bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relative expansion of CD19‐negative very‐early normal B‐cell precursors in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia after CD19 targeting by blinatumomab and CAR‐T cell therapy: implications for flow cytometric detection of minimal residual disease
Authors: Mikhailova Ekaterina , Semchenkova Alexandra , Illarionova Olga , Kashpor Svetlana , Brilliantova Varvara , Zakharova Elena , Zerkalenkova Elena , Zangrando Andrea , Bocharova Natalia , Shelikhova Larisa , Diakonova Yulia , Zhogov Vladimir , Khismatullina Rimma , Molostova Olga , Buldini Barbara , Raykina Elena , Larin Sergey , Olshanskaya Yulia , Miakova Natalia , Novichkova Galina , Maschan Michael , Popov Alexander M. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryCD19‐directed treatment in B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (BCP‐ALL) frequently leads to the downmodulation of targeted antigens. As multicolour flow cytometry (MFC) application for minimal/measurable residual disease (MRD) assessment in BCP‐ALL is based on B‐cell compartment study, CD19 loss could hamper MFC‐MRD monitoring after blinatumomab or chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell (CAR‐T) therapy. The use of other antigens (CD22, CD10, CD79a, etc.) as B‐lineage gating markers allows the identification of CD19‐negative leukaemia, but it could also lead to misidentification of normal very‐early CD19‐negative BCPs as tumour blasts. In the current study, we summarized the results of the investigation of CD19‐negative normal BCPs in 106 children with BCP‐ALL who underwent CD19 targeting (blinatumomab, n = 64; CAR‐T, n = 25; or both, n = 17). It was found that normal CD19‐negative BCPs could be found in bone marrow after CD19‐directed treatment more frequently than in healthy donors and children with BCP‐ALL during chemotherapy or after stem cell transplantation. Analysis of the antigen expression profile revealed that normal CD19‐negative BCPs could be mixed up with residual leukaemic blasts, even in bioinformatic analyses of MFC data. The results of our study should help to investigate MFC‐MRD more accurately in patients who have undergone CD19‐targeted therapy, even in cases with normal CD19‐negative BCP expansion.
Resolving the small‐pockets problem helps clarify the role of education and political ideology in shaping vaccine scepticism
Authors: Hornsey Matthew J. , Edwards Martin , Lobera Josep , Díaz‐Catalán Celia , Barlow Fiona Kate 
Published: March 2021

Understanding the factors associated with vaccine scepticism is challenging because of the ‘small‐pockets’ problem: The number of highly vaccine‐sceptical people is low, and small subsamples such as these can be missed using traditional regression approaches. To overcome this problem, the current study (N = 5,200) used latent profile analysis to uncover six profiles, including two micro‐communities of vaccine‐sceptical people who have the potential to jeopardize vaccine‐led herd immunity. The most vaccine‐sceptical group (1.14%) was highly educated and expressed strong liberal tendencies. This group was also the most sceptical about genetically modified crops and nuclear energy, and most likely to receive news about science from the Internet. The second‐most vaccine‐sceptical group (3.4%) was young, poorly educated, and politically extreme (both left and right). In resolving the small‐pockets problem, the current analyses also help reconcile competing theoretical perspectives about the role of education and political ideology in shaping anti‐vaccination views.
Microfinance and missing markets
Authors: Shahe Emran M. , Mahbub Morshed A. K. M. , Stiglitz Joseph E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe existing theoretical analysis of microfinance focuses on the nature of the loan contract such as group liability. We draw attention to the role of missing or imperfect labour markets in understanding some of the important “second generation” debates in microfinance. Our analysis helps explain a number of puzzles in microfinance including high repayment rates with high interest rates, difficulties in scaling up projects, limited economic impact on borrowing households, low take‐up rates in recent microcredit programs, conflicting views about the interest rate elasticity of demand, and spurious mission drift. Microcredit can play a role when labour markets are underdeveloped, but it may also hinder structural transformation.
