bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rock in the Musical Theatre
Authors: Church Joseph 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Rock ’n’ roll music and its offshoots, including pop, hard rock, rap, r&b, funk, folk, and many others, have become the standard language of today’s musical theatre. Theatre singers, performers, and coaches need a source of information on these styles, their origins, and their performance practices. Rock in the Musical Theatre: A Guide for Singers fills this need. Today’s musical theatre training programs are now including rock music in their coursework and rock songs and musicals in their repertoires. This is a text for those trainees, mentors, courses, and productions. It will also be of great value to working professionals, teachers, music directors, and coaches less familiar with rock styles, or who want to improve their rock-related skills. The author, an experienced music director, vocal coach, and university professor, and an acknowledged expert on rock music in the theatre, examines the many aspects of performing rock music in the theatre and offers practical advice through a combination of aesthetic and theoretical study; extensive discussions of musical, vocal, and acting techniques; and chronicles of coaching sessions. The book also includes advice from working actors, casting directors, and music directors who specialize in rock music for the stage.
The Facilitators II: Law and ‘Justice’
Authors: Heath Deana 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter continues the exploration of the ways in which torture was facilitated in colonial India begun in Chapter 2 by analysing the role of the judicial system in such a process. It argues that the creation of an enabling legal environment for torture was vital to the construction of India as a regime of exception. The chapter examines how, although extra-legal torture was enshrined as an offence in the Indian Penal Code and other legal provisions were made during the course of the nineteenth century to make it more difficult for the police to commit torture, the law, and with it the wider judicial system, ultimately did little to limit their official discretion to do so, most notably through privileging confessions over other forms of evidence. The chapter also considers the nature and operation of the judicial system in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, particularly how the recruitment and training (or lack thereof) of magistrates and judges, colonial evidentiary norms, the over-reliance on medical testimony, the management of police violence extra-judiciously, and the lack of separation of powers between the judiciary and the executive enabled police torture.
Contact
Authors: Ó Dochartaigh Niall 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Beginning in late 1973, there was a step change in communication between the IRA leadership and the British government. The back-channel that hitherto had involved little more than the exchange of political thinking was used increasingly for negotiation on urgent issues including kidnappings, hunger strikes, and the legalization of Sinn Féin. Chapter Four examines the modes of reciprocal exchange and protocols for communication that developed over the course of 1974. It highlights the close involvement of the British Prime Minister and other government ministers in the exchanges and it examines the use of the back-channel to clarify the meaning of public statements. This series of exchanges in 1974 allowed both parties to test whether their interlocutors really had the authority to make commitments and the power to deliver on them. The exchanges contributed to the building of limited trust between the IRA leadership and the British government as each side learned that the other would stand by commitments, respect the integrity of protocols for communication, and not abuse contact for direct military or political advantage. This new communication infrastructure, reinforced by repeated interaction and exchanges, provided a strong foundation for the subsequent intensification and deepening of political engagement.
British Policy and IRA Strategy
Authors: Ó Dochartaigh Niall 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Provisional IRA campaign was finally ended through an inclusive negotiated peace agreement that saw it decommission its weapons and effectively disband. Much research on peace agreements emphasizes the pressure on parties to compromise when they reach a stalemate, representing them as pushed into peace. This chapter highlights instead the strategic choices made by the British Government and the IRA as they nudged towards peace. It analyses internal struggles and the importance of leadership and explains the reasons for the deep shifts in British policy and republican strategy from the mid-1980s onwards.
Peace Process
Authors: Ó Dochartaigh Niall 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In February 1993, the British Government received, via the back-channel, a message purported to be from the IRA. It read: ‘The conflict is over but we need your advice on how to bring it to a close.’ This chapter elaborates the sequence of contacts that led to a secret face-to-face meeting between a British government representative and republican leaders for the first time since 1976 and that culminated in a secret IRA ceasefire offer in May 1993. It examines too the influence of the back-channel on the joint declaration by the British and Irish governments in December 1993, that helped to pave the way for an IRA ceasefire in August 1994.
Epilogue
Authors: Ó Dochartaigh Niall 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The epilogue offers a personal account of the author’s initial meeting with intermediary Brendan Duddy in Derry in 1997, their contacts over the following years, and the background to Duddy’s decision to deposit his private papers in the National University of Ireland Galway in 2009. Duddy acted as the primary intermediary between the IRA and the British government during repeated phases of engagement over a span of more than two decades. During all that time his identity was a closely guarded secret. His papers are dominated by three key periods of negotiation: the 1975 IRA ceasefire, the 1981 hunger strike, and the back-channel contacts of the early 1990s.
