bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct treatment of interaction between laser-field and electrons for simulating laser processing of metals
Authors: Miyamoto Yoshiyuki 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLaser ablation is often simulated by the two-temperature model in which electrons are assumed to be thermalized by laser irradiation, while an explicit representation of interaction between laser-field and electrons is challenging but beneficial as being free from any adjustable parameters. Here, an ab initio method based on the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) in which electron-ion dynamics under a laser field are numerically simulated is examined as a tool for simulating femtosecond laser processing of metals. Laser-induced volume expansion in surface normal directions of Cu(111) and Ni(111) surfaces are simulated by using repeating slab models. The amount of simulated volume expansion is compared between Cu(111) and Ni(111) slabs for the same laser pulse conditions, and the Ni slab is found to expand more than the Cu slab despite the smaller thermal expansion coefficient of Ni compared with Cu. The analyzed electronic excitation and lattice motion were compared to those in the two-temperature model. The threshold fluence to release surface Cu atom deduced from current TDDFT approach is found to be comparable to those of Cu ablation reported experimentally.
Multidisciplinary assessment of the Abbott BinaxNOW SARS-CoV-2 point-of-care antigen test in the context of emerging viral variants and self-administration
Authors: Frediani Jennifer K. , Levy Joshua M. , Rao Anuradha , Bassit Leda , Figueroa Janet , Vos Miriam B. , Wood Anna , Jerris Robert , Van Leung-Pineda  , Gonzalez Mark D. , Rogers Beverly B. , Mavigner Maud , Schinazi Raymond F. , Schoof Nils , Waggoner Jesse J. , Kempker Russell R. , Rebolledo Paulina A. , O’Neal Jared W. , Stone Cheryl , Chahroudi Ann , Morris Claudia R. , Suessmith Allie , Sullivan Julie , Farmer Sarah , Foster Amanda , Roback John D. , Ramachandra Thanuja , Washington CaDeidre , Le Kristie , Cordero Maria C. , Esper Annette , Nehl Eric J. , Wang Yun F. , Tyburski Erika A. , Martin Greg S. , Lam Wilbur A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhile there has been significant progress in the development of rapid COVID-19 diagnostics, as the pandemic unfolds, new challenges have emerged, including whether these technologies can reliably detect the more infectious variants of concern and be viably deployed in non-clinical settings as “self-tests”. Multidisciplinary evaluation of the Abbott BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag Card (BinaxNOW, a widely used rapid antigen test, included limit of detection, variant detection, test performance across different age-groups, and usability with self/caregiver-administration. While BinaxNOW detected the highly infectious variants, B.1.1.7 (Alpha) first identified in the UK, B.1.351 (Beta) first identified in South Africa, P.1 (Gamma) first identified in Brazil, B.1.617.2 (Delta) first identified in India and B.1.2, a non-VOC, test sensitivity decreased with decreasing viral loads. Moreover, BinaxNOW sensitivity trended lower when devices were performed by patients/caregivers themselves compared to trained clinical staff, despite universally high usability assessments following self/caregiver-administration among different age groups. Overall, these data indicate that while BinaxNOW accurately detects the new viral variants, as rapid COVID-19 tests enter the home, their already lower sensitivities compared to RT-PCR may decrease even more due to user error.
Origin of light instability in amorphous IGZO thin-film transistors and its suppression
Authors: Mativenga Mallory , Haque Farjana , Billah Mohammad Masum , Um Jae Gwang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRadiating amorphous In–Ga–Zn–O (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) with deep ultraviolet light (λ = 175 nm) is found to induce rigid negative threshold-voltage shift, as well as a subthreshold hump and an increase in subthreshold-voltage slope. These changes are attributed to the photo creation and ionization of oxygen vacancy states (VO), which are confined mainly to the top surface of the a-IGZO film (backchannel). Photoionization of these states generates free electrons and the transition from the neutral to the ionized VO is accompanied by lattice relaxation, which raises the energy of the ionized VO. This and the possibility of atomic exchange with weakly bonded hydrogen leads to metastability of the ionized VO, consistent with the rigid threshold-voltage shift and increase in subthreshold-voltage slope. The hump is thus a manifestation of the highly conductive backchannel and its formation can be suppressed by reduction of the a-IGZO film thickness or application of a back bias after radiation. These results support photo creation and ionization of VO as the main cause of light instability in a-IGZO TFTs and provide some insights on how to minimize the effect.
