bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An assessment of techniques and practices used to elevate intra‐abdominal pressure when assessing pelvic floor dysfunction
Authors: El‐Hamamsy Dina , Watson Alison , Corden James , Smith Anthony R. B. , Reid Fiona M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsTo determine terminology and methods for raising intra‐abdominal pressure (IAP) currently used by clinicians to assess pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) and to measure the effect of these maneuvers on IAP.MethodsThree‐hundred questionnaires were distributed at two scientific meetings in the United Kingdom to determine methods clinicians used to raise IAP and their perceptions of these methods. Twenty healthy volunteers were also recruited to measure the effect of two methods of raising IAP: Valsalva maneuver (VM) and bear down maneuver (BDM). IAP pressure was measured with rectal catheters connected to pressure sensors. The IAP was measured during each maneuver in both standing and supine positions.ResultsManeuvers used in practice were cough (79%), BDM (60%), and VM (38%). 44% of clinicians felt patients found it difficult to raise their IAP. There was uncertainty among clinicians as to which method was the most effective in raising IAP and whether the different methods produced the same rise in IAP. On testing IAP in 20 healthy volunteers, median (interquartile range) IAP generated during BDM; 101 (59.1) cmH2O was significantly higher than that generated during VM; 80.3 (43.6) cmH2O (p < .0001).ConclusionClinicians varied widely in the maneuvers they used to raise patients' IAP to test for PFD and there was uncertainty about the maneuvers' effect on IAP. In healthy volunteers, BDM produced significantly higher IAP than VM. We recommend standardization of terminology and techniques used to raise IAP when assessing PFD, to ensure consistency of diagnosis and assessment of treatment outcomes.
Registration of ‘GA06343‐13E2 (TX‐EL2)’ soft red winter wheat
Authors: Ibrahim Amir M. H. , Sutton Russell , Johnson Jerry W. , Mergoum Mohamed , Simoneaux Bryan , Harrison Stephen A. , Murphy J. Paul , Mason R. Esten , Babar Md A. , Neely Clark , Opeña Geraldine , Jin Yue , Kolmer Jim , Boyles Richard , Cambron Sue E. , Baik Byung‐Kee , Brown‐Guedira Gina L. , Marshall David , Fountain Myron O. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract‘GA06343‐13E2 (TX‐EL2)’ (Reg. no. CV‐1172, PI 695071), a medium‐height, medium‐maturing soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (SRWW), was jointly released by Texas A&M AgriLife Research and the University of Georgia Agricultural Experiment Station in 2019. GA06343‐13E2 (TX‐EL2) was released based on merits of its wide area of adaptation and above‐average grain yield in Texas in particular and the Gulf Atlantic SRWW growing areas in general, in addition to average grain volume weight, good leaf rust and stripe rust resistance, and good end‐use quality characteristics. GA06343‐13E2 (TX‐EL2) was derived from the cross GA011638‐G1/GA961592‐8//GA991336‐47 made at the University of Georgia. The pedigree of GA011638‐G1 is GA01034 (‘AGS 2000’*3/96667)/AGS 2000. The pedigrees of GA961592‐8 and GA991336‐47 are GA951329 (GA88129‐32‐3‐5/GA87467‐14‐1‐14‐1)/GA88127‐1‐3‐3 and GA92432‐21‐5‐2/GA981622 [AGS 2000/Pioneer ‘26R61’ (XW663)], respectively. Authorized seed classes of GA06343‐13E2 (TX‐EL2) in the United States will be breeder, foundation, registered, and certified. We will submit GA06343‐13E2 (TX‐EL2) for U.S. Plant Variety Protection with the certification option.
Registration of ‘USDA Lori’ soft white spring waxy wheat
Authors: Morris C. F. , Kiszonas A. M. , Peden G. L. , Pumphrey M. O. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractStarch is the most abundant component of wheat (Triticum spp.) grain and flour and is composed of two primary glucose polymers, amylose and amylopectin. Our aim was to convert a previously leading soft white spring wheat (T. aestivum L.) cultivar to a zero endosperm starch amylose content (“waxy”) cultivar. The result was ‘USDA Lori’ (Reg. no. CV‐1180, PI 692132), a waxy wheat cultivar developed by the USDA Agricultural Research Service's Western Wheat Quality Laboratory in collaboration with Washington State University. USDA Lori is a backcross‐7 (BC7) derivative of ‘Alpowa’. USDA Lori lacks functional copies of the three Waxy Granule Bound Starch Synthase I (GBSSI) genes. The GBSSI null alleles were derived from the waxy cultivar ‘Waxy‐Pen’. As a waxy cultivar, USDA Lori has unique processing and food and feed applications. Further, this waxy cultivar complements a series of Waxy near‐isogenic lines, which were produced as backcross derivatives of Alpowa.
C‐LAEF: Convection‐permitting Limited‐Area Ensemble Forecasting system
Authors: Wastl Clemens , Wang Yong , Atencia Aitor , Weidle Florian , Wittmann Christoph , Zingerle Christoph , Keresturi Endi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractC‐LAEF (Convection‐permitting Limited‐Area Ensemble Forecasting) has been developed at the Austrian national weather service ZAMG (Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik) and has been running operationally at the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) supercomputer since November 2019. It includes (a) an ensemble 3D variational blending technique to deal with atmospheric initial uncertainties, (b) an ensemble of land surface data assimilation to account for uncertainties in the initial land surface conditions, (c) a hybrid stochastic physics perturbation scheme to treat model uncertainties in the different physics parametrization schemes, and (d) a coupling with the global ensemble system IFS‐ENS (Integrated Forecasting System‐ENSemble) to consider uncertainties in the lateral boundary conditions. C‐LAEF has a horizontal resolution of 2.5 km and consists of 16 perturbed members plus one unperturbed control run. It runs four times a day and provides probabilistic forecasts up to 60 hr on a domain covering the whole Alpine area. This article describes the C‐LAEF system in detail and evaluates the relative contributions of the different perturbation techniques. The ensemble variational blending technique and the ensemble surface data assimilation provide additional spread in the first forecast hours, while the hybrid stochastically perturbed parametrization scheme improves the performance of C‐LAEF during the whole forecast range. The performance of C‐LAEF is evaluated extensively over one summer and one winter period and compared with its mesoscale counterpart ALADIN‐LAEF (Aire Limitee Adaptation dynamique Developpement InterNational – Limited‐Area Ensemble Forecasting) and the IFS‐ENS. State‐of‐the‐art probabilistic measures indicate that C‐LAEF is able to outperform ALADIN‐LAEF for all considered upper‐air variables. At the surface, C‐LAEF outperforms ALADIN‐LAEF and IFS‐ENS according to most conventional measures, particularly for wind and precipitation. C‐LAEF benefits from the higher resolution and the explicit treatment of deep convection and can provide more accurate probabilistic information for weather warnings.
Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus infection in different anatomical sites among men who have sex with men: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Farahmand Mohammad , Monavari Seyed Hamidreza , Tavakoli Ahmad 
Published: February 2021

