bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The transcription factor AtGLK1 acts upstream of MYBL2 to genetically regulate sucrose-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhao Dongming , Zheng Yuxuan , Yang lingjun , Yao Ziyu , Cheng Jianfeng , Zhang Fang , Jiang Haiyan , Liu Dong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
The regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis by various factors including sugars, light and abiotic stresses is mediated by numerous regulatory factors acting at the transcriptional level. Here experimental evidence was provided in order to demonstrate that the nuclear GARP transcription factor AtGLK1 plays an important role in regulating sucrose-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.

Results
The results obtained using real-time quantitative PCR and GUS staining assays revealed that AtGLK1 was mainly expressed in the green tissues of Arabidopsis seedlings and could be induced by sucrose. The loss-of-function glk1 glk2 double mutant has lower anthocyanin levels than the glk2 single mutant, although it has been determined that loss of AtGLK1 alone does not affect anthocyanin accumulation. Overexpression of AtGLK1 enhances the accumulation of anthocyanin in transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings accompanied by increased expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic and regulatory genes. Moreover, we found that AtGLK1 also participates in plastid-signaling mediated anthocyanin accumulations. Genetic, physiological, and molecular biological approaches demonstrated that AtGLK1 acts upstream of MYBL2, which is a key negative regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis, to genetically regulate sucrose-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis.

Conclusion
Our results indicated that AtGLK1 positively regulates sucrose-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis via MYBL2.
Modes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and evidence for preventive behavioral interventions
Authors: Zhou Lucas , Ayeh Samuel K. , Chidambaram Vignesh , Karakousis Petros C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCOVID-19 is a novel disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. During the global vaccination rollout, it is vital to thoroughly understand the modes of transmission of the virus in order to prevent further spread of variants and ultimately to end the pandemic. The current literature suggests that SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted among the human population primarily through respiratory droplets and, to a lesser extent, via aerosols. Transmission appears to be affected by temperature, humidity, precipitation, air currents, pH, and radiation in the ambient environment. Finally, the use of masks or facial coverings, social distancing, and hand washing are effective public health strategies in reducing the risk of exposure and transmission. Additional research is needed to further characterize the relative benefits of specific nonpharmaceutical interventions.
Body mass index and chronic kidney disease outcomes after acute kidney injury: a prospective matched cohort study
Authors:   for the ASSESS-AKI Study Investigators, MacLaughlin Helen L. , Pike Mindy , Selby Nicholas M. , Siew Edward , Chinchilli Vernon M. , Guide Andrew , Stewart Thomas G. , Himmelfarb Jonathan , Go Alan S. , Parikh Chirag R. , Ghahramani Nasrollah , Kaufman James , Ikizler T. Alp , Robinson-Cohen Cassianne 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) and obesity are independent risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to determine if obesity modifies risk for CKD outcomes after AKI.

Methods
This prospective multisite cohort study followed adult survivors after hospitalization, with or without AKI. The primary outcome was a combined CKD event of incident CKD, progression of CKD and kidney failure, examined using time-to-event Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for diabetes status, age, pre-existing CKD, cardiovascular disease status and intensive care unit admission, and stratified by study center. Body mass index (BMI) was added as an interaction term to examine effect modification by body size.

Results
The cohort included 769 participants with AKI and 769 matched controls. After median follow-up of 4.3 years, among AKI survivors, the rate of the combined CKD outcome was 84.7 per1000-person-years with BMI ≥30 kg/m2, 56.4 per 1000-person-years with BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2, and 72.6 per 1000-person-years with BMI 20–24.9 kg/m2. AKI was associated with a higher risk of combined CKD outcomes; adjusted-HR 2.43 (95%CI 1.87–3.16), with no evidence that this was modified by BMI (p for interaction = 0.3). After adjustment for competing risk of death, AKI remained associated with a higher risk of the combined CKD outcome (subdistribution-HR 2.27, 95%CI 1.76–2.92) and similarly, there was no detectable effect of BMI modifying this risk.