Circulating tumor cell copy-number heterogeneity in ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer resistant to ALK inhibitors
Authors: Oulhen Marianne , Pawlikowska Patrycja , Tayoun Tala , Garonzi Marianna , Buson Genny , Forcato Claudio , Manaresi Nicolò , Aberlenc Agathe , Mezquita Laura , Lecluse Yann , Lavaud Pernelle , Naltet Charles , Planchard David , Besse Benjamin , Farace Françoise 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGatekeeper mutations are identified in only 50% of the cases at resistance to Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are relevant tools to identify additional resistance mechanisms and can be sequenced at the single-cell level. Here, we provide in-depth investigation of copy number alteration (CNA) heterogeneity in phenotypically characterized CTCs at resistance to ALK-TKIs in ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer. Single CTC isolation and phenotyping were performed by DEPArray or fluorescence-activated cell sorting following enrichment and immunofluorescence staining (ALK/cytokeratins/CD45/Hoechst). CNA heterogeneity was evaluated in six ALK-rearranged patients harboring ≥ 10 CTCs/20 mL blood at resistance to 1st and 3rd ALK-TKIs and one presented gatekeeper mutations. Out of 82 CTCs isolated by FACS, 30 (37%) were ALK+/cytokeratins-, 46 (56%) ALK-/cytokeratins+ and 4 (5%) ALK+/cytokeratins+. Sequencing of 43 CTCs showed highly altered CNA profiles and high levels of chromosomal instability (CIN). Half of CTCs displayed a ploidy >2n and 32% experienced whole-genome doubling. Hierarchical clustering showed significant intra-patient and wide inter-patient CTC diversity. Classification of 121 oncogenic drivers revealed the predominant activation of cell cycle and DNA repair pathways and of RTK/RAS and PI3K to a lower frequency. CTCs showed wide CNA heterogeneity and elevated CIN at resistance to ALK-TKIs. The emergence of epithelial ALK-negative CTCs may drive resistance through activation of bypass signaling pathways, while ALK-rearranged CTCs showed epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition characteristics potentially contributing to ALK-TKI resistance. Comprehensive analysis of CTCs could be of great help to clinicians for precision medicine and resistance to ALK-targeted therapies.
Comprehensive functional evaluation of variants of fibroblast growth factor receptor genes in cancer
Authors: Nakamura Ikuko Takeda , Kohsaka Shinji , Ikegami Masachika , Ikeuchi Hiroshi , Ueno Toshihide , Li Kunhua , Beyett Tyler S. , Koyama Takafumi , Shimizu Toshio , Yamamoto Noboru , Takahashi Fumiyuki , Takahashi Kazuhisa , Eck Michael J. , Mano Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVarious genetic alterations of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family have been detected across a wide range of cancers. However, inhibition of FGFR signaling by kinase inhibitors demonstrated limited clinical effectiveness. Herein, we evaluated the transforming activity and sensitivity of 160 nonsynonymousFGFRmutations and ten fusion genes to seven FGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) using the mixed-all-nominated-in-one (MANO) method, a high-throughput functional assay. The oncogenicity of 71 mutants was newly discovered in this study. The FGFR TKIs showed anti-proliferative activities against the wild-type FGFRs and their fusions, while several hotspot mutants were relatively resistant to those TKIs. The drug sensitivities assessed with the MANO method were well concordant with those evaluated using in vitro and in vivo assays. Comprehensive analysis of published FGFR structures revealed a possible mechanism through which oncogenicFGFRmutations reduce sensitivity to TKIs. It was further revealed that recurrent compound mutations within FGFRs affect the transforming potential and TKI-sensitivity of corresponding kinases. In conclusion, our study suggests the importance of selecting suitable inhibitors against individualFGFRvariants. Moreover, it reveals the necessity to develop next-generation FGFR inhibitors, which are effective against all oncogenicFGFRvariants.
