bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women in biogeography
Authors: Meynard Christine N. , Bernardi Giacomo , Fraser Ceridwen , Masters Judith , Riginos Cynthia , Sanmartin Isabel , Tolley Krystal A. , Dawson Michael N 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDespite increasing awareness of issues affecting inclusivity, equity and diversity, change has been slow in science and academia, and gender disparities remain significant. Biogeography has not escaped this pattern. Here, we present a virtual issue compiling some of the most cited papers led by women that have been published in the Journal of Biogeography since 2009 in an effort to equalize visibility of women's influential work. We summarize leading gender disparities and their potential underlying causes, and present our motivation and methodology in compiling this issue. We further provide a blog, website and social media links to highlight the research of the authors whose work is showcased here. Highlighting influential contributions by women biogeographers is a small step towards equalizing visibility across genders. We hope that this virtual issue will also contribute in some way to creating a greater sense of belonging for women biogeographers.
Determination of volatile substances in olives and their effect on reproduction of the olive fruit fly
Authors: Kokkari Anastasia I. , Milonas Panagiotis G. , Anastasaki Eirini , Floros Georgios D. , Kouloussis Nikos A. , Koveos Dimitrios S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFemales of the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae lay their eggs in olives mainly using fruit volatile stimuli. Using GC‐MS analysis, we determined the chemical composition of the volatile blend emitted from field‐collected olive fruit of cv. Megaritiki, at different stages of maturity. GC‐MS analysis demonstrated qualitative and quantitative differences in the headspace blend emitted by the olive fruit. Certain chemicals such as toluene, n‐octane, α‐pinene, limonene, ethyl hexanol, nonanal n‐dodecane, decanal and n‐tetradecane were detected in greater amounts, irrespective of the growth stage of the fruit. The flies’ exposure to a number of these chemicals, such as n‐octane and α‐pinene, as well as to a mixture consisting of n‐octane, α‐pinene, limonene, ethyl hexanol, nonanal, n‐dodecane, decanal and n–tetradecane favoured successful mating and egg production. The results may contribute to the improvement of the mass rearing of the fly, through these findings, which illustrate the positive effect that certain fruit volatile chemicals have on the fly's reproduction and offer a better understanding of the relation between the fly and the host fruit.
Effect of ohmic heating on physicochemical, bioactive compounds, and shelf life of watermelon flesh‐rind drinks
Authors: Kumar Vishal , Jain Sanjay Kumar , Amitabh Anupam , Chavan Sagar Madhukar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe effect of thermal treatments on physicochemical, bioactive compounds, and shelf life of watermelon flesh‐rind drinks was evaluated. An attempt was made for the by‐product utilization of watermelon rind as one of the major ingredient. Three different blends of watermelon flesh and rind juices (T1(100:0), T2(90:10), and T3(80:20), respectively) were pasteurized by ohmic and thermal heating (80 ± 1°C for 3 min) and were stored at refrigerated condition for 90 days. It was found that, thermal treatments and storage induced a significant change in all the quality parameters and ohmic heating for pasteurization was effective in obtaining superior quality watermelon drinks. TSS, pH, reducing sugar, total sugar, viscosity, and overall acceptability, showed a significant difference between the two heating methods while nonsignificant effect was observed for titrable acidity and browning index and citrulline content at 5% level of significance. The microbial counts were lower for ohmic heated pasteurized watermelon juices than thermal pasteurization during entire storage period. Ohmically pasteurized treatments T2 and T3 were microbiologically safe while T2 was best organoleptically. Ohmically pasteurized drink T2 treated with @1.00% beetroot and @2.00% fennel extract was acceptable in respect of all quality parameters up to 90 days under refrigerated storage.
