bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mortality risk of surgically managing orthopaedic trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Balakumar Balasubramanian , Nandra Rajpal S. , Woffenden Hugo , Atkin Benjamin , Mahmood Ansar , Cooper George , Cooper Julian , Hindle Paul 
Published: May 2021

Aims It is imperative to understand the risks of operating on urgent cases during the COVID-19 (SARS-Cov-2 virus) pandemic for clinical decision-making and medical resource planning. The primary aim was to determine the mortality risk and associated variables when operating on urgent cases during the COVID-19 pandemic. The secondary objective was to assess differences in the outcome of patients treated between sites treating COVID-19 and a separate surgical site. Methods The primary outcome measure was 30-day mortality. Secondary measures included complications of surgery, COVID-19 infection, and length of stay. Multiple variables were assessed for their contribution to the 30-day mortality. In total, 433 patients were included with a mean age of 65 years; 45% were male, and 90% were Caucasian. Results Overall mortality was 7.6% for all patients and 15.9% for femoral neck fractures. The mortality rate increased from 7.5% to 44.2% in patients with fracture neck of femur and a COVID-19 infection. The COVID-19 rate in the 30-day postoperative period was 11%. COVID-19 infection, age, and Charlson Comorbidity Index were independent risk factor for mortality. Conclusion There was a significant risk of contracting COVID-19 due to being admitted to hospital. Using a site which was not treating COVID-19 respiratory patients for surgery did not identify a difference with respect to mortality, nosocomial COVID-19 infection, or length of stay. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly increases perioperative mortality risk in patients with fractured neck of femora but patients with other injuries were not at increased risk. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(5):330–336.
High-Resolution Pore-Scale Water Content Measurement in a Translucent Soil Profile from Light Transmission
Authors: Orozco-López Enrique , Muñoz-Carpena Rafael , Gao Bin , Fox Garey 
Published: May 2021

HighlightsResearch methods are needed to study preferential flow processes at pore scale and high temporal resolution.Novel verification of the light transmission method shows high efficiency to measure rapid transient soil water flow.Recast of a previous physical model allows reliable pore-scale water content quantification in translucent soil profiles.Insights from the light transmission method can inform preferential flow modeling efforts.Abstract. Understanding rapid transient flows in the soil unsaturated zone continues to be a major challenge in hydrology and water quality engineering. For example, surface runoff mitigation by riparian buffers can be limited by rapid transient flows due to the natural propensity of these areas for preferential flow pathways (i.e., caused by roots, wormholes, or wetting/drying cycles). However, current monitoring technologies are limited in their ability to capture rapid soil preferential flows at high spatial and temporal resolutions. Among the state-of-the-art technologies to monitor preferential flow, the light transmission method (LTM) has become a promising tool to quantify pore-scale water contents at a laboratory scale, but its reliability and consistency need further study. The objectives of this study are to recast a previously developed LTM physical model, propose a novel verification method to assess LTM reliability to measure pore-scale water dynamics in laboratory translucent soil profiles, and identify the representative pore radius of translucent soil profiles based on their average number of pores. This study found a high measuring efficiency with LTM for soil moisture and drainage estimations (NSE &gt; 0.98, RMSE &lt; 5.4%), showing its potential for use in laboratory analysis of pore-scale rapid transient water dynamics typically found in preferential flow through the vadose zone. This study also shows that the parameter traditionally associated with the number of pores in a translucent soil profile is a fitting parameter with no direct physical meaning. Keywords: Beer-Lambert law, Fresnel law, Light transmission method, Preferential flow, Riparian buffer, Vadose zone.
Alignment of Supplementary Aids and Services With Student Needs and Placement
Authors: Toews Samantha Gross , Johnston Russell , Kurth Jennifer A. , Ruppar Andrea L. , McQueston Jessica A. , McCabe Katie M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Trends in the supplementary aids and services (SAS) written in individualized education programs (IEPs) for students with significant disabilities (a) in different educational placements, (b) with and without behavior support plans (BSP), and (c) with and without complex communication needs (CCN) are examined using multivariate analysis of variance. Results show no significant differences in SAS for students across separate, resource, and inclusive placements. Students with BSPs had significantly more collaborative and behavior SAS than those without BSPs. Students with CCN had significantly more social-communication SAS than those whose IEPs indicated little to no communication support needs; however, 51.1% of students with CCN had no social-communication SAS. Findings raise concern around the extent to which SAS are considered before placement decisions, the high frequency of paraprofessional support for students with BSPs, and the low frequency of social-communication SAS written for students with CCN. Implications for policy, practice, and future research are provided.
Community Capacity to Provide Mental/Behavioral Health Services for People With IDD Transitioning From State-Operated Developmental Centers
Authors: Lulinski Amie , Heller Tamar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The study's aim was to explore the capacity of community-based providers of residential supports and services to support people with intellectual and developmental disabilities who transitioned out of state-operated institutions into community-based settings. Receiving agency survey results from 65 agencies and individual-level variables of 2,499 people who had transitioned from an institution to a community-based setting indicated that people who returned to an institution post-transition tended to be younger, have a higher IQ score, were more likely to have a psychiatric diagnosis, tended to have shorter previous lengths of stay at an institution, transitioned to larger settings, and received services from an agency receiving behavioral health technical assistance as compared to those who remained in their transition settings.
Design considerations of photonic lanterns for diffraction-limited spectrometry
Authors: Lin Jonathan , Jovanovic Nemanja , Fitzgerald Michael P. 
Published: May 2021

