bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morbidity and Mortality Rates of Boer and Central Highland Goats at Ataye Crossbreeding Program Research Site: Non-parametric Survival Analysis and Piecewise Exponential Model
Authors: Tesema Erdachew Yitagesu , Alemnew Enyiew 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Non-parametric survival analysis and piecewise exponential model (PEM) was used to estimate prevalence and incidence of goat mortality, to identify major clinical causes of morbidity and mortality related disease, and to investigate animal and environmental related risk factors affecting goat mortality at Ataye boer goat breeding and evaluation research site. A total of 671 kids and 347 adult (yearling) age goats were used for the analysis of non-parametric survival and piecewise exponential model for survival, mortality incidence rate and causes of morbidity and mortality analysis. The mortality incidence rate of kids and adult goats were 0.638 and 0.302 per animal year respectively. The 25th, 50th and 75th percentile of survival time of kids were 5, 157 and 1,274 days respectively and of adult goats were 280, 828 and 1,557 days respectively. The present mortality rate is relatively larger than reports of boer cross breeding and evaluation research sites in Ethiopia as well as goat mortality prevalence abroad. Gastro-intestinal related diseases, pneumonia, weak kid, agalactia, mismothering and hear water (cowdriosis) were most important causes of mortality. Constant piecewise exponential regression analysis of risk factors indicates that breed, kid birth weight (BWT), doe post-partum weight (PPWT), birth type, birth year and precipitation variables were associated with (p-value < 0.05) kid mortality rate. Pure boer kids compared with CHG cross boer goat, are 2.505 times at higher probability of mortality (p ≤ 0.001). A 1 kilo gram increase of kid birth weight and dam PPWT reduces mortality probability by 32.5% (p-value ≤ 0.001) and 6.4% (p-value ≤ 0.001) respectively. Twin birth kids are1.512 times higher rate of mortality (p-value = 0.001) compared with single born kids. A one-millilitre increment of 15 days average precipitation significantly reduces kid mortality by 7.8% (p-value ≤ 0.001). Fleshing of does during early meeting to improve the post-partum weight of does and kids is also important to reduce both kid and doe mortality at and after kidding. Immunization of new introduced and kids to common endemic diseases in the area, extensive control of ticks to breakdown heart water transmission and use of proper comfortable housing to reduce stress of goats is recommended. Improving nutrition particularly during scarce grazing and browsing feed availability is important to improving the health and reducing mortality of goats in intensively managed goat farms.
Integrated silicon carbide modulator for CMOS photonics
Authors: Powell Keith , Li Liwei , Shams-Ansari Amirhassan , Wang Jianfu , Meng Debin , Sinclair Neil , Deng Jiangdong , Lončar Marko , Yi Xiaoke 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The electro-optic modulator encodes electrical signals onto an optical carrier, and is essential for the operation of global communication systems and data centers that society demands. An ideal modulator results from scalable semiconductor fabrication and is integrable with electronics. Accordingly, it is compatible with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication processes. Moreover, modulators using the Pockels effect enables low loss, ultrafast, and wide-bandwidth data transmission. Although strained silicon-based modulators could satisfy these criteria, fundamental limitations such as two-photon absorption, poor thermal stability and a narrow transparency window hinder their performance. On the other hand, as a wide bandgap semiconductor material, silicon carbide is CMOS compatible and does not suffer from these limitations. Due to its combination of color centers, high breakdown voltage, and strong thermal conductivity, silicon carbide is a promising material for CMOS electronics and photonics with applications ranging from sensors to quantum and nonlinear photonics. Importantly, silicon carbide exhibits the Pockels effect, but a modulator has not been realized since the discovery of this effect more than three decades ago. Here we design, fabricate, and demonstrate the first Pockels modulator in silicon carbide. Specifically, we realize a waveguide-integrated, small form-factor, gigahertz-bandwidth modulator that can operate using CMOS-level drive voltages on a thin film of silicon carbide on insulator. Furthermore, the device features no signal degradation and stable operation at high optical intensities (913 kW/mm2), allowing for high optical signal-to-noise ratios for long distance communications. Our work unites Pockels electro-optics with a CMOS platform to pave the way for foundry-compatible integrated photonics.
