bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Livelihood Assets on Living Strategies: An Empirical Study of Farmer Household Characteristics
Authors: Illu Abraham , Muhaimin Abdul Wahib , Setiawan Budi 
Published: August 2021

This study aims to analyze the effect of livelihood assets and demographics on the implementation of farmers' livelihood strategies in Pandansari Village, Ngantang District, Malang Regency after the eruption of Mount Kelud. This research is a type of quantitative research that uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis with the Warp PLS approach. Primary data were obtained through in-depth interviews using questionnaires and field observations, while secondary data obtained through literature studies from various related sources. It was determined the location deliberately considering that Pandansari Village was the area in Ngantang District that was the worst affected by the eruption of Mount Kelud. Seventy-five farmers with simple random sampling technique were selected as respondents in this study. The results showed that livelihood assets had a positive but insignificant effect on demographics. Then livelihood assets have a positive and significant influence on livelihood strategies. Meanwhile, demographics have a negative and significant impact on livelihood strategies.
Keywords : Sustainable Livelihoods, Livelihood Assets, Livelihood Strategies, Eruption, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), WarpPLS.
Perceptions and comparison of bedside teaching among final year students of public and private medical colleges of Peshawar
Authors: Adeeb Humera , Jamil Brekhna , Ullah Ihsan , Junaid Khan Muhammad 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Bedside teaching is an important but declining strategy in medical education. The regulatory authority’s insistence on structure of an institute needs be supplemented with quality of bedside teaching. The objective of this study was to find perceptions and compare bedside teaching among students of public and private medical colleges of Peshawar.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at four medical colleges of Peshawar during the month of February 2020. A Likert scale tool with 30 items and four subscales; physical environment, patient’s comfort and student attitude, teaching session and teaching fellow was filled by 242 students. Mean score for each question and each subscale was calculated for each institute for perceptions. Mean score of two public and two private institutes for each subscale was compared by unpaired t-test.
Results: Physical environment mean score was highest at Khyber Girls Medical College Peshawar (2.97±0.50). Patients’ comfort and students’ attitude mean score was approximately equal in four institutes. In teaching session, the highest mean score was reported by Khyber Girls Medical College and was lowest by Khyber Medical College. For teaching fellow, mean score was highest at Khyber Girls Medical College (3.70±0.67) and lowest at Kabir Medical College (2.85±0.55). For physical environment (public 2.87±0.48 vs. private 2.59±0.60) and teaching fellow scale (public 2.87±0.48 vs. private2.59±0.60) there was highly significant difference (p=0.0001).
Conclusion: Mean score in four subscales are comparable in four institutes with some variation but there are significant differences between public and private institutes in physical environment and teaching fellow subscales. There are some consistencies and conflicts with regional and international literature. This needs in-depth qualitative exploration.
Bedside teaching, Medical education, Perception, Physical environment, Teaching session, Teaching fellow
PROVIDING MEDICAL CARE TO PATIENTS WITH BURNS IN AN EMERGENCY
Authors: Турсынбаева Г.А. , Багысбаева У.Т. 
Published: August 2021

В данной статье рассмотрены основные действия при оказании медицинской помощи больным с ожогами на этапах медицинской эвакуации. Актуальность проблемы обусловлена тем, что своевременное оказание первой помощи пострадавшим предупреждает ухудшение состояния организма, что в значительной степени влияет на снижение летальности, инвалидности и сроков временной утраты трудоспособности больных и пострадавших, существенно снижает расходы на их лечение и реабилитацию [В.И. Хрупкин, 2000; Е.И. Бялик, 2001]. Особенное значение медицинская помощь на догоспитальном этапе приобретает при выраженных нарушениях кровообращения и дыхания, клинической смерти, кровотечении, переломах, термических и химических ожогах, когда неоказание помощи или запаздывание ее быстро приводит к значительному ухудшению состояния организма и даже смерти [В.А. Михайлович, А.Г. Мирошниченко, 2005; С.А. Сумин, 2005].
This article describes the main actions in providing medical care to patients with burns at the stages of medical evacuation. The urgency of the problem is due to the fact that timely first aid to victims prevents the deterioration of the body, which significantly affects the reduction of mortality, disability and the timing of temporary disability of patients and victims, significantly reduces the cost of their treatment and rehabilitation [V. I. Brilkin, 2000; E. I. Bialik, 2001]. Medical care at the prehospital stage is particularly important in cases of severe circulatory and respiratory disorders, clinical death, bleeding, fractures, thermal and chemical burns, when failure to provide assistance or its delay quickly leads to a significant deterioration of the body's condition and even death [V. A. Mikhailovich, A. G. Miroshnichenko, 2005; S. A. Sumin, 2005].
IMPROVING PUBLIC ACCESS TO MEDICINES THROUGH INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Абдрахманова К.А. , Датхаев У.М. , Жакипбеков К.С. 
Published: August 2021

