bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional repressor Gal80 recruits corepressor complex Cyc8–Tup1 to structural genes of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAL regulon
Authors: Lettow Julia , Aref Rasha , Schüller Hans-Joachim 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUnder non-inducing conditions (absence of galactose), yeast structural genes of the GAL regulon are repressed by Gal80, preventing interaction of Gal4 bound to UASGAL promoter motifs with general factors of the transcriptional machinery. In this work, we show that Gal80 is also able to interact with histone deacetylase-recruiting corepressor proteins Cyc8 and Tup1, indicating an additional mechanism of gene repression. This is supported by our demonstration that a lexA–Gal80 fusion efficiently mediates repression of a reporter gene with an upstream lexA operator sequence. Corepressor interaction and in vivo gene repression could be mapped to a Gal80 minimal domain of 65 amino acids (aa 81-145). Site-directed mutagenesis of selected residues within this domain showed that a cluster of aromatic-hydrophobic amino acids (YLFV, aa 118-121) is important, although not solely responsible, for gene repression. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, Cyc8 and Tup1 were shown to be present at the GAL1 promoter in a wild-type strain but not in a gal80 mutant strain under non-inducing (derepressing) growth conditions. Expression of a GAL1–lacZ fusion was elevated in a tup1 mutant (but not in a cyc8 mutant) grown in derepressing medium, indicating that Tup1 may be mainly responsible for this second mechanism of Gal80-dependent gene repression.
Functional and clinical outcomes of FMRI-based neurofeedback training in patients with alcohol dependence: a pilot study
Authors: Karch Susanne , Krause Daniela , Lehnert Kevin , Konrad Julia , Haller Dinah , Rauchmann Boris-Stephan , Maywald Maximilian , Engelbregt Hessel , Adorjan Kristina , Koller Gabriele , Reidler Paul , Karali Temmuz , Tschentscher Nadja , Ertl-Wagner Birgit , Pogarell Oliver , Paolini Marco , Keeser Daniel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIdentifying treatment options for patients with alcohol dependence is challenging. This study investigates the application of real-time functional MRI (rtfMRI) neurofeedback (NF) to foster resistance towards craving-related neural activation in alcohol dependence. We report a double-blind, placebo-controlled rtfMRI study with three NF sessions using alcohol-associated cues as an add-on therapy to the standard treatment. Fifty-two patients (45 male; 7 female) diagnosed with alcohol dependence were recruited in Munich, Germany. RtfMRI data were acquired in three sessions and clinical abstinence was evaluated 3 months after the last NF session. Before the NF training, BOLD responses and clinical data did not differ between groups, apart from anger and impulsiveness. During NF training, BOLD responses of the active group were decreased in medial frontal areas/caudate nucleus, and increased, e.g. in the cuneus/precuneus and occipital cortex. Within the active group, the down-regulation of neuronal responses was more pronounced in patients who remained abstinent for at least 3 months after the intervention compared to patients with a relapse. As BOLD responses were comparable between groups before the NF training, functional variations during NF cannot be attributed to preexisting distinctions. We could not demonstrate that rtfMRI as an add-on treatment in patients with alcohol dependence leads to clinically superior abstinence for the active NF group after 3 months. However, the study provides evidence for a targeted modulation of addiction-associated brain responses in alcohol dependence using rtfMRI.
The impact of physical fitness on resilience to modern life stress and the mediating role of general self-efficacy
Authors: Neumann R. J. , Ahrens K. F. , Kollmann B. , Goldbach N. , Chmitorz A. , Weichert D. , Fiebach C. J. , Wessa M. , Kalisch R. , Lieb K. , Tüscher O. , Plichta M. M. , Reif A. , Matura S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSubstantial evidence shows that physical activity and fitness play a protective role in the development of stress related disorders. However, the beneficial effects of fitness for resilience to modern life stress are not fully understood. Potentially protective effects may be attributed to enhanced resilience via underlying psychosocial mechanisms such as self-efficacy expectations. This study investigated whether physical activity and fitness contribute to prospectively measured resilience and examined the mediating effect of general self-efficacy. 