bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancements in nucleic acids‐based techniques for bone regeneration
Authors: Sidharthan Dharmaraj Saleth , Abhinandan Ranganathan , Balagangadharan Kalimuthu , Selvamurugan Nagarajan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe dynamic biology of bone involving an enormous magnitude of cellular interactions and signaling transduction provides ample biomolecular targets, which can be enhanced or repressed to mediate a rapid regeneration of the impaired bone tissue. The delivery of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA can enhance the expression of osteogenic proteins. Members of the RNA interference pathway such as miRNA and siRNA can repress negative osteoblast differentiation regulators. Advances in nanomaterials have provided researchers with a plethora of delivery modules that can ensure proper transfection. Combining the nucleic acid carrying vectors with bone scaffolds has met with tremendous success in accomplishing bone formation. Recent years have witnessed the advent of CRISPR and DNA nanostructures in regenerative medicine. This review focuses on the delivery of nucleic acids and touches upon the prospect of CRISPR and DNA nanostructures for bone tissue engineering, emphasizing their potential in treating bone defects.
Top 100 most cited journal articles in anatomy
Authors: Couldwell Mitchell W. , Grayson Viktoriya S. , Iwanaga Joe , Loukas Marios , Tubbs R. Shane 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe number of citations a journal article receives can be used to represent its impact on its field. The aim of the current study was to identify and characterize the top 100 cited articles in journals related to anatomy. The Journal Citation Report database was searched to identify journals categorized as anatomy and morphology. The top 15 most highly cited journals were selected for review. The articles from these journals were then sorted by “Times Cited”. The timeline used was 1976–2001. The top 100 most cited articles were extracted for analysis. Articles were excluded if they focused on basic scientific research or animal studies. Fifteen journals were identified based on our criteria using the Journal Citation Report database and the articles were sorted by most cited; 916 anatomy articles were screened to select the top 100 cited since 1976. Among the selected articles, 46 were published in Journal of Anatomy, 13 in Clinical Anatomy, 12 in Microscopy Research and Technique, 11 in Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, seven in Brain Structure & Function, five in Annals of Anatomy ‐ AnatomischerAnzeiger, three in Anatomical Record ‐ Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology, two in Cells Tissues Organs, and one in Developmental Dynamics. Our study identified the top 100 journal articles in anatomy with a clinical and surgical focus. This compilation of articles could help anatomists and clinicians familiarize themselves with impactful research included in terms of study type and field of anatomy, journal of publication, and recurring authors.
Femur morphology in healthy infants and young children
Authors: Bertocci Gina , Brown Nathan P. , Thompson Angela , Bertocci Karen , Adolphi Natalie L. , Dvorscak Lauren , Pierce Mary Clyde 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to characterize femur morphology in healthy infants and young children. Anterior–posterior (AP) radiographs of the femur from children age 0–3 years with no history of bone disease were obtained from two children's hospitals and one medical examiner's office. Femur morphological measures (bone length, minimum diaphysis diameter, growth plate width, and femur radius of curvature) and sectional structural measures were determined. Measures were described and compared based on subject age and mass. Relationships between measures and age and mass were evaluated. The 169 AP femur radiographs were obtained from 99 children (59.6% males, median age = 12.0 months, IQR = 0–27.5 months, median body weight = 10.0 kg, IQR = 4.4–15.6 kg). Femur length (rs = 0.97, p < 0.001; rs = 0.89, p < 0.001), trochanter width (rs = 0.86, p < 0.001; rs = 0.85, p < 0.001), minimum diaphysis diameter (rs = 0.91, p < 0.001; rs = 0.87, p < 0.001), and growth plate width (rs = 0.91, p < 0.001; rs = 0.84, p < 0.001) increased with age and weight, respectively. Cross‐sectional area (rs = 0.87; rs = 0.86; p < 0.01), polar moment of inertia (rs = 0.91; rs = 0.87; p < 0.001), moment of inertia (rs = 0.91; rs = 0.87; p < 0.001), polar modulus (rs = 0.91; rs = 0.87; p < 0.001) and medullary canal diameter (rs = 0.83, p < 0.001; rs = 0.73, p < 0.001) at the minimum diaphysis also increased with age and weight, respectively. Changes during rapid bone growth are important to understanding fracture risk in infants and young children as they transition to independent walking. Femur length, trochanter width, minimum diaphysis diameter and growth plate width increased with age and weight. Structural properties associated with fracture resistance also increased with age and weight.
