bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Resistant to Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) Treatment in Patients with Kawasaki Disease in the Tertiary Care Hospital.
Authors: Charoonrochana Sarinrath , Klaiklueng Kittipol , Somanundana Rattawanlop 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Kawasaki disease (KD)is an acute autoimmune systemic vasculitis disease that mainly occurs in infancy and younger children. It has the potential to cause coronary artery lesions (CALs) develop in up to 20-25% of patients with untreated KD caused morbidity and mortality in children worldwide especially in Asia. Objective: To determine the predictive factors of IVIG resistant Kawasaki disease in Thailand Method: A retrospective descriptive study. Patient charts of all patients who had newly diagnosed of KD in Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital, Thailand between January 2010 and December 2020 were reviewed. The protocol was approved by the ethic review committee. Results: A total of 102 subjects met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled into the study, including 17 cases of IVIG resistant (17/97, 28.5%) and 80 cases of IVIG responder (80/97, 71.4%).Demographic and laboratory characteristics were obtained. Male gender has greater in number in IVIG resistant group. Average age is 27 months and IVIG resistant tends to have age below 6 months old. Two variables were significantly lower in IVIG-resistant group than IVIG-responder group, including serum albumin (3.01±0.51vs 3.48±0.49 g/dL, p-value = 0 . 01) and serum sodium (133.24±3.43 vs 135.79±3.19 mEq/L, p-value = 0.01) meanwhile age at time of diagnosis less than 6 months (29.4% vs 8.75%, p-value = 0.02) and serum ALT (78.29±74.19 versus 71.01±80.19 IU/L, p-value = 0.02) were significantly higher in IVIG-resistant group than IVIG-responder group. Conclusion: The predictive factors of our study by univariate analysis included age below 6 months, serum albumin <3.5g/dL, serum sodium <135mmol / L and high serum ALT≥45 IU/L. The principal findings in our predictive model is the scoring system for predicting IVIG-resistant patients in Thai population, the scoring system includes total peripheral WBC count >18,000 mm 3 . (1 point), serum albumin < 3.5 g/dl (1 point) and serum ALT ≥ 45 IU/L (1.5 points), and a total score equal 2 points and higher yielded a sensitivity and a specificity of 82.35% and 62.50%, respectively for IVIG resistance prediction, who require more close monitoring which may help physicians make more rational decisions regarding an initial treatment of KD and be the candidates for additional therapies. Our study is similar to previous studies in Japan, a risk scoring system prior to administrate IVIG.
The Impacts of Social Media Usage on Health Professionals’ Healthcare Services
Authors: Workie Melaku Bayu , Yemer Destaw Bayable , Desta Minwuyelet Andualem , Berhanu Meslo Sema , Wondim Getachew Degie , Feleke Kibru Engida 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The use of social media is mounting as the number of social media outlets, platforms and applications available continue to upsurge. Health professionals are welcome to use social media in their personal lives, and share workplace experiences despite its risk as it offers instantaneous posting opportunities. The aim of this study was to assess social media usage and its impacts on health professionals’ healthcare services at Debre Tabor Referral Hospital in Ethiopia. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to conduct the study at Debre Tabor Referral Hospital in Ethiopia from November 2020 to January 2021. An open online-based questionnaire was used to gather the necessary data for the study. It was distributed among three-hundred-fifty-eight health professionals who were opted through comprehensive sampling. Hence, descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages were employed to analyze the data. Results: Almost all (97.5%) health professionals were aware and willing to use social media networks. 63.4% of the respondents agreed on the positive uses of social media for professional development via medication clarification, updates from medical conferences and socializing with colleagues. However, only 15.1 % of the participants strongly agreed that using social media networks negatively affected healthcare services by hatred the quality of health information. Conclusion: The finding of this study disclosed that the participants were aware and willing to use social media networks for their professional purposes. The study also found that social media can be used as a source of reference. It is a good tool for professional development and disseminate healthcare news. Nonetheless, using social media networks negatively affected health professionals’ healthcare services by venomous the quality of health information, damaging their image and professional honor.
