bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le vécu subjectif et émotionnel des personnes qui ont une déficience intellectuelle, à propos de leurs liens fraternels et de leurs relations extra-familiales
Authors: Poujol Anne-Laure , Scelles Régine 
Published: May 2021

Dans un contexte où la politique inclusive favorise une diversification des relations des personnes en situation de handicap, l’objectif de cette recherche a été d’appréhender le vécu subjectif et émotionnel des personnes qui ont une déficience intellectuelle (DI), dans leurs relations aux autres, ceci à partir de ce qu’ils disent de leurs relations familiales et extra-familiales. Les théories mobilisées sont dans le domaine de la psychologie clinique, de la sociologie concernant les réseaux sociaux, et de la philosophie concernant le concept de capabilités. Cette étude a impliqué 23 adultes ayant une DI. Durant trois rencontres, ils ont évoqué leurs relations aux pairs 1/ lors d’un entretien semi-directif; 2/ avec l’outil projectif “Family Apperception Test”; 3/ avec un sociogramme. La conduite d’entretien et les outils ont été adaptés pour permettre aux personnes ayant une déficience intellectuelle de s’exprimer au mieux. L’analyse a permis de repérer deux formes de réseaux différents, qui sont impactées par plusieurs facteurs: les relations fraternelles; la scolarité inclusive ou ségrégative; la subjectivation des déficiences et de leurs conséquences. Cette étude ouvre sur la nécessité de porter attention aux réseaux relationnels aux pairs dès l’enfance en y impliquant la famille et les institutions.
Restorative Therapies for Erectile Dysfunction: Position Statement From the Sexual Medicine Society of North America (SMSNA)
Authors: Liu James L. , Chu Kevin Y. , Gabrielson Andrew T. , Wang Run , Trost Landon , Broderick Gregory , Davies Kelvin , Brock Gerald , Mulhall John , Ramasamy Ranjith , Bivalacqua Trinity J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Current non-invasive treatments for erectile dysfunction (ED) include oral medications, intracavernosal injections, and vacuum-assisted devices. Though these therapies work well for many, a subset of patients have contraindications or are unsatisfied with these options. Restorative therapies for ED are a new frontier of treatments focused on regenerating diseased tissue and providing a potential “cure” for ED.

Aim
The aim of this position statement is to examine existing clinical trial data for restorative therapies and identify elements that require further research before widespread adoption.

Methods
A literature review was performed to identify all clinical trials performed with regenerative therapy for ED. This includes treatments such as stem cell therapy (SCT), platelet rich plasma (PRP), and restorative related technologies like low-intensity shockwave therapy (LiSWT).

Main Outcome Measures
Most clinical trials in restorative therapies were assessed for safety, feasibility, or efficacy. This included recording adverse events, changes in sexual function and erectile function questionnaires, and diagnostics measures.

Results
To date there is an absence of robust clinical data supporting the efficacy of restorative therapies regarding ED, though technologies such as LiSWT have established relative safety.

