bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promoting Justice Across Borders
Authors: Rafanelli Lucia M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This book develops a theory of the ethics of “reform intervention,” a category that includes any attempt to promote justice in a society other than one’s own. It identifies several dimensions along which reform interventions can vary (the degree of control interveners exercise over recipients, the urgency of interveners’ objectives, the costs an intervention poses to recipients, and how interveners interact with recipients’ existing political institutions) and examines how these variations affect the moral permissibility of reform intervention. The book argues that, once one acknowledges the variety of forms reform intervention can take, it becomes clear that not all of them are vulnerable to the objections usually leveled against intervention. In particular, not all reform interventions treat recipients with intolerance, disrespect recipients’ legitimate institutions, or undermine recipients’ collective self-determination. Combining philosophical analysis and discussion of several real-world cases, the book investigates which kinds of reform intervention are or are not vulnerable to these objections. In so doing, it also develops new understandings of the roles toleration, legitimacy, and collective self-determination should play in global politics. After developing principles to specify when different kinds of reform interventions are morally permissible, the book investigates how these principles could be applied in the real world. Ultimately, it argues that some reform interventions are, all things considered, morally permissible and that sometimes reform intervention is morally required. It argues we should reconceive the ordinary boundaries of political activity and begin to see the pursuit of justice via political contestation as humanity’s collective project.
Beyond Interdisciplinarity
Authors: Klein Julie Thompson 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Beyond Interdisciplinarity examines the broadening meaning, heterogeneity, and boundary work of interdisciplinarity. It includes both crossdisciplinary work (encompassing multi-, inter-, and trans-disciplinary forms) as well as cross-sector work (spanning disciplines, fields, professions, government and industry, and communities in the North and South). Part I defines boundary work, discourses of interdisciplinarity, and the nature of interdisciplinary fields and interdisciplines. Part II examines dynamics of working across boundaries, including communicating, collaborating, and learning in research projects and programs, with a closing chapter on failing and succeeding along with gateways to literature and other resources. The conceptual framework is based on an ecology of spatializing practices in transaction spaces, including trading zones and communities of practice. Boundary objects, boundary agents, and boundary organizations play a vital role in brokering differences for platforming change in contexts ranging from small projects to new fields to international initiatives. Translation, interlanguage, and a communication boundary space are vital to achieving intersubjectivity and collective identity, fostering not only pragmatics of negotiation and integration but also reflexivity, transactivity, and co-production of knowledge with stakeholders beyond the academy. Rhetorics of holism and synthesis compete with instrumentalities of problem solving and innovation as well as transgressive critique. Yet typical warrants today include complexity, contextualization, collaboration, and socially robust knowledge. The book also emphasizes the roles of contextualization and historical change while accounting for the shifting relationship of disciplinarity and interdisciplinarity, the ascendancy of transdisciplinarity, and intersections with other constructs, including Mode 2 knowledge production, convergence, team science, and postdisciplinarity.
Develop Your Lay-Level Research Communication Strategy
Authors: Meredith Dennis 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter covers the practical steps to creating a communication strategy to enhance your research and your career. Developing a strategy for communicating to lay audiences is important for successfully reaching those audiences. That strategy involves first protecting scientific publication against premature public release of scientific data and conclusions. A strategy also involves giving a comprehensive, coherent view of one’s research, sharing one’s research process, and fitting into the institution’s mission. Finding popular “hooks” for communication, or vivid metaphors familiar to people in their everyday lives, will engage your audience and greatly help communicate your work. A successful strategy also entails coordinating with funding agencies and becoming an expert resource for the media.
The Essential News Release
Authors: Meredith Dennis 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The news release is the basic unit of your research communications. There are many types of news releases, each with its own use, and they may target different audiences. These include the hard news release, the feature release, the backgrounder, the personal profile, the Q&A, the news tip, the media alert, the grant/gift announcement, and the award announcement. News releases have many uses beyond attracting media coverage. These include as ammunition for the funding agency, internal communication, an investment for future use, background material, a statement of record, a Web alert for fellow researchers, a record of stewardship of public funds, education for the public, and family news.
Craft Releases That Tell Your Research Story
Authors: Meredith Dennis 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Many editorial elements are necessary for an effective news release. They include a clear, compelling headline, a “nut graf” that tells the significance of the news, a news peg that is the reason for the release, and an inverted pyramid structure. The news release should feature concise explanations, caveats about the findings, and credit to participants and funding sources. Quotes should reflect how people really talk, and hype and subjective statements should be avoided. Technical terms should be explained, and comparative measurements to well-known quantities should be included. Also valuable are vivid metaphors, analogies, and descriptions. The release should include a clear conflict-of-interest statement. Quality images, animations, and videos can make the difference between a news release being used or not.
