bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Multiple Sources of Risk in Livestock Production
Authors: McKendree Melissa G.S. , Tonsor Glynn T. , Schulz Lee L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFirm operators continually manage multiple sources of risk. In an application to cattle feedlot operations, our objective is to determine if producers view output price and animal health risks separately or jointly. We conduct a survey with a choice experiment placing operators in forward looking, decision-making scenarios, and capture information on past risk management approaches. Evidence regarding a relationship between animal health and output price risk mitigation is mixed and depends on the decision being made. Combined, these results provide new insight into how managers approach multiple risks when facing resource constraints.
Development of the mental health cultural adaptation and contextualization for implementation (mhCACI) procedure: a systematic framework to prepare evidence-based psychological interventions for scaling
Authors: Sangraula Manaswi , Kohrt Brandon A. , Ghimire Renasha , Shrestha Pragya , Luitel Nagendra P. , van’t Hof Edith , Dawson Katie , Jordans Mark J. D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Because of the high burden of untreated mental illness in humanitarian settings and low- and middle-income countries, scaling-up effective psychological interventions require a cultural adaptation process that is feasible and acceptable. Our adaptation process incorporates changes into both content and implementation strategies, with a focus on local understandings of distress and treatment mechanisms of action.

Methods
Building upon the ecological validity model, we developed a 10-step process, the mental health Cultural Adaptation and Contextualization for Implementation (mhCACI) procedure, and piloted this approach in Nepal for Group Problem Management Plus (PM+), a task-sharing intervention, proven effective for adults with psychological distress in low-resource settings. Detailed documentation tools were used to ensure rigor and transparency during the adaptation process.

Findings
The mhCACI is a 10-step process: (1) identify mechanisms of action, (2) conduct a literature desk review for the culture and context, (3) conduct a training-of-trainers, (4) translate intervention materials, (5) conduct an expert read-through of the materials, (6) qualitative assessment of intervention population and site, (7) conduct practice rounds, (8) conduct an adaptation workshop with experts and implementers, (9) pilot test the training, supervision, and implementation, and (10) review through process evaluation. For Group PM+, key adaptations were harmonizing the mechanisms of action with cultural models of ‘tension’; modification of recruitment procedures to assure fit; and development of a skills checklist.

Conclusion
A 10-step mhCACI process could feasibly be implemented in a humanitarian setting to rapidly prepare a psychological intervention for widespread implementation.
Getting RCEP across the Line
Authors: Elms Deborah K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAfter eight years of effort, the 15 Asian members involved in the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) met in a virtual ceremony to sign the final document on Sunday, 15 November 2020. The final deal matches the original objective – to knit the region together and allow firms to build supply chains across the region to deliver goods, services, and investment to Asian markets more seamlessly. Getting this free trade agreement (FTA) to this point involved repeated missed deadlines, the loss of one important negotiating partner, and thousands of miles of travel for a rotating cast of officials, trade ministers, and leaders. RCEP began in late 2012 as an effort to unravel what has often been called the ‘spaghetti or noodle bowl’ of overlapping and inconsistent rules that can impede trade. While most of the countries in the region have extensive experience in trade and are outward oriented, trade in Asia has been bedeviled with challenges. This includes a range of both tariff and non-tariff obstacles that have made it more difficult than might be expected to trade, especially for final products, within the region.
The Dark Side of Human Values: How Values are Related to Bright and Dark Personality Traits
Authors: de Holanda Coelho Gabriel Lins , Hanel Paul H. P. , Monteiro Renan Pereira , Vilar Roosevelt , Gouveia Valdiney V. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the present research, we replicate and extend previous findings on the relations between human values and bright\dark traits of personality, using the functional theory of human values (Gouveia, 2013). Specifically, we assessed which dark traits are associated with human values and whether the dark traits explained variance in values beyond the bright traits (Big Five). While prior research has investigated the relations between the three sets of constructs mainly in Western countries, we tested whether the findings hold in Brazil (N= 819). Although values are defined as positive constructs, several value subfunctions were positively correlated with the dark traits (e.g., excitement values with narcissism), while other relations were negative. Controlling for participants' age and gender, hierarchical regressions further revealed that dark traits explain variance in values beyond bright traits, although overall bright traits were more strongly associated with values than dark traits. Together, our findings replicate previous research. Implications for our understanding of the Dark Triad and cross-cultural research are discussed.
