bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of GLP-1 in the postprandial effects of acarbose in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Dalsgaard Niels B , Gasbjerg Lærke S , Hansen Laura S , Hansen Nina L , Stensen Signe , Hartmann Bolette , Rehfeld Jens F , Holst Jens J , Vilsbøll Tina , Knop Filip K 
Published: January 2021

Aims
The alpha-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose is believed to reduce plasma glucose by delaying hydrolysis of carbohydrates. Acarbose-induced transfer of carbohydrates to the distal parts of the intestine increases circulating glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). Using the GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin(9–39)NH2, we investigated the effect of acarbose-induced GLP-1 secretion on postprandial glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods
In a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover study, 15 participants with metformin-treated type 2 diabetes (age: 57–85 years, HbA1c: 40–74 mmol/mol) were subjected to two 14-day treatment periods with acarbose or placebo, respectively, separated by a 6-week wash-out period. At the end of each period, two randomized 4-h liquid mixed meal tests with concomitant infusion of exendin(9–39)NH2 and saline, respectively, were performed.

Results
Compared to placebo, acarbose increased postprandial GLP-1 concentrations and decreased postprandial glucose. We observed no absolute difference in the exendin(9–39)NH2-induced increase in postprandial glucose excursions between placebo and acarbose periods, but relatively, postprandial glucose was increased by 119 ± 116% (mean ± s.d.) during exendin(9–39)NH2 infusion in the acarbose period vs a 39 ± 27% increase during the placebo period (P = 0.0163).

Conclusions
We confirm that acarbose treatment stimulates postprandial GLP-1 secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes. Using exendin(9–39)NH2, we did not see an impact of acarbose-induced GLP-1 secretion on absolute measures of postprandial glucose tolerance, but relatively, the effect of exendin(9–39)NH2 was most pronounced during acarbose treatment.
Prevalence and outcome of dysnatremia in patients with COVID-19 compared to controls
Authors: Atila Cihan , Sailer Clara O , Bassetti Stefano , Tschudin-Sutter Sarah , Bingisser Roland , Siegemund Martin , Osswald Stefan , Rentsch Katharina , Rueegg Marco , Schaerli Sabrina , Kuster Gabriela M , Twerenbold Raphael , Christ-Crain Mirjam 
Published: January 2021

Objective
The pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has rapidly spread globally and infected millions of people. The prevalence and prognostic impact of dysnatremia in COVID-19 is inconclusive. Therefore, we investigated the prevalence and outcome of dysnatremia in COVID-19.

Design
The prospective, observational, cohort study included consecutive patients with clinical suspicion of COVID-19 triaged to a Swiss Emergency Department between March and July 2020.

Methods
Collected data included clinical, laboratory and disease severity scoring parameters on admission. COVID-19 cases were identified based on a positive nasopharyngeal swab test for SARS-CoV-2, patients with a negative swab test served as controls. The primary analysis was to assess the prognostic impact of dysnatremia on 30-day mortality using a cox proportional hazard model.

Results
172 (17%) cases with COVID-19 and 849 (83%) controls were included. Patients with COVID-19 showed a higher prevalence of hyponatremia compared to controls (28.1% vs 17.5%, P < 0.001); while comparable for hypernatremia (2.9% vs 2.1%, P = 0.34). In COVID-19 but not in controls, hyponatremia was associated with a higher 30-day mortality (HR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.10–16.62, P = 0.05). In both groups, hypernatremia on admission was associated with higher 30-day mortality (COVID-19 - HR: 11.5, 95% CI: 5.00–26.43, P < 0.001; controls - HR: 5.3, 95% CI: 1.60–17.64, P = 0.006). In both groups, hyponatremia and hypernatremia were significantly associated with adverse outcome, for example, intensive care unit admission, longer hospitalization and mechanical ventilation.

