bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La violencia invisible de lo cotidiano y la responsabilidad del profesional en ciencias sociales
Authors: Guevara Parra América Celeste 
Published: December 2021

El objetivo de este escrito es reflexionar en torno a la indiferencia propia de un mundo regido por el interés personal donde todo ha sido permeado por la lógica productiva, incluso las relaciones entre los seres humanos. La organización del ensayo se estructura en tres apartados correspondientes a los subtemas principales: la violencia cotidiana hacia grupos socialmente desfavorecidos; el discurso de felicidad ligado a la lógica de la productividad como imperativo de la época; y una pregunta por la posición desde la que intervienen los profesionales en ciencias sociales. Se acude al “Método analítico” como herramienta metodológica pues invita a introducir y mantener el cuestionamiento respecto al tema de interés a partir de un saber siempre por constituirse, más que a refugiarse en la comodidad de caminos metodológicos prestablecidos que no dan lugar ni a la sorpresa ni al deseo del investigador. A modo de conclusión, se menciona la incidencia de nuevas formas de agresión que proliferan de manera global, silenciosa y constante en forma de xenofobia, racismo y clasismo hacia sectores a los que les es difícil adaptarse al sistema productivo y se destaca la función de las ciencias sociales como facilitadoras de recursos simbólicos necesarios para tramitar el malestar contemporáneo en sujetos y comunidades que han sido desechados por el sistema.
Age estimation by pulp/tooth area and width ratios in panoramic images of upper and lower canines among the Iranian population
Authors: Bardal Roghieh , Soltani Mitra 
Published: December 2021

Objective: One of the techniques of estimating age in forensic medicine, which is associated with the least trauma in both living individuals and corpses, is to use teeth. Accordingly, the present study aims to determine the relationship between chronological age and pulp-to-tooth area ratio and pulp-to-root width ratio in maxillary and mandibular canines on panoramic radiographs among the Iranian population. Material and Methods: A total of 162 panoramic radiographs were evaluated in the present study. Selected patients were of verified age with the age range of 15-45 years. The pulp-to-tooth area ratio (PTR) and the pulp-to-root width ratio were calculated with AutoCAD 2016 software program in maxillary and mandibular canines at two points of the root. The two points include cemento-enamel Junction (CEJ) and pulp/root width at the quarter of a distance between CEJ and end point of root-canal, which was named WA, WB respectively. The patients’ age was also estimated with the use of linear regression equation. Then each patient’s chronological age and the age estimated using this technique was compared. Results: The relationship between PTR in both canines and WB variable in maxilla with chronological age was inverse and significant (P < 0.05); However, there was no strong correlation coefficient (r Gender had no effect on the results of the study. The mean difference between predicted age and actual age with combined PTR and WB formula was lower than 1 year. When the mean of PTR or WB variables was considered as a predictor, significant results were obtained (P < 0.05), showing a decrease in Standard error of estimation (SEE). The results were not significant when variables of upper PTR and lower PTR and the interaction between them were included in the linear regression model (p > 0.05). Same results were obtained with the variable of WB. Conclusion: Combining the variables of PTR and WB gives better results than using variables alone. Estimation of age with the mean of each variable shows less error than their combination.

Keywords
Age determination; Canine; Panoramic radiography.
Randomized comparative study in the treatment of oral leucoplakia with laser and conventional surgery
Authors: Petrov Petko Georgiev , Daskalov Hristo Ivanov , Dinkova Atanaska Spasova 
Published: December 2021

