bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Merkel cell carcinoma in situ: A systematic review of prognosis and management
Authors: Truong Kelvin , Goldinger Simone M , Chou Shaun , Howle Julie R , Veness Michael J , Fernandez‐Peñas Pablo , Varey Alexander H R 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundMerkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare primary cutaneous neuroendocrine tumour. While dermally invasive MCC is known to have a five‐year survival of only 30‐40%, the prognosis and management of MCC in situ (MCCis) is not widely reported.ObjectiveWe present a systematic review to elucidate the prognosis and management of MCCis.MethodsWe performed a systematic review, searching three databases to 01 June 2021. Case reports, cohort studies, clinical trials and literature reviews were considered for inclusion.ResultsWe identified 26 cases of MCCis published in the literature with a median age of 74 years and involving 19 males and 7 females. Most cases were on the face and neck (n = 17), followed by upper limb (n = 8) and lower limb (n = 1). Sentinel lymph node biopsy was performed in three patients, and all were negative. One subject underwent adjuvant radiotherapy. No MCCis‐associated deaths were reported.ConclusionThis review suggests that MCCis has an excellent prognosis with minimal, if any, risk of mortality and a very low risk of dermal invasion and recurrence when treated with wide local excision alone. Sentinel lymph node biopsy is unlikely to be useful for MCCis.
A Mystery in the Archives: The Historiography of Denial, Henrietta Schmerler's Rape and Murder, and Anthropology's Project of Prevention
Authors: Steffen Megan 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT In July 1931, a young student of anthropology at Columbia University named Henrietta Schmerler was raped and murdered while researching the White Mountain Apache in Arizona. Although anthropologists have for decades repeated a received narrative that uses idealized fieldwork tropes to blame Schmerler for her own rape and murder, a careful historiographical analysis reveals most scholarly work on Schmerler's case relies on archival sources that have been deliberately censored or else on unfounded assertions about Apache culture. By investigating Schmerler's death and treating historical archives as crime scenes, this article demonstrates how archival restrictions have prevented an honest, evidence‐based reckoning with the legacies of American anthropology's founding figures, untangles the origins of anthropology's belief that rape in the field can be prevented, and argues that the denial Franz Boas, Ruth Benedict, Margaret Mead, and Gladys Reichard display upon hearing that an Indigenous person might have raped and murdered Schmerler still haunts anthropology today. [history of anthropology, sexual violence, archival research, denial, Boasian anthropology]
Training the trainers: Finding new educational opportunities in the virtual world
Authors: Baessler Franziska , Sartorius Norman , Javed Afzal , Tasman Allan , Coskun Bulent , Frydecka Dorota , Kazakova Olga , Sampogna Gaia , Zhabenko Olena , Koelkebeck Katja , Hepdurgun Cenan , Zafar Ali , Fiorillo Andrea 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has disrupted scientific gatherings and conferences, opening up opportunities for virtual learning platforms. Realizing the potential of online academic exchanges, the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) also developed virtual avenues and information systems for capacity building of mental health professionals across the world. Among its first such initiatives, the WPA organized a virtual Train the Trainers workshop, where 123 psychiatrists, psychiatric trainees, and educators from 45 countries participated. The innovative and interactive workshop allowed participants to get to know each other, exchange educational and professional experiences, and ask questions or receive advice from experts. Keynote speakers, including WPA President Prof. Afzal Javed and Prof. Norman Sartorius, stressed upon the importance of finding innovative solutions in psychiatry training and the need to improve teaching and training in the field of psychiatry, especially in the provision of leadership and communication skills. Online training methods can provide easy access to academics and students while reducing the organizational and logistical costs. They have the potential to improve educational equality and allow the voice of the underprivileged scientists to be heard across the globe. The devastating impact on access to mental health services during COVID‐19 underscores the urgent need for online training, particularly in countries where the ratio of psychiatrists to patients is inadequate and doctors concentrate more on treatment than on research and education. Virtual educational interventions could prove incredibly useful in the future just as they are being successfully utilized in local and regional contexts during the pandemic.
