bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fused Graphical Lasso for Brain Networks with Symmetries
Authors: Ranciati Saverio , Roverato Alberto , Luati Alessandra 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNeuroimaging is the growing area of neuroscience devoted to produce data with the goal of capturing processes and dynamics of the human brain. We consider the problem of inferring the brain connectivity network from time-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans. To this aim we propose the symmetric graphical lasso, a penalized likelihood method with a fused type penalty function that takes into explicit account the natural symmetrical structure of the brain. Symmetric graphical lasso allows one to learn simultaneously both the network structure and a set of symmetries across the two hemispheres. We implement an alternating directions method of multipliers algorithm to solve the corresponding convex optimization problem. Furthermore, we apply our methods to estimate the brain networks of two subjects, one healthy and one affected by mental disorder, and to compare them with respect to their symmetric structure. The method applies once the temporal dependence characterizing fMRI data have been accounted for and we compare the impact on the analysis of different detrending techniques on the estimated brain networks. Although we focus on brain networks, symmetric graphical lasso is a tool which can be more generally applied to learn multiple networks in a context of dependent samples.
Outcomes of symptomatic coronavirus disease 19 in maintenance hemodialysis patient in India
Authors: Prasad Narayan , Behera Manas Ranjan , Bhatt Mansi , Agarwal Sanjay Kumar , Gopalakrishnan N. , Fernando Edwin , Chaudhary Arpita Roy , Sahay Manisha , Singh Shivendra , Jain Apoorva , Tapiawala Shruti , Kamble Aniket , Khanna Umesh , Bohra Rubina , Gupta Anurag , Anandh Urmila , Jha Vivekanand 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundMaintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients face disadvantages with higher risk of acquiring SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, atypical manifestations, and associated multiple comorbidities. We describe patients' outcomes with symptomatic COVID‐19 on MHD in a large cohort of patients from India.MethodsData were collected prospectively from hemodialysis units in 11 public and private hospitals between March 15, 2020, and July 31, 2020. The survival determinants were analyzed using stepwise backward elimination cox‐regression analysis.ResultsOf the 263 total patients (mean age 51.76 ± 13.63 years and males 173) on MHD with symptomatic COVID‐19, 35 (13.3%) died. Those who died were older (p = 0.01), had higher frequency of diabetic kidney disease (p = 0.001), comorbidities (p = 0.04), and severe COVID‐19 (p = 0.001). Mortality was higher among patients on twice‐weekly MHD than thrice‐weekly (p = 0.001) and dialysis through central venous catheter (CVC) as compared to arteriovenous fistula (p = 0.001). On multivariate analysis, CVC use (HR 2.53, 95% CI 1.26–5.07, p = 0.009), disease severity (HR = 3.54, 95% CI 1.52–8.26, p = 0.003), and noninvasive ventilatory support (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.25–0.99, p = 0.049) had significant effect on mortality.ConclusionThe adjusted mortality risk of COVID‐19 in MHD patients is high in patients associated with severe COVID‐19 and patients having CVC as vascular access.
Interventions, barriers, and facilitators associated with return to work for adults following stroke: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Coutts Emma , Cooper Kay 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The purpose of this scoping review is to map what has been reported on interventions, barriers, and facilitators associated with return to work for adults with and without communication disorders following a stroke.

Introduction:
Difficulties in returning to work following a stroke can have a significant impact on people's lives, not only in terms of the individual's finances (and the economy as a whole), but also in terms of the person's psychosocial adjustment, for example, their sense of role and purpose and their self-esteem. This scoping review aims to map the literature examining interventional approaches, barriers, and facilitators relevant to this topic.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will include literature on the return to work for adults aged 16 years or older who have had a stroke. It will be restricted to research conducted in developed countries.

Methods:
Databases that will be searched include MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, AMED, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PEDRo, and OTSeeker. Gray literature or unpublished studies will be searched in OpenGrey and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, as well as professional bodies and organizations whose remit includes stroke and vocational rehabilitation. The search will be limited to studies written in English since 2010. Titles and abstracts will be screened by two independent reviewers and full-text articles assessed against the inclusion criteria by two independent reviewers. Data will be extracted and the findings will be presented in tabular and graphical format along with a narrative summary.
