bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postapproval Comparative Safety Study of Tofacitinib and Biological Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs: 5‐Year Results from a United States–Based Rheumatoid Arthritis Registry
Authors: Kremer Joel M. , Bingham Clifton O. , Cappelli Laura C. , Greenberg Jeffrey D. , Madsen Ann M. , Geier Jamie , Rivas Jose L. , Onofrei Alina M. , Barr Christine J. , Pappas Dimitrios A. , Litman Heather J. , Dandreo Kimberly J. , Shapiro Andrea B. , Connell Carol A. , Kavanaugh Arthur 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveTofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We compared 5‐year adverse event (AE) incidence rates (IRs) between patients initiating tofacitinib and those initiating new biological disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) within the United States (US) Corrona RA registry.MethodsIRs (number of first events/100 patient‐years) of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), serious infection events (SIEs), herpes zoster (HZ), malignancies, and death were estimated among tofacitinib and bDMARD initiators, regardless of dose/schedule, between November 6, 2012 (US Food and Drug Administration tofacitinib approval), and July 31, 2018 (follow‐up through January 31, 2019). Propensity score (PS) methods were used to control for nonrandom prescribing practices. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated to compare rates using multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression. Different risk windows were used for acute (MACE, SIEs, HZ, and venous thromboembolic events [VTEs]) and long‐term (malignancy and death) events. VTEs were assessed descriptively.ResultsFor MACE, SIEs, and HZ, 1999 (3152.1 patient‐years) and 8358 (12 869.4 years) tofacitinib and bDMARD initiators were included, respectively; for malignancy/death, 1999 (4505.6 patient‐years) and 6354 (16 670.8 patient‐years) initiators were included, respectively. AE rates were similar across cohorts, except for HZ, which was significantly higher with tofacitinib versus bDMARDs (PS‐trimmed adjusted HR 2.32; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.43‐3.75). There were 45 (zero serious) and 88 (five serious) HZ events with tofacitinib and bDMARDs, respectively. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated similar results. VTE IRs (95% CI) were 0.29 (0.13‐0.54) and 0.33 (0.24‐0.45) for tofacitinib and bDMARDs, respectively.ConclusionIn this registry analysis, both cohorts had similar MACE, SIE, malignancy, death, and VTE rates; HZ rates were higher for tofacitinib initaitors than for bDMARD initiators.
Coupled Effect of Electronic Medical Record Modifications and Lean Six Sigma Methodology on Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity Measurement and Treat‐to‐Target Outcomes
Authors: Bajaj Puneet , Kollipara Usha , Koganti Rama , Wang Dan (Claire) , Chennu Navreet , Bhat Deepa , Mutz Jacqueline , Willett Duwayne , Fish Jason , Karp David 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveRheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity assessment is critical for treatment decisions and treat to target (T2T) outcomes. Utilization of the electronic medical record (EMR) and techniques to improve the routine capture of disease activity measures in clinical practice are not well described. We leveraged a Lean Six Sigma (LSS) approach, a data‐driven five‐step process improvement and problem‐solving methodology, coupled with EMR modifications to evaluate improvement in disease activity documentation and patient outcomes.MethodsA RA registry was established, and structured fields for Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data (RAPID3) and Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) were built in the EMR, along with a dashboard to display provider performance rates. An initial rapid‐cycle improvement intervention was launched, and subsequent LSS improvement cycles helped in standardization of clinic workflow, modifying provider behaviors, and motivating better documentation practices. Trends related to CDAI score categories were compared over time using run charts.ResultsOur project included 1322 patients with RA and 10 241 encounters between April 2016 and December 2019. Initially, RAPID3 completion rates increased from 16% to 50%, and CDAI from 15% to 44% from the RCI intervention. Post LSS intervention, the RAPID3 rate increased to more than 90% (sustained at 85%), and CDAI rate increased to more than 80% (sustained at 72%). The patients in the low disease/remission category increased from 54% to 66% (p < 0.001), and those in the high disease category decreased from 15% to 7% (p < 0.001), demonstrating improved T2T outcomes.ConclusionCombining EMR modifications with systems redesign utilizing LSS approach led to impressive and sustained improvement in disease activity documentation and T2T outcomes.
