bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simulation approach to assessing bias in a fisheries self-sampling programme
Authors: Clegg Thomas L , Fuglebakk Edvin , Ono Kotaro , Vølstad Jon Helge , Nedreaas Kjell 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The hierarchical structure and non-probabilistic sampling in fisher self-sampling programmes makes it difficult to evaluate biases in total catch estimates. While so, it is possible to evaluate bias in the reported component of catches, which can then be used to infer likely bias in total catches. We assessed bias in the reported component of catches for 18 species in the Barents Sea trawl and longline fisheries by simulating 2000 realizations of the Norwegian Reference Fleet sampling programme using the mandatory catch reporting system, then for each realization we estimated fleet-wide catches using simple design-based estimators and quantified bias. We then inserted variations (e.g. simple random and systematic sampling) at different levels of the sampling design (sampling frame, vessel, and operation) to identify important factors and trends affecting bias in reported catches. We found that whilst current sampling procedures for fishing operations were not biased, non-probabilistic vessel sampling resulted in bias for some species. However, we concluded this was typically within the bounds of expected variation from probabilistic sampling. Our results highlight the risk of applying these simple estimators to all species. We recommend that future estimates of total catches consider alternative estimators and more conservative estimates of uncertainty where necessary.
Judicial dialogue on data retention laws: A breakthrough for European constitutional courts?
Authors: Podkowik Jan , Rybski Robert , Zubik Marek 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In 2006 the European Union (EU) adopted a directive which imposed on telecommunication operators an obligation to store all the telecommunication data (data retention) and provide access to retained data to state authorities in order to combat serious crime. The new legislation had to been implemented by all EU Member States. Immediately after the directive was issued, it triggered controversy. Substantial reservations against this measure had been confirmed by five European constitutional courts already within the first eight years since its introduction. In 2014 the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) also acknowledged those reservations. Since then, further European constitutional courts invalidated domestic legislation on data retention. This jurisprudence posed a unique research opportunity to verify whether a genuine judicial dialogue within the varied legal systems occurred in the EU. In this article we analyze jurisprudence of constitutional courts, CJEU, and the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) on data retention. We identify interactions between domestic and international standards of privacy protection. The main method employed is a comparative study of all the judgments (following their translation) along with a simultaneous analysis of the common EU regulatory framework that all of those judgments challenged. A pivotal finding was an identification of three basic models clearly describing approaches taken by the constitutional courts involved. As the basis for our models, we used the approach of constitutional courts to two pan-European courts: ECtHR and CJEU. We claim that the analyzed jurisprudence constituted an important building block in the construction of a constitutional tradition relating to the protection of privacy based on the European Convention of Human Rights. Existence of this tradition led to the 2014 CJEU judgment (and to subsequent judgments of national constitutional courts).
Lie Algebras Arising from Nichols Algebras of Diagonal Type
Authors: Andruskiewitsch Nicolás , Angiono Iván , Rossi Bertone Fiorela 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLet $\mathcal{B}_{\mathfrak{q}}$ be a finite-dimensional Nichols algebra of diagonal type with braiding matrix $\mathfrak{q}$, $\mathcal{L}_{\mathfrak{q}}$ be the corresponding Lusztig algebra as in [ 4], and $\operatorname{Fr}_{\mathfrak{q}}: \mathcal{L}_{\mathfrak{q}} \to U(\mathfrak{n}^{\mathfrak{q}})$ be the corresponding quantum Frobenius map as in [ 5]. We prove that the finite-dimensional Lie algebra $\mathfrak{n}^{\mathfrak{q}}$ is either 0 or the positive part of a semisimple Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}^{\mathfrak{q}}$, which is determined for each $\mathfrak{q}$ in the list of [ 25].
