bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic Segmentation of Vestibular Schwannoma From MRI Using Two Cascaded Deep Learning Networks
Authors: Häußler Sophia Marie , Betz Christian S. , Della Seta Marta , Eggert Dennis , Schlaefer Alexander , Bhattacharya Debayan 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveAutomatic segmentation and detection of vestibular schwannoma (VS) in MRI by deep learning is an upcoming topic. However, deep learning faces generalization challenges due to tumor variability even though measurements and segmentation of VS are essential for growth monitoring and treatment planning. Therefore, we introduce a novel model combining two Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models for the detection of VS by deep learning aiming to improve performance of automatic segmentation.MethodsDeep learning techniques have been employed for automatic VS tumor segmentation, including 2D, 2.5D, and 3D UNet‐like architectures, which is a specific CNN designed to improve automatic segmentation for medical imaging. Specifically, we introduce a sequential connection where the first UNet's predicted segmentation map is passed to a second complementary network for refinement. Additionally, spatial attention mechanisms are utilized to further guide refinement in the second network.ResultsWe conducted experiments on both public and private datasets containing contrast‐enhanced T1 and high‐resolution T2‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Across the public dataset, we observed consistent improvements in Dice scores for all variants of 2D, 2.5D, and 3D CNN methods, with a notable enhancement of 8.86% for the 2D UNet variant on T1. In our private dataset, a 3.75% improvement was reported for 2D T1. Moreover, we found that T1 images generally outperformed T2 in VS segmentation.ConclusionWe demonstrate that sequential connection of UNets combined with spatial attention mechanisms enhances VS segmentation performance across state‐of‐the‐art 2D, 2.5D, and 3D deep learning methods.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 2025
Self‐Healing Biobased Thermoreversible Polymer Networks by Photo‐Diels‐Alder Chemistry
Authors: Alrefai Masa , Maric Milan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPoly(furfuryl methacrylate) (poly(FMA)) homopolymers with controlled molecular weights made via ICAR ATRP undergo photo‐crosslinking (λ = 254 nm) with 1,1′‐(methylenedi‐4,1‐phenylene)bismaleimide (BM) by Diels‐Alder (DA) chemistry, and are compared to the same DA reaction under non‐UV initiated, ambient conditions (RT‐DA). FTIR and DSC analysis confirm DA adduct formation and the retro‐DA reaction. Co‐ and terpolymers of FMA with C13MA (alkyl methacrylate with average side length = 13) and isobornyl methacrylate (IBOMA) are prepared to enhance mechanical properties. Poly(C13MA‐co‐FMA) samples are used to study curing condition effects and BM loading on crosslinking density and thermal behavior. Varying BM loading (0.05–0.2 BM: FMA) in samples cured by photo‐DA and RT‐DA, UV cured samples showing higher gel content (50% versus 25% for 0.2 BM loading) and two endothermic peaks in the first heating run, unlike RT cured samples which display a single peak. Subsequently, poly(C13MA‐co‐IBOMA‐co‐FMA) are crosslinked with BM via photo‐DA with resulting networks indicating self‐healing/recyclability. FTIR and DSC results confirm DA and retro‐DA reactions, while scratched samples of crosslinked terpolymers exhibit self‐healing upon heating. Microscopic images show complete scratch healing in just 20 min due to furan‐maleimide adduct formation, facilitated by the presence of flexible low Tg poly (C13MA) segments and rigid poly (IBOMA) repeating units.
