bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of Colloid Transport and Retention Using a Pore‐Network Model With Roughness and Chemical Heterogeneity on Pore Surfaces
Authors: Lin Dantong , Hu Liming , Bradford Scott Alan , Zhang Xinghao , Lo Irene M.C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractColloid transport and retention in porous media is a common phenomenon in both nature and industry. However, many questions remain on how to obtain colloid transport and retention parameters. Previous work usually assumed constant transport parameters in a medium under a given physicochemical condition. In this study, pore‐network modeling is employed to upscale colloid transport and retention from the pore‐scale to the macro‐scale. The pore‐scale transport parameters including the collection efficiency (η), the sticking efficiency (α), and the fraction of the solid‐water interface that contributes to the colloid attachment (Sf) are obtained using numerical simulation and probability analysis for each pore throat. The influence of roughness and charge heterogeneity on the distribution of pore‐scale parameters is discussed. Breakthrough curves and the retention profiles under different roughness and charge heterogeneity conditions are also analyzed. Results show that pore‐scale parameters η, α, and Sf have various distributions in porous media that may not be accurately described using single‐valued effective parameters. The value of η decreases with velocity and exhibits a wide distribution under low‐velocity conditions. The parameter α tends to decrease with the colloid size and the pore water velocity and increased with the charge heterogeneity fraction. Nanoscale roughness alters α in a non‐monotonic fashion but tends to increase for lower roughness fractions and zeta potential. Microscopic roughness increases values of α for colloids that would otherwise be susceptible to hydrodynamic removal. Breakthrough curves and retention profiles show that more retention occurs for smaller particles, which reflects the influence of blocking.
FAM83B inhibits ovarian cancer cisplatin resistance through inhibiting Wnt pathway
Authors: He Shanyang , Wang Wei , Wan Zhiyong , Shen Hongwei , Zhao Yunhe , You Zeshan , Liu Jun , Zhu Liwen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCisplatin resistance is frequently occurred in ovarian cancer therapy, understanding its regulatory mechanisms is critical for developing novel treatment methods and drugs. Here, we found ovarian cancer patients with low FAM83B levels had shorter survival time, tissues with cisplatin resistance also had low FAM83B levels, suggesting FAM83B might inhibit cisplatin resistance. FAM83B overexpression inhibits cisplatin resistance showed in increased ovarian cancer cell proliferation and growth rate, and reduced apoptosis rate, while FAM83B knockdown promotes cisplatin resistance. Mechanism analysis showed FAM83B interacted with APC to inhibit Wnt pathway activity, causing ovarian cancer cisplatin resistance. We also found FAM83B levels were negative with Wnt pathway activity in clinic samples, confirming FAM83B inhibited Wnt pathway activity. In summary, we found FAM83B inhibits ovarian cancer cisplatin resistance through inhibiting Wnt pathway, providing a new target for ovarian cancer therapy.
Human leukocyte antigen class II quantification by targeted mass spectrometry in dendritic-like cell lines and monocyte-derived dendritic cells
Authors: Casasola-LaMacchia A. , Ritorto M. S. , Seward R. J. , Ahyi-Amendah N. , Ciarla A. , Hickling T. P. , Neubert H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe major histocompatibility complex II (HLA-II) facilitates the presentation of antigen-derived peptides to CD4+ T-cells. Antigen presentation is not only affected by peptide processing and intracellular trafficking, but also by mechanisms that govern HLA-II abundance such as gene expression, biosynthesis and degradation. Herein we describe a mass spectrometry (MS) based HLA-II-protein quantification method, applied to dendritic-like cells (KG-1 and MUTZ-3) and human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs). This method monitors the proteotypic peptides VEHWGLDKPLLK, VEHWGLDQPLLK and VEHWGLDEPLLK, mapping to the α-chains HLA-DQA1, -DPA1 and -DRA1/DQA2, respectively. Total HLA-II was detected at 176 and 248 fmol per million unstimulated KG-1 and MUTZ-3 cells, respectively. In contrast, TNF- and LPS-induced MUTZ-3 cells showed a 50- and 200-fold increase, respectively, of total α-chain as measured by MS. HLA-II protein levels in unstimulated DCs varied significantly between donors ranging from ~ 4 to ~ 50 pmol per million DCs. Cell surface HLA-DR levels detected by flow cytometry increased 2- to 3-fold after DC activation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in contrast to a decrease or no change in total HLA α-chain as determined by MS. HLA-DRA1 was detected as the predominant variant, representing > 90% of total α-chain, followed by DPA1 and DQA1 at 3–7% and ≤ 1%, respectively.
