bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation analysis on temperature rise during arch dam construction period
Authors: Li Guo , Wang Yajun , Tan Yaosheng , Liu Chunfeng , Pei Lei , Song Liangfeng , Yu Hu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
During the construction of a high arch dam, the concrete will have a certain temperature rise after being cooled by the external environment and the concrete’s own hydration. As a high arch dam concrete temperature control stage, the temperature change generated outside the control, the impact on the actual project needs to be analyzed in conjunction with the specific project. This article focuses on the temperature rise phenomenon of an arch dam under construction in China, and analyzes the impact of the temperature rise phenomenon during the current arch dam construction period on the arch dam through monitoring data research and finite element simulation. The results show:(1)The arch dam has obvious temperature rise during the temperature control stage, which mainly occurs when the temperature rises after the cooling temperature is lower than the target temperature of the stage and after the large flow of water is stopped in the temperature control stage, and there is a short-term rise The phenomenon of 3 °C;(2)According to the inversion results of the monitoring of the arch dam, there is a certain safety margin for the concrete stress level of the corresponding parts before and after the temperature rise phenomenon;(3)The temperature rise phenomenon can be controlled at the temperature. During the control period, the tensile stress level of the concrete is prevented from further increasing when the concrete strength is low.
Synthesis of Fe-based Nanoparticles by Tea Polyphenols and Their Removal of Hexavalent Chromium
Authors: Xinxing Xia , Wei Luo , Longtao Wang , Shimi Li 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Tea polyphenols were used to synthesize Fe-based nanoparticles (TP-Fe NPs) and remove hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in an aqueous solution. The results demonstrated that 0.92 was the optimal mass ratio of tea polyphenols and FeCl3, and the addition of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a stabilizer significantly improved the stability of Fe nanoparticle suspension, which can be maintained stable for 60 h. Both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that the sizes of the synthesized Fe nanoparticles, namely, FeO, FeOOH, Fe2O3, and organic matter such as quinone range from 50 to 120 nm. TP-Fe NPs effectively remove Cr(VI) in an aqueous solution by reduction and adsorption, and the removal rate surpasses 99.5%. Because of its low cost and high reduction efficiency, TP-Fe NPs has broad application prospects for remediating Cr-contaminated soil and groundwater.
Resource Utilization of Waste Mud -- Preparation and Properties of Foamed Concrete
Authors: Du Changlin , Peng Minggang , Li Zhiwen , Ren Lizhi , Duan Jingchuan , Zhou Shixi , He Mingxing , Zhang Yutong , Wang Min 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The compressed and dehydrated mud was made into filter cake, and then fly ash, silica fume and cement were added to it to prepare foamed concrete with sodium α-olefin sulfonate as foaming agent. By analysing the changing characteristics of the compressive strength, apparent density, water absorption and microstructure of the foam concrete, the key mechanism of making the foam concrete was analysed in depth. The results show that mud filter cake can improve the comprehensive performance of foamed concrete. The best mix ratio is 20% of mud filter cake, 50% of cement addition, 20% of fly ash, 10% of silica fume, 0.55 of water cement ratio and 55% of foam volume. The compressive strength of foam concrete is 1.6MPa and the apparent density is 660.26kg/m3. The water absorption rate is 23.73%, which accords with China Construction Industry Standard JG / T266-2011. Proper addition of mud filter cake can improve the pore structure and cementing material matrix of foamed concrete, and enhance the strength of foamed concrete. However, too much addition will produce connected pores and cracks, and reduce compressive strength. The results can provide theoretical basis and technical reference for mud resource utilization.
Arch dam temperature control curve adjustment and its impact
Authors: Wu Janming , Tan Yaosheng , Liu Chunfeng , Pei Lei , Wang Yajun , Hu Yu , Zhou Danna 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
With the improvement of intelligent temperature control technology, the “three phases and nine stages” temperature control curve used in the casting of extra-high arch dams also needs to be adjusted according to project requirements. In Baihetan Hydropower Station, the design is 120 days to reach the arch sealing temperature, but in the actual construction sometimes need to shorten or extend the length of time through the water, resulting in the arch dam concrete stress changes, so that the arch dam temperature control anti-cracking increased the difficulty. In this paper, we designed 90 days and 150 days to reach the arch sealing temperature through simulation calculation, and compared it with the standard working conditions. The results found that: shortening or extending the arch sealing temperature by 30 days brings less stress changes to the arch dam concrete, and the arch dam as a whole is in a safe range, and the temperature control curve can be reasonably adjusted according to the actual needs of the project.
Numerical Calculation and Analysis of Hydraulics about Inlet/Outlet Based on CFD
Authors: Wu Du , Yang Fei , Yu Xuesong , Li Gaohui , Zhao Ruicun , Sun Hongliang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Pumped storage power station inlet/outlet is two-way flow, the reservoir water level changes frequently during the operation of the power station. Hydraulic conditions in inlet/outlet area are complex. Inflow conditions are prone to inhalation vortices at low water levels. Outflow conditions are prone to reverse negative flow velocity, which can cause the trash rack to oscillate. Therefore, it is very important to design the the type of build inlet and outlet properly.
Proteomic analysis of the effects of low salinity stress on liver of Naked carp (Gymnocyprinus przewalskii)
Authors: Qu Jiangqi , Yang Jianxin , Qi Hongfang , Chen Li , Zhang Qingjing 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Naked carp is only distributed widely in Lake Qinghai. A unique feature of this species is its resistance to high salinity, which enables it to survive and adapt to the extreme environment of Lake Qinghai. Since Naked carp is an endangered species, we considered increasing its resources by reproduction and domestication measures in low salinity ponds. To investigate the molecular biological mechanism of the effects of low salinity stress on the liver of the cultured Naked carp, TMT markers combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (TMT-LC-MS/MS) were used to compare and analyze the difference in the expression of liver tissue protein between the cultured population (JH) and wild population (QH) in this study. Proteomic analysis results showed that 107 differential proteins were significantly expressed, and 102 of them were up-regulated. Functional and pathway enrichment analysis results found those differential proteins participate in molecular functions such as pyruvate kinase activity, alkali metal ion binding and potassium ion binding, and various biological processes of energy metabolism including glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism. Differential proteins were mainly concentrated in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, retinol metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and steroid biosynthesis and lipid metabolism pathways.
Comprehensive evaluation of transmission network planning scheme for large scale new energy integration
Authors: Lu Yu , Shi Shengyao , Guo Yunfeng , Yang Jingying , Liu Peng , She Xin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The demand of large-scale new energy grid connection and transmission promotes the development of transmission network. In order to improve the accuracy of power grid planning scheme evaluation and select a better power grid planning scheme, a power grid planning scheme evaluation and optimization method based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is proposed. Firstly, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to establish the evaluation index system of power grid planning scheme, and the weight of each index is determined. Then, the evaluation index is taken as the input of entropy weight TOPSIS, and the relative paste progress C

