bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenological Changes of Soybean in Response to Climate Conditions in Frigid Region in China over the Past Decades
Authors: Gong Lijuan , Tian Baoxing , Li Yuguang , Wu Shuang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPlant phenology becoming a focus of current research worldwide is a sensitive indicator of global climate change. To understand observed soybean phenology and explore its climatic determinants in frigid region (Northeast China and northeast in Inner Mongolia), we studied the phenological changes of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] for the frigid region during 1981–2017, then analyzed the contribution of major causal climate factors to phenology based on multiple stepwise regression. Altogether, the average temperature from sowing to maturity (WGP) was significant increasing, accumulated precipitation and sunshine hours were decreasing. More than 50% of observations showed delays in sowing, emergence and maturity stage and short durations of sowing to flowering (VGP), flowering to maturity (RGP) and sowing to maturity (WGP). The late sowing was getting the following phenological timing backward, but the flowering and maturity delaying trends were much less than that of sowing timing due to the warming accelerated growth of soybean. Detailed analysis indicated mean temperature and accumulated precipitation of the 1–3 months immediately preceding the mean emergence, flowering and maturity dates influenced the phenological timing in higher latitude areas (HLJ and FL), while in JL and LN, accumulated precipitation and sunshine hours(replacing mean temperature) were the climatic determinants. These results brought light the importance of research and policy to support strategies for adaptation to local condition under the climate change.
Relationship Between Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause and 3D High-Frequency Endovaginal Ultrasound Measurement of Vaginal Wall Thickness
Authors: Peker Hakan , Gursoy Ali 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
To date, there is no certain method for diagnosis of genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) and vaginal atrophy.

Aim
We aim to evaluate vaginal wall thickness (VWT) using 3D high frequency endovaginal ultrasound (3D EVUS) in GSM and also to investigate whether there is any association between VWT and postmenopausal sexual dysfunction.

Methods
Postmenopausal women applied for routine gynecologic examination were assessed at the Outpatient Clinic of Gynecology, Maltepe University Hospital. After pelvic examination, GSM symptoms were questioned for all women and vaginal health scoring tool was applied. Twenty women with GSM and 20 women without GSM were included in the study.

Outcomes
All patients filled in the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and underwent 3D EVUS to evaluate VWT.

RESULTS
The women with GSM had significantly lower anterior and posterior VWT (P=.007 and P=.049, respectively). The total FSFI score, lubrication and pain sub-scores in patients with GSM was significantly lower than the patients without GSM. Anterior VWT was positively correlated with BMI and pain sub-score of FSFI (r=0.279, P=.047; r=0.344, P=.013, respectively). A significant negative correlation was detected between anterior vaginal VWT and age, time since menopause and satisfaction sub-score of FSFI (r=-0.332, P=.017; r=-0.354, P=.011; r=-0.301, P=.032, respectively). Posterior VWT was positively correlated with FSFI total score, arousal, lubrication and pain sub-scores (r=0.451, P=.001; r=0.437, P=.001; r=0.415, P=.002; r=0.335, P=.016; respectively).

Clinical Implications
Based on our results, measurement of VWT using 3D EVUS can be a useful non-invasive tool for the objective diagnosis of GSM.

Strengths and Limitations
Considering that only total vaginal thickness can be measured with traditional transabdominal and transvaginal techniques, the main strength of the study is the use of 3D EVUS for separate measurement of anterior and posterior VWT. The study has sufficient statistical power. The small sample size of study is the main limitation.

CONCLUSION
The 3D EVUS can be used for objective diagnosis of GSM and can also shed light on the causes of various sexual dysfunction symptoms in postmenopausal women, as it enables measuring the anterior and posterior walls of the vagina separately.
