bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-efficacy in Breastfeeding Predicts How Mothers Perceive Their Preterm Infant’s State-Regulation
Authors: Rosenblad Andreas Karlsson , Funkquist Eva-Lotta 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Mothers of preterm infants often perceive the infant as having problems with crying, sleeping and feeding, sometimes summarised as ‘state-regulation’. Breastfeeding rates are lower among preterm infants, and the mother’s self-efficacy in breastfeeding is central to understanding which mothers are going to breastfeed their infants. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the late preterm infant’s mother’s self-efficacy in breastfeeding was associated with how the mother experienced her infant’s state-regulation at three months of corrected age.Methods: The study had a prospective and longitudinal design with a consecutive data collection through questionnaires. Results: The analyses showed that being an older mother, perceiving breastfeeding support, and having a higher breastfeeding self-efficacy were all significantly associated with identifying the infant as having better state-regulation. Conclusion: There was an association between mothers’ self-efficacy in breastfeeding and her perceptions of how good state-regulation the infant had. This is an important finding, as self-efficacy is a manageable factor that could positively affect how the mother perceives taking care of her infant.Clinical implication: Health care professionals should target mother’s self-efficacy in breastfeeding to improve mother-infant relationship.
Resonance Y-shape Solitons and Mixed Solutions for a (2+1)-dimensional Generalized Caudrey-Dodd-Gibbon-Kotera-Sawada Equation in Fluid Mechanics
Authors: ma hongcai , Yue Shupan , Deng Aiping 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Under the well-known bilinear method of Hirota, the specific expression for N-soliton solutions of (2+1)-dimensional generalized Caudrey-Dodd-Gibbon-Kotera-Sawada(gCDGKS) equation in fluid mechanics is given. By defining a noval restrictive condition on N-soliton solutions, resonant Y-type and X-type soliton solutions are generated. Under the previous new constraints, combined with the velocity resonance method and module resonant method, the mixed solutions of resonant Y-type solitons and line waves, breather solutions are found. Finally, with the support of long wave limit method, the interaction between resonant Ytype solitons and higher-order lumps is shown, and the motion trajectory equation before and after the interaction between lumps and resonant Y-type solitons is derived.
Pan-cancer survey and evaluation of the oncogenic role of NF-κB1
Authors: Huang Lihong , zheng ruoling , Gong Huasong , Qiao Yongchao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Although emerging cells or animals based evidence supports an association between nuclear factor kappa-B1 (NF-κB1) cells and cancers, there has no pan-cancer analysis. Therefore, based on TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) and GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) data sets, we first studied the potential carcinogenic effect of NF-κB1 in 33 tumors. As we not only found high expression of NF-κB1 in most tumors, but also found that NF-κB1 expression is closely related to the prognosis of tumor patients. Enhanced phosphorylation of S893 was observed in several tumors, such as breast cancer, uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma or lung adenocarcinoma. In thymoma, NF-κB1 expression was relevant to CD8+ T-cell infiltration levels, and tumor-associated fibroblast infiltration has also seen in other tumors, such as uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma or glioblastoma multiforme. In addition, the functional mechanism of NF-κB1 also involves the related functions of protein processing and RNA metabolism. In this study, NF-κB1 was pan-cancer study in order to have a systematic and comprehensive understanding of the carcinogenic effect of NF-κB1 in different tumors.
Effect of Prior Antibiotic or Chemotherapy Treatment on Immunotherapy Response in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Nyein Andrew F. , Bari Shahla , Hogue Stephanie , Zhao Yayi , Maller Bradley , Sha Sybil , Gomez Maria F. , Rollison Dana E. , Robinson Lary A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background Treatment outcomes of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have substantially improved with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), although only approximately 19% of patients respond to immunotherapy alone, increasing to 58% with the addition of chemotherapy. The gut microbiome has been recognized as a modulator of ICI response via its priming effect on the host immune response. Antibiotics as well as chemotherapy reduce gut microbial diversity, hence altering composition and function of the gut microbiome. Since the gut microbiome may modify ICI efficacy, we conducted a retrospective study evaluating the effects of prior antibiotic or chemotherapy use on NSCLC patient response to ICI.Methods We retrospectively evaluated 256 NSCLC patients treated between 2011-2017 at Moffitt Cancer Center with ICI ± chemotherapy, examining the associations between prior antibiotic or chemotherapy use, overall response rate and survival. Relative risk regression using a log-link with combinatorial expectation maximization algorithm was performed to analyze differences in response