bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variegated Arecanut (Areca Catechu L.)
Authors: R NAGARAJA N , M Arivalagan , P Chowdappa 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Variegations in ornamental crops are not uncommon however, reports of variegations in Areca catechu L.-an economically important plantation crop have not been made yet. In the present study we have identified and characterized the palms of Mangala and South Kanara Local populations that showed variegation trait. These variant palms have variegated green and yellow stripes on nuts, leaves, leaf sheath and greener portion of the stem. Besides morphological differences, kernels also showed variations. Significant differences in the physiological and biochemical parameters of these off-types were recorded. Physiological parameters like photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, stomatal resistance and chlorophyll index were recorded from the greener portion of variegated leaves, yellow regions of the variegated leaves and control leaves (wild type leaves). The photosynthetic rate of greener portion of variegated leaves did not differ significantly from the wild type leaves in both Mangala and S.K. Local varieties. But in both the varieties significant differences were observed between greener portion of variegated leaves and wild type leaves with yellow regions of the variegated leaves. Similarly, in both the varieties stomatal conductance of green region of variegated leaves and normal leaves are higher than yellow regions of the variegated leaves, so is the transpiration rate. Greener portion of variegated leaves and the normal leaves showed higher values for transpiration than yellow regions of the variegated leaves in both the varieties. Yellow regions of the variegated leaves showed low transpiration rate in Mangala and S.K. Local varieties. Expectedly, stomatal resistance was low in green region of variegated leaves and normal leaves compared to yellow regions. Yellow regions of the variegated leaves showed very low chlorophyll index compared to green region of variegated leaves and normal leaves in both the varieties. Biochemical constituents like total sugar, total phenolics, non-tannin phenolics and antioxidant potential in terms of reducing power using CUPRAC and FRAP methods were analysed along with moisture content in both immature and ripened arecanut of both normal and variegated types of Mangala and South Kanara Local varieties. The biochemical analysis results indicated wide variation between normal and variegated types for all the biochemical constituents studied. The genetic, biochemical and physiological significance of these variegations are discussed in this paper.
Anesthesia Analepsia Management Improves Postoperative Stress Reaction and Oxygenation in Elderly Patients Undergoing Lumbar Spine Surgery
Authors: Li Guifei , Chen Zhi , Tan Furong , Huang Qiang , Li Yizhen , Su Furong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Developing a scientific and effective anesthesia analepsia management strategy is of great significance to reduce the risk of complications in elderly patients. This study aims to explore the effect of analepsia management on the postoperative stress reaction and oxygenation in elderly patients with lumbar spine surgery.Methods: In this randomized controlled study, 60 elderly patients who underwent lumbar spine surgery with general anesthesia in Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Shapingba District, Chongqing City were included. According to the random number table method, patients were randomly divided into test group (n=30) and control group (n=30). During the analepsia period, patients in the control group received routine management, while the test group received a new analepsia management strategy based on the control group. The analepsia quality, postoperative stress reaction, oxygenation function, and complication rates of the two groups were compared.Results: Compared with the control group, the extubation time, fully awake time, and resuscitation chamber residence time in test group were significantly shortened (P<0.05). At different times postoperatively, the test group had significantly lower epinephrine, cortisol, and blood sugar levels than the control group (P<0.001), and significantly higher or lower PaO2, oxygenation index (OI), and PaCO2 values ​​(P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score in the test group was lower (P＜0.05), while the Quality of Recovery-40 (QoR-40) score was higher (P＜0.05), and the test group had a lower incidence of restlessness, hypothermia and respiratory complications during the analepsia period (P<0.05).Conclusions: This study showed that the analepsia management strategy could improve the postoperative stress reaction and oxygenation function of elderly patients with lumbar spine surgery, which could promote the postoperative recovery of patients.
Where to Draw The Line?