Statistical Relationship Between Interplanetary Magnetic Field Conditions and the Helicity Sign of Flux Transfer Event Flux Ropes
Authors: Kieokaew R. , Lavraud B. , Fargette N. , Marchaudon A. , Génot V. , Jacquey C. , Gershman D. , Giles B. , Torbert R. , Burch J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFlux transfer events (FTEs) are transient phenomena produced by magnetic reconnection at the dayside magnetopause typically under southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions. They are usually thought of as magnetic flux ropes with helical structures forming through patchy, unsteady or multiple X‐line reconnection. While the IMF often has a non‐zero BY component, its impacts on the FTE flux rope helicity remain unknown. We survey Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) observations of FTE flux ropes during years 2015–2017 and investigate the solar wind conditions prior to the events. By fitting a force‐free flux rope model, we select 84 events with good fits and obtain the helicity sign (i.e., handedness) of the flux ropes. We find that positive (negative) helicity flux ropes are mainly preceded by positive (negative) BY component. This finding is compatible with flux ropes formed through a multiple X‐lines mechanism.
Revisiting the Entrainment Relationship of Convective Plumes: A Perspective From Global Observations
Authors: Takahashi Hanii , Luo Zhengzhao Johnny , Stephens Graeme 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEntrainment is an important process affecting convective transport and is a key parameter in convection modeling. For over half a century, an inverse relationship between entrainment rate (λ) and convective core size (R) has been used in modeling convective clouds. This short letter revisits the λ‐R relation using multiple years of CloudSat observations. Results show that the inverse relationship between λ and R is robust. However, they are not scaled by a simple constant. Global satellite observations provide some guidance for choosing the range of the scaling parameter. Further, our analysis shows that continental convective clouds tend to have smaller λ and larger R compared to oceanic convective clouds, suggesting that vertical mass transport by continental convection is more efficient. The satellite‐based study of the λ‐R relation has the potential to become a new diagnostic metric for assessing the representation of convection in weather and climate models.
MMS Observations of Broadband Electrostatic Waves in Electron Diffusion Region of Magnetotail Reconnection
Authors: Yu Xiancai , Lu Quanming , Wang Rongsheng , Huang Kai , Gao Xinliang , Wang Shui 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, the broadband electrostatic waves are observed in electron diffusion region (EDR). Detailed analysis has shown that the parallel electric field of these waves have a bipolar or continuous steepening waveform. The bipolar structures of the parallel electric field are usually accompanied by electron holes (EHs) in phase space. The parallel spatial scales of EHs are ∼3–5 ( is the Debye length), and the perpendicular spatial scales are larger than ∼18.6 . Therefore, the length ratios are larger than ∼3.7–6.2, which means that the EHs have oblate shapes. Associated with these plasma waves, electron beams propagating away from the X‐line have been observed. By performing a one‐dimensional (1‐D) electrostatic particle‐in‐cell simulation of the bump‐on‐tail instability, we reproduce two types of waveforms similar to those observed in the EDR during the different evolution stage of the instability, which implies that these electrostatic waves are generated by the bump‐on‐tail instabilities.
Wave Propagation in Infinituple‐Porosity Media
Authors: Zhang Lin , Ba Jing , Carcione José M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe fractal texture (or fabric) of porous media, which supports fluid flow at different scales, is the main cause of wave anelasticity (dispersion and attenuation) on a wide range of frequencies. To model this phenomenon, we develop a theory of wave propagation in a fluid saturated infinituple‐porosity media containing inclusions at multiple scales, based on the differential effective medium (DEM) theory of solid composites and Biot‐Rayleigh theory for double‐porosity media. The dynamical equations are derived from first principles, that is, based on the strain (potential), kinetic, and dissipation energies, leading to generalized stiffness and density coefficients. The scale of the inclusions can be characterized by different distributions. The theory shows that the anelasticity depends on the size (radius) of the inclusions, parameter θ (exponential distribution), mean radius r0 and variance σr2 (Gaussian distribution) and the fractal dimension Df (self‐similar distribution). When Df = 2, θ = 1 and σr2 = 4, the three distributions give the same P‐wave velocities and attenuation, since each added inclusion phase has nearly the same volume fraction. For the modeling results, the range of anelasticity of Df = 2.99/θ = 1/σr2 = 4 is broader than that of Df < 2.99/θ < 1/σr2 < 4. To confirm the validity of the model, we compare the results with laboratory measurements on tight sandstone and carbonate samples in the range 1 Hz–1 kHz, Fox Hill sandstone (5 Hz–800 kHz) and field measurements of marine sediments (50 Hz–400 kHz). This comparison shows that the model successfully describes the observed anelasticity.
