bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does information structuring improve recall of discharge information? A cluster randomized clinical trial
Authors: Siegrist Victoria , Mata Rui , Langewitz Wolf , Gerger Heike , Furger Stephan , Hertwig Ralph , Bingisser Roland 
Published: October 2021

Objectives
The impact of the quality of discharge communication between physicians and their patients is critical on patients’ health outcomes. Nevertheless, low recall of information given to patients at discharge from emergency departments (EDs) is a well-documented problem. Therefore, we investigated the outcomes and related benefits of two different communication strategies: Physicians were instructed to either use empathy (E) or information structuring (S) skills hypothesizing superior recall by patients in the S group.

Methods
For the direct comparison of two communication strategies at discharge, physicians were cluster-randomized to an E or a S skills training. Feasibility was measured by training completion rates. Outcomes were measured in patients immediately after discharge, after 7, and 30 days. Primary outcome was patients’ immediate recall of discharge information. Secondary outcomes were feasibility of training implementation, patients’ adherence to recommendations and satisfaction, as well as the patient-physician relationship.

Results
Of 117 eligible physicians, 80 (68.4%) completed the training. Out of 256 patients randomized to one of the two training groups (E: 146 and S: 119) 196 completed the post-discharge assessment. Patients’ immediate recall of discharge information was superior in patients in the S-group vs. E-group. Patients in the S-group adhered to more recommendations within 30 days (p = .002), and were more likely to recommend the physician to family and friends (p = .021). No differences were found on other assessed outcome domains.

Conclusions and practice Implications
Immediate recall and subsequent adherence to recommendations were higher in the S group. Feasibility was shown by a 69.6% completion rate of trainings. Thus, trainings of discharge information structuring are feasible and improve patients’ recall, and may therefore improve quality of care in the ED.
Mechanistic modelling of COVID-19 and the impact of lockdowns on a short-time scale
Authors: Ahmed Danish A. , Ansari Ali R. , Imran Mudassar , Dingle Kamal , Bonsall Michael B. 
Published: October 2021

Background
To mitigate the spread of the COVID-19 coronavirus, some countries have adopted more stringent non-pharmaceutical interventions in contrast to those widely used. In addition to standard practices such as enforcing curfews, social distancing, and closure of non-essential service industries, other non-conventional policies also have been implemented, such as the total lockdown of fragmented regions, which are composed of sparsely and highly populated areas.

Methods
In this paper, we model the movement of a host population using a mechanistic approach based on random walks, which are either diffusive or super-diffusive. Infections are realised through a contact process, whereby a susceptible host is infected if in close spatial proximity of the infectious host with an assigned transmission probability. Our focus is on a short-time scale (∼ 3 days), which is the average time lag time before an infected individual becomes infectious.

Results
We find that the level of infection remains approximately constant with an increase in population diffusion, and also in the case of faster population dispersal (super-diffusion). Moreover, we demonstrate how the efficacy of imposing a lockdown depends heavily on how susceptible and infectious individuals are distributed over space.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that on a short-time scale, the type of movement behaviour does not play an important role in rising infection levels. Also, lock-down restrictions are ineffective if the population distribution is homogeneous. However, in the case of a heterogeneous population, lockdowns are effective if a large proportion of infectious carriers are distributed in sparsely populated sub-regions.
Puerto Ricans and Mexican immigrants differ in their psychological responses to patterns of lifetime adversity
Authors: Cooper Daniel K. , Bámaca-Colbert Mayra , Layland Eric K. , Simpson Emily G. , Bayly Benjamin L. 
Published: October 2021

Background
Puerto Ricans and Mexican immigrants are often exposed to multiple types of adversity across their lifetime (e.g., maltreatment, household dysfunction, discrimination) and this exposure can increase the risk for adult mental health problems.

Purpose
The objective of this study was to (a) identify subgroups of individuals exposed to unique combinations of childhood adversity and lifetime discrimination among Puerto Ricans and Mexican immigrants, and (b) compare the prevalence of mental health problems across different risk profiles.

Method
We used existing data from the HCHS/SOL Sociocultural Ancillary Study. Participants included Puerto Rican (N = 402) and Mexican adults (N = 1351) born outside but living in the continental U.S.

