bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unbiased, comprehensive analysis of Japanese health checkup data reveals a protective effect of light to moderate alcohol consumption on lung function
Authors: Makino Kanako , Shimizu-Hirota Ryoko , Goda Norio , Hashimoto Masahiro , Kawada Ichiro , Kashiwagi Kazuhiro , Hirota Yasushi , Itoh Hiroshi , Jinzaki Masahiro , Iwao Yasushi , Ko Minoru , Ko Shigeru , Takaishi Hiromasa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe overall effect of lifestyle habits, such as alcohol consumption, on general health remains controversial and it is important to clarify how such habits affect aging-related health impairments. To discover novel impacts of lifestyle on general health, we employed a mathematical approach to perform a comprehensive, unbiased, cross-sectional analysis of data from 6036 subjects who participated in a Japanese health checkup. Notably, we found that moderate alcohol consumption was positively correlated with lung function, muscle mass, and strength. Health checkup data were collected periodically from the same subjects. These people were light to moderate drinkers who had high health awareness and were basically free of major underlying diseases. We next analyzed 5 years of data from 1765 of these subjects. We found that higher baseline alcohol consumption, as well as increased alcohol intake over 5 years attenuated time-related deterioration of forced vital capacity without affecting total lung volume. This effect was independent of smoking. Our study suggests a possible protective effect of moderate amounts of alcohol on lung function, due to increased muscle mass/strength and forced vital capacity.
Sociodemographic associations of geographic variation in paediatric tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
Authors: Tran Aimy H. L. , Liew Danny , Horne Rosemary S. C. , Rimmer Joanne , Nixon Gillian M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGeographic variation of paediatric tonsillectomy, with or without adenoidectomy, (A/T) has been described since the 1930s until today but no studies have investigated the factors associated with this variation. This study described the geographical distribution of paediatric A/T across the state of Victoria, Australia, and investigated area-level factors associated with this variation. We used linked administrative datasets capturing all paediatric A/T performed between 2010 and 2015 in Victoria. Surgery data were collapsed by patient residence to the level of Local Government Area. Regression models were used to investigate the association between likelihood of surgery and area-level factors. We found a 10.2-fold difference in A/T rates across the state, with areas of higher rates more in regional than metropolitan areas. Area-level factors associated with geographic variation of A/T were percentage of children aged 5–9 years (IRR 1.07, 95%CI 1.01–1.14, P = 0.03) and low English language proficiency (IRR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90–0.99, P = 0.03). In a sub-population analysis of surgeries in the public sector, these factors were low maternal educational attainment (IRR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02–1.16, P < 0.001) and surgical waiting time (IRR 0.99635 95% CI 0.99273–0.99997, P = 0.048). Identifying areas of focus for improvement and factors associated with geographic variation will assist in improving equitable provision of paediatric A/T and decrease variability within regions.
Exploring grip strength as a predictor of depression in middle-aged and older adults
Authors: Marques Adilson , Henriques-Neto Duarte , Peralta Miguel , Marconcin Priscila , Gouveia Élvio R. , Ferrari Gerson , Martins João , Ihle Andreas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGrip strength (GS) is an indicator of health and vulnerability and inversely associated with depressive symptoms. The aim of this study was to explore GS discrimination capacity for depression; and possible GS cut-off values for depression by sex and age group. Data from 2011 and 2015 on 20,598 (10,416 women) middle-aged and older adults from 14 European countries was analysed. GS was assessed by dynamometer, and depressive symptoms using the EURO-D scale. GS cut-off values for depression were calculated and logistic regression models were used to quantify the odds of having depression in 2011 and in 2015 according to being bellow or above the cut-off value. GS had a weak discriminant capacity for depression, with the area under the curve varying between 0.54 and 0.60 (p < 0.001). Sensitivity varied between 0.57 and 0.74; specificity varied between 0.46 and 0.66. GS cut-off values for discriminating depression were 43.5 kg for men and 29.5 kg for women aged 50–64 years, 39.5 kg for men and 22.5 kg for women aged ≥ 65 years. Having GS above the cut-off represents significant lower odds of depression in 2011 and 4 years later, in 2015. Healthcare practitioners and epidemiologic researchers may consider the low GS cut-off values to screen for potential depression risk. However, due to its weak discriminant values these cut-offs should not be used to identify depression.
