bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preservice Teachers’ Perception of Plagiarism: A Case from a College of Education
Authors: Romanowski Michael H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFew studies examine plagiarism in a Middle Eastern context, specifically from the perspectives of preservice teachers. As future gatekeepers of academic integrity, preservice teachers need to understand plagiarism. This study surveyed 128 female preservice teachers in one university in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. The survey explores preservice teachers regarding their understandings and reasons for academic plagiarism and their responses to particular scenarios. Findings indicate that preservice teachers have a thorough comprehension of plagiarism and suggest a lack of knowledge of citing sources, weak writing skills, a lack of time, and not knowing the research process as reasons for plagiarism. Informants' responses to six scenarios are presented to illustrate their perspectives further. Discussion addresses language and cultural issues to contextualize the study.
The Co-development of Friends’ Delinquency with Adolescents’ Delinquency and Short-term Mindsets: The Moderating Role of Co-Offending
Authors: Defoe Ivy N. , van Gelder Jean-Louis , Ribeaud Denis , Eisner Manuel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe companions in crime hypothesis suggests that co-offending moderates the link between peer delinquency and adolescent delinquency. However, this hypothesis has rarely been investigated longitudinally. Hence, this study investigated the co-development of friends’ delinquency and adolescents’ delinquency, as well as the co-development of friends’ delinquency and short-term mindsets (impulsivity and lack of school future orientation). Whether this co-development is stronger when adolescents engage in co-offending was also investigated. Three data waves with two year lags from an ethnically-diverse adolescent sample (at wave 1: N = 1365; 48.6% female; Mage = 13.67; age range = 12.33–15.09 years) in Switzerland were used. The results from parallel process latent growth modeling showed that the co-development between friends’ delinquency and adolescents’ delinquency was stronger when adolescents engaged in co-offending. Thus co-offending likely provides direct access to a setting in which adolescents continue to model the delinquency they learned with their peers.
Human cardiac fibroblasts produce pro-inflammatory cytokines upon TLRs and RLRs stimulation
Authors: Li Zhe , Nguyen Tuan T. , Valaperti Alan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHeart inflammation is one of the major causes of heart damage that leads to dilated cardiomyopathy and often progresses to end-stage heart failure. In the present study, we aimed to assess whether human cardiac cells could release immune mediators upon stimulation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and Retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG)-I-like receptors (RLRs).Commercially available human cardiac fibroblasts and an immortalized human cardiomyocyte cell line were stimulated in vitro with TLR2, TLR3, and TLR4 agonists. In addition, cytosolic RLRs were activated in cardiac cells after transfection of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (PolyIC). Upon stimulation of TLR3, TLR4, MDA5, and RIG-I, but not upon stimulation of TLR2, human cardiac fibroblasts produced high amounts of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8. On the contrary, the immortalized human cardiomyocyte cell line was unresponsive to the tested TLRs agonists. Upon RLRs stimulation, cardiac fibroblasts, and to a lesser extent the cardiomyocyte cell line, induced anti-viral IFN-β expression.These data demonstrate that human cardiac fibroblasts and an immortalized human cardiomyocyte cell line differently respond to various TLRs and RLRs ligands. In particular, human cardiac fibroblasts were able to induce pro-inflammatory and anti-viral cytokines on their own. These aspects will contribute to better understand the immunological function of the different cell populations that make up the cardiac tissue.
