bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’ethnographie au péril de la formalisation des procédures d’enquête
Authors: Rufin Diane , Deshayes Fabien 
Published: July 2021

Pour les chercheur.es se revendiquant d’une approche ethnographique, la négociation de l’accès à un terrain de recherche représente une occasion de compréhension du monde. Dès lors, la formalisation croissante des procédures d’enquête conduit à se demander dans quelle mesure les modalités d’accès aux terrains sont transformées et interrogent l’ethnographie jusque dans ses fondements. Dans cette perspective, nous présentons le déroulement de l’accès au terrain pour une recherche portant sur les relations école-familles au sein de l’enseignement primaire genevois. Nous décrivons le processus ayant permis de recueillir les données, les ajustements réalisés, les difficultés et les contraintes éprouvées par les chercheur.es lors des différentes phases de la négociation : (1) en amont de la recherche, au cours de la conception du projet et des procédures visant à obtenir les accords nécessaires, (2) au début de l’enquête, auprès des directeur.trices et des équipes pédagogiques et (3) auprès de chaque enseignant.e tout au long du travail de terrain. Si l’analyse du processus de négociation donne l’occasion de saisir l’environnement qui configure le terrain et la manière dont les acteurs s’y inscrivent, la formalisation a des effets tangibles sur l’enquête, puisqu’elle tend à étirer et à rigidifier cette phase préalable ainsi qu’à contrecarrer une négociation interindividuelle. Les relations entre chercheur.es et enquêté.es apparaissent dénaturées et un climat de crainte pour soi et pour autrui s’installe. Les réticences de certain.es professionnel.les vis-à-vis de l’enquête, qui s’érigent en défenseurs des usagers, apparaissent avant tout comme une protection des institutions (et des professionnel.les) et comme l’expression d’une judiciarisation des rapports sociaux. Ceci nous conduit alors à interroger la part d’autonomie et de liberté des chercheur.ses.
De la création de la possibilité de l’enquête à l’engagement ethnographique
Authors: Schwartz Olivier , Aubry Agnès , Kuehni Morgane , Scalambrin Laure 
Published: July 2021

Les thématiques abordées dans l’entretien sont multiples et s’entremêlent en partie. Nous pouvons néanmoins en dégager quelques-unes. Après avoir exposé sa manière de comprendre le « cambouis » dans lequel tout ethnographe plonge ses mains (mais aussi sa tête et son cœur…), Olivier Schwartz revient sur les modalités distinctes d’entrée sur ses terrains d’enquête : alors qu’il mène une enquête que l’on pourrait qualifier d’« incognito » (Dargère, 2012) dans le Nord, auprès d’hommes et de femmes qui sont ses voisin·e·s, il se présente comme un sociologue universitaire à la RATP. L’accès aux conducteurs et conductrices de bus de la région parisienne fait l’objet de nombreuses petites négociations en cascade, du haut vers le bas de la chaîne hiérarchique. Bien que ces deux enquêtes aient cours sur une temporalité longue, les pratiques de (non) négociation mises en œuvre par Olivier Schwartz diffèrent fortement et sont en partie liées aux rôles endossés sur chacun des terrains. Après avoir discuté des tenants et aboutissants « pratiques », mais aussi épistémologiques, de ses manières différenciées d’enquêter, il raconte très concrètement la façon dont il se présente et présente son travail, soulignant la part « d’inventivité » dont doit faire preuve l’ethnographe pour faire face aux imprévus ou aux lacunes inhérents à ce type de démarche. Il évoque la place centrale du statut de la parole dans ses enquêtes et aborde la question relativement peu débattue dans les arènes académiques des affects et des émotions dans la relation d’enquête, des raisons de ses insatisfactions, mais aussi de ses tourments et sentiments de culpabilité. Ces affects, loin d’être des parasites à la démarche d’enquête, sont au contraire de précieux « baromètres » pour résoudre certains dilemmes éthiques qui surviennent, notamment, au moment de négocier la sortie du terrain et de restituer les résultats de l’enquête. Il insiste sur l’importance de débattre collectivement de ces questions et affirme que sans « l’authentique souci des enquêté-e-s », la démarche ethnographique ne fait aucun sens.
Pour une sociologie curieuse, libre et tenace
Authors: Peneff Jean , Kuehni Morgane , Meyer Michaël 
Published: July 2021