Box scaling as a proxy of finite size correlations
Authors: Martin Daniel A. , Ribeiro Tiago L. , Cannas Sergio A. , Grigera Tomas S. , Plenz Dietmar , Chialvo Dante R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe scaling of correlations as a function of size provides important hints to understand critical phenomena on a variety of systems. Its study in biological structures offers two challenges: usually they are not of infinite size, and, in the majority of cases, dimensions can not be varied at will. Here we discuss how finite-size scaling can be approximated in an experimental system of fixed and relatively small extent, by computing correlations inside of a reduced field of view of various widths (we will refer to this procedure as “box-scaling”). A relation among the size of the field of view, and measured correlation length, is derived at, and away from, the critical regime. Numerical simulations of a neuronal network, as well as the ferromagnetic 2D Ising model, are used to verify such approximations. Numerical results support the validity of the heuristic approach, which should be useful to characterize relevant aspects of critical phenomena in biological systems.
Neocortical inhibitory interneuron subtypes are differentially attuned to synchrony- and rate-coded information
Authors: Prince Luke Y. , Tran Matthew M. , Grey Dorian , Saad Lydia , Chasiotis Helen , Kwag Jeehyun , Kohl Michael M. , Richards Blake A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNeurons can carry information with both the synchrony and rate of their spikes. However, it is unknown whether distinct subtypes of neurons are more sensitive to information carried by synchrony versus rate, or vice versa. Here, we address this question using patterned optical stimulation in slices of somatosensory cortex from mouse lines labelling fast-spiking (FS) and regular-spiking (RS) interneurons. We used optical stimulation in layer 2/3 to encode a 1-bit signal using either the synchrony or rate of activity. We then examined the mutual information between this signal and the interneuron responses. We found that for a synchrony encoding, FS interneurons carried more information in the first five milliseconds, while both interneuron subtypes carried more information than excitatory neurons in later responses. For a rate encoding, we found that RS interneurons carried more information after several milliseconds. These data demonstrate that distinct interneuron subtypes in the neocortex have distinct sensitivities to synchrony versus rate codes.
Mapping lung squamous cell carcinoma pathogenesis through in vitro and in vivo models
Authors: Gómez-López Sandra , Whiteman Zoe E. , Janes Sam M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLung cancer is the main cause of cancer death worldwide, with lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) being the second most frequent subtype. Preclinical LUSC models recapitulating human disease pathogenesis are key for the development of early intervention approaches and improved therapies. Here, we review advances and challenges in the generation of LUSC models, from 2D and 3D cultures, to murine models. We discuss how molecular profiling of premalignant lesions and invasive LUSC has contributed to the refinement of in vitro and in vivo models, and in turn, how these systems have increased our understanding of LUSC biology and therapeutic vulnerabilities.
Noether’s theorem in statistical mechanics
Authors: Hermann Sophie , Schmidt Matthias 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNoether’s calculus of invariant variations yields exact identities from functional symmetries. The standard application to an action integral allows to identify conservation laws. Here we rather consider generating functionals, such as the free energy and the power functional, for equilibrium and driven many-body systems. Translational and rotational symmetry operations yield mechanical laws. These global identities express vanishing of total internal and total external forces and torques. We show that functional differentiation then leads to hierarchies of local sum rules that interrelate density correlators as well as static and time direct correlation functions, including memory. For anisotropic particles, orbital and spin motion become systematically coupled. The theory allows us to shed new light on the spatio-temporal coupling of correlations in complex systems. As applications we consider active Brownian particles, where the theory clarifies the role of interfacial forces in motility-induced phase separation. For active sedimentation, the center-of-mass motion is constrained by an internal Noether sum rule.
Hierarchical sheet-on-sheet heterojunction array of a β-Ni(OH)2/Fe(OH)3 self-supporting anode for effective overall alkaline water splitting
Authors: Wu Baoqiang , Yang Zhaohui , Dai Xiaoping , Yin Xueli , Gan Yonghao , Nie Fei , Ren Ziteng , Cao Yihua , Li Zhi , Zhang Xin 
Published: August 2021

Hierarchical sheet-on-sheet β-Ni(OH)2/Fe(OH)3 heterojunction array displayed excellent OER performance and stability. The two-electrode configuration on NiFe-HD/Pre-NF||CoP/P-NiO/NF also presented low cell voltage in overall alkaline water splitting.
Nucleophilic catalysis ofp-substituted aniline derivatives in acylhydrazone formation and exchange
Authors: Canal-Martín Andrea , Navo Claudio D. , Sáez Elena , Molero Dolores , Jiménez-Osés Gonzalo , Pérez-Fernández Ruth 
Published: August 2021

Mechanistic study and superior performance of electron-rich p-substituted aniline derivatives as catalysts for efficient hydrazone formation and exchange in both protic and aprotic solvents.