Co-application of a biosolids product and biochar to two coarse-textured pasture soils influenced microbial N cycling genes and potential for N leaching
Authors: Shanmugam Sanjutha , Jenkins Sasha N. , Mickan Bede S. , Jaafar Noraini Md , Mathes Falko , Solaiman Zakaria M. , Abbott Lynette K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCo-application of biochar and biosolids to soil has potential to mitigate N leaching due to physical and chemical properties of biochar. Changes in N cycling pathways in soil induced by co-application of biological amendments could further mitigate N loss, but this is largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to determine whether co-application of a biochar and a modified biosolids product to three pasture soils differing in texture could alter the relative abundance of N cycling genes in soil sown with subterranean clover. The biosolids product contained lime and clay and increased subterranean clover shoot biomass in parallel with increases in soil pH and soil nitrate. Its co-application with biochar similarly increased plant growth and soil pH with a marked reduction in nitrate in two coarse textured soils but not in a clayey soil. While application of the biosolids product altered in silico predicted N cycling functional genes, there was no additional change when applied to soil in combination with biochar. This supports the conclusion that co-application of the biochar and biosolids product used here has potential to mitigate loss of N in coarse textured soils due to N adsoption by the biochar and independently of microbial N pathways.
Tannic acid-functionalized HEPA filter materials for influenza virus capture
Authors: Kim Subin , Chung Jinhyo , Lee Sang Hyun , Yoon Jeong Hyeon , Kweon Dae-Hyuk , Chung Woo-Jae 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInfluenza, one of the most contagious and infectious diseases, is predominantly transmitted through aerosols, leading to the development of filter-based protective equipment. Though the currently available filters are effective at removing submicron-sized particulates, filter materials with enhanced virus-capture efficiency are still in demand. Coating or chemically modifying filters with molecules capable of binding influenza viruses has received attention as a promising approach for the production of virus-capturing filters. For this purpose, tannic acid (TA), a plant-derived polyphenol, is a promising molecule for filter functionalization because of its antiviral activities and ability to serve as a cost-efficient adhesive for various materials. This study demonstrates the facile preparation of TA-functionalized high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter materials and their efficiency in influenza virus capture. Polypropylene HEPA filter fabrics were coated with TA via a dipping/washing process. The TA-functionalized HEPA filter (TA-HF) exhibits a high in-solution virus capture efficiency of up to 2,723 pfu/mm2 within 10 min, which is almost two orders of magnitude higher than that of non-functionalized filters. This result suggests that the TA-HF is a potent anti-influenza filter that can be used in protective equipment to prevent the spread of pathogenic viruses.
Thermal conductivity of an ultracold Fermi gas in the BCS-BEC crossover
Authors: Zhou Hang , Ma Yongli 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecent experiments on sound waves in a unitary Fermi gas reveal many transport properties about strongly interacting fermions. Sound propagates through the coupling of momentum and heat transport, and attenuates strongly with the presence of a phase transition. In this work, focusing on the temperature regimes near and below the superfluid critical temperature $$T_c$$

T
c

in the BCS-BEC crossover, we present a Kubo-based microscopic calculation of thermal conductivity $$\kappa$$
κ
, which has not attracted much attention compared to the shear viscosity. Our approach primarily addresses the contributions of the fermionic quasiparticles to thermal transport and our results return to the kinetic descriptions at high temperatures. $$\kappa$$
κ
drops upon crossing the pseudogap temperature $$T^*$$

T
∗

, and its temperature dependence changes below $$T_c$$

T
c

. The drops become more pronounced on the weakly coupled BCS side, where the Pauli blocking causes the upturn of $$\kappa$$
κ
above $$T^*$$

T
∗

. Our calculations fit well with the sound measurement on the damping rate.
