bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A validated LC–MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of simvastatin and simvastatin acid in beagle plasma: Application to an absolute bioavailability study
Authors: Zhang Yu , He Jian , Tang Xiao , Zhang Zunjian , Tian Yuan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA highly sensitive LC–MS/MS method for simultaneous detection of both simvastatin (SV) and simvastatin acid (SVA) in beagle plasma was developed and successfully applied to an absolute bioavailability study. Lovastatin (LV) was used as internal standard (IS). The analysis was performed using electrospray ionization and selective reaction monitoring in positive mode at m/z 441.0 → 325.0 for SV, 459.0 → 343.0 for SVA and 427.0 → 325.0 for the IS, respectively. The assay procedure involved a simple liquid–liquid extraction of SV, SVA and LV from beagle plasma into methyl tert‐butyl ether. Separation of SV, SVA and the IS was achieved on a Shim‐pack VP‐ODS column (150 × 2.0 mm, 5 μm) with a binary gradient solvent system of 0.1% formic acid in water and methanol (15:85, v/v) as the mobile phase. The method was validated over the range of 0.25–500 ng/ml for SV (r2 ≥ 0.9923) and 0.24–481.23 ng/ml for SVA (r2 ≥ 0.9987). The results of method validation for accuracy, precision, extraction recovery, matrix effect and stability were within the acceptance criteria. The values of absolute bioavailability of SV and SVA in beagles were 2.97 and 25.40%, respectively. It is the first study developed for the measurement of absolute bioavailability of SV and SVA acid in beagles.
Improving Efficiency of Red Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitter by Introducing Quasi‐Degenerate Orbital Distribution
Authors: Yang Hao‐Yu , Zhang Ming , Zhao Jue‐Wen , Pu Chun‐Peng , Lin Hui , Tao Si‐Lu , Zheng Cai‐Jun , Zhang Xiao‐Hong 
Published: December 2021

Comprehensive SummaryRed thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters are essential for the development of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). To better understand and develop red TADF emitters, herein, the effect of quasi‐degenerate orbital distribution was investigated on their performance. Two red TADF emitters 10,10'‐(11,12‐difluorodibenzo[a,c]phenazine‐3,6‐diyl)bis(10H‐phenoxazine) (DPXZ‐BPF) and 10,10',10”‐(12‐fluorodibenzo[a,c]phenazine‐3,6,11‐triyl)tris(10H‐phenoxazine) (TPXZ‐BPF) were constructed by combining two or three phenoxazine (PXZ) donor units with a rigid coplanar acceptor core. As expected, a couple of PXZ units can induce quasi‐degenerate orbital distribution by virtue of the high steric hindrance between each donor unit and acceptor core, which enables multiple excited states engaged in the reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) process. Consequently, DPXZ‐BPF and TPXZ‐BPF exhibit fast RISC rates (kRISCs) of 1.07 × 106 s–1 and 1.29 × 106 s–1 and high PLQYs of 74.6% and 81.1%, respectively. And the higher kRISC and PLQY of TPXZ‐BPF are mainly attributed to the additional quasi‐degenerate orbitals, which further enhance the triplet RISC process and the singlet radiative process. As a result, TPXZ‐BPF‐based OLEDs achieved improved efficiencies with a red‐shifted emission compared with DPXZ‐BPF‐based OLEDs. These results demonstrated the tremendous potential of introducing quasi‐degenerate orbital distribution in developing red TADF emitters.