Objective: High-energy lasers are used as an alternative to surgical treatment of potentially malignant disorders in the oral cavity. The present article aims to make a prospective randomised comparative clinical assessment of the effect of laser surgery and conventional surgery in the treatment of oral leukoplakia (OL). Materials and methods: In the study were included 89 patients with histologically confirmed oral leukoplakia lesions. Laser excision of the lesions using Er YAG laser was performed in 36 of the patients, while standard surgical excision was used in 53 of the cases. Following clinical assessment comparing the two treatment methods was conducted based on: pain, wound healing, infection and recurrence of the lesions. Results: A statistically significant difference between two groups according pain in the postoperative period was found. Patients treated with laser ablation experienced far less pain than those treated with surgical excision. The healing time was significantly faster in the group treated with Er YAG laser, and regarding the occurrence of postoperative infections, the results of the two methods did not differ significantly. Recurrence was observed earlier in the group treated with laser ablation, but the levels align over a longer period of time. Conclusion: Er YAG laser ablation is a contemporary method for the treatment of oral leukoplakia without dysplasia, providing similar success, compared to conventional surgical excision, with less postoperative discomfort for the patients.

Keywords
Er YAG laser; Leukoplakia; Potentially malignant disorders.
Awareness and precaution attitude of dentists as regards to risks associated with exposure to COVID-19
Authors: Benli Merve , Huck Olivier , Ozcan Mutlu 
Published: December 2021

Objective: Dentists need a high level of awareness to limit the spread of COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019). This study aimed to evaluate the level of awareness and attitude regarding the risk associated with dental procedures among dentists. Material and Methods: An online questionnaire was submitted to dentists between April- May 2020. The questionnaire form included questions related to demographic data, the transmission characterization of SARS-CoV-2, and treatment of COVID-19 patients. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS V23 and chi-square test (p 0.05). Results: A total of 3825 participants (29.1 7.6 years) were included. In COVID-19, the riskiest dental branch in terms of the risk of contamination through saliva was considered to be Periodontics (32.2%), while the least risky branch was Orthodontics (0.2%). Specific dental treatment procedures considered at high risk of contamination were tooth preparation (69.4%), scaling and root planing (63.5%), filling (53.4%), and pulpectomy (40.5%). The parameters of the study that differed according to gender and professional status were the viability of the virus, the risk assessment, saliva contamination risk, and aerosol-generating activities for COVID-19 (p 0.05). Conclusion: Dentists were aware of the risk assessment and extra precautionary methods. However, they had limited knowledge about the viability of the virus. Dentists should be aware of recommended approaches and update their knowledge about COVID-19 to limit the spread of the disease. Since dentistry is an area suitable for the transmission of the COVID-19, the fact that dentists have information about the viability of this virus will be lifesaving in clinical applications.
Keywords
COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Dentistry; Risk; Viability.
The second wave of COVID-19 results in outbreak of mucormycosis: diabetes and immunological perspective
Authors: Ahirwar Ashok kumar , Kaim Kirti , Ahirwar Pradeep , Kumawat Rajani 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the potential relationship between COVID-19 pandemic and mucormycosis outbreak.

Methods
PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar were searched for the term “COVID-19 and mucormycosis” up to May 31, 2021.

Results
After the second wave of COVID-19, the mucormycosis outbreak complicates the natural course of COVID-19. COVID-19 patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus with diabetic ketoacidosis, excessive glucocorticoid use, prolonged neutropenia, malnutrition and any underlying immunocompromised conditions are at risk of developing mucormycosis.

