bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribuições de um programa de Educação a Distância sobre Educação Inclusiva para a formação continuada do professor em início de carreira.
Authors: Silva Ione Arsenio , Reali Aline 
Published: February 2021

A formação do professor é um processo contínuo e cada etapa ou ciclo da atividade docente requer um tipo de conhecimento específico, já que, as necessidades formativas de um professor em início de carreira diferem daquele com mais de 10 anos na profissão, que por sua vez, difere do que já atua nela há 20 anos. Assim, pode-se entender que o período inicial de formação docente é insuficiente para oferecer todos os conhecimentos de que um professor necessita para o desenvolvimento de sua prática educativa. Nesse sentido, outros espaços e períodos de formação como a continuada são considerados como imprescindíveis para subsidiar o trabalho docente. Este artigo trata sobre um estudo que procurou oferecer contribuições na busca por novos espaços formativos na medida em que investigou a formação do professor dentro do contexto da EaD. A partir da seguinte questão de pesquisa: Quais os limites e possibilidades de um programa de formação continuada a distancia via internet para professores dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental? Conduzimos um estudo efetuado totalmente a distancia em um ambiente telemático via Portal dos Professores (UFSCar) através da plataforma MOODLE, voltado para professores iniciantes. Adotando o modelo metodológico denominado construtivo – colaborativo, nossa investigação revelou entre outros pontos que a EaD via internet é um meio eficaz de formação profissional pois a web hoje oferece recursos capazes de romper com uma formação baseada na simples transmissão de conteúdo e com a ideia de aprendizagem passiva oportunizando a formação de grupos virtuais de trabalho e de aprendizagem.
Empezar con buen pie: inserción a la enseñanza para profesores principiantes
Authors: García Carlos Marcelo 
Published: February 2021

Los profesores, en su proceso de aprendizaje, pasan por diferentes etapas. De todas estas fases la que más nos interesa en este artículo es la que se inicia con los primeros contactos con la realidad de la escuela, asumiendo el papel profesional reservado a los docentes. La inserción profesional en la enseñanza es el periodo de tiempo que abarca los primeros años, en los cuales los profesores han de realizar la transición desde estudian­tes a docentes. Es un periodo de tensiones y aprendizajes inten­sivos en contextos generalmente desconocidos y durante el cual los profesores principiantes deben adquirir conocimiento profesional además de conseguir mantener un cierto equilibrio personal. Los programas de inserción profesional para los profesores principiantes son una verdadera alternativa para favorecer que los primeros años como docentes no sean años frustrantes. a lo que hemos denominado “aterriza como puedas”.
The Tonga earthquake of 23 June, 1977 some initial observations
Authors: Campbell M. D. , McKay G. R. , Williams R. L. 
Published: February 2021

