bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3H-1,2-Dithiole-3-thione, a Novel Chemoprotectant, Suppresses LPS-Induced Proinflammatory Responses in Macrophages: Potential Involvement of Antioxidant Induction, NF-κB, and Nrf2
Authors: Zhu Hong , Bui Ann , Santo Arben , Li Y. Robert 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Previously, we reported that 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (D3T), an Nrf2 activator, acted as a potential chemoprotectant against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mortality in mice. In view of the critical involvement of macrophages in the pathogenesis of LPS-induced endotoxemia, in the present study, we investigated the protective effects of D3T on LPS-induced proinflammatory responses in cultured murine RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line and primary peritoneal macrophages and the potential involvement of antioxidant induction, NF-κB, and Nrf2. We showed that treatment with D3T resulted in increased levels of a series of antioxidants in RAW 264.7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. These included the reduced form of glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, and NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase 1. Catalase was also potently induced by D3T which, however, did not show a concentration dependency. Concurrent with the ability to induce the above cellular antioxidants, D3T pretreatment of RAW 264.7 cells also led to a concentration-dependent suppression of LPS-induced interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) production and nitric oxide release. LPS-stimulated tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production was also suppressed by D3T, but to a much lesser extent. Using NF-κB reporter gene-expressing RAW 264.7 cells, we further showed that D3T pretreatment also suppressed LPS-induced NF-κB activation. To investigate the potential involvement of Nrf2, a chief regulator of cellular antioxidant genes, we used peritoneal macrophages isolated from Nrf2+/+ and Nrf2−/− mice. Our results showed that D3T pretreatment suppressed LPS-induced proinflammatory responses in Nrf2+/+ macrophages, and this inhibitory effect of D3T was completely lost in Nrf2−/− macrophages. Collectively, the results of the present study demonstrated that D3T acted as a potent suppressor of LPS-induced proinflammatory responses in macrophages. Antioxidant induction, NF-κB suppression, and Nrf2 activation appeared to contribute to the anti-proinflammatory activity of D3T in macrophages.
“Optimisation of Microalgal Diatom Farming Using Bubble Plastic Wrap As A Sealant in A Closed Photobioreactor For Harvesting Biofuel”
Authors: Khan Mohd Jahir , GORDON RICHARD , VINAYAK VANDANA 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The idea of culturing algae in closed systems by sealing the reactor rim tightly with plastic bubble wraps material is being used here to harvest DiafuelTM (Biofuel from diatoms). In this manuscript, microalgae such as diatoms are grown in flask PBR sealed with bubble wrap material of low density, high density and normal polyethylenes and compared to control flask PBR which is kept open. It was observed that low density polyethylenes (LDPE) bubble wrap sealed PBR harvested maximum Diafuel TM (37%), lipid (35 µgmL -1 ), had highest cell count (1152 x 10 2 cells mL -1), 0% water loss, 0% nutrient uptake and maximum CO2 absorbance (0.084) due to its permeability to gases until the 40th day compared to other plastic bubble wraps. The LDPE bubble wrap was therefore tested on green microalgae Haematococcus which showed coherent results and can be upscaled for astaxanthin production.
Transepithelial potential difference governs epithelial homeostasis by electromechanics
Authors: Saw Thuan Beng , Gao Xumei , He Jianan , Le Anh Phuong , Marsh Supatra , Lin Keng-hui , Ludwig Alexander , Prost Jacques , Lim Chwee Teck 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Studies of electric effects in biological systems, from the historical experiments of Galvani 1 and the ground-breaking work on action potential2 to studies on limb regeneration3 or wound healing4, share the common feature of being concerned with transitory behavior and not addressing the question of homeostasis. Here using a novel microfluidic device, we study how the homeostasis of confluent epithelial tissues is modified when a trans-epithelial electric potential (TEPD) different from the natural one is imposed on an epithelial layer. We show that epithelial fate is dependent on TEPD of few Volts/cm similar to the endogenous one. When the field direction matches the natural one, we can restore a perfect confluence in an epithelial layer turned defective either by E-cadherin knock-out or by weakening cell-substrate adhesion; additionally, the tissue pushes on the substrate with kilo-Pascals stress, inducing active cell response such as death and differentiation. When the field is opposite, homeostasis is destroyed by the perturbation of junctional actin and cell shapes, and the formation of dynamical mounds5, while the tissue pulls with similar strengths. Most of these observations can be quantitatively explained by an electro-hydrodynamic theory involving local electro-osmotic flows. We expect this work to motivate further studies on long time effects of electromechanical pathways with important tissue engineering applications.
