bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional decline in the aphasic variant of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Moeller Stacey , Sridhar Jaiashre , Martersteck Adam , Coventry Christina , Kuang Alan , Zhang Hui , Weintraub Sandra , Mesulam M.‐Marsel , Rogalski Emily 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionPrimary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a clinical dementia syndrome associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) or Alzheimer's disease (AD). Impairment in activities of daily living is essential for dementia diagnosis, yet less is known about the neuropathologic impact on functional decline in PPA, especially over time.MethodsActivities of Daily Living Questionnaire (ADLQ) ratings were compared by suspected underlying pathology between 17 PPAAβ+ and 11 PPAAβ– participants at 6‐month intervals for 2 years using a linear mixed‐effects model. A general linear model examined associations between functional decline and cortical thickness at baseline.ResultsGroups did not differ in demographics or aphasia severity at baseline, yet overall and subdomain scores of the ADLQ were significantly worse for PPAAβ+ compared to PPAAβ‐ (P = .015) at each interval across 18 months.DiscussionFunctional decline appears more pronounced and disrupts more aspects of life activities for individuals with non‐semantic PPA with suspected AD versus non‐AD neuropathology.
AgI‐Catalyzed Reaction of Enol Diazoacetates and Imino Ethers: Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Pyrroles
Authors: Dong Kuiyong , Humeidi Ahmad , Griffith Wendell , Arman Hadi , Xu Xinfang , Doyle Michael P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAn unprecedented AgI‐catalyzed efficient method for the coupling of imino ethers and enol diazoacetates through a [3+2]‐cycloaddition/C−O bond cleavage/[1,5]‐proton transfer cascade process is reported. The general class of imino ethers that includes oxazolines, benzoxazoles and benzimidates are applicable substrates for these reactions that provide direct access to fully substituted pyrroles with uniformly high chemo‐ and regioselectivity. High variability in substitution at the pyrrole 2‐, 5‐ and N‐positions characterizes this methodology that also presents an entry point for further pyrrole diversification via facile modification of resulting N‐functional pyrroles.
Red Light‐Triggered Intracellular Carbon Monoxide Release Enables Selective Eradication of MRSA Infection
Authors: Cheng Jian , Gan Guihai , Shen Zhiqiang , Gao Lei , Zhang Guoying , Hu Jinming 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCarbon monoxide (CO) is an important gaseous signaling molecule. The use of CO‐releasing molecules such as metal carbonyls enables the elucidation of the pleiotropic functions of CO. Although metal carbonyls show a broad‐spectrum antimicrobial activity, it remains unclear whether the bactericidal property originates from the transition metals or the released CO. Here, we develop nonmetallic CO‐releasing micelles via a photooxygenation mechanism of 3‐hydroxyflavone derivatives, enabling CO release under red light irradiation (e.g., 650 nm). Unlike metal carbonyls that non‐specifically internalize into both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, the nonmetallic micelles are selectively taken up by S. aureus instead of E. coli cells, exerting a selective bactericidal effect. Further, we demonstrate that the CO‐releasing micelles can cure methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA)‐infected wounds, simultaneously eradicating MRSA pathogens and accelerating wound healing.
Influence of crystallinity and chain interactions on the electrical properties of polyamides/carbon nanotubes nanocomposites
Authors: Hamester Michele Regina Rosa , Pietezak Daniel Felipe , Dalmolin Carla , Becker Daniela 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis work evaluates the effects of the crystallinity degree and π–π interactions between nanoparticles and a polymeric matrix on the electrical properties of polyamides and carbon nanotubes (CNT) nanocomposites. Two polymeric matrices were chosen; polyamide (PA) 6.6, a semi‐crystalline polymer, and PA 6I‐6T (here called aPA), a semi‐aromatic and amorphous polyamide. The PA 6.6 crystallinity degree did not significantly change. Both lamellar thicknesses, amorphous (La) and crystalline (Lc), were estimated through Small‐angle X‐ray scattering. La increased significantly when CNTs were added. Both nanocomposites presented almost the same percolation threshold. In aPA nanocomposites, the π–π interaction between aromatic groups of CNTs and aPA is not only responsible for a homogeneous CNT dispersion, but also creates a direct path, parallel to the electrodes, for electron conduction after the percolation limit. In the PA 6.6 nanocomposites, the CNTs preferably disperse in the amorphous regions, forming a conductive network.
