bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dangers of a double‐bottom line? A poverty targeting experiment misses both targets
Authors: Karlan Dean , Osman Adam , Zinman Jonathan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTwo for‐profit Philippine banks, aiming to increasing microlending to the poor, incorporated a widely used poverty measurement tool into their loan applications and tested the tool using randomized training content. Treated loan officers were provided an explanation of the tool's purpose; exhortation tying the tool to the organizations' social missions; and reassurance that these data, conditional on other characteristics, do not predict default and thus should not jeopardize incentive pay based on portfolio performance. The control group training merely labeled the tool “additional household information.” The strategy backfired, leading to no additional poor applicants and potentially lower‐performing loans. Descriptive evidence suggests the training exacerbated loan officer misperceptions about compensation incentives and multitasking problems. This cautionary tale is an example of why management may want include social outcomes directly into employee performance evaluations, or silo corporate social responsibility efforts from core operations.
Synaptotagmin‐11 inhibits spontaneous neurotransmission through vti1a
Authors: Li Wan‐Ru , Wang Ya‐Long , Li Chao , Gao Pei , Zhang Fei‐Fan , Hu Meiqin , Li Jing‐Chen , Zhang Shuli , Li Rena , Zhang Claire Xi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecent work has revealed that spontaneous release plays critical roles in the central nervous system, but how it is regulated remains elusive. Here, we report that synaptotagmin‐11 (Syt11), a Ca2+‐independent Syt isoform associated with schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease, suppressed spontaneous release. Syt11‐knockout hippocampal neurons showed an increased frequency of miniature excitatory post‐synaptic currents while over‐expression of Syt11 inversely decreased the frequency. Neither knockout nor over‐expression of Syt11 affected the average amplitude, suggesting the pre‐synaptic regulation of spontaneous neurotransmission by Syt11. Glutathione S‐transferase pull‐down, co‐immunoprecipitation, and affinity‐purification experiments demonstrated a direct interaction of Syt11 with vps10p‐tail‐interactor‐1a (vti1a), a non‐canonical SNARE protein that maintains spontaneous release. Importantly, knockdown of vti1a reversed the phenotype of Syt11 knockout, identifying vti1a as the main target of Syt11 inhibition. Domain analysis revealed that the C2A domain of Syt11 bound vti1a with high affinity. Consistently, expression of the C2A domain alone rescued the phenotype of elevated spontaneous release in Syt11‐knockout neurons similar to the full‐length protein. Altogether, our results suggest that Syt11 inhibits vti1a‐containing vesicles during spontaneous release.
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Perception of smell of a perfume applied to the women skin in course of menstrual cycle
Authors: Chróst Natalia , Mościcka Patrycja , Pliszka Klaudia , Piskorz Wiktoria Monika , Terlikowski Robert , Jamiołkowski Jacek , Przylipiak Andrzej 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionPerfumes are the cosmetics applied to the skin. Body odor has been shown to be attractive in the fertile days in non‐user of contraception. However, contraception pill intake destroy cyclic attractiveness of odors.AimThe aim was to test attractiveness and intensiveness of perfume applied to the female skin in course of menstrual cycle.Material and methodsDiluted vanilla extract was applied on forearm of 18 women (9 women users of contraception and 9 non‐users of contraception). Thirty minutes occlusion samples were collected and judged for its attractiveness and intensity by 25 men. Samples were collected at 1st, 8th, 14th, and 22nd day of cyclus.ResultsAttractiveness of smell of perfume in women, which use contraceptive was statistically significantly higher than in non‐user. Furthermore, attractiveness of smell at 15th day of menstrual cycle was second best when perfume was applied in women, which use contraceptive.ConclusionsPerfume on the skin of women, which apply contraceptive, smell better than on non‐contraceptive‐user skin. Moreover, women body odor together with perfume is highly attractive in contraceptive‐user in the middle of the cyclus.
Association of a novel Granulocyte‐Macrophage Colony‐Stimulating Factor (GM‐CSF)‐3928C/T and GM‐CSF(3606T⁄C) Promoter gene polymorphisms with the pathogenesis and severity of acne vulgaris: A case‐controlled study
Authors: Abdelaal Essam Bakr , Abdelsamie Heba Mahmoud , Attia Shady Mahmoud , Amr Khalda Sayed , Eldahshan Ramadan M. , Elsaie Mohamed L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundGranulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) is believed to play an important role in the development of acne vulgaris.Aim of the WorkTo investigate the presence of GM‐CSF 3928C/T and GM‐CSF 3606 T/C promoter gene polymorphisms in Egyptian acne patients.MethodsTo examine whether GM‐CSF single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with susceptibility to acne vulgaris (AV), we investigated the genotype and allele frequencies of the SNP 3928C/T and 3606T⁄C of the GM‐CSF gene in 100 Egyptian acne patients (29 with mild acne, 38 with moderate acne, and 33 with severe acne) and 100 controls, using a PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method.ResultsThere was a highly significant difference in genotype and allele frequencies of the 3928C/T group between patients with acne vulgaris and controls for the SNP site. Regarding the 3606 T/C subgroup only a marginal significant difference was found between cases and controls in TC pattern (p = 0.039); with the TC genotype appearing more in cases (53% of patients) than controls (35% of healthy controls).ConclusionWe report a novel GM‐CSF 3928C/T promoter gene polymorphism contributing to the pathogenesis of acne in Egyptian population.
Subjective sleep quality and temporomandibular disorders: Systematic literature review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Roithmann Camila Caspary , Silva Carlos Augusto Gomes da , Pattussi Marcos Pascoal , Grossi Márcio Lima 
Published: October 2021

