bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between Serum Biomarkers and Disease Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Xu Junyue , Jia Xingwang , Zhang Xueguang , Jiao Xiaocui , Zhang Shana , Zhao Yahong , Wu Xiaohong , Li Yi , Liu Xuetong , Yu Qian 
Published: December 2024

Aims/Background The present study aimed to assess the capability of biomarkers, including inflammatory indicators, anaemic markers, lipid markers, and renal function indices, to differentiate between different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Expected to provide a new strategy for monitoring the development of CKD and stratified treatment management, providing valuable insights for future biomarker studies to explore early detection of CKD. Methods The changes in inflammatory markers (interferon gamma [IFN-γ], interleukin [IL]-17A, IL-10, IL-6, IL-4, IL-2, IL-1 and white blood cells [WBC]), lipid markers (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-c], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-c], and triglyceride [TG]), indicators of kidney injury (serum creatinine [Scr] and blood urea nitrogen [BUN]) in 451 patients with different stages of CKD were examined. Furthermore, these markers were compared between 299 anemic patients and 53 non-anemic patients. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were employed to analyze the association between these biomarkers and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). To identify risk factors associated with the development of CKD, we utilized principal component analysis to evaluate their utility as potential diagnostic and prognostic markers for the disease. Results Significant differences were found in IL-6, BUN, and hemoglobin (Hb) levels across CKD stages 2 to 5. Anaemic individuals had elevated levels of IL-6, Scr, and BUN compared to non-anaemic individuals. In addition, the multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that IL-1 (p = 0.022), IL-6 (p = 0.022), Hb (p < 0.001), and BUN (p < 0.001) were statistically significant predictors of eGFR. Furthermore, it was discovered that the blood levels of IL-6 (p = 0.012), BUN (p < 0.001), and Hb (p < 0.001) were risk factors associated with the stages of CKD. Conclusion Serum levels of IL-6, BUN and Hb have been associated with the progression of CKD. Using a combination of serum biomarkers is a potential strategy for tracking the development of CKD, facilitating stratified management and early intervention.
Beyond statistics: The theory, practice and purpose of casualty recording
Authors: Dales Hollie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article argues that it is imperative to document all casualties of armed conflict and explores the casualty recording work of Iraq Body Count, Every Casualty and Action on Armed Violence. Casualty recording stands as an essential pillar of humanity amidst the chaos of war, dedicated to safeguarding international principles of human rights, to collecting data to enable the pursuit of perpetrators of war crimes, and to assessing the impact of war on civilians, through a human security approach. While realist perspectives may disregard the significance of casualty recording, human security reframes the discourse, reaffirming the intrinsic worth of every human life.
On the brink of power: An inquiry into emerging power through international political economy
Authors: Houghton Jack 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article examines the rise of emerging powers through the lens of international political economy (IPE). While scholarship focuses on established emerging powers such as China and India, a subset of underrepresented countries including Indonesia, Turkey, and South Africa warrant deeper analysis. Contextualizing their ascent through IPE processes highlights how these regional leaders-in-the-making transformed from developing to emergent status amid evolving global power dynamics. The research explores their roles within a Western-dominated order facing challenges to its liberal democratic foundations. By unpacking the implications of their non-liberal capitalist development paths, it provides a refreshed perspective on whether these newly influential states pose a threat to US hegemony or are simply manifestations of an increasingly multipolar world order.
As UNITAD is now over: Charting the path toward justice in Iraq
Authors: Travers Alannah 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
As the mandate of the United Nations Investigative Team to Promote Accountability for Crimes Committed by Da’esh/ISIL (UNITAD) ended on 17 September 2024, the future of justice for ISIL’s survivors in Iraq remains uncertain. This article provides an analysis of the legal, ethical, and practical challenges arising from UNITAD’s closure and flawed operation, with a focus on the fate of collected evidence, and the broader implications for transitional justice in Iraq. It also examines the issues of historic false allegations and wrongful convictions within Iraq’s justice system, arguing for reforms and continued international support to ensure that justice is delivered. By situating these discussions within the context of Iraq’s post-conflict recovery, the article underscores the international community’s ongoing responsibility to uphold justice and human rights in Iraq – and by working with Iraqi actors rather than imposing another Western framework. The article argues for the necessity of comprehensive legal reforms and a survivor-centered approach to justice.
I Will Survive? – Entscheidungen für Digitale Innovationen in Kleinen und Mittleren Unternehmen in Krisenzeiten
Authors: Marzok Matthias , Bohlen Lasse , Willnat Mathias , Lichtenberg Sascha , Brendel Alfred Benedikt , Strahringer Susanne , Kolbe Lutz M. 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungDie COVID-19-Pandemie und die auferlegten Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung der Infektionen bedrohten mehrere Geschäftsmodelle von kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen (KMU). Branchen mit einem hohen Maß an direktem Klientelkontakt hatten die Herausforderung ihre Geschäftspraktiken grundlegend zu überdenken. Viele Unternehmen hatten Schwierigkeiten sich anzupassen, und nicht wenige gerieten in eine existenzielle Krise. In einigen Fällen wurde versucht die entstandenen Herausforderungen durch die Integration digitaler Innovationen (DI) zu bewältigen. Die Identifizierung und Implementierung von DI, die ein Geschäftsmodell unterstützen, kann für KMU überlebenswichtig sein. Hierbei die ohnehin knappen Ressourcen nicht zu überfordern, kann zu einer weiteren Herausforderung werden. In diesem Kontext adressiert diese Studie, wie die Pandemie sich auf die Identifizierung, Auswahl und Einführung DI ausgewirkt hat. 27 halbstrukturierte Interviews mit KMU-Führungskräften aus verschiedenen Branchen wurden gemäß dem Innovationsentscheidungsprozess ausgewertet und strukturiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, wesentliche Maßnahmen im Innovationprozess bei der Einführung verschiedener DI in KMU. Ergänzt wird dies von Handlungsempfehlungen für den Prozess zur Einführung von DI in KMU. Insgesamt trägt diese Studie zur bestehenden Literatur über die Einführung DI in KMU bei, indem sie eine Perspektive des Wandels unter plötzlich einsetzendem und großem externem Druck veranschaulicht.
Mirvetuximab Soravtansine in solid tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rehim Shamsnur , Yuan Shuang , Wang Hongjing 
Published: December 2024

