bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimal anterior and posterior combined transpetrosal approach for large petroclival meningiomas
Authors: Morisako Hiroki , Ohata Hiroki , Shinde Bharat , Nagahama Atsufumi , Watanabe Yusuke , Goto Takeo 
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVEPetroclival meningiomas (PCMs) remain difficult to remove, and radical tumor resection continues to pose a relatively high risk of neurological morbidity in patients with these lesions because of the proximity of the tumor to neurovascular structures. The anterior and posterior combined (APC) transpetrosal approach allows resection of a large petroclival lesion with minimal retraction of the temporal lobe. However, this approach is thought to be complex and time-consuming. The authors simplified this approach by minimizing the petrosectomy and used this method for large PCMs. This retrospective study describes the surgical technique and surgical outcomes of large PCMs.METHODSBetween 2014 and 2019, 23 patients (19 women and 4 men) with benign (WHO grade I) PCMs were treated using the minimal APC (MAPC) transpetrosal approach. The mean age at surgery was 54.0 years (range 37–74 years). The mean tumor diameter was 40.3 mm (range 30–74 mm). The surgical technique consisted of a temporo-suboccipital craniotomy and minimal drilling of the petrous ridge. After opening Meckel’s cave and removing the lesion at the prepontine cistern, drilling of the petrous apex with superior mobilization of the trigeminal nerve was performed through the subdural space for further tumor resection around the petrous apex. Finally, the tumor was removed as much as possible.RESULTSThe mean preoperative and postoperative tumor volumes were 26.8 and 1.3 cm3, respectively. The mean extent of resection was 95.4% (range 62%–100%). Postoperative impairments included facial numbness in 7 patients, trochlear nerve palsy in 3 patients, mild oculomotor nerve palsy in 2 patients, and transient abducens nerve palsy in 1 patient. Preoperative Karnofsky Performance Status was improved in 13 patients, remained stable in 9 patients, and deteriorated in 1 patient.CONCLUSIONSThe MAPC transpetrosal approach provides sufficiently wide exposure of petroclival lesions. Maximal resection via the MAPC transpetrosal approach is a suitable surgical option for the treatment of large PCMs.
Intraoperative continuous vagus nerve monitoring with repetitive direct stimulation in surgery for jugular foramen tumors
Authors: Matsushima Ken , Kohno Michihiro , Ichimasu Norio , Tanaka Yujiro , Nakajima Nobuyuki , Yoshino Masanori 
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVESurgery for tumors around the jugular foramen has significant risks of dysphagia and vocal cord palsy due to possible damage to the lower cranial nerve functions. For its treatment, long-term tumor control by maximum resection while avoiding permanent neurological damage is required. To accomplish this challenging goal, the authors developed an intraoperative continuous vagus nerve monitoring system and herein report their experience with this novel neuromonitoring method.METHODSFifty consecutive patients with tumors around the jugular foramen (34 jugular foramen schwannomas, 11 meningiomas, 3 hypoglossal schwannomas, and 2 others) who underwent microsurgical resection under continuous vagus nerve monitoring within an 11-year period were retrospectively investigated. Evoked vagus nerve electromyograms were continuously monitored by direct 1-Hz stimulation to the nerve throughout the microsurgical procedure.RESULTSThe average resection rate was 96.2%, and no additional surgery was required in any of the patients during the follow-up period (average 65.0 months). Extubation immediately after surgery and oral feeding within 10 days postoperatively were each achieved in 49 patients (98.0%). In 7 patients (14.0%), dysphagia and/or hoarseness were mildly worsened postoperatively at the latest follow-up, but tracheostomy or gastrostomy was not required in any of them. Amplitude preservation ratios on intraoperative vagus nerve electromyograms were significantly smaller in patients with postoperative worsening of dysphagia and/or hoarseness (cutoff value 63%, sensitivity 86%, specificity 79%).CONCLUSIONSIntraoperative continuous vagus nerve monitoring enables real-time and quantitative assessment of vagus nerve function and is important for avoiding permanent vagus nerve palsy, while helping to achieve sufficient resection of tumors around the jugular foramen.
Quality of life in children with hydrocephalus treated with endoscopic third ventriculostomy
Authors: Ros-Sanjuán Ángela , Iglesias-Moroño Sara , Ros-López Bienvenido , Rius-Díaz Francisca , Delgado-Babiano Andrea , Arráez-Sánchez Miguel Ángel 
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVE
The objectives of this study were to determine the quality of life of a pediatric cohort with hydrocephalus treated by endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV), using the Hydrocephalus Outcome Questionnaire–Spanish version (HOQ-Sv), and study the clinical and radiological factors associated with a better or worse functional status.