AbstractStudy objectivesTo assess the general subjective sleep quality in individuals with and without TMD, and its distribution among the TMD diagnostic groups.MethodsA systematic review search was performed in Pubmed/MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, Web of Science, SciELO, CINAHL and Cochrane Central as well as in the grey literature. Observational studies published since 1992 which used either the DC/TMD or RDC/TMD for TMD diagnosis and either the PSQI, SAQ or ESS questionnaires for sleep assessment were included. Articles selected for meta‐analysis underwent quality, heterogeneity and publication bias evaluation.ResultsA total of 1071 articles were found by online search, and 10 articles were added manually. For full‐text reading, 138 papers were selected. Thirty‐six articles were included in the final review, and 19 in the meta‐analysis (PSQI only). Subjective sleep quality was shown to be associated with all RDC/TMD or DC/TMD Axis I diagnostic groups: muscle disorders, arthralgia/osteoarthritis/osteoarthrosis and disk displacements; with the highest association in the first two groups, and the lowest in the last one. A 4.45 times increased odds ratio of TMD prevalence was found for individuals who presented poor subjective sleep quality.ConclusionSubjective sleep quality should be considered in the management of TMD.
Evaluation of headaches in primary brain calcification in Japan
Authors: Kurita Hisaka , Ozawa Kazuhiro , Yamada Megumi , Inden Masatoshi , Hirata Koichi , Hozumi Isao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrimary brain calcification (PBC) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by bilateral calcification in the brain. No nationwide survey on headache has been performed in Japan.AimA questionnaire survey was performed to clarify the situation of headache in PBC patients.MethodsThe first questionnaire survey was conducted on 173 patients diagnosed as having PBC in Japan. Subsequently, the second survey was performed using two types of questionnaire: Headache Impact Test (HIT‐6) and Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS).ResultsIn the first survey, 27 of 82 patients had headaches. Only one patient was able to be classified in accordance with the criteria as having migraine without aura. In the second survey, 10 of 17 patients showed a significant score of 50 and higher in HIT‐6, and five of 17 patients showed a significant score of 6 and higher in MIDAS. No significant correlation was found between total calcification score and HIT‐6 score or MIDAS score in the second survey. All patients carrying the PDGFB variant and two of three patients carrying the SLC20A2 variant showed some effects of headache on their daily life as judged from their MIDAS scores or HIT‐6 score.ConclusionsThe headaches in PBC patients could not be classified as the primary headache. Those headaches in PBC patients may be of the secondary headache caused by the dysfunction of the blood‐brain barrier. This first report on headaches of Japanese patients with PBC will contribute to the understanding of PBC patients' difficulties in their daily lives.
Tibial Cortex Transverse Distraction Followed by Open Correction with Internal Fixation for Management of Foot and Ankle Deformity with Ulcers
Authors: Li Ya‐xing , Liu Xi , Chen Yu , Gan Ting‐jiang , Qin Bo‐quan , Ren Yi , Zhang Hui 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo assess the feasibility and results of tibial cortex transverse distraction (TCTD) followed by open correction with internal fixation (OCIF) for foot and ankle deformity with concurrent ulcers.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted. Between 2010 and 2019, a two‐stage management of TCTD followed by OCIF was performed in 13 patients (13 feet). There were five males and eight females with a mean age of 33.8 ± 14.6 years. Ten patients had a right‐side lesion, and three patients had a left‐side lesion. The etiology of deformity included seven cases of congenital neurological disease, one case of Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease, one case of trauma sequelae, and three cases of myelomeningocele. Duration of disease, size of ulcers, surgical procedures, healing time, external fixation time, and complications of these patients were recorded. The Texas wound classification and National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP) classification were used for assessing the ulcers. The modified Dimeglio score of deformity and American Orthopeadic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle‐hindfoot score were applied to evaluate the status before treatment and the results at final follow‐up.ResultsThe TCTD and wound debridement were performed in all patients, and an additional Ilizarov correction technique was added in two patients. All ulcers were healed in 3 months after first‐stage treatment. The median patient