bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment planning system and beam data validation for the ZAP‐X: A novel self‐shielded stereotactic radiosurgery system
Authors: Srivastava Shiv P. , Jani Shyam S. , Pinnaduwage Dilini S. , Yan Xiangsheng , Rogers Leland , Barranco F. David , Barani Igor J. , Sorensen Stephen 
Published: January 2021

PurposeTo evaluate the treatment planning system (TPS) performance of the ZAP‐X stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) system through nondosimetric, dosimetric, and end‐to‐end (E2E) tests.MethodsA comprehensive set of TPS commissioning and validation tests was developed using published guidelines. Nondosimetric validation tests included information transfer, computed tomography–magnetic resonance (CT‐MR) image registration, structure/contouring, geometry, dose tools, and CT density. Dosimetric validation included comparisons between TPS and water tank/Solid Water measurements for various geometries and beam arrangements and end‐to‐end (E2E) tests. Patient‐specific quality assurance was performed with an ion chamber in the Lucy phantom and with Gafchromic EBT3 film in the CyberKnife head phantom. RadCalc was used for independent verification of monitor units. Additional E2E tests were performed using the RPC Gamma Knife thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) phantom, MD Anderson SRS head phantom, and PseudoPatient gel phantom for independent absolute dose verification.ResultsCT‐MR image registrations with known translational and rotational offsets were within tolerance (<0.5 × maximum voxel dimension). Slice thickness and distance accuracy were within 0.1 mm, and volume accuracy was within 0 to 0.11 cm3. Treatment planning system volume measurement uncertainty was within 0.1 to 0.4 cm3. Ion chamber point‐dose measurements for a single beam in a water phantom agreed to TPS‐calculated values within ±4% for collimator diameters 10 to 25 mm, and ±6% for 7.5 mm, for all measured depths (7, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mm). In homogeneous Solid Water, point‐dose measurements agreed to within ±4% for cones sizes 7.5 to 25 mm. With 1‐cm high/low density inserts, measurements were within ±4.2% for cone sizes 10 to 25 mm. Film‐based E2E using 4/5‐mm cones resulted in a gamma passing rate (%GP) of 99.8% (2%/1.5 mm). Point‐dose measurements in a Lucy phantom with an ion chamber using 36 beams distributed along three noncoplanar arcs agreed to within ±4% for cone sizes 10 to 25 mm. The RPC Gamma Knife TLD phantom yielded passing results with a measured‐to‐expected TLD dose ratio of 1.02. The MD Anderson SRS head phantom yielded passing results, with 4% TLD agreement and %GP of 95%/93% (5%/3 mm) for coronal/sagittal film planes. The RTsafe gel phantom gave %GP of >95% (5%/2 mm) for all four targets. For our first 58 patients, film‐based patient‐specific quality assurance has resulted in an average %GP of 98.7% (range, 94–100%) at 2%/2 mm.ConclusionsCore ZAP‐X features were found to be functional. On the basis of our results, point‐dose and planar measurements were in agreement with TPS calculations using multiple phantoms and setup geometries, validating the ZAP‐X TPS beam model for clinical use.
Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea—Dental professionals can play a crucial role
Authors: Fagundes Nathalia Carolina Fernandes , Flores‐Mir Carlos 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe significant contribution of dental professionals to the management of selected adult obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) cases is understood. Among children, it has also been suggested that dental professionals may also help screen and manage this morbidity in selected cases. It has also been noted that our understanding of pediatric OSA lags significantly behind adult OSA. During the screening process for potential pediatric OSA cases, dental professionals may be quite helpful as specific craniofacial abnormalities have been previously associated with pediatric OSA, including Class II malocclusion, vertical facial growth and maxillary transversal deficiency. As dental professionals assess children more frequently than physicians, they can help screen sleep‐disordered breathing signs and symptoms using validated questionnaires. In more advanced cases, orthodontists may be leading contributors to the management of selected cases where a craniofacial involvement is suspected. Rapid maxillary expansion and mandibular or maxillary anterior repositioning devices have been proposed as managing alternatives. So far, there is no substantial evidence if these approaches can be adopted to treat OSA fully or if the reported OSA signs and symptoms improvements observed in a selected group of patients are stable long‐term. Nevertheless, dentists and orthodontists' integration into a transdisciplinary team should be encouraged to play a significant role. This review discusses dentists or orthodontists' potential contribution to screen and manage selective pediatric OSA patients as part of a transdisciplinary team.
