bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statins and Liver Cancer in Cirrhosis: The Most Relevant Questions Are Still Unanswered
Authors: Moctezuma-Velazquez Carlos , Abraldes Juan G. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Several observational studies have shown an association between statin use and lower incidence of liver cancer. However, several potential biases limit a causal interpretation that could lead to a recommendation of statin prescription to patients with cirrhosis in the absence of a cardiovascular indication. Ongoing randomized trials will soon provide a clearer picture on the efficacy and safety of statins for preventing liver cancer and other complications of cirrhosis.
Multi beam microprocessing for printing and embossing applications with high power ultrashort pulsed lasers
Authors: Bruening Stephan , Gillner Arnold , Du Keming 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Micro structuring of surfaces is of great interest for various applications, e.g. for the tooling industry, the printing industry and for consumer goods. In suitable mass production applications, such as injection molding or roll-to-roll processing for various markets, the final product could be equipped with new properties, such as hydrophilic behavior, adjustable gloss level, soft-touch behavior, light management properties etc. To generate functionalities at reasonable cost, embossing dies can be augmented with additional micro/nano-scale structure using laser ablation technologies. Despite the availability of ultrashort pulsed (USP) high power lasers (up to several hundred watts), it is still a challenge to structure large areas, as required on embossing rolls, in an acceptable processing time for industrial production. In terms of industrial implementation, direct digital transfer is a limiting factor for ultrahigh resolution. Shorter machining times by further increasing spot or workpiece motion are limited. Enlarging the ablation diameter, and thus the tool diameter, delivers a higher ablation rate with the comparable ablation quality, but entails a reduction in resolution. While maintaining the achieved state-of-the-art performance, upscaling of single modulated lasers provides a less demanding way to increase productivity. In the processing of steel surfaces, an increase in material removal can also be achieved by using pulse burst. In this work, the parallel process of single modulated multi laser sources is compared with a laser source split by diffractive optical elements (DOE) for applications in a cylinder micro patterning system. A newly developed highly compact ps laser with repetition rates up to 8 MHz and an average power of 300 or 500 W was divided into 8 or 16 parallel beamlets by a DOE. The ablation rate of each approach was investigated by typical microstructures on copper surfaces. At surface speeds of 10 m/s and a resolution of 5080 dpi, an ablation rate of up to 27 mm³/min was achieved. Different functional surface geometries were realized on an embossing roll as master, which is used for replication of the structures in roll-to-roll processes. Functional structures, such as friction reduction, improved soft touch or light guiding elements on large surfaces are demonstrated.
Diversity in Science at the Global Women’s Breakfast Network
Authors: Garson Mary J. , McConnell Laura L. , Soby Lynn M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In a year marked by unprecedented challenges, IUPAC hosted the largest ever Global Women’s Breakfast (GWB2021) on 9 February 2021, bringing together more than 20,000 people around the world to celebrate the achievements of women scientists, to strengthen and expand professional networks, to inspire the next generations, and to challenge the status quo with respect to equality for women scientists in the workplace.
Parametric numerical study and optimization of mass transfer and bubble size distribution in a gas-liquid stirred tank bioreactor equipped with Rushton turbine using computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Salehi Sanaz , Heydarinasab Amir , Shariati Farshid Pajoum , Nakhjiri Ali Taghvaie , Abdollahi Kourosh 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Designing and optimizing a bioreactor can be an especially challenging process. Computational modelling is an effective tool to investigate the effects of various operating parameters on bioreactor performance and identify the optimum ones. In this work, a computational fluid dynamics-population balance model (CFD-PBM) was developed to elucidate the effect of different geometrical and operating parameters on the hydrodynamics and mass transfer coefficient of a batch stirred tank bioreactor. The validated model was projected to predict the effect of different parameters including the gas flow rate, the impeller off-bottom clearance, the number of agitator blades, and rotational speed of the impeller on the velocity profiles, air volume fraction, bubble size distribution, and the local gas mass transfer coefficient (K

