bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the number of principal ideals in d-tonal partition monoids
Authors: Ahmed Chwas , Martin Paul , Mazorchuk Volodymyr 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFor a positive integer d, a non-negative integer n and a non-negative integer $$h\le n$$

h
≤
n

, we study the number $$C_{n}^{(d)}$$

C

n

(
d
)

of principal ideals; and the number $$C_{n,h}^{(d)}$$

C

n
,
h

(
d
)

of principal ideals generated by an element of rank h, in the d-tonal partition monoid on n elements. We compute closed forms for the first family, as partial cumulative sums of known sequences. The second gives an infinite family of new integral sequences. We discuss their connections to certain integral lattices as well as to combinatorics of partitions.
Zirkulärer Weichteildefekt nach prolongiertem Belassen eines strangulierenden Kompressionsstrumpfes
Authors: Mirtschink Sophia Juliane , Manke Elisabeth , Schneiders Wolfgang 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungDas prolongierte Belassen des Thrombosestrumpfes kann zu tiefgradigen Haut‑/Weichteildefekten führen. In dem konkreten Fall kam es zu einer zirkulären Nekrose mit freiliegender Sehne des M. tibialis anterior und der Achillessehne. Die Defektdeckung mittels M.-peronaeus-brevis-Lappen führte zu einer adäquaten Bedeckung der Achillessehne. Dieser Lappen stellt, insbesondere bei multimorbiden Patienten, aufgrund der kurzen Operations- und Narkosezeit eine gute Möglichkeit zur Defektdeckung am Unterschenkel dar. Dieser Fall sensibilisiert für die Wichtigkeit einer adäquaten Patientenschulung vor Beginn einer Kompressionstherapie.
Concentration–QTc analysis of quizartinib in patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Kang Dongwoo , Ludwig Elizabeth , Jaworowicz David , Huang Hannah , Fiedler-Kelly Jill , Cortes Jorge , Ganguly Siddhartha , Khaled Samer , Krämer Alwin , Levis Mark , Martinelli Giovanni , Perl Alexander , Russell Nigel , Abutarif Malaz , Choi Youngsook , Yin Ophelia 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This analysis evaluated the relationship between concentrations of quizartinib and its active metabolite AC886 and QT interval corrected using Fridericia’s formula (QTcF) in patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated in the phase 3 QuANTUM-R study (NCT02039726).

Methods
The analysis dataset included 226 patients with AML. Quizartinib dihydrochloride was administered as daily doses of 20, 30, and 60 mg. Nonlinear mixed-effects modeling was performed using observed quizartinib and AC886 concentrations and time-matched mean electrocardiogram measurements.

Results
Observed QTcF increased with quizartinib and AC886 concentrations; the relationship was best described by a nonlinear maximum effect (Emax) model. The predicted mean increase in QTcF at the maximum concentration of quizartinib and AC886 associated with 60 mg/day was 21.1 ms (90% CI, 18.3–23.6 ms). Age, body weight, sex, race, baseline QTcF, QT-prolonging drug use, hypomagnesemia, and hypocalcemia were not significant predictors of QTcF. Hypokalemia (serum potassium < 3.5 mmol/L) was a statistically significant covariate affecting baseline QTcF, but no differences in ∆QTcF (change in QTcF from baseline) were predicted between patients with versus without hypokalemia at the same quizartinib concentration. The use of concomitant QT-prolonging drugs did not increase QTcF further.

Conclusion
QTcF increase was dependent on quizartinib and AC886 concentrations, but patient factors, including sex and age, did not affect the concentration–QTcF relationship. Because concomitant strong cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) inhibitor use significantly increases quizartinib concentration, these results support the clinical recommendation of quizartinib dose reduction in patients concurrently receiving a strong CYP3A inhibitor.

