bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All-sky visible and near infrared space astrometry
Authors: Hobbs David , Brown Anthony , Høg Erik , Jordi Carme , Kawata Daisuke , Tanga Paolo , Klioner Sergei , Sozzetti Alessandro , Wyrzykowski Łukasz , Walton Nicholas , Vallenari Antonella , Makarov Valeri , Rybizki Jan , Jiménez-Esteban Fran , Caballero José A. , McMillan Paul J. , Secrest Nathan , Mor Roger , Andrews Jeff J. , Zwitter Tomaž , Chiappini Cristina , Fynbo Johan P. U. , Ting Yuan-Sen , Hestroffer Daniel , Lindegren Lennart , McArthur Barbara , Gouda Naoteru , Moore Anna , Gonzalez Oscar A. , Vaccari Mattia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe era of all-sky space astrometry began with the Hipparcos mission in 1989 and provided the first very accurate catalogue of apparent magnitudes, positions, parallaxes and proper motions of 120 000 bright stars at the milliarcsec (or milliarcsec per year) accuracy level. Hipparcos has now been superseded by the results of the Gaia mission. The second Gaia data release contained astrometric data for almost 1.7 billion sources with tens of microarcsec (or microarcsec per year) accuracy in a vast volume of the Milky Way and future data releases will further improve on this. Gaia has just completed its nominal 5-year mission (July 2019), but is expected to continue in operations for an extended period of an additional 5 years through to mid 2024. Its final catalogue to be released $\sim $
∼
2027, will provide astrometry for $\sim $
∼
2 billion sources, with astrometric precisions reaching 10 microarcsec. Why is accurate astrometry so important? The answer is that it provides fundamental data which underpin much of modern observational astronomy as will be detailed in this White Paper. All-sky visible and Near-InfraRed (NIR) astrometry with a wavelength cutoff in the K-band is not just focused on a single or small number of key science cases. Instead, it is extremely broad, answering key science questions in nearly every branch of astronomy while also providing a dense and accurate visible-NIR reference frame needed for future astronomy facilities.
Autistic Adults are Not Impaired at Maintaining or Switching Between Counterfactual and Factual Worlds: An ERP Study
Authors: Ferguson Heather J. , Wimmer Lena , Black Jo , Barzy Mahsa , Williams David 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe report an event-related brain potential (ERP) experiment that tests whether autistic adults are able to maintain and switch between counterfactual and factual worlds. Participants (N = 48) read scenarios that set up a factual or counterfactual scenario, then either maintained the counterfactual world or switched back to the factual world. When the context maintained the world, participants showed appropriate detection of the inconsistent critical word. In contrast, when participants had to switch from a counterfactual to factual world, they initially experienced interference from the counterfactual context, then favoured the factual interpretation of events. None of these effects were modulated by group, despite group-level impairments in Theory of Mind and cognitive flexibility among the autistic adults. These results demonstrate that autistic adults can appropriately use complex contextual cues to maintain and/or update mental representations of counterfactual and factual events.
Pre-implantation genetic testing for aneuploidy: motivations, concerns, and perceptions in a UK population
Authors: Jones Benjamin P. , Bracewell-Milnes Timothy , Kasaven Lorraine , L’Heveder Ariadne , Spearman Megan , Marcus Diana , Jalmbrant Maria , Green Joy , Odia Rabi , Saso Srdjan , Serhal Paul , Nagi Jara Ben 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposePre-implantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (PGT-A) is a technique used as part of in vitro fertilisation to improve outcomes. Despite the upward trend in women utilising PGT-A, data on women’s motivations and concerns toward using the technology, and perceptions having undergone the process, remain scarce.MethodsThis cross-sectional survey, based at a fertility clinic in the UK, utilised an electronic questionnaire to assess the motivations of women who undergo PGT-A and their perceptions and attitudes toward PGT-A after using it.ResultsOne hundred sixty-one women responded. The most significant motivating factors to undergo PGT-A were to improve the probability of having a baby per cycle (9.0 ± 2.1) and enhance the chance of implantation (8.8 ± 2.5). The least important motivations were reducing the number of embryos transferred per cycle (2.7 ± 3.3) and saving money by reducing the number of procedures required (4.6 ± 3.4). The most significant concerning factors identified included not having embryos to transfer (5.7 ± 3.4) and the potential for embryo damage (5.2 ± 3.3). The least concerning factors included religious (0.6 ± 1.7) or moral (1 ± 2.2) concerns. The majority of women were satisfied/very satisfied following treatment (n= 109; 68%). The proportion of those who were satisfied/very satisfied increased to 94.2% (n= 81) following a successful outcome, and reduced to 43.5% (n= 27) in those who had an unsuccessful outcome or had not undergone embryo transfer (p< 0.001).ConclusionThis study highlights that perceptions amongst women who use PGT-A are mostly positive. We also demonstrate a significant association between satisfaction and reproductive outcomes, with those who achieve a live birth reporting more positive perceptions toward PGT-A.
Synthesis of graphene foams and their sorption properties of n-hexane
