bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Separation of geophysical signals in the LAGEOS geocentre motion based on singular spectrum analysis
Authors: Yu Hongjuan , Sośnica Krzysztof , Shen Yunzhong 
Published: February 2021

SUMMARYWe recompute the 26-yr weekly Geocentre Motion (GCM) time-series from 1994 to 2020 through the network shift approach using Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) observations to LAGEOS1/2. Then the Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) is applied for the first time to separate and investigate the geophysical signals from the GCM time-series. The Principal Components (PCs) of the embedded covariance matrix of SSA from the GCM time-series are determined based on the w-correlation criterion and two PCs with large w-correlation are regarded as one periodic signal pair. The results indicate that the annual signal in all three coordinate components and semi-annual signal in both X and Z components are detected. The annual signal from this study agrees well in both amplitude and phase with those derived by the Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern and the Center for Space Research, especially for the Y and Z components. Besides, the other periodic signals with the periods of (1043.6, 85, 28), (570, 280, 222.7) and (14.1, 15.3) days are also quantitatively explored for the first time from the GCM time-series by using SSA, interpreting the corresponding geophysical and astrodynamic sources of aliasing effects of K1/O1, T2 and Mm tides, draconitic effects, and overlapping effects of the ground-track repeatability of LAGEOS1/2.
Bending curvatures of subducting plates: old versus young slabs
Authors: Dasgupta Ritabrata , Sen Joyjeet , Mandal Nibir 
Published: February 2021

SUMMARY
By combining scaled laboratory experiments and numerical simulations, this study presents a quantitative analysis of the bending radius (RB) of subducting slabs within the upper mantle, taking into account the effects of age (A). Based on a half-space cooling model, we constrain the density (ρ), viscosity (η) and thickness (h) of slabs as a function of A, and develop representative models to estimate RB for different A. Laboratory subduction models produce visually contrasting bending curvatures for young (A = 10 Ma), intermediate (A = 70 Ma) and old (A = 120 Ma) slabs. Young slabs undergo rollback, resulting in a small bending radius (scaled up RB ∼ 150 km), whereas old slabs subduct along a uniformly dipping trajectory with large bending radius (RB ∼ 500 km). Equivalent real scale computational fluid dynamic simulations reproduce similar bending patterns of the subducting slabs, and yield RB versus A relations fairly in agreement with the laboratory results. We balance the buoyancy driven bending, flexural-resistive moments and viscous flow induced suction moment to theoretically evaluate the rate of slab bending. The analytical solution suggests an inverse relation of the bending rate with A, which supports our experimental findings. Finally, slab geometries of selected natural subduction zones, derived from high-resolution seismic tomographic images have been compiled to validate the experimental RB versus A regression. We also discuss the subduction settings in which this regression no longer remains valid.
Changing trends of mental and behavioral responses and associations during the COVID-19 epidemic in China: a panel study
Authors: Yang Xiaozhao Yousef , Peng Sihui , Yang Tingzhong , Cottrell Randall R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This prospective observational study examined changing trends in mental and behavioral responses, and their association with perceived risk, severity, self-efficacy and isolation status during the Chinese COVID-19 epidemic. There were five waves of interviews. Descriptive statistics and non-parametric test methods were used for data analysis. Participants numbered 150 for the linkable baseline survey and 102 completed all 5 survey waves and were included in the analysis. Mental stress, emotional status and lifestyle manifested a statistically significant downwards trend across the total period of this panel study. The number of reported new confirmed patients perceived high risk and perceived severity were positively associated with mental stress, emotional status and lifestyle. Self-efficacy was negatively associated with each type of mental and behavioral response. The more time people were confined to their home, the more serious the emotional and lifestyle problems. Dose-response relationships were noted between the number of reported new confirmed patients and mental stress, emotional status and lifestyle during the five observation points. This study yielded new information about mental and behavioral responses among Chinese people during the COVID-19 epidemic. Policy changes and health education are essential for minimizing the adverse health effects of these responses.
Pneumonia hospitalizations and the subsequent risk of incident ischaemic cardiovascular disease in Chinese adults
Authors: Hu Yizhen , Yu Canqing , Guo Yu , Bian Zheng , Han Yuting , Yang Ling , Chen Yiping , Du Huaidong , Pang Yuanjie , Sun Dianjianyi , Jin Jianrong , Zhang Jun , Wang Jingjia , Shao Chunli , Tang Yi-Da , Chen Junshi , Chen Zhengming , Lv Jun , Li Liming ,   the China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Acute respiratory infections have been associated with a transient increase in cardiovascular risk. However, whether such an association persists beyond 1 month and the potential modifying effect of cardiovascular risk factors on such an association are less well established.