Clinical Trial Registration
NCT02039726 (registered January 20, 2014).
Exosomes induce endolysosomal permeabilization as a gateway by which exosomal tau seeds escape into the cytosol
Authors: Polanco Juan Carlos , Hand Gabriel Rhys , Briner Adam , Li Chuanzhou , Götz Jürgen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe microtubule-associated protein tau has a critical role in Alzheimer’s disease and other tauopathies. A proposed pathomechanism in the progression of tauopathies is the trans-synaptic spreading of tau seeds, with a role for exosomes which are secretory nanovesicles generated by late endosomes. Our previous work demonstrated that brain-derived exosomes isolated from tau transgenic rTg4510 mice encapsulate tau seeds with the ability to induce tau aggregation in recipient cells. We had also shown that exosomes can hijack the endosomal pathway to spread through interconnected neurons. Here, we reveal how tau seeds contained within internalized exosomes exploit mechanisms of lysosomal degradation to escape the endosome and induce tau aggregation in the cytosol of HEK293T-derived ‘tau biosensor cells’. We found that the majority of the exosome-containing endosomes fused with lysosomes to form endolysosomes. Exosomes induced their permeabilization, irrespective of the presence of tau seeds, or whether the exosomal preparations originated from mouse brains or HEK293T cells. We also found that permeabilization is a conserved mechanism, operating in both non-neuronal tau biosensor cells and primary neurons. However, permeabilization of endolysosomes only occurred in a small fraction of cells, which supports the notion that permeabilization occurs by a thresholded mechanism. Interestingly, tau aggregation was only induced in cells that exhibited permeabilization, presenting this as an escape route of exosomal tau seeds into the cytosol. Overexpression of RAB7, which is required for the formation of endolysosomes, strongly increased tau aggregation. Conversely, inhibition of lysosomal function with alkalinizing agents, or by knocking-down RAB7, decreased tau aggregation. Together, we conclude that the enzymatic activities of lysosomes permeabilize exosomal and endosomal membranes, thereby facilitating access of exosomal tau seeds to cytosolic tau to induce its aggregation. Our data underscore the importance of endosomal membrane integrity in mechanisms of cellular invasion by misfolded proteins that are resistant to lysosomal degradation.
Impact of tourniquet during knee arthroplasty: a bayesian network meta-analysis of peri-operative outcomes
Authors: Migliorini Filippo , Maffulli Nicola , Aretini Paolo , Trivellas Andromahi , Tingart Markus , Eschweiler Jörg , Baroncini Alice 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction
The role of tourniquet during knee arthroplasty is controversial. The present study compares various tourniquet protocols using a Bayesian network meta-analysis of peri-operative data.

Material and methods
The present study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA extension statement for reporting systematic reviews incorporating network meta-analyses of health interventions. The literature search was conducted in September 2020. All clinical trials investigating the role of tourniquet in knee arthroplasty were considered for inclusion. Methodological quality was assessed using Review Manager 5.3. A Bayesian hierarchical random-effects model analysis was used in all comparisons.

Results
Ultimately, pooled data from 68 studies (7413 procedures) were analysed. Significant inconsistency was found in the data relating to total estimated blood lost; no assumption could be made on this outcome. Full-time tourniquet resulted in the shortest surgical duration and lowest intra-operative blood lost, in both cases followed by incision-to-suture. The incision-to-suture protocol achieved the smallest drop in haemoglobin during the first 72 h post-operatively and the lowest rate of blood transfusion, both followed by full-time tourniquet. Hospitalisation was shortest in the absence (no-tourniquet) group, followed by the cementation-to-end group.

