bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anomaly Detection in IoT Network Traffic Using Bidirectional 3D Quasi‐Recurrent Neural Network Optimize With Coati Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Deivakani M 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAnomaly detection in Internet of Things (IOT) network traffic involves identifying abnormal patterns or behaviors, enabling early detection of potential security threats or system malfunctions in the IOT ecosystem. IoT encompasses a variety of networks, addressing not only security challenges within sensor networks, the internet, and mobile communication networks but also specifically focusing on issues related to privacy protection, information management, network authentication, and access control. In this manuscript, Anomaly Detection in IoT Network Traffic using a Bidirectional 3D Quasi‐Recurrent Neural Network with Coati Optimization Algorithm (ADIOT‐B3DQRNN‐COA) is proposed. Initially, the input data are collected from the DS2OS Dataset. Then, the collected data is fed into pre‐processing utilizing an Implicit Unscented Particle Filter (IUPF). The IUPF is used to remove the invalid data. Subsequently, the preprocessed data are sent into the Archimedes optimization algorithm (AOA) to select features. Seven characteristics from the DS2OS dataset are chosen using AOA. The selected features are then fed into a Bidirectional 3D Quasi‐Recurrent Neural Network (Bi‐3DQRNN) to classify anomaly detection in an Internet of Things network into the following categories: data probing, malicious control, malicious operation, scan, spying, incorrect configuration, DOS attack, and normal. To guarantee accurate classification of anomaly detection in IoT networks, Bi‐3DQRNN generally does not express any adaptation of optimization algorithms for figuring out the best parameters. Hence, the Coati Optimization Algorithm (COA) to optimize Bi‐3DQRNN accurately classifies anomaly detection in the IOT network. The proposed ADIOT‐B3DQRNN‐COA approach is implemented in MATLAB. The performance of the proposed method was examined utilizing performance metrics like Accuracy, Computational Time, F‐measure, Precision, Recall, and ROC. The proposed ADIOT‐B3DQRNN‐COA approach contains 32.15%, 28.31%, and 24.18% higher accuracy, 28.69%, 33.54%, and 19.46% higher Precision, and 24.50%, 32.34%, and 24.18% lower Error Rate compared with existing methods, such as Anomaly Detection in IOT network depend on enhanced metaheuristic feature selection optimization and hybrid deep neural network (DNN‐ADIOT‐NTT), Investigation on the stability of DRNN depend on the oversampling method in IDIIOT (DRNN‐PSO‐IDIIOT) and light gradient boosting machine in Anomaly Detection in IOT network: concurrent feature selection with hyperparameter tuning concurrent feature selection with hyperparameter tuning (SMSG‐SCADA‐SNN) respectively.
A case of bladder paraganglioma completely resected by transurethral endoscopic en‐bloc resection of bladder tumor
Authors: Matsumoto Shunya , Ishikawa Yudai , Fukushima Hiroshi , Yamamoto Kouhei , Tsujimoto Kazutaka , Kimura Koichiro , Waseda Yuma , Tanaka Hajime , Yoshida Soichiro , Fujii Yasuhisa 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionEn‐bloc resection of bladder tumors is performed for bladder cancer with the goal of achieving precise tumor resection and providing an informative pathology specimen. We report the first case of a safely resected bladder paraganglioma by en‐bloc resection.Case presentationA 57‐year‐old woman presented with an incidental bladder tumor detected on computed tomography. Cystoscopy revealed a 10 mm submucosal tumor. Magnetic resonance imaging indicated a suspected bladder paraganglioma, whereas endocrinological tests showed no abnormalities. The tumor was completely resected in one piece without an intraoperative increase in blood pressure or bladder perforation. Pathological examination revealed a bladder paraganglioma with negative surgical margins. No evidence of recurrence was observed at 9 months follow‐up.ConclusionEn‐bloc resection of bladder tumors may be a useful approach for selected cases of bladder paragangliomas, potentially decreasing the risk of intraoperative blood pressure fluctuations and ensuring complete tumor resection.
