bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soybean in pre-ruminant nutrition: A review
Authors: Okagbare G. O. , Akpodiete O. J. 
Published: February 2021

Soybean,Glycine max, is a highly nutritious seed. It contains high quality protein and unsaturated fat. Despite the high nutritive value of soybeans, its use has been limited by a number of anti- nutritional .factors which are capable of causing adverse nutritional and physiological responses in animals. Several processing methods such as heat treatment, use of chemicals such as acids, alkali and alcohols or a combination of these have been developed and used to reduce or completely eliminate these anti-nutritional factors and hence improve its utilization. This review addresses the nutritive value of soybean, anti-nutritional factors, effect of processing on the nutritive value of the seed and the utilization of soybean in milk replacers for pre-ruminants. Well processed soybean can provide high quality proteins that can be used to replace milk proteins in milk replacers for pre ruminants. Studies on utilization of milk replacers by pre-ruminants are scanty in Nigeria. More effort needs to be devoted to research in this area.
Effect of substitution of groundnut cake with Anthonotha macrophylla seed meal on layer performance and quality of chicken egg
Authors: Durunna C.S. , Ezeagu C.M , Anene C.G , Okeudo N.J. 
Published: February 2021

Five layer diets were formulated containing 0.5,10, 15 and 20% Anthonotha macrophylla seed meal which replaced equivalent proportion of groundnut cake. One hundred and eighty Babcock brown layers already 3 months in lay were randomized into 5 groups and each group was fed one of the experimental diets for 84 days. The hens were examined for performance using body weight. teed intake, henday egg production, egg weight and feed conversion ratio. The interior quality of Eggs were also assessed. Total feed intake ranged from 9.27 to 10.97kg, average daily feed intake, from 110.32 to 130.54 g/bird/day, hen-day egg production, from 48.88% to 79.11% and feed conversion ratio, from 1.87 to 2.15. Statistical analysis showed that total feed intake, average daily feed intake and hen - day egg production were similar across the dictary treatments up to the 15% level of inclusion, but were significantly depressed (P<0.05) at the 20% inclusion level.
However, diet had no significant effect on final body weight and average egg weight and feed conversion ration (P>0.05). Similarly results on egg quality showed no significant effect (P>0.05) on albumen index, yolk index, yolk colour, Haugh unit and shell thickness. Based on these results, it was concluded that Anthonotha macrophylla seed meal can be incorporated into layer diets up to 15%, inclusion level without incurring a depression in performance Layer diets containing this meal ingredient had no deleterious effect on egg quality.
Economic analysis of aquaculture practices in some Local Government areas of Ogun State
Authors: Aihonsu J.O.Y , Oreagba O.F , Idowu A.O , Shittu A.M 
Published: February 2021

The primary aim of the study was to ascertain the profitaility and assess resource use efficiency as well as compare same between the two sysytems of aquaculture (Concrete pond and Dug-out pond Systems) in Ijebu-North and Ijebu Norh-East Local Government Areas of Ogun State. To accomplish this objective, the 65 fish farmers (30 Dug-out pond and 35 concrete pond) whose fish had reached market size were interviewed in the study areas during 2001/2002 production season. Sets of structured questionnaire, personally administered were used to collect the required data. The mean sizes of the concrete ponds and Dug-out ponds were employed in the analysis of the data. The mean sizes of the concrete ponds and Dug-out ponds were 64.57 M2 and 2392.43 M2 respectively.
The budgetary analysis of the two systems showed that fish production was profitable in the area. The concrete pond (CPS) system was however found to be more profitable than the dug-out pond system (DPS). The result of the regression analysis showed that the number of fingerlings stocked per square metre, man days of human labour used , months of production season and quatity of fertilizer and lime used had much more significant influence on yield (harvest) from the CPS than from the DPS. The comparison of the technical efficiency of inputs in both systems showed that the inputs were more efficiently utilized in the CPS rather than in the DPS. The result of the Chow test showed that the resource used in the CPS differed significantly at 5 percent level, from that of DPS.
Following their findings, it was recommended that fish farmers in the study area should increase their stocking rate and reduce the amount of hired labour as well as use appropriate good quality feed in order to improve their productivity levels.
Performance characteristics of sows fed enriched diet from weaning to service in a commercial flock
Authors: Orcheruata A. M. , Sphine A. T. , Nwokoro S. O. 
Published: February 2021

