bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A latent profile analysis of the EPSI: Mapping anxiety, distress tolerance, and anxiety sensitivity with disordered eating symptomatology among university students
Authors: Claydon Elizabeth , Ward Rose Marie , Geyer Rachel , Weekley Donovan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Disordered eating (DE) is associated with a plethora of psychosocial risk factors, including anxiety and substance use disorders. The Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory (EPSI) is a validated questionnaire to assess DE. There are no latent profile analyses (LPA) of the EPSI that also examines these profiles with regards to important psychosocial risk factors. The purpose of this study was to fill that gap by connecting latent profiles of the EPSI subscales with anxiety, distress tolerance (DT), anxiety sensitivity (AS), and alcohol use (AU).
METHODS: The sample comprised of 1,362 college students from a midwestern university who participated in an online health survey. The EPSI scale profiles were identified using LPA with robust maximum likelihood estimation, and ANOVAs were run to determine if the classes differed across anxiety, AS, DT, and AU.
RESULTS: A four-class solution was found to be optimal (entropy>.96). Class 1 (49.4%) had the lowest levels of DE and alcohol problems; Class 2 (10.6%) had the highest scores for excessive exercise and along with Class 4, the highest beliefs on alcohol centrality; Class 3 (31.4%) comprised of participants who endorsed body dissatisfaction, restriction, and moderately high anxiety; and Class 4 (8.1%) had the highest EPSI scores across all subscales, as well as the highest levels of anxiety and problems with alcohol.
CONCLUSIONS: Several latent profiles were found for the EPSI subscales and Class 4 represented the most problematic levels. Identifying this subgroup of college students may help develop interventions and treatment to address these interrelated behaviors.
Antifungal activity of mycogenic selenium nanoparticles conjugated with fungal nano chitosan against three important phytopathogenic fungi
Authors: Gharieb Mohamed M. , Omara Mohamed S. , Soliman Azza. M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The management of phytopathogenic fungal diseases in an ecofriendly way is an important agricultural challenge. This study evaluates the antifungal activity of mycogenic selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), chitosan nanoparticles (NCT), and their composite against three phytopathogenic fungi: Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium verticilliodes. SeNPs were prepared by a previous biosynthesis method. Exposure to SeNPs altered fungal morphogenesis, significantly reducing biomass and sporulation. Transmission electron microscopy revealed SeNPs interactions with cell walls and damage to organelles, with intracellular SeNPs localization. Chitosan was produced from Rhizopus arrhizus yielding 0.52 g/L at 79.5% deacetylation. Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy characterized NCT and the SeNPs-NCT composite. SeNPs exhibited the strongest antifungal effects, completely inhibiting A. alternata and F. oxysporum growth at 12 ppm and F. verticilliodes at 25 ppm. NCT showed antifungal properties but lower efficacy, requiring 1000 ppm for complete inhibition. The SeNPs-NCT composite reduced activity versus SeNPs alone. This study demonstrates the antifungal potential of SeNPs and NCT against important plant pathogens. SeNPs interactions with fungal cells are also elucidated, providing insights into potential mechanisms of action such as cell wall embedment and organelle disruption.
lncRNA CHAF1B-2 contributes to the tumorigenesis of gastric cancer via activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway
Authors: Tian Shao-Qi , Shen Jun-Jie , Sun Dao-Ping , Chen Wen-Ming 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Lnc-CHAF1B-2, a newly unearthed long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), plays a significant role in the evolution and prognosis of diverse neoplasms. However, its role in the development of gastric cancer is not yet fully understood. Utilizing bioinformatics analysis on gastric cancer RNA-seq sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we delved into the expression of lnc-CHAF1B-2 within gastric carcinoma and its implicated molecular signaling pathways. Verification through an array of in vivo and in vitro experiments—namely, EdU incorporation, flow cytometry, Trans-well migration and invasion assays, subcutaneous tumor formation in nude mice, and Western blot analysis—were conducted. We uncovered a notable upregulation of lnc-CHAF1B-2 in gastric cancer tissues. Furthermore, a positive correlation was discerned between lnc-CHAF1B-2 levels and the occurrence of distant metastases in patients, inversely related to their prognostic outlook and survival rates. Moreover, our findings confirmed that lnc-CHAF1B-2 enhances proliferation, invasiveness, and migration of gastric cancer cells, whilst inhibiting apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, it was revealed that lnc-CHAF1B-2 promotes the progression of gastric cancer through activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Thus, lnc-CHAF1B-2 and its regulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway emerge as prospective therapeutic targets in gastric cancer management.
