bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A hybrid optimization algorithm‐based feature selection for thyroid disease classifier with rough type‐2 fuzzy support vector machine
Authors: Sureshkumar Vidhushavarshini , Balasubramaniam Sathiyabhama , Ravi Vinayakumar , Arunachalam Ajay 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThyroid hormones are essential for all the metabolic and reproductive activities with significance to growth, and neuron development in the human body. The thyroid hormone dysfunction has many ill consequences, affecting the human population; thereby being a global epidemic. It is noticed that every one in 10 persons suffer from different thyroid disorders in India. In recent years, many researchers have implemented various disease predictive models based on Information and Communications Technology (ICT). Increasing the accuracy of disease classification is a critical and challenging task. To increase the accuracy of classification, in this paper, we propose a hybrid optimization algorithm‐based feature selection design for thyroid disease classifier with rough type‐2 fuzzy support vector machine. This work uses the hybrid optimization algorithm, which combines the firefly algorithm (FA) and butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA) to select the top‐n features. The proposed hybrid firefly butterfly optimization‐rough type‐2 fuzzy support vector machine (HFBO‐RT2FSVM) is evaluated with several key metrics such as specificity, accuracy, and sensitivity. We compare our approach with well‐known benchmark methods such as improved grey wolf optimization linear support vector machine (IGWO Linear SVM) and mixed‐kernel support vector machine (MKSVM) methods. From the experimental evaluations, we justify that our technique improves the accuracy by large thereby precise in identifying the thyroid disease. HFBO‐RT2FSVM model attained an accuracy of 99.28%, having specificity and sensitivity of 98 and 99.2%, respectively.
Strengthening lower‐income families: Lessons learned from policy responses to the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Kanter Jeremy B. , Williams Deadric T. , Rauer Amy J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFamilies are navigating an unstable economy due to COVID‐19. Financial stressors have the potential to strain intimate relationships and exacerbate prior inequities across lower‐income families. Notably, the economic impact of COVID‐19 disproportionately influenced Black and Latinx families. As a response to families' economic adversity during the pandemic, the federal government initiated the CARES Act. This type of federal response to lower‐income families, however, is not new. The purpose of this paper is to contextualize and historicize previous and current efforts to mitigate the consequences of financial hardship on families by comparing the assumptions and efficacy of the Healthy Marriages Initiative and the CARES act. We conclude with four recommendations to promote well‐being in lower‐income families: (1) acknowledging and reducing inequities that disproportionally impact families racialized as Black or Latinx; (2) intervening to mitigate stressors surrounding families; (3) using innovative methods to deliver relationship education; and (4) considering prevention versus intervention strategies.
Understanding relationships within cultural contexts: Developing an early childhood sibling relationship questionnaire in China
Authors: Wang Yan Z. , Li Yan , Liu Tian‐tian , Zhao Jin‐juan , Li You‐jia , Niu Xiao‐bing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveCombining the cultural‐comparative approach and the indigenous approach, the current studies aimed to develop a questionnaire for measuring sibling relationship qualities in early childhood for Chinese children.BackgroundIn China, the number of families with more than one child is growing, calling for more research on sibling interactions in the context of contemporary Chinese culture.MethodTo ensure cultural validity in this study, 40 Chinese mothers of young children were interviewed to generate specific behavioral manifestations of dimensions related to the conceptual structure of sibling relationships found in well‐established theoretical and empirical work in the literature (i.e., including the dimensions of warmth, conflict, and rivalry). These behaviors were then aggregated and developed into 22 Likert‐scale items for the Chinese questionnaire. The new questionnaire was administered to 324 parents for exploratory factor analyses, 540 parents for confirmatory factor analyses, and 50 parents to estimate test–retest reliability.ResultsComparing the 22 items with items developed in similar U.S.‐based questionnaires, we found that Chinese parents emphasized qian rang (courteous compromising among siblings) while paying little attention to respect of personal space and emotional sharing among siblings. Validity and reliability checks yielded supportive results for this new questionnaire.ConclusionsFindings regarding the different items reflected the emphasis on interdependence and restrained emotional display in Chinese culture. The new questionnaire can be used as a culturally sensitive measure of sibling relationships in China.
