bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shape prior generation and geodesic active contour interactive iterating algorithm (SPACIAL): fully automatic segmentation for 3D lumen in intravascular optical coherence tomography images
Authors: Gui Luying , Ma Jun , Yang Xiaoping 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurpose: Fully automatic lumen segmentation in intravascular optical coherence tomography (OCT) images can assist physicians in quickly estimating the health status of vessels. However, OCT images are usually degraded by residual blood, catheter walls, guide wire artifacts, etc., which significantly reduce the quality of segmentation. To achieve accurate lumen segmentation in low‐quality images, we propose a novel segmentation algorithm named SPACIAL: Shape Prior generation and geodesic Active Contour Interactive iterAting aLgorithm, which is guided by an adaptively generated shape prior.Methods: In this framework, the active contour evolves under the guidance of shape prior, while the shape prior is automatically and adaptively generated based on the active contour. The active contour and the shape prior interactively iterate each other, which can generate the adaptive shape prior and consequently lead to accurate segmentation results. In addition, a fast algorithm is introduced to accelerate the segmentation in 3D images.Results: The validity of the model is verified in 3240 images from 12 OCT pullbacks. The experimental results show satisfactory segmentation accuracy and time efficiency: the average Dice coefficient of SPACIAL is 93.6(2.4)%, and 5.7 times faster than that of the classical level set method.Conclusion: The proposed SPACIAL can quickly and efficiently perform accurate lumen segmentation on low quality OCT images, which is of great importance to cardiovascular disease diagnosis . The SPACIAL method shows great potential in clinical applications.
Nachruf: Siegfried Niese (1932‐2021)
Authors: Mailand Irene , Degering Detlev , Köhler Matthias 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAm 2. April 2021 starb Siegfried Niese, der sich über Jahrzehnte am Forschungsstandort Rossendorf für die radiochemische Analytik eingesetzt hat.
Protein requirements for critically ill ventilator‐dependent patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Buckley Christopher T. , Prasanna Nivedita , Mays Abby L. , Tinsley Jeanette M. , Dickerson Roland N. 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundRecent studies indicate critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) are hypermetabolic; however, protein requirements in critically ill COVID‐19 patients are unknown. Our intent was to evaluate the nitrogen accretion response to varying protein intakes for critically ill ventilator‐dependent patients with COVID‐19.MethodsAdult patients (age ≥ 18 years) with COVID‐19, admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and who required mechanical ventilation were retrospectively evaluated. Patients received continuous enteral nutrition (EN), including supplemental protein boluses, and had a 24‐h urine collection for determination of nitrogen balance (NBAL). Data are expressed as mean ± SD with a P‐value < .05 as significant.ResultsTwenty‐two patients provided 29 NBAL determinations. Protein intake from EN and protein supplements was 0.9 ± 0.7 g/kg/day at the time of the NBAL with an NBAL of –12.1 ± 10.9 g/day at 7 ± 4 days in the ICU. Combined caloric intake from EN and propofol at the time of the NBAL was 12 ± 8 kcal/kg/day. Nitrogen equilibrium (NBAL of –4 g/day or better) occurred in five patients. Patients achieving nitrogen equilibrium received more protein than those with a negative NBAL (1.2 ± 0.4 g/kg/day vs 0.8 ± 0.8 g/kg/day, P = .046). The linear regression for NBAL in response to graded increases in protein intake was as follows: NBAL = 8.5 × protein intake (g/kg/day) – 18.8 (r = 0.450, P < .001).ConclusionCritically ill ventilator‐dependent patients with COVID‐19 exhibit significant variability in nitrogen accretion response to increases in protein intake and often have a markedly negative NBAL.
Richtig gewichtig
Authors: Thaller Sigrid , Močnik Richard , Mathelitsch Leopold 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungBeim Gewichtheben im Sport ist nicht nur Kraft, sondern auch die richtige Technik essentiell. Das Beispiel des Kreuzhebens (Deadlift) zeigt, dass eine breitere Fußstellung die Hebehöhe und damit die aufzuwendende Energie reduziert. In der vorgebeugten Anfangsphase des Hebens sind die Kräfte am größten, insbesondere auf die Wirbelsäule. Hinzu kommt ein ungünstiges Anwinkeln der Fuß‐,Knie‐ und Hüftgelenke. Insbesondere der Druck auf die Wirbelsäule und Bandscheiben kann bei großen Gewichten stark ansteigen. Ein Gewichthebergürtel erhöht den die Wirbelsäule unterstützenden Druck im Bauchraum.
