bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dispersal Patterns of Largemouth Bass and Smallmouth Bass Following Early-, Mid-, and Late-Season Fishing Tournaments in an Eastern Ontario Lake
Authors: Abrams Alice E. I. , Zolderdo A. J. , Lédée Elodie J. I. , Lawrence Michael J. , Holder Peter E. , Cooke Steven J. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Black bass fishing tournaments with conventional weigh-ins tend to displace fish from their capture site and often release fish within close proximity to the weigh-in site. Tournaments often include Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides and Smallmouth Bass M. dolomieu and occur throughout fishing seasons; however, there have yet to be any systematic congeneric comparisons across different seasons. Objectives of our study were to (1) assess post-tournament dispersal of Largemouth Bass and Smallmouth Bass (i.e., short-term stockpiling—accumulation of fish around weigh-in site &lt;1 month after tournament) across seasons, and (2) determine the success of return to the main basin. Research took place on Big Rideau Lake in eastern Ontario and included a preseason control (N = 30) where fish were captured, acoustically tagged, and released at the site of tournament weigh-in (Rideau Ferry). Tournament-caught bass (N = 88 total) were tagged at three tournaments that spanned June (early season), August (midseason), and October (late season). Our results indicated a brief short-term stockpiling (within 300 m) in all seasons, and all detected fish eventually returned to the main basin. Tournament-caught Largemouth Bass tended to take longer to disperse from the release site following the midseason tournament (4.6 d); Smallmouth Bass tended to disperse from release site &lt;1 d following all treatments. Similarly, tournament-caught Largemouth Bass exposed to the midseason tournament tended to take the longest to redistribute to the main basin (238 d) in comparison to other treatments. Although Smallmouth Bass tended to redistribute to the main basin faster than Largemouth Bass, late-season Smallmouth Bass tended to redistribute the slowest (101 d) following tournament release. Although fish do survive and eventually return to the main basin, displacement may have broader ecological consequences (i.e., large-scale displacement of top predators, adverse effects on recruitment) such that there would be merit in more catch–weigh–release formatted events.
Hot‐carrier solar cells and improved types using wide‐bandgap energy‐selective contacts
Authors: Takeda Yasuhiko 
Published: August 2021

AbstractI evaluated conversion efficiency of hot‐carrier solar cells (HC‐SCs) of the original type and two improved types: an HC‐SC with intraband transition (HC‐SC+intra) and an intermediate‐band‐assisted HC‐SC (IB‐HC‐SC) that utilize sub‐bandgap photons. For this purpose, three realistic points of great importance were involved in the newly constructed detailed‐balance model: Shockley–Read–Hall (SRH) recombination of photogenerated carriers, characteristics of the energy‐selective contacts (ESCs), and solar spectrum variation. I have revealed that the HC‐SC+intra and IB‐HC‐SC can potentially yield annual electricity production comparable to those of triple‐junction and quad‐junction solar cells (3J‐ and 4J‐SCs) when sub‐bandgap photons are almost perfectly absorbed. The ESCs consisting of wide‐bandgap layers extract the photogenerated carriers more rapidly owing to their larger conductance and consequently yield higher conversion efficiency than the ESCs using resonant tunneling diodes composed of quantum dots and quantum wells. This, in turn, enables the use of an absorber with a short SRH recombination time of the carriers. In other words, the efficiency is less sensitive to SRH recombination than those of the 3J‐ and 4J‐SCs. In particular, for the IB‐HC‐SC, the requisite of the SRH recombination time is 1 ns, and that of the thermalization time is 0.1 ns; the latter is an order of magnitude shorter than the previous requisite. These HC‐SCs are more robust against the solar spectrum variation because they are free from the current‐matching problem unlike the 3J‐ and 4J‐SCs, which also contributes to the large annual electricity production.
