bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatio-Temporal Trend Mapping of Precipitation and its Extremes Across Afghanistan (1951-2010)
Authors: Aliyar Quarban , Dhungana Santosh , Shrestha Sangam 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The civil war, harsh climate, tough topography and lack of accurate meteorological stations has limited observed data across Afghanistan. In order to fulfill the gap, this study analyzed the trend in precipitation and its extremes using Asian Precipitation Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation (APHRODITE) daily dataset between 1951 to 2010 at the spatial resolution of 0.25˚˟0.25˚. Non-parametric modified Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator were employed to detect trend and quantify it at the significance level of 5%. Significant decreasing trends were observed only in small clusters of southwestern regions ranging between 0 to -1.5mm/year and northeastern region between -1.5 to -6 mm/year for the annual time series. Similar trend pattern was observed in spring season decreasing at the rate of -0.15 to 0.54 mm/year in northeastern and 0 to -0.15 mm/year southwestern region. Decrease in spring precipitation is expected to affect crop production especially in northeastern region which host 22 % of the arable area. Increasing trend in eastern region at maximum of 0.16 mm/year was observed which could intensify the flooding events. Trend analysis of extreme precipitation indices indicated similar spatial distribution to the mean precipitation, concentrated around southwestern, northeastern, and eastern regions. Increasing frequency of consecutive dry days in western region and very heavy precipitation (R10mm) and extremely heavy precipitation (R20mm) in eastern region are fueling the occurrence of droughts and floods respectively. Taking these findings of erratic nature of rainfall and extreme events into consideration for sustainable management of water resources would be fruitful.
Tranexamic acid for reducing blood loss following vaginal delivery: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.
Authors: Igboke Francis , Lawani Lucky , Obi Vitus , Dimejesi Ikechukwu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide with the highest incidence in the developing countries. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a useful drug for prevention of PPH and merits evaluation in our environment. This study evaluates the efficacy of TXA in reducing blood loss following vaginal delivery.Methods: This was a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study on the efficacy and safety of intravenous TXA in reducing blood loss in women undergoing vaginal delivery in a tertiary hospital. Data analysis was conducted with IBM SPSS software (version 20, Chicago II, USA). P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The mean estimated blood loss was lower in TXA compared with the placebo group (174.87±119.84 ml versus 341.07±67.97 ml respectively; P<0.0001). PPH (blood loss >500ml) was 5.13% in the study arm compared to the control arm 7.14%- risk ratio (RR) 0.82; 95% [CI 0.38 – 1.79, p=0.5956]. Additional uterotonics was required more in the control group compared to the treatment group 14(16.67%) versus 3(3.85%) of the treatment group, p-value of 0.007. There were no major complications noticed in the treatment group.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that intravenous administration of TXA acid following vaginal delivery reduced blood loss following vaginal delivery. It also reduced the need for additional uterotonics. However, blood loss greater than 500 was not significantly reduced.Pan African Clinical Trial Registry: PACTR202010828881019
A Surrogate Assisted Multi-objective Approach to Social Work Planning
Authors: Nguyen Dinh Duc , Nguyen Long , Nguyen Hoai Xuan , Tran Minh Binh 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Planning social tasks are essential jobs of every organization, business, and government. With increasing challenges of society, the organization and effective implementation depend on optimizing the plans of the organization and efficient operations of the professional teams in order, time, and specific requirements. In the context of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social activities, developing strategies for the organization and operation of working teams in implementing disease prevention, control, and elimination are research issues that should be raised. This paper model the plan to organize and operate the social-mission working group problem with a multi-objective approach. The problem includes organizing and planning the health workforce to perform tasks in epidemic prevention and implementing guidelines of the Ministry of Health under the administration of the government. These pose a requirement to balance resources, medical equipment, and ancillary equipment to perform tasks according to different priority levels: disease prevention; vaccination; sterilization, isolation, treatment by different locations, and time to ensure effectiveness. The problem is modeled by approaching the multi-objective optimization with three objectives: makespan, performance efficiency, and rate of human resource usage. We also propose a guidance technique to improve the surrogate-assisted multi-objective optimization algorithms on analyzing the factors that influence finding solutions and maintain a balance between local exploration and global exploitation. The enhanced algorithms confirm the proposed model for social tasks against the COVID-19 pandemic.
