bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Submarine Terraces reveal Late Quaternary Tectonic deformation in the Intermediate Zone between the Island Shelf and Rift Zone of the Middle Part of the Nanseishoto Islands, Southwest Japan
Authors: Goto Hideaki 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Late Quaternary tectonic deformation of coastal areas is usually examined based on the height distribution of paleo-shorelines observed on marine terraces. However, it is difficult to examine deformation along the subduction zone, in which small, isolated islands are distributed. In this paper, the author focuses on the widespread shallow submarine terraces surrounding the Iheya-Izena islands in the middle part of the Nanseishoto islands, Southwest Japan, where crustal deformation is not known. The islands are located in the intermediate zone between island shelf uplifted during the Late Quaternary and the rift zone occurred to the northwest, along the Okinawa trough.
Detailed topographic anaglyph images and maps of the islands were produced using a digital elevation model (DEM) of the seafloor, which is stored by the Japan Coast Guard (JCG) and the Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (AIST). Topographic anaglyph images enabled us to identify the widespread distribution and deformation of the shallow seafloor above −200 m using red-cyan glasses.
Four terrace-like features divided by small steps were found on the shallow seafloor, which are named T1, T2, T3, and T4, in descending order. Topographic expressions of paleo-shoreline depths are preserved on submarine terraces formed during the last glacial period. The paleo-shoreline depths of terraces T2 and T3 are −60 m and −70 m on the west side and −70 m and −80 m, respectively, on the east side of Iheyajima island; this indicates southeastward tilting. The tilting ratio of T2 and T3 was calculated to approximately 1‰. The tilting rate is approximately 1×10^4/kyr, assuming that the T2 was formed in 10–11 kyr. This is much more rapid than that of the last inter-glacial marine terraces in the Muroto peninsula of Shikoku, Japan, with a tilting rate of 4×10^5/kyr, which formed by steep northward tilting against the Nankai subduction zone. The author suggests that this phenomenon is not related to mega-thrusting along the subduction zone, but rather to local deformation, probably caused by the reverse faulting of nearby active submarine faults along the west side of the islands.
Very broadband strain-rate measurements along a submarine fiber-optic cable off Cape Muroto, Nankai subduction zone, Japan
Authors: Ide Satoshi , Araki Eiichiro , Matsumoto Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) is a new method that measures the strain change along a fiber-optic cable and has emerged as a promising geophysical application across a wide range of research and monitoring. Here we present the results of DAS observations from a submarine cable offshore Cape Muroto, Nankai subduction zone, western Japan. The observed signal amplitude varies widely among the DAS channels, even over short distances of only ~100 m, which is likely attributed to the differences in cable-seafloor coupling due to complex bathymetry along the cable route. Nevertheless, the noise levels at the well-coupled channels of DAS are almost comparable to those observed at nearby permanent ocean-bottom seismometers, suggesting that the cable has the ability to detect nearby micro earthquakes and even tectonic tremors. Many earthquakes were observed during the five-day observation period, with the minimum and maximum detectable events being a local M1.1 event 30–50 km from the cable and a teleseismic Mw7.7 event that occurred in Cuba, respectively. Temperature appears to exert a greater control on the DAS signal than real strain in the quasi-static, sub-seismic range, where we can regard our DAS record as distributed temperature sensing (DTS) record, and detected many rapid temperature change events migrating along the cable: a small number of large migration events (up to 10 km in 6 hours) associated with rapid temperature decreases, and many small-scale events (both rising and falling temperatures). These events may reflect oceanic internal surface waves and deep-ocean water mixing processes that are the result of ocean current–tidal interactions along an irregular seafloor boundary.
Coherently amplifying photon production from vacuum with a dense cloud of accelerating photodetectors
Authors: Wang Hui , Blencowe Miles 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We consider N>>1 accelerating (i.e., oscillating) photodetectors modeled as two level systems (TLSs) that are contained within a microwave cavity and show that the resulting photon production from vacuum can be collectively enhanced such as to be measurable. The cavity-accelerating TLSs system maps onto a parametrically driven Dicke-type model and when the detector number N exceeds a certain critical value, the vacuum photon production undergoes a phase transition from a normal phase to an enhanced superradiant-like, inverted lasing phase. Such a model may be realized as a mechanical membrane with a dense concentration of optically active defects undergoing GHz flexural motion and contained within a 3D, superconducting microwave cavity. We show that recent related experimental devices are close to demonstrating this inverted, vacuum photon lasing phase.
