bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bewohner*innen mit Parkinson-Syndrom in der stationären Altenhilfe
Authors: Mai Tobias , Ketter Ann-Kathrin 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Parkinson-Syndrome führen im Krankheitsverlauf zur Pflegebedürftigkeit bei den Betroffenen. Zur Prävalenz der Bewohner*innen mit einem Parkinson-Syndrom in Pflegeeinrichtungen, zu ihrer Versorgungssituation und zur vorhandenen Expertise der Pflegefachpersonen in den Einrichtungen ist wenig bekannt.

Ziel der Arbeit
Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die Prävalenzrate der Bewohner*innen mit einem Parkinson-Syndrom in stationären Pflegeeinrichtungen in Deutschland. Die Arbeit exploriert die Zusammenarbeit verschiedener Akteure, deren Koordination sowie Information und Wissen des Pflegepersonals. Ziel ist es, einen möglichen Bedarf an spezialisierter Pflege in Pflegeeinrichtungen aufzuzeigen.

Methode
Die schriftliche Querschnittsbefragung der Wohnbereichsleitungen von 500 zufällig ausgewählten Pflegeeinrichtungen in Deutschland erfolgte von Januar bis Juni 2020. Der eingesetzte Fragebogen wurde vorab literaturbasiert entwickelt. Die Daten wurden deskriptiv analysiert.

Ergebnisse
Aus 57 Einrichtungen wurden Fragebogen von 85 Wohnbereichen analysiert (Rücklaufquote 11,4 %). Die Prävalenzrate von Bewohner*innen mit einem Parkinson-Syndrom in der stationären Altenhilfe beträgt 13,9 %. Mehr als die Hälfte haben zusätzlich eine Demenzdiagnose (52,8 %). In 26 % der Fälle erfolgen Krankenhausaufenthalte infolge von Sturzereignissen. Eine eindeutige Koordination der Versorgung durch ärztliche oder pflegerische Spezialisten gibt es nicht.

