bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Settleability and Dewaterability of Sewage Sludge with Modified Diatomite
Authors: Wang Ling-Yu , Li Xue , Luo Kun , Song Yu-Hao , Liu Ren-Guo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this study, cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) modified diatomite and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) modified diatomite were synthesized and used as conditioner in sewage sludge dewatering. The effects of these two types of modified diatomite on the dewaterability and settling performance of activated sludge were studied. The mechanism of the two types of modified diatomite in the activated sludge system was elucidated. The efficiency of CPAM-modified diatomite was better than that of CTAB-modified diatomite in improving the settleability and dewaterability performance of sludge. The results indicated that specific resistance to filtration (SRF) was decreased from 8.52×1012m/Kg to 0.92×1012 m/Kg, and the water content in the remaining sludge cake after pumping filtration was decreased from 92.2% to 68.1%. by adding 0.4% of CPAM-modified diatomite and pH=3.5, which result in optimal sludge settling of activated sludge. Further studies showed that the polymer/surfactant adsorbed in diatomite increased sludge dewaterability and improved the sedimentation rate as a result of stripping extracellular polymer substances (EPS) and damaging the internal structure of sludge conduce bound water releasing. According to scanning electron microscope(SEM) images, two types of modified diatomite powder not only kept the porous, but also shown more complete and uniform structure in comparison to nature diatomite.
Recovery of Chloroplast Genomes from Medieval Millet Grains Excavated from the Areni-1 Cave in Southern Armenia
Authors: Richards Stephen M. , Li Leiting , Breen James , Hovhannisyan Nelli , Estrada Oscar , Gasparyan Boris , Gilliham Matthew , Smith Alexia , Cooper Alan , Zhang Heng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) was domesticated in northern China at least 7,000 years ago and was subsequentially adopted as a cereal in many areas throughout Eurasia. One such locale is Areni-1 an archaeological cave site in Southern Armenia, a region that has an important history in crop domestication. The rich botanical material found at Areni-1 includes grains identified by morphology as broomcorn millet that were 14C dated to the medieval era (873 ± 36 CE and 1118 ± 35 CE). To retrace the demographic history of these broomcorn millet samples, we used ancient DNA extraction and hybridization capture enrichment to sequence and assemble three chloroplast genomes from the Areni-1 grains and then compared these sequences to 50 modern chloroplast genomes. Overall, the chloroplast genomes contained a low amount of diversity and little inference on broomcorn demography could be made. However, in a phylogeny the chloroplast genomes separated into two clades with strong bootstrap support, similar to what has been reported for nuclear DNA from broomcorn millet. In a haplotype network, the chloroplast genomes of two accessions of wild (undomesticated) broomcorn millet contained a relatively large number of variants, 11 SNPs. These SNPs were not present in the domesticated varieties, suggesting these wild accessions may not be directly related to the lineages that underwent domestication or that broomcorn millet may have undergone a domestication bottleneck resulting in lost diversity in the chloroplast genome. These results demonstrate that broomcorn millet from archaeological sites can preserve DNA for at least 1000 years and serve as a genetic resource to study the domestication of this cereal crop.
Relationship Between Parathyroid Hormone Levels and Abdominal Aortic Calcification in Incident Hemodialysis Patients Not Treated with Calcium or Vitamin D
Authors: He Jin , Chen Shubei , Mao Kewen , Sun Xiaoyan , Nie Rongjian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) and secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) are important causes of high incidence of cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. The relationship between parathyroid hormone (PTH) and VC is very complex. Different studies have inconsistent reports on the effect of PTH on VC. The present study investigated the correlation between PTH levels and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) in incident hemodialysis patients who did not receive calcium, calcium-containing phosphorus binders, calcitriol or vitamin D analogs. Our data confirm that serum PTH levels is significantly negatively correlated with AAC within a certain concentration range in incident hemodialysis patients who not treated with calcium or vitamin D.
