bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral prednisolone achieves measurable concentrations in equine synovial fluid within 3 hours of administration: Preliminary observations
Authors: Ramey D. W. , Knych H. K. 
Published: November 2021

SummaryBackgroundClinical and anecdotal evidence exists for the use of orally administered prednisolone in the treatment of osteoarthritis in human patients; however, prednisolone is not commonly prescribed by this route of administration in horses for the treatment of osteoarthritis.ObjectivesThis preliminary study tested the hypothesis that orally administered prednisolone could be detected in equine synovial fluid 3 h after administration.Study designPre/post study.MethodsSix horses were used in this study. Blood was drawn pre‐prednisolone administration to assure that all horses were prednisolone free. Three hours after being given 400 mg prednisolone per os, an additional blood sample was taken, as well as samples from the radiocarpal (RC) and tibiotarsal (TT) joints. Samples were frozen and sent to the laboratory for the determination of the presence of prednisolone using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.ResultsPrednisolone appeared in measurable concentrations in the blood (Mean = 92.655 ng/mL; SD = 54.95 ng/mL) and synovial fluid (RC Mean = 28.44 ng/mL; SD = 20.58 ng/mL and TT Mean = 20.33; SD = 15.67 ng/mL) of all horses when tested 3 h after administration.Main limitationsThis study did not test for any possible therapeutic effects of oral prednisolone in osteoarthritis. It did not attempt to establish a therapeutic dosage for the medication, nor did it attempt to establish the pharmacokinetics of the medication.ConclusionsOrally administered prednisolone appears in equine blood and synovial fluid at 3 h post‐administration. Since it appears in joint fluid at concentrations that have been shown to be therapeutic for other corticosteroids, orally administered prednisolone may have potential value as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of equine osteoarthritis.
Nutritional considerations for the management of equine pituitarypars intermediadysfunction
Authors: Galinelli Nicolas C. , Bailey Simon R. , Bamford Nicholas J. , Harris Pat A. 
Published: November 2021

SummaryPituitarypars intermediadysfunction (PPID) is a common endocrine disorder affecting equids. To help achieve and maintain healthy body condition, whilst reducing the risk of dietary associated laminitis, appropriate nutritional management is key. This review proposes a stepwise approach to building an individual nutritional plan for equines with PPID. Starting with considerations relating to current and desired body condition and muscle mass, it highlights the importance of providing appropriate amounts and forms of energy, carbohydrate and protein, with further practical considerations regarding the feeding of animals that are often aged and may have particular clinical sequelae to PPID. The next important step is to determine the degree of insulin dysregulation (ID), as this is a major factor associated with an increased risk of laminitis. Animals with ID should be fed low non‐structural carbohydrate (NSC) providing feeds/feedstuffs as well as fresh or preserved forage with NSC content <10‐12% on a DM basis. Finally, adjustments need to be made according to life stage and activity level.
Effective stepparenting: Empirical evidence of what works
Authors: Ganong Lawrence , Coleman Marilyn , Sanner Caroline , Berkley Steven 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe sought to identify research evidence about stepparents' childrearing behaviors that contribute to stepchildren's physical, cognitive, social, and emotional well‐being to draw best practices guidelines for stepfamily interventions.BackgroundStepparents' relationships with stepchildren are important predictors of individual, relational, and stepfamily well‐being and effective family functioning. Most researchers have examined problems in step‐relationships, but knowing what stepparents do that works in helping their stepchildren develop can help inform professionals who support and educate stepfamily members.MethodWe analyzed the results of 67 research studies containing empirical evidence of effective childrearing of stepchildren by stepparents to extract evidence‐based statements about what stepparents do that “works” to enhance the positive development of stepchildren.ResultsWe found that researchers examined two broad topics: (a) developing positive stepparent–stepchild relationships, and (b) developing clear roles for stepparents.ConclusionsOn the basis of this review, we found that stepparents developed close relationships with stepchildren by spending time together, engaging in one‐on‐one activities, having fun together, working together, caregiving, giving tangible support, advocating for stepchildren, communicating positive messages, conveying vulnerability, talking every day, and leaving discipline to parents early in relationships. A variety of stepparent roles are effective, if they meet stepfamily members' needs. Flexibility in role performance is linked to more satisfying relationships. Stepchildren's receptivity to stepparents is also important in effective stepparenting.ImplicationsFamily professionals can help stepparents strategize about engaging in relationship‐building behaviors tailored for their stepchildren. Family professionals also can assist stepfamilies negotiate roles for stepparents that are accepted by all stepfamily members.
