bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and optimization of the peel performance of a heat sealed topfilm and bottomweb undergoing cool processing
Authors: Bamps Bram , De Ketelaere Bart , Wolf Johanna , Peeters Roos 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEasy opening of heat sealable tray and topfilm food packaging concepts is often realized by using a peelable seal layer. Peel strength needs to be strong enough to prevent the package from opening during and after storage, transportation and handling at different environmental temperatures. It also needs to be weak enough to be convenient for an ageing population. When designing packaging concepts, a balance needs to be found assuring food quality, safety and convenience. This study presents a method to evaluate and optimize peel performance of a packaging concept with polyethylene seal layer undergoing cool processing at −18°C and 4°C. A design of experiment approach is used as a basis. With a limited amount of tests, models are fitted and experimentally validated to obtain an optimal peel strength of 0.5 N mm−1 at an environmental temperature of 23°C. When measured during thermal treatment at −18°C and 4°C, the peel strength increased but no effect was seen once the seals are tested at 23°C after treatment. Bending of the bottomweb during the peel test slightly decreased peel strength while bending stiffness increased at low temperatures, suggesting a minor impact of bending of the bottomweb related to environmental temperature on the observed peel performance. Increased peel strengths during cool processing were clearly related to a change in seal failure mechanism. Besides cohesive peeling, partial delamination occurred in these stronger seals.
Magnetoelectric Coupling Triggered by Noncollinear Magnetic Structure in M‐Type Hexaferrite
Authors: Shao Ye , Huang Fengzhen , Zhang Junting , Yan Shuo , Xiao Shuyu , Lu Xiaomei , Zhu Jinsong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDirect magnetoelectric (ME) coupling between magnetic and ferroelectric orders, which can be realized in spiral magnets, is vital in technological applications of multifunctional materials. Multisusceptible BaFe12O19 is noteworthy for its excellent magnetic, dielectric properties and thus the application in high‐density information storage, while its collinear spin structure limits the emergence of ferroelectrics and ME coupling. In this work, nonzero Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya (DM) interaction is created by partial substitution of the spin‐down Fe3+ sites to induce conical spin structure in BaFe12O19. Larger In3+ ions are introduced and prefer to occupy the spin‐down 4f1 and 4f2 lattice sites. The evolution of magnetization versus temperature adduces evidence of conical magnetic structure. As a result, direct ME and magnetodielectric coupling are obtained in In‐doped BaFe12O19 ceramics. An interlayer DM interaction model is built to discuss the intrinsic relationship among crystal structure, noncollinear magnetic structure, and ionic substitution. Moreover, BaZn0.9Zr0.9Fe10.2O19 ceramics are also prepared, and exhibit noncollinear magnetic structure and direct ME coupling since Zn2+ and Zr4+ also possess larger radii than Fe3+ and prefer to enter the spin‐down sites. The present result provides a feasible avenue to develop multiferroic and magnetoelectric coupling in ubiquitous M‐type hexaferrite.
Four‐Photon Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger Entanglement via Collective Two‐Photon Coherence in Doppler‐Broadened Atoms
Authors: Park Jiho , Kim Heonoh , Moon Han Seb 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBright, entangled multiphoton sources based on atom–photon interactions are an essential requirement in the realization of several quantum information and quantum computation schemes based on photonic quantum systems. Here, a four‐photon polarization‐entangled Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state obtained from Doppler‐broadened atomic ensembles of 87Rb atoms is experimentally demonstrated. Owing to collective two‐photon coherence in the Doppler‐broadened cascade‐type atomic system, the setup enables the generation of robust four‐photon GHZ states with a fidelity of 82.1% and a measured four‐photon average coincidence rate of 0.58 s−1. It is believed that the generation of such bright and stable multiphoton GHZ states from atomic media is an important step toward realizing photonic quantum computation and practical quantum networks based on atom–photon interactions.
