bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐Term Voice Outcomes Following Cricotracheal Resection for Subglottic Stenosis: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Compton Evan C. , Beveridge Shari , Andreassen Meri , Gelfand Gary , McFadden Sean , Bosch Doug , Randall Derrick R. 
Published: August 2021

Objectives/HypothesisCricotracheal resection (CTR) is an effective treatment for refractory idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) but is associated with persistent dysphonia. Outcomes were measured longitudinally to characterize how patients' voices and self‐perceived voice handicaps changed after CTR.Study DesignRetrospective case‐series.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with refractory iSGS treated by CTR from 2006 to 2017. Voice Handicap Index (VHI), Consensus Auditory‐Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE‐V), and acoustic analysis were prospectively collected preoperatively and postoperatively at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24‐month intervals. A linear mixed model was used to evaluate temporal change.ResultsThirty‐three patients (97% female) were included. VHI scores increased significantly from baseline preoperative score (27.2 ± 22.7) to a mean value of 44.3 ± 25.6 (P < .001) 1‐month postoperatively but decreased below preoperative scores after 2 years (18.8 ± 11.9, P = .795). Mean fundamental frequency (F0) values in speech decreased significantly from 192.0 ± 24.9 Hz preoperatively to 167.1 ± 19.8 Hz at a 2‐year follow‐up (P = .002), with a nadir value at 1‐month postoperatively (148.4 ± 20.5, P < .001). CAPE‐V scores increased significantly from preoperative to 1‐month postoperative (3.0 ± 2.3 vs. 21.9 ± 17.3, P < .001) but returned toward baseline values at 24 months after CTR (6.9 ± 4.8, P = .027). CAPE‐V measurements postoperatively were correlated with VHI and F0 (Pearson coefficient = 0.54 (VHI), −0.46 (F0), P < .001).ConclusionsFollowing CTR, mean F0 values were significantly and consistently lower but did increase over time, correlating with patients' improving VHI and CAPE‐V scores. VHI values indicate that patient's perception of their voice is not significantly impacted in long term. These results provide a framework to counsel patients about long term voice expectations.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 132:1054–1060, 2022
Reconnecting reef recovery in a world of coral bleaching
Authors: Mumby Peter J. , Mason Robert A. B. , Hock Karlo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCoral bleaching can have widespread impacts on reefs leaving many areas in need of coral recovery. While the long‐term mitigation of bleaching requires transitioning to a low carbon economy, local management has focused on approaches that seek refugia from or tolerance to bleaching stressors, reduce additional stressors, or facilitate coral recovery. Here, we describe a tactical response to coral bleaching events that seeks to identify the most important reefs for driving imminent recovery. A bleaching recovery algorithm is described that identifies those reefs that provide the most important sources of coral larvae that supply many reefs in the early stages of post‐bleaching recovery (i.e., reefs in need of coral larval supply). We describe the algorithm with a simple toy example and then apply it to the Great Barrier Reef, which has experienced three mass bleaching events in the last 5 yr. Once such reefs have been identified it makes practical sense to undertake a vulnerability assessment and if necessary reduce manageable stressors, such as outbreaks of crown‐of‐thorns starfish or anchor damage, so that critical sources of coral recovery are not depleted further. In short, algorithms like this can help managers target finite management resources, including restoration, to where they might be most effective in facilitating natural processes of recovery.
Double Network Hydrogel Sensors with High Sensitivity in Large Strain Range
Authors: Zhang Jingfei , Xue Wei , Dai Yongqiang , Wu Lian , Liao Bing , Zeng Wei , Tao Xiaoming 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOwing to their preferable flexibility and facilitation to integrate with various apparel products, flexible sensors with high sensitivity are highly favored in the fields of environmental monitoring, health diagnosis, and wearable electronics. However, great challenges still remain in integrating high sensitivity with wide sensing range in one single flexible strain sensor. Herein, a new stretchable conductive gel‐based sensor exhibiting remarkable properties regarding stretchability and sensitivity is developed via improving the ionic conductivity of the PVA/P(AM‐AANa) double network hydrogel. Specifically, the strain sensor developed exhibits an excellent elongation of 549%, good fatigue resistance, and recovery performance. Simultaneously, the hydrogel strain sensor shows a high conductivity of 25 mS cm−1, fast response time of 360 ms, and a linear response (gauge factor = 4.75) to external strain (≈400%), which endow the sensor with accurate and reliable capacities to detect various human movements. Integrating the merits of flexibility, environment friendliness, and high sensitivity, the conductive gel‐based sensor has promising application prospects in human–machine interfaces, touchpads, biosensors, electronic skin, wearable electronic devices, and so on.