Invasive forest pathogens affect the characteristics, microbial colonisation, and decomposition of leaf litter in streams
Authors: Ferreira Verónica , Pazianoto Laryssa H. R. , Solla Alejandro 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Invasive tree pathogens threaten forests worldwide, but their effects on streams are poorly understood. Nevertheless, tree infections that lead to changes in the characteristics of litter inputs to streams may affect stream communities and ecosystem processes.

We studied cross‐ecosystem effects derived from Phytophthora cinnamomi, Phytophthora ×alni, and Ophiostoma novo‐ulmi infection on Castanea sativa (chestnut), Alnus lusitanica (alder), and Ulmus minor (elm) trees, respectively, by assessing physical and chemical characteristics of senescent leaves from healthy, symptomatic, and highly symptomatic individuals. Leaf litter from the three health statuses per tree species was then incubated in laboratory microcosms and the effects of tree infection on microbial decomposers and leaf litter decomposition were assessed.

Tree infection significantly affected leaf litter characteristics, microbial decomposers and leaf litter decomposition, and the health status of trees conditioned these effects differently depending on the tree species. In C. sativa, leaf litter of highly symptomatic trees had higher toughness, higher polyphenolic concentration and slower decomposition than leaf litter of symptomatic and healthy trees. In A. lusitanica, leaf litter of highly symptomatic trees had higher phosphorus concentration, lower carbon:phosphorus ratio and faster decomposition than leaf litter of symptomatic and healthy trees. Finally, in U. minor, leaf litter of highly symptomatic trees had higher nitrogen concentration and lower carbon:nitrogen ratio than leaf litter of healthy trees, and faster decomposition than leaf litter of symptomatic and healthy trees. Effects of changes in litter characteristics on litter decomposition were mediated by changes in microbial decomposer colonisation and activity.

The composition of the aquatic hyphomycetes communities associated with C. sativa and U. minor litter varied depending on the tree health status. Most striking was the two‐fold higher aquatic hyphomycetes species richness in litter of U. minor trees infected with O. novo‐ulmi than in litter of healthy U. minor trees.

Tree infection alters the nutritional quality of leaf litter, potentially affecting the functioning of aquatic ecosystems strongly dependent on riparian litter inputs.
Recent geohistorical research on boundary‐making. Challenging conventional narratives on borders and modern state‐building
Authors: Puente‐Lozano Paloma , García‐Álvarez Jacobo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe paper aims at providing an overview of recent scholarship from the last 3 decades on boundary‐making, borders, and the territorial shaping of modern states between the eighteenth and the twentieth centuries. Scholarship in various languages (namely English, Spanish, Portuguese, French, and Italian) and from various fields of inquiry will be reviewed in order to highlight their shared themes and common concerns from a comparatist, transdisciplinary, and international perspective. We contend that the field has seen an improvement in knowledge about boundary‐making, methodological changes, and a widening of primary sources and research materials. As a result, conventional narratives on state‐building, as well as the accompanying understanding of boundary lines as the mere result of institutional imposition by central state agencies, have been nuanced and enriched. We claim that expanding on these remarkable outcomes of recent scholarship on boundary‐making would help to further bridge the gap between traditional/geohistorical and postmodern/contemporary approaches to border studies.
