bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2‐Hydroxy‐phytanoyl‐CoA lyase (AtHPCL) is involved in phytol metabolism in Arabidopsis
Authors: Yang Wentao , Gutbrod Philipp , Gutbrod Katharina , Peisker Helga , Song Xiaoning , Falz Anna‐Lena , Meyer Andreas J. , Dörmann Peter 
Published: December 2021

SUMMARYDuring chlorophyll degradation, large amounts of the isoprenoid alcohol phytol are released. The pathway of phytol catabolism has been studied in humans, because chlorophyll is part of the human diet, but little is known for plants. In humans, phytanoyl‐CoA derived from phytol is degraded via α‐oxidation by phytanoyl‐CoA hydroxylase (PAHX) and 2‐hydroxy‐phytanoyl‐CoA lyase (HPCL). Arabidopsis contains two sequences homologous to the human proteins AtPAHX and AtHPCL. Insertional mutants of Arabidopsis (pahx, hpcl) were grown under N deprivation to stimulate chlorophyll breakdown or supplemented with phytol to increase the endogenous amount of phytol. During N deprivation, chlorophyll, phytol, phytenal, upstream metabolites of phytol breakdown, and tocopherol and fatty acid phytyl esters, alternative phytol‐derived lipids, accumulated in pahx and hpcl mutants, in line with the scenario that the mutations interfere with phytol degradation. AtHPCL was localized to the peroxisomes. Expression analysis of the AtHPCL sequence in the yeast Δpxp1 or Δmpo1 mutants followed by supplementation with 2‐hydroxy‐palmitic acid and enzyme assays of peroxisomal proteins from Col‐0 and hpcl plants with 2‐hydroxy‐stearoyl‐CoA revealed that AtHPCL harbors 2‐hydroxy‐acyl‐CoA lyase activity. The α‐dioxygenases αDOX1 and αDOX2 are involved in α‐oxidation of fatty acids and could be involved in an alternative pathway of phytol degradation. However, phytol‐related lipids in the αdox1, αdox2, or αdox1 αdox2 mutants were not altered compared with Col‐0, indicating that αDOX1 and αDOX2 are not involved in phytol degradation. These results demonstrate that phytol degradation in Arabidopsis involves α‐oxidation by AtPAHX and AtHPCL, but that it is independent of αDOX1/αDOX2.
Multiparameter Optimization to Improve the Erosion Resistance of Coating by Finite Element Simulation
Authors: Li Fang , Cai Liuxi , Wang Shunsen , Feng Zhenping 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Finite element method (FEM) was used to study the stress peak of stress S11 (radial stress component in X-axis) on the steam turbine blade surface of four typical erosion-resistant coatings (Fe2B, CrN, Cr3C2–NiCr and Al2O3–13%TiO2). The effect of four parameters, such as impact velocity, coating thickness, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio on the stress peak of stress S11 was analyzed. Results show that the position of tensile stress peak and compressive stress peak of stress S11 is far away from the impact center point with the increase of impact velocity. When coating thickness is equal to or greater than 10 μm, the magnitude of tensile stress peak of stress S11 on the four coating surfaces does not change with the coating thickness at different impact velocities. When coating thickness is equal to or greater than 2 μm, the magnitude of tensile stress peak of stress S11 of four coatings shows a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of Young's modulus. Meanwhile, the larger the Poisson's ratio, the smaller the tensile stress peak of stress S11. After optimization, when coating thickness is 2 μm, Poisson's ratio is 0.35 and Young's modulus is 800 GPa, the Fe2B coating has the strongest erosion resistance under the same impact conditions, followed by Cr3C2–NiCr, CrN, and the Al2O3–13%TiO2 coating, Al2O3–13%TiO2 coating has the worst erosion resistance.
The Band Gap Formation in Rotors With Longitudinal Periodicity and Quasi-Periodicity
Authors: Lamas Patrick B. , Nicoletti Rodrigo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Modal spacing (band gaps) in the frequency spectrum of rotating machines can be imposed by geometric periodicity. By designing the rotor with a geometry that repeats periodically, we can impose to the vibration response of the rotor a modal “gap” considerably large, where no resonances appear. In this work, we consider that the rotating elements of the machine (e.g., the stages or the impellers) are the periodic elements of the rotor. In this disk-like configuration of the rotor, the system can present band gaps due to two different reasons: due to matching between the number of disks and the eigenmode wavenumber (usually in slender rotors); due to the presence of local-mode shapes (usually in large rotors). Analytical modeling of the system is presented, whose approximated solution can be used to predict the start and stop frequencies of the band gaps. The limitations in band gap formation are also shown when the rotor is not perfectly periodic (quasi-periodic geometry). In this case, disk positioning plays an important role in the band gap formation.