i

+ of each scheme and positive ideal, and select the scheme with the largest paste progress as the most appropriate scheme. The results of case analysis show that the method can reasonably determine the weight of evaluation index, accurately evaluate the power grid planning scheme, and provide a scientific basis for the selection of power grid planning scheme.
Power System Planning and Thinking base on China’s “Carbon peak and carbon neutrality” Policy
Authors: Haishan Ke , Huawei He , Jing Ming , Yang Shen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
China’s “dual-carbon” goal of “carbon peak and carbon neutrality” proposed in 2020 is a historical opportunity to promote the world’s technological revolution. The key to constructing a new power system lies in the diversified development and integration of power supply entities, substantially increasing the proportion of non-fossil energy utilization, building a smart and strong power grid and playing the role of a resource dispatch platform, strengthening technological research and forming a positive cycle of industry, education, research and application. It’s supposed to construct a carbon market system and mechanism for industry upgrading and elimination, while taking into account the issues of efficiency and fairness in the development process.
Study on Type Selection and Head Layout of Zhangzhou Long Crossing Tower
Authors: Xin Ye , Jingfeng Guo , Chengwu Wang , Yinhe Lin , Ming Xie , Xinxin Song 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
By comparing the schemes of combined angle steel and steel tube tower, the tower type of Zhangzhou long crossing tower was optimized, and through different tower head layout, the tower head types of long crossing tower and anchor tower were compared from the technical and economic aspects, in order to provide a certain practical significance for the design and application of long crossing tower.
Sintering behavior and mechanism of tungsten powders prepared by solution combustion synthesis combined with hydrogen reduction
Authors: Zhang Tianhao , Chen Pengqi , Yang Wen , Zhang Xiaodong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Nanosized tungsten powders were fabricated by solution combustion synthesis combined with hydrogen reduction. The powder had a size of 20 nm but possessed a large numbers of lattice defects. The fracture surface images at different temperatures show that the as-synthesized tungsten powder could be sintered via a pressureless process to relative density up to 95.78% at 1773 K. Kinetic analysis suggests that grain-boundary diffusion is one of the primary mechanisms of mass transport during the intermediate stage of sintering. The sintering properties are attributed to the ultrafine grain and the high sintering activation caused by the effect of the solution combustion synthesis method. It reveals in detail that the as-synthesized tungsten powder has a lower sintering activation energy compared to commercial nanosized tungsten powder, with a measured hardness of 633 HV.
Nanoparticles influence the herbicide diuron mediated toxicity on marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis: single and mixture exposure study
Authors: Bouzidi Imen , Sellami Badreddine , Mezni Amine , Hedfi Amor , Almalki Mohammed , Pacioglu Octvian , Boufahja Fehmi , Mougin Karine , Beyrem Hamouda 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The exposure of habitats to the herbicide diuron, one of the most effective and highly used antifouling agents worldwide, leads to serious environmental toxicity, mainly for marine invertebrates. Moreover, nanoparticles (NPs) act as carriers of organic pollutants in marine ecosystems, thereby influencing their bioaccumulation and toxicity in exposed organisms. This study aimed to investigate the individual and combined toxicity of diuron and two NPs (ZnO NPs and TiO2 NPs) at sub-lethal doses on the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis.
Conflict of Interest in Research and Publication: Has the Pendulum Swung Too Far?