Findings
Through latent profile analysis, we selected a three-profile solution for Puerto Ricans: (a) Low Exposure (low on all adversity items; 58% of sample), (b) Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Only (high on ACEs items, average or lower than average on discrimination items; 32%), and (c) Dual Exposure (high on all adversity items; 10%). For Mexicans, we selected a four-profile solution: (a) Low Exposure (52%), (b) ACEs Only (24%), (c) Maltreatment and Discrimination (15%), and (d) Dual Exposure (9%). For Mexicans, we found that the Dual Exposure and the Maltreatment and Discrimination profiles had the highest levels of mental health problems. For Puerto Ricans, the Dual Exposure and ACEs Only profiles had the highest levels of mental health problems, suggesting that Puerto Ricans may be more vulnerable to the effects of childhood adversities as compared to Mexican immigrants. Results from our study indicate that different patterns of adversity exposure are linked to different levels of mental health outcomes, and therefore, may require different intervention dosage. Understanding which groups of individuals are at highest and lowest risk for mental health problems is critical for developing effective, tailored interventions to prevent the negative effects of childhood adversity and discrimination for Latinxs.
Timely surveillance and temporal calibration of disease response against human infectious diseases
Authors: Najeebullah Kamran , Liebig Jessica , Darbro Jonathan , Jurdak Raja , Paini Dean 
Published: October 2021

Background
Disease surveillance and response are critical components of epidemic preparedness. The disease response, in most cases, is a set of reactive measures that follow the outcomes of the disease surveillance. Hence, timely surveillance is a prerequisite for an effective response.

Methodology/principal findings
We apply epidemiological soundness criteria in combination with the Latent Influence Point Process and time-to-event models to construct a disease spread network. The network implicitly quantifies the fertility (whether a case leads to secondary cases) and reproduction (number of secondary cases per infectious case) of the cases as well as the size and generations (of the infection chain) of the outbreaks. We test our approach by applying it to historic dengue case data from Australia. Using the data, we empirically confirm that high morbidity relates positively with delay in disease response. Moreover, we identify what constitutes timely surveillance by applying various thresholds of disease response delay to the network and report their impact on case fertility, reproduction, number of generations and ultimately, outbreak size. We observe that enforcing a response delay threshold of 5 days leads to a large average reduction across all parameters (occurrence 87%, reproduction 83%, outbreak size 80% and outbreak generations 47%), whereas extending the threshold to 10 days, in comparison, significantly limits the effectiveness of the response actions. Lastly, we identify the components of the disease surveillance system that can be calibrated to achieve the identified thresholds.

Conclusion
We identify practically achievable, timely surveillance thresholds (on temporal scale) that lead to an effective response and identify how they can be satisfied. Our approach can be utilized to provide guidelines on spatially and demographically targeted resource allocation for public awareness campaigns as well as to improve diagnostic abilities and turn-around times for the doctors and laboratories involved.
Identifying modifiable risk factors of lung cancer: Indications from Mendelian randomization
Authors: Ding Jie , Tu Zhenxing , Chen Hongquan , Liu Zhiguang 
Published: October 2021

Background
Lung cancer is the major cause of mortality in tumor patients. While its incidence rate has recently declined, it is still far from satisfactory and its potential modifiable risk factors should be explored.

Methods
We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate the causal relationship between potentially modifiable risk factors (namely smoking behavior, alcohol intake, anthropometric traits, blood pressure, lipidemic traits, glycemic traits, and fasting insulin) and lung cancer. Besides, a bi-directional MR analysis was carried out to disentangle the complex relationship between different risk factors. Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) was utilized to combine the estimation for each SNP. Cochrane’s Q value was used to evaluate heterogeneity and two methods, including MR-Egger intercept and MR-PRESSO, were adopted to detect horizontal pleiotropy.