Anatomy and physiology of the palatine tonsils, adenoids, and lingual tonsils
Authors: Arambula Alexandra , Brown Jason R. , Neff Laura 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveThis review aims to discuss the basic anatomy and physiology of the palatine and pharyngeal tonsils, with reference to how this foundational understanding may affect patient management and surgical procedures in these regions of the upper airway.MethodsA literature search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar using the MeSH terms tonsils, adenoids, anatomy, physiology, and adenotonsillectomy. Primary sources were excluded if they were abstracts only, non‐English language, or non‐human studies. Thirty‐five sources were included in this review.Results and conclusionsThe pharyngeal and palatine tonsils are compact yet physiologically complex mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissues that make up a portion of Waldeyer's ring. As part of the mucosal immune system, these structures function in exogenous antigen sampling and stimulation of immune responses. Aberrant immune activation and/or regulation can lead to a myriad of pathologies, with adenotonsillar hypertrophy, chronic tonsillitis/adenoiditis, and recurrent otitis media among the most commonly encountered conditions by otolaryngologists. While the pathophysiology of these conditions is still incompletely understood, current evidence and future investigations may reveal patterns amenable to targeted medical management. When medical management fails, tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy may be indicated for patient care. Though routine procedures, the execution of tonsil and/or adenoid removal requires a thorough understanding of the anatomy of these lymphoepithelial organs so as to minimize the risk for rare serious complications that can occur.
Role and relation in Confucian IR: Relating to strangers in the states of nature
Authors: Shih Chih-yu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe literature on International Relations theory has yet to align relational theory with role theory, despite the fact that these two theories share so much epistemological common ground. This article uses role theory to bridge the gap between the Confucian and Western conceptions of relationality, whose practitioners regard each other as strangers. With the support of role theory, the comparative analysis of relationality in this article has mainly focused on two different types of relations: prior rule-based relations and improvised relations. The differences in the cultural preparation for these two relations partially explain the plurality of the relational universe and the perception of stranger. Role theory is one way to reconnect the seemingly irreconcilable relational universes. To illustrate the value of a composite agenda of relational theory and role theory, the article will use Kim Jong-un of North Korea as its case. Confucian relations propose that, for all nations, the necessity of having a certain role relation is a more important agenda than insisting on exactly what role to take.
Pre-operative assessment of pediatric congenital heart disease patients in the COVID-19 era: lessons learned
Authors: Younis Nour K. , Zareef Rana O. , Diab Marwa A. , El Sedawi Omar , El-Rassi Issam M. , Bitar Fadi , Arabi Mariam 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground:Equal to COVID-19 patients, non-COVID-19 patients are affected by the medical and social drawbacks of the COVID-19 pandemic. A significant reduction in elective life-changing surgeries has been witnessed in almost all affected countries. This study discusses an applicable and effective pre-operative assessment protocol that can be applied during the COVID-19 era.Methods:Our study is a descriptive retrospective observational study that involves children with CHD requiring open-heart surgeries at our tertiary care centre between March and November, 2020. We reviewed the charts of eligible patients aged 18 years and below. We identified the total numbers of scheduled, performed, and postponed surgeries, respectively. A thorough description of the clinical and physical presentation of the postponed cases, who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, is provided.Results:Sixty-eight open-heart surgeries were scheduled at our centre between March and November, 2020. Three surgeries (4%) were postponed due to COVID-19. The three patients were asymptomatic COVID-19 cases detected on routine SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction testing. No symptoms of cough, chest pain, dyspnea, rhinorrhea, diarrhea, abdominal pain, anosmia, and ageusia were reported by our patients. All patients were afebrile and hemodynamically stable. Owing to the pre-operative assessment protocol that was implemented after the first case was detected, only three healthcare workers were at risk of COVID-19 transmission and were imposed to infectious evaluation and home quarantine.Conclusions:Adopting our discussed preoperative COVID-19 assessment protocol for CHD patients is an effective method to detect COVID-19 infections, optimise patient care, and ensure healthcare workers’ safety.
