bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ovarian Cystadenomas: Growth Rate and Reliability of Imaging Measurements
Authors: Suh‐Burgmann Elizabeth , Nakhaei Masoud , Gupta Sonia , Brook Alexander , Hecht Jonathan , Hung Yun‐Yi , Levine Deborah 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesTo evaluate the growth rate of benign ovarian cystadenomas and the degree of variability in ultrasound measurements.MethodsTwo independent retrospective cohorts of women found to have benign cystadenomas at surgery were identified. To assess growth rate, ultrasounds on women in a community‐based health system were reviewed and the growth rate was determined based on the maximum reported size dimension using a mixed effect model. To assess measurement variability, two radiologists independently measured presurgical adnexal imaging findings for women in a tertiary care referral setting. Interobserver, intra‐observer, and intermodality (cine clip versus still images) variability in measurements was determined using correlation coefficients (CC) and Bland–Altman analysis, with the proportion of measurements varying by more than 1 cm calculated.ResultsFor growth rate assessment, 405 women with 1412 ultrasound examinations were identified. The median growth rate was 0.65 cm/year with mucinous cystadenomas growing faster at 0.83 cm/year compared to 0.51 cm/year for serous cystadenomas (median test P < .0001). To evaluate measurement variability, 75 women were identified with 176 ultrasound studies. The within‐subject standard deviations for ultrasound measurements were 0.74 cm for cine clip images and 0.41 cm for static images, with 11% of measurements overall differing by more than 1 cm.ConclusionsCystadenomas grow on average 0.65 cm/year, which is similar in magnitude to the inherent error observed in measurement on ultrasound, suggesting that repeat ultrasound at intervals of longer than a year will often be needed to accurately assess growth if a cyst represents a benign cystadenoma.
When a prior indulgent choice promotes a subsequent indulgent choice: The justification mechanism
Authors: Akamatsu Naoki , Fukuda Reo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the conditions and internal mechanisms under which prior indulgent choices promote subsequent indulgent choices. In this study, an indulgent choice is understood as a hedonic product choice that conflicts with self‐control, such as impulsively buying clothes for daily wear you like. While existing research on the drivers of indulgent choices based on the justification approach has mainly focused on consumers' state of self‐control, this study reveals the effect of prior pleasure‐seeking behaviors on subsequent indulgent choices. In the six studies we conducted, a prior indulgent purchase increased consumers' preference for subsequent indulgent choices when they perceived that the subsequent choice could further advance the prior indulgent choice's goal. The results validate the justification approach in that a prior indulgent purchase facilitates justification of a subsequent indulgent choice and enhances preference for this indulgent choice. In addition, the study confirms the boundary condition—this tendency occurs only when consumers perceive a need to justify their indulgent choices. The findings provide important theoretical insights and have practical implications in the design of strategies that consider consumers' purchase histories.
Digital medical history implementation to triage orthopaedic patients during COVID‐19: Findings from a rapid cycle, semi‐randomised A/B testing quality improvement project
Authors: Bernstein David N. , van de Graaf Victor A. , Meijers Irina , Portengen Anne , Klaassen Amanda , Scholtes Vanessa A. B. , Poolman Rudolf W. , Kempen Diederik H. R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe COVID‐19 pandemic severely impacted musculoskeletal care. To better triage the notable backlog of patients, we assessed whether a digital medical history (DMH), a summary of health information and concerns completed by the patient prior to a clinic visit, could be routinely collected and utilised.MethodsWe analysed 640 patients using a rapid cycle, semi‐randomised A/B testing approach. Four rapid cycles of different randomised interventions were conducted across five unique patient groups. Descriptive statistics were used to report DMH completion rates by cycle/patient group and intervention. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine whether age or anatomic injury location was associated DMH completion.Ethical ApprovalN/A (Quality Improvement Project)ResultsAcross all patients, the DMH completion rate was 48% (307/640). Phone calls were time consuming and resource intensive without an increased completion rate. The highest rate of DMH completion was among patients who were referred and called the clinic themselves (78% of patients [63 out of 81 patients]). Across all patients, increasing age (odds ratio [OR]: 0.985 (95% CI: 0.976–0.995), p = 0.002), patients with back concerns (OR: 0.395 (95% CI: 0.234–0.666), p = 0.001), and patients with non‐specific/other musculoskeletal concerns (OR: 0.331 (95% CI: 0.176–0.623), p = 0.001) were associated with decreased odds of DMH completion.Discussion and ConclusionDMHs can be valuable in helping triage orthopaedic patients in resource‐strapped settings, times of crisis, or as we transition towards value‐based health care delivery. However, further work is needed to continue to increase the completion rate about 50%.
