bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of Surgical Excision for Managing the Oral Pyogenic Granuloma
Authors: Gul Ameer , Shahzad Muhammad , Abbasi Ali Raza , Shaikh Tariq Hussain , Khan Taimoor Ali , Jalbani Bashir 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To determine the outcome of surgical removal of oral pyogenic granuloma in terms of post-operative pain (POP), post-operative healing and post-operative infection.
Materials and methods: This observational study was conducted at Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery department, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro/Hyderabad, from October 2018 to March 2019. Patients of oral pyogenic granuloma, 18-45 years old and either of gender were included. Surgical process of oral pyogenic granuloma were done under local anesthetic by giving infiltration surrounding deep oral pyogenic granuloma by 2% Xylocaine along with adrenaline. Patients were followed for three weeks on weekly basis to access post-operative complications including post-operative healing. Data was collected via study proforma.
Results: Total 37 patients took part in the study; their mean age was 47.86+7.61 years. On 1st week assessment all patients were noted with history of mild pain, moderate pain and severe pain (19, 10 and 8 cases respectively), while healing was achieved in 19 patients. On second week assessment 25 patients exhibited mild pain and 6 exhibited moderate pain and healing was achieved by 16 patients. On 3rd week assessment, only 09 patients exhibited mild pain and mostly were healed few cases showed minor infection.
Conclusion: It was concluded that surgical removal is valuable procedure for the management of pyogenic granuloma of oral cavity with lower rates of post-operative infection and pain, and highest rates of post-operative healing.
III–V Optoelectronic Devices Grown on Silicon
Authors: Tang Tianyi , Sun Jiaqian , Zhan Wenkang , Xu Bo , Zhao Chao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSilicon‐based optoelectronic devices, including silicon‐based lasers and silicon‐based photodetectors (PDs), are essential parts for silicon‐based optoelectronic integration. With the advancement of material epitaxy technologies such as metal–organic chemical vapor phase epitaxy (MOCVD) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), it has become possible to integrate III–V semiconductor optoelectronic devices, especially by monolithic growth, with low‐cost and large‐sized silicon substrates. However, the differences in material properties such as lattice constant, polarity, and thermal expansion coefficient between III–V materials and silicon lead to tremendous challenges in monolithic growth. In recent years, the unique three‐dimensional quantum confinement and defect insensitivity characteristics of quantum dots have greatly improved the performance of optoelectronic devices. This article reviews recent research progress in monolithic growth and optoelectronic devices of III–V semiconductor materials on silicon substrates, emphasizing the development of silicon‐based quantum dot optoelectronic devices.
Farming the Future: Contemporary Innovations Enhancing Sustainability in the Agri‐Sector
Authors: Hardy Katherine , Orridge Thomas , Heynes Xanthea , Gunasena Sulochana , Grundy Steven , Lu Chungui 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThreats from climate change, environmental degradation, and exhausted Green Revolution technologies have caused widespread concern for the future of global crop production and food security. Today, the agri‐sector is transitioning on a global scale, away from traditional farming practices and towards adopting the novel technologies needed to sustainably intensify food production. With the global population projected to reach nine billion by 2050, with 68% of us living in urban environments, it is essential to find ways of producing food crops sustainably both in cities as well as out in the field. Modern innovation presents an opportunity to remedy these issues through the implementation of novel technologies and practices, including vertical farming, light supplementation via light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), artificial intelligence (AI), advances within plant breeding genetics, and the application of biostimulants made from organic extracts. Throughout this review, we will provide insights into the future of farming by discussing a range of contemporary agricultural techniques and technologies, alongside the cultural, economic, and environmental contexts that necessitate their increased application.