Theoretical research on molecular motors based on 4,5‐diazafluorenyl coordination motifs
Authors: Guan Qiuping , Wang Hailong , Wang Xueye 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe properties of naphthalene‐containing molecular motors (L1), pyrene‐containing molecular motor (L2), and two complexes (Zn (CN)2(L1) and Zn (CN)2(L2)) based on 4,5‐diazafluorenyl coordination motifs are compared and analyzed. The influence of structural modification on the thermal helix inversion step is studied through density functional theory (DFT). The analysis of the rotation energy barrier shows that the expansion of the rotor structure of motor increases the energy barrier of the rotation process, but the motors L1 and L2 act as ligands to coordinate with the metal, which is an effective method to reduce the rotation energy barrier value. Through frontier molecular orbital (FMO), it is found that expanding the π‐conjugation system in the rotor part of the motor can increase the chemical reactivity of the motor. Then the ultraviolet‐visible (UV/Vis) absorption spectra of the motors is calculated, indicating the expansion of the π‐conjugation system in the upper half of the molecular motor is a feasible method to move the excitation wavelength to the visible light region. Finally, hole‐electron analysis is carried out. The expansion of the π‐electron system of the motor rotor and the coordination of the rotor and metal can improve the efficiency of hole‐electron separation and facilitate electron transfer.
The 27th Annual Prostate Cancer Foundation Scientific Retreat Report
Authors: Miyahira Andrea K. , Soule Howard R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe 27th Annual Prostate Cancer Foundation (PCF) Scientific Retreat was held virtually from October 20 to 23, 2020.MethodsThe Annual PCF Scientific Retreat is a global scientific research conference that highlights the most promising and cutting edge advances in prostate cancer basic, translational and clinical research, as well as research from other fields with a strong potential for advancing prostate cancer research.ResultsPrimary areas of research discussed at the 2020 PCF Retreat included: (i) the intersection between prostate cancer and COVID‐19 research; (ii) lessons from the COVID‐19 pandemic that may address prostate cancer disparities; (iv) the role of the microbiome in cancer; (v) current challenges in treatment of patients with metastatic prostate cancer; (viii) prostate cancer germline genetics and evolutionary genomics; (ix) advances in circulating DNA methylation biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment selection; (x) advances in the development of MYC‐targeting therapeutics; (xi) advances in antibody‐drug conjugates for the treatment of cancer; (xii) advances for immunotherapy in prostate cancer; and (xiii) updates from other recent prostate cancer clinical trials.ConclusionsThis article summarizes the research presented at the 2020 PCF Scientific Retreat. We hope that dissemination of this knowledge will help to accelerate and direct the next major advances in prostate cancer research and care.
The effect of Gymnema sylvestre supplementation on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Devangan Suneel , Varghese Bincy , Johny Ebin , Gurram Surender , Adela Ramu 
Published: September 2021

This systematic review and meta‐analysis aims to find the effect of Gymnema sylvestre (GS) supplementation on glycemic control in type‐2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). PubMed, Cochrane library, Google Scholar, and Science Direct were searched from inception to June 2020 to identify the studies that reported GS supplementation on glycemic parameters. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was calculated by comparing the post‐intervention data with baseline data. SMDs with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using a random‐effects model. Our meta‐analysis consisting of 10 studies with a total of 419 participants showed that GS supplementation significantly reduces fasting blood glucose (FBG) (SMD 1.57 mg/dl, 95% CI 2.22 to −0.93, p < .0001, I2 90%), postprandial blood glucose (PPBG) (SMD 1.04 mg/dl, 95% CI 1.53 to −0.54, p < .0001, I2 80%), and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (SMD 3.91, 95% CI 7.35 to −0.16%, p < .0001, I2 99%) compared to baseline. Further, our study also found that GS significantly reduces triglycerides (SMD 1.81 mg/dl, 95% CI 2.95 to −0.66, p < .0001, I2: 96%), and total cholesterol (SMD 4.10 mg/dl, 95% CI 7.21 to −0.99, p < .0001, I2: 98%) compared to baseline. Our study shows that GS supplementation is effective in improving glycemic control and reducing lipid levels in T2DM patients and suggests that such supplementation might be used as an effective therapy for the management of T2DM and its associated complications to an extent.