Preparation of Gadolinium‐Based Metal‐Organic Frameworks and the Modification with Boron‐10 Isotope: A Potential Dual Agent for MRI and Neutron Capture Therapy Applications
Authors: Icten Okan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCancer has recently begun to occur very commonly in humans, and the number of new cancer cases and deaths is also increasing year by year. To reduce these numbers, the development of new materials, which have the potential to be used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, is very significant for sensitively detecting and effectively destroying cancer cells. Therefore, this work purposes the development of gadolinium‐based metal‐organic frameworks (Gd‐MOFs) via solvothermal method under various conditions such as the use of different ligands types, the presence or absence of PVP and variable ligand/metal ratios, and the preparation of silica‐coated and 10B modified Gd‐MOF nanocomposites to fabricate as the potential candidate for simultaneous uses in MRI and the combined neutron capture therapy (GdNCT and BNCT) applications. The XRD patterns of Gd‐MOFs showed the formation of [Gd2(BDC)3(DMF)2(H2O)] structures with 1,4 H2BDC ligand and [Gd(BTC)] structures with 1,3,5 H3BTC ligand. In the presence of PVP by using the least amount of ligands, experimental ligand/Gd ratios were calculated as 1.52 and 1.06 for [Gd2(BDC)3(DMF)2(H2O)] and [Gd(BTC)], respectively, which are very close to theoretical ratio. After the silica coating and 10B modification, the surface appearance of the prepared nanocomposite changed in general, and Gd/10B ratio into nanocomposite was calculated as 3.0, indicating that it could be a useful candidate for the simultaneous GdBNCT and MRI applications.
Emerging Spacers‐Based Ligands for Supramolecular Coordination Complexes
Authors: Mishra Isha , Bhol Mamina , Kalimuthu Palanisamy , Sathiyendiran Malaichamy 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe design and self‐assembly of supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs) i. e., discrete cyclic metalloarchitectures such as cycles, cages, mesocates, and helicates with desired size, shape, and properties have been increasing exponentially owing to their potential applications in molecular sensors, molecular cargos, molecular recognition, and catalysis. The introduction of the organic motifs and metal complexes as a spacer provides functionality to the metalloarchitecture. This review mainly focusses on newly evolving spacer based ligands employed to yield simple to high‐order metallosupramolecular assemblies using straight‐forward approaches. The new spacers including corannulene, organic cyclic framework, bicyclic organic motifs, aliphatic chain, metalloligands, triarylboron, BODIPY, azaphosphatrane, phosphine, and thio/selenophosphates offer a great set of properties and in‐built functionalities to the metalloarchitectures which are discussed in this review.
The post‐acquisition performance of cross‐border mergers and acquisitions conducted by Chinese firms in the high‐tech industries: Profitable or innovative?
Authors: Yang Monica , Ai Qi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article examines the characteristics and performance of cross‐border mergers and acquisitions (M&As) conducted by Chinese firms in the high‐tech industries. Multiple measures of firm performance were used in exploring the profitability and innovativeness of both the acquiring and target firms. With 1,340 cross‐border M&As completed between 1990 and 2014, the major characteristics of these deals (e.g., industries of acquiring firms, countries of target firms, and the level of ownership) were identified. In terms of the performance of acquiring and target firms, the value creation hypothesis was supported by the innovation measure; however, it was not supported by accounting‐based measures. The implications of this study and directions for future research are thus discussed.
Increasing the Activity of Copper Guanidine Quinoline Catalysts: Substitution at the Quinoline Backbone Leads to Highly Active Complexes for ATRP
Authors: Kröckert Konstantin W. , Mannsperger Johannes S. , Rösener Thomas , Hoffmann Alexander , Herres‐Pawlis Sonja 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCopper bromide complexes with the ligands TMG6NO2qu, TMG6Brqu, TMG6Methoxyqu, TMG6NMe2qu, TMG6EHOqu and TMG6dBAqu were examined regarding their activity in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The ligands were inspired by 1,1,3,3‐tetramethyl‐2‐(quinolin‐8‐yl)guanidine (TMGqu) and the substituents have been chosen with a large range between electron withdrawing and donating abilities. The donor properties of the ligands can be strongly influenced and further highly active catalysts based on these systems can be obtained. The ligands with strong donating moieties were in addition modified by alkyl groups to increase the solubility in apolar monomers like styrene. CuI and CuII bromide complexes were crystallised and the structural data correlated to the different substituents and the catalyst activity. The electrochemical potentials E1/2, the equilibrium constants KATRP and rate constants kact and kdeact were determined. Polymerizations of styrene were conducted in solution whereas the catalyst based on TMG6EHOqu shows a good solubility and performance in bulk.