Diskussion
Bewohner*innen mit einem Parkinson-Syndrom in der stationären Altenhilfe sind häufig, und sie zeigen komplexe motorische und nichtmotorische Symptome – auch durch die Komorbidität Demenz. Die Häufigkeit von Sturzereignissen mit Krankenhausaufenthalten und die geringe Anzahl Parkinson-Syndrom-spezifischer Hilfsmittel zeigen, dass das Wissen der Pflege vor Ort gesteigert werden kann. Eine zentrale Koordination und Unterstützung hierzu sollten in der stationären Langzeitpflege etabliert werden.
Effect of Compaction Banding on the Hydraulic Properties of Porous Rock - Part II: Constitutive Description and Numerical Simulations
Authors: Leuthold Julia , Gerolymatou Eleni , Triantafyllidis Theodoros 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper the performance of a constitutive model for the description of the hydro mechanical behaviour of soft rock is evaluated with respect to the experimentally observed behaviour of Maastricht Calcarenite under different stress states that is presented in the companion paper. The mechanical model is elasto-plastic and consists of an associated yield surface, internal variables for the description of the hardening and softening behaviour and a non-local extension for the simulation of strain localization in form of shear bands and compaction bands. The model is implemented in the software ABAQUS and the laboratory results from the tests under dry condition with Maastricht Calcarenite are used for the calibration. The good agreement of the numerical results with the laboratory results is shown and the suitability of the model is discussed. To describe the effect of compaction bands on the permeability of soft rocks a simple analytical model based on the Kozeny–Carman equation is proposed and calibrated with the experimental results from drained tests under different stress states for Maastricht Calcarenite rock material. As the results are in good accordance with the experimental results, the model is implemented in the software ABAQUS and the numerical results are presented and discussed. Finally the performance of the model is evaluated and possible improvements are suggested.
Determination of Fracture Toughness of Mode I Fractures from Three-Point Bending Tests at Elevated Confining Pressures
Authors: Yang Hongwei , Krause Michael , Renner Joerg 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFracture toughness is one of the key parameters for the characterization of brittle rock fracturing. Yet, constraints on it mainly rest on measurements performed at ambient pressure, although rock fracturing frequently occurs at elevated pressures even in geotechnical applications. To address the lack of a generally accepted evaluation procedure for tests at elevated pressure we explored the conditions for initiation and propagation of mode I fractures in samples subjected to bending at elevated pressure by numerical modeling and analytical considerations of the involved angular moments. We derived an evaluation procedure and applied it to experimental observations for specimens with either a chevron or a single-edge notch of four different rocks (a granite, a limestone, a marble and a sandstone) subjected to three-point bending at confining pressures up to 30 MPa. Two sealing methods were considered. Specimens were either varnished or jacketed by a rubber tube, differing in whether pressure is allowed to build up inside the pre-fabricated notch or not, respectively. Irrespective of notch geometry and sealing method, the determined toughness values increase significantly with confining pressure. The apparent toughness determined for jacketed specimens is, however, larger than that for varnished specimens, for which toughness seems to reach a plateau with increasing pressure. The similarity of the pressure dependence of the toughness determined for varnished, i.e., uniformly pressurized, samples with that of other physical properties suggests that it is controlled by the closure of pre-existing micro-cracks; the absence of pressure dependence beyond some tens of MPa suggests that non-linearity effects may not be as severe at depths beyond a few kilometers as previously discussed. Our study points to the necessity of resolving numerical issues associated with compressed fractures and of further improving experimental facilities for the determination of fracture toughness at elevated pressure.
Damage Evolution of Coal with Inclusions Under Triaxial Compression
Authors: Zhao Yufeng , Konietzky Heinz , Herbst Martin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlong with the advance of the working face, coal experiences different loading stages. Laboratory tests and numerical simulations of fracture and damage evolution aim to better understand the structural stability of coal layers. Three-dimensional lab tests are performed and coal samples are reconstructed using X-ray computer tomography (CT) technique to get detailed information about damage and deformation state. Three-dimensional discrete element method (DEM)-based numerical models are generated. All models are calibrated against the results obtained from uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) tests and triaxial compression (TRX) tests performed in the laboratory. A new approach to simulate triaxial compression tests is established in this work with significant improved handling of the confinement to get realistic simulation results. Triaxial tests are simulated in 3D with the particle-based code PFC3D using a newly developed flexible wall (FW) approach. This new numerical simulation approach is validated by comparison with laboratory tests on coal samples. This approach involves an updating of the applied force on each wall element based on the flexible nature of a rubber sleeve. With the new FW approach, the influence of the composition (matrix and inclusions) of the samples on the peak strength is verified. Force chain development and crack distributions are also affected by the spatial distribution of inclusions inside the sample. Fractures propagate through the samples easily at low confining pressures. On the contrary, at high confining pressure, only a few main fractures are generated with orientation towards the side surfaces. The evolution of the internal fracture network is investigated. The development of microcracks is quantified by considering loading, confinement, and structural character of the rock samples. The majority of fractures are initiated at the boundary between matrix and inclusions, and propagate along their boundaries. The internal structure, especially the distribution of inclusions has significant influence on strength, deformation, and damage pattern.
p- and hp- virtual elements for the Stokes problem
Authors: Chernov A. , Marcati C. , Mascotto L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe analyse the p- and hp-versions of the virtual element method (VEM) for the Stokes problem on polygonal domains. The key tool in the analysis is the existence of a bijection between Poisson-like and Stokes-like VE spaces for the velocities. This allows us to re-interpret the standard VEM for Stokes as a VEM, where the test and trial discrete velocities are sought in Poisson-like VE spaces. The upside of this fact is that we inherit from Beirão da Veiga et al. (Numer. Math. 138(3), 581–613, 2018) an explicit analysis of best interpolation results in VE spaces, as well as stabilization estimates that are explicit in terms of the degree of accuracy p of the method. We prove exponential convergence of the hp-VEM for Stokes problems with regular right-hand sides. We corroborate the theoretical estimates with numerical tests for both the p- and hp-versions of the method.
Middle leaders translating knowledge about improvement: Making change in the school and preschool organisation
