bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure Following Ruxolitinib Discontinuation in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Recipients
Authors: Anandappa Annabelle J. , Hobbs Gabriela S. , Dey Bimalangshu R. , El-Jawahri Areej , Frigault Matthew J. , McAfee Steven L. , O'Donnell Paul V. , Spitzer Thomas R. , Chen Yi-Bin , DeFilipp Zachariah 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Ruxolitinib, a selective inhibitor of Janus kinases 1 and 2, is increasingly being used in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients following its approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease. Although there is extensive experience using ruxolitinib for patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms, the biologic effects and clinical implications of its dosing, tapering, and discontinuation for allogeneic HCT recipients are incompletely characterized. We describe three allogeneic HCT recipients who developed acute hypoxemic respiratory failure within 3 months of ruxolitinib discontinuation. Radiographic findings included marked bilateral ground-glass opacities. Systemic corticosteroids and reinitiation of ruxolitinib resulted in rapid clinical improvement in all three patients. All three patients achieved a significant clinical response, with decrease in oxygen requirement and improvement in radiographic changes. Given the increasing use of ruxolitinib in allogeneic HCT recipients, there is significant impetus to characterize the biologic and clinical effects resulting from discontinuation of ruxolitinib, to better tailor treatment plans and prevent potential adverse effects.
A comparison of fabric structures for carbon fiber reinforced composite: Laminated and orthogonal woven structures
Authors: Yang Tao , Hu Lizhu , Xiong Xiaoman , Wang Yuanfeng , Wang Xiaomeng , Petrů Michal , Zhang Shangyong , Mishra Rajesh , Militký Jiří 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this research, orthogonal structure carbon fiber reinforced composite was developed and its properties were compared with those of laminated structure composite. To solve the problem of yarn damage caused by friction during the weaving process, a custom‐built weaving device was build up. Compression and vacuum‐assisted resin infusion molding (VARIM) techniques were selected and compared. It was found that fiber geometries could be well retained using the later one. The orthogonal and laminated composites prepared by the VARIM technique with the fiber volume fraction were 32.76% and 38.64%, respectively. Flexure and impact tests were performed to evaluate the properties of laminated and orthogonal composites. The results show that orthogonal composite exhibits superior properties in the warp and weft directions. In addition, due to its straight yarn path and insertion of carbon fiber in the through‐thickness direction, orthogonal fabric reinforced composite exhibits an improved bending strength over composites reinforced by laminated plain woven fabric, although the fiber volume fraction of orthogonal composite is much lower than that of laminated composite. The findings indicate that orthogonal structure composite provides profound guiding significance for product development and application of carbon fiber composite.
Acrylonitrile‐based polymer/graphene nanocomposites: A review
Authors: George Elssa , Joy Jomon , Anas Saithalavi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPolymer composite materials fabricated from acrylonitrile‐derived polymers (such as polyacrylonitrile, nitrile butadiene rubber, styrene‐acrylonitrile, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) with suitable fillers have found tremendous applications due to their highly desirable properties. Graphene, a versatile 2D carbon nanomaterial, with extraordinary properties has been adopted as an effective filler component of a wide range of acrylonitrile‐based polymer composites. The modified and functionalized graphene‐based nanomaterials were incorporated into the acrylonitrile‐based polymer matrix to enhance their various properties. In contrast to conventional 1D carbon nanoparticles, the incorporation of this graphene into the polymer matrix resulted excellent improvement in mechanical, electrical, rheological, and thermal, as well as frictional properties. This has offered advances in diverse applications such as sensors, flexible electronics, Li–S battery, damping, structural, microwave shielding, aircraft, spacecraft, automobile, and so forth. Particularly, the excellent EMI (Electromagnetic interference) shielding ability of these acrylonitrile‐based polymer/graphene composites has been explored widely in microelectronics. This review focuses on the recent progress and new strategies in the development of different acrylonitrile‐based polymer/graphene nanocomposites.
