bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classification and categorization of Brazilian agricultural startups (Agtechs)
Authors: Bertucci Ramos Paulo Henrique , Pedroso Marcelo Caldeira 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to identify and analyze the agtech classification and categorization systems in the Brazilian context.

Design/methodology/approach
The systematic literature review (SLR) was carried out according to the protocol of Kitchenham and Charters (2007). The classification systems found in literature were evaluated using the thinking aloud protocol, as proposed by Ericsson and Simon (1993). The responses obtained were evaluated through lexicographic analysis, described by Bécue-Bertaut (2019) and content analysis, described by Bardin (2011).

Findings
SLR identified four agtech classification systems. The model proposed by Dias, Jardim, and Sakuda (2019) was the one with the highest adherence to classify Brazilian agtechs. From the analysis of the systems found in literature, the authors proposed a new categorization model of agricultural startups (agtechs).

Research limitations/implications
The study has limitations in relation to the theoretical and empirical validation of the model proposed by the authors. This limitation can be the subject of subsequent research.

Practical implications
The SLR study considers the evolution of the classification systems of a new agribusiness reality, the agtechs. In addition, there is a practical contribution in proposing a new classification system that attempts to address some of the limitations found in previous studies.

Originality/value
Agtechs are startups focused on developing solutions for agriculture and have shown a significant increase in recent years. However, there are few studies focused on this type of company. Even rarer are the studies that seek to classify and categorize them. The present work opens the horizon for future studies focused on this new reality.
Reliability analysis on the train control system in the CTCS-3 operating mode
Authors: Shi Lijuan , Wang Jian 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to study the reliability of the high-speed train operation control system in the Chinese Train Control System Level 3 (CTCS-3) operating mode.

Design/methodology/approach
Dynamic fault tree and Bayesian network method are adopted to analyze the reliability and weakness of the CTCS-3 system.

Findings
First, a physical architecture and data flow diagram of the CTCS-3 system are established according to the typical structure and functions of the CTCS-3 system. Second, the dynamic fault tree of the CTCS-3 system is constructed. Considering the prior probability of the bottom event and the existence of dynamic redundancy, the dynamic fault tree is transformed into a Bayesian net. The reliability of the CTCS-3 system is carried out based on the prior probability and the weakness that affects the reliability of the system based on the posterior probability is also analyzed by the Bayesian network. Finally, it is disclosed that the impact of the on-board subsystem on the reliability of the CTCS-3 system is generally greater than that of the ground subsystem. The two weakest modules in the onboard subsystem are the driver-machine interface (DMI) and balise transmission module (BTM) and the weakest one in the ground subsystem is Balise. The analysis results are generally consistent with the malfunctions in the field operation of China’s high-speed railway.

