bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Working effectively and living contentedly in a foreign country: what human capital do expatriates require and develop?
Authors: Valk Reimara 
Published: April 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the human capital (HC) expatriates require and develop during an international assignment (IA) to work effectively and live contentedly in a host country.Design/methodology/approachQualitative research entailing interviews with 78 expatriates and repatriates across the globe, investigating the competencies they developed and the HC they gained during their IAs.FindingsFive interrelated competence clusters were derived: cultural competence (CC); interpersonal competence; intrapersonal competence; global business competence; global leadership competence, each containing competencies crucial for expatriate success.Research limitations/implicationsThis study relied on self-reports by expatriates and repatriates. Future research should also include senior/line managers and chief human resource officers from a range of organizations across the world to gather their assessments on the competencies and HC of expatriates and repatriates.Practical implicationsLine/HR managers can use the designed “Expatriate/Repatriate Human Capital model” to assess an individual's overall readiness and capacity to perform effectively in a foreign country and culture and consecutively identify and select the right candidates to undertake IAs.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the literature by presenting a HC model called the “Expatriate and Repatriate Human Capital Model; the body of competence”. The model identifies and defines the competencies/knowledge, skills, abilities and other characteristics (KSAOs) required for intercultural effectiveness and expatriate success and serves as a tool for the selection, training, development and performance evaluation of expatriates and repatriates, in order to aid the accomplishment of individual and organizational objectives.
The influence of symbolic and instrumental attributes of employer image on perceived industry attractiveness: differences between business owners and employees
Authors: Schwaiger Katrin , Zehrer Anita , Spiess Teresa 
Published: April 2021

PurposeThis study determines the influence of employer image on industry attractiveness in small and medium-sized hospitality firms by using the instrumental-symbolic framework adapted from marketing literature.Design/methodology/approachA total of 405 employees and 429 family firm owners in Bavaria were surveyed using a quantitative research design. The authors used linear and hierarchical multiple regression analyses for hypothesis testing using the variables included in the instrumental-symbolic employer image framework.FindingsThe study revealed differences in perception between employees and owners. Data showed that employees' ratings for instrumental attributes, such as job security and income options, and symbolic attributes, such as industry attractiveness, significantly differ from those of owners. Consistent with the instrumental-symbolic framework, owners' perceptions of symbolic attributes predicted their perceived industry attractiveness.Practical implicationsOwners may examine how their industry's image needs to be changed to gain positive perception by current and potential employees. Policymakers may benefit from the study’s results that may help them find the right focal points for strategies in promoting Bavaria's hospitality sector. As a result, an adequate and positive image is created that attracts workers for this sector.Originality/valueThe study addresses the rather under-researched stakeholder group of existing hospitality employees, particularly with respect to employer image. Furthermore, owners and employees are compared, regardless of their individually different relationships to the business. Employer image is connected with overall perceived industry attractiveness, stating that the industry comprises individual employing businesses and thus depends on employer image.
A relational analysis of drivers and barriers of lean manufacturing
Authors: Patel Bharat Singh , Sambasivan Murali , Panimalar R. , Hari Krishna R. 
Published: April 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to categorize and analyse the drivers and barriers of Lean Manufacturing (LM) and subsequently, based on the structural model develop a house of lean management which will give an idea to the academicians and practitioners about the factors that are critical to implement lean practices in an organization.Design/methodology/approachA list of drivers and barriers was prepared based on the literature review and opinions from experts. Total Interpretive Structural Modelling (TISM) was utilized to build a structural hierarchy of the drivers and barriers of LM. The structural hierarchy was utilized to build the house of lean management.FindingsBased on the hierarchy developed, the elements (drivers and barriers) of LM are classified into three groups: bottom-level, middle-level and top-level elements. To develop a house of lean management, bottom-level of elements were considered as a foundation, middle-level elements were considered as pillars and top-level elements were considered as a beam. Finally, foundation, pillars and beam of the house were used to support the roof (which is value to customers and profitability to firm).Practical implicationsThe outcome of this research can assist researchers as well as practitioners to enhance the significant drivers and to reduce the impact of hazardous barriers for the better implementation of lean practices.Originality/valueThis research is a novel approach, as it visibly demonstrates both the drivers and barriers, examines the interrelationships among them in order and shows them pictorially as the house of lean management.
