bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biotic signals associated with benthic impacts of salmon farms from eDNA metabarcoding of sediments
Authors: He Xiaoping , Gilmore Scott R. , Sutherland Terri F. , Hajibabaei Mehrdad , Miller Kristina M. , Westfall Kristen M. , Pawlowski Jan , Abbott Cathryn L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding can rapidly characterize the composition and diversity of benthic communities, thus it has high potential utility for routine assessments of benthic impacts of marine finfish farming. In this study, 126 sediment grab samples from 42 stations were collected at six salmon farms in British Columbia, Canada. Benthic community changes were assessed by both eDNA metabarcoding of metazoans and macrofaunal polychaete surveys. The latter was done by analysing 11,466 individuals using a combination of morphology‐based taxonomy and DNA barcoding. Study objectives were to: (i) compare biotic signals associated with benthic impacts of salmon farming in the two data sources, and (ii) identify potential eDNA indicators to facilitate monitoring in Canada. Alpha diversity parameters were consistently reduced near fish cage edge and negatively correlated with pore‐water sulphide concentration, with coefficients ranging from −0.62 to −0.48. Although Polychaeta are a common indicator group, the negative correlation with pore‐water sulphide concentration was much stronger for Nematoda OTU richness (correlation coefficient: −0.86) than for Polychaeta (correlation coefficient: −0.38). Presence/absence of Capitella generally agreed well between the two methods despite that they differed in the volume of sediments sampled and the molecular marker used. Multiple approaches were used to identify OTUs related to organic enrichment statuses. We demonstrate that eDNA metabarcoding generates biotic signals that could be leveraged for environmental assessment of benthic impacts of fish farms in multiple ways: both alpha diversity and Nematoda OTU richness could be used to assess the spatial extent of impact, and OTUs related to organic enrichment could be used to develop local biotic indices.
Precontoured Locking Compression Plate with Titanium Alloy Cable System: In Treatment of Neer Type IIb Distal Clavicle Fracture
Authors: Xie Zheng , Song Mengxiong , Zhou Jun , Yin Gang , Lin Haodong 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveTo describe a new method which involves anatomical distal clavicle plate fixation and titanium alloy cable system‐augmented coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction to manage Neer type IIb distal clavicle fracture.MethodsBetween January 2013 and June 2018, 28 patients with acute Neer type IIb lateral clavicle fracture were treated by a new method – precontoured locking compressive distal clavicular plate fixation of the fracture combined with titanium alloy cable system‐augmented reconstruction of the coracoclavicular ligament. There were 11 females and 17 males treated in this way. There were 15 cases of the right side and 13 of the left. The mean age of the patients was 48.5 years (range, 18–78 years). The mean time from injury to surgery was 3.9 days (range, 1–7 days). After completing the preoperative examinations and evaluations, surgeries were performed for all these patients, anatomical distal clavicle plates were used for fractures, and titanium alloy cables were implanted for the augmented reconstruction of coracoclavicular ligaments. Postoperative protocols, including arm sling management and rehabilitative activities, were unified and recommended to all the patients. These patients were followed up for at least 1 year. The mean duration of postoperative follow‐up was 23.3 months (range, 12–52 months). At the last follow‐up, the coracoclavicular distances were recorded and shoulder functional outcomes were assessed by the Constant scores and the Fudan University Shoulder Scores (FUSSs) questionnaires.ResultsRadiographic bony unions were achieved in all patients within 20 weeks. Functional and radiographic outcomes were retrospectively evaluated. The mean coracoclavicular distance was 9.61 ± 0.61 mm on the injured side vs 9.62 ± 0.57 mm on the contralateral uninjured side. The mean Constant score and mean FUSS were 90.1 ± 6.6 (range, 68–98) and 86.1 ± 7.2 (range, 64–95) respectively, which indicating good restoration of function and high level of satisfaction for both the patients and their physical therapists. There were a few major complications, including one delayed healing of the skin, one severe shoulder stiffness, three incidences of moderate shoulder stiffness, and five incidences of symptomatic hardware. There is no deep infections, neurovascular injuried, delayed union or nonunion, peri‐implant fracture, loss of reduction, implant malposition or failure, or other severe complications.ConclusionThis combined method for the treatment of Neer type IIb distal clavicle fracture could yield high bony union rate, good functional outcome, and low complication rate. Further prospective randomized controlled studies are needed to confirm the benefits of this method of treatment.