Dissection of intercellular communication using the transcriptome-based framework ICELLNET
Authors: Noël Floriane , Massenet-Regad Lucile , Carmi-Levy Irit , Cappuccio Antonio , Grandclaudon Maximilien , Trichot Coline , Kieffer Yann , Mechta-Grigoriou Fatima , Soumelis Vassili 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCell-to-cell communication can be inferred from ligand–receptor expression in cell transcriptomic datasets. However, important challenges remain: global integration of cell-to-cell communication; biological interpretation; and application to individual cell population transcriptomic profiles. We develop ICELLNET, a transcriptomic-based framework integrating: 1) an original expert-curated database of ligand–receptor interactions accounting for multiple subunits expression; 2) quantification of communication scores; 3) the possibility to connect a cell population of interest with 31 reference human cell types; and 4) three visualization modes to facilitate biological interpretation. We apply ICELLNET to three datasets generated through RNA-seq, single-cell RNA-seq, and microarray. ICELLNET reveals autocrine IL-10 control of human dendritic cell communication with up to 12 cell types. Four of them (T cells, keratinocytes, neutrophils, pDC) are further tested and experimentally validated. In summary, ICELLNET is a global, versatile, biologically validated, and easy-to-use framework to dissect cell communication from individual or multiple cell-based transcriptomic profiles.
Giant nonlinear optical activity in two-dimensional palladium diselenide
Authors: Yu Juan , Kuang Xiaofei , Li Junzi , Zhong Jiahong , Zeng Cheng , Cao Lingkai , Liu Zongwen , Zeng Zhouxiaosong , Luo Ziyu , He Tingchao , Pan Anlian , Liu Yanping 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNonlinear optical effects in layered two-dimensional transition metal chalcogenides have been extensively explored recently because of the promising prospect of the nonlinear optical effects for various optoelectronic applications. However, these materials possess sizable bandgaps ranging from visible to ultraviolet region, so the investigation of narrow-bandgap materials remains deficient. Here, we report our comprehensive study on the nonlinear optical processes in palladium diselenide (PdSe2) that has a near-infrared bandgap. Interestingly, this material exhibits a unique thickness-dependent second harmonic generation feature, which is in contrast to other transition metal chalcogenides. Furthermore, the two-photon absorption coefficients of 1–3 layer PdSe2 (β ~ 4.16 × 105, 2.58 × 105, and 1.51 × 105 cm GW−1) are larger by two and three orders of magnitude than that of the conventional two-dimensional materials, and giant modulation depths (αs ~ 32%, 27%, and 24%) were obtained in 1–3 layer PdSe2. Such unique nonlinear optical characteristics make PdSe2 a potential candidate for technological innovations in nonlinear optoelectronic devices.
Determinants of genome-wide distribution and evolution of uORFs in eukaryotes
Authors: Zhang Hong , Wang Yirong , Wu Xinkai , Tang Xiaolu , Wu Changcheng , Lu Jian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUpstream open reading frames (uORFs) play widespread regulatory functions in modulating mRNA translation in eukaryotes, but the principles underlying the genomic distribution and evolution of uORFs remain poorly understood. Here, we analyze ~17 million putative canonical uORFs in 478 eukaryotic species that span most of the extant taxa of eukaryotes. We demonstrate how positive and purifying selection, coupled with differences in effective population size (Ne), has shaped the contents of uORFs in eukaryotes. Besides, gene expression level is important in influencing uORF occurrences across genes in a species. Our analyses suggest that most uORFs might play regulatory roles rather than encode functional peptides. We also show that the Kozak sequence context of uORFs has evolved across eukaryotic clades, and that noncanonical uORFs tend to have weaker suppressive effects than canonical uORFs in translation regulation. This study provides insights into the driving forces underlying uORF evolution in eukaryotes.
