bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the alignment between the bottom-up and top-down objectives of a landscape-scale conservation initiative
Authors: Mc Culloch-Jones Samantha , Novellie Peter , Roux Dirk J , Currie Bianca 
Published: October 2021

SummaryGlobally, there is a trend towards conserving biodiversity by promoting co-management with multiple stakeholders at landscape scales. Environmental policies emphasize stakeholder engagement in decision-making, yet landscape conservation is typically a bureaucratic–scientific endeavour. Building trusting relationships with stakeholders is key to negotiations that minimize trade-offs and maximize synergies. Incorporating shared stakeholder objectives improves co-management, as they act as incentives for participation and trust development. We explored the degree of alignment between the bottom-up stakeholder objectives and top-down management objectives of a landscape-scale conservation initiative on the West Coast of South Africa. We categorized stakeholders into six affiliations representing governmental, private and community organizations, and using a social-ecological inventory we identified ten shared objectives. Of these objectives, three were shared between all affiliations, namely biodiversity conservation, socioeconomic development and coordination of the landscape approach. The first two aligned with the top-down landscape management objectives and the latter did not. The importance of coordinating landscape approaches in multi-stakeholder landscape-scale initiatives is crucial to long-term success, and we recommend that it be formally included as a landscape management objective. Exploring the alignment between bottom-up and top-down objectives can highlight overlooked functions of co-management and can reduce the transaction costs of sustaining conservation efforts in the long term.
Validating a risk assessment tool in United Kingdom and Irish paediatric cardiac catheterisation practice
Authors: O’Callaghan Barry , Shepherd Emma , Taliotis Demetris , Bentham James , Kenny Damien , Smith Benjamin , Franco Salvador Rodriguez , Morgan Gareth J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground:No established risk prediction tool exists in United Kingdom and Irish Paediatric Cardiology practice for patients undergoing cardiac catheterisation. The Catheterisation RISk score for Paediatrics is used primarily in North American practice to assess risk prior to cardiac catheterisation. Validating the utility and transferability of such a tool in practice provides the opportunity to employ an already established risk assessment tool in everyday practice.Aims:To ascertain whether the Catheterisation RISk score for Paediatrics assessment tool can accurately predict complications within United Kingdom and Irish congenital catheterisation practice.Methods:Clinical and procedural data including National Institute for Cardiovascular Outcomes Research derived outcome data from 1500 patients across five large congenital cardiology centres in the United Kingdom and Ireland were retrospectively collected. Catheterisation RISk score for Paediatrics were then calculated for each case and compared with the observed procedural outcomes. Chi-square analysis was used to determine the relationship between observed and predicted events.Results:Ninety-eight (6.6%) patients in this study experienced a significant complication as qualified by National Institute for Cardiovascular Outcomes Research classification. 4% experienced a moderate complication, 2.3% experienced a major complication and 0.3% experienced a catastrophic complication resulting in death. Calculated Catheterisation RISk score for Paediatrics scores correlated well with all observed adverse events for paediatric patients across all CRISP categories. The association was also transferable to adult congenital heart disease patients in lower Catheterisation RISk score for Paediatrics categories (CRISP 1–3).Conclusion:The Catheterisation RISk score for Paediatrics score accurately predicts significant complications in congenital catheterisation practice in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Our data validated the Catheterisation RISk score for Paediatrics assessment tool in five congenital centres using National Institute for Cardiovascular Outcomes Research-derived outcome data.