Conclusions
In this post-hospitalization cohort, we found no evidence for obesity modifying the association between AKI and development or progression of CKD.
Robust expression of LINE-1 retrotransposon encoded proteins in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Mukherjee Koel , Sur Debpali , Singh Abhijeet , Rai Sandhya , Das Neeladrisingha , Sekar Rakshanya , Narindi Srinu , Dhingra Vandana Kumar , Jat Bhinyaram , Balraam K. V. Vinu , Agarwal Satya Prakash , Mandal Prabhat Kumar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) results from a series of genetic alteration in squamous cells. This particular type of cancer considers one of the most aggressive malignancies to control because of its frequent local invasions to the regional lymph node. Although several biomarkers have been reported, the key marker used to predict the behavior of the disease is largely unknown. Here we report Long INterpersed Element-1 (LINE1 or L1) retrotransposon activity in post-operative oral cancer samples. L1 is the only active retrotransposon occupying around 17% of the human genome with an estimated 500,000 copies. An active L1 encodes two proteins (L1ORF1p and L1ORF2p); both of which are critical in the process of retrotransposition. Several studies report that the L1 retrotransposon is highly active in many cancers. L1 activity is generally determined by assaying L1ORF1p because of its high expression and availability of the antibody. However, due to its lower expression and unavailability of a robust antibody, detection of L1ORF2p has been limited. L1ORF2p is the crucial protein in the process of retrotransposition as it provides endonuclease and reverse transcriptase (RT) activity.

Methods
Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were performed on the post-operative oral cancer samples and murine tissues.

Results
Using in house novel antibodies against both the L1 proteins (L1ORF1p and L1ORF2p), we found L1 retrotransposon is extremely active in post-operative oral cancer tissues. Here, we report a novel human L1ORF2p antibody generated using an 80-amino-acid stretch from the RT domain, which is highly conserved among different species. The antibody detects significant L1ORF2p expression in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) samples and murine germ tissues.

Conclusions
We report exceptionally high L1ORF1p and L1ORF2p expression in post-operative oral cancer samples. The novel L1ORF2p antibody reported in this study will serve as a useful tool to understand why L1 activity is deregulated in OSCC and how it contributes to the progression of this particular cancer. Cross-species reactivity of L1ORF2p antibody due to the conserved epitope will be useful to study the retrotransposon biology in mice and rat germ tissues.
The match between what is prescribed and reasons for prescribing in exercise referral schemes: a mixed method study
Authors: Shore Colin B. , Hubbard Gill , Gorely Trish , Hunter Angus M. , Galloway Stuart D. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Exercise referral schemes (ERS) aim to tackle non-communicable disease (NCD) by increasing physical activity levels through prescribed exercise. However, there is a sparsity of knowledge upon what exercises are prescribed and if they are targeted towards tackling NCD.

Method
Mixed methods were employed. Quantitative data was extracted from exercise prescription cards of 50 participants and were assessed for frequency, intensity, type and time of prescribed exercise. Descriptive measures of aggregate data are expressed as median (range: minimum-maximum). Thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews generated qualitative data on exercise referral instructors’ experiences of prescribing exercise.

Results
Thirty-eight different types of exercise were prescribed. Median prescription was 4 (1–11) exercises per session, at a moderate intensity. Participants were prescribed a median of 35 (5–70) minutes of aerobic exercise per referral session. Exercise referral instructors prescribed exercise to improve activities of daily living, promote independence and autonomy of participants, rather than explicitly targeting the referral condition.

Conclusions
Knowledge that prescribed exercises are not explicitly targeted to the referral condition provides critical information in understanding the purpose of exercise prescription. Future evaluations of ERS should be mindful of this, that is, perceived outcomes might not match up to what is being prescribed within ERS.
Exploring the bone sparing effects of postbiotics in the post-menopausal rat model
Authors: Montazeri-Najafabady Nima , Ghasemi Younes , Dabbaghmanesh Mohammad Hossein , Ashoori Yousef , Talezadeh Pedram , Koohpeyma Farhad , Abootalebi Seyedeh Narjes , Gholami Ahmad 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Post-menopausal osteoporosis is a concern of health organizations, and current treatments do not seem enough. Postbiotics as bioactive compounds produced by probiotics may be an attractive alternative for bone health. In this study, we prepared, formulated, and compared the effects of cell lysate and supernatant of five native probiotic strains (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium longum, and Bacillus coagulans) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats.

Methods
The probiotic strains were isolated, and their cell-free supernatants and biomasses as postbiotics were extracted and formulated using standard microbial processes. The Sprague-Dawley rats were fed by 1 × 109 CFU/ml/day postbiotic preparations for 4 weeks immediately after ovariectomy. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans were accomplished to evaluate femur, spine, and tibia BMD. The serum biochemical markers [calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase] were assessed.

Results
Postbiotics could considerably improve the global and femur area in OVX rats. In the case of global bone mineral density (BMD), Lactobacillus casei lysate and supernatant, Bacillus coagulans lysate and supernatant, lysate of Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Lactobacillus reuteri supernatant significantly increased BMD. We found Bacillus coagulans supernatant meaningfully enriched tibia BMD.

