bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hemorrhagic Epidermoid Cyst in Cerebellar Vermis: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Kozák Ján , Šurkala Jozef , Novotný Martin , Švajdler Marián 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntracranial epidermoid cysts are slow growing congenital avascular neoplasms that spread across the basal surface of the brain. They most commonly occur in the paramedial region in the cerebellopontine angle and the parasellar region. Despite its generally benign nature, sporadically they can be accompanied with hemorrhage or very rarely undergo malignant transformation. The authors present a case report of a patient with a hemorrhagic vermian epidermoid cyst and a review of all published similar cases.
Optimized multi-exposure optical path with a single laser pulse for the measurement of ultra-high speed
Authors: Wang Cunhong , Liu Cong , Zhang Xingyi 
Published: April 2021

High-speed measurements, particularly close to the velocity of light, have always been a great challenge in the field of experimental measurement. Although traditional high-speed measurement methods based on imaging technology can achieve millions of frames per second, they face the problem that the field of view decreases with an increase in the frame rate, which is difficult to overcome in a short period. In this study, a closed multi-exposure optical path is designed first based on a 600 ps pulse laser that realizes the continuous measurement of sub-light velocity and is not subject to the field of view. The path can also be adjusted with respect to time, accurate up to sub-nanoseconds. Second, it is found that the accuracy and resolution of the present method are related to the used pulse laser and camera. Once the performances of the pulse laser and the camera are improved, the corresponding range of measurement of the velocity can be improved further. Compared with traditional pumping technologies, the proposed technology achieves continuous velocity measurement with the utilization rate of laser energy as high as 100%. Finally, we use this novel optical system to determine the flux avalanche velocity of the YBa2Cu3O7-x superconducting thin film, and a highest speed of 323.5 Km/s is obtained.
Research on a modularized long pulse generator based on anti-resonance network and transmission line transformer
Authors: Cheng Xinbing , Chen Rong , Pan Zilong , Yang Jianhua , Geng Jiuyuan 
Published: April 2021

A modularized generator with three long pulse modules is designed and constructed in this work. The long pulse module consists of a three-section anti-resonance network and a three-stage transmission line transformer. A single module can output a pulse with an amplitude of 33 kV and a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 400 ns, when the primary energy storage system provides a voltage of 24 kV. After the three modules are connected in series in experiment, the modularized long pulse generator delivers a high-voltage pulse to the matched load resistor with a maximum voltage of 96 kV and an FWHM of 400 ns. Repetitive experiments at a repetition frequency of 10 Hz are also carried out.
Fast-ion Dα spectroscopy diagnostic at KSTAR
Authors: Yoo J. W. , Kim J. , Lee M. W. , Kang J. , Ko W.–H. , Oh S. G. , Ko J. , Lee J. H. , Nam Y. U. , Jung L. , Park B. H. , Yoon S. W. 
Published: April 2021

A fast-ion Dα (FIDA) diagnostics system was installed for core and edge measurements on KSTAR. This system has two tangential FIDA arrays that cover both blue- and redshifted Dα lines (cold: 656.09 nm) in active views along the neutral beam 1 A centerline. The spectral band is 647–662.5 nm, and it covers the Doppler shift of the emission from the maximum energy of the neutral beam (100 keV). A curved filter strip with a motorized stage adequately prevents saturation of the electron multiplying charge-coupled device signal by the cold Dα line from the plasma edge. From comparisons of the measured spectra and FIDASIM modeling code, the FIDA spectra are well matched quantitatively. Moreover, the first measurements show that the FIDA radiance agrees with the neutron rate in the time trace during external heating and perturbation. In addition, responses are observed in the core FIDA radiance during the edge-localized mode cycle.
High power GaN-based blue superluminescent diodes with low spectral modulation
Authors: Xiong Wei , Hu Lei , Liu Jianping , Jiang Lingrong , Tian Aiqin , Zhang Liqun , Ikeda Masao , Yang Hui 
Published: April 2021

