bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REDUCING SALT ADDED TO CEREAL-BASED FOODS - A POSSIBLE CONTEXT SPECIFIC STRATEGY FOR ACHIEVING SALT REDUCTION IN INDIA
Authors: Shivashankar Roopa , Garg Vandana , Santos Joseph Alvin , Johnson Claire , Rogers Kris , Raj Thout Sudhir , Gupta Priti , Amarchand Ritivk , Krishnan Anand , Prabhakaran Dorairaj , Mohan Sailesh 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
Reducing dietary salt consumption is one of the World Health Organization's best buys. In India, about 80% of dietary salt comes from added salt during cooking at home or at table. In this study, we assessed whether or not adding salt to cereal-based foods such as roti or rice, which comprise the main staple food, is associated with higher salt intake in India.

Design and method:
We used population-based representative data from India collected during 2013-14. We estimated daily salt intake among 651 North and 540 South Indian adult participants who provided complete 24-hour urine samples. Participants were asked how many days a week salt was added to dough or rice cooked at home. We stratified the responses ‘0 days’ as ‘NO added salt’ and the responses ‘1–7’ as ‘added salt’. We did linear regression of sodium intake and added salt to dough and rice after adjusting for age, gender, and residence.

Results:
Salt was added to dough and rice at least once a week in 67% and 62% of North India and 62% and 12% in South India, respectively. Salt intake was significantly higher among participants who added salt to the dough (8.09 vs. 7.03 gm compared those who did not) in North India. No association was found with added salt to rice in North India and to dough or rice in South India and urinary sodium excretion. (Table 1)

Conclusions:
Roti and cooked rice are the most frequently consumed staple cereal-based foods in North and South India, respectively. Tailored public health messages on not adding salt to staple cereal-based foods, particularly to rotis in North India may contribute to salt reduction in India.
CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES WITH SODIUM-GLUCOSE CO-TRANSPORTER-2 INHIBITORS IN ASIANS: AN UPDATED META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Patoulias Dimitrios , Katsimardou Alexandra , Imprialos Konstantinos , Stavropoulos Konstantinos , Toumpourleka Maria , Koutsampasopoulos Konstantinos , Mavridou Maria , Siskos Fotios , Papadopoulos Christodoulos , Doumas Michael 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
Asians represent an emerging and growing population worldwide, facing the hazardous epidemic of cardiovascular disease (CVD) during the last decades. They experience increased prevalence rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a co-morbidity that inevitably augments CVD incidence and mortality, and all-cause mortality. Therefore, appropriate treatment strategy is required.

Design and method:
We searched PubMed from its inception to 28 September 2020. We sought to determine the effect of SGLT-2 inhibitors on cardiovascular outcomes of interest in Asians utilizing data from the “hallmark” cardiovascular outcome trials, extracting data concerning Asian patients, as reported across the selected studies. We set as primary efficacy outcome the composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke, as defined across all the selected cardiovascular outcome trials, and as secondary efficacy outcome the composite of hospitalization for heart failure (HF) worsening and cardiovascular death.

Results:
SGLT-2 inhibitor treatment resulted in a non-significant decrease in the odds for the primary composite efficacy outcome (OR = 0.90, 95% CI; 0.70 to 1.16, I2 = 35%). Regarding the secondary efficacy outcome, it was shown that SGLT-2 inhibitor treatment led to a significant decrease equal to 27% (OR = 0.73, 95% CI; 0.54 to 0.97, I2 = 58%), which was primarily driven by the results observed in the dedicated HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) trials. More specifically, we demonstrated that SGLT-2 inhibitor treatment did not induce a significant decrease in the odds for HF hospitalization or CV death across the cardiovascular outcome trials (OR = 0.86, 95% CI; 0.56 to 1.33, I2 = 59%), while it produced a significant result when we pooled the data from the DAPA-HF and the EMPEROR-Reduced trials (OR = 0.58, 95% CI; 0.46 to 0.74, I2 = 0%).