Student experiences of the COVID‐19 pandemic: Perspectives from first‐generation/lower‐income students and others
Authors: Kiebler Jessica M. , Stewart Abigail J. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTTwenty‐eight University of Michigan students (12 first‐generation/low‐income and 16 from more educated, affluent families) were invited online to provide open‐ended responses and photographs representative of their experiences during COVID‐19, in a modified Photovoice approach. Given the literature, we expected that cultural mismatch, class stereotypes, and relative deprivation would be relevant features of the accounts of self‐identified first‐generation/lower‐income students’ experience, in contrast to their peers. Using thematic analysis, three themes differentiated the written accounts of the experiences of the two groups of students: changed environmental demands, comparison to similar or different other students, and change or continuity in the availability of institutional support. Both groups of students shared concerns about issues with mental health, and concern for family. While first‐generation/lower‐income students reported that they experienced less access to space and quiet for their schoolwork, their counterparts reported that their conditions for studying were better. Additionally, when comparing themselves to others, first‐generation students mentioned their best guesses about the experiences of more affluent students, while nonfirst‐generation students tended to compare themselves to those like themselves. Finally, while nonfirst‐generation students wrote of continued institutional support and dedication to schoolwork, first‐generation students reported having fewer resources for academic success.
Sexual orientation and gender influence perceptions of disciplinary fit: Implications for sexual and gender diversity in STEM
Authors: Palmer Lindsay , Matsick Jes L. , Stevens Samantha M. , Kuehrmann Emily 
Published: December 2021

AbstractScience, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) represent a highly valued academic discipline and career path in the 21st century; yet some individuals are excluded or discouraged from pursuing STEM because of their social group membership. Despite decades of research on social identity and fit within STEM (e.g., by gender and race), the psychological literature on issues within STEM based on sexual orientation is scant. We draw on notions of false dichotomies (i.e., social versus technical, personal versus professional, and subjectivity and interpretivism versus objectivity and positivism) to theorize how gender and sexual orientation influence perceived congruity with STEM as well as the Humanities. In the current study, we randomly assigned heterosexual participants (N = 318, Mage = 40, 52% women, 74% White) to rate one of five target groups (lesbian women, gay men, heterosexual women, heterosexual men, scientists) in terms of their perceived overlap with STEM and Humanities. We also assessed differences between target groups in terms of being rated as communal, agentic, and scientific. Results indicated that participants perceived lesbian women and gay men as less close to STEM than heterosexual men because they perceived lesbian and gay people as less agentic. In contrast, participants perceived lesbian women and gay men as closer to the Humanities than heterosexual men because they perceived lesbian and gay people as more communal. Drawing from these findings, we emphasize the profound implications of academic exclusion for lesbian and gay individuals.
“Medicine Is Not Business, Health Is Not a Commodity, Physicians Are Not Salesmen!” Clinical Labor and Ukraine’s Health Reform
Authors: Nading Maryna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn 2017, the Ukrainian Parliament approved a bill that marked the start of long‐awaited health care reform. Yet it met opposition from the Trade Union of Health Care Workers, which organized a mass protest against the proposed reform. I argue that the union’s resistance can be understood as an accrual of insecurity experienced by providers of clinical labor in Ukraine’s changing health sector in the last several decades. Although no comprehensive overhaul of the health care system had taken place until 2017, there have been changes on the level of everyday practice; these changes have left health care providers disillusioned about the commitment and expertise of politicians to effect positive change in the health sector, forced them to combine several lines of work to generate enough income, and have left them and their patients vulnerable to the market. Supporters of the union found that the language of the reform lacked a commitment to social protections, and instead it focused on poor health indicators, eliminating inefficiencies, cost‐saving mechanisms, and physicians’ failures in providing quality care. Trade union demands have attempted to refocus the narrative by drawing attention to the difficult conditions faced by clinical labor in Ukraine and the need to recommit to health care as a human right.
