bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Joaquín costa como sociólogo histórico
Authors: Gómez Benito Cristóbal 
Published: July 2021

La mejor y más ajustada caracterización intelectual de Costa es como pensador y reformador social. Ese perfil está presente prácticamente en todos sus escritos, aún en los más (aparentemente) distantes de sus preocupaciones intelectuales principales, pero sobre todo se manifiesta en sus estudios más relevantes. En ellos se pone en evidencia la unidad, coherencia y sistematicidad de la obra y el pensamiento de Costa, como los mejores conocedores de su obra han puesto de manifiesto 3y como Ortí y Gómez Benito han venido sosteniendo desde hace tiempo y acreditándolo al exponer el conjunto de su pensamiento a partir de su núcleo y clave agrarista (Gómez Benito y Ortí, 1996; 1998; 2010) Como pensador social, Costa trata de explicar, estructuralmente, la génesis y el desarrollo de la formación social española contemporánea 5 y los problemas para constituirse en una nación moderna y de fundamentar científicamente sus programas de desarrollo político, económico y social nacional. En esta línea hay que considerar la opinión de José Ortega y Gasset cuando en 1911, con ocasión de la muerte del sociólogo altoaragonés, escribe: «lo científico en la obra de Costa es su concepción del problema español y sus sistemática respuesta»
The National Shipbuilding Research Program Improved Methods for the Generation of Full-Ship Simulation/Analysis Models
Authors: Boday A. , Moore Stewart 
Published: July 2021

Large full-ship engineering analyses and simulations are performed today in various disciplines. Such analysis models are almost always "hand-crafted" by skilled and experienced analysts. There is a need to improve upon the time, cost, and skill mix required to create such large-scale ship models. In order to perform a full ship computational analysis, the engineering analyst must have or create an analysis-ready model. Following current work practices, a computer-aided design (CAD) database of the vessel is created, primarily for design disclosure and manufacturing rather than for analysis. Consequently, the model may not be suitable or easily modified to create an analysis-ready model. Several thousand man hours are required to obtain data and prepare a model that is usable for analyses. Furthermore, solely expanding use of modeling and simulation tools, without accompanying changes in the model generation approach, will not deliver significant savings. Model generation is a complex effort and often is the major cost of full ship analysis.
The authors present a summary of several National Shipbuilding Research Program (NSRP) efforts which support ship design and analysis automation from the early concept to the detailed stages. These unique approaches focus on supporting multilevel modeling fidelity within a flexible design environment at the earliest stages of ship concept formulation by implementing a more computer-aided engineering (CAE) centric approach, in which data is captured at the beginning of the ship design cycle, thus having the most cost effective impact as ship design progresses through the ship’s lifecycle.
Maintaining Marine Diesel Emissions Using Performance Monitoring
Authors: Roeser Herbert , Kalyankar Dilip 
Published: July 2021

Ships are an integral part of modern commercial transport, leisure travel, and military system. A diesel engine was used for the first time for the propulsion of a ship sometime in the 1910s and has been the choice for propulsion and power generation, ever since. Since the first model used in ship propulsion, the diesel engine has come a long way with several technological advances. A diesel engine has a particularly high thermal efficiency. Added to it, the higher energy density of the diesel fuel compared to gasoline fuel makes it inherently, the most efficient internal combustion engine. The modern diesel engine also has a very unique ability to work with a variety of fuels like diesel, heavy fuel oil, biodiesel, vegetable oils, and several other crude oil distillates which is very important considering the shortage of petroleum fuels that we face today.
In spite of being highly efficient and popular and in spite of all the technological advances, the issue of exhaust gas emissions has plagued a diesel engine. This issue has gained a lot of importance since 1990s when IMO, EU, and the EPA came up with the Tier I exhaust gas emission norms for the existing engine in order to reduce the NOx and SOx. Harsher Tier II and Tier III norms were later announced for newer engines. Diesel fuels commonly used in marine engines are a form of residual fuel, also know as Dregs or Heavy Fuel Oil and are essentially the by products of crude oil distillation process used to produce lighter petroleum fuels like marine distillate fuel and gasoline. They are cheaper than marine distillate fuels but are also high in nitrogen, sulfur and ash content. This greatly increases the NOx and SOx in the exhaust gas emission. Ship owners are trapped between the need to use residual fuels, due to cost of the large volume of fuel consumed, in order to keep the operation of their ships to a competitive level on one hand and on the other hand the need to satisfy the stringent pollution norms as established by the pollution control agencies worldwide.
