bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recalling the pathology of Parkinson's disease; lacking exact figure of prevalence and genetic evidence in Asia with an alarming outcome: A time to step‐up
Authors: Mahmood Arif , Shah Abid Ali , Umair Muhammad , Wu Yiming , Khan Amjad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common and progressive neurodegenerative disease globally, with major symptoms like bradykinesia, impaired posture, and tremor. Several genetic and environmental factors have been identified but elucidating the main factors have been challenging due to the disease's complex nature. Diagnosis, prognosis, and management of such diseases are challenging and require effective targeted attention in developing countries. Recently, PD is growing rapidly in many crowded Asian countries as an alarming threat with inadequate knowledge of its prevalence, genetic architecture, and geographic distribution. This study gave an in‐depth overview of the prevalence, incidence and genomic/genetics studies published so far in the Asian population. To the best of our knowledge, PD has increased significantly in several Asian countries, including China, South Korea, Japan, Thailand, and Israel over the past few years, requiring a greater level of care and attention. Genetic screening of families with PD at national levels and establishing an official database of PD cases are essential to get a comprehensive and conclusive view of the exact prevalence and genetic diversity of PD in the Asian population to properly manage and treat the disease.
COVID‐19: Review of European recommendations and experts’ opinion on dental care. Summary and consensus statements of group 5. The 6th EAO Consensus Conference 2021
Authors: Gurzawska‐Comis Katarzyna , Becker Kathrin , Brunello Giulia , Klinge Björn 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe present work reports the EAO workshop group 5 and consensus plenary discussions and statements based on two reviews summarising European guidelines and experts’ opinion on infection control and prevention (ICP) in dentistry during the pandemic.MaterialTwo manuscripts were presented at the 6th EAO Consensus Conference. The first study compared the most recent national guidelines/recommendations of European countries. The second paper was an experts’ opinion‐based survey on application of ICP regulation during the second wave. The outcome of COVID‐19 group discussion was presented to all participants of the consensus to come to an agreement about the consensus statements and clinical recommendation.ResultsThe dynamic of the pandemic had an impact on rapidly published and frequently updated national guidelines in Europe. As guidelines were not based on solid evidence, they were supplemented by experts’ opinion on ICP in dentistry. The dental care should be guaranteed during the pandemic; however, in case of suspected or confirmed COVID‐19 disease, the treatment should be postponed if possible. Remote triage and patient‐related measures (i.e., social distancing, hand hygiene and mask wearing) were recommended to be the most efficient to reduce SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission. The type of personal protective equipment for dental staff should be adequate to the procedure and infection risk.ConclusionsAdequate infection control protocols have to be followed by healthcare professionals and patients to minimise the spreading of COVID‐19. We foresee the importance of continuously updating the national dental guidelines, considering the evolution of the pandemic and new scientific evidence becoming available.
Dental care during COVID‐19 pandemic: Follow‐up survey of experts' opinion
Authors: Brunello Giulia , Gurzawska‐Comis Katarzyna , Becker Kathrin , Becker Jürgen , Sivolella Stefano , Schwarz Frank , Klinge Björn 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of the present survey is to give an update of European experts' opinion on infection control and prevention in dentistry during second wave of pandemic. The secondary aim was to analyze how experts' opinion changed in the light of the new scientific evidence since the first wave.Material & MethodsAn anonymous online 14‐item questionnaire was sent to a total of 27 leading academic experts in Oral (and Maxillofacial) Surgery from different European countries, who had completed a previous survey in April‐May 2020. The questionnaire covered the topics of dental setting safety, personal protective equipment (PPE), and patient‐related measures to minimize transmission risk. Data collection took place in November‐February 2020/21.Results26 experts participated in the follow‐up survey. The overall transmission risk in dental settings was scored significantly lower compared to the initial survey (p < .05), though the risk associated with aerosol‐generating procedures (AGP) was still considered to be high. Maximum PPE was less frequently recommended for non‐AGP (p < .05), whereas the majority of experts still recommended FFP2/FFP3 masks (80.8%), face shields or goggles (88.5%), gowns (61.5%), and caps (57.7%) for AGP. Most of the experts also found mouth rinse relevant (73.1%) and reported to be using it prior to treatment (76.9%). No uniform opinion was found regarding the relevance of COVID‐19 testing of staff and patients.ConclusionWith the continuation of dental care provision, transmission risk has been scored lower compared to the first wave of pandemic. However, high risk is still assumed for AGP, and maximum PPE remained advised for the respective treatments.