Spatiotemporal Evolution of Temperature During Transient Heating of Nanoparticle Arrays
Authors: Xie Chen , Qin Zhenpeng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are promising agents to absorb external energy and generate heat. Clusters of NPs or NP array heating have found an essential role in several biomedical applications, diagnostic techniques, and chemical catalysis. Various studies have shed light on the heat transfer of nanostructures and greatly advanced our understanding of NP array heating. However, there is a lack of analytical tools and dimensionless parameters to describe the transient heating of NP arrays. Here we demonstrate a comprehensive analysis of the transient NP array heating. Firstly, we develop a set of analytical solutions for the NP array heating and provide a useful mathematical description of the spatial-temporal evolution of temperature for 2D, 3D, and spherical NP array heating. Based on this, we introduce the concept of thermal resolution that quantifies the relationship between minimal heating time, NP array size, energy intensity, and target temperature. Lastly, we define a set of dimensionless parameters that characterize the transition from confined heating to delocalized heating. This study advances the understanding of nanomaterials heating and guides the rational design of innovative approaches for NP array heating.
Hydraulic Control of a Buck Converter
Authors: Scheidl Rudolf 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates a concept for the pure hydraulic control of a buck converter using a hydraulically piloted 2-2 way on-off valve. The pilot system is controlled by the desired output pressure of the buck converter in form of a pressure signal and the RC filtered feedback of the actual pressure. These pressures act via small plunger cylinders in opposite direction on the on-off valve. An additional pilot cylinder features a jumping active hydraulic area for a robust feedback. The valve performs close to rectangular oscillations, the frequency of which is mainly determined by the characteristic time of the RC filter. The concept is studied by a simple analytical model to obtain its basic operating characteristics and by a detailed numerical model to analyze the role of parasitic effects on system performance. The paper shows that this concept works and can robustly follow the commanded output pressure. The converter has a moderate response dynamics; in certain operation conditions it shows an aperiodic behavior by alternating between phases of periodic switching and pause.
A Power Take-Off (PTO) for Wave Energy Converters Based on the Hybrid Hydraulic-Electric Architecture (HHEA)
Authors: Wills Jackson , Keester Adam , Li Perry Y. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Wave energy is a promising renewable energy resource for coastal regions around the world, but is not yet an economically competitive source of electricity. More effective power take-off (PTO) designs would help to make wave power a feasible and clean source of energy. To do this, PTOs need to: i) enable controlled actuation, ii) convert absorbed energy into electricity efficiently, and iii) have minimal manufacturing costs. We propose a new PTO architecture that can exert arbitrary control loads on the WEC to maximize energy capture, enabling the downsizing of expensive electrical components while maintaining high efficiency. Our PTO design is based upon a hybrid hydraulic-electric architecture (HHEA). This paper compares the performance of the HHEA PTO against two other PTO designs: 1) a baseline PTO consisting of a system of rectifying check valves and accumulators, and 2) a PTO consisting of an electro-hydraulic actuator (EHA). The HHEA PTO is shown to produce much more power than the check valve PTO and the EHA PTO. Also, the required electric generator sizes for the HHEA are smaller than that of the EHA PTO. The reduced size of these components allows for a WEC which is less expensive to manufacture.
The Association of Objective and Subjective Vision Impairment With Self-Reported Time Spent in Sedentary Behaviors in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Smith Lee , Gorely Trish , Tully Mark A. , Barnett Yvonne , Trott Mike , Pardhan Shahina , López-Sánchez Guillermo F. , Jacob Louis , Shin Jae I. , Pfifer Briona , Oh Hans , Pizzol Damiano , Koyanagi Ai 
Published: December 2021