Deep Boltzmann Machines: Rigorous Results at Arbitrary Depth
Authors: Alberici Diego , Contucci Pierluigi , Mingione Emanuele 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA class of deep Boltzmann machines is considered in the simplified framework of a quenched system with Gaussian noise and independent entries. The quenched pressure of a K-layers spin glass model is studied allowing interactions only among consecutive layers. A lower bound for the pressure is found in terms of a convex combination of K Sherrington–Kirkpatrick models and used to study the annealed and replica symmetric regimes of the system. A map with a one-dimensional monomer–dimer system is identified and used to rigorously control the annealed region at arbitrary depth K with the methods introduced by Heilmann and Lieb. The compression of this high-noise region displays a remarkable phenomenon of localisation of the processing layers. Furthermore, a replica symmetric lower bound for the limiting quenched pressure of the model is obtained in a suitable region of the parameters and the replica symmetric pressure is proved to have a unique stationary point.
Fractional Cauchy problem on random snowflakes
Authors: Capitanelli Raffaela , D’Ovidio Mirko 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe consider time-changed Brownian motions on random Koch (pre-fractal and fractal) domains where the time change is given by the inverse to a subordinator. In particular, we study the fractional Cauchy problem with Robin condition on the pre-fractal boundary obtaining asymptotic results for the corresponding fractional diffusions with Robin, Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions on the fractal domain.
Aggressive behavior, emotional, and attention problems across childhood and academic attainment at the end of primary school
Authors: Tamayo Martinez Nathalie , Tiemeier Henning , Luijk Maartje P. C. M. , Law James , van der Ende Jan , Verhulst Frank , Jansen Pauline W. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To assess whether aggressive behavior and emotional problems from early childhood onwards are related to academic attainment at the end of primary education, and whether these associations are independent of attention problems.

Methods
Data on 2546 children participating in a longitudinal birth cohort in Rotterdam were analyzed. Aggressive behavior, attention and emotional problems at ages 1½, 3, 5 and 10 years were assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist. Academic attainment at the end of primary school (12 years of age) was measured with the CITO test, a national Dutch academic test score.

Results
Aggressive behavior from age 1½ to 10 years was negatively associated with academic attainment, but these associations attenuated to non-significance when accounting for comorbid attention problems. For emotional problems, first, only problems at 10 years were associated with poorer academic attainment. Yet, when accounting for attention problems, the association reversed: more emotional problems from 1½ to 10 years were associated with a better academic attainment. Attention problems at ages 1½ to 10 years were negatively associated with academic attainment, independent of comorbid emotional problems or aggressive behavior.

Conclusions
Attention problems across childhood are related to a poorer academic attainment, while emotional problems predicted better academic attainment. Moreover, the relationship between aggressive behavior and academic attainment was explained by comorbid attention problems. Future research should determine the mechanisms through which attention problems and emotional problems affect academic attainment, to inform strategies for the promotion of better educational attainment.
Mitigating high latitude ionospheric scintillation effects on GNSS Precise Point Positioning exploiting 1-s scintillation indices
Authors: Guo Kai , Vadakke Veettil Sreeja , Weaver Brian Jerald , Aquino Marcio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIonospheric scintillation refers to rapid and random fluctuations in radio frequency signal intensity and phase, which occurs more frequently and severely at high latitudes under strong solar and geomagnetic activity. As one of the most challenging error sources affecting Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), scintillation can significantly degrade the performance of GNSS receivers, thereby leading to increased positioning errors. This study analyzes Global Positioning System (GPS) scintillation data recorded by two ionospheric scintillation monitoring receivers operational, respectively, in the Arctic and northern Canada during a geomagnetic storm in 2019. A novel approach is proposed to calculate 1-s scintillation indices. The 1-s receiver tracking error variances are then estimated, which are further used to mitigate the high latitude scintillation effects on GPS Precise Point Positioning. Results show that the 1-s scintillation indices can describe the signal fluctuations under scintillation more accurately. With the mitigation approach, the 3D positioning error is greatly reduced under scintillation analyzed in this study. Additionally, the 1-s tracking error variance achieves a better performance in scintillation mitigation compared with the previous approach which exploits 1-min tracking error variance estimated by the commonly used 1-min scintillation indices. This work is relevant for a better understanding of the high latitude scintillation effects on GNSS and is also beneficial for developing scintillation mitigation tools for GNSS positioning.