В данной статье проведен обзор по совершенствованию доступности и определению современного состояния лекарственных препаратов в Республике Казахстан. Исследовательская работа основана на определении уровня обеспеченности лекарственными препаратами в г. Алматы. Результаты поиска сделаны на основании информации, содержащейся в государственном реестре Республики Казахстан.
This article provides an overview of improving the availability and determining the current state of medicines in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The research work is based on determining the level of availability of medicines in Almaty. The search results are based on the information contained in the State register of the Republic of Kazakhstan
STUDY OF THE INHALATION EFFECT OF GASOLINE AND KEROSENE VAPORS ON RATS
Authors: Тукпетова А.Ж. , Олжабаева Ж.Б. 
Published: August 2021

Несмотря на внедрение альтернативных видов топлива (газ, энергия ветра и солнца), бензин и керосин широко используются в автомобилях. Известно, что это основная причина загрязнения окружающей среды в крупных городах. Пары бензина и керосина часто встречаются в окружающей среде. Значительная часть населения города часто прямо или косвенно подвергается воздействию паров бензина и керосина. Однако рабочие нефтехимической промышленности, нефтеперерабатывающих заводов и заправочных станций страдают от хронических травм. Пары бензина и керосина являются одними из основных загрязнителей воздуха, поражающих сердце, легкие, мозг, печень и почки. Токсикологическое действие паров бензина и керосина отражается на клеточном, органическом и популяционном уровнях. В этой статье исследуется токсикологическое действие паров бензина и керосина на белых крыс. При работе использовались гистологические и морфометрические методы. Выявлены хронические эффекты от вдыхания паров бензина и керосина во внутренних органах крыс в виде нарушений кровеносной системы, дистрофии, некробиоза и некроза паренхиматозных клеток, а также воспалительной инфильтрации клеток. При анализе результатов морфометрических показателей токсическое действие паров керосина на белых крыс было сильным.
Despite the introduction of alternative fuels (gas, wind and solar energy), gasoline and kerosene are widely used in cars. It is known to be the main cause of environmental pollution in large cities. Gasoline and kerosene vapors are often found in the environment. A significant part of the city's population is often directly or indirectly exposed to vapors of gasoline and kerosene. However, workers in the petrochemical industry, refineries and gas stations suffer from chronic injuries. Gasoline and kerosene vapors are among the main air pollutants that damage the heart, lungs, brain, liver and kidneys. The toxicological effect of gasoline and kerosene vapors is reflected at the cellular, organic and population levels. This article examines the toxicological effects of gasoline and kerosene vapors on white rats. During the work, histological and morphometric methods were used. Chronic effects of inhalation of gasoline and kerosene vapors in the internal organs of rats in the form of circulatory system disorders, degeneration, necrobiosis and necrosis of parenchymal cells, as well as inflammatory cell infiltration were revealed. When analyzing the results of morphometric indicators, the toxic effect of kerosene vapors on white rats was strong.
NEUROMONITORING IN CLINICAL PRACTICE: WITH CEREBRAL-SOMATIC PARA INFRARED OXIMETER SYSTEM
Authors: Тұрлығазы Ж.Б. , Байділлаева Д.Ж. , Бакриев Р.А. 
Published: August 2021

