bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial perspective on the giant carbonate ridge Alpha Crucis (Southwestern Atlantic upper slope)
Authors: Bendia Amanda Gonçalves , Signori Camila Negrão , Nakamura Fernanda Mancini , Butarelli Ana Carolina de Araújo , Passos Júlia Gasparini , Ramos Raissa Basti , Soares Luiza Ferreira , de Mahiques Michel Michaelovitch , Sumida Paulo Yukio Gomes , Pellizari Vivian Helena 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Deep-sea carbonate mounds can harbor a wide variety of heterotrophic and chemosynthetic microbial communities, providing biodiversity hotspots among the deep-sea benthic ecosystems. This study examined the bacterial and archaeal diversity and community structure in the water column and sediments associated to a recently described giant carbonate mound named Alpha Crucis Carbonate Ridge (ACCR), Southwestern Atlantic. Due to the acoustic evidence of gas chimneys from a previous study, we further evaluated the chemosynthetic primary production through in situ-simulated dark carbon fixation rates. Pelagic microbial communities varied significantly with depth, showing a high abundance of photosynthetic groups in surface waters and taxa related to nitrification in intermediate and deep waters. The benthic communities from the top of the ACCR were very similar along with the sediment depth, while those from the base of ACCR showed a clear stratification pattern, with members in the deep strata mainly related to anoxic and chemosynthetic ecosystems. Dark carbon fixation rates were of the same order of magnitude as those of deep-sea cold seeps and hydrothermal vents. Our study provides the first description of the ACCR microbiome and adds new information to help formulate and implement future conservation and management strategies for vulnerable marine ecosystems.
Detection and Quantification of Coarse Woody Debris in Natural Forest Stands Using Airborne LiDAR
Authors: Jarron Lukas R , Coops Nicholas C , MacKenzie William H , Dykstra Pamela 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCoarse woody debris (CWD) is a meaningful contributor to forest carbon cycles, wildlife habitat, and biodiversity and can influence wildfire behavior. Using airborne laser scanning (ALS), we map CWD across a range of natural forest stand types in north-central British Columbia, Canada, providing forest managers with spatially detailed information on the presence and volume of ground-level woody biomass. We describe a novel methodology that isolates CWD returns from large diameter logs (&gt;30cm) using a refined grounding algorithm, a mixture of height and pulse-based filters and linear pattern recognition, to transform ALS returns into measurable, vectorized shapes. We then assess the accuracy of CWD detection at the individual log level and predict CWD volume at the plot level. We detected 64% of CWD logs and 79% of CWD volume within our plots. Increased elevation of CWD significantly aided detection (P = 0.04), whereas advanced stages of decay hindered detection (P = 0.04). ALS-predicted CWD volume totals were compared against field-measured CWD and displayed a strong correlation (R = 0.81), allowing us to expand the methodology to map CWD over a larger region. The expanded CWD volume map compared ALS volume predictions between stands and suggests greater volume in stands with older and more heterogeneous stand structure.
Factors affecting alcohol drinking behaviour among secondary school students in Vientiane Province, Lao People's Democratic Republic: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kounnavong Thidatheb , Vonglokham Manithong , Moji Kazuhiko , Okumura Junko 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
This study investigated alcohol consumption prevalence among adolescents in school settings in Lao People's Democratic Republic and identified factors associated with alcohol consumption to establish better school-based interventions.

Methods
Self-administered questionnaires containing items assessing alcohol drinking behaviour and underlying factors were administered to 393 secondary school students ages 10–19 y. Multivariate logistic regression was used to predict factors associated with drinking behaviour.