Quadruple node of triple junctions of grain boundaries in a Eu2+-doped solid solution of the ions K+, Rb+, Cl− and Br−: an epifluorescence microscopy study using the doping ion as a fluorochrome
Authors: Cordero-Borboa Adolfo Ernesto , Unda-Angeles Rodrigo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Epifluorescence microscopy was used to unveil the geometry and relative spatial orientation of an arrangement of crystal defects, consisting of a quadruple node of triple junctions of grain boundaries, in a Eu2+-doped solid solution of K+, Rb+, Cl− and Br−. The doping ion was utilized as a fluorochrome. Microscopy images of different optical cross-sections of the arrangement of crystal defects under study were recorded and used to build an electronic three-dimensional reconstruction of this arrangement. The geometry is that of an irregular tristetrahedron, centred at the quadruple node, so that the tristetrahedron legs, deviating from the lattice &lt;111&gt;-zone axis directions, lie along the triple junctions, whereas the tristetrahedron faces collapse onto the grain boundaries. The deviation angles as well as the angles defined by different triple junction pairs and different grain boundary pairs were measured. The orientational deviation is larger than that in a KI single crystal but lower than that in a solid solution of K+, Cl− and Br−, meaning that the structural equilibrium depends on the matrix lattice structural character. Uncompensated local nanostrains, due to the ion substitution, are associated with the observed decrement in structural stability, in relation to the KI case, whereas compensated local nanostrains, provoked by the simultaneous substitution of cations and anions, are argued to be responsible for the observed increment in structural stability, in relation with the K(Cl, Br) case. The optical characterization of the fluorochrome, the recording and processing of the microscopy images, the building of the electronic 3D reconstruction, the angular measure methodology and the geometrical modelling are all carefully described.
Flexible and Modular Brain Network Dynamics Characterize Flow Experiences During Media Use: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Authors: Huskey Richard , Keene Justin Robert , Wilcox Shelby , Gong Xuanjun (Jason) , Adams Robyn , Najera Christina J 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Flow is thought to occur when both task difficulty and individual ability are high. Flow experiences are highly rewarding and are associated with well-being. Importantly, media use can be a source of flow. Communication scholars have a long history of theoretical inquiry into how flow biases media selection, how different media content results in flow, and how flow influences media processing and effects. However, the neurobiological basis of flow during media use is not well understood, limiting our explanatory capacity to specify how media contribute to flow or well-being. Here, we show that flow is associated with a flexible and modular brain-network topology, which may offer an explanation for why flow is simultaneously perceived as high-control and effortless, even when the task difficulty is high. Our study tests core predictions derived from synchronization theory, and our results provide qualified support for the theory while also suggesting important theoretical updates.
Rupatadine ameliorated ulcerative colitis in rats via modulation of platelet-activatiweng factor/interleukin-6/vascular endothelial growth factor signalling pathway
Authors: Ibrahim Mohamed A , Abdelmonaem Alyaa Abdelfattah , Abdel-Gaber Seham A , Hafez Heba M , Abdel Hafez Sara Mohamed Naguib , Yehia Abdelzaher Walaa 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to analyse the potential effect of rupatadine (RUP) on ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by acetic acid (AA).

Methods
Forty male adult Wistar rats were divided into five groups: Control group: received vehicles for 14 days; AA model group: received AA at the 13th day; Sulfasalazine (SLZ) + AA group: received SLZ (250 mg/kg) for 14 days and AA at the 13th day; RUP-3 + AA group: received RUP (3 mg/kg/day) for 14 days and AA at the 13th day; and RUP-6 + AA group: received RUP (6 mg/kg/day) for 14 days and AA at the 13th day. Evidence of UC was assessed both macroscopically and microscopically. Oxidative stress markers (total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde), antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase), histamine and platelet-activating factor (PAF) were determined. Immunohistochemical estimations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were done.

Key findings
The AA group showed evidence of UC that was associated with a significant increase in oxidative stress, histamine and PAF levels with significant elevation in colonic VEGF and IL-6 immuno-expressions. RUP, in a dose-dependent manner, significantly ameliorated UC.