l

a) in the bioreactor. Air bubble breakup and coalescence phenomena were considered in all simulations. Factorial experimental design approach was employed to statistically investigate the impacts of the aforementioned operating and geometrical parameters on K

l

a and bubble size distribution in the bioreactor in order to determine the most significant parameters. This can give an essential insight into the most impactful factors when it comes to designing and scaling up a bioreactor.
The sono-photocatalytic performance of a novel water based Ti+4 coated Al(OH)3-MWCNT’s hybrid nanofluid for dye fragmentation
Authors: Malika Manjakuppam , Sonawane Shriram S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The present study investigates the efficiency of a novel 3D artificially illuminated sono-photocatalytic reactor filled with the suspension of Ti+4 coated Al(OH)3-MWCNT's hybrid nanofluid in removing toxic fragments from the industrial wastewater. Within 40 min of reaction time, the synergistic effect of sonication induced photocatalysis achieved 99 percent dye degradation. Using response surface methodology (RSM-CCD) and artificial neural network (ANN) methods, the behaviour of the process in terms of reactor independent variables on dye removal was investigated and optimised. Both approaches proved to have a very good performance in modelling of the process and from RSM model, the optimum experimental conditions were at 0.5 vol% nanofluid concentration, 60 °C nanofluid temperature, and 60 min reaction time. Besides that, a quadratic polynomial equation (R
2 = 0.984) well describes the equilibrium data. Furthermore, the study of variance (ANOVA) approach revealed that the input parameters and their interactions had a substantial impact on the response variable. With an R
2 value of 0.999, the engineered multilayer perceptron ANN successfully validated the experimental findings. Given the significant improvement in photocatalytic degradation of industrial wastewater, the current research can be viewed as a promising pre-treatment step for producing low toxic intermediates.
Modeling the interaction of birds and small fish in a coastal lagoon
Authors: Kant Shashi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Coastal lagoons are high value productive and important systems for different projects. For example, aquaculture, fisheries and tourism are few of them. The quality of coastal waters in the ecosystems of lagoons can be greatly influenced by the growth of unwanted elements, e.g., excessive fisheries, tourism, etc. In this paper, a mathematical model is proposed and analysed to study the general and simplified form of an ecosystem of Chilika Lake, India. Chilika Lake (19°28′N–19°54′N and 85°06′E–85°36′E) is the largest wintering ground for migrating water fowl found anywhere on the Indian sub-continent. These migratory birds utilize the Chilika Lake for feeding, resting and breeding. The interaction of birds and small fish in the Chilika Lake is considered to be Leslie–Gower Holling type II. Since big fish are being sourced as income for local fishermen and the population of big fish is highly variable, and hence birds and small fishes are mainly the two types of biomass considered for this study. It must be noted that, in this study, we have considered the case of Chilika lake theoretically only and no practical data is collected for this study, and the name of Chilika is used only for better ecological understanding. Therefore, this theoretical study maybe linked to any such ecosystem. Their interaction is found mathematically, a two-dimensional continuous-time dynamical system modeling a simple predator–prey food chain. The dynamical system is represented in the form of two nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equation (ODE) systems. The main mathematical results are given in terms of boundedness of solutions, existence of equilibria, local and global stability of the coexisting interior point. An ecosystem in Indian coastal lagoons may suffer immediate environmental perturbations, such as depressions, tropical cyclones, earthquakes, epidemics, etc. To model such situations, the ODE model is further extended to a stochastic model driven by L

e

́

$\check{d}{e}$

vy noise. The stochastic analysis includes the existence of the unique global solution, stability in mean, and extinction of the population. The proposed model is numerically simulated with the help of an assumed set of parameters for the possible pictorial behavior of the theoretical model. The proposed model may be used for planning purposes by using the data on meteorological and weather shocks such as heavy rainfall, heat-waves, cold-waves, depressions, tropical cyclones, earthquakes, etc. from India Meteorological Department (IMD).
Feasibility, face, and content validity of quantitative computed tomography in interstitial lung disease related to connective tissue diseases
Authors: Sambataro Gianluca , Sambataro Domenico , Orlandi Martina , Battisti Sofia , Cavagna Lorenzo , Sverzellati Nicola , Silva Mario , Palmucci Stefano , Colaci Michele , Malatino Lorenzo , Ariani Alarico 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) is a promising tool for objective assessment of interstitial lung disease (ILD) related to connective tissue diseases (CTD). However, its validity was never investigated. The aim of this study was to assess QCT feasibility, face, and content validity evaluation concerning CTD-ILD.

