bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combination of Botulinum Toxin and minocycline Ameliorates Neuropathic Pain Through Antioxidant Stress and Anti-Inflammation via Promoting SIRT1 Pathway
Authors: Yu Zhi , Liu Jiayu , Sun Le , Wang Yusheng , Meng Hongmei 
Published: March 2021

Neuropathic pain (NP) is one of the intractable complications of spinal cord injury (SCI), with poor prognosis and seriously affects the quality of life of patients. This study aims to determine the treatment effect and mechanism of multimodal therapies in a rat model of SCI-induced NP by combining treatment with the anti-inflammatory agent minocycline (MC) and botulinum toxin (BoNT). The combined utilization alleviated SCI-induced NP and reduced apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress of SCI by activating SIRT1 and dampening pAKT, P53, and p-NF-KB. BoNT with a concentration of 0.1 nm and MC with a concentration of 20 uM were selected for the experiment in the primary microglia and astrocytes treated with LPS. It was found that the combination of BoNT and MC obviously inhibits the inflammatory response and oxidative stress of glial cells, and notably activates SIRT1 and restrains pAKT, P53, and p-NF-KB. Therefore, in the treatment of SCI-induced NP, the combination of BoNT and MC markedly improves the therapeutic effect of NP by promoting the SIRT1 expression, thereby inactivating NF-KB, P53, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress as well as relieving SCI-induced NP.
Preparation and Release Profiles in Vitro/Vivo of Galantamine Pamoate Loaded Poly (Lactideco-Glycolide) (PLGA) Microspheres
Authors: Du Liping , Liu Shankui , Hao Guizhou , Zhang Li , Zhou Miaomiao , Bao Yueqing , Ding Bing , Sun Qinyong , Zhang Guimin 
Published: March 2021

Patient’s poor compliance and the high risk of toxic effects limit the clinical use of galantamine hydrobromide. To overcome these drawbacks, the sustained-release galantamine pamoate microspheres (GLT-PM-MS) were successfully developed using an oil/water emulsion solvent evaporation method in this study. Physicochemical properties of GLT-PM-MS were carefully characterized, and the in vitro and in vivo drug release behaviors were well studied. Results showed that the morphology of optimized microspheres were spherical with smooth surfaces and core-shell interior structure. Mean particle size, drug loading and entrapment efficiency were 75.23 ± 1.79 μm, 28.01 ± 0.81% and 87.12 ± 2.71%, respectively. The developed GLT-PM-MS were found to have a sustained release for about 24 days in vitro and the plasma drug concentration remained stable for 17 days in rats. These results indicated that GLT-PM-MS could achieve the sustained drug release purpose and be used in clinical trial.
Exploring the Dimensions of Smartphone Distraction: Development, Validation, Measurement Invariance, and Latent Mean Differences of the Smartphone Distraction Scale (SDS)
Authors: Throuvala Melina A. , Pontes Halley M. , Tsaousis Ioannis , Griffiths Mark D. , Rennoldson Mike , Kuss Daria J. 
Published: March 2021

Background: Distraction is a functional emotion regulation strategy utilized to relieve emotional distress. Within the attention economy perspective, distraction is increasingly associated with digital technology use, performance impairments and interference with higher-order cognitive processes. Research on smartphone distraction and its association with problematic smartphone use is still scarce and there is no available psychometric assessment tool to assess this cognitive and emotive process parsimoniously.Method: The present study reports the development and evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Smartphone Distraction Scale (SDS) through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, construct validity, gender invariance, and latent mean differences. The study was conducted in a sample of British university students (N = 1,001; M = 21.10 years, SD = 2.77).Results: The 16-item SDS was best conceptualized in a four-factor model solution comprising attention impulsiveness, online vigilance, emotion regulation, and multitasking. Construct validity was established using relevant psychosocial and mental health measures, with SDS scores being moderately associated with deficient self-regulation and problematic social media use. Gender measurement invariance was achieved at the configural, metric, and scalar levels, and latent mean differences indicated that females had significantly higher means than males across all four SDS latent factors.Discussion: The SDS presents with several strengths, including its theoretical grounding, relatively short length, and sound psychometric properties. The SDS enables the assessment of distraction, which appears to be one of the pathways to problematic smartphone use facilitating overuse and overreliance on smartphones for emotion regulation processes. The assessment of distraction in relation to problematic use in vulnerable populations may facilitate interventions that could encourage metacognition and benefit these groups by allowing sustained productivity in an increasingly disrupted work and social environment.
Systematic Review of Potential Occupational Respiratory Hazards Exposure Among Sewage Workers
Authors: Muzaini Kamarulzaman , Yasin Siti Munira , Ismail Zaliha , Ishak Ahmad Razali 
Published: March 2021