Authors: Sheng Heping , Wilder John , Walther Dirk B. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We often take people’s ability to understand and produce line drawings for granted. But where should we draw lines, and why? We address fundamental principles that underlie efficient representations of complex information in line drawings. First, 58 participants with varying degree of artistic experience produced multiple drawings of a small set of scenes by tracing contours on a digital tablet. Second, 37 independent observers ranked the drawings by how representative they are of the original photograph. Overall, artists’ drawings ranked higher than non-artists’. Matching contours between drawings of the same scene revealed that the most consistently drawn contours tend to be drawn earlier. We generated half-images with the most-versus least-consistently drawn contours by sorting contours by their consistency scores. Twenty five observers performed significantly better in a fast scene categorization task for the most compared to the least consistent half-images. The most consistent contours were longer and more likely to depict occlusion boundaries. Using psychophysics experiments and computational analysis, we confirmed quantitatively what makes certain contours in line drawings special: longer contours mark occlusion boundaries and aid rapid scene recognition. They allow artist and non-artists to convey important information starting from the first few strokes in their drawing process.
Analog/RF Performance of Triple Material Gate Stack-Graded Channel Double Gate-Junctionless Strained-silicon MOSFET with Fixed Charges
Authors: Suddapalli Subba Rao , Joseph Rani Deepika Balavendran , Chintala Vijaya Durga , Saramekala Gopi Krishna , D Srikar , Nistala Bheema Rao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, analog/radio frequency (RF) electrical characteristics of triple material gate stack-graded channel double gate-Junctionless (TMGS-GCDG-JL) strained-silicon (s-Si) MOSFET with fixed charges is analyzed with the help of Sentaurus TCAD. By varying the various device parameters, the analog/RF performance of the proposed TMGS-GCDG-JL s-Si MOSFET is evaluated in terms of early voltage, transconductance generation factor (TGF), voltage gain, unity current gain frequency ( ft ), unity power gain frequency (fmax ), and gain transconductance frequency product (GTFP). The results confirm that the proposed TMGS-GCDG-JL s-Si MOSFET has superior analog/RF performance compared to the gate stack-graded channel double gate-junctionless (GS-GCDG-JL) s-Si MOSFET. However, the proposed device has less transconductance and less output conductance in comparison with the GS-GCDG-JL s-Si MOSFET in strong inversion region, and reverse trend follows in sub-threshold region.
Distribution, Sources and Risk Assessment of Microplastics in Sediments of an Urban Water Supply Reservoir, China
Authors: Liu Yunzhao , Jiang Zhongguan , Wu Jiajun , Zhao Xianfu , Li Jing , Fang Ting , Liang Yangyang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In freshwater ecosystems, previous studies on microplastics have been mostly focused on natural rivers and lakes, with limited consideration of urban water source areas. Sediments, recording the steady process of microplastics accumulation during a long period of time, can act as an important sink for microplastics. In this study, we investigated the distribution, characteristics and ecological risks of microplastic contaminants in sediments of a water supply reservoir of Hefei City (the Dafangying Reservoir). Meanwhile, the differences of microplastic concentrations in sediments between the rural and urban areas were also compared. The average microplastics abundance of sediments in rural areas was 83.20 ± 32.99 n/100g dry weight (dw), and 182.67 ± 72.21 n/100g (dw) in urban areas. The total microplastic concentrations were significantly higher in sediments of urban sites than that in rural sites (p < 0.01), which can be ascribed to more complex and diverse microplastic sources triggered by intensive anthropogenic activity in cities. Specifically, we also demonstrated significantly higher microbead abundance (p < 0.01) in urban sites, which may result from the widespread use of microbead in personal care products. Our results detected five shapes (fibers, debris, films, foams and microbeads) and seven colors (white, black, transparency, red, blue, green and brown) of microplastics in sediments of the Dafangying Reservoir, with fibers and transparency accounting for the dominant shape and color, respectively. Given the complexity and diversity of microplastics in urban areas, we exhibited a relatively higher abundance of microplastics in the Dafangying Reservoir than that in other rural larger reservoirs. According to the index of geoaccumulation, the sedimentary microplastics were assessed as moderately polluted. Our study provides valuable references for microplastic contaminants in urban water supply reservoir, and highlights the importance of microplastics assessment in aquatic ecosystems.