Mapping shifts in nanopore signal to changes in protein and protein‐DNA conformation
Authors: Carlsen Autumn , Tabard‐Cossa Vincent 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSolid‐state nanopores have been used extensively in biomolecular studies involving DNA and proteins. However, the interpretation of signals generated by the translocation of proteins or protein‐DNA complexes remains challenging. Here, we investigate the behavior of monovalent streptavidin and the complex it forms with short biotinylated DNA over a range of nanopore sizes, salts, and voltages. We describe a simple geometric model that is broadly applicable and employ it to explain observed variations in conductance blockage and dwell time with experimental conditions. The general approach developed here underscores the value of nanopore‐based protein analysis and represents progress toward the interpretation of complex translocation signals.
Two cases of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia masquerading as tuberculosis (TB) in a TB endemic area
Authors: Abdul Hamid Mohamed Faisal , Selvarajah Sai Banu , Nuratiqah Nik , Hau Ng Boon , Ban Andrea Yu‐Lin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBefore the era of COVID‐19 pandemic, organizing pneumonia (OP) is often underdiagnosed while tuberculosis (TB) is overdiagnosed especially in an endemic area. We report two patients with cryptogenic OP mimicking TB. First, a 56‐year‐old lady with right upper lobe air space opacity and, second, a 37‐year‐old lady with left upper lobe cavitary lesion. They were treated empirically for pulmonary TB as they had chronic cough with typical chest imaging findings. As there were no improvements despite anti‐TB and investigations for TB were negative, they underwent image‐guided biopsy which confirmed OP. Both patients received 6 months of corticosteroids therapy and made complete recovery. These cases highlight the rare presentation of OP and serves as a reminder that patients tested negative for TB, despite typical history and chest imaging findings, warrant further investigations as many diseases may mimic TB and vice versa.
A Flexible and Transparent Zinc‐Nanofiber Network Electrode for Wearable Electrochromic, Rechargeable Zn‐Ion Battery
Authors: Singh Soram Bobby , Tran Duy Thanh , Jeong Kwang‐Un , Kim Nam Hoon , Lee Joong Hee 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe flexible electrochromic Zn‐ion battery (FE‐ZiB), a newly born energy‐storage technology having both electrochromic characteristics and energy‐storage capability in a single device, will be a promising technology for the future transparent wearable electronics. However, the current technology limits the fabrication of FE‐ZIB because the zinc (Zn) anode material is opaque and rigid. The development of a flexible and transparent Zn anode is the key factor to overcoming the current limitation. Here, for the first time, a flexible, transparent zinc‐nanofiber network anode electrode (Zn@Ni@AgNFs) is reported for an FE‐ZiB device that yields a remarkable electrochemical performance of a high areal capacity of 174.82 mA h m2 at 0.013 mA cm−2 applied current density, high optical contrast (50%), and excellent mechanical flexibility. The fabricated FE‐ZiB device also exhibits a high volumetric energy density of 378.8 W h m−3 at a power density of 562.7 W m−3. Besides, the FE‐ZiB demonstrates excellent electrochromic capability with a reversible color transition from a transparent in a discharged state (0.3 V) to a dark bluish‐violet in a charged state (1.6 V). These results highlight a new pathway for the development of transparent batteries for smart wearable electronic devices.