The BepiColombo Planetary Magnetometer MPO-MAG: What Can We Learn from the Hermean Magnetic Field?
Authors: Heyner D. , Auster H.-U. , Fornaçon K.-H. , Carr C. , Richter I. , Mieth J. Z. D. , Kolhey P. , Exner W. , Motschmann U. , Baumjohann W. , Matsuoka A. , Magnes W. , Berghofer G. , Fischer D. , Plaschke F. , Nakamura R. , Narita Y. , Delva M. , Volwerk M. , Balogh A. , Dougherty M. , Horbury T. , Langlais B. , Mandea M. , Masters A. , Oliveira J. S. , Sánchez-Cano B. , Slavin J. A. , Vennerstrøm S. , Vogt J. , Wicht J. , Glassmeier K.-H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe magnetometer instrument MPO-MAG on-board the Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO) of the BepiColombo mission en-route to Mercury is introduced, with its instrument design, its calibration and scientific targets. The instrument is comprised of two tri-axial fluxgate magnetometers mounted on a 2.9 m boom and are 0.8 m apart. They monitor the magnetic field with up to 128 Hz in a $\pm 2048$
±
2048
nT range. The MPO will be injected into an initial $480 \times 1500$
480
×
1500
km polar orbit (2.3 h orbital period). At Mercury, we will map the planetary magnetic field and determine the dynamo generated field and constrain the secular variation. In this paper, we also discuss the effect of the instrument calibration on the ability to improve the knowledge on the internal field. Furthermore, the study of induced magnetic fields and field-aligned currents will help to constrain the interior structure in concert with other geophysical instruments. The orbit is also well-suited to study dynamical phenomena at the Hermean magnetopause and magnetospheric cusps. Together with its sister instrument Mio-MGF on-board the second satellite of the BepiColombo mission, the magnetometers at Mercury will study the reaction of the highly dynamic magnetosphere to changes in the solar wind. In the extreme case, the solar wind might even collapse the entire dayside magnetosphere. During cruise, MPO-MAG will contribute to studies of solar wind turbulence and transient phenomena.
Physiological performance of Kazachstania unispora in sourdough environments
Authors: Korcari Dea , Ricci Giovanni , Capusoni Claudia , Fortina Maria Grazia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this work we explored the potential of several strains of Kazachstania unispora to be used as non-conventional yeasts in sourdough fermentation. Properties such as carbohydrate source utilization, tolerance to different environmental factors and the performance in fermentation were evaluated. The K. unispora strains are characterized by rather restricted substrate utilization: only glucose and fructose supported the growth of the strains. However, the growth in presence of fructose was higher compared to a Saccharomyces cerevisiae commercial strain. Moreover, the inability to ferment maltose can be considered a positive characteristic in sourdoughs, where the yeasts can form a nutritional mutualism with maltose-positive Lactic Acid Bacteria. Tolerance assays showed that K. unispora strains are adapted to a sourdough environment: they were able to grow in conditions of high osmolarity, high acidity and in presence of organic acids, ethanol and salt. Finally, the performance in fermentation was comparable with the S. cerevisiae commercial strain. Moreover, the growth was more efficient, which is an advantage in obtaining the biomass in an industrial scale. Our data show that K. unispora strains have positive properties that should be explored further in bakery sector.
Graphic abstract
Application of Imaging Techniques to Determine the Post-Yield Behaviour of the Heterogeneous Microstructure of Friction Stir Welds
Authors: Ramachandran S. , Lakshminarayanan A. K. , Reed P. A. S. , Dulieu-Barton J. M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Friction Stir Welding (FSW) causes intense plastic deformation and consequent thermomechanical interactions resulting in a localised heterogeneous microstructure. To understand the weld mechanical behaviour, it is necessary to identify each microstructural sub-region in the weld.

