bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Butyryl‐CoA transferase DNA abundance is not correlated with butyrate production of the intestinal microbial community in piglets with short‐bowel syndrome (SBS) (LB370)
Authors: Loman Brett , Barnes Jennifer , Tappenden Kelly 
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between microbial composition, gene abundance, and corresponding short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration in piglets with SBS fed pre‐ and/or probiotics. We hypothesized that prebiotic consumption would increase the abundance of butyrogenic bactria, butyryl‐CoA transferase DNA (BCoAT), and butyrate concentration while attenuating acetogens, acetyl‐CoA synthase DNA (ACS), and acetate concentration. Neonatal piglets (n=70) underwent 80% jejunoileal resection and placement of a jugular catheter. Piglets received 80% parenteral and 20% enteral nutrition (EN) for 1, 3, or 7 days (d). Control piglets (CON) received unsupplemented EN, prebiotic (PRE) 10 g short‐chain fructooligosaccharides/L EN (scFOS), probiotic (PRO) 1E9 CFU LGG, and synbiotic (SYN) scFOS + LGG. BCoAT was increased by PRE on ileal mucosa at 7d and by PRO in ileal lumen at 3d and 7d (p=0.05). PRE increased butyrate concentration vs CON independent of time (p=0.05). However, BCoAT abundance was not correlated with butyrate concentration. ACS and acetate concentration were neither impacted by treatments nor correlated with each other. This demonstrates that SCFA production may not be regulated simply by gene abundance in the microbial community, thus regulation at the level of mRNA or metabolic activity needs study.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Effect of silicon supplementation on bone status in ovariectomized rats fed with different calcium intakes (LB404)
Authors: Choi Mi‐Kyeong , Kim Hyun‐Jin , Kim Eun‐Jin , Kim Mi‐Hyun , Jung Ji‐Youn , Kang Myunghwa 
Published: June 2021

Several studies have reported that silicon (Si) supplementation improved bone mineral density in female OVX rats. However, how dietary Si affects bone status at the different calcium (Ca) intake levels is not well investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Si supplementation on bone status in ovariectomized rats fed with different Ca intakes. Eighty (72 ovariectomized, 8 sham operated) 8‐wk‐old Sprague‐Dawley female rats were divided into 10 groups (control, 3×3 factorial design) and fed diets with different intake levels of Ca (0.1%, 0.5%, 1.5% of diet) and Si (0.0005, 0.025, 0.075% of diet) for 15 weeks. There was no significant difference in feed intake and weight gain among the experimental groups. Serum ALP and IL‐1β were decreased according to increment of the Ca intake. However, the Si supplementation did not affect the serum levels of ALP, osteocalcin, CTx, and IL‐1β. The bone mineral density of the spine and femur in ovariectomized groups was significantly lower than that of the sham control group and highest in the adequate Ca group. The bone mineral density of the spine was the highest in the 0.025% Si‐supplemented group with adequate Ca intake. These results indicate that the effects of Si supplementation on bone status might differ according to the Ca intake levels in ovariectomized rats.Grant Funding Source: This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning [2011‐0010880]
Allium senescens L. Inhibits Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Production and Lipid Accumulation During Differentiation in 3T3‐L1 cells (LB408)
Authors: Kim Gun‐Hee , Choi Hye‐Young , Park Hee‐Sook 
Published: June 2021

Allium vegetables are rich in flavonols and organosulfur compounds, which have anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidant, anti‐cancer, prevention of cardiovascular system and tumor inhibitory properties. In Allium vegetables, however, only a few studies have been reported whether the effect on lipid accumulation is involved in the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Thus, Allium senescens L., one of the Allium vegetables, was used to show the effects of ROS production and lipid accumulation during adipogenesis in 3T3‐L1 cells. Our results indicated that DPPH (1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity of Allium senescens L. increased in a dose depnedent manner. The effects of Allium senescens L. on ROS production and lipid accumulation in 3T3‐L1 cells were evaluated by examining ROS‐regulating genes and adipogenic trascription factors at the molecular level. Allium senescens L. inhibited ROS production 21.47% at 100 μg/mL and decreased intracellular lipid accumulation by 46.17% at 100μg/mL during adipogenesis. Allium senescens L. inhibited the mRNA expression of pro‐oxidant enzymes, such as glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and leads to a reduction in the mRNA levels of the transcription factors, sterol regulatory element binding proteins 1c (SREBP1c), peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) γ, and CCAAT/enhancer‐binding proteins (C/EBP) α. This strudy showed that Allium senescens L. inhibited ROS production and lipid accumulation by controlling ROS regulating genes and adipogenic trascription factors in adipocytes. It represented that anti‐adipogenic properties of Allium senescensL. by inhibition of adipogenic gene expression mediated by ROS suppression through ROS‐related gene regulation. Thus, Allium senescens L. has potent natural antioxidant with anti‐adipogenic properties and provides useful data in the development of a potent anti‐obesity agent.Grant Funding Source: This work was supported by Priority Research Centers Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology(KNF‐2009‐0094017).
Label‐free imaging of the regenerating human periodontal ligament and gingival tissue using second harmonic generation confocal microscopy (LB41)
Authors: Cerutis D. Roselyn , Nichols Michael , Jenzer Andrew , Khan Shakeel , McVaney Timothy , Miyamoto Takanari , Kaldahl Wayne 
Published: June 2021

