bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pacing strategy during cross-country short track mountain bike event
Authors: Arriel Rhaí André , Marocolo Moacir 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Although in recent years, cross-country short track (XCC) mountain biking became more popular among athletes and coaches, no study has analyzed the main determinants of performance in this modality. Thus, this study investigates performance and pacing profile of professional cross-country cyclists on different technical sections during a XCC competition. Twenty male professional cross-country cyclists (25.9 ± 5.4 years; eight under 23 and twelve elite), performed 6 laps of a XCC 2020 UCI International Mountain Bike Cup. Average speed (lap by lap and in five different technical sections of the track) were analyzed according to athletes, categories and race performance group. For race performance analyses, cyclists were divided into 4 groups (1-4; n=5 each), according to total race time, presenting group 1 the better performance. In general, XCC athletes adopted a positive pacing profile during competition but no differences in speed over the race or in each circuit section were found between categories (p > 0.05). Race performance groups adopted different pacing profiles: group 1 maintained a more even pacing profile, groups 2 and 3 adopted a positive pacing profile and group 4 adopted a reverse J-shaped pacing profile. No difference in speed was found between categories across track sections. Group 1 was 17.9% and 8.3% faster than the group 4 (p < 0.05) on the non-technical uphill section and more technical uphill/downhill section, respectively. A general positive pacing profile during XCC is adopted by the mainly of athletes and this choice of pacing profile is influenced by race performance, regardless of cyclist category. Furthermore, physical fitness is more relevant than technical ability in this competition.
Online voting behaviour, public content preferences, and content complexity of movies and digital entertainment since the late 19th century
Authors: Moustakas Aristides , Firdaus Mohammad 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Analysis of cinema and electronic art contents into quantifiable characteristics could provide insights on important elements of human behaviour such as voting behaviour, appreciation, and emotions regarding content. Analysis of movies, series, TV programs, and video games, were performed mining the IMBD database and merging datasets. Data analytics were performed including the relationship between the number of votes and rating, rating and content as timeseries, and multivariate statistical analysis between content and rating as well as production type and rating. Content complexity (i.e. the number of different genre) was also analyzed regarding rating. Results indicated that there is an overall positive relationship between the number of votes and rating for low, intermediate, and high number of votes, while very high number of votes is related with a partisan voting behaviour resulting in negative rating. Adult rated content is declining over the past three decades. Violent content is expressed via other forms of content through time, switching from war to horror. Diversity of content was the highest rated content type linked with diversity and complexity of feelings and emotions. Among all production types, video games were the highest rated ones related with integrative social behaviour with other users or addiction.
Olivine in picrites from continental flood basalt provinces classified using machine learning
Authors: Cheng Lilu , Wang Yu , Yang Zongfeng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Picrites, dominantly composed of highly forsteritic olivine, can serve as important constraints on primary magma composition and eruption dynamic processes in global continental flood basalt (CFB) provinces. Picrites are commonly divided into high-Ti and low-Ti groups based on whole-rock TiO2 content or Ti/Y ratio. Here, we use an artificial neural network (ANN) to classify the individual olivine in picrites from global CFB provinces according to whether their parental magma is high-Ti or low-Ti to better understand the primary origin and magmatic processes. After training the ANN on 1000 olivine major element compositions data points, the network was able to differentiate chemical patterns for high-Ti and low-Ti olivine and classify olivine into correct types with an accuracy of &gt;95%. Moreover, we find that two types of olivine mix in some single samples from Etendeka, Emeishan, and Karoo CFB provinces. Combining the results with chemical markers of source lithology, we suggest that the two types of olivine originate from two different sources and their olivine populations mixed during the ascent. This mixing then makes the spatial and temporal variation of picrites types in some CFB provinces unclear.
Acidosis láctica asociada a metformina
Authors: Vallejos Narváez Alvaro , González Alvarez Juan Sebastián , Abadía Mondragón Natalia Margarita , Camargo Alvarado María Daniela , Anzola Rincón Astrid Stefanny , Lara Carvajal María José 
Published: July 2021

