bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fortified Fluconazole Eyedrops for Treatment of Culvularia Corneal Ulcer
Authors: Reza Arlas Muhammad , Petty Purwanita  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction. Fungal keratitis is less common than bacterial keratitis, generally representing less than 5%–10% of corneal infections in reported clinical series in the United States. But in developing countries (Ghana, India, China) it accounts for more than 90% of the cases. Corneal trauma by plant or vegetative material is the leading risk factor for fungal keratitis. One or more topical antifungals are usually administered with systemic support of oral antifungals. The most common classes of antifungal used for medical therapy include the polyenes, azoles, and the echinocandins.
Case Illustration. A 47-year-old male presented with a widening white patch on his left eye since 4 days before coming to our hospital. The left eye was injured by wood flakes 3 weeks ago. He felt a sore, red, watery left eye and blurred vision. He washed his eyes with betel leaf water. His left eye visual acuity was 1/60 and not improved with pinhole. There were blepharospasm, ciliary and conjunctival injection. Corneal examination showed a cloudy cornea, a central corneal defect sized 8x6 mm with an irregular margin, 2/3 to stromal depth, infiltrate, satellite lesion, and positive fluorescein staining at the defect margin. KOH examination demonstrated hyphae. The culture test of left corneal discharge identified a fungi species (Curvularia sp). We prescribed fortified fluconazole eye drops in combination with supportive therapy for 2.5 months. This regimen showed a significant increase in visual acuity to 6/30 with pinhole improvement of 6/21 in the left eye.
Discussion. Imidazole acts by inhibiting ergosterol biosynthesis of the fungal cell wall, through action on the cytochrome P450-dependent enzyme. This leads to cell membrane destabilization and leakage. Curvularia sp belongs to the family of dematiaceous fungi. Its clinical manifestations include raised lesions and feathery edges; hypopyon rarely occurs, and the prognosis is quite good. Fluconazole (2 mg/ml) is available for injection and is a well-tolerated eye drop. The intravenous injection can be used as a topical treatment and can be given subconjunctivally at the same concentration.
Conclusions. Fortified fluconazole eyedrops (2 mg/ml) can become an alternative and additional therapy for deep fungal keratitis, especially for Curvularia sp.
PENGARUH MODEL PAIKEM GEMBROT TERHADAP PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TYPE JIGSAW PADA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Yudha Chrisnaji Banindra , Evayenny Evayenny , Herzamzam Dyah Anungrat 
Published: March 2021

This study aims to prove the effect of the PAIKEM GEMBROT model on mathematics learning outcomes in fractions material, between students who are given learning with the PAIKEM GEMBROT model compared to students taught with the Jigsaw cooperative learning model. This research was conducted for two months to be precise, namely January to March 2019, with a total sample of 60 students, to be precise 30 VD class students who were given using the PAIKEM GEMBROT model and 30 students in VA class using the Jigsaw cooperative learning model. . Based on the calculation, it was found that the average learning outcomes of students through the PAIKEM GEMBROT model had an average of 73.5. Furthermore, the learning outcomes using the average model are 60.1. Based on the hypothesis test, the value of tcount = 5.101> t table = 2.00172 is obtained. So it can be concluded that H1 is accepted and Ho is rejected. The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant difference between the mathematics learning outcomes of students who are taught using the PAIKEM GEMBROT model and the Mathematics learning outcomes using the Jigsaw cooperative learning model on fraction material in class V Jatirangga 03 Bekasi elementary school.
METODE PEMBELAJARAN SNOWBALL DRILLING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS VIII MTs. NEGERI NGADA
Authors: Syafitri Eni , Taga Gregorius , Seto Stefania Baptis 
Published: March 2021

This study aims to (1) produce a snowball drilling learning tool for relation and function material for class VIII students of MTs. Negeri Ngada Academic Year 2020/2021; (2) improve learning outcomes through snowball drilling for relation and function material for class VIII of MTs. Negeri Ngada Academic Year 2020/2021. The type of research used experimental research with a quantitative approach. The research procedure began by prepared learning tools included RPP, LKS, THB. After conducted the trial phase, the learning device has meets the requirements for validity, reliability, sensitivity, and was suitable for used in research. Sources of data this research were obtained from student learning outcomes test in the from of pre-test and post-test. The research data were processed using Anacova (analysis of variances) statistical analysis. From the result of the development of learning tools snowball drilling for relation and functions material, a good learning tool is produced. Based on the result of covariance analysis, it was obtained that Fcount = 17.43823 and Ftable = 4.21(Fcount > Ftable) with dk numerator 1 and dk denominator = 27 give a significant value. This shows that the snowball drilling learning method is considered to improve learning outcomes for relation and function material.