Multi‐functional polyurethane composites with self‐healing and shape memory properties enhanced by graphene oxide
Authors: Luo Xin , Wu Yuanpeng , Guo Meiling , Yang Xi , Xie Lingyun , Lai Jingjuan , Li Zhenyu , Zhou Hongwei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDevelopment of shape memory polymer materials with integrated self‐healing ability, shape memory property, and outstanding mechanical properties is a challenge. Herein, isophorone diisocyanate, polytetramethylene ether glycol, dimethylglyoxime, and glycerol have been used to preparation polyurethane by reacting at 80°C for 6 h. Then, graphene oxide (GO) was added and the reaction keep at 80°C for 4 h to obtain polyurethane/GO composite with self‐healing and shape memory properties. Scanning electron microscopy shows that the GO sheets were dispersed uniformly in the polyurethane matrix. The thermal stability was characterized by thermogravimetric analyses. The tensile test shows that the Young's modulus of the composites increases from 38.57 ± 4.35 MPa for pure polyurethane to 95.36 ± 10.35 MPa for the polyurethane composite with a GO content of 0.5 wt%, and the tensile strength increases from 6.28 ± 0.67 to 15.65 ± 1.54 MPa. The oxime carbamate bond and hydrogen bond endow the composite good self‐healing property. The healing efficiency can reach 98.84%. In addition, the composite has excellent shape memory property, with a shape recovery ratio of 88.6% and a shape fixation ratio of 55.2%. This work provides a promising way to fabricate stimulus‐responsive composite with versatile functions.
Improving appearance quality of injection molded microcellular parts through mold coating of PTFE and zirconia
Authors: Chen Junxiang , Chi Wenkai , Dang Kaifang , Xie Pengcheng , Yang Weimin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe application of microcellular parts in the field of high appearance quality is limited due to its appearance defects. In order to improve the appearance quality of microcellular parts, low heat transfer coefficient mold coating with PTFE and zirconia was employed in this study. The appearance quality of microcellular was evaluated by the surface roughness of microcellular parts. The numerical and experimental results show that delayed heat transfer between the melt and the mold can be achieved through both mold coatings, which improve the melt fluidity and reduce the shear force of the mold on the melt effectively. It is demonstrated that the PTFE has a better effect of delay heat transfer under thinner coating. The polished zirconia coating shows more conducive to the melt wall slip due to its stable molecular structure and smooth surface, resulting in microcellular parts with better appearance quality.
Optimal dose‐finding for efficacy–safety models
Authors: Tsirpitzi Renata Eirini , Miller Frank 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDose‐finding is an important part of the clinical development of a new drug. The purpose of dose‐finding studies is to determine a suitable dose for future development based on both efficacy and safety. Optimal experimental designs have already been used to determine the design of this kind of studies, however, often that design is focused on efficacy only. We consider an efficacy–safety model, which is a simplified version of the bivariate Emax model. We use here the clinical utility index concept, which provides the desirable balance between efficacy and safety. By maximizing the utility of the patients, we get the estimated dose. This desire leads us to locally‐optimal designs. An algebraic solution for‐optimal designs is determined for arbitraryvectors using a multivariate version of Elfving's method. The solution shows that the expected therapeutic index of the drug is a key quantity determining both the number of doses, the doses itself, and their weights in the optimal design. A sequential design is proposed to solve the complication of parameter dependency, and it is illustrated in a simulation study.
Optically transparent electrodes to study living cells: A mini review
Authors: Kuzovlev Artem N. , Evseev Anatoly K. , Goroncharovskaya Irina V. , Shabanov Aslan K. , Petrikov Sergey S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe use of electrochemical methods to study living systems, including cells, has been of interest to researchers for a long time. Thus, controlling the polarization of the electrode contacting living cells, one can influence, for example, their proliferation or the synthesis of specific proteins. Moreover, the electrochemical approach formed the basis of the biocompatibility improvement of the materials contacting with body tissues that use in carbon hemosorbents and implants development. It became possible to reach a fundamentally new level in the study of cell activity with the introduction of optically transparent electrodes in this area. The advantage of the using of optically transparent electrodes is the possibility of simultaneous analysis of living cells by electrochemical and microscopic methods. The use of such materials allowed approaching to the study of the influence of the electrode potential on adhesion activity and morphology of the different cell types (HeLa cells, endothelial cell, etc.) more detailed. There are a negligible number of publications in this area despite the advantages of the usage of optically transparent electrodes to study living cells. This mini‐review is devoted to some aspects of the interaction of living cells with conductive materials and current advances in the use of optically transparent electrodes for the study of living cells, as well as the prospects for their use in cellular technologies.
