bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adult Full Spectrum Multivitamin/Multimineral Supplement Users Have a Lower Prevalence of Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies
Authors: Bird Julia , Ciappio Eric , Murphy Rachel 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionMany Americans consume inadequate intakes of micronutrients, yet it is still commonly believed that clinical nutrient deficiencies are rare in the US. Using biochemical nutrient status data from NHANES 2003‐2006, we determined the proportion of the US adult population deficient in one of more of the following nutrients: vitamins A, B6, B12,C, D, E, folate, iron or iodine.MethodsWe defined three categories of dietary supplement (DS) use: no DS use, use of full‐spectrum multivitamin/multimineral supplements (FSMV) containing 蠅12 vitamins and 6‐14 minerals, and use of any DS other than a FSMV. Adults age 19y and over were included, and pregnant or breastfeeding women were included as a single category (total n=14310). Standard age and gender‐based cutoffs for deficiencies established by the WHO, CDC, and other previously published reports were used. Data analysis accounted for the complex survey design and were weighted to the representative US population.ResultsOverall, 33.7% of US adults were deficient in 蠅1 vitamin/mineral. Men age 19 to 50y had the lowest prevalence of deficiency (28.1% deficient) while women aged 19 to 50y, and pregnant or breastfeeding women had the highest prevalence (42.5% and 47.6% deficient). Among DS non‐users, 31.1% were deficient in 1, 11.2% were deficient in 2, and 3.6% were deficient in 蠅3 vitamins or minerals. In contrast, 22.9%, 5.4% and 1.8% of DS users and 12.1%, 1.8% and 0.5% of FSMV users had either 1, 2, or 蠅3 deficiencies, respectively.ConclusionThe prevalence of any vitamin or mineral deficiency is high in the US population, especially among women of childbearing age. Users of DS, especially FSMV, had a lower prevalence of any vitamin or mineral deficiency compared to non‐users.
Effect of dietary supplements on total nutrient intake in Korean children and adolescents
Authors: Kang Minji , Kim Dong Woo , Lee Han Na , Lee Yun Jeong , Jung Hyun Ju , Paik Hee‐Young , Song YoonJu 
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of dietary supplements (DS) on total nutrient intake. Data from a total of 3,134 subjects between 9 and 18 years of age were obtained from the 4th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007‐2009). The nutrient database for DS was established using the labels and total nutrients intake were combined from the foods and from DS. The prevalence of DS use was 28.5%. Among subjects who reported DS product names, 85.2% were defined as identified DS users, for whom complete nutrient information for the DS used was available. Identified DS users were more likely to be younger, to have a higher household income, and to possess a greater nutritional knowledge compared to nonusers. For total nutrients intake, identified DS users had a significantly lower prevalence of inadequate intakes below the estimated average requirement in vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C, calcium, and iron. However, identified DS users were also more likely to have an excessive intake of iron, vitamin A, and vitamin C. Our results suggest that DS use by children and adolescents can improve micronutrient status, but also increases the risk of excessive intake of certain vitamins and minerals.This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (grant number NRF‐2013R1A1A3010359).
10‐year beverage intake trends among U.S. preschool children: Rapid declines between 2003 and 2010, but stagnancy in recent years
Authors: Ford Christopher , Ng Shu Wen , Popkin Barry 
Published: June 2021

Total energy intake among U.S. preschool children (ages 2‐5y) decreased between 2003‐04 and 2009‐10. However, little is known about how intakes of beverages among U.S. preschoolers changed from 2003‐04 through 2011‐12. We examine trends in intakes of beverages during this period, as well as how eating location and source may have contributed to these changes.Cross‐sectional dietary data among preschoolers from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003‐04, 2005‐06, 2007‐08, 2009‐10 and 2011‐12 were used. Survey‐weighted mean intakes by survey year, eating location, and source, were computed for total sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs), milks, 100% juice, low/no‐calorie beverages, 12 key beverages, total beverages and total foods.Total caloric intake fell by 132 kcal/d, with intakes of beverages falling by 55 kcal/d, in preschoolers between 2003‐04 and 2011‐12. Decreases in intakes of total SSBs (‐57 kcal/d), juice drinks (‐37 kcal/d), caloric soft drinks (‐13 kcal/d), and >1% fat, low‐sugar milk (‐42 kcal/d) were among the major changes. By eating location, total beverage intake at home fell by 73 kcal/d. By source, total beverage intake from stores fell by 106 kcal/d. Changes in intakes occurred primarily between 2003‐04 and 2009‐10, as there were no significant differences in beverage intakes between 2009‐10 and 2011‐12. Intakes of total calories (+49 kcal/d), and calories from foods (+53 kcal/d), trended upward between 2009‐10 and 2011‐12, but changes were not significant.These findings suggest improvements in the diets of preschoolers between 2003‐04 and 2009‐10. However, the rising intakes of total calories and calories from foods between 2009‐10 and 2011‐12 is a cause for concern.
