bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal pooling of data for the reliable estimation of trait probability distributions
Authors: Botta‐Dukát Zoltán , Lukács Balázs András 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimFunctional diversity indices that summarize trait variation between organisms within communities are widely used tools in community ecology. Although intraspecific trait variation is often an important component of the total variation, traditional functional diversity indices neglect this component. Recently, Carmona et al. proposed a framework to overcome this limitation based on fitting trait probability distributions (TPDs). Unfortunately, this article does not contain any guidance on pooling data before fitting TPDs.InnovationReliable fitting of TPDs needs larger sample size than usually used. This larger sample size can be reached pooling of data comes from different localities. If the TPD is the same in these localities, pooling results in a more reliable estimation. Moreover, if pooled data represent different TPDs, the fitted distribution is an artefact. In this paper, we suggest an algorithm for the automated selection of optimal pooling. It is based on fitting Gaussian mixture models and model selection using Bayes information criterion (BIC).Main conclusionsThe new algorithm was able to select the optimal pooling of data, which is illustrated using artificial data. Analysis of field data examples showed that optimal pooling is often not obvious: both merging all data and analysing measurements from each locality separately might result in unreliable estimates.
Recommendations for improving dental care for dentate home‐based older people: A qualitative New Zealand study
Authors: Smith Lee , Smith Moira , Thomson W. Murray 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and objectiveA small number of national studies have explored the barriers to older people accessing dental care; however, to date none have investigated older people's recommendations for overcoming these barriers.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 40 dentate older people (65 years and over) who resided in New Zealand's Otago region and received home‐support. A joint inductive thematic analysis was undertaken, based on the constant comparative method.ResultsRecommendations for boosting community‐dwelling older people's access to dental care included publicly funding or subsiding the cost of dental care for older people, aligning the pension with the real cost of living, and making the environment at Work and Income less hostile and the emergency dental grant more readily available, making dental clinics more accessible, initiating domiciliary dental care, having mobile dental clinics visit neighbourhoods with high proportions of older people, as well as subsidised transport to the dental clinic. Other suggestions were having GPs, pharmacists and social workers emphasise oral health during appointments, along with dental education campaigns.ConclusionIn order to boost the rates of dental care access among older New Zealanders who receive home support, multiple structural changes are necessary, but these should primarily focus on reducing the cost and increasing accessibility.
Automated identification of glomeruli and synchronised review of special stains in renal biopsies by machine learning and slide registration: a cross‐institutional study
Authors: Wilbur David C , Smith Maxwell L , Cornell Lynn D , Andryushkin Alexander , Pettus Jason R 
Published: April 2021