Women Had to Wait
Authors: Crook Malcolm 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The process of enfranchisement for women would prove still more protracted than for men. Historians highlight the fact that the female vote in France was obtained as late as 1944, almost a century after all males were enfranchised, but this surprising delay can be partly explained by the precocious arrival of universal manhood suffrage in 1848, often simply referred to as ‘universal suffrage’ by contemporaries. Almost everywhere, there was an interval between the award of votes to men and women, usually shorter where full male suffrage arrived later. This ‘gender gap’, which has been the subject of much discussion of late, was thus exaggerated in France, but women themselves were more active and inventive in demanding the franchise than is often supposed. They were standing for election and holding local office before their right to vote was finally recognized, despite the frustration of their demands, which stemmed from a gendered ideology of citizenship and the particular resistance of male politicians in parliament. In the period after the Second World War their apprenticeship in voting was rapidly accomplished and, of late, French women have achieved a high degree of parity in elected office.
The J.K. DecalogueA Paradigm Shift in Dealing with Asylum Cases in Strasbourg?
Authors: Bianku Ledi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter addresses the approach the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) takes in asylum cases from the perspective of international refugee law doctrines. First, the chapter discusses the traditional approach in dealing with asylum cases in Strasbourg, i.e. starting the analysis from the basic promise of the rights of states to control the entry, residence, and expulsion of aliens. The Court considers that this approach is based on well-established international law and the chapter summarises the international law voices that inspire this approach, which has been taken by the Court for almost thirty years. The second part of the chapter analyses the Grand Chamber judgment in the case of J.K. v Sweden and the attempt by the Court, through this judgment, to elaborate general principles applicable in asylum cases in Strasbourg. The analysis of the hierarchy of these ten general principles by the Court in the J.K. judgment stems from the question of whether the Court is modifying its traditional approach in dealing with asylum cases and moving towards a new approach which is inspired by another line of thinking in international law. It also seems that with this new approach the Court gives precedence in its analysis of asylum cases to the absolute character of rights guaranteed by Article 3 of the ECHR. This would make the Court’s analysis of asylum cases more coherent with other cases when Article 3 rights are at stake.
Islamophobia and the ECtHRA Test Case for Positive Subsidiarity for the Protection of Europe’s Long-term Migrants?
Authors: Brems Eva 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A reflection on the human rights of migrants in Europe cannot avoid the issue of racism. Resistance to immigration in Europe is fuelled to a large extent by resistance to the ‘otherness’ of migrants. More specifically, the ‘otherness’ that is most central to today’s debates on migration and integration in Europe is Islam. Thus, racism is commonly expressed as Islamophobia, and Islamophobia is both expressed in, and fuelled by, rights-restrictive rules that specifically target Islamic practices. The focus of the analysis in this chapter is on the messages the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) is sending to national authorities regarding their approaches to multicultural conflicts over Islamic minority practices. This is situated in the framework of ‘positive subsidiarity’. It is argued that, even when the margin of appreciation is a wide one, the Court has a responsibility to offer guidance to states parties on three levels: substantive, procedural, and discursive. The chapter then explores the messages sent by the Court to states parties in the field of the restriction of Islamic minority practices. First it does so by comparing what is widely considered the Court’s ‘worst practice’ in this field—the face veil cases—with its ‘best practice’ in a different, but comparable field—the ‘gay propaganda’ cases. After that, the chapter continues the analysis on the basis of a broader case law corpus that includes all cases regarding the accommodation of Islamic practice in countries in which Islam is a minority religion.
Do We Need Data Protection at All?
Authors: Hallinan Dara 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter assesses whether there is any need to consider European data protection law as a framework for the protection of genetic privacy in biobanking in Europe at all. To answer the question, the chapter conducts a thought experiment and examines what the standard of protection in Europe would look like if one were to exclude data protection law from consideration. This is merely a thought experiment, as data protection already plays, and will continue to play, a significant role in the protection of genetic privacy in biobanking in Europe. The exercise is enlightening, however, in showing the extent of flaws in protection in European legal systems stripped of data protection. In this regard, the chapter then maps the protection provided to genetic privacy in biobanking by the EU's, and three European states'—Estonia, Germany, and the UK—legal systems. It then engages in a critical analysis, highlighting the significant inadequacy of the protection provided by these systems excluding data protection law. Finally, the chapter shows why, generally, European data protection law under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) looks a viable solution to address the problems displayed by other approaches.