Exploiting Potentialities of Dynamic Satellites for Future Space-based Quantum Network: Downlink Scheduling and Orbital Deployment
Authors: Wang Xingyu , Dong Chen , Wu Tianyi , Shi Lei , Deng Boyu , Zhu Haonan , Zhao Shanghong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
With the goal of a space-based quantum network is to have satellites distribute keys between any nodes on the ground, we consider an evolved quantum network from a near-term form, in which a space-based relay, Micius, executes a sequence of Satellite QKD (SatQKD) missions, allowing any two cities to have a shared key. Accordingly, we develop a comprehensive framework integrated with precise orbital modelling and a cloud statistics model to enable a preassessment of SatQKD. Using this framework, we consider three different scheduling strategies and estimate the keys that can be delivered to cities. By the assistance of using different optimizations on scheduling problem formulations, it is possible to allows for the possibility to consider strategies for different missions such as extending connection for distant nodes, prioritized delivery to nodes with higher privileges, and promoting keys utilization. We also provide a comparison of the total number of keys delivered using different-altitude satellites. It is demonstrated that the plan for constructing a low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellation is more efficient than that for employing an expensive high-orbit satellite to an execution of scheduling SatQKD.
Aortic Valve Replacement for Quadricuspid Aortic Valve Associated With Right Coronary Ostium Anomaly: a Case Report
Authors: Tsuji Shigeto , Shimada Shogo , Itoda Yoshifumi , Yamauchi Haruo , Ono Minoru 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Quadricuspid aortic valve is a rare congenital heart disease that may be associated with coronary ostium anomalies. Care should be taken to avoid occluding or compressing the coronary ostium while performing aortic valve replacement.Case presentation: Herein, we report a case of a 59-year-old woman who underwent aortic valve replacement for a quadricuspid aortic valve with severe aortic regurgitation. Intraoperatively, the aortic valve had four cusps of almost equal size and the right coronary artery arose adjacent to one of the commissures. The annular stitches were placed in a non-everting mattress fashion with pledgets on the ventricular side, and stitches near the right coronary ostium were transitioned to the subannular ventricular myocardium to maintain the distance from the ostium. Further, we selected a small prosthesis because oversized prosthetic valve could potentially compress the right coronary ostium.Conclusions: While performing aortic valve replacement for a quadricuspid aortic valve associated with a right coronary ostium anomaly, careful selection of the size of the prosthesis and modification of the annular stitches are essential to prevent obstruction of the coronary ostium.
Zeaxanthin Exhibits Protective Effects in Myocardial Injury by Inhibiting TGF-β/Smad2/3 and p38MAPK/NF-κB Signaling Pathways
Authors: Li Mingyang , Song Xiang , Qi Lichun , Gao Yanhui , Wang Xin , Zhong Xiao , Song Ziguang , Li Xueqi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Zeaxanthin is a newly discovered natural product in β-carotenoid family with multiple bioactivities. Recently, it has been shown that zeaxanthin may have cardioprotective effects in several studies, but its mechanisms have not been fully investigated. Herein, we explored the role and mechanism of zeaxanthin in myocardial injury.Methods and Results: In this study, three different models were used to investigate the mechanism by which zeaxanthin alleviates myocardial injury. H9C2 Cardiomyocyte injury models were induced by H2O2. TUNEL assay, Flow cytometry, and Western blot analysis showed that treatment with zeaxanthin significantly decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis and apoptosis-related protein expression. And reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement analysis and Western blot analysis showed that treatment with zeaxanthin also could reduce the production of ROS and affect the expression of p38-Mitogen activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-κ gene bindin (p38MAPK/NF-κB) signaling pathway. Transforming Growth Factor-β1 (TGF-β1) was used to establish the fibrosis model in cardiac fibroblasts (CFs). QRT-PCR and Western blot analysis showed that treatment with zeaxanthin significantly decreased the expression of fibrosis markers in CFs. Myocardial injury animal models were induced