An easy to use GUI for simulating big data using Tennessee Eastman process
Authors: Andersen Emil B. , Udugama Isuru A. , Gernaey Krist V. , Khan Abdul R. , Bayer Christoph , Kulahci Murat 
Published: September 2021

AbstractData‐driven process monitoring and control techniques and their application to industrial chemical processes are gaining popularity due to the current focus on Industry 4.0, digitalization and the Internet of Things. However, for the development of such techniques, there are significant barriers that must be overcome in obtaining sufficiently large and reliable datasets. As a result, the use of real plant and process data in developing and testing data‐driven process monitoring and control tools can be difficult without investing significant efforts in acquiring, treating, and interpreting the data. Therefore, researchers need a tool that effortlessly generates large amounts of realistic and reliable process data without the requirement for additional data treatment or interpretation. In this work, we propose a data generation platform based on the Tennessee Eastman Process simulation benchmark. A graphical user interface (GUI) developed in MATLAB Simulink is presented that enables users to generate massive amounts of data for testing applicability of big data concepts in the realm of process control for continuous time‐dependent processes. An R‐Shiny app that interacts with the data generation tool is also presented for illustration purposes. The app can visualize the results generated by the Tennessee Eastman Process and can carry out a standard fault detection and diagnosis studies based on PCA. The data generator GUI is available free of charge for research purposes at https://github.com/dtuprodana/TEP.
Wildfire governance in a changing world: Insights for policy learning and policy transfer
Authors: Nikolakis William , Roberts Emma 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSocieties must learn to live with, and adapt to wildfire risk. Here we examine wildfire governance and policy in British Columbia (BC), Canada over the last two decades, to examine how policy lessons are drawn from wildfire events. We focus on independent reviews and their recommendations provided, lessons learned from abroad, and whether policy and governance has changed (or not). Jurisdictional and intercultural issues in BC's wildfire response are outlined in this paper, and opportunities for innovative solutions are examined. We then present a case study of the Tsilhqot'in Fire Management program to demonstrate how Indigenous Fire Management is being revitalized as a proactive solution to wildfire. Our intent is to reveal why policy learning and transfer from Indigenous peoples is increasing in this context, and we identify how this is occurring. Barriers to implementation are outlined, and implications for wildfire governance in BC and globally are discussed.
Discrete‐time impulsive and switched systems with delayed impulses: Delay‐based criteria on input‐to‐state stability
Authors: Gao Lijun , Liu Huiying , Park Ju H. , Liu Zihan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article addresses input‐to‐state stability (ISS) for general discrete‐time impulsive and switched delayed systems coupled with delayed impulses. In view of the multiple Lyapunov functionals and the subsequence method, some novel sufficient criteria pledging ISS are established. It is indicated that, the impulsive and switched delayed systems as an integral will be ISS if destabilizing impulses do not happen too frequently when the system flows are ISS with the impulse dynamics governing the delay‐dependent impulses not being ISS. Oppositely, when the impulse dynamics are ISS with the system flows not being ISS, the delayed impulses are demanded to happen intensively enough to eliminate the destabilizing influences of the system dynamics so that the ISS can be realized for the whole system. Especially, the whole system is ISS for arbitrary impulse time series when the system flows and the impulse dynamics are both ISS. The results obtained in this article, when compared with the prior consequences on similar problems, can deal with a large class of discrete delayed systems as the criteria not only apply to the cases of smaller delays than the dwell time bound, but also suitable to larger. Moreover, the acquired dwell time bound is more relaxed than existing ones in the sense that the dwell time constraints are independent of delay bounds and an extra parameter. In order to prove the effectiveness of the theoretical results, two examples are expressed with numerical simulations, in which the Chua's circuit system with delay‐dependent impulses is considered.
