bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of culture on children’s immediate and delayed retrieval
Authors: Qi Hongyuan , Roberts Kim P. 
Published: February 2021

Culture shapes children’s memories. However, scant attention has been given to the influence of culture on specific memory stages. Thus, we conducted two controlled experiments to examine cultural differences in memory recall at immediate and delayed retrieval phases. In Studies 1 and 2 (n = 217), 7‐ to 10‐year‐old Chinese and Euro‐Canadian children watched a story involving both social‐ and individual‐focused scenarios. Participants then recalled the story immediately afterwards (Study 1) and 5–7 days later (Studies 1 and 2). Findings reveal that Chinese children accurately reported more details from the social‐focused events than did their Euro‐Canadian counterparts in the immediate interview, and this result was replicated after a delay in both studies. Moreover, as expected, within‐country comparisons showed that Euro‐Canadian children had better memory for individual‐ than for social‐focused events in both studies. Chinese children, however, showed better memory for social‐ than for individual‐focused events only in the immediate interview in Study 1; their delayed retrieval was not affected by event focus. These findings reveal that cultural variations in memory are evident in both immediate and delayed retrieval. Implications for future research are discussed.
“Who Would Watch the Animals?”: Gendered Knowledge and Expert Performance Among Andean Pastoralists
Authors: Caine Allison 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn recent decades, global and regional pastoralist development initiatives have articulated their project goals within the broader objective of climate change adaptation. Development programs in the high Andes have sought to diminish pastoralist vulnerability to the impacts of shifting seasonal weather patterns and glacial retreat. Despite the increase in attention to the gendered distribution of climate change risks and strategies globally, women alpaca herders in the Andes continue to be sidelined in discussions around animal health and pasture management. I argue that women’s marginalization reflects the ways that pastoralist expertise is ascribed and reproduced in interactional encounters. Andean women herders lack access to the social, political, and economic resources necessary to perform expertise in a ratified way, and as a consequence are left out of critical decision‐making processes around climate change adaptation. An attention to women’s herding work yields insight into pastoralist knowledge and skill as distributive, relational, and embedded within social networks that are at increasing risk of fragmentation.
Spatial distribution of benthic algae in the South China Sea: Responses to gradually changing environmental factors and ecological impacts on coral communities
Authors: Liao Zhiheng , Yu Kefu , Chen Biao , Huang Xueyong , Qin Zhenjun , Yu Xiaopeng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimIn this study, we investigated whether environmental factors can effectively control the spatial distribution of various benthic algae and examined the critical ecological impacts of algae on corals across the South China Sea (SCS). Relationships between benthic algae and environmental factors were assessed, and potential ecological impacts of algae on coral communities were evaluated across spatial scales.LocationA total of 104 sites at 12 coral reefs in four coral reef regions (CRRs) of the SCS (latitude range of 9–22° N).TaxaTurf algae, macroalgae (including fleshy macroalgae and Halimeda), crustose coralline algae (CCA), coral and juvenile coral.MethodsUsing diver‐based surveys (2015–2018), we investigated four CRRs with different reef distance to mainland (RDM) across the SCS. We obtained field data on benthic algal composition and cover, coral cover and diversity, and juvenile coral density. We also measured and collected the environmental factors (including seawater environmental parameters and reef fish diversity).ResultsThe cover of turf algae and CCA gradually decreased and increased, respectively, with an increase in RDM, which had a strong relationship with the gradually changing environmental factors. Random forest models suggested that nutrients, reef fish diversity, seawater transparency and temperature were the most important factors for predicting turf algae and CCA cover. Linear regression analyses showed a significant relationship between the turf algae, macroalgae, and CCA covers, and juvenile coral density.Main conclusionsOur results showed that gradually changing environmental factors were correlated with the spatial distributions of turf algae and CCA. However, the natural biophysical relationships between macroalgae and environmental factors may be disrupted by turf algal overgrowth and nutrient subsidies. Increases in all benthic algal groups significantly impacted coral recruitment, highlighting the critical role of benthic algae in determining the recovery trajectory of the Indo‐Pacific reefs that are threatened by human activities.
