bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
InspirerMundi—Remote Monitoring of Inhaled Medication Adherence through Objective Verification Based on Combined Image Processing Techniques
Authors: Vieira-Marques Pedro , Almeida Rute , Teixeira João F. , Valente José , Jácome Cristina , Cachim Afonso , Guedes Rui , Pereira Ana , Jacinto Tiago , Fonseca João A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background The adherence to inhaled controller medications is of critical importance for achieving good clinical results in patients with chronic respiratory diseases. Self-management strategies can result in improved health outcomes and reduce unscheduled care and improve disease control. However, adherence assessment suffers from difficulties on attaining a high grade of trustworthiness given that patient self-reports of high-adherence rates are known to be unreliable.
Objective Aiming to increase patient adherence to medication and allow for remote monitoring by health professionals, a mobile gamified application was developed where a therapeutic plan provides insight for creating a patient-oriented self-management system. To allow a reliable adherence measurement, the application includes a novel approach for objective verification of inhaler usage based on real-time video capture of the inhaler's dosage counters.
Methods This approach uses template matching image processing techniques, an off-the-shelf machine learning framework, and was developed to be reusable within other applications. The proposed approach was validated by 24 participants with a set of 12 inhalers models.
Results Performed tests resulted in the correct value identification for the dosage counter in 79% of the registration events with all inhalers and over 90% for the three most widely used inhalers in Portugal. These results show the potential of exploring mobile-embedded capabilities for acquiring additional evidence regarding inhaler adherence.
Conclusion This system helps to bridge the gap between the patient and the health professional. By empowering the first with a tool for disease self-management and medication adherence and providing the later with additional relevant data, it paves the way to a better-informed disease management decision.
Line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight links for dispersive terahertz wireless networks
Authors: Ghasempour Yasaman , Amarasinghe Yasith , Yeh Chia-Yi , Knightly Edward , Mittleman Daniel M. 
Published: April 2021

