bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DEIKSIS PERSONA DALAM AL-QURAN SURAT AL-KAHFI
Authors: Tumanggor Ilham 
Published: February 2021

Tujuan tulisan ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan wujud dan acuan deiksis persona dalam teks Al-Quran surah Al-Kahfi. Metode yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah metode deskritif–kualitatif. Data tulisan ini adalah kata dan frasa yang berkaitan dengan deiksis. Sumberdata yang digunakan adalah Al-Quran surat Al-Kahfi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis ditemukan penggunaan deiksis persona yang mencakup mencakup tiga macam, yaitu persona pertama (P1) yang disebut dengan al-mutakallim ( المتكلم ), persona kedua (P2) atau al-mukhāthabالمخاطب) ), dan persona ketiga (P3) atau al-ghoib ( الغائب ). Penggunaan deiksis persona pertama (al-mutakallim) yang mengacu kepada yang berbicara ditemukan sebanyak 46 data; terdapat 3 (tiga) data persona pertama tunggal bentuk bebas dan terikat sebanyak 16 data, serta 1 data persona pertama jamak bentuk bebas dan 26data bentuk terikat persona pertama jamak. Pada pronomina persona kedua yang mengacu kepada lawan bicara/mitra tutur ditemukan sebanyak 40 data yang seluruhnya persona kedua bentuk terikat, sedangkan dalam bentuk bebas (، أنت، أنتماأنتم ) tidak ditemukan penggunaannya. Penggunaan pronomina persona ketiga yang mengacu kepada orang/sesuatu yang dibicarakan ditemukan sebanyak 135 data. Semua jenis pronomina persona ketiga baik bentuk bebas maupun terikat ditemukan penggunaanya dalam surat Al-Kahfi kecuali pronomina persona ketigadual bentuk bebas ( .(هما
ANTONIM DALAM AL-QURAN SURAT AL-LAIL
Authors: Tumanggor Ilham 
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis antonimi dalam Al-Quran Surat Al-Lail. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori antonimi berdasarkan perspektif Muhammad Ali Al-Khouli. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskritif–kualitatif. Data penelitian ini adalah kata, frasa dan kalimat yang menunjukkan adanya pertentangan makna (antonimi). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian jenis antonimi yang ditemukan dalam surat Al-Lail yaitu antonim mutlak/tadhod had dan antonimi bertingkat. Ayat-ayat Al-Quran memiliki lautan makna yang sangat dalam dengan gaya bahasanya yang khas. Oleh karena itu selalu ada mutiara pesan yang terkandung di dalamnya. Pada Surat Al-Lail Allah menggunakan 2 metode dalam memberi nasehat, yaitu memberikan janji akan adanya balasan/reward yang berlipat ganda dari amal kebaikan hambaNya (targhib/motivasi) dan metode tarhib (memberikan peringatan terhadap amal keburukan).
PERS DAN PEMERINTAH
Authors: Dasa Syawal Syahputra  
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui beberapa hal yang berkaitan dengan Pers dan Pemerintah diantaranya adalah, Pertama: Apa pengertian dari Pers itu sendiri. Kedua: Apa sajakah fungsi dari pers. Ketiga: Apa saja pilar penyangga pers itu. Keempat: Bagaimana sistem pers yang berlaku. Kelima: Penelitian ini juga membahas tentang pengaruh pers Internasional terhadap pers dalam negeri. Keenam: Ulasan tentang sistem berita. Ketujuh: Bagaimana arus berita internasional. Kedelapan: tentang kebebasan pers, sejauh mana dan apakah ada aturan dan persyaratan yang berlaku untuk kebebasan ini. Kesembilan: Rambu-rambu kebebasan pers dan pengawasan pemerintah terhadap pers itu sendiri. Kesepuluh: Kami juga akan menyampaikan sedikit tentang Undang-Undang Pers.
Dalam penelitian ini akan disimpulkan tentang kesepuluh hal tersebut untuk kemudian menjadi pedoman bagi setiap insan pers dalam menjalankan profesi dan tugasnya. Karena dengan mengetahui kesepuluh hal ini, sangat cukup bagi kita untuk mengetahui tentang hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan Pers dan pemerintah.
LDK pasiuntiniai į abiejų Tautų Respublikos 1740 m. Seimą
Authors: Macukas Andrejus 
Published: February 2021

