bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Electrochemical Performance of Smart Self‐Powered Bionic Skin Fragment Based on Bioelectricity Generation
Authors: Dai Hanqing , Chen Yuanyuan , Dai Wenqing , Hu Zhe , Xie Fengxian , Xu Wenqian , Cui Zhongjie , Wei Xian , Chen Zhihao , Yang Bobo , Zhang Wanlu , Wei Wei , Guo Ruiqian , Zhang Guoqi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHuman skin, with beneficial elasticity and reparability, could sense the changes of the external environment through different receptors. Imitating these mechanical properties and perception of bionic skin with power supply function is an enormous challenge in the field of Internet of things and artificial intelligence. Herein, the neural signal transmission of human skin is imitated to create a smart self‐powered bionic skin fragment integrating skin and power supply functions. Unlike the traditional bionic skin in essence, it can intelligently perceive the outside world by using anion‐selective and cation‐selective gels to control exchangeable anions and cations to realize the change of resting current and action current, and it can maintain the relatively stable self‐powered current of 0.5 µA for nearly 2.2 h. Moreover, its mechanisms of current and voltage changes are systematically investigated. These results reveal that it can be applied to the synchronous transmission of signals for the next‐generation neurologically integrated soft engineering systems such as bionic sensors, or prosthetic devices in hybrids of living and nonliving systems.
Tensor Holographic Metasurface Using Addition Theory to Independently Manipulate Orthogonally Polarized Bessel Beams
Authors: Shen Yizhu , Xue Song , Yang Jiawei , Hu Sanming 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA tensor holographic metasurface is proposed, to independently manipulate nondiffractive beams with orthogonal polarization and flexible propagation direction. To theoretically analyze the proposed topology, addition theory is developed to modulate surface impedance using tensor cells. Moreover, a polynomial formula is derived to express the equivalent surface impedance of tensor unit cells for pattern generation. To validate this concept, a tensor holographic metasurface is designed, fabricated, and measured. The well‐matched simulation and measurement results show that, for the first time, the proposed holographic metasurface with tensor unit‐cells, simultaneously generates two Bessel beams, not only with orthogonal polarization, but also with expected propagation direction rather than fixed along the broadside. Moreover, the proposed topology is promising to manipulate multiple beams not limited to two Bessel beams.
Spectroscopic models for real‐time monitoring of cell culture processes using spatiotemporal just‐in‐time Gaussian processes
Authors: Tulsyan Aditya , Khodabandehlou Hamid , Wang Tony , Schorner Gregg , Coufal Myra , Undey Cenk 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSpectroscopic methods play an instrumental role in the implementation of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration outlined process analytical technology for biopharmaceutical manufacturing. Industrial spectroscopic calibration models are typically developed in an offline setting using traditional methods, such as partial least squares and principal component regression. Apart from the limiting performances of these conventional models under time‐varying operating conditions, these methods require access to extensive historical data, which are seldom available in biopharmaceutical manufacturing. In this article, we propose a novel spatiotemporal just‐in‐time learning (ST‐JITL) based spectroscopic model calibration platform for automatic training and maintenance of calibration models using routine batch data. The proposed ST‐JITL framework uses Gaussian processes (GPs) for local model calibration. A GP model not only exhibits superior performance over traditional methods but also provides credibility intervals around the model predictions. The efficacy of the ST‐JITL based model calibration platform is demonstrated in predicting the critical performance parameters of an industrial cell culture process.
Au(III) extraction using ketone compounds with physical properties superior to current commercial extractants
Authors: Oshima Tatsuya , Miyake Kota 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDibutyl carbitol (DBC) and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) are commercially available for the extraction of Au(III) from acidic chloride media through ion solvation. These extractants show high Au(III) extractability, but their physical properties have drawbacks in extraction processes. In this study, Au(III) extraction using a series of aliphatic ketone compounds was studied to find a novel extractant with advantageous properties compared with conventional extractants. These ketone compounds showed desirable Au(III) extractability, with those bearing shorter aliphatic chains showing higher extractability. Furthermore, their Au(III) extraction capacities exceeded industrial requirements. These compounds also had improved properties for metal processing compared with commercial extractants, namely, lower solubility in water, lower viscosity, and high flash points. A representative extractant, 2‐nonanone, selectively extracted Au(III) over various metal ions. Gold extracted with 2‐nonanone was recovered quantitatively as metallic gold by reduction using oxalic acid.
