bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Living alone and using social media technologies: The experience of Filipino older adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Castillo Joana Mariz C. , Garcia Laurence L. , Abalos Evalyn , Locsin Rozzano C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractProlonged implementation of lockdowns during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has resulted in older adults living alone in social isolation. The purpose of the study was to describe the meaning of the experience of Filipino older adults, who are living alone and using social media technologies during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Eight participants who met the inclusion criteria were interviewed using the snowball selection technique. Transcribed interviews were read while also listening to the recorded interviews and highlighting significant words, phrases, and statements. An iterative process of analysis using van Manen's phenomenological approach identified thematic structures and categories revealing life‐worlds of corporeality, relationality, temporality, spatiality, and materiality. The five general essences of flourishing, communicating, struggling, journeying and empowering, described the meaning of living alone and using social media technologies among older adults during the pandemic. The experience was expressed as “flourishing despite struggling to communicate, while journeying and empowering oneself and others.” Older adults in isolation struggled to communicate with others however, with social technologies opportunities were opened for them in securing needed food, safety and security, maintaining their health, and their social connectedness. Despite the physical isolation and living arrangements during the pandemic, the use of social media technologies sustained older persons' well‐being.
Inhibition of gibberellin accumulation by water deficiency promotes fast and long‐term ‘drought avoidance’ responses in tomato
Authors: Shohat Hagai , Cheriker Hadar , Kilambi Himabindu Vasuki , Illouz Eliaz Natanella , Blum Shula , Amsellem Ziva , Tarkowská Danuše , Aharoni Asaph , Eshed Yuval , Weiss David 
Published: September 2021

Summary

Plants reduce transpiration to avoid dehydration during drought episodes by stomatal closure and inhibition of canopy growth. Previous studies have suggested that low gibberellin (GA) activity promotes these ‘drought avoidance’ responses.

Using genome editing, molecular, physiological and hormone analyses, we examined if drought regulates GA metabolism in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) guard cells and leaves, and studied how this affects water loss.

Water deficiency inhibited the expression of the GA biosynthesis genes GA20 oxidase1 (GA20ox1) and GA20ox2 and induced the GA deactivating gene GA2ox7 in guard cells and leaf tissue, resulting in reduced levels of bioactive GAs. These effects were mediated by abscisic acid‐dependent and abscisic acid‐independent pathways, and by the transcription factor TINY1. The loss of GA2ox7 attenuated stomatal response to water deficiency and during soil dehydration, ga2ox7 plants closed their stomata later, and wilted faster than wild‐type (WT) M82 cv. Mutations in GA20ox1 and GA20ox2, had no effect on stomatal closure, but reduced water loss due to the mutants’ smaller canopy areas.

The results suggested that drought‐induced GA deactivation in guard cells, contributes to stomatal closure at the early stages of soil dehydration, whereas inhibition of GA synthesis in leaves suppresses canopy growth and restricts transpiration area.
Thiamine deficiency in Gambian women of reproductive age
Authors: Bourassa Megan W. , Gomes Filomena , Jones Kerry S. , Koulman Albert , Prentice Andrew M. , Cerami Carla 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThiamine deficiency disorders are associated with a variety of clinical symptoms affecting the nervous and cardiovascular systems. There is growing recognition that thiamine deficiency can occur in populations well beyond the classical region of South Asia, and at‐risk populations include those who receive a large proportion of their energy from polished white rice (or other low‐thiamine staple foods) and with low dietary diversity. Reports of thiamine deficiency in West Africa over the last century have suggested that this has historically been an issue in this population, but in more recent decades, these reports have been limited to prison populations. To understand if thiamine deficiency might be an unrecognized problem in the communities of this region, erythrocyte samples collected during the wet and dry seasons from 226 women of reproductive age (mean age = 28 years old) were assessed for thiamine status by measuring the erythrocyte transketolase activity coefficient (ETKac). Overall, 35.8% of the sample was at high risk of thiamine deficiency (ETKac ≥ 1.25). Risk of thiamine deficiency was significantly higher in the wet (47.9%) compared with the dry season (22.9%) (P < 0.001). To our knowledge, this is the first report of biochemical thiamine deficiency in a free‐living population in West Africa in the 21st century and suggests that further investigation is warranted.