Methods
The China Kadoorie Biobank enrolled 512 726 participants aged 30–79 years from 10 areas across China during 2004–2008. By the end of 2017, a total of 5444 participants with new-onset ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and 4846 with ischaemic stroke (IS) who also had at least a record of hospitalization for pneumonia during follow-up were included. We used a self-controlled case-series method and calculated the age- and season-adjusted relative incidences (RIs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for ischaemic cardiovascular disease (CVD) after pneumonia.

Results
The risk of ischaemic CVD increased during days 1–3 after pneumonia hospitalization, with an RI (95% CI) of 4.24 (2.92–6.15) for IHD and 1.85 (1.02–3.35) for IS. The risk gradually reduced with longer duration since pneumonia hospitalization but remained elevated until days 92–365 for IHD (1.23, 1.12–1.35) and days 29–91 for IS (1.25, 1.05–1.48). Pre-existing cardiovascular risk factors amplified the associations between pneumonia and ischaemic CVD risks, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for both IHD and IS, and diabetes and smoking for IHD (all Pinteraction &lt; 0.05). Besides, the risk of ischaemic CVD was also higher among the participants aged ≥70 years (Pinteraction &lt; 0.001 for IHD and 0.033 for IS).

Conclusion
Among middle-aged and older Chinese adults, pneumonia hospitalization was associated with both short- and long-term increases in ischaemic CVD risk for ≤1 year.
Redefining The Notion Of weakness In GR(1) Formulae
Authors: Cavezza Davide G , Alrajeh Dalal , András György 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper ‘A Weakness Measure for GR(1) Formulae’, by Davide G. Cavezza, Dalal Alrajeh and András György, published in Formal Aspects of Computing, in November 2020, explores a new measure for assessing the weakness of GR(1) conjunctions quantitatively.
Optimizing Measurement and Interpretation of the G6PD/Hb Ratio
Authors: Higgins Victoria , Cheng Pow Lee , Selvaratnam Rajeevan , Brinc Davor 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)/hemoglobin (Hb) ratio helps detect G6PD deficiency, an X-linked disorder that can be asymptomatic or cause acute hemolytic anemia and chronic hemolysis. We investigated preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical aspects to optimize G6PD/Hb measurement and interpretation.

Methods
G6PD was measured with the Pointe Scientific assay and Hb with Drabkin’s reagent on Alinity c® (Abbott Diagnostics). Stability of G6PD/Hb was assessed after 7 and 14 days while stored at 2–8 °C. Stability of hemolysate prepared for G6PD analysis was assessed using QC and patient samples up to 4 h at room temperature or 2–8 °C. Analytical performance specifications including precision, method comparison, linearity, LOQ, and carry-over were established for the enzymatic reaction of G6PD and spectrophotometric reading of Hb. G6PD/Hb reference interval and cut-offs were established indirectly using truncated maximum likelihood method (TML) using retrospective data (n = 4715 patient data points).

Results
Samples were stable after 7 days at 2–8°C, unless grossly hemolyzed. Hemolysate prepared for G6PD measurement remained stable for up to 4 h for QC at room temperature and 2–8°C, but up to 30 min–1 h at room temperature and 1–2 h at 2–8 °C for patient samples. Precision, linearity, LOQ, and carryover were acceptable. G6PD/Hb cut-offs were &lt;3.3, ≥3.3, 3.3–8.9, and ≥8.9 U/g Hb for deficient males/females, normal males, intermediate females, and normal females, respectively.

