bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recombinant human thymosin beta‐4 (rhTβ4) improved scalp condition and microbiome homeostasis in seborrheic dermatitis
Authors: Yu Rui , Lin Qingbin , Zhai Yanfang , Mao Yunyun , Li Kai , Gao Yuemei , Liu Yanhong , Fu Ling , Fang Ting , Zhao Mengsu , Guan Lei , Hou Lihua , Xu Junjie , Chen Wei 
Published: July 2021

SummarySeborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a recurrent common inflammatory skin disease that affects all ethnic groups in all regions worldwide. However, no specific treatment or preventive measure is yet available. Identifying effective treatments with acceptable safety and tolerability is desirable. In this study, scalp microbiota alterations were measured in SD, showing significantly greater abundance of Malassezia and Staphylococcus and diminished fungal and bacterial diversity compared with healthy controls. We investigated the benefit of a 4‐week treatment with 0.5 mg ml‐1 recombinant human thymosin β4 (rhTβ4) gel or 2% ketoconazole lotion on the scalp condition of 71 patients with SD compared with 21 healthy individuals. Clinical assessment (Adherent Scalp Flaking Score, and the Maximum Erythema Area) and physiological conditions (transepidermal water loss, hydration, and sebum secretion) were evaluated. The rhTβ4 treatment provided significantly greater efficacy than ketoconazole and a sustained effect in the treatment of scalp SD. More importantly, rhTβ4 dramatically improved the microbiome homeostasis and prompted a shift of scalp microflora towards healthy composition, helping symptoms and ameliorating physiological conditions more effectively and durably than ketoconazole. Our research demonstrated the scalp microbe dysbiosis of SD and highlighted rhTβ4 as a promising therapeutic strategy in the prevention and treatment of SD.
Clinical wear and quality assessment of monolithic and lithium disilicate layered zirconia restorations
Authors: Çömlekoğlu ME , Tekeroğlu F , Dündar Çömlekoğlu M , Özcan M , Türkün LŞ , Paken G 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundWear and quality assessments of translucent monolithic zirconia and CAD‐on® restorations were performed.MethodsForty 3‐unit posterior fixed partial denture (FPD) in 18 patients (age:18–50 years) were made from translucent monolithic zirconia (tm) (Zenostar T) and zirconia‐frameworked, lithium disilicate layered (c) (CAD‐on), materials in a split‐mouth design. Restorations were digitally fabricated and their internal and marginal adaptations were measured before cementation followed by luting (Multilink Speed). Clinical evaluations were made by modified United States Public Health Service criteria at baseline, 6, 12, and 24‐months. Wear of the restorations and the antagonists were digitally evaluated after optical scanning of stone casts at 1st week and 24 m through a software (Cerec 4.4). Statistical analysis was made (analysis of variance, Shapiro‐Wilk, Friedman and Wilcoxon tests (SPSS 20)) at α = 0.05 significance level.ResultsAt 24 m, all restorations were clinically acceptable. Insignificant differences were found between tm and c restorations (P > 0.05). Mean internal and marginal adaptation of c restorations were significantly better (145 µm (premolar)‐174 µm (molar)) than tm (190 µm (premolar)‐207 µm (molar)) (P < 0.05). C restorations significantly caused more wear (0.3 ± 0.1 mm) than tm (0.1 ± 0.07 mm) on the antagonistic dentition (P < 0.05).ConclusionsTranslucent monolithic zirconia restorations caused less wear and antagonist wear than CAD‐on restorations. CAD‐on restorations exhibited higher internal and marginal adaptation.
Survival of immature Helicoverpa punctigera (Wallengren) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on some C4 and C3 plants
Authors: Bawa Samuel A , Gregg Peter C , Del Socorro Alice P , Miller Cara , Andrew Nigel R 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHelicoverpa punctigera (Wallengren) larvae have been recorded on native non‐crop hosts in the inland regions of Australia. However, there are few records of their survival on these non‐crop hosts, especially on plants with the C4 photosynthetic pathway. We investigated larval survival on four C4 plant species (Atriplex numularia Lindl. Atriplex vesicaria Heward ex Benth., Portulaca oleraceae L. and Tribulus terrestris L.) and two C3 plant species (Medicago polymorpha L. and Cullen cinereum (Lindl.)) under glasshouse conditions. Larvae fed on all C4 plants, although performance varied among these plants being higher (32.2 ± 6.9 and 31.7 ± 6.9% survival) on the Atriplex plant species and lowest (15.9 ± 7.9% survival) on P. oleraceae. Larval survival was similar between the two Atriplex species. A direct comparison of larval performance between the C4 plant A. nummularia and the known H. punctigera C3 host plants C. cinereum or M. polymorpha suggested that this C4 plant might be a suitable food source in the field, particularly in situations where it is growing nearby to C3 plants as is common in inland Australia.