Genetic and clinical heterogeneity in Korean patients with Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome
Authors: Choi Naye , Kim Hwa Young , Lim Byung Chan , Chae Jong‐Hee , Kim Soo Yeon , Ko Jung Min 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundRubinstein–Taybi syndrome (RSTS) is a rare congenital malformation syndrome with clinical characteristics such as hypertrichosis, high arched eyebrows, large beaked nose, and broad thumbs and halluces. RSTS patients showed intellectual disability and health problems such as short stature, ophthalmologic abnormalities, congenital heart defects, genitourinary defects, and variable types of tumors. Although mutations in CREBBP and EP300 genes are associated with RSTS features, genetic causation is still unknown in 30% of patients.MethodsWe present clinical and molecular genetic characteristics of 25 unrelated Korean patients clinically diagnosed with RSTS. Sanger sequencing analysis and multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification for CREBBP in 25 patients and exome sequencing of CREBBP‐negative cases were performed in nine patients successively.ResultsCausative variants were identified in 20 (80%) patients: 16 (64%) in CREBBP and 4 (16%) in EP300. All the identified variants predict protein truncation (11 frameshift, 2 nonsense, 1 splicing‐site, and 6 large intragenic deletions); there are no repeatedly identified sequence variants. Four of the CREBBP and all four EP300 variants are novel. Intellectual disability was noted in 24/25 patients (96%); no difference was found between CREBBP and EP300 groups. One patient with a CREBBP variant (4%) had malignant tumor.ConclusionsTo date, this is the largest cohort of patients with RSTS including EP300‐related patients in Korea. Future large‐scale studies to find genetic mutation of molecularly unsolved patients and long‐term prospective studies are required to validate our results.
Effects of confining‐pressure dependent Lame moduli on the frequency‐dependent amplification of a poro‐viscoelastic soil layer under horizontal cyclic loading
Authors: Ueda Kyohei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a series of Biot theory‐based analytical solutions are proposed to study the dynamic response of a viscoelastic two‐phase porous medium subjected to horizontal cyclic loading. To investigate the effect of material dynamic properties' depth (or confining‐pressure) dependency, two types of soil stiffness profiles are adopted, along with the constant Lame elastic and loss moduli with depth: the moduli that are linearly increasing with depth and the moduli that are nonlinearly increasing with depth. The influence of the loading frequency, retardation time (or viscous damping), and a newly introduced model parameter that expresses the effect of soil cohesion on the moduli are numerically examined. When the retardation time is small and the dynamic response is periodic, it is demonstrated that the ground surface displacement versus loading frequency is greatly affected by the Lame moduli's depth‐dependency; the peak‐to‐peak period becomes shorter and the amplitude decay tends to be minimal, considering the depth‐dependency, particularly in the linearly increasing condition with depth. In addition, the cohesion‐related parameter affects not only the periodic displacement amplitude but also the phase characteristics. Furthermore, the effect of the Lame moduli's depth‐dependency is investigated on the amplification factor distribution with depth under horizontal loading.
