bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practical application of in vivo MRI‐based brown adipose tissue measurements in infants
Authors: Flanagan Emily W. , Altazan Abby D. , Carmichael Owen T. , Hu Houchun H. , Redman Leanne M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe role of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in infant metabolism remains poorly understood, primarily because of the inherent limitation of positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging to measure BAT, which is not suitable for infants. The aims of this method development study were to assess the feasibility, intra‐rater reliability, interscan repeatability, and physiological relevance of measuring BAT in infants using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsA total of 10 nonsedated infants (mean age, 22.6 [1.3] days old) completed two 3‐T MRI exams using chemical‐shift‐encoded water‐fat scans 6.2 (2.8) days apart. Candidate BAT voxels in the supraclavicular region were identified based on fat signal fraction (FSF). The volumes of BAT depots were manually traced, and FSF was calculated. Whole‐body fat mass was determined using dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry.ResultsImages were successfully obtained from 19 of 20 (95%) attempted scans. The mean BAT volume was 5.41 (SD 1.1) cm3, and the mean FSF was 16.41% (SD 3.3%). Intra‐rater analysis showed good reliability with no systemic bias (proportional bias for volume: p = 0.19; FSF: p = 0.30). Test‐retest for interscan repeatability was good (intraclass correlation coefficients for volume: 0.92, p = 0.001 and intraclass correlation coefficients for FSF: 0.93, p < 0.001). FSF was inversely related to fat‐free mass (r = −0.69, p = 0.03).ConclusionsThis method development study supports the use of MRI to obtain reliable and quantitative measurements of BAT volume in infants.
Determinants of endothelial dysfunction in noncritically ill hospitalized COVID‐19 patients: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Heubel Alessandro Domingues , Viana Ariane Aparecida , Linares Stephanie Nogueira , do Amaral Vanessa Teixeira , Schafauser Nathany Souza , de Oliveira Gustavo Yudi Orikassa , Ramírez Paula Camila , Martinelli Bruno , da Silva Alexandre Tiago , Borghi‐Silva Audrey , Ciolac Emmanuel Gomes , Mendes Renata Gonçalves 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify determinants of endothelial dysfunction in patients hospitalized with acute COVID‐19.MethodsA total of 109 hospitalized COVID‐19 patients in noncritical status were cross‐sectionally studied. Clinical data (age, sex, comorbidities, and medications) and BMI were assessed. Laboratory tests included serum hemoglobin, leukocytes, lymphocytes, platelets, C‐reactive protein, ferritin, D‐dimer, and creatinine. Physical status was evaluated using a handgrip dynamometer. Endothelial function was assessed noninvasively using the flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) method.ResultsThe sample average age was 51 years, 51% of patients were male, and the most frequent comorbidity was obesity (62%). Univariate analysis showed association of lower FMD with higher BMI, hypertension, use of oral antihypertensive, higher blood levels of creatinine, and larger baseline artery diameter. After adjusting for confounders, the multivariate analysis showed BMI (95% CI: −0.26 to −0.11; p < 0.001) as the major factor associated with FMD. Other factors associated with FMD were baseline artery diameter (95% CI: −1.77 to −0.29; p = 0.007) and blood levels of creatinine (95% CI: −1.99 to −0.16; p = 0.022).ConclusionsIncreased BMI was the major factor associated with endothelial dysfunction in noncritically hospitalized COVID‐19 patients. This may explain one of the pathways in which obesity may increase the risk for severe COVID‐19.
FAM89A and IFI44L for distinguishing between viral and bacterial infections in children with febrile illness
Authors: Tian Shufeng , Deng Jikui , Huang Wenhua , Liu Linlin , Chen Yunsheng , Jiang Yongqiang , Liu Gang 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTImportanceThe current lack of reliable rapid tests for distinguishing between bacterial and viral infections has contributed to antibiotic misuse.ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop a novel biomarker assay that integrates FAM89A and IFI44L measurements to assist in differentiating between bacterial and viral infections.MethodsThis prospective study recruited children with febrile illness from two hospitals between July 1, 2018, and June 30, 2019. A panel of three experienced pediatricians performed reference standard diagnoses of all patients (i.e., bacterial or viral infection) using available clinical and laboratory data, including a 28‐day follow‐up assessment. Assay operators were blinded to the reference standard diagnoses. The expression levels of FAM89A and IFI44L were determined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction assessment.ResultsOf 133 potentially eligible patients with suspected bacterial or viral infection, 35 were excluded after the application of exclusion criteria. The resulting cohort included 98 patients: 59 with viral diagnoses and 39 with bacterial diagnoses. The areas under the curve (AUCs) of diagnoses using FAM89A and IFI44L were 0.694 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.583–0.804] and 0.751 (95% CI: 0.651–0.851), respectively. The disease risk score (DRS) [log2(FAM89A expression) − log2(IFI44L expression)] signature achieved an improved area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC, 0.825; 95% CI: 0.735–0.915), compared with the AUC generated from individual host RNA. A combination of the DRS and the C‐reactive protein (CRP) level achieved an AUC of 0.896 (95% CI: 0.825–0.966). Optimal cutoffs for the DRS and CRP level were –3.18 and 19.80 mg/L, respectively.InterpretationThe DRS was significantly more accurate than the CRP level in distinguishing between bacterial and viral infections; the combination of these two parameters exhibited greater sensitivity and specificity. This study provides information that could be useful for the clinical application of FAM89A and IFI44L in terms of distinguishing between viral and bacterial infections.
Miracles in my time: Reflections of a pediatric respiratory physician
Authors: Massie John 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMiracles, like London buses, just seem to come along. The truth is, there are no miracles, just lots of hard work behind the scenes, minds open to opportunity, serendipity, and possibly a little luck. In my time as a pediatric respiratory physician, I have borne witness to remarkable advances in treatment that have changed patients' fortunes overnight. Examples of these include artificial surfactant replacement for premature newborns, conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination, propranolol for infants with subglottic haemangiomas, mandibular distraction for babies with micrognathia, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator modulators therapy for patients with cystic fibrosis, and antisense oligonucleotide therapy for infants with spinal muscular atrophy. There are lessons to be learned from reflection upon these life‐transforming treatments, and perhaps it is a good time just to pause and wonder.
Fiducial Higgs and Drell-Yan distributions at N3LL′+NNLO with RadISH
Authors: Re Emanuele , Rottoli Luca , Torrielli Paolo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We present state-of-the-art predictions for transverse observables relevant to colour-singlet production at the LHC, in particular the transverse momentum of the colour singlet in gluon-fusion Higgs production and in neutral Drell-Yan lepton-pair production, as well as the $$ {\phi}_{\eta}^{\ast } $$