Conclusions
Restorative therapies are a promising technology that represents a new frontier of treatment geared towards reversing disease pathology rather than just treating symptoms. However, current published clinical studies are limited. Future work needs to be adequately powered, multi-center, randomized, sham/placebo-controlled trials in well-characterized patient populations to ensure safety and demonstrate efficacy. Until these studies are done, restorative therapies should be reserved for clinical trials and not offered in routine clinical practice.
Single-Cell Analysis Technologies for Immuno-Oncology Research: From Mechanistic Delineation to Biomarker Discovery
Authors: Bai Zhiliang , Su Graham , Fan Rong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The successes with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cell therapy in treating multiple cancer types have established immunotherapy as a powerful curative option for patients with advanced cancers. Unfortunately, many patients do not derive benefit or long-term responses, highlighting a pressing need to perform complete investigation of the underlying mechanisms and the immunotherapy-induced tumor regression or rejection. In recent years, a large number of single-cell technologies have leveraged advances in characterizing immune system, profiling tumor microenvironment, and identifying cellular heterogeneity, which establish the foundations for lifting the veil on the comprehensive crosstalk between cancer and immune system during immunotherapies. In this review, we introduce the applications of the most widely used single-cell technologies in furthering our understanding of immunotherapies in terms of underlying mechanisms and their association with therapeutic outcomes. We also discuss how single-cell analyses help to deliver new insights into biomarker discovery to predict patient response rate, monitor acquired resistance, and support prophylactic strategy development for toxicity management. Finally, we provide an overview of applying cutting-edge single-cell spatial-omics to point out the heterogeneity of tumor–immune interactions at higher level that can ultimately guide to the rational design of next-generation immunotherapies.
Understanding and applying the RE-AIM framework: Clarifications and resources
Authors: Holtrop Jodi Summers , Estabrooks Paul A. , Gaglio Bridget , Harden Samantha M. , Kessler Rodger S. , King Diane K. , Kwan Bethany M. , Ory Marcia G. , Rabin Borsika A. , Shelton Rachel C. , Glasgow Russell E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
Understanding, categorizing, and using implementation science theories, models, and frameworks is a complex undertaking. The issues involved are even more challenging given the large number of frameworks and that some of them evolve significantly over time. As a consequence, researchers and practitioners may be unintentionally mischaracterizing frameworks or basing actions and conclusions on outdated versions of a framework.

Methods:
This paper addresses how the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) framework has been described, summarizes how the model has evolved over time, and identifies and corrects several misconceptions.

Results:
We address 13 specific areas where misconceptions have been noted concerning the use of RE-AIM and summarize current guidance on these issues. We also discuss key changes to RE-AIM over the past 20 years, including the evolution to Pragmatic Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model, and provide resources for potential users to guide application of the framework.