Cet échange était pour nous l’occasion d’inviter Jean Peneff à parler de sa carrière, à revenir sur les liens qu’il entretient avec certains sociologues de l’école de Chicago, mais aussi et surtout de nous raconter certaines de ses expériences d’accès aux nombreux terrains d’enquête qu’il a parcouru. De l’Algérie, où il a fait ses premiers pas d’enseignant-chercheur, jusqu’aux observations de la « jungle » de Calais réalisées plus récemment, en passant par la Bretagne, la constante de son parcours est une insatiable curiosité. Les pratiques de (non) négociation mises en œuvre par le sociologue sont très directement dépendantes du contexte d’enquête et de l’accueil qui lui est réservé. Capacité d’ajustement, de réajustement et d’anticipation sont donc à ses yeux des attributs nécessaires aux chercheur-e-s de terrain. Durant notre discussion, nous avons également questionné Jean Peneff sur l’observation incognito. Alors que ces pratiques de recherche sont aujourd’hui largement débattues dans les arènes académiques, il nous a semblé particulièrement intéressant d’entendre le récit d’une personne qui a créé des identités d’emprunt pour mener ses recherches. Ayant accompli toute sa carrière avec la même conviction de la nécessité d’aller voir par soi-même, il a plusieurs fois eu recours à la « clandestinité » pour poursuivre des enquêtes face à des mondes sociaux et professionnels qui s’y refusaient. Le retour régulier de cette invitation à la curiosité, voire à la ténacité, simple et franche, demeure une constante chez notre interlocuteur, malgré les tentations nostalgiques ou pessimistes qui pourraient survenir de certains développements actuels, notamment l’augmentation des exigences formelles dans la mise en place d’une enquête de terrain (passage par des comités d’éthiques, fiches de consentement, etc.), que Jean Peneff décrit comme de possibles obstacles à une pratique de l’enquête de terrain telle qu’il l’a connue au début de sa carrière.
Birth Preparedness Practice: Profiling Determining Factors for Male Involvement in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Dada Samuel , Okunola Oluseyi , Arulogun Oyedunni 
Published: July 2021

Maternal mortality remains high in most African countries including Nigeria. Delays in seeking care for normal delivery and obstetric emergencies are the major determinants of maternal mortality. Birth Preparedness (BP) has been found to be very effective in reducing these delays. Females have always been focused on birth preparedness studies. This study was however designed to investigate male involvement in the practice of birth preparedness in Southern, Nigeria. This was a descriptive study design using a validated structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 302 married men in the community. Knowledge on BP was measured on a 48-point knowledge scale and a 30-point practice scale was used to determine male involvement in BP. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics at p<0.05. The mean age of the respondents was 38.0 ± 8.6 years. Majority (59.9 %) of the respondents had good knowledge on birth preparedness. Mean score for level of involvement was 21.52±5.4 and 43.0% of the respondents had good score. Identified factors militating against male involvement in birth preparedness include low socioeconomic status, busy work schedule, cultural belief, and poor attitude of health workers. There was significant association between knowledge of birth preparedness and religion as well as level of male involvement in BP (p=0.018; 0.001 respectively). This study showed low level of male involvement in birth preparedness. Several factors were identified to be responsible for this. There is therefore the need for sustainable community health education programmes to motivate and encourage male involvement in birth preparedness.

Keywords: Birth preparedness, Knowledge, Male involvement, Practices
Nutrient and Antinutrient Compositions of Some Edible Insect Species in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Oibiokpa Florence Inje 
Published: July 2021

