bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are litter, plastic and microplastic quantities increasing in the ocean?
Authors: Galgani Francois , Brien Aleke Stoefen-o , Weis Judith , Ioakeimidis Christos , Schuyler Qamar , Makarenko Iryna , Griffiths Huw , Bondareff Joan , Vethaak Dick , Deidun Alan , Sobral Paula , Topouzelis Konstantinos , Vlahos Penny , Lana Fernanda , Hassellov Martin , Gerigny Olivia , Arsonina Bera , Ambulkar Archis , Azzaro Maurizio , Bebianno Maria João 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhilst both plastic production and inputs at sea have increased since the 1950s, several modelling studies predict a further increase in the coming years in these respective quantities. We compiled scientific literature on trends in marine litter, consisting largely of plastic and microplastics in the ocean, understanding that monitoring programs or assessments for these aspects are varied, frequently focusing on limited components of the marine environment in different locations, and covering a wide spectrum of marine litter types, with limited standardization. Here we discuss how trends in the amounts of litter in the marine environment can be compared with the information provided by models. Increasing amounts of plastic are found in some regions, especially in remote areas, but many repeated surveys and monitoring efforts have failed to demonstrate any consistent real temporal trend. An observed steady state situation of plastic quantities in many marine compartments and the fate and transport of plastic in the marine environment remain areas for much needed further research.
Development of an Actionable Framework to Address Cancer Care Disparities in Medically Underserved Populations in the United States: Expert Roundtable Recommendations
Authors: Winkfield Karen M. , Regnante Jeanne M. , Miller-Sonet Ellen , González Evelyn T. , Freund Karen M. , Doykos Patricia M. 
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE: Cancer disparities persist among medically underserved populations despite widespread efforts to address them. We describe the development of a framework for addressing cancer care disparities across the cancer care continuum (CCC), guided by the CCC domains established by the Institute of Medicine/National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (IOM/NAS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: An environmental scan was conducted to identify strategies and associated experts who are providing or have successfully provided community- and/or patient-centric IOM/NAS-defined domain standards to our target populations. A multistakeholder expert roundtable working group was convened for framework development. A premeeting survey informed agenda development, documented expert practices for target populations, and identified priority areas for meeting focus. RESULTS: The environmental scan identified 84 unique experts across 8 stakeholder groups and 44 patient organizations; 50 were invited to the roundtable and 33 participated. They broadly represented disease sites, geography, and experience with target populations and all CCC domains. The premeeting survey (16 responses) identified coordination of care or patient navigation (66.7%), community engagement (60.0%), and healthcare system changes (53.3%) as priority focus areas. The experts identified access and treatment barriers or gaps within and between CCC domains, specified key notable practices to address these, and developed an actionable framework and recommendations for each priority focus area. CONCLUSION: The framework and recommendations are intended to guide researchers, healthcare leaders, advocates, community- and patient-focused service organizations, and policy leaders to address and promote health equity in cancer care access and treatment outcomes.
Insulin-like Growth Factor-1, Bone Mineral Density, and Fracture: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Wan Zi-Hao , Cheng Shi-Le , Michaëlsson Karl , Larsson Susanna C 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Context
The associations of circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels with bone mineral density and fracture risk are inconclusive in observational studies.

Objective
We conducted a mendelian randomization study to assess the associations of serum IGF-1 levels with estimated bone mineral density (eBMD) and fracture.

Methods
Genetic instruments for IGF-1 were selected at the genome-wide significance level (P &lt; 5 × 10–8) from a genome-wide association study including 358 072 individuals of European ancestry. Summary-level data for eBMD (426 824 individuals) and fracture (53 184 fracture cases and 373 611 noncases) were obtained from the UK Biobank study. Univariable and multivariable mendelian randomization analyses methods were used to estimate the associations of IGF-1 with eBMD and fracture. The main outcome measure included the change of eBMD and odds ratio of fracture per genetically predicted 1-SD increase of serum IGF-1 levels.