Conclusions:
RE-AIM and many other theories and frameworks have evolved, been misunderstood, and sometimes been misapplied. To some degree, this is inevitable, but we conclude by suggesting some actions that reviewers, framework developers, and those selecting or applying frameworks can do to prevent or alleviate these problems.
Designing a Mobile Eye Hospital to Support Health Systems in Resource-Scarce Environments
Authors: McMaster David , Clare Gerry 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEye health is an integral part of well-being that may be at increased risk when health service delivery is affected by sudden-onset disasters, complex humanitarian events, or conflict in resource-scarce environments. This study proposes a design plan for a mobile eye hospital to support health systems between the initial emergency response and recovery of health infrastructure in resource-scarce environments of low- and middle-income countries. The facility benefits from high mobility and modularity, it can be assembled and operated by minimal personnel, and easily expanded as necessary. It has capacity to host high-volume ophthalmological services without the logistical complexity of large-scale emergency medical team responses or military operations. The design provides a medium-term service that can either operate from a fixed location or be redeployed in-country with ease. Mobile eye hospitals may provide a useful facility for local governments suffering damaged health systems, or as a way to complement current eye health provision. The design may also be used by charitable nongovernmental organizations during an initial emergency response, with the ability to quickly deploy to a target location and establish eye services.
A novel laser shock post-processing technique on the laser-induced damage resistance of 1ω HfO2/SiO2 multilayer coatings
Authors: Pu Tangyang , Liu Wenwen , Wang Yueliang , Pan Xiaoming , Chen Leiqing , Liu Xiaofeng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The laser shock processing implemented by a laser-induced high-pressure plasma which propagates into the sample as a shockwave is innovatively applied as a post-processing technique on HfO2/SiO2 multilayer coatings for the first time. The pure mechanical post-processing has provided evidence of a considerable promotion effect of the laser-induced damage threshold, which increased by a factor of about 4.6 with appropriate processing parameters. The promotion mechanism is confirmed to be the comprehensive modification of the intrinsic defects and the mechanical properties, which made the applicability of this novel post-processing technique on various types of coatings possible. Based on experiments, an interaction equation for the plasma pressure is established, which clarifies the existence of the critical pressure and provides a theoretical basis for selecting optimal processing parameters. In addition to the further clarification of the underlying damage mechanism, the laser shock post-processing provides a promising technique to realize the comprehensive and effective improvement of the laser-induced damage resistance of coatings.
The impact of workload on hand hygiene compliance: Is 100% compliance achievable?
Authors: Chang Nai-Chung N. , Schweizer Marin L. , Reisinger Heather Schacht , Jones Michael , Chrischilles Elizabeth , Chorazy Margaret , Huskins W. Charles , Herwaldt Loreen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHand hygiene compliance decreased significantly when opportunities exceeded 30 per hour. At higher workloads, the number of healthcare worker types involved and the proportion of hand hygiene opportunities for which physicians and other healthcare workers were responsible increased. Thus, care complexity and risk to patients may both increase with workload.
The Middle Pleistocene to early Holocene subsurface geology of the Norderney tidal basin: new insights from core data and high-resolution sub-bottom profiling (Central Wadden Sea, southern North Sea)
Authors: Schaumann Robin M. , Capperucci Ruggero M. , Bungenstock Friederike , McCann Tom , Enters Dirk , Wehrmann Achim , Bartholomä Alexander 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPleistocene strata of the Wadden Sea region are mostly covered by an up to 10m thick sediment wedge deposited during the Holocene transgression. However, tidal inlets cut deep into the Holocene succession, causing Middle Pleistocene to early Holocene glacial and interglacial deposits to outcrop at the channel bottom. To investigate how the lithological properties and/or morphologies of these deposits affect the development of Holocene tidal inlets (e.g. limiting erosional processes), we analysed a series of eight cores to verify three high-resolution sub-bottom transects – and thus – to extend point-based data over a broader area. Furthermore, eight additional new cores (16 WASA cores in total), and 14 reinterpreted cores from the LBEG (Geological Survey of Lower Saxony) log database, were correlated to generate three short cross-sections at the transition from the tidal inlet (Riffgat channel) to the island of Norderney, revealing a number of new aspects for the reconstruction of the Pleistocene palaeoenvironments, i.e. the last two glacials (Saalian and Weichselian) and interglacials (Holsteinian? and Eemian). A succession of Middle Pleistocene lacustrine delta deposits, belonging either to the Holsteinian or the Dömnitz temperate stage, suggests the presence of Elsterian tunnel valleys located below the island. Furthermore, we verified the presence of an Eemian mixed tidal-flat system overlain by an Eemian sand tidal flat below the western head of Norderney which is, in contrast to suggestions from previous studies, not fully eroded in this area. Finally, we demonstrate that the Saalian moraine (Drenthe Main Till) functions as a limiting constraint in the vertical development of the Holocene/modern Riffgat channel. Our results provide a better understanding of the Quaternary stratigraphy of the central Wadden Sea as well as the influence of the subsurface geology on the architecture and evolution of tidal channels.
