bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ribes himalense as potential source of natural bioactive compounds: Nutritional, phytochemical, and antioxidant properties
Authors: Sun Qing , Wang Na , Xu Wenhua , Zhou Huakun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRibes himalense Royle ex Decne. (family Saxifraaceae, subfamily Grossulariaceae, genus Ribes) is a wild berry fruit with illustrated health‐promoting features, which widely distributed in Northwest China are deficiently exploited. This study aimed to assess the potential of a Ribes himalense as a source of natural bioactive compounds through characterizing its nutraceutical characteristics, phytochemicals properties, and antioxidant ability. Fresh berries were quantitatively analyzed for proximate composition, minerals, vitamins, amino acids, total polyphenols, total flavonoids, anthocyanins, procyanidin, and polysaccharides contents through China National Food Safety Standard; the characterization and identification of extracts of wild berries obtained with ethanol 30%, ethanol 50%, and ethanol 95% were firstly performed by UPLC‐Triple‐TOF‐MS2. Furthermore, antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract was evaluated via different assay methods such as DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP. The results indicated that the most important bioactive composition was procyanidin (0.72%), polyphenols (0.49%), total flavonoids (0.38%), vitamin C (64.6 mg/100g FW), and K (218.44 mg/100 g FW), and a total of 95 compounds were detected with polyphenols, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins as the dominant, and also ethanol extract possessed stronger antioxidant activity. These results suggested that Ribes himalense fruit has great potential in protecting human health, with the focus on the development of functional products.
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland: Twenty‐year experience in treatment and outcomes
Authors: Chan Stephen A. , Van Abel Kathryn M. , Lewis Jean E. , Routman David M. , Garcia Joaquin J. , Karp Emily E. , Price Daniel L. , Janus Jeffrey R. , Kasperbauer Jan L. , Moore Eric J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundParotid gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) has published five‐year cancer‐specific survival (CSS) rates of 77%–97%, with variance related to grade.MethodsPatients receiving primary surgery for parotid gland MEC from 1995 to 2014 at a tertiary medical center underwent clinical review, histopathologic review, and cytogenetic analysis. Survival outcomes were evaluated.ResultsAmong 58 patients, T/N/M classification was as follows: T1 in 35 patients, T2 in 14, T4a in 9, N0 in 53, N1 in 2, N2b in 3. Histologic grade was low in 27, intermediate in 17, and high in 12 patients with 98% MAML2 positivity. All patients underwent parotidectomy, and seven patients received adjuvant radiation therapy. CSS was 100% at 5 years and 94.1% at 10 and 15 years. Two patients experienced locoregional recurrence.ConclusionsTreatment with adequate surgical resection and adjuvant radiation therapy for high‐grade or advanced‐stage tumors yields excellent survival, independent of clinical stage or pathologic grade.
Cell‐based model systems for genome instability: Dissecting the mechanistic basis of chromothripsis in cancer
Authors: Kolb Thorsten , Ernst Aurélie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChromothripsis is a form of genomic instability that was shown to play a major role in cancer. Beyond cancer, this type of catastrophic event is also involved in germline structural variation, genome mosaicism in somatic tissues, infertility, mental retardation, congenital malformations and reproductive development in plants. Several assays have been developed to model chromothripsis in vitro and to dissect the mechanistic basis of this phenomenon. Cell‐based model systems are designed with different strategies, such as the formation of nuclear structures called micronuclei, telomere fusions or the induction of exogenous DNA double‐strand breaks. Here, we review a range of model systems for chromothripsis and the mechanistic insights gained from these assays, with a particular focus on chromothripsis in cancer.
Understanding women's wage growth using indirect inference with importance sampling
Authors: Sauer Robert M. , Taber Christopher 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThe goal of this work is to investigate the effects of time out of the labor market for childcare on women's lifecycle wage growth. We develop a dynamic lifecycle model of human capital, fertility, and labor supply for women. We estimate by indirect inference using importance sampling and formalize the use of this procedure. The results indicate a modest effect of fertility‐induced non‐employment spells on human capital accumulation. The difference in human capital among prime‐age women would be approximately 2.4% higher at its peak if the relationship between fertility and working were eliminated, and 4.7% higher if the relationship between marriage and fertility was also eliminated.
