bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SPACE LAW - THE NEW SUB-BRANCH OF LAW STUDIES IN LATVIA
Authors: Grasis Janis 
Published: May 2021

Latvia became an associate member of the European Space Agency (ESA) in 2020. The ESA is an intergovernmental organisation dedicated to the exploration of space. According to the Article II of the Convention of establishment of a European Space Agency, the purpose of the ESA is to promote, for exclusively peaceful purposes, cooperation among European States in space research and technology and their space applications, with a view to their being used for scientific purposes and for operational space applications systems. “The Space Strategy for Latvia 2021-2027” (Strategy) recently was collectively developed by the Ministry of Education and Science and the Ministry of Economics of the Republic of Latvia. It establishes a focused framework for the cooperation of Latvia with the ESA and contributes to the achievement of the objectives, priorities and actions defined in the Latvian National Development Plan 2021-2027, the National Industrial Policy Guidelines 2021-2027 and the Science, Technological Development and Innovation Guidelines 2021-2027. As it is indicated in the Strategy, Latvian higher education institutions ensure the development of an adequate base of expertise and skills in graduates to be able to serve the needs of the space sector in Latvia. It is proposed in Strategy that Universities in collaboration with local industrial partners develop higher-education courses and lifelong learning programmes to respond to the national space industry need. Novelty of the research: this is one of the first academic research concerning the possible studies of space law in the Latvian higher education institutions. Just now law studies are provided by 8 higher education institutions; but no one offers single study course on space law. The research aim is to analyse necessity to teach space law in the universities of the Republic of Latvia, taking into account the fact that Latvia now is an associate member of the ESA. The author has used descriptive, analytical and deductive-inductive research methods in the article. After review and analysis of the legal acts, policy planning documents and different reports, the author has made conclusions and recommendations. Preliminary it seems that space law must be teached as separated study course (or at least this topic must be included in the study course “International air law” or similar study course); publication of teaching book “Space law” also is desirable in latvian language.
THE EXPRESSION OF LEARNING ORIENTED ASSESSMENT CULTURE: A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS ABOUT ASSESSMENT
Authors: Raudiene Irena 
Published: May 2021

This article presents the results of a thematic analysis conducted after informal interviews with 10 teachers and a head teacher of one secondary school in the city of Vilnius about their classroom assessment practices. Part of a larger critical ethnographic research exploring the change of school culture when introducing assessment innovation, this analysis reveals common classroom assessment practices, teachers’ beliefs about the role of assessment, and the anxiety the school community shares around standardized testing and examinations. Literature suggests that both formative and summative assessment practices have great potential for improving students’ learning. Teachers are encouraged to integrate assessment into their teaching in order to identify where their pupils are in their learning and the steps they need to take for improvement and progress (Gardner, Hayward, Harlen Stobart, 2008). However convincing the arguments in favour of change are, the external school evaluation data shows that the real change in the way teachers assess students’ progress is very slow and hardly noticed. The concept of learning oriented assessment culture (Birenbaum, 2014) could provide more understanding about the nature of good classroom assessment and necessary conditions that help to sustain school efforts in improving assessment practices.
JOB SATISFACTION: ANALYSIS OF SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC DATA RELATED TO JOB SATISFACTION AMONG TEACHERS IN THE VIDZEME REGION
Authors: Dombrovskis Aivis 
Published: May 2021

This study analyses the socio-demographic factors of a group of teachers and school headmasters and their job satisfaction. It explores potential correlations and links between socio-demographic factors, the subjects which they teach, their role at the educational institution and the level of job satisfaction. The data were collected from 128 female respondents (N=128) from nine regional communities in the Vidzeme region of Latvia. Respondents were between 22 and 73, with an average age of 49. They were divided into five categories on the basis of age. There were also eight categories for subjects, teaching levels and the performed roles - the arts, the humanities, the social sciences, other sciences, preschool teachers (with students aged 1-7), primary school teachers (7-10), elementary school teachers (7-16) and headmasters. The study shows that job satisfaction among teachers is closely linked to the issue of whether they do or do not have children. Socio-demographic indicators such as partnership, the number of marriages, the number of marriages of their parents, and the existence of siblings - these indicated links, but not statistically significant ones in relation to the job satisfaction of teachers. The Likert scale was used to measure job satisfaction. The collected data were analysed with non-parametric methods.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE PERSONAL SELF-DETERMINATION OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE HUMANITARIAN PARADIGM OF EDUCATION
Authors: Alijev Roman , Chehlova Zoja , Keviša Ingrīda 
Published: May 2021

