bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Midterm results of pulmonary artery plasty with in vivo tissue-engineered vascular grafts
Authors: Nakatsuji Hiroki , Yamagishi Masaaki , Maeda Yoshinobu , Itatani Keiichi , Fujita Shuhei , Hongu Hisayuki , Yaku Hitoshi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

We evaluated the application of in vivo tissue-engineered vascular graft (in vivo TEVG) in pulmonary artery (PA) reconstruction as a substitute for autologous pericardium. From July 2017 to April 2020, 4 patients (male:female = 2:2) with major aortopulmonary collateral arteries underwent PA reconstruction with in vivo TEVGs. Graft moulds were embedded into the subcutaneous spaces in the first palliative surgery. In the second surgery used in vivo TEVGs were used as patch materials to treat PA stenosis. Preoperative and postoperative PA configurations were evaluated by computed tomography. Patients’ median age and body weight were 1.6 (1–4) years and 8.7 (7.3–15.4) kg, respectively. Two patients underwent PA reconstruction during staged repair and 2 underwent reconstruction during definitive repair. One patient had postoperative PA restenosis due to bronchial compression; re-PA reconstruction with in vivo TEVGs was performed. On histological examination, the in vivo TEVG wall mainly comprised collagen fibres and a small number of fibroblasts. The midterm results of this technique are satisfactory. in vivo TEVGs could be a promising alternative to autologous pericardium for paediatric cardiovascular surgeries requiring multi-stage operations.

Clinical trial registration
ERB-C-162
Implications of different definitions for aortic arch classification provided by contemporary guidelines on thoracic aortic repair
Authors: Marrocco-Trischitta Massimiliano M , Glauber Mattia 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Contemporary guidelines on thoracic aortic repair provide inconsistent reporting standards for the definition of aortic arch classification in Types I, II and III. The different reported criteria cannot be used interchangeably, due to a very low level of concordance, and this finding has relevant implications for the comparisons between studies using different classifications, and between different datasets of multicentre trials, which are not consistently analyzed with the same criteria. Also, the reported definitions, which were originally proposed for predicting difficult carotid stenting and therefore were conceived for healthy aortic arches, can be influenced by the pathological derangements of the aortic wall, including aneurysms and dissections. In this respect, the Madhwal’s classification, which is based on the diameter of the left common carotid artery, appears to be the more suitable one for aortic arch classification in patients with thoracic aortic disease because it provides relevant clinical information along with an adequate reproducibility.
The development of undergraduate pharmacy students as reflective thinkers for the evolving field of pharmacy
Authors: Nazar Hamde , Rathbone Adam , Husband Andrew 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Iterative reflective practice is recognised to support learners’ formation of humanism and resilience, facilitating the healthy development of professional identity. In one undergraduate pharmacy programme, students experience a series of seminars to develop their understanding and skills in the practice of reflection and its articulation. In Stage (year) 4, students engage in a reflection conference where they present a reflective account of a ‘Significant Learning Event’ or their journey ‘From Student to Professional’. Student abstracts from this conference were investigated to explore the nature of the reflective practice.

Methods
The student abstracts submitted for the reflection conference in the academic years 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 were subjected to manifest and latent content analysis to investigate what and how students chose to reflect. This was supplemented by the ethnographic approach of the researchers, who attended, observed and engaged with students at the event.

Key findings
107 abstracts were submitted across the cohorts. Students reflected mainly upon experiences across a range of extra- and co-curricular activities, and reported significant learning, according to Fink’s taxonomy, mainly in the human dimension, caring and learning to learn.

