bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphometic cadaveric analysis of thyroid cartilage in Indian adults with comparative review of studies on other ethnic population
Authors: Sahoo Satyanjaya , Mallick Ajay , Sethi Ashwani , Joshi Himanshu , Ghotra Aroma 
Published: January 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The larynx besides being used in respiration, performs the function of production of voice. A thorough knowledge of relevant surgical anatomy is a must for any surgeon before performing laryngeal framework surgery (LFS). Most of the relevant anatomic details for LFS are based on Western population and the studies based on Indian population are extremely scarce. We propose to undertake this study in order to understand the relevant anatomy of the thyroid cartilage in adult Indian population and to compare these dimensions with those studied in the western population as available in literature.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Fifty-two samples of adult thyroid cartilage (35 males and 17 females) taken from cadavers were analysed. Digital Vernier callipers &amp; goniometer were used to take morphometric measurements of the Thyroid cartilage to see for normal variation, sex differences and bilateral asymmetry. Observation were analysed by calculating mean &amp; SD. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Most parameters measured in thyroid cartilage did not show significant difference in males &amp; females. All the parameters of thyroid cartilage except thyroid angle were higher in males than females. Bilateral asymmetry in the size of thyroid lamina was seen in majority of specimens though not statistically significant.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The detailed study of thyroid cartilage in the form of morphometric parameters of thyroid cartilage is useful for anatomists, radiologists, reconstructive and ENT surgeons. Comparison with other populations in the world reveals that the absolute values differ in different populations which could be due to differences in body built, racial differences and age group of cadavers.</p>
Prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss in patients with head and neck malignancy who underwent chemotherapy and or radiotherapy
Authors: Jacob Anu , Jino M. Erin , K. P. Gopakumar , Kumar Chethan , T. Kiren 
Published: January 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Our study aimed to focus on the importance of the rate at which the sensory neural hearing loss (SNHL) is caused by chemotherapy (CT) and or radiotherapy (RT). This study also tells about the importance of informing the patient and the caretakers prior to the start of treatment for carcinoma, so that they can be prepared for it if it happens. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Total 75 patients who were diagnosed to have any form of head and neck malignancy formed the study group. Pure tone audiometry was recorded pre-treatment, one month after treatment and six months after treatment. All the data obtained were bio statistically analysed by running in SPSS software version 26. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> There is a correlation between CT, RT and concurrent chemo radiotherapy (CRT) and SNHL. It is also found that most of the patients who have undergone CRT suffered SNHL in the long run. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> It is high time the patients are made aware of the side effects like SNHL before the start of the proposed treatment. This will allow them to be prepared and then face it. </p><p> </p>
A study to assess the outcomes following tonsillectomy in patients who were administered only prophylactic pre-operative antibiotics vis-à-vis patients who were administered both pre and post-operative antibiotics
Authors: Shah Shikha , Thomas James , Sonar Tejal , Kancherla Srinithya , Bhatnagar Aastha 
Published: January 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Tonsillectomy is one of the common operative surgery performed by an ENT surgeon. With aim to reduce the hospital stay and post-operative complications, the use of antibiotics has become every common.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 40 patients undergoing tonsillectomy were recruited into the study subsequent to obtaining informed consent. The patients were divided in to two groups, group A and group B. Both the groups were given tablet amoxicillin with clavulanic acid orally for 3 days prior to surgery and subsequently were administered injection amoxicillin and clavulanic acid intravenously 1 hour prior to surgery pre operatively. Only group A patients were given injection amoxicillin and clavulanic acid intravenously 12 hourly for 5 days in the post-operative period. The patients from both the groups were assessed on the following criteria: pain, slough in the tonsillar fossa, fever, clot formation and return to normal daily activities. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Both the groups were comparable with regard to demographics, post-operative infections, post-operative pain and time to return to normal daily activities. There was no cognisant difference for all the parameters assessed.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Administration of antibiotics in patients undergoing tonsillectomy can be restricted to pre-operative antibiotics only as giving antibiotics post-operatively does not affect the clinical outcome and also prevents indiscriminate use of antibiotics which can lead to mutant antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria which can also have an economic impact.</p><p> </p>
Genome-wide Analysis of WRKY Transcription Factors Family in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Shende Rajendra Tukaram , Singh Reeva , Kumar Arun , Sengar Rakesh Singh 
Published: January 2021

