bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and correlates of neurocognitive impairment and psychiatric disorders among schoolchildren in Wakiso District, Uganda: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Nampijja Margaret , Sembajjwe Wilber , Mpairwe Harriet , Mpango Richard , Kinyanda Eugene 
Published: September 2021

Background: There is limited data on the burden of mental disorders among ‘healthy’ children in Africa. We examined the prevalence and correlates of neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders among schoolchildren in Uganda. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 322 schoolchildren aged 5-17years in Wakiso, Uganda. We assessed for neurocognitive impairment using the Kaufmann-Assessment-Battery, and psychiatric disorders (major-depressive-disorder (MDD), attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder (ADHD), generalised-anxiety-disorder (GAD), and substance-use-disorder (SUD)) using the parent version of the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory-5, and Youth Inventory-4R Self Report. Prevalence and risk factors were determined using percentages and logistic regression. Results: Twenty-five participants (8%) had neurocognitive impairment. Nineteen (5.9%) participants had MDD, nine (2.8%) had ADHD, seven (2.2%) had GAD, 14 (8.6%) had SUD; and 30 (9.3%) had any psychiatric disorder. None of the factors examined were associated with the disorders. Conclusions: The unexpectedly high burden of mental disorders in this general population of children warrants targeted screening of those at risk, and treatment of those affected. Further, future studies should extensively investigate the factors that underlie the identified psychiatric disorders in this and similar general populations.
Fiber source of femtosecond pulses at 910–940  nm based on a Mamyshev pulse oscillator and wavelength conversion in a photonic crystal fiber
Authors: Liaugminas Gustas , Želudevičius Julijanas , Regelskis Kęstutis 
Published: September 2021

In this work, we present a fiber-based setup for femtosecond pulse generation at

∼
910
−
940

n
m

wavelength. Pump pulses from a Mamyshev oscillator with center wavelength at 1036 nm 1 ps duration are amplified and coupled into a photonic crystal fiber forming a soliton at 1051 nm. Due to the nonlinear four-wave mixing process, soliton pulses are converted to 910–940 nm with a few hundred femtosecond pulses with energy up to 0.7 nJ. The proposed design utilizes features of the Mamyshev oscillator, enabling a robust way of generating femtosecond pulses at

∼
910
−
940

n
m

.
Impact of nonlinear effects in Si towards integrated microwave-photonic applications
Authors: Bass Jake , Tran Huong , Du Wei , Soref Richard , Yu Shui-Qing 
Published: September 2021

As one of major integrated microwave photonics (IMWP) platforms, Si photonics exhibits the intensity-dependent Kerr effect and two-photon absorption (TPA) with associated free carrier effects (FCE). At the commonly used 1.55 µm, TPA losses and the associated FCE would eventually limit the dynamic range of Si photonic links. Resonating structures such as ring resonators (RRs) experience enhanced nonlinear effects due to significant intensity buildup. According to the bandgap characteristics of Si, TPA can be eliminated at and beyond 2.2 µm. In this work, a systemic simulation of straight waveguides and RRs is performed at wavelengths from 1.55 to 2.2 µm where the wavelength-dependent TPA loss is investigated. Moreover, the Kerr effect leads to unwanted change of refractive index, which shifts the RR resonant wavelength at both 1.55 and 2.2 µm, thus needing shift compensation. Compensated RRs operating at 2.2 µm could open a new venue for Si photonics towards IMWP applications.
Noncontact characterization of microstructured optical fibers coating in real time
Authors: Ermatov Timur , Gnusov Ivan , Skibina Julia , Noskov Roman E. , Gorin Dmitry 
Published: September 2021

Functional nanocoatings have allowed hollow-core microstructured
optical fibers (HC-MOFs) to be introduced into biosensing and
photochemistry applications. However, common film characterization
tools cannot evaluate the coating performance in
situ. Here we report the all-optical noncontact
characterization of the HC-MOF coating in real time. Self-assembled
multilayers consisting of inversely charged polyelectrolytes (PEs) are
deposited on the HC-MOF core capillary, and a linear spectral shift in
the position of the fiber transmission minima with increasing the film
thickness is observed as small as

