bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Back‐layer on seal performance of multilayer polyethylene‐based sealant films
Authors: Kanani Aghkand Zahra , Saffar Amir , Ajji Abdellah 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis work studies effects of back‐layer materials, thickness of sealant layer, and sealing condition on seal performance of multilayer polyethylene‐based films. Multilayer films with back‐layers of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE), or low‐density polyethylene (LDPE), or linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) were produced with different thicknesses of the metallocene layer. It was found that increasing the thickness of the metallocene layer improved hot tack properties. In addition, films with back‐layers of LLDPE or LDPE showed higher hot tack strength compared to those with HDPE back‐layer. Increasing sealing temperature reduced significantly the hot tack strength and its dependency on metallocene layer thickness. It was found that increasing delay time after sealing, before peeling test, increased hot tack strength, but the rate of hot tack evolution and the type of peeling behavior were considerably affected by the type of back‐layer material. The effect of dwell time was also examined, and it was observed that increasing dwell time in the studied range did not affect the hot tack evolution. The mechanisms involved in the development of hot tack evolution were discussed, and it was shown that the back‐layer effects can be explained by bulk viscoelastic energy dissipation theory.
Synthesis of 5‐[(1H‐indol‐3‐yl)methyl]‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐2(3H)‐thiones and their protective activity against oxidative stress
Authors: Iškauskienė Monika , Kadlecová Alena , Voller Jiří , Janovská Lucie , Malinauskienė Vida , Žukauskaitė Asta , Šačkus Algirdas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA small library of 2‐[(1H‐indol‐3‐yl)methyl]‐5‐(alkylthio)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles was prepared, starting from indole‐3‐acetic acid methyl ester and its 5‐methyl‐substituted derivative. The synthetic route involved the formation of intermediate hydrazides, their condensation with carbon disulfide, and intramolecular cyclization to corresponding 5‐[(1H‐indol‐3‐yl)methyl]‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐2(3H)‐thiones. The latter were then S‐alkylated, and in case of ester derivatives, they were further hydrolyzed into corresponding carboxylic acids. All 5‐[(1H‐indol‐3‐yl)methyl]‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐2(3H)‐thiones and their S‐alkylated derivatives were then screened for their protective effects in vitro and in vivo. Methyl substitution on the indole ring and propyl, butyl, or benzyl substitution on sulfhydryl group‐possessing compounds were revealed to protect Friedreich's ataxia fibroblasts against the effects of glutathione depletion induced by the γ‐glutamylcysteine synthetase inhibitor, buthionine sulfoximine. Two of the active compounds also reproducibly increased the survival of Caenorhabditis elegans exposed to juglone‐induced oxidative stress.
Virtual Reality Bell‐Ringer: The Development and Testing of a Stereoscopic Application for Human Gross Anatomy
Authors: Brewer‐Deluce Danielle , Bak Alex B. , Simms Abigail J. , Sinha Sakshi , Mitchell Josh P. , Shin David , Saraco Anthony N. , Wainman Bruce C. 
Published: March 2021

As post‐secondary education migrates online, developing and evaluating new avenues for assessment in anatomy is paramount. Three‐dimensional (3D) visualization technology is one area with the potential to augment or even replace resource‐intensive cadaver use in anatomical education. This manuscript details the development of a smartphone application, entitled “Virtual Reality Bell‐Ringer (VRBR),” capable of displaying monoscopic two‐dimensional (2D) or stereoscopic 3D images with the use of an inexpensive cardboard headset for use in spot examinations. Cadaveric image use, creation, and pinning processes are explained, and the source code is provided. To validate this tool, this paper compares traditional laboratory‐based spot examination assessment stations against those administered using the VRBR application to test anatomical knowledge. Participants (undergraduate, n = 38; graduate, n = 13) completed three spot examinations specific to their level of study, one in each of the modalities (2D, 3D, laboratory) as well as a mental rotation test (MRT), Stereo Fly stereotest, and cybersickness survey. Repeated measures ANCOVA suggested participants performed significantly better on laboratory and 3D stations compared to 2D stations. Moderate to severe cybersickness symptoms were reported by 63% of participants in at least one category while using the VRBR application. Highest reported symptoms included: eye strain, general discomfort, difficulty focusing, and difficulty concentrating. Overall, the VRBR application is a promising tool for its portability, affordability, and accessibility. Due to reported cybersickness and other technical limitations, the use of VRBR as an alternative to cadaveric specimens presents several challenges when testing anatomy knowledge that must be addressed before widespread adoption.