Results
Three kinds of smoking behavior were all causally associated with lung cancer. Overall, smokers were more likely to suffer from lung cancer compared with non-smokers (OR = 2.58 [1.95, 3.40], p-value = 2.07 x 10−11), and quitting smoking could reduce the risk (OR = 4.29[2.60, 7.07], p-value = 1.23 x 10−8). Furthermore, we found a dose-response relationship between the number of cigarettes and lung cancer (OR = 6.10 [5.35, 6.96], p-value = 4.43x10-161). Lower HDL cholesterol could marginally increase the risk of lung cancer, but become insignificant after Bonferroni correction (OR = 0.82 [0.68, 1.00], p-value = 0.045). In addition, we noted no direct causal relationship between other risk factors and lung cancer. Neither heterogeneity nor pleiotropy was observed in this study. However, when treating the smoking behavior as the outcome, we found the increased BMI could elevate the number of cigarettes per day (beta = 0.139[0.104, 0.175], p-value = 1.99x10-14) and a similar effect was observed for the waist circumference and hip circumference. Additionally, the elevation of SBP could also marginally increase the number of cigarettes per day (beta = 0.001 [0.0002, 0.002], p-value = 0.018).

Conclusion
Smoking behavior might be the most direct and effective modifiable way to reduce the risk of lung cancer. Meanwhile, smoking behavior can be affected by other risk factors, especially obesity.
Estratégias Pedagógicas no Ensino de Ciências para estudantes surdos no momento de Ensino remoto
Authors: Vieira Claudia Regina , Jinkings Julia Bueno , Calixto Santos Larissa Elen , Brandão Drumond Louise Victórie 
Published: October 2021

A chegada da Covid-19 impôs diferentes tipos de desafios para a Humanidade. A Educação também precisou se adaptar a essa nova realidade. Os professores do Ensino Médio e da Escola Preparatória, locais onde as coletas foram realizadas, precisaram reorganizar-se para propor a continuidade das atividades a distância levando em consideração os estudantes surdos usuários da Libras. Neste contexto este trabalho teve como objetivo inserir três estudantes do Ensino Médio na pesquisa científica como participantes do projeto Iniciação Científica para estudantes de Ensino Médio realizada na Universidade Federal do ABC - UFABC a partir da seleção e análise de algumas atividades para ensino de Ciências com ênfase a Física, Química e Biologia. As atividades foram coletadas na Escola Preparatória e comparadas com as atividades realizadas pelas pesquisadoras do Ensino Médio em sua unidade escolar, uma escola bilingue de educação para surdos, amparadas pela literatura trabalhada com a orientadora. A partir do trabalho as estudantes apontam como resultados algumas recomendações para os professores desde o preparo das atividades até a escolha da Plataforma online que permita uma visualização e por consequência uma melhor possibilidade de participação e interação para os estudantes surdos.
Textos multimodais no ensino de língua espanhola e letramentos críticos
Authors: Dos Santos França Simone 
Published: October 2021

Neste texto são analisadas atividades multimodais presentes no livro Cercanía Joven de língua espanhola, observando como elas podem favorecer um trabalho voltado para o letramento crítico. Tal trabalho justifica-se por contribuir para a produção científica da linha de ensino e aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras, pois tem como foco dois temas relevantes no contexto educacional brasileiro atual: o letramento crítico e a elaboração de livros didáticos. As análises apontam para o fato de que as atividades multimodais presentes no livro em questão maximizam a relação entre o educando e a proposta na perspectiva do letramento crítico, no entanto, o trabalho com os textos ainda pode ser aprofundado a fim de contemplar outros aspectos, tais como, questões de gênero e práticas sociais para uma visão mais crítica.
A medicalização do fracasso escolar na concepção dos pais e/ou responsáveis de crianças com queixa escolar
Authors: Cassiano Silva Janaina , Arruda Nunes Ana Clara de 
Published: October 2021