self‐report time of ulcer healing was 2.0 weeks (IQR, 1.8–3.3). The median external fixation time was 138.0 days (IQR, 134.5–141.5) days. After second‐stage operative correction, the patients were followed‐up for an average of 28.0 ± 2.9 months. At the final follow‐up, the modified Dimeglio score of deformity was decreased from 6.7 ± 2.1 to 1 (IQR, 0.0–1.0), and the mean AOFAS score was improved from 42.9 ± 19.1 to 82.6 ± 7.7. Before the treatment, there were eight patients with severe deformity, four patients with moderate deformity, and one patient with mild deformity. Postoperatively, seven patients were classified as mild deformity and six patients had a postural foot. The results of AOFAS ankle‐hindfoot score were defined as excellent in three patients, as good in five, and as fair in five. Complications include one case of mild displacement of the osteotomized cortex and one case of pin‐tract infection. No delayed union, nonunion, relapse of ulcers, or deformity were observed.ConclusionsThe two‐stage management of TCTD followed by OCIF could be considered as an alternative treatment for foot and ankle deformities combined with chronic ulcers.
Desirable or deceitful? How social exchange dynamics shape responses to pro‐coworker unethical behavior
Authors: Welsh David T. , Baer Michael D. , Kim Ji Koung , Thiel Chase , Smith Isaac H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThere is substantial evidence that employees build relationships with coworkers who provide them with assistance and distance themselves from coworkers who behave unethically. We consider how employees respond when coworkers provide them with benefits that violate ethical standards—a phenomenon we refer to as pro‐coworker unethical behavior (PCUB). Building on social exchange theory, we explore how recipients of PCUB may simultaneously experience both a sense of increased indebtedness toward their coworker, given the beneficial nature of PCUB, and reduced perceptions of their coworker's integrity, given the unethical nature of PCUB. We theorize that these diverging reactions will have countervailing indirect effects on the social exchange relationship between the recipient and PCUB provider. In turn, these effects on the social exchange relationship will influence whether the recipient responds favorably toward the provider, in the form of interpersonal citizenship. Our theoretical model incorporates the PCUB provider's prosocial versus self‐interested motives as a critical contingency that shapes recipients’ perceptions of indebtedness and integrity. The results of a multi‐wave field study of employee–coworker dyads and an experimental study provide converging support for our hypothesized model.
Social Perception of Systemic Risks
Authors: Schweizer Pia‐Johanna , Goble Robert , Renn Ortwin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe article distinguishes between two types of risks: conventional and systemic risks. Conventional risks can be contained in space and time, follow linear cause–effect relationships and can be addressed with effective and pointed interventions into the cause–effect chain. Systemic risks, however, are characterized by high complexity, transboundary effects, stochastic relationships, nonlinear cause–effect patterns with tipping points, and are often associated with less public attention than they require. The article addresses the reasons why systemic risks seem to be attenuated in public perception. The article goes on to consider how the social amplification of risk framework is useful in the context of systemic risks and describes needed extensions of that framework. It identifies practical tools for assessing the significance of perceptions for systemic risk situations. Finally, it argues that a graphic representation and simulation of evolving systemic risks and potential countermeasures as well as a participatory deliberative approach of inclusive risk governance are suitable governance strategies for preventing, mitigating, or managing systemic risks.
Coordination Numbers of Bivalent Ions in Organic Solvents
Authors: Orekhov M. A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Molecular dynamic models are created for properties of bivalent ions in organic solvents. It is shown that molecules of the considered solvents bound to ions via oxygen atoms. A theoretical model is developed that describes the ion coordination number. The coordination number in this model is determined by the ratio between the sizes of the ion and the atom organic molecule bound to it. It is shown that the coordination number depends weakly on the solvent and strongly on the type of ion. A value of 0.13 nm is obtained for the effective size of an oxygen atom bound to a bivalent ion. The constructed theoretical model agrees with the results from molecular dynamic calculations and the available experimental data.
Convergence Classes of
L
-Filters in