The relationship between dietary elimination and maternal psychopathology in breastfeeding mothers of infants with food allergy
Authors: Yilmaz Ozlem , Kacar Anıl Safak , Gogebakan Emre , Can Ceren , Necef Isil , Mutluer Tuba , Uslu Kizilkan Nuray , Taskiran Ali Sarper , Sackesen Cansin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere has been no study evaluating the psychopathology in breastfeeding mothers of infants with food allergy (FA).ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between dietary elimination and maternal psychopathology, specifically anxiety, depression, and mother‐to‐infant bonding, in breastfeeding mothers of infants with food allergy.MethodsBreastfeeding mothers following an elimination diet due to FA in their children aged 1‐to‐12 months were compared with the healthy controls. The physician‐diagnosed FA group was divided into IgE‐, non‐IgE‐mediated, and infants with some minor symptoms which were not enough to make the diagnosis of FA were classified as Indecisive symptoms for FA group. Mothers completed standardized questionnaires including Symptom Checklist 90R, Beck Depression/Anxiety Inventories (BDI/BAI), Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (Bonding).ResultsOf 179 mother and infants, 64 were healthy, 89 were FA, 16 were indecisive symptoms for FA. The mean age of the mothers and infants were 31.1 ± 4.7 years and 6.3 ± 3.6 months, respectively. The physician‐diagnosed FA groups had higher scores for anxiety (p = .008), anger (p = .042), depression (p < .001), obsession (p = .002), phobia (p = .008), somatization (p = .002), general symptom index (GSI) (p = .001), BDI (p < .001), BAI (p = .008), and Bonding (attachment [p = .001], anger [p = .019], and total [p = .036]) than the healthy ones. The indecisive symptoms for FA group had a similar score pattern to physician‐diagnosed FA, except interpersonal sensitivity, BDI, and attachment.ConclusionBreastfeeding mothers of infants with FA were more anxious, with higher depression scores than controls, and had many psychopathologies which affected bonding. Interventions targeting negativity in caregivers' social relationships are urgently needed.
Reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption in children diagnosed with COVID‐19
Authors: Bowe Stephanie , O’Connor Cathal , Gleeson Catherine , Murphy Michelle 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe describe the cases of two immunocompetent children who developed mucositis with oral, ocular, and genital involvement during acute COVID‐19 illness. The pattern of mucosal involvement with no other cutaneous involvement was consistent with reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption (RIME). No other intercurrent infections or new medications were identified, suggesting that COVID‐19 was causative. Both patients noted improvement with systemic corticosteroid therapy.
CEO Tenure and Recall Risk Management in the Consumer Products Industry
Authors: Mayo Kevin , Ball George , Mills Alex 
Published: September 2021

Firms dread product recalls. Consequently, firm leaders may take steps to avoid recalls when possible, or to avoid the blame for them when there is someone else to blame. We analyze how the appointment of a new chief executive officer (CEO) for a firm in the consumer product industry influences the hazard of subsequent recalls initiated by that firm. Using 25 years of consumer product industry data, including 125 publicly traded firms that experienced 307 new CEOs and 584 voluntary recalls from 1992 to 2016, we find a unique recall pattern following new CEO appointments. The hazard of a recall is high immediately following a new CEO appointment, and then decreases significantly until the next CEO is appointed. We contend that the high hazard of a recall early in CEO tenure may be due to the attribution of blame to the prior CEO. We find evidence to support this contention by showing that the increase in recalls is even higher when the prior CEO was forced out. We also propose that the low hazard of a recall later in CEO tenure may be explained by recalls that can be more easily hidden, allowing them to go unannounced. We find evidence supporting this contention by showing that the decrease in recalls late in a CEO's tenure is stronger when recalls are more discretionary. We conclude with one firm governance recommendation and four regulatory policy recommendations for the Consumer Product Safety Commission.
