bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk prediction models for colorectal cancer: Evaluating the discrimination due to added biomarkers
Authors: Fang Zhe , Hang Dong , Wang Kai , Joshi Amit , Wu Kana , Chan Andrew T. , Ogino Shuji , Giovannucci Edward L. , Song Mingyang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMost risk prediction models for colorectal cancer (CRC) are based on questionnaires and show a modest discriminatory ability. Therefore, we aim to develop risk prediction models incorporating plasma biomarkers for CRC to improve discrimination. We assessed the predictivity of 11 biomarkers in 736 men in the Health Professionals Follow‐up Study and 639 women in the Nurses' Health Study. We used stepwise logistic regression to examine whether a set of biomarkers improved the predictivity on the basis of predictors in the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Colorectal Cancer Risk Assessment Tool. Model discrimination was assessed using C‐statistics. Bootstrap with 500 randomly sampled replicates was used for internal validation. The models containing each biomarker generated a C‐statistic ranging from 0.50 to 0.59 in men and 0.50 to 0.54 in women. The NCI model demonstrated a C‐statistic (95% CI) of 0.67 (0.62‐0.71) in men and 0.58 (0.54‐0.63) in women. Through stepwise selection of biomarkers, the C‐statistic increased to 0.70 (0.66‐0.74) in men after adding growth/differentiation factor 15, total adiponectin, sex hormone binding globulin and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1B (P for difference = 0.008); and increased to 0.62 (0.57‐0.66) in women after further including insulin‐like growth factor 1 and insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein 3 (P for difference = .06). The NCI + selected biomarkers model was internally validated with a C‐statistic (95% CI) of 0.73 (0.70‐0.77) in men and 0.66 (0.61‐0.70) in women. Circulating plasma biomarkers may improve the performance of risk factor‐based prediction model for CRC.
Geometric and physical configurations of meta‐atoms for advanced metasurface holography
Authors: Kim Joohoon , Yang Younghwan , Badloe Trevon , Kim Inki , Yoon Gwanho , Rho Junsuk 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMetasurfaces consisting of subwavelength structures, so‐called meta‐atoms, have steadily attracted considerable attention for advanced holography due to their advantages in terms of high‐resolution holographic images, large field of view, and compact device volume. In contrast to conventional holographic displays using bulky conventional diffractive optical elements, metasurface holography enables arbitrary complex wavefront shaping with a much smaller footprint. In this review, we classify metasurface holography according to the meta‐atom design methodologies, which can further expand hologram functionalities. We describe light‐matter interactions, particularly in metasurface systems, using the relevant the Jones matrix to rigorously explain modulations of the amplitude, phase, and polarization of light. Six different types of meta‐atoms are presented, and the corresponding achievable wavefronts that form the holographic images in the far‐field are also provided. Such a simple classification will give a straightforward approach to design and further realize advanced metasurface holographic devices.image
Comparative efficacy of resorbable fiber wraps loaded with gentamicin sulfate or gallium maltolate in the treatment of osteomyelitis
Authors: Buie Taneidra W. , Whitely Michael , McCune Joshua , Lan Ziyang , Jose Anupriya , Balakrishnan Annika , Wenke Joseph , Cosgriff‐Hernandez Elizabeth 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe high incidence of osteomyelitis associated with critical‐sized bone defects raises clinical challenges in fracture healing. Clinical use of antibiotic‐loaded bone cement as an adjunct therapy is limited by incompatibility with many antimicrobials, sub‐optimal release kinetics, and requirement of surgical removal. Furthermore, overuse of antibiotics can lead to bacterial modifications that increase efflux, decrease binding, or cause inactivation of the antibiotics. Herein, we compared the efficacy of gallium maltolate, a new metal‐based antimicrobial, to gentamicin sulfate released from electrospun poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid (PLGA) wraps in the treatment of osteomyelitis. In vitro evaluation demonstrated sustained release of each antimicrobial up to 14 days. A Kirby Bauer assay indicated that the gentamicin sulfate‐loaded wrap inhibited the growth of osteomyelitis‐derived isolates, comparable to the gentamicin sulfate powder control. In contrast, the gallium maltolate‐loaded wrap did not inhibit bacteria growth. Subsequent microdilution assays indicated a lower than expected sensitivity of the osteomyelitis strain to the gallium maltolate with release concentrations below the threshold for bactericidal activity. A comparison of the selectivity indices indicated that gentamicin sulfate was less toxic and more efficacious than gallium maltolate. A pilot study in a contaminated femoral defect model confirmed that the sustained release of gentamicin sulfate from the electrospun wrap resulted in bacteria density reduction on the surrounding bone, muscle, and hardware below the threshold that impedes healing. Overall, these findings demonstrate the efficacy of a resorbable, antimicrobial wrap that can be used as an adjunct or stand‐alone therapy for controlled release of antimicrobials in the treatment of osteomyelitis.