The frequency of interleukin-1β-producing monocytes is significantly associated with varicella-zoster responses of nursing home residents
Authors: Picard E , Bowdish D M E , McElhaney J E , Pawelec G , Loeb M , Verschoor C P 
Published: March 2021

Summary
Previous studies have demonstrated that the status of the T cell compartment and inflammation-related factors are associated with the immunogenicity of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) vaccine in older adults; however, little is known about the roles of other immune cell subsets known to influence the generation and maintenance of immunological memory. Responses to a live-attenuated VZV vaccine were studied in relation to peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) composition and function in a sample of 30 nursing home residents (aged 80–99 years). Interferon-gamma enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) was used to measure VZV responses at baseline and 6 weeks following vaccination, and associations were sought with the frequencies of monocytes and T, B and natural killer (NK) cells and the production and secretion of cytokines following their ex-vivo stimulation with different agents. While only the frequency of interleukin (IL)-6+ CD14+ monocytes was inversely associated with post-vaccination VZV response, amounts of IL-1β, IL-10, IL-17A and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) secreted by PBMCs and the frequency of IL-1β+ CD14+ monocytes was positively correlated with pre-vaccination VZV response. Furthermore, both bivariate correlation and causal mediation analyses supported the notion that IL-1β+ CD14+ monocytes were significant mediators of the associations between IL-1β and TNF secretion by PBMCs and pre-vaccination VZV responses. Our findings implicate a strong cytokine response mediated by inflammatory IL-1β+ monocytes in coordinating responses of long-lived VZV-reactive memory T cells, but with an opposing effect of IL-6+ CD14+ monocytes. Whether monocyte status promotes or inhibits the induction and/or maintenance of these memory T cells later in life has yet to be determined.
A critical review of qualitative research publications in dental implants from 2006 to 2020
Authors: Jayachandran Sivakumar , Hill Kirsty , Walmsley Anthony Damien 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis critical review is aimed to investigate the current status of qualitative research in dental implant research and to explore the quality of available information.Material and methodsA systematic search was done on the journal databases to identify dental implant research articles that used qualitative methodology during 2006 and 2020. The resulting articles were appraised against the checklist offered by the Critical Appraisal Skills programme (CASP) tool. Also, the theories evolved from the research were reviewed to understand the value of this methodology in dental implant research.ResultsTwenty‐five (25) articles out of the 8,421 original results were identified as using qualitative methodology. The researchers have sought to identify the views of patients about tooth loss, dental implants, and the information they receive from dental professionals, and views of the dentists about dental implant practice. The review found that there were few inconsistencies in the quality of such research especially the qualitative data analysis.ConclusionsThe quantity of qualitative research in dental implants remains low; however, the quality has improved in the past two decades. Despite these improvements, there is still a lack of research in understanding both patients’ and dentists’ views on dental implant procedures and management.
Early implant placement in ridge preserved extraction sockets: A pre‐clinical in vivo study
Authors: Rodriguez‐Ortiz Gabriel , Chen Stephen , Davies Helen , Fitzgerald Wayne , Darby Ivan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim was to analyse the outcomes of early implant placement after 6 and 12 weeks of healing in ridge preserved sites in a canine model.Materials and methodsImplants were placed in second maxillary incisors sites in 9 dogs 6 weeks after grafting of the sockets with 90% deproteinized bovine bone mineral in 10% collagen matrix (DBBMC) and closure with resorbable type I/III porcine collagen matrix (PCM). The implants were randomly assigned to 6 (T6) and 12 (T12) weeks of healing.ResultsThe percentage of bone‐to‐implant contact (%BIC), old bone, new bone and residual DBBMC was similar between T6 and T12. In relation to the implant shoulder (IS), the original bone crest (IS‐ROB) was more apical on the buccal than the palatal side. The regenerated bone crest (IS‐C) and IS‐ROB were similar between groups. However, the distance from IS to first bone‐to implant contact (IS‐fBIC) was significantly less in T12 compared with T6 (p = .022; Wilcoxon signed‐rank test). The bucco‐palatal ridge dimensions between T6 and T12 were similar.ConclusionsThis study confirms that implants can successfully be placed early in ridge preserved maxillary second incisor sites and are osseointegrated by 6 weeks. There were significantly lower IS‐fBIC values at 12 weeks than at 6 weeks on the buccal aspect. The original buccal bone crest underwent greater corono‐apical resorption than the palatal crest. The %BIC, relative proportions of mineralized tissues and dimensions of the alveolar ridge demonstrated stability between 6 and 12 weeks of healing.
