bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Aristotle’s Biology in Nemesius’ On Human Nature
Authors: Tieleman Teun 
Published: October 2021

Towards the end of the fourth century CE Nemesius, bishop of Emesa in Syria, composed his treatise On Human Nature (Περὶ φύσεως ἀνθρώπου). The nature of the soul and its relation to the body are central to Nemesius’ treatment. In developing his argument, he draws not only on Christian authors but on a variety of pagan philosophers such as Plato, Aristotle, the Stoics and the great physician-cum-philosopher Galen of Pergamum. This paper examines Nemesius’ references to Aristotle’s biology in particular, focusing on a few passages in the light of Aristotle’s Generation of Animals and History of Animals as well as the doxographic tradition. The themes in question are: the status of the intellect, the scale of nature and the respective roles of the male and female in reproduction. Central questions are: Exactly which impact did Aristotle make on his thinking? Was it mediated or direct? Why does Nemesius cite Aristotle and how? Long used as a source for earlier works now lost, Nemesius’ work may provide intriguing glimpses of the intellectual culture of his time. This paper is designed to contribute to this new approach to his work.
Differences in prosocial and agonistic behaviours expressed by Colombian and Spanish children and youth during a game session
Authors: Martínez-Cotrina Jorge , Aponte-Canencio Mauricio , Caicedo-Mera Juan C. , Bohórquez-Alonso Martha L. , Suárez-Rancel Mercedes , Molina-Borja Miguel , Delgado Jairo Muñoz 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We investigated behavioural patterns of school subjects from Colombia and Tenerife (Spain) of 10–12, 13–14 and 15–17 years old (150 per age group), during a crossed puzzle game. We video-recorded all sessions, elaborated an ethogram and classified behavioural patterns within functional categories (Empathy, Help Organizing, Agonistic, Cooperation, Selfishness and Tension-Distension); their frequencies were analyzed by Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM). Results showed significant differences between countries in Help Organizing, Cooperation, Agonistic and Tension-Distension; the same categories except Cooperation differed between age ranges, but no category significantly differed between sexes. GLMM of factor scores from a principal component analysis applied to behavioural categories showed subjects from Colombian schools had significantly lower PC1 factor scores (Empathy, Selfishness and Tension-Distension) than those from Tenerife; the contrary occurred for PC2 (Help Organizing and Cooperation) and no significant difference was found for PC3 (Agonistic and Selfishness). We discuss several potential causes of the differences found.
Communication across multiple sensory modes: quantifying the rich behavioural repertoire of a Neotropical torrent frog
Authors: Augusto-Alves Guilherme , Toledo Luís Felipe 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Anuran communication involves different channels of signal transmission, including acoustic, chemical, seismic, tactile, and visual stimuli. If emitted in combination, the components of the different channels form the multimodal communication, which can be important to reinforce, complement, or transfer fundamental information. This is especially key for species that dwell in noisy environments, such as Hylodes phyllodes. This rheophilic frog species has a complex behavioural repertoire, including acoustic and visual signals. In this study, we quantified and characterized the multimodal communication of this species. We identified and characterized advertisement, territorial, and encounter calls. Additionally, we compared the advertisement calls from the same males when emitted with one or both vocal sacs expanded and found that they differed in temporal and spectral parameters. Hylodes phyllodes performed 16 visual displays, which varied among individuals and populations. We elucidate that visual signalling is easily quantifiable and could be used to compare individuals, populations, and species, as typically done with anuran acoustic signals.
Love, Religion, and Secularity
Authors: Beit-Hallahmi Benjamin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
McCaffree's challenge to traditional definitions of religion, and his suggestion that religiosity is about individual integration into a moral community are discussed. This is taken as an opportunity to examine difficulties in defining religion, and attempts to go around the definition issues by offering analogies. Religious emotion, as discussed by William James and Emile Durkheim, is found to be no different than strong emotions directed at our secular commitments. Devotion, and self-sacrifice are discussed in both religious and secular context. The denial of death and fantasies about an afterlife are central to religion, and are unlikely to disappear in the foreseeable future.
Experiences of the Non-religious in Psychotherapy
Authors: Byrne J. Stephen , Lack Caleb W. , Taylor Kara J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study explores the experiences of non-religious clients in psychotherapy, specifically with regard to unwanted religious interventions. Because individuals who identify as non-religious often experience negative judgments of various kinds, they need a safe and accepting therapeutic environment. In the present study, clients expressed that 36 % of therapists reportedly engaged in either unwanted or unhelpful religious discussion, with 29 % explicitly suggesting a religious intervention for their non-religious clients, such as prayer or attendance at church services. For a small percentage of clients, these suggestions led to premature termination. Implications for professional practice, education, and public policy are suggested.
Statistical Assessment of Spatial Tornado Occurrences in Canada: Modeling and Estimation
Authors: Huang Q. , Jiang W. J. , Hong H. P. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Canada experiences a relatively large number of tornadoes, which can cause a significant amount of damage and fatalities. In this study, a preferred prediction model for the spatially varying tornado occurrence rate is developed for Canada. The development takes into account the most commonly used spatial stochastic models and the underreporting that is due to low population density. It incorporates the annual average cloud-to-ground lightning flash (ACGLF) density and annual average thunderstorm days (ATD) as covariates in the prediction model. The model parameters estimation is carried out by using both the maximum likelihood method and the Bayesian inference. The analysis results indicate that the negative binomial model is preferable to the zero-inflated Poisson model and the Poisson model. The results show that tornado occurrence in Canada is associated with large overdispersion. Also, the statistical analysis indicates that the prediction model for the tornado occurrence rate developed on the basis of Bayesian inference is relatively insensitive to the assumed “noninformative” prior distributions. A prediction model is suggested for the spatially varying tornado occurrence rate based on the negative binomial model with the ACGLF density and ATD as covariates.
Pediatric Neurologists’ Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health Care for Adolescent and Young Adult Women With Epilepsy and Intellectual Disability
Authors: Kirkpatrick Laura , Collins Amy , Harrison Elizabeth , Miller Elizabeth , Patterson Christina , Sogawa Yoshimi , Van Cott Anne C. , Kazmerski Traci M. 
Published: October 2021

