bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic construction of nonautonomous Hamiltonian equations of Painlevé type. I. Frobenius integrability
Authors: Błaszak Maciej , Marciniak Krzysztof , Domański Ziemowit 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article is the first one in a suite of three articles exploring connections between dynamical systems of Stäckel type and of Painlevé type. In this article, we present a deformation of autonomous Stäckel‐type systems to nonautonomous Frobenius integrable systems. First, we consider quasi‐Stäckel systems with quadratic in momenta Hamiltonians containing separable potentials with time‐dependent coefficients, and then, we present a procedure of deforming these equations to nonautonomous Frobenius integrable systems. Then, we present a procedure of deforming quasi‐Stäckel systems with so‐called magnetic separable potentials to nonautonomous Frobenius integrable systems. We also provide a complete list of all two‐ and three‐dimensional Frobenius integrable systems, both with ordinary and with magnetic potentials, which originate in our construction. Further, we prove the equivalence between both classes of systems. Finally, we show how Painlevé equationscan be derived from our scheme.
CmLHP1 proteins play a key role in plant development and sex determination in melon (Cucumis melo)
Authors: Rodriguez‐Granados Natalia Yaneth , Ramirez‐Prado Juan Sebastian , Brik‐Chaouche Rim , An Jing , Manza‐Mianza Deborah , Sircar Sanchari , Troadec Christelle , Hanique Melissa , Soulard Camille , Costa Rafael , Dogimont Catherine , Latrasse David , Raynaud Cécile , Boualem Adnane , Benhamed Moussa , Bendahmane Abdelhafid 
Published: December 2021

SUMMARYIn monoecious melon (Cucumis melo), sex is determined by the differential expression of sex determination genes (SDGs) and adoption of sex‐specific transcriptional programs. Histone modifications such as H3K27me3 have been previously shown to be a hallmark associated to unisexual flower development in melon; yet, no genetic approaches have been conducted for elucidating the roles of H3K27me3 writers, readers, and erasers in this process. Here we show that melon homologs to Arabidopsis LHP1, CmLHP1A and B, redundantly control several aspects of plant development, including sex expression. Cmlhp1ab double mutants displayed an overall loss and redistribution of H3K27me3, leading to a deregulation of genes involved in hormone responses, plant architecture, and flower development. Consequently, double mutants display pleiotropic phenotypes and, interestingly, a general increase of the male:female ratio. We associated this phenomenon with a general deregulation of some hormonal response genes and a local activation of male‐promoting SDGs and MADS‐box transcription factors. Altogether, these results reveal a novel function for CmLHP1 proteins in maintenance of monoecy and provide novel insights into the polycomb‐mediated epigenomic regulation of sex lability in plants.
Taming the massive genome of Scots pine with PiSy50k, a new genotyping array for conifer research
Authors: Kastally Chedly , Niskanen Alina K. , Perry Annika , Kujala Sonja T. , Avia Komlan , Cervantes Sandra , Haapanen Matti , Kesälahti Robert , Kumpula Timo A. , Mattila Tiina M. , Ojeda Dario I. , Tyrmi Jaakko S. , Wachowiak Witold , Cavers Stephen , Kärkkäinen Katri , Savolainen Outi , Pyhäjärvi Tanja 
Published: December 2021

SummaryPinus sylvestris(Scots pine) is the most widespread coniferous tree in the boreal forests of Eurasia, with major economic and ecological importance. However, its large and repetitive genome presents a challenge for conducting genome‐wide analyses such as association studies, genetic mapping and genomic selection. We present a new 50K single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping array for Scots pine research, breeding and other applications. To select the SNP set, we first genotyped 480 Scots pine samples on a 407 540 SNP screening array and identified 47 712 high‐quality SNPs for the final array (called ‘PiSy50k’). Here, we provide details of the design and testing, as well as allele frequency estimates from the discovery panel, functional annotation, tissue‐specific expression patterns and expression level information for the SNPs or corresponding genes, when available. We validated the performance of the PiSy50k array using samples from Finland and Scotland. Overall, 39 678 (83.2%) SNPs showed low error rates (mean = 0.9%). Relatedness estimates based on array genotypes were consistent with the expected pedigrees, and the level of Mendelian error was negligible. In addition, array genotypes successfully discriminate between Scots pine populations of Finnish and Scottish origins. The PiSy50k SNP array will be a valuable tool for a wide variety of future genetic studies and forestry applications.
The UPR regulator IRE1 promotes balanced organ development by restricting TOR‐dependent control of cellular differentiation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Angelos Evan , Brandizzi Federica 
Published: December 2021

SUMMARYProteostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is controlled by sophisticated signaling pathways that are collectively called the unfolded protein response (UPR) and are initiated by specialized ER membrane‐associated sensors. The evidence that complete loss‐of‐function mutations of the most conserved of the UPR sensors, inositol‐requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), dysregulates tissue growth and development in metazoans and plants raises the fundamental question as to how IRE1 is connected to organismal growth. To address this question, we interrogated the Arabidopsis primary root, an established model for organ development, using the tractable Arabidopsis IRE1 mutantire1a ire1b, which has marked root development defects in the absence of exogenous stress. We demonstrate that IRE1 is required to reach maximum rates of cell elongation and root growth. We also established that in the actively growingire1a ire1bmutant root tips the Target of Rapamycin (TOR) kinase, a widely conserved pro‐growth regulator, is hyperactive, and that, unlike cell proliferation, the rate of cell differentiation is enhanced inire1a ire1bin a TOR‐dependent manner. By functionally connecting two essential growth regulators, these results underpin a novel and critical role of IRE1 in organ development and indicate that, as cells exit an undifferentiated state, IRE1 is required to monitor TOR activity to balance cell expansion and maturation during organ biogenesis.
A systems‐biology approach identifies co‐expression modules in response to low phosphate supply in maize lines of different breeding history
Authors: He Mingjie , Li Xuelian , Mang Melissa , Li Zhi , Ludewig Uwe , Schulze Waltraud X. 
Published: December 2021

SUMMARYPlants cope with low phosphorus availability by adjusting growth and metabolism through transcriptomic and proteomic adaptations. We hypothesize that selected genotypes with distinct phosphorous (P) use efficiency covering the breeding history of European Flint heterotic pool provide a tool to reveal general and genotype‐specific molecular responses to P limitation. We reconstructed protein and gene co‐expression networks by weighted correlation network analysis and related these to phosphate deficiency‐induced traits. In roots, low phosphate supply resulted in a decreasing abundance of proteins in the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and a negative correlation with root and shoot phosphate content. We observed an increase in abundance and positive correlation with root and shoot phosphate content for proteins in sucrose biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, respiration and RNA processing. Purple acid phosphatases, superoxide dismutase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase were identified as being upregulated under low phosphate in all genotypes. Overall, correlations between protein and mRNA abundance changes were limited, with ribosomal proteins and the ubiquitin protein degradation pathway exclusively responding with protein abundance changes. Carbohydrate, phospho‐ and sulfo‐lipid metabolism showed abundance changes at the protein and mRNA levels. These partially non‐overlapping proteomic and transcriptomic adjustments to low phosphate suggest sugar and lipid metabolism as metabolic processes associated with improved P use efficiency specifically in Founder Flint lines. We identified a mitogen‐activated protein kinase‐kinase as a potential genotype‐specific regulator of sucrose metabolism at low phosphate in Founder Flint line EP1. We conclude that, during breedingt of Elite Flint lines, regulation of primary metabolism has changed to result in a distinct low phosphate response in Founder lines.
Does economic globalisation promote economic growth? A meta‐analysis
Authors: Heimberger Philipp 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA large volume of econometric literature has studied the effects of economic globalisation on economic growth around the world. Reported results, however, vary considerably, which makes it difficult to draw valid conclusions. This paper applies meta‐analysis and meta‐regression methods to a novel dataset consisting of 5542 estimates on globalisation–growth effects reported in 516 primary studies. We find evidence for publication selection bias in favour of positive growth effects of globalisation. After correcting for this bias, the size of the effect of economic globalisation on output growth is more than halved, but it remains positive. The growth‐promoting effect, however, is due to trade globalisation, as we cannot reject the hypothesis that the impact of financial globalisation on growth is, on average, zero. The meta‐regression results also reveal that the growth effects of economic globalisation have varied over time, and that education and institutions serve as significant moderator variables.
When does foreign direct investment lead to inclusive growth?
Authors: Kang Hyojung , Martinez‐Vazquez Jorge 
Published: December 2021

