bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Airway obstruction and inflammation on combined bronchoscopy in children with Down syndrome
Authors: Vielkind Monica , Wolter‐Warmerdam Kristine , Jackson Arwen , Maybee Jennifer , Brown Mark , Friedlander Joel , Friedman Norman , Hickey Francis , Prager Jeremy , Wine Todd , DeBoer Emily 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the upper and lower airway findings in children with Down syndrome and chronic respiratory symptoms, based on evaluation by flexible bronchoscopy (FB) with bronchoalveolar lavage and microlaryngoscopy with bronchoscopy (MLB).Study designA retrospective review was conducted of children with Down syndrome aged 1 month to 17 years, who underwent both FB and MLB within a 1‐year timeframe between 2010 and 2019 at Children's Hospital Colorado. Anatomic airway findings are reported as frequencies within the cohort. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) culture results, cell differential, and cytopathology are reported as frequencies or mean ± standard deviation. BALF results were compared between children with and without dysphagia documented on a recent swallow evaluation.ResultsOverall, 168 children with Down syndrome were included, with median age of 2.1 years (interquartile range: 0.9–5.1 years). At least one abnormal airway finding was recorded in 96% of patients and 46% had at least three abnormal findings. The most common findings included tracheomalacia (39% FB; 37% MLB), subglottic stenosis (35% MLB), pharyngomalacia (32% FB), and laryngomalacia (16% FB; 30% MLB). Comparison of BALF based on dysphagia status showed that children with dysphagia had more frequent cultures positive for mixed upper respiratory flora (76% vs. 47%, p = 0.004) and a higher percentage of neutrophils (20% vs. 7%, p = 0.006).ConclusionAbnormal findings for FB and MLB are common in children with Down syndrome and chronic respiratory symptoms, and performing the procedures together may increase the diagnostic yield.
Estimating and ranking the impact of human error roots on power grid maintenance group based on a combination of mathematical expectation, Shannon entropy, and TOPSIS
Authors: Tavakoli Mehdi , Nafar Mehdi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDue to the importance of electrical grid reliability, analysis and evaluation of human error in the maintenance of electrical networks should be also considered seriously. The root causes of these errors must be identified and prioritized to plan for human error reduction. One of the objectives of the present study is to identify and predict these roots for power transmission maintenance groups from organizational, job position, communication, individual, and supervision aspects along with the relationships between these factors. In particular, this paper demonstrates that supervisor behavior as an external factor has a significant effect on maintenance personnel error. For this reason, special attention has been paid to identifying and controlling human factors from a supervisory point of view in this study. This paper also provides a method for detecting the extent of the expected influence of these roots on each personnel, since human error has a random nature. This is done based on the law of mathematical expectation. Finally, a method is suggested to rank roots based on greater effectiveness and evaluate personnel with higher error expectations. The proposed method is a combination of intermediate methods, Shannon entropy, and technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). The origins of the four human errors between 2014 and 2018 related to the two experts of Fars Electricity Maintenance Contractor Company are compared by the proposed method.
Fundamental Models in the Light–Matter Interaction: Quantum Phase Transitions and the Polaron Picture
Authors: Liu Junpeng , Liu Maoxin , Ying Zu‐Jian , Luo Hong‐Gang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe light–matter interaction not only is ubiquitous in nature but also can be simulated in various artificial systems. Besides the tunability of artificial quantum systems, the experimental access to the ultra‐strong and even deep‐strong couplings has brought a regime with novel phenomenology. Theoretically the finding of the integrability for the quantum Rabi model (QRM) has attracted tremendous attention to the study of the QRM and its extensions which are fundamental models of the light–matter interaction. With the continuing enhancements of coupling strengths, a most fascinating phenomenon of these light–matter models is that they can exhibit few‐body quantum phase transitions (QPTs), while a full understanding of these QPTs is a challenge. The polaron picture is a method capable of analyzing these fundamental models in the entire coupling regime and extracting the essential physics behind the QPTs. A review of its extensive applications on the fundamental light–matter models is presented, with discussions on the phase diagrams and QPT‐related features. The universality of critical exponent of the anisotropic QRM as well as the possibility of QPTs in A2 terms are also addressed.