Conclusion
For knee arthroplasty, longer tourniquet use is associated with the shorter duration of surgery, lower intra-operative blood lost, lower drops in haemoglobin and fewer transfusion units. The shortest average hospitalisation was associated with no tourniquet use.
Einstein on involutions in projective geometry
Authors: Sauer Tilman , Schütz Tobias 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe discuss Einstein’s knowledge of projective geometry. We show that two pages of Einstein’s Scratch Notebook from around 1912 with geometrical sketches can directly be associated with similar sketches in manuscript pages dating from his Princeton years. By this correspondence, we show that the sketches are all related to a common theme, the discussion of involution in a projective geometry setting with particular emphasis on the infinite point. We offer a conjecture as to the probable purpose of these geometric considerations.
CPSDebug: Automatic failure explanation in CPS models
Authors: Bartocci Ezio , Manjunath Niveditha , Mariani Leonardo , Mateis Cristinel , Ničković Dejan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDebugging cyber-physical system (CPS) models is a cumbersome and costly activity. CPS models combine continuous and discrete dynamics—a fault in a physical component manifests itself in a very different way than a fault in a state machine. Furthermore, faults can propagate both in time and space before they can be detected at the observable interface of the model. As a consequence, explaining the reason of an observed failure is challenging and often requires domain-specific knowledge. In this paper, we propose approach, a novel CPSDebug that combines testing, specification mining, and failure analysis, to automatically explain failures in Simulink/Stateflow models. In particular, we address the hybrid nature of CPS models by using different methods to infer properties from continuous and discrete state variables of the model. We evaluate CPSDebug on two case studies, involving two main scenarios and several classes of faults, demonstrating the potential value of our approach.
Untersuchungen zum wirksamen Reibdurchmesser in der Auflage für Verschraubungen mit Keilsicherungsscheiben aus Kohlenstoffstahl
Authors: Denkert Christian , Ganschow Jörg , Henkel Knuth-Michael 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungIm Maschinenbau sowie im Stahl- und Metallbau gehört das Verschrauben zu den am weitesten verbreiteten Verfahren, um einzelne Bauteile miteinander zu fügen. Einerseits gewährleisten Verschraubungen eine flexible Montage und Demontage auch abseits von Fertigungs- und Werkstattkapazitäten auf Baustellen oder im „Feld“. Andererseits sind große Konstruktionen in zerlegbaren Baugruppen einfacher transportabel, was einen entscheidenden logistischen Vorteil geschraubter Verbindungen darstellt. Verglichen mit Schweißkonstruktionen entfällt beim Schrauben zudem eine Wärmeeinbringung in die Bauteile. Veränderungen des Werkstoffgefüges, Bauteilverzug sowie die Vor- und Nacharbeiten am Korrosionsschutz müssen bei Schraubenverbindungen nicht in besonderem Ausmaß berücksichtigt werden. Auch das Fügen unterschiedlicher Werkstoffe gelingt mit Schraubenverbindungen vorteilhaft. Neben den Vorteilen müssen jedoch auch die inhärenten Nachteile erwähnt werden. Verschraubungen sind im Allgemeinen auf eine Vorspannkraft angewiesen. Als nachteilig ist anzusehen, dass die Vorspannkraft hierbei stark vom gewählten Montageverfahren abhängt und u. U. starke Streuungen aufweist. Um ein selbsttätiges Losdrehen zu unterbinden, werden bisweilen Keilsicherungsscheiben als wirksame Sicherungsmaßnahme für Verschraubungen eingesetzt. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt Ergebnisse aus Drehmoment/Vorspannkraft-Versuchen mit Keilsicherungsscheiben vor. Hierfür wird der Auflagereibdurchmesser unter Berücksichtigung der Auflagereibungsmomente in Abhängigkeit der Montagevorspannkraft experimentell bestimmt und ausgewertet.
Systemic Explanations of Scientific Misconduct: Provoked by Spectacular Cases of Norm Violation?