Background: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is used as a protein source across the world. In plants WRKY transcription factors play an important role in regulation of stress resistance. An attempt was made to analyze WRKY genes in chickpea using genomic data. Methods: In this In Silico investigation during 2018-2019, to analyze the WRKY genes in chickpea using genomic data. iTak database are used to obtain gene data. Bioinformatics tools were used to analyzed the chickpea genomic data. Result: This study reported 61 Car WRKY genes, located on the seven main chromosomes of chickpea. Great variations were reported in terms of protein length, molecular weight, grand average of hydropathicity (GRAVY) value and theoretical isoelectric points of Car WRKYs. Gene Structure Display Server (GSDS) demonstrated that the Car WRKY 56 gene lack introns. Phylogenetic analysis of Car WRKY proteins divided in three main groups (I, II and III); group II was divided into three subgroups like IIa, IIb and IIc. By this an attempt has made to provide novel information on Car WRKY genes to study abiotic stress mechanism in chickpea.
Die wonderbare Heilige Gees én die Vader van liefde - 'n Missionêre teologie
Authors: Verster Pieter 
Published: January 2021

Pieter Verster dra uit die ryk en ryp oesland van die Ou en Nuwe Testament ’n oorvloed gerwe. ’n Uitnemende geleerde is hier aan die woord. Die Persoon en werk van die Heilige Gees, die derde Persoon van God Drie-enig, word vars en nuut belig. Dit geld ook vir die skywer se ander sentrale teologiese insigte. Die boek getuig van ’n gedeë studie; dit is ’n meesterstuk. Dit sal nie slegs die vakkenner boei nie, maar elke leser sal deur die boek tot helderheid gelei word. Hierdie boek is soos ’n fontein helder murmelende water wat hoop aan dorstige en moedelose mense gee wat in die greep van armoede, korrupsie en rassisme vasgevang is. Met die boek staan Pieter Verster nie slegs nasionaal nie, maar ook internasionaal op die voorpunt van liggewende perspektiewe op die wese van en uitdagings aan die Missionêre Teologie. - Prof. Cas Vos Hierdie boek van Pieter Verster gee ’n indrukwekkende perspektief. Sending gaan daaroor om die blye boodskap te bring van Christus wat vir ons gekruisig is. Ons het ’n boodskap vir hierdie wêreld van COVID-19, van die korrupte politiek, van die armoede, van die misdaad, van sondige en moedelose mense. God beloof nie dat alles reg sal kom nie. Hy het hierdie werklikheid tot op die afskuwelikste gedeel. En Hy het daaraan, aan die konkrete werklikheid van Suid-Afrika van 2020, gesterf. Maar Hy het opgestaan, nie om nou alles reg te maak nie, maar sodat ons as ons sterf aan hierdie onheil steeds mag bely dat ons met Christus sal opstaan. Wanneer ons geen voortgang sien nie, moet ons nie moedeloos word nie: in die wêreld kan ons net ’n bietjie vir mekaar doen en het ons verdrukking, maar Hy het die wêreld oorwin: Christus leef en ons sal saam met Hom leef. Dis evangelie, ’n blye berig vir moedelose en hooplose mense. - Prof. Bram van de Beek
Patient-Reported Outcome Measures and Clinically Important Outcome Values in Hip Arthroscopy
Authors: Ueland Thomas E. , Disantis Ashley , Carreira Dominic S. , Martin RobRoy L. 
Published: January 2021