Low‐Cost Regulating Lithium Deposition Behaviors by Transition Metal Oxide Coating on Separator
Authors: Yan Jun , Liu Feng‐Quan , Gao Jian , Zhou Weidong , Huo Hong , Zhou Jian‐Jun , Li Lin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe application of lithium metal anode, despite being of the highest capacity, is hindered by low Coulombic efficiency (CE) and serious lithium dendrites formation. A strategy of transition metal oxides (TMOs) particles coated porous polypropylene (PP) separator is developed to regulate lithium deposition behaviors through in situ forming artificial solid electrolyte interface (SEI) passivating layers. By virtue of quite low solubilities of TMOs in the electrolyte, the concentration of TMOs in the electrolyte can be maintained at a constant and the dissolved TMOs can be reduced to produce Li2O and Mn particles, which not only function as lithium nucleating seeds but are also involved in the formation of the SEI layer. The sustainably existed trace of TMOs ensures the artificial SEI layer can be re‐healed once damaged by the volume expansion of lithium. With the help of one typical TMO of MnO coating on PP, an interesting dendrite‐free dual layer Li deposition is observed, which significantly improves the CE of Li||Cu cells and cycling life of Li||Li cells. Using MnO coated PP, ultra‐thin lithium films are deposited on copper foils with an in situ constructed SEI passivating layer, which exhibits a much improved cycling performance in liquid ether electrolyte and even better performance in gel polymer electrolyte.
Highly Boosted Reaction Kinetics in Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction by Surface‐Introduced Electronegative Dopants
Authors: Zheng Wanzhen , Wang Yu , Shuai Ling , Wang Xinyue , He Feng , Lei Chaojun , Li Zhongjian , Yang Bin , Lei Lecheng , Yuan Chris , Qiu Ming , Hou Yang , Feng Xinliang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEffectively improving the selectivity while reducing the overpotential over the electroreduction of CO2 (CO2ER) has been challenging. Herein, electronegative N atoms and coordinatively unsaturated NiN3 moieties co‐anchored carbon nanofiber (NiN3NCNFs) catalyst via an integrated electrospinning and carbonization strategy are reported. The catalyst exhibits a maximum CO Faradaic efficiency (F.E.) of 96.6%, an onset potential of −0.3 V, and a low Tafel slope of 71 mV dec−1 along with high stability over 100 h. Aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy identify the atomically dispersed NiN3 sites with Ni atom bonded by three pyridinic N atoms. The existence of abundant electronegative N dopants adjoin the NiN3 centers in NiN3NCNFs. Theoretical calculations reveal that both, the undercoordinated NiN3 centers and their first neighboring C atoms modified by extra N dopants, display the positive effect on boosting CO2 adsorption and water dissociation processes, thus accelerating the CO2ER kinetics process. Furthermore, a designed ZnCO2 battery with the cathode of NiN3NCNFs delivers a maximum power density of 1.05 mW cm−2 and CO F.E. of 96% during the discharge process, thus providing a promising approach to electric energy output and chemical conversion.
Haptic Perception, Mechanics, and Material Technologies for Virtual Reality
Authors: Biswas Shantonu , Visell Yon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEmerging virtual and augmented reality technologies can transform human activities in myriad domains, lending tangible, embodied form to digital data, services, and information. Haptic technologies will play a critical role in enabling human to touch and interact with the contents of these virtual environments. The immense variety of skilled manual tasks that humans perform in real environments are only possible through the coordination of touch sensation, perception, and movement that together comprise the haptic modality. Consequently, many research groups are vigorously investigating haptic technologies for virtual reality. A longstanding research goal in this area has been to create haptic interfaces that allow their users to touch and feel plausibly realistic virtual objects. In this progress report, the perspective on this unresolved research challenge is shared, guided by the observation that no technologies can even approximately match the capabilities of the human sense of touch. Factors that have it challenging to engineer haptic technologies for virtual reality, including the extraordinary spatial and temporal tactile acuity of the skin, and the complex interplay between continuum mechanics, haptic perception, and interaction are identified. The perspective on how these challenges may be overcome through convergent research on haptic perception, mechanics, electronics, and material technologies is presented.
