bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Merlin-Deficient Schwann Cells Are More Susceptible to Radiation Injury than Normal Schwann Cells In Vitro
Authors: Cohen Erin , Pena Stefanie , Mei Christine , Bracho Olena , Marples Brian , Elsayyad Nagy , Goncalves Stefania , Ivan Michael , Monje Paula V. , Liu Xue-Zhong , Fernandez-Valle Cristina , Telischi Fred , Dinh Christine T. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectives Vestibular schwannomas (VS) are intracranial tumors, which are caused by NF2 gene mutations that lead to loss of merlin protein. A treatment for VS is stereotactic radiosurgery, a form of radiation. To better understand the radiobiology of VS and radiation toxicity to adjacent structures, our main objectives were (1) investigate effects of single fraction (SF) radiation on viability, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis in normal Schwann cells (SCs) and merlin-deficient Schwann cells (MD-SCs) in vitro, and (2) analyze expression of double strand DNA breaks (γ-H2AX) and DNA repair protein Rad51 following irradiation.
Study Design This is a basic science study.
Setting This study is conducted in a research laboratory.
Participants Patients did not participate in this study.
Main Outcome Measures In irradiated normal SCs and MD-SCs (0–18 Gy), we measured (1) viability, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis using cell-based assays, and (2) percentage of cells with γ-H2AX and Rad51 on immunofluorescence.
Results A high percentage of irradiated MD-SCs expressed γ-H2AX, which may explain the dose-dependent losses in viability in rodent and human cell lines. In comparison, the viabilities of normal SCs were only compromised at higher doses of radiation (>12 Gy, human SCs), which may be related to less Rad51 repair. There were no further reductions in viability in human MD-SCs beyond 9 Gy, suggesting that <9 Gy may be insufficient to initiate maximal tumor control.
Conclusion The MD-SCs are more susceptible to radiation than normal SCs, in part through differential expression of γ-H2AX and Rad51. Understanding the radiobiology of MD-SCs and normal SCs is important for optimizing radiation protocols to maximize tumor control while limiting radiation toxicity in VS patients.
Umbilical Cord Management in Late Preterm and Term Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kilicdag Hasan , Karagun Barbaros Sahin , Antmen Ali Bulent , Candan Erdal , Erbas Hale 
Published: January 2021

Objective The study aimed to compare the effects of three different methods of umbilical cord management on hematological parameters in term and late-preterm infants.
Study Design A randomized controlled trial comparing intact-umbilical cord milking (I-UCM) with cut-umbilical cord milking (C-UCM) and immediate cord clamping (ICC) in neonates born >35 weeks' gestation.
Results A total of 587 infants were evaluated. Of these, 197 were assigned to I-UCM, 190 to C-UCM, and 200 to ICC. Mean hemoglobin and hematocrit levels at 48 hours of age were higher in I-UCM group compared with the ICC group (p = 0.002 and p = 0.010, respectively).
Conclusion These findings suggest that I-UCM is more beneficial choice. Further trials are needed to assess the various long- and short-term effects of different cord milking methods.
Key Points
Changes Adopted in Asian Pediatric Hospitals during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Report from the Pediatric Acute and Critical Care COVID-19 Registry of Asia
Authors: Wong Judith J. M. , Abbas Qalab , Anantasit Nattachai , Shimizu Naoki , Malisie Ririe F. , Dang Hongxing , Xu Feng , Ong Jacqueline S. M. , Lee Pei Chuen , Saito Osamu , Pon Kah Min , Ikeyama Takanari , Jayashree Muralidharan , Samransamruajkit Rujipat , Cheng Yibing , Liauw Felix , Kurosawa Hiroshi , Diaz Audrey A. N. , Gan Chin Seng , Zhang Furong , Lee Jan Hau ,   Pediatric Acute Critical Care Medicine Asian Network
Published: January 2021

AbstractThere is wide variation in the overall clinical impact of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) across countries worldwide. Changes adopted pertaining to the management of pediatric patients, in particular, the provision of respiratory support during the COVID-19 pandemic is poorly described in Asia. We performed a multicenter survey of 20 Asian pediatric hospitals to determine workflow changes adopted during the pandemic. Data from centers of high-income (HIC), upper middle income (UMIC), and lower middle income (LMIC) countries were compared. All 20 sites over nine countries (HIC: Japan [4] and Singapore [2]; UMIC: China [3], Malaysia [3] and Thailand [2]; and LMIC: India [1], Indonesia [2], Pakistan [1], and Philippines [2]) responded to this survey. This survey demonstrated substantial outbreak adaptability. The major differences between the three income categories were that HICs were (1) more able/willing to minimize use of noninvasive ventilation or high-flow nasal cannula therapy in favor of early intubation, and (2) had greater availability of negative-pressure rooms and powered air-purifying respirators. Further research into the best practices for respiratory support are warranted. In particular, innovation on cost-effective measures in infection control and respiratory support in the LMIC setting should be considered in preparation for future waves of COVID-19 infection.