Intellectual Decline in a Patient with Migraine and APT1A2 Mutation: A Case Report
Authors: Wang Pian , Yang Yan-Rong , Zhang Hong-Bo , Wang Jiang-Hong , Wang Yan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Hemiplegic migraine (HM) is a rare type of migraine with aura. Some reports have described the clinical manifestations in HM patients with the ATP1A2 mutation. But the impact of the ATP1A2 mutation on intelligence in HM patients has not been evaluated in detail. Here we report a patient with intellectual decline in specific area.Case presentation: A 15-year-old boy with an aura that included disturbances in consciousness, associated with fever, vomiting, hemiplegia, and aphasia. He was diagnosed HM with the ATP1A2 mutation before. He had trouble in mathematics and depicting three-dimensional things.Conclusions: The HM with ATP1A2 patient could develop permanent intellectual disabilities. Therefore, the intelligence quotient should be carefully and comprehensively evaluated.
Characterization and selection of Japanese electronic health record databases used as data sources for non-interventional observational studies
Authors: Wakabayashi Yumi , Eitoku Masamitsu , Suganuma Narufumi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Interventional studies are the fundamental method for obtaining answers to clinical question. However, these studies are sometimes difficult to conduct because of insufficient financial or human resources or the rarity of the disease in question. One means of addressing these issues is to conduct a non-interventional observational study using electronic health record (EHR) databases as the data source, although how best to evaluate the suitability of an EHR database when planning a study remains to be clarified. The aim of the present study is to identify and characterize the data sources that have been used for conducting non-interventional observational studies in Japan and propose a flow diagram to help researchers determine the most appropriate EHR database for their study goals.
Methods

We compiled a list of published articles reporting observational studies conducted in Japan by searching PubMed for relevant articles published in the last 3 years and by searching database providers’ publication lists related to studies using their databases. For each article, we reviewed the abstract and/or full text to obtain information about data source, target disease or therapeutic area, number of patients, and study design (prospective or retrospective). We then characterized the identified EHR databases.
Results

In Japan, non-interventional observational studies have been mostly conducted using data stored locally at individual medical institutions (713/1463) or collected from several collaborating medical institutions (351/1463). Whereas the studies conducted with large-scale integrated databases (195/1463) were mostly retrospective (68.2%), 27.2% of the single-center studies, 46.2% of the multi-center studies, and 74.4% of the post-marketing surveillance studies, identified in the present study, were conducted prospectively.
Conclusions

Our analysis revealed that the non-interventional observational studies were conducted using data stored local at individual medical institutions or collected from collaborating medical institutions in Japan. Disease registries, disease databases, and large-scale databases would enable researchers to conduct studies with large sample sizes to provide robust data from which strong inferences could be drawn. Using our flow diagram, researchers planning non-interventional observational studies should consider the strengths and limitations of each available database and choose the most appropriate one for their study goals.
Trial registration
Not applicable.
Therapeutic vulnerability to PARP1,2 inhibition in RB1-mutant osteosarcoma
Authors: Zoumpoulidou Georgia , Mendoza Carlos Alvarez , Mancusi Caterina , Ahmed Ritika-Mahmuda , Denman Milly , Steele Christopher , Manji Jiten , Pillay Nischalan , Strauss Sandra , Mittnacht Sibylle 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the RB1 tumour suppressor are key drivers in cancer, including osteosarcoma. RB1 loss-of-function compromises genome-maintenance and hence could yield vulnerability to therapeutics targeting such processes. Here we demonstrate selective hypersensitivity to clinically-approved inhibitors of Poly-ADP-Polymerase1,2 inhibitors (PARPi) in RB1-mutated cancer cells including an extended panel of osteosarcoma-derived lines. PARPi treatment results in extensive cell death in RB1-mutated backgrounds and prolongs survival of mice carrying human RB1-mutated osteosarcoma grafts. PARPi sensitivity is not associated with canonical homologous recombination defect (HRd) signatures, which predict PARPi sensitivity in cancers with BRCA1,2 loss, but is accompanied by rapid activation of DNA replication checkpoint signalling, and active DNA replication is a prerequisite for sensitivity. Importantly, sensitivity in backgrounds with natural or engineered RB1 loss surpasses that seen in BRCA-mutated backgrounds where PARPi have established clinical benefit. Our work provides evidence that PARPi sensitivity extends beyond cancers identifiable by HRd and advocates PARP1,2 inhibition as a novel, personalised strategy for RB1-mutated osteosarcoma and other cancers.
