bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK) Organic Solvent Exposure on Incidence of Neurotoxicity in Shoe Manufacturing Workers
Authors: Episana Denta Aditya , Kekalih Aria , Fuk Liem Jen 
Published: July 2021

Background: Shoe manufacturing factory workers in developing countries are daily exposed to complex mixtures of organic solvents. Chemical exposure occurs through inhalation / respiration and skin which can affect many physiological systems. The main chemical exposure to organic solvents in shoe manufacturing comes from the process of gluing and cleaning process by using organic solvents on footwear in the assembling section. Methyl ethyl ketone is one type of organic solvent which, when entering into the body through inhalation routes can cause irritation of the nose, throat, lungs and chest becomes congested. Acute neurotoxicity is a collection of symptoms in the central nervous system (central nervous system depression, psychomotor disorders, narcosis, drowsiness, headache, dizziness, dyspepsia, and nausea).
Method: The research design was a prospective cohort research consisting of 45 people for each high MEK exposed group and low exposed to MEK. Data collection was done by interview, physical examination, MEK level measurement of pre-shift urine and end-shift work, and filling out questionnaires Form Acute symptoms rating questionnaire at the beginning of work shift (07.00), 2 hours after work (09.00), break (12.00), 2 hours after break (15.00), and end of work shift (16.00).
Result: The incidence of acute neurotoxicity symptoms in the MEK-high exposed group based on the Acute Symptoms questionnaire was 51.1%. Age factor with symptoms of acute neurotoxicity in workers at PT. X with p value = 0.432, gender factor with p value = 0.162, education factor with p value = 0.897, nutritional status factor with p value = 0.865, alcohol habit factor with p value = 0.181, coffee drinking habit factor with p value = 0.265, and smoking habit factor with p value = 0.968, work duration factor with symptoms of acute neurotoxicity at worker in PT. X with p value = 0.533, and the use factor of personal protective equipment (PPE) with p value = 0.470. In this research, symptoms of acute neurotoxicity were dominant are fatigue (80%), headache (77.8%), nausea (71.1%), dizziness (66.7%), and feeling of intoxication (53.3%).
Conclusion: There are no subject and occupational factors that have a significant effect to the symptoms of acute neurotoxicity. Conducting isolation of other work areas for workers exposed to chemicals that because of high potential to harm other workers in the vicinity. Reassessing the hazard risk of using MEK substitutes with other chemicals that are of lower risk or replace with water-based solvents. Provide PPE eligible to all workers exposed to chemicals and workers around them. A PPE fit test is used for workers to feel comfortable while wearing it, giving strict sanctions to workers who do not consistently use personal protective equipment.
La campagne électorale de 1875 au Mississippi : armes, citoyenneté et race
Authors: Péloquin Olivier 
Published: July 2021

Dans un contexte électoral chargé en animosité raciale, au cours de l’automne 1875, les conservateurs-démocrates s’assurent, par la violence et l’intimidation, la victoire lors de l’élection dans l’état du Mississippi. Leur « rédemption » peut-elle être interprétée comme une lutte entre deux visions distinctes de la citoyenneté et de la République américaine ? S’agit-il de la résurgence d’une interprétation Antebellum de la citoyenneté plutôt que la perpétuation d’un héritage raciste de la Confédération ? Plus précisément, cette réflexion a pour objectif de s’interroger sur la nature des redéfinitions identitaires des groupes afro-américains et blancs, ainsi que leurs liens avec la citoyenneté, le droit à l’autodéfense et la race.
Courrier « féminin » ? Les normes de genre selon Colette dans La Presse, 1922–19561
Authors: Savaria Maude 
Published: July 2021