Innovatives Bauen in die Höhe – das „SKAIO“ als neuer Standard in der Holz‐Hybrid‐Bauweise
Authors: Kober Thorsten , Winter Stefan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn Heilbronn entstand auf dem Gelände der BUGA 2019 das erste Wohnhochhaus in Holz‐Hybrid‐Bauweise in Deutschland. „SKAIO“ steht Pate für zukunftsweisendes Bauen und Wohnen. 2019 wurde im Heilbronner Neckarbogen die Bundesgartenschau ausgerichtet. Die BUGA ist außer einer Blumenschau v. a. auch ein Stadtentwicklungsprogramm für Heilbronn. Im Rahmen des Aktionsprogramms Wohnen entstand der neue Stadtteil „Neckarbogen“. Das 34 m hohe, zehngeschossige Holz‐Hybrid‐Hochhaus SKAIO setzt dabei ein markantes Zeichen für innovative Architektur und zukunftsweisende Bautechnik.
Architektur mit Betonfertigteilen
Authors: Mittelstädt Jan , Peter Boris 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAll‐in! beschreibt die architektonische Intention einer vielseitigen „Nutzungslandschaft“ unter einem Dach für das neue Gebäude HalfTime von Adidas. In interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit mit den Architekten von Cobe und CL Map entwickelte Knippers Helbig ein multifunktionales Gebäude für die gesamte Adidas‐Familie. Als rhombusförmiger Grundriss fügt sich der Gebäudesolitär in die Landschaft ein. Die exponierte lineare Tragstruktur des Dachs ist gestaltprägendes und funktionsverbindendes Element – es ‚schwebt‘ in monolithischer Anmutung über den inneren und äußeren Gebäudebereichen. Wände und Träger verlaufen fast ausschließlich in Gebäudelängsrichtung und bestimmen das lineare Erscheinungsbild. Der innere Gebäudebereich wird von V‐förmigen und dünnwandigen Stahlbetonfertigteilen überspannt. Über den Gebäudeaußenbereich kragt ein monolithisches zweiachsiges Tragraster geneigter schlanker Längs‐ und gerader Querträger aus. Die Gebäudehülle aus vorgefertigten Beton‐Sandwichwandelementen und einer gefalteten Glasfassade unterstützt den schwebenden Charakter des Dachs; sie bildet zugleich Tragwerk des äußeren Gebäudebereichs als auch Schnittstelle zum eigenständigen Tragwerk des inneren Gebäudebereichs. Die Fertigteilstruktur des Dachs ist im Zusammenspiel aus Form und Fügung das gestaltprägende Element des Gebäudeentwurfs. Durch einen unvoreingenommenen Umgang mit Lösungen für den Betonfertigteilbau konnten die Konstruktionsgrenzen für die Architektur neu gesetzt werden.
A randomized comparison of two paclitaxel‐coated balloons for the treatment of in‐stent restenosis: The LONGTY ISR China randomized trial (LONGTY DCB vs. SeQuent Please DCB)
Authors: Hu Po , Sun Yong , Li Chang‐Ling , Jin Rui , Xie Qiang , Jiang Xue‐Jun , Wu Lian‐Pin , Jiang Jian‐Jun , Qiu Xin‐Biao , Cao Yu , Ji Guang , Wang Hua , Yao Zhu‐Hua , Li Bin , Xia Yong , Wang Jian‐An , Jiang Jun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study sought to compare the efficacy and clinical safety of the LONGTY drug‐coated balloon (DCB) with those of SeQuent Please DCB in patients with in‐stent restenosis (ISR).BackgroundAlthough DCB technologies have evolved, little is known about the clinical efficacy of the new‐generation LONGTY DCB.MethodsThis was a prospective, multicenter, randomized, noninferiority trial comparing LONGTY DCB with SeQuent Please DCB in patients with ISR. The primary endpoint was target lesion late lumen loss at 9 months' follow‐up.ResultsA total of 211 patients with ISR from 13 Chinese sites were included (LONGTY DCB, n = 105; SeQuent Please DCB, n = 106). Device success was achieved in all patients. At the 9 month angiographic follow‐up, target lesion late lumen loss was 0.35 ± 0.42 mm with LONGTY and 0.38 ± 0.45 mm with SeQuent Please (p for noninferiority <.001). The target lesion revascularization rates at 1 year were similar in both DCB groups (15.24 vs. 13.21%; p = .673). Over an extended follow‐up of 2 years, the clinical endpoints, including cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and thrombus rate, were extremely low and similar in both groups.ConclusionsIn this multicenter, head‐to‐head, randomized trial, the new‐generation LONGTY DCB was noninferior to the SeQuent Please DCB for the primary endpoint of target lesion late lumen loss at 9 months.
