bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resonant and non-resonant relaxation of globular clusters
Authors: Fouvry Jean-Baptiste , Hamilton Chris , Rozier Simon , Pichon Christophe 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Globular clusters contain a finite number of stars. As a result, they inevitably undergo secular evolution (‘relaxation’) causing their mean distribution function (DF) to evolve on long time-scales. On one hand, this long-term evolution may be interpreted as driven by the accumulation of local deflections along each star’s mean field trajectory – so-called ‘non-resonant relaxation’ (NR). On the other hand, it can be thought of as driven by non-local, collectively dressed, and resonant couplings between stellar orbits, a process termed ‘resonant relaxation’ (RR). In this paper, we consider a model globular cluster represented by a spherical, isotropic isochrone DF, and compare in detail the predictions of both RR and NR theories against tailored direct N-body simulations. In the space of orbital actions (namely the radial action and total angular momentum), we find that both RR and NR theories predict the correct morphology for the secular evolution of the cluster’s DF, although the NR theory overestimates the amplitude of the relaxation rate by a factor of ∼2. We conclude that the secular relaxation of hot isotropic spherical clusters is not dominated by collectively amplified large-scale potential fluctuations, despite the existence of a strong ℓ = 1 damped mode. Instead, collective amplification affects relaxation only marginally even on the largest scales. The predicted contributions to relaxation from smaller scale fluctuations are essentially the same from RR and NR theories.
Chemical abundances in Seyfert galaxies – VII. Direct abundance determination of neon based on optical and infrared emission lines
Authors: Armah Mark , Dors O L , Aydar C P , Cardaci M V , Hägele G F , Feltre Anna , Riffel R , Riffel R A , Krabbe A C 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
For the first time, neon abundance has been derived in the narrow line region from a sample of Seyfert 2 nuclei. In view of this, we compiled from the literature fluxes of optical and infrared (IR) narrow emission lines for 35 Seyfert 2 nuclei in the local universe ($z \:\lesssim \:0.06$). The relative intensities of emission lines were used to derive the ionic and total neon and oxygen abundances through electron temperature estimations (Te-method). For the neon, abundance estimates were obtained by using both Te-method and IR-method. Based on photoionization model results, we found a lower electron temperature [$t_{\rm e}({\rm Ne\, \small {III}})$] for the gas phase where the Ne2 + is located in comparison with t3 for the O2 + ion. We find that the differences (D) between Ne2 +/H+ ionic abundances calculated from IR-method and Te-method (assuming t3 in the Ne2 +/H+ derivation) are similar to the derivations in star-forming regions (SFs) and they are reduced by a mean factor of ∼3 when $t_{\rm e}({\rm Ne\, \small {III}})$ is considered. We propose a semi-empirical Ionization Correction Factor (ICF) for the neon, based on [Ne ii]12.81$\rm{\mu m}$, [Ne iii]15.56$\rm{\mu m}$, and oxygen ionic abundance ratios. We find that the average Ne/H abundance for the Seyfert 2s sample is nearly 2 times higher than similar estimate for SFs. Finally, for the very high metallicity regime (i.e. [$\rm 12+log(O/H)\: \gtrsim \: 8.80$]) an increase in Ne/O with O/H is found, which likely indicates secondary stellar production for the neon.
Selecting accreted populations: metallicity, elemental abundances, and ages of the Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus and Sequoia populations
Authors: Feuillet Diane K , Sahlholdt Christian L , Feltzing Sofia , Casagrande Luca 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Identifying stars found in the Milky Way as having formed in situ or accreted can be a complex and uncertain undertaking. We use Gaia kinematics and APOGEE elemental abundances to select stars belonging to the Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus (GSE) and Sequoia accretion events. These samples are used to characterize the GSE and Sequoia population metallicity distribution functions, elemental abundance patterns, age distributions, and progenitor masses. We find that the GSE population has a mean [Fe/H] ∼ −1.15 and a mean age of 10–12 Gyr. GSE has a single sequence in [Mg/Fe] versus [Fe/H] consistent with the onset of SN Ia Fe contributions and uniformly low [Al/Fe] of ∼−0.25 dex. The derived properties of the Sequoia population are strongly dependent on the kinematic selection. We argue the selection with the least contamination is Jϕ/Jtot &lt; −0.6 and (Jz − JR)/Jtot &lt; 0.1. This results in a mean [Fe/H] ∼ −1.3 and a mean age of 12–14 Gyr. The Sequoia population has a complex elemental abundance distribution with mainly high-[Mg/Fe] stars. We use the GSE [Al/Fe] versus [Mg/H] abundance distribution to inform a chemically based selection of accreted stars, which is used to remove possible contaminant stars from the GSE and Sequoia samples.
