bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Algorithmic versus teacher‐led sequencing in a digital serious game and the development of second language reading fluency and accuracy
Authors: Serra Judit , Gilabert Roger 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecent years have seen a surge of calls for personalization of education. Automatised adaptivity in serious games has been advocated as a potential instantiation of such calls. Yet little is known about the extent to which personalised learning through automatised adaptivity poses an advantage for language learning over generalised teacher‐led sequencing in digital, game‐based learning environments. The goal of this paper is to address this question by comparing the learning outcomes in reading accuracy and fluency of didactic sequences designed by EFL teachers or by an adaptive algorithm. A total of 67 participants completed several proficiency and reading skills pretest and posttest and used the iRead system for 6 months. Results showed that all learners made progress in reading skills, but no significant differences were found between the two sequences in relation to the development of reading skills. It was also shown that adaptivity works best if it leads to increase in the number of games per feature. Results are discussed in the context of previous findings, and the role of adaptivity and sequencing is critically assessed.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic?

Serious games have the potential to aid learning but empirical research is needed.

Findings about the efficiency of serious games are mixed.

Current and reviewed versions of the Simple View of Reading constitute a suitable framework to measure reading acquisition.

What this paper adds?

It contributes to the growing corpus of research on digital serious games.

It provides empirical evidence on the use of an adaptive system in formal education.

Comparing a teacher‐led sequence to an algorithmic adaptive sequence on the same digital serious game has never been done before.

The paper shows the need to obtain both system‐internal and system‐external data in order to capture the impact of gameplay on the development of L2 reading skills.

Implications for practise and/or policy

It sheds some light on how certain game designs may actually help practise with different degrees of intervention by teachers.