An Integrated Plant Architecture: Roots, Shoots, and Everything in Between
Authors: Klimešová Jitka 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Classical models of tree architecture are based on the development of aboveground stem branching in an ideal tree from early ontogeny to the first flowering. Such attempts hinder the usage of architectural traits for understanding plant ecology, especially for herbs. In this article, the author discusses belowground plant architecture, especially the root system, and its contribution to whole plant architecture during ontogeny and after damage.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Functional Polymers Derived from Renewable Jasmine Lactone for Stimuli‐Responsive Drug Delivery
Authors: Bansal Kuldeep Kumar , Özliseli Ezgi , Rosling Ari , Rosenholm Jessica Marianne 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInstances of synthetic polymers obtained from renewable feedstock with the possibility of post‐synthesis functionalization are scarce. Herein, the first ever synthesis and drug delivery application of amphiphilic block copolymer (mPEG‐b‐PJL) derived from renewable jasmine lactone with free allyl groups on the backbone is presented. The polymer is synthesized via facile ring‐opening polymerization and subsequently, UV mediated thiol‐ene click chemistry is utilized for post‐functionalization. The introduction of hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amine functionality to mPEG‐b‐PJL polymer is successfully established. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, doxorubicin (DOX) is conjugated on hydroxyl‐terminated polymer (mPEG‐b‐PJL‐OH) via redox responsive disulfide linkage to obtain PJL‐DOX. PJL‐DOX is readily self‐assembled into micelles with an average hydrodynamic size of ≈150 nm and demonstrates reduction‐responsive DOX release. Micelles are evaluated in vitro for cytocompatibility and selective drug release in cancer cells (MDA‐MB‐231) using 10 mm glutathione as a reducing agent. Cytotoxicity and microscopy results confirm a redox‐triggered release of DOX, which is further confirmed by flow cytometry. The introduction of these novel functional polymers can pave the way forward in designing polymer‐drug conjugate‐based smart nano‐carriers.
Curvature Induced by Deflection in Thick Meta‐Plates
Authors: Mirzaali Mohammad J. , Ghorbani Aref , Nakatani Kenichi , Nouri‐Goushki Mahdiyeh , Tümer Nazli , Callens Sebastien J. P. , Janbaz Shahram , Accardo Angelo , Bico José , Habibi Mehdi , Zadpoor Amir A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe design of advanced functional devices often requires the use of intrinsically curved geometries that belong to the realm of non‐Euclidean geometry and remain a challenge for traditional engineering approaches. Here, it is shown how the simple deflection of thick meta‐plates based on hexagonal cellular mesostructures can be used to achieve a wide range of intrinsic (i.e., Gaussian) curvatures, including dome‐like and saddle‐like shapes. Depending on the unit cell structure, non‐auxetic (i.e., positive Poisson ratio) or auxetic (i.e., negative Poisson ratio) plates can be obtained, leading to a negative or positive value of the Gaussian curvature upon bending, respectively. It is found that bending such meta‐plates along their longitudinal direction induces a curvature along their transverse direction. Experimentally and numerically, it is shown how the amplitude of this induced curvature is related to the longitudinal bending and the geometry of the meta‐plate. The approach proposed here constitutes a general route for the rational design of advanced functional devices with intrinsically curved geometries. To demonstrate the merits of this approach, a scaling relationship is presented, and its validity is demonstrated by applying it to 3D‐printed microscale meta‐plates. Several applications for adaptive optical devices with adjustable focal length and soft wearable robotics are presented.
Exploiting Light Interferences to Generate Micrometer‐High Superstructures from Monomeric Azo Materials with Extensive Orientational Mobility
Authors: Rodriguez Florent , Jelken Joachim , Delpouve Nicolas , Laurent Adèle , Garnier Bertrand , Duvail Jean‐Luc , Lagugné‐Labarthet François , Ishow Eléna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPhotochromic azo materials have stirred considerable interest for their ability to mechanically respond to polarized light through large photoinduced migration and orientation processes. In order to apprehend the microscopic dynamics behind the extensive mass transport occurring under interferential illumination, two azo compounds differing by their propensity to form hydrogen bonds are synthesized and processed as nondoped glassy thin films. Interferential irradiation using polarization and intensity patterns reveals fully distinct responses. Regular nanometer‐high surface relief gratings transform into micrometer superstructures with an amplitude ten times higher than the initial film thickness when using the latter polarization. Systematic comparisons between the azo materials in terms of thermal properties, photochromism in solution and in the solid state, and photomigration are carried out. The progressive formation of superstructures is ascribed to two successive processes. The first one relates to fast photoinduced migration due to the impinging structured light, and the second one is promoted by slower thermally activated “zig‐zag”‐like diffusion and Z‐E thermal relaxation, which in turn requests high orientational mobility of the azo compounds and causes large nanomechanical changes. Such studies should provide novel structural guidelines in terms of material fluidity to rapidly achieve highly structured and rewritable materials at low light irradiance.
