bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD44 enhances adriamycin resistance in chronic myelogenous leukaemia cells K562
Authors: Li Juan , Zhang Yanfang , Cui Yubo , Jin Honghua , Lin Zhenhua , Piao Yingshi , Jin Jingchun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionTo investigate CD44 effects on the adriamycin‐resistant in chronic myelogenous leukaemia cells K562, we explored the role of CD44 in the K562 cells migration and apoptosis.MethodsGeneChip® screening is used for elucidating various chemoresistance‐related gene expression in the adriamycin‐resistant leukaemia cells K562/ADR. We constructed K562/CD44 cells by transfection of an EGFP‐SV40‐CD44 plasmid, and adriamycin‐resistant ability was confirmed by detecting migration and apoptosis‐related proteins and mRNA expression using Western blotting and Real‐time PCR respectively.ResultsK562/CD44 cells were generated by the transfection of an EGFP‐SV40‐CD44 plasmid with high CD44 expression. mRNA expression levels of CD44 and P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp), along with the proliferation rate, were increased, while the apoptosis rate of K562/CD44 cells was decreased. Migration‐associated proteins such as MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 were upregulated, whereas apoptosis‐related protein Bax was downregulated and Bcl‐2 protein was not significantly altered in the K562/CD44 cells.ConclusionsCD44 might be involved in adriamycin resistance via regulation of P‐gp, MMP‐2, MMP‐9, and Bcl‐2/Bax.
Transcriptome analysis revealsTORsignalling‐mediated plant flush shoots governingDiaphorina citriKuwayamaoviposition
Authors: Guo S.‐H. , Liu Y.‐M. , Wang Z.‐Y. , Wang F.‐F. , Mao Y.‐K. , Hu Y.‐W. , Han P. , Cuthbertson A. G. S. , Qiu B.‐L. , Sang W. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAsian Citrus Psyllid (ACP),Diaphorina citri, is a key vector transmitting the causative agent of Huanglongbing (HLB) disease. Population growth of ACP is evident after feeding on plant flush shoots, as they only oviposit here. However, the underlying mechanism as to why flush shoots govern oviposition is unclear. This study compares the fecundity and ovarian morphology of ACP between young flush and mature leaves. Furthermore, the transcriptome of mated females infestingMurraya paniculatawas analysed. Finally, the gene of the key Target of Rapamycin (TOR) signalling pathway was silenced by RNAi. Results indicated that flush shoot feeding activated the development of the psyllids ovary and therefore induced oviposition. A total of 126 and 2794 differentially expressed genes were detected at 1 and 5 days, respectively, after pest infestation of flush shoots compared to mature leaves. Many genes are involved in protein metabolism, Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway, hormone synthesis, and TOR signalling pathway: all thought to activate reproduction. Silencing of the positive regulator geneDcRhebin the TOR pathway resulted in lower levels of ecdysone and juvenile hormone and decreased vitellogenin synthesis, further disrupting reproductive ability. This study enhances understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying ACP's reproductive strategy.
Factors Associated with Employment Hope among North Korean Defectors in South Korea
Authors: Kim Yun Kyung , Jun Jin Yong , Song In Han , Hong Philip Young P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to examine various factors associated with employment hope among 702 North Korean defectors who newly entered the Settlement Support Center in South Korea. These defectors typical cross the border into China whose government does not grant them refugee status, considering them irregular economic migrants. Employment hope is a significant issue of concern as it has consistently been found to contribute to economic success for low‐income jobseekers in both South Korea and the United States. Four factors of the Employment Hope Scale (EHS) – psychological empowerment, futuristic self‐motivation, utilisation of skills and resources, and goal orientation – were used as dimensions of employment hope. Using a multivariate regression analysis, the results indicate that age, education, repatriation and time spent as irregular migrant significantly contributed to employment hope. We conclude that personal and escape‐related factors be considered contextually and deliberately in job training programs for newly arriving North Korean defectors.