Catalysts for Health Behavior Change in Midlife and Older Rural Adults: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Folta Sara , Seguin Rebecca , Morgan Emily , Graham Meredith , Nelson Miriam , Paul Lynn , Kenkel Donald 
Published: June 2021

Positive health behaviors, such as a heart healthy diet, physical activity, and tobacco cessation, can help reduce cardiovascular disease risk at any age. However, many people do not adopt these behaviors. This qualitative study's purpose was to identify and understand specific catalysts for health behavior change among midlife and older residents of rural communities, a group inadequately represented in research and at elevated risk for chronic disease.Seventeen focus groups were held with 126 sedentary, overweight/obese adults aged 40‐91 years (64±12 years; 57% female) residing in government designated “medically underserved” rural Montana towns (average population <3,000). Groups were stratified by age (40‐64 and 蠅65) and gender. The topic guide had questions about barriers and facilitators to healthy eating, active living, and smoking cessation. Transcripts were reviewed and common themes were identified related to behavior change.Participants were generally aware of heart healthy behaviors and some reported recently making a major change. Catalysts for change included a serious household medical event (e.g. heart attack), shift in family structure (e.g. death of a partner), policy change (e.g. indoor smoking ban), or desire to reduce aging associated functional decline. For women, in particular, the opportunity to take part in health programs (e.g. classes) was a catalyst. These findings provide important insight about what motivates rural residents to change behavior and may inform interventions relevant for this population.Funded by NHLBI, R01 HL120702‐01.
Determinants of the low dietary fiber intake and relationship with Metabolic Syndrome – a Brazilian community‐based study
Authors: Ramos Fernanda , McLellan Kátia , Corrente José , Burini Roberto 
Published: June 2021

Many of the so‐called disease of our time have emerged in conjunction with the discordance between our ancient genetically determined biology and the activity patterns in the “western lifestyle”. Hence, consumption of grain products, have been inversely associated with mortality from a number of chronic diseases. The adequacy of fiber seems to work by diluting the energy intake that would potentiate the higher energy expenditure of physical exercise in promoting body fat loss, along with insulin sensitivity, vasodilation, lower inflammation states, etc.To find the determinants of dietary fiber intake and its role in metabolic syndrome (MetS).In a cross‐sectional design the baseline data from subjects over 35 yrs of age participants of an ongoing dynamic cohort study (Botucatu, SP, Brazil) during the 2007‐2013 period were retrospectively collected in accordance to the inclusion criteria. They were distributed according to their dietary fiber intake in 3 groups (P25, P25‐75 and P75) and analyzed with the co‐variables gender, age, income, education, physical activity (IPAQ) and pathognomonic markers of obesity, and MetS (ATP III, NCEP) and its components.Overall (n=605) individuals had a high caloric diet and a low intake of all sources of fiber. Even in the highest quartile, dietary fiber was far below the daily recommended intake, along with its source of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. The quartile distributions of dietary fiber intake were not influenced by any of the studied variables.The low fiber intake as an independent result of age, gender, education and economic reasons, lead us to probable cultural reasons, what would make the intervention even more challenging.
