bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P061 Impact of Inflammatory Bowel Disease on sleep quality in a Mexican population attended in a referral center
Authors: Trujillo de la Fuente Korely , López Goméz Jesús , Cortes Espinosa Tomas , Perez-Cabeza de Vaca Rebeca , Paredes Amenabar Carlos , Romero Lozania Jose , Navarro-Gerrard Megan , Mateos Viramontes Ana Luisa , Ramos Gómez Mayra 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND:
Sleep disorders occur recurrently in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The relationship between poor sleep quality and IBD activity has been subject to scarce attention. Poor sleep quality could be considered a relevant extraintestinal manifestation and a potential marker of subclinical inflammation, which could increase the severity of inflammation and the risk of relapse, however, we do not have enough information to confirm this hypothesis. Objective: Describe the impact of IBD on the quality of sleep, in patients treated in a referral hospital.

METHODS:
Observational, analytical, and cross-sectional study. Patients with diagnosis of IBD treated at Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre" were evaluated. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to measure sleep quality. IBD activity was measured using the Harvey-Bradshaw index for Crohn's disease (CD) and the Mayo scale for Ulcerative Colitis (UC).

RESULTS:
A total of 51 patients were included, the Pittsburgh Sleep Index Questionnaire (PSQI) was performed, after informed consent was signed. Patients had a mean age of 52. Fifty five percent were female, 65% had UC. Biological therapy was administered to 70.5%. In CD 89% were in remission and 11% in moderate activity. In UC 48.5% were in remission, 45.5% had mild activity and 6% had moderate activity. Eighty percent of the patients did not use hypnotic drugs. Patients with UC in remission had a bad perception of sleep quality in 68%, quite good sleep quality in 18% and very good sleep quality in 12% with a PSQI of 10.5 ± 3.2. In patients with mild activity, the perception of sleep quality was very good in 6%, quite good in 46%, quite bad in 40% and very bad in 6%, with a PSQI of 8 ± 3.7. In patients with moderate activity, 100% had a rather bad perception of sleep quality with a PSQI of 11 ± 1.4. For CD in remission the perception of sleep was quite bad in 43%, quite good in 43%, very bad in 6% and very good in 6% with a PSQI of 9 ± 4.3. In patients with moderate activity 50% had a very bad sleep quality perception and 50% a fairly good sleep quality perception with a PSQI of 14 ± 4.2.

CONCLUSION:
In this study a statistically significant association was obtained between PSQI and the perception of sleep reported by the patients, with a p < 0.005. Further research is still needed to better characterize sleep disturbances in this population. Due to the sample size, a prospective, randomized study is required to confirm these findings. The present analysis has no conflict of interest.
P076 The Role of Dual Biologic Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Stone Molly , Morrison Margaret , Forster Erin 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND:
As the prevalence of complex inflammatory bowel disease and extraintestinal manifestations continue to rise, more patients are requiring complex treatment regimens. In some cases, patients may require more than one biologic agent to target different areas in the inflammatory cascade. Although a body of data is emerging, there is currently no consensus on patient and agent selection for dual therapy or adverse outcomes of therapy.

METHODS:
A retrospective chart review of all patients receiving dual biologic therapy for IBD at a single tertiary care center was conducted. This was exempted by the IRB. Data regarding the patient and disease course, indication for dual biologic use, other concurrent therapies, infections and any adverse events was collected from the EMR.

RESULTS:
Ten patients (9 Crohn’s Disease, 1 Ulcerative Colitis) were identified as receiving dual biologic therapy. The most common combination therapy was ustekinumab with vedolizumab (5) or an anti-TNF (4); one patient was receiving adalimumab with vedolizumab. Nine patients were also on an immunomodulator (6 methotrexate, 2 6-mercaptopurine, 1 azathioprine) and three required steroids in addition to dual biologic therapy. The majority (8) of the patients were started on dual biologic therapy due to refractory GI symptoms, the others were due to extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) with psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Nine patients had significant symptomatic improvement on dual biologic regimen and all six patients with follow-up endoscopy demonstrated improvement. Two patients developed infectious diarrhea (C.difficile and e. coli), no other significant infections were noted. No patients were found to have malignancy or any other adverse effects of treatment during the reviewed period.