Straipsnyje aptariami Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės (LDK) pavietų seimeliuose vykę pasiuntinių į Abiejų Tautų Respublikos (ATR) 1740 m. Seimą rinkimai, kurie atskleidžia didikų (Radvilų, Oginskių, Sapiegų ir Čartoriskių) kovą dėl įtakos valstybėje. Apžvelgiama į seimelius išrinktų atstovų priklausomybė įvairioms didikų grupuotėms, pasiuntiniams formuluojamos instrukcijos, atspindinčios LDK vidaus politinį gyvenimą.
ATR vidaus struktūras LDK didikai suvokė kaip vietą, kur galima siekti sau palankių sprendimų, todėl, nepaisydami Seimo ir seimelių esminės paskirties, prioritetiniu uždaviniu laikė artimų asmenų iškėlimą ir išrinkimą atstovais. Straipsnyje keliama prielaida, kad didikų interesų kova silpnino LDK ir ATR.
Valstiečių liaudininkų vaidmuo Steigiamajame Seime (1920–1922 m.) ruošiant demokratinės santvarkos Lietuvoje pagrindus
Authors: Blažytė-Baužienė Danutė 
Published: February 2021

Straipsnyje analizuojama valstiečių liaudininkų doktrinos įtaka bloko veiklai Steigiamajame Seime (1920–1922 m.) rengiant ir priimant demokratinę valstybės santvarką reglamentuojančius dokumentus: 1920 m. gegužės 15 d. rezoliuciją, Laikinąją ir Nuolatinę Konstitucijas, Mažojo Seimo įstatymą, taip pat politinė veikla sudarant ir palaikant valstiečių liaudininkų ir krikščionių demokratų bloko koaliciją 1920 m. birželio – 1922 m. vasario 13 dieną.
Steigiamajame Seime valstiečiai liaudininkai atstovavo nuosaikiai kairiosioms nuosekliai demokratinėms politinėms jėgoms. Buvo stengiamasi atsižvelgti į valstybės kūrimo poreikius, tad centro, atstovaujamo krikščionių demokratų, ir kairės koalicija, veikusi pusantrų metų, savo nuostatomis dėl Lietuvos valstybės santvarkos pagrindų mažai skyrėsi. Juos vienijo polinkis į parlamentinę demokratiją, o skirtumai dėl įstatymų leidžiamosios ir vykdomosios valdžios galių, nors ir kėlė smarkių diskusijų, buvo galimi išspręsti abipusiais kompromisais. Vis dėlto nuosekliai laikydamiesi požiūrio, kad valstybės valdžia yra viena ir ji sutelkta Seime, valstiečiai liaudininkai apsunkino K. Griniaus vadovaujamos Vyriausybės darbą koalicijoje. Konstitucijos komisijos parengtame Konstitucijos projekte buvo pasiektas tam tikras krikščionių demokratų ir valstiečių liaudininkų susitarimas formuluojant kai kurias pasaulėžiūros nuostatas, – šių politinių jėgų komisijos nariai balsavo už tai, kad dokumentas būtų pateiktas Steigiamojo Seimo plenumui svarstyti. Tačiau valstiečių liaudininkų nekompromisiškumas, pasireiškęs pasaulėžiūros skirtumais svarstant projektą Seime: nustatant valstybės santykius su Bažnyčia, sprendžiant sąžinės laisvės ir tikybos dėstymo mokyklose klausimus, – supriešino dvi didžiąsias politines jėgas, suardė koaliciją ir lėmė tai, kad valstiečiai liaudininkai nebalsavo už 1922 m. Konstitucijos priėmimą.
HOMESCHOOLING SEBAGAI PENDIDIKAN ALTERNATIF DI ERA MODERN
Authors: Fakiha Ila , Ahmadi Alfian Khuswaidinsyah 
Published: February 2021