SummaryMen who have sex with men (MSM) are at increased risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection because of their high‐risk sexual behaviours. In this study, a meta‐analytic approach was used to systematically analyse the literature to elucidate the prevalence and genotype distribution of anal, penile, oral and urethral HPV infection among MSM in the world. To carry out this systematic review, five electronic databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant studies published from January 2012 to November 2019, and pertinent data were collected from the eligible articles. The pooled HPV prevalence was calculated for each anatomical region using a random‐effect model weighted by the inverse variance method. The meta‐analysis was performed using the “Metaprop” function in the R package Meta. The overall pooled prevalence of anal, penile, oral and urethral HPV infection among MSM were 78.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 75.6%–81.0%), 36.2% (95% CI: 29.1%–44.0%), 17.3% (95% CI: 13.6%–21.7%) and 15.4% (95% CI: 7.8%–27.9%), respectively. Stratified analyses showed that the prevalences of HPV were significantly higher in HIV‐positive than HIV‐negative MSM. The most frequent HPV high‐risk type detected in the anus, penis and oral cavity was HPV‐16 (19.9%, 4.9% and 3.1%, respectively). HPV infection is rising in MSM because of high‐risk sexual behaviours, suggesting an increased future risk of developing HPV‐related diseases and malignancies in this population.
Towards an improved pain assessment in castrated horses using facial expressions (HGS) and circulating miRNAs
Authors: Dalla Costa Emanuela , Dai Francesca , Lecchi Cristina , Ambrogi Federico , Lebelt Dirk , Stucke Diana , Ravasio Giuliano , Ceciliani Fabrizio , Minero Michela 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundPain in horses is an emergent welfare concern, and its assessment represents a challenge for equine clinicians. This study aimed at improving pain assessment in horses through a convergent validation of existing tools: we investigated whether an effective analgesic treatment influences the horse grimace scale (HGS) and the concentration of specific circulating microRNAs (miRNAs).MethodsEleven stallions underwent routine surgical castration under general anaesthesia. They were divided into two analgesic treatment groups: castration with the administration of preoperative flunixin and castration with preoperative flunixin plus a local injection of mepivacaine into the spermatic cords. HGS and levels of seven circulating miRNAs were evaluated pre‐, 8 and 20 hours post‐procedure.ResultsCompared to pre‐castration, HGS, miR‐126‐5p, miR‐145 and miR‐let7e increased significantly in horses receiving flunixin at 8 hours post‐castration (Friedman test, p < 0.05). Both behavioural and molecular changes occurred in horses receiving flunixin only, confirming that the addition of local mepivacaine is an effective analgesic treatment.ConclusionsCombining the use of HGS and circulating miRNAs, particularly miR‐145, could be meaningful to monitor acute pain conditions in horses. Our results further validate the HGS as a method to assess acute pain in horses and point out miR‐145 as a promising biomarker to identify pain.
Climate Change, Biodiversity, and Tipping Points in Botswana
Authors: Urich Peter , Li Yinpeng , Masike Sennye 
Published: February 2021