∼

1.5
−
6

n
m

per single PE bilayer. We exemplify
the practical performance of our approach by registering an increase
in the coating thickness from

6

±

1

to

11

±

1

n
m

per PE bilayer with increasing ionic
strength in the PE solutions from 0.15 to 0.5 M NaCl. Additionally, we
show real-time monitoring of pH-induced coating dissolving. Simplicity
and high sensitivity make our approach a promising tool allowing
noncontact analysis of the HC-MOF coating which is still challenging
for other methods.
Direct femtosecond laser inscription of an IR fluorotellurite fiber Bragg grating
Authors: Liu Lutao , Chen Fengyi , Xiao Xusheng , Li Xingyong , Wang Ruohui , Liu Chengzhen , Guo Haitao 
Published: September 2021

This study proposes a novel, to the best of our knowledge, development of fluorotellurite glass fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). Shell-like morphology was achieved using a single femtosecond laser pulse illuminated through the fiber’s polymer coating. Different FBG fabrication methods and parameters were systematically studied to optimize performance. The fluorotellurite FBG exhibited a high sensitivity to writing laser power and reflectivity saturation effect in repetitive writing. A low-insertion-loss fluorotellurite FBG with a reflectivity of over 99% and bandwidth of less than 1 nm was successfully inscribed. The flexible inscription methods can write an FBG at any wavelength in the fluorotellurite glass transparent window, and are applicable to infrared fiber lasers or sensors.
Basic and complex cognitive functions in Adult ADHD
Authors: Mohamed Saleh M. H. , Butzbach Marah , Fuermaier Anselm B. M , Weisbrod Matthias , Aschenbrenner Steffen , Tucha Lara , Tucha Oliver 
Published: September 2021

Background
Many clinical studies reported deficits in basic and complex cognitive functions in adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, the extent in which deficits in basic functions (i.e., processing speed and distractibility) contribute to complex cognitive impairments (i.e., working memory, planning, cognitive flexibility, memory functions) in adults with ADHD is not well-studied. So far, literature show only one study, revealing that basic functions explain 27–74% of executive dysfunctions. Yet, the authors reported that findings could be affected by the selection of neuropsychological tests. The goal of the present research is to replicate such a finding using a different sample and a different set of neuropsychological tests.

Methods
Forty-eight adult patients with ADHD were compared with 48 healthy controls in basic cognitive functions, namely processing speed and distractibility and more complex cognitive functions, namely selective attention, cognitive flexibility, planning, working memory, verbal fluency, and verbal memory. Basic and complex cognitive functions were assessed using the Vigilance and Sustained Attention, Selective Attention, N-Back, Tower of London, Trail Making Test, Word Fluency, and Verbal Learning and Memory.

Results and conclusion
Logistic regression analyses showed that impairments in complex cognitive functions explained 25% of the variance in ADHD diagnosis. The explained variance dropped from 25% to 9% after considering basic functions of processing speed and distractibility. This 64% reduction highlights the importance of basic functions for impairments in complex functions in patients with ADHD.
Association between alcohol and crack: Prevalence, effects, associated factors and experiences of combined use
Authors: Teodósio Valois-Santos Naíde , Almeida Renata Barreto Fernandes de , Jacques Iracema de Jesus Almeida Alves , Santos Daianny de Paula , Silva Keila Silene de Brito e , Nappo Solange Aparecida , Brito Ana Maria de 
Published: September 2021

Objective
To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with the effect of alcohol on crack cocaine use and to analyze experiences related to combined use. Materials and methods: sequential mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative) research, carried out between August 2014 and August 2015 with people who use crack. In the quantitative approach, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,062 participants. Factors associated with “alcohol use with the effect of increasing the effect of crack/crack craving” were estimated by multiple regression. In the qualitative approach, 39 interviews were conducted using Bardin’s content analysis technique.

