bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Swellable catheters based on a dynamic expanding inner diameter
Authors: Tennankore Rishabh , Brunette Margaret , Cox Tyler , Vazquez Rigoberto , Shikanov Ariella , Burns Michael L. , Love Brian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntravenous (IV) fluid administration is critical for all patients undergoing care in a hospital setting. In-patient hospital practice, surgeries, and emergency care require functional IVs for fluid replacement and medication administration. Proper placement of IVs is vital to providing medical services. The ease of placement of an IV catheter, however, depends not only on the size of the catheter but also on provider experience and patient demographics such as age, body mass index, hydration status, and medical comorbidities present challenges to successful IV placement. Smaller diameter IV placement can improve success and there are instances where multiple small diameter catheters are placed for patient care when larger bore access is unattainable. Smaller inner-diameter catheters for anesthesia have functional constraints. Ideally, there would be a smaller catheter for placement that could function as a larger catheter for patient care. One solution is the idea of functionally responsive catheters. Here, we evaluated tubular-shaped hydrogels as potential functional catheters that can increase in inner diameter through fluid swelling using cross-linked homopolymers of polyacrylamide, PAM (10–40% w/w), and their copolymers with 0–8% w/w Poly-(Ethylene Glycol)-Diacrylate, PEGDA. For the PAM gels, the water transport mechanism was shown to be concentration-dependent Fickian diffusion, with the less concentrated gels exhibiting increasingly anomalous modes. Increasing the PEGDA content in the network yielded an initial high rate of water uptake, characterized by Case II transport. The swelling kinetics depended strongly on the sample geometry and boundary conditions. Initially, in a submerged swelling, the annulus expands symmetrically in both outward and inward directions (it thickens), reducing the internal diameter by up to 70%. After 1 h, however, the inner diameter increases steadily so that at equilibrium, there is a net (>100%) increase in all the dimensions of the tube. The amount of linear swelling at equilibrium depended only on the polymer volume fraction as made, while the rate of inner diameter expansion depended on the hydrophilicity of the matrix and the kinetics of sorption. This study serves as proof of concept to identify key parameters for the successful design of hydrogel-based catheter devices with expanding inner-diameters for applications in medical care.
A variational approach to the alternating projections method
Authors: De Bernardi Carlo Alberto , Miglierina Enrico 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe 2-sets convex feasibility problem aims at finding a point in the nonempty intersection of two closed convex setsAandBin a Hilbert spaceH. The method of alternating projections is the simplest iterative procedure for finding a solution and it goes back to von Neumann. In the present paper, we study some stability properties for this method in the following sense: we consider two sequences of closed convex sets$$\{A_n\}$${An}and$$\{B_n\}$${Bn}, each of them converging, with respect to the Attouch-Wets variational convergence, respectively, toAandB. Given a starting point$$a_0$$a0, we consider the sequences of points obtained by projecting on the “perturbed” sets, i.e., the sequences$$\{a_n\}$${an}and$$\{b_n\}$${bn}given by$$b_n=P_{B_n}(a_{n-1})$$bn=PBn(an-1)and$$a_n=P_{A_n}(b_n)$$an=PAn(bn). Under appropriate geometrical and topological assumptions on the intersection of the limit sets, we ensure that the sequences$$\{a_n\}$${an}and$$\{b_n\}$${bn}converge in norm to a point in the intersection ofAandB. In particular, we consider both when the intersection$$A\cap B$$A∩Breduces to a singleton and when the interior of$$A \cap B$$A∩Bis nonempty. Finally we consider the case in which the limit setsAandBare subspaces.
Basic reading and reading-related language skills in adults with deficient reading comprehension who read a transparent orthography