431 initially healthy adults participated in fitness assessments as part of a longitudinal-prospective study, designed to identify mechanisms of resilience. Self-efficacy and habitual activity were assessed in parallel to cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, which were determined by a submaximal step-test, hand strength and standing long jump test. Resilience was indexed by stressor reactivity: mental health problems in relation to reported life events and daily hassles, monitored quarterly for nine months. Hierarchical linear regression models and bootstrapped mediation analyses were applied. We could show that muscular and self-perceived fitness were positively associated with stress resilience. Extending this finding, the muscular fitness–resilience relationship was partly mediated by self-efficacy expectations. In this context, self-efficacy expectations may act as one underlying psychological mechanism, with complementary benefits for the promotion of mental health. While physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness did not predict resilience prospectively, we found muscular and self-perceived fitness to be significant prognostic parameters for stress resilience. Although there is still more need to identify specific fitness parameters in light of stress resilience, our study underscores the general relevance of fitness for stress-related disorders prevention.
A safe procedure? The unusual case of a fatal airway obstruction by silicone during the production process of a tracheostomal epithesis in a 13-year-old boy
Authors: Wittschieber Daniel , Schulz Ronald , Schmidt Peter F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA tracheostomal epithesis is a plastic prosthesis that serves for sealing a tracheostoma and ensuring the position of the tracheostomy tube. The production of a tracheostomal epithesis requires an impression of the tracheostoma. To this end, silicone impression material is applied by an anaplastologist in and around the tracheostomal region, including the trachea. The blocked cuff of the tracheostomy tube serves to prevent aspiration of the material. We report on a 13-year-old boy who died during this procedure because the lower airways were obstructed with cured silicone. Forensic autopsy confirmed asphyctic suffocation as cause of death. Forensic physical investigation of the tracheostomy tube and its cuff revealed no structural or functional defects. Yet, the investigation results prove that the viscous silicone must have passed the cuff. To conclude, this case report demonstrates that the production of an impression of a tracheostoma is a procedure with a potentially lethal outcome. Hence, professional guidelines, including clear safety precautions, are urgently needed.
Do overweight/obesity and low levels of leisure-time vigorous physical activity moderate the effect of occupational physical activity on self-rated health of construction workers?
Authors: Van den Berge M. , Van Oostrom S. H. , Van der Molen H. F. , Robroek S. J. W. , Hulshof C. T. J. , Van der Beek A. J. , Proper K. I. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the combined effects of occupational physical activity (OPA) and either overweight/obesity or low levels of leisure-time vigorous physical activity (LTVPA) on self-rated health.MethodsA longitudinal study was performed among 29,987 construction workers with complete data on 2 Workers’ Health Surveillance Programs during 2010–2018. Self-reported OPA involved strenuous work postures and manual material handling. Low level of LTVPA was defined as self-reported vigorous activity for less than three times per week lasting at least 20 min per session. Overweight and obesity were based on Body Mass Index (BMI) (25.0 ≤ BMI < 30.0 kg/m2and BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2, respectively) using measured body height and weight. Self-rated health was measured using a single item question. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the associations between the separate risk factors at baseline and self-rated health at follow-up. The combined effects of demanding OPA and either overweight/obesity or low level of LTVPA on self-rated health were analyzed using the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI).ResultsMean follow-up duration was 31.7 (SD = 14.9) months. Construction workers with strenuous work postures (OR 1.35 95% CI 1.25–1.46), manual material handling (OR 1.29 95% CI 1.19–1.40), obesity (OR 1.31 95% CI 1.17–1.47) and low LTVPA (OR 1.13 95% CI 1.01–1.25) were more likely to report poor self-rated health at follow-up. No statistically significant interaction effects were found for OPA and obesity or low LTVPA.ConclusionsOPA, obesity and low level of LTVPA were separate risk factors for poor self-rated health, but did not appear to have a synergistic effect.
Traumatischer Irisverlust: Implantation einer künstlichen Iris zur Wiederherstellung von Funktion und Ästhetik
Authors: Mayer Christian S. , Baur Isabella D. , Storr Julia , Khoramnia Ramin 
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel
Wir berichten über den Fall eines Patienten mit traumatischem Irisdefekt, der sich 4 Monate nach dem initialen Trauma im Rahmen eines Fahrradunfalls einer chirurgischen Irisrekonstruktion mit einer CUSTOMFLEX ArtificialIris (AI, HumanOptics AG, Erlangen, Deutschland) unterzog.

