bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘I hang out with non‐Christians all the time. I just won't date them’: The role of religion in the intimate lives of adults with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Santinele Martino Alan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundA limited number of studies have explored religion's role in the intimate lives of adults with intellectual disabilities. This paper illustrates how religion, both of disabled people and those around them (e.g., family members, support workers), can shape the attitudes and experiences of disabled people toward sexuality.MethodThis paper draws on in‐depth interviews with adults with intellectual disabilities and support workers from two exploratory projects in Canada.ResultsParticipants with intellectual disabilities talked about how religion provided a network that served to counter their social isolation and a pool of potential intimate partners, as well as some guidance for maintaining relationships. Support workers discussed the influence of organisational values in their practices related to sexuality.ConclusionsReligion shapes disabled sexualities in various ways, sometimes supporting or constraining sexual expression. This paper invites disability scholars to consider religion when researching the intimate lives of disabled people.
Does the impact of parental death vary by parental socioeconomic status? A study of children's educational and occupational attainment
Authors: Barclay Kieron , Hällsten Martin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe examine whether parental death differentially affects educational and occupational attainment by the socioeconomic status of the parent who dies and the socioeconomic status of the surviving parent and extended kin.BackgroundAn extensive literature has explored the main effect of parental death on offspring attainment, but few studies have examined socioeconomic differentials in the impact of parental death. Understanding the potential role of socioeconomic resources in compensating for disadvantage is important for understanding whether parental death and disadvantageous events more generally have an equalizing or exacerbating effect on socioeconomic differences in offspring socioeconomic attainment.MethodUsing Swedish population register data on cohorts born 1973–1982, grade point average at age 16, the transition from lower to upper‐secondary education, the transition to tertiary education, overall educational attainment, and occupational status by age 30 was examined. Families using antemortem parental socioeconomic trajectories were matched. Sibling fixed effects models were also employed.ResultsInconsistent results in between‐family regression analyses adjusting for observables were observed. In sibling fixed effects models, zero results for moderation by parents' occupations were shown.ConclusionLittle clear or convincing evidence that there are socioeconomic differentials in the impact of parental death in Sweden were found.ImplicationsThe Swedish welfare state may reduce socioeconomic differentials in the impact of parental death. However, the lack of socioeconomic variation may also be influenced by factors such as compensatory agency.
Projective mapping and ultra‐flash profile studies should include a list of descriptors and definitions: An investigation into descriptors used by untrained panelists
Authors: Moss Rachael , Healey Katie , Hayward Lydia , McSweeney Matthew B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractProjective mapping (PM) and ultra‐flash profile (UFP) have been used to evaluate various products, including wine. However, the meaning or definition of the descriptor participants use during a UFP task can be unknown. This study's objective was to have participants (n = 81) evaluate white wine (seven different wines and one duplicate sample) using PM and UFP. After completing the task, the 10 most commonly used descriptors were included in a survey, and the participants were asked to define the descriptors using open‐ended questions. The survey was sent to all participants, but only 62 participants completed it. The results of the survey indicated the participants used different definitions to define the descriptors. In future research using PM and UFP, sensory researchers could provide a list of descriptors and their definitions for the participants, especially when they are untrained, or ask the participants to concentrate on only one sensory modality (appearance, taste, aroma, mouthfeel).Practical ApplicationsProjective mapping and ultra‐flash profile trials can generate much information about a large number of products rapidly. However, these methods also have some limitations, including understanding the definition of the descriptors provided by the participants during the ultra‐flash profile task. This study hoped to overcome this limitation by asking the participants to complete a follow‐up survey to define the most frequently used descriptors from the ultra‐flash profile task. Unfortunately, the participants supplied contrasting definitions for the attributes. Future studies may want to supply the participants with a list of descriptors and definitions to lead to more consensus in the results.
