bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do outcomes from a behavioral weight loss intervention differ in Alabama versus Colorado?
Authors: Clina Julianne G. , Sayer R. Drew , Cohen Caroline W. , Wyatt Holly R. , Baidwan Navneet Kaur , Hill James O. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere are well‐established regional differences in obesity prevalence in the United States but relatively little is known about why or whether success in weight loss differs regionally.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine whether changes in body weight, engagement in physical activity (PA), and psychosocial factors differed in Alabama (AL) versus Colorado (CO) in response to a 16‐week behavioral weight loss program.DesignThis is an ancillary study to a weight loss intervention being conducted simultaneously in AL and CO with identical intervention content and delivery in 70 participants (n = 31 AL and n = 39 CO). Body weight, objective (accelerometry) PA, and responses to psychosocial questionnaires (reward‐based eating, stress, social support) were collected at baseline and at Week 16.ResultsThere were no differences in percent weight loss between states (AL: 10.98%; CO: 11.675%, p = 0.70), and weights at Week 16 were not different for participants in AL and CO (AL: 101.54 ± 4.39 kg, CO: 100.42 ± 3.67 kg, p = 0.84). Accelerometry‐derived step count, stepping time, and activity score were all greater at Week 16 for participants in AL compared to participants in CO. Hedonic eating scores were more favorable for participants in AL at baseline (AL: 24.08 ± 2.42; CO: 34.99 ± 2.12, p = 0.0023) and at Week 16 (AL: 18.62 ± 2.70; CO: 29.11 ± 2.19, p = 0.0023). Finally, participants in AL presented more favorable social support scores at Week 16 compared to participants in CO.ConclusionsWeight loss did not differ between states, suggesting that factors contributing to higher obesity rates in some regions of the United States may not be barriers to weight loss. Further, participants in AL experienced greater improvements in some factors associated with weight maintenance, indicating the need to study regional differences in weight loss maintenance. National Clinical Trial 03832933.
Plasmonic enhanced polymer solar cell with inclusion of Ag@SiO2 core‐shell nanostructures
Authors: Alikhaidarova Elmira , Afanasyev Dmitriy , Ibrayev Niyazbek , Nuraje Nurxat 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this work, the effect of Ag@SiO2 core‐shell nanostructure (NS) on photovoltaic characteristics of polymer solar cell has been studied. Addition of Ag@SiO2 nanostructure containing SiO2 dielectric shell into the polymer solar cell eliminates the influence of metal nanoparticles (NP) to electron transfer between the polymer and the metal nanoparticles. The efficiency of the polymer solar cell was increased by 60% for the optimal concentration of Ag@SiO2 NSs (10−8 mol/L) in the PEDOT:PSS film. The increased efficiency of the polymer solar cell with inclusion of Ag@SiO2 nanostructure in PEDOT:PSS film was ascribed to a decrease of the electrical resistance of the PEDOT:PSS layer and enhancement of light harvesting by light scattering of Ag@SiO2 nanostructure in the polymer solar cell. The mechanism and kinetics of the plasmonic enhanced polymer solar cell were explained by IPCE, time‐resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy, and EIS studies.