Una mesa familiar imposible. La versión fílmica de "Esperando la carroza"
Authors: Sala Jorge 
Published: March 2021

Entre las producciones filmadas durante la transición democrática argentina (1983-1989) Esperando la carroza constituye un caso singular debido a su éxito alcanzado a lo largo del tiempo. A partir de los interrogantes que genera su repercusión pública, el artículo examina el lugar de la mesa familiar en esta película, asumiendo a este objeto desde una perspectiva doble: 1) como un dispositivo que funciona al mismo tiempo como leitmotiv, como desencadenante dramático y como factor de aglutinación de lo público y lo privado; 2) entendiendo este como un elemento clave que posibilita reconstruir una genealogía de representaciones teatrales y cinematográficas que aportan un plus de sentido a su figuración en la pantalla. A través del análisis textual, el ensayo se propone dar cuenta de ambos problemas, los que permitirán situar simultáneamente a esta película dentro de su marco epocal, viendo también sus derivaciones futuras.
Unpredictive linguistic verbal cues accelerate congruent visual targets into awareness in a breaking continuous flash suppression paradigm
Authors: Paffen Chris L. E. , Sahakian Andre , Struiksma Marijn E. , Van der Stigchel Stefan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOne of the most influential ideas within the domain of cognition is that of embodied cognition, in which the experienced world is the result of an interplay between an organism’s physiology, sensorimotor system, and its environment. An aspect of this idea is that linguistic information activates sensory representations automatically. For example, hearing the word ‘red’ would automatically activate sensory representations of this color. But does linguistic information prioritize access to awareness of congruent visual information? Here, we show that linguistic verbal cues accelerate matching visual targets into awareness by using a breaking continuous flash suppression paradigm. In a speeded reaction time task, observers heard spoken color labels (e.g., red) followed by colored targets that were either congruent (red), incongruent (green), or neutral (a neutral noncolor word) with respect to the labels. Importantly, and in contrast to previous studies investigating a similar question, the incidence of congruent trials was not higher than that of incongruent trials. Our results show that RTs were selectively shortened for congruent verbal–visual pairings, and that this shortening occurred over a wide range of cue–target intervals. We suggest that linguistic verbal information preactivates sensory representations, so that hearing the word ‘red’ preactivates (visual) sensory information internally.
Forward Modeling Populations of Flares from Tidal Disruptions of Stars by Supermassive Black Holes
Authors: Roth Nathaniel , van Velzen Sjoert , Cenko S. Bradley , Mushotzky R. F. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Detections of the tidal disruption flares (TDFs) of stars by supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are rapidly accumulating as optical surveys improve. These detections may provide constraints on SMBH demographics, stellar dynamics, and stellar evolution in galaxies. To maximize this scientific impact, we require a better understanding of how astrophysical parameters interact with survey selection effects in setting the properties of detected flares. We develop a framework for modeling the distributions of optical TDF detections in surveys across attributes of the host galaxies and the flares themselves. This model folds in effects of the stellar disruption rate in each galaxy, the flare luminosity and temperature distributions, the effects of obscuration and reddening by dust in the host galaxy, and survey selection criteria. We directly apply this model to the sample of TDFs detected by the Zwicky Transient Facility, and find that the overall flare detection rate is in line with simple theoretical expectation. The model can also reproduce the distribution of total stellar mass and redshift of the host galaxies, but fails to match all details of the detected flares, such as their luminosity and temperature distributions. We also find that dust obscuration likely plays an important role in suppressing the TDF detection rate in star-forming galaxies. While we do not find that the unusual preference of TDFs to have hosts in post-starburst galaxies in the “green valley” can be entirely explained by selection effects, our model can help to quantify the true rate enhancement in those galaxies.