Cuticular modified air sacs underlie white coloration in the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae
Authors: Rebora Manuela , Salerno Gianandrea , Piersanti Silvana , Kovalev Alexander , Gorb Stanislav 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHere, the ultrastructure and development of the white patches on thorax and head of Bactrocera oleae are analysed using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy. Based on these analyses and measurements of patch reflectance spectra, we infer that white patches are due to modified air sacs under transparent cuticle. These air sacs show internal arborisations with beads in an empty space, constituting a three-dimensional photonic solid responsible for light scattering. The white patches also show UV-induced blue autofluorescence due to the air sac resilin content. To the best of our knowledge, this research describes a specialized function for air sacs and the first observation of structural color produced by tracheal structures located under transparent cuticles in insects. Sexual dimorphism in the spectral emission also lays a structural basis for further investigations on the biological role of white patches in B. oleae.
Delayed output feedback based leader–follower and leaderless consensus control of uncertain multiagent systems
Authors: Soni Sandeep Kumar , Xiong Xiaogang , Sachan Ankit , Kamal Shyam , Ghosh Sandip 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a distributed artificially delayed output feedback‐based leader–follower and leaderless consensus control for the uncertain general linear multiagent systems (MASs) with an arbitrary relative degree. Based on the measured relative output and their delayed information with respect to neighbours, two distributed controllers are designed, which relaxes the requirement of all relative states information of agents. Through the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) are formulated, and these LMIs are feasible for arbitrary small delays selected by the user. Delay‐dependent sufficient conditions are provided to guarantee the asymptotic convergence of nominal error systems and ultimately uniform boundedness in the case of a perturbed error system, using the input to state stability (ISS) theory. Finally, the efficacy of the proposed method is illustrated through numerical examples.
Analysis and modelling of rampart line antennas
Authors: Sacco Giulia , Caytan Olivier , Pisa Stefano , Visser Hubregt J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA new, efficient, and accurate analytical model is introduced for estimating the beam direction of rampart line antennas with microstrip radiators that can change beam direction with feeding frequency. The model takes its origins from 1‐D array theory, in which the bends represent the radiating elements, and the interconnecting lines represent the phase shifters. A mathematical expression accounting for the equivalent length of the bends for the correct estimation of the distance between the radiators is introduced. The model was tested for various substrate relative permittivity values ranging from 2.9 to 6.45. This model can be used for arbitrary rampart line configurations by providing the equivalent dipole direction, depending on the orientation of the bends. An alternative geometry was proposed to reduce the coupling between the parallel line segments. A prototype operating in a bandwidth of 1 GHz around 7.8 GHz was realized on a Rogers RO4350B high‐frequency laminate with a thickness of 1.524 mm. Both the radiation pattern and the reflection coefficient were measured and show a good agreement with the proposed analytical model and commercial full‐wave simulation tool results.
A transformerless three‐level three‐phase boost PWM inverter for PV applications
Authors: Palanisamy Aswin , Siwakoti Yam P. , Mahajan Akshay , Long Teng , Kashani Omid Forati , Blaabjerg Frede 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMultilevel converters have seen rising demands in the past decades, due to their increased power ratings, enhanced power quality, low switching losses and reduced electromagnetic interference. Prominent among them are the three‐level (3L) neutral point clamped and the flying capacitor inverter topologies along with their derivatives. Nevertheless, the main drawback of these topologies is the requirement of a front‐end boost DC–DC converter to compensate the high dc‐link voltage demand, which is usually twice the grid peak voltage. This multi‐stage power conversion further pulls down the overall system efficiency. A single‐stage dc–ac power converter with boost capability offer an interesting alternative compared to the two stage approach. Considering this aspect, a novel three‐level three‐phase boost type inverter is introduced in this paper for general‐purpose applications (prominently grid‐connected renewable energy). The proposed inverter would reduce the DC‐link voltage requirement to half using the same or even less number of active and passive components, compared to the conventional three‐level neutral point clamped and flying capacitor family. The principle of operation and theoretical analysis are discussed in detail. The design methodology along with simulation and experimental waveforms for a 5 kVA inverter are presented to prove the concept of the proposed inverter topology for practical applications.
