bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strongly Divergent Impact of Adherence Patterns on Efficacy of Colorectal Cancer Screening: The Need to Refine Adherence Statistics
Authors: Heisser Thomas , Cardoso Rafael , Guo Feng , Moellers Tobias , Hoffmeister Michael , Brenner Hermann 
Published: September 2021

INTRODUCTION:
The performance of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs depends on the adherence to screening offers. However, identical adherence levels may result from varying patterns of the population's screening behavior. We quantified the effects of different adherence patterns on the long-term performance of CRC screening for annual fecal immunochemical testing and screening colonoscopy at 10-year intervals.

METHODS:
Using a multistate Markov model, we simulated scenarios where, while at the same overall adherence level, a certain proportion of the population adheres to all screening offers (selective adherence) or the entire population uses the screening offers at some point(s) of time, albeit not in the recommended frequency (sporadic adherence). Key outcomes for comparison were the numbers of prevented CRC cases and prevented CRC deaths after 50 simulated years.

RESULTS:
For screening with annual fecal immunochemical testing at adherence levels of 10%–50%, ratios of prevented CRC cases (CRC deaths) resulting from a sporadic vs a selective pattern ranged from 1.8 to 4.4 (1.9–5.3) for men and from 1.7 to 3.6 (1.8–4.4) for women, i.e., up to 4–5 times more CRC cases and deaths were prevented when the population followed a sporadic instead of a selective adherence pattern. Comparisons of simulated scenarios for screening colonoscopy revealed similar patterns.

DISCUSSION:
Over a lifelong time frame, large numbers of irregular screening attendees go along with much larger preventive effects than small numbers of perfectly adhering individuals. In clinical practice, efforts to reach as many people as possible at least sporadically should be prioritized over efforts to maximize adherence to repeat screening offers.
The Standard of Selecting Friends and Its Effect on Friendship Quality among College students
Authors: HOU Yongmei , Jiaxin Kuang 
Published: September 2021

Objective To explore the present status of standard of selecting friends and friendship quality, and analyze the effect of standard of selecting friends on friendship quality among undergraduates. Methods A random sampling was used to select 1002 undergraduates through Internet in Guangdong province. They were investigated with Standard of Selecting Friend Scale for College Students (SSFS) and McGill Friendship Questionnaire (MFQ). Results ⑴ The friendship quality of undergraduates was relatively high, with MFQ total score of (254.16±38.80). ⑵ The most important standards of selecting friends were mutual compatibility and complementarity, followed by personality, physiology condition, social conditions and other conditions. ⑶ Multivariable stepwise linear regression showed that the total score of MFQ was positively correlated with the following 4 factors such as mutual compatibility and complementarity, personality, as well as other conditions (β=.477～.690，all P<.001). Conclusion The overall level of friendship quality among undergraduates is relatively high. Mutual characteristics may be related factors of friendship quality.
The Tokyo Tribunal: Precedent for Victor’s Justice II
Authors: Pathak Professor Bishnu 
Published: September 2021

