bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Modeling and Experimental Research on Position-dependent Behavior of Twin Ball Screw Feed System
Authors: Duan Meng , Lu Hong , Zhang Xinbao , Li Zhangjie , Zhang Yongquan , Yang Minghui , Liu Qi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To establish the dynamic model of machine tool structure is an important means to assess the performance of the machine tool structure during the cutting process. It’s necessary to study the dynamics of the machine tools in different configurations for the sake of analyzing the dynamic behavior of the machine tools in the entire workspace. In this paper, a robust approach is presented to build an efficient and reliable dynamic model to evaluate the position-dependent dynamics of the twin ball screw (TBS) feed system. First, the TBS feed system is divided into several components and a finite element (FE) model is built for each component. Second, the Craig-Bampton method is proposed to reduce the order of the substructures. Third, a multipoint constraints (MPCs) method was introduced to model the mechanical joints substructures of the TBS system, and the spring-damper element (SDE) is employed to connect the condensation nodes. Finally, a series experimental tests and full order FE analysis are conducted on the self-designed TBS worktable in the four positions to validate the effectiveness of the proposed dynamic model. The results show that the proposed approach evaluates accurately the position-dependent behavior of the TBS system.
In-frame deletion in canine PITRM1 is associated with a severe early-onset epilepsy, mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration
Authors: Hytönen Marjo K , Sarviaho Riika , Jackson Christopher B , Syrjä Pernilla , Jokinen Tarja , Matiasek Kaspar , Rosati Marco , Dallabona Cristina , Baruffini Enrico , Quintero Ileana , Arumilli Meharji , Monteuuis Geoffray , Donner Jonas , Anttila Marjukka , Suomalainen Anu , Bindoff Laurence A , Lohi Hannes 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We investigated the clinical, genetic, and pathological characteristics of a previously unknown severe juvenile brain disorder in several litters of Parson Russel Terriers. The disease started with epileptic seizures at 6 to 12 weeks of age and progressed rapidly to status epilepticus and death or euthanasia. Histopathological changes at autopsy were restricted to the brain. There was severe acute neuronal degeneration and necrosis diffusely affecting the grey matter throughout the brain with extensive intraneuronal mitochondrial crowding and accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ). Combined homozygosity mapping and genome sequencing revealed an in-frame 6-bp deletion in the nuclear-encoded pitrilysin metallopeptidase 1 (PITRM1) encoding for a mitochondrial protease involved in mitochondrial targeting sequence processing and degradation. The 6-bp deletion results in the loss of two amino acid residues in the N-terminal part of PITRM1, potentially affecting protein folding and function. Assessment of the mitochondrial function in the affected brain tissue showed a significant deficiency in respiratory chain function. The functional consequences of the mutation were modeled in yeast and showed impaired growth in permissive conditions and an impaired respiration capacity. Loss-of-function variants in human PITRM1 result in a childhood-onset progressive amyloidotic neurological syndrome characterized by spinocerebellar ataxia with behavioral, psychiatric and cognitive abnormalities. Homozygous Pitrm1-knockout mice are embryonic lethal, while heterozygotes show a progressive, neurodegenerative phenotype characterized by impairment in motor coordination and Aβ deposits. Our study describes a novel early-onset PITRM1-related neurodegenerative canine brain disorder with mitochondrial dysfunction, Aβ accumulation, and lethal epilepsy. The findings highlight the essential role of PITRM1 in neuronal survival and strengthen the connection between mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration.