Background
Mirvetuximab Soravtansine (MIRV) is a promising antibody‒drug conjugate (ADC) that targets folate receptor alpha (FRα), which is overexpressed in several types of solid tumors. In November 2022, MIRV was approved in the USA for the treatment of adult patients with FRα-positive, platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer who received 1–3 prior systemic treatment regimens. Therefore, high-quality evidence for its efficacy and safety in different cancers is urgently needed.

Methods
A systematic search (e.g., PubMed, Embase, Web Of Science, Cochrane Library) was conducted to identify all relevant clinical trials of MIRV alone or in combination with chemo- and/or target-therapies in solid tumors. The primary end-point was median progression-free survival (mPFS). The secondary endpoints were the Objective response rate (ORR) and adverse effects (AEs). A random-effects model was applied.

Results
The study included nine research studies with a total of 682 patients. The pooled mPFS and pooled ORR were 6.70 months (95% CI 4.54–8.86, I2 = 96.21%) and 36% (95% CI: 28% to 44%, I2 = 76.79%), respectively. Significant differences were observed among intervention regimens and response to platinum. The pooled mPFS of MIRV monotherapy and MIRV+ Bevacizumab (BEV) combined therapy was 4.28 (95% CI 3.90–4.65, I2 = 0.00%) and 7.78 (95% CI 6.62–8.95, I2 = 0.00%), respectively. The pooled ORRs of MIRV monotherapy and MIRV+BEV combined therapy were 25% (95% CI 21%–29%, I2 = 25.20%) and 43% (95% CI 36%–50%, I2 = 0.01%), respectively. The pooled ORRs of the platinum-sensitive, platinum-resistant groups were 59% (95% CI 36%–81%, I2 = 61.88%), 33% (95% CI 25%–40%, I2 = 69.73%), respectively. In addition, we conducted supplementary subgroup analyses to explore the influence of FRα receptor expression levels and the number of prior treatments on treatment outcomes. The most common adverse effects were blurred vision (45.20%), nausea (40.13%), diarrhea (39.52%), fatigue (33.84%) and keratopathy (31.20%).

