bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurial Motivation in University Business Students: A Latent Profile Analysis based on Self-determination Theory
Authors: Lu Irene R. R. , Kwan Ernest , Heslop Louise A. , Brouard Francois , Isabelle Diane A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The development of entrepreneurship education (EE) has become a top priority for many universities around the world. Accordingly, the objectives of this paper are to identify motivation profiles of university business students, to determine how profile membership predicts students’ entrepreneurial intention and interest to study entrepreneurship, and to identify predictors of membership in these motivation profiles. To achieve these objectives, our method entails the application of self-determination theory (SDT) in a person-centered analysis. Our study is, in fact, the first application of the full range of motivations from SDT to define students’ entrepreneurial motivations; furthermore, we use latent profile analysis to identify groups of students that can be distinguished according to these motivations. We discover four groups of students: 1) uniformly lowly motivated, 2) indifferent, 3) conflicted, and 4) uniformly highly and intrinsically motivated. We find that students in these groups differ with regard to their interest to study entrepreneurship and their intention to be entrepreneurs. We also identify psychological traits and background factors that could explain the group membership. We discuss the implications of these findings on the promotion and delivery of EE, and on how students may be motivated to become entrepreneurs.
Genetic variants and risk of thyroid cancer among Iranian patients
Authors: Jamshidi Mohammad , Farnoosh Gholamreza , Mohammadi Pour Somayeh , Rafiee Fatemeh , Saeedi Boroujeni Ali , Mahmoudian-Sani Mohammad-Reza 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The definition of an exclusive panel of genetic markers is of high importance to initially detect among this review population. Therefore, we gave a summary of each main genetic marker among Iranian patients with thyroid cancer for the first time which were classified based on their cellular function. Due to the results, a significant relationship was found between SNP in codons 194, 280, and 399 (XRCC1), Allele 3434Thr (XRCC7), GC or CC genotype 31, G/C (Survivin), 399G>A (XRCC1), Tru9I (vitamin D receptor), G‐D haplotype (MDM2), TT genotype, −656 G/T (IL-18), TAGTT haplotype (IL-18), G allele in +49 A>G (CTLA-4), +7146 G/A (PD-1.3), +7785 C/T (PD-1.5), rs1143770 (let7a‐2), rs4938723 (pri‐mir‐34b/c) genes, and thyroid cancers. Moreover, SNP in 677C-->T (MTHFR), GG genotype Asp1312Gly (thyroglobulin), 2259C>T (Rad52), R188H, (XRCC2), T241M (XRCC3) had higher risks of thyroid cancer and lower risks were observed in −16 Ins-Pro (p53), rs3742330 (DICER1). At last, the protective effects were explored in 127 CC genotype (IL-18), rs6877842 (DROSHA). Conduct further studies on the types of DNA repair gene polymorphisms with a larger number in the thyroid cancer using modern methods such as SNP array so that these genes could be used as a biomarker in prediction, diagnosis, and treatment of thyroid cancer. This review presents for the first time a summary of important genetic markers in Iranian patients with thyroid cancer.
Instabilities of a freely moving spherical particle in a Newtonian fluid: Direct Numerical Simulation
Authors: Li Yuxiu , Tiwari Shashank S. , Evans Geoffrey M. , Nandakumar Krishnaswamy , Joshi Jyeshtharaj B. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) were carried out for a freely falling/rising rigid particle in an otherwise quiescent fluid, using a non-Lagrangian multiplier based fictitious domain (FD) method. Validation studies showed that the proposed FD based DNS are in good agreement with the existing experimental results in the transition regime of falling/rising spheres. Simulations done in the transitional regime (50 < Reynolds number (Re) < 1800 and solid-to-fluid density ratios

