bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyurethane–urea coatings derived from UV-cured polyurethane–urea acrylate transition coatings for enhanced resistance to chemical warfare agent simulants
Authors: Chen Xucong , Xiao Linjing , Wang Guiyou , Li Hong 
Published: January 2025

Ultraviolet (UV) cured polyurethane–urea acrylate (PUUA) with hindered urea were prepared to function as a transitional coating. Upon heat treatment, the PUUA network shifts to PUU defensive network with improved resistance.
Best of both worlds: Fusing hyperspectral data from two generations of spectro-imagers for X-ray astrophysics
Authors: Lascar J. , Bobin J. , Acero F. 
Published: January 2025

Context. With the recent launch of the X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM) and the advent of microcalorimeter detectors, X-ray astrophysics is entering in a new era of spatially resolved high-resolution spectroscopy. But while this new generation of X-ray telescopes offers much finer spectral resolution than the previous one (e.g. XMM-Newton, Chandra), these instruments also have coarser spatial resolutions, leading to problematic cross-pixel contamination. This issue is currently a critical limitation for the study of extended sources, such as galaxy clusters or supernova remnants (SNRs).
Aims. To increase the scientific output of XRISM’s hyperspectral data, we propose that it be fused with XMM-Newton data, and seek to obtain a cube with the best spatial and spectral resolution of both generations. This is the aim of hyperspectral fusion. In this article, we explore the potential and limitations of hyperspectral fusion for X-ray astrophysics.
Methods. We implemented an algorithm that jointly deconvolves the spatial response of XRISM and the spectral response of XMM- Newton. To do so, we construct a forward model adapted for instrumental systematic degradations and Poisson noise, and then tackle hyperspectral fusion as a regularized inverse problem. We test three methods of regularization: spectral low-rank approximation with a spatial Sobolev regularization; spectral low-rank approximation with a 2D wavelet sparsity constraint; and a 2D–1D wavelet sparsity constraint.
Results. We test our method on toy models constructed from hydrodynamic simulations of SNRs. We find that our method reconstructs the ground truth well even when the toy model is complex. For the regularization term, we find that while the low-rank approximation works well as a spectral denoiser in models with less spectral variability, it introduces a bias in models with more spectral variability, in which case the 2D-1D wavelet sparsity regularization works best. Following the present proof of concept, we aim to apply this method to real X-ray astrophysical data in the near future.
Reassessment reveals underestimation of infiltration depth in surgical resection specimens with lymph-node positive T1b esophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chan Man Wai , Nieuwenhuis Esther A. , Meijer Sybren L , Jansen Marnix , Vieth Michael , van Berge Henegouwen Mark I. , Pouw R. E. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEndoscopic resection (ER) has proven effective and safe for T1 esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). However, uncertainty remains concerning risk-benefit return of esophagectomy for submucosal lesions (T1b). Surgical series in past decades have reported significant risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in T1b EAC, but these rates may be overestimated due to limitations in histological assessment of surgical specimens. We aimed to test this hypothesis by reassessing histological risk features in surgical specimens from T1b EAC cases with documented LNM.A retrospective cross-sectional study (1994–2005) was conducted. Patients who underwent direct esophagectomy without prior neoadjuvant therapy for suspected T1b EAC with LNM were included. Additional tissue sections were prepared from archival tumor blocks. A consensus diagnosis on tumor depth, differentiation grade, and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) was established by a panel of experienced pathologists.Specific depth of submucosal invasion (sm1 to sm3) was not specified in 10 of 11 archival case sign-out reports. LVI status was not reported in seven of 11 cases. Following reassessment, one patient was found to have deep tumor invasion into the muscularis propria (T2). The remaining 10 of 11 patients exhibited deep submucosal invasion (sm2–3), with five showing one or more additional risk features (poor differentiation and/or LVI).Our findings highlight the potential for underestimating tumor depth of invasion and other high-risk features in surgical specimens. Despite the limited cohort size, our study confirmed a consistent high-risk histological profile across all cases. Caution is warranted when extrapolating LNM risk data from historic heterogeneous cross-sectional surgical cohorts to the modern ER era.
On Carrollian and Galilean contractions of BMS algebra in 3 and 4 dimensions
Authors: Borowiec Andrzej , Kowalski-Glikman Jerzy , Trześniewski Tomasz 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we find a class of Carrollian and Galilean contractions of (extended) Bondi–van der Burg–Metzner–Sachs (BMS) algebra in 3+1 and 2+1 dimensions. To this end, we investigate possible embeddings of 3D/4D Poincaré into the BMS