Despite the rapidly growing interest in exploiting millimeter and terahertz waves for wireless data transfer, the role of reflected non-line-of-sight (NLOS) paths in wireless networking is one of the least explored questions. In this paper, we investigate the idea of harnessing these specular NLOS paths for communication in directional networks at frequencies above 100 GHz. We explore several illustrative transmitter architectures, namely, a conventional substrate-lens dipole antenna and a leaky-wave antenna. We investigate how these high-gain directional antennas offer both new challenges and new opportunities for exploiting NLOS paths. Our results demonstrate the sensitivity to antenna alignment, power spectrum variations, and the disparity in supported bandwidth of various line-of-sight (LOS) and reflected path configurations. We show that NLOS paths can, under certain circumstances, offer even higher data rates than the conventional LOS path. This result illustrates the unique opportunities that distinguish THz wireless systems from those that operate at lower frequencies.
Generation of superstrong quasi-stationary magnetic fields in laser cluster plasma
Authors: Andreev A.A. , Platonov K.Yu. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
An analytical model has been developed for the generation of a superstrong quasi-stationary magnetic field (up to several GG) in the focal waist of an ultra-intense short circularly polarised laser pulse interacting with a gas-cluster target. The rotation of relativistic electrons around the ionised core of the cluster has been shown to produce a magnetic moment and a quasi-stationary magnetic field. With a large number of nanoclusters, the magnetic field occupies the entire focal volume with a characteristic spatial scale of tens of micrometers and exists during the cluster expansion time (i.e., several picoseconds).
Broadband (100 kHz – 100 MHz) ultrasound PVDF detectors for raster-scan optoacoustic angiography with acoustic resolution
Authors: Kurnikov A.A. , Pavlova K.G. , Orlova A.G. , Khilov A.V. , Perekatova V.V. , Kovalchuk A.V. , Subochev P.V. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Spherical ultrasonic antennas are used in raster-scan optoacoustic (OA) angiography to record broadband signals generated by haemoglobin molecules in blood when they absorb pulsed optical radiation. Depending on the size of haemoglobin-containing structures, the characteristic frequencies of OA signals can vary quite significantly, ranging from hundreds of kilohertz to hundreds of megahertz. Meanwhile, the bandwidth of the receiving frequency band of standard piezoelectric sensors, as a rule, does not exceed the centre frequency value. It is possible to expand the receiving band of ultrasonic detectors to the required 0.1 kHz – 100 MHz values by using nonresonant piezomaterials based on polyvinidylene fluoride (PVDF). Two ultra-wideband detectors based on PVDF piezofilms of different thicknesses (9 μm and 25 μm) with different amplitude-frequency characteristics are experimentally compared. Comparative OA imaging of a tissue-like phantom demonstrates that the low-frequency sensor (film thickness l = 25 μm) has a greater depth of field, while the high-frequency sensor (l = 9 μm) has a better sensitivity in the range of 40 – 100 MHz. Using OA imaging of an experimental tumour in vivo, it is shown that a sensor with l = 25 μm is better suited for examining normal tissue containing relatively large blood vessels, while a sensor with l = 9 μm is better suited for studying tumour tissue containing a large number of multidirectional blood vessels of minimal size comparable to the maximum spatial resolution of the OA system.
Diode laser generating 3-ns pulses for a high resolution lidar
Authors: Pershin S.M. , Grishin M.Ya. , Zavozin V.A. , Makarov V.S. , Lednev V.N. , Fedorov A.N. , Myasnikov A.V. , Turin A.V. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
An AlGaAs laser (907 nm, 0.2 μJ) with a 3-ns pulse duration and eye-safe energy density below 1 μJ cm−2 is developed for lidar application. The laser is composed of three stacked diodes in a plastic housing. An external pump current generator based on discrete elements with an FMMT417 bipolar transistor switch is assembled on a printed circuit board together with the laser. A lidar based on this laser and a single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) as a detector is used to monitor aerosols with a resolution of 10 cm inside the tunnel of the Baksan Neutrino Observatory near the Elbrus volcano. An abrupt three-fold increase in aerosol emanation of yet unknown nature is recorded for the first time. The absence of the Earth’s crust disturbance traces in the signal of a laser interferometer with a resolution of 1.6 × 10−11 m testifies to a high sensitivity of the lidar for monitoring geodynamic processes.
Reconstruction of fluorophore concentration distribution in diffuse fluorescence tomography based on Tikhonov regularisation and nonnegativity condition
Authors: Fiks I.I. , Turchin I.V. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe propose to solve the inverse problem of diffuse fluorescence tomography (DFT) – reconstruction of the spatial distribution of the fluorophore in biological tissues – by a method based on Tikhonov regularisation with the nonnegativity condition (TRNC) of the reconstructed components of the solution vector. Model experiments on a biotissue phantom demonstrate that the TRNC method allows for a more accurate reconstruction of the distribution of the fluorophore concentration, and is also more stable in comparison with the known algorithms used in DFT, such as ART, SMART, NNLS, etc.
Interacting regional policies in containing a disease
Authors: Chandrasekhar Arun G. , Goldsmith-Pinkham Paul , Jackson Matthew O. , Thau Samuel 
Published: April 2021

Significance
The lack of coordination between governments on systemic problems, from climate change to financial contagions, has large costs that are well exemplified by a pandemic. We identify which quarantine policies are effective in curbing an outbreak and use that to understand how governments’ prioritization of their own populace and failure to coordinate with neighbors cause quarantines to fail, leading to repeated waves of a disease. Instead, if governments share information and anticipate infections from other jurisdictions, then infections are reduced by an order of magnitude. However, just a few lax governments create jurisdictions that repeatedly incubate a disease and substantially worsen the outcome for everyone. Our techniques should be useful in studying networked interactions across other domains.
Network medicine framework for identifying drug-repurposing opportunities for COVID-19
Authors: Morselli Gysi Deisy , do Valle Ítalo , Zitnik Marinka , Ameli Asher , Gan Xiao , Varol Onur , Ghiassian Susan Dina , Patten J. J. , Davey Robert A. , Loscalzo Joseph , Barabási Albert-László 
Published: April 2021