The brief sense of community scale: Testing dimensionality and measurement invariance by gender among Hispanic/Latinx youth
Authors: Lardier David T. , Opara Ijeoma , Cantu Irene , Garcia‐Reid Pauline , Reid Robert J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPsychological sense of community is defined as feelings of belongingness and a shared belief that community members will meet one another's needs. Psychological sense of community has four dimensions: membership, influence, needs fulfillment, and emotional connection. In this study, multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the first and second‐order factor structure of the brief sense of community scale (BSCS) between male and female Hispanic/Latinx adolescents from an urban community (N = 947). To help validate the BSCS model, the second‐order factor model was tested with regression to predict the measures of intrapersonal psychological empowerment and ethnic identity, as constructs conceptually related to psychological sense of community. Findings support that: (1) psychological sense of community can be measured through the BSCS and as a four‐factor model among Hispanic/Latinx youth, supporting McMillan and Chavis's (1986) original theoretical discussions; (2) while no differences between genders were present at the model‐level, there was path‐specific variation; and (3) intrapersonal psychological empowerment and ethnic identity were associated with psychological sense of community.
Opinions of adults affected with later‐onset lysosomal storage diseases regarding newborn screening: A qualitative study
Authors: Lisi Emily C. , Ali Nadia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a heterogeneous group of conditions causing substrate accumulation leading to progressive organ damage. Newborn screening (NBS) for several LSDs has become available in recent years due to advances in technology and treatment availability. While early initiation of treatment is lifesaving for those with infantile presentations, controversy continues regarding diagnosis of milder, later‐onset diseases in infancy, including creation of pre‐symptomatic populations of ‘patients‐in‐waiting’, the potential for medicalization, stigmatization, and/or discrimination. In‐depth interviews were conducted with 36 adults [11 with Fabry disease (FD), 8 with Gaucher disease (GD), and 17 with late‐onset Pompe disease (LOPD)], to determine their perspectives on NBS for their respective conditions. Thirty‐four of 36 participants were in favor of NBS; both participants not in favor had GD1. Emergent themes influencing participants favorably toward NBS included earlier age of onset, a long diagnostic odyssey, less efficacious treatment, and the desire to have made different life decisions (e.g., relationships, career, or lifestyle) with the knowledge of their diagnosis. Concerns about insurance discrimination and psychological or physical burdens were associated with less favorable opinions of NBS. The ability for parents to make future reproductive decisions based their child's NBS result was considered favorably by some participants and unfavorably by others. Participants’ specific condition (GD1, FD, or LOPD) contributed to these experiences differently. Participants with LOPD and FD favored NBS to initiate earlier treatment and prevent irreversible organ damage, whereas fewer patients with GD1 mentioned this benefit. Participants with LOPD had the longest diagnostic odyssey, while those with FD were more likely to report feeling misunderstood and experiencing accusations of malingering, both contributing to favorable views of NBS. Results expand prior quantitative findings by illuminating how participants’ lived experiences can shape opinions about NBS. By understanding how currently affected individuals perceive the lifelong impact of a NBS result, genetic counselors can provide better anticipatory guidance to the parents of individuals diagnosed with a later‐onset LSD by NBS.