Summary of European guidelines on infection control and prevention during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Becker Kathrin , Gurzawska‐Comis Katarzyna , Brunello Giulia , Klinge Björn 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe current COVID‐19 pandemic highlighted the need for a review of guidelines on infection control and prevention to ensure safe delivery of dental care. However, it is not clear to what extent the rapidly published European guidelines reflect the current evidence and thus provide homogeneous recommendations.Material & MethodsGuidelines from all European Union countries, Scotland, Switzerland and United Kingdom were retrieved. Information on triage, mouth rinse, personal protective equipment (PPE) for aerosol free/ generating procedures (non‐AGP/AGP) and treatment of potentially infectious patients were summarized and compared with recommendations from international organizations (WHO, ECDC, CDC).ResultsAll included countries (30/30) published COVID‐19 guidelines in 2020. All countries recommended triage and to postpone non‐urgent treatment of potentially infectious patients. Hydrogen peroxide (1%–1.5%) was the most frequently recommended antiseptic mouth rinse to reduce viral load (24/30). PPE for non‐AGP treatments included mainly surgical masks (21/30) or FFP2/FFP3/N95 masks (16/30), whereas FFP2/FFP3 masks (25/30) and face shields (24/30) were recommended for AGP by the vast majority of guidelines. For high‐risk/COVID positive patients, most countries recommended maximum protection and treatment in specialized dental clinics (22/30).ConclusionThere was general agreement among recommendations for triage, mouth rinse, and PPE during AGP and treatment of potentially infectious patients. In contrast, recommendations on PPE for non‐AGP treatment varied considerably among the European countries possibly due to limited scientific evidence regarding transmission risk during non‐AGP treatments.
Wild meat trade over the last 45 years in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Mayor Pedro , El Bizri Hani R. , Morcatty Thais Q. , Moya Kelly , Bendayán Nora , Solis Samantha , Vasconcelos Neto Carlos F. A. , Kirkland Maire , Arevalo Omar , Fang Tula G. , Pérez‐Peña Pedro E. , Bodmer Richard E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe trade in wild meat is an important economic component of rural people's livelihoods, but it has been perceived to be among the main causes of the decline of wildlife species. Recently, the COVID‐19 pandemic has brought to light an additional concern of wildlife markets as a major human‐health challenge. We analyzed data from the largest longitudinal monitoring (1973–2018) of the most important urban wild‐meat markets in Iquitos, Peru, to examine the trends in and impacts of these markets on people's livelihoods. Over the last 45 years, wild meat sales increased at a rate of 6.4 t/year (SD 2.17), paralleling urban population growth. Wild meat sales were highest in 2018 (442 t), contributing US$2.6 million (0.76%) to the regional gross domestic product. Five species of ungulates and rodents accounted for 88.5% of the amount of biomass traded. Vulnerable and Endangered species represented 7.0% and 0.4% of individuals sold, respectively. Despite growth in sales, the contribution of wild meat to overall urban diet was constant: 1–2%/year of total meat consumed. This result was due to greater availability and higher consumption of cheaper meats (e.g., in 2018, poultry was 45.8% cheaper and was the most consumed meat) coupled with the lack of economic incentives to harvest wild meat species in rural areas. Most wild meat was sold salted or smoked, reducing the likelihood of foodborne diseases. Community‐based wildlife management plans and the continued trade bans on primates and threatened taxa may avoid biodiversity loss. Considering the recent COVID‐19 pandemic, future management plans should include potential viral hosts and regulation and enforcement of hygiene practices in wild‐meat markets.