Γ
=

ρ
p

/

ρ
f

${\Gamma}={\rho }_{p}/{\rho }_{f}$

from 0.08 to 4), confirmed that (i) a falling spherical particle (Γ = 4) exhibits a helical trajectory in the range 270 < Re < 320, and (ii) a rising particle (Γ = 0.5) shows a zig-zagging trajectory in the same range of Re. This finding closes the uncertainty to the question as to whether or not rising/falling particles exhibit a helical and a zig-zagging trajectory. In addition to this, a total of seven distinctive flow regimes were identified, which are as follows: (I) vertical straight path (II) steady oblique path (III) Wavy oblique path (IV) zig-zagging path (for 0.08 < Γ < 1) (V) helical path (for 1 < Γ < 4) (VI) early transition to chaos and (VII) chaotic regime. Regime IV occurs only for light particles (Γ < 1), whereas Regime V occurs only for heavy particles (Γ > 1). Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis characterized the presence of a bimodal frequency similar to that exhibited by flow past an isolated stationary bluff body.
Mesoporous KIT-6 supported Cr and Co-based catalysts for microwave-assisted non-oxidative ethane dehydrogenation
Authors: Eslek Koyuncu Dilsad Dolunay 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the present study, mono and bi-metallic catalysts containing Cr and Co were prepared by impregnating the hydrothermally prepared mesoporous KIT-6 support with 5–10 wt% total metal content. The well-ordered three-dimensional mesoporous structure of the KIT-6 support was confirmed by small angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. N2 adsorption-desorption analysis results showed that the mesoporous structure of KIT-6 was preserved after metal loading. Structural bonds of KIT-6 support and prepared catalysts were determined by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The pyridine adsorbed diffuse reflectance FT-IR (DRIFT) spectroscopy results revealed the presence of Lewis acid sites on the surface of the catalysts. Activity experiments were carried out in a microwave-heated continuous-flow fixed bed reactor system at temperature range of 350–650 °C and feed ratios of Ethane/Argon: 1/2, 1/1, 2/1 with a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 18,000 ml/h.gcat. The 5Cr@KIT-6 catalyst exhibited high ethane conversion (63.5%) while the highest ethylene/hydrogen ratio (0.98) was obtained with the 2.5Cr2.5Co@KIT-6 catalyst at 450 °C. It was concluded that high temperatures (above 450 °C) facilitate the formation of side reactions and the production of aromatic compounds. The high catalytic activities of mesoporous catalysts were thought to be due to hot spots in the microwave reactor system.
CFD-DEM simulation of powders clogging in a packed bed with lateral inlet
Authors: Liu Yingchao , Wang Jingbin , Liu Yanjun , Li Lihong , Zhou Heng , She Xuefeng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Clogging behavior of powder particles in packed bed is a longstanding engineering challenge in many industrial processes, of particular interests to ironmaking reactors. In this work, a CFD-DEM model was developed to investigate the powders clogging in a packed bed with lateral inlet. The flow and clogging of powders of varying gas velocities flowing through the packed bed were studied. The results showed that two kinds of clogging powders inside the porous can be observed. One is mainly due to mechanical interactions between powder particles, which can create arches on packed bed and stop the flow. When the powders form a bridge across the pore throat of the orifice, the bottleneck of void space becomes the starting point for blockage formation. The other represents a part of clogging powders which is due to drag force and friction between one small particle rolling very slowly on the surface of large particles whose spacing is close to the diameter of powders. The powders distribution, mechanical behavior and pressure drop were also discussed. The findings of this work provides a fundamental understanding on clogging behavior of powders in a packed bed with lateral inlet, and is useful for industry processes’ understanding and optimization.
Degradation of basic violet 16 dye by electro-activated persulfate process from aqueous solutions and toxicity assessment using microorganisms: determination of by-products, reaction kinetic and optimization using Box–Behnken design
Authors: Hasani Kamal , Moradi Mina , Mokhtari Seiyed Ahmad , sadeghi Hadi , Dargahi Abdollah , Vosoughi Mehdi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study was performed to determine the efficiency of the electro/persulfate process to remove basic violet 16 (BV16) dye and COD from aqueous solutions. The present study was experimentally performed on a laboratory scale. The effect of pH on the process was investigated independently, and after performing the experiments, the effect of voltage (volts), the dose of persulfate (g/L), initial concentration of BV16 dye, and electrolysis time was investigated with the model presented by Box Behnken design, and optimal conditions for BV16 dye removal was obtained. Under optimal conditions, COD removal efficiency and toxicity changes during the process were calculated, and the effect of distance between electrodes and surface of electrodes on process efficiency was investigated. By-products of oxidative degradation were determined with LS-MS. The amount of electrical energy consumed by the process was investigated by voltage changes and then the kinetics of the process was investigated by a pseudo-first-order model. The results showed that the electro/persulfate process in optimal conditions including pH of 5, a voltage of 11.43 V, persulfate dose of 0.09 g/L, initial BV16 concentration of 45 mg/L, and electrolysis time of 48.5 min could provide BV16 dye removal efficiency of 95% and COD removal efficiency of 57.14%. Findings of electrical energy consumption showed that with increasing voltage, the efficiency of the process increased, but the amount of energy consumption also increased. Under optimal conditions, increasing distance between the electrodes was led to a decrease in removal efficiency, but the removal efficiency increased with the increasing surface of the electrodes. Based on the kinetic results, the electro/persulfate process followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with R