Design of frequency reconfigurable planar antenna using artificial neural network
Authors: Kaur Navneet , Sivia Jagtar Singh , Rajni  
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the design of frequency reconfigurable planar antenna by incorporation of metasurface superstrate (FRPA-MSS) is presented using an artificial neural network. The dual-layer radiating structure is created on a 1.524 mm thick Rogers RO4350B substrate board (εr = 3.48, tan δ = 0.0037). The candidate antenna is designed and analyzed using a high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) tool. The transfer matrix method is employed for the successful retrieval of electromagnetic properties of the metamaterial. Frequency reconfiguration is achieved by placing the metasurface superstrate onto the rectangular patch antenna. A simplified ANN approach has been employed for the design of metasurface incorporated proposed antenna. Presented prototypes are characterized through experimental measurements. It is found from the practical observations that the proposed antenna effectively reconfigures the tuning range from 5.03 to 6.13 GHz. Moreover, the presented antenna operates efficiently with agreeable gain, good impedance matching, and stable pattern characteristics across the entire operational bandwidth. The experimental results obtained validate the simulated performance.
Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: Concepts, Computations, and Some Common Confusions
Authors: Igartua Juan-José , Hayes Andrew F. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This work provides a conceptual introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis in psychological research. We discuss the concepts of direct effect, indirect effect, total effect, conditional effect, conditional direct effect, conditional indirect effect, and the index of moderated mediation index, while providing our perspective on certain analysis and interpretation confusions that sometimes arise in practice in this journal and elsewhere, such as reliance on the causal steps approach and the Sobel test in mediation analysis, misinterpreting the regression coefficients in a model that includes a product of variables, and subgroups mediation analysis rather than conditional process analysis when exploring whether an indirect effect depends on a moderator. We also illustrate how to conduct various analyses that are the focus of this paper with the freely-available PROCESS procedure available for SPSS, SAS, and R, using data from an experimental investigation on the effectiveness of personal or testimonial narrative messages in improving intergroup attitudes.
The Regional Importance of Oxygen Demand and Supply for Historical Ocean Oxygen Trends
Authors: Buchanan Pearse James , Tagliabue Alessandro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOcean deoxygenation is an emerging hazard for marine ecosystems and a fingerprint of anthropogenic change. Interior ocean oxygen concentrations respond to changes in ventilation that supply oxygen and the demand of biogeochemical processes that consume oxygen. A better understanding of their regional importance would improve confidence in Earth System Model projections, which underpin ecosystem risk and vulnerability assessments. Using a hindcast reanalysis simulation, we find that oxygen trends between 1975 and 2014 in low‐oxygen zones along eastern margins are strongly affected by biogeochemical processes that alter oxygen demand, while oxygen‐rich regions of the open ocean are driven by ventilation changes. A similar regional distinction emerges among CMIP6 Earth System Models. Therefore, while biogeochemical functioning is an important source of uncertainty in low‐latitude, low‐oxygen regions, uncertainty in global trends is due to insufficient physical supply changes in Earth System Models, which is confirmed using repeat hydrographic section data in the southern mid‐latitudes.
Unheard Voices: Underrepresented Families Perspectives of Pediatric Palliative Care
Authors: Sample Erika , Mikulic Chris , Christian-Brandt Allison 
Published: October 2021

Objective: Each year, half a million families cope with pediatric life-threatening illness in the United States. While research on pediatric palliative care (PPC) is growing, literature focusing on caregivers and patients who identify as Black, indigenous, or people of color (BIPOC) is limited. Given disproportionate experiences of health care disparities among BIPOC families, further exploration of these families’ perspectives of PPC is imperative to improving health equity. The present topical review summarizes existing literature on BIPOC family experiences of PPC in order to inform current clinical practice and future research. Methods: Searches were conducted on databases including PubMed and PsycInfo, using the keywords pediatric palliative care, race, and ethnicity. Results: Based on available literature, regardless of ethnicity/race, families commonly identify clinician communication and management of patient pain as critical and desired components of PPC; however, research among BIPOC families suggests unmet needs across these domains as well as the need for improved physician cultural sensitivity. Conclusions: Existing PPC research among BIPOC families suggests unmet needs across domains, as well as the importance of attention to family culture and values. We conclude by providing recommendations for a culturally sensitive, family-centered approach to PPC; in addition to future mixed-methods research recommendations focusing on the experiences of BIPOC families. Implications for Impact Statement Literature has found that families commonly identify communication and pain management as key aspects of effective PPC, regardless of ethnic–racial background; however, BIPOC families additionally note the importance of cultural sensitivity with regards to their care. This review highlights the importance of culturally sensitive PPC and provides research and clinical recommendations for providing care from this inclusive approach.
