bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antifreezing Zwitterionic Hydrogel Electrolyte with High Conductivity of 12.6 mS cm−1 at −40 °C through Hydrated Lithium Ion Hopping Migration
Authors: Yang Jianbo , Xu Zhen , Wang Jijun , Gai Ligang , Ji Xingxiang , Jiang Haihui , Liu Libin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHydrogel electrolytes have high room‐temperature conductivity and can be widely used in energy storage device. However, hydrogels suffer from the inevitable freezing of water at subzero temperatures, resulting in the diminishment of their conductivity and mechanical properties. How to achieve high conductivity without sacrificing hydrogels’ flexibility at subzero temperature is an important challenge. To address this challenge, a new type of zwitterionic polymer hydrogel (polySH) electrolytes is fabricated. The anionic and cationic counterions on the polymer chains facilitate the dissociation of LiCl. The antifreezing electrolyte can be stretched to a strain of 325% and compressed to 75% at −40 °C and possesses an outstanding conductivity of 12.6 mS cm−1 at −40 °C. A direct hopping migration mechanism of hydrated lithium‐ion through the channel of zwitterion groups is proposed. The polySH electrolyte‐based‐supercapacitor (SC) exhibits a high specific capacitance of 178 mF cm−2 at 60 °C and 134 mF cm−2 at −30 °C with a retention of 81% and 71% of the initial capacitance after 10 000 cycles, respectively. The overall merits of the electrolyte will open up a new avenue for advanced ionic conductors and energy storage device in practical applications.
Heterogeneous Hydrogel Structures with Spatiotemporal Reconfigurability using Addressable and Tunable Voxels
Authors: Khodambashi Roozbeh , Alsaid Yousif , Rico Rossana , Marvi Hamid , Peet Matthew M. , Fisher Rebecca E. , Berman Spring , He Ximin , Aukes Daniel M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStimuli‐responsive hydrogels can sense environmental cues and change their volume accordingly without the need for additional sensors or actuators. This enables a significant reduction in the size and complexity of resulting devices. However, since the responsive volume change of hydrogels is typically uniform, their robotic applications requiring localized and time‐varying deformations have been challenging to realize. Here, using addressable and tunable hydrogel building blocks—referred to as soft voxel actuators (SVAs)—heterogeneous hydrogel structures with programmable spatiotemporal deformations are presented. SVAs are produced using a mixed‐solvent photopolymerization method, utilizing a fast reaction speed and the cononsolvency property of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) to produce highly interconnected hydrogel pore structures, resulting in tunable swelling ratio, swelling rate, and Young's modulus in a simple, one‐step casting process that is compatible with mass production of SVA units. By designing the location and swelling properties of each voxel and by activating embedded Joule heaters in the voxels, spatiotemporal deformations are achieved, which enables heterogeneous hydrogel structures to manipulate objects, avoid obstacles, generate traveling waves, and morph to different shapes. Together, these innovations pave the way toward tunable, untethered, and high‐degree‐of‐freedom hydrogel robots that can adapt and respond to changing conditions in unstructured environments.
Materials Screening for Disorder‐Controlled Chalcogenide Crystals for Phase‐Change Memory Applications
Authors: Xu Yazhi , Wang Xudong , Zhang Wei , Schäfer Lisa , Reindl Johannes , vom Bruch Felix , Zhou Yuxing , Evang Valentin , Wang Jiang‐Jing , Deringer Volker L. , Ma En , Wuttig Matthias , Mazzarello Riccardo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTailoring the degree of disorder in chalcogenide phase‐change materials (PCMs) plays an essential role in nonvolatile memory devices and neuro‐inspired computing. Upon rapid crystallization from the amorphous phase, the flagship Ge–Sb–Te PCMs form metastable rocksalt‐like structures with an unconventionally high concentration of vacancies, which results in disordered crystals exhibiting Anderson‐insulating transport behavior. Here, ab initio simulations and transport experiments are combined to extend these concepts to the parent compound of Ge–Sb–Te alloys, viz., binary Sb2Te3, in the metastable rocksalt‐type modification. Then a systematic computational screening over a wide range of homologous, binary and ternary chalcogenides, elucidating the critical factors that affect the stability of the rocksalt structure is carried out. The findings vastly expand the family of disorder‐controlled main‐group chalcogenides toward many more compositions with a tunable bandgap size for demanding phase‐change applications, as well as a varying strength of spin–orbit interaction for the exploration of potential topological Anderson insulators.