5G Remote Robot‐Assisted Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery: A Report of Five Cases and a Literature Review
Authors: Fan Yuxin , Ma Chao , Wu Xinyu , Cai Tianyong , Liang Xiao , Li Zheyong , Cai Xiujun 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study aimed to explore the feasibility and safety of using 5G communication technology for domestic surgical robots to perform ultra‐remote hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of five cases of ultra‐remote domestic robot‐assisted laparoscopic hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery completed at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (referred to as Hangzhou, Zhejiang) and Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Alaer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (referred to as Alaer city, Xinjiang) from February to September 2023. The main system of the operating desk at Hangzhou, Zhejiang, uses 5G network signal transmission to remotely control the bedside operating system at Alaer City, Xinjiang. The physical distance between the two locations is 4670.2 km, and the network communication distance is 5031.2 km. The operators and assistants are immobilised.ResultsThe operations were successful. The number of network image frames was 50, the median delay was 73 (70.25–126.1) ms, and the median operation time was 39 (31–128) min. The median intraoperative blood loss was 2 (2–30) mL. No occurrence of network disruption or data packet loss was observed. One case of instrument adverse event occurred, and the patient returned to normal after replacement. The median times taken to get out of bed, ventilation, and hospitalisation were 19 (15–46) h, 2 (2–4) d, and 3 (3–13) d, respectively. According to the Clavien–Dindo classification, the postoperative complications in one patient were Grade I; no other surgical complications were observed. No abnormalities were observed in the patients after a 30‐day re‐examination. All patients successfully recovered after a 2‐month follow‐up.ConclusionsIt is safe and feasible for domestic robots to perform 5G remote robot‐assisted hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery.
Integrated Design and Prototyping of a Robotic Head for Ocular and Craniofacial Trauma Simulators
Authors: Gallerani Marcello , Pitzalis Roberto F. , Novi Gianluca De , Ottensmeyer Mark P. , Berselli Giovanni 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundMedical simulation is relevant for training medical personnel in the delivery of medical and trauma care, with benefits including quantitative evaluation and increased patient safety through reduced need to train on patients.MethodsThis paper presents a prototype medical simulator focusing on ocular and craniofacial trauma (OCF), for training in management of facial and upper airway injuries. It consists of a physical, electromechanical representation of head and neck structures, including the mandible, maxillary region, neck, orbit and peri‐orbital regions to replicate different craniofacial traumas. Actuation and hydraulic systems are designed to control animatronic features and flow of simulated blood, tears, and cerebrospinal fluid.ResultsExperimentally validated, the OCF simulator achieves structural and functional characteristics as close as possible to those of a human body.ConclusionsThe OCF Simulator can be used as a stand‐alone active simulator, it can be transported and used to train surgeons in simulated real‐life scenarios.Clinical Trial RegistrationThe authors declare that this statement is not applicable since no clinical tests have been performed.
How Do Path Dependencies in Family Farming Affect Behavioural Intentions to Adopt Sustainable Practices? Exploring the Potential of Developing Carbon Farming by Smallholders in Serbia
Authors: Borychowski Michał , Czyżewski Bazyli , Sapa Agnieszka , Kryszak Łukasz 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCarbon farming (CF) is an approach to agricultural production that aims to increase soil organic carbon. The main objective of this article was to investigate the intentions of Serbian farmers to implement CF practices based on an extended model of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). The research sample consisted of cereal farmers from northern Serbia. The analysis was conducted using structural equation modelling and simultaneous confirmatory factor analysis. The novelty of the study lies in revealing the role of embeddedness in a family farm context, reinforced by specific morality, both of which play a significant role in shaping farmers' intentions. However, the effect of such path dependencies was ambiguous. Path dependencies had a positive effect on subjective norms, which in turn had an indirect positive effect on intentions. However, in relation to perceived behavioural control, path dependencies had a negative effect on intentions to adopt CF. The paradox that the more experienced and confident farmers were less likely to adopt sustainable practices was explained by an overconfidence bias, which is a useful observation for policy makers in terms of developing extension services. A second important finding is the confirmation of the key role of morality and the identification of motives related to land succession, which will be also useful for agricultural policy.