Climatic and landscape changes as drivers of environmental feedback that influence rainfall frequency in the United States
Authors: Moore Rachel A. , Martinetti Davide , Bigg E. Keith , Christner Brent C. , Morris Cindy E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrevious studies have identified regions where the occurrence of rainfall significantly increases or decreases the probability for subsequent rainfall over periods that range from a few days to several weeks. These observable phenomena are termed “rainfall feedback” (RF). To better understand the land–atmosphere interactions involved in RF, the behavior of RF patterns was analyzed using data from 1849 to 2016 at ~3000 sites in the contiguous United States. We also considered changes in major land‐use types and applied a geographically weighted regression model technique for analyzing the predictors of RF. This approach identified non‐linear and spatially non‐stationary relationships between RF, climate, land use, and land type. RF patterns in certain regions of the United States are predictable by modeling variables associated with climate, season, and land use. The model outputs also demonstrate the extent to which the effect of precipitation, temperature, and land use on RF depend on season and location. Specifically, major changes were observed for land use associated with agriculture in the western United States, which had negative and positive influences on RF in summer and winter, respectively. In contrast, developed land in the eastern United States correlated with positive RF values in summer but with negative ones in winter. We discuss how changes in climate and land use would be expected to affect land–atmosphere interactions, as well as the possible role that physical mechanisms and rain‐enhanced bioaerosol emissions may play in the spatiotemporal changes observed for historical patterns of rainfall frequency in the United States.
PARAMETRIC CONDITIONAL MEAN INFERENCE WITH FUNCTIONAL DATA APPLIED TO LIFETIME INCOME CURVES
Authors: Cho Jin Seo , Phillips Peter C. B. , Seo Juwon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe propose a framework for estimation of the conditional mean function in a parametric model with function space covariates. The approach employs a functional mean squared error objective criterion. Under regularity conditions, consistency and asymptotic normality are established. The analysis extends to situations where the asymptotic properties are influenced by estimation errors arising from the presence of nuisance parameters. Wald, Lagrange multiplier, and quasi‐likelihood ratio statistics are studied. An empirical application conducts lifetime income path comparisons across different demographic groups according to years of work experience.
HLA‐B*15:11 status and carbamazepine‐induced severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions in HLA‐B*15:02 negative Chinese
Authors: Wong Christina S. M. , Yap Desmond Y. H. , Ip Patrick , Wong Wilfred H. S. , Chua Gilbert T. , Yeung Chi‐Keung , Chan Henry H. L. , Kwok Janette S. Y. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundHLA‐B*15:11 is associated with carbamazepine (CBZ)‐induced severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs) in Japanese and some Asian populations, but such data remains relatively limited in Chinese. Routine HLA‐B*15:02 screening is mandatory before CBZ commencement, however, SCARs related to CBZ were still observed in non‐HLA*B‐15:02 carriers.ObjectiveWe aimed to find out the prevalence of HLA‐B*15:11 in Chinese patients and its associations with CBZ‐induced SCARs.MethodWe screened 8,328 blood samples collected for HLA allele typing before CBZ commencement during the period of January 2014 to December 2019. In HLA‐B*15:02 negative Chinese patients, HLA‐B*15:11 status were further screened, and the incidence of SCARs in the CBZ group was compared with the control group without CBZ use.ResultIn this cohort, 1416 out of 8328 patients (17%) tested HLA‐B*15:02 positive and were advised to avoid CBZ, while 80 (0.96%) were found to be HLA‐B*15:11 positive. In 6911 (83%) patients who tested HLA‐B*15:02 negative, 70 (1.01%) were HLA‐B*15:11 positive. Five out of 70 (7.14%) patients had SCARs. The incidence of SCARs in HLA‐B*15:11 carriers who received CBZ was significantly higher than those without CBZ (17.4% [4/23] vs. 2.13% [1/47], P = 0.037*). The odds ratio was 9.68 (95% CI 1.02–92.4, P = 0.048*). These included: one Stevens‐Johnson syndrome (SJS), two DRESS, and one MPE after CBZ use, while one developed MPE after phenytoin use in control.ConclusionHLA‐B*15:11 is a potential risk factor of CBZ‐induced SCARs in HLA‐B*15:02 negative Chinese patients. Further screening of HLA‐B*15:11 status in those HLA‐B*15:02 negative patients is recommended to avoid undesirable SCARs.