Parents’ Own Words: Adjustment and Coping Following Infant Death in the NICU
Authors: Clark Olivia E. , Fortney Christine A. , Dunnells Zackery D. O. , Winning Adrien M. , Gerhardt Cynthia A. , Baughcum Amy E. 
Published: October 2021

Objective: Research demonstrates the death of a child can be particularly traumatic for parents with long-lasting effects, yet the impact of losing an infant in the NICU remains understudied. This article aims to examine parent perceptions of emotional, social, occupational, familial, and physical impacts of their infant’s death in the NICU and to provide insight into the psychosocial needs of parents at this difficult time. Method: Twenty-nine mothers and 16 fathers representing 30 infants who died in a large, Midwestern, Level IV NICU, opted-in to interviews as part of a larger pilot study. Mothers and fathers participated an average of 38.45 ( SD = 16.73, range = 3–70) and 37.06 ( SD = 6.91, range = 3–62) months after death, respectively, and answered questions pertaining to the impact of infant loss. Three researchers used content analysis to produce themes describing the impact of infant loss on parents. Results: Parents described both negative and positive effects, underscoring both risk and resilience associated with bereavement. Findings highlight several similarities with families who experience the death of an older child, as well as some shared experiences between mothers and fathers. Results highlight both pain and growth in NICU parents following the death of their infant. Conclusions: Providers must thoughtfully incorporate family-centered communication, education, and preparation regarding bereavement, both as end of life approaches and following the death. Care should not conclude with the death but should continue to support parents and families as they navigate long-term grieving processes. Implications for Impact Statement Parents describe both positive and negative changes in their lives as a result of their infant’s death in the NICU, including occupational, social, emotional, and health-related changes. Parents also note differing grief trajectories and use of both formal and informal coping strategies. These findings reflect both pain and growth from their experience and highlights value of long-term bereavement care which may involve parent input, pediatric psychologists, and palliative care providers.
Exogenous miRNAs induce post-transcriptional gene silencing in plants
Authors: Betti Federico , Ladera-Carmona Maria Jose , Weits Daan A. , Ferri Gianmarco , Iacopino Sergio , Novi Giacomo , Svezia Benedetta , Kunkowska Alicja B. , Santaniello Antonietta , Piaggesi Alberto , Loreti Elena , Perata Pierdomenico 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPlants seem to take up exogenous RNA that was artificially designed to target specific genes, followed by activation of the RNA interference (RNAi) machinery. It is, however, not known whether plants use RNAs themselves as signalling molecules in plant-to-plant communication, other than evidence that an exchange of small RNAs occurs between parasitic plants and their hosts. Exogenous RNAs from the environment, if taken up by some living organisms, can indeed induce RNAi. This phenomenon has been observed in nematodes and insects, and host Arabidopsis cells secrete exosome-like extracellular vesicles to deliver plant small RNAs into Botrytis cinerea. Here we show that micro-RNAs (miRNAs) produced by plants act as signalling molecules affecting gene expression in other, nearby plants. Exogenous miRNAs, such as miR156 and miR399, trigger RNAi via a mechanism requiring both AGO1 and RDR6. This emphasizes that the production of secondary small interfering RNAs is required. This evidence highlights the existence of a mechanism in which miRNAs represent signalling molecules that enable communication between plants.