CONCLUSION:
Dual biologic therapy can be used with improvement in symptomatic and endoscopic findings of IBD. The combination use of two biologic agents does not appear to have additional infectious risk compared to single agent and no other adverse events were described. Longer follow-up and larger patient populations are needed to verify the combination of biologic mechanisms for therapy of refractory IBD and EIMs.
P075 Urgency and its Association with Quality of Life and Clinical Outcomes in Ulcerative Colitis Patients
Authors: Sninsky Jared , Barnes Edward , Zhang Xian , Long Millie 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND:
Urgency, the immediate need to defecate, is common in ulcerative colitis (UC). The frequently used patient reported outcome (PRO)-2 for UC includes only rectal bleeding and stool frequency. We sought to investigate the association of urgency in UC patients with 1) quality of life (QoL) domains and 2) future UC hospitalizations, steroid prescriptions, and colectomy.

METHODS:
We conducted a cross-sectional and then a subsequent longitudinal study within IBD Partners, a patient-powered research network. We described associations of levels of urgency in UC patients with PROMIS QoL domains (depression, anxiety, social satisfaction, fatigue, sleep, and pain). Next, a longitudinal cohort determined associations between baseline urgency and subsequent clinical outcomes including UC hospitalization, steroid prescription, or colectomy within 12 months. We used bivariate statistics and logistic regression models to describe independent associations.

RESULTS:
A total of 632 UC patients were included in the cross-sectional study. After adjusting for clinical variables, rectal bleeding, and stool frequency, “hurry”, “immediately” and “incontinence” increased the odds of social impairment by 2.05 [1.24-3.4] (p = 0.005), 2.76 [1.1-6.74] (p = 0.028), and 7.7 [1.66-38.3] (p = 0.009) respectively compared to “no hurry”. Urgency also significantly increased the odds of depression, anxiety, and fatigue. In the multivariate pooled logistic regression of the longitudinal cohort, Urgency was associated with a significant stepwise increase in risk of hospitalizations, steroids, and colectomy. “Hurry”, “immediately” and “incontinence” increased the odds of colectomy within 12 months by 1.41 [1.15-1.72] (p < 0001), and 3.29 [2.13-5.09] (p < 0001).

CONCLUSION:
We demonstrate that urgency is a PRO independently associated with compromised QoL in patients with UC. Urgency is associated with future risk of hospitalizations, steroid prescription, and colectomy. Our findings support the consideration of urgency as a UC-specific PRO and its use as an outcome in clinical trials to capture QoL and risk of clinical decompensation.
Agricultural engineering based on system analysis and elctronic imaging
Authors: Lakhoua Mohamed Najeh , Ben Salem Jamel , Battikh Tahar , Jabri Imed 
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we present the need for system analysis and electronic imaging for the study of Agricultural Engineering. In fact, the system analysis aims to structure the analysis of agricultural systems. In fact, we present a literature review of system analysis and the need for electronic imaging. Then, two applications of Agricultural Engineering are presented. In fact, the basic principle of the application of stock management of a grain weighing system is presented. An application of the identification of the behavioral criteria of dairy cattle through electronic imaging is presented. Finally, the different results obtained from these applications are discussed.
Afamin predicts the prevalence and incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Pitkänen Niina , Finkenstedt Armin , Lamina Claudia , Juonala Markus , Kähönen Mika , Mäkelä Kari-Matti , Dieplinger Benjamin , Viveiros Andre , Melmer Andreas , Leitner Isabella , Kedenko Ludmilla , Seppälä Ilkka , Viikari Jorma S.A. , Mueller Thomas , Kronenberg Florian , Paulweber Bernhard , Lehtimäki Terho , Zoller Heinz , Raitakari Olli T. , Dieplinger Hans 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
In the general population, increased afamin concentrations are associated with the prevalence and incidence of metabolic syndrome as well as type 2 diabetes. Although metabolic syndrome is commonly associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), there exist no information on afamin and NAFLD.

Methods
Afamin concentrations were cross-sectionally measured in 146 Austrian patients with NAFLD, in 45 patients without NAFLD, and in 292 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Furthermore, the feasibility of afamin to predict incident NAFLD was evaluated in 1,434 adult participants in the population-based Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study during a 10-year follow-up.