Conclusions
In vitro hemolysis and delayed hemolysate analysis significantly reduce G6PD/Hb stability. QC material cannot detect the impact of delayed hemolysate analysis. These findings were foundational for optimizing G6PD/Hb protocols for a new platform and establishing laboratory-specific G6PD/Hb cut-offs.
Scholarship, skill and community: collections and the creation of ‘provincial’ medical education in Manchester, 1750–1850
Authors: Marples Alice 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article explores how medical collections, representing repositories of knowledge and prestige, were used in the communication and representation of medical education and provincial identity in Manchester in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. It charts the changing ways in which medical collections and knowledge were represented as both pedagogical and promotional devices, demonstrating the importance of a localized approach to medical culture and, particularly, collecting in the long eighteenth century, and a sensitivity to how different generations inherited their recent past. It argues against any assumption of the easy transmission of scholarly cultural codes from metropolitan ‘centres’ to provincial ‘peripheries’.
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks on Automatic Classification for Skin Tumour Images
Authors: Simić Svetlana , Simić Svetislav D , Banković Zorana , Ivkov-Simić Milana , Villar José R , Simić Dragan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The skin, uniquely positioned at the interface between the human body and the external world, plays a multifaceted immunologic role in human life. In medical practice, early accurate detection of all types of skin tumours is essential to guide appropriate management and improve patients’ survival. The most important issue is to differentiate between malignant skin tumours and benign lesions. The aim of this research is the classification of skin tumours by analysing medical skin tumour dermoscopy images. This paper is focused on a new strategy based on deep convolutional neural networks which have recently shown a state-of-the-art performance to define strategy to automatic classification for skin tumour images. The proposed system is tested on well-known HAM10000 data set. For experimental results, verification is performed and the results are compared with similar researches.
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) fusions in Japanese patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Tsujie Masanori , Iwai Tomohisa , Kubo Shoji , Ura Takashi , Hatano Etsuro , Sakai Daisuke , Takeda Yutaka , Kaibori Masaki , Kobayashi Tomoe , Katanuma Akio , Katayose Yu , Fukase Koji , Sakurai Naoki , Ito Yukiko , Sato Fumiya , Maeda Atsuyuki , Asada Masanori , Morizane Chigusa 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objective
Fibroblast growth factor receptor gene alterations have emerged as promising drug targets for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, a rare cancer that has a poor prognosis. This study evaluated the frequency of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 fusions in clinical specimens from Japanese patients with iCCA.

Methods
This study enrolled 116 patients who had histologically or cytologically confirmed adenocarcinoma and been diagnosed as relapsing after resection or with unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. We evaluated the frequency of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 fusions-positive cells in their specimens using break-apart fluorescent in situ hybridization ‘for 114 patients who met the study protocol’.

Results
Of a total of 114 cases, six (5.3%) were identified as fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 fusions-positive with a high frequency (87% or more) of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 fusions-positive tumour cells whereas the remainder, with the exception of three cases with indeterminate results, were identified as fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 fusions-negative. The patients’ baseline characteristics as well as their objective response rates, disease control rates, times to progression, and times to treatment failure with previous or ongoing first-line chemotherapy did not have any obvious relationship to the proportion of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 fusions-positive case.

Conclusions
Further detailed elucidation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 fusion status is expected to contribute to the development of promising therapeutic options for patients suffering from recurrent or unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
Evaluation of Polarized Light and Fluorescence Microscopy of Congo Red Stain in the Diagnosis of Renal Amyloidosis
Authors: Lee Adrian Y S , Bayly Angela , Lin Ming-Wei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Amyloidosis is a devastating multisystemic disease resulting from organ deposition of misfolded proteins and subsequent organ dysfunction. An accurate diagnosis relies frequently on biopsies and microscopy techniques to detect amyloid deposition. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of Congo red staining using polarized light (PM) and fluorescence microscopy (FM) techniques in renal amyloidosis.