ϕ
η
∗

observable in Drell Yan. We perform a next-to-next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic (N3LL) resummation of such observables in momentum space according to the RadISH formalism, consistently including in our prediction all constant terms of relative order $$ {\alpha}_s^3 $$

α
s
3

with respect to the Born, thereby achieving N3LL′ accuracy. The calculation is fully exclusive with respect to the Born kinematics, which allows the application of arbitrary fiducial selection cuts on the decay products of the colour singlet. We supplement our results with a transverse-recoil prescription, accounting for dominant classes of subleading-power corrections in a fiducial setup. The resummed predictions are matched with fixed-order differential spectra at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) accuracy. A phenomenological comparison is carried out with 13 TeV LHC data relevant to the Higgs to di-photon channel, as well as to neutral Drell-Yan lepton-pair production. Overall, the inclusion of $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
($$ {\alpha}_s^3 $$

α
s
3

) constant terms, and to a lesser extent of transverse-recoil effects, proves beneficial for the comparison of theoretical predictions to data, leaving a residual theoretical uncertainty in the resummation region at the 2–5% level for Drell-Yan observables, and 5–7% in Higgs production.
Bereitschaft zur COVID-19-Impfung unter Beschäftigten im Gesundheitswesen in Deutschland
Authors: Schug Caterina , Erim Yesim , Geiser Franziska , Hiebel Nina , Beschoner Petra , Jerg-Bretzke Lucia , Albus Christian , Weidner Kerstin , Steudte-Schmiedgen Susann , Borho Andrea , Lieb Marietta , Morawa Eva 
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die COVID-19-Pandemie stellt eine anhaltende Belastung für die Gesellschaft und das Gesundheitssystem dar. Die Bereitschaft des Gesundheitspersonals zur COVID-19-Impfung ist aufgrund seiner Schlüsselrolle in der Pandemiebewältigung besonders relevant.