Ultra-sensitive boscalid sensors based on a β-cyclodextrin modified perfluorinated copper phthalocyanine field-effect transistor
Authors: Zhang Yunpeng , Kuang Junhua , Dong Jicheng , Shi Longxian , Li Qingyuan , Zhang Bingjie , Shi Wei , Huang Xin , Zhu Zhiheng , Ma Yongqiang , Guo Yunlong , Liu Yunqi 
Published: August 2021

Organic field-effect transistor based on perfluorinated copper phthalocyanine with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) modification displayed highly sensitivity to boscalid molecules.
Comprehensive investigation of RNA‐sequencing dataset reveals the hub genes and molecular mechanisms of coronavirus disease 2019 acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Deng Wangsheng , Zeng Jiaxing , Lu Shunyu , Li Chaoqian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe goal of this study is to reveal the hub genes and molecular mechanisms of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) based on the genome‐wide RNA sequencing dataset. The RNA sequencing dataset of COVID‐19 ARDS was obtained from GSE163426. A total of 270 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between COVID‐19 ARDS and control group patients. Functional enrichment analysis of DEGs suggests that these DEGs may be involved in the following biological processes: response to cytokine, G‐protein coupled receptor activity, ionotropic glutamate receptor signalling pathway and G‐protein coupled receptor signalling pathway. By using the weighted correlation network analysis approach to analyse these DEGs, 10 hub DEGs that may play an important role in COVID‐19 ARDS were identified. A total of 67 potential COVID‐19 ARDS targetted drugs were identified by a complement map analysis. Immune cell infiltration analysis revealed that the levels of T cells CD4 naive, T cells follicular helper, macrophages M1 and eosinophils in COVID‐19 ARDS patients were significantly different from those in control group patients. In conclusion, this study identified 10 COVID‐19 ARDS‐related hub DEGs and numerous potential molecular mechanisms through a comprehensive analysis of the RNA sequencing dataset and also revealed the difference in immune cell infiltration of COVID‐19 ARDS.
Cyclotron line formation by reflection on the surface of a magnetic neutron star
Authors: Kylafis N. D. , Trümper J. E. , Loudas N. A. 
Published: August 2021

Context. Accretion onto magnetic neutron stars results in X-ray spectra that often exhibit a cyclotron resonance scattering feature (CRSF) and, sometimes, higher harmonics of it. Two places are suspect for the formation of a CRSF: the surface of the neutron star and the radiative shock in the accretion column.
Aims. Here we explore the first possibility: reflection at the neutron-star surface of the continuum produced at the radiative shock. It has been proposed that for high-luminosity sources, as the luminosity increases, the height of the radiative shock increases, thus a larger polar area is illuminated, and as a consequence the energy of the CRSF decreases because the dipole magnetic field decreases by a factor of two from the pole to the equator. This model has been specifically proposed to explain the observed anticorrelation of the cyclotron line energy and luminosity of the high-luminosity source V 0332+53.
Methods. We used a Monte Carlo code to compute the reflected spectrum from the atmosphere of a magnetic neutron star, when the incident spectrum is a power-law one. We restricted ourselves to cyclotron energies ≪mec2 and used polarization-dependent scattering cross sections, allowing for polarization mode change.
Results. As expected, a prominent CRSF is produced in the reflected spectra if the incident photons are in a pencil beam, which hits the neutron-star surface at a point with a well-defined magnetic field strength. However, the incident beam from the radiative shock has a finite width and thus various magnetic field strengths are sampled. As a result of overlap, the reflected spectra have a CRSF, which is close to that produced at the magnetic pole, independent of the height of the radiative shock.
Conclusions. Reflection at the surface of a magnetic neutron star cannot explain the observed decrease in the CRSF energy with luminosity in the high-luminosity X-ray pulsar V 0332+53. In addition, it produces absorption lines much shallower than the observed ones.
Quasar clustering at redshift 6
Authors: Greiner J. , Bolmer J. , Yates R. M. , Habouzit M. , Bañados E. , Afonso P. M. J. , Schady P. 
Published: August 2021

Context. Large-scale surveys over the last years have revealed about 300 quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) at redshifts above 6. Follow-up observations have identified surprising properties, such as the very high black hole (BH) masses, spatial correlations with surrounding cold gas of the host galaxy, and high CIV-MgII Velocity shifts. In particular, the discovery of luminous high-redshift quasars suggests that at least some BHs likely have high masses at birth and grow efficiently.