Nutrient and Antinutrient Compositions of Some Edible Insect Species in Northern Nigeria. The nutrient and antinutrient compositions of Moth caterpillar (Cirinaforda), Termite (Macrotermes nigierensis), Cricket (Gryllus assimilis) and Grasshopper (Melanoplus foedus) were determined. The proximate compositions were analysed using the methods of the Association of official Analytical Chemist while minerals were estimated using Atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The fatty acid profile of the oils extracted from the insects was determined by Gas chromatography/Mass spectrometry method. The vitamin and antinutrient composition of these insects were determined using standard laboratory methods. Termite was found to contain the highest amounts of moisture (4.50 Â± 0.12%), ash (8.00 Â± 0.12%) and fats (40.83 Â± 0.03%) while moth caterpillar was found to have the highest amount of crude fibre and carbohydrate (13.25 Â± 0.21%). Grasshopper was found to have the highest amount of crude protein (75.08 Â± 0.91 %) while termite contained the least amount of protein (43.75 Â± 0.03%). The Metabolisable energy of the insects were generally high and ranged from 392.83 Â± 0.35 kcal/100g in grasshopper to 554.00 Â± 3.40kcal/100g in termite. Potassium was the most abundant mineral in all the insects. Palmitic acid was found in high amounts in termite (25.78%), moth caterpillar (20.78%) and grasshopper (21.15%) while cricket had the lowest palmitic acid content (1.69%). The essential fatty acids found in the insects were linolenic acid and linoleic acid. Moth Caterpillar had the highest amount of linolenic acid (28.69%) while grasshopper had the highest amount of linoleic acid (17.2%). Vitamin E was found to be the most abundant vitamin while vitamin B2 was the least abundant in all the insects analysed. Antinutrients in all the insects were within permissible limits and may not pose any threat to their usage as sources of food. These results have thus justified the consumption of these insects as food.
Production of Proteolytic Enzyme from Catfish Waste Using Bacillus subtilis, Proteus vulgaris, and Arthrobacter aurescens
Authors: Fajingbesi Aminat 
Published: July 2021

The world marine captured fishes contribute to more than 50% of the total world fish production. About 70% of fish is processed before final sale, resulting in 20-80% of fish waste depending on the level of processing and type of fish. The majority of fish wastes are disposed of in the ocean as well as on land. The discards from the processing plants amount to 20 million tonnes, which is equivalent to 25% of the worldâ€™s total production from marine captured fisheries. The fish processing industry generates considerable amounts of by-products such as waste that includes shells, scales, fins and bone frames. Interestingly, they are all often high in protein, which can be processed into useful products. Three organisms Bacillus subtilis, Proteus vulgaris, and Arthrobacter aurescens were isolated and used in the production of the proteolytic enzyme in three different protease production media. B. subtilis, P. vulgaris and A. aurescens were observed to have produced protease best at 48 hr of the second production, 72hr of the third production, and 72hr of first production, respectively. Fish waste should not be discarded into the environment, which can cause adverse effect on human health and environmental pollution, but rather they can be used in industries such as food industry in the production of baby foods to help break down the available protein into amino acids required by the body.
A Comprehensive Study of Real-Time Vacant Parking Space Detection Towards the need of a Robust Model
Authors: Mahmud Rifath , Saif A. F. M. Saifuddin , Gomes Dipta 
Published: July 2021

