bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term decline in abundance of male sperm whales visiting Kaikōura, New Zealand
Authors: Somerford Tamlyn R. , Dawson Stephen M. , Slooten Elisabeth , Guerra Marta , Childerhouse Simon J. , Richter Christoph F. , van der Linde Miranda L. , Rayment William J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractKaikōura, New Zealand, is one of the few places worldwide where sperm whales can be routinely found close to the coast. Although whales are present nearly all year round, no individuals are truly resident. In this study, we analyzed photo‐identification data collected over 27 years to investigate long‐term trends in inshore abundance. We contrasted two analytical approaches: Cormack‐Jolly‐Seber (CJS) mark‐recapture models, and the “Robust Design,” which can incorporate temporary emigration of individuals. CJS models for open populations showed a significant decline in the annual number of individual males, from 89, 95% CI [60, 133] in 1991, to 40, 95% CI [33–49] in 2017. The Robust Design models indicated that the trend was driven by a decline in abundance of whales using Kaikōura during summer, from 54, 95% CI [18, 156] in 1990, to 23, 95% CI [16, 33] in 2017. In contrast, there was no evidence for change in the numbers of whales using Kaikōura during winter. Incorporating temporary emigration had the most support, indicating Robust Design was more appropriate for estimating abundance. The results of Pradel recruitment models suggest that recruitment to the population using the study area during summer declined during the late 1990s/early 2000s, potentially explaining the decline in abundance.
Laboratory evidence that dinotefuran, pyriproxyfen and permethrin combination abrogates Leishmania infantum transmissibility by sick dogs
Authors: Bongiorno G. , Bosco A. , Bianchi R. , Rinaldi L. , Foglia Manzillo V. , Gizzarelli M. , Maurelli M. P. , Giaquinto D. , El Houda Ben Fayala N. , Varloud M. , Crippa A. , Oliva G. , Gradoni L. , Cringoli G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDogs are reservoir hosts of leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum and transmitted by phlebotomine vectors. The effect of dinotefuran, pyriproxyfen and permethrin spot‐on solution (Vectra®3D, Ceva Santé Animale, Libourne, France) on Leishmania transmissibility by naturally infected dogs via reared Phlebotomus perniciosus, was assessed. Dogs affected by leishmaniasis were submitted to xenodiagnosis and 6 infecting >10% of insects were treated topically on day 0. Antifeeding, insecticidal and anti‐transmissibility effects were evaluated through xenodiagnoses performed on days 1, 7 and 28, using individual pre‐treatment parameters as control. Feeding and mortality rates were assessed at 24 h, whereas promastigote infection, maturation and burden were assessed up to 96 h post blood meal (potentially infectious rate). On day 1, the anti‐feeding efficacy was >95% in 4 dogs, insecticidal efficacy 100% in 4 dogs, and anti‐transmissibility effect 100% in 6 dogs. Efficacy rates recorded on day 7 were very similar to day 1. On day 28, anti‐feeding and insecticidal efficacy values were much broader, ranging 32.6–100% and 7.7–94.4%, respectively. Potentially infectious insects were recorded from two dogs, with sharp decrease in transmissibility rate as compared with pre‐treatment condition. Altogether, Vectra®3D abrogated by >98% the potential Leishmania transmissibility by the examined pool of infected dogs over 1 month.
Percutaneous transhepatic interventional therapy of portal vein stenosis in paediatric liver transplantation: A systematic review of efficacy and safety
