bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disentangling Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Disparities in Treatment for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Obrochta Chelsea A. , Murphy James D. , Tsou Ming-Hsiang , Thompson Caroline A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground:Colorectal cancer is curable if diagnosed early and treated properly. Black and Hispanic patients with colorectal cancer are more likely to experience treatment delays and/or receive lower standards of care. Socioeconomic deprivation may contribute to these disparities, but this has not been extensively quantified. We studied the interrelationship between patient race/ethnicity and neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) on receipt of timely appropriate treatment among patients with colorectal cancer in California.Methods:White, Black, and Hispanic patients (26,870) diagnosed with stage I–III colorectal cancer (2009–2013) in the California Cancer Registry were included. Logistic regression models were used to examine the association of race/ethnicity and nSES with three outcomes: undertreatment, &gt;60-day treatment delay, and &gt;90-day treatment delay. Joint effect models and mediation analysis were used to explore the interrelationships between race/ethnicity and nSES.Results:Hispanics and Blacks were at increased risk for undertreatment [Black OR = 1.39; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.23–1.57; Hispanic OR = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.08–1.27] and treatment delay (Black/60-day OR = 1.78; 95% CI = 1.57–2.02; Hispanic/60-day OR = 1.50; 95% CI = 1.38–1.64) compared with Whites. Of the total effect (OR = 1.15; 95% CI = 1.07–1.24) of non-white race on undertreatment, 45.71% was explained by nSES.Conclusions:Lower nSES patients of any race were at substantially higher risk for undertreatment and treatment delay, and racial/ethnic disparities are reduced or eliminated among non-white patients living in the highest SES neighborhoods. Racial and ethnic disparities persisted after accounting for neighborhood socioeconomic status, and between the two, race/ethnicity explained a larger portion of the total effects.Impact:This research improves our understanding of how socioeconomic deprivation contributes to racial/ethnic disparities in colorectal cancer.
Role of Tumor-Infiltrating B Cells in Clinical Outcome of Patients with Melanoma Treated With Dabrafenib Plus Trametinib
Authors: Brase Jan C. , Walter Robert F.H. , Savchenko Alexander , Gusenleitner Daniel , Garrett James , Schimming Tobias , Varaljai Renata , Castelletti Deborah , Kim Ju , Dakappagari Naveen , Schultz Ken , Robert Caroline , Long Georgina V. , Nathan Paul D. , Ribas Antoni , Flaherty Keith T. , Karaszewska Boguslawa , Schachter Jacob , Sucker Antje , Schmid Kurt W. , Zimmer Lisa , Livingstone Elisabeth , Gasal Eduard , Schadendorf Dirk , Roesch Alexander 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurpose:Although patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma can experience long-term survival with BRAF- and MEK-targeted agents or immune checkpoint inhibitors over 5 years, resistance develops in most patients. There is a distinct lack of pretherapeutic biomarkers to identify which patients are likely to benefit from each therapy type. Most research has focused on the predictive role of T cells in antitumor responses as opposed to B cells.Patients and Methods:We conducted prespecified exploratory biomarker analysis using gene expression profiling and digital pathology in 146 patients with previously untreated BRAF V600–mutant metastatic melanoma from the randomized, phase III COMBI-v trial and treated with dabrafenib plus trametinib who had available tumor specimens from screening.Results:Baseline cell-cycle gene expression signature was associated with progression-free survival (P = 0.007). Patients with high T-cell/low B-cell gene signatures had improved median overall survival (not reached [95% confidence interval (CI), 33.8 months–not reached]) compared with patients with high T-cell/high B-cell signatures (19.1 months; 95% CI, 13.4–38.6 months). Patients with high B-cell signatures had high B-cell infiltration into the tumor compartment, corresponding with decreased MAPK activity and increased expression of immunosuppressive markers.Conclusions:B cells may serve as a potential biomarker to predict clinical outcome in patients with advanced melanoma treated with dabrafenib plus trametinib. As separate studies have shown an opposite effect for B-cell levels and response to immunotherapy, B cells may serve as a potential biomarker to facilitate treatment selection. Further validation in a larger patient cohort is needed.