by high-fat diet (HFD). Our results demonstrated that zeaxanthin improved fibrosis damage and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in HFD mice. Furthermore, Western blot analysis showed that TGF-β/Drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic2/3 (TGF-β/Smad2/3) signaling pathway related protein p-Smad2/3, Smad2/3, and TGF-β1 were significantly downregulated by zeaxanthin treatment.Conclusions: Zeaxanthin may alleviate HFD and H2O2-induced heart injury by regulating TGF-β/Smad2/3 and p38MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways, which is of immense clinical significance in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Staff perspectives on existing practice and conditions for nurse-led gout care based on treatment recommendations: a qualitative study in primary health care
Authors: Sedelius Helene , Tistad Malin , Bergsten Ulrika , Dehlin Mats , Iggman David , Wallin Lars , Svärd Anna 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

Gout affects nearly two percent of the population and is associated with repeated painful attacks of arthritis. Preventive urate-lowering therapy is widely available, but only one third of patients receive adequate treatment. Lack of knowledge among healthcare professionals and patients within primary healthcare are implicated as partial explanations for this undertreatment. Nurse-led care has proved to be an effective model when treating patients with gout, but there is a need for more knowledge about factors that can be expected to influence the future implementation of such care. The aim of this study was to describe the factors influencing existing gout care in primary healthcare and the conditions for a future implementation of nurse-led gout care based on national treatment recommendations.
Methods

In this qualitative study, focus group discussions with 56 nurses and physicians and individual interviews with eight managers were conducted at nine primary healthcare units in the middle of Sweden. A deductive qualitative content analysis based on the main constructs of the framework Integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services was followed by an inductive analysis within the frames of the main constructs: innovation, recipients and context.
Results

The construct “innovation” was described with the management of gout being patient initiated and in some respects complex, and with experiences of nurse-led care as a favourable model. The two categories of the construct “recipients” were represented by a view of gout as a low-priority condition with acute attacks and inadequate knowledge of gout, including preventive treatment. The construct “context” consisted of three categories: a view of primary healthcare as having a holistic but fragmented responsibility for gout care, recommendations against keeping waiting lists that complicate follow-up appointments, and the need for motivation and support when introducing new practices.
Conclusion

In this study, investigating the perspective of professionals, several factors were found to influence existing gout care. It will be crucial to target these factors in the development of a future implementation strategy.
Ascent of the Conus Medullaris in Human Foetuses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Almeida Lucas , Figueiredo Yasmin Juliany , Zylberman André , Garção Diogo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to identify when the ascent of the conus medullaris occurs in human foetuses considering differences in evaluation methods and sample characteristics. Five databases were searched for relevant articles using different combinations of keywords. Article selection and data extraction were performed independently by two reviewers. Disagreements were resolved by a third reviewer. The variables were distributed into four groups according to the gestational age of the specimens: I (13 to 18 weeks); II (19 to 25 weeks); III (26 to 32 weeks); IV (33 weeks to the probable date of birth). Eighteen articles were included. The majority used imaging exams as the evaluation method. Cadaveric dissections were reported in the remaining articles. Only morphological studies were included in the meta-analysis. Significant ascent occurs between groups I and III as well as groups II and IV. Despite the considerable heterogeneity among the studies included in the present review, the findings enabled the determination that the conus medullaris reaches its normal birth level by the 26th week. Further analyses should be performed based on nationality and ethnicity to diminish the heterogeneity of the data.