Robust repetitive control for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems
Authors: Zhou Lan , Jiang Fuxi , She Jinhua , Zhang Xian‐Ming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper presents an output‐feedback repetitive control method for a class of systems with nonlinearities, unknown state‐dependent uncertainties, and external disturbances. An additive‐state‐decomposition approach is used to decompose the system under study into a primary linear periodic system in charge of repetitive‐control tracking task and a secondary linearized system in charge of robustly stabilization task. Such a treatment not only significantly simplifies system analysis and controller design, but also provides an effective method to cope with the intrinsic constraints between tracking and disturbance rejection. Another attractive point lies in two aspects. On one hand, a periodic term from the nonlinearity in the plant is extracted to be treated in the primary system and the known plant information is used to design controller parameters, which greatly improves the disturbance rejection ability of the system. On the other hand, repetitive control gain, feedback control gain, and the observer gain are optimized through an optimization algorithm by introducing an index to evaluate the overall system performance. System stability criteria and design procedure are developed. Finally, a case study on the tracking control of a chuck‐piece system demonstrates the validity of the proposed method. Comparisons with some existing methods show that the proposed method achieves better performances in both signal tracking and disturbance rejection.
Bioscatter transport by tropical cyclones: insights from 10 years in the Atlantic basin
Authors: Van Den Broeke Matthew S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTropical cyclones (TCs) can transport birds and insects near their center of circulation. In this study, we examined the maximum altitude, area and density of the radar‐derived bioscatter signature across a set of 42 TC centers of circulation sampled from 2011 to 2020. All TC events contained at least one time when a bioscatter signature was present. More intense hurricanes with closed eyes typically had taller and denser bioscatter signatures, and sometimes larger areas dominated by bioscatter. This indicated a larger number of organisms within the circulation of more intense hurricanes, supporting the speculation that those storms were most likely to trap birds that do not want to risk flying through their eyewall thunderstorms. Larger and denser bioscatter signatures, indicating a larger number of birds, tend to occur when fall migration brings a large bird population to the Gulf and East Coasts where most storms were sampled. TC formation location was not related to bioscatter characteristics, but storms sampled in the Gulf of Mexico and Florida tended to have larger and denser bioscatter signatures.
Zn2+ Recognition for Pathogenesis of Pick's Disease via a Luminescent Test Kit
Authors: Ghosh Pritam , Pramanik Koushik , Paul Suparna , Dey Debanjan , Kumar Chandra Swapan , Kanti Mukhopadhyay Subhra , Chandra Murmu Naresh , Banerjee Priyabrata 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe pathogenesis of Pick's disease is feasible by detection of the elevated level of Zn2+ in the body fluids. This work aims towards developing a suitable chemosensor towards detection of Zn2+ in human urine specimen and inside eukaryotic cell line. Fluorescence “turn on” in the presence of Zn2+ makes the chemosensor suitable for its utility in Pick's disease diagnosis. Real urine sample analysis together within cell detection of Zn2+ was successful which leads towards the design and fabrication of a “ready‐to‐use” test kit for Zn2+ recognition from human urine specimen.
Vaccination anxiety when vaccinations are available: The role of existential concerns
Authors: Bodner Ehud , Bergman Yoav S. , Ben‐David Boaz , Palgi Yuval 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study examined how existential fears are related to COVID‐19 vaccination anxiety and followed the Terror Management Theory (TMT) by examining the contribution of two existential concerns, subjective nearness‐to‐death (SNtD) and death anxiety, to COVID‐19 vaccination anxiety during the first month of COVID‐19 vaccinations. Data were collected during January 2021, when Israel was in lockdown, from a convenience sample of 381 Jewish Israelis (M = 55.39, SD = 17.17). Participants completed questionnaires examining demographics, SNtD, death anxiety and COVID‐19 vaccination anxiety. A hierarchical regression analysis examined the connections between these variables and COVID‐19 vaccination anxiety while controlling for demographics and for receiving COVID‐19 vaccinations. In line with the hypotheses, SNtD and death anxiety were each positively associated with COVID‐19 vaccination anxiety, and death anxiety levels moderated the positive connection between SNtD and COVID‐19 vaccination anxiety, as this association was not significant for individuals with low death anxiety. The findings of this study provide preliminary evidence concerning the role of death anxiety in moderating the effect that SNtD has on COVID‐19 vaccination anxiety. These findings are in line with the TMT and justify further investigation and may be utilized in future research in order to address COVID‐19 vaccination anxiety more effectively.