IL‐10 alleviates lipopolysaccharide‐induced skin scarring via IL‐10R/STAT3 axis regulating TLR4/NF‐κB pathway in dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Shi Jihong , Shi Shan , Xie Wenbo , Zhao Ming , Li Yan , Zhang Jian , Li Na , Bai Xiaozhi , Cai Weixia , Hu Xiaolong , Hu Dahai , Han Juntao , Guan Hao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHypertrophic scar (HS) is a severe fibrotic skin disease. It has always been a major problem in clinical treatment, mainly because its pathogenesis has not been well understood. The roles of bacterial contamination and prolonged wound inflammation were considered significant. IL‐10 is a potent anti‐inflammatory cytokine and plays a pivotal role in wound healing and scar formation. Here, we investigate whether IL‐10 alleviates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced inflammatory response and skin scarring and explore the possible mechanism of scar formation. Our results showed that the expression of TLR4 and pp65 was higher in HS and HS‐derived fibroblasts (HSFs) than their counterpart normal skin (NS) and NS‐derived fibroblasts (NSFs). LPS could up‐regulate the expression of TLR4, pp65, Col I, Col III and α‐SMA in NSFs, but IL‐10 could down‐regulate their expression in both HSFs and LPS‐induced NSFs. Blocking IL‐10 receptor (IL‐10R) or the phosphorylation of STAT3, their expression was up‐regulated. In addition, in vitro and in vivo models results showed that IL‐10 could alleviate LPS‐induced fibroblast‐populated collagen lattice (FPCL) contraction and scar formation. Therefore, IL‐10 alleviates LPS‐induced skin scarring via IL‐10R/STAT3 axis regulating TLR4/NF‐κB pathway in dermal fibroblasts by reducing ECM proteins deposition and the conversion of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. Our results indicate that IL‐10 can alleviate the LPS‐induced harmful effect on wound healing, reduce scar contracture, scar formation and skin fibrosis. Therefore, the down‐regulation of inflammation may lead to a suitable scar outcome and be a better option for improving scar quality.
Identification of two novel subgroups in patients with diabetes mellitus and their association with clinical outcomes: A two‐step cluster analysis
Authors: Xiong Xiao‐fen , Yang Yuan , Wei Ling , Xiao Ying , Li Li , Sun Lin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe aim of this study was to determine whether distinct subphenotypes of patients with type 2 diabetes in the European classification exist in Chinese populations, and to further establish novel subphenotypes more suitable for Chinese populations.Material and MethodsThe research retrospectively analyzed 5414 patients with type 2 diabetes from the National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases Diabetes Center in China, and a two‐step cluster analysis was carried out. First, we confirmed the European classification in Chinese populations by six parameters, including age at disease onset, body mass index, glycosylated hemoglobin, homeostatic model assessment 2 to estimate β‐cell function and insulin resistance, and glutamate decarboxylase antibodies. Furthermore, triglycerides and uric acid were added to refine the cluster analysis, and Cox regression was used to evaluate the risk of diabetic complications.ResultsJust three clusters were replicated in our cohort according to Emma Ahlqvist's European classification. When other variables were added to the cluster analysis, seven subgroups were identified, including five clusters of the European classification and two novel subgroups, namely, uric acid‐related diabetes and inheritance‐related diabetes. Compared with patients with inheritance‐related diabetes, patients with severe insulin‐resistant diabetes showed a higher risk of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, hypertension and chronic kidney disease, and the uric acid‐related diabetes subgroup showed a higher risk of coronary heart disease, cerebral vascular disease and end‐stage renal disease. Patients with severe insulin‐deficient diabetes showed a higher risk of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic foot than those with inheritance‐related diabetes. Furthermore, there were sex‐specific associations between subgroups and clinical outcomes. No significant difference was observed in the prevalence of cancer in each subgroup.ConclusionsSeven subgroups of type 2 diabetes were identified in Chinese populations, with distinct characteristics and disparate clinical outcomes. This etiology‐based stratification might contribute to the diagnosis and management of type 2 diabetes.