Serial echocardiography for valve dysfunction and aortic dilation in bicuspid aortic valves
Authors: Parker Matthew W. , Muchnik Renee Dallasen , Ogunsua Adedotun , Kundu Amartya , Lakshmanan Suvasini , Shah Nikhil , Dickey John B. , Gentile Bryon A. , Pape Linda A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsComplications of bicuspid aortic valve commonly include aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation, and ascending aortic dilation. The progression of these lesions is not well described.Materials and methodsWe reviewed 249 bicuspid aortic valve patients with at least two echocardiograms from 2006 to 2016. Valve morphology (right–left or right–noncoronary cusp fusion) was confirmed by visual inspection, and aortic stenosis and regurgitation were quantified according to current guidelines; the ascending aorta was measured at end‐systole 2–3 cm above the sinotubular junction. Annualized progression of stenosis, regurgitation, and aortic dilation from first to most recent echocardiogram were compared between right–left and right–nonfused valves using multivariable logistic regression to adjust for baseline differences in groups.ResultsAmong 249 bicuspid aortic valve patients (mean age 47.6 ± 13.5 years, 66.3% male), 75.9% had right–left cusp fusion. At baseline, aortic stenosis was absent or mild in 80.3%; aortic regurgitation was absent or mild in 80.7%; and aortic diameters were 35.0 ± 5.7 mm (sinuses of Valsalva) and 37.4 ± 6.2 mm (ascending). Mean annualized decrease in aortic valve area was 0.07 cm2/year, with 30% of bicuspid aortic valve patients progressing ≥0.1 cm2/year. Aortic regurgitation progressed ≥1 grade in 37 patients. Mean annualized increase in ascending aorta diameter was 0.36 mm/year in right–left and 0.65 mm/year in right–nonbicuspid valves.ConclusionsIn this serial echocardiographic study of bicuspid aortic valve patients, cusp orientation was not associated with progression of valve dysfunction. Right–noncoronary cusp fusion was associated with ascending aortic diameter progression.
Conversations that count: Cellular interactions that drive T cell fate
Authors: Duckworth Brigette C. , Groom Joanna R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe relationship between the extrinsic environment and the internal transcriptional network is circular. Naive T cells first engage with antigen‐presenting cells to set transcriptional differentiation networks in motion. In turn, this regulates specific chemokine receptors that direct migration into distinct lymph node niches. Movement into these regions brings newly activated T cells into contact with accessory cells and cytokines that reinforce the differentiation programming to specify T cell function. We and others have observed similarities in the transcriptional networks that specify both CD4+ T follicular helper (TFH) cells and CD8+ central memory stem‐like (TSCM) cells. Here, we compare and contrast the current knowledge for these shared differentiation programs, compared to their effector counterparts, CD4+ T‐helper 1 (TH1) and CD8+ short‐lived effector (TSLEC) cells. Understanding the interplay between cellular interactions and transcriptional programming is essential to harness T cell differentiation that is fit for purpose; to stimulate potent T cell effector function for the elimination of chronic infection and cancer; or to amplify the formation of humoral immunity and longevity of cellular memory to prevent infectious diseases.
Sampling and distribution pattern of Trioza erytreae Del Guercio, 1918 (Hemiptera: Triozidae) in citrus orchard
Authors: Benhadi‐Marín Jacinto , Pereira Luís F. , Rodrigues Isabel , Fereres Alberto , Alberto Pereira José 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDeveloping efficient sampling protocols is essential to monitor crop pests. One vector of the citrus disease HLB, the African citrus psyllid Trioza erytreae Del Guercio, 1918 (Hemiptera: Triozidae), currently threatens the lemon industry throughout the Mediterranean region. In this work, a pool of sampling methods devoted to monitoring the population of T. erytreae was compared, its spatial distribution in the orchard was assessed, and the minimum sampling effort for the best sampling method was estimated. Three lemon orchards in North‐western Portugal were sampled for one year using two types of yellow sticky traps (standard yellow and fluorescent Saturn yellow), B‐vac sampling and sweep net sampling. The method that best performed, in terms of cost‐efficiency, was the yellow sticky traps. The two colours of the sticky traps tested did not yield a significantly different number of catches. The spatial distribution throughout the orchards was found to be aggregated towards the borders. A minimum of three sticky traps per hectare was found to be enough to estimate the population at 90% accuracy for the mean during the outbreak. These results should help to monitor and anticipate outbreaks that may even colonize neighbour orchards. Studies on the local dispersion patterns of T. erytreae throughout the orchard are mandatory to further refine and optimize efficient monitoring protocols.
