bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current challenges for women in orthopaedics
Authors: Ahmed Maryam , Hamilton Laura C. 
Published: October 2021

Orthopaedics has been left behind in the worldwide drive towards diversity and inclusion. In the UK, only 7% of orthopaedic consultants are female. There is growing evidence that diversity increases innovation as well as patient outcomes. This paper has reviewed the literature to identify some of the common issues affecting female surgeons in orthopaedics, and ways in which we can address them: there is a wealth of evidence documenting the differences in the journey of men and women towards a consultant role. We also look at lessons learned from research in the business sector and the military. The ‘Hidden Curriculum’ is out of date and needs to enter the 21st century: microaggressions in the workplace must be challenged; we need to consider more flexible training options and support trainees who wish to become pregnant; mentors, both male and female, are imperative to provide support for trainees. The world has changed, and we need to consider how we can improve diversity to stay relevant and effective. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2-10:893–899.
Measurement of Sleep Behaviors in Chromosome 15q11.2-13.1 Duplication (Dup15q Syndrome)
Authors: Barstein Jamie , Jeste Shafali , Saravanapandian Vidya , Hyde Carly , Distefano Charlotte 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Duplication of chromosome 15q11.2-q13.1 (dup15q syndrome) results in hypotonia, intellectual disability (ID), and autism symptomatology. Clinical electroencephalography has shown abnormal sleep physiology, but no studies have characterized sleep behaviors. The present study used the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) in 42 people with dup15q syndrome to examine the clinical utility of this questionnaire and quantify behavioral sleep patterns in dup15q syndrome. Individuals with fully completed forms (56%) had higher cognitive abilities than those with partially completed forms. Overall, caregivers indicated a high rate of sleep disturbance, though ratings differed by epilepsy status. Results suggest that clinicians should use caution when using standardized questionnaires and consider epilepsy status when screening for sleep problems in dup15q syndrome.
Amplification of 14 orbital angular momentum modes in ring-core erbium-doped fiber with high modal gain
Authors: Zhang Xi , Liu Jun , Chen Shi , Li Wei , Du Cheng , Wang Jian 
Published: October 2021

We propose and demonstrate an orbital angular momentum (OAM) fiber amplifier supporting 14 OAM modes based on a fabricated ring-core erbium-doped fiber (RC-EDF) with a tailored erbium-doped profile. Theoretical analyses and numerical simulations suggest that the proposed RC-EDF provides relatively uniform gain larger than 20 dB for all 14 modes. With a core pump configuration, we experimentally characterize the performance of the RC-EDF-assisted OAM fiber amplifier, which can acquire a high modal gain up to 33.4 dB and low differential modal gain less than 1.8 dB at the wavelength of 1550 nm. The obtained results indicate successful implementation of the RC-EDF-assisted OAM fiber amplifier for 14 OAM modes with favorable performance.
Oral vaccination with recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum encoding Trichinella spiralis inorganic pyrophosphatase elicited a protective immunity in BALB/c mice
Authors: Hu Chen Xi , Xu Yang Xiu Yue , Hao Hui Nan , Liu Ruo Dan , Jiang Peng , Long Shao Rong , Wang Zhong Quan , Cui Jing 
Published: October 2021

Background
Trichinellosis is a serious zoonotic disease distributed around the world. It is needed to develop a safe, effective and feasible anti-Trichinella vaccine for prevention and control of trichinellosis. The aim of this study was to construct a recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum encoding Trichinella spiralis inorganic pyrophosphatase (TsPPase) and investigate its immune protective effects against T. spiralis infection.

Methodology/Principal findings
The growth of recombinant L. plantarum was not affected by TsPPase/pSIP409-pgsA′ plasmid, and the recombinant plasmid was inherited stably in bacteria. Western blot and immunofluorescence assay (IFA) indicated that the rTsPPase was expressed on the surface of recombinant L. plantarum. Oral vaccination with rTsPPase induced higher levels of specific serum IgG, IgG1, IgG2a and mucosal secretory IgA (sIgA) in BALB/c mice. ELISA analysis revealed that the levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 released from spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer’s patches were evidently increased at 2–4 weeks following vaccination, compared to MRS (De Man, Rogosa, Sharpe) medium control group (P < 0.05). Immunization of mice with rTsPPase exhibited a 67.18, 54.78 and 51.91% reduction of intestinal infective larvae, adult worms and muscle larvae at 24 hours post infection (hpi), 6 days post infection (dpi) and 35 dpi, respectively (P < 0.05), and the larval molting and development was significantly inhibited by 45.45% at 24 hpi, compared to the MRS group.