Results
871 (82.0%) participants reported consuming alcohol, among them, 668 (76.7%) used alcohol combined with crack: 219 (32.8%) reported feeling an effect of reduction in paranoia and/or crack craving and 384 (57.5%) reported feeling an increase in the effect of crack and in the craving to consume the drug. This relationship was also observed in the narratives of the people who use crack, with the possibility of a cyclic effect of consumption of the two substances. Those who related alcohol use to the effect of increasing crack craving (384) were more likely to use alcohol before crack (OR: 1.81; 95%CI: 1.13–2.89); to consume more than 20 stones daily (OR: 1.48; 95%CI: 1.01–2.16); to remain in abstinence from crack for less than one month (OR: 3.20; 95%CI: 1.91–5.35); to use dependence treatment services (OR: 1.85; 95%CI: 1.26–2.71); and to commit physical violence (OR:1.67; 95%CI:1.08–2.56).

Conclusion
The findings of this study indicate that the modulation of the effect of alcohol use on crack cocaine depends on the moment when the drugs are consumed, and the use of alcohol before crack consumption is associated with characteristics that suggest a greater vulnerability to patterns of harmful crack use. Even though combined use is referred to as a way of reducing the negative effects of crack, the damage of this association may be greater than its possible benefits.
Analysing the administration of an intermediate level of outpatient palliative care in Germany and developing recommendations for improvement (Polite): A study protocol for a mixed-methods study
Authors: Stiel Stephanie , van Baal Katharina , Ülgüt Rojda , Stahmeyer Jona T. , Schneider Nils 
Published: September 2021

Background
To date, there has been no systematic research on the intermediate level service (level 2) in outpatient palliative care that was introduced in Germany in 2017. Accordingly, the Polite research project aims at: (1) investigating the current state of level 2 palliative care and (2) developing recommendations for its optimisation.

Methods
The multi-perspective, observational study will follow a mixed-methods approach across two study phases. In phase 1a, quantitative routinely collected data from a statutory general local health insurance provider will be used to identify patients who received level 2 or other outpatient palliative care in the years 2017–2019. In phase 1b, a questionnaire will be sent to all registered general practitioners (GPs) in Lower Saxony to collect information on the number and characteristics of physicians offering level 2 palliative care. In phase 1c, a quantitative, standardised online questionnaire for teams providing specialised outpatient palliative care will be administered to assess the interfaces of level 2 palliative care. In phase 2a, the results from phases 1a–c will be discussed in an expert workshop with the aim of developing ideas to adapt and optimise level 2 outpatient palliative care. Finally, in phase 2b, the empirically derived recommendations from phases 1 and 2a will be agreed upon via a multi-round Delphi survey involving experts with sufficient influence to promote the project results and recommendations nationally.

Discussion
The results of the project will facilitate the optimisation of outpatient palliative care, as well as its administration, nationwide.

Trial registration
The study was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien) (Registration N° DRKS00024785); date of registration: 06th May 2021) and is searchable under the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform Search Portal of the World Health Organization, under the German Clinical Trials Register number.
Pulverizar el poder económico : el neoliberalismo y la neutralización del conflicto social.
Authors: Somma Alessandro 
Published: September 2021