Digital stress management in cancer: Testing StressProffen in a 12‐month randomized controlled trial
Authors: Børøsund Elin , Ehlers Shawna L. , Clark Matthew M. , Andrykowski Michael A. , Cvancarova Småstuen Milada , Solberg Nes Lise 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUNDCognitive‐behavioral stress management interventions are associated with improved psychological well‐being for cancer survivors. The availability of, access to, and outreach of these in‐person interventions are limited, however. The current study, therefore, evaluated the efficacy of StressProffen, a digital application (app)–based stress management intervention for cancer survivors, in a 12‐month randomized controlled trial.METHODSCancer survivors 1 year or less after their treatment (N = 172) were randomized to the StressProffen intervention (n = 84) or a usual‐care control group (n = 88). The intervention was delivered in a simple blended care model: 1) 1 in‐person introduction session, 2) 10 app‐based cognitive‐behavioral stress management modules, and 3) 2 follow‐up phone calls. Stress (Perceived Stress Scale), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), self‐regulatory fatigue (Self‐Regulatory Fatigue 18), and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL; RAND‐36) were examined at the baseline and at 6 and 12 months. Generalized linear models for repeated measures were fitted to compare effects over time.RESULTSParticipants were mainly female (82%), had a mean age of 52 years (standard deviation, 11.3 years; range, 20‐78 years), and had a variety of cancer types (mostly breast cancer [48%]). Over the 12‐month study time, the intervention group reported significantly decreased stress (P < .001), depression (P = .003), and self‐regulatory fatigue (P = .002) as well as improved HRQOL (for 6 of 8 domains, P ≤ .015) in comparison with controls. The largest favored effects for the intervention group were observed at 6 months: stress (estimated mean difference [MD], –5.1; P < .001), anxiety (MD, –1.4; P = .015), depression (MD, –2.1; P < .001), self‐regulatory fatigue (MD, –4.9; P < .001), and HRQOL (7 of 8 domains; P ≤ .037).CONCLUSIONSDigital stress management interventions such as StressProffen have the potential to extend the outreach of psychological interventions and provide easily available and effective psychosocial support for cancer survivors.
Certain investigations on image segmentation algorithms on synthetic aperture radar images and classification using convolution neural network
Authors: G Srinitya , D Sharmila , S Logeswari , S Daniel Madan Raja 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSynthetic aperture radar (SAR) image segmentation is the most important step in detecting the land and sea areas in many applications like military in particular. This article experiments four prominent image segmentation algorithms on SAR images and we propose a hybrid method to segment SAR images, which shows better efficiency. First among them is OTSU thresholding method that segmented the image with less interest in the texture component. Further, adaptive thresholding, artificial bee colony segmentation, and wavelet transforms were experimented; wavelet transforms give better segmentation results compared to thresholding methods. In this article, wavelet along with masking threshold including segmentation method is proposed, which gives a better result based on texture and executes in almost the same time as other methods and the segmented images give better classification results using convolution neural network when compared to other methods.
CPHEN‐011: Comprehensive phenotyping of murine lung resident lymphocytes after recovery from pneumococcal pneumonia
Authors: Shenoy Anukul T. , Lyon De Ana Carolina , Barker Kimberly A. , Arafa Emad I. , Martin Ian M. C. , Mizgerd Joseph P. , Belkina Anna C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRecovery from pneumococcal (Spn) pneumonia induces development of tissue resident memory CD4+ TRM cells, BRM cells, and antibody secreting plasma cells in experienced lungs. These tissue resident lymphocytes confer protection against subsequent lethal challenge by serotype mismatched Spn (termed as heterotypic immunity). While traditional flow cytometry and gating strategies support premeditated identification of cells using a limited set of markers, discovery of novel tissue resident lymphocytes necessitates stable platforms that can handle larger sets of phenotypic markers and lends itself to unbiased clustering approaches. In this report, we leverage the power of full spectrum flow cytometry (FSFC) to develop a comprehensive panel of phenotypic markers that allows identification of multiple subsets of tissue resident lymphocytes in Spn‐experienced murine lungs. Using Phenograph algorithm on this multidimensional data, we identify unforeseen heterogeneity in lung resident adaptive immune landscape which includes unexpected subsets of TRM and BRM cells. Further, using conventional gating strategy informed by our unsupervised clustering data, we confirm their presence exquisitely in Spn‐experienced lungs as potentially relevant to heterotypic immunity and define CD73 as a highly expressed marker on TRM cells. Thus, our study emphasizes the utility of FSFC for confirmatory and discovery studies relating to tissue resident adaptive immunity.
Considering ecological determinants of youth mental health in the era of COVID‐19 and the Anthropocene: A call to action from young public health professionals
Authors: Oswald Tassia K. , Langmaid Georgia R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn 2019, young Australians reported that two of their top concerns were ‘climate change and the environment’ and ‘mental health’. The events of 2020/2021, such as the ongoing climate emergency, the Australian bushfires, and the COVID‐19 pandemic, reflect the human‐induced environmental issues young people are most worried about and have also exacerbated the mental health issues which they already reported to be at a crisis point back in 2019. Given experiences of mental illness in adolescence are associated with poorer mental health across the lifespan, it is becoming increasingly important to address ecological determinants of youth mental health in the Anthropocene. However, despite the inclusion of ecological determinants of health in seminal health promotion frameworks, health promotion has been described as ‘ecologically blind’, emphasising social determinants of health at the expense of ecological determinants of health. A socio‐ecological model, which equally considers upstream social and ecological factors, should be applied to youth mental health issues. Using the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, we demonstrate how the ecological determinants of health may be incorporated into health promotion approaches targeting youth mental health. We also call for the health promotion sector to consider a number of actions to work towards achieving a transition to ecological determinants of health being at the forefront of health promotion activities. This commentary, written by young public health professionals, hopes to build on the momentum garnered by youth activists around the world and bring attention to the importance of ecological determinants of health for youth mental health promotion in the era of COVID‐19 and the Anthropocene.