Effectiveness of Sesame Workshop's Little Children, Big Challenges: A digital media SEL intervention for preschool classrooms
Authors: Oades‐Sese Geraldine V. , Cahill Abigail , Allen Jedediah Wilfred Papas , Rubic Wai‐Ling , Mahmood Noor 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis cluster‐randomized pre‐post comparison study examined the effects of using Sesame Workshop's Little Children, Big Challenges: General Resilience (LCBC) digital media toolkit in preschool classrooms over a 12‐week period. Participants included 157 preschool teachers and 766 preschool children from 159 preschool classrooms in 38 Head Start centers, 7 Military Child Development Centers, 2 community‐based preschool agencies, and a public school district. Children's social‐emotional skills, behaviors, and relationship qualities were measured using a combination of direct testing of children and teacher behavioral ratings. Hierarchical linear modeling accounted for classroom‐level nested data and the results indicated that LCBC increased emotion vocabulary, attachment, initiative, self‐control, emotion regulation, and adaptability. The LCBC intervention also significantly reduced teacher conflict, attention problems, and emotion control problems. Additionally, the teacher survey indicated that the intervention was appealing to teachers and students. Reasons for nonsignificant effects on teacher closeness, social problem solving, and social skills are discussed.
The disordered PCI‐binding human proteins CSNAP and DSS1 have diverged in structure and function
Authors: Ruidiaz Sarah F. , Dreier Jesper E. , Hartmann‐Petersen Rasmus , Kragelund Birthe B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) regularly constitute components of larger protein assemblies contributing to architectural stability. Two small, highly acidic IDPs have been linked to the so‐called PCI complexes carrying PCI‐domain subunits, including the proteasome lid and the COP9 signalosome. These two IDPs, DSS1 and CSNAP, have been proposed to have similar structural propensities and functions, but they display differences in their interactions and interactome sizes. Here we characterized the structural properties of human DSS1 and CSNAP at the residue level using NMR spectroscopy and probed their propensities to bind ubiquitin. We find that distinct structural features present in DSS1 are completely absent in CSNAP, and vice versa, with lack of relevant ubiquitin binding to CSNAP, suggesting the two proteins to have diverged in both structure and function. Our work additionally highlights that different local features of seemingly similar IDPs, even subtle sequence variance, may endow them with different functional traits. Such traits may underlie their potential to engage in multiple interactions thereby impacting their interactome sizes.
The Caenorhabditis elegans 12‐kDa small heat shock proteins with little in vitro chaperone activity play crucial roles for its dauer formation, longevity, and reproduction
Authors: Fu Xinmiao , Ezemaduka Anastasia N. , Lu Xinping , Chang Zengyi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSmall heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are known to exhibit in vitro chaperone activity by suppressing the aggregation of misfolded proteins. The 12‐kDa sHSPs (Hsp12s) subfamily members from Caenorhabditis elegans, including Hsp12.2, Hsp12.3, and Hsp12.6, however, are devoid of such chaperone activity, and their in vivo functions are poorly understood. Here we verified that Hsp12.1, similar to its homologs Hsp12.2, Hsp12.3, and Hsp12.6, hardly exhibited any chaperone activity. Strikingly, we demonstrated that these Hsp12s seem to play crucial physiological roles in C. elegans, for suppressing dauer formation and promoting both longevity and reproduction. A unique sHSP gene from Filarial nematode worm Brugia malayi was identified such that it encodes two products, one as a full‐length Hsp12.6 protein and the other one having an N‐terminal arm of normal length but lacks the C‐terminal extension. This gene may represent an intermediate form in evolution from a common sHSP to a Hsp12. Together, our study offers insights on what biological functions the chaperone‐defective sHSPs may exhibit and also implicates an evolutionary scenario for the unique Hsp12s subfamily.
Motions around conserved helical weak spots facilitate GPCR activation
Authors: Bibbe Janne M. , Vriend Gert 
Published: July 2021

AbstractG protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) participate in most physiological processes and are important drug targets in many therapeutic areas. Recently, many GPCR X‐ray structures became available, facilitating detailed studies of their sequence‐structure‐mobility‐function relations. We show that the functional role of many conserved GPCR sequence motifs is to create weak spots in the transmembrane helices that provide the structural plasticity necessary for ligand binding and signaling. Different receptor families use different conserved sequence motifs to obtain similar helix irregularities that allow for the same motions upon GPCR activation. These conserved motions come together to facilitate the timely release of the conserved sodium ion to the cytosol. Most GPCR crystal structures could be determined only after stabilization of the transmembrane helices by mutations that remove weak spots. These mutations often lead to diminished binding of agonists, but not antagonists, which logically agrees with the fact that large helix rearrangements occur only upon agonist binding. Upon activation, six of the seven TM helices in GPCRs undergo helix motions and/or deformations facilitated by weak spots in these helices. The location of these weak spots is much more conserved than the sequence motifs that cause them. Knowledge about these weak spots helps understand the activation process of GPCRs and thus helps design medicines.