Background:Defining success in hip arthroscopy through patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) is complicated by the wide range of available questionnaires and overwhelming amount of information on how to interpret scores. The minimal clinically important difference (MCID), patient acceptable symptom state (PASS), and substantial clinical benefit (SCB) are collectively known as clinically important outcome values (CIOVs). These CIOVs provide benchmarks for meaningful improvement. The aims of this review were to update the evidence regarding joint-specific PROMs used for hip arthroscopy and to collate available CIOVs in this population.Methods:A systematic review of MEDLINE and Embase databases was performed to identify studies reporting measurement properties of PROMs utilized for hip arthroscopy. Metrics of reliability, validity, and responsiveness were extracted and graded according to an international Delphi study. Questionnaire interpretability was evaluated through CIOVs.Results:Twenty-six studies were reviewed. One study validated a novel questionnaire, 3 studies validated existing questionnaires, and 22 studies reported CIOVs. The most evidence supporting interpretability was found for the Hip Outcome Score (HOS, 11 studies), modified Harris hip score (mHHS, 10 studies), and International Hip Outcome Tool-12 (iHOT-12, 9 studies). Scores indicative of the smallest perceptible versus substantial clinically relevant changes were reported for the iHOT-12 (12 to 15 versus 22 to 28), iHOT-33 (10 to 12 versus 25 to 26), HOS-Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL, 9 to 10 versus 10 to 16), HOS-Sports (14 to 15 versus 25 to 30), and mHHS (7 to 13 versus 20 to 23). Absolute postoperative scores indicative of an unsatisfactory versus a desirable outcome were reported for the iHOT-12 (below 56 to 63 versus above 86 to 88), iHOT-33 (below 58 versus above 64 to 82), HOS-ADL (below 87 to 92 versus above 94), HOS-Sports (below 72 to 80 versus above 78 to 86), and mHHS (below 74 to 85 versus above 83 to 95).Conclusions:Six questionnaires had reported clinically important outcome thresholds, with the HOS, mHHS, and iHOT-12 having the most information to support score interpretation. Thresholds for the HOS, mHHS, iHOT-12, and iHOT-33 describe desirable absolute PROM scores and minimum and substantial change scores within 5 years following hip arthroscopy. Despite substantial heterogeneity in calculation methodology, included cohorts, and follow-up time, available interpretability values could be meaningfully summarized.Clinical Relevance:In light of increasing use of PROMs in orthopaedics, a summary of the available CIOVs provides guidance for clinicians in mapping numerical scores from PROMs onto clinical benchmarks.
Periprosthetic Fractures Through Tracking Pin Sites Following Computer Navigated and Robotic Total and Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Smith Tyler J. , Siddiqi Ahmed , Forte Salvador A. , Judice Anthony , Sculco Peter K. , Vigdorchik Jonathan M. , Schwarzkopf Ran , Springer Bryan D. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Use of computer-assisted navigation (CAN) and robotic-assisted (RA) surgery in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) both necessitate the use of tracking pins rigidly fixed to the femur and tibia. Although periprosthetic fractures through tracking pin sites are rare, there is a paucity of literature on this potential complication. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review of the current literature to assess the incidence and clinical outcomes of periprosthetic fractures through tracking pin sites following CAN and RA TKA and UKA.

Methods:
A systematic review was performed following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines using the PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases in April 2020. Studies were assessed for the presence of pin site fractures, fracture characteristics, and clinical outcomes.

Results:
Seventeen clinical studies (5 case series, 1 cohort study, and 11 case reports) involving 29 pin-related fractures were included for review. The overall incidence ranged from 0.06% to 4.8%. The mean time from index arthroplasty to fracture was 9.5 weeks (range, 0 to 40 weeks). The majority of fractures occurred in the femoral diaphysis (59%). Nineteen fractures (66%) were displaced and 10 (34%) were nondisplaced or occult. The majority of cases were atraumatic in nature or involved minor trauma and were typically preceded by persistent leg pain. A transcortical pin trajectory, large pin diameter (>4 mm), diaphyseal fixation, multiple placement attempts, and the use of non-self-drilling, non-self-tapping pins were the most commonly reported risk factors for pin-related periprosthetic fractures following CAN or RA TKA.