Investigation of membrane fouling mechanism of intracellular organic matter during ultrafiltration
Authors: Huang Weiwei , Zhu Yuanhong , Dong Bingzhi , Lv Weiwei , Yuan Quan , Zhou Wenzong , Lv Weiguang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the ultrafiltration (UF) membrane fouling mechanism of intracellular organic matter (IOM) from Chlorella vulgaris (CV) and Microcystis aeruginosa (MA). Both CV- and MA-IOM caused severe membrane fouling during UF; however, there were significant differences in the membrane fouling by these two materials. Neutral hydrophilic (N-HPI) compounds were the organics that caused the most severe membrane fouling during CV-IOM filtration, whereas the MA-IOM membrane fouling was induced by mainly hydrophobic (HPO) organics. From an analysis based on Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek theory, it was found that the interaction energy between the membrane and foulants in the later stage of filtration was the major factor determining the efficiency of filtration for both CV-IOM and MA-IOM. The TPI organics in CV-IOM fouled the membrane to a more severe degree during the initial filtration flux; however, when the membrane surface was covered with CV-IOM foulants, the N-HPI fraction of CV-IOM caused the most severe membrane fouling because its attractive energy with the membrane was the highest. For MA-IOM, regardless of the initial filtration flux or the late stage of filtration, the HPO organics fouled the membrane to the greatest extent. An analysis of modified filtration models revealed that cake layer formation played a more important role than other fouling mechanisms during the filtration of CV-IOM and MA-IOM. This study provides a significant understanding of the membrane fouling mechanism of IOM and is beneficial for developing some strategies for membrane fouling control when treating MA and CV algae-laden waters.
Suprabasin-derived bioactive peptides identified by plasma peptidomics
Authors: Taguchi Tomomi , Kodera Yoshio , Oba Kazuhito , Saito Tatsuya , Nakagawa Yuzuru , Kawashima Yusuke , Shichiri Masayoshi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIdentification of low-abundance, low-molecular-weight native peptides using non-tryptic plasma has long remained an unmet challenge, leaving potential bioactive/biomarker peptides undiscovered. We have succeeded in efficiently removing high-abundance plasma proteins to enrich and comprehensively identify low-molecular-weight native peptides using mass spectrometry. Native peptide sequences were chemically synthesized and subsequent functional analyses resulted in the discovery of three novel bioactive polypeptides derived from an epidermal differentiation marker protein, suprabasin. SBSN_HUMAN[279–295] potently suppressed food/water intake and induced locomotor activity when injected intraperitoneally, while SBSN_HUMAN[225–237] and SBSN_HUMAN[243–259] stimulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines via activation of NF-κB signaling in vascular cells. SBSN_HUMAN[225–237] and SBSN_HUMAN[279–295] immunoreactivities were present in almost all human organs analyzed, while immunoreactive SBSN_HUMAN[243–259] was abundant in the liver and pancreas. Human macrophages expressed the three suprabasin-derived peptides. This study illustrates a new approach for discovering unknown bioactive peptides in plasma via the generation of peptide libraries using a novel peptidomic strategy.