Tailoring circulation type classification outcomes
Authors: Hansen Felicitas , Belušić Danijel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEfforts to intercompare many existing circulation type classification (CTC) methods have found no consistency in their outcomes. Therefore, when confronted with a task to classify atmospheric circulation types, it is difficult to find clear guidelines. This study explores the ways of increasing consistency between existing methods and obtaining physically meaningful and practically useful results. By applying a range of CTC methods to sea‐level pressure fields over a Scandinavian domain, it is shown that CTC methods using the same similarity measure (pattern correlation (CORR) or Euclidean distance (DIST)) have higher consistency. It is further shown that CTC outcomes can be tailored towards specific user requirements by properly manipulating the input data. Using unprocessed input data in DIST‐based CTC methods frequently results in classes containing physically inconsistent members because the classification procedure is obfuscated by circulation‐irrelevant information in the data. Using spatially standardized data in DIST‐based methods leads to considerably improved agreement with CORR‐based methods and brings high physical consistency within the individual classes. However, standardizing the input data removes too much of the circulation‐relevant information and results in no clear improvement in partitioning dependent variables such as precipitation. Best performance is achieved with DIST‐based methods using the input data with the spatial mean removed. This simple procedure focuses the CTC methods to use only the circulation‐relevant information and hence results both in physically consistent classes and in optimally performing partitioning of dependent variables. Consequently, the recommended guideline would be to use DIST‐based methods with spatial‐mean‐removed input data as the generally most effective classification approach.
S100P acts as a target of miR‐495 in pancreatic cancer through bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification
Authors: Jiang Peng‐Fei , Zhang Xiu‐Ju , Song Cai‐Yun , Zhang Yan‐Xi , Wu Yan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractS100 calcium binding protein P (S100P) and miR‐495 are aberrantly expressed and exert essential roles in cancers. However, the mechanisms of miR‐495‐S100P in pancreatic cancer are yet to be illustrated. Thus, we explored the regulatory functions of miR‐495‐S100P axis in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells growth and invasion. In this study, we identified that S100P was upregulated in pancreatic adenocarcinoma by bioinformatics analysis of the GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus database) microarray dataset (GSE16515). Western blotting and luciferase reporter gene analysis exhibited that miR‐495 negatively determined the level of S100P via binging to its 3′‐untranslated regions (3′‐UTRs). A series of functional experiments indicated that upregulation of miR‐495 or S100P knockdown suppressed pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells proliferation, invasion, and promoted apoptosis. Furthermore, the expression of S100P was negatively associated with the level of miR‐495 in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) pancreatic adenocarcinoma case‐cohort. Besides, reintroduction of S100P debilitated the anti‐cancer action of miR‐495 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. Our data indicated that miR‐495 performed suppressive roles in pancreatic adenocarcinoma through targeting S100P.
