bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuronal apoptosis induced by morphine withdrawal is mediated by the p75 neurotrophin receptor
Authors: Asuni Gino P. , Speidell Andrew , Mocchetti Italo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMorphine withdrawal evokes neuronal apoptosis through mechanisms that are still under investigation. We have previously shown that morphine withdrawal increases the levels of pro‐brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a proneurotrophin that promotes neuronal apoptosis through the binding and activation of the pan‐neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75NTR). In this work, we sought to examine whether morphine withdrawal increases p75NTR‐driven signaling events. We employed a repeated morphine treatment‐withdrawal paradigm in order to investigate biochemical and histological indicators of p75NTR‐mediated neuronal apoptosis in mice. We found that repeated cycles of spontaneous morphine withdrawal promote an accumulation of p75NTR in hippocampal synapses. At the same time, TrkB, the receptor that is crucial for BDNF‐mediated synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, was decreased, suggesting that withdrawal alters the neurotrophin receptor environment to favor synaptic remodeling and apoptosis. Indeed, we observed evidence of neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus, including activation of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and increased active caspase‐3. These effects were not seen in saline or morphine‐treated mice which had not undergone withdrawal. To determine whether p75NTR was necessary in promoting these outcomes, we repeated these experiments in p75NTR heterozygous mice. The lack of one p75NTR allele was sufficient to prevent the increases in phosphorylated JNK and active caspase‐3. Our results suggest that p75NTR participates in the neurotoxic and proinflammatory state evoked by morphine withdrawal. Because p75NTR activation negatively influences synaptic repair and promotes cell death, preventing opioid withdrawal is crucial for reducing neurotoxic mechanisms accompanying opioid use disorders.
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A microanatomical and histological study of the scales of the Devonian sarcopterygianMiguashaia bureauiand the evolution of the squamation in coelacanths
Authors: Mondéjar‐Fernández Jorge , Meunier François J. , Cloutier Richard , Clément Gaël , Laurin Michel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCoelacanths have traditionally been described as morphologically conservative throughout their long evolutionary history, which spans more than 400 million years. After an initial burst during the Devonian, a morphological stasis was long thought to have prevailed since the Carboniferous, as shown by the extantLatimeria. New fossil discoveries have challenged this view, with punctual and sometimes unusual departures from the general coelacanth Bauplan. The dermal skeleton is considered to represent one, if not the main, example of morphological stasis in coelacanth evolution and as a consequence, has remained poorly surveyed. The lack of palaeohistological data on the dermoskeleton has resulted in a poor understanding of the early establishment and evolution of the coelacanth squamation. Here we describe the scales ofMiguashaia bureauifrom the Upper Devonian of Miguasha, Québec (Canada), revealing histological data for a Palaeozoic coelacanth in great detail and adding to our knowledge on the dermal skeleton of sarcopterygians.Miguashaiadisplays rounded scales ornamented by tubercules and narrow ridges made of dentine and capped with enamel. At least two generations of superimposed odontodes occur, which is reminiscent of the primitive condition of stem osteichthyans likeAndreolepisorLophosteus, and onychodonts likeSelenodus. The middle vascular layer is well developed and shows traces of osteonal remodelling. The basal plate consists of a fully mineralised lamellar bone with a repetitive rotation pattern every five layers indicating a twisted plywood‐like arrangement of the collagen plies. Comparisons with the extantLatimeriaand other extinct taxa show that these features are consistently conserved across coelacanth evolution with only minute changes in certain taxa. The morphological and histological features displayed in the scales ofMiguashaiaenable us to draw a comprehensive picture of the onset of the coelacanth squamation and to propose and discuss evolutionary scenarios for the coelacanth dermoskeleton.