Surgical treatment interventions for treating periodontal disease all disrupt the collagenous structures (gingiva and periodontal ligament) that form the soft‐tissue supporting structures of teeth. We hypothesized that using the second harmonic generation (SHG) technique would enable detection of changes in the appearance, fibril density, and fibril organizational structure of the human periodontal ligament and gingiva during the regenerative process taking place following periodontal surgery. De‐identified archival unstained,de‐paraffinized histological sections (4μM) of teeth with surrounding hard and soft tissues (from normal or various stages of post‐surgical regenerating periodontal structures) were used. It was found that SHG clearly showed the normal organization and the subsequent changes in the collagen fibrils in normal vs.regenerating periodontal soft tissues. This multidisciplinary study shows that SHG can be effectively used to study the organization of collagen in the normal and regenerating periodontal ligament and surrounding gingival tissue. SHG could constitute a potentially useful technique for determining the efficacy of periodontal regenerative strategies, and for assessing / studying peri‐implantitis using punch biopsies.Grant Funding Source: INBRE/BRIN P20GM103427
Berry bioactive phenolics reduce DPP‐IV expression and increase insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells in vitro (LB412)
Authors: Johnson Michelle , DE MEJIA ELVIRA 
Published: June 2021

Berries are a rich source of bioactive phenolic compounds that are able to bind and inhibit the enzyme DPP‐IV, a current target for type‐2 diabetes therapy. The objective was to screen berry phenolic bioactive compounds to decrease DPP‐IV activity in vitro and determine the potential mechanism of action to increase insulin secretion. Blueberry extract reduced DPP‐IV activity in Caco‐2 cells by 31% after 8 h. Western blot analysis revealed a decrease in DPP‐IV protein expression of 78% ± 0.1 (p < 0.05) by this blueberry extract and of 44% ± 2.8 (p < 0.05) by anthocyanin (ANC) extracts from fermented blueberry‐blackberry beverages. ANC at 50 µM cyanidin‐3‐glucoside equivalents were also able to increase glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic iNS‐1E cells by 233 and 100 µIU insulin/mL directly and after epithelial transport, respectively. ANCs up‐regulated gene expression of incretin hormone GLP‐1 (fold‐change 2.4 ± 0.3), and genes in the insulin secretory pathway including iGF1R (1.6 ± 0.4), iGFBP1 (1.5 ± 0.2), iRS2 (1.4 ± 0.3) and iNS2 (1.3 ± 0.4). Also, PTP1B gene expression was down‐regulated (‐1.8 ± 0.1), a potential therapeutic target of type‐2 diabetes. In conclusion, bioactive compounds from berries have potential to reduce onset and progression of type‐2 diabetes through increased insulin secretion due to reduced DPP‐IV expression and up‐regulated insulin‐receptor associated proteins.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Vision 20/20
A calcium‐collagen chelate dietary supplement prevents bone loss in postmenopausal women with osteopenia (LB421)
Authors: Arjmandi Bahram , Elam Marcus , Johnson Sarah , Hooshmand Shirin , Gu Jennifer 
Published: June 2021