La acidosis láctica es una reacción adversa relacionada con metforminay la principal etiología de acidosis metabólica. Se ha reportado una incidencia anual de acidosis láctica de 4,3 casos por cada 100 000 usuarios de este medicamento, lo cual es una cifra considerable teniendo en cuenta que cerca de 150 millones de pacientes diagnosticados con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 usan el medicamento. Se reporta el caso de una paciente de 81 años con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 manejada con metformina que, sumado a la presencia de múltiples comorbilidades, favoreció al desarrollo de acidosis láctica.
Síncope como manifestación clínica del bloqueo aurículo-ventricular paroxístico y respuesta al implante de marcapasos bicameral
Authors: López Patiño Helber Gonzalo , Serna Posada María del Mar , Duque González Laura , Uribe Arango William , Duque Ramírez Mauricio 
Published: July 2021

El síncope es el principal síntoma que presentan los pacientes con bloqueo aurículo-ventricular completo paroxístico, y puede obedecer a una serie de etiologías intrínsecas o extrínsecas. Los bloqueos son causa de disfunción importante, con alta carga de morbilidad, incluso en pacientes sin cardiopatía isquémica o anomalía estructural de base. Se presenta el caso de una paciente con corazón estructuralmente normal, quien ingresó para estudio de síncope y durante el monitoreo Holter de 24 horas se documentó bloqueo aurículo-ventricular completo paroxístico, por lo cual se procedió al implante de un marcapasos bicameral, con muy buena respuesta a la intervención. Los bloqueos aurículo-ventricular completos pueden ser paroxísticos o permanentes y la única forma de diferenciarlos son los hallazgos electrocardiográficos. Es muy importante realizar el diagnóstico de bloqueo aurículo-ventricular completo, bien sea paroxístico o definitivo, porque el único tratamiento es el implante de un dispositivo de estimulación eléctrica cardíaca.
Trombosis séptica portal secundaria a diverticulitis
Authors: Guerra-Zarama Sebastian , García-Rincón Cristian , González-Pérez Javier , Roncancio-Villamil Gustavo 
Published: July 2021

La trombosis séptica de la vena porta es una complicación infrecuente de la diverticulitis, la apendicitis y de otras infecciones intraabdominales. Se asocia a elevadas tasas de complicaciones, como isquemia mesentérica, absceso hepático, hipertensión portal o muerte. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 67 años quien consultó por fiebre, dolor abdominal e ictericia, y en quien se documentó bacteriemia por Escherichia coli y Streptococcus dysgalactiae. En las imágenes se identificó trombosis de la porta hepática secundaria a enfermedad diverticular aguda, lo que configura un diagnóstico de pileflebitis séptica. El paciente recibió terapia antibiótica dirigida, sin anticoagulación, obteniéndoseadecuada respuesta clínica. Se realiza una discusión sobre el diagnóstico, etiología y tratamiento de la trombosis séptica portal.
Autonomous metering system for monitoring water consumption
Authors: Rizzo E. B. , Cousin F. A. , Lucca R. M. , Lautenschlager S. R. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Faced with water scarcity and its rising costs, it is necessary to use it in a rational way. This study proposes the development of an autonomous system of water monitoring in condominiums (smart houses), through meters that use turbine flow sensors and ZigBee technology for sending data to a coordinator, allowing monitoring of the consumption at various points of a building in almost real time. Users can read the consumed volume using a smartphone application. This stimulates a more rational way of using water, besides enabling alerts for leaks in pipes, faucets, showers and toilets. The accuracy of this sensor was compared with a mechanical flow meter and an ultrasonic sensor in the laboratory, all presenting errors smaller than 10% of readings for water flow above 2 L/min. The quality of the ZigBee network was analysed, in terms of interference with Wi-Fi, Bluetooth devices and a microwave oven, to assess if there are data losses in the sensor network and only Bluetooth caused losses, showing robustness in the combined ZigBee and Wi-Fi.
Genetically-modified Stem Cell in Regenerative Medicine and Cancer
Therapy; A New Era
Authors: Verdi Javad , Hassanzadeh Ali , Shamlou Somayeh , Yousefi Niloufar , Nikoo Marzieh 
Published: July 2021