Produce Effective Research Photography
Authors: Meredith Dennis 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In working with a photographer, researchers should understand who will control the resulting images. Hiring a photographer means understanding the characteristics of a competent photographer. Such a photographer asks the right questions to understand the purpose of the images, brings the right equipment, and seeks to create accurate images. In hiring a photographer, the researcher should understand how to protect their photo rights, how to prepare for the shoot, how to “art-direct” the shoot, how to manage the review process for images, and how to judge whether an image is appropriate for the Web. Also important is understanding the ethics of altering images, how to create engaging portraits, and making the most of a studio shoot. Researchers should consider embedding a photographer in their field research, to obtain both professional and lay-level images. Online image galleries and 360-degree panoramas are useful ways to display images.
Write Popular Articles, Op-Eds, and Essays
Authors: Meredith Dennis 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
For researchers used to technical communication, writing lay-level articles requires a commitment to learning a different way of writing. This new approach includes becoming a storyteller, not an “authority,” and understanding the editorial process. This process includes how to market articles, how to pitch editors, and how to cope with editing. Op-eds can be highly useful as outlets for researchers, but they have specific length, content, and marketing requirements that must be observed. Feature articles also have particular requirements in terms of understanding the needs of readers, and being organized to grab and hold them. Lay-level articles can best engage readers by using the writing techniques of fiction. Effective lay-level writing also means “murdering your children”—being willing to ruthlessly edit out content that loses the reader. Authors can also make their articles more engaging by providing artwork, animations, video, and audio.
Become a Public Educator
Authors: Meredith Dennis 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Even though your prime duty is to your research, becoming a public educator can serve both one’s research and the information needs of the public. It also serves your field as a whole. Public education can mean teaching a science appreciation course, giving public lectures, registering with the institution’s speakers bureau, and advising the media on science and technology. Working with local schools, mentoring young people, and helping science centers create exhibits are also productive activities and bring professional benefits. These activities teach valuable communication skills, meet the Broader Impacts Criterion of federal grants, highlight one’s own department and institution, and bring you visibility.
Meet Journalists’ Needs
Authors: Meredith Dennis 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter describes the steps researchers can take to lay the groundwork for positive, long-term relationships with journalists. To work productively with journalists, researchers should be willing and able to talk to them, give them a full story, clear bureaucratic roadblocks, take communication training, and become a credible source. It is important to make communication a two-way street. Thus, researchers should also give feedback on stories through emails, letters to the editor, or online comments. Journalists also like to have relevant story ideas pitched to them, to be involved in research projects, and to be given workshops on subjects they cover.
Make the Interview Work for You
Authors: Meredith Dennis 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In conducting the interview, researchers should decide who will participate; while journalists generally do not like having a public information officer (PIO) sit in, institutional policy might require it. A PIO can, in fact, contribute to an interview’s success, for example, by bringing up points otherwise missed. The researcher should also understand how or whether to go off the record. Strategies for being interviewed include understanding the journalist’s level of understanding and the nature of their medium. Interviews should avoid technical terms and equations; they should also repeat key points, avoid hype, explain controversies fairly, and make conflicts of interest clear. The researcher can manage questions to avoid pitfalls and improve the outcome of the interview. The researcher should be prepared to supply additional information. A scientist’s style can also be important in an interview—for example, relating personal stories and being enthusiastic and even humorous. Follow-up can include an email to the journalists emphasizing important points, or those neglected. Radio and TV interviews involve special preparation, given they are audio and visual media; news conferences also require a special strategy.
Protect Yourself from Communication Traps
Authors: Meredith Dennis 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
For all the benefits of communicating research, there are also pitfalls. A researcher might be misquoted or accused of hogging the credit or hiding corporate ties. They might also find themselves swamped in the tidal wave of a hyperstory that feeds on itself ad infinitum. Or, the researcher might have to decide whether to tiptoe through a delicate story. All these exigencies require preparation and planning, which can be especially productive when done with a public information officer. Researchers should monitor their reputation on social media and take steps to avoid being misquoted or misinterpreted. They should also make sure they know when they are on the record when talking to journalists, to give proper credit to collaborators, and to publicly go against institutional policy. They should disclose corporate ties. In the case of a controversy or crisis, scientists should work with their public information officer to create effective communications.
