bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melioidosis presenting with periorbital cellulitis and rhinosinusitis
Authors: Udayani L. A. D. N. , Dumingoarachci D. 
Published: March 2021

Melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Burkholderia pseudomallei. It has a variety of clinical manifestations ranging from localized abscess, to severe pneumonia to fatal septicaemia. Sinonasal and orbital manifestations of Melioidosis are rare [1]. This is the first reported case of Melioidosis presenting with orbital cellulitis and rhinosinusitis in Sri Lanka. A 42-year-old patient with diabetes mellitus presented with pyrexia of unknown origin, multiple abscesses in the leg, periorbital cellulitis and rhinosinusitis. Initial investigations did not reveal a diagnosis. Eventually it was diagnosed as Melioidosis with a positive blood culture and successfully managed with long term antibiotics. ConclusionEarly identification and aggressive management is needed to reduce the morbidity and mortality of Melioidosis. Awareness amongst clinicians of different specialties is important as this disease has variety of manifestations.
Maxillary swing approach - Sri Lankan experience
Authors: Dayasena R. P. , Wickramanayaka W. S. S. 
Published: March 2021

Introduction:The maxillary swing approach is one of the trans maxillary surgical approach techniques used in otorhinolaryngology. It gives wide exposure to the nasopharynx, orbital apex, sphenoid sinus pterygopalatine fossa, infra temporal fossa and middle cranial base. This enables en bloc resections of tumour and proper visualization. Objectives:To study patients who underwent this procedure during the last five years with regard to indication, technique, and complications.To compare our patient outcomes with the published literature.To identify the factors leading to complications with recommendations to reduce them in the future.Methods:Retrospective analytical study was done on patients operated from 2015 to 2020 at the ENT Unit C of the National Hospital of Sri Lanka (NHSL).Results:A total of 14 patients underwent maxillary swing approach during the study period. The most common indication was angiofibroma. About 28% had an unacceptable scar following the surgery, which was the most occurring complication while 2 patients had recurrences during this period.Conclusion:Maxillary swing is a useful surgical approach with no major complications in our series. Commonest complication was an unacceptable scar (28%). Other complications were palatal fistula and nasal speech. It is postulated that further refinement of the technique will reduce these complications.
Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry for Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Essential Oil from Curcuma wenyujin Rhizomes
Authors: Zhao Xiang-Sheng , Zeng Yue-Xiang , Zhou Ya-Kui , Li Rong-Tao , Yang Mei-Hua 
Published: March 2021

Objectives:
A rapid and sensitive gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method for quantitative and qualitative analysis of essential oil from Curcuma wenyujin rhizomes was established.

Methods:
The essential oil of C. wenyujin rhizomes was extracted by supercritical CO2 extraction (SFE). Six main bioactive compounds (eucalyptol, β-elemene, curzerene, germacrone, curdione, and curcumol) were analyzed in selected ion monitoring mode (SIM).

Results:
Curzerene is not originally present in C. wenyujin rhizomes, but is a product of the transformation of furanodiene at high temperature. The six target components demonstrated good linearity (R2 > 0.9979) over a relatively wide concentration range. The interday and intraday variations had relative standard deviation values less than 5% and the average recovery ranged from 96.95% to 100.04%. The limit of quantitation ranged from 0.032 to 0.235 μg/mL. The developed method was successfully used to analyze the six compounds in 17 samples collected from different origins. Significant variation was observed for the concentrations of the six compounds. In addition, 51 constituents were identified in C. wenyujin rhizome essential oil, consisting of 87.66% of the total essential oil, including curdione, curzerene, dehydrocurdione, germacrone, 1,4-bis(2-benzimidazoyl)benzene, neocurdione, curcumenone, and β-elemene.