In the modern era, competition among educational institutions is getting tougher because it is demanded to be able to appreciate and develop students' abilities in the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains. These demands are not easy to actualize due to various factors in the learning process. Thus, there are some students and parents who lack confidence in formal institutions which are in fact favorite and trusted educational institutions. The emergence of the phenomenon of homeschooling is a choice in producing better quality. Homeschooling is informal education which is a choice for parents who want to actualize developments in aspects of cognition, psychomotor and even more flexible social aspects and conducive learning so that parents can monitor it directly and parents can know the child's development continuously. The act of selecting homeschooling as an alternative educational institution in the modern era is based on the motives and meaning of homeschooling.
This research method uses a qualitative approach to the type of case studies, using a phenomenological perspective. While collecting data obtained by observation and interview methods. After the data is obtained, the next step is to analyze the data. The results of this study are: The meaning of homeschooling for students: 1) learning more 2) learning environment is more conducive and effective. While the meaning of homeschooling for parents: the freedom to choose lessons and talents that children want to pursue. The motives for choosing homeschooling: 1) there is a mismatch with previous formal schools, 2) accustomed to homeschooling since childhood, 3) learning difficulties in large classes, 4) difficulty controlling child development, 5) avoiding bulliying, 6) the cost of education can adjust the ability parents, 7) have a lot of time with family, 8) theoretical learning as well as practice, 9) the potential that exists in children is explored.
Keywords: Homeschooling, Alternative Education, Rationality Actions, Modern
INDEKS KEPUASAN PENGGUNA LAYANAN PENDIDIKAN DI MTSN KOTA PROBOLINGGO
Authors: Soleha Anik Matus , Andriyani Desi Dwi , Kristiyono Jefri Try 
Published: February 2021

The problem in this study is that the quality of education services in MTSN City of Probolinggo has an effect on service user satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to determine the satisfaction index of education service users which consisted of reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangible variables. The population of this study were all users of educational services, namely all students and guardians of students in MTSN Kota Probolinggo. This research is a descriptive quantitative research type with the instrument used in the form of a questionnaire. The data analysis method used in this research is the Community Satisfaction Index (IKM) in accordance with the Decree of the Minister of State Apparatus Empowerment Number: KEP / 25 / M.PAN / 2/2004. Community Satisfaction (IKM) is calculated using the weighted average value of each service element. The sample in this study were 150 respondents. The type of data used is primary data obtained through questionnaires. The results of the IKM research in MTSN City of Probolinggo have an education service satisfaction index value of 3.28 and an IKM value of 82 which means that the quality of service is included in category A, so that customer satisfaction with the quality of service can be said to be very satisfied. The conclusion of the research result shows that the quality of education services provided by MTSN Kota Probolinggo is very satisfying.
Keyword : satisfaction index, IKM, users of education services
PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN PERKOPERASIAN TERHADAP PARTISIPASI ANGGOTA PADA KOPERASI WANITA DI KABUPATEN TULUNGAGUNG
Authors: ANASRULLOH MUHAMMAD , Rokhim Adib Minanur , Firotul M Anna Febrian 
Published: February 2021

Cooperatives aim to improve the welfare of members in particular and society in general, as well as participate in building the national economic order, to achieve this, of course, cooperatives must be independent and more developed with the support of active comprehensive participation from their members. Cooperatives are expected to be independent, resilient and efficient so that they will be able to face various economic problems. Cooperatives must be improved so that income distribution and poverty alleviation, especially for members, can be realized. Cooperatives require an active role of their members in all cooperative activities, this active role is created when there is a feeling of belonging so that they can effectively take part in cooperative decision making. However, a cooperative whose business is in the service sector is certainly not easy to invite participation in all aspects of activities, it requires an appropriate and appropriate strategy, one strategy that can be used to increase member participation is Cooperative Education. This study aims to determine how much influence Cooperative Education has on member participation in Women's Cooperatives (Kopwan) in Tulungagung Regency.
Keyword: Member Participation, Cooperative Education
Disrupting Social Exclusion in the Museum Through the Use of Rock as a Place of Memory
Authors: Flores Varela María Isabel 
Published: February 2021

The majority of people prefer to go to the movies rather than to a museum. This is not surprising given the image of a high-cultured, history-based, representation-controlled museum-cemetery that pervades in the collective imaginarium. We can admit that the museum as a whole, is affected by a set of wicked problems, and one resonates pretty loud: the social exclusion. There are many forces that have facilitated the social exclusion in the museum. In this article, I would like to share the results of my research, “Rock as a place of memory,” in which I analyze how history has superseded memory through the museum ́s genealogy and propose the transformation of rock music into a place of memory as a tool to disrupt social exclusion of the museum.
Green Tribology
Authors: Van Minh Nguyen , Kuzharov Alexander , Hai Ninh Le , Huynh Nguyen , Kuzharov Andrey 
Published: February 2021

