bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secret Window to the Parapharyngeal Space: The Transcervical Transdigastric Approach
Authors: Zanan Nor Hafiza Qualickuz , Azman Mawaddah , Kong MH , Yunus Mohd Razif Mohamad 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Aim
To highlight the transcervical transdigastric approach to the parapharyngeal space.

Background
The parapharyngeal space (PPS) contains important neurovascular structures and hence requires meticulous dissection when working with tumors in this space. Surgical access to this blind space is limited, and approach would depend on several factors such as location and extension of tumor, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) report if available, as well as surgeon's preference and experience. There are limited publications describing the transcervical transdigastric approach to tumors in the PPS.

Case description
We present two cases of tumor in the PPS that were addressed using the transcervical transdigastric approach. One patient presented with a painless submental mass, while the other had incidental finding of a PPS tumor on computed tomography scan. Both tumors were histologically benign.

Conclusion
The transcervical transdigastric approach to the PPS gives adequate exposure to the surgical field of interest and enables complete excision of well-encapsulated PPS tumors.

Clinical significance
The transcervical transdigastric approach allows access to the PPS without aggressive dissection, therefore, avoiding the potential morbidity associated with PPS tumor resection.
How to cite this article
Zanan NHQ, Azman M, MH Kong, et al. Secret Window to the Parapharyngeal Space: The Transcervical Transdigastric Approach. Int J Head Neck Surg 2021;12(1):34–36.
Evaluation of Brain Activation (NeuroSPECT) by Uni- and Bilateral Auditory Stimulation in Patients with Conductive Hearing Loss and Bilateral Bone Conduction Devices
Authors: Neubauer Sonia , Levy Raquel , Goycoolea Marcos V , Cornejo Jacqueline , Cagnacci Byanka , Catenacci Catherine 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
This prospective study evaluated sound localization and brain responses to monaural and binaural stimulation via bone conduction devices in 3 individuals with bilateral conductive hearing loss (1 acquired and 2 congenital).

Aims and objectives
To determine the (1) Cortical areas that are activated with pure tones. (2) Potential benefits of bilateral devices.

Materials and methods
A new audiological test is described (real-life lateralization test) and applied. NeuroSPECT studies were done using pure tones delivered via bone conduction devices (Baha Attract) stimulating monaurally and binaurally. The tests were performed 2–4 months after the placement of the second device.

Results
The use of unilateral devices as well as bilateral devices under our testing conditions did not improve sound localization. There was improvement in lateralization with bilateral devices. In the three subjects, cortical activation with binaural auditory stimulation with the Baha Attract occurred in the same auditory areas compared with monaural stimulation. However, while in the individual with acquired loss, the degree of activation was less intense in binaural compared to monaural stimulation; in the congenital cases, binaural stimulation resulted in summation of stimuli.

