bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
6-month regimen of isoniazid prevention therapy for tuberculosis among people living with human immunodeficiency virus in minority areas of China: a 3-year prospective cohort study
Authors: Li Jing , He Jinge , Li Ting , Li Yunkui , Gao Wenfeng , Zhong Yin , Yang Ni , Chen Chuang , Xia Lan , Yang Wen 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionAs China is scaling up tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT) for people living with HIV (PLHIV) in its national programmes, the objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and performance of 6-month regimen of isoniazid monotherapy (6H) in terms of preventive therapy acceptance, adherence, effectiveness and outcomes in minority areas with a high burden of tuberculosis (TB) and HIV/AIDS.MethodA prospective observational cohort study was initiated among 461 PLHIV in Butuo County after ruling out active TB (ATB) and followed up for up to 3 years to collect incidence events in real-world settings. TB incidence and protective rates were calculated. The risk factors related to acceptance and adherence were identified using a logistic regression model.ResultsOf the 688 PLHIV screened for TB, 115 (16.72 %) had ATB. Among the 461 participants eligible for 6H, 392 (85.03%) initiated 6H, and 277 (70.67%) completed the therapy. In total, 15 were identified as having ATB during follow-up. The incidence of ATB in the complete group was 0.62/100 person years (95% CI 0.20 to 1.45) as compared with the incomplete group 2.96/100 person years (95% CI 1.36 to 5.63) (p=0.005), and the protective rate of 6H was 79.05%. The protection rate between the complete and incomplete and refusal groups was 69.31%. In total, 142 (36.22%) patients experienced adverse drug reactions during isoniazid preventive therapy. The logistic regression model revealed several factors associated with 6H acceptance: first CD4+T lymphocyte count was between 200 and 350 cells/mm3(adjusted OR (aOR)=0.30, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.92) or>500 cells/mm3(aOR=0.25, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.77). Factors associated with 6H adherence: 36–45 years old (aOR=2.76, 95% CI 1.49 to 5.10), middle school education (aOR=0.26, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.79) and history of prior TB (aOR=0.09, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.20).Conclusion6H can reduce the incidence of ATB in minority areas with high burdens of TB and HIV/AIDS. Periodic counselling of patients on adherence and retraining of the TPT staff are essential. Health monitoring and education for specific populations improve TPT acceptance and adherence.
Changes in child restraint practices in Shenzhen, China three years after the enactment of local legislation: two population-based cross-sectional surveys
Authors: Cai Weicong , Peng Ke , Jin Ye , Lei Lin , Tian Maoyi , Peden Margaret , Ivers Rebecca Q , Peng Ji , Brown Julie 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundThe enactment of child restraint systems (CRSs) legislation is highly effective in increasing CRS practices. However, evidence from low- and middle-income countries is still lacking. This study aimed to assess the changes in CRS practices in Shenzhen, China following the implementation of CRS legislation.MethodsData from two cross-sectional surveys conducted in community health service centres and kindergartens 1 year before and 3 years after the enactment of mandatory CRS legislation in 2015 were used to assess the changes in CRS practices in Shenzhen, China. Temporal changes in CRS practices were investigated, and logistic regression models were performed to examine the differences in CRS practices 3 years after the legislation compared with the period before the legislation.ResultsThe proportion of CRS possession and use increased from 27.8% (1047/3768, 95% CI: 26.4% to 29.3%) to 72.6% (4900/6748, 95% CI: 71.5% to 73.7%) and from 22.9% (864/3768, 95% CI: 21.6% to 24.3%) to 56.3% (3800/6748, 95% CI: 55.1% to 57.5%), respectively, with a decrease of appropriate CRS use from 75.9% (656/864, 95% CI: 72.9% to 78.7%) to 69.7% (2649/3800, 95% CI: 68.2% to 71.2%) after the implementation of CRS legislation.ConclusionsThe findings indicate a significant improvement in CRS possession and use in Shenzhen, 3 years after the enactment of mandatory CRS legislation. Further efforts to update the local legislation to provide specific guidelines for appropriate CRS use and implement targeted multifaceted interventions are needed to increase optimal CRS practices for better child passenger safety in Shenzhen.
Circular light orbits of a general, static, and spherical symmetrical wormhole with $$Z_2$$ symmetry
Authors: Tsukamoto Naoki 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Recently, the ring images or the shadow images of the centers of the galaxy M87 and the Milky way have been reported by Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration. It is believed that the ring images imply that the central objects form unstable light circular orbits. Some of wormholes with