Association between phosphorus‐to‐calcium ratio at ICU admission and all‐cause mortality in acute pancreatitis: Insights from the MIMIC‐IV database
Authors: Han Yimin , Chen Fan , Wei Wanzhen , Zeng Jiahui , Song Yiqun , Wang Zheng , Cao Fang , Wang Yaochun , Xu Kedong , Ma Zhenhua 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundSerum phosphorus and serum calcium are important electrolytes in the body. The relationship between them and acute pancreatitis (AP) has been previously discussed. However, the results seem to lack credibility due to the neglect of mutual influence between them. Thus, a comprehensive indicator is needed.MethodsIn this study, AP patients with intensive care unit (ICU) treatment were extracted from Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC) database. The outcomes included in‐hospital mortality and ICU mortality. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, Cox proportional hazard regression model and restricted cubic spline were employed to investigate the association between the phosphorus‐to‐calcium ratio (PCR) index and clinical outcomes.ResultsA total of 719 AP patients (57.2% male) were enrolled. The in‐hospital and ICU mortality were 11.4% and 7.5%, respectively. After adjusting for confounders, Cox proportional hazard analysis indicated patients with a higher PCR index had a significant association with in‐hospital mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.88; 95% confidence interval, 1.34–6.19; p = .007). Restricted cubic splines revealed that a progressively increasing risk of all‐cause mortality was associated with an elevated PCR index.ConclusionThe PCR index has a strong correlation with in‐hospital and ICU all‐cause mortality in AP, which provides a reference for clinical decision‐making.
Performance Optimization of a Large Geometry High Resolution‐Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer (HR‐SIMS) for High Precision Measurements of Oxygen Isotopic Composition (δ18O) and U–Pb Geochronology in Zircon
Authors: Khandelwal Deeksha , Kumar Pankaj , Kumar P. V. , Singh Atul K. , Rawat Mahadev , Dawar Anit , Sharma R. , Ojha S. , Gargari S. , Mukherjee P. K. , Chopra S. , Pandey A. C. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTA large geometry high resolution secondary ion mass spectrometer (HR‐SIMS) has been established as a part of the National Geochronology Facility (NGF) at Inter‐University Accelerator Centre (IUAC), New Delhi. The performance of the instrument related to high spatial resolution, high mass resolving power (MRP), sensitivity of the instrument to measure low abundant isotopes, and sensitivity of the instrument for 206Pb signal under different conditions are optimized and presented in this paper. We report the precision of the order of ~ 0.2‰ for oxygen isotopes measurement in 91500 reference material zircon and measured δ18O value of 10.08‰ ± 0.18‰ (2SD), which is in agreement with the recommended values. For U–Pb age measurement in zircon, Plešovice and FCT reference materials are measured as unknown and their 206Pb/238U ages agree with the reported values within the uncertainties. A long‐term evaluation of 206Pb/238UO and 206Pb/238U isotopic measurement ratio is also presented.
Cryogenic TOF‐SIMS Around Sublimation Temperature of Quench‐Condensed Noble Gas (Ne, Ar, and Kr) Films
Authors: Suzuki Taku T. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTA possible TOF‐SIMS analysis of surface phase transitions has recently been proposed for limited cases such as polymers and ionic liquids. In the present study, we have extended this analysis to quench‐condensed noble gas films. The newly developed cryogenic TOF‐SIMS allowed both measurements of TOF‐SIMS below 4 K, and low‐energy ion scattering spectroscopy that is used to prepare a clean surface. It was found that the TOF‐SIMS intensity variation by increasing the temperature at a constant ramp rate (temperature‐programmed TOF‐SIMS) shows steep changes due to sublimation. Thus, the possibility of analyzing the surface phase transition at the local region defined by the incident ion beam of (cryogenic) TOF‐SIMS was demonstrated in the present study.
Management of patients following implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator therapy—The importance of a multifaceted approach
Authors: Selvarajah Karshana , Khan Parisha , Jahagirdar Nishat , Cannatà Antonio , Mukherjee Rahul , Bromage Daniel I. , McDonagh Theresa , Murgatroyd Francis , Scott Paul A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe most effective way to treat patients following a first ICD therapy is unclear. We hypothesised that following first ICD therapy, combining different treatment strategies would be associated with a reduction in the risk of subsequent therapy compared to single strategies alone.MethodsData was collected from consecutive patients undergoing ICD implantation at King's College Hospital between January 2009 and December 2019. We assessed the use of 7 specific treatment strategies, introduced after the 1st therapy—start/increase the dose of beta‐blockers, prognostic heart failure medications, antiarrhythmic drugs as well as ICD reprogramming, ablation, ICD upgrade/revision and coronary revascularisation. We evaluated the association between these treatment strategies and the risk of a subsequent ICD therapy.ResultsDuring a mean 50 months follow‐up, 267 patients experienced 1st ICD therapy (212 appropriate and 55 inappropriate). Combining treatment strategies was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of subsequent therapy for appropriate therapy compared to 0/7 strategies (1st appropriate ICD therapy, 1/7 treatment strategy (n = 80), 43% lower risk and  ≥2/7 treatment strategies (n = 73) 58% reduction, p = <.001). This was also true for inappropriate therapy (1st inappropriate therapy, 1 treatment strategy (n = 22) 86% lower risk and  ≥2/7 treatment strategies (n = 25), 94% reduction, p < 0.001) compared to patients with 0/7 treatment strategies (n = 8).ConclusionAn approach combining treatment strategies may be more effective than using single strategies alone to prevent subsequent therapy in patients presenting following a 1st ICD therapy.