The role of depression and other psychological factors in work ability among breast cancer survivors in Australia
Authors: Kim Seon‐Young , Kissane David W. , Richardson Gary , Senior Jenny , Morgan Joanna , Gregory Peter , Birks Sarah , Ooi Corinne , Lipton Lara , Antill Yoland , Vereker Melissa , Michael Natasha , Bobevski Irene 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveIdentifying modifiable factors affecting work ability among cancer survivors is important. The primary aim of the present study was to examine the effects of depression and related psychological factors on work ability among breast cancer survivors in Australia.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional electronic and postal survey, Australian breast cancer survivors were investigated. Work status and conditions before and after cancer treatment were analysed. Work ability was measured using the Work Limitation Questionnaire©‐Short Form (WLQ‐SF) with its four domains (time management, physical tasks, mental‐interpersonal tasks, and output tasks). Three psychological factors were investigated: depression, fear of cancer recurrence, and demoralisation. Sociodemographic and clinical data were also collected. Multivariate regression analysis was used to identify the associations of psychological factors with WLQ‐SF.ResultsAmong eligible survivors, 310 (50%) responded to the survey and were analysed. Nearly one third reported their work conditions had changed after cancer treatment. The depressed group reported limited work ability in 35%–44% of the four domains of WLQ‐SF, while the non‐depressed group reported limited work ability in only 8%–13%. At‐work productivity loss was approximately fourfold higher in the depressed group than in the non‐depressed group. In multivariate analysis, at‐work productivity loss was associated with depression, demoralisation, and past history of anxiety.ConclusionsAfter breast cancer treatment, work conditions changed toward lower wages and working hours. Depression, demoralisation, and past history of anxiety were associated with lower work ability. Further evaluations of work rehabilitation in breast cancer survivors are warranted.
Quantum‐Gravitational Trans‐Planckian Radiation by a Rotating Black Hole
Authors: Nurmagambetov A. J. , Park I. Y. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe recently studied the energy behavior of a quantum‐corrected time‐dependent black hole. The system analyzed was a quantum‐corrected Kerr solution that settles down to a stationary configuration as the time dependence fades out. A trans‐Planckian energy scaling in the vicinity of the event horizon resulted, and we proposed the trans‐Planckian radiation to be the missing link in the glowing mechanism of active galactic nuclei. The main goal of the present work is to examine the scaling and structure of the radiation by analyzing the quantum momentum density. We again observe a trans‐Planckian behavior. Furthermore, the momentum density displays structures that are indicative of a disk‐like configuration near the equator and a collimated outflow of matter from the poles. The bipolar outflow (disk‐like structure) should be an essential part of the underlying mechanism for jets (accretion disks) of active galactic nuclei.
The frequency and types of violence experienced by Australian sonographers from patients and visitors: A pilot study
Authors: Lloyd‐Jones Chelsey , Kennedy Narelle June , Quinton Ann Elizabeth , Bligh Larissa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionThere is paucity of literature examining violence against sonographers. The aim of this research was to provide insight into the frequency and types of violence from patients and visitors against sonographers in Australia.MethodsAustralian Accredited Sonographers who had worked clinically in the past 12 months were invited to participate in a cross‐sectional survey. Responses from the closed and open‐ended questions are reported as number (percentage) or grouped into categories based on similarity for analysis.ResultsThere were 33 participants in this study, of which 19/33 (57.6%) had experienced at least one form of violence (physical, verbal or threatening behaviour) in the previous 12 months. Verbal abuse was the most frequent form of violence experienced by sonographers 19/33 (57.6%), followed by threatening behaviour 7/33 (21.2%) and physical violence 1/33 (3%). Sonographers attributed the violence to long waiting times, patient stress and anxiety, communication issues and patient mental illness.ConclusionViolence is a concern for sonographers. Awareness of violence against sonographers may provide a safer working environment for sonographers and patients. Further research with larger numbers is required to validate the results of this study.