Tenecteplase for Acute Ischemic Stroke Treatment
Authors: Baird Alison E. , Jackson Richard , Jin Weijun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe introduction of thrombolytic therapy in the 1990s has transformed acute ischemic stroke treatment. Thus far, intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) also known as alteplase is the only thrombolytic proven to be efficacious and approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration. But the thrombolytic agent tenecteplase (TNK) is emerging as a potential replacement for rt-PA. TNK has greater fibrin specificity, slower clearance, and higher resistance to plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 than rt-PA. Hence, TNK has the potential to provide superior lysis with fewer hemorrhagic complications. Also, easier bolus-only administration makes TNK a very practical rt-PA alternative. In several clinical trials, TNK has shown similar efficacy and safety to rt-PA, and the potential to be at least noninferior to rt-PA in some settings. TNK may be superior to rt-PA for reperfusing large vessel occlusions in patients with salvageable penumbra, although this has not yet translated to improved clinical outcomes. Further phase 3 studies are in progress comparing rt-PA with TNK for acute ischemic stroke during the first 4.5 hours. Studies are also in progress to evaluate the use of TNK for extended applications, such as wake-up stroke.
Skull Base Meningiomas in Patients with Neurofibromatosis Type 2: An International Multicenter Study Evaluating Stereotactic Radiosurgery
Authors: Ruiz-Garcia Henry , Trifiletti Daniel M. , Mohammed Nasser , Hung Yi-Chieh , Xu Zhiyuan , Chytka Tomas , Liscak Roman , Tripathi Manjul , Arsanious David , Cifarelli Christopher P. , Caceres Marco Perez , Mathieu David , Speckter Herwin , Mehta Gautam U. , Lekovic Gregory P. , Sheehan Jason P. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective Meningiomas are the second most common tumors in neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF-2). Microsurgery is challenging in NF-2 patients presenting with skull base meningiomas due to the intrinsic risks and need for multiple interventions over time. We analyzed treatment outcomes and complications after primary Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) to delineate its role in the management of these tumors.
Methods An international multicenter retrospective study approved by the International Radiosurgery Research Foundation was performed. NF-2 patients with at least one growing and/or symptomatic skull base meningioma and 6-month follow-up after primary GKRS were included. Clinical and radiosurgical parameters were recorded for analysis.
Results In total, 22 NF-2 patients with 54 skull base meningiomas receiving GKRS as primary treatment met inclusion criteria. Median age at GKRS was 38 years (10–79 years). Most lesions were located in the posterior fossa (55.6%). Actuarial progression free survival (PFS) rates were 98.1% at 2 years and 90.0% at 5 and 10 years. The median follow-up time after initial GKRS was 5.0 years (0.6–25.5 years). Tumor volume at GKRS was a predictor of tumor control. Lesions >5.5 cc presented higher chances to progress after radiosurgery (p = 0.043). Three patients (13.64%) developed adverse radiation effects. No malignant transformation or death due to meningioma or radiosurgery was reported.
Conclusions GKRS is effective and safe in the management of skull base meningiomas in NF-2 patients. Tumor volume deserve greater relevance during clinical decision-making regarding the most appropriate time to treat. GKRS offers a minimally invasive approach of particular interest in this specific group of patients.