Conclusions
At the culmination of the reflection educational strand within this programme, students demonstrated purposeful, deliberate introspection and metacognition in their abstracts for the reflection conference. These skills are fundamental to support transformative learning, whereby students have the ability to self-regulate and critique their frames of reference with autonomy and flexibility that will enable them to most effectively engage and benefit from lifelong learning within the profession.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis: Immune Evasion Mechanisms and Pathogenic Disease Pathways
Authors: Darville Toni 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) results from ascension of sexually transmitted pathogens from the lower genital tract to the uterus and/or fallopian tubes in women, with potential spread to neighboring pelvic organs. Patients may present acutely with lower abdominal or pelvic pain and pelvic organ tenderness. Many have subtle symptoms or are asymptomatic and present later with tubal factor infertility, ectopic pregnancy, or chronic pelvic pain. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis are the 2 most commonly recognized PID pathogens. Their ability to survive within host epithelial cells and neutrophils highlights a need for T-cell–mediated production of interferon γ in protection. Data indicate that for both pathogens, antibody can accelerate clearance by enhancing opsonophagocytosis and bacterial killing when interferon γ is present. A study of women with N. gonorrhoeae– and/or C. trachomatis–induced PID with histologic endometritis revealed activation of myeloid cell, cell death, and innate inflammatory pathways in conjunction with dampening of T-cell activation pathways. These findings are supported by multiple studies in mouse models of monoinfection with N. gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia spp. Both pathogens exert multiple mechanisms of immune evasion that benefit themselves and each other at the expense of the host. However, similarities in host immune mechanisms that defend against these 2 bacterial pathogens instill optimism for the prospects of a combined vaccine for prevention of PID and infections in both women and men.
Comparison of Capillary Versus Venous Blood for the Diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Using Rapid Diagnostic Tests
Authors: Gorret Abalinda M , Muhindo Rabbison , Baguma Emma , Ntaro Moses , Mulogo Edgar M , Deutsch-Feldman Molly , Juliano Jonathan J , Nyehangane Dan , Boyce Ross M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We enrolled 250 febrile children in western Uganda to compare the results of malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) when using capillary vs venous blood. Participants were tested with 4 different RDT types. Polymerase chain reaction testing was performed as the reference standard. Sensitivity and specificity were broadly similar across RDT types and sampling method. Agreement between sample type was high, ranging from 0.95 to 0.99. When following the manufacturer’s recommended interpretation, only 5 tests would have resulted in a different clinical diagnosis. These results demonstrate that malaria RDTs perform similarly when using capillary or venous blood in febrile children with Plasmodium falciparum malaria.
Long-term Memory Response After a Single Intramuscular Rabies Booster Vaccination 10–24 Years After Primary Immunization
Authors: De Pijper Cornelis A , Langedijk Annefleur C , Terryn Sanne , Van Gucht Steven , Grobusch Martin P , Goorhuis Abraham , Stijnis Cornelis 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Published data regarding long-lasting immunological rabies memory after pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) are scarce. We tested the hypothesis that rabies booster immunization elicits rapid anamnestic responses.

Methods
For this observational study, we included participants who had received PrEP 10–24 years before inclusion. We measured rabies antibody titers before, and on days 3, 7, and 14 after a single intramuscular booster.

Results
All 28 participants responded adequately regardless of route of administration or 2-dose vs 3-dose PrEP regimen.

Conclusion
Rabies immunological memory is reactivated within 7 days after a single intramuscular booster immunization, even when administered 10–24 years after PrEP.
Immune Profiling to Determine Early Disease Trajectories Associated With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Mortality Rate: A Substudy from the ACTT-1 Trial
Authors: Thiede Joshua M , Gress Abigail R , Libby Samuel D , Ronayne Christine E , Matchett William E , Noren Brooke , Billings Joanne L , Menachery Vineet D , Langlois Ryan A , Kline Susan , Bold Tyler D 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes are linked to host immune responses and may be affected by antiviral therapy. We investigated antibody and cytokine responses in ACTT-1 study participants enrolled at our center. We studied serum specimens from 19 hospitalized adults with COVID-19 randomized to treatment with remdesivir or placebo. We assessed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibody responses and identified cytokine signatures, using hierarchical clustering. We identified no clear immunologic trends attributable to remdesivir treatment. Seven participants were initially seronegative at study enrollment, and all 4 deaths occurred in this group with more recent symptom onset. We identified 3 dominant cytokine signatures, demonstrating different disease trajectories.