Effect of Mixed Isocyanate Curing Agents on the Performance of In Situ‐Prepared HTPE Binder Applied in Propellant
Authors: Chen Keke , Yuan Shen , Wen XiaoMu , Sang Chao , Luo Yunjun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA novel hydroxyl‐terminated block copolymer (HTPE) binder was prepared through an in situ preparation method to replace the traditional HTPE binder. The preparation method is less costly and bypasses the preparation of the HTPE prepolymer intermediate, thus avoiding the complicated prepolymer synthesis process. Uniaxial tensile testing, low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance, and infrared spectroscopy were used to investigate the mechanical properties, curing networks, and hydrogen bonding (H‐bonds) of the binder. The crosslink density (Ve) decreased with an increase in the ratio of −NCO in the IPDI to the total −NCO in the IPDI and N100 (χ). The proportion of H‐bonds formed by the imino groups increased with the IPDI content and reached 86.53 % at a χ value of 90 %, indicating a positive correlation between the H‐bonds and σm. Additionally, to study the pot life of the in situ‐prepared HTPE binder, the rheological properties of the curing reactions were studied. When the χ value was in the range of 50 %–90 %, the pot life of the binder met the composite propellant requirements for military applications. The thermal decomposition behaviors of the in situ‐prepared HTPE binder and the traditional HTPE binder were investigated by the coupling analysis of thermogravimetry‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG‐FTIR), and the novel in situ‐prepared HTPE binder exhibited good thermal stability and superior energetic performance. Compared with the traditional HTPE‐based propellant, the mechanical properties of the in situ‐prepared‐HTPE‐based propellants were greatly improved. With these data, the in situ‐prepared HTPE binder has great potential for application in rocket propellant formulations.
Investigation of Electrically Controlled Ammonium Nitrate – Epoxy Solid Propellant at High Pressures
Authors: Zamir Inna , Ben‐Reuven Moshe , Gany Alon , Grinstein Dan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe effect of electric voltage/power application on the burning rate of solid propellants composed of ammonium nitrate (AN) and epoxy at high pressures was investigated experimentally. Such an effect can yield an effective means for real‐time managing of the thrust of a solid rocket motor. A burning rate increase up to about 4 folds when increasing voltage application from 70 V to 200 V, was demonstrated. It was attributed to energy (heat) release due to an electric current passing through the conductive melt layer formed at the burning surface. The relative increase in burning rate due to electric effect was higher at the lower pressure range, diminishing for the higher‐pressure end because of the lower relative electric energy contribution. The common pressure dependence correlation of the burning rate could be applied only for limited ranges. However, because of the coupling between the pressure and specific electric power (power per unit surface area) effects, a more complex correlation which includes a variable pressure exponent, was revealed and applied successfully to fit the data over a range of specific electric power and pressure.
Effect of an additional health‐professional‐led exercise programme on clinical health outcomes after hip fracture
Authors: Beckmann Monica , Bruun‐Olsen Vigdis , Pripp Are Hugo , Bergland Astrid , Smith Toby , Heiberg Kristi E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeTo examine the effect of an additional 2‐week health professional‐led functional exercise programme compared to usual care for patients after hip fracture during a short‐term nursing home stay directly after hospital discharge.MethodOne hundred and forty participants, 65 years or older with hip fracture, admitted to a short‐term nursing home stay were randomised to an intervention group or control group. Participants in the intervention group (n = 78) received the experimental programme consisted of functional exercises, performed by health care professionals up to four times a day, 7 days a week, in addition to usual care during a 2‐week short‐term nursing home stay. Participants in the control group (n = 62) received usual care alone. Primary outcome was Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Secondary outcomes were Timed Up & Go, New Mobility Score, The University of California, Los Angeles Activity Scale, Fall Efficacy Scale International, The EuroQol five dimension five‐level questionnaire, and Numeric Rating Scale for pain. Outcome measures were assessed after 2 weeks in a short‐term nursing home stay and 3 months after hip fracture surgery. The activity monitor ActivPal registered activity during the 2‐week short‐term nursing home stay.ResultsNo statistically significant differences between groups was found in any outcomes after 2 weeks or 3 months (p > 0.05). There were statistically significant within‐group improvements in primary outcome SPPB and in most secondary outcomes at all time points in both groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionsA 2‐week health professional‐led functional exercise programme in addition to usual care demonstrated no difference in clinical outcomes compared to usual care alone up to 3 months after hip fracture. The patients with hip fracture are fragile and vulnerable in this early phase, and usual physiotherapy may be sufficient to improve their physical function.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02780076.