Pulse Dynamics of Flexural Waves in Transformed Plates
Authors: Tang Kun , Xu Chenni , Guenneau Sébastien , Sebbah Patrick 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCoordinate‐transformation‐inspired optical devices have been mostly examined in the continuous‐wave regime: the performance of an invisibility cloak, which has been demonstrated for monochromatic excitation, is likely to deteriorate for short pulses. Here, pulse dynamics of flexural waves propagating in transformed plates is investigated. A practical realization of a waveshifter and a rotator for flexural waves based on the coordinate transformation method is proposed. Time‐resolved measurements reveal how the waveshifter deviates a short pulse from its initial trajectory, with no reflection at the bend and no spatial and temporal distortion of the pulse. Extending the strategy to cylindrical coordinates, a wave rotator is designed. It is demonstrated experimentally how a pulsed plane wave is twisted inside the rotator, while its wavefront is recovered behind the rotator and the pulse shape is preserved, with no extra time delay. The realization of the dynamical mirage effect is proposed, where an obstacle appears oriented in a deceptive direction.
3D Printing and Nanotechnology: A Multiscale Alliance in Personalized Medicine
Authors: dos Santos Juliana , de Oliveira Rafaela S. , de Oliveira Thayse V. , Velho Maiara C. , Konrad Martina V. , da Silva Guilherme S. , Deon Monique , Beck Ruy C. R. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract3D printing and nanotechnology have been two important tools in the development of therapeutic approaches for personalized medicine. More recently, their alliance has been improved in an effort to build innovative, versatile, multifunctional, and/or smart medical and pharmaceutical products. Therefore, an extensive review about scientific studies that ally 3D printing and nanomaterials in the development of new approaches for pharmaceutical and medical applications for the treatment and prevention of diseases is presented here. The articles are classified into five categories according to their main application: Cell growth and tissue engineering, antimicrobial, drug delivery, stimulus‐response, and theranostics. Semisolid extrusion, inorganic nanoparticles, and cell growth and tissue engineering are the most reported 3D printing technique, type of nanomaterial, and application, respectively. The increase in papers dedicated to these areas is also notable, especially in the 2019 and 2020, when semisolid extrusion became the most used technique, overcoming fused deposition modelling. In fact, this review highlights that the possibility of an alliance between 3D printing and nanotechnology for the production of multiscale materials is undoubtedly a great opportunity for knowledge and innovation in the pharmaceutical and medical area.
Flexible High‐Performance and Solution‐Processed Organic Photovoltaics with Robust Mechanical Stability
Authors: Sun Yanna , Meng Lingxian , Wan Xiangjian , Guo Ziqi , Ke Xin , Sun Zhenhe , Zhao Kai , Zhang Hongtao , Li Chenxi , Chen Yongsheng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAmong the various advantages of organic photovoltaics (OPVs), the key one is their ability to be a highly flexible renewable energy source. However, the power conversion efficiencies for flexible OPV devices still lag behind those of their rigid counterparts, and their mechanical stability cannot meet the requirements for practical applications at present. These, in particular, depend on flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs). Here, a high‐quality FTE (called FlexAgNE), with the simultaneously combined excellent characteristics, has been tested with a series of efficient active materials for flexible OPV devices, and high performance comparable with rigid counterparts has been achieved. In addition, due to the synergistic effect of FlexAgNE and the upper ZnO transport layer, including strong binding between the polyethylene terephthalate substrate and a hydrophilic polyelectrolyte (the key component of FlexAgNE), together with the capillary force effect of crossed silver nanowires and tight filling of ZnO, the flexible devices demonstrate robust mechanical stability even under extreme bending or folding conditions.
