bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ways to Improve Wear Resistance and Damping Properties of Radial Bearings Taking into Account Inertial Forces
Authors: Bagrova V N , Kolobov I A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article considers a radial sliding bearing of infinite length whose moving part consists of the support, the porous layer, and the liquid lubricant. The analysis of the existing design calculation methods for such sliding bearings shows that they are very approximate because they do not consider the inertial forces applied, the electric conductivity of the lubricant, the permeability anisotropy, as well as the impacts of the electric field vector, magnetic induction vector, and incomplete filling of the working gap (pre-accident condition). The authors demonstrate how these factors impact the stable operation of the device facilitating the hydrodynamic regime. The authors find the asymptotic solution for the zero, first, and second approximation taking into account the inertial forces for the “thin layer”. By solving the produced equations using the Gauss-Seidel method, the authors determine the key operating parameters of the friction couple in question: the carrying capacity and the friction force. The authors provide an impact assessment for the parameters characterizing the permeability of the porous coating, the electric conductivity, and viscosity of the lubricant, as well as the length of the loaded area and the impacts of inertial forces on the carrying capacity and the friction force.
Improving the Quality of the Underwater Robot’s Contactless Battery Charging System
Authors: Gerasimov V A , Komlev A V , Filozhenko A Yu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A special feature of the contactless battery charging system of an autonomous underwater robot is the use of a transformer with separating primary and secondary windings. As a result, a non-magnetic gap arises, which leads to the need to increase the primary current and the output current of the autonomous inverter. One of the ways to improve the quality of the system is the use of a resonant circuit at the inverter output in combination with the "soft switching" mode of its power switches. The use of resonance on the transformer secondary side also allows you to equalize the current loads of the primary and secondary windings. In this way, a minimum of losses in the inverter is achieved and the power transformer of the system is optimized. This allows you to reduce the size of the system while maintaining the transmitted power, or increase the transmitted power while maintaining the dimensions. The problem solved by using mathematical modelling with verification of the solution adequacy in a full-scale experiment.
Internet of Things (IoT) Security Alarms on ESP32-CAM
Authors: Salikhov R B , Abdrakhmanov V Kh , Safargalin I N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article presents the basic requirements for systems operating on the technology of the industrial / industrial "Internet of Things" (Industrial Internet of Things, IIoT). presents the main technologies with which it is recommended to develop IIoT devices. These are low-level programming of microcontrollers using the STM32 example, working with real-time systems (using Mbed OS as an example), using low-power wireless technologies, such as LoRa, 6LoWPAN, NB-IoT, ZigBee, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). It is also necessary to use special protocols, for example, the MQTT application layer protocol, the use of special cloud services, for example, Artik Cloud, IBM Cloud, Intel Cloud. The article also provides the main features of the choice of hardware - a development board for a microcontroller, wireless communication modules, as well as features of choosing software to accelerate the stage of initial debugging and development of a device prototype. It also provides a brief overview of existing security alarm solutions based on the Internet of Things (IoT) and Smart Home technologies. The idea of creating a budget solution based on Arduino and ESP32-CAM is presented. A prototype was assembled, the device was tested in operation.
Organization of Secure Communication between Programmable Logic Controllers Using the Open Platform Communications Protocol
Authors: Ametov F R , Bekirov E A , Asanov M M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Modern automated control systems in industrial and private enterprises are represented by a set of programmable logic devices and components from various manufacturers. They operate based on many of the most widely used protocols and interfaces. Some manufacturers have their own solutions that are mainly focused only on their product, without direct or indirect compatibility with third-party solutions. Many control systems used now operate on relatively old solutions that cannot be partially modernized due to lack of technical resources or financial unprofitability.
The paper considers the most popular industrial protocols Modbus and Profibus, analyzes their advantages, as well as features of the structure and functionality.
The study of the operation problems and information security of modern control systems is considered, solutions for their elimination are analyzed.
A solution for the control systems modernization was proposed based on the analysis. It can become effective and financially justified due to its technical features, allowing it to be adapted to existing solutions. Conclusions about the effectiveness of the proposed solution were formulated based on the data collected and the goals achieved.
