bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serotyping, Antimicrobial Resistance Profile and Virulence Genes of Salmonella Serovars Isolated from Human, Animals and Birds
Authors: Borah Probodh , Dutta Rupam , Das Leena , Hazarika Girin , Choudhary Mridusmita , Deka Naba Kumar , Malakar Dipika , Hussain Md Iftikar , Barkalita Luit Moni 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes of Salmonella isolates recovered from human and different species of animals and birds. Out of 88 (7.15%), 21 (23.86%) belonged to Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Weltevreden, 22 (25%) to serovar Enteritidis, 16 (18.2%) to serovar Typhi and 14 (15.9%) to serovar Newport, while 7 (7.95%) isolates were found to be untypable. Among the 88 isolates, 45.45% showed resistance to ampicillin, 61.36% to tetracycline, 61.18% to cefotaxime, 65.90% to gentamicin, 48.86% to trimethoprim, 11.36% to ceftriaxone, 10.22% to chloramphenicol, and 7.95% each to ciprofloxacin and cefepime. Most of the isolates were susceptible to a low MIC (≤ 0.25 µg/ml) of Cefepime, Cefotaxime, Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone and Co-trimoxazole and a moderate MIC (0.5µg/ml − 4µg/ml) of Ampicillin, Tetracycline, Gentamicin and Chloramphenicol. The resistance genes, blaTEM, tetA and dfrA12 were most prevalent, irrespective of the host of origin of the isolates. While invA was used for molecular detection of Salmonella, other virulence genes, viz. sipA, sipB, sipC, stn and T2544 were also detected in all (100%) the Salmonella isolates. Total 69.32 % of tested samples were found to be contaminated with multi-drug resistant (MDR) Salmonella and various virulence genes were present among the isolated serovars. Another virulence-associated gene, T2544 (pagN) could also be found in all the isolates, irrespective of serovar or host of origin suggesting the possibility of using this gene as a marker for identification of pathogenic Salmonella isolates. This study highlights the importance of continuous monitoring and surveillance for pathogenic salmonellae and their potential risks to both human and animal.
Anlotinib Is Active for the Patients Failed From the Prior Antiangiogenic Therapy: Anti-angiogenic Therapy Might Be Cross-line Used
Authors: Suo Jiaojiao , Sun Yu , Fu Yan , Xiu Weigang , Zhang Xuanwei , Wang Yan , Zhu Jiang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to initially investigate whether previous antiangiogenic therapy (bevacizumab and endostar) affect the efficacy of anlotinib in patients with lung cancer (LC). Methods We retrospectively collected the clinical data of LC patients treated with anlotinib. They were divided into two groups, namely group A (anlotinib after failure of previous antiangiogenic drugs and group B (no prior use of antiangiogenic drugs). Use propensity score matching (PSM) to control the confounding factors between the groups.Results A total of 160 patients were included in the analysis. The median OS in group A and group B was 11.8 months vs. 16.1 months (P=0.120), and the median PFS was 3.1 months, 4.7 months, respectively (P=0.009). The ORR of the two groups was 9.6% vs. 10.4% (P=0.874), and the DCR was 71.1 % vs. 80.5% (P=0.165).After PSM (n=46), baseline characteristics were equitably comparable between the two groups. It was found that the median OS of the two groups was 14.6 months vs. 16.2 months (P=0.320), and the median PFS was 3.5 months vs. 4.5 months (P=0.040). The ORR of the two groups were 13.0%, 10.9% (P=0.748), and the DCR were 78.3%, 82.6% (P=0.599), respectively. These results provided further evidence that although PFS of group A was relatively shorter than that of group B, it may not affect patients’ OS.Conclusions Previous antiangiogenesis treatments may affect the PFS of patients who receive anlotinib later, but it might not affect the patient’s ORR and OS.