3

and BMS

4

algebras, respectively. The contraction limits in the 2+1-dimensional case are then enforced by appropriate contractions of its Poincaré subalgebras. In 3+1 dimensions, we have to apply instead the analogy between the structures of Poincaré and BMS algebra. In the case of non-vanishing cosmological constant in 2+1 dimensions, we consider the contractions of Λ-BMS

3

algebra in an analogous manner. As a by-product, we have also analyzed reality conditions on the Witt algebra and obtained new results.
Analysis of streamer discharge characteristics and voltage waveform influencing factors in large-size sphere-plate gap
Authors: Geng Jianghai , Zhang Hang , Ma Wenchuang , Wang Ping , Liu Yunpeng , Luo Bing , Liu Lei , Xiao Wei , Zhong Zheng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
To better understand the streamer discharge characteristics within the shielding sphere-plate gap in high-altitude converter halls, this study investigates the effects of altitude and surface burrs on discharge parameters during streamer discharge. Tests are conducted at altitudes of 2200 m and 3400 m, utilizing a 1.6 m diameter shielding sphere with a 5 m plate gap under positive polarity impulse conditions. The results reveal that the presence of burrs results in earlier initiation of streamer discharge and smaller increases in optical power during discharge. Moreover, higher altitudes result in earlier initiation of the streamer and a steeper rate of increase in field intensity. Furthermore, the analysis of voltage waveform slope reduction jitter during streamer discharge focuses on the effects of wire corona on voltage wave propagation, the influence of stray capacitance, and the charge injection during streamer. Wire corona reduces voltage wave propagation speed, with relatively minor changes in waveform compared to test data. Comparing different stray capacitance values and corresponding voltage fluctuations reveals increased fluctuation with larger stray capacitance values. Additionally, simulating charge injection during streamer discharge on voltage waveforms through an equivalent circuit yields results consistent with experimental observations. This study provides a data basis for analyzing the factors influencing voltage fluctuations during the streamer period.
Investigation of magnetic and transport properties of GdSbSe
Authors: Gautam Aarti , Kant Mishra Prabuddha , Banerjee Souvik , Sundaresan A , Kumar Ganguli Ashok 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We report the detailed investigation of the magnetic, transport, and magnetocaloric effects (MCEs) of GdSbSe by magnetic susceptibility

χ
(
T
)

, isothermal magnetization M(H), resistivity

ρ
(
T
,
H
)

, and heat capacity

C
p

(
T
)

measurements, crystallizing in the ZrSiS-type tetragonal crystal system with space group P4/nmm. Temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements revealed long-range antiferromagnetic ordering with two additional magnetic anomalies below Néel temperature (

