bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The views of New Zealand general practitioners and patients on a proposed risk assessment and communication tool: a qualitative study using Normalisation Process Theory
Authors: Leitch Sharon , Smith Alesha , Crengle Sue , Stokes Tim 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Communicating risks of medication harm and obtaining informed consent is difficult due to structural barriers, language and cultural practices, bias and a lack of resources appropriately tailored for the health literacy of most patients. A decision support tool was proposed to alert prescribers of risk and provide tailored information for patients to facilitate informed decision-making with patients and their whānau (family) around medication use. Patient and prescriber co-design was used to ensure the tool was designed to best meet the needs of end-users and avoid increasing health inequity. This paper describes the first stage of the co-design process.

Method
Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) was used to prospectively evaluate the tool. Semi-structured interviews were held with fifteen patients (five Māori, five Pasifika and five NZ European) and nine general practitioners (two Māori and seven European).

Results
Three themes were identified, which related to the three NPT concepts most relevant to developing the tool. Theme 1 (coherence: meaning and sense making by participants) explored participants’ understanding of prescribing safety, medication harm and risk, which is based on experience. Patients want as much information as possible about their medications and risk, but doctors find it difficult to communicate that information. Theme 2 related to the NPT concept of cognitive participation (commitment and engagement by participants) explored what participants thought about a prescribing decision support tool. Participants were cautiously optimistic, but worried about potential harm arising from its use. They also identified requirements for the tool and features to avoid. Theme 3 describes the collective action required for successful implementation of the tool; namely, culturally safe and trustworthy doctor-patient relationships.

Conclusion
Patients and general practitioners provided different perspectives when prospectively evaluating the proposed risk assessment and communication tool. This co-design research identified important pre-requisites for the tool and features to avoid and novel ideas for the proposed tool. Overall participants supported the development of the proposed risk assessment and communication tool, but identified the important role that doctor-patient relationships would play to ensure successful implementation. The use of Māori and Pacific languages in the proposed tool may enhance engagement and understanding.
HDL Particle Subspecies and Their Association With Incident Type 2 Diabetes: The PREVEND Study
Authors: Sokooti Sara , Flores-Guerrero Jose L , Kieneker Lyanne M , Heerspink Hiddo J L , Connelly Margery A , Bakker Stephan J L , Dullaart Robin P F 
Published: February 2021

AbstractContextHigh-density lipoproteins (HDL) may be protective against type 2 diabetes (T2D) development, but HDL particles vary in size and function, which could lead to differential associations with incident T2D. A newly developed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-derived algorithm provides concentrations for 7 HDL subspecies.ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the association of HDL particle subspecies with incident T2D in the general population.MethodsAmong 4828 subjects of the Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-Stage Disease (PREVEND) study without T2D at baseline, HDL subspecies with increasing size from H1P to H7P were measured by NMR (LP4 algorithm of the Vantera NMR platform).ResultsA total of 265 individuals developed T2D (median follow-up of 7.3 years). In Cox regression models, HDL size and H4P (hazard ratio [HR] per 1 SD increase 0.83 [95% CI, 0.69-0.99] and 0.85 [95% CI, 0.75-0.95], respectively) were inversely associated with incident T2D, after adjustment for relevant covariates. In contrast, levels of H2P were positively associated with incident T2D (HR 1.15 [95% CI, 1.01-1.32]). In secondary analyses, associations with large HDL particles and H6P were modified by body mass index (BMI) in such a way that they were particularly associated with a lower risk of incident T2D, in subjects with BMI &lt; 30 kg/m2.ConclusionGreater HDL size and lower levels of H4P were associated with a lower risk, whereas higher levels of H2P were associated with a higher risk of developing T2D. In addition, large HDL particles and H6P were inversely associated with T2D in nonobese subjects.
Low-dose whole-body CT using deep learning image reconstruction: image quality and lesion detection
Authors: Noda Yoshifumi , Kaga Tetsuro , Kawai Nobuyuki , Miyoshi Toshiharu , Kawada Hiroshi , Hyodo Fuminori , Kambadakone Avinash , Matsuo Masayuki 
Published: February 2021

Objectives:
To evaluate image quality and lesion detection capabilities of low-dose (LD) portal venous phase whole-body computed tomography (CT) using deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR).

Methods:
The study cohort of 59 consecutive patients (mean age, 67.2 years) who underwent whole-body LD CT and a prior standard-dose (SD) CT reconstructed with hybrid iterative reconstruction (SD-IR) within one year for surveillance of malignancy were assessed. The LD CT images were reconstructed with hybrid iterative reconstruction of 40% (LD-IR) and DLIR (LD-DLIR). The radiologists independently evaluated image quality (5-point scale) and lesion detection. Attenuation values in Hounsfield units (HU) of the liver, pancreas, spleen, abdominal aorta, and portal vein; the background noise and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the liver, pancreas, and spleen were calculated. Qualitative and quantitative parameters were compared between the SD-IR, LD-IR, and LD-DLIR images. The CT dose-index volumes (CTDIvol) and dose-length product (DLP) were compared between SD and LD scans.