METHODS
This cross-sectional study was undertaken between September 2018 and December 2019. It comprised a series of 40 patients ranging from 5 to 18 years old with hydrocephalus treated by ETV. ETV was considered to be successful if there was no need for surgery for the treatment of hydrocephalus after a minimum follow-up of 6 months. The clinical variables included gender, age at hydrocephalus diagnosis, age at the time of ETV, age at completion of the questionnaire, etiology and type of hydrocephalus (communicating or not), prior shunt, repeat ETV, number of neurosurgical procedures, number of epileptic seizures, presenting signs, and follow-up duration until last office revision. The radiological variables were the Evans Index and the pre- and posttreatment frontooccipital horn ratio. An analysis was conducted of the association between all these variables and the various dimensions on the HOQ-Sv, completed by the parents of the patients via telephone or in the outpatient offices.

RESULTS
The mean age of the children at ETV was 7 years (range 7–194 months), and on completing the questionnaire was 12 years (range 60–216 months). The mean HOQ scores were as follows: overall 0.82, physical domain 0.86, social-emotional (SE) domain 0.84, cognitive domain 0.75, and utility score 0.90. A history of epileptic crises was a predictive factor for a worse score overall and in the SE and cognitive domains. Factors related to a worse score in the physical domain were a previous shunt, the number of procedures, and the etiology and type of hydrocephalus. The mean follow-up duration from ETV to the last office visit was 5 years (64.5 months). No association was found between the degree of ventricular reduction and the quality of life.

CONCLUSIONS
The factors related to a worse score in the different dimensions of the HOQ were a history of epileptic seizures, the number of procedures, communicating hydrocephalus, and having had a previous valve. No association was found between the reduction in ventricular size and the quality of life as measured on the HOQ-Sv.
Current treatment and recent progress in gastric cancer
Authors: Joshi Smita S. , Badgwell Brian D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGastric cancer is not a top‐10 malignancy in the United States but represents one of the most common causes of cancer death worldwide. Biological differences between tumors from Eastern and Western countries add to the complexity of identifying standard‐of‐care therapy based on international trials. Systemic chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy all have proven efficacy in gastric adenocarcinoma; therefore, multidisciplinary treatment is paramount to treatment selection. Triplet chemotherapy for resectable gastric cancer is now accepted and could represent a plateau of standard cytotoxic chemotherapy for localized disease. Classification of gastric cancer based on molecular subtypes is providing an opportunity for personalized therapy. Biomarkers, in particular microsatellite instability (MSI), programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), tumor mutation burden, and Epstein‐Barr virus, are increasingly driving systemic therapy approaches and allowing for the identification of populations most likely to benefit from immunotherapy and targeted therapy. Significant research opportunities remain for the less differentiated histologic subtypes of gastric adenocarcinoma and those without markers of immunotherapy activity.
Risk factors for acute kidney injury in postoperative cardiac surgery
Authors: Costa Mario Augusto Cray da , Kuchller Stella , Botta Vanessa Carolina , Schuinski Adriana de Fátima Menegat , Souza Ana Carolina Mello Fontoura de 
Published: February 2021

