bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
<i>In vitro</i> the effect of ethanol extracts of <i>Senna alexandrina</i> and <i>Achillea millefolium</i> on fungi pathogenic to plants and humans
Authors: Al-Rejaboo Maha Akram , Almola Zakaria Sami , Almashhadani Mohammad Abdullah 
Published: December 2024

Plant extracts are natural sources of bioactive compounds that could be used for crop protection and preserving human health. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of ethanolic extracts of Senna alexandrina leaves and Achillea millefolium flowers on the growth of some filamentous fungi and yeasts isolated from yellow corn and human. Alcoholic extract of Achillea millefolium flowers showed significant inhibitory effects against the filamentous fungi: Aspergillus flavus, A. ustus, Cladosporium oxysporum, Fusarium graminearum and Penicillium citrinum, beside the dermatophytes Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T.rubrum, T. schoenleinii, T. terrestre and T. verrucosum. The superiority of the A. millefolium flower extract over the Senna alexandrina leaves extract the growth of most of the tested fungi. There was a direct relationship between the concentrations of the alcoholic extract of A. millefolium flowers and the inhibition in halo diameters of Candida isolates. High concentrations, including (200, 150, 125, 100) mg/mL inhibited the growth of all Candida isolates, while the 25 mg/mL concentration was ineffective against any of the tested isolates. Candida krusei was the most sensitive to the alcoholic extract of Achillea flowers (inhibition halo=22 mm at a concentration of 200 mg/ mL). Candida glabrata was the most resistant. Also direct relationship was recorded between the concentration of the alcoholic extract of S. alexandrina leaves and the diameters of the inhibition halos for Candida isolates. The high concentrations (200, 150, and 125 mg/mL) inhibited the growth of all the tested isolates. Candida albicans (2) was the most sensitive, while C. glabrata, was the most resistant. The present results showed the possible use of the two plant extracts as preventing factors for the growth of fungi in plants and humans.
An overview of the therapeutic potential of understudied lichen species for novel drug discovery
Authors: Venugopal Aswathy , Glaudline Stephey , Raj David Paul , Lakshiakanthan Emisha , S Vijayanand , Sevanan Murugan 
Published: December 2024

Due to the emergence of new diseases, drug discovery is an ever-exciting field of science. Researchers have shifted their focus from chemical-based medicines to drugs of natural origin and their structural synthetic analogues to solve the problem of developing antibiotic resistance and the detrimental impacts of existing chemical medications. Lichens are still one of the least explored natural sources for drug discovery. These slow-growing forms are a rich source of some exceptional secondary metabolites known collectively as lichenochemicals. The significant proportion of these lichenochemicals are bioactive compounds with multiple pharmacological properties, including antimicrobial, anticancer, free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and neuroprotective abilities and are also high in nutritional values, making this uncanny combination of algae and fungi, together with their metabolites, so well renowned in traditional and indigenous medicine. Although only oral knowledge was available about them earlier, studies over the last few decades have isolated and identified some unique bioactive compounds with high medicinal values, making lichen biology one of the most interesting and promising areas of pharmacological research. More than half of the lichen species and phytochemicals are yet to be explored. However, lichen-derived vitamin D3 is the only vegan source of vitamin D3. Likewise, studies have shown that lichenochemicals can significantly reduce the problem of antibiotic resistance developed by microorganisms. Advanced techniques in identification and isolation, combined with bioinformatics, predictive software, and databases, have greatly aided in understanding lichen chemistry. This review summarizes the use of lichens in drug discovery with a highlight on recent breakthroughs in lichen biology.
Biostimulants and calcium-mediated optimization in morpho-phenological growth of mung bean (<i>Vigna radiata</i> L.) in the summer season
Authors: Kumari Poonam , Kumar Prasann , Siddique Anaytullah 
Published: December 2024