Multiple event‐triggered schemes for a class of switched descriptor systems with asynchronous switching
Authors: Shi Jiasheng , Zhao Jun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article studies asynchronous switching for a class of switched descriptor systems (SDSs) under multiple event‐triggered schemes (ETSs). First, by using a mode‐dependent coordinates transformation, a SDS is equivalently transformed into a reduced‐order ordinary switched linear system with state jumps. Then, multiple ETSs are used to transmit the state and switching signal information. The asynchronism between system modes and controller modes inevitably happens in a switching interval. Next, by constructing a controller‐mode‐dependent Lyapunov functional and using the asynchronous switching strategy, an exponential stability criterion is presented for the closed‐loop system with average dwell time switching signals. Meanwhile, the state feedback controller and multiple ETSs are codesigned. Besides, the Zeno behavior is avoided. In the end, the validity of the proposed method is demonstrated by a numerical example.
Can fish lifts aid upstream dispersal of the invasive red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) past high‐head hydropower plants?
Authors: Santos José Maria , Amaral Susana Dias , Pádua João 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMany types of fish passage facilities have been built worldwide to mitigate river fragmentation by instream barriers and partially restore upstream movements of fish. Among these, fish lifts are a design that enables fish to pass through high‐head obstacles (>15 m height) and can be considered the most cost‐effective fishway. However, fishways may also be used by non‐native invasive species to disperse and impact new areas and organisms upstream. As far as the authors are aware, this short communication is the first record of the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) passing through a fish lift. The lift, built at the Touvedo hydropower plant on the Lima River (northwestern Portugal), was mainly designed for the upstream passage of diadromous fish. Fish‐lift use and upstream passage of two crayfish occurred over 3 years (November 2017–October 2020) during periods of turbine shutdown and high water temperatures (18°C). In the present case, the crayfish passage should not pose a serious threat due to the limiting characteristics of the upstream lotic environment. Nevertheless, despite the small sample size, this study shows the importance of considering the passage of invasive crayfish species while planning future fishways and the need to continuously monitor such facilities to detect the passage of this and other non‐native invasive species.
A Film‐Forming System Hybridized with a Nanostructured Chloroacetamide Derivative for Dermatophytosis Treatment
Authors: da R. M. Machado Gabriella , Inácio Luiz A. M. , Berlitz Simone J. , Pippi Bruna , Kulkamp‐Guerreiro Irene C. , Lavorato Stefânia N. , Alves Ricardo J. , de Andrade Saulo F. , Fuentefria Alexandre M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDermatophytosis is the fourth cause of infectious disease in the world, affecting about 40 % of the population. Thus, the prospection for new agents and the new formulations with antifungal potential is necessary. This study evaluated the anti‐dermatophytic activity of a nanostructure (NS) containing a chloroacetamide derivative (4‐BFCA‐NS) as well as its dose‐response kinetics and skin adhesive property when associated to a film‐forming system (4‐BFCA‐NS‐FFS), forming a hybrid. The dose‐response curves of 4‐BFCA‐NS and 4‐BFCA‐NS‐FFS were evaluated by time‐kill assay. A texture analyzer was used for evaluated the skin adhesive property of the formulations. NS presented a nanometric size, monomodal distribution, positive zeta potential, and slightly acidic pH. 4‐BFCA‐NS maintained the anti‐dermatophytic action of 4‐BFCA (MIC range 6.25–25 μg ml−1). 4‐BFCA‐NS‐FFS hybrid presented a fungicidal action and skin adhesive capacity, suggesting its applicability as a new topical formulation for the treatment of superficial and cutaneous dermatophytosis.