Lighting Up the Plasma Membrane: Development and Applications of Fluorescent Ligands for Transmembrane Proteins
Authors: Borgarelli Carlotta , Klingl Yvonne E. , Escamilla‐Ayala Abril , Munck Sebastian , Van Den Bosch Ludo , De Borggraeve Wim M. , Ismalaj Ermal 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDespite the fact that transmembrane proteins represent the main therapeutic targets for decades, complete and in‐depth knowledge about their biochemical and pharmacological profiling is not fully available. In this regard, target‐tailored small‐molecule fluorescent ligands are a viable approach to fill in the missing pieces of the puzzle. Such tools, coupled with the ability of high‐precision optical techniques to image with an unprecedented resolution at a single‐molecule level, helped unraveling many of the conundrums related to plasma proteins’ life‐cycle and druggability. Herein, we review the recent progress made during the last two decades in fluorescent ligand design and potential applications in fluorescence microscopy of voltage‐gated ion channels, ligand‐gated ion channels and G‐coupled protein receptors.
Instability of parallel flow of two immiscible liquids in a pore and application to steam‐assisted gravity drainage
Authors: Lee Young H. , Gates Ian D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe instability at the interface between two parallel flows of immiscible liquids through a uniform planar pore is studied by using linear stability analysis. A characteristic equation determines the growth rate versus wavenumber, and instability conditions are determined. The instability is governed by a dimensionless group relating the ratio of gravity to interfacial tension. Interfacial tension has a stabilizing effect resisting the destabilizing gravitational force, limiting the range of wavelengths of unstable disturbances to be longer than a minimum critical wavelength. Application to flow of steam condensate and mobilized bitumen in the steam‐assisted gravity drainage process shows that the instability is possible only over a specific range of temperatures given the densities of the steam condensate and oil in the reservoir. This instability may contribute to forming an emulsion which could help support oil drainage if the oil is hosted by the more mobile water phase.
Fault tolerant resource allocation in fog environment using game theory‐based reinforcement learning
Authors: V Divya , R Leena Sri 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRealtime decision making is associated with an on‐demand, latency aware resource allocation. Fog nodes along with cloud infrastructure, when used effectively can ensure real‐time decision making. In this article, we propose an efficient resource allocation and fault tolerance mechanism for the fog layer. Our work takes the advantage of game theory, where Nash equilibrium is the initial allocation strategy, which is then passed on to the reinforcement learner. The allocation is done proactively based on the network status and traffic history. The performance of our system is compared with the existing open shortest path first and neural network algorithms. Besides, fault tolerance mechanism has also been proposed which takes the advantage of the fail‐over cluster formation to find the link failure and provide an alternate path in the smart switch, which is the networking component of the fog network. The proposed work gives an improved recovery time and average service time in case of failure with a recovery time of 32 ms. The experimental results are justified in terms of improved service time, lower delay, and optimal energy utilization.
