bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of infusion ports in patients with sickle cell disease: Indications and complications
Authors: Ilonze Chibuzo , Anderson Michael , Stubblefield Alex , Journeycake Janna , Sinha Arpan A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeripheral venous access in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) can become difficult over time due to frequent access and scarring. Infusion ports provide reliable central venous access. Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and infections are complications associated with SCD and infusion ports.MethodsWe performed a 17.5‐year single‐institution retrospective chart review (January 2000 to July 2018) with literature review regarding use of infusion ports in patients with SCD.ResultsWe identified 32 patients with infusion ports placed for a total of 63 devices (48 for chronic transfusion [CT] and 15 for poor venous access [PVA], not on CT) for a total of 99,272 catheter days. The mean age at first insertion was 8 years (range 1–20 years). Complications included malfunction, infection, thrombosis, difficult access, and pain over infusion port site. The rate of infection was 0.2 per 1000 catheter days. Thrombosis was identified in three devices (5%) in three patients (9%), with a rate of 0.03 per 1000 catheter days. There was no difference in complications by site in either the left or right subclavian vein (p = 1). The rate of premature removal was 0.36 per 1000 catheter days, which was higher among patients with infusion ports solely for PVA (0.87 per 1000 catheter days) compared with those placed for CT (0.29 per 1000 catheter days).ConclusionInfusion ports in patients with SCD was associated with low rates of thrombosis, infection, and malfunction, and may be considered as an alternative to frequent intravenous access, especially in patients requiring CT.
Telehealth treatment for nonspecific low back pain: A review of the current state in mobile health
Authors: Tabacof Laura , Baker Turner S. , Durbin John R. , Desai Vimi , Zeng Qi , Sahasrabudhe Abhishek , Herrera Joseph E. , Putrino David 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionNonspecific low back pain (LBP) is an idiopathic musculoskeletal condition that affects four of five individuals in their lifetime and is the leading cause of job‐related disability in the United States. The interest in interactive and dynamic telehealth treatments for LBP continues to grow, and it is important for the medical community to remain up‐to‐date on the state of the science.Literature surveyRelevant studies published from March 2016 until March 2021 were identified through a systematic search of EMBASE, MedLine, and Web of Science. The search strategy combined the concepts of back pain, telehealth, and mobile applications.MethodologyTitles and abstracts were screened to select full‐text randomized controlled trials or protocols, and methodological quality and risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool. Data were synthesized narratively.SynthesisWe included seven concluded randomized‐controlled trials and two study protocols reporting mobile health (mHealth) solutions for LBP. Six of the seven concluded trials found a significant improvement in self‐reported numerical pain rating scale compared to the control group. A single trial compared a mHealth solution to physical therapy, with the majority of studies comparing interventions to “usual care.” Substantial heterogeneity in reporting of sample characteristics was found, indicating a lack of standardization through the field.ConclusionsmHealth solutions may positively impact people with LBP. Larger trials should be encouraged and the field should coalesce around a set of baseline variables for collection and reporting. Because many interventions involve patient engagement, future trials should aim to further quantify adherence levels and begin to define telehealth “doses” associated with better outcomes.
Fall armyworm in Botswana: impacts, farmer management practices and implications for sustainable pest management
Authors: Makale Fernadis , Mugambi Idah , Kansiime Monica K , Yuka Irie , Abang Mathew , Lechina Bonolo S , Rampeba Mosimanegape , Rwomushana Ivan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDSince first reported in Botswana, fall armyworm (FAW) continues to be a threat to crop production. This study aimed to estimate impacts of FAW on yield and farmers' livelihoods in Botswana, and to obtain data that could be extrapolated to national level. Further, farmer knowledge of the pest, management practices and pesticide use for FAW management were assessed.RESULTSIn fact, 76% of the 220 respondents had seen FAW in their farms in the 2018/2019 cropping season, affecting almost the entire and about half of cultivated area for maize and sorghum, respectively. Thus, 51% of the respondents implemented FAW control measures, with chemical pesticides (27%) being the most common management against FAW. Only 33% of respondents in 2018/2019 were food self‐sufficient, as opposed to 80% in an ordinary year, with farmers who reported not to have been affected by FAW more likely to be insufficient with food (88%) compared to 60% of the farmers who reported FAW attack. Drought was ranked the major stress experienced by the famers (35%), and also showed significant yield reducing effects on maize yield with pest and diseases reported second most important. Pesticides (20%) and training on pest management (18%) were the top ranked needs by farmers interviewed.CONCLUSIONSThis study confirms the impact and threat of FAW to crop production in Botswana. Chemicals remain the go‐to control option by a majority of the farmers. Other low‐risk technologies exist and are proposed for adoption in the management of FAW. Of note is the acknowledgement that a single control strategy will not be effective against FAW and as such integrated pest management (IPM) on an area‐wide scale is needed to achieve best results. Mass awareness, training and demonstration will be required to achieve this.