This chapter provides an overview of Green tribology, which is a new direction in the development of tribology, a new interesting area for scientific researches and a new way to turn tribology into a friend of ecological environment and saving energy. Green tribology is considered as well as close area with other “green” disciplines like green engineering and green chemistry. In the chapter, the various aspects of green tribology such as the concept, perspectives, role and goal, main principles, primary areas, challenges and directions of the future development have been discussed. It was clarified that green tribology can be defined as an interdisciplinary field attributed to the broad induction of various concepts such as energy, materials science, green lubrication, and environmental science. The most important role and goal of green tribology is improvement of efficiency by minimizing wear and friction in tribological processes to save energy, resources and protect environment, and consequently, improve the quality of human life. The twelve principles and three areas of green tribology were analyzed. Observation of these principles can greatly reduce the environmental impact of tribological processes, assist economic development and, as a result, improve the quality of life. The integration of these areas remains the major challenge of green tribology and defines the future directions of research in this field. This work also presents a rather detailed analysis of the most important effect in green tribology—the “zero-wear” effect (selective transfer effect). It was established that the “zero-wear” effect is due to self-organization in frictional interaction in tribological systems, which is the consequence of the complex tribo-chemical reactions and physico-chemical processes occurred in the area of frictional contact, that lead to the manifestation of unique tribological characteristics: super-antifrictional (friction coefficient ~ 10−3) and without wear (intensity wear ~10−15). This condition of tribo-system was provided by a protective nanocrystalline servovite film made of soft metal with unusual combination of mechanical properties.
Current Challenges in Cystic Fibrosis Screening
Authors: Lyon Elaine , Miller Christine 
Published: February 2021