Authors: Małolepszy Artur , Mazurkiewicz-Pawlicka Marta , Kotkowski Tomasz , Cherbański Robert , Molga Eugeniusz , Stobiński Leszek 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe influence of preparation conditions of the graphene foams on their physicochemical properties is shown. Different graphene aerogels were obtained from various graphene oxide water suspensions using the hydrothermal method (with or without the addition of acrylic microemulsion and varying in drying time—24 and 48 h). Prolonged drying of the hydrogels resulted in smaller pores in the foams. The composition of graphene oxide (GO) and acrylic polymer water suspensions leads to the smallest surface area which is due to the closing of the pores of the composite structure. Thermal treatment of samples at 950 °C removed the polymer residues. The heating process increased the surface area and the total pore volume of all samples, which were used to test the graphene foams (GFs) for adsorption of n-hexane. These tests have shown that the most effective samples for n-hexane adsorption were the samples where for the preparation of the composite GO and acrylic resin were used. The best of obtained samples adsorbed 415 mg g−1 of n-hexane which is a better result than for activated carbon manufactured from natural cork. Further preparation and modification of graphene foams could result in a significant increase in their sorption properties and could be used for contaminated air purification in the nearest future.
The Alignment of Agent-First Preferences with Visual Event Representations: Contrasting German and Arabic
Authors: Esaulova Yulia , Dolscheid Sarah , Reuters Sabine , Penke Martina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHow does non-linguistic, visual experience affect language production? A series of experiments addressed this question by examining linguistic and visual preferences for agent positions in transitive action scenarios. In Experiment 1, 30 native German speakers described event scenes where agents were positioned either to the right or to the left of patients. Produced utterances had longer speech onset times for scenes with right- rather than left-positioned agents, suggesting that the visual organization of events can affect sentence production. In Experiment 2 another cohort of 36 native German participants indicated their aesthetic preference for left- or right-positioned agents in mirrored scenes and displayed a preference for scenes with left-positioned agents. In Experiment 3, 37 Arabic native participants performed the same non-verbal task showing the reverse preference. Our findings demonstrate that non-linguistic visual preferences seem to affect sentence production, which in turn may rely on the writing system of a specific language.
Realization of a Framework for Simulation-Based Large-Scale Shape Optimization Using Vertex Morphing
Authors: Ghantasala Aditya , Najian Asl Reza , Geiser Armin , Brodie Andrew , Papoutsis Efthymios , Bletzinger Kai-Uwe 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere is a significant tendency in the industry for automation of the engineering design process. This requires the capability of analyzing an existing design and proposing or ideally generating an optimal design using numerical optimization. In this context, efficient and robust realization of such a framework for numerical shape optimization is of prime importance. Another requirement of such a framework is modularity, such that the shape optimization can involve different physics. This requires that different physics solvers should be handled in black-box nature. The current contribution discusses the conceptualization and applications of a general framework for numerical shape optimization using the vertex morphing parametrization technique. We deal with both 2D and 3D shape optimization problems, of which 3D problems usually tend to be expensive and are candidates for special attention in terms of efficient and high-performance computing. The paper demonstrates the different aspects of the framework, together with the challenges in realizing them. Several numerical examples involving different physics and constraints are presented to show the flexibility and extendability of the framework.
Beneficial and harmful explanatory machine learning
Authors: Ai Lun , Muggleton Stephen H. , Hocquette Céline , Gromowski Mark , Schmid Ute 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGiven the recent successes of Deep Learning in AI there has been increased interest in the role and need for explanations in machine learned theories. A distinct notion in this context is that of Michie’s definition of ultra-strong machine learning (USML). USML is demonstrated by a measurable increase in human performance of a task following provision to the human of a symbolic machine learned theory for task performance. A recent paper demonstrates the beneficial effect of a machine learned logic theory for a classification task, yet no existing work to our knowledge has examined the potential harmfulness of machine’s involvement for human comprehension during learning. This paper investigates the explanatory effects of a machine learned theory in the context of simple two person games and proposes a framework for identifying the harmfulness of machine explanations based on the Cognitive Science literature. The approach involves a cognitive window consisting of two quantifiable bounds and it is supported by empirical evidence collected from human trials. Our quantitative and qualitative results indicate that human learning aided by a symbolic machine learned theory which satisfies a cognitive window has achieved significantly higher performance than human self learning. Results also demonstrate that human learning aided by a symbolic machine learned theory that fails to satisfy this window leads to significantly worse performance than unaided human learning.
Defects, nested instantons and comet-shaped quivers
Authors: Bonelli G. , Fasola N. , Tanzini A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe introduce and study a surface defect in four-dimensional gauge theories supporting nested instantons with respect to the parabolic reduction of the gauge group at the defect. This is engineered from a $$\mathrm{{D3/D7}}$$