Qu’est-ce qui rend un courrier « féminin » ? Pour Kimberly Voss, c’est la prédominance des thèmes reliés au « 4F » (food, fashion, family and furnishing)2. En histoire de la presse féminine, il s’agit de publications faites par, pour et sur les femmes3. Le « Courrier de Colette », page féminine de La Presse, de 1903 à 1956, entre dans ces définitions tout en les dépassant. Bien que construisant et renforçant des normes de genre, Colette, pseudonyme d’Édouardina Lesage, aborde une variété de sujets : la mode, les manières d’entretenir la maison, les conflits au sein de la famille, l’étiquette, le fonctionnement de la société, les emplois, la littérature, l’histoire, la géographie et une multitude d’autres questions anodines4. Recevant entre 100 et 400 lettres par jour à l’apogée de sa popularité, la journaliste gère des problèmes de coeur et répond aux interrogations de tous les lecteurs et toutes les lectrices de La Presse qui lui envoient une missive5.
Corps et virilité : Hermann-Paul et la représentation du pacifisme français
Authors: Sabate Laurent 
Published: July 2021

Cet article tente d’éclairer la vision d’un artiste, Hermann-Paul, afin de connaître les représentations d’un contemporain de l’entre-deux-guerres sur la France et les modèles de la civilisation occidentale. Le corpus se concentre sur son travail dans l’hebdomadaire Je suis partout qui offre le double avantage de pouvoir suivre l’artiste chaque semaine sur une décennie de décembre 1930 à février 1940. Les pacifistes sont des acteurs majeurs de la période qui défendent l’idée d’une paix durable. Le concept de la paix durable est défini par l’historien Carl Bouchard comme une expression représentant les désirs de cette population à la sortie du conflit : « (ils) n’ont pas la prétention de croire que les propositions de paix qu’ils exposent puissent rendre la paix permanente ou perpétuelle. Pour eux, la guerre est un problème sans solution tranchée, auquel il existe, au mieux, des palliatifs, la quête de la paix réactualisant à sa façon le mythe de Sisyphe ». Les défenseurs de la paix participent ainsi aux différents changements de la société de l’entre-deux-guerres, ce qui accentue l’angoisse civilisationnelle déjà débutée au XIXe siècle. Comment le caricaturiste intègre-t-il ces acteurs dans sa vision de la France en danger ?
El factor innovador en la agricultura de la Comunidad Valenciana (España). Factores que impulsan la innovación agraria / / / \ \ \ The innovative factor in agriculture in the Valencian Community (Spain). Factors driving agricultural innovation
Authors: Pérez-Ledo Pau , Segovia-Pérez Mónica 
Published: July 2021

Resumen: La presente investigación sociológica se centra en la figura del productor agrario valenciano y su comportamiento frente a la innovación. Adoptar una actitud que favorezca la innovación depende de múltiples factores que influyen en la gestión de la empresa agraria. Este estudio utiliza los datos procedentes de una encuesta a productores agrarios valencianos que profundiza en los factores socioeconómicos que pueden decantar al productor agrario hacia una postura favorable a la innovación. Posteriormente, el estudio se centra en obtener un perfil tipo que represente al productor según sus características y las de su explotación, según su actitud innovadora y la orientación hacia factores influyentes, como son la orientación al mercado y la orientación al aprendizaje. Se observa una asociación positiva entre la actitud innovadora y el nivel de formación del agricultor y su proximidad a zonas urbanas, donde existe más acceso a conocimiento y servicios. El artículo concluye con la descripción de unos tipos ideales weberianos sobre agricultores basándose en su orientación hacia la innovación.

Palabras clave: Innovación, Agricultura Valenciana, Gestión del Territorio, Políticas Públicas, Sociología Rural.

Abstract: This sociological study focuses on rural innovation. Farmers are the main actors of innovation in the agricultural sector. This study focuses on the socio-economic profile of the Valencian farmer and his/her attitude towards innovation. Adopting a position inclined to innovate depends on multiple factors that influence business management. This paper uses data from a farmers’ survey carried out in the Valencia region that considers the socioeconomic factors that make farmers take a position favourable to innovation. Later, the study focuses on a typical profile of innovative producers, according to their characteristics, taking into account market orientation, learning orientation and innovative attitude. The results show a positive contribution of level of education and location in urban areas (access to knowledge and services) to the innovative attitude.