Characteristics and Spatially Defined Immune (micro)landscapes of Early-stage PD-L1–positive Triple-negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Carter Jodi M. , Polley Mei-Yin C. , Leon-Ferre Roberto A. , Sinnwell Jason , Thompson Kevin J. , Wang Xue , Ma Yaohua , Zahrieh David , Kachergus Jennifer M. , Solanki Malvika , Boughey Judy C. , Liu Minetta C. , Ingle James N. , Kalari Krishna R. , Couch Fergus J. , Thompson E. Aubrey , Goetz Matthew P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurpose:Programmed death ligand 1 [PD-(L)1]-targeted therapies have shown modest survival benefit in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). PD-L1+ microenvironments in TNBC are not well characterized and may inform combinatorial immune therapies. Herein, we characterized clinicopathologic features, RNA-based immune signatures, and spatially defined protein-based tumor–immune microenvironments (TIME) in early-stage PD-L1+ and PD-L1− TNBC.Experimental Design:From a large cohort of chemotherapy-naïve TNBC, clinicopathologic features, deconvoluted RNA immune signatures, and intraepithelial and stromal TIME (Nanostring GeoMX) were identified in subsets of PD-L1+ and PD-L1− TNBC, as defined by FDA-approved PD-L1 companion assays.Results:228 of 499 (46%) TNBC were PD-L1+ (SP142: ≥1% immune cells-positive). Using PD-L1 22C3, 46% had combined positive score (CPS) ≥ 1 and 16% had CPS ≥10. PD-L1+ TNBC were higher grade with higher tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL; P &lt; 0.05). PD-L1 was not associated with improved survival following adjustment for TILs and other variables. RNA profiles of PD-L1+ TNBC had increased dendritic cell, macrophage, and T/B cell subset features; and decreased myeloid-derived suppressor cells. PD-L1+ stromal and intraepithelial TIMEs were highly enriched in IDO-1, HLA-DR, CD40, and CD163 compared with PD-L1-TIME, with spatially specific alterations in CTLA-4, Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING), and fibronectin. Macrophage- and antigen presentation–related proteins correlated most strongly with PD-L1 protein.Conclusions:In this early-stage TNBC cohort, nearly 50% were PD-L1+ (SP142 companion assay) while 16% were PD-L1+ with the 22C3 companion assay. PD-L1+ TNBC had specific myeloid-derived and lymphoid features. Spatially defined PD-L1+ TIME were enriched in several clinically actionable immune proteins. These data may inform future studies on combinatorial immunotherapies for patients with PD-L1+ TNBC.See related commentary by Symmans, p. 5446
Da etnografia multissituada à “plataformizada”: aproximações entre antropologia e estudos de plataforma
Authors: Gonçalves Italo Vinicius 
Published: June 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir como as noções de “plataforma” e “plataformização” (da web e do social) podem nos ajudar a rever práticas etnográficas, especialmente aquelas realizadas em contextos online. Argumento que as aproximações dos campos da antropologia e da comunicação podem trazer impactos positivos às discussões de ambas as áreas. Para isso, apresentarei um breve panorama dos estudos de plataforma de modo a introduzir estas noções. O artigo se debruçará sobre algumas pesquisas que aliaram o método etnográfico a tais estudos. A proposta é que eles nos permitam repensar o que chamamos de “campo etnográfico”, tal qual a ideia de “etnografia multissituada”, trazida por Marcus (1995) (comumente empregada em trabalhos antropológicos online), considerando seus desdobramentos ao ser friccionada à noção de plataformização. Conclui-se que, através da utilização desses conceitos, nossas teorias e práticas virtuais adquiram novas dinâmicas, contornos e significados.
Piercing the Smoke Screen: Dualism, Free Will, and Christianity
Authors: Murray Samuel , Murray Elise , Nadelhoffer Thomas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Research on the folk psychology of free will suggests that people believe free will is incompatible with determinism and that human decision-making cannot be exhaustively characterized by physical processes. Some suggest that certain elements of Western cultural history, especially Christianity, have helped to entrench these beliefs in the folk conceptual economy. Thus, on the basis of this explanation, one should expect to find three things: (1) a significant correlation between belief in dualism and belief in free will, (2) that people with predominantly incompatibilist commitments are likely to exhibit stronger dualist beliefs than people with predominantly compatibilist commitments, and (3) people who self-identify as Christians are more likely to be dualists and incompatibilists than people who do not self-identify as Christians. We present the results of two studies (n = 378) that challenge two of these expectations. While we do find a significant correlation between belief in dualism and belief in free will, we found no significant difference in dualist tendencies between compatibilists and incompatibilists. Moreover, we found that self-identifying as Christian did not significantly predict preference for a particular metaphysical conception of free will. This calls into question assumptions about the relationship between beliefs about free will, dualism, and Christianity.