Effect of lymphadenectomy in colorectal cancer with isolated synchronous para‐aortic lymph node metastasis
Authors: Lee Sung Chul , Kim Hee Cheol , Lee Woo Yong , Yun Seong Hyeon , Cho Yong Beom , Huh Jung Wook , Park Yoon Ah , Shin Jung Kyong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimThere is controversy about the treatment of para‐aortic lymph node (PALN) metastasis and usefulness of surgical removal. We investigated the clinical effects of synchronous isolated PALN dissection in patients with this metastasis.MethodsPatients with colorectal cancer with isolated PALN metastasis were selected between January 2008 and December 2016 at Samsung Medical Center. Patients who were selected for gross‐free PALN dissection were set as the dissection group (DG). Patients who did not undergo PALN dissection or underwent biopsy were set as the non‐dissection group (NDG). The oncological and operative outcomes were compared.ResultsA total of 73 patients were recruited. The most clinical and pathological characteristics were not significantly different. The incidence of postoperative complications was also similar. The 5‐year overall survival of DG patients was 33.9%, that of NDG patients was 10.1%, and the survival curves were significantly different (P = 0.044). Multivariate analysis revealed that location of tumour in the left colon rather than in the right colon was a risk factor affecting survival in sub‐analysis.ConclusionPALN dissection did not increase postoperative complications and had a better effect on patient survival. It is suggested that lymphadenectomy be performed more aggressively when PALN metastasis is seen in patients with right colon cancer.
Determining clinical cutoff scores for the Australian Treatment Outcomes Profile psychological health, physical health and quality of life questions
Authors: Mammen Kristie , Mills Llewellyn , Deacon Rachel M. , Bruno Raimondo , Dunlop Adrian , Holmes Jennifer , Luksza Jennifer , Shakeshaft Anthony , Farrell Michael , Lintzeris Nicholas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe Australian Treatment Outcomes Profile (ATOP) is a brief instrument that measures self‐reported substance use, health, and wellbeing in the previous 28 days for people in alcohol and other drug treatment. Previous studies have established the concurrent validity, inter‐rater, and test–retest reliability of the tool. The current study sought to identify recommended cutoff scores for ATOP items for psychological health, physical health and quality of life that identify clients reporting clinically significant problems warranting further assessment and/or intervention, compared to cutoffs used by ‘gold‐standard’ measures for these domains.MethodsClients attending for treatment for problems with opioid (n = 144) or alcohol use (n = 134) completed the ATOP and comparison standardised questionnaires (Kessler‐10, Short Form Survey 12 and the Personal Wellbeing Index) with a researcher. Receiver operating characteristics analysis, along with clinician perspectives, were used to recommend cutoff scores for ATOP items indicative of clinically significant problems.ResultsA cutoff score of 5 or less out of 10 was identified as an optimal pragmatic cutoff for ATOP items relating to psychological health, physical health and quality of life items with regards to balancing sensitivity, specificity, and application in a treatment setting.Discussion and ConclusionsThe recommended clinical cutoffs will support clinicians and treatment services to identify clients who require further assessment and follow up for their psychological health, physical health and quality of life. The current study provides further evidence for the utility of the ATOP for individual clinical review, service planning and research.
