bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INOVASI LKPD BERMUATAN KEARIFAN LOKAL DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Setyawan Saputra I Wayan Agus , Annur Syubhan , Khairunnisa Yasmine 
Published: December 2024

Pengetahuan lokal mengandung nilai tradisi dan budaya dapat diintegrasikan kedalam materi pembelajaran sehingga menghasilkan kebermaknaan pembelajaran. Namun banyak guru belum menerapkannya karena keterbatasan sumber daya dan kurangnya pemahaman para guru. Media pembelajaran salah satu sumber daya yang digunakan dalam membantu pembelajaran dan dapat diintegrasikan dengan pengetahuan lokal sehingga mampu meningkatkan hasil belajar. LKPD yang diintegrasikan dengan pengetahuan lokal serta dikembangkan dengan model ADDIE dan metode R&D. Aspek validasi media, kepraktisan dan efektivitas digunakan untuk menganalisa kelayakan, kemudahan, manfaat dan peningkatan hasil belajar. Validasi media pembelajaran memperoleh persentase 74%, LKPD dinyatakan layak. Kepraktisan media memperoleh persentase 68%, LKPD dinyatakan mudah digunakan dan bermanfaat. Peningkatan hasil belajar diperoleh dari hasil tes yang diuji memperoleh n-gain 0.71, LKPD dinyatakan mampu meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik.Kata kunci: Inovasi, kearifan lokal, LKPD, hasil belajar. Local knowledge contains traditional and cultural values that can be integrated into learning materials to produce meaningful learning. However, many teachers have not implemented it due to limited resources and lack of understanding of teachers. Learning media is one of the resources used to assist learning and can be integrated with local knowledge so as to improve learning outcomes. LKPD integrated with local knowledge and developed with the ADDIE model and R&D method. The aspects of media validation, practicality and effectiveness are used to analyze the feasibility, ease, benefits and improvement of learning outcomes. Validation of learning media obtained a percentage of 74%, LKPD was declared feasible. The practicality of the media obtained a percentage of 68%, LKPD was declared easy to use and useful. Improvement in learning outcomes was obtained from the results of the tests tested obtained an n-gain of 0.71, LKPD was declared able to improve student learning outcomes.Keywords: Innovation, local wisdom, LKPD, learning outcomes.
FULFILLMENT OF CONSTITUIONAL RIGHTS OF BELIEFS PARAMASAN UPPER PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Raka Rahmad 
Published: December 2024

The existence of believers in various regions in Indonesia should be a concern of the government especially in the field of education after the issuance of Permendikbud No. 27 of 2016 on The Service of Education Penghayat Kepercayaan, no exception the Students of SD Kecil Paramasan Atas as adherents of Kaharingan Trust. This study provides facts that occur in schools and provides answers and solutions on how to learn for Kaharingan Believers students at SD Kecil Paramasan Atas. This study aims to: (1) Describe the process of religious learning of Kaharingan Believers at SD Kecil Paramasan Atas, (2) Explaining the fulfillment of the rights of kaharingan believers in the learning process at SD Kecil Paramasan Atas, (3) Explaining the impact that occurs unfulfilled rights of Kaharingan Believers in the process of religious learning at SD Kecil Paramasan Atas. This study uses qualitative method, data retrieval technique using purposive sampling. The results showed that during the process of religious learning students get Islamic subjects, learning is directed to ethics and the planting of good values. Students and parents do not care about the religious lessons taught by the school. The rights of students in education have not been fulfilled, as in the learning process students do not get religious subjects that are in accordance with the beliefs embraced, do not get educators who are in accordance with the beliefs of students. Students have difficulty answering semester exams because the questions obtained are not in accordance with the teaching. The religious value written on the Islamic report card, the value is only a formality because the student does not exist islamic. The problem of believers in SD Kecil Paramasan Atas is complex enough that it needs to be resolved immediately in order for students to get their rights in education.
