bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by Tumor Cells Promote the Generation of Suppressive Monocytes
Authors: Luong Nhungoc , Lenz Jennifer A , Modiano Jaime F , Olson Julie K 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Monocytes are among the first cells to infiltrate the tumor microenvironment. The conversion of monocytes to suppressor cells in the tumor microenvironment is crucial in evasion of the immune response and tumor maintenance. Tumor cells may secrete products that promote the conversion of monocytes to suppressor cells. Cells secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing cargos of genetic materials and proteins as a way to communicate with neighboring cells. During pathologic conditions like cancers, tumor cells increase their EVs production containing microRNA, RNA, and proteins that may affect the immune cell response, contributing to the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Our studies show that EVs secreted by a wide range of murine tumor cells, including osteosarcoma, glioma, colon carcinoma, sarcoma, and melanoma, can be taken up by bone marrow–derived monocytes. The monocytes that took up the EVs secreted by tumor cells matured toward an immune-suppressive phenotype by upregulating the expression of suppressive cytokines and effector molecules. The monocytes also downregulated MHC class II and costimulatory molecules while increasing the expression of PD-L1 on their surface after taking up EVs from tumor cells. Most importantly, monocytes exposed to EVs secreted by tumor cells suppressed activated Ag-specific CD4+ T cells. These results show that tumor cells from several different tumor types secrete EVs which promote the conversion of monocytes into suppressor cells, thus promoting immune evasion. These studies suggest that EVs secreted by tumors are potentially a new target for future cancer therapy.
Altered Biomechanics in Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability Compared With Copers and Controls During Gait
Authors: Lee Inje , Ha Sunghe , Chae Seongok , Jeong Hee Seong , Lee Sae Yong 
Published: August 2021

Context
Given that motions of 1 segment affect those of an adjacent segment, the authors of biomechanical studies must thoroughly investigate the kinematics and kinetics of the proximal joints (hip and knee) as well as the ankle joints in patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI). However, few researchers have investigated the altered movement strategies of the lower extremities of patients with CAI compared with lateral ankle-sprain (LAS) copers and control participants throughout the full gait cycle of walking and jogging.

Objective
To evaluate lower extremity biomechanical differences in patients with CAI, LAS copers, and control individuals during gait.

Design
Case-control study.

Setting
Controlled laboratory setting.

Patients or Other Participants
A total of 54 participants, consisting of 18 patients with CAI (age = 24.6 ± 2.8 years, height = 173.0 ± 8.0 cm, mass = 67.8 ± 14.6 kg), 18 LAS copers (age = 26.0 ± 4.6 years, height = 173.4 ± 7.5 cm, mass = 66.9 ± 10.3 kg), and 18 control individuals (age = 26.2 ± 2.3 years, height = 172.2 ± 8.2 cm, mass = 63.3 ± 11.2 kg).

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics of the lower extremity during walking and jogging.

Results
The CAI group exhibited dorsiflexion deficits and more inverted ankles compared with the LAS coper and control groups during walking and jogging. In addition, the LAS coper group generated greater knee internal-rotation moments than did the CAI group during jogging. The other variables did not differ among groups.

Conclusions
Participants with CAI demonstrated altered biomechanics, which need to be addressed via intervention programs.
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in a University Teaching Hospital in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Inwang Imaobong O. , Umoh Augustine V. , Abasiattai Aniekan M. , Onwuezobe Ifeanyi A. 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) has been documented as the main risk factor for the development of symptomatic urinary tract infection in pregnancy and is associated with maternal and fetal complications.

Objective:
To determine the ASB prevalence, the causative microorganisms, their drug sensitivity patterns, and the factors associated with its occurrence in pregnant women in the Uyo, Nigeria.

Methodology:
Three hundred and twenty women were recruited during their first antenatal visit over a period of 13 weeks. A midstream urine specimen was obtained from each patient, cultured, isolates identified and antimicrobial sensitivity done. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.