Application of artificial neural network for lubrication performance evaluation of rough elliptic bore journal bearing
Authors: Pradhan Sushanta Kumar , Mishra Prabhudatta , Mishra Prakash Chandra 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this study, rough elliptic bore journal bearing performance is predicted using an artificial neural network (ANN) technique. The effects of non-circularity and roughness are quantified to elliptic and isotropic in macro and micro scale, respectively. The numerically estimated performance parameters like load, friction, and flow-in at different eccentricities [0.3 (low), 0.5 (medium), and 0.8 (high)], non-circularities [0.5 (low), 1.0 (medium), and 2.0 (high)], and roughness factors [0.1 (low), 0.2 (medium), 0.3 (medium), and 0.4 (high)] are used to train and build the ANN model. The training continued until the maximum mean square error is achieved, and the best-fitting plot is generated. With a confidence level of 99.75% or an R-value of 0.99757, the results predicted are found to be satisfactory.
A need for clarification of the energy solidarity principle: what can be learned from the GeneralCourt’s judgment in the OPAL case?
Authors: Iakovenko Mykola 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The EU Court of Justice General Court’s judgment in Case T-883/16 on withdrawal of the Commission’s decision on the exemptions for the OPAL pipeline (an onshore continuation of Nord Stream 1) from some of the provisions of EU legislation in gas sphere on the basis of non-compliance with the principle of energy solidarity may have a great impact on the development of EU gas market with regard to balancing different approaches to external gas supply. This case may also raise some concerns on EU energy legislation from the point of view of impact of political goals on the regulation of the market. Having regard to these issues, the article analyses this case from the perspective of EU case law on application of the solidarity principle to point out the main legal aspects of utilization of this principle and crystallize it from non-legal biases. The article also provides a holistic assessment of the general application of the solidarity principle in the energy sphere and identifying the main gaps on the example of the OPAL case judgment.
Look before you leap: are your oil patch liability clauses enforceable?: (An analysis under civil law jurisdictions with emphasis on Brazil)
Authors: Nadorff Norman , Gomes Maria Beatriz 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The oil and gas industry requires huge investments involving extraordinary financial, environmental and safety risks. Dramatic images of the Deepwater Horizon (Gulf of Mexico, 2010), Alpha Piper (Scotland, 1988), P-51 (Brazil, 2001) and Campeche (Mexico, 1979) disasters offer chilling reminders of the monumental loss of life, property and environmental integrity that can quickly result from human error. With this backdrop, industry participants and their insurers learned early on that the normal fault-based approach to wellsite liability did not fit the nature and needs of the petroleum business.
This article analyzes the risks inherent in applying the laws of a civil law jurisdiction to an oil and gas wellsite contract based on common law principles, with special emphasis on Brazil. It first briefly describes the traditional common law approach to liability allocation in wellsite contracts, including “knock-for-knock” principles (“K4K”). Next, it outlines the traditional civil law approach to liability (responsbilité) through French and Brazilian prisms. The authors do not deeply discuss the pros and cons of K4K clauses nor the policy implications of anti-indemnity statutes. Rather, they assume the reader is contemplating the negotiation of a wellsite services contract subject to the laws of a civil law jurisdiction, and describe the relevant risks and possible mitigation strategies.
Organic acids: versatile stress-response roles in plants
Authors: Panchal Poonam , Miller Anthony J , Giri Jitender 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Organic acids (OAs) are central to cellular metabolism. Many plant stress responses involve the exudation of OAs at the root–soil interface, which can improve soil mineral acquisition and toxic metal tolerance. Because of their simple structure, the low-molecular-weight OAs are widely studied. We discuss the conventional roles of OAs, and some newly emerging roles in plant stress tolerance. OAs are more versatile in their role in plant stress tolerance and are more efficient chelating agents than other acids, such as amino acids. Root OA exudation is important in soil carbon sequestration. These functions are key processes in combating climate change and helping with more sustainable food production. We briefly review the mechanisms behind enhanced biosynthesis, secretion, and regulation of these activities under different stresses, and provide an outline of the transgenic approaches targeted towards the enhanced production and secretion of OAs. A recurring theme of OAs in plant biology is their role as ‘acids’ modifying pH, as ‘chelators’ binding metals, or as ‘carbon sources’ for microbes. We argue that these multiple functions are key factors for understanding these molecules’ important roles in plant stress biology. Finally, we discuss how the functions of OAs in plant stress responses could be used, and identify the important unanswered questions.