Conditional Survival Probability of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers, Based on The SEER Database
Authors: Fang Shixu , Zhai Kui , Ke Xixian , Han Hao , Lu Hongling , Xu Gang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: This study aims to explore the dynamic survival probability of lung cancers after resection based on those had survived several years, provide more precise monitoring and treatment information for non-metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.Materials and Methods: In the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2000–2016), 95531 eligible non-metastatic NSCLC patients after surgery were enrolled, TNM stage were reclassified, the methods of condition survival probability (CS) and actuarial overall survival (OS) were used to explore the relationship between clinicopathological characteristics and cancer prognosis.Results: The 1-, 3-, 5- and 10-year OS of included patients were 83.6% (95%CI: 83%-84%), 62.9% (95%CI: 62.6%-63.1%), 50.8% (95%CI: 50.6%-51.0%) and 33.1% (95%CI: 32.7%-33.6%) respectively. For those already survived 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years after diagnosis, the probability for surviving an additional 3 years were 67%, 71%, 73%, 75% and 77% respectively. Enrolled population were reclassified into 9 cohorts including T1aN0, T1bN0, T1cN0, T2aN0, T2bN0, T3N0, T4N0, T1-4N1, T1-4N2 according to 8th TNM staging. According to the conditional survival probability, patients with unfavorable tumor stage diagnosed initially at surgery had the significant improvement in CS over time. Analysis based on other clinical features demonstrated similar conclusion that the poorer the initial diagnosis, the more significant the benefit of conditional survival over time.Conclusion: The worse the patient's prognosis, the more significant the benefit of time-dependent conditional survival probability, long-lived cancer patients may have a better cancer prognosis.
Users’ Experiences With an Interactive Evidence to Decision (iEtD) Framework: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Meneses-Echavez Jose , Rosenbaum Sarah , Rada Gabriel , Flottorp Signe , Moberg Jenny , Alonso-Coello Pablo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Evidence to Decision (EtD) frameworks bring clarity, structure and transparency to health care decision making. The interactive Evidence to Decision (iEtD) tool, developed in the context of the DECIDE project and published by Epistemonikos, is a stand-alone online solution for producing and using EtD frameworks. Since its development, little is known about how organizations have been using the iEtD tool and what characterizes users’ experiences with it.
Methods

This study aimed to describe users’ experiences with the iEtD and identify main barriers and facilitators related to use. We contacted all users registered in the iEtD via email and invited people who identified themselves as having used the solution to a semi-structured interview. Audio recordings were transcribed, and one researcher conducted a content analysis of the interviews guided by a user experience framework. Two researchers checked the content independently for accuracy.
Results

Out of 860 people contacted, 81 people replied to our introductory email (response rate 9.4%). Twenty of these had used the tool in a real scenario and were invited to an interview. We interviewed all eight users that accepted this invitation (from six countries, four continents). ‘Guideline development’ was the iEtD use scenario they most commonly identified. Most participants reported an overall positive experience, without major difficulties navigating or using the different sections. They reported having used most of the EtD framework criteria. Participants reported tailoring their frameworks, for instance by adding or deleting criteria, translating to another language, or rewording headings. Several people preferred to produce a Word version rather than working online, due to the burden of completing the framework, or lack of experience with the tool. Some reported difficulties working with the exportable formats, as they needed considerable editing.
Conclusion

A very limited number of guideline developers have used the iEtD tool published by Epistemonikos since its development. Although users’ general experiences are positive, our work has identified some aspects of the tool that need improvement. Our findings could be also applied to development or improvement of other solutions for producing or using EtD frameworks.
