bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing Magnetic Nanoparticles as Drug Carriers with Simulation of Liver Enzymes for Detoxification to Quit Addiction
Authors: Masoumi Sara , Esmaeili Akbar 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this study magnetic nanoparticles serve as a carrier for delivering the drug to the target. Simulations were done using COMSOL multi-physics and visual molecular dynamics software. In this study, with the help of docking, the structure of buprenorphine with CYP2C8 and CYP3A4 complexes was modeled to function as the main enzymes entering the human body. The crystallographic structure of the complexes is available in the protein database. Interaction of BUP with cell membrane has been investigated in terms of Van der Waals energy and center of mass distance. Our results confirm the stability, appropriateness and low uptake of buprenorphine into the cell membrane. Computational results also confirmed the accuracy of laboratory studies. Due to its hydrophobic properties, buprenorphine retains stability and low adsorption by the cell membranes. Consumption and administration of buprenorphine can be much more effective and efficient in the treatment of withdrawal from modern drug delivery methods. The innovative feature of this project is the study of interactions using molecular dynamics simulation methods and the behavior of these complexes in different environments. Physiological simulations of the body for magnetic force and tensile force due to adhesion were examined utilizing visual molecular dynamics and COMSOL software.
Cultural Differences In On-Line Learning Motivation: A Cross-Sectional Survey Among Chinese And South Asian Undergraduate Medical Students
Authors: Vashisth Manoj Kumar , Mi Yu , Wu Xiumei , Zhang Bensi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic the requirement for On-line learning in the modern world of education has become clear.On-line education provides one such avenue by creating new opportunities for students, faculty, regulators of education, and educational institutions. Cultural diversity has become a defining characteristic of the students bodies.The current study aims to analyse differences in motivation on on-line learning and the impact of their culture.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from 2021.04.04 to 2021.05.03 among the undergraduate Chinese and South Asian students from 5 classes of Chinese students and 6 classes of South Asian students with major of Clinical Medicine at Dali University, Dali, China. The study used a questionnaire which were identical both in Chinese and English language. Platforms of Wen Juan Xing (WJX) and Ding-talk were used to distribute the questionnaire.Results: Based on the statistical analysis results, the structural validity of the bilingual questionnaire was confirmed, the reliability was found to be satisfactory. A total of 433 students questionnaire data from class of 2018 and 2019 were collected, including 173 males (40.00%), 260 females (60.00%), 216 Chinese (49.88%), 99 Indians (22.86%), 51 Nepalese (11.78%), 48 Pakistani (11.09%), 19 from Laos and Cambodia (4.39%) respectively. The total score of Chinese students was highest with Pakistani students showing the lowest. It was found that there were significant differences in score for the dimensions of reinforcement, Affects & emotion, interest and self-efficacy in between Chinese and South Asian students. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that nationality as the key factor influencing the on-line learning motivation of the undergraduate medical students from China and South Asian countries.Conclusions:The results provides with the evidence on the feasibility, as well as information about the potential barriers and the cultural impact to on-line learning in medical education among Chinese and South Asian undergraduate students.
Linkage Mapping of Biomass Production and Composition Traits in a Miscanthus Sinensis Population
Authors: RAVERDY Raphael , LOURGANT Kristelle , MIGNOT Emilie , ARNOULT Stéphanie , BODINEAU Guillaume , GRIVEAU Yves , TANIGUTI Cristiane H. , BRANCOURT-HULMEL Maryse 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Breeding miscanthus for biomass production and composition is essential for targeting high-yielding genotypes suited to different end-uses. Our objective was to understand the genetic determinism of these traits in M. sinensis, according to different plant ages and environmental conditions. A diploid population was established in two locations according to a staggered-start design, which made the “year” effect partitioned into “age” and “growing season” effects. An integrated genetic map of 2,602 SNP markers distributed across 19 LGs, was aligned with the M. sinensis reference genome and spanned 2,770 cM. The QTL mapping was based on Best Linear Unbiased Predictions estimated across three climatic conditions and at least three ages in both locations. 260 and 283 QTL were related to biomass production and composition traits, respectively. In each location, 40%-60% were related to biomass production traits and stable across different climatic conditions and ages, and 30% to biomass composition traits. Ten to fifteen% were stable for both trait types across locations. Twelve QTL clusters were established based on either biomass production or composition traits, and validated by high genetic correlations between the traits. Sixty-two putative M. sinensis genes, related to the cell-wall, were evidenced in the QTL clusters of biomass composition traits, and orthologous to those of sorghum and maize. Twelve of them were differentially expressed and belonged to gene families related to the cell-wall biosynthesis identified in other miscanthus studies. These stable QTL constitute new insights into Marker-Assisted Selection breeding while offering a joint improvement of biomass production or composition traits.