Following the 23 June, 1977 Tonga earthquake, the authors were made available by the New Zealand Ministry of Works and Development (through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Bi-lateral Aid Programme) to the Tongan Government to help survey building damage and to recommend repairs and strengthening necessary to protect the structures from future earthquakes. The authors were also required to supervise government reconstruction teams.
Recommendations are at present being prepared for structural design requirements for future building work in the Kingdom.
Total robotic surgical volume influences outcomes of low-volume robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy over an extended duration
Authors: Aldousari Saad , Yaiesh Said , Alkandari Omar 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: The objective of this study was to examine the surgeon’s experience of low-volume robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) over an extended duration, and whether a high-volume fellowship-training influenced the outcomes.
Methods: Data on all RAPN at a tertiary center performed by a uro-oncologist were retrospectively collected. The surgeon experience was assessed by examining perioperative outcomes among three groups of consecutive patients (first=14, second=14, third=15 patients, respectively).
Results: Between February 2014 and February 2020, 45 RAPNs were performed out of a total of 200 robotic procedures. The median tumor size was 3 cm, and 28 (65%) patients had a R.E.N.A.L nephrometry score (RNS) ≥7. The median operative time and warm ischemia time (WIT) were 190 and 16 minutes, respectively. The median estimated blood loss (EBL) was 100 mL. Two (4%) patients had a positive surgical margin (PSM). Overall, five (12%) complications were recorded. All except one were minor (Clavien I–II). The median followup was 26.2 months. Trifecta and pentafecta were achieved in 40 (93%) and 27 (81.8%) patients, respectively. Increased surgeon experience was significantly associated with a shorter operative time and less EBL. Furthermore, there was an independent association between surgeon experience and operative time and EBL, and between RNS and operative time and WIT.
Conclusions: With fellowship training and subsequent adequate total number of robotic procedures during practice, it is possible to perform RAPN with favorable perioperative outcomes in the setting of low-volume of cases over an extended duration.
Radical cystectomy and perioperative chemotherapy in octogenarians with bladder cancer
Authors: Savin Ziv , Hertzberg Haim , Schreter Eran , Ben David Reuben , Bar-Yosef Yuval , Sofer Mario , Beri Avi , Yossepowitch Ofer , Mano Roy 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: We aimed to compare the treatment patterns and oncological outcomes, including postoperative morbidity and chemotherapy use, between octogenarians and patients <80 years of age who underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 119 patients who underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer at our center between January 2013 and April 2019. Comorbidities, clinical and pathological data, 30-day postoperative morbidity, and perioperative chemotherapy use were compared between octogenarians (n=31) and younger patients (n=88). Cancer-specific and overall survival rates were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method and compared between the groups.
Results: No significant differences were found between the age groups in clinical and pathological findings, including Charlson comorbidity index, modified frailty index, albumin level, renal function, and TNM stage. The median followup for survivors was 19 months (interquartile range [IQR] 11–30). Major complications (Clavien-Dindo grade ≥3) and 30-day postoperative mortality rates did not differ between the age groups (p=0.3 and p=0.18, respectively). Despite no difference in baseline glomerular filtration rates, perioperative chemotherapy utilization rate was lower among octogenarians compared to younger patients (13% vs. 34%, p=0.03). Estimated two-year cancer-specific survival for octogenerians and younger patients were 40% and 75%, respectively. Similarly, estimated two-year overall survival rates were 30% and 69%, respectively. Both cancer-specific and overall survival rates were significantly lower in octogenarians (p=0.007 and p=0.001, respectively).
Conclusions: Radical cystectomy in octogenarians results in comparable short-term outcomes as in younger patients. However, in the elderly population, perioperative chemotherapy utilization rates are lower and survival is inferior.
Cooled (4ºC) lidocaine during office cystoscopy improves patient satisfaction and comfort: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled study
Authors: Razdan Sanjay , Bajpai Rajesh , Razdan Shirin , Sanchez-Gonzalez Marcos 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Office-based flexible cystoscopy is often associated with considerable discomfort in male patients. We devised this study to prospectively evaluate the efficacy of cooling intraurethral lidocaine jelly to 4ºC prior to use in office-based cystoscopy in an effort to reduce male patient discomfort.
Methods: A total of 600 male patients scheduled for office diagnostic cystoscopy were enrolled and randomized into three groups for a prospectively controlled, double-blind study. Each group received one of the three methods of intraurethral lubrication: plain room temperature lubricant (control) (CON), room temperature lidocaine (LI), or lidocaine at 4ºC (LI4ºC). Perceived pain was recorded on a Likert visual analog scale (VAS) of 1–10 where 0=no pain and 10=excruciating pain. Kruskal-Wallis test assessed the efficacy of cooling lidocaine compared to room temperature lidocaine and control. Subjective pain reporting was corroborated with instantaneous objective pulse rate recording eliminating perception bias.
Results: There was no significant difference in cystoscopy duration between all groups. Mean pain scores (mean ± standard deviation) were 4.05±0.91, 2.74±1.01, and 1.8±0.84, respectively, for groups CON, LI, and LI4ºC (p=0.02). There was a 32.34% reduction in the mean pain score of LI and a further reduction of 34.3% was achieved in LI4ºC when compared to CON. Body mass index (BMI) and prostate weight had a significant positive correlation with pain score, whereas no such correlation was found with age.
Conclusions: Cooling lidocaine to 4ºC provides additional analgesic benefit in men undergoing office cystoscopy and increases compliance.
Prostate cancer detection with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/cognitive fusion biopsy: Comparing standard and targeted prostate biopsy with final prostatectomy histology