Abstract:
Recently, genetic engineering by various strategies to stimulate gene expression in a specific
and controllable mode is a speedily growing therapeutic approach. Genetic modification of human
stem or progenitor cells, such as Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs), Neural Progenitor Cells (NPCs),
Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (MSCs), and Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) for direct
delivery of specific therapeutic molecules or genes has been evidenced as an opportune plan in the
context of regenerative medicine due to their supported viability, proliferative features, and
metabolic qualities. On the other hand, a large number of studies have investigated the efficacy of
modified stem cells in cancer therapy using cells from various sources, disparate transfection
means for gene delivery, different transfected yields, and wide variability of tumor models. Accordingly,
cell-based gene therapy holds substantial aptitude for the treatment of human malignancy as
it could relieve signs or even cure cancer succeeding expression of therapeutic or suicide transgene
products; however, there exist inconsistent results in this regard. Herein, we deliver a brief
overview of stem cell potential to use in cancer therapy and regenerative medicine and importantly
discuss stem cells based gene delivery competencies to stimulate tissue repair and replacement in
concomitant with their potential to use as an anti-cancer therapeutic strategy, focusing on the last
two decades’ in vivo studies.
Prevalence of Naturally Occurring Resistance Associated Substitutions in NS3/4AProtease Inhibitors in Iranian HCV/HIV Infected Patients
Authors: Baesi Kazem , Velayati Ali Akbar , Ashtiani Masoumeh Farrokh , Fakhredini Kamal , Banifazl Mohammad , Larijani Mona Sadat , Basimi Parya , Ramezani Amitis 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) acts in the host as a complicated mixture of related
variants with the potency to genetically escape host immune responses. Direct acting antivirals
(DAAs) have been approved for HCV treatment with shorter duration, better cure rates and lower
side effects. However, naturally occurring resistance associated substitutions (RASs) create some
obstacles to this antiviral therapy success.

Objective:
In this study, we aimed at the determination of the naturally occurring NS3/4A RASs in
HCV/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)infected patients.

Methods:
A total of 120 DAA-naïve HCV-HIV co-infected patients were included. HCV
NS3/4Agenome region was amplified with PCR and mutation analysis was performed by Sanger
sequencing technique. The amino acid sequence diversity of the region was analyzed using
geno2pheno HCV.

Results:
Phylogenetic analysis showed that 73 cases were infected by 3a and 47 subjects by subtype1a.
The overall RASs among studied subjects were observed in 6 (5%) individuals from 120
studied cases who were infected with HCV 1a. V36M/L, Q80L, S122G/L, R155T/G, A156S,
D168Y/N and S174A/N/T mutations were detected in this study.

Conclusion:
Although the prevalence of RASs was totally low in this study, the presence of several
cases of double and triple mutants among this population suggests prior evaluation of protease inhibitors
related mutations before initiation of standard treatment and also an investigation on a
large population could be of high value.
A Review Study of the Influences of Dendrimer Nanoparticles on Stored
Platelet in Order to Treat Patients (2001-2020)
Authors: Mehrizi Tahereh Zadeh , Ardestani Mehdi Shafiee , Kafiabad Sedigheh Amini 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Platelets are sensitive to chilling, so the optimal storage temperature for
maintaining normal function and structure in platelets is 22-24 °C up to 3-5 days.

Introduction:
Platelets are important blood cells involved in immunity, inflammation, and thrombosis.
Today, platelet products are widely used to prevent bleeding in patients with thrombocytopenia
and coagulopathy disorders. As a result, maintaining the quality of these products is very important.

Method:
In this review study, the reported influences of various dendrimers on platelets from 2001
to 2020 were investigated.

Result:
The results showed that positively charged dendrimers can cause platelet aggregation and
activation during platelet storage time through their amine residues. In addition to surface charge,
high generations, molecular weight and concentration are not recommended in the field of platelet
storage and treatment. In contrast, negatively charged dendrimers, usually used at lower generations
with proper molecular weight, lower size (less than 100 nm) and their carboxyl residues, cannot induce
adverse effects on platelets during storage time. In addition, the results of this study revealed
that PEGylation of dendrimers and platelets can improve platelet storage conditions.

