bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic polypharmacy at all age: A population‐based drug utilization study
Authors: Guillot Jordan , Maumus‐Robert Sandy , Pariente Antoine , Bezin Julien 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPolypharmacy is a growing concern often described only in older people by cumulating all drugs taken. We aimed to describe chronic polypharmacy in France, regardless of age.A cross‐sectional descriptive study was performed using the 1/97th representative sample of the French health insurance nationwide database (EGB). All subjects alive on January 1, 2015, and covered by the French healthcare insurance were included, and their information collected until December 31, 2015, or date of death. Drug exposures were estimated from drug dispensing dates and treatment durations. Chronic uses of drug were defined as drugs used daily for more than 6 months. Chronic polypharmacy corresponded to the exposure to five chronic uses of drug or more.In 2015, information of 584 862 subjects was collected (mean age: 42.2 years). Prevalence of chronic polypharmacy was 5.6% and incidence 1.1%. Prevalence of chronic polypharmacy increased noticeably from 0.2% for subjects aged 18 to 40 years to a maximum of 29.2% for subjects aged 80 to 90 years and then decreased to 23.6% for subjects aged 90 years and more. Lipid‐modifying agents were the most frequent drugs involved in chronic polypharmacy (10% of exposure). According to age, the most important differences between the younger and older people were found for cardiovascular drugs (43.5% vs. 45.7% of exposure, respectively) and nervous system drugs (13.7% vs. 11.5% of exposure, respectively).This population‐based study showed increasing of chronic polypharmacy and evolution of chronic drug patterns with age.
Global sensitivities of forest carbon changes to environmental conditions
Authors: Besnard Simon , Santoro Maurizio , Cartus Oliver , Fan Naixin , Linscheid Nora , Nair Richard , Weber Ulrich , Koirala Sujan , Carvalhais Nuno 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe responses of forest carbon dynamics to fluctuations in environmental conditions at a global scale remain elusive. Despite the understanding that favourable environmental conditions promote forest growth, these responses have been challenging to observe across different ecosystems and climate gradients. Based on a global annual time series of aboveground biomass (AGB) estimated from radar satellites between 1992 and 2018, we present forest carbon changes and provide insights on their sensitivities to environmental conditions across scales. Our findings indicate differences in forest carbon changes across AGB classes, with regions with carbon stocks of 50–125 MgC ha−1 depict the highest forest carbon gains and losses, while regions with 125–150 MgC ha−1 have the lowest forest carbon gains and losses in absolute terms. Net forest carbon change estimates show that the arc‐of‐deforestation and the Congo Basin were the main hotspots of forest carbon loss, while a substantial part of European forest gained carbon during the last three decades. Furthermore, we observe that changes in forest carbon stocks were systematically positively correlated with changes in forest cover fraction. At the same time, it was not necessarily the case with other environmental variables, such as air temperature and water availability at the bivariate level. We also used a model attribution method to demonstrate that atmospheric conditions were the dominant control of forest carbon changes (56% of the total study area) followed by water‐related (29% of the total study area) and vegetation (15% of the total study area) conditions. Regionally, we find evidence that carbon gains from long‐term forest growth covary with long‐term carbon sinks inferred from atmospheric inversions. Our results describe the contributions from the atmosphere, water‐related and vegetation conditions to forest carbon changes and provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms of the coupling between forest growth and the global carbon cycle.
Static and dynamic corrosion behavior of SnO2‐doped AZS slip cast refractory in SLS glass
Authors: Toperesu Phillip Masimba , Kale Girish M. , Daji Jafar , Parkinson David E. , Parkinson Simon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe corrosion behavior of a tin IV oxide‐doped AZS‐refractory, subject to static and dynamic corrosion testing at 1370˚C in soda‐lime‐silica glass, was studied considering the effect of the microstructural features on corrosion. The refractory was synthesized by slip cast methods through reaction sintering of alumina and zircon raw materials using SnO2 as a sintering agent. SnO2 had a considerable influence in the enhanced alumina/zircon reaction sintering and the subsequently evolved microstructures of an interlocked Zr(1‐x)Sn(x)O2 solid solution reinforced alumina‐mullite composite. The process kinetics of the refractory corrosion followed reasonably well the predicted dependence on the square root of angular velocity under forced convection corrosion. Glass chemical corrosion and erosion of the refractory, under static and dynamic glass conditions, respectively, revealed the Zr(1‐x)Sn(x)O2 solid solution‐rich mullite matrix as providing the most corrosion resistance and glass compatibility.
