bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Neurological Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Workups in Pediatric COVID-19: A Systematic Review
Authors: Octavius Gilbert Sterling , Chandra Shally , Wijaya Jeremiah Hilkiah , Juliansen Andry 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background While numerous studies report neurological manifestations of COVID-19, there are fewer reviews in the pediatric population, focusing solely on the manifestations.Aim This systematic review aims to describe the clinical manifestations and laboratory findings of pediatric patients with neurological manifestations of COVID-19.Methods We searched Pubmed, Science Direct, Medline, Scielo, Medrxiv, Research Square, SSRN, and Biorxiv with the appropriate keywords. Inclusion criteria include new-onset neurological manifestations with a time correlation to the confirmed COVID-19 with a further diagnostic work-up. We use The Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) essential evaluation checklist and Newcastle Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) to evaluate the quality of the studies. The protocol for this systematic review has been registered in The international Prospective Register of Systematic Review (PROSPERO) database (CRD42021228671).Results 31 articles were ultimately chosen with 42 patients (26 male) included in this systematic review. The neurological diagnosis was mostly of the CNS classification (38/42) with a predomination of brain disorders (22/38). Most patients had lymphopenia, elevated C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, ferritin, creatinine kinase, blood urea nitrogen, D-dimer, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. In the CNS group, CSF monocytes (55%; 11–80%), CSF polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells (15%; 0–96%), CSF red blood cells (282 cells/mm3; 2-4000 cells/mm3), and opening pressure (34.5 cm/H2O; 25–100 cm/H2O) were elevated.Conclusions Our systematic review found that neurological manifestations in COVID-19 occurred more often in males, with a majority being CNS disorders. A majority had a favorable outcome. More studies are needed in order to elucidate the viral mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 in CSF.
Normalization and Outlier Removal in Class Center-Based Firefly Algorithm for Missing Value Imputation
Authors: Nugroho Heru , Utama Nugraha Priya , Surendro Kridanto 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Missing data is one of the factors often causing incomplete data in research. Data normalization and missing value handling were considered major problems in the data pre-processing stage, while classification algorithms were adopted to handle numerical features. Furthermore, in cases where the observed data contains outliers, the missing values’ estimated results are sometimes unreliable, or even differ greatly from the true values. This study aims to proposed combination of normalization and outlier removal’s before imputing missing values using several methods, mean, random value, regression, multiple imputation, KNN, and C3-FA. Experimental results on the sonar dataset show normalization and outlier removal’s effect in these imputation methods. In the proposed C3-FA method, this produced accuracy, F1-Score, Precision, and Recall values of 0.906, 0.906, 0.908, and 0.906, respectively. Based on the KNN classifier evaluation results, this value outperformed the other five (5) methods. Meanwhile, the results for RMSE, Dks, and r obtained from combining normalization and outlier removal’s in the C3-FA method were 0.02, 0.04, and 0.935, respectively. This shows that the proposed method is able to reproduce the real values ​​of the data or the prediction accuracy and maintain the distribution of the values ​​or the distribution accuracy.
Upregulated lncARAT in Schwann Cells Promotes Axonal Regeneration through Recruiting Macrophages and Inducing Macrophages M2 Polarization
Authors: Yin Gang , Lin Yaofa , Wang Peilin , Zhou Jun , Lin Haodong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Axonal regeneration following peripheral nerve injury largely depends on a favorable microenvironment. Schwann cells (SCs) play a crucial role in axonal regeneration by interacting with macrophages, but the mechanisms underlying macrophages recruitment and polarization remain unclear. Methods: The total RNA of crushed sciatic nerves and intact contralateral nerves was extracted and used to RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). The differentially expressed long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and mRNAs were analyzed using bioinformatics analysis, and were verified using qPCR and western blot analysis. The putative role of lncRNA in nerve regeneration was analyzed in vitro and in vivo. Macrophage polarization phenotype was identified by assessing IL-10, Arg-1, and CD206.Results: Here we identified an lncRNA, termed Axon Regeneration-Associated Transcript (lncARAT), upregulated in SCs and SCs-derived exosomes after crushed sciatic nerves (CSN). LncARAT contributed to axonal regeneration and improved motor functional recovery. Mechanistically, lncARAT epigenetically activated CCL2 expression by recruiting KMT2A to CCL2 promoter, which resulted in an increased H3K4 trimethylation and CCL2 transcription in SCs. CCL2 upregulation facilitated the infiltration of macrophages into the injured nerves. Meanwhile, lncARAT-enriched exosomes were released from SCs and incorporated into macrophages. Once in macrophage, lncARAT functioned as an endogenous sponge to adsorb miRNA-329-5p, resulting in an increased SOCS2 expression, which facilitated macrophage M2 polarization through a STAT1/6-dependent pathway, thus promoted axonal regeneration. Conclusions: LncARAT may serve as a promising therapeutic avenue for peripheral nerve repair.