Makna Sosial Haji Pada Masyarakat Desa Pattiro Kecamatan Bangkala Barat Kabupaten Jeneponto
Authors: Puspita Ita , Yumriani Yumriani , Nursalam Nursalam 
Published: December 2024

This research aims to analyze the social meaning of Hajj and the community in Pattiro. Research focusing on Pattiro Village was carried out using a qualitative approach. The data collection process through in-depth interviews and analyzed by four stages of data collection, data reduction, data assessment and drawing conclusions. The research results show that the social meaning of the Hajj in the Pattiro comes from the community's perception of the heavy Hajj procession, so that everyone who goes through it has a high spiritual experience. The social status of Hajj indicated by the reward in various social activities. Another form of appreciation is giving the title of nobility (Karaeng or Daeng) by the leadership qualities or are a role model for society.
In Defence of the Concept of Genocide
Authors: Shaw Martin 
Published: December 2024

Exactly 80 years after Raphael Lemkin introduced the concept of genocide, it has returned strongly in public debate and in major legal cases. Yet the concept remains very controversial and influential figures like the historian Dirk Moses and the international lawyer Philippe Sands have recently renewed the questioning which has long accompanied it. This NIOD annual Holocaust and Genocide Lecture, delivered in Amsterdam on 17 October 2024, offers a vindication of 'genocide' as a socio-historical and legal idea, applied to the conflict in Gaza since 7 October 2023.
Investigation of Major Genes Affecting Body Weight in Hair Goats Using Bayesian Segregation Analysis
Authors: İnan Yunus , karacaören burak 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the presence of major genes affecting body weight in hair goats. The application of Bayesian segregation analysis to big data facilitates more precise identification of intricate genetic structures and variations. This approach offers more profound biological insights through the detection of concealed genetic elements within big datasets. The precise quantification of additive genetic effects is fundamental for achieving sustainable genetic progress through targeted selection. Furthermore, the evaluation of dominance effects offers critical insights into heterozygote advantage, elucidating the mechanisms underlying heterosis and resilience in growth-related traits within livestock populations.
Methods: To rapidly and accurately identify the presence of major genes, pedigree data and phenotypic data were employed in a Bayesian segregation analysis. For this purpose, 4072 records of body weight were analysed, measured at two different time points (birth weight (Time1) and body weight measured at approximately 100–120 days of age (Time2)). The data set comprised 2036 animals (n=1038 male, n=998 female). Gibbs sampling was employed to make statistical inferences regarding posterior distributions. These inferences were based on 20 replications of the Markov chain for each trait, with 100,000 samples collected, with each 500th sample retained due to the high correlation among the samples.
Results: In this study, the estimated error variance, major gene variance, polygenic variance, dominance effect, and additive genetic effect were determined through Bayesian segregation analysis. The dominance effect (-1.797) was found to be smaller than the additive genetic effect (3.594) for birth weight, whereas for body weight at 4 months of age, the dominance effect (55.902) was found to be higher than the additive genetic variance (54.988). The polygenic and major gene heritabilities were estimated to be 0.51 (± 0.56) and 0.81 (± 0.91) for body weight, and 0.44 (± 0.55) and 0.86 (± 0.93) for body weight at four months of age, respectively.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the 95% highest posterior density regions (HPDs) for the major gene parameter, particularly for the major gene variance, do not include 0, indicating the statistical significance of the major gene component.
Effects of bedding and hole on the mechanical and micro fracture behavior of layered limestone based on CZM method
Authors: Wang Xiaofei , Gao Linghong , Lin Fei , Meng Yaoyao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

To study the effects of bedding and hole on the mechanical and micro fracture behaviour of layered limestone, numerical specimens based on cohesive zone model (CZM) method are first established. The cracks’ initiation, propagation and penetration process during the entire loading process are used to reveal the fracture mechanism of numerical layered limestone under different conditions. The effects of bedding angle (A), hole location and hole number on the peak stress, failure pattern, length of total cracks and cracks’ ratio of numerical layered limestone are then deeply studied. The numerical results indicate that the existing hole will cause damage to the numerical layered limestone at different bedding angles. The hole has stronger and weaker damage influences on the peak stress at A0 and A30. The hole location has different damage degrees on the peak stress at different bedding angles. The location and number of holes have no obvious influence on the failure pattern of numerical layered limestone at A60, have strong influence on the failure pattern of numerical layered limestone at A30. Under most conditions, the length of total cracks is smaller than that of intact numerical specimen. The location and number of holes have strong influences on the ratio of tensile and shear cracks along the matrix for numerical specimens at A0, A30 and A90.