Results
For 1-SD increase in IGF-1, the change of eBMD levels was 0.04 g/cm2 (95% CI, 0.01-0.07; P = .011) and the odds ratio of fracture was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.91-0.98; P = .003). The associations persisted with similar magnitude after adjustment for height. The association was consistent for fracture but not for eBMD after excluding genetic instruments that might directly influence these outcomes. The association between IGF-1 and fracture was somewhat attenuated after adjustment for eBMD (odds ratio 0.96; 95% CI, 0.92-0.99; P = .012).

Conclusion
The present study supports a role for IGF-1 in preventing fracture, possibly and partly mediated by greater bone mineral density.
Paraneoplastic Secretion of Multiple Phosphatonins From a Deep Fibrous Histiocytoma Causing Oncogenic Osteomalacia
Authors: Leow Melvin Khee Shing , Dogra Shaillay , Ge Xiaojia , Chuah Khoon Leong , Liew Huiling , Loke Kelvin Siu Hoong , McFarlane Craig 
Published: January 2021

AbstractContextLiterature suggests that oncogenic osteomalacia is usually caused by a benign mesenchymal tumor secreting fibroblast growth factor subtype-23 (FGF-23), but the involvement of other phosphatonins has only been scarcely reported. We have previously published a seemingly typical case of oncogenic osteomalacia. Following curative neoplasm resection, we now report unique molecular characteristics and biology of this tumor.Case DescriptionA 25-year-old man had been diagnosed with severe oncogenic osteomalacia that gradually crippled him over 6 years. 68Ga-DOTA-TATE positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan localized the culprit tumor to his left sole, which on resection revealed a deep fibrous histiocytoma displaying a proliferation of spindle cells with storiform pattern associated with multinucleated giant cells resembling osteoclasts. Circulating FGF-23, which was elevated more than 2-fold, declined to undetectable levels 24 h after surgery. Microarray analysis revealed increased tumor gene expression of the phosphatonins FGF-23, matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE) and secreted frizzled-related protein subtype 4, with elevated levels of all 3 proteins confirmed through immunoblot analysis. Differential expression of genes involved in bone formation and bone mineralization were further identified. The patient made an astonishing recovery from being wheelchair bound to fully self-ambulant 2 months postoperatively.ConclusionThis report describes oncogenic osteomalacia due to a deep fibrous histiocytoma, which coincidentally has been found to induce profound muscle weakness via the overexpression of 3 phosphatonins, which resolved fully upon radical resection of the tumor. Additionally, genes involved in bone formation and bone remodeling contribute to the molecular signature of oncogenic osteomalacia.
Metastatic Pheochromocytomas and Abdominal Paragangliomas
Authors: Granberg Dan , Juhlin Carl Christofer , Falhammar Henrik 
Published: January 2021

AbstractContextPheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are believed to harbor malignant potential; about 10% to 15% of pheochromocytomas and up to 50% of abdominal paragangliomas will exhibit metastatic behavior.Evidence AcquisitionExtensive searches in the PubMed database with various combinations of the key words pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma, metastatic, malignant, diagnosis, pathology, genetic, and treatment were the basis for the present review.Data SynthesisTo pinpoint metastatic potential in PPGLs is difficult, but nevertheless crucial for the individual patient to receive tailor-made follow-up and adjuvant treatment following primary surgery. A combination of histological workup and molecular predictive markers can possibly aid the clinicians in this aspect. Most patients with PPGLs have localized disease and may be cured by surgery. Plasma metanephrines are the main biochemical tests. Genetic testing is important, both for counseling and prognostic estimation. Apart from computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, molecular imaging using 68Ga-DOTATOC/DOTATATE should be performed. 123I-MIBG scintigraphy may be performed to determine whether 131I-MIBG therapy is a possible option. As first-line treatment in patients with metastatic disease, 177Lu-DOTATATE or 131I-MIBG is recommended, depending on which shows best expression. In patients with very low proliferative activity, watch-and-wait or primary treatment with long-acting somatostatin analogues may be considered. As second-line treatment, or first-line in patients with high proliferative rate, chemotherapy with temozolomide or cyclophosphamide + vincristine + dacarbazine is the therapy of choice. Other therapies, including sunitinib, cabozantinib, everolimus, and PD-1/PDL-1 inhibitors, have shown modest effect.ConclusionsMetastatic PPGLs need individualized management and should always be discussed in specialized and interdisciplinary tumor boards. Further studies and newer treatment modalities are urgently needed.
Cortical recruitment of centralspindlin and RhoA effectors during meiosis I of Caenorhabditis
elegans primary spermatocytes
Authors: Wang Xiangchuan , Zhang Dandan , Zheng Cunni , Wu Shian , Glotzer Michael , Tse Yu Chung 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Haploid male gametes are produced through meiosis during gametogenesis. Whereas the cell biology of mitosis and meiosis is well studied in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, comparatively little is known regarding the physical division of primary spermatocytes during meiosis I. Here, we investigated this process using high-resolution time-lapse confocal microscopy and examined the spatiotemporal regulation of contractile ring assembly in C. elegans primary spermatocytes. We found that centralspindlin and RhoA effectors were recruited to the equatorial cortex of dividing primary spermatocytes for contractile ring assembly before segregation of homologous chromosomes. We also observed that perturbations shown to promote centralspindlin oligomerization regulated the cortical recruitment of NMY-2 and impacted the order in which primary spermatocytes along the proximal–distal axis of the gonad enter meiosis I. These results expand our understanding of the cellular division of primary spermatocytes into secondary spermatocytes during meiosis I.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
The phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate-binding protein SNX4 controls ATG9A recycling and autophagy
Authors: Ravussin Anthony , Brech Andreas , Tooze Sharon A. , Stenmark Harald 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Late endosomes and lysosomes (endolysosomes) receive proteins and cargo from the secretory, endocytic and autophagic pathways. Although these pathways and the degradative processes of endolysosomes are well characterized, less is understood about protein traffic from these organelles. In this study, we demonstrate the direct involvement of the phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P)-binding SNX4 protein in membrane protein recycling from endolysosomes, and show that SNX4 is required for proper autophagic flux. We show that SNX4 mediates recycling of the lipid scramblase ATG9A, which drives expansion of nascent autophagosome membranes, from endolysosomes to early endosomes, from where ATG9A is recycled to the trans-Golgi network in a retromer-dependent manner. Upon siRNA-mediated depletion of SNX4 or the retromer component VPS35, we observed accumulation of ATG9A on endolysosomes and early endosomes, respectively. Moreover, starvation-induced autophagosome biogenesis and autophagic flux were inhibited when SNX4 was downregulated. We propose that proper ATG9A recycling by SNX4 sustains autophagy by preventing exhaustion of the available ATG9A pool.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
An endometrial organoid model of interactions between Chlamydia and epithelial and immune cells
Authors: Dolat Lee , Valdivia Raphael H. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Our understanding of how the obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis reprograms the function of infected cells in the upper genital tract is largely based on observations made in cell culture with transformed epithelial cell lines. Here, we describe a primary organoid system derived from endometrial tissue to recapitulate epithelial cell diversity, polarity and ensuing responses to Chlamydia infection. Using high-resolution and time-lapse microscopy, we catalog the infection process in organoids from invasion to egress, including the reorganization of the cytoskeleton and positioning of intracellular organelles. We show this model is amenable to screening C. trachomatis mutants for defects in the fusion of pathogenic vacuoles, the recruitment of intracellular organelles and inhibition of cell death. Moreover, we reconstructed a primary immune cell response by co-culturing infected organoids with neutrophils, and determined that effectors like CPAF (also known as CT858) and TepP (also known as CT875) limit the recruitment of neutrophils to infected organoids. Collectively, our model can be applied to study the cell biology of Chlamydia infections in three-dimensional structures that better reflect the diversity of cell types and polarity encountered by Chlamydia in their animal hosts.
Urea-accelerated Iridium-catalyzed 2-Position-selective C–H Borylation of Indole Derivatives
Authors: Wang Jie , Torigoe Takeru , Kuninobu Yoichiro 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We developed iridium-catalyzed 2-position-selective C–H borylation of indole derivatives by modifying the structure of a bipyridine-type ligand. The yields ranged from good to excellent, even on a gram scale, and were dramatically improved by the addition of a urea derivative catalyst. The introduced boryl group was converted to chloro, bromo, and phenyl groups without isolation of the borylated intermediate. Preliminary results indicated the importance of hydrogen bonding between the substrate and the urea additive.
A multidimensional quality model: an opportunity for patients, their kin, healthcare providers and professionals to coproduce health
Authors: Lachman Peter , Batalden Paul , Vanhaecht Kris 
Published: January 2021