Results
Fifty-eight percent of respondents reported ever drinking alcohol. Among the drinkers, 52.6% were light drinkers, 16.8% were moderate drinkers, 27.0% were heavy drinkers and 3.5% were very heavy drinkers. Older age group (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 5.2 [95% confidence interval {CI} 2.6 to 10.1]); peer pressure, particularly when more than two-thirds of friends drank alcohol (AOR 8.0 [95% CI 2.2 to 29.5]); and siblings’ drinking behaviour (AOR 2.8 [95% CI 1.4 to 5.5]) were positively associated with alcohol use, while no permission to drink at home (AOR 0.2 [95% CI 0.1 to 0.6]), uncertain of permission to drink at home (AOR 0.06 [95% CI 0.02 to 0.1]) and never attempting to buy alcohol (AOR 0.2 [95% CI 0.1 to 0.4]) were negatively associated with respondents’ alcohol use.

Conclusions
By the age of 19 y, most participating students had started drinking alcohol. One-third of them were permitted to drink by family members and drinking was strongly accelerated by peer pressure. Educational programmes are needed for adolescents attending school and their families that employ peer learning to raise awareness of the ill effects of alcohol use.
Merit, Karma, and Exchange: Chinese Buddhist Mountain Tourism Company Listings on the Stock Market
Authors: Cheung Kin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Since Mount Emei, one of the four famous Chinese Buddhist mountains, became associated with a publicly traded stock as a tourism company in 1997, other Chinese Buddhist sites in mainland China have announced plans for their own Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) in China’s stock exchanges. This has elicited sharp criticism by Chinese officials and citizens denouncing these actions as greedy and against the spirit of Buddhism. However, Chinese Buddhist institutions have always extensively engaged in commercial economic activities. Attributing IPO plans’ agency to Buddhists is not straightforward due to the conflict between state actors, who control local tourist development, with others in how to present a public Buddhist image. There are differences in class perceptions of these IPOs. Examining mountain gazetteers, news articles, and public finance records, I argue Buddhist economies of merit, karma, and exchange offer alternative lenses for understanding the epitome of contemporary capitalism: engaging the stock market.
Antibiotic resistance in uropathogens across northern Australia 2007–20 and impact on treatment guidelines
Authors: Cuningham Will , Perera Shalinie , Coulter Sonali , Nimmo Graeme R , Yarwood Trent , Tong Steven Y C , Wozniak Teresa M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Urinary tract infections are common and are increasingly resistant to antibiotic therapy. Northern Australia is a sparsely populated region with limited access to healthcare, a relatively high burden of disease, a substantial regional and remote population, and high rates of antibiotic resistance in skin pathogens.

Objectives
To explore trends in antibiotic resistance for common uropathogens Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in northern Australia, and how these relate to current treatment guidelines in the community and hospital settings.

Methods
We used data from an antibiotic resistance surveillance system. We calculated the monthly and yearly percentage of isolates that were resistant in each antibiotic class, by bacterium. We analysed resistance proportions geographically and temporally, stratifying by healthcare setting. Using simple linear regression, we investigated longitudinal trends in monthly resistance proportions and correlation between community and hospital isolates.

Results
Our analysis included 177 223 urinary isolates from four pathology providers between 2007 and 2020. Resistance to most studied antibiotics remained &lt;20% (for E. coli and K. pneumoniae, respectively, in 2019: amoxicillin/clavulanate 16%, 5%; cefazolin 17%, 8%; nitrofurantoin 1%, 31%; trimethoprim 36%, 17%; gentamicin 7%, 2%; extended-spectrum cephalosporins 8%, 5%), but many are increasing by 1%–3% (absolute) per year. Patterns of resistance were similar between isolates from community and hospital patients.

Conclusions
Antibiotic resistance in uropathogens is increasing in northern Australia, but treatment guidelines generally remain appropriate for empirical therapy of patients with suspected infection (except trimethoprim in some settings). Our findings demonstrate the importance of local surveillance data (HOTspots) to inform clinical decision making and guidelines.
Myocardial Function in Premenopausal Women Treated With Ovarian Function Suppression and an Aromatase Inhibitor
Authors: Jordan Jennifer H , D’Agostino Ralph B , Ansley Katherine , Douglas Emily , Melin Susan , Sorscher Steven , Vasu Sujethra , Park Sung , Kotak Anuj , Romitti Paul A , O’Connell Nathanial S , Hundley William G , Thomas Alexandra 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Premenopausal women with high-risk hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer often receive ovarian function suppression (OFS) with aromatase inhibitor therapy; however, abrupt menopause induction, together with further decrements in estrogen exposure through aromatase inhibition, may affect cardiovascular microcirculatory function. We examined adenosine-induced changes in left ventricular (LV) myocardial T1, a potential subclinical marker of LV microcirculatory function in premenopausal women undergoing treatment for breast cancer.

