bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes in patients with smaller body surface area after HeartMate 3 left ventricular assist device implantation
Authors: Molina Ezequiel J. , Ahmed Sara , Jain Amiti , Lam Phillip H. , Rao Sriram , Hockstein Michael , Kadakkal Ajay , Hofmeyer Mark , Rodrigo Maria E. , Najjar Samer S. , Sheikh Farooq H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundDue to anatomic and physiologic concerns, prior generations of the left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) have frequently been denied to patients with small body size. However, outcomes in patients with small body surface area (BSA) following HeartMate 3 (HM3) LVAD implantation remain relatively unknown.MethodsA cohort of 220 patients implanted at a single center was divided into two groups: BSA ≤1.8 m2 (small BSA, n = 37) and BSA >1.8 m2 (large BSA, n = 183). We investigated baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes including survival and incidence of adverse events.ResultsSmall BSA patients were older (60 vs. 57 years), more likely female (60% vs. 20%), had a lower body mass index (24 vs. 32 kg/m2), lower incidence of diabetes (32% vs. 51%), history of stroke (5% vs. 19%), and left ventricular thrombus (0% vs. 11%). They had smaller left ventricular end diastolic diameter (64.8 vs. 69.3 mm). Pump speed and pump flows at discharge were lower in the small BSA group. Survival at 1 year and 2 years was 86% versus 87% and 86% versus 79% for small versus large BSA groups (p = 0.408), respectively. The rates of adverse events were similar between groups and there were no cases of confirmed pump thrombosis. The incidence of readmissions for low flow alarms was higher in the small BSA group (0.55 vs. 0.24 EPPY).ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate comparable outcomes in patients with small body size and suggest that this parameter should not be an exclusion criterion on patients who are otherwise candidates for HM3 LVAD implantation.
Impact of left ventricular unloading using a peripheral Impella®‐pump in eCPR patients
Authors: Gaisendrees Christopher , Djordjevic Ilija , Sabashnikov Anton , Adler Christopher , Eghbalzadeh Kaveh , Ivanov Borko , Walter Sebastian , Schlachtenberger Georg , Merkle‐Storms Julia , Gerfer Stephen , Carstens Henning , Deppe Antje‐Christin , Kuhn Elmar , Wahlers Thorsten 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundExtracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (eCPR) is a rapidly growing treatment strategy due to increasing survival rates in selected patients. Additional left ventricular mechanical unloading, using a transfemoral micro‐axial blood pump (Impella® Denver, Massachusetts, USA), might improve patients’ outcomes. In this regard, we sought to investigate patients who suffered OHCA (out‐of hospital cardiac arrest) or IHCA (in‐hospital cardiac arrest) with subsequent eCPR via VA‐ECMO (veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) and concomitant Impella® implantation based on survival and feasibility of ECMO weaning.MethodsFrom January 2016 until December 2020, 108 patients underwent eCPR at our institution. Data prior to eCPR and early outcome parameters were analyzed comparing patients who were supported with an additional Impella® (2.5 or CP) (ECMO+Impella®, n = 18) and patients without additional (ECMO, n = 90) support during V‐A ECMO therapy. The primary endpoint was in‐hospital mortality; secondary endpoints were, among others: ECMO explantation, need for hemodialysis, stroke, and need for blood transfusions.ResultsLow‐flow time was significantly lower in the ECMO+Impella group (60 min vs. 55 min, p = .01). All‐cause mortality was significantly lower in the ECMO+Impella® group (82% vs. 56%, p = .01). The time of circulatory support was shorter in the ECMO cohort (2.0 ± 1.73 vs. 4.76 ± 2.88 p = .05). ECMO decannulation was significantly more feasible in patients with ECMO+Impella® (72% vs. 32%, p = .01). Patients treated with additional Impella® showed significantly more acute kidney injury with the need for dialysis (72% vs. 18%, p ≤ .01).ConclusionConcomitant Impella® support might positively influence survival and ECMO weaning in eCPR patients. Treatment‐associated complications such as the need for dialysis were more common in this highly selected patient group. Further studies with larger numbers are necessary to evaluate the clinical relevance of concomitant LV‐unloading in eCPR patients using an Impella® device.