Mung bean, botanically referred to as Vigna radiata is valued for its superb quality of nutrition, which includes a large amount of protein, minerals, and vitamins, making it a staple worldwide. Morpho-phenological traits are critical indicators of plant growth and development, which influence the overall yield and quality of the mung bean; thus, optimizing these traits can improve the yield barriers. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the impact of biostimulants and calcium-mediated response on the morpho-phenological growth of mung bean while assessing the growth, plant height (cm), number of leaves, leaf area plant-1 (cm²), leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), leaf area duration (LAD), SPAD reading, and total chlorophyll content (mg g-1) were used. Among the treatment combinations, T7 (Calcium, 10mM + Bio-priming with Rhizobium + Putrescine, 3mM) showed statistically significant improvements (p <0.05%) in all measured parameters. This treatment yielded the highest values across the board. The second-best results were observed with the T5 (Calcium, 10mM + Putrescine, 3mM), which also showed significant improvements for most of the parameters at both intervals, i.e. 30 and 60 days after sowing (DAS). Moreover, the analysis of the data in terms of percent increase/decrease over control produced a clear view of the morpho-physiological growth in the T7 and T5 treatments compared to the control, highlighting their effectiveness. Overall, this study revealed the significance of a synergistic approach of calcium, putrescine, and biopriming with rhizobium to optimize the morpho-phenological traits and enhance the yield of mung bean in the summer season.
Diversity of plants and birds as an ecotourism attraction in the Segara Guna Batu Lumbang Mangrove Forest, Pemogan Denpasar Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Ginantra I Ketut , Abimanyu Anak Agung Ngurah Bagus , Regina Stephanie 
Published: December 2024

Mangrove forests, with their diverse flora and fauna, vegetation structure, unique root systems, mud flats, and intertidal habitats with high and low tides, are very attractive ecotourism attractions. The present study aimed to identify and interpret the diversity of mangrove flora and birds in the Batu Lumbang mangrove ecotourism area of Pemogan Denpasar Bali, Indonesia. Analysis of mangrove vegetation was carried out at four research stations using the square method, and observations of bird abundance were made using the point count method. The results showed that using mangrove forests in Batu Lumbang applies ecotourism principles. In the Segara Batu Lumbang mangrove forest, 9 species of true mangroves and 9 species of associated mangrove plants were found. There were 30 species of birds belonging to 20 families. The diversity index of mangrove plants was 2.55, including the medium category. Several bird species were quite common and easy to find in this area, including the Little Pied Cormorant (Microcarbo melanoleucos), cave swiftlet (Collocalia linchi), greater egret (Egretta alba), small blue kingfisher (Alcedo coerulescens), and great billed heron (Ardea sumatrana). The bird diversity index was 3.28, which is in the high category. This shows that the condition of the mangroves in Batu Lumbang is stable. Information on the existence and interpretation of the characteristics of mangrove species and birds, the conservation status of species, and habitat use by birds are attractions in ecotourism. The mangrove and bird handbook is an important guide for guides or managers of ecotourism.
Molecular detection of genetic types of <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> parasite causing diarrhoea in Mosul city
Authors: Altaee Hiba Younis Qasim Yahya , Alkhashab Firas Mohammad Bashir , Alsabawi Rana Ibraheem mohammad Abdullah 
Published: December 2024