AbstractForeign direct investment (FDI) is widely considered among the most effective instruments for the promotion of economic development. However, not all FDI leads to inclusive economic growth, lifting the welfare of the poorest groups. This paper examines the conditions under which FDI can effectively lead to inclusive growth. By using a fixed effects regression with annual data for 67 countries from 1990 to 2015, we find that FDI has a positive effect on inclusive growth when there is a sufficiently large manufacturing sector and infrastructure base in the host country. We also indirectly find that FDI has a positive effect on inclusive growth when the host country has a large service sector. These not very optimistic results emphasise the critical importance of the host country's absorptive capacity. A smaller technological or knowledge gap with the foreign firms is required for FDI to lead to more linkages and spillovers and ultimately job creation for the poor. The results cast doubt on development strategies that rely on FDI as a sufficient policy for inclusive growth.
Level of Absorptive Capacity among Contractors in Technology Transfer Project: Electrical Train Service (ETS), Malaysia
Authors: Razali Syafiq Razi , Omar Roshartini , Sarpin Norliana , Mohamed Sulzakimin , Sallehuddin Aina Mardia 
Published: December 2021

In a global competitive environment, technical changes are rapid, volatile and very complex. Nowadays, technology is labelled as a weapon towards organization for performance and productivity, which made absorptive capacity (ACAP) an important aspect. Absorptive capacity refers to an organization’s ability to recognize, capture, assimilate, transform and exploit the new technology within the organization. In order, to allow technology transfer to be successful, the organization is required to have a strong ACAP. However, a previous study has outlined that the level of ACAP in the construction industry is relatively low and this has made the technology transfer process in the industry very challenging. Thus, this research aims to explore the ACAP level and technology transfer activities in a construction project. The objectives of this paper are to identify the factors that enhance ACAP in the technology transfer process, to measure the level of ACAP in the technology transfer process and to identify a suitable suggestion in order to improve ACAP in the technology transfer process. 35 contractors from the electric double track (ETS) project, in Segamat have been involved, with a 35% of respond rate. The contractors from the ETS project have been chosen as the project is known as a mega project and has involved various foreign technology and experts, which allow technology transfer to happen actively. Questionnaires are used as the research instrument and descriptive data analysis is conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. The findings show that the organizational factors contribute a significant influence towards ACAP in the technology transfer process. The ACAP level that is experienced by the respondents contribute towards good work performance, while the communication and skills aspect are to increase the level of ACAP in the technology transfer process. Based on the findings of this study, the organizations, contractors, academics, and others need to alert and view one of these issue as an important problem and to establish further cooperation in maintaining the level of absorptive capacity of new technology in the process of technology transfer in order to achieve optimal levels over a period of time.
Long-Term Dynamics of Chlorophyll in Plankton of Different Sites in a Large Plain Reservoir
Authors: Mineeva N. M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
On the basis of field observations in 2009–2019, the seasonal and long-term dynamics of chlorophyll at six standard stations of the Rybinsk Reservoir is considered. The fluorescence method is used to determine chlorophyll. The average chlorophyll content at stations varies from the minimum 3.5–10.8 to the maximum 16.9–40.5 μg/L in different years and from 12.0 at station 5 (Sredny Dvor) up to 21.6 μg/L at station 2 (Mologa) on average for the entire period. The seasonal dynamics of chlorophyll is characterized by spring; summer; and, in some years, autumn maxima. With the same type of seasonal dynamics, the change in chlorophyll at the stations is to varying degrees coupled in the years of observation and is most often correlated in neighboring areas. Significant differences in the amount of chlorophyll at the stations are observed during surveys carried out within one day and are determined by the complex hydrological structure of the reservoir; active dynamic processes; and, in the spring, by the thermal regime. The presence of stable large circulation zones smoothes out the spatial differences of chlorophyll, the average seasonal concentrations of which do not differ significantly at all six stations in years with an average water level, and at four stations of the Main Reach in extremely high-water years. A close correlation in long-term dynamics is revealed for the average chlorophyll concentrations for the growing season at six stations, as well as at each station and the reservoir as a whole. The results of the work confirm the reliability of the data obtained for assessing the ecological state of the Rybinsk Reservoir.
Seesaw, coherence and neutrino oscillations
Authors: Kupiainen Tomi , Tureanu Anca 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe present a prescription for consistently constructing non-Fock coherent flavour neutrino states within the framework of the seesaw mechanism, and establish that the physical vacuum of massive neutrinos is a condensate of Standard Model massless neutrino states. The coherent states, involving a finite number of massive states, are derived by constructing their creation operator. This construction fulfills automatically the key requirement of coherence for the oscillations of particles to occur. We comment on the inherent non-unitarity of the oscillation probability induced by the requirement of coherence.
Slowly rotating black holes in the novel Einstein–Maxwell-scalar theory
Authors: Qiu Jianhui 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe investigate a slowly rotating black hole solution in a novel Einstein–Maxwell-scalar theory, which is prompted by the classification of general Einstein–Maxwell-scalar theory. The gyromagnetic ratio of this black hole is calculated, and it increases as the second free parameter $$\beta $$
β
increases, but decreases with the increasing parameter $$\gamma \equiv \frac{2 \alpha ^{2}}{1+\alpha ^2}$$