Myeloma cells regulate miRNA transfer from fibroblast‐derived exosomes by expression of lncRNAs
Authors: Saltarella Ilaria , Lamanuzzi Aurelia , Desantis Vanessa , Di Marzo Lucia , Melaccio Assunta , Curci Paola , Annese Tiziana , Nico Beatrice , Solimando Antonio Giovanni , Bartoli Giulia , Tolomeo Doron , Storlazzi Clelia Tiziana , Mariggiò Maria Addolorata , Ria Roberto , Musto Pellegrino , Vacca Angelo , Frassanito Maria Antonia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) progression and drug resistance depend on the crosstalk between MM cells and bone marrow (BM) fibroblasts (FBs). During monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) to MM transition, MM cell‐derived exosomes (EXOs) reprogram the miRNA (miR) profile of FBs, inducing the overexpression miR‐23b‐3p, miR‐27b‐3p, miR‐125b‐5p, miR‐214‐3p, and miR‐5100. Here, we demonstrate that the miR content of MM FB‐derived EXOs (FB‐EXOs) overlaps the miR profile of parental FBs by overexpressing comparable levels of miR‐23b‐3p, miR‐27b‐3p, miR‐125b‐5p, miR‐214‐3p, and miR‐5100. Recipient MM cells co‐cultured with MM FB‐EXOs selectively overexpress only miR‐214‐3p and miR‐5100 but not miR‐23b‐3p, miR‐27b‐3p, and miR‐125b‐5p, suggesting a putative selective transfer. MM cells express HOTAIR, TOB1‐AS1, and MALAT1 lncRNAs. Transient transfection of MM cells with lnc·siRNAs demonstrates that HOTAIR, TOB1‐AS1, and MALAT1 lncRNAs are sponges for miR‐23b‐3p, miR‐27b‐3p, and miR‐125b‐5p. Indeed, lncRNA knockdown significantly increased miR levels in U266 MM cells co‐cultured with MM FB‐EXOs. Selective miR‐214‐3p and miR‐5100 overexpression modulates MAPK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and p53 pathways in MM cells. Interrogation using the DIANA tools algorithm and transient overexpression using miR mimic probes confirmed the involvement of miR‐214‐3p and miR‐5100 and their target genes, PTEN and DUSP16, respectively, in the modulation of these intracellular pathways. Finally, the uptake of EXOs as well as miR‐214‐3p and miR‐5100 overexpression increase MM cell proliferation and resistance to bortezomib‐induced apoptosis by switching the balance between pro‐/anti‐apoptotic proteins. Overall, these data show that MM cells are not simply a container into which EXOs empty their cargo. On the contrary, tumour cells finely neutralize exosomal miRs via lncRNA expression to ensure their survival. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
A qualitative study of barriers and facilitators to adolescents and young adults’ participation in cancer clinical trials: Oncologist and patient perspectives
Authors: Abrahão Renata , Alvarez Elysia M. , Waters Austin R. , Romero Crystal C. , Gosdin Melissa M. , Naz Hiba , Pollock Brad H. , Kirchhoff Anne C. , Keegan Theresa H. M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite efforts to increase participation of adolescents and young adults (AYAs; 15–39 years) in cancer clinical trials (CTs), enrollment remains very low. Even when provided access to CTs, AYAs are less likely to participate than children and older adults. A better understanding of oncologist‐ and AYA survivor‐reported barriers, facilitators, and potential areas for CT enrollment improvement is needed.ProceduresFrom December 2019 to August 2020, we conducted 43 semi‐structured interviews with oncologists (n = 17) and AYA cancer survivors (n = 26) who were offered and/or participated in CTs at cancer centers in California and Utah. Thematic analyses were used to interpret the findings.ResultsOncologists identified a lack of available CTs, strict eligibility criteria, lack of awareness of open CTs, and poor communication between pediatric and adult oncologists as major barriers to enrollment. AYA cancer survivors identified financial and psychosocial barriers, and a poor understanding of what a CT means and its potential benefits as barriers to enrollment. Areas for improvement identified by oncologists and AYAs include educational, financial, and psychosocial support to AYAs. Oncologists also emphasized the need to increase CT availability, improve awareness of open CTs, and better communication between both pediatric and adult oncologists and oncologists and AYAs.ConclusionsFor AYAs with cancer, a lack of CT eligibility and physician awareness of open CTs likely factor into their lower CT enrollment. Potential strategies to improve AYA enrollment in CTs require comprehensive collaboration between pediatric and adult institutions, as well as educational, psychosocial, and financial support to AYAs.
