bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of osteoporosis and sarcopenia with frailty and multimorbidity among participants of the Hertfordshire Cohort Study
Authors: Laskou Faidra , Fuggle Nicholas R. , Patel Harnish P. , Jameson Karen , Cooper Cyrus , Dennison Elaine 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAgeing is commonly associated with sarcopenia (SP) and osteoporosis (OP), both of which are associated with disability, impaired quality of life, and mortality. The aims of this study were to explore the relationships between SP, OP, frailty, and multimorbidity in community‐dwelling older adults participating in the Hertfordshire Cohort Study (HCS) and to determine whether coexistence of OP and SP was associated with a significantly heavier health burden.MethodsAt baseline, 405 participants self‐reported their comorbidities. Cut‐offs for low grip strength and appendicular lean mass index were used according to the EWSGOP2 criteria to define SP. OP was diagnosed when T‐scores of < −2.5 were present at the femoral neck or the participant reported use of the anti‐OP medications including hormone replacement therapy (HRT), raloxifene, or bisphosphonates. Frailty was defined using the standard Fried definition.ResultsOne hundred ninety‐nine men and 206 women were included in the study. Baseline median (interquartile range) age of participants was 75.5 (73.4–77.9) years. Twenty‐six (8%) and 66 (21.4%) of the participants had SP and OP, respectively. Eighty‐three (20.5%) reported three or more comorbidities. The prevalence of pre‐frailty and frailty in the study sample was 57.5% and 8.1%, respectively. Having SP only was strongly associated with frailty [odds ratio (OR) 8.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27, 54.03; P = 0.027] while the association between having OP alone and frailty was weaker (OR 2.57, 95% CI 0.61, 10.78; P = 0.196). The likelihood of being frail was substantially higher in the presence of coexisting SP and OP (OR 26.15, 95% CI 3.13, 218.76; P = 0.003). SP alone and OP alone were both associated with having three or more comorbidities (OR 4.71, 95% CI 1.50, 14.76; P = 0.008 and OR 2.86, 95% CI 1.32, 6.22; P = 0.008, respectively) although the coexistence of SP and OP was not significantly associated with multimorbidity (OR 3.45, 95% CI 0.59, 20.26; P = 0.171).ConclusionsIndividuals living with frailty were often osteosarcopenic. Multimorbidity was common in individuals with either SP or OP. Early identification of SP and OP not only allows implementation of treatment strategies but also presents an opportunity to mitigate frailty risk.
Dental laser training and education in postgraduate periodontics programs in North America
Authors: Hamada Yusuke , Ricker Aly , Chiou Lan‐Lin , Prabhu Srividya , Shin Daniel E. , Blanchard Steven B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe application of various lasers to treat periodontal and peri‐implant diseases is gaining momentum. While laser‐related dental research is ongoing, it is important to determine if current periodontal training programs are keeping pace with these new treatment modalities and actively incorporating them into their training.Materials and methodsAn electronic survey was created to evaluate the extent to which lasers are currently being used in North American periodontal programs. A brief explanation of the study and a link to the 15‐question survey was emailed to 61 periodontal program directors requesting participation in the survey. The data regarding the prevalence of laser training in all the programs, which types of laser devices are used, and which surgical procedures are performed were collected and analyzed.ResultsThe response rate was 49.1% (n = 30). Among those responding to the survey, 76.7% (n = 23) of these programs reported providing clinical training in lasers, with the diode laser being the most frequently used (65.2%), followed by carbon dioxide (39.1%), neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet (26.1%), and erbium:yttrium aluminum garnet lasers (26.1%). Two major reasons for not utilizing lasers as part of regular patient care were cost and lack of evidence to support laser efficacy. Three out of seven programs that do not currently use lasers plan to provide laser training in the future. Over half (56.7%) of program directors did not think that lasers would become the standard of periodontal/implant care within the next 10 years, while 20% of them believed that they would.ConclusionsLaser training and education in postgraduate periodontal programs is still limited, and the majority of periodontal residents are not exposed to many types of laser devices.
