bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurses' knowledge, concerns, perceived impact and preparedness toward COVID‐19 pandemic: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: El‐Monshed Ahmed Hashem , Amr Mostafa , Ali Ahmed Salah , Elmasry Yosr Mohamed , Zoromba Mohamed 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to assess the nurses' knowledge, concerns, perceived impact and preparedness toward the COVID‐19 pandemic.BackgroundAs COVID‐19 is a new disease, its spread and emergence cause fear, anxiety and confusion among the general population. Nurses are in close contact with infected persons, and their knowledge plays an important role in preventing the transmission chain.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 207 nurses were selected using convenience sampling from 29 March to 19 April 2020. The study used a questionnaire assessing the nurses' baseline characteristics, their source of information, knowledge, concerns, the perceived impact and their preparedness for the COVID‐19 pandemic.ResultsAround half of the surveyed nurses (51.2%) reported that the Ministry of Health's and World Health Organization's websites and official pages were their main sources of information. The majority of nurses (81.6%) knew the nature of the virus, 83.6% agreed that their job puts them at risk of infection with COVID‐19 and 72% felt personally prepared for the pandemic.ConclusionThe majority of nurses had an acceptable level of knowledge regarding COVID‐19. However, psychological interventions are needed to be addressed in the planning stage before any pandemic.
Formulating Portland cement–reactive alumina blend through thermodynamic modeling to prevent the alkali–silica reaction
Authors: Zhou Jin , Chen Lou , Zheng Keren , Liu Zanqun , Yuan Qiang , He Fuqiang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study aims to formulate solid and aqueous compositions of hydrated Portland cement incorporated with reactive alumina (RA) via thermodynamic modeling, with the goal to prevent alkali–silica reaction (ASR). Based on SEM/EDS point analysis, the uptake of Al into C–S–H was corrected in the thermodynamic modeling to improve the accuracy. The predicted solid and aqueous compositions were validated by means of XRD, TGA, and ICP. An accelerated mortar bar test was also carried out to confirm the ASR mitigating efficiency, and a preliminary relationship among the ASR expansion, solid assemblage, and aqueous species was established. The critical content for RA is around 5.75% in the studied systems, above which katoite precipitates, resulting in increased Al concentration in the pore solution (∼0.8 mmol/L); hence, ASR can be effectively inhibited.
Changes in sleep pattern and dream activity across and after the COVID‐19 lockdown in Italy: A longitudinal observational study
Authors: Alfonsi Valentina , Gorgoni Maurizio , Scarpelli Serena , Zivi Pierpaolo , Sdoia Stefano , Mari Emanuela , Quaglieri Alessandro , Ferlazzo Fabio , Giannini Anna Maria , De Gennaro Luigi 
Published: October 2021

SummaryA large body of evidence has documented the impact of the global COVID‐19 outbreak – and especially the lockdown period – on sleep quality and quantity. Here, we present the first Italian longitudinal study on sleep and COVID‐19 considering four different time points collected during lockdown (from 29 March 2020 to 3 May 2020) and a subsequent follow‐up period (October 2020). We used an online survey to collect socio‐demographic and COVID‐19 related information. Subjects were also asked to complete a sleep diary at each time point of the study. Our longitudinal sample included 147 participants. Statistical comparison across time intervals showed remarkable changes in sleep patterns during and after the lockdown. In particular, during lockdown we observed longer sleep latency, less ease of falling asleep, a higher total bedtime, and a lower dream frequency. The week‐by‐week evaluation described relatively stable patterns in the observed measures during the lockdown period, except for dream frequency, affected by a rapid increase in the early phase of lockdown. Our findings are in line with the current literature. Furthermore, the prospective longitudinal investigation comprising several time points offered the possibility of (a) observing the temporal dynamics and the different entities of such changes over time, and (b) reducing the typical memory bias for these studies.