Conclusions:
SGLT-2 inhibitors can confer to cardiovascular risk reduction in Asians, especially those suffering from concomitant HFrEF.
RELATION BETWEEN NOISE ANNOYANCE, STRESS HORMONES AND THE RENAL HEMODYNAMIC
Authors: Bosch Agnes , Kannenkeril Dennis , Rauh Manfred , Ott Christian , Striepe Kristina , Jung Susanne , Kolwelter Julie , Schmieder Roland E. 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
Our previous studies showed that healthy men subjectively annoyed by every day noise showed lower renal plasma flow and higher renal vascular resistance compared to not annoyed men. We now further explored the pathophysiological mechanisms of this finding by analysing relations between noise annoyance and chronic stress hormones in healthy men.

Design and method:
We analysed the renal hemodynamic in 80 healthy men using steady state input clearance with infusion of paraaminohippuric acid and inulin, respectively. Intraglomerular pressure and resistances of the afferent (RA) and efferent (RE) arterioles were calculated according to the Gomez equation. Fasting morning cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sultate (DHEA-S) were also measured. All study participants ranked subjective annoyance due to noise in everyday life on a 7 grade likert scale. The median of all rankings was used as cut off point to divide the group into annoyed and non-annoyed subjects.

Results:
Even though annoyed subjects (n = 32) showed lower renal plasma flow (635 ± 96 vs 685 ± 116 ml/min, p = 0.039) and higher renal vascular resistance (77.4 ± 15 vs 70.0 ± 14 (mmHg/(ml/min)), p = 0.033) compared to not-annoyed subjects (n = 46) there was no difference in serum cortisol and DHEA-S between the groups (table 1). However, there was a correlation between serum cortisol and glomerular filtration rate (r = 0.345, p = 0.002) as well as renal plasma flow (r = 0.408, p < 0.001), and an inverse correlation between serum cortisol and renal vascular resistance (r = -0.420, p < 0.001), resistance of the vas afferens (r = -0.376, p = 0.001) and resistance of the vas efferens (r = -0.441, p < 0.001) in the total healthy study population. There was also an inverse correlation between DHEA-S and resistance of the vas efferens (r = -0.409, p < 0.001) in the total healthy study population.

Conclusions:
Annoyance due to noise in everyday life was not associated with an increased level of chronic stress hormones. However, our data suggests a relation between chronic stress hormones and impaired renal function. Chronic stress may trigger early renal vascular changes potentially leading to hypertension.
TREATMENT WITH BETA-BLOCKERS IS ASSOCIAT TREATMENT WITH BETA-BLOCKERS IS ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASED RISK FOR DEPRESSION AND ASTHENIA IN PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH COGNITIVE DISORDERS
Authors: Riemer Thomas , Herzer Laura , Mailahn Jakob , Lohse Andrea , Fuentes Linda Elizabeth Villagomez , Bermpohl Felix , Kreutz Reinhold 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
Beta-blockers (BB) are among the most frequently prescribed medications worldwide. In the past, their potential to induce depression has been discussed controversially, and heterogeneous results have been published. We hypothesized that possible reasons for this heterogeneity may be differences in (1) the classification of patient-reported symptoms as “depression”, (2) the ability to pass the blood-brain-barrier for different BB, and (3) cerebral vulnerability of the exposed patients. In our study, we investigate the influence of BB use on two different cardinal symptoms of depression, depressive mood and asthenia. Furthermore, we examine whether the magnitude of these symptoms is moderated by the lipophilia of the BB and by the presence of dementia in Alzheimer's disease (DAT) as an indicator of cerebral damage. Design and Method: In this retrospective monocentric study we evaluated 196 patients aged 55 to 89 years who were admitted in our outpatient clinic for cognitive disorders. The sample included 98 users of BB, of whom 60 were diagnosed with DAT and 38 had subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) but inconspicuous results in neuropsychological testing and cerebral imaging. Furthermore, 13 patients had comorbid depression. A set of 98 non-users of BB was randomly matched to the BB users based on demographic parameters (gender, age, educational level) and psychiatric diagnoses. Depressive mood and asthenia were measured using subscores of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS).