Smart glass impacts stomatal sensitivity of greenhouse Capsicum through altered light
Authors: Zhao Chenchen , Chavan Sachin , He Xin , Zhou Meixue , Cazzonelli Christopher I , Chen Zhong-Hua , Tissue David T , Ghannoum Oula 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Optical films that alter light transmittance may reduce energy consumption in high-tech greenhouses, but their impact on crop physiology remains unclear. We compared the stomatal responses of Capsicum plants grown hydroponically under control glass (70% diffuse light) or the smart glass (SG) film ULR-80, which blocked &gt;50% of short-wave radiation and ~9% of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). SG had no significant effects on steady-state (gs) or maximal (gmax) stomatal conductance. In contrast, SG reduced stomatal pore size and sensitivity to exogenous abscisic acid (ABA), thereby increasing rates of leaf water loss, guard cell K+ and Cl– efflux, and Ca2+ influx. SG induced faster stomatal closing and opening rates on transition between low (100 µmol m–2 s–1) and high PAR (1500 µmol m–2 s–1), which compromised water use efficiency relative to control plants. The fraction of blue light (0% or 10%) did not affect gs in either treatment. Increased expression of stomatal closure and photoreceptor genes in epidermal peels of SG plants is consistent with fast stomatal responses to light changes. In conclusion, stomatal responses of Capsicum to SG were more affected by changes in light intensity than spectral quality, and re-engineering of the SG should maximize PAR transmission, and hence CO2 assimilation.
RNA architecture influences plant biology
Authors: Zhu Jiaying , Li Changhao , Peng Xu , Zhang Xiuren 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe majority of the genome is transcribed to RNA in living organisms. RNA transcripts can form astonishing arrays of secondary and tertiary structures via Watson–Crick, Hoogsteen, or wobble base pairing. In vivo, RNA folding is not a simple thermodynamic event of minimizing free energy. Instead, the process is constrained by transcription, RNA-binding proteins, steric factors, and the microenvironment. RNA secondary structure (RSS) plays myriad roles in numerous biological processes, such as RNA processing, stability, transportation, and translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Emerging evidence has also implicated RSS in RNA trafficking, liquid–liquid phase separation, and plant responses to environmental variations such as temperature and salinity. At molecular level, RSS is correlated with splicing, polyadenylation, protein synthesis, and miRNA biogenesis and functions. In this review, we summarize newly reported methods for probing RSS in vivo and functions and mechanisms of RSS in plant physiology.
Spectroscopic study of the [O iii]λ5007 profile in Seyfert 1 galaxies
Authors: Schmidt Eduardo O , Baravalle Laura D , Rodríguez-Kamenetzky Adriana R 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The spectra of active galactic nuclei usually exhibit wings in some emission lines, such as [O iii]λλ5007, 4959, with these wings generally being blueshifted and related to strong winds and outflows. The aim of this work was to analyse the [O iii] emission lines in broad-line Seyfert 1 (BLS1) galaxies in order to detect the presence of wings, and to study the [O iii] line properties and their possible connection with the central engine. In addition, we attempted to compare the black hole mass distribution in both BLS1 galaxies with symmetric and blue-asymmetric [O iii] profiles. For this purpose, we carried out a spectroscopic study of a sample of 45 nearby southern BLS1 galaxies from the Six Degree Field Galaxy survey. The [O iii] emission lines were well-fitted using a single Gaussian function in 23 galaxies, while 22 objects presented a wing component and required a double-Gaussian decomposition. By computing the radial velocity difference between the wing and core centroids (i.e. Δv), we found 18 galaxies exhibiting blueshifted wings, 2 objects presenting red wings, and 2 galaxies showing symmetric wings (Δv = 0). Moreover, Δv was slightly correlated with the black hole mass. In addition, we computed the radial velocity difference of the blue-side full extension of the wing relative to the centroid of the core component through the blue emission parameter, which revealed a correlation with black hole mass, in agreement with previous results reported for narrow-line galaxies. Finally, in our sample, similar black hole mass distributions were observed in both BLS1 galaxies with symmetric and blueshifted asymmetric [O iii] profiles.