AbstractClimate adaptation planning requires new ways of thinking and approaching the analysis of risks. Such thinking needs to be systemic in nature and practice/action-oriented while respecting the complexity of the physical and social sciences. Through this chapter on climate tipping points in Botswana, it is proposed that a generic and practice-oriented analysis framework be applied with a mathematical foundation including modeling methods based on complex science. The objective is to promote a framework that privileges a worldview to avoid biased and partial explanations of risks. An Institutional-Socio-Earth-Economical-Technical systems (ISEET) approach is based on a systems science philosophy for risk governance analysis, with particular emphasis on tipping points and emergence which are some of the key elements that can support sound adaptation planning. Through the lens of the biodiversity sector in Botswana, the complex interrelationships of ISEET principles are explained. They provide a new, efficient, and practical framework for moving rapidly from theory to action for planning and implementing climate change adaption projects.
Climate Change Impact on Climate Extremes and Adaptation Strategies in the Vea Catchment, Ghana
Authors: Larbi Isaac , Nyamekye Clement , Hountondji Fabien C. C. , Okafor Gloria C. , Odoom Peter Rock Ebo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractClimate change impact on rainfall and temperature extreme indices in the Vea catchment was analyzed using observation and an ensemble mean of bias-corrected regional climate models datasets for Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP 4.5) scenario. Rainfall extreme indices such as annual total wet-day precipitation (PRCPTOT), extremely wet days (R99P), consecutive wet days (CWD), consecutive dry days (CDD), and temperature indices such as warmest day (TXx) and warmest night (TNx) from the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection Monitoring Indices (ETCCDMI) were computed for both the historical (1986–2016) and future (2020–2049) period using the RClimdex. The parametric ordinary least square (OLS) regression approach was used to detect trends in the time series of climate change and extreme indices. The results show an increase in mean annual temperature at the rate of 0.02 °C/year and a variability in rainfall at the catchment, under RCP 4.5 scenario. The warmest day and warmest night were projected to increase by 0.8 °C and 0.3 °C, respectively, in the future relative to the historical period. The intensity (e.g., R99p) and frequency (e.g., CDD) of extreme rainfall indices were projected to increase by 29 mm and 26 days, respectively, in the future. This is an indication of the vulnerability of the catchment to the risk of climate disasters (e.g., floods and drought). Adaptation strategies such as early warning systems, availability of climate information, and flood control measures are recommended to reduce the vulnerability of the people to the risk of the projected impact of climate extreme in the future.
Near-extremal fluid mechanics
Authors: Moitra Upamanyu , Sake Sunil Kumar , Trivedi Sandip P. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We analyse near-extremal black brane configurations in asymptotically AdS4 spacetime with the temperature T, chemical potential μ, and three-velocity uν, varying slowly. We consider a low-temperature limit where the rate of variation is much slower than μ, but much bigger than T. This limit is different from the one considered for conventional fluid-mechanics in which the rate of variation is much smaller than both T, μ. We find that in our limit, as well, the Einstein-Maxwell equations can be solved in a systematic perturbative expansion. At first order, in the rate of variation, the resulting constitutive relations for the stress tensor and charge current are local in the boundary theory and can be easily calculated. At higher orders, we show that these relations become non-local in time but the perturbative expansion is still valid. We find that there are four linearised modes in this limit; these are similar to the hydrodynamic modes found in conventional fluid mechanics with the same dispersion relations. We also study some linearised time independent perturbations exhibiting attractor behaviour at the horizon — these arise in the presence of external driving forces in the boundary theory.
Non-integrability in AdS3 vacua
Authors: Rigatos Konstantinos S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We ask the question of classical integrability for certain (classes of) supergravity vacua that contain an AdS3 factor arising in massive IIA and IIB theories and realizing various and different amounts of supersymmetry. Our approach is based on a well-established method of analytic non-integrability for Hamiltonian systems. To detect a non-integrable sector we consider a non-trivially wrapped string soliton and study its fluctuations. We answer in the negative for each and every one of the supergravity solutions. That is, of course, modulo very specific limits where the metrics reduce to the AdS3 × S3 × $$ {\tilde{S}}^3 $$