Results
Median afamin concentrations were significantly higher in NAFLD patients (83.6 mg/L) than in patients without NAFLD (61.6 mg/L, p<0.0001) or in healthy controls (63.9 mg/L, p<0.0001). In age- and sex-adjusted logistic regression analyses a 10 mg/L increase of afamin was associated with a 1.5-fold increase of having NAFLD as compared with patients without NAFLD and the risk was even two-fold when compared with healthy controls. In the population-based cohort, afamin concentrations at baseline were significantly lower in participants without NAFLD (n=1,195) than in 239 participants who developed NAFLD (56.5 vs. 66.9 mg/L, p<0.0001) during the 10-year follow up, with highest afamin values observed in individuals developing severe forms of NAFLD. After adjustment for several potentially confounding parameters, afamin remained an independent predictor for the development of NAFLD (OR=1.37 [95% CI 1.23–1.54] per 10 mg/L increase, p<0.0001).

Conclusions
Afamin concentrations are increased in patients with NAFLD and independently predict the development of NAFLD in a population-based cohort.
CYP2C19*2 genetic polymorphism and incidence of in-stent restenosis in patients on clopidogrel: a matched case-control study
Authors: Osama Sara , Wirth Francesca , Zahra Graziella , Barbara Christopher , Xuereb Robert G. , Camilleri Liberato , Azzopardi Lilian M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The cytochrome P450 2C19*2 (CYP2C19*2) genetic polymorphism is associated with reduced clopidogrel bioactivation, increasing the risk of atherothrombotic complications after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In-stent restenosis (ISR) is a complication that limits the long-term prognosis of PCI. The aim was to investigate the association between presence of the CYP2C19*2 allele and ISR within one-year after PCI in patients prescribed dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel.

Methods
Sixty patients with angiographically-confirmed drug eluting stent (DES)-ISR within 12 months post-PCI when on DAPT with aspirin and clopidogrel were retrospectively identified (Cases). Another 60 patients with no documented ISR post-PCI in the study period (Controls) were case-matched for age, gender, ethnicity, diabetes mellitus and estimated glomerular filtration rate value, and were invited for CYP2C19*2 genotyping. The association between presence of the CYP2C19*2 allele and ISR was analysed using the Fisher’s exact test and binary logistic regression.

Results
Twenty-six (43.3%) cases and 5 (8.3%) controls were carriers of one or two CYP2C19*2 alleles. As to non-carrier status of the CYP2C19*2 allele, 34 (56.7%) cases and 55 (91.7%) controls were identified. The association between CYP2C19*2 carrier status and DES-ISR within one-year post-PCI was statistically significant (p<0.001) in both the univariate and multivariate analysis.