The Purr‐fect Catch: Using accelerometers and audio recorders to document kill rates and hunting behaviour of a small prey specialist
Authors: Studd Emily K. , Derbyshire Rachael E. , Menzies Allyson K. , Simms John F. , Humphries Murray M. , Murray Dennis L. , Boutin Stan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Characterizing variation in predator behaviour and, specifically, quantifying kill rates is fundamental for parameterizing predator–prey and food web models. Yet, current methods for recording kill rates of free‐ranging predators, particularly those that consume small‐bodied (<2 kg) prey, present a number of associated challenges.

In this paper, we deployed custom‐adapted acoustic recorders and tri‐axial accelerometers on free‐ranging Canada lynx Lynx canadensis to assess the capacity of biologging devices to continuously document individual hunting behaviour, including prey selection and kill rates, on a predator that specializes on prey weighing <2 kg.

Automated classification of acoustic recordings captured 87% of snowshoe hare kills that were identified through snow‐tracking (26 of 31 kills). Classification of detailed acceleration recordings summarized over minutes, instead of seconds, captured consumption of snowshoe hare Lepus americanus, but not smaller species, at high accuracy (F1 = 0.96).

By summarizing acoustic and accelerometer data from free‐ranging lynx, we demonstrate the capacity of these devices to document within‐ and between‐individual variation in diet composition (ranging from 40% to 80% snowshoe hares) and daily feeding bouts (ranging from 0 to 3.5 bouts per day).

We suggest that acoustic recorders provide a promising method for characterizing several aspects of predator hunting behaviour including prey selection and chase outcomes, while broad‐scale accelerometer‐based behavioural classifications provide hare kill rates and fine‐scale non‐hunting behavioural information. Combined, the two technologies provide a means to remotely document both kills and feeding events of small‐bodied prey, allowing for individual‐based exploration of functional responses, predator–prey interactions and food web dynamics at temporal scales relevant to environmental change.
Interphysician weight bias: A cross‐sectional observational survey study to guide implicit bias training in the medical workplace
Authors: McLean Mary E. , McLean Leigh E. , McLean‐Holden Annie C. , Campbell Linelle F. , Horner Adriana M. , Kulkarni Miriam L. , Melville Laura D. , Fernandez Elizabeth A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesImplicit bias contributes to both health care disparities and professional limitations, and it exists among physicians. Prior literature has described physician weight bias (WB) toward patients, but little research has investigated interphysician WB. This study describes the prevalence of interphysician implicit WB and investigates the relationships between implicit, explicit, and professional biases. The authors hypothesized that the majority of physicians possess interphysician implicit WB and that the degree of implicit bias has a direct relationship with explicit and professional WB.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, a survey was used to measure interphysician implicit, explicit, and professional WB. It included adaptations of two previously validated measures (the Implicit Association Test and the Crandall Anti‐fat Attitudes Questionnaire) and an investigator developed and tested Professional Weight Bias Scale. The survey was distributed electronically via medical society message boards, email lists, and social media groups.ResultsA total of 620 physicians and medical students participated. Fifty‐eight percent were female, ages ranged from 22 to 83 years (mean = 44 years), and body mass index (BMI) ranged from 16 to 59 (mean = 26). Descriptive analyses revealed that 87% had some degree of implicit interphysician antifat bias, with 31% and 34% categorized as moderate and severe, respectively. Correlation and multiple regression analyses revealed that male sex, increased age, and decreased BMI were related to increased implicit bias, controlling for all other factors. Furthermore, implicit, explicit, and professional bias all had significant, direct relationships with each other.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the prevalence of interphysician implicit WB; the strong correlations between implicit, explicit, and professional WB; and the potential disparities faced by physicians with obesity. These results may be used to guide implicit bias training for a more inclusive medical workplace.
