bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life expectancy in West African countries: Evidence of convergence and catching up with the north
Authors: Yaya OlaOluwa S. , Otekunrin Oluwaseun A. , Ogbonna Ahamuefula E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article aims to investigate the possibility of the convergence and catching up of life expectancy values observed in West African countries with those noted in North African countries. Following the theory of time series convergence, documented in Bernard and Durlauf (1996) and Greasley and Oxley (1997), more robust unit root tests, based on the Fourier nonlinearity and instantaneous breaks proposed in Furuoka (2017), are used in investigating the convergence of each pair of a West African country and its North African counterpart. As no unit root in the differences of the pairs implies convergence, the results obtained by means of the new statistical approach quite outperform those produced by classical unit root tests. The results provide general evidence of the convergence of life expectancy values recorded in West Africa and North Africa.
PENERAPAN METODE STUDI KASUS YIN DALAM PENELITIAN ARSITEKTUR DAN PERILAKU
Authors: Nur’aini Ratna Dewi 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRAK Studi kasus adalah studi empiris yang menyelidiki fenomena kontemporer dalam konteks kehidupan nyata. Awalnya metode penelitian studi kasus sering digunakan pada bidang ilmu sosial. Namun seiring dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan, metode studi kasus mulai digunakan pada bidang lain. Metode penelitian studi kasus adalah strategi yang tepat untuk digunakan dalam penelitian yang menggunakan pertanyaan penelitian utama “bagaimana” atau “mengapa”, diperlukan sedikit waktu untuk mengontrol peristiwa yang dipelajari, dan fokus penelitian adalah fenomena kontemporer. Dalam metode studi kasus, para peneliti fokus pada desain dan implementasi penelitian. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk mengkaji metode penelitian studi kasus yang dirumuskan oleh Robert K. Yin dan selanjutnya melihat penerapannya dalam penelitian di bidang arsitektur dan perilaku. Pada penelitian di bidang arsitektur dan perilaku, metode studi kasus Yin ini dapat diaplikasikan walaupun secara parsial dan dapat dikombinasikan dengan metode lainnya. Penelitian bersifat kualitatif dengan kasus yang diamati meliputi kasus tunggal ataupun multi kasus yang pengamatannya berfokus kepada perilaku manusia dan seting lingkungannya. Kata kunci: arsitektur perilaku, kontemporer, studi kasus; studi perilaku, Yin ABSTRACTCase studies are empirical studies that investigate contemporary phenomena in real life contexts. Initially the case study research method was often used in the social science field. But along with the development of science, case study methods began to be used in other fields. The case study research method is the right strategy to use in research that uses the main research questions of “how” or “why”, it takes a little time to control the events being studied, and the focus of research is contemporary phenomena. In the case study method, researchers focus on the design and implementation of research. The purpose of this paper is to examine the case study research method formulated by Robert K. Yin and then look at its application in research in architecture and behavior. In research in architecture and behavior, the Yin case study method can be applied even though partially and can be combined with other methods. Qualitative research with observed cases include single or multi-case cases whose observations focus on human behavior and environmental settings. Keywords: behavioral architecture, contemporary, case study, behavioral studies, Yin
Attitudes of General Practitioners Toward Prescription of Mobile Health Apps: Qualitative Study
Authors: Sarradon-Eck Aline , Bouchez Tiphanie , Auroy Lola , Schuers Matthieu , Darmon David 
Published: March 2021

Background
Mobile health (mHealth) apps are a potential means of empowering patients, especially in the case of multimorbidity, which complicates patients’ care needs. Previous studies have shown that general practitioners (GPs) have both expectations and concerns regarding patients’ use of mHealth apps that could impact their willingness to recommend the apps to patients.

Objective
The aim of this qualitative study is to investigate French GPs’ attitudes toward the prescription of mHealth apps or devices aimed toward patients by analyzing GPs’ perceptions and expectations of mHealth technologies.

Methods
A total of 36 GPs were interviewed individually (n=20) or in a discussion group (n=16). All participants were in private practice. A qualitative analysis of each interview and focus group was conducted using grounded theory analysis.

Results
Considering the value assigned to mHealth apps by participants and their willingness or resistance to prescribe them, 3 groups were defined based on the attitudes or positions adopted by GPs: digital engagement (favorable attitude; mHealth apps are perceived as additional resources and complementary tools that facilitate the medical work, the follow-up care, and the monitoring of patients; and apps increase patients’ compliance and empowerment); patient protection (related to the management of patient care and fear of risks for patients, concerns about patient data privacy and security, doubt about the usefulness for empowering patients, standardization of the medical decision process, overmedicalization, risks for individual freedom, and increasing social inequalities in health); doctor protection (fear of additional tasks and burden, doubt about the actionability of patient-gathered health data, risk for medical liability, dehumanization of the patient-doctor relationship, fear of increased drug prescription, and commodification of patient data).