Fabrication and interaction mechanism of ovalbumin‐based nanocarriers for metallic ion encapsulation
Authors: Wan Mengxi , Huang Zhenzhen , Yang Xinxi , Chen Qiqi , Chen Leqi , Liang Siyue , Zeng Qingzhu , Zhang Ruifen , Dong Lihong , Su Dongxiao 
Published: September 2021

SummaryOvalbumin (OVA), due to its desirable physiochemistry properties and biocompatibility, has been widely adopted as bioactive compound carriers in the field of pharmacy and food. This study explored the interaction patterns between OVA and three flavonoids, namely naringin, hesperidin and anthocyanin, and the possibilities of OVA–flavonoid complexes as nanocarriers that entrap mineral substances. Results showed that ovalbumin interacts with three flavonoids through hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding. The addition of flavonoids altered the secondary structure of OVA, decreasing the β‐sheets by 9–16% and increasing the random coils by about 20–60% for the hydroxyl groups of flavonoids coalesced with the C = O groups of amides of proteins by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction occurred from conjugation effects between aromatic rings of flavonoids and amino residues of OVA. The OVA–hesperidin complex showed comprehensive advantages over encapsulating mineral substances such as Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn.
External beam radiotherapy and radical prostatectomy are associated with better survival in Asian prostate cancer patients
Authors: Würnschimmel Christoph , Wenzel Mike , Chierigo Francesco , Flammia Rocco Simone , Tian Zhe , Saad Fred , Briganti Alberto , Shariat Shahrokh F , Suardi Nazareno , Terrone Carlo , Gallucci Michele , Chun Felix KH , Tilki Derya , Graefen Markus , Karakiewicz Pierre I 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesTo test the effect of race/ethnicity on cancer‐specific mortality after radical prostatectomy or external beam radiotherapy in localized prostate cancer patients.MethodsIn the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database 2004–2016, we identified intermediate‐risk and high‐risk white (n = 151 632), Asian (n = 11 189), Hispanic/Latino (n = 20 077) and African American (n = 32 550) localized prostate cancer patients, treated with external beam radiotherapy or radical prostatectomy. Race/ethnicity‐stratified cancer‐specific mortality analyses relied on competing risks regression, after propensity score matching for patient and cancer characteristics.ResultsCompared with white patients, Asian intermediate‐ and high‐risk external beam radiotherapy patients showed lower cancer‐specific mortality (hazard ratio 0.58 and 0.70, respectively, both P ≤ 0.02). Additionally, Asian high‐risk radical prostatectomy patients also showed lower cancer‐specific mortality than white patients (hazard ratio 0.72, P = 0.04), but not Asian intermediate‐risk radical prostatectomy patients (P = 0.08). Conversely, compared with white patients, African American intermediate‐risk radical prostatectomy patients showed higher cancer‐specific mortality (hazard ratio 1.36, P = 0.01), but not African American high‐risk radical prostatectomy or intermediate‐ and high‐risk external beam radiotherapy patients (all P ≥ 0.2). Finally, compared with white people, no cancer‐specific mortality differences were recorded for Hispanic/Latino patients after external beam radiotherapy or radical prostatectomy, in both risk levels (P ≥ 0.2).ConclusionsRelative to white patients, an important cancer‐specific mortality advantage applies to intermediate‐risk and high‐risk Asian prostate cancer patients treated with external beam radiotherapy, and to high‐risk Asian patients treated with radical prostatectomy. These observations should be considered in pretreatment risk stratification and decision‐making.