Optimum glide path motion is safer than continuous rotation of files in glide path preparation
Authors: Gavini Giulio , Akisue Eduardo , Kawakami Dirce Akemi Sacaguti , Caldeira Celso Luiz , Candeiro George Táccio de Miranda , Vivan Rodrigo Ricci , Calefi Pedro Henrique Souza , Alcalde Murilo Priori , Duarte Marco Antonio Húngaro 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study evaluated the resistance to flexural fatigue and torsional strength of files for glide path preparation in continuous rotation or Optimum Glide Path motion (OGP). ScoutRace 15.02 and ProGlider 16.02 files were used in a dynamic testing device during preparation of simulating curved root canals (40‐degree curvature and 5 mm radius). For the torsional test, a machine was used to test torsion measured maximum torsional strength (N.cm). Two‐way anova and Tukey’s multiple comparisons test were used for statistical analysis. Files in OGP motion had a statistically better resistance to flexural fatigue (P < 0.05). ProGlider files took longer time to failure than ScoutRace files only when OGP was used (P < 0.05). The torsional test revealed that OGP produced significantly less torsional stress than rotary motions for both types of glide path files (P < 0.05) In conclusion, OGP motion increased substantially the mechanical safety of endodontic glide path files.
Congressional Representation: Accountability from the Constituent's Perspective
Authors: Ansolabehere Stephen , Kuriwaki Shiro 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe premise that constituents hold representatives accountable for their legislative decisions undergirds political theories of democracy and legal theories of statutory interpretation. But studies of this at the individual level are rare, examine only a handful of issues, and arrive at mixed results. We provide an extensive assessment of issue accountability at the individual level. We trace the congressional roll‐call votes on 44 bills across seven Congresses (2006–18), and link them to constituent's perceptions of their representative's votes and their evaluation of their representative. Correlational, instrumental variables, and experimental approaches all show that constituents hold representatives accountable. A one‐standard deviation increase in a constituent's perceived issue agreement with their representative can improve net approval by 35 percentage points. Congressional districts, however, are heterogeneous. Consequently, the effect of issue agreement on vote is much smaller at the district level, resolving an apparent discrepancy between micro and macro studies.
CEO personality and language use in CSR reporting
Authors: Mahmoudian Fereshteh , Nazari Jamal A. , Gordon Irene M. , Hrazdil Karel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe explore the relationship between chief executive officer (CEO) personality traits and corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting. Upper echelons theory indicates that the values, experiences, and personalities of top organizational managers influence their organization's strategic decisions and effectiveness. We utilize IBM Watson Personality Insights software to infer CEOs’ personality traits based on their responses to questions raised by analysts during year‐end conference calls; we obtain CEOs’ Big Five personality traits—openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism—from which we compute a measure of their risk tolerance. Using a longitudinal dataset of Standard and Poor's 500 firms for 2008–2015, we document that high CEO risk tolerance is related to lower CSR report readability and smaller CSR disclosure volume. This finding indicates that executives who are comfortable with greater risk are more willing to supply stakeholders with reports that are shorter and require greater effort to understand. Exploration of the association between CEO Big Five personality traits and CSR report readability and disclosure volume allows key stakeholders to better comprehend CSR disclosures and connotations thereof. Overall, our results contribute to the debate on how CEO personality traits affect organizations’ CSR disclosure reporting strategies, and support upper echelons theory in the CSR setting.