Non‐profit breastfeeding organisations' peer support provision in areas of socio‐economic deprivation in the UK: A meta‐ethnography
Authors: Hunt Louise , Thomson Gill , Whittaker Karen , Dykes Fiona 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn many high‐income countries such as the United Kingdom, inequalities in breastfeeding initiation and continuation rates exist, whereby socio‐economically advantaged mothers are most likely to breastfeed. Breastfeeding peer support interventions are recommended to address this inequality, with non‐profit breastfeeding organisations providing such support in areas of deprivation. As these organisations' roots and membership are often formed of relatively highly resourced women who have different backgrounds and experiences to those living in areas of deprivation, it is important to understand their practices in this context. In order to explore how UK non‐profit organisations practice breastfeeding peer support in areas of socio‐economic deprivation, a systematic review and meta‐ethnography of published and grey literature was undertaken. Sixteen texts were included, and three core themes constructed: (1) ‘changing communities’ reveals practices designed to generate community level change, and (2) ‘enabling one to one support’, explains how proactive working practices enabled individual mothers' access to supportive environments. (3) ‘forging partnerships with health professionals’, describes how embedding peer support within local health services facilitated peer supporters' access to mothers. While few breastfeeding peer support practices were directly linked to the context of socio‐economic deprivation, those described sought to influence community and individual level change. They illuminate the importance of interprofessional working. Further work to consolidate the peer‐professional interface to ensure needs‐led care is required.
Comparison between estimated and measured myopia progression in Hong Kong children without myopia control intervention
Authors: Yang Yajing , Cheung Sin Wan , Cho Pauline , Vincent Stephen J 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeTo compare myopia progression estimated by the Brien Holden Vision Institute (BHVI) Myopia Calculator with cycloplegic measures in Hong Kong children wearing single‐vision distance spectacles over a 1‐ and 2‐year period.MethodsBaseline age, spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and ethnicity of control participants from previous longitudinal myopia studies were input into the BHVI Myopia Calculator to generate an estimate of the SER at 1 and 2 years. Differences between the measured and estimated SER (116 and 100 participants with 1‐ and 2‐year subjective refraction data, respectively, and 111 and 95 participants with 1‐ and 2‐year objective refraction, respectively) were analysed, and the measured SER compared with the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the estimated SER.ResultsIn children aged 7–13 years, 36% progressed within the 95% CI of the Myopia Calculator's estimate, whereas 33% became less myopic than predicted (range 0.31 to 1.92 D less at 2 years) and 31% became more myopic than predicted (range 0.25 to 2.33 D more myopic at 2 years). The average difference between the estimated and measured subjective or objective SER at 1 and 2 years of follow‐up was not clinically significant (<0.25 D).ConclusionsOn average, the BHVI Myopia Calculator estimated SER was in close agreement with measured cycloplegic SER after 1 and 2 years of follow‐up (mean differences < 0.25 D). However, the measured myopia progression only fell within the 95% CI of the estimated SER for 32%–38% of children, suggesting that the BHVI ‘without management’ progression data should be interpreted with caution. The inclusion of additional data, modified to include axial elongation, from longitudinal studies of longer duration with larger sample sizes and a range of racial backgrounds may improve the Calculator's ability to predict future myopia progression for individual children.
