bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling the Prevalence of Hepatitis B Towards Eliminating It as a Major Public Health Threat in China
Authors: Liu Wenjun , Zhuang Tianyi , Xia Ruyi , Zou Zhuoru , Zhang Lei , Shen Mingwang , Zhuang Guihua 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) requires a reduction in the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) in children to 0.1% by 2030, a key indicator for eliminating viral hepatitis as a major public health threat. Whether and how China can achieve this target remains unknown, although great achievements have been made. We aimed to predict the decline of HBsAg prevalence in China and identify key developments needed to achieve the target.Methods: An age- and time-dependent dynamic compartmental model was constructed based on the natural history of HBV infection and the national history and current status of hepatitis B control. The model was run from 2006 to 2040 to predict the decline of HBsAg prevalence under three scenarios including maintaining current interventions (status quo), status quo + peripartum antiviral prophylaxis (recommended by WHO in 2020), and scaling up available interventions.Results: Under the status quo, HBsAg prevalence would decrease steadily in all age groups, but the WHO’s target of 0.1% prevalence in children aged < 5 years would not be achieved until 2037. The results are robust according to sensitivity analyses. Under the status quo + antiviral prophylaxis, the HBsAg prevalence of children aged < 5 years would significantly decrease with the introduction of peripartum antiviral prophylaxis, and the higher the successful interruption coverage is achieved, the more significant the decline. However, even if the successful interruption coverage reaches 90% by 2030, the 0.1% prevalence target would not be met until 2031. Under the scaling up available interventions, combined with scale-up of current interventions, the WHO’s 0.1% target would be achieved on time or one year in advance if peripartum antiviral prophylaxis is introduced and the successful interruption coverage is scaled up to 80% or 90% by 2030, respectively.Conclusions: It is difficult for China to achieve the WHO’s target of 0.1% HBsAg prevalence in children by 2030 by maintaining current interventions. Peripartum antiviral prophylaxis may play an important role to shorten the time to achieve the target. A comprehensive scale-up of available interventions including peripartum antiviral prophylaxis will ensure that China achieves the target on schedule.
Quantification of Airborne Concentrations of Nano And Micro Scale Phosphor Particles In The Manufacturing environment by Spectrofluorometric Method
Authors: Deniz Fatih , Ertekin Kadriye , Ulucan Utku 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this work, nanoscale luminescent materials dispersed in the air were collected and quantified by the fluorescence spectroscopy. A well-known phosphor; LuAG:Ce3+ was chosen as the model particle due to its strong, measurable and repeatable signal which can easily be excited by the blue light and emits at yellow wavelengths. The ionic liquid modified polymethylmethacrylate based filters were fabricated by electrospinning technique. Samples were collected by means of a vacuum pump from the laboratory environment during the grinding, weighing, transfer, washing, drying and packaging of the phosphorus particles, for different time intervals. The spectrofluorometric method was used for the quantification of the airborne concentration of the nano and microscale dusts. Presented method was also tested in terms of precision, LOD, LOQ, and stability. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to measure the airborne concentrations of the nano-scale luminescent phosphor particles and can easily be adopted for the quantification of other nanoscale- emitting particles in workplaces. Additionally, the offered design allows miniaturization since it is possible to excite the particles with cost-effective LED based light sources, integrate the system with fiber optics and detect the received optical response by photodiodes.