Lower Palaeolithic small flake prehension: Use‐wear and residue analyses reveal hominin grasping potential at late Acheulean sites in Israel and Italy
Authors: Marinelli Flavia , Nunziante‐Cesaro Stella , Barkai Ran , Lemorini Cristina 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThere is currently substantial debate over the use of prehension or hafting of tools by hominins. Many studies have been carried out to understand the prehension and hafting of hominin tools through experiments and through study of the anatomy and muscle system of both non‐human primates and humans. This paper discusses the results of the analyses of macro‐traces and micro‐residues of prehension found on small flakes from the late Acheulean sites of Revadim (Israel), Jaljulia (Israel) and Fontana Ranuccio (Italy). Small flakes are ubiquitous in many Late Lower Palaeolithic sites where they were used for various activities, including butchering. Their reduced size leads us to consider how they were handled and if solutions including hafting techniques were adopted. In this paper, the experimental protocol adopted, and the results obtained from macro‐traces and micro‐residues allowed us to develop hypotheses regarding free‐hand gripping of the small flakes by hominins at Revadim, Jaljulia and Fontana Ranuccio and the role that strength and pressure played in ensuring a good grip to enable the optimal use of these tools.
Socioeconomic and Ethnic Disparities in Timing and Outcome of Interarytenoid Injection Augmentation
Authors: House Trenton , Richardson Clare M. , Williams Dana , Gerber Mark E. , Curtis Stuart , Schroeder Shauna , Lozada Leyden , Woodward James , Ramirez Ashley , Killeen Stacey , Scheffler Patrick 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between social determinants of health and timeliness of management, adherence to follow‐up, and outcomes of treatment with interarytenoid injection augmentation (IAIA).MethodsRetrospective cohort study of all pediatric patients treated with IAIA at a large pediatric institution's multidisciplinary aerodigestive clinic between August 2022 and February 2024. Retrieved demographic factors, dates of referral, consultation, treatment, and follow‐up, as well as objective measures of dysphagia and aspiration via videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) reports, using dysphagia outcome and severity scale (DOSS) scores and the greatest unsafe thickness, or ‘aspiration score’. These factors were analyzed for correlation with social determinants of health determined through the Area of Deprivation Index (ADI).ResultsA total of 120 patients, median age 15 months were included. All underwent IAIA for the indication of persistent pharyngeal dysphagia. The median national ADI score was 45. Patients experienced average improvement in laryngeal penetration and aspiration from an aspiration score of slightly thick preoperatively to thin postoperatively, and improvement in dysphagia from mild–moderate to mild. No correlation was identified between ADI, race and ethnicity, or sex and measures of timeliness of treatment, loss to follow‐up, receipt of feeding therapy, or outcome of treatment.ConclusionAddressing persistent dysphagia in pediatric patients with IAIA seems to be equivalently efficacious across a wide population, and outcome did not vary significantly depending on patients' race or socioeconomic contexts. This finding may be due in part to the utilization of a well‐organized multidisciplinary center to treat these complex patients.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 2024
Guided‐Mode Resonance Polarization‐Sensitive Narrowband InGaAs Photodetector
Authors: Jang Junho , Geum Dae‐Myeong , Kang Il‐Suk , Oh Yeon‐Wha , Jung Sanghee , Cho Huijae , Kim SangHyeon 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe increasing demand for extracting comprehensive information from light through multispectral and polarization imaging has driven the development of advanced photodetection technologies. In response, a polarization‐sensitive narrowband InGaAs photodetector (PD) operating in the short‐wave infrared (SWIR) range is proposed, capable of capturing wavelength, intensity, and polarization data concurrently without additional optical components. The device is formed by integrating an InGaAs PD onto a silicon grating, utilizing the guided‐mode resonance (GMR) effect to amplify absorption at specific target wavelengths. The intrinsic polarization dependence of the 1D GMR structure allows for distinct absorption peaks for TE and TM polarized light. The detection performance of the device, including spectral rejection ratios greater than 30, peak responsivities of 0.46 A W−1, and polarization extinction ratios of up to 41.3 is demonstrated. Precise design of the period and arrangement of the grating enables fabrication of pixel arrays with diverse detection wavelengths and polarization directions, in a single process eliminating the process complexity. This is the only capability of this study among previously reported devices.
