bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature Trend Analysis and Extreme High Temperature Prediction Based on Weighted Markov Model in Lanzhou
Authors: Pang Zhiqiang , Wang Zhaoxu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, temporIn this study, temporal trend analysis was conducted on the annual and quarterly meteorological variables of Lanzhou from 1951 to 2016, and a weighted Markov model for extremely high-temperature prediction was constructed. Several non-parametric methods were used to analyze the time trend. Considering that sequence autocorrelation may affect the accuracy of the trend test, we performed an autocorrelation test and carried out trend analysis for sequences with autocorrelation after removing correlation. The results show that the maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and average temperature in Lanzhou have a significant rising trend and show different performances in each season. In detail, the maximum temperature in summer does not have a significant change trend, while the minimum temperature in winter is the most significant rising trend, which leads to more and more ”warm winter” phenomenon. Finally, we construct a weighted Markov prediction model for extremely high temperatures and obtain the conclusion that the prediction results by the model are consistent with the real situation. and show different performances in each season. In detail, the maximum temperature in summer does not have a significant change trend, while the minimum temperature in winter is the most significant rising trend, which leads to more and more ”warm winter” phenomenon. Finally, we construct a weighted Markov prediction model for extremely high temperatures and obtain the conclusion that the prediction results by the model are consistent with the real situation.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Combined With Hydrogen-rich Saline Protect Against Acute Lung Injury Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Rat Model
Authors: Chang Yintao , Zhang Zhenzhen , Bao Xiaochen , Wang Mingdong , Jin Yuxiang , Zhang Si'ang , Zhao Xuewei , Fang Yiqun , Xue Lei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: To investigate the effects of hydrogen-rich saline (HRS) combined with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on acute lung injury (ALI) and its clinical significance.Methods: 40 adult male Sprague-Dawlay rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: the sham, LPS, LPS + HBO, LPS + HRS and LPS + HBO + HRS. LPS at a rate of 3mg/kg was injected into the trachea of the experimental animals to develop ALI model, then the animals were respectively given simple HBO or HRS treatment or combined treatment. 3 days later, we study lung pathological, the levels of inflammatory factors , and cell apoptosis in the pulmonary tissue was detected by Tunel and cell apoptosis rate was calculated accordingly. Results: In the groups treated with HRS and HBO, pulmonary pathological data, wet-dry weight ratio and immflammatory factors in the pulmonary tissues and avelar lavage fluid were signficantly superiror to those of the sham group（P<0.05）. Cell apoptosis detection revealed that the simple treatment with HRS or HBO, or combined treatment with both, can all alleviate cell apoptosis, and the combined treatment with HRS and HBO was obviously superior to single treatment（P<0.05）.Conclusions: HRS and HBO could all decrease the release of immflammatory cytokines in lung tissue, reduce accumulation of oxidative products and alleviate apoptosis of pulmoanry cells, and could produce good therapeutic effects on ALI induced by LPS. HBO combined with HRS seems to have a synergistic effect on the decrease of cell apoptosis, and in the expression of immflammatory cytokines and the generation of related immflammatory products, the combined use of HBO and HRS showed a decreasing trend as compared with simple application.
qPCR Assays with Dual-Labeled Probes for Genotyping Honey bee Variants Associated with Varroa Resistance
Authors: Bouuaert David Claeys , Poucke Mario Van , Smet Lina De , Verbeke Wim , Graaf Dirk C. de , Peelman Luc 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The varroa mite is one of the main causes of honey bee mortality. An important mechanism by which honey bees increase their resistance against this mite is the expression of suppressed mite reproduction. This trait describes the physiological inability of mites to produce viable offspring and was found associated with eight genomic variants in previous research. Results: This paper presents the development and validation of high-throughput qPCR assays with dual-labeled probes for discriminating these eight single-nucleotide variants. Within the sequenced samples, additional variants were detected in the primer/probe binding sites in four out of the eight variants of interest. As for two of these the additional variants interfered with the genotyping outcome supplementary primers and/or probes were developed. Inclusion of these primers and probes in the assay mixes allowed for the correct genotyping of all eight variants of interest.Conclusion: These outcomes underline the importance of checking for interfering variants in designing qPCR assays. Ultimately, the availability of this assay allows genotyping for the suppressed mite reproduction trait and paves the way for marker assisted selection in breeding programs.