‘They need somebody to talk to’: Parents' and carers' perceptions of school‐based humanistic counselling
Authors: Longhurst Phaedra , Sumner Amy Louise , Smith Stephanie , Eilenberg Jon , Duncan Charlie , Cooper Mick 
Published: December 2021

AbstractParents and carers are likely to take on a significant responsibility for managing an adolescent's mental health and well‐being. Accordingly, their perceptions provide insight into the value of an intervention. This study explored parents' and carers' perceptions and expectations of school‐based humanistic counselling, as received by a socially diverse group of young people (13–16 years old) in secondary schools in Greater London, UK. Semi‐structured interviews from 17 parents and carers were analysed thematically. Two superordinate themes were identified: (a) the context of counselling, and (b) the content of counselling, the latter referring to stages of the therapeutic process and its outcomes. Schools were perceived as an ideal environment for the provision of professional mental health support, as it reaches young people in a natural, convenient setting and therefore promotes and/or widens access to universal support, as well as targeted interventions. Parents and carers further emphasised the importance of overall well‐being, academic performance and social relationships.
Primary melanoma in the bronchus
Authors: Nigi Akina , Toyoshima Hirokazu , Kondo Shigeto , Tanigawa Motoaki 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrimary malignant melanoma of the lung (PMML) is an extremely rare tumor with a dismal prognosis. Distinguishing PMML from metastatic melanoma of the lung can be difficult without an established treatment protocol for advanced PMML. We present a case of immunotherapy‐treated PMML wherein the patient died 3 months after treatment.
Hierarchical porous nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus ternary doped hollow biomass carbon spheres for high‐speed and long‐life potassium storage
Authors: Yang Mengmeng , Kong Qingquan , Feng Wei , Yao Weitang , Wang Qingyuan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLimited lithium resources have promoted the exploration of new battery technologies. Among them, potassium‐ion batteries are considered as promising alternatives. At present, commercial graphite and other carbon‐based materials have shown good prospects as anodes for potassium‐ion batteries. However, the volume expansion and structural collapse caused by periodic K+ insertion/extraction have severely restricted further development and application of potassium‐ion batteries. A hollow biomass carbon ball (NOP‐PB) ternarily doped with N, O, and P was synthesized and used as the negative electrode of a potassium‐ion battery. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy confirmed that the hollow biomass carbon spheres were successfully doped with N, O, and P. Further analysis proved that N, O, and P ternary doping expands the interlayer distance of the graphite surface and introduces more defect sites. DFT calculations simultaneously proved that the K adsorption energy of the doped structure is greatly improved. The solid hollow hierarchical porous structure buffers the volume expansion of the potassium insertion process, maintains the original structure after a long cycle and promotes the transfer of potassium ions and electrons. Therefore, the NOP‐PB negative electrode shows extremely enhanced electrochemical performance, including high specific capacity, excellent long‐term stability, and good rate stability.