The suitability of dual language education for diverse students
Authors: Genesee Fred , Lindholm-Leary Kathryn 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Extensive research has evaluated the effectiveness of dual language (DL) programs in Canada and the U.S. The
majority of that research has focused on typically-developing students who represent the majority ethnolinguistic group in the
broader community. This article reviews research on the suitability of DL forms of education for students with diverse backgrounds
and, in particular, students with personal, familial, or ethnolinguistic characteristics that are often associated with
underachievement in school. The review begins by examining research evidence that speaks to young leaners’ capacity for learning
more than one language during early stages of development. It then presents evidence from research that has examined the
effectiveness of DL forms of education for diverse learners. Extant evidence indicates that young learners have the capacity to
learn more than one language without jeopardizing their development and that DL education is suitable and effective for students
with diverse characteristics.
Examining institutional translation through a legal lens
Authors: Prieto Ramos Fernando , Guzmán Diego 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Studies of institutional translation have traditionally focused on European Union (EU) institutions and legislative genres. In order to develop a more comprehensive characterization of translation at international organizations beyond EU supranational law, this study compares a full mapping of multilingual text production at EU institutions to that of two representative intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), the United Nations (UN) and the World Trade Organization (WTO), over three years (2005, 2010, and 2015) in three common official languages (English, French, and Spanish). The corpus-driven quantitative analysis and categorization of all texts from a legal-functional perspective corroborate the interconnection of a wide range of textual genres that perform, support, or derive from central law-making, monitoring, and adjudicative functions, or fulfill other administrative purposes. The findings also highlight interinstitutional variation that reflects the features of each legal order, in particular the prominence of hard law-making at the EU (with a high proportion of drafts and input documents) as opposed to larger translation volumes in monitoring procedures at the UN and the WTO. This mapping is considered instrumental to further analyze legal and other specialized translation practices in international institutional settings, and ultimately to inform translator training and translation quality management.
Multi-channel Potts-based reconstruction for multi-spectral computed tomography
Authors: Kiefer Lukas , Petra Stefania , Storath Martin , Weinmann Andreas 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We consider reconstructing multi-channel images from measurements performed by photon-counting and energy-discriminating detectors in the setting of multi-spectral x-ray computed tomography (CT). Our aim is to exploit the strong structural correlation that is known to exist between the channels of multi-spectral CT images. To that end, we adopt the multi-channel Potts prior to jointly reconstruct all channels. This nonconvex prior produces piecewise constant solutions with strongly correlated channels. In particular, edges are strictly enforced to have the same spatial position across channels which is a benefit over TV-based methods whose channel-couplings are typically less strict. We consider the Potts prior in two frameworks: (a) in the context of a variational Potts model, and (b) in a Potts-superiorization approach that perturbs the iterates of a basic iterative least squares solver. We identify an alternating direction method of multipliers approach as well as a Potts-superiorized conjugate gradient method as particularly suitable. In numerical experiments, we compare the Potts prior based approaches to existing TV-type approaches on realistically simulated multi-spectral CT data and obtain improved reconstruction for compound solid bodies.
Dynamics and chemical mode analysis of plasma thermal-chemical instability
Authors: Zhong Hongtao , Shneider Mikhail N , Mao Xingqian , Ju Yiguang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The stability of the weakly ionized plasma and the transition from a stable homogeneous discharge to unstable filaments play an important role in gas laser physics, plasma-assisted combustion, chemical reforming, and material synthesis. Theoretical stability analysis and thermal-chemical mode analysis were performed to understand the mechanism of plasma thermal-chemical instability by using a zero-dimensional plasma system with both simplified and detailed chemical kinetics of H2/O2/N2 mixtures. The plasma dynamic and kinetic models accounted for multiple physical mechanisms in the chemically-reactive weakly ionized plasma, including ionization, attachment/detachment, recombination, vibrational and electronic energy relaxation, convective and diffusive species/heat removal, Joule heating, and detailed chemical kinetics. An analytical criterion and the explosive mode species/temperature pointers were formulated while the representative active species were identified for different thermal-chemical modes. The results showed that in addition to the classical thermal-ionization mechanism, various chemical modes from chemical heat imbalance and elementary kinetics significantly modified the time dynamics and the stability of the weakly ionized plasma. The present analysis provides insights and guidance to control plasma instability using chemical kinetics.
