bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial and temporal resolution of a fast-response aerodynamic pressure probe in grid-generated turbulence
Authors: Heckmeier Florian M. , Hayböck Stefan , Breitsamter Christian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe spatial and temporal resolution of a fast-response aerodynamic pressure probe (FRAP) is investigated in a benchmark flow of grid-generated turbulence. A grid with a mesh size of$$M=6.4$$M=6.4mm is tested for two different free-stream velocities, hence, resulting in Reynolds numbers of$$Re_M= \{4300,12800\}$$ReM={4300,12800}. A thorough analysis of the applicability of the underlying assumptions with regard to turbulence isotropy and homogeneity is carried out. Taylor’s frozen turbulence hypothesis is assumed for the calculation of deducible flow quantities, like the turbulent kinetic energy or the dissipation rate. Furthermore, besides the examination of statistical quantities, velocity spectra of measurements downstream of the grid are quantified. Results of a small fast-response five-hole pressure probe equipped with piezo-resistive differential pressure sensors are compared to single-wire hot-wire constant temperature anemometry data for two different wire lengths. Estimates of temporal and spatial turbulent scales (e.g., Taylor micro scale and Kolmogorov length scale) show good agreement to data in the literature but are affected by filtering effects. Especially in the energy spectra, very high bandwidth content cannot be resolved by the FRAP, which is mainly due to bandwidth limits in the temporal calibration of the FRAP and the minimal resolution of the integrated sensors.Graphic abstract
Collegial Relationships
Authors: Betzler Monika , Löschke Jörg 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlthough collegial relationships are among the most prevalent types of interpersonal relationships in our lives, they have not been the subject of much philosophical study. In this paper, we take the first step in the process of developing an ethics of collegiality by establishing what qualifies two people as colleagues and then by determining what it is that gives value to collegial relationships. We argue that A and B are colleagues if both exhibit sameness regarding at least two of the following three features: (i) the same work content or domain of activity; (ii) the same institutional affiliation or common purpose; and/or (iii) the same status or level of responsibility. Moreover, we describe how the potential value of collegial relationships is grounded in the relationship goods that two colleagues have reason to generatequacolleagues, namely, collegial solidarity and collegial recognition. Two interesting conclusions that can be drawn from our analysis are that one has to be proficient at one’s work if one is to be considered a good colleague and that we are also more likely to be better colleagues if we regard the work we do as valuable. Finally, we draw special attention to the working conditions that are conducive to the generation of good collegial relationships and suggest some policies to promote them.
Exponential Attractors for the 3D Fractional-order Bardina Turbulence Model With Memory and Horizontal Filtering
Authors: Annese Michele , Bisconti Luca , Catania Davide 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe consider the 3D simplified Bardina turbulence model with horizontal filtering, fractional dissipation, and the presence of a memory term incorporating hereditary effects. We analyze the regularity properties and the dissipative nature of the considered system and, in our main result, we show the existence of a global exponential attractor in a suitable phase space.
Techno-regulation and intelligent safeguards
Authors: Zaccagnino Rocco , Capo Carmine , Guarino Alfonso , Lettieri Nicola , Malandrino Delfina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe growth of Internet and the pervasiveness of ICT have led to a radical change in social relationships. One of the drawbacks of this change is the exposure of individuals to threats during online activities. In this context, thetechno-regulationparadigm is inspiring new ways to safeguard legally interests by means of tools allowing to hamper breaches of law. In this paper, we focus on the exposure of individuals to specific online threats when interacting with smartphones. We propose a novel techno-regulatory approach exploiting machine learning techniques to provide safeguards against threats online. Specifically, we study a set of touch-based gestures to distinguish between underages or adults who is accessing a smartphone, and so to guarantee protection. To evaluate the proposed approach’s effectiveness, we developed an Android app to build a dataset consisting of more than 9000 touch-gestures from 147 participants. We experimented bothsingle-viewandmulti-viewlearning techniques to find the best combination of touch-gestures able of distinguishing between adults and underages. Results show that the multi-view learning combining scrolls, swipes, and pinch-to-zoom gestures, achieves the best ROC AUC (0.92) and accuracy (88%) scores.
