bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temozolomide is additive with cytotoxic effect of irradiation in canine glioma cell lines
Authors: Tresch Nina Simona , Fuchs Daniel , Morandi Luca , Tonon Caterina , Rohrer Bley Carla , Nytko Katarzyna J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundSimilar to human glioblastoma patients, glial tumours in dogs have high treatment resistance and a guarded prognosis. In human medicine, the addition of temozolomide to radiotherapy leads to a favourable outcome in vivo as well as a higher antiproliferative effect on tumour cells in vitro.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to determine the radio‐ and temozolomide‐sensitivity of three canine glial tumour cell lines and to investigate a potential additive cytotoxic effect in combined treatment. Additionally, we wanted to detect the level of MGMT promoter methylation in these cell lines and to investigate a potential association between MGMT promoter methylation and treatment resistance.MethodsCells were treated with various concentrations of temozolomide and/or irradiated with 4 and 8 Gy. Radiosensitization by temozolomide was evaluated using proliferation assay and clonogenic assay, and MGMT DNA methylation was investigated using bisulfite next‐generation sequencing.ResultsIn all tested canine cell lines, clonogenicity was inhibited significantly in combined treatment compared to radiation alone. All canine glial cell lines tested in this study were found to have high methylation levels of MGMT promoter.ConclusionsHence, an additive effect of combined treatment in MGMT negative canine glial tumour cell lines in vitro was detected. This motivates to further investigate the association between treatment resistance and MGMT, such as MGMT promoter methylation status.
The Abrikosov vortex in curved space
Authors: Albert Jan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We study the self-gravitating Abrikosov vortex in curved space with and with-out a (negative) cosmological constant, considering both singular and non-singular solutions with an eye to hairy black holes. In the asymptotically flat case, we find that non-singular vortices round off the singularity of the point particle’s metric in 3 dimensions, whereas singular solutions consist of vortices holding a conical singularity at their core. There are no black hole vortex solutions. In the asymptotically AdS case, in addition to these solutions there exist singular solutions containing a BTZ black hole, but they are always hairless. So we find that in contrast with 4-dimensional ’t Hooft-Polyakov monopoles, which can be regarded as their higher-dimensional analogues, Abrikosov vortices cannot hold a black hole at their core. We also describe the implications of these results in the context of AdS/CFT and propose an interpretation for their CFT dual along the lines of the holographic superconductor.
Poisson gauge theory
Authors: Kupriyanov Vladislav G. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Poisson gauge algebra is a semi-classical limit of complete non- commutative gauge algebra. In the present work we formulate the Poisson gauge theory which is a dynamical field theoretical model having the Poisson gauge algebra as a corresponding algebra of gauge symmetries. The proposed model is designed to investigate the semi-classical features of the full non-commutative gauge theory with coordinate dependent non-commutativity Θab(x), especially whose with a non-constant rank. We derive the expression for the covariant derivative of matter field. The commutator relation for the covariant derivatives defines the Poisson field strength which is covariant under the Poisson gauge transformations and reproduces the standard U(1) field strength in the commutative limit. We derive the corresponding Bianchi identities. The field equations for the gauge and the matter fields are obtained from the gauge invariant action. We consider different examples of linear in coordinates Poisson structures Θab(x), as well as non-linear ones, and obtain explicit expressions for all proposed constructions. Our model is unique up to invertible field redefinitions and coordinate transformations.
A New Approach to Slice Analysis Via Slice Topology
Authors: Dou Xinyuan , Jin Ming , Ren Guangbin , Sabadini Irene 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper we summarize some known facts on slice topology in the quaternionic case, and we deepen some of them by proving new results and discussing some examples. We then show, following Dou et al. (A representation formula for slice regular functions over slice-cones in several variables,arXiv:2011.13770, 2020), how this setting allows us to generalize slice analysis to the general case of functions with values in a real left alternative algebra, which includes the case of slice monogenic functions with values in Clifford algebra. Moreover, we further extend slice analysis, in one and several variables, to functions with values in a Euclidean space of even dimension. In this framework, we study the domains of slice regularity, we prove some extension properties and the validity of a Taylor expansion for a slice regular function.
A proof of Ringel’s conjecture
Authors: Montgomery R. , Pokrovskiy A. , Sudakov B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA typical decomposition question asks whether the edges of some graph G can be partitioned into disjoint copies of another graph H. One of the oldest and best known conjectures in this area, posed by Ringel in 1963, concerns the decomposition of complete graphs into edge-disjoint copies of a tree. It says that any tree with n edges packs $$2n+1$$