Tuning the Excited State of Tetradentate Pd(II) and Pt(II) Complexes through Benzannulated N‐Heteroaromatic Ring and Central Metal
Authors: Li Guijie , Guo Hua , Fang Xiaoli , Yang Yun‐Fang , Sun Yulu , Lou Weiwei , Zhang Qisheng , She Yuanbin 
Published: December 2021

Comprehensive SummaryA series of tetradentate Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes containing fused 5/6/6 metallocycles with phenyl N‐heteroaromatic benzo[d]imidazole (pbiz), benzo[d]oxazole (pboz) or benzo[d]thiazole (pbthz)‐containing ligands was developed. Systematic studies by experiments and theoretical calculations reveal that both the central metal and the benzannulated N‐heteroaromatic ring have significant influence on the electrochemical, photophysical and excited‐state properties of the Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes. In identical condition, compared to pbiz‐based Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes, the corresponding metal complexes with pboz and pbthz‐containing ligand show significant red‐shift emission spectra. Pd(II) complexes exhibit blue‐shift emission spectra in comparison with the corresponding Pt(II) complexes. The Pt(II) complexes possess more metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) character in their T1 states, which enables the Pt(II) complexes to have much higher quantum efficiencies (ΦPL) and shorter excited‐state lifetimes (τ), resulting in large radiative decay rates (kr). Especially, Pt(pbiz) has a ΦPL of 94% with a τ of 4.0 μs in 5 wt% doped PMMA film at room temperature. Pt(pbiz)‐doped green organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) using 26mCPy as host demonstrated a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 21.6% and a maximum brightness (Lmax) of 55481 cd/m2, which still maintained an EQE of 16.5% and 10.8% at 1000 and 10000 cd/m2, respectively.
Mitochondria‐Targeted Triphenylphosphonium Conjugated C‐3 Modified Betulin: Synthesis, Antitumor Properties and Mechanism of Action
Authors: Xu Geng , Xu Xiaojia , Liu Jiansong , Jia Qi , Ke Changhong , Zhang Hanyuan , Xu Chao , Ou E , Tan Wen , Zhao Yu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA series of mitochondria‐targeted triphenylphosphonium conjugated C‐3 modified betulin were synthesized and evaluated against tumor cells. As a result, a new derivative 13 i, the conjugate of 3‐O‐(3′‐acetylphenylacetate)‐betulin with triphenylphosphonium, was identified as the one with the best anti‐tumor effect. Conjugate 13 i significantly inhibited HCT116 cells with IC50 at 0.66 μM. While betulin, C‐3 modified betulin, and the triphenylphosphonium moiety showed no inhibition of HCT116 cell proliferation at 20 μM. More importantly, 13 i exhibited a more cytotoxic effect against the tumor cell HCT116 than normal cell NCM460. Mode of action studies demonstrated that 13 i induced the G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HCT116 cells through the mitochondrial pathway. Structure‐activity relationship analysis revealed that integration of triphenylphosphonium moiety into the C‐28 of betulin can greatly improve cytotoxicity. Appropriate modification on C‐3 of the conjugate would improve the selectivity.
Measuring and modeling nitrogen export from cranberry farms
Authors: Kennedy Casey D. , Hoekstra Benjamin R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNitrogen (N) pollution is arguably the single greatest threat to coastal water quality in the United States. In the state of Massachusetts, sustainable management of cranberry agriculture requires detailed understanding of potential sources and losses of N, which can contribute to impaired coastal waters. Given the complexity of N transport processes, models are often used to quantify the amount of N delivered from cranberry farms to coastal waters. However, ambiguities in model parameters, inconsistencies in deriving N loading rates, and inaccuracies in spatial coverages leave open questions about the contribution of cranberry agriculture to impaired coastal waters. In this study, we synthesize the methods, assumptions, and results of all N budget studies conducted in cranberry farms from 1995 to 2019. We propose a new analytical framework for measuring N fertilizer export from cranberry farms which includes our best understanding of N retention and transport in cranberry farms. We then apply our results to two watershed land‐use models (Massachusetts Estuaries Project Linked Watershed‐Embayment Model, LM; the Waquoit Bay Nitrogen Loading Model, NLM) to quantify N loads contributed by cranberry farms to the highly eutrophic Wareham River estuary. We find that the LM and NLM are in close agreement with respect to the amount of N delivered from cranberry farms to the Wareham River estuary. In our application of the LM, we estimated that 7791 kg N·yr−1 from cranberry farms, or 15% of the total N load, reached the estuary. By comparison, we found that the NLM estimated slightly higher N loads contributed by cranberry farms to the estuary: 8365 kg N·yr−1, or 16% of the total N load. However, the models gave contrasting estimates of unattenuated N loads from cranberry farms (9670 kg N·yr−1, LM; 12,870 kg N·yr−1, NLM) and the amount of N transmitted through the watershed to the estuary (81% LM; 65% NLM).