The Effects of Soil Temperature From Soil Mulching and Harvesting Period On Phenol, Flavonoid And Antioxidant Contents of Java Tea (Orthosiphon Aristatus B.)
Authors: Komariah Komariah , Pitaloka Diora Diah Ayu , Batubara Irmanida , Nurcholis Waras , Sandrawati Apong , Setyawati Andriyana , Syamsiyah Jauhari , Dewi Widyatmani Sih 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The secondary metabolites of Java tea (Orthosiphon aristatus B) are effective to treat kidney inflammation, kidney stones, and other diseases. Abiotic factors have been known to determine the secondary metabolites contents of Java tea. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of soil temperature resulted from soil mulching and harvesting period on total phenol, flavonoid and antioxidant contents of Java tea. Methods: The research was carried out using nested with completely randomized design under a screen house at Karanganyar, Indonesia from July to December 2019. The first factor was soil mulching (control; black plastic mulch, transparent plastic mulch, biodegradable mulch and rice straw mulch) with three repetitions. The first factor was nested in second factor, namely harvesting period which consisted of two levels, i.e.: 80 and 100 days. The observation parameters were soil temperature of 10-minutes (maximum; mean; minimum and soil temperature based- growing degree days, GDD) with sensors and logger; plant growth (plant height, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight); and secondary metabolites including phenol, flavonoids and antioxidant. Results: The results confirmed the order of the highest to the lowest mean soil temperature was resulted under the transparent plastic mulch> straw > black plastic mulch >control > biodegradable plastic mulch (26.69 > 26.29 > 26.10 > 26.07 > 25.68 oC, respectively). The total phenol, flavonoids and antioxidant produced ranging from 193.75 – 412.50 mg GAE/ 100 g DW; 81.13 – 141.47 mg QE/ 100 g DW; and 1875.5 – 2144.4 µmol TE/g DW.Conclusion: Higher maximum soil temperature resulted into lower phenol content, while higher minimum soil temperature and shorter harvest period increased total flavonoid. Longer harvest period produced more total phenol and antioxidant due to bigger soil temperature based- Growing Degree Day (GDD).
Polyphenols Extracts From Didymosphenia Geminata (Lyngbye) Schmidt Altered the Motility and Viability of Daphnia Magna
Authors: Olivares-Ferretti Pamela , Chavez Viviana , Hernandez Klaudia , Peredo-Parada Matías , Parodi Jorge 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The invasive diatom Didymosphenia geminata (Lyngbye) Schmidt, D. geminata has invaded the austral zone of Chile, causing significant ecological, scientific and societal concerns. We aimed to evaluate the viability and motility Daphnia magna (D. magna), as a biosensor for effects of D. geminata. Toxicity assays were performed in dilutions of river water alone (V/V dilution) and in river water contaminated with D. geminata (V/V dilution) or polyphenols extracted from D. geminata under controlled conditions and different time (acute 30 min and 7 hrs). Our results indicated that D. magna was sensitive to increasing concentrations of D. geminata extracts. We observed a 50% (IC50) viability reduction after 24 h of exposure to a 0.023 V/V dilution and the same value when using polyphenols from D. geminata; additionally, this treatment further reduced the motility capacity by 50% after 72 h. The D. magna organisms were acutely responsive, showing a 50% reduction in frequency at 15 min. We conclude that D. magna is sensitive to polyphenols produced by D. geminata in rivers, suggesting potential chronic toxic consequences on several aquatic species following exposure to these diatom substances.