Results:
The image quality and lesion detection rate of the LD-DLIR was comparable to the SD-IR. The image quality was significantly better in SD-IR than in LD-IR (p &lt; 0.017). The attenuation values of all anatomical structures were comparable between the SD-IR and LD-DLIR (p = 0.28–0.96). However, background noise was significantly lower in the LD-DLIR (p &lt; 0.001) and resulted in improved SNRs (p &lt; 0.001) compared to the SD-IR and LD-IR images. The mean CTDIvol and DLP were significantly lower in the LD (2.9 mGy and 216.2 mGy•cm) than in the SD (13.5 mGy and 1011.6 mGy•cm) (p &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusion:
LD CT images reconstructed with DLIR enable radiation dose reduction of &gt;75% while maintaining image quality and lesion detection rate and superior SNR in comparison to SD-IR.

Advances in knowledge:
Deep learning image reconstruction algorithm enables around 80% reduction in radiation dose while maintaining the image quality and lesion detection compared to standard-dose whole-body CT.
Limited containment options of COVID-19 outbreak revealed by regional agent-based simulations for South Africa
Authors: Bossert Andreas , Kersting Moritz , Timme Marc , Schröder Malte , Feki Azza , Coetzee Justin , Schlüter Jan 
Published: February 2021

Background: COVID-19 has spread from China across Europe and the United States and has become a global pandemic. In countries of the Global South, due to often weaker socioeconomic options and health care systems, effective local countermeasures remain debated. Methods: We combine large-scale socioeconomic and traffic survey data with detailed agent-based simulations of local transportation to analyze COVID-19 spreading in a regional model for the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality in South Africa under a range of countermeasure scenarios. Results: The simulations indicate that any realistic containment strategy, including those similar to the one ongoing in South Africa, may yield a manifold overload of available intensive care units. Only immediate and the most severe countermeasures, up to a complete lock-down that essentially inhibits all joint human activities, can contain the epidemic effectively. Conclusions: As South Africa exhibits rather favorable conditions compared to many other countries of the Global South, our findings constitute rough conservative estimates and may support identifying strategies towards containing COVID-19 as well as any major future pandemics in these countries.
Guidance for ensuring fair and ethical broad consent for future use. A scoping review protocol.
Authors: Maxwell Lauren , Gilyan Regina , Chavan Sayali Arvind , Merson Laura , Saxena Abha , Terry Rob 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Broad consent for future use is the reuse of data and/or samples collected by a study by researchers who may not be affiliated with the original study team for purposes that may differ from the objectives of the original study. Sharing participant-level data and samples collected from research participants facilitates reuse and transparency and can accelerate drug or vaccine development, research findings, and translation. Data reuse and synthesis help prevent unnecessary research, thereby respecting research participants time and efforts and building their trust in the research process. Despite these myriad benefits, data and sample sharing represent a significant investment of time for the team that collected the data or samples, and may present additional risks for research participants, including that of re-identifiability and incidental findings, or for the source community. This scoping review will summarize existing guidance on broad consent for future use and highlight evidence gaps related to the ethical, equitable implementation of broad consent for future use. Methods and analysis: We will apply the Arskey and O’Malley scoping review methodology and best practice as outlined in the Joanna Briggs scoping review guidelines. The research questions have been identified through a literature review and consultation with subject-matter experts. The systematic search will be conducted in three databases using a tailored search strategy. We will search the reference lists of included articles or related systematic reviews for additional citations. The title-abstract and full text screening and charting the data will be conducted independently by two reviewers. Discrepancies will be resolved by a third reviewer. Results will be summarized in narrative form. Ethics and dissemination: This scoping review summarizes findings from existing publications and grey literature rather than primary data and, as such, does not require ethics review. Findings will be disseminated through an open access publication and webinar.
The barriers and facilitators to implementing screening in emergency departments: a qualitative evidence synthesis (QES) protocol exploring the experiences of healthcare workers
Authors: Barry Louise , Galvin Rose , Murphy Tighe Sylvia , O'Connor Margaret , Ryan Damian , Meskell Pauline 
Published: February 2021