Survival with Surgery is Superior to Survival Without Surgery in Breast Cancer Patients Aged 85 Years or Older: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Enomoto Katsuhisa , Fukumoto Satsuki , Mori Satoshi , Nozaki Fumi , Hara Yukiko , Tada Keiichiro 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Surgical treatment of breast cancer patients aged 85 years or older is still controversial. Methods: A series of surgically treated breast cancer patients aged 85 years or older was evaluated. The clinicopathological features and outcomes of these patients were compared with the features and outcomes of breast cancer patients in the same age group who were managed without surgery. Results: A total of 45 patients (75%) received surgical treatment, and 15 patients (25%) were managed without surgery. The differences between ages, tumor status, nodal status, stage and immunopathological status of the patients undergoing and not undergoing surgery were not significant. Significantly more patients treated by surgery underwent systemic treatment than patients managed without surgery (P=0.004). The three-year disease-free survival rate of patients treated by surgery was higher than that of the patients managed without surgery (90.6% vs 67.5%, respectively; P<0.001).Conclusions: The surgical treatment of breast cancer patients aged 85 years or older is warranted. This outcome was achieved with the use of hormonal therapy.
Altered processing of social emotions in individuals with autistic traits
Authors: Yang Di , Tao Hengheng , Ge Hongxing , Li Zuoshan , Hu Yuanyan , Meng Jing 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSocial impairment is a defining phenotypic feature of autism. The present study investigated whether individuals with autistic traits exhibit altered perceptions of social emotions. MethodsTwo groups of participants (High-AQ and Low-AQ) were recruited based on their scores on the autism-spectrum quotient (AQ). Their behavioral responses and event-related potentials (ERP) elicited by social and nonsocial stimuli with positive, negative, and neutral emotional valence were compared in two experiments. In Experiment 1, participants were instructed to view social-emotional and nonsocial-emotional pictures. In Experiment 2, participants were instructed to listen to social-emotional and nonsocial-emotional audio recordings. ResultsMore negative emotional reactions and smaller amplitudes of late ERP components (the late positive potential in Experiment 1 and the late negative component in Experiment 2) were found in the High-AQ group than in the Low-AQ group in response to the social-negative stimuli. In addition, amplitudes of these late ERP components in both experiments elicited in response to social-negative stimuli were correlated with the AQ scores of the High-AQ group. LimitationsAlthough the influence of autistic traits on reactions to social or nonsocial emotional stimuli was assessed in an experimental setting, whether and how these reactions are related to real-world behavior requires further investigation. In addition, filler trials should be used to evaluate whether participants focused sufficiently on the emotional stimuli. ConclusionThese results suggest that individuals with autistic traits have altered emotional processing of social-negative emotions.
A Simulation Method for Free-form Milling Cylindrical Gears With Disc Cutters
Authors: Sun Xiaomin , Lin Xiaochuan , Hong Rongjing 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Free-form milling is a flexible gear machining method that allows using general disc cutters to machine various gear types on a 5-axis machine tool. This paper proposes a two-dimensional simulation method for free-form milling of cylindrical gears with disc cutters. A mathematical model for free-form milling of cylindrical gears with disc cutters is constructed. By analyzing the spatial positional relationships between the cutter and the workpiece, the instantaneous contact line is derived and projected onto the gear end face, and then the projected curves are intersected to obtain the final profile. This calculation method realizes the rapid simulation of the actual cutting condition on the gear end face, which is beneficial to the judgment of machining interference and the analysis of the tooth profile accuracy during the gear machining process.