Antimicrobial peptides are not involved in Plutella xylostella resistance to Cry1Ac
Authors: Liao Wenyu , Lv Zhuohong , Zhang Shisheng , Guo Zhaojiang , Zhang Youjun , Yang Zhongxia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPrevious studies on Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) resistance in the diamondback moth (DBM) Plutella xylostella have often focused on receptor proteins in the gut. In recent years, many studies have indicated that insect resistance to Bt is related to the immune system. Moreover, our group demonstrated that the expression of peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) genes, which are located upstream of the insect humoral immune system signalling pathway, is significantly different between Cry1Ac‐resistant and Cry1Ac‐susceptible strains of DBM. Thus, whether antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are the major downstream effectors of the insect humoral immune system signalling pathway, are also related to the resistance of DBMs to Bt is a question worthy of in‐depth study. In the present study, we sought to (a) clone the CDS of AMP genes expressed in DBMs and (b) explore the effect of the cloned AMPs on the biological characteristics and Bt resistance of DBMs. Here, we revealed three kinds of AMPs (PxDef, PxMor and PxCec), and each of their full‐length CDSs was cloned. The recombinant PxDef, PxMor or PxCec proteins, which were expressed in a prokaryotic expression system, have a significant protective effect on DBMs in response to the complex microbial environment of the outside world but have no significant effect on the resistance of DBMs to Cry1Ac toxin. We believe that AMPs are not suitable as the primary entry point for studying the relationship between the immune system of DBMs and their resistance to Bt. This result will enable investigation of breakthrough ideas for further elucidating the mechanism of Bt impact on the insect immune system.
Contemporary diagnosis and management of dental erosion
Authors: Donovan Terence , Nguyen‐Ngoc Caroline , Abd Alraheam Islam , Irusa Karina 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis article is aimed at providing an overview of the topic of erosive tooth wear (ETW), highlighting the clinical signs, diagnosis, and management of dental erosion.OverviewWith the increased prevalence of ETW, it is important that oral health professionals are able to recognize the early signs. Early clinical signs of dental erosion are characterized by loss of enamel texture, a silky glossy appearance, and sometimes a dulling of the surface gloss, referred to as the “whipped clay effect, cupping, and restorations ‘standing proud’.”The progression of ETW should be monitored by means of diagnostic models or clinical photographs. ETW can be as a result of acid attack of extrinsic or intrinsic origin.ConclusionThere is an increase of ETW that is being recognized by the profession. The first step in diagnosing and management is to recognize as early as possible that the process is occurring. At that point a determination of whether the primary etiology is either intrinsic or extrinsic should be made. If these findings are confirmed, appropriate prevention, and management strategies can be adopted followed by appropriate restorative therapy.Clinical SignificanceThe prevalence of ETW continues to increase. It is therefore important that oral health care providers have a better understanding of the etiology, pathophysiology, and management of this condition. This review aims to provide the guidelines for diagnosis and management of dental erosion.
Mathematical modeling and computational fluid dynamics simulation of cabinet type solar dryer: Optimal temperature control
Authors: Chaudhari Vishal D. , Kulkarni Govind N. , Sewatkar Chandrashekhar M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe mathematical model for determination of auxiliary energy required to maintain set air temperature in the drying chamber is proposed for cabinet type solar dryer. The model is developed considering the heat exchanges across the dryer control volume with solar radiation intensity and set temperature as input. The sole purpose is to minimize the auxiliaries. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique is used to simulate the air flow inside the drying chamber for different operating conditions. The simulations results for the temperature are very close to the results from mathematical model. The dryer configuration discussed in illustrative example found to have minimum auxiliary consumption at 45°C with total auxiliary expense of 97.3 kWh per day. When applied to full calendar year, the optimum temperature is found to be function of ambient temperature and solar radiation intensity. The results obtained from mathematical model are found to be in well agreement with simulation results. The simulation results provide a region with 1.2 m to 1.6 m on X‐ordinate, 0.8 m to 1.0 m on Y‐ordinate and 0.7 m to 1.2 m and 3.7 m to 4.3 m on Z‐ordinate where average temperature can be sensed. It helps in modulating the auxiliary input/s in integration with solar heat.