Conclusions:
The proposed method will be useful in the quality control of C. wenyujin rhizome essential oil production.
Percepções sobre meio ambiente em uma escola no município de Aracaju/SE
Authors: Santos Aldeci dos 
Published: March 2021

Atualmente, a educação ambiental pode ser compreendida como sinônimo de reflexão e ação, que se desenvolve a partir de um processo educativo, permanente e contínuo tendo como objetivo, superar a visão meramente ecológica, transpondo o olhar para uma dimensão mais abrangente, com discussões de questões políticas, sociais, econômicas, culturais e ambientais (SPIRONELLO et al. 2012). As questões ambientais vêm sendo consideradas cada vez mais urgente para sociedade devido à falta de conhecimento, fazendo com que haja a necessidade da escola em desenvolver projetos de pesquisa sobre o meio ambiente. Sendo assim, o referido trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as concepções sobre meio ambiente dos alunos do 6º ano de uma Escola Municipal, no município de Aracaju/SE. Foram aplicados 42 questionários com perguntas abertas e fechadas, sendo a análise feita de forma qualitativa e quantitativa. Observou-se que os educandos têm uma visão ampla em relação à questão ambiental. Entretanto, também pode-se concluir que os professores não esclarecem seus alunos sobre a temática ambiental e as consequências que os problemas ambientais podem trazer ao meio ambiente.
Palavras-Chave: Educação Ambiental; Concepções; Escola; Meio Ambiente.
Hubungan Riwayat Penyakit Infeksi Dan Pengasuhan Keluarga Dengan Kejadian Stunting Anak Tk Di Kabupaten Aceh Tengah
Authors: Hudaya Rina , Lubis Rahayu , Sudaryati Etti 
Published: March 2021

Anak-anak yang tumbuh dan berkembang dengan sehat dan terdidik, merasa aman dan bahagia merupakan dasar menciptakan SDM yang berkualitas. Kekurangan gizi dalam waktu yang cukup lama dan adanya penyakit infeksi menyebabkan pertumbuhan linear terhambat sehingga memicu terjadinya stunting. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan penyakit infeksi yaitu riwayat penyakit diare dan penyakit ISPA, pengasuhan keluarga yaitu pola asuh kesehatan dan pola asuh psikososial dengan kejadian stunting anak TK di Kabupaten Aceh Tengah. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Cross sectional dengan subjek sebanyak 200 anak TK berumur 4-6 tahun. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner meliputi data karakteristik anak, karakteristik orang tua, riwayat penyakit infeksi dan pengasuhan keluarga. Tinggi badan anak diukur menggunakan microtoise. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square dan uji regresi logistic berganda. Terdapat 32% anak TK mengalami stunting. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan penyakit diare (p = 0,005; OR = 3,48; 95% CI = 1,49 -8,10.), pola asuh kesehatan (p < 0,001; OR = 5,36; 95% CI = 2,37-12,11) dan pola asuh psikososial (p <0,001; OR = 9,07; 95% CI = 4,54-18,13) dengan kejadian stunting pada anak TK. Riwayat penyakit ISPA tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada anak TK di Kabupaten Aceh Tengah
Pemahaman Remaja Tentang Kesehatan Reproduksi Dan Tinjauan Yuridis Perkawinan Usia Dini
Authors: Nurhayati Nung Ati 
Published: March 2021

Masa remaja merupakan masa tersulit yang harus dilalui setiap individu yang akan menentukan fase-fase perkembangan kehidupan selanjutnya. Masalah utama dalam kehidupan remaja adalah masalah kesehatan reproduksi yang berkaitan dengan kehidupan seksualitas. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman remaja tentang kesehatan reproduksi masih rendah terutama terkait dengan perilaku seks bebas. Rendahnya pemahaman tentang kesehatan reproduksi berdampak pada kurangnya pemahaman tentang perkawinan usia dini yang sampai saat ini masih menduduki angka yang cukup tinggi di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menkaji bagaimana pemahaman remaja tentang kesehatan reproduksi dan bagaiman tinjauan yuridis perkawinan usia dini dilihat darai Undang-Undang No 1 tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan. Tinjauan menggunakan sistematik review mengikuti Panduan Pilihan untuk ulasan Sytematic Review dan Meta Analyses (PRISMA) dengan menggunakan flowchart berdasarkan daftar periksa PRISMA 2009. Rendahnya pengetahuan remaja tentang kesehatan reproduksi remaja menimbulkan dampak seperti meningkatnya angka perkawinan usia dini. Akibat yuridis dari perkawinan di bawah usia, tidak tampak terjadinya pelanggaran terhadap Undang-Undang Nomor 16 tahun 2019 sebagai perubahan Undang-Undang Nomor tahun 1974 secara jelas, tetapi timbul akibat yuridis lain, yaitu terjadi penelantaran dalam rumah tangga yang bisa dikenai ancaman pidana sesuai UndangUndang Nomor 23 tahun 2004 tentang Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga, jika terjadi perceraian akan timbul akibat hukum terlantarnya anak sehingga terjadi pelanggaran terhadap Undang-undang Republik Indonesia nomor 35 tahun 2014 tentang perubahan atas undang-undang nomor 23 tahun 2002 tentang perlindungan anak
Nghiên cứu đặc điểm tổn thương mô bệnh học trong bệnh cầu thận trẻ em
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Hồng Đức , Trần Kiêm Hảo , Nguyễn Thị Diễm Chi , Nguyễn Đình Cân , Nguyễn Hoàng Minh , Huỳnh Ngọc Linh , Phạm Nguyên Cường 
Published: March 2021