Illuminating the planktonic stages of salmon lice: A unique fluorescence signal for rapid identification of a rare copepod in zooplankton assemblages
Authors: Thompson Cameron R. S. , Bron James E. , Bui Samantha , Dalvin Sussie , Fordyce Mark J. , Furmanek Tomasz , á Norði Gunnvør , Skern‐Mauritzen Rasmus 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMonitoring of planktonic salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis salmonis) abundance and parameterization of key life‐history traits has been hindered by labour‐intensive and error‐prone quantification using traditional light microscopy. Fluorescence illumination has been proposed as a means of improving visualization, but prior to this study adequate investigation of the relevant fluorescence profiles and measurement conditions has not been undertaken. We investigated the fluorescence profiles of L. salmonis and non‐target copepod spp. with excitation and emission matrices (200–600 nm) and identified unique fluorescence signals. Fluorescence microscopy using excitation wavelengths of 470 ± 40 nm, and emission wavelengths of 525 ± 50 nm, showed that after 90 days of formalin storage salmon lice have a mean fluorescence intensity that is 2.4 times greater than non‐target copepods (copepodid and adult stages). A 7‐day heat treatment of 42°C in formalin increased the difference between salmon louse copepodids and non‐target copepods to a factor of 3.6, eliminating the need for prolonged storage. Differences in the fluorescence signal and endogenous fluorophores were investigated with respect to variation in sea lice species, age, stage and host fish origin. Under the conditions outlined in this paper, the fluorescence signal was found to be a reliable means of visualizing and differentiating salmon lice from non‐target zooplankters. Adaptation of the fluorescence signal would greatly expedite traditional methods of enumerating salmon louse larvae in plankton samples and could provide a means of automated detection.
Association of in utero antibiotic exposure on childhood ear infection trajectories: Results from a national birth cohort study
Authors: Hu Yanhong J , Wang Jing , Harwell Joseph I , Wake Melissa 
Published: February 2021

AimMost prescribed medicines during pregnancy are antibiotics, with unknown effects on a fetus and on the infant's acquired microbiome. This study investigates associations between in utero antibiotic exposure and ear infection trajectories over the first decade of life, hypothesising effects on early or persistent, rather than later‐developing, ear infections.MethodsDesign and participants: The Longitudinal Study of Australian Children birth cohort recruited a nationally‐representative sample of 5107 infants in 2004. Measures: Mothers reported antibiotic use in pregnancy when a child was 3–21 months old (wave 1), and ongoing problems with ear infection every 2 years spanning ages 0–1 to 10–11 years (waves 1–6). Analysis: Latent class models identified ear infection trajectories, and univariable and multivariable multinomial logistic regression determined odds of adverse trajectories by antibiotic exposure.ResultsA total of 4500 (88.1% of original sample) children contributed (mean baseline age 0.7 years; 51.3% boys); 10.4% of mothers reported antibiotic use in pregnancy. Four probability trajectories for ear infection emerged: ‘consistently low’ (86.2%), ‘moderate to low’ (5.6%), ‘low to moderate’ (6.7%) and ‘consistently high’ (1.4%). Antibiotic use in pregnancy was associated with children following ‘consistently high’ (adjusted odds ratio 2.04, 95% confidence interval 1.08–3.88, P = 0.03) and ‘moderate to low’ (adjusted odds ratio 1.78, 95% confidence interval 1.25–2.53, P = 0.001) trajectories.ConclusionsAntibiotic use in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of persistent and early childhood ear infections. This highlights the wisdom of cautious antibiotic use during pregnancy, and the need for the study of potential mechanisms underlying these associations.