Conclusions
The proportion of patients who were carriers of one or two CYP2C19*2 alleles who presented with DES-ISR within one-year post-PCI while on clopidogrel was significantly higher compared to patients with no documented ISR.
Hyper-crosslinked polymers with controlled multiscale porosity for effective removal of benzene from cigarette smoke
Authors: Xia Xiaochen , Sun Peijian , Sun Xuehui , Wang Yipeng , Yang Song , Jia Yunzhen , Peng Bin , Nie Cong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A series of hyper-crosslinked polymers (HCPs) with connected hierarchical porous structures were synthesized from phenyl-based precursors of benzene (BEN), benzyl alcohol, aniline, biphenyl, and 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene (TPB) via the knitting method. The porous structures of the HCPs were greatly influenced by substituent groups and BEN ring number in the precursors. HCPs prepared from TPB had the largest surface area and pore volume with multiscale porosity. The porous structure of the HCPs could also be adjusted by the crosslinker amount. Insufficient crosslinking led to incomplete pore architecture, while excessive crosslinking resulted in a considerable decrease in the pore volume. With these HCPs as adsorbents, the BEN yield in the cigarette smoke could be largely reduced due to the connected multiscale porosity and π–π aromatic stacking interaction that facilitated the smoke aerosol passing and the small aromatic molecules absorbing, showing great potential of these HCPs as adsorbents for effective removal of BEN from cigarette smoke.
Struggling with historical significance: Reasoning, reading, and writing processes
Authors: van Driel Johan , van Drie Jannet , van Boxtel Carla 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The concept of historical significance is seen as a key concept of historical reasoning. Assigning significance is based on criteria and related to the identity of who assigns significance. However, little is known about reasoning-, reading-, and writing processes when students attribute significance. The aim of this study is to investigate how students and experienced history teachers with a master’s degree reason, read, and write about historical significance while thinking aloud. We analyzed the think-aloud protocols of twelve 10th-grade students and four history teachers on reasoning, reading, and writing processes. While thinking aloud, participants read two contrasting accounts after which they wrote an argumentative text about the historical significance of Christopher Columbus. Analysis of participants’ think-aloud protocols and their written texts showed that students did not recognize historical accounts as perspectives—influenced by the historical context. In contrast, teachers looked for the authors’ judgement, evidence, and context. In addition, students’ limited use of metaknowledge regarding texts and the concept of historical significance hampered them. These out-comes provide direction for teaching reasoning, reading, and writing with respect to historical significance.
A Contested Civic Space
Authors: Graf Strachwitz Rupert 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDer bürgerschaftliche Raum ist in der politischen Wissenschaft zwar keine Neuentdeckung, aber hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten besonders in Deutschland nicht die Aufmerksamkeit erfahren, die er verdient hätte. Er droht, heute einerseits von Kräften gekapert zu werden, die ihn für undemokratische Ziele instrumentalisieren wollen, während andererseits verkannt oder sogar abgestritten wird, dass seine Stärke die Voraussetzung für die Entwicklung der Demokratie bildet. Zugleich steht er insbesondere, aber keineswegs nur in autoritär regierten Systemen unter erheblichem Druck. Es erscheint daher notwendig, theoretische, auch normative Fragestellungen zu diesem Raum aufzugreifen und in die Debatte einzuführen.
Die Modern Monetary Theory
Authors: Dimke Marcel , Höfgen Maurice 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDas vorliegende Kapitel diskutiert die Modern Monetary Theory (MMT) und den Beitrag, den sie zu einer aufgeklärten Debatte über fortschrittsorientierte Finanzpolitik leisten kann. Im ersten Abschnitt dieses Kapitels legen wir drei zentrale theoretische Fundamente der MMT dar: Geld als soziale Rechnungseinheit, Währungssouveränität und effektive Nachfrage. Im zweiten Abschnitt erläutern wir, wie der deutsche Staat alltäglich seine Finanzpolitik ausführt. Hier wird deutlich, dass der Staat weder Ersparnisse der Haushalte noch Kredite des privaten Bankensektors benötigt, um seine Ausgaben tätigen zu können. Wir folgern im Hinblick auf einen Green New Deal aus MMT-Perspektive, dass politische Debatten über die Verfügbarkeit und Planung von Ressourcen geführt werden müssen, wenn wir die Produktion in unserer demokratischen Gesellschaft erfolgreich transformieren wollen.
Strategien für einen Wandel der ökonomischen Lehre und warum es diesen benötigt
Authors: Porak Laura , Schröter Gerrit 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Die ökonomische Lehre ist in einem misslichen Zustand: Eine sowohl theoretisch als auch methodisch sehr einseitig ausgerichtete Lehrbuchwissenschaft dominiert global die Ausbildung junger Ökonom*innen. Die Kernelemente dieser Lehrbücher wurden seit den 1950er Jahren kaum verändert. Noch immer wird Denken in veralteten Modellen gelehrt, während realweltliche Probleme und gegenwärtige ökonomische Herausforderungen ausgeklammert werden. Diese inhaltliche Ausrichtung wird durch die Gestaltung der wissenschaftlichen Institutionen und insbesondere durch den sogenannten „Reproduktionskreislauf” verfestigt. Der studentische Verein „Netzwerk Plurale Ökonomik” hat sich 2012 – unter anderen in Reaktion auf die Wirtschafts- und Finanzkrise (2008) – gegründet, um einen Wandel der ökonomischen Lehre zu erwirken. Seither ist sowohl die Anzahl der assoziierten Lokalgruppen als auch der Mitglieder um ein Vielfaches gewachsen. Zudem haben wir in den vergangenen Jahren zahlreiche Strategien entwickelt, um unsere Ziele zu erreichen. Dazu gehören die Selbst(weiter)bildung; der Versuch, alternative Bildungsangebote schaffen; Exploring Economics (eine eigene online Lernplattform); der Aufbau eines pluralen Curriculum in Form des Zertifikatsprojekts; die Bestrebung, in der Öffentlichkeit ein Bewusstsein für die Problematiken schaffen und der Diskus mit gesellschaftlichen und politischen Entscheidungsträger*innen.
