bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the distribution model and mode of transportation of PT X
Authors: Sembiring Meilita Tryana , Nasution Andri , Alda Tania , Chailes Steven 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Logistics contribute to cost efficiency accompanied by increased productivity and profits along with improvements in service to consumers or customers. Transportation issues are related to how companies reduce logistics costs by building efficient transportation networks. So far, the company PT.X has been sending products to all consumers using the Direct Shipment with Milk Runs distribution model with the truck transportation mode. The highest transportation costs at PT. X reached 19% and the average percentage of costs was 14% of the company’s net income (total Revenue). It appears that the cost of distribution of PT.X products has been Out of Control due to reaching more than 10% of the company’s net income. A percentage of this amount is included in the Major Opportunity for Savings or an opportunity for improvement. In this study a solution is proposed in the form of the best type of delivery and the mode of transportation that is suitable for the type of delivery. The right type of shipping at the company is Direct Shipment Milk Runs which has two alternative transportation. From the latest delivery route arrangement, transportation costs drop to 8% of total revenue when using truck and 4% of total revenue when using motorized rickshaw.
Development of electric bicycle and its impact on the environment
Authors: Ramadhan Ali , Dinata Rizky 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
An electric bicycle is a tool that is produced from a combination of a bicycle as a means of transportation which is added with an electric component as its driving force. It is known that bicycles can still be used even without electrical components. However, with the presence of an electrical component, the human power that is expended can be minimized. The current environment has undergone various changes. This is intended because of changes that occur because of humans. By using a qualitative descriptive method, this study is expected to provide knowledge about the impact on the environment from using an electric bicycle. And the result is that currently, the diversity of electric bicycles does not only provide the development of the bicycle itself.
Redesigning production floor layout with process layout and product layout approach in an electronic appliance manufacturing company
Authors: Tarigan U , Ishak A , Tarigan U P P , Rizkya I , Mangoloi B , William  
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The system of material handling is less systematic becomes a big problem and disrupts the smoothness of the production process that affects the system as a whole. Problems that occur in the company is a workstation that is too dense so that the trajectory of material handling (forklift) becomes narrow, in addition, there are also work stations that are located too far, causing empty space in the production floor area. This long-distance resulted in a great displacement moment that affected the amount of material handling cost. Therefore, it’s important to redesigning the facility layout to reduce material handling cost at the company. The goal of this research is to get an optimal design of facilities layout that provides minimal displacement moment by comparing the initial layout with the proposed layout with Process Layout and Product Layout approach. Process Layout is designed using graph theory while the product layout is designed using the method of Systematic Layout Planning. After that, the layout of the production floor with the product layout approach improves material handling efficiency with the displacement moment of the proposed production floor layout is 36.160 meters per year or 19.4% lower than the actual layout.
FMEA tool to analysis of blow molding machine damage
Authors: Rizkya I , Sari RM , Erwin  
Published: May 2021

AbstractMachine performance in industry has a vital role in the production floor. The machine operates smoothly will support the achievement of production targets. One sector produces packaging products made based on plastic experiencing a failure production process due to the frequent stopping of the Blow Molding Machine. Fishbone diagram and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) is used to find information about the factors cause the Blow Molding Machine to stop. Fishbone diagram is used to determine the factors cause the failure of the Blow Molding Machine in running the production process. FMEA is used to identify the factors causing loss and determine the priority level of risk based on the RPN value. The mold damage factor has the highest RPN value. Mold failure is most significant cause of Blow Molding Machine stops operating. The mold is damaged when stored in the spare part warehouse due to crushed by a material made of metal. Mold is stored in an unsuitable location. Analysis using a fishbone diagram to determine the root of the problem handled.
Application of petai peel as an iron corrosion inhibitor in sodium chloride medium
Authors: Tambun R , Sidabutar D H , Alexander V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Tannin as an organic inhibitor has been proven capable as a metal inhibitor in acidic media. The purpose of this study is to test the tannin ability of the Petai peel to inhibit the iron plate in the sodium chloride solution. The inhibitory ability of tannins derived from the Petai peel will be assessed in the form of powders, concentrated extracts, and pure tannins. Corrosion rate and efficiency of inhibition as tested parameters will be calculated by doing some variations on the immersion time and inhibitor concentration. Based on the results obtained, Petai peel powder, Petai peel concentrated extracts, and tannins from Petai peels can reduce the rate of iron corrosion in sodium chloride solution, but the best inhibitors of these three forms are in the form of tannins, which can reach the lowest corrosion rate of 0.9770 mpy and inhibition efficiency up to 92.86%. The lowest corrosion rate and highest efficiency are obtained by adding tannin as much as 3 g and immersion duration for 3 days.