S
˜

3

× S1 and AdS3 × S3 × T4 solutions which are known to be integrable.
Single-top-quark production in the t-channel at NNLO
Authors: Campbell John , Neumann Tobias , Sullivan Zack 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We present a calculation of t-channel single-top-quark production and decay in the five-flavor scheme at NNLO. Our results resolve a disagreement between two previous calculations of this process that found a difference in the inclusive cross section at the level of the NNLO coefficient itself. We compare in detail with the previous calculations at the inclusive, differential and fiducial level including b-quark tagging at a fixed scale μ = mt. In addition, we advocate the use of double deep inelastic scattering (DDIS) scales (μ2 = Q2 for the light-quark line and μ2 = Q2 + $$ {m}_t^2 $$

m
t
2

for the heavy-quark line) that maximize perturbative stability and allow for robust scale uncertainties. All NNLO and NLO⊗NLO contributions for production and decay are included in the on-shell and vertex-function approximation. We present fiducial and differential results for a variety of observables used in Standard Model and Beyond Standard Model analyses, and find an important difference between the NLO and NNLO predictions of exclusive t + n-jet cross sections. Overall we find that NNLO corrections are crucial for a precise identification of the t-channel process.
Constructing AdS2 flow geometries
Authors: Anninos Dionysios , Galante Damián A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We consider two-dimensional geometries flowing away from an asymptotically AdS2 spacetime. Macroscopically, flow geometries and their thermodynamic properties are studied from the perspective of dilaton-gravity models. We present a precise map constructing the fixed background metric from the boundary two-point function of a nearly massless matter field. We analyse constraints on flow geometries, viewed as solutions of dimensionally reduced theories, stemming from energy conditions. Microscopically, we construct computationally tractable RG flows in SYK-type models at vanishing and non-vanishing temperature. For certain regimes of parameter space, the flow geometry holographically encoding the microscopic RG flow is argued to interpolate between two (near) AdS2 spacetimes. The coupling between matter fields and the dilaton in the putative bulk is also discussed. We speculate on microscopic flows interpolating between an asymptotically AdS2 spacetime and a portion of a dS2 world.
Characteristics, management and outcome of prehospital pediatric emergencies by a Dutch HEMS
Authors: Oude Alink Michelle Berdien , Moors Xavier Roland Johnny , Karrar Senned , Houmes Robert Jan , Hartog Dennis Den , Stolker Robert Jan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
In prehospital care, the Helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS) can be dispatched for critically injured or ill children. However, little detail is known about dispatches for children, in terms of the incidence of prehospital interventions and overall mortality. The primary objective of this study is to provide an overview of pediatric patient characteristics and incidence of interventions.