A genetically stable Zika virus vaccine candidate protects mice against virus infection and vertical transmission
Authors: Adam Awadalkareem , Fontes-Garfias Camila R. , Sarathy Vanessa V. , Liu Yang , Luo Huanle , Davis Emily , Li Wenqian , Muruato Antonio E. , Wang Binbin , Ahatov Renat , Mahmoud Yoseph , Shan Chao , Osman Samantha R. , Widen Steven G. , Barrett Alan D. T. , Shi Pei-Yong , Wang Tian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlthough live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) have been effective in the control of flavivirus infections, to date they have been excluded from Zika virus (ZIKV) vaccine trials due to safety concerns. We have previously reported two ZIKV mutants, each of which has a single substitution in either envelope (E) glycosylation or nonstructural (NS) 4B P36 and displays a modest reduction in mouse neurovirulence and neuroinvasiveness, respectively. Here, we generated a ZIKV mutant, ZE4B-36, which combines mutations in both E glycosylation and NS4B P36. The ZE4B-36 mutant is stable and attenuated in viral replication. Next-generation sequence analysis showed that the attenuating mutations in the E and NS4B proteins are retained during serial cell culture passages. The mutant exhibits a significant reduction in neuroinvasiveness and neurovirulence and low infectivity in mosquitoes. It induces robust ZIKV-specific memory B cell, antibody, and T cell-mediated immune responses in type I interferon receptor (IFNR) deficient mice. ZIKV-specific T cell immunity remains strong months post-vaccination in wild-type C57BL/6 (B6) mice. Vaccination with ZE4B-36 protects mice from ZIKV-induced diseases and vertical transmission. Our results suggest that combination mutations in E glycosylation and NS4B P36 contribute to a candidate LAV with significantly increased safety but retain strong immunogenicity for prevention and control of ZIKV infection.
Clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a population-based study
Authors: Yu Tian-hua , Chen Xin , Zhang Xuan-he , Zhang Er-chi , Sun Cai-xia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe aimed to explore the clinicopathological features and survival-related factors for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Eligible data were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database from 2004 to 2015. Totally, 4595 ICC patients were collected with a male to female ratio of nearly 1:1. The higher proportion of ICC patients was elderly, tumor size ≥ 5 cm and advanced AJCC stage. Most patients (79.2%) have no surgery, while low proportion of patients receiving radiotherapy (15.1%). The median survival was 7.0 months (range 0–153 months). The 5-year CSS and OS rates were 8.96% and 7.90%. Multivariate analysis found that elderly age (aged ≥ 65 years old), male, diagnosis at 2008–2011, higher grade, tumor size ≥ 5 cm, and advanced AJCC stage were independent factors for poorer prognosis; while API/AI (American Indian/AK Native, Asian/Pacific Islander) race, married, chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy were independent favorable factors in both CSS and OS. Furthermore, stratified analysis found that chemotherapy and radiotherapy improved CSS and OS in patients without surgery. Age, sex, race, years of diagnosis, married status, grade, tumor size, AJCC stage, surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy were significantly related to prognosis of ICC. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy could significantly improve survival in patients without surgery.