Healthcare fraud detection using primitive sub peer group analysis
Authors: Settipalli Lavanya , Gangadharan G. R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHealthcare fraud is a significant problem greatly affecting the quality of healthcare services. Manual auditing of insurance claims extends to the delay in finding fraudulent behaviors causing huge financial loss and also putting the patients' health conditions at risk. Since the past decade, the automation of fraud detection using machine learning techniques has become a prominent research topic. Several automated fraud detection systems using machine learning techniques have been proposed so far. However, developing a healthcare fraud detection system that is adaptive to the systematic changes is still missing. Therefore, in this article, we develop primitive sub peer group analysis (PSPGA) for identifying the suspicious behaviors in health insurance claims. PSPGA is inspired by peer group analysis, a popular unsupervised learning technique, which identifies suspicious behaviors based on local pattern analysis. PSPGA distinguishes between the concept drifts and the sudden drifts and flags the sudden drifts as fraudulent. Moreover, PSPGA makes the fraud detection system adaptive to the concept drifts by considering the updates for peer groups over time.
Combining the Best of Two Chelating Titans: A Hydroxypyridinone‐Decorated Macrocyclic Ligand for Efficient and Concomitant Complexation and Sensitized Luminescence of f‐Elements
Authors: Arnedo‐Sanchez Leticia , Smith Kurt F. , Deblonde Gauthier J.‐P. , Carter Korey P. , Moreau Liane M. , Rees Julian A. , Tratnjek Toni , Booth Corwin H. , Abergel Rebecca J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn ideal chelator for f‐elements features rapid kinetics of complexation, high thermodynamic stability, and slow kinetics of dissociation. Here we present the facile synthesis of a macrocyclic ligand bearing four 1‐hydroxy‐2‐pyridinone units linked to a cyclen scaffold that rapidly forms thermodynamically stable complexes with lanthanides (Sm3+, Eu3+, Tb3+, Dy3+) and a representative late actinide (Cm3+) in aqueous media and concurrently sensitizes them. Extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy revealed an increase in the Ln/An−O bond lengths following the trend Cm>Eu>Tb and EXAFS data were compatible with time‐resolved luminescence studies, which indicated one to two water molecules in the inner metal coordination sphere of Eu(III) and two water molecules for the Cm(III) complex. Spectrofluorimetric ligand competition titrations against DTPA confirmed the high thermodynamic stability of DOTHOPO complexes, with pM values between 19.9(1) and 21.9(2).
Real‐Time Assessment of Mitochondrial Toxicity in HepG2 Cells Using the Seahorse Extracellular Flux Analyzer
Authors: Espinosa Jether Amos , Pohan Grace , Arkin Michelle R. , Markossian Sarine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe liver is the primary organ responsible for drug detoxification. Drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) is a leading cause of attrition during drug development and is one of the main reasons that drugs are withdrawn from the market. Hence, the prevention of DILI plays a central role in the overall drug‐discovery process. Most of the liver's energy supply comes in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is largely generated by mitochondria. This article describes the evaluation of drug‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction using the Seahorse Extracellular Flux Analyzer (Agilent). The described protocols detail the accurate measurement of ATP production rate in HepG2 cells after exposure to a panel of potentially toxic compounds. This assay measures changes in extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) as indicators of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration—the two major energy‐generating pathways in a cell. This assay provides a useful model to predict mitochondrial dysfunction‐mediated DILI. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.This article was corrected on 25 July 2022. See the end of the full text for details.Basic Protocol: Measurement of cellular ECAR, OCR, and ATP production in live HepG2 cellsSupport Protocol 1: Culturing and maintaining of HepG2 cellsSupport Protocol 2: Determining optimal cell density per well
Differential expression of gibberellin‐related genes in wild type and dwarf mutant of Poa pratensis implied their roles in regulating plant height
Authors: Gan Lu , Su Haotian , Yan Mengju , Han Liebao , Yin Shuxia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGibberellins (GA) are important hormones in the regulation of plant growth and development, especially plant dwarfism. In the present study, the leaf length and active gibberellin content of a dwarf mutant were lower than that of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) wild type, and the plant height of the dwarf mutant increased following the application of GA3. To gain insights into the GA metabolism pathway in turfgrass and the role of GA‐related genes in the dwarf phenotype, five GA‐related genes in P. pratensis, namely PpKS, PpKO, PpGA20ox1, PpGA3ox1, and PpGA2ox5, were isolated and identified. According to expression analysis, the expression levels of PpKS were lower in the dwarf mutant than in the wild type, whereas the transcript abundances of PpGA20ox1 and PpGA2ox5 were raised in dwarf mutant. Further evaluation of the expression profiles of these genes in response to GA3 showed that the studied genes were differentially regulated after exogenous treatment. Furthermore, it was found that PpGA2ox5‐overexpressing transgenic lines produced the phenotypes of dwarfism and dark green blades, whereas PpGA20ox1 overexpression in Arabidopsis had the opposite effect. Through the result of the diverse expression patterns of GA genes and functional study of PpGA2ox5 and PpGA20ox1, it is indicated that the genes involved in the metabolism of GA are important for regulating plant height and speculated that PpGA2ox5 could be the breeding target that used to cultivate dwarf varieties of Kentucky bluegrass.