Multi‐Scale Nanoarchitectured Fibrous Networks for High‐Performance, Self‐Sterilization, and Recyclable Face Masks
Authors: Xiong Jian , Li Ailin , Liu Ye , Wang Liming , Qin Xiaohong , Yu Jianyong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAirborne particulate matter (PM) pollutants, especially with nanoscale size, have caused serious public health issues. The global demand for high‐performance and recyclable face masks is increasing dramatically, especially during the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, present masks suffer from low‐efficiency interception of PM0.3/pathogen, limited air permeability, and incapacity to reuse and recycle. Here, multi‐scale nanoarchitectured nanofiber/carbon nanotube (NF/CNT) networks are constructed by a needleless‐electrospinning/spraying‐netting strategy, enabling well‐dispersed CNT networks (diameter ≈ 25 nm) welded on charged nanofibrous scaffolds (diameter > 100 nm) layer by layer. The optimized NF/CNT networks possess a fluffy structure with narrow‐distribution small pores (size ≈ 400 nm), “free molecular flow” behavior, and electrostatic adsorption property, thereby exhibiting high filtration efficiency (>99.994% PM0.3 removal) and low resistance (<0.05% atmosphere pressure). Furthermore, they demonstrate reliable and ultra‐fast photothermal‐driven self‐sterilization (>99.986% in 5 min) under 1 sun and electrothermal‐driven self‐sterilization (>99.9999% in 2 min) in sunless scenes owing to their unique nanoarchitecture. Most importantly, the abandoned NF/CNT filters can be fully recycled as high‐performance solar vapor generators to desalinate seawater (3.56 L m−2 d−1). This work offers a fascinating solution to reduce disease transmission, resource consumption, and environmental burdens.
Risk of fetal loss after chorionic villus sampling in twin pregnancy derived from propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Gil M. M. , Rodríguez‐Fernández M. , Elger T. , Akolekar R. , Syngelaki A. , De Paco Matallana C. , Molina F. S. , Gallardo Arocena M. , Chaveeva P. , Persico N. , Accurti V. , Kagan K. O. , Prodan N. , Cruz J. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo estimate the risk of fetal loss associated with chorionic villus sampling (CVS) in twin pregnancy, using propensity score analysis.MethodsThis was a multicenter cohort study of women with twin pregnancy undergoing ultrasound examination at 11–13 weeks' gestation, performed in eight fetal medicine units in which the leadership were trained at the Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine in London, UK, and in which the protocols for screening, invasive testing and pregnancy management are similar. The risk of death of at least one fetus was compared between pregnancies that had and those that did not have CVS, after propensity score matching (1:1 ratio). This procedure created two comparable groups by balancing the maternal and pregnancy characteristics that lead to CVS being performed, similar to how randomization operates in a randomized clinical trial.ResultsThe study population of 8581 twin pregnancies included 445 that had CVS. Death of one or two fetuses at any stage during pregnancy occurred in 11.5% (51/445) of pregnancies in the CVS group and in 6.3% (515/8136) in the non‐CVS group (P < 0.001). The propensity score algorithm matched 258 cases that had CVS with 258 non‐CVS cases; there was at least one fetal loss in 29 (11.2%) cases in the CVS group and in 35 (13.6%) cases in the matched non‐CVS group (odds ratio (OR), 0.81; 95% CI, 0.48–1.35; P = 0.415). However, there was a significant interaction between the risk of fetal loss after CVS and the background risk of fetal loss; when the background risk was higher, the risk of fetal loss after CVS decreased (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.23–0.90), while, in pregnancies with a lower background risk of fetal loss, the risk of fetal loss after CVS increased (OR, 2.45; 95% CI, 0.95–7.13). The effects were statistically significantly different (P‐value of the interaction = 0.005). For a pregnancy in which the background risk of fetal loss was about 6% (the same as in our non‐CVS population), there was no change in the risk of fetal loss after CVS, but, when the background risk was more than 6%, the posterior risk was paradoxically reduced, and when the background risk was less than 6%, the posterior risk increased exponentially; for example, if the background risk of fetal loss was 2.0%, the relative risk was 2.8 and the posterior risk was 5.6%.ConclusionIn twin pregnancy, after accounting for the risk factors that lead to both CVS and spontaneous fetal loss and confining the analysis to pregnancies at lower prior risk, CVS seems to increase the risk of fetal loss by about 3.5% above the patient's background risk. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
»Soziale« Armut aus der Netzwerkperspektive
Authors: Knabe André 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Abschnitt begründet die Notwendigkeit einer relationalen Perspektive in der Armutsforschung, die die Beziehungsnetzwerke und Gelegenheitsstrukturen der Akteur*innen zum Gegenstand ihrer Analysen macht.
