bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient and economical degradation of minocycline by natural bornite-activated hydrogen peroxide and persulfate: kinetics and mechanisms
Authors: Yuan Taikang , Wang Xu-dong , Zhao Xiaochen , Liu Tingting , Zhang Hongmin , Lv Yongtao , Wang Lei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Natural bornite (NBo), a sulfide mineral of copper and iron, is one of the main mineral raw materials for copper extraction. In this study, NBo-activated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and persulfate processes (PS) for the degradation of minocycline (MNC) in aqueous solution were systemically investigated and compared. The MNC removal rates with the NBo/PS and NBo/H2O2 processes were 86.40% and 87.50%, respectively. The mineralization rate of NBo/PS (33.96%) was higher than that of NBo/H2O2 (29.94%) after reaction for 180 min. The effects of oxidant and activator dosage, pH, common inorganic anions (i.e., Cl−, NO3−, and HCO3−), and water composition on MNC degradation were systematically evaluated. In addition, the degradation of MNC in natural water matrix and toxicity evaluation were also studied to better evaluate the feasibility of practical application of those two processes. The results of free radical quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) showed that HO· was the main activated species in the NBo/H2O2 system, while SO4·− and HO· were the main activated species in the NBo/PS system. The degradation of MNC in the NBo/PS system was achieved through electron transfer, while the degradation of MNC in the NBo/H2O2 system was mainly achieved through free radical addition. The degradation pathway mainly included deamidation reactions, C-C bond breakage and hydroxylation. Reusability of NBo showed that NBo was considerably stable in activating PS and H2O2 for degradation of MNC, which was cost-effective activator. This work provides a new perspective on the degradation mechanism of pollutants by Fe-Cu bimetallic sulfide activation of PS and H2O2.
A Global Review and Network Analysis of Phytophagous Insect Interactions With Ferns and Lycophytes
Authors: Fuentes-Jacques Luis Javier , Hanson-Snortum Paul , Hernández-Ortiz Vicente , Díaz-Castelazo Cecilia , Mehltreter Klaus 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Ferns are the second largest lineage of vascular plants, yet our understanding of their interactions with phytophagous insects is very limited. Which insects feed on ferns? Do insects prefer specific fern taxa? Which feeding habit is the most common on ferns? Is there any evidence for coevolution between insects and ferns? Is our current knowledge on fern-insect interactions biased? To answer these questions, we analyzed 2,318 records of fern-insect interactions from 122 literature sources, based on the feeding habit of insects, fern taxa, and geographic location. We found evidence for interactions comprising 809 insect species (mainly Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, and Coleoptera) and 382 fern species (mainly Dennstaedtiaceae, Dryopteridaceae, and Pteridaceae). Leaf chewers contributed over 50% of the species, followed by sap-sucking insects (29.1%) and spore feeders (6.5%). The overall interaction analyses revealed that the entire fern-insect network had medium levels of nestedness (NODF = 43.37) and relatively low levels of specialization (H2’ = 0.24). The interaction networks of fern-feeding Coleoptera were the most specialized at family (H2’ = 0.40) and genus level (H2’ = 0.65), whereas 6 out of 10 most specialized insect families were Lepidoptera (d’ ≥ 0.44). At the genus level, all networks had a fern-biased asymmetry. Although fern-feeding generalists were common, few cases of coevolutionary radiation have been documented. We discuss the possible biases of our dataset, which also highlight gaps to perform future research, and suggest that many more phytophagous insects on ferns remain to be discovered, especially sap-sucking, gall-forming, and spore-feeding insects on modern fern groups.
Terahertz absorption characteristics of guar gum determined via microfluidic technology
Authors: Zhang Fengxuan , Wang Guoyang , Huang Haiyun , Chen Menghan , Zhang Sijia , Su Bo , Zhang Cunlin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The vibrational energy levels of many biomolecules correspond to the terahertz band; thus, terahertz technology can be used to identify these substances. Moreover, as the biological activity of most biomolecules can be observed only in aqueous solution, the characteristics of such biomolecules must be studied in aqueous solution. In this study, a simple microfluidic chip, a temperature control device and a strong electric field device were designed to study the terahertz absorption characteristics of guar gum for different temperatures, concentrations and electric field exposure durations, thus enabling the use of terahertz technology to analyse the characteristics of guar gum.
