bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Success Factors for the Design of Field-level Control Code in Machine and Plant Manufacturing - an Industrial Survey -
Authors: Vogel-Heuser Birgit , Fischer Juliane , Neumann Eva-Maria , Kreiner Matthias 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The amount of software in automated production systems, including its development effort, is continuously increasing to currently up to 35-50% of the development personnel. Consequently, success factors for achieving modularity and complexity management of control software are of high economic interest. Scientific solutions are manifold but often not implemented in industry. This paper introduces the study QoaPS SWE (Quality of automated Production Systems’ Software Engineering) providing insights into 61 machine and plant manufacturing companies to give quantitative and qualitative results to five essential research questions on success factors in the design of field-level control code. Compared to preceding surveys, QoaPS SWE achieves statistically significant results for software maturity (MMOD+), complexity, and model-based software engineering and provides detailed insights into causes and consequences for single criteria, thus clearly identifying obstacles to be addressed in future research and with industrial countermeasures. Especially staff qualification and organizational issues are identified as obstacles to applying the object-oriented programming paradigm for control software in machine and plant manufacturing. Validity is ensured by analyzing the statistical significance of the results in addition to comparisons with earlier surveys and interviews as well as the comparison with already existing and accepted maturity levels. The provided qualitative and quantitative results will allow the benchmarking of companies’ maturity and the derivation of concrete recommendations for companies depending on their MMOD+ value and the evaluated characteristics.
Enhanced Visible Light Photocatalytic Degradation of Fe-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles For Organic Dyes
Authors: M Senthilkumar , Arunagiri C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
FexZn1-xO (x = 0, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1 M) nanoparticles based photocatalysts were synthesized by a chemical precipitation method and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray emission (EDX) and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The photocatalytic efficiency of FexZn1-xO catalysts was assessed under visible light irradiation using the degradation of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) dye in aqueous solution. The present investigation shows that the effect of optimized parameters (pH, catalyst dosage and initial dye concentration) and doping concentrations plays significant role in photocatalytic activity. The detailed photocatalytic mechanism for the enhancement of photocatalytic activity has also been proposed.
A Clinical Study of Internet Gaming Disorder in Adolescents with Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Sachan Praveen , Arya Amit , Singh Shweta , Gupta Pawan Kumar , Agarwal Vivek 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose- The severity of different IGD symptoms criteria has not been explored much. The study describes the phenomenology of IGD in Adolescents with comorbid psychiatric disorders attending child and adolescent psychiatry OPD. Methods- Adolescents aged 13-16 years, who have attended child and adolescent Psychiatry OPD, of a tertiary care teaching hospital for psychiatric disorders, with a history of gaming and fulfilled criteria as per DSM-5 for IGD have been included. All the subjects have then assessed using semi-structured proforma, IGDS and K-SADS-PL.Results- In the study Sample of 46 Adolescents most common IGDS criteria was "Conflict" and least common criterion was "Tolerance". IGDS mean Score of "Conflict" was the highest while it was the least for "Displacement". "Escape “and "Deception" were significantly higher for females. "Displacement" significantly higher for Urban domicile and Online mode of gaming. "Persistence" was significantly higher for those who were gaming on personal devices and playing MMORPGs. Psychiatric disorders associated with IGD were ODD (46.66%), Dissociative disorder (24.44%), ADHD (17.77%) and Depressive disorder (11.11%). Phenomenology of IGD was comparable across all psychiatric comorbidities except subjects with dissociative disorders, who had significantly higher scores for "Escape" than ADHD and Depression. Also, subjects with ODD had significantly higher scores for "Displacement" than the subjects with Dissociative disorder in terms of IGDS scores. Conclusion: Significant differences in the severity of DSM-5-IGD symptoms criteria is found in terms of gender, domicile, gaming genre (MMORPGs), accessibility of smartphones, online/offline modes of gaming and the associated psychiatric comorbidity.