“Resiliency Engagement and Care in Health (REaCH); a Telephone Befriending Intervention for Up Skilled Rural Youth in the Context of COVID-19&nbsp;Pandemic: Study Protocol for a Multi-centre Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial”.
Authors: Saju M D , ALLAGH Komal Preet , Benny Anuja Maria , Scaria Lorane , Cheguvera Natania , P Sunirose I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe lockdown associated with the COVID-19 pandemic is likely to impact the mental health of people, especially those who are from economically backward and vulnerable sections of society. Mental health can be affected from various reasons including fear of disease transmission, from response measures like social distancing and lockdown, fear of being in quarantine, loneliness, depression due to isolation, fear of losing work and livelihood and avoiding health care due to fear of being infected. Telephonic befriending intervention by non-specialists will be used to provide social and emotional support to the youth from the Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDUGKY), an initiative of Government of India. This study aims to promote mental wellbeing and reduce depressive symptoms by assisting participants to mobilize social support from family, friends and significant others by using the telephonic befriending intervention. MethodsIn this article, we report the design and protocol of a multi-centre cluster randomised controlled trial. In total, 1440 participants aged 18-35 years, who have recently passed out of the DDU-GKY initiative will be recruited in the study, from 12 project implementing agencies across 6 geographical zones of India. Participants from 6 of these agencies will be assigned into the telephonic befriending intervention arm and the other 6 agency participants will be assigned to the general enquiry phone call arm (control). The primary outcomes of this study are mental wellbeing, depressive symptoms and perceived social support. Baseline assessments and follow-up assessments will be carried out 1 month following the intervention using WHO-5, PHQ and MSPSS-12 questionnaires. The befriending intervention will be provided by DDU-GKY staff who will be trained by a virtual training program. DiscussionThe results of this trial will help assess whether participants who are offered emotional, social and practical support through befriending, will experience lesser symptoms of depression and better mental health compared to participants who do not receive this intervention. And whether participants who receive the intervention will perceive better social support. Trial registrationThis intervention trial This intervention trial is registered under Clinical Trial Registry India (ICMR-NIMS) on 27th July 2020; registration number: CTRICTRI/2020/07/026834
Safety Assessment of Aqueous and Supercritical CO2 Extracts of the Chaga Mushroom Inonotus obliguus
Authors: Li Natalia , Kalenik Tatyana 
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Plant materials are susceptible to microbial contamination at all stages of the technological process and storage. This problem becomes highly relevant when extracting biologically active compounds from the Inonotus obliquus chaga mushroom. If used in food systems, contaminated extracts may cause their subsequent microbial contamination, as well as deterioration of quality and safety, which inevitably leads to economic losses and health risks. Inonotus obliquus is a popular component of various functional foods; therefore, the microbiological purity of its extracts requires a thorough analysis. In this regard, toxicity in a living test object is another important aspect of the safety studies of extracts and biologically active compounds. Before introducing a new food additive or component into the food system, it has to be tested for toxic properties.
Study objects and methods. The research featured aqueous and supercritical CO2-extracts of the Inonotus obliguus chaga mushroom. The aqueous extract was obtained according to the method specified in the State Pharmacopoeia of the USSR. The supercritical CO2 extraction was obtained using a Thar SFE-500F-2-FMC50 supercritical fluid extraction system. Microbiological indicators were determined by standard operating methods. The relative biological value and possible toxic properties were measured by biotesting on Tetrahymena pyriformis.
Results and its discussion. During the entire tested storage period, the microbial contamination of the extracts remained at a low level, while the contaminants in the supercritical extract showed signs of microbial deactivation by carbon dioxide. The experiment on the ciliates demonstrated no inhibition of motility and growth, the shape of the cells was oval, even, and the cell walls remained unaffected, which means that the extracts produced no toxic effect.