Conclusions
TsPPase plays a crucial role in T. spiralis molting and development, oral vaccination with rTsPPase induced a significant local mucosal sIgA response and systemic Th1/Th2 immune response, and immune protection against T. spiralis infection in BALB/c mice.
Data acquisition for improving machine learning models
Authors: Li Yifan , Yu Xiaohui , Koudas Nick 
Published: October 2021

The vast advances in Machine Learning (ML) over the last ten years have been powered by the availability of suitably prepared data for training purposes. The future of ML-enabled enterprise hinges on data. As such, there is already a vibrant market offering data annotation services to tailor sophisticated ML models.In this paper, inspired by the recent vision of online data markets and associated market designs, we present research on the practical problem of obtaining data in order to improve the accuracy of ML models. We consider an environment in which consumers query for data to enhance the accuracy of their models and data providers who possess data make them available for training purposes. We first formalize this interaction process laying out the suitable framework and associated parameters for data exchange. We then propose two data acquisition strategies that consider a trade-off betweenexplorationduring which we obtain data to learn about the distribution of a provider's data andexploitationduring which we optimize our data inquiries utilizing the gained knowledge. In the first strategy,Estimation and Allocation(EA), we utilize queries to estimate the utilities of various predicates while learning about the distribution of the provider's data; then we proceed to the allocation stage in which we utilize those learned utility estimates to inform our data acquisition decisions. The second algorithmic proposal, namedSequential Predicate Selection(SPS), utilizes a sampling strategy to explore the distribution of the provider's data, adaptively investing more resources to parts of the data space that are statistically more promising to improve overall model accuracy.We present a detailed experimental evaluation of our proposals utilizing a variety of ML models and associated real data sets exploring all applicable parameters of interest. Our results demonstrate the relative benefits of the proposed algorithms. Depending on the models trained and the associated learning tasks we identify trade-offs and highlight the relative benefits of each algorithm to further optimize model accuracy.
Mechanical properties of wire arc additive manufactured carbon steel cylindrical component made by gas metal arc welding process
Authors: Nagasai Bellamkonda Prasanna , Malarvizhi Sudersanan , Balasubramanian Visvalingam 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), a welding-based additive manufacturing (AM) method, is a hot topic of research since it allows for the cost-effective fabrication of large-scale metal components at relatively high deposition rates. In the present study, the cylindrical component of low carbon steel (ER70S-6) was built by WAAM technique, using a GMAW torch that was translated by an automated three-axis motion system using a rotation table. The mechanical properties of the component were evaluated by extracting tensile, impact toughness and hardness specimens from the two regions of the building up (vertical) direction. It is found that the tensile properties of the built material exhibited anisotropic characteristics. The yield strength and ultimate tensile strength varied from 333 to 350 MPa and from 429 to 446 MPa, respectively, (less than 5 % variation).
Covering China’s New Development Pattern: Issues and Strategies for Transcultural Communication
Authors: Hang Min , Xiang Qiren , Li Dongxiao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The profound integration of China’s economy into the global economic and trade system creates an open cultural environment that facilitates cooperation and exchanges between China and the outside world. It is essential to understand how media with diverse cultural backgrounds cover China’s new development pattern and how they narrate China’s economic development in the global community. This essay examines the above issues from three perspectives: policy narrative, system narrative, and identity narrative. The diverse narratives provide implications for us to understand China’s economic policy in the global context, and to pursue new insights into transcultural communication.
Local nonlinearity engineering of evanescent-field-interaction fiber devices embedding in black phosphorus quantum dots
Authors: Jiang Yuyuan , Zhou Jian , Lou Bowen , Liu Jing , Xu Yanhua , Zhao Junqing , Li Lei , Tang Dingyuan , Shen Deyuan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Tapered fiber (TF) and D-shaped fiber (DF) are two types of widely investigated devices in facilitating evanescent-field interactions with external materials. Although they have been found to be particularly useful in various ultrafast regimes, to date there is still no clear or systematic investigation on their local nonlinearities as well as the exerted influences on ultrafast behaviors. Herein, we present such thorough investigation through local nonlinearity engineering on TF and then in contrast with a DF as a reference. Optically deposited black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) are used for saturable absorption. The nanometer-scale extremely small sizes of the BPQDs helpfully eliminate size-induced uncertainties or distortions during both device fabrication and the latter light–matter interaction. For the TF, in the experiment, it is found that the local nonlinear effect starts to be rather appreciable as the TF shrinks to a moderate thickness. Remarkably in comparison, the local nonlinearity of the DF itself can even be neglected reasonably, but after coating with BPQDs, it possesses a much larger modulation depth than any of the used BPQDs-coated TFs with different thicknesses/lengths. Further, we theoretically analyze the related locally nonlinear effects and reveal, for the first time, the direct origin of saturable absorption with evanescent-field-based general structures.