Нейромониторинг рассматривается в широком понятии, включая динамическую оценку неврологического статуса, дискретное или непрерывное использование электрофизиологических, биохимических, ультразвуковых, рентгеновских, изотопных и других методов. Несмотря на современные технологические возможности, динамическая неврологическая оценка продолжает оставаться одним из наиболее простых и важных способов оценки адекватности интенсивной терапии. Более того, данные инструментальных методов всегда должны рассматриваться только в сопоставлении с клинической картиной. Нарастание степени угнетения сознания, глубины двигательных и тонических расстройств, увеличение числа симптомов «выпадения» ЧМН отражает неэффективность терапии.
Neuromonitoring is broadly considered including dynamic neurological examination, discrete and continuous application of electrophysiological, biochemical, ultrasonic, X-ray, isotope and other methods. The dynamic neurological examination continues to remain as one of the easiest and the most important ways of adequate assessment of intensive treatment despite modern technological capabilities. Moreover, the instrumental procedure data shall be always considered just within the comparison with clinical practice. The increase of the depression of consciousness degree, the depth of movement and tonic disorders, multiplication of the incidence of SBN (Skull Brain Nerves) "loss" symptoms reflect the ineffectiveness of treatment. Cerebral - corporal para infrared oxymetrical system is suitable for estimating the patient’s (infantschildren-adults) condition with possible disorder of cerebral and/or corporal oxygenation even with keeping normal degrees of Arterial blood pressure and SpO2. rSO2 index is indicative of the balance between oxygen delivery and intake within the regions of interest. This method is used as intraoperative neuromonitoring in cases of high risk of hypoxic brain damage during surgical interventions on the vessels of the neck, surgical treatment of chronic pulmonary embolism, aneurysm and aortic dissection, as well as to assess the severity of cerebral ischemia in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia, pathology of the arteries of the head and neck, chronic pulmonary embolism. The method is based on the principle of optical spectroscopy using infrared light with a range from 650 to 1100 nm. The sensor of the device is located in the frontotemporal part at the border of the scalp. The saturation of the brain with oxygen is determined at rest in the supine position while breathing atmospheric air at all stages of surgical treatment in a continuous monitoring mode.
Zircon Petrochronology of the Kışladaǧ Porphyry Au Deposit (Turkey)
Authors: Paolillo Luca , Chiaradia Massimo , Ulianov Alexey 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Porphyry deposits typically occur in subduction-related arcs but have more recently also been described in postsubduction, collisional to extensional back-arc settings. These different tectonic environments not only might imply different genetic processes but also seem to result in different metal endowments (e.g., Au rich versus Cu rich). It is therefore relevant, also for exploration purposes, to understand the magmatic processes involved in porphyry formation in these different tectonic environments. This study focuses on the Kışladaǧ porphyry Au (17.4 Moz) deposit in western Anatolia, which is centered on a series of porphyritic monzonite stocks of high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic affinity and formed in a continental rifting environment. With 17.4 Moz of Au, Kışladaǧ is of global metallogenic importance and hence a good example for studying the genetic processes associated with porphyry deposits in extensional back-arc settings.
We herein combine a comprehensive set of new zircon textural observations, in situ zircon trace element and Hf isotope data, and previously published zircon geochronology to study the magmatic processes associated with porphyry deposit formation at Kışladaǧ. We show that mafic rejuvenation of a slowly crystallizing (between ~15.8 and 14.9 Ma) magma reservoir below Kışladaǧ immediately preceded porphyry deposit formation. Zircon trace elements and geochronology suggest a longer and deeper evolution for the early fertile magmas compared to the later infertile magmas. Magma evolution at Kışladaǧ was accompanied by crustal wall-rock assimilation. Whole-rock Nd and Sr radiogenic isotopes show that increasing asthenosphere-derived melt input under accelerated regional extension caused a loss in fertility of the system over time.
A Systematic Review of the Orthopaedic Literature on Truncal and Lower Extremity Injuries in Major League Baseball Players
Authors: Swindell Hasani W. , Coury Josephine R. , Dantzker Nicholas , Lopez Cesar D. , Saltzman Bryan M. , Trofa David P. , Ahmad Christopher S. 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Orthopaedic injuries in Major League Baseball (MLB) players can have a tremendous impact on player health, longevity, salaries, and time lost from play.