Strengthening approaches to respond to the social and emotional well-being needs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people: the Cultural Pathways Program
Authors: Brodie Tina , Pearson Odette , Cantley Luke , Cooper Peita , Westhead Seth , Brown Alex , Howard Natasha J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander holistic health represents the interconnection of social, emotional, spiritual and cultural factors on health and well-being. Social factors (education, employment, housing, transport, food and financial security) are internationally described and recognised as the social determinants of health. The social determinants of health are estimated to contribute to 34% of the overall burden of disease experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Primary health care services currently ‘do what it takes’ to address social and emotional well-being needs, including the social determinants of health, and require culturally relevant tools and processes for implementing coordinated and holistic responses. Drawing upon a research-setting pilot program, this manuscript outlines key elements encapsulating a strengths-based approach aimed at addressing Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander holistic social and emotional well-being.
The Cultural Pathways Program is a response to community identified needs, designed and led by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and informed by holistic views of health. The program aims to identify holistic needs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people as the starting point to act on the social determinants of health. Facilitators implement strengths-based practice to identify social and cultural needs (e.g. cultural and community connection, food and financial security, housing, mental health, transport), engage in a goal setting process and broker connections with social and health services. An integrated culturally appropriate clinical supervision model enhances delivery of the program through reflective practice and shared decision making. These embedded approaches enable continuous review and improvement from a program and participant perspective. A developmental evaluation underpins program implementation and the proposed culturally relevant elements could be further tailored for delivery within primary health care services as part of routine care to strengthen systematic identification and response to social and emotional well-being needs.
Paleoclimate Signals and Groundwater Age Distributions From 39 Public Water Works in the Netherlands; Insights From Noble Gases and Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotope Tracers
Authors: Broers Hans Peter , Sültenfuß Jürgen , Aeschbach Werner , Kersting Arne , Menkovich Armin , de Weert Jasperien , Castelijns Jeroen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractKnowing the age distribution of water abstracted from public water supply wells helps to ensure customer trust in drinking water sources and underpin predictions of water quality evolution. We sampled the mixed water of 39 large public supply well fields for major ion chemistry, 3H, 3He, 18O, 2H, 14CDIC, 13CDIC and noble gases and determined the Noble Gas Temperature (NGT). We used a discrete travel time distribution model to quantify the age distributions using 3H, 4He, 14C apparent age and NGT as the 4 distinctive tracers. Helium‐4 and NGT provided information on the older part of the age distributions and showed that the 14C apparent ages are often the result of mixing of waters ranging between 2,000 and 35,000 years old, instead of being discrete ages with a limited variance as previously assumed. The results reveal a large range of age distributions, comprising vulnerable well fields with >60% young water (<100 years) and well fields with >30% paleo groundwater (>25,000 years) and all forms of intermediate distributions. The age distributions match the hydrogeological setting; well fields with age distributions skewed towards older ages appear in the Roer Valley Graben structure, where fluvial and marine aquitards and sealed faults provide protection from recent recharge. Waters from this graben exhibit paleoclimate signals, with a clear relation between NGT (range 3.2–9.3 °C), 4He (up to 3.3 × 10−6 ccSTP/g) and δ18O (range −8.5‰ to −5.9‰VSMOW). Moreover, 3He/4He ratios of these graben waters suggest a certain influx of He from mantle origin.
Directional and Frequency Spread of Surface Ocean Waves From SWIM Measurements
Authors: Le Merle Eva , Hauser Danièle , Peureux Charles , Aouf Lotfi , Schippers Patricia , Dufour Christophe , Dalphinet Alice 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe “China France Oceanography Satellite” (CFOSAT) launched in 2018 now routinely provides directional ocean wave spectra at the global scale. It consists of analyzing the normalized radar cross‐section measured by the near‐nadir pointing Ku‐Band real‐aperture scanning radar SWIM (Surface Waves Investigation and Monitoring). The significant wave height, dominant wavelength and direction are provided as the main parameters, but here, we analyze additional parameters, namely the frequency width of the omni‐directional spectra, the directional spread of the dominant waves, and the related Benjamin‐Feir index. This latter was proposed in the literature to estimate the probability of extreme waves. We discuss the geographical distributions of these parameters, their relation with sea‐state conditions, and their similarities and differences with respect to the same parameters obtained from the MFWAM numerical wave model and buoy data. We find that the SWIM omni‐directional spectra are narrower and more peaked than the model spectra and that these differences are more obvious in the high sea‐state conditions encountered in the Southern Ocean. We find that under the intense conditions of the Southern Ocean, the SWIM directional spread at the peak is the smallest for swell, the largest for young wind seas, and takes intermediate values for mature wind seas. The directional Benjamin‐Feir index is similar for SWIM and MFWAM, but this is mainly due to compensating effects in the parameters contributing to this index. The results indicate that these shape parameters may be used in the future to better describe the wave space‐time evolution.
