bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased burden of familial-associated early-onset cancer risk among minority Americans compared to non-Latino Whites
Authors: Feng Qianxi , Nickels Eric , Muskens Ivo S , de Smith Adam J , Gauderman W James , Yee Amy C , Ricker Charite , Mack Thomas , Leavitt Andrew D , Godley Lucy A , Wiemels Joseph L 
Published: June 2021

Background:The role of race/ethnicity in genetic predisposition of early-onset cancers can be estimated by comparing family-based cancer concordance rates among ethnic groups.Methods:We used linked California health registries to evaluate the relative cancer risks for first-degree relatives of patients diagnosed between ages 0 and 26, and the relative risks of developing distinct second primary malignancies (SPMs). From 1989 to 2015, we identified 29,631 cancer patients and 62,863 healthy family members. We calculated the standardized incident ratios (SIRs) of early-onset primary cancers diagnosed in proband siblings and mothers, as well as SPMs detected among early-onset patients. Analyses were stratified by self-identified race/ethnicity.Results:Given probands with cancer, there were increased relative risks of any cancer for siblings and mothers (SIR = 3.32; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.85–3.85) and of SPMs (SIR = 7.27; 95% CI: 6.56–8.03). Given a proband with solid cancer, both Latinos (SIR = 4.98; 95% CI: 3.82–6.39) and non-Latino Blacks (SIR = 7.35; 95% CI: 3.36–13.95) exhibited significantly higher relative risk of any cancer in siblings and mothers when compared to non-Latino White subjects (SIR = 3.02; 95% CI: 2.12–4.16). For hematologic cancers, higher familial risk was evident for Asian/Pacific Islanders (SIR = 7.56; 95% CI: 3.26–14.90) compared to non-Latino whites (SIR = 2.69; 95% CI: 1.62–4.20).Conclusions:The data support a need for increased attention to the genetics of early-onset cancer predisposition and environmental factors in race/ethnic minority families in the United States.Funding:This work was supported by the V Foundation for funding this work (Grant FP067172).
Combination of inflammatory and vascular markers in the febrile phase of dengue is associated with more severe outcomes
Authors: Vuong Nguyen Lam , Lam Phung Khanh , Ming Damien Keng Yen , Duyen Huynh Thi Le , Nguyen Nguyet Minh , Tam Dong Thi Hoai , Duong Thi Hue Kien , Chau Nguyen VV , Chanpheaktra Ngoun , Lum Lucy Chai See , Pleités Ernesto , Simmons Cameron P , Rosenberger Kerstin D , Jaenisch Thomas , Bell David , Acestor Nathalie , Halleux Christine , Olliaro Piero L , Wills Bridget A , Geskus Ronald B , Yacoub Sophie 
Published: June 2021