$$Z_2$$

Z
2

symmetry against a throat are wrongly excluded from the candidates at the centers of M87 and the Milky way due to the overlooking the unstable light circular orbits on the throat. A general asymptotically-flat, static, and spherical symmetrical wormhole without a thin shell has at least one unstable circular light orbit at the throat or elsewhere. If the wormhole has

$$Z_2$$

Z
2

symmetry against the throat, it has the unstable circular light orbits on the throat or it has stable circular light orbits on the throat and unstable ones near the throat. We need to analyze the throat carefully to make sure we do not unfairly rule out the

$$Z_2$$

Z
2

-symmetrical wormholes. In this study, we categorize the numbers of the circular light orbits of the

$$Z_2$$

Z
2

-symmetrical wormhole and their stability from the derivatives of an effective potential at the throat and we investigate the circular light orbits around a Simpson–Visser black-bounce spacetime, a Damour–Solodukhin wormhole spacetime, a Reissner–Nordström black-hole-like wormhole spacetime or a charged Damour–Solodukhin wormhole spacetime as examples. We give complete treatments including degenerated circular light orbits made from more than one stable and unstable circular light orbits on and off the throat.
THE BIOMECHANICAL STABILITY OF A NOVEL BIOABSORBABLE MAGNESIUM ALLOY (ZX00:Mg-Zn–Ca) BONE ANCHOR FOR ROTATOR CUFF REPAIRS: A HUMAN EX VIVO STUDY
Authors: Kinsky Rudolf Maximilian , Schleifenbaum Stefan , Honea Maxim , Siegert Paul , Hammer Niels , Fischerauer Stefan Franz , Weinberg Annelie , Wurnig Christian 
Published: December 2024

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to ascertain the primary ex vivo biomechanical stability of a novel bioabsorbable magnesium alloy (ZX00: Mg–Zn–Ca) bone anchor in human cadaveric proximal humeri, indicated in the reconstruction of the rotator cuff. Methods: Twenty human Thiel-embalmed cadaveric humeri were prepared and freed from soft tissue. One [Formula: see text]5.7 × 20.5-mm ZX00 anchor and one [Formula: see text]5.5 mm × 16.3 mm Arthrex Titanium FT Corkscrew (ATC) control anchor were inserted into the footprint of the supraspinatus tendon, 15 mm apart. The humeri were mounted onto a material testing machine and following a 40 N preload, cyclic loading was performed over 400 cycles. If the construct remained intact, ultimate load to failure (ULTF) was measured using an increasing axial load of 1 mm/s, ULTF and mode of failure were recorded. Results: No difference was found in the ability to withstand cyclic loading, mode or load-to-failure strengths between ZX00 and control anchors. The maximum tractional force loaded for the ZX00 anchors had a median of 257.4 N (range 165.3–328.2). The corresponding value for the ATC anchors averaged 239.9 N (range 118.9–306.7). Conclusion: ZX00 alloy anchors appear to provide adequate initial biomechanical stability when compared to an industry-standard control in a cadaveric rotator cuff repair model.
Velocity of Sound in Evaluated Medium
Authors: Singh Nimmi , Mittal Harshit , Bhagat Kunsh , Singh Inderpreet , Arun P. 
Published: December 2024