Thermal degradation study of polymethylmethacrylate with AlI3 nanoadditive
Authors: Bahadur Ali , Iqbal Shahid , Alsaab Hashem O. , Awwad Nasser S. , Ibrahium Hala A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOrganic polymers in the process of thermal degradation produce a lot of toxic fragments. In this work, we designed a new method of degradation of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) materials with aluminum triiodide nanoadditives (AlI3 NAs). In the present research work, a thermal degradation study of PMMA blends with AlI3 NAs was carried out by using a specially designed pyrolytic assembly. Different blends of PMMA with AlI3 (P0, P3, P6, P9, P12, and P15) were prepared by changing the concentration of AlI3 NAs from 0% to 15%. FTIR and TGA studies show the stability of polymers with AlI3 NAs. Scanning electron microscopy analysis shows All3 spread uniformly at nanoscale throughout the polymer matrix. Horizontal burning test (HBT) test confirms that polymer burning is retarded with AlI3 NAs.
The role of emotional sensitivity to probability in the decision to choose genetic testing
Authors: Lacey Heather P. , Lacey Steven C. , Forest Caroline , Blasi Dana , Dayal Prerna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhile the availability of genetic testing is rapidly increasing, many opt out of testing. The decision to test or not is emotionally charged, and both clinical research and theoretical work in psychology show that in emotional decisions, people often struggle to interpret and utilize risk information. Clinical research on genetic testing uptake also shows that feeling overwhelmed by numeric information may be a deterrent to testing. However, recent psychological research indicates that some portion of the population has greater emotional sensitivity to probability, (i.e., the extent to which emotional reactions to risk depend on probabilities) than others. We hypothesize that participants high in emotional sensitivity to probability will be more interested in genetic testing as an opportunity to seek greater precision in risk estimates and that this relationship is moderated by the testing context itself. In an online survey of a nationally representative sample (not recruited as patients), participants were presented with a hypothetical scenario describing a suspected diagnosis with an option for genetic testing. The scenario experimentally varied the pre‐test probability estimate of the diagnosis (low or high) and whether the test results would result in certainty (ruling in or ruling out the diagnosis), or reduced uncertainty (providing a more precise individual risk estimate). Results indicated that emotional sensitivity to probability was a strong predictor of intention to test, particularly when the test allowed participants to rule out a diagnosis, reducing an already low probability to zero. These results highlight the way patients’ individual characteristics interact with the testing context to guide decision‐making and provide important insight into the way patients integrate risk probability information into intensely emotional decisions.
Monitoring Bevacizumab‐Induced Tumor Vascular Normalization by Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Diffusion‐Weighted MRI
Authors: Li Bo , Xu Dan , Zhou Jie , Wang Shou‐Chao , Cai Yu‐Xiang , Li Huan , Xu Hai‐Bo 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundAccurate monitoring of tumor blood vessel normalization progression is beneficial to accurate treatment of patients. At present, there is a lack of safe and noninvasive monitoring methods.PurposeTo serial monitor the vascular normalization time window of tumor antiangiogenesis treatment through intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion‐weighted imaging (IVIM‐DWI) and histopathological methods.Study TypeExploratory animal study.PopulationSixty rat C6 glioma models were randomly and equally divided into the control groups (N = 30) and bevacizumab treatment groups (N = 30). Twenty‐five for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and five for electron microscope testing in each group.Field Strength/SequenceT1‐weighted imaging (T1WI), T2WI with a fast spin echo sequence and IVIM‐DWI with a spin‐echo echo‐planar imaging sequence at 3 T.AssessmentIVIM‐DWI quantitative parameters (f, D, D*, and fD*) were obtained on days 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 after bevacizumab treatment. After MRI, the microvessel density (MVD), pericyte coverage, and hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) were assessed. Electron microscope observation was performed at each time point.Statistical TestsOne‐way analysis of variance and Student's t‐tests were used to compare differences within