It is interesting for teachers to use an adaptive sequence that they can check and intervene in if needed.
Bone healing around titanium implants in a preclinical model of bile duct ligation‐induced liver injury
Authors: Talebian Reza , Kampleitner Carina , Sagl Benedikt , Kuchler Ulrike , Dehpour Ahmad Reza , Gruber Reinhard 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesChronic liver disease increases the risk for periodontal disease and osteoporotic fractures, but its impacts on bone regeneration remain unknown. Herein, we studied the impact of liver cirrhosis on peri‐implant bone formation.Material and MethodsA total of 20 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: one with the common bile duct ligated (BDL) and the respective sham‐treated control group (SHAM). After four weeks of disease induction, titanium mini‐screws were inserted into the tibia. Successful induction of liver cirrhosis was confirmed by the presence of clinical symptoms. Another four weeks later, peri‐implant bone volume per tissue volume (BV/TV) and bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) were determined by histomorphometric analysis.ResultsPeri‐implant bone formation was not significantly different between the SHAM and BDL groups. In the cortical compartment, the median percentage of peri‐implant new bone was 10.1% (95% CI of mean 4.0–35.7) and 22.5% (13.8–30.6) in the SHAM and BDL groups, respectively (p = .26). Consistently, the new bone in direct contact with the implant was 18.1% (0.4–37.8) and 23.3% (9.2–32.8) in SHAM and BDL groups, respectively (p = .38). When measuring the medullary compartment, the new bone area was 7.1% (4.8–10.4) and 10.4% (7.2–13.5) in the SHAM and BDL groups, respectively (p = .17). Medullary new bone in direct contact with the implant was 10.0% (1.2–50.4) and 20.6% (16.8–35.3) in SHAM and BDL groups, respectively, and thus comparable between the two groups (p = .46).ConclusionsBile duct ligation has no significant impact on the early stages of peri‐implant bone formation.
Spinal microglial β‐endorphin signaling mediates IL‐10 and exenatide‐induced inhibition of synaptic plasticity in neuropathic pain
Authors: Ma Le , Peng Shiyu , Wei Jinbao , Zhao Mengjing , Ahmad Khalil Ali , Chen Jinghong , Wang Yong‐Xiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate the regulation of pain hypersensitivity induced by the spinal synaptic transmission mechanisms underlying interleukin (IL)‐10 and glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor (GLP‐1R) agonist exenatide‐induced pain anti‐hypersensitivity in neuropathic rats through spinal nerve ligations.MethodsNeuropathic pain model was established by spinal nerve ligation of L5/L6 and verified by electrophysiological recording and immunofluorescence staining. Microglial expression of β‐endorphin through autocrine IL‐10‐ and exenatide‐induced inhibition of glutamatergic transmission were performed by behavioral tests coupled with whole‐cell recording of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) and miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) through application of endogenous and exogenous IL‐10 and β‐endorphin.ResultsIntrathecal injections of IL‐10, exenatide, and the μ‐opioid receptor (MOR) agonists β‐endorphin and DAMGO inhibited thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia in neuropathic rats. Whole‐cell recordings of bath application of exenatide, IL‐10, and β‐endorphin showed similarly suppressed enhanced frequency and amplitude of the mEPSCs in the spinal dorsal horn neurons of laminae II, but did not reduce the frequency and amplitude of mIPSCs in neuropathic rats. The inhibitory effects of IL‐10 and exenatide on pain hypersensitive behaviors and spinal synaptic plasticity were totally blocked by pretreatment of IL‐10 antibody, β‐endorphin antiserum, and MOR antagonist CTAP. In addition, the microglial metabolic inhibitor minocycline blocked the inhibitory effects of IL‐10 and exenatide but not β‐endorphin on spinal synaptic plasticity.ConclusionThis suggests that spinal microglial expression of β‐endorphin mediates IL‐10‐ and exenatide‐induced inhibition of glutamatergic transmission and pain hypersensitivity via presynaptic and postsynaptic MORs in spinal dorsal horn.
Traumatic aortic root rupture leading to acute aortic regurgitation and acute type A aortic dissection
Authors: Nepal Subash , Raj Vijay , Chaudhuri Debanik , Barreto Stephany 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA 17‐year‐old male sustained a blunt thoracic trauma after he had a dirt bike accident. He was admitted for the management of multiple fractures, was hemodynamically stable, and presented without any cardiac symptoms. The patient underwent transthoracic echocardiography and CT angiogram of the thorax as the workup of possible cardiac injury as he had a new aortic regurgitation murmur, troponin rise, and a new RBBB. Imaging showed aortic root rupture, type A aortic dissection involving aortic root and proximal ascending aorta, and acute severe aortic regurgitation, not typically seen with blunt thoracic trauma. The patient was immediately taken to the operating room, underwent a surgical aortic valve and root replacement with the Bentall procedure, and had a good outcome.
Season‐specific survival rates and densities of coastal cutthroat trout across stream sizes in southwestern British Columbia
