bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Radicalists and Fundamentalist Islamic Groups in Indonesia: Ideology and Model of Movement
Authors: Faiq Muhammad 
Published: May 2021

Abstract: Since the Reformation Era, various Islamic organizations or groups have emerged in Indonesia with different ideologies and movement models, such as Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI), the Indonesian Mujahidin Council (MMI), the Indonesian Muslim Brotherhood, the Islamic Defenders Front (FPI), and Jemaah Islamiyah. Most Indonesian Muslims do not warmly welcome their presence as the spirit of their struggle is not appropriate with the character and culture of the Indonesian people. They often use violence and even terror in struggling for Islam with the reason of amr ma’ruf nahi munkar (enjoining good and forbidding evil). So it is not surprising that the government recently dissolved the HTI and FPI. By using a qualitative approach, this study aims to uncover their ideology and movement model and the ideologies that influence them. From the data obtained from various related literature such as textbooks, journals, and the web, this study finds that these Islamic groups are ideologically influenced by trans-national Islamic groups with fundamentalism and even radicalism characters. They disagree with the Indonesian government system, which is considered secular and incompatible with Islamic values. They often use violence and terror to enforce Islamic shari'ah and even change the NKRI system with the system of Khilafat Islamiyah (Islamic caliphate).
Keywords: Radicalist, fundamentalist, Islamic caliphate, shari'ah.
Abstrak: Sejak Era Reformasi, berbagai ormas atau kelompok Islam bermunculan di Indonesia dengan ideologi dan model gerakan yang berbeda, seperti Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI), Majelis Mujahidin Indonesia (MMI), Ikhwanul Muslimin Indonesia, Front Pembela Islam (FPI), dan Jemaah Islamiyah. Sebagian besar umat Islam Indonesia tidak menyambut baik kehadiran mereka karena semangat perjuangan mereka tidak sesuai dengan karakter dan budaya masyarakat Indonesia. Mereka sering menggunakan kekerasan bahkan teror dalam memperjuangkan Islam dengan dalih amr ma'ruf nahi munkar. Maka tidak heran jika belakangan ini organisasi tersebut, khususnya HTI dan FPI, dibubarkan oleh pemerintah. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap ideologi dan model gerakan mereka serta ideologi yang mempengaruhinya. Dari data yang diperoleh dari berbagai literatur terkait seperti buku teks, jurnal, dan web, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kelompok-kelompok Islam tersebut secara ideologis dipengaruhi oleh kelompok-kelompok Islam transnasional dengan karakter fundamentalisme bahkan radikalisme. Mereka tidak setuju dengan sistem pemerintahan Indonesia yang dianggap sekuler dan bertentangan dengan nilai-nilai Islam. Mereka kerap menggunakan kekerasan dan teror untuk menegakkan syari'at Islam bahkan mengubah bentuk NKRI (Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia) dengan sistem Khilafah Islamiyah.
Kata kunci: Radikalisme, fundamentalisme, khilafah Islamiyah, syari'at Islam.
Penggunaan Agregat Sungai Batu Tiakka’ dalam Campuran AC-BC
Authors: Palimbunga Gabriel Pabia , Rachman Rais , Alpius  
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui karakteristik penggunaan agregat Sungai Batu Tiakka’ dalam Campuran AC-BC. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah melakukan serangkaian pengujian karakteristik agregat kasar, halus, dan filler kemudian merancang komposisi campuran AC-BC serta pengujian Marshall untuk mendapatkan karakteristik campuran dan pengujian Marshall immersion untuk memperoleh indeks kekuatan sisa (IKS) dengan menggunakan kadar aspal optimum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik bahan perkerasan berupa agregat Sungai Batu Tiakka Kecamatan Saluputti memenuhi Spesifikasi Umum Bina Marga 2018 sebagai bahan lapisan perkerasan jalan. Melalui uji Marshall diperoleh karakteristik campuran AC-BC dengan kadar aspal 5,00%, 5,50%, 6,00%, 6,50% , 7,00%. Hasil pengujian Marshall immersion campuran AC-BC dengan kadar aspal optimum 7,00% diperoleh Indeks Kekuatan Sisa (IKS) sebesar 93,47% yang memenuhi Spesifikasi Umum Bina Marga 2018 yaitu 90%.Dimana hasil penilitian ini dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa agregat Sungai Batu Tiakka Kecamatan Saluputti dapat digunakan sebagai bahan perkerasan jalan dalam campuran AC-BC karena memenuhi Spesifikasi Umum Bina Marga 2018.