Conclusion
In congenital bilateral conductive hearing losses that have not been stimulated early, there are central auditory areas that are deprived. Even if these are only two cases, this is suggestive of the importance of bilateral early auditory stimulation in cases of congenital conductive hearing losses and supportive of the use of bilateral rather than unilateral devices.
How to cite this article
Goycoolea MV, Neubauer S, Levy R, et al. Evaluation of Brain Activation (NeuroSPECT) by Uni- and Bilateral Auditory Stimulation in Patients with Conductive Hearing Loss and Bilateral Bone Conduction Devices. Int J Head Neck Surg 2021;12(1):22–30.
Ectopic Lingual Thyroid: A Case Presentation
Authors: Rao Kanishka S , Shenoy Vijendra S , Kamath Panduranga M , Gomati Anas 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe lingual thyroid gland is a rare clinical entity that was found to occur due to the failure of the thyroid gland to descend into its normal ectopic pretracheal position during embryogenesis. The reported incidence of lingual thyroid is 1 in 100,000, and it is more common in females, with a female:male ratio of 3:1. When located at the base of the tongue, the ectopic gland is often asymptomatic but may cause local symptoms, such as, dysphagia, dysphonia, upper airway obstruction, hemorrhage, and often hypothyroidism. The diagnosis of lingual thyroid is usually made clinically and radionuclide scanning is used to confirm the diagnosis. A case of lingual thyroid is presented for its rarity and differential diagnosis of midline base of the tongue lesions.Case descriptionA 35-year-old woman presented with complaints of increasing difficulty in breathing and a constant foreign object sensation in the throat (FOSIT) for the past one year. Flexible video-laryngoscopic examination revealed a well-demarcated midline tongue base lesion measuring 3 × 3 cm. Technetium 99m scan reported it to be ectopic thyroid gland tissue. Transoral excision of the lesion was done along with cauterization with bipolar cautery.ConclusionLingual thyroid is a rare developmental anomaly, the treatment of which is still controversial in view of the rarity of the condition. It should be included in the differential diagnosis of midline masses of the base of the tongue, especially in children and adolescents. The approach to treatment should be transdisciplinary and should not only take into consideration the clinical condition of the lesion but also the hormonal aspects of the patient.How to cite this articleRao KS, Shenoy VS, Kamath PM,et al.Ectopic Lingual Thyroid: A Case Presentation. Int J Head Neck Surg 2021;12(1):37–39.
Review of Pediatric Polysomnographic Studies over a 2-year Period in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bengaluru, India
Authors: Kinimi Ilin , Rao Neha Mohan 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Introduction
Pediatric polysomnography is the gold standard in diagnosing sleep-related breathing disorders, the most common cause of this being obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Instituting good sleep hygiene measures, early recognition of symptoms and signs of sleep-disordered breathing, and timely referral for polysomnography play a vital role in improving a child's quality of life. We report our experience with sleep disorders in children and the challenges faced during diagnosis.

Aims
To review indications for pediatric sleep studies done over 2 years and their outcomes in a tertiary care center in Bengaluru, India.

Methods
Retrospective descriptive analysis of 65 pediatric sleep studies done between 2018 and 2020 (2-year period) for various indications.

Results
The total numbers of studies included in the analysis were 65, of which complete studies were done in 58 children and portable studies in 7 children. The most common indication for performing a sleep study was suspected OSA, followed by referrals for children with spinal muscular atrophy and Duchenne muscular dystrophy, respectively. Average age of the patient was 93.56 months (range 3–216 months). The number of boys and girls included in the study was 45 and 20, respectively.
The average duration of sleep was 375.35 minutes, of which rapid eye movement (REM) sleep contributed to 45.33 minutes (12.13%) (range, 0–90 minutes). The average sleep latency time was 21.36 minutes (range, 0.5–138 minutes). The total apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was 12.64/hour with 26 (40%) children having mild OSA, defined as an AHI of less than 5/hour; 17 (26.1%) having moderate OSA, defined as an AHI of 5 to 10/hour; 22 (33.8%) having severe OSA defined as an AHI of 15 to 30/hour. The mean REM AHI was 29.67/hour. Thirty-four children were started on bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) following the study and four children had their BiPAP setting titrated following the study with one child whose high flow oxygen was continued.

Conclusion
Of the 65 pediatric sleep studies included, 39 children (60%) underwent some form of intervention following the study, indicating the clear benefit of performing polysomnography and indicating a high prevalence of sleep disorders in children. Mouth breathing was the most common symptom and OSA was the most common diagnosis.
How to cite this article
Kinimi I, Rao NM. Review of Pediatric Polysomnographic Studies over a 2-year Period in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bengaluru, India. Indian J Sleep Med 2021;16(1):14–17.
Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility Through Physical Activity
Authors: Hellison Don 
Published: April 2021

Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility Through Physical Activity, now entering its third edition, attests to author Don Hellison's ability to shape and develop character and responsibility in children. Perhaps the success of Hellison's book can be attributed to his status not only as a highly respected scholar-activist but as a teacher who worked in the trenches with inner-city kids.
Kids in any situation will benefit from the thoroughly updated material in this edition, which presents practical, proven, easy-to-implement ideas for teaching personal and social responsibility (TPSR) in school, after school, and in alternative settings. It also supplies direction in teaching affective and social moral goals, an in-depth look into teaching character development and values, and a method for helping students develop personal and social responsibility.
Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility Through Physical Activity offers much new material:
• Strategies for alternative schools, afterschool programs, and the emerging youth development movement
• Vignettes sprinkled throughout the chapters, written by TPSR instructors in various settings
• Several chapters that have been completely overhauled
• An expanded assessment chapter to help readers evaluate the impact of TPSR on their kids and apply the strategies
• One new chapter on combining responsibility-based youth development with teacher preparation in physical education
In addition, the book features “Kid Quotes” to help readers understand how kids respond to the TPSR approach, as well as forms and charts to help readers put the ideas and strategies to use.
The result is a field-tested book that is the accepted curricular model in the field—and a resource that will enable teachers to help their students grow into solid citizens both personally and socially.
Physical Education Assessment Toolkit
Authors: Giles-Brown Liz 
Published: April 2021

• Tailor assessments to every topic, skill, and concept taught in physical education.
• Help students make connections between concepts to enhance learning.
• Meet a wide range of learning styles and teach to all intelligences, including linguistic, spatial, visual, and kinesthetic.
• Incorporate learning into the assessment process by calling on various levels of thinking, such as recall, summary application, and evaluation.
In today's physical education framework, the demands on your time and energy are great. Every second of class time is precious, so an efficient method of assessment that can plug into any lesson or unit being taught is a highly sought-after commodity. Loaded with assessment templates and sample units, the Physical Education Assessment Toolkit provides you with everything you need in order to simultaneously assess and teach students the lifelong value of physical education.
Assessment templates form the basis of the Physical Education Assessment Toolkit. Presented in a concise, user-friendly format, this comprehensive package contains the following features:
• Reproducible templates—Generic forms may be completed easily to address the specific topic, concept, or skill at hand, allowing you to tailor assessments to your students’ needs and abilities.
• Sample units—Designed using the backward design model of curriculum development, three complete units show how to transform blank reproducibles into highly practical assessment tools.
Each chapter includes lesson plans with model reproducibles for the following categories: written assessment, self-assessment, peer assessment, and application or performance assessment. Within each of these categories, you’ll receive guidance on implementing and creating more meaningful assessments.
Templates may be used to meet a variety of student learning styles, providing opportunities for assessing through rubrics, journal-writing assignments, self-assessments, and skill-tracking assessments across the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor realms. Rather than stealing valuable classroom time, the template approach actually enables teachers to use assessment to reinforce and extend learning in a systematic way.
The Physical Education Assessment Toolkit is the one resource that physical educators will turn to anytime they need to do an assessment, no matter what unit or lesson is being taught. This book contains the ready-made, pilot-tested materials needed for effective assessments of students, leaving teachers to focus on what they do best—teach.
Games for Motor Learning
Authors: Dienstman Ronald 
Published: April 2021

Games for Motor Learning provides you with 110 games your students will enjoy. Each game has been field-tested over 10 years by experienced teacher and coach Ron Dienstmann. These games integrate the schema theory of discrete motor skill learning, cooperative learning, and brain research on emotions and learning into a unified teaching concept. As a result, you get a book of games that are
• easy to use,
• fun and inclusive,
• extensively field tested to promote motor learning, and
• backed by research.
You can quickly and easily find games appropriate for your needs and immediately put them to use in your curriculum. Each game engages kids' minds, keeps them active and moving, and can be used for various skill levels. The author's extensive field testing has produced games that enhance motor skill development. Guided and shaped by research in multiple areas that affect this development, these games will help students meet the NASPE standards 1 and 6 related to motor learning as well as cooperative and social skills. While students are having a blast playing these games, they'll be improving their balance, manipulative skills, locomotor skills, and social skills.
In part I, you learn the theory behind the games as Dienstmann delves into the research backing the schema theory, cooperative learning, and emotions and learning. This sets the stage for part II, which delivers the 110 games in these categories: locomotor games, manipulative skills activities, stability games, and combined movement activities.
Games for Motor Learning will help students develop their motor skills based on a sound theoretical model. Your students might not care about the theory, but their laughter and excitement in playing the games will parallel their skill development. And that makes Games for Motor Learning a win–win proposition for students and teachers alike.
Synthesis, characterization and evaluation catalytic ability of nano Pt/biochar for curcumin conversion
Authors: Giang Ly , Phan Chuyen , Tran Mai , Nguyen Huy 
Published: April 2021