Transnational education: The importance of aligning stakeholders' motivations with the form of cross‐border educational service delivery
Authors: Healey Nigel Martin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThere is currently renewed interest in transnational education (TNE) amongst UK universities as a means of taking education to the 98% of tertiary students worldwide who are geographically immobile. In this discourse, the home universities are characterised as the dominant players, seeking strategic opportunities to commercially expand into foreign markets. This paper argues that, in contrast, there are four key stakeholders in TNE—the home university, the partner organisation, the host government and students in the host country—and a TNE partnership is shaped by their relative power and motivations. The paper finds that unless the motivations of stakeholders are broadly aligned to the form of TNE partnership, it is unlikely to succeed. It highlights the fluid nature of these motivations which change over time—often slowly, but sometimes abruptly when there is a change in university strategy or policy on the part of the host government.
Dietary strategies for chronic spontaneous urticaria: an evidence‐based review
Authors: Podder Indrashis , Jaiswal Saurabh , Das Anupam 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough the relationship between diet and chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) remains elusive, several patients seek dietary modifications as they are easy and cost‐effective. Adequate patient education and counseling are crucial as modified diets may be beneficial for a subset of antihistamine refractory CSU patients, and no modality currently exists to identify these patients. Elimination of food items based exclusively on patient history may lead to unnecessary restrictions in most cases resulting in nutritional deficiencies and impaired quality of life. Several dietary strategies have been tried till date with varying rates of success and evidence. This review highlights the various dietary strategies along with their levels of evidence, which may help the treating dermatologists and physicians to counsel CSU patients and make evidence‐based treatment decisions. There is grade A recommendation for the elimination of food additives (artificial pseudoallergens), personalized diets, vitamin D supplementation, Diamine oxidase supplementation and probiotics (in children), grade B recommendation for dietary elimination of red meat, fish and their products, natural pseudoallergens (fruits, vegetables, and spices), and low‐histamine diet, while dietary elimination of gluten (with concomitant celiac disease) has grade C recommendation. Notably, elimination diets should be continued for at least 3 consecutive weeks to assess their effectiveness.
Ketogenic diet‐induced prurigo pigmentosa: a rising association
Authors: Shahrigharahkoshan Shaghayegh , AlHalees Zeinah , Pehr Kevin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPrurigo pigmentosa (PP) is an uncommon inflammatory dermatosis first described in 1971. It is characterized by recurrent crops of pruritic erythematous papulovesicles that resolve with a macular reticulated hyperpigmentation. The exact etiology is yet to be determined, however with the expanded application of the ketogenic diet (KD) in recent years, conditions accompanied with ketosis are more commonly being described in association with PP. Antibiotics as well as resolution of ketosis can effectively treat the dermatitis. Given the publicity and growing popularity of the ketogenic diet and numerous references to the “Keto‐Rash” on social media, we reviewed the KD‐induced PP cases to raise awareness of this increasingly recognized entity and provide an update to clinicians, particularly dermatologists, regarding this possible side effect of KD.
Definitive weekly hypofractionated radiotherapy in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: response rates and outcomes in elderly patients unfit for surgery
Authors: De Felice Francesca , Musio Daniela , De Falco Dario , Grapulin Lavinia , Magnante Anna Lisa , Caiazzo Rossella , Bulzonetti Nadia , Tombolini Vincenzo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe optimal definitive radiotherapy (RT) scheme in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) remains controversial, especially in elderly patients.MethodsData of elderly patients with cSCC lesion(s) treated with weekly hypofractionated RT (8 Gy per week per 7‐8 weeks) were analyzed.ResultsEighteen patients (median age 89 years) with 23 cSCC lesions have been identified including nine males (50%) and nine females (50%). The most common tumor localization was the head and neck region (n = 21; 91.3%), and the majority of lesions (n = 15; 65.2%) was stage ≥ III. At diagnosis, pain and bleeding were ascribed in 13 (56.5%) and eight (34.8%) cSCC, respectively. Compliance with weekly hypofractionated RT was excellent. The overall response rate at 12 weeks after treatment was 95.7%. Bleeding and pain relief were achieved in all cases. Severe toxicity was not recorded. The 1‐year overall survival was 66.0%. The 1‐year progression‐free survival was 58.7%.ConclusionsWeekly hypofractionated RT provides a safe, efficient, and cost‐effective treatment in elderly cSCC patients with minimal side effects.