Conclusions
MIRV has significant therapeutic effects in solid tumors, especially when combined with BEV. In platinum-tolerant tumors, the efficacy of MIRV is also considerable. Overall, MIRV is relatively safe in solid tumors, and adverse reactions are relatively rare and mild.
Gendered dimension of chronic pain patients with low and middle income: A text mining analysis
Authors: Peiró Ana M. , Carracedo Patricia , Agulló Laura , Bernardes Sónia F. 
Published: December 2024

Inferences about gender differences and socioeconomic status in Chronic Non-Cancer Pain (CNCP) management may shape health care. This can be a particularly relevant issue for women, who continue to more often assume reproductive gender roles. The objective of this study was to explore the gendered impact of CNCP on low-and middle-income women and men through text mining analysis.

Methods
This is a mixed-method study using individual interviews (duration between 40–60 minutes) of 181 CNCP patients (71% females) in a tertiary Pain Care Unit, and applying the text mining methodology. Incomes (low or middle) and gender roles (productive vs. reproductive)”.

Results
Gender differences were identified in the words used to describe pain impact in working and social life, domestic responsibilities, and family relationships. Albeit having similar CNCP severity and interference, women were on average 8 years older, compared to men, with longer referral time from Primary Care, less retired but more homemakers, showing a greater impact on their mental health. The most discriminating word explaining pain impact for CNCP women was “husband”, for men was “work”, especially among middle income groups. The way men, with a productive gender role, talked about the impact of CNCP in their lives stressed the word “work”. In contrast, men with reproductive roles stressed the words “chores, family or limited” as women with low-income did. Only low-income men used the word “help”. The text mining analysis indicates a discrepant distribution of men and women into traditional gender social roles that are consistent with stereotypical traits and may have an impact on pain care. There is a need of an intersectional perspective as part of pain assessment, to develop novel self-management interventions for men and women.
A method for comparing MRI sequences of the knee for segmentation based on morphological features
Authors: Jung Yunsub , Simonsen Morten Bilde , Andersen Michael Skipper 
Published: December 2024

Background
In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) segmentation research, the choice of sequence influences the segmentation accuracy. This study introduces a method to compare sequences. By aligning sequences with specific segmentation objectives, we provide an example of a comparative analysis of various sequences for knee images.

Methods
Based on the profile information of virtual rays, we devised metrics to compute the edge sharpness and contrast. Edge analysis was performed in five edges (EBB: between cancellous and cortical bone, EBC: between cortical bone and cartilage, ECF: between cartilage and fat, ECM: between cartilage and meniscus, EBT: between cortical bone and tissue). Subsequently, profiles were extracted from the virtual ray that traversed the defined edge. Finally, edge characteristics were compared in each sequence using the computed metrics.

Results
In the case of sharpness, T1-weighted (T1) showed the highest at EBB, ECF, and EBT (all, p < .05). The fat-suppressed 3D spoiled gradient-echo (SPGR) was the highest at EBC, and proton density fat-saturated (PDFS) was the highest at ECM (all, p < .005). Depending on each sequence, the knee structures showed different edge characteristics. Also, it was confirmed that the edge properties of the structure depend on the adjacent materials.