Rab6b localizes to the Golgi complex in murine macrophages and promotes tumor necrosis factor release in response to mycobacterial infection
Authors: Domínguez Cadena Leslie C , Schultz Thomas E , Zamoshnikova Alina , Donovan Meg L , Mathmann Carmen D , Yu Chien‐Hsiung , Mori Giorgia , Stow Jennifer L , Blumenthal Antje 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) plays a central role in the host control of mycobacterial infections. Expression and release of TNF are tightly regulated, yet the molecular mechanisms that control the release of TNF by mycobacteria‐infected host cells, in particular macrophages, are incompletely understood. Rab GTPases direct the transport of intracellular membrane‐enclosed vesicles and are important regulators of macrophage cytokine secretion. Rab6b is known to be predominantly expressed in the brain where it functions in retrograde transport and anterograde vesicle transport for exocytosis. Whether it executes similar functions in the context of immune responses is unknown. Here we show that Rab6b is expressed by primary mouse macrophages, where it localized to the Golgi complex. Infection with Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) resulted in dynamic changes in Rab6b expression in primary mouse macrophages in vitro as well as in organs from infected mice in vivo. We further show that Rab6b facilitated TNF release by M. bovis BCG‐infected macrophages, in the absence of discernible impact on Tnf messenger RNA and intracellular TNF protein expression. Our observations identify Rab6b as a positive regulator of M. bovis BCG‐induced TNF trafficking and secretion by macrophages and positions Rab6b among the molecular machinery that orchestrates inflammatory cytokine responses by macrophages.
A fair classifier chain for multi‐label bank marketing strategy classification
Authors: Radovanović Sandro , Petrović Andrija , Delibašić Boris , Suknović Milija 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRecently, the usage of machine learning algorithms is subject to discussion from a legal and ethical point of view. Unwanted discrimination regarding gender or race of a prediction model can lead to legal consequences. Therefore, during predictive model learning, one needs to be aware of possible bias and adjust the model to be fair. However, in bank marketing applications, one customer can receive multiple offers instead of just one. Because of their correlation between, a multi‐label classification approach is the most suitable one. This paper proposes a fair classifier chain machine learning model for multi‐label classification. Our algorithm solves the multi‐label classification problem in an efficient manner, and it is suitable for real‐life application employment. The proposed approach allows for controlling fairness constraints during the process of machine learning. It is based on the logistic regression model, thus enabling high efficiency and understandability. We apply our model to a real‐life model from bank marketing campaign response prediction. The obtained results are promising. More specifically, our model achieves high fairness measures having an increase from 7% to 17%. However, fairness has a price of a decrease in predictive performance, up to 9% of AUC. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first algorithm that introduce fairness constraints in multi‐label classification problems.
Use of a novel 4D intracardiac echocardiography catheter to guide interventional electrophysiology procedures
Authors: Kaplan Rachel M. , Narang Akhil , Gay Hawkins , Gao Xu , Gibreal Mohammed , Arora Rishi , Chicos Alexandru , Kim Susan , Passman Rod , Patil Kaustubha , Pfenniger Anna , Verma Nishant , Lin Albert , Knight Bradley P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionStandard two‐dimensional (2D), phased‐array intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) is routinely used to guide interventional electrophysiology (EP) procedures. A novel four‐dimensional (4D) ICE catheter (VeriSight Pro, Philips) can obtain 2D and three‐dimensional (3D) volumetric images and cine‐videos in real‐time (4D). The purpose of this study was to determine the early feasibility and safety of this 4D ICE catheter during EP procedures.MethodsThe 4D ICE catheter was placed from the femoral vein in ten patients into various cardiac chambers to guide EP procedures requiring transseptal catheterization, including ablation for atrial fibrillation and left atrial appendage closure. 2D‐ and 3D‐ICE images were acquired in real‐time by the electrophysiologist. A dedicated imaging expert performed digital steering to optimize and postprocess 4D images.ResultsEight patients underwent pulmonary vein isolation (cryoballoon in seven patients, pulsed field ablation in one, additional radiofrequency left atrial ablation in one). Two patients underwent left atrial appendage closure. High quality images of cardiac structures, transseptal catheterization equipment, guide sheaths, ablation tools, and closure devices were acquired with the ICE catheter tip positioned in the right atrium, left atrium, pulmonary vein, coronary sinus, right ventricle, and pulmonary artery. There were no complications.ConclusionThis is the first experience of a novel deflectable 4D ICE catheter used to guide EP procedures. 4D ICE imaging is safe and allows for acquisition of high‐quality 2D and 3D images in real‐time. Further use of 4D ICE will be needed to determine its added value for each EP procedure type.