Authors: Bar-Kochva Irit , Vágvölgyi Réka , Dresler Thomas , Nagengast Benjamin , Schröter Hannes , Schrader Josef , Nuerk Hans-Christoph 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study set out to examine the basic reading skills (accuracy and fluency in decoding, word and text reading) and some of the reading-related language skills (phonological awareness and rapid-naming) of 54 adults with low reading comprehension, who read the transparent German orthography. Participants were born in Germany and showed a typical non-verbal processing speed. With the exception of reading accuracy, participants were expected to present deficits in all basic reading and reading-related skills. The average performance in measures of decoding and word reading fluency was extremely low. A notable proportion of the sample, however, did not present a deficit in these measures. As expected, the average rate of reading errors was generally low. Nevertheless, text reading accuracy was deficient for one quarter of the sample. Tests addressing the reading-related language skills also indicated an average low performance in phonological awareness, but not in rapid-naming. Here too, a notable variance was observed. These results suggest that deficits in the basic reading skills and in phonological awareness characterise, on average, adults with low reading comprehension. At the same time, significant deficits in reading comprehension in this population do not necessarily imply deficits in the more basic skills of reading as well. In addition, the results indicate that reading accuracy constitutes a source of difficulty for some of these adults, despite the reading of a transparent orthography. The sources for the variance in performance throughout the different reading and reading-related measures remain to be explored.
SMFC as a tool for the removal of hydrocarbons and metals in the marine environment: a concise research update
Authors: Gambino Edvige , Chandrasekhar Kuppam , Nastro Rosa Anna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMarine pollution is becoming more and more serious, especially in coastal areas. Because of the sequestration and consequent accumulation of pollutants in sediments (mainly organic compounds and heavy metals), marine environment restoration cannot exempt from effective remediation of sediments themselves. It has been well proven that, after entering into the seawater, these pollutants are biotransformed into their metabolites, which may be more toxic than their parent molecules. Based on their bioavailability and toxic nature, these compounds may accumulate into the living cells of marine organisms. Pollutants bioaccumulation and biomagnification along the marine food chain lead to seafood contamination and human health hazards. Nowadays, different technologies are available for sediment remediation, such as physicochemical, biological, and bioelectrochemical processes. This paper gives an overview of the most recent techniques for marine sediment remediation while presenting sediment-based microbial fuel cells (SMFCs). We discuss the issues, the progress, and future perspectives of SMFC application to the removal of hydrocarbons and metals in the marine environment with concurrent energy production. We give an insight into the possible mechanisms leading to sediment remediation, SMFC energy balance, and future exploitation.
Initial phantom studies for an office-based low-field MR system for prostate biopsy
Authors: Chiragzada Selin , Hellman Eva , Michael Duncan , Narayanan Ram , Nacev Aleksandar , Kumar Dinesh 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Prostate cancer is the second most prevalent cancer in US men, with about 192,000 new cases and 33,000 deaths predicted for 2020. With only a 31% 5-year survival rate for patients with an initial diagnosis of stage-four prostate cancer, the necessity for early screening and diagnosis is clear. In this paper, we present navigation accuracy results for Promaxo’s MR system intended to be used in a physician’s office for image-guided transperineal prostate biopsy.