Video consultations during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic are associated with high satisfaction for both doctors and patients
Authors: Zorron Cheng Tao Pu Leonardo , Raval Manjri , Terbah Ryma , Singh Gurpreet , Rajadurai Anton , Vaughan Rhys , Efthymiou Marios , Chandran Sujievvan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and AimTelehealth has become the standard of care during the COVID‐19 outbreak. This study aimed to assess doctor and patient satisfaction of endoscopy‐related telehealth clinics with video consultations.MethodsA prospective observational study of patients consecutively booked to attend two endoscopy‐related telehealth clinics at an ambulatory tertiary care setting was conducted from July to October 2020. Data collected from our previously published study using phone consultations (data collected in April–May 2020) were used as a control arm. The primary outcome (satisfaction) was assessed through the six‐question score (6Q_score) as per previous research. Secondary outcomes included failure‐to‐attend (FTA) rate and perceived necessity of physical examination/in‐person follow‐up appointment.ResultsThere were 962 endoscopy clinic appointments between July and October, of which 157 were conducted through video. Data on 127 doctor questionnaires and 94 patient questionnaires were analyzed. The median age (years) of patients reviewed via video [57, interquartile range (IQR) 48–66] was lower than those reviewed via phone (65, IQR 55–74, P < 0.01). Patient average 6Q_score was higher with video compared to phone (85.1% vs 78.4%, P = 0.01), as was doctors' 6Q_score (97.5% vs 91.9%, P = 0.02). FTA rates remained similar between the two assessments (6.4% in April/May and 4.4% between July/October, P = 0.12). The requirement for in‐person follow‐up/physical examination was identified in two video consultations (1.6%).ConclusionVideo consultations during the COVID‐19 outbreak demonstrated higher patient and doctor satisfaction compared to phone consultations. There was no significant difference in FTA rates and need for in‐person follow‐up consultations/physical examination between the telehealth two modalities.
Follicular regulatory T cell biology and its role in immune-mediated diseases
Authors: Ye Yishan , Wang Mowang , Huang He 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFollicular regulatory T (Tfr) cells are recently found to be a special subgroup of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Tfr cells play an important role in regulating the germinal center (GC) response, especially modulating follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and GC-B cells, thereby affecting the production of antibodies. Tfr cells are involved in the generation and development of many immune-related and inflammatory diseases. This article summarizes the advances in several aspects of Tfr cell biology, with special focus on definition and phenotype, development and differentiation, regulatory factors, functions, and interactions with T/B cells and molecules involved in performance and regulation of Tfr function. Finally, we highlight the current understanding of Tfr cells involvement in autoimmunity and alloreactivity, and describe some drugs targeting Tfr cells. These latest studies have answered some basic questions in Tfr cell biology and explored the roles of Tfr cells in immune-mediated diseases.
Thirty percent ethanol locks ineffective in preventing central line–associated bloodstream infection in pediatric intestinal rehabilitation patients
Authors: Mohandas Anisha , Isava‐Quintero Alejandro , Duro Debora 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundIntestinal failure patients dependent on parental nutrition are reliant on central venous catheters and are at increased risk for central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI). Seventy percent ethanol has been widely used for prophylaxis; however, it is known to have multiple adverse effects. This study demonstrates the implementation of a 30% ethanol lock protocol for CLABSI prevention in a community‐based hospital intestinal rehabilitation program.MethodsThis case series reports rates of CLABSI, compromised central venous catheter, and analysis of community bacterial pathogens.ResultsA 42.1% increase in CLABSI and a 125% increase in compromised central venous catheters were noted after initiation of the 30% ethanol lock protocol.ConclusionIt can be concluded that for the pediatric intestinal rehabilitation patient, 30% ethanol did not provide adequate CLABSI prophylaxis. This study indicates the need for larger sample sizes or the use of other concentrations of ethanol locks ranging between 30% and 70%.
Development of expert working groups and a learning management system within the Australian National Fabrication Facility
Authors: Jarvis Karyn , Macky Stephanie , Fitzpatrick Jane 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Australian National Fabrication Facility (ANFF) is a federally funded facility that provides real open access to state‐of‐the‐art microfabrication and nanofabrication facilities for both academic and industry researchers. The ANFF network has over 500 instruments spread across 20 sites in Australia. Since its inception in 2007, ANFF has grown to approximately 3000 users and 200,000 user hours per year. As ANFF operations are spread across eight geographically separated nodes, such growth has demonstrated the need for more consistent processes across the organization. An expert working group program is being implemented to facilitate knowledge sharing between ANFF nodes within instrument groups. The development of an online learning management system is in progress to standardize training across ANFF to create a consistent learning experience. The goals of these two initiatives are to increase communication, share knowledge, standardize processes, reduce duplication, and increase quality across the Australia wide ANFF network.
