bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning for Detection of Correct Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Tip Position from Radiology Reports in Infants
Authors: Shah Manan , Shu Derek , Prasath V. B. Surya , Ni Yizhao , Schapiro Andrew H. , Dufendach Kevin R. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background In critically ill infants, the position of a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) must be confirmed frequently, as the tip may move from its original position and run the risk of hyperosmolar vascular damage or extravasation into surrounding spaces. Automated detection of PICC tip position holds great promise for alerting bedside clinicians to noncentral PICCs.
Objectives This research seeks to use natural language processing (NLP) and supervised machine learning (ML) techniques to predict PICC tip position based primarily on text analysis of radiograph reports from infants with an upper extremity PICC.
Methods Radiographs, containing a PICC line in infants under 6 months of age, were manually classified into 12 anatomical locations based on the radiologist's textual report of the PICC line's tip. After categorization, we performed a 70/30 train/test split and benchmarked the performance of seven different (neural network, support vector machine, the naïve Bayes, decision tree, random forest, AdaBoost, and K-nearest neighbors) supervised ML algorithms. After optimization, we calculated accuracy, precision, and recall of each algorithm's ability to correctly categorize the stated location of the PICC tip.
Results A total of 17,337 radiographs met criteria for inclusion and were labeled manually. Interrater agreement was 99.1%. Support vector machines and neural networks yielded accuracies as high as 98% in identifying PICC tips in central versus noncentral position (binary outcome) and accuracies as high as 95% when attempting to categorize the individual anatomical location (12-category outcome).
Conclusion Our study shows that ML classifiers can automatically extract the anatomical location of PICC tips from radiology reports. Two ML classifiers, support vector machine (SVM) and a neural network, obtained top accuracies in both binary and multiple category predictions. Implementing these algorithms in a neonatal intensive care unit as a clinical decision support system may help clinicians address PICC line position.
Characterization of neutral particle fluxes from ICWC and ECWC plasmas in the TOMAS facility
Authors: Moon Sunwoo , Petersson Per , Brunsell Per , Rubel Marek , Goriaev Andrei , Ragona Riccardo , Möller Sören , Brezinsek Sebastijan , Nicolai Dirk , Linsmeier Christian , Kovtun Yurii , Wauters Tom 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Electron- (ECWC) and ion- (ICWC) cyclotron wall conditioning are essential means for controlled fusion to modify the surface state of plasma-facing components in order to reduce impurity generation and fuel accumulation in the wall. Development of ECWC and ICWC requires characterization of neutral particle fluxes generated in discharges, because neutrals enhance the homogeneity of the conditioning, which may contribute to remote or shadowed areas, especially in the presence of a permanent magnetic field (e.g. W7-X, ITER). A time-of-flight neutral particle analyzer (ToF-NPA) with 4.07 m flight distance is employed to measure time- and energy-resolved low energetic (<1 keV) neutral particle distributions. The ToF-NPA setup tested at the EXTRAP T2R reversed field pinch was installed at the TOMAS toroidal plasma facility to determine low energy neutral particle fluxes while investigating the impact of the gas pressure in the instrument and compatibility with low count rates during EC- and ICWC discharges. TOMAS has a major radius of 0.78 m and provides various plasma operation conditions: toroidal magnetic field up to 0.12 T, EC frequency 2.45 GHz with the power of 0.6–6 kW, IC frequency of 10–50 MHz with the power of up to 6 kW. Early results on the characterization of three phases (EC only, EC + IC, and IC only) of hydrogen discharges demonstrate: (i) the low energy (10–725 eV) neutrals distribution has been determined by the NPA system, (ii) the mixed EC + IC phase produces the highest population of neutral particles, while the EC only provides one order of magnitude lower rate, (iii) the neutrals produced in IC only have higher average energy (28 eV) than EC only (7 eV) and EC + IC (16 eV).