2 = 0.9956. The present study showed that the electro/persulfate process as a useful technique has high efficiency in removing BV16 dye and its toxicity from aqueous solutions and can be effective and useful in removing the COD of solution.
CFD simulation of ultrasonic atomization pyrolysis reactor: the influence of droplet behaviors and solvent evaporation
Authors: Wang Jian , Wu Jichuan , Yuan Shouqi , Yan Wei-Cheng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Previous work showed that particle behaviors in ultrasonic atomization pyrolysis (UAP) reactor have a great influence on the transport and collection of particles. In this study, the effects of droplet behaviors (i.e. droplet collision and breakage) and solvent evaporation on the droplet size, flow field and collection efficiency during the preparation of ZnO particles by UAP were investigated. The collision, breakage and solvent evaporation conditions which affect the droplet size distribution and flow pattern were considered in CFD simulation based on Eulerian-Lagrangian method. The results showed that droplet collision and breakage would increase the droplet size, broaden the droplet size distribution and hinder the transport of droplets. Solvent evaporation obviously changed the flow pattern of droplets. In addition, both droplet behaviors and solvent evaporation reduced the collection efficiency. This study could provide detail information for better understanding the effect of droplet behaviors and solvent evaporation on the particle production process via UAP reactor.
Suppression of very fast transients in 245 kV gas insulated substation
Authors: Visakan Subramania Prasad , Rao Mandava Mohana , Kumar Mritunjay , Sunitha Karakkad 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Very Fast Transient Over voltages (VFTOs) generate during operation of the disconnector switches or circuit breakers in a gas insulated substation (GIS). These transient voltages stress the insulation system in GIS and further result in mal-operation of the control circuitry as well as the secondary equipment connected to it. Since the VFTOs affect the reliability of GIS, it is necessary to mitigate them. This paper presents the mitigation of the very fast transient over voltages and the associated very fast transient currents (VFTCs) using the nano-crystalline rings in a 245 kV GIS. The mitigation in the peak amplitude of VFTOs and VFTCs at various locations in the GIS for various switching configurations are analyzed in this paper. The nano-crystalline rings of different geometries and permeabilities are considered to understand the damping effect being offered. The nano-crystalline rings are considered at all the possible switches of 245 kV GIS bays. An equivalent circuit model of the nano-crystalline ring is obtained through an iterative algorithm. The very fast transients have been calculated using Electromagnetic Transients Program software. Further, attenuation in the dominant frequency components of VFTOs and VFTCs at different GIS components is also studied for various switching configurations with nano-crystalline rings.
Connections between measured and assessed fluency in L2 peer interaction: a problem-solving perspective
Authors: Peltonen Pauliina 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article examines the connections between ratings and measures of second language (L2) fluency based on dialogue data, extending previous studies on L2 individual fluency. The links between fluency and strategic competence are studied from a problem-solving perspective. Fifteen raters’ assessments and comments of individual fluency, interactional fluency, and strategic competence based on six samples of L2 peer interaction were examined. Fluency measures corresponded to the rated dimensions. In a mixed-methods analysis, correlational analyses across the ratings and between the ratings and fluency measures were performed. The raters’ comments were analyzed qualitatively. The results demonstrated correlations between the ratings and measures of fluency for individual and interactional fluency, but not for strategic competence. The mean length of turn pauses correlated strongly with interactional fluency ratings. The raters’ comments revealed a multifaceted conceptualization of interactional fluency and strategic competence. The results have implications for L2 fluency measurement and assessment.
Protective effect of Elateriospermum tapos in maternal obesity-induced deficit cognitive function of the offspring
Authors: Abidin Azrina Zainal , Rosli Nurain Syahirah , Segaran Santhra , Jasni Azmiza Syawani , Bahari Hasnah 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Pre-pregnancy obesity is a serious epidemics concern that negatively affects the neurodevelopmental of the offspring. Elateriospermum tapos (E. tapos) commonly used to enhance weight loss in obesity treatment. This study was aimed to investigate the influence of E. tapos supplement in obese maternal prior pregnancy on the offspring’s bodyweight, lipid metabolism and memory function.