Pelage variation in dingoes across southeastern Australia: implications for conservation and management
Authors: Cairns K. M. , Newman K. D. , Crowther M. S. , Letnic M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHow to manage hybridization and introgression in wild animals is controversial. Wildlife managers and researchers may often rely upon phenotypic variables such as coat colour to inform on ground management decisions. In Australia, dingoes are typically believed to be ginger in colour, and unusual coat colours such as brindle or sable are widely posited to be evidence of contemporary domestic dog hybridization. We carried out microsatellite‐based genotyping on 1325 wild canids from southeastern Australia of known coat colour to estimate the extent of domestic dog introgression. A key aim of our study was to examine the relationship between coat colour and ancestry in wild dingoes. We observed that 27.4% of our samples were dingoes with no evidence of domestic dog ancestry whilst 72.6% were dingoes with some domestic dog ancestry. Our data confirm that feral dogs, domestic dogs with no dingo ancestry, are rare in the wild, representing less than 1.5% of the population. There was no coat colour that could distinguish dingoes with or without dog ancestry from each other. Contrary to popular belief, colours such as brindle and patchy were positively associated with dingoes with no dog ancestry and were less common in dingoes of mixed ancestry. A key finding of this work is that coat colour should not be used to assess ancestry in dingoes. Further research is needed to uncover the antiquity, origin and potential adaptive value of these genomic regions. It is possible that this is a similar example of adaptive introgression as has been observed in North American wolves with black coat colour. These data add perspective to global debates about how to manage and conserve enigmatic animal populations in the presence of modern or historical introgression.
Are radiological endpoints surrogate outcomes of overall survival in hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transarterial chemoembolization?
Authors: Celsa Ciro , Cabibbo Giuseppe , Enea Marco , Battaglia Salvatore , Rizzo Giacomo E. M. , Busacca Anita , Giuffrida Paolo , Stornello Caterina , Brancatelli Giuseppe , Cannella Roberto , Gruttadauria Salvatore , Cammà Calogero 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground& AimsTime to progression (TTP) and progression‐free survival (PFS) are commonly used as surrogate endpoints in oncology trials. We aimed to assess the surrogacy relationship of TTP and PFS with overall survival (OS) in studies of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (u‐HCC) by innovative methods.MethodsA search of databases for studies of TACE for u‐HCC reporting both OS and TTP or PFS was performed. Individual patient data were extracted from TTP/PFS and OS Kaplan‐Meier curves of TACE arms. Pooled median TTP and OS were obtained from random‐effect model. The surrogate relationships of hazard ratios (HRs) and median TTP for OS were evaluated by the coefficient of determination R2.ResultsWe identified 13 studies comparing TACE vs systemic therapy or vs TACE plus systemic therapy and including 1932 TACE‐treated patients. Pooled median OS was 11.2 months (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 7.9‐17.8), and pooled median TTP was 5.4 months (95%CI 3.8‐8.0). Heterogeneity among studies was highly significant for both outcomes. The correlation between HR TTP and HR OS was moderate (R2 = 0.65. 95%CI 0.08‐0.81). R2 value was 0.04 (95%CI 0.00‐0.35) between median TTP and median OS.ConclusionIn studies of TACE for u‐HCC, the surrogate relationship of radiology‐based endpoints with OS is moderate. Multiple endpoints including hepatic decompensation, macrovascular invasion and extrahepatic spread are needed for future trials comparing systemic therapies or combination of TACE with systemic therapies vs TACE alone.