Effect of biofilm formation on implant abutments with an anti‐bacterial coating: A pre‐clinical in vivo study
Authors: Almohandes Ahmed , Abrahamsson Ingemar , Dahlén Gunnar , Berglundh Tord 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo analyse the long‐term effect of plaque formation on implant abutments with an antibacterial coating and the ensuing host response in peri‐implant tissues.Materials and methodsFour implants were installed in each mandibular premolar region following tooth extraction in six dogs. Three months later, two test abutments with a titanium–bismuth–gallium (Ti‐Bi‐Ga) coating and two control titanium abutments were connected to the implants on each side of the mandible. After 2 months, ligatures were placed around the implants in one side of the mandible and plaque formation was allowed until the end of the experiment. The ligatures were removed after 4 weeks. Radiographs and microbiological samples were obtained from each implant site during the plaque formation period. Biopsies were obtained 8 months after abutment connection and prepared for histological analysis.ResultsThe analysis did not reveal any statistically significant differences in bone loss, bacterial growth and size of inflammatory lesions between implant units with and without the Ti‐Bi‐Ga coating. Implant sites exposed to the short period of ligature‐induced breakdown demonstrated more pronounced bone loss and bacterial growth than non‐ligature sites.ConclusionsIt is suggested that a Ti‐Bi‐Ga coating does not prevent biofilm formation on the implant device and does not influence the ensuing host response in the adjacent peri‐implant mucosa.
Delay to elective colorectal cancer surgery and implications for survival: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Whittaker Thomas M , Abdelrazek Mohamed E. G. , Fitzpatrick Aran J. , Froud Joseph L. J. , Kelly Jack R. , Williamson Jeremy S. , Williams Gethin L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimThe Covid‐19 pandemic has delayed elective colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery. The aim of this study was to see whether or not this may affect overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS).MethodA systematic review was carried out according to PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO ID: CRD42020189158). Medline, EMBASE and Scopus were interrogated. Patients aged over 18 years with a diagnosis of colon or rectal cancer who received elective surgery as their primary treatment were included. Delay to elective surgery was defined as the period between CRC diagnosis and the day of surgery. Meta‐analysis of the outcomes OS and DFS were conducted. Forest plots, funnel plots and tests of heterogeneity were produced. An estimated number needed to harm (NNH) was calculated for statistically significant pooled hazard ratios (HRs).ResultsOf 3753 articles identified, seven met the inclusion criteria. Encompassing 314 560 patients, three of the seven studies showed that a delay to elective resection is associated with poorer OS or DFS. OS was assessed at a 1 month delay, the HR for six datasets was 1.13 (95% CI 1.02–1.26, p = 0.020) and at 3 months the pooled HR for three datasets was 1.57 (95% CI 1.16–2.12, p = 0.004). The estimated NNH for a delay at 1 month and 3 months was 35 and 10 respectively. Delay was nonsignificantly negatively associated with DFS on meta‐analysis.ConclusionThis review recommends that elective surgery for CRC patients is not postponed longer than 4 weeks, as available evidence suggests extended delays from diagnosis are associated with poorer outcomes. Focused research is essential so patient groups can be prioritized based on risk factors in future delays or pandemics.
