bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expanding one-zone model for blazar emission
Authors: Boula S. , Mastichiadis A. 
Published: October 2021

Context. As a subcategory of active galactic nuclei, blazars are distinguished by their non-thermal variable emission. This emission extends over the whole electromagnetic spectrum and is a consequence of particle acceleration inside their relativistic jets. However, an open question remains regarding the relation of radio emission compared to that of higher frequencies.
Aims. Observations of blazar emission show that the location of radio might be very different from the one where the rest of the spectrum is produced and, thus, often requires separate modeling. We aim to produce both types of emission within the context of a single model.
Methods. We constructed a self-consistent one-zone expanding leptonic model for studying the connection between the radio emission and the emission at higher frequencies. We then applied it to the flaring states of blazars. Assuming an accelerating episode as the source moves down the jet and expands, we numerically studied the electron evolution as they lose energy due to adiabatic expansion and synchrotron or inverse Compton radiation.
Results. We find that high-frequency radiation mimics the electron injection and is mainly produced close to the acceleration site where cooling is strong. In contrast, the radio emission is produced further down the jet when the emitting region has become optically thin with regard to synchrotron self-absorption due to expansion. We briefly present the role of the initial parameters, such as the magnetic field strength, the electron luminosity, and expansion velocity, on the localization of the radio emission site. We show that the expanding one-zone model is inherently different from the non-expanding one and, in addition, it requires more parameters. For example, we apply our approach to the observational data of a Mrk 421 γ-ray and radio flare observed in 2013.
Coccidian parasites in the endangered Forest Musk Deer (Moschus berezovskii) in China, with the description of six new species of Eimeria (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae)
Authors: Gao Yunyun , Duszynski Donald W. , Yuan Fulin , Hu Defu , Zhang Dong 
Published: October 2021

We examined 674 fresh fecal samples from forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii Flerov) in Sichuan and Shaanxi Provinces, China, for coccidian oocysts and 65% were infected with Eimeria spp. Previously, only four Eimeria species were known from Moschus spp. Here we describe six new Eimeria species. Eimeria aquae n. sp., in 38% deer, has ovoidal oocysts, 32.0 × 23.0 μm, micropyle (M) and scattered polar granules (PGs) of various sizes are present, sometimes oocyst residuum (OR) is present; ovoidal sporocysts, 14.1 × 7.5 μm, with Stieda body (SB) and sporocyst residuum (SR). Eimeria dolichocystis n. sp., in 11% deer; cylindroidal oocysts, 36.6 × 18.9, with a M, 1 PG and OR; ovoidal sporocysts, 13.9 × 7.7, with SB and SR. Eimeria fengxianensis n. sp., in 7% deer; ovoidal oocysts, 36.3 × 25.2, a M and PGs present but OR absent; ovoidal sporocysts, 13.9 × 7.3, with SB and SR. Eimeria helini n. sp. in 24% deer; subspheroidal oocysts, 27.0 × 24.1, OR and PGs often present, but M absent; ovoidal sporocysts, 13.5 × 7.7, with SB and SR. Eimeria kaii n. sp. in 26% deer; ovoidal oocysts, 33.2 × 20.7, M and PGs present, but OR absent; ovoidal sporocysts, 14.4 × 7.5, with SB and SR. Eimeria oocylindrica n. sp., in 17% deer; cylindroidal oocysts, 36.0 × 21.4, M and 1-2 PGs present but OR absent; ovoidal sporocysts, 13.8 × 7.7, with SB and SR. Eimeria dujiangyanensis n. nom. is proposed to replace E. moschus Sha, Zhang, Cai, Wang & Liu, 1994, a junior homonym of E. moschus Matschoulsky, 1947.
Offener thorakaler und thorakoabdominaler Aortenersatz vs. f/b(T)EVAR
– komplementär oder kompetitiv?
Authors: Busch Albert , Wolk Steffen , Lutz Brigitta , Zimmermann Carolin , Ankudinov Miroslav , Klenk David , Ehehalt Florian , Rössel Thomas , Ludwig Stefan , Reeps Christian 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDer offen-chirurgische thorakale und thorakoabdominelle Aortenersatz (open
repair, OR) bei Aneurysmen oder Dissektionen hat in der aktuellen
Versorgungsrealität im Vergleich zur endovaskulären Versorgung mit einfachen und
speziellen Stentprothesen (fenestrated/branched [thoracic] endovascular aortic
repair, f/b[T]EVAR) eine deutlich untergeordnete Rolle. Zudem besteht die
Notwendigkeit einer hohen technischen Expertise und eines umfangreichen
operativen Settings, um ein OR sicher anbieten zu können.Zu Reduktion der spezifischen Komplikationen, wie z. B. perioperative Mortalität,
permanente Dialysepflichtigkeit, spinale Ischämie, Schlaganfall oder
Mesenterialischämie, ist ein hohes Maß an intraoperativer Protektion, z. B.
