bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 genomes in Egypt in first and second waves of infection
Authors: Zekri Abdel-Rahman N. , Bahnasy Abeer A. , Hafez Mohamed M. , Hassan Zeinab K. , Ahmed Ola S. , Soliman Hany K. , El-Sisi Enas R. , Dine Mona H. Salah El , Solimane May S. , Latife Lamyaa S. Abdel , Seadawy Mohamed G. , Elsafty Ahmed S. , Abouelhoda Mohamed 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAt Wuhan, in December 2019, the SRAS-CoV-2 outbreak was detected and it has been the pandemic worldwide. This study aims to investigate the mutations in sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 genome and characterize the mutation patterns in Egyptian COVID-19 patients during different waves of infection. The samples were collected from 250 COVID-19 patients and the whole genome sequencing was conducted using Next Generation Sequencing. The viral sequence analysis showed 1115 different genome from all Egyptian samples in the second wave mutations including 613 missense mutations, 431 synonymous mutations, 25 upstream gene mutations, 24 downstream gene mutations, 10 frame-shift deletions, and 6 stop gained mutation. The Egyptian genomic strains sequenced in second wave of infection are different to that of the first wave. We observe a shift of lineage prevalence from the strain B.1 to B.1.1.1. Only one case was of the new English B.1.1.7. Few samples have one or two mutations of interest from the Brazil and South Africa isolates. New clade 20B appear by March 2020 and 20D appear by May 2020 till January 2021.
Fundamental parameters of the Ap-stars GO And, 84 UMa, and κ Psc
Authors: Romanovskaya A. M. , Shulyak D. V. , Ryabchikova T. A. , Sitnova T. M. 
Published: November 2021

