bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variable Seed Bed Microsite Conditions and Light Influence Germination in Australian Winter Annuals
Authors: Towers Isaac Ray , Merritt David J , Erikson Todd E , Mayfield Margaret M , Dwyer John M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Environmentally-cued germination may play an important role in promoting coexistence in Mediterranean annual plant systems if it causes niche differentiation across heterogenous microsite conditions. In this study, we tested how microsite conditions experienced by seeds in the field and light conditions in the laboratory influenced germination in twelve common annual plant species occurring in the understorey of the York gum-jam woodlands in southwest Western Australia. Specifically, we hypothesized that if germination promotes spatial niche differentiation then we should observe species-specific germination responses to light. In addition, we hypothesized that species’ laboratory germination response may depend on the microsite conditions experienced by seeds while buried. We tested the laboratory germination response of seeds of species under diurnally fluctuating light and complete darkness which were retrieved from microsites spanning local-scale environmental gradients known to influence community structure in this system. We found that seeds of six out of the twelve focal species exhibited significant positive germination responses to light but that the magnitude of these responses varied greatly. In addition, maximum germinability increased significantly across a gradient of canopy cover for two species, but we found little evidence to suggest that species’ relative light requirement for germination varied depending on microsite conditions. Our results suggest that variability in light availability may promote coexistence in this system and that the microsite conditions seeds experience in the intra-growing season period can further nuance species germination behaviour.
Factors Influencing Surgical Outcomes in Orbital Trapdoor Fracture
Authors: Chen Yi-Hua , Tsai Yueh-Ju , Tseng I-Shiang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study is aimed to determine the appropriate timing of performing surgical reduction on trapdoor fractures for bringing out better visual outcomes and the factors influencing surgical outcomes in this special subgroup of fracture victims. Data for 72 patients of orbital trapdoor fracture were analyzed retrospectively. Post- operative diplopia is the main posttreatment outcome of orbital bone fracture reduction. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated the cut-off point of surgical reduction timing at day 10 post-fracture. The rate of postoperative diplopia showed a significant difference between patients who underwent surgical reduction within 10 days and those who did after 10 days of injury (5.3% vs. 38.2%). Multivariate analysis revealed that preoperative infra-duction limitation (p=0.02), muscle incarceration (p=0.01), duration from injury to surgical reduction (p=0.004), and postoperative supra-duction limitation (p=0.004) were independent factors for poor surgical outcomes. In younger patients with head injury, the diagnosis of orbital trapdoor fracture should be kept in mind. Timely recognition and surgical reduction, especially within 10 days, can result in better visual outcomes without the occurrence of postoperative diplopia.
Drivers of Distribution and its Changes in two Closely Related Species with Contrasting Elevational Distributions Over two Decades
Authors: Šimáková Terezie , Münzbergová Zuzana 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Climate change has an enormous impact on species and communities, especially those in the alpine and arctic environments. Even though the reactions of species to climate change have been widely studied, their responses are not straightforward, and it is necessary to focus on them in more detail. In this study, we assessed the distribution of two closely related grass species Anthoxanthum odoratum , an allotetraploid species of lower altitudes and A. alpinum , a diploid occurring in higher altitudes, in the Krkonoše Mts., the Czech Republic. We explored the drivers of their current distribution and its changes over the past two decades during the ongoing climate change. The results indicate that distribution of these two species has not considerably changed, as there is only a weak evidence of a wider distribution of A. odoratum compared to the past. Surprisingly, A. alpinum has newly appeared at some localities at lower altitudes. Changes in the distribution of the two species over time were significantly related to a range of local habitat characteristics such as vegetation or bryophyte cover, nutrient level, moisture, or species composition, but were largely independent of altitude, a variable expected to be a proxy of climatic conditions of the localities. This indicates that the environmental characteristics of the localities, play more important role in species distribution and its changes than global climate change.