Nanoscale Analysis of Surface Bending Strain in Film Substrates for Preventing Fracture in Flexible Electronic Devices
Authors: Taguchi Ryo , Akamatsu Norihisa , Kuwahara Kohei , Tokumitsu Kayoko , Kobayashi Yoshiaki , Kishino Masayuki , Yaegashi Keita , Takeya Jun , Shishido Atsushi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWith the rapid development of flexible electronics and soft robotics, there is an emerging topic of preventing fracture in materials and devices integrated on largely bending film substrates of >100 µm thickness. The high demand for strategically reducing strain in bending materials requires a facile method that enables one to accurately and precisely analyze the surface bending strain in a wide variety of materials. This study proposes the surface‐labeled grating method that is the fundamental and efficient technique for measuring surface bending strains merely by labeling a thin, soft grating onto various film substrates composed of flexible polymeric and rigid inorganic materials. The surface strain with a single‐nanoscale (<1.0 nm) can be quantified in real time with no need of material information such as Poisson's ratio, Young's modulus, and film thickness. The fracture limit of a hard coating overlying flexible substrates is successfully determined by the accurate and precise quantification of surface bending strains. Furthermore, a multilayer film substrate with surface bending strain reduced by 50% prevents fractures of hard coatings and organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) since the strains remain below the fracture limit under large bending.
MoS2/Paper Decorated with Metal Nanoparticles (Au, Pt, and Pd) Based Plasmonic‐Enhanced Broadband (Visible‐NIR) Flexible Photodetectors
Authors: Selamneni Venkatarao , Raghavan Harini , Hazra Arnab , Sahatiya Parikshit 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEven though there are reports on flexible photodetectors, one of the main issues that still needs to be resolved is the lower values of responsivity arising due to the use of non‐conventional substrates such as polymers, cellulose paper, etc. There are ways to improve the responsivity, such as piezotronics and surface plasmonic resonance, but studies on utilizing the same for flexible substrates remain limited. Further, the comparative performance of different nanoparticles (NPs) remains unexplored. This report demonstrates the fabrication of flexible visible/near‐infrared (NIR) photodetectors by functionalizing MoS2 grown on paper substrate with various noble metal NPs such as gold (Au), platinum (Pt), and palladium (Pd) for enhanced photoresponse. The metal NPs‐MoS2 (Au, Pt, and Pd‐NPs‐MoS2) based photodetector shows a prominent improvement in the photoresponse characteristics when compared to pristine MoS2. Enhancement in the photodetector performance is mainly due to the localized surface plasmon resonance of prepared metal NPs and the increase in incident light scattering. Out of the fabricated metal NPs‐MoS2 photodetectors, Au‐NPs/MoS2 shows maximum responsivity of 99.3 and 46.03 mA W−1 under visible and NIR region, respectively which is ≈80 times higher than pristine MoS2.