The CRL4DTL E3 ligase induces degradation of the DNA replication initiation factor TICRR/TRESLIN specifically during S phase
Authors: Wittig Kimberlie A , Sansam Courtney G , Noble Tyler D , Goins Duane , Sansam Christopher L 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA DNA replication program, which ensures that the genome is accurately and wholly replicated, is established during G1, before the onset of S phase. In G1, replication origins are licensed, and upon S phase entry, a subset of these will form active replisomes. Tight regulation of the number of active replisomes is crucial to prevent replication stress-induced DNA damage. TICRR/TRESLIN is essential for DNA replication initiation, and the level of TICRR and its phosphorylation determine the number of origins that initiate during S phase. However, the mechanisms regulating TICRR protein levels are unknown. Therefore, we set out to define the TICRR/TRESLIN protein dynamics throughout the cell cycle. Here, we show that TICRR levels are high during G1 and dramatically decrease as cells enter S phase and begin DNA replication. We show that degradation of TICRR occurs specifically during S phase and depends on ubiquitin ligases and proteasomal degradation. Using two targeted siRNA screens, we identify CRL4DTL as a cullin complex necessary for TICRR degradation. We propose that this mechanism moderates the level of TICRR protein available for replication initiation, ensuring the proper number of active origins as cells progress through S phase.
OncoSplicing: an updated database for clinically relevant alternative splicing in 33 human cancers
Authors: Zhang Yangjun , Yao Xiangyang , Zhou Hui , Wu Xiaoliang , Tian Jianbo , Zeng Jin , Yan Libin , Duan Chen , Liu Haoran , Li Heng , Chen Ke , Hu Zhiquan , Ye Zhangqun , Xu Hua 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) represents a crucial method in mRNA level to regulate gene expression and contributes to the protein complexity. Abnormal splicing has been reported to play roles in several diseases, including cancers. We developed the OncoSplicing database for visualization of survival-associated and differential alternative splicing in 2019. Here, we provide an updated version of OncoSplicing for an integrative view of clinically relevant alternative splicing based on 122 423 AS events across 33 cancers in the TCGA SpliceSeq project and 238 558 AS events across 32 cancers in the TCGA SplAdder project. The new version of the database contains several useful features, such as annotation of alternative splicing-associated transcripts, survival analysis based on median and optimal cut-offs, differential analysis between TCGA tumour samples and adjacent normal samples or GTEx normal samples, pan-cancer views of alternative splicing, splicing differences and results of Cox’PH regression, identification of clinical indicator-relevant and cancer-specific splicing events, and downloadable splicing data in the SplAdder project. Overall, the substantially updated version of OncoSplicing (www.oncosplicing.com) is a user-friendly and registration-free database for browsing and searching clinically relevant alternative splicing in human cancers.
Visual Attention to the Source Matters: Using Eye Tracking to Understand the FDA’s ‘Every Try Counts’ Campaign Message Effectiveness
Authors: Kim Sojung Claire , Zhao Xiaoquan , Brophy Nate S , Walker Matthew W , Alexander Tesfa N 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Visual attention is a crucial mechanism in health messaging and campaign persuasiveness. Little is known about how visual attention may translate into cessation-related outcomes in tobacco public education campaigns.

Methods
Using the eye-tracking technology, this study investigated the relationships among visual attention, cognitive and affective message responses, and cessation-related outcomes (readiness to quit, intentions to quit, and intentions to seek cessation information). Four different posters from the Every Try Counts (ETC) campaign were used as message stimuli. A total of 80 adult current smokers participated. The associations between their behavioral eye gaze patterns and self-reported message responses and cessation-related outcomes were examined.

Results
Half of the sample (49.4%) were male, and 46.8% were White—with ages ranging from 18 to 36 years old (M = 21.22, SD = 2.86). Roughly 41% were daily smokers, and 78% had attempted quitting in the previous year. When exposed to campaign ads, only fixation on the FDA logo showed consistent positive relationships with cognitive and affective message responses. Mediation analyses revealed significant indirect effects of fixation on the FDA logo on quitting and information-seeking intentions mainly through positive affective message responses.

Conclusions
Visual attention to the FDA logo played an important role in the effects of ETC campaign messages.