The effect of 577‐nm pro‐yellow laser on demodex density in patients with rosacea
Authors: Temiz Selami Aykut , Durmaz Koray , Işık Begüm , Ataseven Arzu , Dursun Recep 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe pro‐yellow laser is a yellow light wavelength (577‐nm) laser system. Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disorder that occurs with facial flushing, erythema, papules, pustules, and telangiectasia. Demodex parasites (Demodex folliculorum and brevis) also play a role in the pathogenesis of rosacea.AimThe aim of our study is to evaluate the effect of pro‐yellow laser on demodex density (Dd) in patients with rosacea.Patients/MethodsThis retrospective study was planned for the patients with rosacea whose demodex mite densities were examined and treated with pro‐yellow laser and were evaluated between 2019 and 2020 in the cosmetology unit. The laser light was applied at a dose of 20 J/cm2 in the scanner mode (the 80% coverage) in all the patients. The demodex density per cm2 was routinely evaluated before the treatment, and the demodex density values in the fourth week after the treatment were recorded from the patients' files.ResultsThere were 27 females (79.4%) and seven males (20.6%) evaluated in the study. While the demodex density was 18.1 ± 10.7 (min: 0–max: 48, Q1:12–Q3:22) per cm2 before the pro‐yellow laser treatment in the cases, the demodex density was 10.2 ± 7.9 (min: 0–max: 30, Q1:4.75–Q3:12) per cm2 in the fourth week after the treatment. After the pro‐yellow laser treatment, the demodex intensity decreased significantly compared to before the laser treatment (p = 0.001). There was no significant correlation between the decrease in the density of the demodex mite and the success of the treatment (p = 0.46).ConclusionThis is the first study in the literature investigating the change in demodex density in rosacea patients treated with pro‐yellow laser therapy. In this study, it was shown that pro‐yellow laser treatment is effective in reducing the density of demodex.
SNHG15 facilitated malignant behaviors of oral squamous cell carcinoma through targeting miR‐188‐5p/DAAM1
Authors: Wang Tongwu , Liang Dong , Yang Hongyu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundLong non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 15 (SNHG15) has been discovered and demonstrated to have significant function in multiple cancers. Nevertheless, how it participates in the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its potential regulatory system are still unclear.MethodsRT‐qPCR detected the expression of SNHG15, miR‐188‐5p, and DAAM1. RNA pull down, RT‐qPCR, and bioinformatics were used for finding and selecting downstream targets of SNHG15.ResultsSNHG15 presented a high expression in OSCC cells. Moreover, inhibition of SNHG15 exhibited repressive influence on proliferative, migrated, and invasive abilities but induce apoptosis of OSCC cells. Through the search of bioinformatics and RNA pull down assays, we confirmed that miR‐188‐5p was one target of SNHG15 in OSCC cells. Additionally, miR‐188‐5p could hamper the growth of OSCC cells. Moreover, it was manifested that DAAM1 was down‐regulated by miR‐188‐5p. DAAM1 was up‐regulated in OSCC cells. Furthermore, it exerted oncogenic function in the course of OSCC. Eventually, overexpression of DAAM1 offsets the effects of down‐regulation of SNHG15 on the development of OSCC.ConclusionTo summarize, our study certified that SNHG15 contributed to the process of OSCC via sponging miR‐188‐5p to elevate DAAM1 expression. SNHG15 might offer novel sight to improve the results of treatment for OSCC.
Is it un‐American to view the police as illegitimate? The role of national identity in the legal socialization process
Authors: Wolfe Scott E. , McLean Kyle 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe development of police legitimacy evaluations is a core component of the legal socialization process. Research has identified many factors that impact peoples’ perceptions of legitimacy such as social and ethnic identity, but the role of American identity has yet to be examined. This study attempted to gain a deeper understanding of the factors that impact legal socialization by examining the relationship between American identity and police legitimacy evaluations. Using a sample of 2086 adults from the United States, we found that people with a stronger American identity were more likely to believe the police are a legitimate authority after accounting for other known predictors of legitimacy. The results demonstrate that national identity may be play a key role in the legal socialization process and partially shape peoples’ evaluations of police legitimacy regardless of the content and quality of interactions they have with the police.