Results:
The ASB prevalence was 9.1% with the two commonest identified isolates being Escherichia coli (41.4%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (24.1%). Imipenem (100.0%) and gentamycin (37.9%) were the two most sensitive drugs. The association between respondents' educational level and the occurrence of ASB was significant statistically.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of ASB was relatively high among the respondents. This, therefore, emphasizes the need for routine screening of our antenatal female population for ASB in all our health facilities.
Pattern of Molecular Phenotypes of Breast Carcinomas using Immunohistochemistry in a District Hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Ezike Kevin Nwabueze , Raphael Solomon , Okonkwo Damian Ikechukwu , Okwudire-Ijeh Ijeoma Ahunna 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Cancer of the breast is the most common organ-specific cancer, affecting women worldwide with disproportionately higher mortality seen among women of Africa ancestry. Molecular phenotyping is crucial for tailored treatment of such patients.

Aim:
The aim of the study is to describe the molecular phenotypes of carcinomas of the breast based on their oestrogen, progesterone, and HER-2/Neu receptors status in our centre.

Design:
This was a retrospective analysis of 136 histologically diagnosed breast carcinomas, for which oestrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors status data were available at the Pathology Unit in a Nigerian District Hospital.

Materials and Methods:
Relevant biodata and pathology and molecular information of all patients with histologically diagnosed breast cancer (BC) were extracted from patients' forms and reports archived in the department. Immunohistochemistry was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of 136 (54.4%) cases of the BCs utilizing the avidin-biotin complex technique.

Results:
The ages of the patients ranged from 17 to 74 years, and the mean age was 47.3 ± 11.7 at diagnosis. All affected patients were females except for a male teenager. oestrogen, progesterone, and HER-2/Neu receptor-positive breast carcinomas were 43.4% (59), 39% (53), and 27.2% (37), respectively. Triple-negative breast carcinoma (39%, 53/136) was the most prevalent phenotype, followed by Luminal A (33.8%, 46/136) and Luminal B (14.7%, 20/136), while HER2-enriched (12.5%, 17/136) was the least common molecular subtype in our series.

Conclusion:
Breast carcinomas are predominantly of the triple-negative molecular phenotype in our setting and commonly affected young women.
Determinants of Low Back Pain among Health-Care Providers in a Federal Tertiary Hospital in Ekiti State, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Ajayi Paul Oladapo , Deji Samson Ayo , Adewoye Kayode Rasaq , Atoyebi OA , Alabi Ayo Kamal , Solomon Oluremi Olayinka , Akinwumi Adebowale Femi 
Published: August 2021

Introduction:
Low back pain (LBP) is a usual musculoskeletal system disorder among the working population, especially among health-care providers (HCPs). It is a significant contributor to work disability, work absenteeism, and lost hours globally. The study objectives are to find the prevalence and determinants of LBP among HCPs in a Federal Tertiary Hospital in Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.

Subjects and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was done among HCPs in a Federal Tertiary Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study included 336 participants working in the hospital. The respondents were selected using stratified sampling. Data were collected through an adapted questionnaire, which was pretested, semi-structured, and self-administered. The data were analyzed using STATA version 12. Univariate, bivariate, and binary logistic analysis was used to find the prevalence and determinants of LBP. The significance level was set at 95% confidence interval and P ≤ 0.05.

Results:
The point prevalence, period prevalence, and lifetime prevalence were 39.9%, 44.6%, and 67.6%, respectively. The findings showed that the prevalence of LBP was higher among respondents who turn patient on the bed regularly (>3 times weekly) (odds ratio [OR] =18.46, 95% CL [6.84–49.81], P < 0.0001); and pulls and pushes object or people (more than 10 kg thrice a week) (OR = 8.22, 95% CL [3.46–19.56], P < 0.0001) were statistically significant.

Conclusion:
The study revealed that HCPs suffered from a high prevalence of LBP, and the identified risk factors (turning of the patient and pulling and pushing of an object or people) can be modified using an informed health intervention program (health education and ergonomics).
Coronavirus Disease 2019 Virus among Ophthalmologists in Nigeria
Authors: Ilo Olubanke Theodora , Oluleye Tunji Sunday , Babalola Olufemi Emmanuel , Adenekan Adetunji Olusesan , Akinsola Folasade Bolanle 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Globally, there is still much to learn about the evolving coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus, its transmission, prevention, and treatment. Therefore, this study investigates the knowledge, perception, and screening practices of COVID-19 infection in the ophthalmology practice in Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
This survey was a descriptive, cross-sectional survey conducted among practising ophthalmologists and ophthalmologists in training in Nigeria in an online survey. Data compiled were then analyzed using the IBM SPSS software version 22.0 with two-tailed P < 0.05 considered to indicate statistical significance.

