bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproducibility of 19F‐MR ventilation imaging in healthy volunteers
Authors: Pippard Benjamin J. , Neal Mary A. , Maunder Adam M. , Hollingsworth Kieren G. , Biancardi Alberto , Lawson Rod A. , Fisher Holly , Matthews John N. S. , Simpson A. John , Wild Jim M. , Thelwall Peter E. 
Published: January 2021

PurposeTo assess the reproducibility of percentage ventilated lung volume (%VV) measurements in healthy volunteers acquired by fluorine (19F)‐MRI of inhaled perfluoropropane, implemented at two research sites.MethodsIn this prospective, ethically approved study, 40 healthy participants were recruited (May 2018‐June 2019) to one of two research sites. Participants underwent a single MRI scan session on a 3T scanner, involving periodic inhalation of a 79% perfluoropropane/21% oxygen gas mixture. Each gas inhalation session lasted about 30 seconds, consisting of three deep breaths of gas followed by a breath‐hold. Four 19F‐MR ventilation images were acquired per participant, each separated by approximately 6 minutes. The value of %VV was determined by registering separately acquired 1H images to ventilation images before semi‐automated image segmentation, performed independently by two observers. Reproducibility of %VV measurements was assessed by components of variance, intraclass correlation coefficients, coefficients of variation (CoV), and the Dice similarity coefficient.ResultsThe MRI scans were well tolerated throughout, with no adverse events. There was a high degree of consistency in %VV measurements for each participant (CoVobserver1 = 0.43%; CoVobserver2 = 0.63%), with overall precision of %VV measurements determined to be within ± 1.7% (95% confidence interval). Interobserver agreement in %VV measurements revealed a high mean Dice similarity coefficient (SD) of 0.97 (0.02), with only minor discrepancies between observers.ConclusionWe demonstrate good reproducibility of %VV measurements in a group of healthy participants using 19F‐MRI of inhaled perfluoropropane. Our methods have been successfully implemented across two different study sites, supporting the feasibility of performing larger multicenter clinical studies.
Employing Liquid Crystal‐Based Smart Antennas for Satellite and Terrestrial Communication
Authors: Wittek Michael , Fritzsch Carsten , Schroth Dieter 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLiquid crystals for microwave components are sought by established material and display industries, along with companies in the satellite and telecommunications fields, driven by the need for new data communication technologies. Here, the authors detail promising applications that could go mainstream, including tunable microwave filters, beam‐steering antenna systems, and millimeter‐wave communication.
Development and validation of the nursing confidence in managing sedation complications scale
Authors: Conway Aaron , Chang Kristina , Kamboj Navpreet , Sutherland Joanna 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimTo develop the Nursing Confidence in Managing Sedation Complications Scale.DesignA multi‐phased approach was used.MethodsAn initial bank of items was created based on the authors' experience and clinical practice guidelines. An expert panel assessed content validity. Exploratory factor analysis was used for item reduction and regression was used to explore construct validity. Responsiveness was evaluated using a pre‐test post‐test design.ResultsCriteria for content validity was met for 34 items. An 18‐item, three‐factor solution was identified from exploratory factor analysis performed using Nursing Confidence in Managing Sedation Complications Scale scores from 228 nurses. Subscales accounted for 66% of the variance. Cronbach's alpha for the scale (0.95) and subscales was high (>0.85). There were differences (p < .001) in Nursing Confidence in Managing Sedation Complications Scale scores relative to years of experience and work environment. NC‐MSCS scores increased significantly from before to after sedation training (mean difference = 31.8; 95% CI = 24.4–39; N = 31).
Improving the strength of recycled liner for corrugated packaging by adding virgin fibres: Effect of refrigerated storage on paper properties
Authors: Rodrigues Fioritti Renato , Revilla Esteban , Villar Juan Carlos , D'Almeida Maria Luiza O. , Gómez Nuria 
Published: January 2021

The high humidity produced by the ripening of fruit and vegetables during refrigerated storage and transport leads to a noticeable loss of strength of corrugated board packaging. Increasing use of recycled fibres in the manufacture of corrugated board further reduces box compression strength. Adding virgin fibres to the furnish composition of liner paper could solve this problem.Various proportions of unbleached virgin eucalyptus and pine fibres were added to a recycled furnish used to manufacture liner paper for corrugated board. Laboratory sheets of each fibre blend were characterised by tensile, bursting and compressive strength. The change in the strength properties and moisture content of the sheets during refrigerated storage at 6°C and high relative humidity (90% RH) was also studied.The results showed that paper strength improved with the proportion of virgin fibres added. Pine fibres yielded higher increments than eucalyptus fibres in tensile and burst indices, whereas both fibres improved compression strength at a similar rate. After 4 h of exposure at refrigerated storage, the paper strength properties decreased considerably, in particular compression strength, which showed a loss of about 70% compared to the reference value. The percentage of strength lost compared to the value in standard conditions was influenced only by exposure time at low temperature and high RH. However, an increase in the amount of pine fibres added enhanced the remaining tensile and burst indices.
