bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of yttrium nitrate hexahydrate
Authors: Madhusudhana R , Lovesome Benedict S , Krishnamurthy L. , Gopalakrishne Urs R , Vinaykumar L 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Nanostructured coatings are extensively employed in aerospace applications as they unveil unique and excellent properties because of their nano-sized structural behavior. This article focusses on the study of preparation of yttrium (III) nitrate hexahydrate-based nano-sized structural coating obtained by sol-gel method and the analysis of their properties. The properties that are suitable for aerospace applications such as thermal stability, oxidation resistance ability, heat resistant nature, phase stability were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX) characterization techniques.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Modelling and Experimental Study on Pressure drop through Vertical Packed Clay Composite Pellets
Authors: Hiremath C R , Goggal P V , Hiremath SV , Hiremath Punit 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The importance of computational fluid dynamics in the field of packed bed medium is acceptable due to the high-end processor power availability. The studies of the literature have presented the feasibility of CFD as an advanced practical tool for estimating the pressure drop through the packed porous medium. In this work a CFD model was evolved to simulate the pressure drop through vertical clay pellets packed bed by using CFX analysis. Experiments are conducted to measure the pressure drop across vertical static clay composite pellets bed. The maximum deviation between CFD analysis and experimental results for pressure drop through 500 mm bed height is 13%.
Effect of Mean Stress on Fatigue Behavior of Glass Fiber-Reinforced with Epoxy Composites
Authors: Hemanth Kumar C , Swamy R. P. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, fatigue tests have been conducted on the glass fiber reinforced with epoxy (GFRE) composites under completely reversed loading. Test specimens were prepared for fiber orientation of [±45°]2. Further, experimental fatigue data obtained from the S-N curve at stress ratio, R = -1 are analyzed using the Goodman approach for different mean stress levels. It was noted that stress ratios such as 0.5, 2, and 10 had a detrimental effect on the fatigue life of GFRE composites. Whereas, stress ratios such as -1, -2, and -0.5 had beneficial effect on increasing the fatigue life of GFRE composites under cyclic loading.
A Review on Thermal Properties of Hybrid Polymer Matrix Composites
Authors: Vaggar Gurushanth B , Kamate S C , Shetty Rithesh 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The requirement and demand of hybrid polymer composites increasing in every filed of applications day by day due to low weight high strength. Since the polymers have found low thermal properties and low strength to high temperature conditions, similarly glass fibre reinforced epoxy resin composites are high strength and stiffness but poor in thermal stability and easily degrades at high temperatures. Which encourages to enhance thermal properties to increase the thermal stability of glass fibre reinforced epoxy resin composites without compromising the strength and stiffness, solution of that is adding high thermal conductivity filler particles to glass fibre reinforced epoxy resin composites, increases the thermal stability and thermal resistivity.
Comparative Analysis of DIP Techniques to Detect Leaf Diseases in Tomato Plant