Design and method:
We found a significant association between BB use and the GDS subscores for both asthenia and depressive mood, with higher values in BB users than in non-users (2.83 vs. 1.96; p < 0.01 and 2.39 vs. 1.62; p < 0.05). The risk was not affected by lipophilia status of BB (high vs. moderate) or cognitive diagnosis (DAT vs. SCI). Conclusion: The magnitude of both asthenia and depressive mood was distinctly higher in users of BB. Neither lipophilia of BB nor presence of DAT substantially influenced symptoms. In patients presenting with cognitive disorders on a BB medication, BB should be critically evaluated as possible etiology of asthenia and depressive mood.
ACETATE AMELIORATES GLUCOSE DYSREGULATION AND NEUROBEHAVIOURAL DEFICIT IN DEXAMETHASONE PLUS SCOPOLAMINE-TREATED MICE: GUT-HEART-BRAIN CROSSTALK
Authors: Michael Olugbenga , Adedayo Lawrence , Bamidele Olubayode , Morakinyo Amos , Awobajo Funmileyi 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
Cardiometabolic disorders have been shown to be associated with the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases but the mechanisms are elusive. There is increasing evidence that the gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) plays key role in mediating the beneficial effects of the gut microbiome in maintenance of host health. This study was designed to investigate whether SCFA, acetate, would mitigate dexamethasone plus scopolamine-induced dysmetabolism and cognitive decline.

Design and method:
Male mice (n = 6/group) received (p.o.) vehicle, dexamethasone with scopolamine (DEX; 0.2 mg/kg + SC; 3.0 mg/kg), DEX+SC with sodium acetate (ACE; 200 mg/kg) and DEX+SC with donepezil hydrochloride (DP; 1.0 mg/kg) for 7 days. Morris water maze was used to examine spatial learning and memory while Y-maze was used to determine working and cognitive memory respectively. Oral glucose tolerance test was carried.

Results:
Degenerative changes such as weight loss, reduced exploratory/working memory, frontal-dependent motor deficits, cognitive decline, memory dysfunction and anxiety during behavioural assessments were noticed in DEX+SC-treated mice compared to control. Furthermore, DEX+SC treatment led to impaired glucose tolerance, elevated 1-hour postload glucose response and increased triglyceride-glucose index. Likewise oxidative impairment was indicated by depleted plasma, cardiac and brain glutathione reductase, nitric oxide and elevated lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde). Cholinergic deficits characterized by increased neural acetylcholinestrase (AChE) expression and elevated uric acid, lactate dehydrogenase, lactate the plasma, cardiac and neural tissues of the DEX+SC-treated mice further implied cardiac dysfunction alongside the degenerative changes. Consequently, proteolysis was evident by observed diminshed Nissl profiles in axons and dendrites of neurons which correspond to apoptotic changes observed in H&E staining of prefrontal cortex and hippocampal sections.

Conclusions:
Interestingly, ACE treatment ameliorated the DEX+SC-induced behavioural deficits and cardiometabolic dysfunctions in mice. The effects of ACE treatment were comparable to the DP in DEX+SC-treated rats. Hence, ACE prevents neural and cardiac oxidative damage, behavioural deficits and glucose deregulation. Furthermore, ACE could be a potential AChE inhibitor. These findings suggest that the gut microbiota-derived SCFA, acetate, would be a cost effective therapeutic target for inhibition of neuro-cardiac degenerative processes and behavioural deficits through the gut-heart-brain crosstalk
SHORT-TERM BLOOD PRESSURE VARIABILITY WAS ASSOCIATED WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN HEART FAILURE WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION
Authors: Komori Takahiro , Hoshide Satoshi , Kario Kazuomi 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
We previously reported that abnormal circadian blood pressure (BP) rhythm, a riser BP rhythm in which nocturnal BP exceeds awake BP was associated with cognitive impairment (CI) in heart failure (HF) patients. However, it is not clear that the short-term BP variability (BPV) was associated with cognitive impairment (CI) in HF patients.

Design and method:
We enrolled 416 hospitalized HF patients and performed ambulatory BP measurement (ABPM) and mini-mental state examination (MMSE). Cognitive impairment (CI) was defined as MMSE score <26.