Besides, previous publication of Nuremberg Tribunal: A Precedent for Victor’s Justice (2020), the study is named as The Tokyo Tribunal: Precedent for Victor’s Justice II. The bombings at Hiroshima and Nagasaki were heinous crimes against humankind that caused physical, material, socio-cultural, and emotional losses. The bombings violated humanitarian law. This paper aims to find out the situations of the investigation, prosecution and punishment, and analyse the preference for justice: victor’s justice or victim’s justice. During World War II, anti-communist Emperor Hirohito actively led Japan decorated by the Army’s uniform but pretended to be a ceremonial Emperor making scapegoats to his opponents. Former Prime Ministers Konoe and Tojo were conspiratorially assassinated. Hirohito bribed callous US Army General Douglas MacArthur. MacArthur ordered to gather testimonies to prove Hirohito as innocent. The Tokyo Tribunal was biased since it did not speak a word against the indiscriminate bombings and mass killings in Chinese cities, among others. The Tribunal had a pseudo justice body, highly influenced by the US military and retributive justice doctrines. Judges were appointed from each allied victor excluding from Japan. Five of the 11 Judges submitted separate opinions on their judgment. Justice had been elusive for the innocent, weak, and poor victims. Most crimes committed went unpunished. The Tribunal ironically ensured the victor’s justice, further limiting the victim’s justice. Thus, the Tribunal appeared as a sword in a judge's toupee.
马来西亚华人新生代多语能力与家庭语言规划状况调查——基于两个个案的比较研究
Authors: 敏 姚 , 佳珉 徐 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Based on the correlation between the multilingual ability of new generation Malaysian Chinese and language awareness within ethnic Chinese families, this study selects two typical fifth grade students of a Malaysian Chinese primary school as research objects and analyzes the impact of language awareness in two different ethnic Chinese families on children’s language ability. Research by means of two-way questionnaires, in-depth interviews, text analyses of Chinese and English compositions and comparison of Chinese, Malay and English language results reveals outstanding Chinese language ability in Case A while Case B shows remarkable English language ability. The findings indicate that Malaysian Chinese generally possess trilingual advantages while the ability of each particular language varies from person to person, which in turn is profoundly influenced by family language planning and attitude. The paper evinces that cultural consciousness among ethnic Chinese and awareness of ethnic language continuity, as reflected in family language practices, are main factors enabling Malaysian Chinese to retain a high level of Chinese language ability in a society substantially dominated by Malay culture.
Simulation of different reordering policies for optimizing the inventory of perishable food: an Italian case study
Authors: Piva Elena , Tebaldi Letizia , Vignali Giuseppe , Bottani Eleonora 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Inventory management represents one of the main criticalities that companies have to face. The challenge is twofold: being able to satisfy a demand whose behavior can significantly vary and be unpredictable in order to avoid stock-out situations, whilst limiting excessive stocks and consequently costs. Some factors can complicate this already inherently difficult task. An example is the presence of constraints on the time for storage, which is the typical case for perishable products such as food and beverages, core business of the Italian company subject of the case study described in this paper. To optimize the reorder process in that context, a simulation model was developed for evaluating the potentials of three traditional reordering policies (i.e., Re-Order Point, Re-Order Interval, and (s, S)) to be applied to a set of products managed by the company, including perishable items, and for testing their performance. The items tested were selected through a preliminary ABC analysis, carried out on the volumes handled. A comparison with the current performance of the company’s and that achievable with the optimized policies is proposed.
Impact of yoga and physical exercise on psychological wellbeing among substance abusers: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gaihre Ananda , Sasidharan Rajesh Kumar , Bista Suman , Poudel Lisasha , Khadka Rakshya , Rajbhandari Bibek 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Substance use disorder is a pattern of recurrent use of illicit substances that leads to severe psychosocial imbalance and recurrent relapse. The study was to evaluate the efficacy of a yoga-based intervention as an add-on in enhancing psychological wellbeing, compared with physical exercise among substance abusers.

Methods
In this randomized controlled study, 96 male participants with substance use disorder from a residential rehabilitation treatment center, Kathmandu, Nepal, were randomly allocated into two groups namely the yoga group (n=48, mean age ± SD=25.18 ± 6.43) and the physical exercise group (n=48, mean age ± SD=25.02 ± 5.02). The participants in the yoga group attended the 90 min yoga sessions for 12 weeks (six days per week) whereas the physical exercise group attended exercise sessions for the same duration. Above mentioned interventions were in addition to standard rehabilitation treatment. The study measured the Self-Control, Anxiety, Depression, Sleep parameters, and Mindfulness at the baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention.