D
3
/
D
7

-branes system on a non-compact Calabi–Yau threefold X. For $$X=T^2\times T^*{{\mathcal {C}}}_{g,k}$$

X
=

T
2

×

T
∗

C

g
,
k

, the product of a two torus $$T^2$$

T
2

times the cotangent bundle over a Riemann surface $${{\mathcal {C}}}_{g,k}$$

C

g
,
k

with marked points, we propose an effective theory in the limit of small volume of $${\mathcal C}_{g,k}$$

C

g
,
k

given as a comet-shaped quiver gauge theory on $$T^2$$

T
2

, the tail of the comet being made of a flag quiver for each marked point and the head describing the degrees of freedom due to the genus g. Mathematically, we obtain for a single $$\mathrm{{D7}}$$

D
7

-brane conjectural explicit formulae for the virtual equivariant elliptic genus of a certain bundle over the moduli space of the nested Hilbert scheme of points on the affine plane. A connection with elliptic cohomology of character varieties and an elliptic version of modified Macdonald polynomials naturally arises.
How nutrient rich are decaying cocoa pod husks? The kinetics of nutrient leaching
Authors: Hougni D.-G. J. M. , Schut A. G. T. , Woittiez L. S. , Vanlauwe B. , Giller K. E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Aim
Recycling of cocoa pod husks has potential to contribute to mineral nutrition of cocoa. Yet little is known of the nutrient content and nutrient release patterns from the husks. The potassium (K) rich husks are usually left in heaps in cocoa plantations in Africa. We aimed to understand and quantify release patterns of K and other nutrients from husks under varying rainfall regimes and assessed the effects of partial decomposition and inundation on nutrient leaching rates.

Methods
We incubated chunks of cocoa pod husks to assess decomposition rates and we measured nutrient leaching rates from two sets of husk chunks: one set was placed in tubes that were submitted to simulated scheduled rainfall events while the second set was continuously inundated in beakers.