Results:
HF with CI was significantly older, higher frequency of female, lower BMI, higer prevalence of HFpEF, higher LVM index than HF without CI. With regard to BP parameters, HF with CI was significantly higher BP variability than HF without CI. In multivariable logistic regression analysis to investigate the association between CI and BP variability, riser BP pattern and SD of sleep DBP (per 5mmHg) were significantly associated with CI (Odds ratio 2.58, 95%CI 1.51–4.43, p < 0.01, Odds ratio 1.45, 95%CI 1.12–1.87, p < 0.01, respectively).

Conclusions:
Nocturnal short-term BPV and riser BP pattern were associated with CI in HF patients. Hemodynamic abnormality during night should be paid attention not to impaired cognitive function in HF.
THE ASSOCIATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE VARIABILITY WITH DEMENTIA AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: De Heus Rianne , Tully Phillip , Consortium Na Variable Brain 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
A body of empirical work demonstrates that high within-individual blood pressure variability (BPV) holds prognostic value to predict stroke and transient ischemic attack. The magnitude of association between BPV and other neurological outcomes remains less clear. We aimed to summarise the current evidence on whether BPV is associated to dementia and cognitive impairment in healthy older adults.

Design and method:
Electronic databases were searched for full text articles and conference abstracts in English. Prospective and cross-sectional cohort studies or clinical trials in adults without cognitive impairment at baseline were eligible. Measures of BPV included any metric over any duration (i.e. visit-to-visit BPV, day-to-day BPV, 24-hour BPV), but not day-night patterns. Outcomes included: 1. incident dementia, 2. cognitive impairment (change in cognition over time), 3. the combined endpoint of dementia and cognitive impairment, and 4. cognitive function (cross-sectional studies). If the association of mean BP with the study outcome was reported, this was extracted as well, to compare to prognostic ability of BPV with mean BP.

Results:
After screening of the initial search of 2214 references, 40 papers were included. Seven studies assessed incident dementia, 12 assessed cognitive impairment and 23 assessed cognitive function. The majority of studies assessed visit-to-visit BPV (n = 23), followed by 24-hour BPV (n = 14) and day-to-day BPV (n = 3). Increased systolic BPV was associated with the combined endpoint of dementia and cognitive impairment (odds ratio [OR] 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14–1.35), however mean systolic BP was not (OR = 1.13, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.45). There was no evidence of heterogeneity between BPV and mean systolic BP effect sizes (p = 0.47 for comparison, I2 = 0%). Results for diastolic BP(V) were similar. Meta-analysis for all outcomes will be available in May 2020 at the conference.

Conclusions:
On the basis of the available studies, high fluctuations in systolic BP were associated with cognitive impairment. However, there was large methodological and statistical heterogeneity among studies. To clarify whether BPV is an independent risk factor for dementia and cognitive impairment, future work should involve an individual participant data meta-analysis to overcome heterogeneity in analytical approaches.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HYPERTENSION AND CHILD BURNS
Authors: Zahidi Hatim Amine , Anass Maaroufi , Mehdi Aqli , Hajar Bendahou , Imad Nouamou , Salim Arous , Ghali Bennouna , Drighil Abdenacer , Leila Azzouzi , Habbal Rachida 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective:
Although systemic arterial hypertension has been recognized as a common complication of thermal injury. In children, its pathophysiological characteristics have not been defined. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of hypertension in such patients and identify the risk factors for its development and its influence on the clinical outcome.

Design and method:
We conducted a retrospective study in the national burn center of the Hospital University IBN ROCHD of Casablanca between September 2019 and January 2020 including 120 childs suffering from different types of burns.

Results:
24 patients developed hypertension (20%) wich occurred most frequently in boys and in the age group of 7 to 12 years. The incidence increases with the severity of the burn up to a total surface area of 40%. Four of the 30 patients developed hypertensive encephalopathy and epileptic seizures.
We didn’t found any correlation between hypertension and mortality in our study. And according to our results hypertension could not be related to the location of the burn, drug treatment or differences in transfusions.