Key words: Innovation, Valencian Agriculture, Territorial Management, Public Policies, Rural Sociology.
Shrinking Rural Areas: demographic and broader interconnections of population decline in Hungary
Authors: Kovács Katalin , Tagai Gergely 
Published: July 2021

Resumen: este artículo explora la dinámica de la población en Hungría durante las últimas tres décadas a nivel de distrito. La cartografía de los distritos en crecimiento, estancamiento y contracción desde diversas perspectivas indica patrones previstos, como los polos de crecimiento de la población en la zona suburbana alrededor de la capital, las ciudades más grandes y a lo largo de las fronteras con Austria y Eslovaquia en el sur. El hecho de que la contracción de grado significativo o dramático sea más frecuente en los distritos rurales que en sus homólogos urbanos y suburbanos, caracterizando a casi la mitad de las unidades rurales de nivel LAU-1, también se encuentra entre los resultados esperados de la investigación. El crecimiento o el estancamiento de las zonas rurales, especialmente en las regiones más atrasadas, representa un patrón imprevisto de dinámica demográfica para el que una interpretación secundaria de dos estudios de caso proporciona antecedentes socioeconómicos, espaciales e históricos.

Palabras clave: periferización, marginación, dinámica demográfica, regiones atrasadas.

Abstract: this article explores population dynamics in Hungary over the last three decades at the district level. Mapping of growing, stagnating and shrinking districts from a variety of perspectives indicates anticipated patterns such as population growth poles in the suburbanised area around the capital city, larger cities and along the Austrian and Southern Slovakian borderlines. The fact that shrinking of significant or dramatic degree is more prevalent across rural districts than in their urban and suburban counterparts characterising almost half of rural LAU-1 level units is also among the expected research results. Growing or stagnating rural areas especially in lagging regions represent an unforeseen pattern of population dynamics for which a secondary interpretation of two case studies provides socio-economic, spatial and historical background.

Key words: peripherization, marginalisation, population dynamics, lagging regions.
Reseña. Espacios y prácticas económicas alternativas en las ciudades españolas
Authors: Caraffa Marina 
Published: July 2021

Resumen: La obra reseñada presenta los resultados de una amplia, concisa, y relevante investigación sobre las prácticas económicas alternativas que se materializan en diversas ciudades españolas. Adoptando una perspectiva geográfica, además de económica y social, pone de manifiesto las condicionantes y determinantes de esos territorios, en los cuales se materializan. Las especificidades, las diferentes modalidades de las prácticas y sus espacios, cómo se relacionan y cómo se conectan, son revelados a partir de una metodología multitécnica, sin agotar el tema, aportando inestimable valor en tiempos de crisis sistémica.

Palabras clave: espacios urbanos, prácticas económicas, economía alternativa, innovación social.
Reseña. El momento de la ciudadanía. Innovación social y gobernanza urbana
Authors: Miguel Argudo Pablo 
Published: July 2021

Resumen: El momento de la ciudadanía es un interesante libro académico que analiza la emergencia de iniciativas de innovación social, surgidas en muchos municipios españoles, que buscan solucionar algunos problemas generados por las dinámicas de exclusión social, agravadas en el contexto de crisis económica de 2008, y a las que el Estado cada vez da respuesta con más dificultades. En esta reseña tratamos de hacer un breve repaso de las ideas que, en nuestra opinión, resultan más interesantes de la obra, respondiendo así a preguntas como: ¿cuáles son las dinámicas de exclusión social que fomentan la aparición de estas iniciativas de innovación social? ¿es el papel del Estado suficiente para hacerles frente? ¿las iniciativas trabajan al margen de las instituciones o con ayuda de estas? ¿qué influencia tiene ello en el éxito o fracaso de las iniciativas de innovación social?