System of protected natural areas as a resource of the Tyumen region regional development
Authors: Kalutskov V. 
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the prospects of applying a cultural and landscape approach to the network of specially protected natural areas of the region.Legal issues related to the management of specially protected natural areas are considered.The main attention is paid to the justification of the allocation of perspective protected areas within the framework of the emerging Tyumen region cultural framework and the analysis of the network structure, relative to four hubs of the regional framework: Tyumen, Tobolsk, Ishim and Yalutorovsk.
A Case of Cutaneous Endometriosis following Vulvar Injury
Authors: Hazard Danielle B. , Harkins Gerald J. 
Published: May 2021

Background Cutaneous endometriosis of the vulva following traumatic injury is rare. Case A 15-year-old presented to the emergency department complaining of vulvar swelling with painful papules and URI symptoms, 11 months after suffering a vulvar abrasion. She was admitted to the hospital for pain control and empiric antiviral therapy for a suspected herpes outbreak, although final herpes simplex virus (HSV) cultures were negative. She continued to experience similar episodic vulvar symptoms, and biopsy and surgical resection of the lesions revealed cutaneous endometriosis. Conclusion Although the vulva is a rare site for endometriosis, it should always remain a differential diagnosis when painful vulvar lesions are present.
Psychosomatic Aspects of Endometriosis
Authors: Bitzer Johannes 
Published: May 2021

From a patient's perspective and experience endometriosis is characterized by six major challenges and stressors: 1) often the diagnosis is delayed; 2) the cause of the disease is unknown; 3) it is a chronic recurrent disease; 4) it affects young women; 5) it is accompanied by chronic pain and dyspareunia; 6) it may lead to infertility. These features create psychological needs for patients which should be responded to by an integrated basic psychosomatic care. This includes respect and empathy, patient centered communication, adequate response to negative emotions, establishment of a helpful and lasting therapeutic relationship, psychoeducation, empowerment and shared decision making. Apart from this basic psychosomatic care which can be provided by each treating physician or nurse, some conditions need more specialized psychosomatic care in the context of a multidisciplinary team: Chronic pain services, Infertility treatment teams, Sexual counselling and therapy and treatment of psychiatric comorbities or sequelae of the disease like depression, anxiety disorder etc. Psychosomatic care should thus be integrated into the biomedical diagnosis and therapy of endometriosis.
The First Encounter of the Golah and Their "Adversaries" (Ezra 4:1–5): Who Are the Adversaries, and on What Is the Adversity Based?
Authors: Guite Phaipi Chingboi 
Published: May 2021

Ezra 4:1–5 narrates the first encounter of the golah with the “other,” after the golah arrive in the land. Against the tendency to identify the “other” with a specific group of people, the text employs only vague descriptions. A narrative analysis reveals that the “other” group includes all and any non-golah people. Claims for participation in the building by the “other,” and refusal by the golah leaders, are ultimately based on their cultic differences.
Thought Experiments in Law
Authors: Doménech-Pascual Gabriel 
Published: May 2021

Thought Experiments in Law; Special Issue on Experimental Legislation in Times of Crisis, Sofia Ranchordas & Bart van Klink (eds.)