Metal Halide Perovskites for Laser Applications
Authors: Lei Lei , Dong Qi , Gundogdu Kenan , So Franky 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMetal halide perovskites have drawn tremendous attention in optoelectronic applications owing to the rapid development in photovoltaic and light‐emitting diode devices. More recently, these materials are demonstrated as excellent gain media for laser applications due to their large absorption coefficient, low defect density, high charge carrier mobility, long carrier diffusion length, high photoluminescence quantum yield, and low Auger recombination rate. Despite the great progress in laser applications, the development of perovskite lasers is still in its infancy and the realization of electrically pumped lasers has not yet been demonstrated. To accelerate the development of perovskite‐based lasers, it is important to understand the fundamental photophysical characteristics of perovskite gain materials. Here, the structure and gain behavior in various perovskite materials are discussed. Then, the effects of charge carrier dynamics and electron–phonon interaction on population inversion in different types of perovskite materials are analyzed. Further, recent advances in perovskite‐based lasers are also highlighted. Finally, a perspective on perovskite material design is presented and the remaining challenges of perovskite lasers are discussed.
Graphene Enabled Low‐Noise Surface Chemistry for Multiplexed Sepsis Biomarker Detection in Whole Blood
Authors: Zupančič Uroš , Jolly Pawan , Estrela Pedro , Moschou Despina , Ingber Donald E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAffinity‐based electrochemical (EC) sensors offer a potentially valuable approach for point‐of‐care (POC) diagnostics applications, and for the detection of diseases, such as sepsis, that require simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers, but their development has been hampered due to biological fouling and EC noise. Here, an EC sensor platform that enables detection of multiple sepsis biomarkers simultaneously by incorporating a nanocomposite coating composed of crosslinked bovine serum albumin containing a network of reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles that prevents biofouling while maintaining electroconductivity is described. Using nanocomposite coated planar gold electrodes, a sensitive procalcitonin (PCT) sensor is constructed and validated in undiluted serum, which produced an excellent correlation with a conventional ELISA (adjusted r2 = 0.95) using clinical samples. A single multiplexed platform containing sensors for three different sepsis biomarkers—PCT, C‐reactive protein, and pathogen‐associated molecular patterns—is also developed, which exhibits specific responses within the clinically significant range without any cross‐reactivity. This platform enables sensitive simultaneous EC detection of multiple analytes in human whole blood, and it can be applied to detect any target analyte with an appropriate antibody pair. Thus, this nanocomposite‐enabled EC sensor platform may offer a potentially valuable tool for development of a wide range of clinical POC diagnostics.
Emerging Opportunities for 2D Semiconductor/Ferroelectric Transistor‐Structure Devices
Authors: Luo Zheng‐Dong , Yang Ming‐Min , Liu Yang , Alexe Marin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSemiconductor technology, which is rapidly evolving, is poised to enter a new era for which revolutionary innovations are needed to address fundamental limitations on material and working principle level. 2D semiconductors inherently holding novel properties at the atomic limit show great promise to tackle challenges imposed by traditional bulk semiconductor materials. Synergistic combination of 2D semiconductors with functional ferroelectrics further offers new working principles, and is expected to deliver massively enhanced device performance for existing complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technologies and add unprecedented applications for next‐generation electronics. Herein, recent demonstrations of novel device concepts based on 2D semiconductor/ferroelectric heterostructures are critically reviewed covering their working mechanisms, device construction, applications, and challenges. In particular, emerging opportunities of CMOS‐process‐compatible 2D semiconductor/ferroelectric transistor structure devices for the development of a rich variety of applications are discussed, including beyond‐Boltzmann transistors, nonvolatile memories, neuromorphic devices, and reconfigurable nanodevices such as p–n homojunctions and self‐powered photodetectors. It is concluded that 2D semiconductor/ferroelectric heterostructures, as an emergent heterogeneous platform, could drive many more exciting innovations for modern electronics, beyond the capability of ubiquitous silicon systems.
