bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economical D-Lactic Acid Production From Agricultural Residues By Membrane Integrated Continuous Fermentation Coupled With B Vitamin Supplementation
Authors: Ma Kedong , Cui Yubo , Zhao Ke , Yang Yuxuang , Wang Yidan , Hu Guquan , He Mingxiong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: D-lactic acid played an important role in the establishment of PLA as a substitute for petrochemical plastics. But, so far, the D-lactic acid production was limited in only pilot scale, which was definitely unable to meet the fast growing market demand. To achieve industrial scale D-lactic acid production, the cost-associated problems such as high-cost feedstock, expensive nutrient sources and fermentation technology need to be resolved to establish an economical fermentation process.Results: In the present study, the combined effect of B vitamin supplementation and membrane integrated continuous fermentation on D-lactic acid production from agricultural lignocellulosic biomass by Lactobacillus delbrueckii was investigated. The results indicated the specific addition of vitamins B1, B2, B3 and B5 could reduce the yeast extract (YE) addition from 10 g/l to 3 g/l without obvious influence on fermentation efficiency. By employing cell recycling system in 350 h continuous fermentation with B vitamin supplementation, YE addition was further reduced to 0.5 g/l, which resulted in nutrient source cost reduction of 86%. A maximum D-lactate productivity of 18.56 g/l/h and optical purity of 99.5% were achieved and higher than most recent reports. Conclusion: These findings suggested the novel fermentation strategy proposed could effectively reduce the production cost and improve fermentation efficiency, thus exhibiting great potential in promoting industrial scale D-lactic acid production from lignocellulosic biomass.
Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Neuroendoscopic Surgery for Severe Ventricular Thalamic Hemorrhage
Authors: Zhou He Ping , Jiang Cha Zheng , Lei Wang , Min Chen , Chao Zhang Qing , Jian Tang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective To summarize and analyze the clinical efficacy and safety of neuroendoscopic surgery in the treatment of patients with severe ventricular thalamic hemorrhage. Methods Eight-three patients with severe ventricular thalamic hemorrhage were treated in the Neurosurgery Department of Anqing Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University from July 2019 to August 2021. Of the 83 patients, 41 underwent neuroendoscopic surgery and 42 underwent simple extraventricular drainage. The hospital stay, GCS scores on the 1st and 14th days postoperatively, the incidence of intracranial infections, and the clearance of postoperative hematomas were compared and analyzed between the two groups. The patients were followed up to 6 months. The prognosis was evaluated by the activity of daily living (ADL) score. A head CT or MRI was obtained to determine whether there was hydrocephalus, cerebral infarction, or other related complications. Results The postoperative hospital stay was 17.42±1.53 days, the GCS score was 6.56±0.21 points on day 1 and 10.83±0.36 points on day 14, intracranial infections occurred in three patients (7.31%) and the hematoma clearance rate was 83.6±5.18% in the neuroendoscopy group, all of which were significantly better than the simple extraventricular drainage group (P < 0.05). After 6 months of follow-up, 28 patients (68.29%) had a good prognosis, 5 patients (12.19%) died, and 4 patients(9.75%)had hydrocephalus in the neuroendoscopy group. In the extraventricular drainage group, the prognosis was good in 15 patients (35.71%), death in 12 patients (28.57%), and hydrocephalus in 17 patients (40.47%). The follow-up results showed that the good prognosis, mortality, and incidence of hydrocephalus in the neuroendoscopy group were significantly better than the extraventricular drainage group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Compared with traditional ventricular-puncture drainage, simultaneous endoscopic sinus surgery for severe ventricular thalamic hemorrhage had a higher hematoma clearance rate, fewer intracranial infections, and hydrocephalus, which together improve the clinical prognosis, and is thus recommended for clinical use.