Aims. The aim of this work is to determine fundamental parameters of three Ap stars, GO And (HD 4778), κ Psc (HD 220825), and 84 UMa (HD 120198), using spectroscopic techniques. By analysing these stars, we complete the sample of Ap stars for which fundamental parameters have additionally been derived by means of interferometry. This enables a cross-comparison of results derived by direct and indirect methods.
Methods. Our study is based on the analysis of high-resolution spectra with a high signal-to-noise ratio that were obtained with ESPaDOnS spectrograph. We used an iterative method of fundamental parameter determinations that includes self-consistent modelling of the stellar atmosphere, taking individual abundances of chemical elements into account and subsequently fitting a theoretical spectral energy distribution to the observed distribution. The quality of the spectroscopic determinations was evaluated through a comparison with the interferometric results.
Results. For all investigated stars, we determined fundamental parameters and derived chemical abundances that are typical for Ap stars. The abundances are mainly characterised by a gradual increase of heavy element atmospheric abundances from an order of magnitude for iron peak elements up to very significant excesses of 3–4 dex of the rare-earth elements relative to the solar values. The only exception is Ba, whose abundance is close to the solar abundance. There is also a significant He deficiency in the atmospheres of HD 120198 and HD 220825, whereas the He abundance in HD 4778 is close to the solar abundance. We do not find significant Fe and Cr stratification. Using these abundances, we constructed self-consistent atmospheric models for each star. The effect of the surface chemical inhomogeneity on the derived fundamental parameters did not exceed ±100 K in effective temperature, which lies within the range of errors in similar self-consistent analyses of Ap stars. Finally, we compared spectroscopically derived effective temperatures, radii, and luminosity for 13 out of 14 Ap stars in a benchmark sample with the interferometric results. While radii and luminosity agree within the quoted errors of both determinations, the spectroscopic effective temperatures are higher than the interferometric temperatures for stars with Teff > 9000 K. The observed hydrogen line profiles favour the spectroscopically derived temperatures.
Tumor-like Lesions, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der spinalen aneurysmatischen Knochenzyste
Authors: Ryang Yu-Mi 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungDie aneurysmatische Knochenzyste (AKZ) ist ein lokal aggressiv wachsender gutartiger
primärer osteoklastischer Riesenzell-reicher Tumor, der in 10-30% die Wirbelsäule
betrifft. Lange Zeit wurde angenommen, dass es sich um eine Tumor-ähnliche Läsion
handelt. Durch den Nachweis einer chromosomalen Translokation des USP
(Ubiquitin-spezifische Protease) 6 Gens auf Chromosom 17p13 entspricht die primäre AKZ
jedoch einer echten Neoplasie 4
5
6
7
8. Die Prognose ist sehr gut mit Heilungsraten von > 90% nach
intraläsionaler Resektion und Gesamtüberlebensraten von ≥98% 11
12. Die Einteilung erfolgt nach
ihrem Wachstumsverhalten in die Enneking Stadien S1 bis S3. Die chirurgische Therapie
galt bisher als Goldstandard für die Therapie der AKZ: die intraläsionale Kürettage ±
adjuvante Therapie bei Enneking S1 und S2 Tumoren und die extraläsionale en bloc
Resektion bei S3 Tumoren. In neueren Studien ist ein Trend erkennbar S2 Tumore zunehmend
primär mittels serieller selektiver arterieller Embolisationen zu behandeln mit
erfolgsversprechenden Ergebnissen 11. Bei S3 Tumoren gibt es
Expertenmeinungen, die die en bloc Resektionen aufgrund der primären Gutartigkeit des
Tumors, der guten Ergebnisse nach intraläsionaler Resektion und der hohen perioperativen
Morbidität als Übertherapie betrachten 11. Eine Besonderheit bei der
Therapie sind die vielfältigen nicht chirurgischen primären und adjuvanten
Therapieansätze, die i.d.R. auf kleinen Fallserien beruhen. Bei lokal fortgeschrittenen,
inoperablen oder Rezidivtumoren gibt es neuerdings Therapieansätze mit dem off-Label
Einsatz von Denosumab primär, adjuvant oder neoadjuvant mit vielversprechenden ersten
Ergebnissen.
Riesenzelltumor des Stammskeletts. Aktuelle Diagnostik und Therapie
Authors: Ruf Michael , Pitzen Tobias , Ostrowski Gregor , Pöckler-Schöniger Christiane , Werner Mathias 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungRiesenzelltumore des Knochens gehören zu den Tumoren mit intermediärer Dignität, deren biologisches Verhalten aus dem histologischen Bild nicht sicher prognostiziert werden kann. Häufig zeigen sie ein lokal aggressives, destruierendes Ausbreitungsverhalten und neigen bei unvollständiger Entfernung zu Lokalrezidiven. Auch pulmonale Fernmetastasen kommen vereinzelt vor. Die Diagnostik erfordert bei spinaler Manifestation neben Anamnese, klinischen Befunden und Laborbefunden eine Schnittbildgebung mit CT und MRT, die Sicherung der Diagnose sollte mittels Biopsie erfolgen. Die histologische Beurteilung sollte von Pathologen mit Erfahrung in der Knochentumordiagnostik durchgeführt werden. Aufgrund der Rezidivneigung ist chirurgisch die extraläsionale, weite Exzision des Tumors notwendig, in der Regel mit einer suffizienten Fixation und Fusion. Enge postoperative Verlaufskontrollen sind erforderlich. Neue Aspekte in der begleitenden Therapie ermöglicht der humane monoklonale Antikörper Denosumab.In diesem Artikel zu Riesenzelltumoren der Wirbelsäule berichten wir über Erfahrungen in den letzten 20 Jahren in unserer Klinik, beschreiben 2 Fälle beispielhaft und gehen auf die Diagnostik und neue Aspekte der Therapie mit Denosumab ein.
Generation of Iminoxyl Radicals by Photoredox Catalysis Enables Oxidant-Free Hydroxygenation of β,γ-Unsaturated Oximes
Authors: Li Zhenming , Qian Lijie , Chen Huiming , Xu Xiangsheng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA visible-light photocatalytic generation of iminoxyl radicals has been accomplished under oxidant-free conditions. This approach offers a mild, atom-economical, and redox-neutral synthesis of 5-methylisoxazolines through radical hydroxygenation of β,γ-unsaturated oximes in the absence of an additional hydrogen source.
Genetic parameters for production traits in F1 reciprocal crossbred Chee Fah and Fah Luang chickens
Authors: Buranawit Krittaphak , Laenoi Watchara 
Published: November 2021

