bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A longitudinal cohort study on benefit finding evolution in Chinese women breast cancer survivals
Authors: Bi Weiyun , Wang Huaning , Yang Guitao , Zhu Cailin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEven though the prevalence of benefit finding (BF) has been empirically shown to exist among breast cancer (BC) survivals, how does benefit finding evolve over time remains inadequately investigated. The objective of this cohort study is to examine how BF evolves over time among Chinese breast cancer survivals and determine the demographic, medical and psychosocial factors that can sustain BF increase over time. Participants were 486 women with different stages of breast cancer (stages I, II and III) followed from completion of primary treatment. Analysis were performed on the data collected during 2014–2019. During the assessment, each participant completed self-report questionnaires of characteristics and benefit finding at six time points with the interval of 6 months since BC diagnosis. The relationships between demographic, medical and psychosocial characteristics and benefit finding evolution over time were examined using mixed models. Participants reported mixed results on the evolving patterns of benefit finding: 28% reported an upward trend in BF scoring over time, 49% instead reported an downward trend, and the remaining 23% reported no obvious change. Our study has shown that some well-known covariates of benefit finding, e.g. education, income, and social support, are not associated with BF trends. In comparison, levels of spirituality and disease coping at diagnosis can more reliably predict BF evolution over time. Identifying the sustaining factors of benefit finding in the experience of breast cancer is the key to design effective psycho clinical solutions for patients’ long-term post-traumatic growth. As time goes by, breast cancer patients may experience less benefit finding. Our results strongly indicate that benefit finding can be sustained and increased by encouraging attempts at meaning-making and active disease coping during breast cancer treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this study is among the first to examine the evolution trends of benefit finding over time on breast cancer survivals and determine their psychosocial predictors in developing countries.
Starting dose and dose adjustment of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulation agents in a nationwide cohort of patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Gozzo L. , Di Lenarda A. , Mammarella F. , Olimpieri P. P. , Cirilli A. , Cuomo M. , Gulizia M. M. , Colivicchi F. , Murri G. , Kunutsor S. K. , Gabrielli D. , Trotta F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study aims to provide real-world data about starting-dose of NOACs and dose-adjustment in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). In fact, even if new oral anticoagulation agents (NOACs) have a predictable effect without need for regular monitoring, dose-adjustments should be performed according to the summary of product information and international guidelines. We employed the Italian Medicines Agency monitoring registries comprising data on a nationwide cohort of patients with AF treated with NOACs from 2013 to 2018. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the determinants of dosage choice. During the reference period, treatment was commenced for 866,539 patients. Forty-five percent of the first prescriptions were dispensed at a reduced dose (dabigatran 60.3%, edoxaban 45.2%, apixaban 40.9%, rivaroxaban 37.4%). The prescription of reduced dose was associated with older age, renal disease, bleeding risk and the concomitant use of drugs predisposing to bleeding, but not with CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED. A relative reduction of the proportion of patients treated with low dosages was evident overtime for dabigatran and rivaroxaban; whereas prescription of low dose apixaban and edoxaban increased progressively among elderly patients. Evidence based on real-world data shows a high frequency of low dose prescriptions of NOACs in AF patients. Except for older age, renal disease, bleeding risk and the concomitant use of drugs predisposing to bleeding, other factors that may determine the choice of reduced dose could not be ascertained. There may be potential under-treatment of AF patients, but further evaluation is warranted.
Ensemble classification and segmentation for intracranial metastatic tumors on MRI images based on 2D U-nets
Authors: Li Cheng-Chung , Wu Meng-Yun , Sun Ying-Chou , Chen Hung-Hsun , Wu Hsiu-Mei , Fang Ssu-Ting , Chung Wen-Yuh , Guo Wan-Yuo , Lu Henry Horng-Shing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe extraction of brain tumor tissues in 3D Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays an important role in diagnosis before the gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS). In this article, the post-contrast T1 whole-brain MRI images had been collected by Taipei Veterans General Hospital (TVGH) and stored in DICOM format (dated from 1999 to 2018). The proposed method starts with the active contour model to get the region of interest (ROI) automatically and enhance the image contrast. The segmentation models are trained by MRI images with tumors to avoid imbalanced data problem under model construction. In order to achieve this objective, a two-step ensemble approach is used to establish such diagnosis, first, classify whether there is any tumor in the image, and second, segment the intracranial metastatic tumors by ensemble neural networks based on 2D U-Net architecture. The ensemble for classification and segmentation simultaneously also improves segmentation accuracy. The result of classification achieves a F1-measure of $$75.64\%$$