Introduction
Authors: Dufallo Basil 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The Introduction first defines the book’s understanding of “becoming lost” and identifies some Latin words that assist in isolating the motif in Republican verse (error/errare, vagus/vagari, etc.). It then turns to the fragmentary Latin poets before Plautus in whose work the theme occurs, namely, Livius Andronicus and Naevius, to show that one can trace the poetic figuration of becoming lost in the geographical regions of Roman power back to the earliest surviving Latin verse and the earliest moments of Roman overseas expansion. Next, in place of the usual chapter-by-chapter summary, the introduction outlines a series of precedents in Greek myth and literature, as well as in actual lived experience, for the poetic narratives that the individual chapters treat in more detail. Finally, the chapter lays out the modern theoretical assumptions with which the whole book is in dialogue. For the terms “disorientation,” “queerness,” and indeed the phrase “getting lost,” the whole book is indebted above all to Sarah Ahmed’s Queer Phenomenology: Orientations, Objects, Others. For Ahmed, queerness is an effect of disorientation understood in terms of empire, as empire bears upon the construction of sexuality and other aspects of identity. Ahmed’s work, in turn, draws upon a strain of postcolonial theory that has become important (and contested) within historical, archaeological, and literary Roman-empire studies since the turn of the twenty-first century. The Introduction thus concludes by articulating pertinent connections between Ahmed, postcolonial theory, and the scholarship on Rome.
The Politics of Commodification
Authors: Hermann Christoph 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Even though commodification is a quasi-natural tendency of capitalist economies, the extent of commodification can vary over time, depending, among other things, on government intervention. In the last three decades, neoliberal reforms have fueled (re-)commodification. This chapter looks at six major policies: privatization, liberalization, deregulation, marketization, New Public Management, and austerity. Privatization promotes commodification by abolishing non-commodified alternatives to the sale of goods and services. Liberalization fuels commodification by exposing producers to competition and by forcing them to make profits. Deregulation eliminates restrictions that in one way or another limit commodification. Marketization creates markets in economic and social spheres where no markets have existed before, while New Public Management promotes metric output measurements that closely resemble what, in the private economy, are market values. Austerity and related cuts in welfare expenditure drive re-commodification by making citizens more dependent on markets and on private alternatives to the welfare state.
Corruption in the Built Environment
Authors: Lagunes Paul 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter provides context. It stresses the harm caused by corruption in the built environment, while also briefly taking the pulse of corruption in Latin America and highlighting the vulnerability of local bureaucracies to this kind of corruption. This chapter summarizes three case studies of alleged corruption in Mexico City’s construction sector, thus uncovering the dubious tactics used by some developers. As is argued here, cities like Mexico City need not wait for major institutional reforms in order begin to control corruption in construction. Anticorruption audits can prove useful, especially if they are applied to the most sensitive bureaucratic processes.
Introduction
Authors: Schlarb Damien B. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter explains the book’s central arguments, provides background, and theorizes its approach to literature. It shows how Old Testament wisdom philosophy informs Melville’s response to the manifold crises of modernity, specifically the loss of religious certainty and biblical authority. It explicates the book’s argument that Melville’s response can help us understand the dynamics at play in this crisis by providing historical and contextual background: first, it inscribes Melville into a transnational theological conversation about biblical interpretation that lasts from the early eighteenth to the mid-nineteenth century; second, it outlines the American reception of new analytical methods such as higher criticism, surveys America’s intellectual infrastructure, and discusses how romantic literature fills the interpretive lacuna left by theological scholarship. Finally, it defines “wisdom” and “religious skepticism” and explains its approach to literary criticism as informed by a hermeneutic theory of contemplation (theology) and by postsecular as well as postcritical approaches (literary studies).
Divine Justice and Sublime Suffering
Authors: Schlarb Damien B. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter shows how Melville draws on the book of Job to discuss issues of divine justice and human suffering. It argues that Melville uses the language and themes of Job to evaluate divine jurisprudence from the vantage point of the human plaintiff, celebrating human perseverance and indicting the arbitrariness of divinely mandated suffering. After sketching out the book of Job’s textual history, the chapter discusses in turn Mardi, Moby-Dick, “Bartleby, the Scrivener,” and The Encantadas on these grounds, detailing how Melville uses typology and intertextual reference to examine the Bible and to apply his findings to comment on natural, social, and cultural phenomena. It concludes that Melville sees the book of Job as a story not of defiance and repentance but of the learning and growth that occur in precisely the moment when one’s preconceptions and expectations of reality are shattered.