Effect of the Metal–Ligand Interface on the Chiroptical Activity of Cysteine‐Protected Nanoparticles
Authors: Rodríguez‐Zamora Penélope , Cordero‐Silis Cédric A. , Garza‐Ramos Georgina R. , Salazar‐Angeles Benjamin , Luque‐Ceballos Jonathan C. , Fabila Jorge C. , Buendía Fernando , Paz‐Borbón Lauro Oliver , Díaz Gabriela , Garzón Ignacio L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGold, silver, and copper small nanoparticles (NPs), with average size ≈2 nm, are synthesized and afterward protected with l‐ and d‐cysteine, demonstrating emergence of chiroptical activity in the wavelength range of 250–400 nm for all three metals with respect to the bare nanoparticles and ligands alone. Silver‐cysteine (Ag‐Cys) NPs display the higher anisotropy factor, whereas gold‐cysteine (Au‐Cys) NPs show optical and chiroptical signatures slightly more displaced to the visible range. A larger number of circular dichroism (CD) bands with smaller intensity, as compared to gold and silver, is observed for the first time for copper‐cysteine (Cu‐Cys) NPs. The manifestation of optical and chiroptical responses upon cysteine adsorption and the differences between the spectra corresponding to each metal are mainly dictated by the metal–ligand interface, as supported by a comparison with calculations of the oscillatory and rotatory strengths based on time‐dependent density functional theory, using a metal–ligand interface motif model, which closely resembles the experimental absorption and CD spectra. These results are useful to demonstrate the relevance of the interface between chiral ligands and the metal surfaces of Au, Ag, and Cu NPs, and provide evidence and further insights into the origin of the transfer mechanisms and induction of extrinsic chirality.
A “Good Game” of Readers Responding
Authors: Smutny Nicole Danice , Saal Leah Katherine 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this article, the authors describe the impact of a reader response game in an English language arts classroom. They explore the theoretical intersection of game‐based learning and “good games” and transactional theory as a framework for this practice. After incorporating a “good game” of reader response in classes, the authors found that the students increased both their volume of texts read and their engagement across text format/type and genre. The authors conclude by discussing the theoretical and instructional implications of using a reader response style game in the English language arts classroom and beyond.
Decolorization of textile azo dye Novacron Red using bacterial monoculture and consortium: Response surface methodology optimization
Authors: Guembri Marwa , Neifar Mohamed , Saidi Mouna , Ferjani Raoudha , Chouchane Habib , Mosbah Amor , Cherif Ameur , Saidi Neila , Ouzari Hadda Imene 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe present study was intended toward the optimization of a textile dye Novacron Red decolorization by single and mixed culture of Bacillus strains namely, B. firmus, B. filamentosus and B. subterraneus. Optimization of dye decolorization using Bacillus monocultures was conducted using central composite design. The maximum dye decolorization achieved under optimized conditions for B. firmus, B. filamentosus and B. subterraneus was 89.24%, 88.28% and 88.45%, respectively. The effect of various consortia of selected Bacillus strains on dye removal was evaluated by applying a mixture design. The best dye (100 mg/L) decolorization yield (84%) was achieved using the consortium of B. filamentosus and B. subetrraneus.The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analyses confirmed biodegradation potential of the two Bacillus strains. The results highlighted the potential of mono‐ and co‐cultures of Bacillus strains for application in textile wastewater treatment.Practitioner points

Novel dye‐decolorizing Bacillus strains were isolated from marine sediment.
Optimization of decolorization was conducted using response surface methodology.
Efficient decolorization of textile dye by Bacillus strains on mono‐ and co‐cultures.
The efficiency of the consortium B. filamentosus and B. subetrraneus on dye removal.
