bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protocol for GET FIT Prostate: a randomized, controlled trial of group exercise training for fall prevention and functional improvements during and after treatment for prostate cancer
Authors: Winters-Stone Kerri M. , Li Fuzhong , Horak Fay , Dieckmann Nathan , Hung Arthur , Amling Christopher , Beer Tomasz M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Many prostate cancer survivors are treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), but these therapies may increase frailty, worsen physical functioning, and increase fall risk. While exercise may counter functional declines associated with ADT, no studies have tested whether and which type of exercise may reduce falls and frailty. The purpose of this trial is to compare the relative efficacy of strength training versus tai ji quan training against each other and to a stretching control group on falls, frailty, and physical functioning in men expose to ADT for prostate cancer.

Methods
Prostate cancer survivors treated with ADT (N = 360) who have fallen in the past year or are at risk of a fall based on validated risk factors will be recruited to participate in this single-blind, parallel group, randomized trial. Participants will be randomized to one of three supervised, group training programs: (i) strength training, (ii) tai ji quan training, or (iii) stretching (control), that train 3×/week for 6 months. Outcomes are assessed at baseline, 3 (mid-intervention), 6 (immediately post-intervention), and 12 (follow-up) months. The primary outcome is falls assessed by monthly self-report. Secondary outcomes include the following: frailty (low lean body mass (by bioelectrical impedance analysis), exhaustion (by SF-36 vitality scale), low activity (by CHAMPS physical activity survey), slowness (by 4 m usual walk speed), and weakness (by chair stand time)); objective and subjective measures of physical function will also be collected. Negative binomial regression models will be used to assess differences in falls between groups, while mixed effects modeling will be used to compare the relative efficacy of training group on secondary outcomes.

Discussion
Exercise represents a non-pharmacologic approach to mitigate the problem of falls experienced among men treated with ADT. By engaging in appropriate exercise, men may be able to avoid or delay falls, frailty, and disability associated with their cancer treatment. Findings of the trial are expected to inform clinical practice about how exercise could be prescribed as part of cancer care for prostate cancer survivors prescribed ADT.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03741335. Registered on November 18, 2018.
Potential role of epicardial adipose tissue as a biomarker of anthracycline cardiotoxicity
Authors: Monti Caterina Beatrice , Schiaffino Simone , Galimberti Ortiz Maria Del Mar , Capra Davide , Zanardo Moreno , De Benedictis Elena , Luporini Alberto Gianluigi , Spagnolo Pietro , Secchi Francesco , Sardanelli Francesco 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
We investigated the radiodensity of epicardial (EAT), subcutaneous (SAT), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) before and after treatment with anthracyclines in a population of breast cancer (BC) patients, and in controls not treated with anthracyclines, to detect a potential role of EAT density as a biomarker of changes related to chemotherapy cardiotoxicity.

Methods
We reviewed BC patients treated with anthracyclines who underwent CT before (CT-t0) and after (CT-t1) chemotherapy, and age- and sex-matched controls who underwent two CT examinations at comparable intervals. On non-contrast scans, EAT was segmented contouring the pericardium and thresholding between -190 and -30 Hounsfield units (HU), and SAT and VAT were segmented with two 15-mm diameter regions of interest thresholded between -195 and -45 HU.

Results
Thirty-two female patients and 32 controls were included. There were no differences in age (p = 0.439) and follow-up duration (p = 0.162) between patients and controls. Between CT-t0 and CT-t1, EAT density decreased in BC patients (-66 HU, interquartile range [IQR] -71 to -63 HU, to -71 HU, IQR -75 to -66 HU, p = 0.003), while it did not vary in controls (p = 0.955). SAT density increased from CT-t0 to CT-t1 in BC patients (-107 HU, IQR -111 to -105 HU, to -105 HU, IQR -110 to -100 HU, p = 0.014), whereas it did not change in controls (p = 0.477). VAT density did not vary in either BC patients (p = 0.911) or controls (p = 0.627).