We present high-power GaN-based blue superluminescent diodes (SLDs) with bend waveguides. The devices were grown on a c-plane GaN free-standing substrate by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition. Studies on waveguide design were conducted to increase the output power of SLDs. Low spectral modulation had been obtained by optimizing the bend angle of the ridge waveguide. An output power as high as 510 mW had been obtained for SLDs emitting at 441 nm with a full width at half maximum of 4.4 nm.
Bandgap opening in layered gray arsenic alloy
Authors: Chen Cheng , Li Chang , Yu Qiang , Shi Xinyao , Zhang Yushuang , Chen Jie , Liu Kaizhen , He Ying , Zhang Kai 
Published: April 2021

As an essential member of group-V layered materials, gray arsenic (g-As) has recently begun to draw researchers’ attention due to fantastic physical properties predicted by theoretical calculation. However, g-As presents semimetal behavior as the thickness exceeds bilayers, which hinders its further device applications, such as in logic electronics. Herein, we report the growth of high quality gray arsenic–phosphorus–tin (g-AsPSn) alloys via a simple one-step chemical vapor transport process. The as-grown g-AsPSn alloy remains the same layered rhombohedral structure as g-As, while the g-AsPSn alloy shows an opened bandgap compared with g-As. Infrared absorption and photoluminescence spectra reveal a narrow optical bandgap of 0.2 eV. A field effect transistor based on few-layer g-AsPSn alloy flakes shows a typical p-type semiconductor behavior and a relatively high mobility of ∼66 cm2 V−1 S−1 under ambient conditions. It can be envisioned that the synthesized two-dimensional layered narrow-gap g-AsPSn alloy presents considerable potential applications in electronics and infrared optoelectronics.
Recent enhancements in the performance of the Orion high-resolution x-ray spectrometers
Authors: Hell N. , Beiersdorfer P. , Brown G. V. , Lockard T. E. , Magee E. W. , Shepherd R. , Hoarty D. J. , Brown C. R. D. , Hill M. P. , Hobbs L. M. R. , James S. F. , Lynch C. , Caughey T. A. 
Published: April 2021

During the past few years, the Orion high-resolution x-ray spectrometers have been successful tools for measuring x-ray spectra from plasmas generated in the Orion laser facility. Duplicate spectrometers also operate successfully at the Livermore EBIT-I and SuperEBIT electron beam ion traps for measuring x-ray polarization. We have recently implemented very high-quality, optically bonded, spherically bent quartz crystals to remove the structure in the x-ray image that had been observed in earlier measurements. The structure had been caused by focusing defects and limited the accuracy of our measurements. We present before and after images that show a drastic improvement. We, furthermore, have implemented a spherically bent potassium acid phthalate (KAP) crystal on one of our spectrometers. The KAP crystal was prepared in a similar fashion, and we present measurements of the N Ly-β and Ne Lyβ lines taken in first- and second-order reflections at 600 and 1200 eV, respectively. These measurements confirm that KAP crystals can be produced at a quality suitable for extending the spectral coverage to wavelengths longer than those accessible by different quartz crystals, especially those that cover the astrophysically important lines of iron.
A high-efficiency wideband coupler for nanosecond-level pulsed current injection
Authors: Zhou Yi , Xie Yan-zhao , Zhang Dao-zhong 
Published: April 2021

Pulsed current injection (PCI), as a conducted vulnerability testing technique under nanosecond-level transient electromagnetic disturbance (TED), has gained great attention recently. Many kinds of TEDs, e.g., high-altitude electromagnetic pulse, very fast transient overvoltage, and electrical fast transients, have very fast rise time as well as pretty slow decay, whose frequency spectrum may cover a very wideband. Therefore, one of the challenges is that the existing inductive couplers cannot interact with the equipment under test (EUT) over the wideband efficiently, and consequently, they are inadequate to inject the proper disturbance at ports of EUT in PCI tests. To address this problem, a high-efficiency wideband PCI coupler is proposed in this paper. The coupling performance is analyzed theoretically based on the distributed-parameter model of an inductive coupler. By using the composited ferrites instead of the simplex Ni–Zn ferrites, the inductive coupling is enhanced. The capacitive coupling is also enhanced to improve the high-frequency performance by exploiting the distributed tubular winding. A PCI coupler with the dimension of 30 × 10 × 10 cm3 is built to be validated experimentally. The 3 dB bandwidth has been improved from 421 kHz–14 MHz to 77 kHz–39 MHz, which indicates that the coupler can be applied efficiently over the frequency range of interest for PCI tests.
Alternaria yali-inficiens (chocolate spot of Ya Li pear).
Authors:   USA, USDA-ARS
Published: April 2021