Background: Sewage workers have a higher risk of exposure to various potential occupational respiratory hazards found in sewage plants. Although previous studies discuss occupational respiratory hazard concentration impacting sewage workers' respiratory health, the results are scarce and mixed. Hence, there is a need to identify the potential respiratory hazards in sewage plants so as to clarify the short- and long-term respiratory health effects. Therefore, this systematic review (SR) aims to critically review previous studies investigating potential respiratory hazards found at sewage plants and their effects on sewage workers' respiratory health.Methods: An SR was conducted using PubMed, EBSCO Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar on peer-reviewed studies published between January 1994 and October 2020 evaluating the impact of potential exposure to respiratory hazards and its effects on respiratory health among sewage workers. “Sewage treatment plant,” “respiratory hazards,” and “respiratory health effects” were the three main search terms chosen in this SR. The inclusion criteria were (1) studies on potential occupational respiratory hazard exposure among sewage workers, (2) manuscripts written in English, and (3) studies published in the peer-reviewed literature. The human observational studies' quality was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool.Results: We identified 5,660 articles through an initial database search. Only 26 items met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review; 15 human observational studies and 11 environmental assessment studies were conducted in the sewage industries. Most of the human observational studies were rated as moderate quality, two studies were rated as weak quality, and one study with strong quality was identified. Hydrogen sulfide, bioaerosols, particulate matter 2.5 (PM 2.5), and volatile organic compounds (VOC) were found to be potential respiratory hazards. Most of the risks contributed to adverse outcomes on the sewage workers' respiratory health with some inconsistent findings on the relationship between respiratory hazard exposure and respiratory health effects.Conclusion: Our review finds that, although this area is of great importance, quality studies are still lacking. There is a need for additional studies to clarify the effects of respiratory hazard exposure on sewage workers and respiratory health, especially PM 2.5 and VOC.
High-pressure effects on La(O,F)BiS2 single crystal using diamond anvil cell with dual-probe diamond electrodes
Authors: Yamamoto Sayaka , Matsumoto Ryo , Adachi Shintaro , Takano Yoshihiko 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The high-pressure phase of La(O,F)BiS2 exhibits the highest transition temperature among all the BiS2-based superconductors. Various studies, such as the investigation of isotope effects, have been conducted to explain its superconducting mechanism. However, there are very few reports on the electrical transport properties and vibration modes of single-crystalline La(O,F)BiS2 under high pressure. In this study, we developed a diamond anvil cell with dual-probe diamond electrodes to measure the electrical transport properties of La(O,F)BiS2 single crystal and Pb as a manometer at low temperature. Using the developed system, a linear decrease in the transition temperature and phonon hardening was observed under the application of pressure on La(O,F)BiS2 single crystal.
Relações públicas em tempos de pandemia: Uma análise do projeto Apoie SB, realizado na fronteira oeste do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Rhoden Valmor , Andres Fernanda Sagrilo 
Published: March 2021

Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre a prática de Relações Públicas durante a pandemia do novo coronavírus (COVID-19), em 2020. O Curso de Relações Públicas da Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), campus São Borja (Rio Grande do Sul, RS), por meio do trabalho colaborativo de professores e alunos, criou e executou o projeto de extensão universitária Apoie SB. Os objetivos principais da iniciativa foram fomentar e contribuir com a economia local, por meio da divulgação de produtos e serviços de pequenos negócios e de microempreendedores. Cerca de 150 pessoas e empresas se inscreveram. A metodologia usada na execução do projeto foi a pesquisa participante. Os resultados mostram que a iniciativa obteve resultados satisfatórios, sendo que mais de 20 mil pessoas foram impactadas direta ou indiretamente, com mais de R$ 20 mil em mídia gratuita alcançados. O trabalho destaca a importância das estratégias de Relações Públicas para atingir objetivos institucionais em tempos de crise, como a pandemia de COVID-19.
Palavras-chave: São Borja; UNIPAMPA; Empreendedorismo
Public relations in pandemic times: An analysis of the project Apoie SB held on the western frontier of Rio Grande do Sul State
Abstract: This article presents a reflection on Public Relations’ practices during the pandemic of COVID-19 in 2020. The Public Relations Graduation Course at Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), campus São Borja (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil), through the collaborative work of teachers and students, created and executed the university extension project named Apoie SB. The main objectives of this initiative were to contribute to the local economy, promoting products and services of small businesses and micro-entrepreneurs. About 150 people and companies signed up. The methodology applied to the project was the participant observation. Results showed that the initiative obtained satisfactory outcomes, with over 20 thousand people being directly or indirectly impacted and reaching more than 20 thousand reais (near 4.000 US dollars) in free media. The importance of Public Relations strategies in achieving institutional goals during crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic was discussed.
Keywords: São Borja; UNIPAMPA; Entrepreneurship
ACTIO PAULIANA SEBAGAI UPAYA PERLINDUNGAN BAGI KREDITOR MENURUT KITAB UNDANG-UNDANG HUKUM PERDATA DAN UNDANG-UNDANG KEPAILITAN DAN PENUNDAAN KEWAJIBAN PEMBAYARAN UTANG (PKPU)
Authors: Mantili Rai 
Published: March 2021

Actio Pauliana is the right given to a creditor to cancel the debtor’s agreement with a third party. The purpose of this actio pauliana is to avoid losses from its creditors, by requesting the court to cancel the debtor’s legal action which is deemed to be detrimental to his creditors. Actio Pauliana provisions apart from being regulated in the Civil Code, are also regulated in Law No. 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Repayment Obligation (UUKPKPU). However, the two rules have several diff erences. In this paper, the author wants to explain about Actio Pauliana which is regulated in the Civil Code and Actio Pauliana which is regulated in UUKPKPU in order to provide protection for creditors. This writing gives the result that Actio Pauliana’s lawsuit which is regulated in the Civil Code is submitted to the District Court and cannot be justifi ed and can take a long time. Unlike the case with Actio Pauliana which is regulated in the UUPKPU, the fi ling of a lawsuit is made to the Commercial Court and can be proven simply so that it can provide more protection for creditors.
PENERAPAN PERATURAN MAHKAMAH AGUNG REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 1 TAHUN 2016 TENTANG PROSEDUR MEDIASI DI MASA PANDEMI COVID 19. (STUDI DI PENGADILAN AGAMA KAB. KEDIRI)
Authors: Handayani Emi Puasa , Arifin Zainal 
Published: March 2021

This article is the outcome of research aimed at took two problems. First, what is the procedure for the mediation process in accordance with the Regulation of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2016. Second, how is the implementation of Regulation of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2016, during the Covid 19 pandemic at the Kediri District Religious Court. The method used in this research is juridical empirical. The research steps taken were: First, the researcher visited the Kediri District Religious Court offi ce. To fi nd initial data, and interviewed the data source, then processed and presented according to the theory used. The theory used is the legal system. In essence, there are three components in law, namely substance, structure and culture (society). The research found two things, namely: fi rst, that Mediation based on the regulations of the Supreme Court is carried out in three stages, fi rst is pre-mediation, the second stage is the application of mediation and the third stage is the implementation of mediation. The second fi nding is that the implementation of Perma RI Number: 1 of 2016 concerning mediation during the Covid 19 pandemic at the Kediri District Religious Court deviates from the established legal basis. The judge still gave a verdict or sentenced him, even though the Petitioner did not come at the time of mediation on the grounds of the Covid 19 Pandemic.
Assessment of spatio-temporal changes in characteristics of industrial waste water in Dehradun region of Uttarakhand
Authors: Ramola Bharti , Singh Ajay 
Published: March 2021