Introducing the magnetic properties in Fe doped ZnO nanoparticles for spintronics application
Authors: Roy Shradha , GHOSH MRITUNJOY PRASAD , Mukherjee Samrat 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Proper correlation among the microstructural, optical and magnetic responses of Fe doped ZnO nanoparticles have been established in this work. All the Fe doped ZnO nanoparticles (Zn1-xFexO: x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15) were prepared using chemical co-precipitation route. Average crystallites size of 18 nm to 28 nm was estimated using Scherrer’s formula. Compressive microstrain was detected in pristine ZnO samples, which moved toward tensile regime upon introducing Fe ions of different weight percentages. Mean crystallites size obtained from Scherrer’s formula was found in almost exact match with the particle size estimated from HRTEM images. Nearly spherical ZnO nanoparticles were seen in HRTEM images and negligible agglomeration among particles was also observed. Direct optical band gaps were found in the range of 2.89 eV to 3.24 eV as estimated from Tauc plots. A decent ferromagnetic signature in non-magnetic ZnO nanoparticles was also introduced at room temperature with the doping of Fe ions.
Investigation On Microstructure, Energy Gap, Photoluminescence and Magnetic Studies of Co and Cu in Situ Doped ZnO Nanostructures
Authors: Prabakar C. , kumaran muthu , Raja V. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Co (3%) doped ZnO and Co, Cu (Co = 3% and Cu = 2 to 4%) dual doped ZnO nanostructures have been prepared using chemical co-precipitation route. Structural analysis indicated that no alteration in hexagonal structure of ZnO and the absence of secondary / impurity phases were detected by Co/Cu addition into ZnO. The size reduction at Cu = 2% is due to the suppression of growth rate and the dissimilarities between Co2+/Cu2+ and Zn2+ and improved size at Cu = 4% is responsible for the more defect sites in Zn-O lattice. The constant c/a ratio (~ 1.602) signified that absence of structural modification by Co/Cu substitution. The modification in optical absorption, transmittance and energy gap of ZnO by Co/Cu addition was discussed by dopants and the stimulated defect states. The continuous widening of energy gap with Cu substitution is clarified using Burstein-Moss (BM) band filling effect through energy level diagram. The existence of Zn-O and Zn-Co/Cu-O bonding was verified by Fourier transform infra-red analysis. The elevated intensity ratio between green and ultra-violet photoluminescence (IG/IUV) at higher Cu concentrations revealed the occurrence of more defects particularly oxygen related defect states in Zn-Co-Cu-O lattice. The observed room temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) in Co, Cu doped ZnO nanostructures is discussed based on the oxygen vacancy mediated bound magnetic polarons (BMP) and the exchange coupling among the free electrons and local spin polarized electrons.
Machining Deformation Analysis of Aircraft Monolithic Components Based on the Energy Method
Authors: Huang Xiaoming , Liu Xiaoliang , Sun Weitao , Li Jiaxing , Chen Yongbin , Wei Dechen , Ding Guichu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the process of machining aircraft monolithic components, the initial stress in the blank will cause machining deformation. Based on the energy method, an analytical mathematical model of machining deformation is presented in this paper. The key point is to transform the energy in the removed material into the deformation energy of the part after machining. The initial residual stress of 7050-T7451 aluminum alloy blank and single frame part are used as investigated case in the analytical model. For layer by layer machining, the deformation evolution is closely related to the tensile or compressive properties of the initial stress of removed material. Combined with the change of neutral axis position, The machining deformation is calculated by theoretical model. Then, FEM simulation is carried out to analyze the influence of stiffening ribs on machining deformation utilizing the semi-analytical model of equivalent bending stiffness. Furthermore, experiments are set up to verify the validity of the theory and FEM data. The results indicate that the deformation results of the experiment are consistent with that of theory and FEM model. Deformation is determined by energy of removed material. This paper provides a novel theoretical approaches for the further investigation of this issue.