The community‐wide effectiveness of municipal larval control programs for West Nile virus risk reduction in Connecticut, USA
Authors: McMillan Joseph R , Harden Christina A , Burtis James C , Breban Mallery I , Shepard John J , Petruff Tanya A , Misencik Michael J , Bransfield Angela B , Poggi Joseph D , Harrington Laura C , Andreadis Theodore G , Armstrong Philip M 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDMosquito larval control through the use of insecticides is the most common strategy for suppressing West Nile virus (WNV) vector populations in Connecticut (CT), USA. To evaluate the ability of larval control to reduce entomological risk metrics associated with WNV, we performed WNV surveillance and assessments of municipal larvicide application programs in Milford and Stratford, CT in 2019 and 2020. Each town treated catch basins and nonbasin habitats (Milford only) with biopesticide products during both WNV transmission seasons. Adult mosquitoes were collected weekly with gravid and CO2‐baited light traps and tested for WNV; larvae and pupae were sampled weekly from basins within 500 m of trapping sites, and Culex pipiens larval mortality was determined with laboratory bioassays of catch basin water samples.RESULTSDeclines in 4th instar larvae and pupae were observed in catch basins up to 2‐week post‐treatment, and we detected a positive relationship between adult female C. pipiens collections in gravid traps and pupal abundance in basins. We also detected a significant difference in total light trap collections between the two towns. Despite these findings, C. pipiens adult collections and WNV mosquito infection prevalence in gravid traps were similar between towns.CONCLUSIONLarvicide applications reduced pupal abundance and the prevalence of host‐seeking adults with no detectable impact on entomological risk metrics for WNV. Further research is needed to better determine the level of mosquito larval control required to reduce WNV transmission risk.
Genetic architecture underlying HPPD‐inhibitor resistance in a Nebraska Amaranthus tuberculatus population
Authors: Murphy Brent P , Beffa Roland , Tranel Patrick J 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDAmaranthus tuberculatus is a problematic weed species in Midwest USA agricultural systems. Inhibitors of 4‐hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) are an important chemistry for weed management in numerous cropping systems. Here, we characterize the genetic architecture underlying the HPPD‐inhibitor resistance trait in an A. tuberculatus population (NEB).RESULTSDose–response studies of an F1 generation identified HPPD‐inhibitor resistance as a dominant trait with a resistance factor of 15.0–21.1 based on dose required for 50% growth reduction. Segregation analysis in a pseudo‐F2 generation determined the trait is moderately heritable (H2 = 0.556) and complex. Bulk segregant analysis and validation with molecular markers identified two quantitative trait loci (QTL), one on each of Scaffold 4 and 12.CONCLUSIONSResistance to HPPD inhibitors is a complex, largely dominant trait within the NEB population. Two large‐effect QTL were identified controlling HPPD‐inhibitor resistance in A. tuberculatus. This is the first QTL mapping study to characterize herbicide resistance in a weedy species.
Mechanisms of migrant exclusion: Temporary labour, precarious noncitizenship, and technologies of detention
Authors: Parreñas Rhacel , Landolt Patricia , Goldring Luin , Golash‐Boza Tanya , Silvey Rachel 
Published: July 2021

Abstract‘Mechanisms of Migrant Exclusion’ focuses on the exclusionary measures that migrant workers confront. Although migration studies have long attended to various social and structural systems of exclusion, for instance, xenophobia and nativism (De Genova, 2005,https://doi.org/10.1515/9780822387091; Golash‐Boza, 2011,https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203123928, and 2015,https://doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479894666.001.0001), recent global shifts in immigration politics and temporary labour regimes have increased the urgency of attending to the rise of global and transnational systems or regimes of exclusion. Internationally, noncitizens have grown increasingly vulnerable to detention and deportation (Mountz, 2020, 10.5749/j.ctv15d8153), whereas migrant contract workers continue to be systematically denied rights and protections in the labour market (Strauss and McGrath, 2017, 10.1016/j.geoforum.2016.01.008). These mechanisms of exclusion illustrate the range of limitations faced by migrants, particularly those who are undocumented, refugees, or temporary workers.