A New Technique for Placement of Blocking Screws and its Mechanical Effect on Stability of Tibia Fractures with Distal Fragments after Insertion of Small‐Diameter Intramedullary Nails
Authors: Zhang Cong‐ming , Sun Liang , Wang Qian , Huang Qiang , Lin Hua , Duan Ning , Zhang Chen‐chen , Ma Teng , Xue Han‐zhong , Zhang Kun , Li Zhong 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo design a novel blocking screws (BSs) geometry and insertion method to treat distal tibia fracture with nailing and comparison of mechanical properties of novel and traditional screws.MethodsTwenty‐one synthetic left tibiae were sectioned to obtain 21 distal segments measuring 55 mm. Intramedullary (IM) 9‐mm tibial nails were advanced to 6 mm from the ankle joint. Two transverse and one anterior–posterior (AP) locking screws were inserted. Both medial–lateral (ML) BSs were placed 10 mm from the topmost interlocking screw. A custom‐made jig assisted in placing the novel and traditional BSs. The time spent in placing each BS was recorded. All the samples were repaired with an IM nail and without BSs, with two traditional BSs, and with two novel BSs. An initial loading from −150 to +150 N was applied to specimens in the ML direction at 185 mm from the nail end, followed by cyclic loading of the same for 10,000 cycles with failure‐to‐test loading of 350 N in the ML direction. The maximum displacement was measured at 80 mm from the nail end and recorded under initial loading. The damage of two kinds of BSs to the nail was recorded.ResultsCompared with average 5.21 min of the time of placing a traditional BS, the time spent in positioning a novel BS on the fracture model was 2.53 min. In the distal bone–implant constructs (BICs), the addition of traditional BSs decreased the maximum displacement of the BICs by 26.2%. The addition of the novel BSs decreased the displacement by 28.9%. All constructs survived 10,000 cycles without hardware deformation. The failure rate of the control group was significantly greater than that of the traditional group; however, the novel group was similar to the traditional group. The damage of the traditional BS to the nail was greater than that of the novel one.ConclusionsThe novel and traditional BSs are comparably effective for increasing the primary mechanical stability of distal metaphyseal fractures after nailin. However, compared to the placement of a traditional BS, implanting a novel BS took more less time and caused less damage to the nail. Additionally, the most obvious advantage of the novel BS design and insertion technology was that the pressure and distance between it and the IM nail could be controlled by rotating the screw. These advantages of the novel BS will be beneficial for clinical application.
Testicular appendage torsion in children
Authors: Tanaka Keiichiro , Kato Haruki , Nikai Koki , Mikami Takafumi , Okazaki Tadaharu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundTesticular appendage torsion (TAT) is a medical emergency that presents as an acute scrotum, usually in children and preadolescents. In previous reports of TAT, most cases have been treated conservatively, but some necessitate surgical treatment. Our aim was to examine the incidence, clinical examination findings, etiology, and treatment of TAT.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed records of all patients with TAT (aged ≤15 years) treated at the Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital between January 2012 and September 2020. Surgical treatment was performed when a diagnosis of testicular torsion could not be completely ruled out or if pain recurred after conservative treatment. Patients with a hard scrotum or scrotal erythema were hospitalized for conservative treatment. Data regarding age, diagnosis, blood test results, and clinical findings were analyzed.ResultsAmong 101 boys with TAT, the median age was 10 years. The incidence of TAT varied significantly according to age and was highest among patients aged 8–11 years. Sixty‐seven boys (66.3%) underwent inpatient surgical treatment, 10 boys (9.9%) received inpatient conservative treatment, and 24 boys (23.8%) received outpatient conservative treatment. The median duration of hospitalization was significantly shorter among those who underwent surgery (2.0 days) than among those who received inpatient conservative treatment group (3.5 days).ConclusionsOperations were short, uncomplicated, and safe; they shortened the hospital stay; and they would certainly prevent recurrence of TAT and testicular torsion on one side. Furthermore, we recommended that TAT patients presenting with signs of severe inflammation, such as hard scrotum or scrotal erythema, receive early surgical treatment to minimize duration of hospitalization.
Optical Attenuators Extend Dynamic Range but Alter Angular Response of Planar Ultraviolet‐C Dosimeters
Authors: Su Alison , Geldert Alisha , Grist Samantha M. , Herr Amy E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEffective ultraviolet‐C (UV‐C) decontamination protocols of N95 respirators require validation that the entire N95 surface receives sufficient dose. Photochromic indicators (PCIs) can accurately measure UV‐C dose on nonplanar surfaces, but often saturate below doses required to decontaminate porous, multilayered textiles like N95s. Here, we investigate the use of optical attenuators to extend PCI dynamic range while maintaining a near‐ideal angular response—critical for accurate measurements of uncollimated UV‐C. We show analytically that tuning attenuator refractive index, attenuation coefficient, and thickness can extend dynamic range, but compromises angular response unless the attenuator is an ideal diffuser. To investigate this tradeoff empirically, we stack PCIs behind model specular (floated borosilicate) and diffuse (polytetrafluoroethylene) attenuators, characterize the angular response, and evaluate on‐N95 UV‐C measurement accuracy within a decontamination system. Both attenuators increase PCI dynamic range >4×, but simultaneously introduce angle‐dependent transmittance, which causes location‐dependent underestimation of UV‐C dose. PCI‐borosilicate and PCI‐polytetrafluoroethylene stacks underreport true on‐N95 dose by (1) 14.7% and 3.6%, respectively, when near‐normal to the source lamp array, and (2) 40.8% and 19.8%, respectively, in a steeply sloped location. Overall, we demonstrate that while planar attenuators can increase PCI dynamic range, verifying near‐ideal angular response is critical for accurate UV‐C measurements.