Ecology of pitaya stem rot caused by Gilbertella persicaria and its biological control by phyllosphere bacteria
Authors: Taba Satoshi , Miyahira Nao , Nakazato Mioto , Suzuki Misaki , Suwa Ryuichi , Sekine Ken‐Taro 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGilbertella persicaria stem rot is a disease that causes rotting in the stem nodules and fruits of pitaya. Here, we aimed to study the ecology of G. persicaria and its biological control using several Bacillus subtilis strains isolated from the phyllosphere. Sporangiospores of G. persicaria were detected on different parts of the plant, with maximum density (c.239.9 propagules/cm2) found on the petals after flowering, and spore germination was observed to be considerably affected by humidity. Furthermore, the study revealed that an incision wound of at least 2 mm depth was necessary for infection by the pathogen to the stem nodule, and exposure to high temperatures (50°C) accelerated disease incidence, by disrupting resistance to the spread of the pathogen. Additionally, biological control of G. persicaria was effectively achieved by inoculation with B. subtilis strains isolated from pitaya stem nodules. Intriguingly, treatment with antagonistic bacteria reduced stem rot incidence to zero (bacterial suspension: PNB‐5, PNB‐7, and PNB‐93; culture filtrate: PNB‐7, PNB‐93, and PNB‐95), equivalent to that achieved by fungicide application in both prophylactic and simultaneous treatments. Collectively, this is the first study to demonstrate the ecology of G. persicaria and to show the potential applicability of phyllosphere bacterial strains for biological control of G. persicaria in pitaya, which could help develop effective integrated disease management strategies for the control of pitaya stem rot.
Loneliness and frailty among nursing home older adults: the multiple mediating role of social support and resilience
Authors: Zhao Xia , Si Huaxin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundLoneliness has been considered as a risk factor for frailty. Social support (as an external protective resource) and resilience (as an inner protective resource) might play protective roles on the association between loneliness and frailty. In this study, the mediating roles of social support and resilience between loneliness and frailty were explored among older adults living in nursing homes.MethodsOlder adults (N = 210) from three nursing homes in China were recruited in this cross‐sectional study. Information for sociodemographic variables, frailty, loneliness, social support and resilience were collected. The bootstrap analyses by PROCESS macro were conducted to test the multiple mediating role of social support and resilience between loneliness and frailty.ResultsThe prevalence of frailty was 34.8% among older adults in nursing homes. Also, social support and resilience mediated the association between loneliness and frailty, respectively. Furthermore, the multiple mediating testing results showed that social support and resilience played sequential mediating roles in the link of loneliness to frailty.ConclusionsThe findings underscore the protective role of social support and resilience of loneliness and frailty among nursing home older adults.
An Electromyographically Driven Cervical Spine Model in OpenSim
Authors: Barrett Jeff M. , McKinnon Colin D. , Dickerson Clark R. , Callaghan Jack P. 
Published: September 2021

Relatively few biomechanical models exist aimed at quantifying the mechanical risk factors associated with neck pain. In addition, there is a need to validate spinal-rhythm techniques for inverse dynamics spine models. Therefore, the present investigation was 3-fold: (1) the development of a cervical spine model in OpenSim, (2) a test of a novel spinal-rhythm technique based on minimizing the potential energy in the passive tissues, and (3) comparison of an electromyographically driven approach to estimating compression and shear to other cervical spine models. The authors developed ligament force–deflection and intervertebral joint moment–angle curves from published data. The 218 Hill-type muscle elements, representing 58 muscles, were included and their passive forces validated against in vivo data. Our novel spinal-rhythm technique, based on minimizing the potential energy in the passive tissues, disproportionately assigned motion to the upper cervical spine that was not physiological. Finally, using kinematics and electromyography collected from 8 healthy male volunteers, the authors calculated the compression at C7–T1 as a function of the head–trunk Euler angles. Differences from other models varied from 25.5 to 368.1 N. These differences in forces may result in differences in model geometry, passive components, number of degrees of freedom, or objective functions.