Fast versus turbulent fluidization of Geldart Group B particles
Authors: Chew Jia Wei , Cocco Ray A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBoth fast and turbulent fluidized beds exhibit entrainment, but the differences in the flow phenomena are not well understood. This study targeted a comparative analysis of the cluster (or streamer), mass flux, and segregation datasets from these two fluidization regimes. The particle systems were narrow particle size distributions (PSDs), binary mixtures, or broad PSDs of Geldart Group B particles. Relative to the fast fluidized bed, the turbulent bed exhibited (i) higher cluster probability and frequency, but lower cluster duration; (ii) lower local mass flux; and (iii) similar segregation extents. Regarding clusters, the relative dominance of the variables on probability was similar for both regimes, but there was a difference for probability and frequency. For overall mass flux, particle‐related properties were more dominant with the turbulent bed. As for segregation, the radial position was the most influential in the fast fluidized bed, but the least in the turbulent one.
Dinaphtho[1,8‐bc:1′,8′‐fg][1,5]dithiocine Bisimide
Authors: Tanaka Yuki , Tajima Keita , Fukui Norihito , Shinokubo Hiroshi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractV‐shaped π‐systems are attractive research targets in organic chemistry and materials science. Our group has recently demonstrated that the conceptual insertion of a heteroatom into a perylene bisimide (PBI) core is an effective guideline for the design of non‐planar PBI derivatives. Here we report the synthesis and properties of dinaphtho[1,8‐bc:1′,8′‐fg][1,5]dithiocine bisimide (DNDTBI), which represents a doubly sulfur‐inserted PBI derivative. The X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that DNDTBI adopted a V‐shaped structure with a dihedral angle of 67°. DNDTBI exhibited higher electron‐donating ability than singly sulfur‐inserted PBI derivative owing to the antibonding interaction between the two neighboring sulfur atoms. The inversion barrier of the flipping motion of DNDTBI was ca. 30 kcal mol−1, indicating the rigid nature of the V‐shaped structure.
Medieval injuries: Skeletal trauma as an indicator of past living conditions and hazard risk in Cambridge, England
Authors: Dittmar Jenna M. , Mitchell Piers D. , Cessford Craig , Inskip Sarah A. , Robb John E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo explore how medieval living conditions, occupation, and an individual's role within society impacted their risk of skeletal trauma.MaterialsThe skeletal remains of 314 individuals from medieval Cambridge that were buried in the parish cemetery of All Saints by the Castle (n = 84), the Augustinian friary (n = 75), and the cemetery of the Hospital of St John the Evangelist (n = 155) were analyzed.MethodsMacroscopic examination and plain radiographs were used to classify fracture type. The causative mechanisms and forces applied to a bone were inferred based on fracture morphology.ResultsThe skeletal trauma observed represents accidental injuries, likely sustained through occupational or everyday activities, and violence. The highest prevalence rate was observed on the individuals buried at All Saints by the Castle (44%,n= 37/84), and the lowest was seen at the Hospital of St John (27%,n= 42/155). Fractures were more prevalent in males (40%,n= 57/143) than females (26%,n= 25/95).ConclusionsSkeletal trauma was highest in All Saints parish burial ground, indicating that the poor, whether working urban or rurally, had the highest risk of injury. The pattern and types of fractures observed suggests that males experienced more severe traumatic events than females. However, females that were routinely involved in manual labor were also at increased risk of injury.SignificanceThis article enhances our understanding of how traumatic injuries differed by age, sex, and burial locations in the medieval period.Further researchAdditional comparative studies in different geographical regions are needed to determine how representative these findings are.