Satellite‐based flood mapping in the boreal region for improving situational awareness
Authors: Cohen Juval , Heinilä Kirsikka , Huokuna Mikko , Metsämäki Sari , Heilimo Jyri , Sane Mikko 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSpace‐borne remote sensing techniques enable near real‐time mapping of floods cost‐efficiently. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and optical sensors are the most suitable for flood detection. However, SAR has become more popular, due to the independence of sunlight and weather conditions, and the increasing data availability. Typical spring floods occurred in northern Finland during 2018. Various remote sensing sources were utilised for monitoring and damage estimation of the flooding. Floods were mapped with the SAR‐based Finnish Flood Centre's Flood Detection Algorithm (FC‐FloDA), a standard threshold‐based approach applied to Sentinel‐1, and a visual interpretation of Sentinel‐2 images. In addition, flood maps from the Copernicus Emergency Management Service (EMS) and aerial photographs from the city of Tornio were ordered. The flood products and interpretations were compared, and a deeper accuracy assessment was conducted on the FC‐FloDA maps. FC‐FloDA was, in general, the most successful in detecting floods within the test areas. The EMS product and the Sentinel‐1 interpretation worked well in open areas, but did not detect floods in forests. The superiority of Flood Centre's product is mainly based on the adaptation of the algorithm to northern boreal environments and the selection of an optimal polarisation for detecting floods also under tree canopies.
A coupled hydrodynamic (HEC‐RAS 2D) and water quality model (WASP) for simulating flood‐induced soil, sediment, and contaminant transport
Authors: Shabani Afshin , Woznicki Sean A. , Mehaffey Megan , Butcher Jonathan , Wool Tim A. , Whung Pai‐Yei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIncreased intensity and frequency of floods raise concerns about the release and transport of contaminated soil and sediment to and from rivers and streams. To model these processes during flooding events, we developed an External Coupler in Python to link the Hydrologic Engineering Center‐River Analysis System (HEC‐RAS) 2D hydrodynamic model to the Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP). Accurate data transfer from a hydrodynamic model to a water quality model is critical. Our test results showed the External Coupler successfully linked HEC‐RAS and WASP and addressed technical challenges in aggregating flow data and conserving mass during the flood event. We ran the coupled models for a 100‐year flood event to calculate flood‐induced transport of sediment‐associated arsenic in Woodbridge Creek, NJ. Change in surface sediment and arsenic at the end of 48‐h flood simulation ranged from a net loss of 13.5 cm to a net gain of 11.6 cm, and 16.2 to 2.9 mg/kg, respectively, per model segment, which demonstrates the capability of the coupled model for simulating sediment and contaminant transport in flood.
Combination of aerosolized acetic acid and chlorine dioxide‐releasing film to inactivate Salmonella enterica and its effect on quality of tomatoes and Romaine lettuce
Authors: Fan Xuetong , Jin Tony , Baik Jessica , Gurtler Joshua B. , Mukhopadhyay Sudarsan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNovel intervention technologies are needed to minimize pathogen contamination of fresh produce. The present study was undertaken to develop an in‐package treatment system that combined aerosolized acetic acid (AA) and chlorine dioxide (ClO2)‐releasing film in which the acid triggered the release of ClO2 from its precursor. A four‐strain cocktail of Salmonella enterica (S. Montevideo, S. Typhimurium, S. Newport, and S. Saint‐paul) was inoculated onto the surfaces of cut Romaine lettuce and the stem scars of cherry tomatoes. The inoculated samples were placed into clamshell containers containing one ClO2‐releasing film (2.5 × 2.5 cm). After the packages were sealed, AA (2 and 4%) was aerosolized for 60 s into the packages through perforated openings. Results demonstrated that the combination of AA with the ClO2‐releasing film significantly reduced Salmonella populations with reductions of >4 log and >2 log CFU/piece on lettuce and tomato stem scars, respectively. The ClO2‐releasing film or aerosolized AA alone did not result in any significant reductions of Salmonella populations except aerosolized 4% AA, which achieved 2.21 log CFU/piece reductions on lettuce. The combinations and 4% AA treatment caused damage to fresh‐cut lettuce during 14 days of storage as evidenced by the deterioration in appearance, softening, and decreased ascorbic acid and antioxidant levels. The treatments did not significantly affect most of the quality attributes of cherry tomatoes during 21 days of storage at 10°C. Overall, our results demonstrate that the novel combination of AA and ClO2‐releasing film may be used to enhance microbial safety and quality of cherry tomatoes.