Context Recently, Chee Fah and Fah Luang chickens have been registered as a black-bone native chicken in Thailand. Only a few studies revealed genetic information about them. No publication has reported any data related to their cross-mating, particularly, genetic parameters. Aims This study aimed to estimate genetic parameters for production traits of F1 generation of reciprocal crossbred Chee Fah and Fah Luang chickens. Methods A dataset of production traits of two crossbred groups was used in the present study. Effects of breed, month-day of incubation and sex were tested at P < 0.05. Genetic parameters were estimated using the restricted maximum likelihood method with multi-trait animal model. Key results The crossbred Chee Fah × Fah Luang was significantly heavier and consumed more feed than Fah Luang × Chee Fah (P < 0.05). Male chickens had significantly better 20-week-old bodyweight, feed conversion ratio and average daily gain compared with females for both crossbred groups (P < 0.05). The effect of month-day of incubation had a significant influence on production traits (P < 0.05), except for day-old bodyweight. Heritabilities for production traits of crossbred chickens were low to high. The highest estimate was observed for day-old bodyweight (0.97), followed by feed intake (0.40), 20-week-old bodyweight (0.06), average daily gain (0.05) and feed conversion ratio (0.03), respectively. Both positive and negative genetic correlations were found among their production traits. Favourable relationships were found between average daily gain versus bodyweight and versus feed conversion ratio (rgg = 0.99 and −0.90, respectively). Similarly, production traits showed phenotypic correlations in both directions, which ranged from −0.95 to 0.99. Conclusions Heritability estimations for production traits were found in low to high magnitude. The desirable genetic relationships were found between feed conversion ratio and day-old bodyweight, 20-week-old bodyweight and average daily gain, and between 20-week-old bodyweight and average daily gain. Implications These findings could be considered as a source of genetic data for enhancing production traits of crossbred black-bone native chickens.
Arduino based temperature controlled sample holder using a power transistor and its application to measure the band gap of a silicon p–n diode
Authors: Mitra Swarnava , Mishra Aditya , Barua Sourabh 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This experiment is developed with the aim of designing a temperature-controlled sample holder by using a commonly available power transistor as the heating element. Most temperature-controlled sample holders use commonplace heaters, which are made of high resistance materials like nichrome 80/20 (80% nickel, 20% chromium) wire and similar materials. The fabrication of this temperature-controlled sample holder also leads to the usage of high power electronic components, like power transistors and power resistors which are, otherwise, neglected in most laboratory experiments. Moreover, to develop this system, Arduino Uno Rev3 and resistance temperature detector (RTD) were used for the purposes of data acquisition and temperature measurement, respectively. Arduino is a single board micro-controller and RTD functions as a temperature sensor. This experiment serves as a good example of application and unification of basic concepts of electronics, heat and thermodynamics and offers an insight into data acquisition. The experiment is non-proprietary, and the apparatus is entirely made from off-the-shelf items. Thus, reconstruction and use will be simple and inexpensive. The power transistor, along with the power resistors, generates enough heat to raise the temperature of the sample holder by about 100 K. Also, to exhibit the working of the sample-holder, the energy band gap of the material of a p–n junction diode (silicon) has been determined experimentally using the setup.
An adjoint approach to identification in electromyography: modeling and first order optimality conditions
Authors: Sproll Tobias , Schiela Anton 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In medical treatment it can be necessary to know the position of a motor unit in a muscle. Recent advances in high-density surface electromyography (EMG) measurement have opened the possibility of extracting information about single motor units. We present a mathematical approach to identify these motor units. On the base of an electrostatic forward model, we introduce an adjoint approach to efficiently simulate a surface EMG measurement and an optimal control approach to identify these motor units. We show basic results on existence of solutions and first-order optimality conditions.
New route to enhanced figure of merit at nano scale: effect of Aubry–Andre–Harper modulation
Authors: Dey Moumita , Chakraborty Suvendu , Maiti Santanu K 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We report, for the first time, the phenomenon of thermoelectricity at quantum level, considering a correlated disordered tight-binding one-dimensional lattice where site energies and/or nearest-neighbor hopping integrals are modulated in the cosine form following the well known Aubry–Andre–Harper (AAH) model. The atypical gapped and fragmented energy spectrum yields a transmission function whose steepness is not symmetrical around the Fermi energy, and because of this fact, we obtain a reasonably large figure of merit, a quantity that measures the thermoelectric energy conversion efficiency. The efficiency can be further monitored by means of AAH phase(s) which undoubtedly gives a possible route of designing controlled thermoelectric devices. Evaluating transmission probabilities using the Green’s function formalism, we compute all the thermoelectric quantities based on the Landauer integrals. The diagonal, off-diagonal and generalized versions of the AAH model are taken into account, and in all the cases we find favorable thermoelectric response. At the end of our analysis, we discuss briefly the specific role of phonon thermal conductance on thermoelectric efficiency to make the present investigation a self-contained one. Our theoretical study may shed some light in analyzing thermoelectric phenomena in similar kind of quasicrystals and other related systems.
Theoretical investigation of capacitances in functionalised MXene supercapacitors M
n+1C
n
O2, M = Ti, V, Nb, Mo
Authors: Das Mandira , Ghosh Subhradip 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
MXene, the class of two-dimensional materials, has been found to be useful as potential electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors. Although experimental investigation on the electrochemical performances of a few MXenes have been carried out with exciting results, a complete understanding of their atomic scale behaviour is yet to be done. Using first-principles electronic structure methods, we perform a systematic investigation of the capacitances in pristine and functionalised MXenes