Superatomic nature of metal encapsulated dodecahedrane: The case of M@C20H20 (M = Li, Na, Mg+)
Authors: Ariyarathna Isuru R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe idea of designing unprecedented materials made of superatomic building blocks, motivated the present study on endohedral M@C20H20 (M = Li, Na, Mg+) species. Ground and excited electronic structures of M@C20H20 (M = Li, Na, Mg+) were analyzed by means of high‐level quantum calculations. In their ground states, one electron occupies a defuse superatomic s‐orbital that lies around the C20H20 cage. These entities populate higher angular momentum p‐, d‐, f‐, g‐superatomic orbitals in their low‐lying electronic states. The proposed superatomic Aufbau shell model for Li@C20H20 and Na@C20H20 is 1s, 1p, 1d, 2s, 1f, 2p, 2d, 1g, 2f slightly different from that of Mg@C20H20+ which is 1s, 1p, 1d, 2s, 1f, 2p, 2d, 1g, 3s, 2f, 2g, 3p. These introduced superatomic orbital series resemble the Aufbau principle of solvated electron precursors.
Multi‐innovation Newton recursive methods for solving the support vector machine regression problems
Authors: Ma Hao , Ding Feng , Wang Yan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe support vector machine has been widely used in binary classification applications because of the simplicity of its implementation. This article proposes an online identification method based on the support vector machine in the field of parameter identification. By substituting the constraint item into the original criterion function to form a new criterion function about the weight vector and the bias item, and then on the basis of the recursive identification methods, the newly established criterion function is minimized by using the Newton search to derive the Newton recursive support vector machine algorithm. Additionally, in order to improve the performance of the Newton recursive support vector machine algorithm, the multi‐innovation identification theory is applied to optimize the algorithm, and a multi‐innovation Newton recursive support vector machine algorithm is derived. In addition, the convergence and the calculation amount of the proposed algorithms are carefully analyzed in this article. Finally, a numerical simulation example is given to compare the Newton recursive algorithm and the corresponding multi‐innovation recursive algorithm. The results show that the algorithms and optimization strategy studied in this article are effective.
Time‐ and Space‐Resolved Flow‐Cytometry of Cell Organelles to Quantify Nanoparticle Uptake and Intracellular Trafficking by Cells
Authors: Garcia Romeu Hector , Deville Sarah , Salvati Anna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe design of targeted nanomedicines requires intracellular space‐ and time‐resolved data of nanoparticle distribution following uptake. Current methods to study intracellular trafficking, such as dynamic colocalization by fluorescence microscopy in live cells, are usually low throughput and require extensive analysis of large datasets to quantify colocalization in several individual cells. Here a method based on flow cytometry to easily detect and characterize the organelles in which nanoparticles are internalized and trafficked over time is proposed. Conventional cell fractionation methods are combined with immunostaining and high‐sensitivity organelle flow cytometry to get space‐resolved data of nanoparticle intracellular distribution. By extracting the organelles at different times, time‐resolved data of nanoparticle intracellular trafficking are obtained. The method is validated by determining how nanoparticle size affects the kinetics of arrival to the lysosomes. The results demonstrate that this method allows high‐throughput analysis of nanoparticle uptake and intracellular trafficking by cells, therefore it can be used to determine how nanoparticle design affects their intracellular behavior.
