bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurological symptoms and complications in predominantly hospitalized COVID‐19 patients: Results of the European multinational Lean European Open Survey on SARS‐Infected Patients (LEOSS)
Authors: Kleineberg Nina N. , Knauss Samuel , Gülke Eileen , Pinnschmidt Hans O. , Jakob Carolin E. M. , Lingor Paul , Hellwig Kerstin , Berthele Achim , Höglinger Günter , Fink Gereon R. , Endres Matthias , Gerloff Christian , Klein Christine , Stecher Melanie , Classen Annika Y. , Rieg Siegbert , Borgmann Stefan , Hanses Frank , Rüthrich Maria M. , Hower Martin , Tometten Lukas , Haselberger Martina , Piepel Christiane , Merle Uta , Dolff Sebastian , Degenhardt Christian , Jensen Björn‐Erik O. , Vehreschild Maria J. G. T. , Erber Johanna , Franke Christiana , Warnke Clemens ,   the LEOSS Study Group
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeDuring acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection, neurological signs, symptoms and complications occur. We aimed to assess their clinical relevance by evaluating real‐world data from a multinational registry.MethodsWe analyzed COVID‐19 patients from 127 centers, diagnosed between January 2020 and February 2021, and registered in the European multinational LEOSS (Lean European Open Survey on SARS‐Infected Patients) registry. The effects of prior neurological diseases and the effect of neurological symptoms on outcome were studied using multivariate logistic regression.ResultsA total of 6537 COVID‐19 patients (97.7% PCR‐confirmed) were analyzed, of whom 92.1% were hospitalized and 14.7% died. Commonly, excessive tiredness (28.0%), headache (18.5%), nausea/emesis (16.6%), muscular weakness (17.0%), impaired sense of smell (9.0%) and taste (12.8%), and delirium (6.7%) were reported. In patients with a complicated or critical disease course (53%) the most frequent neurological complications were ischemic stroke (1.0%) and intracerebral bleeding (ICB; 2.2%). ICB peaked in the critical disease phase (5%) and was associated with the administration of anticoagulation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Excessive tiredness (odds ratio [OR] 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20–1.68) and prior neurodegenerative diseases (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.07–1.63) were associated with an increased risk of an unfavorable outcome. Prior cerebrovascular and neuroimmunological diseases were not associated with an unfavorable short‐term outcome of COVID‐19.ConclusionOur data on mostly hospitalized COVID‐19 patients show that excessive tiredness or prior neurodegenerative disease at first presentation increase the risk of an unfavorable short‐term outcome. ICB in critical COVID‐19 was associated with therapeutic interventions, such as anticoagulation and ECMO, and thus may be an indirect complication of a life‐threatening systemic viral infection.
Strangulating lesions of the small intestine associated with the greater omentum in horses: 32 cases
Authors: Storms N. , Salciccia A. , Grulke S. , Barbazanges P. , Detilleux J. , de la Rebière G. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryBackgroundStrangulating lesions of the small intestine involving the greater omentum (SSIGOs) have only rarely been reported. Furthermore, information pertaining to clinical descriptions, surgical findings and outcome is lacking.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to describe the prevalence, clinical presentation, surgical findings, postoperative outcome and risk factors associated with SSIGOs.Study designThis is a retrospective case series of 32 horses with a diagnosis of SSIGOs.MethodsData from hospital records of horses identified with SSIGOs between 2005 and 2020 including signalment, clinical findings at presentation, initial laboratory results, surgical findings, surgical procedures performed and postoperative survival were analysed. The prevalence of SSIGOs was determined. SSIGO was compared with small intestinal strangulating and nonstrangulating lesions and other types of colic to identify potential risk factors among signalment data and to determine outcome, using multiple logistic regression models.ResultsSSIGOs were present in 2.3% (32/1413) of all horses undergoing exploratory laparotomy for colic, 4.7% of all horses with primary small intestinal lesions (32/683) and 5.6% of strangulating small intestinal lesions (32/570). Surgical findings included primary strangulation by the greater omentum with or without involvement of a lipoma‐like mass originating from the greater omentum (15/32 [47%]), adhesions involving the greater omentum leading to strangulation of the small intestine (14/32 [44%]) and small intestine incarceration through an omental rent (3/32 [9%]). The short‐term survival rate defined as survival until discharge was 53% (17/32) considering all SSIGO cases, and 85% (17/20) for SSIGO cases recovered from anaesthesia. Risk factors identified were increasing age and year of surgery.Main limitationsThe limitations of this study are retrospective study design and the limited number of SSIGO cases reflecting the rarity of this condition.ConclusionsNumerous anatomical configurations of SSIGO exist, but clinical presentation is similar to other strangulating small intestinal lesions. Although uncommon, SSIGOs should be considered a potential cause of small intestine strangulation.