Objective: To explore perspectives of pediatric neurologists regarding sexual and reproductive health care for adolescent women with epilepsy (WWE) and intellectual disability. Methods: We interviewed pediatric neurologists regarding sexual and reproductive health for WWE with intellectual disability. We audio-recorded and transcribed interviews and conducted qualitative analysis. Results: 16 pediatric neurologists participated. Themes included the following: (1) Pediatric neurologists have differing perspectives about how intellectual disability affects WWE’s sexual and reproductive health needs, (2) pediatric neurologists provide sexual and reproductive health counseling variable in content and frequency to this population, (3) pediatric neurologists tend to recommend longer-term methods of contraception for this population, and (4) pediatric neurologists are asked to be involved in decision-making around sterilization, yet express ethico-legal reservations. Conclusion: Our findings suggest pediatric neurologists provide variable, often suboptimal, sexual and reproductive health care for WWE and intellectual disability. Themes reveal ethical concerns among neurologists about sexual and reproductive health practices including sterilization. More tailored clinical guidelines and provider training on sexual and reproductive health for this population may be beneficial.
Symptom Prevalence and Place of Death Preference in Advanced Cancer Patients: Factors Associated With the Achievement of Home Death
Authors: Ho Julia Fee Voon , Marzuki Nur Syafiqah , Meseng Nur Syuhadah Monica , Kaneisan Viknaswary , Lum Yin Khek , Pui Eunice Wan Wen , Yaakup Hayati 
Published: October 2021