Authors: Nehez Jaana , Blossing Ulf , Gyllander Torkildsen Lisbeth , Lander Rolf , Olin Anette 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article deepens the knowledge of middle leaders’ impact on school improvement and organisation development. More precisely, it focuses on how middle leaders from comprehensive schools and preschools translated improvement strategies and tools from a municipal course on leading school improvement into their own organisations. It is based on interviews with middle leaders, teachers, and principals at two schools and two preschools. Translation theory is used as a theoretical frame. The findings show that the middle leaders translated improvement strategies based on local needs, and for several reasons: for clarification and reduction of roles and improvement areas; structuring improvement work; engaging and involving colleagues in school improvement; and developing a professional culture. When taking the role of translators, the middle leaders became central to progressing the developmental elements of local school organisations. The study recommends investing to provide middle leaders with improvement strategies and an understanding of translation theory to enable translations that aid the development of school organisations.
How wide is the window opened by high-resolution relaxometry on the internal dynamics of proteins in solution?
Authors: Smith Albert A. , Bolik-Coulon Nicolas , Ernst Matthias , Meier Beat H. , Ferrage Fabien 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe dynamics of molecules in solution is usually quantified by the determination of timescale-specific amplitudes of motions. High-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry experiments—where the sample is transferred to low fields for longitudinal (T1) relaxation, and back to high field for detection with residue-specific resolution—seeks to increase the ability to distinguish the contributions from motion on timescales slower than a few nanoseconds. However, tumbling of a molecule in solution masks some of these motions. Therefore, we investigate to what extent relaxometry improves timescale resolution, using the “detector” analysis of dynamics. Here, we demonstrate improvements in the characterization of internal dynamics of methyl-bearing side chains by carbon-13 relaxometry in the small protein ubiquitin. We show that relaxometry data leads to better information about nanosecond motions as compared to high-field relaxation data only. Our calculations show that gains from relaxometry are greater with increasing correlation time of rotational diffusion.
Seasonal deposition of authigenic calcite out of isotopic equilibrium with DIC and water, and implications for paleolimnological studies
Authors: Apolinarska Karina , Pleskot Krzysztof , Pełechata Aleksandra , Migdałek Michał , Pełechaty Mariusz 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe conducted year-round, monthly monitoring of the stable isotope composition of DIC and water in hypereutrophic Lake Kierskie, western Poland, along with isotope measures of calcite collected in sediment traps installed at 16 and 30 m water depth in the lake. Isotope data were supplemented by previously published data on physico-chemical variables in the lake water column. We sought to determine how carbon and oxygen isotopic disequilibria in calcite deposited in the lake’s laminated sediments vary seasonally, and what factors drive this variability. Deposition of calcite out of equilibrium with DIC and water was documented over the entire study period. For δ18O, the disequilibrium difference between successive months far exceeded the amplitude of the seasonal variability in the isotope composition of water. The biggest difference between the measured and calculated δ13Ccalcite and δ18Ocalcite values was observed during late autumn and winter sediment resuspension and redeposition (2.4‰ and 5.4‰, respectively). In the spring, δ13Ccalcite and δ18Ocalcite offsets from equilibria, 0.5‰ and 1.3‰, respectively, resulted from rapid precipitation of large calcite crystals. During summer, intense productivity and processes related to calcifying algae (“vital effects”) caused lower δ13C (0.5–1.8‰) and δ18O (2.8–2.9‰) in calcite. Differences between isotope values of calcite collected from the two water depths were small, and might have resulted from different settling velocities of small and large crystals, and/or preferential dissolution of smaller grains. We suggest that winter laminae should be excluded from isotope studies of varved sediments whenever possible, as they likely contain redeposited carbonate in which the isotope value is not indicative of conditions in the lake at the time of laminae formation. We also recommend supplementing isotope analysis of calcite in varved lake sediments with seasonally resolved analysis of carbonate content. It appears that major shifts in the proportion of carbonate deposited across seasons can cause notable changes in mean annual values of δ18Ocalcite and δ13Ccalcite, even if DIC and water isotopic compositions remain stable.
The Long Arm of an Unsupportive Work-Family Culture in Work Organizations: Crossover to the Partner’s Work-Family Balance Satisfaction in Dual-Earner Couples
Authors: Bernhardt Janine , Bünning Mareike 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study analyzes how an unsupportive organizational work-family culture experienced by one employed parent at work can cross over to their partner and reduce the latter’s satisfaction with work-family balance (WFBS). Workplace cultures that are structured around the “ideal worker” norm have enormous and often detrimental impacts on parents’ abilities to manage work and family roles. Drawing on crossover theory, we argue that these kinds of unsupportive work-family cultures have adverse consequences, not only for working parents but also for their partners. We hypothesize that if one partner experiences an unsupportive work-family culture, they can provide less instrumental and emotional support to the other partner, which reduces the other partner’s WFBS. We use a unique dataset of 556 dual-earner couples with young children surveyed in Germany in 2015 and perform multivariate regression analysis and structural equation modelling. We find robust evidence that mothers were less satisfied with work-family balance if fathers reported an unsupportive work-family culture in their organization. There was only weak evidence, however, for crossover between an unsupportive work-family culture at the mother’s workplace and the father’s WFBS. Mediation analysis suggests that these associations were transmitted in part through reduced emotional support, whereas instrumental support did not appear to play a role. The findings lend support to the argument that an unsupportive work-family culture in one parent’s workplace reduces the emotional support they provide to their partner, which reduces the partner’s WFBS.
Large-Scale RT-qPCR Diagnostics for Seed Potato Certification
Authors: Schumpp Olivier , Bréchon Amanda , Brodard Justine , Dupuis Brice , Farinelli Laurent , Frei Peter , Otten Patricia , Pellet Didier 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEvery year, Agroscope examines nearly 300,000 tubers for the presence of viruses, as regulated for the certification of seed potatoes intended for Swiss growers. Since 2016, this examination has been performed via RT-qPCR on dormant tubers directly after harvest. This method offers fast results and eliminates the need for the use of Rindite, which is a toxic and polluting gaseous compound previously used in Switzerland to break the dormancy of seed tubers. The implementation of this molecular analytical method for the routine diagnosis of regulated viruses makes it possible to conduct additional analyses via Illumina sequencing to assess the conformity of the primers and probes used with the sequences of the different viral isolates. This form of quality control in routine diagnosis is a source of information that can answer more fundamental scientific questions related to the epidemiology of viral strains related to certification. The datasets produced in this framework can also be used to explore the diversity of rare or unknown virus species in potato crops.
NADPH-Oxidasen und HIF: zentrale Elemente der Redoxhomöostase
Authors: Petry Andreas , Görlach Agnes 
Published: March 2021

