bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hedgehog Inhibitor Induction with Addition of Concurrent Superficial Radiotherapy in Patients with Locally Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Series
Authors: Weissman Joshua P. , Samlowski Wolfram , Meoz Raul 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Locally advanced basal cell cancer is a rare and challenging clinical problem. Historically, these patients were treated with aggressive surgery or radiotherapy. Most sporadic basal cell carcinomas have somatic mutations in the hedgehog pathway. Oral hedgehog inhibitors induce rapid and often complete clinical responses in locally advanced basal cell tumors. Unfortunately, these responses are usually transient. We hypothesized that treatment failure represents persistence of drug resistant cells that could be eradicated by addition of localized radiotherapy.

Materials and Methods
We performed a retrospective review of our patients with locally advanced basal cell cancer treated with sonidegib or vismodegib induction therapy who were treated with added superficial radiotherapy at the time of maximal response.

Results
Twelve patients met inclusion criteria. All patients achieved a complete response following hedgehog inhibitor therapy with addition of radiotherapy. Progression-free survival at 40 months was 89%, with a median follow-up of 40 months. Relapses occurred in only 2 of 12 patients (16.6%). Nine patients experienced grade I–II toxicity from hedgehog inhibitor induction therapy (taste changes [3], weight loss [3], muscle cramps [3]). Eight patients experienced mild radiotherapy-induced skin toxicity during concurrent therapy. No patients had to discontinue treatment.

Conclusion
Induction therapy with hedgehog inhibitors followed by addition of concurrent radiation therapy resulted in an extremely high clinical response rate with relatively minor and reversible toxicity. This gave a high rate of progression-free survival and a low disease-specific progression rate. Further prospective evaluation of this treatment approach is needed to confirm the apparent clinical activity.

Implications for Practice
Locally advanced basal cell cancers are challenging to treat. Previously, aggressive surgical resection or radiotherapy represented the best treatment options. Most basal cell cancers have somatic mutations in the hedgehog pathway. Oral inhibitors of this pathway produce rapid but transient clinical responses. This study reports 12 patients treated with hedgehog inhibitor induction therapy to near-maximal response. Addition of concurrent involved field radiotherapy resulted in a very high complete response rate with minimal toxicity. There was prolonged progression-free survival in 90% of patients. This study identified a novel treatment approach for patients with advanced basal cell carcinoma.
Impact of COVID‐19 social distancing on viral infection in France: A delayed outbreak of RSV
Authors: Delestrain Céline , Danis Kostas , Hau Isabelle , Behillil Sylvie , Billard Marie‐Noëlle , Krajten Leyla , Cohen Robert , Bont Louis , Epaud Ralph 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionCOVID‐19 pandemic and associated lockdown measures have deeply modified the natural course of seasonal viral infections, such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).MethodsWe analyzed French national data from three networks: emergency departments (ED) of French hospitals, general practitioners (GP), and hospital laboratories. We compared the number of ED or GP visits for bronchiolitis in children <2 years of age, and the percentage of RSV positive tests in the 2020 to 2021 season with those of the two previous seasons (2018–2019 and 2019–2020). We used time series of the previous 5 years to calculate epidemic thresholds.ResultsDuring the 2020–2021 season, the epidemic begun in February (Week 05) in the Ile de France (Paris and suburbs) region, 12 weeks later compared with the previous seasons and progressively spread across all the French metropolitan regions. The highest number of bronchiolitis cases in 2021 (Week 12) occurred 10–12 weeks after the previous seasonal peaks of previous seasons, but the number of cases remained lower than in the previous seasonal peaks.ConclusionWe identified a delayed RSV epidemic in the period that usually corresponds at the end of the epidemic season, raising concerns for the burden of RSV in the already strained healthcare systems during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
The use of ipratropium bromide for treating moderate to severe asthma exacerbations in pediatric patients in an emergency setting: A cost‐effectiveness analysis
Authors: Rodriguez‐Martinez Carlos E. , Sossa‐Briceño Monica P. , Buendia Jefferson Antonio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesAlthough the efficacy of the addition of ipratropium bromide (IB) to short‐acting β2‐agonists (SABAs) for treating children with moderate to severe asthma exacerbations has been demonstrated, evidence of its cost‐effectiveness is scarce. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of treatment with a combination of SABAs and IB compared with SABAs alone for the treatment of children with moderate to severe asthma exacerbations.MethodsTo achieve the objectives of the study, a decision‐analysis model was adapted. Effectiveness parameters were obtained from a systematic review of the literature with meta‐analysis. Cost data were obtained from hospital bills and from the national manual of drug prices in Colombia. The study was carried out from the perspective of the national healthcare system in Colombia. The main outcome of the model was avoidance of hospital admission.ResultsIn children with moderate to severe asthma exacerbations, the base‐case analysis showed that compared to SABAs alone, treatment with a combination of SABAs and IB was associated with lower overall treatment costs (US$126.24 vs. US$170.69 mean cost per patient) and a higher probability of hospital admission avoided (0.7999 vs. 0.7100), thus leading to dominance. For children with severe asthma exacerbations, these values were US$132.99 versus US$170.69 and 0.7883 versus 0.7100, respectively.ConclusionsIn Colombia, when compared to therapy with SABAs alone, therapy with a combination of SABAs and IB for treating pediatric patients with moderate to severe asthma exacerbations involves a lower probability of hospital admission at lower treatment costs.
Sensitivity of secondary electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to a range of volatile organic compounds: Ligand switching ion chemistry and the influence of Zspray™ guiding electric fields
Authors: Dryahina Kseniya , Polášek Miroslav , Smith David , Španěl Patrik 
Published: September 2021