Methods
Twenty-one premenopausal women (14 with HR-positive breast cancer receiving OFS with an aromatase inhibitor and 7 comparator women with triple-negative breast cancer [TNBC] who had completed primary systemic therapy) underwent serial resting and adenosine cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging measurements of LV myocardial T1 and LV volumes, mass, and ejection fraction. All statistical tests were 2-sided.

Results
After a median of 4.0 months (range = 3.1-5.7 months), the stress to resting ratio of LV myocardial T1 declined in women with HR-positive breast cancer (−1.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −3.4% to 0.7%) relative to those with TNBC (3.2%, 95% CI = −1.2% to 7.6%, P = .02). After accounting for age, LV stroke volume, LV ejection fraction, diastolic blood pressure, and breast cancer subtype women with HR-positive breast cancer experienced a blunted T1 response after adenosine relative to women with TNBC (difference = −4.7%, 95% CI = −7.3% to −2.1%, Pdifference = .002).

Conclusions
Over the brief interval examined, women with HR-positive breast cancer receiving OFS with an aromatase inhibitor experienced reductions in adenosine-associated changes in LV myocardial T1 relative to women who received nonhormonal therapy for TNBC. These findings suggest a possible adverse impact on LV myocardial microcirculatory function in premenopausal women with breast cancer receiving hormone deprivation therapy.
Planetary migration in precessing discs for S-type wide binaries
Authors: Roisin Arnaud , Teyssandier Jean , Libert Anne-Sophie 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
The discovery of numerous circumprimary planets in the last few years has brought to the fore the question of planet formation in binary systems. The significant dynamical influence, during the protoplanetary disc phase, of a binary companion on a giant planet has previously been highlighted for wide binary stars. In particular, highly inclined binary companion can induce perturbations on the disc and the planets through the Lidov–Kozai resonance, which could inhibit the formation process. In this work, we aim to study how the disc gravitational potential acting on the planet and the nodal precession induced by the wide binary companion with separation of 1000 au on the disc act to suppress the Lidov–Kozai perturbations on a migrating giant planet. We derive new approximate formulas for the evolution of the disc’s inclination and longitude of the ascending node in case of a rigidly precessing disc with a decreasing mass and perturbed by a wide binary companion, which are suitable for N-body simulations. We carry out 3200 simulations with several eccentricity and inclination values for the binary companion. The gravitational and damping forces exerted by the disc on the planet tend to keep the latter in the mid-plane of the former, and suppress the effect of the binary companion by preventing the planet from getting locked in the Lidov–Kozai resonance during the disc phase. We also confirm that because of nodal precession induced by the binary, a primordial spin–orbit misalignment could be generated for circumprimary planets with an inclined binary companion.
Three-dimensional core-collapse supernovae with complex magnetic structures – I. Explosion dynamics
Authors: Bugli M , Guilet J , Obergaulinger M 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Magnetic fields can play a major role in the dynamics of outstanding explosions associated to violent events such as gamma-ray bursts and hypernovae, since they provide a natural mechanism to harness the rotational energy of the central proto-neutron star and power relativistic jets through the stellar progenitor. As the structure of such fields is quite uncertain, most numerical models of MHD-driven core-collapse supernovae consider an aligned dipole as initial magnetic field, while the field’s morphology can actually be much more complex. We present three-dimensional simulations of core-collapse supernovae with more realistic magnetic structures, such as quadrupolar fields and, for the first time, an equatorial dipolar field. Configurations other than an aligned dipole produce weaker explosions and less collimated outflows, but can at the same time be more efficient in extracting the rotational energy from the PNS. This energy is then stored in the surroundings of the PNS, rather than powering the polar jets. A significant axial dipolar component is also produced by models starting with a quadrupolar field, pointing to an effective dynamo mechanism operating in proximity of the PNS surface.
Heavy axion-like particles and MeV decay photons from nearby type Ia supernovae
Authors: Mori Kanji 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Axion-like particles (ALPs) are hypothetical bosons which may couple with photons. Since many ALPs can be emitted from hot and dense astrophysical plasma, nearby supernovae (SNe) are a possible probe into their properties, including the ALP mass ma and the coupling constant gaγ between ALPs and photons. I calculate the ALP emission from a type Ia SN (SN Ia) model with near-Chandrasekhar mass, finding that ALP luminosities from SNe Ia reach ∼1043(gaγ/10−10 GeV−1)2 erg s−1 if ma ≲ 1 MeV. Heavy ALPs emitted from SNe are unstable and decay into photons. I predict the time delay and the flux of decay photons that reach Earth from a nearby SN Ia, finding that the decay photons may provide a constraint on gaγ which is as stringent as the SN 1987A limit if an SN Ia is located 1 kpc away or closer and next-generation MeV γ-ray satellites observe it ∼1–10 yr after the explosion.
Dancing during labor in the midst of COVID-19 outbreak: as an alternative non-pharmacological treatment after digital interventions
Authors: Situmorang Dominikus David Biondi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
As a result of this writing, I encourage future academics to conduct further study on what sorts of music and movements are acceptable for women during birth, as this is a highly intriguing issue, especially in the midst of the COVID-19 outbreak. Music and dance can also be used as an alternative to non-pharmacological treatments, so that enough pregnant women can be assisted and their tension and anxiety during delivery can be decreased.
VOLUMETRIC THREE-DIMENSIONAL OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY OF RETINAL NEOVASCULARIZATION IN PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
Authors: Nakao Shintaro , Kaizu Yoshihiro , Horie Juun , Wada Iori , Arima Mitsuru , Fukuda Yosuke , Ishikawa Keijiro , Sonoda Koh-Hei 
Published: July 2021

