bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenomic reconstruction reveals new insights into the evolution and biogeography of Atta leaf‐cutting ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Barrera Corina A. , Sosa‐Calvo Jeffrey , Schultz Ted R. , Rabeling Christian , Bacci Maurício 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAtta Fabricius is an ecologically dominant leaf‐cutting ant genus, the major herbivore of the Neotropics, and an agricultural pest of great economic importance. Phylogenetic relationships within Atta have until now remained uncertain, and the delimitation and identification of a subset of Atta species are problematic. To address these phylogenetic uncertainties, we reconstruct the most comprehensive phylogenetic estimate to date of Atta by employing ultraconserved elements (UCEs). We recovered 2340 UCE loci from 224 Atta specimens, which include 14 out of the 15 identifiable species from across their geographic distributions, and 49 outgroup specimens. Our results strongly support the monophyly of Atta and of the four clades that coincide with the previously recognized subgenera Archeatta Gonçalves, Atta s.s. Emery, Epiatta Borgmeier, and Neoatta Gonçalves. The Archeatta clade contains three species occurring in North and Central America and the Caribbean and is the sister group of the remainder of all other Atta species. The Atta s.s. clade is composed of two species occupying North, Central, and South America. The Epiatta clade contains seven entirely South American species and the two species of the Neoatta clade occur in Central and South America. Divergence‐dating analyses identify a series of major events in the Miocene, such as the divergence of Acromyrmex Mayr and Atta 16.7 million years ago (Ma) and the crown‐group origin of Atta around 8.5 Ma. Extant Atta species evolved very recently, originating in the early Pleistocene, approximately 1.8–0.3 Ma (crown‐group ages). We provide the first evidence that Atta goiana Gonçalves belongs to the Epiatta clade and that Atta robusta Borgmeier is the species with the youngest crown‐group age of 0.3 Ma. The very young ages of Atta and its component species indicate a recent, rapid radiation. Biogeographic analyses suggest that the range of the most recent common ancestor of Atta consisted of the combined North/Central America and NW South America bioregions and that one daughter lineage subsequently dispersed into South America, rapidly diversifying in the newly formed Cerrado biome and Chaco, and further dispersing into the Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, and Pampas bioregions.
In search of TP53 mutational hot spots for Li‐Fraumeni syndrome in Asian populations
Authors: Lo Piccolo Luca , Jantrapirom Salinee , Moonmuang Sutpirat , Teeyakasem Pimpisa , Pasena Arnat , Suksakit Pathacha , Charoenkwan Pimlak , Pruksakorn Dumnoensun , Koonrungsesomboon Nut 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveGermline mutations of the TP53 tumour suppressor gene are the only known cause of the hereditary autosomal disorder called Li‐Fraumeni syndrome (LFS). However, little information is available about TP53 pathogenic variants in Asian LFS patients, making it difficult to provide precise genetic counselling with regard to long‐term cancer risk. We conducted a systematic review to gather relevant case–control studies exploring the association between TP53 polymorphisms and the incidence of cancer belonging to the LFS spectrum in Asian populations.MethodSystematic review and meta‐analysis. The odds ratio was used as a summary effect measure to quantify the strength of the association between TP53 polymorphisms and cancer risk by means of random‐effects meta‐analysis.ResultsIn total, 16 studies were included in this systematic review, with 13 studies (involving 10,645 cases and 28,288 controls) that enabled meta‐analysis. The majority of the studies focused on a single‐nucleotide variation at codon 72 in exon 4 (c.215C>G, p.Arg72Pro, rs1042522). Therefore, we tested either dominant, co‐dominant, recessive, or heterozygous models and found that the p.Arg72Pro was not significantly associated with increased cancer risk in any of the models.ConclusionWe found the number of studies on cancers belonging to the LFS spectrum in Asia is very small. Thus, at the present time a meta‐analysis approach is somewhat useful to identify germline TP53 mutations as potential markers of hereditary cancer associated with LFS in Asian populations.
