bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil-structure interaction at CDMG and USGS accelerograph stations
Authors: Crouse C. B. , Hushmand Behnam 
Published: July 2021

AbstractForced harmonic and impulse-response vibration tests were conducted at several California accelerograph stations operated by the California Division of Mines and Geology (CDMG) and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to determine the extent to which soil-structure interaction may be affecting the recorded ground motions. The results of the tests on the foundations comprising USGS Station 6 in the Imperial Valley and CDMG Cholame 1E and Fault Zone 3 stations in the Cholame Valley indicated the presence of highly damped fundamental frequencies between 20 and 40 Hz. However, at the much larger Differential Array station, a masonry-block structure approximately 6 km southwest of Station 6, a moderately damped fundamental frequency of 12 Hz was observed.Approximate transfer functions between earthquake motions recorded at the stations and the free-field motions were computed from the response data obtained from the forced harmonic vibration tests. For the three smaller stations, these functions showed peak amplification factors ranging from 1.25 to 1.4 at frequencies between 20 and 40 Hz. The amplification at smaller frequencies was insignificant. For the Differential Array station, the amplification factor was 1.5 at 12 Hz and was roughly 0.6 for frequencies between 14 and 25 Hz. These results suggest that soil-structure interaction will have little effect on ground motions recorded at the smaller stations provided that most of the energy in these motions is confined to frequencies less than approximately 20 Hz. However, at the Differential Array station, soil-structure interaction probably has had, and will continue to have, a significant influence on the motions recorded at this station.
Duration and depth of faulting of the 22 June 1977 Tonga earthquake
Authors: Zhang Jiajun , Lay Thorne 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe 22 June 1977 (Mw = 8.2) Tonga earthquake has the longest rupture duration ever reported for a normal fault event. The 150-km depth range spanned by aftershocks of the earthquake is also unusually large. There has been substantial controversy over both the depth and duration of faulting for this great event, obscuring its tectonic significance. We study the source process of the Tonga event using long-period Rayleigh waves recorded by the Global Digital Seismograph Network (GDSN) and International Deployment of Accelerometers (IDA) networks. For a standard assumption of a Haskell source, a total duration of 84 ± 4 sec is obtained using a least-squares inversion method. We introduce the use of the spectral amplitude as a weighting factor in measuring the misfit between the data and a given source finiteness model, which reduces the scatter and improves the resolution of source duration determined from data ranging in period from 150 to 300 sec. Using a more realistic shape for the source-time function in the inversion (drawing upon results from body-wave analysis) reveals a much longer (165-sec process time) component of the source process of the Tonga earthquake. The fundamental mode Rayleigh waves do not resolve any horizontal source directivity. However, the centroid depth of the earthquake is well resolved as 96 km with 90 per cent confidence range (93, 104 km). The estimated error in the depth determination due to the uncertainties in the source finiteness and earth models is only a few kilometers. The results indicate that the rupture of the earthquake excited long-period seismic waves at depths somewhat greater than the 70 to 80 km depth range where the primary body-wave radiation occurred, favoring rupture on the steeply dipping plane of the focal mechanism. The fundamental mode Rayleigh waves with periods longer than 150 sec cannot resolve vertical extent of the faulting; however, additional information from body-wave and free oscillation analyses indicates a vertical fault extent of about 50 km with a frequency-dependent variation in seismic radiation with depth.
Estimation of earthquake hazard parameters from incomplete data files. Part I. Utilization of extreme and complete catalogs with different threshold magnitudes
Authors: Kijko A. , Sellevoll M. A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe maximum likelihood estimation of earthquake hazard parameters (maximum regional magnitude, mmax, earthquake activity rate λ, and b parameter in the Gutenberg-Richter equation) is extended to the case of mixed data containing large historical events and recent complete observations. The method accepts variable quality of complete data in different parts of a catalog with different threshold magnitude values. As an illustration, the procedure is applied for the estimation of seismicity parameters in the area of Calabria and eastern Sicily.
Precursory seismic quiescence before the January 1982 Hilea, Hawaii, earthquakes