Background:Early identification of severe dengue patients is important regarding patient management and resource allocation. We investigated the association of 10 biomarkers (VCAM-1, SDC-1, Ang-2, IL-8, IP-10, IL-1RA, sCD163, sTREM-1, ferritin, CRP) with the development of severe/moderate dengue (S/MD).Methods:We performed a nested case-control study from a multi-country study. A total of 281 S/MD and 556 uncomplicated dengue cases were included.Results:On days 1–3 from symptom onset, higher levels of any biomarker increased the risk of developing S/MD. When assessing together, SDC-1 and IL-1RA were stable, while IP-10 changed the association from positive to negative; others showed weaker associations. The best combinations associated with S/MD comprised IL-1RA, Ang-2, IL-8, ferritin, IP-10, and SDC-1 for children, and SDC-1, IL-8, ferritin, sTREM-1, IL-1RA, IP-10, and sCD163 for adults.Conclusions:Our findings assist the development of biomarker panels for clinical use and could improve triage and risk prediction in dengue patients.Funding:This study was supported by the EU's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7-281803 IDAMS), the WHO, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
Increasing 28 mitogenomes of Ephemeroptera, Odonata and Plecoptera support the Chiastomyaria hypothesis with three different outgroup combinations
Authors: Yu Dan-Na , Yu Pan-Pan , Zhang Le-Ping , Storey Kenneth B. , Gao Xin-Yan , Zhang Jia-Yong 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe phylogenetic relationships of Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) and Ephemeroptera (mayflies) remain unresolved. Different researchers have supported one of three hypotheses (Palaeoptera, Chiastomyaria or Metapterygota) based on data from different morphological characters and molecular markers, sometimes even re-assessing the same transcriptomes or mitochondrial genomes. The appropriate choice of outgroups and more taxon sampling is thought to eliminate artificial phylogenetic relationships and obtain an accurate phylogeny. Hence, in the current study, we sequenced 28 mt genomes from Ephemeroptera, Odonata and Plecoptera to further investigate phylogenetic relationships, the probability of each of the three hypotheses, and to examine mt gene arrangements in these species. We selected three different combinations of outgroups to analyze how outgroup choice affected the phylogenetic relationships of Odonata and Ephemeroptera.MethodsMitochondrial genomes from 28 species of mayflies, dragonflies, damselflies and stoneflies were sequenced. We used Bayesian inference (BI) and Maximum likelihood (ML) analyses for each dataset to reconstruct an accurate phylogeny of these winged insect orders. The effect of outgroup choice was assessed by separate analyses using three outgroups combinations: (a) four bristletails and three silverfish as outgroups, (b) five bristletails and three silverfish as outgroups, or (c) five diplurans as outgroups.ResultsAmong these sequenced mitogenomes we found the gene arrangementIMQMin Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera), and an inverted and translocatedtRNA-Ilebetween the 12S RNA gene and the control region in Ephemerellidae (Ephemeroptera). TheIMQMgene arrangement in Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera) can be explained via the tandem-duplication and random loss model, and the transposition and inversion oftRNA-Ilegenes in Ephemerellidae can be explained through the recombination and tandem duplication-random loss (TDRL) model. Our phylogenetic analysis strongly supported the Chiastomyaria hypothesis in three different outgroup combinations in BI analyses. The results also show that suitable outgroups are very important to determining phylogenetic relationships in the rapid evolution of insects especially among Ephemeroptera and Odonata. The mt genome is a suitable marker to investigate the phylogeny of inter-order and inter-family relationships of insects but outgroup choice is very important for deriving these relationships among winged insects. Hence, we must carefully choose the correct outgroup in order to discuss the relationships of Ephemeroptera and Odonata.
Potency of bisresorcinol from Heliciopsis terminalis on skin aging: in vitro bioactivities and molecular interactions
Authors: Saechan Charinrat , Nguyen Uyen Hoang , Wang Zhichao , Sugimoto Sachiko , Yamano Yoshi , Matsunami Katsuyoshi , Otsuka Hideaki , Phan Giang Minh , Pham Viet Hung , Tipmanee Varomyalin , Kaewsrichan Jasadee 
Published: June 2021

Background
A bisresorcinol was isolated as the main constituent of Heliciopsis terminalis’s trunk (Proteaceae). Recently, resorcinol is applied as an active whitening agent in various cosmetic products. Because of the structural mimic to resorcinol, benefits of the bisresorcinol as an aging-enzyme antagonist were demonstrated in this study.

Methods
The bisresorcinol was purified from the crude ethanolic extract of H. terminalis’s trunk by solvent extraction and preparative chromatography, respectively. Inhibitory activity on collagenase, elastase, and tyrosinase of the compound was investigated by using a different spectroscopic technique. Molecular docking was carried out to predict possible interactions of the substance around the enzyme active sites.

Results
The IC50 values on collagenase of the bisresorcinol and caffeic acid were 156.7 ± 0.7 and 308.9 ± 1.6 µmole L−1, respectively. For elastase activity, the IC50 of 33.2 ± 0.5 and 34.3 ± 0.3 µmole L−1 was respectively determined for the bisresorcinol and ursolic acid. The bisresorcinol was inhibitory to tyrosinase by exhibiting the IC50 of 22.8 µmole L−1, and that of 78.4 µmole L−1 was present for β-arbutin. The bisresorcinol bound to collagenase, elastase, and tyrosinase with the respective binding energies of −5.89, −5.69, and −6.57 kcal mol−1. These binding energies were in the same ranges of tested inhibitors. The aromatic phenol groups in the structure were responsible for principle as well as supporting binding interactions with enzymes. Hydrogen binding due to hydroxyl groups and π-related attractive forces from an aromatic ring(s) provided binding versatility to bisresorcinol.