Low fetal fraction in cell‐free DNA testing is associated with adverse pregnancy outcome: Analysis of a subcohort of the TRIDENT‐2 study
Authors: Becking Ellis C. , Wirjosoekarto Soetinah A. M. , Scheffer Peter G. , Huiskes Julia V. M. , Remmelink Marinka J. , Sistermans Erik A. , Bax Caroline J. , Weiss Janneke M. , Henneman Lidewij , Bekker Mireille N. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the association between low fetal fraction (FF) in prenatal cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) testing and adverse pregnancy outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of participants of the TRIDENT‐2 study (Dutch nationwide government‐supported study offering cfDNA screening for fetal aneuploidies) who received a failed test result due to low FF (<4%) between April 2017 until February 2018. Outcome measures included pregnancy‐induced hypertension (PIH), pre‐eclampsia (PE), small for gestational age neonates (SGA), spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), chromosomal aberrations, and congenital structural anomalies.ResultsTest failure due to low FF occurred in 295 women (1.12% of tests performed). Information regarding pregnancy outcomes was available for 96.3% of these women. The incidence of PIH, PE, SGA, sPTB, and GDM was 11.2%, 4.1%, 7.3%, 5.1%, and 14.8%, respectively. The prevalence of chromosomal aberrations and congenital structural anomalies was 1.4% and 4.1%, respectively. Incidences of PIH, PE ≥ 34 weeks of gestation, GDM, and prevalence of aneuploidy and congenital structural anomalies were higher in women with low FF compared to the general Dutch obstetric population.ConclusionLow FF is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The value of FF in the prediction of these outcomes needs to be further established.
Structural lung disease following allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis complicating pediatric cystic fibrosis
Authors: McCashney Angus , Robinson Phil 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAllergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) complicating cystic fibrosis (CF) is frequently associated with significant structural lung damage as assessed by computed tomography (CT) scanning.MethodsUsing a validated CF scoring system (structural lung disease [SLD] score) we examined the degree of structural lung disease in a group of 25 children with CF who had received steroid therapy for ABPA (CF‐ABPA) and compared our findings to a matched group of CF patients without ABPA (CF‐CON) using both cross‐section and longitudinal analysis. Further, we examined the structure–function correlation between CT findings and lung function.ResultsMean SLD score (expressed as a percentage of maximal score) was significantly higher (worse) in the CF‐ABPA group than the CF‐CON group (29.3% CF–ABPA vs. 18.7% CF‐CON p < .05). CF‐ABPA patients showed significantly greater rate of development of structural lung disease over time than CF‐CON patients (6.8% per year vs 1.4% p < .01). We found no correlation between lung function and the degree of structural lung disease.ConclusionsABPA in children with CF is associated with significantly more structural lung disease than that found in children with CF without ABPA. Despite interventive steroid therapy lung disease progresses more rapidly in those patients with ABPA and CF than control patients with CF.
Reliability modeling for planetary gear transmission system considering dependent failure processes
Authors: Lyu Hao , Wang Shuai , Ma Li , Zhang Xiaowen , Pecht Michael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMany mechanical systems are subject to degradation and random shock processes, which are dependent and competing. The two processes are soft failure process and hard failure process, either of which occurs will cause the system to fail. In this paper, a hard failure model of the gear system is established based on the Stress‐Strength Interference model, and a soft failure model of the system is also proposed. To consider the dependence between the two failure processes, the copula function is adopted. Then, the reliability model of the system subject to degradation and shocks is developed, and an expression of the system reliability is derived. Finally, a planetary gear transmission system is taken as a numerical example to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model, which is considered a k‐out‐of‐n system experiencing the processes of degradation and random shocks. Moreover, the effect of model parameters on reliability is evaluated through sensitivity analysis.
A note on minimizing time assurance tests for repairable systems
Authors: Hamada Michael S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe consider assurance testing for repairable systems when supplementary information is available in addition to the data collected in the assurance test. The supplementary information is incorporated using a Bayesian inferential framework. Here we consider assurance testing for a homogeneous Poisson process. In this note we consider an alternative criterion that minimizes the test time while ensuring that the requirements on the producer's and consumer's risks are met. We illustrate the use of this alternative criterion with an example.