Does FLASH deplete oxygen? Experimental evaluation for photons, protons, and carbon ions
Authors: Jansen Jeannette , Knoll Jan , Beyreuther Elke , Pawelke Jörg , Skuza Raphael , Hanley Rachel , Brons Stephan , Pagliari Francesca , Seco Joao 
Published: May 2021

PurposeTo investigate experimentally, if FLASH irradiation depletes oxygen within water for different radiation types such as photons, protons, and carbon ions.MethodsThis study presents measurements of the oxygen consumption in sealed, 3D‐printed water phantoms during irradiation with x‐rays, protons, and carbon ions at varying dose rates up to 340 Gy/s. The oxygen measurement was performed using an optical sensor allowing for noninvasive measurements.ResultsOxygen consumption in water only depends on dose, dose rate, and linear energy transfer (LET) of the irradiation. The total amount of oxygen depleted per 10 Gy was found to be 0.04% atm ‐ 0.18% atm for 225 kV photons, 0.04% atm ‐ 0.25% atm for 224 MeV protons, and 0.09% atm ‐ 0.17% atm for carbon ions. Consumption depends on dose rate by an inverse power law and saturates for higher dose rates because of self‐interactions of radicals. Higher dose rates yield lower oxygen consumption. No total depletion of oxygen was found for clinical doses.ConclusionsFLASH irradiation does consume oxygen, but not enough to deplete all the oxygen present. For higher dose rates, less oxygen was consumed than at standard radiotherapy dose rates. No total depletion was found for any of the analyzed radiation types for 10 Gy dose delivery using FLASH.
Improving phase‐based conductivity reconstruction by means of deep learning–based denoising of phase data for 3T MRI
Authors: Jung Kyu‐Jin , Mandija Stefano , Kim Jun‐Hyeong , Ryu Kanghyun , Jung Soozy , Cui Chuanjiang , Kim Soo‐Yeon , Park Mina , van den Berg Cornelis A. T. , Kim Dong‐Hyun 
Published: May 2021

PurposeTo denoise phase using a deep learning method for phase‐based in vivo electrical conductivity reconstruction in a 3T MR system.MethodsFor phase deep‐learning denoising, a convolutional neural network (U‐net) was chosen. Training was performed on data sets from 10 healthy volunteers. Input data were the real and imaginary components of single averaged spin‐echo data (SNR = 45), which was used to approximate the phase. For label data, multiple signal‐averaged spin‐echo data (SNR = 128) were used. Testing was performed on in silico and in vivo data. Reconstructed conductivity maps were derived using phase‐based conductivity reconstructions. Additionally, we investigated the usability of the network to various SNR levels, imaging contrasts, and anatomical sites (ie, T1, T2, and proton density–weighted brain images and proton density–weighted breast images. In addition, conductivity reconstructions from deep learning–based denoised data were compared with conventional image filters, which were used for data denoising in electrical properties tomography (ie, the Gaussian filtering and the Savitzky‐Golay filtering).ResultsThe proposed deep learning–based denoising approach showed improvement for phase for both in silico and in vivo experiments with reduced quantitative error measures compared with other methods. Subsequently, this resulted in an improvement of reconstructed conductivity maps from the denoised phase with deep learning.ConclusionThe results suggest that the proposed approach can be used as an alternative preprocessing method to denoise maps for phase‐based conductivity reconstruction without relying on image filters or signal averaging.
Environmental Variation and Habitat Use Affect Blue Catfish Low-Frequency Electrofishing Catch Rates
Authors: Moran Zachary S. , Stoeckel Joseph N. , Peoples Brandon K. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Blue Catfish Ictalurus furcatus is a popular sport fish in its native range and a prolific invasive species in its nonnative range. Low-frequency electrofishing (LFE) is effective for sampling Blue Catfish, and development of standardized LFE protocols for sampling Blue Catfish is critical for monitoring and management of their populations. However, standardized sampling for Blue Catfish can be difficult because their habitat use is variable among seasons and habitats, and LFE is affected by a suite of abiotic factors. To quantify this variation, our objectives were to determine how Blue Catfish LFE catch (1) differs during spring and summer sampling seasons, (2) is affected by environmental variables, and (3) relates to their habitat use. To do so, we conducted a telemetry study and systematic random LFE sampling in Lake Dardanelle, Arkansas, in the spring and summer of 2016. We compared the numbers, capture rates, and size structure (proportional size distribution index of quality-size fish) of telemetry-located and LFE-captured Blue Catfish in distinct habitats and found that habitat use was heterogeneous but capture rates were proportional to habitat use. Blue Catfish catch increased with conductivity and decreased with flow velocity; catch also differed among habitat types, among reservoir zones, and between seasons (spring/summer). Understanding how spatiotemporal differences in habitat use contextualize the effects of LFE catch will improve sampling protocols for Blue Catfish.