Background: There is a scarcity of studies on the relationship between visual impairment (VI) and time spent in sedentary behavior (SB), especially from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Thus, we investigated the association of objectively and subjectively measured VI with SB in adults aged ≥18 years across 6 LMICs. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) were analyzed. Objective and subjective visual acuity were measured. Information on self-reported SB was also collected. Multivariable multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess associations with time spent in SB as the outcome. Results: The sample consisted of 42,489 individuals (mean age = 43.8 [14.4] y; 50.1% females). Only severe objective VI (vs no VI) was significantly associated with ≥11 hours per day of SB (vs <4 h/d) (odds ratio = 4.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.57–12.92). Increasing severity of subjective VI was associated with greater odds for ≥8 hours per day of SB (vs <4 h/d) dose dependently. Conclusions: The present study identified an association of both objectively and subjectively measured VI with time spent in SB in adults residing in LMICs, with subjectively measured VI being a stronger predictor of time spent in SB. Targeted interventions to decrease SB especially in those who perceive themselves to have VI are needed in LMICs.
Feasibility of Superimposed Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation to the Gluteus Medius During a Resistance Training Program
Authors: Robinson Matthew , Norte Grant E. , Murray Amanda , Glaviano Neal R. 
Published: December 2021

Context: Gluteus medius (GMed) weakness is a common impairment seen across multiple lower-extremity pathologies. Greater GMed weakness is moderately associated with greater frontal plane motion, often termed dynamic knee valgus during functional tasks which may increase risk of lower-extremity injury. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) superimposed to targeted muscles has emerged in clinical practice; however, NMES superimposed to the GMed in unknown. It is essential to assess the safety, credibility, and expectancy of NMES superimposed to the GMed prior to implementation in clinical practice. The objective of this study was to evaluate feasibility, safety, credibility, and expectancy of improvement with a 2-week intervention with or without NMES to the GMed in females with dynamic knee valgus. Design: Feasibility study. Methods: A total of 22 adult females with dynamic knee valgus (age = 21.8 [1.4] y, mass = 76.9 [18.8] kg, height = 1.7 [0.1] m) completed a 2-week intervention with NMES or a sham treatment superimposed to the GMed during all therapeutic exercises. Feasibility was assessed by recruitment and completion rate, while safety was assessed by the total number of adverse events. Treatment credibility and expectancy was assessed with the Credibility Expectancy Questionnaire. Mixed-measure analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis (P ≤ .05). Results: Recruitment was completed in 5 months with 100% completion rate and no adverse events. There was no difference in treatment credibility between groups (NMES = 23.7 [2.3], sham = 21.7 [3.4], P = .12); however, the NMES group demonstrated a greater expectancy score (NMES = 20.0 [3.8], sham = 15.9 [5.1], P = .045). Conclusion: Resistance training with NMES superimposed to the GMed is a feasible and safe intervention that resulted in greater expectance of success. Clinicians may consider superimposing NMES to the gluteal muscles when addressing muscle weakness in individuals with dynamic knee valgus.
Numerical Simulation and Field Measurement Analysis of Fracture Evolution and Seepage Response of Key Aquiclude Strata in Backfill Mining
Authors: Sun Qiang , Chen Yong , Huang Jianli , Ma Dan , Zhu Cunli , Liu Yue 
Published: December 2021

Solid waste backfill mining can effectively deal with gangue and other mining wastes, as well as control the movement and damage of rock strata. In this paper, the RFPA2D rock failure process analysis software is used to study the fracture evolution and seepage response mechanism of the key aquiclude strata (KAS) under the conditions of different structural characteristics, interlayer rock thickness, and backfilling ratios in backfill mining. The simulation results show that, in backfill mining, soft rock plays a crucial role in the fracture repair of KAS with different structural characteristics. An increase in the KAS thickness from 15 to 35 m is shown to results in a continuously improved repair of KAS fractures. At the advancing distance of the working face of 50~100 m and the KAS thickness of 35 m, the minimum vertical seepage velocity of