Post-depositional alteration of stable isotope signals by preferential degradation of algae-derived organic matter in reservoir sediments
Authors: Liu Xiaoqing , Wendt-Potthoff Katrin , Barth Johannes , Friese Kurt 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Post-depositional degradation of organic matter (OM) in freshwater sediments is crucial for driving the biogeochemical dynamics and influencing the consequential carbon burial. This process also often causes diagenetic alterations on paleoenvironmental proxies. Yet, mechanisms behind the degradation of sedimentary OM and the depth-related variations in stable isotope ratios can only be explained in part. Degradation of sedimentary OM in two drinking water reservoirs with contrasting trophic states (eutrophic versus mesotrophic) and catchment land-use (agriculture versus forestry) were studied with a combination of typical chemical treatments to group sedimentary organic matter into four different biochemical fractions, i.e., carbohydrates, proteins, lignins and lipids. Our results show that the degradation of sedimentary OM was mainly driven by preferential degradation of aquatic proteins and carbohydrates. In a subsequent step, lipids seemed to be degraded. This process entails more pronounced reduction of sedimentary OM and associated depth variations in δ13C and δ15N in the eutrophic reservoir of agricultural catchment, when compared to the mesotrophic reservoir with a forest dominated catchment. Moreover, changes in the relative proportions of biochemical components in sedimentary OM have more pronounced impact on δ15N isotope values relative to the ones of δ13C. Our findings also suggest that algae-derived OM is primarily responsible for the post-depositional alterations of elemental and isotopic compositions of sedimentary OM. This may be of importance for estimates of carbon sinks in lakes and reservoirs.
New Generation of Electrochemical Sensor for Sub-Nanomolar Zn (II) Ion Detection Based on Nano- Sized Ion Imprinted Polymer and Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanaotube Composite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Alizadeh Vali , Behnia Nasrin , Asgari Mehdi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A new selective and sensitive electrochemical sensor was prepared by film coating of Zinc (II) ion imprinted polymer (IIP) nanoparticle and functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCN) composite on glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The prepared electrochemical sensor was applied for the sensitive determination of Zinc (II) ion by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) method. The GCE/IIP-MWCNT modified electrode showed improved electrochemical behavior as compared to bare GC electrode. An optimum procedure was used for the fixation of Zn(II)-8-hydroxyquinoline to styrene-ethylene dimethacrylate copolymer and the resultant IIP nanoparticles characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared ( FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of different experimental variables such as pH, deposition time, and deposition potential were optimized for electrochemical determinations. The resultant IIP showed a selective sorbent for Zinc (II) ion. Functionalized MWCNT was applied in construction of as prepared modified electrode, exhibits large surface area, enhanced electron transfer kinetics, and improved Zn (II) ion diffusion. Under the optimal conditions, the resulting calibration curve exhibited a linear response within a concentration range of 5×10-12 to 15×10-8 mol/L-1 with excellent detection limit 5×10-12mol/L-1. Finally, the method was successfully applied for the determination of zinc (II) ion in the real water samples, and the obtained results were verified by inductively coupled plasma (ICP).
Interfacial crystallization and supramolecular self-assembly of spider silk inspired protein at the water-air interface
Authors: Mohammadi Pezhman , Zemke Fabian , Wagermaier Wolfgang , Linder Markus B. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Abstract: Macromolecular assembly into complex morphologies and architectural shapes is an area of fundamental research and technological innovation. In this work, we investigate the self-assembly process of recombinantly produced protein inspired by spider silk (spidroin). To elucidate the first steps of the assembly process we looked into highly concentrated and viscous pendant droplets of this protein in air. We show how the protein self-assembles and crystallizes at the water-air interface into a relatively thick and highly elastic skin. Using time-resolved in-situ synchrotron x-ray scattering measurements during the drying process, we showed that the skin evolved to contain a high β-sheet amount over time. We also found that β-sheet formation strongly depended on protein concentration and relative humidity. These had a strong influence not only on the amount but also on the ordering of these structures during the β-sheet formation process. We also showed how the skin around pendant droplets can serve as a reservoir for attaining liquid-liquid phase separation and coacervation from the dilute protein solution. Essentially, this study shows a new assembly route which could be optimized for the synthesis of new materials from a dilute protein solution and determine the properties of the final products.