Methods
The office-based low-field MR system was used to acquire images of prostate phantoms with needles inserted through a transperineal template. Coordinates of the estimated sample core locations in the office-based MR system were compared to ground truth needle coordinates identified in a 1.5T external reference scan. The error was measured as the distance between the planned target and the ground truth core center and as the shortest perpendicular distance between the planned target and the ground truth trajectory of the whole core.

Results
The average error between the planned target and the ground truth core center was 2.57 ± 1.02 mm, [1.93–3.21] 95% CI. The average error between the planned target to the actual core segment was 2.05 ± 1.24 mm, [1.53–2.56] 95% CI.

Conclusion
The average navigation errors were below the clinically significant threshold of 5 mm. The initial phantom results demonstrate the feasibility of the office-based system for prostate biopsy.
Correlation networks of air particulate matter ($$\hbox {PM}_{2.5}$$): a comparative study
Authors: Vlachogiannis Dimitrios M. , Xu Yanyan , Jin Ling , González Marta C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOver the last decades, severe haze pollution constitutes a major source of far-reaching environmental and human health problems. The formation, accumulation and diffusion of pollution particles occurs under complex temporal scales and expands throughout a wide spatial coverage. Seeking to understand the transport patterns of haze pollutants in China, we review a proposed framework of time-evolving directed and weighted air quality correlation networks. In this work, we evaluate monitoring stations’ time-series data from China and California, to test the sensitivity of the framework to region size, climate and pollution magnitude across multiple years (2014–2020). We learn that the use of hourly $$\hbox {PM}_{2.5}$$

PM

2.5

concentration data is needed to detect periodicities in the positive and negative correlations of the concentrations. In addition, we show that the standardization of the correlation function method is required to obtain networks with more meaningful links when evaluating the dispersion of a severe haze event at the North China Plain or a wildfire event in California during December 2017. Post COVID-19 outbreak in China, we observe a significant drop in the magnitude of the assigned weights, indicating the improved air quality and the slowed transport of $$\hbox {PM}_{2.5}$$

PM

2.5

due to the lockdown. To identify regions where pollution transport is persistent, we extend the framework, partitioning the dynamic networks and reducing the networks’ complexity through node subsampling. The end result separates the temporal series of $$\hbox {PM}_{2.5}$$

PM

2.5

in set of regions that are similarly affected through the year.
Unilateral Papilledema in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Case Series
Authors: Swinkin Emily , Jabehdar Maralani Pejman , Sundaram Arun NE 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT:Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) typically presents with bilateral papilledema; however, highly asymmetric and rare unilateral cases have been reported. We report three cases of IIH meeting modified Dandy criteria presenting with unilateral papilledema. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated bilateral distention of the optic nerve sheaths and computed tomography (CT) of the orbits demonstrated a smaller diameter of the optic canal in the unaffected eye in two cases. Papilledema fully resolved in all with acetazolamide. Of postulated mechanisms, we suspect that differences in bony optic canal diameter, compliance of the lamina cribrosa, and optic nerve sheath anatomy may contribute to asymmetry.
“If the glove fits”: Hospital-wide universal gloving is associated with improved hand hygiene and may reduce Clostridioides difficile infection
Authors: Prasad Paritosh , Brown Lynne , Ma Shiyang , McDavid Andrew , Rudmann Andrew , Lent David , Reagan-Webster Patricia , Valcin E. Kate , Graman Paul , Apostolakos Michael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjective:To determine whether a hospital-wide universal gloving program resulted in increased hand hygiene compliance and reduced inpatient Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) rates.Design:We carried out a multiple-year before-and-after quasi-experimental quality improvement study. Gloving and hand hygiene compliance data as well as hospital-acquired infection rates were prospectively collected from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2017, by secret monitors.Settings:The University of Rochester Strong Memorial Hospital, an 849-bed quaternary-care teaching hospital.Patients:All adult inpatients with the exception of patients in the obstetrics unit.Interventions:A hospital-wide universal gloving protocol was initiated on January 1, 2016.Results:Hand hygiene compliance increased from 68% in 2015 reaching an average of 88% by 2017 (P < .0002). A 10% increase in gloving per unit was associated with a 1.13-fold increase in the odds of hand hygiene (95% credible interval, 1.12–1.14). The rates of CDI decreased from 1.05 infections per 1,000 patient days in 2015 to 0.74 in 2017 (P < .04).Conclusion:A universal gloving initiative was associated with a statistically significant increase in both gloving and hand hygiene compliance. CDI rates decreased during this intervention.
Law, Status, and the Lash: Judicial Whipping in Early Modern England
Authors: Kesselring K. J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article focuses on the contested development of judicial whipping as a marker and maker of status in the particular social, cultural, and political context of England in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. In these years people disputed with special vigor who could be whipped and why, often in battles fought in and around parliaments and the Court of Star Chamber, and often invoking fears of “servility.” Tracing the rise and spread of judicial whipping, its linking with the poor, and disputes over its use, this article demonstrates how whipping served as a distinctively and explicitly status-based disciplinary tool, embedding hierarchical values in the law not just in practice but also in prescript. Some authorities thought the whip appropriate only for the “servile” and, indeed, both valuable and dangerous for its ability to inculcate a “slavish disposition.” After men of the gentry successfully asserted their freedom from the lash, so too did a somewhat expanded group of “free” and “sufficient” men. By the later seventeenth century, challenges over the uses of judicial whipping left it limited ever more firmly to people of low status, affixed by law to offenses typically associated with the insubordinate poor.
A Text-As-Data Approach for Using Open-Ended Responses as Manipulation Checks
Authors: Ziegler Jeffrey 
Published: April 2021

