bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pattern‐Potential‐Guided Growth of Textured Macromolecular Films on Graphene/High‐Index Copper
Authors: Zhou Dikui , Zhang Zhihong , Zhu Yihan , Xiao Yiqun , Ding Qingqing , Ruan Luoyuan , Sun Yiran , Zhang Zhibin , Zhu Chongzhi , Chen Zongping , Wu Yongjun , Huang Yuhui , Sheng Guan , Li Jixue , Yu Dapeng , Wang Enge , Ren Zhaohui , Lu Xinhui , Liu Kaihui , Han Gaorong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMacromolecular films are crucial functional materials widely used in the fields of mechanics, electronics, optoelectronics, and biology, due to their superior properties of chemical stability, small density, high flexibility, and solution‐processing ability. Their electronic and mechanical properties, however, are typically much lower than those of crystalline materials, as the macromolecular films have no long‐range structural ordering. The state‐of‐the‐art for producing highly ordered macromolecular films is still facing a great challenge due to the complex interactions between adjacent macromolecules. Here, the growth of textured macromolecular films on a designed graphene/high‐index copper (Cu) surface is demonstrated. This successful growth is driven by a patterned potential that originates from the different amounts of charge transfer between the graphene and Cu surfaces with, alternately, terraces and step edges. The textured films exhibit a remarkable improvement in remnant ferroelectric polarization and fracture strength. It is also demonstrated that this growth mechanism is universal for different macromolecules. As meter‐scale graphene/high‐index Cu substrates have recently become available, the results open a new regime for the production and applications of highly ordered macromolecular films with obvious merits of high production and low cost.
Pd‐Single‐Atom Coordinated Biocatalysts for Chem‐/Sono‐/Photo‐Trimodal Tumor Therapies
Authors: Du Fangxue , Liu Luchang , Wu Zihe , Zhao Zhenyang , Geng Wei , Zhu Bihui , Ma Tian , Xiang Xi , Ma Lang , Cheng Chong , Qiu Li 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe diversity, complexity, and heterogeneity of malignant tumor seriously undermine the efficiency of mono‐modal treatment. Recently, multi‐modal therapeutics with enhanced antitumor efficiencies have attracted increasing attention. However, designing a nanotherapeutic platform with uniform morphology in nanoscale that integrates with efficient chem‐/sono‐/photo‐trimodal tumor therapies is still a great challenge. Here, new and facile Pd‐single‐atom coordinated porphyrin‐based polymeric networks as biocatalysts, namely, Pd‐Pta/Por, for chem‐/sono‐/photo‐trimodal tumor therapies are designed. The atomic morphology and chemical structure analysis prove that the biocatalyst consists of atomic Pd‐N coordination networks with a Pd‐N2‐Cl2 catalytic center. The characterization of peroxidase‐like catalytic activities displays that the Pd‐Pta/Por can generate abundant •OH radicals for chemodynamic therapies. The ultrasound irradiation or laser excitation can significantly boost the catalytic production of 1O2 by the porphyrin‐based sono‐/photosensitizers to achieve combined sono‐/photodynamic therapies. The superior catalytic production of •OH is further verified by density functional theory calculation. Finally, the corresponding in vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated their synergistic chem‐/sono‐/photo‐trimodal antitumor efficacies. It is believed that this study provides new promising single‐atom‐coordinated polymeric networks with highly efficient biocatalytic sites and synergistic trimodal therapeutic effects, which may inspire many new findings in reactive oxygen species‐related biological applications across broad therapeutics and biomedical fields.
Osteoporosis Remission and New Bone Formation with Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Mora‐Raimundo Patricia , Lozano Daniel , Benito Manuel , Mulero Francisca , Manzano Miguel , Vallet‐Regí María 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNanotechnology changed the concept of treatment for a variety of diseases, producing a huge impact regarding drug and gene delivery. Among the different targeted diseases, osteoporosis has devastating clinical and economic consequences. Since current osteoporosis treatments present several side effects, new treatment approaches are needed. Recently, the application of small interfering RNA (siRNA) has become a promising alternative. Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway controls bone development and formation. This pathway is negatively regulated by sclerostin, which knock‐down through siRNA application would potentially promote bone formation. However, the major bottleneck for siRNA‐based treatments is the necessity of a delivery vector, bringing nanotechnology as a potential solution. Among the available nanocarriers, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have attracted great attention for intracellular delivery of siRNAs. The mesoporous structure of MSNs permits the delivery of siRNAs together with another biomolecule, achieving a combination therapy. Here, the effectiveness of a new potential osteoporosis treatment based on MSNs is evaluated. The proposed system is effective in delivering SOST siRNA and osteostatin through systemic injection to bone tissue. The nanoparticle administration produced an increase expression of osteogenic related genes improving the bone microarchitecture. The treated osteoporotic mice recovered values of a healthy situation approaching to osteoporosis remission.