Conclusion
RUP protects against UC by reducing oxidative stress and by regulating the PAF/IL-6/VEGF pathway.
Shared immigration process, different perspectives: The impact of immigration-related gaps on couple relationships
Authors: Rapaport Maylys , Doucerain Marina M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Improving couples’ immigration experience requires characterizing aspects of the immigration process that affect couple relationships. Past research has set forth that post-immigration gaps between partners (discrepancies in their respective cultural adaptation) represent a key aspect. Accordingly, the present research investigated what kind of post-immigration gaps impact migrants’ couple relationship following immigration and how they do so. We used a qualitative dyadic research design, including in-depth open-ended interviews with each partner separately. This design allowed us to understand the experience of migrant couples at the dyadic level. The most notable challenges for couples were related to gaps in employment, finances, legal status, and satisfaction. Gaps led to conflicts in four situations: when one partner felt a lack of support from, or quality time with the other partner; when one partner experienced economic pressure because of his–her gender role values; when one partner had sole responsibility for his–her family stability and legal status in the host country; and when partners did not manage to make joint decisions when facing disagreement.
Zippered G-quadruplex/hemin DNAzyme: exceptional catalyst for universal bioanalytical applications
Authors: Li Jia , Wu Haiping , Yan Yurong , Yuan Taixian , Shu Yue , Gao Xin , Zhang Lu , Li Siqiao , Ding Shijia , Cheng Wei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
G-quadruplex (G4)/hemin DNAzyme is promising horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-mimic candidate in the biological field. However, its relatively unsatisfactory catalytic capacity limits the potential applications. Inspired by nature protease, we conducted a proximity-enhanced cofactor assembly strategy (PECA) to form an exceptional HRP mimic, namely zippered G4/hemin DNAzyme (Z-G4/H). The hybridization of short oligonucleotides induced proximity assembly of the DNA-grafted hemin (DGH) with the complementary G4 sequences (cG4s), mimicking the tight configuration of protease cofactor and apoenzyme. The detailed investigations of catalytic efficiency and mechanism verified the higher activity, more rapid catalytic rate and high environmental tolerance of the Z-G4/H than the classical G4/hemin DNAzymes (C-G4/H). Furthermore, a proximity recognition transducer has been developed based on the PECA for sensitive detection of gene rearrangement and imaging human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 protein (HER2) dimerization on cell surfaces. Our studies demonstrate the high efficiency of Z-G4/H and its universal application potential in clinical diagnostics and biomolecule interaction research. It also may offer significant opportunities and inspiration for the engineering of the protease-free mimic enzyme.
Specificity and sensitivity of an RNA targeting type III CRISPR complex coupled with a NucC endonuclease effector
Authors: Grüschow Sabine , Adamson Catherine S , White Malcolm F 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Type III CRISPR systems detect invading RNA, resulting in the activation of the enzymatic Cas10 subunit. The Cas10 cyclase domain generates cyclic oligoadenylate (cOA) second messenger molecules, activating a variety of effector nucleases that degrade nucleic acids to provide immunity. The prophage-encoded Vibrio metoecus type III-B (VmeCmr) locus is uncharacterised, lacks the HD nuclease domain in Cas10 and encodes a NucC DNA nuclease effector that is also found associated with Cyclic-oligonucleotide-based anti-phage signalling systems (CBASS). Here we demonstrate that VmeCmr is activated by target RNA binding, generating cyclic-triadenylate (cA3) to stimulate a robust NucC-mediated DNase activity. The specificity of VmeCmr is probed, revealing the importance of specific nucleotide positions in segment 1 of the RNA duplex and the protospacer flanking sequence (PFS). We harness this programmable system to demonstrate the potential for a highly specific and sensitive assay for detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA with a limit of detection (LoD) of 2 fM using a commercial plate reader without any extrinsic amplification step. The sensitivity is highly dependent on the guide RNA used, suggesting that target RNA secondary structure plays an important role that may also be relevant in vivo.