Coffee‐Stain‐Free Perovskite Film for Efficient Printed Light‐Emitting Diode
Authors: Li Ya , Chen Zhewei , Liang Dong , Zang Jiaqing , Song Zheheng , Cai Lei , Zou Yatao , Wang Xuechun , Wang Yusheng , Li Pandeng , Gao Xingyu , Ma Zhongsheng , Mu Xinju , El‐Shaer Abdelhamid , Xie Liming , Su Wenming , Song Tao , Sun Baoquan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInkjet printing is a powerful technology for realizing high‐density pixelated perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs). However, the coffee‐stain effect in the inkjet printing process often leads to uneven thickness and poor crystallization of printed perovskite features, which deteriorates the performance of PeLEDs. Here, a strategy is developed to suppress the coffee‐stain effect via enhancing Marangoni flow strength. An interfacial poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) layer is incorporated to tune the surface tension of the underlying hole transport layer (HTL) and enhance the perovskite crystallization. The substrate temperature is also carefully controlled to tune the printing solvent evaporation rate rationally. By optimizing the thickness of the PVP layer and the temperature of the printing stage, the coffee‐stain effect is dramatically restrained. In addition, the interfacial insulating PVP layers play a positive role in suppressing leakage current level of PeLEDs by avoiding any direct electrical contact between HTL and electron transporting layer. Finally, an inkjet‐printed PeLED with a brightness of 3640 cd m–2 and external quantum efficiency of 9.0% is achieved. This work highlights the availability of inkjet‐printing technology for fabricating patterned PeLEDs in information display applications.
Perovskite Quantum Dots for Super‐Resolution Optical Microscopy: Where Strong Photoluminescence Blinking Matters
Authors: Feld Leon G. , Shynkarenko Yevhen , Krieg Franziska , Rainò Gabriele , Kovalenko Maksym V. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBlinking nanoscale emitters, typically single molecules, are employed in single‐molecule localization microscopy (SMLM), such as direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM), to overcome Abbe's diffraction limit, offering spatial resolution of few tens of nanometers. Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) feature high photostability, ultrahigh absorption cross‐sections and brightness, as well as wide tunability of the emission properties, making them a compelling alternative to organic molecules. Here, CsPbBr3 nanocrystals, the latest addition to the QD family, are explored as probes in SMLM. Because of the strongly suppressed QD photoluminescence blinking (ON/OFF occurrence higher than 90%), it is difficult to resolve emitters with overlapping point‐spread functions by standard dSTORM methods due to false localizations. A new workflow based on ellipticity filtering efficiently identifies false localizations and allows the precise localization of QDs with subwavelength spatial resolution. Aided by Monte‐Carlo simulations, the optimal QD blinking dynamics for dSTORM applications is identified, harnessing the benefits of higher QD absorption cross‐section and the enhanced QD photostability to further expand the field of QD super‐resolution microscopy toward sub‐nanometer spatial resolution.