Testing the GDPR in Relation to Biobanking
Authors: Hallinan Dara 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter addresses how the biobanking process—in the instances in which it falls within the scope of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)—is classified under the GDPR's classification systems. These classification systems do not, themselves, constitute substantive provisions; they do not consist of rights or obligations. They are, however, key in determining the types of actors to whom substantive provisions apply and the way in which substantive provisions apply. The chapter begins with a detailed elaboration of the GDPR's two key classification systems: the actor classification system and the personal data classification system. It then describes how the actor classification system applies to actors involved in the biobanking process, focusing on the applicability of the concepts of ‘data subject’, ‘data controller’, and ‘data processor’. Finally, the chapter considers how the personal data classification system applies to personal data processed in biobanking, looking, in particular, at the applicability of the concepts of ‘genetic data’ and ‘data concerning health’.
Medical Benefit-Risk Determination
Authors: Perakslis Eric D. , Stanley Martin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The basis of biomedical products regulation is the determination and comparison between the benefits and risks, or side effects, of the product examined in the context of medical need. High benefit, low-risk drugs such as anti-inflammatories are available over the counter and at the discretion of patients for minor aches and pains. The horrible side effects of platinum-based chemotherapies used intravenously to treat certain cancers are reserved for more dire medical circumstances and are only administered under strict medical supervision. The knowledge behind these practices and the controlling regulations have been developed via rigorous clinical trials and decades of clinician experiences. But how to assess the benefits and risks of rapidly emerging digital health tools and capabilities, most of which defy current regulatory categorization? Clearly, new qualitative and quantitative models of medical benefits and risks are needed.
A Review of Psychological Well-Being and Mortality Risk
Authors: Trudel-Fitzgerald Claudia , Kubzansky Laura D. , VanderWeele Tyler J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Psychological well-being (PWB) is associated with lower chronic disease and mortality risk and may be enhanced with relatively low-cost interventions. Such interventions target specific dimensions of PWB (e.g., optimism, purpose in life), although distinct PWB dimensions may differentially impact physical health outcomes. The effectiveness of PWB interventions to improve physical health will be limited and difficult to assess without attention to these dimensions. Research has considered multiple PWB dimensions in relation to mortality risk, but a comparison of findings across studies has not been done. The authors summarize the relationships between all-cause mortality and multiple dimensions of PWB (e.g., life purpose, mastery, positive affect, life satisfaction, optimism). They then review biological (e.g., inflammation, antioxidants) and behavioral (e.g., smoking, physical activity) mechanistic pathways that could explain these associations. The authors discuss methodological considerations targeting the protective role of PWB in risk of mortality (and other health-related outcomes) and offer recommendations for future directions.
The International Council for Traditional Music and Society for Ethnomusicology
Authors: Pettan Svanibor 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe notion of transforming the discipline, as suggested by the books’ title, is directly linked to the first joint scholarly meeting of the International Council for Traditional Music and Society for Ethnomusicology that took place as late as 2015, more than six decades after their foundations. This chapter offers historical, comparative, and personal insights into the two major scholarly associations in the field, creating a basis for an informed comprehension of ethnomusicological praxis discussed in other chapters. Distinctive and, in the beginning, hardly compatible intellectual histories of ICTM and SEM offer a key to understanding different attitudes toward activism and community engagement in both spatial and temporal terms. The chapter pays attention to the increasing interconnectedness, as well, and to the importance of shared members for cross-fertilization of ideas.
Praxis through HONK!
Authors: Liebman Becky 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis chapter traces the recent rise of activist street bands in the United States (mainly brass, woodwinds, and percussion—loud, lively, and mobile), and places them in an historical context, with specific attention to how bands across the country are experimenting to achieve the greatest social impact. In 2006, organizers in Somerville, Massachusetts, created the first festival for the gathering of activist street bands under the polysemic term “HONK!” They noted that bands honk their horns for the same reasons motorists honk: “to arouse fellow travelers, to warn of danger, to celebrate milestones, and to just plain have fun.” In the ensuing years, HONK! festivals quickly emerged in Seattle, New York, Providence, Austin, and Detroit. Participating bands draw from many musical traditions, including New Orleans, Balkan, Brazilian, and pop. Band members, generally amateurs, learn music aurally and/or through written music, allowing for a wide level of ability, often inspiring onlookers to play. Some bands have leaders; many are leaderless. In the public and digital commons, activist street bands attract attention. This chapter asks probing questions about whether they have an impact. What are the lessons learned about how best to partner with nonprofit organizations, NGOs, or campaigns to convey the desired messages? What significance do gender, ethnicity, and class have in these partnerships?