Brightening single-photon emitters by combining an ultrathin metallic antenna and a silicon quasi-BIC antenna
Authors: Jia Shangtong , Li Zhi , Chen Jianjun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBright single-photon emitters (SPEs) are fundamental components in many quantum applications. However, it is difficult to simultaneously get large Purcell enhancements and quantum yields in metallic nanostructures because of the huge losses in the metallic nanostructures. Herein, we propose to combine an ultrathin metallic bowtie antenna with a silicon antenna above a metallic substrate to simultaneously get large Purcell enhancements, quantum yields, and collection efficiencies. As a result, the brightness of SPEs in the hybrid nanostructure is greatly increased. Due to the deep subwavelength field confinement (mode size < 10 nm) of surface plasmons in the ultrathin metallic film (thickness < 4 nm), the Purcell enhancement of the metallic bowtie antenna improves by more than 25 times when the metal thickness decreases from 20 nm to 2 nm. In the hybrid nanostructures by combining an ultrathin metallic bowtie antenna with a silicon antenna, the Purcell enhancement (Fp≈2.6 × 106) in the hybrid nanostructures is 63 times greater than those (≤ 4.1 × 104) in the previous metallic and hybrid nanostructures. Because of the reduced ratio of electromagnetic fields in the ultrathin metallic bowtie antenna when the high-index silicon antenna is under the quasi-BIC state, a high quantum yield (QY ≈ 0.70) is obtained. Moreover, the good radiation directivity of the quasi-BIC (bound state in the continuum) mode of the silicon antenna and the reflection of the metallic substrate result in a high collection efficiency (CE ≈ 0.71). Consequently, the overall enhancement factor of brightness of a SPE in the hybrid nanostructure is EF*≈ Fp × QY × CE ≈ 1.3 × 106, which is 5.6 × 102times greater than those (EF*≤ 2.2 × 103) in the previous metallic and hybrid nanostructures.
Synthesis of two-dimensional/one-dimensional heterostructures with tunable width
Authors: Wang Di , Zhang Zucheng , Li Bo , Duan Xidong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Two-dimensional/one-dimensional (2D/1D) heterostructures as a new type of heterostructure have been studied for their unusual properties and promising applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, the studies of 2D/1D heterostructures are mainly focused on vertical heterostructures, such as MoS2 nanosheet-carbon nanotubes. The research on lateral 2D/1D heterostructures with a tunable width of 1D material is still scarce. In this study, bidirectional flow chemical vapor deposition (CVD) was used to accurately control the width of the WS2/WSe2 (WS2/MoS2) heterostructures by controlling reacting time. WSe2 and MoS2 with different widths were epitaxially grown at the edge of WS2, respectively. Optical microscope, atomic force microscope (AFM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images show the morphology and width of the heterostructures. These results show that the width of the heterostructures can be as low as 10 nm by using this method. The interface of the heterostructure is clear and smooth, which is suitable for application. This report offers a new method for the growth of 1D nanowires, and lays the foundation for the future study of the physical and chemical properties of 2D/1D lateral heterostructures.
A MXene-functionalized paper-based electrochemical immunosensor for label-free detection of cardiac troponin I
Authors: Wang Li , Han Yufeng , Wang Hongchen , Han Yaojie , Liu Jinhua , Lu Gang , Yu Haidong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Convenient, rapid, and accurate detection of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is crucial in early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). A paper-based electrochemical immunosensor is a promising choice in this field, because of the flexibility, porosity, and cost-efficacy of the paper. However, paper is poor in electronic conductivity and surface functionality. Herein, we report a paper-based electrochemical immunosensor for the label-free detection of cTnI with the working electrode modified by MXene (Ti3C2) nanosheets. In order to immobilize the bio-receptor (anti-cTnI) on the MXene-modified working electrode, the MXene nanosheets were functionalized by aminosilane, and the functionalized MXene was immobilized onto the surface of the working electrode through Nafion. The large surface area of the MXene nanosheets facilitates the immobilization of antibodies, and the excellent conductivity facilitates the electron transfer between the electrochemical species and the underlying electrode surface. As a result, the paper-based immunosensor could detect cTnI within a wide range of 5–100 ng/mL with a detection limit of 0.58 ng/mL. The immunosensor also shows outstanding selectivity and good repeatability. Our MXene-modified paper-based electrochemical immunosensor enables fast and sensitive detection of cTnI, which may be used in real-time and cost-efficient monitoring of AMI diseases in clinics.