Structure of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus in complex with the LDLRAD3 receptor
Authors: Basore Katherine , Ma Hongming , Kafai Natasha M. , Mackin Samantha , Kim Arthur S. , Nelson Christopher A. , Diamond Michael S. , Fremont Daved H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLDLRAD3 is a recently defined attachment and entry receptor for Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV)1, a New World alphavirus that causes severe neurological disease in humans. Here we present near-atomic-resolution cryo-electron microscopy reconstructions of VEEV virus-like particles alone and in a complex with the ectodomains of LDLRAD3. Domain 1 of LDLRAD3 is a low-density lipoprotein receptor type-A module that binds to VEEV by wedging into a cleft created by two adjacent E2–E1 heterodimers in one trimeric spike, and engages domains A and B of E2 and the fusion loop in E1. Atomic modelling of this interface is supported by mutagenesis and anti-VEEV antibody binding competition assays. Notably, VEEV engages LDLRAD3 in a manner that is similar to the way that arthritogenic alphaviruses bind to the structurally unrelated MXRA8 receptor, but with a much smaller interface. These studies further elucidate the structural basis of alphavirus–receptor interactions, which could inform the development of therapies to mitigate infection and disease against multiple members of this family.
The cellular environment shapes the nuclear pore complex architecture
Authors: Schuller Anthony P. , Wojtynek Matthias , Mankus David , Tatli Meltem , Kronenberg-Tenga Rafael , Regmi Saroj G. , Dip Phat V. , Lytton-Jean Abigail K. R. , Brignole Edward J. , Dasso Mary , Weis Karsten , Medalia Ohad , Schwartz Thomas U. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNuclear pore complexes (NPCs) create large conduits for cargo transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm across the nuclear envelope (NE)1–3. These multi-megadalton structures are composed of about thirty different nucleoporins that are distributed in three main substructures (the inner, cytoplasmic and nucleoplasmic rings) around the central transport channel4–6. Here we use cryo-electron tomography on DLD-1 cells that were prepared using cryo-focused-ion-beam milling to generate a structural model for the human NPC in its native environment. We show that—compared with previous human NPC models obtained from purified NEs—the inner ring in our model is substantially wider; the volume of the central channel is increased by 75% and the nucleoplasmic and cytoplasmic rings are reorganized. Moreover, the NPC membrane exhibits asymmetry around the inner-ring complex. Using targeted degradation of Nup96, a scaffold nucleoporin of the cytoplasmic and nucleoplasmic rings, we observe the interdependence of each ring in modulating the central channel and maintaining membrane asymmetry. Our findings highlight the inherent flexibility of the NPC and suggest that the cellular environment has a considerable influence on NPC dimensions and architecture.
Development, evaluation of the PNA RT-LAMP assay for rapid molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Bat-Ochir Chinbayar , Kim Yeon-Sook , Kim Han Gyeul , Lee Si Seok , Lee Han Woo , Park Hee Kyung 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDual-labeled PNA probe used RT-LAMP molecular rapid assay targeting SARS-CoV-2 ORF1ab and N genes was developed, and the analytical, clinical performances for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA extracted from clinical nasopharyngeal swab specimens were evaluated in this study. Data showed that this assay is highly specific for SARS-CoV-2, and the absolute detection limit is 1 genomic copy per microliter of viral RNA which can be considered to be comparable to gold-standard molecular diagnostic method real-time reverse transcriptase PCR. Both clinical sensitivity and specificity against a commercial real-time RT-PCR assay were determined as identical. In conclusion, the PNA RT-LAMP assay showed high analytical and clinical accuracy which are identical to real-time RT-PCR which has been routinely used for the detection of SARS-CoV-2.
Enhanced super-resolution microscopy by extreme value based emitter recovery
Authors: Ma Hongqiang , Jiang Wei , Xu Jianquan , Liu Yang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSuper-resolution localization microscopy allows visualization of biological structure at nanoscale resolution. However, the presence of heterogeneous background can degrade the nanoscale resolution by tens of nanometers and introduce significant image artifacts. Here we investigate and validate an efficient approach, referred to as extreme value-based emitter recovery (EVER), to accurately recover the distorted fluorescent emitters from heterogeneous background. Through numerical simulation and biological experiments, we validated the accuracy of EVER in improving the fidelity of the reconstructed super-resolution image for a wide variety of imaging characteristics. EVER requires no manual adjustment of parameters and has been implemented as an easy-to-use ImageJ plugin that can immediately enhance the quality of reconstructed super-resolution images. This method is validated as an efficient way for robust nanoscale imaging of samples with heterogeneous background fluorescence, such as thicker tissue and cells.