Soft‐Chemistry‐Assisted On‐Chip Integration of Nanostructured α‐Quartz Microelectromechanical System
Authors: Jolly Claire , Gomez Andres , Sánchez‐Fuentes David , Cakiroglu Dilek , Rathar Raïssa , Maurin Nicolas , Garcia‐Bermejo Ricardo , Charlot Benoit , Gich Martí , Bahriz Michael , Picas Laura , Carretero‐Genevrier Adrian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe development of advanced piezoelectric α‐quartz microelectromechanical system (MEMS) for sensing and precise frequency control applications requires the nanostructuration and on‐chip integration of this material on silicon material. However, the current quartz manufacturing methods are based on bonding bulk micromachined crystals on silicon, which limits the size, the performance, the integration cost, and the scalability of quartz microdevices. Here, chemical solution deposition, soft‐nanoimprint lithography, and top‐down microfabrication processes are combined to develop the first nanostructured epitaxial (100)α‐quartz/(100)Si piezoelectric cantilevers. The coherent Si/quartz interface and film thinness combined with a controlled nanostructuration on silicon–insulator–silicon technology substrates provide high force and mass sensitivity while preserving the mechanical quality factor of the microelectromechanical systems. This work proves that biocompatible nanostructured epitaxial piezoelectric α‐quartz‐based MEMS on silicon can be engineered at low cost by combining soft‐chemistry and top‐down lithographic techniques.
Turn‐On Circularly Polarized Luminescence in Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Wang Xue‐Zhi , Sun Meng‐Ying , Huang Zhijin , Xie Mo , Huang Ruishan , Lu Huihui , Zhao Zujin , Zhou Xiao‐Ping , Li Dan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe fabrication of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) active materials by self‐assembly is still in its challenge. In this work, a family of homochiral metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and metal–organic cages (MOCs) are constructed by solvothermal subcomponent self‐assembly. These MOFs feature an eta topology with trifold helical chains, while the MOCs adopt a cubic cage structure. The chiral ligands show two distinct types of conformations: “opened” and “closed” in MOFs and MOCs, respectively. Although homochiral MOFs and MOCs show similar spectra of circular dichroism and photoluminescence with similar quantum yields and lifetimes, the MOFs yield clear CPL signals and the CPL of MOCs are silent. The turn‐on CPL in MOFs achieved by tuning the conformation of ligands and controlling self‐assembly provides a new approach for development of CPL‐active MOF materials.
Efficient Parallel Multi‐Bit Logic‐in‐Memory Based on a Ultrafast Ferroelectric Tunnel Junction Memristor
Authors: Ma Chao , Tao Linfeng , Luo Zhen , Sun Haoyang , Liu Chuanchuan , Wang Zijian , Zhou Xiang , Jin Xi , Yin Yuewei , Li Xiaoguang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMemristive logic‐in‐memory (LIM) is an attractive candidate for in‐memory computing and thus would overcome some of the issues concerning the von Neumann bottleneck, which has been intensively investigated. Here, a multi‐bit and functionally complete LIM strategy is designed to efficiently perform multi logical functions in parallel. This strategy is experimentally demonstrated by a multi‐bit ferroelectric tunnel junction (FTJ) memristor with a sub‐nanosecond operation speed which is nearly two orders of magnitude faster than the previous memristive LIM. Using the four resistance states (2‐bit) of only a single FTJ memristor cell, two logical computations are successfully performed in parallel, and the 16 complete Boolean logic functions are implemented within only two steps. In addition, the multi‐encoding schemes are proposed to further improve the efficiency and flexibility of parallel logical computations. Accordingly, the 1‐bit binary full adder can be implemented using as less as three parallel memristors by only performing five steps, and on this basis the N‐bit full adder can also be realized. These results provide a highly efficient LIM approach, which could be a promising candidate for future computing architecture.