Atomism in the Aeneid
Authors: Gorey Matthew M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis book examines the role of philosophical metaphor and allegory in the Aeneid, focusing on tendentious allusions to Lucretian atomism. It argues that Virgil, drawing upon a popular strain of anti-atomist and anti-Epicurean arguments in Greek philosophy, deploys atomic imagery as a symbol of cosmic and political disorder. The first chapter of this study investigates the development of metaphors and analogies in philosophical texts ranging from Aristotle to Cicero that equate atomism with cosmological caprice and instability. The following three chapters track how Virgil applies this interpretation of Epicurean physics to the Aeneid, in which chaotic atomic imagery is associated with various challenges to the poem’s dominant narrative of divine order and Roman power. For Aeneas, the specter of atomic disorder arises at moments of distress and hesitation, while the association of various non-Trojan characters with atomism characterizes them as agents of violent disorder needing to be contained or vanquished. The final chapter summarizes findings, showing how Virgilian allusion to Lucretian physics often conflates poetic, political, and cosmological narratives, blurring the boundaries between their respective modes of discourse and revealing a general preference for hierarchical, teleological models of order.
The Ubiquitous Presidency
Authors: Scacco Joshua M. , Coe Kevin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
American democracy is in a period of striking tumult. The clash of a rapidly changing socio-technological environment and the traditional presidency has led to an upheaval in the scope and standards of executive leadership. Research on the presidency, although abundant, has been slow to adjust to changing realities associated with digital technologies, diverse audiences, and new political practices. Meanwhile, journalists and the public continue to encounter and shape emerging presidential efforts in deeply consequential ways. This book offers a comprehensive framework for understanding contemporary presidential communication: the ubiquitous presidency. Presidents harness new opportunities in the media environment to create a nearly constant and highly visible presence in political and nonpolitical arenas. They do this by trying to achieve longstanding presidential goals, namely visibility, adaptation, and control. However, in an environment where accessibility, personalization, and pluralism are omnipresent considerations, the strategies presidents use to achieve their goals are very different from what we once knew. Using this novel framework, the book undertakes one of the most expansive analyses of presidential communication to date. A wide variety of approaches—ranging from surveys and survey-experiments, to large-scale automated content and network analyses, to qualitative textual analysis—uncover new aspects of the intricate relationship between the president, news media, and the public. Focusing on the presidency since Ronald Reagan, and devoting particular attention to the cases of Barack Obama and Donald Trump, the book uncovers remarkable shifts in communication that test the institution of the presidency and, consequently, democratic governance itself.
Conclusion
Authors: Hamblin Jacob Darwin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
By reframing our understanding of nuclear issues, we can see more clearly the intersection of the so-called peaceful atom with seemingly disconnected topics, including racism, colonialism and neocolonialism, propaganda, surveillance and control, weapons programs, and war. When we acknowledge these connections, the centrality of a cornucopian narrative emerges—one that counts on remaking nature, quickening its pulse, or avoiding environmental dangers—as an unmistakable feature of atomic energy when pursued by governments. If that is the case, we must begin to acknowledge that these particular ideas are deeply embedded in the same range of difficult and ugly global questions. The cornucopian promise of the atom has been an extraordinary useful instrument of power. It was not a marginal issue in the global nuclear order. Instead, it has been the one indispensable piece of it.
Conclusion
Authors: Lauve-Moon Katie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This concluding chapter demonstrates the concept of the stained-glass labyrinth by providing an overview of gendered barriers identified in each chapter and ways different types of gendered organizational processes reinforce normative gender structure both within these organizations and in broader society. It illustrates how gendered processes on the individual, interactional, organizational, and societal levels are mutually reinforcing in ways that result in unequal outcomes between men and women. In particular, this chapter illustrates how normative gender structure within CBF congregations presents barriers for women pastors in these contexts thereby reinforcing their underrepresentation in leadership positions. Finally, this chapter reiterates previous chapters by emphasizing organizational (structural) change. Instead of exclusively expecting women pastors to adopt strategies to maneuver better through organizational gendered barriers and resist sexism, this work calls on organizations to change the gender structure itself so that women no longer have to clear unequal and sizeable hurdles on their paths to pastoral positions and in their positions as pastors. For it is only through structural change that gender equality can be fully realized.