bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Letter To The Editor
Authors: Edwards Charles C. 
Published: December 2021

This replies to your letter dated December 19, 1969, and addressed to Commissioner Ley. Your letter, which represents the stand of the Committee on Drugs of the American Academy of Pediatrics, emphasizes the usefulness of systemic sulfonamides in combination with penicillin in the treatment of acute otitis media in young children where a high incidence of H. influenzae infection is known to occur. Our letter of September 12, 1969, to physicians did not include such an indication when listing the uses of the short-acting sulfonamides.
We have received several other expnessions like yours, calling attention to this omission in the indications for the systemic short-acting sulfonamides. I am pleased to be able to tell you that we are about to publish, in the Federal Register, a revised list of the indications for the short-acting, systemic sulfonamides, which will include the indication for use in otitis media due to H. influenzae. Concurrent administration of sulfonamides with adequate doses of penicillin is recommended in the treatment of H. influenzae-caused otitis media.
We appreciate very much your letter and your offer of assistance in decisions regarding drug therapy in infants and children. I understand this assistance has been helpful to us in the past, and I believe that the Food and Drug Administration is represented on your Committee. We look forward to still closer cooperation with your Committee and with the Academy.
Letter To The Editor
Authors: Seagle Joseph B. 
Published: December 2021

I started asking my associate Dr. Hugh C. Thompson 2 or 3 years ago when the members of the Academy might expect an up-to-date combined index to supplement the one that was put out many years ago for Vol. 1 through 20 of Pediatrics (1948 to 1957).
It would be a tremendous help to those of us in practice if the last 13 years could be added to a combined index so that when we want to look up references for a complicated or difficult case, we could do it without going through every 6-month index over all of these years.
Letter To The Editor
Authors: Murphy Solbritt , Chapman Warren 
Published: December 2021

Needling hurts less when it is amusing.
Drs. Murphy and Chapman comment on Dr. Fink's letter as follows:
Is the true measure of success the realization that someone really reads what you write? If so, we must have made it, judging by the thoroughness of Dr. Fink's critique. Not to find sex in an article one reads so carefully is certainly disappointing. There were 6 girls and 21 boys in the enuretic group. Among the girls, two had urethral strictures, grade 1 and 2 respectively, one a meatal stricture, grade 1, one had chronic urinary tract infections, one had a horse shoe kidney, and one had an incomplete work-up.
Letter To The Editor
Authors: Medearis Donald N. 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Medearis offered the following brief reply:
The information presented by Drs. Nakao and Chiba is interesting and probably significant. The use of the macroglobulin technique developed by Dr. Hanshow is an important way to further pursue the possible relationship between microcephaly, mental retardation, and cytomegalovirus infection. We can look forward with anticipation to receiving the results of Drs. Nakao's and Chiba's studies of a very much larger number of microcephalic and normal infants using this technique.
TREATMENT OF CHRONIC UREMIA IN CHILDHOOD. II. HEMODIALYSIS
Authors: Potter Donald , Larsen Duane , Leumann Ernst , Perin David , Simmons James , Piel Carolyn F. , Holliday Malcolm A. 
Published: December 2021

Fourteen children, 2 to 16 years of age, were dialyzed three times weekly for periods of 1 to 27 months on the modified Kiil or Dow Hollow Fiber Kidney. There was one death—from recurrence of Wilms' tumor—and seven children received renal transplants. The superficial femoral, brachial, posterior tibial, or radial artery was cannulated and blood flow during dialysis was &gt; 150 ml/minute without a pump. Mean pre-dialysis serum urea nitrogen levels of 70 to 86 mg/100 ml were maintained in children from 10 to 52 kg by varying the efficiency of the dialyzer and the number of dialysis hours with the size of the child. The children were active and symptoms of uremia were uncommon.
Complications found included hemodynamic effects of the shunt, shunt clotting and infection, anemia, hypertension, heart failure, and renal osteodystrophy. Growth was related to calorie intake and was normal in four of eight children. Chronic dialysis was considered successful therapy for uremic children.
Evaluation of Routine Examinations: Is the Private Practice of Pediatrics by the Pediatrician Ineffective?
Authors: Heller George 
Published: December 2021