Effect of surface modification of nickel oxide hole‐transport layer via self‐assembled monolayers in perovskite solar cells
Authors: Singh Neha , Tao Yu‐Tai 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSelf‐assembled monolayers of para‐substituted phenylphosphonic acids were used to modify the surface of nickel oxide layer, which served as the hole‐transport layer in the fabrication of inverted perovskite solar cells. The monolayer was installed to modulate the work function of NiOx based on their electron‐withdrawing or electron‐donating substituent, while the perovskite film morphology and quality were not significantly altered due to analogous hydrophilic nature of the modified surfaces. The modification impacted the device performance such that the best‐performing device was observed with electron‐withdrawing cyano‐substituted phosphonic acid modification, with a maximum power conversion efficiency of 18.45% obtained. The effect of modification on parameters such as open‐circuit voltage, short‐circuit current, and field factor are discussed.
Biopolymer based three‐dimensional biomimetic micro/nanofibers scaffolds with porous structures via tailored charge repulsions for skin tissue regeneration
Authors: Pedram Rad Zahra , Mokhtari Javad , Abbasi Marjan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNowadays, the fabrication of three‐dimensional (3D) fibrous scaffolds that mimic the natural skin tissue in microstructure and composition is still a challenge. 3D nanocomposite scaffolds combining biopolymers (e.g., proteins and polysaccharides) are promising candidates for skin tissue engineering. For this purpose, nano‐microfibers and nanofibers/net 3D scaffolds based on zein, gum arabic (GA), Calendula officinalis (C. officinalis) extract, and poly (ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) were successfully fabricated via electrospinning technique. The morphological observation of scaffolds indicated cone‐like construction. 3D structures were formed based on repulsions between adjacent fibers and high relative humidity. The results confirmed interconnected porous structure for the sintered 3D scaffolds. Physicochemical and biological properties of the fibrous scaffolds such as mechanical behavior, water sorption capacity, weight loss, porosity, and biocompatibility were studied. The 3D scaffolds revealed significant hydrophilicity and high porosity (ca. 94% porosity) with an average pore size >9 μm. In vitro biological evaluation indicated that PCL/Zein/GA/C. officinalis 3D scaffold with nanofibers/net morphology provided outstanding cell proliferation and attachment. The results confirmed that these nanofibers/net scaffolds with 3D structures could be potentially used in repairing skin defects.
Study of mechanical, flame, and water stability of phenolic resin / carbon fiber / nanosilica composites
Authors: Bakhshi Behzad , Heydarian Meysam 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPhenolic resin‐carbon fiber composites are used in various industries due to their high flame resistance, high strength to weight ratio, and high thermal stability as an insulator. In this study, to expand the applications of this composite in marine structures, phenolic resin‐carbon fiber‐nanosilica composites were fabricated with eight layers of twill carbon fibers and 0, 1, 2, and 3 wt% of nanosilica then flexural and flame resistance was investigated. To evaluate the stability of the composites in seawater, the samples were placed in seawater for 30, 60, and 90 days then the flexural test was performed and the percentage of strength reduction was calculated. Thermogravimetric analyzer test was performed on a sample that had the highest strength after 90‐day immersion. Finally, it was found that nanosilica particles had a significant effect on increasing the flexural strength and flame resistance of samples so that the sample with 3 wt% silica had flexural strength and burning rate of 690 MPa, 0.098 g/s, respectively.
Integrating chemical profiling and network pharmacology analysis based on anti‐inflammatory effects for quality control of Scutellaria barbata
Authors: Li Tong , Yang Wen‐Zhi , Song Tong‐Xin , Liu Cheng‐Juan , Jiang Miao‐Miao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionWith the wide application of Scutellaria barbata D. Don for hepatitis and mastitis, its quality control issues have also received increasing attention. Based on the multi‐component and multi‐target characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine, there is an urgent need to establish a quality evaluation system.ObjectivesThis study intends to integrate the “quality–activity–quantification” strategy and establish an activity‐related quality control method to ensure the safety and effectiveness of S. barbata.Material and methodsUltra‐high performance liquid chromatography/ion mobility–quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/IM‐QTOF‐MS) was used to characterize the chemical components of S. barbata, and network pharmacological analysis was carried out on the identified components. The index components were determined on the basis of comprehensive activity prediction results and content information. At the same time, the contents of 16 batches of S. barbata from different origins were determined.ResultsA total of 94 compounds were identified according to mass spectrometric data, 12 of which were isolated and structure‐confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance technology. Network pharmacological analysis was applied to predict their key targets and the major pathways mediating their anti‐inflammatory effects. On the basis of comprehensive activity prediction and content information, five components were chosen as crucial quality indicators of S. barbata, including scutellarin, scutellarein, luteolin, apigenin, and hispidulin.ConclusionIn this study, 16 different S. barbata batches were compared, and five quality indicators were determined on the basis of qualitative and activity results. The present study provides useful information for evaluating the quality of S. barbata in different areas, and also provides a new basis for the development of quality evaluation methods.