Response of canine thyroid carcinomas to radioiodine
Authors: Jegatheeson Selvi , Zuber Max , Woodward Andrew P. , Cannon Claire M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRadioactive iodine (131I) has previously been reported to prolong survival in dogs with thyroid carcinoma. This study aimed to describe tumour response and progression‐free interval (PFI) in dogs with thyroid carcinomas treated with131I. Secondary aims were to describe overall survival time (OST) and prognostic factors. A bi‐institutional retrospective review of records identified 66 dogs with thyroid carcinoma treated with131I from January 2010 to April 2020. Response was described using RECIST or a subjective response assessment where specific tumour measurements were not available. Forty‐eight dogs (72.7%) were treatment naïve and 18 dogs (27.3%) had received prior therapy at the time of131I treatment. Objective responses were available for 34 dogs and subjective responses for 58 dogs. The overall response rate was 35.3% (four complete and eight partial responses). Improvement of clinical signs was seen in 76.2% of dogs (32/42). Kaplan–Meier‐estimated median PFI (95% confidence interval [CI]) was 301 (217–578) days and OST (95% CI) was 564 (421–865) days. Prior therapy was associated with a lower hazard for progression (hazard ratio [HR] 0.260 95% CI 0.123–0.548,p = .0004). Treatment of thyroid carcinoma using131I can effectively alleviate clinical signs and reduce disease burden in a proportion of dogs.
Subjective assessment of frequency distribution histograms and consequences on reference interval accuracy for small sample sizes: A computer‐simulated study
Authors: Coisnon Camille , Mitchell Mark A. , Rannou Benoit , Le Boedec Kevin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundInaccuracy in estimating reference intervals (RIs) is a problem with small sample sizes.ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify the most accurate statistical methods to estimate RIs based on sample size and population distribution shape. We also studied the accuracy of sample frequency distribution histograms to retrieve the original population distribution and compared strategies based on the histogram and goodness‐of‐fit test.MethodsThe statistical methods that best enhanced accuracy were determined for various sample sizes (n = 20‐60) and population distributions (Gaussian, log‐normal, and left‐skewed) were determined by repeated‐measures ANOVA and posthoc analyses. Frequency distribution histograms were built from 900 samples of five different sizes randomly extracted from six simulated populations. Three reviewers classified the population distributions from visual assessments of a sample histogram, and the classification error rate was calculated. RI accuracy was compared among the strategies based on the histograms and goodness‐of‐fit tests.ResultsThe parametric, nonparametric, and robust methods enhanced lower reference limit estimation accuracy for Gaussian, log‐normal, and left‐skewed distributions, respectively. The parametric, nonparametric bootstrap, and nonparametric methods enhanced the upper limit estimation accuracy for Gaussian, log‐normal, and left‐skewed distributions, respectively. Regardless of sample size, sample histogram assessments properly classified the original population distribution 71% to 93.9% of the time, depending on the reviewers. In this study, the strategy based on histograms assessed by the statistician was significantly more precise and accurate than the strategy based on the goodness‐of‐fit test (P < 0.001).ConclusionsA strategy based on histograms might enhance the accuracy of RI estimations. However, relevant inter‐reviewer variations in histogram interpretation were detected. Factors affecting inter‐reviewer variations should be further explored.
A Mixed-Method Examination of Coaches’ Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Toward Athletes
Authors: Kim Jeemin , Tamminen Katherine A. , Harris Constance , Sutherland Sara 
Published: September 2021

Athletes often upregulate and downregulate pleasant or unpleasant emotions to feel or perform better (i.e., for hedonic or instrumental reasons). In addition to athletes regulating their own emotions, interpersonal emotion regulation (IER) also occurs in sports, wherein individuals attempt to regulate the emotions of others. Although previous research has examined IER between teammates, studies have rarely considered coaches’ efforts to regulate athletes’ emotions. The current mixed-method study explored coaches’ beliefs about athletes’ emotions and engagement in IER. Analysis of quantitative survey data (N = 208) and qualitative interview data (n = 10) from competitive level coaches (Mage = 44.0 ± 13.2 years) revealed that coaches perceived both benefits and detriments of various emotions, and coaches’ beliefs about emotions influenced the ways they attempted to regulate athletes’ emotions. Most coaches reported frequently engaging in affect-improving IER. Although the coaches generally opposed the idea of intentionally worsening athletes’ emotions, sometimes their feedback to athletes had the effect of worsening their emotions. Coaches also emphasized the need to consider athletes’ individual differences when engaging in IER. The current findings highlight the relevance of coaches’ IER, suggest several directions for future research, and offer useful considerations for coaches and coach education programs.