Knowledge‐aided block sparse Bayesian learning STAP for phased‐array MIMO airborne radar
Authors: Cui Ning , Xing Kun , Duan Keqing , Yu Zhongjun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe phased‐array multiple‐input multiple‐output (PA‐MIMO) airborne radar faces more severe sample shortage problem than the conventional PA radar. Hence, it suffers from severe performance degradation when it adopts the traditional space‐time adaptive processing (STAP) methods. Fortunately, the introduction of sparse recovery (SR) brings a novel perspective to reducing the sample requirement. However, most existing SR‐STAP methods only consider the clutter sparsity as prior information. In fact, more useful information, such as radar parameters, ground environment, airplane state, can all be obtained in advance and further utilised to improve the performance of SR‐STAP. In this study, the clutter structure, obtained based on the abovementioned prior knowledge, is utilised in the block SR‐STAP in the PA‐MIMO airborne radar. The clutter suppression performance is poor when the block SR algorithm is directly applied into the STAP because the clutter structure is destroyed by common vectorisation operation. To solve this problem, the vectorisation operation is first redesigned based on the clutter distribution characteristics and a novel dictionary is constructed. A basic block sparse Bayesian learning STAP scheme is then proposed in the PA‐MIMO radar’s application. The numerical experiments illustrate that the proposed method can achieve satisfactory performance with a few training samples and outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art SR‐STAP methods.
The translation of images and West Indian creole into Spanish in Sam Selvon’s The Lonely
Londoners
Authors: Castillo Bernal Pilar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Sam Selvon’s The Lonely Londoners is considered a classic of West Indian literature in the style
of Migrant Modernism (Brown 2013). First published in post-war London in 1956, it was
not translated into Spanish until 2016, probably due to the challenging features of the novel and its language. A case of text
creolisation (Buzelin 2000), the translation of the novel required an active effort to
construct a language variant that could convey Selvon’s peculiar literary style and sociopolitical intent. The present work aims
to investigate the images of West Indians portrayed in the original novel and, more specifically, how they are transposed into the
Spanish text. The research method includes an account of the editorial process, an interview with the translator, and an analysis
of the paratexts and translation excerpts. Finally, the reception of the translation in literary reviews shall also be
discussed.
Controlled information transfer in continuous-time chiral quantum walks
Authors: Khalique A , Sett A , Wang J B , Twamley J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper we investigate properties of continuous time chiral quantum walks, which possess complex valued edge weights in the underlying graph structure, together with an initial Gaussian wavefunction spread over a number of vertices. We demonstrate that, for certain graph topology and phase matching conditions, we are able to direct the flow of probability amplitudes in a specific direction inside the graph network. We design a quantum walk graph analogue of an optical circulator which is a combination of a cycle and semi-infinite chain graphs. Excitations input into the circulator from a semi-infinite chain are routed in a directionally biased fashion to output to a different semi-infinite chain. We examine in detail a two port circulator graph which spatially separates excitations flowing back in forth between the two semi-finite chains to directionally occupy the top or bottom half of the cycle portion of the circulator. This setup can be used, for example, to detect non-Markovian processes, which leads to information and energy back-flow from the bath back into the system.