A Machine Learning Approach to Identifying Depression in Coronary Artery Disease Patients Using Radial Artery Pulse Wave Analysis
Authors: Yi Lyu , Chen Rui , Yan Hai-Xia , Wu Hai-Mei , Wang Yi-Qin , Xu Jin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major global cardiovascular health threat and the leading cause of death in many countries. The disease has a significant impact in China, where it has become the leading cause of death. More than 200 studies have evaluated depression as a risk factor for cardiac events in patients with established CAD. There is an urgent need to develop objective, simple, and cost-effective techniques for the detection of potential depression in CAD patients using machine learning (ML).
Methods
228 participants were divided into three groups: healthy, CAD, and depressed CAD. The raw data of pulse wave from those participants was collected. The data were de-noised, normalized, and analyzed using several applications. Seven ML classifiers were used to model the processed data, including Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Gradient Boosting (GB), Extra Trees (ET), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Light Gradient Boosting (LightGBM), and Unbiased Boosting with Categorical Features (CatBoost).
Results
The ET classifier demonstrated the best classification performance. After tuning hyperparameters, the results performance evaluation on test set are: 0.8261 accuracy, 0.9187 AUC, 0.8245 recall, 0.8255 precision, 0.825 F1-score, and 0.7398 MCC. The top 10 feature importances of tuned ET model are hf/4, t3/tmax, tf/6/t4, tf/5, t4/tmax, tmax/t, w, As, t4/t1, t3/t1. The top 20 features of SHAP value are: t3/tmax, tf/6/t4, hf/4, t3/t1, t4/tmax, tf/5, w/tmax, w/t1, w, tmax/t, t4/t1, hf/3, t5/tmax, As, hf/5, hf/6, tf/3/tmax, tf/6/t1, tf/4/t1, and h4.
Conclusion
Radial artery pulse wave can be used to identify healthy, CAD and depressed CAD participants by using ET classifier. This method provides a potential pathway to recognize depressed CAD patients by using an objective, simple, and cost-effective technique.
Utilization of Chicken Eggshells as a Source of Calcium to Enhance the Nutritional Value and Quality Characteristics of Crackers
Authors: Salama Mokhtar M. , Ghanem Sameh M. , Kadry Mostafa M. , Wang Shaoyun , Abdelnaby Taher 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

In recent years, there has been a growing demand for healthy snacks, leading to new products containing health-promoting components. Eggshells have emerged as a novel calcium source for human consumption, with potential for use in food products. Hence, this research aimed to examine the effects of substituting wheat flour with different levels (4%, 8%, and 12%) of chicken eggshell powder (CEsP) on the nutritional value, physiochemical properties of produced crackers, and to measure in vivo calcium absorption. The findings of the research indicated that the boiling process of CEsP effectively eliminated any microbial growth on the surface. CEsP supplementation led to an increase in the ash content of the crackers without altering the fat and protein contents, resulting in a notable decrease in the calorie content. Furthermore, the replacement of WF with CEsP led to an elevation in the mineral content, particularly calcium, which increased from 25.01 to 2446.1 mg/100 g with a higher replacement ratio of 12%. Moreover, the physical properties of the crackers showed no significant changes when using a replacement ratio of up to 8% of the produced crackers. Additionally, the in vivo evaluation of calcium absorption revealed that the highest absorption rate (44.07%) was achieved at the 8% replacement level. Based on these findings, the addition of CEsP to crackers improved their nutritional quality and physicochemical properties up to an 8% replacement level. Thus, the study proposes using CEsP as a dietary calcium supplement to develop novel calcium-enriched food products.
Young Infants Expect People to Help Others in Need
Authors: Putrich Rylie , Pattanakul Duangporn , Luo Yuyan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Do young infants expect people to help one another? In two experiments (N = 72), the
present study examined 5.5-month-old infants’ helping expectations as they watched two female
agents’ actions. After seeing one agent try but fail to obtain an out-of-reach toy and then exit,
infants expected another agent to help by moving the toy within her reach and found it
unexpected when the agent did not. Importantly, if the first agent did not try to reach for the toy,
signaling no need for it, infants instead found it unexpected when the other agent helped.
