bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP BIDAN DENGAN TINDAKAN INDUKSI DAN AKSELERASI DALAM PERSALINAN DI KOTA PEMATANGSIANTAR TAHUN 2013
Authors: Simanjuntak Tumiar , Simbolon Tiamin , Sianipar Kandace 
Published: April 2021

Hasil survei demografi kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) tahun 2007 menunjukkan terdapat 258 kasus dari 1046 ibu bersalin yang dilakukan induksi pada saat persalinan yang dilakukan di sejumlah rumah sakit umum di Indonesia. Hasil survey yang dilakukan oleh Depkes Sumatera Utara ditemukan sebanyak 250 ibu hamil perbulan dilakukan induksi saat persalinan. Tindakan induksi persalinan berhubungan dengan kenaikan angka kejadian tindakan Sectio Caesar. Pada beberapa induksi persalinan ditemukan adanya tanda-tanda fetal distress, anoksia dan cedera pada bayi, sedangkan pada ibu dapat terjadi ruptur uteri, atonia uteri, laserasi serviks. Sesuai dengan Kepmenkes RI No. 369/Menkes/SK/III/2007 tentang standar profesi bidan Akselerasi dan induksi persalinan merupakan bagian dari pengetahuan dan keterampilan tambahan yang harus dimiliki oleh seorang bidan. Hasil survey di RSUD Dr. Djasamen Saragih Pematangsiantar diketahui pada tahun 2011 terdapat 63 (20,13%) ibu bersalin yang diinduksi dan akselerasi dari 313 persalinan dan pada tahun 2012 terdapat 49 (13,4%) dari 366 persalinan. Sekitar 30–45 % pasien yang diinduksi dan akselerasi di RSUD Dr.Djasamen Saragih rumah sakit tersebut merupakan rujukan dari bidan dan berakhir dengan Secsio Sesarea terutama disebabkan karena kegagalan dari induksi dan akselerasi tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap bidan tentang induksi/akselerasi persalinan dengan tindakan induksi dan akselerasi dalam persalinan di Kota Pematangsiantar tahun 2013. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan jenis Explanatory Research (penelitian penjelasan) yaitu penelitian yang menjelaskan hubungan antara variabel bebas dan variabel terikat melalui pengujian hypothesis yang dirumuskan dan pendekatan yang digunakan adalah cross sectional, yaitu subyek hanya diobservasi sekali saja dan pengukuran dilakukan terhadap karakter atau variabel subyek pada saat pemeriksaan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh bidan yang memiliki praktek mandiri dan berdomisili di Kota Pematangsiantar dan pada 6 bulan terakhir ada melakukan induksi dan akselerasi persalinan sebanyak 45 orang dan 31 menjadi subjek penelitian. Pengumpulan data dengan cara wawancara menggunakan kuesioner dan lembar kuesioner. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah Chi Square dan regresi logistik.
FASTING THERAPY AS SELF-CONTROL
Authors: Jamil Sholehati Rofi'ah 
Published: April 2021

Fasting is familiar for Muslims around the world. One of the compulsory worship for Muslims is fasting during Ramadhan. Fasting is refraining from something that breaks fasting with a specific intention—fasting from dawn to sunset. Fasting not only suppresses appetite for food and drink but also restrains desire during the day. Fasting can also be said to be self-controlling from things that are detrimental or negative. We know that the current era of globalization has dramatically changed the pattern of people's lives. Good in terms of dress, talk, and food. Therefore this paper discusses fasting therapy as self-control. Various studies explained that fasting and getting the reward of fasting could also control emotions, avoid various diseases, and elevate human beings for the better. A person who does fasting will sincerely get a reward, the remission of sins, both sins in the past and sins that will come.
ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЯКОСТІ ОСВІТИ ДІТЕЙ РАННЬОГО ТА ДОШКІЛЬНОГО ВІКУ У ПРИВАТНОМУ СЕКТОРІ: НАУКА І ПРАКТИКА
Authors: Канішевська Любов Вікторівна 
Published: April 2021