Methods
We performed a retrospective and prospective analysis of all renal biopsies submitted at a large quarternary hospital in Sydney, Australia, that had undergone PM and FM evaluation using Congo red staining. Identification of amyloid fibrils on electron microscopy was considered the reference method.

Results
PM and FM displayed very high sensitivity and specificity in correctly identifying amyloid deposits in renal biopsies that tested positive via Congo red staining. Comparison of the diagnostic statistics revealed that they are diagnostically equivalent.

Conclusion
In the diagnosis of renal amyloidosis on biopsy, evaluation of Congo red staining may be reliably performed via PM or FM.
Magnetic fields in late-stage proto-neutron stars
Authors: Lander S K , Haensel P , Haskell B , Zdunik J L , Fortin M 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
We explore the thermal and magnetic field structure of a late-stage proto-neutron star (proto-NS). We find the dominant contribution to the entropy in different regions of the star, from which we build a simplified equation of state (EOS) for the hot neutron star (NS). With this, we numerically solve the stellar equilibrium equations to find a range of models, including magnetic fields and rotation up to Keplerian velocity. We approximate the EOS as a barotrope, and discuss the validity of this assumption. For fixed magnetic field strength, the induced ellipticity increases with temperature; we give quantitative formulae for this. The Keplerian velocity is considerably lower for hotter stars, which may set a de facto maximum rotation rate for non-recycled NSs well below 1 kHz. Magnetic fields stronger than around 1014 G have qualitatively similar equilibrium states in both hot and cold NSs, with large-scale simple structure and the poloidal field component dominating over the toroidal one; we argue this result may be universal. We show that truncating magnetic field solutions at low multipoles leads to serious inaccuracies, especially for models with rapid rotation or a strong toroidal-field component.
SDC mediates DNA methylation-controlled clock pace by interacting with ZTL in Arabidopsis
Authors: Tian Wenwen , Wang Ruyi , Bo Cunpei , Yu Yingjun , Zhang Yuanyuan , Shin Gyeong-Im , Kim Woe-Yeon , Wang Lei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Molecular bases of eukaryotic circadian clocks mainly rely on transcriptional-translational feedback loops (TTFLs), while epigenetic codes also play critical roles in fine-tuning circadian rhythms. However, unlike histone modification codes that play extensive and well-known roles in the regulation of circadian clocks, whether DNA methylation (5mC) can affect the circadian clock, and the associated underlying molecular mechanisms, remains largely unexplored in many organisms. Here we demonstrate that global genome DNA hypomethylation can significantly lengthen the circadian period of Arabidopsis. Transcriptomic and genetic evidence demonstrate that SUPPRESSOR OF drm1 drm2 cmt3 (SDC), encoding an F-box containing protein, is required for the DNA hypomethylation-tuned circadian clock. Moreover, SDC can physically interact with another F-box containing protein ZEITLUPE (ZTL) to diminish its accumulation. Genetic analysis further revealed that ZTL and its substrate TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1 (TOC1) likely act downstream of DNA methyltransferases to control circadian rhythm. Together, our findings support the notion that DNA methylation is important to maintain proper circadian pace in Arabidopsis, and further established that SDC links DNA hypomethylation with a proteolytic cascade to assist in tuning the circadian clock.
Efficacy and safety of combination therapy with sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and renin–angiotensin system blockers in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tian Beichen , Deng Yuanjun , Cai Yang , Han Min , Xu Gang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
This study was designed to evaluate the efficiency and safety of combination therapy with sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and renin–angiotensin system blockers such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods
We searched the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases from their inception to May 2020. Two authors independently performed study selection, risk-of-bias assessment and data extraction. The quality and risk of bias were assessed by the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Statistical heterogeneity was determined by the I2 statistics.