The coupling of large telescopes to astronomical instruments has historically been challenging due to the tension between instrument throughput and stability. Light from the telescope can either be injected wholesale into the instrument, maintaining high throughput at the cost of point-spread function (PSF) stability, or the time-varying components of the light can be filtered out with single-mode fibers (SMFs), maintaining instrument stability at the cost of light loss. Today, the field of astrophotonics provides a potential resolution to the throughput-stability tension in the form of the photonic lantern (PL): a tapered waveguide that can couple a time-varying and aberrated PSF into multiple diffraction-limited beams at an efficiency that greatly surpasses direct SMF injection. As a result, lantern-fed instruments retain the stability of SMF-fed instruments while increasing their throughput. To this end, we present a series of numerical simulations characterizing PL performance as a function of lantern geometry, wavelength, and wavefront error (WFE), aimed at guiding the design of future diffraction-limited spectrometers. These characterizations include a first look at the interaction between PLs and phase-induced amplitude apodization (PIAA) optics. We find that Gaussian-mapping beam-shaping optics can enhance coupling into 3-port lanterns but offer diminishing gains with larger lanterns. In the

y

and

J

band (0.97–1.35 µm) region, with moderately high WFE (

∼

10
%

Strehl ratio), a 3-port lantern in conjunction with beam-shaping optics strikes a good balance between pixel count and throughput gains. If pixels are not a constraint, and the flux in each port will be dominated by photon noise, then larger port count lanterns will provide further coupling gains due to a greater resilience to tip-tilt errors. Finally, we show that lanterns can maintain high operating efficiencies over large wavelength bands where the number of guided modes at the lantern entrance drops, if care is taken to minimize the attenuation of weakly radiative input modes.
High-resolution and compact serpentine integrated grating spectrometer
Authors: Brand Michael , Zhang Bohan , Onural Deniz , Al Qubaisi Kenaish , Popović Miloš , Dostart Nathan , Wagner Kelvin 
Published: May 2021

Integrated astrophotonic spectrometers are integrated variants of
conventional free-space spectrometers that offer significantly reduced
size, weight, and cost and immunity to alignment errors, and can be
readily integrated with other astrophotonic instruments such as
nulling interferometers. Current integrated dispersive astrophotonic
spectrometers are one-dimensional devices such as arrayed waveguide
gratings or planar echelle gratings. These devices have been limited
to