Thought experiments have been widely used in virtually all sciences and humanities. Law is no exception. We can find countless instances of such experiments in both the legal practice and the legal theory. However, this method has hardly been studied by legal scholars, which contrasts with the vast literature devoted to it in other fields of knowledge. This article analyses the role that some thought experiments – those where an imaginary legal change is made, and its social effects are observed – may play in law. In particular, we show why these empirical legal thought experiments might be useful for the practice and theory of law, the main principles for conducting them and how the law deals with them.
Infrared Based Saliva Screening Test for COVID‐19
Authors: Wood Bayden R. , Kochan Kamila , Bedolla Diana E. , Salazar‐Quiroz Natalia , Grimley Samantha L. , Perez‐Guaita David , Baker Matthew J. , Vongsvivut Jitraporn , Tobin Mark J. , Bambery Keith R. , Christensen Dale , Pasricha Shivani , Eden Anthony K. , Mclean Aaron , Roy Supti , Roberts Jason A. , Druce Julian , Williamson Deborah A. , McAuley Julie , Catton Mike , Purcell Damian F. J. , Godfrey Dale I. , Heraud Philip 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has resulted in an unprecedented need for diagnostic testing that is critical in controlling the spread of COVID‐19. We propose a portable infrared spectrometer with purpose‐built transflection accessory for rapid point‐of‐care detection of COVID‐19 markers in saliva. Initially, purified virion particles were characterized with Raman spectroscopy, synchrotron infrared (IR) and AFM‐IR. A data set comprising 171 transflection infrared spectra from 29 subjects testing positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 by RT‐qPCR and 28 testing negative, was modeled using Monte Carlo Double Cross Validation with 50 randomized test and model sets. The testing sensitivity was 93 % (27/29) with a specificity of 82 % (23/28) that included positive samples on the limit of detection for RT‐qPCR. Herein, we demonstrate a proof‐of‐concept high throughput infrared COVID‐19 test that is rapid, inexpensive, portable and utilizes sample self‐collection thus minimizing the risk to healthcare workers and ideally suited to mass screening.
Sustainable development in aviation logistics: Successful drivers and business strategies
Authors: Wu Pei‐Ju , Yang Chun‐Kai 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFirms looking to implement sustainable development confront the problem of choosing among myriad options. To help them overcome it, this study develops two‐stage data‐driven analytics aimed at establishing which alternatives for sustainable development are most likely to succeed, based on careful scrutiny of sustainable‐aviation cases. Specifically, it first ascertains the factors that are most critical to aviation logistics in general and then goes on to identify the vital drivers of successful sustainable development in the same field. The analytical results of the proposed models reveal that sustainable initiatives (ecological conservation and environmental R&D), weight, conversion, and fuel efficiency are successful drivers for organizations to achieve environmental sustainability in aviation logistics. Furthermore, natural‐resource‐based view theory is utilized to develop business strategies that involve eco‐friendly initiatives, product stewardship, and clean technologies.
Recreation of a hair follicle regenerative microenvironment: Successes and pitfalls
Authors: Abreu Carla M. , Marques Alexandra P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe hair follicle (HF) is an exquisite skin appendage endowed with cyclical regenerative capacity; however, de novo follicle formation does not naturally occur. Consequently, patients suffering from extensive skin damage or hair loss are deprived of the HF critical physiological and/or aesthetic functions, severally compromising skin function and the individual's psychosocial well‐being. Translation of regenerative strategies has been prevented by the loss of trichogenic capacity that relevant cell populations undergo in culture and by the lack of suitable human‐based in vitro testing platforms. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the major difficulties associated with HF regeneration and the approaches used to overcome these drawbacks. We describe key cellular requirements and discuss the importance of the HF extracellular matrix and associated signaling for HF regeneration. Finally, we summarize the strategies proposed so far to bioengineer human HF or hair‐bearing skin models and disclose future trends for the field.