Interference chemically synthesized dsRNA decreased IL‐1β expression in PC12 cells and its functional implication
Authors: Dan Qi‐Qin , Xia Qing‐Jie , Wang Ting‐Hua 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveRNA interference (RNAi), a kind of gene silence, could regulate gene expression so as to be used as a useful technology for the treatment of disease. IL‐1β, a proinflammatory cytokine, plays a significant role in diverse diseases. This study aimed to explore the detailed protocol for the inhibition of IL‐ 1β, which is avaiable for its preclinic usage.MethodsWe used PC12 cells to explore the effective interference fragment of IL‐1β in vitro, and quantitative‐PCR (qPCR) was used to validate the expression of IL‐1β.ResultsThe transfection efficiency of IL‐1β was more than 90% with the concentration of 50nM and 80 nM qPCR, it showed the most effective interference fragment for IL‐1β in PC12 cells was F3, which may be useful to pre‐clinic trial in future.ConclusionPC12 cells were employed to screen the effective interference fragments for IL‐1β and confined the most effective interference fragment as F3 which could be served as the regulating agent of IL‐1β in future pre‐clinic trial.
Effect of sevoflurane inhalation on electrophysiology and ultrastructure of hippocampus in neonatal rats
Authors: Zhao Peng‐Cheng , Zhong Yuan‐Ping , Zhu Yu‐Hang , Yang Yang , Wu Zhen‐Yu , Jiang Jun‐Li , Gong Tao‐Wu , Zhu Zhao‐Qiong 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveThe hippocampal neuron electrophysiology and structure might be the basis of postoperative cognitive function‐related diseases after anesthesia. Here, we examined whether sevoflurane inhalation affected the electrophysiological and ultrastructural morphology of the hippocampal neurons.MethodsThe rats were randomly divided into the air/oxygen and Sevoflurane group (SEV group). The air/oxygen group inhaled carrier gas (1 L/min O2 + 1 L/min air) for 2 hours; The SEV group inhaled 3.4% sevoflurane & carrier gas for 2 hours. After that, the hippocampal electrophysiology signals were observed 1 week after anesthesia. Then, Transmission Electron Microscope was used to observe the neuron cell morphology, structures, and related synaptic morphology in hippocampi.ResultsCompared with the air/oxygen group, the numbers of spontaneous discharge and the values of maximum current significantly decreased in the SEV group, and the neuron cytoplasm edema and organelles also were damaged.ConclusionThe results showed that sevoflurane could weaken the electrophysiological signals of hippocampal neurons and damage the ultrastructure of neurons.
Construction of the gene network in the spinal cord injury treated by coptidis rhizoma based on network pharmacological and molecular docking
Authors: Wang Yi‐Bo , Wang Qiu‐Lin , Yuan Hao , Sai Min , Zuo Zhong‐Fu , Wang Tin‐Hua 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo explore the potential molecular network mechanism of coptidis rhizoma in the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI) based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology.MethodsThe compounds of coptidis rhizoma and therapeutic targets for SCI were predicted and screened from TCMSP. Genes related to SCI were searched in GeneCards. Protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and the key targets were screened. The drug‐component‐target‐pathway network was constructed. AutoDock software was used for molecular docking verification.ResultsFourteen compounds were screened from coptidis rhizoma, consisting of 148 potential targets, 133 of which were related to SCI. Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), cysteine aspartate protease 3 (Casp3), proto‐oncogene protein c‐Jun (Jun), cyclooxygenase 2 (Ptgs2), and proto‐oncogene protein c‐Myc (Myc) were constructed as an interaction network. The biological processes involved in the treatment of SCI by coptidis rhizoma mainly include adenylate cyclase‐inhibiting G protein‐coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway, etc. The results of molecular docking showed that the main active components in Coptis chinensis had a stable binding activity with the core target.ConclusionThe treatment of SCI by coptidis rhizoma involves multiple targets, to promote neuronal survival, inhibit nerve cells apoptosis, in the process of SCI, which is useful to understand the mechanism of coptidis rhizoma for the treatment of SCI in future clinical applications.
