bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurocognitive and psychological functioning of pediatric brain tumor patients undergoing proton beam therapy for three different tumor types
Authors: Youn Sang Hee , Ha Boram , Lee Eun‐Hee , Park Boram , Yang Song Ei , Yu Eun‐Seung , Kim Joo‐Young 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundA high proportion of pediatric patients with brain tumors (BTs) are known to experience a decline in neurocognitive function after treatment. We prospectively examined neuropsychological functioning of patients with BTs of varying tumor types at different time points before, during, and after proton beam therapy.Materials and methodsA total of 98 patients with posterior fossa tumors (PFTs; n = 33), germ cell tumors (GCTs; n = 52), and other supratentorial tumors (STTs; n = 13) underwent baseline neuropsychological assessments and 57 patients underwent follow‐up assessments.ResultsAll groups displayed significantly lower performance intelligence quotient (PIQ) and processing speed (PS) scores than the normative means at baseline. The PFT group exhibited significantly lower scores for full‐scale IQ, PIQ, PS, attention, and executive function. The GCT group displayed full‐scale IQ scores within the normal range, but a significantly high proportion had memory deficits. In the STT group, all functions except for the PIQ and PS were intact. Longitudinal evaluations demonstrated stable global IQ scores over time in all groups. In the PFT group, verbal comprehension, attention, and PS improved over time. However, in the GCT group, verbal IQ scores declined significantly and psychological problems worsened over time, which were correlated with poorer neurocognitive function at 3–5 years after treatment. In the STT group, no significant changes were observed.ConclusionBecause patients with BTs exhibit various types of neurocognitive deficit before radiotherapy, early cognitive treatment tailored to the tumor type maybe beneficial. Interventions for psychological problems and memory function may be necessary, especially for patients with GCT.
A prospective study of filgrastim pharmacokinetics in morbidly obese patients compared with non‐obese controls
Authors: Stewart Aaron W. , Shillingburg Alexandra , Petros William , Wen Sijin , Piktel Debra , Moses Rebecca , Gibson Laura F. , Craig Michael , Cumpston Aaron 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionFilgrastim is a human granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF). There are limited data on dosing filgrastim in obesity. The objective of this study was to compare filgrastim pharmacokinetic parameters for morbidly obese and non‐obese patients after a single subcutaneous dose of filgrastim dosed per actual body weight.MethodsThis prospective, matched‐pair study (NCT01719432) included patients ≥18 years of age, receiving filgrastim at 5 μg/kg with a weight >190% of their ideal body weight (IBW) for “morbidly obese” patients or within 80%–124% of IBW for matched‐control patients. The control group was prospectively matched for age (within 10 years), degree of neutropenia, and gender. Filgrastim doses were not rounded to vial size, to allow more accurate assessment of exposure. Blood samples were collected at 0 (prior to dose), 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 h after the first subcutaneous administration of filgrastim.ResultsA total of 30 patients were enrolled in this prospective pharmacokinetic study, with 15 patients assigned to each arm. Non‐compartmental analysis showed that the systemic clearance (Cl) was 0.111 ± 0.041 ml/min in the morbidly obese group versus 0.124 ± 0.045 ml/min in the non‐obese group (p = 0.44). Additionally, the mean area under the curve (AUC0‐24h) was 49.3 ± 13.9 ng/ml × min in the morbidly obese group versus 46.3 ± 16.8 ng/mL x min in the non‐obese group (p = 0.6). No differences were seen in maximum concentrations (Cmax) between the two groups (morbidly obese: 48.1 ± 14.7 ng/ml vs. non‐obese: 49.2 ± 20.7 ng/ml (p = 0.87)). The morbidly obese group had a numerically higher, but not statistically significant, increase in time to maximum concentration (Tmax) compared to the non‐obese group (544 ± 145 min vs 436 ± 156 min (p = 0.06), respectively).ConclusionCalculating subcutaneous filgrastim doses using actual body weight appears to produce similar systemic exposure in morbidly obese and non‐obese patients with severe neutropenia.
