bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in Internal Plasticization of PVC: Copper-Mediated Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization from PVC Defect Sites To Form Acrylate Graft Copolymers
Authors: Braslau Rebecca , Li Longbo , Schneider Yanika , Hoeglund Adrienne B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInternally plasticized PVC copolymers were prepared by grafting PVC with butyl acrylate and 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl acrylate by atom-transfer radical polymerization, resulting in well-behaved polymers with a wide range of glass transition temperatures (–54 °C to 54 °C). When the grafted side chains made up more than 50% of the polymer by weight, the glass transition temperatures were below 0 °C. The covalent attachment of the plasticizing grafts requires one simple procedure starting from commercial PVC, making this strategy an industrially relevant and environmentally friendly alternative to the use of conventional small-molecule plasticizers.
Visible-Light-Driven Phosphonoalkylation of Alkenes
Authors: Jiang Yue-Ming , Liu Jie , Fu Qiang , Yu Yu-Ming , Yu Da-Gang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPhosphonylation of alkenes is important for the generation of valuable organophosphines. However, redox-neutral difunctionalization of alkenes with readily available H-P(O) compounds remains underdeveloped. Herein, we report the first visible-light-driven redox-neutral phosphonoalkylation of alkenes. A variety of organophosphorus-containing three-membered carbocyclic scaffolds are synthesized from alkene-bearing alkyl sulfonates with H-P(O) compounds. The transition-metal-free protocol displays good functional group tolerance, broad substrate scope, high yields, and mild reaction conditions.
Changes in Cognition and Hemodynamics 1 Year after Carotid Endarterectomy for Asymptomatic Stenosis
Authors: Košťál Petr , Mrhálek Tomáš , Kajanová Alena , Bombic Martin , Kubále Jiří , Šterba Luděk , Ostrý Svatopluk , Fiedler Jiří 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objectives The impact of a change in hemodynamics on cognitive skills in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis (ACS) after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of CEA for ACS at 1 year by assessing the changes in anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral artery blood flow in tandem with changes in cognitive efficiency.
Methods Flow volume in cerebral arteries using quantitative magnetic resonance angiography was measured in a group of 14 males and 5 females before and at 1 year after CEA for ACS. Cognitive efficiency was assessed by Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). The values of flow volume were processed using simple ratio (SR) and were used for covariance analyses with changes in cognitive skills after CEA.
Results A significant improvement in cognitive efficiency indexes of immediate memory and visuospatial perception at 1 year after CEA for ACS was observed. Simultaneously, a significant deterioration of speech index was noted. During the analysis of association between flow and cognition, the highest correlation could be seen between the middle cerebral artery (MCA) flow and the visuospatial perception. A change in posterior cerebral artery (PCA) flow was associated with an increase in immediate memory index and anterior cerebral artery (ACA) flow change with the speech index.
Conclusion Convergence of data supporting the association between revascularization and cognitive improvement were added in a small, single-center cohort of ACS patients undergoing CEA. No significant differences in cognition were seen between preoperative findings and at 1 year after CEA. Visuospatial perception improvement was linked to flow change in MCA, immediate memory improvement to flow change in PCA, and speech index change to flow change in ACA. Methodical limitations of this small study preclude formulating larger generalizations. Hemodynamic factors in CEA should be assessed in a larger-scale study.
Simoctocog Alfa (Nuwiq) in Previously Untreated Patients with Severe Haemophilia A: Final Results of the NuProtect Study
Authors: Liesner Ri J. , Abraham Aby , Altisent Carmen , Belletrutti Mark J. , Carcao Manuel , Carvalho Manuela , Chambost Hervé , Chan Anthony K. C. , Dubey Leonid , Ducore Jonathan , Gattens Michael , Gresele Paolo , Gruel Yves , Guillet Benoit , Jimenez-Yuste Victor , Kitanovski Lidija , Klukowska Anna , Lohade Sunil , Mancuso Maria Elisa , Oldenburg Johannes , Pavlova Anna , Pollio Berardino , Sigaud Marianne , Vdovin Vladimir , Vilchevska Kateryna , Wu John K. M. , Jansen Martina , Belyanskaya Larisa , Walter Olaf , Knaub Sigurd , Neufeld Ellis J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction FVIII inhibitor development is the most serious contemporary treatment complication in haemophilia A, particularly in previously untreated patients (PUPs). No inhibitors developed in clinical trials in previously treated patients treated with simoctocog alfa (Nuwiq), a fourth-generation recombinant FVIII produced in a human cell line.