10
4

resolving powers and

<

1000

spectral bins due to having limited
total optical delay paths and 1D detector array pixel densities. In
this paper, we propose and demonstrate a high-resolution and compact
astrophotonic serpentine integrated grating (SIG) spectrometer design
based on a 2D dispersive serpentine optical phased array. The SIG
device combines a 5.2 cm long folded delay line with grating couplers
to create a large optical delay path along two dimensions in a compact
integrated device footprint. Analogous to free-space
crossed-dispersion high-resolution spectrometers, the SIG spectrometer
maps spectral content to a 2D wavelength-beam-steered folded-raster
emission pattern focused onto a 2D detector array. We demonstrate a
SIG spectrometer with

∼

100

k

resolving power and

∼

6750

spectral bins, which are
approximately an order of magnitude higher than previous integrated
photonic designs that operate over a wide bandwidth, in a

0.4

m
m

2

footprint. We measure a Rayleigh
resolution of

1.93
±
0.07

G
H
z

and an operational bandwidth from
1540 nm to 1650 nm. Finally, we discuss refinements of the SIG
spectrometer that improve its resolution, bandwidth, and throughput.
These results show that SIG spectrometer technology provides a path
towards miniaturized, high-resolution spectrometers for applications
in astronomy and beyond.
Amplified frequency double-shifting loop enabled frequency-stepped pulse train for direct time domain CO2 measurement
Authors: Chen Xin , Chen Tao , Kong Wei , Huang Genghua , He Zhiping , Shu Rong 
Published: May 2021

We have developed an amplified frequency double-shifting loop with a bidirectionally operated acousto-optic modulator as the in-loop frequency shifter to generate a frequency-stepped pulse train (FSPT) with frequency spacing twice as much as its operation frequency. Based on this configuration, a FSPT with 51 equidistant optical frequencies and 800 MHz frequency spacing around 1572 nm was generated, covering the whole R16 absorption peak of

C
O

2

for direct spectral measurement in the time domain. The retrieved transmission curve from a

C
O

2

gas cell with concentration of 4.02% is in good agreement with the calculated Voigt lineshape from the HITRAN database. The maximal relative errors between the measured and calculated results are within 0.5% for each optical frequency, indicating its great potential for practical

C
O

2

monitoring.
Sub-diffraction dark spot localization microscopy
Authors: Li Chuankang , Li Yuzhu , Zhan Zhengyi , Li Yuhang , Liu Xin , Liu Yong , Hao Xiang , Kuang Cuifang , Liu Xu 
Published: May 2021

Single molecular localization microscopy (SMLM) is a useful tool in biological observation with sub-10-nm resolution. However, SMLM is incapable of discerning two molecules within the diffraction-limited region unless with the help of a stochastic on–off switching scheme which yet entails time-consuming processes. Here, we produce a novel kind of focal spot pattern, called sub-diffraction dark spot (SDS), to localize molecules within the sub-diffraction region of interest. In our proposed technique nominated as sub-diffracted dark spot localization microscopy (SDLM), multiple molecules within the diffraction-limited region could be distinguished without the requirement of stochastic fluorescent switches. We have numerically investigated some related impacts of SDLM, such as detection circle diameter, collected photon number, background noise, and SDS size. Simulative localization framework has been implemented on randomly distributed and specifically structured samples. In either two- or three-dimensional case, SDLM is evidenced to have

∼
2

nm

localization accuracy.
Detection of cutaneous leishmaniasis in three communities of Oti Region, Ghana
Authors: Akuffo Richard , Sanchez Carmen , Chicharro Carmen , Carrillo Eugenia , Attram Naiki , Mosore Mba-Tihssommah , Yeboah Clara , Kotey Nana Konama , Boakye Daniel , Ruiz-Postigo Jose-Antonio , Moreno Javier , Wilson Michael , Sarfo Bismark , Anto Francis 
Published: May 2021

Background
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most common type of leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania. In Ghana, some studies in the Volta region have detected Leishmania parasites among persons with skin ulcers.