Mitigating rumen methane and enhancing fermentation using rambutan fruit peel powder and urea in lactating dairy cows
Authors: Ampapon Thiwakorn , Wanapat Metha 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe experiment was designed to study the use of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) fruit peel powder (RP) with urea (U) supplementation on rumen fermentation, digestibility, methane (CH4) production, milk production and composition in lactating dairy cows. Four Holstein crossbred lactating dairy cows, with starting liveweight of 450 ± 15 kg with 130 ± 10 DIM (days‐in‐milk), were randomly allocated to respective treatments: without supplementation (control; T1), supplementation of urea (U) at 90 g/hd/day (T2), supplementation of RP at 450 g/hd/day (T3) and supplementation of RPU (RP at 450 g/hd/day and U 90 g/hd/day) (T4), respectively, using a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The results showed that the U, RP and RPU supplementation did not change feed intakes (p > 0.05) and digestibilities of DM and OM were similar. However, digestibilities of CP and NDF were increased in the U and RPU groups (p < 0.05). Acetate production was decreased, while propionate production was dramatically increased (p < 0.05) in both the RP and RPU groups respectively. Notably, the ratio of C2:C3, protozoal population and CH4 production was reduced in both the RP and RPU groups. In addition, nitrogen intake and nitrogen excretion were significantly higher while nitrogen retention was increased in the U and RPU groups. Allantoin excretion and absorption, microbial protein synthesis and efficiency of microbial N supply were increased in the U and RPU supplementation groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, milk yield, milk fat and total solids were significantly enhanced in the U and RPU groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, the 3.5% FCM was increased (p < 0.05) while milk protein, lactose, solids‐not‐fat and milk urea nitrogen were not altered (p > 0.05). Supplementation of either U or RPU significantly improved fibre digestibilities, rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis, reduced protozoal population, mitigated CH4 production and enhanced milk yield and milk composition.
Colonic 5‐HT4 receptors are targets for novel prokinetic drugs
Authors: Galligan James J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract5‐HT4 receptors are G protein‐coupled receptors that link to the stimulatory protein Gs which activates adenylate cyclase to increase intracellular cyclic AMP which then activates protein kinase A (PKA). 5‐HT4 receptors are expressed by neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems especially the enteric nervous system (ENS). In general, 5‐HT4 receptors are stimulatory and their activation in the ENS enhances neurotransmitter release and propulsive motility patterns. 5‐HT4 receptors are expressed by enterochromaffin (EC) cells, Goblet cells, and most enteric neurons. The study by Konen and colleagues in this issue of Neurogastroenterology and Motility features two novel 5‐HT4 receptor agonists (5‐HT4‐LA1 and 5‐HT4‐LA‐2) that are not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract of mice and act locally in the colonic mucosa to stimulate propulsive motility. The authors show that 5‐HT4‐LA1 and 5‐HT4‐LA2 were not absorbed from the colon and that both drugs stimulated colonic transit when administered by gavage. Both agonists stimulated colonic glass bead expulsion, and 5‐HT4LA1 activation stimulated fecal output and increased fecal water content. These effects were detected in young and aged mice. 5‐HT4 receptors were also localized to the epithelium of the human duodenum, ileum, and colon. These studies highlight novel 5‐HT4 receptor agonists that have prokinetic actions on the GI tract. These drugs are not absorbed and act locally in the gut mucosa to stimulate propulsive motility while minimizing access to systemic 5‐HT4 receptors and avoiding potential unwanted side effects.