Beobachtungen
Bei der Erstvorstellung zeigte sich eine gedeckte Bulbusruptur, die notfallmäßig mittels Vorderkammerspülung, Vitrektomie, Skleranaht und C3F8 Gastamponade versorgt wurde. Nach extern durchgeführter sekundärer IOL-Implantation klagte der Patient über eine erhöhte Blendempfindlichkeit und Visusminderung am rechten Auge. Der bestkorrigierte Fernvisus betrug 1,4 logMAR für das rechte Auge und 0,10 logMAR für das linke Auge. Die klinische Untersuchung zeigte einen großen Irisdefekt mit Restirisgewebe von 4 bis 8 Uhr. Beide Augen waren pseudophak, der fundoskopische Befund war unauffällig. Der Patient unterzog sich einer AI-Implantation v. a. zur Linderung seiner Blendempfindlichkeit am rechten Auge. Die Sehschärfe stieg auf 0,30 logMAR an. Die subjektive Blendempfindlichkeit verbesserte sich deutlich. Die Kontrastempfindlichkeit, gemessen mit einer Pelli-Robson-Tafel, stieg von 0,15 logarithmischen Einheiten präoperativ auf 1,05 logarithmische Einheiten postoperativ.

Schlussfolgerungen
Wir beobachteten nach chirurgischer Irisrekonstruktion mit einer künstlichen Iris ein sehr gutes ästhetisches und funktionelles Ergebnis mit hoher Patientenzufriedenheit. Dieser Fall demonstriert, wie die Reduktion der Blendempfindlichkeit gleichzeitig auch zu einer deutlichen Verbesserung der Funktion mit Anstieg von Sehschärfe und Kontrastsehen führen kann.
User-centered design of power tools: a generic process for evaluation of usability aspects
Authors: Helmstetter Sebastian , Dörr Matthias , Germann René , Matthiesen Sven 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUser-centered design focuses on the individual needs of the product users. The aim is to adjust the design of the product according to the requirements of the user and application. Existing methods for evaluation of the perceived usability are often limited to one specific aspect, and it requires a high effort to transfer the respective method to other aspects. A generic process for the evaluation of the perceived usability is missing. This paper presents the generic Usability Study Evaluation Process (USE-Process) that helps product designers to identify and evaluate usability aspects relevant to the suitability of the usage of a product. The process is divided into three sections:1. A structured field study to identify the relevant usability aspects;2. A generic study design for the subjective evaluation of usability aspects under objective and reproducible conditions;3. The use of measurement tools that help to quantify the results of the subjective evaluation.The generic applicability of the process is shown by the example of the evaluation of cordless screwdrivers; several usability aspects were identified, clustered, and evaluated by using subjective evaluation methods and measurement techniques.
p-Laplace Operators for Oriented Hypergraphs
Authors: Jost Jürgen , Mulas Raffaella , Zhang Dong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe p-Laplacian for graphs, as well as the vertex Laplace operator and the hyperedge Laplace operator for the general setting of oriented hypergraphs, are generalized. In particular, both a vertex p-Laplacian and a hyperedge p-Laplacian are defined for oriented hypergraphs, for all p ≥ 1. Several spectral properties of these operators are investigated.
Family Complexity and Parents’ Migration: The Role of Repartnering and Distance to Non-Resident Children
Authors: van der Wiel Roselinde , Kooiman Niels , Mulder Clara H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecent research suggests that the increasing complexity of family life could be a factor in declines in internal migration (long-distance moves within countries). As many separated parents continue to share childcare responsibilities or have visiting arrangements, their mobility is naturally constrained. However, the relationship between family complexity and individual migration behaviour has never been studied explicitly. We compare separated parents with parents in two-parent families in their likelihood of migrating within the Netherlands. We use detailed records of parents’ partnership status and children’s residential situation. An event-history analysis was performed using register-based population data (N = 442,412). We find that separated, single parents are more likely to migrate than those in two-parent families. The same is true for repartnered mothers, while repartnered fathers are about as likely to migrate as fathers in two-parent families. Separated parents’ migration behaviour depends on where their children live. Having non-resident children who live some distance away is associated with a much higher likelihood of migrating than having resident children or non-resident children who live nearby. Having both resident and non-resident children who live nearby—shared residence (i.e. joint physical custody) is likely common in this situation—is associated with a considerably lower likelihood of migrating than having resident children only. Based on our findings, one would expect family complexities stemming from parental separation to be associated with higher rather than lower levels of migration. However, potential future increases in the number of parents who share physical custody after separation might lead to lower migration levels.
In the same boat? An online group career counseling with a group of young adults in the time of COVID-19
Authors: Santilli S. , Ginevra M. C. , Di Maggio I. , Soresi S. , Nota L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn online group of career counseling for unemployed young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic was developed. Twelve participants were involved in online group career counseling intervention, based on the Life Design for an inclusive and sustainable future. Results indicated at post-test on increased scores on career adaptability, resilience, future orientation, and propensity to identify inclusive and sustainable actions for the future than pre-test. Overall, the online group career counseling intervention effectively promoted particular aspects of young adults' life design for an inclusive e-sustainable future.
The Symmpact: A Direct-Impact Hopkinson Bar Setup Suitable for Investigating Dynamic Equilibrium in Low-Impedance Materials
Authors: Jakkula P. , Ganzenmüller G. C. , Beisel S. , Rüthnick P. , Hiermaier S. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Measuring the dynamic behavior of low-impedance materials such as foams is challenging. Their low acoustic impedance means that sensitive force measurement is required. The porous structure of foams also gives rise to dynamic compaction waves, which can result in unusual behavior, in particular if the foam material is so thick, that dynamic force equilibrium is not reached.