Implications
This study contributes new evidence on the relationship of visual attention, message responses, and ETC campaign outcomes. The current findings suggest that highlighting FDA as a campaign sponsor in the visual display may enhance the effectiveness of FDA tobacco education messages.
Crustal Derivation of theca. 475 Ma Eppawala Carbonatites in Sri Lanka
Authors: Wang Jing , Su Ben-Xun , Chen Chen , Ferrero Silvio , Malaviarachchi Sanjeewa P K , Sakyi Patrick Asamoah , Yang Yue-Heng , Dharmapriya P L 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlthough a mantle origin of carbonatites has long been advocated, a few carbonatite bodies with crustal fingerprints have been identified. The Eppawala carbonatites in Sri Lanka are more similar to orogenic carbonatites than those formed in stable cratons and within plate rifts. They occur within the Pan-African orogenic belt and have a formation age of ca. 475 Ma newly obtained in this study with no contemporary mantle-related magmatism. These carbonatites have higher (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios (0·70479–0·70524) and more enriched Nd and Hf isotopic compositions than carbonatites reported in other parts of the world. Model ages (1·3–2·0 Ga) of both Nd and Hf isotopes [apatite ɛNd(t) = −9·2 to −4·7; rutile εHf(t) = −22·0 to −8·02] are in the age range of metamorphic basement in Sri Lanka, and the carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions (δ13CPDB = −2·36 to −1·71; δ18OSMOW = 13·91–15·13) lie between those of mantle-derived carbonatites and marble. These crustal signatures are compatible with the chemistry of accessory minerals in the carbonatites, such as Ni-free olivine and Al- and Cr-poor rutile. Modeling results demonstrate that the Eppawala carbonatite magmas originated from a mixture of basement gneisses and marbles, probably during regional metamorphism. This interpretation is supported by the occurrence of the carbonatites along, or near, the axes of synforms and antiforms where granitic gneiss and marble are exposed. Therefore, we propose that the Eppawala carbonatites constitute another rare example of a carbonatitic magma that was derived from melting of a sedimentary carbonate protolith. Our findings suggest that other orogenic carbonatites with similar features should be re-examined to re-evaluate their origin.
N-hydroxypipecolic acid-induced transcription requires the salicylic acid signaling pathway at basal SA levels
Authors: Nair Aswin , Goyal Isha , Voß Edgar , Mrozek Pascal , Prajapati Sabin , Thurow Corinna , Tietze Lutz , Tittmann Kai , Gatz Christiane 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a plant immune response established in uninfected leaves after colonization of local leaves with biotrophic or hemibiotrophic pathogens. The amino acid-derived metabolite N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP) travels from infected to systemic leaves, where it activates salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis through the isochorismate pathway. The resulting increased SA levels are essential for induction of a large set of SAR marker genes and full SAR establishment. In this study, we show that pharmacological treatment of Arabidopsis thaliana with NHP induces a subset of SAR-related genes even in the SA induction-deficient2 (sid2/isochorismate synthase1) mutant, which is devoid of NHP-induced SA. NHP-mediated induction is abolished in sid2-1 NahG plants, in which basal SA levels are degraded. The SA receptor NON-EXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES1 (NPR1) and its interacting TGACG SEQUENCE-SPECIFIC BINDING PROTEIN (TGA) transcription factors are required for the NHP-mediated induction of SAR genes at resting SA levels. Isothermal titration analysis determined a KD of 7.9 ± 0.5 µM for the SA/NPR1 complex, suggesting that basal levels of SA would not bind to NPR1 unless yet unknown potentially NHP-induced processes increase the affinity. Moreover, the nucleocytoplasmic protein PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT4 is required for a slight NHP-mediated increase in NPR1 protein levels and NHP-induced expression of SAR-related genes. Our experiments have unraveled that NHP requires basal SA and components of the SA signaling pathway to induce SAR genes. Still, the mechanism of NHP perception remains enigmatic.