and between groups. Spearman's correlation coefficient (r) assess the correlation between IVIM and pathological parameters. The intragroup correlation coefficient was determined to assess the repeatability of each IVIM parameter.ResultsThe IVIM‐DWI perfusion parameters (f and fD*) of the treated group were higher than the control group on days 2 and 4. Compared to the control group, MVD decreased on days 2 and pericyte coverage increased on days 4 in the treatment group. Electron microscopy showed that the tight junctions of the treatment group were prolonged on days 2–4. In the control group, f had the highest correlation with MVD (r = 0.689). In the treated group, f had a good correlation with pericyte coverage (r = 0.557), HIF‐1α had a moderately positive correlation with f (r = 0.480) and fD*(r = 0.447).Data ConclusionThe vascular normalization time window of bevacizumab treatment of glioma was days 2–4 after antiangiogenesis treatment, which could be monitored noninvasively by IVIM‐DWI.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 3
Volatile composition changes in lemon during fruit maturation by HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS
Authors: Li Chunxiu , Li Xunlan , Liang Guolu , Xiang Suqiong , Han Guohui 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDVolatiles are determinants of fruit aroma and flavor characteristics and also provide valuable information for lemon as ingredient for the food and drinks industry. Volatiles in ‘Eureka’ lemon and ‘Xiangshui’ lemon pulps from 130 to 186 days after flowering were enriched by headspace–solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME), and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS).RESULTSSeventy‐seven volatiles of two lemon cultivars at the different ripening stages were identified and divided into six categories. Varieties and ripening stages had significant effects on individual volatiles in each category. The proportion of monoterpenes was found to be higher in ‘Eureka’ lemon, while ‘Xiangshui’ lemon had a higher proportion of sesquiterpenes, aldehydes and alcohols. The proportion of monoterpene fluctuation decreased during fruit ripening, while fluctuation of sesquiterpenes, alcohols, aldehydes and esters increased. Among the hydrocarbons, monoterpenes decreased their relative abundance from 91.67% to 81.04% in ‘Eureka’ lemon, and from 83.01% to 60.04% in ‘Xiangshui’ lemon; conversely, sesquiterpenes increased from 0.73% to 2.89% in ‘Eureka’ lemon, and from 3.21% to 8.48% in ‘Xiangshui’ lemon. Among the oxygenated volatiles, the proportions of alcohols, aldehydes and esters were higher at 186 days after flowering in both two cultivars.CONCLUSIONThe volatile organic compounds during fruit ripening of lemon varieties with different resistance were elucidated. The proportion of oxygenated volatiles increased during fruit ripening, and disease‐resistant varieties had a higher proportion. These results provided important theoretical support for the utilization of lemon fruits and the innovation of disease‐resistant germplasm resources. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Selective magnetic solid‐phase extraction of amide herbicides from fish samples coupled with ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Gao Lei , Qin Dongli , Chen Zhongxiang , Bai Shuyan , Du Ningning , Li Chenhui , Hao Qirui , Wang Peng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAn efficient magnetic dummy template molecularly imprinted polymer nanocomposite was prepared using multi‐walled carbon nanotubes as a support and metolachlor deschloro as a dummy template. The obtained nanocomposites were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The adsorption performance of the obtained nanocomposites was evaluated through binding experiments, including static adsorption, kinetic adsorption, and selective recognition studies. The obtained nanocomposites were successfully applied as selective sorbents for the magnetic solid‐phase extraction of seven amide herbicides (alachlor, acetochlor, pretilachlor, butachlor, metolachlor, diethatyl ethyl, and dimethachlor) coupled with liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry from fish samples. Under the optimized conditions, the limit of detection was 0.01–0.1 μg/kg. The obtained recoveries of the amide herbicides from the fish samples were in the range of 88.0 to 102.1% with a relative standard deviation of less than 7.5%. This method, which eliminated the effect of template leakage on qualitative and quantitative analysis was found to be superior to the methods reported in the literature. The results indicated that it could be successfully applied to analyze amide herbicides in fish samples with satisfactory recoveries.