ULTRARAM™: a low-energy, high-endurance, compound-semiconductor memory on silicon
Authors: Hodgson Peter , Lane Dominic , Carrington Peter , Delli Evangelia , Beanland Richard , Hayne Manus 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
ULTRARAM™ is a non-volatile memory with the potential to achieve fast, ultra-low-energy electron storage in a floating gate accessed through a triple-barrier resonant tunnelling heterostructure. Here we report the implementation of ULTRARAM™ on a Si substrate; a vital step towards cost-effective mass production. Sample growth was carried out using molecular beam epitaxy, by first depositing an AlSb nucleation layer to seed the growth of a GaSb buffer layer, followed by the III-V memory epilayers. Fabricated single-cell memories show clear 0/1 logic-state contrast after ≤10-ms duration program/erase pulses of ~2.5 V, a remarkably fast switching speed for 10- and 20-µm devices. Furthermore, the combination of low voltage and small device capacitance per unit area results in a switching energy that is orders of magnitude lower than dynamic random access memory and flash, for a given cell size. Extended testing of the devices revealed retention in excess of 1000 years and degradation-free endurance of over 107 program/erase cycles, exceeding very recent results for similar devices on GaAs substrates.
Inhibition of Vascular Adhesion Protein 1 Protects Dopamine Neurons From the Effects of Acute Inflammation and Restores Habit Learning in the Striatum
Authors: Becchi Serena , Buson Alberto , Balleine Bernard 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundChanges in dopaminergic neural function can be induced by an acute inflammatory state that, by altering the integrity of the neurovasculature, induces neuronal stress, cell death and causes functional deficits. Effectively blocking these effects of inflammation could, therefore, reduce both neuronal and functional decline. To test this hypothesis, we inhibited vascular adhesion protein 1 (VAP-1), a membrane bound protein expressed on endothelial cell surface, that mediates leukocyte extravasation and induces oxidative stress. MethodWe induced dopaminergic neuronal loss by infusing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) directly into the substantia nigra (SN) in rats and administered the VAP-1 inhibitor, PXS-4681A, daily. ResultsLPS resulted in an acute inflammatory response, the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the SN, reduced dopaminergic projection to SN target regions, particularly the dorsolateral striatum (DLS), and a deficit in habit learning, a key function of the DLS. In an attempt to protect SN neurons from this inflammatory response we found that VAP-1 inhibition not only reduced neutrophil infiltration in the SN and striatum but also reduced the associated microglia and astrocyte response in the striatum. We found VAP-1 inhibition protected dopaminergic neurons in the SN, their projections to the striatum and promoted the functional recovery of habit learning. Thus, we reversed the loss of habitual actions, a function usually dependent on dopamine release in DLS and sensitive to striatal dysfunction. ConclusionsWe establish, therefore, that VAP-1 inhibition has an anti-inflammatory profile that may have beneficial in the treatment of dopaminergic dysfunction caused by an acute inflammatory state in the brain.
Industry 5.0: The Convergence of AI and HI (Human Intelligence)
Authors: Bhandurge Gauri Malhar , Bhide Mrunmayi Shirish 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Today, as we see a big chunk of the industries in various fields adapting Industry 4.0, a lot of us have started asking the question “what’s next?”, the next industrial revolution, Industry 5.0. Past revolutions have pointed out that new revolutions take place only to correct the anomalies of the existing industrial situations. Likewise, to generate further clarity and to understand the previous findings around smart factory, we conducted a systematic literature review. This research paper talks about the various walks of life that industry 5.0 has the capability to affect and make better. We have also attempted to list down a few factors that will be vital for bringing about the 5th industrial revolution. With the goal of a smart society, which will be an extension of the existing smart factory, we call this process of transformation, growth and development as ‘THE INDUSTRIAL UPCYCLING’. We are proposing a new terminology called IoE – Internet of Everything as an extension of IoT.