Methodology/Principal findings
Using a cross-sectional study design, the prevalence of CL in three communities of the Oti Region of Ghana was investigated. Demographic and epidemiological data were obtained by a structured interviewer administered questionnaire. A total of 426 (12.4%) out of 3,440 participants screened had at least one skin ulcer. Of 595 skin ulcers sampled and tested by PCR for Leishmania infection, 150 (25.2%) ulcers from 136 individuals tested positive, accounting for an overall CL prevalence of 31.9% among persons with skin ulcers. Individual community CL prevalence of 23.2%, 29.8%, and 36.8% was observed in Ashiabre, Keri, and Sibi Hilltop respectively among persons with skin ulcers.

Conclusions/Significance
Confirmation of CL in the study area suggests an active cycle of transmission of Leishmania infection. The observation of skin ulcers which tested negative to Leishmania infection suggests a need to test for additional causes of skin ulcers such as Treponema pallidum pertenue and Mycobacterium ulcerans in the study area.
Composition of cutaneous bacterial microbiome in seborrheic dermatitis patients: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sanders Martijn G. H. , Nijsten Tamar , Verlouw Joost , Kraaij Robert , Pardo Luba M. 
Published: May 2021

Background
Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a multifactorial aetiology. Malassezia yeasts have been associated with the disease but the role of bacterial composition in SD has not been thoroughly investigated.

Objectives
To profile the bacterial microbiome of SD patients and compare this with the microbiome of individuals with no inflammatory skin disease (controls).

Methods
This was a cross sectional study embedded in a population-based study. Skin swabs were taken from naso-labial fold from patients with seborrheic dermatitis (lesional skin: n = 22; non-lesional skin SD: n = 75) and controls (n = 465). Sample collection began in 2016 at the research facility and is still ongoing. Shannon and Chao1 α- diversity metrics were calculated per group. Associations between the microbiome composition of cases and controls was calculated using multivariate statistics (permANOVA) and univariate statistics.

Results
We found an increased α-diversity between SD lesional cases versus controls (Shannon diversity: Kruskal-Wallis rank sum: Chi-squared: 19.06; global p-value = 7.7x10-5). Multivariate statistical analysis showed significant associations in microbiome composition when comparing lesional SD skin to controls (p-value = 0.03;R2 = 0.1%). Seven out of 13 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) that were significantly different between controls and lesional cases were members of the genus Staphylococcus, most of which showed increased composition in lesional cases, and were closely related to S. capitis S. caprae and S. epidermidis.

Conclusion
Microbiome composition differs in patients with seborrheic dermatitis and individuals without diseases. Differences were mainly found in the genus Staphylococcus.
Fashion Stylists: History, Meaning and Practice, Ane Lynge-Jorlén (ed.) (2020)
Authors: Krause-Wahl Antje 
Published: May 2021

Review of: Fashion Stylists: History, Meaning and Practice, Ane Lynge-Jorlén (ed.) (2020)
London: Bloomsbury Visual Arts, 272 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-35011-505-7, h/bk, £76.50
Hacia una educación para el consumo responsable en Itapúa-Paraguay
Authors: Vallejo De Cuella Rosa María 
Published: May 2021

El artículo expone las experiencias institucionales y preceptos legales en cuanto a la Educación en Consumo en Itapúa-Paraguay, sobre qué es Consumir, acción propia, natural y vital para el ser vivo, y la necesidad existente de que las instituciones, como la Universidad Nacional de Itapúa, una de las principales del país, desde su función sustantiva que es la educación, en colaboración con otros organismos, brinden una mirada humana, educadora y formativa hacia el sector del consumidor, avalada en la experiencia de buenas prácticas en Consumo responsable de la Universidad de Salamanca-España, institución pionera en la comunidad autónoma, y de otras instituciones salmantinas que acompañan a los entes educativos y a la sociedad en materia de consumo.
Como resultado de un abordaje exploratorio-descriptivo se observa que la Ley 1334/98 brinda un amparo legal a sus habitantes, que es una legislación bien enunciada pero poco divulgada, con una mayoría de ciudadanos en desconocimiento de sus derechos y deberes como también escaso compromiso de la mayoría de los municipios del país en adherirse al Sistema Nacional Integrado de Protección al Consumidor.
Esto demanda que la universidad sea centro de coordinación de actividades colaborativas interinstitucionales para el abordaje por medio de un diseño integral de Formación- Investigación-Extensión.
O PLURALISMO JURÍDICO E OS MEIOS EXTRAESTATAIS DE ADMINISTRAR CONFLITOS
Authors: Spengler Fabiana Marion 
Published: May 2021