A Medial Habenula Neural Circuit Controlling Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Response to Acute Stress
Authors: He Zi-Xuan , Wang Yao , Qiao Jiu-Ye , Lv Xin-Yue , Yue Mei-Hui , Yang Qian-Qian , Wang Si-Ran , Kang Han-Yun , Yu Hua-Li , He Xiao-Xiao , Zhu Xiaojuan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Anxiety is characterized by worried thoughts and an aversion to immediate threats. While the neural circuits underlying anxiety have been studied, however, the underlying circuit mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we report that the activity of tachykinin-expressing (Tac1) neurons in the medial habenula (MHb) is decreased and excitatory projections from these neurons are inhibited in response to acute stress in mice. Activation of interfascicular nucleus (IF)GLUT→MHbTac1 projections ameliorates anxiety-like behaviors in stressed mice. Moreover, MHbTac1 neurons send excitatory projections to the lateral part of the interpeduncular nucleus (IPL), regulating the activity of Tac1-projecting IPL neurons and anxiety-like behaviors in stressed mice. In summary, these findings delineate the circuit involving Tac1 neurons in the MHb that mediates anxiety-like behaviors in response to acute stress in mice.
The atlas of the tertiary lymphoid structure with omics data from breast cancer patients
Authors: Fan Xiaokai , Feng Daqin , Yu Yongjia , Liang Lun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) is considered a potential prognosis factor for breast cancer, and it has a high correlation with the response of immune therapy. Inducing TLS neogenesis can improve the immunogenicity of cancers and immune therapy efficiency. But it is still poorly known of the TLS, hence, we use high-resolution ways that include single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptome to explore the tertiary lymphoid structure of breast cancer. We find eighteen types of cells in TLS and calculate the differential expression genes compared the TLS regions with other regions. And the macrophages in the TLS region have lineage transformation, from the immune activation to facilitating the tumor cell growth. For the cell-cell communication in the TLS region, KRT86+ CD8+ T cell, HISTIH4C+ cycling CD8+ T cell, IFNG+ CD8+ T cell, and IGKV3-20+ B strongly communicate with other cells. We also find that APOD+ fibroblast and CCL21+ fibroblast mainly through CXCL12-CXCR4 ligand-receptor to recruit T/B cells.
Determination of the ED 50 of intravenous lidocaine for pain on awakening after pediatric tonsillectomy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hu Yang , Du Ming-Cheng , Chen Yi , Long Xiang , Jiang Jing-Jing , Gong Yuan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background: We investigated the potential of intravenous lidocaine to reduce pain on awakening in a dose-dependent manner and aimed to determine the median effective dose (ED50) of lidocaine in 200 children aged 3–12 years (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I–II) who underwent elective tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy at Yichang Central People’s Hospital.
Methods: The patients were randomized into four dose groups (A–D: 0.0, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg/kg, respectively) and underwent the same anesthetic induction and maintenance protocols. The primary outcome was pain on awakening, whereas secondary outcomes included pain scores at 1, 4, 12, and 24 h after awakening; incidences of laryngospasm, bronchospasm, or perioperative stridor; and time to extubation. Intraoperative cardiac events were classified as safety events.
Results: Our findings indicated that intravenous lidocaine dose-dependently reduced pain on awakening. The ED50 of intravenous lidocaine for pain on awakening was 1.75 mg/kg. Significant differences were observed between groups A and D (P ≤ 0.001). No incidents of laryngospasm, bronchospasm, or perioperative stridor were observed. Furthermore, there were significant between-group differences in time to extubation (P ≤ 0.05).
Conclusion: In conclusion, our study demonstrated that lidocaine dose-dependently reduced pain on awakening in children undergoing tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy (ED50 = 1.75 mg/kg), with no severe adverse events.