Heat Transfer in a Rib Turbulated Pin Fin Array for Trailing Edge Cooling
Authors: Otto Marcel , Kapat Jayanta , Ricklick Mark , Mhetras Shantanu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Ribs were added into a pin fin array for a uniquely new cooling concept enabled through additive manufacturing. Heat transfer measurements are obtained using the thermochromic liquid crystal technique in a trapezoidal duct with pin fins and rib turbulators. Three pin blockage ratios and four rib heights at Reynolds numbers between 40,000 and 106,000 were tested. The Nusselt number augmentation is generally higher at the longer base of the trapezoidal duct. The same high heat transfer trend is seen at the columns closer to the longer base of the trapezoidal duct than on the shorter base. Through the length of the duct, the flow shifts from the nose region to the larger opening on the opposite wall. Also, it is observed that increasing the blockage ratio as well as increasing the rib height has a positive impact on heat transfer as ribs act as additional extended surfaces and alter the near-wall flow field. The heat transfer augmentation of pins and ribs is found to not be equal to the sum of both: Both heat transfer mechanisms are highly non-linear, thus cannot be superimposed. The observed heat transfer augmentation of the combined cases exceeded over the rib and pin only cases by up to 100%, but the weighted friction factor also doubled. The combination of ribs and pins is an excellent concept to achieve more uniform cooling over an array at higher levels when pressure drop is not of concern.
Closed-Form Solutions of Bending-Torsion Coupled Forced Vibrations of a Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Under a Fluid Vortex
Authors: Zhao X. , Zhu W. D. , Li Y. H. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Vibration energy harvesting problems have strongly developed in recent years. However, many researchers just consider bending vibration models of energy harvesters. As a matter of fact, torsional vibration is also important and cannot be ignored in many cases. In this work, closed-form solutions of bending-torsion coupled forced vibrations of a piezoelectric energy harvester subjected to a fluid vortex are derived. Timoshenko beam model is used for modeling the energy harvester, and the extended Hamilton’s principle is used in the modeling process. Since piezoelectric effects in both bending and torsional directions are considered, two kinds of electric coupling effects appear in forced vibration equations, and a new model for the electric circuit equation is developed. Lamb–Oseen vortex model is considered in this study. Both the external aerodynamic force and moment are simple harmonic loads. Three damping coefficients are considered in the present model. Based on Green’s function method, closed-form solutions of the piezoelectric energy harvester subjected to the fluid vortex are derived. Some published results are used to verify the present solutions. It can be concluded through analysis that when torsional vibration is considered, the bandwidth of the high energy area of the voltage becomes large and the bending-torsion coupled vibration energy harvester can produce more power than a transverse vibration energy harvester.
Autonomous Vehicle Accident Data Analysis: California OL 316 Reports: 2015–2020
Authors: McCarthy Roger L. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Six years (2015–2020) of autonomous vehicle (AV Level 3) crash data from California's (CA) OL 316 collision reports of AV crashes while in the autonomous mode (AM) or disengaged from AM just before the collision, divided by the associated CA AV make and mileage driven in the AM, are compared with the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute (UMTRI) corrected human driver crash frequency. AV test drivers in CA mandatorily self-report every crash, whereas average drivers underreport minor accidents, so the UMTRI reporting correction factor permits comparison. CA's AV AM mileage is only a few million miles over the last few years, with virtually no police-reported crash data yet available. OL 316 crash consequence data (e.g., damage, injuries, etc.) is anecdotal and inconsistently self-reported. The CA collision report data indicate the CA AV test fleet exhibits multiples of the human crash frequency. Invariably, the AV accidents are the human driver's fault, with a majority being rear collisions. The human drivers appear less able to anticipate the AV's more conservative driving. CA's AV experience predicts more widespread deployment of existing AV technologies is not likely to reduce vehicle crash frequency, at least in the short term, and might well increase it.
Automated Transformation of uml/sysml
Behavioral Diagrams for Stochastic Error Propagation Analysis of Autonomous
Systems
Authors: Morozov Andrey , Mutzke Thomas , Ding Kai 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Modern technical systems consist of heterogeneous components, including mechanical parts, hardware, and the extensive software part that allows the autonomous system operation. The heterogeneity and autonomy require appropriate models that can describe the mutual interaction of the components. uml and sysml are widely accepted candidates for system modeling and model-based analysis in early design phases, including the analysis of reliability properties. uml and sysml models are semiformal. Thus, transformation methods to formal models are required. Recently, we introduced a stochastic dual-graph error propagation model (DEPM). This model captures the control and data flow structures of a system and allows the computation of advanced risk metrics using probabilistic model checking techniques. This article presents a new automated transformation method of an annotated state machine diagram (SMD), extended with activity diagrams (ADs), to a hierarchical DEPM. This method will help reliability engineers to keep error propagation models up to date and ensure their consistency with the available system models. The capabilities and limitations of the transformation algorithm are described in detail and demonstrated on a complete model-based error propagation analysis of an autonomous medical patient table (MPT).