Intraventricular T3 Reverses Chronic Restraint Stress-Induced Depressive-Like Behaviors: Inhibition of NF-κB/ NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway in the Hippocampus
Authors: Mokhtari Tahmineh , El-Kenawy AymanEl-Meghawry , Hu Li 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, the effects of triiodothyronine (T3) were evaluated on the NLRP3 inflammasome complex formation in the hippocampus of the rat with restraint stress-induced depressive-like behaviors.Thirty-six Wistar male rats were randomly allocated to the following groups: Control, Model, and Model + T3. In Model or Model + T3 group, a single dose of PBS or T3 () was administered into the lateral ventricle. Depressive-like behaviors were induced by chronic restraint stress. The forced swimming (FST), tail suspension (TST), and open field (OFT) tests were used to investigate depression. The rats were sacrificed, and brain tissues were stored for molecular and pathological evaluations. Chronic stress increased the immobility of rats in the Model group according to FST, TST, and OFT (P < 0.05). T3 significantly improved depressive-like behaviors (P < 0.05). The gene expression and protein level of hippocampal NF-κB, NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1 significantly increased in the Model group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The reduced hippocampal levels of NF-κB, NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1 were seen in the T3 group compared to the Model group (P < 0.05). Also, the Nissl staining of the CA1 region showed an increased number of dark neurons (P < 0.05) and reduced pyramidal layer thickness (P < 0.05) in the Model group. These histopathological alterations were changed by T3 administration compared to the Model group (P < 0.05). The findings of confirmed the therapeutic effects of intraventricularly T3 on depressive-like behaviors induced by restraint stress via surviving pyramidal neurons of the CA1 region and inhibition of NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
The physics of pandemics with application to COVID19
Authors: Miller Stephen , Gunatilake Thanushika 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Numerous models exist with the goal of modeling the propagation of COVID-19 and other epidemics or pandemics. These models include the SEIR (Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Removed) model, Agent Based Models (ABM), and continuum models of reaction diffusion. Each of these modelling approaches contain multiple and sometimes intractable variables, resulting in large uncertainties in outcomes, thus restricting their utility in guiding local, national, and international governmental decisions for managing and controlling pandemics. There exists a need for a simple, fast, deterministic, scalable, and accurate model that captures the dominant physics of pandemic propagation. Here we propose such a model by adapting a physical earthquake/aftershock model to the COVID19 problem. The aftershock model revealed the physical basis for the Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS) model as a highly non-linear diffusion process, thus permitting a grafting of the underlying physical equations into a formulation for calculating infection pressure propagation in a pandemic-type model. Model results show excellent correlations with observed infection rates for all cases studied to date. In alphabetical order, these include Austria, Belgium, Brazil, France, Germany, Italy, Melbourne (AU), New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, and the USA. Importantly, the model is predominantly controlled by one parameter α, which modulates societal compliance to governmental actions. We find that differing societal compliance between countries results in dramatically different outcomes given similar infection sources. These results provide an intuition-based approach to designing and implementing mitigation measures, with predictive capabilities for various mitigation scenarios.
Research on ride comfort of vibratory rollers: Part-1 Study on the effect of different cab isolation mounts
Authors: Kang Yan , Nguyen Vanliem , Guo Xiaoyan , Li Yuehan 
Published: February 2021

In order to evaluate the ride quality of vibratory roller’s cab used the different isolation mounts including the traditional rubbers, hydraulics, and hydro-pneumatics, a nonlinear dynamics model of the vibratory roller under interaction of the deformable terrain and drum has been established based on Matlab/Simulink software. The root-mean-square (RMS) of the accelerations of the vertical driver’s seat and the cab’s pitch angle have been used as objective studies. The influence of damping and stiffness coefficients of different isolation mounts on the cab’s ride quality has been respectively simulated and analyzed under a hard ground at an excitation 28 Hz of the vibration drum. The research results indicate that the characteristics of non-linear damper and high-static stiffness of the hydro-pneumatic mounts can greatly reduce the vertical driver’s seat vibration and cab shaking when compared to vibratory roller’s cab using the traditional rubber mounts and hydraulic mounts under stiffness and damping coefficients of the vehicle and cab isolations. Particularly with the dynamics parameters of Kc= [0.8 to 1.2]×Kc0, Cc= [0.8 to 1.0]×Cc0, Kt,d= [0.6 to 1.0]×Kt0,d0, and Ct,d= [1.0 to 1.2]×Ct0,d0.