Contextual liberalism: the ordoliberal approach to private vices and public benefits
Authors: Fritz Roland , Goldschmidt Nils , Störring Matthias 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article highlights the various sources that shaped the genesis of ordoliberalism. In the wake of the emerging project of neoliberalism, ordoliberals created a theory that contains a bundle of claims, which constitute the attempt to merge liberalism and its contextual embedding into a social philosophy that meets the requirements of both—economy and society. They were concerned with a new and properly interpreted liberalism. Not because they did not share the basic assumption of classical liberalism that individual self-interested action is the necessary driving force in advancing economic and social progress, but because they realized that individual action requires an embedding into a social and moral order to deliver public benefits. This insight proves to be the significant difference between ordoliberals of neoliberal facon and the exponents of classical liberalism: namely that the market economy operates based on prerequisites which it cannot itself guarantee. Regarding their very own historical context, this must be seen in light of their concern for the reconstruction of Western societies after the end of the totalitarian Nazi regime. The purpose of ordoliberalism has always been the “consciously shaped” economic order which manifests itself as humane and as functional. Moreover, if one understands ordoliberalism as contextual liberalism, it can also be significant for today’s discourse. In order to achieve this aspiration, ordoliberalism adopts a contextual approach. In particular, linkages can be drawn here to Constitutional Political Economy, and the interaction of these perspectives offer promising benefits for both “thinking-in-orders” traditions.
Investigating collaborative and mobility networks: reflections on the core missions of universities
Authors: Kosztyán Zsolt Tibor , Fehérvölgyi Beáta , Csizmadia Tibor , Kerekes Kinga 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGiven the significant role of universities in economic growth and social progress as well as the increasing demand for greater transparency regarding the use of public money, a valid assessment of university performance has become crucial for various stakeholders, including government, industry, funding agencies, and society at large.
Contemporary assessments still focus solely on universities’ properties, thereby failing to capture their network relations. To overcome this limitation, this paper proposes a multilayer network-based method to measure the embeddedness of universities in collaboration and mobility networks. This method has several advantages: first, it is relevant for HEIs’ core missions, introducing a new dimension complementary to the existing rankings; second, it is size invariant; and last but not least, it is fully transparent. The proposed multilayer network approach enables the integration of further networks, which creates opportunities for a more comprehensive assessment of universities’ performance in achieving their core missions.
Use of Different Process Gases for Manufacturing Isolating Alumina Coatings by Flame Spraying with Cords
Authors: Hauer Michél , Meyer Melanie , Billieres Dominique , Bricquet Cédric , Gerstgrasser Franz , Kiilakoski Jarkko , Lejay Julien , Henkel Knuth-Michael 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBesides conventional industrial demands, thermally sprayed coatings are increasingly used for innovative products. Such an application is the additive manufacturing of electrical components in automotive engineering. In particular, heating units are currently manufactured by a combination of various spray technologies. At present, simpler spraying processes like flame spraying are investigated with regard to their suitability as a future cost-effective alternative for fabricating isolating alumina coatings. In the present study, alumina cords were flame-sprayed using compressed air and argon as atomizing gases. The results demonstrate finely dispersed microstructures and a more regular and partially even higher surface and volume resistivity compared to past investigations in the literature as well as conventionally plasma-sprayed coatings despite a significantly reduced coating thickness. The content of alpha phase is clearly higher than for plasma-sprayed coatings, regardless of the atomizing gas used. Moreover, flame-sprayed coatings using argon reveal a higher resistivity in comparison to coatings sprayed with air. While the atomizing gas is found to mainly influence the ideal stand-off distance, the phase composition is not changed severely. In addition to the phase composition and kinematics, it can finally be concluded that humidity plays a major role in the coating properties.