Authors: Nikkam Pushpalatha S. , Nandibewoor Archana , Qazi Aijaz , Sakri Leena I. , Nargund Vijayendra , Sajjanar Aishwarya , Porwal Saloni , Bhosale Sujit , Ghorpade Payal 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In India agriculture is the main source of income for generating the economy. Diseases in plants are a major unavoidable problem, and hence detecting the diseases is the necessity of the day in the domain of agriculture. The main diseases found in tomato plants are viral, fungus and bacterial diseases. The detection will help improve the quantity and quality of the products with an optimum yield. In this paper a comparative analysis is carried out for the algorithms Support Vector Machine, Convolution Neural Networks, Decision tree classifier, and k-Nearest Neighbour (k-NN) with the result of 97%,97%,90% and 80% respectively.
Comparison between CMOS full adder and PTL full adder
Authors: Amitha M , Deepa  
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In electronic industry the level of integration is an important aspect as makes the electronic device simpler and more reliable. The device density increases with the better level of integration. Power dissipation, area occupied and delay are some of the important factors that need to be considered. These parameters play a vital role in manufacturing portable electronic gadgets. Designing of full adder using conventional CMOS design and PTL has been shown in this paper. A comparison is made between the two designs with respect to power dissipation, delay and area (number of transistors). Mentor Graphics Tool is used in design and simulation of the full adder. The PTL full adder has a smaller number of transistors and lower power dissipation compared to CMOS full adder. With all the comparison made it will be concluded that the PTL full adder performance is better than the CMOS full adder.
Maternal Cripto is required for proper uterine decidualization and peri-implantation uterine remodeling
Authors: Shafiei Shiva , Farah Omar , Dufort Daniel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Cripto encodes for a cell surface receptor whose role in embryonic development and stem cell maintenance has been studied. Cripto mRNA and protein have been detected in the human uterus at all stages of the menstrual cycle. To date, there is not much known about Cripto’s role in female reproduction. As Cripto null Knockout (KO) is embryonic lethal, we created a conditional KO (cKO) mouse model in which Cripto is deleted only in the reproductive tissues using a Cre-loxP system. Pregnancy rate and number of pups per litter were evaluated as general fertility indices. We observed a significant decrease in pregnancy rate and litter size with loss of uterine Cripto indicating that Cripto cKO females are subfertile. We showed that although the preimplantation period is normal in Cripto cKO females, 20% of cKO females fail to establish pregnancy and an additional 20% of females undergo full litter loss after implantation between day 5.5 postcoitum (d5.5pc) and d8.5pc. We showed that subfertility caused by loss of uterine Cripto is due to defects in uterine decidualization, remodeling, and luminal closure and is accompanied by significant downregulation of Bmp2, Wnt4 and several components of Notch signaling pathway which all are known to be important factors in uterine remodeling and decidualization. Our study demonstrates that Cripto is expressed in the uterus during critical stages of early pregnancy and its deletion results in subfertility due to implantation failure, impaired peri-implantation uterine remodeling and impaired uterine decidualization.
Circulating MicroRNA-210 Concentrations in Patients with Acute Heart Failure: Data from the Akershus Cardiac Examination 2 Study
Authors: Rutkovskiy Arkady , Lyngbakken Magnus Nakrem , Dahl Mai Britt , Bye Anja , Pedersen Marit Holmefjord , Wisløff Ulrik , Christensen Geir , Høiseth Arne Didrik , Omland Torbjørn , Røsjø Helge 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
MicroRNA (miR)-210 expression is induced by acute and chronic hypoxia and provides prognostic information in patients with aortic stenosis and acute coronary syndrome. We hypothesized that circulating miR-210 concentrations could provide diagnostic and prognostic information in patients with acute heart failure (HF).