Multiscale Feature Extraction and its Application in the Weld Seam Quality Prediction for Plasma Arc Welding
Authors: Dong Hao , Yan Cai , Li Zihan , Hua Xueming 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Weld seam quality prediction is important for intelligent robot welding. Current models with single scale feature extraction methods meet difficulty when facing complex physical instability in welding process. In this paper, a novel feature extraction method based on sliding multiscale windows is proposed to improve model accuracy and calculation speed. A group of windows with different width are established to extract multiscale information of complex objective. Windows slide throughout process and be synchronized on the timeline for feature correlation. Based on the feature vector extracted from multiscale-windows, Support vector machine (SVM) with radial basis function (RBF) kernel is used after signal denoising and dimension reduction by Primary components analysis (PCA). The best window width is determined by model training. The proposed method is used to predict seam quality for Plasma arc welding (PAW) in the field of shipbuilding. The results show that the model with multiscale feature extraction is helpful to improve prediction precision and recall ratio.
The Effect of Atropine Alone or Combined with Orthokeratology for Children with Myopia: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: wang zengying , meng yifei , qie sufang , yan zhipeng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effect of atropine alone or combined with orthokeratology on myopia control by meta-analysis system.Methods: The current study searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of science, Ovid to collect eligible studies. The Weighted mean difference (WMD) of mean changes in axial elongation between the atropine alone or combined with orthokeratology group and the orthokeratology (ortho-k) group was used as evaluation index. Results: Twelve studies were eventually included, involving 671 children in the atropine alone and 547 children in the atropine combined with orthokeratology（AOK） group. This meta-analysis showed that the mean axial elongation of atropine alone was faster than that of ortho-k alone. [WMD=0.06mm, 95％CI(0.02~0.10), p＜0.007]. The function of AOK for slowing axial elongation was affected by the baseline diopter of children. The WMD in -1~-3D subgroup was -0.10 mm(95％CI,-0.14~-0.05,P＜0.00001),which mens that the AOK was more effective than OK alone in retarding axial elongation. In -3~-6D, WMD is -0.04mm (95% Cl, -0.11~0.03), and there is not statistically significant between two groups (P<0.30).Conclusion: This study suggested that ortho-k monotherapy is better in slowing axial elongation than atropine monotherapy in children with myopia. For children with low degree of myopia, the combination of ortho-k and 0.01% atropine is more effective than ortho-k monotherapy in slowing axial elongation in children. But there is no significant difference between two treatments in children with moderate degree of myopia.
Cushion Shrubs Encroach Subhumid Rangelands: Fertility Islands in Fragile Soils Along a Grazing Gradient in Patagonia
Authors: Vogel Braian , Rostagno César Mario , Antilef Marcos , Manna Ludmila La 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
PurposeThis work assesses changes in soil and vegetation structure associated with grazing intensity (GI) in subhumid grasslands. We conducted the study in the Subandean district of Patagonia, Argentina. Non-degraded Subandean grass steppes have extremely erodible volcanic soils and are valuable grazing ranges. However, nowadays vast portions exhibit a heterogeneous cover that is mostly of cushions shrubs, with big eroded soil patches.MethodsWe selected four study sites along a GI gradient and one grazed-excluded site. Soils, vegetation cover and patches structure were characterised. We took soil samples beneath grass and shrub patches and their interpatches and in undisturbed spots. ResultsSoils in undisturbed spots had the highest chemical fertility. Soils in grazing areas showed high heterogeneity associated with plant life-form and GI. Results also showed that medium and fine sand particles remobilised from bare soil to vegetated patches. Total nitrogen and organic matter increased in the same direction. Grass cover decreased as GI increases, while shrubs cover and total richness increased, until a collapse at the highest intensity. Relative cover of cushion shrubs and bare soil grow steadily with GI. ConclusionsThe fertility island effect was associated with cushion shrubs. Grazing caused cushion shrub encroachment regardless of its intensity. Notwithstanding this, the same disturbance -grazing- which promoted cushions prevalence also favoured the collapse of fertile islands when reached to maximum intensity. Ecosystem services provision from a range management standpoint decreased. However, the increases in richness under moderate GI could represent an enhancement in system functionality.