Diante do cenário de crise das funções estatais o artigo que agora se apresenta possui como tema central o pluralismo jurídico, questionando se é possível existir a regulação autônoma das relações por parte de grupos sociais e se essa pluralidade se origina na retração do Estado e na sua imobilidade face às grandes mudanças produzidas pela modernidade. O objetivo do presente texto é analisar o pluralismo jurídico como possibilidade de regulação autônoma dos grupos sociais, enquanto direito social produzido pela sociedade, muitas vezes alheio ao Estado. Para fins de cumprir com o proposto o método de abordagem utilizado foi o dedutivo e o método de procedimento foi o monográfico. Em linhas gerais, as principais conclusões apontam para o fato de que o pluralismo jurídico é uma das consequências da retração do Estado diante do surgimento de novas forças (paralelas) que fomentam a criação de um direito supra estatal. Então, a tendência é o aumento da organização e da aplicação de regras criadas pelo cidadão objetivando o tratamento de conflitos.
CARTOGRAFANDO PRÁTICAS PEDAGÓGICAS DE EDUCADORAS/ES DA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL DE LAVRAS-MG: O DESÁGUE DAS ARTES A PARTIR DO 145º FÓRUM SUL MINEIRO DE EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Máximo Buscácio Alana , Pinto Gonçalves dos Reis Fábio , Ribeiro Cláudia Maria 
Published: May 2021

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo cartografar o processo de formação dos/as educadores/as do município de Lavras-MG a partir do contexto do 145º Fórum Sul Mineiro da Educação Infantil, cuja temática foi “A Arte no Currículo Referência de Minas Gerais: transformando realidades em possibilidades”. O trabalho justifica-se pela importância de problematizar a formação continuada de educadores/as, assim como as experiências artísticas desenvolvidas com professores/as, monitores/as e crianças da Educação Infantil. Mergulha-se nas encantarias do imaginário, com a intenção de trazer até a superfície, “coisas existentes” e que nem sempre são valorizadas, para apreciação de todos/as. Optou-se por cartografar esse processo: produções artísticas das crianças, fala de educadores/as e utilizar uma entrevista semiestruturada, além da Análise Documental do material constituinte deste FSMEI. O material empírico recolhido é analisado, junto aos documentos norteadores das ações, visando problematizar e destacar como ocorreu todo o processo de produção e formação continuada desses/as profissionais.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Experiências. Formação Continuada. Artes. Educação Infantil.
Life-Threatening Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage of Steroid-Induced Hepatic Adenomas in a Healthy Man
Authors: Nugent Timothy S. , Donlon Noel , Kelly Michael , Iqbal Masood , Murphy Noelle , Ryan Mark , Maguire Donal 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Hepatocellular adenomas are uncommon benign epithelial tumors of the liver that are associated with several risk factors such as anabolic androgens and oral contraceptive pills. They may present as incidental findings, with abdominal pain or hemorrhage. This case report details the presentation and management of a life-threatening hepatocellular adenomas hemorrhage in a seemingly healthy 28-year-old man. After initial conservative management, a clinical deterioration prompted urgent reevaluation and successful embolization of the liver through transarterial embolization. As oral contraceptive pills use and anabolic steroid abuse have become more prevalent in recent decades, we may begin to see more of these presentations.