Liquid‐Phase Exfoliated Gallium Selenide for Light‐Driven Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Curreli Nicola , Serri Michele , Zappia Marilena Isabella , Spirito Davide , Bianca Gabriele , Buha Joka , Najafi Leyla , Sofer Zdeněk , Krahne Roman , Pellegrini Vittorio , Bonaccorso Francesco 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGallium selenide (GaSe), a layered semiconductor of Group‐III monochalcogenides, has been recognized by the scientific community in recent years as an appealing material in the fields of photonics and (opto)electronics. Thanks to its pseudodirect bandgap and its thickness‐dependent (opto)electronic properties, GaSe has emerged as a promising candidate for the implementation of thin‐film transistors (TFTs) and photodetectors with fast response and high sensitivity. Solution processing of 2D materials provides low‐cost inks that allow the design and realization of printed electronic devices, enabling this technology to move from the laboratory to the industry. In this work, a solution‐processed GaSe‐based light‐driven transistor is presented. Liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) is used to exfoliate bulk GaSe in isopropanol, formulating a functional ink that is subsequently deposited by spray coating onto Si/SiO2 substrates. The GaSe phototransistor exhibits a p‐channel behavior with a high on/off ratio (≈103) that is gate‐voltage dependent. Moreover, the device response also depends on the illumination with a maximum responsivity of 13 A W–1 to UV–visible light and a fast response time of 35 ms. This study demonstrates that liquid phase exfoliated GaSe is a promising candidate for the design and realization of next‐generation (opto)electronic devices.
Emulation of Synaptic Scaling Based on MoS2 Neuristor for Self‐Adaptative Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Wu Lindong , Bao Lin , Wang Zongwei , Yu Zhizhen , Wang Bowen , Chen Qingyu , Ling Yaotian , Qin Yabo , Tang Kechao , Cai Yimao , Huang Ru 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecent studies indicate that synaptic scaling is a vital mechanism to solve instability risks brought by the positive feedback of synaptic weight change related with standalone Hebbian plasticity. There are two kinds of synaptic scaling in the neural network, including local scaling and global scaling, both important for stabilizing the neural function. In this paper, for the first time, local synaptic scaling is emulated based on the MoS2 neuristor. The first‐principle calculation reveals that synaptic scaling achieved by the neuristor is associated with an internal residual Li+‐related weak dynamical process. Experimental results show the potential of achieving global synaptic scaling by the same device. Moreover, inspired by the synaptic scaling in the human brain, a new method of weight mapping called weight scaling mapping (WSM) is proposed to improve the stability of an artificial neural network (ANN). The simulation results indicate that WSM can improve the accuracy and anti‐noise ability of the network compared with the traditional mapping method. These findings provide new insight into bionic research and help advance the construction of stable neuromorphic systems.
Local Multimodal Electro‐Chemical‐Structural Characterization of Solid‐Electrolyte Grain Boundaries
Authors: Xu Xin , Carr Connor , Chen Xinqi , Myers Benjamin D. , Huang Ruiyun , Yuan Weizi , Choi Sihyuk , Yi Dezhi , Phatak Charudatta , Haile Sossina M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTypical models of polycrystalline ionic materials treat the grain boundary properties as single valued, without consideration of the full range of values that define the macroscopically measured average. Here a unique experimental platform suitable for local multimodal characterization of individual grain boundaries in bicrystal fibers is reported. A variation of three orders of magnitude in the grain boundary conductivity of ceria is observed, as measured across six individual bicrystals by both alternating current impedance spectroscopy and direct current (D.C.) linear sweep voltammetry. Nonlinear behavior of the D.C. measurements is consistent with resistance due to a space charge effect. Time‐of‐flight secondary ion beam spectroscopy reveals a correlation between grain boundary resistance and the concentration of impurities Si, Al, and Ca segregated at the grain boundaries, although the bulk concentrations of these impurities are negligible. Electron backscatter diffraction analysis of the crystal orientations suggests a correlation between the misorientation across the grain boundaries and grain boundary resistance. These correlations point towards a grain boundary resistance that arises from impurity‐generated space charge effects and variations in impurity concentration and hence resistivity driven by the energetics of impurity segregation to grain boundaries of differing surface energies.