Authors: Wyss Max , Fu Zhengxiang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTwo earthquakes of ML = 5.4 occurred within half an hour of each other within the Hilea area of Southern Hawaii on 21 January 1982. The aftershock distribution suggests that together they ruptured an area of approximately 5-km radius, and their joint equivalent magnitude was 5.6. The first motions indicate faulting on a near horizontal plane at 10 km depth, with the crust slipping to the southeast.The seismicity rate in the source area was studied using the earthquake catalog of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. This catalog contains some reporting rate changes that affect the count of smaller earthquakes strongly, with a period of low reporting during 1974 to 1977. Although we have used 2.5 as the minimum magnitude of homogeneous reporting after 1971, some of the artificial rate changes are still present in the data. The catalog was declustered using Reasenberg's algorithm, and a magnitude correction of −0.1 was applied to the data between 1974 and 1984.The seismicity rate for the period of November 1971 through 1985 was examined in four adjacent regions; one of these contained the aftershocks. The aftershock volume and the 3-km annulus around it showed a period of 46 weeks of low seismicity rate immediately before January 1982, during which the rate was decreased by 87 per cent. The seismicity rate in the other three volumes was normal during this time. We conclude that this low reporting rate was not likely due to artificial changes in the catalog. The fact that the quiescence anomaly coincided in space with the 1982 aftershock volume and that its termination coincided with the 1982 main shocks suggests that the quiescence was a precursor.Comparing the seismicity rate within all possible 46-week windows to the background rate, we found that the precursory rate decrease was more significant than any other rate decrease in all volumes studied except artificial low rate periods. Thus this quiescence precursor could be recognized without false alarms. However, the statistical significance estimated by the z- and β-tests was low, ≦75 per cent and ≦49 per cent, respectively. More case histories are needed to determine empirically the thresholds of these tests for accepting precursory anomalies without too many false alarms.The M = 6.6 Kaoiki earthquake that was located about 25-km north of the 1982 source area was preceded by 125 weeks of quiescence, while the M = 7.2 Kalapana earthquake quiescence precursor lasted about 200 weeks. These observations suggest that in Hawaii quiescence precursor times may be a function of magnitude.
Reconstruction of a channel offset in 1857(?) by the San Andreas fault near Cholame, California
Authors: Lienkaemper James J. , Sturm Thomas A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The U.S. Geological Survey has formally forecast the next moderate (M6) Parkfield earthquake for 1988 ±5 yr. Sieh and Jahns (1984) forecast that a M7 earthquake is likely to accompany the next Parkfield earthquake. The latter forecast rests on interpretation of 3 to 4 m of 1857 slip on eight gullies near Cholame and slip-loading rate of 3.5 cm/yr since 1857. But Lienkaemper (1987) interprets 1857 slip here as 4 to 8 m. These eight gullies yield larger slip when one includes slip on secondary faults (at three gullies), and one picks gully centerlines judging the post-1857 alteration differently (at five sites). Our goal in this paper is to show our interpretation of slip on one gully deemed the least ambiguous of these eight (as they appear in large-scale, 1966 aerial photographs). We interpret slip as 2-m larger at this key site, suggesting a much lower likelihood of the next Parkfield earthquake triggering a larger Cholame earthquake. Our detailed studies of many sites showing 1857(?) slip are continuing and will be published later.
Using 1966 aerial photos, we infer the shape of this key gully before fault offset by eliminating effects of later natural and artificial processes of alteration. On 1986 photos right-lateral offset seems 3.5 ± 0.5 m, but on 1966 photos we measure 5.7 ± 0.7 m. Differencing precise 1966 and 1986 topographic maps shows that little incision occurred, but soil deposited up to a 1-m thickness on the left bank (probably drifted downslope from agricultural disking in the adjacent field). This soil deposit forced the channel bottom 2-m away from the left bank (upstream from fault only), causing offset in 1986 to appear 2-m smaller than in 1966. This 2-m alteration presumably occurred before Sieh (1978) interpreted 3.3-m slip here.
The longer it has been since the last earthquake, the longer the expected time till the next?
Authors: Davis Paul M. , Jackson David D. , Kagan Yan Y. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe adopt a lognormal distribution for earthquake interval times, and we use a locally determined rather than a generic coefficient of variation, to estimate the probability of occurrence of characteristic earthquakes. We extend previous methods in two ways. First, we account for the aseismic period since the last event (the “seismic drought”) in updating the parameter estimates. Second, in calculating the earthquake probability we allow for uncertainties in the mean recurrence time and its variance by averaging over their likelihood. Both extensions can strongly influence the calculated earthquake probabilities, especially for long droughts in regions with few documented earthquakes. As time passes, the recurrence time and variance estimates increase if no additional events occur, leading eventually to an affirmative answer to the question in the title. The earthquake risk estimate begins to drop when the drought exceeds the estimated recurrence time. For the Parkfield area of California, the probability of a magnitude 6 event in the next 5 years is about 34 per cent, much lower than previous estimates. Furthermore, the estimated 5-year probability will decrease with every uneventful year after 1988. For the Coachella Valley segment of the San Andreas Fault, the uncertainties are large, and we estimate the probability of a large event in the next 30 years to be 9 per cent, again much smaller than previous estimates. On the Mojave (Pallett Creek) segment the catalog includes 10 events, and the present drought is just approaching the recurrence interval, so the estimated risk is revised very little by our methods.
Обґрунтування методології формування моделей діяльності підприємства
Authors: Доценко С.І. , Мойсеєнко В.І. , Клименко Л.А. , Єрмоленко Л.П. 
Published: July 2021