Spatial farming systems diversity and micronutrient intakes of rural children in Ethiopia
Authors: Moges Tibebu , Brouwer Inge D. , Delbiso Tefera Darge , Remans Roseline , Baudron Frédéric , Belachew Tefera , Groot Jeroen C. J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOwn production contributes much of the food supply in smallholder production systems in low‐ and middle‐income countries like Ethiopia. Understanding the potential as well as constraints of these production systems in terms of nutrient supplies is thus a critical step to design interventions to improve nutrient intakes. The objectives of this study were (1) to assess the usual total intakes of vitamin A, iron and zinc among rural children and (2) to investigate whether the intakes these nutrients are associated with differences in the dominant farming systems between spatial clusters. Using nationally representative intake data of 4,902 children 6–35 months of age, usual intake and the proportion of inadequate intakes of vitamin A, iron and zinc were calculated. A multi‐level model was used to examine the association between individual‐level and cluster‐level variables with the usual total dietary intakes of these nutrients. The diet was dominated by starchy foods. Consumption of animal source foods, vitamin A‐rich fruits and vegetables was low. We found a high prevalence of inadequate intake of vitamin A and zinc (85.4% and 49.5%, respectively). Relatively, low prevalence of inadequate intake of iron (8.4%) was reported. The spatial farming systems diversity across the rural clusters explained 48.2%, 57.2% and 26.7% of the observed variation in the usual total dietary intakes of vitamin A, iron and zinc, respectively. Our findings indicated the importance of farming system diversity at the landscape level as one of the determinant factors for individual usual total dietary intakes of vitamin A, iron and zinc.
Magnetic resonance imaging‐guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy following contralateral radiofrequency thalamotomy for Parkinson's disease: A case report
Authors: Ito Hisashi , Shizuku Tatsunori , Aoki Sho , Yamamoto Kazuaki , Taira Takaomi , Yamaguchi Toshio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe report a 48‐year‐old, right‐handed man with Parkinson's disease (PD). Right‐hand tremor disappeared after radiofrequency (RF) left ventral intermediate nucleus (Vim) and ventro oralis nucleus thalamotomy; however, left‐hand tremor developed after RF thalamotomy. We performed magnetic resonance imaging‐guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) right Vim thalamotomy. The left‐hand medication‐refractory tremor disappeared immediately after the procedure without serious adverse events. MRgFUS Vim thalamotomy following contralateral RF thalamotomy could be one of the therapeutic options for bilateral tremor in PD patients.
Class II treatment effects with fixed functional appliances: Jasper jumper vs. Forsus fatigue resistant device
Authors: Pupulim Daniela Cubas , Henriques José Fernando Castanha , Freitas Karina Maria Salvatore , Fontes Fernanda Pinelli Henriques , Fernandes Thais Maria Freire 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to compare cephalometric changes of Class II malocclusion patients treated with Jasper Jumper and Forsus, associated with fixed appliances.MethodsThe sample consisted of 62 individuals divided into 3 groups: group 1 included 22 subjects with a mean initial age of 12.39 years, treated with Jasper Jumper associated with fixed appliances for a mean period of 2.43 years; group 2 included 19 subjects with a mean initial age of 12.43 years, treated with Forsus associated with fixed appliances for a mean period of 3.54 years; and group 3 included 22 Class II malocclusion untreated subjects at a mean age of 12.14 years, followed for a mean period of 1.78 years. Intergroup comparison was performed with one‐way ANOVA, followed by Tukey test.ResultsBoth treated groups had similar dentoskeletal changes: restrictive effect on the maxilla; clockwise rotation of the occlusal plane; mild increase in lower anterior facial height; limitation on the vertical development of the maxillary molars; labial tipping and intrusion of the mandibular incisors; extrusion of mandibular molars; improvements of the maxillomandibular relationship, overjet, overbite, molar relationship; and retrusion of the upper lip. The mandibular incisors exhibited greater protrusion in group 1 compared to the other groups. In addition, group 2 presented mild protrusion of the lower lip, and groups 1 and 3 showed mild retrusion.ConclusionThe Jasper Jumper and Forsus appliances were effective and showed similar changes in the treatment of Class II malocclusion.