Left atrial wall thickness of the pulmonary vein reconnection sites during atrial fibrillation redo procedures
Authors: Teres Cheryl , Soto‐Iglesias David , Penela Diego , Jáuregui Beatriz , Ordoñez Augusto , Chauca Alfredo , Huguet Marina , Ramírez‐Paesano Carlos , Oller Guillermo , Jornet Agustí , Palet Jordi , Santana David , Panaro Alejandro , Maldonado Giuliana , de Leon Gustavo , Gualis Belen , Jimenez‐Britez Gustavo , Evangelista Arturo , Carballo Julio , Ortiz‐Perez José T. , Berruezo Antonio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundLeft atrial wall thickness (LAWT) has been related to pulmonary vein (PV) reconnections after atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. The aim was to integrate 3D‐LAWT maps in the navigation system and analyze the relationship with local reconnection sites during AF‐redo procedures.MethodsConsecutive patients referred for AF‐redo ablation were included. Procedure was performed using a single catheter technique. LAWT maps obtained from multidetector computerized tomography (MDCT) were imported into the navigation system. LAWT of the circumferential PV line, the reconnected segment and the reconnected point, were analyzed.ResultsSixty patients [44 (73%) male, age 61 ± 10 years] were included. All reconnected veins were isolated using a single catheter technique with 55 min (IQR 47–67) procedure time and 75 s (IQR 50–120) fluoroscopy time. Mean LAWT of the circumferential PV line was 1.46 ± 0.22 mm. The reconnected segment was thicker than the rest of segments of the circumferential PV line (2.05 + 0.86 vs. 1.47 + 0.76, p < .001 for the LPVs; 1.55 + 0.57 vs. 1.27 + 0.57, p < .001 for the RPVs). Mean reconnection point wall thickness (WT) was at the 82nd percentile of the circumferential line in the LPVs and at the 82nd percentile in the RPVs.ConclusionA single catheter technique is feasible and efficient for AF‐redo procedures. Integrating the 3D‐LAWT map into the navigation system allows a direct periprocedural estimation of the WT at any point of the LA. Reconnection points were more frequently present in thicker segments of the PV line. The use of 3D‐LAWT maps can facilitate reconnection point identification during AF‐redo ablation.
Predictors of high‐degree conduction disturbances and pacemaker implantation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: Prognostic role of the electrophysiological study
Authors: Ferreira Thomas , Da Costa Antoine , Cerisier Alexis , Vidal Nicolas , Guichard Jean Baptiste , Romeyer Cécile , Barthelemy Jean Claude , Isaaz Karl 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundPredictors of high‐degree atrioventricular block (HAVB) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) are recognized, but the electrophysiological study's (EPS) role is still a subject to debate. The objective of our study was to determine factors associated with PPM implantation including the potential role of EPS before and/or after TAVR.Methods and resultsSeventy four consecutive patients (pts) were included and 21 pts (28.4%) received a PPM during the immediate postoperative follow‐ups (until Day 5): HAVB in 15 pts (71.4%), prophylactic implantation due to a documented increased HV interval ≥ 95–100 ms plus LBBB in 2 pts (9.5%), a high‐degree HV block evidenced at the EPS plus LBBB in 3 pts (14.3%) and one additional patient was implanted for AV‐block in presence of AFib (4.8%). In the multivariate model 1 including parameters before TAVR, both prosthesis diameter and PR lengthening remained significantly associated with PPM as well RBBB. In the multivariate model 2 including parameters after TAVR, only HV remained significantly associated with the risk of PPM (OR = 1.15 (1.05–1.26), p = .004). When all the significant variables in models 1 and 2 were analyzed together in model 3, only HV after TAVR remained significantly associated with an increased risk of PPM.ConclusionsIn this prospective observational study, it was revealed that a Day 4–5 EPS is likely to more precisely stratify the risk of PPM implantation regarding its ability to discover asymptomatic severe infra‐hisian conduction disturbances particularly in presence of LBBB. Multivariate analysis confirmed the prognostic value of HV alteration.