Background: Screening in the emergency department (ED) can identify individuals in need of targeted assessment and early intervention in the hospital or community setting. Time pressures, inadequate resources, poor integration of screening tools into clinical workflow and lack of staff training are barriers to successfully implementing screening in the ED. Tailored implementation processes and education programmes were identified as facilitators. The aim of this QES is to synthesise evidence pertaining to the barriers and facilitators to implementing screening in the ED. This review will focus on the experience of healthcare workers (HCWs) who are involved in this process. Methods: A comprehensive literature search will be completed in Scopus, CINAHL, Medline, Embase, Pubmed and Cochrane library. Grey literature sources will be searched and include Open Grey, Google Scholar, Lenus Irish Health Repository, Science.Gov and Embase Grey Literature. Qualitative or mixed methods studies that include qualitative data on the experiences of HCWs will be included. “Best fit” framework synthesis will be utilised to produce a context specific conceptual model to describe and explain how these barriers and facilitators may impact on implementation. An a priori framework of themes, formed from the existing evidence base, will inform the ultimate thematic analysis and assist in the organisation and interpretation of search results, ensuring the QES is built upon current findings. CASP will be utilised to quality appraise articles and GRADE CERQual will assess confidence in the QES findings. The screening, quality appraisal, data extraction and assessment of confidence in findings will be completed by two reviewers independently and in duplicate. Contingencies for conflict management during these processes will be outlined. Conclusions: This synthesis, will offer a new conceptual model for describing healthcare workers’ experience of the barriers and facilitators that impact on the implementation of screening tools in the ED. Registration: PROSPERO CRD42020188712 05/07/20
Generation of human midbrain organoids from induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Mohamed Nguyen-Vi , Mathur Meghna , da Silva Ronan V. , Thomas Rhalena A. , Lepine Paula , Beitel Lenore K. , Fon Edward A. , Durcan Thomas M. 
Published: February 2021

The development of brain organoids represents a major technological advance in the stem cell field, a novel bridge between traditional 2D cultures and in vivo animal models. In particular, the development of midbrain organoids containing functional dopaminergic neurons producing neuromelanin granules, a by-product of dopamine synthesis, represents a potential new model for Parkinson’s disease. To generate human midbrain organoids, we introduce specific inductive cues, at defined timepoints, during the 3D culture process to drive the stem cells towards a midbrain fate. In this method paper, we describe a standardized protocol to generate human midbrain organoids (hMOs) from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). This protocol was developed to demonstrate how human iPSCs can be successfully differentiated into numerous, high quality midbrain organoids in one batch. We also describe adaptations for cryosectioning of fixed organoids for subsequent histological analysis.
Tackling Root Causes Upstream of Unhealthy Urban Development (TRUUD): Protocol of a five-year prevention research consortium
Authors: Black Daniel , Ayres Sarah , Bondy Krista , Brierley Rachel , Campbell Rona , Carhart Neil , Coggon John , Eaton Eleanor , Fichera Eleonora , Gibson Andy , Hatleskog Eli , Hickman Matthew , Hicks Ben , Hunt Alistair , Pain Kathy , Pearce Nick , Pilkington Paul , Rosenberg Ges , Scally Gabriel 
Published: February 2021

Poor quality urban environments substantially increase non-communicable disease. Responsibility for associated decision-making is dispersed across multiple agents and systems: fast growing urban authorities are the primary gatekeepers of new development and change in the UK, yet the driving forces are remote private sector interests supported by a political economy focused on short-termism and consumption-based growth. Economic valuation of externalities is widely thought to be fundamental, yet evidence on how to value and integrate it into urban development decision-making is limited, and it forms only a part of the decision-making landscape. Researchers must find new ways of integrating socio-environmental costs at numerous key leverage points across multiple complex systems. This mixed-methods study comprises of six highly integrated work packages. It aims to develop and test a multi-action intervention in two urban areas: one on large-scale mixed-use development, the other on major transport. The core intervention is the co-production with key stakeholders through interviews, workshops, and participatory action research, of three areas of evidence: economic valuations of changed health outcomes; community-led media on health inequalities; and routes to potential impact mapped through co-production with key decision-makers, advisors and the lay public. This will be achieved by: mapping system of actors and processes involved in each case study; developing, testing and refining the combined intervention; evaluating the extent to which policy and practice changes amongst our target users, and the likelihood of impact on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) downstream. The integration of such diverse disciplines and sectors presents multiple practical/operational issues. The programme is testing new approaches to research, notably with regards practitioner-researcher integration and transdisciplinary research co-leadership. Other critical risks relate to urban development timescales, uncertainties in upstream-downstream causality, and the demonstration of impact.
Fast full-field modulation transfer function analysis for photographic lens quality assessment
Authors: Delley Bernard , van den Bergh Frans 
Published: February 2021