Effects of background food on alternative grain uptake and zinc phosphide efficacy in wild house mice
Authors: Henry Steve , Brown Peter R , Van de Weyer Nikki , Robinson Freya , Hinds Lyn A 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDHouse mice (Mus musculus) cause significant, ongoing losses to grain crops in Australia, particularly during mouse plagues. Zinc phosphide (ZnP) coated grain is used for control, but with variable success. In a laboratory setting, we tested if mice would (i) switch from consumption of one grain type to another when presented with an alternative and (ii) consume ZnP‐treated grains when presented as a choice with a different grain.RESULTSMice readily switched from their background grain to an alternative grain, preferring cereals (wheat or barley) over lentils. Mice readily consumed ZnP‐coated barley grains. Their mortality rate was significantly higher (86%, n = 30) in the presence of a less‐favoured grain (lentils) compared to their mortality rate (47%, n = 29; 53%, n = 30) in the presence of a more‐favoured grain (wheat and barley, respectively). Mice died between 4 and 112 h (median = 18 h) after consuming one or more toxic grains. Independent analysis of ZnP‐coated grains showed variable toxin loading indicating that consumption of a single grain would not guarantee intake of a lethal dose. There was also a strong and rapid behavioural aversion if mice did not consume a lethal dose on the first night.CONCLUSIONSThe registered dose rate of 25 g of ZnP/kg wheat (~1 mg of ZnP/grain) in Australia needs to be re‐evaluated to determine what factors may be contributing to variation in efficacy. Further field research is also required to understand the complex association between ZnP dose, and quantity and quality of background food on efficacy of ZnP baits.
COVID‐19 pandemic‐related stressors and posttraumatic stress: The main, moderating, indirect, and mediating effects of social support
Authors: Zaken Mali D. , Boyraz Güler , Dickerson Sally S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has created a variety of stressors, some of which have been linked to intense stress reactions, such as posttraumatic stress (PTS)‐like symptoms. However, we have limited knowledge on cumulative effects of pandemic‐related stressors on PTS or on variables that may mitigate the effects of these stressors. We aimed to address some of these knowledge gaps by testing three models to examine the interrelationships among pandemic‐related stressors, perceived social support, coping flexibility, and pandemic‐related PTS. The sample of this cross‐sectional correlational study is comprised of 2291 adults from the United States who completed an online survey between 22 May 2020 and 15 July 2020. Results indicated that greater exposure to secondary stressors, but not COVID‐19‐related stressors, was associated with increased PTS. After controlling for COVID‐19‐related and secondary stressors, social support had negative direct and indirect (via coping flexibility) effects on PTS. In addition, social support mediated the effects of COVID‐19‐related and secondary stressors on PTS. Our findings highlight the complexity of the role of social support in relation to pandemic‐related stressors and PTS, and suggest that early interventions that target social support and coping flexibility may help reduce pandemic‐related PTS.
Unveiling the Role and Mechanism of Nb Doping and In Situ Carbon Coating on Improving Lithium‐Ion Storage Characteristics of Rod‐Like Morphology FeF3·0.33H2O
Authors: Liu Min , Liu Junchang , Chen Biaobing , Wu Tianjing , Wang Gang , Chen Manfang , Yang Zhenhua , Bai Yansong , Wang Xianyou 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGiven the inherent characteristics of transition metal fluorides and open tunnel‐type frameworks, intercalation‐conversion‐type FeF3·0.33H2O has attracted widespread attention as a promising lithium‐ion battery cathode material with high operating voltage and high energy density. However, its low electronic conductivity and poor structural stability impede its practical application in high‐rate capacity and long‐lifetime batteries. Herein, rod‐like Nb‐substituted FeF3·0.33H2O (Nb‐FeF3·0.33H2O@C) nanocrystals with a carbon coating derived from in situ carbonization in an ionic liquid are deliberately designed and prepared. Based on first‐principles calculations and electrochemical analysis, it is shown that substitution of Nb into a proportion of Fe sites can dramatically reduce the total energy of the system and the bandgap, thus boosting the structural stability and electronic conductivity of FeF3·0.33H2O. Simultaneously, the combination of a surface conductive carbon coating and assembly of the nanoparticles into a rod‐like mesoporous architecture can produce an omni‐directional ion/electron transmission network and a robust 3D composite structure. The Nb‐FeF3·0.33H2O@C composite with 3% Nb‐doping displays high capacity (583.2 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C), good rate capacity (187.8 mAh g−1 at a high rate of 5.0 C), and excellent long‐term cycle stability (160.4 mAh g−1 after 300 long cycles).