Observing the Stellar Halo of Andromeda in Cosmological Simulations: The AURIGA2PANDAS Pipeline
Authors: Thomas Guillaume F. , Martin Nicolas F. , Fattahi Azadeh , Ibata Rodrigo A. , Helly John , McConnachie Alan W. , Frenk Carlos , Gómez Facundo A. , Grand Robert J. J. , Gwyn Stephen , Mackey Dougal , Marinacci Federico , Pakmor Rüdiger 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We present a direct comparison of the Pan-Andromeda Archaeological Survey (PAndAS) observations of the stellar halo of M31 with the stellar halos of six galaxies from the Auriga simulations. We process the simulated halos through the Auriga2PAndAS pipeline and create PAndAS-like mocks that fold in all observational limitations of the survey data (foreground contamination from the Milky Way stars, incompleteness of the stellar catalogs, photometric uncertainties, etc.). This allows us to study the survey data and the mocks in the same way and generate directly comparable density maps and radial density profiles. We show that the simulations are overall compatible with the observations. Nevertheless, some systematic differences exist, such as a preponderance for metal-rich stars in the mocks. While these differences could suggest that M31 had a different accretion history or has a different mass compared with the simulated systems, it is more likely a consequence of an underquenching of the star formation history of galaxies, related to the resolution of the Auriga simulations. The direct comparison enabled by our approach offers avenues to improve our understanding of galaxy formation as they can help pinpoint the observable differences between observations and simulations. Ideally, this approach will be further developed through an application to other stellar halo simulations. To facilitate this step, we release the pipeline to generate the mocks, along with the six mocks presented and used in this contribution.
Galaxy Look-back Evolution Models: A Comparison with Magneticum Cosmological Simulations and Observations
Authors: Kudritzki Rolf-Peter , Teklu Adelheid F. , Schulze Felix , Remus Rhea-Silvia , Dolag Klaus , Burkert Andreas , Zahid H. Jabran 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We construct empirical models of star-forming galaxy evolution assuming that individual galaxies evolve along well-known scaling relations between stellar mass, gas mass, and star formation rate following a simple description of chemical evolution. We test these models by a comparison with observations and detailed Magneticum high-resolution hydrodynamic cosmological simulations. Galaxy star formation rates, stellar masses, gas masses, ages, interstellar medium, and stellar metallicities are compared. It is found that these simple look-back models capture many of the crucial aspects of galaxy evolution reasonably well. Their key assumption of a redshift-dependent power-law relationship between galaxy interstellar medium gas mass and stellar mass is in agreement with the outcome of the complex Magneticum simulations. Star formation rates decline toward lower redshift not because galaxies are running out of gas, but because the fraction of the cold interstellar medium gas, which is capable of producing stars, becomes significantly smaller. Gas accretion rates in both model approaches are of the same order of magnitude. Metallicity in the Magneticum simulations increases with the ratio of stellar mass to gas mass as predicted by the look-back models. The mass–metallicity relationships agree, and the star formation rate dependence of these relationships is also reproduced. We conclude that these simple models provide a powerful tool for constraining and interpreting more complex models based on cosmological simulations and for population synthesis studies analyzing the integrated spectra of stellar populations.