Magnetic levitation force and trapped field properties of multiseeded YBCO with triangular arrangement of seeds
Authors: Abdioglu Murat , Guner Sait Baris , Ozturk Kemal , Yang Chiaming , Chen Ingann , Celik Sukru 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlthough there are studies in literature using different number of seeds with different arrangements, especially line and rectangular, it is seen that there is no detailed study handling the levitation force together with trapped field properties of triangular arrangement of seed in YBCO. Therefore, to further investigate the magnetic properties of seeded YBCO superconductors, we have fabricated cylindrical YBCO (YBa2Cu3O7) superconductors with triangular arrangement of the seeds with different seed distances. Maximum levitation force values were obtained as 39.4 N and 57.1 N, while the maximum guidance force values were obtained as −4.6 N, and −8.7 N, respectively, with single‐seeded and triangular‐seeded samples with seed distance of 14 mm. It was determined that the trapped field, levitation force, and guidance force firstly decreased from the single‐seeded sample to the triangular‐seeded sample with small seed distance and then increased with increasing seed distance. Increased field trapping and levitation force performances in the triangular‐seeded samples with suitable seed distance indicate that the triangular arrangement of seeds is an eligible method to produce larger dimension YBCO samples with bigger shielding current radius and bigger averaged trapped field values.
Extrusion‐based 3D printing of gelatin methacryloyl with nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite
Authors: Das Soumitra , Basu Bikramjit 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe particle shape and size distribution of inorganic fillers play a crucial role in the scaffold buildability when those are incorporated in the viscoelastic polymers. In order to address this issue, the phase pure rod‐shaped nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (HAp) powders with varying particle sizes and shapes were synthesized by a one‐pot hydrothermal method without any regulatory surfactant at an initial solution pH of 9. As‐synthesized nanocrystalline HAp particles (0–5 wt%) were incorporated into 15 wt% pre‐cross‐linked gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel matrix to fabricate a predesigned scaffold architecture using a custom‐made 3D bioprinter. The printing parameters (nozzle diameter, extrusion pressure, and printing speed) were optimized for each composition. The biophysical properties (uniaxial compression behavior, swelling ratio, and in vitro degradation) of the composite hydrogel scaffolds were critically analyzed to unravel the role of nano‐sized HAp addition. The compression strength and modulus were substantially improved, while the rate of water uptake and bio‐enzymatic degradation significantly reduced with HAp content. We propose that the inorganic–organic nanocomposite hydrogel could be efficiently assembled to formulate a potential bioink for 3D bioprinting applications toward tissue regeneration.
Finite element simulation of disk‐shaped HfB2 ceramics during spark plasma sintering process
Authors: Ranjbarpour Niari Elaheh , Vajdi Mohammad , Sakkaki Milad , Azizi Shahla , Sadegh Moghanlou Farhad , Shahedi Asl Mehdi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSpark plasma sintering is an interesting manufacturing method, which benefits electric current heating. In the present study, the sintering process of hafnium diboride (HfB2) ceramics was simulated using the finite element method. The governing equations of electric potential, current conservation, and energy conservation were solved using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The electric potential of the whole system versus time and current distribution at different time steps were obtained. The heat generation was calculated using the Joule heating effect, and the needed temperature for sintering was obtained. The required temperature for process progression was 2100°C that achieved after 1380 s. Moreover, the maximum electric current was 5942.863 A, which remained constant until the end of the operation. Since HfB2 is an electrical conductor, the current easily passed through the sample with an approximately uniform distribution. To provide a better understanding of the sintering mechanisms, an electrically resistive material (Al2O3) was also simulated. The results showed a more uniform current distribution in HfB2 compared to Al2O3. It was observed that the needed temperature for sintering of alumina was obtained only by heat conduction from graphite die toward the sample, whereas HfB2 benefited both mechanisms of heat conduction and Joule heating inside the sample.
