bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the Russian-language Wikipedia articles on medicines using new knowledge Cochrane
Authors: Potapov A S , Alexandrova E G , Yudina E V , Ziganshina L E 
Published: August 2021

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of the Cochrane Russia Initiative to improve the articles of the Russian-language Wikipedia by including information from Cochrane Systematic Reviews (CSR) to ensure the accuracy and impartiality of their content as an information basis for the quality use of medicines by doctors and the public.
Methods. Wikipedia articles on selected drugs were improved by introducing evidence from Cochrane Systematic Reviews Cochrenized. A parallel open-label non-randomized controlled intervention study was conducted. We assigned 2 groups of drugs and Wikipedia articles about them: the intervention group (Cochrenization) and the control group (36 articles each). Control group articles were not edited. The change in the number of visits to Wikipedia pages for the year (20182019) was measured, the statistical significance of the differences was assessed by using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
Results. We edited 36 Wikipedia articles, including 13 articles on migraine treatment, 9 diabetes mellitus, 14 pain and inflammation articles. These articles constituted the intervention group. The control group consisted of articles on cardiovascular (11), gastrointestinal (14) and dermatological agents (11). We used the Cochrane Russia Initiative dashboard on Wikipedia to compare the number of article views before and after the intervention and Cochrane analytics on demand for translations of Cochrane systematic reviews summaries. After Cochrenization, the number of Wikipedia article views (20182019) increased in total/average article views for treatments: migraines by 18%/47%, pain and inflammation 16%/43%, diabetes mellitus 18%/0%. Analysis of Cochrane reports showed an increase in the number of views of Cochrane systematic reviews summaries on the Cochrane.org website in general by 9 times and from Russian-speaking browsers by 11 times. Improvement of medicine-related articles of the Russian-language Wikipedia by the introduction of information from Cochrane systematic reviews was accompanied by an increase in their demand in terms of the number of views in general by 34%, with a similar increase in control (without intervention) (p-value of the experimental group 0.002, control 0.000). The Wikipedia articles on medicines, which belonged to the Russian Vital and Essential Drugs List or the World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines, got more views.
Conclusion. The role of confounding factors justifies the feasibility of developing a methodology for studying the usefulness of improving Wikipedia articles, different from controlled trial research methodology; further inclusion of Cochrane knowledge into Wikipedia is needed.
Analysis of microcirculatory disorders in men with more than 10 years’ experience on night work
Authors: Gribanov I A , Zarubina E G 
Published: August 2021

Aim. To study the nature and extent of the effects of long-term sleep and wake phase disorders (working at night for more than 10 years) on the characteristics of microcirculation in men.
Methods. Laser Doppler flowmetry and spectophotometry, optical tissue oximetry, and laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy were performed in 34 male patients with a mean age of 40.30.9 years and more than 10 years experience of night work to assess the effectiveness of microcirculation. 25 men with a mean age of 40.21.2 without night work experience were used as a control group. Microcirculation was studied on the laser diagnostic complex LAKK-M (LAZMA, Russian Federation). The measurement was carried out on the skin of the palmar surface of the terminal phalanx of the second finger of the hand. The following indicators were analyzed in automatic mode: the mean perfusion value, the index of specific oxygen consumption in the tissue, capillary blood saturation, the relative volume of the red blood cell fraction, arterial blood oxygen saturation, the index of perfusion oxygen saturation in the microcirculation, the efficiency of oxygen exchange and the fluorescent indicator of oxygen consumption. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the Student's t-test for independent samples.
Results. In patients working at night for more than 10 years, a decrease in microcirculation efficiency was revealed. The index of specific oxygen consumption in the tissue was lower than that of healthy volunteers by 34.1% (p=0.000255), and the index of oxygen exchange efficiency by 56.3% (p 0.001). Long-term night work (10 years) can lead to violations of microcirculation parameters and an irreversible decrease in the efficiency of oxygen exchange compared with the control group by an average of 56.3% (18.00.5 for the group with night work experience, 41.20.6 for the group of healthy volunteers, p 0.001), the index of specific oxygen consumption in the tissue by an average of 34.1% (1.530.03 for the group with night work experience, 2.320.2 for the group of healthy volunteers, p=0.000255) and an increase in the index of perfusion oxygen saturation in the microcirculation by 2 times compared with the control group (6.20.05 for the group with night work experience, 3.670.09 for the group of healthy volunteers, p 0.001), which is accompanied by an increase in the saturation of mixed (and venous) blood.
Conclusion. The nature of the revealed violations of microcirculatory parameters in the long-term night work suggests their significance in the development of diseases that are currently attributable to the so-called group of diseases of civilization.
Efficacy of Leu-Ile-Lys tripeptide in the correction of experimental urate nephrolithiasis
Authors: Zharikov A Yu , Mazko O N , Makarova O G , Bobrov I P , Kalnitsky A S , Zharikova G V , Yakushev N N , Gossen I E 
Published: August 2021