Impact of anticoagulation on recurrent thrombosis and bleeding after hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Martens Kylee L. , Amos Christopher I. , Hernandez Cristhiam Rojas , Kebriaei Partow , da Costa Wilson L. , Basom Ryan , Davis Chris , Kesten Madeline , Carrier Marc , Garcia David A. , Lee Stephanie J. , Li Ang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHistory of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is prevalent among patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Management of anticoagulation is particularly challenging as most patients will have chemotherapy‐induced thrombocytopenia while awaiting engraftment post‐HCT. We conducted a retrospective study of autologous and allogeneic HCT recipients with prior VTE from 2006–2015 to 1) compare anticoagulant strategies on short‐term VTE recurrence and bleeding and 2) assess predictors for VTE recurrence beyond 30 days. Patients with VTE were allocated to two cohorts based on anticoagulant strategy at thrombocytopenia onset and underwent inverse probability weighting to assess primary outcomes of VTE recurrence and bleeding within 30 days post‐HCT. Subsequently, multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the association of 100‐day VTE recurrence by the HIGH‐2‐LOW VTE risk assessment score and whether patients resumed anticoagulation at platelet recovery. Thirteen percent of recipients had VTE prior to HCT; of those meeting inclusion criteria, 227 continued anticoagulation and 113 temporarily discontinued it. Anticoagulant strategy was not significantly associated with decreased risk of VTE recurrence within 30 days (3% vs 4%, p = 0.61); however, risk of overall bleeding was non‐significantly higher in those who continued vs discontinued anticoagulation (41% vs 31%, p = 0.08). In a subgroup of 250 allogeneic HCT patients, every one‐point increase of HIGH‐2‐LOW score was significantly associated with VTE recurrence at 100 days (OR 1.57 [95% CI 1.10–2.23]), while anticoagulation resumption upon platelet engraftment was associated with lower recurrent risk (OR 0.48 [0.20–1.14]). Temporarily withholding anticoagulation during thrombocytopenia may optimize risk–benefit tradeoffs, though additional strategies are essential to prevent VTE recurrence after hematopoietic recovery.
Challenging the binary: Gender/sex and the bio‐logics of normalcy
Authors: DuBois L. Zachary , Shattuck‐Heidorn Heather 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe are witnessing renewed debates regarding definitions and boundaries of human gender/sex, where lines of genetics, gonadal hormones, and secondary sex characteristics are drawn to defend strict binary categorizations, with attendant implications for the acceptability and limits of gender identity and diversity.AimsMany argue for the need to recognize the entanglement of gender/sex in humans and the myriad ways that gender experience becomes biology; translating this theory into practice in human biology research is essential. Biological anthropology is well poised to contribute to these societal conversations and debates. To do this effectively, a reconsideration of our own conceptions of gender/sex, gender identity, and sexuality is necessary.MethodsIn this article, we discuss biological variation associated with gender/sex and propose ways forward to ensure we are engaging with gender/sex diversity. We base our analysis in the concept of “biological normalcy,” which allows consideration of the relationships between statistical distributions and normative views. We address the problematic reliance on binary categories, the utilization of group means to represent typical biologies, and document ways in which binary norms reinforce stigma and inequality regarding gender/sex, gender identity, and sexuality.Discussion and ConclusionsWe conclude with guidelines and methodological suggestions for how to engage gender/sex and gender identity in research. Our goal is to contribute a framework that all human biologists can use, not just those who work with gender or sexually diverse populations. We hope that in bringing this perspective to bear in human biology, that novel ideas and applications will emerge from within our own discipline.