Effects of van der Waals interactions on the phonon transport properties of tetradymite compounds
Authors: Li M K , Sheng C Y , Hu R , Han S H , Yuan H M , Liu H J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Unlike tremendous works on the electronic structures of tetradymite compounds, studies of their thermal properties are relatively rare. Here, first-principles calculations and Boltzmann theory are combined to investigate the phonon transport of such kind of layered materials. Using four binary tetradymites as prototypical examples, it is interesting to find that the weak van der Waals (vdW) interactions play an important role in determining their lattice thermal conductivities, which are obviously higher than those without the consideration of vdW, especially for the out-of-plane direction. In principle, such enhanced phonon transport can be attributed to the decreased interlayer spacing caused by the presence of vdW, which effectively reduces the strong anharmonicity of the systems. Indeed, we observe relatively smaller Grüneisen parameter together with larger phonon group velocity and relaxation time. Our theoretical work demonstrates the vital importance of the seemingly weak vdW forces in predicting the phonon transport properties of various layered structures.
Suppression of MHD modes with active phase-control of probe-injected currents
Authors: Brooks John W. , Bialek James , Hansen Chris J. , Levesque Jeffrey P. , Mauel Michael E. , Navratil Gerald A. , Saperstein Alex , Stewart Ian G. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Active phase-control of probe-injected current is shown to both suppress and amplify long-wavelength rotating magnetohydrodynamic instabilities in the HBT-EP tokamak. Four probes are connected in quadrature and energized to drive non-axisymmetric currents through the edge of the tokamak, creating magnetic perturbations comparable to previously-studied saturated kink modes or resonant magnetic perturbations that are generated by an external control coil array. Measurements of the magnetic perturbations from the probe-injected currents determine a set of current-carrying helical filaments used to model active feedback control of resistive wall modes. These experiments suggest current-injection feedback may be an effective alternative to external control coils for control of RWMs and other long-wavelength kink-like modes at the edge of tokamaks.
Dynamics of 2D material membranes
Authors: Steeneken Peter G , Dolleman Robin J , Davidovikj Dejan , Alijani Farbod , van der Zant Herre S J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The dynamics of suspended two-dimensional (2D) materials has received increasing attention during the last decade, yielding new techniques to study and interpret the physics that governs the motion of atomically thin layers. This has led to insights into the role of thermodynamic and nonlinear effects as well as the mechanisms that govern dissipation and stiffness in these resonators. In this review, we present the current state-of-the-art in the experimental study of the dynamics of 2D membranes. The focus will be both on the experimental measurement techniques and on the interpretation of the physical phenomena exhibited by atomically thin membranes in the linear and nonlinear regimes. We will show that resonant 2D membranes have emerged both as sensitive probes of condensed matter physics in ultrathin layers, and as sensitive elements to monitor small external forces or other changes in the environment. New directions for utilizing suspended 2D membranes for material characterization, thermal transport, and gas interactions will be discussed and we conclude by outlining the challenges and opportunities in this upcoming field.
Nanofibrous membrane through multi-needle electrospinning with multi-physical field coupling
Authors: Zhu Ziming , Zheng GaoFeng , Zhang Rongguang , Xu Guojie , Zeng Jun , Guo Rui , Wei Xue , Wang Han 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The mass electrospinning is the key way to promote the industrial application of nanofibrous membrane, in which the multi-parameter controlling is the challenge for the multi-needle electrospinning. A constant temperature and humidity environment was introduced to studied the effect of process parameters on the ejection process of multi-needle electrospinning process. This article focused on the nanofiber deposition behaviors of multi-needle electrospinning from two different polymer solution of aqueous solution of poly (ethylene oxide) and the non-aqueous solution of polyvinylidene fluoride. We found that the same humidity has opposite effects on the deposition morphology of the water-soluble material PEO and the non-water-soluble material PVDF electrospun fiber. At the same time, we explored the effects of solution conductivity, solvent volatility, temperature and viscosity on electrospinning on water-insoluble and water-soluble materials. What this paper aim is to provide a process debugging reference for the batch preparation of nanofibers of different materials by multi-needle electrospinning.