Objective: To evaluate the perioperative risk factors associated with postoperative AKI in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methodology: Between January 2011 and December 2017, we analyzed prospectively 544 patients, who were divided into two groups: patients with acute kidney injury associated with cardiac surgery (AKI-ACS) defined as an increase of 0.3 mg/dL or 1.5 times the baseline serum creatinine value and control group formed by patients without AKI-ACS. We compared patients and surgical variables using the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and mann-Whitney test and logistic regression. Results: AKI-ACS occurred in 29.8% of the patients. In the univariate analysis, the following variables presented a statistically significant difference: male gender (p=0.0087), age (p<0.0001), body mass (p=0.035), BMI (p=0.001), thoracic aortic surgery (p=0.029), use of extracorporeal circulation (p=0.012), CPB time (p=0.0001), aortic clamping time (p=0.0029), use of vasoactive drugs in post-operative period (p=0.017), preoperative kidney function (p<0.0001), presence of diabetes mellitus (p=0.008) and NYHA functional class (p=0.041). In the multivariate analysis, the following variables presented a statistical difference: male gender (OR 2.11), higher BMI (OR 2.11), worse preoperative renal function, demonstrated by creatinine clearance (OR 0.13), longer cardiopulmonary bypass (OR 1.008). Conclusion: The independent predictors for LRA-ACC were male gender, higher body mass index, worse preoperative renal function, and more complex surgeries associated with longer cardiopulmonary bypass.
Fatores associados ao clima ético em ambiente hospitalar
Authors: Schutz Thais Costa , Lanes Tais Carpes , Villagran Camila Antunez , Bernardi Camila Milene Soares , Dalmolin Graziele de Lima 
Published: February 2021

Introdução: Os profissionais apresentam diversos problemas relacionados à ética no ambiente de trabalho, logo, um clima ético positivo pode promover satisfação no trabalho e bem-estar social dos profissionais, tendo como objetivo identificar nas produções científicas os fatores associados ao clima ético em ambiente hospitalar. Método: Revisão integrativa realizada a partir da pergunta de pesquisa “Quais os fatores associados ao clima ético em ambiente hospitalar?” A busca foi realizada na base de dados Web Of Science, SAGE Journals Online e Nursing and Allied Health Literature, foram encontrados 399 artigos e selecionados 12 para análise. Resultados: O clima ético apresentou associação com fatores relacionados ao trabalho, como satisfação no trabalho; intensão de rotatividade; comprometimento organizacional; sofrimento moral; liderança; coragem moral; competência profissional; suporte e comportamento organizacional Discussão: Os achados mostraram que há resultados significativos e positivos em relação ao clima ético e fatores associados identificados neste estudo. Assim, apresentando resultados positivos haverá maior compatibilidade para o clima ético ser desejável no ambiente de trabalho. Conclusão: Este estudo mostra que há predomínio de associação entre clima ético e satisfação no trabalho, intensão de rotatividade, e comprometimento organizacional. Enfatiza-se a necessidade de estratégias organizacionais para proporcionar um clima ético de trabalho adequado a fim de garantir a predominância no atendimento. Além disso, é de suma importância fornecer esforços educacionais como orientação e programa de treinamento sobre ética para garantir um domínio de princípios.
Evaluation of 18F-DCFPyL PSMA PET/CT for Prostate Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pan Ke-Hao , Wang Jin-Feng , Wang Chun-Ying , Nikzad Abdul Aziz , Kong Fang Q. , Jian Li , Zhang Yin-Qiu , Lu Xiao-Ming , Xu Bin , Wang Ya-Li , Chen Ming 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundTo systematically review the clinical value of 18F-DCFPyL prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PSMA PET/CT) in the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa).MethodsLiterature concerning 18F-DCFPyL PSMA PET/CT in the diagnosis of prostate cancer published from 2015 to 2020 was electronically searched in the databases including PubMed and Embase. Statistical analysis was carried out with STATA 15 software, and the quality of included studies was tested with quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS) items. The heterogeneity of the included data was tested.ResultsIn total, nine pieces of literature involving 426 patients met the inclusion criteria. The heterogeneity of the study group was not obvious. The SEN, SPE, LR+, LR−, DOR as well as AUC of 18F-DCFPyL PSMA PET/CT diagnosis of prostate cancer were 0.91, 0.90, 8.9, 0.10, 93, and 0.93. The pooled DR of 18F-DCFPyL labeled PSMA PET/CT in PCa was 92%. The pooled DR was 89% for PSA≥0.5 ng/ml and 49% for PSA &lt; 0.5ng/ml.Conclusion18F-DCFPyL PSMA PET/CT had good sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. The DR of 18F-DCFPyL PSMA PET/CT was correlated with PSA value. Further large-sample, high-quality studies were needed.
Genetic Risk Score Increased Discriminant Efficiency of Predictive Models for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using Machine Learning: Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Yikang , Zhang Liying , Niu Miaomiao , Li Ruiying , Tu Runqi , Liu Xiaotian , Hou Jian , Mao Zhenxing , Wang Zhenfei , Wang Chongjian 
Published: February 2021