Conclusions
EAT density appears to be influenced by anthracycline treatment for BC, well known for its cardiotoxicity, shifting towards lower values indicative of a less active metabolism.
Deep learning-based fully automated Z-axis coverage range definition from scout scans to eliminate overscanning in chest CT imaging
Authors: Salimi Yazdan , Shiri Isaac , Akhavanallaf Azadeh , Mansouri Zahra , Saberi Manesh Abdollah , Sanaat Amirhossein , Pakbin Masoumeh , Askari Dariush , Sandoughdaran Saleh , Sharifipour Ehsan , Arabi Hossein , Zaidi Habib 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Despite the prevalence of chest CT in the clinic, concerns about unoptimized protocols delivering high radiation doses to patients still remain. This study aimed to assess the additional radiation dose associated with overscanning in chest CT and to develop an automated deep learning-assisted scan range selection technique to reduce radiation dose to patients.

Results
A significant overscanning range (31 ± 24) mm was observed in clinical setting for over 95% of the cases. The average Dice coefficient for lung segmentation was 0.96 and 0.97 for anterior–posterior (AP) and lateral projections, respectively. By considering the exact lung coverage as the ground truth, and AP and lateral projections as input, The DL-based approach resulted in errors of 0.08 ± 1.46 and − 1.5 ± 4.1 mm in superior and inferior directions, respectively. In contrast, the error on external scout views was − 0.7 ± 4.08 and 0.01 ± 14.97 mm for superior and inferior directions, respectively.The ED reduction achieved by automated scan range selection was 21% in the test group. The evaluation of a large multi-centric chest CT dataset revealed unnecessary ED of more than 2 mSv per scan and 67% increase in the thyroid absorbed dose.

Conclusion
The proposed DL-based solution outperformed previous automatic methods with acceptable accuracy, even in complicated and challenging cases. The generizability of the model was demonstrated by fine-tuning the model on AP scout views and achieving acceptable results. The method can reduce the unoptimized dose to patients by exclunding unnecessary organs from field of view.
Diagnosing sarcopenia and myosteatosis based on chest computed tomography images in healthy Chinese adults
Authors: Tan Lingling , Ji Guiyi , Bao Ting , Fu Hongbo , Yang Ling , Yang Ming 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Measuring muscle mass and muscle quality based on chest Computed Tomography (CT) images would facilitate sarcopenia and myosteatosis research. We aimed (1) to measure muscle mass and myosteatosis based on chest CT images at the 12th thoracic vertebra level and compare the relevant indicators with whole-body skeletal muscle mass (BSM) and whole-body fat mass (BFM) measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis; and (2) to determine the cut-off points of these indicators for diagnosing sarcopenia or myosteatosis in healthy Chinese adults.

Methods
Chest CT images were analyzed using a segmentation software. Skeletal muscle area (SMA), skeletal muscle radiodensity (SMD), and intermuscular adiposity tissue (IMAT) were measured. Skeletal muscle indices (SMIs) and IMAT/SMA ratio were calculated.

Results
We included 569 participants. SMA, SMA/height2, and SMA/BMI were strongly and positively correlated with BSM (r = 0.90, 0.72, and 0.69, respectively, all p < 0.001); whereas SMA/weight was moderately and positively correlated with BSM (r = 0.38, p < 0.001). IMAT and IMAT/SMA were strongly and positively correlated with BFM (r = 0.67 and 0.58, respectively, both p < 0.001). SMD was moderately and negatively correlated with BFM (r = − 0.40, p < 0.001). We suggest SMA/height2 (< 25.75 cm2/m2 in men and < 20.16 cm2/m2 in women) for diagnosing sarcopenia and SMD (< 37.42 HU in men and < 33.17 HU in women) or IMAT (> 8.72 cm2 in men and > 4.58 cm2 in women) for diagnosing myosteatosis.