Connecting tree‐ring phenotypes, genetic associations and transcriptomics to decipher the genomic architecture of drought adaptation in a widespread conifer
Authors: Depardieu Claire , Gérardi Sébastien , Nadeau Simon , Parent Geneviève J. , Mackay John , Lenz Patrick , Lamothe Manuel , Girardin Martin P. , Bousquet Jean , Isabel Nathalie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAs boreal forests face significant threats from climate change, understanding evolutionary trajectories of coniferous species has become fundamental to adapting management and conservation to a drying climate. We examined the genomic architecture underlying adaptive variation related to drought tolerance in 43 populations of a widespread boreal conifer, white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss), by combining genotype–environment associations, genotype–phenotype associations, and transcriptomics. Adaptive genetic variation was identified by correlating allele frequencies for 6,153 single nucleotide polymorphisms from 2,606 candidate genes with temperature, precipitation and aridity gradients, and testing for significant associations between genotypes and 11 dendrometric and drought‐related traits (i.e., anatomical, growth response and climate‐sensitivity traits) using a polygenic model. We identified a set of 285 genes significantly associated with a climatic factor or a phenotypic trait, including 110 that were differentially expressed in response to drought under greenhouse‐controlled conditions. The interlinked phenotype–genotype–environment network revealed eight high‐confidence genes involved in white spruce adaptation to drought, of which four were drought‐responsive in the expression analysis. Our findings represent a significant step toward the characterization of the genomic basis of drought tolerance and adaptation to climate in conifers, which is essential to enable the establishment of resilient forests in view of new climate conditions.
Updating with Others: Testing the Effect of Informational Social Influence on Political Attitudes
Authors: Houck Aaron M. , King Aaron S. , Taylor J. Benjamin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWhat role does information concerning the beliefs of others play in the correction, or persistence, of misperceptions? Can social pressure affect whether someone will change their mind on a salient political issue? Building on the “backfire effect” and informational context literatures, we theorize that informational social influence can affect one's willingness to accept new information. Specifically, when individuals receive partisan cues, their attitudes will be different compared to individuals without similar social influence. We test our theory and hypotheses using a unique experimental between‐subjects design using a student sample (N = 839) as well as a nationally representative sample (N = 777). Using the salient debate over voter identification laws, we find some evidence for our theory. We conclude by considering the policy implications of our analysis and directions for future research.Related ArticlesCaillier, James. 2010. “Citizen Trust, Political Corruption, and Voting Behavior: Connecting the Dots.” Politics & Policy 38 (5): 1015‐1035. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2010.00267Dettrey, Bryan J. 2013. “Relative Losses and Economic Voting: Sociotropic Considerations or ‘Keeping up with the Joneses?’” Politics & Policy 41 (5): 788‐806. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12038Nielson, Lindsay. 2017. “Ranked Choice Voting and Attitudes toward Democracy in the United States: Results from a Survey Experiment.” Politics & Policy 45 (4): 535‐570. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12212
Critical thinking of psychology students: A within‐ and cross‐cultural study using Rasch models
Authors: Nielsen Tine , Martínez‐García Inmaculada , Alastor Enrique 
Published: February 2021

The primary aim of this study was to conduct a cross‐cultural comparison of the level of critical thinking of Danish and Spanish psychology students (N = 788) attending innately different bachelor‐level courses; personality psychology and introductory statistics/research methods. Several instruments are available for the assessment of critical thinking (CTh), but most are, however, unsuitable for use in large surveys with many constructs, due to length or single‐person administration formats. One brief and much‐used scale is the CTh scale in the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ), used in this study. To ensure unbiased comparisons across countries and courses, our secondary aim was to investigate the content validity, as well as the psychometric properties, of the CTh scale to ensure the most accurate and unbiased comparison. For this purpose, Rasch and graphical loglinear Rasch models were used. After reducing the number of items due to content validity issues, the CTh scale fitted Rasch models within each national sample, and was measurement invariant relative to age group, gender, course and university. In the cross‐cultural item analysis, two items functioned differentially relative to nationality, and the scale fitted a graphical loglinear Rasch model. CTh scores related to introductory statistics/research methods courses differed significantly from scores related to personality psychology, for Danish students only.