AbstractParticipants that complete online surveys and experiments may be inattentive, which can hinder researchers’ abilityto draw substantive or causal inferences. As such, many practitioners include multiple factualor instructional closed-ended manipulation checks to identify low-attention respondents. However, closed-ended manipulation checks are either correct or incorrect, which allows participants to more easily guess and it reduces the potential variation in attention between respondents. In response to these shortcomings, I develop an automatic and standardized methodology to measure attention that relies on the text that respondents provide in an open-ended manipulation check. There are multiple benefits to this approach. First, it provides a continuous measure of attention, which allows for greater variation between respondents. Second, it reduces the reliance on subjective, paid humans to analyze open-ended responses. Last, I outline how to diagnose the impact of inattentive workers on the overall results, including how to assess the average treatment effect of those respondents that likely received the treatment. I provide easy-to-use software in R to implement these suggestions for open-ended manipulation checks.
Can't save or won't save: financial resilience and discretionary retirement saving among British adults in their thirties and forties
Authors: Suh Ellie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study examines retirement saving activity outside the state and workplace pension saving schemes among British adults aged between 30 and 49 on the premise that individuals are increasingly encouraged to save for their retirement in the new pension policy structure in Britain. The issue of under-saving among the younger adults has been studied with the focus on internal characteristics, such as undesirable attitudinal or behavioural tendencies (‘won't save’), or on external factors, such as income (‘can't save’). Building on these discussions, this study tests the role of internal characteristics and further examines the interplay between internal and external factors. The decision-making process for retirement saving is mapped based on the Model of Financial Planning with minor modifications. The analysis utilises the fourth wave of the Wealth and Assets Survey (2012/2014), and is conducted in the structural equation modelling framework. Results show that younger adults’ discretionary retirement saving is an outcome of a complex interplay between internal and external factors.Financial resilience, which indicates current financial behaviours and wellbeing, is found to be the strongest predictor for identifying a discretionary retirement saver, but it is closely connected to individuals’ income and home-ownership. The findings also suggest that social and economic arrangements are important to consider associal ageing, individuals’ projection on their lifestages, may be more informative than ageper sefor understanding younger adults’ retirement saving behaviour. These findings have important implications for the policies that aim to increase retirement saving participation.
Dynamic reprogramming and function of RNA N6-methyladenosine modification during porcine early embryonic development
Authors: Yu Tong , Qi Xin , Zhang Ling , Ning Wei , Gao Di , Xu Tengteng , Ma Yangyang , Knott Jason G , Sathanawongs Anucha , Cao Zubing , Zhang Yunhai 
Published: April 2021