Potential benefit of laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer on postoperative male sexual function
Authors: Kondo Akihiro , Nishizawa Yuji , Tsukada Yuichiro , Sasaki Takeshi , Inoue Masaharu , Masuda Hitoshi , Suzuki Yasuyuki , Ito Masaaki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the incidence of male sexual dysfunction after mid to low rectal cancer surgery and to identify factors associated with postoperative erectile and ejaculatory dysfunction.MethodsThe subjects were 410 consecutive male patients who underwent surgery for mid to low rectal cancer from 2009 to 2015. Two questionnaires on sexual function were administered: the International Index of Erectile Function, and an original questionnaire on ejaculatory status. Erectile and ejaculatory dysfunction were examined before and 3, 6, 12 months after surgery. In patients without preoperative dysfunction, multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with the incidence of erectile and ejaculatory dysfunction at 12 months after surgery.ResultsOf 410 patients, 234 (57%) gave complete responses to the questionnaires, of whom 108 (46%) and 155 (66%) had severe erectile dysfunction, while 115 (49%) and 168 (72%) had severe ejaculatory dysfunction before and 12 months after surgery, respectively. Of the patients who maintained sexual function preoperatively, the incidence of erectile and ejaculatory dysfunction at 12 months after surgery was 51% (64/126) and 49% (58/119), respectively. In multivariate analysis, age >60 years (P = 0.02), laparotomy (P = 0.002), and creation of a diverting ileostomy (P = 0.003) were independent factors associated with postoperative erectile dysfunction, while age >60 years (P = 0.005), laparotomy (P = 0.04), and lateral lymph node dissection (P = 0.001) were independent factors associated with postoperative ejaculatory dysfunction.ConclusionSexual dysfunction occurred in almost half of patients after rectal cancer surgery, and was independently associated with several factors, including laparotomy.
Serum free light chains in solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Kwapisz Dorota 
Published: March 2021

AbstractImmunoglobulin is built by a pair of identical heavy and a pair of identical light chains. Light chains are produced in excess compared to heavy chains. Free light chains (FLCs) are those which are not combined with heavy chains. Currently, numerous assays are available for the measurement of serum FLCs (sFLCs). These assays cannot be used interchangeably, and renal function should be taken into account in interpreting test results. Levels of kappa and lambda sFLCs are usually used to diagnose and monitor plasma cell dyscrasias. However, the clinical relevance of sFLCs is being investigated in patients with a variety of diseases, including patients after transplantation. There are contradictory results regarding the usefulness of sFLCs in the prediction of post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). However, it seems that sFLCs may be helpful in the prediction of early‐onset PTLD. Some studies have shown that low levels of sFLCs are associated with a higher risk of infection in patients after transplantation. This review summarizes and highlights recent advances in the utility of sFLCs in the prediction of PTLD and infection, and inflammation assessment in patients after solid organ transplantation. Moreover, the influence of immunosuppressive treatment on sFLCs levels is described briefly.
Mitigating the negative impacts of aging on cognitive function; modifiable factors associated with increasing cognitive reserve
Authors: Amanollahi Mobina , Amanollahi Saba , Anjomshoa Ali , Dolatshahi Mahsa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractResearch suggests that social, physical, and cognitively challenging activities during lifetime, could mitigate the negative effects of aging on cognitive function. This effect is explained by the increased cognitive reserve (CR) resulting from such factors; in fact, such activities, by altering structural and functional properties of the human brain, equip one with more effective compensatory mechanisms to resist brain damage before the presentation of severe clinical symptoms. Therefore, applying appropriate modifications in one's lifestyle and activities may be effective in lowering the risk of developing dementia and cognitive dysfunction in old age, especially in brain areas that are susceptible to aging. In this paper, we are going to review relevant studies discussing the association between important modifiable factors, known as CR proxies (i.e., educational attainment, occupational complexity, physical activity, social engagement, bilingualism, leisure activities, and Mediterranean diet), and different domains of cognitive function, which are affected either in the process of healthy aging or neurodegenerative diseases.
Threat of shock promotes passive avoidance, but not active avoidance
Authors: Binti Affandi Aida Helana , Pike Alexandra C. , Robinson Oliver Joe 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAnxiety and stress are adaptive responses to threat that promote harm avoidance. In particular, prior work has shown that anxiety induced in humans using threat of unpredictable shock promotes behavioral inhibition in the face of harm. This is consistent with the idea that anxiety promotes passive avoidance—that is, withholding approach actions that could lead to harm. However, harm can also be avoided through active avoidance, where a (withdrawal) action is taken to avoid harm. Here, we provide the first direct within‐study comparison of the effects of threat of shock on active and passive avoidance. We operationalize passive avoidance as withholding a button press response in the face of negative outcomes, and active avoidance as lifting/releasing a button press in the face of negative outcomes. We explore the impact of threat of unpredictable shock on the learning of these behavioral responses (alongside matched responses to rewards) within a single cognitive task. We predicted that threat of shock would promote both active and passive avoidance, and that this would be driven by increased reliance on Pavlovian bias, as parameterized within reinforcement‐learning models. Consistent with our predictions, we provide evidence that threat of shock promotes passive avoidance as conceptualized by our task. However, inconsistent with predictions, we found no evidence that threat of shock promoted active avoidance, nor evidence of elevated Pavlovian bias in any condition. One hypothetical framework with which to understand these findings is that anxiety promotes passive over active harm avoidance strategies in order to conserve energy while avoiding harm.