Evolution of sexual dimorphism and polychromatism in a lineage of tiger moths (Lepidoptera: Erebidae): advancing knowledge of a taxonomically chaotic group
Authors: Moraes Simeão de Souza , Murillo‐Ramos Leidys , Duarte Marcelo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPericopina is divided into 36 genera, with the greatest diversity recorded in the Neotropics. Studies on the taxonomy and systematics of pericopines are scarce, and one of the few phylogenetic hypotheses available in the literature places some Afro‐Indo‐Malayan lineages among the Neotropical representatives. Through a survey of adult morphological characters, we analyzed the phylogenetic relationships in Pericopina including Nyctemera and other Afro‐Indo‐Malayan genera as putative members of this subtribe. Additionally, we tested the monophyly of Dysschema, a key genus to understanding the evolutionary patterns of the extreme sexual dimorphism and polychromatism in Pericopina. Our cladistic analysis, based on 162 morphological characters, suggests that Pericopina is a polyphyletic group. Xenosoma is the only genus among the Neotropical pericopines related to the Afro‐Indo‐Malayan species; Scearctia is closely related to Lithosiini, and Pteroodes shows morphological similarities with Phaegopterina. Additionally, Seileria is a new junior subjective synonym of Thyrgis. The monophyly of Dysschema is supported only if the monotypic genera Myserla and Are are included. These are herein designated new synonyms of Dysschema. Our findings suggest that intersexual polychromatism and intersexual polymorphism for wing characters have arisen multiple times in the evolutionary history of Pericopina. Intersexual polychromatism is also widely distributed within Dysschema, perhaps representing a derived feature with multiple origins in the genus.
Marine reserves, fisheries ban, and 20 years of positive change in a coral reef ecosystem
Authors: Mumby Peter J. , Steneck Robert S. , Roff George , Paul Valerie J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBy 2004, Belize was exhibiting classic fishing down of the food web. Groupers (Serranidae) and snappers (Lutjanidae) were scarce and fisheries turned to parrotfishes (Scarinae), leading to a 41% decline in their biomass. Several policies were enacted in 2009–2010, including a moratorium on fishing parrotfish and a new marine park with no‐take areas. Using a 20‐year time series on reef fish and benthos, we evaluated the impact of these policies approximately 10 years after their implementation. Establishment of the Southwater Caye Marine Reserve led to a recovery of snapper at 2 out of 3 sites, but there was no evidence of recovery outside the reserve. Snapper populations in an older reserve continued to increase, implying that at least 9 years is required for their recovery. Despite concerns over the feasibility of banning parrotfish harvest once it has become a dominant fin fishery, parrotfishes returned and exceeded biomass levels prior to the fishery. The majority of these changes involved an increase in parrotfish density; species composition and adult body size generally exhibited little change. Recovery occurred equally well in reserves and areas open to other forms of fishing, implying strong compliance. Temporal trends in parrotfish grazing intensity were strongly negatively associated with the cover of macroalgae, which by 2018 had fallen to the lowest levels observed since measurements began in 1998. Coral populations remained resilient and continued to exhibit periods of net recovery after disturbance. We found that a moratorium on parrotfish harvesting is feasible and appears to help constrain macroalgae, which can otherwise impede coral resilience.
