bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roma Population in the Spanish Education System: Identifying Explanatory Frameworks and Research Gaps
Authors: Ullán de la Rosa Francisco Javier , García Andreu Hugo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis chapter makes a literature review based on the Grant and Booth qualitative systematic methodology of the studies about the educational situation of the Roma in Spain, with an wider, extended scope that allows to compare the findings with those conducted on other countries’ Roma populations. Studies on the Roma educational situation in Spain are hindered by the lack of official, periodical statistics, having to rely on sample-based surveys and ethnographic studies. In spite of the inaccuracy of the studies all of them show, as a general picture, a staggering educational gap between the Roma and the rest of society which is common to all Western countries. Most of the studies on Roma education have concentrated in this negative aspect. Numerous theoretical frameworks have been developed to explain this staggering education gap. All them acknowledge the phenomenon as a multidimensional one but for heuristic purposes they can be ordered along an endogenous/exogenous factors continuum depending on how much they stress the weight of factors stemming from characteristics of the Roma ethnic group itself or, on the contrary, of the majority non-Roma society. The literature review has also identified an emergent critical current that sees this studies focused on educational underachievement as a sharing a common essentialist bias that helps to reinforce the stigmatization of Roma and have turned to focus, instead, on the study of academic success among the Roma. Although this emerging field is very promising, our review has identify several significant research gaps in this regard: a lack of longitudinal studies, a lack of studies on the Roma upper and middle classes and a lack of studies on Roma students in post-compulsory education, particularly the university level. This article encourages researchers to fill this gaps with the conviction that the knowledge obtained can help combat the negative stereotypes and the self-fulfilling prophecy effect that approaches focused on Roma underachievement may have.
School, Languages and Power in Pretend Play of Romani Children
Authors: Kubaník Pavel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis text explores different language ideologies and different ideologies of childhood and socialization among Romani parents and local teachers of Romani children. It also makes some notes on different modes of learning that the children can come across both inside and outside the school environment. All these features can be linked with the child-structured pretend play with school instruction as the main topic, as I observed it during my stays in one segregated Romani settlement in Eastern Slovakia. Among other functions, this play creates a natural niche of using Slovak, a language of instruction and the second language of children in Gav, which is not used in home environment of the children. I will show that, despite the teachers seeing the Romani settlement as a non-stimulating environment, the children learn many things in many different patterns. Nevertheless, the text presents the settlement and the school not as two different worlds, but as places naturally linked together through child agency.
Physical Disability and Sexuality, Some History and Some Findings
Authors: Braathen Stine Hellum , Carew Mark T. , Chiwaula Mussa , Rohleder Poul 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this chapter, we will explore some of the myths and misconceptions that exist about the sexual lives of people with physical disabilities. We look particularly at the myth of asexuality and we report on data from the survey study showing whether this myth exists in the views of South Africans without disability, about people with physical disabilities. We also look at the kinds of stereotypes about people with physical disabilities that survey respondents used. The chapter then looks at how this myth of asexuality among people with physical disabilities means that many young people with physical disabilities are excluded from sexual health education, may be vulnerable to sexual abuse and exploitation, and generally feel excluded from the world of dating and relationships. We draw on existing research knowledge, our survey findings, as well as the pictures and personal stories of participants in our research project in this chapter.
Physical Disability and Femininity: An Intersection of Identities
Authors: Hunt Xanthe , Braathen Stine Hellum , Rohleder Poul 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this chapter, we will explore the intersections of physical disability and femininity. We look at how societies’ ideas about disability influence the way women with physical disabilities are viewed and view themselves as sexual beings. Using a combination of background literature and qualitative data from our photovoice study, we explore how social representations of femininity and expectations for women may negatively affect women with physical disabilities’ sense of themselves. We include pictures, written texts, and stories produced by some of the female participants from the project.
Rosabelle’s Story
Authors: Riese Rosabelle , Swartz Leslie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this short chapter, Rosabelle, one of the project participants, writes a personal story about how sport had a hugely positive impact on her self-confidence, body image and ultimately her sense of sexuality. Rosabelle’s personal narrative is co-written with one of the researchers, who provides theoretical insights relevant to conceptualising and making sense of her experience.