Authors: Ryan James , Broe Mark P. , Moran Diarmaid , Mulvin David , Heffernan Eric , Swan Niall , Moran Deirdre E. 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: The use of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with targeted biopsies of the prostate improves the diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer. Recent studies have shown that targeted prostate biopsies also more accurately predict final histopathology after radical prostatectomy (RP). There are three broad techniques for performing MRI-targeted prostate biopsy: cognitive MRI/ultrasound (US) fusion, software MRI/US fusion, and in-bore MRI-guided. Current practices recommend that a standard systematic 12-core prostate biopsy be performed, as well as targeted biopsies in patients with positive MRI findings. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of histological grading of cognitive MRI/US fusion prostate biopsy by comparing the histology from the targeted biopsy specimens (TB), standard systematic specimens (SB), and the combination of both (CB) specimens with the final histological grade from subsequent prostatectomy.
Methods: A retrospective, single-center review of 115 patients who underwent standard systematic and cognitive MRI/US-targeted biopsy of the prostate before undergoing a RP between 2016 and 2019 was performed. MRI findings, biopsy, final histology International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grades, and patient demographics were collected. Cochran’s Q test and McNemar test were used to compare the differences in upgrading, downgrading, and concordance between each biopsy group.
Results: The concordance between SB, TB, and CB biopsy were 28.7%, 49.6%, and 50.4%, respectively. There was no significant difference in concordance between TB and CB. Patients were more likely to be downgraded on the final histology when comparing CB with TB alone (26.1% vs. 16.5%, p<0.05). In cases where an ISUP grade 1 cancer was diagnosed on TB (n=24), there was a 62.5% chance that the final histology would be upgraded. In the same sample, when combined with a SB, the risk of upgrading on final histology reduced to 37.5%.
Conclusions: Although grading concordance between TB and CB were similar, the concomitant use of a SB significantly reduced the rate of upgrading in the final RP histopathology. CB may result in better decision-making regarding treatment options and also have implications for intraoperative planning.
Knowledge, skills, and confidence among healthcare staff in urinary catheterization
Authors: Bhatt Nikita R , Davis Niall F. , Thorman Hannah , Brierly Robert , Scopes Judy 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: There is an increasing volume of urology referrals for urinary catheterization (UC). The aim of this study was to determine the confidence and knowledge among healthcare staff on UC. We also assessed their satisfaction with training and support received during catheter education and clinical practice.
Methods: This was a mixed-methods model using an anonymous online survey circulated among all hospital staff. Weekly reminders were sent, quantitative data was obtained from closed-ended questions, and thematic analysis was performed for qualitative open-ended questions.
Results: The response rate was 26% (n=90/350), from a heterogenous group of doctors and nurses from various specialties and grades in the hospital and community frequently dealing with UC. There was decreasing confidence levels in female UC (54%, n=47/87), three-way catheters (33%, n=29/89), and managing suprapubic catheters (25%, n=21/85). Female UC was reported as the most difficult of catheter insertions (35%, n=31/90). Although 83% (n=74/89) of respondents received catheter education, 53% (n=48/90) felt this was insufficient for clinical practice. Fifty-one percent (n=45/89) believed more support with UC in clinical practice was required and 64% (n=57/89) recommended changes in catheter education. The most common theme identified was the need for ongoing education and more practical supervision in clinical practice.
Conclusions: Catheter training should focus on different types of catheters and management of difficult catheter scenarios. Standardizing safe catheter education during undergraduate training and including this as a part of regular annual or biannual mandatory training for healthcare staff involved in dealing with catheters in clinical practice would be the way forward.
Assessment of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-fusion prostate biopsy with concurrent standard systematic ultrasound-guided biopsy among men requiring repeat biopsy
Authors: Sun Ryan , Fast Andrew , Kirkpatrick Iain , Cho Patrick , Saranchuk Jeffery 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: The role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-fusion biopsy (FB) remains unclear in men with prior negative prostate biopsies. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of FB with concurrent systematic biopsy (SB) in patients requiring repeat prostate biopsies.
Methods: Patients with previous negative prostate biopsies requiring repeat biopsies were included. Those without suspicious lesions (≥Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System [PI-RADS] 3) on MRI were excluded. All patients underwent FB followed by SB. The primary outcome was the sensitivity for clinically significant prostate cancer (Gleason score ≥7). The secondary objective was identification of potential predictive factors of biopsy performance.
Results: A total of 53 patients were included; 41 (77%) patients were found to have clinically significant prostate cancer. FB had a higher detection rate of significant cancer compared to SB (85% vs. 76%, respectively, p=0.20) and lower diagnosis of indolent (Gleason score 3+3=6) cancer (10% vs. 27%, respectively, p=0.05). FB alone missed six (15%) clinically significant cancers, compared to 10 (24%) with SB. SB performance was significantly impaired in patients with anterior lesions and high prostate volumes (p<0.05). There was high degree of pathological discordance between the two approaches, with concordance seen in only 34% of patients.
Conclusions: In patients with prior negative biopsies and ongoing suspicion for prostate cancer, a combined approach of FB with SB is needed for optimal detection and risk classification of clinically significant disease. Anterior tumors and large prostates were significant predictors of poor SB performance and an MRI-fusion alone approach in these settings could be considered.
Pracademia: a personal account of a mediation clinic and its development
Authors: Irvine Charlie 
Published: February 2021