Stable image matching for 3D reconstruction in outdoor
Authors: Cao Mingwei , Gao Hao , Jia Wei 
Published: March 2021

SummaryStable image matching is still a pursuit goal in the communities of computer vision and graphics because of many potential applications such as 3D reconstruction, object recognition, and visual tracking. In the case of 3D reconstruction, modern structure‐from‐motion methods depend heavily on image‐matching methods for recovering geometric models. Existing methods have tried to exploit various strategies to generate correct feature correspondences for 3D reconstruction. However, there are no efficient methods that can work well in the wild. To defend this drawback, in this paper, we design a stable image‐matching method for 3D reconstruction. The method consists of feature point detection, descriptor extraction, feature matching, and matching verification. Besides, we try to choose a stable algorithm for each module of the proposed method, in which the adopted algorithms are implemented in an optimized approach for acceleration. Finally, we conduct a systematic experiment on several benchmarking datasets to assess the performance of the proposed method. Experimental results show that the proposed method has both high matching precision and fast speed.
RGD‐binding integrins and TGF‐β in SARS‐CoV‐2 infections – novel targets to treat COVID‐19 patients?
Authors: Carvacho Ingrid , Piesche Matthias 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe new coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 is a global pandemic and a severe public health crisis. SARS‐CoV‐2 is highly contagious and shows high mortality rates, especially in elderly and patients with pre‐existing medical conditions. At the current stage, no effective drugs are available to treat these patients. In this review, we analyse the rationale of targeting RGD‐binding integrins to potentially inhibit viral cell infection and to block TGF‐β activation, which is involved in the severity of several human pathologies, including the complications of severe COVID‐19 cases. Furthermore, we demonstrate the correlation between ACE2 and TGF‐β expression and the possible consequences for severe COVID‐19 infections. Finally, we list approved drugs or drugs in clinical trials for other diseases that also target the RGD‐binding integrins or TGF‐β. These drugs have already shown a good safety profile and, therefore, can be faster brought into a trial to treat COVID‐19 patients.
Tests of search image and learning in the wild: Insights from sexual conflict in damselflies
Authors: Piersanti Silvana , Salerno Gianandrea , Di Pietro Viviana , Giontella Leonardo , Rebora Manuela , Jones Albyn , Fincke Ola M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSearch image formation, a proximal mechanism to maintain genetic polymorphisms by negative frequency‐dependent selection, has rarely been tested under natural conditions. Females of many nonterritorial damselflies resemble either conspecific males or background vegetation. Mate‐searching males are assumed to form search images of the majority female type, sexually harassing it at rates higher than expected from its frequency, thus selectively favoring the less common morph. We tested this and how morph coloration and behavior influenced male perception and intersexual encounters by following marked Ischnura elegans and noting their reactions to conspecifics. Contrary to search image formation and associative learning hypotheses, although males encountered the minority, male‐like morph more often, sexual harassment and clutch size were similar for both morphs. Prior mating attempts or copula with morphs did not affect a male's subsequent reaction to them; males rarely attempted matings with immature females or males. Females mated early in the day, reducing the opportunity for males to learn their identity beforehand. Once encountered, the male‐like morph was more readily noticed by males than the alternative morph, which once noticed was more likely to receive mating attempts. Flexible behavior gave morphs considerable control over their apparency to males, influencing intersexual encounters. Results suggested a more subtle proximal mechanism than male learning maintains these color polymorphisms and call for inferences of learning to be validated by behavior of wild receivers and their signalers.