Trial registration: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Yichang Central People’s Hospital (HEC-KYJJ-2020-038-02), The trial was registered at www.chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR2100053006).
Wind Network Fluctuation and Complementary Ventilation Caused by Differences in Wind Demand of The Double-hole Tunnel Construction
Authors: Xiaoming Wang , Yu Zhao , Guang Yang , Xinyu Zhao , Dong Liu , Hongliang Wei , Shiqiang Chen , Huan Deng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The realization of two-bore complementary ventilation in construction tunnels is a new challenge. This paper takes two-way four-lane, six-lane and eight-lane tunnel as the research object, and studies the possibility of two-bore complementary construction ventilation and the influence of construction parameters on the effect of complementary ventilation when when there is a difference in wind demand of double-bore. The results show that: two-bore six-lane tunnel is in line with the characteristics of the complementary construction ventilation, when the distance from the wind pipe outlet to the working surface is 20m, the height of the upper step is 3.5m, and the safety distance between the working face of the twin holes is 50m, the ventilation effect of double-hole complementary construction is enhanced. This kind of ventilation can introduce the surplus airflow from the tunnel with small air demand to the tunnel with large air demand, reduce the energy consumption of the tunnel ventilator in the tunnel with large air demand, and enrich the theory of the tunnel construction of the long double-cavity construction.
Nanoparticle Counting for PTI - the Dirty Tail Paradigm
Authors: Mayer Andreas , Czerwinski Jan , Lutz Thomas , Legerer Friedrich , Wyser Max , Comte Pierre , Larsen Hans-Christian , Rubino Lauretta , Vasilatou Konstantina , Engelmann Danilo , Knoll Markus , Burtscher Heinz 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Using solid particle number (PN) measurements in the European Periodic Technical Inspection (PTI) of diesel engines equipped with particulate filters was proposed by VERT in 2016 during the Dieselgate Hearing of the Federal Republic of Germany. An international working group developed the standards and instruments for this method over three years under the leadership of TNO and VERT, which were next implemented in four countries, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany and Switzerland, starting in 2022. PN measurement is now state of the art, enabling rapid and reliable detection of possible failures in particulate filters and the need for their immediate restoration. This paper expands on that successful experience, recommending that PN-counting be used for control of PN emissions from all vehicles during PTI. Five large vehicle fleets, Diesel and Gasoline, Heavy Duty Engines (HDE), Light Duty Vehicles (LDV) and Non-Road Mobile Machinery (NRMM), with and without emission aftertreatment were analyzed. It was observed that, while most vehicles in working fleets are clean (i.e., meet or are below their corresponding emission limits), every fleet however, contains some high emitters, about 4–8% of the fleet hereby termed “dirty tail”. This small fraction dominates the PN emission of the entire fleet and may increase the overall PN emission of its corresponding fleet by up to ten fold over the level of the complient vehicles! Experience indicates that PN emission may be a strong indicator of many different deteriorations in a combustion engine, and thus can be used as a highly sensitive diagnostic signal to detect various engine or emission faults quickly and reliably. This is a new understanding of emission control of vehicle fleets: not by regulations which apply for all vehicles but by selecting the high emitters and consequently repair or replace these relatively few vehicles to the extent desired in terms of emissions policy. Most countries have already implemented strong Periodic Technical Inspection systems. We suggest to expand such tests by additionally measuring the particle number concentration in the exhaust gas of all vehicles for just one minute, thereby detecting the high emitters. With consistent annual monitoring, this procedure will reduce urban particle pollution from combustion engines to one fifth or lower, a significant contribution to reducing local health risks.
Comparison of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt and Lumboperitoneal Shunt for Post- hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus: A Retrospective Analysis of Long-term outcomes
Authors: Sun Tong , Chen Xiaofeng , Yuan Yikai , You Chao , Wu Ke , Guan Junwen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) implantation stands as the prevailing therapy for individuals afflicted with post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH). This study aims to meticulously scrutinize and juxtapose the enduring effectiveness and safety profiles of VPS and lumboperitoneal shunts (LPS) in addressing PHH.