Results
A significant enhancement in self-control was observed in both the yoga (p<0.033, d=0.33) and the exercise group (p<0.038, d=0.32). Yoga group showed significant improvement in mindfulness score (p<0.017, d=0.37), whereas exercise group did not show any significant changes in mindfulness (p<0.169, d=0.21). The depression and anxiety scores reduced significantly in both yoga (p<0.044, d=0.31; p<0.025, d=0.35 resp.) and exercise (p<0.032, d=0.34. p<0.039, d=0.32. resp.) group. Furthermore, significant reduction was seen in sleep disturbance after yoga (p<0.001, d=0.52) and exercise (p<0.001, d=0.78) intervention. The sleep – somnolence score reduced significantly only in yoga group (p<0.020, d=0.36). The magnitude of improvement was higher in the yoga group than physical exercise group on self-control, mindfulness, depression, anxiety and some sleep parameters, however the between group differences could not reach to the level of significance.

Conclusions
The 12 week yoga intervention did not appear to be significantly more effective than the 12 week physical exercise program on psychological wellbeing in male participants with substance use disorder. However, greater improvement in psychological wellbeing was observed within the yoga group. In future, a multi-centric study with robust design, larger sample size and longer follow-up is required to conform the present results and to find out the difference between the impacts of yoga and physical exercise on psychological wellbeing in substance abusers.
Application of the Color Etching Technique for Non-Ferrous Metals
Authors: Weilnhammer G. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Color etching provides additional information that standard etchants do not or only insufficiently reveal – in different steels but also in virtually all non-ferrous metals.
This works aims at presenting the possibilities this technology provides by using the examples of aluminum, copper, nickel, titanium materials, and cast iron, while also pointing out its limits.
Immune modulations and immunotherapies for Alzheimer’s disease: a comprehensive review
Authors: Mahdiabadi Sara , Momtazmanesh Sara , Perry George , Rezaei Nima 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is characterized by progressive cognitive and memory impairment ensued from neuronal dysfunction and eventual death. Intraneuronal deposition of tau proteins and extracellular senile amyloid-β plaques have ruled as the supreme postulations of AD for a relatively long time, and accordingly, a wide range of therapeutics, especially immunotherapies have been implemented. However, none of them resulted in significant positive cognitive outcomes. Especially, the repetitive failure of anti-amyloid therapies proves the inefficiency of the amyloid cascade hypothesis, suggesting that it is time to reconsider this hypothesis. Thus, for the time being, the focus is being shifted to neuroinflammation as a third core pathology in AD. Neuroinflammation was previously considered a result of the two aforementioned phenomena, but new studies suggest that it might play a causal role in the pathogenesis of AD. Neuroinflammation can act as a double-edged sword in the pathogenesis of AD, and the activation of glial cells is indispensable for mediating such attenuating or detrimental effects. The association of immune-related genes polymorphisms with the clinical phenotype of AD as well as the protective effect of anti-inflammatory drugs like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs supports the possible causal role of neuroinflammation in AD. Here, we comprehensively review immune-based therapeutic approaches toward AD, including monoclonal antibodies and vaccines. We also discuss their efficacy and underlying reasons for shortcomings. Lastly, we highlight the capacity of modulating the neuroimmune interactions and targeting neuroinflammation as a promising opportunity for finding optimal treatments for AD.
Pain medication use for musculoskeletal pain among children and adolescents: a systematic review
Authors: Al-Janabi Nabil , Olesen Anne Estrup , Straszek Christian Lund , Guldhammer Clara , Rathleff Michael Skovdal , Andreucci Alessandro 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Musculoskeletal pain is common among children and adolescents. Despite the lack of evidence regarding harms and benefits, musculoskeletal pain is often managed with pain medication. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the prevalence of pain medication use for musculoskeletal pain among children and adolescents and the factors and side effects associated with use.

Content
Three databases (EMBASE, CINAHL and PsychINFO) were systematically searched to identify studies designed to examine the prevalence, frequency or factors associated with the use of pain medication for musculoskeletal pain in children and adolescents (aged 6–19 years). The included studies were assessed for study quality and data were extracted.