In‐home Food Supply among Elderly Home‐Delivered Meal Recipients with High Blood Pressure or Diabetes
Authors: Byrd‐Bredbenner Carol , McWilliams Rita , Senger‐Mersich Angela , Cuite Cara , Hallman William 
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTIONThe U.S. 2011‐2012 prevalence of diabetes and high blood pressure in adults >60 was 21% and 67% respectively. This study examined 2 subsets of 2010 – 2013 MOW recipients in 5 states, who were >60 years and lived alone: with self‐reported current diagnosis of HBP and with self‐reported current diagnosis of diabetes and associated the results with the sodium and sugar content of their in‐home food supply.METHODSDuring home‐visits, data collectors interviewed study participants re their current health status and inventoried their in‐home food supplies.RESULTSThe 719 participants in this study were 66% female; 68% White, 28% Black, and on average, 79.9±9.5 years old. Three‐quarters had 5 meals delivered/week by MOW.Most of the in‐home food supply calories (71%) were from dry shelf‐stable foods, indicating a preponderance of processed food. A current diagnosis of HBP and of diabetes were reported by 65% and 34% of participants. The nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) for sodium (100% daily value (DV)/2,000 calories = 2,400 mg/day) was 1.56, and for sugar (100% DV/ 2,000 calories = 50 g/day(proxy)) was 2.03 indicating the sodium and sugar content of their in‐home food supply was, on average, 56% and 103% higher than recommended.CONCLUSIONThe levels of sugar and sodium in food supplies of participants diagnosed with hypertension and diabetes are not congruent with current recommendations and increase the risk of other chronic conditions. The excess sodium and sugar in the in‐home food supplies of elderly individuals with HBP and diabetes represents a preventable health risk to be addressed via nutrition and health communication programs.
Soft Drinks Consumption among Pregnant Women in Colombia: Factors associated
Authors: Ramirez‐Velez Robinson , Meneses‐Echávez Jose , Gonzalez‐Ruiz Katherine , Martinez‐Torres Javier , Correa‐Bautista Jorge 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVESoft drinks are becoming a common component in the diets of pregnant women. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with regular consumption of soft drinks in Colombian pregnantMETHODSA cross‐sectional descriptive study was conducted of data from the 2010 National Nutrition Survey of Colombia(ENSIN 2010), in 1,865 pregnant women aged between 13 and 49 years. Soft drink consumption and associated factors (pregnancy trimester, age, ethnicity, urbanicity, academic level, SISBEN score, and geographic region) were collected by structured questionnaire. Associations were established through a multivariable regression model. All analyzes were calculated by complex samples.RESULTSWe found the 17% of pregnant women consume at least a daily soft drink. To be between 13 to 17 years old, belonging to an ethnic groups (afro‐colombian), being in the first pregnancy trimester and to belong to SISBEN level II showed the highest daily consumption pattern (23.8%, 22.8%, 21.4% y 20.9%). Regression models show that being between 13 to 17 years old (OR 1.92 IC95% 1.04‐3.55); to reside in the eastern area (OR 1.85 IC95% 1.05‐3.27), or Central (OR 1.73 IC95% 1.01‐2.96), and being in the first pregnancy trimester (OR 1.59 IC95% 1.01‐2.52); were associated with soft drinks daily consumption.CONCLUSIONSThe women studied show a high prevalence of daily consumption of soft drinks, so it is recommended that comprehensive interventions which are involved nutritional and educational component.
Fetal Exposure to the Great Chinese Famine May Cause Hyperlipidemia in Adulthood
Authors: Du Shufa , Zhang Bing , Wang Huijun , Popkin Barry 
Published: June 2021

Cardiovascular diseases are increasing rapidly in China, yet there are limited population‐based data on risk factors. To examine the long‐term impacts of fetal exposure to the great Chinese famine in 1959 – 1961, we analyzed levels and patterns of blood cholesterol and other lipids by using the China Health and Nutrition Survey data for 8,639 adults aged 18 years old and older who donated blood samples in 2009. We measured all biomarkers with Hitachi 7600 clinical chemical autoanalyzer and used general linear regression models to analyze the association between fetal exposure to the great famine and lipids level and patterns. We selected as our exposure adults who were born during the peak of great famine from January 1st, 1959 to December 31st, 1961 and would have been in utero during the famine period. Adjusted for age, gender, education, income, and other social‐environment variables, participants who were born during the great famine had elevated total cholesterol (197.7 vs. 188.7 mg/dL, p<0.001), elevated triglycerides (163.2 vs. 151.7 mg/dL, p=0.06), elevated high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (57.0 vs. 55.0 mg/dL, p<0.05), and elevated low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (123.2 vs. 115.7 mg/dL, p<0.001). The elevated levels and patterns of blood lipids suggest that fetal exposure to the great Chinese famine is a risk of the increasing cardiovascular diseases in China. This exposure affects approximate 53 million Chinese adults today.This study was supported by the NIH (R01‐HD30880) and the Fogarty International Center, NIH (5D43TW007709).