Though it grieves me, a former Yale intern during the days of Doctors Park and Powers, to support the doubts of Harvard Doctors Peebles1 and Yankauer,2 I am unwilling to accept Dr. Anderson's conclusions that the private practice of pediatrics by the pediatrician is ineffective.3
During the course of an office visit a comparatively short time is spent in examining the child. In my own practice and that of my colleagues in "country" as opposed to institutional practice, while the nurse is undressing and weighing the baby my time is spent in interviewing the parent and discussing problems that are disturbing her and then, after examining the baby, in reviewing my findings with her.
THE USE OF GRIST MILLS IN THE TREATMENT OF WHOOPING COUGH ACCORDING TO DR. ROBERT JAMES (1705-1776)
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Folk medicine, both in the United States and Great Britain, contains many references to the use of grist mills in the treatment of whooping cough.1 Most writers advised taking a child with whooping cough into a grist mill and holding it over the hopper so that he might inhale the dust from the mill. An even more curious and inhuman use of a grist mill is described by Dr. Robert James in his three-volume medical dictionary of 1743-1745:
Another empirical method of curing the Chincough when Medicines prove ineffectual is to fright the Child by putting it in the Hopper of a Mill, which makes a terrible Noise, and the Aspect of whose Wheels is dreadful; and by this Method a Chin-cough is sometimes suddenly cured; the Reason son of which undoubtedly confits (sic) in this, not only that the animal Spirits, being, by the Fright, forced into new Distractions, leave their former inordinate Motions, but also, that the matter producing the spasms is, by such Perturbation, either dissipated, or forced into other Nerves, where it proves less troublesome.2
Can the de Lange Syndrome Always Be Diagnosed at Birth?
Authors: Pashayan H. , Levy E. P. , Fraser F. C. 
Published: December 2021

The comment "... The children are diagnosable at birth. This resemblance to one another is as striking to us as the resemblance of mongols to each other"1 holds true for most, but not all cases of the de Lange syndrome.2,3
This paper will describe a patient who at the age of 9 months had features suggestive of Turner's syndrome, and at the age of 21 months had the typical appearance of the de Lange syndrome.
Case Report
The patient, a Caucasian female, was the third child of unrelated parents who were 28 and 30 years old respectively when she was born January 29, 1968.
A PAGE FROM A TEXTBOOK ON THE DISEASES OF INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD WRITTEN IN 1858 CONCERNING A TOPIC NOT INCLUDED IN CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRIC BOOKS
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

In 1858, Dr. L. H. Tanner of London published an excellent book entitled, A Practical Treatise on the Diseases of Infancy and Childhood.1 The quotation below illustrates both the style of Victorian medical writing as well as the concern of physicians of that era for the moral training of children:
The rectitude of the father, the self-denial of the mother, and the earnestness with which both pursue their daily avocations, make a great impression on the youthful mind; and even much slighter incidents, which the thoughtless may only regard as trifles, often serve either to develop good qualities, or to pervert the yet unformed judgment.
Letter To The Editor
Authors: Bullock Joseph D. , Deamer William C. , Frick Oscar L. , Crisp James R. , Galant Stanley P. , Ziering William H. 
Published: December 2021

This is in regards to "Recurrent Abdominal Pain in Childhood," by R.T. Stone, M.D. and G.J. Barbero, M.D. Recurrent abdominal pain and associated symptoms in 102 children were explained on a functional basis, as "irritable bowel syndrome." We should like to draw attention to another organic diagnostic possibility for at least some of the cases.
The tension fatigue syndrome (T.F.S.) is a symptom complex occurring mainly in children but also in adults1-10. The T.F.S. is usually due to food allergy.
Treatment of Hyperkinetic Child with Dextroamphetamine and Ephedrine
Authors: Scanlon John 
Published: December 2021

The following case may prove interesting to readers who treat hyperkinetic children.
The patient, a 7-year-old boy, was noted to be hyperactive at school. He was easily distractible during group activity, easily frustrated, and under achieving despite above average intelligence. He also had a cough for several days.
Physical examination revealed a quite hyperactive male unable to sit still or concentrate on tasks for more than 15 to 20 seconds. Other than this, neurological examination was within normal limits.
Letter To The Editor
Authors: Olurin Oyin 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Olurin commented as follows:
Dr. McEnery is of course entitled to his opinion about the innocence of high fevers with or without convulsions. There is ample evidence in the literature for and against his views and I would refer him to the references, 8, 12, 13, and 14 dealing with "febrile convulsions." I agree with him, however, that more basic research on fevers is necessary, and this hospital is hoping to partake in this.
Methoden in der Medizinischen Cytogentik, edited by Professor Dr. Hans Georg Schwarzacher and Privatdozent Dr. Ulrich Wolf. Berlin/Heidelberg/ New York: Springer-Verlag, 1970, 186 pp., $13.20. (In German)
Authors: Zellweger Hanz 
Published: December 2021