mittels Liquordrainage, Point-of-Care-Gerinnungstherapie, distaler oder
selektiver Aortenperfusion im Sinne eines temporären Linksherzbypasses und
sequenziellem Clamping der Aorta erforderlich. Trotz der Dominanz der
endovaskulären Therapie ist diese Expertise aber weiterhin nötig, um spezifische
Indikationen, wie beispielsweise junges Patientenalter oder
Bindegewebserkrankungen bzw. Protheseninfektionen, sicher versorgen zu können.
Zusätzlich ist nicht jedes Aneurysma oder jede Dissektion anatomisch langfristig
sicher mit einer endovaskulären Behandlung zu therapieren.Die aktuelle Evidenzlage sieht einen geringen, meist nicht statistisch
signifikanten Vorteil von TEVAR und f/bEVAR versus OR bei den wichtigsten kurz-
und mittelfristigen Ergebnisparametern, bei deutlich geringerer Invasivität und
verkürzter Krankenhausliegedauer. Im langfristigen Verlauf sind die Ergebnisse
bezüglich Gesamtüberleben und Re-Interventionsraten bzw. sekundärer
Komplikationen bei OR deutlich besser.Der offene thorakoabdominelle Aortenersatz ist also nach wie vor mehr als ein
exklusives Hobby, sondern vielmehr eine absolute Notwendigkeit im Gesamtspektrum
der aortalen Chirurgie, dessen Bedeutung in den nächsten Jahren mutmaßlich
wieder zunimmt.
Multiple Congenital Ocular Anomalies in a silver coat Missouri Fox Trotter stallion
Authors: Herb Verena Maria , Zehetner Verena , Blohm Klaas-Ole 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis is the first description of Multiple Congenital Ocular Anomalies (MCOA) in a silver coat Missouri Fox Trotter determined to be heterozygous for the Silver PMEL17 missense mutation associated with MCOA and a silver coat in other breeds. The stallion was treated for meningoencephalitis and bilateral uveitis of unknown origin. A complete ophthalmic examination and ocular ultrasonography were performed. As an incidental finding, the patient exhibited bilateral cystic lesions restricted to the temporal anterior uvea consistent with the Cyst phenotype and was genotyped heterozygous for the Silver mutation. Additionally, 4 other non-silver colored Missouri Fox Trotters were genotyped homozygous for the wild-type allele. Screening for PMEL17 mutation in Missouri Fox Trotters accompanied by ophthalmic phenotype characterization is recommended to determine the allelic frequency and facilitate informed breeding decisions since the silver coat color is particularly popular.
Debatte infrarenales AAA bei jüngeren Patienten („fit for open repair“): Der offene Aortenersatz ist sicher und hat ein besseres Langzeitergebnis
Authors: Dorweiler Bernhard , Mylonas Spyridon , Salem Oroa 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDie endovaskuläre Aneurysmatherapie, initial als Behandlungsverfahren für diejenigen Patienten eingeführt, die ein prohibitives Risiko für den offenen Aortenersatz vorwiesen, hat sich nach technischer Evolution zu einer sicheren und letztendlich präferierten Behandlungsmodalität des Bauchaortenaneurysmas für alle Patienten entwickelt. Die Spätanalysen der prospektiv-randomisierten Studien zur endovaskulären Behandlung belegen allerdings eine eingeschränkte Ergebnisqualität gegenüber der offenen Operation durch erhöhte Sterblichkeit und Reinterventionsrate im Langzeitverlauf (8 Jahre). Die offen-chirurgische Behandlung des infrarenalen Bauchaortenaneurysmas kann eine Erfahrung im klinischen Einsatz von 7 Dekaden vorweisen und erzielt gerade bei jüngeren Patienten mit niedrigem operativem Risiko exzellente Ergebnisse. Faktoren wie Narbenbrüche, erektile Dysfunktion oder reduzierte Lebensqualität, die meist als spezifischer Nachteil der offenen Operation angeführt werden,
können wirksam verhindert werden (Netzimplantation) bzw. zeigen in neueren Metaanalysen keinen Unterschied zur endovaskulären Therapie. Der individuellen Beurteilung des Patienten sowie seines operativen Risikos anhand validierter Parameter kommt damit eine zentrale Bedeutung in der Weichenstellung zwischen den beiden Behandlungsverfahren zu, die im Falle von niedrigem Alter und Komorbiditätsprofil, großem Aneurysma sowie ggf. vorhandener atoper Nierenarterien bzw. dominanter A. mesenterica inferior eine Empfehlung für die offene Operation favorisieren sollte.