Rational Design and Growth of MOF‐on‐MOF Heterostructures
Authors: Chai Lulu , Pan Junqing , Hu Yue , Qian Jinjie , Hong Maochun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMultiporous metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as a subclass of highly crystalline inorganic‐organic materials, which are endowed with high surface areas, tunable pores, and fascinating nanostructures. Heterostructured MOF‐on‐MOF composites are recently becoming a research hotspot in the field of chemistry and materials science, which focus on the assembly of two or more different homogeneous or heterogeneous MOFs with various structures and morphologies. Compared with one single MOF, the dual MOF‐on‐MOF composites exhibit unprecedented tunability, hierarchical nanostructure, synergistic effect, and enhanced performance. Due to the difference of inorganic metals and organic ligands, the lattice parameters in a, b, and c directions in the single crystal cells could bring about subtle or large structural difference. It will result in the composite material with distinct growth methods to obtain secondary MOF grown from the initial MOF. In this review, the authors wish to mainly outline the latest synthetic strategies of heterostructured MOF‐on‐MOFs and their derivatives, including ordered epitaxial growth, random epitaxial growth, etc., which show the tutorial guidelines for the further development of various MOF‐on‐MOFs.
Regulating the Self‐Discharge of Flexible All‐Solid‐State Supercapacitors by a Heterogeneous Polymer Electrolyte
Authors: Wang Xue , Liu Yanan , Li Huili , Lv Tian , Wan Jun , Dong Keyi , Chen Zilin , Chen Tao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSupercapacitors with high power density and an ultralong cyclic lifetime have been intensively investigated. However, the crucial challenge of their rapid self‐discharge process is often neglected in most cases. A heterogeneous interface formed between two layers of polymer electrolytes is designed, in which a polyanion and a polycation are added into a common matrix of polymer electrolyte, respectively. By using the heterogeneous polymer electrolyte (HPE) as the separator simultaneously, the resultant supercapacitors exhibit comparable electrochemical performance to that of devices based on traditional polymer electrolytes. The HPE‐based supercapacitors using both electric double‐layer capacitive and pseudocapacitive electrodes show at least one time longer self‐discharge time than that of devices based on homogenous polymer electrolyte, especially for the electrode in an electrolyte containing polyanion served as a positive pole during the charging process. Because of the same polymer matrix used, the heterojunction structure of the HPE exhibits excellent stability without obvious phase separation during thousands of charge/discharge and repeated bending cycles. This novel strategy by interface engineering of electrolyte to suppress the self‐discharge behavior of supercapacitors is very meaningful to promote their practical applications.
Single‐Step Fabrication of Polymeric Composite Membrane via Centrifugal Colloidal Casting for Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Jo Sunhee , Yoon Ki Ro , Lim Youngjoon , Kwon Taehyun , Kang Yun Sik , Sohn Hyuntae , Choi Sun Hee , Son Hae Jung , Kwon Sung Hyun , Lee Seung Geol , Jang Seung Soon , Lee So Young , Kim Hyoung‐Juhn , Kim Jin Young 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRecent interest in polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) for fuel cell systems has spurred the development of infiltration technology by which to insert ionomers into mechanically robust reinforcement structures by solution casting in order to produce a cost effective and highly efficient electrolyte. However, the results of the fabrication process often continue to present challenges related to the structural complexity and self‐assembly dynamics between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts of the constituents which in turn, necessitates additional processing steps and increases production costs. Here, a single‐step process is reported for highly compact polymeric composite membranes (PCMs), fabricated using a centrifugal colloidal casting (C3) method. Combined structural analyses as well as coarse‐grained molecular dynamics simulations are employed to determine the micro‐/macroscopic structural characteristics of the fabricated PCMs. These findings indicate that the C3 method is capable of forming highly dense ionomer matrix–reinforcement composites consisting of microphase‐separated ionomer structures with tailored crystallinity and ionic cluster sizes. An outcome that is very unlikely with the single‐step coating steps in conventional methods. These structural attributes ensure PCMs with better proton conductivity, greater strain stability, and lower gas crossover properties compared to commercial pristine membranes, expanding their possible range of applicability to PEMs.