Explore the Echo Characteristics of HF Radar in Artificial Disturbance Ionosphere Using Ray‐Tracing Technology
Authors: Hu Y. G. , Zhu X. L. , Jiang C. H. , Zhao Z. Y. , Zhang Y. N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractArtificial ionospheric hole created by the release of neutral gases (such as sulfur hexafluoride) has a significant impact on the propagation of radio waves. Based on the ray‐tracing method, the propagation patterns of HF radio waves in the ionospheric hole and the characteristics of its echoes are discussed in this paper. The results show that the HF waves will be deflected and bended while passing through the ionospheric hole, thus changing its original path. The sounding frequency, elevation angle, position of transmitter and receiver, and the dynamic variation of the hole all affect the reception of echoes. Generally, when the frequency is low, the echoes received on the ground mainly come from rays with low‐elevation angles, and the multi‐hop rays are more likely to occur. While with a high frequency, the received echoes are mainly contributed by high‐elevation rays. It is not conducive to the reception of the echoes if the transmitter and receiver is too far away from the hole. Single‐peak, double‐peak and multi‐peak echo signals can be found in the group path‐amplitude diagram, and the maximum group path difference can reflect the size of the ionospheric hole to some extent. Due to the dynamic evolution of the hole, the propagation of HF waves and received echoes also changes over time. The group path‐time diagrams show that the come‐back echoes mainly appear in the period of 20–100 s after release. The results of this paper have a guiding significance for the diagnosis and application of active experiments.
Disruption of NEUROD2 causes a neurodevelopmental syndrome with autistic features via cell-autonomous defects in forebrain glutamatergic neurons
Authors: Runge Karen , Mathieu Rémi , Bugeon Stéphane , Lafi Sahra , Beurrier Corinne , Sahu Surajit , Schaller Fabienne , Loubat Arthur , Herault Leonard , Gaillard Stéphane , Pallesi-Pocachard Emilie , Montheil Aurélie , Bosio Andreas , Rosenfeld Jill A. , Hudson Eva , Lindstrom Kristin , Mercimek-Andrews Saadet , Jeffries Lauren , van Haeringen Arie , Vanakker Olivier , Van Hecke Audrey , Amrom Dina , Küry Sebastien , Ratner Chana , Jethva Reena , Gamble Candace , Jacq Bernard , Fasano Laurent , Santpere Gabriel , Lorente-Galdos Belen , Sestan Nenad , Gelot Antoinette , Giacuzz Sylvie , Goebbels Sandra , Represa Alfonso , Cardoso Carlos , Cremer Harold , de Chevigny Antoine 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhile the transcription factor NEUROD2 has recently been associated with epilepsy, its precise role during nervous system development remains unclear. Using a multi-scale approach, we set out to understand howNeurod2deletion affects the development of the cerebral cortex in mice. InNeurod2KO embryos, cortical projection neurons over-migrated, thereby altering the final size and position of layers. In juvenile and adults, spine density and turnover were dysregulated in apical but not basal compartments in layer 5 neurons. Patch-clamp recordings in layer 5 neurons of juvenile mice revealed increased intrinsic excitability. Bulk RNA sequencing showed dysregulated expression of many genes associated with neuronal excitability and synaptic function, whose human orthologs were strongly associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). At the behavior level,Neurod2KO mice displayed social interaction deficits, stereotypies, hyperactivity, and occasionally spontaneous seizures. Mice heterozygous forNeurod2had similar defects, indicating thatNeurod2is haploinsufficient. Finally, specific deletion ofNeurod2in forebrain excitatory neurons recapitulated cellular and behavioral phenotypes found in constitutive KO mice, ﻿revealing the region-specific contribution of dysfunctionalNeurod2in symptoms. Informed by these neurobehavioral features in mouse mutants, we identified eleven patients from eight families with a neurodevelopmental disorder including intellectual disability and ASD associated withNEUROD2pathogenic mutations. Our findings demonstrate crucial roles forNeurod2in neocortical development, whose alterations can cause neurodevelopmental disorders including intellectual disability and ASD.