Successful treatment of a severely contaminated open metatarsophalangeal joint luxation by arthrodesis
Authors: Haspeslagh M. , Schauvliege S. , Martens A. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryA horse with an open medial luxation of the left metatarsophalangeal joint with extensive cartilage and soft tissue damage and severe contamination of the wound was treated with a two‐stage approach. In the first stage, the lesion was cleaned, the luxation was reduced, the wound was sutured and the limb was kept in a cast for a total time of 56 days. In the second stage, an arthrodesis of the affected joint was carried out, using a 13‐hole broad 4.5 LCP plate. The limb was then kept in a cast for an additional total time of 56 days. At 70 days after the arthrodesis, the horse was brought in for a final check‐up, and only a mechanical lameness remained at that time. No significant complications occurred. Previous case reports on the treatment of metatarso‐/metacarpophalangeal luxations include neither cases as severe as the one presented here nor treatment by fetlock arthrodesis. This case illustrates that horses with a complicated, open luxation of the fetlock can be salvaged for breeding purposes.
Multicavitary septic effusions associated with actinobacillosis in an adult Tennessee Walking Horse with weight loss
Authors: Means K. , Townsend K. , Johnson P. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryMulticavitary effusions were identified in an 18‐year‐old Tennessee Walking Horse gelding that had been losing weight throughout the previous 6 months. Based on results of microbiological culturing of peritoneal and pleural fluid, peritonitis and pleuritis were attributed to actinobacillosis. Whereas previous case reports indicate that most horses affected with actinobacillosis are typically presented with signs that include acute colic, fever, lethargy, inappetence and respiratory signs (dyspnoea, coughing or nasal discharge), and in which haematological abnormalities (leucocytosis, neutrophilia or leucopenia) are readily identified, the only abnormality in this case was progressive weight loss. The gelding made a complete recovery following drainage of fluid from both the peritoneal and pleural spaces and treatment with broad‐spectrum antimicrobials. Peritoneal and pleural effusions were readily identified by ultrasonography, facilitating collection of fluid from which the diagnoses were established. Actinobacillosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of weight loss in adult horses, even when typical clinical signs of acute peritonitis or pleuritis are not identified.
Increases in extreme heat stress in domesticated livestock species during the twenty‐first century
Authors: Thornton Philip , Nelson Gerald , Mayberry Dianne , Herrero Mario 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAnthropogenic climate change is expected to have major impacts on domesticated livestock, including increased heat stress in animals in both intensive and extensive livestock systems. We estimate the changes in the number of extreme heat stress days per year for animals raised outdoors that can be expected in the major domesticated animal species (cattle, sheep, goats, poultry, and pigs) across the globe during this century. We used the temperature humidity index as a proxy for heat stress, calculated using temperature and relative humidity data collated from an ensemble of CMIP6 climate model output for mid and end century. We estimate changes in the proportions of different livestock species that may be at increased risk of extreme heat stress under two contrasting greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Results are discussed in relation to changes in the suitability of different climate conditions for domesticated livestock during the current century. We find that by end century, extreme heat stress risk is projected to increase for all livestock species in many parts of the tropics and some of the temperate zones, and to become climatically more widespread, compared to 2000. Although adaptation options exist for both intensive and extensive livestock production systems, the increasing pervasiveness of extreme heat stress risk in the future will seriously challenge the viability of outdoor livestock keeping, particularly in the lower latitudes in lower and middle‐income countries where the costs of adaptation may be challenging to address.
Vegetation grows more luxuriantly in Arctic permafrost drained lake basins
Authors: Chen Yating , Liu Aobo , Cheng Xiao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs Arctic warming, permafrost thawing, and thermokarst development intensify, increasing evidence suggests that the frequency and magnitude of thermokarst lake drainage events are increasing. Presently, we lack a quantitative understanding of vegetation dynamics in drained lake basins, which is necessary to assess the extent to which plant growth in thawing ecosystems will offset the carbon released from permafrost. In this study, continuous satellite observations were used to detect thermokarst lake drainage events in northern Alaska over the past 20 years, and an advanced temporal segmentation and change detection algorithm allowed us to determine the year of drainage for each lake. Quantitative analysis showed that the greenness (normalized difference vegetation index [NDVI]) of tundra vegetation growing on wet and nutrient‐rich lake sediments increased approximately 10 times faster than that of the peripheral vegetation. It takes approximately 5 years (4–6 years for the 25%–75% range) for the drainage lake area to reach the greenness level of the peripheral vegetation. Eventually, the NDVI values of the drained lake basins were 0.15 (or 25%) higher than those of the surrounding areas. In addition, we found less lush vegetation in the floodplain drained lake basins, possibly due to water logging. We further explored the key environmental drivers affecting vegetation dynamics in and around the drained lake basins. The results showed that our multivariate regression model well simulated the growth dynamics of the drainage lake ecosystem (, p < .001) and peripheral vegetation (, p < .001). Among climate variables, moisture variables were more influential than temperature variables, indicating that vegetation growth in this area is susceptible to water stress. Our study provides valuable information for better modeling of vegetation dynamics in thermokarst lake areas and provides new insights into Arctic greening and carbon balance studies as thermokarst lake drainage intensifies.