Ziel der Arbeit
Die Studie untersuchte die Impfbereitschaft des Gesundheitspersonals in Deutschland in Abhängigkeit von soziodemografischen, berufsbezogenen und COVID-19-spezifischen Merkmalen sowie psychischer Gesundheit.

Methoden
Zwischen November 2020 und Januar 2021 wurden 6217 Beschäftigte im deutschen Gesundheitswesen mithilfe der Onlinebefragung VOICE im Rahmen des Netzwerks Universitätsmedizin (NUM) zu ihrer Impfbereitschaft, ihren soziodemografischen, berufsbezogenen, COVID-19-spezifischen und psychosozialen Daten befragt.

Ergebnisse
Die Impfbereitschaft der Stichprobe lag bei 65,3 %. Mit einer höheren Impfbereitschaft assoziiert waren: männliches Geschlecht, Alter > 40 Jahre, keine Kinder und keinen Migrationshintergrund zu haben, keine Tätigkeit in der direkten Patientenversorgung, Zugehörigkeit zu einer COVID-19-Risikogruppe, Zugehörigkeit zur Berufsgruppe der Ärztinnen und Ärzte und der Psychologinnen und Psychologen im Vergleich mit den Pflegekräften, ausreichende Informiertheit über COVID-19 und der wahrgenommene Schutz durch die Maßnahmen nationaler/lokaler Behörden und des Arbeitgebers, Angst vor Infektion sowie keine Anzeichen von Depression. Die höchste Impfbereitschaft zeigten Ärztinnen und Ärzte.

Diskussion
Die Bereitschaft zur COVID-19-Impfung im Gesundheitswesen war im beschriebenen Zeitraum insgesamt als mäßig einzuschätzen. Informationen über die Krankheit und Impfung, vor allem für jüngere, weibliche und nichtärztliche Beschäftigte, angemessene Schutzmaßnahmen und die Prävention depressiver Symptome könnten die Impfbereitschaft erhöhen.
Der Telenotarzt als „Einsatzleiter“ zur Stabilisierung eines kritisch kranken Patienten
Authors: Humburg Dennis , Timpe Maximilian , Wranze-Bielefeld Erich , Martens Florian , Rupp Dennis , Sassen Martin C. 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungEs wird über die präklinische Versorgung eines 82-jährigen Patienten im septischen Schock bei akuter Pankreatitis berichtet. Initial wurde nur ein Rettungswagen alarmiert, dessen Besatzung nach der ersten Einschätzung einen Notarzt per Hubschrauber an die Einsatzstelle nachforderte. Die Besatzung entschied sich, bei absehbar langem notarztfreien Intervall, telemedizinische Unterstützung anzufordern. Trotz initialer massiver Zentralisierung und schwierigen Bedingungen vor Ort gelang es dem Team, in ständiger Rücksprache mit dem Telenotarzt, den Patienten bis zum Eintreffen des Hubschraubers so zu stabilisieren, dass ein sofortiger und komplikationsloser Transport möglich wurde.
Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) fodder cutting management in the Guinea Savanna Agro-Ecological Zone of Ghana
Authors: Tenakwa E. A. , Imoro A. Z. , Ansah T. , Kizito F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study evaluated the effect of cutting regime on biomass yield and nutrient composition of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp.) fodder in the Guinea Savanna Agro-Ecological Zone of Ghana. Three cutting regimes (12, 16 and 20 Week After Planting [WAP]) in RCBD were imposed on Cajanus cajan at both initial establishment and regrowth. At each harvest, biomass yield was estimated after which samples of the fodder were separated into leaf and stem botanical fractions for chemical composition and in vitro digestibility. Cutting regime significantly affected plant height, number of branches and stem diameter in both the initial establishment and regrowth. Biomass yield was significantly affected by cutting regime in the initial establishment but not the regrowth. The biomass yield was highest in the harvest at 20WAP (6515kgDM/ha) while 12WAP (3175 kg/ha) recorded the lowest biomass yield in the initial establishment. All chemical composition parameters were significantly affected by cutting regime and botanical fractions except hemicellulose in the initial establishment. Cutting regime also significantly affected DM, CP and ash concentrations in the regrowth with botanical fraction significantly (P < 0.05) influencing CP, NDF, ADF and ash. The highest CP was obtained in the leaf fraction harvested at 12 WAP and 20 WAP in the initial establishment and regrowth respectively. Cutting regime, botanical fraction and their interaction were significant in gas produced at 24 h, SCFA and ME in both the initial establishment and regrowth stages. In conclusion, harvest at 20WAP produced the highest biomass yield but lower CP in the initial establishment whiles in the regrowth, harvest at 20WAP produced higher biomass yield, CP and ME.
A phase II study of sequential treatment with anthracycline and taxane followed by eribulin in patients with HER2-negative, locally advanced breast cancer (JBCRG-17)
Authors: Fukada Ippei , Ito Yoshinori , Kondo Naoto , Ohtani Shoichiro , Hattori Masaya , Tokunaga Eriko , Matsunami Nobuki , Mashino Kohjiro , Kosaka Taijiro , Tanabe Masahiko , Yotsumoto Daisuke , Yamanouchi Kosho , Sawaki Masataka , Kashiwaba Masahiro , Kawabata Hidetaka , Kuroi Katsumasa , Morita Satoshi , Ohno Shinji , Toi Masakazu , Masuda Norikazu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The sequence of taxanes (T) followed by anthracyclines (A) as neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been the standard of care for almost 20 years for locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). Sequential administration of eribulin (E) following A/T could provide a greater response rate for women with LABC.