Methods
We measured miR-210 concentrations in serum samples on admission from 314 patients hospitalized for acute dyspnea and 9 healthy control subjects. The diagnostic and prognostic properties of miR-210 were tested in patients after adjudication of all diagnoses and with median follow-up of 464 days.

Results
All patients and control subjects had miR-210 concentrations within the range of detection, and the analytical variation was low as the coefficient of variation of synthetic spike-in RNA was 4%. Circulating miR-210 concentrations were increased in patients with HF compared to healthy control subjects, but miR-210 concentrations did not separate patients with acute HF (n = 143) from patients with non-HF-related dyspnea (n = 171): the area under the curve was 0.50 (95% CI 0.43–0.57). Circulating miR-210 concentrations were associated with mortality (n = 114) after adjustment for clinical risk factors (hazard ratio 1.65 [95% CI 1.03–2.62] per unit miR-210 increase), but this association was attenuated and not significant after adjustment for established cardiac protein biomarkers.

Conclusions
Circulating miR-210 concentrations are associated with mortality, but do not add to established protein biomarkers for diagnosis or prognosis in patients with acute dyspnea.
Critical antiracist pedagogy in ELT
Authors: Kubota Ryuko 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAntiracism constitutes an important component of social justice in ELT. Yet, discussing racism is often evaded, leaving the concept of racism inadequately understood. This article aims to illuminate racism and invite readers to engage in race-aware discourses and enact critical antiracism. I first outline key issues, including what race is, how race and language are related, and what different forms of racism exist. The complex nature of racism invites ELT professionals to engage in critical antiracist pedagogy, which requires de-essentializing, de-simplifying, de-silencing, and decolonizing antiracism. Critical antiracist pedagogy recognizes intersectionality, different forms of racism, the need for explicit discussion, and the privilege that settlers of color possess in settler colonialism, the latter of which indicates the need for forging solidarity among racialized groups. It also requires critical reflexivity of complicity and privilege involved in antiracist enactment. I provide pedagogical recommendations founded on a dialogic approach with situational ethics and reflexivity.1
Transcriptomic response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to octanoic acid production
Authors: Baumann Leonie , Doughty Tyler , Siewers Verena , Nielsen Jens , Boles Eckhard , Oreb Mislav 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
The medium-chain fatty acid octanoic acid is an important platform compound widely used in industry. The microbial production from sugars in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a promising alternative to current non-sustainable production methods, however, titers need to be further increased. To achieve this, it is essential to have in-depth knowledge about the cell physiology during octanoic acid production. To this end, we collected the first RNA-Seq data of an octanoic acid producer strain at three time points during fermentation. The strain produced higher levels of octanoic acid and increased levels of fatty acids of other chain lengths (C6–C18) but showed decreased growth compared to the reference. Furthermore, we show that the here analyzed transcriptomic response to internally produced octanoic acid is notably distinct from a wild type's response to externally supplied octanoic acid as reported in previous publications. By comparing the transcriptomic response of different sampling times, we identified several genes that we subsequently overexpressed and knocked out, respectively. Hereby we identified RPL40B, to date unknown to play a role in fatty acid biosynthesis or medium-chain fatty acid tolerance. Overexpression of RPL40B led to an increase in octanoic acid titers by 40%.
Environmental Counterclaims in Investment Treaty Arbitration
Authors: Scherer Maxi , Bruce Stuart , Reschke Juliane 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Through design of international investment agreements, foreign investors may bring international claims against the States in which they invest, challenging domestic executive and regulatory measures, including those related to the environment and sustainable development. In contrast, host States are usually limited to defending claims brought against them. The capacity for a host State to bring an independent counterclaim has been tested in only a handful of cases, some of which involved environmental considerations. This article considers those cases and the potential for counterclaims to help enforce national and international objectives related to the environment. It does so by setting out the legal framework for counterclaims by host States, analyzing how jurisdiction, admissibility and causes of action involving environmental obligations under domestic and international law may be satisfied, and the attendant consequences for liability and compensation. It then considers the implications of counterclaims for future investment disputes, given the rapid development of international and domestic environmental law and policy, especially in the context of corporate governance, climate change and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associations with biomass- and fossil-fuel-combustion fine-particulate-matter exposures in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md Mostafijur , Begum Bilkis A , Hopke Philip K , Nahar Kamrun , Newman Jonathan , Thurston George D 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Fine-particulate-matter (i.e. with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 µm, PM2.5) air pollution is commonly treated as if it had ‘equivalent toxicity’, irrespective of the source and composition. We investigate the respective roles of fossil-fuel- and biomass-combustion particles in the PM2.5 relationship with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality using tracers of sources in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Results provide insight into the often observed levelling of the PM2.5 exposure–response curve at high-pollution levels.

Methods
A time-series regression model, adjusted for potentially confounding influences, was applied to 340 758 cardiovascular disease (CVD) emergency-department visits (EDVs) during January 2014 to December 2017, 253 407 hospital admissions during September 2013 to December 2017 and 16 858 CVD deaths during January 2014 to October 2017.