A 5‐Year Retrospective Analysis of Biologic and Prosthetic Complications Associated With Single‐Tooth Endosseous Dental Implants: Practical Applications
Authors: Kaur Maninder , Abou‐Arraj Ramzi V. , Lin Chee Paul , Geisinger Maria L. , Geurs Nicolaas C. 
Published: April 2021

Focused Clinical QuestionWhat are the key considerations of the incidence and timing for single‐tooth implant complications, including early failure, biological complications, and prosthetic complications?SummarySingle‐tooth dental implants have been shown to have a high overall survival rate, but implant complications affect patient satisfaction and may lead to costly and/or time‐consuming repair and revision. Assessing the incidence and types of biologic and prosthetic complications and the timing of such complications is helpful so that the underlying causes can be addressed during the treatment planning process. Furthermore, identification of patient demographics, patient‐, implant‐, and site‐specific factors associated with such complications may allow for more comprehensive risk assessment during treatment planning.ConclusionsOverall, dental implants have a high survival rate. Identification of the incidence of both biologic and prosthetic complications and minimizing their impact in patients with dental implants is critical to overall implant success. Utilization of careful treatment planning and dental implant fixtures, surgical protocols, and prosthetic designs that reduce complication rates can improve patient acceptance and outcomes. Further research is necessary to fully assess complication rates and risk factors.
Multicenter and all‐comers validation of a score to select patients for manual thrombectomy, the DDTA score
Authors: Cordero Alberto , Cid‐Alvarez Belén , Alegría Eduardo , Fernández‐Cisnal Agustín , Escribano David , Bautista Jenniffer , Juskova Maria , Trillo Ramiro , Bertomeu‐Gonzalez Vicente , Ferreiro José Luis 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundRoutine manual thrombectomy (MT) is not recommended in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (P‐PCI) but it is performed in many procedures. The objective of our study was validating the DDTA score, designed for selecting patients who benefit most from MT.MethodsObservational and multicenter study of all consecutive patients undergoing P‐PCI in five institutions. Results were compared with the design cohort and the performance of the DDTA was analyzed in all patients. Primary end‐point of the analyses was TIMI 3 after MT; secondary endpoints were final TIMI 3, no‐reflow incidence, in‐hospital mortality and in‐hospital major cardiovascular events (MACE). In‐hospital prognosis was assessed by the Zwolle risk score.ResultsThree hundred forty patients were included in the validation cohort and no differences were observed as compared to the design cohort (618 patients) except for lower use of MT and higher IIb/IIIa inhibitors or drug‐eluting stents. The probability of TIMI 3 after MT decreased as delay to P‐PCI was higher. If DDTA score, MT was associated to TIMI 3 after MT (OR: 4.11) and final TIMI 3 (OR: 2.44). There was a linear and continuous relationship between DDTA score and all endpoints. DDTA score ≥ 4 was independently associated to lower no‐reflow, in‐hospital MACE or mortality. The lowest incidence of in‐hospital mortality or MACE was in patients who had DDTA score ≥ 4 and Zwolle risk score 0–3.ConclusionsMT is associated to higher rate of final TIMI3 in patients with the DDTA score ≥ 4. Patients with DDTA score ≥ 4 had lower no‐reflow and in‐hospital complications.
An [FeFe]‐Hydrogenase Mimic Immobilized through Simple Physiadsorption and Active for Aqueous H2 Production
Authors: Ahmed Md Estak , Saha Dibyajyoti , Wang Lianke , Gennari Marcello , Ghosh Dey Somdatta , Artero Vincent , Dey Abhishek , Duboc Carole 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMimicking hydrogenases with synthetic complexes is a promising strategy for the design of Earth‐abundant electrocatalysts for H2 evolution as alternative to platinum. Here, we describe a bio‐inspired FeFe electrocatalyst, with a semi‐bridging μ‐CO ligand, active and stable for H2 evolution in acidic aqueous solutions after its physiadsorption onto carbon‐based electrodes.
