bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Speech-Language Pathologists' Practice Patterns When Designing Home Practice Programs for Persons With Aphasia: A Survey
Authors: Donoso Brown Elena V. , Wallace Sarah E. , Liu Qianwen 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
We aimed to describe the current practices of speech-language pathologists regarding the creation and implementation of home practice programs for persons with poststroke aphasia.

Method
Survey participants were American Speech-Language-Hearing Association–certified speech-language pathologists, had 30% of their caseload include persons with aphasia, and had recently created at least two home programs for persons with aphasia. Respondents completed a web-based survey on home program creation, training, technology, and methods for tracking adherence with closed and open-ended questions.

Results

We analyzed 80 complete surveys. Most of the participants (
n
= 56) created home programs for greater than 75% of their caseload. Common interventions in home programs addressed functional practice and spoken expression. Participants describe instructional techniques including building skill practice in daily routines and guided practice. Applications of technology and formal mechanisms to monitor adherence were less frequently reported. Various factors were identified as facilitators and barriers to home program creation with environmental support from others and client factors (i.e., motivation, impairments) most evident.

Conclusions
This study provides insight into speech-language pathologists' home program creation and implementation. Results can be used to consider mechanisms to improve use of and adherence to home programs to further support recovery.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16840204
Evaluation of the Effect of Various Antioxidants on the Shear Bond Strength of the Composite Resin to the Bleached Enamel: An In Vitro study
Authors: Jain Somya , Jindal Neetu , Agarwal Renu , Raju Ajisha , Bansal Shallu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective Various intrinsic and extrinsic stains cause discolored teeth, which is of great concern to patients, which can be treated by bleaching, enamel microabrasion, veneers, and crowns. However, bleaching leads to reduced bond strength if adhesive restorations are performed immediately.Thus, the application of antioxidant agents after bleaching has been recommended, which are proved to act as free radical scavengers, improving the bond strength.
Materials and Methods A total of 120 extracted human maxillary incisor teeth were taken. Using a slow-speed diamond saw and a water coolant spray, the roots of all the teeth were removed approximately 2 mm below the cementoenamel junction. With the labial surface facing upward, each sectioned sample was embedded in the acrylic resin. Then, the central portion of the embedded tooth was ground flattened with 600-grit silicon carbide paper such that the labial enamel surface becomes smooth and evenly flat.All 120 samples were divided into two control groups (n = 20), i.e., positive control group (n = 10) and negative control group (n = 10) and five experimental groups (n = 100), such that each experimental group had 20 samples.The enamel surface in both the control groups and groups treated with antioxidants was thoroughly rinsed off with distilled water for 30 seconds and subjected to bonding procedure.
Result Significant differences were observed among the experimental groups (p < 0.05). The samples that were treated with 10% sodium ascorbate (group III) demonstrated significantly higher mean shear bond strength than the other experimental groups (p < 0.05).
Comprehensive diastolic exercise stress echocardiography in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Varga A , Peteiro J , Ciampi Q , Rodriguez-Zanella H , Simova I , Zagatina A , Arbucci R , Celutkiene J , Camarozano A.C , Agoston G , D Andrea A , Merli E , Dekleva M , Picano E ,   Stress Echo 2020–2030 study group of the Italian Society of Echocardiography and Cardiovascular Imaging (SIECVI)
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
In heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), diastolic exercise stress echocardiography (ESE) is currently recommended with E/e' and systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) from tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity (TRV).

Purpose
To evaluate conventional and advanced ESE parameters in patients with HFpEF.

Methods
We prospectively screened 124 patients with suspected HFpEF (dyspnea, resting EF &gt;50%, increased natriuretic peptide levels) and HFA-PEFF score ≥1. Of these 124, 10 patients were excluded for history of coronary artery disease, 3 for severe mitral regurgitation (MR), 12 for inducible ischemia. The final study population consisted of 99 patients (mean age 63±7 yrs, 57 females). All underwent ESE, with semi-supine bike (n=35), upright bike (n=20) or treadmill (n=44 patients) in 11 accredited labs from 9 countries (Argentina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Mexico, Russia and Spain). In addition to E/e' average (abnormal stress response ≥15 units) and TRV (abnormal stress response &gt;3.4 m/s), we measured 8 additional criteria: B-lines (4-site simplified scan, abnormal stress value ≥2); cardiac index (CI) reserve (increase from rest to stress, abnormal &lt;1.63 l/min/m2), ejection fraction (EF, abnormal increase &lt;5%), global longitudinal strain (GLS, abnormal increase &lt;2%), end-diastolic volume (EDV, abnormal stress &lt; rest); heart rate reserve (HRR, abnormal &lt;1.80); left atrial volume index, (LAVI, abnormal increase &gt;6.8 ml/m2); MR (abnormal, stress value more than mild).