Authors: Kyaw Lin , Lai Nai Ming , Iyer Shridhar Ganpati , Loh Dale Ser Kheng Lincoln , Loh Stanley Eu Kuang , Mali Vidyadhar Padmakar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurpose of the systematic reviewTo determine the efficacy and safety of percutaneous trans‐hepatic balloon and/or stent angioplasty (PTA) in the management of portal vein (PV) stenosis following paediatric liver transplantation.MethodsArticles were included from a systematic search of Medline, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov and International Clinical Trials Registry from inception to the 29th of August 2020.ResultsThere were 213 paediatric liver recipients who underwent PTA for PV stenosis in 19 included studies published between 1991 and 2019. Balloon angioplasty was the initial treatment in the majority (n = 153). Primary stent placement (n = 34) was performed for elastic recoil, intimal tears and PV kinks and rescue stent placement (n = 14) for recurrent PV stenosis following primary balloon angioplasty. The technical success was 97.6%–100% overall, 97.6%–100% for balloon‐angioplasty‐only and 100% for primary stenting. The clinical success was 50%–100% overall, 50%–100% for balloon‐angioplasty‐only and 100% for primary stenting. Long‐term PV patency was 50%–100% overall, 37.5%–100% for balloon‐angioplasty‐only and 100% for primary stenting. Primary balloon angioplasty was successful in 78% of the cases. Of the recurrent PV stenoses, 9% resolved with stent placement and one required a meso‐Rex shunt. There was one re‐transplantation without stenting. The complication rate was 2.6% for balloon‐angioplasty‐only (bleeding, liver abscess, 2 PV thromboses) and 5.9% for primary stenting (bleeding, stent‐fracture). There was no procedure‐related mortality.ConclusionPercutaneous transhepatic balloon angioplasty may be the initial management of portal vein stenosis in paediatric liver recipients. Stent placement may be a primary option in selected cases and a reliable rescue option for recurrent portal vein stenosis following balloon‐angioplasty‐only.
Does President Trump's Outrageous Behavior Work?: Results from Two Randomized‐Controlled Trials
Authors: James Chandler 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPoliticians are increasingly relying on outrage to engage the public. President Donald Trump used outrage to fuel his unlikely 2016 presidential victory and 2020 reelection effort. Was Trump's outrageous behavior a boon to his political fortunes or political malpractice? I draw on research in political psychology, populism, and presidential appeals to examine President Trump's outrageous behavior and its effect on the public. Using a series of original experiments, I find support for my expectation that Trump's outrageous behavior is a politically advantageous public relations strategy. My results show that Trump's outrageous behavior increases his support among self‐identified Independents. However, contrary to popular conception, the results do not support claims that racial resentment or affinity for populism makes individuals more amenable to Trump's outrageous behavior.
The intelligence concept and racial classification as sociological products of Western education
Authors: Cook William S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article is a historical examination of how Western theorists created and utilized the intelligence concept and aligned it with racial classification to determine cognitive abilities. By the 1900s, Western theorists, without evidence, declared that intelligence exists as an inheritable, unchangeable mental condition. Influential Western theorists have exploited the intelligence concept to categorize the cognitive abilities of European descendants above that of non‐Whites, particularly African‐descended people as incessant deliberations emerged regarding the value of either cognitively superior or inferior racially defined groups. By interrelating geographical location with shared physical characteristics, Western theorists non‐scientifically divided the human family based on physical similarities among people and referred to them as races. These theorists incorporated the intelligence concept with racial classification as a sociological principle for educational development. According to the Theory of Multiple Intelligences, however, everyone has one or more forms of several intelligences. Although this theory appears to portray a different understanding from the original intelligence concept, it categorizes racial groups and individuals as having fixed levels of cognitive ability. Emphasizing intelligence as a descriptive factor to determine cognitive ability is an unscientific, unequitable characterization that has been employed to explain levels of social awareness and academic performance in Western education.