Multivariate analysis of sediment quality in River Ogbere, Ibadan, South-West Nigeria
Authors: Achi C. G. , Omoniyi A. M. , Coker A. O. , Sridhar M. K. C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Heavy metals are pollutants of river sediments, and their concentration varies depending on parental material and anthropogenic inputs, thus it is important to distinguish between the natural and anthropogenic inputs. The objective of this study is to use different types of indexes to assess the current pollution status in Ogbere River sediment and select the best index to describe the sediment quality. The indexes used in this study were enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and principal component analysis (PCA). The PCA has an advantage over other index analyses as it reduces the dimensionality of the data set and thus used to support multivariate cluster analysis. From the study, a total of 12 sediment samples were collected in both seasons across six sampling location and pollution indexes indicated three things: firstly, the metal distribution profile in the sediment showed that the heavy metals analysed were lower than the maximum allowable limits stipulated by Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR); secondly, minor to extremely severe significant levels of enrichment and thirdly, practically uncontaminated to a moderately contaminated degree of contamination in Ogbere River during the study period. The PCA is considered more sensitive in the analysis of benthic changes as well as sediment quality. However, the heavy metal assessment indices are not only used for sediment quality. Biological testing and ecological analysis of existing community related to sediment contamination are further recommended in River Ogbere.
Capturing high-resolution water demand data in commercial buildings
Authors: Melville-Shreeve Peter , Cotterill Sarah , Butler David 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Water demand measurements have historically been conducted manually, from meter readings less than once per month. Leading water service providers have begun to deploy smart meters to collect high-resolution data. A low-cost flush counter was developed and connected to a real-time monitoring platform for 119 ultra-low flush toilets in 7 buildings on a university campus to explore how building users influence water demand. Toilet use followed a typical weekly pattern in which weekday use was 92% ± 4 higher than weekend use. Toilet demand was higher during term time and showed a strong, positive relationship with the number of building occupants. Mixed-use buildings tended to have greater variation in toilet use between term time and holidays than office-use buildings. The findings suggest that the flush sensor methodology is a reliable method for further consideration. Supplementary data from the study's datasets will enable practitioners to use captured data for (i) forecast models to inform water resource plans; (ii) alarm systems to automate maintenance scheduling; (iii) dynamic cleaning schedules; (iv) monitoring of building usage rates; (v) design of smart rainwater harvesting to meet demand from real-time data; and (vi) exploring dynamic water pricing models, to incentivise optimal on-site water storage strategies.
Uncertainty analysis of monthly river flow modeling in consecutive hydrometric stations using integrated data-driven models
Authors: Amininia Karim , Saghebian Seyed Mahdi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The ﬂow assessment in a river is of vital interest in hydraulic engineering for ﬂood warning and evacuation measures. To operate water structures more efﬁciently, models that forecast river discharge are desired to be of high precision and certain degree of accuracy. Therefore, in this study, two artificial intelligence models, namely kernel extreme learning machine (KELM) and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), were applied for the monthly river flow (MRF) modeling. For this aim, Mississippi river with three consecutive hydrometric stations was selected as case study. Using the previous MRF values during the period of 1950–2019, several models were developed and tested under two scenarios (i.e. modeling based on station's own data or previous station's data). Wavelet transform (WT) and ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) as data processing approaches were used for enhancing modeling capability. Obtained results indicated that the integrated models resulted in more accurate outcomes. Data processing enhanced the model's capability up to 25%. It was observed that the previous station's data could be applied successfully for MRF modeling when the station's own data were not available. The best-applied model dependability was assessed via uncertainty analysis, and an allowable degree of uncertainty was found in MRF modeling.