Transfer learning compensates limited data, batch effects and technological heterogeneity in single-cell sequencing
Authors: Park Youngjun , Hauschild Anne-Christin , Heider Dominik 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Tremendous advances in next-generation sequencing technology have enabled the accumulation of large amounts of omics data in various research areas over the past decade. However, study limitations due to small sample sizes, especially in rare disease clinical research, technological heterogeneity and batch effects limit the applicability of traditional statistics and machine learning analysis. Here, we present a meta-transfer learning approach to transfer knowledge from big data and reduce the search space in data with small sample sizes. Few-shot learning algorithms integrate meta-learning to overcome data scarcity and data heterogeneity by transferring molecular pattern recognition models from datasets of unrelated domains. We explore few-shot learning models with large scale public dataset, TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) and GTEx dataset, and demonstrate their potential as pre-training dataset in other molecular pattern recognition tasks. Our results show that meta-transfer learning is very effective for datasets with a limited sample size. Furthermore, we show that our approach can transfer knowledge across technological heterogeneity, for example, from bulk cell to single-cell data. Our approach can overcome study size constraints, batch effects and technical limitations in analyzing single-cell data by leveraging existing bulk-cell sequencing data.
Unique Considerations for Psychologists Working in Pediatric Critical Care
Authors: Cederna-Meko Crystal , Dennis Shannon L. , Ellens Rebecca E. H. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter reviews the roles of pediatric psychologists in critical care settings. Assessment and intervention strategies are discussed while also highlighting the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration. Relevant literature is reviewed while also providing practical information regarding psychology practice in these complex settings. The authors summarize adverse psychiatric sequelae and risk factors during and after the critical care admission. The consultation and liaison roles of psychologists, including assessment and intervention, health promotion, interprofessional team support, and familial support through biopsychosocial and developmental frameworks, make a case for the value they bring to critical care teams. The chapter also reviews the key knowledge, skills, and attributes necessary for psychologists to function effectively within pediatric critical care settings.
Caring for Older Adults During and After Critical Illness
Authors: Duggan Maria C. , Van Julie , Ely E. Wesley 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Over half of people with critical illness are older adults, and the number of older adults admitted to intensive care units has been increasing over time. Older adults have increased vulnerability to disease, disability, and adverse outcomes across many domains. To address this most effectively, a unique, interdisciplinary approach is necessary to optimize not only survival but also functional status and quality of life. A shortage of health care professionals equipped to care for the aging population makes it imperative that all professionals become aware of basic principles of caring for older adults. To equip them to care for this complex population, this chapter provides an overview of how aging impacts multiple domains of an older person with critical illness and describes evidence-based approaches to caring for older adults with critical illness.
Sound Relations
Authors: Perea Jessica Bissett 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Sound Relations: Native Ways of Doing Music History in Alaska delves into histories of Inuit musical life in Alaska to amplify the broader significance of sound as integral to Indigenous self-determination and resurgence movements. The book offers relational and radical ways of listening to a vast archive of Inuit presence across a range of genres—from hip hop to Christian hymnody and drumsongs to funk and R&B—to register how a density (not difference) of Indigenous ways of musicking invites readers to listen more critically to and for intersections of music, Indigeneity, and colonialism in the Americas. The research aims to dismantle stereotypical understandings of “Eskimos,” “Indians,” and “Natives” by considering how Indigenous-led and Indigeneity-centered analyses of Native musicking can reframe larger debates of race, Indigeneity, power, and representation in twenty-first-century American music historiography. Instead of proposing singular truths or facts, this book asks readers to consider the existence of multiple simultaneous truths, a density of truths, all of which are culturally constructed, performed, and in some cases politicized and policed. A sound relations approach advances a more Indigenized sound studies and a more sounded Indigenous studies that works to move beyond colonial questions of containment—“who counts as Native” and “who decides”—and colonial questions of measurement—“what exactly is ‘Native’ about Native music”—and toward an aesthetics of self-determination and resurgent world-making.