Research on Porosity and Performance of Self-compacting Backfill Materials
Authors: Jian Zhao , Mingzhe Zhao , Lei Tang , Penghui Chen , Peiwei Gao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper researched and developed a new type of self-compacting backfill material behind the wall of underground pipelines, and compared and analyzed the relationship between the water-binder ratio, porosity and compressive strength of the two backfill materials. The average pore size of the foam backfill material increases with the water-binder ratio. While increasing, the porosity tends to decrease with the increase of water-binder ratio, and the compressive strength first increases and then decreases with the increase of water-binder ratio; self-compacting backfill material has excellent properties such as self-compacting, light weight and anti-vibration. It is a new type of building materials which can meet the requirements of fluidity and strength for backfilling after penetrating the yellow pipe wall.
Key technology of overlapping tunnel construction with earth pressure balance shield method in rheological strata
Authors: Yu Qingru , Zhai Shihong , Liu Wen , Liu Tianrui , Song Hu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Based on the existing bridge structure of Foshan Metro Line 2, this paper summarizes the engineering geological conditions of the overlapping tunnels, uses three-dimensional finite element analysis, establishes an engineering geological model, and analyzes the parameters of the upper tunnel in the disturbed surrounding rock, shield attitude control and its influence on the tunnels already built on the lower floors. Finally, the monitoring and control results during the construction of the shield tunneling of the overlapping tunnels are analyzed to verify that the construction of the overlapping tunnels in the rheological strata has a greater impact on the ground settlement of about 20m, and the soft foundation reinforcement of the lower tunnels in advance can make the soil settlement greatly reduced, and the stress concentration area is reduced. After the double-tube jet-grouting piles are reinforced, the shield tunneling of the upper overlap tunnel has little effect on the existing tunnel below, and the reinforcement effect is better, which can make the construction go successfully. The analysis results of this paper can provide decision support for the construction of overlapping tunnels in rheological strata.
Experimental research on combustion and explosion characteristics of medium density fiberboard on building
Authors: Wu Jiameng , Zhu Shunbing , Pang Zizheng , Duan Yi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In recent years, the amount of medium density fiberboard(MFD) used in the construction industry is huge. The dust produced in the production has a great risk of dust combustion and explosion in different thermal runaway environment. Therefore, this paper takes the MDF dust as the research object to explore its combustion and explosion characteristics. The minimum ignition temperature of dust layer and 20L explosion vessel were used to study the changes of minimum ignition temperature(MIT) and combustion morphology of dust layer with different particle sizes of wood powder, and the influence of different influencing factors on the maximum explosion pressure was analyzed. The results show that with the decrease of particle size, the MIT decreases from 350°Cto 260°C, the maximum heating rate increases, the carbonization phenomenon becomes more obvious, and the maximum explosion pressure increases gradually; Under 200 mesh dust, with the increase of mass concentration and ignition delay, the maximum explosion pressure first increases and then decreases, and 50 g/m3 and 60 ms are the best mass concentration and ignition delay.
Study on fault sealing mechanism based on rock physics simulation experiment
Authors: Qu Lisha , Liu Jiageng , Zhou Guangqing , Wang Jiandong , Li Jing , Wang Chongzhi , Zhu Rui 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
At present, the development of fault oil and gas reservoirs has become an important way for to increase oil and gas productivity in China. However, due to the complex internal stress state of rock faults, the phenomenon of oil and gas escape is prone to occur during the mining process, so it is of great significance to study the sealing mechanism of the rock fault. For this reason, based on the theory of fault sealing, rock physical simulation experiments of fault sealing were carried out, and the mechanism of fault sealing and its main controlling factors were deeply studied. The results show that the rock fault dip and the argillaceous content of the fault filling are the main controlling factors for fault sealing; The essence of fault lateral sealing and vertical sealing is the sealing of the displacement pressure difference; As the dip angle of the fault increases, the lateral sealing of the fault becomes better, while the vertical sealing becomes worse; with the increase of the argillaceous content of the fault filling, the lateral and vertical sealability of the fault becomes better.