High‐temperature resistant polyimide‐based sandwich‐structured dielectric nanocomposite films with enhanced energy density and efficiency
Authors: Cai Lixin , Wu Jima , Qin Hongmei , Li Ziwei , Wang Shan , Hu Guo‐Hua , Xiong Chuanxi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDevelopment of advanced dielectric materials with both high‐electric energy density and high‐temperature resistant attributes is highly desirable in modern electronics and electrical systems. Herein, a series of polyimide (PI)‐based sandwich‐structured dielectric nanocomposite films have been attempted to develop the advanced high‐temperature resistant capacitor films, wherein the boron nitride nanosheets/PI nanocomposite acts as the outer layers and the zinc oxide (ZnO)/PI as the middle layer. Benefitting from the merits of both fillers and the unique structure, the resulting nanocomposite films can simultaneously achieve both high‐dielectric constant and high‐breakdown strength, as well as low‐electrical conduction loss, thus leading to improved discharged energy densities (Ue) and charge/discharge efficiency (η) at elevated temperatures. It is found that the sandwich‐structured nanocomposite film with 0.4 vol% ZnO (0.4ZnO/PI‐S) can deliver a maximum Ue of 5.29 J cm−3 at 400 MV m−1 and 150°C, which is about 1.9 times that of the pristine PI film. Moreover, outstanding dielectric stability over 10,000 charge/discharge cycles has been demonstrated in such PI‐based sandwich‐structured nanocomposite films at 150°C and 200 MV m−1. This research may provide a new paradigm to explore polymer nanocomposites having excellent energy storage and efficiency at elevated temperatures.
A desmoking algorithm for endoscopic images based on improved U‐Net model
Authors: Lin Jinzhao , Jiang Meiqiu , Pang Yu , Wang Huiqian , Chen Zhu , Yan Chongyuan , Liu Qinghui , Wang Yuanfa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn laparoscopic surgery, the smoke generated by operations including electrocautery and laser ablation seriously degrades the quality of endoscopic images. It not only reduces the visibility of the surgery, leading to increased risk of surgery, but also affects the performance of image processing in computer‐assisted surgery such as segmentation, 3D reconstruction and tracking. Therefore, a desmoking algorithm is required to eliminate smoke in endoscopic images. In this article, we study a U‐Net model that can eliminate smoke of the laparoscopic image in real‐time and preserve the natural appearance of the organ surface. Our method is based on the improved U‐Net in which convolutional block attention module is used as an embedded guide mask of the decoder part. The laparoscopic image dataset is provided by the Hamlyn Center, and the Blender software is used to simulate various situations of smoke added to the laparoscopic image for training and testing. For the proposed method, the peak signal‐to‐noise ratio value is up to 29.27 and the structural similarity index is up to 0.945 over the test images. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a better performance than other six existing methods, which is applicable for real‐time endoscopic image processing.
SM‐Detector: A security model based on BERT to detect SMiShing messages in mobile environments
Authors: Ghourabi Abdallah 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThe growing use of SMS by businesses to communicate with their customers has made attackers more interested in smishing attacks. Smishing is a security attack that involves sending a fake SMS message in order to steal the personal credentials of mobile users. This kind of attack has become a serious cyber‐security issue and has caused great financial losses for both people and businesses. In this article we propose a hybrid security model called “SM‐Detector” aiming to detect smishing messages in mobile environments. To increase the efficiency of “SM‐Detector,” we have combined three different detection methods: (i) identification of malicious URLs, (ii) identification of suspected words, phone numbers and emails with regular expression analysis, and (iii) classification of messages using BERT‐based algorithms to distinguish spam messages. “SM‐Detector” also includes a mobile application allowing the user to check their SMS and report smishing messages. Its strength is that it can deal with mixed text messages written in Arabic or English. The experimental evaluation conducted on English and Arabic datasets showed a remarkable accuracy of 99.63%.