Fingernail onychomycosis caused by Microsporum canis in a teenager
Authors: Limphoka Pichaya , Bunyaratavej Sumanas , Leeyaphan Charussri 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA healthy 15‐year‐old girl presented with a total dystrophic nail plate and subungual hyperkeratosis over her left 3rd fingernail. Her 2‐year‐old shorthair cat had circular erythematous patches of alopecia on the left aspect of its forehead. Fungal culture from the affected nail and her cat both grew Microsporum canis. The girl was treated with terbinafine with clinical and mycological cure.
Cost‐effectiveness of implantable ventricular assist devices in older children with stable, inotrope‐dependent dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Avanceña Anton L. V. , Hutton David W. , Lee Josie , Schumacher Kurt R. , Si Ming‐Sing , Peng David M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn a stable, inotrope‐dependent pediatric patient with dilated cardiomyopathy, we evaluated the cost‐effectiveness of continuous‐flow VAD implantation compared to a watchful waiting approach using chronic inotropic therapy.MethodsWe used a state‐transition model to estimate the costs and outcomes of 14‐year‐old (INTERMACS profile 3) patients receiving either VAD or watchful waiting. We measured benefits in terms of lifetime QALYs gained. Model inputs were taken from the literature. We calculated the ICER, or the cost per additional QALY gained, of VADs and performed multiple sensitivity analyses to test how our assumptions influenced the results.ResultsCompared to watchful waiting, VADs produce 0.97 more QALYs for an additional $156 639, leading to an ICER of $162 123 per QALY gained from a healthcare perspective. VADs have 17% chance of being cost‐effective given a cost‐effectiveness threshold of $100 000 per QALY gained. Sensitivity analyses suggest that VADs can be cost‐effective if the costs of implantation decrease or if hospitalization costs or mortality among watchful waiting patients is higher.ConclusionsAs a bridge to transplant, VADs provide a health benefit to children who develop stable, inotrope‐dependent heart failure, but immediate implantation is not yet a cost‐effective strategy compared to watchful waiting based on commonly used cost‐effectiveness thresholds. Early VAD support can be cost‐effective in sicker patients and if device implantation is cheaper. In complex conditions such as pediatric heart failure, cost‐effectiveness should be just one of many factors that inform clinical decision‐making.
Effects of short‐term aerobic training versus CPAP therapy on heart rate variability in moderate to severe OSA patients
Authors: Cipriano Luis Henrique Ceia , Borges Ytalo Gonçalves , Mill José Geraldo , Mauad Helder , Martins de Araújo Maria Teresa , Gouvea Sonia Alves 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe compared the effects of 2‐month CPAP or exercise training (ET) therapies on the autonomic balance in moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) through heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. Thirty‐nine OSA patients were divided into CPAP (n = 18) and ET (n = 21) groups, being further split into hypertensive and non‐hypertensive subgroups. All patients were submitted to continuous ECG recordings for HRV analysis. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded by oscillometry. Excessive daytime sleepiness and sleep quality were assessed through the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the Pittsburgh questionnaire, respectively. ET decreased systolic arterial pressure in hypertensive and non‐hypertensive participants when compared to baseline values, whereas diastolic arterial pressure was decreased only in non‐hypertensive ones. CPAP had no effect over hemodynamic parameters in either subgroup. ET significantly increased the HRV parameters SDNN and pNN50 in non‐hypertensive participants, while reducing the LF/HF ratio in both subgroups. CPAP significantly decreased SDNN in both subgroups. ET significantly decreased excessive daytime sleepiness in both subgroups, but did not affect sleep quality. CPAP significantly improved sleep quality in both subgroups, although global scores were still those of poor sleepers, while excessive daytime sleepiness was normalized only in hypertensive patients. In conclusion, while short‐term ET modulated different HRV parameters, leading to a predominant vagal tone in the cardiac sympathovagal balance and decreasing blood pressure in moderate to severe OSA, short‐term CPAP had next to no effect in these parameters. We believe ET should be considered as an adjunct interventional strategy in the conservative management of hypertensive or non‐hypertensive OSA patients.
