bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the effects of different irrigation and nitrogen applications on soil water content and yield quality parameters of pepper using surface and subsurface drip irrigation*
Authors: Demir Zeynep , Özbahçe Aynur 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study aimed at determining the effects of different irrigation water amounts and nitrogen (N) doses using surface drip irrigation (DI) and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) systems on yield and quality (pH, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid content, fruit dry matter, fruit length, fruit diameter, number of fruits), water–yield functions, water productivity (WP) and seasonal evapotranspiration of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Effects of different irrigation systems, different irrigation regimes (full irrigation, FI; deficit irrigations, I75 and I50 receiving respectively 75 and 50% of FI) and four different N doses through fertigation (N0: unfertilized, N70: 70 kg N ha−1, N140: 140 kg N ha−1, N210: 210 kg N ha−1) on yield and quality parameters of pepper were investigated for 2 years (2015 and 2016) in the Ankara province of Turkey. The results show that SDI had greater yields than DI. The greatest WP was obtained from SDI I50 N210 and the lowest in DI FI N0. I75 N140 treatment could be used through fertigation in SDI in the case of no water shortage for higher yields and better quality attributes and I50 N210 could be used in the case of water scarcity, both to have reliable or acceptable yield.
Determining evapotranspiration and crop coefficients of young and mature pomegranate trees under drip irrigation*
Authors: Noory Hamideh , Abbasnejad Mohamad , Ebrahimian Hamed , Azadi Hossein 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn spite of the importance of increasing water shortages in most pomegranate production regions, there is not sufficient information about the water requirement and crop coefficients (Kc) of pomegranate trees under various conditions (e.g., plant cultivar and age and irrigation system). The aim of this study was to measure evapotranspiration during three growing seasons (2013, 2015, and 2016) and to determine Kc of young and mature pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) trees under drip irrigation in Iran. The soil water balance approach was applied to determine crop evapotranspiration (ETc) using soil water content measured during the growing seasons. The ratio of measured ETc to reference evapotranspiration calculated according to the Penman–Monteith equation provided the Kc values. According to the findings, from bud burst to peak season, daily Kc values for young pomegranate trees ranged from 0.18 to 0.70, 0.22 to 0.89, and 0.23 to 0.95 in 2013, 2015, and 2016, respectively. For mature pomegranate trees, these values varied between 0.26 to 1.15, 0.21 to 1.25, and 0.30 to 1.08 in 2013, 2015, and 2016, respectively. From bud burst to peak season, the total ETc for young pomegranate trees was 711, 905, and 934 mm and for mature pomegranate trees 1,172, 1,086, and 1,138 in 2013, 2015, and 2016, respectively. The results of this study are applicable to accurate water allocation, precision irrigation scheduling, and design of irrigation systems in pomegranate orchards.
Front Cover
Authors: Peyvasteh Motahareh , Popov Alexey , Bykov Alexander , Pierangelo Angelo , Novikova Tatiana , Meglinski Igor 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe possibilities of using Mueller matrix (MM) imaging polarimetry to assess meat quality have not yet been sufficiently explored. In the current study, the fresh porcine muscles are imaged at room emperature with a wide‐field MM imaging polarimeter over 26 hours to visualize dynamics of tissue optical properties through applying Lu‐Chipman decomposition. The MM images, frequency distribution histograms and statistical analysis of the MM elements show prominent changes over time.Further details can be found in the article by M. Peyvasteh, A. Popov, A. Bykov, A. Pierangelo, T. Novikova, I. Meglinski (e202000376)
image
Inside Front Cover
Authors: Heckl Christian , Lang Alexander , Rühm Adrian , Sroka Ronald , Duffield Thomas , Vogeser Michael , Paal Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStandard methods inadequately address the presence of methemoglobin and methemalbumin that are indicative of severe intravascular hemolysis with rapid hemoglobin release. Here we present a novel second derivative fitting approach evaluating UV/VIS spectra for simultaneous quantitative analysis of oxyhemoglobin, methemoglobin, methemalbumin, and bilirubin, providing added diagnostic value when compared to standard spectrophotometric methods that typically underestimate the total free heme pigment content.Further details can be found in the article by Christian Heckl, Alexander Lang, Adrian Rühm, Ronald Sroka, Thomas Duffield, Michael Vogeser, Michael Paal (e202000461)
image
“Don't Close the Door on Them”: Recruiting and retaining vulnerable Black adolescents in prevention research