Numerical Simulation of Detonation and Brisance Performance of Aluminized HMX Using Density‐Adaptive SPH
Authors: Chen Jian‐Yu , Feng Dian‐Lei , Wang Guang‐Yu , Gao Fei , Peng Chong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe prediction of the brisance performance of the aluminized explosive detonation, which involves complicated multiphase and multiphysics flow, is a difficult problem to tackle. In this paper, the detonation and brisance performance of aluminized HMX explosives is investigated using the density‐adaptive smoothed particle hydrodynamics methodology. The ignition and growth model was incorporated in smoothed particle hydrodynamics to calculate the pressure generated by the detonation of aluminized explosive, and the after‐burning combustion model was used to obtain the released energy caused by the combustion of aluminium particles. The elastic‐perfectly plastic model and Tillotson equation of state were employed to predict the dynamic behavior of metal material. In addition, the density‐adaptive method is employed to deal with the multiphase interface with a large density ratio. Firstly, the equations of state and constitutive models are verified by two benchmark cases, namely three‐dimensional detonation of PBX 9501 explosive and three‐dimensional aluminium‐aluminium high‐velocity impact. Subsequently, the detonation velocity and peak pressure of aluminized HMX with different mass fractions of aluminium powder are investigated. In the end, the interaction between the steel confiner and the detonation of aluminized explosive is conducted in order to study the brisance performance of aluminized explosive. The numerical results obtained from smoothed particle hydrodynamics are in good agreement with the experimental data, which shows that the detonation and the ballistic performance of the condensed explosive can be captured by density‐adaptive smoothed particle hydrodynamics very well.
A synthetic multivariate exponentially weighted moving average scheme for monitoring of bivariate Gamma distributed processes
Authors: Xie FuPeng , Mukherjee Amitava , Sun JinSheng , Tang AnAn , Hu XueLong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSeveral scholarly works intrinsically assume that the frequency and magnitude of events are two independent variables . However, in many practical situations, it is necessary to consider the dependence between these two characteristics of events. In this paper, two Smith–Adelfang–Tubbs (SAT) models, namely, the four‐ and the five‐parameter bivariate Gamma distributions (BGD) with a particular dependency parameter, are first reviewed. Then, a synthetic multivariate exponentially weighted moving average (synthetic MEWMA, or SMEWMA) type scheme is proposed to monitor the individual BGD observations (subgroups of size one) generated from those two specific SAT models. The Monte‐Carlo simulation method is developed to evaluate the run length () properties of the recommended SMEWMA BGD scheme in both the zero‐state and the steady‐state cases. Furthermore, we discuss the average run length (ARL) of the proposed SMEWMA BGD scheme with different design parameters, and then compare both the zero‐state and the steady‐state out‐of‐control ARL performances of the recommended SMEWMA BGD scheme with those of the classic MEWMA chart, the paired individual Gamma chart, and the MCUSUM chart. Simulation results suggest that the overall performance of the recommended SMEWMA BGD scheme is superior to the other comparative schemes. Finally, the implementation of the proposed SMEWMA BGD scheme is illustrated with a natural flood event dataset .
A Markowitz‐based alternative model: Hedging market shocks under endowment constraints*
Authors: Martin Brett , Swanson Adam 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper suggests an alternative method of investing funds managed by endowments and foundations that is largely based on the work of Harry Markowitz, Arnold Zellner, and Nassim Taleb. Recognizing most endowments work around their traditional allocation of capital to bonds and stocks, this paper offers another piece of evidence that alternative methods of protection may be advantageous when their portfolios are constructed with forecasting error in mind. It suggests taking long only positions in two Markowitz optimized long/short funds. This could allow exposure to short positions while under long only constraints, and if done correctly, outperform the typical stock/bond split, providing the needed premium for payout liabilities. While this is frequently done by endowments, these funds typically invest in portfolios that are poorly constructed. The approach discussed in this paper utilizes the covariance of forecasting errors in optimizing each of the before mentioned portfolios; they would also be constructed for performance during normal market conditions and unpredictable Black Swan event. This optimization method can be achieved by using a seemingly unrelated regression system for forecasted returns, thereby providing the theoretically correct variance covariance to be utilized in optimization. Even with the very simplistic forecasting model utilized, application of the correct methodology provides enhanced performance. The result is a portfolio that maintains its value during adverse market conditions without sacrificing annual return. The risk‐adjusted return of a portfolio constructed using the methodology outlined in this paper would be far higher than that of the stock/bond approach foundations and endowments have relied upon, even during a period of extremely good bond performance, by historical standards.