GWAS Of Pod Morphological and Color Characters in Common Bean
Authors: García-Fernández Carmen , Campa Ana , Garzón Alvaro Soler , Miklas Phil , Ferreira Juan Jose 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCommon bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important legume species which can be consumed as immature pods and dry seeds after re-hydration and cooking. Many genes and QTL, and epistatic interactions among them, condition pod morphological traits. However, not all them have been mapped or validated nor candidate genes proposed. We sought to investigate the genomic regions conditioning pod morphological and color characters through GWAS.ResultsSingle and multi-locus genome wide association analysis was used to investigate pod traits for a set of 301 bean lines of the Spanish Diversity Panel (SDP). The SDP was genotyped with 32,812 SNPs obtained from Genotyping by Sequencing. The panel was grown in two seasons and phenotypic data were recorded for 17 fresh pods traits grouped in four pod characters: pod length, pod cross-section, pod color, and number of seeds per pod. In all, 23 QTL for pod length, 6 for cross-section, 18 for pod color, 6 for number of seeds per pod and 9 associated to two or more pod characters were detected. Most QTL were located in the telomeric region of chromosomes Pv01, Pv02, Pv04, Pv08, Pv09 and Pv10. Eighteen detected QTL co-localized with previously reported QTL. Twenty-one candidate genes involving developmental processes were detected underlying 11 QTL for pod morphological characters, four of them homologous to A. thaliana genes FIS2, SPL10, TTG2 and AML4 affecting silique size. Eight candidate genes involved in pigment synthesis, were found underlying five QTL for pod color.ConclusionsGWAS for pod morphological and color characters in the bean Spanish Diversity Panel revealed 62 QTL, 18 co-localized with previously reported QTL, and 16 QTL were underlain by 25 candidate genes. Overall new QTL identified and existing QTL validated contribute to a better understanding of the complex inheritance of pod size and color traits in common bean.
An Adult Plant Stripe Rust Resistance Gene Maps on Chromosome 7A of Australian Wheat Cultivar Axe
Authors: Kanwal Mehwish , Qureshi Naeela , Gessese Mesfin , Forrest Kerrie , Babu Prashanth , Bariana Harbans , Bansal Urmil 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Australian wheat cultivar Axe produced resistant to moderately resistant stripe rust responses under field conditions and was exhibiting seedling response varying from 33C to 3+ under greenhouse conditions. Experiments covering tests at different growth stages (2nd, 3rd and 4th leaf stages) demonstrated the clear expression of resistance at the 4th leaf stage under controlled-environment greenhouse conditions. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was developed from the Axe/Nyabing-3 (Nyb) cross. Genetic analysis of Axe/Nyb RIL population in the greenhouse at the 4th leaf stage showed monogenic inheritance of stripe rust resistance. Selective genotyping using the iSelect 90K Infinium SNP genotyping array was performed and the resistance locus was mapped to long arm of chromosome 7A and named Yr75. The Axe/Nyb RIL population was genotyped using a targeted genotype-by-sequencing (tGBS) assay and the resistance-linked SNPs were converted into kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) markers. These markers were tested on the entire Axe/Nyb RIL population and markers sunKASP_430 and sunKASP_427 showed close association with Yr75 in Axe/Nyabing-3 RIL population. A high-resolution mapping family of 1032 F2 plants from the Axe/Nyb cross was developed and genotyped with sunKASP_430 and sunKASP_427 and these markers flanked Yr75 at 0.3 cM and 0.4 cM, respectively. These markers covers 1.24Mb of the physical map of Chinese Spring and can be used for future map-based cloning of this gene.