Authors: Sheldon Kim A. , Richardson John S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVariation in seasonal survival rates, densities and growth rates of coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii) were assessed across a size gradient of small, forested streams in the Pacific Northwest. We used a robust, mark‐recapture study, stratified seasonally to estimate monthly survival rates of trout in coastal British Columbia (not including young‐of‐the‐year). Survival estimates showed that the summer season had the lowest monthly survival rates (0.907) across all streams in our study (0.927 remainder of year). Within the size range of the seven small streams studied, low‐flow habitat availability (defined by residual pool depth in summer) was the best predictor of mean monthly survival rates, supporting the hypothesis that trout survival increases with the quantity of aquatic habitat, particularly depths of residual pools. In addition, there was an asymptotic relation between water depth and survival rates, where beyond ~20 cm of residual pool depth, greater depth did not confer greater rates of trout survival. Growth rates in all but the largest stream were also lowest during summer. While densities tended to be higher in streams with greater residual depth, this was not significant. Body mass in a given season was a good predictor of survival to the next sampling period. The distribution and success of resident cutthroat trout populations in small streams appear to be constrained by summer low‐flow periods and specific geomorphologies that support deeper pools.
Prevalence of acute dizziness and vertigo in cortical stroke
Authors: Man Chan Yuk , Wong Yean , Khalid Noorulain , Wastling Stephen , Flores‐Martin Andreas , Frank Lucy‐Anne , Koohi Nehzat , Arshad Qadeer , Davagnanam Indran , Kaski Diego 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeIn posterior circulation stroke, vertigo can be a presenting feature. However, whether isolated hemispheric strokes present with vertigo is less clear, despite a few single case reports in the literature. Here, (a) the prevalence of vertigo/dizziness in acute stroke is explored and (b) the cortical distribution of the lesions in relation to both the known vestibular cortex and the evolution of the symptoms, are considered.MethodsStructured interviews were conducted in 173 consecutive unselected patients admitted to the hyperacute stroke unit at the University College London Hospitals. The interview was used to evaluate whether the patient was suffering from dizziness and/or vertigo before the onset of the stroke and at the time of the stroke (acute dizziness/vertigo), and the nature of these symptoms.ResultsIn all, 53 patients had cortical infarcts, of which 21 patients reported acute dizziness. Out of these 21, five patients reported rotational vertigo. Seventeen of the total 53 patients had lesions in known vestibular cortical areas distributed within the insular and parietal opercular cortices.ConclusionsThe prevalence of vertigo in acute cortical strokes was 9%, with no single locus of lesion overlap. There is growing evidence supporting a lateralized vestibular cortex, with speculation that cortical strokes affecting the right hemisphere are more likely to cause vestibular symptoms than left hemispheric strokes. A trend was observed for this association, with the right hemisphere affected in four of five patients who reported spinning vertigo at the onset of the stroke.
Rapid adaptation through genomic and epigenomic responses following translocations in an endangered salmonid
Authors: Crotti Marco , Yohannes Elizabeth , Winfield Ian J. , Lyle Alex A. , Adams Colin E. , Elmer Kathryn R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIdentifying the molecular mechanisms facilitating adaptation to new environments is a key question in evolutionary biology, especially in the face of current rapid and human‐induced changes. Translocations have become an important tool for species conservation, but the attendant small population sizes and new ecological pressures might affect phenotypic and genotypic variation and trajectories dramatically and in unknown ways. In Scotland, the European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) is native to only two lakes and vulnerable to extirpation. Six new refuge populations were established over the last 30 years as a conservation measure. In this study, we examined whether there is a predictable ecological and evolutionary response of these fishes to translocation. We found eco‐morphological differences, as functional traits relating to body shape differed between source and refuge populations. Dual isotopic analyses suggested some ecological release, with the diets in refuge populations being more diverse than in source populations. Analyses of up to 9117 genome‐mapped SNPs showed that refuge populations had reduced genetic diversity and elevated inbreeding and relatedness relative to source populations, though genomic differentiation was low (FST = 0.002–0.030). We identified 14 genomic SNPs that showed shared signals of a selective response to translocations, including some located near or within genes involved in the immune system, nervous system and hepatic functions. Analysis of up to 120,897 epigenomic loci identified a component of consistent differential methylation between source and refuge populations. We found that epigenomic variation and genomic variation were associated with morphological variation, but we were not able to infer an effect of population age because the patterns were also linked with the methodology of the translocations. These results show that conservation‐driven translocations affect evolutionary potential by impacting eco‐morphological, genomic and epigenomic components of diversity, shedding light on acclimation and adaptation process in these contexts.
Value of medical imaging artificial intelligence in the diagnosis and treatment of new coronavirus pneumonia
Authors: Jia Shouqin , Wang Ying , Wang Wuzhang , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Xu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe development of computer technology is becoming more and more mature. The application of artificial intelligence to the medical field has made important contributions to medical diagnosis and auxiliary detection. Using the powerful computing power of computers to replace humans in the automatic diagnosis of complex diseases has been enthusiastic by the majority of scientific researchers. In the current medical imaging diagnosis system, the location of the lesion is mainly found by observing the two‐dimensional medical image sequence, and the signs of biological information cannot be accurately displayed. Through medical image analysis technology, two‐dimensional images will be divided into three‐dimensional models after image segmentation, image recognition, and three‐dimensional