Originality/value
(1) By reasoning, the reliability of the train operation control system in the CTCS-3 operating mode meets the standard requirements.
(2) Through backward reasoning, it is found that the failure of the onboard subsystem leads to a greater probability of failure of the train control system.
(3) The DMI, BTM and automatic train protection computer unit modules are weak components in the onboard subsystem. Vital digit input&output, train interface unit and train security gateway are rarely involved in previous research, the result in this paper shows that these three modules are also weak components in the subsystem, which requires attention.
Misunderstanding on germination sensu stricto leads us to a false positive germination‐dormancy balance in diaspores of Paepalanthus chiquitensis Herzog (Eriocaulaceae), a threatened everlasting flowering species
Authors: Gonçalves‐Magalhães Carollayne , de Santana Denise G. , Ribeiro‐Oliveira João Paulo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlthough germination sensu stricto and germination–dormancy balance are essential to each other, few reports demonstrate the effects of their relationship on patterns of seed–seedling transition. We studied this relationship by using diaspores of Paepalanthus chiquitensis, a threatened everlasting flowering species. We assessed three aspects: (a) water dynamics in germinating diaspores, (b) thermal stimulation (35, 40, 50, 60 and 70°C for 30 min) and (c) imbibition (4 hr) in growth stimulators (100, 200 or 300 mg · L−1 GA3; 0.1% KNO3). Our findings demonstrate that there are no barriers in the diaspore for diffusion. Additionally, there is high variability in diaspore permeability, and the germination of the species has two steps divided into five stages. These stages were defined by inflections on velocity in water dynamics, which ranged from −0.05 to 0.05 g · hr−1, where only the last stage (Phase V) is associated with the second step of germination sensu stricto. The imbibition phase was the shortest germination phase (1.3 hr), whereas the predominantly biochemical phase was the longest (5 days after sowing [DAS]). Germinability was high (77.5–86.5%), with high daily embryo protrusion (2.46–3.03 diaspores · day−1). Protocorm emergence marked the end of the first step of germination sensu stricto (9 DAS), and first protocorm rupture (11 DAS) marked the end of the second step. The growth stimulus only concentrated the germination process, showing that the diaspores do not have primary dormancy. Knowing these diaspores’ peculiarities during germination sensu stricto avoids a false positive statement on the existence of diaspore dormancy.
DIFFERENTIATED CITIZENSHIP: The Everyday Politics of the Urban Poor in Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Butcher Stephanie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article explores the everyday politics through which citizenship is negotiated by diverse residents, analysing the case of Bansighat, an informal settlement in Kathmandu, Nepal. It focuses on both the collective tactics of the Nepali women's federation of the urban poor—Nepal Mahila Ekata Samaj—as well as the quotidian practices of diverse residents around water and sanitation. This analysis reveals the variegated politics through which citizenship plays out—reflecting complex interactions between wider processes of urban transformation in Kathmandu, localized socio‐spatial conditions of Bansighat and long‐standing social relations in Nepali society. The empirical findings help to make more explicit the politics through which some residents are able to capitalize and transform diverse tenure and infrastructural practices into a broader sense of legitimacy or belonging in the city, while simultaneously engendering exclusions for others. This article accordingly reflects on how broader class and ethnic power relations play out through everyday citizenship negotiations, generating differentiated experiences of citizenship for diverse individuals.
New species‐group of brachypterous Idris Förster, 1856 s.l. (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae s.l.) from the Oriental region
Authors: Kamalanathan Veenakumari , Austin Andrew D 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMembers of the cosmopolitan wasp tribe Baeini (Platygastridae s.l.) are obligate endoparasitoids of spider eggs. The group is estimated to have well over 2000 species globally, approximately 80% of which are undescribed. Most species belong to the genus Idris Förster s.l., a megadiverse group which is probably paraphyletic without the inclusion of a number of smaller genera. The group has resisted phylogenetic analysis using morphology largely due to convergence associated with reductional character states or, in the case of molecular analysis, insufficient taxon sampling and markers. To make any headway in understanding the diversity and relationships within the tribe, and particularly for the genus Idris, a pragmatic approach is to describe species groups that can be later incorporated into a broader sampling of taxa for molecular analysis. In taking this approach, we describe two new species from the Oriental region (India) with brachypterous females, Idris benaka sp. nov. and Idris samueli sp. nov., which are assigned to a new species group, the ‘benaka‐group’. These two species are morphologically similar to a number of undescribed Idris from Australia and southern Africa which, if related, point to a possible circum‐Indian Ocean distribution for this species group. In addition, we also discuss the make‐up and relationships of Idris, and the nature of wing reduction in the Baeini.
The MIS 3–2 environments of the middle Kolyma Basin: implications for the Ice Age peopling of northeast Arctic Siberia
Authors: Chlachula Jiri , Cheprasov Maksim Y. , Novgorodov Gavril P. , Obada Theodor F. , Little Edward 
Published: March 2021