Does China's Carbon Trading Policy Improve Regional Energy Efficiency? —An Analysis Based on Quasi Experimental and Policy Spillover Effects
Authors: Zhang Xue-mei , Lu Fei-fei , Xue Dan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Carbon trading policy is important for addressing climate change and reducing carbon emissions. Reducing carbon emissions could further affect energy efficiency (EE). Based on the data of 30 provinces in China from 2006 to 2017, we first calculated the EE by the super-slack-based model (Super-SBM). We then analyzed the theoretical mechanism of the impact of carbon trading policies on EE. We also established a difference-in-difference model and mediation effect model for empirical analysis. Finally, we used the spatial difference-in-difference (SDID) model to test the policy spillover effect of carbon trading policies. The results showed that the high energy efficiency areas gradually shifted to the central and eastern regions with the change of time in space. At the same time, the energy efficiency value in the pilot area of carbon trading policy is obviously higher than that in the non-pilot area. Carbon trading policy had a significant positive effect on improving EE. Among them, green technology innovation and energy structure both had positive mediation effects on carbon trading policies affecting EE. Additionally, the industrial structuring adjustment had no significant mediation effect in its influencing mechanism. Finally, the spatial spillover effect test results show that the carbon trading policy has a positive effect on the energy efficiency of the pilot areas, but has a negative spillover effect on the energy efficiency of the non-pilot areas. That is, the policy may improve the energy efficiency of the pilot areas and reduce the energy efficiency of the non-pilot areas at the same time.
High-resolution stalagmite stratigraphy supports the Late Holocene tephrochronology of southernmost Patagonia
Authors: Klaes Björn , Wörner Gerhard , Kremer Katrina , Simon Klaus , Scholz Denis , Mueller Carsten , Hoschen Carmen , Struck Julian , Arz Helge , Thiele-Bruhn Sören , Schimpf Daniel , Kilian Rolf 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Volcanic ash layers are important markers for the chronostratigraphy of paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental archives at the southern tip of South America. However, this requires that tephras are well-dated. We report geochemical data from the MA1 stalagmite formed in a non-karst cave near Mt. Burney volcano in southernmost Patagonia (~53°S). High-resolution LA-ICP-MS analyses, SEM imagery, and NanoSIMS enable to identify volcanogenic signals during the last 4.5 kyrs BP from sub-annual trace element variations and tephra particles in distinct laminae. The new 230Th/U-chronology of MA1 provides precise dating of tephra from Mt. Burney (MB) and Aguilera (A) at 4216 +93/−193 yrs BP (MB2), 2291 ± 33 yrs BP (MB3), 853 +41/−60 yrs BP (MB4) and 2978 +91/−104 yrs BP (A1). This unique high-resolution record of MA1 holds potential to date further eruptions from Southern Andean volcanoes for the tephrochronology in this critical region, and potentially also large-volume explosive volcanism off South America.
Stiffness Regulates Intestinal Stem Cell Fate
Authors: He Shijie , Lei Peng , Kang Wenying , Cheung Priscilla , Xu Tao , Mana Miyeko , Park Chan Young , Wang Hongyan , Imada Shinya , Russell Jacquelyn , Wang Jianxun , Wang Ruizhi , Zhou Ziheng , Chetal Kashish , Stas Eric , Mohad Vidisha , Halasi Marianna , Bruun-Rasmussen Peter , Sadreyev Ruslan , Adini Irit , Hodin Richard , Zhang Yanhang (Katherine) , Breault David , Camargo Fernando , Yilmaz Ömer , Fredberg Jeffrey , Saeidi Nima 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Little is known about how the fibrotic gut stiffening caused by inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) directs the fate of intestinal stem cells (ISCs). To address this question we first developed a novel long-term culture of quasi-3D gut organoids plated on hydrogel matrix of varying stiffness. Stiffening from 0.6kPa to 9.6kPa significantly reduces Lgr5high ISCs and Ki67+ progenitor cells while promoting their differentiation towards goblet cells. These stiffness-driven events are attributable to YAP nuclear translocation. Matrix stiffening also extends the expression of the stemness marker Olfactomedin 4 (Olfm4) into villus-like regions, mediated by cytoplasmic YAP. We next used single-cell RNA sequencing to generate for the first time the stiffness-regulated transcriptional signatures of ISCs and their differentiated counterparts. These signatures confirm the impact of stiffening on ISC fate and additionally suggest a stiffening-induced switch in metabolic phenotype, from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. Finally, we used colon samples from IBD patients as well as chronic colitis murine models to confirm the in vivo stiffening-induced epithelial deterioration similar to that observed in vitro. Together, these results demonstrate stiffness-dependent ISC reprograming wherein YAP nuclear translocation diminishes ISCs and Ki67+ progenitors and drives their differentiation towards goblet cells, suggesting stiffening as potential target to mitigate gut epithelial deterioration during IBD.