Conclusion:
As anionic dendrimers can improve platelet storage time without inducing significant
changes in morphology and function of platelets, they are recommended in the field of platelet storage
and treatment.
Assessment of a Novel Vitamin D3 Formulation with Nanostructured Lipid
Carriers for Transdermal Delivery
Authors: Junqueira Laura , Polonini Hudson , Ramos Cristiano , Ferreira Anderson O. , Raposo Nádia , Brandão Marcos 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
Develop and assess a transdermal emulsion loaded with nanostructured lipid
carriers for vitamin D3 supplementation.

Methods:
Vitamin D3 loaded nanostructured lipid carriers, produced via high shear homogenization
and ultrasonication, were assessed for their particle size, distribution, morphology, zeta potential,
entrapment efficiency, and cytotoxicity. They were incorporated into a transdermal vehicle,
and the stability and ex vivo permeation were evaluated.

Results:
Spherical nanoparticles were developed with a particle size of 192.5 nm, a polydispersity
index of 0.13, a zeta potential of -29.0 mV, and an entrapment efficiency of 99.75%. They were stable
(particle size and distribution) for 15 days when stored in a refrigerator, and for 30 days at
room temperature and 32 °C. The nanoparticles decreased the drug cytotoxicity against fibroblasts,
as shown by IC50 (nanoparticle: 32.48 μg mL−1; vitamin D3: 16.73 μg mL−1). The emulsion loaded
with nanoparticles minimized the degradation of vitamin D3 when compared with the nanoparticle
dispersion. Additionally, the emulsion provided the skin permeation of vitamin D3 following the recommended
daily allowance.

Conclusion:
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to use nanostructured lipid carriers
for transdermal delivery of vitamin D. The developed formulation is a promising strategy to overcome
the vitamin D3 variable oral bioavailability. It also represents a comfortable route of administration;
thus it could be beneficial for patients and clinicians. However, further studies are needed
to allow the permeation of larger amounts of vitamin D3, and the combination of these nanoparticles
with microneedles would be interesting.
Eggshell Membrane Based Turmeric Extract Loaded Orally Disintegrating
Films
Authors: Bayraktar Oguz , Köse Merve Deniz , Ungun Nazlı 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The increasing interest in using natural bioactive compounds as new drug
candidates due to their low solubility led to designing and developing novel drug delivery systems.
Out of those, orally disintegrating films (ODFs) are a very eminent drug delivery system among pediatrics
and geriatrics.

Objective:
In our study, the solvent casting method was used to prepare eggshell membrane-based
and turmeric extract loaded orally disintegrating films.

Method:
Characterization of the prepared films was done with FTIR, AFM, and SEM analysis.
The release profile of the turmeric extract was determined and fitted to the mathematical models.

Results:
AFM results showed that the best interaction between components was achieved in Film
2. The highest cumulative release percentage was obtained for the film with 7.5% (w/w) turmeric
extract (Film-2) as 41.98%, based on the HPLC measurements. The Higuchi model was the best--
fitted model for Film 2.

Conclusion:
In this study, SEP and CMCH were used for the first time as biopolymers to prepare
the orally disintegrating film. Turmeric extract was successfully integrated into films prepared
from SEP and CMCH.
Chemical Constituents and Antitumor Mechanisms of Artemisia
Authors: Lijie Xia , Jinyao Li , Kamarya Yasin 
Published: July 2021

Background:
At present, chemotherapy is still the main treatment for cancer, but its side effects and
multidrug resistance limit the therapeutic efficacy. Natural products are the important sources for the development of
antitumor drugs with higher efficiency and lower toxicity. Artemisia contains a variety of antitumor constituents, which
can induce tumor cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, inhibit tumor angiogenesis, and accelerate iron ion-mediated
oxidative damage.

Objective:
This paper provides a focused, up-to-date, and comprehensive overview of the antitumor active constituents
and mechanisms of Artemisia.

Method:
The relevant references on Artemisia and its bioactive components were obtained from scientific databases,
including PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct.