Authors: Powell Terrinieka W. , Willis Kalai , Smith Bianca , Lewis Quiana , Offiong Asari 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere is a need to understand why some strategies work better than others for engaging vulnerable Black adolescents in prevention research, especially those who are affected by parental drug use. The current study sought to fill this gap. Thirty in‐depth interviews were conducted with parents who reported a history of illicit drug use (N = 11), young adults who had a biological parent with a history of illicit drug use (N = 14), and service providers who work with families affected by illicit drug use (N = 5). Nearly all participants were Black and lived or worked in Baltimore, Maryland. Over half of the participants were female (62%). Interviews were recorded and ranged from 30 to 92 minutes in length. Data were analyzed using an inductive, content analysis approach. Four themes emerged (coined STAR): SAFE people and places minimize retraumatization; TEAMING UP with community partners increases acceptability; ADDRESSING a range of needs helps adolescents survive; and RELATABLE facilitators understand and listen to adolescents. Findings build onto and extend previous research that highlights strategies to recruit and retain vulnerable Black adolescents in prevention research.
Caspase activity in post mortem muscle and its relation to cattle handling practices
Authors: Fuente‐García Claudia , Aldai Noelia , Sentandreu Enrique , Oliván Mamen , Franco Daniel , García‐Torres Susana , R Barron Luis Javier , Sentandreu Miguel Ángel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnimal handling practices are one of the factors majorly affecting animal metabolism prior to slaughter. This phenomenon increases the occurrence of meat quality defects such as dark cutting‐beef, causing high economical losses in the meat industry. Under this framework, the assessment of apoptosis onset in post mortem muscle was proposed as a novel approach to reveal biochemical characteristics in several Spanish bovine breeds (Asturiana de los Valles, Retinta and Rubia Gallega) managed under different production systems (intensive versus semi‐extensive) and transport/lairage conditions (mixing versus not mixing with unfamiliar animals). To do so, the activities of initiator caspase 9 and executioner caspases 3/7 were determined in Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle at three early post mortem times (2, 8, and 24 h).RESULTSBreed effect and transport/lairage conditions were the most relevant factors that influenced both caspase activities over post mortem time, showing Rubia Gallega breed a completely different behavior compared to Asturiana de los Valles and Retinta breeds. Moreover, it is postulated that apoptosis cascade is initiated via the activation of caspase 9 under hypoxic or metabolic stress followed by the activation of executioner caspases 3/7.CONCLUSIONSAssessment of apoptosis on post mortem muscle can be a novel approach to study the influence of animal handling on muscle metabolism and post mortem cell death and its consequences on meat quality traits. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Conventional Ultrasound Combined With Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound in Differential Diagnosis of Gallbladder Cholesterol and Adenomatous Polyps (1–2 cm)
Authors: Wang Xue , Zhu Jia‐an , Liu Yue‐jie , Liu Yi‐qun , Che Dong‐dong , Niu Si‐hua , Gao Shuang , Chen Ding‐bao 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine ultrasonic image characteristics that enable differentiation between cholesterol and adenomatous polyps and to assess the diagnostic efficacy of combining conventional ultrasound (CUS) with contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS).MethodsEighty‐nine patients with gallbladder polyps of 1–2 cm in diameter were enrolled and examined by CUS and CEUS before cholecystectomy. The appearances on CUS and CEUS were recorded and analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to calculate the optimal size threshold for distinguishing cholesterol from adenomatous polyps. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify diagnostic variables. ROC analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the size, the independent variables, and the combined factors.ResultsThere were differences in size, number, vascularity on CUS and intralesional vascular shape, wash‐out, and area under the curve on CEUS between the two groups (P < .05). ROC analysis indicated that a maximum diameter of 1.45 cm was the optimal threshold for the prediction of adenomatous polyps. The logistic regression analysis proved that the single polyp, presence of vascularity, and intralesional linear vessels were associated with adenomatous polyps (P < .05). ROC analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve, sensitivity, and specificity for the combination of the three independent variables were 0.858, 87.3%, and 67.6%. The number combined with intralesional vascular shape had the highest diagnostic sensitivity of 91.2%.ConclusionsThe combination of CUS and CEUS demonstrated great significance in the differential diagnosis of cholesterol and adenomatous polyps.