Results:
A total of 206 ophthalmologists/ophthalmologists in training were recruited for this study. Most of the respondents, 97 (47.1%), practiced in centres in South-West Nigeria and were board-certified ophthalmologists 96 (46.6%). In general, the majority of the respondents, 182 (88.3%), had good knowledge regarding the COVID-19 virus, its transmission, prevention as it regards the ophthalmic practice, 134 (74.8%) either agreed or strongly agreed that the ophthalmologist is at a higher risk of contracting the virus from infected patients even if the patient is asymptomatic. COVID-19 infection was perceived as very serious by the majority of the respondents, 135 (65.5%), although 128 (62.1%) felt that all routine cases should be seen only following a low-risk assessment.

Conclusion:
As the world races toward complete vaccination of the population against this fatal infection, continued training is required to ensure the best practices among ophthalmologists to bridge the present knowledge gaps, corrects myths, misconceptions, and ensure the safety of both the patient and the ophthalmologist.
INFORME: El Tribunal Económico-Administrativo de la Junta de Andalucia
Authors: Núñez Lozano María del Carmen 
Published: August 2021

SUMARIO:
I. INTRODUCCIÓN.
II. NATURALEZA Y COMPOSICIÓN DEL TRIBUNAL ECONÓMICO- ADMINISTRATIVO DE LA JUNTA DE ANDALUCÍA.
III. COMPETENCIAS.
IV. FUNCIONAMIENTO.
V. PUESTA EN FUNCIONAMIENTO DEL TRIBUNAL ECONÓMICOADMINISTRATIVO.
Notas de jurisprudencia.- Tribunal Supremo
Authors: Gamero Casado Eduardo 
Published: August 2021

SUMARIO:
II. ADMINISTRACIÓN LOCALVI. CONTRATOSVIII. CULTURA, EDUCACIÓN, DEPORTE, PATRIMONIO HISTÓRICOIX. DERECHO ADMINISTRATIVO ECONÓMICO X. DERECHO ADMINISTRATIVO SANCIONADORXI. DERECHOS FUNDAMENTALES Y LIBERTADESXII. EXPROPIACIÓN FORZOSAXIII. FUENTE XV. JURISDICIÓN CONTENCIOSO ADMINISTRATIVAXVI. MEDIO AMBIENTEXVIII. PERSONALXIX. PROCEDIMIENTO ADMINISTRATIVOXX. RESPONSABILIDAD PATRIMONIALXXI. SALUD Y SERVICIOS SOCIALES.XXII. URBANISMO Y VIVIENDA
Noticia de Revistas Autonómicas
Authors: Fernández Ramos Severiano 
Published: August 2021

SUMARIO:
1.- Unión Europea, Comunidades Autónomas, Derecho autonómico, Régimen Local2.- Derechos fundamentales y derechos de ciudadanía3.- Fuentes, potestad reglamentaria, organización administrativa. 4.- Acto, procedimiento administrativo, expropiación, responsabilidad y control Jurisdiccional de las Administraciones Públicas.5.- Modalidades administrativas de Intervención (Policía, Fomento, Servicio público, Actividad Sancionadora, Arbitral y Planificadora).6.- Sectores Administrativos de Intervención. Derecho Administrativo económico (Aguas, Montes, Minas, Costas, Agricultura y pesca, Urbanismo y Ordenación del territorio, Medio ambiente, Energía, Telecomunicaciones, Patrimonio cultural, etc.).7.- Varia.
Occupational Therapy’s Role in Addressing the Psychological and Social Impact of COVID-19
Authors: Lannigan Elizabeth Griffin , Tyminski Quinn 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, health care practitioners’ primary focus has been on its physical consequences. Yet, the emotional strain of the pandemic exposed the mental health needs of survivors and society as a result of forced changes in occupational choices, habits, and roles. These forced changes caused a collective confusion, fear, loss, and grief. This column focuses on occupational therapy’s critical contributions to supporting society’s mental health and wellness. Occupational therapy has a unique opportunity to provide interventions to address population-wide mental health and wellness, targeted prevention of mental health concerns for people at risk, and intensive intervention for people with COVID-19–induced mental health diagnoses.
Um mundo de riscos e desafios: conquistar a sustentabilidade, reinventar a democracia, e eliminar a nova exclusão social
Authors: Pazello Elizabeth Dalana 
Published: August 2021

