bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A prospective clinical and transcriptomic feasibility study of oral‐only hormonal therapy with radiation for unfavorable prostate cancer in men 70 years of age and older or with comorbidity
Authors: Onderdonk Benjamin E. , Dorn Paige L. , Martinez Carlos , Arif Fauzia , Cloutier Denise , Antic Tatjana , Golden Daniel W. , Karrison Theodore , Pitroda Sean P. , Szmulewitz Russell Z. , Liauw Stanley L. 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUNDAndrogen deprivation therapy (ADT) improves outcomes in unfavorable‐risk prostate cancer (PCa) treated with radiation therapy (RT). It was hypothesized that replacing luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists with a 5‐α‐reductase inhibitor (5‐ARI) would improve hormonal health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) without differentially suppressing androgen‐responsive (AR) gene expression.METHODSPatients with localized unfavorable‐risk PCa, aged ≥70 years or Charlson Comorbidity Index score ≥2 were treated with oral ADT (oADT), consisting of 4 months of bicalutamide, a 5‐ARI, and RT at 78 Gy. The primary end point was Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite HRQOL at 6 months ≤30%, and improvement compared with a synchronous standard of care (SOC) cohort receiving 4 months of bicalutamide and long‐term LHRH agonist with RT. RNA sequencing was performed from matched pre‐/post‐ADT prostate tumor biopsies in a subset of men. Differential gene and pathway expressional changes were examined using gene set enrichment.RESULTSBetween 2011 and 2018, 40 and 30 men were enrolled in the oADT and SOC cohorts, respectively. Median follow‐up was 40 months. Those with ≤30% decline in hormonal HRQOL at 6 months was 97% (oADT) and 93% (SOC). The average 6‐month hormonal decline was 1% (oADT) versus 12% (SOC; P = .04). The 4‐year freedom from biochemical failure was 88% (oADT) versus 81% (SOC; P = .48). RNA sequencing (n = 9) showed similar numbers of downregulated and upregulated genes between the treatment groups (fold‐change = 2; false‐discovery rate‐adjusted P ≤ .05). Both treatments comparably decreased the expression of 20 genes in canonical androgen receptor signaling.CONCLUSIONSFor men with PCa undergoing RT, oral versus standard ADT may improve 6‐month QOL and appears to have a similar impact on androgen‐responsive gene expression.
Chemical Processes Involving 18‐Crown‐6‐Ether in Activated Noncovalent Complexes with Protonated Peptides
Authors: Abdelmouleh Marwa , Lalande Mathieu , Nicol Edith , Frison Gilles , van der Rest Guillaume , Poully Jean‐Christophe 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThese last decades, it has been widely assumed that 18‐crown‐6‐ether (CE) plays a spectator role during the chemical processes occurring in isolated host‐guest complexes between peptides or proteins and CE after activation in mass spectrometers. Our present experimental and theoretical results challenge this hypothesis by showing that CE can abstract a proton or a protonated molecule from protonated peptides after activation by collisions in argon or electron capture/transfer. Furthermore, thanks to comparison between experimental and calculated values of collision cross‐sections, we demonstrate that CE can change binding site after electron transfer. We also propose detailed mechanisms for these processes.
Electrochemical Reduction of O2 in Ca2+‐Containing DMSO: Role of Roughness and Single Crystal Structure
Authors: Köllisch‐Mirbach Andreas , Park Inhee , Hegemann Martina , Thome Elke , Baltruschat Helmut 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this study, the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in Ca2+‐containing dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at well‐ordered and rough electrode surfaces is compared by using cyclic voltammetry, differential electrochemical mass spectrometry, rotating ring disk electrode, and atomic force microscopy measurements. Slightly soluble CaO2 is the main product during early ORR on gold electrodes; after completion of a monolayer of CaO and/or CaO2, which is formed in parallel and in competition to the peroxide, only superoxide is formed. When the monolayer is completely closed on smooth annealed Au, no further reduction occurs, whereas on rough Au a defect‐rich layer allows for continuous formation of superoxide. CaO2 formed either via two subsequent 1
transfer steps or by disproportionation of superoxide may be deposited on top of the CaO/CaO2 adsorbate layer. The slow dissolution of the peroxide particles is demonstrated by AFM. Whereas a smooth CaO/CaO2‐covered electrode shows severe deactivation and a CaO/CaO2‐covered rough electrode allows for diffusion‐limited superoxide formation, on single crystals peroxide formation is more pronounced. The reason is most likely the lack of nucleation sites for the blocking CaO/CaO2 layer. RRDE investigations showed sluggish reoxidation kinetics of the dissolved peroxide, which are most likely due to ion pairing with Ca2+. The apparent transfer coefficient is estimated by using variation of the electrode roughness, confirming the result of the usual Tafel analysis and indicating an equilibrated first 1
transfer.