Background: It is twenty years since the US Institute of Medicine (IOM) defined quality in healthcare, as comprising six domains: person-centredness, timeliness, efficiency, effectiveness, safety and equity. Since then, a new quality movement has emerged, with the development of numerous interventions aimed at improving quality, with a focus on accessibility, safety and effectiveness of care. Further gains in equity and timeliness have proven even more challenging. The challenge: With the emergence of “service-oriented” systems, complexity science, the challenges of climate change, the growth of social media and the internet and the new reality of COVID-19, the original domains proposed by the IOM invite reflection on their relevance and possibility for improvement. The possible solution: In this paper we propose a revised model of quality that is built on never-ending learning and includes new domains, such as Ecology and Transparency, which reflect the changing worldview of healthcare. We also introduce the concept of person- or “kin-centred care” to emphasise the shared humanity of people involved in the interdependent work. This is a more expansive view of what “person-centredness” began. The delivery of health and healthcare requires people working in differing roles, with explicit attention to the lived realities of the people in the roles of professional and patient. The new model will provide a construct that may make the attainment of equity in healthcare more possible with a focus on kindness for all.
Analysis of ion currents in mass spectrometric profiles using glioblastoma tissue
Authors: Sorokin Anatoly A. , Zhvansky Evgeny S. , Zavorotnyuk Denis S. , Shurkhay Vsevolod A. , Bormotov Denis S. , Potapov Alexander A. 
Published: January 2021

Background: The development of direct ambient ionization methods makes way for fast mass-spectrometry profiling of biological samples, which has great potential in medicine. Those methods, unlike traditional mass spectrometric analysis with chromatographic separation, are not able to take into account inter-ion interaction, ion suppression, and matrix effect due to the absence of chromatographic separation of the mixture components. So dynamics of ion current during direct ambient ionization mass-spectra is governed by the component micro-extraction and electrospray ionization influenced by the geometry of the sample, its position, and internal heterogeneity. Despite the progress in mass-spectrometry of biological samples, not much is known about the influence of sample type and structure on its molecular profile peculiarities. Methods: In this work, we propose to use analysis of the correlation between individual ion currents for a better understanding of ion current variability sources and grouping ions of high biological importance. Several fragments of glioblastoma tissue from a single patient are used for these purposes. Results: Ion currents have different dynamics considering different ions in different fragments. The correlation of two selected ion currents could be positive or negative for single fragment measurement. Correlations have persistent or alternating signs in different fragments for two selected ions. The spread of correlations of each pair of ion currents is calculated for evaluation of the signs’ stability. Conclusions: We were able to group ions according to the primary reason for their variabilities such as micro-extraction, mass-spectrometry measurement, or specimens' properties. Such grouping would allow the development of more reliable and reproducible methods of mass-spectrometry data analysis and improve the accuracy of results of its application in medicine.
PRÓLOGO A LA ANTOLOGÍA DE THEOTONIO DOS SANTOS
Authors: Bruckmann Mónica 
Published: January 2021