Blockchain networks: Data structures of Bitcoin, Monero, Zcash, Ethereum, Ripple, and Iota
Authors: Akcora Cuneyt Gurcan , Gel Yulia R. , Kantarcioglu Murat 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBlockchain is an emerging technology that has enabled many applications, from cryptocurrencies to digital asset management and supply chains. Due to this surge of popularity, analyzing the data stored on blockchains poses a new critical challenge in data science. To assist data scientists in various analytic tasks for a blockchain, in this tutorial, we provide a systematic and comprehensive overview of the fundamental elements of blockchain network models. We discuss how we can abstract blockchain data as various types of networks and further use such associated network abstractions to reap important insights on blockchains' structure, organization, and functionality.This article is categorized under:
Technologies > Data Preprocessing
Application Areas > Business and Industry
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Data Concepts
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Knowledge Representation
Lines of Action for Sexting Prevention and Intervention: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ojeda Mónica , Del Rey Rosario 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSexting has become a new form of intimate interaction in line with contemporary communication methods. This phenomenon often leads to positive outcomes, but it can also have negative repercussions depending on the situation, such as the context of the relationship, and whether it is consensual or coercive. Despite this, the main types of sexting behaviors (sending, receiving, and third-party forwarding) must be addressed in order to promote safe and healthy practices. However, the approach to tackling this phenomenon remains unclear. This systematic review sought to summarize the lines of action proposed or conducted in the scientific literature to address sexting, to help researchers and educators create and evaluate effective programs. A systematic search of 21 databases was conducted; only articles relating to sexting education, prevention, and intervention among child and adolescent populations were considered. In total, 456 articles were identified, 91 of which were included for the purposes of this research. The results highlighted a need to respond to the aforementioned sexting behaviors and to tackle the resulting conflict situations. Although interventions across different areas are recommended (e.g., health, family, policies, legal advice, law enforcement, technology experts, and even society as a whole), most studies agree that school is the most practical setting for intervention. Thus, the 15 lines of action identified in this systematic review must all be considered to effectively address sexting in childhood and adolescence.
“Complete Labelling” and Domestic Prosecutions for Crimes Against Humanity
Authors: Eskauriatza Javier S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFair labelling is an established principle of criminal justice that scrutinises the way that States use language in labelling criminal defendants and their conduct. I argue that “complete labelling” is a related but separate principle which has not received any explicit attention from commentators. Whereas fair labelling focuses, usually, on the protection of defendant’s rights, the principle of complete labelling explains and justifies whether the labels attached appropriately represent the nature and scale of the wrong done to the community. As a case study, I apply this lens in the context of regional (U.S./Mexican) criminal justice responses to crimes against humanity perpetrated by “drug-cartels” in the context of the Mexican Drug War. Successive administrations in Mexico and the U.S. have tended to charge cartel leaders (and/or their political supporters) with so-called “transnational crimes” (for example, drug-trafficking, money-laundering, bribery/corruption). This is despite the fact that many of the most powerful cartels have controlled territory, attacked entire towns, carried out acts of terror, and disappeared thousands of people. The principle of complete labelling is useful in normative terms because it helps in the critical examination of a State’s prosecutorial practices, exposing problems that might otherwise be missed. In relation to the case study discussed, for example, a focus on complete labelling helps to expose the regional prosecutorial policy as either an unjustified exercise in selectivity or, at worst, an expression of collective denial. After considering certain counteracting reflexions which speak to some of the foundational anxieties of international criminal justice, the article concludes that domestic prosecutions for crimes against humanity in the context of drug-cartels may, sometimes, be justified.
Electroretinogram responses in myopia: a review
Authors: Gupta Satish Kumar , Chakraborty Ranjay , Verkicharla Pavan Kumar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe stretching of a myopic eye is associated with several structural and functional changes in the retina and posterior segment of the eye. Recent research highlights the role of retinal signaling in ocular growth. Evidence from studies conducted on animal models and humans suggests that visual mechanisms regulating refractive development are primarily localized at the retina and that the visual signals from the retinal periphery are also critical for visually guided eye growth. Therefore, it is important to study the structural and functional changes in the retina in relation to refractive errors. This review will specifically focus on electroretinogram (ERG) changes in myopia and their implications in understanding the nature of retinal functioning in myopic eyes. Based on the available literature, we will discuss the fundamentals of retinal neurophysiology in the regulation of vision-dependent ocular growth, findings from various studies that investigated global and localized retinal functions in myopia using various types of ERGs.