Results from the blood donor competence, autonomy, and relatedness enhancement (blood donor CARE) randomized trial
Authors: France Christopher R. , France Janis L. , Himawan Lina K. , Fox Kristen R. , Livitz Irina E. , Ankawi Brett , Slepian P. Maxwell , Kowalsky Jennifer M. , Duffy Louisa , Kessler Debra A. , Rebosa Mark , Rehmani Shiraz , Frye Victoria , Shaz Beth H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to promote competence, autonomy, and relatedness among first‐time whole blood donors to enhance intrinsic motivation and increase retention.Study design and methodsUsing a full factorial design, first‐time donors (N = 2002) were randomly assigned to a no‐treatment control condition or to one of seven intervention conditions designed to promote donation competence, autonomy, relatedness, a combination of two (e.g., competence and autonomy), or all three constructs. Participants completed donor motivation measures before the intervention and 6 weeks later, and subsequent donation attempts were assessed for 1 year.ResultsThere was no significant group difference in the frequency of donation attempts or in the number of days to return. Significant effects of group were observed for 10 of the 12 motivation measures, although follow‐up analyses revealed significant differences from the control group were restricted to interventions that included an autonomy component. Path analyses confirmed direct associations between interventions involving autonomy and donor motivation, and indirect mediation of donation attempts via stronger donation intentions and lower donation anxiety.ConclusionAmong young, first‐time, whole blood donors, brief interventions that include support for donor autonomy were associated with direct effects on donor motivation and indirect, but small, effects on subsequent donation behavior.
Surveillance on respiratory diseases reveals enzootic circulation of both H5 and H9 avian influenza viruses in small‐scale commercial layer farms of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Mijanur , Nooruzzaman Mohammed , Kabiraj Congriev Kumar , Mumu Tanjin Tamanna , Das Priya Mohan , Chowdhury Emdadul Haque , Islam Mohammad Rafiqul 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPoultry production in Bangladesh has been experiencing H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) and H9N2 low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) for the last 14 years. Vaccination of chickens against H5 HPAI is in practice since the end of 2012. Subsequently, the official reporting of HPAI outbreaks gradually decreased. However, the true extent of circulation of avian influenza virus (AIV) in commercial poultry production is not clear. To explore this, we conducted active surveillance in 422 small‐scale commercial layer farms in 20 villages of Mymensingh and Tangail districts of Bangladesh during 2017 and 2018 for the presence of diseases with respiratory signs. A total of 88 farms with respiratory disease problems were identified and investigated during the surveillance. In addition, 22 small‐scale commercial layer farms in the neighbouring areas with respiratory disease problem were also investigated on request from the farmers. Pooled samples of oropharyngeal swabs from live birds or respiratory tissues from dead birds of the farm suffering from respiratory disease problem were tested for molecular detection of avian influenza virus (AIV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Avibacterium paragallinarum. A total of 110 farms (88 in the surveillance site and 22 in the neighbouring region) were investigated, and one or more respiratory pathogens were detected from 89 farms. AIV was detected in 57 farms often concurrently with other pathogens. Among these 57 farms, H5, H9, both H5 and H9 or non‐H5 and non‐H9 AIV were detected in 28, 9, 13 or 7 farms, respectively. Birds of most of the H5 AIV‐positive farms did not present typical clinical signs or high mortality. Twenty such farms were observed longitudinally, which had only 1.05%–5.50% mortality but a marked drop in egg production. This widespread circulation of H5 AIV along with H9 AIV and other pathogens in small‐scale commercial layer farms, often with low mortality, reaffirms the enzootic circulation of AIV in Bangladesh, which may escape syndromic surveillance focused on unusual mortality only. To reduce public health risks, strengthening of the control programme with comprehensive vaccination, enhanced biosecurity, improved surveillance and outbreak response is suggested.