Impact of postoperative complications after primary tumor resection on survival in patients with incurable stage IV colorectal cancer: A multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Fujita Yusuke , Hida Koya , Hoshino Nobuaki , Sakai Yoshiharu , Konishi Tsuyoshi , Kanazawa Akiyoshi , Goto Michitoshi , Saito Shuji , Suda Tadashi , Watanabe Masahiko ,   Japan Society of Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsPrimary tumor resection for patients with incurable stage IV colorectal cancer can prevent tumor‐related complications but may cause postoperative complications. Postoperative complications delay the administration of chemotherapy and can lead to the spread of malignancy. However, the impact of postoperative complications after primary tumor resection on survival in patients with incurable stage IV colorectal cancer remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate how postoperative complications after primary tumor resection affect survival in this patient group.MethodsWe reviewed data on 966 patients with stage IV colorectal cancer who underwent palliative primary tumor resection between January 2006 and December 2007. We examined the association between major complications (National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v3.0 grade 3 or more) and overall survival using Cox proportional hazard model and explored risk factors associated with major complications using multivariable logistic regression analysis.ResultsNinety‐three patients (9.6%) had major complications. The 2‐year overall survival rate was 32.7% in the group with major complications and 50.3% in the group with no major complications. Patients with major complications had a significantly poorer prognosis than those without major complications (hazard ratio: 1.62; 95% confidence interval: 1.21‐2.18; P < .01). Male, rectal tumor, and open surgery were identified to be risk factors for major complications.ConclusionsPostoperative complications after primary tumor resection was associated with decreased long‐term survival in patients with incurable stage IV colorectal cancer.
Changes in DNA methylation persist over time in males with severe alcohol use disorder—A longitudinal follow‐up study
Authors: Soundararajan Soundarya , Agrawal Arpana , Purushottam Meera , Anand Shravanthi Daphne , Shankarappa Bhagyalakshmi , Sharma Priyamvada , Jain Sanjeev , Murthy Pratima 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTreatment strategies for alcohol use disorder (AUD) aim for abstinence or harm reduction. While deranged biochemical parameters reverse with alcohol abstinence, whether molecular changes at the epigenetic level reverse is not clearly understood. We investigated whether the reduction from high alcohol use reflects DNA methylation at the gene‐specific and global level. In subjects seeking treatment for severe AUD, we assessed gene‐specific (aldehyde dehydrogenase [ALDH2]/methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase [MTHFR]) and global (long interspersed elements [LINE‐1]) methylation across three‐time points (baseline, after detoxification and at an early remission period of 3 months), in peripheral blood leukocytes. We observed that both gene‐specific and global DNA methylation did not change over time, irrespective of the drinking status at 3 months (52% abstained from alcohol). Further, we also compared DNA methylation in AUD subjects with healthy controls. At baseline, there was a significantly higher gene‐specific DNA methylation (ALDH2: p < .001 and MTHFR: p = .001) and a significant lower global methylation (LINE‐1: p = .014) in AUD as compared to controls. Our results suggest that epigenetic changes at the DNA methylation level associated with severe AUD persist for at least 3 months of treatment.
Nitrogen‐rich Compounds with Multiple Azole Rings: Gas Generant, Enthalpy Enhancer and Applicable Cationic Component
Authors: Mathpati Ramling S. , Ghule Vikas D. , Dharavath Srinivas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNitrogen‐rich polyazole derivatives were designed and synthesized from the commercially available 4,5‐dicyano‐2‐aminoimidazole. The relatively simple synthesis of multiple azole rings in desired compounds with good yields allows for an efficient scale‐up. All synthesized compounds were characterized by NMR and vibrational spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and DSC studies. The impact and friction sensitivities were measured by the BAM apparatus. The energy content of the target compounds was predicted by using density functional methods. Performing cautious characterization point out that these compounds offer a good combination of high nitrogen‐ and energy‐content with insensitivity towards friction and impact stimuli. These results indicate the superior potential of these nitrogen‐rich polyazole derivatives for enthalpy enhancement, gas generant, and cationic components in energetic salts.