Machine Learning Boosting the Development of Advanced Lithium Batteries
Authors: Liu Yangting , Zhou Qian , Cui Guanglei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLithium batteries (LBs) have many high demands regarding their application in portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and smart grids. Machine learning (ML) can effectively accelerate the discovery of materials and predict their performances for LBs, which is thus able to markedly enhance the development of advanced LBs. In recent years, there have been many successful examples of using ML for advanced LBs. In this review, the basic procedure and representative methods of ML are briefly introduced to promote understanding of ML by experts in LBs. Then, the application of ML in developing LBs is highlighted for the purpose of attracting more attention to this field. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of ML are noted for the further development of LBs. It is hoped that this review can shed light on the application of ML in developing LBs and boost the development of advanced LBs.
Modifizierte Kerbfunktionen für ein Trogbrückendetail nach dem Konzept der effektiven Kerbspannungen
Authors: Aigner Francesco , Fink Josef , Takács Patrik 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn einer ersten Veröffentlichung wurde für den Ermüdungsnachweis an dem geschweißten Detail mit zwei Längsnähten einer eingleisigen Eisenbahnbrücke mit Trogquerschnitt und einem 120 mm dicken Stahlgrobblech als Fahrbahndeck das Kerbspannungskonzept als geeignet beschrieben. Es wurden die Grundlagen für die Ermittlung der Kerbspannungen mittels FEM dargelegt, es wurde gezeigt, wie die Kerbfaktoren als Einzelergebnisse zu Funktionen zusammengefasst werden können, und es wurde eine von insgesamt neun Kerbfunktionen (sechs für die obere Schweißnaht, drei für die untere Schweißnaht) detailliert hergeleitet. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden für die obere Schweißnaht die übrigen fünf Kerbfunktionen und das Zusammenwirken der Schnittgrößen mitgeteilt und diskutiert. Anhand eines Beispiels wird die praktische Nachweisführung gezeigt. Für die Dimensionierung der Schweißnähte erweist sich der Ermüdungsnachweis für die Längsrichtung als das maßgebende Kriterium. Schließlich werden Hinweise für die Wahl der Schweißnahtdicken gegeben.
Ultrastructural and antimicrobial impacts of allyl isothiocyanate incorporated in cellulose, β‐cyclodextrin, and carbon nanotubes nanocomposites
Authors: Marques Clara Suprani , Dias Marali Vilela , Soares Nilda de Fátima Ferreira , Borges Soraia Vilela , de Oliveira Isadora Rebouças Nolasco , Pires Ana Clarissa dos Santos , Medeiros Eber Antônio Alves , Alves Eduardo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAntimicrobial nanobio packaging with controlled‐release of active compounds is one of the most promising versions of active packaging. In this study, the antimicrobial effect of allyl isothiocyanate (AIT), complexed or not with β‐cyclodextrin (βCD), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in cellulose films against Salmonella choleraesuis and Listeria innocua was investigated. Structural changes caused by AIT in bacteria were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), as well as changes in the surface of the films, which were analyzed by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The active films inhibited the growth of both bacteria and caused damage to the cell membrane. The presence of inclusion complex and CNTs resulted in structural changes in films, such as the formation of lumps and reduction of roughness, respectively. Complexation of AIT with βCD and the use of CNTs increased the retention of the antimicrobial agent, which is desired to promote its controlled diffusion and consequently increase the preservative action of the film. However, when considering the use of βCD inclusion complexes, caution is necessary to prevent detrimental changes in the films' surface.