Two‐Dimensional MXene Synapse for Brain‐Inspired Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Ju Jae Hyeok , Seo Seunghwan , Baek Sungpyo , Lee Dongyoung , Lee Seojoo , Lee Taeran , Kim Byeongchan , Lee Je‐Jun , Koo Jiwan , Choo Hyeongseok , Lee Sungjoo , Park Jin‐Hong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMXenes, an emerging class of two‐dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides and nitrides, have attracted wide attention because of their fascinating properties required in functional electronics. Here, an atomic‐switch‐type artificial synapse fabricated on Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets with lots of surface functional groups, which successfully mimics the dynamics of biological synapses, is reported. Through in‐depth analysis by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, it is found that the synaptic dynamics originated from the gradual formation and annihilation of the conductive metallic filaments on the MXene surface with distributed functional groups. Subsequently, via training and inference tasks using a convolutional neural network for the Canadian‐Institute‐For‐Advanced‐Research‐10 dataset, the applicability of the artificial MXene synapse to hardware neural networks is demonstrated.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Textured Li4Ti5O12: A High‐Power and Long‐Cycle Life Anode for Lithium‐Ion Thin‐Film Batteries
Authors: Speulmanns Jan , Kia Alireza M. , Bönhardt Sascha , Weinreich Wenke , Adelhelm Philipp 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe “zero‐strain” Li4Ti5O12 is an attractive anode material for 3D solid‐state thin‐film batteries (TFB) to power upcoming autonomous sensor systems. Herein, Li4Ti5O12 thin films fabricated by atomic layer deposition (ALD) are electrochemically evaluated for the first time. The developed ALD process with a growth per cycle of 0.6 Å cycle−1 at 300 °C enables high‐quality and dense spinel films with superior adhesion after annealing. The short lithium‐ion diffusion pathways of the nanostructured 30 nm films result in excellent electrochemical properties. Planar films reveal 98% of the theoretical capacity with 588 mAh cm−3 at 1 C. Substrate‐dependent film texture is identified as a key tuning parameter for exceptional C‐rate performance. The highly parallel grains of a strong out‐of‐plane (111)‐texture allow capacities of 278 mAh cm−3 at extreme rates of 200 C. Outstanding cycle performance is demonstrated, resulting in 97.9% capacity retention of the initial 366 mAh cm−3 after 1000 cycles at 100 C. Compared to other deposition techniques, the superior performance of ALD Li4Ti5O12 is a breakthrough towards scalable high‐power 3D TFBs.
Digital innovation and Industry 4.0 for global value chain resilience: Lessons learned and ways forward
Authors: Dilyard John , Zhao Shasha , You Jacqueline Jing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis perspective article highlights some major implications of the recent pandemic (Covid‐19) on global value chains (GVCs) and how the pandemic can accelerate the adoption of digital and Industry 4.0 technologies in GVCs, with attention paid to multinational enterprises and small‐medium enterprises. Particularly, it discusses the potential value of digital technologies in enhancing GVC resilience for better mitigation of disruptions caused by future global shocks. It also proposes useful avenues for future policy considerations to support and direct deployment of digital technologies across key stakeholders in GVCs.
In vitro antimetastatic activity of Momordica balsamina crude acetone extract in HT‐29 human colon cancer cells
Authors: Serala Karabo , Steenkamp Paul , Mampuru Leseilane , Prince Sharon , Poopedi Kgomotso , Mbazima Vusi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPlant‐derived compounds and/or extracts have proven to be beneficial for the treatment of a broad spectrum of cancers with minimal side effects. In this study, we investigated whether a crude acetone extract of Momordica balsamina (MBE) can interfere with the metastatic ability of HT‐29 colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. The phytochemical composition of MBE was determined by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography and cytotoxic effects by the MTT and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining assays. The effect of MBE on the formation of reactive oxygen species was assessed using the DCFH2‐DA assay. Wound healing assay, transwell cell invasion assay, cell adhesion assay, and the extracellular matrix‐cell adhesion array were used to assess the antimetastatic effects of MBE. The effect of MBE on the expression of TNF‐α, NF‐κB, TIMP‐3, MMP‐2, and MMP‐9 was assessed by western blot analysis. Our results showed that MBE consists of a mixture of compounds without a known anticancer activity in CRC and exhibits cytotoxicity against HT‐29 cells. MBE also suppressed reactive oxygen species formation, cell invasion, cell migration, and cell adhesion. The reduction of cell invasion was associated with the downregulation of TNF‐α, NF‐κB, MMP2, and MMP9 and upregulation of TIMP‐3 proteins. We concluded that MBE inhibits the metastatic ability of HT‐29 CRC cells in vitro.