Conclusions:
Monitoring daily blood pressure showed that hypertension is limited to the phase treatment of burns and blood pressure levels normalized after complete autologous transplantation. Encephalopathy and seizure problems seek the need for careful monitoring of blood pressure and effective antihypertensive therapy in children with burns.
ARTERIAL STIFFNESS AND LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION IN CHILDREN WITH PRIMARY HYPERTENSION
Authors: Skrzypczyk Piotr , Ofiara Anna , Zacharzewska Anna , Szyszka Michal , Panczyk-Tomaszewska Malgorzata 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective:
In last years, numerous associations between immune system and pathogenesis of primary hypertension (PH) have been revealed. Also, experimental and adult data suggest that inflammation plays a major role in arteries stiffening. The aim of the study was to assess relation between low-grade inflammation and arterial damage in children with PH.

Design and method:
In the group of 119 pediatric patients with PH (14.94 ± 2.76 years, 86 boys, 33 girls) and 45 healthy children (14.91 ± 2.69 years, 27 boys, 18 d girls) we analyzed parameters of low-grade inflammation: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and mean platelet volume (MPV), peripheral office blood pressure, ABPM, central blood pressure, parameters of arterial damage: aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) [m/s], [Z-score], augmentation index (AIx75HR [%]), common carotid artery intima media thickness (cIMT) [mm], [Z-score], carotid artery stiffness (E-tracking), and clinical and biochemical parameters.

Results:
Children with PH had higher NLR (1.93 ± 1.52 vs. 1.32 ± 0.44, p = 0.010), PLR (131.39 ± 41.87 vs. 114.68 ± 37.60, p = 0.020), MAP 24 h Z-score in ABPM (1.34 ± 1.38 vs. 0.43 ± 0.49, p = 0.002), aortic systolic blood pressure (AoSBP) (110.44 ± 9.95 vs. 101.50 ± 8.99 [mm Hg], p < 0.001), aPWV (5.36 ± 0.88 vs. 4.88 ± 0.92 [m/s], p = 0.004) and cIMT (0.46 ± 0.07 vs. 0.43 ± 0.07 [mm], p = 0.002) compared to healthy children. In children with PH NLR correlated (p < 0.05) positively with systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure in ABPM (r = 0,24, r = 0,22, r = 0,25), with aPWV [m/s], [Z-score] (r = 0,24, r = 0,20) and pulse wave velocity in carotid artery (PWVbeta) [m/s] (r = 0.20); no such correlations were found in healthy children. NLR, PLR, and MPV did not correlate with cIMT, age, and sex in either of the groups.

Conclusions:
In pediatric patients with primary hypertension arterial stiffness is related to degree of low-grade
OBESITY AMONG TEENAGERS AND IT'S RELATION WITH HYPERTENSION IN BAHRAIN
Authors: Alsaid Jafar , Nawaz Nada , Alsharif Fadia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective:
To determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among teenagers in Bahrain as part of raising awareness on this matter. The correlation with gender, age, waist and Hypertension was tested. Central obesity as compared to BMI estimation was assessed and their prevalence within both genders were evaluated.

Design and method:
This is a cross sectional, prospective study to screen for obesity prevalence among teenagers in Bahrain. Students attending middle and high schools where the target sample.
A specific date was scheduled for each school. A group of physicians and nurses measured and registered the height, weight, waist circumference and blood pressure for all the students between 6th till the 12th grades. The study was started in May 2015 and these data are inclusive until Dec. 2018.
Independent factors correlated with high BMI were assessed in univariate as well as multivariate correlations. Difference between central obesity and BMI was analyzed as well as different prevalence among genders.

Results:
The total number of the students included were 2742 from 14 schools.
After testing the correlation of the independent variables with BMI, we found that gender, waist circumference, Systolic pressure, Diastolic pressure, Pulse pressure, mean arterial pressure and Pulse rate were significantly correlated with BMI.
Calculating a multivariate linear regression equation, including the significant independent variables, mentioned above, in relation to BMI revealed that gender, waist and pulse rate were the only significant variables. However, systolic, diastolic, pulse pressure, and MAP were not significantly correlated. The coefficient of determination, R square, was 0.26 for this model.

Conclusions:
A significant difference was noticed between genders in relation to central obesity, which was more prevalent among females, while a BMI classified obesity were more common among males. Gender, waist and pulse rate were significantly related to BMI. The BP was not related to BMI.