The Kolyma region is historically famous for the unique finds of large Pleistocene fauna, yet, until very recently, absent of the time‐corresponding occupation sites. Quaternary geology and palaeontology investigations (2013–2019) in the middle reaches of the Kolyma River (NE Yakutia) have delivered new evidence on the Last Glacial (MIS 4–2) to Early Holocene sub‐arctic ecosystems and the past landscape dynamics retrieved from the fossiliferous bodies exposed from thawed grounds. The palaeoecology multi‐proxies from the MIS 3 (55–24 ka) cryolithic formations document riparian, larch‐dominated northern forests and open parklands with backwater channels, marshlands and lakes. The abundant skeletal remains of Pleistocene ungulates and carnivores, as well as relic flora point to long‐term biomass‐rich interstadial ecosystems and favourable Palaeolithic occupation habitats. Utilized animal bones, worked mammoth ivory and stone tools show the presence of pre‐modern humans in the northeast Russian Arctic >45 000 years ago. Flaked mammoth tusks suggest persistence of settlement during the Last Glacial Maximum in xeric and extremely cold (sub)arctic tundra. The postglacial climate shifts triggered major environmental and hydrological transformations. The final Pleistocene/Early Holocene warming brought restructuring of the Last Ice Age landscape and vanishing of the periglacial tundra‐steppe replaced by the present‐day larch‐dominated Siberian taiga. The mid‐Last Glacial human ecology records from the geographical limits of northeast Siberia have fundamental relevance for the reconstructions of the time trajectories and the natural conditions of peopling of Beringia.
Esophageal varices: A rare non‐cardiac finding in echocardiography
Authors: Maximo José , de Carvalho Daniel Seabra , Duarte Ana , Pinho Paulo , Almeida Jorge , Maciel João 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA 43‐years‐old patient with hepatitis C and HIV co‐infection was referred to debridement of a left sternoclavicular septic arthritis. Due to suspicion of endocarditis, the patient underwent transthoracic echocardiogram which revealed an mass posterior to left atrium and descending aorta. A thoracic computed tomography revealed esophageal varices. Transesophageal echocardiogram was not performed. The patient has progressed favorably.
Early infection by Phytophthora agathidicida up‐regulates photosynthetic activity in Agathis australis seedlings
Authors: D'Souza Kimberley D. , Scott Peter , Williams Nari , Bellgard Stanley E. , Bader Martin K.‐F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNew Zealand kauri (Agathis australis) trees are culturally, socially and ecologically significant within northern New Zealand's nutrient‐poor podocarp forest ecosystems. Phytophthora agathidicida is an aggressive oomycete pathogen, capable of killing A. australis across its ecological range, causing the disease known as kauri dieback. The pathogen, like many other forest Phytophthora species, commences as a fine root rot which progresses to collar rot and resinous cankers on the lower trunk. In this study, we investigated the eco‐physiological and fine root responses of kauri to infection by P. agathidicida and tested whether the foliar application of micronutrients (manganese and zinc combined, iron alone, or a trace element mix) affects dieback disease expression. Fortnightly assessments of chlorophyll‐a‐fluorescence were conducted over 12 weeks, and fine root length and tip numbers were recorded at the end of the experiment. None of the micronutrient treatments had a significant physiological effect regardless of pathogen infection. However, contrary to expectations, pathogen infection caused a significant upregulation in photosynthetic activity over time, as the electron transport rate of infected plants was approximately 26% higher than that of control plants at the end of the trial. These results indicate that an increase in the strength of the below‐ground carbon sink through pathogen consumption of labile carbohydrates (sugars), together with pathogen‐induced root damage, triggered upregulation of photosynthesis in the seedlings. Understanding how P. agathidicida infection affects the physiology and resource allocation in kauri is critical to determining the disease aetiology and management options.
Long‐term tolerability of phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitors in pulmonary hypertension of sickle cell disease
