bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tales from three countries: reflections during COVID-19 for mathematical education in the future
Authors: Krause Christina M. , Di Martino Pietro , Moschkovich Judit N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHow can school mathematics prepare citizens for a democratic society? Answers to this question are not static; they change as society and its problems change. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic with its corresponding disease COVID-19 presents such a problem: what is needed to navigate this complex situation that involves, among other things, mathematics? Using the essay genre, we use three narratives from three countries—Italy, the USA (California), and Germany—to reflect on the goals of teaching mathematics during this crisis and examine aspects of each country’s standards for mathematics education. These three stories are framed by the authors’ backgrounds, experiences, interests, their country’s situation, and response to the pandemic. We first present the three narratives and then examine common issues across them that might provide insights beyond this current crisis, for preparing students to become active citizens. In particular, we focus on three issues: (1) developing a positive mindset toward mathematics to engage with and reflect on real-world problems, (2) improving interdisciplinary connections to the sciences to better understand how science professional practices and insights are similar or different from everyday practices, and (3) considering interpersonal and collective matters beyond the individual.
Spacetimes with continuous linear isotropies I: spatial rotations
Authors: MacCallum M. A. H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe weakest known criterion for local rotational symmetry (LRS) in spacetimes of Petrov type D is due to Goode and Wainwright (Gen Rel Grav 18:315, 1986). Here it is shown, using methods related to the Cartan-Karlhede procedure, to be equivalent to local spatial rotation invariance of the Riemann tensor and its first derivatives. Conformally flat spacetimes are similarly studied and it is shown that for almost all cases the same criterion ensures LRS. Only for conformally flat accelerated perfect fluids are three curvature derivatives required to ensure LRS, showing that Ellis’s original condition for that case is necessary as well as sufficient.
Evaluating Teacher Language Within General and Special Education Classrooms Serving Elementary Students with Autism
Authors: Sparapani Nicole , Reinhardt Vanessa P. , Hooker Jessica L. , Morgan Lindee , Schatschneider Christopher , Wetherby Amy M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study examined how teachers and paraprofessionals in 126 kindergarten-second grade general and special education classrooms talked with their 194 students with autism, and further, how individual student characteristics in language, autism symptoms, and social abilities influenced this talk. Using systematic observational methods and factor analysis, we identified a unidimensional model of teacher language for general and special education classrooms yet observed differences between the settings, with more language observed in special education classrooms—much of which included directives and close-ended questions. Students’ receptive vocabulary explained a significant amount of variance in teacher language beyond its shared covariance with social impairment and problem behavior in general education classrooms but was non-significant within special education classrooms. Research implications are discussed.
Power and Politics in New Service Development: An Insider Action Research Study
Authors: Dreyer-Gibney Katrin , Coghlan David , Coughlan Paul 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper examines power dynamics and political challenges which an insider action researcher without line authority or formal power encountered while leading cross-functional New Service Development (NSD) initiatives in a traditional, publicly funded university. NSD, as any development activity, faces competing interests in organisations and often power dynamics and political tactics which may impede service actors’ development endeavours. The paper describes and reflects on how an insider action researcher together with service staff, managers and directors, conducted several different types of NSD initiatives. The paper draws on insider action research (IAR) principles, which engage theory with practice, and action with reflection. The study was carried out over an extended time period of almost three years. The paper concludes with a framework for addressing power dynamics and political action, identifying tactics available to service development actors when engaging in NSD.
The Unrecognized Role of VA Call Center and Primary Care Clerical Staff in Assisting Patients with Obtaining Needed Care
Authors: McGowan Michael , Medich Melissa , Rose Danielle , Stockdale Susan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
VA clerks, or medical support assistants (MSAs), are a critical part of patients’ primary care (PC) experiences and are often the first points of contact between Veterans and the healthcare system. Despite the important role they might play in assisting Veterans with accessing care, research is lacking on the specific tasks they perform and what training and preparation they receive to perform their roles.