Versatile hydrogel based on polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan/regenerated silk fibroin
Authors: Sun Qinyue , Fu Jizhu , Zhang Heng , Yang Huihui , Wang Yumin , Xiong Yi , Zeng Wei , Wang Faniu , Xu Chao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Versatile sensors have broad application prospects in human motion detection, health monitoring, wearable electronic devices and flexible electronic skin and other emerging fields. In this work, the enhanced hydrogel was prepared by freezing and thawing process with calcium ion crosslinking. This composite material shows excellent flexibility and elasticity, and after being cut in half, it can automatically heal well in a short time without external force. It shows great potential in flexible and wearable devices.
Experimental research on dilatancy characteristics of coarse-grained soils by triaxial compression test
Authors: Du Jun , Qiu Zhi-gang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Dilatancy is a basic behavior of soils which is closely related to strength and deformation behaviors of soils and makes soils significantly different from normal elastic materials. A large-scale triaxial compression testing machine was used to study the dilatancy characteristics of coarse-grained soils of earth rock dam. The results show that the confining pressure has a significant effect on the dilatancy of coarse-grained soils, the soil first shrinks and then expands under low confining pressure, and the soil mainly produces shear shrinkage deformation under high confining pressure. When the soil changes from shear shrinkage to dilatancy, the strain ratio of soil changes abruptly. Rowe dilatancy model can reflect the dilatancy deformation characteristics of coarse-grained soils. The parameter Kf
of the model tends to be constant with the increase of axial strain, and the parameter Kf
of coarse-grained soils is smaller when the confining pressure is larger.
Construction of Fe(OH)3-ZnO/NF nanotube arrays with enhanced performance for water splitting
Authors: Fu Yueyue , Pan Jiaqi , Xiao Guangsheng , Li Chaorong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Well-aligned hierarchical hollow nanoarrays containing ZnO core and Fe(OH)3 nanotube shell have been synthesized via simple one-step hydrothermal method and etching at room temperature. The obtained catalyst has a high specific surface area, a large number of catalytic active sites and good chemical stability. The resulting Fe(OH)3-ZnO/NF nanotubes exhibits promising behavior in alkaline solution. When the current density is 10 mA cm-2, the HER and OER overpotentials (η10) of Fe(OH)3-ZnO/NF are 190 and 388 mV, respectively.
Butane Tetracarboxylic Acid as Green Modifier for Tuned Hydrophilicity of Surface Modified Cellulose
Authors: Yu Shuxian , Wei Jie , Shuai Jia , Lyu Shaoyi , Pan Chen , Shao Ziqiang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study proposes one straightforward way for butane tetracarboxylic acid modification of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF). Esterified cellulose nanofibrils (ECNF) were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The reaction mechanism between tetracarboxylic acid modification and CNF was discussed. The resultant ECNF exhibited improved hydrophobicity in water compared with pure CNF. These results confirmed how esterified (ECNF) biobased nanoparticles with tuned hydrophilicity, obtained by treatment with a low cost, sustainable and easily soluble cross-linker, have the potential for widespread applicability in the field polymeric based nanocomposites having different polarity.
Effect of particle size on electrochemical performance of lithium iron phosphate materials
Authors: He Rui , Wei Aijia , Bai Xue , Zhang Lihui , Li Xiaohui , Liu Zhenfa 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
LiFePO4 material has many virtues, such as rich raw materials, low price, excellent high temperature cycling performance and safety property. Lithium ion battery with LiFePO4 as positive electrode active material is the most promising. However, compared with other positive electrode active materials, LiFePO4 material has the inherent disadvantage of poor electrical conductivity, it greatly limits its dynamic characteristics at low temperature. In this paper, the effect of particle size of LiFePO4/C material on the low temperature performance prepared via solid-state method is systematically investigated. The structure and morphology of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The electrochemical properties of cathode materials were studied by Land 2001.