Conclusions
The ultimate goal of this study is to present a methodology for selecting the most appropriate MRI sequence for segmentation, which can be applied to images of other parts in addition to the knee images used in the study. The method we present quantitatively evaluates the edge characteristics, and experimental results show that our method shows consistent results according to the edge. Our method will provide additional information for MRI sequence selection for segmentation.
High volume-rate echocardiography for simultaneous imaging of electromechanical activation and cardiac strain of the whole heart in a single heartbeat in humans
Authors: Grondin Julien , Schleifer Hannah J. , Weber Rachel , Lee Changhee , Tourni Melina , Konofagou Elisa E. 
Published: December 2024

Background
Imaging both electrical and mechanical cardiac function can better characterize cardiac disease and improve patient care. Currently, there is no noninvasive technique that can simultaneously image both electrical and mechanical function of the whole heart at the point of care. Here, our aim is to demonstrate that high volume-rate echocardiography can simultaneously map cardiac electromechanical activation and end-systolic cardiac strain of the whole heart in a single heartbeat.

Method
A 32x32 ultrasound matrix array connected to four synchronized ultrasound scanners were used for transthoracic high volume-rate imaging (840 volumes/s) in sixteen young volunteers (28.1±4.2 y.o.). An electromechanical activation map of the whole heart and volumetric end-systolic atrial and ventricular strain images were obtained.

Results
The whole heart activation sequence was found to be consistent across volunteers and in agreement with previously reported normal electrical activation sequences. The mean electromechanical activation time was 72.6±15.2 ms in the atria, 132.4±19.7 ms in the ventricles and 154.5±19.6 ms in the whole heart. Volumetric right and left atrial as well as right and left ventricular strains were also consistent across all volunteers, with a mean end-systolic global longitudinal strain of 26.8±6.5% in the atria and -16.6±3.4% in the ventricles.

Conclusions
This initial feasibility study demonstrates that noninvasive high-volume rate imaging of the heart in a single heartbeat is feasible and can provide electromechanical activation and systolic strains simultaneously in all four cardiac chambers. This technique can be further developed and used at the point of care to assist for screening, diagnosis, therapy guidance and follow-up of heart disease patients.
The interaction between sleep patterns and oxidative balance scores on the risk of cognitive function decline: Results from the national health and nutrition examination survey 2011–2014
Authors: Lou Taiwei , Zhao Zhiru , Du Hongjin , Zhang Jiwei , Ni Tian , Wang Miaoran , Li Qiuyan 
Published: December 2024

Background
Unhealthy sleep and exposures to oxidative factors are both associated with poor cognitive performance (PCP), but limited evidence has been found regarding the relationship between sleep patterns and oxidative factor exposures independently or jointly with the risk of PCP.

Methods
We analyzed data from 2249 adults aged ≥60 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database (2011–2014). Self-reported questionnaires were used to collect data on sleep duration and sleep disorder, categorizing sleep duration into three groups based on responses: short (6 hours or less per night), normal (7–8 hours per night), or long (9 hours or more per night). Sleep disorder were categorized into two groups: sleep disorder, non-sleep disorder. Oxidative balance score (OBS) was calculated based on 20 oxidative stress exposures related to diet and lifestyle factors, with higher scores indicating greater antioxidant exposures. Survey-based multivariable adjusted regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations between sleep patterns or OBS alone and in combination with overall and PCP risks.

Results
Compared to the normal sleep duration group, the long sleep duration group had a higher risk of PCP (DSST<34) (OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.05–3.48, P = 0.021); while OBS was negatively correlated with the risk of PCP (DSST<34) [Q4 vs Q1 (OR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.29–0.92, P = 0.004)]. There was an interaction effect between sleep patterns (sleep duration, sleep disturbances) and OBS on PCP (DSST<34) (P = 0.002). Further stratified analysis showed that in individuals with normal sleep duration, long sleep duration, or no sleep disturbances, antioxidant exposures, compared to pro-oxidant exposures, reduced the risk of low cognitive function occurrence.

Conclusions
In older populations, unhealthy sleep patterns (especially excessive sleep duration) and low OBS alone or in combination increase the risk of cognitive decline. Healthy sleep and lifestyle habits rich in antioxidant factors are crucial for protecting cognitive function in older adults.
Values associated with Nordic Walking: An international cross-sectional survey among individuals practicing walking with poles
Authors: Szymczak Wioletta , Jurek Krzysztof , Dobrogowska Monika 
Published: December 2024

Introduction
The article is devoted to the sociological exploration of the social phenomenon that Nordic Walking has become in Europe and worldwide over the recent decades.