Methods
A rheumatologist and a chest radiologist conceived an online survey with nine statements: Two about general issue involving CTD-ILD, one for the face validity, three both for content validity and feasibility. Each statement had to be rated with a score from 0 to 100, respectively, (complete disagreement and agreement). We considered a statement supported by the experts if the median score was ≥75.0.

Results
A panel of 14 experts (11 from Europe, three from America) with a nine years median experience was enrolled. All the statements about feasibility, face and content validity were supported, except for QCT capability to recognize elementary lesions.

Conclusions
The panel of experts supported feasibility, face, and content validity of QCT assessment concerning CTD-ILD. This may stimulate a greater use in clinical practice and further studies to confirm its discriminative properties and its construct validity.
Arcuate and Preoptic Kisspeptin Neurons Exhibit Differential Projections to Hypothalamic Nuclei and Exert Opposite Postsynaptic Effects on Hypothalamic Paraventricular and Dorsomedial Nuclei in the Female Mouse
Authors: Stincic Todd L. , Qiu Jian , Connors Ashley M. , Kelly Martin J. , Rønnekleiv Oline K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractKisspeptin (Kiss1) neurons provide indispensable excitatory input to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, which is important for the coordinated release of gonadotropins, estrous cyclicity and ovulation. However, Kiss1 neurons also send projections to many other brain regions within and outside the hypothalamus. Two different populations of Kiss1 neurons, one in the arcuate nucleus (Kiss1ARH) and another in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) and periventricular nucleus (PeN; Kiss1AVPV/PeN) of the hypothalamus are differentially regulated by ovarian steroids, and are believed to form direct contacts with GnRH neurons as well as other neurons. To investigate the projection fields from Kiss1AVPV/PeNand Kiss1ARHneurons in female mice, we used anterograde projection analysis, and channelrhodopsin-assisted circuit mapping (CRACM) to explore their functional input to select target neurons within the paraventricular (PVH) and dorsomedial (DMH) hypothalamus, key preautonomic nuclei. Cre-dependent viral (AAV1-DIO-ChR2 mCherry) vectors were injected into the brain to label the two Kiss1 neuronal populations. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) for mCherry and neuropeptides combined with confocal microscopy was used to determine the projection-fields of both Kiss1 neuronal groups. Whole-cell electrophysiology and optogenetics were used to elucidate the functional input to the PVH and DMH. Our analysis revealed many common but also several clearly separate projection fields between the two different populations of Kiss1 neurons. In addition, optogenetic stimulation of Kiss1 projections to PVH prodynorphin, Vglut2 and DMH CART-expressing neurons, revealed excitatory glutamatergic input from Kiss1ARHneurons and inhibitory GABAergic input from Kiss1AVPV/PeNneurons. Therefore, these steroid-sensitive Kiss1 neuronal groups can differentially control the excitability of target neurons to coordinate autonomic functions with reproduction.
Temporal Correlates to Monaural Edge Pitch in the Distribution of Interspike Interval Statistics in the Auditory Nerve
Authors: Li Yi-Hsuan , Joris Philip X. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPitch is a perceptual attribute enabling perception of melody. There is no consensus regarding the fundamental nature of pitch and its underlying neural code. A stimulus which has received much interest in psychophysical and computational studies is noise with a sharp spectral edge. High-pass (HP) or low-pass (LP) noise gives rise to a pitch near the edge frequency (monaural edge pitch; MEP). The simplicity of this stimulus, combined with its spectral and autocorrelation properties, make it an interesting stimulus to examine spectral versus temporal cues that could underly its pitch. We recorded responses of single auditory nerve (AN) fibers in chinchilla to MEP-stimuli varying in edge frequency. Temporal cues were examined with shuffled autocorrelogram (SAC) analysis. Correspondence between the population’s dominant interspike interval and reported pitch estimates was poor. A fuller analysis of the population interspike interval distribution, which incorporates not only the dominant but all intervals, results in good matches with behavioral results, but not for the entire range of edge frequencies that generates pitch. Finally, we also examined temporal structure over a slower time scale, intermediate between average firing rate and interspike intervals, by studying the SAC envelope. We found that, in response to a given MEP stimulus, this feature also systematically varies with edge frequency, across fibers with different characteristic frequency (CF). Because neural mechanisms to extract envelope cues are well established, and because this cue is not limited by coding of stimulus fine-structure, this newly identified slower temporal cue is a more plausible basis for pitch than cues based on fine-structure.
Perioperative control of paroxysmal hypertension using esmolol with alpha-blockade in a child with a germline mutated paraganglioma
Authors: Babiker Amir , Al Hamdan Wejdan , Kinani Sondos , Kazzaz Yasser , Habeb Abdelhadi , Al Harbi Talal , Al Dubayee Mohammed , Al Namshan M , Attasi Abdul Aleem 
Published: July 2021