MED12 exon 2 and TERT promoter mutations in primary and recurrent breast fibroepithelial lesions
Authors: Hu Yanjiao , Li Guangqi , Wang Lili , Zhang Longxiao , Guan Jingjing , Wang Jigang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe genetic alterations in the recurrent breast fibroepithelial tumors are poorly understood. In the present study, we aimed to investigate mediator protein complex subunit 12 (MED12) exon 2 and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations in a series of primary and recurrent fibroepithelial tumors. Sanger sequencing for MED12 exon 2 and TERT promoter was performed in 26 pairs of primary and recurrent fibroepithelial tumors (19 pairs of phyllodes tumors and seven pairs of fibroadenomas). The relationship between the genotypes and clinicopathological variables was also analyzed. MED12 mutation was identified in 19 primary tumors (12 phyllodes tumors and 7 fibroadenomas) and 17 recurrences (14 phyllodes tumors and three fibroadenomas). Most recurrent phyllodes tumors retained the original MED12 variants (17/19). Six recurrent fibroadenomas showed different MED12 variants from their paired primary tumors (6/7). TERT promoter mutation was identified in 13 primary phyllodes tumors (13/19) and 15 recurrent phyllodes tumors (15/19). However, it was only identified in one primary fibroadenoma (1/7). Recurrent phyllodes tumors often retained the original MED12 and TERT promoter mutations, while recurrent fibroadenomas often acquired new MED12 mutations. Our findings suggest that recurrent phyllodes tumors may be “true recurrence,” and TERT mutant “benign fibroepithelial tumors” should be treated as phyllodes tumors.
Survey of the RhD selection and issuing practices for uncrossmatched blood products at pediatric trauma hospitals in the United States: The BEST collaborative study
Authors: Yazer Mark H. , Dunbar Nancy M. , Delaney Meghan ,   the Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusions Collaborative
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundAs evidence demonstrating the importance of early transfusions in trauma resuscitation accumulates, when RhD‐negative products might not be available, it is important to understand the nature of the RhD‐type of products provided to bleeding pediatric patients of potentially unknown RhD‐type.MethodsA survey link was electronically sent to the transfusion service medical director and/or laboratory manager at American pediatric Level I and Level II hospitals inquiring about their practices for selecting RhD‐type of uncrossmatched red blood cells (RBC) or low titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) for boys and girls.ResultsThere were 55/117 (47.0%) analyzable responses; 43/55 (78.2%) from Level I and 12/55 (21.8%) from Level II hospitals. For in hospital transfusions, 51/55 (92.7%) of centers use only RhD‐negative blood products to resuscitate girls ≤18 years old while 30/55 (54.5%) of centers do the same for boys ≤18 years old. Most centers 41/55(74.5%) store RBCs and/or LTOWB in in‐hospital remote refrigerators; 27 store only RhD‐negative RBCs and 2 store only RhD‐negative LTOWB units in these refrigerators. A total of 24/55 (43.6%) centers have RBCs and/or LTOWB available on road ambulances or helicopters for prehospital transfusion; 12 transport only RhD‐negative RBCs and two transport only RhD‐negative LTOWB. Most centers, 35/55 (63.6%), address the prophylaxis of an RhD‐negative female recipient of RhD‐positive transfusion on a case‐by‐case basis.ConclusionWhile there is some variability, most of the responding pediatric trauma centers routinely utilized RhD‐negative RBCs for emergency transfusion for patients ≤18 years old of unknown RhD‐type.