Objectives: Achievement of patients’ preferred place of death is recognized as a component of a good death. This study aimed to investigate the symptom burden in advanced cancer patients, achievement of their place of death preferences and factors associated with home death. Methods: In this retrospective review of 287 patient deaths, we examined patients’ symptom prevalence, preferred and actual place of death and achievement of their place of death preferences using descriptive statistics. Associations between patient factors, home death preference and actual home death were further analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Results: The most prevalent symptoms were weakness, pain and poor appetite, with a mean of 5.77(SD: 2.37) symptoms per patient. The median interval from palliative care referral to death was 21 (IQR: 74) days. Of the 253 patients with documented place of death preference, 132 (52.1%) preferred home death, 111(43.9%) preferred hospital death, 1 (0.4%) preferred to die at a temple and 9(3.6%) expressed no preference. Overall, 221 of 241(91.7%) patients with known actual place of death achieved their preference. Older patients were more likely to prefer home death (OR 1.021; 95% CI 1.004-1.039, p = 0.018) and die at home (OR 1.023; 95% CI 1.005-1.041, p = 0.014). Gender, marital status, cancer diagnosis and symptoms were not associated with preference for or actual home death. Conclusion: Despite a high symptom burden, most patients preferred and achieved a home death. Late palliative care referral and difficult symptom management contributed to failure to fulfill home death preference. Preference for home death should be considered when managing terminally ill geriatric patients.
Are low doses of non-vitamin K antagonists effective in Chinese patients with atrial fibrillation? A report from the Optimal Thromboprophylaxis in Elderly Chinese Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (ChiOTEAF) registry
Authors: Kotalczyk Agnieszka , Guo Yutao , Wang Yutang , Lip Gregory YH ,   on behalf of the ChiOTEAF Registry Investigators
Published: October 2021

Background Suboptimal low dosages of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are often inappropriately used due to a fear of bleeding, particularly among elderly patients. Such practice is common in Asia, and we aimed to evaluate the use of low-dose NOACs and their impact on clinical outcomes among Chinese patients with atrial fibrillation. Methods The Optimal Thromboprophylaxis in Elderly Chinese Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (ChiOTEAF) registry was a prospective, multicenter study conducted in China from October 2014 to December 2018. For this report, we included NOAC-treated patients with available data on NOAC dosage and one-year follow-up. Logistic regression analysis assessed the association (adjusted for age, sex, prior ischemic stroke, prior major bleeding, heart failure, coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, liver disease, current anemia) between the low doses and study outcomes among NOAC-treated patients, as well as comparisons with non-anticoagulated patients. Results The eligible cohort included 1310 NOAC-treated patients (mean age of 72.1 ± 10.9; 38.9% female), of whom 341 (26.0%) received a low “off-label” dose. The use of low-dose NOACs was independently associated with higher odds of the composite outcome (OR: 2.51; 95% CI: 1.11–5.71) and thromboembolism (OR: 4.73; 95% CI: 1.11–20.01). Compared with non-anticoagulated patients, lower rates of the composite outcome (7.3% vs. 11.3%; p = 0.025) and all-cause death (5.3% vs. 9.7%; p = 0.007) were seen in the low-dose group (ORs 0.50; 95% CI: 0.32–0.78, and 0.42; 95% CI: 0.26–0.70, respectively). Conclusions Low doses of NOACs should not be recommended as a part of standard therapy among Chinese patients with atrial fibrillation as their use was associated with a higher odds ratio of the composite outcome and thromboembolic events compared with standard dose NOAC regimens. Compared to non-treatment, the use of low-dose NOAC may result in a survival benefit (but not thromboembolic reduction) among high-risk patients.
A prognostic model for patients with lymphoma and COVID-19: a multicentre cohort study
Authors: Visco Carlo , Marcheselli Luigi , Mina Roberto , Sassone Marianna , Guidetti Anna , Penna Domenico , Cattaneo Chiara , Bonuomo Valentina , Busca Alessandro , Ferreri Andrés José María , Bruna Riccardo , Petrucci Luigi , Cairoli Roberto , Salvini Marco , Bertù Lorenza , Ladetto Marco , Pilerci Sofia , Pinto Antonello , Ramadan Safaa , Marchesi Francesco , Cavo Michele , Arcaini Luca , Coviello Elisa , Romano Alessandra , Musto Pellegrino , Massaia Massimo , Fracchiolla Nicola , Marchetti Monia , Scattolin Annamaria , Tisi Maria Chiara , Cuneo Antonio , Della Porta Matteo , Trentin Livio , Turrini Marco , Gherlinzoni Filippo , Tafuri Agostino , Galimberti Sara , Bocchia Monica , Cardinali Valeria , Cilloni Daniela , Corso Alessandro , Armiento Daniele , Rigacci Luigi , La Barbera Elettra Ortu , Gambacorti-Passerini Carlo , Visani Giuseppe , Vallisa Daniele , Venditti Adriano , Selleri Carmine , Conconi Annarita , Tosi Patrizia , Lanza Francesco , Candoni Anna , Krampera Mauro , Corradini Paolo , Passamonti Francesco , Merli Francesco ,   on behalf of the ITA-HEMA-COV investigators
Published: October 2021