Glucose induced biofilm formation in Bacillus thuringiensis KPWP1 is associated with increased cell surface hydrophobicity and increased production of exopolymeric substances
Authors: Jha Sushmita , Bhadani Nirbhay , Kumar Abhinash , Sengupta Tapas Kumar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis are agriculturally and medically important bacteria as they produce insecticidal Cry proteins and can form biofilm on different plant surfaces. Previous studies reported that the ubiquitous carbon source glucose could induce restricted motility and fractal pattern formation in the growing colonies of pH, salt and arsenate tolerant Bacillus thuringiensis KPWP1. As bacteria are evolved with the ability to exhibit multicellular behaviour and biofilm formation under limiting conditions for survival, the present study was focused on exploring the effect of glucose in biofilm formation by Bacillus thuringiensis KPWP1. Significant rise in biofilm loads were observed with increased glucose concentrations in growth media. Compared to control, six times more biofilm load was marked in presence of 2% of glucose. Interestingly, it was observed that the effect was glucose specific and also not due to any change in sugar induced physicochemical property of the growth media as addition of galactose or arabinose could not induce any significant increase in KPWP1 biofilm load. Scanning electron-, confocal laser scanning-microscopic studies and biochemical tests revealed that increased concentrations of glucose could induce increased production of exopolymeric substances, increased number of densely-packed micro-colonies in KPWP1 biofilm and increased hydrophobicity and adherence properties in KPWP1cells.
High serum copeptin may be a marker of an increased carotid intima-media thickness in asymptomatic patients with type 1 diabetes.
Authors: Nattero-Chávez Lía , Martínez-García María Ángeles , Fernández-Durán Elena , López Sandra Redondo , Avendaño Beatriz Dorado , Escobar-Morreale Héctor , Luque-Ramírez Manuel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Copeptin is a stable peptide derived from cleavage of the precursor of arginine-vasopressin (AVP), [1,2] that can be easily measured by using a simple rapid assay. Copeptin has been related with an increased incidence of stroke and cardiovascular mortality in individuals with diabetes, mainly type 2 [3,4]. It is also a risk predictor for end-stage renal disease, coronary heart disease, and all-cause mortality in people with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) [5]. However, we have recently reported that copeptin does not appear to be a reliable marker for the screening of asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease in a population of patients with T1DM [6]. We here explore the putative relationships between serum copeptin level and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in asymptomatic T1DM-patients comprehensively investigated for subclinical carotid atherosclerosis.
Plants Are the Drivers of Geographic Variation of Floral Scents in a Highly Specialized Pollination Mutualism: a Study of Ficus Hirta in China
Authors: Xiaoxia Deng , Bruno Buatois , Yan-Qiong Peng , Yu Hui , Yufen Cheng , Finn Kjellberg , Magali Proffit 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundFloral volatiles play an important role in pollinator attraction. This is particularly true in obligate brood site pollination mutualisms. The plants generally produce inconspicuous flowers and depend on odours to attract to their inflorescences specialised pollinators that breed in their floral structures. Little is known about the processes shaping the micro-evolution of these floral odours. Here, we investigate geographic variation of floral odour in an obligate host-specific brood site pollination mutualism where plant and pollinator genetic structures are different, Ficus hirta and its specialised pollinators.ResultsWe evidence progressive geographic divergence of floral odours. The pattern of variation fits plant genetic structure but differs from pollinating insect structuring into species and populations. In our study system, the evolution of receptive floral odour presents a pattern that is not distinguishable from neutral drift that is not canalised by the insects.ConclusionWe propose that this pattern characterises obligate brood site pollination mutualisms in which pollinators are host specific and dispersal is limited. Insects with their short generation times and large population sizes track variation in host receptive inflorescence odours. Plants are the drivers and insects the followers. Strict sense plant-insect co-evolution is not involved. In contrast, stabilizing selection may be at work in more dispersive brood site pollination mutualisms, while pollinators may mediate local interspecific plant floral odour convergence when plant species share local pollinators.
Evolution of hes Gene Family in Vertebrates: hes5 Cluster Genes Were Specifically Increased in Xenopus
Authors: Kuretani Aya , Yamamoto Takayoshi , Taira Masanori , Michiue Tatsuo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background hes genes are chordate homologs of Drosophila genes, hairy and enhancer of split, which encode a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcriptional repressor with a WRPW motif. Various developmental functions of hes genes, including early embryogenesis and neurogenesis, have been elucidated in vertebrates. However, their orthologous relationships remain unclear partly because of less conservation of relatively short amino acid sequences, less conserved synteny, and species-specific gene duplication. This results in complicated gene names in vertebrates, which are not consistent in orthologs. In a previous study, we revealed that Xenopus frogs have two clusters of hes5, named “the hes5.1 cluster” and “the hes5.3 cluster.” The origin has not yet been revealed. Results Here, we elucidated the orthologous and paralogous relationships of all hes genes of human, mouse, chicken, gecko, zebrafish, medaka, coelacanth, spotted gar, elephant shark, and Xenopus frogs (X. tropicalis and X. laevis) by phylogenic and synteny analysis. Any clusters of hes5 were not found in amniotes, whereas duplicated hes5 clusters in teleost were found although not as many genes as Xenopus. In addition, hes5 cluster-like structure was found in the elephant shark genome, but not found in cyclostomata. Conclusion These data suggest that the hes5 cluster existed in the gnathostome ancestor, but was lost in amniotes.