The utility of ThyroSeq® in the management of indeterminate thyroid nodules by fine‐needle aspiration
Authors: Li Wencheng , Justice‐Clark Tracy , Cohen Michael B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe aim to evaluate the impact of ThyroSeq® in the management of indeterminate thyroid nodules (ITN), including Bethesda III and IV nodules.MethodsITNs that underwent ThyroSeq testing between 2016 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. A control cohort included ITNs without molecular testing. Cytological, molecular, and histological data were collected.ResultsWe identified 202 ITNs that underwent molecular testing (128 in Bethesda III and 74 in Bethesda IV). Mutations were found in 58 nodules with mutation rates of 21.9% in Bethesda III and 40.5% in Bethesda IV. In this cohort, 49 cases had surgical resection with a resection rate of 24.3% (49/202, 15.6% in Bethesda III and 39.2% in Bethesda IV). Among the resected cases, 42 cases had positive molecular results. Thyroid cancer was diagnosed in 21 nodules with a malignancy detection rate of 10.4%. In the other cohort, we identified 236 ITNs (158 in Bethesda III and 78 in Bethesda IV). Surgical resection was performed in 127 cases, with a resection rate of 53.8% (127/236, 46.2% in Bethesda III and 69.2% in Bethesda IV). Thyroid cancer was diagnosed in 21 nodules, with a malignancy detection rate of 8.9%. The risk of malignancy (ROM) recalculated based on positive ThyroSeq results was significantly higher (21.4%‐35.5% in Bethesda III and 50%‐60% in Bethesda IV) than that without molecular testing (4.4%‐9.6% in Bethesda III and 17.9%‐25.9% in Bethesda IV).ConclusionWe concluded that ThyroSeq significantly decreased the surgical resection rate (from 53.8% to 24.3%) without significantly affecting the malignancy detection rate in ITNs. Furthermore, positive molecular testing significantly increased ROM in ITNs. We believe that the recalculated ROM should be incorporated into the management of ITNs.
False positive cases in thyroid cytopathology – the experience of a single laboratory and a systematic review
Authors: Mezei Tibor , Kolcsár Melinda , Pașcanu Ionela , Vielh Philippe 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionFine needle aspiration (FNA) is fundamental in the pre‐operative assessment of thyroid nodules. However, the shining success of thyroid FNA is occasionally eclipsed by false positive (FP) cytological diagnoses. We describe our experience regarding FP cytological diagnoses and present a literature review concerning FP rates.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively analyzed 2031 consecutive cytology reports. FP was defined as a case with “suspicious for malignancy” or “malignant” cytology, whose surgical follow‐up failed to confirm the initial diagnosis of malignancy. We used the PubMed database for the literature review using specific search terms (“thyroid”, “cytology”, “false positive”).ResultsOut of 2031 FNA reports, 93 cases with “suspicious for malignancy” or “malignant” cytology underwent surgical excision. Histopathology did not confirm malignancy in 10 cases (0.6% FP rate). Nodules with FP cytology were significantly larger (P = 0.0024) than those with with TP (true positive) cytology. A review of 25 publications shows comparable results to ours with some slight differences. The majority of studies achieve a FP rate below 3%. Most FP cytological diagnoses turn out to be non‐neoplastic lesions (nodular hyperplasia, adenomatous nodule, lymphocytic thyroiditis), which combined account for 80.5% of all histological diagnoses.ConclusionsThyroid nodules with FP cytology were larger than nodules with TP cytology. Most studies manage to adhere to the recommended FP rates, or values close to them, with some outliers. Nevertheless, the mean FP rate values are very close to the value recommended by The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC). The FP rate value depends on how one defines true negative cases, which can be either histologically proven benign cases, via a benign clinical course, or by assuming that cytologically benign cases remain as such.
Impact test behavior of aluminum alloys welded joints: Experimental and numerical analysis
Authors: Frutos Martínez José A. , Ambriz Ricardo R. , Naït‐Abdelaziz Moussa , Jaramillo David 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Charpy impact test behavior of base metal, weld metal, and heat‐affected zone for 6061‐T6 and 7075‐T651 aluminum alloy welds was analyzed. Force versus time curves of welded joints were obtained by means of an instrumented Charpy pendulum. An explicit finite element model was implemented to evaluate the performance of the Cowper–Symonds constitutive model. Parameters were obtained through a strain‐rate‐sensitivity analysis of base metals at high strain rates. Experimental results were compared with those computed by finite element method (FEM) by assuming the same physical and geometrical conditions of the dynamic‐experimental tests. ANSYS‐LS DYNA was used to achieve the FEM simulations. The comparison between experimental and FEM results in terms of force versus time data was evaluated. Higher accuracies were observed in Al 7075‐T651 alloy (roughly 98%). The 6061‐T6 alloy has shown an approximation of about 90%. Discrepancies are explained in terms of the effective plastic strain at fracture.