Adherence to cancer prevention recommendations is associated with a lower breast cancer risk in black urban South African women
Authors: Jacobs Inarie , Taljaard-Krugell Christine , Wicks Mariaan , Cubasch Herbert , Joffe Maureen , Laubscher Ria , Romieu Isabelle , Biessy Carine , Gunter Marc J. , Huybrechts Inge , Rinaldi Sabina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBreast cancer prevention is of great importance to reduce high incidence in South Africa. This study aimed to investigate adherence to the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) Cancer Prevention Recommendations and the association with breast cancer risk in black urban women from Soweto, South Africa. A total of 396 breast cancer cases and 396 population-based controls from the South African Breast Cancer study (SABC) matched on age and demographic settings were included. Validated questionnaires were used to collect dietary and epidemiological data. To assess adherence to these recommendations, an eight-point adherence score was developed, using tertiles among controls for scoring each recommendation (0, 0·5 and 1) with zero indicating the lowest adherence to the recommendations. OR and 95 % CI were estimated using multivariate logistic regression models to analyse associations between the WCRF/AICR score and breast cancer risk. Greater adherence (>4·5v. <3·25) to the 2018 WCRF/AICR Cancer Prevention Recommendations was associated with a significant inverse association with breast cancer risk overall (OR = 0·54, 95 % CI 0·35, 0·91) and specifically in postmenopausal women (OR = 0·55, 95 % CI 0·34, 0·95), in cases with oestrogen positive and progesterone positive breast cancer subtypes (OR = 0·54, 95 % CI 0·39, 0·89 and OR = 0·68, 95 % CI 0·43, 0·89, respectively) and in obese women (OR = 0·52, 95 % CI 0·35, 0·81). No significant association with breast cancer risk was observed in premenopausal women. Greater adherence to the 2018 WCRF/AICR Cancer Prevention Recommendations may reduce breast cancer risk in this black urban population of Soweto. Adherence thereof should be encouraged and form a part of cost-effective breast cancer prevention guidelines.
Subjective global nutritional assessment as a nutritional tool in childhood chronic liver disease
Authors: Pawaria Arti , Khanna Rajeev , Sood Vikrant , Siloliya Manish , Benjamin Jaya J. , Kumar Guresh , Alam Seema 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjective of the study was to assess subjective global nutritional assessment (SGNA) in children with chronic liver diseases (CLD). Children aged 3 months to 18 years with CLD were prospectively enrolled (January 2016 to October 2018). SGNA was performed as per validated pro forma for children. Nutritional categories were categorised into three groups: A (well-nourished), B (moderately malnourished) and C (severely malnourished). Agreement between SGNA and anthropometric measures, prediction of morbidity and death or liver transplantation (LT) at 1-year post-enrolment by SGNA and inter-observer reliability of SGNA were assessed. Ninety-two subjects were enrolled, median age 23·5 (3–216) months. SGNA classified 47 patients (51·1 %) in group A, 26 (28·3 %) in group B and 19 (20·6 %) in group C. Kendall coefficients disclosed significant association of SGNA with all anthropometric measurements, greatest with weight for age (r= −0·637), height for age (r= −0·581) and mid-arm fat area (r= −0·449). At 12 months follow-up, twenty children died and four received LT. A significantly higher number of children with malnutrition (groups B and C) had poor outcome (OR 6·74 (95 % CI 2·21, 20·55),P= 0·001), increased risk of hospital readmission (OR 12·2 (95 % CI 4·60, 35·88),P= 0·001), higher rate of infectious complications (OR 22·68 (95 % CI 7·29, 70·53),P< 0·0001) and lower median survival with native liver (Log Rank < 0·001) as compared with group A. Inter-observer agreement in assessment of SGNA was good (90·2 %). SGNA, in contrast to anthropometric measures, is a better nutritional assessment tool. It is reliable, comprehensive and predicts poor outcome in childhood CLD.
What Countries Select More Experienced Leaders? The PolEx Measure of Political Experience
Authors: Baturo Alexander , Elkink Johan A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHow can one assess which countries select more experienced leaders for the highest office? There is wide variation in prior career paths of national leaders within, and even more so between, regime types. It is therefore challenging to obtain a truly comparative measure of political experience; empirical studies have to rely on proxies instead. This article proposes PolEx, a measure of political experience that abstracts away from the details of career paths and generalizes based on the duration, quality and breadth of an individual's experience in politics. The analysis draws on a novel data set of around 2,000 leaders from 1950 to 2017 and uses a Bayesian latent variable model to estimate PolEx. The article illustrates how the new measure can be used comparatively to assess whether democracies select more experienced leaders. The authors find that while on average they do, the difference with non-democracies has declined dramatically since the early 2000s. Future research may leverage PolEx to investigate the role of prior political experience in, for example, policy making and crisis management.