A Scoring System For Predicting Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk In Alcoholic Cirrhosis: A Competing Risk Analysis
Authors: Lee Kyunghan , Choi Gwang Hyeon , Jang Eun Sun , Jeong Sook-Hyang , Kim Jin–Wook 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background & Aims: The role of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance is being questioned in alcoholic cirrhosis because of the relative low HCC risk. Comorbid viral hepatitis may synergistically increase the HCC risk in alcoholic cirrhosis. This study aimed to assess the risk and predictors of HCC in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis by using competing risk analysis in an area with intermediate prevalence for hepatitis B virus.Methods: A total of 965 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis were recruited at a university-affiliated hospital in Korea and randomly assigned to either the derivation (n=643) and validation (n=322) cohort. Subdistribution hazards model of Fine and Gray was used with deaths and liver transplantation treated as competing risks. Death records were confirmed from Korean government databases. A nomogram was developed to calculate the Alcohol-associated Liver Cancer Estimation (ALICE) score.Results: Markers for viral hepatitis were positive in 21.0 % and 25.8 % of patients in derivation and validation cohort, respectively. The cumulative incidence of HCC was 13.5 and 14.9 % at 10 years for derivation and validation cohort, respectively. Age, positivity for viral hepatitis markers, alpha-fetoprotein level, and platelet count were identified as independent predictors of HCC and incorporated in the ALICE score, which discriminated low, intermediate, and high risk for HCC in alcoholic cirrhosis at the cut-off of 120 and 180. Conclusions: HCC risk can be stratified by using clinical parameters including viral markers in alcoholic cirrhosis in an area where the prevalence of viral hepatitis is substantial.
Comparison and Evaluation of 2,4-Dinitrofluorobenzene Induced Allergic Contact Dermatitis Model in Mice
Authors: Zhu Xiaoxiao , Zhao Yuchen , Bian Fei , Li Weizu , Zhou Lanlan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objectives

2,4-Dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) induced allergic contact dermatitis model is widely used in the research of inflammation, immune response and pruritus. However, there are several modeling cycles of DNFB model in many literatures, which brings some confusion for choice in the experiments. Here, we established two-weeks and five-weeks models of DNFB and aimed to compare and evaluate them.
Methods

Two-week and five-week DNFB models were established in male SPF C57BL/6 mice.
Results

The results showed that the scratching bouts of the ACD mice in two groups both significantly increased. Following the modeling process, the skin of the neck and back of the modeling site of the ACD mice in two-weeks group gradually appeared erythema, edema, ulceration, scabbing, scaling and dryness. The skin surface features of ACD mice in five-weeks group obviously showed erythema, edema, ulceration, scabbing, scaling, re-scabbing, re-scaling, harden and dryness.The whole modeling process are both accompanied by severe scratching reaction after the skin repeated exposure to DNFB. Moreover, the results of hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining showed that the two modeling methods both had thickened epidermis (p < 0.001) and hyperkeratosis. The toluidine blue (TB) staining revealed obvious inflammatory cell infiltration (p < 0.0001) in two groups.
Conclusion

In our opinion, the two modeling methods both are feasible. The two-weeks ACD model had a shorter modeling period, and while the 5-weeks model could have enough time to observe the effect of drug. Our results provided further experimental basis and evidence for animal models of skin pruritus and inflammation.
Effects of Straw Returning on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Microbial Diversity Under the Rice-crayfish Integrated System
Authors: Zhu Xiuxiu , Peng Chenglin , Si Guohan , Sha Aihua , Yuan Jiafu , Zhao Shujun , Xu Dabing 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study represents the investigation of soil physicochemical properties and microbial diversity by the Biolog ECO analysis in a 7-year field experiment using winter flooded fallow + no straw returning (W), winter flooded fallow + straw returning (WS), and winter flooded fallow + straw returning + crayfish farming (WSC) at soil depths of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm. Compared with the W treatment, the WS treatment has significantly more total reducing substances in the 0-10 cm layer and sucrase activity in the 0-20 cm layer. The WSC treatment has significantly more available N (AN), total N (TN) contents, acid phosphatase and sucrase activities in the 10-20 cm layer, while the pH value, total reducing substances, and Fe2+ content in the 0-20 cm layer was considerably lower compared with the WS treatment. Biolog ECO analysis reveals that microbial community composition in the WS and WSC treatments differs from that in the W treatment in the 0-20cm layer. The WS treatment increases significantly the diversity of bacterial community and the ability of utilizing carbon sources in the 0-10 cm layer, and the species abundance of bacterial community in the 0-20 cm layer. Meanwhile, in the 10-20 cm soil layer, the WSC treatment improves the species abundance of bacterial community and the ability of utilizing carbon sources compared with the WS treatment. These results indicate that straw returning under the rice-crayfish integrated system improves soil physicochemical properties, decreases reducing substances properties, and increases soil enzyme activity and functional diversity of microbial community, thereby contributing to soil condition.