Interactive relations between maternal prenatal stress, fetal brain connectivity, and gestational age at delivery
Authors: Thomason Moriah E. , Hect Jasmine L. , Waller Rebecca , Curtin Paul 
Published: June 2021

AbstractStudies reporting significant associations between maternal prenatal stress and child outcomes are frequently confounded by correlates of prenatal stress that influence the postnatal rearing environment. The major objective of this study is to identify whether maternal prenatal stress is associated with variation in human brain functional connectivity prior to birth. We utilized fetal fMRI in 118 fetuses [48 female; mean age 32.9 weeks (SD = 3.87)] to evaluate this association and further addressed whether fetal neural differences were related to maternal health behaviors, social support, or birth outcomes. Community detection was used to empirically define networks and enrichment was used to isolate differential within- or between-network connectivity effects. Significance for χ2enrichment was determined by randomly permuting the subject pairing of fetal brain connectivity and maternal stress values 10,000 times. Mixtures modelling was used to test whether fetal neural differences were related to maternal health behaviors, social support, or birth outcomes. Increased maternal prenatal negative affect/stress was associated with alterations in fetal frontoparietal, striatal, and temporoparietal connectivity (β = 0.82,p < 0.001). Follow-up analysis demonstrated that these associations were stronger in women with better health behaviors, more positive interpersonal support, and lower overall stress (β = 0.16,p = 0.02). Additionally, magnitude of stress-related differences in neural connectivity was marginally correlated with younger gestational age at delivery (β = −0.18,p = 0.05). This is the first evidence that negative affect/stress during pregnancy is reflected in functional network differences in the human brain in utero, and also provides information about how positive interpersonal and health behaviors could mitigate prenatal brain programming.
Stresses affect inbreeding depression in complex ways: disentangling stress-specific genetic effects from effects of initial size in plants
Authors: Sandner Tobias M. , Matthies Diethart , Waller Donald M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe magnitude of inbreeding depression (ID) varies unpredictably among environments. ID often increases in stressful environments suggesting that these expose more deleterious alleles to selection or increase their effects. More simply, ID could increase under conditions that amplify phenotypic variation (CV²), e.g., by accentuating size hierarchies among plants. These mechanisms are difficult to distinguish when stress increases both ID and phenotypic variation. We grew in- and outbred progeny of Mimulus guttatus under six abiotic stress treatments (control, waterlogging, drought, nutrient deficiency, copper addition, and clipping) with and without competition by the grass Poa palustris. ID differed greatly among stress treatments with δ varying from 7% (control) to 61% (waterlogging) but did not consistently increase with stress intensity. Poa competition increased ID under nutrient deficiency but not other stresses. Analyzing effects of initial size on performance of outbred plants suggests that under some conditions (low N, clipping) competition increased ID by amplifying initial size differences. In other cases (e.g., high ID under waterlogging), particular environments amplified the deleterious genetic effects of inbreeding suggesting differential gene expression. Interestingly, conditions that increased the phenotypic variability of inbred progeny regularly increased ID whereas variability among outbred progeny showed no relationship to ID. Our study reconciles the stress- and phenotypic variability hypotheses by demonstrating how specific conditions (rather than stress per se) act to increase ID. Analyzing CV² separately in inbred and outbred progeny while including effects of initial plant size improve our ability to predict how ID and gene expression vary across environments.