Interprofessional spiritual care education in pediatric hematology‐oncology: A pilot study
Authors: Szilagyi Csaba , Lion Alex H. , Varner Perez Shelley E. , Koch Sarah , Oyedele Oladele , Slaven James E. , Montz Kianna , Haase Joan E. , Puchalski Christina M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundEvidence and clinical guidelines call care team members to address the spiritual well‐being of pediatric patients, especially adolescents and young adults (AYA), with cancer and blood disorders. However, the lack of relevant training in generalist spiritual care has been a key barrier. Therefore, we aimed to improve clinicians’ capabilities by utilizing the Interprofessional Spiritual Care Education Curriculum (ISPEC) to close this gap in pediatric hematology‐oncology. A model of interprofessional spiritual care entails that all team members attend to patients’ spirituality by employing generalist spiritual care skills and collaborating with spiritual care specialists such as chaplains.MethodsInterdisciplinary team members providing care for AYA with cancer and blood disorders were recruited to participate in interprofessional spiritual care education. Our intervention combined an evidence‐based online curriculum and in‐person discussion groups. Pretest‐posttest study examined changes in participants’ skills and practices to identify, address, and discuss spiritual concerns. Surveys were conducted at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months after the intervention.ResultsParticipants (n = 21) included physicians, advanced practice providers, nurse coordinators, and psychosocial team members. We observed positive changes in participants’ ability (36%, P < 0.01), frequency (56%, P = 0.01), confidence (32%, P < 0.01), and comfort (31%, P = 0.02) providing generalist spiritual care baseline versus one month, with significant gains maintained through six months (Omnibus P < 0.05).ConclusionsUtilizing ISPEC, interprofessional spiritual care education has a strong potential to develop pediatric hematology‐oncology team members’ capabilities to attend to the spiritual aspect of whole‐person care and thus contribute to the well‐being of AYA with cancer and blood disorders.
Exploring the effect ofTiO2and ionic liquid on the dielectric properties of polyurethane and polyaniline blend nanocomposites
Authors: Dash Kalyani , Sahoo Bibhu Prasad 
Published: December 2021

AbstractConductive polymer nanocomposites are enormously potent multifunctional lightweight flexible materials used in various electronic devices owing to their excellent dielectric characteristics with interesting relaxation behavior. In this present context, dielectric properties like dielectric permittivity (ε′), dielectric loss (ε″), AC conductivity (σac), real and imaginary impedance (Z′ andZ″), Nyquist plots, etc., of thermoplastic polyurethane/polyaniline/TiO2(TPU/PANI/TiO2) nanocomposite films with 0–2 wt% TiO2loading level have been studied. The dielectric analysis in the frequency range of 1 Hz to 1 MHz reveals thatε',σac, Nyquist plot as well as the relaxation behavior have been effectively tuned up to 1.5 wt% TiO2loading level. The very high interfacial polarization of the dipoles at the interface is reflected in the ultrahigh value ofε′. The semicircular nature of the Nyquist plots is well explained by the cyclic movement of the charge and the high extent of charge storage. The significant improvement in dielectric properties in 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquid (IL)‐incorporated nanocomposite system reflects the coupling as well as dispersibility of IL. The reduction inε′ andσac, and increase in bulk resistance with an increase in temperature indicate the positive temperature coefficient behavior of the developed nanocomposite systems. The adequate interaction between TiO2, TPU and PANI phases has been analyzed using X‐ray diffraction. The significant dispersing ability and coupling activity of the IL has been explored from micrographs obtained from a scanning electron microscopy study. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
The longitudinal trajectories of teacher burnout and vigour across the scholar year: The predictive role of emotional intelligence
Authors: Cece Valérian , Guillet‐Descas Emma , Lentillon‐Kaestner Vanessa 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the longitudinal trajectories of teacher burnout and vigour across the school year and whether teacher emotional intelligence (EI) at the beginning of the school year would predict membership in the trajectories. A sample of 311 school teachers (Mage = 42.40 years ± 9.64 years, aged: 24–61) reported their burnout and vigour at three measurement times during the year and their EI levels at the first measurement time. Analyses revealed two to four trajectories, highlighting the heterogeneity in teacher longitudinal burnout and vigour across the school year. Moreover, a predictive role of EI was found and confirms the major role of emotional resources in teacher wellbeing. These findings provide theoretical direction for further studies in the teacher wellbeing domain (e.g., use of person‐centred and longitudinal designs) and suggestions for practical perspectives (e.g., monitoring, development of intrapersonal and interpersonal EI in teacher training).