Detection of vacant parking space is becoming a challenging task gradually. Space utilization and management of vehicle space is now a demandable field of research. Searching for an empty parking space in congested traffic is a time-consuming process. The existing vacant parking space detection methods are not robust or generalized for images captured from different camera viewpoints. Finding a proper parking space in a busy city is really a challenging issue and people are facing this problem on a daily basis. The main purpose of this research is to comprehensively discuss the previous researches of vacant parking space detection and compare them from different aspects. Methods used in previous researches are descriptively discussed along with their advantages and disadvantages. The frameworks of previous researches were compared on six generalized phases and the experimental results are compared in terms of dataset, accuracy, processing time and other performance measures. This research also focuses on the challenges of vision-based vacant parking space detection which will contribute to future researches and researchers can work to overcome these challenges.
Validity and usefulness of the student-athletes’ motivation toward sport and academics questionnaire: a Bayesian multilevel approach
Authors: Quinaud Ricardo T. , Gonçalves Carlos E. , Possamai Kauana , Morais Cristiano Zarbato , Capranica Laura , Carvalho Humberto M. 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundReliable assessment and understanding of student-athletes’ motivation for dual careers are crucial to support their career development and transitions. The purpose of this research was to examine the validity and usefulness of the student-athletes’ motivation toward sport and academics questionnaire (SAMSAQ-PT) in the Brazilian higher education context. Four studies were performed.MethodsIn study one, conceptually and semantic translation of the questionnaire and Bayesian exploratory factor analysis were conducted. In study two, a Bayesian confirmatory factor analysis with an independent sample was performed. In study three, Bayesian multilevel modeling was applied to examine the construct validity of the questionnaire in a cross-sectional sample. In study four, the SAMSAQ-PT sensitiveness was examined in a longitudinal sample, and the results were interpreted based on multilevel regression and poststratification.ResultsAltogether the results provided evidence validity and usefulness of the SAMSAQ-PT in Brazilian student-athletes. The Brazilian student-athletes’ motivation scores were sensitive to the influence of sex, sport level, and type of university on career and sport motivation. SAMSAQ-PT estimate scores across an academic year showed a trend of stability in the scores, adjusting for sex, sport level, type of university, and student-athlete status.ConclusionThe SAMSAQ-PT proved to be a robust and valuable questionnaire, which could be used in Portuguese-speaking countries. The findings of the cross-sectional and longitudinal surveys urge to consider individual and contextual characteristics when investigating motivation of dual-career of athletes, also concerning the sex-related opportunities in university sports. Furthermore, there is a need for a call for action to promote and nurture the student-athletes motivation to remain engaged in both sports and educational commitments.
Total Free Proline Estimated in Some Selected Species of Pteridophytic Flora of Rajasthan
Authors: Hussain Shahdab , Filimban Faten Z. , Quazi Shirin 
Published: July 2021

Proline, a well-known amino acid, has been estimated in ten different pteridophytes, including Adiantum capillus-veneris L., Adiantum caudatum L., Adiantum incisum Forssk., Adiantum philippense L., and Actiniopteris radiata (Sw.) link. Christenh. in various organs such as the root, rhizome, and leaves Hemionitis anceps (Blanf.) Christenh., Hemionitis bicolor (Roxb.) Christenh., Hemionitis formosana Christenh (Hayata). Result of study is indicate that the maximum total proline in entire plant was recorded 43.54 mg/gdw and leaves have been recorded 24.10 mg/gdw in Pteris vittata subsp. vittata and the minimum value was recorded 3.60 mg/gdw in root of Adiantum caudatum L.
Prevalence, Pattern and Risk Factors of Dating Violence among Undergraduate Students of a Tertiary Institution within Sokoto Metropolis of Sokoto State, Nigeria
Authors: Adamu Habibullah , Oche Oche Mansur , Isah Muhammad Aisha , Muhammad Sahabi Abubakar , Abdullahi Akilu 
Published: July 2021

Aim: To determine the prevalence, pattern and risk factors of dating violence among undergraduate students of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto (UDUS).
Methodology: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 340 undergraduate students, selected via multistage sampling technique. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents, and data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 26.0 and Microsoft Excel 2016.
Results: The ages of the respondents ranged from 18 to 29 years, with mean of 22.4±2 years; 218(66.9%) were males, 214(65.6%) were Hausa/Fulani and 266(81.9%) were Muslims. Majority of the respondents have been in a dating relationship for more than one academic year; 106(37.3%) of the dating partners were students of the university, of which 26(24.8%) were class mates. Current and lifetime prevalence of dating violence were 56% and 59.5% respectively. Form of dating violence experienced mostly by respondents was emotional/psychological violence [44(22.4%)], physical violence was the least experienced [27(14.04%)]. Up to 93(48%) of the dating violence took place on campus and 68(35%) of the perpetrators were current partners. Factors associated with dating violence included feeling overburdened by partners’ demands, and spending too much on partner.
Conclusion: Current and lifetime prevalence of dating violence were high and emotional violence was the commonest form of dating violence experienced by respondents. There is need for school authorities to put in place mechanisms to identify victims of dating violence and come up with measures aimed at stemming the tide of dating violence in university campuses.
Prevalence of Helminthiasis and Worm Load among Pre-school Children in Rural Areas of Enugu State
Authors: Ugwunna Nwachukwu Chinedu , Ude Nnamdi Nnanna , Ugwunna Ogochukwu Chinwe , Onwasigwe Chika Nwanma , Aguwa Emmanuel Nwabueze , Aniwada Elias , Aneke Francis 
Published: July 2021