Effects of Compacted Forms (Stick and Pellet Fuels) of Rice Husks as Fuel Use on Silica Solubility for Fertilizer Use
Authors: Sekifuji Ryoko , Chieu Le Van , Tateda Masafumi , Takimoto Hiroshi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Extremely lightweight of rice husks due to low specific gravity is disadvantageous for accelerating its usage. To overcome this disadvantage, rice husks are sometimes compacted, that is, pelletized or solidified to assist easy and cheap collection and hauling. However, the compaction process may negatively affect the properties of silica in the husk. In this study, the influence of the compaction process was studied through the solubility and physical properties of silica. Two types of fuels, pellet and stick fuels, were synthesized and their influence on the properties of the fuel ash was evaluated. Consequently, stick fuels were better than pellet fuels in terms of fertilizer use of the ash during their use in residential stoves and small commercial heaters. Contrastingly, rice husks in the existing form were better than stick fuels under washing conditions; however, rice husks had disadvantages in terms of cost and handling during collection and hauling. Selection of rice husks in their existing form or compacted rice husks must be carefully considered based on the business approaches of the stakeholders.
SorCS3 Promotes the Internalization of p75NTR to Inhibit Glioma Progression
Authors: Zhang Yanqiu , Li Yue , Fan Yuhua , Zhao Baoshan , Liang Huan , Li Zhiliang , Xu Haiyan , Li Dongliang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Glioma is a fatal malignancy caused by dysregulation of cellular signal transduction. Internalization plays a key role in maintaining signalling balance. SorCS3 is involved in nerve cell receptor internalization. However, the impact of SorCS3 on the biological processes involved in glioma has not yet been reported. Here, we highlight the potential of SorCS3-mediated regulation of signalling receptor internalization as a rational target for therapeutic intervention in glioma.Methods: SorCS3 expression was analysed in the TCGA and CGGA databases and in tissue microarrays. The effects of SorCS3 on the proliferation and metastasis of glioma cells were examined in vitro and in vivo with Transwell, wound healing, EdU incorporation and nude mouse tumorigenicity assays. Fluorescent 5-FAM, SE-labelled proteins were used to detect the internalization of SorCS3 in glioma cells. Immunofluorescence and Co-IP assays were conducted to investigate the downstream effector of SorCS3. Moreover, Dynasore and Ro 08-2750, inhibitors of internalization and NGF binding to p75NTR, respectively, were used to validate the biological functions of SorCS3 in glioma.Results: Our data demonstrated that SorCS3 was downregulated in glioma tissues and closely related to favourable prognosis. Overexpression of SorCS3 inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of glioma cells in vitro and in vivo, while silencing of SorCS3 exerted the opposite effects. Mechanistic investigations showed that SorCS3 bound to p75NTR, which subsequently increased the internalization of p75NTR, and then transported p75NTR to the lysosome for degradation, ultimately contributing to inhibition of glioma progression.Conclusions: Our work suggests that SorSC3 is a marker of promising prognosis in glioma patients and suggests that SorCS3 regulates internalization, which plays an important role in inhibiting glioma progression.