Development potential of Chinese smart cities and its spatio‐temporal pattern: A new hybrid MADM method using combination weight
Authors: Chu Zhen , Cheng Mingwang , Yu Ning Neil 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTaking advantage of information communication technology, a smart city is a city that has its critical urban infrastructure upgraded to optimise resources allocation and maintenance activities. It serves as a new technology‐based solution to mitigate urban diseases and to improve urban development in China. However, unbalanced and uncoordinated smart city development potential (SCDP) would impede the future construction of the smart city. Consequently, this study aims to measure SCDP and further examine the equality of its spatial distribution in China. In this regard, a brand‐new hybrid multiple attribute decision‐making (MADM) model is proposed to evaluate SCDP. Subsequently, a series of spatial analyses are introduced to uncover the spatial differentiation of SCDP. The results suggest that (a) overall SCDP in China has a continuous upward tendency, and the SCDP compositions of six subsystems contribute variously; (b) over time high‐SCDP cities agglomerated in the east, whereas most of the low‐SCDP cities clustered in the west. This feature indicates that SCDP in China is unevenly distributed; (c) high‐SCDP cities preferred to cooperate in coordinated efforts rather than develop independently. This study makes new contributions to smart city development research in terms of methodology and empirical evidence.
Neutrophils in secondary lymphoid organs
Authors: Lok Laurence S. C. , Clatworthy Menna R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNeutrophils are traditionally considered short‐lived, circulating innate immune cells that are rapidly recruited to sites of inflammation in response to infectious and inflammatory stimuli. Neutrophils efficiently internalize, kill or entrap pathogens, but their effector molecules may cause collateral tissue damage. More recently, it has been appreciated that neutrophils can also influence adaptive immunity. Lymph nodes (LNs) are immune cell‐rich secondary lymphoid organs that provide an ideal platform for cellular interaction and the integration of immunological information collected from local tissues. A variety of peripheral stimuli promote neutrophil migration to draining LNs via blood or lymphatics, utilizing differing molecular cues depending on the site of entry. Within LNs, neutrophils interact with other innate and adaptive cells. Crosstalk with subcapsular sinus macrophages contributes to the control of pathogen spread beyond the LN. Neutrophils can influence antigen presentation indirectly by interacting with DCs or directly by expressing major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and costimulatory molecules for antigen presentation. Interactions between neutrophils and adaptive lymphocytes can alter B‐cell antibody responses. Studies have shown conflicting results on whether neutrophils exert stimulatory or inhibitory effects on other LN immune cells, with stimulus‐specific and temporal differences in the outcome of these interactions. Furthermore, neutrophils have also been shown to traffick to LNs in homeostasis, with a potential role in immune surveillance, antigen capture and in shaping early adaptive responses in LNs. Understanding the mechanisms underpinning the effects of neutrophils on LN immune cells and adaptive immunity could facilitate the development of neutrophil‐targeted therapies in inflammatory diseases.
(Re)‘Thinking’ family in nursing care in pandemic times
Authors: Fernandes Carla Sílvia , Magalhães Bruno , Silva Sílvia , Edra Beatriz 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to identify which strategies are being adopted to deal with family restrictions in health units and assess nurses' perceptions of including families in nursing care during the current pandemic.BackgroundDue to the COVID‐19 pandemic, health organisations limited access for visitors.IntroductionFamily centred care needs to be guaranteed, and alternatives for face‐to‐face interaction should be fostered. Therefore, there is an urgent need to rethink the family in nursing care during a pandemic.MethodsWe conducted a descriptive exploratory mixed‐method study in Portugal using an electronic questionnaire. The study included 192 nurses recruited using a non‐probabilistic convenience sample. The study was reported using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines.ResultsA total of 41.1% of participants (n = 79) reported that visits to their services were not authorised, and 66.7% (n = 128) reported resorting to video calls because of the restrictions imposed. Regarding attitude assessment, the average score of the scale was 77.9 (SD = 10.0), ranging between 26 and 98. When analysing the different dimensions of the ‘Families' Importance in Nursing Care ‐ Nurses Attitudes’ scale, family data stand out as a burden.ConclusionAlthough a large percentage of participants had a positive attitude towards families and tried to find strategies to maintain family centred care, many nurses still considered the family as a burden. The current COVID‐19 pandemic may have aggravated this perception.Implications for nursing practice, nursing policy and health policyThe continued implementation of family centred nursing practice is essential for child‐well‐being, including during the current pandemic. Therefore, having intervention policies with alternative forms of care is highly recommended.