Methods
In this single-arm, multicenter, Phase II prospective study, the patients received 4 cycles of the FEC regimen and 4 cycles of taxane. After the A/T-regimen, 4 cycles of E were administered followed by surgical resection. The primary endpoint was the clinical response rate. Eligible patients were women aged 20 years or older, with histologically confirmed invasive breast cancer, clinical Stage IIIA (T2–3 and N2 only), Stage IIIB, and Stage IIIC, HER2-negative.

Results
A preplanned interim analysis aimed to validate the trial assumptions was conducted after treatment of 20 patients and demonstrated that clinical progressive disease rates in the E phase were significantly higher (30%) than assumed. Therefore, the Independent Data Monitoring Committee recommended stopping the study. Finally, 53 patients were enrolled, and 26 patients received the A/T/E-regimen. The overall observed clinical response rate (RR) was 73% (19/26); RRs were 77% (20/26) in the AT phase and 23% (6/26) in the E phase. Thirty percent (8/26) of patients had PD in the E phase, 6 of whom had achieved cCR/PR in the AT phase. Reported grade ≥ 3 AEs related to E were neutropenia (42%), white blood cell count decrease (27%), febrile neutropenia (7.6%), weight gain (3.8%), and weight loss (3.8%).

Conclusion
Sequential administration of eribulin after the A/T-regimen provided no additional effect for LABC patients. Future research should continue to focus on identifying specific molecular biomarkers that can improve response rates.
Lack of cross-resistance between non-steroidal and steroidal aromatase inhibitors in breast cancer patients: the potential role of the adipokine leptin
Authors: Bahrami Nazli , Jabeen Shakila , Tahiri Andliena , Sauer Torill , Ødegård Hilde Presterud , Geisler Stephanie Beate , Gravdehaug Berit , Reitsma Laurens Cornelus , Selsås Knut , Kristensen Vessela , Geisler Jürgen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The aromatase inactivator exemestane may cause clinical disease stabilization following progression on non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors like letrozole in patients with metastatic breast cancer, indicating that additional therapeutic effects, not necessarily related to estrogen-suppression, may be involved in this well-known “lack of cross-resistance”.

Methods
Postmenopausal women with ER positive, HER-2 negative, locally advanced breast cancer were enrolled in the NEOLETEXE-trial and randomized to sequential treatment starting with either letrozole (2.5 mg o.d.) or exemestane (25 mg o.d.) followed by the alternative aromatase inhibitor. Serum levels of 54 cytokines, including 12 adipokines were assessed using Luminex xMAP technology (multiple ELISA).

Results
Serum levels of leptin were significantly decreased during treatment with exemestane (p < 0.001), regardless whether exemestane was given as first or second neoadjuvant therapy. In contrast, letrozole caused a non-significant increase in serum leptin levels in vivo.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest an additional and direct effect of exemestane on CYP-19 (aromatase) synthesis presumably due to effects on the CYP19 promoter use that is not present during therapy with the non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor letrozole. Our findings provide new insights into the influence of clinically important aromatase inhibitors on cytokine levels in vivo that contribute to the understanding of the clinically observed lack of cross-resistance between non-steroidal and steroidal aromatase inhibitors in breast cancer patients.