Experimental Study on Preparation and Heat Transfer of Nickel-Based Ammonia Loop Heat Pipe
Authors: Ning Wenjing , Ma Jun , Jiang Cheng , Cao Yingwen , Guo Chunsheng , Zou Yong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The loop heat pipe (LHP) is a passive heat sink used in aerospace and electronic devices. As the core component of the LHP, the physical property parameters of porous wick directly affect the overall performance of the LHP. In this paper, the performance of the porous wick is improved by adjusting the pore size, thereby improving the performance of the LHP. The nickel-based double-pore porous wicks are prepared by T225 nickel powder and NaCl particles, and the pore size of the porous wicks can be changed by different cold pressing force (30 kN, 40 kN, 50 kN, and 60 kN). The effects of different cold pressing force on the porosity, permeability, and other physical property parameters are studied when the ratio of pore former is 20 wt.%. In the end, we select the cold pressing force of 30 kN to prepare the porous wick of the LHP. Then the effects of constant load and variable load of the heat transfer performance under different placement elevations are studied. The results show that the heat load range is 10 W–100 W, the minimum evaporator thermal resistance is 0.424 K/W, and the minimum LHP thermal resistance is 0.598 K/W. When β = 0 deg, there is a “backflow” phenomenon at the initial stage of low thermal load. With the increase of thermal load, the “backflow” duration decreases until it disappears, and the startup time becomes shorter. The thermal resistances of the evaporator and LHP decrease rapidly and then slowly increase. When β = –90 deg, the LHP appears to demonstrate “reverse startup” phenomenon.
Analytical and Computational Modeling of Sustained-Release Drug Implants in the Vitreous Humor
Authors: Khoobyar Anahid , Naghdloo Amin , Penkova Anita N. , Humayun Mark S. , Sadhal Satwindar Singh 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Sustained ocular drug delivery systems are necessary for patients needing regular drug therapy since frequent injection is painful, undesirable, and risky. One type of sustained-release systems includes pellets loaded with the drug, encapsulated in a porous shell that can be injected into the vitreous humor. There the released drug diffuses while the physiological flow of water provides the convective transport. The fluid flow within the vitreous is described by Darcy's equations for the analytical model and Brinkman flow for the computational analysis while the drug transport is given by the classical convection–diffusion equation. Since the timescale for the drug depletion is quite large, for the analytical model, we consider the exterior surrounding the capsule to be quasi-steady and the interior is time dependent. In the vitreous, the fluid-flow process is relatively slow, and meaningful results can be obtained for small Peclet number whereby a perturbation analysis is possible. For an isolated capsule, with approximately uniform flow in the far field around it, the mass-transfer problem requires singular perturbation with inner and outer matching. The computational model, besides accommodating the ocular geometry, allows for a fully time-dependent mass-concentration solution and also admits moderate Peclet numbers. As expected, the release rate diminishes with time as the drug depletion lowers the driving potential. The predictive results are sufficient general for a range of capsule permeability values and are useful for the design of the sustained-release microspheres as to the requisite permeability for specific drugs.
Deep learning-assisted (automatic) diagnosis of glaucoma using a smartphone
Authors: Nakahara Kenichi , Asaoka Ryo , Tanito Masaki , Shibata Naoto , Mitsuhashi Keita , Fujino Yuri , Matsuura Masato , Inoue Tatsuya , Azuma Keiko , Obata Ryo , Murata Hiroshi 
Published: July 2021

Background/aimsTo validate a deep learning algorithm to diagnose glaucoma from fundus photography obtained with a smartphone.MethodsA training dataset consisting of 1364 colour fundus photographs with glaucomatous indications and 1768 colour fundus photographs without glaucomatous features was obtained using an ordinary fundus camera. The testing dataset consisted of 73 eyes of 73 patients with glaucoma and 89 eyes of 89 normative subjects. In the testing dataset, fundus photographs were acquired using an ordinary fundus camera and a smartphone. A deep learning algorithm was developed to diagnose glaucoma using a training dataset. The trained neural network was evaluated by prediction result of the diagnostic of glaucoma or normal over the test datasets, using images from both an ordinary fundus camera and a smartphone. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AROC).ResultsThe AROC with a fundus camera was 98.9% and 84.2% with a smartphone. When validated only in eyes with advanced glaucoma (mean deviation value < −12 dB, N=26), the AROC with a fundus camera was 99.3% and 90.0% with a smartphone. There were significant differences between these AROC values using different cameras.ConclusionThe usefulness of a deep learning algorithm to automatically screen for glaucoma from smartphone-based fundus photographs was validated. The algorithm had a considerable high diagnostic ability, particularly in eyes with advanced glaucoma.