We report the results of our experimental measurements of the velocity of sound in response to changes in temperature and air pressure. We used a circuit made with an ultrasonic sensor and a basic microcontroller to make these measurements. The apparatus was kept in a temperature- and air pressure-controlled chamber. Our experimental results showed that as air pressure drops, so does sound velocity. It was discovered that the experimental findings closely matched the theoretical formulations given in the literature. To express sound velocity in ideal and real gases in terms of experimentally controllable variables, we modified the equation found in the literature. We have experimentally shown that air behaves differently between an ideal gas and a real gas below a critical air pressure. It has also been noted that this critical threshold depends on the surrounding temperature. Our experimental findings validate a theoretical formulation that has been largely neglected for over 20 years.
A Novel, Nonaquatic Zoonotic Transmission of Mycobacterium marinum
Authors: Kravvas Georgios , Aboukhatwah Nada , Meghoma Lola , Vilenchik Victoria , Oxley Jon , Keith Daniel 
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Mycobacterium marinum was first described in humans in 1954, known to infect fish species and contaminate water and fish products. Inoculation to humans occurs through injured skin resulting in the formation of a solitary nodule known as “fish tank granuloma.” Disseminated infections have been reported in the immunocompromised and can present with extracutaneous manifestations such as arthritis and osteomyelitis. Nonaquatic transmission has not been previously reported.Case Presentation: A 63‐year‐old lady with rheumatoid arthritis and bronchiectasis was referred to dermatology with widespread soft dermal plaques, pustules, erosions, and necrotic wounds. Multiple bacterial and viral swabs were negative. A biopsy was performed that showed a neutrophilic dermatosis suggestive of Sweet’s Syndrome. The patient initially improved with prednisolone, but subsequently deteriorated with a worsening rash, joint pains, and neutropenic sepsis. Repeat biopsies eventually revealed abundant acid‐fast bacilli, later confirmed to be Mycobacterium marinum. Our patient had no history of exposure to aquatic organisms but had previously cared for an inland bearded dragon with an unknown illness. Although infection with M. marinum has been reported in reptiles, cases of nonaquatic zoonotic transmission have not been described in the literature.Conclusion: Mycobacterium marinum infection should be considered in patients with indicative clinical and histological features, especially in the immunocompromised, even in the absence of an obvious aquatic source of infection. Awareness of this entity could lead to earlier diagnoses and reduced morbidity and mortality.
Arrhythmia Induced by Positional Change Under General Anesthesia Related to Caudal Movement of the Peripherally Inserted Central Venous Catheter: A Case Report
Authors: Utsumi Isao , Hascilowicz Tomasz , Mio Yasushi , Omi Sachiko 
Published: December 2024

Background: The novel case report of a temporary arrhythmia that developed after a positional change in a patient under general anesthesia emphasizes the possibility of potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmias that may develop owing to caudal movement of the peripherally inserted central venous catheter ([CVC] PICC) tip when changing patient positions.Case Presentation: We present a case of temporary arrhythmia that developed after a positional change in a 44‐year‐old female patient scheduled for laparoscopic adrenalectomy under general anesthesia. She had undergone preoperative insertion of a PICC using an electrocardiogram (ECG)‐guided tip confirmation system (TCS).Conclusion: The case report discusses the optimal TCS and emphasizes vigilant ECG monitoring, suggesting measures to prevent these arrhythmias under general anesthesia.
Predictive Model of Tibial Nerve Depth for Needle‐Based Interventions With Broader Applications: An Observational Study in a Spanish Cohort
Authors: Mínguez-Esteban Isabel , Romero-Morales Carlos , Villafañe Jorge Hugo , Valera-Calero Juan Antonio , Plaza-Manzano Gustavo , González-de-la-Flor Ángel 
Published: December 2024

Objective: To develop a predictive model for estimating the depth of the tibial nerve using anthropometric and demographic data to improve the safety and accuracy of needle‐based interventions.Design: Cross‐sectional observational study.Setting: European University of Madrid, Spain.Methods: Fifty volunteers aged 18–45 years, without any conditions affecting muscle tone, significant lower limb asymmetries, or history of lower limb surgeries. Demographic and anthropometric data, including sex, age, height, weight, BMI, and measurements of leg length and circumference at specific points, were collected. Ultrasound imaging was used to measure the depth of the tibial nerve at the popliteal fossa and mid‐third of the leg.Results: The predictive model identified leg girth at the mid‐third as a significant predictor of tibial nerve depth, explaining 22.3% of the variance (R2 = 0.223, p < 0.05). Gender and leg girth together explained up to 17.8% of the variance for proximal tibial nerve depth (R2 = 0.178, p < 0.05). Additionally, males exhibited greater leg length (mean = 95.9 cm) compared to females (mean = 90.8 cm, p = 0.01), with no significant difference in tibial nerve depth between genders (p > 0.05). Strong correlations were observed between tibial nerve depth and BMI at both the proximal and mid‐third levels (r = 0.4–0.5, p < 0.001).Conclusion: This predictive model shows that leg girth and gender are significant predictors of tibial nerve depth in a healthy cohort. However, its clinical utility remains preliminary and requires external validation in larger, diverse, and pathology‐specific populations to confirm broader applicability in clinical settings.
Position and Dimensions of the Mandibular Condyle in Various Anterior–Posterior Skeletal Patterns: A CBCT Imaging Study in a Sample of Iranian People
Authors: Vasegh Zahra , Safi Yaser , Dalaei Kazem , Hosseinzadeh Mehdi , Tayari Nasim 
Published: December 2024