Hollow CoS2 Nanobubble Prisms Derived from ZIF‐67 through Facile Two‐Step Self‐Engaged Method for Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Zeng Fanzhen , Li Lei , Liu Chenyu , Lin Zhan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMorphological structure, other than chemical composition is of great significance to design and fabricate superior electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption materials. Hollow CoS2 nanobubble prisms with hierarchical porous structure are well preserved via a subsequent sulfuration process from hollow nanorods‐like ZIF‐67 as a precursor. The hollow CoS2 nanobubble prisms provide advanced microwave absorbing property. With a low filler loading of 25 wt%, the minimum reflection loss of hollow CoS2 nanobubble prisms reaches −54.9 dB at 5 GHz, while the effective absorption frequency band is 14.2 (3.8–18) GHz. Moreover, the microwave absorbing mechanism of porous architecture and chemical component is discussed systematacially. This work elaborates the importance in investigating porous architectures for microwave absorption in the possible field of future, providing an excellent example to study and develop advanced microwave absorbers.
Three‐dimensional echocardiography and cardiac strain imaging in women with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Company Calabuig A. M. , Nunez E. , Sánchez A. , Nicolaides K. H. , Charakida M. , De Paco Matallana C. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTObjectivesGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with premature cardiovascular disease and adverse cardiovascular outcome in the mother. Subclinical cardiac functional changes in the left ventricle have been reported during pregnancy in women with GDM using conventional echocardiography, but results are inconsistent. The aims of the current study were to assess whether GDM is associated with biventricular systolic dysfunction in the mother and whether these cardiac changes can be detected using the novel echocardiographic modalities of strain imaging and three‐dimensional (3D) echocardiography.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study in women with GDM and controls examined at 26–40 weeks of gestation. All women underwent echocardiography, and 3D volumes of the left and right ventricles and left atrium were collected. Ejection fraction and left ventricular mass were measured using 3D echocardiography. Left ventricular mass was indexed to body surface area. Speckle‐tracking echocardiography was used to assess global longitudinal strain of the left and right ventricles and strain of the left atrium.ResultsThe study population included 123 women with GDM and 246 controls. Women with GDM, compared to controls, were older (35.1 ± 5.2 vs 32.4 ± 5.5 years; P < 0.001), had higher body mass index (30.6 (interquartile range (IQR), 26.2–35.2) vs 27.5 (IQR, 24.7–30.7) kg/m2; P < 0.001) and had higher systolic blood pressure (119.9 ± 11.2 vs 116.4 ± 12.0 mmHg; P = 0.007). In all women with GDM, there was good glycemic control. In women with GDM, compared to controls, there was lower global longitudinal strain of the left ventricle (−19.3% (IQR, −21.4 to −17.6%) vs −20.1% (IQR, −22.1 to −18.7%); P = 0.002) and right ventricle (−22.2% (IQR, −26.1 to −19.8%) vs −24.1% (IQR, −27.0 to −21.9%); P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the groups in ejection fraction, left ventricular mass, diastolic function assessed by left atrial strain, or 3D functional indices.ConclusionsWomen with GDM, compared to women with uncomplicated pregnancy, have lower left and right ventricular myocardial deformation. Volumetric assessment using 3D echocardiography does not provide additional information about maternal cardiac function. Strain imaging is a sensitive echocardiographic modality to detect early cardiac functional changes in women with GDM. Further studies are needed to assess the pattern of deterioration of cardiac function with advancing age in women with a history of GDM. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.