Methods
Thirty female Sprague Dawley rats were used. Six rats were assigned to the normal diet group (DND). The remaining rats were fed with a high-fat and cafeteria diet (HFCD) to generate obesity for 5 weeks. Obese rats were further divided into four groups: Negative Control (DNC; HFCD), Positive Control (DPC; Orlistat 200 mg/kg), treatment 1 (DTX1; E. tapos seed 200 mg/kg) and treatment 2 (DTX2, E. tapos shell 200 mg/kg) were given daily, for 6 weeks prior to mating. At weaning, offspring of both genders were designated into six groups according to their dam’s group (n=6/group). All groups were fed with a cafeteria diet except for the control group. Memory tasks for object and place recognition were conducted on offspring at eighth weeks of age. The offspring were cull at the 12th week of age for their blood sample.

Results
Both offspring genders from DTX2 significantly reduce bodyweight, calorie intake and triglyceride level. In memory tasks, offspring from DTX2 showed a significant increase in exploration rate in place test as compared to offspring from the DNC group.

Conclusions
This study highlights E. tapos shell as an anti-obesity agent and protecting memory deficit in obese dam’s offspring.
Historical account of endocrinal disorders in Unani medicine
Authors: Alam Md Anzar , Quamri Mohd Aleemuddin , Sofi Ghulamuddin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Hippocratic doctrine of four humors and qualities is implicated to be a pioneer of modern endocrinology because of the concept of dyscrasia. Imbalance in humors causes disease. Unani scholars were aware of endocrinological disorders like endocrinologic syndrome (i.e., association of amenorrhea and galactorrhoea in a non-pregnant woman), castration, contraceptives techniques, infertility, obesity, diabetes etc., and also their mode of remedy, albeit with a phenomenological approach. Their understanding of the symptoms and signs related to endocrinologic syndromes, which were explained in detail in the recent account of the endocrine system, is presented here with historical chronology. The survey was carried out from the literature of the Unani system of medicine, and the same was analyzed from the observations reported in various indexed journals and reputed books. The paper details the account of endocrinologic syndrome from the Greek era to the end of the medieval ages.
Analysis three dispersion compensation techniques using DCF
Authors: Kheris Saliha , Bouabdallah Badra 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Dispersion is one of the very important parameters that effect on the performance of optical fiber communication systems. It causes pulse broadening, limiting of transmission distance and low bit rate. Dispersion compensation fiber (DCF) is widespread used in the dispersion compensation scheme. In this paper, the suggested DCF included (pre–post-symmetrical) schemes with various bit rates (10–60 Gbit/s), and the positive dispersion accumulated over the length of the fiber at 100 km of optical fiber with 21.25 km of DCF. Optisystem software version 7 is used to design simulation model. The performances have been compared on the basis of parameters such as Q factor, bit error rate (BER) and eye height which used to evaluate the performance analysis of the system. We concluded that the symmetrical compensation techniques are better than the other compensation schemes when the Q factor is 14.9536 and BER is 1.759842.10−0.22, these at 60 Gbit/s and the input cw laser frequency equal 193.1 THz.
International Relations, New Global Studies, and the Epistemic Power of the Image
Authors: Durante Tommaso 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe live in an ever increasingly globalized and highly mediatized world dominated by images, in which machine learning helps the pervasive real cameras to scan and analyze our daily life. At the same time, visual media technologies and global echo-chambers are able to support revolutions or mobilize protest movements across the globe. Yet, in the field of international relations and new global studies, the dynamics of globalization are still generally approached by means of textual-philosophical investigation and the unit of analysis of the nation-state or the global cities, by looking with suspicion at, if not disregarding, the surplus of value of the image. In challenging some of the basic assumptions of globalization hypothesis, this study addresses the following research question: how has globality been transformed by globalized spatial practices of resistance? Informed by theory and methodologically articulated, this article calls for the epistemic function and power of images in the study of globalization. It also highlights strengths and weaknesses of a visual approach in the meaning-making process of the symbolic and social construction of the common sense of the global in people’s everyday life, under present conditions.