Materials and Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of adult PHH patients who underwent shunt surgery at two centers from 2014 to 2018. The primary outcome was the shunt failure rate at 3 years after surgery. The secondary outcomes included postoperative complications, Evans index, and mRS score. In this study, positive response was defined as an improvement of 1 point or more in the postoperative mRS score, and a favorable outcome was defined as an mRS score of ≤3 points.
Results
A total of 273 patients were included: 177 patients receiving VPS and 96 patients receiving LPS surgery. The study showed that the VPS and LPS groups were at a similar baseline. At 3 years after surgery, the shunt failure rate in the VPS group was 15.3%, lower than that in the LPS group (27.1%) with a statistically significant difference (P=0.018). 138 patients (78.0%) in the VPS group and 60 patients (62.5%) in the LPS group had positive response, with a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P=0.007). The incidence of over-drainage in the VPS group was lower than that in the LPS group (P=0.028).
Conclusion
These discernments unequivocally advocate for VPS as the preferred therapeutic modality over LPS in managing PHH.
Development of a robust and efficient virus-induced gene silencing system for reverse genetics in recalcitrant Camellia drupifera capsules
Authors: Shen Hongjian , Chen Huajie , Li Weimeng , He Shan , Liao Boyong , Xiong Wanyu , Shen Yang , Li Yongjuan , Gao Yanru , Li Yongquan , Zhang Bipei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a rapid and powerful method for gene functional analysis in plants that pose challenges in stable transformation. Numerous VIGS systems based on Agrobacterium infiltration has been widely developed for tender tissues of various plant species, yet none is available for recalcitrant perennial woody plants with firmly lignified capsules, such as tea oil camellia. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an efficient, robust, and cost-effective VIGS system for recalcitrant tissues.
Results
Herein, we initiated the Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-elicited VIGS in Camellia drupifera capsules with an orthogonal analysis including three factors: silencing target, virus inoculation approach, and capsule developmental stage. To facilitate observation and statistical analysis, two genes predominantly involved in pericarp pigmentation were selected for silencing efficiency: CdCRY1 (coding for a key photoreceptor affecting light-responsive perceivable anthocyanin accumulation in exocarps) and CdLAC15 (coding for an oxidase catalyzing the oxidative polymerization of proanthocyanidins in mesocarps, resulting in unperceivable red-hued mesocarps). The infiltration efficiency achieved for each gene was ~ 93.94% by pericarp cutting immersion. The optimal VIGS effect for each gene was observed at early (~ 69.80% for CdCRY1) and mid stages (~ 90.91% for CdLAC15) of capsule development.
Conclusions
Using our optimized VIGS system, CdCRY1 and CdLAC15 expression was successfully knocked down in Camellia drupifera pericarps, leading to fading phenotypes in exocarps and mesocarps, respectively. The established VIGS system may facilitate functional genomic studies in tea oil camellia and other recalcitrant fruits of woody plants.
Verifying clinical benefit of new anticancer drugs after regulatory approval based on exploratory studies
Authors: Ito Akira , Narukawa Mamoru 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background: In Japan, anticancer drugs are often approved based on the Objective Response Rate (ORR) when the conduct of a confirmatory study is difficult or expected to take a considerably long time. However, it remains unclear how frequently post-marketing confirmatory studies are conducted and for which indications they are implemented. We aimed to understand the status of post-marketing confirmatory studies for approved anticancer drugs.
Methods: We investigated the status of post-marketing confirmatory studies on anticancer drug indications approved based on ORR in Japan between 2015 and 2022.
Results: We found that 60% of the indications did not have planned confirmatory studies, with many receiving “orphan drug” designations. This observation is consistent with the Japanese regulations thatallow the approval of anticancer drugs based on the ORR, for which confirmatory studies are difficult to conduct or expected to take a long time. Post-marketing confirmatory studies were less commonly requested from the regulatory authority in Japan than in the US. Although the results of post-marketing confirmatory studies were often utilized in regulatory actions in Japan (including modifications to approved indications), no indications were found where these results led to withdrawal of approval or additional confirmatory study requirements, and the evaluations of the results were not disclosed when they did not lead to regulatory actions.