2
n
+
1

times into the complete graph $$K_{2n+1}$$

K

2
n
+
1

. In this paper, we prove this conjecture for large n.
Astrophotonics: astronomy and modern optics
Authors: Minardi S. , Harris R. J. , Labadie L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMuch of the progress in astronomy has been driven by instrumental developments, from the first telescopes to fiber fed spectrographs. In this review, we describe the field of astrophotonics, a combination of photonics and astronomical instrumentation that is gaining importance in the development of current and future instrumentation. We begin with the science cases that have been identified as possibly benefiting from astrophotonic devices. We then discuss devices, methods and developments in the field along with the advantages they provide. We conclude by describing possible future perspectives in the field and their influence on astronomy.
Sliding abrasive wear when combining WEDM conditions and polishing treatment on H13 disks over 1045 carbon steel pins
Authors: Sánchez Egea Antonio J. , Martynenko Vitaliy , Simoncelli Alejando , Serrancoli Gil , Krahmer Daniel Martínez 
Published: September 2021

AbstractForging dies are crucial in forging to manufacture accurate workpieces. These dies are generally made of AISI H steel series and hardened and tempered medium carbon alloy steel. Dies are processed by using high-speed milling + polishing or electrical discharge machining + polishing. The surface quality of the workpiece depends on the surface properties of these dies, where surface roughness, material hardness, and wear evolution of their surfaces are critical aspects to consider. This research analyzes different wire electrical discharge machining surface conditions combined with polishing treatment to describe their influence on friction and wear. Wire electrical discharge machining defines the disks’ surface properties in finishing and roughing conditions, and polishing treatment varies in time and paper sand depending on the roughness. Abbott-Firestone curves and Rsk-Rku roughness parameters characterize the surface roughness of each studied configuration. Room temperature pin-on-disk tests were performed to analyze friction coefficients and wear rate for AISI 1045 pins and AISI H13 disks. On average, the highest (0.284) and the lowest (0.201) friction coefficients were found for the combination of finishing wire electrical discharge machining + polishing and roughing wire electrical discharge machining conditions, respectively. Scanning electron microscope images were taken to describe the wear tracks and pin degradation for different sliding abrasive configurations. The diagram correlating the surface morphology and the friction coefficient predicts the wear damage on initial surface conditions, which is crucial in the forging industry to determine tool maintenance or replacement.
Equivariant splitting of the Hodge–de Rham exact sequence
Authors: Garnek Jędrzej 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLet X be an algebraic curve with a faithful action of a finite group G over a field k. We show that if the Hodge–de Rham short exact sequence of X splits G-equivariantly then the action of G on X is weakly ramified. In particular, this generalizes the result of Köck and Tait for hyperelliptic curves. We discuss also converse statements and tie this problem to lifting coverings of curves to the ring of Witt vectors of length 2.
Paradoxical facilitation alongside interhemispheric inhibition
Authors: Belyk Michel , Banks Russell , Tendera Anna , Chen Robert , Beal Deryk S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNeurophysiological experiments using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) have sought to probe the function of the motor division of the corpus callosum. Primary motor cortex sends projections via the corpus callosum with a net inhibitory influence on the homologous region of the opposite hemisphere. Interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) experiments probe this inhibitory pathway. A test stimulus (TS) delivered to the motor cortex in one hemisphere elicits motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in a target muscle, while a conditioning stimulus (CS) applied to the homologous region of the opposite hemisphere modulates the effect of the TS. We predicted that large CS MEPs would be associated with increased IHI since they should be a reliable index of how effectively contralateral motor cortex was stimulated and therefore of the magnitude of interhemispheric inhibition. However, we observed a strong tendency for larger CS MEPs to be associated with reduced interhemispheric inhibition which in the extreme lead to a net effect of facilitation. This surprising effect was large, systematic, and observed in nearly all participants. We outline several hypotheses for mechanisms which may underlie this phenomenon to guide future research.
Comparison of nodal staging between CT, MRI, and [18F]-FDG PET/MRI in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer
Authors: Morawitz Janna , Bruckmann Nils-Martin , Dietzel Frederic , Ullrich Tim , Bittner Ann-Kathrin , Hoffmann Oliver , Ruckhäberle Eugen , Mohrmann Svjetlana , Häberle Lena , Ingenwerth Marc , Abrar Daniel Benjamin , Sawicki Lino Morris , Breuckmann Katharina , Fendler Wolfgang Peter , Herrmann Ken , Buchbender Christian , Antoch Gerald , Umutlu Lale , Kirchner Julian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To compare CT, MRI, and [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ([18F]-FDG PET/MRI) for nodal status, regarding quantity and location of metastatic locoregional lymph nodes in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer.