Impact of wood species on microbial community composition, beer chemistry and sensory characteristics during barrel‐ageing of beer
Authors: Bossaert Sofie , Winne Valérie , Van Opstaele Filip , Buyse Jasper , Verreth Christel , Herrera‐Malaver Beatriz , Verstrepen Kevin J. , De Rouck Gert , Crauwels Sam , Lievens Bart 
Published: November 2021

SummaryBarrel‐ageing of conventionally fermented beers is becoming increasingly popular in recent years, but only very little is known about the underlying process. In this study, we show that wood species significantly affects the bacterial community composition, beer chemistry and sensory characteristics throughout 38 weeks of barrel‐ageing. Whereas the microbial communities of oak‐ and acacia‐aged beer became dominated by Pediococcus damnosus and Brettanomyces bruxellensis, beer aged in oak barrels also contained a large fraction of Acetobacter sp. (29.34%) and to a lesser extent Paenibacillus sp. (2.74%) that were almost undetected in acacia‐aged beer. Oak barrels also imparted substantial concentrations of eugenol, lactones and vanillin, while acacia‐aged beer contained high concentrations of total polyphenols and β‐glucan, which also translated into different sensory perceptions. Altogether, our results provide novel insights into the barrel‐ageing process of beer, and may pave the way for a new generation of beers with a noteworthy flavour complexity.
Retrospective case–control study exploring pretransplant predictors for loss of kidney transplant function or death among indigenous kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Khanal Namrata , Lawton Paul D. , Cass Alan , McDonald Stephen P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe factors affecting the outcomes among Indigenous kidney transplant recipients is not fully understood. We conducted a retrospective case control study to identify risk factors beyond those explained by the ANZDATA registry.AimTo identify the risk factors for loss of kidney transplant function or death among Indigenous kidney transplant recipients.MethodsCases were defined as all Indigenous Australian kidney transplant recipients from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2015 from the major hospitals in the Northern Territory (NT) and South Australia (SA) who experienced graft loss (including patient death) up to 2‐years post‐transplant. Controls (matched 4:1) were defined as all indigenous kidney transplant recipients during the same period with functioning transplants at 2‐years post‐transplant operation. Matching was done on gender and diabetes status. Regression analysis adjusted for age was used for comparing cases and controls.ResultsThere were 17 cases and 68 matched controls. Among cases, the odds ratio for more than one hospital admission episode (compared with ≤1 episode) in the 2‐year pretransplant period was 6.2 (95% confidence interval, 1.2–32.5). However, there were no significant differences in the frequency of comorbidities at renal replacement therapy start, cardiovascular intervention pretransplant, pretransplant infection screening, age and gender of the donors, frequency of admission episodes where an infection was documented, the total length of inpatient stay or admission to intensive care unit during pretransplant hospital admission between cases and controls.ConclusionEarly graft loss was associated with a higher frequency of hospital admissions in the 2‐years pretransplant period. In contrast, other measured factors in the pretransplant period did not predict these adverse outcomes.