A study on the Safety of Percutaneous Tracheostomy in Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Novel Corona Virus 2 (SARS-nCoV2) Infection: A Single-center Observational Cohort Study in a CoVID Intensive Care Unit.
Authors: Kumar Krishna , Joshi Aditya , Nair Ranjith , Setlur Rangraj , Kapoor Rajan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: We studied the safety of percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PCDT) in severe acute respiratory syndrome novel coronavirus 2 (SARS-nCoV2). Patients & Methods: From 01 March 20 to 30 November 2020, 1635 required hospital admission of which 145 (9%) required intensive (ICU) care. The primary outcomes are mortality and secondary outcomes were duration of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), length of stay (LOS) in ICU and hospital, & days required for decannulation.Results: Out of the 145 (9%), 107 (73.7%) were males (mean 61.4 years, median body mass index (BMI) of 28.2 kg/m2 ), 38 (26.2%) were females (mean 58.10 years, median BMI of 31.2 kg/m2). In the cohort of 80 (55.17%) requiring IMV, 19 (23.7%) died within 72 hours and were not included in the study, 37 (group “NT”) and 24 (group “T”) had a median duration of ventilation of 9 d (IQR, 6-11) and 12 d (IQR, 11-17.25) respectively. Patients in group “T” underwent PCDT based on clinical criteria (fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2 ) of ≤ 50% with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of ≤ 10 cms of H2O with stable hemodynamics), 16 (66.7%) had survived. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) does not need to be negative, and none of the health care workers (HCW’s) were infected. The Cox-hazard ratio [HR] is 0.19, 95% Confidence interval [CI] (0.09, 0.41) with a P-value of <0.001, 83 (57.2%) were discharged with a mortality of 42.8%. Conclusions: PCDT is safe and effective in patients anticipated in need of prolonged mechanical ventilation.
Climate-driven sea level extremes compounded by marine heatwaves in coastal Indonesia
Authors: Han Weiqing , Zhang Lei , Meehl Gerald , Kido Shoichiro , Tozuka Tomoki , Li Yuanlong , McPhaden Michael , Hu Aixue , Cazenave Anny , Rosenbloom Nan , Strand Gary , West Bryan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The low-lying coastal and island regions are vulnerable to sea level rise and extreme events. Compounded by marine heatwaves, sea level extremes have devastating impacts on coastal community and marine ecosystems. As long tide gauge records are sparse, sea level extremes around Indonesia are poorly understood, and the Compound Height-Heat EXtreme (C-HHEX) events remain unexplored. Here we combine in situ and satellite observations with model simulations, to investigate the long-lasting (>1 month) sea level extremes and C-HHEXs along Indonesian coasts of the Indian Ocean since the 1960s. We find that 90% (80%) of the extreme sea level (C-HHEX) events, with a maximum monthly sea level anomaly of 0.45m, are clustered in an 8yr period of 2010-2017, due to anthropogenic global sea level rise and decadal enhancement driven by changing surface winds associated with a combined invigoration of the Indian and Pacific Walker Cells, atmospheric overturning circulations in east-west direction. Remote and local surface wind anomalies associated with negative phases of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) - enhanced by La Niña – drive individual C-HHEX events under a precondition of shallow thermocline (a region of subsurface ocean with temperature decreases rapidly downward). By contrast, winds associated with monsoon and its intraseasonal oscillations force the sea level alone events under a deep thermocline condition. We conclude that the shoaling thermocline in eastern Indian Ocean under anthropogenic warming and global sea level rise favorably precondition the ocean for stronger and more frequent sea level extremes and C-HHEXs, increasing the environmental stress on Indonesia.
Does unpaid caregiving erode working hours among middle-aged Chinese adults?