Prevalence of tumor genomic alternations in homologous recombination genes among Taiwanese breast cancers
Authors: Huang Chi-Cheng , Liu Chun-Yu , Tsai Yi-Fang , Lien Pei-Ju , Lin Yen-Shu , Chao Ta-Chung , Feng Chin-Jung , Chen Yen-Jen , Lai Jiun-I , Phan Nam Nhut , Hsu Chih-Yi , Chiu Jen-Hwey , Tseng Ling-Ming 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Deleterious BRCA1 / 2 mutations are among the most highly pathogenic variants in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome. PARP (poly ADP ribose polymerase) inhibitors selectively cause failure of single-strand but does not affect double-strand DNA break repair, and ant-tumor activity is observed in BRCA mutant breast cancers. Recently genes implicated into the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathways are investigated extensively, as defective HRR genes may indicate potential clinical benefits from PARP inhibitors beyond BRCA1 / 2 mutations.

Materials and Methods
We evaluated the prevalence of BRCA1 / 2 mutations as well as alternations in HRR genes for Taiwanese breast cancers with targeted sequencing. Consecutive 648 breast cancer samples were assayed, and HRR genes by Heeke et al. and those interrogated in Talazoparib Beyond BRCA (TBB) trial were evaluated for prevalence from breast cancer tissues.

Results
Among 648 breast cancer samples, there were 18 truncating and 2 missense mutations in BRCA1 and 48 truncating and 2 missense mutations in BRCA2 , impacting 3% and 5% of study population (collectively altered in 6%) with co-occurrence of BRCA1 / 2 in 7 breast cancers. On the other hand, HRR genes defined by Heeke et al. were altered in 122 (19%) breast cancers while TBB interrogated genes (excluding BRCA1 / 2 ) were mutated in 107 (17%) patients. Beyond BRCA1/2 , the most prevalent HRR mutant genes came from ARID1A (7%), PALB2 (7%) and PTEN (6%). Collectively, 164 (25%) of the 648 Taiwanese breast cancer samples were impacted by at least one HRR gene.

Conclusion
The prevalence of high-penetrant BRCA1 / 2 mutations was far below one tenth of assayed samples while the prevalence of tumor DNA mutations in HRR pathways was much higher and approached one fifth among Taiwanese breast cancers. Further studies to evaluate the efficacy of PARP inhibitors in patients with defective HRR gene(s) are warranted to broaden the targeted population of synthetic lethality.
Nanopore design for exceptional rectification of DNA translocation
Authors: Pham Ngan , Yao Yao , Wen Chenyu , Li Shiyu , Zeng Shuangshuang , Nyberg Tomas , Tran Tuan , Primetzhofer Daniel , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Shi-Li 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Solid-state nanopores (SSNPs) of on-demand shape and size can facilitate desired sensor performance. However, reproducible production of arrayed nanopores of predefined geometry is yet to demonstrate despite of numerous methods explored. Here, bowl-shape SSNPs combining unique properties of ultrathin membrane and tapering geometry are demonstrated. The bowl-SSNP upper opening is 100-120 nm in diameter, with the bottom opening reaching sub-5 nm. Numerical simulation reveals the formation of multiple electroosmotic vortexes (EOVs) originating from distributed surface charge around the pore-bowl. The EOVs determine, collaboratively with electrophoretic force, how nanoscale objects translocate the bowl-SSNPs. Exceptional rectification with higher frequencies, longer duration and larger amplitude is found when DNA strands translocate downwards from the upper large opening than upwards from the bottom smallest restriction. The rectification is a manifestation of the interplay between electrophoresis and electroosmosis. The resourceful silicon nanofabrication technology is ingeniously shown to enable innovative nanopore designs targeting unprecedented sensor applications.