Fielded data from 40 sows together with obtained data from 1999 to 2005 we analysed to determine the performance of sows fed enriched diet from weaning to a service in a commercialflock. The data were on litter size at birth (LTZVT), litter size at weaning (LTZWN), weaning age (WNAGE) forrowing interval (FRINT), purity (PRTY) and reproductive life (PRODLF). Mean value of 9.44(no), 6.04(no), 31.874, 453.58d and 3.65yrs were obtained for LTZBT, LTZWN, WNAGE, FRINT and PRODLF respectively. The influence of parity on sow's performance was analyzed while mortality and sows efficiency of production were determined. Anagonistic relationship existed between production and reproduction traite. Mortality amongst piglets increased with weaning age. Over 80% of sows hold PRINT of less than 157 days, farrowed litters greater than 7 and 55% weaned litter size of over 8. Parity had no influence on sow's performancw. Sow efficiency of production indices showed that sows had 2 farrowing/year, a farrowing rate of 84% and small litter index of less than 17%. The findings of this study have indicated that better performance of sows can be achieved by giving enriched diet (flushing) from weaning to a service rather than the practice of flushing only few days to service
Effect of graded levels of raw bambara nut (Voandzeia subterranea L) waste on nutrient intake, digestibility and utilization by rabbits
Authors: Ani A. O. 
Published: February 2021

The effect of graded levels of raw bambara nut (Voandzeia subterranea L) waste on nutrient intake, digestibility and utilization by weaner rabbits was investigated. Four diets were formulated to contain 0, 10, 20 and 30% raw bambara nut waste (RBW). Twenty-four hybrid (Chinchilla x New Zealand white) weaner rabbits weighing 790-880g at six weeks were randomly divided into four groups of6 rabbits each. The groups were randomly assigned to the four diets in a completely randomized design (CRD) for 56 days. Each treatment was replicated 3 times with two rabbits per replicate. Results showed that significant differences (P<0.05) existed among treatments in final body weight (FBW), average daily weight gain (4DWG) and intake of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), gross energy (GE) and digestible energy (DE). There were also significant differences (P<0.05) among treatments in digestibility coefficients of DM, CP crude fibre (CF), ether extract (EE) and nitrogen free extract (NFE), Rabbits fed 20 and 30% RBW diets had significantly (P<0.05) lower FBW and ADGW, and lower (P<0.05) intake of DM, CP GE and DE than rabbits fed the control diet. Rabbits fed 20 and 30% RBW diets also had significantly (P<0.05) lower digestibility coefficients of DM, CP CF, EE and NFE Results showed that nutrient intake, weight gain and digestibility coefficients were depressed. Mortality was observed at 20 and 30% RBW levels. Although there were no significant differences (P>0.05) among treatments in relative organ weights and in carcass dressing percentage, the kidney of rabbits fed 30% RBW diets had mild degeneration necrosis and dilatation of the tubules. Bile duct dilatation, hyperplasia of the bile duct epithelia cells. fibrosis and thickening of the interlobular septa were observed in the liver of rabbits fed 30% RBW diets. The depression in nutrient intake, and weight gain, and the observed histopathological changes at 20 and 30% RBW levels could be due to ant nutritional factors present in the raw bambara nut waste or done to high fibre levels of RBW The results indicate that up to 10% RBH can be included in the diets of weaner rabbits without serious deleterious effects on rabbits
Assessment of the nutritive value of bovine Iiquor and urea treated corn-straw and corn-cobs as feed for the West African Dwarf sheep and goats
Authors: Babayemi O. J. , Otukoya F. K. , Familade F. O. , Daodu M. O. 
Published: February 2021