Moral disagreement scepticism leveled
Authors: Dixon Jonathan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhile many have argued that moral disagreement poses a challenge to moral knowledge, the precise nature of this challenge is controversial. Indeed, in the moral epistemology literature, there are many different versions of ‘the’ argument from moral disagreement to moral scepticism. This paper contributes to this vast literature on moral disagreement by arguing for two theses: 1. All (or nearly all) moral disagreement arguments share an underlying structure; and, 2. All moral disagreement arguments that satisfy this underlying structure cannot establish moral scepticism because this underlying structure leads to a previously unrecognizedreductio ad absurdum. In short, I argue that this reductio argument (very likely) refutes all versions of the moral disagreement to moral scepticism argument in one fell swoop.
Multiscale Null Hypothesis Testing for Network-valued Data: Analysis of Brain Networks of Patients with Autism
Authors: Lovato Ilenia , Pini Alessia , Stamm Aymeric , Taquet Maxime , Vantini Simone 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Networks are a natural way of representing the human brain for studying its structure and function and, as such, have been extensively used. In this framework, case–control studies for understanding autism pertain to comparing samples of healthy and autistic brain networks. In order to understand the biological mechanisms involved in the pathology, it is key to localize the differences on the brain network. Motivated by this question, we hereby propose a general non-parametric finite-sample exact statistical framework that allows to test for differences in connectivity within and between prespecified areas inside the brain network, with strong control of the family-wise error rate. We demonstrate unprecedented ability to differentiate children with non-syndromic autism from children with both autism and tuberous sclerosis complex using electroencephalography data. The implementation of the method is available in the R package nevada.
Long-term Trend Analysis of Extreme Coastal Sea Levels with Changepoint Detection
Authors: Lee Mintaek , Lee Jaechoul 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Sea level rise can bring disastrous outcomes to people living in coastal regions by increasing flood risk or inducing stronger storm surges. We study long-term linear trends in monthly maximum sea levels by applying extreme value methods. The monthly maximum sea levels are extracted from multiple tide gauges around the coastal regions of the world over a period of as long as 169 years. Due to instrument changes, location changes, earthquakes, land reclamation, dredging, etc., the sea level data could contain inhomogeneous shifts in their means, which can substantially impact trend estimates if ignored. To rigorously quantify the long-term linear trends and return levels for the monthly maximum sea level data, we use a genetic algorithm to estimate the number and times of changepoints in the data. As strong periodicity and temporal correlation are pertinent to the data, bootstrap techniques are used to obtain more realistic confidence intervals to the estimated trends and return levels. We find that the consideration of changepoints changed the estimated linear trends of 89 tide gauges (approximately 30% of tide gauges considered) by more than 20cmcentury-1. Our results are summarized in maps with estimated extreme sea level trends and 50-year return levels.
An increase in CD62Ldim neutrophils precedes the development of pulmonary embolisms in COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Spijkerman Roy , Jorritsma Nikita K. N. , Bongers Suzanne H. , Bindels Bas J. J. , Jukema Bernard N. , Hesselink Lillian , Hietbrink Falco , Leenen Luke P. H. , van Goor Harriët M. R. , Vrisekoop Nienke , Kaasjager Karin A. H. , Koenderman Leo ,   the COVPACH study group
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesA high incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE) is reported in patients with critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Neutrophils may contribute to this through a process referred to as immunothrombosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of neutrophil subpopulations in blood preceding the development of COVID‐19 associated PE.MethodsWe studied COVID‐19 patients admitted to the ICU of our tertiary hospital between 19‐03‐2020 and 17‐05‐2020. Point‐of‐care fully automated flow cytometry was performed prior to ICU admission, measuring the neutrophil activation/maturation markers CD10, CD11b, CD16 and CD62L. Neutrophil receptor expression was compared between patients who did or did not develop PE (as diagnosed on CT angiography) during or after their ICU stay.ResultsAmong 25 eligible ICU patients, 22 subjects were included for analysis, of whom nine developed PE. The median (IQR) time between neutrophil phenotyping and PE occurrence was 9 (7‐12) days. A significant increase in the immune‐suppressive neutrophil phenotype CD16bright/CD62Ldim was observed on the day of ICU admission (P = 0.014) in patients developing PE compared to patients who did not.ConclusionThe increase in this neutrophil phenotype indicates that the increased number of CD16bright/CD62Ldim neutrophils might be used as prognostic marker to predict those patients that will develop PE in critical COVID‐19 patients.