Smart Metering and Scheduling of Electrical Loads of Buildings
Authors: Mishuchkov V , Pushkareva M , Belov S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article analyzes global trends in the development of smart metering and energy planning in buildings, the development and implementation of intelligent energy monitoring to collect and analyze data on energy consumption for management to improve energy efficiency, it considers the implementation of infrastructure for advanced smart metering smart home using NILM-technology non-intrusive load monitoring. It is shown that equipping buildings of various purposes in a smart city with real-time energy accounting systems with smart meters generates a new approach to improving the energy efficiency of buildings and contributes to the successful implementation of energy service contracts and energy management systems in them.
Heat Transfer at Film Cooling of an Array of Horizontal Tubes with an Enhanced Surface
Authors: Pecherkin N I , Pavlenko A N , Volodin O A , Kataev A I , Mironova I B , Das M K 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The paper presents investigation results about the influence of various methods of surface treatment on heat transfer enhancement in falling films of R21 Freon on an array of horizontal tubes. The experiments were carried out on the aluminum alloy tubes with a ceramic coating obtained by micro-arc oxidation and on copper tubes with a structured surface, treated by deformational cutting. The experiments were carried out in a regime of turbulent film flow at Reynolds numbers from 400 to 1500. The results of measuring the heat transfer coefficients on the surface of samples with a developed surface and on the standard smooth tube are compared. The highest values of heat transfer coefficients in falling films during nucleate boiling were obtained on a structured surface with semi-closed cavities. Heat transfer enhancement on the surface of a tube made of alloy D16T with the MAO coating of 30 μm thick, obtained in a silicate-alkaline electrolyte, is comparable to heat transfer enhancement on the surface of copper tubes with a microstructure applied by the deformational cutting method.
Autonomous Energy-Efficient Complexes Based on Crude Oil for Working in Arctic Conditions
Authors: Roslyakov P V , Proskurin Yu V , Grisha B G , Ionkin I L 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The work is devoted to solving scientific and technical problems on the development of new generation Russian power equipment. Comprehensive theoretical and experimental studies of the effect of aerodynamic and heat-mass exchange processes on the ignition and combustion of crude oil in the straitened conditions of fire-tube boilers are reviewed and described. Based on the results of the research, design developments were carried out, prototypes of a fire-tube hot-water boiler with a remoted economizer and an automated low-emission burner device were manufactured and successfully tested. The efficiency of the boiler more than 94% and the reduced level of pollutants emissions in the operating load range are confirmed.
Problems and Possible Options for Improving the Efficiency of Diesel Generation
Authors: Efimov N K , Vasiliev P F 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The potential for improving the energy efficiency of diesel generation really exists and can be estimated in real money. Reducing the fuel component is one of the priority areas. This article discusses the problems and possible options for the modernization and reconstruction of diesel generation, including the positive experience of JSC Sakhaenergo of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).
Laser Projection Positioning Improving at a Machine- Building Manufacturing Enterprise Method
Authors: Kruglova T N , Lukyanchikova D A , Shmelev G A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The goal of this work is to research a possibility of laser projection system adaptation to a machine-building manufacturing enterprise. A model example of the use of a computer vision system in production is the task of reducing the labor intensity of installing welded elements on a product, reducing the production time, and reducing the cost of work. A formal statement of the problem is given - to use a laser projection system in the conditions of assembly and welding production for positioning welded elements on the main product with respect to dimensional accuracy. For experimental research, a section of a machine-building production enterprise with a pre-defective product and welded elements was used. The research took place in two stages. As a result of the research, the results were obtained, confirming the efficiency of the method.
The Calculation Method of Ice Melting Schemes’ Relay Protection Settings and Clarification of the Ice Depositions Control Method on Steel Lightning Protection Wires
Authors: Zasypkin A S , Nagay V I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The method of current values calculation of overcurrent and undercurrent relay protections included in the complex of relay protection of ice melting schemes by alternating current on steel lightning protection wires of overhead transmission lines is analysed. A comparison with the generally accepted method, called the element-by-element method, is made. The element-by-element method is based on using the parameters of all the elements included in the ice melting scheme to calculate the maximum and minimum melting currents, from which the corresponding protections must be adjusted. These parameters have a significant variation, especially the active and internal reactive resistances of steel lightning protection wires at alternating current, what increases the calculation error. The proposed method, called the recalculation method, is based on the use of the trial melting mode parameters, carried out annually in the autumn season on lightning protection wires, with a duration up to 2 minutes. In difference to the usual practice, the trial melting has to be carried out 2 times with different currents. According to the parameters of the mode the settings of relay protection are recalculated using the given methods. The methodological and additional errors of the new method are estimated, that shows proposed method advantage. The parameters of the trial melting mode can be used to specify the methodology for remote control of ice formation (the length of the ice formation zone).