Qualitative analysis of a mathematical model about population of green turtles on the Galapagos island
Authors: Herrera Candy , Duque Cosme Ramon , Leiva Hugo 
Published: October 2021

According to the IUCN, most sea turtles fall into one of the endangered categories. Since, sea turtles, like many other reptiles, present an unusual developmental process, marked by the determination of the sex of the offspring by environmental factors, more specifically by temperature. In the temperature sex determination (TSD) system the temperature of an embryo's environment during incubation period will dictate the embryo's sex development. This developmental process, together with the complex mating and nesting behavior and the vulnerability of sea turtles to threats of a natural or anthropogenic nature, naturally lead to the study of the population dynamics of the species.? For this reason, in this paper, we have developed a continuous model given by a system of three ordinary differential equations to study the dynamics of the green sea turtle population long-term, focusing the mathematical simulations on the data obtained for the nesting species of Galapagos Islands. Through the qualitative analysis of the model, the following is demonstrated: 1) The flow induced by the system is positively invariant on the region of biological interest and 2). The given condition on is necessary and sufficient for the unique nontrivial equilibrium point to be globally asymptotically stable in that region. When implementing the estimated values for our parameters in the numerical simulations, it was observed that indeed the population of Galapagos green sea turtles complies with the condition for which the nontrivial critical point is globally asymptotically stable.
Determination of a Strain Energy Density Function for the Tricuspid Valve Leaflets Using Constant Invariant-Based Mechanical Characterizations
Authors: Laurence Devin W. , Lee Chung-Hao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The tricuspid valve (TV) regulates the blood flow within the right side of the heart. Despite recent improvements in understanding TV mechanical and microstructural properties, limited attention has been devoted to the development of TV-specific constitutive models. The objective of this work is to use the first-of-its-kind experimental data from constant invariant-based mechanical characterizations to determine a suitable invariant-based strain energy density function (SEDF). Six specimens for each TV leaflet are characterized using constant invariant mechanical testing. The data is then fit with three candidate SEDF forms: (i) a polynomial model—the transversely isotropic version of the Mooney–Rivlin model, (ii) an exponential model, and (iii) a combined polynomial-exponential model. Similar fitting capabilities were found for the exponential and the polynomial forms (R2=0.92–0.99 versus 0.91–0.97) compared to the combined polynomial-exponential SEDF (R2=0.65–0.95). Furthermore, the polynomial form had larger Pearson's correlation coefficients than the exponential form (0.51 versus 0.30), indicating a more well-defined search space. Finally, the exponential and the combined polynomial-exponential forms had notably smaller but more eccentric model parameter's confidence regions than the polynomial form. Further evaluations of invariant decoupling revealed that the decoupling of the invariant terms within the exponential form leads to a less satisfactory performance. From these results, we conclude that the exponential form is better suited for the TV leaflets owing to its superb fitting capabilities and smaller parameter's confidence regions.
A Review on Well Integrity Issues for Underground Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Ugarte Esteban R. , Salehi Saeed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Renewable energy production is limited by the fluctuations limiting their application. Underground hydrogen storage (UHS) is one possible alternative to reduce the gap between supply and demand by storing the energy converted to hydrogen as a carrier and store it during surplus to produce it during high demand periods. The hydrogen is stored in the subsurface in geological formations containing the gas and is injected/produced via wells. There is a lack of experience associated with this technology and only a small number of projects worldwide. There are several mechanisms that can compromise the integrity of the well and generate leakage of the stored gas. This paper aims to introduce the challenges associated with well integrity of UHS. Mechanisms that can compromise well integrity and generate leaks include microbial corrosion, hydrogen blistering hydrogen-induced cracking and hydrogen embrittlement, cement degradation, elastomer failure, and caprock sealing failure. Propose well completion criteria, recommendation, and materials selection for newly constructed wells or existing wells. A comparison with more developed storage technologies aims to provide a better understanding of the limitations of hydrogen storage by comparing it to carbon dioxide (carbon capture and storage) and methane (underground gas storage). Finally, evaluation and monitoring techniques are required to see the influence of hydrogen on well integrity. Future research and development will reduce the uncertainties and limitations associated with UHS increasing its feasibility and implementation.