Materials and methods
One hundred eighty-two patients (mean age 52.7 ± 11.9 years) were included in this prospective double-center study. Patients underwent dedicated contrast-enhanced chest/abdomen/pelvis computed tomography (CT) and whole-body ([18F]-FDG PET/) magnet resonance imaging (MRI). Thoracal datasets were evaluated separately regarding quantity, lymph node station (axillary levels I–III, supraclavicular, internal mammary chain), and lesion character (benign vs. malign). Histopathology served as reference standard for patient-based analysis. Patient-based and lesion-based analyses were compared by a McNemar test. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy were assessed for all three imaging modalities.

Results
On a patient-based analysis, PET/MRI correctly detected significantly more nodal positive patients than MRI (p < 0.0001) and CT (p < 0.0001). No statistically significant difference was seen between CT and MRI. PET/MRI detected 193 lesions in 75 patients (41.2%), while MRI detected 123 lesions in 56 patients (30.8%) and CT detected 104 lesions in 50 patients, respectively. Differences were statistically significant on a lesion-based analysis (PET/MRI vs. MRI, p < 0.0001; PET/MRI vs. CT, p < 0.0001; MRI vs. CT, p = 0.015). Subgroup analysis for different lymph node stations showed that PET/MRI detected significantly more lymph node metastases than MRI and CT in each location (axillary levels I–III, supraclavicular, mammary internal chain). MRI was superior to CT only in axillary level I (p = 0.0291).

Conclusion
[18F]-FDG PET/MRI outperforms CT or MRI in detecting nodal involvement on a patient-based analysis and on a lesion-based analysis. Furthermore, PET/MRI was superior to CT or MRI in detecting lymph node metastases in all lymph node stations. Of all the tested imaging modalities, PET/MRI showed the highest sensitivity, whereas CT showed the lowest sensitivity, but was most specific.
What is that smell? Hummingbirds avoid foraging on resources with defensive insect compounds
Authors: Kim Ashley Y. , Rankin David T. , Rankin Erin E. Wilson 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Hummingbirds utilize visual cues to locate flowers, but little is known about the role olfaction plays in nectar foraging despite observations that hummingbirds avoid resources occupied by certain insects. We investigated the behavioral responses of both wild and captive hummingbirds to olfactory cues of hymenopteran floral visitors, including native wood ants (Formica francoeuri), invasive Argentine ants (Linepithema humile), and European honeybees (Apis mellifera). We demonstrate for the first time that hummingbirds use olfaction to make foraging decisions when presented with insect-derived chemical cues under field and aviary conditions. Both wild and captive hummingbirds avoided foraging on feeders with defensive chemicals of F. francoeuri and aggregation pheromones of L. humile, but showed no response to honeybee cuticular hydrocarbons. Our experiments demonstrate the importance of olfaction in shaping hummingbird foraging decisions.

Significance statement
Recent reviews reveal that avian olfaction is not just limited to vultures and a few taxa. We demonstrate that a very charismatic group, hummingbirds, avoid defensive and aggregatory chemical cues from insects present at nectar resources. Olfactory cues can provide critical information about the presence and potential threat of insect floral visitors. This study raises new questions about the underrated importance of olfaction in avian foraging and specifically, hummingbird foraging.
The anemia-independent impact of myelodysplastic syndromes on health-related quality of life
Authors: Wouters Hanneke J. C. M. , Conrads-Frank Annette , Koinig Karin A. , Smith Alex , Yu Ge , de Witte Theo , Wolffenbuttel Bruce H. R. , Huls Gerwin , Siebert Uwe , Stauder Reinhard , van der Klauw Melanie M. ,   on behalf of the MDS-RIGHT partners
Published: September 2021

AbstractMyelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are in the majority of cases characterized by anemia. Both anemia and MDS per se may directly contribute to impairments in health-related quality of life (HRQoL). In this study, we aimed to investigate the anemia-independent impact of MDS on HRQoL. We evaluated participants (≥ 50 years) from the large population-based Lifelines cohort (N = 44,694, mean age 59.0 ± 7.4 years, 43.6% male) and the European MDS Registry (EUMDS) (N = 1538, mean age 73.4 ± 9.0 years, 63.0% male), which comprises a cohort of lower-risk MDS patients. To enable comparison concerning HRQoL, SF-36 scores measured in Lifelines were converted to EQ-5D-3L index (range 0–1) and dimension scores. Lower-risk MDS patients had significantly lower HRQoL than those from the Lifelines cohort, as illustrated in both the index score and in the five different dimensions. Multivariable linear regression analysis demonstrated that MDS had an adjusted total impact on the EQ-5D index score (B =  − 0.12, p < 0.001) and an anemia-independent “direct” impact (B =  − 0.10, p < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed an anemia-independent impact of MDS in the dimension mobility, self-care, usual activities, and anxiety/depression (all except pain/discomfort). This study demonstrates that the major part of the negative impact of lower-risk MDS on HRQoL is not mediated via anemia. Thus, the therapeutic focus should include treatment strategies directed at underlying pathogenic mechanisms to improve HRQoL, rather than aiming predominantly at increasing hemoglobin levels.
Understanding crop processing and its social meaning in the Xinzhai period (1850–1750 cal bce): a case study on the Xinzhai site, China
Authors: An Jingping , Kirleis Wiebke , Zhao Chunqing , Jin Guiyun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlthough the Xinzhai period (1850–1750 cal bce) has been widely regarded as a critical time for the development of urbanization in China, little is known about the labour and social organization of the time. In this paper, archaeobotanical assemblages have been used to explore evidence of crop processing and they have provided further insights into the organization of labour and society at the Xinzhai site on the Central Plain of China. This is the first case study linking agricultural activities and social organization in the Xinzhai period. By discussing macro-botanical and phytolith results together, we conclude that the hulled cereals Setaria italica (foxtail millet), Panicum miliaceum (common or broomcorn millet) and Oryza sativa (rice), and the free-threshing pulse Glycine max (soybean) were all partly processed before storage to reduce labour demand in the harvest period. Since these summer-sown crops are all harvested in autumn, the practice of partial processing might imply that less labour was needed before storage. Thus, the labour for crop processing appears to have been organized on the basis of small production units such as households. This pattern is different from the communal bulk processing of crops before storage by the contemporary inhabitants of Dongzhao. Different patterns of social organization in various settlements in the Xinzhai period can thus be suggested. This conclusion contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the social development of communities living on the Central Plain and indicates that a steady increase in social complexity was very likely in the period before urbanization.
Inactive rhomboid proteins RHBDF1 and RHBDF2 (iRhoms): a decade of research in murine models
Authors: Burzenski Lisa M. , Low Benjamin E. , Kohar Vivek , Shultz Leonard D. , Wiles Michael V. , Hosur Vishnu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRhomboid proteases, first discovered inDrosophila, are intramembrane serine proteases. Members of the rhomboid protein family that are catalytically deficient are known as inactive rhomboids (iRhoms). iRhoms have been implicated in wound healing, cancer, and neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, inflammation, and skin diseases. The past decade of mouse research has shed new light on two key protein domains of iRhoms—the cytosolic N-terminal domain and the transmembrane dormant peptidase domain—suggesting new ways to target multiple intracellular signaling pathways. This review focuses on recent advances in uncovering the unique functions of iRhom protein domains in normal growth and development, growth factor signaling, and inflammation, with a perspective on future therapeutic opportunities.
Spectral responses across a dorsal–ventral array of dermal sensilla in the medicinal leech
Authors: Groves Thomas K. H. , Jellies John A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHow do animals use visual systems to extract specific features of a visual scene and respond appropriately? The medicinal leech, Hirudo verbana, is a predatory, quasi-amphibious annelid with a rich sensorium that is an excellent system in which to study how sensory cues are encoded, and how key features of visual images are mapped into the CNS. The leech visual system is broadly distributed over its entire body, consisting of five pairs of cephalic eyecups and seven segmentally iterated pairs of dermal sensilla in each mid-body segment. Leeches have been shown to respond behaviorally to both green and near ultraviolet light (UV, 365–375 nm). Here, we used electrophysiological techniques to show that spectral responses by dermal sensilla are mapped across the dorsal–ventral axis, such that the ventral sensilla respond strongly to UV light, while dorsal sensilla respond strongly to visible light, broadly tuned around green. These results establish how key features of visual information are initially encoded by spatial mapping of photo-response profiles of primary photoreceptors and provide insight into how these streams of information are presented to the CNS to inform behavioral responses.
A two-fluid model for the formation of clusters close to a continuous or almost continuous transition
Authors: Pleiner Harald , Brand Helmut R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractExperiments have shown that spatial heterogeneities can arise when the glass transition in polymers as well as in a number of low molecular weight compounds is approached by lowering the temperature. This formation of “clusters” has been detected predominantly by small angle light scattering and ultrasmall angle x-ray scattering from the central peak on length scales up to about 200 nm and by mechanical measurements including, in particular, piezorheometry for length scales up to several microns. Here we use a macroscopic two-fluid model to study the formation of clusters observed by the various experimental techniques. As additional macroscopic variables, when compared to simple fluids, we use a transient strain field to incorporate transient positional order, along with the velocity difference and a relaxing concentration field for the two subsystems. We show that an external homogeneous shear, as it is applied in piezorheometry, can lead to the onset of spatial pattern formation. To address the issue of additional spectral weight under the central peak we investigate the coupling to all macroscopic variables. We find that there are additional static as well as dissipative contributions from both, transient positional order, as well as from concentration variations due to cluster formation, and additional reversible couplings from the velocity difference. We also briefly discuss the influence of transient orientational order. Finally, we point out that our description is more general, and could be applied above continuous or almost continuous transitions