Maximum‐likelihood estimation of the geometric niche preemption model
Authors: Graffelman Jan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe geometric series or niche preemption model is an elementary ecological model in biodiversity studies. The preemption parameter of this model is usually estimated by regression or iteratively by using May's equation. This article proposes a maximum‐likelihood estimator for the niche preemption model, assuming a known number of species and multinomial sampling. A simulation study shows that the maximum‐likelihood estimator outperforms the classical estimators in this context in terms of bias and precision. We obtain the distribution of the maximum‐likelihood estimator and use it to obtain confidence intervals for the preemption parameter and to develop a preemption t test that can address the hypothesis of equal geometric decay in two samples. We illustrate the use of the new estimator with some empirical data sets taken from the literature and provide software for its use.
Variable effects of wind‐energy development on seasonal habitat selection of pronghorn
Authors: Milligan Megan C. , Johnston Aaron N. , Beck Jeffrey L. , Smith Kurt T. , Taylor Kaitlyn L. , Hall Embere , Knox Lee , Cufaude Teal , Wallace Cody , Chong Geneva , Kauffman Matthew J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the face of climate change, wind energy represents an important alternative to oil and gas extraction to meet increasing energy demands, but it has the potential to disrupt wildlife populations. Because behavioral adjustments, such as altered habitat selection, are a primary way that long‐lived species respond to novel disturbances, we evaluated effects of wind energy development on pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) space use and habitat selection. Using data from GPS‐collared female pronghorn in the Shirley Basin of south‐central Wyoming, USA, we tested four potential effects of wind turbines on pronghorn space use during the summer and winter: (1) displacement away from wind turbines, (2) increase in size of home ranges, (3) short‐term avoidance behavior within home ranges, and (4) changes in avoidance behavior within home ranges over time. We monitored 166 individuals over five summers (2010, 2011, 2018, 2019, and 2020) and 142 individuals over five winters (2009/2010, 2010/2011, 2011/2012, 2018/2019, and 2019/2020) and used resource selection functions to evaluate selection relative to turbines after controlling for other habitat factors, such as snow depth. Although a lack of consistent negative effects of wind turbines on pronghorn across years suggested that wind energy development may have less severe and more intermittent effects on pronghorn than oil and gas development has had on other ungulates, there was a trend toward increased displacement during the study and behavioral avoidance was apparent for individuals in close proximity to turbines. However, pronghorn were highly variable in their fine‐scale habitat selection, across both individuals and years, which could make effects of wind energy development difficult to detect. Nevertheless, some individuals, particularly those close to wind‐energy facilities, did avoid turbines, which could translate to population‐level behavioral or demographic changes over time and affect the resilience and stability of the population. Over time, the accumulation of development, including wind turbines, roads, and fences, can both limit movement and fragment habitat, potentially reaching a critical threshold beyond which populations are negatively impacted.
Constant gardeners: Endozoochory promotes repeated seedling recruitment in clonal plants
Authors: García‐Rodríguez Alberto , Selva Nuria 
Published: December 2021

AbstractParadoxically, seedlings of clonal plants are rarely observed in nature, despite many of these species producing large amounts of seeds every fruiting season. Studies about clonal plants’ recruitment strategies are usually based on experiments carried out under controlled conditions (e.g., laboratory) and rarely consider frugivores’ effects. We tested the role of endozoochory in the seedling recruitment in natural conditions of the bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus, a widely distributed clonal species and a key resource in temperate and boreal regions of Eurasia, which has been suggested to recruit at occasional windows of opportunity (unpredictable conditions in which seedling recruitment may occur within conspecific adult stands). We marked brown bear Ursus arctos, mesocarnivore (red foxes Vulpes vulpes and martens Martes spp.) and passerine feces containing bilberry seeds in the Tatra Mountains (Carpathian Mountains, Southern Poland) and followed the fate of the embedded seeds during two years. We detected bilberry germination associated with 100%, 87.5%, and 50% of brown bear, mesocarnivore, and passerine feces, and also in 43.6%, 41.2%, and 23.1% of the control plots located 5, 10, and 30 m away from the bear scats, respectively. In bear scats, investigated in more detail, 15.7% of the seedlings survived at least one year. The largest numbers of seedlings were associated with bear scats (154.4 ± 237.3 seedlings/m2), especially to those defecated upon the soil disturbances these animals create next to their resting sites. Our results demonstrate that endozoochory facilitates repeated bilberry seedling recruitment in nature, suggesting that studies on the reproductive strategies of clonal plants must consider the role of frugivores. Some frugivores’ behaviors, such as the defecation by bears in the vicinity of their resting sites, may in fact be crucial for the reproduction of clonal plants and for the adaptation of these species to the current changing climatic conditions.