'I don't sleep through the night': Qualitative study of sleep in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Carreon Samantha A. , Cao Viena T. , Anderson Barbara J. , Thompson Deborah I. , Marrero David G. , Hilliard Marisa E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsIndividuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) experience greater sleep disturbances than people without diabetes. However, the nature, causes and effects of sleep disruption in individuals with T1D and their family are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to explore and characterise the perspectives of parents, partners and individuals with diabetes about T1D‐related sleep issues.MethodsParticipants included 44 youth and adults with T1D (ages 9–69), 24 parents of youth with T1D, and 14 partners of adults with T1D, recruited from diabetes clinics at two academic medical centres in the Southwestern and Midwestern United States. Semi‐structured qualitative interviews were transcribed verbatim, coded and analysed using hybrid thematic analysis.ResultsWe identified two central themes: Emotional Distress and Sleep Disruption. Each theme had multiple subthemes, and the two central themes were related to one another via a shared subtheme, Worry Impacting Sleep.ConclusionsComplex T1D‐related emotional and behavioural factors both contributed to and resulted from sleep difficulties. Diabetes care providers should routinely assess for sleep concerns in people with T1D and their parents and partners. It may be important to consider both diabetes‐related causes of sleep disruptions and potential impacts on self management and emotional functioning.
Predictive power of diastolic parameters on medical cardioversion success in acute atrial fibrillation
Authors: Yasan Mustafa , Savas Goktug , Karabiyik Ugur , Cetin Murat , Cetinkaya Zeki , Bucak Halil Murat , Kalay Nihat , Ozdogru İbrahim , Oguzhan Abdurrahman 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground: Diastolic function assessment has been reported to provide valuable data in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of diastolic parameters on predicting the effectiveness of medical cardioversion in restoring sinus rhythm among patients with acute AF.Methods: 40 non‐valvular, new onset AF patients were included. All participants received an intravenous infusion of amiodarone. In patients whom sinus rhythm could not be restored with amiodarone, an electrical cardioversion was performed. Two groups, patients who achieved sinus rhythm with amiodarone (Group‐1) and who failed to achieve sinus rhythm with amiodarone (Group‐2) were compared with respect to initial echocardiographic measurements.Results: Group‐1 patients were younger comparing with Group‐2 (mean age; 54.4 ± 13.9 years vs 63.3 ± 10.3 years, p = 0.028). Comparing with Group‐1, Group‐2 patients had; a higher left atrium volume index (17.1 ± 4.8 cm3/ m2 vs 22.6 ± 6.6 cm3/ m2, p = 0.03); a shorter pulmonary vein S (49.6 ± 3.8 cm/sec vs 41.1 ± 3.0 cm/sec, p < 0.001); and a shorter pulmonary vein D peak velocity (55.9 ± 2.4 cm/sec vs 52.3 ± 1.8 cm/sec, p < 0.001). Moreover, both IVRT and DT were significantly shorter in Group‐2, comparing with Group‐1 (45.1 ± 2.1 msec vs 51.1 ± 2.5 msec, p < 0.001 and 51.3 ± 2.4 msec vs 56.5± 3.2 msec, p < 0.001, respectively).Conclusion: The present study revealed that admission pulmonary vein S and D wave peak velocities, IVRT, DT, and Pro‐BNP levels could be predictors of failure of medical cardioversion among AF patients.
The value of atrial electromechanical delay in predicting atrial fibrillation development after coronary artery bypass surgery
Authors: Taner Temmuz , Pala Arda Aybars , Camci Sencer , Turk Tamer , Ari Hasan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivePredicting postoperative atrial fibrillation (PoAF) in the preoperative period will provide a serious advantage in preventing the morbidity and mortality associated with this arrhythmia and in planning the treatment. In this study, we investigated the value of atrial electromechanical delay (AEMD) in predicting the development of PoAF.MethodsA total of 93 patients who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) operation were included in this prospective study. Patients' demographic characteristics, laboratory parameters, echocardiographic data, and AEMD durations that could be measured by the co‐use of electrocardiography and echocardiography were recorded. The patients at sinus rhythm during the postoperative period were identified as “Group 1”, and those who developed PoAF were identified as “Group 2”.ResultsPoAF incidence was 26.88% (n = 25). Left ventricle (LV) lateral AEMD, LV medial AEMD, right ventricle lateral AEMD, and left atrium (LA) lateral AEMD durations of Group 2 were significantly higher than Group 1 (p < 0.001, p = 0.004, p = 0.004, p < 0.001; respectively). In Univariate Logistic Regression Analysis, the age, hypertension, LA maximum volume, LA lateral AEMD and pulmonary artery pressure were significantly associated with PoAF development (p = 0.01, p = 0.004, p = 0.004, p = 0.001, p = 0.01; respectively). However, only LA lateral AEMD was found as an independent predictive factor for the development of PoAF in the Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis (OR:1.03, 95% CI:1.001–1.06, p = 0.04). AUC was .741 for LA lateral AEMD in ROC Curve Analysis (95% CI: .633–.849, p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe development of PoAF can be predicted by AEMD durations measured in the preoperative period in patients undergoing isolated CABG.