El neoliberalismo entrega al Estado la tarea de vigilar las leyes del mercado y emplea la competencia para guiar políticamente a los socios. La consecuencia es el aislamiento del individuo frente al mercado, que estará obligado solo a reaccionar automáticamente a sus estímulos. De ahí que valorice el constitucionalismo antifascista, que promueve la democracia económica, además de la política. Así las cosas, el Estado estará obligado a realizar la paridad sustancial fuera del mercado, con el Estado de bienestar, pero también en el mercado, equilibrando la debilidad social con la fuerza jurídica. Los poderes públicos deben redistribuir las armas del conflicto social y de ahí lograr la repoliticización del orden económico.
Abstract: Neoliberalism gives the State the task of monitoring the laws of the market and, in this sense; it uses competition as a tool for the political direction of its members. The consequence is the isolation of the individual from the market, which condemns him to have only the behaviors that are automatic reactions to the stimuli produced by it. An alternative to this situation is to strengthen anti-fascist constitutionalism, which promotes economic democracy as well as political democracy. In this scenario, the State is obliged to implement substantial equality outside the market through welfare, but also in the market itself, balancing social weakness with legal force. Thus, it is the task of the public authorities to redistribute the weapons of social conflict and, in this way, to re-politicize the economic order.
Legal Environment and Contractual Choice
Authors: Cheng Ho Cheung 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper considers contractual choice under imperfect legal systems, in particular, contracts with different timing of payment. Ex-ante payment contracts are risky for the buyer, because the seller may shirk. Ex-post payment contracts are risky for the seller, as the buyer may default. Optimal contract is solved for any given legal environment. Exchanges with lower gains from trade tend to adopt ex-post payment contracts. The seller is a better proposer than the buyer in terms of the efficiency of the proposed contract. Surprisingly, offering ex-ante payment contracts is not strictly better for the seller under any legal environment. Moreover, mixed payment contracts are also analyzed and shown to never be optimal.
Networks in the mental lexicon – contributions from Hungarian
Authors: Kovács László , Orosz Katalin , Pollner Péter 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Connections between the units of the mental lexicon store information as complex networks, where nodes represent words. With the emergence of network science characteristics of this mental network can be quantified. Present paper investigates the network structure of the mental lexicon of a non-Indo-European language, Hungarian, using a word association database which collected word association data online. The data is examined with statistical measures of networks: path length and degree centrality are calculated. Comparing the network characteristics of the database to the English South Florida Word Association Database we found that both networks display similar characteristics. We show that the central elements of the two databases are the same words (5 out of 7) and that the most central element in the Hungarian database is money, regardless the used centrality measure. The Hungarian database possesses a single, highly connected core, which defines the network properties of the whole database. This connected core is responsible for the short paths inside the lexicon.
Deutsch-ukrainische Sprachkontakte in der Bukowina
Authors: Senyk Halyna , Kiyko Yuriy 
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung
Im vorliegenden Beitrag schlagen die Autoren einen neuen gebietstypologischen Ansatz für die Erforschung der Sprachkontakte anhand von einer vielsprachigen Region vor. Als solch eine Region gilt zweifellos die Bukowina, in der selbst “der Spiegelkarpfen in fünf Sprachen schwieg” (Rose Ausländer). Es wurde eine komplexe Methodik zur Analyse von deutschen Entlehnungen in verschiedenen Bezirken der Bukowina entwickelt, deren multikulturelle Bevölkerung in der Zeit der Österreich-Ungarischen Monarchie von der deutschen Sprache stark beeinflusst wurde. Die Untersuchungsmethodik basiert auf freien assoziativen Experimenten, die in der Nordbukowina, Deutschland und Österreich durchgeführt wurden. Die ermittelten Daten ermöglichten deutsche und ukrainische Entlehnungen in der ukrainischen und deutschen Sprache der Bukowiner sowie ihre territoralen Differenzen in der Nordbukowina zu analysieren sowie Relikte der Interferenzphänomene vom Bukowiner Deutsch außerhalb der Bukowina in Deutschland und Österreich zu bestimmen.
Simulation of a kinetic model integrated with variable catalyst holdup applied in industrial fluid catalytic cracking risers