Conclusions
Muscle mass indicators (SMA and SMIs) and muscle quality indicators (SMD, IMAT, and IMAT/SMA) measured by chest CT images are valuable for diagnosing sarcopenia and myosteatosis, respectively.
Probability model of rock climbing recognition based on information fusion sensor time series
Authors: Jiang Yuhui , Lan Dawei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRock climbing is a sports activity that integrates competition, entertainment, and culture. With the development of the economy and the improvement in living standards, rock climbing has embarked on a path of self-development and has entered the lives of urban youth at an increasingly rapid rate. This paper studies the probabilistic model of rock climbing recognition based on time series of multi-information fusion sensors so that climbers can climb more standardized. Based on practice, this paper has conducted research and design on the hardware platform and actually applied it to the rock climbing environment. Through reasonable processing of rock climbing process data of rock climbers, a variety of rock climbing state characteristics are successfully extracted for fusion. Aiming at the quasi-periodical characteristics of acceleration changes at different points during human movement, a method for identifying human movement patterns based on gait event information is designed. This method intercepts the three-axis acceleration data collected by each accelerometer through key gait events. A data set used to identify human movement patterns is established. A corresponding LDA classifier is established for each data set to identify the current movement pattern, and finally the classification results of all the classifiers are voted on. The final experiment shows that the system can identify the climbing movement of the climber within 3 s. The method can achieve 95.84% of the comprehensive recognition accuracy of the four state modes of rock climbing.
On the asymptotic behavior of solutions of anisotropic viscoelastic body
Authors: Letoufa Yassine , Benseridi Hamid , Boulaaras Salah , Dilmi Mourad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe quasistatic problem of a viscoelastic body in a three-dimensional thin domain with Tresca’s friction law is considered. The viscoelasticity coefficients and data for this system are assumed to vary with respect to the thickness ε. The asymptotic behavior of weak solution, when ε tends to zero, is proved, and the limit solution is identified in a new data system. We show that when the thin layer disappears, its traces form a new contact law between the rigid plane and the viscoelastic body. In which case, a generalized weak form equation is formulated, the uniqueness result for the limit problem is also proved.
Lie symmetry analysis and invariant solutions of 3D Euler equations for axisymmetric, incompressible, and inviscid flow in the cylindrical coordinates
Authors: Sadat R. , Agarwal Praveen , Saleh R. , Ali Mohamed R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThrough the Lie symmetry analysis method, the axisymmetric, incompressible, and inviscid fluid is studied. The governing equations that describe the flow are the Euler equations. Under intensive observation, these equations do not have a certain solution localized in all directions $(r,t,z)$
(
r
,
t
,
z
)
due to the presence of the term $\frac{1}{r}$

1
r

, which leads to the singularity cases. The researchers avoid this problem by truncating this term or solving the equations in the Cartesian plane. However, the Euler equations have an infinite number of Lie infinitesimals; we utilize the commutative product between these Lie vectors. The specialization process procures a nonlinear system of ODEs. Manual calculations have been done to solve this system. The investigated Lie vectors have been used to generate new solutions for the Euler equations. Some solutions are selected and plotted as two-dimensional plots.
Assessing the accuracy of a new hand hygiene monitoring device (SmartRub®): from the laboratory to clinical practice
Authors: Guitart Chloé , Robert Yves-Alain , Lotfinejad Nasim , Fourquier Simon , Martin Yves , Pires Daniela , Sauser Julien , Beuchat René , Pittet Didier 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
We developed SmartRub® powered by iQati®, an electronic device composed of a wristband and an alcohol-based handrub pocket-sized dispenser that measures and provides feedback on the duration of hand friction and the volume poured during each hand hygiene action. We aimed to assess the accuracy of SmartRub®.

Methods
The specificity, sensitivity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) of SmartRub® were assessed in a 3-phased experiment: (1) laboratory-controlled conditions with volunteers; (2) pre-planned clinical path with volunteers and (3) real clinical conditions with healthcare workers. The accuracy of SmartRub® was evaluated by quantifying its ability to correctly capture true hand hygiene actions and to not record other actions performed while wearing the device.

Results
In the laboratory, 7 volunteers performed 816 actions. Overall sensitivity was 94.1% (95% CI 91.4–96.2%) with a PPV of 99.0% (95% CI 97.3–99.6%) and specificity was 99.0% (95% CI 97.5–99.7%) with a NPV of 94.4% (95% CI 91.9–96.1%). During the pre-planned clinical path phase, 13 volunteers performed 98 planned paths and a total of 967 actions were performed. Overall sensitivity was 94.6% (95% CI 92.2–96.5%) with a PPV of 84.3% (95% CI 81.6–86.7%) and specificity was 82.4% (95% CI 78.7–85.7%) with a NPV of 93.9% (95% CI 91.3–95.7%). During the real clinical conditions phase, 17 healthcare workers were observed for a total of 15 h and 3 min while they performed 485 actions. Sensitivity was 96.8% (95% CI 93.8–98.6%) with a PPV of 98.3% (95% CI 95.6–99.3%) and specificity was 98.3% (95% CI 95.7–99.5%) with a NPV of 96.8% (95% CI 93.9–98.4%).