Objective
Determine the relationship between the local microstructure and mechanical behaviour of the different microstructural regions in a FSW.

Methods
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) identified the microstructural sub-regions of an FSW joint. A novel High-Resolution Digital Image Correlation (HR-DIC) methodology enabled the determination of full-field strain response to provide the mechanical behaviour of the FSW sub-regions. X-ray computed tomography (CT) identified the geometry of the FSW and material composition.

Results
The grain morphology in the FSW varied in the stir zone with a fine grain structure in the weld nugget and larger grains in the thermomechanical affected zone (TMAZ); the grains were larger in the retreating side (RS) compared to the advancing side (AS). Tungsten deposits were found in the weld nugget and attributed to tool wear. The mechanical properties of the weld subregions showed that the material in the stir zone had a greater yield strength than the base material and the RS of the FSW was much more ductile than the weld nugget and the AS side. The tungsten distributions in the stir zone correlated with the local mechanical behaviour.

Conclusions
A novel methodology is developed that combines microstructural observations with HR-DIC enabling, for the first time, the FSW sub-region mechanical behaviour, to be related to the local grain morphology and inclusions caused by tool wear.
Plantar forefoot pain: ultrasound findings before and after treatment with custom-made foot orthoses
Authors: Albano Domenico , Bonifacini Carlo , Zannoni Stefania , Bernareggi Susan , Messina Carmelo , Galia Massimo , Sconfienza Luca Maria 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
No prior studies investigated the role of ultrasound in the assessment of response of patients undergoing treatment of metatarsalgia with custom-made orthoses. Our aim was to describe ultrasound findings of patients with plantar forefoot pain treated with custom-made foot orthoses.

Methods
Twenty patients (15 females; mean age: 62.6 ± 11 years) affected by metatarsalgia in 27/40 feet underwent clinical evaluation before, three months and six months after treatment with custom-made full foot insole with a support proximal and an excavation below the painful metatarsals. Ultrasound was performed before and three months after the use of orthoses to examine the presence of intermetatarsal/submetatarsal bursitis, metatarsophalangeal joints effusion, anterior plantar fat pad oedema, flexor tendinitis/tenosynovitis, and Morton’s neuroma. Outcome measures were clinical response with Foot Function Index (FFI)/Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and ultrasound features changes.

Results
Median VAS and FFI before treatment were 8[5–8.5] and 45.85[32.4–59.4], respectively. After 3 and 6 months of insoles use, both median VAS (2.5 [0–5] and 0 [0–2.75], respectively) and median FFI (7.9 [3.95–20] and 0 [0–3.95], respectively) showed a significant reduction in pain and disability (p < .001). Before treatment, ultrasound revealed 22 intermetatarsal bursitis, 16 submetatarsal bursitis, 10 joint effusions, 20 fat pad oedema, 3 flexor tendinitis/tenosynovitis and 3 Morton’s neuromas. After 3 months of treatment, a significant decrease of intermetatarsal bursitis (7, p < .001) was observed. No significant changes were observed in any other ultrasound parameters.