What if I was harmful? Reflecting on the ethical tensions associated with teaching the dominant mathematics
Authors: Abtahi Yasmine 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
What are the effects of teaching the dominant mathematics on the wholeness and integrity of the cultural, social and linguistic resources of diverse communities? In this text, I seek to capture the risks associated with utilising non-Western resources in the teaching of the dominant mathematics in order to elucidate possible types of harms that conventional mathematics education could cause to various non-Western communities. In particular, I challenge various dominant theoretical views that endorse the employment of the social, cultural and linguistic (re)sources of others to teach and learn mathematics, without paying similar or even deeper ethical attention to the mutual and reciprocal effects of the taught and learnt mathematics. I propose an epistemology of interrelationships; I call attention to possible harms caused by utilising the social, cultural and linguistic (re)sources of some non-Western communities as part of the teaching and learning of dominant school mathematics on the same (re)sources of those communities.
The Processing of Negation and Polarity: An Overview
Authors: Dudschig Carolin , Kaup Barbara , Liu Mingya , Schwab Juliane 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNegation is a universal component of human language; polarity sensitivity (i.e., lexical distributional constraints in relation to negation) is arguably so while being pervasive across languages. Negation has long been a field of inquiry in psychological theories and experiments of reasoning, which inspired many follow-up studies of negation and negation-related phenomena in psycholinguistics. In generative theoretical linguistics, negation and polarity sensitivity have been extensively studied, as the related phenomena are situated at the interfaces of syntax, semantics and pragmatics, and are thus extremely revealing about the architecture of grammar. With the now long tradition of research on negation and polarity in psychology and psycholinguistics, and the emerging field of experimental semantics and pragmatics, a multitude of interests and experimental paradigms have emerged which call for re-evaluations and further development and integration. This special issue contains a collection of 16 research articles on the processing of negation and negation-related phenomena including polarity items, questions, conditionals, and irony, using a combination of behavioral (e.g., rating, reading, eye-tracking and sentence completion) and neuroimaging techniques (e.g., EEG). They showcase the processing of negation and polarity with or without context, in various languages and across different populations (adults, typically developing and ADHD children). The integration of multiple theoretical and empirical perspectives in this collection provides new insights, methodological advances and directions for future research.
Managing pandemics as super wicked problems: lessons from, and for, COVID-19 and the climate crisis
Authors: Auld Graeme , Bernstein Steven , Cashore Benjamin , Levin Kelly 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCOVID-19 has caused 100s of millions of infections and millions of deaths worldwide, overwhelming health and economic capacities in many countries and at multiple scales. The immediacy and magnitude of this crisis has resulted in government officials, practitioners and applied scholars turning to reflexive learning exercises to generate insights for managing the reverberating effects of this disease as well as the next inevitable pandemic. We contribute to both tasks by assessing COVID-19 as a “super wicked” problem denoted by four features we originally formulated to describe the climate crisis: time is running out, no central authority, those causing the problem also want to solve it, and policies irrationally discount the future (Levin et al. in Playing it forward: path dependency, progressive incrementalism, and the “super wicked” problem of global climate change, 2007; Levin et al. in Playing it forward: Path dependency, progressive incrementalism, and the "super wicked" problem of global climate change, 2009; Levin et al. in Policy Sci 45(2):123–152, 2012). Doing so leads us to identify three overarching imperatives critical for pandemic management. First, similar to requirements to address the climate crisis, policy makers must establish and maintaindurablepolicy objectives. Second, in contrast to climate, management responses must always allow for swiftchangesin policy settings and calibrations given rapid and evolving knowledge about a particular disease’s epidemiology. Third, analogous to, but with swifter effects than climate, wide-ranging global efforts, if well designed, will dramatically reduce domestic costs and resource requirements by curbing the spread of the disease and/or fostering relevant knowledge for managing containment and eradication. Accomplishing these tasks requires building the analytic capacity for engaging in reflexive anticipatory policy design exercises aimed at maintaining, or building, life-saving thermostatic institutions at the global and domestic levels.
Bluetooth 5 performance analysis for inter-vehicular communications
Authors: Aza Andrea , Melendi David , García Roberto , Pañeda Xabiel G. , Pozueco Laura , Corcoba Víctor 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPrevious work has demonstrated the feasibility of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) as an alternative technology for data transfers in inter-vehicular communication (IVC) scenarios. Bluetooth 5.x core specifications enhance the trade-off between energy requirements, communication range and flexibility. In this paper, we aim to analyse the potential of Bluetooth 5 features for VANET applications, proposing a connectionless communication system. By means of field experiments, we evaluate long range and 2 × speed features, defining a set of communication scenarios. This allows us to test both Bluetooth 5.x range and application throughput. The evaluation includes experiments of V2I communications carried out under real highway traffic conditions. The experiments conducted demonstrate that communication ranges up to 300 m may be achieved depending on the communications scenario. The results also show how throughput degrades as the distance between devices increases. The results obtained are used to discuss future work, aimed at deeper analysing Bluetooth 5 features for VANET applications, completing the development of our prototype and evaluating VANET connectionless communications with the features included in the latest Bluetooth 5.2 specification.