Comparison of the influence of Martian and Earth's atmospheric environments on terahertz band electromagnetic waves
Authors: Diao Zhuo , Jing Qingfeng , Zhong Weizhi 
Published: June 2021

SummaryTerahertz waves have wide application prospects in space communication because of their strong penetration ability, wide band, and strong directional antenna. Therefore, it is necessary to study the propagation characteristics of terahertz waves in space, such as in the environment on Mars. In space near Mars, the terahertz link is mainly affected by the absorption attenuation of its atmosphere and the scatter attenuation of heavy dust storms. In this paper, the absorption of 0.1–1 THz waves in the Martian atmosphere is analyzed. The absorption coefficient is calculated based on the theory of atmospheric radiative transfer and the HITRAN database. The influence of temperature, pressure, and altitude on the absorption coefficient is analyzed, and the calculation results are compared with those of Earth's atmosphere. The size distribution of Martian dust particles is then fitted by lognormal distribution, and the transmission characteristics of terahertz waves with different wavelengths are studied based on Mie theory. The research results show the transparent window positions of the attenuation peaks of water vapor and oxygen, which are the main factors of atmospheric transmission attenuation in the 0.1–1 THz band. The attenuation of Martian dust is affected by the size parameter, and it decreases with the visibility of the dust storm. The results provide a reference for terahertz communications in a Martian atmospheric environment and clarify the range of Martian atmospheric fading and dust fading.
The different impacts of the daytime and nighttime land surface temperatures on the alpine grassland phenology
Authors: Li Xiaoting , Guo Wei , Li Shuheng , Zhang Junzhe , Ni Xiangnan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLand surface temperature (LST) is often a direct control on herbaceous plants but has been underappreciated on the alpine grassland phenology in response to climate change. In the present study, we used satellite data of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and LST products to study the land surface phenology (LSP) of alpine grasslands in response to LST changes in the Qinghai Lake Basin (QLB), which is on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Our results showed that LSP, including the start (SOS), end (EOS), and length (GSL) of the growing season, presented high spatial heterogeneity and had significant correlation with landform elevations. Both averaged SOS and EOS across QLB were advanced from 2001 to 2017, but the greater advancement of SOS compared to that of EOS led to an overall prolonged GSL. Daytime LST (LSTd) and nighttime LST (LSTn) had the contrasting effects on SOS (i.e., SOS can be delayed with the increase in LSTd, while it can be advanced with the increase in LSTn). However, increase in LSTd and LSTn in August had the same advancing effect on EOS. Moreover, LSTd played the dominant role in controlling the grassland phenology. Specifically, an 1°C increase in the LSTd in the nongrowing season (i.e., from previous October to April) significantly postponed the SOS by 2.2 d and advanced the EOS by 1.1 d in August. This study highlights the utility and biological relevance of LST in research of grassland phenology and differential impacts of daytime and nighttime LST on grassland phenology.
Food safety and sanitation challenges of public university students in a developing country
Authors: Serrem Kevin , Illés Csaba Bálint , Serrem Charlotte , Atubukha Bridget , Dunay Anna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInadequate catering facilities in Kenyan public universities compel students to handle and prepare their own food, in environments not designated for food preparation such as rooms in hostels. This study investigated the level of food safety and sanitation knowledge, attitude, and practice, among students in an effort to prevent food‐borne diseases. A cross‐sectional study was conducted among 535 students from two public universities in Kenya. Data were obtained through a piloted, structured questionnaire in line with Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) guidelines, administered to students from seven different departments. Eighty percent of the students had adequate levels of food safety and hygiene knowledge, while 70% had a positive attitude toward food safety and sanitation. An average of 74% engaged in inadequate food safety and hygiene practices, with majority citing lack of equipment as a major contributor. ANOVA results revealed significant correlation between the gender and knowledge and practice of food safety and sanitation (F = 30.328, ρ = 0.000) and (F = 18.177,ρ = 0.000), respectively. Binary logistic regression showed that knowledge (β = 3.677, p < .000) fostered the practice of food safety and sanitation more in comparison with attitude (β = 2.244, p < .000). Kenyan universities should consider introducing food safety courses that emphasize Food Safety Management System (FSMS) and Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) practices and procedures especially to non‐science‐based courses, in addition to providing students with proper cooking and food handling facilities.