Neurological recovery and efficacy of posterior per‐cutaneous pedicle internal fixation combined with full‐endoscopic debridement and intravertebral bone grafting in the treatment of thoracolumbar tuberculosis
Authors: Wang Zheng‐Meng , Yuan Hao , He Qing , Cao Guang‐Ru , Chen Tai‐Yong , Kong Wei‐Jun , Ao Jun , Xin Zhi‐Jun , Cai Yu‐Qiang 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundThe traditional open surgery in the treatment of spinal tuberculosis has the disadvantages of greater trauma, with more intraoperative bleeding and long postoperative hospitalization days. With the development of minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) and spinal endoscopic systems, the minimally invasive spine surgery technique was increasingly being used by surgeons because it minimizes trauma, and patients experience faster recovery. The purpose of this study was to discuss the efficacy and clear indications of this treatment.MethodsThe clinical data of thirty‐one patients with thoracolumbar tuberculosis treated by posterior percutaneous pedicle screw fixation combined with full‐endoscopic debridement and intravertebral bone grafting were analyzed retrospectively. The preoperative and postoperative imaging manifestations and clinical results were compared, and the postoperative complications were observed with a follow‐up for more than 1 year.ResultsCompared with values before the operation, the visual analogue scale (VAS) score and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score were significantly decreased at 3 months after operation and at the last follow‐up. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) level were decreased at 3 months after surgery and at the last follow‐up, and no significant reduction was observed in the Cobb angle at 3 months after operation or at the last follow‐up. In addition, imaging examinations showed that the necrotic material in vertebral bodies was adequately resected.ConclusionOne‐stage percutaneous pedicle screw fixation combined with full‐endoscopic focus debridement and intravertebral bone grafting can achieve the purpose of removing the focus of thoracolumbar tuberculosis, restoring neurological function, and reconstructing spinal stability. It was a safe and feasible surgical method and its surgical indications were clarified.
SNAP25 protects primary cortical neurons from hypoxic‐ischemic injury associated with CREB signal
Authors: Jin Yuan , Zhang Chao , Fang Xu , Fang Chang‐Le , Chen Jie , Du Ruo‐Lan , Hu Qiao , Dong Liang , Zhu Zhao‐Qiong , Wang Ting‐Hua 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundHypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) could induce exacerbated changes and unpredictable effects in brain cells, and the mechanism remains unclear.MethodsHIE model was established in neonatal rats, Zea‐Longa score and TTC staining were used to observe the neurobehavior and brain infarct volume in rats subjected to cerebral hypoxia‐ischemia (HI). Primary cortical neurons were then cultured in vitro to establish an oxygen and glucose deprivation model. To determine the role of synaptosomal‐associated protein‐25 (SNAP25) in HIE, PC12 cells were cultured and effective siRNA fragments were screened, and SNAP25 was transfected into primary neurons. Then, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA expression level and immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the morphological changes of neurons before and after the injury. Finally, the abundance values of SNAP25 and its associated genes were filtered using the NCBI and GeneMANIA, respectively.ResultsHI leads to a decrease in neuronal number and an increase in SNAP25 expression. Whereas, the interference of SNAP25 caused marked decrease in neuronal number and the length of neurite. Moreover, the expression levels of CREB and SYP were significantly decreased after interference of SNAP25.ConclusionSNAP25 exhibited several neuroprotective effects to neuronal protection in neonatal cerebral HI by regulating CREB and SYP.