Vic’s Story
Authors: McKinney Vic 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this chapter, Vic, a project participant, writes about getting married and becoming a father after having acquired a serious physical disability in an accident. He writes about how he and his wife underwent IVF to have 2 children. He also writes about the at times inappropriate reactions and questions from others about his wife’s pregnancy and his sexuality. Vic’s story is tied to current scholarship relevant to thinking about reproductive rights and disability.
City Engagement in the Joint Programming Initiative Urban Europe and the Role of Intermediary Organizations in R&I Policies for Urban Transition
Authors: Meyer Susanne , Hawlik Robert 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis research investigates the case of the Joint Programming Initiative (JPI) Urban Europe and its role as an intermediary organization, developing research, and innovation programs for urban transition. In the literature, the role of an intermediary organization has recently been discussed as an effective promoter and developer of connecting visions, strategies, activities, and stakeholders. A conceptual approach to intermediary organizations for urban transition is operationalized, and its functions are discussed in this paper. As an example, the Joint Programming Initiative Urban Europe reveals how a transnational R&I initiative, represented by 20 national R&I programs in Europe, can provide scientific evidence for sustainable urbanization with a cross-sectoral, integrated, inter- and transdisciplinary approach implemented through activities beyond joint calls. The findings show that JPI Urban Europe acts as broker and facilitator of joint visions and starts to build communities for innovation, which is one of the important functions of intermediaries. The development of its Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda clearly followed a co-creation process, putting the dilemmas of city practitioners in the center. JPI Urban Europe managed to attract high levels of commitment from a diversity of stakeholders to its strategic priorities and mobilized respective budgets for its implementation. The analysis of JPI Urban Europe participation in funded projects shows that challenge-driven calls (putting the problem owners in the center) seems to successfully develop a common language for all stakeholders and has a higher likelihood to generate more transformative outcomes. The number of funded urban living labs in projects shows that room for experimentation in niches and their extension is provided. The number of city representatives as funded project partners could be increased to further stimulate active involvement. The JPI Urban Europe also acts as a translator and enabler for learning in the urban—as well as in the policy sphere—the third function. This can be confirmed by the number and type of organizations reached with its specific formats. JPI Urban Europe coordinates joint activities of mainly national R&I programs but has only indirect influence on change in these organizations and limited influence on changes within research organizations, businesses, or cities that are even less connected. Overall, it can be concluded that the strategic ambition of JPI Urban Europe towards transformative change is obvious, but some instruments and formats to translate the ambition into action need further refinement, and it needs further in-depth research to better understand the outcomes and impacts of its diverse activities.
Ansteckung in der Wertschöpfungskette
Authors: Matt Johannes 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungOb Sturm, Feuer, Streik, Managementversagen oder Handelskonflikte, die Risiken der Unternehmen sind zahlreich. Gefahr droht auch, wenn es den Lieferanten und Kunden schlecht geht. Fällt ein schwer ersetzbarer Lieferant aus, oder geht einem wichtigen Kunden das Geld aus, dann herrscht Krise. Je stärker die Arbeitsteilung und Spezialisierung in der Produktion ist, desto mehr sind die Unternehmen in einem Netzwerk von Lieferbeziehungen eng verflochten und voneinander abhängig. Umso verhängnisvoller kann sich ein Unterbruch in der Produktionskette auswirken. Die Ansteckung in der Wertschöpfungskette kann ganze Branchen erfassen und Konjunkturabschwünge verschärfen. Um die Krisenrobustheit zu stärken, können die Unternehmen z. B. mit Lagerhaltung, Diversifizierung der Lieferanten und ausreichenden Kapitalreserven vorsorgen.Barrot, J.-N. und Sauvagnat, J. (2016), Input Specificity and the Propagation of Idiosyncratic Shocks in Production Networks, Quarterly Journal of Economics 131, 1543–1592.