Improving z ∼ 7–11 Galaxy Property Estimates with JWST/NIRCam Medium-band Photometry
Authors: Roberts-Borsani Guido , Treu Tommaso , Mason Charlotte , Schmidt Kasper B. , Jones Tucker , Fontana Adriano 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The past decade has seen impressive progress in the detection of z > 7 galaxies with the Hubble Space Telescope; however, little is known about their properties. The James Webb Space Telescope will revolutionize the high-z field by providing near-IR (i.e., rest-frame optical) data of unprecedented depth and spatial resolution. Measuring galaxy quantities such as resolved stellar ages or gas metallicity gradients traditionally requires spectroscopy, as broadband imaging filters are generally too coarse to fully isolate diagnostics such as the 4000 Å (rest-frame) break, continuum emission from aged stars, and key emission lines (e.g., [O ii], [O iii], Hβ). However, in this paper, we show that adding NIRCam images through a strategically chosen medium-band filter to common wide-band filter sets adopted by ERS and GTO programs delivers tighter constraints on these galactic properties. To constrain the choice of filter, we perform a systematic investigation of which combinations of wide-band filters from ERS and GTO programs and single medium-band filters offer the tightest constraints on several galaxy properties at redshifts z ∼ 7–11. We employ the JAGUAR extragalactic catalogs to construct statistical samples of physically motivated mock photometry and conduct SED-fitting procedures to evaluate the accuracy of galaxy property (and photo-z) recovery with a simple star formation history model. We find that adding >4.1 μm medium filters at comparable depth to the broadband filters can significantly improve photo-zs and yield close to order-of-magnitude improvements in the determination of quantities such as stellar ages, metallicities, SF-related quantities, and emission-line fluxes at z ∼ 8. For resolved sources, the proposed approach enables the spatially resolved determination of these quantities that would be prohibitive with slit spectroscopy.
Energetics and 3D Structure of Elementary Events in Solar Coronal Heating
Authors: Einaudi G. , Dahlburg R. B. , Ugarte-Urra I. , Reep J. W. , Rappazzo A. F. , Velli M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Parker first proposed (1972) that coronal heating was the necessary outcome of an energy flux caused by the tangling of coronal magnetic field lines by photospheric flows. In this paper we discuss how this model has been modified by subsequent numerical simulations outlining in particular the substantial differences between the “nanoflares” introduced by Parker and “elementary events,” defined here as small-scale spatially and temporally isolated heating events resulting from the continuous formation and dissipation of field-aligned current sheets within a coronal loop. We present numerical simulations of the compressible 3D MHD equations using the HYPERION code. We use two clustering algorithms to investigate the properties of the simulated elementary events: an IDL implementation of a density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise technique, and our own physical distance clustering algorithm. We identify and track elementary heating events in time, both in temperature and in Joule heating space. For every event we characterize properties such as density, temperature, volume, aspect ratio, length, thickness, duration, and energy. The energies of the events are in the range of 1018–1021 erg, with durations shorter than 100 s. A few events last up to 200 s and release energies up to 1023 erg. While high temperatures are typically located at the flux tube apex, the currents extend all the way to the footpoints. Hence, a single elementary event cannot at present be detected. The observed emission is due to the superposition of many elementary events distributed randomly in space and time within the loop.
Motivations politiques négatives et normes comportementales persistantes : étude sur les filets de sécurité sociale au Bangladesh
Authors: Sarker Abu Elias , Nawaz Faraha 
Published: March 2021

Malgré le succès relatif de la lutte contre la pauvreté au cours des deux dernières décennies, la question des filets de sécurité sociale reste une question épineuse dans le domaine de l’intervention stratégique du gouvernement du Bangladesh. Le présent article vise à étudier deux séries de défis : les motivations politiques négatives et les normes comportementales persistantes. Pour cela, notre article propose un cadre conceptuel qui met en évidence les effets du clientélisme, des cadres institutionnels et de leur application, ainsi que des facteurs sociaux, humains et technologiques sur les filets de sécurité sociale. Nous verrons aussi comment les filets de sécurité sociale influencent la réduction de la pauvreté, des vulnérabilités et des risques, ce qui conduit au renforcement des capacités et à l’autonomisation des personnes vulnérables. Le cas du Bangladesh est examiné à la lumière du cadre conceptuel proposé. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Les décideurs et les responsables de la mise en œuvre au niveau de l’État peuvent prendre conscience de l’importance de la participation de forums civiques en faveur de la défense des pauvres à différents stades de l’intervention des filets de sécurité sociale, de l’allocation de ressources suffisantes et de la résolution des nombreux déficits de gestion auxquels sont confrontés les filets de sécurité sociale. Les organisations internationales de développement doivent également tenir compte des variables contextuelles lorsqu’elles offrent une assistance aux pays en développement en général et au Bangladesh en particulier. Les acteurs politiques et les administrateurs doivent également tenir compte des contradictions majeures dans la formulation et la mise en œuvre des programmes de protection sociale au Bangladesh.