Technics used in cytogenetic laboratories have reached a state of sophistication which makes it desirable to collect them in a hand or guidebook such as that written by Schwarzacher and Wolf in cooperation with several other experienced German cytogeneticists and one American (Ohno).
The subject matter is divided into eight chapters. Chapters 1 to 4 deal with culture methods for blood, bone marrow (Pfeiffer) and other tissues, preparation of karyotypes, and autoradiography (Gey) of chromosomes.
Orbis Pictus, by John Amos Comenius. A facsimile of the first English edition of 1659, introduced by John E. Sadler. London: Oxford University Press, 1968, 450 pp., (35s = $4.20)
Authors: Cone Thomas E. 
Published: December 2021

The name Jan Amos Komesky (Latinized as John Amos Comenius) and the title of his famous children's book, Orbis Pictus will probably be known to few, if any, readers of Pediatrics. And yet he and his book did more to take the drudgery out of learning to read than anyone else for at least 200 years.
The busy practitioner will properly ask who Comenius was and why the book he wrote more than 3 centuries ago (1656) is worth this review.
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis, vol. VI in the series Major Problems in Clinical Pediatrics, by Earl J. Brewer, Jr., M.D. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company, 1970, 231 pp., $12.50
Authors: Fink Chester 
Published: December 2021

As stated in the Preface, this is a book written for the physician in clinical practice. The sections devoted to the differential diagnosis and therapy of rheumatoid arthritis will thus be found most helpful to the average practicing pediatrician.
The initial chapter described the variable patterns of the onset and course of rheumatoid arthritis, utilizing both the author's extensive experience and data from other published Series. Tables of frequency of findings are ineluded which not uncommonly point out the marked variability seen in series from different centers.
Comprehensive Care
Authors: Shatkin Eugene P. 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Work's commentary on Pediatric Globalism (Pediatrics, 46:173, 1970), up to the last paragraph, stresses the point of teaching "total pediatrics" or "comprehensive care" to trainees.
His reasons are clearly stated and understandable up to that point, but from there on I lose his logic. He then says, because some physicians, those subspecialists who prefer to intensify their interest in certain areas, may not include the learning of "comprehensive care" in their armamentarium, perhaps we needn't teach this special area to them.
DR. RICHARD MEAD AND HIS REMEDY FOR THE BITE OF A MAD DOG
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Perhaps the best known English physician of the first half of the eighteenth century was Dr. Richard Mead (1673-1754). His regimen for the treatment of a patient bitten by a mad dog was widely used, not only in England but also in the United States. Dr. Mead's name was so revered that few physicians dared to question the efficacy of his regimen until Dr. James Mease (1771-1846) of Philadelphia who in 1792 wrote that Mead's management of rabid dog bites, cited below, was "totally useless."1
Take Ash coloured Ground Liverwort four drachms, Black Pepper two drachms, mix them together into a fine powder: This is to be divided into four doses, whereof one is to be taken in warm milk in a morning fasting, for four mornings successively; after this the person must be put into a cold bath, pond, or river, for thirty days together, early in the morning, and before breakfast: he is to remain in it with his head above water not longer than half a minute. The wound should be continually fomented with a pickle made with Vinegar and Salt, as warm as it can be borne.2
Congenital Islet Cell Adenoma Causing Hypoglycemia in a Newborn
Authors: Buist Neil R. M. , Campbell John R. , Castro Albert , Brant Bolek 
Published: December 2021

Hypoglycemia caused by an islet cell tumor of the pancreas has been reported in only a few newborn babies.1-7 This paper presents another case in whom the hypoglycemia was severe and resistant to all forms of medical therapy, including 7-chloro-3-methyl-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1, 1-dioxide (Diazoxide). Hyperinsulinemia was not found but the plasma insulin/glucose ratio was inappropriately high while the patient was hypoglycemic. The hypoglycemia was cured by removal of the tumor at the age of 4 months. Insulin levels in the tumor and in the normal pancreatic tissue are also reported.
Methods
Glucose tolerance tests were performed using 2.5 gm/kg glucose given as a 25% solution by gavage over 5 minutes.
Skinfold Thickness in Assessment of Nutrition
Authors: Gupte S. P. 
Published: December 2021