Effects of androgenic properties of progestin combined with ethinyl estradiol on vascular endothelial reactivity, plasma lipids and free radical production in women with endometriosis
Authors: Sakurada Takahiro , Matsushita Hiroshi , Noguchi Yasuyuki , Shinohara Koichi , Watanabe Kazushi , Wakatsuki Akihiko 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimEndothelial reactivity is inhibited and oxidative stress is enhanced in women with endometriosis. Testosterone may adversely affect lipids and endothelium. We investigated the effects of androgenic properties of progestins combined with ethinyl estradiol (EE) on endothelial function, lipids and free radical production in such women.MethodsWomen with endometriosis were treated with 20 μg EE + 3 mg drospirenone (DRSP) or 35 μg EE + 1 mg norethisterone (NET) for 3 months. Plasma concentrations of sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG), lipids, copper (Cu), derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d‐ROMs), biological antioxidant potential (BAP), nitrite/nitrate, endothelin‐1 and asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) were measured before and after treatment. Flow‐mediated vasodilation (FMD) of the brachial artery was measured by ultrasonography.ResultsDRSP group, but not NET group, significantly increased FMD and concentrations of nitrite/nitrate and small dense LDL cholesterol, while decreased endothelin‐1 concentrations. In both groups, ADMA and LDL cholesterol concentrations were significantly decreased, but triglyceride, SHBG, d‐ROMs, Cu and ceruloplasmin concentrations increased, and BAP concentrations did not change. DRSP group significantly increased HDL cholesterol concentrations, whereas NET group decreased its concentrations. Changes in triglyceride correlated positively either with changes in SHBG (r = 0.57, P < 0.001) or with small dense LDL cholesterol (r = 0.45, P = 0.005). Changes in Cu correlated positively with changes in d‐ROMs (r = 0.87, P < 0.001).ConclusionAndrogenic properties of progestin may counteract EE's favorable effects on endothelial function and HDL cholesterol, while eliminating its adverse effects on increased triglyceride‐induced small dense LDL cholesterol in women with endometriosis.
Threonine incorporation in tissues of growing broiler chickens using L‐[15N] threonine
Authors: Suzuki Rafael Massami , Reis Matheus de Paula , Denadai Juliana Célia , Pacheco Letícia Graziele , Nascimento Carolina Cardoso Nagib , Sakomura Nilva Kazue 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMost amino acid requirement trials appear for whole‐body responses, but there is little information concerning amino acid incorporation in individual tissues, which may vary according to the age. L‐[15N] threonine was used to evaluate its incorporation rate and distribution among broiler tissues in different ages. Seventy‐two male broiler chickens were distributed into three different phases: starter (4 to 9 days old), grower (18 to 23 days old) and finisher phase (32 to 37 days old). L‐[15N] threonine was added on balanced diets, and birds were fed for five days in each phase. Enriched samples of breast muscle, feathers, liver, jejunum and plasma were collected at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hr after fed birds with the tracer in each phase. In the tissues were analysed dry matter, nitrogen and stable nitrogen. The 15N isotope abundance according to the time was fitted into exponential or linear equations using a same intercept. The ratio of the steepness or slope coefficients was determined to compare the L‐[15N] threonine incorporation according to the age. In addition, L‐[15N] threonine mass balances were performed to assess the L‐[15N] threonine distribution among the evaluated tissues. Except for feathers, the L‐[15N] threonine incorporation rate decreased with ageing. Taking into account the L‐[15N] threonine distribution in the tissues, only in the jejunum was not observed an increase as the broiler grew. The L‐[15N] incorporation varied in each tissue and according to the age of the broiler chickens. These outcomes could be useful to comprehend changes in amino acid requirements tissue‐specific according to age.
Metagenomic sequencing provides new insights into the subgingival bacteriome and aetiopathology of periodontitis
Authors: Ng Ethan , Tay John R. H. , Balan P. , Ong Marianne M. A. , Bostanci Nagihan , Belibasakis Georgios N. , Seneviratne Chaminda J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract“Open‐ended” molecular techniques such as 16S rRNA sequencing have revealed that the oral bacteriome of subgingival plaque is more diverse than originally thought. 16S rRNA analysis has demonstrated that constituents of the overall bacterial community are qualitatively similar in health and disease, differing mainly in their relative proportions with respect to each other. Species in low abundance can also act as critical species, leading to the concept of global community dysbiosis which relates to shifts in community structure, rather than shifts in membership. Correlation analysis suggests that coordinated interactions in the community are essential for incipient dysbiosis and disease pathogenesis. The subgingival bacteriome also provides biomarkers that are useful for disease detection and management. Combined with clinical and biological parameters, these may assist clinicians in developing and implementing effective treatment strategies to restore microbial homeostasis and monitor disease. Identification of higher risk groups or poor responders to treatment using unique subgingival bacteriome signatures may also lead to early intervention.