SummaryN6-Methyladenosine (m6A) regulates oocyte-to-embryo transition and the reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells. However, the role of m6A methylation in porcine early embryonic development and its reprogramming characteristics in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos are yet to be known. Here, we showed that m6A methylation was essential for normal early embryonic development and its aberrant reprogramming in SCNT embryos. We identified a persistent occurrence of m6A methylation in embryos between 1-cell to blastocyst stages and m6A levels abruptly increased during the morula-to-blastocyst transition. Cycloleucine (methylation inhibitor, 20 mM) treatment efficiently reduced m6A levels, significantly decreased the rates of 4-cell embryos and blastocysts, and disrupted normal lineage allocation. Moreover, cycloleucine treatment also led to higher levels in both apoptosis and autophagy in blastocysts. Furthermore, m6A levels in SCNT embryos at the 4-cell and 8-cell stages were significantly lower than that in parthenogenetic activation (PA) embryos, suggesting an abnormal reprogramming of m6A methylation in SCNT embryos. Correspondingly, expression levels of m6A writers (METTL3 and METTL14) and eraser (FTO) were apparently higher in SCNT 8-cell embryos compared with their PA counterparts. Taken together, these results indicated that aberrant nuclear transfer-mediated reprogramming of m6A methylation was involved in regulating porcine early embryonic development.
Temporary pacemaker implantation through umbilical vein in a low birth weight neonate with congenital complete heart block
Authors: Chimoriya Romila , Awasthy Neeraj , Kumar Gaurav 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCongenital heart block is a rare and lethal condition in paediatric population associated with maternal connective tissue disorders and rarely with structural cardiac disease like atrioventricular canal defects with or without left isomerism and congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries. Pacing in neonate if indicated is generally accomplished by epicardial pacing systems. However, in cases of significant bradycardia and haemodynamic instability, temporary pacemaker implantation via transvenous approach remains as a suitable option. Despite the advances in percutaneous catheter interventions, use of transvenous pacing in newborn is extremely challenging due to inadvertent risk of vessel injury, thrombus formation and mortality, and most of the time technical inability to place the lead within the right ventricular cavity. We report a case of congenital complete atrioventricular block in a premature male with birth weight of 1.51 kg who was managed with temporary pacemaker implantation through umbilical vein.
The Nanostructure of the Oxide Formed on Fe–10Cr–4Al Exposed in Liquid Pb
Authors: Lindgren Kristina , Dömstedt Peter , Szakalos Peter , Thuvander Mattias 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
An Fe–10Cr–4Al alloy containing reactive elements developed for application in high-temperature liquid lead environments was analyzed after exposure in 600 and 750°C lead with dissolved oxygen for 1,000–2,000 h. Atom probe tomography, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray scattering were all used to study the protective oxide formed on the surface. Exposure at 750°C resulted in a 2-μm thick oxide, whereas the 600°C exposure resulted in a 100-nm thick oxide. Both oxides were layered, with an Fe–Al spinel on top, and an alumina layer toward the metal. In the 600°C exposed material, there was a Cr-rich oxide layer between the spinel and the alumina. Metallic lead particles were found in the inner and middle parts of the oxide, related to pores. The combination of the experimental techniques, focusing on atom probe tomography, and the interpretations that can be done, are discussed in detail.
Structural and Ultrastructural Characteristics of the Red-Rumped Agouti (Dasyprocta leporina—Linnaeus, 1758) Palatine Epithelium
Authors: Tomiate André Neri , Barbosa Gabriela Klein , Rocha Lara Caetano , de Almeida Sonia Regina Yokomizo , de Oliveira Moacir Franco , Watanabe Ii-sei , Ciena Adriano Polican 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Elemental Sub-Lattice Occupation and Microstructural Evolution in γ/γ′ Co–12Ti–4Mo–Cr Alloys
Authors: Im Hye Ji , Makineni Surendra K , Oh Chang-Seok , Gault Baptiste , Choi Pyuck-Pa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We report on comparative atom probe tomography investigations of γ/γ′-forming Co–12Ti–4Mo–Cr alloys. Moderate additions of Cr (2 and 4 at%) reduced the γ/γ′ lattice misfit and increased the γ′ volume fraction of a Co–12Ti–4Mo alloy significantly. These microstructural changes were accompanied by changes in the elemental partitioning between γ and γ′ and site-occupancy in γ′. Spatial distribution maps revealed that Mo occupied both Co and Ti sub-lattice sites in γ′. In agreement with the experimental data, thermodynamic calculations predicted a stronger tendency for Mo to occupy the Co-sites than for Cr and an increase in Cr fraction on the Ti-sites with increasing Cr content.