Use of a transnasal flexible laryngoscope tip for laryngeal culturing: A novel in‐office technique
Authors: Michael Alexander , Vesole Adam S. , Diekema Daniel J. , Stegall Helen , Hoffman Henry T. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn‐office culture of the larynx using a flexible laryngoscope tip can help identify laryngeal pathogens in cases of laryngitis.ObjectiveThis retrospective case series aimed to investigate the feasibility of in‐office laryngoscope tip culture to identify laryngeal pathogens and help guide medical treatment.MethodsThis case series consists of 8 patients who underwent 11 in‐office laryngeal cultures using the tip of the flexible laryngoscope. Concurrent nasal cultures were performed on two patients to assess for possible nasal contamination of these laryngoscope tip cultures.ResultsNine patients underwent laryngeal culture with laryngoscope tip in‐office, with two patients undergoing repeat swabs for a total of eleven swabs. Then, 8 of 11 swabs (73%) grew methicillin‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, while 1 of 11 (9.1%) swabs grew methicillin‐resistant S. aureus. Three of eleven swabs (27%) grew Candida species. Concurrent culture was performed of the contralateral nasal cavity in two patients to assess for the possibility of nasal contamination of laryngoscope tip cultures. Concurrent contralateral nasal cultures grew distinct pathogens compared to the laryngeal cultures, suggesting that nasal contamination did not occur.ConclusionIn‐office laryngoscope tip culture allows safe identification of laryngeal pathogens in an ambulatory setting. In‐office laryngoscope tip culture can help guide medical treatment of laryngeal infections.Level of Evidence4
Reproductive Dynamics of Three Important Clupeiform Food Fishes in the Min River Estuary and Its Adjacent Nearshore Waters, China
Authors: Xu Qing , Jiang Yan , Fang Lü-ping , Liu Min , Jiang Xiao-bin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Reproductive dynamics of three important clupeiform food fishes (Gray’s Grenadier Anchovy Coilia grayii, Osbeck’s Grenadier Anchovy Coilia mystus, and Chinese Gizzard Shad Clupanodon thrissa) were studied in the largest estuary of Fujian Province, China: the Min River estuary and its adjacent nearshore waters. Samples were collected from May 2017 through July 2020 using trammel nets and trawlers. Females were observed to be significantly larger than males for Gray’s and Osbeck’s grenadier anchovies but not for Chinese Gizzard Shad. The overall sex ratios of all three species showed a significant female bias. Gonad histology was applied to determine spawning season, peak spawning season, and length at 50% maturity for females and males. The spawning season of females lasted from April to September (peak spawning season in April–July) for Gray’s Grenadier Anchovy, from March to September (peak in March–June) for Osbeck’s Grenadier Anchovy, and from April to July (peak in May–July) for Chinese Gizzard Shad. Spawning seasons of males were similar to those of females. The estimated SLs at 50% maturity for females and males, respectively, were 11.3 and 9.4 cm for Gray’s Grenadier Anchovy, 12.7 and 10.4 cm for Osbeck’s Grenadier Anchovy, and 12.7 and 11.6 cm for Chinese Gizzard Shad. The spawning grounds for these species were located for the first time: in the Min River estuary for Gray’s Grenadier Anchovy, mainly in the adjacent nearshore waters and extending to the estuary for Osbeck’s Grenadier Anchovy, and mainly in the lower reaches of the Min River and extending to the estuary for Chinese Gizzard Shad. As important food fishes in the region, stocks of these three species have shown certain degrees of overexploitation; therefore, stock assessments and management plans are necessary to achieve their sustainable fisheries.
Changes in Habitat Conditions, Fish Populations, and the Fishery in Northern Green Bay, Lake Michigan, 1989–2019
Authors: Zorn Troy G. , Kramer Darren R. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Aquatic environments and biological communities in nearshore waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes have undergone extensive change in recent decades. The nearshore waters of northern Green Bay, Lake Michigan, have been subject to environmental change but are relatively unstudied, despite hosting important fisheries for Walleye Sander vitreus, Yellow Perch Perca flavescens, Northern Pike Esox lucius, and Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu. Our objectives were to (1) test for changes in water clarity and fish populations in northern Green Bay, Lake Michigan, during 1989–2019, (2) depict recent spatial patterns in abundance for species of management interest, and (3) test for effects of recent Great Lakes water level changes on Northern Pike recruitment. Fishes were sampled annually in August and September 1989–2019 via trawl and gill-net surveys at index sites. Mean water clarity increased 30% over this period. Aside from Round Goby Neogobius melanostomus, total catch rate of species in trawls decreased by over 90% between the 1990s and 2010s, with significant declines for Yellow Perch and pelagic forage fishes (coincident with dreissenid mussel invasion). Fish species richness in trawl and gill-net surveys and total gill-net catch rates declined significantly over time. Trends in gill-net catch rates of game fishes during 1989–2019 were species-specific, with spatial patterns often related to availability of preferred habitat conditions. Similar fish community changes to those we observed in northern Green Bay, Lake Michigan, have been noted in other Great Lakes, many being associated with invasion of dreissenid mussels and Round Goby. Increased water levels in Lake Michigan during the 2010s had a significant positive effect on Northern Pike recruitment, which highlights the importance of varying water levels, shoreline habitat conditions, and early life processes on population dynamics of fishes reproducing in inshore habitats.