Neutrophil dysfunction due to continuous mechanical shear exposure in mechanically assisted circulation in vitro
Authors: Sun Wenji , Zhang Jiafeng , Shah Aakash , Arias Katherin , Berk Zachary , Griffith Bartley P. , Wu Zhongjun J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveLeukocytes play an important role in the body's immune system. The aim of this study was to assess alterations in neutrophil phenotype and function in pump‐assisted circulation in vitro.MethodsHuman blood was circulated for four hours in three circulatory flow loops with a CentriMag blood pump operated at a flow of 4.5 L/min at three rotational speeds (2100, 2800, and 4000 rpm), against three pressure heads (75, 150, and 350 mm Hg), respectively. Blood samples were collected hourly for analyses of neutrophil activation state (Mac‐1, CD62L, CD162), neutrophil reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis, and neutrophil phagocytosis.ResultsActivated neutrophils indicated by both Mac‐1 expression and decreased surface expression of CD62L and CD162 receptors increased with time in three loops. The highest level of neutrophil activation was observed in the loop with the highest rotational speed. Platelet‐neutrophil aggregates (PNAs) progressively increased in two loops with lower rotational speeds. PNAs peaked at one hour after circulation and decreased subsequently in the loop with the highest rotational speed. Neutrophil ROS production dramatically increased at one hour after circulation and decreased subsequently in all three loops with similar levels and trends. Apoptotic neutrophils increased with time in all three loops. Neutrophil phagocytosis capacity in three loops initially elevated at one hour after circulation and decreased subsequently. Apoptosis and altered phagocytosis were dependent on rotational speed.ConclusionsOur study revealed that the pump‐assisted circulation induced neutrophil activation, apoptosis, and functional impairment. The alterations were strongly associated with pump operating condition and duration.
Dementia care, robot pets, and aliefs
Authors: Martens Rhonda , Hildebrand Christine 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStudies have shown that using robot pets in dementia care contributes to a reduction in loneliness and anxiety, and other benefits. Studies also show that, even when people know they are dealing with robots, they often treat the robot as though it is a real pet with genuine emotions. This disconnect between beliefs and behavior occurs not just for people living with dementia, but with cognitively healthy adults, including those who are knowledgeable about how robots work. One possible explanation is that robot pets prompt contradictory beliefs, and so the use of robot pets encourages self‐deception. Sparrow argues that this makes the use of robot pets in dementia care morally objectionable. We disagree. We argue that Gendler's concept of alief offers a better explanation of the belief‐behavior disconnect observed when people interact with robot pets. An alief is a mental state composed of an automatic, arational, emotional, and behavioral response to representational input. Aliefs are not beliefs and are not subject to truth norms. Thus, on our view, harms associated with the use of robot pets in dementia care are not likely to include the self‐deceptions that Sparrow suggests. It might seem like philosophical hair‐splitting to claim that deception has not occurred because discordant aliefs rather than false beliefs have been formed, but this distinction matters. We argue that aliefs carry their own risks. These risks are important to consider when using robot pets in dementia care.
Cultural diversity approaches in schools and adolescents’ willingness to support refugee youth
Authors: Aral Tuğçe , Schachner Maja K. , Juang Linda , Schwarzenthal Miriam 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundCulturally diverse schools contribute to adolescents’ intergroup relations. Complex and inclusive social identities are mechanisms that can explain the link between structural school cultural diversity (i.e., proportion of students of immigrant descent and the number of different ethnic groups) and positive intergroup relations. We expected that similar mechanisms might be at play linking cultural diversity approaches in schools with adolescents’ intergroup relations.AimWe examined the link between two sub‐dimensions of cultural diversity approaches (i.e.,equal treatment; heritage and intercultural learning) and adolescents’ prosocial intentions and behaviour towards refugee youth. Then, we explored the mediating role of identity inclusiveness (i.e., perceived similarity of the self with others).Sample and methodsWe sampled culturally diverse eighth grade adolescents from 54 classrooms in Berlin (N = 503,Mage = 13.76 years, 50.6% female). Surveys measured perceived cultural diversity norms, adolescents’ perceived identity inclusiveness with refugee youth, prosocial intentions to support refugee youth, and willingness to donate to a project for refugee youth.ResultsMultilevel models revealed that adolescents’ perception ofheritage and intercultural learningpredicted adolescents’ prosocial intentions towards refugee youth, but not their willingness to donate.Equal treatmentwas not a significant predictor of adolescents’ prosocial intentions towards refugee youth, or their willingness to donate. Identity inclusiveness did not mediate the relation between cultural diversity approaches and prosocial intentions. However, identity inclusiveness did positively relate adolescents’ prosocial intentions and willingness to donate.ConclusionsWe conclude that culturally diverse schools that engage inheritage and intercultural learningmight help to promote positive relations between local and refugee youth in schools and society. Fostering inclusive identities may enhance local adolescent’s prosocial intention and behaviour.