More severe phenotype of early‐onset osteoporosis associated with recessive form ofLRP5and combination withDKK1orWNT3A
Authors: Caetano da Silva Caroline , Ricquebourg Manon , Orcel Philippe , Fabre Stéphanie , Funck‐Brentano Thomas , Cohen‐Solal Martine , Collet Corinne 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundEarly‐onset osteoporosis (EOOP) is defined by low bone mineral density (BMD), which increases the risk of fracture. Although the prevalence of osteoporosis at a young age is unknown, low BMD is highly linked to genetic background. Heterozygous pathogenic variants in low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 5(LRP5) are associated with EOOP. This study aimed to investigate the genetic profile in patients with EOOP to better understand the variation in phenotype severity by using a targeted gene sequencing panel associated with bone fragility.Method and ResultsWe used a sequencing panel with 17 genes reported to be related to bone fragility for analysis of 68 patients with EOOP. We found a high positivity rate of EOOP withLRP5variants (14 patients, 20.6%). The remaining 79.4% of patients with EOOP but withoutLRP5variants showed variable disease severity, as observed in patients with at least one variant in this gene. One patient, with multiple fractures and spine L1‐L4 BMDZ‐score −2.9, carried a novel pathogenic homozygous variant, c.2918T>C, p.(Leu973Pro), without any pseudoglioma. In addition to carrying theLRP5variant, 2 other patients carried a heterozygous variant in Wnt signaling pathway genes: dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 1 (DKK1) [NM_012242.4: c.359G>T, p.(Arg120Leu)] and Wnt family member 3A (WNT3A) [NM_033131.3: c.377G>A, p. (Arg126His)]. As compared with single‐variantLRP5carriers, double‐variant carriers had a significantly lower BMDZ‐score (−4.1 ± 0.8) and higher mean number of fractures (6.0 ± 2.8 vs. 2.2 ± 1.9). Analysis of the family segregation suggests the inheritance of BMD trait.ConclusionSevere forms of EOOP may occur with carriage of 2 pathogenic variants in genes encoding regulators of the Wnt signaling pathway. Two‐variant carriers of Wnt pathway genes had severe EOOP. Moreover,DKK1andWNT3Agenes should be included in next‐generation sequence analyses of bone fragility.
Quercetin Attenuates Atherosclerotic Inflammation by Inhibiting Galectin‐3‐NLRP3 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Li Hongxia , Xiao Lin , He Hui , Zeng Hongmei , Liu Jingjing , Jiang Chunjie , Mei Guibin , Yu Jiasheng , Chen Hao , Yao Ping , Tang Yuhan 
Published: May 2021

ScopeAtherosclerosis is the underlying pathogenesis of cardiovascular events caused by inflammation, and dietary intervention has been recommended as one fundamental prevention strategy. Herein, the anti‐arteriosclerotic properties of quercetin are investigated by modulating galectin‐3 (Gal‐3)‐NLR family, pyrin domain‐containing 3 (NLRP3) pathway.Methods and resultsPlaques from ApoE−/− mice fed by high‐fat diet (HFD) with or without quercetin (100 mg (kg·bw)−1) for 16 weeks, and carotid plaques from patients with carotid stenosis are collected for histopathological examinations and molecular mechanism assays. Quercetin significantly alleviates atherosclerotic lesions and reduces lipid retention caused by HFD. Proteomic technology identified Gal­‐3 increased by HFD but lowered by quercetin. Furthermore, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry exhibit higher expressions of Gal‐3 and NLRP3 in carotid plaques and plaques from HFD‐fed mice, which are concurrently down‐regulated by quercetin. Similar to TD139, quercetin dramatically suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation in oxidized low‐density lipoprotein‐laden macrophages, and accordingly alleviates cellular steatosis and IL‐1β secretion, which is abolished by recombinant Gal‐3. Co‐immunoprecipitation shows Gal‐3 binding to NLRP3 promotes inflammasome activation.ConclusionGal‐3 initiates inflammatory lesions by activating NLRP3 inflammasome which functions as a candidate target of quercetin exerting favorable anti‐atherogenic effects. The findings highlight a promising strategy for atherosclerosis prevention and treatment by naturally‐occurring quercetin.