Innovation, Ungleichheit und sozialer Aufstieg
Authors: Konzett Verena Maria 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungInnovation treibt das Wachstum, aber wenige erfolgreiche Unternehmer, Ingenieure und Forscher profitieren überdurchschnittlich stark. Gerade die erfolgreichsten Innovationen schaffen ungeahnte Vermögen und tragen zur Konzentration der Spitzeneinkommen bei. Gleichzeitig ist innovatives Unternehmertum eine grosse Chance für sozialen Aufstieg und verhindert eine Zementierung der Ungleichheit. Der Wettbewerb durch neue innovative Unternehmen fordert die etablierten Konzerne heraus und verhindert unverdiente Renteneinkommen. Innovative Unternehmensgründungen und die Beseitigung von Marktzutritts- und Wettbewerbsbarrieren fördern inklusives Wachstum, indem sie unproduktiven Vermögenskonzentrationen entgegenwirken.Aghion, Philippe, Ufuk Akcigit, Antonin Bergeaud, Richard Blundell und David Hemous (2019), Innovation and Top Income Inequality, Review of Economic Studies 86, 1–45.
Mehr Bildungsrendite mit richtiger Studienwahl
Authors: Huber Valentine 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDamit staatliche Investitionen in die Hochschulbildung möglichst viel Wirkung entfalten, kommt es sehr darauf an, dass jeder nach seinen Fähigkeiten und Neigungen das passende Studium verwirklichen kann. Wenn der Staat in höhere Kapazitäten investiert und mehr Studienplätze in einer Fachrichtung mit hoher Bildungsrendite schafft, können mehr Studienwerber ihre erstbeste Wahl in diesem Fach verwirklichen und so zu mehr Einkommen und Lebenszufriedenheit kommen. Weil sie von anderen Fachrichtungen in ihr bevorzugtes Fach wechseln, werden andernorts Studienplätze frei. Mindestens so wichtig für die gesamtwirtschaftliche Rendite von Bildungsinvestitionen sind die Gewinne der «Aufrücker», welche mit den frei werdenden Studienplätzen ihre nächst bessere Studienwahl realisieren können. Auch ihre Einkommensgewinne sollten in einer gesamtwirtschaftlichen Beurteilung von Bildungsinvestitionen mitzählen.Kirkeboen, Lars J., Edwin Leuven und Magne Mogstad (2016), Field of Study, Earnings and Self-selection, Quarterly Journal of Economics 131(3), 1057–1112.
Wettbewerbliche Banken fördern das Wachstum
Authors: Konzett Verena Maria 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungWas nützen die besten Ideen, wenn Investitionen und neue Jobs mangels Zugang zu Bankkrediten nicht zustande kommen? Wachstum und Innovation brauchen einen leistungsfähigen Finanzsektor. Wettbewerb regt auch die Banken zu Höchstleistungen an. Indem sie mehr Informationen über ihre Kunden sammeln und ihre Prozesse bei der Auswahl und anschliessenden Überwachung optimieren, gelingt es ihnen besser, die besonders vielversprechenden Unternehmen zu identifizieren. Dadurch, dass die Banken die Kreditvergabe vor allem auf die innovativen und profitablen Unternehmen mit hohem Wachstumspotential lenken, fördern sie die Produktivitätssteigerungen und das Wachstum der Realwirtschaft.Bai, J., D. Carvalho, und G. M. Phillips (2018), The Impact of Bank Credit on Labor Reallocation and Aggregate Industry Productivity, Journal of Finance 63(6), 2787–2836.
RG flows of integrable σ-models and the twist function
Authors: Delduc François , Lacroix Sylvain , Sfetsos Konstantinos , Siampos Konstantinos 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the study of integrable non-linear σ-models which are assemblies and/or deformations of principal chiral models and/or WZW models, a rational function called the twist function plays a central rôle. For a large class of such models, we show that they are one-loop renormalizable, and that the renormalization group flow equations can be written directly in terms of the twist function in a remarkably simple way. The resulting equation appears to have a universal character when the integrable model is characterized by a twist function.