Topographical Landmarks for Identification of Inferior Alveolar Nerve and its Surgical Implications - a Cadaveric Study
Authors: K Ariyanachi , P Sushma 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Inferior alveolar nerve, which arises from the posterior division of the mandibular nerve, contains both sensory and motor fibres. The intraosseous course of the nerve is variable. Mandibular foramen is situated on the medial surface of the mandibular ramus. It is an important anatomical landmark for procedures like sagittal split osteotomies and inferior alveolar nerve block.Methods: The precise location of mandibular foramen was studied by the dissection of formalin fixed cadavers available for undergraduate dissection for a period of two years fron 2014-2016. Results: The mandibular foramen was 21±3.33 mm superior to the gonion at an angle of 980±50 with the base of the mandible. The mandibular foramen was 20.13±3.1 mm inferior to the lowest point of the mandibular notch. Accessory mandibular foramen was observed in 9.37% of the samples dissected.Conclusion: The present study explains the position of mandibular foramen in relation to prominent bony landmarks and the knowledge about the mandibular foramen, helps dental surgeons during inferior alveolar nerve blocks and split osteotomies.Practical implications: Failure rate of the inferior alveolar nerve block has been reported to be approximately 20-25%. A thorough anatomical knowledge of the mandibular ramus is essential for inferior alveolar nerve blocks and sagittal split osteotomies, since they are technically difficult procedures and as they are also associated with a higher incidence of complications.
Plant Regeneration Through Somatic Embryogenesis in Two Cultivars of Pineapple (Ananas Comosus L.)
Authors: CACAÏ Gilles Habib Todjro , Ahokpossi Brunith A.M. , Houédjissin Serge S. , Houngue Jerome Anani , Badou Bienvenu T. , Ahanhanzo Corneille 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Pineapple production is mostly constrained by unavailability of high-performance suckers. However, somatic embryogenesis (SE) have been revealed the most rapid and controllable method for Pineapple propagation than conventional sucker production methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the responses of two cultivars of pineapple regenerated through somatic embryogenesis. Calli were induced from crown leaf and plantlets leaf of Smooth Cayenne and Sugar Loaf cultivars. Murashige and Skoog base medium supplemented with vitamins B5 and different plant growth regulators combinations. BAP and / or 2,4-D have been added to base medium for calli maturation. BAP and GA3 have been added for plant elongation. The results indicated a significant influence of type of explant and copper on callus induction in pineapple cultivars. Likewise, the medium MS with NAA (0.5 mg/l) + BAP (1mg/l) has a highly significant influence with 8.8 mature somatic embryos per explant. Also, the growth regulator combinations and the cultivars have significantly influenced somatic embryos regeneration with a high rate of 55.25% plantlets using the hormonal combination BAP (3 mg/l) + GA3 (2 mg/l) for the smooth Cayenne. Leaves from plantlets constitute the explants to be used for callus induction in pineapple. The combination of BAP (1 mg/l) + copper (2 mg/l) + Picloram (6 mg/l or 12 mg/l) on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with vitamins B5 was favorable somatic embryos regeneration of pineapple. The protocol developed is a key study for successful mass propagation and genetics transformation of pineapple.
Beam Orientation Optimization for Coherent X-Ray Scattering From Distributed Deep Targets
Authors: Breedlove Sophya , Badano Aldo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAmyloid deposits in the temporal and frontal lobes in patients with Alzheimer's disease make them potential targets to aid in early diagnosis. Recently, spectral small-angle x-ray scattering techniques have been proposed for interrogating deep targets such as amyloid plaques. ResultsWe describe an optimization approach for the orientation of beams for deep target characterization. The model predicts the main features of scattering profiles from targets with varying shape, size and location. We found that increasing target size introduced additional smearing due to location uncertainty, and incidence angle affected the scattering profile by altering the path length or effective target size. For temporal and frontal lobe targets, beam effectiveness varied up to 2 orders of magnitude. ConclusionBeam orientation optimization might allow for patient-specific optimal paths for improved signal characterization.