Glutathione‐Driven Disassembly of Planar Organic Phototherapeutic Agents to Enhance Photodynamic‐Photothermal Therapy Performance for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Fang Laiping , Dai Jianan , Wang Xuan , Tu Yike , Li Shufang , He Kuo , Guo Wenna , Hang Lifeng , Wang Jizhuang , Diao Yanzhao , Li Wenjing , Guo Wei , Chen Ziying , Wang Jin , Li Shumei , Ma Ping'an , Jiang Guihua 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe self‐assembly of hydrophobic organic phototherapeutic agents (OPTAs) with expansive planar structures into nanoparticles (NPs) represents a pivotal strategy to bolster their biocompatibility. However, the tight molecular packing within these NPs significantly influences the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE), posing a substantial hurdle to elevating the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) for such NPs. In this article, three OPTAs by donor engineering are synthesized. Notably, 4,8‐Bis (5‐phenylthiophen‐2‐yl)‐6‐(2‐ethylhexyl)–[1,2,5] thiadiazole [3,4‐F] benzotriazole (BTBT), which incorporates a benzene ring as the donor, exhibits the highest ROS generation and optimal photothermal conversion capability. To further augment the overall phototheranostic potential of BTBT NPs, a glutathione (GSH)‐driven disassembly strategy is employed. This strategy not only alleviates the aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) effect on ROS but also facilitates enhanced free molecular rotation. As a result, the ROS production sees a tenfold increase, and the photothermal conversion temperature rises by 8.3 °C, achieving a PCE of 77.03%. In summary, a versatile disassembly strategy is proposed that concurrently enhances the performance of both PDT and PTT in planar OPTAs, while also advancing the state‐of‐the‐art in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treatment.
A Skill Matrix Chart Case Study in Global Manufacturing
Authors: Hadiyanto Hendy , Anggoro Yudo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis research investigates the application of a skill matrix within a multinational manufacturing company, aiming to determine its effectiveness in identifying and addressing talent gaps. This study uses a combination of qualitative interviews and quantitative methodologies, including soft systems methodology to explore how the skill matrix can optimize talent management and development. The findings reveal that the skill matrix significantly enhances the identification of skill shortages and promotes systematic employee development by integrating both hard and soft skill assessments into organizational practices. Significantly, the matrix aligns individual employee growth with broader strategic objectives, thereby improving operational effectiveness and resilience to personnel changes. This research underscores the critical role of a structured skill matrix in fostering an adaptable and skilled workforce, suggesting substantial implications for enhancing organizational performance and strategic human resource management in dynamic business environments.
Critical procedural steps in intrauterine transfusion: Delphi survey of international experts
Authors: Moise E. , Moise K. J. , Nwokocha M. , Lowry K. , Hutson E. , de Winter D. P. ,   on behalf of the Delphi IUT Study Group
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine consensus, using Delphi methodology, on the critical procedural steps for intravascular intrauterine transfusion (IUT) for the treatment of fetal anemia.MethodsWe conducted a two‐part Delphi survey of international experts in fetal intervention. The first round of the survey proposed 32 potentially critical steps for the IUT procedure. Participants were asked to rate all steps on a Likert scale ranging from 1 (not important) to 5 (absolutely essential). We calculated the mean Likert score and 95% CI for all steps. Procedural steps were determined to be critical if the lower bound of the 95% CI was ≥ 3.0 and were excluded if the upper bound of the 95% CI was ≤ 3.5. In the second round of the survey, participants were asked specific questions regarding parameters associated with the procedural steps determined to be critical in the first round.ResultsOverall, 49 individuals from 24 different countries (six continents) participated in both rounds of the Delphi survey. The median length of experience in fetal medicine was 21 (range, 4–38) years. The median number of IUT procedures performed annually per respondent was 20 (range, 2–80). Of the 32 proposed procedural steps, 20 were determined to be critical and 12 non‐critical procedural steps were excluded. Respondents indicated that an individual should perform a median of 20 (range, 10–50) IUT procedures during training to attain competency, and that the median number of IUT procedures required annually to maintain competency was 10 (range, 5–20). There was marked variation between respondents in how they performed the following critical IUT procedural steps: preparation of donor blood, preoperative medication, maternal anesthesia, site chosen for cordocentesis, use of fetal paralysis, method for determining fetal hematocrit, postoperative care and decision to schedule a subsequent IUT.ConclusionsThe findings of this international Delphi survey can be used to standardize the approach to performing IUT. An experienced fetal interventionist should perform the procedure, and in centers in which IUT is performed infrequently, referral to a more experienced center should be considered. Calculating the specific volume of blood to transfuse at the start of the procedure and undertaking continuous fetal heart‐rate monitoring once the gestational‐age threshold for viability is reached were ranked highest in the intra‐ and postoperative phases of the procedure, respectively. © 2024 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Introduction
Authors: Surma Tim , Vanhees Claudio , Wils Michiel , Nijlunsing Jasper , Crato Nuno , Hattie John , Muijs Daniel , Rata Elizabeth , Wiliam Dylan , Kirschner Paul A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractNearly all teachers and other stakeholders in education pursue a common aim: We want the students whom we teach and guide during their formative years to think deeply about what we teach them. We want them to be able to go beyond their current experiences and have a deep understanding of the world. We want to enable them to thrive and find their path through life, long after their formal education ceases. We want them to be able to think critically, work together, solve problems, read for understanding, and perform many other complex tasks.