The research problem is the development of the personal self-determination of secondary school students in the process of learning based on the humanitarization of education. The research has been underpinned by the humanitarian paradigm of education, which is the result of the development of pedagogical methodology. In the 21st century, pedagogy is viewed as a social-humanitarian science with the predominance of the humanitarian component. We regard humanitarization as a contemporary technology of the educational process. The aims of the study are to analyse the characteristics of the personal self-determination of adolescents, identify the structure of the personal self-determination of secondary school students and determine conditions for the development of the personal self-determination of secondary school students in the process of learning. The research methods include observation, survey, conversation, an establishing experiment, mathematical statistics. The research results:1. there was determined the structure of personal self-determination of secondary school students as the system of inter-connected components;2. it was established that the humanitarization of the educational process is the key precondition for the development of the personal self-determination of secondary school students both regarding the logic of the subject and the logic of the process of learning (changing the style of relationships), as well as the logic of education (understanding culture as the world of human attitudes and meanings);3. the key values of secondary school students were identified, which were mainly pragmatic values.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONSTRUCTIVE INTERACTION SKILL AS A COMPONENT OF SOCIAL SUCCESS OF JUNIOR PUPIL
Authors: Mytnyk Alexandr , Matvienko Olena , Guraliuk Andrii , Mykhalchuk Nataliia , Ivashkevych Ernest 
Published: May 2021

The article proves that in order to achieve success in a person's society, it is important to be not only intellectually developed, but also to be able to work effectively in a team. The analysis of a scientific literature shows that there is a lack of research aimed at the purposeful development of students' ability to interact constructively with others. The purpose of the article is to reveal the theoretical and practical foundations for the development of the ability to constructively interact with others in primary school students. The following methods were used: theoretical analysis of a scientific literature on the problem of research, modeling, in order to describe the technique of constructing tasks for joint activities; empirical methods: diagnostic techniques, psychological and pedagogical experiment; methodology for building teaching as a holistic creative process.The article describes the essence of constructive interaction between the subjects of the educational process, presents the psychological and pedagogical conditions for the development of students of primary school age, the ability to constructively interact with others, namely: the introduction of the course "Logic" in the educational process of primary school in grades from 2 to4, tasks, related to the content of the course "Logic", in the lessons on the disciplines of the humanities and natural-mathematical cycles; the use of interactive teaching methods in the educational process; creation and implementation of tasks for joint educational activities, providing for the "I - inclusion" of everyone in joint work. A system of tasks related to the content of the course "Logic" is presented, examples of tasks of a combined nature are given and the process of working on them is described. The creation of tasks for joint educational activities in large and small groups by means of ICT is described, examples of such tasks are given, the process of working on such tasks is described.With the help of the introduction of certain diagnostic techniques and the organization of experimental research at the all-Ukrainian level, the positive dynamics of the development of students' ability to interact constructively with others and, as a consequence, the effectiveness of the named psychological and pedagogical conditions for the development of the presented skill have been proved.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NATIONAL DEFENSE TRAINING IN LATVIAN SCHOOLS AS THE TOPICALITY OF NOWADAYS EDUCATION
Authors: Kreija - Gaikšte Sandra , Katane Irēna 
Published: May 2021

Continuous changes in the global geopolitical space are highlighting our national interests in security matters, when thinking about the sustainability of our society and country. Both civic readiness to act in crisis situations and civic participation in strengthening national security are important. Therefore, following the introduction of a comprehensive National defense conception in Latvia, the acquisition of the subject of National defence training in secondary education programs will be compulsory from the academic year 2024/2025. The aim of the research was to substantiate the implementation of National defense traning in Latvian schools as a topicality of modern education. The new curriculum is included in the following areas of study: Health, Safety and Physical Activity and Social and Civic Learning. Nowadays, in the framework of pilot project, the new curriculum in the field of national defense is already being experimentally tested in 69 educational institutions: secondary schools, gymnasiums, vocational schools, colleges. The results of the research allow to conclude that: 1) the concept of comprehensive national defense has four dimensions (military, informative, psychological and civic dimensions); 2) all these dimensions were respected in the development of the National Defense Training curriculum. The content of education in the field of national defense will serve as a means of patriotic upbringing, but the training process itself will have an upbringing function. The implementation of National defense training must also be based on an ecological approach in providing an appropriate educational environment, paying attention to the contexts of indoor and outdoor environments.
ALEXANDER STREKAVIN’S (1889–1971) DRAWINGS OF MITAU – EVIDENCE FOR THE 19TH– EARLY 20TH-CENTURY INVENTIONS
Authors: Ozola Silvija 
Published: May 2021