Conclusions:
Surgeons should maintain a high index of suspicion for pin-related fractures in patients with ongoing leg or thigh pain after CAN or RA TKA in order to avoid fracture displacement and additional morbidity. As CAN and RA TKA have unique complication risks, the debate regarding the value of technology-assisted TKA and its cost-effectiveness continues.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Current and Emerging Issues in Global Health: An Introduction to Special Journal Collection
Authors: Salihu Hamisu M. , Azuine Romuladus E. 
Published: January 2021

We are thrilled to present this special collection of articles entitled “ Current and Emerging Issues in Global Health. ” This special collection pursued three main goals. First, the collection presents an opportunity for innovation. Second, it presents an opportunity to engage the field and community around a common theme. Finally, the collection provides a reality-check for the journal editors to support the field in evaluating the extent to which we have collectively attempted to confront the global maternal and child health (MCH) issues of our time regardless of where in the world we live. Unique to this special collection is the geographical spread of the article submissions. We have articles and contributions from researchers and research groups from three continents in a single edition: Africa, Asia and North America, making the articles opportunities for cross- fertilization of ideas across the global North and South. Public health is passing through a seismic transformation. Whether at the global, national, state, and local levels, disease outbreaks, patient demographics, and health technology have changed the global health landscape in a way never imagined. Our hope is that papers in this special collection will spark new ideas for invention, improved patient care, and transform population health.
Key words: • Global health • Maternal and child health • Father’s health • Mother’s health • Pediatrics • HIV/AIDS • MCH

Copyright © 2020 Salihu and Azuine. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Com - mons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Flow-Induced Vibration Analysis of Topside Piping at High Pressure
Authors: Emmerson Paul R. , Lewis Mike J. , Barton Neil A. , Orre Steinar , Lunde Knud 
Published: January 2021

Flow-induced vibration (FIV) from high-velocity multiphase flow is a common source of vibration concern in process piping, potentially leading to fatigue failures and hydrocarbon leaks. A combination of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and finite element (FE) modeling offers a potentially powerful tool for assessing and diagnosing multi-phase FIV problems in hydrocarbon-production piping systems.
Global energy consultancy Xodus Group performed FIV studies on an Equinor-operated topside production system, carrying multiphase flow at high-pressure (approximately 69 bara) conditions, where significant vibration was measured. The study assessed different vibration-simulation methodologies, combining FE analysis with forcing functions based on both correlations and CFD simulations. The aim was to gain a better understanding of the accuracy and limitations of calculation methods typically used to assess fatigue.
Calculating Multiphase FIV in Operational Pipework
While CFD FIV modeling methods have been well validated against low-pressure water-airflow under laboratory conditions (Emmerson et al. 2016a and 2016b), little has been published to show how well these techniques perform for operational hydrocarbon-production systems. As these systems usually operate at higher pressures with complex, live hydrocarbon fluids and water, the process conditions are often not well defined. They typically incorporate sev-eral features that could complicate the vibration-generation mechanisms such as long upstream pipelines, chokes, and convoluted combinations of pipe bends with complex support arrangements.
As part of the development of a new Energy Institute guidance document for subsea pipework, the project with Equinor was instigated following a joint industry project (JIP) established by Xodus, in collaboration with TNO and funded by six major operators, to improve techniques for estimating forcing functions in liquid-gas flows.
Vibration measurements were taken at various locations on a section of piping carrying multiphase flow at high-pressure conditions (approximately 69 bara) (Fig. 1). The forces were applied in harmonic, transient, and fluid structural interaction (FSI) simulations (directly coupled FE and CFD).
The topside piping arrangement consists of 16-in. schedule-100 piping, with a tee at the top of a riser section followed by six 90° and four 45° 1.5 R/D elbows and is reasonably well supported (as shown in Fig. 1).
The measurements provided the vibration velocity of the piping structure, and frequency spectra analysis was performed for comparison with the structural-response simulations. The main locations of interest are V4 and V5 as the measured vibration was the highest here. The peak vibration velocity at V4 is 4.7 mm/s and this occurs at 5.1 Hz in the EW-Y direction (Fig. 2), while at V5 the peak is 6.4 mm/s at 5.2 Hz.
Technology Focus: Well Integrity (January 2021)
Authors: Durham Craig 
Published: January 2021