Same‐sex partnership in the family policies of Japan, Singapore, and Taiwan
Authors: Chung Wei‐Yun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDiscussions about Asian same‐sex partnerships (SSPs) and queer families are relatively few due to their low social visibility and lack of legal recognition. Aiming to explore the relationship between the state and queer families beyond the Western context, I examine the connections between family‐related policies and laws, marriage and family norms, and SSPs in Japan, Singapore, and Taiwan. These three countries encourage marriage and parenthood within marriage, but they have different policies and laws on same‐sex relationships. By comparing how family‐related laws and policies in Japan, Singapore, and Taiwan treat SSPs and queer families, I find that policies with similar goals can be implemented differently. I also examine the long‐lasting heteronormativity and emerging homonormativity in these policies and laws. I further argue that legally and socially constructed connections between family, kin networks, and marriage should be considered in policy making and in academic discussions around SSP in Asia.
Social tax expenditures in Quebec (Canada): The state of play
Authors: Provencher Ysabel , Godbout Luc , St‐Cerny Suzie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to better understand the architecture of social protection as a complex and evolving system in contemporary societies. To achieve that goal, we establish an inventory of 65 socio‐fiscal expenditures or social tax expenditures (STEs) of Quebec's (Canada) personal income tax system. These include tax expenditures related to social protection insofar as they contribute in one way or another to the protection against major social risks, the improvement of living conditions and to the fight against exclusion and social inequalities. STEs were selected taking into account the objective pursued (supporting income, promoting pensions, helping employment, recognising family responsibilities, encouraging education, pursuing a specific social objective, and promoting tax equity) and the type of tax break (tax credits, exemptions, etc.). The classification reveals the extent of recourse to taxation as a complementary tool for public intervention in the field of social protection.
Les déterminants des disparités salariales au sein du groupe des salariés réguliers en Inde: analyse sur la période 1993–2012
Authors: MENON Rahul 
Published: September 2021

RésuméL'auteur utilise des méthodes de décomposition pour estimer le poids respectif d'une série de facteurs dans les disparités salariales au sein du groupe des salariés réguliers en Inde sur la période 1993‐2012. Il distingue aussi le rôle des caractéristiques elles‐měmes de celui de leur rendement dans l'écart et son évolution. Si la détention d'un diplôme du supérieur joue un rôle prépondérant, certains facteurs institutionnels (affiliation syndicale, emploi dans le secteur public) sont également déterminants. Pour expliquer les inégalités, on ne peut donc pas se contenter d'analyser les facteurs démographiques et techniques. Il faut aussi considérer les caractéristiques institutionnelles de l'économie.
A trauma informed response to COVID 19 and the deteriorating mental health of refugees and asylum seekers with insecure status in Australia
Authors: Kenny Mary Anne , Grech Carol , Procter Nicholas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCOVID‐19 brings increased risk to the mental health of asylum seekers and refugees in Australia on temporary visas. Rapid government changes due to the COVID‐19 pandemic are resulting in significant and sustained hardship on this already vulnerable group. This discursive paper is both an explainer and a resource for mental health nurses and health professionals with scope of practice in primary care and emergency departments responding to this population. The aim of this paper is to alert clinicians to the drivers of mental and suicide related distress and to provide recommendations as to how to therapeutically engage and support this group. Drivers include complex intersections between legal uncertainty, economic, social and mental health stress as drivers of entrapment, acute mental distress and suicidal ideation. Information about the COVID‐19 related factors as drivers contributing to worsening states of distress may help guide clinicians to consider protective factors designed to mitigate the onset or worsening of mental distress, plus aid in the development of health policy and service‐delivery arrangements of support and therapeutic engagement.