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome using treosulfan based compared to other reduced‐intensity or myeloablative conditioning regimens. A report of the chronic malignancies working party of the EBMT
Authors: Shimoni Avichai , Robin Marie , Iacobelli Simona , Beelen Dietrich , Mufti Ghulam J. , Ciceri Fabio , Bethge Wolfgang , Volin Liisa , Blaise Didier , Ganser Arnold , Luft Thomas , Chevallier Patrice , Schwerdtfeger Rainer , Koster Linda , de Witte Theo , Kröger Nicolaus , Nagler Arnon , Yakoub-Agha Ibrahim 
Published: September 2021

SummaryAllogeneic haematopoietic‐cell transplantation (allo‐HCT) is a potentially curative therapy for high‐risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Reduced‐intensity conditioning (RIC) is usually associated with lower non‐relapse mortality (NRM), higher relapse rate and similar overall‐survival (OS) as myeloablative‐conditioning (MAC). Fludarabine/treosulfan (FT) is a reduced‐toxicity regimen with intense anti‐leukaemia activity and a favourable toxicity profile. We investigated post‐transplant outcomes in 1722 MDS patients following allo‐HCT with FT (n = 367), RIC (n = 687) or MAC (n = 668). FT and RIC recipients were older than MAC recipients, median age 59, 59 and 51 years, respectively (P < 0·001) but other disease characteristics were similar. The median follow‐up was 64 months (1–171). Five‐year relapse rates were 25% (21–30), 38% (34–42) and 25% (22–29), after FT, RIC and MAC, respectively, (P < 0·001). NRM was 30% (25–35), 27% (23–30) and 34% (31–38, P = 0·008), respectively. Five‐year OS was 50% (44–55), 43% (38–47), and 43% (39–47), respectively (P = 0·03). In multivariate analysis, FT was associated with a lower risk of relapse (HR 0·55, P < 0·001) and better OS (HR 0·72, P = 0·01). MAC was associated with higher NRM (HR 1·44, P = 0·001). In conclusion, FT is associated with similar low relapse rates as MAC and similar low NRM as RIC, resulting in improved OS. FT may be the preferred regimen for allo‐HCT in MDS.
The Psychoanalyst As Revolutionary
Authors: Karbelnig Alan Michael 
Published: September 2021

By comparing psychoanalytic transformational processes to political revolutions, the author advances the psychoanalytic project in several ways. The analogy extends British object relations theory by elaborating upon Fairbairn's (1952) observation that psychoanalysts arduously compete with their patients' devotions to their internal worlds. In essence, he argues, and by exploiting the ‘mutual but asymmetrical’ (Aron, 1991) intimacy of the psychoanalytic dyad, psychoanalysts foment change in individuals like revolutionaries alter governments. The comparison to political revolutions also highlights how changes in the behaviour of other persons in patients' lives are necessary for transformation. Clinical insurgencies, when successful, alter patients' intra‐psychic structures, interpersonal relationships, and overall behavioural patterns. The paper includes two case examples, one a successful revolution and the other not, as illustrations.
The impact of service and goods offshoring on employment: Firm‐level evidence
Authors: Ornaghi Carmine , Van Beveren Ilke , Vanormelingen Stijn 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe use a newly constructed database of Belgian firms that combines individual transaction‐level data on international trade in goods and services with annual financial accounts to produce fresh evidence on the impact of goods and service offshoring on employment and other firms’ outcomes for both the manufacturing industry and service sector. Our results show that: (i) goods offshoring has a positive impact on employment growth of both low‐ and high‐educated workers in manufacturing, but this effect is substantially reduced when controlling for scale effects, (ii) service offshoring has a negative impact on employment growth among high‐educated workers in the service sector and (iii) the substitutability between offshoring and domestic non‐labour inputs is higher than the one between offshoring and labour.