Biochar and Pt/biochar were successfully synthesized. This catalysts were characterized by TPD-N2, EDX, SEM and TEM techniques. The results of adsorption-desorption nitrogen showed a decrease in average volume and capillary diameter, indicating the presence of Pt nano dispersed in the medium capillary. TEM image for the size of Pt nanoparticles were 3-4nm. Investigate catalytic potential for curcumin conversion in methanol and ethanol, after 6 hours with Pt/biochar, the corresponding efficiency were 57.87% and 40.61% respectively. The presence of a new peak at a wavelength range is likely to be of tetrahydrocurcumin.
PENERAPAN MODEL PICTURE AND PICTURE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPS DI KELAS V SD KATOLIK KAKASKASEN
Authors: Katulung Marlin , Mendelson Laka Beatus , Tahulending Greiswati 
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan di SD Katolik Kakaskasen dalam pembelajaran IPS di kelas V SD, berdasarkan observasi yang dilakukan bahwa pada pembelajaran guru menggunakan metode ceramah sehingga mengakibatkan kurangnya pemahaman siswa pada materi yang diberikan. Karena dalam pembelajaran IPS tentang kegiatan ekonomi, siswa hanya mencatat materi yang disampaikan oleh guru dari buku cetak mengakibatkan hasil belajar siswa rendah. Dari 22 siswa yang ada di kelas V SD Katolik Kakaskasen 10 orang yang mendapat nilai di atas rata-rata yakni di atas 75, sedangkan 12 orang mendapat nilai di bawah 75. Dari masalah tersebut, maka perlu di adakan perbaikan dalam proses pembelajaran di kelas. Langkah-langkah yang bisa di lakukan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa yaitu dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran picture and picture, karena dalam pembelajaran ini semua siswa menjadi lebih aktif. Model picture and picture adalah salah satu model belajar yang menggunakan gambar dan di pasangkan di urutkan menjadi urutan yang logis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar IPS pada materi kegiatan ekonomi melalui penerapan model picture and picture di kelas V SD Katolik Kakaskasen. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam bentuk penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang terdiri empat tahapan yaitu : (1) Perencanaan, (2) Pelaksanaan/Tindakan, (3) Observasi, (4) refleksi. Penelitian ini di lakukan dalam 2 (Dua) Siklus. Pada siklus yang ke II hasil yang dicapai setelah mengadakan perbaikan tindakan pembelajaran yang diterapkan ternyata mengalami peningkatan yang cukup baik dan dibuktikan berdasarkan teknik pengumpulan data yaitu lembar pengamatan dan tes tertulis sehingga mencapai target yang diharapkan karena keberhasilan siswa mencapai 85 % berdasarkan data tersebut maka peneliti dapat menarik kesimpulan bahwa Dari hasil penelitian dan pembahasan yang ada, maka peneliti menarik kesimpulan bahwa Penerapan model picture and picture dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPS siswa kelas V SD Katolik Kakaskasen.
INFLUÊNCIA DA ANSIEDADE NO DISTÚRBIO DA PARALISIA DO SONO SOB O OLHAR DA TERAPIA COGNITIVO COMPORTAMENTAL
Authors: Costa Lílian Neves Ribeiro da 
Published: April 2021