Examining the links between conspiracy beliefs and the EU “Brexit” referendum vote in the UK: Evidence from a two‐wave survey
Authors: Jolley Daniel , Douglas Karen M. , Marchlewska Marta , Cichocka Aleksandra , Sutton Robbie M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis research examined the link between conspiracy beliefs and political decisions in the context of the 2016 European Union referendum in the United Kingdom. In a longitudinal study, we surveyed British participants at two‐time points (one week before the referendum vs. immediately after the referendum). At both time points, participants (n = 334) indicated their belief in conspiracy theories specific to the referendum, their general tendencies toward conspiracy theorizing, their political orientation, and support for leaving the EU, followed by how they voted in the referendum, taken at Time 2. Using cross‐lagged path analysis, we found that conspiracy beliefs specific to the referendum predicted both support for leaving the EU, and voting to leave the EU, above and beyond political orientation. We also found that the general tendency toward conspiracy theorizing predicted belief in conspiracy theories relevant to the referendum, which subsequently led to increased support for leaving the EU. The chief novelty of this research lies in its longitudinal design, allowing us to conclude that conspiracy beliefs precede political behaviors in a temporal sequence.
Establishing the blood reference interval of pancreatic elastase‐1: A prospective study
Authors: Chi Su‐Fen , Lai Chia‐Yeh , Dong Wei‐Ting , Wang Jiunn‐Min , Wang Ya‐Yu , Yang Sheng‐Shun , Lin Jaw‐Town , Lee Teng‐Yu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and AimPancreatic elastase‐1 (PE‐1) has been investigated in pancreatic disorders. However, the reference interval (RI) of PE‐1 in blood remains unconfirmed. We aimed to establish the blood RI of PE‐1 in an adult population.MethodsIn this prospective cross‐sectional study, we enrolled 400 adults who had received the whole‐body physical check‐up program between May 1, 2019 and November 20, 2019. The serum and plasma PE‐1 levels were measured by latex turbidimetric immunoassay in different storage conditions (fresh, refrigerated, and frozen). The 95% and 99% RI of PE‐1 were calculated according to the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. The correlations between PE‐1 and other parameters were analyzed using multivariable regression models. Ultimately, 38 patients with acute pancreatitis were prospectively recruited as the validation cohort.ResultsThe PE‐1 levels in fresh serum were highly correlated with those in refrigerated (R2 = 0.998) or frozen (R2 = 0.942) samples; however, plasma should not be suggested in frozen conditions (plasma vs serum: R2 = 0.185). In the RI study population (202 male & 198 female participants), the median age was 52.6 (25–75% interquartile range: 43.1–61.0). The 95% and 99% RIs of PE‐1 were 30.0–221.0 and 22.0–359.0 ng/dL, respectively. Triglycerides (β = 0.106, P = 0.033), lipase (β = 0.154, P = 0.007), and CA19–9 (β = 0.130, P = 0.008) were independent factors associated with PE‐1. In the pancreatitis validation cohort, with a cut‐off value of 359.0 ng/dL, the sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 99.8%, respectively.ConclusionThe RI of PE‐1 established in this study can be used for further applications. Serum is the suggested form for frozen sample storage.
Differentiation of multiple system atrophy subtypes by gray matter atrophy
Authors: Campabadal Anna , Abos Alexandra , Segura Barbara , Monte‐Rubio Gemma , Perez‐Soriano Alexandra , Giraldo Darly Milena , Muñoz Esteban , Compta Yaroslau , Junque Carme , Marti Maria Jose 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and PurposeMultiple system atrophy(MSA) is a rare adult‐onset synucleinopathy that can be divided in two subtypes depending on whether the prevalence of its symptoms is more parkinsonian or cerebellar (MSA‐P and MSA‐C, respectively). The aim of this work is to investigate the structural MRI changes able to discriminate MSA phenotypes.MethodsThe sample includes 31 MSA patients (15 MSA‐C and 16 MSA‐P) and 39 healthy controls. Participants underwent a comprehensive motor and neuropsychological battery. MRI data were acquired with a 3T scanner (MAGNETOM Trio, Siemens, Germany). FreeSurfer was used to obtain volumetric and cortical thickness measures. A Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm was used to assess the classification between patients’ group using cortical and subcortical structural data.ResultsAfter correction for multiple comparisons, MSA‐C patients had greater atrophy than MSA‐P in the left cerebellum, whereas MSA‐P showed reduced volume bilaterally in the pallidum and putamen. Using deep gray matter volume ratios and mean cortical thickness as features, the SVM algorithm provided a consistent classification between MSA‐C and MSA‐P patients (balanced accuracy 74.2%, specificity 75.0%, and sensitivity 73.3%). The cerebellum, putamen, thalamus, ventral diencephalon, pallidum, and caudate were the most contributing features to the classification decision (z > 3.28; p < .05 [false discovery rate]).ConclusionsMSA‐C and MSA‐P with similar disease severity and duration have a differential distribution of gray matter atrophy. Although cerebellar atrophy is a clear differentiator between groups, thalamic and basal ganglia structures are also relevant contributors to distinguishing MSA subtypes.