Results
Decomposition of husks followed a second-order exponential curve (k: 0.09 day−1; ageing constant: 0.43). Nutrient losses recorded within 25 days were larger and more variable for K (33%) than for other macronutrients released in this order: Mg > Ca ≈ P > N (less than 15%). Potassium leaching was mainly driven by rainfall frequency (P < 0.05) and reinforced by intense rainfall, especially at lower frequency. Under water-saturated conditions, 11% of K was leached out within 48 h from fresh husks compared with 92% from partially decayed husks.

Conclusion
Some initial decomposition of cocoa pod husks is required to expose K to intense leaching. As decomposition progresses, abundant K losses are to be expected under frequent and/or intense rainfall events.
Seed and leaf-spray inoculation of PGPR in brachiarias (Urochloa spp.) as an economic and environmental opportunity to improve plant growth, forage yield and nutrient status
Authors: Hungria Mariangela , Rondina Artur Berbel Lirio , Nunes Amanda Letícia Pit , Araujo Ricardo Silva , Nogueira Marco Antonio 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Brazil has 180 Mha of pastures, 86 Mha occupied with Urochloa spp. (syn. Brachiaria), and 70% in some level of degradation. Inoculation with plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPR) may represent an economic and environmental feasible strategy to improve pasture production.

Methods
Two greenhouse and seven field trials were performed to verify the effects of seed inoculation at sowing or leaf-spray inoculation in established pastures of Urochloa with elite strains of Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas fluorescens. All plants received nutrients including 40 kg ha−1 of N at sowing, and half of the treatments a supply of 40 kg ha−1 of N 30 days after emergence.

Results
A. brasilense increased shoot biomass by an average of 16.8% with both seed and leaf-spray inoculation, whereas P. fluorescens increased by 15.2 and 14.2%, respectively, always higher with the extra supply of N. Seed and leaf-spray inoculation with A. brasilense increased N content by an average of 11.7 and 20.7%, and K by 9.9 and 11.3%, respectively; for P. fluorescens average increases were of 33.3 and 36.6% for P, and of 10.6 and 13.6% for K, respectively. Benefits were mainly attributed to improvements in root architecture by the synthesis of phytohormones. Biological nitrogen fixation in A. brasilense, P acquisition (solubilization of phosphates and siderophores synthesis) and ACC-deaminase in P. fluorescens also contributed to plant growth and nutrient status.