Corn-straw (CS) and corn-cob (CC) were treated with bovine liquor (BL) to enhance their nutritive values. Eight preparations consisting of CC, CS, CC + BL, CS + BL, CC + urea, CS+ urea, CC+ BL+urea and CS + BL + urea were made to ferment for five days under anaerobic condition. The final products were assessed for their chemical composition, in vitro gas production and feed preference by sheep and goats. Crude protein contents in CC and CS significantly (P <0.05) increased from 3.5% and 2.7% to 8.6% and 3.4% respectively without urea but addition of urea increased the contents to 14.6% and 6.8% respectively. Crude fibre, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, acid detergent lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose of the treated CS and CC were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced. Similar trends were observed for gas production characteristics as the potentially degradable fraction ‘b’ and the potential degradability ‘a + b’ of treated straw and cobs were better (P < 0.05) than the untreated. The rate ‘c’ of gas production was slower for the treated than the untreated CC and CS. Both sheep and goats separately preferred the treated CC and CS to the untreated after three days and subsequent days of consumption. Since the bovine liquor showed the tendency of enhancing the nutrient contents of corn-cobs and corn-straw and that small ruminant preferred the treated materials than the untreated, sheep and goats can be sustained during the dry season.
Low Egg Production Performances Associated with Multi-drug Resistant Bacteria Among Some Nigerian Commercial Layer Flocks
Authors: Okiki P. A. , Ogbimi A. O. 
Published: February 2021

Bacteriological investigations were carried out on commercial layer flocks of 10 poultry farms in parts of Lagos and Ogun States of Nigeria, in years 2005 and 2006. The layers totalling 21,450 (range 1,050 - 2,900) had records of low egg production performances. Clooacal swaps and blood from live birds, as well as liver, spleen and heart blood of dead birds were investigated for pathogenic bacteria. The isolated pathogenic bacteria include Escherichoa coli, Salmonella enterica serotype Gallinarum, Klebsiella ozane and Klebsiella aerogenes. The bacteria were resistant to multiple pf drugs. Following treatment of birds with appropriate antibiotics, egg productions increased significantly (P<0.05). Administration of antibiotics following laboratory investigations, as well as regulations to the use of antibiotics as well as other medicaments are highly necessary for the growth of the Nigerian poultry industry.
Influence of feed quantity offered on growth performance, carcass yield, organs weight and back-fat composition of finishing pigs
Authors: Njoku C. P. , Aina A. B. J. , Sogunle O. M. , Adeyemi O. A. , Oduguwa O. O. 
Published: February 2021

A study was conducted to determine the effect of feed quantity offered (1.5, 2.0 or 2.5 kg) on growth performance, carcass yield, organs weight and backfat composition. A total of 48 Large White grower male pigs with initial average weight of 36.48±2.25 kg were allotted to 3 treatments of 16 pigs per treatment and were further replicated into 4 with 4 pigs per replicate. Data were collected on weekly basis and carcass characteristics were performed when the pigs on each experimental group attained an average weight 70 kg. Final body weight, daily weight gain and daily feed intake were significantly (P<0.05) increased by feeding level with highest mean values obtained by the pigs fed 2.5 kg feed daily. Pigs on 1.5 kg daily feeding level took 108.31 days to attain the target weight of 70 kg which was significantly (P<0.05) longer than 92.23 and 79.94 days obtained by those on 2.0 and 2.5 kg daily feeding levels respectively. Most of the parameters considered for carcass yield were not significantly (P>0.05) enhanced by feed quantity offered. The weight of ham (11.54, 12.18 and 13.41%) increased significantly (P<0.05) with increase in feeding level while kidney weight decreased significantly (P<0.05) with increase in feed quantity offered. Heart values of the pigs fed 2.0 and 2.5 kg feed daily were similar but differed significantly from those fed 1.5 kg feed daily. The depth of fat at first and last ribs, and subcutaneous fat depth increased significantly (P<0.05) with increase in feeding level. These results showed that quantity of feed offered greatly influenced growth performance (final body weight, daily weight gain, daily feed intake and days to target weight), ham, kidney, heart and backfat composition of finishing pigs, hence, it could be used as a management tool to improve growth performance and carcass traits of pigs.
Effects of Lippia multiflora leaf extract on the semen of Wistar rat
Authors: Olukunle J. O. , Ajibola E. S. , Biobaku K. T. , Okediran B. S. , Akinkuotu O. A. 
Published: February 2021