Tailored co-localization analysis of intracellular microbes and punctum-distributed phagosome–lysosome pathway proteins using ImageJ plugin EzColocalization
Authors: Wu Kang , Yan Bo , Lowrie Douglas B. , Li Tao , Fan Xiao-Yong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractImmunofluorescence is indispensable to monitor redistribution of proteins involved in phagosome–lysosome association pathway-relevant (P–LApr) proteins. The software digitizing the signals of these proteins in an unbiased and automated manner is generally costly and not widely available. The open-source ImageJ plugin EzColocalization, which is for co-localization analysis of reporters in cells, was not straightforward and sufficient for such analysis. We describe here the input of custom Java code in a novel tailored protocol using EzColocalization to digitize the signals of punctum-distributed P–LApr proteins co-localized with phagosomes and to calculate percentages of phagosomes engaged. We showed that SYBR Gold nucleic acid dye could visualize intracellular mycobacteria that did not express a fluorescent protein. This protocol was validated by showing that IFN-γ enhanced the co-localization of a punctum-distributed P–LApr protein (LC3) with Mycobacterium bovis BCG in the monocyte/macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells and that there was greater co-localization of LC3 with BCG than with M. tuberculosis H37Rv in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Although BCG and a derived strain (rBCG-PA) showed a similarly high degree co-localization with LC3 in BMDMs, in RAW264.7 cells BCG showed much less co-localization with LC3 than rBCG-PA indicating the need for caution in interpreting biological significance from studies in cell lines.
Mechanism of action and potential applications of selective inhibition of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1-mediated PGE2 biosynthesis by sonlicromanol’s metabolite KH176m
Authors: Jiang X. , Renkema H. , Pennings B. , Pecheritsyna S. , Schoeman J. C. , Hankemeier T. , Smeitink J. , Beyrath J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIncreased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels were detected in mitochondrial disease patient cells harboring nuclear gene mutations in structural subunits of complex I, using a metabolomics screening approach. The increased levels of this principal inflammation mediator normalized following exposure of KH176m, an active redox-modulator metabolite of sonlicromanol (KH176). We next demonstrated that KH176m selectively inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced PGE2 production in control skin fibroblasts. Comparable results were obtained in the mouse macrophage-like cell line RAW264.7. KH176m selectively inhibited mPGES-1 activity, as well as the inflammation-induced expression of mPGES-1. Finally, we showed that the effect of KH176m on mPGES-1 expression is due to the inhibition of a PGE2-driven positive feedback control-loop of mPGES-1 transcriptional regulation. Based on the results obtained we discuss potential new therapeutic applications of KH176m and its clinical stage parent drug candidate sonlicromanol in mitochondrial disease and beyond.
Myopic reallocation of extraction improves collective outcomes in networked common-pool resource games
Authors: Schauf Andrew , Oh Poong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhen individuals extract benefits from multiple resources, the decision they face is twofold: besides choosing how much total effort to exert for extraction, they must also decide how to allocate this effort. We focus on the allocation aspect of this choice in an iterated game played on bipartite networks of agents and common-pool resources (CPRs) that degrade linearly in quality as extraction increases. When CPR users attempt to reallocate their extraction efforts among resources to maximize their own payoffs in the very next round (that is, myopically), collective wealth is increased. Using a heterogeneous mean-field approach, we estimate how these reallocations affect the payoffs of CPR users of different degrees within networks having different levels of degree heterogeneity. Focusing specifically on Nash equilibrium initial conditions, which represent the patterns of over-exploitation that result from rational extraction, we find that networks with greater heterogeneity among CPR degrees show greater improvements over equilibrium due to reallocation. When the marginal utility of extraction diminishes, these reallocations also reduce wealth inequality. These findings emphasize that CPR users’ adaptive reallocations of effort—a behavior that previously-studied network evolutionary game models typically disallow by construction—can serve to direct individuals’ self-interest toward the collective good.
Inhibitory effect of thymol on pheromone-mediated attraction in two pest moth species
Authors: López Sergio , Domínguez Aroa , Guerrero Ángel , Quero Carmen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPlant essential oils are considered as important bio-sources for the development of natural and environmentally safe pest control tools due to their multiple modes of action on insects. In this paper we have evaluated the activity of commercially available thyme oil and its constituents thymol, carvacrol, andp-cymene, as potential disruptants of the pheromone-mediated communication in the major pest mothsSpodoptera littoralisBoisduval (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), andGrapholita molesta(Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). In electroantennographic assays, the antennal response of males to thyme oil, thymol, and carvacrol was altered at high doses (103–104 µg), shifting the signal waveform into a biphasic negative–positive potential that caused a decay in the response. In wind tunnel assays, pheromone-mediated attraction of males of both species was interrupted in presence of thyme oil. Further trials demonstrated that thymol alone reduced the number ofG. molestaandS. littoralismales landing on the pheromone source. This effect did not differ from that of thyme oil, although the latter provoked a significant reduction on downwind behavior steps inS. littoralis. Overall, our findings provide a preliminary basis for delving into the effect of thyme oil, and especially of its major constituent thymol, as potential mating disruptants of both species.