Tuning of Reciprocal Carbon‐Electrode Properties for an Optimized Hydrogen Evolution.
Authors: Ding Yuxiao , Zhang Liyun , Gu Qingqing , Spanos Ioannis , Pfänder Norbert , Wu Kuang Hsu , Schlögl Robert , Heumann Saskia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractClosing the material cycle for harmful and rare resources is a key criterion for sustainable and green energy systems. The concept of using scalable biomass‐derived carbon electrodes to produce hydrogen from water was proposed here, satisfying the need for sustainability in the field of chemical energy conversion. The carbon electrodes exhibited not only water oxidation activity but also a strong self‐oxidation when being used as anode for water splitting. The carbon oxidation, which is more energy‐favorable, was intentionally allowed to occur for an improvement of the total current, thus enhancing the hydrogen production on the cathode side. By introducing different earth‐abundant metals, the electrode could be well adjusted to achieve an optimized water/carbon oxidation ratio and an appreciable reactivity for practical applications. This promising methodology may become a very large driver for carbon chemistry when waste organic materials or biomass can be converted using its intrinsic energy content of carbon. Such a process could open a safe path for sub‐zero CO2 emission control. The concept of how and which parameter of a carbon‐based electrode can be optimized was presented and discussed in this paper.
On the design of a reliable current reference for systems‐on‐chip
Authors: Torres Rolando , Roa Elkim , Rueda G. Luis E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractModern systems‐on‐chip use multiple current references to guarantee appropriate circuit biasing according to the required performance and power consumption. New reference topologies have emerged due to the necessity of ultra‐low‐power systems. Still, in the micro‐Ampere domain, the most common architectures are preferred in industry‐based applications, due to their reliability and accuracy. Motivated by the limited documentation and data associated with current references for SoCs, this work presents key observations in the design decisions, based on error contributions from the inherent elements of a reliable voltage‐to‐current reference architecture. Monte Carlo simulations show results for a 5 μA current reference, with inaccuracies at ±3σ of ±4% and ±1.3%, without and with trimming, respectively. Furthermore, two current references were fabricated using a 0.18 μm CMOS standard technology, in two different SoCs. Measurement results across voltage and temperature variations showed results for 50 μA ± 0.24% and 5 μA ± 0.8% current references without trimming.
Design of programmable Gaussian‐derived wavelet filter for wearable biomedical sensor
Authors: Zhang Yuzhen , Zhao Wenshan , Sun Yichuang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo provide multiple options for specific application in biosignal processing, the programmable Gaussian‐derived Gm‐C wavelet filter has been proposed. To realize the programmable characteristic, the analog wavelet base with one numerator term is constructed by using hybrid artificial fish swarm algorithm. Also, the inverse follow‐the‐leader feedback Gm‐C filter structure with a switch array is employed. By programming switches only, Gaussian and Marr wavelet transforms can be realized flexibly with all component parameters unchanged. The seventh‐order programmable wavelet filter is designed as an example. Simulation results show that power consumption is only 141.68 pW at scale a = 0.1, with dynamic range of 42.6 dB and figure‐of‐merit of 2.05 × 10−13. Due to the programmability, the proposed design method can implement two wavelet filters with very low circuit complexity.