Prospective changes in sleep problems in response to the daily rest period among Japanese daytime workers: A longitudinal web survey
Authors: Ikeda Hiroki , Kubo Tomohide , Sasaki Takeshi , Nishimura Yuki , Liu Xinxin , Matsuo Tomoaki , So Rina , Matsumoto Shun , Takahashi Masaya 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThe daily rest period (DRP) is the daily inter‐work interval and can include a sleep opportunity, leisure time, and other non‐work time. A longer DRP may allow workers to increase time in bed (TIB) and adjust sleep timing, and that may reduce sleep problems such as short sleep duration, sleep debt, social jetlag, and poor sleep quality. The present study examined the longitudinal association between the DRP and these sleep problems among Japanese daytime workers. The DRP, TIB on workdays, sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]), sleep debt and social jetlag were measured in November 2016 (n = 10,000) and February 2019 (n = 3,098). Of these, 955 permanent daytime workers were divided into five groups based on the change in the DRP duration: shortened ≥2 hr, shortened ≥1 hr, no change (<1 hr), extended ≥1 hr and extended ≥2 hr. Linear mixed‐model analysis revealed significant interaction (group × time) effects on the TIB, PSQI score and sleep debt (all p < 0.001), but not on social jetlag (p = 0.476). Post hoc comparisons revealed that the TIB was decreased, and the sleep debt was increased in the shortened ≥2 hr group, whereas the TIB was increased and PSQI score was improved in the extended ≥2 hr group (all p < 0.01). These findings suggest that an extension of the DRP improves sleep quantity and quality but not sleep debt and social jetlag. Aside from extending the DRP, ensuring a sufficient sleep duration and adjusting sleep timing during the DRP may also be needed to prevent sleep problems.
Global cascade of care for chronic hepatitis C virus infection: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yousafzai Mohammad T. , Bajis Sahar , Alavi Maryam , Grebely Jason , Dore Gregory J. , Hajarizadeh Behzad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe World Health Organization 2030 targets for hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination include diagnosing 90% of people with HCV and treating 80% of people diagnosed with HCV. This systematic review assessed reported data on the HCV care cascade in various countries and populations, with a focus on direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) treatment uptake. Bibliographic databases and conference presentations were searched for studies reporting the HCV care cascade (DAA treatment uptake was a requirement) among the overall population with HCV or sub‐populations at greater risk of HCV. Population‐based studies, with participants representative of a city, province/state or country were eligible. Twenty eligible studies were included, reporting HCV care cascade in 28 populations/sub‐populations from 11 countries. DAA treatment uptake at national levels was reported from Iceland (95%), Egypt (92%), Georgia (79%), Norway (18%) and Sweden (8%), and at sub‐national levels from the Netherlands (52%), Canada (50%), the United States (29%) and Denmark (5%). Among people with HIV‐HCV co‐infection, DAA treatment uptake was 62% in Canada, 44% in the Netherlands, 21% in Switzerland and 18% in the United States. Among people who inject drugs, DAA treatment uptake was 50% in Georgia, 40% in Canada, 37% in Australia and 13% in the United States. Data among people experiencing homelessness were only available from the United States (treatment uptake: 12%–14%). We found no eligible study reporting HCV care cascade data in prisons. Relatively few countries reported HCV care cascade at the national level. DAA treatment uptake was widely varied across populations/sub‐populations, with higher rates reported in recent years.
Utility‐based pricing and hedging of contingent claims in Almgren‐Chriss model with temporary price impact
Authors: Ekren Ibrahim , Nadtochiy Sergey 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we construct the utility‐based optimal hedging strategy for a European‐type option in the Almgren‐Chriss model with temporary price impact. The main mathematical challenge of this work stems from the degeneracy of the second order terms and the quadratic growth of the first‐order terms in the associated Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman equation, which makes it difficult to establish sufficient regularity of the value function needed to construct the optimal strategy in a feedback form. By combining the analytic and probabilistic tools for describing the value function and the optimal strategy, we establish the feedback representation of the latter. We use this representation to derive an explicit asymptotic expansion of the utility indifference price of the option, which allows us to quantify the price impact in options' market via the price impact coefficient in the underlying market.