Single‐Molecule White‐Light‐Emitting Starburst Donor‐Acceptor Triphenylamine Derivatives and Their Application as Ratiometric Luminescent Molecular Thermometers
Authors: Ajantha Joseph , Yuvaraj Palani , Karuppusamy Masiyappan , Easwaramoorthi Shanmugam 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhite‐light emission (WLE) from a single molecule is a highly desirable alternative to a complex mixture of complementary colour emitters, which suffers from poor stability and reproducibility for potential use in organic electronic devices and lighting applications. We report single‐molecule WLE both in solution and thin films by judiciously controlled π‐electron delocalisation between the triarylamine subchromophoric units. Triphenylamine (TPA) forms the central core, and the phenyl rings are substituted with the electron‐deficient acceptor 3‐ethylrhodanine (Rh) and electron‐rich donors triphenylamine or carbazole. The enforced biphenyl configuration of the TPA core and the other donors renders the π‐conjugation across the entire chromophore poor, thus the individual subchromophoric units retain their individual emission characteristics, which cover all three primary colour emissions, that is, red, green and blue (RGB). TPA−Rh units exhibit broad fluorescence in the green‐red region originating from the local excited (LE) state and intramolecular charge transfer state (ICT), strongly influenced by the solvent, water, and temperature. Different fluorescence parameters, including spectral maxima, ratiometric changes in ICT emission at the expense of blue emission from terminal donor units, and changes in lifetime, have a linear relationship with temperature between 180–330 K, thus the molecules can function as a multiparameter luminescent molecular thermometer. A temperature coefficient of 0.19 K−1 in ratiometric fluorescence changes along with a spectral shift of 0.3 nm K−1 and their workability over the wide temperature makes these molecules promising materials for potential applications. At lower temperatures, individual subchromophoric properties subside because of the reduced dihedral angle of biphenyl, and fluorescence from the whole molecule becomes dominant.
Saddle‐Shaped Building Blocks: A New Concept for Designing Fully Conjugated 3D Organic Semiconducting Materials
Authors: Wang Yaqin , Zhang Yuting , Wang Shitao , Cao Dapeng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCurrently, most organic semiconducting materials (OSMs) are π‐conjugated structures in one or two dimension (2D), where the lack of layer‐layer π‐conjugation connection greatly blocks their electron delocalization and transport. The 3D fully conjugated materials could solve this issue because they can provide efficient charge‐transport pathways throughout the whole 3D skeleton, in which the suitable 3D building block is the key to the development of fully conjugated 3D OSMs. Cyclooctatetraene (COT) and its derivatives are good candidates due to their π‐conjugation with 3D saddle‐shaped architecture. In this Concept, we discuss the key features of saddle‐shaped COT‐based derivatives and their synthetic strategy, then we present the current development of using the COT derivatives as building blocks to construct the 3D fully conjugated organic small compound‐ and polymer‐based OSMs. The properties and perspectives of these OSMs in photovoltaics, electro‐catalysis and electrical conductivities are also discussed. These recent advances in the developing 3D fully conjugated materials could potentially open up a new frontier in the design of OSMs.