Medical imaging algorithms exacerbate biases in underdiagnosis
Authors: Seyyed-Kalantari Laleh , Liu Guanxiong , McDermott Matthew , Chen Irene , Ghassemi Marzyeh 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) systems have increasingly achieved expert-level performance, particularly in medical imaging (‎1). However, there is growing concern that AI systems will reflect and amplify human bias against under-served subpopulations (‎2-‎7). Such biases are especially troubling in the context of underdiagnosis: if AI systems falsely predict that patients are healthy, patients would be denied care when they need it most. This use case is particularly relevant in the context of existing health disparities where high underdiagnosis rates for under-served subgroups are well documented (‎8-‎11). Although bias in underdiagnosis can potentially delay access to medical treatment unequally, underdiagnosis due of AI has been relatively unexplored. In this work we examine algorithmic underdiagnosis in chest X-ray pathology classifiers and find that classifiers consistently and selectively underdiagnose under-served patients, actively amplifying the existing biases in clinical care. These effects are worse on intersectional subpopulations, e.g., Black females, and persist across three large and a multi-source chest X-ray dataset. Our work demonstrates that deploying AI systems risks exacerbating biases present in current care practices. Developers, clinical staff, and regulators must address the serious ethical concerns of -- and barriers to -- effective deployment of these models in the clinic.
Downregulation of CCL22 and Mutation of NOTCH1 in Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Decreases Th2 Cell Recruitment and Expression to Predict Poor Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Li Xuejie , Liu Zheqi , Zhou Wenkai , Cao Wei , Liu Xiaofang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) exhibits a high rate of local recurrence and cervical lymph node metastasis. The effect of the tumor microenvironment on TSCC remains unclear.Methods: Transcriptome data and somatic mutation data of TSCC were obtained from the HNSC project of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Immune filtration analysis between early stage (clinical stage I–II) and advanced stage (III–IV) was performed using single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and MCPcounter. Differentially expressed genes were filtered and their related functions were analyzed by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and a Cox-regression model were used to evaluate the survival of patients with the CCL22 signature. Maftools was used to show an overview of somatic mutations in TSCC. Results: In patients with TSCC, Th2 cells were significantly increased in patients in the early stage of the disease. The Th2 cell-related chemokine CCL22 was downregulated in patients in the advanced stage. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses revealed CCL22 as a good prognostic factor for TSCC. A nomogram based on the expression of CCL22 was constructed as a prognostic indicator for TSCC. NOTCH1 mutation was increased in patients in the advanced stage, which inhibited activation of the NOTCH1-Th2 differentiation pathway.Conclusions: In TSCC, high expression of CCL22 can promote the recruitment of Th2 cells and predict better survival. Mutation of NOTCH1 inhibits the differentiation of Th2 cells. Combined with decreased Th2 cell recruitment and differentiation, tumor progression may occur.
Sorafenib and 5-Fluorouracil Loaded Dual Drug Nanodelivery Systems for Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Colorectal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ruman Umme , Buskaran Kalaivani , Bullo Saifullah , Pastorin Georgia , Masarudin Mas Jaffri , Fakurazi Sharida , HUSSEIN MOHD ZOBIR 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Here, we reported the sysnthesis of two clinically used drugs, 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and Sorafenib (SF)-loaded in chitosan nanoparticles and their priliminary study of therapeutics effect on hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines. We have formulated chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) loaded dual (SF and 5-FU) drugs nanodelivery system for SF/5FU-CS NPs and their coating version with folic acid (FA) for SF/5FU-CS-FA NPS. Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT29) cell lines were selected for in vitro cytotoxicity studies to evaluate the preliminary anticancer efficacy of both nanoparticles.Characterization: The physiochemical characterization of SF/5FU-CS NPs and SF/5FU-CS-FA NPs were investigated by DLS, FESEM, HRTEM, EDX, XRD, TGA, FTIR, and HPLC methods.Results: DLS study has shown the size of SF/5FU-CS and SF/5FU-CS-FA nanoparticles were about 78±14 nm and 142±25 nm, respectively. HRTEM and FESEM studies confirmed the spherical shape with size of 60-70nm for SF/5FU-CS and 90-150 nm for SF/5FU-CS-FA NPs. The XRD results indicated the drug loading and folate-coating comfirmation. FTIR peaks confirmed the presence of drugs in the nanoparticles, as well as folate-coating on the surface of the nanoparticles. TGA results demonstrated the thermostability of both nanoparticles. The release profiles of SF and 5FU from the two designed NPs were found to be in a sustained manner according to the pseudo-second-order kinetics model indicating a good delivery system for tumor cells. The cytotoxicity studies confirmed the better anti-cancer activity of the nanoparticles compared to the free 5-fluorouracil and sorafenib against liver cancer cells, HepG2 and colon cancer cells, HT29. Conversely, both NPs were found not toxic towards normal human dermal fibroblast cells (HDF) cells.