Repeated Glucose Spikes and Insulin Resistance Synergistically Increase Endothelial Function Vulnerability to High Glucose Levels through Redox Imbalance, and Bardoxolone Methyl (CDDO-Me) Ameliorates Endothelial Dysfunction
Authors: Ogiso Kazuma , Shayo Sigfrid Casmir , Kawade Shigeru , Hashiguchi Hiroshi , Deguchi Takahisa , Nishio Yoshihiko 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundGlucose spikes (GSs) observed after a meal in metabolic syndrome have been reported to cause endothelial dysfunction. However, other insulin resistance-related factors can affect GS-induced endothelial dysfunction. To eliminate these confounding factors, we investigated the separate and combined effects of GSs and insulin resistance due to diet-induced obesity on endothelial function and clarified whether bardoxolone methyl (CDDO-Me), a novel nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activator, protects against GS-induced endothelial dysfunction.MethodsIn the first cohort, eight-week-old male Wistar rats were assigned to one of four groups: 1) control diet (CD)-GS (-); 2) CD-GS (+); 3) Western-type diet (WTD)-GS (-); and 4) WTD-GS (+). Rats were fed a CD or WTD for 13 weeks and intraperitoneally injected with saline or glucose for 1 week twice daily at 20 weeks of age. In the second cohort, four groups from the first cohort were additionally divided into vehicle and CDDO-Me (3 mg/kg) groups. At 21 weeks of age, endothelial function was evaluated using isolated thoracic aortas under normal (5.5 mM) and high-glucose (20 mM) conditions. Gene expression was analyzed, and superoxide anion was evaluated by dihydroethidium (DHE) staining of aortas.ResultsIn the first cohort, endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) in the CD-GS (+) or WTD-GS (-) group was comparable to that in the CD-GS (-) group, but it deteriorated in the WTD-GS (+) group only under high-glucose conditions. Antioxidant agents, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, apocynin (a NOX inhibitor) and Mito-TEMPO (a mitochondrial-targeted superoxide scavenger), improved endothelial function. In this group, upregulation of NOX2 expression and downregulation of SOD2 and catalase expression were observed in the aortas, and DHE intensity was enhanced. In the second cohort, pretreatment of the WTD-GS (+) group with CDDO-Me attenuated this endothelial dysfunction accompanied by a correction of redox imbalance in gene expression and an attenuation of DHE intensity.ConclusionWe demonstrated that GSs and insulin resistance synergistically increased endothelial function vulnerability to high-glucose levels through redox imbalance, although each factor alone had little effect on endothelial function. Furthermore, we showed that pretreatment with CDDO-Me ameliorated endothelial dysfunction caused by GSs in metabolic syndrome model rats.
What Are the Significant Factors Affecting Pain in Patients With Hartofilakidis Type I Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip?
Authors: Gu Yange , Jin Wenshu , Zhang Han , Shi Zhiwei , Yue Yaohui , Yan Zhaolong , Zhao Zhang , Li Shufeng , Yan Xinfeng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective

To explore the influencing factors of pain onset age and severe pain in patients with Hartofilakidis type I developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).
Methods

A retrospective study of 83 patients with DDH treated at our hospital from January 2017 to June 2021 was conducted. The pain onset age, patients’ demographic data, and radiographic parameters were collected. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the influencing factors of pain onset age. Cox regression analysis was used to determine the influencing factors of severe pain attacks.
Results

According to the results of multiple linear regression analysis, when the distance between the medial femoral head and the ilioischial line increased by one unit, the pain onset age decreased by 1.7 years (β = − 1.738, 95% CI: − 1.914–[–1.561], p < 0.001). When the sharp angle increases by one unit, the pain onset age decreases by 0.3 years (β = − 0.334, 95% CI: − 0.496–[–0.171], p < 0.001). According to the results of the Cox regression analysis, for every unit increase of the lateral centre-edge angle (LCEA), the probability of severe pain decreased to 95% of the original (Exp [β]: = 1.090, 95% CI: 0.898–0.999, p = 0.04). For every unit increase in the distance between the medial femoral head and the ilioischial line, the likelihood of severe pain is 2.4 times higher than that of the original (Exp [β]: 2.417, 95% CI: 1.653–3.533, p < 0.001).
Conclusion

Larger distances between the medial femoral head and the ilioischial line and sharp angle can lead to an earlier pain onset age in patients with DDH. Small LCEA and excessive distance between the medial femoral head and the ilioischial line are risk factors for severe pain.