Conclusion
Our results underline the importance of dysnatremia as predictive marker in COVID-19. Treating physicians should be aware of appropriate treatment measures to be taken for patients with COVID-19 and dysnatremia.
Zone pAth Construction (ZAC) based Approaches for Effective Real-Time Ridesharing
Authors: Lowalekar Meghna , Varakantham Pradeep , Jaillet Patrick 
Published: January 2021

Real-time ridesharing systems such as UberPool, Lyft Line and GrabShare have become hugely popular as they reduce the costs for customers, improve per trip revenue for drivers and reduce traffic on the roads by grouping customers with similar itineraries. The key challenge in these systems is to group the “right” requests to travel together in the “right” available vehicles in real-time, so that the objective (e.g., requests served, revenue or delay) is optimized. This challenge has been addressed in existing work by: (i) generating as many relevant feasible combinations of requests (with respect to the available delay for customers) as possible in real-time; and then (ii) optimizing assignment of the feasible request combinations to vehicles. Since the number of request combinations increases exponentially with the increase in vehicle capacity and number of requests, unfortunately, such approaches have to employ ad hoc heuristics to identify a subset of request combinations for assignment.
Our key contribution is in developing approaches that employ zone (abstraction of individual locations) paths instead of request combinations. Zone paths allow for generation of significantly more “relevant” combinations (in comparison to ad hoc heuristics) in real-time than competing approaches due to two reasons: (i) Each zone path can typically represent multiple request combinations; (ii) Zone paths are generated using a combination of offline and online methods. Specifically, we contribute both myopic (ridesharing assignment focussed on current requests only) and non-myopic (ridesharing assignment considers impact on expected future requests) approaches that employ zone paths. In our experimental results, we demonstrate that our myopic approach outperforms the current best myopic approach for ridesharing on both real-world and synthetic datasets (with respect to both objective and runtime). We also show that our non-myopic approach obtains 14.7% improvement over existing myopic approach. Our non-myopic approach gets improvements of up to 12.48% over a recent non-myopic approach, NeurADP. Even when NeurADP is allowed to optimize learning over test settings, results largely remain comparable except in a couple of cases, where NeurADP performs better.
Observations on Skaldic Rime Usage with Special Reference to the Dunhent and Liðhent Varieties of Dróttkvætt
Authors: Hollander Lee M. 
Published: January 2021

Since the investigations of Konráð Gíslason, Bernhard Kahle and Hjalmar Falk nothing has appeared on Skaldic rime usage. Later authors on Old Germanic, and specifically Old Norse, verse technique add virtually nothing on this aspect of Skaldic art. Indeed, as in anatomy, little seems left to do here. The present study was suggested by an intensive reading of Einar Helgason's Vellekla, preparatory to translating it; when the observation obtruded itself that a remarkable use of interlinear hendings is made in this poem. In his commentary on it, Finnur Jónsson has this to say:(digtet) har et par eíendommeligheder at opvise, navnlig mangel på rim i nogle af de ulige linjer samt en åbenbar forkærlighed for en rimstilling, der kaldes dunhent (en slags assonans mellem en linjes slutning og den fϕlgendes begyndelse). Bægge dele kan være en efterligning af en tidligere tidsrums digte, og det er i så henseende oplysende, at af alle skjalde er Einar den eneste, som ligefrem siges at have været namgjarn (). Han havde sikkert “studeret sine klassikere” blandt skjaldene. I de ældste digte, f.ex. Brages, þjóðólfs og i nogle af Egils vers findes netop de nævnte ting, ganske vist af andre grunde end hos Einar; således er dunhent hos dem nærmest at betragte som en erstatning for eller et tillϕb til regelmæssige linjerim. . . .
The Quintessence of Idealism; Or, the Slaves of Duty
Authors: Nethercot Arthur H. 
Published: January 2021