Depletion of Essential Fatty Acids in Muscle Is Associated With Shorter Survival of Cancer Patients Undergoing Surgery
Authors: Bhullar Amritpal S. , Rivas-Serna Irma Magaly , Anoveros-Barrera Ana , Dunichand-Hoedl Abha , Bigam David , Khadaroo Rachel G. , McMullen Todd , Bathe Oliver , Putman Charles T. , Baracos Vickie , Clandinin Michael T. , Mazurak Vera C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Emerging studies are reporting associations between skeletal muscle abnormalities and survival in cancer patients. Cancer prognosis is associated with depletion of essential fatty acids in membrane of blood plasma and serum in humans, however the relationship between skeletal muscle membrane fatty acid composition and survival is unknown. This study investigates the relationship between fatty acid content of phospholipids in skeletal muscle and survival in cancer patients.Methods: Rectus abdominis biopsies were collected during cancer surgery from 35 patients diagnosed with cancer. Thin-layer and gas chromatography were used for quantification of phospholipid fatty acid content of the muscle. Cut-points for fatty acids were established using optimal stratification.Results: Median survival was between 450-500 days when patients had arachidonic acid (AA) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in muscle phospholipid above the cut-point compared to 720-800 days for patients below. Cox regression analysis revealed that low amounts of AA, EPA and DHA are risk factors for death. The risk of death remained significant for AA [HR 3.5 (1.11-10.87), p=0.03], EPA [HR 3.92 (1.1-14.0), p=0.04] and DHA [HR 4.08 (1.1-14.6), p=0.03] when adjusted for sex. Conclusion: Lower amount of essential fatty acids in skeletal muscle membrane is predictor of survival in cancer patients. These results warrant investigation to restore depletion of bioactive fatty acids in cancer.
NSrp70 suppresses metastasis in
triple-negative breast cancer by modulating Numb/TβR1/EMT axis
Authors: Zhao Yang , Sun Hefen , Zhao Yuanyuan , Liu Qiqi , Liu Yang , Hou Yifeng , Jin Wei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Metastasis is a major cause of death in individuals suffering from triple-negative breast cancer. Alternative splicing of mRNA precursor allows cancer cells to create different protein isoforms which may promote metastasis. Quantitative proteomic analysis of primary and metastatic breast cancer cells revealed that nuclear speckle-related protein 70 (NSrp70) was significantly downregulated in highly metastatic cells. Downregulation of NSrp70 promoted the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that NSrp70 inhibited the skipped exon alternative splicing of NUMB, promoted the degradation of TGF-beta receptor 1(TβR1) through lysosome pathway, and regulated TGFβ/SMAD-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, high NSrp70 expression correlated with better prognosis in breast cancer patients. Our findings revealed that splicing regulator NSrp70 may serve as a metastasis suppressor.
Controlled Release of Acetyl Salicylic Acid in Intelligent Hydrogel Based on Cross-linked O-Carboxymethyl Chitosan
Authors: Wu Yiguang , Rajoka Muhammad Shahid Riaz , Zeng Jun , Mehwish Hafiza Mahreen , Liu Wenli , Zhao Liqing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Drug-loading hydrogels were prepared from O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMCS) with a high degree of substitution and different deacetylation degree (DD) using acetylsalicylic acid as drug and glutaraldehyde as a cross-linking agent. Also, the DD’s effect on the controlled drug release performance of drug-loading particle was explored. The results showed that the hydrogels and particles were prepared from 5 g of O-CMCS solution (4.0 wt.%), 2.5 g of sodium acetylsalicylate solution (8.0 wt.%), and 1.5 mL of glutaraldehyde solution (1.0 wt.%). The interior pore size of the particle (DD = 51%) was between 50 and 100µm, and its cumulative drug release ratios in the simulated gastric and intestinal juices were of the top values. The drug release of the drug-loading particle was proved to be obviously pH sensitive and it can be applied as a colonic drug.