Results
Technical success rate during stress ranged from 100% for B-lines to 75% for GLS: see Table. At individual criteria analysis, positivity rate in interpretable studies ranged from 67% of HRR to 10% of peak MR: see table. At individual patient analysis, an abnormal response in 1 ESE criterion occurred in 4 pts (4%), of 2 to 4 criteria in 71 pts (72%) and of ≥5 criteria in 24 (24%).

Conclusion
In suspected HFpEF, ESE is helpful in the screening phase to identify extra-diastolic causes of dyspnea such as myocardial ischemia or severe MR. In the diagnostic phase, a comprehensive ESE captures the functional heterogeneity of HFpEF, with variable association of multiple phenotypes, the most frequent represented by reduced chronotropic, cardiac or contractile reserve and pulmonary congestion.

Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
Managing diabetes and hypertension in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Mead Daniel , Dinh Nhan , Wentworth Danielle , Thomas Sofia , Suthar Meera 
Published: October 2021

Abstract:
Since 2020, several guidelines have been published to help health practitioners better manage hypertension and diabetes in patients with chronic kidney disease. Scrutiny on the inclusion of race in determining the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) as well as breakthrough research regarding the drug dapagliflozin for the treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease are discussed.
Methods Used to Generate Consensus Statements for Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Thompson Jeremy C. , Pinter Zachariah W. , Honig Rachel , Tomov Marko N. , Currier Bradford L. , Elder Benjamin D. , Freedman Brett A. , Bydon Mohamad , Sebastian Arjun S. 
Published: October 2021

Study Design:
This was a research methodology study.

Objective:
This review discusses the most commonly utilized consensus group methodologies for formulating clinical practice guidelines and current methods for accessing rigorous up-to-date clinical practice guidelines.

Summary of Background Data:
In recent years, clinical practice guidelines for the management of several conditions of the spine have emerged to provide clinicians with evidence-based best-practices. Many of these guidelines are used routinely by administrators, payers, and providers to determine the high-quality and cost-effective surgical practices. Most of these guidelines are formulated by consensus groups, which employ methodologies that are unfamiliar to most clinicians.

Methods:
An extensive literature review was performed. The literature was then summarized in accordance with the authors’ clinical experience.

Results:
The Nominal Group Technique, Delphi method, and RAND-UCLA Appropriateness Model are 3 commonly utilized consensus group methodologies employed in the creation of clinical practice guidelines. Each of these methodologies has inherent advantages and disadvantages, is dependent on rigorously performed systematic reviews and meta-analyses to inform the panel of experts, and can be used to answer challenging clinical questions that remain unanswered due to a paucity of class I evidence.

Conclusions:
This review highlights the most commonly utilized consensus group methodologies and informs spine surgeons regarding options to access current clinical practice guidelines.

Level of Evidence:
Level V.
Recent advances in primary resistance mechanisms against immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Li Yi-Ze , Zhang Hong-Mei 
Published: October 2021

Purpose of review
The resistance of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has become an obstacle to further improve the survival of patients with advanced cancer. This review provides an overview of recent advances in primary resistance mechanisms of ICIs.

Recent findings
With the improvement of study approach, new characteristics and trends have emerged in the classification of tumor immune subtypes. The effects of germline genetic on tumor microenvironment and the efficacy of immunotherapy have been further studied. Exosomal programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an increasing focus of research in primary resistance mechanisms of ICIs. In addition to antibiotics and steroids, the influence of other concomitant medications on the efficacy of ICIs has recently gained more attention.

Summary
Exploring the resistance mechanisms of ICIs is one of the great challenges in the field of tumor immunotherapy. Continued work to understand the resistance mechanism of ICIs is ongoing.
Patellar instability: will my patella dislocate again?
Authors: Pascual-Leone Nicolas , Ellis Henry B. , Green Daniel W. 
Published: October 2021

Purpose of review
The incidence of patellar instability in pediatric patients ranges is 50–100 in 100,000 patients per year. Risk of recurrent dislocations however has been cited from 8.6% to 88% depending on individual patient factors. This manuscript highlights the demographical, historical, and anatomic factors associated with recurrent patellar instability following a first-time patella dislocation in the pediatric population.

Recent findings
In recent years, various studies have focused on identifying risk factors for recurrent patellar instability following a primary patellar dislocation. A mix of patient factors, including age of first dislocation, patella alta, elevated tibial tubercle to trochlear groove and trochlear dysplasia have all been noted in the literature, which have helped to develop various scoring tools to predict recurrent dislocation following nonoperative treatment.