Conclusion
The bisresorcinol purified from H. terminalis might be useful for inclusion in cosmetic products as an aging-enzyme antagonist.
Accuracy of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 in diagnosis and prognosis of acute myocardial infarction: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Ji Zhenjun , Zhang Rui , Yang Mingming , Zuo Wenjie , Yao Yuyu , Qu Yangyang , Su Yamin , Liu Zhuyuan , Gu Ziran , Ma Genshan 
Published: June 2021

Background
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the fatal cardiac emergencies. The detection of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM1), a cell surface immunoglobulin that amplifies pro-inflammatory responses, screened by bioinformatics was shown to be significant in diagnosing and predicting the prognosis of AMI.

Methods
GSE66360, GSE61144 and GSE60993 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to explore the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between AMI and control groups using R software. A total of 147 patients in total were prospectively enrolled from October 2018 to June 2019 and divided into two groups, the normal group (n = 35) and the AMI group (n = 112). Plasma was collected from each patient at admission and all patients received 6-month follow-up care.

Results
According to bioinformatic analysis, TREM1 was an important DEG in patients with AMI. Compared with the normal group, TREM1 expression was markedly increased in the AMI group (p < 0.001). TREM1 expression was positively correlated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAC), and the number of lesion vessels, although it had no correlation with Gensini score. TREM1 expression in the triple-vessels group was significantly higher than that of the single-vessel group (p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression showed that UA and HbAC were two factors influencing TREM1 expression. The ROC curve showed that TREM1 had a diagnostic significance in AMI (p < 0.001), especially in AMI patients without diabetes. Cox regression showed increased TREM1 expression was closely associated with 6-month major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
TREM1 is a potentially significant biomarker for the diagnosis of AMI and may be closely associated with the severity of coronary lesions and diabetes. TREM1 may also be helpful in predicting the 6-month MACEs after AMI.
Aspects of Population Dynamics of Tiger Tooth Croaker, Otolithes ruber (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) from Northwest Arabian Gulf, Iraq
Authors: Mohamed Abdul-Razak M. , Al-Hassani Ali H. 
Published: June 2021

The present study consists of the growth, mortality, relative yield recruit and virtual population analysis of tigertooth croaker, Otolithes ruber from Iraqi marine waters, northwest Arabian Gulf between February 2020 and January 2021. Analysis of population dynamics employed methods fitted in FiSAT II software using pooled length-frequencies. A total of 3835 individuals of O. ruber ranged from 17.0 to 60.0 cm have been collected. The exponent (b) of the length-weight relationship was found to be 2.755. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters (L∞ and K) were estimated as 68.5 cm and 0.36, respectively, while the growth performance index (Ø') was 3.228. The total mortality (Z) was calculated as 1.10, while the natural and fishing mortality rates were 0.69 and 0.41, respectively, and the current exploitation rate (Ecurrent) was 0.38. Fish were recruited to the fishery at a mean size of L50= 20.55 cm. The recruitment pattern of O. ruber was continuous throughout the year with two major peaks. The analysis of yield-per-recruit (Y/R’) indicates that the current exploitation rate was below the biological target reference points (E0.1 = 0.40 and Emax= 0.53), refer to the stock of O. ruber is underexploited. The 27 cm length group was more vulnerable to fishing and more harvested according to virtual population analysis. sLength at first capture was higher than the length at first maturity of the species in the region. For management purposes, more yields could be obtained by increasing the mesh sizes of the nets employed in the fishing of the species.
A Survey of Supervised Learning Models for Spiking Neural Network
Authors: Agebure Moses Apambila , Wumnaya Paula Aninyie , Baagyere Edward Yellakuor 
Published: June 2021

