bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of novel fluoroterphenyls: self‐assembly of low‐molecular‐weight fluorescent organogel
Authors: Altoom Naif Ghazi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNucleophilic aromatic substitution has been highlyparaselective on a range of functionalized pentafluorobenzenes. Here, we demonstrate the utility of nucleophilic aromatic substitution chemistry for the preparation of fluorinated fluorescent low‐molecular‐weight organogels. The molecular design, synthesis and photophysical performance of a new class of thermoreversible and fluorescent low‐molecular‐weight organogels frompara‐alkoxy‐functionalized fluorinated terphenyls are described. Both CuI‐catalyzed decarboxylative cross‐coupling and nucleophilic aromatic substitution chemistry were used for the preparation of those highly fluorinated gelators in high yields and excellent purity via simple filtration, from the corresponding potassium fluorobenzoate salts and aryl iodides. Various fluorinated symmetrical and asymmetricalparaterphenyls were prepared with variousparaterminal alkoxy tails. Those fluorinated terphenyls were characterized using X‐ray crystallography, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, as well as1H,13C, and19F nuclear magnetic resonance. UV–visible light absorbance and emission spectra of those new materials displayed a solvatochromic and solvatofluorochromic behaviour, respectively. Self‐assembly of the produced fluorinated terphenyls occurred via cooperativeπ–πstacking and van der Waals interactions, which resulted in gelating various organic solvents. Scanning electron microscopy displayed the formation of fibre‐like nanostructures. The cytotoxicity of some selected fluorinated symmetrical and asymmetricalparaterphenyls was explored.
Enhancement of angiogenin inhibition by polyphenol‐capped gold nanoparticles
Authors: Panda Atashi , Karhadkar Siddhant , Acharya Bidisha , Banerjee Anwesha , De Soumya , Dasgupta Swagata 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAngiogenin (Ang), is a ribonucleolytic protein that is associated with angiogenesis, the formation of blood vessels. The involvement of Ang in vascularisation makes it a potential target for the identification of compounds that have the potential to inhibit the process. The compounds may be assessed for their ability to inhibit the ribonucleolytic activity of the protein and subsequently blood vessel formation, a crucial requirement for tumor formation. We report an inhibition of the ribonucleolytic activity of Ang with the gallate containing green tea polyphenols, ECG and EGCG that exhibits an increased efficacy upon forming polyphenol‐capped gold nanoparticles (ECG‐AuNPs and EGCG‐AuNPs). The extent of inhibition was confirmed using an agarose gel‐based assay followed by fluorescence titration studies that indicated a hundred fold stronger binding of polyphenol‐capped gold nanoparticles (GTP‐AuNPs) compared to the bare polyphenols. Interestingly, we found a change in the mode of inhibition from a noncompetitive type to a competitive mode of inhibition in case of the GTP‐AuNPs, which is in agreement with the 'n' values obtained from the fluorescence quenching studies. The effect on angiogenesis has also been assessed by the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. We find an increase in the inhibition potency of GTP‐AuNPs that could find applications in the development of anti‐angiogenic compounds.
Efficient Synthesis of Cyclohexanol and Ethanol via the Hydrogenation of Acetic Acid‐Derived Cyclohexyl Acetate with the CuxAl1Mn2−x Catalysts
Authors: Song Tongyang , Chen Wei , Qi Yuanyuan , Wu Peng , Zhu Zhirong , Li Xiaohong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe hydrogenation of cyclohexyl acetate (CHA), derived from the esterification of acetic acid and cyclohexene, not only alleviates the overcapacity of acetic acid, but also produces value‐added cyclohexanol (CHOL) and ethanol at a low cost. Herein, we prepared Cu1Al1, Cu1Mn1 and CuxAl1Mn2−x catalysts via a deposition‐precipitation method for the hydrogenation of CHA to CHOL and ethanol. As a result, the ternary CuxAl1Mn2−x catalysts exhibited superior behaviors to Cu1Al1 and Cu1Mn1. To our delight, Cu1Al1Mn1 had a 95.0 % CHA conversion and 93.6 % selectivity to CHOL along with 97.6 % selectivity to ethanol in a batch reactor. Based on detailed characterization, the ternary CuxAl1Mn2−x catalysts possessed more uniformed dispersion of Cu particles, less aggregation and larger BET specific surface area than the binary catalysts. Furthermore, Cu1Al1Mn1 possessed the highest Cu0/(Cu0+Cu+) molar ratio, the highest (Mn2++Mn3+)/Mn4+ molar ratio and the most abundant surface oxygen vacancies, facilitating the adsorption and activation of CHA and hydrogen. In addition, Cu1Al1Mn1 had excellent stability (>500 h) in a fixed‐bed reactor.