Anti-angiogenic Therapy for Advanced Primary Pulmonary Lymphoepithelioma-like Carcinoma: a Retrospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Bao Hejing , Ma LingZhen , Yu Mengge , Lin Xiaoli , Zhao Chengzhu , Zhang Baishen , Zhang Juan , Peng Guibao , Lin Xiaotong , Fang Yinhua , Bao Hehong , Ma Shudong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (PPLELC) is a rare subtype of primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Currently, there is still lack of research data on anti-angiogenic therapy of advanced PPLELC. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of anti-angiogenic therapy combined with chemotherapy compared with traditional chemotherapy for these patients.Methods: Advanced PPLELC patients admitted to six grade A hospitals from January 2013 to January 2021 were selected. The patients received anti-angiogenic therapy combined with chemotherapy(AT group) or chemotherapy (CT group)alone.Results: A total of 65 patients were enrolled in this study, including 31 patients in the AT group treated with anti-angiogenic therapy combined with chemotherapy, and 34 patients in the CT group treated with chemotherapy alone. As of October 1, 2021, the median progression-free survival in the AT group was 11.2 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 5.9-16.5], The median progression-free survival in the CT group was 7.0 months [95%CI, 5.1-8.9][Hazard Ratio (HR), 0.49; 95%CI, 0.29-0.83; P=0.008]. The 1-year PFS rates were 41.9% and 17.6%, respectively. The ORR of two groups were 45.2% (95% CI, 0.27 to 0.64), 38.2% (95% CI, 0.21 to 0.56), (P = 0.571). The DCR of two groups were 93.5% (95% CI, 0.84 to 1.03), 88.2% (95% CI, 0.77 to 1.00), (P = 0.756).Conclusions: Among patients with advanced PPLELC, the progression free survival of patients with anti-angiogenic therapy combined with chemotherapy is better than that of patients with chemotherapy alone. Anti-angiogenic therapy combined with chemotherapy is an optional treatment scheme.
Cellulose-g-tetraethylenepentamine Dual-function Imprinted Polymers Selectively and Effectively Adsorb and Remove 4-Nitrophenol and Cr(VI)
Authors: Lang Daning , Xu Xia , Wu Ronglan , WANG WEI , Shi Ming , Jia Ke , Chen Shifei , Wang Jide 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A cellulosic material could efficiently and selectively adsorb organic and inorganic contaminants from aqueous solutions without interference from competing adsorption sites. In this study, cellulose-graft-tetraethylenepentamin molecular imprinted polymer (C-TEPA-MIP) was synthesized by using 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) as the template. The C-TEPA-MIP adsorbent could adsorb 4-NP and Cr(VI) simultaneously and selectively, without being affected by the competitive adsorption sites of each of these pollutants. The adsorption of 4-NP was predominantly due to the imprinted sites of 4-NP in C-TEPA-MIP that were located inside of the adsorbent, whereas that of Cr(VI) was primarily due to the amine groups of TEPA found on the surface of the adsorbent. Compared with the non-imprint polymer synthesized without the template, C-TEPA-MIP showed higher selectivity for both 4-NP and Cr(VI) in unitary and binary systems. In addition, C-TEPA-MIP exhibited good stability and recyclability for 4-NP, which makes it a promising candidate material for applications concerning wastewater treatment.
Genetic Relationships and Genome Selection Signatures Between Soybean Cultivars from Brazil and United States After Decades of Breeding
Authors: Santos João Vitor Maldonado dos , Sant’Ana Gustavo Cesar , Wysmierski Philip Traldi , Todeschini Matheus Henrique , Garcia Alexandre , Meda Anderson Rotter 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Soybeans are one of the most important crops worldwide. Brazil and the United States (US) are the world’s two biggest producers of this legume. The increase of publicly available DNA sequencing data as well as high-density genotyping data of multiple soybean germplasms has made it possible to understand the genetic relationships and identify genomics regions that underwent selection pressure during soy domestication and breeding. In this study, we analyzed the genetic relationships between Brazilian (N=235) and US soybean cultivars (N=675) released in different decades, and screened for genomic signatures between Brazilian and US cultivars. The population structure analysis demonstrated that the Brazilian germplasm has a narrower genetic base than the US germplasm. The US cultivars was grouped according to the maturity groups, while Brazilian cultivars were separated according to decades of releases. We found 73 SNPs that differentiate Brazilian and US soybean germplasm. Maturity-associated SNPs showed high allelic frequency differences between Brazil and US accessions. Other important loci were identified separating cultivars released before and after 1996 in Brazil. Our data showed important genomic regions under selection during decades of soybean breeding in Brazil and the US that should be targeted to adapt lines from different origins in these countries.