Patients' Perceptions of Resident Surgeon Involvement in Otolaryngology
Authors: Urban Matthew J. , Brown Hannah J. , Kim Jae , Eggerstedt Michael , Debettencourt Joseph B. , Husain Inna , Papagiannopoulos Peter , Tajudeen Bobby A. , Batra Pete S. , LoSavio Phillip S. 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesTo assess patient acceptance of resident involvement in otolaryngologic procedures and to evaluate the impact of a written preoperative educational pamphlet.Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsThis is a prospective survey study at a large tertiary care academic center. In addition to standard perioperative instructions and informed consent, 87 out of 183 patients received a pamphlet with information on the role of the otolaryngology resident.ResultsGreater than 90% of all patients surveyed recognized that resident physicians are directly involved in delivering care at teaching hospitals and may have assisted in their surgical procedure. Ninety percent of patients receiving educational pamphlets were aware residents may have performed portions of their procedure versus 71% in the control group (P = .001). Ninety‐seven percent of patients receiving pamphlets wanted to know how much of their procedure was performed by a resident versus 71% of the control group (P < .001), and patients undergoing single‐surgeon procedures were less likely to want to know how much was performed by a resident (P < .05). Ninety‐six percent in the pamphlet group agreed that residents improved the quality of their care versus 79% of the control group (P = .001).DiscussionResident surgeons are well received by the large majority of otolaryngology patients. Structured perioperative information regarding surgical training facilitates an honest and open informed consent discussion between the patient and surgeon and helps to establish a solid foundation of trust.ConclusionImplementation of this practice is simple and inexpensive. It should be considered for any clinical practice with a focus on surgical education.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:2448–2454, 2021
Getting what is needed, when it's needed: Sharing information, knowledge, and know‐how in a Collaborative Learning Health System
Authors: Keck Christian , Hartley David M. , Havens Mary , Margolis Peter A. , Seid Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundCollaborative Learning Health Systems (CLHS) improve outcomes in part by facilitating collaboration among all stakeholders. One way to facilitate collaboration is by creating conditions for the production and sharing of medical and non‐medical resources (information, knowledge, and knowhow [IKK]) so anybody can get “what is needed, when it's needed” (WINWIN) to act in ways that improve health and healthcare. Matching resources to needs can facilitate accurate diagnosis, appropriate prescribing, answered questions, provision of emotional and social support, and uptake of innovations.ObjectivesWe describe efforts in ImproveCareNow, a CLHS improving outcomes in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), to increase the number of patients and families creating and accessing IKK, and the challenges faced in that process.MethodsWe applied tactics such as outreach through trusted messengers, community organizing, and digital outreach such as sharing resources on our website, via social media, and email to increase the number of people producing, able to access, and accessing IKK. We applied an existing measurement system to track our progress and supplemented this with community feedback.ResultsIn August of 2017 we identified and began measuring specific actions to track community growth. The number of patients and families producing IKK has increased by a factor of 2.7, using resources has increased by a factor of 4.1 and aware of resources as increased by a factor of 4.0. We identified challenges to measurement and scaling.ConclusionsIt is possible to intentionally increase the number of patients and caregivers engaged with a CHLS to produce and share resources to improve their health.
Organocatalytic Ring‐Opening Alternating Copolymerization of Epoxides and Cyclic Anhydrides by a Simple Organobase/Urea Binary Catalyst
Authors: Zhu Xingji , Wang Rui , Kou Xinhui , Liu Fusheng , Shen Yong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlthough several organocatalysts have been reported for the efficient ring‐opening alternating copolymerization (ROAC) of epoxides and cyclic anhydrides, the low catalytic activity still remains as a problem. Thus, there is still a motivation to develop new simple and high active organocatalysts. In this contribution, an organic cyclic trimeric phosphazene base (CTPB) is used as catalyst in combination with different ureas for the ROAC of phthalic anhydride with a variety of epoxides. The CTPB/urea binary catalysts exhibit high catalytic activities, producing perfectly alternating polyesters without formation of ether linkages. Polyesters with diverse structures, well‐defined chain‐ends, as well as low dispersities are successfully obtained.