Lost chapters in CHL black holes: untwisted quarter-BPS dyons in the ℤ2 model
Authors: Fischbach Fabian , Klemm Albrecht , Nega Christoph 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Motivated by recent advances in Donaldson-Thomas theory, four-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 string-string duality is examined in a reduced rank theory on a less studied BPS sector. In particular we identify candidate partition functions of “untwisted” quarter-BPS dyons in the heterotic ℤ2 CHL model by studying the associated chiral genus two partition function, based on the M-theory lift of string webs argument by Dabholkar and Gaiotto. This yields meromorphic Siegel modular forms for the Iwahori subgroup B(2) ⊂ Sp4(ℤ) which generate BPS indices for dyons with untwisted sector electric charge, in contrast to twisted sector dyons counted by a multiplicative lift of twisted-twining elliptic genera known from Mathieu moonshine. The new partition functions are shown to satisfy the expected constraints coming from wall-crossing and S-duality symmetry as well as the black hole entropy based on the Gauss-Bonnet term in the effective action. In these aspects our analysis confirms and extends work of Banerjee, Sen and Srivastava, which only addressed a subset of the untwisted sector dyons considered here. Our results are also compared with recently conjectured formulae of Bryan and Oberdieck for the partition functions of primitive DT invariants of the CHL orbifold X = (K3 × T2)/ℤ2, as suggested by string duality with type IIA theory on X.
Generalising G2 geometry: involutivity, moment maps and moduli
Authors: Ashmore Anthony , Strickland-Constable Charles , Tennyson David , Waldram Daniel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe analyse the geometry of generic Minkowski$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 1,D= 4 flux compactifications in string theory, the default backgrounds for string model building. In M-theory they are the natural string theoretic extensions of G2 holonomy manifolds. In type II theories, they extend the notion of Calabi-Yau geometry and include the class of flux backgrounds based on generalised complex structures first considered by Graña et al. (GMPT). Using E7(7)× ℝ+generalised geometry we show that these compactifications are characterised by an SU(7) ⊂ E7(7)structure defining an involutive subbundle of the generalised tangent space, and with a vanishing moment map, corresponding to the action of the diffeomorphism and gauge symmetries of the theory. The Kähler potential on the space of structures defines a natural extension of Hitchin’s G2functional. Using this framework we are able to count, for the first time, the massless scalar moduli of GMPT solutions in terms of generalised geometry cohomology groups. It also provides an intriguing new perspective on the existence of G2manifolds, suggesting possible connections to Geometrical Invariant Theory and stability.
Merging the weak gravity and distance conjectures using BPS extremal black holes
Authors: Gendler Naomi , Valenzuela Irene 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We analyze the charge-to-mass structure of BPS states in general infinite-distance limits of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 compactifications of Type IIB string theory on Calabi-Yau three-folds, and use the results to sharpen the formulation of the Swampland Conjectures in the presence of multiple gauge and scalar fields. We show that the BPS bound coincides with the black hole extremality bound in these infinite distance limits, and that the charge-to-mass vectors of the BPS states lie on degenerate ellipsoids with only two non-degenerate directions, regardless of the number of moduli or gauge fields. We provide the numerical value of the principal radii of the ellipsoid in terms of the classification of the singularity that is being approached. We use these findings to inform the Swampland Distance Conjecture, which states that a tower of states becomes exponentially light along geodesic trajectories towards infinite field distance. We place general bounds on the mass decay rate λ of this tower in terms of the black hole extremality bound, which in our setup implies $$ \lambda \ge 1/\sqrt{6} $$
λ
≥
1
/

6

. We expect this framework to persist beyond $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 as long as a gauge coupling becomes small in the infinite field distance limit.
Stability of the Higgs sector in a flavor-inspired multi-scale model
Authors: Allwicher Lukas , Isidori Gino , Thomsen Anders Eller 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We analyze the stability of the Higgs sector of a three-site model with flavor-non-universal gauge interactions, whose spectrum of non-Standard-Model states spans three orders of magnitude. This model is inspired by deconstructing a five-dimensional theory where the generation index is in one-to-one relation to the position in the fifth dimension. It provides a good description of masses and mixing of the SM fermions in terms of scale hierarchies. We demonstrate that, within this construction, the mass term of the SM-like Higgs does not receive large corrections proportional to the highest mass scales. The model suffers only of the unavoidable “little hierarchy problem” between the electroweak scale and the lightest NP states, which are expected to be at the TeV scale.