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and associated factors in children and adolescents with obesity, in Mexico
Authors: Romero‐Velarde Enrique , Aguirre‐Salas Liuba , Alvarez‐Román Yussani , Vásquez‐Garibay Edgar , Casillas‐Toral Erika , Fonseca‐Reyes Salvador 
Published: June 2021

Objective. To estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in obese children and adolescents attending a Hospital Clinic and identify associated factors.Material and methods. Cross sectional design with 120 children and adolescents with obesity (BMI> 2.0 SD). Personal and family history was collected, blood pressure was measured and determination of serum glucose, insulin, lipoprotein HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were performed. The presence of MS with the International Diabetes Federation criteria was identified. The association of MS with different variables was identified with chi square test and calculation of odds ratio.Results. Mean age 10.6 ± 2.7 years; 60% of subjects were male.The prevalence of MS was 36.7%; it was higher in females (41.7 vs 33.3%).The presence of MS was more frequent in those with a history of large birth weight, and associated with insulin resistance (p< 0.001). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was higher and HDL lower in subjects older than twelve years (p< 0.05); insulin serum levels and HOMA index were higher in this age group (p< 0.05). Conclusions. The prevalence of MS is high in this group of children and adolescents with obesity. The history of large birth weight and the presence of insulin resistance should alert us to the presence of the disease.
High Oleic Sunflower Oil Alters the Proportions of n‐6 and n‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Young and Aging C57BL/6 Heart Tissue
Authors: Zhang Ji Yao , Kim Ellen , Lawrence Peter , Kothapalli Kumar , Brenna J Thomas 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionOils high in linoleic acid (LA) widely available in the U.S. food supply suppress accumulation of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The increasing availability of high oleic oils will shift tissue PUFA away from n‐6. Little is known about the shift in highly unsaturated fatty acids in heart. Here we report the fatty acid composition in heart of neonate, juvenile and aged mice fed with high oleic (HO) fat to establish the effects on heart PUFA.MethodsA mouse diet with HO sunflower was fed to one group of mice, and the mouse facility house diet rich in LA was fed to controls. Female mice were fed ad libitum for one month before breeding through pregnancy and pups were weaned to the diets of the dams. Heart was harvested on postnatal day 1, 7, 13, 21 and 1 year. Heart fatty acids were extracted using one‐step method and quantified by gas chromatography.ResultsNo differences in food intake or body weight were observed. Arachidonic acid did not change between groups. Other n‐6 PUFA were significantly lower in HO than control group at all ages. Eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and total n‐3 PUFA were several fold higher in HO than controls.ConclutionSubstitution of linoleic acid with oleic acid could reduce the n‐6 PUFA but increase n‐3 PUFA in mouse heart during development and aging.Funding SourceNIH R01 AT007003
Plasma Elaidic Acid Level as Biomarker of Industrial trans Fatty Acids and Risk of Weight Change: Report from the EPIC Study
Authors: Chajes Veronique , Biessy Carine , Ferrari Pietro , Romieu Isabelle , Slimani Nadia 
Published: June 2021

Few epidemiological studies have examined the association between dietary trans fatty acids and weight gain, and the evidence remains inconsistent. The main objective of the study was to investigate the prospective association between biomarkers of industrial trans fatty acids and change in weight within the large study European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort.Baseline plasma fatty acid concentrations were determined in a representative EPIC sample from the 23 participating EPIC centers. A total of 1,945 individuals were followed for a median of 4.9 years to monitor weight change. The association between elaidic acid level and percent change of weight was investigated using a multinomial logistic regression model, adjusted by length of follow‐up, age, energy, alcohol, smoking status, physical activity, and region.In women only, a trend was observed between doubling elaidic acid level and an increased risk of weight gain (odds ratio (OR)=1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.97‐1.56, p=0.082), and with a decreased risk of weight loss (OR=0.69, 95% CI=0.55‐0.88, p=0.002) (p‐trend<.0001). No association was found for saturated and cis‐monounsaturated fatty acids.These data suggest that a high intake of industrial trans fatty acids may increase the risk of weight gain and decrease the risk of weight loss in women. Prevention of obesity should consider limiting the consumption of highly processed foods, the main source of industrially‐produced trans fatty acids.