Purpose: The aim of this comparative observational study is to evaluate and compare the size and position of the condyle among male and female patients with different skeletal patterns in the anterior‐posterior dimension using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.Materials and Methods: CBCT images of 120 patients, all prepared for other treatment purposes under the same conditions, were included in the study. The patients were classified into three groups—class I, class II, and class III—based on ANB angles and Wits analysis. The size of the condyle was measured in terms of width, height, and length. The position of the condyle was assessed by measuring the superior joint space (SS), anterior joint space (AS), and posterior joint space (PS) on the right and left sides separately. The measurements and results were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and Bonferroni analysis. A statistical significance level of p  < 0.05 was considered.Results: The study found no statistically significant differences in the size of the SS and AS (p = 0.481 and p = 0.392, respectively) across different skeletal patterns. However, the size of the PS was significantly greater in class I subjects compared to class III subjects (p = 0.015). There were no statistically significant differences in condyle height and width among the different skeletal patterns (p = 0.367 and p = 0.720, respectively). In contrast, condyle length was statistically significant in class II individuals (p = 0.002) and was the lowest among the other skeletal pattern groups.Conclusions: Based on the results obtained, class I individuals have lower PS values compared to class III individuals. Additionally, class II individuals have shorter condyle lengths compared to those in class III and class I.
Venous Endothelial Cell Transcriptomic Profiling Implicates METAP1 in Preeclampsia
Authors: Pabon Maria A. , Weisbrod Robert M. , Castro Claire , Li Haobo , Xia Peng , Kang Jiayi , Ardissino Maddalena , Economy Katherine E. , Yang Zihui , Shi Yanxi , Kim Eunice , Perillo Anna , Barrett Leanne , Brown Jenifer M. , Divakaran Sanjay , Cetinbas Murat , Sadreyev Ruslan I. , de Marvao Antonio , Wood Malissa J. , Scott Nandita S. , Lau Emily S. , Ho Jennifer E. , Di Carli Marcelo F. , Roh Jason D. , Hamburg Naomi M. , Honigberg Michael C. 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy characterized by systemic endothelial dysfunction. The pathophysiology of preeclampsia remains incompletely understood. This study used human venous endothelial cell (EC) transcriptional profiling to investigate potential novel mechanisms underlying EC dysfunction in preeclampsia.

METHODS:
Venous ECs were isolated from postpartum patients with severe preeclampsia and those with normotensive pregnancy using a J wire–based technique in the antecubital vein followed by CD144 (vascular endothelial cadherin) magnetic bead isolation. Venous EC transcriptomes were compared between preeclamptic and normotensive individuals. Differentially expressed genes were carried forward for genetic validation using expression quantitative trait loci from the Genotype-Tissue Expression project as exposures for vascular-specific Mendelian randomization. Functional validation of the top candidate was performed in human umbilical vein ECs using gain- and loss-of-function genetic approaches.

RESULTS:

Seventeen individuals with preeclampsia and 7 normotensive controls were included. Pairwise analysis yielded 14 protein-coding genes nominally differentially expressed in participants with preeclampsia. Mendelian randomization revealed a significant association between higher genetically predicted
METAP1
(methionyl aminopeptidase 1) expression in aortic and tibial arterial tissues and greater risk of preeclampsia.
METAP1
overexpression in human umbilical vein ECs decreased angiogenesis, with a 66% decrease in tube formation (
P
=7.9×10
−3
) and 72% decrease in cell proliferation (
P
=2.9×10
−2
). Furthermore,
METAP1
overexpression decreased
VEGFA
expression and increased expression of multiple preeclampsia-related genes, for example,
FLT1
,
INHBA
, and
IL1B
. Conversely,
METAP1
knockdown produced opposite effects on tube formation, cell proliferation, and inflammation-related gene expression.

