus representing longitudinal written data from 83 German learners of English in their four final years of secondary school. The paper focuses on the development of correct and incorrect collocation use, the development of L1 interference, as well as intersubjective variability regarding these aspects. Corroborating previous studies, the paper shows that roughly one quarter of collocations is atypical with no significant changes over the four years. Around half of all erroneous collocations can be interpreted as the result of L1-interference. As regards individual paths of acquisition, the paper shows that students show a large degree of variability. The paper argues that collocations need to be taught explicitly, focusing on frequent collocations of medium restrictedness that show incongruity of L1 and L2.
Creating versatility in Thai demonstratives
Authors: Iwasaki Shoichi , Dechapratumwan Parada 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBeyond their basic function to index exophoric and endophoric referents, Thai demonstratives have a host of pragmatic functions to encode concerns regarding discourse organization, subjectivity, and intersubjectivity. Based on a detailed analysis of demonstratives used in conversation, we attempt to uncover the pattern of grammaticalization for this class of words in Thai, and to propose a mechanism that allows them to develop multiple functions. Since demonstratives are indexical signs and are qualitatively distinct from content words, we must view the grammaticalization process of demonstratives differently from that of content words. In this paper, we use the model of thejoint attention trianglebased on Diessel’s earlier work and thefunctional utterance framebased on the “attractor position” analysis for grammaticalization of nouns and verbs advanced byBisang (1996)to analyze how exactly demonstratives come to acquire pragmatic functions.
La induced Si3 trimer monolayer on Si(111) surface: an ab initio study
Authors: Yang Guang , Chai Jun-Shuai , Xu Li-Fang , Wang Jian-Tao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The π-bond Seiwatz chain (SC) is one of the well-known reconstruction induced by alkaline or rare earth metals on Si(111) surface. Here we identify by ab initio calculations a new reconstruction of La induced quasi-two-dimensional Si3 trimer monolayer on Si(111)-

(

3

×

3

)

R
30
°

surface. Its surface unit cell has one La atom and one Si3 trimer with the same La coverage (1/3 monolayer) as SC structure and the Si3 trimer satisfies the electron counting rule with a transfer of valence electrons from La atom, formally as

L
a

3
+

[

S
i

−

]

3

, in correspondence to the milkstool model for Bi trimers on Si(111) surface. Band structure calculations show a semiconducting character with an indirect surface band gap of 0.76 eV. Moreover, a two-stage conversion process between the Si3 trimer and SC structure is verified by the climbing-image nudged elastic band method. These findings pave the way for further exploration of the new surface structure and its outstanding properties.
Typology of defects in DEMO divertor target mockups
Authors: Addab Y , Richou M , Ramaniraka M , Vignal N , Visca E , Dose G , Roccella S , Greuner H , Missirlian M , You J H 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We analyzed data from ultrasonic testing and infrared thermography non-destructive examinations performed on a subset of 25 small scale water-cooled target mockups of four target designs developed in the 2nd R&D phase of WPDIV. Examinations were performed before high heat flux tests for the 25 mockups and after high heat flux tests for 18 of them. The detected manufacturing defects are various in size and location. Widths of defects range from 0.2 to 12 mm, which is the entire block width. Angular sizes of defects range from few degrees to 360°. Defects having an angular size less than 50° or a width less than 4 mm are likely to be missed by infrared thermography examinations. After high heat flux tests at 20 MW m−2 up to 500 cycles, we noticed no significant evolution of pre-existing defects.
Revisiting the fundamental equations of the mathematical physics in the space of generalised functions
Authors: Nanni Luca 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A broad class of physical processes is described by second-order differential equations. The equation of waves, the diffusion equation and the stationary equation, which are found both in classical and quantum physics, belong to this class. In this article, these equations are reformulated under the assumption that the source determining the physical phenomenon acts instantaneously, using the formalism of generalised functions. Some particular cases of these equations are precisely solved by applying the Fourier transform. The obtained solutions form a subspace of the singular generalised functions’ space and are mentioned by the product between a step function and a function with at most a finite number of discontinuity points.
Quantum computing for the Lipkin model with unitary coupled cluster and structure learning ansatz *
Authors: Chikaoka Asahi , Liang Haozhao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We report a benchmark calculation for the Lipkin model in nuclear physics with a variational quantum eigensolver in quantum computing. Special attention is paid to the unitary coupled cluster (UCC) ansatz and structure learning (SL) ansatz for the trial wave function. Calculations with both the UCC and SL ansatz can reproduce the ground-state energy well; however, it is found that the calculation with the SL ansatz performs better than that with the UCC ansatz, and the SL ansatz has even fewer quantum gates than the UCC ansatz.
Simulation of MRPC performance under different counting rates
Authors: Liu J. , Yu Y. , Wang Y. , Han D. , Li Y. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The increasing luminosity of accelerators requires a higher
counting rate capability of detectors. Previous studies have mostly
simulated the detection efficiency of RPCs at a high counting rate
but rarely involved the time resolution. In this paper, Geant4
software is used to simulate the interaction between particles and
detectors, avalanche multiplication (considering the effect of space
charge), and the generation, amplification, and shaping of the
induction signal. A model is used to describe the establishment and
recovery of the internal electric field in an MRPC at a high
rate. We obtain the detection efficiency and time resolution of
MRPCs with different structures at different counting rates. The
simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental
results, which verifies the feasibility of the model. At the same
time, it has been confirmed that MRPCs built with the low
resistivity glass developed by Tsinghua University can achieve a
time resolution of 60–80 ps and a 90% efficiency at a flux up
to 70 kHz/cm2 both in the experimental and simulation results.
Ecological restoration and rising CO2enhance the carbon sink, counteracting climate change in northeastern China
Authors: Huang Binbin , Lu Fei , Wang Xiaoke , Wu Xing , Zhang Lu , Ouyang Zhiyun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe impact of climate change, rising CO2, land-use/land-cover change and land management on the carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystems has been widely reported. However, only rarely have studies have been conducted to clarify the impact of climate change and rising CO2on the carbon sink contributed by ecological restoration projects (ERPs). To better understand the impact of climate change and rising CO2on ERPs, we took the Beijing–Tianjin Sand Source Control Project zone as an example to set up different scenarios to distinguish the confounding effects of these factors on the regional carbon budget based on a remote sensing data-driven model. Compared with business as usual, our results show that climate change caused a carbon loss of 78.97 Tg C. On the contrary, ERPs contributed a carbon sink of approximately 199.88 Tg C in forest and grassland. Furthermore, rising CO2also contributed an additional carbon sink of 107.80 Tg C. This study distinguished the individual effects of different factors, and clarified the net carbon sink contributed by ERPs and rising CO2and their significance for enhancing the regional carbon sink and reversing the adverse effects of climate change on the carbon sink. Furthermore, ERPs can sequester carbon more effectively and faster compared with rising atmospheric CO2concentration.
Inverse cascade anomalies in fourth-order Leith models
Authors: Thalabard Simon , Medvedev Sergey , Grebenev Vladimir , Nazarenko Sergey 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We analyze a family of fourth-order non-linear diffusion models corresponding to local approximations of four-wave kinetic equations of weak wave turbulence. We focus on a class of parameters for which a dual cascade behavior is expected with an infrared finite-time singularity associated to inverse transfer of waveaction. This case is relevant for wave turbulence arising in the nonlinear Schrödinger model and for the gravitational waves in the Einstein’s vacuum field model. We show that inverse transfer is not described by a scaling of the constant-flux solution but has an anomalous scaling. We compute the anomalous exponents and analyze their origin using the theory of dynamical systems.