On the lack of interior regularity of the p‐Poisson problem with p>2
Authors: Weimar Markus 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this note we are concerned with interior regularity properties of the p‐Poisson problem with . For all we constuct right‐hand sides f of differentiability such that the (Besov‐) smoothness of corresponding solutions u is essentially limited to . The statements are of local nature and cover all integrability parameters. They particularly imply the optimality of a shift theorem due to Savaré [J. Funct. Anal. 152
(1998), 176–201], as well as of some recent Besov regularity results of Dahlke et al. [Nonlinear Anal. 130 (2016), 298–329].
Accuracy and reproducibility of effective atomic number and electron density measurements from sequential dual energy CT
Authors: Schaeffer Colin J. , Leon Stephanie M. , Olguin Catherine A. , Arreola Manuel M. 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThis study assesses the accuracy of effective atomic number (Zeff) and electron density measurements acquired from dual energy CT and characterizes the response to clinically relevant variables representative of challenges in patient imaging, including: phantom size, material position within the phantom, variation over time, off‐center positioning, and large cone beam angle.MethodsThe Gammex Multi‐Energy CT head and body phantoms were used to measure Zeff and electron density from 35 rod inserts that mimic tissues and varying concentrations of iodine and calcium. Scans were performed on a Canon Aquilion ONE Genesis CT scanner over a period of 6 months using default dual energy protocols appropriate for each phantom size. Theoretical Zeff and electron density values were calculated using data provided by the phantom manufacturer and compared to the measurements. Sources of variance were separated and quantified to identify the influences of random photon statistics, ROI placement, and variation over time. A subset of measurements were repeated with the phantom shifted in the vertical and horizontal directions, and over all slices in the volumetric scan.ResultsAll measurements showed strong correlation (r > 0.98) with their corresponding theoretical values; however, the system did demonstrate a bias of −0.58 atomic units in the body phantom and 0.28 atomic units in the head phantom for Zeff measurements. The mean absolute percent error (MAPE) was 6.3% for the body phantom and 3.2% for the head phantom. Electron density measurements of the body and head phantoms gave MAPE values of 4.6% and 1.0%, respectively. Zeff and electron density measurements significantly varied within the solid water background, showing a positional dependence within the phantom that dominated the total standard deviation in measurements. Zeff values dropped by 0.2 atomic units when the phantom was off‐center; electron density measurements were less affected by phantom position. Along the z‐axis, the accuracy drops off markedly at more than 50‐60 mm from the central slice.ConclusionThe Canon dual energy system offers an accurate way of measuring the Zeff and electron density of clinically relevant materials. Accuracy could be improved further by calibration to remove bias, careful attention to centering within the FOV, and avoiding measurements at the edges of the cone beam.
A survey of coping strategies among clinical nurses in China during the early stage of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Tang Jiao , Zhang You , Xiong Fangfang , Li Fuying , Zheng Zehong , Gao Xi , Luo Zhongchen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsTo investigate coping strategies and identify their associated factors among Chinese clinical nurses during the early stage of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsThis study was conducted in seven designated hospitals involved in the diagnosis and treatment of the coronavirus disease 2019 in the southwest of China between 1 February and 31 March, 2020. Multiple linear regression was conducted to explore the association of different factors with the coping strategies of nurses.ResultsNurses’ positive coping was associated with higher psychological capital (B = 0.185, 95% CI 0.158–0.213), social support (B = 0.292, 95% CI 0.244–0.340) and lower frustration (B = −0.065, 95% CI −0.123 to −0.007). In contrast, higher frustration (B = 0.091, 95% CI 0.044–0.139), lower performance (B = −0.054, 95% CI −0.101 to −0.007) and psychological capital (B = −0.035, 95% CI −0.055 to −0.014) were associated with negative coping.