Conclusion
Ultrasound might be able to detect some imaging features associated with the response of forefoot pain to custom-made foot orthoses, especially intermetatarsal bursitis.
Kompetenzdiagnose im Wirtschaftsbereich Fußballsport: Das Kompetenzinventar Profifußball (KIPF)
Authors: Decius Julian 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungIn einer zunehmend professionalisierten Welt des Fußballsports wächst auch die Bedeutung einer theoretisch fundierten Kompetenzentwicklung bei Profifußballspielern. Mit dem Kompetenzinventar Profifußball (KIPF) wird in diesem Beitrag in der Zeitschrift Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO) ein Fragebogeninstrument vorgestellt, um die beruflichen Handlungskompetenzen im Berufsfeld Profifußball messbar zu machen. Das KIPF basiert auf einem Kompetenzstrukturmodell, dessen Entwicklung anhand einer Literaturrecherche und auf Grundlage von Experteninterviews dargestellt wird. Der Entwicklungsprozess der Fragebogenitems, die Durchführung einer explorativen sowie einer konfirmatorischen Faktorenanalyse und die Überprüfung psychometrischer Gütekriterien werden ausführlich beschrieben. Die Entwicklung und Validierung basieren auf den quantitativen Daten von insgesamt 427 Fußballspielern. Die finale Version des KIPF umfasst die acht Kompetenzdimensionen Taktisches Wissen, Wissen zu Ernährung und Gesundheit, Einsatz von Resilienzmethoden, Umgang mit Medien, Kommunikationsfähigkeit, Teamunterstützende Anpassungsfähigkeit, Mentale Stärke sowie Kritikfähigkeit. Jede Kompetenzdimension wird mit drei Items erfasst. Abschließend werden die Einsatzmöglichkeiten in der Praxis (für Trainer, Verbandsfunktionäre, Spielerberater, Profifußballer) sowie in der Wissenschaft vorgestellt und Möglichkeiten der Übertragung beispielsweise auf den Frauenfußball, andere kulturelle Kontexte und weitere Mannschaftssportarten diskutiert.
Calculation of Phase Diagrams and First-Principles Study of Germanium Impacts on Phosphorus Distribution in Czochralski Silicon
Authors: Dong Hongqun , Tao Xiaoma , Paulasto-Kröckel Mervi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is one of the most widely used donor dopants for fabricating a low-resistivity silicon (Si) substrate. However, its volatile nature and the relatively small equilibrium segregation coefficient in Si at the melting temperature of Si impede the efficient and effective growth of low-resistivity Czochralski (CZ) Si single crystal. The primary objective of this work is to theoretically perceive the influence of germanium co-doping on the heavily P-doped Si crystal by means of CALculation of PHase Diagrams (CALPHAD) approaches and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Phase equilibria at the Si-rich corner of the Si-Ge-P system has been thermodynamically extrapolated based on robust thermodynamic descriptions of involved binary systems, where Si-P and Ge-P have been re-assessed in this work. Phase diagram calculation results indicate that at a given P concentration (e.g. 0.33 at.% P) Ge co-doping lowers the solidification temperature of the Si(Ge, P) alloys, as well as the relevant equilibrium segregation coefficients of P in the doped Si. DFT calculations simulated the formation of (i) monovacancy in Si as well as (ii) solutions of Si(P) and Si(Ge) with one dopant substitutionally inserted in 64- and 216-atom Si cubic supercells. Binding energies were calculated and compared for Ge-Ge, Ge-P and P-P bonds positioning at the first nearest-neighbors (1NN) to the third nearest-neighbors (3NN). P-P bonds have the largest bonding energy from 1NN to 3NN configurations. The climbing image nudged elastic band method (CL-NEB) was utilized to calculate the energy barriers of P 1NN jump in the 64-atom Si cubic supercell with/without a neighboring Ge atom. With Ge present, a higher energy barrier for P 1NN jump was obtained than that without involving Ge. This indicates that Ge can impede the P diffusion in Si matrix.
Between Teleophilia and Teleophobia
Authors: Schaetzle Eric , Hendlin Yogi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDenis Noble convincingly describes the artifacts of theory building in the Modern Synthesis as having been surpassed by the available evidence, indicating more active and less gene-centric evolutionary processes than previously thought. We diagnosis the failure of theory holders to dutifully update their beliefs according to new findings as a microcosm of the prevailing larger social inability to deal with competing paradigms. For understanding life, Noble suggests that there is no privileged level of semiotic interpretation. Understanding multi-level semiosis along with organism and environment contrapunctally, according to Jakob von Uexküll’s theoretical biology, can contribute to the emerging extended evolutionary synthesis.
Surgery for Good Prognosis Breast Cancers
Authors: McIntosh Stuart A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The introduction of mammographic screening programmes has resulted increasing numbers of women with small breast cancers with biologically favourable characteristics. Many of these cancers may represent overdiagnosis, with a resulting treatment burden for women and healthcare costs for providers. Here, current surgical approaches to the treatment of such tumours are reviewed, together with alternative approaches to their management.

Recent Findings
The surgical treatment of small, screen-detected breast cancers with biologically favourable characteristics has been extrapolated from the management of symptomatic breast cancers. There is no prospective randomised evidence for conventional open surgery compared with other approaches in this setting. A number of minimally invasive techniques, most notable vacuum-assisted excision, have been described for the management of these tumours, but at present, there is a lack of high-quality evidence to support their routine use. There are currently ongoing randomised trials evaluating risk-adapted surgical and minimally invasive approaches to the management of good prognosis disease.

Summary
It is possible that the surgical treatment of good prognosis screen-detected breast cancers may be de-escalated. However, high-quality evidence from ongoing prospective randomised trials will be required in order to change clinical practice.
Live fuel moisture content time series in Catalonia since 1998
Authors: Gabriel Eva , Delgado-Dávila Ruth , De Cáceres Miquel , Casals Pere , Tudela Antoni , Castro Xavier 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Key message