Objective
Our primary aim in this study was to document MSA perceptions of their roles, the tasks they undertake helping Veterans with accessing healthcare, and additional training they may need to optimally perform their role.

Design
Thematic analysis of semi-structured qualitative interviews with VA call center and PC MSAs (n=29) collected as part of in-person site visits from August to October 2019.

Participants
MSAs at administrative call centers and primary care clinics in one large VA regional network representing 8 healthcare systems serving nearly 1.5 million Veterans.

Key Results
We identified three key findings from the interviews: (1) MSAs perform tasks in addition to scheduling that help Veterans obtain needed care; (2) MSAs may not be fully prepared for their roles as first points of contact; and (3) low status and lack of recognition of the important and complex tasks performed by MSAs contribute to high turnover.

Conclusions
As healthcare systems continue expanding virtual access, the roles of administrative call center and PC MSAs as first points of contact will be increasingly important for shaping patient experiences. Our research suggests that MSAs may need better training and preparation for the roles they perform assisting Veterans with accessing care, coupled with an intentional approach by healthcare systems to address MSAs’ concerns about recognition/compensation. Future research should explore the potential for enhanced MSA customer service training to improve the Veteran patient experience.
The ACLGIM LEAD Program: a Leadership Program for Junior-Mid-Career Faculty
Authors: Fitzgerald April S. , Fang Michele , Lee Rita S. , Gann Jillian , Burnet Deborah L. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Junior to mid-career medical faculty often move into administrative and leadership roles without formal leadership training. Many national leadership training programs target senior rather than junior faculty.

Aim
To address the leadership development needs of junior and mid-career faculty.

Setting
Sessions at annual meetings combined with online learning, independent work, and leadership coaching.

Participants
79 junior-mid-career general internal medicine (GIM) faculty enrolled in five consecutive annual cohorts from 2014 to 2018.

Program Description
LEAD scholars participate in a full-day anchor session followed by selected workshops during the annual meeting. They then participate in monthly online sessions, complete a project, interview a senior leader, and receive leadership coaching from senior GIM faculty.

Program Evaluation
Post-program evaluation indicated the LEAD program was effective in helping participants understand what it means to be a good leader (93%, 37/40), become a more reflective leader (90%, 35/39), and apply principles of leadership to increase effectiveness in their role (88%, 34/39).

Discussion
LEAD provides junior-mid-career medical faculty an opportunity to learn effective leadership skills and build a network.
Intersections of power: videoconferenced debriefing of a&nbsp;rural interprofessional simulation team by an urban interprofessional debriefing team
Authors: Dalinghaus Kathleen , Regehr Glenn , Nimmon Laura 
Published: June 2021

Introduction Simulation as an educational tool is known to have benefits. Moreover, the use of simulation in continuing interprofessional development is vital in rural and remote communities with limited case volumes and resources. This study explored power dynamics between rural simulation participants and urban expert co-debriefers during a simulated operating room crisis and debriefing. The aim is to gain a rich understanding of rural/urban relational dynamics embedded within the constraints and affordances of videoconferencing technology.
Methods In situ observations of a videoconference-enabled simulation and debriefing were conducted, followed by seven semi-structured interviews, in this qualitative case study. A sociomateriality lens with additional sensitizing concepts of power from critical theory was employed to explore human and nonhuman interactions between rural learners, urban co-debriefers, and videoconferencing technology.
Results The interviews exposed subtle expressions of power dynamics at play that were curiously not observable in the enactment of the exercise. Rural learners appreciated the objectivity of the urban debriefers as well as the nurse/physician dyad. However, rural participants appeared to quietly dismiss feedback when it was incongruent with their context. Videoconference technology added both benefits and constraints to these relational dynamics.
Discussion Awareness of power relationships, and insights into affordances and constraints of videoconferencing may enhance operationalization of interprofessional simulation-based education (SBE) in rural and remote contexts.
Development of dental caries and risk factors between 1 and 7 years of age in areas of high risk for dental caries in Stockholm, Sweden
Authors: Anderson M. , Dahllöf G. , Warnqvist A. , Grindefjord M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To explore caries predictors at age 1 year and caries development at ages 5 and 7 years in two groups of children following different fluoride-based preventive programs.