Influencing factors, scenario prediction and decoupling effect of carbon intensity of the whole process of agricultural products logistics
Authors: Fan Xueru , Yao Guanxin , Zhang Dongmei , Bian Xiaoyu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The reduction of carbon intensity of the whole process of agricultural products logistics is of great significance to the comprehensive control of China's carbon intensity. LMDI decomposition method, STIRPAT model and quantitative decoupling analysis model are used to study the influencing factors, future development scenarios and decoupling effect with economic development of the whole process carbon intensity of agricultural products logistics in China from 2000 to 2017. The countermeasures and suggestions to reduce the carbon intensity of the whole process of agricultural products logistics in China are put forward based on the research results of influencing factors, scenario prediction and decoupling effect.
Strength Deterioration Mechanism of Bentonite Modified Loess After Wetting-Drying Cycles
Authors: Niu Zelin , Xu Jian , Li Yanfeng , Wang Zefeng , Wang Bao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The employment of bentonite modified loess (BML) is a common method of constructing the anti-seepage lining of landfills in the loess region of China, and its long-term secure performance is threatened by wetting-drying (W-D) cycles. Taking the remolded loess (RL) and BML with 15% in mass of bentonite as research objects, the W-D cycles test, scanning electron microscope (SEM) test and direct shear test were carried out to analyze the effects of W-D cycles on the microstructure and shear strength of samples. The regression equations between strength and micro-pore structure parameters were established by multivariate linear stepwise regression method. The damage mechanism of BML after W-D cycles was studied by establishing damage degree models based on porosity and cohesion. Results indicate that clay minerals such as montmorillonite in BML absorb water and expand to fill the macropores, resulting in more medium and small pores and more pronounced surface contact of particles. After W-D cycles, the particle arrangement of samples before and after bentonite modification tends to be loose. Both the porosity and fractal dimension increase and tend to stabilize after five cycles. The BML exhibits lower porosity and greater fractal dimension while its cohesion and internal friction angle show more significant decrease after W-D cycles than those of RL. The damage variables based on porosity and cohesion well describe the W-D induced damage of loess before and after modification from macro- and micro-scale perspectives. The damage degree of samples increases with W-D cycles, but the increment decreases.
Attention-Based Deep Multiple Instances Learning For Classifying Circular RNA and Other Long Non-Coding RNA
Authors: Liu Yunhe , Fu Qiqing , peng Xueqing , Zhu Chaoyu , Liu Gang , Liu Lei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) is a distinguishable circular formed long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), which has specific roles in transcriptional regulation, multiple biological processes. The identification of circRNA from other lncRNA is necessary for relevant research. In this study, we designed attention-based multi-instance learning (MIL) network architecture, which can be fed with raw sequence, to learn the sparse features in sequences and accomplish the identification task for circRNAs. The model outperformed previously reported models. Following the effectiveness validation of the attention score by the handwritten digit dataset, the key sequence loci underlying circRNAs recognition were obtained based on the corresponding attention score. Moreover, the motif enrichment analysis of the extracted key sequences identified some of the key motifs for circRNA formation. In conclusion, we designed a deep learning network architecture suitable for gene sequence learning with sparse features and implemented to the circRNA identification, and the network has a strong representation capability with its indication of some key loci.