Amidst Global E-Waste Trades and Green Neoliberalization
Authors: Little Peter C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis chapter provides contextual background on global e-waste policy and politics and emerging “green” neoliberal interventions in Ghana. It explores nongovernmental organization interest in e-waste, with a particular focus on e-waste intervention in Agbogbloshie, Ghana. The chapter unearths the ways in which e-waste interventions, especially those aimed at mitigating air pollution and finding solutions to the environmental health crisis, are taking shape in Ghana. The chapter explores how e-waste intervention intersects with broader “green” urban development goals emerging in Ghana and how neoliberal efforts and infrastructures are endorsed and activated to modernize Ghana’s rapidly growing e-waste recycling and tech metal extraction economy.
Erasure, Demolition, and Violent Obsolescence in the Urban Margins
Authors: Little Peter C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis chapter explores the lived experiences and politics of erasure, demolition, and obsolescence logics in Agbogbloshie. The author highlights how the migrant laborers who make up the majority of workers in Agbogbloshie have faced repeated rounds of eviction and forced displacement. The author shows how e-workers struggle to negotiate state-based forms of violent erasure fueled by demolition and flood control logics that paradoxically redirect and reorient the focus and politics of environmental health in Agbogbloshie. The experience of displacement and eviction in Agbogbloshie exposes intersecting logics of erasure, demolition, and obsolescence. The chapter explores how e-waste workers experience “slow violence” in the form of toxic exposures, bodily distress, and displacement. But Agbogbloshie is not simply a precarious space of destruction or an impossible place to live. As this chapter shows, e-waste workers sustain cultural life amidst dire lived experiences of erasure in Ghana’s urban margins.
Why Privacy Matters
Authors: Richards Neil 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Many people tell us that privacy is dead, or that it is dying, but such talk is a dangerous fallacy. This book explains what privacy is, what privacy isn’t, and why privacy matters. Privacy is the extent to which human information is known or used, and it is fundamentally about the social power that human information provides over other people. The best way to ensure that power is checked and channeled in ways that benefit humans and their society is through rules—rules about human information. And because human information rules of some sort are inevitable, we should craft our privacy rules to promote human values. The book suggests three such values that our human information rules should promote: identity, freedom, and protection. Identity allows us to be thinking, self-defining humans; freedom lets us be citizens; while protection safeguards our roles as situated consumers and workers, allowing us, as members of society, to trust and rely on other people so that we can live our lives and hopefully build a better future together.
Uniform Stochastic Convergence
Authors: Davidson James 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter concerns random sequences of functions on metric spaces. The main issue is the distinction between convergence at all points of the space (pointwise) and uniform convergence, where limit points are also taken into account. The role of the stochastic equicontinuity property is highlighted. Generic uniform convergence conditions are given and linked to the question of uniform laws of large numbers.
CLTs for Dependent Processes
Authors: Davidson James 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter deals with the central limit theorem (CLT) for dependent processes. As with the law of large numbers, the focus is on near‐epoch dependent and mixing processes and array versions of the results are given to allow heterogeneity. The cornerstone of these results is a general CLT due to McLeish, from which a result for martingales is obtained directly. A result for stationary ergodic mixingales is given, and the rest of the chapter is devoted to proving and interpreting a CLT for mixingales and hence for arrays that are near‐epoch dependent on a strong‐mixing and uniform-mixing processes.
Stochastic Processes in Continuous Time
Authors: Davidson James 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter reviews the theory of continuous-time stochastic processes, covering the concepts of adaptation, Lévy processes, diffusions, martingales, and Markov processes. Brownian motion is studied as the most important case, with properties that include the reflection principle and the strong Markov property. The technique of Skorokhod embedding is introduced, providing novel proofs of the central limit theorem and the law of the iterated logarithm. The family of processes derived from Brownian motion is reviewed and in the final section it is shown that a continuous process having finite variance and independent increments is Brownian motion.