Study on Surface Evenness of Super-high-thickness Cutting in High-speed Wire Electrical Discharge Machining
Authors: Deng Cong , Liu Zhidong , Zhang Ming , Pan Hongwei , Qiu Mingbo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Surface machined by high-speed wire electrical discharge machining (HS-WEDM) at super-high thickness (more than 1000 mm) cutting suffers from uneven surface, a major problem that has been investigated in this paper. According to the analysis, as wire frame span increases, the rigidity of the wire electrode decreases, and under the action of discharge explosive force, wire electrode vibration intensifies. As a result, the machining stability inevitably decreases. However, the core problem is whether there is enough working fluid in the slit to dampen and absorb the vibration of the wire electrode so as to ensure the positional stability of the wire electrode. To verify the above point of view: first, the wire guide and gravity take-up with bidirectional tension in the wire feeding system were installed to improve the positional accuracy of the wire electrode; second, to improve the flow of the working fluid into the slit, the slit width was increased by improving the working fluid and a medium carrier with a higher melting point and vaporization point can reduce the vaporization of the working fluid in the slit as much as possible. The experiment showed that the outlet flow of the improved working fluid is 56.72% higher than that of the original working fluid when cutting a 750 mm thick workpiece, which increases the damping and vibration absorption effect of the working fluid on the wire electrode in the long and narrow gap. After the above measures were implemented, super-high thickness cutting can be carried out continuously and steadily, the surface evenness was significantly improved, and the workpiece with a thickness of 2000 mm was cut successfully.
Animal Source Food Eating Habits of Outpatients With Antimicrobial Resistance in Bukavu, D.R. Congo
Authors: Kashongwe Olivier Basole , Ngaruka Bilamirwa Reagan , Neema Sarcelles Bora Brigitte , Mitima Theophile Kashosi , Kishabongo Antoine Sadiki 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Antibiotic resistance is a public health concern in Democratic Republic Congo and worldwide. It is usually caused by antibiotic over prescription or dispensing practices. The consumption of animal source food (ASF) could be another source of antibiotic resistance but is rarely studied. The objective of the study was to evaluate the eating habits of ASF by outpatients with antimicrobial resistance through an analysis of (i) the association of their antimicrobial resistance with ASF consumption; (ii) the influence of the types of ASF on their antimicrobial resistance.Methods: This is a retrospective analytical study conducted at three major Hospitals in Bukavu City (D. R. Congo). A total number of 210 patients, whose samples (mainly faeces and urine) had been subjected to bacterial examination, was included in this study. Morphological, biochemical and antibiotic susceptibility (using disc diffusion method) tests were performed on the samples. This served to isolate and identify resistant bacteria. Afterwards, patients responded to questions about the types and quantity of ASF eaten in the last week. We analysed data using descriptive statistics, logistic regression and non-parametric ranking tests.Results: Escherichia coli (37.1%), Klebsiella pneumonae (14.7%), and Staphylococcus aureus (13.8%) were the most prevalent bacteria. E. coli (68.4%) and K. pneumonae (87.5%) were multidrug resistant (MDR), while S. aureus (7.7%) was minor. Low beef (O.R. 0.737, C.I. 0.542-1.002) and pork (O.R. 0.743, C.I. 0.560 – 0.985) consumption led to significantly (p<0.05) lower risks of resistance to ciprofloxacin. Patients eating three different ASF per week had the highest resistance score (20.67) and high consumption rates of goat meat, pork and milk (41.5%). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest a contribution of human nutrition to antimicrobial resistance frequency. Our results show the existence of a high prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria in patients frequently consuming ASF in Bukavu. Therefore, a stricter control of antibiotic usage in livestock production and of their presence in ASF is recommended.
Awareness of basic life support among undergraduate medical students in Syria, Iraq and Jordan: a cross sectional study
Authors: Shashaa Mohammad Nour , Alkarrash Mohamad Shadi , Kitaz Mohammad Nour , Rhayim Roaa , Ismail Mohammed , Koumakli Hamzeh , Alhisah Nour , Al-Haider Ahmed , Al-salloum Samer 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Sudden cardiac arrest considers one of the most leading cause for death in all over the world. It is important for all medical students to train basic life support. This study evaluated the awareness of basic life support among medical students.
Methods

An electronic questionnaire based cross sectional study was conducted in November 2020 among 2114 medical student in Syria, Iraq and Jordan. We evaluated BLS skills according to mean score. A chi-squared test was used to determine if there were differences between those who attended a basic life support course and those who did not.