As intervenções médicas na área da educação são cada vez mais frequentes e recorrentes como alternativa para superação do fracasso escolar das crianças. Nesse sentido, o estudo investigou a medicalização do fracasso escolar na concepção dos pais e/ou responsáveis de crianças com queixa escolar. Foi realizada pesquisa qualitativa pautada na Teoria Histórico-Cultural com a participação de cinco (5) responsáveis pelas crianças com queixa escolar atendidas no ano de 2019, no projeto de extensão Orientação à Queixa Escolar da Universidade Federal de Catalão. Para a obtenção dos dados realizou-se entrevistas semiestruturadas analisadas à luz da Teoria Histórico-Cultural. Notou-se posicionamento contrário à medicalização do fracasso escolar por parte das responsáveis, além disso, elas apontaram a escola como principal lugar de produção da queixa escolar. As entrevistadas relataram melhoras no comportamento e na superação da queixa escolar das crianças, mediante a participação no projeto de extensão Orientação à Queixa Escolar. Dessa forma, a mediação de qualidade pautada em questões sociais, históricas e educacionais foi observada como eficaz para a superação do fracasso escolar.
Association of polymorphic variants of genes <i>(HTR2A, MTNR1A, MTNR1B, CLOCK, DRD2)</i> and insomnia in alcohol dependence syndrome
Authors: Efremov I. S. , Asadullin A. R. , Dobrodeeva V. S. , Shnayder N. A. , Akhmetova E. A. , Tukhvatullina D. R. , Krupitsky E. M. , Nasyrova R. F. 
Published: October 2021

The majority of patients with alcohol dependence syndrome suffer from sleep disorders, particularly insomnia, associated with a number of critical clinical aspects, increased suicide risk, anxiety and depression. The authors of relevant publications indicate associations between polymorphic melatonin genes and melatonin metabolism and symptoms of sleep disorders. However, the literature review failed to reveal any studies on the role of genetic polymorphism of circadian rhythm regulators in sleep disorders in patients with alcohol dependence.Objective: to determine the associations of polymorphic variants of genes HTR2A, MTNR1A, MTNR1B, CLOCK, DRD2 with sleep disorders risk in alcohol dependence syndrome.Patients and methods. 307 patients with alcohol dependence syndrome were screened, including 61 women (21%) and 246 (79%) men (mean age – 41.92±7.9 years). The presence and severity of sleep disorders were assessed by the Insomnia Severity Index. In addition, 10 ml of venous blood sample was obtained from all participants. Genotyping of single nucleotide variants of HTR2A (rs6313), MTNR1A (rs34532313), MTNR1B (rs10830963), CLOCK (rs1801260), DRD2 (rs1800497) genes was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis of the data was conducted using parametric and nonparametric methods.Results and discussion. The carriage of the *G allele of the polymorphic variant of the MTNR1B (rs10830963) gene, and its genotypes are associated with a greater risk of insomnia than the carriage of *С/*С genotype. The carriage of the *С allele of the polymorphic variant of the CLOCK (rs1801260) gene, as well as the *С/*Т genotype, are associated with the presence of sleep disorders. No associations between polymorphic variants of the HTR2A (rs6313), DRD2 (rs1800497) genes and insomnia risk were detected in patients with alcohol dependence syndrome.Conclusion. The found associations reveal prospects for future research on melatonin's role in the pathophysiology of sleep disorders in patients with alcohol dependence and pathogenetic therapy for insomnia.
Ultrafast Computation of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction by Using Temporal Intensity Variation in Cine Cardiac Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Pednekar Amol S. , Cheong Benjamin Y.C. , Muthupillai Raja 
Published: October 2021

Cardiac magnetic resonance enables comprehensive cardiac evaluation; however, intense time and labor requirements for data acquisition and processing have discouraged many clinicians from using it. We have developed an alternative image-processing algorithm that requires minimal user interaction: an ultrafast algorithm that computes left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by using temporal intensity variation in cine balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) short-axis images, with or without contrast medium. We evaluated the algorithm's performance against an expert observer's analysis for segmenting the LV cavity in 65 study participants (LVEF range, 12%–70%). In 12 instances, contrast medium was administered before cine imaging. Bland-Altman analysis revealed quantitative effects of LV basal, midcavity, and apical morphologic variation on the algorithm's accuracy.
Total computation time for the LV stack was <2.5 seconds. The algorithm accurately delineated endocardial boundaries in 1,132 of 1,216 slices (93%). When contours in the extreme basal and apical slices were not adequate, they were replaced with manually drawn contours. The Bland-Altman mean differences were <1.2 mL (0.8%) for end-diastolic volume, <5 mL (6%) for end-systolic volume, and <3% for LVEF. Standard deviation of the difference was ≤4.1% of LV volume for all sections except the midcavity in end-systole (8.3% of end-systolic volume).
We conclude that temporal intensity variation–based ultrafast LVEF computation is clinically accurate across a range of LV shapes and wall motions and is suitable for postcontrast cine SSFP imaging. Our algorithm enables real-time processing of cine bSSFP images on a commercial scanner console within 3 seconds in an unobtrusive automated process.
The Global Configuration of Visual Stimuli Alters Co-Fluctuations of Cross-Hemispheric Human Brain Activity
Authors: Nasr Shahin , Kleinfeld David , Polimeni Jonathan R. 
Published: October 2021