Significance
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of prioritizing approved drugs to treat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. Here, we deployed algorithms relying on artificial intelligence, network diffusion, and network proximity to rank 6,340 drugs for their expected efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. We experimentally screened 918 drugs, allowing us to evaluate the performance of the existing drug-repurposing methodologies, and used a consensus algorithm to increase the accuracy of the predictions. Finally, we screened in human cells the top-ranked drugs, identifying six drugs that reduced viral infection, four of which could be repurposed to treat COVID-19. The developed strategy has significance beyond COVID-19, allowing us to identify drug-repurposing candidates for neglected diseases.
Optimizing the spectral sharing in a vertical bifacial agrivoltaics farm
Authors: Ammapet Vijayan Ramachandran , Sivanarul Jeevalakshmi , Varadharajaperumal Muthubalan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Agrivoltaics (AV) allows double usage of the land by yielding both food and energy. Such farms are more suitable for high population density locations like India. In this work, we study the impact of the vertical, bifacial AV farm on the rice (Oryza sativa) yield in a hot, tropical climate prevailing in the south-eastern part of India (Chennai, 13.0827° N, 80.2707° E). We compare two different bifacial silicon solar cell technologies: (a) passivated emitter rear contact (PERC+), and (b) silicon heterojunction (SHJ), using vertical configurations. We show that SHJ yields more energy than PERC for the considered location, mainly due to its high-temperature coefficient, high inherent bifaciality, spectral and the temperature advantage of the vertical configuration. To maximize both the rice and energy yield with equal importance, we discuss two strategies: (a) varying the pitch of the panels (2 m and 4 m) (b) optimizing the spectral sharing between the panels and plants by reflecting the photosynthetically active radiation incident over the panels (2 m pitch). We found that increasing the pitch of the panels (4 m pitch) could improve the rice yield but drastically reduces the energy yield (∼45% compared to an optimal photovoltaics (PV) farm). Using simulation, we show that by reflecting the small portion of the spectrum (400–500 nm) incident on the PV panels (an additional advantage of the vertical configuration), both the rice and energy yield could achieve a win–win situation (∼80% of rice yield compared to an open farm and 74% of the energy yield compared to an optimally tilted PV farm) with a higher land equivalent ratio of 1.54. The disadvantage of SHJs in the PV farm becomes advantageous in an AV farm due to its low dependence on the reflected portion of the spectrum compared to PERC+ solar cells. This work will motivate the development of low-cost technologies to make spectral sharing a viable option in the future, considering the limited availability of the land.
Alignment of magnetic particles in anisotropic Nd–Fe–B bonded magnets
Authors: Liu X B , Gandha Kinjal , Nlebedim I C , Paranthaman M Parans 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
High-performance anisotropic bonded magnets need a high volumetric filling fraction of magnetic powder in a polymer binder and good alignment while possessing adequate mechanical properties. The correlation between the degree of alignment (DOA) and the volumetric filling fraction of magnetic powder, the type of binder and the processing parameters have been studied using Nd–Fe–B anisotropic bonded magnets. Thermomagnetic analysis and differential scanning calorimetry results show that the magnetic powder can be well aligned in a bonded magnet under an external magnetic field at a temperature higher than the binders’ melting point by 20–60 K, depending on the type of magnetic powder and binder. The DOA results mainly from the interplay between the Zeeman energy (E
app) and the inter-particle static energy (E
stat) in bonded magnets at the chosen alignment temperature and the magnetic fields. A good alignment can be achieved by an alignment magnetic field which is about twice its coercivity in an anisotropic Nd–Fe–B bonded magnet, which is confirmed by our experimental and modeling results.
Charge storage in metal-chalcogenide bilayer junctions
Authors: Takagaki Y 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We demonstrate that electrical charges are stored in the bilayer junctions of Al and Bi–Cu–S alloys. The junctions exhibit interfacial resistance switching, which is caused by a spontaneous production of high resistivity compounds at the interface and their electrochemical dissolution under a voltage bias. The charge storage results from the redox reactions that are responsible for the resistance switching. In contrast to conventional secondary batteries, the storing capability increases as the temperature is lowered from room temperature to 77 K, where the charges are released in a time scale nearly on the order of hours. The charging and discharging are thereby indicated not to rely on ionic transport. The battery effect is reversible in polarity. Storage characteristics are modified when Cu in the ternary alloy is replaced with Ag or Ni in a similar manner to the way the properties of the interfacial resistance switching are altered.
Determination of interlayer electron mobility in multilayer MoS2 flake using impedance spectroscopy
Authors: Srivastava Shikha , Mohapatra Yashowanta N 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Layered molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is emerging as a promising candidate for novel electronic applications, though the focus has largely been on few-layered thin films and in-layer electrical properties. MoS2 shows various nontrivial departures in its electrical properties in comparison to isotropic crystalline materials, however the understanding of anisotropic properties, particularly of charge carrier mobility in MoS2 flakes, is meagre. We experimentally study inter-layer mobility in mechanically exfoliated MoS2 flakes. The choice of a suitable sandwich device structure enables us to study the inter-layer transport using temperature dependent current–voltage (J–V) and impedance spectroscopy. The separation of peaks in the imaginary part of impedance i.e. Im (Z) spectra due to defects and transport in the space charge limited regime allows measurement of mobility un-encumbered by other effects. We study flakes obtained from both naturally occurring and synthetic crystals. The calculated inter-layer mobility (