Hypomobility in Males and Hypermobility in Females are Risk Factors for Shoulder Pain Among Young Swimmers
Authors: Mise Takao , Mitomi Yosuke , Mouri Saki , Takayama Hiroki , Inoue Yoshitomo , Inoue Mamoru , Akuzawa Hiroshi , Kaneoka Koji 
Published: September 2021

Context: The range of shoulder rotation is associated with shoulder pain in young male and female swimmers. However, the association between shoulder pain and shoulder complex mobility of the scapulothoracic and acromioclavicular joints has not yet been examined. Moreover, shoulder pain occurs more frequently in females than in males, but only a few studies have examined the relationship between shoulder pain and sex as a risk factor. This study aims to determine the association between shoulder complex mobility and shoulder pain in young male and female swimmers. Design: Prospective cohort design. Methods: The participants were competitive swimmers (n = 76; 37 males and 39 females) with a mean age of 14 years in Japan. The shoulder rotation width, which was the index of shoulder complex mobility, shoulder internal and external rotation range, and middle finger distance of the back-scratch test were measured. An examiner regularly visited the swimming clubs to evaluate the development of shoulder pain and swimming distance. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the physical characteristics related to the overall development of shoulder pain in both female and male swimmers. The cutoff value was calculated using receiver operating characteristic curves. Results: Sixteen participants, composed of 8 males and 8 females, developed shoulder pain. The overall swimming distance of the male (odds ratio [OR]: 1.0007, P = .01) and female (OR: 1.0018, P = .02) swimmers and the shoulder rotation width of the male (OR: 1.0952, P = .04) and female (OR: 0.888, P = .03) swimmers were identified as risk factors for shoulder pain. The cutoff value for swimming distance was 6000 m. Shoulder rotation width was more than 88 cm in males and <54 cm in females. Conclusions: Hypomobility and hypermobility of the shoulder complex were identified as risk factors for shoulder pain in male and female swimmers, respectively.
Metamorphism obscures primary taphonomic pathways in the early Cambrian Sirius Passet Lagerstätte, North Greenland
Authors: Nielsen Morten Lunde , Lee Mirinae , Ng Hong Chin , Rushton Jeremy C. , Hendry Katharine R. , Kihm Ji-Hoon , Nielsen Arne T. , Park Tae-Yoon S. , Vinther Jakob , Wilby Philip R. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Correct interpretation of soft-bodied fossils relies on a thorough understanding of their taphonomy. While the focus has often been on the primary roles of decay and early diagenesis, the impacts of deeper burial and metamorphism on fossil preservation are less well understood. We document a sequence of late-stage mineral replacements in panarthropod fossils from the Sirius Passet Lagerstätte (North Greenland), an important early Cambrian Burgess Shale–type (BST) biota. Muscle and gut diverticula were initially stabilized by early diagenetic apatite, prior to being pervasively replaced by quartz and then subordinate chlorite, muscovite, and chloritoid during very low- to low-grade metamorphism. Each new mineral replicates the soft tissues with different precision and occurs in particular anatomical regions, imposing strong biases on the biological information retained. Muscovite and chloritoid largely obliterate the tissues’ original detail, suggesting that aluminum-rich protoliths may have least potential for conserving mineralized soft tissues in metamorphism. Overall, the fossils exhibit a marked shift toward mineralogical equilibration with the matrix, obscuring primary taphonomic modes. Sequential replacement of the phosphatized soft tissues released phosphorus to form new accessory monazite (and apatite and xenotime), whose presence in other BST biotas might signal the prior, more widespread, occurrence of this primary mode of preservation. Our results provide critical context for interpreting the Sirius Passet biota and for identifying late-stage overprints in other biotas.