Objective
This work investigates comparatively large polyurethane foam specimens with densities in the range of 80 – 240 kg/m3 to deliberately achieve a state away from force equilibrium during high-rate compaction. The aim is to understand how an increase in strain rate leads to a reduction in strength for such materials.

Methods
A specialized direct-impact Hopkinson bar is employed. It uses polycarbonate bars to achieve the required long pulse duration of 2.6 ms to compress the large specimens into the densification regime. In contrast to existing setups, both striker and output bar are instrumented with strain gauges to monitor force equilibrium. The absence of an input bar allows monitoring force equilibrium more accurately. Special attention is paid to the calibration of strain gauges, taking non-linear effects, wave dispersion and attenuation into account. Digital Image Correlation is employed to analyze elastic and plastic compaction waves by means of Lagrange diagrams.

Results
Depending on density, the specimens show saturation of dynamic strength increase at high rates of strain $$\approx$$
≈
500 /s, or even negative strain rate sensitivity in case of the lowest density. The occurrence of apparent negative strain rate sensitivity is accompanied by a localized structural collapse front, moving at a low velocity of $$\approx$$
≈
10 m/s through the material. This apparent strain rate sensitivity is a structural effect which is related to the thickness of the specimen.

Conclusions
The primary aim of material characterization using Hopkinson bars is to achieve a state of force equilibrium. For this reason, very thin specimens are usually employed. However, data gathered in this way is not representative for thick foam layers. Here, an increase of strain rate can lead to a decrease of strength if homogeneous deformation is replaced by a dynamic compaction wave. This behavior can occur at strain rates encountered under conditions such as automotive crash.
Relationship of the Microstructure and Toughness of the Coarse Grain Heat-Affected Zone of TiNbV Microalloyed Steels Based on Electron Backscatter Diffraction Analysis
Authors: Yan Han , Zhao Di , Qi Tongfu , Leng Xuesong , Fu Kuijun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe microstructure evolution and impact toughness of the coarse grain heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) of TiNbV microalloyed steels were investigated by using a thermal simulation test. The samples were treated with various simulated welding thermal cycles. The phase constituents and grain sizes were analyzed by using electron backscatter diffraction analysis. The microstructure of the CGHAZ of the treated samples consisted of ferrite, acicular ferrite, pearlite, and bainite. The samples have a higher impact toughness under a lower welding heat input. This is because the microstructure of the CGHAZ is dominated by the higher volume fraction of the high-angle grain boundaries of acicular ferrites. The presence of bainite and coarsening grains are two key factors deteriorating the toughness of the CGHAZ of TiNbV microalloyed steels. The volume fraction of bainite sharply increased as the welding heat input increased, leading to a decrease in the impact toughness of the CGHAZ. For a higher welding heat input, both the severe coarsening of the grain size and a higher bainite content would result in poor impact toughness.
A qualitative study of the perception of nursing home practitioners about the implementation of quality indicators for drug consumption in nursing homes