Digitalisierung: Blockchain und Innovation
Authors: Geissler Holger 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDie Informationsmitschrift lässt sich nach dem Schreiben nicht mehr ändern, viele haben Kopien davon und alle können zugreifen. Aber nur wer einen Schlüssel hat, kann sie lesen. So lassen sich Forschungsergebnisse sichern und mit anderen teilen.
Materialien: Immer wieder schäumen und lösen
Authors: Stubenrauch Cosima , Cölfen Helmut , Menold Philipp 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEine Alternative zu organischen Kunststoffschäumen für die Wärmedämmung von Gebäuden können Mineralkunststoffe sein. Sie sind nicht brennbar und im Gegensatz zu Silica‐Aerogelen oder Steinwolle gut zu recyceln.
Ein Verlag für die Chemie
Authors: Osterath Brigitte 
Published: May 2021

AbstractVor hundert Jahren entschieden sich die chemischen Gesellschaften Deutschlands, ihre Publikationen, darunter die Berichte und die Zeitschrift für angewandte Chemie, einem Verlag anzuvertrauen: dem Verlag Chemie. Seitdem hat dieser Höhen und Tiefen durchlebt, ist verkauft worden − und hat nebenbei allen gezeigt, wie europäische Zusammenarbeit funktioniert.
Durchflusschemie: Damit nichts explodiert
Authors: Menges‐Flanagan Gabriele 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMit Grignard‐Reagenzien entstehen Antiklopfmittel, Feinchemikalien und Arzneistoffe. Bisweilen gefürchtet sind die reaktiven Zwischenprodukte – was garantiert den reibungslosen Umgang damit? Beispielsweise die kontinuierliche Synthese mit Mikroverfahrenstechnik.
Professioneller Textsatz mit Latex
Authors: Steinmetz Zacharias 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDas Textsatzsystem Latex fristet ein Nischendasein — zu unrecht. Einmal in die Syntax eingearbeitet, hilft es nicht nur beim korrekten Setzen von Formeln und Einheiten. Mit Paketen wie chemmacros und chemfig stehen zudem Werkzeuge zur Verfügung, um Reaktionsgleichungen und Strukturformeln zu erstellen.
Was Kaffee mit uns macht
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractKaffee löst im Körper viele Reaktionen aus – zum Beispiel regt er Geschmacksrezeptoren an und macht wach. Ob er unterm Strich der Gesundheit nutzt oder eher schadet, ist nicht endgültig geklärt, obwohl neuere Forschung meist auf positive Effekte hinweist.
Bilanz 2020: Merck
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDas Darmstädter Unternehmen Merck hat im Jahr 2020 seinen Umsatz vor allem mit Medikamenten und dem Halbleitergeschäft erhöht. Zudem unterstützte Merck mehr als 50 Impfstoffprojekte.
„Ein gewisser Jagdinstinkt“
Authors: Zbikowski Frauke 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDer Experimentalphysiker Frank Müller sucht in wissenschaftlichen Zeitschriften nach gefälschten Daten. Ein Gespräch über die Triebkraft für Betrug, was die Wissenschaft weiterbringen könnte und warum Wissenschaftler nicht die besseren Menschen sind.
Opinion: The Future of Publishing
Authors: Carreira Erick M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn thinking about how all the various options play into the future of scientific publications, a number of thought‐provoking questions inevitably arise: Will there be a role for traditional publishing houses and associated journals publications in the future? How will quality be assured, and authenticity guaranteed? What is the future of peer review? Is there a need for multiple publishers? What role do developments in artificial intelligence play?