Study of the Influence of Different Methods of Taking into Account the Coulomb Interaction on Determining Asymptotic Normalization Coefficients within the Framework of Exactly Solvable Model
Authors: Blokhintsev L. D. , Savin D. A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIt is shown that the Schrödinger equation for the sum of the potential of a square well and the Coulomb potential of a uniformly charged sphere admits an analytical solution for arbitrary values of the orbital angular momentum. An explicit form of this solution has been found. Using the obtained solution, the influence of the Coulomb interaction for both point and distributed nuclear charges on the values of asymptotic normalization coefficients for various nuclear systems is investigated. It is shown that taking into account the non-point distribution of the nuclear charge has little effect on the calculated values of the asymptotic normalization coefficients, provided that the binding energy of the system is assumed to be fixed.
Neurodevelopment in normocephalic children with and without prenatal Zika virus exposure
Authors: Blackmon Karen , Evans Roberta , Fernandes Michelle , Landon Barbara , Noel Trevor , Macpherson Calum , Cudjoe Nikita , Burgen Kemi S , Punch Bianca , Krystosik Amy , Grossi-Soyster Elysse N , LaBeaud Angelle Desiree , Waechter Randall 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveZika virus (ZIKV) targets neural stem cells in the developing brain. However, the majority of ZIKV-exposed children are born without apparent neurological manifestations. It remains unclear if these children were protected from ZIKV neurotropism or if they harbour subtle pathology that is disruptive to brain development. We assess this by comparing neurodevelopmental outcomes in normocephalic ZIKV-exposed children relative to a parallel control group of unexposed controls.DesignCohort study.SettingPublic health centres in Grenada, West Indies.Patients384 mother–child pairs were enrolled during a period of active ZIKV transmission (April 2016–March 2017) and prospectively followed up to 30 months. Child exposure status was based on laboratory assessment of prenatal and postnatal maternal serum.Main outcome measuresThe INTERGROWTH-21st Neurodevelopment Assessment (INTER-NDA) package and Cardiff Vision Tests, administered and scored by research staff masked to child’s exposure status.ResultsA total of 131 normocephalic ZIKV exposed (n=68) and unexposed (n=63) children were assessed between 22 and 30 months of age. Approximately half of these children completed vision testing. There were no group differences in sociodemographics. Deficits in visual acuity (31%) and contrast sensitivity (23%) were apparent in the ZIKV-exposed infants in the absence of cognitive, motor, language or behavioural delays.ConclusionsOverall neurodevelopment is likely to be unaffected in ZIKV-exposed children with normal head circumference at birth and normal head growth in the first 2 years of life. However, the visual system may be selectively vulnerable, which indicates the need for vision testing by 3 years of age.