May I support the opinion expressed by Dr. Keet, et al.1 concerning the value of skinfold measurement in the assessment of nutritional status.
Our own observations regarding detailed anthropometry on infants and children with advanced protein-calorie malnutrition are reported elsewhere.2,3 Triceps skinfold thickness in our cases of nutritional marasmus is consistently far below the 3rd percentile, the average being 3.2 ± 0.83 mm, which is about 40% of the Western standard. In kwashiorkor, on the other hand, it measures 6.5 ± 1.06 mm which is about 68.1% of the Western standard.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Wehrle Paul F. 
Published: December 2021

For the committee, Dr. Wehrle answered as follows:
The comments by Dr. Podolsky summarize very well the present concerns over health effects of air pollutants among children. We concede that direct "cause and effect" relationships are difficult to establish in children. The Theeye irritation of photochemical smog and exercise effects on treadmill performance using various inhalants can be conducted only among adults after gaining full informed consent.
The admonition to the pediatrician to be aware of possible adverse effects remains well advised.
EVALUATION OF IMPEDANCE CARDIAC OUTPUT IN CHILDREN
Authors: Lababidi Zuhdi , Ehmke D. A. , Durnin Robert E. , Leaverton Paul E. , Lauer Ronald M. 
Published: December 2021

In 20 children without shunts or valvular insufficiency, duplicate dye dilution and impedance cardiac outputs (ICO) were carried out. The duplicate dye dilutions had a standard deviation 0.259 L/min/m2, while duplicate ICO had a standard deviation 0.192 L/min/m2 (F = 1.82, p &lt; 0.05). Of 53 sequential estimates, cardiac outputs measured by both indicator dye dilution and ICO had a 5.5% mean difference.
In 21 subjects with left to right shunts, the ICO related well with pulmonary blood flow (r = 0.92) rather than systemic flow (r = 0.21). In 13 subjects with aortic insufficiency, sequential Fick and ICO had a 50% mean difference; the impedance measurement was found to be higher in every case.
These data indicate that the impedance cardiograph can provide a noninvasive measure of cardiac output when there are no shunts or valvular insufficiencies. In subjects with left to right shunts the impedance cardiograph provides a measure of the pulmonary blood flow. When aortic insufficiency exists the impedance cardiograph is distorted such that it is consistently higher than Fick cardiac output.
A STUDY OF A PEDIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING PROGRAM
Authors: Shah Chandrakant P. , Robinson Geoffrey C. , Kinnis Claire , Israels Sydney 
Published: December 2021

This study was undertaken in order to determine the extent of the utilization of community settings in pediatric training programs and their value rating by pediatricians in Canada. Community settings were defined as any resident staff learning experience in the community other than at the teaching hospital, and they were divided into medical, social, and educational settings.
Response rate was 100% for the 31 programs surveyed and 73.2% for the 790 pediatricians surveyed. Utilization of community settings was minimal, with the exception of pediatricians' offices, community hospitals, and clinics for well child care and rehabilitation. However, most of the pediatricians favored additional exposure of resident staff to these community settings. While pediatric education should continue to teach the pathology of the sick child in hospitals, this study suggests that the Canadian pediatricians think that graduate teaching programs should also embrace other facets of the health care delivery system. This will enhance the utilization of community resources by the pediatricians.
Improved Separation of Centile Lines on Growth Charts
Authors: Wingerd John , Schoen Edgar J. , Solomon Irene L. 
Published: December 2021

On infant growth curves drawn by the usual technique (Fig. 1, left), it is often difficult to distinguish among the centile lines. The lines for the first few months of life are so steep, and so close together, that a chart must be made inconveniently large to be readable. Plotting the logarithm of the height or weight against age improves distinction only slightly.
A more satisfactory graphic representation of growth data is suggested by the method of Rao.1 A modification of Rao's method, applicable to the longitudinal analysis of growth data, was recently described by one of us (J.W.).2
Reticulocyte Counts in Intra-uterine Growth Retardation
Authors: Lochridge Stanley , Pass Robert , Cassady George 
Published: December 2021