75.64
%

, while the result of segmentation achieves an IoU of $$84.83\%$$

84.83
%

and a DICE score of $$86.21\%$$

86.21
%

. Significantly reduce the time for manual labeling from 30 min to 18 s per patient.
Spatially-resolved electronic structure of stripe domains in IrTe2 through electronic structure microscopy
Authors: Bao Changhua , Zhang Hongyun , Li Qian , Zhou Shaohua , Zhang Haoxiong , Deng Ke , Zhang Kenan , Luo Laipeng , Yao Wei , Chen Chaoyu , Avila José , Asensio Maria C. , Wu Yang , Zhou Shuyun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPhase separation in the nanometer- to micrometer-scale is characteristic for correlated materials, for example, high temperature superconductors, colossal magnetoresistance manganites, Mott insulators, etc. Resolving the electronic structure with spatially-resolved information is critical for revealing the fundamental physics of such inhomogeneous systems yet this is challenging experimentally. Here by using nanometer- and micrometer-spot angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopies (NanoARPES and MicroARPES), we reveal the spatially-resolved electronic structure in the stripe phase of IrTe2. Each separated domain shows two-fold symmetric electronic structure with the mirror axis aligned along 3 equivalent directions, and 6 × 1 replicas are clearly identified. Moreover, such electronic structure inhomogeneity disappears across the stripe phase transition, suggesting that electronic phase with broken symmetry induced by the 6 × 1 modulation is directly related to the stripe phase transition of IrTe2. Our work demonstrates the capability of NanoARPES and MicroARPES in elucidating the fundamental physics of phase-separated materials.
Exploring the physics behind the non-thermal emission from star-forming galaxies detected in γ rays
Authors: Kornecki P. , Peretti E. , del Palacio S. , Benaglia P. , Pellizza L. J. 
Published: October 2021

Context. Star-forming galaxies emit non-thermal radiation from radio to γ rays. Observations show that their radio and γ-ray luminosities scale with their star formation rates, supporting the hypothesis that non-thermal radiation is emitted by cosmic rays produced by their stellar populations. However, the nature of the main cosmic-ray transport processes that shape the emission in these galaxies is still poorly understood, especially at low star formation rates.
Aims. Our aim is to investigate the main mechanisms of global cosmic-ray transport and cooling in star-forming galaxies. The way they contribute to shaping the relations between non-thermal luminosities and star formation rates could shed light onto their nature, and allow us to quantify their relative importance at different star formation rates.
Methods. We developed a model to compute the cosmic-ray populations of star-forming galaxies, taking into account their production, transport, and cooling. The model is parametrised only through global galaxy properties, and describes the non-thermal emission in radio (at 1.4 GHz and 150 MHz) and γ rays (in the 0.1−100 GeV band). We focused on the role of diffusive and advective transport by galactic winds, either driven by turbulent or thermal instabilities. We compared model predictions to observations, for which we compiled a homogeneous set of luminosities in these radio bands, and updated those available in γ rays.
Results. Our model reproduces reasonably well the observed relations between the γ-ray or 1.4 GHz radio luminosities and the star formation rate, assuming a single power-law scaling of the magnetic field (with index β = 0.3) and winds blowing either at Alfvenic speeds (∼tens of km s−1, for ≲5 M⊙ yr−1) or typical starburst wind velocities (∼hundreds of km s−1, for ≳5 M⊙ yr−1). Escape of cosmic rays is negligible for ≳30 M⊙ yr−1. A constant ionisation fraction of the interstellar medium fails to reproduce the 150 MHz radio luminosity throughout the whole star formation rate range.
Conclusions. Our results reinforce the idea that galaxies with high star formation rates are cosmic-ray calorimeters, and that the main mechanism driving proton escape is diffusion, whereas electron escape also proceeds via wind advection. They also suggest that these winds should be cosmic-ray or thermally driven at low and intermediate star formation rates, respectively. Our results globally support that magneto-hydrodynamic turbulence is responsible for the dependence of the magnetic field strength on the star formation rate and that the ionisation fraction is strongly disfavoured to be constant throughout the whole range of star formation rates.
Plasma environment effects on K lines of astrophysical interest
Authors: Palmeri P. , Deprince J. , Bautista M. A. , Fritzsche S. , García J. A. , Kallman T. R. , Mendoza C. , Quinet P. 
Published: October 2021