Performance comparison of maceration method, soxhletation method, and microwave-assisted extraction in extracting active compounds from soursop leaves (Annona muricata): A review
Authors: Tambun R , Alexander V , Ginting Y 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSoursop (Annona muricata) is a plant that is widely available in Indonesia. Of all parts of the soursop plant, the leaves are the most interesting parts to be studied. Soursop leaves are the most interesting part to be investigated because soursop leaves have many benefits and benefits that have been applied in the health sector, both traditional and modern. This is because soursop leaves contain many active compounds such as alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, acetogenins, and others. The purpose of this review is to compare the best methods commonly used to extract active compounds from soursop leaves. The methods studied were maceration, soxhletation and microwave assisted extraction (MAE). The mechanism of the extraction processes and the percentage of yield achieved from the three methods are also reviewed. The results of the review show that MAE is the method that produces the highest yield of the three methods with a yield of 33.98%. This method also has another advantage that is a shorter extraction time.
A comparative study of effect of heater orientation on flow and heat transfer characteristics in buoyancy driven flow in cryogenic liquid
Authors: Ade S S , Rathore S K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The present study aims to analyse the buoyancy driven fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics using different heater orientation in liquid nitrogen for cooling superconductor. For this purpose, a localized circular heater (analogous to superconductor) generating heat at constant rate submerged in liquid nitrogen enclosure is analysed. The study is performed with two orientations of heater; one is vertical and another is horizontal. The entropy generation associated with heat transfer and fluid flow is also discussed in the present study. The Rayleigh number, average Nusselt number, maximum vertical velocity, entropy generation and Bejan number are used as comparing parameters for two orientations of heater. Under same heat generation rate, Rayleigh number is comparatively higher for vertically oriented heater whereas average Nusselt number is comparatively higher for horizontally oriented heater. The maximum vertical velocity of fluid is higher when heater is vertically oriented. The horizontally oriented heater has comparatively less value of thermal entropy generation than vertically oriented heater but horizontally oriented heater has higher value of fluid friction irreversibility. In summary, horizontally oriented heater has comparatively higher value of total entropy generation than vertically oriented heater. Bejan number is higher for horizontally oriented heater. In overall study, the value of Bejan number is less than 0.5; therefore, it can be said that fluid friction irreversibility is more dominated than heat transfer irreversibility.
Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Using Sequential Process Intensification Technique (Ultrasound and Microwave)
Authors: Gupta Himanshi , Thakkar Kartikkumar , Kachhwaha S.S. , Kodgire Pravin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The use of biodiesel as a renewable fuel has increasingly become more attractive due to its environmental advantages such as non-toxicity and biodegradability. While biodiesel has the capability to mitigate the energy crisis, its production is hindered by the availability of feedstock. The general drawbacks of the transesterification-based synthesis include high energy consumption, high operating cost, high separation times, and low production efficiency. The present study demonstrates an innovative and industrially viable biodiesel production process from waste cooking oil (WCO) as feedstock and KOH as a catalyst using sequential ultrasound (22kHz + 35kHz) and microwave (0 – 1000W) reactor. The sequential approach of ultrasound and microwave removes the barrier of mass transfer (high-velocity liquid jets and turbulence induced by ultrasound) and enhances the heat transfer (rapid dipolar moment induced by microwave) by their synergism while significantly improving the reaction efficiency and overall economics of the process. The reaction conditions that can attain a maximum yield of 96.9% were methanol/oil molar ratio, 7:1, catalyst concentration, 0.9 wt%, and reaction temperature, 62°C in 5 minutes of reaction time for a sample size of 4500 mL.
Experimental Investigation of Three Bladed Inclined Savonius Hydrokinetic Turbine by using Deflector Plate
Authors: Jeeva B , Sandeep S Jai , Ramsundram N , Prasanth M , Praveen B 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses the development of experimental test rig for an inclined Savonius hydrokinetic turbine with improvement in coefficient of power by using deflector plates. The hydrokinetic turbine was designed for different water flow velocities ranging from 1.37 m/s to 2.28 m/s in an open channel with an area of 0.0891 m
2. The hydrokinetic turbine with tip speed ratio (λ) = 0.8, aspect ratio (AR) = 0.72 was designed with 222 rpm as the maximum speed. To capture maximum energy from the water, the deflector plate was used to increase the velocity at the advancing side of the blade. The experiment was conducted with a deflector plate and without deflector plate conditions. The extreme coefficient of power obtained was 0.24 for a returning blade angle of 60° with deflector as compared to returning blade angle of 21° and 107°. The coefficient of power without deflector and an inclined shaft was obtained as 0.11. The experiment was performed with deflector plates with various configurations, and the torque was measured for different flow velocities.
Heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics within non-circular duct
Authors: Mahato S K , Rana S C , Barman R N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Heat transfer and the characteristics of a fluid flow of water flows in the twisted square duct are studied numerically using commercially available software. Numerical investigations of fully-developed laminar fluid flow within duct was performed for water with constant wall temperature boundary conditions, twist ratios of 16.5, 11.5, and 7.5, Reynolds number 100-6000, Prandtl numbers 8 and 10. The numerical results of friction factor and Nusselt number found in this present study were compared with the results obtained from the correlations for the same working fluid such as water. Nusselt number in the twisted square duct is higher than the result found by correlation together with a lower friction factor. Percentage increase in average Nusselt number found for twist ratios 16.5, 11.5, and 7.5 compared to the theoretical values was 25.56, 33.21, and 37.73 The heat transfer coefficients of the square twisted duct are increased with a lower twist ratio and higher Prandtl number.
Investigations of heat source models in transient thermal simulation of pulsed MIG welding of AA6061-T6 thin sheet
Authors: Doshi Sachindra , Jani D B , Gohil A V , Patel C M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The automobile and aviation industries are exhaustively working on weight reduction by replacing steel with aluminium alloy. However, joining the aluminium alloy body panel is remain a big challenge because of the inherent properties of aluminium. The dynamic behaviour of arc plasma in the pulsed MIG welding process is a multifaceted heat mass transfer phenomenon involving chemical, electro-magnetic, and fluid dynamics. Numerical simulation using FEA techniques are greatly helpful in understanding responses of weld bead and material behaviour. Simultaneously it reduces time and cost consuming experimental trial and error approach. The approximation of the welding arc heat source is paramount for precise prediction in the welding process simulation model. The article focuses on the comparison, suitability and effects of various moving heat source models by developing the transient thermal simulation of pulsed MIG welding of 1mm thick AA6061-T6 sheet in ANSYS workbench. Moving heat source models were developed as ANSYS APDL command subroutine. It is observed that for 1mm thin sheets Gaussian surface heat source model is also valid. The difference in temperature field is not prominent in comparison with Goldak’s double ellipsoidal heat source model.
Measurement of thermal diffusivity for food products under natural convection cooling
Authors: Reyaz Arif Md. , Farhan Zahid , Azhar Md. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the present communication, experimental analysis has been done for evaluation of relationship between the thermal diffusivity with temperature of Potato and Brinjal (a spherical shaped food products) subjected to a natural convection. Free convection is a type of flow of motion of fluid which is not generated by an external source but by some parts of the fluid being heavier than other parts. The analysis simulates the one-dimensional Fourier equation experimentally, applicable to the regular shapes of the product (cylindrical and spherical shaped products). The experimental setup consists of a deep freezer maintained at 263 K and 1.013 bar pressure. Variation of product temperature inside the product has been measured along the radial direction of the shape.
Next generation air conditioner for sustainable cooling solutions
Authors: Patel Saurabh , Patel Jatin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Generally in summer, air conditioning systems are essential for improving the human comfort and productivity. The mechanical vapor compression system (VCS) is probably the most used system. However, the refrigerant used in VCS is harmful to the environment and the initial cost is high. So, the aim of this study is to introduce a sustainable, energy-efficient and climate-friendly air conditioning system in which there is no refrigerant. The proposed system is the integration of two modules i.e., Direct evaporative cooling (DEC) module and vacuum-assisted isothermal membrane-based air dehumidification (VIMAD) module, where the DEC module will cool and humidify the entering air stream and then this cool and humidified air will enter into the VIMAD module and the air will get dehumidified. Finally, the output will be cool and dehumidified air at the exit of the system. In this paper, the proposed system is explained. Moreover, the basic principle of the DEC, the background of DEC and the basic principle of the VIMAD system, background on the types of membrane materials that can be used in VIMAD are explained. Also, the effects of various parameters on the performance of the DEC and VIMAD are presented.
Numerical study on turbulent characteristics of wall jet in a quiescent environment over a plate in motion
Authors: Behera V M , Rathore S K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The present article reports the numerical analysis of a two dimensional turbulent wall jet flow over a horizontal moving plate in a quiescent environment. The simulation is done using the low-Reynolds number turbulence model proposed by Yang and Shih [21]. The turbulent characteristics are observed for various velocity ratio of plate with respect to jet (Up
) from keeping Reynolds number at jet inlet to be constant at 15000. The Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) equations are discretized using the finite volume method and solved in steady state condition. The pressure correction technique applied to couple the velocity and pressure terms is SIMPLEC (semi-implicit pressure linked equation-consistent). The variation of jet half-width and the decaying local maximum velocity (Umax
) for the bottom plate moving with high velocity (Up
> 1) shows dominancy of plate motion over the jet stream in the flow field. The velocity contour diagram shows the velocity distribution in the flow field. The Reynolds stresses induced in the wall proximate regions are directly proportional to the relative motion of the flow field but the magnitude of Reynolds stress away from wall decreases by increasing the plate velocity. The plate motion significantly affects the turbulence characteristics and the flow field in the viscous laminar zone of the wall region.
