bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical audit of orthodontic chart documentation by dental undergraduates
Authors: Arunachalam Sivakumar , Parolia Abhishek , Pau Allan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionClinical audit is a quality improvement process that seeks to improve patient care and outcomes through the systematic review of care against explicit criteria and the implementation of change. The objective of this audit was to evaluate the quality of orthodontic chart documentation by dental undergraduates against established guidelines.Materials and MethodsAn audit checklist with 13 criteria for good documentation was adapted from guidelines proposed by the American Association of Orthodontists and British Orthodontic Society. Orthodontic chart documentation in 103 removable appliance therapy patients under 4th and 5th year dental undergraduates’ care was retrieved from the electronic record of the University dental clinic and audited. The audit exercise explored in detail the thirteen criteria for good documentation and eight assessment attributes of the first criterion, namely, basic orthodontic examination. The level of compliance was measured as the percentage records meeting the criteria. The data were statistically analysed using SPSS 26.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).ResultsThere was no complete compliance for any of the criteria. Thirty‐five (33.9%) patient charts reported basic orthodontic examination documentation adequately. Compliance was the highest for documentation of treatment modality (77.6%), appliance delivery encounters (77.6%), and appliance adjustment appointments (83.5%). About 51.4% of the 68 patient charts (treatment of 35 patients of the total 103 were in the progress stage) stated adequately the outcome of treatment. Only 22% of the 68 patient charts had the details for retention protocol. There was statistically significant difference in chart documentation between male and female students for basic orthodontic assessment and appliance delivery and patient instructions attributes.ConclusionThe clinical audit demonstrated poor compliance with the criteria for orthodontic chart documentation. The audit should be repeated after the provision of learning opportunities and self‐critical analysis.
Potential of intraoral optical scanning to evaluate motor skills’ improvement for tooth preparation: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Matthisson Lea , Zitzmann Nicola U. , Zaugg Lucia K. , Joda Tim 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionThis prospective cohort study investigated the potential of digital assessment using intraoral scanning (IOS) combined with software analysis (prepCheck) to evaluate the outcome of repetitive tooth preparation and its influence on the acquisition of motor skills in dental students.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐six students completed 177 full‐crown preparations of the same tooth in six practice sessions followed by a final examination. Preparations were assessed digitally using prepCheck and conventionally by calibrated faculty instructors. In addition, students assessed their own performance and this was compared with the instructors’ assessments.ResultsConventional assessment showed that students preparations improved over time, with 43.5% of students receiving score 2 (highest grade) at the fifth practice session. With the prepCheck assessment, statistically significant improvements indicated by an enlarged area within the tolerance range set at 0.2 mm were found between the first and the second practice session (7.5% improvement; 95% CI: 2.2%, 12.7%, p = 0.006), and between the first run and the final exam preparation (6.7%; 95% CI: 1.7%, 12.5%, p = 0.011). Agreement between instructor/student assessments was best immediately after students received visual feedback using prepCheck (76% agreement; Spearman's rho 0.78).ConclusionThese data indicate that IOS technology was useful for student's self‐evaluation by visual feedback.
Adaptation of clinical subjects in Dentistry to virtual environments during the COVID‐19 pandemic in a Spanish University: A case study
Authors: de Pedro Miguel , Adanero‐Velasco Alberto , Vizoso‐Noval Beatriz , Muñoz‐Corcuera Marta , Gutiérrez‐Cárdenas Lisbet 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe evolution of the pandemic has generated a crisis in all areas, also including the faculties of dentistry. We detail how the teaching guides for clinical subjects have been adapted in the Department of Clinical Dentistry at the Universidad Europea of Madrid, moving to a 100% online environment.Usual development of clinical practices in the DDS degree of UEMStudents in the fourth and fifth year of DDS degree take the courses “Introduction to Clinical Practice” and “Supervised Practice.” Within the framework of continuous assessment, different systems and procedures are used to evaluate knowledge, skills or competences.Curricular adaptation during the period of the COVID‐19 pandemicIt was necessary to adapt the practical contents to virtual contents. 35% of the course (12 weeks) was adapted to a 100% online environment. Several activities were carried out that could be evaluated in real time, including lectures, clinical cases and resolution of multidisciplinary dental treatments.Development of clinical practices in health education in other institutions during the pandemicA narrative review was conducted to identify how this situation has been addressed in other institutions and countries; finding that similarly, it has been possible to establish monitoring of clinical practices in a virtual environment. An online questionnaire was conducted to the fourth and fifth year students of DDS degree to stablish the acceptance of the adaptation during the pandemic.ConclusionDespite the limitations of online training for the development of clinical practice, a system has been established to ensure appropriate clinical training for undergraduate students in dentistry. Some of the developments were well accepted by the students.