Initial measurement of beryllium‐9 using high‐resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry allows for more precise applications of the beryllium isotope system within the Earth Sciences
Authors: Sproson Adam D. , Aze Takahiro , Behrens Bethany , Yokoyama Yusuke 
Published: January 2021

RationalePrecise and accurate determination of the ratio of the cosmogenic nuclide 10Be to the stable isotope 9Be (10Be/9Be) is needed across multiple fields of research within the Earth Sciences. Current techniques used to measure the 9Be content of geological materials generally require a large amount of sample or solution aliquot and present a large range of analytical precisions.MethodsA range of geological reference materials underwent whole‐rock dissolution and “strong” (0.04 M NH2OH.HCl in 25% acetic acid) and “weak” (0.02 M NH2OH.HCl in 10% acetic acid) leaching to represent a range of potential applications within the geosciences. After treatment, the 9Be and major element (Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Al and Ti) content of sample solutions were determined by high‐resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR‐ICP‐MS) using a Thermo® ELEMENT XR instrument.ResultsThe 9Be concentration of whole‐rock and leaching solutions displayed a wide range of values within each geological reference material, generally following a uniform relationship implying a potential kinetic control on NH2OH leaching, as suggested by major element profiles. A precision of 0.1 to 1.4% is achieved independent of sample size or leaching strength.ConclusionsInitial results suggest that the use of HR‐ICP‐MS improves the precision of 9Be analysis for a range of geological reference materials. A high precision is maintained despite reducing the sample size or strength of leaching solution. This has implications for the use of the Be isotope system within the Earth Sciences by reducing the propagated uncertainty of 10Be/9Be ratios or the mass of sample or 9Be aliquot used.
A prescribed‐performance‐like control for improving tracking performance of networked robots
Authors: Zhai Di‐Hua , Xia Yuanqing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo balance the performance and implementability of classical predefined performance control algorithm when its hard constraint is violated, this article investigates a switching‐based prescribed‐performance‐like control (PPLC) approach for nonlinear teleoperation systems. To achieve the objective, a switching mechanism is introduced into the classical controller design and based on this, a nonlinear proportional plus auxiliary compensation controller is designed, where a switched filter control technique is employed. By modeling the resulting closed‐loop system as a special switched delayed system and using the piecewise Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional method, the state‐independent input‐to‐output stabilty of closed‐loop system is established, where a feasible range of the “initial” values of piecewise continuous performance function is given to achieve a tradeoff between the closed‐loop stability and overshoot. It is shown that the developed switching‐based PPLC approach obtains better performance than the classical predefined performance control algorithms. Simulations on a pair of 3‐DOF planar arms illustrate the approach.
Multienzyme‐Mimic Ultrafine Alloyed Nanoparticles in Metal Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Chemodynamic Therapy
Authors: Yang Peipei , Tao Jia , Chen Fengfeng , Chen Yuying , He Jiaqi , Shen Kui , Zhao Peng , Li Yingwei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNanozyme‐based chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has emerged as an effective cancer treatment because of its low side effects and without the requirement of exogenous energy. The therapeutic effect of CDT highlights the pivotal importance of active sites, H2O2 supplement and the glutathione (GSH) depletion of a nanozyme. The construction of a single kind of catalyst with multiple functions for the enhanced CDT is still a big challenge. In this work, seven types of bimetallic nanoparticles are synthesized using a metal–organic framework (MOF) as a stable host instead of a Fenton or Fenton‐like ions supplier. Among them, Cu‐Pd@MIL‐101 with an alloy loading of 9.5 wt% modified by PEG (9.5% CPMP) is found to exhibit the highest peroxidase (POD) like activity combined with a superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimic activity and the function of GSH depletion. The in vivo results suggest that the stable and ultrafine nanoparticles possess favorable CDT effect for tumor and good biosafety as well as biocompatibility. This work has provided a credible strategy to construct nanozymes with an excellent activity and may pave a new way for the design of enhanced tumor CDT treatment.