Modern Problems of Information Security in Control and Access Control Systems When Using Neural Networks
Authors: Chelukhin V A , Tikhonov S E , Aung Pyae Zone 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This work is devoted to a theoretical study of the investigation of incidents from the operation of access control systems using neural networks in our time. The work describes the processes of operation of control and access control systems, in which neural network technologies are most actively introduced among the components of access control and management systems, and which, from the introduction of neural networks into them, can show new vulnerabilities in the operation of the access control and management system as a whole.
Changes in the Structure and Thermal Conductivity of Crushed Ice Frozen Backfills
Authors: Zarichnyak Yu P , Gorbunova A Yu , Korablev V A , Ivanov V A , Pilipenko N V , Kovalenko A N , Nikolaev I N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Crushed ice backfills are widely used in the regions of the North. There, in natural conditions in winter, it can be easily prepared for the subsequent arrangement and repair of damaged temporary road surfaces, sealing cracks in the ice layer, backfilling with over-ice water and for the formation of ice refrigerant reserves in refrigerated food storage facilities.
Thermal Conductivity Structure and Anisotropy of the Colossal Carbon Mesotubes
Authors: Zarichnyak Yu P , Gorbunova A Yu , Korablev V A , Ivanov V A , Pilipenko N V , Kovalenko A N , Nikolaev I N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A model of a tube with a square cross-section was compiled for the mathematical analysis of the mesotube in Cartesian coordinates, with the selection of an element of a representative volume. To estimate the effective thermal conductivity of the structure, the generalized theory of conductivity with linearization of heat flux streamlines was used. The presence of anisotropy leads to the division of the problem into a separate estimate of the longitudinal and transverse thermal conductivity. The cross-section of the model was divided into elementary sections by a system of auxiliary adiabatic and isothermal planes, then the sections of the model were presented in the form of thermal resistances connected in chains - electrical circuits. Using the analogy of the identity of thermal and electrical resistances, the total conductivity of the sections and the effective thermal conductivity of the structure were determined. This methodology satisfies the test for limit transitions.
Studies of Dynamic Processes
Authors: Lukyanov G 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The traditional approach to experimental data processing is based on the estimation of the averaged characteristics of the process, such as mean, variance, and range. However, a deeper processing with the identification of the features of the non-wicked dynamic behavior of the process allows us to see those features that are very important for a more complete understanding of its essence. The article provides examples of identifying the features of the dynamic behavior of processes in the atmosphere, studying the dynamics of heat and mass transfer when air moves in the upper respiratory tract of a person, and acoustic vibrations excited by a flame in the environment. Using the example of processing the time series of fluctuations in atmospheric air temperature, it is shown what unexpected information can be hidden in dynamic changes.
Sea Transport of Fresh Water
Authors: Loshchenkov V V , Knyazhev V V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A modular automatic sea transport for the delivery of clean drinking fresh water has been proposed. Transport can be in underwater and surface versions. The transported fresh water and the surrounding seawater can be used as a source of energy for the movement and control of vehicles. Power plants based on osmosis or reverse electrodialysis are considered, as well as their possible joint use of plants of both types.
Assessment of the Homogeneity of Polymeric Materials Using Hounsfield Units
Authors: Kovalskii V M , Grin A A , Krylov V V , Vorotnikov A A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The X-ray transparency of various polymers and plastics is one of the most important factors in the choice of material in the design of new medical robotic and mechatronic systems and complexes. Along with the radiolucency, such a parameter as material inhomogeneity is also one of the main ones. The inhomogeneity of the material can not only affect the radiolucency of individual areas of the product but also impose restrictions on the use of polymeric materials by changing the physical and mechanical properties of the products. In this work, a technique was proposed for determining the location of regions of interest with reliable values on a CT image. Data were obtained for the values of the parameter HU and standard deviation for various polymer materials. A technique was proposed for determining the degree of heterogeneity of polymeric materials. The values of the degree of heterogeneity were obtained for all investigated materials.