Clean preparation of washable antibacterial polyester fibers by high temperature and high pressure hydrothermal self-assembly
Authors: Feng Jundan , Xu Sijun , Pan Gangwei , Yao Lirong , Guan Yongyin , Zhou Long , Cui Li , Yang Zhongtian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The clean production and washing resistance of nano-coating have always been common issues in nano-functional polyester textiles because of the dense structure and chemically inert surface. Here, we developed a clean treatment strategy for preparing washable silver nanoparticle (AgNP)-coated polyester fibers through high-temperature, high-pressure hydrothermal self-assembly of AgNPs in polyester fibers. AgNPs with high affinity to polyester were prepared through the hydrothermal reduction of AgNO3 by hyperbranched poly(amide-amine)s. The as-prepared spherical AgNPs possessed a uniform particle size (∼7.52 nm), a positive charge (zeta potential of +54.52 mV), and good dispersibility and chemical stability at 110–130°C. The optimal clean treatment conditions had Ag concentrations of 1–50 mg/L, impregnation time of 2 h, and impregnation temperature of 110°C. Therefore, the Ag content of polyester fibers in the range 0–2,500 mg/kg could be precisely controlled. The as-prepared polyester fibers exhibited excellent antibacterial activities and washing resistance and low Ag release (0.00024% for 24 h). Even when the Ag content was as low as ∼50 mg/kg, the corresponding bactericidal rates increased to 99.99% for Escherichia coli and 99.93% for Staphylococcus aureus. The sample containing ∼200 mg/kg of Ag could achieve up to a 99.99% bactericidal rate for E. coli and 99.9% for S. aureus even after 50 standard washes.
Psephological Advancements and Pitfalls of Political Opinion Polls in India
Authors: Rai Praveen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Political opinion polls in India are holistic snapshots in time that divulge deep dive information on electoral participation, ideological orientation and self-efficacy of the electorate and faith in core democratic values. The popularity of election surveys stems from the political socialization and crystal ball gazing curiosity of the citizens to foresee the outcomes of the hustings before the pronouncement of formal results. The opinion polls provide crucial data on voting behaviour and attitudes, testing theories of electoral politics and domain knowledge production. The obsession of the Indian media with political forecasting has shifted the focus from psephology to electoral prophecy, but it continues to furnish the best telescopic view of elections based on the feedback of the electorate. The ascertainment of subaltern opinion by surveys not only broadens the contours of understanding electoral democracy, but also provides an empirical alternative to elitist viewpoint of competitive politics in India.
The duration of word-final /s/ differs across morphological categories in English: evidence from pseudowords
Authors: Schmitz Dominic , Baer-Henney Dinah , Plag Ingo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPrevious research suggests that different types of word-final /s/ and /z/ (e.g. non-morphemic vs. plural or clitic morpheme) in English show realisational differences in duration. However, there is disagreement on the nature of these differences, as experimental studies have provided evidence for durational differences of the opposite direction as results from corpus studies (i.e. non-morphemic > plural > clitic /s/). The experimental study reported here focuses on four types of word-final /s/ in English, i.e. non-morphemic, plural, andis- andhas-clitic /s/. We conducted a pseudoword production study with native speakers of Southern British English. The results show that non-morphemic /s/ is significantly longer than plural /s/, which in turn is longer than clitic /s/, while there is no durational difference between the two clitics. This aligns with previous corpus rather than experimental studies. Thus, the morphological category of a word-final /s/ appears to be a robust predictor for its phonetic realisation influencing speech production in such a way that systematic subphonemic differences arise. This finding calls for revisions of current models of speech production in which morphology plays no role in later stages of production.
Global and Regional Damages in Retinal Ganglion Cell Axon Bundles Monitored Non-Invasively by Visible-Light Optical Coherence Tomography Fibergraphy
Authors: Grannonico Marta , Miller David A. , Liu Mingna , Norat Pedro , Deppmann Christopher D. , Netland Peter A. , Zhang Hao F. , Liu Xiaorong 
Published: October 2021