Exploration of Nonlinear Optical Enhancement and Interesting Optical Behavior with Pyrene Moiety as the Conjugated Donor and Efficient Modification in Acceptor Moieties
Authors: Khalid Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Usman , Azhar Nimra , Arshad Muhammad Nadeem , Asiri Abdullah M. , Braga Ataualpa Albert Carmo , Akhtar Muhammad Nadeem 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Herein, a series of new pyrene based hexylcyanoacetate derivatives (HPPC1-HPPC8) with A–π–D–π–D configuration were designed by end-capped modeling of non-fullerene acceptors on the structure of reference compound named dihexyl 3,3'-(pyrene-1,6-diylbis(4,1-phenylene))(2E,2'E)-bis(2-cyanoacrylate) HPPCR. Quantum chemical calculations of HPPCR and HPPC1-HPPC8 were accomplished at M06/6-31G(d, p) level. The stability of molecules due to the strongest hyper conjugative interactions in HPPCR and HPPC1-HPPC8 was estimated through NBO study. Interestingly, HOMO-LUMO band-gap of HPPC1-HPPC8 was found smaller than HPPCR which resulted in large NLO response. Among all the investigated compounds HPPC7 showed the larger NLO response due to the presence of four cyanide (CN) groups which strengthens the bridge conjugation, and its band gap was found to be 2.11eV, smaller as compared to band gap of HPPCR (3.225 eV). The absorption spectra of HPPC1-HPPC8 compounds showed maximum absorption wavelengths (483–707 nm) than HPPCR (471.764nm). The designed compounds showed high NLO response than HPPCR. Amazingly, highest amplitude of linear polarizability < α>, first hyperpolarizability (βtotal) and second hyperpolarizability < γ > for HPPC7 were achieved to be 1331.191, 200112.2 and 4.131 ×107 (a.u), respectively. NLO response showed that the HPPC1-HPPC8 might be potential candidates for NLO applications.
Perceived Barriers of Learner Nurses Regarding Virtual Learning In A Rural-Based University In Limpopo Province
Authors: Mbombi Masenyani Oupa , Muthelo Livhuwani , Phukubye Thabo Arthur 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 pandemic resultant in many universities suspending their academic activities, making virtual learning an option for saving the disrupted academic year. One rural-based university was forced to enhance its learning management system. The pandemic presented an opportunity to assessment the implementation of virtual learning at this university. The paper aims to describe the perceived barriers of virtual learning in a rural-based university of Limpopo Province.Method: A quantitative descriptive design was applied to describe the barriers of virtual learning in a rural university. The purposive convenience sampling method was used to select learner nurses from the School of Healthcare Sciences. An electronic survey questionnaire with open and closed-ended questions sent via WhatsApp messenger was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with SPSS version 26.Results: Learner nurses described various barriers for virtual learning such as; weak networks for connecting Blackboard, lack of ICT facilities such as laptops and tablets by learner nurses, lack of skills for using Blackboard, and aging.Conclusion: The study findings add knowledge regarding the use of virtual learning in a rural-based university. We conclude that virtual learning in a rural-based university is a significant transition process that comes with complex challenges such as network problems. There is a need to develop strategies to enhance virtual learning in rural-based university.
Approach of Total Water Quality And Total Human Health Hazard Indices For Health Risk Evaluation With Oral Intake Pathway of Groundwater Nitrate And Fluoride From a Rural Region of South India
Authors: Gugulothu Sakram , Rao Nandipati Subba , Das Rashmirekha , Duvva Laxman Kumar , Dhakate Ratnakar 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Evaluation of the chemical quality of groundwater and associated health hazards is a prerequisite for taking remedial measures elsewhere. The rural region of South India was, thus, chosen for the present study to assess the total quality of groundwater and also to decipher the human health risk zones with respect to adults and children due to groundwater pollution with nitrate (NO-3) and fluoride (F-) ions. Groundwater samples collected from the study region were determined for various chemical parameters. According to the total water quality index, groundwater quality is suitable for drinking purposes. However, the NO-3 (0.4 to 585.20 mg/L) and F (0.22 to 5.41 mg/L) ions exceed the drinking water quality limits of 45 mg/L and 1.5 mg/L in 34% and 25% of the groundwater samples, respectively. Nitrate fertilizers appeared as the chief source of NO-3, and fluoride minerals as the main source of F- in the groundwater body, which is further supported by principal component analysis. The total human health hazard index (THHHI) was observed to be higher than its tolerable limit of 1.0 in 63% and 73% of the groundwater samples in respect of NO-3 and F- of adults and children, respectively. The intensity of human health risk zones of THHHI (>1.0) was 1.37 times higher in children (5.69) than in children (4.15), which cover an area of 71.75% and 66.73%, respectively. Thus, effective strategic measures were recommended for the protection of groundwater resources from pollution and also for improving human health conditions.