Methods The NuProtect study investigated the immunogenicity of simoctocog alfa in PUPs. NuProtect was a prospective, multinational, open-label, non-controlled, phase III study. PUPs with severe haemophilia A (FVIII:C <1%) of any age and ethnicity were treated with simoctocog alfa for 100 exposure days or a maximum of 5 years. Patients were true PUPs without prior exposure to FVIII concentrates or blood components. Inhibitor titres were measured with the Nijmegen-modified Bethesda assay; cut-off for positivity was 0.6 BU mL−1 (≥0.6 to <5 low-titre, ≥5 high titre).
Results A total of 108 PUPs with a median age at first treatment of 12.0 months (interquartile range: 8.0–23.5) were treated with simoctocog alfa. F8 mutation type was known for 102 patients (94.4%) of whom 90 (88.2%) had null F8 mutations and 12 (11.8%) had non-null mutations. Of 105 PUPs evaluable for inhibitor development, 28 (26.7%) developed inhibitors; 17 high titre (16.2%) and 11 low titre (10.5%). No PUPs with non-null F8 mutations developed inhibitors.
Conclusion In the NuProtect study, the rate of inhibitor development in PUPs with severe haemophilia A treated with simoctocog alfa was lower than the rate reported for hamster-cell-derived recombinant factor VIII products in other recent clinical trials. No inhibitors were reported in PUPs with non-null F8 mutations.
TEVAR Following FET: Current Outcomes of Rendezvous Procedures in Clinical Practice
Authors: Meisenbacher Katrin , Osswald Anja , Bischoff Moritz Sebastian , Böckler Dittmar , Karck Matthias , Ruhparwar Arjang , Geisbüsch Philipp 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background The treatment of extensive thoracic/thoracoabdominal aortic pathologies with arch involvement remains a challenging task in aortic surgery. The introduction of the frozen elephant trunk (FET) technique offered a link between open surgery and thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). Despite a decade of experience, data on the complementary use of these techniques are scant. The aim of this study was to evaluate TEVAR following FET in clinical reality.
Methods Between November 2006 and June 2018, 20 patients (9 females; median age of 69 years) underwent endovascular second-stage completion after FET. The clinical outcomes, technical feasibility, and morphological findings were analyzed retrospectively.
Results Eleven of the 20 interventions were intended “rendezvous procedures” in a multistage approach; 4 were elective reinterventions, and 5 were emergency complication repairs. The median interval between FET and TEVAR was 231 days (11 days–7.4 years). The technical success rate was 100%. During a median follow-up (FU) period of 58.3 months, the overall survival rate was 95%, with one in-hospital death. Neurological complications occurred in three cases (spinal cord injury: n = 1; stroke: n = 2). Computed tomography angiography showed overall regression in the median diameter of the proximal descending aorta (from 57 to 48.5 mm).
Conclusion TEVAR as a second-stage intervention after FET is a feasible option, with satisfactory results at medium-term FU. In extensive thoracoabdominal aortic disease without proximal landing zones, the complementary use of both techniques in a multistage approach should be considered.
Management of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction in High-Risk Settings
Authors: Omer Mohamed A. , Exaire Jose E. , Jentzer Jacob C. , Sandoval Yader B. , Singh Mandeep , Cagin Charles R. , Elgendy Islam Y. , Tak Tahir 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDespite the widespread adoption of primary percutaneous intervention and modern antithrombotic therapy, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains the leading cause of death in the United States and remains one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Certain high-risk patients present a challenge for diagnosis and treatment. The widespread adoption of primary percutaneous intervention in addition to modern antithrombotic therapy has resulted in substantial improvement in the short- and long-term prognosis following STEMI. In this review, we aim to provide a brief analysis of the state-of-the-art treatment for patients presenting with STEMI, focusing on cardiogenic shock, current treatment and controversies, cardiac arrest, and diagnosis and treatment of mechanical complications, as well as multivessel and left main-related STEMI.