AbstractLymphoma represents a heterogeneous hematological malignancy (HM), which is characterized by severe immunosuppression. Patients diagnosed of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the course of HM have been described to have poor outcome, with only few reports specifically addressing lymphoma patients. Here, we investigated the clinical behavior and clinical parameters of a large multicenter cohort of adult patients with different lymphoma subtypes, with the aim of identifying predictors of death. The study included 856 patients, of whom 619 were enrolled prospectively in a 1-year frame and were followed-up for a median of 66 days (range 1-395). Patients were managed as outpatient (not-admitted cohort, n = 388) or required hospitalization (n = 468), and median age was 63 years (range 19-94). Overall, the 30- and 100-days mortality was 13% (95% confidence interval (CI), 11% to 15%) and 23% (95% CI, 20% to 27%), respectively. Antilymphoma treatment, including anti-CD20 containing regimens, did not impact survival. Patients with Hodgkin’s lymphoma had the more favorable survival, but this was partly related to significantly younger age. The time interval between lymphoma diagnosis and COVID-19 was inversely related to mortality. Multivariable analysis recognized 4 easy-to-use factors (age, gender, lymphocyte, and platelet count) that were associated with risk of death, both in the admitted and in the not-admitted cohort (HR 3.79 and 8.85 for the intermediate- and high-risk group, respectively). Overall, our study shows that patients should not be deprived of the best available treatment of their underlying disease and indicates which patients are at higher risk of death. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04352556.
Smart nanomaterial and nanocomposite with advanced agrochemical activities
Authors: Kumar Antul , Choudhary Anuj , Kaur Harmanjot , Mehta Sahil , Husen Azamal 
Published: October 2021

AbstractConventional agriculture solely depends upon highly chemical compounds that have negatively ill-affected the health of every living being and the entire ecosystem. Thus, the smart delivery of desired components in a sustainable manner to crop plants is the primary need to maintain soil health in the upcoming years. The premature loss of growth-promoting ingredients and their extended degradation in the soil increases the demand for reliable novel techniques. In this regard, nanotechnology has offered to revolutionize the agrotechnological area that has the imminent potential over conventional agriculture and helps to reform resilient cropping systems withholding prominent food security for the ever-growing world population. Further, in-depth investigation on plant-nanoparticles interactions creates new avenues toward crop improvement via enhanced crop yield, disease resistance, and efficient nutrient utilization. The incorporation of nanomaterial with smart agrochemical activities and establishing a new framework relevant to enhance efficacy ultimately help to address the social acceptance, potential hazards, and management issues in the future. Here, we highlight the role of nanomaterial or nanocomposite as a sustainable as well stable alternative in crop protection and production. Additionally, the information on the controlled released system, role in interaction with soil and microbiome, the promising role of nanocomposite as nanopesticide, nanoherbicide, nanofertilizer, and their limitations in agrochemical activities are discussed in the present review.
Protein kinase C regulates organic anion transporter 1 through phosphorylating ubiquitin ligase Nedd4–2
Authors: Yu Zhou , Liu Chenchang , Zhang Jinghui , Liang Zhengxuan , You Guofeng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) is a drug transporter expressed on the basolateral membrane of the proximal tubule cells in kidneys. It plays an essential role in the disposition of numerous clinical therapeutics, impacting their pharmacological and toxicological properties. The activation of protein kinase C (PKC) is shown to facilitate OAT1 internalization from cell surface to intracellular compartments and thereby reducing cell surface expression and transport activity of the transporter. The PKC-regulated OAT1 internalization occurs through ubiquitination, a process catalyzed by a E3 ubiquitin ligase, neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated 4–2 (Nedd4–2). Nedd4–2 directly interacts with OAT1 and affects ubiquitination, expression and stability of the transporter. However, whether Nedd4–2 is a direct substrate for PKC-induced phosphorylation is unknown.