Assessment of qualitative and quantitative parameters of healthy thyroid gland in adult horses by magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Viana Gustavo Fernandes , Midon Monica , Fonseca Mariana Werneck , Hataka Alessandre , Carandina Luciana , Bueno Laís Melício Cintra , Puoli Filho José Nicolau Próspero , Machado Vânia Maria de Vasconcelos 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn humans and pets, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides important adjunctive anatomic information about the thyroid and its adjacent structures. To the best of our knowledge, however, no studies have been reported regarding the use of MRI for thyroid evaluation in horses. The aim of this study was to obtain qualitative and quantitative parameters of healthy thyroid gland in adult horses by MRI. Eleven horses were submitted to thyroid MRI evaluation. The healthy thyroid of these animals was ensured by normal examinations performed before (free thyroxine and ultrasound) and after (cytology) to MRI. It was concluded that the dorsal spin‐echo T1‐weighted, fast spin‐echo T2‐weighted, sagittal STIR and a three‐dimensional T1‐weighted gradient echo were the sequences that best characterized the thyroid lobes. Qualitatively, there was a significant variation in the elliptical format of some lobes considering the sagittal plane, which oscillated between rounded and flattened conformation. Excellent reproducibility of the quantitative thyroid parameters obtained was verified. The thyroid gland total volume mean of observers was 14.31 cm3 (±0.69). In relation with comparisons between quantitative parameters of left and right lobes, only differences regarding their respective lengths were observed. Thus, we can infer that the difference in some thyroid lobes format can be explained by the significant variation identified between left and right lobes lengths.
The effects of cisplatin, an emetic agent, on behavior and plasma cortisol levels in goats
Authors: Aoyama Masato , Shioya Minami , Tsukamoto Yume , Hasegawa Hitomi , Sugita Shoei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRuminants are not considered to experience nausea because they do not possess the emetic reflex. This study examined the effects of administration of cisplatin (cis‐diamminedichloro platinum (II): CDDP), a common emetic agent, on the behavior of goats. In Experiment 1, adult Shiba goats received intravenous (IV) administration of CDDP. CDDP‐administered goats spent a shorter time feeding (P < 0.01), lied down earlier (P < 0.01), and spent a longer period lying down (P < 0.01) than the saline‐administered control goats, and sometimes, they directed their face downward and close their eyes. These behavioral responses were followed by a significant (P < 0.01) increase in plasma cortisol (Cor) levels, which indicated that goats experienced stress. The dose dependency was found in the extent of the CDDP effects. In Experiment 2, the effects of pretreatment of ondansetron (Ond), an antiemetic agent, were examined. Pretreatment of Ond extended the latency of lying (P < 0.01), shortened the time spent lying (P < 0.05), and reduced the extent of the increase in plasma Cor levels (P < 0.01). These results suggested that CDDP administration generated some state of stress in goats via the similar physiological mechanisms as emesis‐caused stress in emetic species.
Systematic review of research focused on pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV: A relational ethics perspective
Authors: Weber Alison Z. , Harrison Abigail , Pellowski Jennifer A. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTHistorically, maternal HIV research has focused on prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission and child outcomes, with little focus on the health outcomes of mothers. Over the course of the HIV epidemic, the approach to including pregnant women in research has shifted. The current landscape lends itself to reviewing the public health ethics of this research. This systematic review aims to identify ethical barriers and considerations for including pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV in treatment adherence and retention research. We completed a systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines with analysis using a relational ethics perspective. The included studies (n = 7) identified ethical barriers related to (a) women research participants as individuals, (b) partner and family dynamics, (c) community perspectives on research design and conduct, and (d) policy and regulatory implications. These broader contextual factors will yield research responsive to, and respectful of, the needs of pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV. While current regulatory and policy environments may be slow to change, actions can be taken now to foster enabling environments for research. We suggest that a relational approach to public health ethics can best support the needs of pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV; acknowledging this population as systematically disadvantaged and inseparable from their communities will best support the health of this population.