Neuropsychological Phenotypes of Pediatric Anti-Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Associated Disorders: A Case Series
Authors: Tan Alexander , Marcus David J. , Howarth Robyn A. , Gombolay Grace Y. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEmerging research has demonstrated that anti-myelin oligodendrocyte associated disorders (MOG-AD) are associated with a less severe clinical course than demyelinating conditions associated with the presence of aquaporin-4 antibodies. While a heterogeneity of neuropsychological outcomes in pediatric demyelinating conditions have been described in the literature, no studies to date have investigated the neuropsychological sequelae of pediatric MOG-AD specifically. The objective of the present case series was to describe the clinical and neuropsychological phenotypes of seven pediatric patients (ages 3–15 years) with MOG-AD of different diagnoses (e.g., acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, optic neuritis, multiple sclerosis, and neuromyelitis spectrum disorders). Neuropsychological outcomes were evaluated by retrospective chart review. Results indicated largely intact neuropsychological profiles in five of the seven patients, with mild weaknesses in attention, executive functioning, processing speed, visual-motor/fine-motor skills, and mood concerns being observed. Two patients with a Kurtzke Extended Disability Status Scale of 0 still demonstrated findings on neuropsychological testing. Of the other two patients, one demonstrated higher levels of impairment in the context of a complex medical history and premorbid learning difficulties, while the other demonstrated declines in functioning likely associated with an earlier age of onset. Findings suggest that neuropsychological outcomes may be correspondingly less severe in this population compared with what has previously been described in the pediatric demyelinating disease literature. This differential impact may contribute to the heterogeneity of neuropsychological outcomes found in previous studies, and future research should separate participants with myelin oligodendrocyte antibodies given the difference in clinical course, treatment outcomes, and neuropsychological sequelae.
A Rare Case of Extra-abdominal Desmoid Fibromatosis of the Mandible in a 9-Year-Old Child
Authors: Madi Medhini , Bhat Supriya , Madiyal Ananya , Babu Subhas G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDesmoid tumors are tumors of the fibrous tissue that are benign, which most commonly occur in the abdominal walls of females who are of childbearing age. The most common location for extra-abdominal desmoid tumors is the shoulder and the upper limb. They show no tendency for metastasis but are locally very aggressive. Here we report a rare case of extra-abdominal desmoid fibromatosis in the mandible of a child.
Overlapping as final-item completion in Mandarin conversation
Authors: Zhang Wenxian , Li Xianyin , Zhang Wei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study locates as its focus the site for the final item in a sentence-in-progress as a late but systematic
opportunity space for co-completing sentences by another speaker, and as a systematic site for brief overlaps. A second speaker
may supply a version of the final item as projected by the grammatical structure of the sentence-so-far in given contexts to offer
assistance for the searched-for final item upon the current speaker’s displayed delivery trouble, or to show an early recognition
of what the current turn is doing and what it takes for its completion in the absence of any display of delivery trouble. The
overlap in the first case may be ‘accidental’ when the first speaker is able to produce his/her own final item a moment later, or
it may be an ‘achieved’ early start in the second case. The same opportunity space may also be ‘exploited’. Final items proposed
by the second speaker may generate a local sequence where its acceptability becomes relevant. Post-overlap responses by the first
speaker often show acceptance, sometimes with qualification. We argue that overlapping final-item completion is a result of
speakers’ active participation and high involvement, and is motivated by the fundamental baseline of cooperation and collaboration
in human social interaction.
El mundo del trabajo en los libros de texto de ELE
Authors: Bori Pau , Kuzmanovic Jovanovic Ana 
Published: February 2021

Resumen
Este artículo adopta una perspectiva política y económica para explorar la evolución de las representaciones del
mundo laboral en los libros de texto del español como lengua extranjera (ELE) desde mediados de los setenta hasta la actualidad.