Oxidative Indole Dearomatization for Asymmetric Furoindoline Synthesis by a Flavin‐Dependent Monooxygenase Involved in the Biosynthesis of Bicyclic Thiopeptide Thiostrepton
Authors: Lin Zhi , Xue Yufeng , Liang Xiao‐Wei , Wang Jian , Lin Shuangjun , Tao Jiang , You Shu‐Li , Liu Wen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe interest in indole dearomatization, which serves as a useful tool in the total synthesis of related alkaloid natural products, has recently been renewed with the intention of developing new methods efficient in both yield and stereoselective control. Here, we report an enzymatic approach for the oxidative dearomatization of indoles in the asymmetric synthesis of a variety of furoindolines with a vicinal quaternary carbon stereogenic center. This approach depends on the activity of a flavin‐dependent monooxygenase, TsrE, which is involved in the biosynthesis of bicyclic thiopeptide antibiotic thiostrepton. TsrE catalyzes 2,3‐epoxidation and subsequent epoxide opening in a highly enantioselective manner during the conversion of 2‐methyl‐indole‐3‐acetic acid or 2‐methyl‐tryptophol to furoindoline, with up to >99 % conversion and >99 % ee under mild reaction conditions. Complementing current chemical methods for oxidative indole dearomatization, the TsrE activity‐based approach enriches the toolbox in the asymmetric synthesis of products possessing a furoindoline skeleton.
Nanoskaliger hybrider amorph/graphitischer Kohlenstoff als Schlüssel zur nächsten Generation von kohlenstoffbasierten Katalysatoren für oxidative Dehydrierungen
Authors: Herold Felix , Prosch Stefan , Oefner Niklas , Brunnengräber Kai , Leubner Oliver , Hermans Yannick , Hofmann Kathrin , Drochner Alfons , Hofmann Jan P. , Qi Wei , Etzold Bastian J. M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEine neue Synthesestrategie liefert “Nicht‐nano”‐Kohlenstoffmaterialien als Dehydrierungskatalysatoren, die eine ähnliche katalytische Leistung wie Nanokohlenstoffe aufweisen. Schlüsselelement sind hierbei Kohlenstoffpräkursoren auf Polymerbasis, die eine Soft‐Templat‐Strategie mit Ionenadsorption und katalytischer Graphitisierung kombinieren, um eine Kontrolle der makroskopischen Form, Textur und Kristallinität zu ermöglichen und nach der Pyrolyse einen hybriden amorph/graphitischen Kohlenstoff zu erhalten. Aus diesem Zwischenprodukt wird der aktive Kohlenstoffkatalysator hergestellt, indem die amorphen Anteile des Hybridkohlenstoffs durch selektive Oxidation entfernt werden. Die oxidative Dehydrierung von Ethanol wurde als Testreaktion gewählt. Die neuen Kohlenstoffkatalysatoren zeigen eine vergleichbar hohe Selektivität (82 %) wie ein Benchmark mit Kohlenstoffnanoröhren, jedoch mit 10‐mal höheren Raum‐Zeit‐Ausbeuten bei 330 °C. Diese neuartigen Kohlenstoffmaterialien sind über einen technisch skalierbaren, reproduzierbaren Syntheseweg zugänglich und weisen kugelförmige Partikel mit Durchmessern um 100 μm auf, was eine unproblematische Handhabung ermöglicht.
Robust Biological Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Framework with Post‐Functionalized Rhenium(I) Sites for Efficient Heterogeneous Visible‐Light‐Driven CO2 Reduction
Authors: Yu Baoqiu , Li Lianjie , Liu Shanshan , Wang Hailong , Liu Heyuan , Lin Chenxiang , Liu Chao , Wu Hui , Zhou Wei , Li Xiyou , Wang Tianyu , Chen Banglin , Jiang Jianzhuang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA robust 2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy)‐derived biological hydrogen‐bonded framework (HOF‐25) has been realized depending on guanine‐quadruplex with the assistance of π‐π interaction, which reacts with Re(CO)5Cl to give a post‐functionalized HOF‐25‐Re. X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopic study on HOF‐25‐Re confirms the covalent attachment of Re(bpy)(CO)3Cl segments to this HOF. Robust and recycled HOF‐25‐Re bearing photocatalytic Re(bpy)(CO)3Cl centers displays good heterogeneous catalytic activity towards carbon dioxide photoreduction in the presence of [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2 and triisopropanolamine in CH3CN under visible‐light irradiation, with both high CO production rate of 1448 μmol g−1 h−1 and high selectivity of 93 %. Under the same conditions, the experimental turnover number of HOF‐25‐Re (50) is about 8 times as that of the homogeneous control Re(bpy)(CO)3Cl. The sustainably regenerated HOF‐25‐Re via crystallization and post‐modification processes shows recovered photocatalytic performance.