There has been a significant attempt to derive supervised learning models for training Spiking Neural Networks (SNN), which is the third and most recent generation of Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Supervised SNN learning models are considered more biologically plausible and thus exploits better the computational efficiency of biological neurons and also, are less computationally expensive than second generation ANN. SNN models have also produced competitive performance in most tasks when compared to second generation ANNs. These advantages, coupled with the difficulty in adopting the well established learning models for second generation networks to train SNN due to the difference in information coding led to the recent introduction of supervised learning models for training SNN.
However, lack of comprehensive source of literature detailing strides made in this area, and the challenges and prospects of SNN serves as a hindrance to further exploration and application of SNN models. A comprehensive review of supervised learning methods in SNN is presented in this paper in which some widely used SNN neural models, learning models and their basic concepts, areas of applications, limitations, prospects and future research directions are discussed. The main contribution of this paper is that it presents and discusses trends in supervised learning in SNNwith the aim of providing a reference point for those desiring further knowledge and application of SNN methods.
Alkibiades (Alcibiades)
Authors: Mann Christian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Athenian Alkibiades was one of the most famous politicians of the fifth centurybce. He was the most important advocate of the Sicilian expedition in 415. Banned from Athens, he changed sides and went first to Sparta, later to the Persians. In 411 he changed sides again and became commander of the Athenian fleet.
Antiquarianism
Authors: CUNNALLY JOHN 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The term “antiquarian” or “antiquary” was once commonly applied to persons who collected and studied the material remains of the past, including coins, inscriptions, old manuscripts, statues, household objects, tools, weapons, and similar artifacts. In the second half of the nineteenth century the collecting and scholarly activities of antiquarians were superseded by the modern academic disciplines of archaeology, numismatics, art history, epigraphy, and paleography.
Lechaion
Authors: Pettegrew David K. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Lechaion was the principal harbor of Corinth, Greece from the Archaic Greek period through Late Antiquity. As the immediate point of access for the city to the western Corinthian Gulf and the broader maritime world, it was larger and more substantial than the city's eastern harbors at Kenchreai and Schoinous. Lechaion is significant for its extensive sheltering area (15 ha), excavated interior basins, and significant Early Christian basilica which is among the largest of its kind in the Mediterranean. New archaeological investigations in recent years promise to reveal significant detail about the settlement and the technology of harbor construction.
Money, Greco‐Roman
Authors: panagopoulou Katerina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Money, the key shaper of a global economy, is an achievement dating back to antiquity. It is through the practice of exchange that coinage, essentially the “ancestor” of modern money, was invented in classical antiquity. Once it established itself as a significant tool facilitating military and other state payments (e.g., taxes and redistribution) and trade, it spread rapidly. Money, some have argued, was also “embedded” in social performance. Being quantifiable, it provided a measure of value and served as a means of payment and exchange, as well as a store of wealth. Coins were the most explicitly organized system of monetary instruments, but many transactions occurred without cash.
Inducing and Probing Localized Excitons in Atomically Thin Semiconductors via Tip‐Enhanced Cavity‐Spectroscopy
Authors: Lee Hyeongwoo , Kim Inki , Park Chulho , Kang Mingu , Choi Jinseong , Jeong Kwang‐Yong , Mun Jungho , Kim Yeseul , Park Jeonghoon , Raschke Markus B. , Park Hong‐Gyu , Jeong Mun Seok , Rho Junsuk , Park Kyoung‐Duck 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn atomically thin semiconductors, localized exciton (XL) coupled to light provides a new class of optical sources for potential applications in quantum communication. However, in most studies, XL photoluminescence (PL) from crystal defects has mainly been observed in cryogenic conditions because of their sub‐wavelength emission region and low quantum yield at room temperature. Hybrid‐modality of cavity‐spectroscopy to induce and probe the XL emissions at the nanoscale in atomically thin semiconductors is presented. By placing a WSe2 monolayer on the two extremely sharp Au tips in a bowtie antenna with a radius of curvature of <1 nm, tensile strain of ≈0.3% is effectively induced in a <30 nm region to create robust XL states. The Au tip then approaches the strained crystal region to enhance the XL emissions and probe them with tip‐enhanced photoluminescence (TEPL) spectroscopy at room temperature. Through this triple‐sharp‐tips cavity‐spectroscopy with <15 nm spatial resolution, TEPL enhancement as high as ≈4.0 × 104 by the Purcell effect is achieved, and peak energy shifts of XL up to ≈40 meV are observed. This approach combining nano‐cavity and ‐spectroscopy provides a systematic way to induce and probe the radiative emission of localized excitons in 2D semiconductors offering new strategies for dynamic quantum nano‐optical devices.
Rapid and Accurate Manufacture of 3D Vascular Replicas with Smooth Inner Surfaces Using Wax‐Coated Molds
Authors: Lim Jongkyeong , Hwang Jeonghyeon , Kim Joonwon 
Published: June 2021