Discoveries of the specific expression of lncRNAs and mRNAs in hippocampus of rats after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Li Juan , Pan Yuan‐Tao , Chen Jun‐Jie , Wang Yi , Zhou Hong‐Su , Huang Xue‐Yan , Liao Shi‐Xia 
Published: December 2021

ObjectsExplore the relationship between the neural function deficit and the changes of lncRNA and mRNA in hippocampus after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats.MethodsTwenty male rats weighted 200‐240 grams were randomly divided into sham group and TBI group. Neurologic severity score (NSS) was performed after operation, and the hippocampus of rats was collected for long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), mRNAs microarray detection, real‐time quantitative PCR Detecting System (Q‐PCR), western blot (WB) detection, and serum biochemical detection.ResultsThe NSS score of the TBI group was significantly higher than the sham group. Compared with the sham group, 270 lncRNAs changed in the TBI group, of which 224 were up‐regulated and 46 were down‐regulated. Among up‐regulated lncRNAs, mRNAs were distributed in upstream of 22 lncRNAs, downstream of 17 lncRNAs, overlapping regions of 48 lncRNAs, and antisense chains of 21 lncRNAs. Among down‐regulated lncRNAs, mRNAs were distributed in upstream of 6 lncRNAs, downstream of 3 lncRNAs, overlapping regions of 10 lncRNAs, and antisense chains of 8 lncRNAs. Compared with the sham group, 1054 mRNA changed in the TBI group, of which 921 mRNA were up‐regulated and 133 mRNA were down‐regulated. The expression changes of ENSRNOT000063054, ENSRNOT000052790, ENSRNOT00000054410, ENSRNOT000063242, and ENSRNOT000069411 IncRNA regulate the expression of Top2a, RT1‐CE11, Papss2, Stk32a, and Grid2 gene.ConclusionThe present study detected the differential expression of lncRNAs and mRNAs in hippocampi of rats subjected to TBI, and discussed their relation, primarily.
A cohort study on the relationship between education level and high‐risk population of stroke
Authors: Yu Yan‐Yan , Lei Dan , He Qiong , Chen Wei 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between education level and high‐risk population among stroke screening populations in Zunyi City, China.MethodsThe cluster sampling method was adopted to collect the medical history, laboratory examinations and physical examinations for the permanent residents of Zunyi City, Guizhou Province. Taking education level as a key socioeconomic status (SES) indicator, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors of high‐risk groups with different education levels.ResultsAmong the included 4149 subjects, 494 were in the high‐risk group and 3655 were in the non‐high‐risk group. The proportion of the high‐risk population with education level ≥ high secondary school (8.7%) was significantly higher than that of the low‐risk population. After adjusting for age, gender, and BMI, the OR of those with education leve l ≥ high secondary school was 2.8 (95% CI 1.9‐4.2), which was significantly higher than those with education level of illiterate/primary school. In the model adjusted for all confounding factors, compared with illiterate/primary school, people with education level ≥ high secondary school were more likely to be at high risk of stroke (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.9‐4.6).ConclusionEducation level ≥ high secondary school is an independent influencing factor for the high‐risk population of stroke in Zunyi, which may be related to smoking and lipid metabolism abnormalities of people with high education level. Key interventions for high‐risk populations with high education levels may have positive significance in reducing the incidence of stroke.
Regulation of ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction by nitric oxide leading to resistance against Alternaria alternata in Hami melon
Authors: Wei Jia , Zhang Zheng , Zhang Ping , Wu Bin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDHami melons are tasty and nutritive, but susceptibility to the fungus Alternaria alternata is one of the main problems leading to the postharvest loss of this fruit. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of nitric oxide (NO) on regulation of ethylene biosynthesis as well as signal transduction against black spot disease caused by A. alternata in the Hami melon.RESULTSNitric oxide reduced the growth of lesion diameter and lesion depth in melons inoculated with A. alternata. Ethylene production was significantly inhibited by NO, which was supported by the reduction of 1‐aminocyclopropene‐1‐carboxylate (ACC) synthase (ACS) activity and the deferment of ACC content and ACC oxidase (ACO) activity. Nitric oxide treatment also significantly regulated the expression of four ethylene biosynthesis genes CmACS1, CmACS2, CmACO1, and CmACO2, and eight signal ethylene transduction genes CmETR1, CmETR2, CmCTR1, CmEIN2, CmEIL1, CmEBF1, CmERF1B and CmERF2. The modes of NO regulating these genes can be divided into five categories: promotion (CmEIN2, and CmEIL1), delay (CmACS1, CmETR2, CmCTR1 and CmERF2), up‐regulation (CmETR1, CmEBF1 and CmERF1B), down‐regulation (CmACS2), and first inhibition and then induction (CmACO1 and CmACO2).CONCLUSIONThe NO treatment enhanced the postharvest disease resistance of Hami melon attacked by A. alternata, possibly by postponing ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.