Predictive Value of Mid-Trimester Cervical Measurement Data Combined With Maternal Characteristics for Twin Preterm Birth at &lt; 32 Weeks: A Retrospective Analysis and External Validation Study
Authors: Zhang Jun , Zhan Wenqiang , Lin Yanling , Yang Danlin , Xue Xiaoying , Li Li , Pan Mian , Lin Zhi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective

The purpose of this study was to develop a dynamic model to predict the risk of spontaneous preterm birth at < 32 weeks in twin pregnancy.
Methods

Women with twin pregnancies were followed up from January 2017 to December 2019 in two tertiary medical centres—data from one were used to construct the model, and data from the other were used to evaluate the model. Data on maternal demographic characteristics, transvaginal cervical length and funnelling during 20–24 weeks were extracted. The prediction model was constructed with independent variables determined by logistic regression analyses.
Results

After applying specified exclusion criteria, an algorithm with maternal and biophysical factors was developed based on 92 twin pregnancies with a preterm birth < 32 weeks and 672 twin pregnancies with a delivery ≥ 32 weeks. It was then evaluated among 36 pregnancies with a preterm birth < 32 weeks and 261 pregnancies with a delivery ≥ 32 weeks in a second tertiary centre without specific training. The model reached a sensitivity of 78.26%, specificity of 88.84%, false positive rate of 11.16% and negative predictive value of 96.76%; ROC characteristics proved that the model was superior to any single parameter with an AUC of 0.856.
Conclusions

We developed and validated a dynamic nomogram model to predict the individual probability of early preterm birth in order to better represent the complex aetiology of twin pregnancies and hopefully improve the prediction and indication of interventions.
Genetic Diversity Analysis of Korean Peanut Germplasm Using 48 K SNPs ‘Axiom_Arachis’ Array and Its Application for Cultivar Differentiation
Authors: Nabi Rizwana Begum Syed , Cho Kwang-Soo , Tayade Rupesh , Oh Ki Won , Lee Myoung Hee , Kim Jung In , Kim Sungup , Pae Suk-Bok , Oh Eunyoung 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is one of the important legume oilseed crops. Cultivated peanut has a narrow genetic base. Therefore, it is necessary to widen its genetic base and diversity for additional use. The objective of the present study was to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of 96 peanut genotypes with 9478 high-resolution SNPs identified from a 48K ‘Axiom_Arachis’ SNP array. Korean set genotypes were also compared with a mini-core of US genotypes. These sets of genotypes were used for genetic diversity analysis. Model-based structure analysis at K = 2 indicated the presence of two subpopulations in both sets of genotypes. Phylogenetic and PCA analysis clustered these genotypes into two major groups. However, clear genotype distribution was not observed for categories of subspecies, botanical variety, or origin. The analysis also revealed that current Korean genetic resources lacked variability. These results suggest that Korean genetic resources need to be expanded by creating new allele combinations and widening the genetic pool to offer new genetic variations for Korean peanut improvement programs. High-quality SNP data generated in this study could be used for identifying varietal contaminant, QTL, and genes associated with desirable traits by performing mapping, genome-wide association studies.