Isolation of Nuclei from Mammalian Cells and Tissues for Single‐Nucleus Molecular Profiling
Authors: Nadelmann Emily R. , Gorham Joshua M. , Reichart Daniel , Delaughter Daniel M. , Wakimoto Hiroko , Lindberg Eric L. , Litviňukova Monika , Maatz Henrike , Curran Justin J. , Ischiu Gutierrez Daniela , Hübner Norbert , Seidman Christine E. , Seidman J. G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBoth single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) and single‐nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNAseq) can be used to characterize the transcriptional profile of individual cells, and based on these transcriptional profiles, help define cell type distribution in mixed cell populations. However, scRNAseq analyses are confounded if some of the cells are large (>50 µm) or if some of cells adhere more tightly to some adjacent cells than to others. Further, single cell isolation for scRNAseq requires fresh tissue, which may not be available for human or animal model tissues. Additionally, the current enzymatic and mechanical methods for single‐cell dissociation can lead to stress‐induced transcriptional artifacts. Nuclei for snRNAseq, on the other hand, can be isolated from any cell, regardless of size, and from either fresh or frozen tissues, and compared to whole cells, they are more resistant to mechanical pressures and appear not to exhibit as many cell isolation‐based transcriptional artifacts. Here, we describe a time‐ and cost‐effective procedure to isolate nuclei from mammalian cells and tissues. The protocol incorporates steps to mechanically disrupt samples to release nuclei. Compared to conventional nuclei isolation protocols, the approach described here increases overall efficiency, eliminates risk of contaminant exposure, and reduces volumes of expensive reagents. A series of RNA quality control checks are also incorporated to ensure success and reduce costs of subsequent snRNAseq experiments. Nuclei isolated by this procedure can be separated on the 10× Genomics Chromium system for either snRNAseq and/or Single‐Nucleus ATAC‐Seq (snATAC‐Seq), and is also compatible with other single cell platforms. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Sample preparation and quality control check via RNA Isolation and AnalysisBasic Protocol 2: Nuclei Isolation
Comparison of the frequency of periodontal pathogenic species of diabetics and non‐diabetics and its relation to periodontitis severity, glycemic control and body mass index
Authors: Akherati Mojtaba , Shafaei Ebrahim , Salehiniya Hamid , Abbaszadeh Hamid 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate common pathogenic bacteria of periodontal diseases (PD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its relationship with PD severity, glycemic control and body mass index (BMI).Material and MethodsThis case–control study consisted of 55 patients with T2DM and 55 individuals as control. Samples were collected from periodontal pockets. After DNA extraction, using 16srRNA‐specific primers, the presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythia (Tf), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) were examined based on polymerase chain reaction method.ResultsAa frequency was significantly higher in in T2DM group than control. There were no significant differences in the frequencies of Pg, Tf, Pi, and Fn between studied groups. There were no significant differences between frequencies of studied bacteria in different severities of periodontitis in T2DM group. Prevalence of Tf in T2DM patients with moderate periodontitis was significantly higher than non‐diabetics with moderate periodontitis. There was no significant difference between the frequency of bacteria in diabetics with good and poor glycemic control. There was a significant difference between the frequencies of Pg in T2DM individuals with different BMI levels.ConclusionsA higher frequency of detection of Aa was found in diabetic when compared to non‐diabetics. Glycemic control did not affect the frequency distribution of studied bacteria in T2DM. Pg was identified in higher frequency in overweight T2DM patients.
Cobalt Electrochemical Recovery from Lithium Cobalt Oxides in Deep Eutectic Choline Chloride+Urea Solvents
Authors: Wang Hongmin , Li Mengran , Garg Sahil , Wu Yuming , Nazmi Idros Mohamed , Hocking Rosalie , Duan Haoran , Gao Shuai , Yago Anya Josefa , Zhuang Linzhou , Rufford Thomas Edward 
Published: May 2021

AbstractElectrochemical recovery of the cobalt in deep eutectic solvent shows its promise in recycling and recovery of valuable elements from the spent lithium‐ion battery due to its high selectivity and minimal environmental impacts. This work unveiled the roles of the substrates, applied potentials, and operating temperatures on the performance of cobalt electrochemical recovery in a deep eutectic choline chloride+urea solvent. The solvent contains cobalt and lithium ions extracted from lithium cobalt oxides – 3an essential lithium‐ion battery cathode material. Our results highlight that the substrate predetermines the cobalt recovery modes via substrate–cobalt interactions, which could be predicted by the cobalt surface segregation energies and crystallographic misfits. We also show that a moderate cathode potential under −1.0 V vs. silver quasi‐reference electrode at 94–104 °C is essential to ensure a selective cobalt recovery at an optimal rate. We also found that the stainless‐steel mesh is an optimal substrate for cobalt recovery due to its relatively high selectivity, fast recovery rate, and easy cobalt collection. Our work provides new insights on metal recovery in deep eutectic solvents and offers a new avenue to control the metal electrodeposition modes via modulation of substrate compositions and crystal structures.