Authors: Cramer‐Bour Cassondra , Ruhl Amy Parker , Nouraie Seyed Mehdi , Emeh Robert O. , Ruopp Nicole F. , Thein Swee Lay , Weir Nargues A. , Klings Elizabeth S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesSickle cell disease‐related pulmonary hypertension (SCD‐PH) is a complex disorder with multifactorial contributory mechanisms. Previous trials have evaluated the efficacy of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) therapies in SCD‐PH with mixed results. We hypothesized that a subset of patients with right heart catheterization (RHC) confirmed disease may benefit from PAH therapy.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of patients with SCD‐PH diagnosed by RHC who were treated with phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor (PDE5‐I) therapy for ≥4 months between 2008 and 2019 at two institutions.ResultsThirty‐six patients were included in the analysis. The median age (IQR) upon PDE5‐I initiation was 47.5 years (35‐51.5 years); 58% were female and twenty‐nine (81%) had HbSS disease. Of these, 53% of patients had a history of acute chest syndrome, 42% had a history of venous thromboembolism, and 38% had imaging consistent with chronic thromboembolic PH. Patients were treated for a median duration of 25 months (IQR 13‐60 months). Use of PDE5‐I was associated with a significant improvement in symptoms as assessed by NYHA Class (P = .002).ConclusionsIn SCD patients with PH defined by RHC, PDE5‐I therapy was tolerated long‐term and may improve physical activity.
A thioacetamide interlayer anchoring TiO2 and (FAPbI3)1−x(MAPbBr3)x for high‐performance perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Chen Yumin , Zhao Andi , Guo Minghuang , Zhu Jingwei , Li Yafeng , Wei Mingdeng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the perovskite solar cells (PSCs), traps of the perovskite film or interface are the research focus, which can severely hinder charge transfer and benefit charge recombination, thus weakening the photoelectric performance of the devices. Herein, a Thioacetamide (TAA) interfacial layer is used to passivate the traps of PSCs. Comparing to the control device (17.65%), the TAA‐based solar cells can achieve an enhanced efficiency of 19.14%. It is found that the passivation caused by TAA occurs through the interactions of sulfur in TAA with undersaturated Pb in perovskite and Ti4+ in TiO2, resulting in a faster and more efficient charge transfer and a greatly reduced trap density from 3.36 × 1016 cm−3 to 1.93 × 1016 cm−3. It is shown that the modification method using TAA may be helpful for passivating traps and obtaining excellent photoelectric properties of PSCs.
Comorbidities in patients with chronic hepatitis C and hepatitis B on hemodialysis
Authors: Hsu Po‐Yao , Wei Yu‐Ju , Liang Po‐Cheng , Lee Jia‐Jung , Niu Sheng‐Wen , Huang Jiun‐Chi , Hsu Cheng‐Ting , Jang Tyng‐Yuan , Huang Ching‐I , Lin Yi‐Hung , Hsieh Ming‐Yen , Hsieh Meng‐Hsuan , Chen Szu‐Chia , Dai Chia‐Yen , Lin Zu‐Yau , Chen Shinn‐Cherng , Huang Jee‐Fu , Chang Jer‐Ming , Yeh Ming‐Lun , Huang Chung‐Feng , Chiu Yi‐Wen , Hwang Shang‐Jyh , Chuang Wan‐Long , Yu Ming‐Lung 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and AimHemodialysis patients are at increased risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Both HBV and HCV infections lead to risks of end‐stage liver diseases and extrahepatic manifestations. This study aimed to investigate hepatic and extrahepatic comorbidities in hemodialysis patients with HBV or HCV infections compared with those without viral hepatitis.MethodsA total of 1910 hemodialysis patients, including 159 HCV viremic patients (HCV group), 217 seropositive for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg, HBV group) and 1534 seronegative for both anti‐HCV and HBsAg (non‐B and non‐C [NBNC] group), from 23 hemodialysis centers were enrolled. Comorbidities were classified into 10 categories by the International Classification of Diseases‐10th Revision.ResultsAmong the 1910 patients, the mean age was 64.6 years, and 52.7% were male patients. A total of 1834 (96%) patients had at least one comorbidity, and the mean number of comorbidities was 2.9 ± 1.5 per person. The three most common comorbidities were hypertension, diabetes, and ischemic heart diseases. The mean number of comorbidities per person was significantly higher in the HCV group (3.3 ± 1.7) than in the HBV (2.7 ± 1.5, P < 0.001) and NBNC groups (2.9 ± 1.5, P = 0.004), mainly due to the higher prevalence of ischemic heart disease, respiratory disorders, and mental/behavioral disorders. The HBV and NBNC groups exhibited comparable burdens of comorbidities.ConclusionsHemodialysis patients had a high prevalence of multiple comorbidities. Hemodialysis patients with HCV exhibited a higher burden of comorbidities, especially ischemic heart diseases, respiratory disorders, and mental/behavioral disorders, than HBV and NBNC patients did.
Employment polarization in regional labor markets: Evidence from the Netherlands
Authors: Terzidis Nikolaos , Ortega‐Argilés Raquel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the existence and extent of employment polarization in the Netherlands between 1999 and 2012. We first determine an asymmetrically polarized employment growth nationally and in local labor markets, especially among young workers. Second, our dynamic panel system‐generalized method of moments instrumental variable approach documents that employment polarization is the combined outcome from the interplay between technology and international trade. Our analysis also uncovers novel insights considering the regional determinants of employment polarization; specifically, we demonstrate that employment growth is more likely to polarize in less densely populated regions and those with higher initial specialization in medium‐ and high‐skilled sectors.