CUBN Gene Mutations May Cause Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in Children
Authors: Yang Jing , Xu Yongli , Deng Linxia , Zhou Luowen , Qiu Liru , Zhang Yu , Zhou Jianhua 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: CUBN gene mutation is extremely rare and thought to only presented as tubular proteinuria without glomerular involvement. Here, we present 3 patients with prominent proteinuria and FSGS in renal pathologies caused by novel CUBN gene mutations.Method: Whole exome sequencing was performed in three children. CUBN gene mutations were found and then verified by sanger sequencing. Their clinical, pathological and molecular genetic characteristics were analyzed and correlated accordingly. Results: All three children presented with prominent proteinuria but normal or slightly higher levels of urine β2 microglobulin, without megaloblastic anemia. Renal biopsies showed segmental glomerular sclerosis, glomerular mesangial cells proliferation, effacement of foot processes, podocyte microvillation and interstitial fibrosis. There were four novel CUBN gene mutations in our study, including c.9287T>C (p.L3096P), c.122+1G>A, c.7906C>T (p.R2636*), c.10233G>A (p.W3411*). Except for intron splice-site mutation, all other variants are located in highly conserved sites of CUB domain. Conclusion: In this study, four novel pathogenic mutations of CUBN gene were identified in three prominent proteinuric children. The results demonstrate that CUBN gene mutations may cause pathological changes of podocytes and FSGS, which was not previously reported. Our cases extend the spectrum of renal manifestation and genotype of CUBN gene mutation.
Probabilistic Approach For Health Hazard Assessment of Trihalomethanes Through Successive Showering Events
Authors: Parveen Naseeba T , Chowdhury Shamik , Goel Sudha 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Trihalomethanes (THMs) are common disinfection byproducts in chlorinated tap waters. They can cause various cancers and non-cancerous health hazards. Ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation are the three exposure routes considered in the THM hazard/risk assessments. Among these, inhalation hazard is generally calculated by assuming the initial concentration as zero. This assumption fails to address the case of continuous showers that can happen in shared showering facilities such as student hostels or gymnasiums. In the present study, the leftover THM concentration from the previous bath was considered to assess the chronic daily intakes (CDI) and hazard index (HI) of the successive showers. For this, tap water of a university campus was analyzed to understand the extend of THMs at consumer points and the result obtained was used for the hazard assessment. Total THM concentration varied from 0.51 to 68.9 µg L-1. To address the variability of the model input parameters, 50,000 iterations of Monte Carlo simulation were carried out. A maximum HI of 7.94E-02 ± 3.63E-02 and 6.69E-02 ± 3.08E-02 was observed for 1st shower for females and males. This value was found as exponentially increasing up to the 5th shower and thereafter the rate was decreasing. The methodology followed in the present study successfully determines the risk and hazard of THMs through successive showers.
African Heritage Sites threatened by coastal flooding and erosion as sea-level rise accelerates
Authors: Vousdoukas Michalis , Clarke Joanne , Ranasinghe Roshanka , Reimann Lena , Khalaf Nadia , Duong Trang , Ouweneel Birgitt , Sabour Salma , Iles Carley , Trisos Christopher , Feyen Luc , Simpson Nicholas 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Important heritage sites along the African coast are at risk from the threats associated with rising sea levels. Here, we quantify the exposure of natural and cultural heritage sites in Africa to coastal flooding and erosion in the 21st century. We develop a comprehensive database of 284 coastal African Heritage Sites (AHS), composed of 213 natural and 71 cultural heritage sites, which is then combined with coastal flooding and erosion projections to assess exposure to coastal extreme events for a moderate (RCP4.5) and high (RCP8.5) greenhouse gas emissions scenario. We find that 56 AHS are presently at risk from a 100-year extreme sea-level event, with a total exposed heritage area of 2,222 km2. Most of the currently exposed AHS are located in Northern and Western Africa. By mid-century, the number of exposed AHS is projected to increase more than 3 times to reach 191 and 198 under moderate and high emissions respectively. In the second half of the century, the number of exposed sites stabilizes, but the median exposed area increases to 6.6 to 8.5 times the present-day value, under moderate and high emissions, respectively. Mitigation from high to moderate emissions will reduce the end-century median exposed area and number of very highly exposed sites by 20% and 25% respectively.