Nb−V Mixed Oxide with a Random Assembly of Pentagonal Units: A Catalyst for Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane and Propane
Authors: Shimoda Kosuke , Ishikawa Satoshi , Matsumoto Katsuya , Miyasawa Mai , Takebe Marino , Matsumoto Riku , Lee Syutoku , Ueda Wataru 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHigh‐dimensionally structured (HDS) mixed oxides of vanadium with metals (M) (e. g., Nb, Mo, and W; denoted as HDS‐MVO) were constructed by {M6O21}12− pentagonal units and {MO6} (M=Nb, Mo, W, or V) octahedra as linkers. The materials were synthesized using a hydrothermal method and rod‐shaped solids. The random assembly of the pentagonal units and octahedra in the cross‐sectional plane of the rods facilitated the formation of micropore channels along the long axis of the rods. Micropore formation was directly observed in the cross‐section by HAADF‐STEM. These structural features are common to HDS‐NbVO, HDS‐MoVO, and HDS‐WVO. The catalytic activity of these three HDS‐MVOs with V/Mo ratios in the range 0.35–0.39 was tested for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane and propane. The reaction rates per surface area for ethane oxidation and propane oxidation over the HDS‐MoVO and HDS‐WVO catalysts were comparable, whereas the HDS‐NbVO catalyst showed an appreciable difference between the two reaction rates. Both HDS‐MoVO and HDS‐WVO exhibited higher selectivity for olefin formation during ethane oxidation than propane oxidation. Interestingly, the olefin selectivity over the HDS‐NbVO catalyst was found to be almost independent of the alkane substrate. These catalytic features were discussed on the basis of V−O−V or V−O−Mo redox coupling and pore structure effects in HDS‐MoVO and HDS‐WVO and also of isolated and valence stable surface V in HDS‐NbVO.
Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Activity of Phosphorus‐Rich Tungsten Phosphide by Cobalt Doping: A Comprehensive Study of the Active Sites and Electronic Structure
Authors: Yang Yixuan , Feng Xiaoyu , Liu Zhizhong , Zhang Xuming , Song Hao , Pi Chaoran , Gao Biao , K Chu Paul , Huo Kaifu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPhosphorus‐rich transition metal phosphides (TMPs) are considered efficient electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, the actual activity of P‐rich TMPs is not as good as expected because of the undesirable electronic structure. Transition metal doping has been shown to be effective in improving the HER activity of TMPs in both acid and alkaline media, but the underlying mechanism is ambiguous, especially for P‐rich TMPs. Herein, cobalt‐doped and phosphorus‐rich tungsten phosphide nanowire arrays (Co/WP2 NWs/CC) are synthesized and the electrochemical properties and mechanism are determined by both experiments and theoretical calculation. The results reveal that Co dopants serve as inert catalytic sites and do not participate in HER process, but the Co/WP2 NWs/CC exhibits enhanced electrocatalytic activity as a result of the lower water dissociation barrier and hydrogen adsorption/desorption free energy on W or P sites and improved conductivity by strong electron‐donating effects of Co dopants, thereby boosting the catalytic activity and kinetics.