Summary
The search initially provided 20,135 studies. After screening titles, abstracts and full-texts, 20 studies were included. In school settings, 8–42% of children used pain medication for musculoskeletal pain, and 67–75% of children in sports clubs and from pain clinics used pain medication. The most consistent factors associated with the use of pain medications were pain characteristics and psychological factors (e.g. being bullied, low-self-esteem), while mixed evidence was found for increasing age and female gender. Only two studies reported on the duration of use and only one study on adverse effects related to the use of pain medication.

Outlook
We found that 8–42% of adolescents from school-based samples use pain medication for MSK pain, while the prevalence among adolescents from sports clubs and pain clinics is higher (67–75%). Pain characteristics (pain duration, severity, intensity, disability levels and the presence of ≥2 pain conditions or multisite pain) and psychological factors were associated with a higher use of pain medication, while for higher age and female gender the evidence of association was mixed. Future studies should systematically collect information on the type, duration of use of pain medication and side effects to confirm the findings of this review.
The Current State of Big Data Research in Tourism:
Results of a Systematic Literature Analysis
Authors: Hartmann Kim , Lederer Matthias 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The use of large and diverse data in real time (called Big Data) affects many business processes and models. The tourism industry, characterized by manifold sub-sectors and players, provides a variety of starting points for Big Data usage. Examples are the optimization of transport offers using transaction data or a comprehensive analysis of destination trends based on social media posts. Big Data is a trending topic, however, the general discourse centres around potential ideas but fewer practical solutions. Based on a systematic literature analysis of initially 148 peer-reviewed journal articles, this article evaluates the current state of Big Data research within tourism. For this purpose, research articles centering around tourism-related Big Data were investigated according to the actual state of implementation of an IT solution, whether they truly grasp or represent Big Data in technological terms, and which added value they create for the tourism industry and research community. One key finding is that traditional data analysis is often wrongfully subsumed under the Big Data label. Further, the scientific literature predominantly discusses ideas or theoretical considerations, fewer tangible Big Data implementations, and fails to address and/or meet all requirements to be classified as Big Data. Only a minority of the presented solutions processes data in real time, whereas many rely on only one data source or structured data. Furthermore, most articles revolve around post-trip data analyses and are set to a destination context. In contrast, other tourism sectors as well as data interpretation and usage in pre-trip and on-trip phases are less represented. Lastly, this literature analysis provides an overview of true Big Data solutions already in operation and enables researchers to validly classify their own research activities in order to plan initiatives more specifically.
EuTMg2 (T = Pd, Ag, Ir, Pt, Au), EuTCd2 (T = Pd, Pt, Au) and CaRhMg2 – intermetallic compounds with orthorhombically distorted tetrahedral magnesium (cadmium) substructures
Authors: Klenner Steffen , Reimann Maximilian Kai , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The magnesium- and cadmium-rich intermetallic phases EuTMg2 (T = Rh, Pd, Ag, Ir, Pt, Au), EuTCd2 (T = Pd, Pt, Au) and CaRhMg2 were synthesized from the elements in sealed niobium or tantalum ampoules and with heat treatments in muffle or induction furnaces. The samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and the structures were refined from single crystal X-ray diffractometer data. EuTMg2 (T = Pd, Ag, Pt, Au) and EuTCd2 (T = Pd, Pt, Au) crystallize with the MgCuAl2 type, space group Cmcm, while EuRhMg2, EuIrMg2 and CaRhMg2 adopt the YSiPd2 type, space group Pnma. The striking crystal chemical motif of both series of compounds are networks of puckered Mg(Cd) hexagons in ABAB stacking sequence that derive from the aristotype AlB2; however, with different tiling. Temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility and 151Eu Mössbauer spectroscopic measurements indicate stable divalent europium. Antiferromagnetic ordering sets in at 20.2 (EuIrMg2), 22.3 (EuPdMg2), 21.3 (EuAgMg2), 10.9 (EuPdCd2) and 15.5 K (EuPtCd2), respectively. The stable antiferromagnetic ground states are substantiated by metamagnetic transitions. The 151Eu isomer shifts show a linear correlation with the valence electron count for the whole series of EuTMg2, EuTCd2, EuTIn2 and EuTSn2 phases.
Business Strategies and the Law: Three Types of Entrepreneurial Processes from a Legal History Perspective
Authors: Pahlow Louis , Teupe Sebastian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The relationship between business strategies and legal institutions is important for understanding the historical dynamics of modern capitalism. While legal history and economic history have remained distinct disciplines, a growing number of studies now populates a vibrant «borderland» between the two. Building on frameworks of legal history, organization studies, and «new entrepreneurial history», our contribution systematizes the relation of entrepreneurship and the law from a historical perspective of change. This paper explains how an analysis of this specific relation contributes to our understanding of economic change and addresses the question of synthesis and interdisciplinary connectivity by offering a conceptual triad that focuses on the problems of agency and change at the intersection of businesses and the law. This paper argues that economic actors have used, sought, and avoided laws to transform their legal and economic environments. Each of these interactions combined a distinct set of variables conceptualized as legal business creativity, legal-institutional entrepreneurship, and Schumpeterian rule-breaking.
Handlungsspielräume in Umbruchszeiten
Authors: Wixforth Harald 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Bremer Vulkan AG in Bremen-Vegesack was one of the large companies in Germany for which a high degree of continuity can be demonstrated from the Second World War to the early years of the young Federal Republic of Germany. This applies above all to the shipyard’s management personnel. Under the leadership of its go-getting general manager Robert Kabelac and his fellow board members, Bremer Vulkan became a crucial part of naval armament during the war, especially of submarine construction and thus of the German armaments industry. After the end of the Second World War, this constellation turned out to be by no means a burden for the future development of the company. Kabelac and his colleagues succeeded relatively quickly in having war damage repaired and in again acquiring large orders for the shipyard. This enabled the shipyard to resume its successful performance in the maritime industry during the war. If one compares this success story with the situation of many other prominent companies in the defense industry at the beginning of the 1950s, only a few examples can be found where this was achieved in a similarly impressive manner.
PENERAPAN HYBIRD CONTRACT PADA PRODUK GIRO
Authors: Mumtahaen Ikmal 
Published: September 2021