»Soziale« Armut: Was sie bedeutet und was dagegen zu tun ist
Authors: Knabe André 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel werden die theoretischen und empirischen Ergebnisse im Hinblick auf den Begriff der sozialen Armut zusammengefasst und Handlungsimplikationen zur Bekämpfung von Armut und sozialer Ausgrenzung abgeleitet.
Development of a certified reference material for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in rubber toy
Authors: Sommerfeld Thomas , Jung Christian , Riedel Juliane , Mauch Tatjana , Sauer Andreas , Koch Matthias 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a large group of priority organic pollutants, which contaminate environmental compartments, food, and consumer products as well. Due to their frequent occurrence associated with elevated levels of PAHs, plastic and rubber parts of consumer products and toys are particular sources of exposure. Although European maximum levels exist for eight carcinogenic PAHs in consumer products and toys according to REACH Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006, certified reference materials (CRM) are still not available. To overcome this lack, the first CRM for the determination of PAHs in rubber toys (BAM-B001) was developed according to the requirements of ISO Guide 35. The whole process of CRM development including preparation, homogeneity and stability studies, and value assignment is presented. The assignment of the certified mass fractions was based upon in-house study at BAM using stable isotope dilution analysis (SIDA) gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The obtained values were confirmed by the results of two interlaboratory comparison (ILC) studies with more than 50 expert laboratories from Germany and China. The mass fractions of 14 PAHs including all REACH and GS mark regulated compounds were certified ranging between 0.2 and 15.4 mg/kg accompanied by expanded uncertainties (coverage factor k = 2). In addition, informative values were determined for 4 PAHs, mainly due to higher uncertainties and/or lack of ILC data for confirmation. BAM-B001 is intended for analytical quality control particularly based on the AfPS GS 2019:01 PAK method and contributes to improve the chemical safety of consumer products including toys.
Graphical abstract
Analyzing the minor volatilome of Torulaspora delbrueckii in an alcoholic fermentation
Authors: Ogawa Minami , Vararu Florin , Moreno-Garcia Jaime , Mauricio Juan Carlos , Moreno Juan , Garcia-Martinez Teresa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTorulaspora delbrueckii is an emerging yeast species in the beverage and food industry that is suitable for alcoholic fermentation and to improve the organoleptic quality of wine, beer, mead, and other beverages. Modern consumer preference toward new flavors and products drives the application of T. delbrueckii to ferment less traditional fruits and vegetables. Thus, it has become increasingly relevant to define those metabolites produced in minute quantities by T. delbrueckii, because they may have an impact when producing these new alcoholic beverages. In this study, we have identified metabolites of T. delbrueckii and have compared them with those of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a controlled setting with a synthetic, high glucose medium using gas chromatography coupled to flame ionization detector (GC–FID) and stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) with GC coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). Results showed that T. delbrueckii produced metabolites with higher changes in odor activity complexes than S. cerevisiae: ethyl propanoate, 1,1-diethoxyethane, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl butyrate, isoamyl acetate, ethyl heptanoate, nonanal, and decanal. We also report seven metabolites detected for the first time in T. delbrueckii. This datum serves to expand the knowledge of T. delbrueckii performance and shows that application of this yeast species is more suitable to a wide array of beverage producers.