Spatial molecular heterogeneity of POM during decomposition at different soil depths resolved by VNIR hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Guigue Julien , Just Christopher , Luo Siwei , Fogt Marta , Schloter Michael , Kögel‐Knabner Ingrid , Hobley Eleanor 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSoil organic matter (SOM) is composed of fractions with different functions and reactivity. Among these, particulate organic matter (POM) is the main educt of new inputs of organic matter in soils and its chemical fate corresponds to the first stages of the SOM decomposition cascade ultimately leading to the association of organic and mineral phases. We aimed at investigating the molecular changes of POM during decomposition at a sub‐millimetre scale by combining direct measurements of POM elemental and molecular composition with laboratory imaging visible–near‐infrared (VNIR) spectroscopy. For this, we set up an incubation experiment to compare the molecular composition of straw and composted green manure, materials greatly differing in their C/N ratio, during their decomposition in reconstituted topsoil or subsoil of a Luvisol, and recorded hyperspectral images at high spatial and spectral resolutions of complete soil cores at the start and end of the incubation. Hyperspectral imaging was successfully combined with machine learning ensembles to produce a precise mapping of POM alkyl/O‐N alkyl ratio and C/N, revealing the spatial heterogeneity in the composition of both straw and green manure. We found that both types of organic amendment were more degraded in the reconstituted topsoil than in subsoil after the incubation. We also measured consistent trends in molecular changes undergone by straw, with the alkyl/O‐N alkyl ratio slightly increasing from 0.06 to 0.07, and C/N dropping by about 40 units. The green manure material was very heterogeneous, with no clear molecular changes detected as a result of incubation. The imaging VNIR spectroscopy approach presented here enables high‐resolution mapping of the spatial distribution of the molecular characteristics of organic particles in soil cores, and offers opportunities to disentangle the roles of POM chemistry and morphology during the first steps of the decomposition cascade of organic matter in soils.Highlights
VNIR imaging combined with machine learning to map POM molecular composition.
Prediction of C/N and alkyl/O‐N alkyl ratios of POM at sub‐millimetre scale.
More advanced decomposition of organic amendments in topsoil than in subsoil.
Heterogeneity of POM molecular composition resolved for individual particles.
Motor and respiratory decline in patients with late onset Pompe disease after cessation of enzyme replacement therapy during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Tard Céline , Salort‐Campana Emmanuelle , Michaud Maud , Spinazzi Marco , Nadaj Pakleza Aleksandra , Durr Hélène , Bouhour Françoise , Lefeuvre Claire , Thomas Romain , Arrassi Azzeddine , Taouagh Nadjib ,   Pompe Study Group, Solé Guilhem , Laforêt Pascal 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeData on interruption of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) are scarce in late onset Pompe disease. Due to the COVID‐19 crisis, eight neuromuscular reference centers in France were obligated to stop the treatment for 31 patients.MethodsWe collected the motor and respiratory data from our French registry, before COVID‐19 and at treatment restart.ResultsIn 2.2 months (mean), patients showed a significant deterioration of 37 m (mean) in the 6‐min walk test and a loss of 210 ml (mean) of forced vital capacity, without ad integrum restoration after 3 months of ERT restart.ConclusionsThis national study based on data from the French Pompe Registry shows that the interruption of ERT, even as short as a few months, worsens Pompe patients' motor and respiratory function.
Engagement and emerging elementary‐level L2 Spanish: Detailing the status quo and identifying opportunities
Authors: Gurzynski‐Weiss Laura , Coulter‐Kern Mackenzie , Kuntz Tess 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhile many elementary‐level children in the United States still do not have access to a second/additional language (L2), an increasing number are educated via Foreign Language Exposure (FLEX) tracks. Our two‐semester study examines elementary‐level L2 learners' engagement, emerging L2 Spanish vocabulary use, and awareness of the arbitrary nature of the relationship between form and meaning, and if this changes from a fall to a subsequent spring semester. The study examines learners' language engagement as operationalized by use of language‐related episodes, self‐corrections, modified output, turns, and learners' performance on four tasks: two information‐gap picture‐description tasks, one written production task, and one form–meaning relational task. Results indicate that, even with minimal FLEX‐based exposure, learners demonstrate positive gains in terms of L2 engagement, use of L2 Spanish, and understanding of the arbitrary nature of form–meaning relationships.