Aims. We calculate the plasma environment effects on the ionization potentials (IPs) and K-thresholds used in the modeling of K lines for all the ions belonging to the isonuclear sequences of abundant elements apart from oxygen and iron, namely: carbon, silicon, calcium, chromium, and nickel. These calculations are used to extend the data points for the fits of the universal formulae, first proposed in our fourth paper of this series, to predict the IP and K-threshold lowerings in any elemental ion.
Methods. We used the fully relativistic multi-configuration Dirac–Fock method and approximated the plasma electron-nucleus and electron-electron screenings with a time-averaged Debye–Hückel potential.
Results. We report the modified ionization potentials and K-threshold energies for plasmas characterized by electron temperatures and densities in the ranges of 105−107 K and 1018−1022 cm−3. In addition, the improved universal fitting formulae are obtained.
Conclusions. We conclude that since explicit calculations of the atomic structures for each ion of each element under different plasma conditions is impractical, the use of these universal formulae for predicting the IP and K-threshold lowerings in plasma modeling codes is still recommended. However, their comparatively moderate to low accuracies may affect the predicted opacities with regard to certain cases under extreme plasma conditions that are characterized by a plasma screening parameter of μ > 0.2 a.u., especially for the K-thresholds.
FSR 1776: A new globular cluster in the Galactic bulge?
Authors: Dias B. , Palma T. , Minniti D. , Fernández-Trincado J. G. , Alonso-García J. , Barbuy B. , Clariá J. J. , Gomez M. , Saito R. K. 
Published: October 2021