WHO essential medicines for children 2011–2019: age-appropriateness of enteral formulations
Authors: Orubu Ebiowei Samuel F , Duncan Jennifer , Tuleu Catherine , Turner Mark A , Nunn Anthony 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionThe WHO Essential Medicine List for children (EMLc) is used for promoting access to medicines. The age-appropriateness of enteral (oral and rectal) formulations for children depend on their adaptability/flexibility to allow age-related or weight-related doses to be administered/prescribed and the child’s ability to swallow, as appropriate. There is scant information on the age-appropriateness of essential enteral medicines for children.ObjectiveTo evaluate the age-appropriateness of enteral essential medicines.Materials and methodsAge-appropriateness of all enteral formulations indicated and recommended in the EMLc 3rd to 7th (2011–2019) editions were determined by assessing swallowability and/or dose adaptability for children under 12 years, stratified into five age groups.ResultsEnteral formulations in the EMLc were more age-appropriate for older children aged 6–11 years than for younger children. In the 3rd edition, for older children, 77%, n=342, of formulations were age-appropriate. For younger children, age-appropriateness decreased with age group: 34% in those aged 3–5 years, 30% in those aged 1–2 years, 22% among those aged 28 days to 11 months and 15% in those aged 0–27 days. Overall, similar proportions were found for the 7th edition. In contrast, the majority of medicines in the 7th list were age-appropriate in targeted diseases like HIV and tuberculosis.ConclusionMost recommended enteral essential medicines in EMLc 2011 and 2019 were not age-appropriate for children <6 years. Medicines which are not age-appropriate must be manipulated before administration, leading to potential issues of safety and efficacy. Evaluation of the age-appropriateness of formulations for medicines to be included in EMLc could improve access to better medicines for children in the future.
Validation of parsimonious prognostic models for patients infected with COVID-19
Authors: Harish Keerthi , Zhang Ben , Stella Peter , Hauck Kevin , Moussa Marwa M , Adler Nicole M , Horwitz Leora I , Aphinyanaphongs Yindalon 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesPredictive studies play important roles in the development of models informing care for patients with COVID-19. Our concern is that studies producing ill-performing models may lead to inappropriate clinical decision-making. Thus, our objective is to summarise and characterise performance of prognostic models for COVID-19 on external data.MethodsWe performed a validation of parsimonious prognostic models for patients with COVID-19 from a literature search for published and preprint articles. Ten models meeting inclusion criteria were either (a) externally validated with our data against the model variables and weights or (b) rebuilt using original features if no weights were provided. Nine studies had internally or externally validated models on cohorts of between 18 and 320 inpatients with COVID-19. One model used cross-validation. Our external validation cohort consisted of 4444 patients with COVID-19 hospitalised between 1 March and 27 May 2020.ResultsMost models failed validation when applied to our institution’s data. Included studies reported an average validation area under the receiver–operator curve (AUROC) of 0.828. Models applied with reported features averaged an AUROC of 0.66 when validated on our data. Models rebuilt with the same features averaged an AUROC of 0.755 when validated on our data. In both cases, models did not validate against their studies’ reported AUROC values.DiscussionPublished and preprint prognostic models for patients infected with COVID-19 performed substantially worse when applied to external data. Further inquiry is required to elucidate mechanisms underlying performance deviations.ConclusionsClinicians should employ caution when applying models for clinical prediction without careful validation on local data.
Associations between community cultural engagement and life satisfaction, mental distress and mental health functioning using data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS): are associations moderated by area deprivation?
Authors: Mak Hei Wan , Coulter Rory , Fancourt Daisy 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesThe association between community cultural engagement and mental health and well-being is well established. However, little is known about whether such associations are influenced by area characteristics. This study therefore examined whether the association between engagement in community cultural assets (attendance at cultural events, visiting museums and heritage sites) and subsequent well-being (life satisfaction, mental distress and mental health functioning) is moderated by neighbourhood deprivation.DesignData were drawn from Understanding Society: The UK Household Longitudinal Study waves 2 and 5. Participating households’ addresses were geocoded into statistical neighbourhood zones categorised according to their level of area deprivation.SettingGeneral population.ParticipantsUK general adult population, with a total sample of 14 783.Main outcome measuresLife satisfaction was measured with a seven-point scale (1: completely unsatisfied to 7: completely satisfied). Mental distress was measured using the General Health Questionnaire 12. Mental health functioning was measured using 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12).ResultsUsing Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, we found that engagement in cultural assets was consistently and positively associated with subsequent life satisfaction and mental health functioning and negatively associated with mental distress. Importantly, such associations were independent of individuals’ demographic background, socioeconomic characteristics and regional location. The results also show that relationships between engagement in community cultural assets and well-being were stronger in more deprived areas.ConclusionsThis study shows that engagement in community cultural assets is associated with better well-being, with some evidence that individuals in areas of high deprivation potentially may benefit more from these engagements. Given that causal mechanisms were not tested, causal claims cannot be generated from the results. However, the results suggest that place-based funding schemes that involve investment in areas of higher deprivation to improve engagement rates should be explored further to see if they can help promote better well-being among residents.