Aims. Our aim is to quantify quasar pairs at high redshift for a large sample of objects. This provides a new key constraint on a combination of parameters related to the origin and assembly for the most massive BHs: formation efficiency and clustering, growth efficiency, and the relative contribution of BH mergers.
Methods. We observed 116 spectroscopically confirmed QSOs around redshift 6 with the simultaneous seven-channel imager Gamma-ray Burst Optical/Near-infrared Detector in order to search for companions. Applying colour-colour cuts identical to those which led to the spectroscopically confirmed QSOs, we performed Le PHARE fits to the 26 best QSO pair candidates, and obtained spectroscopic observations for 11 of them.
Results. We do not find any QSO pair with a companion brighter than M1450(AB) < −26 mag within our 0.1–3.3 h−1 cMpc search radius, in contrast to the serendipitous findings in the redshift range 4–5. However, a small fraction of such pairs at this luminosity and redshift is consistent with indications from present-day cosmological-scale galaxy evolution models. In turn, the incidence of L- and T-type brown dwarfs, which occupy a similar colour space to z ∼ 6 QSOs, is higher than expected, by a factor of 5 and 20, respectively.
Ophthalmologische Notfälle
Authors: Kupferschmid Sebastian 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungIn der notfallmedizinischen Ausbildung sind die okulären Notfälle nur ein kleines Kapitel.
Der Grund dafür ist das Fehlen einer vitalen Bedrohung und die begrenzten Möglichkeiten in der
präklinischen Versorgung. Für den Patienten jedoch, steht eine Beteiligung der Augen in einer
Notfallsituation oft im Vordergrund. Selbst bei schwersten Organverletzungen kann eine
Augenbeteiligung die die gesamte Aufmerksamkeit des Patienten allein auf dieses Sinnesorgan
richten. Die prähospitale Versorgung hat einen erheblichen Einfluss auf die Prognose bei
okulären Notfällen. Daher sollte der Notfallmediziner in der Lage sein, ophthalmologische
Notfälle zu klassifizieren und zu behandeln. Das Ziel ist es, eine adäquate prähospitale
Versorgung zu gewährleisten und den psychischen Leidensdruck des Patienten durch medizinische
Souveränität bei Notfällen mit Beteiligung des Auges zu reduzieren.
Ng. – eine frühe Diskussion über die Zuverlässigkeit von Symptomen
Authors: Zauner Bernhard 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungIn der frühen homöopathischen Literatur ist das Kürzel „Ng.“ nicht zu übersehen, deshalb ist vielen Homöopathen dieses bekannter als der Name, der dahintersteckt, nämlich Cajetan Nenning (1769–1845): Botaniker, Wundarzt, Militärarzt, Stiftsarzt und ein nicht unumstrittener Homöopath in der Frühzeit der Homöopathie.
Angsterleben von Hausärzten, Psychiatern und Chirurgen zu Beginn der COVID-19-Pandemie in Deutschland
Authors: Bohlken Jens , Pabst Alexander , Schömig Friedericke , Pumberger Matthias , Lempert Thomas , Michalowsky Bernhard , Riedel-Heller Steffi 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Die COVID-19-Pandemie stellt eine besondere Belastung für die Ärzteschaft dar. Wir untersuchten Unterschiede und Bedingungsfaktoren im pandemiebezogenen Angsterleben von Hausärzten (HA), Psychiatern (PS) und Chirurgen (CH) in Deutschland.
Methode Schriftliche Befragung (April–Mai 2020) von 608 Ärzten (HA n = 162, PS n = 299, CH n = 147).
Ergebnisse Ein hohes Angstniveau im Zusammenhang mit COVID-19 berichteten 31,1 % der HA, 19,2 % der PS und 11,6 % der CH. CH berichteten am häufigsten Kontakt mit COVID-19-Patienten (68,5 %), gefolgt von HA (51,0 %) und PS (8,1 %). Das Belastungserleben war bei HA insgesamt am größten. CH fühlten sich hingegen am besten informiert und schätzten ihre Resilienz am höchsten ein. Innerhalb der Fachdisziplinen war ein hohes Maß erlebter Angst in Bezug auf COVID-19 positiv mit dem Grad der wahrgenommenen Infektionsgefahr assoziiert.
Schlussfolgerung Studien zur Belastung von Ärzten verschiedener Fachgruppen geben wichtige Hinweise zur Optimierung des Pandemiemanagements.