imaging. In this way, it seems that the doctor can “hold the image volume data,” which can greatly improve the scientific and accurate diagnosis. Sex—this article applies artificial intelligence to medical imaging, combined with embedded technology, RFID technology and signal processing technology, and applies the new coronavirus pneumonia image to the artificial intelligence environment after processing, assisting doctors in diagnosis of the disease, and providing relevant information about patients record and manage the diagnosis and diagnosis, save and accumulate the experience and knowledge of famous doctors through the expert system, and then perform corresponding operations and analysis. Through the medical image intelligent analysis system, the safety risk of medical imaging artificial intelligence diagnosis is reduced from 81% to 11%, which greatly reduces the hidden safety hazards for doctors and patients, reduces the workload of doctors, and also reduces the cost of medical care by 79% It is reduced to 20%, which reduces the waiting time of patients and achieves the purpose of improving the accuracy of diagnosis.
The effect of different irrigation solutions and activation techniques on the expression of growth factors from dentine of extracted premolar teeth
Authors: Hancerliogullari Dilek , Erdemir Ali , Kisa Ucler 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate in a laboratory study, the effect of different canal irrigant solutions and activation techniques on transforming growth factor (TGF‐β1), insulin growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1), bone morphogenetic protein‐7 (BMP‐7) and vascular endothelial growth factor‐A (VEGF‐A) release levels from the dentine of extracted premolar teeth.MethodologySeventy premolar teeth with single root and canal were used. The lengths of the root segments were standardized to 12 mm, and the root canals were prepared up to size 100 with hand files. All surfaces of the teeth were covered with nail polish except the inner root canal surface. The root canals were irrigated with 1.5% NaOCl. Ten teeth were allocated to the control group. The remaining sixty teeth were divided into 2 main groups according to the chelating agent used (17% EDTA, 10% Citric acid; CA) and 3 subgroups (n = 10) according to irrigation activation technique (conventional syringe irrigation (CSI), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and Er:YAG laser activation). After the activation procedure, the root segments were placed into eppendorf tubes containing 1 mL of phosphate‐buffered saline solution and kept at 37℃. TGF‐β1, IGF‐1, BMP‐7 and VEGF‐A release levels from dentine were measured using the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method at 24 h and at day 7. The volume of root canals was calculated using cone‐beam computed tomography. The growth factor levels were calculated in ng/mL except VEGF‐A (pg/ml). Normality analysis of the data was evaluated with the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann–Whitney‐U and Wilcoxon tests.ResultsRegardless of the activation type and sampling time, EDTA caused significantly more IGF release than did CA, whereas EDTA and CA were equally effective for the release of the other growth factors. For either EDTA or CA, the lowest and highest growth factor release levels were observed in the CSI and Er:YAG laser groups, respectively (p < .05). All of the growth factors were released significantly more at 24 h than on day 7 (p < .05).ConclusionsIrrigation activation techniques with EDTA or CA increased the release levels of all growth factors from the dentine of canal walls in extracted premolar teeth.
Shear properties of C/C‐SiC sandwich structures
Authors: Heidenreich Bernhard , Kraft Harald , Bamsey Nathan , Such‐Taboada Miguel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCarbon fiber reinforced carbon‐silicon carbide (C/C‐SiC) sandwich structures have been developed using the Liquid Silicon Infiltration process and the in situ joining method. They offer high mass‐specific stiffness, low thermal expansion, and high environmental stability. Potential application areas are highly precise satellite structures, like optical benches. In this study, sandwich samples were manufactured using prepregs based on 2D carbon fibre fabrics and a phenolic resin precursor. Carbon fibre reinforced polymer preforms for folded and grid‐cores, as well as for the skin panels were manufactured using autoclave technique. In the second step, the sandwich components were pyrolyzed, leading to C/C preforms. For the build‐up of the sandwich samples, two skin panels were joined to a core structure and subsequently, the resulting C/C sandwich preform was siliconized. C/C‐SiC sandwich samples were tested under shear load. Shear strength, modulus, and fracture strain were determined and compared to the results obtained by analytical calculation. The shear properties were dependent on the fiber orientation in the core structure as well as on the core type and orientation. The sandwich shear stiffness obtained in the tests was close to the expected theoretical values, calculated on the basis of the material properties and the core geometry.
Corporate cannibalism in an oligopolistic market
Authors: Wang Xingtang , Wang Leonard F. S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we consider whether a firm that produces high‐quality products chooses to produce lower‐quality products. We find that when there is only one monopoly in the market, the monopoly will only produce a single‐quality product. When there are two firms in the market, one produces high‐quality products and the other one produces low‐quality products. When certain conditions are met, the firm that produces high‐quality products has an incentive to produce products of medium or lower quality, thus profiting. The production of new products by a firm will bring about the improvement of consumer surplus and social welfare.
In silico identification of novel small molecule umami peptide from ovotransferrin
Authors: Zhao Wenzhu , He Jingbo , Yu Zhipeng , Wu Sijia , Li Jianrong , Liu Jingbo , Liao Xiaojun 
Published: June 2021