Aim. To study the effect of the Leu-Ile-Lys (leucine-isoleucine-lysine) tripeptide on the course of experimental urate nephrolithiasis.
Methods. The experiment was carried out on 23 male Wistar rats weighing 200220 grams that were divided into a control (n=8, modeling of urate nephrolithiasis) and an experimental (n=15, modeling of urate nephrolithiasis + administration of Leu-Ile-Lys tripeptide) groups. The tripeptide was administered intragastrically through a tube at a dose of 11.5 mg/kg. Daily urine was collected on a weekly basis, and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase was determined. After three weeks of the experiment, the animals were euthanized, and kidneys were removed to determine the parameters of free radical oxidation [concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TARS), total pro-oxidant and total antioxidant activity, the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX)] and conduct a morphological study in which the number and area of calculi and the condition of the renal tissues were determined. Statistical data processing was performed using the Statistica 12.0 software. We used the MannWhitney U test, the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The results are presented as median with the 25th and 75th percentiles. The differences were considered significant at p 0.05.
Results. In the kidneys of the rats of the experimental group, the number of deposits decreased twofold, as compared with the control group (1.60.2 and 3.20.4, respectively, p=0.001). Lactate dehydrogenase activity in the urine of rats increased from 0.10 (0.06; 0.21) units/mg of creatinine per day initially to 0.75 (0.44; 1.07) units/mg creatinine per day on day 21 (p=0.012) in the control group, and from 0.10 (0.06; 0.12) units/mg creatinine per day to 0.45 (0.34; 0.71) units/mg creatinine per day on 21st day (p=0.003) in the experimental group. The concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the experimental group was 1.2 times lower than that of the control group: 4.2 (3.9; 4.6) mol and 5.1 (4.7; 5.5) mol, respectively (p 0.001). In addition, in the kidneys of the rats of the experimental group, the total antioxidant activity was 1.3 times higher than in control: 70.4 (65.4; 74.1)% and 53.8 (33.3; 62.2)% respectively (p 0.001). Superoxide dismutase activity in the experimental group was 1.5 times higher than in the control group: 12.4 (11.0; 13.2)% against 8.1 (6.4; 13.1)% (p=0.016). Catalase activity in the experimental group was 1.2 times higher than in the control group: 31.1 (26.4; 36.1)% against 25.1 (20.3; 27.1)% (p=0.005).
Conclusion. The Leu-Ile-Lys tripeptide has a litholytic effect, manifested in a statistically significant decrease in the activity of oxidative stress markers (p 0,001) and a twofold decrease in the average amount of uric acid kidney stones (p 0,001).
A cross-sectional observational study assessing the liver function in malarial patients
Authors: Mehta Dhara P. , Shah Purva C. , Daveshwar Meena 
Published: August 2021