Cryptosporidium is a crucial zoonotic parasite that leads to self-limiting gastroenteritis. The primary species responsible for cryptosporidiosis are Cryptosporidium hominis and C. parvum. The objective of the study was the microscopic identification using the Modified Zeihl Neelsen and floatation using the sugar sheather solution, as well as using the molecular identification technology via the Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (nPCR) to detect the 18SrRNA gene with DNA sequence analysis and the phylogenetic tree of some positive samples from various areas of Mosul city. Stool samples from 154 children under five with diarrhoea were collected at Ibn AlAtheer Teaching Hospital in Nineveh Governorate from July to December 2023. Samples were tested for Cryptosporidium using Modified Zeihl Neelsen stain and floatation techniques. DNA extraction and nPCR were performed for molecular analysis. The study showed that the infection percentage was 20.77% for 32 samples out of the total number of samples 154 stool samples, which were tested and microscopically identified in addition to the results of the molecular test that was conducted by using the Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (nPCR) (32 samples were positive and 122 samples were negative) to confirm the accuracy of the microscope examination. The percentage of infection with C. parvum parasite was observed to be 18.75%, and the DNA sequencing of the infected samples was conducted. The three new isolates emerged for the first time in the Nineveh governorate and were registered at the National Center for the Biological Information (NCBI) with serial numbers (PP669700, PP669699, and PP669701).
Phenotypic and genotypic detection of biofilm genes for<i> </i><i>Proteus, Morganella, Providencia</i> (PMP) bacterial group isolated from clinical samples of some hospitals in Mosul/Iraq
Authors: Taher Eman M. , Abdullah Basima A. , Taie Anmar A. AL 
Published: December 2024

The three genera Proteus spp., Morganella spp., Providencia spp. (PMP) is a group of bacteria belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family that is predominantly implicated in nosocomial infections within hospital environments. The research aimed to ascertain the frequency of PMP in various clinical samples from some hospitals by isolation and confirming the identification of bacteria from biofilms using Viteck-2 and phenotypic and genotypic determinants of biofilm genes. Out of 380 isolates from different clinical sources that were identified phenotypically (microscopic examination, culture, and biochemical tests) confirmed identification of bacteria from biofilms using Viteck-2 and genotypic determinants of biofilm genes DNA were extracted from twenty identified strains, the PCR products derived were utilized for sequencing. The Congo Red Agar and Microplate methods employed encompassed qualitative and quantitative approaches to analyze the formation of biofilms. In this approach, bacteria that develop black colonies were assessed as positive for biofilm formation.Proteus mirabilis showed strong producers (19.8%), Providencia stuartii (100%), and Morganella morganii produced pink colonies. The strains were assessed as non-producers and analyzed quantitatively using the microplate technique. which shows strong biofilm production in most PMP groups. Genetic detection of biofilm genes showed that the mrpA gene was identified in P. mirabilis strains utilizing the PCR technique as positive for all strains at (100%) but M. morganii at (25%), positive amplification for all strains (100%) for the rsm gene in P. mirabilis strains. P. stuartii gave positive detection for the fim A gene by utilizing the PCR technique as (100%). All genes were involved in biofilm formation.
Deciphering multivariate patterns and diversity analysis of yield and associate traits in okra (<i>Abelmoschus esculentus </i>(L.) Moench) accessions of northwestern India
Authors: Keerthana Sai , Singh Hardeep , Dubey N. , Delvadiya I. R. , Avinashe H. 
Published: December 2024

Okra is a valuable crop cultivated worldwide for its edible fruits. Understanding genetic variability and the relationship among key traits is essential for improving yield and other agronomic characteristics. This study focused on evaluating 27 okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) genotypes at research farm of Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab to explore their genetic diversity and yield-contributing traits. The genetic variability of okra genotype assessed the relationships between yield-contributing traits and identified the traits with the most significant direct and indirect effects on the yield of okra. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was used for traits such as plant height, fruit production, seed weight and other characteristics. Variance analysis, heritability estimation, correlation analysis, path coefficient analysis and cluster analysis were conducted to identify significant relationships and genetic diversity among genotypes. The highest coefficient of variation was observed for fruit weight per plant, the number of main branches and seed weight per plant. Path analysis showed that seed weight per plant had the largest direct positive effect on fruit production per plant (0.878) and total number of main branches (0.845). Negative influences were seen from days to first flowering (-0.164). Cluster analysis revealed the highest genetic distance between cluster II and V (D2 = 356.76). Plant height (23.93%) and biological yield (22.22%) contributed most to genetic divergence. This study identified key traits such as seed weight and fruit production with the highest genetic potential for yield improvement in okra. The findings can be applied in breeding programs to develop high-yielding okra varieties through targeted selection.
Effects of experimentally induced toxoplasmosis on blood glucose in albino mice Balb/c
Authors: Al-Sharabi Samah Fathy , Hamoo Reeda Nathem , Mohammed Baydaa Ghanim 
Published: December 2024