Newer marine diesel engines are being designed to meet the Tier II and Tier III norms wherever applicable but the existing diesel engine owners are still operating their engines with the danger of not meeting the applicable pollution norms worldwide. Here we make an effort to look at some of the measure that the existing marine diesel engine owners can take to reduce emissions and achieve at least levels prescribed in Tier I. Proper maintenance and upkeep of the engine components can be effectively used to reduce the exhaust gas emission. We introduced a pilot program on diesel engine performance monitoring in North America about two years ago and it has yielded quite satisfying results for several shipping companies and more and more ship owners are looking at the option of implementing this program on their ships.
Experiences and perspectives of chiropractic students graduating from an alternate admission track plan
Authors: Strutin Norman B. , Ray Suzanne L. , Straub David , Odierna Donna , Smith Monica 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveThis study explored self-reported experiences of alternate admission track plan (AATP) students who completed a chiropractic training program at a US chiropractic college.MethodsOur institution conducted semistructured exit interviews with 16 graduating AATP students. Our consensus-drafted open-ended interview questions probed in-depth for these students' experience throughout the training program, with national board exams, their personal characteristics, their satisfaction with the training program generally, and with the AATP program specifically. We employed a content analysis to identify themes and patterns of responses across the blinded deidentified interview transcripts. We used a combination of deductive coding based on our interview guides, and inductive coding to identify newly emerging subthemes.ResultsPerceived facilitators of student success were strong commitment to chiropractic, cooperative, and supportive environment (eg, student study groups and a highly committed faculty), work ethic, and time management skills. Although many recommended that AATP entrants without science backgrounds take prerequisite courses in biology and chemistry, they also observed that a capable student could dedicate the time and effort to obtain the needed information via available college resources.ConclusionGraduating AATP students were positive about the AATP program overall, and their preparation for national board exams and for clinical practice. They greatly valued the opportunity to accelerate their entrance into chiropractic college. A major limitation of this study is that the perspectives of AATP students who did not complete the doctor of chiropractic program are not represented in these interviews of graduating students.
Plant type I metacaspases are proteolytically active proteases despite their hydrophobic nature
Authors: van Midden Katarina Petra , Peric Tanja , Klemenčič Marina 
Published: July 2021

Plant metacaspases type I (MCA‐Is), the closest structural homologs of caspases, are key proteases in stress‐induced regulated cell death processes in plants. However, no plant MCA‐Is have been characterized in vitro to date. Here, we show that only plant MCA‐Is contain a highly hydrophobic loop within the C terminus of their p10 domain. When removed, soluble and proteolytically active plant MCA‐Is can be designed and recombinantly produced. We show that the activity of MCA‐I depends on calcium ions and that removal of the hydrophobic loop does not affect cleavage and covalent binding to its inhibitor SERPIN. This novel approach will finally allow the development of tools to detect and manipulate the activity of these cysteine proteases in vivo and in planta.