Demography ofMythimna separata(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) at outdoor fluctuating temperatures
Authors: Li Bo-Liao , Li Mei-Mei , Li Tian-Tian , Wu Jun-Xiang , Xu Xiang-Li 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe oriental armywormMythimna separata(Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a major migratory pest of cereal crops in East Asia, South Asia and Australia. To comprehensively understand the ecological tolerance ofM. separata, we collected life table data of individuals from four consecutive generations reared under outdoor natural fluctuating temperatures from 15 April to 17 October 2018 in Yangling, Shaanxi, China. The results showed that the immature stage in early summer and summer were shorter than in spring and autumn. High mortality in late larval instar and pupal stages was observed in the summer generation. The adult pre-oviposition period in autumn was longer than the other seasons. The population in the earlier two seasons had heavier pupae and higher fecundity than the population in the latter two seasons. The intrinsic rate of increase and the finite rate of increase was the highest in early summer (r= 0.1292 day−1,λ= 1.1391 day−1), followed by spring (r= 0.1102 day−1,λ= 1.1165 day−1), and was the lowest in summer (r= 0.0281 day−1,λ= 1.0293 day−1). The results of this study would be useful to predict the population dynamics ofM. separataand deepen our standing of the adaptiveness of this migratory pest in natural fluctuating ambient environments.
Does Exclusion Follow the Flag? Merchant Sailors and US Imperial Expansion, 1895–1906
Authors: Riddell William D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper examines how class conflict affected US imperial expansion between 1898 and 1906. It focuses on West-Coast-based white merchant sailors and relies on union publications, legislative records, and congressional testimony to reveal how domestic class conflict shaped the boundaries, both internally and externally, of the emerging US empire. The struggle of the sailors’ unions over these imperial boundaries illustrates the real-life consequences they held for working people. These were not just abstractions. These lines often determined the type of labor systems under which workers would toil. Specifically, this article centers on the American Federation of Labor's successful effort to apply the Chinese Exclusion Act to the United States’ empire on the Pacific in 1902 as well as the Sailor's Union of the Pacific's unsuccessful attempt to apply exclusion to US-flagged merchant vessels. With that in mind, I argue that the line between domestic and foreign or nation and empire was a contested space of racially inflected class conflict. For white working people, the most pertinent question in the aftermath of the Spanish American War was not, does the constitution follow the flag? But rather, does exclusion follow the flag?
Multiple realities around sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) among adolescents in Ghana
Authors: Amo-Adjei Joshua 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe multiple realities around the sexual and reproductive health of Ghanaian adolescents are explored in this paper. Female and male adolescents (aged 10–19 years, N=298) participated in 40 focus group discussions in 20 communities. A comparative inductive approach has been used to present, analyse and document the sexual and reproductive realities of adolescents in their communities. The findings reveal commonalities as well as differences in the realities among participants. Common realities, regardless of age and sex, were teenage pregnancy and abortion, sexual violence (defilement, rape and coercive sex) and parental neglect. These aside, there were divergent realities for older adolescent girls in particular, e.g. lack of access to contraceptives and understanding of the fertility cycle, and the influences and pressures of social media and varied notions about sexual harassment between female and male adolescents. The findings, overall, underscore the complexity and nuanced lives of adolescents in traversing the sexual and reproductive maturation processes. These events unfold in communities where adolescents are ‘required’ to be silent and ‘play’ innocent regardless of their daily struggles, compounded by limited opportunities to learn and unlearn embedded norms about sexual and reproductive functioning. Some implications for sexual health promotion programmes are outlined.
Teaching drunk: Work, the online economy, and uncertainty in action
Authors: Kramer Max F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTechnological developments have led to the digitization of certain sectors of the economy, and this has many authors looking ahead to the prospects of a post-work society. While it is valuable to theorize about this possibility, it is also important to take note of the present state of work. For better or worse, it is what we are currently stuck with, and as the COVID-19 pandemic has ensured, much of that work is now taking place online. Though a ‘return to normalcy’ is on the horizon, part of that normalcy involves online work, which is itself a significant change in the lives of many workers. Here I develop an account of work on which work is teleologically structured. This gives the result that working is something we can fail at doing, even when we try, and we can also be unsure of whether we've succeeded or failed. The shift of certain work from in-person to online modes generates a persistent uncertainty for workers in affected professions. Because our ability to work is something we typically value, this uncertainty has significant negative consequences for a worker's self-conception. Indeed, it is analogous to disorders of agency and generates a kind of alienation.