A Mechanically Robust and Versatile Liquid‐Free Ionic Conductive Elastomer
Authors: Yiming Burebi , Han Ying , Han Zilong , Zhang Xinning , Li Yang , Lian Weizhen , Zhang Mingqi , Yin Jun , Sun Taolin , Wu Ziliang , Li Tiefeng , Fu Jianzhong , Jia Zheng , Qu Shaoxing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSoft ionic conductors, such as hydrogels and ionogels, have enabled stretchable and transparent ionotronics, but they suffer from key limitations inherent to the liquid components, which may leak and evaporate. Here, novel liquid‐free ionic conductive elastomers (ICE) that are copolymer networks hosting lithium cations and associated anions via lithium bonds and hydrogen bonds are demonstrated, such that they are intrinsically immune from leakage and evaporation. The ICEs show extraordinary mechanical versatility including excellent stretchability, high strength and toughness, self‐healing, quick self‐recovery, and 3D‐printability. More intriguingly, the ICEs can defeat the conflict of strength versus toughness—a compromise well recognized in mechanics and material science—and simultaneously overcome the conflict between ionic conductivity and mechanical properties, which is common for ionogels. Several liquid‐free ionotronics based on the ICE are further developed, including resistive force sensors, multifunctional ionic skins, and triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), which are not subject to limitations of previous gel‐based devices, such as leakage, evaporation, and weak hydrogel–elastomer interfaces. Also, the 3D printability of the ICEs is demonstrated by printing a series of structures with fine features. The findings offer promise for a variety of ionotronics requiring environmental stability and durability.
Operando Magnetometry Probing the Charge Storage Mechanism of CoO Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Hongsen , Hu Zhengqiang , Xia Qingtao , Zhang Hao , Li Zhaohui , Wang Huaizhi , Li Xiangkun , Zuo Fengkai , Zhang Fengling , Wang Xiaoxiong , Ye Wanneng , Li Qinghao , Long Yunze , Li Qiang , Yan Shishen , Liu Xiaosong , Zhang Xiaogang , Yu Guihua , Miao Guo‐Xing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCobalt oxide (CoO) is a promising electrode for high‐energy‐density Li‐ion batteries (LIBs), where the charge storage is believed to take place solely during the electrochemical oxidation/reduction processes. However, this simple picture has been increasingly challenged by reported anomalously large storage capacities, indicating the existence of undiscovered extra charge reservoirs inside the system. Here, an advanced operando magnetometry technology is employed to monitor the magnetization variation of the CoO LIBs in real time and, in this particular system, it is clearly demonstrated that the anomalous capacity is associated with both the reversible formation of a spin capacitor and the growth of a polymeric film at low voltages. Furthermore, operando magnetometry provides direct evidence of the catalytic role of metallic Co in assisting the polymeric film formation. These critical findings help pave the way for better understanding of the charge storage mechanisms of transition‐metal oxides and further utilizing them to design novel electrode materials.
Electrolyte Design for In Situ Construction of Highly Zn2+‐Conductive Solid Electrolyte Interphase to Enable High‐Performance Aqueous Zn‐Ion Batteries under Practical Conditions
Authors: Zeng Xiaohui , Mao Jianfeng , Hao Junnan , Liu Jiatu , Liu Sailin , Wang Zhijie , Wang Yanyan , Zhang Shilin , Zheng Tian , Liu Jianwen , Rao Pinhua , Guo Zaiping 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRechargeable aqueous Zn‐ion batteries promise high capacity, low cost, high safety, and sustainability for large‐scale energy storage. The Zn metal anode, however, suffers from the dendrite growth and side reactions that are mainly due to the absence of an appropriate solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. Herein, the in situ formation of a dense, stable, and highly Zn2+‐conductive SEI layer (hopeite) in aqueous Zn chemistry is demonstrated, by introducing Zn(H2PO4)2 salt into the electrolyte. The hopeite SEI (≈140 nm thickness) enables uniform and rapid Zn‐ion transport kinetics for dendrite‐free Zn deposition, and restrains the side reactions via isolating active Zn from the bulk electrolyte. Under practical testing conditions with an ultrathin Zn anode (10 µm), a low negative/positive capacity ratio (≈2.3), and a lean electrolyte (9 µL mAh−1), the Zn/V2O5 full cell retains 94.4% of its original capacity after 500 cycles. This work provides a simple yet practical solution to high‐performance aqueous battery technology via building in situ SEI layers.