Na2 Eosin Y Catalyzed Alkylation of Enol Acetates by Radical Decarboxylation of N‐Hydroxyphthalimide Esters
Authors: Nie Yu , Wang Zechao , Feng Zengqiang , Dong Bingbing , Bai Yuyang , Leng Yuting , Wu Junliang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA novel, efficient and transition‐metal‐free alkylation of enol acetates by radical decarboxylation of N‐hydroxyphthalimide esters to synthesize α‐alkylated ketones in existence of Na2‐eosin Y at room temperature has been developed. This methodology features operational simplicity, mild reaction conditions, widely functional group tolerance, affording a diverse array of α‐alkylated ketones in moderate to good yields.
Assessment of patient recognition of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)‐associated olfactory loss and recovery: a longitudinal study
Authors: Prajapati Divya P. , Shahrvini Bita , Said Mena , Srinivas Shanmukha , DeConde Adam S. , Yan Carol H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) olfactory dysfunction remains poorly characterized, often limited by self‐reported measures. Given the logistical challenges of psychophysical testing, understanding the longitudinal relationship between self‐reported and quantitative measures can help accurately identify patients with persistent olfactory dysfunction. This study aimed to longitudinally correlate measured and subjective olfactory function in COVID‐19 subjects.MethodsA prospective, longitudinal study evaluating subjective and measured olfaction was conducted on ambulatory COVID‐19 subjects. Olfaction scores were obtained using a visual analogue scale (VAS) (0 = anosmia, 10 = normosmia) and the validated 12‐item Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT). Weekly testing was performed until recovery (BSIT ≥ 9/12 and/or VAS = 10/10) or study completion.ResultsEighty‐six polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐positive COVID‐19 subjects were recruited ≤3 days from diagnosis and 52 completed longitudinal testing. Among those with self‐reported smell loss at recruitment, similar levels (75.8%) of objective (BSIT ≥ 9/12) and subjective recovery were obtained using a VAS cutoff ≥8, yet only 30.3% reported complete subjective recovery (VAS = 10). Median times to objective and complete subjective olfactory recovery were 12 ± 2.3 and 24 ± 3.5 days, respectively. Although both measures showed chemosensory improvement, the distributions of objective and full subjective olfactory recovery differed significantly (log rank test χ2 = 6.46, degrees of freedom [df] = 1, p = 0.011). Overall correlation between BSIT and VAS scores was moderate to strong across longitudinal follow‐up (rs = 0.41–0.65).ConclusionSelf‐reported and psychophysically measured COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction improve at similar levels and are moderately correlated longitudinally, yet there is a significant delay in complete subjective recovery. Psychophysical testing in conjunction with qualitative assessments may be considered for counseling and follow‐up of patients with COVID‐19 smell loss.
Vancomycin‐Functionalized Porphyrinic Metal‐Organic Framework PCN‐224 with Enhanced Antibacterial Activity against Staphylococcus Aureus
Authors: Chen Li‐Jian , Liu Yao‐Yao , Zhao Xu , Yan Xiu‐Ping 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA vancomycin (Van) modification strategy on a porphyrinic metal‐organic framework (MOF) PCN‐224 is presented. The obtained Van‐PCN‐224 gives the combined advantages of porphyrinic MOF and Van with high photosensitive activity and excellent targeted antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The features make Van‐PCN‐224 promising for antimicrobial therapy.
Performance Assessment Study on the Na‐O‐H Thermochemical Water Splitting Cycle for Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Oruc Onur , Dincer Ibrahim 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe sodium‐oxygen‐hydrogen (Na‐O‐H) thermochemical cycle is investigated, as one of the potential methods of thermochemical water decomposition and hydrogen generation. The hydrogen production reaction, metal separation reaction, and hydrolysis reaction, forming the Na‐O‐H thermochemical cycle, are examined by RGibbs reactor modeling. The parameters for the three reactions are optimized in terms of hydrogen yield, pressure, temperature, and heat requirement. The metal separation reaction is carried out under vacuum pressure, while other reactions can be conducted under atmospheric pressure.