Evaluating the impact of storytelling in Facebook advertisements on wildlife conservation engagement: Lessons and challenges
Authors: Shreedhar Ganga 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSocial media ad stories are widely used to grow engagement in wildlife conservation. Yet the benefits of different types of story character and content are unclear. In four video stories, we explored the impact of varying the type of protagonist species (Elephant and WildDog) and content about the role of humans in causing wildlife loss (Elephant + HumanAction and WildDog + HumanAction) using Facebook A/B split tests. Counter to prior perceptions that traditional charismatic flagships are more appealing, stories featuring wild dogs—with and without human‐caused harm—elicited higher traffic to a conservation organization's donation website. Only the Elephant video elicited one donation. These results show that storytelling in social media ads, by choosing character and content, can help raise engagement. Yet the failure to raise funds and limitations arising from Facebook's opaque algorithms, underscores the need for greater experimentation to build knowledge about how to convert engagement into donations.
Donor factors and risk of primary graft dysfunction and mortality post lung transplantation: A proposed conceptual framework
Authors: Venkata‐Subramani Mrinalini , Nunley David R. , Roman Jesse 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLung transplantation remains a therapeutic option in end‐stage lung disease. However, despite advances in the field, early allograft function can be compromised by the development of primary graft dysfunction (PGD); this being the leading cause of morbidity and mortality immediately following the lung transplant procedure. Several recipient factors have been associated with increased risk of PGD, but less is known about donor factors. Aging, tobacco, and chronic alcohol use are donor factors implicated, but how these factors promote PGD remains unclear. Herein, we discuss the available clinical data that link these donor factors with outcomes after lung transplantation, and how they might render the recipient susceptible to PGD through a two‐hit process.
A melting pot in the Arctic: Analysis of mitogenome variation in Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) reveals a 1000‐km contact zone between highly divergent lineages
Authors: Jacobsen Magnus W. , Jensen Nana W. , Nygaard Rasmus , Præbel Kim , Jónsson Bjarni , Nielsen Nynne Hjort , Pujolar Jose M. , Fraser Dylan J. , Bernatchez Louis , Hansen Michael M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAnalysing the geographical distribution of evolutionary linages can reveal the potential locations of past refugia and colonisation routes and thus can improve understanding of current patterns of genetic variation and adaptive potential. We analysed 94 full mitogenome sequences to assess phylogeographic relationships amongst ten Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) populations, from western Greenland, eastern Greenland, Iceland and Norway. In addition, we excised D‐loop sequences, which were combined with previously published data in order to provide a circumpolar phylogeographical overview. In western Greenland, a secondary contact zone between Arctic and Atlantic evolutionary lineages was identified, spanning >1000 km, which geographically parallels a similar contact zone in Labrador, Canada. In eastern Greenland, Iceland and Norway, the Atlantic lineage was exclusively observed, whereas the northernmost western Greenland populations belonged to the Arctic lineage. The Arctic and Atlantic lineages were estimated to have diverged ca. 400,000 years BP, corresponding to the onset of the Saale glaciation, whereas the time of the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) of the Arctic lineage was ca. 15,000 years BP. The Atlantic lineage comprised two subclades, with an estimated TMRCA of 60,000 BP, suggesting a complex history involving cryptic refugia or multiple recolonisations. Codon‐based tests revealed no evidence for positive selection within the 13 coding genes, indicating that there are no mitochondrial genetic adaptations within or between lineages. Higher genetic diversity observed within the contact zone likely correlates with higher standing genetic variation that could contribute to adaptive responses and morphological diversification, which Arctic char is renowned.
First record of the bay sucker, Lauritrioza alacris (Flor) (Hemiptera: Triozidae), in Jordan
Authors: Bader Ahmad Katbeh , Al‐Jboory Ibrahim , Al Qaisy Aseel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe bay sucker, Lauritrioza alacris (Flor), is recorded for the first time in Jordan. It was found on bay trees (Laurus nobilis) in home gardens in several localities in the capital Amman. Slide mounts were prepared and voucher specimens were preserved at the University of Jordan Insects Museum. Original images for an adult male and female, their genitalia, head, wings and infestation symptoms on the host are provided. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the number of generations per year, the distribution of the pest, the degree of infestation, the damage caused and to study natural enemies of the pest.