Conclusion
Inoculation with elite PGPR strains translated into more fodder and improved nutritional value of feed for livestock, representing a promising and environmentally-friendly strategy for tropical pastures.
EduIMPACT: A scale for measuring the impact of literacy programmes for youth and adults
Authors: Gutiérrez-Carvajal Oscar Iván , Perdomo Mónica , Agredo Jenny Lorena , Rojas Geisler Dayani 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article presents an instrument for measuring the effectiveness of literacy programmes for youth and adults. To assess the impact of participation on individual learners’ lives and their environment, the authors developed a structure comprising five main dimensions: (1) “personal sphere” (six sub-dimensions); (2) “social skills” (six sub-dimensions); (3) “life project” (four sub-dimensions); (4) “knowledge” (five sub-dimensions); and (5) “economic situation” ´(five sub-dimensions). Phase 1 of developing this instrument included the definition of dimensional and sub-dimensional features; Phase 2 comprised drafting the design of the measurement scale. During Phase 1, the authors conducted focus group discussions and individual interviews with 15 students, 14 teachers, 10 graduates and 2 former managers of a Colombian second-chance adult education programme called Avancemos [Let’s go forward]. The programme was launched in 1993 and has since been further developed by the University of Ibagué. During Phase 2, six specialists in education and psychology validated the survey items in an expert trial. In the third phase of development, the authors finalised a survey questionnaire to test their scale and distributed it among 132 Avancemos graduates, of whom 124 (63 women and 61 men) returned completed forms. In their analysis of the results, the authors found that their instrument, which they named EduIMPACT, had proved useful for evaluating and acting upon the programme’s perception among its target group.
Insight into Practical Teaching in Rural Planning in Colleges Based on the “Rural Innovation Workshop”
Authors: Huang Yinglu , Zhang Jiarui , Sang Xiaolei , Ou Haifeng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBased on demand and problem-oriented rural planning, this study proposes new requirements for rural planning education in colleges and universities.This study reflects on the problems and challenges of rural planning teaching and practice in colleges in China from the perspectives of experiential teaching and participatory planning theory. It takes an actual workshop case as its object of analysis to examine the effectiveness of a workshop-based experiential rural planning mode of teaching in response to the needs of rural construction.In this study, used Kolb’s analytical framework to classify the tasks and skills required in activities into four different learning processes: accommodation, divergence, assimilation and convergence. The feedback of students on the Rural Innovation Workshop mentions the improvement of all aspects of ability and indicates that individual comprehensive ability is improved in the process of practical participation in the workshop.
Why go for a computation-based approach to cognitive representation
Authors: Coelho Mollo Dimitri 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn influential view in (philosophy of) cognitive science is that computation in cognitive systems is semantic, conceptually depending on representation: to compute is to manipulate representations. I argue that accepting the non-semantic teleomechanistic view of computation lays the ground for a promising alternative strategy, in which computation helps to explain and naturalise representation, rather than the other way around. I show that this computation-based approach to representation presents six decisive advantages over the semantic view. I claim that it can improve the two most influential current theories of representation, teleosemantics and structural representation, by providing them with precious tools to tackle some of their main shortcomings. In addition, the computation-based approach opens up interesting new theoretical paths for the project of naturalising representation, in which teleology plays a role in individuating computations, but not representations.
Differenzialdiagnose expansiver Osteolysen im Kiefer
Authors: Baumhoer D. 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungExpansive Osteolysen im Kiefer entsprechen nicht immer odontogenen Zysten, weshalb bei nicht eindeutiger Konstellation eine bioptische Abklärung erfolgen sollte. Neben gut- und bösartigen odontogenen Tumoren kommt differenzialdiagnostisch auch eine Reihe von Knochentumoren und Pseudozysten in Betracht, deren charakteristische Verteilung im Kiefer sowie typische Altersgipfel bei der Einteilung helfen können. Für eine verlässliche Diagnostik ist auch die Kenntnis der Bildgebung und Klinik (Anamnese, Symptomatik, klinischer bzw. intraoperativer Befund) unerlässlich. Zusätzlich stehen neue und innovative molekulare Marker und Analyseverfahren zur Verfügung, die die Diagnostik zusätzlich objektivieren können. Dieser Beitrag gibt eine Übersicht über rein osteolytische Kieferläsionen und ihre Differenzialdiagnosen.
Impact of Foliar Application of Various Forms of Silicon on the Chemical Composition of Sugar Beet Plants
Authors: Artyszak Arkadiusz , Kondracka Małgorzata , Gozdowski Dariusz , Siuda Alicja , Litwińczuk-Bis Magda 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe effect of marine calcite, a mixture of ortho- and polysilicic acid as well as orthosilicic acid applied as a foliar spray on the chemical composition of sugar beet leaves in the critical phase of nutrient supply (beginning of July) but also leaves and roots during harvest time in 2015–2016, was studied. The content of silicon in the leaves ranged from 1.24 to 2.36 g kg−1d.m. at the beginning of July, 3.85–5.34 g kg−1d.m. during harvest and 2.91–4.20 g kg−1d.m. in the roots. The foliar application of silicon caused a significant increase in the content of magnesium and calcium in leaves (in July) as compared to the control. The sugar beet consumes approx. 75 kg Si ha−1, which is almost 3.5 times more than P and 20% more than Mg thus proving its importance for its species. About 70% of the silicon taken up by sugar beet is stored in roots and 30% in leaves. The pure sugar yield is most favorably influenced by two- and threefold foliar application of the product containing silicon in the form of orthosilicic acid stabilized with choline, and a threefold mixture of ortho- and polysilicic acid. The increase in the pure sugar yield is not the result of a change in the chemical composition of sugar beet plants, but their more efficient functioning after foliar application of silicon under stress conditions caused by water shortage.