Heat Transfer Analysis of Cu and Al 2 0 3 Dispersed in Ethylene Glycol as a Base Fluid over a Stretchable Permeable Sheet of MHD Thin-film Flow
Authors: Khan Zeeshan , Khan Ilyas 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The process of thin films is commonly utilized to improve the surface characteristics of materials. A thin film helps to improve the absorption, depreciation, flexibility, lighting, transport, and electromagnetic efficiency of a bulk material medium. Thin film treatment can be especially helpful in nanotechnology. As a result, the current study investigates the computational process of heat relocation analysis in a thin-film MHD flow embedded in hybrid nanoparticles, which combines the spherical copper and alumina dispersed in ethylene glycol as the conventional heat transfer Newtonian fluid model over a stretching sheet. Important elements such as thermophoresis and Brownian movement are used to explain the characteristics of heat and mass transfer analysis. Nonlinear higher differential equations (ODEs) were attained by transforming partial differential equations (PDEs) into governing equations when implementing the similarity transformation technique. The resulting nonlinear ODEs have been utilized by using the homotopy analysis method (MHD). The natures of the thin-film flow and heat transfer through the various values of the pertinent parameters: unsteadiness, nanoparticle volume fraction, thin-film thickness, magnetic interaction and intensity suction/injection are deliberated. The approximate consequences for flow rate and temperature distributions and physical quantities in terms of local skin friction and Nusselt number were obtained and analysed via graphs and tables. As a consequence, the suction has a more prodigious effect on the hybrid nanofluid than on the injection fluid for all the investigated parameters. It is worth acknowledging that the existence of the nanoparticles and MHD in the viscous hybrid nanofluid tends to enhance the temperature profile but decay the particle movement in the thin-film flow. It is perceived that the velocity and temperature fields decline with increasing unsteadiness, thin-film thickness and suction/injection parameters.
What Does Family Building Mean? A Qualitative Exploration and a New Definition: a Uk-based Study.
Authors: Grace Bola , Shawe Jill , Barrett Geraldine , Usman Nafisat Ohunene , Stephenson Judith 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction The importance of improving men’s and women’s knowledge of sexual and reproductive health has been emphasised in numerous global health policies. Fertility awareness literature highlights a disproportionately higher number of articles related to pregnancy-prevention compared to pregnancy-planning, which is justifiable in many contexts. However, the recent concerted effort to improve fertility awareness warrants a closer investigation of basic terminologies in the field. For example, although the term family planning encompasses attaining the desired number of children and spacing pregnancies, it is typically attributed to the practice of limiting the number of children.MethodsWe conducted 35 qualitative in-depth interviews on men, women and healthcare professionals who were sampled from a UK cross-sectional survey. We asked participants about terms such as ‘family planning’ and ‘family building’ to elicit views and explored the appropriateness of the term “family building.” Data were transcribed and analysed via Framework analysis. Results When asked what ‘family planning’ meant to them, study participants stated that the term meant the avoidance of pregnancy. They viewed it as an “umbrella term for the use of contraception methods,” that “paradoxically, the term family planning almost has a negative connotation regarding having a family,” but could not state similar terminology for planning a family. Reasons cited for this perspective include the focus of school education and usage in clinical settings. Conclusions In the absence of an explicit definition in literature, we generated a new definition for family building as follows: “Family building refers to the construction or formation of a family, which can include steps or actions taken by an individual towards having children. In contrast to family planning, the intent focuses on pregnancy planning and childbearing rather than pregnancy prevention. However, it can also include actions taken to space the number of children one has.” Some balance in the global public health messages, including bridging the gap in reproductive health literature, may contribute to the effort to improve fertility knowledge. Additionally, this has implications for promotion of preconception and optimising reproductive health in order to enable men and women achieve their desired fertility intentions, whatever they may be.