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Prognosis of S100 Family Members and Their Relationship with Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells in Human Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ren Yajun , Chen Bing , Zhang Meng , Xu Feng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: S100 family members(S100s) are small molecular EF hand calcium binding proteins and widely expressed in many tissues and organs. S100s are shown to be biomarkers of disease progression and prognosis in various types of cancers. Nevertheless, the expression patterns, function, prognostic values of S100s and its association with tumor-infiltrating immune cells in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma(PAAD) patients have not been systematically clarified. Methods: we explored that the expression and roles of the entire twenty S100s in PAAD patients by using the following public databases: Oncomine, GEPIA, cBioPortal, Metascape, STRING, TIMER and GeneMANIA.Results: The S100A2/A3/A4/A6/A8/A9/A10/A11/A13/A14/A16/B/P mRNA expression were significantly upregulated in PAAD patients. The mRNA expression of S100A3/A4/A5/A6/A10/A11/A14/A16/Z were significantly negatively related with the tumor stage in PAAD patients. We found that the S100A2/A3/A5/A10/A11/A14/A16 were significantly correlated with poor OS, whereas the increased levels of S100A1/B/G/Z were strongly associated with good OS. We found significant correlations among S100s and Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells. Cox proportional risk models revealed that B cells, Dendritic cells and S100A1/A5/A6/A8/A9/A13/A14 were significantly related with outcomes in PAAD patients. Conclusions: S100A2/A3/A10/A11/A14/A16 may serve as new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for PAAD patients and provide new clues for immunotherapy in PAAD patients.
A Validated Model for Individualized Prediction of Live Birth in Patients With Adenomyosis Undergoing Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer
Authors: Wu Yaoqiu , Yang Rong , Lan Jie , Lin Haiyan , Cao Chunwei , Jiao Xuedan , Zhang Qingxue 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
There is few predictive tools for live birth in women with adenomyosis, which provide further personalized and clinically specific information related to individualized decisions making during IVF/ICSI treatment.
Methods
A total of 424 patients with adenomyosis underwent frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) from Jan 2013 to Dec 2019 at a public university hospital were included. The patients were randomly divided into training (n = 265) and validation (n = 159) samples for the building and testing of the nomogram, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression (MLR) was developed on the basis of clinical covariates assessed for their association with live birth.
Results
In all, 183 (43.16%) patients became pregnant, and 114 (26.88%) had a live birth. In the multivariable analysis of the training cohort, probability of live birth was significantly correlated with the age < 37 years old (odds ratio [OR], 3.465; 95% CI, 1.215–9.885, P = 0.020), uterine volume prior ET < 102.02 cm3 (OR, 8.141; 95% CI, 2.170–10.542; P = 0.002), blastocyst transfer (OR, 3.231; 95% CI, 1.065–8.819, P = 0.023), twin pregnancy (OR, 0.328; 95% CI, 0.104–0.344, P = 0.005) and protocol in FET (P < 0.001). The statistical nomogram was built based on the five variates, age, uterine volume prior embryo transfer, twin pregnancy, stage of transferred embryo and protocol of FET, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.837 (95% confidence interval: 0.741–0.910) for the training cohort. The AUC for the validation cohort was 0.737 (95% confidence interval: 0.661–0.813), showing a satisfactory goodness-of-fit and discrimination ability in this nomogram.
Conclusions
Single blastocyst transfer, GnRH-a pretreated and smaller uterine size before embryo transfer contributed to increasing live birth rate in patients with adenomyosis. The user-friendly nomogram built on the risk factors of live birth in patients with adenomyosis, provides a useful guide for medical staff on individualized decisions making during the IVF/ICSI procedure.