T

N

≈
8.6

K), corroborated through magnetocaloric and specific heat studies. Isothermal magnetization measurements unveil hidden metamagnetic signatures through a clear deviation from linearity. In addition, the enhanced value of the Sommerfeld coefficient (γ = 152(5) mJ mol−1 K2) suggests strong electronic correlations in GdSbSe. The entropy of magnetization derived from magnetic isotherms unfolds the field-induced transition from Inverse MCE to Conventional MCE. The detailed transport properties indicate a semimetallic behavior, strongly coupled with magnetic order. Furthermore, the linear field dependence of MR in the high-field region anticipate the possibility of Dirac-like dispersion. Deviations from Kohler’s rule and non-linear Hall resistivity suggest the multiband nature of GdSbSe.
IPEM topical report: guidance on 3D printing in radiotherapy
Authors: McGarry Conor K , Tonino Baldion Anna , Burnley James , Byrne Nicholas , Doolan Paul James , Jenkins Rhys , Jones Emma , Jones Matthew R , Marshall Hannah L , Milliken Fiona , Sands Gordon , Woolliams Peter , Wright Tristan , Clark Catharine H 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
There has been an increase in the availability and utilization of commercially available 3D printers in radiotherapy, with applications in phantoms, brachytherapy applicators, bolus, compensators, and immobilization devices. Additive manufacturing in the form of 3D printing has the advantage of rapid production of personalized patient specific prints or customized phantoms within a short timeframe. One of the barriers to uptake has been the lack of guidance. The aim of this topical review is to present the radiotherapy applications and provide guidance on important areas for establishing a 3D printing service in a radiotherapy department including procurement, commissioning, material selection, establishment of relevant quality assurance, multidisciplinary team creation and training.
Charge transport and charge trapping in polycrystalline ZnO thin films doped by methane: local and integrated analysis
Authors: Gomeniuk Y V , Lytvyn P M , Gomeniuk Y Y , Rudenko T E , Vasin A V , Rusavsky A V , Lysenko V S , Kilchytska V , Flandre D , Nazarov A N 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy and Scanning Spreading Resistance Microscopy measurements of hydrogen-doped polycrystalline ZnO films deposited by RF magnetron sputtering with addition of methane have shown that doping of the grain boundaries is higher than that of grains, so that the current flows preferably along the grain boundaries. Current–voltage measurements and admittance spectroscopy of ZnO/n-Si heterostructures were used to assess the density of bulk and interface states in ZnO films with thicknesses of 75 and 135 nm. The charge carrier transport at low temperatures was found to follow space charge limited current mechanism. The density of bulk states is lower in the thicker ZnO film due to the longer passivation effect of hydrogen during deposition.
Temporal evolution, propagation and mutual interaction of cos-gaussian beams in photorefractive crystals exhibiting both the linear and quadratic electro-optic effect
Authors: Potdar Gaurang , Katti Aavishkar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We investigate for the first time, the temporal evolution, propagation and interaction of cos-gaussian beams in novel photorefractive crystals having both the linear and quadratic electro-optic effect. The dynamical evolution equation is set up as a function of time using the Helmholtz equation in the paraxial approximation using the photorefractive charge transport model. The analysis is performed theoretically using the finite difference method to solve the dyamical evolution equation. Diffraction effects are prominent initially since the photorefractive effect has not built up while at larger values of time, we see self trapping and formation of breather solitons and Y-type solitons. A detailed study is subsequently undertaken for the propagation of cos-gaussian beams of different cosine modulation parameters and at various different values of the external electric field once steady state has been reached. Self trapping and formation of optical spatial solitons including breathing solitons and Y-type breathing solitons are observed as the nonlinearity is strengthened by increasing the external electric field. The characteristics of the solitons are dependent upon the modulation parameter of the cos-gaussian beam. The PMN-0.33PT crystal is taken for illustration of the results. Further, the interplay between the linear and the quadratic electro-optic effect and the ensuing effect on the propagation of the cos-gaussian beams is investigated for various cosine modulation parameters. Finally, the interaction of two cos-gaussian beams is studied for in phase and out of phase beams considering various cosine modulation parameters and various separation distances.
Diminution of surface spin disorder in a ferromagnet via proximity effect of single-molecule magnets