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) exhibit compartmentalized organization, receiving synaptic inputs through their dendrites and transmitting visual information from the retina to the brain through the optic nerve. Little is known about the structure of RGC axon bundles extending from individual RGC somas to the optic nerve head (ONH) and how they respond to disease insults. We recently introduced visible-light optical coherence tomography fibergraphy (vis-OCTF), a technique for directly visualizing and analyzing mouse RGC axon bundlesin vivo. In this study, we validated vis-OCTF's ability to quantify RGC axon bundles with an increased number of RGCs using mice deficient in BCL2-associated X protein (BAX−/−). Next, we performed optic nerve crush (ONC) injury on wild-type (WT) mice and showed that the changes in RGC axon bundle width and thickness were location-dependent. Our work demonstrates the potential of vis-OCTF to longitudinally quantify and track RGC damage at single axon bundle level in optic neuropathies.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNearly all clinical and preclinical studies measure the retinal nerve fiber (RNFL) thickness as the sole indicator of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) damage without investigating RGC axon bundles directly. We demonstrated visible-light optical coherence tomography fibergraphy (vis-OCTF) to directly quantify global and regional RGC axon bundle organizationsin vivoas a new biomarker for RGC health. We validatedin vivovis-OCTF measures using both confocal microscopy of the immunostained flat-mounted retina and numerical simulations. Vis-OCTF for monitoring RGC axon bundle organization has the potential to bring new insight into RGC damage in optic neuropathies.
Oligomerization‐driven MLKL ubiquitylation antagonizes necroptosis
Authors: Liu Zikou , Dagley Laura F , Shield‐Artin Kristy , Young Samuel N , Bankovacki Aleksandra , Wang Xiangyi , Tang Michelle , Howitt Jason , Stafford Che A , Nachbur Ueli , Fitzgibbon Cheree , Garnish Sarah E , Webb Andrew I , Komander David , Murphy James M , Hildebrand Joanne M , Silke John 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMixed lineage kinase domain‐like (MLKL) is the executioner in the caspase‐independent form of programmed cell death called necroptosis. Receptor‐interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) phosphorylates MLKL, triggering MLKL oligomerization, membrane translocation and membrane disruption. MLKL also undergoes ubiquitylation during necroptosis, yet neither the mechanism nor the significance of this event has been demonstrated. Here, we show that necroptosis‐specific multi‐mono‐ubiquitylation of MLKL occurs following its activation and oligomerization. Ubiquitylated MLKL accumulates in a digitonin‐insoluble cell fraction comprising organellar and plasma membranes and protein aggregates. Appearance of this ubiquitylated MLKL form can be reduced by expression of a plasma membrane‐located deubiquitylating enzyme. Oligomerization‐induced MLKL ubiquitylation occurs on at least four separate lysine residues and correlates with its proteasome‐ and lysosome‐dependent turnover. Using a MLKL‐DUB fusion strategy, we show that constitutive removal of ubiquitin from MLKL licences MLKL auto‐activation independent of necroptosis signalling in mouse and human cells. Therefore, in addition to the role of ubiquitylation in the kinetic regulation of MLKL‐induced death following an exogenous necroptotic stimulus, it also contributes to restraining basal levels of activated MLKL to avoid unwanted cell death.
“Quem matou a senhora batata?”: possibilitando a aprendizagem em genética por meio de uma sequência de ensino investigativa
Authors: Peruch Junior Weligton José , Borges Corte Viviana , Araújo Michell Pedruzzi Mendes 
Published: October 2021