Context. Recent near-IR surveys have uncovered a plethora of new globular cluster (GC) candidates towards the Milky Way bulge. These new candidates need to be confirmed as real GCs and properly characterised.
Aims. We investigate the physical nature of FSR 1776, a very interesting star cluster projected towards the Galactic bulge. This object was originally classified as an intermediate-age open cluster, and has recently been re-discovered independently and classified as a GC candidate (Minni 23). Firstly, our aim is to confirm its GC nature; secondly, we determine its physical parameters.
Methods. The confirmation of the cluster existence is checked using the radial velocity (RV) distribution of a MUSE data cube centred at FSR 1776. The cluster parameters are derived from isochrone fitting to the RV-cleaned colour-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) from visible and near-IR photometry taken from VVV, 2MASS, DECAPS, and Gaia all together.
Results. The predicted RV distribution for the FSR 1776 coordinates, considering only contributions from the bulge and disc field stars, is not enough to explain the observed MUSE RV distribution. The extra population (12% of the sample) is FSR 1776 with an average RV of −103.7 ± 0.4 km s−1. The CMDs reveal that it is 10 ± 1 Gyr metal-rich population with [Fe/H]phot ≈ +0.2 ± 0.2, [Fe/H]spec = +0.02 ± 0.01(σ = 0.14 dex), located at the bulge distance of 7.24 ± 0.5 kpc with AV ≈ 1.1 mag. The mean cluster proper motions are (⟨μα⟩,⟨μδ⟩) = (−2.3 ± 1.1, −2.6 ± 0.8) mas yr−1.
Conclusions. FSR 1776 is an old GC located in the Galactic bulge with a super-solar metallicity, among the highest for a Galactic GC. This is consistent with predictions for the age–metallicity relation of the bulge, being FSR 1776 the probable missing link between typical GCs and the metal-rich bulge field. High-resolution spectroscopy of a larger field of view and deeper CMDs are now required for a full characterisation.
Critical Assessment of In Vitro Screening of α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Plants with Acarbose as a Reference Standard
Authors: Miller Neil , Joubert Elizabeth 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPostprandial hyperglycemia is treated with the oral antidiabetic drug acarbose, an intestinal α-glucosidase inhibitor. Side effects of acarbose motivated a growing number of screening studies to identify novel α-glucosidase inhibitors derived from plant extracts and other natural sources. As “gold standard”, acarbose is frequently included as the reference standard to assess the potency of these candidate α-glucosidase inhibitors, with many outperforming acarbose by several orders of magnitude. The results are subsequently used to identify suitable compounds/products with strong potential for in vivo efficacy. However, most α-glucosidase inhibitor screening studies use enzyme preparations obtained from nonmammalian sources (typically Saccharomyces cerevisiae), despite strong evidence that inhibition data obtained using nonmammalian α-glucosidase may hold limited value in terms of identifying α-glucosidase inhibitors with actual in vivo hypoglycemic potential. The aim was to critically discuss the screening of novel α-glucosidase inhibitors from plant sources, emphasizing inconsistencies and pitfalls, specifically where acarbose was included as the reference standard. An assessment of the available literature emphasized the cruciality of stating the biological source of α-glucosidase in such screening studies to allow for unambiguous and rational interpretation of the data. The review also highlights the lack of a universally adopted screening assay for novel α-glucosidase inhibitors and the commercial availability of a standardized preparation of mammalian α-glucosidase.
Der Stellenwert der Anatomie in der Weiterbildung des Gefäßchirurgen
Authors: Püschel Anja , Oerter Rolf , Misera Nicole , Heinrich Daniela , Bollensdorf Antonia , Hiepe Laura , Burmeister Jenny , Ludwig Tobias , Hinz Sebastian , Schafmayer Clemens , Kipp Markus , Gross Justus 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Gefäßchirurgie hat sich insbesondere mit dem Einzug endovaskulärer Techniken in den
vergangenen Jahren sehr dynamisch entwickelt. Dadurch hat sich jedoch auch das fachliche
Anforderungsprofil verändert. Klassische operative Eingriffe wurden durch endovaskuläre
Verfahren zunehmend verdrängt, neue Hybrideingriffe sind entstanden und komplexe Eingriffe
konzentrieren sich häufig auf wenige Zentren.Dies bringt Probleme in der Ausbildung insbesondere in offenen Operationen angehender
Gefäßchirurgen mit sich, sodass operative Zugangs- und Rekonstruktionsspektren der
Gefäßchirurgie nur wenigen Ärzten in Weiterbildung am Patienten in Gänze vermittelt werden
können.Kadaverstudien ermöglichen die Simulation von Zugangswegen, anatomischen Lagebeziehungen
und einzelner OP-Schritte ohne Patientengefährdung.Im Rahmen des Trainings hochkomplexer gefäßchirurgischer Operationen haben wir am Beispiel
des thorakoabdominellen Aortenersatzes mit 13 Teilnehmern an 6 ethanolfixierten Körperspenden
verschiedene Möglichkeiten der operativen Versorgung so realitätsnah wie möglich durchgeführt
und bewertet.Aber auch aufgrund der klinischen Bedeutung und Komplexität interventioneller- und
hybrider Operationen ist die Notwendigkeit fundierter anatomischer Kenntnisse gegeben. Sowohl
Katheter- und Punktionstechniken als auch notfallmäßige Zugangswege bei chirurgischer
Konversion können geübt werden. Eine Simulation an der Körperspende kann die realen