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) are not only toxic agents but also potent signaling molecules. NADPH oxidases are the sole enzymes to generate ROS playing an important role in redox signaling. They closely interact in several ways with hypoxia-inducible transcription factors of the HIF family. This signaling network is active under normoxic and hypoxic conditions as an important regulator of redox homeostasis. Members of the NADPH oxidases-HIF axis appear as interesting therapeutic targets for various disorders characterized by an impaired redox homeostasis.
Hilfsmittel und Verfahren für zellbasiertes high content imaging
Authors: Gilbert Daniel F. , Friedrich Oliver , Lesko Christian , Hartmann Kristin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCell-based high content imaging has become a versatile and powerful method for studying e. g. cellular viability, morphology or physiology. However, high content imaging and its various applications require complex as well as expensive hardware and consumables, limiting its utility and usability. To broaden the applicability of cell-based high content imaging, we have developed tools and assaying techniques being exemplary portrayed in this article.
Is Improved Survival in Early-Stage Pancreatic Cancer Worth the Extra Cost at High-Volume Centers?
Authors: Perry Lauren M. , Bateni Sarah B. , Bold Richard J. , Hoch Jeffrey S. 
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND:
Volume of operative cases may be an important factor associated with improved survival for early-stage pancreatic cancer. Most high-volume pancreatic centers are also academic institutions, which have been associated with additional healthcare costs. We hypothesized that at high-volume centers, the value of the extra survival outweighs the extra cost.

