bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections in emerging adults with type 1 diabetes is associated with better clinical engagement but not glycaemic control
Authors: Chai Thora Y. L. , Farrell Kaye , Holmes‐Walker Deborah J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundLimited studies have compared outcomes between emerging adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) attending a diabetes transition support programme using multiple daily injections (MDI) or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII).AimsTo assess glycaemic control and service utilisation in emerging adults with T1D on MDI or CSII attending a young adult diabetes clinic (YAC).MethodsA retrospective cohort analysis was conducted from January 2013 to December 2015. Data collected included clinic visits per year, after‐hours mobile telephone use, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) admissions and all HbA1c levels. Independent t‐test was used to compare continuous variables whilst Pearson's Chi‐squared test was used for categorical variables. Linear mixed effects models explored mean changes in HbA1c levels over time.ResultsOver 3 years, 318 youth with T1D (176 MDI, 121 CSII, 21 switched from MDI to CSII) attended our YAC. Aggregated mean HbA1c levels remained similar between modalities (CSII 9.1% vs MDI 9.3%; P = 0.23); however, mean change in HbA1c at 3 years was significantly increased in CSII users at 0.55% (95% CI 0.15–0.95; P < 0.01) compared with no significant change in MDI users. Clinic visits per year were improved in CSII users (CSII 2.8 vs MDI 2.5; P = 0.02), while DKA admissions remained similar between MDI and CSII users (3.6 admissions per 100 patient‐years).ConclusionIn our YAC cohort, glycaemic control in CSII and MDI users was similar but well below recommended international glycaemic targets (HbA1c level < 7.0%). Despite increased clinical engagement occurring in CSII users, glycaemic deterioration was observed over the 3 years.
Nursing people diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder: ‘We all need to be on the same hymn sheet’
Authors: McCarrick Claire , Irving Kate , Lakeman Richard 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD) has been found to carry stigma and poor hope of recovery. More recently, it has been regarded as a treatable condition through psychotherapy. Despite this, patients often experience lengthy hospitalizations, limited access to treatment, and poor outcomes. This paper describes the experiences of psychiatric nurses working with people diagnosed with BPD in acute mental health in‐patient settings in Ireland. Seven nurses were interviewed, and the transcripts were analysed using a reflective and inductive approach. Overall, the nurses did not feel confident that their interventions were effective or valued by the wider service or patients. The nurses articulated their invidious professional circumstances, whereby they were required to act in ways, which ran counter to their vision of therapeutic or recovery‐focused work. These views and perceptions that in‐patient care is often ineffectual are widely echoed in the literature. We contend that the effect of this circumstance for these nurses approaches moral distress. The nurses were aware of more effective methods of care and treatment for BPD but perceived that they were unable to influence the culture of in‐patient care.
A review of mathematical optimization models applied to the sugarcane supply chain
Authors: Teixeira Eduardo dos Santos , Rangel Socorro , Florentino Helenice de O. , de Araujo Silvio Alexandre 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSugarcane is a product of great economic relevance and, as well as its use for the production of different types of sugar, it is also a renewable source for the production of bio‐fuels, other bio‐products, and electricity. In this context, efficient planning and technology changes are necessary to ensure high productivity, competitiveness and harmony with economic, social, and environmental issues. Consequently, this sector needs technical and scientific support. Mathematical optimization models can be useful to build efficient planning tools for the activities involved in the sugarcane supply chain, helping to address these challenges. This paper describes the sugarcane supply chain and presents a literature review of mathematical optimization models that have been proposed to represent its main stages: planting, harvesting, transporting, industrial processing, and marketing. The findings show that several models have been proposed to represent these five stages, however, most of them have not been thoroughly explored from the point of view of strength of the models and solution methods. Moreover, the harvesting stage is the one that has received more attention than the other stages. In the integration of two or more stages, there are many challenges yet to be addressed by mathematical optimization models. This review contributes to a better understanding of the sugar‐energy sector and opens up new perspectives for future investigations.