Palabras clave: innovación social, exclusión social, municipalismo, gobernanza multinivel, ciudadanía.
Walk the Wall Athens: An Experiential Walk in the City
Authors: Karagiannopoulou Maria 
Published: July 2021

Athens is a historic capital widely known for its legacy left to Western civilization and its publicly recognized and well-studied monuments of world heritage. But what do we really know about the Athenian antiquities that have been integrated into the city’s modern canvas? In how many ways can the urban landscape of Athens be re-introduced to the modern traveler? Walk the Wall Athens is a bilingual mobile application that allows the user to wander, literally and metaphorically, through the streets of Athens in order to explore the traces of the Themistoclean city wall and to recover this important monument from oblivion. Just as the ancient city wall surrounds Athens as a historical chain that crosses all the neighbourhoods of the modern city’s historical centre, the route provided by the interactive map of the application introduces the visitor to the layout of the modern Athenian metropolis. Through a walk on the remains of the ancient fortification, the application Walk the Wall Athens attempts to spark the interest and excite the curiosity of the Athenian traveller of the 21st century, introducing him to a journey of 2,500 years of history.
Da Lagkadikia al Mediterraneo: gli spazi delle migrazioni in Grecia
Authors: Raffaele Valerio 
Published: July 2021

The geopolitical upheavals affecting the Middle East and North Africa at the beginning of the 21st century have created an arc of instability around the Balkan Peninsula, causing serious consequences for all the countries in the area as regards migration flows. Due to its peculiar geographical position, Greece has thus found itself at the forefront of the so-called migratory emergency, which has involved the European Union (UE) in the last few years. The Dublin Regulation first and then the closure of the borders, following the agreement on migrants between the UE and Turkey in March 2016, have made Greece a sort of first reception hotspot for the whole Eastern Mediterranean, giving rise at the same time to new Balkan migration routes managed by human traffickers. Historically a hinge between East and West, today’s Greece constitutes the ideal starting point to interpret in a multi-scalar perspective both the weaknesses of the paradigm on which the so-called ‘Fortress Europe’ is based, and the geographical variety of problematic ‘living spaces’ that recent migratory phenomena have contributed to build over time.
Usability, Security and Trust of E-commerce Websites: The effect on the Nigerian E-shopper
Authors: Abraham Goodhead T. , Osaisai Evans F. , Dienagha Nicholas, S. , Ineyekineye Abalaba 
Published: July 2021

With the internet fast-penetrating the Nigerian populace, e-commerce businesses have become commonplace, this has given rise to an increase in the number of Nigerians shopping online. However, there is a growing concern that most Nigerian e-shoppers prefer foreign to local online shops, resulting in an online fund-leak from the local economy. This work presents a comparative analysis of the usability of e-commerce websites in Nigeria, highlights the key findings viz: security and lack of trust. The findings were then related to why Nigerians prefer shopping from foreign rather than local e-commerce websites. We argued that for e-commerce to thrive; usability should be given prime consideration, security should be guaranteed and trust-building ethos is practiced. We conclude that despite the ‘pay on delivery’ mode applied by e-commerce websites to woo customers and gain trust, the insecurity posed by the prevalence of online fraud in Nigeria has created apprehension and distrust among Nigerians towards local e-commerce websites and is contributing to why Nigerians prefer to buy from foreign rather than local e-commerce websites.
Li–Fraumeni Syndrome
Authors: Rabinowicz Ron , Malkin David 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Li–Fraumeni syndrome is a rare inherited predisposition to the development of multiple cancer phenotypes at an early age which is attributed primarily to germline mutations of the
TP53
tumour suppressor gene. p53 plays a major role in the control of cellular growth, cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, apoptosis and senescence, particularly in response to DNA damage and other cellular stressors. The tumours most closely associated with LFS are called ‘core’ cancers and include soft tissue sarcomas, osteosarcoma, premenopausal breast cancer, brain tumours and adrenocortical carcinomas. Identification of these families is important in the study of cancer and the development of ethical and appropriate screening modalities, prevention, early cancer detection and treatment of individuals who harbour alterations of such cancer genes, in order that we may one day improve their prognosis.