Tau Protein Preferentially Associates With Synaptic Mitochondria in a Mouse Model of Tauopathy
Authors: Trease Andrew J , George Joseph , Emanuel Katy , Fox Howard S , Stauch Kelly 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundA consequence of an aging society is a continual and dramatic increase in the number of patients suffering from tauopathies, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and certain frontotemporal dementias. Accumulation of intracellular inclusions of abnormal fibrillar forms and hyperphosphorylated forms of microtubule-associated protein tau are hallmarks of AD and other tauopathies. Although tau pathology is associated with neuronal dysfunction the mechanism responsible remains obscure. In vitro, pathologically elevated expression of tau alters mitochondrial distribution by impairing cellular trafficking and thus may represent an important mediator of mitochondrial abnormalities contributing to neuronal dysfunction. We used the transgenic htau mouse model of tauopathy to investigate in vivo alterations in brain mitochondria in the presence of pathological forms of human tau.MethodsIn this study, we investigated alterations in bioenergetics and profiled the proteome of brain mitochondria from wild-type (WT) and htau mice at ages prior to and coinciding with pathologic tau deposition in htau mice. In addition, we characterized the expression of total and hyperphosphorylated forms of tau associated with synaptic mitochondria by biochemical fractionation and immunoblotting.ResultsSignificant tau pathology-dependent alterations in synaptic mitochondrial bioenergetics were observed at 8 mo nths, but not 5 months, of agein htau mice; however, non-synaptic mitochondrial function remained unaltered. Further, compared to control mice, proteins involved in microtubule-based movement were differentially expressed in htau mice at 8 months of age. In addition, significant accumulation of tau and its hyperphosphorylated forms was observed in synaptic mitochondria isolated from 8-month-old htau mice.ConclusionThese data suggest that tau preferentially associates with synaptic mitochondria as compared to non-synaptic mitochondria, and accumulation of pathologic forms of tau coincides with synaptic mitochondrial bioenergetic changes reminiscent of an aged synaptic mitochondrial phenotype reported in aging WT mice. Furthermore, the mitochondrially associated tau is soluble in carbonate buffer and more accessible to protease action suggesting it is not integrated into mitochochondrial membranes, but may rather be the result of protein-protein interactions.
Enhancement and Investigation of Biodegradability of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) and Poly(vinyl chloride) by Blending with Cellulose Derivatives
Authors: Sudhakar Yethadka Narahari , Selvakumar Muthu , BHAT D KRISHNA 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Presently, society needs a more eco-friendly alternative for non-biodegradable polymers, nonetheless, the synthetic polymers have established the market because of cost and easy to manufacture. To address the challenge of reducing the lifetime of degradation of these polymers the scope of blending natural biopolymers is effective. This paper focuses on confirming the effectiveness of biodegradation in the molecular level of polymer blends between synthetic polymers and biopolymers. The synthetic polymers such as poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) were blended with varying compositions of biodegradable cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB). Using dimethylformamide (DMF) the films of PMMA/CAB, PVC/CAB blends were prepared by the solution casting method. Four different methods for studying biodegradability of these blends namely, soil burial test, enzymatic degradation, activated sludge degradation followed by microbial degradation was performed. The confirmation of degradation was done by NMR, FTIR and Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) studies. Moreover, degradation analyses were determined by weight loss method. Sufficient biodegradability was shown with an increase in CAB content in the blend. This work provides an approach for bringing about the degradation of synthetic polymers without much compromise on their properties. Also the type of microorganisms that effectively degrades these polymer bends can be known.
Solvothermal Synthesis of Weakly Crystalline Cobalt-Nickel Sulfide to Obtain High Pseudocapacitance
Authors: Zhang Nao , Zhu Ya-bo , Xie Tingting , Shi Chao , Xu Qian , Wang Guanglan , Feng Peizhong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a dual solvent system of glycerol and ethylene glycerol was used to prepare nickel cobalt sulfide with different crystallinity. It was found that the crystallinity and morphology of the product had an important effect on its electrochemical performance. Therefore, the synthesis time was chosen between 1 and 18 h to control the crystallinity. The best sample (GENCS-3) was prepared within 3hour, and had flower-like structures. Its electrochemical tests showed that it had good ion transmission efficiency and excellent specific capacitance (1816F/g at 1A/g, 1620F/g at 10 A/g). Especially, its retention rate could arrive at 89.5% after 1000 cycles under a current density of 5A/g. The weak crystalline nickel-cobalt sulfide is easy to form porous structure, which can significantly increase capacitance, also maintaining good rate performance.