To investigate the effect of Lippia multiflora (Verbanaceae) on the reproductive activity of male Wistar rats, three groups (A,B and C) of rats were treated with 400, 800 and 1600 mg/kg/day of Lippia multiflora leaves extract respectively for 28 days while 5ml/kg of distilled water was given to the control group D. At the end of the experimental period, animals were sacrificed and sperm characteristics, histology of the testes and epididymis were assessed. Lippia multiflora leaf extract caused a significant reduction (P<0.05) in sperm motility, a statistically significant dose dependent reduction in the sperm count and a significant (P<0.05) dose dependent increase in morphological abnormalities of the spermatozoa of the treated rats. Histopathological evaluation of the testis and epididymis revealed varying degrees of degeneration and necrosis of the germinal epithelia cell of the seminiferous tubules, spermiostasis and complete epididymal aspermia. Lippia multiflora leaf extract has significant anti-spermatogenic effects on adult male Wistar rats which could impair reproductive activities in these rats
Composition and specific gravity of milk of West African Dwarf sheep as affected by stage of lactation and parity
Authors: Williams T. J. , James I. J. , Abdulateef M. R. , Onabegun L. O. , Jinadu S. O. , Falade Y. O. , Solola F. T. , Adewumi O. O. , Oke O. E. 
Published: February 2021

Twelve matured lactating ewes weighing between 16 and 24 kg live weight were used to evaluate the effects of stage of lactation and parity on milk composition and specific gravity of milk of West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep in a semi-intensive system of management. Stage of lactation was divided into 4: early, mid, late and very late respectively with 3 weeks interval. The animals were of parities 1and 2 and were allowed to graze on an established paddock in the University Farm for 5 hours and supplemented with concentrate (17% CP, 5% BW) daily. Animals were hand milked once daily at 8.00 am for 12 weeks. Stage of lactation significantly (P < 0.05) affected specific gravity of milk while parity did not have any significant effect. Daily milk mass and daily milk volume decreased linearly from early to very late stage of lactation; 158.276 to 34.411 g and 156.054 to 34.410 cm3 respectively. Average composition of milk components were 3.78%, 4.49%, 0.76%, 4.99%, 9.02% and 14.00% for protein, lactose, ash, fat, solid non-fat and total solids respectively. Stage of lactation significantly (P<0.001) affected milk protein, lactose, fat, solid non-fat and total solid except ash. However, parity did not significantly affect any of these milk constituents. The contents of total solids, solid non-fat, fat and protein were positively correlated with. On the other hand, phenotypic correlations between lactose, protein and fat were negative. It was concluded that stage of lactation exerts significant influence on specific gravity and composition of milk of WAD sheep while parity did not
Breast meat yield, muscle linear measurements and meat composition of turkeys fed 2 diet containing wheat or sorghum as sole cereal source
Authors: Oso A. O. , Sobayo R. A. , Sanwo K. A. , Lala O. A , Olayemi W. A. , Peter O. O. , Bamgbose A. M. 
Published: February 2021