Complicated pressure–temperature path recorded in the eucrite Padvarninkai
Authors: Miyahara Masaaki , Yamaguchi Akira , Ohtani Eiji , Tomioka Naotaka , Kodama Yu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHigh‐pressure minerals in the eucrite Padvarninkai were investigated. Parts of anorthitic plagioclase and tridymite in the host rock of Padvarninkai vitrified, indicating that the shock pressure was 22–27 GPa. Tissintite, coesite, and a majorite‐bearing garnet occurred in the shock‐melt veins of Padvarninkai as high‐pressure minerals. Tissintite, kyanite, corundum, and dense plagioclase have occurred in the anorthitic plagioclase grains. The anorthitic plagioclase was melted and tissintite crystallized from the melt after the crystallization of kyanite and corundum. The residual melt became dense plagioclase by quenching. Tridymite has also melted and coesite crystallized from the melt. The formation of tissintite and coesite indicates that the shock pressure recorded in the veins was 2–13 GPa. The temperature increased drastically in the veins (>˜3000 K) compared with the host rock (<˜800 K). Parts of the tissintite and coesite became, respectively, amorphous (or anorthite) and quartz. Two different impact events may be recorded in Padvarninkai: The first impact event brecciated a part of the host rock, and the second impact event induced the melting of the brecciated portion, resulting in the formation of shock‐melt veins where the conditions are a high temperature and a relatively low pressure. In the veins, tissintite and coesite formed first, and parts of them underwent a back‐transformation due to a long cooling time.
Genetic diversity in a restricted‐dispersal kissing bug: The centre–periphery hypothesis halfway
Authors: San Juan Esteban , Araya‐Donoso Raúl , Véliz David , Quiroga Nicol , Botto‐Mahan Carezza 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe centre–periphery hypothesis (CPH) postulates that populations close to the centre of a species distribution will exhibit higher genetic diversity and lower genetic differentiation than populations located at the edge of the distribution. The centre of a species’ distribution might represent an optimum for the environmental factors influencing the species absolute fitness and, therefore, genetic diversity. In species with wide distribution, the geographical variation of biotic and abiotic variables is crucial to understand the underlying mechanisms of the CPH. We evaluated the CPH and specifically tested which environmental variables better explained the patterns of genetic diversity in the kissing bug Mepraia spinolai, one of the main wild vectors of Chagas disease in southern South America, distributed across three Mediterranean climatic ecoregions in Chile. We analysed 2380 neutral single nucleotide polymorphisms to estimate genetic diversity. Mean winter temperature, mean summer temperature, vegetation cover, population abundance, proportion of winged individuals and female abdomen area were measured for each kissing bug population to construct a model. Lower genetic diversity was detected in populations at the edge of the distribution compared to those in the centre. However, genetic differentiation was not higher in the periphery. Genetic diversity was related to climatic and biological variables; there was a positive relationship with mean winter temperature and a negative association with mean summer temperature and body size. These results partially support the CPH and identify biotic (abdomen area) and abiotic (winter/summer temperatures) factors that would affect genetic diversity in this restricted‐dispersal species of epidemiological relevance.