An Experience of Entitlement: The Intersection of High Socioeconomic Status, Self, and Early Recollections
Authors: Levitt‐Frank Mia , Shoshana Avihu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis qualitative study explores the links between high socioeconomic class, self, and adults’ early recollections. Social class affects psychological functioning and the concept of self. Early recollections—specific memories from childhood—depict individuals’ core concepts about self and life. We conducted semi‐structured interviews with 14 high‐socioeconomic‐status participants and elicited at least 3 early recollections per participant (resulting in a total of 50 recollections). Themes that emerged from analysis of the early recollections include a capacity for controlling reality, sense of entitlement, and self‐focus. Sense of entitlement includes the categories of uniqueness, deserving special attention, and taking a critical stand. We view these characteristics as both personal assets and expressions of a collective class‐related superior sense of self. We suggest that together, these qualities serve as a mechanism for cultivating privileges and an elite sense of self. We encourage increased awareness and sensitivity toward the multifaceted power of these resources in educational and therapeutic settings. [social class, self, early recollection, sense of entitlement]חווית זכאות: המפגש בין מעמד סוציו אקונומי גבוה, העצמי וזכרונות מוקדמיםתקציר:מחקר איכותני זה בוחן את היחסים בין מעמד סוציו אקונומי גבוה, מושג‐העצמי וזכרונות מוקדמים של מבוגרים. מעמד חברתי נמצא במחקרים קודמים כקשור במושג העצמי ובתפקוד פסיכולוגי. זכרונות מוקדמים, זכרונות ספציפיים מתקופת הילדות, מייצגים את תפיסות הפרט לגבי העצמי ולגבי החיים. קיימנו ראיונות חצי מובנים עם 14 משתתפים מהמעמד הסוציו אקונומי הגבוה, ואספנו לפחות שלושה זכרונות מוקדמים מכל משתתף (סה”כ חמישים זכרונות). התימות שהופיעו בנתונים כוללות את היכולת לשלוט במציאות, תחושת זכאות ומיקוד בעצמי. תחושת זכאות כוללת קטגוריות של ייחודיות, זכאות לתשומת לב מיוחדת, ונקיטת עמדה ביקורתית. אנו רואים מאפיינים אילו הן כמשאבים אישיים, והן כביטויים של תפיסת עצמ הקשורה למעמד. אנו מציעים שאיכויות אילו ביחד משמשים כמנגנון המטפח תפיסת עצמי אליטיסטית.
Environmental requirements and heterogeneity of rheophilic fish nursery habitats in European lowland rivers: Current insights and future challenges
Authors: Stoffers Twan , Buijse Antonie D. , Verreth Johan A. J. , Nagelkerke Leopold A. J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe large‐scale degradation of riparian ecotones and of the connectivity between rivers and their floodplains has resulted in a drastic decline of rheophilic fish populations in European temperate lowland rivers. Recent river restoration projects have had variable success in effectively restoring these fish populations. Knowledge on nursery habitat requirements is considered essential for effective population restoration. However, a detailed understanding of the role of habitat heterogeneity in young‐of‐the‐year (YOY) fish population development is limited. Therefore, we carried out a synthesis of the available knowledge on nursery habitat requirements of rheophilic fish species found in European temperate lowland rivers (<200 m elevation). From a total of 603 papers, 77 studies with primary information were selected, containing 390 associations between habitat features and YOY fish. As expected, most studies focused on static components of physical riparian habitat. Generally, YOY fish require habitats of shallow depth (<0.5 m), with slow‐flowing water (<0.2 m/s), gentle bank slope (<20°), variety in substratum types (fine sand to gravel), relatively warm water and high food availability. Surprisingly, no clear ontogenetic habitat shifts between larvae and juveniles were found, which may be explained by the limited spatial–temporal resolution of most studies. Since 2011, studies on habitat heterogeneity have increased, but few have explicitly assessed its role in relation to movement patterns of YOY fish for nursery success. Therefore, we recommend that future research focuses on fish movement patterns between habitat patches in heterogeneous (river‐floodplain) environments, to increase the knowledge base for effective recovery of rheophilic fish populations.