Spatial and temporal changes in the pH, electrical conductivity (EC), TDS, TSS, BOD, COD and concentration of toxic metals viz. cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) were assessed in the waste water contaminated with untreated or inadequately pretreated industrial effluents from pharmaceutical industries located in Selaqui area and sugar industry and distillery located in Doiwala area of Dehradun. Four effluent samples A, B, C, D collected from manufacturing and processing industries located in the study area and two ground water samples E1 & E2 contiguous to Selaqui industrial hub and Doiwala industrial stretch respectively, were analyzed using standard physico-chemical methods. In order to delimit the temporal changes in parameters, samples were collected in three batches at three consecutive seasons of a year. Analyses at STP condition revealed that pH values of ground water samples remained fairly unchanged at 7.01 + 0.14 & 6.98 + 0.04 for E1 & E2 respectively, for two regional variations and three seasonal variations. EC (mmho/cm) varied non-uniformly with highest value of 0.479 observed for sample A in batch 1 whereas lowest value of 0.122 recorded for sample D in batch 3. TDS in effluents of distillery and sugar industry were found to be 3-6 folds higher than the same for effluents from pharmaceutical industries across all seasons. BOD and COD values for the effluents of distillery and sugar industries were recorded unexpectedly higher than corresponding values in effluents from pharmaceutical industries in all the three batches. TSS was very high in the range of 1500 to 4500 mg/l in all the effluent samples except the ground water samples. Highest concentration of heavy metal detected was iron with concentration of 10.80 mg/l. Cr, Pb, Cd and Ni were found to be above the permissible limit recommended by WHO standards. A plausible analysis is made to interpret the wide range variation of the parameters in the light of spatial and temporal change aspects and necessary pretreatment measures to bring down the magnitude of contamination within consent level are suggested.
Turn the beat around: Commentary on “Slow and fast beat sequences are represented differently through space" (De Tommaso & Prpic, 2020, in Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics)
Authors: Wood Danielle , Shaki Samuel , Fischer Martin H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere has been increasing interest in the spatial mapping of various perceptual and cognitive magnitudes, such as expanding the spatial-numerical association of response codes (SNARC) effect into domains outside of numerical cognition. Recently, De Tommaso and Prpic (Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 82, 2765–2773, 2020) reported in this journal that only fast tempos over 104 beats per minute have spatial associations, with more right-sided associations and faster responses for faster tempos. After discussing the role of perceived loudness and possible response strategies, we propose and recommend methodological improvements for further research.
Estado Actual de la Basura Aérea Provocada por Cables de Comunicación en Desuso
Authors: Alvaro Pillalaza Santiago Javier 
Published: March 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es explicar la manera como se genera la basura aérea provocada por cables de comunicaciones en desuso, para establecer propuestas que mitiguen este problema en la ciudad de Quito. Para el desarrollo de este trabajo se utilizó información de la Agencia de Regulación y Control de las Telecomunicaciones ARCOTEL y de la Superintendencia de Telecomunicaciones SUPERTEL, relacionada al número de conexiones y desconexiones de enlaces alámbricos durante los últimos 7 años a nivel nacional. También se analizó los deberes y derechos que tiene el Municipio del Distrito Metropolitano para la ciudad de Quito. Mediante el análisis documental y cuantitativo se definen las causas y se establecen recomendaciones para solventar el problema.
Antibacterial Resistance in Lower Respiratory Tract Bacterial Pathogens: A Multicenter Analysis from Turkey
Authors: Uskudar Guclu Aylin , Altay Kocak Aylin , Akcil Ok Mehtap , Tutluoglu Bulent , Basustaoglu Ahmet Celal , Respiratory Study Group  
Published: March 2021