Conclusion. The extracts of the Inonotus obliguus mushroom proved to be biologically valuable and toxicologically safe. The test on Tetrahymena pyriformis showed stable and traceable microbiological indicators. Therefore, aqueous and supercritical CO2 extracts of Inonotus obliguus can be used in food industry.
Monetization Management in Restaurant Business
Authors: Kotliarov Ivan 
Published: March 2021

Introduction. The traditional model of restaurant business demonstrates an asymmetry between the structure of the complex service provided by restaurants and the structure of the customer payments, as restaurants normally charge only the price of meals while providing customers with a place for eating and offering them waiter services. This asymmetry creates mutual misunderstanding between restaurants and customers and undermines the performance of restaurants. Therefore, it creates a demand for a new model of monetization of restaurant service that would take into account the complex nature of these services.
Study objects and methods. The paper reviews the existing practice of restaurant business. It focuses on the case study of the True Cost restaurant chain (Moscow, Russia), which is a typical example of the “true cost” model. Models of monetization are structured on the basis of strategic matrices method.
Results and discussion. The author described the non-economic and economic tools that can be used to capture the value created by the complex restaurant service and built a hierarchical model of monetization system. The “true cost” monetization model sets up separate prices for meals and dining room. The economic nature of this model presupposes a direct link between elements of customers’ payments, elements of the complex service provided by restaurants, and elements of cost – fixed and variable. The author defined advantages and disadvantages of the “true cost” model and assessed the possibility of using it in other sectors of service industry. The paper also introduces a structured system of monetization models in restaurant business.
Conclusion. The tradition monetization model blurs the nature of the restaurant services and reduces the financial results. Restaurants should implement monetization models that valorize all elements of the complex service. This goal can be chieved by pricing different elements of the complex service separately.
Nivel de estrés académico por evaluación oral y escrita en estudiantes de Medicina de una universidad del Departamento de Sucre
Authors: Otero-Marrugo German , Carriazo-Sampayo Guillermo , Tamara-Oliver Scarleth , Lacayo- Lepesqueur Maria Katty , Torres-Barrios Giovanni , Pájaro Castro Nerlis Paola 
Published: March 2021

Introducción: Todas las personas, independientemente de su raza, sexo o cualquier otra diferencia puede experimentar estrés, puesto que cotidianamente estamos expuestos a factores estresantes, y el ámbito educativo no es ajeno a este fenómeno. El objetivo de este trabajo es comparar el nivel de estrés en los estudiantes de Medicina de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud sometidos a evaluación oral y escrita. Metodología: Se evaluó el perfil de estrés en los estudiantes por lo menos una semana antes de presentar una prueba oral o escrita. Posteriormente, se procedió a aplicar el test para evaluar estrés académico en los estudiantes sometidos a prueba oral y escrita empleando el inventario Sisco. Resultados: Los estudiantes de Medicina tienen estrés académico cuando son sometidos a evaluación escrita u oral indistintamente. Además de la evaluación, los estresores con mayor impacto son sobrecarga de tareas y trabajos escolares, no entender los temas que se abordan en clase y el tiempo limitado para hacer el trabajo. Los síntomas más frecuentes que demuestran el estrés académico fueron somnolencia o mayor necesidad de dormir, ansiedad, angustia o desesperación, aumento o reducción del consumo de alimentos y como estrategia se afrontamiento se encontró una gran tendencia a practicar la religiosidad. Conclusiones: Las evaluaciones son una fuente importante de estrés académico en los estudiantes, por lo cual se recomienda implementar un plan de acción para reducir los niveles de estrés académico.