Trial registration
Registered on March 23rd 2015 in the National trial database of Norway (Registration number: REK-SØ-84-2015).
Deep semi-supervised learning of dynamics for anomaly detection in laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Larsen Sebastian , Hooper Paul A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHighly complex data streams from in-situ additive manufacturing (AM) monitoring systems are becoming increasingly prevalent, yet finding physically actionable patterns remains a key challenge. Recent AM literature utilising machine learning methods tend to make predictions about flaws or porosity without considering the dynamical nature of the process. This leads to increases in false detections as useful information about the signal is lost. This study takes a different approach and investigates learning a physical model of the laser powder bed fusion process dynamics. In addition, deep representation learning enables this to be achieved directly from high speed videos. This representation is combined with a predictive state space model which is learned in a semi-supervised manner, requiring only the optimal laser parameter to be characterised. The model, referred to as FlawNet, was exploited to measure offsets between predicted and observed states resulting in a highly robust metric, known as the dynamic signature. This feature also correlated strongly with a global material quality metric, namely porosity. The model achieved state-of-the-art results with a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under curve (AUC) of 0.999 when differentiating between optimal and unstable laser parameters. Furthermore, there was a demonstrated potential to detect changes in ultra-dense, 0.1% porosity, materials with an ROC AUC of 0.944, suggesting an ability to detect anomalous events prior to the onset of significant material degradation. The method has merit for the purposes of detecting out of process distributions, while maintaining data efficiency. Subsequently, the generality of the methodology would suggest the solution is applicable to different laser processing systems and can potentially be adapted to a number of different sensing modalities.
Impact of preoperative comorbidities on postoperative complication rate and outcome in surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Benker Martina , Citak Necati , Neuer Thomas , Opitz Isabelle , Inci Ilhan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to analyze whether comorbidities impact postoperative complication rate or survival after anatomical lung resection for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods
A retrospective analysis of 1219 patients who underwent NSCLC resection between 2000 and 2015 was performed. Analyzed comorbidities included chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD), hypertension, coronary artery disease (CAD), peripheral artery disease, myocardial infarction history, diabetes mellitus, renal insufficiency and other malignancies.

Results
Most patients (78.9%) had comorbidities, most commonly hypertension (34.1%) followed by COPD (26.4%) and other malignancies (19%). The overall complication rate was 38.6% (26.4% pulmonary; 14.8% cardiac; and 3.0% gastrointestinal). Hypertension (odds ratio (OR) = 1.492, p = 0.031) was associated with more cardiac complications. Heavy smoking (OR = 1.008, p = 0.003) and low body mass index (BMI) (OR = 0.932, p < 0.001) affected the pulmonary complication rate significantly. None of the included comorbidities affected the overall complication rate or the survival negatively. However, the patient characteristics of advanced age (p < 0.001), low BMI (p = 0.008), and low FEV1 (p = 0.008) affected the overall complication rate as well as survival (each p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Advanced age, low BMI, and low FEV1 were predictive of greater complication risk and shorter long-term survival in patients who underwent NSCLC resection. Cardiac complications were associated with hypertension and CAD, whereas pulmonary complications were associated with a high pack year count.
The relationship between self-esteem and self-compassion in socially anxious
Authors: Holas Pawel , Kowalczyk Melanie , Krejtz Izabela , Wisiecka Katarzyna , Jankowski Tomasz 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Fear of evaluation and a negative view of the self are the core aspects of social anxiety. Self-compassion and self-esteem are two distinct positive attitudes toward the self, which are positively related to each other, well-being and good psychological functioning. It is less clear, however, how they interplay in socially anxious individuals and if self-compassion may reduce the negative effect of low self-esteem on social anxiety. The current research aimed at evaluating the directional links between those constructs to check if self-compassion mediates the effect of self-esteem on social anxiety. In this study, 388 adult participants with elevated social anxiety completed measures of self-compassion, self-esteem and social anxiety. As expected, both self-esteem and self-compassion correlated negatively with social anxiety and positively with one another, with lower self-esteem being a stronger predictor of social anxiety. Importantly, self-compassion partially mediated the relationship between self-esteem and social anxiety. These findings suggest that self-compassion partially explains the negative effects of deficits in self-esteem on social anxiety. Practical implications of the research are discussed.