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the etiology of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and their antibiotic resistance.
Methodology: Bacterial culture results of LRT samples from 17 hospitals between 2016-2019 were included in the study. All isolates were identified and AST were performed by automated microbiology systems. AST was performed according to EUCAST.
Results: Non-duplicate 30,051 (26,890 HA and 3156 CA) isolates detected as causative pathogen. LRTIs are caused by 85.1% Gram-negative bacterial pathogens and 14.9% Gram-positive. The most common isolates among HA pathogens were Acinetobacter spp. (27.4%), P.aeruginosa (22.2%), K.pneumoniae (17.9%); among CA pathogen S.pneumoniae (19.9%), P. aeruginosa (18.9%), H.influenzae (14.6%). ESBL rate was 62.5% in K.penumoniae; 53.1% in E.coli; 19.1% in Klebsiella spp; 13.9% in Enterobacter spp.; 8.6% in Proteus spp.; 6.3% in Citrobacter spp.; and 4.3% in Serratia spp. Resistance rates to carbapenems and colistin were 92.8% and 12.8% in A baumannii, 39.8% and 7.5% in P.aeruginosa, 47.3% and 18.5% in K.penumoniae. Among staphylococci, 27.3% of S. aureus and 82.4% of CoNS were methicillin resistant. 7.6% of E.faecium and 0.9% of E.faecalis were vancomycin resistant. Linezolid resistant S. aureus, CoNS, E.faecalis and E.faecium rates were 0.3%, 2.9%, 0.0% and 4.6%. Inducible clindamycin resistant rate was 17.2% in S. aureus 38.2% in CoNS. Non-susceptible S.pneumoniae isolate rate to penicillin was 37.0%. 6.5% of S.maltophilia and 4.4% of B.cepacia isolates were resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.
Conclusions: Antibiotic resistance was mainly observed among A.baumannii and K.pneumoniae and continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance patterns in the management of LRTIs is important.
Scientific efforts on SARS-CoV-2 research: A global survey analysis
Authors: Jia Zhiwei , Wu Yaohong , Ding Fan , Wen Tianlin 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak has been a global pandemic. Researchers have made great efforts to investigate SARS-CoV-2. However, there are few studies analyzing the general situation of SARS-CoV-2 research at global level. This study aimed to characterize global scientific efforts based on SARS-CoV-2 publications.
Methodology: SARS-CoV-2 -related publications were retrieved using Web of Science. The number of publications, citation, country, journal, study topic, total confirmed cases, and total deaths were analyzed.
Results: A total of 441 publications were identified. China contributed the largest number of publications (198, 44.90%), followed by USA (51, 11.56%), Italy (28, 6.35%), Germany (19, 4.31%), and South Korea (13, 2.95%). Upper-middle-income economies (51.70%) produced the most SARS-CoV-2 publications, followed by high-income (45.12%), lower-middle-income (2.95%), and low-income economies (0.23%). The research output had a significant correlations with total confirmed cases (r = 0.666, p = 0.000) and total deaths (r = 0.610, p = 0.000). China had the highest total citations (1947), followed by USA (204), and Germany (54). China also had the highest average citations (9.83), followed by Netherlands (5.80), and Canada (5.43). The most popular journals were Journal of Medical Virology, Eurosurveillance, and Emerging Microbes and Infections. The most discussed topic was the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2.
Conclusions: Scientific research on SARS-CoV-2 is from worldwide researchers' efforts, with some countries and journals having special contributions. The countries with more total confirmed cases and total deaths tend to have more research output in the field of SARS-CoV-2. China was the most prolific country, and had the highest quality of publications on SARS-CoV-2.