Conclusions
Hyperglycaemia impairs the motility of phagocytes and also decreases the oxidative and non-oxidative mechanism of killing the causative pathogen. Chronic hyperglycemia also leads to the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGE), which leads to cross-linking between key proteins of inflammation and connective tissue such as collagen which makes tissue susceptible to immunological dysregulation. The receptor for AGE (RAGE) is expressed on various inflammatory cells including neutrophils and its activation by AGEs leads to activation of many down signaling pathways which ultimately leads to impairment of the inflammatory response. Hyperglycemia also increases serum Nitric Oxide (NO), which decreases neutrophil motility and reduces the synthesis and release of various inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and IL-1β, IL-6. It also decreases the expression of adhesion molecules such as LFA-1 and ICAM-2, on neutrophils. Steroids cause immunosuppression majorly by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway which is a transcription factor involved in the synthesis of many immunological mediators such as Interleukins, cytokines, chemokines, etc., and various adhesion molecules.
Intercultural Dialogues in Third Spaces: A Study of Learning Experiences of Museum Visitors
Authors: Du Juana , Cui Mingshi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBodo (2012) called for the need of museum exhibitions to create “third spaces” where individuals can cross the boundaries of belonging (both physical and psychological) to engage in intercultural dialogues. The imaginary cultural space of museum has propelled us into a realization that we are in an era where interculturality, transculturalism, and the eventual prospect of identifying a cosmopolitan citizenship can become a reality. Predicated on a five-month ethnography work at a provincial museum in British Columbia, Canada, this research explores the following questions: how have cultural and historical museum exhibitions put us in contact with theotherand foster an understanding of theother? And how has transculturalism led to the establishment of a cosmopolitan citizenship? This study lends support to the potentiality of a cultural and historical museum transforming into “third spaces” where visitors may actively engage in exploration of complex multitudes of cultural identities and cosmopolitan citizenship. The findings of this study contribute to the literature on “third spaces” and transculturalism by providing an empirical study of learning experiences of visitors in museums. It reaffirms the notion of transculturalism by proposing a new humanism in recognition of theother, and in expressing oneself in a conscious subjective manner with cultural empathy. From a practical perspective, it suggests that in order to encourage international visitors to cross the cultural and psychological boundaries and engage in dialogues, the museum professionals may design interactive programs in a creative manner. It also suggests that museum administrators improve their services to more diverse groups of visitors to enhance inclusiveness.
Hearing loss and brain disorders: A review of multiple pathologies
Authors: Oluwole Oluwafemi Gabriel , James Kili , Yalcouye Abdoulaye , Wonkam Ambroise 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Several causative factors are associated with hearing loss (HL) and brain disorders. However, there are many unidentified disease modifiers in these conditions. Our study summarised the most common brain disorders associated with HL and highlighted mechanisms of pathologies. We searched the literature for published articles on HL and brain disorders. Alzheimer’s disease/dementia, Parkinson’s disease, cognitive impairment, autism spectrum disorder, ataxia, epilepsy, stroke, and hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy majorly co-interact with HL. The estimated incidence rate was 113 per 10,000 person-years. Genetic, epigenetic, early life/neonatal stress, hypoxia, inflammation, nitric oxide infiltration, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and excess glutamate were the distinguished modifiers identified. Various mechanisms like adhesion molecules, transport proteins, hair cell apoptosis, and neurodegeneration have been implicated in these conditions and are serving as potential targets for therapies. To improve the quality of life of patients, these understandings will improve clinical diagnoses and management of HL and brain disorders.
Key role of surface plasmon polaritons in generation of periodic surface structures following single-pulse laser irradiation of a gold step edge
Authors: Terekhin Pavel N. , Oltmanns Jens , Blumenstein Andreas , Ivanov Dmitry S. , Kleinwort Frederick , Garcia Martin E. , Rethfeld Baerbel , Ihlemann Jürgen , Simon Peter 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms and controlling the possibilities of surface nanostructuring is of crucial interest for both fundamental science and application perspectives. Here, we report a direct experimental observation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) formed near a predesigned gold step edge following single-pulse femtosecond laser irradiation. Simulation results based on a hybrid atomistic-continuum model fully support the experimental observations. We experimentally detect nanosized surface features with a periodicity of ∼300 nm and heights of a few tens of nanometers. We identify two key components of single-pulse LIPSS formation: excitation of surface plasmon polaritons and material reorganization. Our results lay a solid foundation toward simple and efficient usage of light for innovative material processing technologies.
Modeling and analysis of 3D radiative heat transfer in combustor
Authors: Zhou Yue , Zhu Xijuan , Guo Qisheng , Qi Pengcheng , Ma Jing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Compared with wall emission, gas thermal radiation is much more complicated because of its nongray and volumetric property. In this paper, a numerical method is established to calculate 3D radiative heat transfer in combustor by modelling radiative transfer as well as nongray radiative properties of combustion gases. Energy exchanges caused by thermal radiation and conduction are calculated and compared in a rectangular combustor, which shows the significant role of thermal radiation in heating fuel-air mixtures and prompting internal combustion reactions. Besides, radiative heat flux on the wall is also quite obvious although a non-contacting flow case, revealing the special challenges for thermal protections brought by radiant energy. Lastly, increasing the working pressure means much more participating species in radiative transfer process and the radiative effects will be also magnified. The numerical method in this paper provides a direct technique to analyze the role of thermal radiation in complex thermochemical reactions while the application case proves the necessity of coupling a high-accuracy radiation model when simulating combustion and flame propagation.
Subacute thyroiditis post-Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccination for COVID-19
Authors: Khan Farooq , Brassill Mary Jane 
Published: December 2021

