Abstract 615: Differential pathway analyses of BCG-treated T1HG bladder cancer using Philips OncoSignal: A pilot study
Authors: De Jong Florus C. , Laajala Teemu D. , Hoedemaeker Robert F. , Rinaldetti Sébastien , Mensink Jolien T. , Van Der Made Angelique C. , Van der Schoot Deric K. , Boevé Egbert R. , Zwarthoff Ellen C. , Boormans Joost L. , Theodorescu Dan , Costello James C. , Zuiverloon Tahlita C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Intravesical instillations with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the recommended treatment for T1 high-grade (HG) bladder cancer (BC) patients. Unfortunately, risk stratification is insufficient to identify patients at risk of BCG treatment failure. Another challenge is the worldwide BCG-shortage, which emphasizes the need for alternative therapeutic strategies. Thus, we aimed to investigate molecular signal transduction pathway activities using Philips' OncoSignal consumer-ready test in BCG treated T1HG BC in order to identify differentially expressed pathways that may predict clinical outcome or provide a rationale for alternative therapeutic strategies. Primary T1HG BC patients treated with ≥5/6 BCG induction instillations were retrospectively included. RNA-sequencing (50 million paired-end reads, containing ≥80% tumor) was performed on: 1) BCG-naïve tumors from patients with complete response to BCG at study inclusion (BCG-responders) and 2) BCG-naïve tumors with matching muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) recurrences during BCG therapy (BCG-failures). Philips OncoSignal analysis was performed to quantify functional signal transduction pathway activities. Molecular subtyping was performed using non-muscle invasive and muscle-invasive classifiers. Clinical and molecular subtyping results were combined with Philips OncoSignal to explore differences between BCG responders and BCG failures and between molecular subtypes. OncoSignal was performed in 20 tumors: 14 BCG-naïve (7 BCG-responders vs 7 BCG-failures) and 6 MIBC recurrences. Median follow-up for BCG-responders was 99 months (IQR 74-120); median follow-up for BCG-failures was 49 months (IQR 25-79), with a median time to progression of 14 months (IQR 10-41). Based on pilot data, MAPK and TGFβ pathway activity was significantly higher in tumors from BCG failures vs BCG-responders (both p&lt;0.05). Using TCGAs MIBC classifier, 10/14 pre-BCG samples were luminal-papillary (LumP), 1/14 was luminal-infiltrated (lum-inf) and 3/14 basal-squamous (bas-sq). In post-BCG MIBC, 2/6 tumors were lum-inf, 3/6 bas-sq and 1/6 neuronal. Using Erasmus MCs T1-BCG classifier (unpublished), 7/14 pre-BCG tumors were luminal-like, the other 7/14 were lum-inf/basal-like. All 6 post-BCG MIBCs were lum-inf/basal-like. Importantly, TCGAs bas-sq/lum-inf subtype and Erasmus MCs lum-inf/basal-like subtype had the highest MAPK, TGFβ and JAK-STAT1/2 activity (all p&lt;0.05). Based on our pilot study, results indicate that Philips OncoSignal is able to stratify BCG failures from BCG responders. Furthermore, OncoSignal results discern LumP tumors from lum-inf/basal-like tumors. Philips OncoSignal might be useful to stratify patients for alternative treatments. Further investigation on a large cohort of BC patients is required to determine whether Philips OncoSignal can be of value during clinical-decision making.
Citation Format: Florus C. De Jong, Teemu D. Laajala, Robert F. Hoedemaeker, Sébastien Rinaldetti, Jolien T. Mensink, Angelique C. Van Der Made, Deric K. Van der Schoot, Egbert R. Boevé, Ellen C. Zwarthoff, Joost L. Boormans, Dan Theodorescu, James C. Costello, Tahlita C. Zuiverloon. Differential pathway analyses of BCG-treated T1HG bladder cancer using Philips OncoSignal: A pilot study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 615.