Methods
We conducted a prospective cluster-randomized controlled intervention trial with two parallel arms comparing two prevention programs: one program included fluoride varnish applications every 6 months, the other did not; otherwise, the programs were the same. Participants were 1- and 3-year-old children enrolled at 23 dental clinics in high-risk areas in Stockholm, Sweden. The baseline examination included structured interviews. Caries data were extracted from dental records. The primary outcome measures were ICDAS 1–6 > 0 at baseline (age 1 year) and defs > 0 at ages 2, 3, 5, and 7 years. The secondary outcome measure at age 7 was DFS > 0.

Results
Continuous caries development occurred: defs > 0 in 23% at 5 years and in 42% at 7 years. We found no difference in caries development between children who had or had not received fluoride varnish as toddlers. At age 1-year, significant predictors for dental caries in later preschool years were immigrant background, family income, and sweets consumption. Fluoride toothpaste > once a day at 1 year had an OR < 1 for defs > 0 at 5- and 7 years.

Conclusions
For toddlers, fluoride varnish does not seem to be an adequate prevention tool. Brushing with fluoride toothpaste from 1 year of age could not arrest caries development. Immigrant background was the strongest predictor. A new toolbox as well as collaborative upstream actions for reducing free-sugar intake are needed.
Comorbidity and the association with 1-year mortality in hip fracture patients: can the ASA score and the Charlson Comorbidity Index be used interchangeably?
Authors: Ek Stina , Meyer Anna C. , Hedström Margareta , Modig Karin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) has been suggested to be associated with mortality in hip fracture patients, to the same extent as more expensive and time-consuming tools. However, even CCI might be too time-consuming in a clinical setting.

Aim
To investigate whether the American Society of Anaesthesiologists score (ASA score), a simple grading from the anaesthesiologist’s examination, is comparable with CCI in the association with 1-year mortality after a hip fracture.

Methods
The study population was patients 60 + years registered in the Swedish Hip Fracture Registry with a first-time hip fracture between 1997 and 2017 (N = 165,596). The outcome was 1-year mortality, and the exposures were ASA score and CCI. The association between comorbidity and mortality was described with Kaplan–Meier curves and analyzed with Cox proportional hazards models.

Results
The Kaplan–Meier curves showed a stepwise increase in mortality for increasing values of both ASA and CCI. The Hazard Ratios (HRs) for the highest ASA (4–5) were 3.8 (95% Confidence Interval 3.5–4.2) for women and 3.2 (2.8–3.6) for men in the fully adjusted models. Adjusted HRs for the highest CCI (4 +) were 3.6 (3.3–3.9) for women and 2.5 (2.3–2.7) for men. Reference was the lowest score value for both tools. The correlation between the tools was moderate.