First draft genome of loach (Orenectus shuilongensis; Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae) provide insights into the evolution of cavefish
Authors: Liu Zhijin , Qian Xuekun , Wang Ziming , Wen Huamei , Han Ling , Zhou Jiang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BcakgroundLoaches of the superfamily Cobitoidea (Cypriniformes, Nemacheilidae) are small elongated bottom-dwelling freshwater fishes with several barbels near the mouth. The genus Oreonectes with 18 currently recognized species contains representatives for all three key stages of the evolutionary process (a surface-dwelling lifestyle, facultative cave persistence, and permanent cave dwelling). Some Oreonectes species show typical cave dwelling-related traits, such as partial or complete leucism and regression of the eyes, rendering them as suitable study objects of micro-evolution. Genome information of Oreonectes species is therefore an indispensable resource for research into the evolution of cavefishes.ResultsHere we assembled the genome sequence of O. shuilongensis, a surface-dwelling species, using an integrated approach that combined PacBio single-molecule real-time sequencing and Illumina X-ten paired-end sequencing. Based on in total 50.9 Gb of sequencing data, our genome assembly from Canu and Pilon spans approximately 515.64 Mb (estimated coverage of 100 ×), containing 803 contigs with N50 values of 5.58 Mb. 25,247 protein-coding genes were predicted, of which 95.65% have been functionally annotated. We also performed genome re-sequencing of three additional cave-dwelling Oreonectes fishes. Twenty-nine pseudogenes annotated using DAVID showed significant enrichment for the GO terms of “eye development” and “retina development in camera-type eye”. It is presumed that these pseudogenes might lead to eye degeneration of semi/complete cave-dwelling Oreonectes species. Furthermore, Mc1r (melanocortin-1 receptor) is a pseudogenization by a deletion in O. daqikongensis, likely blocking biosynthesis of melanin and leading to the albino phenotype.ConclusionsWe here report the first draft genome assembly of Oreonectes fishes, which is also the first genome reference for Cobitidea fishes. Pseudogenization of genes related to body color and eye development may be responsible for loss of pigmentation and vision deterioration in cave-dwelling species. This genome assembly will contribute to the study of the evolution and adaptation of fishes within Oreonectes and beyond (Cobitidea).
Spectrum Sensing Techniques Based on Last Status Change Point Estimation for Dynamic Primary User in Additive Laplacian Noise
Authors: Sinha Khushboo , Trivedi Yogesh N. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A real time scenario of dynamic primary user (PU) is considered in additive Laplacian noise. Two transitions or status changes of PU in the fixed sensing time are considered. The last status change point (LSCP) is estimated with maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) by using dynamic programming. We consider Cumulative Sum (CuSum) based weighted samples for detection. We consider three detection schemes such as sample mean detector, energy detection (ED) and improved absolute value cumulation detection (i-AVCD). We derive closed form expressions of detection probability (P D ) and false alarm probability (P F ) for all the three schemes. We present our results with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) for the considered schemes. We also present simulation results, which are closely matching with their analytical counterparts. We compare the ROC of the considered system with the ROC of conventional techniques. In the conventional techniques, all the samples in the sensing time are used for detection without LSCP estimation and weight. It is found that the considered system outperforms the conventional schemes.
A new approach for predicting the future position of a moving object: Hurricanes case study
Authors: oueslati wided , tahri sonia , limam hela , akaichi jalel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, huge amounts of tracking data related to moving objects are being generated and collected in suitable repositories thanks to GPS devices, RFIDsensors, satellites and wireless communication technologies. Tracked moving objects could be pedestrians, cars, vessels, planes, animals, natural disasters. Those letters generate trajectory data that contain a great deal of knowledge. For this reason, these trajectory data sets need an urgent and an effective analysis process and constitute a rich source for inferring mobility patterns. Predicting the future position of a given moving object is one of the important tasks we can find in the knowledge discovery process. In fact, being able to predict a moving object’s future position related to natural phenomena, would allow decision makers to take strategic decisions in order to help the humanity, and prevent or avoid the propagation of natural catastrophes. The aim of this paper is to propose a new approach to predict the future position of a moving object, especially a moving region based on mobility patterns. To achieve this aim, we experiment our approach on a real case study related to hurricanes as moving regions. The proposed approach is composed of three phases. The first phase allows generating object mobility patterns. In the second phase, spatio-tempoal mobility rules are extracted from the generated patterns. In the third and last phase, hurricane future position prediction is accomplished by using the extracted rules.