Stratigraphic response to fragmentation of the Miocene Andean foreland basin, NW Argentina
Authors: del Papa Cecilia , Payrola Patricio , Pingel Heiko , Hongn Fernando , Do Campo Margarita , Sobel Edward R. , Lapiana Ayelen , Cottle John , Glodny Johannes , Strecker Manfred R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractForeland basins are sensitive recorders of spatiotemporal variations in tectonic and climatic forcing associated with an approaching orogenic front. Thus, analysis of foreland deposits and their associated deformation patterns and provenance signals allows assessment of tectonic and sedimentary processes during orogeny, providing clues to past environmental conditions. The Calchaquí region in the southern part of the northwest Argentinian Eastern Cordillera (ca. 25–26°S lat) structurally evolved from a contiguous Paleogene foreland of the Andes into a broken foreland and finally an intermontane basin landscape. This history is recorded in the sedimentary sequences of the Mio‐Pliocene Angastaco and Palo Pintado Formations. We combine sedimentological methods, U‐Pb zircon and K‐Ar glass geochronology, clay mineralogy, and geochemical weathering indices with apatite fission track and (U‐Th‐Sm)/He thermochronology, structural data, and fault modelling to document the stratigraphic response to the fluvial and tectonic processes that followed the formation of the broken foreland. Our observations suggest that fluvial systems in the Calchaquí region repeatedly changed their location and geometry. These fluvial systems were associated with pro‐ and retrograding gravel wedges that most likely formed in response to the structural growth of the Aguas de Castilla and Altos de Viñaco ranges that bound the basin to the east. A compartmentalisation of the foreland with restricted fluvial networks must have occurred by ca. 9 Ma. Our results demonstrate that the reconstruction of stratigraphic architectures constitutes a powerful means to better understand intrabasin tectonics and surface uplift in foreland basins.
Impact of livestock guardian dogs on livestock predation in rural Mongolia
Authors: Lieb Zoë , Tumurbaatar Batbaatar , Elfström Bruce , Bull Joe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMuch like subsistence farmers the world over, Mongolian herders depend directly on their herds for food, materials, and income. Consequently, any loss of livestock through predation from wild carnivores (including wolves, foxes, snow leopards, and birds of prey) is a major challenge. With a lack of non‐lethal mitigation methods currently available to them, herders in Mongolia frequently manage conflict with predators with retaliatory hunting, negatively impacting populations of wild predators. Livestock guardian dogs (LGDs) are an increasingly popular non‐lethal means worldwide for discouraging livestock predation. However, empirical evaluations of the efficacy of using LGDs in contemporary landscapes are rare throughout Asia. Evaluating these human–wildlife conflict prevention strategies are especially important in areas used to produce globally traded commodities, such as cashmere in the case of Mongolia. We implemented longitudinal structured interview‐based surveys to evaluate the use and effectiveness of LGDs as a conflict mitigation strategy for semi‐nomadic herders in three locations across Mongolia. Sixteen herders in Nomgon, Ömnögovi, Undur‐Ulaan, Arkhangai, Khustain Nuruu National Park area, and Gorkhi Terelj National Park area were surveyed between 2015 and 2019, throughout the process of receiving and training LGDs. Our analysis suggested herders experienced a significant reduction in the annual losses of livestock to predation after receiving LGDs (Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, Z = −3.329, p = .001, n = 16), including when accounting for background predation rates. Consequently, we consider LGDs likely to be a viable method for livestock protection alongside the conservation of predators in Mongolia, and potentially elsewhere in Asia. We finish by exploring important considerations should this approach be used more intensively throughout the country and beyond.
Educational attainment polygenic score predicts inhibitory control and academic skills in early and middle childhood
Authors: Rea‐Sandin Gianna , Oro Veronica , Strouse Emma , Clifford Sierra , Wilson Melvin N. , Shaw Daniel S. , Lemery‐Chalfant Kathryn 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInhibitory control skills are important for academic outcomes across childhood, but it is unknown whether inhibitory control is implicated in the association between genetic variation and academic performance. This study examined the relationship between a GWAS‐based (EduYears) polygenic score indexing educational attainment (EA PGS) and inhibitory control in early (Mage = 3.80 years) and middle childhood (Mage = 9.18 years), and whether inhibitory control in early childhood mediated the relation between EA PGS and academic skills. The sample comprised 731 low‐income and racially/ethnically diverse children and their families from the longitudinal early steps multisite study. EA PGS predicted middle childhood inhibitory control (estimate = 0.09, SE = 0.05, p < 0.05) and academic skills (estimate = 0.18, SE = 0.05, p < 0.01) but did not predict early childhood inhibitory control (estimate = 0.08, SE = 0.05, p = 0.11); thus, mediation was not tested. Sensitivity analyses showed that effect sizes were similar across European and African American groups. This study suggests that inhibitory control could serve as a potential mechanism linking genetic differences to educational outcomes.