Authors: Glicksman Caroline 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTraditionally scientists and industry have collaborated to contribute to the development of new drugs, biologics, and medical devices. Conflicts of interest (COI) may develop among surgeons and academic researchers, especially during the process of refinement of techniques and the marketing and sale of devices. Dramatic examples of COI occurred over the last 50 years, leading to strict regulations designed to reduce COI at research institutions. The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors created COI guidelines to help authors and editors ensure clear, reproducible, and unbiased medical articles. The Physician Payments Sunshine Act was designed to increase transparency of financial relationships between physicians and industry. However, in some cases authors and scientists are not obligated to fully disclose their COI. Only direct payments are required to be reported, not indirect payments to faculty at large academic institutions, allowing some to take advantage of the exceptions to the disclosure requirements whereas others must disclose payment for their work effort. Based on prominent scandals, regulations aimed at reducing industry influence in research and publication may fail to recognize the potential benefits of collaboration and produce a narrow-minded view of trust. Where should an editorial board or an academic institution draw the line?
O12 Artificial intelligence-based risk prediction for death after emergency laparotomy using multi slice contrast enhanced computerised tomography
Authors: Rahman S , Body S , Ligthart M , May-Miller P , Pucher P , Curtis N , West M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Emergency laparotomy has a considerable mortality risk, with more than one in ten patients not surviving to discharge. Preoperative risk prediction using clinical tools is well established, however implemented variably. Preoperative CT is undertaken almost universally and contains granular data beyond diagnostics, including body composition, disease severity and other abstract features with the potential to enhance risk prediction. In this study we established the value of features extracted in an automated fashion from pre-operative CT in predicting 90-day post-surgery mortality.

Method
Anonymised CTs were collated from patients undergoing emergency laparotomy at ten hospitals in Southern England (2016–2017). For each case, axial portal venous abdominal/pelvic series were analysed using a pre-trained neural network, with each image converted into a matrix of numerical features. An elastic-net regression model to predict 90-day mortality was trained using these features and evaluated by bootstrapping with 1000 resampled datasets.

Result
A total of 136,709 images from 274 cases were available for analysis with a mean of 503 per case. Mortality within 90 days occurred in 34 cases (12.4%) with an average NELA mortality prediction of 8.5%. On internal (bootstrap) validation, the elastic net model derived from CT yielded excellent performance (AUC 0.903 95%CI 0.897–0.909), significantly in excess of the NELA risk calculator (AUC 0.809 95%CI 0.736–0.875), with a broader prediction range (0.01%-89.71%).

Conclusion
Artificial intelligence techniques applied to routinely performed cross-sectional imaging predicts emergency laparotomy mortality with greater accuracy than clinical data alone. Integration of these automated tools may be possible in the future.

Take-home Message
Automated analysis of CT can accurately predict risk of mortality after emergency laparotomy.
O16 Development of risk calculators for hand osteoarthritis and invasive treatment
Authors: Shah Karishma , Arden Nigel K , Silman Alan , Collins Gary S , Furniss Dominic 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Aim
Develop a prediction model for incident radiographic IPJ osteoarthritis when multiple clinical risk factors are present.

Methods
This study used secondary analysis from the Chingford 1000 Women Study, a prospective cohort of women aged 45 to 64 years. At baseline, anthropometric, clinical, and lifestyle measured had been collected. Hand radiographs had been taken at baseline and 10 years, read using the Kellgren-Lawrence atlas. For the current study, participants with osteoarthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence ≥2) in any IPJ at baseline were excluded. Risk factors were selected from baseline based on biological plausibility, a published systematic review, and a Delphi study of Hand Surgeons. Incident osteoarthritis was diagnosed at 10 years if ≥ 1 IPJ was Kellgren-Lawrence ≥2. The model was built with logistic regression and elastic net penalisation, and performance assessed through discrimination (c-statistic) and calibration (c-slope). Complete case analysis was used.