Temporal and Spatial Analysis of the Ecosystem Service Values in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of China Based on Land Use Change
Authors: Zhao Xu , Yi Ping , Xia Jingjing , He Weijun , Gao Xin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Three Gorges Reservoir area (TGRA) has complex geological conditions and a fragile ecological environment. The construction of the Three Gorges Project triggered a series of ecological and environmental issues and social disputes, which have attracted much attention in recent years. However, it is still unclear how the temporal and spatial characteristics of ecosystem service value (ESV) in the TGRA changed in each stage of the Three Gorges Project along with the implementation of some ecological restoration projects. Based on four periods of land use data from 2000 to 2018, the changes in land use were studied and the ecosystem service values (ESVs) were estimated. Then, we analysed the spatial distribution and dynamic changes in ecosystem services. The results showed that from 2000 to 2018, grassland and construction land were the largest land use types showing area reductions and increases and the conversion of cropland to forestland, grassland and construction land represented the most important land type changes. In the past 18 years, due to the increase in forestland and water area, the ESVs increased by 2.7 billion yuan, with a growth rate of 3.46%. From the perspective of contribution rate, the conversion of cropland to forestland had the largest contribution rate to the increase in ESV. The ESV was higher in the northeast and lower in the southwest, and its changes have significant positive autocorrelation in spatial distribution. The hot spots of ESV change were mainly distributed in the main stream of the Yangtze River and the reservoir area. This research provides a reference for land resource allocation and experience for the ecological environment protection and sustainable development of the Yangtze River Basin.
Ultralow-power all-optical switching via a chiral Mach-Zehnder interferometer
Authors: Ruan Yaping , Wu Haodong , Ge Shi-Jun , Tang Lei , Li Zhixiang , Zhang Han , Xu Fei , Hu Wei , Xiao Min , Lu Yan-qing , Xia Keyu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
All-optical switching increasingly plays an important role in optical information processing. However, simultaneous achievement of ultralow power consumption, broad bandwidth and high extinction ratio remains challenging. We experimentally demonstrate an ultralow-power all-optical switching by exploiting chiral interaction between light and optically active material in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). We achieve switching extinction ratio of 20.0(3.8) and 14.7(2.8) dB with power cost of 66.1(0.7) and 1.3(0.1) fJ/bit, respectively. The bandwidth of our all-optical switching is about 4.2 GHz. Our theoretical analysis shows that the switching bandwidth can, in principle, exceed 110 GHz. Moreover, the switching has the potential to be operated at few-photon level. Our all-optical switching exploits a chiral MZI made of linear optical components. It excludes the requisite of high-quality optical cavity or large optical nonlinearity, thus greatly simplifying realization. Our scheme paves the way towards ultralow-power and ultrafast all-optical information processing.
Distortional Extrema and Holes in the Geometric Manifold
Authors: koehler dale 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
It is shown in the present work that the distorted-space model of matter as extended to extreme curvature limits results in characteristics mimicking those of galactic-holes. The distorted-geometry structures exhibit non-Newtonian features wherein the hole or core-region fields of the structure are energetically-repulsive (negative pressure), do not behave functionally in an r-4 manner and terminate at zero at the radial origin (no singularity). Of particular interest is that of r-6 energy-density behavior at structural radial distances near the core of the distortion, a region also displaying potential-well behavior.