Operando‐Untersuchung von Ag‐dekorierten Cu2O‐Nanowürfel‐Katalysatoren mit verbesserter CO2‐Elektroreduktion zu Flüssigprodukten
Authors: Herzog Antonia , Bergmann Arno , Jeon Hyo Sang , Timoshenko Janis , Kühl Stefanie , Rettenmaier Clara , Lopez Luna Mauricio , Haase Felix T. , Roldan Cuenya Beatriz 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDie direkte Umwandlung von Kohlendioxid zu flüssigen Brennstoffen durch die elektrochemische Reduktion von CO2 (CO2RR) kann zu der Dekarbonisierung der weltweiten Wirtschaft beitragen. Hier wurden wohldefinierte Cu2O‐Nanowürfel (NW, 35 nm) synthetisiert, die einheitlich mit Ag‐Nanopartikeln (5 nm) bedeckt wurden. Verglichen mit den reinen Cu2O‐NW zeigte der Katalysator mit 5 at % Ag auf den Cu2O‐NW einen zweifachen Anstieg in der Faraday‐Effizienz für C2+‐Flüssigprodukte (30 % bei −1.0 VRHE) einschließlich Ethanol, 1‐Propanol und Acetaldehyd. Dagegen wurden Formiat und Wasserstoff unterdrückt. Operando‐Röntgenabsorptionsspektroskopie enthüllte die teilweise Reduktion von Cu2O während CO2RR, begleitet von einer reaktionsgetriebenen Redispersion von Ag auf den CuOx‐NW. Operando‐oberflächenverstärkte Raman‐Spektroskopie deckte außerdem signifikante Veränderungen in der CO‐Bindung zu Cu auf, die wir auf die während der CO2RR neugebildeten Ag‐Cu‐Zentren zurückführen. Folglich spielt Ag‐Cu eine zentrale Rolle für die C‐C‐Kupplung und der damit verbundenen erhöhten Ausbeute an Flüssigprodukten.
Nucleation and Growth Mechanism of Anion‐Derived Solid Electrolyte Interphase in Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Yan Chong , Jiang Li‐Li , Yao Yu‐Xing , Lu Yang , Huang Jia‐Qi , Zhang Qiang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSolid electrolyte interphase (SEI) has been widely employed to describe the new phase formed between anode and electrolyte in working batteries. Significant advances have been achieved on the structure and composition of SEI as well as on the possible ion transport mechanism. However, the nucleation and growth mechanism of SEI catches little attention, which requires the establishment of isothermal electrochemical crystallization theory. Herein we explore the virgin territory of electrochemically crystallized SEI. By using potentiostatic method to regulate the decomposition of anions, an anion‐derived SEI forms on graphite surface at atomic scale. After fitting the cur‐rent‐time transients with Laviron theory and Avrami formula, we conclude that the formation of anion‐derived interface is surface reaction controlled and obeys the two‐dimensional (2D) progressive nucleation and growth model. Atomic force microscope (AFM) images emphasize the conclusion, which reveals the mystery of isothermal electrochemical crystallization of SEI.
Delicate Control on the Shell Structure of Hollow Spheres Enables Tunable Mass Transport in Water Splitting
Authors: Hou Ping , Li Dan , Yang Nailiang , Wan Jiawei , Zhang Chunhui , Zhang Xiqi , Jiang Hongyu , Zhang Qinghua , Gu Lin , Wang Dan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the study of structure–property relationships for rational materials design, hollow multishell structures (HoMSs) have attracted tremendous attention owing to the optimal balance between mass transfer and surface exposure. Considering the shell structure can significantly affect the properties of HoMSs, in this paper, we provide a novel one‐step strategy to continually regulate the shell structures of HoMSs. Through a simple phosphorization process, we can effectively modify the shell from solid to bubble‐like and even duplicate the shells with a narrow spacing. Benefitting from the structure merits, the fabricated CoP HoMSs with close duplicated shells can promote gas release owing to the unbalanced Laplace pressure, while accelerating liquid transfer for enhanced capillary force. It can provide effective channels for water and gas and thus exhibits a superior electrocatalytic performance in the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction.