Methods of pretreatment and their impacts on anaerobic codigestion of multifeedstocks: A review
Authors: Rabii Anahita , Koupaie Ehssan Hosseini , Aldin Saad , Dahman Yaser , Elbeshbishy Elsayed 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAnaerobic codigestion (AnCoD) has attracted attention owing to its advantages over conventional anaerobic digestion, and attempts are still going on to develop methods for improving the efficiency of this technology. Mostly, addition of cosubstrates without applying a proper pretreatment cannot adequately enhance the performance of the digestion. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive study on different pretreatment methods specific to the wide range of cosubstrates. This review aimed to (i) categorize pretreatment techniques that have been developed for improving AnCoD, (ii) present the results of the studies on the effect of pretreatment on improving AnCoD, and (iii) provide a comparison between pretreatment methods and their application for different types of cosubstrates. The findings primarily validated the influence of pretreatment to enhance the process by increasing biodegradability, improved hydrolysis, reduced hydraulic retention time (HRT), and improved methane production. The five main categories of pretreatment employed in codigestion included the following: mechanical, thermal, chemical, biological, and hybrid pretreatment. Among them, mechanical and biological pretreatment have the most and least application in codigestion, respectively. Greater efforts are required on the application of biological pretreatment and cost–benefit analysis of different pretreatment options on the variety of the cosubstrates.Practitioner Points

Pretreatment can significantly enhance biomethane production in anaerobic digestion
Anaerobic codigestion along with pretreatment can further enhance the conventional anaerobic digestion of single feedstock
Mechanical and biological methods have been the most and least practiced pretreatment options
Selection of applicable pretreatment option to enhance methane production is subject to the type of cosubstrates in the system
There is a research gap in evaluating the application of biological pretreatment for various types of cosubstrates
A fast and reliable method for monitoring genomic instability in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Nicolai Merle Marie , Witt Barbara , Hartwig Andrea , Schwerdtle Tanja , Bornhorst Julia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe identification of genotoxic agents and their potential for genotoxic alterations in an organism is crucial for risk assessment and approval procedures of the chemical and pharmaceutical industry. Classically, testing strategies for DNA or chromosomal damage focus on in vitro and in vivo (mainly rodent) investigations. In cell culture systems, the alkaline unwinding (AU) assay is one of the well-established methods for detecting the percentage of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). By establishing a reliable lysis protocol, and further optimization of the AU assay for the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), we provided a new tool for genotoxicity testing in the niche between in vitro and rodent experiments. The method is intended to complement existing testing strategies by a multicellular organism, which allows higher predictability of genotoxic potential compared to in vitro cell line or bacterial investigations, before utilizing in vivo (rodent) investigations. This also allows working within the 3R concept (reduction, refinement, and replacement of animal experiments), by reducing and possibly replacing animal testing. Validation with known genotoxic agents (bleomycin (BLM) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBOOH)) proved the method to be meaningful, reproducible, and feasible for high-throughput genotoxicity testing, and especially preliminary screening.