Authors: Sanchez Stéphane , Ecarnot Fiona , Voilmy Dimitri , Ndiongue Biné Mariam , Cormi Clément , Letty Aude , Hay Paul Emile , Novella Jean Luc 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Nursing homes (NHs) are an ideal environment in which to implement interventions aimed at reducing inappropriate prescriptions. Quality indicators (QIs) may be useful to standardize practices, but it is unclear how they mediate change. In the framework of a quantitative study aimed at reducing the prescription of anticholinergic drugs among NH residents using QIs, we performed a qualitative study to describe the investigators’ perception of the utility of QIs.

Methods
Qualitative study using focus group methodology. Focus groups were recorded and transcribed, and analyzed by thematic analysis. Participants were purposefully recruited from among the medical directors of the NHs in the quantitative study.

Results
Five medical directors participated in two focus group meetings. The main themes to emerge were: (1) communication is key to introducing new practices and achieving lasting uptake; (2) improved coordination and communication provided useful information to help interpret the quantitative results observed: e.g., participants reported that they were able to obtain contextual and patient-specific information that explained why some prescribers had consistently, but justifiably “poor” performance on the quantitative indicators; (3) negative aspects reported included reluctance to change among prescribers and the tendency to shirk responsibility.

Conclusion
From the point of view of medical directors of NHs participating in an interventional program to reduce inappropriate prescriptions of anticholinergic drugs, the main factor driving the success of the program was communication, which is key to achieving adherence. Improved communication provides useful insights into the reasons why no quantitative reduction is observed in objective quality indicators.
The replication crisis, the rise of new research practices and what it means for experimental economics
Authors: Page Lionel , Noussair Charles N. , Slonim Robert 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe replication crisis across several disciplines raises challenges for behavioural sciences in general. In this report, we review the lessons for experimental economists of these developments. We present the new research methods and practices which are being proposed to improve the replicability of scientific studies. We discuss how these methods and practices can have a positive impact in experimental economics and the extent to which they should be encouraged.
Rejection- and importance-sampling-based perfect simulation for Gibbs hard-sphere models
Authors: Moka Sarat , Juneja Sandeep , Mandjes Michel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCoupling-from-the-past (CFTP) methods have been used to generate perfect samples from finite Gibbs hard-sphere models, an important class of spatial point processes consisting of a set of spheres with the centers on a bounded region that are distributed as a homogeneous Poisson point process (PPP) conditioned so that spheres do not overlap with each other. We propose an alternative importance-sampling-based rejection methodology for the perfect sampling of these models. We analyze the asymptotic expected running time complexity of the proposed method when the intensity of the reference PPP increases to infinity while the (expected) sphere radius decreases to zero at varying rates. We further compare the performance of the proposed method analytically and numerically with that of a naive rejection algorithm and of popular dominated CFTP algorithms. Our analysis relies upon identifying large deviations decay rates of the non-overlapping probability of spheres whose centers are distributed as a homogeneous PPP.