Esse documento se configura como uma resenha da obra "Um mundo de riscos e desafios: conquistar a sustentabilidade, reinventar a democracia, e eliminar a nova exclusão social" do autor sociólogo Elimar Pinheiro do Nascimento, publicada em 2020 pela Fundação Astrojildo Pereira (FAP).
REPRODUTIBILIDADE DE RESPOSTAS NA VALIDAÇÃO DE UM PROTOCOLO DO NÍVEL DE CONHECIMENTO TÁTICO DECLARATIVO NO HANDEBOL
Authors: Leão Iberê Caldas Souza , Viana Marcelo Tavares , Sougey Everton Botelho 
Published: August 2021

Objetivo: O objetivo desse estudo foi reproduzir as mesmas respostas de um grupo de atletas de alto nível (peritos) do handebol Brasileiro, na busca da validade de conteúdo de um protocolo do nível de conhecimento tático declarativo (CTD). Método: Por meio de um estudo do tipo explicativo, inferencial, transversal, do tipo caso controle, com amostras por conveniência, foram avaliadas 32 (trinta e duas) atletas da categoria adulta. Utilizou-se um teste (conjunto de cenas de vídeo) que mede o nível de CTD para respectiva reprodutibilidade. Foi empregado o teste t pareado (p≤0,05) e os dados foram gerados pelo pacote estatístico do SPSS for Windows 17.0, de 2010. O estudo foi aprovado pelo comitê de Ética da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (protocolo No 94.896 de 14/08/2012), sendo realizado em dezembro de 2015. Resultados: Foi obtida uma boa reprodutibilidade entre as respostas das atletas analisadas no tempo 1 (3,81±1,36) e no tempo 2 (3,22±1,13) com um p≤0,09. Discussão: Neste sentido, identifica-se que o teste e fidedigno para o que se propõe (analise do nível de CTD/percepção e tomada de decisão). Conclusão: A partir da análise realizada nesse estudo, foi obtida uma boa reprodutibilidade das respostas de um grupo de atletas do alto nível do handebol Brasileiro, naobtenção da validação de conteúdo de um protocolo do nível de conhecimento tático declarativo nessa modalidade.
Relectura cristiana del quinto centenario
Authors: Sobrino Jon 
Published: August 2021

Sólo la honradez ante el pasado y su verdad nos hará libres y nos capacitará para construir un futuro justo. Aquí se abordan algunos puntos importantes para iluminar la pregunta de si y qué podemos celebrar y, sobre todo, para hacer hoy las cosas de manera distinta. En concreto, el autor analiza cómo se vio entonces la empresa conquistadora desde la fe y cómo se ve desde hoy la empresa evangelizadora de entonces.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 47, No. 528, 1992: 855-866.
Dos programas económicos para 1994
Authors: Ibisate Francisco J. 
Published: August 2021

Síntesis de las grandes líneas de pensamiento económico de los partidos políticos, partiendo de que un buen plan económico nacional debe estar inspirado en el contexto social concreto del país al cual también debe dar respuesta, según su objetivo fundamental: el desarrollo económico y el crecimiento con equidad.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 48, No. 540, 1993: 983-1002.
Pronunciamiento en la conmemoración del quinto aniversario de los mártires de la UCA. Universidad Centroamericana "José Simeón Cañas". El Salvador necesita realismo y esperanza
Authors: Editor El 
Published: August 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 49, No. 553-554, 1994: 1177-1183.
El Salvador en 1995
Authors: González Luis Armando , Romano Luis Ernesto , Sermeño Ángel Alfredo , Vargas Henry Marcel 
Published: August 2021

Evaluación de la situación económica, socio-laboral y política de El Salvador en 1995. La tesis del artículo es que, en 1995, en el país emergió una tensión difícil de resolver entre política y mercado, esto es, entre las exigencias de la política democrática y las exigencias de la lógica neoliberal. Asimismo, se afirma que en el centro de esa tensión se haya situada la sociedad civil, cada vez más afectada en sus condiciones de vida por el empuje del mercado y cada vez más "desprotegida" políticamente por la subordinación estatal a los intereses empresariales.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 51, No. 569, 1996: 157-178.
Enfoque de un plan alternativo de desarrollo para El Salvador
Authors: White Alastair 
Published: August 2021