Midline incisional hernia prophylaxis using synthetic mesh in an emergency or urgent gastrointestinal tract surgery: a protocol for multicentre randomised clinical trial
Authors: Tansawet Amarit , Numthavaj Pawin , Sumritpradit Preeda , Techapongsatorn Suphakarn , McKay Gareth , Attia John , Thakkinstian Ammarin 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionBetween 5% and 30% of abdominal incisions eventually result in incisional hernias (IHs) that can lead to severe complications and impaired quality of life. Unfortunately, IH repair is often unsuccessful; therefore, hernia prophylaxis is an important issue. The efficacy of mesh augmentation has been proven for hernia prophylaxis in high-risk patients, but no randomised clinical trial has evaluated prophylactic mesh placement in emergency/urgent gastrointestinal operations.Methods and analysisA multicentre, prospective randomised, open and patient–assessor blinded endpoint design will be conducted. A total of 470 patients will be enrolled and randomly allocated to retrorectus mesh augmentation with lightweight polypropylene mesh or primary suture closure. The primary outcome is IH occurrence within 24 months of follow-up, while other clinical outcomes are secondary endpoints. A cost-effectiveness analysis will be conducted from the societal and provider perspectives.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from Ramathibodi Hospital (MURA2020/1478) and Vajira Hospital (COA164/2563). The protocol is on the process of submission to the local ethics committee of the other study sites. Results will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberTCTR20200924002.
Seasonality of adverse birth outcomes in women with and without HIV in a representative birth outcomes surveillance study in Botswana
Authors: Caniglia Ellen C , Abrams Jasmyn , Diseko Modiegi , Mayondi Gloria , Mabuta Judith , Makhema Joseph , Mmalane Mompati , Lockman Shahin , Bernstein Aaron , Zash Rebecca , Shapiro Roger 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionSub-Saharan Africa has the largest number of people with HIV, one of the most severe burdens of adverse birth outcomes globally and particular vulnerability to climate change. We examined associations between seasonality and adverse birth outcomes among women with and without HIV in a large geographically representative birth outcomes surveillance study in Botswana from 2015 to 2018.MethodsWe evaluated stillbirth, preterm delivery, very preterm delivery, small for gestational age (SGA), very SGA, and combined endpoints of any adverse or severe birth outcome. We estimated the risk of each outcome by month and year of delivery, and adjusted risks ratios (ARRs) of outcomes during the early wet (1 November–15 January), late wet (16 January–31 March) and early dry (1 April–15 July) seasons, compared with the late dry (16 July–31 October) season. Analyses were conducted overall and separately by HIV status.ResultsAmong 73 178 women (24% with HIV), the risk of all adverse birth outcomes peaked in November–January and reached low points in September. Compared with the late dry season, the ARRs for any adverse birth outcome were 1.03 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.06) for the early dry season, 1.08 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.11) for the early wet season and 1.07 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.10) for the late wet season. Comparing the early wet season to the late dry season, we found that ARRs for stillbirth and very preterm delivery were higher in women with HIV (1.23, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.59, and 1.33, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.62, respectively) than in women without HIV (1.07, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.26, and 1.19, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.36, respectively).ConclusionsWe identified a modest association between seasonality and adverse birth outcomes in Botswana, which was greatest among women with HIV. Understanding seasonal patterns of adverse birth outcomes and the role of HIV status may allow for mitigation of their impact in the face of seasonal extremes related to climate change.