When, in 1879, W. S. Gilbert had his Pirate King of Penzance advise the unhappy hero, “Frederic, if you conscientiously feel that it is your duty to destroy us, we cannot blame you for acting on that conviction. Always act in accordance with the dictates of your conscience, my boy, and chance the consequences,” the Pirate Apprentice who expected soon to be out of his indentures found himself in a world as generally obsessed with the sense of duty as he was himself. It is true that only with considerable difficulty did he find “one maiden breast” which felt the moral beauty “Of making worldly interest/Subordinate to sense of duty,” but the Pirate King had plenty of other support for his conscientious philosophy. Not only was he joined by the somewhat weathered Ruth, but even the Sergeant of Police, remembering his own obligations when constabulary duty's to be done, forgave Frederic his tergiversation when reminded that the undependable young man, however queerly he behaved, had always been actuated by his sense of duty. And even Mabel, faced with the loss of her lover, announced proudly to the police force, “Dearly as I loved him before, his heroic sacrifice to his sense of duty has endeared him to me tenfold. He has done his duty. I will do mine. Go ye and do yours.” Nevertheless, poor Frederic remained the victim rather than the master of his convictions; he suffered ceaseless spiritual tortures under the admonitions of the Stern Daughter of the Voice of God, and at one critical point exclaimed:Oh joy unbounded !Oh sweet relief ! oh rapture unexampled !At last I may atone, in some slight measure,For the repeated acts of theft and pillageOf which, at a sense of duty's stern dictation,I, circumstances' victim, have been guilty.
The Marital Dilemma in the Wife of Bath's Tale
Authors: Schlauch Margaret 
Published: January 2021

Confronted with his fabulously ugly wife after an unwelcome marriage ceremony, Chaucer's hero in the Wife of Bath's Tale receives from her a bit of consolation as ineffective as it is irrefutable. True it is, she says, that I am foul and old, but consider that for this very reason you need never fear that I shall cuckold you:D 1215 “For filthe and eelde, also moot I theeBeen gret wardeyns upon chastitee.“
The Precarious Balance of John Marston
Authors: Schoenbaum Samuel 
Published: January 2021

In the first act of The Malcontent, the best known play of John Marston, Pietro is informed that his wife is engaged in an adulterous relationship with the usurping duke, Mendoza. Pietro's informant is Malevole, who is not content with a simple presentation of the facts. Instead, he taunts the foolish old man with a brutal account of the infamy of cuckoldom, tortures him with a lurid description of the wife's lascivious thoughts, suggests, finally, the possibility of unwitting incest:Mal. Nay thinke, but thinke what may proceede of this, Adultery is often the mother of incest.Piet. Incest.Mal. Yes incest: marke, Mendozo of his wife begets perchance a daughter: Mendozo dies. His son marries this daughter. Say you? Nay tis frequent, not onely probable, but no question often acted, whilst ignorance, fearelesse ignorance claspes his owne seede.Piet. Hydeous imagination. (i.iii, pp. 149-150)
Modern Literary Manuscripts in the Morgan Library
Authors: Boyce George K. , Library Pierpont Morgan 
Published: January 2021

The Pierpont Morgan Library divides its manuscripts, somewhat arbitrarily, into two principal groups, the “Medieval and Renaissance” and the “Autograph.” Though neither term correctly describes all the materials classified in its group, the division serves well enough to distinguish the handwritten books of the period prior to the spread of printing from the more varied manuscripts of the modern era.The Morgan “Autographs” comprise the originals of literary and historical writings (with some others of primarily artistic, musical, philosophical, or scientific interest), all letters, and all documents save only those which are in effect illuminated manuscripts. Among these “Autographs” are many manuscripts which are not strictly autograph at all: some are original, though not in the author's hand (Book i of Paradise Lost being an illustrious example of this class, which includes many letters and most documents); others are copies which, for one reason or another, have a particular importance (manuscripts of Crashaw, Sterne, or Keats, for example).
“Grateful Vicissitude” in Paradise Lost
Authors: Summers Joseph H. 
Published: January 2021

Milton's casual use of the word “vicissitude” provides a simple measure of our differences from him and of our difficulty with his epic. At the opening of Book VI of Paradise Lost occurs a descriptive passage of relaxed intensity:There is a CaveWithin the Mount of God, fast by his Throne,Where light and darkness in perpetual roundLodge and dislodge by turns, which makes through Heav'nGrateful vicissitude, like Day and Night. (4-8)The phrase “Grateful vicissitude” delays or shocks almost any modern reader, for whatever our dictionary-makers say, it has been many years since “vicissitude” was used in ordinary English speech or writing in other than a pejorative sense. In Paradise Lost, however, “vicissitude” is always “grateful;” it is change, variety, movement, the mark of vitality and joy characteristic of both the divine and the human master artist's work. We cannot properly read the poem unless we can share imaginatively, at least for the moment, Milton's conception.
International experience of public administration development: What can we learn from other countries?
Authors: Serhiivna Izbash Kateryna , Balamush Mariana Anatoliivna , Denysyuk Stanislav , Miroshnychenko Serhiy Serhiyovich 
Published: January 2021