Natural disasters, firm survival, and growth: Evidence from the Ise Bay Typhoon, Japan
Authors: Okubo Toshihiro , Strobl Eric 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the damage impact of the 1959 Ise Bay Typhoon on firm survival and survivor performance in Nagoya City, Japan. We combine firm‐level data with a local damage proxy storm surge‐induced flooding. We find that firms in retail and wholesale were less and those in manufacturing more likely to survive after being flooding. There was some evidence of spillover effects from nearby regions on firm exit. Surviving firm performance was heterogeneous across sectors in that some (manufacturing and construction) upgraded and others (retail and wholesale) their capital. Indirect impacts from nearby regions were both positive and negative, contingent on the sector of operation.
Hyperglycemia accelerates inflammaging in the gingival epithelium through inflammasomes activation
Authors: Zhang Peng , Lu Boyao , Zhu Rui , Yang Dawei , Liu Weiqing , Wang Qian , Ji Ning , Chen Qianming , Ding Yi , Liang Xing , Wang Qi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveDiabetes accelerates inflammaging in various tissue with an increase in senescent cell burden and senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) secretion, which is a significant cause of tissue dysfunction and contributes to the diabetic complications. Recently, inflammasomes are thought to contribute to inflammaging. Here, utilizing diabetic models in vivo and in vitro, we investigated the potential association between hyperglycemia‐induced inflammaging and gingival tissue dysfunction and the mechanism underlying inflammasome‐associated inflammaging.Materials and MethodsGingival epithelium and serum were collected from control and diabetic patients and mice. The expression of p16, p21, and inflammasomes in the gingival epithelium, SASP factors in serum, and the molecular factors associated with gingival epithelial barrier function were assessed. Human oral keratinocyte (HOK) was stimulated with normal and high glucose, and pre‐treated with Z‐YVAD‐FMK (Caspase‐1 inhibitor) prior to evaluating cellular senescence, SASP secretion, and inflammasome activation.ResultsIn vivo, hyperglycemia significantly elevated the local burden of senescent cells in the gingival epithelium and SASP factors in the serum and simultaneously reduced the expression levels of Claudin‐1, E‐cadherin, and Connexin 43 in the gingival epithelium. Interestingly, the inflammasomes were activated in the gingival epithelium. In vitro, high glucose‐induced the inflammaging in HOK, and blocking inflammasome activation through inhibiting Caspase‐1 and glucose‐induced inflammaging.ConclusionsHyperglycemia accelerated inflammaging in the gingival epithelium through inflammasomes activation, which is potentially affiliated with a decline in the gingival epithelial barrier function in diabetes. Inflammasomes‐related inflammaging may be the crucial mechanism underlying diabetic periodontitis and represents significant opportunities for advancing prevention and treatment options.
Oral appliances in the management of neuropathic orofacial pain: A retrospective case series
Authors: Bavarian Roxanne , Khawaja Shehryar N. , Treister Nathaniel S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveNeuropathic orofacial pain disorders are frequently managed with topical or systemic medications that carry a risk of dangerous side effects such as drowsiness, disorientation, and/or physical addiction. The aim of this paper is to report the use of neurosensory oral appliances as a safe means of providing symptomatic relief for neuropathic orofacial pain.Study designThis is a retrospective chart review of patients with diagnoses of persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP), painful post‐traumatic trigeminal neuropathy (PTTN), or an oral dysesthesia, who utilized neurosensory appliances with or without the use of topical anesthetic gel.ResultsEleven patients were identified. Eight patients (62.5%) found benefit with the neurosensory appliance alone, and three patients (37.5%) found relief with the addition of lidocaine 2% gel. All patients reported >50% resolution of their symptoms, with three (37.5%) reporting complete resolution. Seven patients maintained follow‐up ≥3 months, with efficacy lasting for a range of at least 3–8 months.ConclusionOral neurosensory appliances, whether used alone as a physical barrier or as a vehicle to deliver topical anesthetic, represent a safe and effective modality for the management of neuropathic orofacial pain disorders. Additional studies are needed to assess long‐term efficacy.