Breast meat yield, chemical composition, mineral profile and linear measurement of the resultant breast meat Supracoracoides and Pectoralis thoracicus of one hundred and eighty (28 days old BUT) male turkeys fed diet containing wheat or sorghum as sole cereal source were studied. One hundred and eighty 28-days old male turkeys (British United Turkeys, BUT) were randomly allotted into 18 pens with 10 poults housed in each pen (of dimension 3.0× 2.0 m). Three experimental diets were formulated for the starter (29-56 days), grower (57-84) and finisher phase (85-112 days) such that ground maize (control), wheat or sorghum (light brown coat variety) was used as the only cereal source. The turkeys were randomly allotted to 18 pens (each housing 10 turkeys) with each pen allocated to one of the experimental diets. Growth response, breast meat yield, chemical composition, mineral profile and linear measurement of the resultant breast meat yield were measured at the end of finishing phase. Turkeys fed with wheat and sorghum had similar dressing percentage values. Turkeys fed with sorghum recorded lower (P<0.05) final live weight (10,002.10 g), weight gain (9084.90 g), feed intake (19,942.67 g), dressed weight (8099.94 g), breast meat yield (2691g) and higher relative BMY (269.05 g/kg LWT) than those fed with wheat. However, turkeys fed with wheat had higher (P<0.05) Supracoccoides weight (672.15 g) and length (26.9 g) than those fed with sorghum which recorded higher relative Supracoccoides weight (58.81 g) than those fed with sole wheat (53.76 19 g). Crude protein, ether extract, ash content, gross energy and mineral content of the BMY were not affected by dietary inclusion of wheat or sorghum as sole cereal source. However, the breast meat of turkeys fed with sorghum had lower (P<0.05) moisture (60.12%), cholesterol (19.05 mg/100g) and LDL (2.01 mg/100g) values than other corresponding values obtained for turkeys fed with wheat or control diet
Subchronic toxcity study of Khaya senegalensis aqueous extract in rats
Authors: Biobaku K. T. , Yusuf A. A. , Mshelbwala F. M. , Ajibola E. S. , Okediran B. S , Akinloye O. A. 
Published: February 2021

This study was carried out to investigate the sub chronic effects of oral administration of different doses: 100mg/kg, 400mg/kg, l600mg/kg, 6400mg/kg of aqueous extract of Khaya senegalensis in wistar rats. The rats were randomly separated to groups "A-G". The group "A" was considered as a non treated control. The other groups B, C, D and E respectively, were test groups and were treated with the extract. The biochemical and haematological parameters were assessed after 21 days of oral administration of the extract. The liver, kidney, pancreas, and heart of various experimental rats were harvested and preserved. The parenchymal tissues were fixed and using a microtome prepared to slides. Histopathological changes were observed using standard methods. There were no significant differences in white blood cell (WBC), Differential leucocytes count (DLC), haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume (PCV) and Red Blood Cell count (RBC) respectively. There was however a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the serum Alanine amino transferase (ALT) in groups B, C and D and also a significant (p<0.05) decrease in AST levels in group B and E. The blood glucose levels also decreased significantly (P<0.05) in groups concentration in groups C, D, and E. Histopathological examination showed moderate degenerative changes and congestions in the livers and kidneys and pancreas in all treated groups. This gave an insiglht on the effects of oral administration of an aqueous extract of Khaya senegalensis on the haematological and biochemical parameters, with the related tissue pathology, in experimental wistar rats. Conclusion could be made that care should be taken in prolonged administration of high doses of aqueous extract of Khaya senegalensis man and animals.
Growth performance, blood profile and economic analysis of broilers fed fermented mixture of cassava flour and bovine blood (cassablood) based diets
Authors: Aniebo A.O. 
Published: February 2021

The effect of dietary treatments on growth performance, haematological and biochemical indices of finisher broilers as well as economics of broiler production were determined in this experiment. Four broiler finisher diets were formulated with different inclusion levels of fermented cassava flour/blood mixture code-named “cassablood”. The control diet (T1) contained 0% cassablood, while diets 2, 3 and 4 contained 20%, 25% and 30% cassablood respectively. 120 four weeks old Anak broiler chicken were randomly allocated the 4 diets with 30 birds per treatment replicated 3 times with ten 10 broilers per replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD).Treatment effects on final body weight, final weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were significant (P<0.05). Birds fed cassabloodbased diets compared favourably with the control diet. 20% cassablood inclusion performed equally with the control diet in feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. All dietary groups also showed no significant differences (P>0.05) in most haematological and serum biochemical indices of broilers except in cholesterol, glucose and triglyceride contents which differed (P<0.05) significantly Similarly, chicken on 20% and 25% inclusion levels produced significantly (P < 0.05) higher economic gains in terms of feed cost per kilogram of broiler among all the treatments. Therefore, 20 - 25% cassablood dietary inclusion level was recommended in broiler diet for production and profit maximization.