Clinical features and laboratory findings first case of B. 1.617.2 (delta) variant concern (VOC) in Iraq
Authors: Essa Rawand A. , Ahmed Sirwan K. , Bapir Dunya H. , Rasul Shero A. , Khdir Awat A. , Abubakr Chawan P. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Since the initial report of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS CoV-2) in Wuhan, China, in 2019, the virus has constantly mutated, resulting in the appearance of novel variants. In December 2020, the B.1.617.2 (delta) variant concern (VOC) was first reported in India, and rapidly spread around the globe, is now the main brand in the United Kingdom, and it has grown dramatically. Here we present the clinical features and laboratory findings of the first case of B. 1.617.2 (delta) variant concern (VOC) in Iraq. A 6-year-old female child presented with severe abdominal pain, headache, severe vomiting, and diarrhea, runny nose, alerted mental status, loss of appetite, and fever. The patient was diagnosed with COVID-19 delta variant B.1.617.2 by RT-PCR. The patient was treated by administration of glucose saline 4% for 3 days, ceftriaxone vial 1 mg every 12 h for 6 days, and an acetaminophen bottle on a need to prevent fever followed by a Flagyl bottle every 24 h for 3 days. Vaccination and prevention the spread of the virus and against it are important preventive approaches for delta variant. Sore throat, runny nose, headache, and vomiting, diarrhea are the major clinical features of the delta variant. This was followed by an elevation of the leukocyte WBC, and blood platelets. To reduce the impact of new delta variant B.1.617.2 infection; handwashing, wearing a double mask, avoiding crowded and closed settings, social distancing, lockdown, and ensuring good ventilation are major significant options against this variant.
Tin and Antimony As Soil Pollutants Along The Railway Lines
Authors: Stančić Zvjezdana , Fiket Željka , Vuger Andreja 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Antimony (Sb) and tin (Sn) in soils along railway lines pose a serious environmental risk. The study, conducted at 60 sites along the 160 km railway line connecting the Croatian capital Zagreb with surrounding smaller settlements and towns, showed pronounced soil Sb and Sn enrichment up to 87 and 33 times the median for European soils, respectively. The total mass fractions of Sb ranged from 0.98 to 52.0 mg/kg and of Sn from 3.04 mg/kg to 97.6 mg/kg. The origin of the enrichment is railway traffic, but precise sources are difficult to define, however available literature points to abrasion from brakes, rails, wheels and overhead wires, exhaust fumes from locomotive engines and cargo waste as predominant sources. The comprehensive data analysis suggested that the Sb and Sn distribution in soils near railway lines was not only conditioned by natural factors such as soil texture, humus content and soil pH, but also by the distance to the tracks, which is not necessarily linear, the site functionality, the topography and the age of the railway line. Observed soil contamination with antimony and tin requires further research to increase knowledge of the impact of railways on Sb and Sn soil content, and to establish safety distances that will ensure the least possible impact of rail traffic on nearby crops and prevent their excessive entry into the food chain.
Interfacial ferroelectricity in marginally twisted 2D semiconductors
Authors: Weston Astrid , Castanon Eli , Enaldiev Vladimir , Ferreira Fabio , Bhattacharjee Shubhadeep , Xu Shuigang , Corte-León Héctor , Wu Zefei , Clark Nicholas , Summerfield Alex , Hashimoto Teruo , Gao Yunze , Wang Wendong , Hamer Matthew , Read Harriet , Fumagalli Laura , Kretinin Andrey , Haigh Sarah , Kazakova Olga , Geim Andre , Fal'ko Vladimir , Gorbachev Roman 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Twisted heterostructures of two-dimensional crystals offer almost unlimited scope for the design of novel metamaterials. Here we demonstrate a room-temperature ferroelectric semiconductor that is assembled using mono- or few- layer MoS2. These van der Waals heterostructures feature broken inversion symmetry, which, together with the asymmetry of atomic arrangement at the interface of two 2D crystals, enables ferroelectric domains with alternating out-of-plane polarisation arranged into a twist-controlled network. The latter can be moved by applying out-of-plane electrical fields, as visualized in situ using channelling contrast electron microscopy. The interfacial charge transfer for the observed ferroelectric domains is quantified using Kelvin probe force microscopy and agrees well with theoretical calculations. The movement of domain walls and their bending rigidity also agrees well with our modelling results. Furthermore, we demonstrate proof-of-principle field-effect transistors, where the channel resistance exhibits a pronounced hysteresis governed by pinning of ferroelectric domain walls. Our results show a potential venue towards room temperature electronic and optoelectronic semiconductor devices with built-in ferroelectric memory functions.