AimsMachine learning in digital pathology can improve efficiency and accuracy via prescreening with automated feature identification. Studies using uniform histological material have shown promise. Generalised application requires validation on slides from multiple institutions. We used machine learning to identify glomeruli on renal biopsies and compared performance between single and multiple institutions.Methods and resultsRandomly selected, adequately sampled renal core biopsy cases (71) consisting of four stains each (haematoxylin and eosin, trichrome, silver, periodic acid Schiff) from three institutions were digitised at ×40. Glomeruli were manually annotated by three renal pathologists using a digital tool. Cases were divided into training/validation (n = 52) and evaluation (n = 19) cohorts. An algorithm was trained to develop three convolutional neural network (CNN) models which tested case cohorts intra‐ and inter‐institutionally. Raw CNN search data from each of the four slides per case were merged into composite regions of interest containing putative glomeruli. The sensitivity and modified specificity of glomerulus detection (versus annotated truth) were calculated for each model/cohort. Intra‐institutional (3) sensitivity ranged from 90 to 93%, with modified specificity from 86 to 98%. Interinstitutional (1) sensitivity was 77%, with modified specificity 97%. Combined intra‐ and inter‐institutional (1) sensitivity was 86%, with modified specificity 92%.ConclusionsFeature detection sensitivity degrades when training and test material originate from different sites. Training using a combined set of digital slides from three institutions improves performance. Differing histology methods probably account for algorithm performance contrasts. Our data highlight the need for diverse training sets for the development of generalisable machine learning histology algorithms.
SKILL, AGGLOMERATION, AND INEQUALITY IN THE SPATIAL ECONOMY
Authors: Farrokhi Farid 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper develops a spatial equilibrium model with skill heterogeneity and agglomeration forces that stem from local idea exchange. I structurally estimate the model using American census data to study policy effects on real wage inequality between and within college and noncollege workers. Using the estimated model, I find: (1) Skill composition and local spillovers, respectively, account for 30% and 70% of the city‐level relationship between productivity and employment. (2) Recent skill‐biased technological changes largely increased the welfare inequality between groups and within college workers. (3) Small transfers from larger to smaller cities may reduce inequality without changing aggregate welfare.
Leukemic stem cells shall be searched in the bone marrow before “tyrosine kinase inhibitor‐discontinuation” in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Ilhan Osman , Narli Ozdemir Zehra , Dalva Klara , Arslan Aysenur , Okay Ozgeyik Mufide , Ipek Senay , Saydam Guray , Haznedaroglu Ibrahim C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundLeukemic stem cells (LSCs) of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), persisting in the bone marrow (BM) niche, could be responsible for the relapses within the patients of whom the treatment‐free remission (TFR) had been attempted. We assessed the presence of the CML LSCs in the peripheral blood (PB) and concurrently in the BM in the patients with chronic‐phase CML (CP CML).Patients and MethodsThirty‐eight patients with CP CML were included into the study. CD45+/CD34+/CD38− cells with positive CD26 expression were considered as CML LSCs (CD26+ LSC) by using multiparameter flow cytometry (FCM).ResultsMean BCR‐ABL, PB LSC, and BM LSC were 58.528 IS (37.405‐83.414 IS), 237.5 LSC/μL (16‐737.5 LSC/μL), and 805 LSC/106 WBCs (134.6‐2470 LSC/106 WBCs), respectively, in newly diagnosed CML patients. In the patients with BCR‐ABL positive hematopoiesis, mean BCR‐ABL, PB LSCs, and BM LSCs were 30.09 IS (0.024‐147.690 IS), 13.5 LSC/μL (0‐248.7 LSC/μL) and 143.5 LSC/106 WBCs (9‐455.2 LSC/106 WBCs), respectively. No CML LSCs were detected in PB of patients who achieved deep molecular response (DMR). BM LSCs of the patients who were in DMR were 281.1 LSC/106 WBCs (3.1‐613.7 LSC/106 WBCs). The amount of PB LSCs was highest in patients with newly diagnosed CML (P < .001).ConclusionLSCs persisted in the BM of the patients with DMR, whereas there was no LSCs in the peripheral blood. The investigation of the CML LSCs in bone marrow before deciding TKI discontinuation could be justified to achieve and maintain stable TFR.
NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and caspase 1 (CASP1) modulation by intracellular Cl– concentration
Authors: Clauzure Mariángeles , Valdivieso Ángel G. , Dugour Andrea V. , Mori Consuelo , Massip‐Copiz María M. , Aguilar María Á. , Sotomayor Verónica , Asensio Cristian J. A. , Figueroa Juan M. , Santa‐Coloma Tomás A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe impairment of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) activity induces intracellular chloride (Cl–) accumulation. The anion Cl–, acting as a second messenger, stimulates the secretion of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), which starts an autocrine positive feedback loop. Here, we show that NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and caspase 1 (CASP1) are indirectly modulated by the intracellular Cl– concentration, showing maximal expression and activity at 75 mM Cl–, in the presence of the ionophores nigericin and tributyltin. The expression of PYD and CARD domain containing (PYCARD/ASC) remained constant from 0 to 125 mM Cl–. The CASP1 inhibitor VX‐765 and the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 completely blocked the Cl–‐stimulated IL‐1β mRNA expression and partially the IL‐1β secretion. DCF fluorescence (cellular reactive oxygen species, cROS) and MitoSOX fluorescence (mitochondrial ROS, mtROS) also showed maximal ROS levels at 75 mM Cl–, a response strongly inhibited by the ROS scavenger N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC) or the NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibitor GKT137831. These inhibitors also affected CASP1 and NLRP3 mRNA and protein expression. More importantly, the serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) inhibitor GSK650394, or its shRNAs, completely abrogated the IL‐1β mRNA response to Cl– and the IL‐1β secretion, interrupting the autocrine IL‐1β loop. The results suggest that Cl– effects are mediated by SGK1, in which under Cl– modulation stimulates the secretion of mature IL‐1β, in turn, responsible for the upregulation of ROS, CASP1, NLRP3 and IL‐1β itself, through autocrine signalling.
Traumatic and non‐traumatic dental presentations to the paediatric emergency departments of two UK children's hospitals: A multi‐centre evaluation