6 квітня 2021 р. Відділенням загальної педагогіки та філософії освіти Національної академії педагогічних наук України, Інститутом проблем виховання НАПН України разом із підкомітетом з питань раннього розвитку та дошкільної освіти Комітету Верховної Ради України проведено вебінар на тему: «Забезпечення якості освіти дітей раннього та дошкільного віку у приватному секторі: наука і практика». У роботі вебінару взяли участь учені Інституту проблем виховання й інших установ НАПН України, працівники Міністерства освіти і науки України, Державної служби якості освіти України, науковці, представники закладів вищої освіти, директори, засновники, педагоги приватних закладів дошкільної освіти та інші. Вебінар присвячено актуальним проблемам сучасної дошкільної освіти у приватному секторі: забезпеченню якості освіти дітей раннього та дошкільного віку; упровадженню сучасних освітніх методик і технологій в освітній процес; налагодженню співпраці всіх зацікавлених суб’єктів із закладами освіти дітей раннього та дошкільного віку приватної форми власності; реалізації стандарту дошкільної освіти в таких закладах.
TEACHING A DIALOGUE AT ENGLISH LESSONS IN SCHOOL
Authors: Григорьева Елена Николаевна , Абрамова Анжелика Геннадьевна , Гурьянова Татьяна Юрьевна 
Published: April 2021

Обучение диалогической речи на иностранном языке является одной из ключевых проблем иноязычного образования в силу доминирования данного вида речевой деятельности в ходе иноязычной коммуникации. Авторы статьи анализируют современное состояние вопроса обучения диалогу на английском языке, основные теоретические и практические аспекты обучения диалогической речи: особенности диалога как вида речевой деятельности, систему упражнений для обучения диалогу-расспросу на английском языке. Материалом исследования послужили труды по методике обучения устной речи на иностранном языке (В. Л. Скалкин, Е. Н. Соловова, М. Л. Вайсбурд, И. Л. Бим, М. В. Гайлит, Я. Яноушек, Г. В. Рогова, Н. П. Грачева). В ходе исследования на основе анализа экзаменационных ответов выпускников 9 и 11 классов на основного государственного экзамена (ОГЭ) и единого государственного экзамена (ЕГЭ) авторы статьи выявляют наиболее типичные ошибки и затруднения учеников в заданиях, предполагающих ведение условного диалога-расспроса на английском языке и ответы на вопросы коммуникатора. В статье также приводятся практические результаты проведенного эксперимента по апробации разработанного авторами комплекса упражнений для обучения условному диалогу-расспросу на английском языке в школе, основанного на применении визуальных опор и сочетании индуктивного и дедуктивного подходов к обучению диалогу.
Teaching a dialogical speech in a foreign language is one of the key problems of foreign language education due to the dominance of this type of speech activity in the course of foreign language communication. The authors of the article analyze the current state of the issue, the main theoretical and practical aspects of the problem of teaching a dialogue: features of dialogical speech, system of exercises for teaching dialogue in English. The research material is based on the works on methodology of teaching oral speech in a foreign language (V. L. Skalkin, E. N. Solovova, M. L. Weisburd, I. L. Bim, M. V. Gailit, Ya. Yanoushek, G. V. Rogova, N. P. Gracheva). In the course of the study, basing on the analysis of the Basic State Exam and Unified State Exam results, the authors identify the most typical mistakes when making a dialogue in English. The article also presents the practical results of experimental work on testing the set of exercises for teaching dialogical speech in English at school, based on the use of visual aids and a combination of inductive and deductive approaches to teaching a dialogue.
L’avis des parents sur le conjoint choisi par leur enfant : quelles évolutions en un siècle ?
Authors: Bouchet-Valat Milan , Grobon Sébastien 
Published: April 2021

L’influence de la famille sur le choix du conjoint diminue depuis le début du XX e siècle, entraînant d’abord un désaccord plus fréquent des parents de 1920 à 1970, puis une tolérance croissante après. Le mariage d’amour se développe ; l’affinité entre conjoints prend le pas sur la proximité sociale. Les lieux de rencontre s’élargissent hors du voisinage et de la famille, et les parents se montrent de plus en plus ouverts à des conjoints d’un autre milieu.
Comparison of analgesic requirements in robot-assisted versus conventional laparoscopic abdominal surgeries
Authors: Mangalath Athira Suresh , Kumar Lakshmi , Sawant Ambreen Basheer , Kesavan Rajesh , Ravindran Greeshma , Sunil Rajan 
Published: April 2021

Background and Aims:
Robot-assisted surgery is advantageous in the precision of tissue handling and shorter postoperative recovery. We compared postoperative analgesic requirements in laparoscopic versus robot-assisted surgery in the first 24 h as our primary objective. The secondary outcomes were extubation on table, time to ambulation, and length of ICU stay.