Сучасний стан розвитку виробництва характеризується зміною концепції побудови та діяльності підприємства, тому насамперед виникає проблема прийняття рішення про обрання оптимальної методології моделювання. Після цього здійснюється вибір оптимального методу та моделі. Після обрання оптимальної моделі наступною є фаза її конструювання. При цьому процес конструювання містить етапи декомпозиції, агрегування, дослідження умов, побудови програми. Зміст цього підходу до моделювання є конкретним втіленням загальної методології структурно-функціонального підходу до дослідження організаційних систем. На цей час немає єдино визнаної методології моделювання підприємства, тому розробники використовують переважно евристичні методи для прийняття рішень
Intelligent CBR system for automation of the search process for efficient methods for cleaning exhaust gases
Authors: Bugaieva Liudmyla , Beznosyk Yurii 
Published: July 2021

In this study, the objective is to develop an intelligent system for making decisions on the choice of methods for cleaning exhaust gases from sulfur and nitrogen oxides using the Case-Based Reasoning- (CBR). The task of automating the selection of effective methods for cleaning waste gases is urgent and meets the paradigm of sustainable development.
A database on methods for cleaning exhaust gases from nitrogen and sulfur oxides was created. The potential use of intelligent inference on precedents from the database to select the most appropriate cleaning method for new emission stream data is considered. The work of the CBR method is represented as a life cycle, which has four main stages: Retrieving, Reusing, Revising and Retaining.
The following characteristics of precedents were considered: degree of purification, initial concentration, temperature, presence of impurities, obtained product, material consumption, and energy consumption. All of these characteristics (in CBR attributes), except for the fourth and fifth, are given by numerical values with respective units of measurement and can be easily normalized. The presence of impurities and the product are categorical attributes with a certain set of values (classes).
One of the main problems in CBR was solved: the problem of choosing the type of indexes. A set of all input characteristics of the precedent as indices is suggested to be used for the proposed decision support system (DSS) for methods of cleaning gas emissions.
The first two phases of the CBR lifecycle use the k-nearest neighbor method to Retrieving and Reusing. The Euclidean metric is used to estimate the distances between precedents in the developed system. During the third and fourth phases of CBR, the intervention of the decision maker is provided. The process finishes with the adoption of the found solution and the possible storage of this solution in the base of use cases.
An intelligent decision-making system has been developed for the selection of methods for cleaning exhaust gases from sulfur and nitrogen oxides based on the method of inference by precedents (CBR), which has been done for the first time for such tasks of chemical technology.
An Evaluation of Adaptive Capability on Organizational Performance of Tier Two Commercial Banks in Kenya
Authors: Mweu Wambua Benjamin , Mung’ara Maria W. 
Published: July 2021

Banking sector rivalry has escalated which can be attributed to many factors including innovation, new legislation, problems caused by a global financial crisis, government regulations, among others that have resulted in increased competition in the banking sector. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of adaptive capability on the organizational performance of tier two commercial banks in Kenya. The study found that the application of adaptive capabilities in commercial banks in Kenya is influenced by mainly customer demands, staff expertise and the prevailing market trends. The study results show that there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between Adaptive Capability and performance in tier two banks. The study concluded that adaptive capability has a positive and significant relationship with performance in tier two banks. The research findings recommended that the employees should be fully involved in the decision-making process so that they can own up to the strategies being formulated by the top management.
Knee Arthroplasty in Klippel-Trénaunay Syndrome with 3-Dimensional–Printed Patient-Specific Instruments
Authors: Wang Xiaohua , Zhang Ke , Yuan Liang , Sun Bin , Yang Bin 
Published: July 2021

Case:
Using a multidisciplinary team approach, a cemented posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty was performed using 3-dimensional–printed patient-specific instruments (PSI) in a 34-year-old man with symptomatic end-stage knee osteoarthritis secondary to Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome (KTS). At 1-year follow-up, the patient was able to walk without pain and return to work.

Conclusion:
Knee arthroplasty is rare in patients with KTS. Compared with traditional instrumentation, PSI provides the benefit of minimal tissue dissection which can be advantageous in patients with altered anatomy such as KTS. Multidisciplinary cooperation is vital in terms of dealing with multiple comorbidities in KTS.
Development of Parsonage-Turner Syndrome After Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block Including 10-Year Follow-up
Authors: Parnes Nata , Dunn John C. , Perrine Jeff , Scanaliato John P. 
Published: July 2021

Case:
A 22-year-old female patient demonstrated physical examination findings of Parsonage-Turner syndrome (PTS) 5 days after left shoulder arthroscopic surgery with interscalene brachial plexus block. The diagnosis was confirmed with electrodiagnostic testing 2 weeks after surgery. Symptoms resolved spontaneously within 2 years with full return-to-preinjury sport and job activity. These outcomes were maintained at the 10-year follow-up.