Endoscopic and pathologic motifs for the clinical diagnosis of Epstein–Barr virus‐associated gastric cancer
Authors: Yanai Hideo , Chihara Daisuke , Harano Megumi , Sakaguchi Eiki , Murakami Tomoyuki , Nishikawa Jun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesBased on the recent therapeutic trends for gastric cancer (GC), the clinical impact of the diagnosis of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐associated GC (EBVaGC) appears to be important. We retrospectively analyzed endoscopic and pathologic motifs of GC lesions to narrow the number of candidates for EBV testing.MethodsWe performed EBV tests for 32 upper gastrointestinal lesions of 32 patients in the clinical setting. These tests were ordered by endoscopists or by pathologists without an endoscopist's order. EBV‐encoded small RNA1 (EBER1) in situ hybridization was used for the EBV tests. The endoscopic motif for the EBV test was the location in the upper part of the stomach or remnant stomach, mainly the depressed type with a submucosal tumor‐like protrusion of the lesion. The pathologic motif was carcinoma with lymphoid stroma (CLS) or CLS‐like histology of the lesion. We retrospectively analyzed the results of EBV tests for the endoscopic and pathologic motifs.ResultsThe final pathological diagnoses of the 32 subjects were 26 GCs including CLS, gastric endocrine cell carcinoma, gastric hepatoid carcinoma, gastric T‐cell lymphoma, gastritis of the remnant stomach, esophageal adenocarcinoma, and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. When nontypical lesions were excluded, the EBER1‐positive rate was 42.3% (11/26) in GCs. Of the 14 GC lesions ordered examined by endoscopists, three (21.4%) were EBVaGC. Eight of the 12 (66.7%) GCs ordered examined by pathologists were EBVaGC.ConclusionsThe pathologic motif is expected to be useful and the endoscopic motif may be helpful for EBVaGC diagnosis.
Technical tips and recent development of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided choledochoduodenostomy
Authors: Ogura Takeshi , Itoi Takao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractVarious efforts to improve technical success rates and decrease adverse event rates have also been described in endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided choledochoduodenostomy (CDS). In particular, lumen‐apposing metal stents (LAMS) may open novel opportunities in EUS‐biliary drainage (BD). To date, various studies have been reported with EUS‐CDS using LAMS, so we should clarify the benefits and limitations of recent EUS‐CDS based on developments in both techniques and devices. In this review, we provide technical tips and describe recent developments in EUS‐CDS, along with a review of the recent literature (between 2015 and 2020). The overall technical success rate is 95.0% (939/988), and the overall clinical success rate is 97.0% (820/845). The most frequent adverse event is cholangitis or cholecystitis (24.5%, 27/110). According to previous review, pneumoperitoneum (28%, 9/34) or peritonitis associated with bile leak (23.5%, 8/34) was most commonly observed. This difference might be based on improvements in dilation devices or the use of covered metal stents. Several randomized controlled trials comparing EUS‐CDS and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for malignant biliary obstruction have recently been reported. To summarize, overall technical success rates for ERCP and EUS‐CDS were 92.7% (101/109) and 91.1% (72/79), respectively (p = 0.788). Overall clinical success rates for ERCP and EUS‐CDS were 94.1% (96/102) and 93.6% (72/78), respectively (p = 0.765). Further high‐quality evidence is needed to establish EUS‐CDS as a primary drainage technique.
Modelling future changes to the hydrological and thermal regime of unaltered streams using projected changes in climate to support planning for sensitive species management
Authors: Rogers Jennifer , Stein Eric , Beck Marcus , Flint Kelly , Kinoshita Alicia , Ambrose Richard 
Published: April 2021

AbstractClimate change will alter stream habitats through precipitation and air temperature changes and potentially threaten species that rely on contemporary streamflow and stream temperature regimes. Habitat projections are therefore critical to inform management decisions. Past and ongoing research has improved streamflow and temperature modelling in ungauged regions, but no studies merge these advancements with climate modelling for regional streamflow and stream temperatures predictions that describe stream habitat change. Here, we predict change in streamflow and stream temperature at the reach scale using projections from downscaled global climate models (GCMs) and the ‘business as usual’ carbon emission scenario. We focus on unaltered streams in six southern California watersheds using data from baseline (1982–2014) and projected end‐of‐century (2082–2100). Stream temperature is projected to increase regionally, with high‐elevation stream reaches increasing most rapidly. There is less consistency in the streamflow projections, but a spatial and temporal homogenization of stream flow characteristics was predicted, that is, flows become more similar across the region with less inter‐annual variation. Additionally, there is a regional trend towards larger high flow magnitudes and more storm events. Despite the increased frequency and magnitude of storm events, high‐elevation streams are predicted to become drier for a greater portion of the year. Conversely, low‐elevation streams are predicted to have longer hydroperiods. Mapping future streamflow and stream temperatures at the reach scale can direct conservation efforts to streams that remain suitable, restoration to areas that decrease in suitability for target species, and support water policies that consider future stream condition.