Summary
There is emerging evidence of an association between COVID-19 vaccination and subacute thyroiditis. We present the case of a 42-year-old female healthcare worker who was diagnosed with subacute thyroiditis 4 days after receiving her second dose of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine. Her clinical course followed the classical pattern for thyroiditis with spontaneous return to euthyroidism at 6 months post-presentation. The autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants has been implicated as a cause of autoimmune conditions post-vaccination and is a potential mechanism for subacute thyroiditis in our case.

Learning points

Subacute thyroiditis should be considered in all patients who receive any kind of vaccine for COVID-19 and subsequently develop symptoms or signs of hyperthyroidism or neck pain.

Subacute thyroiditis is a self-limiting condition, and recognising it is important as no specific thyroid treatment (antithyroid drugs or thyroid hormone replacement) is necessary for most patients.

The autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants may be an under-recognised cause of endocrinopathies and should particularly be considered post-vaccination.
Okoliczności wyłączające zawarcie małżeństwa w Kodeksie Prawa Kanoniczego z 1983 roku
Authors: Frąszczak Monika 
Published: December 2021

W Kodeksie Prawa Kanonicznego z 1983 r. zostały ustanowione okoliczności wyłączające zawarcie małżeństwa, określane również jako przeszkody małżeńskie. Istnienie przeszkód małżeńskich ma na celu prawną ochronę instytucji małżeństwa, nie zaś ograniczenie prawa do zawarcia małżeństwa. Katalog tychże okoliczności obejmuje 12 przeszkód małżeńskich: przeszkodę wieku, impotencji, węzła małżeńskiego, różnej religii, święceń, wieczystego publicznego ślubu czystości złożonego w instytucie zakonnym, uprowadzenia, występku, pokrewieństwa, powinowactwa, przyzwoitości publicznej oraz pokrewieństwa prawnego. Przeszkody te rozróżnia się ze względu na źródło pochodzenia, zakres, czas trwania, czas powstania, stopień pewności oraz możliwość dyspensowania. W niniejszym artykule zaprezentowano nie tylko poszczególne przeszkody, ale również zdefiniowano pojęcie przeszkody oraz ich typologię.
Odpowiedzialność wykroczeniowa duchownego za zorganizowanie w ramach działalności kościoła lub związku wyznaniowego zgromadzenia w sposób niezgodny z rygorami sanitarnymi narzuconymi przez państwo
Authors: Buczek Łukasz 
Published: December 2021

Przedmiotem opracowania jest rozważenie kwestii odpowiedzialności wykroczeniowej duchownego za zorganizowanie w ramach działalności kościoła lub związku wyznaniowego zgromadzenia w sposób niezgodny z rygorami narzuconymi przez państwo. W tym celu autor, bazując na metodzie dogmatycznoprawnej, analizuje wydane w trakcie stanu epidemii rozwiązania normatywne i ocenia ich konstytucyjną poprawność, by następnie poddać pod rozwagę możliwość zastosowania art. 54 i art. 116 § 1a Kodeksu wykroczeń. Przeprowadzone analizy doprowadziły do stwierdzenia, iż prawodawca tworzył w początkowym etapie epidemii prawo w sposób daleki od doskonałego, w tym przekraczając przysługujące mu uprawnienia. Tym samym ograniczone – ale nie niemożliwe – jest wyciągnięcie odpowiedzialności wykroczeniowej w analizowanym zakresie.
The Role of the Catholic Church in Facilitating Implementation of Constitutional Guarantees of Cultural Rights During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kosińska Anna Magdalena 
Published: December 2021