Results
Significant associations were confirmed between PM2.5-mass exposures and increased risk of cardiovascular EDV [0.27%, (0.07% to 0.47%)] at lag-0, hospitalizations [0.32% (0.08% to 0.55%)] at lag-0 and deaths [0.87%, (0.27% to 1.47%)] at lag-1 per 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5. However, the relationship of PM2.5 with morbidity and mortality effect slopes was less steep and non-significant at higher PM2.5 concentrations (during crop-burning-dominated exposures) and varied with PM2.5 source. Fossil-fuel-combustion PM2.5 had roughly a four times greater effect on CVD mortality and double the effect on CVD hospital admissions on a per-µg/m3 basis than did biomass-combustion PM2.5.

Conclusion
Biomass burning was responsible for most PM2.5 air pollution in Dhaka, but fossil-fuel-combustion PM2.5 dominated the CVD adverse health impacts. Such by-source variations in the health impacts of PM2.5 should be considered in conducting ambient particulate-matter risk assessments, as well as in prioritizing air-pollution-mitigation measures and clinical advice.
Modelling team performance in soccer using tactical features derived from position tracking data
Authors: Goes F R , Kempe M , van Norel J , Lemmink K A P M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Decision-makers in soccer routinely assess the tactical behaviour of a team and its opponents both during and after the game to optimize performance. Currently, this assessment is typically driven by notational analysis and observation. Therefore, potential high-impact decisions are often made based on limited or even biased information. With the current study, we aimed to quantitatively assess tactical performance by abstracting a set of spatiotemporal features from the general offensive principles of play in soccer using position tracking data, and to train a machine learning classifier to predict match outcome based on these features computed over the full game as well as only parts of the game. Based on the results of these analyses, we describe a proof of concept of a decision support system for coaches and managers. In an analysis of 302 professional Dutch Eredivisie matches, we were able to train a Linear Discriminant Analysis model to predict match outcome with fair to good (74.1%) accuracy with features computed over the full match, and 67.9% accuracy with features computed over only 1/4th of the match. We therefore conclude that using only position tracking data, we can provide valuable feedback to coaches about how their team is executing the various principles of play, and how these principles are contributing to overall performance.
Improving the delivery of palliative care through predictive modeling and healthcare informatics
Authors: Murphree Dennis H , Wilson Patrick M , Asai Shusaku W , Quest Daniel J , Lin Yaxiong , Mukherjee Piyush , Chhugani Nirmal , Strand Jacob J , Demuth Gabriel , Mead David , Wright Brian , Harrison Andrew , Soleimani Jalal , Herasevich Vitaly , Pickering Brian W , Storlie Curtis B 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objective
Access to palliative care (PC) is important for many patients with uncontrolled symptom burden from serious or complex illness. However, many patients who could benefit from PC do not receive it early enough or at all. We sought to address this problem by building a predictive model into a comprehensive clinical framework with the aims to (i) identify in-hospital patients likely to benefit from a PC consult, and (ii) intervene on such patients by contacting their care team.

Materials and Methods
Electronic health record data for 68 349 inpatient encounters in 2017 at a large hospital were used to train a model to predict the need for PC consult. This model was published as a web service, connected to institutional data pipelines, and consumed by a downstream display application monitored by the PC team. For those patients that the PC team deems appropriate, a team member then contacts the patient’s corresponding care team.

Results
Training performance AUC based on a 20% holdout validation set was 0.90. The most influential variables were previous palliative care, hospital unit, Albumin, Troponin, and metastatic cancer. The model has been successfully integrated into the clinical workflow making real-time predictions on hundreds of patients per day. The model had an “in-production” AUC of 0.91. A clinical trial is currently underway to assess the effect on clinical outcomes.