Authors: Huistra Pieter , Paul Herman 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the past two decades, individual explanations of scientific misconduct (‘bad apples’) have increasingly given way to systemic explanations (‘bad systems’). Where did this interest in systemic factors (publication pressure, competition for research funding) come from? Given that research ethicists often present their interventions as responses to scientific misconduct, this article tests the hypothesis that these systemic explanations were triggered by high-visibility cases of scientific norm violation. It does so by examining why Dutch scientists in 2011 explained Diederik Stapel’s grand-scale data fabrication largely in systemic terms, whereas only fifteen years earlier, in the René Diekstra affair (1996), such explanations had been close to absent. Drawing on a wealth of historical sources, the article suggests that cases like Stapel’s as such do not explain why early 21st-century commentators exchanged individual explanations for systemic ones. Only against the background of an existing discourse of criticism of the science system, developed in the 1990s and 2000s in response to rapidly increasing competition for research funding, could the Stapel affair achieve notoriety as an example of how systemic factors provoke bad conduct.
Effects of weeding and fertilization on soil biology and biochemical processes and tree growth in a mixed stand of Dalbergia odorifera and Santalum album
Authors: Zhang Peng , Li Xiaofei , Xue Shiyu , Cui Zhiyi , Xu Daping , Yang Zengjiang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn southern China, the eucalyptus plantation industry has been severely restricted by government policy over concerns on negative environmental impacts. In its place, large-scale plantations of high-value tropical tree species such as nitrogen-fixing Dalbergia odorifera and hemiparasite Santalum album have been widely cultivated including in mixed-species plantations. However, despite their poor growth, little information is available on suitable silvicultural practices of these plantations. Therefore, we subjected an 8-year-old mixed stand of D. odorifera and S. album to weeding, fertilization, weeding + fertilization, or no (CK) treatments and measured soil microbial biomass, respiration, nutrients, nitrogen mineralization and leaching and tree growth and litter production. Weeding and fertilization decreased microbial biomass but increased soil respiration, inhibited mineralization, had not effect on leaching of soil nitrogen, and improved the nutrient status of plantation soil. All practices improved the growth of D. odorifera. In the mixed plantation, fertilization increased litter production and nutrient content, but weeding and weeding + fertilization decreased growth of S. album and litter production in mixed plantation because weeding decreased the number of S. album haustoria in underground plant roots. In conclusion, fertilization is recommended; however, weeding-related practices are inappropriate for D. odorifera and S. album mixed plantations. These conclusions have important implications for managing other parasite or mixed-species plantations.
Compensatory and overcompensatory dynamics in prey–predator systems exposed to harvest
Authors: Wikan Arild , Kristensen Ørjan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDensity dependent prey–predator systems under the impact of harvest are considered. The recruitment functions for both the prey and predator belong to the Deriso–Schnute family which allow us to study how the dynamical behaviour of both populations changes when compensatory density dependence turns overcompensatory. Depending on the degree of overcompensation, we show in the case of no harvest that an increase of the fecundity of the prey always acts in a destabilizing fashion. If the degree of overcompensation becomes sufficiently large, such an increase can lead to large amplitude chaotic oscillations of the prey, which actually may drive the predator population to extinction. The impact of harvest also depends on the degree of overcompensatory density dependence. If only the prey is the target population, increased harvest in general seems to stabilize the dynamics. On the other hand, harvesting only the predator may in some cases tend to stabilize dynamics, but there are also parameter regions where this turns out to be a strong destabilizing effect.
A Systematic Review of Palpitations Prevalence by Menopausal Status
Authors: Carpenter Janet S. , Sheng Ying , Elomba Charles D. , Alwine Jennifer S. , Yue Min , Pike Caitlin A. , Chen Chen X. , Tisdale James E. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose of the Review
The purpose was to systematically review evidence on the prevalence of palpitations by menopausal stage. Palpitations are a feeling of missed, irregular, or exaggerated heart beats.