Identification of 20 polymer types by means of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and chemometrics
Authors: Gajarska Zuzana , Brunnbauer Lukas , Lohninger Hans , Limbeck Andreas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOver the past few years, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has earned a lot of attention in the field of online polymer identification. Unlike the well-established near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR), LIBS analysis is not limited by the sample thickness or color and therefore seems to be a promising candidate for this task. Nevertheless, the similar elemental composition of most polymers results in high similarity of their LIBS spectra, which makes their discrimination challenging. To address this problem, we developed a novel chemometric strategy based on a systematic optimization of two factors influencing the discrimination ability: the set of experimental conditions (laser energy, gate delay, and atmosphere) employed for the LIBS analysis and the set of spectral variables used as a basis for the polymer discrimination. In the process, a novel concept of spectral descriptors was used to extract chemically relevant information from the polymer spectra, cluster purity based on the k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) was established as a suitable tool for monitoring the extent of cluster overlaps and an in-house designed random forest (RDF) experiment combined with a cluster purity–governed forward selection algorithm was employed to identify spectral variables with the greatest relevance for polymer identification. Using this approach, it was possible to discriminate among 20 virgin polymer types, which is the highest number reported in the literature so far. Additionally, using the optimized experimental conditions and data evaluation, robust discrimination performance could be achieved even with polymer samples containing carbon black or other common additives, which hints at an applicability of the developed approach to real-life samples.Graphical abstract
Ethik in der agilen Software-Entwicklung
Authors: Pretschner Alexander , Zuber Niina , Gogoll Jan , Kacianka Severin , Nida-Rümelin Julian 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungNicht erst seit der anstehenden EU-Gesetzgebung zur Regulation von Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) spielt die Berücksichtigung und Verwirklichung von Normen und Werten in technischen Systemen eine wesentliche Rolle. In diesem Aufsatz zeigen wir, dass, warum und wie agile Entwicklungsmethoden wie Scrum hervorragend geeignet sind, Werte in die Softwareentwicklung und in Softwareprodukte einzubetten; wie ein Entwickler so seine individuelle Verantwortung wahrnehmen kann; und wie die Diskussion um Ethik in der KI, auf Software allgemein erweitert, letztlich einen nächsten Schritt auf dem europäischen Weg zur digitalen Souveränität bedeuten kann.
NPP-ID: Non-Pollen Palynomorph Image Database as a research and educational platform
Authors: Shumilovskikh Lyudmila S. , Shumilovskikh Elena S. , Schlütz Frank , van Geel Bas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNon-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs) form a large group of biological objects found in palynological slides besides pollen grains. This includes various remains of algae and fungi, shells, resting stages and eggs of invertebrates, among others. Publications of NPP-types started in the 1970s with studies of BvG and colleagues, and large numbers of new types continue to be published every year. For an overview of this diverse world of “extra fossils”, we created the Non-Pollen Palynomorph Image Database (NPP-ID) to gather NPP knowledge, structured by acronyms and known taxonomy to assist identification and palaeoecological interpretation (https://nonpollenpalynomorphs.tsu.ru/). An integral part is a database of illustrations, descriptions and ecological background of NPPs. While numerical data are routinely stored in open access repositories, the NPP-ID enables the definitions, identification and interpretation of the NPP taxa to be shared. The NPP-ID operates as an open research project aiming to provide open access to descriptions and illustrations of NPPs. However, due to publication rights, access to some original images is restricted and registration by users is required. We encourage palynologists to contribute to the further growth of the database by uploading their own microphotographs or drawings under an open access license. Contributors will be acknowledged by co-authorship in publications on updates of the NPP-ID.
Evaluation of a new 12 km regional perturbed parameter ensemble over Europe
Authors: Tucker Simon O. , Kendon Elizabeth J. , Bellouin Nicolas , Buonomo Erasmo , Johnson Ben , Murphy James M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe evaluate a 12-member perturbed parameter ensemble of regional climate simulations over Europe at 12 km resolution, carried out as part of the UK Climate Projections (UKCP) project. This ensemble is formed by varying uncertain parameters within the model physics, allowing uncertainty in future projections due to climate modelling uncertainty to be explored in a systematic way. We focus on present day performance both compared to observations, and consistency with the driving global ensemble. Daily and seasonal temperature and precipitation are evaluated as two variables commonly used in impacts assessments. For precipitation we find that downscaling, even whilst within the convection-parameterised regime, generally improves daily precipitation, but not everywhere. In summer, the underestimation of dry day frequency is worse in the regional ensemble than in the driving simulations. For temperature we find that the regional ensemble inherits a large wintertime cold bias from the global model, however downscaling reduces this bias. The largest bias reduction is in daily winter cold temperature extremes. In summer the regional ensemble is cooler and wetter than the driving global models, and we examine cloud and radiation diagnostics to understand the causes of the differences. We also use a low-resolution regional simulation to determine whether the differences are a consequence of resolution, or due to other configuration differences, with the predominant configuration difference being the treatment of aerosols. We find that use of the EasyAerosol scheme in the regional model, which aims to approximate the aerosol effects in the driving model, causes reduced temperatures by around 0.5 K over Eastern Europe in Summer, and warming of a similar magnitude over France and Germany in Winter, relative to the impact of interactive aerosol in the global runs. Precipitation is also increased in these regions. Overall, we find that the regional model is consistent with the global model, but with a typically better representation of daily extremes and consequently we have higher confidence in its projections of their future change.