Conclusions: To enhance transparency in the regulatory review process and facilitate smoother regulatory actions based on the results of post-marketing confirmatory studies, it may be beneficial to require the submission of the results of postmarketingconfirmatory studies if it is feasible following the approval based on ORR.
Phase distribution and lattice coherency for Li-rich zero-deformation cathode design
Authors: Jung Sung-Kyun , Nam Hyeong-Jun , Lee Daeyeon , Moon Jiye , Song Seok Hyun , Kim Kyoung Sun , Jo Hyoi , Choi Jingyu , Ha Jeeho , Kang Seok Ju , Kim Hyungsub 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Chemo-mechanical degradation accompanying anisotropic lattice strain and stress is one of the critical failure modes of layered cathode materials, leading to capacity loss. While “zero-strain” or “zero-volume” advanced cathode materials have shown potential in addressing this issue, design principles and rational strategies for achieving a zero-deformation property still remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that phase distribution and lattice coherency are key factors in controlling lattice changes and isotropy at phase boundaries within layered-rocksalt intergrown Li-rich cathode materials. These parameters are influenced by kinetics of transition metal ordering from rocksalt to layered phase, as well as atomic intermixing between two phases. Our findings reveal that higher lattice coherency, enhanced by cation intermixing between layered and rocksalt phases, effectively suppresses the lattice and volume changes, promoting isotropic lattice change behavior. Consequently, we successfully designed a zero-deformation cathode with lattice and volume changes of less than 1 %, which is further validated through solid-state battery operation under low stack pressure (~1 MPa). This work introduces phase boundary design strategies for developing zero-deformation cathode materials for next-generation Li-ion and solid-state batteries.
What can be learnt from the catastrophic failure of a check dam system? A forensic analysis of a cascading natural-anthropogenic hazard
Authors: Dallan Eleonora , Marchi Lorenzo , Rosatti Giorgio , Zugliani Daniel , Cavalli Marco , Crema Stefano , Valentinotti Ruggero , Borga Marco 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Check dams may be effective structures for reducing debris flow hazard, but their failure often results in serious consequences for people and infrastructures. The examination of these failures embracing a forensic engineering approach, still rather poorly represented in the scientific literature, would lead to important improvements in how residual risk is planned and managed.
In this study, we developed a framework for the forensic analysis of check dam systems failures in terms of cascading natural-anthropogenic hazards, and we applied such framework to the catastrophic event occurred in October 2018 in the Rotian creek catchment (Eastern Italian Alps).
The post-event survey and analysis gathered observations about rainfall, peak discharges, morphological impacts, and damaged check dams. Based on these data, we applied a newly developed coupled hydrologic-hydraulic debris flow model and we assessed the failure mode of the check dam system. Our results highlight important practical implications for improving residual risk management, namely: i) development of debris flow models capable of simulating the role of check dams and their failure in the debris flow dynamics, ii) the call for extensive datasets of check dam system failures, and iii) the necessity to develop methodologies for the prioritisation of field inspection and maintenance of existing check dam systems.
Financial Inclusion Status, Measurement, Determinants and Gender Gap: an Empirical Analysis of Punjab State in India
Authors: Kaur Lavneet , Bansal Deepty 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Access to finance connotes the supply of affordable and high-quality financial products and services, along with demand at the individual level. This research study provides a comprehensive analysis of financial inclusion, with a primary focus on measuring its level in the rural areas of Punjab state of India. The research aims to find the role of financial inclusion in sustainable economic development, elaborates the status of financial inclusion and finds out the financial inclusion indicators to measure the level of financial inclusion. Gender gap in the level of financial inclusion is determined and the impact of different demographic and socio-economic variables on the level of financial inclusion is also explored. A Financial Inclusion Index is developed to assess the extent of financial inclusion. The research highlights significant issues regarding financial inclusion and gender disparities, leading to policy recommendations aimed at enhancing financial inclusion. Ultimately, this study provides valuable insights into the varied aspects of financial inclusion and will be useful for researchers, financial institutions and government policy makers.