Dispersive Estimates for Full Dispersion KP Equations
Authors: Pilod Didier , Saut Jean-Claude , Selberg Sigmund , Tesfahun Achenef 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe prove several dispersive estimates for the linear part of the Full Dispersion Kadomtsev–Petviashvili introduced by David Lannes to overcome some shortcomings of the classical Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equations. The proof of these estimates combines the stationary phase method with sharp asymptotics on asymmetric Bessel functions, which may be of independent interest. As a consequence, we prove that the initial value problem associated to the Full Dispersion Kadomtsev–Petviashvili is locally well-posed in $$H^s(\mathbb R^2)$$

H
s

(

R
2

)

, for $$s>\frac{7}{4}$$

s
>

7
4

, in the capillary-gravity setting.
Failed meniscal repair increases the risk for osteoarthritis and poor knee function at an average of 9 years follow-up
Authors: Rönnblad Erik , Barenius Björn , Stålman Anders , Eriksson Karl 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of meniscal repair on OA in the knee joint and patient-related outcomes.MethodsThree-hundred and sixteen meniscal repairs performed between 1999 and 2011 were analysed. Patient-related outcome measures were assessed through mailed questionnaires including KOOS, Lysholm score and Tegner activity level. Patients answering the questionnaires were encouraged to perform a radiographic evaluation with Rosenberg views, assessed according to Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) classification. The primary endpoint was to determine the effect of meniscal repair on the development of radiographic OA defined as a KL grade 2 or more.ResultsMean follow-up time was 9.3 years (SD 3.6), 162 (51%) patients answered the questionnaires, and 86 patients completed the X-ray. The odds ratio for OA with a failed meniscus repair was 5.1 (p = 0.007) adjusted for gender and age at time of follow-up. KOOS showed a clinically important difference in the sport and recreation subscale (p = 0.041).ConclusionsThere was an increased risk for OA in the affected compartment with a failed meniscus fixation. This supports the fact that the meniscus is an important protector of the cartilage in the knee. The meniscus injury affects the long-term health-related quality of life according to KOOS and in light of this study we recommend repair of a torn meniscus whenever possible.Level of evidenceIII.
Robotic-arm assisted total knee arthroplasty is associated with improved accuracy and patient reported outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Junren , Ndou Wofhatwa Solomon , Ng Nathan , Gaston Paul , Simpson Philip M. , Macpherson Gavin J. , Patton James T. , Clement Nicholas D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to compare the accuracy of component positioning, alignment and balancing techniques employed, patient-reported outcomes, and complications of robotic-arm assisted total knee arthroplasty (RATKA) with manual TKA (mTKA) and the associated learning curve. Searches of PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar were performed in October 2020 using PRISMA guidelines. Search terms included “robotic”, “knee” and “arthroplasty”. The criteria for inclusion were published clinical research articles reporting the learning curve for RATKA and those comparing the component position accuracy, alignment and balancing techniques, functional outcomes, or complications with mTKA. There were 198 articles identified, following full text screening, 16 studies satisfied the inclusion criteria and reported the learning curve of rTKA (n=5), component positioning accuracy (n=6), alignment and balancing techniques (n=7), functional outcomes (n=7), or complications (n=5). Two studies reported the learning curve using CUSUM analysis to establish an inflexion point for proficiency which ranged from 7 to 11 cases and there was no learning curve for component positioning accuracy. The meta-analysis showed a significantly lower difference between planned component position and implanted component position, and the spread was narrower for RATKA compared with the mTKA group (Femur coronal: mean 1.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–1.55, p<0.00001; Tibia coronal: mean 1.56, 95% CI 1.32–1.81, p<0.00001). Three studies reported using different alignment and balancing techniques between mTKA and RATKA, two studies used the same for both group and two studies did not state the methods used in their RATKA groups. RATKA resulted in better Knee Society Score compared to mTKA in the short-to-mid-term follow up (95%CI [− 1.23,  − 0.51], p=0.004). There was no difference in arthrofibrosis, superficial and deep infection, wound dehiscence, or overall complication rates. RATKA demonstrated improved accuracy of component positioning and patient-reported outcomes. The learning curve of RATKA for operating time was between 7 and 11 cases. Future well-powered studies on RATKAs should report on the knee alignment and balancing techniques utilised to enable better comparisons on which techniques maximise patient outcomes.Level of evidence III.