Background: Previous studies have constructed prediction models for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but machine learning was rarely used and few focused on genetic prediction. This study aimed to establish an effective T2DM prediction tool and to further explore the potential of genetic risk scores (GRS) via various classifiers among rural adults.Methods: In this prospective study, the GRS for a total of 5,712 participants from the Henan Rural Cohort Study was calculated. Cox proportional hazards (CPH) regression was used to analyze the associations between GRS and T2DM. CPH, artificial neural network (ANN), random forest (RF), and gradient boosting machine (GBM) were used to establish prediction models, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and net reclassification index (NRI) were used to assess the discrimination ability of the models. The decision curve was plotted to determine the clinical-utility for prediction models.Results: Compared with the individuals in the lowest quintile of the GRS, the HR (95% CI) was 2.06 (1.40 to 3.03) for those with the highest quintile of GRS (Ptrend &lt; 0.05). Based on conventional predictors, the AUCs of the prediction model were 0.815, 0.816, 0.843, and 0.851 via CPH, ANN, RF, and GBM, respectively. Changes with the integration of GRS for CPH, ANN, RF, and GBM were 0.001, 0.002, 0.018, and 0.033, respectively. The reclassifications were significantly improved for all classifiers when adding GRS (NRI: 41.2% for CPH; 41.0% for ANN; 46.4% for ANN; 45.1% for GBM). Decision curve analysis indicated the clinical benefits of model combined GRS.Conclusion: The prediction model combined with GRS may provide incremental predictions of performance beyond conventional factors for T2DM, which demonstrated the potential clinical use of genetic markers to screen vulnerable populations.Clinical Trial Registration: The Henan Rural Cohort Study is registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Register (Registration number: ChiCTR-OOC-15006699). http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=11375.
Development and Validation of the Knowledge and Attitude Scale Toward COVID-19 Pandemic Breaking Transmission Chain (KA-C) Among Iranian Population
Authors: Abounoori Mahdi , Maddah Mohammad Moein , Sharif Nia Hamid , Rahmatpour Pardis , Khosravifar Shaghayegh , SamadiKouchaksaraei Mohammad , Khosravifar Shahrzad 
Published: February 2021

Objectives:We aimed to develop a scale and evaluate this scale's validity and reliability to measure factors affecting people's knowledge and attitudes toward the pandemic breaking transmission chain.Methods:This exploratory mixed-method study was carried out in two phases: (1) item generation using literature reviews and interviews and, (2) item reduction by psychometric assessments of the developed scale. The face, content, construct (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis), convergent, and discriminant validity of the scale were assessed in the Iranian population (n= 500) from March to June 2020. The Composite Reliability (CR) and the internal consistency correlation coefficient were estimated.Results:The Knowledge and Attitude Scale Toward COVID-19 Pandemic Breaking Transmission Chain (KA-C) among the Iranian population included 18 items. Two factors with a whole variance of 66.05% were identified by exploratory factor analysis. Factors were labeled as “health literacy” and “home health empowerment.” The confirmatory factor analysis showed the goodness of fit. The CR of the scale for first and second factors were 0.965 and 0.833 receptively. The scale's internal consistency correlation coefficient was acceptable (Cronbach's alpha = 0.960 and 0.823, average interitem correlation = 0.643 and 0.635, McDonald's omega = 0.963 and 0.829, for the first and second factor, receptively).Conclusion:The KA-C scale can be exerted to screen the people's knowledge and attitude about the COVID-19 pandemic breaking the transmission chain as a valid and reliable scale for further policymaking, health care providers, and for a multi-dimensional psychosocial assessment of the pandemic period.
Statistical Analysis of the Financial Solvency of the Russian Arctic Regions
Authors: Chapargina A. N. , Dyadik N. V. 
Published: February 2021