between patients treated with antibiotics or chemotherapy versus patients who didn’t receive antibiotics or chemotherapy. Cox proportional hazards models were constructed to evaluate associations between risk factors and overall survival. Results Only 46 (18% of 256) patients used antibiotics prior to and/or during ICI treatment, and 146 (57%) had prior chemotherapy. Antibiotic users were 8% more likely to have worse overall response rate (RR:1.08; CI:0.93-1.26; p=0.321), as well as a 35% worse overall survival (HR:1.35; CI:0.91-2.02; p=0.145), although results were not statistically significant. However, prior use of chemotherapy was significantly associated with poor ICI response (RR:1.24; CI:1.05-1.47; p=0.013) and worse overall survival (HR:1.47; CI:1.07-2.03; p=0.018). Conclusions Patients receiving antibiotics prior to and/or during ICI therapy might experience worse treatment outcomes and survival than unexposed patients, although these associations were not statistically significant and hence warrant further prospective study. Prior chemotherapy significantly reduced ICI response and overall survival. Antibiotic or chemotherapy exposure may negatively impact ICI response, perhaps through disruption of the eubiotic gut microbiome.
Thorough Statistical Analyses of Breast Cancer Co-Methylation Patterns
Authors: Sun Shuying , Dammann Jael , Lai Pierce , Tian Christine 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers. It is associated with DNA methylation, an epigenetic event with a methyl group added to a cytosine paired with a guanine, i.e., a CG site. The methylation levels of different genes in a genome are correlated in certain ways that affect gene functions. This correlation pattern is known as co-methylation. It is still not clear how different genes co-methylate in the whole genome of breast cancer samples. Previous studies are conducted using relatively small datasets (Illumina 27K data). In this study, we analyze much larger datasets (Illumina 450K data). Results: Our key findings are summarized below. First, normal samples have more highly correlated, or co-methylated, CG pairs than tumor samples. Both tumor and normal have more than 93% of positive co-methylation, but normal samples have significantly more negatively correlated CG sites than tumor samples (6.6% vs. 2.8%). Second, both tumor and normal samples have about 94% of co-methylated CG pairs on different chromosomes, but normal samples have 470 million more CG pairs. Highly co-methylated pairs on the same chromosome tend to be close to each other. Third, a small proportion of CG sites’ co-methylation patterns change dramatically from normal to tumor. The percentage of differentially methylated (DM) sites among them is larger than the overall DM rate. Fourth, certain CG sites are highly correlated with many CG sites; the top 100 of such super-connector CG sites in tumor and normal samples have no overlaps. Fifth, both highly changing sites and super-connector sites’ locations are significantly different from the genome-wide CG sites’ locations. Sixth, chromosome X co-methylation patterns are very different from other chromosomes. Finally, the network analyses of genes associated with several sets of co-methylated CG sites identified above show that tumor and normal samples have different patterns. Conclusions: Our findings will provide researchers with a new understanding of co-methylation patterns in breast cancer. Our ability to thoroughly analyze co-methylation of large datasets will allow researchers to study relationships and associations between different genes in breast cancer.
Pupillary Response to Chromatic Light Stimuli as a Biomarker at the Early Stage of Glaucoma
Authors: López Carla Arévalo , Román Samuel Madariaga , Plaza Ivan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Glaucoma is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease of the optic nerve currently considered a severe health problem because of its high prevalence, being the primary cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The most common type corresponds to Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG). Glaucoma produces, among other alterations, a progressive loss of Retinal Ganglion Cells (RGC) and its axons, key to generate the action potential that reaches the visual cortex to create the visual image. It indicates a Visual Field (VF) loss whose main feature is to be painless, and this makes early detection difficult, causing a late diagnosis and delaying a timely treatment indication that slows down its progression. Intrinsically photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells (ipRGCs), which represent a subgroup of RGCs being sensitive to damage, are characterized by reacting to short-wave light stimulation close to 480 nm and among their non-visual function, the role in the generation of the pupillary reflex stands out. Currently, the sensitivity of clinical trials correlates to RGC damage, however the need for an early damage biomarker is still relevant. It is an urgent task to create new diagnostic approaches to detect an early stage of glaucoma in a prompt, quick, and economical manner. We suggest evaluating the pupillary response to chromatic light as a potential biomarker of disease, its diagnostic benefit, and its cost-effectiveness in clinical practice to reduce irreversible damage caused by glaucoma.
Prevalence And Risk Factors of Electrocardiogram Abnormalities In Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Machine Learning Study With Follow-Up Data