Together, these results suggest that infants at this young age already expect people to be helpful
toward others in need. These findings thus shed new light on the early development of moral
cognition.
Temporal Trends in Prevalence of Chronic Liver Disease among Women of Childbearing Age from 1992 to 2021
Authors: Chen Hedan , Wu Hongwei , Zhu Jiansheng , Liu Junyan , Li Ali , Wu Weiti , Lin Ling , Zhou Ni , Chen Yan , Lu Yonghui , Tang Yongzhi , Shao Hui 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Chronic liver disease (CLD) is among the foremost contributors to global mortality. This investigation attempted to profoundly analyze temporal trends in CLD prevalence among women of childbearing age (WCBA) over a span of 30 years.
Methods
An age-period-cohort (APC) model was constructed to determine the overall annual percentage change (net drift [ND], % per year) and annual percentage change within discrete age brackets (local drift, % per year) in CLD prevalence from 1992 to 2021. The APC model accommodates longitudinal age-specific rates while adjusting for deviations across periods from 1992 to 2021 (age effects), as well as period/cohort relative risks (period/cohort effects).
Results
From 1992 to 2021, the global ND in CLD prevalence among WCBA was 0.057% per year (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.029%-0.084%), varying across regions (from − 0.27–0.66%). From the local drift perspective, age groups with increasing prevalence were more prevalent in high SDI region (SDIR), while those with decreasing were more common in low SDIR. Age effects showed a consistent patterns across different SDIRs, with an incremental rise in risk associated with advancing age. Period risks were relatively lower in low SDIR, while other regions demonstrated more adverse period risks. Furthermore, across birth cohorts, improvements in prevalence were observed in all regions.
Conclusion
Over the past 30 years, the global prevalence of CLD among WCBA has demonstrated a predominantly adverse trend. Strategic advancements in prevention, management, and treatment of CLD could mitigate relative risks for successive birth cohorts.
Religion and global cultural diversity
Authors: Bentzen Jeanet , Knudsen Anne Sofie , Sperling Lena , Norenzayan Ara 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

As a cultural species, humans show marked global diversity in preferences, beliefs, and behaviors (cultural traits). Of the many types of cultural traits, which ones generate the most global diversity across countries? We address this question by analyzing data for 640,110 individuals from 117 countries, 2,333 sub-national districts worldwide, and 13 birth cohorts surveyed in the World Values Survey (WVS) and the European Values Study (EVS). We measure cultural diversity using the standard Cultural Fixation Index (CFst). Across multiple sets of comparable cultural traits, we find that religious cultural traits are globally most diverse. In personal values, the emphasis on religion differs 5-10 times more than the emphasis on family, politics, or work effort across countries. Similarly, in qualities important for raising children, religion showed the most cultural divergence. Diversity in religious membership is also significantly higher, compared to memberships in political, environmental or sports organizations. This global divergence had two distinct sources: it was partly the result of differences among particular religious groups, namely Christians, Muslims, Jews, Buddhists, and Hindus; but in large part it was due to individual differences in the strength of religious engagement, irrespective of religious tradition. The results reveal the pervasive role of religion and secularization in the cultural evolution of societies.
Extracellular vesicles derived from lung M2 macrophages enhance group 2 innate lymphoid cells function in allergic airway inflammation
Authors: Pei Weiya , Lv Kun , Zhang Yingying , Yin Guoquan , Li Xueqin , Zhong Min , Zhu Xiaolong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) promote the recruitment of eosinophils by secreting large amounts of type 2 cytokines (IL-5 and IL-13), thus triggering the main feature of asthma, pathological inflammation. Recent insights from mouse and human studies indicated a potential relationship between ILC2s and macrophages. However, the mechanism by which lung M2 macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles (M2 EVs) regulate ILC2s remains unclear. Here, the size, morphology, and specific markers of M2 EVs were successfully characterized in the lungs. Furthermore, we discovered that M2 EVs strongly promoted type 2 lung immunopathology induced by papain. Mechanistically, M2 EVs were internalized by ILC2s, triggering ILC2 activation and inducing pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-5 and IL-13) production. M2 EVs also indirectly enhanced the function of ILC2s through macrophages and CD4+ T cells. Using RNA sequencing, we found that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) 4930474H06Rik participated in mediating these effects of M2 EVs. Inhibition of 4930474H06Rik altered intracellular metabolism of activated ILC2s and enhanced NF-κB pathway signaling. Taken together, we demonstrated that M2 EVs promoted allergic airway inflammation at least partially through 4930474H06Rik, implying that 4930474H06Rik can be considered as a therapeutic target for ILC2s activation in allergic airway inflammation.