Material and Methods:
After approval from the ethics committee 48 patients undergoing either laparoscopic (group L [n = 24]) or robotic abdominal surgery (group R [n = 24]) were evaluated for analgesic requirements postoperative targeting a numerical rating scale ≤3 in a prospective comparative study. Postoperative patients were allotted to a three-tier pain management, level 1 comprising paracetamol 1 g intravenously every 8 h, level 2, 1.5 mg/kg tramadol every 8 h, and level 3 fentanyl 0.5 μg/kg. The total analgesic consumption in the first 24 h was calculated for each group. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test.

Results:
Age, weight, and types of surgery were comparable between the groups. The intraoperative opioid use was comparable between both groups but the duration of surgery was longer in group R. Postoperative analgesic requirements were significantly less in group R (P = 0.024) and the length of ICU stay was shorter (P < 0.05). The time to ambulation was significantly shorter in group R patients (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Analgesic requirements were significantly less in robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery in the first 24 h. The time to ambulation and length of ICU stay were shorter in the robot-assisted group in comparison to the laparoscopic group.
Effect of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Blockade on Intestinal Injury Induced by Indomethacin in Rats
Authors: Rabee Asmaa Abdulaziz A. , Mansour Yahya Saber E. , Mariz Huda A. , Eljamay Salwa Muftah 
Published: April 2021

Aim:
The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the possible cytoprotective effects of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockade, captopril (10 mg/kg), telmisartan (10 mg/kg), and a proton-pump inhibitor (lansoprazole) on intestinal injury induced by indomethacin in rats.

Materials and Methods:
This effect was evaluated through the assessment of intestinal inflammatory biomarkers and oxidative stress parameters. Forty adult male albino rats weighing 170–200 g were used and divided equally into five groups. After the treatment, the following were assessed: Myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme activity, pro-inflammatory (interleukin-1beta [IL-1 β]) content and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, reduced glutathione (GSH) content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity, and histopathological examination of the intestinal tissues was conducted.

Results:
Indomethacin group induced a significant increase in MDA content, also in inflammatory biomarker (MPO enzyme activity, IL-1 β content, and IL-10 content) compared to normal control, while indomethacin group induced a significant decrease in GSH content, SOD enzyme activity compared to normal control group. Captopril, telmisartan, lansoprazole administration before indomethacin-induced significant increase in GSH content, SOD enzyme activity, while induced significant decrease in MDA content as well as in inflammatory biomarker compared to indomethacin group, which indicate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects, and the gastroprotective properties of RAAS blockers, which also shown in the histopathological examination of intestinal tissues.

Conclusion:
This study showed the possible antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects as well as the gastroprotective properties of RAAS blockers. Telmisartan has more antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect as well as cytoprotective action than captopril.
Cyclone Idai as a Trigger for Pellagra Outbreak in Nhamatanda, Mozambique: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Mugabe Vánio André , Mahumane Arlete , Semá Baltazar Cynthia , Rossetto Érika Valeska , Nhabomba Crescêncio Sequeira , Fataha Neusa , Nyamula Unicia , Sotomane Angélica , Irugula Wilson , Canze Benigno , Inlamea Osvaldo Frederico , Kitron Uriel , Ribeiro Guilherme Sousa , Samo Gudo Eduardo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.In mid-June 2019, 3 months after cyclone Idai landfall in Mozambique, health authorities of Nhamatanda district reported an outbreak of Pellagra. Applying a mixed-method protocol, we carried out an investigation to characterize cases of pellagra, identify the associated factors for the outbreak using a case–control study, and explore the perceived impact on food security (availability, access, and usage) before and after Idai. We collected data from 121 cases and 121 controls and conducted in-depth interviews with 69 heads of households. The cases were more likely to be female (P < 0.01) and less educated (P < 0.01) than controls. Insufficient consumption of chicken and peanut before cyclone Idai arrival were statistically associated with pellagra (P < 0.05). From interviewed households’ heads, 51% were experiencing food shortages even before the cyclone hit. Cyclone Idai served as a trigger to reduce niacin consumption below the threshold that protected Nhamatanda population from pellagra and caused a ≈2,300 case (707.9/100,000 inhabitants) outbreak.
Candidatus Dirofilaria Hongkongensis Infections in Humans During 2005 to 2020, in Kerala, India
Authors: Kumar Anil , Sreedhar Ani , Biswas Lalitha , Prabhat Sarga , Suresh Parasmal , Asokan Anisha , Tomy Rita Mary , Vinod Vivek , Lakshmanan Bindu , Nambiar Ajit , Biswas Raja 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.We tried to determine the epidemiology and species of human dirofilariasis observed at two tertiary care hospitals in Kerala. We searched the hospital database to identify cases of dirofilariosis from January 2005 to March 2020. Along with human isolates, one dog Dirofilaria isolate was also subjected to PCR and sequencing of pan filarial primers cytochrome oxidase subunits 1 and 12S rDNA. We documented 78 cases of human dirofilariosis. The orbit, eyelid, and conjunctiva were the most commonly affected sites. Molecular characterization identified one dog and five human isolates as Candidatus Dirofilaria Hongkongensis. A rare case of subconjunctival infestation by B. malayi was also documented. Human dirofilariosis is a public health problem in the state of Kerala in India, and it is mostly caused by Candidatus Dirofilaria Hongkongensis. We propose that all diroifilaria isolates are subjected to sequencing for identification.
Influence of maternal pelvis height and other anthropometric measurements on the duration of normal childbirth in Ugandan mothers
Authors: Munabi Ian G , Luboga Samuel Abilemech , Byamugisha Josaphat , Luboobi Livingstone , Mirembe Florence 
Published: April 2021