Polyetheretherketone, hexagonal boron nitride, and tungsten carbide cobalt chromium composite coatings: Mechanical and tribological properties
Authors: Lebga‐Nebane Janice L. , Sankarasubramanian Malavarayan , Chojecki Gregory , Ning Bo , Yuya Philip A. , Moosbrugger John C. , Rasmussen Don H. , Krishnan Sitaraman 
Published: January 2021

AbstractComposite powder coatings consisting of polyetheretherketone (PEEK), hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), and tungsten carbide cobalt chromium (WC‐CoCr) particles were prepared by mechanical grinding and applied on steel substrates by thermal fusion of the thermoplastic polymer. The coatings contained about 20–60 vol% of hBN and WC‐CoCr, and were designed to maximize modulus and hardness and minimize friction coefficient and wear rate. The mechanical and tribological properties of single‐ and double‐layered coatings were characterized using nanoindentation and sliding friction and wear measurements. When the hBN concentration was about 30 vol%, the PEEK–hBN composite modulus was lower than that of neat PEEK, which is attributed to the disruption of PEEK crystallization by the filler particles. Upon the inclusion of WC‐CoCr particles, the composite's modulus, and hardness showed a substantial increase beyond PEEK values. Elastic moduli of the mixed‐filler systems were closer to the Reuss bound than the Voigt bound and could be correlated well with the coating composition using volume‐fraction‐weighted powers of component properties. Fitted values of the exponent (called the microstructural coefficient) were consistent with the expected continuity and connectivity of the composite's hard and soft phases. Viscoplastic energy dissipation increased with an increase in the polymer‐filler interfacial area but decreased with the soft‐phase volume fraction. The plasticity index was found to increase logarithmically with the coating modulus. The specific wear rate increased sharply beyond a composition‐dependent critical value of the plasticity index. Mechanical polishing of the coating surfaces using abrasive slurries lowered the friction coefficient but increased the wear rate.
Seasonal distribution of the Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphins: Implications for coastal habitat management
Authors: Wang Chun‐Chieh , Xu Youhou , Li Na , Peng Chongwei , Wu Haiping , Huang Shiang‐Lin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Organisms utilize suitable habitat patches wherein they optimize fitness. For marine megafauna such as cetaceans, foraging is generally the explanation for their utilization distribution. However, an explicit link between cetaceans' distribution and spatio‐temporal pattern of food resource is usually lacking.
The Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis; VU listed in the IUCN Red List) inhabits the coastal waters from south‐east China to eastern India. Seasonal distribution of the humpback dolphin was explored in the northern Beibu Gulf, China. Sightings of the humpback dolphin were systematically collected at monthly intervals from 2012 winter till 2018 spring and used to derive distribution patterns from kernel density estimates. Satellite remotely sensed net primary productivity (NPP) and bathymetry were used to present oceanographic characteristics in the study region.
Seasonal variations were observed in oceanographic characteristics and spatial distribution of the humpback dolphin. Although the core distribution area of the humpback dolphin showed seasonal expansion and contraction, it had consistently higher NPP and shallower depth than the survey range throughout the seasons.
Our findings indicate a clear profile of these two oceanographic characteristics (i.e. NPP and bathymetry) in the humpback dolphin's core distribution area. Food resource utilization could play an important role in the humpback dolphin's distribution within the study site. The seasonal dynamics imply that not only food abundance, but also efficiency in accessing/capturing the prey may affect distribution of the humpback dolphin.
In the study site, human activities that can change regional topography and productivity of the coastal water through land reclamation, dredging, sand mining and bottom trawling, should be mitigated, regulated or avoided. Proactive conservation should incorporate catchment management of the main rivers to address potential sediment and nutrient load into the estuary to protect local habitat configuration in terms of NPP and bathymetry.