Photoluminescence Enhancement in Two-Dimensional Semiconductors via Spacer-Free Metallic Screening
Authors: Shakir Hafiz Muhammad , Suleiman Abdulsalam Aji , Kalkan Kübra Nur , Pehlivanoğlu Doruk , Parsi Amir , Başçı Uğur , Durmuş Mehmet Atıf , Ölçer Ahmet Osman , Korkut Hilal , Sevik Cem , Sarpkaya İbrahim , Kasırga Talip Serkan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Coulomb-bound electron-hole pairs, namely the excitons, in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) present unique opportunities for optoelectronic and quantum photonic device applications. Due to their two-dimensional confinement, these excitons are highly sensitive to their environment, with electric field lines extending beyond the TMDC monolayer. This sensitivity allows for the engineering of screening effects to modulate exciton radiative recombination and photoluminescence (PL) intensity with the aim of enhancing device efficiency. While previous studies have explored modifying the dielectric environment and introducing metal surfaces separated from TMDCs by a dielectric spacer layer to influence screening effects and PL, the case where a metal layer is in contact with the TMDC monolayer by only a van der Waals gap—has not been demonstrated until now. In this study, we demonstrate that this limit can be achieved by vertically stacking metals with appropriate work functions either above or below a monolayer semiconducting TMDC. Our findings reveal that PL intensity can be increased by up to two orders of magnitude in such metal-semiconductor junctions, attributed to the suppression of exciton-exciton interactions due to the strong screening provided by the metallic layer in a dielectric spacer-free environment. The van der Waals gapped interface minimizes free carrier transfer from the metal to the TMDC. Time-resolved PL measurements further indicate that the observed PL enhancement is due to reduced exciton-exciton annihilation, even at high generation rates, facilitated by the strong screening effect of the metal. These results highlight the potential for engineering optical emission from TMDCs through direct metal interfacing.
Prevalence of Measles in Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Children: a Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Rehman Wajeeh ur , rehman Shafiq ur , ibrahim Muhammad , Haris Muhammad , iqbal Javed , Salih Muhammad , Ali Syed Muhammad , Sathian Brijesh 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Measles is a highly contagious viral disease that continues to pose a public health challenge, particularly in developing countries like Pakistan. Despite the availability of effective vaccines, measles outbreaks remain common, exacerbated by gaps in vaccination coverage and other socioeconomic factors.
Objectives:
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of measles and its association with vaccination status among children aged 4 months to 15 years presenting at Saidu Group of Teaching Hospital, Swat.
Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 children diagnosed with measles. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS-27. Children were categorized into vaccinated and unvaccinated groups, and associations with demographic and clinical variables were assessed.
Results:
Among the 400 children, the prevalence of measles was 50.2%. The highest prevalence was observed in the 5–10 years age group (56.6%). A significant association was found between vaccination status and measles prevalence, with 43.34% of vaccinated and 67.4% of unvaccinated children affected (p = 0.04). Females had a significantly higher prevalence (58.65%) than males (p = 0.006). Complications occurred in 57.2% of cases, with pneumonia (37.4%) and diarrhea (27.8%) being the most frequent.
Conclusion:
The study highlights the effectiveness of measles vaccination in reducing disease incidence. However, cases among vaccinated children point to issues such as secondary vaccine failure and cold chain management. Enhanced immunization programs, improved healthcare access, and strategies to address vaccine hesitancy are critical to achieving measles elimination in Pakistan.