Phylogenetic Analysis of Black Peper (Piper Spp.) Population Collected in Different Locations of Vietnam Based on the ITSU1-4 Gene Region
Authors: Rasphone Sonexay , Dang Long Thanh , Nguyen Hoan , Nguyen Ngoc Quang , Duong Oanh Thi , Nguyen Hung Van Phi , Nguyen Kim-Cuc Thi , Truong Hai Thi Hong , Ho Nhi Thi Hoang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA is one of the most commonly used DNA markers in plant phylogenetic and DNA barcoding analyses, and it has been recommended as a core plant DNA barcode. To compare and find out the analysis genetic diversity difference some pepper individuals collected in different localities in Vietnam when using the ITS of nuclear ribosomal DNA. The ITS gene region from the nuclear genomes were tested for their suitability as DNA barcoding regions of thirty-nine pepper individuals. Universal primers were used, and sequenced products were analyzed using the Maximum Likelihood method and Tamura-Nei model in the MEGA X program.Results: We did not observe high variability in intraspecific distance within the ITSu1-4 gene region between individuals, ranged from 0.000 to 0.155 (mean = 0.033). The size of the gene region has fluctuated from 667 to 685 bp between different individuals with the percentage (G + C) contained in the ITSu1-4 gene region was ranged from 54.776% to 60.805%, mean = 60.174%. The values of Fu’s Fs, D, Fu and Li’s D* and F* were negative as well (Fs = -0.209, D = -1.824; P < 0.05, D* = -1.205; not significant, P > 0.10 and F* = -1.699; not significant, 0.10 > P > 0.05), indicating an excess of recently derived haplotypes and suggesting that either population expansion or background selection has occurred. The value Strobeck’s S the obtained between individuals in a population is high (S = 0.684). The results of evolutionary relationships of taxa obtained 3 groups with the highest value of Fst is shown in the pairs of groups II and III (Fst = 0.151), and the lowest is in groups II and I (Fst = 0.015). All of the new sequences have been deposited in GeneBank under the following accession numbers MZ636718 to MZ636756.Conclusions: This database is an important resource for researchers working on Species of pepper in Vietnam and also provides a tool to create ITSu1-4 databases for any given taxonomy.
Research On Intervention of New Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Based on Molecular Docking Technology on Mongolian Medicine Active Components
Authors: Yu Xianglin , Gao Jiali , Yu Jiuwang , Dong Zhiheng , Si Lengge , Wu Lan , Bao Lidao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective

This article intends to use molecular docking technology to find potential inhibitors that can cope with new coronaviruses from the active compounds of Mongolian drug Nagebu-9.
Methods

The TAGSP, ETCM database and literature mining methods were used to collect the active compounds of Nagebu-9; the Swiss Target Prediction and SUPERPRED servers were used to find the target of the compound. At the same time, Drugbank and Genecard databases were used to collect antiviral drug targets. The above targets were compared and analyzed, and the antiviral targets of Nagebu-9 were selected. The Metascape database platform was used to perform GO (Gene ontology) annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis on the target. In view of the high homology between the RCD domain of the new coronavirus S-protein and the SARS virus gene sequence, as well as the similarity in the pathogenic mechanism and clinical manifestation of the two diseases. We used the Swiss-Model to establish a new coronavirus S protein model, use the ZDOCK protein docking software to dock the S protein with the human angiotensin ACE2 protein to find the key amino acids at the binding site. Using ACE2 as the receptor, AutoDock molecular docking software was used to conduct molecular docking studies on the active ingredients and the target protein. The interaction between the ligand and the receptor are used to provide options for screening anti-coronavirus drugs.
Results

A total of 262 active ingredients were screened from the nine ingredients of Mongolian medicine Nagebu-9, and through Metascape analysis: key candidate targets were significantly enriched in multiple pathways related to heterotoxins. These key candidate targets were mainly derived two compounds: Hydroxysafflor Yellow A and Ferulic acid. Through the protein docking between S-protein and ACE2, it was found that Glu329 / Gln325 and Gln42 / Asp38 in ACE2 were played an important role in the binding process. The virtual calculation results of molecular docking show that Hydroxysafflor Yellow A and Ferulic acid can stably bind to Gln325 and Gln42 / Asp38 in ACE2, respectively, hindering the affinity of S-protein to ACE2.