Authors: Hu Zuoyu , Hu Zhuoran , Guo Xinghua , Weng Weizhen , Chen Ye , Pan Yunfeng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities could predict some subsequent cardiovascular events. Cardiac involvement is a major extra-articular manifestation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We aimed to determine the prevalence of three major ECG abnormalities in RA patients, discover the associated ECG abnormalities associated with machine learning (ML) approaches, and then examine these preselected factors in the follow-up patients with traditional Cox regression. METHODS: Consecutive RA patients’ records were retrieved from the hospital database; about one-third of patients had follow-up data. Abnormal ECGs with clinical significance were grouped into non-specific ST-segment/T-wave changes, QT interval prolongation, and QRS-T angle increase. Machine learning approaches assessed the associated factors of these abnormalities. The top-important factors selected by the most optimal ML would be used to construct Cox regression models. RESULTS: Two hundred twenty-six patients were enrolled for the first step cross-sectional study. Non-specific ST-T changes (27%) were the most prevalent abnormalities among patients with abnormal ECGs. Random forest models had the best performance in the discovery of associated factors for three outcomes. Cox regression validated that rheumatoid factor and low-density lipoprotein were common risk factors within those three abnormalities. Hypertension, ESR, and serum immunoglobulin G were influential factors for non-specific ST-T changes, prolonged QT interval, and increased QRS-T angle specifically. CONCLUSION: Non-specific ST-T changes were the most common abnormalities seen in ECGs of RA patients. Our finding suggests that rheumatoid factor, LDL, hypertension, and inflammatory indicators are important risk factors for these ECG abnormalities.
Reliability analysis of complex water distribution systems: the role of the network connectivity and tanks
Authors: Berardi L. , Laucelli D. , Ciliberti F. , Bruaset S. , Raspati G. , Selseth I. , Ugarelli R. , Giustolisi O. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A reliable water distribution network (WDN) can provide an adequate supply service to customers under both normal and abnormal working conditions. The WDN reliability analysis, therefore, is a keystone to improve the supply service efficiency. Strategies for reliability analysis are usually proved on small WDNs, which do not compare with large real complex systems in terms of number of water tanks, pressure reduction valves, variable speed pumps, controlled devices and possible alternative water supply schemes. The topological changes due to pipeline interruptions impact on emptying–filling of water tanks and network pressure status. This work proposes a two-level procedure for mechanical reliability assessment, suited for large real WDNs. It leverages a path/connectivity-based approach to set up reliability indicators for global-level analysis and local screening of the most critical scenarios. The employed advanced hydraulic model includes the automatic detection of topological changes and the robust modelling of water level in tanks using the generalized global gradient algorithm. The extended period simulation enables the reliability assessment of alternative water supply schemes and the sensitivity of tanks and controlled devices to single failure events. The procedure is demonstrated on a real complex network, being consistent with the ongoing digital transition in the WDN management sector.
How Hurricane Katrina influenced the design of hurricane protection and risk reduction systems and national approaches to risk and resilience. Part 2: Designing the Hurricane and Storm Damage Risk Reduction System and resulting long-term engineering guidance and practice changes
Authors: Link Lewis E. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Following Hurricane Katrina, the US Army Corps of Engineers, supported in part by the risk and reliability analysis conducted by the Interagency Performance Evaluation Task Force (IPET), made a major shift from ‘protection’ to ‘risk reduction’ as the principal goal in flood mitigation. The mitigation of the flood risk in Southeast Louisiana was embodied in the design and construction of the ‘Hurricane and Storm Damage Risk Reduction System’, the post-Katrina initiative for New Orleans flood mitigation. It also spawned a major overhaul of many of the Corps of Engineers’ technical guidance and engineering practice documents, incorporating risk as a key measure in the planning and design processes. The criteria applied for the design of the HSDRRS are discussed, with summaries of the associated major changes in Corps engineering guidance and practice relevant to flood mitigation.
Synthesis, Characterization, Antiproliferative Activity of Galloyl Derivatives
and Investigation of Cytotoxic Properties in HepG2/C3A Cells
Authors: Oliveira Rodrigo Juliano , Formagio Anelise Samara Nazari , dos Santos Rafael Claudino , de Freitas Raquel Oliveira Nascimento , Foglio Mary Ann , de Carvalho João Ernesto , Ruiz Ana Lucia Tasca Góes , Pessatto Lucas Roberto , Baranoski Adrivanio , Biazi Bruna Isabela , Mantovani Mário Sérgio , Kassuya Candida Aparecida Leite , de Oliveira Junior Pedro Cruz 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Appropriate substituents in the galloyl group could lead to significant biological properties.