Defect Identification Method of CMC Bonding Structure based on Dynamic Time Warping and Simulation Analysis
Authors: zhang jiyang , ren jiaojiao , zhang dandan , gu jian , li lijuan , Zhou Tongyu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this work, a new defect identification method has been proposed in an attempt to detect the bonding quality of ceramic matrix composites. The method is based entirely on dynamic time warping (DTW) and simulation analysis. Aiming at two different characteristic defects of the glue layer (I) and glue layer (II) of CMC, the transfer matrix method is employed to model and simulate the defects in the bonding structure. On the basis of this, a dynamic time warping algorithm is used to regularize the simulation waveform and the actual waveform in time sequence, and the correlation coefficient is employed for the estimation of waveform similarity after regularization. In comparison with the traditional similarity evaluation standard of the DTW algorithm, the improved DTW algorithm has better waveform classification ability for the glue layer (I) and glue layer (II). The classification accuracy of debonding defects of the glue layer (I) is more than 95%, and that of the glue layer (II) exceeds 90%. Additionally, compared with the conventional terahertz imaging method, correlation imaging is appropriate for different characteristics of defect signals and has an improved defect-recognition effect.
Preparation and Characterization of Nano-galvanic Bimetallic Fe/Sn Nanoparticles Deposited on Talc and its Enhanced Performance in Cr(VI) Removal
Authors: Bayat Mitra , Nasernejad Bahram , Falamaki Cavus 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, talc-supported nano-galvanic nZVI/Sn bimetallic particles was successfully synthesized and utilized for Cr(VI) remediation. Talc-nZVI/Sn nanoparticles were characterized by SEM, EDS, FTIR, XRD, zeta potential, and BET analysis. The findings verified the uniform dispersion of nZVI/Sn nanoparticles on talc surface. The formation of numerous nano-galvanic cells between nZVI core and Sn shell enhanced the potential of bimetallic particles in Cr(VI) mitigation. Batch experiments were carried out to investigate optimum conditions and total Cr(VI) removal was achieved in 20 minutes using Sn/Fe mass ratio of 6/1, the adsorbent dosage of 2 g/L, initial Cr(VI) concentration of 80 mg/L, at the acidic environment (pH=5) and temperature of 303 K. Besides, co-existing of metallic cations turned out to facilitate the electron transfer from the nano-galvanic couple of NZVI/Sn and suggested the revolution of bimetallic particles to trimetallic composites. The aging study of the nanocomposite confirmed its constant high activity during 60 days. The removal reaction was well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic and the Langmuir isotherm models. Overall, due to the synergistic galvanic cell effect of nZVI/Sn nanoparticles and full coverage of active sites by Sn layer, Talc-nZVI/6Sn was utilized as a promising nanocomposite for fast and highly efficient Cr(VI) elimination.
Better Health-related Quality of Life in kidney Transplant Patients Compared to Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Similar Renal Function
Authors: Ryu Jung-Hwa , Koo Tai Yeon , Ro Han , Cho Jang-Hee , Jung Cheol Woong , Huh Kyu Ha , Park Jae Berm , Lee Sik , Han Seungyeup , Kim Jayoun , Oh Kook-Hwan , Ahn Curie , Yang Jaeseok , group KNOW-KT Study 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Renal functional deterioration is associated with physical and mental burdens for kidney transplant (KT) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. However, the change in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) over time in KT patients compared to that of pre-dialysis CKD patients has not been evaluated. We addressed this issue using KT patients registered in the KNOW-KT cohort study and patients at CKD stage 1–3 registered in the KNOW-CKD cohort study. HRQOL scores were assessed using the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form at baseline, 2-, and 4-years follow-up in 842 KT patients and at baseline and 5-year follow-up in 1,355 CKD patients. SF-36 scores declined at the 4-year follow-up, whereas CKD-targeted scores showed no change in the KT group. In contrast, CKD-targeted scores as well as SF-36 scores were decreased at the 5-year follow-up in CKD patients. When prognostic factors were analyzed for longitudinal HRQOL data over time, renal functions, diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, hemoglobin level, marital status, income, employment, and health care were significant prognostic factors. Furthermore, KT was an independent prognostic factor for better HRQOL. These results highlight that KT can offer a better HRQOL than that of CKD patients, even when renal function is similar.