Authors: Kiri Sivakumar K. Harish , Aravamudan Kannan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The importance of the axial catalyst holdup on the accurate prediction of reaction yields from Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Unit (FCCU) risers was explored in this study. The Kunii and Levenspiel model was incorporated in the FCCU riser simulations for predicting the solid holdup. Two approaches were compared – the popular one assuming Constant Holdup (CH) and the other incorporating Variable Holdup (VH) in the reaction kinetics models. Simulation predictions using these two approaches were fitted to the yield profiles obtained from industrial plant data reported in the literature. The kinetic parameter estimates, including frequency factors and coking parameters obtained from these two approaches, were quite similar, indicating insensitivity to catalyst holdup. However, the kinetic model incorporating VH expression could predict the plant conversion and yield to within ±10% error throughout the riser. In contrast, the CH model led to predictions that were rather erroneous (>±25%) at the riser bottom as the catalyst particle acceleration zone was neglected. Temperature, gas density, catalyst particle, and gas phase velocity profiles obtained from the VH approach were considerably different from those obtained using the CH approach. The VH approach showed that the slip factor, especially, was quite distinct as it reached a peak value before decaying exponentially. On the other hand, the CH model showed a monotonic increase in slip factor along the riser.
Experimental investigation of WEDM process through integrated desirability and machine learning technique on implant material
Authors: Kumar Anish , Sharma Renu , Gupta Arun Kumar 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
CP-Ti G2 has become the preferred biocompatible material for various devices mainly used in orthopedic and dental implants and it is also used in aviation and aircraft. While CP-Ti G2 deals with good ductility, higher stiffness, and fatigue resistance. The novelty of present research work was attentive to the effect of WEDM factors on MRR. After machining, surface topography was examined through SEM. MRR was modeled through ANOVA to analyze the adequacy. It was observed that POT, POFT, PC, and SGV most significant factors. The WEDM factors have also been significantly deteriorating the morphology of machined samples in the form of craters, debris, and micro cracks. A multi-objective optimization ‘desirability’ function hybrid with a supervised machine learning algorithm was applied to obtain the optimal solutions. The results show a good agreement between actual and predicted values.
A Case Study of Non-Fourier Heat Conduction Using Internal Variables and GENERIC
Authors: Szücs Mátyás , Pavelka Michal , Kovács Róbert , Fülöp Tamás , Ván Péter , Grmela Miroslav 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Applying simultaneously the methodology of non-equilibrium thermodynamics with internal variables (NET-IV) and the framework of General Equation for the Non-Equilibrium Reversible–Irreversible Coupling (GENERIC), we demonstrate that, in heat conduction theories, entropy current multipliers can be interpreted as relaxed state variables. Fourier’s law and its various extensions—the Maxwell–Cattaneo–Vernotte, Guyer–Krumhansl, Jeffreys type, Ginzburg–Landau (Allen–Cahn) type and ballistic–diffusive heat conduction equations—are derived in both formulations. Along these lines, a comparison of NET-IV and GENERIC is also performed. Our results may pave the way for microscopic/multiscale understanding of beyond-Fourier heat conduction and open new ways for numerical simulations of heat conduction problems.
Androids, Oracles and Free Will
Authors: Sekatskaya Maria 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Claims about freedom and predestination are ubiquitous in movies, novels, and myths. These claims touch upon the philosophical problem of the compatibility of free will and determination. In order to make an informed judgment about whether these claims are true, it is helpful to know what philosophers have to say about free will. However, philosophical discussions are usually absent in popular culture. It is perhaps no wonder, since free will is a topic that has been discussed for millennia. Consequently, these discussions have become quite complicated and not easy to decipher. This essay is a popular introduction to these discussions, accessible to readers without former acquaintance with the topic. I provide references to other works for readers interested in knowing more. My aim is to show that while there are persuasive arguments against free will, there are no fewer persuasive replies to these arguments. Free will is a fascinating topic, and I hope that acquaintance with the relevant philosophical discussion will prove useful for those who wonder if anyone is free to create their own destiny.
The crystal structure of poly[μ2-chlorido-(μ2-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane-κ
2
N:N′silver(I)], C12H12AgClN2
Authors: Fang Jianghua , Hu Minjie , Li Ying , Xu Weihong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
C12H12AgClN2, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 9.007(2) Å, b = 9.493(2) Å, c = 13.642(3) Å, V = 1166.5(4) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0160, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0370, T = 295 K.