Purpose:
To summarize all data published between January 1980 and August 2019 on truncal and lower extremity orthopaedic injuries sustained by MLB players.

Methods:
A literature review of studies examining injuries in MLB was performed using the PubMed and Embase databases. Included studies focused on truncal and lower extremity injuries in professional baseball players. Studies pertaining to nonorthopaedic injuries, and case reports, were excluded.

Results:
A total of 41 articles met the inclusion criteria and were selected for the final analysis. Articles were divided based on anatomic region of injury: hip and pelvis (16%), thigh (15%), truncal (14%), knee (13%), and ankle (11%). Most studies (83.7%) were level 3 evidence. Most studies obtained data using publicly available internet resources (29.8%) compared with the MLB Health and Injury Tracking System (22.1%).

Conclusion:
This review provides physicians with a single source of the most current literature regarding truncal and lower extremity orthopaedic injuries in MLB players. Most research was published on hip and pelvic, truncal, and thigh injuries and consisted of level III evidence.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding SARS CoV-19 Among Medical Students of a Medical College in Western India
Authors: Patel Anjali Govind , Rokade V K , Modi Gaurav Sanjay 
Published: August 2021

Background: Medical students being the doctors of tomorrow play very important role in community health awareness, especially in emergency situation like Covid 19. This research was under taken to study the knowledge, attitude and practices of medical students regarding COVID 19 pandemic.
Material and method: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in the month of May, 2021, among medical students. A 33-item web-based survey questionnaire was developed to assess knowledge, attitude and practice among the medical students.
Results: Total 342 valid responses were studied. Male to female ratio was 0.93 in the subjects. Common sources of information about COVID-19 were internet, social media and television. Most of the medical students were aware of the common modes of spread of infection. 80.7 % knew the correct incubation period. Only 35.1 percent of students thought that mild form of disease is most common. Nearly all knew that washing hands and wearing mask are important measures for prevention from COVID-19. Most of them feel that disease is dangerous (91.5%) and 43.3% are scared to do hospital work.
Conclusion: Present study focus on a decent level of existing knowledge, practice, and attitude of COVID-19 among medical students.
Levensbeschouwelijk perspectief op goed bestuur in onzekere tijden
Authors: van Putten Robert 
Published: August 2021

Good governance in uncertain times from a worldview perspective – Reversing the threat of a closed society
What is a good governance approach to uncertainty or reflexivity? Reducing uncertainty is an important task of policy and governance, but it can also derail. That is why good governance includes holding space for uncertainty. A Christian worldview provides insights for a more relaxed handling of uncertainty. The notions of certitudo, improvisation and humility are then central. Together, they form building blocks for a post-secular perspective on governance in times of crisis.
Retos de la Investigación Educativa tras la pandemia COVID-19
Authors: Colás Bravo Maria Pilar 
Published: August 2021