MRI‐TRUS registration methodology for TRUS‐guided HDR prostate brachytherapy
Authors: McGeachy Philip , Watt Elizabeth , Husain Siraj , Martell Kevin , Martinez Pedro , Sawhney Summit , Thind Kundan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeHigh‐dose‐rate (HDR) prostate brachytherapy is an established technique for whole‐gland treatment. For transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)‐guided HDR prostate brachytherapy, image fusion with a magnetic resonance image (MRI) can be performed to make use of its soft‐tissue contrast. The MIM treatment planning system has recently introduced image registration specifically for HDR prostate brachytherapy and has incorporated a Predictive Fusion workflow, which allows clinicians to attempt to compensate for differences in patient positioning between imaging modalities. In this study, we investigate the accuracy of the MIM algorithms for MRI‐TRUS fusion, including the Predictive Fusion workflow.Materials and MethodsA radiation oncologist contoured the prostate gland on both TRUS and MRI. Four registration methodologies to fuse the MRI and the TRUS images were considered: rigid registration (RR), contour‐based (CB) deformable registration, Predictive Fusion followed by RR (pfRR), and Predictive Fusion followed by CB deformable registration (pfCB). Registrations were compared using the mean distance to agreement and the Dice similarity coefficient for the prostate as contoured on TRUS and the registered MRI prostate contour.ResultsTwenty patients treated with HDR prostate brachytherapy at our center were included in this retrospective evaluation. For the cohort, mean distance to agreement was 2.1 ± 0.8 mm, 0.60 ± 0.08 mm, 2.0 ± 0.5 mm, and 0.59 ± 0.06 mm for RR, CB, pfRR, and pfCB, respectively. Dice similarity coefficients were 0.80 ± 0.05, 0.93 ± 0.02, 0.81 ± 0.03, and 0.93 ± 0.01 for RR, CB, pfRR, and pfCB, respectively. The inclusion of the Predictive Fusion workflow did not significantly improve the quality of the registration.ConclusionsThe CB deformable registration algorithm in the MIM treatment planning system yielded the best geometric registration indices. MIM offers a commercial platform allowing for easier access and integration into clinical departments with the potential to play an integral role in future focal therapy applications for prostate cancer.
Designing Semipermeable Hydrogel Shells with Controlled Thickness through Internal Osmosis in Triple‐Emulsion Droplets
Authors: Lee Sangmin , Che Biao , Tai Meiling , Li Wanzhao , Kim Shin‐Hyun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHydrogel shells that compartmentalize the water core from the aqueous surrounding provide molecular selectivity on size and charge in transmembrane transport. It is highly demanding to produce thin hydrogel shells to minimize diffusion length and maximize core volume. Here, internal osmosis in water‐in‐oil‐in‐water‐in‐oil (W/O/W/O) triple‐emulsion droplets is used to produce thin hydrogel shells enclosing a large water core. The triple‐emulsion droplets are prepared to have an ultrathin middle oil layer using a capillary microfluidic device. The innermost water droplet has a higher osmolarity than the outer water layer containing photopolymerizable hydrogel precursors, which pumps water from the outer layer to the core through the ultrathin oil layer by the osmosis. Therefore, the outer layer gets thinner and hydrogel precursors are enriched while the size of the triple‐emulsion droplets remains unchanged. Through photopolymerization of precursors and phase transfer from oil to water, hydrogel shells enclosing water core are produced in the water environment; the oil layer is ruptured for molecular exchange through the shells. The thickness and composition of the hydrogel shells are precisely controllable by the osmotic conditions. The shells show a high permeation rate due to the thinness as well as controlled cut‐off threshold of permeation for neutral and charged molecules.
Reproducible and Sensitive Plasmonic Sensing Platforms Based on Au‐Nanoparticle‐Internalized Nanodimpled Substrates
Authors: Dang Hajun , Park Sung‐Gyu , Wu Yixuan , Choi Namhyun , Yang Jun‐Yeong , Lee Seunghun , Joo Sang‐Woo , Chen Lingxin , Choo Jaebum 
Published: July 2021

AbstractElectromagnetic enhancement effects through localized surface plasmon resonance considerably amplify the intensity of incident light when molecules are positioned in the vicinity of miniscule nanogaps. The aggregation of plasmonic nanoparticles synthesized using bottom‐up methods has been extensively used to generate hot spots in solutions. These methods assist in obtaining non‐periodic plasmonic signals, because the realization of uniform nanogaps through particle aggregation is difficult. Nanostructured substrates with gaps of 20–100 nm have also been fabricated using the top‐down approach. However, the fabrication of smaller nanogap templates using these methods is difficult owing to high costs and low throughput. Therefore, a nanodimple array internalized with AuNPs is developed in this study to mitigate the challenges encountered in the bottom‐up and top‐down approaches. Precise nanogaps are generated by regularly internalizing AuNPs in the cavities of nanodimples through DNA hybridization. Simulations of the electric field distribution indicate that the incorporation of 80 nm‐sized AuNPs into a curved nanodimpled Au substrate generate high‐density volumetric hot spots within a detection volume, and result in a high plasmonic enhancement factor of 8.25 × 107. The tremendous potential of the proposed plasmonic platform as an SERS‐based biomedical diagnostic device is also verified.