Conclusions
Smartrub® is a highly reliable device for capturing hand hygiene actions under a range of conditions, from the laboratory to clinical care activities.
Tensile Behavior of High-Strength Stainless Steel Wire Rope (HSSSWR)-Reinforced ECC
Authors: Wang Xinling , Yang Guanghua , Qian Wenwen , Li Ke , Zhu Juntao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEngineered cementitious composites (ECC) show the distinguished characteristics of high post-cracking resistance and ductility. High-strength stainless steel wire rope (HSSSWR) has been successfully used for restoring or strengthening of existing structures. By combining the advantages of these two materials, a new composite system formed by embedding HSSSWR into ECC was proposed and expected to be a promising engineering material for repair or strengthening of structures. To investigate the tensile failure mechanism and mechanical properties of HSSSWR-reinforced ECC, an experimental study on 27 HSSSWR-reinforced ECC plates was conducted considering the effects of the reinforcement ratio of longitudinal HSSSWRs, formula of ECC and width of the plate. Test results revealed that HSSSWR-reinforced ECC exhibit superior post-cracking resistance, deformation capacity and crack-width control capacity. Increasing the reinforcement ratio of longitudinal HSSSWRs can effectively enhance the tensile strength, crack-width control capacity, deformation capacity and tensile toughness of HSSSWR-reinforced ECC. Adding thickener in ECC can significantly improve the crack-width control capacity and deformation capacity of HSSSWR-reinforced ECC due to enhancing uniform distribution of polyvinyl alcohol fibers, but would slightly reduce the cracking stress and maximum tensile stress by bringing small bubbles in the matrix. The tensile properties of HSSSWR-reinforced ECC plates are almost not affected by varying the plate width. Besides, a tensile constitutive model was developed for charactering the stress–strain relationship of HSSSWR-reinforced ECC in tension. Based on mechanical theories and failure characteristics of HSSSWR-reinforced ECC, the model parameters were determined, and calculation equations of cracking stress and tensile strength were proposed. The accuracy of the developed model and calculation equations was verified by test results.
Detection of glucose-derived d- and l-lactate in cancer cells by the use of a chiral NMR shift reagent
Authors: Suh Eul Hyun , Geraldes Carlos F. G. C. , Chirayil Sara , Faubert Brandon , Ayala Raul , DeBerardinis Ralph J. , Sherry A. Dean 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Excessive lactate production, a hallmark of cancer, is largely formed by the reduction of pyruvate via lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) to l-lactate. Although d-lactate can also be produced from glucose via the methylglyoxal pathway in small amounts, less is known about the amount of d-lactate produced in cancer cells. Since the stereoisomers of lactate cannot be distinguished by conventional 1H NMR spectroscopy, a chiral NMR shift reagent was used to fully resolve the 1H NMR resonances of d- and l-lactate.

Methods
The production of l-lactate from glucose and d-lactate from methylglyoxal was first demonstrated in freshly isolated red blood cells using the chiral NMR shift reagent, YbDO3A-trisamide. Then, two different cell lines with high GLO1 expression (H1648 and H 1395) were selected from a panel of over 80 well-characterized human NSCLC cell lines, grown to confluence in standard tissue culture media, washed with phosphate-buffered saline, and exposed to glucose in a buffer for 4 h. After 4 h, a small volume of extracellular fluid was collected and mixed with YbDO3A-trisamide for analysis by 1H NMR spectroscopy.