Purpose:
To evaluate structural and angiographic neovascularization in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy using volumetric three-dimensional optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods:
This prospective, observational cross-sectional study included 29 eyes of 27 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The angiogenic structure, feeding vessel (epicenter), flow volume, and flow volume density of the neovasculatures were evaluated using three-dimensional OCTA imaging. The flow area and the flow area density were also measured using en face OCTA imaging.

Results:
Sites of neovascularization were imaged successfully in 17 of the 29 eyes (58.6%). Three proposed types of neovascularization were identified on the basis of structural features seen on the three-dimensional OCTA images. Neovascularization of the adhesion type (9 of 17, 52.9%) adhered to the retinal vasculature. Those of the traction type (5 of 17, 29.4%) were partially separated from the retinal vascular plexus. Those of the mushroom type (3 of 17, 17.6%) were connected to the retinal vasculature by several epicenters. There was a significant difference between highly leaky (active) and faintly leaky (inactive) neovascularization for flow volume density, but not for flow area, flow volume, or flow area density (P = 0.01, 0.9, 0.6, and 0.1, respectively).

Conclusion:
Volumetric three-dimensional OCTA revealed three types of neovascularization in proliferative diabetic retinopathy and may be useful for assessing neovascular activity and planning vitrectomies.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Neonates With Blood Stream Infection Due to Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Ntuli Nandi , Wadula Jeannette , Nakwa Firdose , Thomas Reenu , Van Kwawegen Alison , Sepeng Letlhogonolo , Seake Karabo , Kgwadi Dikeledi , Sono Lino , Ondongo-Ezhet Claude , Velaphi Sithembiso 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Infection due to Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is rare in neonates; thus, its clinical presentation and outcomes are not commonly reported, especially in low- and middle-income countries. In 2017, South Africa had an outbreak due to LM.

Objective:
To determine demographic characteristics, clinical and laboratory findings and outcomes of all neonates infected with LM during the outbreak period.