Conclusions
A deep understanding of both the expectations and fears of GPs is essential to motivate them to recommend mHealth apps to their patients. The results of this study show the need to provide appropriate education and training to enhance GPs’ digital skills. Certification of the apps by an independent authority should be encouraged to reassure physicians about ethical and data security issues. Our results highlight the need to overcome technical issues such as interoperability between data collection and medical records to limit the disruption of medical work because of data flow.
Epidemiology of Malaria in East Nusa Tenggara Province in Indonesia: Protocol for a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Guntur Robertus Dole , Kingsley Jonathan , Islam Fakir M Amirul 
Published: March 2021

Background
Malaria is a global pandemic that results in approximately 228 million cases globally; 3.5% of these cases are in Southeast Asian countries, including Indonesia. Following the World Health Organization (WHO) initiative, Indonesia is in the process of achieving malaria-free zone status by 2030. However, the eastern part of Indonesia, including the East Nusa Tenggara Province (ENTP), still has a disproportionately high rate of malaria.

Objective
The aims of this cross-sectional study are to determine the awareness and knowledge, attitude, and practice toward various aspects of malaria among rural adults and their associated factors, including sociodemographic factors and ethnicities; assess the gap between coverage of, access to, and use of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) among the households; estimate the prevalence of and factors associated with malaria in rural adults; and develop a risk prediction model for malaria.

Methods
A multistage cluster sampling procedure with a systematic random sampling procedure at cluster level 4 was applied to recruit 1503 adults aged 18 years or older from the ENTP. Each participant participated in a face-to-face interview to assess their awareness and knowledge, attitude, and practice toward aspects of malaria, practices of sleeping under LLINs, and history of malaria. Information on sociodemographic, environmental, and lifestyle factors was also documented. The proportion of knowledge, attitude, and practice toward aspects of malaria and their variations across different sociodemographic and ethnic groups will be analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Coverage and access to LLINs will be evaluated based on the WHO recommendations. Malaria risk factors will be analyzed using logistic regression. Multilevel logistic regression will be applied to estimate the risk score for malaria.

Results
Of the total participants, 99.46% (1495/1503) of rural adults from 49 villages in the ENTP participated in a face-to-face interview from October to December 2019. The study results are expected to be published in peer-reviewed journals.

Conclusions
The best malaria risk prediction model will be developed in this study. In this protocol, we developed a methodology to provide new evidence to guide health policy in supporting the ENTP government’s expectation to achieve the malaria-free rating by 2030.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/23545
Inhibition of Rehmannia mosaic virus Infection by Ganoderma sp. Extract
Authors: Pertiwi Mustika Ajeng Kartini Putri , Suryanti Suryanti , Somowiyarjo Susamto 
Published: March 2021

In fruiting bodies and mycelia of several fungi belonging to a Basidiomycetes group, among others, Ganoderma contains active polysaccharides and has potential as an antiviral substances. This study aimed to determine the effect of mycelium and fruiting body extract of Ganoderma sp. against Rehmannia mosaic virus (ReMV) infections on Chenopodium amaranticolor with variations of dilution and application times. The results showed that mycelium and fruiting body extract of Ganoderma sp. could inhibit ReMV infections. Antiviral extract which were applied 4 hours before, and at the same time with virus inoculation resulted in a higher viral inhibition rates than when applied 4 hours after virus inoculation. Fruiting body extract at 10-1 and 10-2 dilutions delayed symptom appearance caused by ReMV infection when applied 4 hours before virus inoculation. Mycelium extract at dilution of 10-2 and 10-3 applied 4 hours before virus inoculation resulted in the highest inhibition rate (100%) which was indicated as the number of local lesions on Chenopodium amaranticolor leaves. Meanwhile the fruiting body extract dilution of 10-1 resulted in highest inhibition (99.55%) when applied 4 hours before virus inoculation.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN Al2(SO4)3 DAN Na2CO3 TERHADAP TURBIDITAS DAN pH AIR BAKU PADA INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR BERSIH.
Authors: Br Bancin Jasniar , Nuzlia Cut 
Published: March 2021