Está presente pesquisa se propõe uma análise sobre a relação entre o transtorno de ansiedade e o distúrbio da paralisia do sono trazendo uma perspectiva da terapia cognitivo comportamental para contribuir com um enriquecimento a luz de uma abordagem pioneira em assuntos cognitivos comportamentais que está a todo momento contribuindo com estudos e explicações a respeito das subjetividades dos indivíduos. O objetivo geral deste trabalho se constituiu na investigação de como o transtorno de ansiedade pode estar intimamente ligado ao distúrbio da paralisia do sono trazendo a perspectiva da terapia cognitivo comportamental. Chegou-se à conclusão de que é correto afirmar que assim como a ansiedade é um potencial influenciador para o surgimento do distúrbio da paralisia do sono, o próprio distúrbio em si também pode vir a ser um possível gerador ou potencial influenciador para o transtorno de ansiedade. Sendo assim, se fez possível concluir que um é potencializador e possível influenciador do outro, e de certa forma, ambos se complementam. A metodologia que se utilizou esta pesquisa foi de caráter qualitativo, estando presente também na abordagem metodológica a pesquisa bibliográfica. Esta pesquisa teve ainda como contribuição social o auxílio informativo acerca da paralisia do sono e também a cerda se sua ligação com o transtorno de ansiedade, visto que essa temática não é devidamente explorada, investigada e estudada. A contribuição científica também foi de grande valia uma vez que a escassez de assuntos a respeito da paralisia do sono é grande no meio dos estudos científicos a respeito do tema.
O PROCESSO DE VALORIZAÇÃO DO ESPAÇO URBANO NA CIDADE DE NOVA IGUAÇU E SEUS IMPACTOS NA POPULAÇÃO PERIFÉRICA
Authors: Ribeiro Lilian Cristina Gomes 
Published: April 2021

Esse artigo traz uma breve reflexão e abertura para futuros debates sobre o crescente enobrecimento e estímulo à centralização no município de Nova Iguaçu de que forma ocorreu e por qual motivo esse processo tem sido estimulado, e os impactos que têm sido vivenciados pela sociedade local, que majoritariamente possui baixo poder aquisitivo considerando que Nova Iguaçu é uma cidade periférica, em relação ao Estado do Rio de Janeiro.
Evaluation of historic and operational satellite radar altimetry missions for constructing consistent long-term lake water level records
Authors: Shu Song , Liu Hongxing , Beck Richard A. , Frappart Frédéric , Korhonen Johanna , Lan Minxuan , Xu Min , Yang Bo , Huang Yan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. A total of 13 satellite missions have been launched since 1985, with different types of radar altimeters on board. This study intends to make a comprehensive evaluation of historic and currently operational satellite radar altimetry missions for lake water level retrieval over the same set of lakes and to develop a strategy for constructing consistent long-term water level records for inland lakes at global scale. The lake water level estimates produced by different retracking algorithms (retrackers) of the satellite missions were compared with the gauge measurements over 12 lakes in four countries. The performance of each retracker was assessed in terms of the data missing rate, the correlation coefficient r, the bias, and the root mean square error (RMSE) between the altimetry-derived lake water level estimates and the concurrent gauge measurements. The results show that the model-free retrackers (e.g., OCOG/Ice-1/Ice) outperform the model-based retrackers for most of the missions, particularly over small lakes. Among the satellite altimetry missions, Sentinel-3 gave the best results, followed by SARAL. ENVISAT has slightly better lake water level estimates than Jason-1 and Jason-2, but its data missing rate is higher. For small lakes, ERS-1 and ERS-2 missions provided more accurate lake water level estimates than the TOPEX/Poseidon mission. In contrast, for large lakes, TOPEX/Poseidon is a better option due to its lower data missing rate and shorter repeat cycle. GeoSat and GeoSat Follow-On (GFO) both have an extremely high data missing rate of lake water level estimates. Although several contemporary radar altimetry missions provide more accurate lake level estimates than GFO, GeoSat was the sole radar altimetry mission, between 1985 and 1990, that provided the lake water level estimates. With a full consideration of the performance and the operational duration, the best strategy for constructing long-term lake water level records should be a two-step bias correction and normalization procedure. In the first step, use Jason-2 as the initial reference to estimate the systematic biases with TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, and Jason-3 and then normalize them to form a consistent TOPEX/Poseidon–Jason series. Then, use the TOPEX/Poseidon–Jason series as the reference to estimate and remove systematic biases with other radar altimetry missions to construct consistent long-term lake water level series for ungauged lakes.