Electromechanical Model-Based Adaptive Control of Multilayered Dielectric Elastomer Bending Actuator
Authors: Zhou Fanghao , He Jin , Zhang Mingqi , Xiao Youhua , Chen Zheng , Wong Tuck-Whye , Li Tiefeng , Xu Zhongbin , Luo Yingwu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Dielectric elastomer (DE) possesses attributes such as large deformation and fast response. As a typical DE actuating structure, the multilayered DE bending actuator (MDEBA) is lightweight and can actuate in relatively low voltage without a rigid frame and pre-stretch. These attributes arouse wide research interest in the MDEBA on the application of soft robots. However, due to its large deformation and nonlinear electromechanical dynamics, the control of MDEBA remains highly challenged. Considering the large bending deformation and gravity effect, we develop an electromechanical dynamic model-based control strategy, which can adaptively compensate for the parameter uncertainties during the actuation of MDEBA. Experimental results validate that this control strategy provides highly enhanced control performance compared to the proportional integral derivative (PID) controller. The electromechanical modeling method and dynamic control strategy may guide the further study of MDEBA, soft robots, and flexible devices.
Cyber-Physical System Implementation for Manufacturing With Analytics in the Cloud Layer
Authors: Parto Mahmoud , Urbina Coronado Pedro Daniel , Saldana Christopher , Kurfess Thomas 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Effective and efficient modern manufacturing operations require the acceptance and incorporation of the fourth industrial revolution, also known as Industry 4.0. Traditional shop floors are evolving their production into smart factories. To continue this trend, a specific architecture for the cyber-physical system is required, as well as a systematic approach to automate the application of algorithms and transform the acquired data into useful information. This work makes use of an approach that distinguishes three layers that are part of the existing Industry 4.0 paradigm: edge, fog, and cloud. Each of the layers performs computational operations, transforming the data produced in the smart factory into useful information. Trained or untrained methods for data analytics can be incorporated into the architecture. A case study is presented in which a real-time statistical control process algorithm based on control charts was implemented. The algorithm automatically detects changes in the material being processed in a computerized numerical control (CNC) machine. The algorithm implemented in the proposed architecture yielded short response times. The performance was effective since it automatically adapted to the machining of aluminum and then detected when the material was switched to steel. The data were backed up in a database that would allow traceability to the line of g-code that performed the machining.
Application of Wray–Agarwal Turbulence Model for Numerical Simulation of Gas-Solid Flows in Circulating Fluidized Bed Risers
Authors: Shao Yali , Agarwal Ramesh K. , Wang Xudong , Jin Baosheng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In recent decades, increasing attention has been paid on accurate modeling of circulating fluidized bed (CFB) risers to provide valuable guidance to design, optimization, and operation of reactors. Turbulence model plays an important role in the accurate prediction of complex gas-solid flows. Recently developed Wray–Agarwal (WA) model is a one-equation turbulence model with the advantages of high computational efficiency and competitive accuracy with two-equation models. In this paper for the first time, the Eulerian–Eulerian approach coupled with different turbulence models including WA model, standard κ–ɛ model, and shear stress transport (SST) κ–ω model is employed to simulate two-phase flows of gas phase and solid phase in two CFB risers, in order to assess accuracy and efficiency of WA model compared to other well-known two-equation models. Predicted gas-solid flow dynamic characteristics including the gas-solid volume fraction distributions in radial and axial directions, pressure profiles, and solid mass flux distributions are compared with data obtained from an experiment in detail. The results demonstrate that the WA model is very promising for accurate and efficient simulation of gas-solid multiphase flows.