Objective:
Novel galloyl-substituted compounds bearing 2-substituted-1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 5-substituted-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl, and carboxamide groups were synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity. Additionally, galloyl hydrazide (2) was evaluated by performing cytotoxicity, membrane integrity, cell cycle, and apoptosis assays in HepG2/C3A cells.

Methods:
General procedure was used for the synthesis of galloyl-substituted (3-9, 11) and characterized by their spectroscopic data (1H and 13C NMR). The antiproliferative activity of all novel galloyl derivatives was evaluated against nine human tumors and one nontumoral cell line. Three response parameters (GI50, TGI, and LC50) were calculated. The cytotoxicity test was performed for the resazurin assay. The membrane integrity, cell cycle, and apoptosis assays were performed by flow cytometry.

Results:
The substitution of the methoxy group of the galloyl ring system for a carboxamide group (3, 4, 5, and 6) produced compounds with moderate antitumoral activity, particularly 6, against six human cancer cell lines, K-562, PC-3, NCI-ADR/RES, OVCAR, 786-0 and NCI-H460, with GI50 values ≤ 9.45 μg/mL. Triazole derivatives 7 and 8 exhibited higher antitumoral activity toward OVCAR, MCF-7 and leukemia K-562 cell lines, exhibiting GI50 values less than 10 μg/mL. Compound 11 displayed significant activity against PC-3 (GI50 = 4.31 μg/mL), OVCAR (GI50 = 8.84 μg/mL) and K-562 (GI50 = 8.80 μg/mL) cell lines. Galloyl hydrazide (2) had cytotoxic activity in HepG2/C3A cells (IC50 = 153.7 μg/mL). In membrane permeability, cell count, cell cycle, and apoptosis assays, as determined using the IC50 of compound (2) in HepG2/C3A cells, increased membrane permeability, decreased cell count, altered cell cycle, and initial apoptosis was observed compared to the control group.

Conclusion:
Thus, our results showed for the first time the synthesis, antiproliferative activity, and cytotoxicity of galloyl-substituted compounds. Galloyl-substitution does not have a very strong synergistic effect in the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation compared with galloyl hydrazide (2). Compound 2 demonstrated promising activity in HepG2/C3A hepatocarcinoma cells.
Electrochemical DNA Biosensor Based on Platinum-gold Bimetal Decorated
Graphene Modified Electrode for the Detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Specific tlh Gene Sequence
Authors: Yan Lijun , Shi Fan , Zhang Jingyao , Niu Yanyan , Huang Lifang , Huang Yuhao , Sun Wei 
Published: December 2021

Background:
By using bimetal nanocomposite modified electrode, the electrochemical
DNA biosensor showed the advantages of high sensitivity, low cost, rapid response and convenient
operation, which was applied for disease diagnosis, food safety, and biological monitoring.

Objective:
A nanocomposite consisting of platinum (Pt)-gold (Au) bimetal and two-dimensional
graphene (GR) was synthesized by hydrothermal method, which was modified on the surface of
carbon ionic liquid electrode and further used for the immobilization of probe ssDNA related to
Vibrio parahaemolyticus tlh gene to construct an electrochemical DNA sensor.

Method:
Potassium ferricyanide was selected as electrochemical indicator, cyclic voltammetry was
used to study the electrochemical behaviours of different modified electrodes and differential pulse
voltammetry was employed to test the analytical performance of this biosensor for the detection of
target gene sequence.

Results:
This electrochemical DNA biosensor could detect the Vibrio parahaemolyticus tlh gene
sequence as the linear concentration in the range from 1.0×10-13 mol L-1 to 1.0×10-6 mol L-1 with
the detection limit as 2.91×10-14 mol L-1 (3σ).

Conclusion:
This proposed electrochemical DNA biosensor could be used to identify the special
gene sequence with good selectivity, low detection limit and wide detection range.
Analytical Techniques for the Analysis of Lopinavir and Ritonavir in
Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Biological Matrices: A Review
Authors: Amir Mohammad , Narula Puneet , Bano Farzana 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Lopinavir and Ritonavir are protease inhibitor type of anti-retroviral
drugs. Both are used for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. This paper reviews many analytical methods
for the analysis of LPV and RTV in pharmaceutical formulations (tablet, capsule, syrup, and bulk)
and biological fluids (human plasma, serum, cerebrospinal fluid, rat plasma, and human hair).

Objective:
The study aims to summarize various analytical techniques, such as chromatography
and spectrophotometry, and also hyphenated techniques, such as LC-MS/MS and UPLC-MS, for
the analysis of Lopinavir and Ritonavir.

Method:
The review deals with comprehensive details regarding the type of various analytical
techniques, such as spectroscopy (UV), chromatography (RP-HPLC, HPTLC, UPLC), and hyphenated
techniques, i.e., LC-MS/MS and UPLC-MS, for the analysis of lopinavir and ritonavir.
These techniques are either explored for the quantification and detection of metabolite or for stability
studies of the LPV and RTV.

Conclusion:
The studies presented revealed that the HPLC technique along with spectroscopy
have been most widely used for the analysis. Out of the developed methods, hyphenated UPLCMS
and LC-MS are very sensitive and help in the easy estimation of drugs compared to other
techniques. This review may provide comprehensive details to the researchers working in the area
of analytical research of LPV and RTV.