Espero que não sofras maisTerras e maresSuaves montanhasDoces paisagenscobertas de sangue Formosos cenários de lutas infernaisImenso caldeirãoonde fervem as paixõesde tantos e tantos povospor séculos e séculos enfrentadosna franja de impérios colossaisMassa concentrada de emoçõesÓdio e amor em estranho contubérnio.Homem/mulherArmas/morteSangue/terraPátria/luta. Dura sobrevivênciaPátria - luta – mundo imensos ideais aqui ficam cultivadosà busca da paz duradourapara toda a humanidadenão pode garantir a pazpara o próprio povoferido de mortenas suas próprias entranhas Quisera estabelecer a tolerânciadas raças, dos povos,religiões, línguas e pátriassonho de uma só nação unificadapela resistência aos opressores Aqui se formou a vitoriosaambição do não alinhamentoque derrubou impérios colossaisaltiva cabeça erguida contra ospoderosos Eis que a construção de pazse rue sob as armas do terror Feridas profundasódios ancestraisque os poderosos souberam açularBraças revolvidas pelas ambiçõesPelos desejos de expansãodetidos pela indomávele generosa coragemdos que lutaram por seus sonhosAuto-governoAuto-nomiaAuto-gestãodos povos e dos indivíduoslivres e solidáriosAqueles que conheci emcolóquios intermináveis.(DOS SANTOS, 2002)
Broadband terahertz absorber with gradient ring resonators based on a discrete spiral topological distribution
Authors: Pan Hao , Zhang Haifeng , Tian Xingliang , Zhang Dan 
Published: January 2021

In this work, we propose a novel broadband terahertz (THz) metamaterial absorber (MMA) based on double-spiral structures, including discrete and continuous ones. The gradient ring resonators are in a discrete spiral topological distribution to expand the absorption band. By stacking two layers with a certain proportion, the proposed THz MMA can further enhance the energy loss to achieve absorption over 0.9 for TE mode at 2.57–5.19 THz and TM mode at 2.43–5.6 THz, with relative absorption bandwidths (RABWs) of 67.5% and 81.7%, respectively. Meanwhile, the polarization-insensitive bandwidth is 2.57–5.19 THz, with RABW of 67.5%. In addition, the normalized impedance for both modes is investigated. Furthermore, according to the analysis of the distributions of the surface current and electric field, it is clear that the electromagnetic energy loss mainly originates from the electric and magnetic resonances induced by the interaction between the metal resonators. To a certain extent, the Fabry–Perot resonance existing between the dielectric layers also contributes to the improvement of the absorption. This THz MMA, based on a unique double-spiral arrangement, can be used in many fields owing to its ultra-broad absorption band and polarization-insensitive characteristic in a broad band.
SESAM mode-locked Yb:YAB thin-disk oscillator delivering an average power of 19 W
Authors: Dannecker Benjamin , Beirow Frieder , Weichelt Birgit , Rytz Daniel , Graf Thomas , Abdou Ahmed Marwan 
Published: January 2021

We report on a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror mode-locked thin-disk oscillator based on Yb:YAB delivering pulses with a duration of 462 fs at an average output power of 19.2 W and a pulse energy of 0.38 µJ.
Highly resistant all-silica polarizing coatings for normal incidence applications
Authors: Grineviciute Lina , Ramalis Lukas , Buzelis Rytis , Tolenis Tomas 
Published: January 2021

Several fundamental restrictions limit the implementation of microlasers in high power systems, low resistivity of coatings and compactness of elements, especially if control of polarization is necessary. Thin-film-based coatings with extremely high optical resistivity and polarizing properties for normal incidence could become a preferable solution. In this Letter, a novel multilayer approach to form all-silica polarizing coatings for normal incidence angle applications is proposed. Laser induced damage thresholds (test one-on-one) at the wavelength of 355 nm were

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for the reflected and transmitted polarizations, respectively. Such elements can essentially improve tolerated radiation power and allow for production of more compact laser systems.
Broad and flat dual-band NIR luminescence from Er3+/Tm3+/Ho3+ tri-doped tellurite glass
Authors: Xia Lizhang , Zhang Yu , Shen Xinjie , Zhou Yaxun 
Published: January 2021

We report the near-infrared (NIR) broadband luminescent property of tellurite glasses incorporated with

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ions. Under the excitation of a commercial 808 nm laser diode, two ultra-broadband and flat NIR luminescent bands ranging from 1350–1600 and 1600–2200 nm with respective full width at half-maximums of 153 and 374 nm. were obtained simultaneously in tellurite glass with an optimal combination of three

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ions. This valuable discovery enables us to develop new, to the best of our knowledge, NIR broadband fiber amplifiers and tunable lasers which can be applied to fields such as optical communication and biomedicine.