Impact of inter‐vendor variability on evaluation of left ventricular mechanical dispersion
Authors: Appadurai Vinesh , Scalia Gregory M. , Lau Katherine , Chamberlain Robert , Edwards Natalie , Bushell Hannah , Scalia William , Tomlinson Stephen , Hamilton‐Craig Christian , Chan Jonathan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeLeft ventricular mechanical dispersion (LVMD) is a novel speckle tracking parameter for prognostic assessment of arrhythmic risk prediction. There is growing evidence to support its use in a variety of cardiomyopathic processes. There is paucity of data addressing any presence of inter‐vendor discrepancies for LVMD. The aim of this study was to assess inter‐vendor variability of LVMD in vendor specific software (VSS) and vendor independent software (VIS) in subjects with preserved and reduced left ventricular function.MethodsFifty‐nine subjects (14 normal subjects and 45 subjects with cardiac disease) were recruited and 2D speckle tracking echocardiographic images were acquired on two different ultrasound machines (GE and Philips). LVMD was measured by two different VSS (EchoPac GE and QLAB Philips) and one VIS (TomTec Arena).ResultsThere was significant bias and wide limits of agreement (LOA) in the overall cohort observed between two different VSS (17.6 ms; LOA: ‐29.6 to 64.8; r: .47). There was acceptable bias and narrower LOA with good agreement for LVMD between images obtained on different vendors when performed on VIS (‐3.1 ms; LOA: ‐27.6 to 21.4; r: .75). QLAB LVMD was consistently higher than GE LVMD and TomTec LVMD in both preserved and reduced left ventricular function. LVMD measurements have high intra‐vendor reproducibility with excellent inter and intra‐observer agreement.ConclusionsThere was acceptable bias and narrower LOA for LVMD assessment on a VIS. Inter‐vendor variability exists for LVMD assessment between VSS. Serial measurements of LVMD should be performed using a single vendor for consistent and reliable results.
The Mortality/Growth ratio of larval fish and the slope of the zooplankton size‐spectrum
Authors: Suthers Iain M. , White Zoe , Hinchliffe Charles , Falster Daniel S. , Richardson Anthony J. , Everett Jason D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPredicting recruitment remains a fundamental problem in fisheries science. The Mortality/Growth ratio (M/G) of larval fish summarizes the competing rates of M and G in relation to cohort survival and potential recruitment. The larval cohort biomass initially declines after spawning (M > G) until transition (M/G = 1), after which the cohort may grow in biomass (M < G). A major challenge is to obtain routine fine‐scale measurements of M/G and integrate them over broad scales. Here, we propose the M/G size‐spectrum hypothesis, whereby the M/G ratio of larval fish is correlated with the slope (S) of the zooplankton size‐frequency distribution. S represents the tension between faster and more efficient growth (flatter S) and mortality (steeper S) among particles the size of larval fish. S is explicitly driven by the ratio of mortality to growth of zooplankton, and the range of published values of S (−0.4 to −2) is consistent with M/G ratios reported for larval fish. As S can be measured at fine and large spatial scales using towed optical plankton counters, the M/G size‐spectrum hypothesis provides a context to help quantify the recruitment potential of larval fish.