M

n
+
1

C

n

O

2

where M  =  Ti, V, Nb and Mo. We provide results on each of the three sources of the capacitance and analyse them in detail for a complete understanding of their behaviour. The interpretation of the experimental results, wherever available, in the light of our computations, provides useful insights.
Phase fluctuations in conventional superconductors
Authors: Raychaudhuri Pratap , Dutta Surajit 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Within the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) theory, superconductivity is entirely governed by the pairing energy scale, which gives rise to the superconducting energy gap, Δ. However, another important energy scale, the superfluid phase stiffness, J, which determines the resilience of the superconductor to phase-fluctuations is normally ignored. The spectacular success of BCS theory owes to the fact that in conventional superconductors J is normally several orders of magnitude larger than Δ and thus an irrelevant energy scale. However, in certain situations such as in the presence of low carrier density, strong disorder, at low-dimensions or in granular superconductors, J can drastically come down and even become smaller than Δ. In such situations, the temperature and magnetic field evolution of superconducting properties is governed by phase fluctuations, which gives rise to novel electronic states where signatures of electronic pairing continue to exist even when the zero resistance state is destroyed. In this article, we will review the recent experimental developments on the study of phase fluctuations in conventional superconductors.
High-performance ternary organic photovoltaics with NC70BA as the third component material enabling thickness-insensitive photoactive performance
Authors: Liu Zhiyong , Wang Hong-En 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this work, a thinner (100 nm) and thicker (150 and 200 nm) ternary organic photovoltaic (OPV) are fabricate by D18 as donor, Y6 as acceptor and NC70BA as third component materials. The addition of the hollow 3D spherical structure of NC70BA into D18:Y6 binary films is helpful for improving phase separation and smooth surface of ternary photoactive layer, and form more continuous electron transport channels in ternary photoactive layers. It is enhance photovoltaic performance under not only thinner photoactive layer thickness but also thicker photoactive layer thickness. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of employing D18:Y6 as a binary photovoltaic layer and fullerene derivative NC70BA as a third component material and has construct high-efficiency thickness-insensitive ternary OPVs; this approach would promote the development of thicker photoactive layer ternary OPVs to fulfill the requirements of solution coating processes.
Applications of nanodosimetry in particle therapy planning and beyond
Authors: Rucinski Antoni , Biernacka Anna , Schulte Reinhard 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This topical review summarizes underlying concepts of nanodosimetry. It describes the development and current status of nanodosimetric detector technology. It also gives an overview of Monte Carlo track structure simulations that can provide nanodosimetric parameters for treatment planning of proton and ion therapy. Classical and modern radiobiological assays that can be used to demonstrate the relationship between the frequency and complexity of DNA lesion clusters and nanodosimetric parameters are reviewed. At the end of the review, existing approaches of treatment planning based on relative biological effectiveness (RBE) models or dose-averaged linear energy transfer are contrasted with an RBE-independent approach based on nandosimetric parameters. Beyond treatment planning, nanodosimetry is also expected to have applications and give new insights into radiation protection dosimetry.
Macroscopic elastic stress and strain produced by irradiation
Authors: Reali Luca , Boleininger Max , Gilbert Mark R. , Dudarev Sergei L. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Using the notion of eigenstrain produced by the defects formed in a material exposed to high energy neutron irradiation, we develop a method for computing macroscopic elastic stress and strain arising in components of a fusion power plant during operation. In a microstructurally isotropic material, the primary cause of macroscopic elastic stress and strain fields is the spatial variation of neutron exposure. We show that under traction-free boundary conditions, the volume-average elastic stress always vanishes, signifying the formation of a spatially heterogeneous stress state, combining compressive and tensile elastic deformations at different locations in the same component, and resulting solely from the spatial variation of radiation exposure. Several case studies pertinent to the design of a fusion power plant are analysed analytically and numerically, showing that a spatially varying distribution of defects produces significant elastic stresses in ion-irradiated thin films, pressurised cylindrical tubes and breeding blanket modules.
The geometry of the ICRF-induced wave–SOL interaction. A multi-machine experimental review in view of the ITER operation
Authors: Colas L. , Urbanczyk G. , Goniche M. , Hillairet J. , Bernard J.-M. , Bourdelle C. , Fedorczak N. , Guillemaut C. , Helou W. , Bobkov V. , Ochoukov R. , Jacquet Ph. , Lerche E. , Zhang X. , Qin C. , Klepper C.C. , Lau C. , Van Compernolle B. , Wukitch S.J. , Lin Y. , Ono M. , JET Contributors  , the ASDEX Upgrade Team  , the EAST Team  , the WEST Team  , ITPA IOS  
Published: November 2021