Comparison of OPD-Scan III and Pentacam in Measuring Biological Measurements in Cataract Patients with Corneal Astigmatism
Authors: Li Panpan , Song Yu , Tu Yuanyuan , Yuan You 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose To assess the accuracy of OPD-Scan III in measuring keratometry, astigmatism, axes and intraocular lens (IOL) power in cataract patients with corneal astigmatism.Methods Cataract patients with keratometric astigmatism (KA) measurements greater than 0.75 D were included. Measurements were taken with OPD-Scan III and Pentacam devices. The following measurements were obtained via these 2 devices: keratometry in the steepest axis (Ks) and ﬂattest axis (Kf), KA, axis, Jackson crossed cylinder of powers J0 and J45 and IOL power.Results Seventy eyes of 63 patients were included to analyze the repeatability of the two devices. The ICCs of each index were greater than 0.85 via the OPD-Scan III. Seven hundred thirty-two eyes of 516 patients were included to analyze the differences, correlations and agreements of the two devices. Statistically significant differences between the devices were found in Ks, Kf, axis, J0 and J45 (all p < 0.01). There were significant correlations found between the two devices in each index (all p < 0.01). The 95% limits of agreement (LOAs) for Ks, Kf, KA, axis, J0, J45 and IOL power were (-0.34, 0.44) D, (-0.24, 0.38) D, (-0.46, 0.48) D, (-10.20, 12.92) °, (-0.24, 0.24) D, (-0.27, 0.35) D and (-0.32, 0.22) D, respectively.Conclusion OPD-Scan III had high accuracies for measuring keratometry and IOL power, but the accuracies for measuring astigmatism and the axis were poor in eyes with moderate to high astigmatism.
Mechanosensitive Cation Channel Piezo1 Contributes To Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury By Activating RhoA/ROCK1 In Rats
Authors: Zhang Yang , Jiang Lulu , Huang Tianfeng , Lu Dahao , Song Yue , Wang Lihui , Gao Ju 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Mechanical ventilation can induce or aggravate lung injury, which is termed ventilator‑induced lung injury. Piezo1 is a key element of the mechanotransduction process and can transduce mechanical signals into biological signals by mediating Ca2+ influx, which in turn regulates cytoskeletal remodeling and stress alterations. We hypothesized that it plays an important role in the occurrence of ventilator‑induced lung injury, and we investigated the underlying mechanisms. Methods: High tidal volume mechanical ventilation and high magnitude cyclic stretch were performed on Sprague Dawley rats, and A549 and human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells, respectively, to establish ventilator‑induced lung injury models. Immunohistochemical staining, flow cytometry, histological examination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting, quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR and survival curves were used to assess the effect of Piezo1 on induction of lung injury, as well as the signaling pathways involved.Results: We observed that Piezo1 expression increased in the lungs after high tidal volume mechanical ventilation and in cyclic stretch-treated cells. Mechanistically, we observed the enhanced expression of RhoA/ROCK1 in both cyclic stretch and Yoda1-treated cells, while the deficiency or inhibition of Piezo1 dramatically antagonized RhoA/ROCK1 expression. Furthermore, blockade of RhoA/ROCK1 signaling using an inhibitor did not affect Piezo1 expression. GSMTx4 was used to inhibit Piezo1, which alleviated ventilator‑induced lung injury-induced pathologic changes, water content and protein leakage in the lungs, and the induction of systemic inﬂammatory mediators, and improved the 7-day mortality rate in the model rats. Conclusions: These findings indicate that Piezo1 affects the development and progression of ventilator‑induced lung injury through promotion of RhoA/ROCK1 signaling.
VCAM-1 Is Associated With High Cardiovascular Risk Predicted by the Framingham Score: A Cross-Sectional Study With Diabetic Women
Authors: Neri Ane Karoline Medina , Júnior Geraldo Bezerra da Silva , Meneses Gdayllon Cavalcante , Lino Danielli Oliveira da Costa , Martins Alice Maria Costa , Lázaro Ana Paula Pires , Cairutas Rebeca Viana Brígido de Moura , Júnior José Humberto da Silva , Lima Jeruza Mara de Oliveira , Silva Ricardo Pereira 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

The best strategy to establish cardiovascular risk (CVR) in women has yet to be defined, although risk scores are widely used. The inclusion of endothelial biomarkers, such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), to the risk scores could increase their discriminatory power and improve risk assessment.
Objective

To evaluate the association between endothelial biomarkers and CVR in women with type 2 DM (T2DM) and without previous cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Methods

Cross-sectional study, including women with T2DM from Fortaleza, Brazil, from January to October 2017. Women aged 30 to 74 years were included and those with CVD were excluded. Clinical and laboratory data were evaluated (age; time of T2DM diagnosis; hypertension presence and treatment; smoking; body mass index - BMI; systolic blood pressure - SBP and diastolic blood pressure - DBP; glycemic and lipid profiles and serum biomarkers VCAM-1, fibroblast growth factor-23, Syndecan-1 and Angiopoietin-2). The CVR was stratified using the Framingham Risk Score - FRS (version with laboratory tests - laboratory FRS and the one with the BMI - non-laboratory FRS) and the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) risk engine.