The first phylogeny of Australasian Lamiinae longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) reveals poor tribal classification and a complex biogeographic history
Authors: Ashman Lauren G. , Shin Seunggwan , Zwick Andreas , Ślipiński Adam , McKenna Duane D. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTWe used phylogenomic data and information from the beetle fossil record to reconstruct the phylogeny and historical biogeography of Australasian longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae) in the subfamily Lamiinae. We further focused our study on the distribution of proposed diagnostic morphological characters in Lamiinae, and on the phylogeny of Rhytiphora Audinet‐Serville, Australia's most species‐rich genus of longhorn beetles. Lamiinae was monophyletic, but the majority of tribes were poly‐ or paraphyletic. Within Lamiinae, we recovered four main clades, including one clade mostly comprised of Australian endemic genera of probable Gondwanan origin. This clade also contained taxa that dispersed from Australia to New Zealand and experienced multiple independent instances of wing loss. Another of the four clades contained Australian genera that colonized the region from Asia, including Rhytiphora. The defining feature of Rhytiphora, the setose ‘sex patches’ on the male abdomen, was shared with many other Asian lamiine genera recovered in the same clade. Our results shed new light on the geographic and temporal origins of Australian Lamiinae, revealing an unexpected mixture of both ancient Gondwanan and recent Asian origins. Moreover, we confirmed rampant nonmonophyly at the tribal level among the Australasian genera of Lamiinae. Based on our results, we move 17 genera into Lamiinae incertae sedis and six genera into the tribe Ancitini Aurivillius. We also reinstate the tribe Niphonini Pascoe for part of the Asian‐Australian Pteropliini Thomson and synonymize Achriotypa Pascoe with Rhytiphora.
Postnatal hypoglycemia and blood glucose concentrations in neonatal tropical goat kids
Authors: Habibu Buhari , Umaru Kawu Mohammed , Aluwong Tagang , Joan Makun Hussaina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the influences of breed, sex, litter size, and birth weight on the incidence of postnatal hypoglycemia and blood glucose concentrations in neonatal tropical goats. A total of 160 neonatal goat kids belonging to Red Sokoto (n = 98), Sahel (n = 40), and West African Dwarf (n = 22) breeds, were categorized after birth based on glycemic status, sex, litter size, and birth weights (high or low). Blood samples were collected on postnatal days 0, 1, 2, 3, 10, and 20 to determine blood glucose concentrations. Results revealed that the incidence of hypoglycemia at birth among neonatal goat kids was 22.5% (36/160) and was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the Sahel breed kids, twin kids, and kids born with low birth weights. After 24 hours, all hypoglycemic kids became normoglycemic but maintained lower (P < 0.05) blood glucose levels than those that were normoglycemic at birth, until day 10, when both groups had comparable blood glucose levels. In all groups, blood glucose concentrations increased significantly 24 hours postnatal, and kids with high birth weights had significantly higher values than those with low birth weights, while the buck kids had higher values than the doelings. There was a negative correlation (r = −0.31;P < 0.0003) between the blood glucose concentration of dams and those of their kids. In conclusion, the incidence of hypoglycemia in tropical goat kids was markedly influenced by breed, birth weight, and litter size. Furthermore, the hypoglycemic kids maintained lower blood glucose concentrations until day 10 postnatal, suggesting the need for relevant nutritional provisions for hypoglycemic kids during this critical period.
Structural competency curriculum in health sciences education: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Gholar Victoria M. , Palokas Michelle , Christian Robin 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This scoping review aims to explore existing literature related to structural competency and how this concept is being implemented and evaluated in health sciences programs. The secondary aim is to examine and summarize any documented outcomes related to structural competency training.