Authors: Heggie Claudia , Gallichan Nathalie , Gartshore Laura , Hartshorn Stuart , Messahel Shrouk , Clark Victoria , Albadri Sondos 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundDental attendances to paediatric emergency departments (PEDs) represent suboptimal use of resources of an unknown scale.AimTo evaluate dental attendances at two PEDs in the UK and compare traumatic dental injury (TDI) and non‐traumatic dental conditions (NTDCs).DesignRetrospective data were collected for a 12‐month period including demographics, attendance pattern, assessment, and management. Maxillofacial conditions were excluded, and attendances were grouped as TDI and NTDC.ResultsOf 667 attendances, 35.1% (n = 234) were TDI and 64.9% (n = 433) NTDC. Nineteen children reattended. Proportionately, more TDI attenders were male, White British, of lower mean age, and resided in less deprived areas than NTDCs. Over half (52.3%, n = 339) of attendees resided in the 10% most deprived UK areas. Saturday and Monday were modal attendance days; attendance peaked in summer. Over half (56.4%, n = 376) attended out of hours. A majority (74.8%, n = 499) self‐referred and half accessed no other service prior to PED attendance. No PED dental input was received for 38.7% (n = 258), and dental treatment was received for 12.4% (n = 83). Antibiotics were provided for 42.1% (n = 281), and 15.4% (n = 103) were admitted.ConclusionDental abscesses and toothache accounted for half of attendances, many of these children may be managed in primary care. Improved signposting to alternative dental services for non‐urgent conditions may better allocate resources to those with urgent need.
Global burden of non‐communicable diseases attributable to dietary risks in 1990–2019
Authors: Qiao Jie , Lin Xiling , Wu Yiwen , Huang Xin , Pan Xiaowen , Xu Jingya , Wu JunYun , Ren Yuezhong , Shan Peng‐Fei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundDietary risks have raised attention worldwide during recent decades. The present burden‐of‐disease study aimed to evaluate the global dietary risks for non‐communicable diseases (NCDs) from 1990 to 2019 and quantify their impact on mortality and disability‐adjusted life‐years (DALYs). Data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study on deaths and DALYs from NCDs attributable to worldwide dietary risks were obtained and underwent deep analysis by year, age, gender, location, leading risks and leading causes, and their associations were examined. The socio‐demographic index (SDI) was used as an indicator of national socio‐economic status, as well as the relationships between age‐standardised rates of deaths or DALYs and socio‐economic status.ResultsIn 2019, 7.9 million deaths and 187.7 million DALYs were attributable to dietary risk factors. High intake of sodium and low intake of whole grains and fruits were leading dietary risks for deaths and DALYs worldwide. However, both indices showed a decreasing trend by year, an increase by age and a higher disease burden in males. The main distribution of dietary‐related NCDs was located in highly populated countries. A negative association between the SDI and disease burden and a positive association between the SDI and male preponderance were found.ConclusionsDietary risk factors for NCDs increased significantly and varied across regions during 1990–2019. Therefore, greater efforts are needed to raise public awareness of interventions and improve dietary practices aiming to reduce the disease burden caused by suboptimal dietary intake, especially in developing countries and among males.
Unconventional Monetary Policy and Auction Cycles of Eurozone Sovereign Debt
Authors: SPRONSEN J.J.M. VAN , BEETSMA R.M.W.J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe provide evidence that the European Central Bank (ECB's) unconventional monetary policy dampens yield cycles in secondary markets for Eurozone sovereign debt around new sovereign debt auctions. This dampening effect tends to be larger when market volatility is higher. Cycles caused by domestic auctions and the role of market volatility are largest for countries with low credit ratings. Auctions by these countries also generate significant auction cycles in other countries. Such cycles can have a nonnegligible effect on debt‐servicing costs, but these can be limited through central bank purchases in turbulent periods, debt issuance in tranquil periods, and coordination of national auction calendars.
Recognition and the development potential of mobile shopping of customized cosmetic on untact coronavirus disease 2019 period: Focused on 40's to 60's women in Seoul, Republic of Korea
Authors: Lee Jinkyung , Kwon Ki Han 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundOur research results will be helpful in the development of the K‐beauty customized cosmetics industry as well as consumers who are having difficulty in purchasing cosmetics due to the rapid transition to a non‐face‐to‐face society due to COVID‐19.ObjectivesThis paper attempted to investigate the recognition and development potential of customized cosmetics, focusing on mobile shopping in the era of COVID‐19 untact period.MethodsThe women included in the study consumer Seoul residence in the mobile shopping experience 40–60 targets for women 380 were the people. Statistical processing of data collected by the data analysis method is analyzed using the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) WIN25.0 statistical package program through the process of data coding and data cleaning.ResultsAs the untact era enters, the frequency of using non‐face‐to‐face mobile shopping for customized cosmetics is increasing, and it is believed to be deeply related to the level of interest in skin and recognition of customized cosmetics, such as the use of hands‐on apps that incorporate new technologies of the 4th industrial revolution. Looking at the Kaiser–Meyer‐Olkin to confirm the normality and validity of the population proved its validity. January 2020 (after COVID‐19 spread), the use of mobile shopping was increased. In the future, it was significantly higher to continue shopping for cosmetics using mobile devices p < 0.001.ConclusionThe present study focused on the recognition and development potential of customized cosmetics on mobile shopping in the era of COVID‐19 untact period. Our results suggested that the possibility of developing customized cosmetics through mobile shopping in the untact era after COVID‐19 will be endless, and it is believed that various marketing strategies will be supported in the future.
Better to brag: Underestimating the risks of avoiding positive self‐disclosures in close relationships
Authors: Chan Todd , Reese Zachary A. , Ybarra Oscar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveCapitalization, or disclosing positive news in close relationships, is interpersonally and intrapersonally beneficial and expected by relational partners. Why do some individuals avoid capitalizing? How do close relational partners react when they later discover that positive news was not directly disclosed to them?MethodWe conducted nine correlational and experimental studies using vignettes and recalled events (N = 2,177).ResultsWe find that individuals who are concerned about being seen as braggarts tend to avoid capitalizing with their close relationships even when it is likely their partner would ultimately learn of the news. Yet this concern may be relatively unwarranted and these individuals show a forecasting error: They overestimate how negatively their partner would react to disclosure and predict that their partner would react more positively if they discovered the news through external means. However,they neglect to predict that partners who later learn of the news and realize they were not disclosed toward in fact feel devalued. We discuss how this concern with bragging is linked to decreased extraversion, perspective taking, and empathy.ConclusionsUniquely in close relationships, being concerned about bragging may elicit negative relational outcomes, by hindering the positive self‐disclosures that one's partners expect.
Risk factors associated with use of coercive practices in adult mental health inpatients: A systematic review
Authors: Beames Lewys , Onwumere Juliana 
Published: April 2021