Results
Of 1,003 participants, 459 participants were included in this study (median age: 51 years, 202 (44%) with IPJ osteoarthritis at follow-up). Manual occupation (P &lt; 0.01), base of thumb osteoarthritis (P &lt; 0.03), and older age (using a 3-knot spline) were the most important risk factors. C-statistic was 0.67 (0.62 to 0.72) and C-slope was 1.00 (0.68 to 1.34).

Conclusions
Osteoarthritis at the base of thumb and IPJs might be a continuum of the same disease. Knowledge of these modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors can inform prevention strategies.
O19 The effect of malnutrition on early outcomes after elective cancer surgery: an international prospective cohort study in 82 countries
Authors: Riad Aya M , Knight Stephen R , Ewen M ,   Harrison on behalf of GlobalSurg Collaborative
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Malnutrition is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the impact of nutritional state on cancer surgery across income strata remains poorly described. This study aimed to determine the effect of malnutrition on early postoperative outcomes following elective surgery for colorectal or gastric cancer.

Method
Multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive patients undergoing elective surgery for colorectal or gastric cancer. Malnutrition was defined using the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression and three-way mediation analysis determined the relationship between country income group, nutritional status and early postoperative outcomes.

Result
This study included 5709 patients (4593 colorectal; 1116 gastric) from 381 hospitals in 75 countries. Severe malnutrition was present in one third of patients, with a disproportionate burden in upper middle (44%) and low/lower-middle income countries (64%). After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, severe malnutrition (aOR 1.62, 95% confidence interval 1.07 to 2.48; P = 0.024) was an independent predictor of 30-day mortality. However, major postoperative complications and surgical site infection rates were similar.

Conclusion
Severe malnutrition represents a high global burden in cancer surgery, particularly within low-income settings. Malnutrition is an independent risk-factor for 30-day mortality following elective surgery for colorectal or gastric cancer, suggesting perioperative nutritional interventions may improve early outcomes following cancer surgery.

Take-home Message
Severe malnutrition affects a large proportion of elective surgical oncology patients, with a significantly higher burden in low and middle income countries. Severe malnutrition is independently associated with increased 30-day mortality after cancer surgery.
O20 Quick, simple and just as effective—comparing pm: L3 ratio to NELA, P-POSSUM and NSQIP scores in assessing mortality risk for emergency laparotomy
Authors: Ming J Y , Holmes M , Pockney P , Gani J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Multiple tools (NELA, P-POSSUM, ACS-NSQIP) are available to assess mortality risks in patients requiring emergency laparotomy(1–3), but they are time-consuming to perform and have had limited uptake in routine clinical practice in many countries(4). Simpler measures, including psoas muscle: L3 vertebrae (PM: L3) ratio(5,6), may be useful alternates. This measure is quick to perform, requiring no special skills or equipment apart from basic CT viewing software.

Method
We performed an analysis on all patients in the Hunter Emergency Laparotomy Audit (HELA) database, from January 2016 to December 2017. HELA is a retrospective review of all emergency laparotomy undertaken in a discrete area in NSW, Australia. Patients with an available CT abdomen were included (N = 500/562). A single slice axial CT image at the L3 endplate level was analysed using ImageJ® software to measure the area of L3 and bilateral psoas muscles. This can be done using normal PACS software in routine practice.

Result
PM: L3 ratios in this cohort have a mean of 1.082 (95%CI 1.042–1.122; range 0.141–3.934). PM: L3 ratio is significantly lower (P &lt; 0.00001) in those patients who did not survive beyond 30 days (mean 0.865 [95% CI 0.746–0.984]) and 90 days (mean 0.888 [95%CI 0.768–1.008]) compared to patients that survived these periods (30 day mean 1.106 [95% vs. 1.033–1.179], 90 day mean 1.112 [95% CI 1.070–1.154]). These associations are similar to those calculated by established risk assessment models.

Conclusion
PM: L3 ratio is a reliable, quick and easy risk assessment tool to identify high risk patients undergoing emergency laparotomy.

Take-home Message
PM: L3 ratio is a reliable, quick and easy risk assessment tool to identify high risk patients undergoing emergency laparotomy. It is comparable to NELA, P-POSSUM and ACS-NSQIP.