Key Concepts

Li‐Fraumeni syndrome is caused by germline
TP53
mutations.

p53 is fundamental to DNA damage repair and genome stability.

Li‐Fraumeni syndrome is associated with a wide range of early‐onset cancers.

Comprehensive surveillance of
TP53
mutation carriers is associated with early tumor detection and improved clinical outcomes.

There are currently no effective pharmacologic measures to prevent cancer in
TP53
mutation carriers.
Drift: Theoretical Aspects
Authors: Ohta Tomoko 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDrift is the process by which gene frequency changes erratically in a population. Random sampling of gametes at reproduction is the main cause of drift, and therefore the population size of a species is most important, that is often measured by the effective size. Homozygosity and inbreeding may increase by drift. The significance of drift has become clear in studies of population genetics and evolution at the molecular level by the expansion of genome data. The effects of drift are estimated by statistical analyses of molecular data on polymorphisms and divergence among related species. Drift is the prerequisite for attaining new genes by duplication. For the evolution of complex systems at the molecular level, the interplay of drift and selection is most important. Also, epigenetic mechanisms have significant influences on the interplay. Drift, selection, environmental factors and epigenetics are thought to work together here.Key ConceptInteraction of drift and selection is important for evolution at the molecular level.Weak selection is abundant in molecular evolution where drift operates.The interplay of drift and selection is the basic principle of the Nearly Neutral theory.Degeneration of genes and genomes occurs by drift in small populations.Molecular interplay exists at various levels on genes and gene regulation to influence molecular evolution.
Online course design structure and interface
Authors: Ralston‐Berg Penny , Braatz Heather 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article examines the design structure and interface of online courses and explains how program‐wide design standards can benefit the learner, educator, and organization as a whole. Standards in program design can help support learner success, and these examples serve as a guide when designing, updating, or improving online adult and continuing education courses.
Pharmacokinetics‐On‐a‐Chip: In Vitro Microphysiological Models for Emulating of Drugs ADME
Authors: Ramadan Qasem , Fardous Roa Saleem , Hazaymeh Rana , Alshmmari Sultan , Zourob Mohammed 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDespite many ongoing efforts across the full spectrum of pharmaceutical and biotech industries, drug development is still a costly undertaking that involves a high risk of failure during clinical trials. Animal models played vital roles in understanding the mechanism of human diseases. However, the use of these models has been a subject of heated debate, particularly due to ethical matters and the inevitable pathophysiological differences between animals and humans. Current in vitro models lack the sufficient functionality and predictivity of human pharmacokinetics and toxicity, therefore, are not capable to fully replace animal models. The recent development of micro‐physiological systems has shown great potential as indispensable tools for recapitulating key physiological parameters of humans and providing in vitro methods for predicting the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in humans. Integration of Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) processes within one close in vitro system is a paramount development that would meet important unmet pharmaceutical industry needs. In this review paper, synthesis of the ADME‐centered organ‐on‐a‐chip technology is systemically presented from what is achieved to what needs to be done, emphasizing the requirements of in vitro models that meet industrial needs in terms of the structure and functions.
3D‐Printed Wearable Electrochemical Energy Devices
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Liu Yuqing , Hao Junnan , Wallace Gordon G. , Beirne Stephen , Chen Jun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEmerging markets for wearable electronics have stimulated a rapidly growing demand for the commercialization of flexible and reliable energy storage and conversion units (including batteries, supercapacitors, and thermoelectrochemical cells). 3D printing, a rapidly growing suite of fabrication technologies, is extensively used in the above‐mentioned energy‐related areas owing to its relatively low cost, freedom of design, and controllable, reproducible prototyping capability. However, there remain challenges in processable ink formulation and accurate material/device design. By summarizing the recent progress in 3D‐printed wearable electrochemical energy devices and discussing the current limitations and future perspectives, this article is expected to serve as a reference for the scalable fabrication of advanced energy systems via 3D printing.