Uptake and release of chromium and nickel by Vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty)
Authors: Chintani Yuanita Sekar , Butarbutar Erni Saurmalinda , Nugroho Andhika Puspito , Sembiring Tarzan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe effectiveness of using Vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides) in phytoremediation of wastewater has been proven. In this study, the phytoremediation potential of C. zizanioides planted in Cr- and Ni-contaminated soil was evaluated through investigating the behaviors on uptake and release of metals. Three treatments: control, Cr, and Ni, with three concentrations (50, 150, and 300 ppm), were applied. The potential of C. zizanioides is assessed by the determination of metal uptake rate, metal release rate, bioconcentration factor (BCF), biological absorption coefficient (BAC), and translocation factor (TF). The experiment showed that Cr uptake was higher than release rate and on the other hand low in uptake and release of Ni. Accumulation of Cr and Ni was 167.8 mg kg−1 and 66.3 mg kg−1, respectively. Excess of Cr in the soil was absorbed in high uptake rate making vetiver grass suitable for Cr phytoremediation. During 28-day uptake and 28-day release periods, it was found that BCF, BAC, and TF values in some treatments showed greater than 1 (one) and Ni-treated plants were able to translocate Ni to aerial plant parts supported by its high TF value. Low acidity of soil causes low solubility and low mobility of metals, resulting in low metal absorption. C. zizanioides has shown the potential as a heavy metal-tolerant species and could be potentially used as phytoremediation alternative species at least in lightly polluted areas.
Teaching Mathematics to Computer Scientists: Reflections and a Case Study
Authors: Neri Ferrante 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMathematics, despite being the foundation of computer science, is nowadays often considered a totally separate subject. The fact that many jobs in computer science do not explicitly require any specific mathematical knowledge posed questions about the importance of mathematics within computer science undergraduate curricula. In many educational systems, a prior high school knowledge of mathematics is often not a mandatory requirement to be enrolled into a degree of computer science. On the other hand, several studies report that mathematics is important to computer scientists since it provides essential analytical and critical skills and since many professional and research tasks in computer science require an in-depth understanding of mathematical concepts. From this assumption, this article proposes an analysis of the cohort of computer science’ students, with a specific reference to British Universities, and identifies some challenges that lecturers of mathematical subjects normally face. On the basis of this analysis this article proposes two teaching techniques to promote effective learning. The proposed techniques aim at addressing the diversity of cohorts in terms of mathematical background and skepticism from part of the cohort of students to consider mathematics as an essential element of their education. Numerical results indicate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed teaching techniques.
Cognitive differences among first-year and senior engineering students when generating design solutions with and without additional dimensions of sustainability
Authors: Hu Mo , Shealy Tripp , Milovanovic Julie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The research presented in this paper explores how engineering students cognitively manage concept generation and measures the effects of additional dimensions of sustainability on design cognition. Twelve first-year and eight senior engineering students generated solutions to 10 design problems. Half of the problems included additional dimensions of sustainability. The number of unique design solutions students developed and their neurocognitive activation were measured. Without additional requirements for sustainability, first-year students generated significantly more solutions than senior engineering students. First-year students recruited higher cortical activation in the brain region generally associated with cognitive flexibility, and divergent and convergent thinking. Senior engineering students recruited higher activation in the brain region generally associated with uncertainty processing and self-reflection. When additional dimensions of sustainability were present, first-year students produced fewer solutions. Senior engineering students generated a similar number of solutions. Senior engineering students required less cortical activation to generate a similar number of solutions. The varying patterns of cortical activation and different number of solutions between first-year and senior engineering students begin to highlight cognitive differences in how students manage and retrieve information in their brain during design. Students’ ability to manage complex requirements like sustainability may improve with education.