Computational Screening of Isolated Compounds From Goniothalamus Species to Identify Potential Inhibitors for Dengue Virus
Authors: Abdullah Nor Nadirah , Imran Syahrul , Wai Lam Kok , Ismail Nor Hadiani 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this study, a set of 234 chemical constituents reported from Goniothalamus species were docked against envelope (E), NS2B/NS3, NS5 methyltransferase, and NS5 RdRp dengue virus (DENV) protein. As the result, compounds 95, 96, 97, 100, 149, 155, and 187 were identified as potential dengue protease inhibitors based on minimal docking energy values and multiple interactions with binding sites. The results from in-silico Lipinski’ rule and ADMET analysis showed that compound 149 was predicted as the most potential compound that fulfills the drug-likeness properties. Ligand 149 was found to be able to fit in well and remain stable in the binding site of proteins envelope, NS2B/NS3, NS5 methyltransferase and NS5 RdRp. The results from molecular dynamic simulations indicate that the ligand-protein complex of 149 in NS5 methyltransferase showed the most preferable, successfully interacted within the active sites and were able to reach convergence within 100 ns.
Power-Based Estimation of Cutting Forces During Turning of Aluminium Biomass Ash Particulate Composite
Authors: Emefe Emmanuella , Ozoegwu Chigbogu , Edelugo Sylvester 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Aluminum-Biomass Ash Particulate Composite is a reinforced composite material of aluminum and biomass ash particles. The composite offers significant mechanical properties advantage and low-cost advantage because of the use of waste as the reinforcement material and as a result, it is gaining increased industrial attention because of the many advantages they offer over conventional Aluminium Matrix Composites. These materials are mostly accessed on the basis of their mechanical, microstructural and chemical properties with very limited interest on their machinability relative to the base material. The specific cutting force coefficients and cutting forces of the composite were estimated during CNC turning operations and the effects of reinforcement on the machinability responses were studied. In this work, power-based force estimation approach was adopted for this purpose for the first time. This approach is less expensive compared to the dynamometric approach since it relies on adapting existing equipment developed for other purposes. This was done by measuring the electric power of the direct-drive motors of the CNC machine during the turning process and the power measurements were analyzed to obtain the force coefficients. The cutting force components were observed to decrease as the percentage rice husk ash (RHA) reinforcement increased. This agrees with known results for the composite based on the dynamometric approach. Since the cutting force components decrease with increase in reinforcement, it can be deduced that increasing RHA in the Aluminium might reduce friction at the tool-chip interface and extend tool life, in other words, improving machinability. The composite therefore promises to be more cost effective than the base material in machinability terms.
Opposite Direction for Seasonal Variation of Aflatoxin M1 in Bulk Milk and Aflatoxin B1 in Rations: Results From a Prospective Study in Selected Dairy Farms of Qazvin Province, Iran
Authors: Gholampour-Aghdami Ravel , Mohebbi-Fani Mehdi , Omidi Arash , Rasooli Aria , Ansari-Lari Maryam Maryam 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The presence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in 24h bulk milk and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in concurrent total mixed rations (TMR) and feed ingredients were assessed in 12 large dairy operations. The bulk milk was sampled on days 1, 15 and 30 during winter and summer (n=72). Total mixed rations (n=48) and feed ingredients (n=230) were sampled two times with a 30-day interval. Aflatoxin was measured using direct competitive ELISA kits with detection limits of 1-81 ngkg−1 for milk and 1.25-101.25 ngkg−1 for feeds. Aflatoxin M1 was identified in all milk samples (100%), ranging from 2.03 to >81 ngkg−1, with a median of 70 ngkg−1 and averaging 61.25±28.91 ngkg−1 in winter and 54.20±25.51 ngkg−1 in summer (P=0.279). Contaminations <81 ngkg−1 (below the Iranian standard of 100 ngkg-1) were detected in 76% (n=55/72) of samples. Contaminations >81 ngkg−1 were detected in 24% (n=17/72) of samples and were more frequent in winter than in summer (42% vs. 6%). Sixty-nine percent of the winter milk samples (n=25/36) had contaminations above the median (70 ngkg−1). A reverse result was detected in summer. The chance of contaminations above median was higher in winter than in summer (OR=5.33, P=0.007). All TMR and ingredient samples had higher AFB1 contaminations in summer (P<0.05). Six TMR samples had non-detectable (<1.25 ngkg-1) values (5 in winter) and 7 samples had levels >101.25 ngkg-1 (all in summer). The chance of TMR contamination above the median (716 ngkg-1) was 5.57 times higher in summer than in winter (P=0.002). Seventy percent of the TMR samples had contaminations above the median in summer. Elevated levels of AFB1 of rations in summer (1375.50±905.02 vs. 537.05±558.79; P<0.002) did not result in elevation of AFM1 in milk, probably due to reduced AFB1 metabolism in the liver and lower dry matter intakes caused by heat stress. The AFB1 content of grain mix succeeded by corn silage, wet beet pulp, dry beet pulp and alfalfa hay were correlated with TMR contamination. Ration AFB1 and milk AFM1 were not correlated. Based on the results, a great majority of milk produced in the studied farms could have AFM1 contaminations below the Iranian standard limit (100 ngkg-1). Contaminations below 50 ngkg-1 appear to be achievable and affordable. Intensifying the controlling measures in summer, when the feed contaminations are elevated, may reduce the overall milk contamination.