Ethnoveterinary Remedies Used in Avian Complementary Medicine in Selected Communal Areas in Zimbabwe
Authors: Jambwa Prosper , Katsande Simbarashe , Matope Gift , McGaw Lyndy J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPlant remedies used in avian ethnomedicine are potential candidates for the development of phytogenic feed additives. An ethnoveterinary survey was carried out in 3 districts in Zimbabwe to document plants used in poultry ethnomedicine and identify plants that have the potential to be used for the development of poultry phytogenic feed additives. The survey employed questionnaire-guided oral interviews with 146 smallholder farmers. Key areas of investigation and discussion were poultry production and traditional knowledge in bird health care (ethnotreatments and poultry disease control). The survey documented a total of 36 plant species cited as being useful interventions for the treatment and management of various poultry ailments/health constraints. These medicinal plants belonged to 22 families, with the Fabaceae family the dominant family. The plant species were used to treat 11 disease/health constraint categories, with the highest number of species being used for
coccidiosis. Trees (44.44%) were the main reservoir of medicinal plants followed by herbs (36.11%), shrubs (8.33%), climbers (8.33%), and flowers (2.78%). Based on the results of the survey, Bobgunnia madagascariensis, Aloe chabaudii, Adenia gummifera, Erythrina abyssinica, Agave sisalana, Capsicum frutescens, Strychnos cocculoides, Aloe greatheadii, Tridactyle bicaudata, Senna singueana, Sarcostemma viminale, Morus alba, and Moringa oleifera are potential candidates for the development of phytogenic feed additives.
Ambulante psychotherapeutische Versorgung von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland: Status quo und Trends im Zeitraum 2009–2018
Authors: Jaite Charlotte , Hoffmann Falk , Seidel Anja , Mattejat Fritz , Bachmann Christian 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Bestimmung der Prävalenz ambulanter Psychotherapie (PT) bei gesetzlich versicherten Kindern/Jugendlichen in Deutschland.
Methodik Aus KV-Daten der Jahre 2009–2018 wurde die PT-Prävalenz bei 0- bis 19-Jährigen berechnet und nach Geschlecht, Alter und Bundesland stratifiziert, es wurden Berufsgruppe der PT-Erbringer, codierte psychiatrische Diagnosen sowie PT-Verfahren betrachtet.
Ergebnisse Im Jahr 2018 erhielten 7,3 % (5,9 % [Hessen] bis 8,8 % [Niedersachsen]) PT-Leistungen (2009: 7,1 %). Hiervon waren 18,4 % (2009: 12,8 %) Richtlinien-PT (ab 2012: Verhaltenstherapie [VT] häufigstes Verfahren). 15- bis 19-Jährige erhielten am häufigsten PT, es fanden sich nur mäßige Geschlechtsunterschiede. Häufigste Leistungserbringer waren Ärzte für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, häufigste Diagnosen Angst-/emotionale Störungen, ADHS und Anpassungsstörungen.
Schlussfolgerungen Die PT-Prävalenz hat sich im untersuchten Zeitraum kaum verändert. Jedoch ist der Anteil von Richtlinien-PT angestiegen, mit VT als führendem Verfahren.
New Guaianolide Sesquiterpene Lactones and Other Constituents from Pyrethrum pulchrum
Authors: Erdenetsogt Uugangerel , Nadmid Suvd , Paetz Christian , Dahse Hans-Martin , Voigt Kerstin , Gotov Choijamts , Boland Wilhelm , Dagvadorj Enkhmaa 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Pyrethrum pulchrum is a rare Mongolian plant species that has been traditionally used as an ingredient in various remedies. Bioactivity-guided fractionation performed on the methanol extract of its aerial parts led to the isolation of 2 previously undescribed guaianolide-type sesquiterpene lactones, namely 1β,10β-epoxy-8α-hydroxyguaia-3,11(13)-dien-6,12-olide (1) and 1,8,10-trihydroxyguaia-3,11(13)-dien-6,12-olide (2), along with the isolation or chromatographic identification of 11 compounds, arglabin (3), 3β-hydroxycostunolide (4), isocostic acid (5), (E)-9-(2-thienyl)-6-nonen-8-yn-3-ol (6), (Z)-9-(2-thienyl)-6-nonen-8-yn-3-ol (7), N
1,N
5,N
10,N
14-tetra-p-coumaroyl spermine (8), chlorogenic acid (9), 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (10), 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl
ester (11), 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (12), and tryptophan (13). Their structures were assigned based on spectroscopic and spectrometric data. The antimicrobial, antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities of selected compounds were evaluated. The new compounds showed weak to moderate antimicrobial activity. Arglabin (3), the major sesquiterpene lactone found in the methanol extract of P. pulchrum, exhibited the highest activity against human cancer lines, while compound 1 also possesses significant antiproliferative activity against leukemia cells.