Two stripe rust effectors impair wheat resistance by suppressing import of host Fe–S protein into chloroplasts
Authors: Wang Xiaodong , Zhai Tong , Zhang Xingmin , Tang Chunlei , Zhuang Rui , Zhao Haibin , Xu Qiang , Cheng Yulin , Wang Jianfeng , Duplessis Sébastien , Kang Zhensheng , Wang Xiaojie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Several effectors from phytopathogens usually target various cell organelles to interfere with plant defenses, and they generally contain sequences that direct their translocation into organelles, such as chloroplasts. In this study, we characterized a different mechanism for effectors to attack chloroplasts in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Two effectors from Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), Pst_4, and Pst_5, inhibit Bax-mediated cell death and plant immune responses, such as callose deposition and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Gene silencing of the two effectors induced significant resistance to Pst, demonstrating that both effectors function as virulence factors of Pst. Although these two effectors have low sequence similarities and lack chloroplast transit peptides, they both interact with TaISP (wheat cytochrome b6–f complex iron–sulfur subunit, a chloroplast protein encoded by nuclear gene) in the cytoplasm. Silencing of TaISP impaired wheat resistance to avirulent Pst and resulted in less accumulation of ROS. Heterogeneous expression of TaISP enhanced chloroplast-derived ROS accumulation in Nicotiana benthamiana. Co-localization in N. benthamiana and western blot assay of TaISP content in wheat chloroplasts show that both effectors suppressed TaISP from entering chloroplasts. We conclude that these biotrophic fungal effectors suppress plant defenses by disrupting the sorting of chloroplast protein, thereby limiting host ROS accumulation and promoting fungal pathogenicity.
The transcription factor ORA59 exhibits dual DNA binding specificity that differentially regulates ethylene- and jasmonic acid-induced genes in plant immunity
Authors: Yang Young Nam , Kim Youngsung , Kim Hyeri , Kim Su Jin , Cho Kwang-Moon , Kim Yerin , Lee Dong Sook , Lee Myoung-Hoon , Kim Soo Young , Hong Jong Chan , Kwon Sun Jae , Choi Jungmin , Park Ohkmae K 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET) signaling modulate plant defense against necrotrophic pathogens in a synergistic and interdependent manner, while JA and ET also have independent roles in certain processes, e.g. in responses to wounding and flooding, respectively. These hormone pathways lead to transcriptional reprogramming, which is a major part of plant immunity and requires the roles of transcription factors. ET response factors are responsible for the transcriptional regulation of JA/ET-responsive defense genes, of which ORA59 functions as a key regulator of this process and has been implicated in the JA-ET crosstalk. We previously demonstrated that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) GDSL LIPASE 1 (GLIP1) depends on ET for gene expression and pathogen resistance. Here, promoter analysis of GLIP1 revealed ERELEE4 as the critical cis-element for ET-responsive GLIP1 expression. In a yeast one-hybrid screening, ORA59 was isolated as a specific transcription factor that binds to the ERELEE4 element, in addition to the well-characterized GCC box. We found that ORA59 regulates JA/ET-responsive genes through direct binding to these elements in gene promoters. Notably, ORA59 exhibited a differential preference for GCC box and ERELEE4, depending on whether ORA59 activation is achieved by JA and ET, respectively. JA and ET induced ORA59 phosphorylation, which was required for both activity and specificity of ORA59. Furthermore, RNA-seq and virus-induced gene silencing analyses led to the identification of ORA59 target genes of distinct functional categories in JA and ET pathways. Our results provide insights into how ORA59 can generate specific patterns of gene expression dynamics through JA and ET hormone pathways.
Transverse susceptibility and resonance absorption of an anti-ferromagnetic spin wave interacting with a phonon reservoir
Authors: Saeki Mizuhiko 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A form of the transverse magnetic susceptibility for an anti-ferromagnetic spin system interacting with a phonon reservoir is derived employing the TCLE method (a method in which the admittance of a physical system is directly derived from time-convolutionless equations with external driving terms) in terms of the non-equilibrium thermo-field dynamics (NETFD) in the spin-wave approximation. The region valid for the lowest spin-wave approximation is numerically investigated in detail, and the transverse susceptibility for the anti-ferromagnetic system of one-dimensional infinite spins of magnitude $S = 2$ is numerically studied in that region. It is confirmed that the effects of the memory and initial correlation for the spin system and phonon reservoir, which