Elevated erythropoietin levels,1-3 high hematocrits,4-6 and increased RBC volumes4,6,7 and counts5 have been reported in infants with intra-uterine growth retardation (IGR). These findings, compatible with prolonged in utero hypoxia, have led us to examine reticulocyte counts in these infants.
Materials and Methods
Heparinized blood samples were studied from a total of 145 neonates. Eighty-two of these samples were obtained from the umbilical vein at time of delivery. The remaining 63 were obtained within 24 hours of birth from capillary or venous blood, 37 of these within 12 hours, and 55 within 18 hours of birth.
Stool Pattern of the Newborn— Effect of Bilirubin?
Authors: Chopra D. R. 
Published: December 2021

Your query to Dr. Lawson's letter1 prompts this reply.
In this part of the country I had the opportunity of seeing a large number of American Indian neonates with hyperbilirubinemia–who are not wholly breast fed, but show the typical pattern of stooling described by Dr. Lawson– whether you give phototherapy or not. In our analysis the hyperbilirubinemic infants were equally divided for breast feeding and bottle feeding. So I don't think breast feeding is a prime factor, but I do strongly feel that the decline in bilirubin level is often associated with frequent loose yellow stools.
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS MONONUCLEOSIS IN A FIRST TRIMESTER PREGNANT FEMALE WITH TRANSMISSION TO THE FETUS
Authors: Davis Larry E. , Tweed Gerald V. , Stewart John A. , Bernstein Michael T. , Miller Gerald L. , Gravelle Clifton R. , Chin Tom D. Y. 
Published: December 2021

An understanding of the pathogenesis of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections is hampered by the fact that the majority of adult infections are subclinical. This prevents documentation of the time of fetal infection. In the instance described, a 17-year-old pregnant female developed cytomegalovirus mononucleosis during her first trimester. CMV was recovered from her convalescent urine at 12 weeks' gestation and from amniotic fluid at 21 weeks' gestation. Following a therapeutic abortion at 22 weeks' gestation, CMV was recovered from multiple fetal organs. Cord serum contained 14 mg/100 ml IgM which is elevated for a 22-week fetus.
The IgM fraction of the cord serum contained specific CMV antibodies as demonstrated by indirect hemagglutination and indirect immunofluorescence techniques. This suggests that, under abnormal circumstances such as intra-uterine infections, fetuses may be capable of synthesizing detectable levels of specific IgM antibodies as early as 22 weeks' gestation.
COMPLEXITIES OF PARENTAL UNDERSTANDING OF PHENYLKETONURIA
Authors: Sibinga Maarten S. , Friedman C. Jack 
Published: December 2021

Parental understanding of phenylketonuria (PKU),investigated through a questionnaire, was evaluated as to completeness and with respect to distortion. Only 19% of 79 parents gave adequately correct answers. The education of the parents was not related to their understanding. Neither the intellectual status of the child with PKU nor its behavioral reactions were found to be related to the individual parent's understanding of the illness. However, the better the understanding of a marital pair, the more intelligent the child was (p &lt; .05) and the higher its behavioral score tended to be (p &lt; .10). Mothers with more complete understanding tended to have brighter sons. Half of the total parent group displayed considerable tendencies to distort in their answers to the questionnaires, education again being unrelated to distortion. Fathers who were more prone to distort had children with lower IQ scores (p &lt; .05) and poorer behavior ratings (p &lt; .10).
We believe that effectiveness of communication with parents is, in part, related to the nature of parental thinking. This might be explored independenty, not where it pertains to the child's illness.
ISLET CELL ADENOMA IN THE NEWBORN: REPORT OF TWO PATIENTS
Authors: Robinson M. J. , Clarke A. Murray , Gold Hugo , Connelly J. F. 
Published: December 2021

Islet cell adenoma is a rare cause of severe neonatal hypoglycemia. Two cases are reported and difficulties in diagnosis are outlined. In one infant, cure followed subtotal pancreatectomy at the age of 19 days.
It is suggested that severe hypoglycemia of obscure origin persisting beyond the age of 2 weeks in a newborn infant of normal birth weight and not responding to standard medical measures, justifies exploration of the pancreas. Even if an islet-cell tumor is not identified, subtotal pancreatectomy is indicated.