Toxoplasmosis is one of the most important and prevalent disease affecting a wide range of hosts. It is caused by the parasite called T.gondii. The present study aimed to evaluate the blood glucose in serum in albino mice Balb/c induced toxoplasmosis serum. Ten placenta samples were collected from aborted women from Al-Batoul and Al-Salam Hospital in Mosul city from October 2023 to December 2024 . Eighty mice were infected experimentally with toxoplasmosis (20 male and 20 female) by injecting tissue cysts isolated from the placenta into the peritoneal cavity of laboratory mice and five mice were dissected after each after 1, 2, 3, and 6 weeks post infection (p.i)).A serum was collected to determine the glucose and insulin levels, and the titer of anti-portant toxoplasma antibodies was measured using an ELISA kit. The number of tissue cysts in the impressions brain was numerate. Results showed an increase in glucose level concentration in all groups. The highest rate of glucose was recorded in infected males after the sixth week p.i (167.40±9.46)mg/dl. The highest increase in insulin levels was recorded in all infected groups (male and female) at all periods compared to control. Furthermore, There were significant differences in the rate of IgG antibody titer, as the highest rate of antibody concentration was recorded at the first-week p.i in female (0.54±0.06) titer .Also, the results showed significant differences in the number of cysts in all groups at the sixth week post–infected.
Effect of genotypes and artificial shading during flowering stage on the productivity patterns of Faba bean (<i>Vicia faba</i> L.) under Mediterranean conditions
Authors: Ajana G. , Figuigui J. El , Laasli S. E. , Fatemi Z. , Daoui K. 
Published: December 2024

In agroforestry systems, higher-positioned crops frequently tend to impose shade stress on lower-positioned ones, with consequent negative repercussions on the agronomic characteristics of the latter. The present study was conducted under field conditions over two cropping seasons 2020-2021 and 2021-2022, to evaluate the mechanisms of physiological (e.g., stomatal conductance and water relative content) and biochemical (e.g., proline and chlorophyll content) variations, as well as grain yield and its components of different Faba bean varieties subjected to shade stress. Six varieties of Vicia faba L. (Aguadulce, Hiba, Zina, Alfia17, Defes, and Extra hative) were subjected to three levels of artificial shade stress S1 (0%), S2 (50%), and S3 (90%) during the flowering stage. The results showed that variety, shade treatment, and year significantly affected above-ground biomass and yield attributes. Substantial reductions in grain yield of 31.17% and 53.34% were observed under S2 and S3, respectively, compared with S1, demonstrating the adverse impact of shading on this parameter. Significant differences between the studied varieties were noticed. Among the varieties tested, Hiba and Zina showed the highest grain yield under shade stress conditions. Shading decreased stomatal conductance for all varieties tested, influencing proline synthesis in response to this abiotic stress. The results suggest that incorporating high-performance varieties Hiba and Zina into agroforestry systems can provide significant added value to local farmers since they are the most tolerant to shade stress, which can improve the performance of the tree-plant association in terms of yield and productivity.
Anomali Masa Jabatan Presiden Terhubung Dengan Bentuk Negara Republik
Authors: Mujahidah Mujahidah , Tibaka Leli 
Published: December 2024