Menopause leads to an increased risk for osteoporosis in women. Although drug therapies exist, increasing numbers of people prefer natural therapies such as dietary supplements, e.g. calcium, vitamin D, and collagen, for the treatment of osteoporosis. We have previously shown that a three‐month intervention using a calcium‐collagen chelate dietary supplement (CC) was efficacious in improving bone mineral density (BMD) and reducing markers of bone turnover in osteopenic postmenopausal women. The present study reports the long‐term efficacy of CC in reducing bone loss in postmenopausal women with osteopenia. Thirty‐nine women were randomly assigned to receive either 5 g of CC containing 500 mg of elemental calcium in the form of calcium carbonate and 200 IU vitamin D (1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3) or 500 mg of calcium and 200 IU vitamin D (control). Total body BMD and BMD of the lumbar spine and hip were evaluated at baseline, six and twelve months using dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry. Blood was collected at baseline, six and twelve months to assess serum biomarkers of bone turnover using enzyme‐linked immunosorbant assay methods. Intention‐to‐treat analysis was performed using repeated measures ANOVA pairwise comparisons as well as multivariate analysis to assess time and group interactions. CC prevented the loss of whole body BMD (CC: ‐0.004 vs. control: ‐0.011; P < 0.05) at twelve months when compared to control. The CC group had reduced levels of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP5b) (P < 0.05) at six months and higher bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP)/TRAP5b concentrations (P < 0.05) at six and tended (P < 1.0) to be higher at twelve months whereas there were no changes in control. Sclerostin levels tended (P < 1.0) to be lower at six months in the CC group whereas there were no changes in control. These results support use of CC in attenuating the loss of bone mass in osteopenic postmenopausal women.Grant Funding Source: AIDP, Inc.
Comparison of measured basal metabolic rate and estimated basal metabolic rate calculated from body weight or lean body mass among lean young Japanese women (LB429)
Authors: Watanabe Yuka , Fujii Hisao 
Published: June 2021

[Introduction]In Japan, it is considered as a big problem that more than 20% of women in their 20s have a body mass index (BMI) less than 18.5 and fall into “lean.” In day‐to‐day scenes of nutritional management in Japan, basal metabolic rate (BMR) is indispensable to estimate energy requirements. However, calculation of dietary reference intakes for Japanese (Japan‐DRI) utilizing body weight (BW) is considered to cause estimate errors among lean persons. Previous studies have shown that lean body mass (LBM) are the most important factors among body compositions to determine BMR of lean young Japanese women.[Objective]The objective of this study was to compare Measured BMR with estimated BMR calculated from BW or LBM among lean young Japanese women.[Methods]Measured BMR was measured using the IHC in lean young Japanese women (n=19, 20.5±1.3years, BMI17.7±0.8 kg/m2). Estimated BMR was calculated using predicted equation based on BW (A: Japan‐DIR) or LBM (B: NIHN, C: Taguchi et al.) [Results and Conclusion]Measured BMR was significantly higher than all estimates. In addition, the regression line of B approximated the gradient where measured BMR coincides with estimated BMR. (A: r = 0.621, p < 0.001, y = 0.80x + 362; B: r = 0.680, p < 0.05, y = 1.01x + 35; C: r = 0.678, p < 0.001, y = 0.677x + 462). In conclusion, it was suggested that LBM are more useful than BW to estimate BMR of lean young Japanese women.
Swimming training restores the cardiac microRNA‐1, and ‐214 levels and cardiac contractility in rat after myocardial infarction (LB43)
Authors: Melo stéphano , Neves vander José , Fernandes Tiago , Oliveira Edilamar 
Published: June 2021

Myocardial infarction (MI) is accompanied by cardiac hypertrophy and ﬁbrosis related to ventricular compliance reduction. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding single stranded RNA molecules that regulate gene expression. The miRNA‐1, which target NCX and ‐214, which target Serca2a are involved in cardiac contractily. This study assessed the effects of swimming training (ST) on the cardiac miRNAs‐1 and ‐214 levels and ventricular function after MI. Male Wistar rats (n=6/group) were randomized into four groups: Control (CO), Training (TR), Control Infarcted (CI) Training Infarcted (TI). ST consisted of 60 min/days/5 days/week/10 week with 3% body overload began four weeks after the MI. Echocardiography was performed before and after the ST. MiRNAs analysis was performed by real‐time PCR in the Remote Myocardium (RM). The VO2max increased 38%in the TR compared with CO group and increased 14% in the TI compared with CI group. TI group decreased 15% the E/A ratio compared with CI group, showing improved ventricular compliance. Also, ST restored the cardiac shortening fraction in the TI group compared with CO group. MiRNA‐1 and ‐214 expression, respectively, were decreased (52%) and increased (54%) in the CI compared to the CO . However, ST increased (49%) and decreased (29%), respectively, the MiRNA‐1 and ‐214 expression in the TI compared to the CO . In this way, NCX and Serca2a were respectively decreased (36%) and increased (48%) in the TI compared to the CI. These results show that ST restored cardiac miRNA‐1 and ‐214 expression, which can be associate to the improved ventricular function, suggesting a mechanism for its potential therapeutic application in heart diseases.Grant Funding Source: Foundation for Research Support of the State of São Paulo ‐ FAPESP
Inhibition of angiotensin II increases hypothalamic thyroid hormone and stimulates orexigenic NPY/AgRP neurons (LB437)
Authors: Wang CHih‐Hong , Smithies Oliver , Takahashi Nobuyuki 
Published: June 2021