Results

1656 of the participants (78.3%) stated that they did not attend a basic life support course. There was a significant difference between the participants from different countries where the mean score in Syria, Jordan and Iraq was 18.3, 24.3 and 18.8 respectively (p < 0.05). The participants were divided into 3 level according to total score; low (0–12), moderate (13–24) and high (25–37). In total, 18.3%, 72.8% and 8.9% of participants had high, intermediate and low level respectively.
Conclusions

The overall knowledge of basic life support among medical students is not adequate and need significant improvements. This study showed that an attendance a basic life support course previously had an effect on knowledge level. Hence, there is an urgent need to apply basic life support courses into the pre-clinical stage at universities.
Titanium dioxide induces apoptosis under UVA irradiation via the generation of lysosomal membrane permeabilization-dependent reactive oxygen species in HaCaT cells
Authors: Kim In Young , Lee Tae Geol , Reipa Vytas , Heo Min Beom 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are important nanomaterials with wide commercial applications. While the small size of TiO2 NPs is useful in various applications, their biosafety should be evaluated further. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxicity of TiO2 NPs in the presence and absence of UVA irradiation in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells.Results TiO2 NPs did not significantly affect cell viability in the absence of UVA irradiation. However, UVA-irradiated TiO2 NPs induced caspase-dependent apoptosis. Exposure of HaCaT cells to TiO2 NPs and UVA resulted in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP); both effects were absent without UVA irradiation. An analysis of the relationship between LMP and ROS, using CA-074 as a cathepsin inhibitor or NAC as an antioxidant, showed that LMP stimulates ROS generation under these conditions.Conclusion These results imply that LMP-dependent oxidative stress plays a critical role in the UVA phototoxicity of TiO2 NPs in HaCaT cells.
Resveratrol suppresses malignant progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by inducing the ZNF750 pathway
Authors: Duan Yanjun , Wang Yongjie , Yin Xiaojia , Xiao Yue 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Deletion or mutation of zinc finger protein 750 (ZNF750) has been linked to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), but it is not clear whether ZNF750 is a therapeutic target for OSCC. This study examined whether activation of zinc finger protein 750 (ZNF750) pathway may be involved in the ability of resveratrol to inhibit malignant progression of CAL-27 oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. CAL-27 cells were treated with resveratrol and transfected with plasmids expressing a ZNF750 mimic or ZNF750 inhibitor. Cell proliferation was assessed using the CCK-8 assay and a BrdU ELISA, and cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were examined using flow cytometry. Colony formation was also assessed. Western blotting was used to examine the effects of resveratrol on levels of angiogenin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2), G protein signal-regulated protein 5 (RGS5), integrin A5 (ITGA5), integrin B1 (ITGB1), CD44 and ZNF750. Quantitative PCR was used to examine effects on mRNA levels of platelet derived growth factor (PDGFB) and tumor vascular marker CD105. Resveratrol down-regulated angiogenin, VEGF, RGS5, CD105, and the cell adhesion molecules ITGA5, ITGB1 and CD44 in CAL-27 cells. Conversely, it up-regulated ZNF750, PHD2 and PDGFB. These changes were associated with reduced proliferation, reduced colony formation and increased apoptosis. ZNF750 silencing partly reversed these effects of resveratrol. The ability of resveratrol to suppress progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma may involve activation of the ZNF750 pathway and modification of the tumor vascular microenvironment.
Economic Restrictions and Currency Performance: Evidence of African Countries
Authors: Adegboye Alex , Ikpefan Ochei , Oyegoke Adebusola , OJEKA Stephen , Adeyanju Ibukunoluwa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study explores the impact of diverse economic restrictions on currency performance. We assess a panel dataset of 30 African countries for the period 1990–2010. Our empirical evidence is based on the fixed effect regression and the Quantile regression approach. We find that the United States, European Union, economic and intensity sanctions weaken the real exchange rates. However, we establish that the U.N. sanctions are insignificant. As for the policy implication, sanctioned countries should implement a policy that could mitigate the adverse consequences of economic restrictions on currency performance.