Results:
We have summarized the current progress about on the bioactive components and mechanisms of Artemisia.
The application prospect of active components of Artemisia in cancer prevention and treatment has also been discussed.

Conclusion:
This review may provide new ideas for the follow-up treatment of cancer and contribute to the development
of safe and effective antitumor drugs.
A Case of Cancer-Associated Hyponatraemia: Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Secondary to Nivolumab
Authors: Galliazzo Silvia , Morando Filippo , Sartorato Paola , Bortolin Michela , De Menis Ernesto 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors is a new frontier for
cancer treatment. On the safety profile, this drugs class is associated with a new spectrum of side effects,
the so-called immune-related adverse events that can potentially affect any organs, mainly endocrine
glands. Scant data are available to inform the appropriate strategy of their management and
treatment.

Case Presentation:
A 74-years old man with a squamous non-small cell lung cancer on nivolumab
was hospitalized for fatigue, nausea, vomiting and severe hyponatremia. Biochemical tests were
significant for hypotonic hyponatremia with a high urine sodium concentration. Endocrine tests
showed overt primary hypothyroidism and low serum cortisol and aldosterone levels associated
with an elevated circulating level of adrenocorticotrophic hormone. Adrenal antibody screening
and the search of adrenal lesion on CT abdomen were negative. Thus, a nivolumab-induced primary
adrenal insufficiency was diagnosed. Nivolumab withdrawal and replacement treatment with
glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid allowed clinical and biochemical recovery.

Conclusion:
Physicians need to be aware of potential immune-related adverse events in all patients
treated with an immune checkpoint inhibitor. Their timely recognition is essential to carry out the
proper treatment.
A Many-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm Based on Two-Phase Selection
Authors: Li Erchao , Wei Li-sen 
Published: July 2021

Aims:
The main purpose of this paper is to achieve good convergence and distribution in
different Pareto fronts.

Background:
Research in recent decades has shown that evolutionary multi-objective optimization can
effectively solve multi-objective optimization problems with no more than 3 targets. However, when
solving MaOPs, the traditional evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithm is difficult to effectively
balance convergence and diversity. In order to solve these problems, many algorithms have
emerged, which can be roughly divided into the following three types: decomposition-based, indexbased,
and dominance relationship-based. In addition, there are many algorithms that introduce the
idea of clustering into the environment. However, there are some disadvantages to solving different
types of MaOPs. In order to take advantage of the above algorithms, this paper proposes a manyobjective
optimization algorithm based on two-phase evolutionary selection.

Objective:
In order to verify the comprehensive performance of the algorithm on the testing problem of
different Pareto front, 18 examples of regular PF problems and irregular PF problems are used to test
the performance of the algorithm proposed in this paper.

Method:
This paper proposes a two-phase evolutionary selection strategy. The evolution process is
divided into two phases to select individuals with good quality. In the first phase, the convergence area
is constructed by indicators to accelerate the convergence of the algorithm. In the second phase, the
parallel distance is used to map the individuals to the hyperplane, and the individuals are clustered
according to the distance on the hyperplane, and then the smallest fitness in each category is selected.

Result:
For regular Pareto front testing problems, MaOEA/TPS performed better than RVEA, PREA,
CAMOEA and One by one EA in 19, 21, 30, 26 cases, respectively, while it was only outperformed by
RVEA, PREA, CAMOEA and One by one EA in 8, 5, 1, and 6 cases. For the irregular front testing
problem, MaOEA/TPS performed better than RVEA, PREA, CAMOEA and One by one EA in 20, 17,
25, and 21 cases, respectively, while it was only outperformed by RVEA, PREA, CAMOEA and One
by one EA in 6, 8, 1, and 6 cases.

Conclusion:
The paper proposes a many-objective evolutionary algorithm based on two phase selection,
termed MaOEA/TPS, for solving MaOPs with different shapes of Pareto fronts. The results show
that MaOEA/TPS has quite a competitive performance compared with the several algorithms on most
test problems.

Other:
Although the algorithm in this paper has achieved good results, the optimization problem in the
real environment is more difficult, therefore, applying the algorithm proposed in this paper to real
problems will be the next research direction.