Rationale and design of the AMULET study: A new Model of telemedical care in patients with heart failure
Authors: Krzesiński Paweł , Siebert Janusz , Jankowska Ewa Anita , Banasiak Waldemar , Piotrowicz Katarzyna , Stańczyk Adam , Galas Agata , Walczak Andrzej , Murawski Piotr , Chrom Paweł , Gutknecht Piotr , Siwołowski Paweł , Ponikowski Piotr , Gielerak Grzegorz 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimsHeart failure (HF) is characterized by high mortality and hospital readmission rates. Limited access to cardiologists restricts the application of guideline‐directed, patient‐tailored medical therapy. Some telemedicine solutions and novel non‐invasive diagnostic tools may facilitate real‐time detection of early HF decompensation symptoms, prompt initiation of appropriate treatment, and optimal management of medical resources. We describe the rationale and design of the AMULET trial, which investigates the effect of comprehensive outpatient intervention, based on individualized haemodynamic assessment and teleconsultations, on cardiovascular mortality and unplanned hospitalizations in HF patients.Methods and resultsThe AMULET trial is a multicentre, prospective, randomized, open‐label, and controlled parallel group trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03476590). Six hundred and five eligible patients with HF (left ventricular ejection fraction ≤49%, at least one hospitalization due to acute HF decompensation within 6 months prior to enrolment) were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either an intervention group or a standard care group. The planned follow‐up is 12 months. The AMULET interventions are performed in ambulatory care points operated by nurses, with the remote support of cardiologists. The comprehensive clinical evaluation comprises measurements of heart rate, blood pressure, body mass, thoracic fluid content, and total body water. A recommendation support module based on these objective parameters is implemented in remote therapeutic decision‐making. The primary complex endpoints are cardiovascular mortality and unplanned HF hospitalization.ConclusionsThe AMULET trial will provide a prospective assessment of the effect of comprehensive ambulatory intervention, based on telemedicine and haemodynamically guided therapy, on mortality and readmissions in HF patients.
Natural and anthropogenic controls on sediment rating curves in northern California coastal watersheds
Authors: Fisher Adam , Belmont Patrick , Murphy Brendan P. , MacDonald Lee , Ferrier Ken L. , Hu Kai 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe watersheds along the north coast of California span a wide range of geologic settings, tectonic uplift rates, and historic timber harvest activity. Known trends in how each of these factors influence erosion rates provides an opportunity to examine their relative importance. We analyzed 71 watersheds within nine larger river basins, investigated the factors influencing suspended sediment rating curves (SRCs), investigated how SRCs varied among our study watersheds, and used Random Forest modeling (RFM) to determine which environmental characteristics and land management metrics influence SRC shapes, vertical offsets, and slopes. While SRCs typically take the form of a power function, they also can exhibit threshold or peak relationships. First, we found both power and threshold relationships for the SRCs within our study watersheds. Second, the SRC offsets and slopes systematically varied with regional tectonic uplift. Third, SRC offsets increased in several watersheds following intensive timber harvest events and SRC slopes decreased due to a greater relative increase in suspended sediment concentration at lower flows than higher flows. Our RFM correctly classified 96% of the SRC shapes using two near‐channel metrics; near‐channel precipitation‐sensitive deep‐seated landslide susceptibility and near‐channel soil erodibility. Our RFM models also showed that timber harvest activity and near‐channel local relief can explain 40% of the variability in SRC offsets, whereas tectonic uplift rates, millennial‐scale erosion rates, and precipitation patterns explain 40% of the variability in SRC slopes.