Reflections on the Relationship between the Government and Civil Society Organizations during the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Israeli Case
Authors: Schmid Hillel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper analyzes the relations between the government and Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel. The paper presents the inconsistent policy of the government, which has been influenced by various interest groups and the very limited financial support allocated to CSOs during the health, economic and social crisis. The paper describes the government’s alienated attitude toward the CSOs as well as the reasons for that behavior. Special attention is devoted to the government’s misunderstanding of the mission and roles of CSOs in modern society, especially at times of crisis and national disasters. The paper also analyzes the organizational and strategic behavior of CSOs toward the government, which has also contributed to the alienated attitude of the government toward them. I argue that relations between CSOs and the government should be based on more trust, mutuality, and understanding on the part of both actors in order to change power-dependence relations, and that there is a need to establish more cross-sectoral partnerships for the benefit of citizens.
Detection of metal ions in biological systems: A review
Authors: Zheng Xian , Cheng Wenyu , Ji Chendong , Zhang Jin , Yin Meizhen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Metal ions are widely present in biological systems and participate in many critical biochemical processes such as material transportation, energy conversion, information transmission and metabolic regulation, making them indispensable substance in our body. They can cause health problems when deficiency or excess occurs. To understand various metabolic processes and facilitate diseases diagnosis, it is very important to measure the content and monitor the distribution of metal ions in individual cells, tissues and whole organisms. Among the various methods for metal ion detection, fluorescent sensors with organic dyes have attracted tremendous attention due to many advantages such as high fluorescence quantum yield, facile modification approaches and biocompatibility in addition to operation ease, high sensitivity, fast detection speed, and real-time detection. This review summarizes the recent progress on the detection and imaging of the metal ions in biological systems including Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+/Fe3+, Zn2+, and Cu2+ provides an opinion on remaining challenges to be addressed in this field.
Recent advances in animal origin identification of gelatin-based products using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods: A mini review
Authors: Deng Guiya , Guo Shangwei , Zaman Fakhar , Li Tianyu , Huang Yaqin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Gelatin, a natural functional material obtained from animal connective tissues, has been broadly applied in health-related products such as food, pharmacy, and cosmetic. But unclear labelling and false information of animal origin of gelatin in those products would violate religious rules and increase public health risks. Recently, animal origin identification of gelatin-based products has drawn more and more concerns. Among various identification methods, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has specifically become a research hotspot for animal origin identification and quantitative analysis of gelatin-based products due to its superior reliability, selectivity, and sensitivity. The main desideratum of the current treatise is to review the recent progress on this subject with respect to: (1) the identification of animal in halal gelatin-based products, (2) the determination of the authenticity of gelatinous medicines from animal, especially from the highly homologous family species, and (3) the quantification of gelatin in gelatin-based products, using LC-MS method. We hope that this review could provide theoretical guidance and advanced strategies for developing animal origin identification technologies for gelatin-based products.