Expansion of dysfunctional CD56‐CD16+ NK cells in chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Wijaya Ratna S. , Read Scott A. , Schibeci Stephen , Han Shuanglin , Azardaryany Mahmoud K. , van der Poorten David , Lin Rita , Yuen Lawrence , Lam Vincent , Douglas Mark W. , George Jacob , Ahlenstiel Golo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground & AimsNatural killer (NK) cells are primary innate effector cells that play an important role in the control of human viral infections. During chronic viral infection, NK cells undergo significant changes in phenotype, function and subset distribution, including the appearance of CD56‐CD16+ (CD56‐) NK cells, previously identified in chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus infection. However, the presence of CD56‐ NK cells in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains unknown.MethodsPhenotype and function of CD56‐ NK cells from patients with CHB (n = 28) were assessed using flow cytometry and in vitro stimulation with HBV antigen.ResultsCHB patients had a higher frequency of CD56‐ NK cells compared to healthy controls in peripheral blood (6.2% vs 1.4%, P < .0001). Compared to CD56+ NK cells, CD56‐ NK cells had increased expression of inhibitory receptors, and reduced expression of activating receptors, as measured by MFI and qPCR. CD56‐ NK cells were less responsive to target cell and cytokine stimulation compared to their CD56+ counterparts. In addition, CD56‐ NK cells demonstrated defective dendritic cells (DCs) interactions resulting in reduced DCs maturation, lower expression of NK CD69 and impaired capacity of NK cells to eliminate immature DCs in co‐culture studies. Finally, frequency of CD56‐ NK cells was positively correlated with serum HBV DNA levels.ConclusionChronic HBV infection induces the expansion of highly dysfunctional of CD56‐ NK cells that likely contribute to inefficient innate and adaptive antiviral immune response in chronic HBV infection.
Study on the pathophysiological mechanism responsible for lower urinary tract symptoms associated with prostate cancer using an animal model
Authors: Hsu Lin‐Nei , Tsai Yuh‐Shyan , Tsai Hsin‐Tzu , Su Wen‐Pin , Tong Yat‐Ching 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the pathophysiological mechanism leading to lower urinary tract symptoms in prostate cancer (PCa) by using an animal model.MethodsAn orthotopic PCa model in mice was established by injection of human DU145 cells into the prostate gland lateral lobe of NOD.CB17‐Prkdcscid/NcrCrlBltw (NOD‐SCID) mice. Cancer growth was quantified by a luciferase‐based in vivo imaging system (IVIS) serially every 7 days. Comparisons were made for urodynamic parameters, bladder histology, and biological markers until the sixth week. Bladder wall structural changes were assessed by the bladder wall thickness and degree of fibrosis. Biomarker expressions in bladder tissue including muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 2 (M2), transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4), BCL2‐associated X protein (Bax), and caspase3 were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy.ResultsDU145 cell growth in the prostate was successfully monitored by a luciferase‐based IVIS. after orthotopic injection. Using our injection technique, no anatomical obstruction of the bladder outlet and urethra was noted up to 6 weeks after injection. The presence of PCa induced changes in urinary bladder histology, biomarkers, and urodynamic parameters. Cystometry showed features of detrusor overactivity with increased voiding frequency and high‐amplitude voiding contractions from the fourth week onward. Histological analyses 4 weeks after DU145 injection demonstrated detrusor thickening and bladder wall fibrosis. Immunohistochemistry showed increased expressions of bladder M2, TRPV4, Bax, and caspase3 in the PCa mice as early as in the first or second week.ConclusionsPCa can induce bladder microenvironment changes involving neural receptors and biological mediators leading to histological and functional alterations even in the absence of overt anatomical obstruction.