SummaryUmami ingredients are the important components of seasoning in food and widely used in food production. However, few novel umami peptides were isolated and identified. Here, the purpose of this research is to identify small molecule umami peptides derived from ovotransferrin by molecular docking. Based on the virtual enzymatic hydrolysis and molecular docking analysis, the tripeptide DEK with the lowest CDOCKER‐ENERGY (−99.50 kcal mol−1) was identified, which could occupy the extracellular venus flytrap domain (VFTD) of T1R1/T1R3 (taste receptor type 1, member 1 and 3). Furthermore, the electronic tongue was used to measure the umami taste of DEK. The results showed that the umami value of DEK was 2.31, which was higher than that of monosodium L‐glutamate via electronic tongue analysis. The docking results showed that virtual screening and molecular docking may be a more reliable and rapid method to substitute for classical methods for screening and identification of small molecule umami peptides.
Survival of stainless‐steel crowns and composite resin restorations in molars affected by molar‐incisor hypomineralization (MIH)
Authors: de Farias Aline Leite , Rojas‐Gualdrón Diego Fernando , Mejía Juan Diego , Bussaneli Diego Girotto , Santos‐Pinto Lourdes , Restrepo Manuel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, there is no consensus on the superiority of any material for the restorative treatment of molars affected by molar‐incisor hypomineralization (MIH).AimTo evaluate the survival of restorations with stainless‐steel crown (SSC) or composite resin (CR) in first permanent molars affected by MIH for 24 months.DesignIn this retrospective cohort study, 61 CR and 54 SSC restorations placed on molars affected by MIH of patients, aged between 7 and 10, that were treated and overseen at a university dental clinic in the period of 2017‐2020 were evaluated. The primary outcome was the failure‐free survival time. Parametric survival models were used for data censored by interval, and the comparison between SSC and CR was performed using the hazard ratio function with a 95% confidence interval.ResultsThe survival of SSC and CR restorations after 24 months was 94.4% and 49.2%, respectively. This difference was influenced by the presence of previous restoration (aHR = 3.4; 95% CI: 1.2‐9.4) and cusp involvement (aHR = 4.0; 95% CI: 1.5‐11.2).ConclusionIn molars with MIH and the need for restorative treatment, SSC had a significantly higher survival rate than CR over 24 months.