Summary
The use of antihypertensive medications in patients with pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PCC/PG) is usually a challenge. We report a case of familial paraganglioma that was successfully treated by esmolol and other antihypertensive medications without associated perioperative complications. Our patient was an 11-year-old girl who presented with classic symptoms and signs of PCC/PG and a CT scan of the abdomen that showed a right-sided paravertebral mass. Her father was diagnosed with paraganglioma a few years ago. Prazosin had been started but she continued to experience uncontrolled paroxysms of blood pressure (BP). She was known to have asthma; hence, she developed serious bronchospasm with atenolol. She was, therefore, switched to esmolol that successfully controlled her BP in addition to prazosin and intermittent doses of hydralazine prior to laparoscopic surgery with no side effects of medications or postoperative complications. Esmolol could be a good alternative to routinely used beta-blockers in children with PCC/PG with labile hypertension and related symptoms in the pre and intra-operative periods. It is titrable, effective, and can be weaned rapidly helping to avoid postoperative complications. Further larger studies on the use of esmolol in children with PCC/PG are needed to confirm our observation.

Learning points

In addition to alpha-blockers, esmolol could be a good alternative for routinely used beta-blockers to control paroxysmal hypertension and tachycardia in the pre- and intra-operative periods.

Esmolol is titrable and an effective beta-blocker. It can be weaned rapidly helping to avoid postoperative complications in children with PCC/PG.

Children with PCC/PG and other comorbidity like asthma may particularly benefit from the use of esmolol due to no or less side effects on airway resistance and the advantage of rapid titration of the medication compared to other beta-blockers.
Biochemical transition during triphasic postpartum thyroiditis: confusion with central hypothyroidism
Authors: Oyibo Samson O , Green Olivia S , Laliwala Nabeel M , Sagi Satyanarayana V 
Published: July 2021

Summary
Hypothyroidism occurring in the postpartum period can be due to pituitary or hypothalamic disease as in Sheehan’s syndrome and postpartum autoimmune hypophysitis or due to a primary thyroid disease as in postpartum thyroiditis. It is important that the correct diagnosis is ascertained because hypothalamic or pituitary disorders are often associated with other pituitary hormone deficiencies, especially life-threatening adrenal insufficiency or adrenal crisis. A combination of various symptoms and biochemical markers, especially serum thyroid-stimulating hormone levels dictate the initial diagnostic pathway. We present a case of a woman who presented with a 2-month history of tiredness and neck discomfort following delivery. A thyroid function test demonstrated results, which we initially interpreted as central hypothyroidism. Follow-up results indicated that this was in fact the transition period between the thyrotoxic phase and hypothyroid phases of postpartum thyroiditis. This case highlights the potential for diagnostic confusion between central hypothyroidism and postpartum thyroiditis.

Learning points

Postpartum thyroiditis affects one in twenty mothers within 12 months of delivery.