We have demonstrated that mice lacking renin (Ren1c ‐/‐) are lean and resistant to diet‐induced obesity, which is associated with increased energy expenditure and uncoupling proteins (UCPs) expression. Surprisingly, plasma catecholamine levels of Ren1c‐/‐ mice were similar to wild type (WT) mice, and their plasma total T3 and T4 were lower than those of WT, although they showed no obvious signs of hypothyroidism. We here investigate whether mice lacking renin display true hypothyroidism, and if so, the specific mechanism by which they develop it. The Ren1c‐/‐ mice have approximately 50% levels of free T3, freeT4 and TSH in the plasma, as well as reduced TRH expression in the hypothalamus compared to WT. Administration of TRH or angiotensin II (Ang II) both restored plasma TSH and thyroid hormones in the Ren1c‐/‐ mice, while these hormones were not affected by human renin, which stimulates mouse MAP kinases but does not cleave mouse angiotensinogen to Ang I. Moreover, the Ang II receptor blocker losartan decreased TRH, TSH, and thyroid hormones of WT mice to the levels similar to those in mice lacking renin. Furthermore, mice lacking renin and WT mice treated with losartan have significantly increased hypothalamic expression of type 2 deiodinase (Dio2), which converts T4 to the more potent T3, and have increased thyroid hormones in the hypothalamus, which likely inhibits TRH through feedback. Both mice lacking renin and WT mice treated with losartan have 3‐fold higher uncoupling protein‐2 (UCP2), orexigenic neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti‐related protein (AgRP), as well as 5‐fold lower anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene expression in the hypothalamus relative to untreated WT mice. In contrast, Ren1c‐/‐ mice treated with human renin had similar expression levels of these genes. These results suggest that the inhibition of Ang II not of Ang‐independent effects of renin causes hypothyroidism and enhances food intake, which likely decrease energy expenditure. We hypothesize that changes in gene expression of the hypothalamus do not contribute to increased energy expenditure of the Ren1c‐/‐ mice, and that hypothalamic hyperthyroidism feedback inhibits TRH, leading to systemic hypothyroidism. Caution should be paid to hypothyroidism when using high dose of inhibitors of the renin angiotensin system.Grant Funding Source: National Science Council: 102‐2320‐B‐009 ‐002 ‐MY3
Effects of enzyme co‐consumption with whey protein in adult males (LB442)
Authors: Maher Margaret , Kobs Lisa 
Published: June 2021

Whey protein supplements are used by athletes to promote muscle protein synthesis and reduce protein degradation and may also benefit persons with muscle wasting conditions. Unfortunately, digestion of whey protein may liberate short peptides that can cause immune‐mediated gastrointestinal (GI) distress. Co‐consumption of whey with enzymes may result in smaller and less immunogenic peptides. In this study, sixteen males (ages 18‐27 years) consumed whey only (WO) and whey plus enzymes (WE) in a randomized cross‐over design. Subjects underwent 6‐day dietary preconditioning with standard meals supplied to them (approximately 2300 kcal, 44% carbohydrate; 21% protein; and 35% fat). Following a 12‐hour fast prior to each treatment trial, serum was collected before (time 0) and 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after consumption of WO or WE. Serum was analyzed for amino acids, insulin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and C‐reactive protein (CRP). Subjects also completed a brief survey assessing GI symptoms at approximately 4 hours. Two‐way repeated measures statistics, with within factors of time and treatment (WO and WE) and between factor of treatment order were performed. Areas under curves were also analyzed with paired samples T‐tests. There were significant time and treatment effects with several amino acids and time by treatment by order effects for a few. An expected increase (p<0.016) in insulin and BUN following supplement consumption was observed but there was no difference in the insulin or BUN response between WO and WE. CRP levels were highly variable across subjects. CRP decreased (p<0.048) over time with WE, while there was no significant change in CRP over time with WO. Co‐consumption of whey with enzymes results in altered amino acid appearance and/or disposal in serum and may reduce acute stress as measured through CRP. No significant impact of either WO or WE on GI symptoms was observed in this sample.Grant Funding Source: Supported by a grant from Deerland Enzymes Inc.
Acarbose effects on energy balance, body composition, and tissues: A caloric restriction mimetic? (LB448)
Authors: Brewer Rachel , Miyasaki Nathan , Smith Daniel 
Published: June 2021