In low resource settings, maternal anthropometry may complicate time based monitoring of childbirth. We set out to determine the effect of maternal anthropometry and foetal birth weight on the duration of childbirth. Birth related secondary data from 987 mothers with pregnancies of ≥ 37 weeks, singleton baby and a normal childbirth were obtained. This data was analysed for regression coefficients and Interclass correlations coefficients (ICCs). The mean duration of childbirth was 7.63hours. Each centimetre increase in maternal pelvis height led to a 0.56hours increase for the first stage (P<0.01), 0.05hours reduction for second stage (P<0.01), and 0.46hours increase in total duration of childbirth (p<0.01). For each centimeter increase in maternal height there was a 0.04hours reduction in the first stage (P=0.01) and a 0.005hours increase in second stage (P=0.03). The ICCs with respect to geographical site were 0.40 for stage 1, 0.27 for stage 2 and 0.21 for stage 3. Additional modeling with tribe of mother did not change the ICCs. Maternal pelvis height and maternal height were found to have a significant effect on the duration of the different stages of normal childbirth. Additional study is needed into the public health value of the above measurements in relation to childbirth in these settings.Key words: Humans; anthropometry; childbirth; pelvis height;
Regional differences in the cellularity and vascularity of the patellar tendon
Authors: Wambua Brian , Awori Kirsteen , Kigera James , Ongeti Kevin , Olabu Beda 
Published: April 2021

The patellar tendon (PT) attaches to the apex of the patella and tibial tuberosity. Its response to tensile forces is influenced by the distribution of fibroblasts and its vascularity. The vascularity and distribution of fibroblasts influence the tendons ability to repair microtears. Microtears of the PT result in patellar tendinopathy. There is however, paucity of data on the regional distribution of vascular and cellular elements in the PT which might explain why microtears occur in the posterior-proximal third. One hundred and two pairs of patellar tendons were obtained from postmortem specimens. Sections from the proximal, middle and distal third from the anterior and posterior lamina of 20 pairs of the patellar tendon (10 male, 10 female) were processed for microscopy to demonstrate the cellularity and vascularity of the tendon. The vascularity was highest in the middle third of the anterior lamina. The posterior lamina of the tendon was less vascular than the anterior lamina. The posterior lamina was more cellular than the anterior with the proximal third showing the highest number of nuclei. These findings indicate that the pre-patellar genicular anastomosis contributes significantly to the vascularity of the anterior lamina while the anastomosis located in Hoffa’s fat pad may be less rich and thus resulting in lower vascularity for the posterior lamina. Lower vascularity implies less healing ability after microtears. Therefore, orthopedic surgeons should be aware of this precarious pattern of vascularity to the posterior lamina. The posterior lamina’s high cellularity especially in the proximal third indicates that it may experience greater stress and via durotaxis more fibroblasts migrate to that region to produce more collagen fibers for resilience. The greater tensile stress experienced by the posterior-proximal third and its lower vascularity may explain why it is most susceptible to microtears.Key words: Patella tendon, regional differences, cellularity, vascularity, patella tendinopathy
Morphometric study of cephalo-facial indices among Bini children in southern Nigeria
Authors: Omotoso D.R. , Olanrewaju A.J. , Okwuonu U.C. , Adagboyin O. , Bienonwu E.O. 
Published: April 2021