Genes for Yield Stability in Tomatoes
Authors: Fisher Josef , Zamir Dani 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBreeding plant varieties with adaptation to unstable environments requires some knowledge about the genetic control of yield stability. To further this goal, a meta‐analysis of 12 years of field harvest data of 76 Solanum pennellii introgression lines (ILs) is conducted. Five quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting yield stability are mapped; IL10‐2‐2 is unique as this introgression improved yield stability without affecting mean yield both in the historic data and in four years of field validations. Another dimension of the stability question is which genes when perturbed affect yield stability. For this the authors tested in the field 48 morphological mutants and found one ‘canalization’ mutant (canal‐1) with a consistent effect of reducing the stability of a bouquet of traits including leaf variegation, plant size and yield. canal‐1 mapped to a DNAJ chaperone gene (Solyc01g108200) whose homologues in C. elegans regulate phenotypic canalization. Additional alleles of canal‐1 are generated using CRISPR/CAS9 and the resulting seedlings have uniform variegation suggesting that only specific changes in canal‐1 can lead to unstable variegation and yield instability. The identification of IL10‐2‐2 demonstrates the value of historical phenotypic data for discovering genes for stability. It is also shown that a green‐fruited wild species is a source of QTL to improve tomato yield stability.
Tonian and Cryogenian 40Ar/39Ar hornblende and muscovite ages for the São Gabriel Terrane, Dom Feliciano Belt, southern Brazil
Authors: Siviero Rosemeri S. , Fernandes Luís A.D. , Koester Edinei , Jourdan Frederic 
Published: December 2021

Geochronological 40Ar/39Ar investigations in the São Gabriel Terrane, Dom Feliciano Belt, Brazil, associated with previous structural geology and geochronology studies, allow for a better understanding of Neoproterozoic events in this region. The Sanga da Cachoeira Complex and metasedimentary rocks of Arroio Marmeleiro Complex (U–Pb provenance age > 1.5 Ga) show 40Ar/39Ar spectra with no successful plateau age, attributed to the alteration or excess 40Ar. Tonian (ca. 729 ± 9 Ma) 40Ar/39Ar hornblende age of metadiorites of the Cambaí Complex (U–Pb protolith age ca. 750 Ma) is interpreted to register the age of an early structure in this unit, where hornblende is a mineral of the composite banding fabric formed by remnants of original bedding, locally preserved, and added by metamorphic recrystallization. A cooling rate of at least 5°C/Ma is suggested for the Cambaí Complex, from its crystallization to its metamorphic event. The Cryogenian (<690 ± 8 Ma) 40Ar/39Ar hornblende and muscovite ages belonging to the Imbicuí Complex (protolith age ca. 869 Ma) whose ages are related to the late structure formed by a short and intense activity of the Cerro Branco Shear Zone, which experienced a rapid cooling of 12°C/Ma. The ages from the rocks belonging to such a diverse tectonic setting, including continental and intraoceanic island arc, oceanic crust low‐K amphibolites and meta‐harzburgites, and metasediments, presenting similar nature and fabric orientation, indicate that major tectonic‐magmatic–metamorphic activity was responsible for the accretion of these lithotectonic units that gave rise to the São Gabriel Terrane in southern Brazil.