Functions of social networks in maternal food choice for children in Mexico
Authors: Reyes Ligia I. , Frongillo Edward A. , Moore Spencer , Blake Christine E. , Gonzalez Wendy , Bonvecchio Anabelle 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFood choice for children has important implications in establishing early‐life dietary habits and preferences. Food choice for children has been studied as parent–child dyad dynamics, but little is known about the extended system of relationships in maternal food choice for children. The objective of this study was to understand the functions of mothers' social networks in the food choices that mothers make for their children ages 1 to 5 years old in rural Mexico. In‐depth interviews were conducted with 46 participants in three rural communities. The interviews inquired about participants' child‐feeding practices, personal and local beliefs about child feeding and the individuals with whom they had conversations about food and child feeding. All interviews were conducted in Spanish, audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim, verified for quality and analysed using the constant comparative method. Five interconnected networks emerged, consisting of household family, non‐household family, community, children's initial school and health and nutritional programme personnel. Each network had functions in food choice that ranged from shared food decision‐making in the household family network to imparting formal dietary guidance in the health and nutritional programme personnel network. Across the networks, professionals, participants' mothers and mothers‐in‐law, community senior women and other women with children emerged as prominent figures whom participants would turn to for child‐feeding advice. These findings provide empirical evidence that social networks, as an organized system of interconnected relationships, have vital functions in establishing social norms for food choices made for children that can be leveraged to promote healthy food choices.
Right ventricular dilatation and systolic dysfunction and relationship to QRS duration in patients with left bundle branch block and cardiomyopathy
Authors: Park Seung‐Jung , Kwon Deborah H , Rickard John W , Varma Niraj 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundMarked QRS widening in patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB) may reduce efficacy of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). We hypothesized that extreme QRS prolongation may accompany right ventricular (RV) dilatation/systolic dysfunction (RVD/RVsD) as well as left ventricular dilatation/systolic dysfunction (LVD/LVsD).MethodsWe assessed rates of both ventricular dilatation and systolic dysfunction according to widening of QRS duration (QRSd) in 100 consecutive cardiomyopathy patients with true LBBB (QRSd ≥ 130 ms in female or ≥140 ms in male, QS or rS in leads V1/V2, and mid‐QRS notching/slurring in ≥2 contiguous leads of I, aVL, and V1/V2/V5/V6). Ventricular dimensions and function were measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsThere was a trend toward an increase in the prevalence of LVD (13%, 20%, and 90%), LVsD (67%, 77%, and 90%), RVD (23%, 27%, and 50%), RVsD (27%, 27%, and 40%), RVD plus RVsD (13%, 17%, and 40%), or RVD/RVsD (37%, 37%, and 50%) according to the degree of QRS prolongation (<150 ms, n = 30; 150–180 ms, n = 60; and ≥180 ms, n = 10). Similarly, patients in the highest quartile of QRSd (QRSd ≥ 168 ms, n = 26) showed greater rates of RVD (23% vs. 44%, p = .069), RVsD (22% vs. 48%, p = .032), RVD plus RVsD (10% vs. 30%, p = .040), or RVD/RVsD (33% vs. 57%, p = .050) compared to those in the remaining quartiles (n = 74). QRSd ≥ 180 ms was identified as an independent predictor for the presence of RVD plus RVsD.ConclusionThe rates of RVD and/or RVsD increased with QRS widening, particularly when QRSd exceeded 180 ms. This may diminish anticipated CRT response rates in cardiomyopathy patients with LBBB.