Utilizando el marco teórico del análisis crítico del discurso, examinamos históricamente el contenido laboral en libros de ELE a
la luz de las transformaciones del capitalismo en las últimas cuatro décadas. Los resultados del análisis del contenido indican un
incremento de referencias neoliberales coincidiendo con el auge del neoliberalismo como paradigma político y económico dominante.
También se constata un cambio de orientación de las actividades que pasan a centrarse en la promoción del espíritu empresarial y
la empleabilidad de los aprendices. El artículo concluye destacando la necesidad de estudiar los cambios en la esfera económica y
material de la sociedad para comprender mejor cuestiones relacionadas con la lengua y su contexto.
Acquiring social and linguistic competence
Authors: Kushartanti Bernadette , Van de Velde Hans , Everaert Martin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The present chapter discusses the acquisition of
social and linguistic constraints by Jakarta Indonesian
preschoolers. We examine the morphological aspects in two Indonesian
varieties, namely Bahasa Indonesia (BI) and Colloquial Jakarta
Indonesian (CJI), focusing on the use of transitivity and
intransitivity marking verbal prefixes. Data in this study come from
two periods of interviews in formal and informal settings with a
six-month interval. Participants in this study are children of
middle-class families (N = 63). We investigate
whether they use BI prefixes and CJI prefixes appropriately in terms
of situations and morphological rules. Findings in this study
indicate that these children acquire the social and grammatical
constraints at the same time in the informal situation.
Long-term outcome and predictors of remission in Behçet’s disease in daily practice
Authors: Malek Mahdavi Aida , Khabbazi Alireza , Hajialilo Mehrzad 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Many factors can influence the response to treatment and prognosis of Behçet’s disease (BD). Identifying the predictors of response to treatment can improve the quality and decrease the cost of medical care. This analytical study was performed to identify factors affecting the remission and outcome in BD patients with long-term follow-up.

Methods
A total of 245 BD patients aged over 16 years were followed for at least 12 months and visited at least three times a year were included. The outcome was assessed by the number of patients who were in sustained and long-term remission, had lost the primary criteria of BD for at least 12 months, were asymptomatic, and developed the sequela of disease or deceased. Sustained remission was defined as being in remission for at least six months. Long-term remission was defined as remission for ≥ 5 years.

Results
Mean age and mean duration of follow-up were 35.1 ± 10.7 years and 92.3 months, respectively. At the end of follow-up, 63.2% of the patients lost the criteria of BD, 51.8% of the cases were in sustained remission, and 36.2% of them were asymptomatic. Predictors of sustained remission were adherence to therapy and treatment for more than six years. Having genital ulcers and treatment with methotrexate were associated with non-remission. Predictor of long-term remission was remission induction in the first two years of the treatment. Treatment with methotrexate was associated with non-remission. Poor outcome was observed in 31.8% of patients. Male sex, obesity, and having severe disease were the risk factors of poor outcome.

Conclusion
Achieving remission in BD is not inaccessible. Treatment with conventional and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs may cause sustained and long-term remission. Adherence to treatment, remission induction during the two years after the diagnosis and treatment for at least six years have significant role.
Personalized machine learning approach to injury monitoring in elite volleyball players
Authors: de Leeuw Arie‐Willem , van der Zwaard Stephan , van Baar Rick , Knobbe Arno 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTWe implemented a machine learning approach to investigate individual indicators of training load and wellness that may predict the emergence or development of overuse injuries in professional volleyball. In this retrospective study, we collected data of 14 elite volleyball players (mean ± SD age: 27 ± 3 years, weight: 90.5 ± 6.3 kg, height: 1.97 ± 0.07 m) during 24 weeks of the 2018 international season. Physical load was tracked by manually logging the performed physical activities and by capturing the jump load using wearable devices. On a daily basis, the athletes answered questions about their wellness, and overuse complaints were monitored via the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center (OSTRC) questionnaire. Based on training load and wellness indicators, we identified subgroups of days with increased injury risk for each volleyball player using the machine learning technique Subgroup Discovery. For most players and facets of overuse injuries (such as reduced sports participation), we have identified personalized training load and wellness variables that are significantly related to overuse issues. We demonstrate that the emergence and development of overuse injuries can be better understood using daily monitoring, taking into account interactions between training load and wellness indicators, and by applying a personalized approach.Highlights
With detailed, athlete‐specific monitoring of overuse complaints and training load, practical insights in the development of overuse injuries can be obtained in a player‐specific fashion contributing to injury prevention in sports.