Objective: The purpose of the article is to analyze the study and the international experience of public administration in order to find the most effective one for Ukraine.
Methodology: While writing the article, the following methods were used: Logical, semantic, documentary analysis, and comparative legal.
Findings: Both positive and negative aspects of borrowing the international experience of developed countries in the field of public administration are considered in the article. The emphasis is placed on the importance of creating an effective system of public administration in the state as a mandatory requirement for its successful functioning. All activities of public authorities are based on the quality of public administration. First of all, these are the processes of organizing management activities and establishing reliable control over it. The definitions of “public administration” and “development of public administration” are provided.
Conclusions: It is concluded that the importance of qualitative study of the positive experience of other countries in the field of public administration will save a lot of time and effort in creating similar processes in their own country, avoiding the mistakes of predecessors. They are based on a thorough study of the formulated strategies and ideas that have been successfully put into practice.
Maximum Entropy Niche Modelling to Estimate the Potential Distribution of Phytophthora megakarya (Brasier & M. J. Griffin) in Tropical Regions
Authors: Obiakara Maxwell , Etaware Peter , Chukwuka Kanayo 
Published: January 2021

Background: Phytophthora megakarya is an invasive pathogen endemic to Central and West Africa. This species causes the most devastating form of black pod disease. Despite the deleterious impacts of this disease on cocoa production, there is no information on the geographic distribution of P. megakarya.
Aim: In this study, we investigated the potential geographic distribution of P. megakarya in cocoa-producing regions of the world using ecological niche modelling.
Methods: Occurrence records of P. megakarya in Central and West Africa were compiled from published studies. We selected relevant climatic and edaphic predictor variables in the indigenous range of this species to generate 14 datasets of climate-only, soil-only, and a combination of both data types. For each dataset, we calibrated 100 candidate MaxEnt models using 20 regularisation multiplier values and five feature classes. The best model was selected from statistically significant candidates with an omission rate ≤ 5% and the lowest Akaike Information Criterion corrected for small sample sizes, and projected onto cocoa-producing regions in Southeast Asia, Central and South America. The risk of extrapolation in model transfer was measured using the mobility-oriented parity (MOP) metric.
Results: We found an optimal goodness-of-fit and complexity for candidate models incorporating both climate and soil data. Predictions of the model with the best performance showed that nearly all of Central Africa, especially areas in Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, and southern Cameroon are at risk of black pod disease. In West Africa, suitable environments were observed along the Atlantic coast, from southern Nigeria to Gambia. Our analysis suggested that P. megakarya is capable of subsisting outside its native range, at least in terms of climatic and edaphic factors. Model projections identified likely suitable areas, especially in Brazil and Colombia, from southwestern Mexico down to Panama, and across the Caribbean islands in the Americas, and in Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Papua New Guinea in Asia and adjacent areas
Conclusion: The outcomes of this study would be useful for developing measures aimed at preventing the spread of this pathogen in the tropics.
The Frequency and Related Factors of Internet Addiction in Externship and Internship Students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 2018
Authors: Danaei Mina , Akbar Rohani Ali , Sajadi Ali , Momeni Mohsen 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Internet addiction is a global phenomenon with an increasing trend in university students. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and factors affecting internet addiction in externship and internship medical students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2018.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on externship and internship medical students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2018 during a 6-month period using convenience sampling method. In this study, the valid and reliable self-administered questionnaire of “Kimberly-Young internet addiction questionnaire” was used to collect the research data. The attainable scores in this questionnaire range from 20 to 100, so that higher scores show greater dependence on the Internet. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20 using the Chi-square test. A significant level was set at lower than 0.05.
Results: Among the participants, 46 participants (18.4%) were normal users, 127 (50.8%) were at risk, and 77 (30.8%) were addicted to the Internet. Among the demographic factors, a significant relationship was found between gender (p = 0.041) and educational level (p = 0.024) with Internet addiction.
Conclusion: policymakers should pay particular attention to the issue of Internet addiction in medical students, since Internet addiction may cause these students to neglect their critical duties during externship and internship. In this regard, holding effective training courses can be helpful.
Evaluation of GNMT Gene Expression in Prostate Cancer Tissues using Real-Time PCR
Authors: Dehghani Niloofar , Salehipour Masoud , Javanmard Babak 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In the present study, the expression level of glycine N-methyl transferase gene (GNMT) was investigated in prostate cancer tissue. The GNMT enzyme is encoded by the GNMT gene. Increased GNMT gene expression increases the conversion of glycine to sarcosine and results in the elevated levels of sarcosine in blood and urine.
Methods: The expression level of GNMT gene in tissue samples of patients with prostate cancer was compared with those with benign prostatic hyperplasia using Real-Time PCR technique.
Results: The GNMT gene expression level increased significantly in prostate cancer patients compared with those with benign prostatic hyperplasia (p-value <0.001). In addition, the expression level of GNMT gene was stage-dependent and significant increases were observed in all stages of prostate cancer compared with those with benign prostatic hyperplasia (p-value <0.001).
Conclusion: The concentration of sarcosine is controlled by GNMT and it seems that increasing the expression level of GNMT gene increases the level of sarcosine concentration. Thus, it appears that increased levels of GNMT expression occur in the early stages of prostate cancer. Therefore, periodic measurement of GNMT expression levels can detect prostate cancer before it forms a cancer cell and invades other tissues.
Integração de sistemas de gerenciamento ERP para contribuição na gestão do conhecimento empresarial
Authors: Araújo Valdemilson , Scafuto Isabel Cristina 
Published: January 2021