Results

In total, eighty-eight diabetic women were evaluated, with mean age 56 ± 10 years and T2DM time of 5 (3–9) years, most of them hypertensive (71.6%), overweight or obese (74%), with altered blood glucose levels (blood glucose 8.53 ± 3.65 mmol/L and hbA1c of 65 ± 1 mmol/mol) and lipids (LDL 27.06 ± 8.99 mmol/L), in addition to high risk according to laboratory (72.7%) and non-laboratory (81.8%) FRS and low risk for any UKPDS score outcome. Regarding the biomarkers, only VCAM-1 showed an association with CVR, mainly with a high-risk classification using laboratory FRS (p = 0.024), even in this population without CVD.
Conclusion

The assessed diabetic women without previous CVD had high CVR in traditional scores (FRS scores) and low CVR in specific score for diabetics (UKPDS score). VCAM-1 may be useful in detect subclinical endothelial dysfunction in women with T2DM and its incorporation into scores may improve the accuracy in risk stratification of women with T2DM.
A Label-free Optical Sensing Platform for Beta-glucosidase Activity Using Protein-inorganic Hybrid Nanoflowers
Authors: Liu Ziping , Liu Shasha , Gao Decai , Li Yanan , Tian Ye , Bai Edith 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this work, a convenient, label-free and dual-signal readout optical sensing platform for the sensitively and selectively determination of beta-glucosidase (β-Glu) activity was reported using protein-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers [BSA-Cu3(PO4)2·3H2O] possessing peroxidase-mimicking activity. The nanoflowers (NFs) were facilely synthesized through a self-assembled synthesis strategy at room temperature. The as-prepared NFs could catalytically convert the colorless and non-fluorescent Amplex Red into colored and highly fluorescent resorufin in the presence of hydrogen peroxide via electron transfer process. β-Glu could hydrolyze cyanogenic glycoside, using amygdalin (Amy) as a model, into cyanide ions (CN-), which can subsequently efficiently suppress the catalytic activity of NFs, accompanied with the fluorescence decrease and the color fading. The concentration of CN- was controlled by β-Glu-triggered enzymatic reaction of Amy. Thus, a sensing system was established for fluorescent and visual determination of β-Glu activity. Under the optimum conditions, the present fluorescent and visual bimodal sensing platform exhibited good sensitivity for β-Glu activity assay with a detection limit of 0.33 U·L-1. The sensing platform was further applied to determinate β-Glu in real samples and satisfactory results were attained. Additionally, the label-free optical sensing system can potentially be a promising candidate for β-Glu inhibitors screening.
Clinical Factors and Pre- Surgery Depression Scores Predict Pain Intensity in Cardiac Surgery Patients
Authors: Gohari Jacob , Grosman-Rimon Liza , Arazi Mattan , Caspi-Avissar Noa , Granot Dina , Gleitman Sagi , BSn Jawdat Badarny , Lubovich Alla , Sudarsky Doron , Carasso Shemy , Birati Edo Y. , Kachel Erez 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objectives: Moderate to severe pain is prevalent in cardiac surgery patients and can increase cardiac complications, morbidity and mortality. The objectives of the study were to assess perioperative pain intensity and to assess predictors of pain post-cardiac surgery, including clinical characteristics and depression. Methods: A total of 98 cardiac surgery patients were included in the study. Pain intensity was assessed using a Numerical Rating System at 1 day pre-operatively and 2 day post-operatively until hospital discharge. Clinical data were recorded and depression scores were assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Study of Depression (CES-D). Results: Pain intensity increased significantly during hospitalization from pre-operative levels, surging at 2 day post-operatively. Predictors of high pain intensity were high pre-operative CES-D scores, female gender, cardiac function, smoking and high body mass index (BMI). Significantly higher pre-operative CES-D scores were found in patients with severe pain compared to patients with no pain to moderate pain (18.23±1.80 vs 12.84±1.22, p= 0.01 pre-operatively). Patients with severe pain (NRS 7-10) had significantly higher levels of white blood cells (WBC) compared to patients with no pain-moderate pain (NRS 0-6), (p=0.01). However, CES-D scores were only weakly correlated maximum WBC levels perioperatively.Discussion: Pain intensity significantly increased following surgery, and was associated with depressive symptoms, female sex, cardiac function, BMI, and smoking. These factors may serve as a basis for identification and intervention to help prevent the transition from acute pain to chronic pain.