Cephalometry is an important branch of anthropometry which involves the morphological study of structures present in the human head or scientific measurement of the dimensions of the head. Some of the most important cephalometric parameters include the length/height and breadth/width of the head, the face and the nose as well as their respective indices. These cephalometric parameters are vital in the description of variation which is a common phenomenon that characterizes human physiognomy. They are also useful in the description of human inter-racial and intra-racial similarities both within and across gender. This study involved 450 Bini children (235 males and 215 females) between ages 5-12 years. The length and width of the head and face of each subject was measured between the appropriate anatomical landmarks using spreading and sliding calipers. The measurements were used to calculate the cephalic and facial indices for each subject. The result showed sexual variation in both cephalic and facial indices among the Bini children with the males having higher values than the females. Also, the result of this study showed that prevalence of brachycephalic head type among both male (51.1%) and female (49.8%) Bini children. The mesoproscopic face type was the most prevalent face type among both male (62.6%) and female (47.4%) Bini children. The cephalo-facial indices are vital in demonstrating similarity and variation in physical morphologies of individuals or group of people of different ethnicity, races, gender and geographical locations. Keywords: Cephalometry, Cephalic index, facial index, Bini children, Nigeria
Anatomical variations of the superior cerebellar artery: A cadaveric study at the University Teaching Hospitals, Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Banda Mickey , Hachabizwa Caswell , Hainza Joseph , Mutemwa Sikhanyiso , Erzingastian Krikor 
Published: April 2021

The superior cerebellar artery usually arises from the terminal end of the basilar artery. It may also originate from the posterior cerebral artery and or from a common trunk with the posterior cerebral artery. The anatomical variations of superior cerebellar artery show ethnic differences, but there are few reports on African populations in particular none from Zambia. Variations of the superior cerebellar artery might cause compression symptoms of cranial nerves III, IV and V. Furthermore, the presence of such variations has been considered to be a factor in the aetiology of aneurysms and thrombus formation leading to cerebellar infarcts. The objectives of the study were to explore anatomical variations on the origin of the superior cerebellar artery; to measure the outer diameter at its origin and the length of superior cerebellar artery to its first bifurcation; to establish the presence of duplication , triplication , hypoplasia , agenesis , fenestration and any other anomalies that were detectable. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study in which 46 post-mortem human cadaveric brains were systematically sampled. A total of 113 superior cerebellar arteries were identified in 42 male and four female cadavers of age ranging between 18 and 65 years (mean 34.05±9.237mm). Superior cerebellar artery arose from the basilar artery as a single vessel in 49.5%, the common trunk arose in 6.2% and posterior cerebral artery origin was seen in 5.7%. Overall duplication of the superior cerebellar artery was seen in 35.5% and triplication in 5.3%. Nineteen (16.8%) of the superior cerebellar arteries were hypoplastic (less than 1mm) and ninety-four (83.2%) were normal. The diameter of the superior cerebellar artery at its origin ranged 0.25mm to 2.48mm (mean 1.42±0.54mm). The length of the superior cerebellar artery to its first bifurcation ranged from 3.77mm to 33.53mm (mean 21.92±7.40mm). Statistically, gender had no significant association of superior cerebellar artery variations (p>0.05). This knowledge will improvediagnosis and management of patients with vascular disorders of the posterior circulation. The newly identified patterns could be a contribution to the SCA classification system.
Key words: Superior cerebellar artery, duplication, triplication and hypoplasia
A rare saccular aneurysm in cadaveric aortic arch: A case report
Authors: Amalraj Julie Christy , Panwar Rajeev 
Published: April 2021

Aneurysm is the swelling like enlargement present in the walls of the blood vessels. Saccular aneurysm is a rare entity when compared to fusiform aneurysm. Saccular aneurysm in the aortic arch is another rare location. We present a cadaveric case of a 55-year-old male cadaver in which saccular aneurysm was observed during routine dissection teaching for undergraduate students. The lesion was resected and sent for microscopic analysis. The lesion involved the vessel wall only. There were blood clots evident. This report presents the cadaveric presentation and histolopathological findings of the lesion.
Key words: Aneurysm, saccular aneurysm, aortic arch