Long-Term Incidence and Timing of Splenic Pseudoaneurysm Formation After Blunt Splenic Injury: A Retrospective, Observational, Descriptive Study
Authors: Hirano Takaki , Iwasaki Yudai , Ono Yuko , Ishida Tokiya , Shinohara Kazuaki 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

Nonoperative management (NOM) has become a standard strategy for hemodynamically stable patients with blunt splenic injury; however, delayed rupture of splenic pseudoaneurysm (SPA) is a serious complication of NOM. In medical literature, data regarding the long-term incidence of SPA are scarce, and the appropriate timing for performing follow-up contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) has not yet been reported. The present study aimed to elucidate the long-term incidence and timing of SPA formation after blunt splenic injury in patients treated with NOM.
Methods

This retrospective, observational, descriptive study was conducted at a tertiary medical center in Japan. Patients with blunt splenic injury who were treated with NOM in the study setting, between April 2014 and August 2020, were included for the analysis. We performed follow-up contrast-enhanced CT for more than 2 weeks in 65% cases to detect SPA formation. The primary outcome was the cumulative incidence of delayed formation of SPA. We also evaluated differences in SPA formation between patients who received transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE; TAE group) and those who did not receive it (non-TAE group) on the admission day.
Results

Among 49 patients with blunt splenic injury who were treated with NOM, 32 underwent follow-up contrast-enhanced CT for over 2 weeks, and 5 of the 32 patients (10.2%) had delayed formation of SPA. All cases of SPA formation occurred within 15 days of injury. The incidence of SPA formation was not significantly different between the TAE and non-TAE groups (5.3% vs. 13.3%, p = 0.67).
Conclusions

SPA developed in approximately 10% of patients within 2 weeks after blunt splenic injury. Therefore, performing follow-up contrast-enhanced CT around this period after injury may be useful to evaluate delayed formation of SPA. Although our findings are novel, they should be confirmed through future studies with a larger sample size.
Changes of Operative Performance of Pulse Pressure Variation As A Predictor of Fluid Responsiveness in a Swine Model of Endotoxin Shock
Authors: Sánchez Jorge Iván Alvarado , Ruiz Juan Daniel Caicedo , Fernández Juan Jose Diaztagle , Tascon Gustavo Adolfo Ospina , Garcia Manuel Ignacio Monge , Ruiz Guillermo Arturo Narvaez , Martínez Luis Eduardo Cruz 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

Several limitations regarding pulse pressure variation (PPV) use have been reported. Our aim was to describe changes in the PPV operative performance as a predictor of fluid responsiveness during the development of a swine endotoxin shock model and to assess hemodynamic variables associated with PPV changes.
Methods

A swine porcine endotoxin shock model was established (E. Coli 055:B5 endotoxin) in 7 pigs, and 3 pigs were included in the control group. The endotoxin was infused until the mean arterial pressure (MAP) dropped below 50 mmHg (TH0); then, the model animal was reanimated with fluids and vasopressors. We performed fluid challenges every hour for 6 hours. ROC curve analysis was conducted. Additionally, a linear mixed model was performed.