An overlooked diversity—the Costellariidae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea
Authors: HARZHAUSER MATHIAS , LANDAU BERNARD 
Published: June 2021

The Miocene Costellariidae of the Paratethys Sea are revised. In total, 39 species in seven genera are recorded herein, documenting an unexpected diversity of these marine gastropods. The α-diversities of up to 14 species and basin-scale γ-diversities of up to 28 coeval species reveal the Central Paratethys as a unique diversity hot-spot for Miocene Costellariidae. Palaeobiogeographic relationships with the adjacent Proto-Mediterranean Sea are low at species level, and absent for Eastern Paratethyan and north-eastern Atlantic faunas. Antithala nov. gen. and Fedosovia nov. gen. are described as new genera. Bellardithala nov. nom. is introduced as new name for Micromitra Bellardi (1888) [non Meek, 1873]. Eight species are described as new: Antithala claviformis nov. sp., Antithala filipescui nov. sp., Bellardithala kovaci nov. sp., Bellardithala baluki nov. sp., Bellardithala fedosovi nov. sp., Bellardithala dacica nov. sp., Pusia confunda nov. sp., and Vexillum transalpinum nov. sp. Lectotypes are designated for Mitra badensis Hoernes & Auinger, 1880, M. brevior Friedberg, 1911, M. fuchsi Hoernes & Auinger, 1880, M. intermittens Hoernes & Auinger, 1880, M. januszkiewiczi Friedberg, 1928, M. lapugyensis Hoernes & Auinger, 1880, M. laubei Hoernes & Auinger, 1880, M. michelottii Hörnes, 1852, M. moravica Hoernes & Auinger, 1880, M. neugeboreni Hoernes & Auinger, 1880, M. partschi Hörnes, 1852, M. pseudorecticosta Boettger, 1906, M. sturi Hoernes & Auinger, 1880, M. szobbiensis Halaváts, 1884.
Development of the Extratropical Response to the Stratospheric Quasi-Biennial Oscillation
Authors: Rao Jian , Garfinkel Chaim I. , White Ian P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUsing the Model of an Idealized Moist Atmosphere (MiMA) capable of spontaneously generating a Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO), the gradual establishment of the extratropical response to the QBO is explored. The period and magnitude of the QBO and the magnitude of the polar Holton-Tan (HT) relationship is simulated in a free-running configuration of MiMA, comparable to that in state-of-the-art climate models. In order to isolate mechanisms whereby the QBO influences variability outside of the tropical atmosphere, a series of branch experiments are performed with nudged QBO winds. When easterly QBO winds maximized around 30 hPa are relaxed, an Eliassen-Palm (E-P) flux divergence dipole quickly forms in the extratropical middle stratosphere as a direct response to the tropical meridional circulation, in contrast to the HT mechanism which is associated with wave propagation near the zero wind line. This meridional circulation response to the relaxed QBO winds develops within the first 10 days in seasonally-varying and fixed-seasonal experiments. No detectable changes in upward propagation of waves in the midlatitude lowermost stratosphere are evident for at least 20 days after branching, with the first changes only evident after 20 days in perpetual midwinter and season-varying runs, but after 40 days in perpetual November runs. The polar vortex begins to respond around the 20th day, and subsequently a near-surface response in the Atlantic sector forms in mid-to-late winter runs. These results suggest that the maximum near-surface response observed in mid-to-late winter is not simply due to a random seasonal synchronization of the QBO phase, but also due to the long (short) lag of the surface response to a QBO relaxation in early (mid-to-late) winter.