Finanzsystem und Klimawende
Authors: Peukert Helge 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungAngesichts des fast erschöpften weltweiten Restbudgets an Treibhausgasemissionen wird das strukturell einer Wachstumsspirale folgende Finanzsystem u. a. hinsichtlich des Geldschöpfungsprivilegs der Banken problematisiert. Nach Reformvorschlägen (Positive Money, Entflechtung der Megabanken usw.) wird für die schnelle Durchsetzung einer Postwachstumsökonomie insbesondere ein durch Notenbanken ohne Zins- und Tilgungspflicht auszugebendes „Schenkgeld“ gefordert, um durch einen öffentlichen Sektor die zu erwartenden Arbeitslosen angesichts der notwendigen Schrumpfungen in sozialen und ökologischen Tätigkeiten beschäftigen zu können.
Research on high-temperature oxidation resistance, hot forming ability, and microstructure of Al–Si–Cu coating for 22MnB5 steel
Authors: Xiong Ziliu , Lin Zhangguo , Qi Jianjun , Sun Li , Wu Guangxin , Kuang Shuang , Zhou Guoping 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
High-temperature oxidation resistance, hot formability, element distribution, and microstructure of Al-10% Si-(0.5–3.0%)Cu coating were investigated by means of glow discharge spectroscopy, optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Results show that the addition of Cu can increase high-temperature oxidation resistance above 950°C and improve hot formability so that no crack spreads into substrate steel as hot forming at 33.3% strain. Oxidation film structure is continual and compacting, and Si highly concentrates in the surface layer. The distribution of Cu has skin effect with peaking content 8.2% in the surface layer. After hot stamping, Al and Si diffuse into substrate steel, and Cu diffuses from inner to outer coating. Al–Si–Cu coating has smoother surface, straighter diffusion layer, and finer metal compound than Al–Si coating. Surface and diffusion layers are identified as aluminum oxide, Si-rich, and Cu phase and Al7SiFe2, Al3Fe, and CuAl3, respectively. Al-rich phase and the metal compound are composed of α-Al dissolving Fe, Si, and Cu and Al–Si matrix, Cu3Al, respectively.
Did the 2018 Farm Bill’s Hemp Provisions Decriminalize Marijuana?
Authors: Coleman John J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In 2014, Congress removed industrial hemp with a concentration of ≥0.3% tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) dry weight from the definition of marijuana in the federal Controlled Substances Act (CSA). Hemp production was authorized in a limited pilot program until 2018, when Congress passed the Agricultural Improvement Act (Farm Bill) that expanded the program to anyone licensed to produce hemp by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) or by a USDA-approved State or Indian tribe. Hemp’s greatest value is in two of its 80-plus molecules: cannabidiol (CBD) and THC. These molecules, present in all forms of Cannabis sativa L. (cannabis), including hemp, have medicinal and recreational uses. By removing hemp from the CSA, the Farm Bill altered the legal status of hemp’s extracts, including CBD and THC. In 2018, Epidiolex®, the world’s first and only CBD-based medicine, was approved in the U.S. The drug was placed in Schedule V of the CSA to comply with an international drug treaty requiring control of cannabis and all its extracts. In April 2020, Epidiolex was removed from the CSA schedules. This occurred, according to the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), because with a THC content below 0.3%, Epidiolex no longer met the Farm Bill’s criteria as a controlled substance. This review discusses the Farm Bill’s hemp provisions and how they have affected the legal status of hemp derivatives CBD and THC. The review also discusses a loophole in the Farm Bill that decriminalizes the production of marijuana by negligent hemp farmers. In passing, we discuss how lobbying by the hemp/CBD industry influenced passage of the Farm Bill.
Hemmnisse der digitalen Transformation bei KMU
Authors: Dewenter Ralf , Kuchinke Björn A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Digitization is probably one of the greatest opportunities in recent years and, at the same time, one of the greatest challenges of our time. The aim of this article is to find possible answers to the question of which factors are considered as barriers to innovation for SMEs and which are suitable for promoting innovations in the field of digitization. For this purpose, a survey conducted by the IHK Region Stuttgart among its member companies in 2018 is evaluated. The barriers identified can be divided into four categories: 1. Innovation management in the company/lack of knowledge of the market, 2. Funding bottlenecks beyond research and development (R&D), 3. Labor market restrictions (education/training of skilled workers) and 4. Bureaucracy and legal regulations/regulation. Overall, as the analysis shows, there are both internal and external barriers to innovation. The companies cite regulatory and bureaucratic barriers as the most important obstacles to innovation. The regression analysis shows, among other things, that companies that state the regulatory framework as problematic have a greater likelihood of developing a strategy than others as well as employing a digitization officer.