Conclusions
A machine learning model can effectively predict the need for an inpatient PC consult and has been successfully integrated into practice to refer new patients to PC.
Reduced viscosity mutants of Trichoderma reesei with improved industrial fermentation characteristics
Authors: Bodie Elizabeth , Virag Aleksandra , Pratt Robert J , Leiva Nicholas , Ward Michael , Dodge Tim 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Morphological mutants of Trichoderma reesei were isolated following chemical or insertional mutagenesis. The mutant strains were shown to have reduced viscosity under industrially relevant fermentation conditions and to have maintained high specific productivity of secreted protein. This allowed higher biomass concentration to be maintained during the production phase and, consequently, increased volumetric productivity of secreted protein. The causative mutations were traced to four individual genes (designated sfb3, ssb7, seb1, and mpg1). We showed that two of the morphological mutations could be combined in a single strain to further reduce viscosity and enable a 100% increase in volumetric productivity.
Pharmacists' perspectives on providing the COVID-19 vaccine in community pharmacies
Authors: Mukattash Tareq L , Jarab Anan S , Abu Farha Rana K , Nusair Mohammad B , Al Muqatash Saqer 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The objective of this study was to explore community pharmacists’ perspectives on administering COVID-19 vaccine in community pharmacies in Jordan.

Methods
Purposeful sampling was used to identify a list of 100 community pharmacies which were approached to participate in the study. Twenty-three interviews were needed to reach data saturation. In-depth interviews were conducted, recorded, transcribed and analysed using NVivo 11 software. Interviews followed a previously prepared and validated 12-item interview guide. The interview guide discussed pharmacists’ perspectives on providing the COVID-19 vaccine in community pharmacies.

Key findings
The three overarching themes which described the participating pharmacists’ views towards administrating the COVID-19 vaccine in community pharmacies were advantage, support and barriers. The reported advantages included expediting the COVID-19 vaccination process, convince people to take the vaccine, increased patient accessibility to vaccines and aiding the healthcare system in the vaccination process. Respondents indicated that they would be more willing to administer the COVID-19 vaccine if they received the needed support from the Ministry of Health and the Pharmacists Association. Furthermore, from the respondents’ perspectives, the main barriers to this practice were having no confidence in the vaccine, risk of adverse effects and lack of training and expertise.

Conclusions
Respondents reported a positive attitude towards administering the COVID-19 vaccine in community pharmacies. Respondents highlighted that they could help fighting the pandemic through administering the vaccine and expedite the vaccination process.
Suboptimal Intermediates Underlie Evolution of the Bicoid Homeodomain
Authors: Onal Pinar , Gunasinghe Himari Imaya , Umezawa Kristaley Yui , Zheng Michael , Ling Jia , Azeez Leen , Dalmeus Anecine , Tazin Tasmima , Small Stephen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Changes in regulatory networks generate materials for evolution to create phenotypic diversity. For transcription networks, multiple studies have shown that alterations in binding sites of cis-regulatory elements correlate well with the gain or loss of specific features of the body plan. Less is known about alterations in the amino acid sequences of the transcription factors (TFs) that bind these elements. Here we study the evolution of Bicoid (Bcd), a homeodomain (HD) protein that is critical for anterior embryo patterning in Drosophila. The ancestor of Bcd (AncBcd) emerged after a duplication of a Zerknullt (Zen)-like ancestral protein (AncZB) in a suborder of flies. AncBcd diverged from AncZB, gaining novel transcriptional and translational activities. We focus on the evolution of the HD of AncBcd, which binds to DNA and RNA, and is comprised of four subdomains: an N-terminal arm (NT) and three helices; H1, H2, and Recognition Helix (RH). Using chimeras of subdomains and gene rescue assays in Drosophila, we show that robust patterning activity of the Bcd HD (high frequency rescue to adulthood) is achieved only when amino acid substitutions in three separate subdomains (NT, H1, and RH) are combined. Other combinations of subdomains also yield full rescue, but with lower penetrance, suggesting alternative suboptimal activities. Our results suggest a multistep pathway for the evolution of the Bcd HD that involved intermediate HD sequences with suboptimal activities, which constrained and enabled further evolutionary changes. They also demonstrate critical epistatic forces that contribute to the robust function of a DNA-binding domain.