Conflict Detection In Affective Language Content: Affective Incongruency In Semantically Correct Sentences Describing Social Interactions Activates The Anterior Cingulate Cortex
Authors: Schauenburg Gesche , Aryani Arash , Hsu Chun-Ting , Schröder Tobias , Conrad Markus , von Scheve Christian , Jacobs Arthur M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Neurocognitive studies on the emotion-language relation report a significant influence of affective content on the level of single words. However, it is rather difficult to investigate such influence on the sentence level – partly due to a missing theoretical approach to integrate multiple affective meanings. In a previous EEG study, we used impression formation equations based on Affect Control Theory to calculate affective congruency of sentences describing social interactions to successfully predict ERP effects. The current study was crucially motivated by the assumption that the reported early effect of affective incongruency was related to automatic conflict detection associated with activation in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). To test this hypothesis, we replicated the study as an event-related fMRI design: we visually presented the same sentences to 23 participants (12 f, 11 m) in a silent reading reading task while measuring differences in the hemodynamic response in two conditions of affective congruency. The ROI analysis results showed expected enhancement of neural activity for affectively incongruent sentences in left ACC, supporting the assumption that affective language content influences meaning making already at basic semantic processing stages. The reported results represent a replication of neuroscientific evidence for ACT's mathematical model of impression formation.
The Effect of Psychological Adaptation on Prevention Behavior of College Students during the Coronavirus Disease(COVID-19): A Moderated Mediating Model
Authors: Ren Jun , Yang Caihong , Huang Fei , Zhang Yan , Shi Hui 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 is an infectious disease. From January 2020 to now, the disease is still a public health event.Aims: Our aim in the present study was to examine the effects of psychological adaptation on preventive behavior, the mediating effect of risk cognition and the moderating effect of stress coping.Methods: We took colleges students in China as the survey subject; data were collected during the peak period of the COVID-19.Results: Psychological adaptation had a significant negative predictive effect on preventive behavior. Risk cognition had a partial mediating effect between psychological adaptation and preventive behavior. Stress coping plays a moderating effect in the first half of the mediating process of psychological adaptation → risk cognition → preventive behavior, and individuals with high stress coping are more vulnerable to the impact of psychological adaptation on risk cognition.Conclusions: The impact of psychological adaptation on preventive behavior can occur through the mediation variable of risk cognition. Reducing the risk cognition of college students helps to enhance the positive predictive effect of psychological adaptation on preventive behavior. Moreover, stress coping plays a moderating effect of the mediation model. improving the stress coping of colleges and universities students helps to better increase the negative predict effect of psychological adaptation on risk cognition.
miR-32-5p Inhibits the Proliferation, Migration and Invasion of Thyroid Cancer Cells by Regulating Twist1
Authors: Liu Qing , Li Ouyang , Zhou Chi , Wang Yu , He Chunxue , Li Silei , Lu Lu , Chen Jidong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Thyroid cancer is the most prevalent malignancy and one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. Recent studies have revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in tumorigenesis in various cancer types by affecting the expression of its targets. However, the role of miR-32-5p in thyroid cancer remains limited. Methods: In this study, we attempt to explore the role of miR-32-5p in thyroid cancer and elucidate the underlying mechanism. Expression of miR-32-5p was determined by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Functional assays were performed by CCK-8 assay, cell colony assay, cell apoptosis assay, cell migration and invasion assays, cell cycle assay and luciferase assay. Protein expression was analyzed by Western blot.Results: In the present study, the role of miR-32-5p in thyroid cancer was firstly explored. It is found that miR-32-5p was downregulated in thyroid cancer tissues and cells. Overexpression of miR-32-5p inhibited thyroid cancer cells proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition process; while suppression of miR-32-5p exhibited an opposite effect on thyroid cancer cells. In addition, In addition, a luciferase assay showed Twist1 was identified as a direct target of miR-32-5p in thyroid cancer, and further study showed that restoration of Twist1 attenuated the biological effect of miR-32-5p on thyroid cancer cells. Conclusion: In conclusion, our results demonstrated miR-32-5p functions as a tumor suppressor by targeting Twist1 in thyroid cancer, providing a novel insight into thyroid cancer therapy.