Telah dilakukan penelitian dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan tawas Al2(SO4)3 dan soda ash Na2CO3 terhadap turbiditas dan pH air baku pada instalasi pengolahan air bersih (IPA). Dari penelitian ini diperoleh bahwasanya tawas Al2(SO4)3 dan soda ash Na2CO3 dapat membantu proses koagulasi-flokulasi sebagai penyangga pH. Pengaruh penambahan tawas dan soda ash pada air baku yaitu dapat menurunkan kadar turbiditas dan mempertahankan pH pada air baku (yang telah diolah). Sehingga menghasilakan air bersih yang sesuai standar baku mutu menurut Permenkes No. 32 Tahun 2017.
n-3 Fatty Acid Biomarkers and Incident Type 2 Diabetes: An Individual Participant-Level Pooling Project of 20 Prospective Cohort Studies
Authors: Qian Frank , Ardisson Korat Andres V. , Imamura Fumiaki , Marklund Matti , Tintle Nathan , Virtanen Jyrki K. , Zhou Xia , Bassett Julie K. , Lai Heidi , Hirakawa Yoichiro , Chien Kuo-Liong , Wood Alexis C. , Lankinen Maria , Murphy Rachel A. , Samieri Cecilia , Pertiwi Kamalita , de Mello Vanessa D. , Guan Weihua , Forouhi Nita G. , Wareham Nick , Hu InterAct Consortium, Frank B. , Riserus Ulf , Lind Lars , Harris William S. , Shadyab Aladdin H. , Robinson Jennifer G. , Steffen Lyn M. , Hodge Allison , Giles Graham G. , Ninomiya Toshiharu , Uusitupa Matti , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Lindström Jaana , Laakso Markku , Siscovick David S. , Helmer Catherine , Geleijnse Johanna M. , Wu Jason H.Y. , Fretts Amanda , Lemaitre Rozenn N. , Micha Renata , Mozaffarian Dariush , Sun Qi 
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVE
Prospective associations between n-3 fatty acid biomarkers and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk are not consistent in individual studies. We aimed to summarize the prospective associations of biomarkers of α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) with T2D risk through an individual participant-level pooled analysis.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
For our analysis we incorporated data from a global consortium of 20 prospective studies from 14 countries. We included 65,147 participants who had blood measurements of ALA, EPA, DPA, or DHA and were free of diabetes at baseline. De novo harmonized analyses were performed in each cohort following a prespecified protocol, and cohort-specific associations were pooled using inverse variance–weighted meta-analysis.

RESULTS
A total of 16,693 incident T2D cases were identified during follow-up (median follow-up ranging from 2.5 to 21.2 years). In pooled multivariable analysis, per interquintile range (difference between the 90th and 10th percentiles for each fatty acid), EPA, DPA, DHA, and their sum were associated with lower T2D incidence, with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs of 0.92 (0.87, 0.96), 0.79 (0.73, 0.85), 0.82 (0.76, 0.89), and 0.81 (0.75, 0.88), respectively (all P &lt; 0.001). ALA was not associated with T2D (HR 0.97 [95% CI 0.92, 1.02]) per interquintile range. Associations were robust across prespecified subgroups as well as in sensitivity analyses.