μ
⊥

) exhibits

μ
⊥

∼

T
δ

temperature dependence with δ = 1.6 and thereby revealing that impurity scattering is the dominant mechanism. A further confirmation that the mobility is limited by charged impurity scattering comes from the observation that it improves for temperatures lower than a characteristic temperature, which marks deionization of donor impurities. Our results provide a direct estimation of the inter-layer mobility in exfoliated MoS2 flakes and would lead to carrier transport engineering and design strategies for applications based on MoS2 flakes.
Hysteretic structural changes within five-layered modulated 10M martensite of Ni–Mn–Ga(–Fe)
Authors: Veřtát P , Seiner H , Straka L , Klicpera M , Sozinov A , Fabelo O , Heczko O 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Modulated structure of Ni–Mn–Ga-based alloys is decisive in their magnetic shape memory (MSM) functionality. However, the precise nature of their five-layered modulated 10M martensite is still an open question. We used x-ray and neutron diffraction experiments on single crystals to investigate structural changes within 10M-modulated martensite of the Ni50Mn27Ga22Fe1 MSM alloy. The modulation vector gradually increases upon cooling from commensurate q = (2/5) g
110, where g
110 is the reciprocal lattice vector, to incommensurate with q up to pseudo-commensurate q = (3/7) g
110. Upon heating, reverse changes are observed with a thermal hysteresis of ≈60 K. The same hysteretic behaviour was detected in the electrical resistivity and the effective elastic modulus. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the changes are accompanied by the refinement of the a/b laminate. These observations indicate that the commensurate state is a metastable form of 10M martensite. Upon cooling, this phase evolves through nanotwinning into a more irregular and more stable incommensurate structure.
Synthesis and physical properties of perovskite Sm1−x
Sr
x
NiO3 (x = 0, 0.2) and infinite-layer Sm0.8Sr0.2NiO2 nickelates
Authors: He Chengping , Ming Xue , Li Qing , Zhu Xiyu , Si Jin , Wen Hai-Hu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Recently, superconductivity at about 9–15 K was discovered in Nd1−x
Sr
x
NiO2 (Nd-112, x ≈ 0.125–0.25) infinite-layer thin films, which has stimulated enormous interests in related rare-earth nickelates. Usually, the first step to synthesize this 112 phase is to fabricate the RNiO3 (R-113, R: rare-earth element) phase, however, it was reported that the 113 phase is very difficult to be synthesized successfully due to the formation of unusual Ni3+ oxidation state. And the difficulty of preparation is enhanced as the ionic radius of rare-earth element decreases. In this work, we report the synthesis and investigation on multiple physical properties of polycrystalline perovskites Sm1−x
Sr
x
NiO3 (x = 0, 0.2) in which the ionic radius of Sm3+ is smaller than that of Pr3+ and Nd3+ in related superconducting thin films. The structural and compositional analyses conducted by x-ray diffraction and energy dispersive x-ray spectrum reveal that the samples mainly contain the perovskite phase of Sm1−x
Sr
x
NiO3 with small amount of NiO impurities. Magnetization and resistivity measurements indicate that the parent phase SmNiO3 undergoes a paramagnetic–antiferromagnetic transition at about 224 K on a global insulating background. In contrast, the Sr-doped sample Sm0.8Sr0.2NiO3 shows a metallic behavior from 300 K down to about 12 K, while below 12 K the resistivity exhibits a slight logarithmic increase. Meanwhile, from the magnetization curves, we can see that a possible spin-glass state occurs below 12 K in Sm0.8Sr0.2NiO3. Using a soft chemical reduction method, we also obtain the infinite-layer phase Sm0.8Sr0.2NiO2 with square NiO2 planes. The compound shows an insulating behavior which can be described by the three-dimensional variable-range-hopping model. And superconductivity is still absent in the polycrystalline Sm0.8Sr0.2NiO2.
Monitoring the process of formation of ZnO from ZnO2 using in situ combined XRD/XAS technique