Authors: Das Bibekananda , Sahoo Malaya K. , Nayak Debashree , Palai Digbijaya , Sahoo Pratap Kumar , Behera J. N. , Senapati Kartik 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Field-dependent resistance of a magnetic layer is often used as the basic tunable operational entity in several spintronics applications. In this work we demonstrate that the magnetoresistance (MR) of a classic ferromagnetic Ni layer can be tuned significantly by controlling the surface spin scattering of electrons, by manipulating disordered surface spins via proximity effect. This was achieved by drop casting molecules of a well-known single molecule magnet Mn
12-ac on micro-tracks of a thin (~12 nm) Ni film. We found significant changes in the width and sign of the magnetoresistance of the Ni micro-tracks. This is explained in the light of possible locking of the disordered surface spins of the Ni layer with the high spin moment of adjacent Mn
12-ac molecules, causing reduction in the surface spin scattering. As expected, the spin moments of Mn
12-ac molecules were found to effectively pin the surface spins only below the blocking temperature of Mn
12-ac. Above the blocking temperature, the Mn
12-ac molecules had no effect on the MR behavior of Ni micro-tracks. This observation offers a simple route to achieve on-demand low or high resistance states of a magnetic layer, very relevant to the field of spintronics.
Non-cooperative signal recognition: spectrum augmentation and optimization method for modulation style analysis and contrastive clustering
Authors: Zhang Bolin , Zhuang Xuebin , Kong Weisi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In non-cooperative scenarios, signal modulation style analysis has received considerable interest as a method for avoiding malicious attacks in modern cognitive communication systems. However, existing signal clustering methods often overlook the potential of the spectrum and fail to address the issue of local optima commonly encountered in the field of signal clustering. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to accurately cluster modulation styles, termed Spectrum Augmentation for Contrastive Clustering (SACC). SACC proposes two main components, namely, spectrum augmentation and self-labeling optimization, building upon the foundation of contrastive clustering. Specifically, spectrum augmentation (SA) is employed in the first stage to facilitate effective deep semantic feature extraction, leveraging contrastive learning. SA is introduced as a signal spectrum-based data augmentation method, exploiting the temporal and frequency representation capability of signals. In the second stage, a reliable negative self-labeling optimization method is proposed atop deep clustering to address the issue of local optima arising from the lack of label guidance in signal clustering. Extensive experimental results validate the effectiveness of the SACC method, SACC achieving significant performance improvements with a straightforward design. Specifically, SACC achieves an accuracy rate of 80.1% and a normalized mutual information score of 0.826 on two publicly available datasets, demonstrating the superiority of our proposed approach.
Resonant enhancement and confinement of microwave field in coupled conductive rod systems
Authors: Abrahamyan Tigran , Ohanyan Gor , Hambaryan David , Movsisyan Artyom , Parsamyan Henrik , Haroyan Hovhannes , Babajanyan Arsen , Nerkararyan Khachatur 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We investigated the resonant interaction of incident microwaves with a finite linear array of equidistantly arranged conductive rods of finite height. When strong coupling is established between adjacent rods, which act as open resonators for radial waves, a series of resonances emerges, corresponding to the number of rods in the array. Each resonance exhibits distinct charge oscillation amplitudes and phases along the rods, leading to varying radiative losses. Notably, in a system of two resonantly interacting rods, antiphase charge oscillations result in a nearly 30-fold increase in localized field intensity and a quality factor of approximately 400. This study demonstrates the feasibility of creating high-quality open resonators with sub-wavelength confinement, offering the potential for microwave-to-optical conversion and enabling control over quantum processes in materials, thereby broadening their application scope.
First Search for Pulsed CH Maser Emission Stimulated by a Pulsar
Authors: Liu Mengting , Li Di , Dawson J. R. , Weisberg Joel M. , Hobbs George , Tang Ningyu , Luo Gan , Xu Duo , Quan Donghui 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We present the first search for pulsed CH maser emission potentially stimulated by PSR J1644-4559, conducted using the ultra-wide-bandwidth low-frequency receiver on Murriyang, CSIRO's Parkes Radio Telescope. Observations targeted three CH Λ-doublet transitions at 3264, 3335, and 3349 MHz, with a variability timescale of 78 ms. We detected ten CH emission features at 3335 and 3349 MHz, and seven features at 3264 MHz, during both pulsar-ON and pulsar-OFF phases. The observed velocities align with the OH emission and absorption reported by a previous study, suggesting a close spatial association between CH and OH molecules. The derived column densities for CH clouds within the Parkes beam range from 0.05 to 9.8 × 1013 cm−2, indicating that these clouds are likely in