Effect of HO-1 modified BMMSCs on immune function of liver transplantation
Authors: Li Peng , Zhang Yuyi , Li Qiongxia , Zhang Yubo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We examined whether HO-1could enhance the immunosuppressive effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell（BMMSCs）on the rejection of transplanted liver allograft in rats. The rejection model of orthotopic liver transplantation in rats was established then BMMSCs orHO-1/BMMSCs were transfused via the portal vein.The histopathological changes of the transplanted liver and the change of regulatory T cell（Tregs natural killer cell（NK）and cytokines after transplantation were observed in different groups. The severe acute rejection model rats after liver transplantation on post operation day 10 showed in NS group. BMMSCs group showed strong protective effects on rejection within the first 10 days after transplantation. While HO-1/BMMSCs showed stronger effects than BMMSCs which provided enhanced protective effects on the transplanted liver. In addition，the activity of natural killer（NK）cell decreased significantly the levels of regulatory T cells（Tregs，interleukin-10（IL-10）and transforming growth factor-β（TGF-β）increased significantly and the levels of interleukin-2（IL-2，interleukin-6（IL-6，interleukin-17（IL-17，interleukin-23（IL-23，tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）and interferon-γ（IFN-γ）decreased significantly in the HO-1/BMMSCs group when compared with the BMMSCs group. Conclusions:HO-1/BMMSCs showed better immunosuppressive effects after transplantation. HO-1 could enhance the effects of BMMSCs inhibiting the immune response of acute rejection in orthotopic liver transplantation model of rats.
Structural variants shape driver combinations and outcomes in pediatric high-grade glioma
Authors: Dubois Frank , Dubois Frank , Shapira Ofer , Greenwald Noah , Zack Travis , Wala Jeremiah , Tsai Jessica , Hadjadj Djihad , Crane Alexander , Harutyunyan Ashot , Kumar Kiran , Blattner-Johnson Mirjam , Vogelzang Jayne , Sousa Cecila , Kang Kyung Shin , Sinai Claire , Wang Dayle , Khadka Prasidda , Lewis Kathleen , Nguyen Lan , Malkin Hayley , Ho Patricia , O’Rourke Ryan , Gold Rose , Deng Davy , Serrano Jonathan , Snuderl Matija , Wright Karen , Chi Susan , Grill Jacques , Kleiman Claudia , Goumnerova Liliana , Jabado Nada , Jones David , Kieran Mark , Ligon Keith , Beroukhim Rameen , Bandopadhayay Pratiti 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs), encompassing hemispheric and diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs), remain a devastating disease. The last decade has revealed oncogenic drivers including single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in histones. However, the contribution of structural variants (SVs) to gliomagenesis has not been systematically explored due to limitations in early SV analysis approaches. Using SV algorithms, we recently created, we analyzed SVs in whole-genome sequences of 179 pHGGs including a novel cohort of treatment naïve samples–the largest WGS cohort assembled in adult or pediatric glioma. The most recurrent SVs targeted MYC isoforms and receptor tyrosine kinases, including a novel SV amplifying a MYC enhancer in the lncRNA CCDC26 in 12% of DMGs and revealing a more central role for MYC in these cancers than previously known. Applying de novo SV signature discovery, we identified five signatures including three (SVsig1-3) involving primarily simple SVs, and two (SVsig4-5) involving complex, clustered SVs. These SV signatures associated with genetic variants that differed from what was observed for SV signatures in other cancers, suggesting different links to underlying biology. Tumors with simple SV signatures were TP53 wild-type but were enriched with alterations in TP53 pathway members PPM1D and MDM4. Complex signatures were associated with direct aberrations in TP53, CDKN2A, and RB1 early in tumor evolution, and with extrachromosomal amplicons that likely occurred later. All pHGGs exhibited at least one simple SV signature but complex SV signatures were primarily restricted to subsets of H3.3K27M DMGs and hemispheric pHGGs. Importantly, DMGs with the complex SV signatures SVsig4-5 were associated with shorter overall survival independent of histone type and TP53 status. These data inform the role and impact of SVs in gliomagenesis and mechanisms that shape them.