Cumulative growth and stress responses to the 2018–2019 drought in a European floodplain forest
Authors: Schnabel Florian , Purrucker Sarah , Schmitt Lara , Engelmann Rolf A. , Kahl Anja , Richter Ronny , Seele‐Dilbat Carolin , Skiadaresis Georgios , Wirth Christian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDroughts increasingly threaten the world's forests and their potential to mitigate climate change. In 2018–2019, Central European forests were hit by two consecutive hotter drought years, an unprecedented phenomenon that is likely to occur more frequently with climate change. Here, we examine tree growth and physiological stress responses (increase in carbon isotope composition; Δδ13C) to this consecutive drought based on tree rings of dominant tree species in a Central European floodplain forest. Tree growth was not reduced for most species in 2018, indicating that water supply in floodplain forests can partly buffer meteorological water deficits. Drought stress responses in 2018 were comparable to former single drought years but the hotter drought in 2018 induced drought legacies in tree growth while former droughts did not. We observed strong decreases in tree growth and increases in Δδ13C across all tree species in 2019, which are likely driven by the cumulative stress both consecutive hotter droughts exerted. Our results show that consecutive hotter droughts pose a novel threat to forests under climate change, even in forest ecosystems with comparably high levels of water supply.
Uncovering the critical soil moisture thresholds of plant water stress for European ecosystems
Authors: Fu Zheng , Ciais Philippe , Makowski David , Bastos Ana , Stoy Paul C. , Ibrom Andreas , Knohl Alexander , Migliavacca Mirco , Cuntz Matthias , Šigut Ladislav , Peichl Matthias , Loustau Denis , El‐Madany Tarek S. , Buchmann Nina , Gharun Mana , Janssens Ivan , Markwitz Christian , Grünwald Thomas , Rebmann Corinna , Mölder Meelis , Varlagin Andrej , Mammarella Ivan , Kolari Pasi , Bernhofer Christian , Heliasz Michal , Vincke Caroline , Pitacco Andrea , Cremonese Edoardo , Foltýnová Lenka , Wigneron Jean‐Pierre 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the critical soil moisture (SM) threshold (θcrit) of plant water stress and land surface energy partitioning is a basis to evaluate drought impacts and improve models for predicting future ecosystem condition and climate. Quantifying the θcrit across biomes and climates is challenging because observations of surface energy fluxes and SM remain sparse. Here, we used the latest database of eddy covariance measurements to estimate θcrit across Europe by evaluating evaporative fraction (EF)‐SM relationships and investigating the covariance between vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and gross primary production (GPP) during SM dry‐down periods. We found that the θcrit and soil matric potential threshold in Europe are 16.5% and −0.7 MPa, respectively. Surface energy partitioning characteristics varied among different vegetation types; EF in savannas had the highest sensitivities to SM in water‐limited stage, and the lowest in forests. The sign of the covariance between daily VPD and GPP consistently changed from positive to negative during dry‐down across all sites when EF shifted from relatively high to low values. This sign of the covariance changed after longer period of SM decline in forests than in grasslands and savannas. Estimated θcrit from the VPD–GPP covariance method match well with the EF–SM method, showing this covariance method can be used to detect the θcrit. We further found that soil texture dominates the spatial variability of θcrit while shortwave radiation and VPD are the major drivers in determining the spatial pattern of EF sensitivities. Our results highlight for the first time that the sign change of the covariance between daily VPD and GPP can be used as an indicator of how ecosystems transition from energy to SM limitation. We also characterized the corresponding θcrit and its drivers across diverse ecosystems in Europe, an essential variable to improve the representation of water stress in land surface models.
A global meta‐analysis of the impacts of tree plantations on biodiversity
Authors: Wang Chao , Zhang Weiwei , Li Xiaona , Wu Juying 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimPlanted forests are becoming increasingly common world‐wide for a variety of reasons, including water conservation and carbon sequestration, although the effects of tree plantations on biodiversity are unclear with respect to whether planted ecosystems are “green deserts” or valuable habitats for biodiversity.LocationGlobal.Time period1980–2020.Taxa studiedFlora, fauna and microorganisms.MethodsBy conducting a meta‐analysis of 361 observations from 138 sites world‐wide, we explored the global patterns and associated drivers of biodiversity responding to tree plantations by comparing biodiversity levels in plantations and adjacent habitats (primary or secondary forests).ResultsOverall, the biodiversity (species richness) and abundance across multitrophic levels in tree plantations were lower than those in primary forests, reached similar values to secondary succession, but varied with plantation and management regimes. Specifically, the biodiversity across multitrophic levels in reforestation was higher than that in afforestation; the biodiversity in mixed, native species and unmanaged plantations was higher than that in monoculture, exotic species and managed plantations. The diversity of vertebrates, invertebrates and plants in reforestation was lower than that in primary forests, whereas belowground biodiversity in reforestation showed no difference from primary forests. Invertebrate diversity in reforestation was lower than that in secondary succession, whereas plant diversity was higher than that in secondary succession. Moreover, the biodiversity in reforestation increased with reforestation age. Furthermore, structural equation models showed that aboveground faunal diversity in reforestation was driven by canopy coverage and plant diversity and that reforestation affected belowground biodiversity mainly by changing soil organic carbon.Main conclusionsOur findings suggest that reforestation by planting mixed native species will be more beneficial to biodiversity. We reveal that biodiversity in intensively managed plantations is significantly lower than that in restoration‐oriented plantations. We highlight that primary forests are not replaceable, but that planted forests might be a reliable way to restore biodiversity rapidly.