Background: Malaria is a major cause of morbidity in the tropics, being a disease of global importance that results in 300-500 million cases annually. Liver involvement manifests as jaundice, hyperbilirubinemia, hepatomegaly and elevated enzymes (transaminases and alkaline phosphatase). Our objective in this study was to evaluate the role of liver function as an indicator of malaria in endemic regions and as a marker of disease severity.Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study conducted in central laboratory, department of pathology, central laboratory, department of biochemistry, and out-patient department, department of medicine, medical college Baroda and SSG hospital over a period of ten months, from February, 2019 to November, 2019 and included 137 microscopy proven malaria positive cases. The parasite density on peripheral smear was graded as scanty, moderate and heavy. After procuring the records of serum bilirubin, SGPT and SGOT, statistical analysis of the data was performed.Results: All the 3 parameters show maximum derangement in severe parasitemia with mean values of 3.57, 81.44, and 92.9. While comparing vivax and falciparum malaria, all the LFTs studied show greater derangement in Plasmodium Falciparum when compared to Plasmodium vivax, with greatest difference seen in bilirubin levels (27.78% cases with hyperbilirubinemia in Plasmodium vivax versus 71.43% cases of Plasmodium falciparum showing hyperbilirubinemia).Conclusions: We conclude that altered liver function in form of hyperbilirubinemia and increased liver enzymes in a patient with acute febrile illness increase the probability of malaria, hence directing the clinician along the correct path of further work-up and accurate treatment.
Pharmacological Evaluation of Antipyretic, Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Cassia fistula
Authors: Sharma D.K. , Sharma S.K. , Lonare M.K. , Kaur Rajdeep , Dumka V.K. 
Published: August 2021

Background: The antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of two concentrations (100 and 200 mg/kg) of ethanolic extract of leaf, bark, flower and fruit pulp of C. fistula were determined in male wistar albino rats. Methods: Antipyretic activity was assessed by E. coli endotoxin induced pyrexia. Analgesic activity was assessed by hot plate, tail immersion and acetic acid induced writhing test. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by carrageenan-induced rat paw edema assay. Result: Significant (p less than 0.05) antipyretic activity was exhibited from 2h onwards by bark extract @ 200 mg/kg and from 3h onwards by bark extract @100 mg/kg and leaves extract @ 200mg/kg as compared to control group. Significant (p less than 0.05) analgesic activity was shown by extract of bark @ 200 mg/kg as it is evident by increase in reflex time in hot plate (90,120,180 min), tail immersion test (120,180 min) and inhibition of writhing (32.12%). Significant (p less than 0.05) anti-inflammatory activity was exhibited from 3h post administration by bark @ 200 and leaves @ 100 and 200 mg/kg.
Perceptions of e-learning among medical students during COVID-19 pandemic in a medical institution, Kerala
Authors: KURUVİLLA Babita , THOMAS Ann , KALLİATH Jacob , JOHN Alexander , ROSE Brilly 
Published: August 2021

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has made a smorgasbord of changes in the educational sector worldwide. It has compelled us to resort to internet media as an alternative to complete the required syllabus. Objective: To assess the perceptions of E-learning among medical students in private medical institution in Kerala. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students in a private medical institution for a period of 2 months. Three hundred and two medical undergraduates from all batches who consented to participate were included in the study. Data was collected using a semi structured questionnaire through Google forms. Results: E-learning was preferred by 19.9% students over conventional classroom learning and 74.2% perceived it as difficult. Nearly half of the students were anxious about their future education and career. Flexibility of learning (75.5%) was a major advantage whereas technological constraints (85.6%), fatigue of eyes (60.3%), lack of motivation(54%) were some of the constraints of E-learning listed by them. Conclusion: Overall, three – fourth of the medical students have had a good E-learning experience. However acceptable alternatives are to be adopted by the medical universities for maintaining the uniformity of teaching and retaining the quality of medical education.
Klasifikasi Puisi Arab Jahiliyah Menurut Ibn Qutaybah dalam Kitab al-Shi'r wa-al-Shu‘arā’
Authors: Muyassarah  , Abadi Jaenafil 
Published: August 2021