Recent Findings
Carefully delineated search, screening, and data extraction strategies resulted in five articles for review. Articles offered cross-sectional findings from menopausal symptom surveys from five countries between 1974 and 2011 with clinic- and community-based samples of premenopausal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal women. Reported studies were good (n = 2) to fair (n = 3) quality with low (n = 2) to moderate (n = 3) bias. Menopausal palpitations were not the focus of any study but were assessed as a single item of heart racing, pounding, or discomfort over the past 2 weeks, month, or year. Palpitations prevalence rates by menopausal stage were 3.7 to 40.2% premenopausal, 20.1 to 40.2% perimenopausal, and 15.7 to 54.1% postmenopausal. Three of five articles showed that compared with premenopausal and postmenopausal women, palpitation prevalence was significantly higher among perimenopausal and surgically postmenopausal women.

Summary
Good-quality evidence on palpitation prevalence by menopausal stage is limited but suggests that physiological changes of menopause may play a role in this symptom. Measurement varied, suggesting a need to standardize the assessment of menopausal palpitations. The review findings suggest a strong need for clinicians and researchers to collaborate to standardize documentation of menopausal palpitations across the menopause transition.
What is the best long-term treatment modality for immature permanent teeth with pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis?
Authors: Wikström A. , Brundin M. , Lopes M. F. , El Sayed M. , Tsilingaridis G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate and assess the current knowledge about apexification and regenerative techniques as a meaningful treatment modality and to map the scientific evidence for the efficacy of both methods for the management of traumatised immature teeth with pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis.MethodsThis systematic review searched five databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Ovid (Medline), and Embase. Published articles written in English were considered for inclusion. The following keywords were used: Regenerative endodontic treatment OR regenerat* OR revital* OR endodontic regeneration OR regenerative endodontics OR pulp revascularization OR revasculari* OR ‘traumatized immature teeth’. Only peer-reviewed studies with a study size of at least 20 cases followed up for 24 months were included. Eligibility assessment was performed independently in a blinded manner by three reviewers and disagreements were resolved by consensus. Subgroup analyses were performed on three clinical outcomes: survival, success, and continued root development.ResultsSeven full texts out of 1359 citations were included and conventional content analysis was performed. Most of the identified citations were case reports and case series.ConclusionsIn the present systematic review, the qualitative analysis revealed that both regenerative and apexification techniques had equal rates of success and survival and proved to be effective in the treatment of immature necrotic permanent teeth. Endodontic regenerative techniques appear to be superior to apexification techniques in terms of stimulation of root maturation, i.e. root wall thickening and root lengthening. Knowledge gaps were identified regarding the treatment and follow-up protocols for both techniques.
Superlubricity of molybdenum disulfide subjected to large compressive strains
Authors: Wu Shengcong , Meng Zhisen , Tao Xiaoma , Wang Zhao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe friction between a molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) nanoflake and a MoS2 substrate was analyzed using a modified Tomlinson model based on atomistic force fields. The calculations performed in the study suggest that large deformations in the substrate can induce a dramatic decrease in the friction between the nanoflake and the substrate to produce the so-called superlubricity. The coefficient of friction decreases by 1–4 orders of magnitude when a high strain exceeding 0.1 is applied. This friction reduction is strongly anisotropic. For example, the reduction is most pronounced in the compressive regime when the nanoflake slides along the zigzag crystalline direction of the substrate. In other sliding directions, the coefficient of friction will reduce to its lowest value either when a high tensile strain is applied along the zigzag direction or when a high compressive strain is applied along the armchair direction. This anisotropy is correlated with the atomic configurations of MoS2.
Joint Estimation of Inconsistency and State of Health for Series Battery Packs
Authors: Che Yunhong , Foley Aoife , El-Gindy Moustafa , Lin Xianke , Hu Xiaosong , Pecht Michael 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBattery packs are applied in various areas (e.g., electric vehicles, energy storage, space, mining, etc.), which requires the state of health (SOH) to be accurately estimated. Inconsistency, also known as cell variation, is considered a significant evaluation index that greatly affects the degradation of battery pack. This paper proposes a novel joint inconsistency and SOH estimation method under cycling, which fills the gap of joint estimation based on the fast-charging process for electric vehicles. First, fifteen features are extracted from current change points during the partial charging process. Then, a joint estimation system is designed, where fusion weights are obtained by the analytic hierarchy process and multi-scale sample entropy to evaluate inconsistency. A wrapper is used to select the optimal feature subset, and Gaussian process regression is implemented to estimate the SOH. Finally, the estimation performance is assessed by the test data. The results show that the inconsistency evaluation can reflect the aging conditions, and the inconsistency does affect the aging process. The wrapper selection method improves the accuracy of SOH estimation by about 75.8% compared to the traditional filter method when only 10% of data is used for model training. The maximum absolute error and root mean square error are 2.58% and 0.93%, respectively.
A Novel Electric Dual Motor Transmission for Heavy Commercial Vehicles
Authors: Xu Xiangyang , Liang Jiajia , Hao Qingjun , Dong Peng , Wang Shuhan , Guo Wei , Liu Yanfang , Lu Zhonghua , Geng Jiantao , Yan Bin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAs a vital vehicle part, the powertrain system is undergoing a fast transition towards electrification. The new integrated electric drive system has been widely used, especially for passenger cars. In this work, a novel electric dual motor transmission is proposed for heavy commercial vehicles. The transmission scheme is firstly introduced, which can achieve 9 different operating modes including 5 single motor modes and 4 dual motor modes. Then, the mode shift map with minimum energy consumption is designed based on the motor efficiency map and the proposed energy management strategy. The driving power is appropriately distributed between the two motors in dual motor modes under the condition of minimum power consumption. In addition, a coordinated control strategy is developed for mode shift control without power interruption. The results show that the electric dual motor transmission has advantages in power consumption and power shift ability compared with the conventional single motor automated manual transmission.