Conclusion
Postbiotic could ameliorate bone loss resulting from estrogen deficiency. Also, the effects of postbiotics on different bone sites are strain-dependent. More clinical studies need to explore the optimal administrative dose and duration of the specific postbiotics in protecting bone loss.
Promising PEGylated cationic dendrimers for delivery of miRNAs as a possible therapy against HIV-1 infection
Authors: Royo-Rubio E. , Rodríguez-Izquierdo I. , Moreno-Domene M. , Lozano-Cruz T. , de la Mata F. J. , Gómez R. , Muñoz-Fernández M. A. , Jiménez J. L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
The appearance of resistance against new treatments and the fact that HIV-1 can infect various cell types and develop reservoirs and sanctuaries makes it necessary to develop new therapeutic approaches to overcome those failures.

Results
Studies of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, complexes formation, stability, resistance, release and particle size distribution confirmed that G2-SN15-PEG, G3-SN31-PEG, G2-SN15-PEG-FITC and G3-SN31-PEG-FITC dendrimers can form complexes with miRNAs being biocompatible, stable and conferring protection to these nucleic acids. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry showed effective delivery of these four dendrimers into the target cells, confirming their applicability as delivery systems. Dendriplexes formed with the dendrimers and miRNAs significantly inhibited HIV-1 infection in PBMCs.

Conclusions
These dendrimers are efficient delivery systems for miRNAs and they specifically and significantly improved the anti-R5-HIV-1 activity of these RNA molecules.

Graphic Abstract
Clinical report of a neonate carrying a large deletion in the 10p15.3p13 region and review of the literature
Authors: Shao Qiao-Yan , Wu Pei-Lin , Lin Bi-Yun , Chen Sen-Jing , Liu Jian , Chen Su-Qing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundTerminal deletion of chromosome 10p is a rare chromosomal abnormality. We report a neonatal case with a large deletion of 10p15.3p13 diagnosed early because of severe clinical manifestations.Case presentationOur patient presented with specific facial features, hypoparathyroidism, sen sorineural deafness, renal abnormalities, and developmental retardation, and carried a 12.6 Mb deletion in the 10p15.3 p13 region. The terminal 10p deletion involved in our patient is the second largest reported terminal deletion reported to date, and includes theZMYND11andGATA3genes and a partial critical region of the DiGeorge syndrome 2 gene (DGS2).ConclusionOn the basis of a literature review, this terminal 10p deletion in the present case is responsible for a specific contiguous gene syndrome. This rare case may help the understanding of the genotype–phenotype spectrum of terminal deletion of chromosome 10p.
Assessing diatom-mediated fatty acids in intertidal biofilm: a new conservation concern
Authors: Ollinik Jessica E. , Chua Candice C. , Brunswick Pamela , Elner Robert W. , Blajkevitch Oxana , Kim Marcus , van Aggelen Graham , Drever Mark C. , Shang Dayue 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBiofilm communities on intertidal mudflats are recognized as major producers of nutrients, especially fatty acids. The rising threats posed by both climatic and anthropogenic stressors increase the necessity of understanding and conserving these communities. Shorebirds provide a proxy for studying the complex ecology of biofilm communities because of their heavy reliance on fatty acids from diatomaceous biofilm for successful long-distance migration. Herein, we review biofilm feeding patterns by migratory shorebirds, experimental design considerations for sampling and studying the fatty acid content of biofilm, and the literature describing established and emerging analytical methodology. Techniques for fatty acid analysis include the commonly employed gas chromatography–flame ionization detection (GC/FID) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with derivatization. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and liquid chromatography–quadrupole time of flight (LC/QTOF) are newly emerging techniques that enable derivatization to be eliminated. In addition, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT/IR), a common instrument in chemistry laboratories, has applications in fatty acid research, specifically for screening. Using a combination of sampling and analytical methods is necessary for improved understanding of intertidal biofilm, both as a source of essential fatty acids in aquatic systems and a critical food for shorebirds.
Triazole analogues as potential pharmacological agents: a brief review
Authors: Kumar Sachin , Khokra Sukhbir Lal , Yadav Akash 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
A large number of studies have recently reported that, because of their significant biological and pharmacological properties, heterocyclic compounds and their derivatives have attracted a strong interest in medicinal chemistry. The triazole nucleus is one of the most important heterocycles which has a feature of natural products as well as medicinal agents. Heterocyclic nitrogen is abundantly present in most medicinal compounds. The derivatization of triazole ring is based on the phenomenon of bio-isosteres in which substituted the oxygen atom of oxadiazole nucleus with nitrogen triazole analogue.

Main text
This review focuses on recent synthetic procedure of triazole moiety, which comprises of various pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antitubercular, anthelmintic, antioxidant, antimalarial, antiviral, etc..