Regional Variations and the Risk Factors Among Teenager Childbearing in Ethiopia an Evidences From Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey, 2016
Authors: Liga Abebe Debu , Boyamo Adane Erango , Jabir Yasin Negash , Wobse Belete Adelo , Menuta Yohannes Haile 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Childbearing is a teenage girl usually within the ages of 13-19, becoming fertile. Teenage childbearing and the consequences associated with it remain a major concern worldwide. In Sub-Saharan African countries like Ethiopia, teenage childbearing rates have high compared to the rest of the world. The study assessed risk-factors and regional-variations among teenage childbearing in Ethiopia.Method: The data were obtained from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. A two-stage cluster sampling design was applied to select the sample. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to assess' the risk-factors and regional-variation among teenage childbearing in Ethiopia.Results: In this study, 3498 teenagers from nine regional states and two administrative cities in Ethiopia were included. Over 10% of teenagers have been born children at the time of data collection. Shortage of education, poor-wealth index, knowing ovulatory cycle, non-usage of contraceptive-method, and non-exposure to media found to be determinants of teenager childbearing in Ethiopia. Conclusions: The incidence of teenage childbearing is high in Ethiopia then the concerned bodies provide awareness to the society on the risk of early pregnancy, encourage education, expand mass media and give special attention to poor and middle-income teenagers.
Complete nucleotide sequence of a novle botourmiavirus from the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae isolate SH05
Authors: Deng Qingchao , Zhou Xuan , Shuai Simnin , Zheng Hong , Ding Hang , An Hongliu , Miao Shuyue , Fang Shouguo , Zhang Songbai 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A novel mycovirus, proposed name Magnaporthe oryzae botourmiavirus 9 (MoBV9), was described in the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae isolate SH05. The virus has a positive single-stranded (+) ss RNA genome of 2,812 nucleotides and contains a single open reading frame predicted to encode an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase closely related to some unclassified viruses of the family Botourmiaviridae, such as Plasmopara viticola lesion associated ourmia-like virus 44, Plasmopara viticola lesion associated ourmia-like virus 47and Cladosporium uredinicola ourmiavirus 1. Genome comparison and phylogenetic analysis supported the notion that MoBV9 is a new member of the family Botourmiaviridae.
Emotion dysregulation and functional brain network topology in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Viering Tammo , Hoekstra Pieter J. Pieter J. , Philipsen Alexandra , Naaijen Jilly , Dietrich Andrea , Hartman Catharina A. , Buitelaar Jan K. , Hildebrandt Andrea , Gießing Carsten , Thiel Christiane M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Emotion dysregulation is common in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It is highly prevalent in adult ADHD and related to reduced well-being and social impairments. Neuroimaging studies reported neural activity changes in ADHD in brain regions associated with emotion processing and regulation. It is however unknown whether deficit in emotion regulation relate to changes in functional brain network topology in these regions. We used a combination of graph analysis and structural equation modelling (SEM) to analyze resting-state functional connectivity in 147 well-characterized young adults with ADHD and age-matched healthy controls from the NeuroMAGE database. Emotion dysregulation was gauged with four scales obtained from questionnaires and operationalized through a latent variable derived from SEM. Graph analysis was applied to resting-state data and network topology measures were entered into SEM models to identify brain regions whose local network integration and connectedness differed between subjects and predicted emotion dysregulation. The latent variable of emotion dysregulation was characterized by scales gauging emotional distress, emotional symptoms, conduct symptoms, and emotional lability. In individuals with ADHD characterized by prominent hyperactivity-impulsivity, the latent emotion dysregulation variable was related to an increased clustering and local efficiency of the right insula. Thus, in the presence of hyperactivity-impulsivity, clustered network formation of the right insula may underpin emotion dysregulation in adult ADHD.
Photodissociation of CF3CHO provides a new source of CHF3 (HFC-23) in the atmosphere: implications for new refrigerants.
Authors: Hansen Christopher , Campbell Jyoti , Kable Scott 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Throughout the last century, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) were the most widely used refrigerants. However, it was discovered that they released reactive chlorine in the upper atmosphere causing the hole in the ozone layer and they were phased out by the 1987 Montreal Protocol [1]. They were replaced by hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which contain no chlorine and do not damage the ozone layer. However, HFCs are potent greenhouse gases and they were phased out in a 2016 amendment to the Montreal Protocol [2]. The latest evolution of these refrigerants is the hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs). These molecules have no chlorine and incorporate a carbon-carbon double bond to greatly reduce their atmospheric lifetime, and hence their contribution as a greenhouse gas. In this work, we demonstrate that one of the most important HFOs in current use ultimately decomposes partially into HFC-23 (CHF3) in the atmosphere. HFC-23 is one of the most potent greenhouse gases known, and the most potent HFC. Despite its phaseout, the observed emissions of HFC-23 have been increasing recently and were the largest in history in 2018 with no conclusive explanation [3]. This work suggests that the production of HFOs might be partially responsible.