Abstract

A. yali-inficiens is an asexually reproducing, filamentous fungus known only since its isolation in 2001 from infections on fruit of Ya Li pears (Pyrus bretschneideri), exported from a certain region of China. Although most species of Alternaria are air-disseminated, its ability to spread and establish in other temperate fruit-growing regions is not known. This fungus may pose a threat to native or agricultural plants if introduced. Some countries importing pear fruit from China have established regulatory precautions against it.
Emilia fosbergii (Florida tassel-flower).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

E. fosbergii is a cosmopolitan annual herb included in the Global Compendium of Weeds (Randall, 2012). It is fast-growing, with the capacity to grow as a weed and colonize disturbed areas, waste ground, gardens, abandoned farmland, coastal forests, forest edges, pastures, roadsides, rocky areas, and riverbanks (Wagner et al., 1999; Vibrans, 2011; Pruski 2014). It produces large amounts of wind-dispersed seeds (>5000 seeds per plant; Mejía et al., 1994) which is a feature facilitating the likelihood of spreading and colonizing new habitats. Currently, E. fosbergii is listed as invasive in Mexico, Central America, West Indies, and on several islands in the Pacific Ocean (see Distribution Table for details).
Icerya samaraia (steatococcus scale).
Authors: Whittaker Angela 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The scale insect Icerya samaraia (formerly Steatococcus samaraius) occurs in the Australasian, Oriental and Oceanic zoogeographic regions. It has a wide host range which includes mostly woody plant species in 40 genera belonging to 25 families. It is a minor pest of citrus, banana, coconut, guava, papaya, cocoa, pigeon pea and other plants, including forest and ornamental trees. Populations of I. samaraia are apparently being kept under control on the Palau Islands in the western Pacific Ocean by natural enemies, particularly by the introduced coccinellid Rodolia pumila. I. samaraia can be transported on infested plant materials because of its small size and habit of feeding in concealed areas, making it a potential threat as an invasive species.
Fusicladium effusum (pecan scab).
Authors: Bock Clive H. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

F. effusum is a fungal pathogen that causes pecan scab, which can result in severe economic losses on susceptible cultivars and resulting harm to the pecan industry in areas with high rainfall where pecan is grown. The disease develops on leaves, fruits and shoots and results in loss of photosynthetic area and reduced fruit size and quality. Pecan scab can also lead to reduced fruit set in the following year due to plant stress. Fungicides used to control pecan scab are costly. It is introduced to new areas through movement of infected host material. Despite quarantine restrictions, it is likely that human-mediated transfer has occurred between the native habitats in south-eastern USA and Mexico, and locations where pecan is grown as an exotic in South America, South Africa and New Zealand. F. effusum overwinters as stroma and conidia in lesions on shoots and fruit shucks, and the conidia are dispersed in wind and rain splash. The pathogen is a threat to all pecan-growing regions with a humid, wet environment.
Cleome rutidosperma (fringed spiderflower).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

C. rutidosperma is a common herb that grows as a weed in disturbed and ruderal habitats, principally in areas with humid and hot environmental conditions. It is often found as a weed of disturbed ground, roadsides, gardens, crops and abandoned lands, and has also been found growing as an epiphyte on trees, stone walls and cliff faces. This species is included in the Global Compendium of Weeds (Randall, 2012) where it is considered to have moderate economic impacts in a wide range of crops, due to its scrambling habit that smothers and stunts young crop plants. C. rutidosperma has been listed as invasive in China, Malaysia, India, Thailand, Vietnam, Australia, and the Domican Republic (Waterhouse and Mitchell, 1998; Kairo et al., 2003; Flora of China Editorial Committee, 2014, USDA-ARS, 2014). This species has had considerable environmental impacts in South East Asia and Australia. C. rutidosperma also has the potential to be moderately problematic in intensive cropping areas, greenhouses and nurseries.
Mimosa ceratonia (climbing mimosa).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