According to the research thesis presented in this article, the Catholic Church plays a special role in providing direct access to national cultural assets. The article analyses the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland guaranteeing cultural rights in the light of other provisions of the Constitution, including the principle of subsidiarity and the common good, as well as guarantees granted to religious associations. Moreover, the study analyses the existing provisions of specific acts, Concordat and church law, in order to verify the thesis on the role of the Catholic Church as a depositary of national cultural assets. In the era of the COVID-19 pandemic and the closure of state-run cultural institutions, the Catholic Church allowed direct access to the sacred cultural property owned by the Church, thus facilitating the realization of the cultural rights of citizens of the Republic of Poland.
Metafory wizualne pandemii COVID-19 w memach internetowych
Authors: Szulich-Kałuża Justyna 
Published: December 2021

Zasadniczym celem artykułu jest charakterystyka metafor wizualnych o pandemii COVID-19 w memach internetowych. Struktura artykułu jest następująca: w pierwszej części omawiam zagadnienia teoretyczne dotyczące memów i metafor wizualnych, które są istotne dla dalszych analiz własnych; druga część jest poświęcona metodologii i analizom szczegółowym wybranych przykładów memowych metafor wizualnych pandemii. Poruszone zostały cztery zagadnienia: jakie są dwa terminy metafory — domena źródłowa i docelowa; który termin jest domeną docelową metafory, a który domeną źródłową; jakie cechy domeny źródłowej są mapowane do domeny docelowej; jakie elementy metafor pierwotnych (primary metaphor) można odszukać w wizualizacjach. Ostatnia część zawiera kilka uwag końcowych o charakterze podsumowującym.
Nuevo diseño y aplicación para secadores solares activos y pasivos en la región Huetar Norte de Costa Rica
Authors: Guzmán-Hernández Tomás de Jesús , Obando-Ulloa Javier Mauricio , Castro-Badilla Guillermo , Arguelles Ulloa Valentina , Ortiz-Martínez Jacobo 
Published: December 2021

Los sistemas térmicos solares emplean radiación solar para calentar un fluido, generalmente, constan: de colectores solares que absorben la luz y cubierta de vidrio que protege la instalación y permite conservar el calor, produciendo un efecto invernadero. Según el propósito de uso y las condiciones del lugar pueden presentar modificaciones. Dichos sistemas pueden adaptarse en actividades como la agricultura, por ello, se implementó los sistemas térmicos solares activos forzados híbridos modificados, así como los sistemas pasivos autónomos en diferentes unidades productivas agrícolas y agroindustriales en la región Huetar Norte de Costa Rica. La instalación de estos sistemas se realizó a través de un programa local piloto, financiado por instituciones gubernamentales, desde el 2016 al 2019 para mejorar el proceso de secado de los productos agrícolas en comparación con los sistemas tradicionales. Se pretende que, con el uso de estos sistemas, se logre disminuir los gases de efecto invernadero, tanto a nivel local como global y que estos sistemas sean una alternativa de producción limpia que mejore la eficiencia energética de pequeños y medianos productores. Los sistemas híbridos forzados están equipados con registro de datos computarizados. Al más actual, se le diseñó y aplicó un suelo radiante, y al pasivo se le adicionó un sistema fotovoltaico de 1 K, el cual le da autonomía. Los resultados han permitido verificar que las unidades productivas beneficiadas mejoraron sus procesos productivos al reducir los tiempos de trabajo y al aumentar la eficiencia de los procesos, la calidad e inocuidad de sus productos.