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá tổn thương mô bệnh học các bệnh cầu thận trẻ em. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Mô tả cắt ngang. Kết quả: Nghiên cứu 32 trẻ có bệnh lý cầu thận có chỉ định sinh thiết thận, có tuổi trung bình 10,28 ± 3,06, (nhỏ nhất 4 tuổi). Chỉ định sinh thiết thận nhiều nhất là hội chứng thận hư kháng corticoid 34,4%, tiếp đến là lupus ban đỏ có tổn thương thận chiếm 21,9%. Về kết quả sinh thiết, tổn thương tối thiểu chiếm tỉ lệ cao nhất 46,9%, tiếp đến là tổn thương viêm thận lupus nhóm IV và bệnh thận IgA (12,5%), xơ hóa cầu thận từng phần khu trú (9,4%), viêm thận lupus III 6,3%. Kết luận: Tổn thương tối thiểu là thường gặp nhất trong sinh thiết các bệnh cầu thận và chỉ định sinh thiết thận phổ biến là hội chứng thận hư kháng corticoid.
Justifications for Decriminalizing Drugs
Authors: Ernst Theodor 
Published: March 2021

Drug decriminalization calls for reduced control and penalties compared to existing laws. Proponents of drug decriminalization generally support the use of fines or other punishments to replace prison terms, and often propose systems whereby illegal drug users who are caught would be fined, but would not receive a permanent criminal record as a result. A central feature of drug decriminalization is the concept of harm reduction.
Drug decriminalization is in some ways an intermediate between prohibition and legalization, and has been criticized as being "the worst of both worlds", in that drug sales would still be illegal, thus perpetuating the problems associated with leaving production and distribution of drugs to the criminal underworld, while also failing to discourage illegal drug use by removing the criminal penalties that might otherwise cause some people to choose not to use drugs.
In 2001 began treating use and possession of small quantities of drugs as a public health issue. This also decreases the amount of money the government spends fighting a war on drugs and money spent keeping drug users incarcerated. A number of countries have similarly moved to reduce the penalties associated with drug use and personal possession.
Articulations of Family Life and Organization for Happy Life
Authors: Bin Jamal Ali Fatah , Zakari Mohammad 
Published: March 2021

Family is an instrumental for the development of the nation and culture. Different culture have different perception regarding the importance of the family. There are also difference in types of family, and social scientists measure the characteristics of the family in different cultures. In this paper we tried to explore the importance of family for happy life. In order to test the hypothesis, the chosen research question, data from the German General Social Survey 2014 is used. Based on statistical analysis and their results, both hypothesis are supported. These hypotheses and their results indicates that the people who spend their leisure time with family, they consider and think that family is important. On the other hand, people who are more interested in soaps and sitcoms, they may think that, all problems and issues are part of life but family is still important for them.
Nitrous oxide emission from livestock production
Authors: Nasiru A. , Suleiman M. S. , Idris A. A. , Jinjiri A. , Aminu M. U. , Gilima Z. Y. , Jibrin M. J. 
Published: March 2021