Pracademia: a personal account of a mediation clinic and its development
This article tells the story of University of Strathclyde Mediation Clinic through the eyes of its founder. Taking its first case in 2012, by the start of 2021 it will be providing a free mediation service in 16 of Scotland’s 39 sheriff courts, covering more than half the country’s population. Yet it started with no plan, no budget and a few volunteers. The article makes the case that mediation clinics, like mediation itself, call for improvisation, coining the term ‘pracademia’ to describe how such clinics straddle the two worlds of practice and theory.
Herstelgericht handelen. Groeikansen voor de hele school
Authors: Beerten Maria 
Published: February 2021

Restorative practices. Growing opportunities for schools
Implementing a restorative policy is a difficult job for schools. In schools based on sanctions teachers need to know the rules, but in schools based on restorative justice everyone, especially students, understands the rules and believes in them. The relation has priority. Such a school needs a vision on the restorative method for parents, teachers and students to solve unacceptable behaviour and conflicts. It focuses on self-discipline instead of discipline.
Discordance in Diagnosis of Melanocytic Lesions and Its Impact on Clinical Management
Authors: Ronen Shira , Al-Rohil Rami N. , Keiser Elizabeth , Jour George , Nagarajan Priyadharsini , Tetzlaff Michael T. , Curry Jonathan L. , Ivan Doina , Middleton Lavinia P. , Torres-Cabala Carlos A. , Gershenwald Jeffrey E. , Aung Phyu P. , Prieto Victor G. 
Published: February 2021

Context.—
Accurate diagnosis of melanocytic lesions is fundamental for appropriate clinical management.

Objective.—
To evaluate the degree of discordance, if any, between histopathologic diagnoses of melanocytic lesions at referring institutions and at a tertiary referral cancer center and the potential impact of such discordance on clinical management.

Design.—
We retrospectively identified all patients referred to our comprehensive cancer center for evaluation of a melanocytic lesion from January 2010 to January 2011. For each patient, the histopathologic diagnosis from the referring institution was compared with the histopathologic diagnosis from a dermatopathologist at our center. Discordances were classified as major if they resulted in a change in clinical management and minor if they did not.

Results.—
A total of 1521 cases were included. The concordance rates were 72.2% (52 of 72) for dysplastic nevus, 75.0% (15 of 20) for all other types of nevi, 91.1% (143 of 157) for melanoma in situ, 96.1% (758 of 789) for invasive melanoma, and 99.6% (478 of 480) for metastatic melanoma. Major discordances were found in 20.2% of cases (307 of 1521), and minor discordances were found in 48.8% of cases (742 of 1521). Compared with the guideline-based treatment recommendation based on the referring-institution diagnosis, the guideline-based treatment recommendation based on the cancer center diagnosis was more extensive in 5.9% (89 of 1521) of patients and less extensive in 5.0% (76 of 1521) of patients.