L
,
M

-Fuzzy Topological Spaces
Authors: Yang Ting , Li Sheng-Gang , Zhu William , Yang Xiao-Fei , Khalil Ahmed Mostafa 
Published: October 2021

An

L
,
M

-fuzzy topological convergence structure on a set

X

is a mapping which defines a degree in

M

for any

L

-filter (of crisp degree) on

X

to be convergent to a molecule in

L

X

. By means of

L
,
M

-fuzzy topological neighborhood operators, we show that the category of

L
,
M

-fuzzy topological convergence spaces is isomorphic to the category of

L
,
M

-fuzzy topological spaces. Moreover, two characterizations of

L

-topological spaces are presented and the relationship with other convergence spaces is concretely constructed.
Evaluation of risk factors associated with fragility fractures and recommendations to optimise bone health in children with long-term neurological condition
Authors: Leow Xue Yi Jessica , Tan Jonathan Tian Ci , Yeo Tong Hong , Wong Kenneth Pak Leung , Mahadev Arjandas , Ang Bixia , Vasanwala Rashida Farhad , Ng Zhi Min 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
The growing years are paramount for bone growth and mineral accrual. Children with long-term neurological condition (LTNC) have multiple risk factors for poor bone health and fragility fractures. In Singapore, this has not been studied systematically. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the risk factors associated with fragility fractures in children with LTNC.

Methods:
In this study, the search for fragility fractures was done by a retrospective review of patients with LTNC on follow-up in the paediatric neurology clinic and patients who presented with fracture to the paediatric orthopaedic clinic. Information on patients’ demographics, medical history, intervention, biochemical bone markers and fracture history was collected.

Results:
In a tertiary clinic population of 136 patients with LTNC, 65% were dependent on mobility (Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] V), 60% were underweight and 60% were fed via gastrostomy or nasogastric tube, or were on oral pureed diet. Furthermore, 60% were on anticonvulsants. The fracture rate was 3% in this population and was associated with low-impact activities such as transfer and dressing. Only 7.4% and 33% of the patients had undergone measurements of vitamin D and calcium levels, respectively.