RationaleSecondary electrospray ionization (SESI) is currently only semi‐quantitative. In the Zspray™ arrangement of SESI‐MS, the transfer of ions from near atmospheric pressure to a triple quadrupole is achieved by guiding electric fields that partially desolvate both reagent and analyte ions which must be understood. Also, to make SESI‐MS more quantitative, the mechanisms and the kinetics of the reaction processes, especially ligand switching reactions of hydrated hydronium reagent ions, H3O+(H2O)n, with volatile organic compound (VOC) molecules, need to be understood.MethodsA modified Zspray™ ESI ion source operating at sub‐atmospheric pressure with analyte sample gas introduced via an inlet coaxial with the spray was used. Variation of the ion‐guiding electric fields was used to reveal the degree of desolvation of both reagent and analyte ions. The instrument sensitivity was determined for several classes of VOCs by introducing bag samples of suitably varying concentrations as quantified on‐line using selected ion flow tube MS.ResultsElectric field desolvation resulted in largely protonated VOCs, MH+, and their monohydrates, MH+H2O, and for some VOCs proton‐bound dimer ions, MH+M, were formed. There was a highly linear response of the ion signal to the measured VOC sample concentration, which provided the instrument sensitivities, S, for 25 VOCs. The startling results show very wide variations in S from near 0 to 1 for hydrocarbons, and up to 100, on a relative scale, for polar compounds such as monoketones and unsaturated aldehydes.ConclusionsThe complex ion chemistry occurring in the SESI ion source, largely involving gas‐phase ligand switching, results in widely variable sensitivities for different classes of VOCs. The sensitivity is observed to depend on the dipole moment and proton affinity of the analyte VOC molecule, M, and to decrease with the observed fraction of MH+H2O, but other yet unrecognized factors must play a significant role.
A novel control strategy for quadrotors with variable mass and external disturbance
Authors: Zhao Jing , Ding Xiaoqian , Jiang Bin , Jiang Guoping , Xie Fei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractConsidering a class of quadrotor with variable mass of load and external disturbance, a novel control strategy based on adaptive non‐singular fast terminal sliding mode control is proposed to control in this article. Like external disturbances, internal disturbance caused by mass change will further affect the stability of the system and reduce the reliability of the system. Firstly, the dynamic modeling of a quadrotor with variable mass is carried out based on Euler Newton formulation. Then, a non‐singular fast terminal sliding mode controller based on adaptive integral backstepping is designed to overcome some external and internal disturbances. Meanwhile, an adaptive mass estimation algorithm is developed for real‐time mass estimation. Finally, through several groups of compared simulation results shows that the proposed method owns superior tracking performance for the quadrotor in both of mass change and external disturbance conditions.
Bacteria‐Mediated Tumor Therapy via Photothermally‐Programmed Cytolysin A Expression
Authors: Wang Longyu , Qin Wenjun , Xu Wenxuan , Huang Fan , Xie Xiaochen , Wang Fei , Ma Lixin , Zhang Cheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBy leveraging the ability of bacteria to express therapeutic protein cytolysin A (ClyA) through plasmid transformation, a thermally‐activated biohybrid (TAB@Au) is constructed by biomineralizing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the E. coli surface. Due to the feature of anaerobic bacteria homing to tumor microenvironments, the bacteria‐based antitumor vehicles can be efficaciously accumulated at tumor sites. Under NIR laser irradiation, the biomineralized AuNPs harvest transdermal photons and convert them into local heat for photothermal therapy. After that, the produced heat elicits the expression of ClyA for killing tumor cells. In vitro and in vivo experiments verify the conception that the current therapeutic modality greatly inhibits the proliferation of tumor cells. In terms of the spatial specificity and non‐invasiveness of NIR laser, the bacteria‐based phototherapy represents an appealing way for tumor therapy.