Do companies try to conceal financial misstatements through auditor shopping?
Authors: Singer Zvi , Zhang Jing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPrior studies on auditor shopping primarily focused on the motivation to avoid unfavorable audit opinions, such as going concern and modified opinion. In this study, we show that companies that misstate their financial statements engage in auditor shopping to try to conceal the financial misstatements. In other words, their misstatements would have been discovered sooner had they made an opposite “replace or retain” auditor decision. We further show that engagement in auditor shopping results in a higher turnover of the CEO, the CFO and audit committee members but only when auditor shopping involves auditor dismissal. Thus, we document the negative consequences of engaging in auditor shopping. Finally, we show that effective monitoring curbs auditor shopping. Our findings should be of interest to regulators who continue to express concerns over this practice as well as to senior managers and audit committee members.
Genomic footprints of Quaternary colonization and population expansion in the Patagonian‐Fuegian region rules out a separate southern refugium in Tierra del Fuego
Authors: Giorello Facundo M. , D’Elía Guillermo , Lessa Enrique P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimDuring the glacial phases, the Andean slopes of southern South America were covered by ice sheets, causing the isolation of many species in glacial refugia. This work aimed to test the number and putative location of glacial refugia in southern South America and establish the sources, timing and direction of post‐glacial colonization events.LocationSouthern South America, Patagonia.TaxonOlive mouse (Abrothrix olivacea).MethodsUsing exome capture, we genotyped 7339 SNPs in 172 specimens of A. olivacea collected at 21 localities distributed across the steppe, grasslands, and forests in the Patagonian‐Fuegian region and seven specimens from two other species of Abrothrix. Based on the effective migration rate, principal component analysis, and admixture composition, we first study the population structure of A. olivacea. The source and direction of colonization events were inferred using the directionality index and standard population genetic analyses. To study the role of the glacial phases, we performed a bayesian demographic analysis to infer divergences times and ancestral population sizes.ResultsPopulation genomic analyses based on SNPs of more than 7000 exons identified three Patagonian genetic clusters: Valdivian forests, continental Magellan forests, and a combination of continental open biomes and Tierra del Fuego. The directionality index supports a single source in northwestern forests, in line with a Valdivian forest refugium, from which the post‐glacial colonization may have started. The effective diversity rate, the onset of population expansions and divergence times also support a Valdivian forest refugium and rule out a separate southern refugium in Tierra del Fuego.Main conclusionsOur results support a coastal refugium located in or near the previously proposed Valdivian refugium and reject in situ differentiation in Tierra del Fuego. More in general, our demographical analysis reveals the role of the Last Glacial Maximum in affecting the population dynamics (i.e., contraction and expansion) of A. olivacea and in fostering the geographical diversification of populations.
Fibroblasts from the oral masticatory and lining mucosa have different gene expression profiles and proliferation rates
Authors: Kabakov Liron , Nemcovsky Carlos E. , Plasmanik‐Chor Metsada , Meir Haya , Bar Daniel Z. , Weinberg Evgeny 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsTo compare the gene expression profiles and proliferation rates of fibroblasts from the oral lining and masticatory mucosae.Materials and methodsPrimary human fibroblasts were retrieved from the posterior masticatory hard palate and the lining alveolar mucosa of five individuals. The gene expression profile was evaluated using total RNA sequencing. The proliferation rate was determined colorimetrically.ResultsSubstantial differences in specific gene groups and pathways were observed between fibroblasts from the two tissues. Significantly enriched gene ontology processes were focused on the extracellular components. Lining mucosa fibroblasts exhibited significantly higher expression of the principal structural collagens, cranial neural crest markers, and homeobox genes associated with positional memory. Masticatory mucosa fibroblasts showed greater expression of genes related to transforming growth factor‐β signalling, which may be associated with fibrosis. In addition, they expressed higher levels of the EP2 prostaglandin E2 receptor and Toll‐like receptor 1. Finally, masticatory mucosa fibroblasts exhibited a 10%–30% higher proliferation rate.ConclusionsFibroblasts from the lining and masticatory oral mucosae are phenotypically heterogeneous, presenting distinct gene expression profiles and proliferation rates. These features may contribute to their specific physiological functions and have relevance for potential therapeutic applications.