Abstract3D vascular replicas are an economical and ethical training platform that can simulate endovascular intervention. During the manufacture of elaborate 3D vascular replicas through sacrificial molding, the surface of the 3D‐printed pristine molds should be smoothed because the 3D‐printed layered filament is transferred to the inner surface of the replicas. However, conventional smoothing methods using organic solvents take >3 d, thereby limiting the emergency use of 3D vascular replicas. This study demonstrates the rapid and accurate manufacture of 3D vascular replicas with a smooth inner surface using wax‐coated molds. The wax coating can smooth the surface of the 3D‐printed pristine molds in ≈30 s, reducing processing time by >3 d. In addition, the thin and even wax coating, except for structures with a radius of curvature less than 2.5 mm or diameter less than 3 mm, facilitates the manufacture of elaborate 3D vascular replicas. The resulting replicas represent an internal vascular structure with high transmittance (≈90%) and mechanical properties similar to those of blood vessels, including Young's modulus and friction coefficient. Thus, the prepared 3D vascular replicas using wax‐coated molds can be applied as endovascular simulators in emergency situations.
Rh(I)‐Catalyzed Direct C6−H Arylation of 2‐Pyridones with Aryl Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Zhao Haoqiang , Xu Jianbin , Xu Xin , Pan Yixiao , Yu Zexin , Xu Lijin , Fan Qinghua , Walsh Patrick J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA Rh(I)‐catalyzed C6‐selective C−H arylation of 2‐pyridones with inexpensive, readily available, safe and structurally diverse aryl carboxylic acids with the aid of a pyridine directing group is developed. This decarbonylative arylation protocol features an easy‐to‐handle catalytic system, and is amenable to diversely substituted 2‐pyridones and aryl carboxylic acids. It allows access to a wide range of C6‐arylated 2‐pyridones, including those that are difficult to prepare using conventional C−H arylation processes. The method tolerates various electron‐neutral, electron‐rich and electron‐deficient functional groups, and affords the products in 41–91% yields.magnified image
Infrared Plasmonic Biosensor with Tetrahedral DNA Nanostructure as Carriers for Label‐Free and Ultrasensitive Detection of miR‐155
Authors: Hui Xindan , Yang Cheng , Li Dongxiao , He Xianming , Huang He , Zhou Hong , Chen Ming , Lee Chengkuo , Mu Xiaojing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMicroRNAs play an important role in early development, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell death, and are aberrantly expressed in many types of cancers. To understand their function and diagnose cancer at an early stage, it is crucial to quantitatively detect microRNA without invasive labels. Here, a plasmonic biosensor based on surface‐enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) for rapid, label‐free, and ultrasensitive detection of miR‐155 is reported. This technology leverages metamaterial perfect absorbers stimulating the SEIRA effect to provide up to 1000‐fold near‐field intensity enhancement over the microRNA fingerprint spectral bands. Additionally, it is discovered that the limit of detection (LOD) of the biosensor can be greatly improved by using tetrahedral DNA nanostructure (TDN) as carriers. By using near‐field enhancement of SEIRA and specific binding of TDN, the biosensor achieves label‐free detection of miR‐155 with a high sensitivity of 1.162% pm−1 and an excellent LOD of 100 × 10−15 m. The LOD is about 5000 times lower than that using DNA single strand as probes and about 100 times lower than that of the fluorescence detection method. This work can not only provide a powerful diagnosis tool for the microRNAs detection but also gain new insights into the field of label‐free and ultrasensitive SEIRA‐based biosensing.
Biocompatible, High‐Performance, Wet‐Adhesive, Stretchable All‐Hydrogel Supercapacitor Implant Based on PANI@rGO/Mxenes Electrode and Hydrogel Electrolyte
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhou Hui , Zhou Weixiao , Meng Si , Qi Cheng , Liu Zhou , Kong Tiantian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFunctional bioelectronic implants require energy storage units as power sources. Current energy storage implants face challenges of balancing factors including high‐performance, biocompatibility, conformal adhesion, and mechanical compatibility with soft tissues. An all‐hydrogel micro‐supercapacitor is presented that is lightweight, thin, stretchable, and wet‐adhesive with a high areal capacitance (45.62 F g−1) and energy density (333 μWh cm−2, 4.68 Wh kg−1). The all‐hydrogel micro‐supercapacitor is composed of polyaniline@reduced graphene oxide/Mxenes gel electrodes and a hydrogel electrolyte, with its interfaces robustly crosslinked, contributing to efficient and stable electrochemical performance. The in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of the all‐hydrogel micro‐supercapacitor is evaluated by cardiomyocytes and mice models. The latter is systematically conducted by performing histological, immunostaining, and immunofluorescence analysis after adhering the all‐hydrogel micro‐supercapacitor implants onto hearts of mice for two weeks. These investigations offer promising energy storage modules for bioelectronics and shed light on future bio‐integration of electronic systems.