Giant cell tumor of bone in an eighteenth-century Italian mummy
Authors: Ventura Luca , Petrella Enrico , Piciucchi Sara , Cilli Elisabetta , Luiselli Donata , Feeney Robin N. M. , Traversari Mirko 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGiant cell tumor (GCT) of the bone is a locally aggressive and rarely metastasizing neoplasm. It is composed of neoplastic mononuclear stromal cells with a monotonous appearance admixed with macrophages and osteoclast-like giant cells. In a small subset of cases, GCT is malignant. Terminology previously related to this entity, and which is no longer supported by the World Health Organization, includes osteoclastoma and benign fibrous histiocytoma (BFH). Giant cells occur in numerous other pathologic conditions of the bone, which accounts for the misrepresentation of these non-GCT tumors in the early literature. Non-ossifying fibroma (NOF), aneurysmal bone cyst, and chondroblastoma have been erroneously labeled GCT for this reason. A single description of an ancient GCT was reported by Brothwell and Sandison and subsequently mentioned by Aufderheide and Rodrìguez-Martìn who were astonished that more of these tumors had not been identified in archaeological cases. To the best of our knowledge, no other cases of ancient GCT have been cited in the paleopathology literature. The study of this type of neoplasm in antiquity can be used as a means to better understand its characteristics and behavior and to expand the depth of time of the etiology of these lesions. We report a case of GCT of the left femur observed following the total body CT imaging of a partially mummified adult female, dating to eighteenth century.
Peritumoral edema status of glioblastoma identifies patients reaching long-term disease control with specific progression patterns after tumor resection and high-dose proton boost
Authors: Liang Hsiang-Kuang Tony , Mizumoto Masashi , Ishikawa Eiichi , Matsuda Masahide , Tanaka Keiichi , Kohzuki Hidehiro , Numajiri Haruko , Oshiro Yoshiko , Okumura Toshiyuki , Matsumura Akira , Sakurai Hideyuki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundGlioblastoma peritumoral edema (PE) extent is associated with survival and progression pattern after tumor resection and radiotherapy (RT). To increase tumor control, proton beam was adopted to give high-dose boost (> 90 Gy). However, the correlation between PE extent and prognosis of glioblastoma after postoperative high-dose proton boost (HDPB) therapy stays unknown. We intend to utilize the PE status to classify the survival and progression patterns.MethodsPatients receiving HDPB (96.6 GyE) were retrospectively evaluated. Limited peritumoral edema (LPE) was defined as PE extent < 3 cm with a ratio of PE extent to tumor maximum diameter of < 0.75. Extended progressive disease (EPD) was defined as progression of tumors extending > 1 cm from the tumor bed edge.ResultsAfter long-term follow-up (median 88.7, range 63.6–113.8 months) for surviving patients with (n = 13) and without (n = 32) LPE, the median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 77.2 vs. 16.7 months (p = 0.004) and 13.6 vs. 8.6 months (p = 0.02), respectively. In multivariate analyses combined with factors of performance, age, tumor maximum diameter, and tumor resection extent, LPE remained a significant factor for favorable OS and PFS. The rates of 5-year complete response, EPD, and distant metastasis with and without LPE were 38.5% vs. 3.2% (p = 0.005), 7.7% vs. 40.6% (p = 0.04), and 0% vs. 34.4% (p = 0.02), respectively.ConclusionsThe LPE status effectively identified patients with relative long-term control and specific progression patterns after postoperative HDPB for glioblastoma.