Conclusions
Both ASA and CCI show a similar stepwise association with 1-year mortality in hip fracture patients, despite measuring different factors and capturing different individuals at risk. Since the ASA score is already accessible for health care staff, it might be preferable to aid in prioritizing vulnerable hip fracture patients at risk of adverse outcomes.
On the flexural strength and stiffness of cast glass
Authors: Bristogianni Telesilla , Oikonomopoulou Faidra , Veer Fred A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCast glass has great potential for diverse load-bearing, architectural applications; through casting, volumetric glass components can be made that take full advantage of glass’s stated compressive strength. However, the lack of engineering, production and quality control standards for cast glass and the intertwined ambiguities over its mechanical properties-particularly due to the variety in chemical compositions and the lack of understanding of the influence of flaws occurring in the glass bulk-act as an impediment to its wide-spread application. Addressing the above uncertainties, this work studies a total of 64 silicate-based glass specimens, prepared in 20 * 30 * 350 mm beam size, either by kiln-casting at relatively low forming temperatures (970–1120 $$^{\circ }$$∘C), or by modification of industrially produced glass. For the kiln-casting of the specimens, pure and contaminated recycled cullet are used, either individually or in combination (composite glasses). The defects introduced in the glass specimens during the casting process are identified with digital microscopy and qualitative stress analysis using cross polarized light, and are categorized as stress-inducing, strength-reducing or harmless. The Impulse Excitation Technique is employed to measure the Young’s modulus and internal friction of the different glasses. Differential Scanning Calorimetry is used on a selection of glasses, to investigate changes in the glass transition range and fictive temperature of the kiln-cast glasses due to the slower cooling and prolonged annealing. The four-point bending experiments are shedding light upon the flexural strength and stiffness of the different glasses, while the fractographic analysis pinpoints the most critical defects per glass category. The experiments show the flexural strength of cast glass ranging between 30–73 MPa, according to the level of contamination and the chemical composition. The measured E moduli by both methods are in close agreement, ranging between 60–79 GPa. The comparison of the flexural strength with prior testing of cast glass involving shorter span fixtures showed a decreasing strength with increasing size for the contaminated specimens, but similar strengths for pure compositions. The results highlight the versatile role of defects in determining the glass strength and the complexity that arises in creating statistical prediction models and performing quality control.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE THEORY OF F-AUTOMATIC SETS
Authors: HAWTHORNE CHRISTOPHER 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFix an abelian group
$\Gamma $
and an injective endomorphism
$F\colon \Gamma \to \Gamma $
. Improving on the results of [2], new characterizations are here obtained for the existence of spanning sets, F-automaticity, and F-sparsity. The model theoretic status of these sets is also investigated, culminating with a combinatorial description of the F-sparse sets that are stable in
$(\Gamma ,+)$
, and a proof that the expansion of
$(\Gamma ,+)$
by any F-sparse set is NIP. These methods are also used to show for prime
$p\ge 7$
that the expansion of
$(\mathbb {F}_p[t],+)$
by multiplication restricted to
$t^{\mathbb {N}}$
is NIP.
Mit Achtsamkeit gegen Burnout
Authors: Otto Pamela , Kraus Alexander , Ewers Andre 
Published: June 2021