WITHDRAWN: Hypoxia Enhanced Glioblastoma Resistance to Erastin-Induced Ferroptosis by Up-Regulating GPX4 via PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α Axis
Authors: Sun Shicheng , Guo Changfa , Pang Bo , Gao Taihong , Su Xiangsheng , He Dong , Zhang Rui , Pang Qi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Glioblastoma is the deadliest type of primary brain tumor with a high rate of recurrence and treatment resistance. Hypoxia contributed much to radiotherapy resistance and chemoresistance of cancer. Ferroptosis is a nonapoptotic, oxidative cell death and identified as a potential anticancer mechanism in recent years. Erastin acts as a ferroptosis activator and shows a potential role in tumor treatment but the relationship between hypoxia and erastin resistance in glioblastoma has not been explained. This study aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of hypoxia in erastin-induced ferroptosis in glioblastoma.
Methods
Cell proliferation and viability were determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, flow cytometry, TUNEL assays, and clone formation assay. Lipid peroxides level was analyzed by Malondialdehyde (MDA) assay and flow cytometry using C11-BODIPY dye. The correlation between HIF-1α and GPX4 expression was detected in data from the TCGA database and was determined by ChIP-qPCR assay and luciferase reporter assay. Subcutaneous xenograft and orthotopic xenograft models were established to test our findings in vivo.
Results
Hypoxia for at least 16 hours significantly suppressed erastin-induced ferroptosis by up-regulating glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression in U87 and U251 cells. Hypoxia promotes GPX4 expression via enhancing the PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α pathway. Mechanistically, HIF-1α directly bound to the GPX4 gene promoter region and promoted GPX4 transcription. AKT inhibitor MK-2206 and HIF-1α inhibitor PX-478 could significantly reverse the effect. Besides, under normoxia, PX-478 could induce a higher lipid peroxidation level by decreasing GPX4 expression in U87 and U251 cells but cannot induced cell death directly, and it could significantly enhance the tumor cell killing effect of erastin. In vivo, combination of PX-478 and erastin had a coordinated intensification effect on anticancer activity uncovered by subcutaneous xenograft and orthotopic xenograft mouse models.
Conclusions
Hypoxia enhanced glioblastoma resistance to erastin-induced ferroptosis by activating PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α pathway and promoting GPX4 expression in a transcriptional regulation way. Combination therapy of PX-478 and erastin may be a potential strategy against glioblastoma.