Do residential care and low social capital negatively influence oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) among older adults? A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Karkada Deeksha , D’Costa Valerie Gloria , Acharya Shashidhar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo compare oral health status, OHRQoL and social capital between dependent older adults living in a residential care setting (RC) and community dwellers living independently (CD) and to assess the possible role of social capital and residential status as independent predictors of OHRQoL in a sample of older adults in the Udupi region of Karnataka, South India.BackgroundAs the global population ages, a greater number of older adults are now living in residential care settings than ever before. This study provides insights into the role of residential care and social capital in influencing the oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) among older adults.Materials and MethodsA total of 296 older adults, comprising 148 dependent older adults living in residential care (RC) and 148 community dwelling older adults living independently (CD), completed the General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) and a Social Capital Scale after undergoing clinical oral examination for dentition and periodontal status.ResultsThe caries experience in both the residential care group (RC) and the community dwelling group (CD) was high with mean DMF scores of 21.6 (SD = 9.6) and 20.1 (SD = 10.7) respectively. The Mean Social Capital score was significantly higher (P = .01) among the RC group (33.2, SD = 5.1) than the CD group (31.5, SD = 5.7), whereas the mean GOHAI score was significantly higher (P = .02) among the CD (61.5, SD = 6.8) than the RC group (59.5, SD = 7.9). Linear regression showed lower DMFT scores (β: −0.26, P ˂ .001), being a community dweller (β: 0.14, P = .01) and having higher social capital (β: 0.11, P = .04) were associated with better OHRQoL (higher GOHAI scores) after adjusting for possible confounders.ConclusionDependent older adults living in residential care had higher social capital but poorer OHRQoL. Caries experience, residential status and social capital were independently associated with OHRQoL.
Egg components reverse the atrophy induced by injury in skeletal muscles
Authors: Sawano Shoko , Kobayashi Yuya , Maesawa Suzuka , Mizunoya Wataru 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSkeletal muscle atrophy is the loss of muscle tissue caused by factors such as inactivity, malnutrition, aging, and injury. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether egg components exert inhibitory effects on muscle atrophy. An egg mix solution was orally administered for 10 consecutive days to male C57BL/6J mice injected with cardiotoxin in the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle. The administration of egg mixture significantly decreased the atrogin‐1 and MuRF‐1 protein levels, key factors in muscle atrophy, as observed by western blotting. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of egg components such as avidin, lecithin, biotin, 3‐sn‐phosphatidylcholine, and L‐α‐phosphatidylcholine on dexamethasone (DEX)‐treated C2C12 myotubes. Lecithin, biotin, 3‐sn‐phosphatidylcholine, and L‐α‐phosphatidylcholine in egg yolk significantly recovered the diameters of C2C12 myotubes decreased upon DEX application. Avidin did not show such reversal. Biotin, 3‐sn‐phosphatidylcholine, and L‐α‐phosphatidylcholine also attenuated atrogin‐1 protein expression enhanced by DEX. Our findings reveal that egg yolk components could contribute to the reversal of skeletal muscle atrophy induced by muscle injury.
Use of person‐centred language among scientific research focused on childhood obesity
Authors: Fisch Claudia , Whelan John , Evans Sheridan , Whitaker Liza‐Ann , Gajjar Swapnil , Ali Lamiaa , Fugate Colony , Puhl Rebecca , Hartwell Micah 
Published: December 2021

SummaryBackgroundStigma towards children with obesity can begin as early as 3 years old, leading to increased risk for poorer mental health outcomes and lower quality of life. This includes discriminatory language used by peers and adults, which may be compounded by use within the medical community and in published research.ObjectivesOur primary objective was to investigate adherence to person‐centred language (PCL) in childhood obesity‐related medical publications.MethodsWe searched PubMed for childhood obesity‐related articles from 2018 through 2020, from journals frequently publishing childhood‐obesity‐related research. Articles were randomized and searched for a list of predetermined, stigmatizing terms.ResultsOf the sample of 300 articles, only 21.7% were adherent to PCL guidelines. The most frequent labels found were ‘obese’ appearing in 70.33% of articles and ‘overweight’ in 63.7%. Labels such as ‘chubby’, ‘large’, and ‘fat’ were less common, but still appeared in the medical literature.ConclusionsA majority of childhood obesity‐related articles did not adhere to PCL guidelines. Given the negative effects of stigma among children with obesity, it is imperative to advocate for PCL use within the medical community. Increased stringency by journal editors and publishers may be the next step in this process.