Authors: Chai Huamin , Fu Rui , Coyte Peter C. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Middle-aged adults are commonly confronted with the burden of paid work and multiple caregiving roles. This paper examines the relationship between weekly hours of unpaid caregiving and hours of work using data from the baseline survey of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. The analysis was conducted on a nationally representative sample of 3,645 working-age Chinese adults aged 45-60 years who were not farming and had a young grandchild and/or a parent/parent-in-law. For women and men separately, we combined the use of a Heckman selection procedure and instrumental variables to estimate the relationship between weekly caregiving hours and hours of work. A caregiving threshold was also identified for women and men separately to allow for the testing of a kink and/or a discontinuity in this relationship. We found that for women, their working hours were initially unrelated to hours of caregiving before the threshold of 72 caregiving hours per week; then, their working hours experienced an almost two-fold increase at the caregiving threshold before falling by 2.02 percent for each additional hour of caregiving beyond the threshold. For men, their hours of work fell by 2.74 percent for each hourly increment in caregiving. Although a caregiving threshold of 112 hours was identified for men, there was insufficient evidence for a statistically significant kink or discontinuity in this relationship. These findings provide support for a range of fiscal and human resource policies that target employed family caregivers in order to advance their well-being while also maintaining their work productivity.JEL Classification: D13, J21, J22
Climate Defined but Not Soil-restricted: The Distribution of a Neotropical tree through Space and Time
Authors: Alvarez Facundo , Morandi Paulo S , Marimon-Junior Ben Hur , Exavier Reginal , Araújo Igor , Mariano Lucas H , Muller Angelica Oliveira , Feldpausch Ted R , Marimon Beatriz Schwantes 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
AimsBrosimum rubescens, a tree species with a Neotropical distribution, can achieve local monodominance in Southern Amazonia forests. Understanding how and why this species varies across space and time is important because the monodominance of some species alters ecosystems complexity. Here we evaluate the fundamental ecological niche of B. rubescens by species distribution models (SDM), combining predictive environmental variables with occurrence points. We specifically aim to 1) determine how the spatial distribution patterns of B. rubescens vary with different environmental predictive variables, and 2) evaluate the temporal and spatial persistence of B. rubescens in the Neotropics. MethodsTo generate the SDMs, the predictive environmental variables were incorporated as main components of climatic, hydric and soil variables. ResultsAll algorithms show higher performance in spatial predictions for hydric variables and for the combination of climatic, hydric and edaphic variables. We identified that the potential niches of B. rubescens seem to be defined by climatic fluctuations, with the edaphic conditions being predictive variables that are not restrictive of their presence on the evaluated spatial scale. From the LMG (Last Glacial Maximum) to the present, the species seems to have increased its spatial amplitude; however, from the present to the future, predictions suggest that B. rubescens will experience a considerable loss of its range. ConclusionsOur findings show the independent and combined effects of different environmental variables, allowing us to identify which limit or facilitate the spatial distribution of B. rubescens. We corroborate the spatial persistence and geographical fidelity of the species' spatial patterns over time.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Social Economy and Sustainability
Authors: Wei Xueli , Li Lijing , Zhang Fan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Corona virus has been raging on across the world affecting hundreds of countries and billions of people. Naturally, it has had huge impacts on the world economy as a whole and the lives of people. This study aims to find out the effects that the COVID-19 has had on social economy and sustainability. The study takes up the primary aspects of social well-being like Poverty, Employment, The Condition of Women, Global Trade and Food Security and tries to find out the impact that the pandemic had on them. Analysing secondary data and reports from major international organisations like the United Nations and World Bank, this paper concludes that the effects of the pandemic have been huge. All the major aspects of the social economy have been affected by the pandemic and have resulted in huge losses in terms of economic well-being and social capital.