Pre‐plant and in‐crop herbicide programs for prickly sida control in soybean
Authors: Copes Josh T. , Miller Donnie K. , Godara Rakesh K. , Griffin James L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPrickly sida (Sida spinosa L.) is emerging as a prevalent and troublesome weed in the Mid‐South glyphosate‐resistant (GR) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cropping systems as reliance on residual herbicides has decreased. It emerges throughout the growing season and postemergence (POST) control has been reported to be variable. Combinations of residual herbicides applied pre‐plant and at‐planting followed by POST herbicides in‐crop may be needed to maximize control. This research utilized separate studies to address the value of currently available residual herbicides applied pre‐plant, at‐planting, and POST in glyphosate‐resistant soybean prickly sida management systems. At 35 days after application (DAA), prickly sida control from glyphosate plus 2,4‐D pre‐plant with flumioxazin plus chlorimuron‐ethyl, flumioxazin plus pyroxasulfone, flumioxazin plus chlorimuron‐ethyl plus thifensulfuron‐methyl, metribuzin plus chlorimuron‐ethyl or metribuzin plus sulfentrazone was 70–89% and similar among treatments. In a separate study, based on prickly sida control and density 21 days after late postemergence (LPOST) application, improvement in control was most affected by inclusion of glyphosate or glyphosate plus residual herbicides flumioxazin, chlorimuron‐ethyl, and thifensulfuron‐methyl at‐planting. Weed control was not improved when residual herbicides chlorimuron‐ethyl plus tribenuron‐methyl were included pre‐plant or when residual herbicides chlorimuron‐ethyl, s‐metolachlor, and fomesafen were applied with glyphosate POST. Late‐season prickly sida control was as high as 93% following at‐planting and POST applications that did not include residual herbicides. Soybean yield was maximized with glyphosate applied both at‐planting and POST, whether or not residual herbicides flumioxazin, chlorimuron‐ethyl, and thifensulfuron‐methyl were included at‐planting or residual herbicides chlorimuron‐ethyl, s‐metolachlor, or fomesafen were included POST. When averaged across at‐planting and POST treatments, a 10% yield increase was observed when residual herbicides chlorimuron‐ethyl and tribenuron‐methyl were applied with glyphosate plus 2,4‐D pre‐plant compared with glyphosate plus 2,4‐D alone.
Marker‐assisted backcrossing for disease resistance and agronomic traits in Carioca beans
Authors: de Almeida Caléo Panhoca , Paulino Jean Fausto de Carvalho , Santos Isabella Laporte , Bajay Miklos Maximiliano , Gonçalves João Guilherme Ribeiro , Carvalho Cássia Regina Limonta , Carbonell Sérgio Augusto Morais , Chiorato Alisson Fernando , Benchimol‐Reis Luciana Lasry 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAngular leaf spot, a disease caused by the fungus Pseudocercospora griseola, can lead to yield losses of up to 70% in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) crop. Due to the quantitative character of angular leaf spot, a cultivar with high resistance depends on the presence of several resistance loci. In the present study, a marker‐assisted backcrossing approach was used involving an Andean donor parent (AND 277) and a Mesoamerican recurrent parent (IAC‐Milênio). For marker‐assisted backcrossing in the BC1F1 genotypes, 15 molecular markers previously mapped for angular leaf spot resistance loci were used, and selection was performed by genotypes grouped with the donor parent in discrimination analysis of principal components. Through molecular selection, 42% of the BC2F3 families selected for the Carioca grain ideotype showed high resistance to angular leaf spot under controlled conditions of infection. Two lines resistant under natural conditions and tolerant to Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli J. B. Kendr. & W. C. Snyder) were selected for the competition trial. The lines selected, AM138 and AM167, showed superiority to the recurrent cultivar for six of the eight agronomic traits, including resistance to Race 65 of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum slow grain darkening, early maturity, and lighter grain color. Both advanced lines will be included in the value for cultivation and use trials; and as Carioca lines with resistance of Andean origin, they can be widely used as sources of resistance in breeding programs to overcome problems related to inter‐gene pool crosses.