Effects of sea ice change on the Arctic climate: insights from experiments with a polar atmospheric regional climate model
Authors: Liu Xiying , Lu Chenchen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To get insights into the effects of sea ice change on the Arctic climate, a polar atmospheric regional climate model was used to perform two groups of numerical experiments with prescribed sea ice cover of typical mild and severe sea ice. In experiments within the same group, the lateral boundary conditions and initial values were kept the same. The prescribed sea ice concentration (SIC) and other fields for the lower boundary conditions were changed every six hours. 10-year integration was completed, and monthly mean results were saved for analysis in each experiment. It is shown that the changes in annual mean surface air temperature have close connections with that in SIC, and the maximum change of temperature surpasses 15 K. The effects of SIC changes on 850 hPa air temperature is also evident, with more significant changes in the group with reduced sea ice. The higher the height, the weaker the response in air temperature to SIC change. The annual mean SIC change creates the pattern of differences in annual mean sea level pressure. The degree of significance in pressure change is modulated by atmospheric stratification stability. In response to reduction/increase of sea ice, the intensity of polar vortex weakens/strengthens.
Kinetic study of biogas production from anaerobic digestion of vinasse waste
Authors: Usmani A. , Pangkumhang B. , Wongaree M. , Wantala K. , Khunphonoi R. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Vinasse, a sugar-ethanol residue, is used as a substrate for biogas production. The characteristics of the vinasse wastewater used were 216,000 mg-COD/L, pH 4.1, and 68.42 mg/L volatile solids. The sludge/wastewater ratio was controlled at about 1.5−2.0, by weight. Biogas production enhancement was studied in relation to two parameters – Citadel BioCat + , a commercial biocatalyst containing a large microorganism population as the methanogenic bacteria source (5 and 10 g), and reaction temparature (30 and 37 °C). Biogas production kinetics were evaluated. The presence of the biocatalyst enhanced biogas production significantly, as well as reducing the time required for anaerobic digestion. The first-order kinetic model described the biodegradation process. The best results were found using 10 g of biocatalyst at 37 °C – i.e., the optimum results based on biogas production potential (A), the highest biogas production rate (U), the minimum biogas production time (λ), and kinetic organic biodegradability constants (k) of 102.71 mL/g-COD, 11.17 mL/g-COD/d, 0.95 day, and 0.0533 day−1, respectively. COD removal efficiency was up to 60%.
Aggravated biofouling caused by chlorine disinfection in a pilot-scale reverse osmosis treatment system of municipal wastewater
Authors: Luo Li-Wei , Wu Yin-Hu , Wang Yun-Hong , Tong Xin , Bai Yuan , Chen Gen-Qiang , Wang Hao-Bin , Ikuno Nozomu , Hu Hong-Ying 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The reverse osmosis (RO) system is widely applied to produce reclaimed water for high-standard industrial use. Chlorine disinfection is the main biofouling control method in the RO systems for wastewater reclamation. However, researchers reported the adverse effects of chlorine disinfection which aggravated biofouling in laboratory-scale RO systems. In this study, four parallel 4-inch spiral wound RO membranes were used to study the effect of chlorine on biofouling in a pilot-scale RO system. The free chlorine dosages in four experimental groups were 0, 1, 2 and 5 mg/L, respectively. After continuous chlorination and dechlorination, the feed water entered the RO system. It was found that chlorine pretreatment caused a 1.9–36.7% increase in relative feed water pressure of the RO system, suggesting that chlorine aggravated the membrane fouling in the pilot-scale RO system. The microbial community structures of living bacteria in the feed water of the RO system were determined by the PMA (propidium monoazide)-PCR method and showed that the relative abundance of chlorine-resistant bacteria (CRB) was significantly increased after disinfection. Nine major genera which maintained higher relative abundance in experimental groups with high chlorine dosage were considered as possible key species causing membrane fouling, including Pedobacter, Clostridium and Bradyrhizobium.