Doubly random polytopes
Authors: Newman Andrew 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA two‐step model for generating random polytopes is considered. For parameters d, m, and p, the first step is to generate a simple polytope P whose facets are given by m uniform random hyperplanes tangent to the unit sphere in , and the second step is to sample each vertex of P independently with probability p and let Q be the convex hull of the sampled vertices. We establish results on how well Q approximates the unit sphere in terms of m and p as well as asymptotics on the combinatorial complexity of Q for certain regimes of p.
Ultrasound‐Assisted Liquid‐Phase Synthesis and Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Matrix Nanocomposites Incorporating Boride Nanocrystals
Authors: Ma Binghua , Gómez‐Recio Isabel , Mazerolles Léo , Mazeran Pierre‐Emmanuel , Sanchez Clément , Delalande Stéphane , Portehault David 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIncorporating boride nanocrystals could significantly impact the mechanical properties of aluminum alloys. Molten salts synthesis offers opportunities to fabricate superhard boride nanoparticles, which can sustain the harsh conditions during the liquid‐phase design of metallic nanocomposites. Here hafnium diboride‐aluminum nanocomposites are unveiled from molten salt‐derived HfB2 nanoparticles sequentially dispersed in aluminum by ultrasound treatment. The structure and size of the nanocrystals are retained in the final nanocomposites, supporting their high chemical stability. Semicoherent interfaces between the nanoparticles and the matrix are then evidenced by TEM, suggesting that the nanocrystals could promote heterogeneous nucleation of Al and then limit the Al grain size to ≈20 µm. Nanoindentation measurements reveal significant grain boundary strengthening and grain refinement effects. It is finally shown that HfB2 nanoparticles also enable a decrease in matrix grain size and an increase in the hardness of the AlSi7Cu0.5Mg0.3 alloy. These proof‐of‐concept materials are paving the way to light‐weight Al matrix nanocomposites doped by molten‐salt synthesized nanoparticles.
Microcrystalline silica particles induce inflammatory response via pyroptosis in primary human respiratory epithelial cells
Authors: Chen Shangya , Han Bing , Geng Xiao , Li Peng , Lavin Martin F. , Yeo Abrey J. , Li Chao , Sun Jiayin , Peng Cheng , Shao Hua , Du Zhongjun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe mechanism of the sterile inflammatory response in the respiratory tract induced by exposure to sterile particles has not been fully elucidated. The aim of our study is to explore the earlier events in initiating inflammatory response at molecular and cellular level in primary cultured human airway epithelial cells (AEC) exposed to silica particles in order to provide information for earlier diagnosis and prevention of silica particle‐induced toxicity as well as possible information on the genesis of silicosis. We isolated primary AEC from three healthy adults and treated them with silica particles at different concentrations for 48 h. We found evidence for silica‐induced inflammasome activation by the co‐localization of Caspase‐1 and NLRP3, as well as increased levels of IL‐1β and IL‐18. Lactate dehydrogenase and NucGreen analysis proved the occurrence of pyroptosis. High throughput mRNA sequencing showed that the inflammatory response and NF‐κB signaling pathways were significantly enriched in gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analysis, and pyroptosis‐related genes were up‐regulated. The miR‐455‐3p and five lncRNAs (LOC105375913, NEAT1, LOC105375181, LOC100506098, and LOC105369370) were verified as key factors related to the mechanism by ceRNA network analysis. LOC105375913 was first discovered to be associated with inflammation in AEC. These data suggest that microcrystalline silica can induce significant inflammation and pyroptosis in human primary AEC through NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and NF‐κB signaling pathway at both the gene and protein levels, and the possible mechanism could be miR‐455‐3p mediated ceRNA hypothesis. Our data provide a method for the studies of the respiratory toxicity of fine particulate matter and the pathogenesis of early silicosis. The miR‐455‐3p and five lncRNAs related ceRNA network might be the toxicity mechanism of microcrystalline silica particles to AEC.