State of the art on composite cold‐formed steel flooring systems
Authors: Karki Dheeraj , Far Harry 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article presents a comprehensive review of the state of the art in composite cold‐formed steel flooring research over the past couple of years. The most relevant and significant literature references were reviewed to provide some insights into trends and developments in composite cold‐formed steel floors. Advantages of this type of composite flooring system are also highlighted. A broad description of mainly two types of composite floor – mainly consisting of cold‐formed steel and concrete, and cold‐formed steel and timber‐based floorboards – are outlined in this study. The experimental and numerical investigations that have been carried out worldwide are likewise discussed in the paper. The most important aspects covered are shear connection behaviour and the flexural and dynamic behaviour of the floors. There is also a brief description of fire testing.
Energizing periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMOS) with bismuth and cerium for photo‐degrading methylene blue and methyl orange in water
Authors: Shahzad Khurram , Imran Khan Muhammad , Elboughdiri Noureddine , Ghernaout Djamel , ur Rehman Aziz 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis work reported an efficient catalyst to reduce the organic pollutants by using an energetic periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMOS) supported with bismuth (Bi‐PMOS) and cerium (Ce‐PMOS). PMOS support was designed through co‐condensation of sodium silicate and 3‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane on polysorbate templates. The resultant PMOSs were fabricated with bismuth and cerium oxides to formulate Bi‐PMOS and Ce‐PMOS, respectively. These materials showed photo‐degradations of methylene blue (MB, 74.7% and 41.1% with Bi‐PMOS and Ce‐PMOS, respectively) and methyl orange (MO, 53.2% and 39.4% with Bi‐PMOS and Ce‐PMOS, respectively). Such efficient photo‐degradations were attributed to the precise doping of metallic nodes of Bi2O3 and CeO2 on the porous structure of PMOS with high surface area. The results also showed that Bi and Ce were more effective in PMOS support for photo‐degradation of dyes as the support provides more lifetime to photo‐generated electron–hole pairs than other materials. Moreover, active reusability and high degradation efficiencies of Bi‐PMOS and Ce‐PMOS proved them better analytical tools to reduce organic pollutants under visible lights.Practitioner points

The oxides of bismuth and cerium have impressive photocatalytic characteristics.
New material energizing mesoporous organosilica with bismuth and cerium for photo‐degradation of methylene blue and methyl orange in water.
The use of an efficient catalyst to reduce the organic pollutants by using an energetic periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMOS) supported with bismuth (Bi‐PMOS) and cerium (Ce‐PMOS).
On the quantization of Seiberg-Witten geometry
Authors: Haouzi Nathan , Oh Jihwan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We propose a double quantization of four-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 Seiberg-Witten geometry, for all classical gauge groups and a wide variety of matter content. This can be understood as a set of certain non-perturbative Schwinger-Dyson identities, following the program initiated by Nekrasov [1]. The construction relies on the computation of the instanton partition function of the gauge theory on the so-called Ω-background on ℝ4, in the presence of half-BPS codimension 4 defects. The two quantization parameters are identified as the two parameters of this background. The Seiberg-Witten curve of each theory is recovered in the flat space limit. Whenever possible, we motivate our construction from type IIA string theory.
Biochemical control after adjuvant radiation therapy for prostate cancer: a unicentric, retrospective analysis
Authors: Zaharie Alexandru-Teodor , Moll Matthias , Goldner Gregor 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To retrospectively evaluate the biochemical no evidence of disease (bNED) and late side effects after adjuvant radiotherapy in prostate cancer patients.

Methods
Patients (n = 85) treated with external beam radiotherapy between 1997 and 2013 following radical prostatectomy (RPE) with pathological tumour stage pT2c with positive surgical margins or pT3 and pT4 tumours with or without positive margins who presented with a postoperative and a preradiation prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level below 0.1 ng/ml. The mean dose applied was 66 Gy with conventional fractionation (4 field box-technique). No androgen deprivation therapy was administered, and patients with incomplete data (missing Gleason score, pT stage, or PSA values postoperatively and/or prior to radiation at the presentation at our department) have been excluded from the analysis. Biochemical recurrence was defined as reaching a PSA level > 0.2 ng/ml during follow-up and bNED rates were assessed. In addition, patients were divided into two groups according to the Roach formula for predicting the risk of pelvic node involvement at a cut-off value of 15%. Late urogenital and gastrointestinal side effects (EORTC/RTOG) were assessed.