Ponencia leída en el Departamento de Economía de la Universidad de El Salvador, reelaborada posteriormente. Ante los fracasos de los modelos desarrollista y neoliberal, el autor propone una alternativa, fundamentada en la relación del capital intensivo y la población económicamente activa. Se trata de superar el subdesarrollo, modernizar la economía y dar empleo a toda la población. Si el capital estuviera distribuido más equitativamente por trabajador, habría una producción total mayor y más justicia social.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 51, No. 569, 1996: 205-213.
The efficacy of suppressive antibiotic treatment in patients managed non-operatively for periprosthetic joint infection and a draining sinus
Authors: Lensen Karel-Jan Dag François , Escudero-Sanchez Rosa , Cobo Javier , Trebše Rihard , Gubavu Camelia , Tedeschi Sara , Lomas Jose M. , Arvieux Cedric , Rodriguez-Pardo Dolors , Fantoni Massimo , Pais Maria Jose Garcia , Jover Francisco , Salles Mauro José Costa , Sancho Ignacio , Sampedro Marta Fernandez , Soriano Alex , Wouthuyzen-Bakker Marjan ,   ESCMID Study Group of Implant Associated Infections (ESGIAI)
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Objectives: Patients with prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) not suitable for curative surgery may benefit from suppressive antibiotic therapy (SAT). However, the usefulness of SAT in cases with a draining sinus has never been investigated. Methods: A multicentre, retrospective observational cohort study was performed in which patients with a PJI and a sinus tract were eligible for inclusion if managed conservatively and if sufficient follow-up data were available (i.e. at least 2 years). SAT was defined as a period of > 6 months of oral antibiotic therapy. Results: SAT was initiated in 63 of
72 (87.5 %) included patients. Implant retention during follow-up was the
same in patients receiving SAT vs. no SAT (79.4 % vs. 88.9 %;
p=0.68). In total, 27 % of patients using SAT experienced side effects. In addition, the occurrence of prosthetic loosening in initially fixed implants, the need for surgical debridement, or the occurrence of bacteremia during follow-up could not be fully prevented with the use of SAT, which still occurred in 42 %, 6.3 %, and 3.2 % of cases, respectively. However, the
sinus tract tended to close more often (42 % vs. 13 %; p=0.14), and a
higher resolution of pain was observed (35 % vs. 14 %; p=0.22) in
patients receiving SAT. Conclusions: SAT is not able to fully prevent complications in patients with a draining sinus. However, it may be beneficial in a subset of patients, particularly in those with pain or the hindrance of a draining sinus. A future prospective study, including a higher number of patients not receiving SAT, is needed.
Multiscale variations in Arctic sea ice motion and links to atmospheric and oceanic conditions
Authors: Fu Dongyang , Liu Bei , Qi Yali , Yu Guo , Huang Haoen , Qu Lilian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Arctic sea ice drift motion affects the global material balance, energy exchange and climate change and seriously affects the navigational safety of ships along certain channels. Due to the Arctic's special geographical location and harsh natural conditions, observations and broad understanding of the Arctic sea ice motion are very limited. In this study, sea ice motion data released by the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) were used to analyze the climatological, spatial and temporal characteristics of the Arctic sea ice drift from 1979 to 2018 and to understand the multiscale variation characteristics of the three major Arctic sea ice drift patterns. The empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis method was used to extract the three main sea ice drift patterns, which are the anticyclonic sea ice drift circulation pattern on the scale of the Arctic basin, the average sea ice transport pattern from the Arctic Ocean to the Fram Strait, and the transport pattern moving ice between the Kara Sea (KS) and the northern coast of Alaska. By using the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) method, each temporal coefficient series extracted by the EOF method was decomposed into multiple timescale sequences. We found that the three major drift patterns have four significant interannual variation periods of approximately 1, 2, 4 and 8 years. Furthermore, the second pattern has a significant interdecadal variation characteristic with a period of approximately 19 years, while the other two patterns have no significant interdecadal variation characteristics. Combined with the atmospheric and oceanic geophysical variables, the results of the correlation analysis show that the first EOF sea ice drift pattern is mainly related to atmospheric environmental factors, the second pattern is related to the joint action of atmospheric and oceanic factors, and the third pattern is mainly related to oceanic factors. Our study suggests that the ocean environment also has a strong correlation with sea ice movement. Especially for some sea ice transport patterns, the correlation even exceeds atmospheric forcing.