Epidemiological Characteristics Of Central Nervous System Tumors In Children: A 5-Year Review of 3,180 Cases From Beijing Tiantan Hospital
Authors: Liu Zhiming , Liao Chihyi , Zhang Heng , Han Zhe , Wang Junmei , Ma Zhenyu , Li Chunde , Gong Jian , Liu Wei , Sun Tao , Tian Yongji 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective: To describe the epidemiological characteristics of central nervous system tumors in children, based on the neurosurgery department of Beijing Tiantan Hospital.Methods: From January 2015 to December 2019, 3 180 children were histopathologically diagnosed with central nervous system tumors based on the 2016 World Health Organization classification of tumors. Patients were 0 to 15 years old. We analyzed age-related gender preferences, tumor locations and the histological grades of the tumors. In addition, the epidemiological characteristics of the five most common intracranial tumors were compared to the previous studies.Results: In this study, intracranial and spinal tumors account for 96.4% (3 066) and 3.6% (114) of all tumors, with a preponderance of supratentorial tumors (57.9%). Among all pediatric patients, low-grade tumors comprise 67.1% (2 135). The integral gender ratio of males to females is 1.47:1 and the average age of patients is 7.59 years old. The five most common intracranial tumors are craniopharyngioma (15.4%), medulloblastoma (14.3%), pilocytic astrocytoma (11.8%), diffuse astrocytoma (9.8%), and anaplastic ependymoma (4.8%).Conclusions: Due to lack of national data on childhood brain tumors, we used a large nationally representative population sample based on the largest pediatric neurosurgery center in China. We analyzed the data of the past five years, reflecting the incidence of CNS tumors in Chinese children to a certain extent, and laying a data foundation for subsequent clinical studies.
Metagenomic Sequencing Reveals Distinct Microbial Community Structures in Healthy and Diseased Oral Microbiota
Authors: Zhang Yuchen , Li Yinhu , Yang Yuguang , Wang Yiqing , Cao Xiao , Xu Yue , Li Shuai Cheng , Zhou Qin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Periodontitis and peri-implantitis are common biofilm-mediated infectious diseases affecting teeth and dental implants, and have been considered to be initiated with the adjacent microbial dysbiosis. Study Aim: To further understand the essence of oral microbiota dysbiosis in terms of bacterial interactions, community structure and microbial stability.Methods: We analyzed 64 plaque samples from 34 participants with teeth or implants under different health conditions using metagenomic sequencing. After taxonomical annotation, we computed the core microbiome, analyzed the bacterial co-occurrence networks, and calculated the microbial stability in supra- and sub-gingival plaques from hosts with different health conditions. Result: When inflammation arises, the subgingival communities become less connective and competitive with fewer hub species. In contrast, the supragingival communities tend to be more connective and competitive with a increased number of hub species. Notably, periodontitis and peri-implantitis are associated with significantly increased microbial stability in subgingival plaques. In addition, we also observe similar core bacterial components yet distinct co-occurrence networks and community structures between the healthy and diseased hosts.Conclusion: The findings indicated that the aberrant changes of the bacterial co-occurrence networks and community structures are the essence of dysbiosis in periodontal and peri-implant patients, while breaking the diseased equilibrium and reestablishing healthy equilibrium is crucial for the treatment of periodontitis and peri-implantitis.
Co-disposal Research of Red Mud and Aluminum Electrolysis Solid Waste Based on External Thermal Reduction and Smelting Separation
Authors: TANG En , ZHANG Rui 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In large aluminum smelting enterprises, the solid wastes of red mud and waste cathodes are satisfied the basic elements requirements of the solid-solid direct reduction technology. Thus, it is proposed a solution to use waste cathodes and red mud under indirect heating supply to produce pellets and to utilize in situ. It has been studied the reduction mechanism of red mud and waste cathode, the influence of carbon allocation method on pellet reduction and the research of the smelting separation and product quality. Experiment shows that the iron of red mud can be successfully reduced by waste cathode and anode toner at high temperature. The metallization rate of iron in red mud can reach more than 95% and the quality of pellets is more suitable with the mode of external carbon mixing. In order to carry out effective melting and separation of slag and iron, the red mud pellets must to be briquetted or to reserve a molten pool before charging into the melting furnace. After separation, the content of iron and carbon in steel can reach about 98.85% and 0.13% respectively, and the yield of iron elements can reach more than 96%, the harmful components flow into the slag can be effectively solidified. Content of alumina in the slag reached about 37% which can be economically recycled to the alumina purification process as a matching.