Establishing primary surface rupture evidence and magnitude of the 1697 CE Sadiya earthquake at the Eastern Himalayan Frontal thrust, India
Authors: Pandey Arjun , Jayangondaperumal R. , Hetényi György , Priyanka Rao Singh , Singh Ishwar , Srivastava Pradeep , Srivastava Hari B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHistorical archives refer to often recurring earthquakes along the Eastern Himalaya for which geological evidence is lacking, raising the question of whether these events ruptured the surface or remained blind, and how do they contribute to the seismic budget of the region, which is home to millions of inhabitants. We report a first mega trench excavation at Himebasti village, Arunachal Pradesh, India, and analyze it with modern geological techniques. The study includes twenty-one radiocarbon dates to limit the timing of displacement after 1445 CE, suggesting that the area was devastated in the 1697 CE event, known as Sadiya Earthquake, with a dip-slip displacement of 15.3 ± 4.6 m. Intensity prediction equations and scaling laws for earthquake rupture size allow us to constraints a magnitude of Mw 7.7–8.1 and a minimum rupture length of ~ 100 km for the 1697 CE earthquake.
The effects of walking speed and mobile phone use on the walking dynamics of young adults
Authors: Crowley Patrick , Vuillerme Nicolas , Samani Afshin , Madeleine Pascal 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWalking while using a mobile phone has been shown to affect the walking dynamics of young adults. However, this has only been investigated using treadmill walking at a fixed walking speed. In this study, the dynamics of over ground walking were investigated using lower trunk acceleration measured over 12 consecutive trials, following differing walking speed and mobile phone use instructions. Higher walking speed significantly increased the proportion of acceleration along the vertical measurement axis, while decreasing the proportion of acceleration along the anteroposterior axis (p < 0.001). Moreover, higher walking speed also resulted in increased sample entropy along all measurement axes (p < 0.05). When walking while texting, the maximum Lyapunov exponent increased along the anteroposterior and vertical measurement axes (p < 0.05), while sample entropy decreased significantly along the vertical axis (p < 0.001). Walking speed and mobile phone use both affect the walking dynamics of young adults. Walking while texting appears to produce a reduction in local dynamic stability and an increase in regularity, however, caution is required when interpreting the extent of this task effect, since walking speed also affected walking dynamics.
Reactive oxygen species rescue regeneration after silencing the MAPK–ERK signaling pathway in Schmidtea mediterranea
Authors: Jaenen V. , Fraguas S. , Bijnens K. , Heleven M. , Artois T. , Romero R. , Smeets K. , Cebrià F. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDespite extensive research on molecular pathways controlling the process of regeneration in model organisms, little is known about the actual initiation signals necessary to induce regeneration. Recently, the activation of ERK signaling has been shown to be required to initiate regeneration in planarians. However, how ERK signaling is activated remains unknown. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are well-known early signals necessary for regeneration in several models, including planarians. Still, the probable interplay between ROS and MAPK/ERK has not yet been described. Here, by interfering with major mediators (ROS, EGFR and MAPK/ERK), we were able to identify wound-induced ROS, and specifically H2O2, as upstream cues in the activation of regeneration. Our data demonstrate new relationships between regeneration-related ROS production and MAPK/ERK activation at the earliest regeneration stages, as well as the involvement of the EGFR-signaling pathway. Our results suggest that (1) ROS and/or H2O2 have the potential to rescue regeneration after MEK-inhibition, either by H2O2-treatment or light therapy, (2) ROS and/or H2O2 are required for the activation of MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, (3) the EGFR pathway can mediate ROS production and the activation of MAPK/ERK during planarian regeneration.