A new gauge-invariant double copy for heavy-mass effective theory
Authors: Brandhuber Andreas , Chen Gang , Travaglini Gabriele , Wen Congkao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe propose a new form of the colour-kinematics/double-copy duality for heavy-mass effective field theories, which we apply to construct compact expressions for tree amplitudes with heavy matter particles in Yang-Mills and in gravity to leading order in the mass. In this set-up, the new BCJ numerators are fixed uniquely and directly written in terms of field strengths, making gauge invariance manifest. Furthermore, they are local and automatically satisfy the Jacobi relations and crossing symmetry. We construct these BCJ numerators explicitly up to six particles. We also discuss relations of the BCJ numerators in the heavy-mass effective theory with those in pure Yang-Mills amplitudes.
Algebraic branch points at all loop orders from positive kinematics and wall crossing
Authors: Herderschee Aidan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
There is a remarkable connection between the boundary structure of the positive kinematic region and branch points of integrated amplitudes in planar $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM. A long-standing question has been precisely how algebraic branch points emerge from this picture. We use wall crossing and scattering diagrams to systematically study the boundary structure of the positive kinematic regions associated with MHV amplitudes. The notion of asymptotic chambers in the scattering diagram naturally explains the appearance of algebraic branch points. Furthermore, the scattering diagram construction also motivates a new coordinate system for kinematic space that rationalizes the relations between algebraic letters in the symbol alphabet. As a direct application, we conjecture a complete list of all algebraic letters that could appear in the symbol alphabet of the 8-point MHV amplitude.
Distinct states of proinsulin misfolding in MIDY
Authors: Haataja Leena , Arunagiri Anoop , Hassan Anis , Regan Kaitlin , Tsai Billy , Dhayalan Balamurugan , Weiss Michael A. , Liu Ming , Arvan Peter 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA precondition for efficient proinsulin export from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is that proinsulin meets ER quality control folding requirements, including formation of the Cys(B19)–Cys(A20) “interchain” disulfide bond, facilitating formation of the Cys(B7)–Cys(A7) bridge. The third proinsulin disulfide, Cys(A6)–Cys(A11), is not required for anterograde trafficking, i.e., a “lose-A6/A11” mutant [Cys(A6), Cys(A11) both converted to Ser] is well secreted. Nevertheless, an unpaired Cys(A11) can participate in disulfide mispairings, causing ER retention of proinsulin. Among the many missense mutations causing the syndrome of MutantINSgene-induced Diabetes of Youth (MIDY), all seem to exhibit perturbed proinsulin disulfide bond formation. Here, we have examined a series of seven MIDY mutants [including G(B8)V, Y(B26)C, L(A16)P, H(B5)D, V(B18)A, R(Cpep + 2)C, E(A4)K], six of which are essentially completely blocked in export from the ER in pancreatic β-cells. Three of these mutants, however, must disrupt the Cys(A6)–Cys(A11) pairing to expose a critical unpaired cysteine thiol perturbation of proinsulin folding and ER export, because when introduced into the proinsulin lose-A6/A11 background, these mutants exhibit native-like disulfide bonding and improved trafficking. This maneuver also ameliorates dominant-negative blockade of export of co-expressed wild-type proinsulin. A growing molecular understanding of proinsulin misfolding may permit allele-specific pharmacological targeting for some MIDY mutants.
A comparative analysis of hot and cold flashless forging of a stepped shaft using vertically-parted dies
Authors: Bulzak Tomasz , Tomczak Janusz , Pater Zbigniew 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFlashless forging is classified as a precise metal forming technology. The main advantages of this technology are the reduction of the flash allowance and the shortening of the manufacturing time by eliminating the flash trimming operation. The article presents the process of one-step forging of a stepped shaft made of aluminum with the use of split dies. The process was carried out in cold and hot metal-forming conditions. The forging process was analyzed numerically using the Simufact Forming 15.0 software. The geometrical parameters of the obtained product were analyzed, and the distribution of effective strain, temperature, and the standardized cracking criterion was determined. The process force parameters were also determined. Numerical tests were verified in real conditions with the use of a specially designed device for forging in vertical split dies. Comparison of hot and cold forging in vertical split dies is presented. The comparative analysis results have demonstrated that the hot forging process has more advantages than the cold forging process. The hot forging process ensures higher accuracy of forged parts.