We present a structured and curated database covering 21 years of LFMC measurements in the Catalan region, along with an associated R package to manage updates and facilitate quality processing and visualisation. The data set provides valuable information to study plant responses to drought and improve fire danger prediction. Dataset access is athttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4675335, and associated metadata are available athttps://metadata-afs.nancy.inra.fr/geonetwork/srv/fre/catalog.search#/metadata/583fdbae-3200-4fa7-877c-54df0e6c5542.
Interdependence of friction, wear, and noise: A review
Authors: Lontin Kevin , Khan Muhammad 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPhenomena of friction, wear, and noise in mechanical contacts are particularly important in the field of tribomechanics but equally complex if one wants to represent their exact relationship with mathematical models. Efforts have been made to describe these phenomena with different approaches in past. These efforts have been compiled in different reviews but most of them treated friction, wear mechanics, and acoustic noise separately. However, an in-depth review that provides a critical analysis on their interdependencies is still missing. In this review paper, the interdependencies of friction, wear, and noise are analysed in the mechanical contacts at asperitical level. The origin of frictional noise, its dependencies on contact’s mechanical properties, and its performance under different wear conditions are critically reviewed. A discussion on the existing mathematical models of friction and wear is also provided in the last section that leads to uncover the gap in the existing literature. This review concludes that still a comprehensive analytical modelling approach is required to relate the interdependencies of friction, noise, and wear with mathematical expressions.
On Thresholds for Dynamic Strength in Solids
Authors: Bourne N. K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe limits of elastic behaviour change with the nature of the impulse applied to a target and the size of volume interrogated by a measurement, since it is the pre-existing defects sampled within its rise that determine the response observed. This review considers a range of solids of different material classes and tracks the development of the strength of the material during shock loading, from yield at the Hugoniot elastic limit, across the weak shock regime, to its transition to strong shock behaviour. It is shown that at this stress, the weak shock limit (WSL), the shear component of the applied stress exceeds the theoretical strength of the material. Beyond this threshold, there are a number of new responses that confirm a transition from an inhomogeneous to a homogeneous state. Further, whilst strength rises across the weak shock regime, it saturates at the WSL. For instance, failure in shocked glasses transitions from localised fracture initiated at target boundaries to a global failure at this threshold at the theoretical strength. Sapphire′s strength asymptotes to the theoretical strength of the strongest direction in its lattice. Finally, the fourth-power dependence of strain rate upon stress appears to be a consequence of the homogeneous flow in the strong shock regime. This review suggests that µ/2π is a good approximation for the unrelaxed theoretical strength of solids at increasing stresses beyond the WSL. The methodology unfolded here represents a new means to experimentally determine the ultimate shear strength of solids.
Cathode Design for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells in Automotive Applications
Authors: Wang Haojie , Wang Ruiqing , Sui Sheng , Sun Tai , Yan Yichang , Du Shangfeng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAn advanced cathode design can improve the power performance and durability of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), thus reducing the stack cost of fuel cell vehicles (FCVs). Recent studies on highly active Pt alloy catalysts, short-side-chain polyfluorinated sulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomer and 3D-ordered electrodes have imparted PEMFCs with boosted power density. To achieve the compacted stack target of 6 kW/L or above for the wide commercialization of FCVs, developing available cathodes for high-power-density operation is critical for the PEMFC. However, current
developments still remain extremely challenging with respect to highly active and stable catalysts in practical operation, controlled distribution of ionomer on the catalyst surface for reducing catalyst poisoning and oxygen penetration losses and 3D (three-dimensional)-ordered catalyst layers with low Knudsen diffusion losses of oxygen molecular. This review paper focuses on impacts of the cathode development on automotive fuel cell systems and concludes design directions to provide the greatest benefit.
Repositioned Drugs for COVID-19—the Impact on Multiple Organs
Authors: Chan Christina , Foster Sean T. , Chan Kayla G. , Cacace Matthew J. , Ladd Shay L. , Sandum Caleb T. , Wright Paul T. , Volmert Brett , Yang Weiyang , Aguirre Aitor , Li Wen , Wright Neil T. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis review summarizes published findings of the beneficial and harmful effects on the heart, lungs, immune system, kidney, liver, and central nervous system of 47 drugs that have been proposed to treat COVID-19. Many of the repurposed drugs were chosen for their benefits to the pulmonary system, as well as immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects. However, these drugs have mixed effects on the heart, liver, kidney, and central nervous system. Drug treatments are critical in the fight against COVID-19, along with vaccines and public health protocols. Drug treatments are particularly needed as variants of the SARS-Cov-2 virus emerge with some mutations that could diminish the efficacy of the vaccines. Patients with comorbidities are more likely to require hospitalization and greater interventions. The combination of treating severe COVID-19 symptoms in the presence of comorbidities underscores the importance of understanding the effects of potential COVID-19 treatments on other organs.