Nuclear organization and regulation of the differentiated state
Authors: Bitman-Lotan Eliya , Orian Amir 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRegulation of the differentiated identity requires active and continued supervision. Inability to maintain the differentiated state is a hallmark of aging and aging-related disease. To maintain cellular identity, a network of nuclear regulators is devoted to silencing previous and non-relevant gene programs. This network involves transcription factors, epigenetic regulators, and the localization of silent genes to heterochromatin. Together, identity supervisors mold and maintain the unique nuclear environment of the differentiated cell. This review describes recent discoveries regarding mechanisms and regulators that supervise the differentiated identity and protect from de-differentiation, tumorigenesis, and attenuate forced somatic cell reprograming. The review focuses on mechanisms involved in H3K9me3-decorated heterochromatin and the importance of nuclear lamins in cell identity. We outline how the biophysical properties of these factors are involved in self-compartmentalization of heterochromatin and cell identity. Finally, we discuss the relevance of these regulators to aging and age-related disease.
Erhöhtes Risiko eines COVID-19-bedingten Krankenhausaufenthaltes für Arbeitslose: Eine Analyse von Krankenkassendaten von 1,28 Mio. Versicherten in Deutschland
Authors: Wahrendorf Morten , Rupprecht Christoph J. , Dortmann Olga , Scheider Maria , Dragano Nico 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Ziel
Arbeitslosigkeit steht in Zusammenhang mit Armut und ist ein Risikofaktor für schlechte Gesundheit. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht, ob Arbeitslosigkeit das Risiko für einen COVID-19-bedingten Krankenhausaufenthalt für Männer und Frauen im erwerbsfähigen Alter in Deutschland erhöht.

Methoden
Die Auswertungen verwenden Krankenkassendaten der AOK Rheinland/Hamburg (vom 01.01.2020 bis zum 18.06.2020) mit Daten zu 1.288.745 Personen zwischen 18 und 65 Jahren. 4 Erwerbssituationen werden unterschieden: (1) reguläre Erwerbstätigkeit, (2) Niedriglohntätigkeit mit Sozialleistungen, (3) Arbeitslosigkeit mit Bezug von Arbeitslosengeld 1 (Alg I) und (4) Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit mit Bezug von Arbeitslosengeld 2 (Alg II). COVID-19-Krankenhausaufenthalte werden über Meldungen der Krankenhäuser anhand der ICD-Codes U07.1 und U07.2 bestimmt. Berechnet werden multiple logistische Regressionsmodelle (für Alter und Geschlecht adjustiert).

Ergebnisse
1521 Personen hatten im Beobachtungszeitraum einen Krankenhausaufenthalt mit COVID-19 als Haupt- oder als Nebendiagnose. Dies entspricht insgesamt einer Rate von 118 Fällen pro 100.000 Versicherten. Die Raten variieren je nach Erwerbssituation. Im Vergleich zu regulär Erwerbstätigen liegt das Odds Ratio im Falle von Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit (Alg II) bei 1,94 (KI 95 %: 1,74–2,15), für Empfänger von Alg I bei 1,29 (KI 95 %: 0,86–1,94) und für Niedriglohnverdiener bei 1,33 (KI 95 %: 0,98–1,82).

Schlussfolgerung
Die Ergebnisse stimmen mit früheren Studien aus den USA und Großbritannien zu sozioökonomischen Ungleichheiten bzgl. Risikos von COVID-19-Krankenhausaufenthalten überein. Dies liefert erste Hinweise dafür, dass sozioökonomische Unterschiede in Bezug auf schwere Verläufe von COVID-19 auch in Deutschland auftreten.