The influence of a self‐determination theory grounded clinical placement on nursing student's therapeutic relationship skills: A pre‐test/post‐test study
Authors: Perlman Dana , Moxham Lorna , Patterson Christopher , Tapsell Amy , Keough Emily 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFor undergraduate nursing students, an integral mode of learning is their clinical placements. Learning within the clinical setting is influenced by factors such as the facilitators, peers, unit, or department the student is placed on. What is not known is the role of a social context that is grounded in Self‐Determination Theory and how this influences the development of therapeutic relationship skills among undergraduate nursing students. The aim of this study was to examine the role of autonomy support in the professional learning of undergraduate nursing students. This study employed a two‐group pre‐test and post‐test design, with undergraduate nursing students placed in either an autonomy‐supportive group or a comparison group in an Australian context. Therapeutic relationship skills were assessed at the beginning and end of their compulsory mental health clinical placement. Participants were 210 (n = 210) Australian undergraduate nursing students. Using a tertile split, 140 students were placed into one of two groups based on their perception of autonomy support at the post‐test time point. Pre‐ and post‐test therapeutic relationship data were collected for both groups. A repeated measures analysis of variance was used to examine whether engagement in different clinical placements would illicit significant differences in therapeutic relationship skills. Undergraduate nursing students who were engaged in the autonomy‐supportive setting had significantly higher scores associated with the therapeutic relationship subscales: Positive Collaboration and Positive Clinical Input. The importance of the social context is underscored, which is strongly influenced by the educational leader, typically referred to as a nurse facilitator.
A qualitative study exploring adolescents' perspective about Mental Health First Aid Training Programmes promoted by nurses in upper secondary schools
Authors: Costa Tiago Filipe Oliveira , Sampaio Francisco Miguel Correia , Sequeira Carlos Alberto da Cruz , Lluch Canut María Teresa , Moreno Poyato Antonio Rafael 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMental Health First Aid Training Programmes are educational interventions that aim to disseminate basic first aid skills in the community. Adolescents in the context of their secondary school education are a particularly appropriate population for literacy promotion interventions. This study explores adolescents’ perspectives on Mental Health First Aid Training Programmes promoted by nurses in Portuguese upper secondary schools. A qualitative and exploratory study was conducted. Data were collected through semi‐structured interviews with 12 adolescents who participated voluntarily and with the consent of their parents. Data were analysed using content analysis. Fourteen themes were identified around three main areas: (i) Relevance of training programmes, (ii) Content of training programmes and (iii) Intervention methods of training programmes. The results obtained indicate that adolescents consider Mental Health First Aid Training Programmes in school relevant and necessary. Adolescents identified the content they deemed most appropriate and how it could be taught. These results can guide the development of training programmes. Nurses should take the lead in implementing these interventions in schools. Adolescents can take a more active role in mental health issues by improving their literacy.
The impact of COVID19 on advanced practice nursing education and practice: A qualitative study
Authors: Woo Brigitte F Y , Poon Sum Nok , Tam Wilson W S , Zhou Wentao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimTo explore Master of Nursing students’ perspectives toward the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) on the advanced practice nurse preparatory education and practice.BackgroundLike many nursing education programmes, the advanced practice nurse preparatory training was greatly affected and had to radically change to adapt to the disruptions caused by the pandemic. The COVID‐19 pandemic has created a strain on the healthcare system and advanced practice nurses have been expected to modify their normal practice to provide care in unprecedented ways.MethodsThe study used a descriptive qualitative design. Semi‐structured video‐conference interviews were conducted in an autonomous university (June–July 2020). The recruitment of participants (n = 14) concluded upon data saturation. A thematic analysis was conducted. The COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research (COREQ) guidelines were used.FindingsThree main themes were identified: (1) overcome adversity through innovation, (2) acceptance of remote learning and (3) versatility of advanced practice nurses in an ongoing pandemic. Each theme was further explained by two subthemes to further elucidate the impact of COVID‐19 on the advanced practice nurse preparatory training and practice.DiscussionThe evolution of the advanced practice nurse preparatory education catalysed by the COVID‐19 pandemic brought on innovation. The ability of advanced practice nurses to adapt to evolving healthcare needs was also highlighted.ConclusionAlthough face‐to‐face teaching and services are gradually returning, some innovations that arose during the pandemic may be worth keeping.Implications for nursingNursing educators in higher education institutions can benefit from adopting technology to mitigate the challenges posed by the ongoing pandemicImplications for nursing policyNurse leaders should review the role of advanced practice nurses to determine how best to capitalise on their practice to meet rising healthcare needs.