Making one’s own way: jumping ahead in the capability space and exporting among Indian firms
Authors: Grazzi Marco , Mathew Nanditha , Moschella Daniele 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper provides large scale evidence on the determinants of international competitiveness of Indian manufacturing firms, focusing in particular on the role of technology, costs and imported intermediate inputs. Our evidence suggests that innovation, in particular R&D investment, is positively related to both firms’ probability to export and firms’ export volumes. We also find that imported intermediate inputs, incorporating foreign technology is strongly associated with expanding export activities of firms. Finally, and in contrast to much of previous evidence on developed economies, we find that higher productivity or lower unit labour costs are not systematically associated with the probability to enter export markets, but they are positively related to higher export volumes. Overall our results point to the existence of a pattern of involvement in international trade for firms in developing countries that is not relying as a main driver on cost competitiveness.
In vitro human cell-based TTR-TRβ CALUX assay indicates thyroid hormone transport disruption of short-chain, medium-chain, and long-chain chlorinated paraffins
Authors: Sprengel Jannik , Behnisch Peter A. , Besselink Harrie , Brouwer Abraham , Vetter Walter 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOver the last decades, short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs), medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (MCCPs), and long-chain chlorinated paraffins (LCCPs) have become the most heavily produced monomeric organohalogen compound class of environmental concern. However, knowledge about their toxicology is still scarce, although SCCPs were shown to have effects on the thyroid hormone system. The lack of data in the case of MCCPs and LCCPs and the structural similarity with perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) prompted us to test CPs in the novel TTR-TR CALUX assay for their thyroid hormone transport disrupting potential. Four self-synthesized and additionally purified single chain length CP mixtures (C10-CPs, C11-CPs, C14-CPs and C16-CPs) and two each of industrial MCCP and LCCP products were tested in parallel with PFOA. All CP mixtures influenced the TTR binding of T4, giving activities of 1,300 to 17,000 µg/g PFOA equivalents and lowest observable effect concentrations (LOELs) of 0.95 to 0.029 mM/L incubate. Highest activities and lowest LOELs were observed for C16-CPs (48.3% Cl content, activity 17,000, LOEL 0.047 mM/L) and a LCCP mixture (71.7% Cl content; activity 10,000; LOEL 0.029 mM/L). A trend of higher activities and lower LOELs towards longer chains and higher chlorination degrees was implied, but could not be statistically confirmed. Irrespectively, the less well examined and current-use LCCPs showed the highest response in the TTR-TRβ CALUX assay.
Rapid capillary gel electrophoresis analysis of human milk oligosaccharides for food additive manufacturing in-process control
Authors: Szigeti Marton , Meszaros-Matwiejuk Agnes , Molnar-Gabor Dora , Guttman Andras 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIndustrial production of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) represents a recently growing interest since they serve as key ingredients in baby formulas and are also utilized as dietary supplements for all age groups. Despite their short oligosaccharide chain lengths, HMO analysis is challenging due to extensive positional and linkage variations. Capillary gel electrophoresis primarily separates analyte molecules based on their hydrodynamic volume to charge ratios, thus, offers excellent resolution for most of such otherwise difficult-to-separate isomers. In this work, two commercially available gel compositions were evaluated on the analysis of a mixture of ten synthetic HMOs. The relevant respective separation matrices were then applied to selected analytical in-process control examples. The conventionally used carbohydrate separation matrix was applied for the in-process analysis of bacteria-mediated production of 3-fucosyllactose, lacto-N-tetraose, and lacto-N-neotetraose. The other example showed the suitability of the method for the in vivo in-process control of a shake flask and fermentation approach of 2′-fucosyllactose production. In this latter instance, borate complexation was utilized to efficiently separate the 2′- and 3-fucosylated lactose positional isomers. In all instances, the analysis of the HMOs of interest required only a couple of minutes with high resolution and excellent migration time and peak area reproducibility (average RSD 0.26% and 3.56%, respectively), features representing high importance in food additive manufacturing in-process control.
Graphical abstract