Comparison of the Therapeutic Effects of [211At]NaAt and [131I]NaI in an NIS-expressing Thyroid Cancer Mouse Model
Authors: Liu Yuwei , Watabe Tadashi , Kaneda-Nakashima Kazuko , Shirakami Yoshifumi , Ooe Kazuhiro , Toyoshima Atsushi , Shimosegawa Eku , Wang Yang , Haba Hiromitsu , Nakano Takashi , Shinohara Atsushi , Hatazawa Jun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose Compared to a conventional beta-emitter 131I, an alpha-emitter 211At can have a stronger treatment effect against differentiated thyroid cancer. However, its therapeutic advantage has not been fully elucidated. Thus, here, we compared the therapeutic effect of [211At]NaAt with that of [131I]NaI. Methods In vitro observation of double-stranded breaks (DSBs) and colony formation assays were performed in K1-NIS cells. The biodistribution of [131I]NaI and [211At]NaAt was measured in K1-NIS xenograft mice at 3 and 24 h (n=12). The treatment effect was compared between [131I]NaI and [211At]NaAt in K1-NIS xenograft mice using different radioactivities for each solution (1 (n=4), 4 (n=4), and 8 MBq (n=4) of [131I]NaI and 0.4 (n=7), 0.8 (n=9), and 1.2 MBq (n=4) of [211At]NaAt).Results 211At caused more DSBs in K1-NIS cells and had a greater inhibitory effect on colony formation than 131I. In K1-NIS xenograft mice, the uptake of [131I]NaI in the thyroid gland was significantly higher than that of [211At]NaAt. In other organs and tumours, the uptake of [211At]NaAt was significantly higher than that of [131I]NaI. While both [211At]NaAt and [131I]NaI showed dose-dependent therapeutic effects, [211At]NaAt showed a stronger tumour-suppressive effect. Tumour regrowth was suppressed until 18, 25, and 46 days after 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 MBq [211At]NaAt administration, respectively, whereas it was observed within 0–12 days after [131I]NaI administration (1, 4, and 8 MBq).Conclusions The stronger tumour-suppressive effect of [211At]NaAt solution supports the promising clinical application of [211At]NaAt therapy in patients with iodine-avid thyroid cancer refractory to [131I]NaI treatment.
Genome Characterization of the Novel Lytic Genome Sequence of Phage YUEEL01 of the Myoviridae Family
Authors: Raman Gurusamy , Sivasankaran Ayyaru , Park SeonJoo , Ahn Young-Ho 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global concern due to its rapid emergence in the environment and the associated high risk to human and animal health. Municipal wastewater, including urban, hospital, and pharmaceutical effluent, is the main source of antibiotic and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) contamination, and biological processes are commonly used for wastewater treatment. Biologically based strategies seem to be a promising approach to effective integrated ARB control since they can focus on the bases of antibiotic resistance. To develop an effective bacteriophage against multi-drug resistance (MDR) microbes in municipal wastewater, phage YUEEL01 was isolated from a livestock farm, and its genome sequenced. Phenotypic characterization suggested that the phage is a member of the Myoviridae family, and that it encodes 168,266 bp with an overall GC content of 35.4% had 259 putative protein-coding genes, 11 tRNA and six hypothetical genes. A number of putative DNA replication and regulation, DNA packing and structure and host lysis genes were identified. Further, whole genome phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that phage YUEEL01 is closely related to phage slur03. Elucidation of the YUEEL01 phage might be helpful when developing antibacterial tools for controlling MDR bacteria in wastewater treatment systems.
Effect of Milling Vibration on The Machining Performance of 7075-T651 Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Guo Miaoxian , Wang Jianming , Liu Jin , Huang Chao , Jiang Xiaohui 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Milling of 7075-T651 is widely used in aerospace industry, however the process vibration restricts the machining performance in milling process. This paper puts forward a study on the effect of vibration on machining performance in milling to improve the machining quality. According to the characteristics of end milling, the process vibration is calculated and added based on the unformed chip thickness model of milling, and a milling simulation model considering vibration is established. Applying the finite element model and milling experiments, the simulation model is verified, the results proves the accuracy of the FEM models in predicting the milling force and milling temperature. Furthermore, the effect of milling vibration on machining performance is studied by numerical simulation, in which the relationship between amplitude-frequency characteristics and milling force-temperature fluctuation.