Analysis of water quality indices and machine learning techniques for rating water pollution: a case study of Rawal Dam, Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Mehreen , Mumtaz Rafia , Hassan Zaidi Syed Mohammad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWater Quality Index (WQI) is a unique and effective rating technique for assessing the quality of water. Nevertheless, most of the indices are not applicable to all water types as these are dependent on core physico-chemical water parameters that can make them biased and sensitive towards specific attributes including: (i) time, location and frequency for data sampling; (ii) number, variety and weights allocation of parameters. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate these indices to eliminate uncertainties that make them unpredictable and which may lead to manipulation of the water quality classes. The present study calculated five WQIs for two temporal periods: (i) June to December 2019 obtained in real time (using the Internet of Things (IoT) nodes) at inlet and outlet streams of Rawal Dam; (ii) 2012–2019 obtained from the Rawal Dam Water Filtration Plant, collected through GIS-based grab sampling. The computed WQIs categorized the collected datasets as ‘Very Poor’, primarily owing to the uneven distribution of the water samples that has led to class imbalance in the data. Additionally, this study investigates the classification of water quality using machine learning algorithms namely: Decision Tree (DT), k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Logistic Regression (LogR), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Naive Bayes (NB); based on the parameters including: pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, turbidity, fecal coliform and temperature. The classification results showed that the DT algorithm outperformed other models with a classification accuracy of 99%. Although WQI is a popular method used to assess the water quality, there is a need to address the uncertainties and biases introduced by the limitations of data acquisition (such as specific location/area, type and number of parameters or water type) leading to class imbalance. This can be achieved by developing a more refined index that considers various other factors such as topographical and hydrological parameters with spatial temporal variations combined machine learning techniques to effectively contribute in estimation of water quality for all regions.
Ground water toxicity due to fluoride contamination in Southwestern Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Yasar Abdullah , Javed Tariq , Kausar Firdaus , Shamshad Jaweria , Hayat Khan Muhammad Umar , Iqbal Rashid 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The prevalence of dental/bone deformities provides motivation for studying the distribution, severity and sources of the Fluoride (F−1). The ground water samples (n = 77) were collected, from the districts of Lahore and Kasur of approximately 750 km2 area. The water was analyzed for fluoride (F−), pH, electric conductivity (EC), alkalinity and hardness. The results revealed F− concentration ranges from 0.25–21.3 mg. An inverse relation between depth and fluoride concentration was observed. On the basis of cluster analysis three zones were identified. Highly toxic zone was a strip of 15 km wide and 3 km long, along Multan Road from Sunder to Phool Nagar bypass, with fluoride concentration (08–21.3 mg/L). The highly toxic zone inhabited a number of industrial units, disposing off their wastewater through soaking pits. These units contribute pollution to the shallow water, which further penetrates to the surroundings. Hence the shallow water (depth of 45–50 feet) was the most contaminated. The intensity of toxic effects decreases from highly to mild toxic zone. It was concluded that the problem was actually associated with the industrial wastewater. Therefore, to overcome the issue, measures of supplying fresh drinking water from the deep aquifer as well as treatment of industrial water is suggested.
HIGHLIGHT
Industry was actually responsible for fluoride toxicity in the region rather than natural sources.
Modeling interspecific competition of the microbial community during anaerobic digestion based on cellular automata and ADM1
Authors: Zhang Miao , Shi En , Li Yafeng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Interspecific competition for substrate and space gives rise to considerable variation in biomass distribution within the microbial community. To study microbial community in depth, we used several research methods as sampling and analytical measurements, and developed a cellular automata (CA) model that would facilitate a description of the microbial growth process based on Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) of the International Water Association (IWA). Using the CA model, we aimed to determine whether interspecific competition occurs among acidogens, acetogens and methanogens, and to examine the influence of interspecific competition on the spatial structure of microbial communities. We found that acetogens and methanogens competed for core space, resulting in a multi-layer structure. Butyrate-degrading acetogens increased in number, resulting in inhibition of propionate-degrading acetogens. Hydrogenotrophic methanogens showed stronger competitive advantage than acetotrophic methanogens. The simulation showed that the multi-layer structure of the microbial community was formed by interspecific competition.