Results
A suspension of freshly isolated red blood cells exposed to 5mM glucose produced l-lactate as expected but very little d-lactate. To evaluate the utility of the chiral NMR shift reagent, methylglyoxal was then added to red cells along with glucose to stimulate the production of d-lactate via the glyoxalate pathway. In this case, both d-lactate and l-lactate were produced and their NMR chemical shifts assigned. NSCLC cell lines with different expression levels of GLO1 produced both l- and d-lactate after incubation with glucose and glutamine alone. A GLO1-deleted parental cell line (3553T3) showed no production of d-lactate from glucose while re-expression of GLO1 resulted in higher production of d-lactate.

Conclusions
The shift-reagent-aided NMR technique demonstrates that d-lactate is produced from glucose in NSCLC cells via the methylglyoxal pathway. The biological role of d-lactate is uncertain but a convenient method for monitoring d-lactate production could provide new insights into the biological roles of d- versus l-lactate in cancer metabolism.
The comparative effect of group dynamic assessment (GDA) and computerized dynamic assessment (C-DA) on Iranian upper-intermediate EFL learners’ speaking complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF)
Authors: Ghahderijani Behnoosh Heshmat , Namaziandost Ehsan , Tavakoli Mona , Kumar Tribhuwan , Magizov Rustem 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study attempted to check the impact of two dynamic assessment (DA) models on speaking CAF. DA, as opposed to static assessment, is conceived as an interactive approach to assessment that integrates teaching and testing into a unified instructional engagement. To achieve the goals of this research, a convenience sample of 90 upper-intermediate male EFL learners that were randomly assigned into GDA, a C-DA, and a non-DA control group participated in the study. Before carrying out the treatment, a speaking pretest was administered to all three groups and their CAF scores were collected. Following that, the treatment using the aforementioned DA and non-DA conventional models was completed in 16 sessions. To check the impact of the treatment, a speaking post-test was given to the groups at the end of the study. Data analysis using ANOVA showed that C-DA and G-DA could significantly increase speaking CAF than the conventional non-DA instruction with C-DA being significantly better than G-DA. The results of this research propose that implementing DA, especially C-DA by the teachers, can enhance the speaking CAF of the L2 learners.
High diagnostic performance of independent alpha-synuclein seed amplification assays for detection of early Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Russo Marco J. , Orru Christina D. , Concha-Marambio Luis , Giaisi Simone , Groveman Bradley R. , Farris Carly M. , Holguin Bret , Hughson Andrew G. , LaFontant David-Erick , Caspell-Garcia Chelsea , Coffey Christopher S. , Mollon Jennifer , Hutten Samantha J. , Merchant Kalpana , Heym Roland G. , Soto Claudio , Caughey Byron , Kang Un Jung 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlpha-synuclein seed amplification assays (αSyn-SAAs) are promising diagnostic tools for Parkinson’s disease (PD) and related synucleinopathies. They enable detection of seeding-competent alpha-synuclein aggregates in living patients and have shown high diagnostic accuracy in several PD and other synucleinopathy patient cohorts. However, there has been confusion about αSyn-SAAs for their methodology, nomenclature, and relative accuracies when performed by various laboratories. We compared αSyn-SAA results obtained from three independent laboratories to evaluate reproducibility across methodological variations. We utilized the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) cohort, with DATSCAN data available for comparison, since clinical diagnosis of early de novo PD is critical for neuroprotective trials, which often use dopamine transporter imaging to enrich their cohorts. Blinded cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples for a randomly selected subset of PPMI subjects (30 PD, 30 HC, and 20 SWEDD), from both baseline and year 3 collections for the PD and HC groups (140 total CSF samples) were analyzed in parallel by each lab according to their own established and optimized αSyn-SAA protocols. The αSyn-SAA results were remarkably similar across laboratories, displaying high diagnostic performance (sensitivity ranging from 86 to 96% and specificity from 93 to 100%). The assays were also concordant for samples with results that differed from clinical diagnosis, including 2 PD patients determined to be clinically inconsistent with PD at later time points. All three assays also detected 2 SWEDD subjects as αSyn-SAA positive who later developed PD with abnormal DAT-SPECT. These multi-laboratory results confirm the reproducibility and value of αSyn-SAA as diagnostic tools, illustrate reproducibility of the assay in expert hands, and suggest that αSyn-SAA has potential to provide earlier diagnosis with comparable or superior accuracy to existing methods.