A dual functioning extensively hydrolyzed casein modulates cytokine secretion by immune cells and insulin responses from beta cells in vitro
Authors: Brennan L , Ben Larbi N , Aarbiou J , Gross G , Lambers T. , van Tol E. , Collins L , Fischer F , Loscher C 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesType 1 Diabetes is characterized by progressive autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β‐cells. The aim of this study was to assess whether extensively hydrolyzed casein might interfere with the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines by immune cells and whether it might preserve β‐cell function in vitro.MethodsMurine and human immune cells were pre‐incubated with specific hydrolyzed casein and fractions thereof for 1‐hour followed by activation of the cells with LPS or CD40. Cytokine secretion was measured after 24 hours. Furthermore, effects of the hydrolysate on insulin secretion by β‐cells were assessed.ResultsPro‐inflammatory cytokine secretion from murine macrophages was decreased by the hydrolysate and fractions thereof. Similarly, dose‐dependent inhibition of pro‐inflammatory cytokine responses was confirmed using human primary dendritic cells and macrophages. Finally, specific hydrolysate fractions that exerted anti‐inflammatory effects also significantly promoted insulin secretion from β‐cells following exposure to IL‐1β, IFN‐γ or IL‐23. Not all hydrolysate fractions showed these activities, highlighting the potential specificity of certain hydrolysate preparations.ConclusionExtensively hydrolyzed casein and some specific fractions display dual functionality; they can exert anti‐inflammatory effects on cells of the immune system and rescue insulin secretion impaired by inflammatory activity. These mechanisms may contribute to a potential preventive effect in the development of inflammatory diseases.
Development of a “Super‐Kid” Model Based on Plasma [13c10]‐Retinol Kinetics in Well‐Nourished Mexican Infants
Authors: Lopez Teros Veronica , Green Michael , Ford Jennifer , Astiazaran‐Garcia Humberto , Tang Guangwen 
Published: June 2021

To study vitamin A (VA) metabolism in infants, a tracer dose of [13C10]‐retinyl acetate was given orally to 15 subjects (15‐34 months), 2 samples were drawn/child to build a 10 time‐point kinetic curve from 7.5 h to 35 d after dosing; mean fraction of dose in plasma was calculated at each sampling time. Model‐based compartmental analysis using WinSAAM was used to develop a composite 'super‐kid’ model of plasma [13C10]‐retinol kinetics. Data fit a 5 compartment model which includes a delay element representing VA digestion and absorption plus chylomicron formation and metabolism; a compartment for uptake and metabolism of newly absorbed VA in liver; the plasma retinol pool; and two extravascular VA storage pools: a fast‐ and a slower turning‐over compartment. Irreversible loss was modeled from the slower turning‐over pool, at a rate of 2.6% per day, which is the system fractional catabolic rate (FCR). Our modeling results indicate early and rapid VA absorption, followed by significant retinol recycling among plasma and tissues and high retinol turnover, plus a low system FCR reflecting the relatively high VA stores in these well‐nourished infants who received a 60 mg retinyl acetate dose as part of a National Program in Mexico, 3 mo prior to this study. The 'super kid’ approach facilitates model development in infants for whom blood collections need to be minimized or when access to subjects is limited in the field.IAEA 16880