Was ist zu diesem Thema bekannt? Burnout mit den bekannten Ursachen existiert seit vielen Jahren in der Pflege. Achtsamkeitspraxis, eine Methode zur Unterstützung der Stressbewältigung, dient als Lösungsansatz für Pflegende. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? Forschungsergebnisse weisen auf neuroplastische Veränderungen in Gehirnregionen, verantwortlich für Stressreaktion und Kortisolausschüttung, dass Achtsamkeitspraxis die Resilienz, Stressbewältigung, soziale Kognition und Emotionsregulation fördert und somit Burnout vorbeugen kann. Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis? Pflegende ohne Burnout sind in der Lage die interpersonellen Beziehungen sowohl mit psychiatrisch erkrankten Personen als auch mit Kolleg_innen zu stärken und ein gesundes Arbeitsumfeld zu etablieren, indem sie dem berufsbezogenen Risiko des Pflegeberufs aktiv entgegenwirken.
Self-Reported Emotion Regulation Is Associated With Response to Test of Cardiac Vagal Function
Authors: Nakkas Can , Bösch Maria , LaMarca Roberto , Wyss Thomas , Annen Hubert , Brand Serge 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Parasympathetic function and emotional self-regulation (ESR) share neuroanatomic structures. Based on Porges’ Polyvagal Theory and the Neurovisceral Integration Model (NIM), we compared vagally mediated heart-rate variability (vmHRV) with psychometrically assessed ESR. We hypothesized that vmHRV and ESR would be associated during rest, a vagal function test, and recovery from that test. A significant association would justify the psychometric measuring of parasympathetic health, which is less burdensome than its psychophysiological assessment. Two hundred thirteen healthy males (aged: 18–26 years, M = 20.29 years) took part in the present study. They completed the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and underwent the Cold Face Test (CFT) for 4 min wearing ambulatory electrocardiograms. A High frequency (HF) band was used as a measure of vmHRV before, during, and after the CFT. Associations between the HF band and ESR were analyzed with partial rank correlations. There was no significant association between ERQ scores and the response to the CFT itself. But there was an almost significant association between the ERQ scale Cognitive Appraisal and baseline vmHRV, and a significant association between Cognitive Appraisal and cardiac recovery from the CFT, that is, participants with higher scores on that ESR scale revealed a tendency to exhibit greater vmHRV during baseline and they exhibited greater vagal withdrawal during recovery from the CFT. Cognitive appraisal as a psychometrically assessed emotion regulatory process was reflected in a more flexible parasympathetic activity (i.e., better cardiac vagal health) during recovery from an exclusively physiological stressor. This lends convergent validity to self-reported emotion regulation, and justification for its use as a measure of ESR as a trait, offering further support for the Polyvagal Theory and NIM.
Bisphenol A affects vipergic nervous structures in the porcine urinary bladder trigone
Authors: Makowska Krystyna , Lech Piotr , Majewski Mariusz , Rychlik Andrzej , Gonkowski Slawomir 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBisphenol A (BPA) is used in the production of plastics approved for contact with feed and food. Upon entering living organisms, BPA, as a potent endocrine disruptor, negatively affects various internal organs and regulatory systems, especially in young individuals. Although previous studies have described the neurotoxic effects of BPA on various tissues, it should be underlined that the putative influence of this substance on the chemical architecture of the urinary bladder intrinsic innervation has not yet been studied. One of the most important neuronal substances involved in the regulation of urinary bladder functions is vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), which primarily participates in the regulation of muscular activity and blood flow. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the influence of various doses of BPA on the distribution pattern of VIP-positive neural structures located in the wall of the porcine urinary bladder trigone using the double-immunofluorescence method. The obtained results show that BPA influence leads to an increase in the number of both neurons and nerve fibres containing VIP in the porcine urinary bladder trigone. This may indicate that VIP participates in adaptive processes of the urinary bladder evoked by BPA.
The effects of ANC follow up on essential newborn care practices in east Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Amsalu Erkihun Tadesse , Kefale Bereket , Muche Amare , Fentaw Zinabu , Dewau Reta , Chanie Muluken Genetu , Melaku Mequannent Sharew , Yalew Melaku , Arefayine Mastewal , Bitew Gedamnesh , Adane Bezawit , Ayele Wolde Melese , Damtie Yitayish , Adane Metadel , Mekonnen Tefera Chane 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the situation of high maternal morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa, less than 80% of pregnant women receive antenatal care services. To date, the overall effect of antenatal care (ANC) follow up on essential newborn practice have not been estimated in East Africa. Therefore, this study aims to identify the effect of ANC follow up on essential newborn care practice in East Africa. We reported this review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). We searched articles using PubMed, Cochrane library, African journal online (AJOL), and HINARI electronic databases as well as Google/Google scholar search engines. Heterogeneity and publication bias between studies were assessed using I2 test statistics and Egger’s significance test. Forest plots were used to present the findings. In this review, 27 studies containing 34,440 study participants were included. The pooled estimate of essential newborn care practice was 38% (95% CI 30.10–45.89) in the study area. Women who had one or more antenatal care follow up were about 3.71 times more likely practiced essential newborn care compared to women who had no ANC follow up [OR 3.71, 95% CI 2.35, 5.88]. Similarly, women who had four or more ANC follow up were 2.11 times more likely practiced essential newborn care compared to women who had less than four ANC follow up (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.33, 3.35). Our study showed that the practice of ENBC was low in East Africa. Accordingly, those women who had more antenatal follow up were more likely practiced Essential newborn care. Thus, to improve the practice of essential newborn care more emphasis should be given on increasing antenatal care follow up of pregnant women in East Africa.