Does increasing the spatial resolution in dynamical downscaling impact climate change projection of Indian summer monsoon, population and GDP?
Authors: B Jayasankar C , K Rajendran , Surendran Sajani 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
High-resolution regional climate model (RCM) simulations are found to be very useful in deriving realistic climate change projection information. This study uses high-resolution dynamical downscaling framework (CCSM4-WRF) for India. To delineate the advantage of high resolution, we compared the results of 9-km resolution CCSM4-WRF simulations against the 50-km resolution RCM simulations under Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment-South Asia (CORDEX-SA) programme. Quantitative estimations show that majority of CORDEX-SA models exhibit large dry bias (<-4mm/day) and low pattern correlation coefficient (PCC) over the Western Ghats (WG). Mean climatology of Indian summer monsoon (ISM) rainfall simulated by high-resolution CCSM4-WRF outperforms the CORDEX-SA RCMs with low negative biases (~ 1mm/day) and high PCC (≥ 0.755). This skill of CCSM4-WRF provides better confidence in its future projection at local scale. CCSM4-WRF projects future intensification of monsoon rainfall over most parts of India and reduction over southern WG, which is consistent with recent observed trends, but none of the CORDEX-SA RCMs could simulate this rainfall reduction. For all-India rainfall, ensemble mean of CORDEX-SA models projects an increase by 1.3 ± 0.9mm/day and CCSM4-WRF projects 0.67mm/day. Projected changes in socioeconomic variables such as population and gross domestic product (GDP) exhibit future enhancement over most parts of India but with spatial heterogeneity. Shared Socioeconomic Pathways scenarios show pronounced future population growth over Indian coastal areas, and large enhancement in productivity over urban areas. Therefore, climate change projection information of ISM rainfall, together with enhanced future population and GDP, is useful for taking necessary steps for adaptation and mitigation in a sustainable manner.
Scalable two-step annealing method for preparing ultra-high-density single-atom catalyst libraries
Authors: Lu Jiong , Hai Xiao , Xi Shibo , Mitchell Sharon , Harrath Karim , Xu Haomin , Akl Dario , Kong Debin , Li Jing , Li Zejun , Sun Tao , Yang Huimin , Cui Yige , Su Chenliang , Zhao Xiaoxu , Li Jun , Pérez-Ramírez Javier 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The stabilization of transition metals as isolated centres on suitably tailored carriers with high density is crucial to exploit the technical potential of single-atom heterogeneous catalysts, enabling their maximized productivity in industrial reactors. Wet-chemical methods are best suited for practical applications due to their amenability to scale up. However, achieving single-atom dispersions at metal contents above 2 wt.% remains challenging. We introduce a versatile approach combining impregnation and two-step annealing to synthesize ultra-high-density single-atom catalysts (UHD-SACs) with unprecedented metal contents up to 23 wt.% for 15 metals on chemically-distinct carriers. Translation to an automated protocol demonstrates its robustness and provides a path to explore virtually unlimited libraries of mono or multimetallic catalysts. At the molecular level, characterization of the synthesis mechanism through experiments and simulations shows that controlling the bonding of metal precursors with the carrier via stepwise ligand removal prevents their thermally-induced aggregation into nanoparticles, ensuring atomic dispersion in the resulting UHD‑SACs. The catalytic benefits of UHD-SACs are demonstrated for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO over NiN4 motifs on carbon.