Guttulatic calcite: A carbonate microtexture that reveals frigid formation conditions
Authors: Scheller Eva L. , Grotzinger John , Ingalls Miquela 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The paragenesis of carbonate pseudomorphic textures in the rock record that are inferred to represent replaced metastable ikaite (CaCO3·6H2O), which forms at frigid temperatures, is uncertain. Petrographic analysis of Mono Lake (California, USA) Pleistocene tufas allowed recognition of a distinctive calcite microtexture, termed guttulatic calcite, that forms during carbonate dehydration and is diagnostic for precursor ikaite. The texture is characterized by pseudo-hexagonal or spherical low-Mg cores, which likely formed initially as vaterite, with an ellipsoidal overgrowth, and a secondary high-Mg sparry or micritic cement. Observations of Mono Lake ikaite pseudomorphs, combined with a review of more ancient examples, indicate that guttulatic texture records carbonate dehydration of precursor ikaite and can be used to infer frigid paleotemperatures.
Food Spectrum, Trophic and Length-Weight Characteristics of Nonindigenous Suckermouth Armored Catfishes Pterygoplichthys spp. (Loricariidae) in Vietnam
Authors: Stolbunov I. A. , Gusakov V. A. , Dien Tran Duc , Thanh Nguyen Thi Hai 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The food spectrum and trophic and length–weight characteristics of an invasive species, South American suckermouth armored catfishes Pterygoplichthys spp. (Loricariidae), from lotic and lentic inland waters of Vietnam have been studied. It is found that the diet of suckermouth armored catfishes consists of plant and animal food, as well as organic detritus. According to the predominant type and pattern of feeding, suckermouth armored catfishes can be classified as detritivore gatherers (janitor). Some specimens of catfish with a high consumption of animal food have been identified. It is noted that invasive suckermouth armored catfishes can be a significant food competitor for aboriginal fish species; detritivores; and, possibly, benthophages in the lotic and lentic inland waters of Vietnam.
Under-reporting of non-fatal occupational injuries among precarious and non-precarious workers in Sweden
Authors: Kreshpaj Bertina , Bodin Theo , Wegman David H , Matilla-Santander Nuria , Burstrom Bo , Kjellberg Katarina , Davis Letitia , Hemmingsson Tomas , Jonsson Johanna , Håkansta Carin , Orellana Cecilia 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundUnder-reporting of occupational injuries (OIs) among precariously employed workers in Sweden challenges effective surveillance of OIs and targeted preventive measures.ObjectiveTo estimate the magnitude of under-reporting of OIs among precarious and non-precarious workers in Sweden in 2013.MethodsCapture–recapture methods were applied using the national OIs register and records from a labour market insurance company. Employed workers 18–65 resident in Sweden in 2013 were included in the study (n=82 949 OIs). Precarious employment was operationalised using the national labour market register, while injury severity was constructed from the National Patient Register. Under-reporting estimates were computed stratifying by OIs severity and by sociodemographic characteristics, occupations and precarious employment.ResultsUnder-reporting of OIs followed a dose–response pattern according to the levels of precariousness (the higher the precarious level, the higher the under-reporting) being for the precarious group (22.6%, 95% CI 21.3% to 23.8%), followed by the borderline precarious (17.6%, 95% CI 17.1% to 18.2%) and lastly the non-precarious (15.0%, 95% CI 14.7% to 15.3%). Under-reporting of OIs, decreased as the injury severity increased and was higher with highest level of precariousness in all groups of severity. We also observed higher under-reporting estimates among all occupations in the precarious and borderline precarious groups as compared with the non-precarious ones.ConclusionsThis is the first register-based study to empirically demonstrate in Sweden that under-reporting of OIs is 50% higher among precariously employed workers. OIs under-reporting may represent unrecognised injuries that especially burden precariously employed workers as financial, health and social consequences shift from the employer to the employee.