Polycondensation‐Derived High‐Molecular Weight Lignin as Nonblended Precursor for Carbon Fibers
Authors: Clauss Manuel M. , Frank Erik , Bauch Volker , Kuske Lisa , Buchmeiser Michael R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA new concept for the controlled chain‐extension of lignin has been developed. A mixture of trioxane as formaldehyde source, resorcinol as chain extender, and lignin allows to prepare high molecular weight precursor fibers by melt‐spinning, which can be spun on a semitechnical scale. Chain extension with resorcinol bridged by methylene groups is achieved during the stabilization process of the precursor fiber. After carbonization, carbon fibers (CFs) with an average diameter of 18 µm show an average tensile strength of 0.78 GPa and a Young's modulus of 106 GPa. A maximum tensile strength of 2.44 GPa and a Young's modulus of 294 GPa are reached with fibers 9.7 µm in diameter.
A One‐Stone‐Two‐Birds Strategy for Photothermal Shape Memory Polyurethane Utilizing Lignin as Monomer and Internal Photothermal Agent
Authors: Li Jinxing , Peng Jin , Huang Jinhao , Chen Shusheng , Liu Weifeng , Qiu Xueqing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPhotothermal‐triggering shape memory polyurethane allows for precise and controllable shape transformation under remote light stimulation, making it highly desirable for applications in intelligent devices. This study develops a sustainable and high‐performance lignin‐based polyurethane (LPU) using a one‐stone‐two‐birds strategy, wherein lignin serves as both a synthetic monomer and an internal photothermal agent. The incorporation of lignin significantly improved the mechanical properties of LPU, achieving a tensile strength of 42.1 MPa and an impressive elongation at break of 1558%. Additionally, the LPU exhibited exceptional photothermal heating capabilities due to the inherent intramolecular π–π conjugations and intermolecular π–π stacking effects of lignin, which facilitated the precise and contactless remote photoheating. Furthermore, the rigid structure of lignin and robust hydrogen bonding interactions provided LPU with excellent multi‐cycle shape memory performance, with shape fixation and shape recovery rates exceeding 93% after five cycles. Under near‐infrared irradiation, LPU demonstrated precise non‐contact heating and remote photothermal shape‐control capabilities. This research not only offers a sustainable and high‐value application for lignin but also advances the development of environmentally friendly intelligent shape memory polyurethane materials.
Striatal Dopaminergic Function and Motor Slowing in Essential Tremor Plus
Authors: Kuusela Aino M. , Honkanen Emma A. , Jaakkola Elina , Myller Elina , Eklund Mikael , Nuuttila Simo , Murtomäki Kirsi‐Marja , Mertsalmi Tuomas , Levo Reeta , Ihalainen Toni , Noponen Tommi , Vahlberg Tero , Joutsa Juho , Scheperjans Filip , Kaasinen Valtteri 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundWhile previous imaging studies have generally shown normal striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) binding in essential tremor (ET), emerging evidence suggests a partial dopaminergic mechanism in this condition and an epidemiological link between ET and Parkinson's disease (PD). This link seems particularly meaningful in ET patients with additional neurological signs, such as slowness of movements, rigidity, or rest tremor (ET+).ObjectivesTo investigate the potential dopaminergic pathophysiology of ET+ and to compare it to PD.MethodsFourty‐three ET+ patients, 115 PD patients and 40 healthy controls were studied using [123I]FP‐CIT SPECT imaging and clinical examinations. A median follow‐up of 3.0 years was carried out to confirm the diagnoses. ET+ patients underwent an extended follow‐up with a median of 7.7 years (range 4.3–9.8 years). Region‐specific binding ratios of striatal DAT binding were compared among the groups and correlated with the MDS‐UPDRS motor scores.ResultsBradykinesia scores were negatively associated with posterior putamen DAT binding in both the ET+ and PD groups, with the strongest correlation observed in finger tapping (F = 11.1, β = −0.10, 95%CI −0.16 to −0.04, P = 0.001). In ET+ patients, kinetic tremor asymmetry correlated with posterior putamen DAT binding asymmetry (r = 0.33, P = 0.043), indicating a relationship between more severe tremor and subtle contralateral DAT loss.ConclusionsIn ET+, subtle increases in bradykinesia scores correlate with striatal dopaminergic dysfunction, while kinetic tremor asymmetry is associated with hemispheric DAT binding asymmetry. These findings support the concept of partial dopaminergic involvement in the pathophysiology of ET+.