Conclusions.—
Our findings underscore the importance of secondary histopathologic review of melanocytic lesions by expert dermatopathologists because significant changes in the diagnosis, tumor classification, and/or staging may be identified, thus, resulting in critical changes in recommendations for clinical management.
POESIA E LEITURA: DIÁLOGOS NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES DO ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Pinheiro Maria Socorro 
Published: February 2021

Este artigo trata sobre o projeto de extensão “Poesia e leitura: diálogos com os professores do ensino médio”, desenvolvido na Faculdade de Educação, Ciências e Letras de Iguatu – FECLI – unidade da Universidade Estadual do Ceará – UECE. Tem como objetivo discutir a poesia como espaço de formação do leitor, apontando sua importância no desenvolvimento humano por ser uma forma de conhecimento que atua diretamente na construção das subjetividades; ainda pensar em metodologias para o ensino de poesia em sala de aula, refletindo com os professores do ensino médio sobre os possíveis caminhos que aproximariam o leitor da poesia. O projeto está fundamentado nos estudos de Hélder Pinheiro (2007, 2014), Eliana kefalás (2012) Roland Barthes (1984, 2004) e Rildo Cosson (2017), com abordagens críticas sobre a formação literária do leitor e a construção do sentido do texto poético. As propostas metodológicas foram discutidas por meio de oficinas de formação oferecidas aos professores do Ensino Médio, da área de Linguagens e Códigos, da cidade de Iguatu, Estado do Ceará, mostrando a inserção da poesia no espaço da sala de aula. Com este projeto, construímos um diálogo, que ainda incipiente já demonstra sua pertinência ao trazer a lume o lugar da poesia com suas imagens e símbolos reveladores da condição humana. Esperamos que este trabalho proporcione aos educadores um novo olhar sobre o estudo da poesia nas aulas de literatura do ensino médio, visando, sobretudo, a formação do leitor literário.
Palavras-chave: Poesia. Leitura. Ensino. Professores.
The satirical grotesque in Evelyn Waugh's novel "Decline and Destruction"
Authors: Iarovikova Iuliia Vladimirovna , Balygina Elena Anatol'evna , Ermolova Tat'yana Viktorovna , Logvinova Ol'ga Konstantinovna 
Published: February 2021

The present research is carried out in line with literary stylistics, focusing on the linguistic and expressive means of artistic representation of reality and the peculiarities of their use by one or another author. The research material was the novel "Decline and Destruction", written by one of the recognized masters of the English satirical novel Evelyn Waugh. The "Decline and Destruction" of twentiethвЂ“century England is a cross-cutting theme of the entire work of I. Vo, whose stylistic dominant is the satirical grotesque. The above-mentioned determined the purpose of the study, which consists in explicating the main mechanisms and means of creating a satirical grotesque in the novel, exposing and ridiculing the vices of English society in the 1920s, sharpening and criticizing the shortcomings of the existing education system in privileged educational institutions in England. В In accordance with this goal, the article considers the problem of the emergence of the term "grotesque", its connection with the aesthetic category of the comic is indicated, the role and place of this artistic device in the work of I. Vo are indicated. It is revealed that with the help of a satirical grotesque, Vo creates his own special вЂ“ secondary to the real вЂ“ world, violating the boundaries corresponding to our ideas of plausibility, for which any means available to the author are suitable. The study showed that the key mechanisms determining the grotesque beginning of the novel are a combination of mutually exclusive, hyperbolization, reification of characters, etc. A special satirical expressiveness and tragicomism, brought to the point of absurdity, is manifested at various levels of the work's organization (lexical, onomastic, morphological, syntactic, graphic). From this point of view, the novel "Decline and Destruction" is being studied for the first time, which determines the novelty of the research undertaken and outlines further prospects in the field of research devoted to the work of Evelyn Waugh and the satirical grotesque, in particular.