M. ceratonia is a fast-growing perennial multi-stemmed vine that is considered a weed in Puerto Rico (Vélez and Overbeek, 1950). The species is able to grow in a great range of habitats including fencelines, roadsides, pastures, brushy pastures, wooded drains, forest edges and openings in secondary forests. Consequently, it has the potential to spread much further than it has to date, both inside and outside its native range. Seeds are easily dispersed by the pods clinging to clothing or to the fur of animals, and they can remain viable for several years (Francis, 2000).
Alternanthera philoxeroides (alligator weed).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

A. philoxeroides is one of the worst weeds in the world because it invades both terrestrial and aquatic habitats. The aquatic form of the plant has the potential to become a serious threat to rivers, waterways, wetlands and irrigation systems. The terrestrial form grows forming dense mats with a massive underground rhizomatous root system (ISSG, 2016). This weed is extremely difficult to control, is able to reproduce from plant fragments and grows in a wide range of climates and habitats, including terrestrial areas. In aquatic habitats it has deleterious effects on other plants and animals, water quality, aesthetics, vector populations, water flow, flooding and sedimentation. In terrestrial situations, it degrades riverbanks, pastures, and agricultural lands producing massive underground lignified root systems penetrating up to 50-60 cm deep. Currently, A. philoxeroides is listed as invasive in the United States, Puerto Rico, France, Italy, India, Sri Lanka, China, Taiwan, Indonesia, Myanmar, Singapore, Australia and New Zealand (Weber et al., 2008; Chandra, 2012; Rojas-Sandoval and Acevedo-Rodriguez, 2015; DAISIE, 2016; USDA-ARS, 2016; USDA-NRCS, 2016; Weeds of Australia, 2016). Once established, it behaves as an aggressive invader with the capability to totally disrupt natural aquatic ecosystems, shoreline vegetation and terrestrial and semi-aquatic environments (ISSG, 2016; USDA-NRCS, 2016).
Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis (rice root aphid).
Authors: Whittaker Angela 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

R. rufiabdominalis is an economic pest of upland rice, particularly in Japan, but is not a pest of irrigated rice anywhere in the world (Grist and Lever, 1969). Injury to upland rice can be severe in Japan, with losses of up to 50-70% (Yano et al., 1983). Occurrence was related to the cultivars of upland rice in China, where aphids caused light damage at the seedling stage and heavy damage at the tillering stage (Ding, 1985). Generally, aphids cause more serious damage during the early growth stages (Yano et al., 1983).
Setaria verticillata (bristly foxtail).
Authors: Parker Chris 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

S. verticillata is listed by Holm et al. (1979) as a 'serious' or 'principal' weed in 11 countries in Europe, Asia, Africa, South America and the Pacific. From its origins in Europe and perhaps Africa, it has been accidentally introduced to many other countries across the world. It is often listed as one of the two or three most important weeds in a wide range of crops, within and outside its native range, and it can also become dominant in grassland. The combination of ready dispersal by its 'sticky' seed and seed-heads, and its C4 physiology and rapid growth make it an extremely successful invader. It adapts to local conditions rapidly and has developed resistance to atrazine and other herbicides.
Quelea quelea (weaver bird).
Authors: Cheke Robert 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The red-billed quelea is a small weaver bird native to sub-Saharan Africa and renowned for its attacks on small-grain crops within Africa. It is the most numerous bird species in the world, with peak post-breeding population estimated at 1,500,000,000. The red-billed quelea is mainly granivorous, except when feeding its chicks insects or when eating insects prior to migration or breeding, and it relies on a supply of grass seeds to survive. When unable to find grass seeds or when opportunities arise, quelea will attack crops. It is a major pest throughout much of sub-Saharan Africa and can cause significant economical losses.
Senna spectabilis (whitebark senna).
Authors: Datiles Marianne Jennifer , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Senna spectabilis is an attractive small- to medium-sized (to about 10 m tall) multi-stemmed tree, native to Central and South America and naturalized in many other parts of the humid tropics, particularly the Philippines and East and southern Africa. It is a fast-growing species, particularly on deep soils, and is fire- and termite-resistant and tolerant of strongly acid soils. It is reported to be easier to raise, less susceptible to pests and diseases, and more drought-resistant than Senna siamea. It is often planted for fuelwood, as an ornamental and as a shade tree in agroforestry situations. Although a legume, it is not a nitrogen-fixing species but is nevertheless useful for fodder, mulches, and as a honey source. Its rapid regeneration and growth make it a potential weed. The wood is of small dimensions, commonly used as fuelwood; posts; building poles; and general utility. Further research is needed on the cultural management of S. spectabilis.
Cedrela odorata (Spanish cedar).
Authors: Pasiecznik Nick 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