17.6%‐Efficient Quasiplanar Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells from a Chlorinated 3D Network Acceptor
Authors: Chen Hui , Zhao Tingxing , Li Long , Tan Pu , Lai Hanjian , Zhu Yulin , Lai Xue , Han Liang , Zheng Nan , Guo Liang , He Feng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs) have achieved great success because they overcome the shortcomings of short exciton diffusion distances. With the progress in material innovation and device technology, the efficiency of BHJ devices is continually being improved. For some special photovoltaic material systems, it is difficult to manipulate the miscibility and morphology of blend films, and this results in moderate, even poor device performance. Quasiplanar heterojunction (Q‐PHJ) OSCs have been proposed to exploit the excellent photovoltaic properties of these materials. An OSC with BTIC‐BO‐4Cl has a 3D interpenetrating network structure with multiple channels that can facilitate the exciton diffusion and charge transport, and BTIC‐BO‐4Cl is therefore a good candidate for Q‐PHJ OSCs. In this work, a D18:BTIC‐BO‐4Cl‐based Q‐PHJ device is fabricated. The exciton diffusion lengths of D18 and BTIC‐BO‐4Cl are in accord with the requirements of the Q‐PHJ device and the efficiency of Q‐PHJ device is as high as 17.60%. This study indicates that the Q‐PHJ architecture can replace the BHJ architecture to produce excellent OSCs for certain unique donors and acceptors, providing an alternative approach to photovoltaic material design and device fabrication.
Photochemical Synthesis of Nonplanar Small Molecules with Ultrafast Nonradiative Decay for Highly Efficient Phototheranostics
Authors: Li Xiaozhen , Zhang Di , Lu Guihong , He Tingchao , Wan Yingpeng , Tse Man‐Kit , Ren Can , Wang Pengfei , Li Shengliang , Luo Jingdong , Lee Chun‐Sing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere has been much recent progress in the development of photothermal agents (PTAs) for biomedical and energy applications. Synthesis of organic PTAs typically involves noble metal catalysts and high temperatures. On the other hand, photochemical synthesis, as an alternative and green chemical technology, has obvious merits such as low cost, energy efficiency, and high yields. However, photochemical reactions have rarely been employed for the synthesis of PTAs. Herein, a facile and high‐yield photochemical reaction is exploited for synthesizing nonplanar small molecules (NSMs) containing strong Michler's base donors and a tricyanoquinodimethane acceptor as high‐performance PTAs. The synthesized NSMs show interesting photophysical properties including good absorption for photons of over 1000 nm wavelength, high near‐infrared extinction coefficients, and excellent photothermal performance. Upon assembling the NSMs into nanoparticles (NSMN), they exhibit good biocompatibility, high photostability, and excellent photothermal conversion efficiency of 75%. Excited‐state dynamic studies reveal that the NSMN has ultrafast nonradiative decay after photoexcitation. With these unique properties, the NSMN achieves efficient in vivo photoacoustic imaging and photothermal tumor ablation. This work demonstrates the superior potential of photochemical reactions for the synthesis of high‐performance molecular PTAs.