Strong Electronic Communication in Linearly Elongated Rylenes Featuring Tunable Bridges
Authors: Dobeneck Michaela , Kaur Ramandeep , Platzer Benedikt , Guldi Dirk M. , Hirsch Andreas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA modified synthetic pathway towards perylene‐perylene dimers and a facile purification method to obtain the regioisomerically pure syn‐ and anti‐isomers are reported. In addition, a novel perylene‐naphthalene heterodimer with 30 conjugated π‐electron pairs was designed and synthesized on the basis of a previously described precursor and the resulting regioisomers were separated from each other. Thereby, the opto‐electronic properties of the linearly elongated chromophores could be investigated regarding the differences in length of their aromatic system and the configuration of the isomers. Further tuning of their energy gaps was realized via protonation and methylation of the dibenzimidazole‐bridging unit. Extraordinary red‐shifts of the absorption maxima of 62 nm for the methylated and 92 nm for the protonated perylene‐perylene anti‐isomer could be achieved. Moreover, the maxima for the syn‐isomer could be shifted bathochromically by 87 and 113 nm, respectively.
Simple Amides and Amines for the Synergistic Recovery of Rhodium from Hydrochloric Acid by Solvent Extraction
Authors: Carrick Andrew I. , Doidge Euan D. , Bouch Alexander , Nichol Gary S. , Patrick Jane , Schofield Emma R. , Morrison Carole A. , Love Jason B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe separation and isolation of many of the platinum group metals (PGMs) is currently achieved commercially using solvent extraction processes. The extraction of rhodium is problematic however, as a variety of complexes of the form [RhCln(H2O)6‐n](n−3)− are found in hydrochloric acid, making it difficult to design a reagent that can extract all the rhodium. In this work, the synergistic combination of a primary amine (2‐ethylhexylamine, LA) with a primary amide (3,5,5‐trimethylhexanamide, L1) is shown to extract over 85 % of rhodium from 4 M hydrochloric acid. Two rhodium complexes are shown to reside in the organic phase, the ion‐pair [HLA]3[RhCl6] and the amide complex [HLA]2[RhCl5(L1)]; in the latter complex, the amide is tautomerized to its enol form and coordinated to the rhodium centre through the nitrogen atom. This insight highlights the need for ligands that target specific metal complexes in the aqueous phase and provides an efficient synergistic solution for the solvent extraction of rhodium.
Mushroom bodies and reniform bodies coexisting in crabs cannot both be homologs of the insect mushroom body
Authors: Strausfeld Nicholas J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn one species of shore crab (Brachyura, Varunidae), a center that supports long‐term visual habituation and that matches the reniform body's morphology has been claimed as a homolog of the insect mushroom body despite lacking traits that define it as such. The discovery in a related species of shore crab of a mushroom body possessing those defining traits renders that interpretation unsound. Two phenotypically distinct, coexisting centers cannot both be homologs of the insect mushroom body. The present commentary outlines the history of research leading to misidentification of the reniform body as a mushroom body. One conclusion is that if both centers support learning and memory, this would be viewed as a novel and fascinating attribute of the pancrustacean brain.
The Permeation Mechanism of Cisplatin Through a Dioleoylphosphocholine Bilayer**
Authors: Ruano Lorena , Cárdenas Gustavo , Nogueira Juan J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe investigation of the intermolecular interactions between platinum‐based anticancer drugs and lipid bilayers is of special relevance to unveil the mechanisms involved in different steps of the anticancer mode of action of these drugs. We have simulated the permeation of cisplatin through a model membrane composed of 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine lipids by means of umbrella sampling classical molecular dynamics simulations. The initial physisorption of cisplatin into the polar region of the lipid membrane is controlled by long‐range electrostatic interactions with the choline groups in a first step and, in a second step, by long‐range electrostatic and hydrogen bond interactions with the phosphate groups. The second half of the permeation pathway, in which cisplatin diffuses through the nonpolar region of the bilayer, is characterized by the drop of the interactions with the polar heads and the rise of attractive interactions with the non‐polar tails, which are dominated by van der Waals contributions. The permeation free‐energy profile is explained by a complex balance between the drug/lipid interactions and the energy and entropy contributions associated with the dehydration of the drug along the permeation pathway and with the decrease and increase of the membrane ordering along the first and second half of the mechanism, respectively.