Integrity (noun): the condition of having no part or element wanting; unbroken state; material wholeness, completeness, entirety.
I don’t need to explain to readers of this journal why these definitions are important in relation to oil and gas wells. It is a life-of-well obligation that remains even after abandonment, and any responsible operator will have a dedicated well- integrity group advising asset managers with regard to these obligations.
While reviewing the abstracts for this feature, I was struck by the huge range of issues and challenges to maintaining “material wholeness” beyond the routine testing of tree and safety valves. That made me wonder why more drilling, completion, and production engineers do not spend at least part of their early career development in a well-integrity team.
A good way to learn how to design and operate a well that will last the test of time is to spend time evaluating the reasons why some wells do not. Anyone desiring to get a pretty good awareness of geology and geomechanics, casing and tubing design, drilling fluid and cementing practices, oilfield equipment material specification, design and testing, with some production engineering fluid temperature and pressure modeling thrown in, could do a lot worse than spend a year or two in a well-integrity department.
It might not seem the most cutting-edge role in the company, and many older wells have integrity issues that seem almost intractable, so it is perhaps natural that we are more interested in the shiny and new. But, if you have read this far, I would encourage you to read some of these papers and see how these authors have approached the issues as challenges to be faced, not shied away from.
And, because it’s that time of year for personal development planning and goal setting, why not work to attend once of the many well-integrity conferences, seminars, or talks organized by SPE each year? Better yet, for your own career material wholeness, why not consider a secondment to your well-integrity department?
Field Measurements Validate Transient Annular Pressure Buildup Model
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: January 2021

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 199561, “Validation of Transient Annular Pressure Buildup (APB) Model Predictions With Field Measurements in an Offshore Well and Characterization of Uncertainty Bounds,” by Rahul Pai, Anamika Gupta, and Udaya B. Sathuvalli, Blade Energy Partners, et al., prepared for the 2020 IADC/SPE International Drilling Conference and Exhibition, Galveston, Texas, 3-5 March. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
The average geothermal gradient in the subject deepwater field in Nigeria is 4.37°C/100 m, nearly twice the gradient in most fields. As a result, the magnitude of the expected annular pressure buildup (APB) during steady-state production is large enough to threaten well integrity. Therefore, an insulating packer fluid (IPF) was used in Annulus A to reduce heat transfer to the outer annuli and to regulate the APB within acceptable values. The complete paper reports the results of a study that compares the temperature and pressure measurements from these wells with model predictions.
Introduction
Though APB has been studied by well designers for decades, the use of downhole measurements to study APB has been somewhat limited. Previous uses of downhole instrumentation to study APB phenomena principally have centered on monitoring the magnitude of the APB and managing the risk. None, as far as the authors are aware, use the results gathered from downhole measurements to verify the results of the models that routinely are used in the design of the wellbore tubulars and APB-mitigation technologies.
Notwithstanding the wealth of literature on the subject of APB, several crucial and fundamental questions remain unanswered. Chief among these are:
What is the accuracy of thermal-model temperature predictions during various well operations?
How do temperature uncertainties influence APB predictions?
When APB magnitudes are large enough to require installation of APB mitigation devices?
How do the mitigation devices perform over the life of the well?
The complete paper seeks to address these questions through an examination of downhole pressure and temperature measurements and a parallel analysis of model predictions. Furthermore, field data and model predictions are juxtaposed, sources of uncertainties in the measurement data and model inputs are considered, and overall uncertainties in the APB predictions (i.e., model estimates) are characterized.