Solvent‐Controlled Construction of Molecular Chains and Bowls/Sieves from a Bent Dipyridyl Ligand†
Authors: Tian Xiao‐Yun , Chen Xiao‐Xian , Wang Chao , Ye Zi‐Ming , Zhou Dong‐Dong , Zhang Jie‐Peng 
Published: June 2021

Main observation and conclusionSolvothermal reactions of 3,6‐di(pyridin‐4‐yl)‐9H‐carbazole (dpc) with Cu(II) yielded crystals of two new coordination complexes, namely [Cu(CH3COO)2(dpc)(H2O)2]n·xGuest (1) and [Cu13(HCOO)16(dpc)16(H2O)6](HCOO)10·Guest (2), in which CH3COO– and HCOO– were generated from the hydrolysis of the solvents N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMA) and N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF), respectively. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction showed that 1 possesses simple wavy coordination chains, while 2 possesses large molecular bowls/sieves with outer and inner effective sizes of 30.2 × 30.2 × 25.5 Å3 and 15.0 × 15.0 × 18.6 Å3, respectively, which consists of 4 linear Cu3(HCOO)4(H2O) clusters and 12 dpc ligands as the square‐shaped wall and a claw‐like Cu(dpc)4 fragment as the bottle. Guest‐free 2 can adsorb considerable amounts of CO2, H2O and CH3OH but completely exclude C2H4 and C3H6, which shows a potential application for olefin drying.
Two‐Channel Model for Electron Transfer in a Dye‐Catalyst‐Dye Supramolecular Complex for Photocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Shao Yang , de Groot Huub J. M. , Buda Francesco 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo improve the performance of dye‐sensitized photoelectrochemical cell (DS‐PEC) devices for splitting water, the tailoring of the photocatalytic four‐photon water oxidation half‐reaction represents a principle challenge of fundamental significance. In this study, a Ru‐based water oxidation catalyst (WOC) covalently bound to two 2,6‐diethoxy‐1,4,5,8‐diimide‐naphthalene (NDI) dye functionalities provides comparable driving forces and channels for electron transfer. Constrained ab initio molecular dynamics simulations are performed to investigate the photocatalytic cycle of this two‐channel model for photocatalytic water splitting. The introduction of a second light‐harvesting dye in the Ru‐based dye‐WOC‐dye supramolecular complex enables two separate parallel electron‐transfer channels, leading to a five‐step catalytic cycle with three intermediates and two doubly oxidized states. The total spin S=1 is conserved during the catalytic process and the system with opposite spin on the oxidized NDI proceeds from the Ru=O intermediate to the final Ru‐O2 intermediate with a triplet molecular 3O2 ligand that is eventually released into the environment. The in‐depth insight into the proposed photocatalytic cycle of the two‐channel model provides a strategy for the development of novel high‐efficiency supramolecular complexes for DS‐PEC devices with buildup and conservation of spin multiplicity along the reaction coordinate as a design principle.
Single‐cell analyses reveal suppressive tumor microenvironment of human colorectal cancer
Authors: Mei Yan , Xiao Weiwei , Hu Hao , Lu Guanming , Chen Lingdan , Sun Zhun , Lü Mengdie , Ma Wenhui , Jiang Ting , Gao YuanHong , Li LiRen , Chen Gong , Wang Zifeng , Li Hanjie , Wu Duojiao , Zhou Pinghong , Leng Qibin , Jia Guangshuai 
Published: June 2021

AbstractProfiling heterologous cell types within tumors is essential to decipher tumor microenvironment that shapes tumor progress and determines the outcome of therapeutic response. Here, we comprehensively characterized transcriptomes of 34,037 single cells obtained from 12 treatment‐naïve patients with colorectal cancer. Our comprehensive evaluation revealed attenuated B‐cell antigen presentation, distinct regulatory T‐cell clusters with different origin and novel polyfunctional tumor associated macrophages associated with CRC. Moreover, we identified expanded XCL1+ T‐cell clusters associated with tumor mutational burden high status. We further explored the underlying molecular mechanisms by profiling epigenetic landscape and inferring transcription factor motifs using single‐cell ATAC‐seq. Our dataset and analysis approaches herein provide a rich resource for further study of the impact of immune cells and translational research for human colorectal cancer.