A multi‐dimensional and personalized approach that includes interactions between training load variables significantly increases the understanding of overuse issues on a personal basis.
Jump load is an important predictor for overuse injuries in volleyball.
Genetic Polymorphisms of 44 Y Chromosomal Genetic Markers in the Inner Mongolia Han Population and Its Genetic Relationship Analysis with Other Reference Populations
Authors: Jin Xiaoye , Xing Guohui , Yang Chunhua , Zhang Xingru , Cui Wei , Chen Chong , Zhu Bofeng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Y chromosomal genetic markers in the non-recombining region are commonly used for human evolution research, familial searching, and forensic male differentiation since they strictly follow paternal inheritance. Y chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) possess extraordinarily advantages in forensic applications because of their high polymorphisms and special genetic pattern. Here, we assessed the genetic diversities of 41 Y-STRs and three Y chromosomal insertion/deletion (Y-InDels) loci in the Chinese Inner Mongolia Han population; besides, genetic differentiation analyses among the studied Han population and other previously reported populations were conducted based on 27 same Y-STRs. Totally, 425 alleles were observed in 324 Inner Mongolia Han individuals for these Y-markers. Gene diversities of these Y-markers distributed from 0.0306 to 0.9634. The haplotype diversity and discriminatory capacity of these Y-markers in the Inner Mongolia Han population were 0.9999 and 0.98457, respectively. Haplotype resolution comparisons of different Y-marker groups in the studied Han population revealed that higher haplotype resolution could be achieved for these 44 Y-markers. Population genetic analyses of the Inner Mongolia Han population and other reference populations demonstrated that the studied Han population had relatively closer genetic affinities with Northern Han Chinese populations than Southern Han and other minority groups. To sum up, these 44 Y-markers can be utilized as a valuable tool for male differentiation in the Inner Mongolia Han population.
A simple method of demonstrating Huygens’ principle in the classroom
Authors: Hughes Stephen , Gurung Som 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Huygens’ principle in which every point on a propagating wave acts like a point source of radiation is a foundation principle of physics. Normally, Huygens’ principle is demonstrated by passing a wave, for example a water or light wave through an aperture comparable in size to the wavelength. In this paper, an experiment is described in which a 0.1 mm diameter copper wire is placed in front of a laser pointer to demonstrate Huygens’ principle in empty space. The diffraction pattern was photographed using a phone camera, and the bandwidth measured using a free image analysis program, ImageJ. The diffraction diameter of the wire was

0.095
±
0.005

mm

.

The experiment can easily be performed in a classroom.
Bäcklund transformation, infinite number of conservation laws and fission properties of an integro-differential model for ocean internal solitary waves
Authors: Yu Di , Zhang Zong-Guo , Dong Huan-He , Yang Hong-Wei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an analytical investigation of the propagation of internal solitary waves in the ocean of finite depth. Using the multi-scale analysis and reduced perturbation methods, the integro-differential equation is derived, which is called the intermediate long wave (ILW) equation and can describe the amplitude of internal solitary waves. It can reduce to the Benjamin–Ono equation in the deep-water limit, and to the KdV equation in the shallow-water limit. Little attention has been paid to the features of integro-differential equations, especially for their conservation laws. Here, based on Hirota bilinear method, Bäcklund transformations in bilinear form of ILW equation are derived and infinite number of conservation laws are given. Finally, we analyze the fission phenomenon of internal solitary waves theoretically and verify it through numerical simulation. All of these have potential value for the further research on ocean internal solitary waves.