Performance of Abbreviated Protocols Versus Unenhanced MRI in Detecting Occult Breast Lesions of Mammography in Patients with Dense Breasts
Authors: Zhao Suhong , Chen Peipei , Shao Guangrui , Li Baijie , Zhang Huikun , Xiao Juan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective: To assess the diagnostic ability of abbreviated protocols of MRI (AP-MRI) compared with unenhanced MRI (UE-MRI) in mammographically occult cancers in patients with dense breast tissue.Materials and Methods: The retrospective analysis consisted of 102 patients without positive findings on mammography who received preoperative MRI full diagnostic protocols (FDP) between January 2015 and December 2018. Two breast radiologists read the UE, AP, and FDP. The interpretation times were recorded. The comparisons of the sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve of each MRI protocol, and the sensitivity of these protocols in each subgroup of different size tumors used the Chi-square test. The paired sample t-test was used for evaluating the difference of reading time of the three protocols.Results: Among 102 women, there were 68 cancers and two benign lesions in 64 patients and 38 patients had benign or negative findings. Both readers found the sensitivity and specificity of AP and UE-MRI were similar (p>0.05), whereas compared with FDP, UE had lower sensitivity (Reader 1/Reader 2: p=0.023, 0.004). For different lesion size groups, one of the readers found that AP and FDP had higher sensitivities than UE-MRI for detecting the lesions ≤10 mm in diameter (p=0.041, p=0.023). Compared with FDP, the average reading time of UE-MRI and AP was remarkably reduced (p < 0.001).Conclusion: AP-MRI had more advantages than UE-MRI to detect mammographically occult cancers, especially for breast tumors ≤10 mm in diameter.
Egocentric Network Characteristics of People Who Inject Drugs in the Chicago Metro Area and Associations with Hepatitis C Virus and Injection Risk Behavior
Authors: Mackesy-Amiti Mary Ellen , Falk Joshua , Latkin Carl , Kaufmann Maggie , Williams Leslie , Boodram Basmattee 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Hepatitis C (HCV) infection has been rising in the suburban and rural United States, mainly via injection-based transmission. Injection and sexual networks are recognized as an important element in fostering and preventing risky behavior, however the role of social support networks has received somewhat less attention.
Methods
Using baseline data from an ongoing longitudinal study, we examined the composition and structure of injection drug use (IDU), sex, and social support networks of young people who inject drugs (aged 18-30) and their injection network members. Lasso logistic regression was used to select a subset of network characteristics that were potentially important predictors of injection risk behaviors and HCV exposure.
Results
Several measures of IDU, sexual and support network structure and composition were found to be associated with HCV exposure, receptive syringe sharing (RSS), and ancillary equipment sharing. Gender and sexual relationships were important factors for all risk behaviors. Support network characteristics were also important, notably including a protective effect of majority Hispanic support networks for RSS and HCV exposure. Both IDU network residence heterogeneity and support network geography were associated with injection equipment sharing.
Conclusions
The associations of IDU and support network geography with equipment sharing highlight the need to extend harm reduction efforts beyond urban areas. Greater understanding of support network influences on risk behavior may provide important insights to strengthen the benefits of harm reduction. In considering the probability of HCV transmission, it is important to consider setting and network structures that promote propagation of risk.
The Vibration Study of A Sandwich Conical Shell With A Saturated FGP Core
Authors: Esfahani Mohsen Nasr , Hashemian Mohammad , Aghadavoudi Farshid 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper is provided to analyze the free vibration of a sandwich truncated conical shell with a saturated functionally graded porous (FGP) core and two same homogenous isotropic face sheets. The mechanical behavior of the saturated FGP is assumed based on Biot’s theory, the shell is modeled via the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT), and the governing equations and boundary conditions are derived utilizing Hamilton’s principle. Three different porosity distribution patterns are studied including one homogenous uniform distribution pattern and two non-homogenous symmetric ones. The porosity parameters in mentioned distribution patterns are regulated to make them the same in the shell’s mass. The equations of motion are solved exactly in the circumferential direction via proper sinusoidal and cosinusoidal functions, and a numerical solution is provided in the meridional direction utilizing the differential quadrature method (DQM). The precision of the model is approved and the influences of several parameters such as circumferential wave number, the thickness of the FGP core, porosity parameter, porosity distribution pattern, the compressibility of the pore fluid, and boundary conditions on the shell’s natural frequencies are investigated. It is shown that the highest natural frequencies usually can be achieved when the larger pores are located close to the shell’s middle surface and in each vibrational mode, there is a special value of the porosity parameter which leads to the lowest natural frequencies. It is deduced that in most cases, natural frequencies decrease by increasing the thickness of the FGP core. In addition, reducing the compressibility of the porefluid a small growth in the natural frequencies can be seen.