Combining Stakeholder- and Social Network- Analysis to Improve Regional Nature Conservation: A Case Study from Osnabrück, Germany
Authors: Przesdzink Felix , Herzog Laura Mae , Fiebelkorn Florian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany nature conservation projects fail primarily not because of a lack of knowledge about upcoming threats or viable conservation concepts but rather because of the inability to transfer knowledge into the creation of effective measures. Therefore, an increase in information exchange and collaboration between theory- and practice-oriented conservation actors, as well as between conservation actors, land user groups, and authorities may enhance the effectiveness of conservation goals. By considering the interactions between conservation stakeholders as social networks, social network analysis (SNA) can help identify structural optimization potential in these networks. The present study combines SNA and stakeholder analysis (SA) to assess the interactions between 34 conservation stakeholders in the major city and district of Osnabrück in northwestern Germany and offers insights into cost/benefit optimizations of these stakeholder interactions. Data were acquired using a pile sort technique and guideline-based expert interviews. The SA, based on knowledge mapping and SWOT (strength, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis, identified individual stakeholder’s complementary properties, indicating which among them would most benefit from mutual information exchange and collaboration. The SNA revealed discrepancies in information exchange and collaboration between theory- and practice-focused stakeholders. Conflicts were found predominantly between conservation associations, authorities and land user groups. Ecological research, funding, land-use conflicts, and distribution of conservation knowledge were identified as fields with high potential for increased information exchange and collaboration. Interviews also showed that the stakeholders themselves see many opportunities for increased networking in the region. The results are discussed in relation to the existing literature on nature conservation networks and used to recommend optimization measures for the studied network. Finally, the conclusion reflects upon the developed approach’s implications and possibilities for conservation stakeholders and planners in general.
An OxPLORE Initiative Evaluating Children's Surgery Resources Worldwide: A Cross‐sectional Implementation of the OReCS Document
Authors: Ravi Krupa , Killen Annabel , Alexander Angus , Bell‐Davies Frances , Biganiro Sebintu James , Brazeal Aurelia , Butoyi Jean Marie Vianney , Diaz Fabio Edgardo , Drabile Romeo , Fanny Marvin , Fernie Lucila , Gunawardana Shannon , Hartley Emma , Hawu Yolisa N. , Hendron Holly , Joseph Stephanie Alcine , Lamahewage Ananda , Mahagedera Ruwantha , Manirambona Emery , Morisho Benjamin Kitambala , Muchunu Patrick , Niyukuri Alliance , Ntaganda Edmond , Orliacq Francisco , Orliacq Josefina , Wobenjo Adili , Young Pablo , Lakhoo Kokila , Ford Kathryn 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Global Initiative for Children's Surgery (GICS) group produced the Optimal Resources for Children's Surgery (OReCS) document in 2019, listing standards of children's surgical care by level of healthcare facilities within low resource settings. We have previously created and piloted an audit tool based on the OReCS criteria in a high‐income setting. In this study, we aimed to validate its use in identifying gaps in children's surgery provision worldwide.MethodsOur OReCS audit tool was implemented in 10 hospitals providing children's surgery across eight countries. Collaborators were recruited via the Oxford Paediatrics Linking Our Research with Electives (OxPLORE) international network of medical students and trainees. The audit tool measured a hospital's current capacity for children's surgery. Data were analysed firstly to express the percentage of ‘essential’ criteria met for each specialty. Secondly, the ‘OxPLORE method’ was used to allocate each hospital specialty a level based on procedures performed and resources available. A User Evaluation Tool (UET) was developed to obtain feedback on the ease of use of the tool.ResultsThe percentage of essential criteria met within each category varied widely between hospitals. The level given to hospitals for subspecialties based on OReCS criteria often did not reflect their self‐defined level. The UET indicated the audit tool was practicable across multiple settings.ConclusionsWe recommend the use of the OReCS criteria to identify areas for local hospital improvement and inform national children's surgical plans. We have made informed suggestions to increase usability of the OReCS audit tool.