Conclusions:
PTS should be considered in the differential diagnoses for any postsurgical neurological variations after upper extremity surgery under regional anesthesia.
Removal of Cr(III) From Water By Polyurethane Foam Incorporated With Green Liquor Dregs Waste
Authors: Schoeler Guilherme Pereira , Afonso Thays França , Delucis Rafael de Avila , Okeke Benedict C , Andreazza Robson 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Water bodies contaminated by heavy metals cause a series of severe environmental and health issues. Chromium compounds stand out as one of the main contaminants since they are widely used by several industries. The low efficiency of effluent treatment facilities and the expensive sanitation procedures needed to remove metals from the water lead to serious concerns about the water quality in Brazil. In this study, a rigid polyurethane foam incorporated with green liquor dregs waste was prepared by the free expansion method. The foam composite and its isolated phases were evaluated for removing Cr(III) from water. The isolated dregs removed 81.93% of the Cr(III), which yielded a removal capacity of 135.45 mg·g-1. Whereas, the foam composite displayed Cr(III) removal percentage and capacity of 36.15% and 58.50 mg·g-1, respectively. Results suggests that the hybrid material may be considered for selective removal and extraction of Cr(III) from contaminated water.
Cobb Angle Measurement Method of Scoliosis Based on U-net Network
Authors: Cui Jia-Li , Gao De-Dong , Shen Sheng-Jun , Wang Lin-Ze , Zhao Yan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Cobb angle is an important indicator for judging the severity of scoliosis. However, the segmentation and corner marking methods based on deep learning have problems such as target area segmentation and corner detection blur in the X-ray Cobb angle measurement. In this paper, a new convex hull algorithm to detect the corners and a mask generation strategy are proposed to improve the accuracy of Cobb angle recognition. On this basis, the Cobb angle measurement method is presented to identify and segment the target area based on U-net network, and then combine the new convex hull algorithm to detect corners and mask generation strategies. A total of 68 corner points were marked on 17 vertebrae, and the corner points detected by the markers were used to calculate the Cobb angle. The experimental results have proved that the U-net based measurement method could effectively improve the corner detection accuracy on the basis of segmentation, thereby reducing the calculation error of the Cobb angle. The Cobb mean absolute error (AMAE) is 9.2832°, and the symmetric mean absolute percentage error (SMAPE) is 21.675%, which achieved a relatively good result compared with the measurement by professional orthopaedist in error.
Separable Convolutional Neural Networks For Facial Expressions Recognition
Authors: Chowanda Andry 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Social interactions are important for us, human, as social creatures. Emotions play an important part in social interactions. They usually express meanings along with the spoken utterances to the interlocutors. Automatic facial expressions recognition is one technique to automatically capture, recognise, and understand emotions from the interlocutor. Many techniques proposed to increase the accuracy of emotions recognition from facial cues. Architecture such as convolutional neural networks demonstrates promising results for emotions recognition. However, most of the current models of convolutional neural networks require an enormous computational power to train and process emotional recognition. This research aims to build compact networks with depthwise separable layers while also maintaining performance. Three datasets and three other similar architectures were used to be compared to the proposed architecture. The results show that the proposed architecture performed the best among the other architectures. It achieved up to 13% better accuracy and 6-71% smaller and more compact than the other architectures. The best testing accuracy achieved by the architecture was 99.4%.
Regulation of Angiogenesis in Psoriasis by Dermal Mscs-Derived-EDIL3 via the Integrin Pathway
Authors: Niu Xuping , Han Qixin , Li Xinhua , Li Xiaofang , Li Juan , Liu Yanmin , Li Yan , Wu Yan , Zhang Kaiming 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
One of the earliest events in the development of psoriatic lesion is a vascular network expansion. The abnormal vascular network is associated with increased endothelial cells (ECs) survival, proliferation, adhesion, migration, angiogenesis and permeability in psoriatic lesion. Recently, researchers found that the dermal mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs) in psoriatic lesion involved in course of psoriasis. Our prior study demonstrated the mRNA and protein expression of the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeats and discoidin I-like domains 3 (EDIL3) which is an important angiogenic and anti-inflammatory mediator in DMSCs was significantly upregulated in psoriasis. So, this study aimed to explore the association between DMSCs-derived-EDIL3 and psoriasis-associated angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro. In the present study, we confirmed that in vitro DMSCs-derived-EDIL3 involved in the adhesion, migration and tube formation of ECs via integrin-FAK/MEK/ERK signaling. In vivo, this research found that after injected recombination EDIL3 protein, the epidermis thickness and microvessel density were both elevated in the IMQ-induced psoriasis-like mouse model. Based on these results, we suggested that the modification of DMSCs, EDIL3 and integrin signal pathway might be a novel therapeutic strategy for psoriasis.