Livestock production provides food and raw materials in addition to being means of livelihoods to millions of people. However, their production is associated with pollution among which is greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Livestock contributes 80% of the total GHG emission from agricultural sector. These emissions are originated from enteric fermentations and manure management. Emissions from manure management are mostly Nitrous oxide. Five (5) sources of N O emission from livestock were identified and are dung 2 and urine from grazing animals deposited in pastures, indirect sources, animal wastes in stables and storages, application of animal wastes to land and burning of dung with emission proportion of 41, 27, 19, 10 and 3% respectively. IPCC developed methods for estimation N O emission designated as Tier 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Using Tier 1 method a total of 2 453.027 gigagrams of N O were emitted from livestock, considering class of livestock 2 ruminant dominated the emission with cattle alone emitted 47.83% of the total emission. Based on regions, Asia produces the highest emission from N O with 51% in the year 2016. 2 Tier 3 method can be used to get a relative accurate measurement of the emission as well as GLEAM model. Mitigation options should be explored in order to minimise GHG emission and environmental pollution from livestock as well as nutrients losses which translate to increase cost of production.
La production animale fournit de la nourriture et des matières premières en plus d'être un moyen de subsistance pour des millions de personnes. Cependant, leur production est associée à une pollution dont les émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES). L'élevage contribue à 80% des émissions totales de GES du secteur agricole. Ces émissions proviennent des fermentations entériques et de la gestion du fumier. Les émissions provenant de la gestion du fumier sont principalement de l'oxyde nitreux. Cinq (5) sources d'émission de N2O provenant du bétail ont été identifiées et sont les excréments et l'urine d'animaux de pâturage déposés dans les pâturages, les sources indirectes, les déchets animaux dans les étables et les entrepôts, l'épandage de déchets animaux sur le sol et le brûlage des excréments avec une
Size-resolved atmospheric ice-nucleating particles during East Asian dust events
Authors: Chen Jingchuan , Wu Zhijun , Chen Jie , Reicher Naama , Fang Xin , Rudich Yinon , Hu Min 
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Asian dust is an important source of atmospheric ice-nucleating particles (INPs). However, the freezing activity of airborne Asian dust, especially its sensitivity to particle size, is poorly understood. In this study we report the first INP measurement of size-resolved airborne mineral dust collected during East Asian dust events. The measured total INP concentrations in the immersion mode ranged from 10−2 to 102 L−1 in dust events at temperatures between −25 and −5 ∘C. The average contributions of heat-sensitive INPs at three
temperatures, −10, −15, and −20 ∘C, were 81±12 %, 70±15 %, and 38±21 %, respectively, suggesting that proteinaceous biological materials have a substantial effect on the ice
nucleation properties of Asian airborne mineral dust at high temperatures.
The dust particles which originated from China's northwest deserts are more
efficient INPs compared to those from northern regions. In general, there
was no significant difference in the ice nucleation properties between East
Asian dust particles and other regions in the world. An explicit size
dependence of both INP concentration and surface ice-active-site density was observed. The nucleation efficiency of dust particles increased with
increasing particle size, while the INP concentration first increased
rapidly and then leveled, due to the significant decrease in the number
concentration of larger particles. A new set of parameterizations for INP
activity based on size-resolved nucleation properties of Asian mineral dust
particles were developed over an extended temperature range (−35 to −6 ∘C). These size-dependent parameterizations require only particle size distribution as input and can be easily applied in models.
Morphology of the invasive 'Carpobrotus' (Aizoaceae) in Europe: Malta as a case study
Authors: Mifsud Stephen 
Published: March 2021

Since the late 19th century, different taxonomic views have been reported for Carpobrotus species occurring in the Maltese Islands, where the latest treatments imply two varieties of C. edulis and the doubtful occurrence of C. acinaciformis. Taxonomic inconsistencies are possibly derived from the poor understanding or misinterpretation of morphological characters. Moreover, the hybridogenous morphotypes resulting from horticultural advances make the determination of Carpobrotus even harder, especially with the application of outdated identification keys which do not take hybrids into account. The difficulty in determining Carpobrotus spp. has been expressed in several recent accounts within the Mediterranean region. A taxonomic investigation was carried out by applying eleven morphological characters adopted from recent monographs on 25 populations present in Malta. Three taxonomic units have been retrieved from the analyzed sample, where C. acinaciformis s.l. has been confirmed to represent all the purple-flowering populations and C. edulis s.s. for the yellow-flowering ones. Emphasis was given on the interpretation and understanding of distinctive morphological characters by employing a standardized method of assessment aided by images. This comparative morphological study resulted in a new characteristic in the leaves of C. edulis, by which it could be easily distinguished from C. acinaciformis in the vegetative state. A detailed discussion about the two different morphotypes of C. acinaciformis s.l. and dichotomous keys to distinguish Carpobrotus taxa are also provided.
A Review on Human Development Index
Authors: Javaid Anam , Akbar Atif , Nawaz Shahbaz 
Published: March 2021