Computational resources in healthcare
Authors: Sharma Neelam , Naorem Leimarembi Devi , Gupta Satakshi , Raghava Gajendra P. S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHealthcare is the most important component in the life of all human beings as each individual wish to have happy, healthy, and wealthy life‐span. Most of the branches of science are dedicated to improve the healthcare. In the era of knowledge mining, informatics is playing a crucial role in different branches of research. Thus, a wide range of informatics‐based fields have emerged in the last three decades that include medical informatics, bioinformatics, cheminformatics, pharmacoinformatics, immunoinformatics, and clinical informatics. In the past, a number of reviews have been focused on the application of an informatics‐based field in the healthcare. In this review, an attempt is made to summarize the major computational resources developed in any informatics‐based field that have an application in healthcare. This review enlists computational resources in following groups ‐ drug discovery, toxicity prediction, vaccine designing, disease biomarkers, and Internet of Things. We mainly focused on freely available, functional resources like data repositories, prediction models, standalone software, mobile apps, and web services. In order to provide service to the community, we developed a health portal that maintain links related to healthcare http://webs.iiitd.edu.in/.This article is categorized under:
Application Areas > Health Care
Collider signatures of coannihilating dark matter in light of the B-physics anomalies
Authors: Baker Michael J. , Faroughy Darius A. , Trifinopoulos Sokratis 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Motivated by UV explanations of the B-physics anomalies, we study a dark sector containing a Majorana dark matter candidate and a coloured coannihilation partner, connected to the Standard Model predominantly via a U1 vector leptoquark. A TeV scale U1 leptoquark, which couples mostly to third generation fermions, is the only successful single-mediator description of the B-physics anomalies. After calculating the dark matter relic surface, we focus on the most promising experimental avenue: LHC searches for the coloured coannihilation partner. We find that the coloured partner hadronizes and forms meson-like bound states leading to resonant signatures at colliders reminiscent of the quarkonia decay modes in the Standard Model. By recasting existing dilepton and monojet searches we exclude coannihilation partner masses less than 280 GeV and 400 GeV, respectively. Since other existing collider searches do not significantly probe the parameter space, we propose a new dedicated search strategy for pair production of the coloured partner decaying into bbττ final states and dark matter particles. This search is expected to probe the model up to dark matter masses around 600 GeV with current luminosity.
Are humanized IgE reporter systems potential game changers in serological diagnosis of human parasitic infection?
Authors: Prakash Prema S. , Weber Michael H. W. , van Hellemond Jaap J. , Falcone Franco H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractImmunoglobulin E (IgE) is thought to have evolved to protect mammalian hosts against parasitic infections or toxins and plays a central role in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy of IgE-mediated allergy. Despite the prominence of IgE responses in most parasitic infections, and in stark contrast to its use in the diagnosis of allergy, this isotype is almost completely unexploited for parasite diagnosis. Here, we discuss the perceived or real limitations of IgE-based diagnosis in parasitology and suggest that the recent creation of a new generation of very sensitive cellular IgE-based reporters may represent a powerful new diagnostic platform, but needs to be based on a very careful choice of diagnostic allergens.
Genetic mapping of the tomato quality traits brix and blossom-end rot under supplemental LED and HPS lighting conditions
Authors: Prinzenberg Aina E. , van der Schoot Hanneke , Visser Richard G. F. , Marcelis Leo F. M. , Heuvelink Ep , Schouten Henk J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLED lighting has emerged as alternative to the current HPS standard in greenhouse production. However little is known about the impact on fruit quality under the different light spectra. We grew a biparental tomato RIL population between September 2019 and January 2020 under two commercial greenhouse supplemental lighting conditions, i.e. HPS, and 95% red/5% blue- LED, of about 220 µmol m−2 s−1at maximum canopy height for 16 h per day. Differences in Brix and blossom-end rot (BER) between the two light conditions were observed and we studied the genetic influences on those traits, separating genetics located on chromosomes from genetics located in plastids. The Brix value was on average 11% lower under LED than under HPS supplemental lighting. A LED-light specific QTL for Brix was identified on chromosome 6. This QTL can be of interest for breeding for tomato varieties cultivated under LED supplemental lighting. A Brix-QTL on chromosome 2 was found for both light conditions. In our study fewer plants developed BER under LED supplemental lighting than under HPS. We identified a novel genetic locus on chromosome 11 for the incidence of BER that lead to a difference in about 20% of fruits with BER. This genetic component was independent of the light.