The mother domain: Mediated model of maternal gatekeepers and depressed fathers among newlyweds with children
Authors: Thomas Clare R. , Holmes Erin K. , Shafer Kevin , Yorgason Jeremy 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo understand how the marriage relationship is related to paternal depression and maternal gatekeeping perceptions.BackgroundPaternal depression is an understudied topic, and research connecting it to maternal gatekeeping is still in its infancy. Research has found that the marriage relationship can be associated with both depression and maternal gatekeeping. This study focuses on how these three areas are related.MethodA subsample of the the Couple Relationships and Transition Experiences project was used including 507 couples, or 1014 married parents. Two separate structural equation modeling mediational models were tested to examine father depression as a predictor of maternal gatekeeping, with marital instability as the mediator in one model and partner connectedness as the mediator in the other. Both parent reports were used for maternal gatekeeping, marital instability, and partner connectedness.ResultsNo direct association between father depression and maternal gatekeeping was found, nor did partner connectedness mediate this relationship. However, father depression was associated with maternal reports of marital instability and, in turn, mother reports of maternal gatekeeping.ConclusionThese mixed findings suggest a need for future longitudinal research to better understand the nature of the relationship between father depression and maternal gatekeeping.ImplicationsThese results suggest that therapists and researchers examine father depression through a wholistic family lens, acknowledging potential indirect effects associated with paternal depression, and the importance of assessing partner connectedness.
Survival of climate warming through niche shifts: Evidence from frogs on tropical islands
Authors: Labisko Jim , Bunbury Nancy , Griffiths Richard A. , Groombridge Jim J. , Chong‐Seng Lindsay , Bradfield Kay S. , Streicher Jeffrey W. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHow will organisms cope when forced into warmer‐than‐preferred thermal environments? This is a key question facing our ability to monitor and manage biota as average annual temperatures increase, and is of particular concern for range‐limited terrestrial species unable to track their preferred climatic envelope. Being ectothermic, desiccation prone, and often spatially restricted, island‐inhabiting tropical amphibians exemplify this scenario. Pre‐Anthropocene case studies of how insular amphibian populations responded to the enforced occupation of warmer‐than‐ancestral habitats may add a valuable, but currently lacking, perspective. We studied a population of frogs from the Seychelles endemic family Sooglossidae which, due to historic sea‐level rise, have been forced to occupy a significantly warmer island (Praslin) than their ancestors and close living relatives. Evidence from thermal activity patterns, bioacoustics, body size distributions, and ancestral state estimations suggest that this population shifted its thermal niche in response to restricted opportunities for elevational dispersal. Relative to conspecifics, Praslin sooglossids also have divergent nuclear genotypes and call characters, a finding consistent with adaptation causing speciation in a novel thermal environment. Using an evolutionary perspective, our study reveals that some tropical amphibians have survived episodes of historic warming without the aid of dispersal and therefore may have the capacity to adapt to the currently warming climate. However, two otherwise co‐distributed sooglossid species are absent from Praslin, and the deep evolutionary divergence between the frogs on Praslin and their closest extant relatives (~8 million years) may have allowed for gradual thermal adaptation and speciation. Thus, local extinction is still a likely outcome for tropical frogs experiencing warming climates in the absence of dispersal corridors to thermal refugia.
A comparative assessment of migrant and indigenous entrepreneurs on regional development: A case of Odisha, India
Authors: Sarangi Subrat , Renin Singh R. K. , Kar Brajaballav 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe paper aims to compare the relative influence of migrant and indigenous entrepreneurs on regional development in the eastern state of Odisha in a developing country like India. The data is based on ownership across 30 districts and ten different sectors for small and medium businesses. It is modeled on economic indicators such as Net District Domestic Product (NDDP) and employment generation at the district level. One‐way ANOVA and multiple linear regression on the data set suggest that ownership pattern influences development indices differently, hence having policy‐level implications based on the goals to be achieved. While migrant entrepreneurs' impact NDDP and employment opportunities positively for main workers, indigenous entrepreneurs from Odisha positively influence employment opportunities at an overall level, and for marginal workers, everything else remains unchanged. Hence, during slowdowns or post‐pandemic recovery situations, when the need of the hour for the local government is immediate employment and livelihood for low‐skill‐based marginal workers, facilitating indigenous owners is more preferred.