Tobacco Leaf Curl Puer Virus: a Novel Monopartite Begomovirus Infecting Nicotiana Tabacum in China
Authors: Jiang Ning , Gai Xiaotong , Yin Duan , Zhang Guanghai , Lu Canhua , Guo Jian , Ma Junhong , Xia Zhenyuan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Begomoviruses (family Geminiviridae) cause serious diseases in many economic crops and weeds globally. This study characterized a begomovirus isolated from a tobacco plant with leaf curl in Puer, Yunnan Province, China. Analysis of the viral genome obtained from a diseased Nicotiana tabacum plant showed a novel monopartite begomovirus. The DNA-A-like sequence (2741 nt) has the typical Old World monopartite begomovirus genome organization, sharing the highest nucleotide sequence identity (81.2%) with that of Tomato yellow leaf curl Vietnam virus (TYLCVV). According to the current International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV )taxonomic criteria, this is a new species of begomovirus for which the name “Tobacco leaf curl Puer virus” is proposed.
Emoji Emotional States: Classification on the Valence and Arousal Axes
Authors: Kutsuzawa Gaku , Umemura Hiroyuki , Eto Koichiro , Kobayashi Yoshiyuki 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Emojis are frequently used by people worldwide as a tool to express one’s emotional states, and have recently been applied to the research field to assess the same. However, the details of how they correspond to the human emotional states remain unidentified. Thus, this study aimed to understand how emojis are classified on the valence and arousal axes, and to examine the relationship between the former and the human emotional states. In an online survey of 1,082 participants, a nine-point scale was employed to evaluate the valence and arousal levels of 74 facial emojis. The cluster analysis revealed these emojis to be categorized into six different clusters on the two axes of valence and arousal. Further, the one-way analysis of variance indicated these clusters as having six valence and three arousal levels. From these results, each cluster was interpreted as (1) a strong negative sentiment, (2) a moderately negative sentiment, (3) a neutral sentiment with negative bias, (4) a neutral sentiment with positive bias, (5) a moderately positive sentiment, and (6) a strong positive sentiment. Therefore, facial emojis were found to comprehensively express the human emotional states.
The Frequency of Class1 and 2 and 3 Integrons in Vancomycin-resistant and Aminoglycoside Resistance Enterococcus Strains Isolated From Burn Patients in Southwest Iran
Authors: Montazeri Effat Abbasi , Khosravi Azar Dokht , Ahmadi Khadijah , Afzali Maryam , dezfuli Aram Asareh zadegan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Integration Strategy of ROS Boosting and Antioxidation Inhibiting Initiates Ferroptosis to Enhance Phototherapic Effect on Tumor
Authors: Tao Weiwei , Wang Neng , Ruan Jie , Hu Yue , Wang Chao , Che Chuntao , Sun Dongdong , Duan Jinao , Zhao Ming 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Conventional phototherapy is often limited by hypoxia, introducing oxygen generators is the common method to relieve it, but the antioxidant path of tumor cell was inevitably initiated. Herein, by integrating oxygen generator (MnO2) and inhibitor of Nrf2 (brusatol) into one nanoplatform, we strive to relieve hypoxia and inhibit the antioxidation simultaneously. Hypoxia was relieved for the triggered decomposition of MnO2 by endogenous H2O2 and it directly strengthened photodynamic therapy (PDT) through boosting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Moreover, high level ROS greatly enhanced the efficacy of photothermal therapy (PTT) by attacking heat shock proteins(HSP). Antioxidant defense was prevented by brusatol through inhibiting the expression of Nrf2. Importantly, MnO2 and brusatol collaboratively induced ferroptosis through raising oxidation, remarkably promoting tumor curative effect. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated the strengthened therapeutic effects of synergistic PDT/PTT, highlighting the great promise of the synergistic modulation strategy with a nanomedicine to overcome the drawbacks of phototherapy.