Preparation of fiber core support UHMWPE/SiO2 composite hollow fiber membrane toward enhancing structure stability and antifouling
Authors: Xu Jianguo , Li Nana , Zhu Yaotian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to reduce the severe shrinkage of the UHMWPE membrane during low‐concentration molding processing. In this study, using SiO2 inorganic particles as inner reinforced materials and copper fibers as core support bodies significantly improved the structural stability of the membrane. Compared with the UHMWPE membrane, the shrinkage of the length and diameter of the Cu@UHMWPE/SiO2 membranes decreased by 84% and 61%, respectively, and the pure water flux increased by 322%. Copper fiber as a support material reduced the shrinkage of the membrane and improved pore connectivity. The tensile strength of Cu@UHMWPE/SiO2 was 6.8 MPa. Additionally, the Cu@UHMWPE/SiO2 membrane exerted a better antifouling performance. This study provided a new method to improve the structural stability of the UHMWPE membrane.
Cover Image, Volume 78, Issue 1
Authors: Bagheri Zeynab , Talebi Ali Asghar , Asgari Sassan , Mehrabadi Mohammad 
Published: December 2021

The cover image is based on the Research Article Wolbachia promotes successful sex with siblings in the parasitoid Habrobracon hebetor by Zeynab Bagheri et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.6649.
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Wide‐Gap Perovskite via Synergetic Surface Passivation and Its Application toward Efficient Stacked Tandem Photovoltaics
Authors: Huang Tianyi , Wang Rui , Nuryyeva Selbi , Tan Shaun , Xue Jingjing , Zhao Yepin , Wu Quantan , Weber Marc H. , Cheng Pei , Meng Dong , Yavuz Ilhan , Houk K. N. , Yang Yang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSuperior bandgap tunability enables solution‐processed halide perovskite a promising candidate for multi‐junction photovoltaics (PVs). Particularly, optically coupling wide‐gap perovskite by stacking with commercially available PVs such as silicon and CIGS (also known as 4‐terminal tandem) simplifies the technology transfer process, and further advances the commercialization potential of perovskite technology. However, compared with matured PV materials and the phase‐pure FAPbI3, wide‐gap perovskite still suffers from huge voltage deficits. Here, the authors take advantage of the synergetic effect behind a sequential fluoride and organic ammonium salt surface passivation strategy to control non‐radiative energy losses, and obtained a 17.7% efficiency in infrared‐transparent wide‐gap perovskite solar cells (21.1% for opaque device), and achieved efficiencies of over 25% when stacked with commercial Si and CIGS products with original PCEs of 18–20% under a 4‐terminal working condition.
Electric‐Field Assisted Hydrolysis‐Oxidation of MOFs: Hierarchical Ternary (Oxy)hydroxide Micro‐Flowers for Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Li Xia , Hou Mengxia , Qu Xinbo , Zhang Yunqiang , Li Mei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWater oxidation is the key process of electrocatalytic water splitting owing to its inherently slow kinetics. The ingenious design of microstructures for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts is an important way to accelerate the kinetics of the water splitting reaction. In this work, a facile electric‐field assisted alkaline hydrolysis‐oxidation strategy is proposed to prepare 3D layered micro‐flowers in situ constructed from ultra‐thin CoNiFe (oxy)hydroxide (CoNiFe‐OH) hexagonal plates by using Co/Ni/Fe metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) as sacrificial templates and metal sources. The growth of the ballflowers can be accurately controlled by matching the hydrolysis rate of MOFs templates and the coprecipitation rate of metal ions. More importantly, continuous oxidation voltage can drive transformation of some hydroxides into oxyhydroxide with abundant oxygen vacancies. Benefiting from the open structure with multiple electroactive sites and optimized chemical composition, the layered CoNiFe‐OH micro‐flowers show appealing OER electrocatalytic performance with a low overpotential of 207 mV@10 mA cm−2 and robust durability over 60 h. This work provides a strategy to prepare non‐noble hierarchical nanostructured electrocatalysts for electrochemical energy conversion.