Background: Globally, many people suffer from parasitic infections of the intestines with up to 24% of the world population are affected. These infections are particularly prevalent in low-and middle-income countries and exist mainly among economically and socially disadvantaged populations. This study sought to establish the current prevalence of STHs among preschool children in rural areas of Enugu State.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out at Obinofia Ndi-Uno and Obe, rural communities of Enugu State, Nigeria. A pre-tested semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and Laboratory kits for stool analysis were used. Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS statistics version 22.
Results: A total of 589 preschool children (294 from Obinofia Ndi-Uno and 295 from Obe) were studied. Ova of helminths were seen in the stool of 47 preschool children giving a prevalence of 8% with ascariasis being the predominant infection.
Discussion: The prevalence of worm infection in this study was low compared to some studies in Nigeria, Africa, and other parts of the world.
Patterns and Barriers of Breast Feeding among Lactating Females in Kafr Esam Rural Health Unit
Authors: Elhousiny Rizk Fathy , Elghazally Noha M. , Aldeeb Abdelaziz Farouk , Elkafas Elsayed Abdel-Rahman 
Published: July 2021

Background: Breastfeeding is considered as one of the major public health strategies for improving infant and child morbidity and mortality, as well as decreasing maternal morbidity because of the wide range of benefits of exclusive breastfeeding to the mother and infant. The aim of the work was to identify the frequency of exclusive breastfeeding, patterns and barriers of breastfeeding.
Methodology: A cross- sectional study was carried out on 400 lactating women from July 2019 up to Sep. 2020 at Kafr Esam Rural Health Unit in Gharbia Governorate, Egypt. Data were collected by a self-administrated questionnaire.
Results: The frequency of exclusively breastfeeding women was 44.75%, while 30.25% were mixed breastfeeding and formula and 25% were using formula only. The barriers of exclusive breastfeeding were: had low breast milk supply (20.25%), mothers work related (9.5%), infant illness (9.25%), mother illness (8%), sore and cracked nipples (7%), easier bottle feeding (6.5%), more than one problem (6.25%), mother on medication (4.75%), 4.5% had baby crying too much, 2.25% had breast infection, 2.25% didn’t like breastfeeding, 1.25% had pressure from family, 0.75% were fasting in Ramadan and no patient said that husband didn’t support breastfeeding.
Conclusions: The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of infant’s life was accepted (44.75%) but needs more improvement and multiple barriers were present. Management of breastfeeding barriers and their problems. Encourage pregnant women for vaginal delivery. Initiate and support breastfeeding campaigns by mass media annually define a national day for breastfeeding. Further studies are needed.
Laser‐Induced Graphene Assisting Self‐Conversion Reaction for Sulfur‐Free Aqueous Cu‐S Battery
Authors: Yang Zhengwei , Xu Chiwei , Yan Huihui , Liu Yiwen , Yue Chuang , Zhang Liyuan , Shui Miao , Hu Fang , Shu Jie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn aqueous/nonaqueous metal‐sulfur batteries, sulfur‐based redox couple exhibits significant challenges mainly due to its low electrochemical kinetics, potential shuttle effect, and large volume change. Although massive researches have been conducted to optimize or replace metal anode and cathode composite, major challenges caused by the dependency on sulfur‐based redox couple still remain. In this study, a novel redox couple of CuS/Cu2S, which provides the same theoretical capacity (based on conventional S/S2− redox couple) by changing the valence of ion charge carrier, is proposed. For achieving high reversibility, commercially viable laser‐induced graphene (LIG) is fabricated and used for the first time in aqueous metal‐sulfur batteries. By virtue of the synergism between novel redox couple and LIG, aqueous CuS/Cu2S battery delivers a highly reversible capacity of 1654.9 mAh g−1 in the initial cycle and retains 91.2% with 1509.5 mAh g−1 after 328 cycles. When being cycled at 2.8 A g−1, its reversible capacity still retains 92.1% after 410 cycles. This study provides a new choice by using a sulfur‐free redox couple from screening thermodynamic parameters and analyzes the functional mechanism of LIG by density functional theory, aiming to innovate the energy storage mechanism of aqueous metal‐sulfur batteries.