Penambahan Masa Jabatan Presiden menjadi isu yang mengemuka dalam sistem ketatanegaraan, hal ini tidak terlepas dari adanya histori masa jabatan presiden lebih dari dua priode. Pasal 7 Undang - Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 mengatur mengenai masa jabatan presiden secara eksplisit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah konsep anomali masa jabatan presiden dihubungkan dengan konsep republik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa konstitusi menganut norma yang tertutup yang secara tegas membatasi hanya dua periode, menambah masa jabatan presiden adalah inkonstitusional kecuali pasal terkait diubah, namun yang lebih mendasar pembatasan masa jabatan presiden berkaitan erat dengan bentuk negara republik yang dianut oleh suatu negara. Republik bentuk pemerintahan yang berkedaulatan rakyat dan dikepalai seorang presiden. Pemerintahan yang dijalankan oleh rakyat dan bertujuan untuk kepentingan umum oleh karena itu penyelenggaraan pemerintah atas kehendak umum atau kepentingan umum.
The Significance of Science literacy in Biology Learning
Authors: Rizalia Syarif , Fahrizi Zakky , Sukmawati Sukmawati 
Published: December 2024

The aim of the present study is: 1) to explore the quality of teachers’ understanding about science literacy in biology; 2) to explore inhibiting and supporting factors of the quality teachers’ understanding for science literacy in biology; and 3) to suggest solutions to enhance the understanding of science literacy for biology teachers. The present study involved biology teachers and the deputy principal for curriculum of MAN 1 South Konawe. The present study is a qualitative study involving a survey with questionnaires to measure the quality of understanding of the biology teachers in terms of biology science literacy. The data analysis involves: 1) analyzing initial interview data (collection, reduction, data display, conclusion); 2) testing data validity (through source triangulation, technique triangulation, and time triangulation). The result shows that: 1) the quality of the teachers’ understanding for the science literacy in biology is interpreted based on the following indicators including the reinforcement of competence with the percentage of 36.36% which falls to into moderate category, and the support and follow-up for the development programs for literacy capability which falls into low category, accounting for 14.29%; 2) inhibiting and supporting factors for the quality of teachers’ understanding about biology science literacy is interpreted based on a number of indicators: a) both inhibiting and supporting internal factors that facilitate the implementation of science literacy-based learning, having the same influence by 50% respectively; b) external factors supporting the implementation science literacy-based learning having moderate influence of 40%, and the inhibiting external factor categorized moderate influence with the percentage of 60%; 3) Suggestions to improve the understanding of science literacy for biology teachers based on the inhibiting factors are to organize special science literacy-based activities, to create forum meetings with science literacy materials, to procure digital libraries and virtual laboratories, as well to propose various activities budgeted and disbursed by the Ministry of Religious Affairs of South Konawe. The findings suggest that developing science literacy at MAN 1 South Konawe is essential for its teachers and school’s own important significance in carrying out the biology lessons.
New aspects of the methodology of performing a scientific literature review in pedagogical research taking into account digitalization processes
Authors: Kolomiiets Alla , Gromov Ievgen 
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the study of new approaches to solving the urgent problem of increasing the efficiency of processing the source base of scientific research results in the field of social sciences, in particular Pedagogy, in modern conditions of expansion of the research opportunities spectrum due to digitalization. The authors give a comprehensive description and present a holistic juxtaposition comparison of the five most common types of scientific literature review in pedagogical science: narrative, systematic, semi-systematic, integrative, and meta-analysis based. Having analyzed the Ukrainian and foreign scientists’ works on the problem under investigation, the authors found out the peculiarities of the new methodology of searching and analyzing the results of existing pedagogical research. The purpose of the study was to develop methodological recommendations for the implementation of various strategies and approaches to the scientific literature review as an effective and fruitful research method in the study of educational problems. Researchers have proven that under the influence of digitalization processes, not only the paradigm of scientific research is gradually changing, but also significant changes are being made in the methodology of carrying out a scientific literature review. These positive changes have made the process much faster, more convenient and more accurate. Modern search tools allow a researcher to focus on analyzing the content of information, significantly reducing the technical burden associated with searching and organizing data.