Enhanced Phase Coherence in Series‐Fed Patch Array Antenna: A Design Method for Uniform Element Spacing With Low Sidelobe Levels
Authors: Jung Jaewoong , Park Yunsik , Ryu Jongin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMicrostrip series‐fed patch array antenna (SFPA) is increasingly prominent in millimeter‐wave radar systems. Especially, SFPA with tapered amplitude using Dolph–Chebyshev, Taylor, and Binomial distribution has been developed to reduce a sidelobe level (SLL), which is critical to radar resolution. Even though reported designs of SFPA have achieved notable reductions in SLLs, the patch element and inter‐element spacing optimized by simulation over the entire array design can't guarantee perfect in‐phase radiation. Consequently, for nonuniform SFPA designs, achieving precise in‐phase radiation necessitates a theoretical approach and a thorough phase analysis of each element. In this article, we present a noniterative design method to ensure in‐phase feeding to each patch element by accurately compensating for the phase difference encountered in nonuniform SFPA. This approach begins with designing the electrical length of each patch element to be equal to 35 GHz. Subsequently, delay lines are then designed to provide in‐phase feeding across the array while maintaining uniform spacing between elements. Consequently, we fabricated three 8‐element SFPAs operating at 35 GHz and compared their performance, and the proposed design shows an SLL of –20.7 dB with a radiation angle of .
Deep denoising approach to improve shear wave phase velocity map reconstruction in ultrasound elastography
Authors: Sahshong Phidakordor , Chandra Akash , Mercado‐Shekhar Karla P. , Bhatt Manish 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundMeasurement noise often leads to inaccurate shear wave phase velocity estimation in ultrasound shear wave elastography. Filtering techniques are commonly used for denoising the shear wavefields. However, these filters are often not sufficient, especially in fatty tissues where the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) can be very low.PurposeThe purpose of this study is to develop a deep learning approach for denoising shear wavefields in ultrasound shear wave elastography. This may lead to improved reconstruction of shear wave phase velocity image maps.MethodsThe study addresses noise by transforming particle velocity data into a time‐frequency representation. A neural network with encoder and decoder convolutional blocks effectively decomposes the input and extracts the signal of interest, improving the SNR in high‐noise scenarios. The network is trained on simulated phantoms with elasticity values ranging from 3 to 60 kPa. A total of 1 85 570 samples with 80%–20 split were used for training and validation. The approach is tested on experimental phantom and ex‐vivo goat liver tissue data. Performance was compared with the traditional filtering methods such as bandpass, median, and wavelet filtering. Kruskal–Wallis one‐way analysis of variance was performed to check statistical significance. Multiple comparisons were performed using the Mann–Whitney U test and Holm–Bonferroni adjustment of .ResultsThe results are evaluated using SNR and the percentage of pixels that can be reconstructed in the phase velocity maps. The SNR levels in experimental data improved from –2 to 9.9 dB levels to 15.6 to 30.3 dB levels. Kruskal–Wallis one‐way analysis showed statistical significance (). Multiple comparisons with p‐value corrections also showed statistically significant improvement when compared to the bandpass and wavelet filtering scheme (). Smoother phase velocity maps were reconstructed after denoising. The coefficient of variation is less than in CIRS phantom and less than in ex‐vivo goat liver tissue.ConclusionsThe proposed approach demonstrates improvement in shear wave phase velocity image map reconstruction and holds promise that deep learning methods can be effectively utilized to extract true shear wave signal from measured noisy data.