Kontaktverbrennungen durch einen Nachtspeicherofen – Unfall oder Misshandlung?
Authors: Kern N. , Potente S. , Verhoff M. A. , Kölzer S. C. 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungEin 7 Monate alter weiblicher Säugling wurde mit Kontaktverbrennungen 2. Grades an beiden Beinen von seinen Eltern in der Notaufnahme eines Krankenhauses vorgestellt. Die Eltern berichteten, das Kind sei unbeaufsichtigt und nur mit einem Body bekleidet gegen den Nachtspeicherofen im Kinderzimmer gekrabbelt. Bei der 10 Tage später durchgeführten klinisch-rechtsmedizinischen Untersuchung zeigten sich streifige, teils parallel zueinander gestellte und gelenkübergreifende Verbrennungen an der rechten Oberschenkelaußen- und Unterschenkelrückaußenseite, an beiden Fußrücken und den Zehen sowie ein flächenhaftes Verbrennungsareal an der linken Unterschenkelaußenseite mit abgrenzbaren streifigen Anteilen.Im Rahmen einer Ortsbegehung der elterlichen Wohnung mit Vermessung und Begutachtung der in der Wohnung befindlichen 3 Nachtspeicheröfen konnte zunächst festgestellt werden, dass sich die Verbrennungsmuster an den Beinen des Kindes mit dem Luftauslassgitter der beiden Nachtspeicheröfen im Wohn- und im Elternschlafzimmer (jeweils identisches Modell), hingegen nicht mit dem des Nachtspeicherofens im Kinderzimmer in Deckung bringen ließen. Für die Begutachtung konnte durch ergänzende Informationen eines technischen Sachverständigen zu den entsprechenden Nachtspeicheröfen und durch eine Literaturrecherche ein möglicher Geschehensablauf rekonstruiert werden.Dieser Fall verdeutlicht zum einen, welche Gefahr für Säuglinge und Kleinkinder von Nachtspeicheröfen ausgehen kann, wenn diese nicht regelrecht gesichert und die Kinder unbeaufsichtigt sind. Zum anderen wird die Bedeutung einer detaillierten und – wenn nötig – interdisziplinären Rekonstruktion, inklusive einer Ortsbegehung, zur Abgrenzung eines möglichen Unfallhergangs von einer Kindesmisshandlung unterstrichen.
Impacts of replanting American ginseng on fungal assembly and abundance in response to disease outbreaks
Authors: Ji Li , Tian Lei , Nasir Fahad , Chang Jingjing , Chang Chunling , Zhang Jianfeng , Li Xiujun , Tian Chunjie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSoil physicochemical properties and fungal communities are pivotal factors for continuous cropping of American ginseng (Panax quinquefoliumL.). However, the response of soil physicochemical properties and fungal communities to replant disease of American ginseng has not yet been studied. High-throughput sequencing and soil physicochemical analyses were undertaken to investigate the difference of soil fungal communities and environmental driver factors in new and old ginseng fields; the extent of replant disease in old ginseng fields closely related to changes in soil properties and fungal communities was also determined. Results indicated that fungal communities in an old ginseng field were more sensitive to the soil environment than those in a new ginseng field, and fungal communities were mainly driven by soil organic matter (SOM), soil available phosphorus (AP), and available potassium (AK). Notably, healthy ginseng plants in new and old ginseng fields may influence fungal communities by actively recruiting potential disease suppressive fungal agents such asAmphinema,Cladophialophora,Cadophora,Mortierella,andWilcoxina. When these key groups and members were depleted, suppressive agents in the soil possibly declined, increasing the abundance of pathogens. Soil used to grow American ginseng in the old ginseng field contained a variety of fungal pathogens, includingAlternaria,Armillaria,Aphanoascus,Aspergillus,Setophoma,andRhexocercosporidium. Additionally, micro-ecological factors affecting disease outbreaks in the old ginseng field included a strengthening in competition relationships, a weakening in cooperation relationships, and a change of trophic strategies among fungal communities.