Explaining the Reversed Gender Gap in Political Consumerism: Personality Traits as Significant Mediators
Authors: Gundelach Birte , Kalte Deborah 
Published: January 2021

AbstractResearch on political consumerism documents a persistent reversed gender gap, as women boycott and buycott products more often than men. Previous efforts to explain the reversed gender gap rely on classical theoretical models developed to illuminate gender differences in political participation in general. Accounting for socio‐economic and situational factors as well as socialization leaves a significant amount of the reversed gender gap unexplained, though. Adhering to recent empirical evidence of personality as an important factor influencing political behavior, we argue that gender differences in personality traits could provide an alternative explanation to account for gender disparities in political consumerism. We use original survey data specially designed to measure political consumerism in Switzerland, which also include the Big Five model of personality. We find empirical evidence that gender differences in personality traits, in particular agreeableness, explain a significant portion of the reversed gender gap in political consumerism.
Long‐term manure application for crop yield stability and carbon sequestration in subtropical region
Authors: Wankhede Madhuri , Dakhli Raja , Manna Madhab Chandra , Sirothia Pawan , Mahmudur Rahman Mohammad , Ghosh Avijit , Bhattacharyya Pratap , Singh Muneshwar , Jha Shankar , Patra Ashok Kumar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractYield stability and carbon sequestration of agricultural systems are impacted by nutrient management strategies. Major objectives of this study were to understand the effects of long‐term (43 years) manure application on a) environmental parameters such as soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration, enzyme activities in surface and subsurface layers, and b) yield, and yield stability under a soybean–wheat cropping system in a Vertisol. For this, 100% recommended dose of nitrogen (N), N and phosphorus (NP), N, P and potassium (NPK), NPK + farmyard manure (NPKM) was compared with an unfertilized control (UC) and a fallow land. After 43 years, NPKM and NPK plots had ∼63 and 30% higher total SOC stock than UC, and 45 and 17% higher total SOC stock than fallow plots, respectively in the 0–30 cm layer. Acid hydrolysable C was ~ 42 and 57% higher for NPKM plots in those layers respectively than fallow land. The proportion of macroaggregates was less than 30% in both soil layers of cultivated plots. NPKM had 44 and 28% greater humic and fulvic acid‐associated C than fallow land in top layer. Enzyme activities improved in NPKM by ~ 60 and 61% as compared with fallow land. A steady decline in soybean productivity over the years might be due to residue effect. However, wheat yield increased steadily with manuring. Higher SOC accumulation (p < .001), greater enzyme activities (p < .05), improved structure (p < .05) could enhance wheat yield under NPKM. Thus, manure application could lead to yield stability and enhance SOC sequestration in subtropical region simultaneously.