Conclusion
This review highlights the current status of triazole compounds as different multi-target pharmacological activities. From the literature survey, triazole is the most widely used compound in different potential activities.
Transmission characteristics of terahertz waves in high-temperature inhomogeneous magnetized plasma
Authors: Wan Xiao-Huan , Zhou Zhi-Kun , Zhang Juan , Li Xiao-Lin , Ren Xue-Ping , Zhou Yu-Shan , Meng Hong-Juan , Wang Jing , Fan Xiao-Bei , Shi Yu-Ren 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe transmission characteristics of terahertz waves propagating in high-temperature magnetized inhomogeneous plasma are theoretically analyzed. The influence of physical parameters, such as the electron density, collision frequency, plasma thickness, magnetic field strength, electron temperature, and so on, on the transmission properties is considered systematically. Numerical results show that these parameters will affect the propagation characteristics of terahertz waves travelling in plasma. Especially, when the electron temperature of the plasma or the magnetic field is adjusted to an appropriate value, a sharp transmissivity peak (absorptivity valley) will be produced in the stop band. As the intensity of the magnetic field increases, the corresponding frequency of the transmissivity peak (absorptivity valley) will gradually shift to higher frequencies. The peak (valley) value will gradually increase as the electron temperature increases. These theoretical results may be used to effectively alleviate the “blackout problem”.
Preventive Migraine Treatment
Authors: Burch Rebecca 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article provides an overview of preventive interventions for migraine, including when to start and how to choose a treatment, pharmacologic options (both older oral treatments and new monoclonal antibodies to calcitonin gene-related peptide [CGRP] or its receptor), nonpharmacologic treatment such as neuromodulation, and preventive treatment of refractory migraine.

RECENT FINDINGS
The migraine preventive treatment landscape has been transformed by the development of monoclonal antibodies targeting CGRP or its receptor. These treatments, which are given subcutaneously or intravenously monthly or quarterly, have high efficacy and were well tolerated in clinical trials. Emerging real-world studies have found higher rates of adverse events than were seen in clinical trials. They are currently recommended for use if two traditional preventive therapies have proven inadequate. Since the commonly cited 2012 American Headache Society/American Academy of Neurology migraine prevention guidelines were released, clinical trials supporting the preventive use of lisinopril, candesartan, and memantine have been published. Neuromodulation devices, including external trigeminal nerve stimulation and single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation devices, have modest evidence to support preventive use. The American Headache Society/American Academy of Neurology guidelines for the preventive treatment of migraine are currently being updated. A new class of oral CGRP receptor antagonists (gepants) is being tested for migraine prevention.

SUMMARY
Successful preventive treatment of migraine reduces disease burden and improves quality of life. Many pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment options are available for the prevention of migraine, including newer therapies aimed at the CGRP pathway as well as older treatments with good evidence for efficacy. Multiple treatment trials may be required to find the best preventive for an individual patient.
Optimal Perioperative Pain Management in Esophageal Surgery: An Evaluation of Paravertebral Analgesia
Authors: Feenstra Minke L. , ten Hoope Werner , Hermanides Jeroen , Gisbertz Suzanne S. , Hollmann Markus W. , van Berge Henegouwen Mark I. , Eshuis Wietse J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundFor esophagectomy, thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) is the standard of care for perioperative pain management. Although effective, TEA is associated with moderate to serious adverse events such as hypotension and neurologic complications. Paravertebral analgesia (PVA) may be a safe alternative. The authors hypothesized that TEA and PVA are similar in efficacy for pain treatment in thoracolaparoscopic Ivor Lewis esophagectomy.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study compared TEA with PVA in two consecutive series of 25 thoracolaparoscopic Ivor Lewis esophagectomies. In this study, TEA consisted of continuous epidural bupivacaine and sufentanil infusion with a patient-controlled bolus function. In PVA, the catheter was inserted by the surgeon under thoracoscopic vision during surgery. Administration of PVA consisted of continuous paravertebral bupivacaine infusion after a bolus combined with patient-controlled analgesia using intravenous morphine. The primary outcome was the median highest recorded Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NRS) during the 3 days after surgery. The secondary outcomes were vasopressor consumption, fluid administration, and length of hospital stay.ResultsIn both groups, the median highest recorded NRS was 4 or lower during the first three postoperative days. The patients with PVA had a higher overall NRS (mean difference, 0.75; 95% confidence interval 0.49–1.44). No differences were observed in any of the other secondary outcomes.ConclusionFor the patients undergoing thoracolaparoscopic Ivor Lewis esophagectomy, TEA was superior to PVA, as measured by NRS during the first three postoperative days. However, both modes provided adequate analgesia, with a median highest recorded NRS of 4 or lower. These results could form the basis for a randomized controlled trial.