Factors Impacting Highly Innovative Designs: Idea Fluency, Timing, and Order
Authors: Mirabito Yakira , Goucher-Lambert Kosa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOngoing work within the engineering design research community seeks to develop automated design methods and tools that enhance the natural capabilities of designers in developing highly innovative concepts. Central to this vision is the ability to first obtain a deep understanding of the underlying behavior and process dynamics that predict successful performance in early-stage concept generation. The objective of this research is to better understand the predictive factors that lead to improved performance during concept generation. In particular, this work focuses on the impact of idea fluency and timing of early-stage design concepts and their effect on overall measures of ideation session success. To accomplish this, we leverage an existing large-scale dataset containing hundreds of early-stage design concepts; each concept contains detailed ratings regarding its overall feasibility, usefulness, and novelty, as well as when in the ideation session the idea was recorded. Surprisingly, results indicate that there is no effect of idea fluency or timing on the quality of the output when using a holistic evaluation mechanism, such as the innovation measure, instead of a single measure such as novelty. Thus, exceptional concepts can be achieved by all participant segments independent of idea fluency. Furthermore, in early-stage concept generation sessions, highest-rated concepts have an equal probability of occurring early and late in a session. Taken together, these findings can be used to improve performance in ideation by effectively determining when and which types of design interventions future design tools might suggest.
Five-Minute Power-Based Test to Predict Maximal Oxygen Consumption in Road Cycling
Authors: Sitko Sebastian , Cirer-Sastre Rafel , Corbi Francisco , López-Laval Isaac 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To examine the ability of a multivariate model to predict maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) using performance data from a 5-minute maximal test (5MT). Methods: Forty-six road cyclists (age 38 [9] y, height 177 [9] cm, weight 71.4 [8.6] kg, VO2max 61.13 [9.05] mL/kg/min) completed a graded exercise test to assess VO2max and power output. After a 72-hour rest, they performed a test that included a 5-minute maximal bout. Performance variables in each test were modeled in 2 independent equations, using Bayesian general linear regressions to predict VO2max. Stepwise selection was then used to identify the minimal subset of parameters with the best predictive power for each model. Results: Five-minute relative power output was the best explanatory variable to predict VO2max in the model from the graded exercise test (R2 95% credibility interval, .81–.88) and when using data from the 5MT (R2 95% credibility interval, .61–.77). Accordingly, VO2max could be predicted with a 5MT using the equation VO2max = 16.6 + (8.87 × 5-min relative power output). Conclusions: Road cycling VO2max can be predicted in cyclists through a single-variable equation that includes relative power obtained during a 5MT. Coaches, cyclists, and scientists may benefit from the reduction of laboratory assessments performed on athletes due to this finding.
High SARS-CoV-2 infection rate after resuming professional football in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Gualano Bruno , Brito Gisele Mendes , Pinto Ana Jéssica , Lemes Italo Ribeiro , Matos Luciana Diniz Nagem Janot , de Sá Pinto Ana Lúcia , Loturco Irineu 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo examine the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate in a cohort of 6500 professional athletes and staff during the 2020 football (soccer) season in São Paulo, Brazil.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 4269 players (87% male, age: 21.7±4.2 years) and 2231 staff (87% male, age: 42.6±11.9 years) from 122 teams (women: n=16) involved in eight leagues (women: n=2), which took place in São Paulo, Brazil. Between 4 July 2020 and 21 December 2020, swab samples were collected weekly (n=29 507) and tested for SARS-Cov-2 via reverse transcription-PCR by an accredited laboratory commissioned by the São Paulo Football Federation. We contacted the medical staff of each team with positive cases to collect information on disease severity.ResultsAmong 662 PCR-confirmed cases, 501 were athletes and 161 were staff. The new infection rate was 11.7% and 7.2% for athletes and staff, respectively. Athletes were more susceptible to infection than staff (OR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.42, 2.06, p<0.001), although with lower chance for moderate to severe disease (OR: 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.54, p=0.012). Six teams had ≥20 individuals testing positive for SARS-CoV-2, whereas 19 teams had ≥10 confirmed cases. Twenty-five mass outbreaks were identified (≥5 infections within a team in a 2-week period). The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections was similar in athletes and staff as the general population in São Paulo.ConclusionDespite weekly testing and other preventive measures, we found a high SARS-CoV-2 infection rate in athletes and staff after resuming football, which coincides with the high prevalence of infection in the community during the same period. These data may assist policy-makers and sports federations for determining if and when it is safe to resume competitions.