Aim
It is based on the results of original international sociological research study on the issue of sociodemographic profiles of Nordic Walkers in the context of the values associated with this sports activity.

Methods
A cross-sectional quantitative study with convenience sampling study was performed among 416 Poles, 132 Europeans from 11 countries (Germany, the UK, Spain, France, Italy, Portugal, Ireland, Denmark, Austria, Sweden, and Norway), and 212 participants from 5 non-European countries (the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan). The study used an author’s tool that included questions concerning the ways of doing Nordic Walking and its and social and organizational contexts, its classification and interpretation as a health-related, recreational, or sports activity, its position in the space of everyday life and in the sphere of preferred values, motives for walking with poles, meanings attributed to this activity, and the individual and social benefits associated with it.

Results
The values most often associated with practicing Nordic Walking belong to the personal and psychophysical spheres. Their dominant position suggests that this activity is a complex one and that its advantages are not restricted to its motor aspects or to contact with nature. It is not a simple activity of walking with poles, as the initial stereotypes seem to suggest, but a kind of movement with a defined framework and a set of principles, engaging the physical and personal spheres of those who practice it, having a cultural meaning, and marked by cultural rootedness.

Conclusion
The research results can be useful for health care experts and for those responsible for building prevention strategies in various social groups. This is because they draw attention to the category of accessible and at the same time effective activities, with high individual and social potential. At the same time, they show that an important element of promotion strategies and social campaigns aimed at popularizing sport and healthy lifestyle should be axiological categories as significant predictors of individuals’ actions and decisions.
Abnormality in field physical test predicts a reduced quadriceps strength in patients with hip- or knee-osteoarthritis. A prospective observational study
Authors: Fanget Quentin , Verdilos Anargyros , Adelou Samuel , Reynaud Vivien , Boisgard Stéphane , Descamps Stéphane , Pereira Bruno , Richard Ruddy , Coudeyre Emmanuel , Costes Frédéric 
Published: December 2024

Background
In osteoarthritis quadriceps strength is an important outcome to assess exercise capacity and recovery after arthroplasty. However, its measurement is limited due to lack of time and the need for trained personnel and equipment whose accuracy is verified.

Objectives
To find out the determinants of a reduced quadriceps strength and to establish a score to screen for it.

Methods
In an observational prospective study, we evaluated patients presenting with an unilateral knee (KOA) or a hip (HOA) osteoarthritis before a scheduled arthroplasty. We measured body composition, exercise capacity, muscle strength, balance, WOMAC score, quality of life and physical activity. Isometric maximal voluntary quadriceps force (MVCq) was determined on both lower limbs and a reduced strength was retained when at least one measurement was lower than 1 standard deviation of normal value.

Results
We included 376 patients, 247 (66%) with KOA and 129 (34%) with HOA. Their mean age was 67±8 years, and mean BMI 31.4±6.9 kg/m2. MVCq was reduced in 217 (58%). Compared those with a preserved MVCq, these patients had a significant higher BMI and lean mass, a sex ratio (more men), an altered field physical tests and WOMAC score. The best logistic regression model for a decreased quadriceps force included pathology, age, sex, BMI, five sit to stand test (FTSST) and maximal gait speed (AUC was 0.87 [95%CI 0.83–0.90]). We developed a predictive equation for a reduced MVCq as follows: Y = 1/1+ exp[-(-0.051*age -1.25*max gait speed + 0.09*FTSST + 0.16*BMI + 1.1 (for KOA) + 2.41 (for male) -1.79].

Conclusion
MVCq is reduced with a high prevalence on patients with KOA or HOA. A low performance in one the selected field physical test associated with age and BMI allows to screen for those in whom a measurement of MVCq could be of interest before arthroplasty.