are represented by the interference terms in the TCLE method, increase the power absorption in the resonance region. In the region valid for the lowest spin-wave approximation, it is shown that the line half-width $\Delta \omega_{\mathrm{RF}}$ of the power absorption in the resonance region for a transversely rotating magnetic field increases as the temperature $T$ rises, and decreases as the uniaxial anisotropy energy $\hbar K$ of the $z$ direction increases or as the wave number $k$ becomes large, and also that the line peak-height $H_{\mathrm{RF}}$ of the power absorption in the resonance region for the transverse magnetic field decreases as $T$ rises and increases as $\hbar K$ increases or as $k$ becomes large. According to analytic considerations, it is anticipated that $\Delta \omega_{\mathrm{RF}}$ and $H_{\mathrm{RF}}$ vary approximately as $\Delta \omega_{\mathrm{RF}} \approx \{A_k + B_k \bar{n} (\omega_{{\mathrm{R}} k} )\} \{ \bar{n}(\omega_{{\mathrm{R}} k}) + \,1\}$ and $H_{\mathrm{RF}} \propto \{A_k + B_k \bar{n}(\omega_{{\mathrm{R}} k})\}^{- 1} \{ \bar{n}(\omega_{{\mathrm{R}} k}) + 1\}^{- 1}$, with $\bar{n}(\omega_{{\mathrm{R}} k}) = \{ \exp(\hbar \omega_{{\mathrm{R}} k}/ (k_{\mathrm{B}} T)) -1 \}^{- 1}$, where $\omega_{{\mathrm{R}} k}$ is the characteristic frequency of the phonon reservoir. Here, $A_k$ is a positive quantity dependent on the Zeeman frequency, the spin magnitude, and the anisotropy energy of the spin system, and $B_k$ is a positive quantity dependent on the anisotropy energy. At low temperatures ($k_{\mathrm{B}} T \ll \hbar \omega_{{\mathrm{R}} k}$), it is anticipated that $\Delta \omega_{\mathrm{RF}}$ and $H_{\mathrm{RF}}$ vary approximately as $\Delta \omega_{\mathrm{RF}} \approx A_k \exp\{((A_k + B_k)/ A_k) \exp(- \hbar \omega_{{\mathrm{R}} k}/ (k_{\mathrm{B}} T))\}$ and $H_{\mathrm{RF}} \propto A_k^{- 1} \exp\{- ((A_k + B_k)/ A_k) \exp(- \hbar \omega_{{\mathrm{R}} k}/ (k_{\mathrm{B}} T))\}$.
Response to secukinumab on synovitis using Power Doppler ultrasound in psoriatic arthritis: 12-week results from a phase III study, ULTIMATE
Authors: D’Agostino Maria Antonietta , Schett Georg , López-Rdz Alejandra , Šenolt Ladislav , Fazekas Katalin , Burgos-Vargas Ruben , Maldonado-Cocco Jose , Naredo Esperanza , Carron Philippe , Duggan Anne-Marie , Goyanka Punit , Boers Maarten , Gaillez Corine 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the dynamics of response of synovitis to IL-17A inhibition with secukinumab in patients with active PsA using Power Doppler ultrasound.

Methods
The randomized, placebo-controlled, Phase III ULTIMATE study enrolled PsA patients with active ultrasound synovitis and clinical synovitis and enthesitis having an inadequate response to conventional DMARDs and naïve to biologic DMARDs. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either weekly subcutaneous secukinumab (300 or 150 mg according to the severity of psoriasis) or placebo followed by 4-weekly dosing thereafter. The primary outcome was the mean change in the ultrasound Global EULAR and OMERACT Synovitis Score (GLOESS) from baseline to week 12. Key secondary endpoints included ACR 20 and 50 responses.

Results
Of the 166 patients enrolled, 97% completed 12 weeks of treatment (secukinumab, 99%; placebo, 95%). The primary end point was met, and the adjusted mean change in GLOESS was higher with secukinumab than placebo [−9 (0.9) vs −6 (0.9), difference (95% CI): −3 (−6, −1); one-sided P=0.004] at week 12. The difference in GLOESS between secukinumab and placebo was significant as early as one week after initiation of treatment. All key secondary endpoints were met. No new or unexpected safety findings were reported.

Conclusion
This unique ultrasound study shows that apart from improving the signs and symptoms of PsA, IL-17A inhibition with secukinumab leads to a rapid and significant reduction of synovitis in PsA patients.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT02662985.
Experience Effects in Finance: Foundations, Applications, and Future Directions
Authors: Malmendier Ulrike 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article establishes four key findings of the growing literature on experience effects in finance: (i) the long-lasting imprint of past experiences on beliefs and risk taking; (ii) recency effects; (iii) the domain-specificity of experience effects; and (iv) imperviousness to information that is not experience-based. I first discuss the neuroscientific foundations of experience-based learning and sketch a simple model of its role in the stock market based on Malmendier et al. (2020a, b). I then distill the empirical findings on experience effects in stock-market investment, trade dynamics, and international capital flows, highlighting these four key features. Finally, I contrast models of belief formation that rely on “learned information” with models accounting for the neuroscience evidence on synaptic tagging and memory formation, and provide directions for future research.