Efficient Cas9 multiplex editing using unspaced sgRNA arrays engineering in a Potato virus X vector
Authors: Uranga Mireia , Aragonés Verónica , Selma Sara , Vázquez‐Vilar Marta , Orzáez Diego , Daròs José‐Antonio 
Published: January 2021

SUMMARYSystems based on the clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) and CRISPR‐associated proteins (Cas) have revolutionized genome editing in many organisms, including plants. Most CRISPR‐Cas strategies in plants rely on genetic transformation using Agrobacterium tumefaciens to supply the gene editing reagents, such as Cas nucleases or the synthetic guide RNA (sgRNA). While Cas nucleases are constant elements in editing approaches, sgRNAs are target‐specific and a screening process is usually required to identify those most effective. Plant virus‐derived vectors are an alternative for the fast and efficient delivery of sgRNAs into adult plants, due to the virus capacity for genome amplification and systemic movement, a strategy known as virus‐induced genome editing. We engineered Potato virus X (PVX) to build a vector that easily expresses multiple sgRNAs in adult solanaceous plants. Using the PVX‐based vector, Nicotiana benthamiana genes were efficiently targeted, producing nearly 80% indels in a transformed line that constitutively expresses Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9. Interestingly, results showed that the PVX vector allows expression of arrays of unspaced sgRNAs, achieving highly efficient multiplex editing in a few days in adult plant tissues. Moreover, virus‐free edited progeny can be obtained from plants regenerated from infected tissues or infected plant seeds, which exhibit a high rate of heritable biallelic mutations. In conclusion, this new PVX vector allows easy, fast and efficient expression of sgRNA arrays for multiplex CRISPR‐Cas genome editing and will be a useful tool for functional gene analysis and precision breeding across diverse plant species, particularly in Solanaceae crops.
Quality of evidence‐based guidelines for platelet transfusion and use: A systematic review
Authors: Al‐Riyami Arwa Z. , Jug Rachel , La Rocca Ursula , Keshavarz Homa , Landry Denise , Shehata Nadine , Stanworth Simon J. , Nahirniak Susan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundGuidelines for platelet (PLT) transfusion are an important source of information for clinicians. Although guidelines intend to increase consistency and quality of care, variation in methodology and recommendations may exist that could impact the value of a guideline. We aimed to determine the quality of existing PLT transfusion guidelines using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) instrument and to describe the inconsistencies in recommendations.Study Design and MethodsA systematic search was undertaken for evidence‐based guidelines from January 1, 2013, to January 25, 2019. Citations were reviewed in duplicate for inclusion and descriptive data extracted. Four physicians appraised the guideline using the AGREE II instrument and the scaled score for each item evaluated was calculated. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO.ResultsOf 6744 citations, 6740 records were screened. Seven of 28 full‐text studies met the inclusion criteria. The median scaled score (and the interquartile range of the scaled score) for the following items were as follows: scope and purpose, 94% (8%); stakeholder involvement, 63% (18%); rigor of development, 83% (14%); clarity of presentation, 94% (6%); applicability, 58% (20%); and editorial independence, 77% (4%). Overall quality ranged from 4 to 7 (7 is the maximum score). Inconsistent recommendations were on prophylactic PLT transfusion in hypoproliferative thrombocytopenia in the presence of risk factors and dose recommendations.ConclusionInconsistencies between guidelines and variable quality highlight areas for future guideline writers to address. Areas of specific attention include issues of stakeholder involvement and applicability.
Heat Transfer Advancement From Horizontal Cylinder Using Passive Shroud−Chimney Configuration: Experimental and Numerical Analysis
Authors: Kahwaji Ghalib Y. , Ali Mohanad T. , Samaha Mohamed A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In a prior study, the novel shroud−chimney configuration (SCC) (semicircular shrouds and expended chimney) has been numerically demonstrated to passively augment natural convection heat transfer from a horizontal cylinder. However, to implement such a configuration for practical utilizations, the heat flow properties must be experimentally observed and understood. In this work, a controlled experiment is carried out to validate the impact of SCC on heat transfer from a horizontal cylinder subjected to a constant measured heat flux at its inner surface. Circumferential temperature measurements at the cylinder surface, shrouds, and ambient are achieved using thermocouples. The emissivity of the cylinder is measured and utilized to estimate radiation heat loss from the cylinder surface. All presented cases are numerically simulated for validation. The measured and numerically predicted cylinder surface temperatures are within 2% agreement. Moreover, the experimentally and numerically estimated Nusselt numbers agree to within 4%, which verifies the developed correlations for enhanced convection. Finally, a parametric study is presented to show the optimum range of design parameters for the best SCC performance. A newly defined term “effective flow rate” is quantified and correlated to the optimum location of the shroud relative to the cylinder. Several SCC design correlations resulted from the analysis.