Summary
Risk of recurrent patellar instability in patients who have previously suffered a patellar dislocation can be due to many factors. These risk factors should be used and applied to a variety of risk scores in order to provide physicians and healthcare providers with a tool to counsel patients and families on their patellar redislocation risk and help guide further management.
Pediatric Transport Safety Collaborative
Authors: Ali Aaisham , Miller Michael R. , Cameron Saoirse , Gunz Anna C. 
Published: October 2021

Objectives
In Canada, critically ill pediatric patients require transfer to a tertiary care center for definitive medical and surgical management. Some studies suggest that family accompaniment could compromise care; currently, limited research has examined patient safety and outcomes during pediatric critical care transport with family presence, and no Canada-specific data currently exists. The primary objective of this study was to compare the rate of adverse events during the transport of pediatric patients by a specialized pediatric critical care transport team with parental accompaniment to those without parental accompaniment. Secondary objectives included whether geographic or patient-specific factors affected rates of parental accompaniment and if parental presence during transport was related to patient outcomes.

Methods
Retrospective cohort study in a pediatric critical care unit convenience sample at an academic children's hospital. Inclusion criteria constituted all patients younger than 18 years who were admitted to the pediatric critical care unit after interfacility transport by the London Health Sciences Center Neonatal Pediatric Transport Team between April 1, 2018, and April 30, 2020, inclusive. Adverse event rates, patient characteristics, and clinical outcomes were compared.

Results
There were 357 transports eligible for analysis. Of these, there were 180 transports with, and 177 without, parental accompaniment. The primary outcome was adverse event occurrence using the composite definition of adverse events, previously defined by a Canadian consensus process, which included patient-, transport provider-, laboratory-, and system/vehicle-related safety factors. The occurrence of adverse events was not significantly different between transports with and without parental accompaniment, 49.4% and 54.8%, respectively (odds ratio, 0.80; P = 0.311).

Conclusions
This is the first study to compare the effect on adverse event rate and clinically relevant outcomes between transports with and without parental presence during interfacility pediatric critical care transport. Our study found no significant difference in the adverse event rate between transports with and without parental presence.
Brief Report: No Differences Between Lopinavir/Ritonavir and Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor–Based Antiretroviral Therapy on Clearance of Plasmodium falciparum Subclinical Parasitemia in Adults Living With HIV Starting Treatment (A5297)
Authors: Shaffer Douglas , Kumwenda Johnstone , Chen Huichao , Akelo Victor , Angira Francis , Kosgei Josphat , Tonui Ronald , Ssali Francis , McKhann Ashley , Hogg Evelyn , Stewart V. Ann , Murphy Sean C. , Coombs Robert , Schooley Robert ,   the A5297 Team
Published: October 2021

Background:
HIV protease inhibitors anti-Plasmodium falciparum activity in adults remains uncertain.

Methods:
Adults with HIV CD4+ counts >200 cells/mm3 starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) with P. falciparum subclinical parasitemia (Pf SCP) were randomized 1:1 to (step 1) protease inhibitor lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r)-based (arm A) or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (nNRTI)-based ART (arm B) for 15 days. In step 2, participants received nNRTI-based ART and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis for 15 days. P. falciparum SCP clearance was measured by polymerase chain reaction. The Fisher exact test [95% exact confidence interval (CI)] was used to compare proportions of P. falciparum SCP clearance (<10 parasites/μL on 3 occasions within 24 hours) between LPV/r and nNRTI arms at day 15. The Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test were used to compare time-to-clearance.

Results:
Fifty-two adults from Kenya, Malawi, and Uganda with a median age = 31 (Q1, Q3: 24–39) years, 33% women, with baseline median CD4+ counts of 324 (259–404) cells/mm3, median HIV-1 RNA viremia of 5.18 log10 copies/mL (4.60–5.71), and median estimated P. falciparum density of 454 parasites/μL (83–2219) enrolled in the study. Forty-nine (94%) participants completed the study. At day 15, there was no statistically significant difference in the proportions of P. falciparum SCP clearance between the LPV/r (23.1% clearance; 6 of the 26) and nNRTI (26.9% clearance; 7 of the 26) arms [between-arm difference 3.9% (95% CI, −21.1% to 28.4%; P = 1.00)]. No significant difference in time-to-clearance was observed between the arms (P = 0.80).

Conclusions:
In a small randomized study of adults starting ART with P. falciparum SCP, no statistically significant differences were seen between LPV/r- and nNRTI-based ART in P. falciparum SCP clearance after 15 days of treatment.
Personality dimensions and disorders and coping with the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Starcevic Vladan , Janca Aleksandar 
Published: October 2021

Purpose of review
The COVID-19 pandemic has tested people's coping and resilience. This article reviews research and scholarly work aiming to shed more light on personality-based factors that account for adjustment to the pandemic situation.

Recent findings
Most studies relied on a cross-sectional design and were conducted using personality dimensions based on the Big Five personality model. Findings suggest that high levels of neuroticism constitute a risk for pandemic-induced distress and poor overall coping. People with prominent extraversion, conscientiousness or agreeableness have generally demonstrated a good adjustment to the pandemic, including compliance with containment and mitigation measures imposed by the authorities to limit the spread of COVID-19. A few studies of individuals with borderline personality disorder identified social isolation as the most destabilising factor for them. Poor compliance with containment and mitigation measures has been strongly associated with various antisocial personality traits.