In Situ Defect Induction in Close‐Packed Lattice Plane for the Efficient Zinc Ion Storage
Authors: Xie Xuefang , Fang Guozhao , Xu Wenjie , Li Jialin , Long Mengqiu , Liang Shuquan , Cao Guozhong , Pan Anqiang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn situ electrochemical activation brings unexpected electrochemical performance improvements to electrode materials, but the mechanism behind it still needs further study. Herein, an electrochemically in situ defect induction in close‐packed lattice plane of vanadium nitride oxide (VNxOy) in aqueous zinc‐ion battery is reported. It is verified by theoretical calculation and experiment that the original compact structure is not suitable for the insert of Zn2+ ion, while a highly active one after the initial electrochemical activization accompanied by the in situ defect induction in close‐packed lattice plane of VNxOy exhibits efficient zinc ion storage. As expected, activated VNxOy can achieve very high reversible capacity of 231.4 mA h g−1 at 1 A g−1 and cycle stability upto 6000 cycles at 10 A g−1 with a capacity retention of 94.3%. This work proposes a new insight for understanding the electrochemically in situ transformation to obtain highly active cathode materials for the aqueous zinc‐ion batteries.
Convallatoxin, the primary cardiac glycoside in lily of the valley (Convallaria majalis), induces tissue factor expression in endothelial cells
Authors: Morimoto Mami , Tatsumi Kohei , Yuui Katsuya , Terazawa Ikuko , Kudo Risa , Kasuda Shogo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundConvallotoxin (CNT), present in lily of the valley (Convallaria majalis), is a toxin that causes food poisoning among humans and companion animals. Although various symptoms of CNT poisoning have been well described, hypercoagulability owing to CNT is only empirically known among some veterinarians, and the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. CNT exerts cytotoxic effects on endothelial cells.ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine whether CNT induces the expression of tissue factor (TF), a potent initiator of the extrinsic coagulation cascade, in endothelial cells and leads to a hypercoagulable state.MethodsHuman umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used for in vitro experiments. HUVECs were treated with or without CNT (50 and 100 nM) for 4 h. Phosphate‐buffered saline was used as a control. Cell viability was determined using the WST‐8 assay. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine TF mRNA expression. TF protein expression was observed using a laser scanning confocal microscope.ResultsThe viability of HUVECs significantly reduced after CNT treatment compared with that of non‐treated cells (p < 0.05). Moreover, a significant increase in TF mRNA and protein expression was observed after 4 h of CNT treatment. CNT elicited these effects in a dose‐dependent manner.ConclusionsTF expression induced by CNT in endothelial cells can contribute to the development of a hypercoagulable state. The present study partially revealed the mechanisms underlying the CNT‐induced hypercoagulable state. The findings can contribute to the development of a novel therapy for lily of the valley poisoning.
Metallic, metal oxide, and metalloid nanoparticles toxic effects on freshwater microcrustaceans: An update and basis for the use of new test species
Authors: Gutierrez María Florencia , Ale Analía , Andrade Victoria , Bacchetta Carla , Rossi Andrea , Cazenave Jimena 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this article, we performed a literature review on the metallic, metal oxide, and metalloid nanoparticles (NP) effects on freshwater microcrustaceans, specifically focusing on (i) the main factors influencing the NP toxicity and (ii) their main ecotoxicological effects. Also, given that most studies are currently developed on the standard test species Daphnia magna Straus, we analyzed (iii) the potential differences in the biological responses between D. magna and other freshwater microcrustacean, and (iv) the ecological implications of considering only D. magna as surrogate of other microcrustaceans. We found that NP effects on microcrustaceans depended on their intrinsic properties as well as the exposure conditions. Among the general responses to different NP, we identified body burial, feeding inhibition, biochemical effects, metabolic changes, and reproductive and behavioral alterations. The differences in the biological responses between D. magna and other freshwater microcrustacean rely on the morphology (size and shape), ecological traits (feeding mechanisms, life cycles), and intrinsic sensitivities. Thus, we strongly recommend the use of microcrustaceans species with different morphological, physiological, and ecological characteristics in future ecotoxicity tests with NP to provide relevant information with regulation purposes regarding the discharge of NP into aquatic environments.Practitioner points

Nanoparticles effects depend on intrinsic and external factors.
Nanoparticles affect the morphology, physiology, and behavior.
Effects on Daphnia differ from other microcrustaceans.
The use of more diverse test species is suggested.