This research discusses the classification of Arabic poem (shi‘r) of the pre-Islamic period (Jahilīyah) in the book of al-Shi‘r wa-al-Shu‘arā’ by Abū Muḥammad ‘Abdullāh ibn Muslim ibn Qutaybah. In this research, we review in simple terms the classification of poems based on the quality of lafaẓ and meaning, the quality of lafaẓ, the quality of meaning, and the quality of limited lafaẓ and meaning a literary work, especially in the poem (shi‘r) as described in the book of al-Shi‘r wa-al-Shu‘arā’. Through the poem, the Arabic poet of Jahilī expresses his feelings through the poem he creates. The theme raised in the poem is the reality or quotes that are very familiar with the life of the Arab community at that time. One of the most influential Arabic poets of Jahilī is Imru’ al-Qays. In his poetry, Imru’ al-Qays describes his feelings, both regarding love, greed, sadness, spree, and so on relating to the conditions of the Arab environment. Likewise with other poets took the theme of poetry that was inseparable from the various Arab cultures.
Molecular Sub-typing of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma
Authors: Drago Thomas 
Published: August 2021

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common form of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) in adults. Affecting nearly 7 out of every 100,000 people in the United States annually, this hematogenous neoplasm is known for its aggressiveness and rapid development. Being the most common NHL, it has been divided into several subgroups based on pathogenesis and treatment methods. In particular, subtypes such as germinal center, activated B-cell-like, and primary mediastinal diffuse large B-cell lymphomas have been divided by their uniqueness of pathology at the cellular level. Knowing the numerous cytokines, inflammatory markers, and other microcellular processes that these lymphomas disrupt can help target an effective therapeutic at the disease.
Limitations and opportunities of cancer treatment in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Orlova R. V. , Kaledina E. A. , Malkova A. M. , Zhukova N. V. , Naymushina P. A. , Beliak N. P. , Jukova A. E. , Sarmatova A. S. , Karaseva N. A. , Egorova I. V. , Teslenko K. N. , Tarasov A. V. 
Published: August 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all medical fields and brought up a lot of serious problems. The features of the COVID-19 infection in patients with cancer are important to understand. According to many articles, patients with cancer are more vulnerable to COVID-19 infection. Patients undergoing anticancer treatment have 1-4% morbidity rate. Patients with hematological diseases and lung cancer are at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and also have more severe symptoms and complications. In this article we discuss the effect of the tumors on the immune system and comprehend the pathogenesis of the coronavirus disease according to its impact on the immunity. Moreover, in the review we analyze available data about the influence of the different types of cancer therapy (chemotherapy, target therapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy) on the severity of the COVID-19 infection. Evidence on the effect of chemotherapy on severity and mortality from COVID-19 is contradictory. Whereas there are some authors concluding that chemotherapy treatment is not affecting the severity of COVID-19 disease, there are also some works where the connection between these facts was established. At the same time target therapy, radio- and immunotherapy most likely do not worsen the SARS-CoV-2 infection and are not associated with the development of complications. But it’s important to say that the amount of data available for today is insufficient to make a unambiguous conclusion.
Combined treatment of patients with localized pancreatic cancer of elderly and senile age
Authors: Moskvicheva L. I. , Bolotina L. V. , Kornietskaya A. L. , Sidorov D. V. , Grishin N. A. , Lozhkin M. V. , Kaprin A. D. 
Published: August 2021