Friend and foe? The effects of grassland management on global patterns of spider diversity
Authors: Oyarzabal Guilherme , Guimarães Murilo 
Published: July 2021

1. Grassland ecosystems have been used worldwide for food production through pastoral and cropping activities. In these ecosystems, spiders constitute important mesopredators, which are affected by grassland management in opposite ways. Historically, the spider taxonomic diversity has been the main focus in studies of grazing impacts in grassland ecosystems, while the intrinsic variability of traits within spiders have been neglected, which may have led to mistaken conclusions. Our objective is to reanalyse the effects of grazing on spider taxonomic and functional guilds on worldwide grasslands.2. We conducted a systematic review of the literature from the last 10 years, to assess the influence of grazing on the taxonomic and functional guild diversity of spiders worldwide. Using Generalised Linear Mixed Models, we assessed the effects of grazing pressure and type of herd on abundance, richness of spider species, and guilds.3. In the taxonomic perspective, we found no evidence of grazing impact on the abundance and richness of spiders. However, in the functional guild perspective, high grazing pressure reduced the diversity of web building spiders and enhanced diversity of ground dwelling spiders. Moreover, pastures containing more than one grazing species enhanced the diversity of ambush spiders.4. Overall, the functional guild diversity of spiders in grassland ecosystems seems to be more influenced by grazing intensity. Our results suggest that grazing intensity can change the guild composition of the araneofauna in grasslands, with guilds responding differently to grazing.
Computational neuronal correlation with enhanced synchronized activity in the basal ganglia and the slowing of thalamic theta and alpha rhythms in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Cakir Yuksel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe aim of this work is computationally to correlate the synchronized neuronal activity of basal ganglia and slowing in theta and alpha rhythms in electroencephalogram (EEG) signal in thalamic region in case of dopamine depletion and decrease of synaptic connections. The used network topology is a scale‐free network with constant node degree. The dopamine‐modulated type Izikhevich neuron model is used for modeling the striatal region, consisting of fast‐spiking interneurons, D1 and D2 type dopamine expressing medium spiny neurons. On the other hand, the ordinary Izikhevich neuron model is used in the modeling of extrastriatal basal ganglia (BG) regions where globus pallidus (GP) subregion neurons have also dopamine‐dependent parameters. The thalamic region of the network is mass modeled including inhibitory input from basal ganglia. Depending on the decrease of synaptic connections and dopamine level, the synchronization among basal ganglia neuron populations is investigated. The effect of synaptic delay on synchronization is also considered. It is observed that the decrease of dopamine neurotransmitter and decrease in the number of synaptic connections cause an increased synchronous activity in BG. Also, slowing in theta and alpha bands in thalamus EEG signals is observed. This shows the causal relation between synchronization and power shifting to lower frequency components in the case of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD).
Contrasting contributions of movement onset and duration to self‐evaluation of sensorimotor timing performance
Authors: Jovanovic Ljubica , López‐Moliner Joan , Mamassian Pascal 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMovement execution is not always optimal. Understanding how humans evaluate their own motor decisions can give us insights into their suboptimality. Here, we investigated how humans time the action of synchronizing an arm movement with a predictable visual event and how well they can evaluate the outcome of this action. On each trial, participants had to decide when to start (reaction time) and for how long to move (movement duration) to reach a target on time. After each trial, participants judged the confidence they had that their performance on that trial was better than average. We found that participants mostly varied their reaction time, keeping the average movement duration short and relatively constant across conditions. Interestingly, confidence judgements reflected deviations from the planned reaction time and were not related to planned movement duration. In two other experiments, we replicated these results in conditions where the contribution of sensory uncertainty was reduced. In contrast to confidence judgements, when asked to make an explicit estimation of their temporal error, participants' estimates were related in a similar manner to both reaction time and movement duration. In summary, humans control the timing of their actions primarily by adjusting the delay to initiate the action, and they estimate their confidence in their action from the difference between the planned and executed movement onset. Our results highlight the critical role of the internal model for the self‐evaluation of one's motor performance.