Methods:
This is a retrospective analytic study. Clinical and laboratory records of neonates admitted at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital from January 2017 to May 2018 with positive blood and cerebrospinal fluid culture with LM were reviewed for demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, ancillary laboratory test results and outcomes at hospital discharge.

Results:
There were 42 neonates with positive cultures due to LM. Thirty-four (81%) were born preterm. Mode of delivery was vaginal in 78.6% and 31.0% were HIV exposed. All patients presented within the first 6 days of life as an early-onset disease. Common clinical presentation was respiratory depression (52.4%) and respiratory distress (38.1%) with 69% requiring invasive or noninvasive respiratory support. Common abnormal laboratory findings were high C-reactive protein (77.1%) followed by leukopenia (23.8%). Fourteen patients (40%) had features of meningitis based on blood and cerebrospinal fluid findings (4 culture proven). There were 11 deaths at hospital discharge, giving a mortality rate of 26.2%.

Conclusions:
The majority of neonates infected with LM were born preterm, raising the possibility that LM itself may have been responsible for preterm labor. All presented in the first 6 days of life and most presented with respiratory distress or depression. A high proportion had meningitis, and there was a high-mortality overall.
Nonmedical barriers to early steps in kidney transplantation among underrepresented groups in the United States
Authors: Harding Jessica L. , Perez Aubriana , Patzer Rachel E. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of review
Despite numerous targeted interventions and policy reforms, underrepresented minorities and patients with low socioeconomic status (SES) continue to have unequal access to kidney transplant. In this review, we summarize the most recent evidence on barriers to early kidney transplant steps (i.e. referral and evaluation) among underrepresented racial and ethnic minorities and low SES groups in the United States.

Recent findings
This review highlights the interconnectedness of several patient-level (e.g. medical mistrust, transplant knowledge, access to care), provider-level (e.g. dialysis profit status, patient--provider communication; staff accessibility), and system-level (e.g. center-specific criteria, healthcare logistics, neighborhood poverty, healthcare logistics) factors associated with lower rates of referral and evaluation among underrepresented minorities and low SES groups, and the influence of systemic racism operating at all levels.

Summary
Collection of national surveillance data on early transplant steps, as well as routinely captured data on upstream social determinants of health, including the measurement of racism rather than race, is necessary to enhance our understanding of barriers to referral and evaluation. A multipronged approach (e.g. targeted and systemwide interventions, and policy change) implemented at multiple levels of the healthcare system will be necessary to reduce disparities in early transplant steps.
Hope and Worry
Authors: Ning Li , Li Yimin , Zhong Changyang , Wang Li , Yuan Changrong , Chen Yujing , Xia Yun 
Published: July 2021

Background
With the rapid development of precision medicine, targeted therapy has brought new hope for patients with advanced lung cancer. However, because of the high specificity of targeted therapy, individual differences in treatment have occurred, and drug resistance has led to treatment failure, or unpredictable serious side effects have resulted in reducing or stopping treatment. Such outcomes reduce hope.

Objective
The aim of this study was to understand the phenomena of existential worry and hope in patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who are receiving targeted therapies.

Methods
The interpretative phenomenological analysis method was used in this study. Semistructured interviews were conducted with patients with advanced NSCLC who had received targeted drug therapy at a public cancer hospital in China.

Results
Four themes emerged from the descriptions of 16 patients regarding their psychological experiences of undergoing targeted therapy: wishes and concerns, hopes and fears, expectations and worry, and desires and anxiety.

Conclusions
Non–small-cell lung cancer patients experience positive emotions, such as hope and expectation, as well as negative emotions, such as worry and anxiety, while receiving targeted drug therapy. These different emotions can be experienced concurrently.

Implications for Practice
Our findings illuminate NSCLC patients' psychological perceptions while undergoing targeted drug therapy. Supportive care resources and interventions are required to enhance patients' positive feelings and reduce their worry during targeted therapy. Patients also require better preparation and information to enable them to improve their quality of life and remain safe after undergoing treatment.