Residuals based EWMA control charts with risk adjustments for zero‐inflated Poisson models
Authors: Lai Xin , Liu Ruoyu , Liu Liu , Wang Jiayin , Zhang Xuanping , Zhu Xiaoyan , Chong Ka Chun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCount data are widely available in many fields and numerous studies have designed control charts for them to monitor count processes. However, these control charts have limited effect on the ”zero‐inflated” data who have excess zeros. Zero‐inflated Poisson (ZIP) models are important methods to deal with the data and some control charts based on them have been proposed. Unfortunately, there are still some limitations in these works, such as lack of risk adjustments, inability to monitor two parameters of ZIP models simultaneously, or insufficient sensitivity to small shifts. Therefore, in this paper, we propose residuals based exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control charts with risk adjustments for ZIP models to detect small shifts in zero‐inflated data. With taking Pearson and deviance residuals as targets, the two parameters can be monitored simultaneously. The results of simulation study via Monte Carlo methodology demonstrate that our charts have better performance than the existing charts in detecting the small changes of zero‐inflated processes. In addition, according to the results, we advise that it is best to use the EWMA chart based on deviance residuals (DR‐EWMA) to obtain the optimal monitoring performance when the likelihood function is easy to define; otherwise, that based on Pearson residuals (PR‐EWMA) can still provide better results than the existing charts. Finally, two different real data sets are used to verify the practicability of our charts.
Experimental and ReaxFF‐based molecular dynamics studies of the reaction of oxygen with DR‐2 as a low global warming potential working fluid
Authors: Tao Neng , Cheng Yuan , Lu Song , Xing Haoran , Shahid Muhammad Usman , Lo Siuming , Zhang Heping 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe cis‐1,1,1,4,4,4‐hexafluoro‐2‐butene (DR‐2 or HFO‐1336mzz(Z)) is a novel environmentally friendly working fluid with appropriate physicochemical characteristics. The present work firstly investigated the decomposition mechanism and thermal stability of DR‐2 in a oxygen (O2)‐containing atmosphere at high temperature experimentally. The oxidative degradation features of DR‐2 were explored at the temperature of 473–1073 K and the products were monitored by GC–MS and IC. The experimental and ReaxFF‐based molecular dynamics results demonstrated the promotion effects of O2 on the DR‐2 decomposition. The participation of O2 molecules was supposed to lower the initial thermal decomposition temperature by 240 K approximately and increase the number of products such as hydrogen fluoride (HF), but the enhancement effect was weakened by the increasing reaction temperature. The reasonable Arrhenius parameters were calculated from the first‐order kinetic analyses‐based reactive molecular dynamics (RMD) simulations. Combined with the density functional theory, the pathways of initial oxidation decomposition product firstly observed in the experiment and RMD simulations were proposed in this study. These results may pave the way for further study of DR‐2 as a working fluid with lower global warming potential.
Analysis of the short‐term outcomes of biportal robot‐assisted lobectomy
Authors: Yang Ning , He Xiaoyang , Bai Qizhou , Cui Baiqiang , Gou Yunjiu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to assess the short‐term consequences of biportal robot‐assisted lobectomy, validating its safety and effectiveness.MethodsA retrospective analysis evaluated the clinical data and short‐term results of 18 patients in the single medical group of the centre who underwent biportal robot‐assisted lobectomy plus lymph node dissection from November 2020 to March 2021.ResultsLobectomy and lymph node dissection could be successfully accomplished in all 18 patients with the assistance of a biportal robot; there was no conversion to thoracotomy during the operation. There were 10 males and 8 females with their ages ranging from 37 to 73 (58.83 ± 9.07) years. The total operation time was 74–146 (105.06 ± 18.22) min. Punching time was 2–9 (5.11 ± 1.74) min. Docking time was 8–16 (11.94 ± 2.41) min. Console time was 50–104 (78.06 ± 17.40) min. Chest closing time was 8–17 (10.28 ± 2.74) min. Blood loss was 60–132 (94.11 ± 41.41) ml. The number of lymph nodes dissected was 16–30 (21.78 ± 4.13). Chest tube duration was 2–10 (4.06 ± 1.98) days. Drainage on the first day following surgery was 100–500 (337.22 ± 117.01) ml. Total drainage was 370–1100 (692.78 ± 161.01) ml. Duration of hospital stay was 4–12 (5.89 ± 1.94) days. The median 24 and 72 h visual analogue score scores were 4 (3–7) and 3 (2–5). Total cost (¥) was 51 000–85 000 (68 000 ± 10 000), respectively. There was one case of atrial fibrillation and one case of pulmonary infection. The complication rate was 11.11%. No serious complications were recorded after surgery, and no deaths occurred within 30 days post‐surgery. The final pathological diagnosis revealed 10 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 7 cases of adenocarcinoma and 1 case of benign disease.ConclusionThe biportal robot‐assisted lobectomy was found to be safe and effective in the treatment of lung cancer.