Does Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest for Aortic Surgery Trigger Near-Death Experience? Incidence of Near-Death Experiences after Aortic Surgeries Performed under Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest
Authors: Mauduit Marion , Anselmi Amedeo , Tomasi Jacques , Belhaj Soulami Reda , Le Bars Florent , Flecher Erwan , Verhoye Jean-Philippe 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background Understanding near-death experiences (NDE) could provide a new insight into the analysis of human consciousness and the neurocognitive processes happening upon the approach of death. With a temporary interruption of systemic perfusion, aortic surgery under hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) may be the only available model of reversible clinical death. We present, herein, the results of an observational study designed to assess the incidence of NDE after aortic surgery.
Methods We performed a prospective study including consecutive patients who underwent thoracic aortic surgery between July 2018 and September 2019 at our institution. Procedures without HCA were included to constitute a control group. The primary outcome was the incidence of NDE assessed with the Greyson NDE scale during the immediate postoperative course, via a standardized interview of the patients in the surgical ward.
Results One hundred and one patients were included. Twenty-one patients (20.8%) underwent nonelective interventions for aortic dissection. Ninety-one patients had hemiarch replacement (90.1%). Sixty-seven (66.3%) interventions were performed with HCA, with an average circulatory arrest duration of 26.9 ± 25.5 minutes, and a mean body temperature of 23.7 ± 3.8°C. None of the patients reported any recollection from their period of unconsciousness. There was no NDE experiencer in the study cohort.
Conclusion Several confounding factors regarding anesthesia, or NDE evaluation, might have impaired the chance of NDE recollections, and might have contributed to this negative result. Whether HCA may trigger NDE remains unknown.
A Case of Pott's Puffy Tumor from Odontogenic Source
Authors: Merrill Tyler , Davis Kyle , Gardner James Reed , Kanaan Alissa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPott's puffy tumor (PPT) is a known complication of frontal sinusitis. Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis can seldomly spread to involve the frontal sinus but has not been implicated in the development of PPT. Herein, we describe a case of frontal sinusitis originating from an odontogenic source and culminating in PPT.
Treatment of Class II Malocclusion With Removable Functional Appliances: A Narrative Review
Authors: Hirji Saima Nizar , Qamruddin Irfan , Mudassar Muhammad Adeel , Khurshid Zohaib , Alam Mohammad Khursheed 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAround half of all malocclusions that need orthodontic treatment are Class II in nature. Patients with Class II malocclusion primarily seek treatment for aesthetic improvement. Most of the skeletal class II malocclusions are because of mandibular deficiency, and can be best treated during the growing phase of development by removable functional appliances. The objective of this review is to evaluate and compare skeletal and dentoalveolar effects of various removable functional appliances in the treatment of class II malocclusion. Manual and electronic databases were searched, and out of 5,711 articles, 221 abstracts were shortlisted and reviewed. A total of 19 articles that fulfilled the selection criteria was then retrieved and analyzed. A significant increase in mandibular length and dentoalveolar effects with an increase in vertical dimension in a short time was observed with Twin-Block appliance treatment, followed by Bionator appliance treatment. The long-term stability of results achieved with Twin-Block appliance treatment is still questionable. In addition, Frankel appliance treatment effects are more skeletal in nature, with better control in the vertical dimension. However, it takes a more extended treatment duration to produce similar effects. Based on available evidence, we are convinced that removable functional appliances are valuable tools for correction of the Class II malocclusion at a growing age with a horizontal growth pattern.
The Lip Repositioning Surgery: A Review of the Technique's Evolution
Authors: Gonzales-Medina Kelly , Mendoza-Geng Andrea , Vergara-Buenaventura Andrea 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe lip repositioning technique (LRT) is considered a safe and predictable gummy smile (GS) treatment. However, since Rubinstein and Kostianovsky introduced it in 1973, it has undergone several modifications. This article aims to review and provide a historical compilation of LRT evolution to help clinicians understand each technique's description and the rationale for its modifications to treat GS.An electronic search was performed in Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane Library up to May 2021 including the terms “lip repositioning,” “lip repositioning technique,” or “lip repositioning surgery” and studies evaluating or discussing the original LRT's modifications in detail. The search had no language or time restrictions. Additionally, a hand-searching of references of all included articles was performed.Modifications described in the literature include muscle severance, subperiosteal dissection of the gingiva, frenectomies, and the use of adjuvant products. They aim to minimize relapse, morbidity, and improve stability. Discomfort, scar formation, and pain were the most frequent complications reported. The choice to use a modification should be analyzed and customized to the individual patient's needs.