Performance enhancement of modified double slope passive solar still using different water-based nanofluids
Authors: Patel Suresh Kr. , Singh Vinay Kr. , Singh Mahindra , Singh Deepak , Singh Dhananjay 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The aim this study is to analyze the performance of a modified double slope passive solar still (MDSPSS) with and without using water-based nanofluids along with harvesting solar energy. For this, three types of water-based nanofluids used as Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3), Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and Copper Oxide (CuO) at different concentrations. This might be an alternative energy source for the existing conventional type of desalination. Consequently, analyzed physical and finalized the suitable water nanofluid for further experimental work. This paper describes a unit which is designed on simple principles of evaporation and condensation with no electricity being used. Thus we harness the heat radiated by the sun to accomplish the evaporation process. After that the condensation process will be start with natural temperature difference between heated and non-heated segment. This modified system with nano-fluid-based as a heat source has made to observed that the effect of different operating modes at climate conditions (month of March 2019) of Lucknow city, India. After experimental result comparison, found that the Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) nanofluid has 36.55% higher productivity and through Copper oxide (CuO) and Zinc Oxide (ZnO), water nanofluid has 15.26% and 21.75% higher production rate respectively concerning still water. The payback period is also calculated for this modified system with nanofluids as 121 days, which is less than that of the unit with normal water.
Recovery of chromium using membrane containing charged material
Authors: Mahajan-Tatpate Pallavi , Dhume Supriya , Chendake Yogesh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is one of the important materials of metal family with large applications in formation of ferrous alloys viz., steel. Due to its excellent chemical, mechanical and thermal properties it is largely used in mineral, leather tanning, dye, steel, and other alloy industries. Effluents of these industries containing traces of Cr are polluting water bodies and soil in surrounding. It would result in entering in food chain, where it has highly adverse effect on humans, animals, and environment. Hence its recovery from effluent and other streams is highly essential before disposal and exposure to surrounding. The polysulfone (PSF) based membranes were optimized using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as porogen, while ZnO as an additive either treated with or without acid for removal of Cr from water. A reduction in molecular weight of PEG resulted in decrease in water flux indicates reduction in pore size. Further incorporation of ZnO increases the Cr removal. The Cr removal increases further with incorporation of acid treated ZnO. Additionally, HCl treated ZnO showed higher rejection properties, while the effect is not that prominent in HNO3 treated ZnO. This shows the importance of optimization of membrane surface charge for heavy metal removal.
Influence of heat treatment on the tensile properties and fatigue properties of Mg-8.8Gd-3.5Y-1.5Zn-0.5Zr alloy
Authors: Cui Ya , Shi Yusha , Zheng Jie , Yan Zhaoming , Zhang Jishi , Zhang Zhimin , Wang Qiang , Xue Yong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The microstructure, tensile properties and fatigue properties of Mg- 8.8Gd- 3.5Y- 1.5Zn- 0.5Zr alloy under T4 and T6 heat treatment have been studied. The as-cast alloy was homogenized to eliminate the inhomogeneous structure and the strength of the alloy was increased by aging treatment. The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the alloy were investigated by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer and universal mechanical testing machine. The as-cast alloy is composed of dendritic α-Mg matrix, metastable lamellar stacking fault, eutectic Mg24(Gd, Y, Zn)5, massive long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase Mg12(Gd, Y)Zn and a few rare earth rich phases. In the process of homogenization, the lamellar phase and Mg24(Gd, Y, Zn)5 eutectic phase dissolved in the α-Mg matrix gradually, and the massive LPSO phase disappeared gradually, while the lamellar LPSO phase steadily grew into grains and formed some precipitate particles near the grain boundary. As the tensile temperature increases, the ductility of solid solution alloy increases, but decreases at 250 °C, which is related to the melting reaction of γ phase at high temperature and the cracking caused by grain boundary sliding. Intergranular fracture occurs at 250 °C. When the tensile temperature rises to 150 °C, the ultimate tensile strength of the alloy increases first before 150 °C and decreases after 150 °C, which is related to two strengthening mechanisms, namely, dissolution of Gd and Y elements into α-Mg matrix results in solid solution strengthening and the co-lattice strengthening between petal β′ and α-Mg matrix. Compared with the fatigue properties of the alloy after solution treatment and aging treatment, the fatigue life of the alloy after aging treatment is longer.