0.06
‐
0.78

×

10

−
2

m
/
s

is reached. An increase in the backfilling ratio from 45 to 80% improves the control effect on the overlying strata. A case study of backfill mining in the Wugou Coal Mine located in the Anhui Province of China was conducted. At the goaf backfilling ratio of 80%, the composite KAS’s good control effect was achieved, which minimized seepage and avoided the water in rush phenomena. The above engineering application ensured the safe backfill mining of coal resources.
Ideological Concepts in ‘Formalism, Decisionism and Conservatism in Russian Law’ (2021) by Mikhail Antonov
Authors: Akopov Sergei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The present review analyses key ideas of professor Mikhail Antonov’s 2021 book on formalism, decisionism and conservatism in Russian Law. This review essay is written in the form of an imaginary dialogue between the reviewer (a political philosopher) and the author (legal philosopher). Its main aim is to explore legal dimensions of Russia’s new ideology of conservatism. Divided into five sections, it covers five conceptual foundations of the book – sovereigntism, statism, collectivism, civilizationism and exceptionalism. This review essay also examines the links between the respective ideas of legal philosophy of Mikhail Antonov and an overview of arguments from the contemporary political and critical international theory, aiming to engage in a critical discussion with the author about Russia’s insecure collective identity.
The Concept of the ‘Living Constitution’ in Russian Constitutional Theory and Practice
Authors: von Gall Caroline 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In discussing the concept of the ‘living constitution’ in Russian constitutional theory and practice, this paper shows that the Russian concept of the living constitution differs from U.S. or European approaches to evolutive interpretation. The Russian concept has its roots in Soviet and pre-revolutionary Russian constitutional thinking. It reduces the normative power of the Constitution but allows an interpretation according to changing social conditions and gives the legislator a broad margin of appreciation. Whereas the 1993 Russian constitutional reform had been regarded as a paradigm shift with the intention to break with the past by declaring that the Constitution shall have supreme judicial force and direct effect, the paper also gives answers to the complexity of constitutional change and legal transplants and the role of constitutional theory and practice for the functioning of the current authoritarian regime in Russia.
The Legal Consequences of Unfair Contract Terms in Consumer Loan Agreements Valorized with Foreign Currency
Authors: Ziemblicki Bartosz , Lewandowski Mateusz 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In recent years, the Court of Justice of the European Union has issued a number of judgments addressing the issue of consumer protection in connection with the use of unfair terms by banks in loan agreements indexed with a foreign currency exchange rate. Most of them have concerned issues of exchange rate risk and exchange rate differences between the purchase and sale rates of a given currency applied by the bank.
This article analyzes the recent ruling by the Court of Justice of the European Union in the Dziubak case, which was initiated by referring questions for a preliminary ruling by a Polish court. The article’s purpose is to assess the position taken by the cjeu in this respect and its significance for consumers in Poland. Particular attention was paid to the considerations with regard to the possibility of replacing unfair provisions with general provisions and assessing the consumer’s awareness of the consequences of declaring a contract invalid. The aim is to examine the issues that were dealt with by the Court of Justice of the European Union in the Dziubak case, including – in particular – the answer to the question of whether the issues discussed by the cjeu had already been considered in its previous jurisprudence and whether it presents new, previously unknown legal consequences of the inclusion of unfair contract terms in loan agreements.
The Credible Commitment Problem in the Third-Party Mediation of the Mindanao Peace Process, 1975–2014
Authors: Candelaria John Lee 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Negotiated settlements of civil wars are challenging since incompatibilities take a long time to resolve. Many scholars have approached this puzzle by identifying information asymmetry and commitment problems as critical deterrents to resolution. Similarly, this article argues that third-party mediation could improve or worsen the parties’ credible commitment problems, as illustrated in the Mindanao peace process mediation that spanned almost four decades. Following a contingency framework in analyzing third-party mediation, this article analyzes existing reports, statements, and peace process agreements using a process tracing methodology. The article argues that the success of a peace process could be attributed to how mediation resolves the parties’ credible commitment problems, which are evident in three aspects of the peace process: getting the parties to negotiate, the use of mediator leverage, and the promise of third-party monitoring and enforcement.