A Bayesian approach for estimating typhoid fever incidence from large‐scale facility‐based passive surveillance data
Authors: Phillips Maile T. , Meiring James E. , Voysey Merryn , Warren Joshua L. , Baker Stephen , Basnyat Buddha , Clemens John D. , Dolecek Christiane , Dunstan Sarah J. , Dougan Gordon , Gordon Melita A. , Thindwa Deus , Heyderman Robert S. , Holt Kathryn E. , Qadri Firdausi , Pollard Andrew J. , Pitzer Virginia E. ,   the STRATAA Study Group
Published: August 2021

AbstractDecisions about typhoid fever prevention and control are based on estimates of typhoid incidence and their uncertainty. Lack of specific clinical diagnostic criteria, poorly sensitive diagnostic tests, and scarcity of accurate and complete datasets contribute to difficulties in calculating age‐specific population‐level typhoid incidence. Using data from the Strategic Typhoid Alliance across Africa and Asia program, we integrated demographic censuses, healthcare utilization surveys, facility‐based surveillance, and serological surveillance from Malawi, Nepal, and Bangladesh to account for under‐detection of cases. We developed a Bayesian approach that adjusts the count of reported blood‐culture‐positive cases for blood culture detection, blood culture collection, and healthcare seeking—and how these factors vary by age—while combining information from prior published studies. We validated the model using simulated data. The ratio of observed to adjusted incidence rates was 7.7 (95% credible interval [CrI]: 6.0‐12.4) in Malawi, 14.4 (95% CrI: 9.3‐24.9) in Nepal, and 7.0 (95% CrI: 5.6‐9.2) in Bangladesh. The probability of blood culture collection led to the largest adjustment in Malawi, while the probability of seeking healthcare contributed the most in Nepal and Bangladesh; adjustment factors varied by age. Adjusted incidence rates were within or below the seroincidence rate limits of typhoid infection. Estimates of blood‐culture‐confirmed typhoid fever without these adjustments results in considerable underestimation of the true incidence of typhoid fever. Our approach allows each phase of the reporting process to be synthesized to estimate the adjusted incidence of typhoid fever while correctly characterizing uncertainty, which can inform decision‐making for typhoid prevention and control.
Nanofiber Composite for Improved Water Retention and Dendrites Suppression in Flexible Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Chen Zhaoyang , Yang Xing , Li Wenqiong , Liang Xiaoguang , Guo Jiaming , Li Haihan , He Yun , Kim Yoonseob 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWater loss of the gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) and dendrites growth on Zn anode are overriding obstacles to applying flexible zinc‐air batteries (ZABs) for wearable electronic devices. Nearly all previous efforts aim at developing novel GPEs with enhanced water retention and therefore elongate their lifespan. Herein, a facile interface engineering strategy is proposed to retard the water loss of GPE from the half‐open structured air cathode. In detail, the poly(ethylene vinyl acetate)/carbon powder (PEVA‐C) nanofiber composite interface layer with features of hydrophobicity, high conductivity, air permeability, and flexibility are prepared on the carbon cloth and set up between the GPE and electrode. The as‐assembled ZAB with simple alkaline PVA GPE exhibits an impressive cycle life of 230 h, which outperforms ZAB without the PEVA‐C nanofibers interface layer by 14 times. Additionally, the growth of Zn dendrites can be suppressed due to the tardy water loss of GPE.