Mitau, the former capital of the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia, became the Courland Governorate centre with the Governor’s residence in a palace on an island formed by the Driksa, the branch of the Lielupe River, and great changes have taken place in this city. Artist Alexander Aleksandrovich Strekavin, who born in Mitau on 17 September 1889, studied art history, read books, investigated documents in the museum, listened to people’s stories and completed materials about events and the development of his native city. His drawings introduce with the new iron bridge for traffic and technical innovations – bicycles, the first car in the Baltics and the first phonograph in Mitau, clothes of citizens during the 19th century and at the beginning 20th century. Since the 1950s, six notebooks in Latvian with memoirs recalling by Aleksander Strekavin and an illustrative appendix – a collection of his drawings “The Atlas of Notes on Ancient Mitau” are in the funds of Jelgava History and Art Museum of Ģederts Eliass. Research object: drawings of artist Alexander Strekavin. Research goal: analysis of changes in Mitau during the 19th century and at the beginning 20th century. Research problem: Strekavin’s drawings stored in the funds of Jelgava History and Art Museum have not been studied. Research novelty: analysis of information on technical innovations included in “The Atlas of Notes on Ancient Mitau”. Research methods: studies of published literature, cartographic materials and archive documents.
BACKSTROKE TEACHING METHODS IN HEALTHY CHILDREN WITH RESIDUAL PRIMITIVE REFLEXES
Authors: Bogdanoviča Irina , Lāriņš Viesturs 
Published: May 2021

There are studies suggesting that primitive reflexes can remain active in healthy children. Formal backstroke teaching is a part of many aquatic curriculum program. Even though the links with a problem during swimming learning with retained primitive reflexes were mentioned, there are no studies about effect of different backstroke teaching methods in healthy children with residual primitive reflexes. Aim of the study is to define the effect of teaching methods for backstroke in healthy children with residual primitive reflexes. Subjects: 6-7 years old healthy children with residual primitive reflexes. Methods: A part practice backstroke teaching method for the first group (12 children) has been focused on teaching of separate components (leg kicks, arm pulls, and breathing) before fitting them together, while another 12 participants in second group learnt backstroke separate components of arm-to-leg integration before combining them together inside of cycle. After 12 weeks of practice backstroke proficiency and heart rate during maximal continuous backstroke swimming were analyzed. The obtained results show significant differences between the two groups. The results of the second group are linked with better backstroke proficiency, significantly longer swimming distance and lower heart rate during swimming.
THE STYLES OF SPECIAL ARTISTRY IN RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS
Authors: Krafte Diana , Lāriņš Viesturs , Fernāte Andra 
Published: May 2021

Rhythmic gymnastics is a high achievement sport that requires athletes to demonstrate maximal abilities of the human body control while performing imaginative and meaningful compositions. With increasing of the technical complexity of the competitive compositions and striving for high results, less attention is paid to performance aesthetics. But at the same technical level during the competition, a decisive role in the gymnasts' performance is given to aesthetics. Patterns in the choice of composition content and gymnasts’ appearance and emotional similarities during performance allow concluding that there is a certain style, which can be defined as a special artistry style in rhythmic gymnastics. The aim of the research is to develop theoretical model of special artistry in rhythmic gymnastics, setting the tasks to determine, classify, structure, describe with determined artistic criteria and visualize with artistical images the special artistry styles. To develop the model the method of scientific and special literature analysis, audiovisual source analysis and modeling method were used. The model is mainly relying on C.G. Jung's theory of human perception of the world through universal symbols and the primary archetypes of the collective unconscious. Since mainly women participate in rhythmic gymnastics, the determination of the special artistry styles was based on the women archetypes of Ancient Greece goddesses according to the psychoanalyst prof. J.S. Bolen. To illustrate the styles more than 400 audiovisual materials were researched. As a result, the theoretical special artistry 32–style model in rhythmic gymnastics with two matrices of opposite style expressions consisting of 16 images each was created.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COGNITIVE RESERVE, MOTOR RESERVE AND THALAMUS VOLUMETRY IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Šneidere-Šustiņa Anete , Šneidere Kristīne , Dowell Nicholas G. , Stepens Ainārs 
Published: May 2021