Environmental change during the last glacial on an ancient land bridge of southeast Australia
Authors: Adeleye Matthew Adesanya , Haberle Simon Graeme , McWethy David , Connor Simon Edward , Stevenson Janelle 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimThe Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) remains an enigmatic period in southeast Australia due to the limited spatial and temporal resolution of its palaeoclimatic records. A major feature of the LGM landscape was the existence of the Bassian Land Bridge, joining Tasmania with the mainland of Australia during periods of low sea level, and potentially facilitating increased biotic movement between these regions. To better understand biogeographical changes on the land bridge and in southeast Australia generally during the LGM, we present a 35 ka‐year palaeoecological record from one of the larger islands of Bass Strait.LocationBass Strait, southeast Australia.TaxonEucalyptus, Poaceae, Monotoca, Myriophyllum, Zygnemataceae, Botryococcus, Pediastrum.MethodsPollen, charcoal, and non‐pollen palynomorphs were analysed in a 1.75‐m sediment core from truwana/Cape Barren Island, Bass Strait, to reconstruct changes in vegetation, fire regimes and lake levels on the Bassian Land Bridge. Results were then compared to existing palaeoenvironmental studies in the region to develop a broader context of the prevailing land bridge environment and the potential influence on biotic dispersals in Australia during the last glacial period.ResultsResults suggest a major vegetation shift on the Bassian Land Bridge in response to the establishment of the LGM climate, with grassland expansion at the expense of woodland from ~29–11 ka. Floristic richness, biomass burned and lake levels also markedly decreased through this period, with the driest interval being ~25–18 ka. Dryland herbaceous taxa dispersed between the mainland and Tasmania when the landbridge was fully exposed.Main conclusionsIn agreement with previous studies, our results show that the dry grassland that dominated southeast Australia (and Southern Hemisphere mid‐latitude areas) during the LGM also extended across the Bassian Land Bridge. The prevailing environment on the land bridge is likely to have exerted a selective influence on biotic dispersals in Australia during glacial periods.
Hydrogen sulphide reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets in cardiac tissues of db/db mice via Hrd1 S‐sulfhydration
Authors: Sun Yu , Zhang Linxue , Lu Baoling , Wen Jingchen , Wang Mengyi , Zhang Shiwu , Li Qianzhu , Shu Feng , Lu Fangping , Liu Ning , Peng Shuo , Zhao Yajun , Dong Shiyun , Lu Fanghao , Zhang Weihua , Wang Yan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAccumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) induces cardiac dysfunctions in type 2 diabetes patients. Recent studies have shown that hydrogen sulphide (H2S) ameliorates cardiac functions in db/db mice, but its regulation on the formation of LDs in cardiac tissues is unclear. Db/db mice were injected with NaHS (40 μmol·kg‐1) for twelve weeks. H9c2 cells were treated with high glucose (40 mmol/L), oleate (200 µmol/L), palmitate (200 µmol/L) and NaHS (100 µmol/L) for 48 hours. Plasmids for the overexpression of wild‐type Hrd1 and Hrd1 mutated at Cys115 were constructed. The interaction between Hrd1 and DGAT1 and DGAT2, the ubiquitylation level of DGAT1 and 2, the S‐sulfhydration of Hrd1 were measured. Exogenous H2S ameliorated the cardiac functions, decreased ER stress and reduced the number of LDs in db/db mice. Exogenous H2S could elevate the ubiquitination level of DGAT 1 and 2 and increased the expression of Hrd1 in cardiac tissues of db/db mice. The S‐sulfhydration of Hrd1 by NaHS enhanced the interaction between Hrd1 and DGAT1 and 2 to inhibit the formation of LD. Our findings suggested that H2S modified Hrd1 S‐sulfhydration at Cys115 to reduce the accumulation of LDs in cardiac tissues of db/db mice.