Structural, morphological, and magnetic study of low temperature synthesized Co0.75Ni0.25Fe1.95Dy0.05O4 nano ferrite
Authors: Chikhale Ravindra N , Kanade S A , Bhatia Pushpinder G 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The nanoparticles of Co0.75Ni0.25Fe2−zDyzO4 (z = 0.0 and 0.05) were prepared by the sol-gel auto-combustion method. The cation distribution was calculated from the Rietveld refinement of the XRD pattern to confirm a mixed inverse spinel structure. The crystallite size was calculated by the Debye–Scherrer method, modified Scherrer method, Williamson Hall plot method, and size-strain plot method for prepared samples. The variation in crystallite size was observed due to the contribution of lattice strain on line peak broadening. From Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum the absorption bands appeared at 574.79 cm−1 and 414.70 cm−1 reveals spinel ferrite structure for Co0.75Ni0.25Fe1.95Dy0.05O4. The particle size from a high-resolution scanning electron microscope (HR-SEM) the image was found to be 46.99 nm for Co0.75Ni0.25Fe1.95Dy0.05O4. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum (EDS) was confirmed the purity of the sample with good stoichiometry. The coercivity, retentivity, and saturation magnetization were estimated at 841.97 Oe, 30.95 emu g−1 and 61.80 emu g−1 respectively for Co0.75Ni0.25Fe1.95Dy0.05O4. The squareness ratio for Co0.75Ni0.25Fe1.95Dy0.05O4 nanoferrite was found to be 0.5 which is the ideal Stoner—Wohlfarth value. The experimental estimated net magnetic moment (

n

B

) per formula was less than the theoretical value calculated from Neel’s two sublattice model for prepared samples.
Probability flow for a free particle: new quantum effects
Authors: Bracken A J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
New quantum probability flow bounds and associated eigenfunctions are determined numerically for a free non-relativistic particle, with momentum lying in the range (p
0, ∞), for each fixed p
0 chosen in the range (−∞ , ∞). It is found that as p
0 increases through positive values, the maximum possible probability backflow from right-to left (R to L), opposite to the direction of all contributing momenta, decreases monotonically from the well-known value ≈0.038452 at p
0 = 0 but never reaches 0. As p
0 decreases through negative values, the maximum R to L flow increases monotonically but never reaches 1. These new quantum effects are compared and contrasted with the corresponding classical behaviour. A surprising new effect is revealed: Even when p
0 is negative, L to R directed momenta contribute to the maximum R to L flow. The size of this contribution is indicated by comparing with the maximum R to L flow possible when only negative momenta with values between p
0 and 0 are allowed. The extended modeling admits a simple interpretation of the classical limit without the introduction of a mechanism external to the system, as an effective value of Planck’s constant approaches zero.
Entanglement evolution of a three-qubit system after interaction with even three-mode nonlinear coherent state
Authors: Anbaraki Azam , Afshar Davood 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, using an entangled three-mode field state, we study the production of entanglement in a three- qubit system. The entangled three-mode field state is defined as superposed three-mode nonlinear coherent state, which is shown to be entangled as an increasing function of the coherency parameter. The interaction between the field state and a system of three separable qubits is considered under Jaynes–Cummings model. Our study reveals that the three-qubit system becomes entangled after the interaction and the entanglement can be tuned by changing the coherency parameter of the initial field state. In addition, we show how population inversion is affected by the interaction.