Methanol Oxidation at Platinum in Alkaline Media: A Study of the Effects of Hydroxide Concentration and of Mass Transport
Authors: Rus Eric D. , Wakabayashi Ryo H. , Wang Hongsen , Abruña Héctor D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe hydroxide ion concentration dependence of the methanol oxidation reaction at Pt was studied using microelectrode voltammetry and rotating disk electrode voltammetry. Both methods suggest that the rate of methanol oxidation is limited by hydroxide mass transport at low hydroxide concentrations, while it is inhibited by hydroxide adsorption at high concentrations. It was possible to shift from the transport‐limited regime to the inhibitory regime by varying the bulk concentration of hydroxide or by varying mass transport to the electrode. Rotating ring‐disk electrode voltammetry was employed to qualitatively assess changes in the diffusion layer pH. The results indicated a decrease in the surface pH during methanol oxidation, as expected, but also that the pH reached a steady state during hydroxide transport limited methanol oxidation.
Efficient Direct Reverse Intersystem Crossing between Charge Transfer‐Type Singlet and Triplet States in a Purely Organic Molecule
Authors: Wada Yoshimasa , Wakisaka Yasuaki , Kaji Hironori 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the group of Prof. Hironori Kaji, Dr. Yoshimasa Wada, and Mr. Yasuaki Wakisaka (Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University). The image shows our designed emitter molecule, MA‐TA, possessing charge‐transfer (CT) character in both triplet and singlet states. The dynamic flexibility of molecules allows effective reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) and MA‐TA show excellent performances in any kinds of hosts. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/cphc.202001013.
Mediator approach and mediator behavior: A secondary data analysis of day of trial and child access mediation in Maryland
Authors: Harmon‐Darrow Caroline , Charkoudian Lorig 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDoes a mediator's stated approach (Facilitative, Inclusive, Transformative) predict their behavior at the mediation table? This question is explored through analysis of 149 cases from District Court day of trial mediation in four Maryland jurisdictions and 156 Circuit Court Family Division court‐referred custody and visitation mediation cases in three Maryland jurisdictions. Through factor analysis and multiple regression analysis, this research found a mediator's stated approach does not fully predict their behavior at the mediation table, and that some self‐reported approaches are more predictive of certain actual mediator behaviors (e.g., reflecting, eliciting, offering opinions) than others.
Phosphate‐Templated Encapsulation of a {CoII4O4} Cubane in Germanotungstates as Carbon‐Free Homogeneous Water Oxidation Photocatalysts
Authors: Al‐Sayed Emir , Nandan Sreejith P. , Tanuhadi Elias , Giester Gerald , Arrigoni Marco , Madsen Georg K. H. , Cherevan Alexey , Eder Dominik , Rompel Annette 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe ever‐growing interest in sustainable energy sources leads to a search for an efficient, stable, and inexpensive homogeneous water oxidation catalyst (WOC). Herein, the PO43− templated synthesis of three abundant‐metal‐based germanotungstate (GT) clusters Na15[Ge4PCo4(H2O)2W24O94] ⋅ 38H2O (Co4), Na2.5K17.5[Ge3PCo9(OH)5(H2O)4W30O115] ⋅ 45H2O (Co9), Na6K16[Ge4P4Co20(OH)14(H2O)18W36O150] ⋅ 61H2O (Co20) with non‐, quasi‐, or full cubane motifs structurally strongly reminiscent of the naturally occurring {Mn4Ca} oxygen evolving complex (OEC) in photosystem II was achieved. Under the conditions tested, all three GT‐scaffolds were active molecular WOCs, with Co9 and Co20 outperforming the well‐known Na10[Co4(H2O)2(PW9O34)2] {Co4P2W18} by a factor of 2 as shown by a direct comparison of their turnover numbers (TONs). With TONs up to 159.9 and a turnover frequency of 0.608 s−1 Co9 currently represents the fastest Co‐GT‐based WOC, and photoluminescence emission spectroscopy provided insights into its photocatalytic WOC mechanism. Cyclic voltammetry, dynamic light scattering, UV/Vis and IR spectroscopy showed recyclability and integrity of the catalysts under the applied conditions. The experimental results were supported by computational studies, which highlighted that the facilitated oxidation of Co9 was due to the higher energy of its highest occupied molecular orbital electrons as compared to Co4.