Reliance on science by inventors: Hybrid extraction of in‐text patent‐to‐article citations
Authors: Marx Matt , Fuegi Aaron 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe curate and characterize a complete set of citations from patents to scientific articles, including 16.8 million from the full text of USPTO and EPO patents. Combining hand‐tuned heuristics and the GROBID machine‐learning package, we achieve much higher performance than machine learning alone. Recall is evaluated with a set of 5939 randomly sampled, cross‐verified “known good” citations, which the authors have never seen. At 99.4% precision, we achieve recall rates of 78% for the full test set and 88% for references specified without mistakes. We compare these “in‐text” citations with those on the front page of patents. In‐text citations are more diverse temporally, geographically, and topically; moreover, they are less self‐referential and less likely to be copied from one patent to the next. In‐text citations have dropped from two‐thirds of all patent‐to‐article citations half a century ago to about one‐third today. In replicating two articles that use only front‐page citations, we show that failing to capture in‐text citations leads to understating the role of academic science in commercial invention. All patent‐to‐article citations, the known‐good test set, and the source code are available at http://relianceonscience.org.
Do clinical practice guidelines consider evidence about diagnostic test consequences on patient‐relevant outcomes? A critical document analysis
Authors: Tuut Mariska K. , Burgers Jako S. , van der Weijden Trudy , Langendam Miranda W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesSupporting evidence for diagnostic test recommendations in clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) should not only include diagnostic accuracy, but also downstream consequences of the test result on patient‐relevant outcomes. The aim of this study is to assess the extent to which evidence‐based CPGs about diagnostic tests cover all relevant test‐treatment pathway components.MethodsWe performed a systematic document analysis and quality assessment of publicly accessible CPGs about three common diagnostic tests: C‐reactive protein, colonoscopy and fractional exhaled nitric oxide. Evaluation of the impact of the full test‐treatment pathway (diagnostic accuracy, burden of the test, natural course of target condition, treatment effectiveness, and link between test result and administration of treatment) on patient relevant outcomes was considered best practice for developing medical test recommendations.ResultsWe retrieved 15 recommendations in 15 CPGs. The methodological quality of the CPGs varied from poor to excellent. Ten recommendations considered diagnostic accuracy. Four of these were funded on a systematic review and rating of the certainty in the evidence. None of the CPGs evaluated all steps of the test‐treatment pathway. Burden of the test was considered in three CPGs, but without systematically reviewing the evidence. Natural course was considered in two CPGs, without a systematic review of the evidence. In three recommendations, treatment effectiveness was considered, supported with a systematic review and rating of the certainty in the evidence in one CPG. The link between test result and treatment administration was not considered in any CPG.ConclusionsThe included CPGs hardly seem to consider evidence about test consequences on patient‐relevant outcomes. This might be explained by reporting issues and challenging methodology. Future research is needed to investigate how to facilitate guideline developers in explicit reliable consideration of all steps of a test‐treatment pathway when developing diagnostic test recommendations.
A new species of Cetopsorhamdia (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Upper Amazon River basin
Authors: Faustino‐Fuster Dario R. , de Souza Lesley S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA new species of Cetopsorhamdia is described from material collected on rapid inventories and ichthyological expeditions in the Amazon region of Peru, Ecuador and Colombia. The new species can be differentiated from all other species of Cetopsorhamdia by the colouration pattern on fins, number of vertebrae, number of ribs, level insertion of dorsal fin, number of rays on dorsal and pectoral fin, osteological characters and several other morphometric characters. The new species is distributed along tributaries of the upper Amazon River basin in Peru, Colombia and Ecuador.