We tested how a stimulus gestalt, defined by the neuronal interaction between local and global features of a stimulus, is represented within human primary visual cortex (V1). We used high-resolution fMRI, which serves as a surrogate of neuronal activation, to measure co-fluctuations within subregions of V1 as (male and female) subjects were presented with peripheral stimuli, each with different global configurations. We found stronger cross-hemisphere correlations when fine-scale V1 cortical subregions represented parts of the same object compared with different objects. This result was consistent with the vertical bias in global processing and, critically, was independent of the task and local discontinuities within objects. Thus, despite the relatively small receptive fields of neurons within V1, global stimulus configuration affects neuronal processing via correlated fluctuations between regions that represent different sectors of the visual field.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe provide the first evidence for the impact of global stimulus configuration on cross-hemispheric fMRI fluctuations, measured in human primary visual cortex. Our results are consistent with changes in the level of γ-band synchrony, which has been shown to be affected by global stimulus configuration, being reflected in the level fMRI co-fluctuations. These data help narrow the gap between knowledge of global stimulus configuration encoding at the single-neuron level versus at the behavioral level.
PENGARUH PELATIHAN LADDER DRILL DENGAN METODE ASCENDING DAN DESCENDING TERDADAP PENINGKATAN KECEPATAN DAN KELINCAHAN
Authors: Fikri Muhammad Dzul , Wiriawan Oce , Widodo Achmad 
Published: October 2021

Abstrak
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh penurunan prestasi atlet futsal SMA Antartika Sidoarjo. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh latihan Ladder Drill dengan metode latihan ascending dan metode latihan descending terhadap peningkatan kecepatan dan kelincahan pada siswa ekstrakurikuler futsal SMA Antartika Sidoarjo.
Jenis penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan metode quasi-experiment. Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design yang dilaksanakan dalam 24 kali pertemuan dalam 8 minggu. Instrumen tes kecepatan menggunakan lari 40 meter, sedangkan instrumen kelincahan menggunakan shuttle run test. Analisis data yang digunakan untuk mengolah hasil penelitian menggunakan uji-t, MANOVA, dan Post Hoc dengan uji Scheffe.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan kecepatan dan kelincahan yang signifikan dari metode ascending dan descending. Sedangkan analisis post hoc uji Scheffe tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok ascending dan kelompok descending terhadap kecepatan dan kelincahan.
Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kedua metode ascending dan descending, dapat meningkatkan kecepatan dan kelincahan sama baiknya terhadap atlet futsal SMA Antartika Sidoarjo.
Abstract
This research was motivated by a decrease in the achievement of futsal athletes at SMA Antartika Sidoarjo. This study aims to examine the effect of ladder drill training with ascending training methods and descending training methods on increasing speed and agility in futsal extracurricular students at SMA Antartika Sidoarjo.
The type of research in this research is quantitative with a quasi-experimental method. The design used in the study was the Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design which was carried out in 24 meetings in 8 weeks. The speed test instrument uses 40 meters running, while the agility instrument uses the shuttle run test. Analysis of the data used to process the research results using the t-test, MANOVA, and Post Hoc with the Scheffe test.
The results showed a significant increase in speed and agility from the ascending and descending methods. While the post hoc analysis of the Scheffe test, there was no significant difference between the ascending and descending groups in terms of speed and agility.
The results of this study concluded that both ascending and descending methods can improve speed and agility as well as futsal athletes at SMA Antartika Sidoarjo.