CONCLUSIONS:

In a cohort of early postpartum individuals, we observed greater
METAP1
expression in venous ECs of women with preeclampsia versus normotensive delivery. Mendelian randomization supported a causal relationship between greater vascular
METAP1
expression and higher preeclampsia risk, and functional experiments demonstrated antiangiogenic and proinflammatory effects of METAP1 in human ECs consistent with alterations observed in preeclampsia. Ex vivo EC transcriptomics can identify novel mechanisms underlying preeclampsia pathophysiology, with implications for prevention and treatment.
Long-Term Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients With a Transient Ischemic Attack: A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Safi Habibullah , Kristensen Søren Lund , Sørensen Rikke , Kruuse Christina , Johnsen Søren Paaske , Gislason Gunnar , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Køber Lars , Fosbøl Emil L. , Vinding Naja Emborg 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
Sparse information regarding the long-term risk of acute myocardial infarction (MI) following a transient ischemic attack (TIA) emphasizes further research to guide preventive strategies and risk stratification in patients with a TIA.

METHODS:
We conducted a nationwide cohort study to investigate the 5-year risk of MI and all-cause mortality in patients with a first-time TIA. Patients with a first-time TIA were identified in the Danish Stroke Registry (2013–2020), matched on age, sex, and calendar year (1:4) with the general population and (1:1) with patients with first-time ischemic stroke. The 5-year risks of MI and all-cause mortality were estimated by the Aalen-Johansen and Kaplan-Meier estimators. The groups were compared using Cox regression, while adjusting for cardiovascular comorbidities.

RESULTS:

We identified 21 743 patients with TIA, 86 972 matched individuals from the general population, and 21 743 matched control patients with ischemic stroke. Median age was 70 (25th to 75th percentile, 60–78) years; 52% were male. Comorbidity burden was the lowest in general population controls, intermediate in patients with TIA, and the highest in patients with ischemic stroke. The 5-year risk of MI was 2.0% in patients with TIA, 1.5% in the general population (
P
<0.001), and 2.2% in the ischemic stroke population (
P
<0.001). After adjustment, these differences in MI rate were similar (TIA versus general population; hazard ratio, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.98–1.02] and TIA versus ischemic stroke; hazard ratio, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.96–1.01]). The 5-year risk of mortality was 17.0% in patients with TIA compared with 14.0% in the general population (
P
<0.001) and 27.0% in ischemic stroke population (
P
<0.001). The differences in mortality persisted following adjustments for patients with TIA versus general population (hazard ratio, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.19–1.31]) and for patients with TIA versus ischemic stroke (hazard ratio, 0.43 [95% CI, 0.41–0.46]).

CONCLUSIONS:
Patients with first-time TIA had a low 5-year incidence of MI, which was not significantly different from that of the general population and patients with first-time ischemic stroke after adjustments for comorbidities. However, patients with TIA had a 25% higher all-cause mortality rate than the general population, which was not readily explained by MI risk. Hence, the findings do not endorse the need to raise further awareness regarding MI in patients with TIA.
Classical pressure profile prediction using a hybrid form of artificial neural network algorithm applied to building drainage systems
Authors: Mahapatra Ishanee , Gormley Michael 
Published: December 2024

Classical pressure profile data for building drainage systems (BDS) represent a temporal snapshot of the pressure regime within the system following an event such as a water discharge from an appliance, and therefore can be an indicator of system performance. This research describes, for the first time, a method of predicting the pressure profile using FF(Feed Forward -PSO(Particle Swarm Optimization) artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm. The ANN model was validated against two sets of data: the first from a dedicated 32-storey building drainage experimental test rig at the National Lift Tower (NLT) test facility in Northampton, UK, and the second set of data from a validated numerical model, AIRNET. Both data sets were used to assess the FF- PSO-ANN Model. Calculation errors were minimized by refining weight vectors with a PSO scheme. The convergence of the PSO algorithm was managed through adjusted inertia weights, population size, damping factor, and acceleration coefficients. A generic prediction model was developed using a database of similar building drainage types and configurations. This algorithm refines and trains the ANN model, enhancing its applicability across various applications. The study confirms that the FF-PSO ANN model effectively predicts BDS pressure profile data and system performance. Practical application The ANN model presented develops a new approach with which to assess performance of a BDS at design stage. The model is based on the philosophy of a natural search algorithm which helps to attain global optimisation by refining the weight vectors. It is envisaged that this model can form a part of the assessment of designs at an early stage and provide useful information on the performance of the system. The in-built learning of the model allows accuracy to be improved as the database of existing pressure profiles increases, thus making the tool more relevant with time.