Body image and perception among adults with and without phantom limb pain
Authors: Beisheim‐Ryan Emma Haldane , Hicks Gregory Evan , Pohlig Ryan Todd , Medina Jared , Sions Jaclyn Megan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundFollowing lower‐limb amputation, phantom limb pain (i.e., pain perceived as coming from the amputated portion of the limb) is common. Phantom limb pain may be associated with impaired body image and perception, which may be targets for rehabilitative intervention.ObjectiveTo compare measures of body image and perception between adults with and without phantom limb pain post amputation and evaluate associations between measures of body image and perception and phantom limb pain.DesignSurvey.SettingOnline, remote assessment.ParticipantsSeventy‐two adults ≥1 year post unilateral lower‐limb loss (n = 42 with phantom limb pain, n = 30 without phantom limb pain or pain in the remaining portion of the limb).InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresSelf‐reported outcome measures assessing body image (i.e., Amputee Body Image Scale‐Revised), perceptual disturbances associated with the phantom limb (i.e., a modified Bath Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Body Perception Disturbance Scale), and prosthesis satisfaction (i.e., Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scale) were administered; participants with phantom limb pain reported pain interference via the Brief Pain Inventory‐Short Form. Between‐group comparisons of self‐reported outcome measure scores were conducted using Mann Whitney U or chi‐square tests, as appropriate (a = .05).ResultsCompared to peers without phantom limb pain, adults with phantom limb pain reported more negative body image; increased phantom limb ownership, attention, and awareness; and reduced prosthesis satisfaction and embodiment (U = 175.50–364.00, p < .001 to .034). Disturbances in phantom limb perception (i.e., size, weight, pressure, temperature) were similar between groups (p = .086 to >.999). More negative body image was associated with increased phantom limb pain interference (τb = .25, p = .026).ConclusionsAdults with phantom limb pain demonstrate more negative body image and hypervigilance of the phantom limb as compared to peers with nonpainful phantom sensations. Mind‐body treatments that target impaired body image and perception may be critical interventions for adults with phantom limb pain.
Catalyst‐Free Synthesis of Diastereomerically Pure 3‐Cyanoazetidin‐2‐ones via Thermally Promoted Tandem Wolff Rearrangement–Staudinger [2+2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Levashova Ekaterina , Bakulina Olga , Dar'in Dmitry , Krasavin Mikhail 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThermally promoted tandem Wolff rearrangement – Staudinger [2+2] cycloaddition of α‐cyano‐α‐diazo ketones and imines afforded 3‐cyano‐β‐lactams in good to excellent yields as one diastereomer. The process represents the first example of generating cyanoketenes via the Wolff rearrangement of diazo compounds. The reaction is virtually insensitive to the substitution pattern in both reaction partners. It afforded high product yields even for imines bearing bulky tertiary alkyl substituents at the imine's nitrogen atom, which is indicative of the reaction proceeding predominantly as the concerted [2+2] cycloaddition rather than stepwise N‐acylation – ring closure process. Examples of reductive manipulation of the resulting 3‐cyano‐β‐lactams are provided opening an entry into 3‐aminomethyl 2‐azetidinones and azetidines.
Mechanistic Studies of an Automated Lipid Nanoparticle Reveal Critical Pharmaceutical Properties Associated with Enhanced mRNA Functional Delivery In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Cui Lili , Hunter Morag R. , Sonzini Silvia , Pereira Sara , Romanelli Steven M. , Liu Kai , Li Weimin , Liang Lihuan , Yang Bin , Mahmoudi Najet , Desai Arpan S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRecently, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have attracted attention due to their emergent use for COVID‐19 mRNA vaccines. The success of LNPs can be attributed to ionizable lipids, which enable functional intracellular delivery. Previously, the authors established an automated high‐throughput platform to screen ionizable lipids and identified that the LNPs generated using this automated technique show comparable or increased mRNA functional delivery in vitro as compared to LNPs prepared using traditional microfluidics techniques. In this study, the authors choose one benchmark lipid, DLin‐MC3‐DMA (MC3), and investigate whether the automated formulation technique can enhance mRNA functional delivery in vivo. Interestingly, a 4.5‐fold improvement in mRNA functional delivery in vivo by automated LNPs as compared to LNPs formulated by conventional microfluidics techniques, is observed. Mechanistic studies reveal that particles with large size accommodate more mRNA per LNP, possess more hydrophobic surface, are more hemolytic, bind a larger protein corona, and tend to accumulate more in macropinocytosomes, which may quantitatively benefit mRNA cytosolic delivery. These data suggest that mRNA loading per particle is a critical factor that accounts for the enhanced mRNA functional delivery of automated LNPs. These mechanistic findings provide valuable insight underlying the enhanced mRNA functional delivery to accelerate future mRNA LNP product development.