A compreensão de conceitos de genética, dos genes e da molécula do DNA são de grande importância para a formação dos conhecimentos consolidados pelos estudantes sobre a estruturação da vida. Entretanto, a aprendizagem de genética é, por vezes, tida como desafiadora devido à terminologia específica e aos conceitos abstratos, resultando em dificuldades dos estudantes na aprendizagem desse conteúdo curricular. Nesse sentido, buscar novas estratégias de abordagem pode favorecer uma experiência mais dinâmica e motivadora, tendo em vista a promoção da autonomia dos estudantes. Para isso, apresentamos uma proposta de intervenção pedagógica, que se configura como uma Sequência de Ensino Investigativa (SEI), alicerçada metodológica e teoricamente nos pressupostos de Carvalho (2013), que utiliza como gatilho motivador uma atividade investigativa criminal fictícia, traçando paralelos entre o contexto real e a educação científica. Como resultado, destaca-se que a presente SEI pode potencializar os processos de ensino e aprendizagem de genética, tornando as aulas mais contextualizadas e significativas em prol do engajamento e valorização do protagonismo dos discentes.
As contribuições de um agente conversacional no ensino e aprendizagem da Física: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Martins Soares Kátia , Rockenbach Tarouco Liane Margarida , Silva Patrícia Fernanda da 
Published: October 2021

O artigo aborda as contribuições do agente conversacional/chatbot/tutor virtual no ensino e aprendizagem dos conteúdos da Física. O chatbot é um programa que simula um diálogo entre o homem e um robô em linguagem natural. A pesquisa bibliográfica contempla estudos internacionais e nacionais, mediado pela busca das palavras-chave: (chatbot, education, high school, physics); com recorte temporal de 2016-2020, utilizou-se 08 artigos que atendiam aos critérios de inclusão. Os benefícios para aprendizagem compõem-se: estabelecimento de uma metodologia ativa de ensino, proposição de mais um “espaço virtual” para receber feedback; capacidade de simular experimentos, proporcionando uma alternativa à escassez de laboratórios de Ciências. O agente conversacional, comparado a outros métodos pedagógicos, demonstra-se superior à leitura de um livro sobre os mesmos conteúdos, em tempos iguais. A evolução na aprendizagem foi equivalente em pesquisas relacionando o tutor virtual e tutores humanos, prevalecendo os tutores humanos em situações de esclarecimento de dúvidas.
Chasing Shadows
Authors: Canals Roger 
Published: October 2021

“Chasing Shadows” offers an intimate portrait of the current practice of the prophetic movement called Kyangyang in Guinea-Bissau. Kyangyang means “the shadows”, but its followers also call themselves “Children of God”. The members of the movement, belonging to the Balanta ethnic group, communicate with their ancestors, who transmit messages from the high God through prophetic writing, glossolalia, divination rituals, and spirit possession. Guided by the ancestors, they heal and give advice in collective ceremonies. This film delves into the creative and poetic world of Kyangyang by giving voice to its members, young and adults, men and women. It also explores the relations between Kyangyang and Balanta cosmology and between the prophetic movement and the two main "world religions" in the country: Islam and Christianity, in its Catholic and Evangelical modes.
Original idea and Research: Ramon Sarró and Marina Temudo
Direction, camera and sound: Roger Canals
Editing: Jordi Orobitg
Production: University of Oxford and Jordi Orobitg Produccions
THE CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT IN LABOUR LAW: OBSTACLE OR PANACEA?
Authors: Radley Henrico  , Nicola Smit  
Published: October 2021

The disparity of power in the employment relationship has courted argument that this imbalance continues to be perpetuated in the guise of “the contract of employment”, thereby rendering the contract of employment irrelevant and ineffective in advancing labour law rights. This article counters this view by illustrating the changed nature of the traditional foundation of the employment relationship, known as the contract of employment. The advent of a constitution and our courts’ willingness to develop and strengthen rights and obligations arising from the contract of employment are considered. In addition, the impact of legislation, collective bargaining and the recent more purposive interpretation of the statutory definition of “employee” are discussed. The writers conclude that, although the contract of employment is not a panacea to the employment relationship, it is useful and expedient when interpreted and enforced against the backdrop of constitutional imperatives.