Manipulation of perovskite film by bias‐induced reversible lattice deformation toward tunable photoelectric performances
Authors: Ren Lixia , Wang Min , Wang Shuanhu , Zhao Yang , Jin Kexin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOrganic lead halide perovskites have attracted extensive interest for potential use in next‐generation photovoltaic devices due to the demonstrated high power conversion efficiency, low materials cost, and low fabrication cost. Besides, the electromechanical properties have also been explored in detail to expand the application potential. Here, we report the reversible photoelectric modulation (including photoresponse and photoresistance modulation, by near 6%) in methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3) film under an external electric bias (only 0.06 V µm‐1), which stems from the strain response induced by the competition of electrical biasing and light exposure. In addition, accompanied by the use of bias and light, the lattice is found to be deformed in MAPbI3 film. This result does not only shed light on the lattice deformation from external factors but also highlights the dramatic electron/photon‐lattice coupling in perovskite films.
Toughening rigid thermoset films via molecular enforced integration of covalent crosslinking and multiple supramolecular interactions
Authors: Wang Cheng , Zhang Shuai , Li Shanggeng , Zhang Longfei , Zhou Yawen , Ma Jiajun , Zhang Lin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRigid thermosets show great potential application value in several fields; however, enhancing their extensibility without losing the required mechanical strength is always a huge challenge. In this work, a new class of rigid thermosets, poly(triethylenetetramine bisphenol A epoxy phenylimidazole)s, with both multiple supramolecular interactions, including “face–face” π–π stacking, “point–point” hydrogen bond, and ion‐pair electrostatic interaction, and covalent crosslinks is developed by introducing the special functional group 2‐phenylimidazole into the crosslinked thermoset. Owing to the synergistic effect of the strong covalent crosslinks and the multiple supramolecular interactions, synchronously improved tensile strengths and elongation at break have been successfully obtained with these rigid thermosets.
Model‐based evaluation of image‐guided fractionated whole‐brain radiation therapy in pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma xenografts
Authors: Husband Hillary R. , Campagne Olivia , He Chen , Zhu Xiaoyan , Bianski Brandon M. , Baker Suzanne J. , Shelat Anang A. , Tinkle Christopher L. , Stewart Clinton F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRadiation therapy (RT) is currently the standard treatment for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), the most common cause of death in children with brain cancer. A pharmacodynamic model was developed to describe the radiation‐induced tumor shrinkage and overall survival in mice bearing DIPG. CD1‐nude mice were implanted in the brain cortex with luciferase‐labeled patient‐derived orthotopic xenografts of DIPG (SJDIPGx7 H3F3AWT/K27 M and SJDIPGx37 H3F3AK27M/K27M). Mice were treated with image‐guided whole‐brain RT at 1 or 2 Gy/fraction 5‐days‐on 2‐days‐off for a cumulative dose of 20 or 54 Gy. Tumor progression was monitored with bioluminescent imaging (BLI). A mathematical model describing BLI and overall survival was developed with data from mice receiving 2 Gy/fraction and validated using data from mice receiving 1 Gy/fraction. BLI data were adequately fitted with a logistic tumor growth function and a signal distribution model with linear radiation‐induced killing effect. A higher tumor growth rate in SJDIPGx37 versus SJDIPGx7 xenografts and a killing effect decreasing with higher tumor baseline (p < 0.0001) were identified. Cumulative radiation dose was suggested to inhibit the tumor growth rate according to a Hill function. Survival distribution was best described with a Weibull hazard function in which the hazard baseline was a continuous function of tumor BLI. Significant differences were further identified between DIPG cell lines and untreated versus treated mice. The model was adequately validated with mice receiving 1 Gy/fraction and will be useful in guiding future preclinical trials incorporating radiation and to support systemic combination therapies with RT.
Low‐carbon energy, sustainable development, and justice: Towards a just energy transition for the society and the environment
Authors: Siciliano Giuseppina , Wallbott Linda , Urban Frauke , Dang Anh Nguyen , Lederer Markus 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGovernments and civil society are increasingly aware that the decarbonization of energy systems needs to be aligned with justice principles of recognition, distribution, and process. This paper establishes a conceptual linkage between “sustainable development”, “low‐carbon energy transitions” and “energy justice” and examines social priorities to address peoples' competing priorities associated with low‐carbon energy interventions. By analyzing a renewable energy project in Vietnam as a case study, the paper shows that linking social priorities to energy justice provides a useful contribution for energy policy makers toward a better understanding of the multidimensional and complex aspects of low‐carbon energy transitions, and how different segments of society prioritize and perceive them for the achievement of socially just energy decisions.