Deep phenotyping of an international series of patients with late‐onset dysferlinopathy
Authors: Fernández‐Eulate Gorka , Querin Giorgia , Moore Ursula , Behin Anthony , Masingue Marion , Bassez Guillaume , Leonard‐Louis Sarah , Laforêt Pascal , Maisonobe Thierry , Merle Philippe‐Edouard , Spinazzi Marco , Solé Guilhem , Kuntzer Thierry , Bedat‐Millet Anne‐Laure , Salort‐Campana Emmanuelle , Attarian Shahram , Péréon Yann , Feasson Leonard , Graveleau Julie , Nadaj‐Pakleza Aleksandra , Leturcq France , Gorokhova Svetlana , Krahn Martin , Eymard Bruno , Straub Volker ,   Jain COS Consortium, Evangelista Teresinha , Stojkovic Tanya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo describe the clinical, pathological, and molecular characteristics of late‐onset (LO) dysferlinopathy patients.MethodsRetrospective series of patients with LO dysferlinopathy, defined by an age at onset of symptoms ≥30 years, from neuromuscular centers in France and the International Clinical Outcome Study for dysferlinopathy (COS). Patients with early‐onset (EO) dysferlinopathy (<30 years) were randomly selected from the COS study as a control group, and the North Star Assessment for Dysferlinopathy (NSAD) and Activity Limitation (ACTIVLIM) scores were used to assess functionality. Muscle biopsies obtained from 11 LO and 11 EO patients were revisited.ResultsForty‐eight patients with LO dysferlinopathy were included (28 females). Median age at onset of symptoms was 37 (range 30–57) years and most patients showed a limb‐girdle (n = 26) or distal (n = 10) phenotype. However, compared with EO dysferlinopathy patients (n = 48), LO patients more frequently showed atypical phenotypes (7 vs. 1; p = 0.014), including camptocormia, lower creatine kinase levels (2855 vs. 4394 U/L; p = 0.01), and higher NSAD (p = 0.008) and ACTIVLIM scores (p = 0.016). Loss of ambulation in LO patients tended to occur later (23 ± 4.4 years after disease onset vs. 16.3 ± 6.8 years; p = 0.064). Muscle biopsy of LO patients more frequently showed an atypical pattern (unspecific myopathic changes) as well as significantly less necrosis regeneration and inflammation. Although LO patients more frequently showed missense variants (39.8% vs. 23.9%; p = 0.021), no differences in dysferlin protein expression were found on Western blot.ConclusionsLate‐onset dysferlinopathy patients show a higher frequency of atypical presentations, are less severely affected, and show milder dystrophic changes in muscle biopsy.
The disappearance of ice cover on temperate lakes (Central Europe) as a result of climate warming
Authors: Ptak Mariusz , Sojka Mariusz 
Published: March 2021

This paper presents changes in the ice regime of lakes located in the northern part of Poland. It has been established that in the period 1960–2019, there was a successive decline in the ice extent of lakes, clearly visible in individual parameters; formation of ice cover is delayed by 3.0 days/decade (on average for all lakes), its decline occurred earlier by 3.8 days/decade, and the length of ice cover is shorter by 6.8 days/decade. Moreover, the maximum thickness of the ice cover is becoming thinner, and this process has progressed at an average rate of 2.3 cm/decade. The aforementioned situation shows strong relations with air temperature. It was particularly evident in the late 1980s, when a change in the thermal regime took place, which was documented in most of the analysed parameters, as demonstrated in the study. It has been established that from that period up to now, the decline of ice cover tends to start 19 days earlier, the duration of ice cover is shorter by 22 days, and the ice cover is 8 cm thinner, on average. The observed transformation affects the imbalance of the existing equilibrium in lakes, which can be related to both biotic and abiotic processes.