Summary
Personality-based factors account for some individual differences in coping with both COVID-19-related threat and distress and requirements to comply with containment and mitigation measures. Better understanding of these factors could contribute to a more effective adjustment to the challenges of future public health crises.
A computational model of direction selectivity in Macaque V1 cortex based on dynamic differences between ON and OFF pathways
Authors: Chariker Logan , Shapley Robert , Hawken Michael , Young Lai-Sang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper is about neural mechanisms of direction selectivity (DS) in Macaque primary visual cortex, V1. DS arises in V1 layer 4Cα which receives afferent input from the Magnocellular division of the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN). LGN itself, however, is not direction-selective. To understand the mechanisms of DS, we built a new computational model (DSV1) of 4Cα. DSV1 is a realistic, large-scale mechanistic model that simulates many V1 properties: orientation selectivity, spatial and temporal tuning, contrast response, and DS. In the model, DS is initiated by the dynamic difference of OFF and ON Magnocellular cell activity that excites the model’s layer 4Cα the recurrent network has no intra-cortical direction-specific connections. In experiments – and in DSV1 -- most 4Cα Simple cells were highly direction-selective but few 4Cα Complex cells had high DS. Furthermore, the preferred directions of the model’s direction-selective Simple cells were invariant with spatial and temporal frequency, in this way emulating the experimental data. The distribution of DS across the model’s population of cells was very close to that found in experiments. Analyzing DSV1, we found that the dynamic interaction of feedforward and intra-cortical synaptic currents led to cortical enhancement of DS for a majority of cells. In view of the strong quantitative agreement between DS in data and in model simulations, the neural mechanisms of DS in DSV1 may be indicative of those in the real visual cortex.Significance StatementMotion perception is a vital part of our visual experience of the world. In monkeys, whose vision resembles that of humans, the neural computation of the direction of a moving target starts in the primary visual cortex, V1, in layer 4Cα that receives input from the eye through the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN). How Direction-Selectivity (DS) is generated in layer 4Cα is an outstanding unsolved problem in theoretical neuroscience. In this paper, we offer a solution based on plausible biological mechanisms: We present a new large-scale circuit model in which DS originates from slightly different LGN ON/OFF response time-courses and is enhanced in cortex without the need for direction-specific intra-cortical connections. The model’s DS is in quantitative agreement with experiments.
Work-life enablers for job satisfaction in healthcare: moderating role of organization type
Authors: Zaman Sumbul , Ansari Amirul Hasan , Chaturvedi Shakti 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to examine how the quality of work-life (QWL) factors influence job satisfaction and tests if organization type moderates this relationship.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopts a quantitative cross-sectional research design using survey administration among resident doctors used in the Indian health-care sector. Drawing on the person-environment fit theory, leader-member exchange theory and action learning theory, the authors discuss the results.FindingsResults depicted that in addition to the direct relationship between QWL and job satisfaction, this association is moderated by organization type.Practical implicationsThe study provides critical information for health-care managers to prioritize three QWL attributes, namely, meaningful development, supervision, working conditions to enhance job satisfaction among resident doctors.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the limited empirical scholarly research adding a deeper understanding of pertinent factors influencing resident doctor’s QWL-job satisfaction relationship.
Viewpoint: internet revolution lessons applied to post-pandemic service delivery (a North American perspective)
Authors: Meuter Matthew L. 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
This study aims to propose research directions for service providers to most effectively navigate through (and beyond) the post-pandemic service delivery challenges from a North American perspective.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is based on the personal reflections of an academic researcher who has focused on the intersection of technology in services marketing for nearly 25 years.

Findings
The paper takes the position that much of what was learned through the internet revolution (early 2000s) can help us to understand the process of evolving into a post-pandemic environment. Both situations completely altered the way services are typically produced and consumed, and academic researchers can (and should) play a role by addressing these important business issues. Two major themes from early Self-Service Technology (SST) research include consumer adoption of new technologies and the consumer experience with SSTs. Pandemic requirements for service providers forced a very similar adaptation as experienced during the internet revolution with SSTs, thus our pandemic experiences can be viewed through a similar lens.

Research limitations/implications
This paper urges service researchers and business professionals alike to consider the potential improvements in service delivery from the adjustments to the COVID-19 pandemic and, as appropriate, incorporate those into service provision in the future. Just as firms who were best able to adapt to the internet revolution dynamics were most successful, those that are able to adjust most quickly in the post-pandemic environment are likely to be the most successful.

Originality/value
The insights provided here are intended to stimulate research and continued exploration of the post-pandemic service environment.