Will you confess to what I did? Close relationships and in‐group membership facilitate voluntary blame‐taking
Authors: Schell‐Leugers Jennifer Maria , Schneider Teresa , Gyenis Réka , Leuker Christina , Sauerland Melanie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo learn more about why people falsely confess without external pressure, we examined voluntary blame‐taking in three experiments. Drawing from theories of prosocial behavior and social identity, we investigated whether participants' blame‐taking is influenced by (a) their relationship with the guilty person (Experiment 1) and (b) the group membership of the person asking to take the blame (Experiments 2a and 2b). In Experiment 1, participants (N = 130) considered whether they would take the blame for a small traffic violation for their best friend and a stranger in a vignette‐scenario. As expected, intended blame‐taking rates were higher for their best friend (60.8%) than for a stranger (8.5%). Reported reasons for taking the blame included reciprocity and empathy. In Experiments 2a and 2b (Ns = 60; 89), we tested actual blame‐taking behavior in two field experiments, using a new experimental paradigm. An experimenter approached participants and asked them to commit insurance fraud for a broken camera. Participants who shared the same group as the person in need were more willing to take the blame (47%‐48%) than participants who were from a different group (21%‐23%). The most frequently listed reason for taking the blame was empathy. Implications for the occurrence of voluntary blame‐taking behavior to protect someone else are discussed.
Nature, Politics, and the Traumas of Europe
Authors: Livi‐Bacci Massimo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNature has been the major source of demographic shocks until the nineteenth century, after which Politics has gradually become the main factor of catastrophic traumas. During the first part of the past century, war, violence, forced migration, man‐made famines, and the epidemics unchained by them were responsible for tens of millions of deaths. They left deep scars in the survivors, distorted the age structure, altered the equilibrium between the sexes and between generations, and affected in multiple ways the continental European demographic system, including the geographical distribution of the population. A quantitative assessment of the victims of these Politics‐driven traumas is here attempted, as is a first exploration of the political conviction that drove them: that populations and their number, structure, and geographical location, could be manipulated by the state. The collapse of multinational multiethnic, multicultural, and multilingual empires, however illiberal, led to the identification of the state with the nation, and of the nation with an ethnic group, and bred an intolerant hyperethnicism, culminating in ferocious episodes of ethnic cleansing and genocide whose consequences resonate to this day in Europe and beyond.
SOME SECOND THOUGHTS ABOUT THE HUMANITIES
Authors: Drakeman Donald L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWillem Drees’ excellentWhat Are the Humanities For? triggered a series of second thoughts about the role of the humanities in modern society. These include several topics on which he and I agree but where we may be out of step with current trends, such as a dedication to “value‐free” scholarship and the continuing importance of the academic study of religion. It also provided an opportunity to question why religion has been excluded from policy debates involving the principal interface between science and religion in the twenty‐first century: the creation of new medicines and their delivery to the billions of religious people around the world. Finally, I question the assumption that studying the humanities necessarily promotes critical thinking and argue that achieving that goal is more important now than ever before.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Evelyn Angelia 
Published: July 2021

Applied Finance and Accounting [AFA] would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether AFA publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 7, Number 2Adina Criste, “Victor Slavescu” Centre for Financial and Monetary Research, Romanian Academy, RomaniaAnastasia Kopaneli, University of Patras, GreeceDapeng Zhu, Shanghai Lixin University of Accounting and Finance, ChinaFabio Rizzato, University of Turin, ItalyHaitham Nobanee, Abu Dhabi University, UAEHajar Jahangard, Central Bank of Iran(CBI), IranHassan Rkein, Al Maaref University , LebanonJayendra S. Gokhale, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, USAMawih Kareem Alani, Dhofar University, OmanVolodymyr Vysochansky, Uzhhorod National University, UkraineZi-Yi Guo, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., USA Angelia EvelynEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Applied Finance and AccountingRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://afa.redfame.com
A Robust Procedure to Implement Dynamic Stall Models Into Actuator Line Methods for the Simulation of Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines
Authors: Melani Pier Francesco , Balduzzi Francesco , Bianchini Alessandro 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The actuator line method (ALM), combining a lumped-parameter representation of the rotating blades with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) resolution of the turbine flow field, stands out among the modern simulation methods for wind turbines as probably the most interesting compromise between accuracy and computational cost. Being however a method relying on tabulated coefficients for modeling the blade-flow interaction, the correct implementation of the submodels to account for higher-order aerodynamic effects is pivotal. Inter alia, the introduction of a dynamic stall model is extremely challenging: first, it is important to extrapolate a correct value of the angle of attack (AoA) from the solved flow field; second, the AoA history needed to calculate the rate of dynamic variation of the angle itself is characterized by a low signal-to-noise ratio, leading to severe numerical oscillations of the solution. The study introduces a robust procedure to improve the quality of the AoA signal extracted from an ALM simulation. It combines a novel method for sampling the inflow velocity from the numerical flow field with a low-pass filtering of the corresponding AoA signal based on cubic spline smoothing (CSS). Such procedure has been implemented in the actuator line module developed by the authors for the commercial ansysfluent solver. To verify the reliability of the methodology, two-dimensional (2D) unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) simulations of a test two-blade Darrieus H-rotor, for which high-fidelity experimental and numerical blade loading data were available, have been performed for a selected unstable operation point.