C. odorata is a large tree up to 40 m tall and 2 m in diameter which produces a light-weight timber. Its natural distribution range is confined to the New World, extending from northern Mexico to Argentina, including the Caribbean. It is widely planted throughout the tropics and its timber is well known for its use in cigar boxes and a broad range of other products, including musical instruments. It is also occasionally planted for shade and used as an ornamental tree on roadsides and in parks. C. odorata has great potential as a plantation species, due to its fast growing and timber producing characteristics. It is also used as an agroforestry species in cocoa and coffee plantations (Lemmens et al., 1995). C. odorata is highly vulnerable to attack by shoot borers (Hypsipyla spp.), whose larvae damage seedlings and saplings. There is some evidence that infestation can be controlled by planting C.odorata with other species, such as Leucaena leucocephala, Neolamarckia cadamba or (under light shade) with Eucalyptus deglupta (Lemmens et al., 1995).
Cupressus sempervirens (Mediterranean cypress).
Authors: Rojas-Sandova Julissa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

C. sempervirens is a multipurpose tree species, which may reach up to 30 m in height with a d.b.h. of 50-60 cm. This species produces high-quality and very durable wood at low yields and is utilized more frequently as windbreaks, soil conservation, protection forest, and as an ornamental in many European landscapes. This species is suitable for plantation programmes in unfavourable conditions in many countries, including for afforestation on dry, shallow, clay soils. Since the beginning of the 1950s, Seiridium cardinale (cypress canker) has decimated common cypress plantations in Italy, Greece and France.
Lagerstroemia speciosa (pride of India).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

L. speciosa is a medium-size to large deciduous tree distributed throughout India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh, except for dry areas. The rate of growth is moderate and the trees grow best on deep, rich, well-drained alluvial loam, with sufficient moisture. The timber is used for buildings, ships, boats, dug-out canoes, bridges, water tanks, railway wagons, bus bodies, turnery, cooperage and many other purposes. L. speciosa is suitable for afforestation of sites prone to dampness and waterlogging, and can be grown successfully from seed, seedlings and stump plants. It is used in farming systems, as it is particularly suited to paddy rice agroforestry. L. speciosa is one of the most beautiful ornamental trees when in flower and is widely planted in India in gardens, parks, homesteads and avenues.
Bauhinia variegata (mountain ebony).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

B. variegata is of great importance as a multipurpose tree, particularly as a source of fodder in rural economies. Its wood is used for agricultural implements and the bark for tanning. The tree is very handsome when in flower and is widely planted as an ornamental (Watt, 1972).
Quality Parameter Index Estimation for Compressive Sensing Based Sparse Audio Signal Reconstruction
Authors: Upadhyaya Vivek , Sharma Girraj , Kumar Ashish , Vyas Sandeep , Salim Mohammad 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
As we, all know that the size of data is increasing tremendously day by day. In a recent project, several petabytes were used to save an image of the Black Hole. Therefore, it is very crucial to develop a method that can reduce the size of data for transmission & storage purposes. The Traditional method for data compression & reconstruction requires so much data space, due to this problem another technique is proposed for the compression and recovery purpose. This method is termed Compressive Sensing (CS). As per the Nyquist sampling theorem, for proper reconstruction of the signal, we have to do sampling at the double rate of maximum data rate available in the signal. As a result, the storage requirement increased as well as the cost of the system was also enhanced. While on the other hand in Compressive Sensing, little samples are required for the reconstruction of the signal. So here in this paper, we have considered three music signals which are single tone, instrumental and vocal song. Values of Mean Square Error, Root Mean Square Error and Signal to Noise Ratio for different compression ratios mentioned in the tables and plots. By analyzing these values we can easily investigate the effectiveness of compressive sensing.