Abstract
As part of ITPA-Integrated Operational Scenario activities, this contribution reviews recent experimental characterizations of radio-frequency (RF)-induced scrape-off layer (SOL) modifications of various tokamaks worldwide and of the LArge Plasma Device at UCLA. The phenomenology, as observed using a large variety of measurement techniques, is consistent with expectations from RF sheath rectification. Emphasis is then put on the complex three-dimensional (3D) spatial patterns of the RF–SOL interaction, in relation to the magnetic topology and the spatial distribution of RF currents over the metallic structures surrounding the RF wave launchers. Dependence on the local plasma parameters in the antenna vicinity is also briefly addressed. The final part discusses implications for future devices.
A tutorial on fiber Kerr nonlinearity effect and its compensation in optical communication systems
Authors: Kumar Orappanpara Soman Sunish 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The advent of silica-based low-cost standard single-mode fibers revolutionized the whole communication industry. The deployment of optical fibers in the networks induces a paradigm shift in the communication technologies used for long-haul information transfer. However, the communication using the optical fibers is affected by several linear and nonlinear effects. The most common linear effects are attenuation and chromatic dispersion, whereas the dominant nonlinear effect is the Kerr effect. The Kerr effect induces a power-dependent nonlinear distortion for the signal propagating in the optical fiber. The detrimental effects of the Kerr nonlinearity limit the capacity of long-haul optical communication systems. Fiber Kerr nonlinearity compensation using digital signal processing (DSP) techniques has been well investigated over several years. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive tutorial, including the fundamental mathematical analysis, on the characteristics of the optical fiber channel, the origin of the Kerr nonlinearity effect, the theory of the pulse propagation in the optical fiber, and the numerical and analytical tools for solving the pulse propagation equation. In addition, we provide a concise review of various DSP techniques for fiber nonlinearity compensation, such as digital back-propagation, Volterra series-based nonlinearity equalization, perturbation theory-based nonlinearity compensation, and phase conjugation. We also carry out numerical simulation and the complexity evaluation of the selected nonlinearity compensation techniques.