Este texto aporta una visión panorámica sobre los retos de la investigación educativa en un contexto marcado por de pandemia COVID 19 a nivel internacional. Está basado en la lección Magistral que se impartió con motivo del Premio Iberoamericano a la excelencia en Investigación Educativa de 2020 otorgado a la autora de este artículo. El análisis de los efectos sociales, económicos, sanitarios y educativos de la pandemia COVID 19 sirve como punto de referencia para marcar posibles trayectorias científicas sobre las que transitar la investigación educativa. Se marcan como espacios de interés para nuevo estudio; las TIC y la Educación; el desarrollo sostenible y la formación investigadora, entre otros. En cada uno de ellos se señalan y proponen temáticas e interrogantes asumibles para aportar un conocimiento científico educativo valioso a la sociedad. Esta sistematización pretende orientar y animar a jóvenes investigadores a trabajar sobre cuestiones relevantes que constituyen un reto presente y futuro para la investigación educativa.
This paper provides a panoramic vision of the challenges of educational research in a current context characterized by the COVID 19 pandemic at the international level. It is based on the keynote lecture given on the occasion of the 2020 Ibero-American Award for Excellence in Educational Research awarded to the author of this article. The analysis of the social, economic, health and educational effects of the COVID 19 pandemic serves as a point of reference to mark possible scientific trajectories on which educational research can travel. They are marked as spaces of interest for new studies; ICT and Education; sustainable development and research training, among others. In each one of them, themes and questions that can be assumed are pointed out and proposed to contribute valuable educational scientific knowledge to society. This systematization aims to guide and encourage young researchers to work on relevant issues that constitute a present and future challenge for educational research.
Optimization of change in epicardial fat thickness for obese patients who lost weight via the bariatric surgery method using central composite and Box-Behnken experimental designs
Authors: Elmalı Ferhan , Tekindal Mustafa Agâh , Altın Cihan , Ateş Can , Erol Varlık 
Published: August 2021

Background
The aim of this study was to detect the optimal values for Age, Body Mass Index (BMI) and HOMA-IR of obese patients prior to surgery that results in a maximal decrease of visceral fat mass 6 months after bariatric surgery.

Method
In this study, 33 experimental set-ups were designed. This study was approved by Baskent University Medical and Health Sciences Research Board (Approval number: KA16/281). The study data consisted of 40 obese patients who lost weight through the bariatric surgery between February 2015 and December 2016. The values of BMI, Age and HOMA for the obese patients who lost weight through the bariatric surgery were evaluated in three categories and at three levels; the response variable was determined as the Change in Epicardial Fat Thickness (ΔEFT).

Results
As a result of CCD analysis, the optimum ΔEFT = 2.571 was determined when Age = 30.52, BMI = 45.30, and HOMA = 34.62. As a result of the BBD analysis, the optimum ΔEFT = 3.756 was determined, when Age = 38.36, BMI = 63.18, and HOMA = 14.95. The optimum ΔEFT was modeled with Contour and Response Surface plots.

Conclusion
Based on the two surface response models used in our study, the maximal decrease of visceral fat mass as assessed by measuring echography images of epicardial fat thickness can be obtained by bariatric surgery of persons who are between 31 and 38 year old, have a BMI between 45 and 63 kg/m2 and have a HOMA-IR 34 between 15 and 35. Central Composite Design and a Box-Behnken Design of suitable patient data predicted 35 optimal settings of independent variables for the maximal clinical response of an intervention.
The effect of uncorrected ametropia on ocular torsion induced by changes in fixation
Authors: Oh Kwang-Keun , Moon Byeong-Yeon , Cho Hyun Gug , Kim Sang-Yeob , Yu Dong-Sik 
Published: August 2021

Background and Objective
Ocular torsion, the eye movements to rotating around the line of sight, has not been well investigated regarding the influence of refractive errors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of uncorrected ametropia on ocular torsion induced by fixation distances.

Methods
Seventy-two subjects were classified according to the type of their refractive error, and ocular torsion of the uncorrected eye was compared based on changes induced by different fixation distances. Ocular torsion was measured using a slit-lamp biomicroscope equipped with an ophthalmic camera and a half-silvered mirror.

Results
In all groups, excyclotorsion values increased as the fixation distance decreased, but the myopia and astigmatism groups had larger amounts of ocular torsion than the emmetropia group. In addition, as the amount of uncorrected myopia and astigmatism increased, the amount of ocular torsion increased.

Conclusion
Since the amount of ocular torsion caused by a change to a shorter fixation distance was larger when the refractive error was uncorrected, we suggest that ametropia should be fully corrected in patients frequently exposed to ocular torsion due to changes in fixation distance.