Authors: Daley Thomas , Opuni Kwasi B , Raj Edwin , Dent Andrew J , Cibin Giannantonio , Hyde Timothy I , Sankar Gopinathan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Use of in situ combined x-ray diffraction and x-ray absorption spectroscopy for the study of the thermal decomposition of zinc peroxide to zinc oxide is reported here. Comparison of data extracted from both x-ray diffraction (XRD) and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) with thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) enabled us to follow the nature of the conversion of ZnO2 to ZnO. A temperature range between 230 °C and 350 °C appears to show that a very poorly crystalline ZnO is formed prior to the formation of an ordered ZnO material. Both the decrease in white line intensity in the Zn K-edge XANES and resulting lower coordination numbers estimated from analysis of the Zn K-edge data of ZnO heated at 500 °C, in comparison to bulk ZnO, suggest that the ZnO produced by this method has significant defects in the system.
Progress in neutron techniques: towards improved polymer electrolyte membranes for energy devices
Authors: Foglia Fabrizia , Lyonnard Sandrine , Sakai Victoria García , Berrod Quentin , Zanotti Jean-Marc , Gebel Gérard , Clancy Adam J , McMillan Paul F 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Design and implementation of advanced membrane formulations for selective transport of ions and molecular species are critical for creating the next generations of fuel cells and separation devices. It is necessary to understand the detailed transport mechanisms over time- and length-scales relevant to the device operation, both in laboratory models and in working systems under realistic operational conditions. Neutron scattering techniques including quasi-elastic neutron scattering, reflectivity and imaging are implemented at beamline stations at reactor and spallation source facilities worldwide. With the advent of new and improved instrument design, detector methodology, source characteristics and data analysis protocols, these neutron scattering techniques are emerging as a primary tool for research to design, evaluate and implement advanced membrane technologies for fuel cell and separation devices. Here we describe these techniques and their development and implementation at the ILL reactor source (Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France) and ISIS Neutron and Muon Spallation source (Harwell Science and Technology Campus, UK) as examples. We also mention similar developments under way at other facilities worldwide, and describe approaches such as combining optical with neutron Raman scattering and x-ray absorption with neutron imaging and tomography, and carrying out such experiments in specialised fuel cells designed to mimic as closely possible actual operando conditions. These experiments and research projects will play a key role in enabling and testing new membrane formulations for efficient and sustainable energy production/conversion and separations technologies.
Thermal properties of energetic materials from quasi-harmonic first-principles calculations
Authors: Fan Junyu , Su Yan , Zheng Zhaoyang , Zhao Jijun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The structure and properties at a finite temperature are critical to understand the temperature effects on energetic materials (EMs). Combining dispersion-corrected density functional theory with quasi-harmonic approximation, the thermodynamic properties for several representative EMs, including nitromethane, PETN, HMX, and TATB, are calculated. The inclusion of zero-point energy and temperature effect could significantly improve the accuracy of lattice parameters at ambient condition; the deviations of calculated cell volumes and experimental values at room temperature are within 0.62%. The calculated lattice parameters and thermal expansion coefficients with increasing temperature show strong anisotropy. In particular, the expansion rate (2.61%) of inter-layer direction of TATB is higher than intra-layer direction and other EMs. Furthermore, the calculated heat capacities could reproduce the experimental trends and enrich the thermodynamic data set at finite temperatures. The predicted isothermal and adiabatic bulk moduli could reflect the softening behavior of EMs. These results would fundamentally provide a deep understanding and serve as a reference for the experimental measurement of the thermodynamic parameters of EMs.