Timing and extent of Late Pleistocene glaciation in the Chugach Mountains, Alaska
Authors: Valentino Joshua D. , Owen Lewis A. , Spotila James A. , Cesta Jason M. , Caffee Marc W. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGeomorphic mapping, landform and sediment analysis, and cosmogenic10Be and36Cl ages from erratics, moraine boulders, and glacially polished bedrock help define the timing of the Wisconsinan glaciations in the Chugach Mountains of south-central Alaska. The maximum extent of glaciation in the Chugach Mountains during the last glacial period (marine isotope stages [MIS] 5d through 2) occurred at ~50 ka during MIS 3. In the Williwaw Lakes valley and Thompson Pass areas of the Chugach Mountains, moraines date to ~26.7 ± 2.4, 25.4 ± 2.4, 18.8 ± 1.6, 19.3 ± 1.7, and 17.3 ± 1.5 ka, representing times of glacial retreat. These data suggest that glaciers retreated later in the Chugach Mountain than in other regions of Alaska. Reconstructed equilibrium-line altitude depressions range from 400 to 430 m for late Wisconsinan glacial advances in the Chugach Mountains, representing a possible temperature depression of 2.1–2.3°C. These reconstructed temperature depressions suggest that climate was warmer in this part of Alaska than in many other regions throughout Alaska and elsewhere in the world during the global last glacial maximum.
With Frenemies Like These: Rising Power Voting Behavior in the UN General Assembly
Authors: Binder Martin , Lockwood Payton Autumn 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe rise of non-Western powers has led to competing claims about how these states act among each other and how they behave vis-à-vis established powers. Existing accounts argue that the rising powers are a heterogenous group of competing states and that they are socialized into the existing Western-centered order. This article challenges these claims, arguing that the rising powers are dissatisfied with the international status quo and that they have begun to form a bloc against the established powers. The authors contend that this dissatisfaction arises from their lack of influence on the international stage, their status in the international hierarchy and the norms that sustain the current international order. They maintain that the formation of a rising powers bloc is driven by the countries’ economic growth and international dynamics, fostering their institutionalization as IBSA (India, Brazil, South Africa) and BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa). To support this argument, the study combines spatial modeling techniques to analyze rising power voting behavior in the UN General Assembly over the period 1992–2011.
Implementing Partition: Proceedings of the Punjab Partition Committee, July–August, 1947
Authors: KHAN BANGASH YAQOOB 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article focuses on the workings of the Punjab Partition Committee in the crucial months of July and August 1947. In bringing new material to the historiography of partition, this article challenges the widely held assumption that the Punjab Partition Committee did not deliver. It argues that one must assess and value the large degree of cooperation and agreement between Punjab political leaders on the Committee, despite the charged political and communal atmosphere of the summer of 1947. Furthermore, it argues that the Committee created a limited sense of order during the disarray that prevailed in the run-up to the Transfer of Power. This order was brought about by the cooperation and work of the ‘middle tier’—the bureaucrats and other officials who are often missing from partition literature. The article shows the hard, bureaucratic—yet human—side of partition during these deliberations: at the same time as these people were carrying out partition, they were also suffering its effects. Finally, the Committee's negotiations show how the soon-to-be-established provinces and dominions were setting up their respective states through the procurement of assets and resources.
The roles of cognitive abilities and hearing acuity in older adults’ recognition of words taken from fast and spectrally reduced speech
Authors: Janse Esther , Andringa Sible J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPrevious literature has identified several cognitive abilities as predictors of individual differences in speech perception. Working memory was chief among them, but effects have also been found for processing speed. Most research has been conducted on speech in noise, but fast and unclear articulation also makes listening challenging, particularly for older listeners. As a first step toward specifying the cognitive mechanisms underlying spoken word recognition, we set up this study to determine which factors explain unique variation in word identification accuracy in fast speech, and the extent to which this was affected by further degradation of the speech signal. To that end, 105 older adults were tested on identification accuracy of fast words in unaltered and degraded conditions in which the speech stimuli were low-pass filtered. They were also tested on processing speed, memory, vocabulary knowledge, and hearing sensitivity. A structural equation analysis showed that only memory and hearing sensitivity explained unique variance in word recognition in both listening conditions. Working memory was more strongly associated with performance in the unfiltered than in the filtered condition. These results suggest that memory skills, rather than speed, facilitate the mapping of single words onto stored lexical representations, particularly in conditions of medium difficulty.