Evaluation of MQL Performances Using Various Nanofluids in Turning of AISI 304 Stainless Steel
Authors: TOUGGUI Youssef , Uysal Alper , Emiroglu Uğur , Belhadi Salim , Temmar Mustapha 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In recent years, the need for eco-friendly machining processes has increased dramatically in order to limit the excessive use of conventional cutting fluids, thereby reducing their negative effects on both environment and operator’s health. In this context, dry cutting, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) and nanofluid assisted MQL, as environmentally alternatives, have been positively shown their significance to overcome this problem. This experimental study was conducted from the perspective of performance analysis of machining characteristics in turning of AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel (ASS) under dry, MQL and nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids assisted MQL conditions with consideration of surface roughness (Ra), main cutting forces (Fc) and cutting temperature (T). In preparing the nanofluids, nano Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and nano graphene particles were added to the commercial vegetable cutting fluid as additives. Additionally, the effects of lubricating conditions on flank wear (VB) were investigated. In the end, statistical analysis, regression modeling and multi-criteria optimization based desirability function were performed. The results revealed that the Ra, Fc and T as well as VB were found to be lower with the use of nano graphene reinforced nanofluid assisted MQL followed by nano graphene/MoS2 reinforced hybrid nanofluid assisted MQL, MWCNT/MoS2 reinforced hybrid nanofluid assisted MQL, MWCNT reinforced nanofluid assisted MQL, nano MoS2 reinforced nanofluid assisted MQL and MQL, respectively, as compared to dry condition. Finally, it is worth mentioning that the nano graphene has the capability to perform as lubricant/coolant, thus contributing positively to the turning process.
PVP Assisted Grass-like NiSe@ZnSe Composite for Environmental Energy Applications
Authors: Vidhya M. Sangeetha , Yuvakkumar R , Ravi G. , Pannipara Mehboobali , Al-Sehemi Abdullah G. , Velauthapillai Dhayalan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Well defined NiSe@ZnSe composite electrode is synthesized along with Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) surfactant whose redox behavior is an interesting approach towards the boosting performance of the supercapacitor. The as-prepared samples were examined through standard characterization techniques. High crystallinity suggests that prepared composite NiSe@ZnSe is well appropriate for the application concerning the supercapacitor electrode material. The Raman spectroscopy identifies the functional group, vibrations, stretching of bonds and presence of defects in the samples. The surface to volume ratio of the loosely packed grass-like structures result in availability of more surface area for the electrolyte which lead to the enhanced reaction rates. As-prepared active synthesized product revealed 442 Fg-1 electrochemical capacitance at 1 Ag-1 with 99.3% high rate capability at 10 Ag-1 after 2000 cycles. Besides, notably capacity retention of the sandwiched asymmetric NiSe@ZnSe//AC device maintains 99.48% after constant charge discharge 2000 cycles displays outstanding electrochemical stability.
A homogeneous high-DAR antibody-drug conjugate platform combining THIOMABTM antibodies and XTEN polypeptides
Authors: Zacharias Neelie , Podust Vladimir , Kajihara Kimberly , leipold Douglas , Rosario Geoffrey Del , Dong Emily , Paluch Maciej , Fischer David , Zheng Kai , Lei Corinna , He Jintang , Ng Carl , Su Dian , Liu Luna , Masih Shabkhaiz , Sawyer William , Tinianow Jeff , Marik Jan , Yip Victor , Li Guangmin , Chuh Josefa , Morisaki John , Park Summer , Zheng Bing , Hernandez-Barry Hilda , Loyet Kelly , Xu Min , Kozak Katherine , Phillips Gail , Shen Ben-Quan , Wu Cong , Xu Keyang , Yu Shang-Fan , Kamath Amrita , Rowntree Rebecca , Reilly Dorothea , Pillow Thomas H. , Polson Andrew , Schellenberger Volker , Hazenbos Wouter , Sadowsky Jack 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) enable cell-specific delivery of small molecules and are validated anti-cancer therapeutics. One factor limiting ADC advancement and broader application is the drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR), which dictates the number of payloads that can be delivered per antibody. With few exceptions, efficacious ADCs with DAR > 4 are inaccessible due to aggregation or rapid clearance in vivo. Here, we report a versatile platform for the generation of homogeneous ADCs with DAR up to 18, combining Cys-engineered THIOMAB antibodies and XTEN polypeptides to give “TXCs”. We show that high-DAR TXCs are stable biochemically and in vivo. We demonstrate that two different cytotoxic TXCs directed toward a tumor xenograft and one TXC targeting Staphylococcus aureus have comparable pharmacokinetics, but significantly enhanced efficacy in vivo versus conventional low-DAR ADCs. Our data suggest that high-DAR TXCs may ultimately offer several advantages versus conventional ADCs, including increased therapeutic index and efficacious delivery of less potent payloads.