Genome‐environment association methods comparison supports omnigenic adaptation to ecological niche in malaria vector mosquitoes
Authors: DeRaad Devon A. , Cobos Marlon E. , Alkishe Abdelghafar , Ashraf Uzma , Ahadji‐Dabla Koffi Mensah , Nuñez‐Penichet Claudia , Peterson A. Townsend 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe concept of a fundamental ecological niche is central to questions of geographic distribution, population demography, species conservation, and evolutionary potential. However, robust inference of genomic regions associated with evolutionary adaptation to particular environmental conditions remains difficult due to the myriad of potential confounding processes that can generate heterogeneous patterns of variation across the genome. Here, we interrogate the potential role of genome environment association (GEA) testing as an initial step in building an understanding of the genetic basis of ecological niche. We leverage publicly available genomic data from the Anopheles gambiae 1000 Genomes (Ag1000g) Consortium to test the ability of multiple analytically unique GEA methods to handle confounding patterns of genetic variation, control false positive rates, and discern associations with broadly relevant climate variables from random allele frequency patterns throughout the genome. We found evidence supporting the ability of commonly implemented GEA methods to account for confounding patterns of spatial and genetic variation, and control false positive rates. However, we fail to find evidence supporting the ability of GEA tests to reject signals of adaptation to randomly simulated environmental variables, indicating that discerning between true signals of genome environment adaptation and genome environment correlations resulting from alternative evolutionary processes, remains challenging. Because signals of environmental adaptation are so diffuse and confounded throughout the genome, we argue that genomic adaptation to ecological niche is likely best understood under an omnigenic model wherein highly interconnected, genome‐wide gene regulatory networks shape genomic adaptation to key environmental conditions.
Towards equitable learning environments for medical education: Bias and the intersection of social identities
Authors: Bochatay Naike , Bajwa Nadia M. , Ju Mindy , Appelbaum Nital P. , van Schaik Sandrijn M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractContextMedical educators are increasingly paying attention to how bias creates inequities that affect learners across the medical education continuum. Such bias arises from learners' social identities. However, studies examining bias and social identities in medical education tend to focus on one identity at a time, even though multiple identities often interact to shape individuals' experiences.MethodsThis article examines prior studies on bias and social identity in medical education, focusing on three social identities that commonly elicit bias: race, gender and profession. By applying the lens of intersectionality, we aimed to generate new insights into intergroup relations and identify strategies that may be employed to mitigate bias and inequities across all social identities.ResultsAlthough different social identities can be more or less salient at different stages of medical training, they intersect and impact learners' experiences. Bias towards racial and gender identities affect learners' ability to reach different stages of medical education and influence the specialties they train in. Bias also makes it difficult for learners to develop their professional identities as they are not perceived as legitimate members of their professional groups, which influences interprofessional relations. To mitigate bias across all identities, three main sets of strategies can be adopted. These strategies include equipping individuals with skills to reflect upon their own and others' social identities; fostering in‐group cohesion in ways that recognise intersecting social identities and challenges stereotypes through mentorship; and addressing intergroup boundaries through promotion of allyship, team reflexivity and conflict management.ConclusionsExamining how different social identities intersect and lead to bias and inequities in medical education provides insights into ways to address these problems. This article proposes a vision for how existing strategies to mitigate bias towards different social identities may be combined to embrace intersectionality and develop equitable learning environments for all.
Zebrafish as a new model for rhododendrol‐induced leukoderma
Authors: Hayazaki Masumi , Hatano Osamu , Shimabayashi Saki , Akiyama Takumi , Takemori Hiroshi , Hamamoto Akie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIdiopathic leukoderma is a skin disorder characterized by patchy loss of skin pigmentation due to melanocyte dysfunction or deficiency. Rhododendrol (RD) was approved as a cosmetic ingredient in Japan in 2008. However, it was shown to induce leukoderma in approximately 20,000 customers. The prediction of cytotoxicity, especially to melanocytes in vivo, is required to avoid such adverse effects. Since the use of higher vertebrates is prohibited for medicinal and toxicological assays, we used zebrafish, whose melanocytes were regulated by mechanisms similar to mammals. Zebrafish larvae were treated with RD in breeding water for 3 days, which caused body lightening accompanied by a decrease in the number of melanophores. Interestingly, black particles were found at the bottom of culture dishes, suggesting that the melanophores peeled off from the body. In addition, RT‐PCR analysis suggested that the mRNA levels of melanophore‐specific genes were significantly low. An increase in the production of reactive oxygen species was found in larvae treated with RD. The treatments of the fish with other phenol compounds, which have been reported to cause leukoderma, also induced depigmentation and melanophore loss. These results suggest that zebrafish larvae could be used for the evaluation of leukoderma caused by chemicals, including RD.