Spray‐Pyrolyzed High‐k Zirconium‐Aluminum‐Oxide Dielectric for High Performance Metal‐Oxide Thin‐Film Transistors for Low Power Displays
Authors: Islam Md Mobaidul , Saha Jewel Kumer , Hasan Md. Mehedi , Kim Junyeong , Bukke Ravindra Naik , Ali Arqum , Jang Jin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA high‐k, zirconium‐aluminum‐oxide (ZAO) gate insulator (GI) using low‐cost spray pyrolysis technique for large area and low power electronics is demonstrated. The high‐quality spray‐pyrolyzed ZAO GI is obtained with subsequent oxidation by eco‐friendly Ar/O2 plasma treatment. Analyses reveal that only one cycle Ar/O2 plasma treatment significantly enhances the thin‐film and dielectric properties of ZAO, exhibiting improved mass density (4.16 g cm−3), smooth surface roughness (0.32 nm), low leakage current density (2.26 × 10−6 A cm−2), high breakdown electric field (5.15 MV cm−1), and negligible frequency‐dependent capacitance. Hysteresis free, amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide (a‐IGZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) with ZAO GI exhibit a field‐effect mobility of 15.04 cm2 V−1 s−1, threshold voltage of 1.46 V, subthreshold swing of 115 mV dec−1, ION/IOFF ratio of 7.54 × 108, and negligible positive bias stress. The highly reliable a‐IGZO TFTs performances are achieved due to the significant reduction of oxygen‐related defects at the dielectric/semiconductor interface. The TFT inverter and an eleven‐stage ring oscillator have been demonstrated with ZAO/a‐IGZO TFTs, exhibiting a high voltage gain of 58, oscillation frequency of 2.43 MHz, and signal propagation delay of 18.7 ns at a supply voltage of 6 V, confirming the benefit of spray‐pyrolyzed high‐k ZAO dielectric for low power displays.
Improved Treatment on Ocular Inflammation with Rationally Designed Thermoresponsive Nanocomposite Formulation
Authors: Zhang Shaohua , Fang Yanwen , Sun Jianguo , Deng Yonghui , Lu Yi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCataract is the principal cause of preventable blindness in older people globally. Intraocular surgeries stimulate multiple postoperative inflammatory responses. The current clinical treatment by dropping prednisolone acetate (PA) and levofloxacin (LF) suffers from drawbacks, such as low bioavailability and poor patient compliance. This study aims to develop a rationally designed thermoresponsive formulation combining PA and LF using nancomposites of mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) and thermo‐nanogel (thermogel) (PA@MSN‐LF@Thermogel). The in vitro release profiles of PA and LF from PA@MSN‐LF@Thermogel are tailor‐made to adapt to wound healing by a sustained release of 28 days. PA@MSN‐LF@Thermogel exhibits little cytotoxicity to human Tenon's fibroblasts and human corneal epithelial cells, while presents excellent in vitro antibacterial effectiveness to Staphylococcus bacteria. After implanted into the rabbit eye by a subconjunctival injection, PA@MSN‐LF@Thermogel displays overwhelming anti‐inflammatory and antibacterial effectiveness up to 21 days using only one‐eighth of the total dose, compared with PA and LF eye drops. The formulation does not cause any ocular hypertension and noticeable histopathological abnormality which indicate good biosafety. This thermoresponsive nanocomposite formulation is thus a promising drug delivery alternative for treatment of postoperative inflammation after intraocular surgeries.
RRM2 Regulates Sensitivity to Sunitinib and PD‐1 Blockade in Renal Cancer by Stabilizing ANXA1 and Activating the AKT Pathway
Authors: Xiong Wei , Zhang Bin , Yu Haixin , Zhu Liang , Yi Lu , Jin Xin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a malignant tumor of the kidneys. Approximately 70% of RCC cases are clear cell renal cell carcinoma with von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) gene mutation and activation of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting VEGF have emerged as promising agents for RCC treatment. Apart from primary resistance, acquired resistance to TKIs after initial tumor regression is common in RCC. Recently, immune checkpoint inhibition, including PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade, alone or in combination with TKIs has improved the overall survival of patients with RCC. Ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2 (RRM2) has been reported in many types of cancer and has been implicated in tumor progression. However, the role of RRM2 in TKIs resistance in RCC remains unclear. In this study, the authors have demonstrated that RRM2 is upregulated in sunitinib‐resistant RCC cells and patient tissues. They also find that RRM2 stabilizes ANXA1 and activates the AKT pathway independent of its ribonucleotide reductase activity, promoting sunitinib resistance in RCC. Moreover, RRM2 regulated antitumor immune responses, and knockdown of RRM2 enhance the anti‐tumor efficiency of PD‐1 blockade in renal cancer. Collectively, these results suggest that aberrantly expressed RRM2 may be a promising therapeutic target for RCC.