NEFAs Influence the NF-κB Inflammatory and Insulin Signaling Pathways Through TLR4 in Bovine Hepatocytes In Vitro
Authors: Deng Qinghua , Du Liyin , Zhang Yuming , Liu Guowen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Dairy cows are often in a state of negative energy balance (NEB), because of decreased dry matter intake and increased energy requirements, initiating lipid mobilization and leading to high serum β-hydroxybutyrate and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels, which can induce ketosis and fatty liver in dairy cows. We all have known that inflammation and insulin resistance are also common diseases in perinatal period of dairy cows. So what is the relationship between negative energy balance, insulin resistance and inflammation in cow? In order to study the role of NEFAs in the NF-κB inflammatory and insulin signaling pathways through TLR4, we cultured bovine primary hepatocytes and added different concentrations of NEFAs to test the mRNA and protein levels of inflammatory and insulin signaling pathways. Our experiments indicated that NEFAs could activate the NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway and influence insulin resistance through TLR4. However, an inhibitor of TLR4 alleviated the inhibitory effects of NEFAs on the insulin pathway. In conclusion, all of these results indicate that high-dose NEFAs can activate the TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway, and reduce the sensitivity of the insulin pathway through the TLR4/PI3K/AKT metabolic axis.
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of the Efficacy, Tolerability, and Safety of Celecoxib Oral Solution (ELYXYB) in Acute Treatment of Episodic Migraine With or Without Aura
Authors: Lipton Richard B , Munjal Sagar , Tepper Stewart J , Iaconangelo Charles , Serrano Daniel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Safe, effective, oral therapies are needed for acute treatment of migraine. This clinical trial assessed the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of celecoxib oral solution (ELYXYB) in a single migraine attack associated with moderate-to-severe pain.
Methods

This Phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial treated adults with episodic migraine (with or without aura) with a single 4.8 mL dose of 120-mg celecoxib oral solution or placebo. Co-primary endpoints were the proportion of patients who were pain-free and free from the most bothersome migraine symptom (MBS) at 2 hours post-dose. The MBS was identified at screening from among nausea, photophobia, or phonophobia.
Results

Six hundred thirty-one patients were randomized (mean age 41 years, range 18–75; 84.3% female). One study site met prespecified outlier criteria and was excluded from efficacy analyses. This site had a mean 2-hour pain freedom placebo response rate of 75% vs 23.5% for all other sites. In subsequent analysis, 2-hour post-dose pain freedom response rates were significantly higher in the celecoxib oral solution group vs placebo (32.8%, [27.2%, 38.8%]) vs 23.5%, [18.5%, 29.2%]; P = 0.020). For 2-hour post-dose MBS freedom, response rates were significantly higher in the celecoxib oral solution group vs placebo (58.1% [51.4%, 64.5%] vs 43.9% [37.2%, 50.7%]; P = 0.003). A total of 10.7% (31/289) of patients treated with celecoxib oral solution and 9.9% (28/283) of placebo-treated patients reported a treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE). Study drug-related TEAEs were reported by 7.3% (21/289) and 7.4% (21/283) of celecoxib oral solution and placebo patients, respectively; the most common were nausea (celecoxib oral solution: 1.4% [4/289] vs placebo: 1.8% [5/283]) and dysgeusia (celecoxib oral solution: 1.7% [5/289] vs placebo: 1.1% [3/283]). No serious TEAEs, deaths, or drug-related TEAEs leading to withdrawal were reported.
Conclusions

Celecoxib oral solution is a safe, effective COX-2-selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for the treatment of acute migraine. In this analysis, celecoxib oral solution was significantly more effective than placebo and was also associated with a low rate of gastric TEAEs. Celecoxib oral solution may provide a convenient, alternate option to currently available treatments.
Trial registration:

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03009019; Registered January 4, 2017; Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03009019