Objetivo do estudo: Entender como o gerenciamento de projetos contribuiu para a implementação e integração de dois sistemas ERP, com o intuito de melhorar a padronização da Gestão do Conhecimento dessas empresas.Metodologia/abordagem: A abordagem utilizada para o estudo será de natureza qualitativa e, como método, será aplicado uma pesquisa de campo com o uso de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Também serão coletados dados secundários das empresas, como, documentos que fizeram parte do processo de implementação e, também o referencial teórico que dará suporte para as análises. Assim, será possível realizar a triangulação dos dados. Os dados, após serem coletados, serão analisados com o auxílio do software MAXQDA.Originalidade/Relevância: O estudo se justifica por apresentar uma aplicação prática da gestão de projetos na implementação do software ERP em duas empresas distintas e, uma confirmação empírica da relação entre os temas.Principais resultados: Demonstram que a gestão de projetos usada de maneira profissional e não intuitiva colabora com um bom andamento do projeto. Ao contrário, usada sem rigor metodológico acarreta desordem no projeto. E que a implementação do sistema ERP para a gestão do conhecimento, corroborando com a literatura, realmente implica numa melhor estratégia proporcionando vantagem competitiva para a empresa.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: O estudo contribui com a relação da gestão do conhecimento e a gestão de projetos de implementação de software ERP que foram testadas empiricamente, indo ao encontro dos autores abordados.Contribuições sociais para a gestão: Contribui como um guia das melhores práticas para os gestores de projetos de gestão de conhecimento.
Application of recurrent and deep neural networks in classification tasks
Authors: De Campos Lidio Mauro Lima , Duarte Danilo Souza 
Published: January 2021

As Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNAs) tem sido utilizadas nas soluções de variados problemas, dentre eles, os que envolvem tomada de decisões. Neste escopo, o objetivo desta pesquisa é apresentar uma ferramenta que dê suporte ao processo de decisão para seleção de cultivares de vinho e avaliação de carros, por meio da utilização de RNAs multilayer perceptron, profundas e recorrentes. Verificando-se sua eficácia e a melhor convergência, por meio do Modelo de Validação Cruzada. Os resultados elencados indicam a eficiência da técnica, para ambos os problemas, haja vista que a capacidade de generalização das RNAs testadas para o dataset wine foi em média de 85,58% utilizando a arquitetura de 3 camadas, 86,58% para a rede profunda e 93,53% para a rede recorrente, e para o dataset car evaluation foi em média de 93,71% utilizando a rede recorrente.