Geopolymer Concrete: A Sustainable and Economic Concrete via Experimental Analysis
Authors: verma Manvendra , Dev Nirendra 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Geopolymer concrete is a sustainable, economical, eco-friendly, and high-strength concrete. The GPC utilizes industrial solid wastes like flyash and slag as binding material and is activated by the alkaline solution containing NaOH and Na2SiO3 in the design mix. The experimental investigation analyzes both GPC and OPC concrete's physical and mechanical properties for the same mix design and analyzes the concretes cost and sustainability. After the experimental investigation, the GPC and OPC concrete's compressive strength shows similar trends at the 28 days strength, but the initial three days strength of the GPC strength is much higher than the OPC concrete, but around 28 days, the compressive strength of concrete mix got similar. The splitting tensile strength and flexural strength of the GPC specimens are slightly higher than the OPC concrete mix specimens. The OPC concrete's elastic modulus is slightly higher than the GPC mix design, whereas the Poisson ratio of the OPC concrete is slightly lower than the GPC mix designs. The GPC has less embodied energy compared to the OPC concrete. The cost of the GPC at a bulk level reduced the cost of up to 40% of the OPC concrete.
Precise Event-level Prediction of Urban Crime Reveals Signature of Enforcement Bias
Authors: Rotaru Victor , Huang Yi , Li Timmy , Evans James , Chattopadhyay Ishanu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Policing efforts to thwart urban crime often rely on detailed reports of criminal infractions. However, crime rates do not document the distribution of crime in isolation, but rather its complex relationship with policing and society. Several results attempting to predict future crime now exist, with varying degrees of predictive efficacy. However, the very idea of predictive policing has stirred controversy, with the algorithms being largely black boxes producing little to no insight into the social system of crime, and its rules of organization. The issue of how enforcement interacts with, modulates, and reinforces crime has been rarely addressed in the context of precise event predictions. In this study, we demonstrate that predictive tools are not purely an instrument enhacing state power, but may be effectively used to seek out systemic biases in urban enforcement. We introduce a novel stochastic inference algorithm as a new forecasting approach that learns spatio-temporal dependencies from individual event reports with demonstrated performance far surpassing past results (e.g., average AUC of ~90% in the City of Chicago for property and violent crimes predicted a week in advance within spatial tiles ~1000ft across). These precise predictions enable equally precise evaluation of inequities in law enforcement, discovering that response to increased crime rates is biased by the socio-economic status of neighborhoods, draining policy resources to wealthy areas with disproportionately negative impacts for the inner city, as demonstrated in Chicago and six other major U.S. metropolitan areas. While the emergence of powerful predictive tools raise concerns regarding the unprecedented power they place in the hands of over-zealous states in the name of civilian protection, our approach demonstrates how sophisticated algorithms enable us to audit enforcement biases, and hold states accountable in ways previously inconceivable.
Indirect evaluation of the porosity of waste wood briquettes by measuring the surface roughness
Authors: Sova Daniela , Gurau Lidia , Porojan Mihaela , Florea Olivia , Sandu Venetia , Purcaru Monica 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The briquette porosity is a quality characteristic known to be important for combustion analysis, heat and mass transfer processes during combustion stages, determination of effective thermal conductivity or other related properties. This paper describes a method to quantify the briquette porosity by some surface roughness parameters that can be useful for alternative, inexpensive and at hand evaluations. Porosity of briquettes manufactured with a hydraulic press from waste wood from secondary processing was calculated with three methods suggested in the literature for wood; of these, one was adapted here for a wet porosity model (called “general relation”) proposed for wood briquettes. Briquettes density was obtained by using two stereometric methods and a liquid displacement method. Correlations were examined between porosity, surface roughness parameters and density of briquettes. Very strong correlations with surface roughness were identified for porosity calculated with all three methods, when density was measured by one of the stereometric methods. These correlations can serve as a method to indirect evaluation of the briquettes porosity by measuring the surface roughness.