Telocytes in the human ascending aorta: Characterization and exosome‐related KLF‐4/VEGF‐A expression
Authors: Aschacher Thomas , Schmidt Katy , Aschacher Olivia , Eichmair Eva , Baranyi Ulrike , Winkler Bernhard , Grabenwoeger Martin , Spittler Andreas , Enzmann Florian , Messner Barbara , Riebandt Julia , Laufer Guenther , Bergmann Michael , Ehrlich Marek 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTelocytes (TCs), a novel interstitial cell entity promoting tissue regeneration, have been described in various tissues. Their role in inter‐cellular signalling and tissue remodelling has been reported in almost all human tissues. This study hypothesizes that TC also contributes to tissue remodelling and regeneration of the human thoracic aorta (HTA). The understanding of tissue homeostasis and regenerative potential of the HTA is of high clinical interest as it plays a crucial role in pathogenesis from aortic dilatation to lethal dissection. Therefore, we obtained twenty‐five aortic specimens of heart donors during transplantation. The presence of TCs was detected in different layers of aortic tissue and characterized by immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. Further, we cultivated and isolated TCs in highly differentiated form identified by positive staining for CD34 and c‐kit. Aortic‐derived TC was characterized by the expression of PDGFR‐α, PDGFR‐β, CD29/integrin β‐1 and αSMA and the stem cell markers Nanog and KLF‐4. Moreover, TC exosomes were isolated and characterized for soluble angiogenic factors by Western blot. CD34+/c‐kit+ TCs shed exosomes containing the soluble factors VEGF‐A, KLF‐4 and PDGF‐A. In summary, TC occurs in the aortic wall. Correspondingly, exosomes, derived from aortic TCs, contain vasculogenesis‐relevant proteins. Understanding the regulation of TC‐mediated aortic remodelling may be a crucial step towards designing strategies to promote aortic repair and prevent adverse remodelling.
Diversity of pathophysiology in type 2 diabetes shown by islet pathology
Authors: Mizukami Hiroki , Kudoh Kazuhiro 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTThe etiology of type 2 diabetes is multifactorial, in which environmental and genetic factors are involved to varying degrees. This suggests that its pathophysiology might vary depending on the individuals. Knowledge of the differences is critical, because these differences are directly linked to the care and treatment of the patients. Recent studies have attempted to carry out subclassifications of type 2 diabetes based on clinical and genetic differences. However, there is no pathological evidence to support these subclassifications. The pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes is generally divided into insulin resistance in peripheral tissues and pancreatic islet dysfunction. Among them, islet dysfunction causes a deficit in insulin secretion from β‐cells. In particular, a deficit in insulin secretion is ascribed to a combination of disruption of the insulin secretory machinery and a decrease in β‐cell volume in type 2 diabetes. Recent research has suggested that transdifferentiation and dedifferentiation are involved in the decrease in β‐cell volume, and that it might change dynamically depending on the glucose metabolic state. However, it is possible that the numbers of islet cells are decreased in type 2 diabetes. In particular, the loss of endocrine cells due to islet amyloid deposits is an important pathological change in type 2 diabetes in humans. These results show that pathological changes of the islets can be different in each individuals with type 2 diabetes and reflect each pathophysiology, which is useful in establishing further subclassifications and developing tailor‐made therapies for type 2 diabetes.
Randomized trial of oral sulfate solution versus polyethylene glycol–ascorbic acid for bowel cleansing in elderly people
Authors: Nam Seung‐Joo , Park Sung Chul , Lee Sung Joon , Lee Sang Hoon , Kim Ji Hyun , Bang Chang Seok , Seo Hyun Il 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and AimThe efficacy and safety of the recently introduced low‐volume purgatives in elderly people are not well known. Therefore, in this trial, we aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of two low‐volume agents, oral sulfate solution (OSS) and 2‐L polyethylene glycol with ascorbic acid (PEG‐Asc), in elderly people.MethodsA prospective, randomized, single‐blinded, multicenter, non‐inferiority trial was performed at three university‐affiliated hospitals in South Korea. Outpatients aged 65–80 years, who underwent elective colonoscopy, were enrolled. The primary outcome was the rate of adequate bowel preparation assessed using the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale.ResultsA total of 199 subjects were randomized into the OSS (n = 99) or the 2‐L PEG‐Asc (n = 100) group. Of them, 189 subjects were included in the analysis of the primary outcome (OSS group 95 vs PEG‐Asc group 94). The proportion of adequate bowel preparation was 89.5% (85/95) in the OSS group and 93.6% (88/94) in the 2‐L PEG‐Asc group. OSS was not inferior to 2‐L PEG‐Asc according to the prespecified non‐inferiority margin of −15% (95% confidence interval for the difference, −12.1 to 3.8). Vomiting (11.6% vs 2.1%) and thirst (24.2% vs 11.7%) were more common in the OSS group than in the 2‐L PEG‐Asc group.ConclusionsOSS is an effective low‐volume purgative that is non‐inferior to 2‐L PEG‐Asc in elderly people. Both the low‐volume agents were identified to be well tolerated and safe in the healthy elderly population.