Fractional squirrel–dolphin echolocation with deep belief network for network‐controlled vertical handoff in disparate and heterogeneous wireless network
Authors: Patil Mithun B. , Patil Rekha 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThe innovative characteristics of different heterogeneous wireless networks provide better service. The disparate wireless access networks consist of wireless metropolitan access network (WMAN) and cellular networks. Various techniques are devised for dynamic network selection, but these techniques concentrated on attaining improved performance. To address this issue, a novel method is devised to improve the energy efficiency of disparate heterogeneous wireless networks. Here, the proposed fractional squirrel–dolphin echolocation (FrSqDE) algorithm is devised by integrating squirrel search optimization (SSA) and fractional dolphin echolocation (fractional DE) algorithm. In addition, the fitness function is considered with certain factors that include delay, bit error rate (BER), jitter, packet loss, energy consumption, probability of hot spot, average bit rate (ABR), and received signal strength (RSS). The proposed FrSqDE optimization algorithm is used for training deep belief networks (DBNs) to select optimal weights. Here, the network selection factors are given as input to the proposed FrSqDE‐based DBN, wherein optimal decision is made to handle vertical handoff. The proposed FrSqDE‐based DBN offered improved performance with a minimal call drop probability of 0.050, minimal delay of 0.013 s, minimal energy consumption of 0.393 J, and maximal throughput of 117.972 kbps.
The ratio of single to co‐colonization is key to complexity in interacting systems with multiple strains
Authors: Gjini Erida , Madec Sten 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe high number and diversity of microbial strains circulating in host populations have motivated extensive research on the mechanisms that maintain biodiversity. However, much of this work focuses on strain‐specific and cross‐immunity interactions. Another less explored mode of pairwise interaction is via altered susceptibilities to co‐colonization in hosts already colonized by one strain. Diversity in such interaction coefficients enables strains to create dynamically their niches for growth and persistence, and “engineer” their common environment. How such a network of interactions with others mediates collective coexistence remains puzzling analytically and computationally difficult to simulate. Furthermore, the gradients modulating stability‐complexity regimes in such multi‐player endemic systems remain poorly understood. In a recent study (Madec & Gjini, Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, 82), we obtained an analytic representation for N‐type coexistence in an SIS epidemiological model with co‐colonization. We mapped multi‐strain dynamics to a replicator equation using timescale separation. Here, we examine what drives coexistence regimes in such co‐colonization system. We find the ratio of single to co‐colonization, µ, critically determines the type of equilibrium and number of coexisting strains, and encodes a trade‐off between overall transmission intensity R0 and mean interaction coefficient in strain space, k. Preserving a given coexistence regime, under fixed trait variation, requires balancing between higher mean competition in favorable environments, and higher cooperation in harsher environments, and is consistent with the stress gradient hypothesis. Multi‐strain coexistence tends to steady‐state attractors for small µ, whereas as µ increases, dynamics tend to more complex attractors. Following strain frequencies, evolutionary dynamics in the system also display contrasting patterns with µ, interpolating between multi‐stable and fluctuating selection for cooperation and mean invasion fitness, in the two extremes. This co‐colonization framework could be applied more generally, to study invariant principles in collective coexistence, and to quantify how critical shifts in community dynamics get potentiated by mean‐field and environmental gradients.
Role of depleted initial energy reserves in early benthic phase mortality of six marine invertebrate species
Authors: Mendt Shannon R. , Gosselin Louis A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInsufficient energy reserves are widely considered to be a primary factor contributing to high rates of early benthic phase mortality among benthic marine invertebrates, but this hypothesis has been based mostly on indirect, observational evidence, and remains largely untested. We therefore examined the role of initial energy reserves in regulating survivorship and growth during the early benthic phase. Recently settled or hatched individuals of six invertebrate species were collected from natural populations, maintained without food, and their survivorship was monitored. Contrary to expectations, starved individuals of all six species had high survivorship through the critical first 10 days of the early benthic phase, with half of the species experiencing <2% mortality, and the remaining three species experiencing only 6%–12% mortality. For five of the six species, 50% mortality was reached only after ≥50 days of starvation. Additionally, no difference in short‐term survivorship was detected among starved individuals of three different size classes (a proxy for energy reserves) of N. ostrina hatchlings. Finally, the effect of different durations of delayed feeding (0–50 days) on recovery (i.e., growth and survivorship) once food was made available revealed that duration of starvation prior to feeding can nevertheless have significant longer‐term impacts on the proportion of individuals that survive or their ability to grow. Together, these findings suggest that depleted energy reserves are not a primary cause of high mortality at the start of the early benthic phase, as had previously been hypothesized. Levels of energy reserves did influence growth, however, suggesting a possible indirect influence on performance by leaving individuals vulnerable for longer periods.