Knowledge and the Curriculum
Authors: Surma Tim , Vanhees Claudio , Wils Michiel , Nijlunsing Jasper , Crato Nuno , Hattie John , Muijs Daniel , Rata Elizabeth , Wiliam Dylan , Kirschner Paul A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe curriculum is a complex concept central to educational debates. Over the years, the role of knowledge in the curriculum has, like a pendulum, shifted between two extremes, from highly visible to virtually invisible knowledge elements. In this chapter, we consider the lessons learned from both extremes, proposing a knowledge-rich curriculum as the soundest way forward to both effectively acquire knowledge and complex cognitive skills in school, but also as a crucial lever to achieve equitable opportunities for all students. In understanding how a knowledge-rich curriculum can enhance learning, three overarching principles are discussed: (1) content-richness, (2) coherence, and (3) clarity. These principles are illustrated through practical examples from schools and educators who have effectively implemented knowledge-rich curricula, and combined with insights from relevant research on curriculum studies.
Translating Epistemic Norms into Social Hierarchy: The Social and Emotional Repercussions of a Theological Controversy
Authors: Hurvitz Nimrod 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study examines the contested underlying assumptions of premodern Islamic theology and their social and emotional repercussions. On one side of this controversy were the speculative theologians or mutakallimūn, who asserted that knowledge about the world that is attained through the senses should be part of doing the science of theology because it reveals aspects of God. They also contended that it is possible to attain insights regarding God through speculation based on human rational faculties. Their ideological opponents were the Traditionalistsmuḥaddithūn or muḥaddithūn, who insisted on a separation between natural scientific knowledge and theology. The Traditionalists argued that human rational faculties, being imperfect, are inadequate for theological investigation; Muslim theological doctrine must derive solely from clear statements that appear in the holy texts. Drawing upon their contrasting views regarding theology, the two currents envisioned very different socio-religious hierarchies. Furthermore, they developed a strong enmity towards each other. When these three factors—contrasting perceptions of theology, conflicting socio-religious hierarchies, and mutual contempt—are taken into consideration, it is possible to better understand the tension and violence that erupted between them throughout the premodern period.
Final Thoughts: Entrepreneurship Challenges in a Demanding Political and Economic Ecosystem
Authors: Milow Uta 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSmall and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) face significant challenges in the modern business environment, including competitive pressures, stakeholder demands for sustainability, and global economic uncertainties. These challenges are compounded by geopolitical tensions, inflationary pressures, and rising costs. Some of these challenges and their possible solutions were described an evaluated in this book. To thrive, SMEs must embrace innovation, adapt to shifting consumer values, and leverage supportive measures, while taking sustainability requirements and opportunities into account. The complexity of these demands underscores the need for ongoing exploration of solutions in upcoming book publications.