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

Coercive practices such as restraint (physically holding a person) or seclusion (containing a person in locked room) are frequently used in mental health care.

How often and which specific practices are used is not consistent across different healthcare systems, hospitals or wards.

Internationally, there is agreement on the need to monitor and reduce the use of coercive practices.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

The reviewed evidence suggests a number of different factors affect a person's risk of experiencing coercive practices, while admitted to a mental health ward.

However, there is currently not enough high‐quality research evidence to say which factors are most important or how they work to influence the likelihood of a person experiencing coercive practice.

What are the implications for practice?

When carrying out risk assessments, mental health professionals must take into account that a number of different factors are important and explore these with the patient.

Care plans aimed at minimizing the use of coercive practices, such as restraint, must be personalized and developed with the individual.

AbstractIntroductionCoercive practices, such as physical restraint and seclusion, are a common feature of all mental healthcare systems. However, there is considerable variation in their use, concern about their iatrogenic potential and agreement internationally on the need to monitor and reduce their use.AimsTo examine the evidence concerning risk factors associated with use of coercive practices in adults admitted to inpatient psychiatric services.MethodA systematic review, consistent with PRIMSA guidelines, of four databases (PsychINFO, Medline, CINHAL and Embase). Peer‐reviewed, English language articles from database inception to February 2020 were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies.ResultsTwenty studies met inclusion criteria. Risk factors examined in the studies organized around four categories: patient socio‐demographic; patient clinical; staff; and organizational factors. Overall, methodological quality of papers was deemed weak, and there was insufficient evidence to support any singular risk factor.DiscussionThe reviewed evidence suggests risk of coercive practice in inpatient mental health settings is multifactorial. Further research to standardize concept definitions and elucidate the mechanisms behind variance in use is required.Implications for PracticeAssessment of patients at risk of coercive practice must take a multifactorial approach.
Validation of Direct Boiling Method for Simple and Efficient Genomic DNA Extraction and PCR‐based Macroalgal Species Determination
Authors: Shin Sook Kyung , Lee Yeonhui , Kwon Hayoung , Rhee Jae‐Sung , Kim Jang Kyun 
Published: April 2021

A rapid, simple, and cost‐effective total DNA extraction method referred to as a direct boiling method for PCR‐based algal species determination was validated using representative species of green, brown, and red algae. Each sample was briefly minced in two buffers, Tris‐EDTA (TE) or PCR buffer, and transferred to a heat block for boiling at 98°C for 5 min. No detergent was used in this experiment. The entire DNA isolation procedure was completed within 10 min. After brief centrifugation, the supernatant was directly used as a template for PCR. As a result, all genomic DNA markers were successfully amplified and sequenced from each algal taxon. Regardless of DNA quality, the direct boiling method is very suitable to identify unknown species of algae from a large amount of samples in a limited time and can be applied broadly to routine seasonal or annual monitoring of algae. DNA from an Undaria pinnatifida sporophyte, however, was not successfully extracted by this direct boiling method, probably due to a high concentration of polysaccharides.