Pneumococcal Colonization and Virulence Factors Identified Via Experimental Evolution in Infection Models
Authors: Green Angharad E , Howarth Deborah , Chaguza Chrispin , Echlin Haley , Langendonk R Frèdi , Munro Connor , Barton Thomas E , Hinton Jay C D , Bentley Stephen D , Rosch Jason W , Neill Daniel R 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a commensal of the human nasopharynx and a major cause of respiratory and invasive disease. We examined adaptation and evolution of pneumococcus, within nasopharynx and lungs, in an experimental system where the selective pressures associated with transmission were removed. This was achieved by serial passage of pneumococci, separately, in mouse models of nasopharyngeal carriage or pneumonia. Passaged pneumococci became more effective colonizers of the respiratory tract and we observed several examples of potential parallel evolution. The cell wall-modifying glycosyltransferase LafA was under strong selection during lung passage, whereas the surface expressed pneumococcal vaccine antigen gene pvaA and the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene gpsA were frequent targets of mutation in nasopharynx-passaged pneumococci. These mutations were not identified in pneumococci that were separately evolved by serial passage on laboratory agar. We focused on gpsA, in which the same single nucleotide polymorphism arose in two independently evolved nasopharynx-passaged lineages. We describe a new role for this gene in nasopharyngeal carriage and show that the identified single nucleotide change confers resistance to oxidative stress and enhanced nasopharyngeal colonization potential. We demonstrate that polymorphisms in gpsA arise and are retained during human colonization. These findings highlight how within-host environmental conditions can determine trajectories of bacterial evolution. Relative invasiveness or attack rate of pneumococcal lineages may be defined by genes that make niche-specific contributions to bacterial fitness. Experimental evolution in animal infection models is a powerful tool to investigate the relative roles played by pathogen virulence and colonization factors within different host niches.
Persistent Spinal Pain Syndrome: A Proposal for Failed Back Surgery Syndrome and ICD-11
Authors: Christelis Nick , Simpson Brian , Russo Marc , Stanton-Hicks Michael , Barolat Giancarlo , Thomson Simon , Schug Stephan , Baron Ralf , Buchser Eric , Carr Daniel B , Deer Timothy R , Dones Ivano , Eldabe Sam , Gallagher Rollin , Huygen Frank , Kloth David , Levy Robert , North Richard , Perruchoud Christophe , Petersen Erika , Rigoard Philippe , Slavin Konstantin , Turk Dennis , Wetzel Todd , Loeser John 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveFor many medical professionals dealing with patients with persistent pain following spine surgery, the term Failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) as a diagnostic label is inadequate, misleading, and potentially troublesome. It misrepresents causation. Alternative terms have been suggested, but none has replaced FBSS. The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) published a revised classification of chronic pain, as part of the new International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), which has been accepted by the World Health Organization (WHO). This includes the term Chronic pain after spinal surgery (CPSS), which is suggested as a replacement for FBSS.MethodsThis article provides arguments and rationale for a replacement definition. In order to propose a broadly applicable yet more precise and clinically informative term, an international group of experts was established.Results14 candidate replacement terms were considered and ranked. The application of agreed criteria reduced this to a shortlist of four. A preferred option—Persistent spinal pain syndrome—was selected by a structured workshop and Delphi process. We provide rationale for using Persistent spinal pain syndrome and a schema for its incorporation into ICD-11. We propose the adoption of this term would strengthen the new ICD-11 classification.ConclusionsThis project is important to those in the fields of pain management, spine surgery, and neuromodulation, as well as patients labeled with FBSS. Through a shift in perspective, it could facilitate the application of the new ICD-11 classification and allow clearer discussion among medical professionals, industry, funding organizations, academia, and the legal profession.