Leveraging Collaboration in Pediatric Multidisciplinary Colorectal Care Using a Telehealth Platform
Authors: Lopez Joseph J. , Svetanoff Wendy Jo , Rosen John M. , Carrasco Alonso , Rentea Rebecca M. ,   the Comprehensive Colorectal Center of Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO
Published: June 2021

Purpose Pediatric colorectal problems often require complex multidisciplinary care (MDC), which has been affected by the SARS-CoV-2-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We describe our utilization and implementation of telehealth (TH) for pediatric colorectal surgery MDC visits and collate patient satisfaction using TH compared to in-person (IP) visits. Methods Implementation of a single-institution MDC TH platform to perform patient visits on February 1, 2020 was studied. Following 6 months of implementation, TH visits’ characteristics were compared with IP visits in the 3 months before implementation by patient volume, length of clinic visits, and patient satisfaction survey results. Results Before implementation, 152 (100%) of clinic visits were IP. During the implementation, 87 (37.7%) were TH visits. Seventy-four (49%) were MDC visits, 17 (23%) of these using the TH platform. Each TH visit’s median length was 25 minutes (IQR 15-30), while the median length of IP visits was 45 minutes (IQR 30-45). Pre-implementation satisfaction scores were 88.6% positive, while satisfaction scores after implementation were 96.8% positive. None of the patients who utilized the TH platform had an unplanned hospital admission within 24 hours of being seen. Conclusion Our experience demonstrates that the TH platform can provide an efficient avenue for established patients and families to receive highly complex multidisciplinary follow-up care. High levels of patient satisfaction indicated that TH should become part of the routine care plan for patients who require long-term or consistent follow-up.
What Psychology Students Want From Service-Learning
Authors: Valdez Christine E. , Lovell Jennifer L. 
Published: June 2021

Background: Limited research has examined how service-learning (SL) outcomes align with learning goals proposed for the undergraduate psychology major by the APA Board of Educational Affairs Task Force on Psychology Major Competences. Objective: To obtain student perspectives of SL, and to evaluate learning and inform curriculum development of SL specific to psychology learning goals. Method: Undergraduate psychology students ( N = 400) participated in a concurrent mixed-methods survey examining empathy, civic engagement, and professional identity between students who had and had not taken an upper-division SL course. Results: SL students reported increased engagement with APA learning goals of Ethical and Social Responsibility and Professional Development compared to students who did not take SL. SL students scored higher on civic engagement behaviors and professional identity. Students reported wanting more exposure to a range of psychology subdisciplines, various service opportunities, and multicultural diversity to support professional development. Conclusion: SL is a high-impact teaching practice that aligns with psychology learning goals. Teaching Implications: Findings informed the development of a generalist psychology SL course that introduced students to different domains of psychology. We discuss how to integrate learning activities to increase multicultural and other awareness, motivate social justice action, enhance career clarification, and increase professional self-efficacy.
The Bank Robbery: A Behavioral Observation Exercise for Enhancing Understanding of Reliability
Authors: Strelan Peter 
Published: June 2021

Background: The concept of reliability is central to conducting—and understanding—research in Psychology. Students’ understanding of concepts are strengthened when they learn by applying concepts. Objective: This article describes initial evidence of an activity for teaching reliability. Method: Students watched a short video of a staged bank robbery. They then tested the reliability of two different forms of police instructions for eyewitness recall. In so doing, they gained practice at calculating and interpreting inter-rater reliability and test-retest reliability. Results: Data collected from N = 191 students indicates that the exercise has a statistically significant positive effect on student understanding of and confidence about reliability concepts contributes to a roughly 20% increase in performance when comparing responses on pre- and post-exercise multiple choice questions. Conclusion: The activity gives students practice with the concept of reliability in a way that is engaging and memorable insofar as it demonstrates the implications of reliability for the real world. Teaching Implications: The activity is straightforward to implement and encourages students to learn by “doing.”
A rare case of syncronous solitary para-pharyngeal metastasis of clear cell carcinoma in a patient with small renal mass
Authors: Gallo Fabrizio , Gastaldi Emilio , Ninotta Gaetano , Baricalla Federico , Pastorino Alessandra , Venturino Ezio , Schenone Maurizio 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Unusual metastatic sites of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are not infrequent. We report a rare case of solitary pharyngeal metastasis as first presentation of RCC. Case description: A 74 years-old man was referred to our hospital due to rapidly progressive dyspnoea and dysphagia. Physical examination showed a large right para-pharyngeal mass. Imaging findings showed a 5.5 cm mass, suspicious for malignancy, which extended to right para and retro-pharyngeal spaces with compression of the major right cervical vessels, C2-C3 vertebral bodies osteolysis, dural sac compression and dislocation. Futhermore, a small (2.6 × 2 cm) mass located at the upper pole of the right kidney was shown. Patient underwent partial trans-oral removal of the mass. Pathological examination and immunochemistry resulting strongly suggestive for metastatic RCC. Considering the metastatic stage of the tumour and the rapidly progressive clinical worsening with poor performance status, we offered the patient a palliative treatment with tyrosine kinase and cytoreductive radiotherapy on vertebral bodies. The patient developed a rapidly progressive multifocal metastatic disease and died 4 months after the presentation. Conclusion: We think that our case is noteworthy for some aspects. Firstly, pharyngeal localizations of RCC are very rare and this is the first case of solitary pharyngeal metastasis. Secondly, this metastatic lesion was really particular because it was synchronous and twice as big than the primary tumour. Thirdly, this case is consistent with previous evidence that synchronous compared with metachronous metastasis RCC is associated with adverse effect on outcome and response to targeted treatment.