A scalable data collection, characterization, and accounting framework for urban material stocks
Authors: Arbabi Hadi , Lanau Maud , Li Xinyi , Meyers Gregory , Dai Menglin , Mayfield Martin , Densley Tingley Danielle 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBuilding stocks represent an extensive reservoir of secondary resources. However, common bottom‐up characterization of these, often based on archetypal classification of buildings and their corresponding material intensity, are still not suitable to adequately inform circular economic strategies. Indeed, these approaches typically result in a loss of building‐specific details, and a building stock characterization in terms of material mass, for example, glass, rather than component, for example, window. To deliver this higher resolution of details, a scalable approach to urban stock characterization, that enables a bottom‐up estimation of building stocks at the building component level, is needed. In this paper, we present a framework to automate the characterization of urban stock. By using and combining a mobile‐sensing approach with computer vision, urban stocks can be captured as 3D surface maps allowing the identification and semantic classification of stock objects, components, and materials. We demonstrate the potential of this framework through a case study of a neighborhood in Sheffield, UK, by using a prototype workflow comprising a custom‐made mobile‐sensing platform and an existing suite of neural network models to calculate an estimate count of buildings external doors and windows. The prototype implementation of the framework achieves comparable total and building‐level component counts with those achieved through manual human counts. Such automated estimation of components enables an understanding of opportunities across the circular economic hierarchies and informs stakeholders across the supply chain to better prepare for the implementation of circular strategies including building refurbishments.
Injectable platelet‐rich fibrin for perioral rejuvenation as assessed by 3D lip volume imaging
Authors: Hamid Omar , Quinlan Daniel J. , Seemann Rudolf , Hassan Haidar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundVarious injectable autologous platelet aggregate preparations have been developed and used for facial rejuvenation. Limited evidence exists for the use of these for augmentation of the lip.ObjectivesThis prospective, uncontrolled, single‐center study evaluated the qualitative and quantitative effects of an injectable platelet‐rich fibrin preparation (known as i‐PRF+) for lip augmentation.Patients/methodsPRF® PROCESS system technology was used to prepare i‐PRF+ supernatant. Ten healthy females were included in the study and received a single intradermal injection of i‐PRF+ in the upper and lower lips (5 ml in each quadrant, total ~2 ml). Participants were followed for 3 months post‐procedure. The efficacy of the procedure was assessed qualitatively by a subjective patient‐reported outcome (FACE‐Q) assessment and quantitatively by objective 3D skin surface volume analysis (ProFace®) at baseline and after 3 months.ResultsFACE‐Q scales that measure satisfaction with skin and lip showed a statistically significant improvement from baseline (p = 0.04 and p = 0.02, respectively). Satisfaction with lip lines showed a numerical improvement with mean total scores for adverse effect scales related to the skin and lips reduced at 2 weeks post‐procedure (p = 0.03 and p = 0.13, respectively). Overall lip volume at 3‐month follow‐up was unchanged (p = 0.11). The treatment was well tolerated with only minor adverse effects.ConclusionsA single session of i‐PRF+ injections resulted in significant lip rejuvenation at 3‐month follow‐up, shown by improved patient‐reported outcome measure. No significant change in lip volume was observed.