Metagenomics of the lacrimal sac in primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction: the Lacriome paper 1
Authors: Ali Mohammad Javed 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundThe purpose is to study the metagenomics of the microbes isolated from the lacrimal sac of patients with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO).MethodsA prospective study was performed on ten consecutive lacrimal sac samples obtained for the metagenomic analysis from the patients with PANDO, who underwent endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy at a tertiary care Dacryology service. The samples were collected intraoperatively soon after a full-length lacrimal sac marsupialisation and immediately transported on ice to the laboratory. Following DNA extraction and library preparation, a whole shotgun metagenome sequencing was performed on the Illumina platform. The downstream processing and bioinformatics of the samples were performed using multiple software packaged in the SqueezeMeta pipeline and MG-RAST pipeline.ResultsThe taxonomic hit distribution across the samples showed that bacteria were the most common isolates (mean—97.56%), followed by viruses (mean—0.29%), archaea (0.04%) and others. The five major phyla identified across the samples of PANDO were proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. The prevalent organisms includeAcinetobacter johnsonii, Porphyromonas catoniae, Cutibacterium acnes, Pseudomonas alcaliphila, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Enhydrobacter aerosaccus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Moraxella osloensis, Butyricimonas virosaandVariovorax paradoxus,among few others. The alpha diversity of the ten sample datasets ranged from 60 to 175 species.ConclusionThis is the first whole metagenome sequencing of the lacrimal sac contents from PANDO patients. Lacrimal sacs harbour diverse microbial communities, including bacteria, viruses, and archaea. Further Lacriome studies may provide clues for a better understanding of the disease aetiopathogenesis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of gallstone disease treatment outcomes in early cholecystectomy versus conservative management/delayed cholecystectomy
Authors: Bagepally Bhavani Shankara , Haridoss Madhumitha , Sasidharan Akhil , Jagadeesh Kayala Venkata , Oswal Nikhil Kumar 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundThe effectiveness of early cholecystectomy for gallstone diseases treatment is uncertain compared with conservative management/delayed cholecystectomy.AimsTo synthesise treatment outcomes of early cholecystectomy versus conservative management/delayed cholecystectomy in terms of its safety and effectiveness.DesignWe systematically searched randomised control trials investigating the effectiveness of early cholecystectomy compared with conservative management/delayed cholecystectomy. We pooled the risk ratios with a 95% CI, also estimated adjusted number needed to treat to harm.ResultsOf the 40 included studies for systematic review, 39 studies with 4483 patients are included in meta-analysis. Among the risk ratios of gallstone complications, pain (0.38, 0.20 to 0.74), cholangitis (0.52, 0.28 to 0.97) and total biliary complications (0.33, 0.20 to 0.55) are significantly lower with early cholecystectomy. Adjusted number needed to treat to harm of early cholecystectomy compared with conservative management/delayed cholecystectomy are, for pain 12.5 (8.3 to 33.3), biliary pancreatitis >1000 (50–100), common bile duct stones 100 (33.3 to 100), cholangitis (100 (25–100), total biliary complications 5.9 (4.3 to 9.1) and mortality >1000 (100 to100 000).ConclusionsEarly cholecystectomy may result in fewer biliary complications and a reduction in reported abdominal pain than conservative management.PROSPERO registration number2020 CRD42020192612.
How medical dominance and interprofessional conflicts undermine patient-centred care in hospitals: historical analysis and multiple embedded case study in Morocco
Authors: Belrhiti Zakaria , Van Belle Sara , Criel Bart 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundIn Morocco’s health systems, reforms were accompanied by increased tensions among doctors, nurses and health managers, poor interprofessional collaboration and counterproductive power struggles. However, little attention has focused on the processes underlying these interprofessional conflicts and their nature. Here, we explored the perspective of health workers and managers in four Moroccan hospitals.MethodsWe adopted a multiple embedded case study design and conducted 68 interviews, 8 focus group discussions and 11 group discussions with doctors, nurses, administrators and health managers at different organisational levels. We analysed what health workers (doctors and nurses) and health managers said about their sources of power, perceived roles and relationships with other healthcare professions. For our iterative qualitative data analysis, we coded all data sources using NVivo V.11 software and carried out thematic analysis using the concepts of ‘negotiated order’ and the four worldviews. For context, we used historical analysis to trace the development of medical and nursing professions during the colonial and postcolonial eras in Morocco.ResultsOur findings highlight professional hierarchies that counterbalance the power of formal hierarchies. Interprofessional interactions in Moroccan hospitals are marked by conflicts, power struggles and daily negotiated orders that may not serve the best interests of patients. The results confirm the dominance of medical specialists occupying the top of the professional hierarchy pyramid, as perceived at all levels in the four hospitals. In addition, health managers, lacking institutional backing, resources and decision spaces, often must rely on soft power when dealing with health workers to ensure smooth collaboration in care.ConclusionThe stratified order of care professions creates hierarchical professional boundaries in Moroccan hospitals, leading to partitioning of care and poor interprofessional collaboration. More attention should be placed on empowering health workers in delivering quality care by ensuring smooth interprofessional collaboration.