diffuse and translucent states. Upper limits for CH column densities within the pulsar beam ranged from 0.3 to 9.8 × 1013 cm−2. Comparison of these column densities suggests that CH clouds may exhibit clumpiness and substructure. No significant stimulated emission feature was detected in the optical depth spectra. Additionally, as part of our search for pulsed stimulated emission, we investigated the potential CH absorption of the pulsar signal and found none, in agreement with astrophysical expectations. The upper limits for the potential maser amplification factors towards PSR J1644-4559 at 3264, 3335, and 3349 MHz are 1.014, 1.009, and 1.009, respectively. This study demonstrates the feasibility of detecting pulsed CH maser emission in the interstellar medium stimulated by pulsar photons.
Integrated assessment of carbon dioxide removal portfolios: land, energy, and economic trade-offs for climate policy
Authors: Chiquier Solene , Gurgel Angelo , Morris Jennifer , Chen Yen-Heng Henry , Paltsev Sergey 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is crucial to achieve the Paris Agreement’s 1.5 °C–2 °C goals. However, climate mitigation scenarios have primarily focused on bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), afforestation/reforestation, and recently direct air carbon capture and storage (DACCS). This narrow focus exposes future climate change mitigation strategies to technological, institutional, and ecological pressures by overlooking the variety of existing CDR options, each with distinct characteristics—including, but not limited to, mitigation potential, cost, co-benefits, and adverse side-effects. This study expands the scope by evaluating CDR portfolios, consisting of any single CDR approach—BECCS, afforestation/reforestation, DACCS, biochar, and enhanced weathering—or a combination of them. We analyse the value of deploying these CDR portfolios to meet 1.5 °C goals, as well as their global and regional implications for land, energy, and policy costs. We find that diversifying CDR approaches is the most cost-effective net-zero strategy. Without the overreliance on any single approach, land and energy impacts are reduced and redistributed. A diversified CDR portfolio thus exhibits lower negative side-effects, but still poses challenges related to environmental impacts, logistics or accountability. We also investigate a CDR portfolio designed to support more scalable and sustainable climate mitigation strategies, and identify trade-offs between reduced economic benefits and lower environmental impacts. Rather than a one-size-fits-all scaling down, the CDR portfolio undergoes strategic realignment, with regional customization based on techno-economic factors and bio-geophysical characteristics. Moreover, we highlight the importance of nature-based removals, especially in Brazil, Latin America, and Africa, where potentials for avoided deforestation are the greatest, emphasizing their substantial benefits, not only for carbon sequestration, but also for preserving planetary well-being and human health. Finally, this study reveals that incentivizing timely and large-scale CDR deployment by policy and financial incentives could reduce the risk of deterring climate change mitigation, notably by minimizing carbon prices.
Dual-side polished SPR-PCF ultra-wide refractive index sensor with high amplitude sensitivity
Authors: Mahmud Russel Reza , Anzum Mariea Sharaf , Hassan Ali Ahnaf , Rafsan Ahmed Afif , Salimullah Shah Md , Nayan Md Faysal 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A highly sensitive polished photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor with an external sensing method has been proposed, which utilizes the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) optical sensing technique. The aim of this study is to develop a sensor which can be utilized to detect a vast range of analyte samples, ranging from low refractive index (RI) chemicals to high RI biomedical applications, while also considering the cost and ease of fabrication. The two polished sides are coated with a plasmonic material called aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) that enhances the coupling strength and enables the SPR technology. The finite element method is employed to analyze the PCF numerically, which confirms a RI spanning from 1.18 to 1.45 for analyte detection, the highest detection extent found for AZO. After analysis, the maximum value of amplitude sensitivity was found to be 6312.34

RI

U

−
1

, and the highest wavelength sensitivity of 20 500 nm RIU−1 was attained. Moreover, the PCF provides a maximum amplitude resolution of 1.58 × 10−6 RIU and wavelength resolution of 4.88 × 10−6 RIU. The confinement loss was also fairly low, perfect for longer sensor lengths. The figure of merit resulted to be 820.924 RIU−1. This SPR-PCF sensor offers high stability during operation due to its high linearity in the visible and infrared spectrum. The proposed sensor has the merits of an extremely wide range of RI detection with high sensitivity and a significantly improved polished design, which can be used in various applications, including chemical analysis, gas detection, and biological cell detection with extremely high accuracy.