CONCLUSIONS
Higher circulating biomarkers of seafood-derived n-3 fatty acids, including EPA, DPA, DHA, and their sum, were associated with lower risk of T2D in a global consortium of prospective studies. The biomarker of plant-derived ALA was not significantly associated with T2D risk.
All-Bootstrap Gate-Driver Supply System for a High-Voltage-Gain Resonant DC-DC Converter with Seven Switches
Authors: Stala Robert , Mondzik Andrzej , Penczek Adam , Waradzyn Zbigniew , Skała Aleksander 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the concept and implementation of an electronic system for a switched-capacitor DC-DC converter with high voltage gain. The converter consists of seven switches, five of which being controlled like high-side type. This paper presents a non-typical bootstrap-based gate-driver system so that the converter can run using a single voltage source. The converter requires a special switching pattern to drive seven switches in a steady state and also during the start-up of the converter and the regulation of the output voltage. Therefore, an FPGA-based digital control system is used with various switching algorithms and protection functions implemented. The presented converter is an autonomic device that taps the energy from the main input. Therefore, the electronic system of the converter is equipped with a self-supply system with a wide range of the input voltage. The parameters of the converter such as voltage gain, voltages and power ranges can be scalable for prospective applications with the proposed control system.
Power Quality Enhancement Using DSTATCOM in Industry Plants
Authors: Bayu Atinkut 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper is focused on increasing the power quality of Unique Macaroni factory, located in Bahir Dar Town. Necessary data have been collected from the factory and the collected data are analysed. Based on the analysis of data, it is found that the factory working power factor is low and hovering around 0.7125. Voltage variations are up to 9.09%, average voltage unbalance is 2.2% and total harmonic distortion (THD) of load currents and voltage are 24.17% and 10.16%, respectively. Harmonic components have existed in the power distribution system of the factory. Based on the analysis of power quality problem in the factory, distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) and its control system have been designed to boost power quality of the factory and the results are obtained by generating simulations using Matlab software. It is observed from outputs of the Matlab simulations that DSTATCOM can improve the power quality of the factory. Generally, the shape of the waveform of load voltage and current is improved and THD level of load voltage is minimised to 1.55% and load current THD level is 7.09%. The reactive power needed by the loads (442 kVAr) is almost provided by the DSTATCOM, so reactive power from source supply is very small such as 22 kVAr so that the power factor of the source tends to unity.
Differences in Mechanisms of Orographic Rainfall over West Sumatra (Case Study: 10 April and 23 April 2004)
Authors: Harjupa Wendi , Shimomai Toyoshi , Hashiguchi Hiroyuki , Fujiyoshi Yasushi , Kawashima Masayuki 
Published: March 2021

Two different mechanisms of orographic rainfall enhancementÂ Â in West Sumatra were investigated utilizing observed data during the Coupling Processes in the Equatorial Atmosphere (CPEA)-I campaign. The variation of the atmospheric conditions during the campaign was shown by rainfall, surface wind, humidity, and stability index. An X-band Doppler radar captured the atmospheric conditions related to the enhancement of orographic rainfall mechanisms. The dry and less stable atmospheric conditions resulted in the convective type of rainfall. In contrast, the humid and stable atmospheric conditions brought the large-scale rainfall in the mountainous region where the events took place coincided with the inactive and active MJO phases..
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DIPHTERIA IN PURWAKARTA REGENCY INDONESIA
Authors: Wijayanti Siwi Pramatama Mars , Fadillah Alfianti Nur 
Published: March 2021

Background: Diphtheria is considered as a neglected disease since it was successfully eliminated in many countries. However, there were several sporadic re-emergence cases of Diphtheria and the peak was outbreak in Indonesia in 2017. This research was a descriptive study aimed to explore epidemiology of diphtheria by person, time and place in one of diphtheria endemic area.Methods: This was a descriptive study with cross sectional design in Purwakarta Regency, West Java, Indonesia in 2018. Several data were collected in this study such as diphtheria cases by age, time of occurrence, gender, place and immunization status. The data was collected from Purwakarta Health Office. It was the data from the year of 2015-2017. The data was analysed by using descriptive analysis with percentages displayed in graphs and tables.Results: This study reveals that Purwakarta regency is an endemic area of diphtheria with fluctuated cases since 2015-2017. More cases of diphtheria occurred from September to December in rainy season. More cases suffered by children in 5-9 years old, however, this disease also infected adult population. The area with high diphtheria cases in this study also areas with high population densities which is conducive for C diphteriae transmission. Low coverage of immunization is highlighted in the result of this study, which could explain why diphtheria cases occurred continuously in this area.Conclusions: High number of diphtherias in this area should be an awareness for local health officer to do an effective preventive effort such as increasing the coverage of vaccination. Furthermore, optimizing the role of religious and community leader should be made to support diphtheria vaccination programs.
Pengaruh Latihan Leddericky shuffle dan Lari Segitiga Terhadap Kemampuan Menggiring Bola Mahasiswa Penjaskesrek Unmul
Authors: Sakay Sakay 
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui; (1) Apakah ada pengaruh latihan ledder icky shuffle terhadap kemampuan menggiring bola dalam permainan sepak bola MAHASISWA PENJASKESREKUnmul. (2) Apakah ada pengaruh latihan lari segitiga menggunakan 3 coneterhadap kemampuan menggiring bola dalam permainan sepak bola MAHASISWA PENJASKESREKUnmul. (3) Apakah ada perbedaan pengaruh antara latihan ledder icky shuffle dan latihan lari segitiga menggunakan 3 coneterhadap kemampuan menggiring bola dalam permainan sepak bola MAHASISWA PENJASKESREKUnmul.
Jenis penelitian ini, menggunakan jenis penelitian Eksperiment lapangan. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa Univesitas Mulawarman yang mengikuti Unit Kegiatan Mahasiswa (MAHASISWA PENJASKESREK) sepak bola yang berjumlah 20 orang. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik sampel jenuh. Variabel penelitian terdiri dari dua variabel bebas yaitu latihan ledder icky shuffle, dan latihan lari segitiga menggunakan 3 coneserta satu variabel terikat yaitu kemampuan menggiring bola. Instrument penelitian yang digunakan adalah testke mampuan menggiring bola. Analisis data menggunakan analisis statistika deskriptif dan analisis statistika inferensidengan bantuan program SPSS 21.0.
Berdasarkan hasil analisis data disimpulkan sebagai berikut: (1) Ada pengaruh yang signifikan latihan ledder icky shuffle terhadap kemampuan menggiring bola dalam permainan sepak bola MAHASISWA PENJASKESREKUnmul. Terbukti bahwa diperoleh nilai t hitung = 5.492≥ t tabel = 2.262. (2) Ada pengaruh yang signifikan latihan lari segitiga menggunakan 3 coneterhadap kemampuan menggiring bola dalam permainan sepak bola MAHASISWA PENJASKESREKUnmul. Terbukti bahwa diperoleh nilai t hitung = 5.003 ≥ t tabel = 2.262. (3) Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang nyata antara latihan ledder icky shuffle dan latihanlari segitiga menggunakan 3 coneterhadap kemampuan menggiring bola dalam permainan sepak bola MAHASISWA PENJASKESREKUnmul. Terbukti bahwa diperoleh nilai t hitung = -0.563 <t tabel = 2,100. Begitu pula jika dilihat dari pencapaian rata-rata tes akhir kemampuan menggiring bola dari kedua bentuk latihan tersebut, menujukkan perbedaan yang relatif kecil yaitu 0.16. Rata-rata tesakhirlatihan ledder icky shuffle lebih besar dari nilai rata-rata tes akhir latihan lari segitiga menggunakan 3 cone (16.21: 16.37).
Waldbau mit Douglasie in Deutschland und in Frankreich
Authors: Kohnle Ulrich , Klädtke Joachim , Chopard Bruno 
Published: March 2021