Perjanjian merupakan suatu bentuk kesepakatan para pihak untuk melakukan sesuatu. Dalam sebuah perjanjian selalu menghasilkan suatu perikatan, di mana perjanjian sebagi bentuk kongkrit dan perikatan sebagai bentuk abstrak yang mengikat. Muncul suatu konsep inovasi produk akad dengan penggabungan beberapa akad yang ada dan disebut hybrid contract. Hybrid contract merupakan penggabungan dua akad atau lebih dalam satu akad untuk kepentingan tertentu. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui penerapan Hybrid contract pada produk Lembaga Keuangan Syariah adalah Giro. Penelitian ini juga menganalisis pengaplikasian produk Giro diperbankan syariah apakah sesuai dengan hukum Islam yang sebagaimana semestinya. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pustaka (library research) dengan mendeskripsikan data kualitatif yang diperoleh dari literatur penelitian. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Penerapan hybrid contract pada produk Giro diperbankan syariah sudah sesuai dengan peraturan hukum Islam. Produk hybrid contract diperbolehkan sesuai nash agama sehingga produk Giro dapat dinyatakan dalam sebuah kategori akad yang sah dengan multi akad yakni Akad wadiah dan mudharabah pada produk giro bank syariah terdapat akad utama yakni titipan dan disertai dengan akad penambahan yaitu keuntungan. Dari akad tersebut terdapat akad dalam menentukan keuntungan dengan giro mudharabah. Kata Kunci: Hybrid contract, Wadhi’ah, Mudharabah, Giro.