Violation of Bell inequalities by stochastic simulations of Gaussian States based on their positive Wigner representation
Authors: Lantz Eric , Mabed Mehdi , Devaux Fabrice 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
At first sight, the use of an everywhere positive Wigner function as a probability density to perform stochastic simulations in quantum optics seems equivalent to the introduction of local hidden variables, thus preventing any violation of Bell inequalities. However, because of the difference between symmetrically and normally ordered operators, some trajectories in stochastic simulations can imply negative intensities, despite a positive mean. Hence, Bell inequalities do not apply. Here, we retrieve for a weakly squeezed Gaussian state the maximum violation on polarization states allowed by quantum mechanics, for the Clauser-Horn-Shimony-Holt (CHSH), as well as for the Clauser-Horn Bell inequalities. For the case of the Clauser-Horn Bell inequality, the influence of the quantum efficiency of the detectors is studied, and for both inequalities, the influence of the degree of squeezing is assessed, as well as the uncertainty range versus the number of trajectories used in the simulations.
Fast and slow beam mode ion-acoustic solitons in plasmas with counterstreaming cold protons
Authors: Verheest Frank , Hellberg Manfred A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
It was recently shown (Lakhina et al (2020), Physica Scr.
95, 105601) that in a plasma of hot electrons and two counterstreaming warm proton beams, a slow ion-acoustic solitary mode occurred, where the soliton speeds decreased from the critical acoustic speeds, while the amplitudes increased. This contradicts conventional wisdom that solitons are inherently ‘super-acoustic’, the soliton speeds exceeding the linear acoustic speed, and that amplitudes grow with soliton speed. To elucidate and further elaborate on these findings, a simpler model is considered, in which the ion beam species are cold, neglecting their thermal effects. This retains the essence of the physics, but simplifies the analysis. It permits a full parametric discussion of the existence ranges for such solitons, not only for the critical Mach numbers, but also for the limit amplitudes, by using fluid density restrictions for the ions. If the beam speed exceeds a threshold, two acoustic regimes are found: a fast beam mode with the usual super-acoustic solitons, and a slow beam mode, where solitons are sub-acoustic, at least in the laboratory frame. This confirms the earlier result, but shows that it is primarily a beam effect, rather than an ion thermal effect. The observation can be explained: in the ion beam frame, the solitons are indeed super-acoustic. However, those travelling in the negative direction are swept forwards by the fast beam and hence are observed in the laboratory frame as being sub-acoustic. A similar approach is used for a case of asymmetric proton beams, with unequal ion densities and beam speeds.
Modelling charge carrier transport with anomalous diffusion and heat conduction in amorphous semiconductors using fractional calculus
Authors: Khan Mahnoor , Rasheed Amer , Anwar Muhammad Shoaib , Hussain Zakir , Shahzad Tahir 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
An ordered semiconductor has a crystalline lattice in which charge carriers move around by the Gaussian process of normal diffusion. The mean square displacement (MSD) of these charge carriers is proportional to time. On the contrary, the movement of carriers in a material with a non-crystalline structure such as amorphous semiconductors is considered to be non-Gaussian in nature. In this case, MSD is proportional to some power of time. Diffusion in this type of transport mechanism is classified as anomalous diffusion. The usual drift-diffusion equation (DDE) cannot adequately describe this process because it has non-Gaussian and dispersive transport mechanisms. Fractional calculus has been used to generalize the standard DDE to a time fractional equation in order to include the hereditary effects of the carrier transport. For power devices, the distribution and conduction of heat is the primary criteria considered when making a device. Therefore, an equation for heat conduction is added to the model for inclusion of variable temperature. The coupled system is solved using a Numerical scheme wherein Finite Difference method has been employed to discretize the Riemann - Liouville time derivative of order α and the space variable. The effects of different physical factors such as light intensity, heat and applied electric field are discussed with the help of graphical illustrations.
The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*
Authors: Wang Meng , Huang W.J. , Kondev F.G. , Audi G. , Naimi S. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This is the second part of the new evaluation of atomic masses, AME2020. Using least-squares adjustments to all evaluated and accepted experimental data, described in Part I, we derived tables with numerical values and graphs which supersede those given in AME2016. The first table presents the recommended atomic mass values and their uncertainties. It is followed by a table of the influences of data on primary nuclides, a table of various reaction and decay energies, and finally, a series of graphs of separation and decay energies. The last section of this paper provides all input data references that were used in the AME2020 and the NUBASE2020 evaluations.