Results

The area under the curve (AUC) of PPV decreased from 0.95 (0.81–1.00) to 0.60 (0.17–1.00) at TH0. Its cutoff increased from 10.5–22.00% at TH0. PPV showed an inverse relationship with stroke volume, mean systemic filling pressure (MSFP), MAP, and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) (p < 0,001, AIC = 111.85).
Conclusions

The PPV operative performance as a predictor of fluid responsiveness decreased with the progression of endotoxic shock. This result could be due to the inverse association with MAP and SVR.
Development of A Rational Framework For Understanding The Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation In Calf Diarrhea Prevention
Authors: Islam Jahidul , Tanimizu Masae , Shimizu Yu , Goto Yoshiaki , Ohtani Natsuki , Sugiyama Kentaro , Tatezaki Eriko , Sato Masumi , Makino Eiji , Shimada Toru , Ueda Chise , Matsuo Ayumi , Suyama Yoshihisa , Sakai Yoshifumi , Furukawa Mutsumi , Usami Katsuki , Yoneyama Hiroshi , Aso Hisashi , Tanaka Hidekazu , Nochi Tomonori 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Establishing fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to prevent multifactorial diarrhea in calves is challenging because of differences in farm management practices, the lack of optimal donors, and recipient selection. In this study, the underlying factors of successful and unsuccessful FMT trials are elucidated, and the potential markers for predicting successful FMT are identified using fetal metagenomics via 16S rRNA gene sequencing, fecal metabolomics via CE-TOFMS, and machine-learning approaches. Results: 20 FMT trials, in which feces from healthy donors were intrarectally transferred into recipient diarrheal calves, were conducted with a success rate of 70%. Selenomonas was identified as a microorganism genus that showed significant donor–recipient compatibility in successful trials. A strong positive correlation between the microbiome and metabolome data, which is a prerequisite factor for FMT success, was confirmed by Procrustes analysis in successful trials (r = 0.7439, P = 0.0001). Additionally, weighted correlation network analysis confirmed the positively or negatively correlated pairs of bacterial taxa (family Veillonellaceae) and metabolomic features (i.e., amino acids and short chain fatty acids) responsible for FMT success. Further analysis aimed at establishing criteria for donor selection identified the genus Sporobacter as a potential biomarker in successful donor selection. Low levels of metabolites, such as glycerol 3-phosphate, dihydroxyacetone phosphate, and isoamylamine, in the donor or recipients prior to FMT are predicted to facilitate FMT. Conclusions: Overall, we provide the first substantial evidence of the factors related to FMT success or failure; these findings could improve the design of future microbial therapeutics for preventing diarrhea in calves.
Dietary Fiber Reduces the Concentrations of Certain Aldehydes in Serum
Authors: Shi Shi , Zhu Qingqing , Liao Shengen , Zhu Xu , Tang Xiaosu , Zhou Yanli 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Aldehydes have been shown to be potentially carcinogenic, mutagenic, and cardiotoxic to humans. Dietary fiber reduces exposure to certain environmental pollutants and has been widely used to improve various metabolic disorders. However, the effects of dietary fiber on serum concentrations of aldehydes remain unexplored. We collected data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2014. Generalized linear regression and restricted cubic spline models were performed to elucidate the association of dietary fiber intake with the serum concentration of aldehydes. After fully adjusting for age, sex, education level, race, smoking status, alcohol use, diabetes, hypertension, body mass index, energy intake, poverty-income ratio and physical activity, dietary fiber intake had a strong negative association with serum levels of isopentanaldehyde and propanaldehyde and a positive association with serum levels of benzaldehyde. The estimated increases in the mean log2-unit (ng/mL) of aldehydes for each fold increase in dietary fiber ranged from − 0.155 (95% confidence intervals [CI]: -0.210 to -0.101) for isopentanaldehyde to -0.053 (95% CI: -0.094 to -0.011) for propanaldehyde and 0.156 (95% CI: 0.091 to 0.222) for benzaldehyde. No significant association was observed between dietary fiber intake and the concentration of any other aldehydes. These results demonstrate that dietary fiber reduces the concentration of certain aldehydes in serum.