Effects of temperature on the behaviour and metabolism of an intertidal foraminifera and consequences for benthic ecosystem functioning
Authors: Deldicq Noémie , Langlet Dewi , Delaeter Camille , Beaugrand Grégory , Seuront Laurent , Bouchet Vincent M. P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHeatwaves have increased in intensity, duration and frequency over the last decades due to climate change. Intertidal species, living in a highly variable environment, are likely to be exposed to such heatwaves since they can be emerged for more than 6 h during a tidal cycle. Little is known, however, on how temperature affects species traits (e.g. locomotion and behaviour) of slow-moving organisms such as benthic foraminifera (single-celled protists), which abound in marine sediments. Here, we examine how temperature influences motion-behaviour and metabolic traits of the dominant temperate foraminiferaHaynesina germanicaby exposing individuals to usual (6, 12, 18, 24, 30 °C) and extreme (high; i.e. 32, 34, 36 °C) temperature regimes. Our results show that individuals reduced their activity by up to 80% under high temperature regimes whereas they remained active under the temperatures they usually experience in the field. When exposed to a hyper-thermic stress (i.e. 36 °C), all individuals remained burrowed and the photosynthetic activity of their sequestered chloroplasts significantly decreased. Recovery experiments subsequently revealed that individuals initially exposed to a high thermal regime partially recovered when the hyper-thermic stress ceased.H. germanicacontribution to surface sediment reworking substantially diminished from 10 mm3indiv−1day−1(usual temperature) to 0 mm3indiv−1day−1when individuals were exposed to high temperature regimes (i.e. above 32 °C). Given their role in sediment reworking and organic matter remineralisation, our results suggest that heatwaves may have profound long-lasting effects on the functioning of intertidal muddy ecosystems and some key biogeochemical cycles.
Beta synchrony for expressive language lateralizes to right hemisphere in development
Authors: Sharma Vivek V. , Vannest Jennifer , Greiner Hansel M. , Fujiwara Hisako , Tenney Jeffrey R. , Williamson Brady J. , Kadis Darren S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA left perisylvian network is known to support language in healthy adults. Low-beta (13–23 Hz) event-related desynchrony (ERD) has been observed during verb generation, at approximately 700–1200 ms post-stimulus presentation in past studies; the signal is known to reflect increased neuronal firing and metabolic demand during language production. In contrast, concurrent beta event-related synchrony (ERS) is thought to reflect neuronal inhibition but has not been well studied in the context of language. Further, while low-beta ERD for expressive language has been found to gradually shift from bilateral in childhood to left hemispheric by early adulthood, developmental lateralization of ERS has not been established. We used magnetoencephalography to study low beta ERS lateralization in a group of children and adolescents (n = 78), aged 4 to less than 19 years, who performed covert verb generation. We found that the youngest children had bilateral ERD and ERS. By adolescence, low-beta ERD was predominantly left lateralized in perisylvian cortex (i.e., Broca’s and Wernicke’s regions), while beta ERS was predominantly right lateralized. Increasing lateralization was significantly correlated to age for both ERD (Spearman’s r = 0.45, p < 0.01) and ERS (Spearman’s r =  − 0.44, p < 0.01). Interestingly, while ERD lateralized in a linear manner, ERS lateralization followed a nonlinear trajectory, suggesting distinct developmental trajectories. Implications to early-age neuroplasticity and neuronal inhibition are discussed.
Accelerated sonothrombolysis with Definity in a xenographic porcine cerebral thromboembolism model
Authors: Kleven Robert T. , Karani Kunal B. , Hilvert Nicole , Ford Samantha M. , Mercado-Shekhar Karla P. , Racadio John M. , Rao Marepalli B. , Abruzzo Todd A. , Holland Christy K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAdjuvant ultrasound at 2 MHz with or without an ultrasound contrast agent improves the rate of thrombus resolution by recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in laboratory and clinical studies. A sub-megahertz approach can further expand this therapy to a subset of patients with an insufficient temporal bone window, improving efficacy in unselected patient populations. The aim of this study was to determine if a clinical ultrasound contrast agent (UCA), Definity, and 220 kHz pulsed ultrasound accelerated rt-PA thrombolysis in a preclinical animal model of vascular occlusion. The effect of Definity and ultrasound on thrombus clearance was first investigated in vitro and subsequently tested in a xenographic porcine cerebral thromboembolism model in vivo. Two different microcatheter designs (end-hole, multi-side-hole) were used to infuse rt-PA and Definity at the proximal edge or directly into clots, respectively. Sonothrombolysis with Definity increased clot mass loss relative to saline or rt-PA alone in vitro, only when rt-PA was administered directly into clots via a multi-side-hole microcatheter. Combined treatment with rt-PA, Definity, and ultrasound in vivo increased the rate of reperfusion up to 45 min faster than clots treated with rt-PA or saline. In this porcine cerebral thromboembolism model employing retracted human clots, 220 kHz ultrasound, in conjunction with Definity increased the probability of early successful reperfusion with rt-PA.