STUDY DESIGN:
This retrospective cohort study used data from the California Cancer Registry linked to the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development database from January 1, 2004 through December 31, 2012. Stage I-II pancreatic cancer patients who underwent resection were included. Multivariable analyses estimated overall survival and 30-day costs at low- vs high-volume pancreatic surgery centers. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) and incremental net benefit (INB) were estimated, and statistical uncertainty was characterized using net benefit regression.

RESULTS:
Of 2,786 patients, 46.5% were treated at high-volume centers and 53.5% at low-volume centers. There was a 0.45-year (5.4 months) survival benefit (95% CI 0.21–0.69) and a $7,884 extra cost associated with receiving surgery at high-volume centers (95% CI $4,074–$11,694). The ICER was $17,529 for an additional year of survival (95% CI $7,997–$40,616). For decision-makers willing to pay more than $20,000 for an additional year of life, high-volume centers appear cost-effective.

CONCLUSIONS:
Although healthcare costs were greater at high-volume centers, patients undergoing pancreatic surgery at high-volume centers experienced a survival benefit (5.4 months). The extra cost of $17,529 per additional year is quite modest for improved survival and is economically attractive by many oncology standards.
Investigating cyber attacks using domain and DNS data
Authors: Anderson Chad , Conwell John ‘Turbo’ , Saleh Tarik 
Published: March 2021

In July 2020, more than 130 high-profile, verified Twitter accounts were compromised. The accounts, which included the personal accounts of Elon Musk, Bill Gates, Kanye West and then-US presidential candidate Joe Biden, shared tweets calling for people to send money to a bitcoin wallet with the promise that they would be sent back double the amount in return. 1 The majority of cyber attacks leverage the central role that DNS plays in facilitating Internet traffic. From botnets spreading disinformation and undertaking distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks to sophisticated spear-phishing campaigns, attackers typically will set up dozens, hundreds or even thousands of malicious domains to stay one step ahead of detection systems and blacklists. These leave a trail that can provide insight into the attackers’ real motivations and even lead to the perpetrators, explain Chad Anderson, John ‘Turbo’ Conwell and Tarik Saleh of DomainTools.
Going round the twist—an empirical analysis of shell coiling in helicospiral gastropods
Authors: Collins Katie S. , Klapaukh Roman , Crampton James S. , Gazley Michael F. , Schipper C. Ian , Maksimenko Anton , Hines Benjamin R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe logarithmic helicospiral has been the most widely accepted model of regularly coiled molluscan form since it was proposed by Moseley and popularized by Thompson and Raup. It is based on an explicit assumption that shells are isometric and grow exponentially, and an implicit assumption that the external form of the shell follows the internal shape, which implies that the parameters of the spiral could be reconstructed from the external whorl profile. In this contribution, we show that these assumptions fail on all 25 gastropod species we examine. Using a dataset of 176 fossil and modern gastropod shells, we construct an empirical morphospace of coiling using the parameters of whorl expansion rate, translation rate, and rate of increasing distance from coiling axis, plus rate of aperture shape change, from their best-fit models. We present a case study of change in shell form through geologic time in the austral family Struthiolariidae to demonstrate the utility of our approach for evolutionary paleobiology. We fit various functions to the shell-coiling parameters to demonstrate that the best morphological model is not the same for each parameter. We present a set of R routines that will calculate helicospiral parameters from sagittal sections through coiled shells and allow workers to compare models and choose appropriate sets of parameters for their own datasets. Shell-form parameters in the Struthiolariidae highlight a hitherto neglected hypothesis of relationship between Antarctic Perissodonta and the enigmatic Australian genus Tylospira that fits the biogeographic and stratigraphic distribution of both genera.