Access to Essential Surgical Care in Chiapas, Mexico: A System‐Wide Geospatial Analysis
Authors: Carrillo‐Villaseñor Fernando , Fowler Zachary , Moeller Ellie , Roa Lina , Macias Valeria , Koch Rachel , Mohar Sebastián , Caddell Luke , Cervantes Sabrina , Mathews Ian , Riviello Robert , Cervantes‐Trejo Arturo , Meara John G. , Uribe‐Leitz Tarsicio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundLong travel times to reach essential surgical care in Chiapas, Mexico's poorest state, can delay lifesaving procedures and contribute to adverse outcomes. Geographical access to surgical facilities is 1 of the 6 indicators of the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery and has been measured extensively worldwide. Our objective is to determine the population with 2‐h geographical access to facilities capable of performing the Bellwether procedures (laparotomy, cesarean delivery, and open fracture repair). This is the first study in Mexico to assess access to surgical facilities, including both the fragmented public sector and the private sector.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, conducted from June 2019 to January 2020, Bellwether capable surgical facilities from all health systems in Chiapas were geocoded and assessed through on‐site data collection, Ministry of Health databases, and verified via telephone. Geospatial analyses were performed on Redivis.ResultsWe identified 59 Bellwether capable hospitals, with 17.5% (n = 954,460) of the state residing more than 2 h from surgical care in public and private health systems. Of those, 22 facilities had confirmed 24/7 Bellwether capability, and 23% (n = 1,178,383) of the affiliated population resided more than 2 h from these hospitals.ConclusionsOur study shows that the Ministry of Health and employment‐based health coverage could provide timely access to essential surgical care for the majority of the population. However, the fragmentation of the healthcare system leaves a gap that contributes to delays in care and unmet emergency surgical needs.
Yearly evolution of Euro-Atlantic weather regimes and of their sub-seasonal predictability
Authors: Cortesi Nicola , Torralba Verónica , Lledó Llorenç , Manrique-Suñén Andrea , Gonzalez-Reviriego Nube , Soret Albert , Doblas-Reyes Francisco J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIt is often assumed that weather regimes adequately characterize atmospheric circulation variability. However, regime classifications spanning many months and with a low number of regimes may not satisfy this assumption. The first aim of this study is to test such hypothesis for the Euro-Atlantic region. The second one is to extend the assessment of sub-seasonal forecast skill in predicting the frequencies of occurrence of the regimes beyond the winter season. Two regime classifications of four regimes each were obtained from sea level pressure anomalies clustered from October to March and from April to September respectively. Their spatial patterns were compared with those representing the annual cycle. Results highlight that the two regime classifications are able to reproduce most part of the patterns of the annual cycle, except during the transition weeks between the two periods, when patterns of the annual cycle resembling Atlantic Low regime are not also observed in any of the two classifications. Forecast skill of Atlantic Low was found to be similar to that of NAO+, the regime replacing Atlantic Low in the two classifications. Thus, although clustering yearly circulation data in two periods of 6 months each introduces a few deviations from the annual cycle of the regime patterns, it does not negatively affect sub-seasonal forecast skill. Beyond the winter season and the first ten forecast days, sub-seasonal forecasts of ECMWF are still able to achieve weekly frequency correlations of r = 0.5 for some regimes and start dates, including summer ones. ECMWF forecasts beat climatological forecasts in case of long-lasting regime events, and when measured by the fair continuous ranked probability skill score, but not when measured by the Brier skill score. Thus, more efforts have to be done yet in order to achieve minimum skill necessary to develop forecast products based on weather regimes outside winter season.