Introduction:
Structural competency is a concept that was introduced in 2014 to train pre-health and health professionals to understand the broader structures that influence health outcomes. Studies have shown structural competency training is beneficial to health science students. To address health outcomes at the population level, students should collaborate with other disciplines to address the larger structures that influence health.

Inclusion criteria:
This scoping review will consider studies that include health science programs that implemented or evaluated structural competency training for undergraduate students, graduate students, and postgraduate trainees.

Methods:
The key databases to be searched include MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase, Europe PubMed Central, PsycINFO, and ERIC. The search for unpublished studies will include ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, PapersFirst, and OpenGrey. Studies conducted in English, in any year, setting, or geographical location will be included. Two independent reviewers will perform retrieval of full-text studies and data extraction. The results will be presented in diagrammatic or tabular format with a narrative summary.
Health workers’ perspectives on asthma care coordination between primary and specialised healthcare in the COVID-19 pandemic: a protocol for a qualitative study in Ecuador and Brazil
Authors: Romero Natalia Cristina , Cisneros-Caceres Maria Jose , Granadillo Emily , Aragao Erika , Romero-Sandoval Adriana , Barbosa Carolina , Barreto de Oliveira Ana Luiza , Rodriguez Alejandro , Pinheiro Gabriela Pimentel , Cruz Alvaro , Cooper Philip , Ferreira da Silva Maria Rejane 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionAsthma is a common long-term disorder and strategies to improve asthma control are still a challenge. Integrated delivery of health systems is critical for effective asthma care: there is limited information on experiences of care coordination for asthma from Latin America, especially on perspectives of health personnel and in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods and analysisThis protocol details a qualitative approach to analyse health workers’ perspectives of healthcare coordination for asthma control during COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador and Brazil, at primary and specialised levels, through in-depth semistructured interviews using a video communications platform. The analysis will identify knowledge and perspectives based on coordination of clinical information, clinical management and administrative coordination. Theoretical sampling will be used to obtain approximately equal numbers of women and men within each level of healthcare; data saturation will be used to determine sample size. Transcripts will be analysed using content-coding procedures to mark quotations related to major topics and subthemes included in the interview guide, and narrative analysis will be based on a theoretical framework for healthcare coordination to identify new themes and subthemes.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the ethics committees of Hospital General Docente Calderón, Quito, Ecuador; and Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil. The findings of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed articles, conference presentations and condensed summaries for key stakeholders and partners.
Outcomes reported in randomised controlled trials of major depressive disorder in older adults: protocol for a methodological review
Authors: Rodrigues Myanca , Sanger Nitika , Dufort Alexander , Sanger Stephanie , Panesar Balpreet , D"Elia Alessia , Parpia Sameer , Samaan Zainab , Thabane Lehana 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionMajor depressive disorder (MDD or depression) is prevalent among adults aged 65 years and older. The effectiveness and safety of interventions used to treat depression is often assessed through randomised controlled trials (RCTs). However, heterogeneity in the selection, measurement and reporting of outcomes in RCTs renders comparisons between trial results, interpretability and generalisability of findings challenging. There is presently no core outcome set (COS) for use in RCTs that assess interventions for older adults with MDD. We will conduct a methodological review of the literature for outcomes reported in trials for adults 65 years and older with depression to assess the heterogeneity of outcome measures.Methods and analysisRCTs evaluating pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, or any other treatment intervention for older adults with MDD published in the last 10 years will be located using electronic database searches (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials). Reviewers will conduct title and abstract screening, full-text screening and data extraction of trials eligible for inclusion independently and in duplicate. Outcomes will be synthesised and mapped to core outcome-domain frameworks. We will summarise characteristics associated with trials and outcomes.Ethics and disseminationWe hope that findings from our methodological review will reduce variability in outcome selection, measurement and reporting and facilitate the development of a COS for older adults with MDD. Our review will also inform evidence synthesis efforts in identifying the best treatment practices for this clinical population. Ethics approval is not required, as this study is a literature review.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021244753.
In Vitro Free Radical Scavenging Properties and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ilex paraguariensis (Maté) and the Ability of Its Major Chemical Markers to Inhibit the Production of Proinflammatory Mediators
Authors: Farias Ingrid Vicente , Fratoni Eduarda , Theindl Lais Cristina , de Campos Angela Machado , Dalmarco Eduardo Monguilhott , Reginatto Flavio Henrique 
Published: November 2021

Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil. (Aquifoliaceae), popularly known as “yerba mate,” has great economic and social significance for the population of Southern Latin America. This study was conducted (1) to investigate the phytochemical composition of four different standardized extracts, (2) to investigate its free radical scavenging properties, and (3) to investigate the anti-inflammatory action of I. paraguariensis and its major chemical markers. The chemical profile was achieved by Folin-Ciocalteu, by LC/DAD, and by LC/MS assays, while the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties were investigated, respectively, by DPPH assay and by inhibition of nitric oxide (Griess reaction) and TNF-α (ELISA). Our results demonstrated that the IA (aqueous infusion extract) showed higher amounts of total phenolic contents (

266.62
±
10.85

mg

CAE·g-1 DE), the highest amounts of all six chemical markers (theobromine, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid, caffeine, and rutin), and stronger antioxidant activity (