Conclusion:
The local prevalence of fragility fractures in children with LTNC on follow-up at the neurology clinic was found to be 3%. Risk factors identified were limited ambulation and compromised nutritional status associated with feeding difficulty. Recommendations to optimise bone health in children with LTNC were made. These include promoting weight-bearing activities, looking out for underweight children, avoiding vitamin D deficiency and ensuring adequate calcium intake.
Association of face mask use with self-reported cardiovascular symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chew Nicholas Wen Sheng , Wong Raymond Ching Chiew , Djohan Andie Hartanto , Ngiam Jinghao Nicholas , Chai Ping , Yeo Tiong-Cheng , Tan Huay-Cheem , Sia Ching-Hui 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:
Countries are mandating the use of face masks to stem the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Face mask use has been associated with discomfort due to its effects on thermoregulation, breathing and oxygenation. We evaluated the prevalence and severity of self-reported cardiovascular symptoms before and during face mask use.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study of 1,001 participants residing in Singapore, who participated in a self-administered questionnaire between 25 April 2020 and 4 May 2020. Symptom severity before and during mask use, and health-seeking behaviour information were collected. The study outcome was self-reported worsening of cardiovascular symptoms and its association with the type of mask worn, duration of mask worn per day, and intensity of physical activities during mask use.

Results:
The most common symptom reported during mask use was dyspnoea. Independent predictors for self-reported cardiovascular symptoms during mask use were moderate–high physical activity during mask use (odds ratio [OR] 1.634, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.176–2.270, P = 0.003), duration of mask use for ≥3 h (OR 1.672, 95% CI 1.189–2.352, P = 0.003) and type of mask used, after adjusting for age, sex, healthcare-based worker status and presence of comorbidities. N95 mask was associated with worse symptoms when compared to surgical mask. Participants with ≥3 worsening symptoms or worsening dyspnoea, palpitations, fatigue and dizziness were more likely to seek medical help.

Conclusion:
Face mask use has been proven to be an effective way in curbing COVID-19 transmission. However, participants in this study had concerns regarding its use and these concerns should be urgently addressed to enable mask use policies to be enacted.
Metagenomic investigation of potential abortigenic pathogens in foetal tissues from Australian horses
Authors: Akter Rumana , El-Hage Charles M. , Sansom Fiona M. , Carrick Joan , Devlin Joanne M. , Legione Alistair R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundAbortion in horses leads to economic and welfare losses to the equine industry. Most cases of equine abortions are sporadic, and the cause is often unknown. This study aimed to detect potential abortigenic pathogens in equine abortion cases in Australia using metagenomic deep sequencing methods.ResultsAfter sequencing and analysis, a total of 68 and 86 phyla were detected in the material originating from 49 equine abortion samples and 8 samples from normal deliveries, respectively. Most phyla were present in both groups, with the exception ofChlamydiaethat were only present in abortion samples. Around 2886 genera were present in the abortion samples and samples from normal deliveries at a cut off value of 0.001% of relative abundance. Significant differences in species diversity between aborted and normal tissues was observed. Several potential abortigenic pathogens were identified at a high level of relative abundance in a number of the abortion cases, includingEscherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Klebsiella oxytoca, Streptococcus equisubspecies zooepidemicus, Pantoea agglomerans, Acinetobacter lwoffii,Acinetobacter calcoaceticusandChlamydia psittaci.ConclusionsThis work revealed the presence of several potentially abortigenic pathogens in aborted specimens. No novel potential abortigenic agents were detected. The ability to screen samples for multiple pathogens that may not have been specifically targeted broadens the frontiers of diagnostic potential. The future use of metagenomic approaches for diagnostic purposes is likely to be facilitated by further improvements in deep sequencing technologies.