Deep‐time convergent evolution in animal communication presented by shared adaptations for coping with noise in lizards and other animals
Authors: Ord Terry J. , Klomp Danielle A. , Summers Thomas C. , Diesmos Arvin , Ahmad Norhayati , Das Indraneil 
Published: July 2021

AbstractConvergence in communication appears rare compared with other forms of adaptation. This is puzzling, given communication is acutely dependent on the environment and expected to converge in form when animals communicate in similar habitats. We uncover deep‐time convergence in territorial communication between two groups of tropical lizards separated by over 140 million years of evolution: the Southeast Asian Draco and Caribbean Anolis. These groups have repeatedly converged in multiple aspects of display along common environmental gradients. Robot playbacks to free‐ranging lizards confirmed that the most prominent convergence in display is adaptive, as it improves signal detection. We then provide evidence from a sample of the literature to further show that convergent adaptation among highly divergent animal groups is almost certainly widespread in nature. Signal evolution is therefore curbed towards the same set of adaptive solutions, especially when animals are challenged with the problem of communicating effectively in noisy environments.
Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease due to MORC2 mutations in Spain
Authors: Sivera Rafael , Lupo Vincenzo , Frasquet Marina , Argente‐Escrig Herminia , Alonso‐Pérez Jorge , Díaz‐Manera Jordi , Querol Luis , del Mar García‐Romero María , Ignacio Pascual Samuel , García‐Sobrino Tania , Paradas Carmen , Francisco Vázquez‐Costa Juan , Muelas Nuria , Millet Elvira , Jesús Vílchez Juan , Espinós Carmen , Sevilla Teresa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeMORC2 mutations have been described as a rare cause of axonal Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT2Z). The aim of this work was to determine the frequency and distribution of these mutations throughout Spain, to provide a comprehensive phenotypical description and, if possible, to establish a genotype–phenotype correlation.MethodsRetrospectively, data on patients diagnosed with CMT2Z in Spain were collected and clinical, electrophysiological and muscle imaging information were analysed.ResultsFifteen patients with CMT2Z were identified throughout Spain, seven of them belonging to a single kindred, whilst the rest were sporadic. The most common mutation was p.R252W, and four new mutations were identified. Eleven patients were categorized as having a scapuloperoneal phenotype, with asymmetric muscle weakness, early proximal upper limb involvement and frequent spontaneous muscular activity with distal sensory impairment and pes cavus, whilst two presented with a more classic length dependent sensory motor phenotype. This distinction was corroborated by the distribution of muscle fatty infiltration in muscle imaging. Two other patients were classified as having a neurodevelopmental phenotype consisting in congenital or early onset, delay in motor milestones, and global developmental delay in one of them. Nerve conduction studies revealed an unequivocally axonal neuropathy with frequent spontaneous activity, and serum creatine kinase levels were increased in 50% of the patients.ConclusionsMORC2 mutations are a rare cause of CMT in Spain, but in‐depth phenotyping reveals a recognizable phenotypic spectrum that will be clinically relevant for future identification of this disease.
Sibling relationships among U.S. citizen children of undocumented Mexican parents
Authors: Londoño Tatiana , Gulbas Lauren E. , Zayas Luis H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCurrent U.S. immigration policies disproportionately impact Mexican‐origin mixed‐status families, yet few studies examine the consequences of immigration enforcement (e.g., immigration‐related arrest and detention) and deportation on sibling dynamics. Given this gap, this study focuses on the experiences and changes within sibling relationships in the aftermath of parental detention and deportation. We analyzed a subsample of 20 citizen children interviews (7 sibling dyads; 2 sibling triads) from a multi‐site binational study that examined the psychosocial functioning of U.S. citizen children with undocumented Mexican parents. Using inductive thematic analysis, we explored the roles and functional importance of sibling relationships before and after experiences of parents’ detention and deportation. Our findings suggest that prior to detention or deportation experiences, sibling relationships were described as “normal.” After these experiences, however, sibling relationships changed and developed protective adaptations, including more open communication about their experiences and the assumption of caregiving roles. In cases where deportation did not occur, there still existed the threat of future immigration‐related action, which contributed to fear and an inability to share feelings and experiences among siblings. Our findings suggest that sibling relationships might serve as an important locus of stability and protection. Yet, adaptive communication may not emerge as long as the threat of apprehension, detention, and deportation exists.