Results
After a median follow-up of 60 months the bNED rate was 88% at 5 years and 72% at 10 years for all patients. Patients with low risk of lymph node involvement (group < 15%) had a 5 year and 10 year bNED of 97% and 85%, while patients with high risk of positive lymph node involvement (group > 15%) showed corresponding bNED rates of 77% and 52%, respectively. A significant difference according to the Roach stratification was detected (p ≤ 0.002). Late urogenital (UG) and gastrointestinal (GI) grade ≥ 2 side effects were detected in 10% and 15%, respectively.

Conclusion
Postoperative radiotherapy with an average dose of 66 Gy to the prostatic fossa following RPE provides excellent tumour control rates with acceptable side effects. Patients with a higher risk of positive lymph nodes (> 15%) according to the Roach formula show significant worse tumour control rates.
Auswirkungen der SARS-CoV‑2-Pandemie auf die universitäre Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde im Bereich der Forschung, Lehre und Weiterbildung
Authors: Stöver T. , Dazert S. , Plontke S. K. , Kramer S. , Ambrosch P. , Arens C. , Betz C. , Beutner D. , Bohr C. , Bruchhage K.-L. , Canis M. , Dietz A. , Guntinas-Lichius O. , Hagen R. , Hosemann W. , Iro H. , Klussmann J. P , Knopf A. , Lang S. , Leinung M. , Lenarz T. , Löwenheim H. , Matthias C. , Mlynski R. , Olze H. , Park J. , Plinkert P. , Radeloff A. , Rotter N. , Rudack C. , Bozzato A. , Schipper J. , Schrader M. , Schuler P. J. , Strieth S. , Stuck B. A. , Volkenstein S. , Westhofen M. , Wolf G. , Wollenberg B. , Zahnert T. , Zenk J. , Hoffmann T. K. 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Ab Frühjahr 2020 kam es zur weltweiten Verbreitung von SARS-CoV‑2 mit der heute als erste Welle der Pandemie bezeichneten Phase ab März 2020. Diese resultierte an vielen Kliniken in Umstrukturierungen und Ressourcenverschiebungen. Ziel unserer Arbeit war die Erfassung der Auswirkungen der Pandemie auf die universitäre Hals-Nasen-Ohren(HNO)-Heilkunde für die Forschung, Lehre und Weiterbildung.

Material und Methoden
Die Direktorinnen und Direktoren der 39 Universitäts-HNO-Kliniken in Deutschland wurden mithilfe einer strukturierten Online-Befragung zu den Auswirkungen der Pandemie im Zeitraum von März bis April 2020 auf die Forschung, Lehre und die Weiterbildung befragt.

Ergebnisse
Alle 39 Direktorinnen und Direktoren beteiligten sich an der Umfrage. Hiervon gaben 74,4 % (29/39) an, dass es zu einer Verschlechterung ihrer Forschungstätigkeit infolge der Pandemie gekommen sei. Von 61,5 % (24/39) wurde berichtet, dass pandemiebezogene Forschungsaspekte aufgegriffen wurden. Von allen Kliniken wurde eine Einschränkung der Präsenzlehre berichtet und 97,5 % (38/39) führten neue digitale Lehrformate ein. Im Beobachtungszeitraum sahen 74,4 % der Klinikdirektoren die Weiterbildung der Assistenten nicht gefährdet.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Ergebnisse geben einen Einblick in die heterogenen Auswirkungen der Pandemie. Die kurzfristige Bearbeitung pandemiebezogener Forschungsthemen und die Einführung innovativer digitaler Konzepte für die studentische Lehre belegt eindrücklich das große innovative Potenzial und die schnelle Reaktionsfähigkeit der HNO-Universitätskliniken, um auch während der Pandemie ihre Aufgaben in der Forschung, Lehre und Weiterbildung bestmöglich zu erfüllen.