Preliminary safety study of the Automated Wearable Artificial Kidney (AWAK) in Peritoneal Dialysis patients
Authors: Htay Htay , Gow Sheena K , Jayaballa Mathini , Oei Elizabeth L , Chan Choong-Meng , Wu Sin-Yan , Foo Marjorie WY 
Published: June 2021

Background: Regeneration of peritoneal dialysis (PD) fluid using sorbent technology can provide flexibility and improve quality of life. This study examined the safety and efficacy of the automated wearable artificial kidney (AWAK) device in PD patients. Methods: This pilot study included prevalent PD patients from a single center in Singapore between 2016 and 2018. Participants underwent up to nine AWAK therapies over 72 h and were followed up for 1 month. Primary outcomes were serious adverse events (SAEs) and completion of nine therapies without device deficiency. Secondary outcomes were weekly peritoneal Kt/ V urea, solutes clearance and adverse events (AEs). Results: Twenty-one patients were screened and 15 were included in the study. Device alterations were required to overcome issues including flow occlusions initially, which resulted in three cohorts ( n = 2, 2 and 11 respectively). No SAEs were observed during the study and at the follow-ups. Common AEs were abdominal pain/discomfort (60%) and bloatedness (47%). The median estimated peritoneal weekly Kt/ V urea was 3.0 (interquartile range: 2.2–4.8). There were significant reductions in pre- and post-study median serum urea (20.8 vs. 14.9 mmol/L; p = 0.001), creatinine (976.0 vs. 667.5 µmol/L; p = 0.001), phosphate (1.7 vs. 1.5 mmol/L; p = 0.03), and β2-microglobulin (29114.0 vs. 26339.0 µg/L; p = 0.048). Fluid reabsorption occurred among patients with residual kidney function. However, median body weights were not significantly different pre- and post-study (66.4 vs. 65.7 kg; p = 0.83). Conclusions: This preliminary study demonstrated that no SAEs were observed with the AWAK-PD device; however, 60% of participants developed abdominal pain/discomfort. Further device enhancements are needed to improve ultrafiltration and reduce AEs.
Treatment of periprosthetic femoral fractures following total hip arthroplasty: results of an online survey of the European Hip Society
Authors: Thaler Martin , Weiss Carmen , Lechner Ricarda , Epinette Jean-Alain , Karachalios Theofilos S , Zagra Luigi 
Published: June 2021

Background: Periprosthetic femoral fractures (PPF) are a devastating complication after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Both trauma and adult reconstruction surgeons or combined teams treat these fractures following management algorithms. The aim of this study is to investigate the current treatment of PPF by members of the European Hip Society (EHS). Methods: An online survey of the members of the European Hip Society (EHS) was conducted. 20 cases of periprosthetic fracture were presented and surgeons were asked to answer questions regarding classification, treatment and postoperative treatment protocol. Results: A total of 132 (130 male; 2 female) EHS members responded. Mean years in surgical practice was 18.8 (min. 1 year; max. 50 years). The preferred surgical method was combined open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) (30.3%) for AG fractures, ORIF with cables (30.4%) for AL fractures, combined ORIF (cable and plate) for B1 fractures (49.2%), stem revision with cables for B2 fractures (73.1%), stem revision with cables for B3 (55.9%) fractures and combined ORIF (cable and plate: 55.5%) for C fractures. Surprisingly, 10.8% suggested various stem revision techniques for B1 and 17.4% for C fractures. Strong variations were observed regarding postoperative weight-bearing protocol. Conclusions: A strong consensus was found for the choice of conservative or surgical treatment of the different PPF types according to the Vancouver Classification. Various stem revision techniques were the preferred surgical techniques for Vancouver B2 (91.2%) and B3 (88.6%) fractures. However, for postoperative weight-bearing, when the ORIF technique was used, a significant variation of protocols was found.