AbstractContent.—This article gives an overview of the symptoms and mutations associated with classic and atypical cystic fibrosis (CF). Current testing methods for mutation detection in CF are discussed.Objectives.—Review testing for CF, including American College of Medical Genetics and American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology guidelines and recommendations regarding population screening for CF. Describe symptomatic and mutational differences between patients with classic CF and atypical CF, including monosymptomatic conditions such as congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens, idiopathic pancreatitis, and chronic sinusitis. Explain the concern about predicting the phenotypic expression of the condition from the genotype. Discuss the challenges of CF testing, including the preanalytic, analytic, and postanalytic phases. List the current methods for detecting CF transmembrane conductance regulator gene mutations, specifying the advantages and disadvantages of each. Describe the basic patient information necessary for laboratories to provide accurate risk assessments, such as ethnicity and family history, and reasons for the test being conducted (carrier or affected status).Results.—The technical challenges of detecting the 25 recommended mutations are being met by commercially available reagents. Challenges remain for the preanalytic and postanalytic phases. Only with accurate patient information can laboratories provide specific risk reductions on the basis of a negative genetic test result.Conclusion.—As health care providers become better informed about the recommendations for CF testing and laboratories continue to increase the sensitivities of their assays, patients will benefit from increased screening efficiency and accuracy. This will allow affected individuals to receive prompt and effective treatment and carriers to enjoy an expanded number of reproductive options.
Giant Cell Glioblastoma and Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma Show Different Immunohistochemical Profiles for Neuronal Antigens and p53 but Share Reactivity for Class III β-Tubulin
Authors: Martinez-Diaz Hilda , Kleinschmidt-DeMasters B. K. , Powell Suzanne Z. , Yachnis Anthony T. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context.—Giant cell glioblastoma multiforme (GCGBM) and pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) are clinically, radiographically, and histologically distinct tumors of the central nervous system. However, they share features of gross circumscription, reticulin deposition, lymphocytic infiltrates, and prominent populations of tumor giant cells. Neuronal antigens have been detected in the neoplastic cells of PXAs, but to our knowledge have not been studied previously in GCGBMs. While TP53 is mutated in most GCGBMs, a feature usually paralleled by strong immunostaining of the protein, the expression pattern of PXAs has not been extensively studied.
Objectives.—To compare the immunoprofiles of GCGBM and PXA with regard to neuronal antigens and p53 and to evaluate the potential diagnostic utility of such a panel.
Design.—Archival paraffin sections of 9 GCGBMs and 9 PXAs were immunostained for class III β-tubulin, neuronal nuclear antigen, neurofilament protein, synaptophysin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and p53.
Results.—Giant cell glioblastomas were strongly immunoreactive for class III β-tubulin and glial fibrillary acidic protein, but showed only rare staining for the other neuronal polypeptides. In contrast, PXAs usually showed at least focal staining of individual tumor cells for most of the neuronal antigens tested. Tubulin was strongly positive in tumor giant cells and in smaller neoplastic cells of both tumor types. Double-immunolabeling revealed distinct populations of tumor cells that expressed either glial fibrillary acidic protein or tubulin and dual-labeling of individual cells in GCGBM and PXA. Strong p53 staining was observed in many tumor cells in 5 of 8 GCGBMs tested, while staining for this antigen was negative or focally positive in 6 of 8 PXAs examined.
Conclusions.—Giant cell glioblastoma multiforme and PXA show distinct patterns of immunoreactivity for neuronal antigens and p53 that may be useful diagnostically in difficult cases or in limited samples. These results provide further evidence of neuronal antigen expression by PXA.
Neuroendocrine Tumors (Carcinoid and Neuroendocrine Carcinoma) Presenting at Extra-appendiceal Sites in Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Broaddus Russell R. , Herzog Cynthia E. , Hicks M. John 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective.—Epithelial neuroendocrine neoplasms arising outside the appendix are extremely rare in the pediatric population. We reviewed the clinicopathologic characteristics of 13 carcinoid tumors and neuroendocrine carcinomas presenting at extra-appendiceal sites to better characterize this rare set of neoplasms in childhood.
Design.—The pathology archives of M. D. Anderson Cancer Center and Texas Children's Hospital were searched for cases of carcinoid tumor and neuroendocrine carcinoma arising at extra-appendiceal sites in children. Hematoxylin-eosin–stained sections and, when available, immunohistochemistry, electron photomicrographs and gross photographs were reviewed. The tumors were classified as either carcinoid tumor or neuroendocrine carcinoma based upon histopathologic features. Demographic information was obtained from review of the surgical pathology reports, autopsy reports, and clinical charts.
Patients.—The study population included 8 males and 5 females, ranging in age from 8 to 18 years.
Results.—The majority of the cases were classified as carcinoid tumors (8/13), with the remainder being neuroendocrine carcinomas (5/13). The lung was the initial site of presentation in most children (6/13). The liver was the next most common site (5/13) of tumor presentation with no other primary site identified. Neuroendocrine carcinoma within an inguinal lymph node, with no primary tumor site identified, was present in a single case. The final case was a neuroendocrine carcinoma with widespread involvement of multiple organs with no definitive primary site identified.
Conclusion.—Carcinoid tumors and neuroendocrine carcinomas presenting at extra-appendiceal sites in children primarily involve the lungs or liver. These neuroendocrine neoplasms have the ability to metastasize, regardless of histology at initial diagnosis.
Human Papillomavirus Infection of the Epididymis and Ductus Deferens: An Evaluation by Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Švec Alexandr , Mikyšková Iva , Hes Ondřej , Tachezy Ruth 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context.—Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) play an important role in the etiology of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. The possible role of the male urogenital tract as a reservoir of HPV infection is not fully understood. We inferred from our previous observation of HPV-31 in epididymal tissue in a case of chronic epididymitis that HPV might be commonly present in cases of epididymitis caused by sexually transmitted pathogens.
Objective.—To assess the presence of HPV in the epididymis and ductus deferens in nontuberculous epididymitis.
Design.—Epididymal samples obtained from 17 patients and epididymal and ductus deferens samples from 5 patients surgically treated for nontuberculous epididymitis were analyzed by nested polymerase chain reaction for the presence of HPV DNA. In positive samples, the HPV type was determined by DNA sequencing.
Setting.—Tertiary-care academic hospital and national reference laboratory for papillomaviruses.
Results.—Low-risk HPV type 6 and high-risk HPV types 16, 33, 35, 55, and 73 were detected in 7 patients (31%). Neither koilocytes nor dysplastic changes were found in the epididymis and ductus deferens.
Conclusion.—Low-risk and high-risk HPV types were detected in the epididymis and ductus deferens of patients with nontuberculous epididymitis. The infection was not accompanied by koilocytic atypia or dysplasia. Our findings support the hypothesis that the male urogenital tract serves as a reservoir of HPV infection.