Erfahrungen nicht ersetzen. Aber durch eine möglichst realitätsnahe OP-Simulation verbessern
sich nicht nur das Gefühl der Sicherheit und das flüssige Arbeiten, sondern auch die
Zufriedenheit der Ausbildungsassistenten. Darüber hinaus können operationstechnische Kurse in
interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit mit der Anatomie früh im Studium eingesetzt auch der Akquise
von dringend benötigtem chirurgischem Nachwuchs dienen.
Akute komplexe endovaskuläre Aortenchirurgie – Off-the-Shelf vs. Surgeon-modified Stentgrafts
Authors: Kapetanios Dimitrios , Stana Jan , Prendes Carlota Fernandez , Stavroulakis Konstantinos , Kölbel Tilo , Rantner Barbara , Tsilimparis Nikolaos 
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Behandlung komplexer abdomineller und thorakoabdomineller Aortenaneurysmen stellt für alle Beteiligten eine Herausforderung dar. Die offene chirurgische Versorgung ist ein Hochrisikoeingriff und ist besonders im Notfall mit erhöhter Morbidität und Mortalität assoziiert. Die endovaskuläre Ausschaltung mithilfe eines patientenspezifischen maßgefertigten Stentgrafts steht aufgrund der erforderlichen Herstellungszeit bei Patienten mit symptomatischen oder rupturierten komplexen Aneurysmen nicht zur Verfügung. In diesen Fällen müssen alternative endovaskuläre Techniken angewendet werden.
Ergebnisse Zu den endovaskulären Therapieoptionen komplexer Aneurysmen in dringenden Fällen und Notfällen zählen die „off-the-shelf“ und die „surgeon-modified“ Stentgrafts. Die ersten sind standardisiert hergestellte fenestrierte oder gebranchte Endoprothesen, die aufgrund der anatomischen Gegebenheiten bei etwa 50 – 80% der Patienten eingesetzt werden können. Die „surgeon-modified“ oder „vom Chirurgen modifizierten“ Stentgrafts beschreiben eine Technik, bei der eine kommerzielle Stentprothese unter sterilen Bedingungen und direkt vor der Implantation durch den Operateur bearbeitet wird, damit die benötigten Fenestrierungen, Scallops und Branches geschaffen werden. Die Modifikationsdauer beträgt 60 – 120 min angepasst an die Anatomie des Patienten. Es handelt sich um einen „off-label“-Gebrauch eines kommerziellen Stentgrafts außerhalb der Anweisungen des Herstellers und wenn möglich, sollte eine entsprechende ausführliche Patientenaufklärung als Behandlungsversuch
stattfinden. In der Literatur sind ähnliche Ergebnisse bez. Morbidität und Mortalität zwischen „off-the-shelf“ und „surgeon-modified“ Prothesen publiziert. Ein direkter Vergleich dieser Verfahren scheint aus mehreren Gründen (unterschiedliches Prothesendesign, Selektionsbias, unterschiedliche Techniken in der Prothesenmodifikation) jedoch schwierig und anhand der Literatur allein nicht eindeutig durchführbar.
Schlussfolgerung Die „surgeon-modified“ sowie die „off-the-shelf“ fenestrierten/gebranchten Stentprothesen werden in der Versorgung von Hochrisikopatienten mit symptomatischen oder gedeckt rupturierten komplexen Aortenaneurysmen angewendet. Die Ergebnisse beider Techniken sind vergleichbar gut, obwohl die langfristige Funktionsdauer der modifizierten Stentprothesen weiter getestet werden sollte.
Corona again? SSC after a severe COVID-disease
Authors: Arnstadt Benno , Zillinger Christian , Treitl Marcus , Allescher Hans-Dieter 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSecondary sclerosing cholangitis (SSC) is a severe complication of intensive care treatment in critically ill patients. It is characterized by rapid onset and severe chlolestasis with elevation of gGT. In contrast to primary sclerosing cholangitis, SSC-CIP has a distinct and timely well defined trigger and can have a rapid progress to cirrhosis and liver failure. In context of the COVID-19-pandemic, there are reports about patients, who developed SSC after a severe COVID-infection and intensive care treatment.We report on a 62-year old patient without any relevant pre-existing illnesses, who suffered from severe COVID-19 pneumonia with the need for long term ventilation. In the course of the disease he developed a critical-illness-polyneuropathy a pronounced cholestasis. After recovery from COVID-pneumonia, the PNP regressed but the cholestasis progressed. MRCP showed only irregular intrahepatic bile ducts, while EUS showed echogenic intraductal longitudinal structures characteristic for intraductal casts and for SSC-CIP. This was confirmed with ERC, where the complete necrotic bile ducts could be extracted and retrieved for histological and molecular analysis.The patient was included in a scheduled ERC-program to prevent a progress of SSC and the concomitant cirrhosis.SSC is an often missed diagnosis, which obviously can also occur in COVID-patients. In case of elevated liver function tests with cholestasis, EUS might be the key diagnostic method to characterize intraductal casts and identify those patients who should undergo ERC.
A Concise Copper-Catalyzed Oxytrifluoromethylation of Allyl Alcohols
Authors: Wang Guangwei , Chen Longhui , Yang Zequn , Sun Qi , Guo Minjie , Feng Xintong , Tang Xiangyang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn efficient oxytrifluoromethylation of 1-aryl-substituted allyl alcohols has been developed using Togni’s reagent II as a trifluoromethylation reagent and copper(I) chloride as a catalyst. This reaction proceeded through a one-pot process of trifluoromethylation followed by nucleophilic attack of the vicinal hydroxyl group. This strategy features good diastereoselectivity and broad substrate scope, which provides a facile access to various 2-aryl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)oxiranes.