γ
≡

2

α
2

1
+

α
2

. In the Einstein–Maxwell-dilaton (EMD) theory, the parameter $$\beta $$
β
vanishes but the free parameter $$\alpha $$
α
governing the strength of the coupling between the dilaton and the Maxwell field remains. The gyromagnetic ratio is always less than 2, the well-known value for a Kerr–Newman (KN) black hole as well as for a Dirac electron. Scalar hairs reduce the magnetic dipole moment in dilaton theory, resulting in a drop in the gyromagnetic ratio. However, we find that the gyromagnetic ratio of two can be realized in this Einstein–Maxwell-scalar theory by increasing $$\beta $$
β
and the charge-to-mass ratio Q/M simultaneously (recall that the gyromagnetic ratio of KN black holes is independent of Q/M). The same situation also applies to the angular velocity of a locally non-rotating observer. Moreover, we analyze the period correction for circular orbits in terms of charge-to-mass ratio, as well as the correction of the radius of the innermost stable circular orbits. It is found the correction increases with $$\beta $$
β
but decreases with Q/M. Finally, the total radiative efficiency is investigated, and it can vanish once the effect of rotation is considered.
Study of the $$D_s^+\rightarrow a_0(980) \rho $$ and $$a_0(980) \omega $$ decays
Authors: Yu Yao , Hsiao Yu-Kuo , Ke Bai-Cian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe study $$D_{s}^{+}\rightarrow \rho ^{0(+)}a^{+(0)}_{0}$$

D

s

+

→

ρ

0
(
+
)

a
0

+
(
0
)

, $$D_{s}^{+}\rightarrow \omega a^{+}_{0}$$

D

s

+

→
ω

a
0
+

, and the resonant $$D_{s}^{+}\rightarrow \rho a_0$$

D

s

+

→
ρ

a
0

, $$a_{0}\rightarrow \eta \pi (KK)$$

a
0

→
η
π

(
K
K
)

decays. In the final state interaction, where $$D_s^+\rightarrow (\eta ^{(\prime )}\pi ^+,K^+{{\bar{K}}}^0)$$

D
s
+

→

(

η

(
′
)

π
+

,

K
+

K

¯

0

)

are followed by the $$(\eta ^{(\prime )}\pi ^+,K^+{{\bar{K}}}^0)$$

(

η

(
′
)

π
+

,

K
+

K

¯

0

)

to $$\rho ^{0(+)}a^{+(0)}_{0}$$

ρ

0
(
+
)

a
0

+
(
0
)

rescatterings, we predict $$\mathcal{B}(D_{s}^{+}\rightarrow \rho ^{0(+)}a^{+(0)}_{0})=(3.0\pm 0.3\pm 1.0)\times 10^{-3}$$

B

(

D

s

+

→

ρ

0
(
+
)

a
0

+
(
0
)

)

=

(
3.0
±
0.3
±
1.0
)

×

10

-
3

. Due to the cancellation of the rescattering effects and the suppressed short-distance W annihilation contribution, we expect that $${{\mathcal {B}}}(D_{s}^{+}\rightarrow \omega a^{+}_{0}) \simeq \mathcal{B}(D_s^+\rightarrow \pi ^+\pi ^0)<3.4\times 10^{-4}$$

B

(

D

s

+

→
ω

a
0
+

)

≃
B

(

D
s
+

→

π
+

π
0

)

<
3.4
×

10

-
4

. In our calculation, $${{\mathcal {B}}}(D_{s}^{+}\rightarrow \rho ^{0}(a^{+}_{0}\rightarrow )\eta \pi ^{+}) =(1.6^{+0.2}_{-0.3}\pm 0.6)\times 10^{-3}$$

B

(

D

s

+

→

ρ
0

(

a
0
+

→
)

η

π
+

)

=

(
1
.