Perioperative coronary artery spasms in patients undergoing catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Hachisuka Masato , Fujimoto Yuhi , Oka Eiichiro , Hayashi Hiroshi , Yamamoto Teppei , Murata Hiroshige , Yodogawa Kenji , Iwasaki Yu-ki , Hayashi Meiso , Miyauchi Yasushi , Shimizu Wataru 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Catheter ablation (CA) is an established treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF). Although coronary artery spasms (CAS) during or after ablation procedures have been described as a rare complication in some case reports, the incidence and characteristics of this complication have not been fully elucidated. The present observational study aimed to clarify the CAS in a large number of patients experiencing AF ablation.

Methods
A total of 2913 consecutive patients (male: 78%, mean 66 ± 10 years) who underwent catheter ablation of AF were enrolled.

Results
Nine patients (0.31%, mean 66 ± 10 years, 7 males) had transient ST-T elevation (STE). Eight out of the 9 patients had STE in the inferior leads. STE occurred after the transseptal puncture in 7 patients, after the sheath was pulled out of the left atrium in 1, and 2 h after the ablation procedure in 1. Six patients had definite angiographic CAS without any sign of an air embolization on the emergent coronary angiography. In the3 other patients, the STE improved either directly after an infusion of nitroglycerin or spontaneously before the CAG. The patients with CAS had a higher frequency of a smoking habit (89% vs. 53%; P = .04), smaller left atrial diameter (36 ± 6 vs. 40 ± 7; P = .07), and lower CHADS2 score (0.6 ± 0.5 vs. 1.3 ± 1.1; P = .004) than those without.

Conclusions
Although the incidence was rare (0.31%), CAS should be kept in mind as a potentially life-threatening complication throughout an AF ablation procedure especially performed under conscious sedation.
A Structural Equation Modeling Approach to Meta-analytic Mediation Analysis Using Individual Participant Data: Testing Protective Behavioral Strategies as a Mediator of Brief Motivational Intervention Effects on Alcohol-Related Problems
Authors: Huh David , Li Xiaoyin , Zhou Zhengyang , Walters Scott T. , Baldwin Scott A. , Tan Zhengqi , Larimer Mary E. , Mun Eun-Young 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper introduces a meta-analytic mediation analysis approach for individual participant data (IPD) from multiple studies. Mediation analysis evaluates whether the effectiveness of an intervention on health outcomes occurs because of change in a key behavior targeted by the intervention. However, individual trials are often statistically underpowered to test mediation hypotheses. Existing approaches for evaluating mediation in the meta-analytic context are limited by their reliance on aggregate data; thus, findings may be confounded with study-level differences unrelated to the pathway of interest. To overcome the limitations of existing meta-analytic mediation approaches, we used a one-stage estimation approach using structural equation modeling (SEM) to combine IPD from multiple studies for mediation analysis. This approach (1) accounts for the clustering of participants within studies, (2) accommodates missing data via multiple imputation, and (3) allows valid inferences about the indirect (i.e., mediated) effects via bootstrapped confidence intervals. We used data (N = 3691 from 10 studies) from Project INTEGRATE (Mun et al. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors,29, 34–48, 2015) to illustrate the SEM approach to meta-analytic mediation analysis by testing whether improvements in the use of protective behavioral strategies mediate the effectiveness of brief motivational interventions for alcohol-related problems among college students. To facilitate the application of the methodology, we provide annotated computer code in R and data for replication. At a substantive level, stand-alone personalized feedback interventions reduced alcohol-related problems via greater use of protective behavioral strategies; however, the net-mediated effect across strategies was small in size, on average.