A recent study has shown that administration of acarbose (ACA), an α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase inhibitor approved for use in type 2 diabetes, led to increased lifespan in mice. The mechanism for this lifespan increase is unclear; however, by reducing carbohydrate metabolism, we hypothesize that ACA acts in a manner similar to caloric restriction. To test this hypothesis, a six‐month dose‐response study was performed in both male and female C57BL/6J mice treated with ACA. Groups of mice (n=9‐10) received diet with ACA at doses of 0.05% (low), 0.1% (medium), or 0.15% (high), as well as a no‐dose control. High‐dose ACA administration in male mice led to 10% lower body weight (p<0.01) and >50% smaller fat depot size (p<0.001) versus control, with similar decreases in both visceral and subcutaneous depots and no significant difference in lean mass. Total energy expenditure and activity were not different between groups, while respiratory exchange ratio tended to be lower with high‐dose ACA administration (p=0.06). In contrast to body weight, a 50% increase in food intake was observed with high‐dose ACA (p<0.001), along with a >300% increase in fecal output wet weight (p<0.001). Both small and large intestine increased >20% (p<0.001), while total filled caecum wet weight increased by >200% (p<0.001). Female mice responded similarly to males (excluding body weight differences), with a dose dependent response for multiple measures in both sexes. Similar to caloric restriction, ACA administration led to smaller fat depot size and lower body weight, though gastrointestinal changes suggest alterations to carbohydrate metabolism independent of traditional caloric restriction. Comparisons with glycemic matched diets and total caloric restriction are being further investigated.Grant Funding Source: Supported by The Ellison Medical Foundation New Scholar in Aging Award (D. Smith), UAB Neuroscience Behavioral Assessment Core (P30 NS47466), and UAB Small Animal Phenotyping Core (P30 DK056336)
Diet and nutritional status of middle aged and elderly residents of Urumqi community (LB455)
Authors: Han Jia , LI Cai Hong , Yuan Qian Qian , Xu Shu , Chen Roujin , Abuduli Wuhuliayi , Xiaerpi Wueryetiguli 
Published: June 2021

Objective A community‐based study was undertaken in two communities to assess the diet and nutritional status of middle‐aged and elderly residents of Urumqi, Xinjiang. Methods The 24‐hour food intake method combined with food frequency questionnaire were used to evaluate the food intake of 579 middle‐aged and elderly residents aged 40‐76 years.Results The major type of food for the residents surveyed was plant‐based foods. Intakes of cereals, vegetables, fruits, poultry and eggs either reached or nearly reached with narrow margins the standards set by the Chinese Food Guide Pagoda (2007). However, intakes of fat and salt were 39.0g /d and 12.1g/d respectively, exceeding the recommendations of Chinese Food Guide Pagoda. Energy intakes from protein and fat were 15.9% and 38.2%, respectively, higher than recommendations. Carbohydrates‐derived energy was however below the recommended ratio (45.9%). Average intake level of calcium was 614.7mg/d, well below the RNI(Recommended Nutrient Intake). Although iron intake reached the RNI , 77.1% of iron was derived from plant foods. There was no statistical difference between genders. Conclusion The dietary status of middle‐aged and elderly residents of Urumqi community based on intakes of macronutrients and select micronutrients was not satisfactory according to the Chinese Food Guide Pagoda. There is a need for improving the quality of the diet and nutrition education of these residents, particularly from the perspective of chronic disease prevention.[Key words] middle‐aged and elderly residents; dietary intake; nutrientsGrant Funding Source: Supported by NSFC