Comparison of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Optimal Medical Therapy on Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Coronary Total Occlusion
Authors: Zhou Fuliang , Sun Lufan , Liu Qiushuang , Wu Nan , Jia Dalin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Nowadays the optimal strategy for patients with chronic total occlusion (CTO) has not been well established. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate effect of PCI and optimal medical therapy (OMT) on clinical outcomes in these patients. Methods: Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane Library were searched for studies about patients who had CTO and received PCI or medical therapy as initial strategy, from inception to February 2020. Results of pooled analysis were expressed by risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), which were calculated by random effects or fixed effects model according to heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis was performed by removing one study a time. Funnel plot and Egger’s value were used to appraise publication bias. All analysis were calculated by Revmen5.0 and Stata15.0 software.Results: Total 11studies were included in our meta-analysis, 4 RCTs and 7 observation studies using PSM. Total 5664 patients with CTO were enrolled. 2904 patients underwent PCI and 2760 patients received OMT. Pooled analysis indicated that compared with OMT, PCI was associated with lower risk of cardiac death (RR 0.59,95%CI 0.45-0.77, P<0.001). However, there was no significant discrimination in MACE (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.64-1.06, P=0.14), myocardial infarction (RR 0.98, 95%CI 0.78-1.24, P=0.86), repeat revascularization (RR 0.95, 95%CI 0.71-1.25, P=0.71), and stroke (RR 0.62, 95%CI 0.29-1.34, P=0.22). Sub-analysis by ethnicity showed that PCI was associated with lower incidence of MACE compared with OMT in West European (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.28-0.84, P=0.01), but not in East Asian (RR 0.94,95% CI 0.77-1.16, P=0.58). Conclusions: Compared with OMT, PCI is associated with lower risk of cardiac death. However, there was no significant difference in MACE, MI, repeated revascularization and stroke. Sub-analysis indicates that PCI is favor of West European.
High Hemoglobin Level is a Risk Factor for Maternal and Fetal Outcomes of Pregnancy in Chinese Women: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wu Lanlan , Sun Ruifang , Liu Yao , Liu Zengyou , Chen Hengying , Shen Siwen , Wei Yuanhuan , Deng Guifang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
To examine the association of hemoglobin (Hb) levels during gestation with the risk of selected adverse pregnancy outcomes in Chinese women.
Methods
A total of 1911 singleton mothers were included. Hb levels were measured during the second (16-18th weeks) and third (28-30th weeks) trimesters of pregnancy, and pregnancy outcomes were followed. Statistical analysis was performed using multivariate logistic regression.
Results
After multivariable adjustment, Hb levels > 130 g/L in the second trimester increased the risk of low-birth-weight infants (LBW) (odds ratio [OR], 2.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12–5.77). In the third trimester of gestation, compared with women whose Hb levels between 110–119 g/L, women with Hb levels > 130 g/L had an increased risk of LBW (OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.05–4.48) and small-for-gestational-age infants (SGA) (OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.04–3.78). In addition, maternal Hb levels of < 110 g/L or > 130 g/L at the second week that were restored vs not restored in the third trimester decreased the risk of preterm birth (PTB) by 80% (95% CI, 0.07–0.58) and 86% (95% CI, 0.03–0.84), respectively.
Conclusion
Maternal Hb > 130 g/L was associated with increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Reduction of PTB risk was observed with correction of Hb level during the third trimester.