Design and Synthesis of Zinc‐Activated CoxNi2−xP/Graphene Anode for High‐Performance Zinc Ion Storage Device
Authors: Guo Dongfang , Li Zijiong , Wang Dianzhang , Sun Min , Wang Haiyan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractZinc ion capacitors (ZICs) composed of capacitor‐type cathodes and battery‐type anodes have attracted widespread attention thanks to the huge potential in the next generation of low‐cost energy‐storage devices. It is a challenge to explore a universal anode for aqueous ZICs with high‐efficiency energy‐storage characteristics. In this work, the double‐transition‐metal composite CoxNi2−xP/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with sufficient electrochemical activity and charge‐transfer kinetics was successfully synthesized. The Zn@CoNiP/rGO anode obtained by zinc‐ion activation and a biomass‐derived porous carbon cathode (PC) were assembled into an aqueous ZIC (CNP–ZIC) in 2 m ZnSO4. Finally, the CNP–ZIC reveals excellent energy and power densities with a working potential range of 0.2–1.9 V. CNP–ZICs shows high capacitance of up to 356.6 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 (based on the mass of active material on the PC cathode), which is far superior to the performance of conventional asymmetric energy storage devices (CoNiP/rGO//PC and Co2P/rGO//PC). The CNP–ZIC exhibits both a very high energy density of 143.14 Wh kg−1 and good cycling life (∼92.2 % retention after 10000 charge–discharge cycles at 7.5 A g−1). There is no doubt that this work provides a promising strategy for assembling novel zinc ion hybrid supercapacitors with high efficiency and stable output.
Modified grey wolf optimization for global maximum power point tracking under partial shading conditions in photovoltaic system
Authors: Motamarri Rambabu , Bhookya Nagu , Chitti Babu B. 
Published: April 2021

SummaryIn the study of photovoltaic (PV) system, power‐voltage (P‐V) curves exposed to view several peaks under partial shaded condition (PSC), which brings about muddled and most extreme maximum power point tracking (MPPT) process. Under uniform weather conditions, regular MPPT algorithms such as perturb and observe (P&O), hill climbing (HC), and incremental conductance (INC) work in an effective manner. However, these conventional methods are unable to track global peak successfully under PSC. In this context, the evolutionary algorithms such as grey wolf optimization (GWO) perform better than conventional algorithms. However, the conventional GWO is not sufficient for exploration point of view to locate global best particles; and moreover, GWO deteriorates the convergence process. To overcome these drawbacks, a modified GWO (MGWO) is proposed in this paper to track global best particle, which improves the convergence process under static condition and as well as re‐initialization of parameters under dynamic conditions. The proposed method is verified using simulations as well as using experimental results. The obtained results demonstrate superiority compared to conventional GWO and HC methods under partial shaded patterns of PV array.
Simultaneous accessing of multiple SRAM subregions forming configurable and automatically generated memory fields
Authors: Simopoulos Theodoros , Alexiou George Ph. , Spyridopoulos Lazaros , Konofaos Nikos 
Published: April 2021

SummaryA novel SRAM architecture that simultaneously accesses multiple and non‐overlapped memory subregions, located even inside the same memory page, is presented in this work. This new memory architecture is called multi‐field SRAM, and the multiple selection of its subregions—referred to as the memory fields—is succeeded using special designed intra‐encoders, placed as one for every memory field. The block diagram of the typical SRAM model is extended in order to support the addressing of the multi‐field SRAM using a modified crossbar addressing approach. The support of this new memory is based on the automated generation of intra‐encoders that are adjacent to the memory fields. A test circuit, consisting of 16 memory fields, is developed in order to prove the correct operation of this new memory. Each memory storage cell uses an 8T model in order to support the crossbar addressing scheme, which is also presented. Finally, the simulation results of the test circuit are shown, verifying the successful and simultaneous multi‐field access of the memory.
A state‐dependent linear recurrent formula with application to time series with structural breaks
Authors: Rahmani Donya , Fay Damien 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAn underlying assumption in Multivariate Singular Spectrum Analysis (MSSA) is that the time series are governed by a linear recurrent continuation. However, in the presence of a structural break, multiple series can be transferred from one homogeneous state to another over a comparatively short time breaking this assumption. As a consequence, forecasting performance can degrade significantly. In this paper, we propose a state‐dependent model to incorporate the movement of states in the linear recurrent formula called a State‐Dependent Multivariate SSA (SD‐MSSA) model. The proposed model is examined for its reliability in the presence of a structural break by conducting an empirical analysis covering both synthetic and real data. Comparison with standard MSSA, BVAR, VAR and VECM models shows the proposed model outperforms all three models significantly.