Results
Seven studies including 1757 patients were analysed. Compared with ACEI/ARB alone, combination therapy with SGLT2 inhibitors and ACEIs/ARBs produced a reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP) [weighted mean difference (WMD) −3.84 mmHg], diastolic blood pressure (DBP; WMD −1.06 mmHg), 24 h ambulatory SBP (WMD −4.59 mmHg), 24-h ambulatory DBP (WMD −2.08 mmHg), urine albumin:creatinine ratio (WMD −29.70%), evaluated glomerular filtration rate (WMD −3.46 mL/min/1.73 m2), haemoglobin A1c [standardized mean difference (SMD) −0.48], fasting plasma glucose (SMD −0.28), uric acid (SMD −0.35) and body weight (SMD −0.29). The risk of hypoglycaemia with combination therapy was higher than in the control group (risk ratio 1.37). As for the risks of total adverse events, genital infection and urinary tract infection, no significant difference was revealed.

Conclusion
Compared with ACEI/ARB alone, the combination therapy with SGLT2 inhibitors and ACEIs/ARBs in T2DM was effective and well-tolerated and could achieve additional effects including better control of blood pressure, improvement of renal outcomes, alleviation of long-term renal function and a decrease in blood glucose and body weight. The combination therapy showed an increased risk of hypoglycaemia.
Organophosphate poisoning in a young child: a case report
Authors: Sharma Namita , Nin-Gonzalez Rosa 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Unintentional ingestions are a common form of poisoning in children worldwide. Organophosphates are commonly used in households worldwide and are a common cause of childhood poisonings. This case report describes an unintentional ingestion of a child in East Africa. A thorough patient history and a high index of suspicion are needed in recognizing an organophosphate poisoning. Prompt patient stabilization and treatment improve outcomes. Neurologic sequela may occur and thus patient follow-up is recommended.
Unexpected diversity of ferredoxin-dependent thioredoxin reductases in cyanobacteria
Authors: Buey Rubén M , Fernández-Justel David , González-Holgado Gloria , Martínez-Júlvez Marta , González-López Adrián , Velázquez-Campoy Adrián , Medina Milagros , Buchanan Bob B , Balsera Monica 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Thioredoxin reductases control the redox state of thioredoxins (Trxs)—ubiquitous proteins that regulate a spectrum of enzymes by dithiol–disulfide exchange reactions. In most organisms, Trx is reduced by NADPH via a thioredoxin reductase flavoenzyme (NTR), but in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms, this function can also be performed by an iron-sulfur ferredoxin (Fdx)-dependent thioredoxin reductase (FTR) that links light to metabolic regulation. We have recently found that some cyanobacteria, such as the thylakoid-less Gloeobacter and the ocean-dwelling green oxyphotobacterium Prochlorococcus, lack NTR and FTR but contain a thioredoxin reductase flavoenzyme (formerly tentatively called deeply-rooted thioredoxin reductase or DTR), whose electron donor remained undefined. Here, we demonstrate that Fdx functions in this capacity and report the crystallographic structure of the transient complex between the plant-type Fdx1 and the thioredoxin reductase flavoenzyme from Gloeobacter violaceus. Thereby, our data demonstrate that this cyanobacterial enzyme belongs to the Fdx flavin-thioredoxin reductase (FFTR) family, originally described in the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium pasteurianum. Accordingly, the enzyme hitherto termed DTR is renamed FFTR. Our experiments further show that the redox-sensitive peptide CP12 is modulated in vitro by the FFTR/Trx system, demonstrating that FFTR functionally substitutes for FTR in light-linked enzyme regulation in Gloeobacter. Altogether, we demonstrate the FFTR is spread within the cyanobacteria phylum and propose that, by substituting for FTR, it connects the reduction of target proteins to photosynthesis. Besides, the results indicate that FFTR acquisition constitutes a mechanism of evolutionary adaptation in marine phytoplankton such as Prochlorococcus that live in low-iron environments.