The Virulence Associated fsr Quorum Sensing System Play Key Roles in Enterococcus Faecalis
Authors: Yue Jinglin , Du Pengcheng , Hua Mingxi , Liu Xinzhe , Duan Ang , Chen Nan , Chen Chen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis, a major nosocomial pathogen, has become a top leading cause of hospital-acquired infections including urinary tract infections, endocarditis and bacteremia. It is important to study the epidemiology and virulence characteristics of E. faecalis isolates in order to tailor infection prevention and antibiotic prescribing. In this study, comparative genomic analysis was conducted on 537 isolates from different human origins. The isolates from bloodstream and intra-abdominal lining had the largest and smallest average genome size respectively, while the isolates from open natural orifices (gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, respiratory tract, wound and eye) had medium average genome size. The phylogenetic relationships were expounded that the strain isolation niche is uncorrelated with strain phylogeny. Six clonal complexes generally appeared in different isolation sources. Furthermore, genomic analysis revealed differences at the accessory genome, the functions of different genes mainly pointed to the virulence, drug resistance and metabolism of E. faecalis. Interestingly, fsr quorum sensing system genes affecting biofilm formation had a highest proportion in the blood-derived strains. This study showed the genomic characteristics of different human origins and suggested that fsr quorum-sensing system maybe a contributing factor of bacteremia due to E. faecalis infection.
Prognostic Value of Tumour Size in Colon Cancer – Smaller is Better?
Authors: Lu Siyi , Wang Bingyan , Liu Zhenzhen , Li Fei , Lu Yongqu , Meng Yan , Wang Junwei , Wang Hao , Guo Limei , Zhou Xin , Fu Wei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The prognostic value of tumour size in colon cancer remains controversial. This study aimed to reveal the correlation between tumour size and prognosis of colon cancer.Methods: A total of 498 patients with colon cancer were included in this study. The correlation of tumour size with prognosis, mismatch repair status and other clinicopathological characteristics as well as tumour microenvironment was analysed.Results: For stage IIA microsatellite stable (MSS) colon cancer, tumours sized <3.5 cm and ≥5 cm were associated with a poorer disease free survival (DFS) compared with tumours sized between 3.5 and 5 cm (p=0.002). Small tumour size (HR=5.098, p=0.001) and large tumour size (HR=2.749, p=0.029) were found to be independent prognostic factors for stage IIA MSS colon cancer. Moreover, high expression of transgelin (TAGLN), a marker of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), was found to be an independent prognostic factor for poorer DFS (HR=9.651, p=0.009), which was also associated with smaller tumour size (p=0.027).Conclusion: Small (<3.5 cm) and large (≥5 cm) tumour sizes are associated with decreased DFS in stage IIA MSS colon cancer. Enrichment of TAGLN+ CAFs is associated with decreased DFS and small tumour size.
Seed-Specific Expression of Apolipoprotein A-I Milano Dimer in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Transgenic Lines
Authors: Reggi Serena , Onelli Elisabetta , Moscatelli Alessandra , Stroppa Nadia , Dell’Anno Matteo , Perfanov Kiril , Rossi Luciana 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I Milano (ApoA-IM) has been shown to significantly reduce coronary atherosclerotic plaques. However, the preparation of cost-effective pharmaceutical formulations of Apo A-I Milano can be limited by the high cost and difficulty of purifying the protein and producing the highly effective dimeric form. The aim of this study was the characterization of rice plants expressing the ApoA-I Milano protein primarily in a dimeric form, specifically in the seeds. The seed-specific 13 kDa rice-prolamin promoter drives the expression of ApoA-I Milano to different caryopsis tissues such as seed coat, aleurone cells, and endosperm, particularly into amyloplast and storage vacuoles. A plant-based ApoA-I Milano production system offers numerous advantages over current production systems, including direct production of the most therapeutically effective dimeric ApoA-I Milano forms, long-term storage of protein in seeds, and ease of protein production by simply growing plants. Therefore, seeds could provide a cost-effective source of ApoA-I Milano for use as a therapeutic.