Antiracist Praxis in Public Health: A Call for Ethical Reflections
Authors: Fletcher Faith E. , Jiang Wendy , Best Alicia L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Covid‐19 pandemic has revealed myriad social, economic, and health inequities that disproportionately burden populations that have been made medically or socially vulnerable. Inspired by state and local governments that declared racism a public health crisis or emergency, the Anti‐Racism in Public Health Act of 2020 reflects a shifting paradigm in which racism is considered a social determinant of health. Indeed, health inequities fundamentally rooted in structural racism have been exacerbated by the Covid‐19 pandemic, which calls for the integration of antiracist praxis to promote ethical public health research processes. This commentary describes ways in which antiracist praxis—which emphasizes empowerment of traditionally marginalized populations—offers strategies to explicitly address power imbalance, stigmatization, and other consequences of structural racism in public health research.
The Consent Continuum: A New Model of Consent, Assent, and Nondissent for Primary Care
Authors: Tunzi Marc , Satin David J. , Day Philip G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe practice around informed consent in clinical medicine is both inconsistent and inadequate. Indeed, in busy, contemporary health care settings, getting informed consent looks little like the formal process developed over the past sixty years and presented in medical textbooks, journal articles, and academic lectures. In this article, members of the Society of Teachers of Family Medicine (STFM) Collaborative on Ethics and Humanities review the conventional process of informed consent and its limitations, explore complementary and alternative approaches to doctor‐patient interactions, and propose a new model of consent that integrates these approaches with each other and with clinical practice. The model assigns medical interventions to aconsent continuumdefined by the discrete categories of traditional informed consent, assent, and nondissent. Narrative descriptions and clinical exemplars are offered for each category. The authors invite colleagues from other disciplines and from the academic ethics community to provide feedback and commentary.
Prenatal diagnosis of fetal right congenital ventricular aneurysms: An analysis of three cases and literature review
Authors: Zhong Chunyan , Chen Song , Zhang Xiaohang , Zhang Kun , Liu Yamin , Ran Suzhen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRight ventricular aneurysm is a rare congenital defect that can be diagnosed with fetal echocardiography. Information on etiology of right ventricular aneurysm is limited and its prognosis remains variable from asymptomatic forms to severe cases. Here we report three cases of fetal right ventricular aneurysms that could have been related to coronary artery disorders and needed regular monitoring of progression in size and signs of cardiac decompensation.
Structural and biological investigation of biogenically synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles: Calcination and characterization
Authors: Hafeez Muhammad , Shamim Wajid , Ehsan Rimsha , Abdin Zain‐ul , Din Salah Ud , Haq Sirajul , Khan Abdulhameed , Shahida Shabnam , Hameed Usman 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe antimicrobial drug resistance is increasing with the passage of time due to wide and improper use of broad spectrum drugs and the demand of the new drug increases day by day. The present study was planned to encounter this problem by synthesizing titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) by an eco‐friendly route using Cannabis sativa leaves extract. The synthesized TiO2 NPs were calcined at 100, 300, 600, and 900°C in a muffle furnace. The crystallographic parameters were studied by X‐ray diffraction and the phase transition occurred above 600°C. The surface morphology of the synthesized samples was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the particle size was measured through the ImageJ software. The elemental composition and purity of all the samples were studied by performing energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX). All the synthesized TiO2 NPs were tested for their antimicrobial effect against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria using the agar well diffusion method. The activity was found higher against Gram‐negative bacteria and compared to Gram‐positive bacteria.
Phenotypes, roles, and modulation of regulatory lymphocytes in periodontitis and its associated systemic diseases
Authors: Zou Hang , Zhou Niu , Huang Yilian , Luo Aoxiang , Sun Jianbo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPeriodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease that can result in tooth loss and poses a risk to systemic health. Lymphocytes play important roles in periodontitis through multiple mechanisms. Regulatory lymphocytes including regulatory B cells (Bregs) and T cells (Tregs) are the main immunosuppressive cells that maintain immune homeostasis, and are critical to our understanding of the pathogenesis of periodontitis and the development of effective treatments. In this review, we discuss the phenotypes, roles, and modulating strategies of regulatory lymphocytes including Bregs and Tregs in periodontitis and frequently cooccurring inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer disease, diabetes mellitus, and stroke. The current evidence suggests that restoring immune balance through therapeutic targeting of regulatory lymphocytes is a promising strategy for the treatment of periodontitis and other systemic inflammatory diseases.