Introduction. The gold standard for the treatment of patients with a localized form of pancreatic cancer is radical surgical intervention. It is characterized by a high frequency of postoperative complications and is not performed in patients with a weakened general functional status and the presence of multiple severe concomitant somatic pathology.Purpose. The aim of this study is a assessment of the safety and effectiveness of combined treatment with the inclusion of gemcitabine chemotherapy and HIFU therapy in somatically inoperable patients with localized pancreatic adenocarcinoma of the elderly and senile age.Materials and methods. This study involved 15 patients with stage II (T3N0-1M0) disease aged 60 years and older, with a performance status ECOG 2 and a high operational and anesthetic risk, who received palliative combined treatment on the basis of the P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute in the period from 2017 to 2020. HIFU therapy was performed on the HIFU2001 (Shenzhen Huikang Medical Apparatus Co., Ltd.), local treatment sessions were carried out in the amount of 3–8 per course, conducted daily, in the intervals between days of intravenous administration of gemcitabine at a dosage of 1000 mg/m2 (1, 8, 15 days every 4 weeks).Results. Adverse events of systemic drug therapy were observed in 9 (60%) patients, local complications of HIFU therapy — in 6 (37.5%) patients. 6 months after the start of treatment, pain control was achieved in 87.5% of patients, local progression of the disease was detected in 2 (13.3%) cases, and a partial tumor response was determined in 2 patients and stable disease in 11 patients. The median overall survival was 19 months, and the median progression-free survival was 12 months. The overall 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rate was 80%, 20%, and 13%, respectively, and the 1-year progression-free survival rate was 54%.Conclusions. The results of this study demonstrate the prospects of using a combination of HIFU therapy and gemcitabine monotherapy in somatically inoperable patients with localized pancreatic adenocarcinoma of the elderly and senile age.
Five-year results of nivolumab for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer in clinical practice of the N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center
Authors: Yudin D. I. , Laktionov K. K. , Sarantseva K. A. , Breder V. V. , Ardzinba M. S. , Reutova E. V. , Borisova O. I. 
Published: August 2021

Introduction. Lung cancer remains the one of the most common and fatal cancers in the world. For a long time, chemotherapy was the only treatment option for metastatic lung cancer. Currently, immunotherapy became the one of the preferred options of treatment.The purpose of our work was to evaluate the long-term results of using the PD-1 inhibitor nivolumab in real-world settings.Materials and methods. 108 pretreated patients with metastatic NSCLC were included in this non-randomized, observational study. The median follow-up time was 54.5 months.Results. Median overall survival was 8.8 months (6-12, 95% CI). The five-year overall survival rate was 19.4%. Median progressionfree survival was 3.9 months (3-5, 95% CI). The five-year progression-free survival rate was 7.7%. Overall response rate (ORR) was 18%. In patients with ORR, the median overall survival was not achieved. Prolongation of immunotherapy after disease progression had a positive effect on the overall survival of patients. Clinically significant immuno-related adverse events developed in 21% of patients, but only 7.3% showed the development of adverse events grade 3-4 that required discontinuation of immunotherapy. A rare complication that we met was a case of encephalopathy, to which the patient achieved durable complete response despite discontinuation of immonotherapy.Conclusion. Received survival, efficacy and safety data may inform treatment decisions for patients with metastatic NSCLC in real world settings.
Some aspects of nivolumab administration in treatment for metastatic melanoma (clinical cases)
Authors: Vladimirova L. Yu. , Storozhakova A. Eh. , Popova I. L. , Kabanov S. N. , Abramova N. A. , Teplyakova M. A. , Tikhanovskaya N. M. , Novoselova K. A. , Lyanova A. A. , Ryadinskaya L. A. , Myagkova V. S. , Alieva F. V. , Kalabanova E. A. , Svetitskaya Ya. V. , Samaneva N. Yu. , Tishina A. V. 
Published: August 2021

The development of a new direction in anticancer medical therapy – the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1/ PD-L1 and CTLA-4 – has significantly changed the approach to tumor treatment in the last few years. The PD1 blocker nivolumab in major registered clinical trials improved overall survival, including in metastatic melanoma, with a favorable toxicity profile. However, its efficacy in patients with brain metastases from melanoma was poorly studied, since the inclusion criteria for most clinical trials do not envisage recruiting such patients. The immune-mediated toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors is currently well enough studied. However, cases of cutaneous toxicity are quite rare and present certain difficulties for differential diagnosis and treatment. This article presents two cases of effective nivolumab treatment in patients with generalized BRAFwt and BRAFmut cutaneous melanoma. The first case is of interest due to the presence of brain metastases in the patient. Nivolumab therapy helped achieving complete regression of intracranial metastases with the long-term effect. The second case, in addition to effective treatment, demonstrates a rare manifestation of skin toxicity – vitiligo on the face and upper extremities.