E

C

50

=
54.4
±
5.14

μ
g
·
m

L

−
1

). The IA extract also showed the lowest inhibition of NOx secretion (

50.10
±
8.97
%

) as well as inhibition of TNF-α (

83.33
±
4.01
%

). Regarding the chemical markers, all compounds showed strong inhibition of NOx secretion, especially theobromine, which was 200x more potent than dexamethasone. Furthermore, TNF-α secretion was also significantly decreased by THEO at 0.033 μM (

22.15
±
6.49
%

), NCA at 1.97 μM (

27.46
±
3.98
%

), CCA at 0.35 μM (

39.76
±
5.73
%

), CGA at 0.56 μM (

23.58
±
5.79
%

), CAF at 0.52 μM (

26.45
±
5.34
%

), and RUT at 0.16 μM (

40.18
±
3.70
%

). Our results suggest that I. paraguariensis and its major chemical markers have strong free radical scavenging properties as well as showed important anti-inflammatory activity and that these compounds in a plant extract may work based on several different mechanisms synergistically, resulting in moderating the immune system.
Оцінка оклюзійних співвідношень та жувальної функції у пацієнтів із переломами верхньої щелепи методом компʼютерної оклюзіографії
Authors: Шуминський Є. В. , Копчак А. В. , Гурьянов В. Г. , Лисейко Н. В. , Дорошенко О. М. 
Published: November 2021

Уламкові переломи верхньої щелепи на ділянці вертикальних контрфорсів ускладнюють процес репозиції та фіксації, створюють передумови для розвитку глибоких функціональних розладів у ранньому і віддаленому посттравматичному періодах. Відновлення їх за допомогою накісних титанових пластин є основ­ним завданням лікування даної категорії пацієнтів.
Мета дослідження – дослідити характер оклюзійних співвідношень та визначити їх зміни у пацієнтів із травматичними переломами верхньої щелепи залежно від застосованого способу реконструкції вертикальних контрфорсів із використанням методу компʼютерної оклюзіографії.
Матеріали і методи. Досліджено 18 пацієнтів із множинними переломами кісток середньої зони обличчя (15 чоловіків та 3 жінок). Середній вік (43,8±10,8) року. Оклюзіографії проводили у групах із лінійними переломами (Gr1, n=6), з кістковими дефектами у ділянці вертикальних контрфорсів (Gr2, n=5) та з відновленими контрфорсами за допомогою кісткових аутотрансплантатів (Gr3, n=7). Аналіз проведений за допомогою апарату та програмного забезпечення «T-Scan» компанії «Tekscan» (Tekscan, Inc., S. Boston, MA, США). Досліджені час оклюзії, дезоклюзії, індекс асиметрії оклюзії.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Медіанні значення часу оклюзії, дезоклюзії, індексу асиметрії Gr1- (0,17 (0,12÷0,25), 0,18 (0,15÷0,19), 12,2 % (8 %÷29,1 %)); Gr2 – (0,29 (0,18÷0,37), 0,13 (0,12÷0,20), 28,4 % (16,8÷36,8) %); Gr3 – (0,22 (0,21÷0,38), 0,11 (0,08÷0,22), 23,2 % (15,4÷29,7) %) відповідно. Визначалась тенденція до зростання часу оклюзії на 24 %, часу дезоклюзії – на 16 % та ступеня асиметрії – на 17 % у пацієнтів із переломами нижньої щелепи, що супроводжувались відшаруванням або пересіченням жувальних мʼязів та у пацієнтів, яким проводили біфронтальний доступ, що супроводжувалось оголенням скроневих мʼязів для лікування переломів кісток середньої зони обличчя.
Висновки. Чинниками, що сприяють поглибленню функціональних змін, є переломи верхньої щелепи із дефектом (зростання індексу асиметрії в середньому на 13,6 % та часу оклюзіїї – на 0,1 с), а також операційна травма жувальних мʼязів при проведенні хірургічних доступів. Заміщення дефектів вертикальних контрфорсів кістковими аутотрансплантатами покращує відновлення жувальної функції, порівняно із пацієнтами, де для фіксації уламків на ділянці дефектів використовували накісні міні-пластини як самостійне хірургічне рішення (середній час оклюзії у цієї категорії хворих був меншим на 25 %, а індекс асиметрії – на 19 %).