Cost-effective options for increasing consumption of under-consumed food groups and nutrients in the USA
Authors: Brauchla Mary , Fulgoni Victor L 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjective:To identify the most cost-effective options/contributors of under-consumed food groups and nutrients in the USA.Design:Twenty-four-hour dietary recall data were used for the dietary sources of under-consumed food groups and nutrients. Costs were estimated using USDA National Food Price Database 2001–2004 after adjustments for inflation using Consumer Price Index.Setting:National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013–2016.Participants:A total of 10 112 adults aged 19+ years.Results:Top five cost-effective options for food groups were apple and citrus juice, bananas, apples, and melons for fruit; baked/boiled white potatoes, mixtures of mashed potatoes, lettuce, carrots and string beans for vegetables; oatmeal, popcorn, rice, yeast breads and pasta/noodles/cooked grains for whole grain; and reduced-fat, low-fat milk, flavoured milk and cheese for dairy. Top five cost-effective sources of under-consumed nutrients were rice, tortillas, pasta/noodles/cooked grains, rolls and buns, and peanut butter–jelly sandwiches for Mg; grits/cooked cereals, low- and high-sugar ready-to-eat (RTE) cereal, rolls and buns, and rice for Fe; low- and high-sugar RTE cereals, rice, protein and nutritional powders, and rolls and buns for Zn; carrots, margarine, other red and orange vegetables, liver and organ meats, butter and animal fats for vitamin A; and citrus juice, other fruit juice, vegetable juice, mustard and other condiments, and apple juice for vitamin C.Conclusions:Apple/citrus juice, white potatoes/carrots, oatmeal, RTE cereals and milk were the most cost-effective food sources of multiple under-consumed food groups and nutrients and can help promote healthy eating habits at minimal cost.
ICESat‐2 Pointing Calibration and Geolocation Performance
Authors: Luthcke S. B. , Thomas T. C. , Pennington T. A. , Rebold T. W. , Nicholas J. B. , Rowlands D. D. , Gardner A. S. , Bae S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractICESat‐2 science requirements are dependent on the accurate real‐time pointing control (i.e., geolocation control) and postprocessed geolocation knowledge of the laser altimeter surface returns. Prelaunch pointing alignment errors and postlaunch pointing alignment variation result in large geolocation errors that must be calibrated on orbit. In addition, the changing sun‐orbit geometry causes thermal‐mechanical forced laser frame alignment variations at the orbit period and trends from days, weeks, and months. Early mission analysis computed precise postlaunch laser beam alignment calibration. The alignment calibration was uploaded to the spacecraft and enabled the pointing control performance to achieve 4.4 ± 6.0 m, a significant improvement over the 45 m (1 σ) mission requirement. Laser frame alignment calibrations are used to reduce the alignment bias and time variation, as well as the orbital variation contributions to geolocation knowledge error from 6 to 1.7 m (1 σ). Relative beam alignment of the six beams is calibrated and shown to contribute between 0.5 ± 0.1 m and 2.4 ± 0.2 m of remaining geolocation knowledge error. Independent geolocation assessment based on comparison to high‐resolution digital elevation models agrees well with the calibration geolocation error estimates. The analysis demonstrates the ICESat‐2 mission is performing far better than its geolocation knowledge requirement of 6.5 m (1 σ) after the laser frame alignment bias variation and orbital variation calibrations have been applied. Remaining geolocation error is beam dependent and ranges from 2.5 m for beam 6 to 4.4 m for beam 2 (mean + 1 σ).