S’hybrider sous le 4e paradigme de la “science dirigée par les données massives” : l’ouverture des données favorise-t-elle l’interdisciplinarité et la transdisciplinarité ?
Authors: Squividant Hervé , Revelin Florence 
Published: March 2021

Nous avons encore peu de recul sur la manière dont les communautés productrices de matériaux de recherche se saisissent des enjeux de l’ouverture des données dans le contexte actuel du Big Data et de la Science Ouverte, dépeint par Jim Gray comme l’ère du nouveau paradigme de la “Science dirigée par les données massives” (Hey, 2009). En particulier, lorsque ces communautés rassemblent différentes cultures épistémiques, impliquant une pluralité de rapports à la donnée. En prenant appui sur l’expérience d’un programme de recherche sur les relations en agriculture et littoral en Bretagne (Parchemins, 2016-2020), nous décrivons comment une équipe de 10 chercheurs et ingénieurs issus d’horizons divers (agronomie, sciences et techniques de l’information, anthropologie et études sociales des sciences) a intégré cet objectif en lien avec son ambition interdisciplinaire et transdisciplinaire, et a co-construit un système d’information modulaire et interopérable pour y répondre. Dans quelles mesures l’objectif de mise en partage des matériaux de recherche à un niveau à la fois interne et ouvert, favorise-t-il l’hybridation des approches scientifiques et l’ouverture de la science vers la société ? La description fine de l'instrumentation technique et numérique du partage des matériaux de recherche nous permet de mettre en lumière et de discuter une partie de ces formes d’hybridation.
Évaluation de la résilience communautaire : L’Indice Multidimensionnel de Résilience
Authors: Salava Julien , Randriamanampisoa Holimalala , Razanakoto Thierry , Lazamanana Pierre , Andrianjakatina Aina , Randrianalijaona Mahefasoa 
Published: March 2021

L’évaluation de la résilience constitue le nœud de toute analyse en matière de gouvernance et de gestion des risques liés aux catastrophes. Le Cadre d’action de Hyogo (2005 – 2015), reconsidéré puis renforcé dans le Cadre de Sendai pour la Réduction des Risques de Catastrophe (2015-2030), justifie l’importance de la lutte contre la pauvreté à travers les efforts de Réduction des Risques de Catastrophes ; d’où l’utilité du concept destiné à orienter la pratique sur le changement et la variabilité climatiques et le développement en général. Il s’est alors produit un intérêt vis-à-vis de la résilience au sein du milieu académique et opérationnel. Le présent travail vise à proposer un outil d’évaluation de la résilience communautaire dont l’Indice Multidimensionnel de Résilience (IMR). L’objectif consiste à mesurer et évaluer le niveau de résilience d’une communauté au travers de la mise en œuvre dudit outil. Le résultat de l’évaluation de la résilience de la communauté rurale d’un village au Sud-Est de Madagascar montre que cette dernière peut s’appuyer sur ses propres ressources pour renforcer sa résilience, après l’avènement d’une catastrophe.
Les enseignants et la diversité ethnoculturelle : entre différenciation et homogénéisation dans les discours et les pratiques pédagogiques
Authors: Mottet Geneviève 
Published: March 2021

L’objectif de cet article est de présenter le rapport ambivalent qu’entretiennent les enseignants avec la diversité ethnoculturelle de leurs élèves. Nous verrons qu’ils mobilisent deux schèmes de discours et de pratiques qui s’entremêlent et s’opposent. D’une part, les professionnels cherchent à promouvoir la différenciation pédagogique et à prendre en compte la diversité des publics scolaires. D’autre part, ils développent paradoxalement des pratiques et produisent des discours qui entendent l’effacer, dans une visée d’homogénéisation, cherchant à ajuster les publics aux normes scolaires et sociétales ; soit à induire les bons comportements et à promouvoir la culture commune.