Waldbau mit Douglasie in Deutschland und in Frankreich
Der erwartete Klimawandel macht die Douglasie (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) zu einer vielversprechenden Option für die Waldbewirtschaftung in Mitteleuropa. Die Art ist resistenter gegenüber Trockenheit als zum Beispiel die Fichte, wächst sehr gut und liefert wertvolles Sägeholz mit überlegenen technischen Holzeigenschaften. Die über ein Jahrhundert vor allem in Frankreich und in Deutschland gesammelte Erfahrung in Forschung und Praxis hat substanzielles, evidenzbasiertes waldbauliches Wissen zur Bewirtschaftung der Douglasie in Europa geschaffen. Der Artikel hat zum Ziel, die wichtigsten Aspekte darzustellen. Während die mit relativ hohen Kosten verbundene Pflanzung bislang die gebräuchlichste Begründungstechnik in Europa war, wird das offensichtliche Potenzial der natürlichen Verjüngung mit grosser Wahrscheinlichkeit an Bedeutung gewinnen. Allerdings wird die Wurzelentwicklung junger Bäume sowohl durch Überschirmung als auch durch seitliche Konkurrenz negativ beeinflusst. Wenn die Douglasie unter Schirm verjüngt werden soll, muss die Dauer der Überschirmung kurz gehalten und die seitlichen Konkurrenten frühzeitig und entschlossen entfernt werden. Das Durchmesserwachstum lässt sich durch geeignete Pflanzabstände, Durchforstung und die Wahl der Produktionszeiträume gezielt steuern. Die Holzqualität kann durch die Auswahl von Z-Bäumen und eine Ästung verbessert werden. Um den Anteil an qualitativ minderwertigen schwachen Sortimenten klein zu halten, kann ein längerer Produktionszeitraum in Verbindung mit grösserem Zieldurchmesser als Bewirtschaftungsoption in Betracht gezogen werden. Allerdings sind längere Produktionszeiträume ausnahmslos mit höheren Risiken verbunden, insbesondere nimmt das Sturmschadenrisiko mit der Baumhöhe progressiv zu. Im Zusammenhang mit dem Risikomanagement und der Integration der nicht einheimischen Douglasie in naturnahe Bewirtschaftungssysteme sind die Begründung und die Bewirtschaftung von Mischbeständen von grosser Bedeutung.