With the increasing worldwide population, an ongoing escalation in mild cognitive impairment and dementia is predicted. Motor reserve – the cumulative physical activity experience gained throughout life, as well as cognitive reserve – the brain’s ability to overcome a pathology, such as neurodegenerative disorders, - has been identified as protective factors in cognitive decline. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between cognitive reserve, motor reserve, and brain volumetry in older adults. 44 older adults (M = 70, SD = 5.18, 77.3% female) with no self-reported significant neurological, ongoing oncological etc. disorders that might limit their participation in the study were involved in the study. All participants underwent a thorough life-style and psychological assessment, as well as structural brain MRI analysis. Overall, our study indicated the significance of a combination of lifestyle factors in predicting thalamic volume. The results of this study indicate that life-long participation in physical, intellectual, and social activities could be beneficial for preserving the volume of thalamus, which is among the first to decline due to aging.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND COVID-19-RELATED BEHAVIOR AMONG INDIVIDUALS AGED 50 AND OLDER IN LATVIA
Authors: Gehtmane-Hofmane Ilona , Tēraudkalna Madara , Rajevska Olga , Koroļeva Ilze , Reine Ieva 
Published: May 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the WHO on March 11, 2020, due to its high infection rate, which caused thousands of deaths worldwide and expanding. The evolving outbreak of COVID-19 requires health-protective behavior that can alleviate the severity of an epidemic. Therefore, recognizing the underlying drivers of health-protective behavior against COVID-19 is urgently needed to form policy responses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the individual-level underlying drivers affecting the formation of knowledge, attitudes, and COVID-19-related health-protective behavior among individuals aged 50 and older who are more vulnerable to complications of infection because of their age. The factors making individuals more vulnerable are also associated with the ability to access and understand information, make well-informed decisions, and take health-protective and promoting actions, especially when information itself is not timely, trusted, consistent, or actionable. The researchers used data from a representative population sample consisting of 50-80-year-old individuals, obtained from in-depth, semi-structured telephone interviews during July – August 2020, between the first and second waves of COVID-19. For conducting qualitative data analyses, the Grounded Theory (GT) approach for developing code structure was used.
THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON SERVICES FOR PERSONS WITH NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS: AN ITALIAN CASE
Authors: Zorzi Simone 
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has had severe effects on social health services worldwide. Many people with neurodevelopmental disorders have lost their professional support. The interruption of supportive assistance has been devastating since it has negatively affected their continuity of care as well as their social inclusion and socialization. This paper aims to illustrate the impact of the COVID-19 on an Italian Public Social Health System Services for people with disability. It highlights and discusses the strategy that was adopted in order to ensure the continuity of care assistance provided to the service clients as the organization of emergency remote support and individual support services for independent living. An exploratory study was conducted involving the entire population of people with neurodevelopmental disorders (n=333) included in the Disability System Services of Udine (Friuli Venezia Giulia Region, North-East Italy) to analyze the main repercussions occurred on the organization of services during the pandemic period. A comparative analysis of the number of persons enrolled in the different types of support services and of individuals’ support needs, evaluated throught the Support intensity scale (SIS), pre- and post-pandemic crisis (January 2020 – January 2021) was conducted. The data shows that, despite the enormous difficulties, the adopted strategy has succeeded in limiting the risks of isolation and the negative impact on individual interventions, and opened the way to new alternative and innovative strategies for planning and implementing support.
FORMATION OF THE NURSES’ PROFESSIONAL ATTITUDES FOR WORK IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
Authors: Jankovska Livija 
Published: May 2021

While the transformation of the medical education in general is competence-oriented and practice based, the article focuses on the role of the attitudes for the development of the nurses’ education and profession. Covid-19 critical conditions created new complicated cognitive, professional and psycho-emotional challenges for health care specialists. Nurses’ work ability and professional attitudes have become the central factor to solve clinical and personal problems in order to provide patient-centered and effective medical care. However, it shows that nurses do not have all the necessary competences to quickly adapt, react and keep psycho-emotional balance, working in critical situations. Theoretical analyses and empirical investigations are aimed at finding out what skills and attitudes are essential for medical specialists in Covid-19 pandemic conditions and how students feel about their readiness to use necessary skills and attitudes in practice in unexpected and complicated conditions The article discusses how to transform the organisation of the medical college study process and content to give students opportunities to acquire experience and develop necessary attitudes for the complicated practice. The focus is on studying the nurses’ attitudes necessary for the Covid 19 situation and possibility to promote them in the authentic work-based study process. The study of theoretical sources and survey results give evidence that practice-based studies can promote medical students’ professional attitudes and psycho-emotional capacity, if medical studies are aimed at forming emergency oriented skills and structured in the practice-based environment. Implementation of attitudes as outcome into programmes and effective transition of attitudes into practice can promote higher quality of nurses’ professional and responsibility level.