Understanding the Structural Phase Transitions in Na3V2(PO4)3Symmetrical Sodium‐Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron‐Based X‐Ray Techniques
Authors: Thangavel Ranjith , Han Daseul , Moorthy Brindha , Ganesan Bala Krishnan , Moorthy Megala , Park Yongll , Nam Kyung‐Wan , Lee Yun‐Sung 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) hold great potential for use in large‐scale grid storage applications owing to their low energy cost compared to lithium analogs. The symmetrical SIBs employing Na3V2(PO4)3(NVP) as both the cathode and anode are considered very promising due to negligible volume changes and longer cycle life. However, the structural changes associated with the electrochemical reactions of symmetrical SIBs employing NVP have not been widely studied. Previous studies on symmetrical SIBs employing NVP are believed to undergo one mole of Na+storage during the electrochemical reaction. However, in this study, it is shown that there are significant differences during the electrochemical reaction of the symmetrical NVP system. The symmetrical sodium‐ion cell undergoes≈2 moles of Na+reaction (intercalation and deintercalation) instead of 1 mole of Na+. A simultaneous formation of Na5V2(PO4)3phase in the anode and NaV2(PO4)3phase in the cathode is revealed by synchrotron‐based X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. A symmetrical NVP cell can deliver a stable capacity of≈99 mAh g‐1, (based on the mass of the cathode) by simultaneously utilizing V3+/V2+redox in anode and V3+/V4+redox in cathode. The current study provides new insights for the development of high‐energy symmetrical NIBs for future use.
Direct Color Observation of Light‐Driven Molecular Conformation‐Induced Stress
Authors: Pujol‐Vila Ferran , Escudero Pedro , Güell‐Grau Pau , Pascual‐Izarra Carlos , Villa Rosa , Alvarez Mar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlthough usually complex to handle, nanomechanical sensors are exceptional, label‐free tools for monitoring molecular conformational changes, which makes them of paramount importance in understanding biomolecular interactions. Herein, a simple and inexpensive mechanical imaging approach based on low‐stiffness cantilevers with structural coloration (mechanochromic cantilevers (MMC)) is demonstrated, able to monitor and quantify molecular conformational changes with similar sensitivity to the classical optical beam detection method of cantilever‐based sensors (≈4.6 × 10–3 N m–1). This high sensitivity is achieved by using a white light and an RGB camera working in the reflection configuration. The sensor performance is demonstrated by monitoring the UV‐light induced reversible conformational changes of azobenzene molecules coating. The trans‐cis isomerization of the azobenzene molecules induces a deflection of the cantilevers modifying their diffracted color, which returns to the initial state by cis‐trans relaxation. Interestingly, the mechanical imaging enables a simultaneous 2D mapping of the response thus enhancing the spatial resolution of the measurements. A tight correlation is found between the color output and the cantilever's deflection and curvature angle (sensitivities of 5 × 10–3 Hue µm–1 and 1.5 × 10–1 Hue (°)–1). These findings highlight the suitability of low‐stiffness MMC as an enabling technology for monitoring molecular changes with unprecedented simplicity, high‐throughput capability, and functionalities.
Recent Progress in the Synthesis and Applications of Composite Photocatalysts: A Critical Review
Authors: Humayun Muhammad , Wang Chundong , Luo Wei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPhotocatalysis is an advanced technique that transforms solar energy into sustainable fuels and oxidizes pollutants via the aid of semiconductor photocatalysts. The main scientific and technological challenges for effective photocatalysis are the stability, robustness, and efficiency of semiconductor photocatalysts. For practical applications, researchers are trying to develop highly efficient and stable photocatalysts. Since the literature is highly scattered, it is urgent to write a critical review that summarizes the state‐of‐the‐art progress in the design of a variety of semiconductor composite photocatalysts for energy and environmental applications. Herein, a comprehensive review is presented that summarizes an overview, history, mechanism, advantages, and challenges of semiconductor photocatalysis. Further, the recent advancements in the design of heterostructure photocatalysts including alloy quantum dots based composites, carbon based composites including carbon nanotubes, carbon quantum dots, graphitic carbon nitride, and graphene, covalent–organic frameworks based composites, metal based composites including metal carbides, metal halide perovskites, metal nitrides, metal oxides, metal phosphides, and metal sulfides, metal–organic frameworks based composites, plasmonic materials based composites and single atom based composites for CO2 conversion, H2 evolution, and pollutants oxidation are discussed elaborately. Finally, perspectives for further improvement in the design of composite materials for efficient photocatalysis are provided.