Direct effects of visual skills and working memory on Chinese character reading in young children
Authors: Yang Xiujie , Qiao Linyan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe present study aimed to examine how visual skills, verbal working memory, visuospatial working memory, and other general cognitive skills (inhibitory control, attention, and decision speed) were simultaneously correlated with the early acquisition of reading among kindergarten children. A total of 99 Chinese children were tested individually on the Chinese character recognition task, the block design task, the digit span task, the visuospatial sketchpad task, the continuous performance task (CPT), the flanker task, and the choice reaction time task. The results showed that visual skills and working memory accounted for 15% of the unique variance in character reading, whereas other general cognitive skills, including decision speed, inhibitory control and attention, did not significantly explain the variance in character reading when visual skills and working memory were considered. Specifically, verbal working memory, rather than visuospatial working memory, explained the unique variance in children's learning of character reading. These findings highlighted that visual skills and verbal working memory were among the most important precursors of reading in children at the beginning stage of learning Chinese characters.
A focus on the gross morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of the oesophagus and stomach of Eurasian common moorhen (Gallinula chloropus chloropus, Linnaeus 1758)
Authors: Hanafy Basma G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe present work was the first attempt to examine the oesophagus and stomach of the Eurasian common moorhen grossly and by SEM. The oesophagus was composed of long cervical and short thoracic parts. The longitudinal folds of the cervical part were narrower than that of the thoracic part, while the depressions between these folds were shallower and wider in the cervical part. On the epithelial surface of the oesophagus, micropapillae were present and they were numerous and smaller at the level of the cervical part. The openings of the oesophageal glands were circular at the level of the cervical part and oval to elliptical at the thoracic part. The crop was absent. The proventriculus was fusiform in shape; its mucosa was arranged in several, concentrically arranged mucosal folds connected with each other by transverse folds. The proventriculus glands were oval and opened by raised papillae on the epithelial surface. The gizzard was oval; its mucosa was lined by a horizontal layer of cuticle appeared like the fish scales, while the vertical part of the cuticle appeared as thin rods. The folds of the oesophagus are functioning for the expansion for the passage of the food particles. The tunica musculosa of the gizzard was thick to help in grinding of the food particles.
Metabolic impact of pathogenic variants in the mitochondrial glutamyl‐tRNA synthetase EARS2
Authors: Ni Min , Black Lauren F. , Pan Chunxiao , Vu Hieu , Pei Jimin , Ko Bookyung , Cai Ling , Solmonson Ashley , Yang Chendong , Nugent Kimberly M. , Grishin Nick V. , Xing Chao , Roeder Elizabeth , DeBerardinis Ralph J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGlutamyl‐tRNA synthetase 2 (encoded by EARS2) is a mitochondrial aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetase required to translate the 13 subunits of the electron transport chain encoded by the mitochondrial DNA. Pathogenic EARS2 variants cause combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency, subtype 12 (COXPD12), an autosomal recessive disorder involving lactic acidosis, intellectual disability, and other features of mitochondrial compromise. Patients with EARS2 deficiency present with variable phenotypes ranging from neonatal lethality to a mitigated disease with clinical improvement in early childhood. Here, we report a neonate homozygous for a rare pathogenic variant in EARS2 (c.949G>T; p.G317C). Metabolomics in primary fibroblasts from this patient revealed expected abnormalities in TCA cycle metabolites, as well as numerous changes in purine, pyrimidine, and fatty acid metabolism. To examine genotype‐phenotype correlations in COXPD12, we compared the metabolic impact of reconstituting these fibroblasts with wild‐type EARS2 versus four additional EARS2 variants from COXPD12 patients with varying clinical severity. Metabolomics identified a group of signature metabolites, mostly from the TCA cycle and amino acid metabolism, that discriminate between EARS2 variants causing relatively mild and severe COXPD12. Taken together, these findings indicate that metabolomics in patient‐derived fibroblasts may help establish genotype‐phenotype correlations in EARS2 deficiency and likely other mitochondrial disorders.