On the Rural Electric Networks Reliability Level Issue
Authors: Naumov I V , Polkovskaya M N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The structure study, condition and 10 kV electric networks reliability level in the Irkutsk region for the period from 2016 to 2020 is carried out. The analysis is based on real data on the studied electric networks published in the open press. The Interactive Matlab system libraries and interfaces were used to calculate and analyze the studied indicator. The considered electric networks structure has investigated, algorithms and computer programs for the Matlab graphic editor are compiled with the help which changes time diagrams in the failures number, the interruptions time and the under-output electricity amount for each year months are constructed. The year months in which the highest damage occurs were determined. The electrical networks wear is considered, as well as the repair plan implementation for the main equipment. The reliability level according to the established indicators has analyzed, the main reasons for equipment failure are considered. The characteristics of improving considered electrical networks functioning are presented. Based on the conducted studies, it was found that the most damaged the considered overhead lines elements are: wires, supports, insulators, and switching devices. The characteristic reasons that lead to their damage are: wind load, damage to switching devices. The greatest damage is the Angarsky and Irkutsky branches networks characteristic (the average annual value all failures are 26.4 and 23.9%). The Kirensky and Cheremkhovsky branches networks are the least damaged annually. The obtained data probabilistic-statistical and correlation analysis, as well as the emergency outages risks analysis for the future, taking into account the seasonal component, is carried out.
Assessment of Technical Means Quality Indicators for Smart Transport Systems
Authors: Goloskokov K , Korotkov V , Marley V , Knysh T 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to show that it is necessary to assess the quality indicators for the technical means of smart transport systems. The quality of technical means, including smart transport systems, is associated with the selection of rational information processing technologies. Data in information systems is processed in different sections. The authors suggest an assessment technology for the operational quality of technical means of automated transport information systems. They identify the key quality indicators for the operation of technical means of information systems. The authors demonstrate that the operation of technical means can be characterized by the system task time, output data accuracy, and system implementability. They present the calculation of technical means quality indicators for smart transport systems
Simulation Model of Selective Assembly of the Conrod-Piston Group Unit of Internal Combustion Engines, Taking into Account Measurement Errors During Sorting
Authors: Filipovich O V , Balakin A I , Balakina N A , Filipovich V O 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The process of selective assembly of the conrod-piston group of an internal combustion engine, which provides the required accuracy of the connections, is considered. The functioning of a unit consisting of three main elements is described, the scheme of the assembly set-making is shown. The simulation model of a one-parameter selective assembly of three elements has been modernized by taking into account measurement errors arising from sorting into size groups. The modeling of the assembly process of the unit for a specific engine model has been carried out. A dependence is obtained that connects the required output indicator of the technological process with the parameter of the measurement quality. This research will allow solving the metrological problem associated with the choice of the optimal accuracy of measuring equipment under technical and economic constraints.
Efficiency of Off-Peak Electricity Conversion at Nuclear Power Plants Using Reversible Fuel Cells
Authors: Egorov A N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article provides a comparative analysis of the efficiency of off-peak electricity conversion at nuclear power plants (NPP) using reversible fuel cells (RFC). The RFC can ensure the NPP the baseline electrical load through hydrogen production by electrolysis of water, as well as an increase in its maneuverability due to generation of peak electricity. The calculations have shown that at the current stage of technological advancements, the use of RFCs in terms of achievable efficiency of off-peak electricity conversion has advantages over the hydrogen power complex which utilizes an additional steam turbine to generate peak electricity. The achievable advantage equals 2.84-4.25% and 7.72-11.58% at the RFC efficiency in the mode of peak power generation of 50% and 60%, respectively, which is 5.1-7.66 MW and 13.9-20.85 MW more than the generated peak electricity. It should be noted that an increase in the electrolysis mode efficiency facilitates the RFC advantages – from 24.44 to 36.65% and from 29.32 to 43.98% respectively. The use of the "cold" combustion technology for hydrogen fuel ensures not only high efficiency, but also reliability and safety of the hydrogen power complex operation
Modeling the Air Flow Cooling Process and Determining the Geometric Dimensions of the GASK Model
Authors: Zaychenko I V , Sokolova V S , Gordin S A , Bazheryanu V V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article is devoted to the calculation of the parameters of the air flow cooling process and the determination of the geometrical dimensions of a model of a gas-jet apparatus of a special design with a gas flow bifurcation (GASK). The article discusses the device and the principle of operation of the GASK, calculates the dependences of temperature on the pressure drop, gas flow rate on the gas pressure ratio. The calculated parameters of the process under consideration and the geometric dimensions of the GASK are given.