Cardiovascular effects of intravenous vatinoxan in wild boars (Sus scrofa) anaesthetised with intramuscular medetomidine‐tiletamine‐zolazepam
Authors: Einwaller Joy , Meyer Leith C. R. , Auer Ulrike , Raekallio Marja , Nowack Julia , Haw Anna , Vetter Sebastian , Painer Johanna , Stalder Gabrielle 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe potent sedative medetomidine is a commonly used adjunct for the immobilisation of non‐domestic mammals. However, its use is associated with pronounced cardiovascular side effects, such as bradycardia, vasoconstriction and decreased cardiac output. We investigated the effects of the peripherally‐acting alpha‐2‐adrenoceptor antagonist vatinoxan on cardiovascular properties in medetomidine‐tiletamine‐zolazepam anaesthetised wild boar (Sus scrofa).MethodsTwelve wild boars, anaesthetised twice with medetomidine (0.1 mg/kg) and tiletamine/zolazepam (2.5 mg/kg) IM in a randomised, crossover study, were administered (0.1 mg/kg) vatinoxan or an equivalent volume of saline IV (control). Cardiovascular variables, including heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP) and cardiac output (CO), were assessed 5 min prior to vatinoxan/saline administration until the end of anaesthesia 30 min later.ResultsMAP (p < 0.0001), MPAP (p < 0.001) and MPAOP (p < 0.0001) significantly decreased from baseline after vatinoxan until the end of anaesthesia. HR increased significantly (p < 0.0001) from baseline after vatinoxan administration. However, the effect on HR subsided 3 min after vatinoxan. All variables remained constant after saline injection. There was no significant effect of vatinoxan or saline on CO.ConclusionVatinoxan significantly reduced systemic and pulmonary artery hypertension, induced by medetomidine in wild boar.
Conclusion
Authors: Distiller Natasha 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe work of this book has been to engage with notions of human being that are mainstream in Western modernity. These common sense ideas have been forged and disseminated in the psy disciplines. I have sought to offer an alternative way of thinking about self and other that might alter how and why we think about our psychotherapeutic work. In the first chapter, I argued that the psy disciplines benefit when they learn from the humanities. In the final chapter, I outlined existing psychotherapy practices that already apply an understanding that human being is complicitous, even if those are not the terms they use. In between, I offered illustrations to bring into focus how systems of power evolve from specific historical events and from material practices, and then reinforce or underwrite these practices (see Kendi, 2016 for the example of racism in America as an illustration of how material practices can cause cultural formations as much as the other way around).
A Semantic Search Engine for Historical Handwritten Document Images
Authors: Ngo Vuong M. , Munnelly Gary , Orlandi Fabrizio , Crooks Peter , O’Sullivan Declan , Conlan Owen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA very large number of historical manuscript collections are available in image formats and require extensive manual processing in order to search through them. So, we propose and build a search engine for automatically storing, indexing and efficiently searching the manuscript images. Firstly, a handwritten text recognition technique is used to convert the images into textual representations. In the next steps, we apply the named entity recognition and historical knowledge graph to build a semantic search model, which can understand the user’s intent in the query and the contextual meaning of concepts in documents, to return correctly the transcriptions and their corresponding images for users.
Sobolev Gradients for the Möbius Energy
Authors: Reiter Philipp , Schumacher Henrik 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAiming to optimize the shape of closed embedded curves within prescribed isotopy classes, we use a gradient-based approach to approximate stationary points of the Möbius energy. The gradients are computed with respect to Sobolev inner products similar to the $$W^{3/2,2}$$