Methods
A retrospective chart review of all patients ≤ 17 years who received medical care by Rotterdam HEMS from 2012 until 2017 was carried out.

Results
During the study period, 1905 pediatric patients were included. 59.1% of patients were male and mean age was 6.1 years with 53.2% of patients aged ≤ 3 years. 53.6% were traumatic patients and 49.7% were non-traumatic patients. 18.8% of patients were intubated. Surgical procedures were performed in 0.9%. Medication was administered in 58.1% of patients. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was necessary in 12.9% of patients, 19.9% were admitted to the intensive care unit and 14.0% needed mechanical ventilation. Overall mortality was 9.5%. Mortality in trauma patients was 5.5% and in non-trauma group 15.3%. 3.9% of patients died at the scene.

Conclusions
Patients attended by HEMS are at high risk of prehospital interventions like CPR or intubation. EMS has little exposure to critically ill or injured children. Hence, HEMS expertise is required to perform critical procedures. Trauma patients had higher survival rates than non-traumatic patients. This may be explained by underlying illnesses in non-traumatic patients and CPR as reason for dispatch. Further research is needed to identify options for improving prehospital care in the non trauma pediatric patients.
Delirium in trauma patients: a 1-year prospective cohort study of 2026 patients
Authors: Marquetand Justus , Gehrke Samuel , Bode Leonie , Fuchs Simon , Hildenbrand Florian , Ernst Jutta , von Känel Roland , Boettger Soenke 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Delirium in trauma surgery is common, especially post-operatively, but medical characteristics, risk factors and residence post-discharge have not comprehensively been investigated in all trauma patients.

Methods
Over 1 year, 2026 trauma patients were prospectively screened for delirium with the following tools: Delirium Observation screening scale (DOS), Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC) and a DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual)-5, nursing tool (ePA-AC) construct. Risk factors—predisposing und precipitating—for delirium were assessed via multiple regression analysis.

Results
Of 2026 trauma patients, 440 (21.7%) developed delirium, which was associated with an increased risk of assisted living (OR 6.42, CI 3.92–10.49), transfer to nursing home (OR 4.66, CI 3.29–6.6), rehabilitation (OR 3.96, CI 3.1–5.1), or death (OR 70.72, CI 22–227.64). Intensive care management (OR 18.62, CI 14.04–24.68), requirement of ventilation (OR 32.21, CI 21.27–48.78), or its duration (OR 67.22, CI 33.8–133.71) all increased the risk for developing delirium. Relevant predisposing risk factors were dementia (OR 50.92, CI 15.12–171.45), cardiac insufficiency (OR 11.76, CI 3.6–38.36), and polypharmacy (OR 5.9, CI 4.01–8.68).Relevant precipitating risk factors were brain edema (OR 40.53, CI 4.81–341.31), pneumonia (OR 39.66, CI 8.89–176.93) and cerebral inflammation (OR 21.74, CI 2.34–202.07).

Conclusion
Delirium in trauma patients is associated with poor outcome as well as with intensive care management and various predisposing and/or precipitating factors. Three quarters of patients who had undergone delirium were not able to live independently at home any more.