The majority of patients have transient thyrotoxicosis only, some have transient hypothyroidism only, and the rest has a triphasic pattern (thyrotoxic, hypothyroid then a euthyroid phase).

During the transition from the thyrotoxic phase to hypothyroid phase, when serum TSH is still suppressed, the biochemical results can resemble that of central hypothyroidism.

If central hypothyroidism is suspected, then urgent diagnostic investigations should be carried out along with the assessment of adrenal function.

There is a potential for diagnostic confusion between postpartum central hypothyroidism and postpartum thyroiditis; however, the obstetric history, clinical symptoms, and signs (headaches, breastfeeding, goitre, etc.) and serum adrenocorticotropic levels should help with the differential diagnosis.
Improving Care Management in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: An RCT
Authors: Guevara James P. , Power Thomas J. , Bevans Katherine , Snitzer Lisa , Leavy Siobhan , Stewart Denise , Broomfield Caroline , Shah Salima , Grundmeier Robert , Michel Jeremy J. , Berkowitz Steven , Blum Nathan J. , Bryan Matthew , Griffis Heather , Fiks Alexander G. 
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVES
To compare the effectiveness of care management combined with a patient portal versus a portal alone for communication among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

METHODS
Randomized controlled trial conducted at 11 primary care practices. Children aged 5 to 12 years old with ADHD were randomly assigned to care management + portal or portal alone. The portal included parent-reported treatment preferences and goals, medication side effects, and parent- and teacher-reported ADHD symptom scales. Care managers provided education to families; communicated quarterly with parents, teachers, and clinicians; and coordinated care. The main outcome, changes in the Vanderbilt Parent Rating Scale (VPRS) score as a measure of ADHD symptoms, was assessed using intention-to-treat analysis.

RESULTS
A total of 303 eligible children (69% male; 46% Black) were randomly assigned, and 273 (90%) completed the study. During the 9-month study, parents in the care management + portal arm communicated inconsistently with care managers (mean 2.2; range 0–6) but similarly used the portal (mean 2.3 vs 2.2) as parents in the portal alone arm. In multivariate models, VPRS scores decreased over time (Adjusted β = −.015; 95% confidence interval −0.023 to −0.07) in both groups, but there were no intervention-by-time effects (Adjusted β = .000; 95% confidence interval −0.011 to 0.012) between groups. Children who received ≥2 care management sessions had greater reductions in VPRS scores than those with fewer sessions.

CONCLUSIONS
Results did not provide evidence that care management combined with a patient portal was different from portal use alone among children with ADHD. Both groups demonstrated similar reductions in ADHD symptoms. Those families with greater care management engagement demonstrated greater reductions than those with less engagement.
Development of a molecular biological assay for the detection of markers related to decreased susceptibility to macrolides and lincomycin in Mycoplasma hyorhinis
Authors: Földi Dorottya , Kreizinger Zsuzsa , Bekő Katinka , Belecz Nikolett , Bányai Krisztián , Kiss Krisztián , Biksi Imre , Gyuranecz Miklós 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe control of Mycoplasma hyorhinis infection relies mainly on antimicrobial therapy. However, the antibiotic susceptibility testing of the bacteria is usually not performed before applying the treatment, and thus therapeutic failures are not uncommon. In the case of M. hyorhinis, several antibiotic-resistance-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are known but assays for their detection have not been described yet. The aims of the present study were to investigate macrolide- and lincomycin-resistance-related SNPs in Hungarian M. hyorhinis isolates and to develop mismatch amplification mutation assays (MAMA) to detect the identified resistance markers. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of different drugs and whole genome sequences of 37 M. hyorhinis isolates were used to find the resistance-related mutations. One MAMA assay was designed to detect the mutation of the 23S rRNA gene at nucleotide position 2058 (Escherichia coli numbering). For further evaluation, the assay was challenged with 17 additional isolates with available MIC data and 15 DNA samples from clinical specimens. The genotypes of the samples were in line with the MIC test results. The developed assay supports the practice of targeted antibiotic usage; hence it may indirectly reduce some bacterial resistance-related public health concerns.