Loneliness in Young Adulthood: a Protocol for a Scoping Review of the Quantitative and Qualitative Literature.
Authors: Kirwan Emma , Ó’Súilleabháin Páraic S , Burns Annette , McMahon Jennifer , Summerville Sarah , Creaven Ann-Marie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundLoneliness refers to the distressing feeling that accompanies the experience of perceiving the quantity or quality of one’s social relationships as inadequate (1). There is increasing recognition of the prevalence of loneliness in young adults. Despite this, there is no existing scoping review on loneliness in young adulthood. Young adults (18-25 years) are in a critical life stage involving diverse social, demographic, biological and cognitive transitions which may affect the development of loneliness. Evidence that loneliness is a risk factor for poorer mental and physical health further emphasises the need to understand the experience in this age group. Therefore, the aim of our scoping review is to provide a summary of the quantitative and qualitative literature on loneliness in young adulthood. MethodsThe proposed scoping review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) framework for scoping reviews. Peer-reviewed journal articles and grey literature in the form of reports or difficult-to-locate studies will be identified by: (a) electronic database searching, (b) contacting national and international researchers in the field, and (c) by posting general requests for relevant information on Twitter. We will include all study designs published in English from 2000 to 2021 where loneliness (defined as subjective) is a key focus of the work and the mean age of participants is ≥ 18 and ≤ 25 years. Editorials, commentaries, opinion pieces, dissertations, and book chapters will be excluded. Articles will be selected for inclusion following screening of titles/abstracts succeeded by full-text screening. Results will be presented in a narrative form to provide a descriptive summary of the literature on loneliness in young adults.DiscussionThe results of this scoping review will provide an up-to-date overview of available research related to loneliness in young adults and will inform our future research in the area. Results will be shared through a peer-reviewed journal publication and conference presentations. RegistrationThis protocol is registered with the Open Science Framework (OSF) available at: https://osf.io/jfcmp.
Periplasmic Synthesis and Purification of the Human Prolactin Antagonist Δ1-11-G129R-hPRL
Authors: Suzuki Miriam Fussae , Almeida Larissa Andrade , Pomin Stephanie Angelo , Silva Felipe Douglas , Freire Renan Passos , Oliveira João Ezequiel , Affonso Regina , Soares Carlos Roberto Jorge , Bartolini Paolo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The human prolactin antagonist Δ1-11-G129R-hPRL is a 21.9 kDa recombinant protein with 188 amino acids that downregulates the proliferation of a variety of cells expressing prolactin receptors. Periplasmic expression of recombinant proteins in E. coli has been considered an option for obtaining a soluble and correctly folded protein, as an alternative to cytoplasmic production. The aim of this work was, therefore, to synthesize for the first time, the Δ1-11-G129R-hPRL antagonist, testing different activation temperatures and purifying it by classical chromatographic techniques. E. coli BL21(DE3) strain was transformed with a plasmid based on the pET25b(+) vector, DsbA signal sequence and the antagonist cDNA sequence. Different doses of IPTG were added, activating under different temperatures, and extracting the periplasmic fluid via osmotic shock. The best conditions were achieved by activating at 35 °C for 5 h using 0.4 mM IPTG, which gave a specific expression of 0.157±0.015 μg/mL/A600 at a final optical density of 3.43±0.13 A600. Purification was carried out by nickel-affinity chromatography followed by size-exclusion chromatography, quantification being performed via high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). The prolactin antagonist was characterized by SDS-PAGE, Western blotting, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and MALDI-TOF-MS. The final product presented >95% purity and its antagonistic effects were evaluated in vitro in view of potential clinical applications, including inhibition of the proliferation of cancer cells overexpressing the prolactin receptor and specific antidiabetic properties, taking also advantage of the fact that this antagonist was obtained in a soluble and correctly folded form and without an initial methionine.