Results
In this study, we investigated the role of Nedd4–2 phosphorylation in the PKC regulation of OAT1. The results showed that PKC activation enhanced the phosphorylation of Nedd4–2 and increased the OAT1 ubiquitination, which was accompanied by a decreased OAT1 cell surface expression and transport function. And the effects of PKC could be reversed by PKC-specific inhibitor staurosporine. We further discovered that the quadruple mutant (T197A/S221A/S354A/S420A) of Nedd4–2 partially blocked the effects of PKC on Nedd4–2 phosphorylation and on OAT1 transport activity.

Conclusions
Our investigation demonstrates that PKC regulates OAT1 likely through direct phosphorylation of Nedd4–2. And four phosphorylation sites (T197, S221, S354, and S420) of Nedd4–2 in combination play an important role in this regulatory process.
Evolution and structural variations in chloroplast tRNAs in gymnosperms
Authors: Zhao Yu-He , Zhou Tong , Wang Jiu-Xia , Li Yan , Fang Min-Feng , Liu Jian-Ni , Li Zhong-Hu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Chloroplast transfer RNAs (tRNAs) can participate in various vital processes. Gymnosperms have important ecological and economic value, and they are the dominant species in forest ecosystems in the Northern Hemisphere. However, the evolution and structural changes in chloroplast tRNAs in gymnosperms remain largely unclear.

Results
In this study, we determined the nucleotide evolution, phylogenetic relationships, and structural variations in 1779 chloroplast tRNAs in gymnosperms. The numbers and types of tRNA genes present in the chloroplast genomes of different gymnosperms did not differ greatly, where the average number of tRNAs was 33 and the frequencies of occurrence for various types of tRNAs were generally consistent. Nearly half of the anticodons were absent. Molecular sequence variation analysis identified the conserved secondary structures of tRNAs. About a quarter of the tRNA genes were found to contain precoded 3′ CCA tails. A few tRNAs have undergone novel structural changes that are closely related to their minimum free energy, and these structural changes affect the stability of the tRNAs. Phylogenetic analysis showed that tRNAs have evolved from multiple common ancestors. The transition rate was higher than the transversion rate in gymnosperm chloroplast tRNAs. More loss events than duplication events have occurred in gymnosperm chloroplast tRNAs during their evolutionary process.

Conclusions
These findings provide novel insights into the molecular evolution and biological characteristics of chloroplast tRNAs in gymnosperms.
Characterization of fungal communities on shared bicycles in Southwest China
Authors: Peng Lu , Qin Bi , Shen Zhu , Wang Siyu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The widespread use of shared bicycles has increased the demand and sanitary requirements for shared bicycles. Previous studies have identified potentially pathogenic bacteria on the surfaces of shared bicycles, but fungal communities have not been investigated.

Methods
We sampled shared-bicycle handles and saddles from five selected locations in a metropolis (Chengdu, China, n = 98) and used surrounding air deposition samples as controls (n = 12). Full-length ITS sequencing and multiple bioinformatic analyses were utilized to reveal fungal community structures and differences.

Results
Aspergillus was dominant on both the handles and saddles of shared bicycles, and Alternaria and Cladosporium were the most abundant families in the air samples. Significant differences in fungal community structures were found among the three groups. The handle samples contained higher abundances of Aureobasidium melanogenum and Filobasidium magnum than the saddle and air samples. The saddle samples had a higher abundance of Cladosporium tenuissimum than the other two sample types (P < 0·05). A higher abundance of fungal animal pathogens on shared-bicycle surfaces than in air by FUNGuild (P < 0·05). Moreover, the co-occurrence network of fungi on handles was more stable than that on saddles.

Conclusion
There were more potential pathogens, including Aspergillus pseudoglaucus, Aureobasidium melanogenum, Kazachstania pintolopesii, Filobasidium magnum, Candida tropicalis, and Malassezia globose were found on shared bicycles than in air, suggesting that hands should not contact mucous membrane after cycling, especially in susceptible individuals, and hygiene management of shared bicycles should be given more attention by relevant organizations worldwide.