Determination of Cr(VI) precipitation in small faucet samples by spectrophotometry and evaluation of the uncertainty
Authors: Liping Guo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A spectrophotometric method for the determination of Cr(VI) precipitation in small volume faucet samples which were less than 50 mL was established. The method was verified by precision and standard addition recovery, and the uncertainty of the measurement results was evaluated. After analysis, the precipitation of Cr(VI) in the extracting solution of the faucet samples was measured as (50.7±1.7) μg/L, (k=2, P=95%). Small volume detection method which just needs 5 mL samples solution had the advantages of small sample consumption, simple and quick operation, and can meet the requirements of the product, especially the faucet samples with small internal volume.
One-dimensional dynamic model of cold-formed channel beam with deformed cross-section
Authors: Ai Wenxu , Zhang Lei , Zheng Zijun , Liang Shilei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a one - dimensional high order model based on a set of basic deformation modes of cross section is proposed to analyse one-dimensional dynamic model of cold-formed channel beam Considering the Deformable Cross-section. The model considers the displacement field through the linearly superimposing of 36 basis deformation modes, which stem from the discretization of the cross-section into 9 points and 8 segments. The corresponding deformation function is approximated with Hermite Interpolation. The governing equation is deduced from the principle of Hamilton, then use quadratic Lagrange interpolation for finite element realization. Numerical examples have also been presented and the comparison with ANSYS shell model showed its accuracy, efficiency, and applicability in reproducing three-dimensional behaviors of cold-formed channel beam.
Study on the bottom resistance during sinking stage of super-sized caisson foundation
Authors: Xuechao Dong , Tiechui Yang , Kongjian Shen , Mingwei Guo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Open caisson foundation sinks by overcoming the buoyancy and soil resistance by means of its own gravity and sinking auxiliary measures. Bottom resistance is a dominant variable in the sinking stage of super-sized caisson foundation. The magnitude of bottom resistance is of great importance to the safe sinking of the caisson foundation. Based on the super-sized caisson foundation of the main tower of a long-span bridge, a method is proposed for calculating the bottom resistance on the basis of the field monitoring data of earth pressure on the food blade, the bottom resistance of different zones within the bottom of the caisson foundation is calculated by the proposed method, and the distribution characteristics and variation of the bottom resistance are analyzed. The calculating results of the engineering practice show that in the process of soil sampling from the internal area to the external area within the bottom, the bottom resistance of inner bulkhead and inner partition walls decreases, while the bottom resistance of outer bulkhead and outer partition walls increases. The distribution characteristics and variation of the bottom resistance can actually reflect the global mechanical behavior of caisson foundation, which helps guide the safe sinking of the caisson.
Analysis of Coupled Vibration and Swing Characteristics of Bridge Crane
Authors: Liu Zhongye , Liu Chuntong , He Zhenxin , Gan Yuanying , Li Bojian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The vibration of the crane bridge structure and the swing of the load will cause fatigue damage to the bridge structure and affect the precise positioning of the load. The moving mass constituted by the load, the crane trolley and the flexible main girder is passed through the multi-body rigid-flexible coupling dynamics system of the bridge, and the virtual prototype of the physical model is established. The influence of the swing Angle of the load on the vibration of the main girder, the influence of the running speed of the crane trolley on the vibration of the main girder and the vertical displacement of the running trolley is simulated and analyzed. The simulation results show that the running speed of the crane car affects the vibration frequency of the bridge structure, and has little effect on the vertical displacement of the crane car. The load swing affects the vibration amplitude of the bridge structure and the vertical displacement of the crane trolley. The vibration of the main beam structure has little effect on load swing.