Smuggled Migrants as Victims?
Authors: Spena Alessandro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
After outlining the UN Protocol’s general approach to migrant smuggling, this article raises the question of whether and to what extent smuggled migrants can be said to be victims of this crime. The author argues that an affirmative answer is possible in at least three different respects: smuggled migrants can be victimized by states fighting against migrant smuggling and irregular immigration (secondary victimization); but, of course, they can also be victimized by smugglers (primary victimization), in two ways: first, if smuggling is so performed as to put their lives, physical integrity or dignity at risk; secondly, smugglers also victimize migrants by profiting of their vulnerable condition, and their need to enter a foreign country, in order to gain economic benefit.
International Cooperation to Counter Migrant Smuggling and Human Trafficking through Special Investigative Techniques
Authors: Zaniboni Eugenio 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The adoption of international coordination measures to spread the use of ‘special investigative techniques’ to combat organised crime effectively is encouraged by Article 20 of the UNTOC. This article discusses, firstly, the main features of ‘undercover operations’ involving, or taking place in, more than one State. It then examines the Italian implementation legal framework, as amended by a new law passed in 2019, seeking to establish whether and to what extent Italy is complying with its international commitments in this field.
Green on Green: Issues of Public Opposition to Proposed Renewable Energy Projects
Authors: Zhao Yankun , Du Tao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Renewable energy is widely recognised as a significant tool to combat climate change, achieve carbon neutrality and realise sustainable development. However, even with widespread support, renewable projects may trigger conflicts and lead to green on green tension – a conflict between the environmental benefits of renewable energy projects (REP s) and public concerns over consequential environmental detriments. This article clarifies both the environmental impacts and the environmental-related impacts that can be caused by REP s and contribute to green on green tension; and examines how these can be weighed against the positives of such projects. The article argues that the stage of public participation in decision making on REP s provides the appropriate mechanism to identify and mitigate the impacts and weigh the competing interests; and that to guide this process national policies should establish a presumption in favour of REP s, rebuttable when significant harm is likely to result from the proposed project.
Safety and Outcome of Intracranial Pressure Monitor Placement Performed by Trauma Critical Care Surgeons
Authors: Fox-Epstein Malka H. , Baker Sarah S. , Thurston Brian C. , Morrow Charles E. , Mentzer Caleb J. , Mount Michael G. , Hamrick Amy V. , Compton Barri S. , Bendyk Heather A. , Lombardozzi Isabella K. , Lombardozzi Kristine A. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction The Brain Trauma Foundation advises intracranial pressure monitor placement (ICPM) following traumatic brain injury (TBI) with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score ≤8 and an abnormal head computed tomographic scan (CT) finding. Prior studies demonstrated that ICPMs could be placed by non-neurosurgeons. We hypothesized that ICPM placement by trauma critical care surgeons (TCCS) would increase appropriate utilization (AU), decrease time to placement (TTP), and have equivalent complications to those placed by neurosurgeons. Methods We retrospectively reviewed medical records of adult trauma patients admitted with a TBI in a historical control group (HCG) and practice change group (PCG). Demographics, Injury Severity Score (ISS), outcomes, ICPM placement by provider type, and time to placement were identified. Complications and appropriate utilization were recorded. Results 70 patients in the HCG and 84 patients in the PCG met criteria for inclusion. Demographics, arrival GCS, ICU GCS, ISS, and admission APACHE II scores were not statistically significant. AU was 7/70 for HCG vs 19/84 in the PCG ( P = .04036). Median TTP was 6.5 hours for HCG vs 5.25 for PCG ( P = .9308). Interquartile range showed the data clustered around an earlier placement time, 2.3-14.0 hours, in the PCG. Complications between the 2 groups were not statistically significant, 0/7 for HCG vs 5/19 for PCG ( P = .2782). Discussion This study confirms that ICPMs can be safely placed by TCCS. Our results demonstrate that placement of ICPMs by TCCS improves AU and possibly improves TTP.