The uneven distribution of natural resources on the territory of Russia and the limited ﬁnancial capabilities of the regions of the Russian Federation to exercising their powers, according to the authors, predetermine the relevance of considering the problem of assessing ﬁnancial solvency for each region. The Arctic zone of the Russian Federation as a management object is nowadays an issue of concern from researchers and requires special attention since most of the country’s resource potential is concentrated on its territory. The study aims at a statistical assessment of the ﬁnancial viability of the regions of the Russian Arctic through a correlation analysis aimed at exploring the forms of linking indicators that allow us to identify common and speciﬁc features of their regional development.The article substantiates the system of statistical indicators that directly or indirectly characterize the ﬁnancial solvency of the regions. The analysis of the ﬁnancial solvency of the regions according to the official statistics for the period from 2005 to 2018 was carried out sequentially and in stages: 1st stage - selection of the data array; 2nd stage - formation of a case of ﬁnancial indicators; 3rd stage - building a matrix for correlation analysis; 4th stage - correlation analysis; 5th stage - interpretation of the results.Using the method of correlation analysis, the authors constructed a matrix of correlation pairs, identifying the most relevant ones for assessing the ﬁnancial solvency of the region. Comparative analysis of paired correlation coefficients for the Arctic regions made it possible to assess the relationship between certain directions and features of their development.Assessment of the ﬁnancial independence of the constituent entities is the central problem of balancing regional budgets. In this regard, the results of the study may be of interest to regional and federal authorities for forecasting and strategic planning of the development of the Arctic regions in the face of limited ﬁnancial resources.
Emigration from Belarus: Problems of Underestimation
Authors: Petrakova Yu. N. 
Published: February 2021

The article covers matters of improving measurement on emigration from Belarus. The author views the current role of external migration as a major component of formation of the population in the Republic of Belarus. The effectiveness of the country socio-economic development programs depends, according to the author, on adequate measures for evaluating the phenomenon in question. The article gives a detailed description of national migration statistics, which, as in many countries, underestimates the number of emigrants, and considers the possibilities of the so-called «mirror» statistics (statistics from countries where Belarusian residents emigrate to) in obtaining real information on the size of emigration from Belarus.After the introduction, the author analyses some of the most important publications on the subject under discussion, concludes the current state of current statistics and population censuses. The article contains the rationale for choosing foreign countries whose data are used as «mirror» statistics necessary for a more realistic estimation of emigration processes and comments on the geography of migration ﬂows from Belarus. The author assesses the gap in data from «mirror» statistics and the official Belarusian statistics and gives an opinion on the real trends in migration ﬂows of Belarusian citizens, along with the authors own estimates of the country’s population growth, which differ markedly from official statistics.In the opinion of the author, formulated in the ﬁnal part of the article, the actual amount of the underestimation is considerably higher than can be assumed using «mirror» statistics, because, for example, there is a group of Belarusian citizens in Poland and Russia, that is not reﬂected in official statistics on migrants. The article therefore proposes to establish a system of information exchange between Belarus and the main countries of emigration, especially Russia and Poland, with which it is difficult to assess the extent of emigration based solely on official data, and to establish regular surveys on emigration.
O sistema administrativo micênico a partir dos documentos em Linear B
Authors: Monzani Juliana Caldeira 
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo visa apresentar o sistema administrativo micênico inferido a partir dos documentos em Linear B, em especial os tabletes. A essa discussão acrescenta-se o estudo específico de um tipo de documento: os vasos com alça em estribo. Tais recipientes foram concebidos para armazenamento e transporte de líquidos e variam muito em tamanho e acabamento, indo desde exemplares pequenos e refinados até vasos maiores e rústicos produzidos especificamente para o transporte. Nesta última categoria encontra-se um grupo de vasos que receberam inscrições, tendo sido produzidos, na sua maioria, no oeste de Creta, mas encontrados em grande número no continente, e por isso são peças importantes para elucidar as relações estabelecidas entre os centros administrativos micênicos na Península Balcânica e áreas produtivas em Creta.
LEVIN-RICHARDSON, SARAH. THE BROTHEL OF POMPEII: SEX, CLASS, AND GENDER AT THE MARGINS OF ROMAN SOCIETY. CAMBRIDGE, UK, E NOVA YORK, NY: CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2019. 243 P. ISBN: 978-1-108-49687-2.
Authors: Sparvoli Fabrício 
Published: February 2021

Resenha - LEVIN-RICHARDSON, SARAH. THE BROTHEL OF POMPEII: SEX, CLASS, AND GENDER AT THE MARGINS OF ROMAN SOCIETY. CAMBRIDGE, UK, E NOVA YORK, NY: CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2019. 243 P. ISBN: 978-1-108-49687-2.