Developing Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland using Pumice and Chrysopogon zizanioides for Tannery Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Aregu Mekonnen Birhanie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: High-strength wastewater defined by elevated levels of hazardous pollutants measured in BOD, heavy metals, nutrients and other toxic substances. This kind of wastewater discharged to water body without treatment from different industrial sectors that adversely affects aquatic environment and downstream water consumers. The general objective of this study is to investigate efficient substrate with selected plant type for constructed wetland to remove hazardous pollutants from tannery wastewater. This study was conducted at Modjo town from 2016 to 2018. Plug flow experimental study design was carried out. The substrate (Pumice) was collected around the study area and chemical characteristics were determined. Chrysopogon zizanioides was planted and grown for five months before running tannery wastewater for the treatment. The composite wastewater was introduced to the constructed wetland from Modjo leather industry, Ethiopia. The physicochemical analysis of the sample wastewater was done before and after treatment at four different hydraulic retention time.Results: Characterization of the untreated tannery wastewater revealed that the mean concentration of BOD5, COD, TSS, PO4-P, TP, NO3-N, TN and total chromium were 1641±373.6, 6953.33±339.4, 1868±863.1, 88.06 ±40.8, 144.53 ±20.8, 116.66 ±26.6, 650.33 ±93.6 and 18.33±6.7 mg/l respectively beyond the permissible limits. The maximum removal efficiency of the constructed wetland in pumice bed revealed that BOD5 at HRT 7and 9 days (96.42%, 96.30%), COD at HRT 5 and 7 days (96.76%, 96.91%), NO3-N at HRT 5 and 7 days (99.99%, 99.68%), TN (98.67%, 99.00%), PO4-P HRT 7and 9 days (96.97%,100%), TP at HRT 5 and 7 days (94.79%, 96.17%) and total Chromium at HRT 5 and 7 days (98.36%, 98.91%) respectively. Whereas, the removal efficiency of constructed wetland bed with gravel substrate used as a control subject with similar condition to pumice showed lower performance. The result between pumice and gravel bed was tested for their significance difference using two sample t-test statistics. Based on the test statistics, the pumice substrate perform better than the gravel significantly at 95% confidence interval, p-value = 0.01.Conclusion: Pumice substrate and Chrysopogon zizanioides have a potential ability to remove hazardous pollutants from tannery wastewater in horizontal subsurface constructed wetlands.
Phenolic Resin-coated Porous Silicon/carbon Microspheres Anode Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Jingli , Wu Xian-ming , Chen Shang , Long Rui-lai , Yin Cai shuo , Zhang Feng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Porous silicon/carbon (Si/C) anode materials for Lithium-ion batteries was synthesized successfully by hydrochloric acid etching and calcination method using micron Si-Al alloy as silicon source and phenolic resin as carbon source. The microstructure and morphology were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS and BET. The electrochemical performance were measured by constant current charge-discharge test and EIS. The results show that Si/C is porous structure and its pores are distributed between 1-6 nm. The specific discharge specific capacity of Si/C is 1287.0 mAh/g at a current density of 100 mA/g after 50 cycles, corresponding to the capacity retention of 91.0% (for the second cycle). Si/C delivers a high specific discharge capacity of 605.9 and 359.0 mAh/g at 1 A/g and 2 A/g, respectively. The lithium ion diffusion coefficient of Si/C is 5.98×10-11 cm2 s−1, which is higher than that of 7.57×10-12 cm2 s−1 for porous Si.