Human development index is considered as very important for economy as by looking on it, development level of any country can be seen. It is based on education Index, health index and on GDP so for the purpose of analyzing the developing level of a country in different years, it is important to consider its HDI. In literature, Different authors have worked on HDI. The current paper summarizes the work by different authors so from this review paper the work that had been done on HDI can be seen.
Final Health and Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Soybean A2704-12
Authors: Andreassen Åshild Kristin , Bakke Anne Marie , Dahl Knut Kelkås , Dalen Knut Thomas , Finne Merethe Aasmo , Mikalsen Arne , Sanden Monica , Sipinen Ville Erling , Vikse Rose , Brandtzæg Per , Junttila Olavi , Meadow Richard , Nielsen Kåre Magnus , Sorteberg Hilde-Gunn Opsahl 
Published: March 2021

Soybean A2704-12 expresses the phosphinothricin-N-acetyltransferase (pat) gene, from the soil bacterium Streptomyces viridochromogenes. The encoded PAT protein confers tolerance to the active herbicidal substance glufosinate-ammonium. Bioinformatics analyses of the inserted DNA and flanking sequences in soybean A2704-12 have not indicated a potential production of putative harmful proteins or polypeptides caused by the genetic modification. Genomic stability of the functional insert and consistent expression of the pat gene have been shown over several generations of soybean A2704-12. With the exception of the intended changes caused by the transgenetically introduced trait, data from field trials performed in the USA and Canada show that soybean A2704-12 is compositionally, morphologically and agronomically equivalent to its conventional counterpart and to other commercial soybean varieties. A repeated dose toxicity study in with rats and a nutritional assessment trial with broilers indicate that soybean A2704-12 is nutritionally equivalent to and as safe as conventional soybean varieties. The PAT protein produced in soybean A270412 does not show sequence resemblance to known toxins or IgE-dependent allergens, nor has it been reported to cause IgE-mediated allergic reactions. Soybean is not cultivated in Norway, and there are no cross-compatible wild or weedy relatives of soybean in Europe.

Based on current knowledge, the VKM GMO Panel concludes that with the intended usage, there are no discernible safety concerns associated with soybean A2704-12 regarding human or animal health or to the environment in Norway.
Robust Superamphiphilic Membrane with a Closed‐Loop Life Cycle
Authors: Ye Chongnan , Voet Vincent S. D. , Folkersma Rudy , Loos Katja 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOil‐spill remediation is an international environmental challenge, and superamphiphilic membranes, as a promising solution, have recently drawn lots of attention. However, the robustness of the conventional membrane design is less satisfying under severe conditions during practical applications. Additionally, it is unavoidable for the membranes to face a series of foulants in their practical working environment, for example, algae and sand. These foulants will block the membrane, which leads to a new economic and environmental problem in terms of waste management at the end of their life. To address the aforementioned challenges, a new generation of superamphiphilic vitrimer epoxy resin membranes (SAVER) to separate oil and water efficiently is reported. Similar to classical epoxy resins, SAVER shows strong mechanical robustness and sustains exposure to aqua regia and sodium hydroxide solutions. Furthermore, the blocked membrane can be easily recovered when contaminated with mixed foulants by using dynamic transesterification reactions in the polymer network. The ease with which biobased SAVER can be manufactured, used, recycled, and re‐used without losing value points to new directions in designing a closed‐loop superamphiphilic membrane life cycle.
Development of Polymeric Nanoparticles for Blood–Brain Barrier Transfer—Strategies and Challenges
Authors: Zhang Weisen , Mehta Ami , Tong Ziqiu , Esser Lars , Voelcker Nicolas H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNeurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, stroke, and brain cancers are difficult to treat with current drugs as their delivery efficacy to the brain is severely hampered by the presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Drug delivery systems have been extensively explored in recent decades aiming to circumvent this barrier. In particular, polymeric nanoparticles have shown enormous potentials owing to their unique properties, such as high tunability, ease of synthesis, and control over drug release profile. However, careful analysis of their performance in effective drug transport across the BBB should be performed using clinically relevant testing models. In this review, polymeric nanoparticle systems for drug delivery to the central nervous system are discussed with an emphasis on the effects of particle size, shape, and surface modifications on BBB penetration. Moreover, the authors critically analyze the current in vitro and in vivo models used to evaluate BBB penetration efficacy, including the latest developments in the BBB‐on‐a‐chip models. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives for the development of polymeric nanoparticles to combat neurological disorders are discussed.