Berücksichtigung verformbarer Fördergurte in DEM-Simulationen
Authors: Fimbinger Eric 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungMit konventionellen Methoden der DEM-Simulation ist es nicht möglich, dynamisches Verhalten bzw. dynamische Verformungen von Fördergurten in Simulationen digitaler Prototypen zu berücksichtigen. Daher wurde eine entsprechende DEM Gurtsimulationsmethodik entwickelt, die es erlaubt, ein Gurtmodell in DEM-Simulationen als dynamisch interagierendes Objekt zu erstellen.Generell ist die Berücksichtigung solch dynamischen Gurtverhaltens in DEM-Simulationen dann von Relevanz, wenn signifikanter Einfluss auf das Fördersystem durch dynamische Gurteffekte zu erwarten ist oder aber auch wenn der Gurt für bestimmte Analysezwecke ein solches Verhalten erfordert.Die entwickelte Methodik umfasst dazu zwei wesentliche Kernelemente: betreffend Gurtaufbau und Gurtinitialisierung. Der Gurtaufbau beschreibt die Struktursystematik eines DE-Gurtes, bestehend aus miteinander systematisch verbundenen Gurtpartikeln (Bonded-Particle-Modell). Die Gurtinitialisierung beschreibt jene Methode, eine gewisse Gurtgeometrie für eine bestimmte Anwendung in die Simulationsumgebung zu laden. Dies erfolgt entsprechend der Methodik durch Gurtinitialisierung in einbauzustandsnaher Form, wobei eine gewünschte Gurtform basierend auf CAD-Daten mithilfe eines entwickelten Konvertierungsalgorithmus (implementiert als Softwareanwendung „BeltConverter“) initialisiert wird.Anwendungs- und Analysebeispiele komplexer Gurtfördersystemen, wie Schlauchgurt- oder Doppelgurtförderer, verdeutlichen die generelle Eignung der Methodik und zeigen Möglichen zur Verwendung von dynamischen DE-Gurtmodellen erstellt nach der beschriebenen Simulationsmethodik.
Stem Cells and Gene Therapy in Progressive Hearing Loss: the State of the Art
Authors: Nourbakhsh Aida , Colbert Brett M. , Nisenbaum Eric , El-Amraoui Aziz , Dykxhoorn Derek M. , Koehler Karl Russell , Chen Zheng-yi , Liu Xue Z. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractProgressive non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss (PNSHL) is the most common cause of sensory impairment, affecting more than a third of individuals over the age of 65. PNSHL includes noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) and inherited forms of deafness, among which is delayed-onset autosomal dominant hearing loss (AD PNSHL). PNSHL is a prime candidate for genetic therapies due to the fact that PNSHL has been studied extensively, and there is a potentially wide window between identification of the disorder and the onset of hearing loss. Several gene therapy strategies exist that show potential for targeting PNSHL, including viral and non-viral approaches, and gene editing versus gene-modulating approaches. To fully explore the potential of these therapy strategies, a faithful in vitro model of the human inner ear is needed. Such models may come from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The development of new treatment modalities by combining iPSC modeling with novel and innovative gene therapy approaches will pave the way for future applications leading to improved quality of life for many affected individuals and their families.
Efficient approximation of solutions of parametric linear transport equations by ReLU DNNs
Authors: Laakmann Fabian , Petersen Philipp 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe demonstrate that deep neural networks with the ReLU activation function can efficiently approximate the solutions of various types of parametric linear transport equations. For non-smooth initial conditions, the solutions of these PDEs are high-dimensional and non-smooth. Therefore, approximation of these functions suffers from a curse of dimension. We demonstrate that through their inherent compositionality deep neural networks can resolve the characteristic flow underlying the transport equations and thereby allow approximation rates independent of the parameter dimension.
The effect of self-practicing systematic clinical observations in a multiplayer, immersive, interactive virtual reality application versus physical equipment: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Berg Helen , Steinsbekk Aslak 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate whether group self-practice of systematic clinical observation using the airway, breathing, circulation, disability and exposure (ABCDE) approach in a multiplayer, immersive, interactive virtual reality (VR) application provided a non-inferior learning outcome compared to practicing with physical equipment in first-year medical and nursing students. The study was a non-inferior, parallel-group randomized controlled trial. After a 15-min introduction session on the ABCDE approach, all students were randomly allocated to practice ABCDE in groups of three for 20 min either in a fully immersive, interactive, multiplayer virtual reality application (the VR group) or with physical equipment (the TP group). The primary outcome was the number of students who documented all predefined observations in the correct order of the ABCDE approach on a practical test performed immediately after group practice. A total of 84% of all eligible students participated, with 146 students in the VR group and 143 in the TP group. On the primary outcome, 20% in the VR group and 21% in the TP group got everything correct (absolute difference 1% point, one-sided 95% confidence interval 1.0–8.8% points), showing non-inferiority of the virtual reality application. For other outcomes, the results were mostly similar between the groups. Group self-practice of the ABCDE approach in multiplayer, immersive, interactive virtual reality application was non-inferior to practice with physical equipment.