6

-
0.3

+
0.2

±
0.6
)

×

10

-
3

agrees with the data, whereas $${{\mathcal {B}}}(D_{s}^{+}\rightarrow \rho ^{+}(a^{0}_{0}\rightarrow )K^+K^-)$$

B
(

D

s

+

→

ρ
+

(

a
0
0

→
)

K
+

K
-

)

is 10 times smaller than the observation, which requires a careful examination.
Utilitarianism and the Westernization of Modern Mohist Studies
Authors: Nie Tao , Wu Manyi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The term “utilitarianism” in English translates into Chinese as gongli zhuyi. When Liang Qichao and Hu Shi first imported the concept of utilitarianism into the study of Mohist thought, the term was initially translated as shili zhuyi or leli zhuyi. The use of gongli zhuyi in Mohist studies was established only through the efforts of Yan Fu and Wu Yu to break down the negative connotations of gongli in traditional Chinese culture and through the systematic research and scholarly influence of Feng Youlan. The study of Mohist thought within the framework of utilitarianism as gongli zhuyi is now common practice throughout academia with few scholars objecting to the use of this term.
Interpretations of Mohism’s “Impartial Love” in the Republic of China: A Comparative Approach to Confucianism and Mohism
Authors: Ding Sixin , Wu Xiaoxin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Since the reign of Qianlong and Jiaqing in the Qing dynasty, there have been signs of a resurgence of interest in Mohism. Intellectuals became particularly invested in Mozi’s teachings during the period of the Republic of China. “Impartial love,” the notion of equity advocated by Mozi, received the most attention. At the time, most discussions primarily attempted to respond to Mencius’s criticism of Mozi’s doctrine. Some scholars stressed Mohism’s high regard for filial piety and demonstrated persuasively that the concept of impartial love did not closely correspond to Mencius’s labelling of it as “disregarding one’s father.” Other scholars drew a distinction between Mozi and his disciples and identified only the latter as deserving of Mencius’s criticism. Some thinkers affirmed impartial love’s practical significance and saw it as a significant tool for condemning the autocracy and saving the country from imminent downfall. Others vehemently denounced the principle’s impracticability. A close look at these different trends can provide us with a better understanding of the different attitudes of intellectuals in the period of the Republic of China regarding Confucianism and the relationship between Confucianism and Mohism.
On the Mohist Critique of Other Pre-Qin Schools of Philosophy
Authors: Gao Huaping 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Mohism was the first ideology in the pre-Qin period to engage in open critique. Although it shared a common origin with Confucianism, Mohists criticized Confucianism by claiming that “in the teaching of the Confucians there are four elements sufficient to ruin the empire.” Later students of Mohism went so far as to launch personal attacks against Confucius, the founder of Confucianism. Mohist discourse on the concepts of “universal love,” “exalting worthiness,” “reverence for ghosts,” and “opposition to fatalism” mostly aimed at criticizing the philosopher Yang Zhu, especially his concepts of “action in one’s self-interest,” “not exalting worthiness,” “disbelief in ghosts,” and “resting content in the dispositions of one’s inborn nature.” Although, at the time of the Mohists, the schools of thought on yin-yang, diplomacy, legalism, names or logic, agriculture, and syncretism had not officially formed, some of their concepts and ideologies had already begun to emerge. As a result, the Mozi contains many criticisms of them.
Considering the Present from the Past: On Mohist Thought and Its Modern Transformation
Authors: Lee Hsien-chung 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Pre-Qin era Mohist thought was endowed with a Confucian legacy as well as a critical eye and a unique set of ideas. These ideas later affected Legalist thought and attracted criticism from Mencius, Xunzi, and Zhuangzi, and many disputes arose thereafter between the later Mohists. Mohist thought can be broadly characterized as possessing distinctively ethical, rational, and practical features, and we can identify three main aspects of the modern transformation of Mohist philosophy. The first derives from Mozi’s statement on “[the endeavor to] procure benefits for the world and eliminate its calamities,” which can be interpreted as calling on humanity to resolve regional issues from a global viewpoint. The second draws upon Mozi’s statement on “universal love and mutual aid” to promote a manner of thinking that embraces peace at a global level and cultivates strong worldwide environmental awareness. The third draws upon Mozi’s ideas of “identification with the superior” and “Mohist methods of thinking” to promote a type of technological integration that incorporates cultural and social approaches and scientific thought to establish a global teaching system.