An innovative ovine model of severe cardiopulmonary failure supported by veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Heinsar Silver , Jung Jae-Seung , Colombo Sebastiano Maria , Rozencwajg Sacha , Wildi Karin , Sato Kei , Ainola Carmen , Wang Xiaomeng , Abbate Gabriella , Sato Noriko , Dyer Wayne Bruce , Livingstone Samantha Annie , Pimenta Leticia Pretti , Bartnikowski Nicole , Bouquet Mahe Jeannine Patricia , Passmore Margaret , Vidal Bruno , Palmieri Chiara , Reid Janice D. , Haqqani Haris M. , McGuire Daniel , Wilson Emily Susan , Rätsep Indrek , Lorusso Roberto , Suen Jacky Y. , Bassi Gianluigi Li , Fraser John F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRefractory cardiogenic shock (CS) often requires veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) to sustain end-organ perfusion. Current animal models result in heterogenous cardiac injury and frequent episodes of refractory ventricular fibrillation. Thus, we aimed to develop an innovative, clinically relevant, and titratable model of severe cardiopulmonary failure. Six sheep (60 ± 6 kg) were anaesthetized and mechanically ventilated. VA-ECMO was commenced and CS was induced through intramyocardial injections of ethanol. Then, hypoxemic/hypercapnic pulmonary failure was achieved, through substantial decrease in ventilatory support. Echocardiography was used to compute left ventricular fractional area change (LVFAC) and cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) was quantified. After 5 h, the animals were euthanised and the heart was retrieved for histological evaluations. Ethanol (58 ± 23 mL) successfully induced CS in all animals. cTnI levels increased near 5000-fold. CS was confirmed by a drop in systolic blood pressure to 67 ± 14 mmHg, while lactate increased to 4.7 ± 0.9 mmol/L and LVFAC decreased to 16 ± 7%. Myocardial samples corroborated extensive cellular necrosis and inflammatory infiltrates. In conclusion, we present an innovative ovine model of severe cardiopulmonary failure in animals on VA-ECMO. This model could be essential to further characterize CS and develop future treatments.
Effect of body mass index on the association between alcohol consumption and the development of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Hashimoto Yusaku , Imaizumi Takahiro , Kato Sawako , Yasuda Yoshinari , Ishimoto Takuji , Kawashiri Hiroaki , Hori Akihiro , Maruyama Shoichi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe influence of body mass or metabolic capacity on the association between alcohol consumption and lower risks of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not fully elucidated. We examined whether the body mass index (BMI) affects the association between drinking alcohol and CKD. We defined CKD as an estimated glomerular filtration rate decline < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and/or positive proteinuria (≥ 1+). Participants were 11,175 Japanese individuals aged 40–74 years without baseline CKD who underwent annual health checkups. Daily alcohol consumption at baseline was estimated using a questionnaire, and the participants were categorized as “infrequent (occasionally, rarely or never),” “light (< 20 g/day),” “moderate (20–39 g/day),” and “heavy (≥ 40 g/day).” Over a median 5-year observation period, 936 participants developed CKD. Compared with infrequent drinkers, light drinkers were associated with low CKD risks; adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 0.81 (0.69–0.95). Stratified by BMI (kg/m2), moderate drinkers in the low (< 18.5), normal (18.5–24.9), and high (≥ 25.0) BMI groups had adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 3.44 (1.60–7.42), 0.75 (0.58–0.98), and 0.63 (0.39–1.04), respectively. Taken together, the association between alcohol consumption and CKD incidence was not the same in all the individuals, and individual tolerance must be considered.