Conclusion

Hydroxysafflor Yellow A and Ferulic acid can effectively interfere with the binding of the novel coronavirus S-protein to human ACE2 through a synergistic effect between molecules. Hydroxysafflor Yellow A and Ferulic acid can be used as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 for further research and development.
Prospective Longitudinal Study of Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Women To Determine HIV Incidence in Two Provinces in Thailand
Authors: Namwat Chawestan , Leela-Apiradee Warong , Tiawilai Thawat , Dear Nicole , Wansom Tanyaporn , Kitsiripornchai Suchai , Akapirat Siriwat , Crowell Trevor A. , Francisco Leilani , Li Qun , Robb Merlin L. , Smith Kirsten , Heger Elizabeth A. , Fukuda Mark M. , O’Connell Robert J. , -Ngarm Supachai Rerks , Vasan Sandhya 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
In Thailand, HIV transmission is well characterized in large urban centers such as Bangkok and Chiang Mai but less so outside of these areas. We assessed HIV incidence and associated risk factors in two other locations.
Methods
Participants assigned male sex at birth were enrolled in Nakhon Ratchasima and Ratchaburi. HIV and syphilis testing and sociobehavioral questionnaires occurred over 18 months. HIV incidence rates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a Poisson distribution. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% CIs for associations between potential risk factors and HIV seroconversion.
Results
A total of 1003 participants were enrolled. Overall HIV incidence was 1.56 per 100 person-years (95% CI:1.02–2.44) and similar at both sites. In the fully adjusted model, receptive anal sex in the past 6 months was associated with seroconversion (aHR:3.05, 95% CI:1.00-9.32), while sex with a sex worker in the past six months was associated with reduced risk of seroconversion (aHR:0.11, 95% CI:0.01–0.80). In the parsimoniously adjusted model, receptive anal sex (aHR:3.35, 95% CI:1.30–8.63) and STI diagnosis in the past six months (aHR:3.39, 95% CI:1.11–10.29) were associated with seroconversion, while sex with a sex worker in the past six months was associated with reduced risk of seroconversion (aHR:0.12, 95% CI:0.02–0.70).
Conclusions
Recent receptive anal sex practices were associated with HIV acquisition in these populations, highlighting the continued need for interventions encouraging safer anal sex practices to reduce HIV incidence.
Changes in Oxidative Stress Parameters as Response to Supplementation With Vitamin E and Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Male Workers Exposed to High Level Noise
Authors: Mohammadi Hamzeh , Golbabaei Farideh , Dehghan Somayeh Farhang , Moradi Nariman , Chamari Maryam , Rad Maryam Afzali 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The present study aimed to assess the effects of the supplementation consumption of vitamin E and Omega 3 fatty acid on the oxidative stress parameters among workers exposed to high levels of noise in an automobile parts manufacturing plant. Moreover, the effects of the exposure to noise on SOD, total oxidative stress (TAC) and MDA will be investigated. Methods: The participants were deployed into 4 groups (vitamin E (100 mg), Omega 3 fatty acids (180 mg EPA and 120 mg DHA), vitamin E+ Omega 3 and Placebo), as per the double-blind block randomization method. The oxidative stress parameters of the participants were analyzed before and after three month consumption of supplements via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The level of workers' exposure to noise, was measured according to ISO 9612. Results: Before intervention, mean MDA, SOD and TAC were 27.52 (7.46) nmol/ml, 58.84 (10.44) U/ml and 2.57 (0.67) mM respectively. After intervention, mean MDA, SOD and TAC were 24.57 (7.58) nmol/ml, 63.46 (11.02) U/ml and 2.70 (0.84) mM respectively. The use of supplement Omega 3 fatty acids had a significant decremental effect on MDA levels. The use of vitamin E alongside Omega 3 fatty acids had a significant incremental effect on SOD activity.Conclusion: Noise exposure had a decremental effect on TAC and SOD as well as an incremental effect on MDA, but this was only statistically significant for TAC. It appears that the simultaneous use of vitamin E and Omega 3 fatty acids for three months had a positive effect on the anti-oxidant performance of workers exposed to noise.