Core Values of Sustainable Innovation in Indonesian SMEs
Authors: Singgih Giorgio Gatica , Famiola Melia 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn response to growing environmental concerns and global sustainability goals, businesses are increasingly adopting more sustainable practices, a move strongly supported by stakeholders worldwide. However, for companies in Indonesia, a developing country, balancing the need to consider environmental impacts with pursuing profits poses a challenge. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are vital to Indonesia’s economy and play a crucial role in this context. To address this challenge, this paper aims to examine the sustainability values and practices of certified B Corps SMEs in Indonesia, using secondary data from B Corp. Through thematic analysis, a better understanding of the environmental, social, and governance characteristics of Indonesian SMEs’ practices can be gained.This research provides a comprehensive understanding of sustainability innovation within SMEs. It also offers valuable insights for stakeholders and policymakers seeking to enhance environmental and social impacts in the Small and Medium Enterprises sector, particularly for their practices in Indonesia.
Innovative Marketing Strategy for Green Products in Search of Better Customer Acquisition
Authors: Dellyana Dina , Aldianto Leo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this chapter, we examine the critical role that sustainability plays in modern marketing strategies, driven by consumer awareness and regulatory requirements. The study examines how businesses are integrating eco-friendly practices to enhance their brand reputations and ensure long-term viability, including reducing carbon emissions. Companies that use green marketing improve their market position by strengthening their relationships with environmentally sensitive consumers and adhering to rules. In order to build consumer loyalty and trust, the research also highlights the significance of environmental stewardship, social responsibility, and transparency in marketing.
According to the findings, successful green marketing techniques have a big influence on consumer behaviour, which boosts advocacy and brand loyalty. It is advised that sustainability initiatives be regularly highlighted through transparent and lucid communication through a variety of channels, that consumers be educated about the environmental advantages of eco-friendly products, and that interactive experiences that fully immerse customers in the brand’s sustainable objectives be developed. The chapter also recommends that companies concentrate on long-term involvement by offering post-purchase assistance and fostering a community around common interest.
Separation of infrared and bulk in thermal QCD
Authors:   The χQCD collaboration and the CLQCD collaboration, Meng Xiao-Lan , Sun Peng , Alexandru Andrei , Horváth Ivan , Liu Keh-Fei , Wang Gen , Yang Yi-Bo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A new thermal regime of QCD, featuring decoupled scale-invariant infrared glue, has been proposed to exist both in pure-glue (Nf=0) and “real-world” (Nf=2+1 at physical quark masses) QCD. In this IR phase, elementary degrees of freedom flood the infrared, forming a distinct component independent from the bulk. This behavior necessitates non-analyticities in the theory. In pure-glue QCD, such non-analyticities have been shown to arise via Anderson-like mobility edges in Dirac spectra (λIR = 0, ±λA ≠ 0), as manifested in the dimension function dIR(λ). Here, we present the first evidence, based on lattice QCD calculation at a=0.105 fm, that this mechanism is also at work in real-world QCD, thus supporting the existence of the proposed IR regime in nature. An important aspect of our results is that, while at T = 234 MeV we find a dimensional jump between zero modes and lowest near-zero modes very close to unity (dIR = 3 to dIR ≃ 2), similar to the IR phase of pure-glue QCD, at T = 187 MeV we observe a continuous λ-dependence. This suggests that thermal states just above the chiral crossover are non-analytically (in T) connected to thermal state at T = 234 MeV, supporting the key original proposition that the transition into the IR regime occurs at a temperature strictly above the chiral crossover.
Elliptic virtual structure constants and generalizations of BCOV-Zinger formula to projective Fano hypersurfaces
Authors: Jinzenji Masao , Kuwata Ken 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a method for computing genus 1 Gromov-Witten invariants of Calabi-Yau and Fano projective hypersurfaces using the B-model. Our formalism is applicable to both Calabi-Yau and Fano cases. In the Calabi-Yau case, significant cancellation of terms within our formalism occurs, resulting in an alternative representation of the BCOV-Zinger formula for projective Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces.
The heat kernel in Riemann normal coordinates and multiloop Feynman graphs in curved spacetime
Authors: Carneiro Igor , von Gersdorff Gero 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We present a formalism for computing arbitrary scalar multi-loop Feynman graphs in curved spacetime using the heat kernel approach. To this end, we compute the off-diagonal components of the heat kernel in Riemann normal coordinates up to second order in the curvature.