New‐onset atrial arrhythmias associated with mortality in black and white patients hospitalized with COVID‐19
Authors: Dagher Lilas , Shi Hanyuan , Zhao Yan , Wetherbie Andrew , Johnsen Erik , Sangani Deep , Nedunchezhian Saihariharan , Brown Margo , Miller Peter , Denson Joshua , Schieffelin John , Marrouche Nassir 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundSpecific details about cardiovascular complications, especially arrhythmias, related to the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID‐19) are not well described.ObjectiveWe sought to evaluate the incidence and predictive factors of cardiovascular complications and new‐onset arrhythmias in Black and White hospitalized COVID‐19 patients and determine the impact of new‐onset arrhythmia on outcomes.MethodsWe collected and analyzed baseline demographic and clinical data from COVID‐19 patients hospitalized at the Tulane Medical Center in New Orleans, Louisiana, between March 1 and May 1, 2020.ResultsAmong 310 hospitalized COVID‐19 patients, the mean age was 61.4 ± 16.5 years, with 58,7% females, and 67% Black patients. Black patients were more likely to be younger, have diabetes and obesity. The incidence of cardiac complications was 20%, with 9% of patients having new‐onset arrhythmia. There was no significant difference in cardiovascular outcomes between Black and White patients. A multivariate analysis determined age ≥60 years to be a predictor of new‐onset arrhythmia (OR = 7.36, 95% CI [1.95;27.76], p = .003). D‐dimer levels positively correlated with cardiac and new‐onset arrhythmic event. New onset atrial arrhythmias predicted in‐hospital mortality (OR = 2.99 95% CI [1.35;6.63], p = .007), a longer intensive care unit length of stay (mean of 6.14 days, 95% CI [2.51;9.77], p = .001) and mechanical ventilation duration(mean of 9.08 days, 95% CI [3.75;14.40], p = .001).ConclusionOur results indicate that new onset atrial arrhythmias are commonly encountered in COVID‐19 patients and can predict in‐hospital mortality. Early elevation in D‐dimer in COVID‐19 patients is a significant predictor of new onset arrhythmias. Our finding suggest continuous rhythm monitoring should be adopted in this patient population during hospitalization to better risk stratify hospitalized patients and prompt earlier intervention.
Herbivore‐induced plant volatiles mediate defense regulation in maize leaves but not in maize roots
Authors: van Doan Cong , Züst Tobias , Maurer Corina , Zhang Xi , Machado Ricardo A. R. , Mateo Pierre , Ye Meng , Schimmel Bernardus C. J. , Glauser Gaétan , Robert Christelle A. M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPlant leaves that are exposed to herbivore‐induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) respond by increasing their defenses, a phenomenon referred to as priming. Whether this phenomenon also occurs in the roots is unknown. Using maize plants, Zea mays, whose leaves respond strongly to leaf HIPVs, we measured the impact of belowground HIPVs, emanating from roots infested by the banded cucumber beetle, Diabrotica balteata, on constitutive and herbivore‐induced levels of defense‐related gene expression, phytohormones, volatile and non‐volatile primary and secondary metabolites, growth and herbivore resistance in roots of neighbouring plants. HIPV exposure did not increase constitutive or induced levels of any of the measured root traits. Furthermore, HIPV exposure did not reduce the performance or survival of D. balteata on maize or its ancestor teosinte. Cross‐exposure experiments between HIPVs from roots and leaves revealed that maize roots, in contrast to maize leaves, neither emit nor respond strongly to defense‐regulating HIPVs. Together, these results demonstrate that volatile‐mediated defense regulation is restricted to the leaves of maize. This finding is in line with the lower diffusibility of volatiles in the soil and the availability of other, potentially more efficient, information conduits below ground.
Ichthyosis follicularis, atrichia and photophobia (IFAP) and hereditary mucoepithelial dysplasia: Two syndromes that share a common clinical spectrum
Authors: Irurzun Inés , Natale Mónica I. , Agostinelli María L. , Lamberti Magdalena , Montero Dolores , Granda Cecilia , Mássimo José A. , Manzur Graciela B. , Valinotto Laura E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIchthyosis follicularis, atrichia and photophobia syndrome (IFAP) is an X‐linked inherited disease caused by pathogenic variants in the gene encoding the membrane‐bound transcription factor peptidase, site 2 (MBTPS2). Clinical presentation includes ichthyosis follicularis, alopecia, photophobia and developmental delay. Hereditary mucoepithelial dysplasia (HMD) is a dominantly inherited disease characterized by keratitis, non‐scarring alopecia, skin lesions including follicular keratosis, perineal erythema, and mucosal involvement. Recently, variants in SREBF1, a gene coding for a transcription factor related to cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis, have been associated with the disease. These two syndromes share a common clinical spectrum. Here, we describe an IFAP syndrome patient with a novel variant in the MBTPS2 gene and an HMD patient with a previously reported variant in the SREBF1 gene. In addition, we present a review of the literature describing the triad characterized by non‐scarring alopecia, keratosis follicularis, and ocular symptoms common in both IFAP and HMD patients to raise awareness of these underdiagnosed diseases. We also highlight the subtle differences in clinical presentation between the two disorders to better enable differentiation.