Full-field modulation transfer function (MTF) data based on the slanted-edge method can give useful insights on the performance of a photographic lens sample and its shortcomings. Decentering and other out-of-tolerance states are recognized easily. A process to derive accurate lens MTF from slanted-edge spatial frequency response measurements is presented, covering chart design and alignment, data capture by standard digital cameras, slanted-edge algorithm implementation requirements, sensor and chart MTF corrections, and also visualization of the results. It is demonstrated that the reliability of the measured MTF values is by far good enough to support automated quality assessment with a measurement accuracy of

≈

0.02

MTF and repeatability of

≲
0.005

up to 100 c/mm. The measured full-field MTF values provide an unambiguous numerical criterion for comparison with expectations based on lens design.
High-sensitivity biomedical sensor based on photoacoustic and cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy with a new software platform for breath analysis
Authors: Bayrakli Ismail , Akman Hatice , Sari Filiz 
Published: February 2021

An easy-to-use highly sensitive sensor is reported for trace gas analysis. A near-infrared fiber-coupled external cavity diode laser in combination with a photoacoustic spectroscopy cell and a cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy cell is used for analysis of trace gases. A software platform for direct absorption and wavelength modulation spectroscopy is developed in order to identify and quantify the molecules and to achieve a higher signal-to-noise ratio. Considering all of these features, the main advantage of our system is to analyze two different samples simultaneously and quickly. Trace gas measurement is assessed, and a detection limit of 1.5 ppb at

6528.76

c

m

−
1

for ammonia is demonstrated. Furthermore, the sensor with our software platform can be easily used outside of the laboratory, for example, in hospitals.
Presence of myxoid stromal change and fibrotic focus in pathological examination are prognostic factors of triple-negative breast cancer: Results from a retrospective single-center study
Authors: Yanai Hirotsugu , Yoshikawa Katsuhiro , Ishida Mitsuaki , Tsuta Koji , Sekimoto Mitsugu , Sugie Tomoharu 
Published: February 2021

Background
Stromal reaction is an important prognostic factor in several cancers, and the presence of myxoid change was assessed as a poor prognostic factor in colorectal cancer. However, the prognostic significance of myxoid change in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains unknown. This study aimed to determine the prognostic significance of myxoid change and fibrotic focus (FF), which is a fibrotic area within the tumor and considered a poor prognostic indicator in patients with TNBC.

Methods
We enrolled 62 patients with TNBC and reviewed the surgically resected specimens to evaluate myxoid change and FF in the tumor using previously outlined criteria. We evaluated tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) using hematoxylin and eosin slides. Overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) were compared based on the presence of myxoid change and/or FF, and the risk factors for RFS were analyzed.

Results
Myxoid change and FF were observed in 25.8% and 33.9% of specimens, respectively. Based on stromal lymphocyte infiltration, 19 patients (30.6%) had high TILs, while the remaining 43 patients (69.4%) had low/intermediate TILs. Presence of myxoid change was significantly correlated with poor OS and RFS (p = 0.040 and 0.031, respectively). FF was also significantly correlated with poor OS and RFS (p = 0.012 and 0.028, respectively). The combination of myxoid change and FF was an independent and poor prognostic factor according to the multivariate analysis (HR 11.61; 95% CI 1.027–131.2; p = 0.048). Presence of myxoid change and FF were significantly associated with low/intermediate TILs in the stroma (p = 0.013).

Conclusions
Histopathological assessment of myxoid change and FF in TNBC may be a useful, practical, and easily assessable method for predicting prognosis in patients with TNBC, which should be confirmed in larger prospective studies. Diagnostic criteria for the establishment of myxoid change and FF in TNBC must be established, and their underlying molecular events must be clarified.
Evaluation of hip arthroscopy using a hip-specific distractor for the treatment of femoroacetabular impingement
Authors: Charles Tatiana , Jayankura Marc 
Published: February 2021

Background and study aims
Hip arthroscopy using an orthopaedic traction table has been associated with traction-related neurovascular complications. Since the use of a hip-specific distractor for performing hip arthroscopy hasn’t been associated with those specific complications we hypothesized that a hip-specific distractor might facilitate the learning curve of hip arthroscopy for beginner surgeons.

Material and methods
We reviewed retrospectively the first 56 hip arthroscopies performed to treat femoro-acetabular impingement using a hip-specific distractor. We tried to analyse the learning curve of this procedure using operative time, peri- and postoperative complications, hospital stay and patient satisfaction. We also evaluated pre- and postoperative sports activities and tried to identify some factors as poor postoperative prognostic factors.

Results
Only 1 major complication occurred. No traction-related complications have been encountered. The curves analysing intervention time and postoperative satisfaction rate showed improvement after 30 cases performed. In all cases, we were able to perform the whole planned gesture without difficulties accessing the hip joint.

Conclusion
The hip-specific distractor is a safe and reproducible method in performing hip arthroscopy without any traction-related complications or time limits.