Acute Toxicity Assays Using Danio Rerio and Daphnia Magna To Assess Hot-Spring Drainage in The Shibukuro and Tama Rivers (Akita, Japan)
Authors: Suwa Kyo , Takahashi Chiho , Horie Yoshifumi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We investigated the lethal toxicity of Shibukuro and Tama river water near the inflow of Tamagawa hot-spring water in Akita Prefecture, Japan. We first measured heavy metal concentrations in both rivers. We detected iron, arsenic, and aluminum; the concentrations of each tended to decrease from upstream to downstream. We next examined the influence of river water on zebrafish Danio rerio and water flea Daphnia magna. We observed lethal effects in both species, with Daphnia magna more sensitive to toxicity than Danio rerio. For both species, the toxic effects of river water decreased with increasing distance downstream from the inflow of hot-spring water. Our results show that the heavy metals discharged from Tamagawa hot spring have a negative effect on aquatic organisms.
Epidemiology of Neuroendocrine Neoplasmas in Japan: Based on Analysis of Hospital-Based Cancer Registry Data, 2009 – 2015
Authors: Koizumi Tomonobu , Otsuki Kengo , Tanaka Yuriko , Kanda Shintaro 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Neuroendocrine neoplasms are rare disease and could originate from throughout the body, however, there have been little epidemiological studies in Japan, especially the organ distribution. This study was to examine the epidemiological information of neuroendocrine neoplasms in the Japanese population using data from a hospital-based cancer registry. Methods: Using data from the national database of hospital-based cancer registries, we examined the organ distribution, the stage and initial treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasms newly diagnosed and treated in designated and non-designated cancer care hospitals between 2009 and 2015. In the present study, neuroendocrine neoplasms consisted of neuroendocrine tumors and carcinoma. Results: A total of 33,215 (17485 neuroendocrine carcinomas and 15730 neuroendocrine tumors) cases were diagnosed. The majority in neuroendocrine carcinoma occur in lung (31.1%) followed in decreasing frequency by stomach (12.9%), pancreas (7.5%), rectum (6.7%) and esophagus (5.8%). On the other hand, the half of neuroendocrine tumor originated rectum (50.9%) and followed by pancreas (13.9%), duodenum (9.0%), lung/bronchus (8.9%), and stomach (8.7%). Neuroendocrine carcinoma presented at more advanced stage and higher age than neuroendocrine tumors.　Most cases of neuroendocrine tumors were treated surgically, while half of neuroendocrine carcinomas were treated with non-surgical therapy consisting of chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that neuroendocrine neoplasms could originate from various organs and the site distribution was different between neuroendocrine carcinoma and tumor. The national database of hospital-based cancer registries in Japan is a valuable source for evaluating the organ distribution of the rare systemic disease.
Single cell analysis reveals altered tumor microenvironments of relapse- and remission-associated pediatric acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Ulukaya Gulay , Thomas Beena , Bhasin Swati , Mumme Hope , Dwivedi Bhakti , Perumalla Pruthvi , Sarkar Debasree , Sabnis Himalee , Park Sunita , DeRyckere Deborah , RaiKar Sunil , Pauly Melinda , Summers Ryan , Castellino Sharon , Wechsler Daniel , Porter Christopher , Graham Douglas , Bhasin Manoj 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Relapse- and continuous complete remission (CCR)-associated pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patient bone marrows collected at the time of diagnosis (Dx), end of induction (EOI) and relapse were analyzed by single cell RNA sequencing. A novel AML blasts-associated 7-genes signature (CLEC11A, PRAME, AZU1, NREP, ARMH1, C1QBP, TRH) displayed a strong correlation with blast percentages and overall survival in the TARGET AML dataset (HR=2.3; P-value=.007). Distinct clusters of AML-blasts at Dx were observed for relapse- and CCR-associated samples with differential expression of genes associated with survival. Relapse-associated samples demonstrated enrichment of exhausted T cells and M2 macrophages as opposed to inflammatory M1 macrophages in CCR-associated samples at Dx. EOI treatment resistant blast cells overexpressed fatty acid oxidation, tumor growth and stemness genes. Also, a relapse-associated EOI samples T cells subset showed downregulation of MHC Class I and regulatory genes. Altogether, this study deeply characterizes pediatric AML relapse-/CCR-associated tumor microenvironment transcriptome landscape.