Effects of verbal instruction vs. modelling on imitation and overimitation
Authors: Papa Aliki , Cristea Mioara , McGuigan Nicola , Tamariz Monica 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHuman culture is the result of a unique cumulative evolutionary process. Despite the importance of culture for our species the social transmission mechanisms underlying this process are still not fully understood. In particular, the role of language—another unique human behaviour—in social transmission is under-explored. In this first direct, systematic comparison of demonstration vs. language-based social learning, we ran transmission chains of participants (6- to 8-year-old children and adults from Cyprus) who attempted to extract a reward from a puzzle box after either watching a model demonstrate an action sequence or after listening to verbal instructions describing the action sequence. The initial seeded sequences included causally relevant and irrelevant actions allowing us to measure transmission fidelity and the accumulation of beneficial modifications through the lens of a subtractive ratchet effect. Overall, we found that, compared to demonstration, verbal instruction specifically enhanced the faithful transmission of causally irrelevant actions (overimitation) in children, but not in adults. Cumulative cultural evolution requires the faithful transmission of sophisticated, complex behaviour whose function may not be obvious. This indicates that, by supporting the retention of actions that appear to lack a causal function specifically by children, language may play a supportive role in cumulative cultural evolution.
Short-term high-fat feeding exacerbates degeneration in retinitis pigmentosa by promoting retinal oxidative stress and inflammation
Authors: Kutsyr Oksana , Noailles Agustina , Martínez-Gil Natalia , Maestre-Carballa Lucía , Martinez-Garcia Manuel , Maneu Victoria , Cuenca Nicolás , Lax Pedro 
Published: October 2021

SignificanceThe retina is considered a window to the brain, and retinal degenerative diseases involve the same mechanisms as those of other neurodegenerative disorders. Neuronal degeneration is a complex process involving environmental stress, which can affect vulnerable neurons. High-fat diet–induced metabolic alterations may influence retinal homeostasis and exacerbate retinal degenerative diseases. This study provides evidence that short-term high-fat feeding promotes glucose intolerance, gut microbiome dysbiosis, retinal oxidative stress, and inflammation and accelerates the pathologic processes in retinal disease.
When in parliamentary debate there is no debate
Authors: Rubio-Carbonero Gema , Franco-Guillén Núria 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
On the 1st October 2017 an independence referendum was organised in Catalonia. The aim of this paper is to analyse the
nature of the political debate going on in the Catalan Parliament during the whole process by focusing on the kind of argumentation
strategies that were used by each of the leanings to legitimise their political decisions. We do that relying on a methodological
distinction that differentiates between sound argumentation and fallacious argumentation. By using a Critical Discourse Analysis approach,
this study offers a wide picture of the kind of argumentation used by the main political actors involved in the process of decision making
in Catalonia. The results show that there is more emphasis in antagonising with the others, than engaging in sound argument exchange that
could facilitate minimal points of consensus. Such results may help explain why the Catalan conflict is still unsolved at the political
level.
Effects of processing parameters on the fracture behaviour of cold roll bonded and accumulative roll bonded Al–Cu lamellar composites
Authors: Yousefi Mehr Vahid , Rezaeian Ahmad , Toroghinejad Mohammad Reza 
Published: October 2021

Al–Cu composites were fabricated by cold roll bonding (CRB) and accumulative roll bonding (ARB) processes. The effects of different parameters were investigated on the failure mechanism of the composites. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an optical microscope (OM) were used to characterise the microstructures of the resulting composites. The peeled surfaces of the CRBed material revealed that micro-cracks were formed almost perpendicular to the rolling direction and caused the premature failure of the bonding during the peeling test. Also, tensile, microhardness and shear punch tests were conducted on the Al–Cu composites produced under different conditions. Failure analysis of the non-heat-treated composites revealed that the layers separated from the middle of ARBed specimens. However, these centre-line separations were alleviated in composites subjected to heat treatment, even though the initiation of inter-lamellar micro-cracks were observed due to the formation of intermetallic compounds for heat-treated specimens.