W

3
/
2
,
2

-inner product. This leads to optimization methods that are significantly more efficient and robust than standard techniques based on $$L^2$$

L
2

-gradients.
Combining simultaneous density and velocity measurements of rotor blade tip vortices under cyclic pitch conditions
Authors: Braukmann Johannes N. , Goerttler Andreas , Wolf C. Christian , Schwarz Clemens , Raffel Markus 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
An investigation into blade tip vortices of a sub-scale rotor under cyclic pitch conditions is carried out. Background oriented schlieren (BOS), particle image velocimetry (PIV), and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are applied to the same test cases. This approach allows to combine the velocity data from PIV in a measurement plane, the density related data from BOS in a measurement volume, and the comprehensive set of flow variables provided by unsteady detached eddy simulations. Vortices up to an age of $$\varPsi _{{\text {v}}}= {70}^\circ$$

Ψ
v

=

70

∘

in case of PIV and CFD, and up to $$\varPsi _{{\text {v}}}= {200}^\circ$$

Ψ
v

=

200

∘

in case of BOS are considered. The vortex locations are obtained through all three techniques. The unsteadiness of the vortices was obtained by the experimental results, whereas CFD provides an average solution. An increased position scatter was observed during the downstroke of the pitch cycle with both experimental methods and was found to be in good agreement. In the second part, the PIV velocity data are compared to common vortex models. An approach to link the density distribution and the swirl velocity is applied to the measured data. Based on the CFD results, it is shown that the assumption of isothermal flow yields better agreement between velocity and density than isentropic flow.

Graphic abstract
Management, treatment and prognostic significance of lateral lymph node metastases in rectal cancer—a regional cohort study
Authors: Agger E. , Åkerlund V. , Ekberg O. , Jörgren F. , Lydrup M. L. , Buchwald P. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Lateral lymph node metastases in rectal cancer remain a clinical challenge. Different treatment regimens have been suggested. This retrospective regional cohort study examines outcome after combined oncological and surgical treatment of MRI-positive lateral lymph nodes (LLN).

Methods
Data from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry (SCRCR) and patient records were used for retrospective analysis of resected high-risk rectal cancers between 2009 and 2014. The aim was to compare tumour characteristics, neoadjuvant therapy, recurrence and outcome after lateral lymph node dissection.