Solidarity and the Common Good
Authors: Jennings Bruce 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter offers an account of individual rights and agency, and it considers both the liberal dimension and the communitarian dimension of public health ethics. It examines the relationship between social justice and social epidemiology and offers a particular interpretation of social justice as being crucially informed by a relational ethics of mutuality and solidarity. It provides a study premised on the hypothesis that relational theorizing and conceptualization developed in ecological epidemiology has its analogue in ethics. The chapter discusses how relational theorizing in both ethics and epidemiology can provide a promising pathway to a critical public health ethics. It considers the philosophy of epidemiology and the constitutive concepts guiding relational or social theorizing in the field.
Ethical Issues in Genetic Epidemiology
Authors: Beskow Laura M. , Fullerton Stephanie M , Burke Wylie 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter reviews the breakthrough discovery of the complete sequence of human DNA in 2003, which rapidly ushered in an era of genomics and big data. It discusses “precision medicine,” which refers to the notion of accounting for individual variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle to devise new ways to prevent, detect, diagnose, and treat health conditions. It also describes “precision public health” as the related effort to use individual variability to more finely tailor preventive interventions for at-risk groups and improve population health. The chapter addresses scientific questions about the roles of genes, environmental, gene–gene, and gene–environment interactions in human health through the rigorous study of genotypic, phenotypic, and environmental data in human populations. It tackles the genomic contributions to health and disease, such as the assessment of whether diseases and gene variants show correlated transmission among related individuals.
Conflicts of Interest
Authors: Ricciardi Walter , Petrini Carlo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter defines the term “conflicts of interest,” which encompasses a wide spectrum of behaviors or actions potentially involving personal gain or financial interest. It explains that conflicts of interest are defined as circumstances that create a risk that professional judgments or actions regarding a primary interest will be unduly influenced by a secondary interest. It also distinguishes between institutional and individual conflicts of interest, noting that the former is usually only of a financial nature, while individual conflicts of interest may also be non-financial. The chapter discusses how several eminent institutions have addressed conflicts of interest, some of whom have issued guidelines containing practical recommendations for handling both real and potential conflicts. It mentions the World Medical Association's statement that addresses the particular situation of a physician who both works in a clinical setting and engages in research, and reiterates the fundamental criterion that the well-being of the patient overrides all other interests.
Ecoimmunology
Authors: Henschen Amberleigh E. , Adelman James S. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Avian immune systems are multifaceted and vary widely among individuals, populations, and species, all of which will affect the dynamics of infectious diseases in the wild. Historically, ecoimmunology sought to uncover the proximate and ultimate drivers of heterogeneity in immune defenses. More recently, the field has begun to interface with disease ecology, asking not only about the causes of immune variation but also about its links to within- and between-host disease processes. This chapter briefly reviews the complexity of avian immune systems, outlines theories of how and why these defenses vary, and provides an overview of both common and novel techniques in ecoimmunology. Subsequent sections highlight two research questions as critical to the synergy between ecoimmunology and disease ecology: (1) How do immune phenotypes predict individual infection outcomes? and (2) How do within-host measures of immunity inform population-level transmission dynamics?
Behavior Shapes Infectious Disease Dynamics in Birds
Authors: Townsend Andrea K. , Hawley Dana M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Parasites both affect and are affected by the behavior of birds. Moreover, specific avian behaviors can either suppress or augment parasite spread, depending on context and parasite transmission mode. The chapter focuses on major categories of behavior important for the key steps of the parasite transmission process: first, the likelihood of exposure to parasites; second, host susceptibility to infection and degree of infectiousness reached once exposed; and third, the likelihood of spreading infection to other hosts or vectors. The chapter begins by discussing behaviors that birds use to minimize exposure to parasites (e.g., preening and other ‘antiparasite’ behaviors) and the immediate effects of infection on behavior (e.g., lethargy and other ‘sickness’ behaviors). The focus then truns to foraging and movement, which are specific behaviors that both can increase exposure to parasites and are altered by infection. Finally, the chapter considers how a suite of behaviors including social interactions, individual personality, and mating behaviors can affect and are affected by parasites in ways relevant to all three steps of the parasite transmission process. Throughout, the chapter highlights and integrates areas in which recent advances have been made or for which more data are sorely needed in avian systems, emphasizing directions for future research at the intersection of avian behavior and infectious disease ecology.