Unravelling the phonon scattering mechanism in half-Heusler alloys ZrCo1−
x
Ir
x
Sb (x
= 0, 0.1 and 0.25)
Authors: Yadav Kavita , Singh Saurabh , Muthuswamy Omprakash , Takeuchi Tsunehiro , Mukherjee K 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Insight about the scattering mechanisms responsible for reduction in the lattice thermal conductivity (κ
L) in half-Heusler alloys (HHA) is imperative. In this context, we have thoroughly investigated the temperature response of thermal conductivity of ZrCo1−x
Ir
x
Sb (x = 0, 0.1 and 0.25). For ZrCoSb, κ
L is found to be ∼15.13 W m−1 K−1 at 300 K, which is drastically reduced to ∼4.37 W m−1 K−1 in ZrCo0.9Ir0.1Sb. This observed reduction is ascribed to softening of acoustic phonon modes and point defect scattering, on substitution of heavier mass. However, no further reduction in κ
L is observed in ZrCo0.75Ir0.25Sb, because of identical scattering parameter. This has been elucidated based on the Klemen’s Callaway model. Also, in the parent alloy, phonon–phonon scattering mechanism plays a significant role in heat conduction process, whereas in Ir substituted alloys, point defect scattering (below 500 K) and phonon–phonon scattering (above 750 K) are the dominant scattering mechanisms. The minimum κ
L is found to be ∼1.73 W m−1 K−1 (at 950 K) in ZrCo0.9Ir0.1Sb, which is the lowest reported value till now, for n-type Zr based HHA. Our studies indicate that partial substitution of heavier mass element Ir at Co-site effectively reduces the κ
L of n-type ZrCoSb, without modifying the nature of charge carriers.
3D nitrogen-doped graphene created by the secondary intercalation of ethanol with enhanced specific capacity
Authors: Fu Haiyang , Gao Bo , Hu Chenglong , Liu Zhuang , Hu Liang , Kan Jiawen , Feng Zhongbao , Xing Pengfei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Here, we report an improved synthesis strategy for 3D nitrogen-doped graphene to increase the specific capacity of supercapacitors. Ethanol replaces the strong oxidant hydrogen peroxide in the improved Hummers method, and the loose porous structure is conducive to charge transfer. N-doped porous 3D graphene was synthesized from RGO-C prepared by ethanol secondary intercalation modification of functional groups. Ammonia was selected as the dopant; the microstructure and electrochemical performance of samples synthesized at different temperatures were examined. The results demonstrate that the 3D nitrogen-doped graphene (N-RGO-5) had a layered tuple shape with a sheet thickness of 0.612 nm.The specific surface area of the 3D N-RGO-5, which was prepared at 190°C, was 258.371 m2 g−1, which was higher than that (5.877 m2 g−1) of the original graphite. The 3D N-RGO-5 exhibited a specific capacitance of 236 F g−1 and an energy density of 32.78 Wh kg−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, which is 27% higher than the specific capacitance of RGO. The 3D N-RGO-5 demonstrated an excellent capacity retention rate of 93.6% after 5000 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1. This study demonstrates that the unique 3D structure and N-doping of N-RGO considerably improved the overall energy storage performance of graphene-based nanomaterials.
Mist chemical vapor deposition of crystalline MoS2 atomic layer films using sequential mist supply mode and its application in field-effect transistors
Authors: Kuddus Abdul , Rajib Arifuzzaman , Yokoyama Kojun , Shida Tomohiro , Ueno Keiji , Shirai Hajime 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) mono/bilayer have been systematically investigated using atmospheric-pressure mist chemical vapor deposition (mist CVD) from (NH4)2MoS4 dissolved in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as a precursor. Film deposition was performed by alternating MoS2 mist storage within a closed chamber and mist exhaust, i.e. sequential mist supply mode at different furnace temperatures, storage times of precursor, and repetition cycles of mist supply on thermally grown SiO2 (th-SiO2) and mist-CVD grown Al1−x
Ti
x
O
y
(ATO) layers coated on p+-Si substrates. The average size of the MoS2 flake and their number of stack layers could be controlled by tuning the deposition parameters combined with substrate pretreatment. Field-effect transistors with MoS2 atomic mono/bilayer as a channel layer exhibited mobility up to 31–40 (43–55) cm2 V−1 s−1 with a threshold voltage of −1.6 (−0.5) V, subthreshold slope of 0.8 (0.11) V dec.−1, and on/off ratio of 3.2 × 104 (3.6 × 105) on th-SiO2 (ATO) layers as gate dielectric layers without mechanical exfoliation. These findings imply that mist CVD is available for the synthesis of metal transition metal dichalcogenide and metal oxide layers as channel and gate dielectric layers, respectively.