Results
One thousand and one hundred nineteen cases were identified and after exclusion 344 patients with cT3–T4 ≤ 10 cm from the anal verge were analysed. Thirty (8.7%) patients with MRI-positive LLN were identified. Synchronous distant metastases were associated with MRI-positive LLN (p-value 0.019). Long-course chemoradiotherapy was clinical practice in cases of MRI-positive LLN. No differences in local (p-value 0.154) or distant (p-value 0.343) recurrence rates between MRI-positive LLN patients and MRI-negative patients were detected. Only four patients underwent lateral lymph node dissection (LLND). There was no significant difference in overall survival during follow-up between the MRI-negative (CI at 95%; 99–109 months) and MRI-positive group (CI at 95%; 69–108 months; p-value 0.14).

Conclusion
Lateral lymph node metastases present a challenging clinical situation. The present study shows that combination of neoadjuvant therapy and selective LLND is an applicable strategy in cases of MRI-positive LLN.
Assessing the quality of state-of-the-art regional climate information: the case of the UK Climate Projections 2018
Authors: Baldissera Pacchetti Marina , Dessai Suraje , Stainforth David A. , Bradley Seamus 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we assess the quality of state-of-the-art regional climate information intended to support climate adaptation decision-making. We use the UK Climate Projections 2018 as an example of such information. Their probabilistic, global, and regional land projections exemplify some of the key methodologies that are at the forefront of constructing regional climate information for decision support in adapting to a changing climate. We assess the quality of the evidence and the methodology used to support their statements about future regional climate along six quality dimensions: transparency; theory; independence, number, and comprehensiveness of evidence; and historical empirical adequacy. The assessment produced two major insights. First, a major issue that taints the quality of UKCP18 is the lack of transparency, which is particularly problematic since the information is directed towards non-expert users who would need to develop technical skills to evaluate the quality and epistemic reliability of this information. Second, the probabilistic projections are of lower quality than the global projections because the former lack both transparency and a theory underpinning the method used to produce quantified uncertainty estimates about future climate. The assessment also shows how different dimensions are satisfied depending on the evidence used, the methodology chosen to analyze the evidence, and the type of statements that are constructed in the different strands of UKCP18. This research highlights the importance of knowledge quality assessment of regional climate information that intends to support climate change adaptation decisions.
Cybercrime Victimisation and Polyvictimisation in Finland—Prevalence and Risk Factors
Authors: Näsi Matti , Danielsson Petri , Kaakinen Markus 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study examines the prevalence of different types of cybercrime victimisation and their shared risk factors among the population of Finland. We examine how respondents’ socio-economic background variables, past offline victimisation experiences, online activity, user skills, and protective measures impact the risk of the most common forms of online victimisation and online polyvictimisation. Our nationally representative survey data were collected from 5455 Finns aged 15 to 74 years (response rate 39%) as part of the Finnish National Crime Survey in 2018. According to our findings, the five most common forms of victimisation were malware, harassment, sexual harassment, hacking, and fraud. Online routines and exposure to potential offenders, along with past offline victimisation experiences, served as notable risk factors for a range of different victimisation experiences online. Our findings show slightly different SES risk factors for victimisation of different online offences, thereby indicating the diverse nature of different types of online victimisation. Our findings also show that young age, better financial situation, high internet use, and user skills, along with past offline victimisation of property crime and violence, associate with increased risk of online polyvictimisation. High user protection decreased the risk of online polyvictimisation.
Visualising weekly learning outcomes (VWLO) and the intention to continue using a learning management system (CIU): the role of cognitive absorption and perceived learning self-regulation
Authors: Al-Shaikhli Dhuha , Jin Li , Porter Alan , Tarczynski Andrzej 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis research, using goal setting theory, proposes a new educational intervention to improve the perceptions of a Learning management System (LMS) as an organising technology, so as to improve the intention to continue using it. This research developed Visualised Weekly Learning Outcomes (VWLO) as a mechanism for exposing learners to the required learning outcomes week by week. The research used the Partial Least Square Method to analyse 151 responses from an IT university course and found that the perceived ease of use and usefulness of the VWLO, as an intervention, improves the learners’ perception of self-regulation and cognitive absorption from the LMS, which in turn affects the learners’ intention to continue using the LMS.