Subject satisfaction following treatment with nanofractional radiofrequency for the treatment and reduction of acne scarring and rhytids: A prospective study
Authors: Arruda Suleima , Swearingen Alyssa , Medrano Kathleen , Sadick Neil 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundSkin‐related changes, such as fine lines, wrinkles, and acne scarring, are a source of distress to both men and women. Nanofractional radiofrequency delivers thermal energy to skin layers leading to dermal remodeling that can address skin conditions related to aging. The objective of this study was to evaluate the subject satisfaction of nanofractional radiofrequency for the treatment of facial wrinkles and acne scarring in both lighter and darker skin tones.Materials and methods30 subjects (skin types II‐VI) were enrolled in this prospective, evaluator‐blind study. The average age of subjects was 51.9 ± 13.5 years. Subjects received three treatments at 3‐ to 5‐week intervals on both sides of the face using the 80‐ or the 160‐pin tip disposables. Follow‐up visits were conducted at 6‐ and 12 weeks after the last treatment. Subject satisfaction was evaluated using a self‐assessment of a reduction of wrinkles or acne scars, and subject satisfaction questionnaire. Pain, tolerability, and safety were monitored throughout.ResultsSubjects treated for acne or wrinkles were satisfied with their treatment at both the 6‐week and 12‐week follow‐up visit (mean score 3.0; range 0 = very unsatisfied to 4 = very satisfied). The treatments were well tolerated at all treatment sessions, averaging a score of 3.5 on the tolerability scale (0 = very intolerable to 4 = very tolerable) with treatment‐associated pain reported to be mild (3.2 out of 10). There were no adverse events or unanticipated side effects.ConclusionsThis clinical study demonstrates subjects are satisfied with nanofractional radiofrequency treatments for improvement of their wrinkles and acne scars.
A review of topical vitamin C derivatives and their efficacy
Authors: Enescu Christina D. , Bedford Lisa M. , Potts Geoffrey , Fahs Fatima 
Published: September 2021

AbstractVitamin C is a popular ingredient in over‐the‐counter cosmeceuticals due to its many biological functions in maintaining and improving skin health by treating UV damage, improving discoloration, and boosting collagen production. Several chemically modified derivatives of vitamin C have been developed in an attempt to increase the stability, percutaneous absorption, and overall activity of this ingredient in topical formulations. The goal of this review is to evaluate the differences between vitamin C derivatives that have been designed for cosmeceutical use and their efficacy.
Harnessing environmental‐RNAi to win an enduring battle: Plant versus pathogen
Authors: Almasi Reza , Amari Khalid 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPlant‐microbiome interactions are sophisticated phenomena with unrevealed features. Current progress in RNA biology has enlightened the impact of exchanging small RNAs between plants and their associated microbes in altering the battlefield conditions in their favour. The discovery of RNAi and the release of resistant transgenic plants have raised public health concerns rushing to develop less‐invasive control strategies. As an alternative, the topical application of small RNAs to inhibit gene expression via non‐transformative RNAi in pathogens and pests, opens new horizons in plant disease management. The present review highlights how plants and their microbial associates send and receive small RNA molecules and that sRNAs and delivery techniques characteristics provide an effective disease control.
Insight into biosorption of heavy metals by extracellular polymer substances and the improvement of the efficacy: a review
Authors: Li C. , Yu Y. , Fang A. , Feng D. , Du M. , Tang A. , Chen S. , Li A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Heavy metals are continuously released into aquatic environments in which they accumulate. This phenomenon endangers public health because heavy metals accumulate along the food chain. However, conventional remediation methods are inefficient, expensive and yield toxic intermediate products, which adversely affect the environment. The discovery of green bio-adsorbents such as microbial extracellular polymer substance (EPS) has quickly attracted considerable worldwide attention because of their low cost, high removal efficiency of heavy metals and industrial availability. Hence, this review considers the sources, hazards and treatment methods of heavy metals pollution, particularly the biosorption mechanism of EPS to heavy metals and the influencing factors of the bio-adsorption process, which are significant in the efficient removal of heavy metals-containing wastewater treatment. This review also focuses on strengthening the process of EPS adsorption of heavy metals, which can further contribute to heavy metals removal. Finally, it has been proposed that improving the yield, stability, selectivity and recoverability of EPS is the key direction of further research.