bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Battlestar Galacticaand Space Opera: Transforming a Subgenre
Authors: FRANCISCO MEGAN 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRon Moore, creator and producer of the reimaginedBattlestar Galacticatelevision series, outlined his proposed show's aesthetic in a manifesto aptly titled “Naturalistic Science Fiction or Taking the Opera out of Space Opera.” The title of this essay took a stand against the science fiction subgenre of space opera, asserting that it was outdated, overdone, and unrealistic. Moore's vision for his series revolutionized iconic elements of classic television space operas. Though Moore resisted the stigma of space opera, his reimagined series holds an inherent “operaticness”—a term first coined by opera scholar Marcia Citron.Battlestar Galacticahas many operatic qualities, particularly in its narrative structure, cinematography, characters, and music. After analyzingGalactica'sexplicit evocations of opera, this article will explore the operatic features of the soundtrack and evaluate the characters intimately tied to the opera by tracing the tropes of gendered opera as outlined by Susan McClary and Catherine Clément. Through a detailed analysis of three episodes, I will demonstrate how Moore successfully constructed a series that relied deeply upon operatic qualities and resonances.
Effects of Intergroup Vicarious Ostracism on Individual Prejudicial Attributions and Aggressive Intentions
Authors: Yang Xiaoli , Xin Tongtong , Zhao Qinghua 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study explores the effects of intergroup vicarious ostracism on individual prejudicial attributions and aggressive intentions. It takes Tibetan and Hui college students in northwestern China as participants. Study 1 and Study 2 explore the difference in observers' prejudicial attributions and aggressive intentions, respectively, when the group members who experienced ostracism (Tibetan college students) observed an in-group member being ostracized by out-group members versus an in-group member being ostracized by in-group members. Results show that those in-group participants, i.e., the Tibetan college students, who observed an in-group member being ostracized by out-group members, showed much higher prejudicial attributions, F(1, 106) = 19.65, p < .001, ηp2 = .156, and aggressive intentions, F(1, 108) = 10.51, p = .002, ηp2 = .089, toward ostracizers than those who observed an in-group member being ostracized by in-group members. In Study 3, Hui college students were recruited as participants to further test the results of Study 1 and Study 2. In addition, we also found that under the out-group conditions, prejudicial attribution mediates the effects of inclusionary status on aggressive intentions (95% bias-corrected confidence interval did not include zero; 95% CI [0.15, 0.69]). This study shows that ostracizers’ group membership could affect observers' prejudicial attributions and their aggressive intentions toward the ostracizers.
Conditioning Multiple‐Point Statistics Simulation to Inequality Data
Authors: Straubhaar Julien , Renard Philippe 
Published: February 2021

AbstractStochastic modeling is often employed in environmental sciences for the analysis and understanding of complex systems. For example, random fields are key components in uncertainty analysis or Bayesian inverse modeling. Multiple‐point statistics (MPS) provides efficient simulation tools for simulating fields reproducing the spatial statistics depicted in a training image (TI), while accounting for local or block conditioning data. Among MPS methods, the direct sampling algorithm is a flexible pixel‐based technique that consists in first assigning the conditioning data values (so‐called hard data) in the simulation grid, and then in populating the rest of the simulation domain in a random order by successively pasting a value from a TI cell sharing a similar pattern. In this study, an extension of the direct sampling method is proposed to account for inequality data, that is, constraints in given cells consisting of lower and/or upper bounds for the simulated values. Indeed, inequality data are often available in practice. The new approach involves the adaptation of the distance used to compare and evaluate the match between two patterns to account for such constraints. The proposed method, implemented in the DeeSse code, allows generating random fields both reflecting the spatial statistics of the TI and honoring the inequality constraints. Finally examples of topography simulations illustrate and show the capabilities of the proposed method.
GPS Scintillations and TEC Variations in Association With a Polar Cap Arc
Authors: Wang Yong , Cao Zheng , Xing Zan‐Yang , Zhang Qing‐He , Jayachandran P. T. , Oksavik K. , Balan Nanan , Shiokawa K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA unique example of a polar cap arc producing clear amplitude and phase scintillations in GPS L‐band signals is presented using observations from an all‐sky imager and a GPS receiver and a digital ionosonde at Resolute Bay and the SuperDARN Inuvik radar. During the southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) condition, the polar cap arc moved quickly from the dusk‐side to the midnight auroral oval at a speed of ∼700 m/s, as revealed by all‐sky 557.7 and 630.0 nm images. When it intersected the raypath of GPS signals, both amplitude and phase scintillations appeared, which is very different from previous results. Moreover, the scintillations were precisely determined through power spectral analysis. We propose that the strong total electron content (TEC) enhancement (∼6 TECU) and flow shears in association with the polar cap arc under the southward IMF condition were creating the scintillations. It provides evidence for the existence of polar cap arc scintillations that may be harmful for satellite applications even through L‐band signals.
Comparison of Coincident Optical Particle Counter and Lidar Measurements of Polar Stratospheric Clouds Above McMurdo (77.85°S, 166.67°E) From 1994 to 1999
Authors: Snels Marcel , Cairo Francesco , Di Liberto Luca , Scoccione Andrea , Bracaglia Marco , Deshler Terry 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMacroscopic stratospheric aerosol properties such as surface area density (SAD) and volume density (VD) are required by modern chemistry climate models. These quantities are in continuous need of validation by observations. Direct observation of these parameters is not possible, but they can be derived from optical particle counters (OPCs) which provide concentration (number density) and size distributions of aerosol particles, and possibly from ground‐based and satellite‐borne lidar observations of particle backscatter coefficients and aerosol type. When such measurements are obtained simultaneously by OPCs and lidars, they can be used to calculate backscatter and extinction coefficients, as well as SAD and VD. Empirical relations can thus be derived between particle backscatter coefficient, extinction coefficient, and SAD and VD for a variety of aerosols (desert dust, maritime aerosols, stratospheric aerosols) and be used to approximate SAD and VD from lidar measurements. Here we apply this scheme to coincident measurements of polar stratospheric clouds above McMurdo Station, Antarctica, by ground‐based lidar and balloon‐borne OPCs. The relationships derived from these measurements will provide a means to obtain values of SAD and VD for supercooled ternary solutions (STS) and nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) PSCs from the backscatter coefficients measured by lidar. Coincident lidar and OPC measurements provided 15 profile comparisons. Empirical expressions of SAD and VD as a function of particle backscatter coefficient, β, were calculated from fits of the form log(SAD/VD) = A + B log(β) using β from the lidar and SAD/VD from the OPC. The PSCs were classified as STS and NAT mixtures, ice being absent.
Polygenic hazard score is associated with prostate cancer in multi-ethnic populations
Authors: Huynh-Le Minh-Phuong , Fan Chun Chieh , Karunamuni Roshan , Thompson Wesley K. , Martinez Maria Elena , Eeles Rosalind A. , Kote-Jarai Zsofia , Muir Kenneth , Schleutker Johanna , Pashayan Nora , Batra Jyotsna , Grönberg Henrik , Neal David E. , Donovan Jenny L. , Hamdy Freddie C. , Martin Richard M. , Nielsen Sune F. , Nordestgaard Børge G. , Wiklund Fredrik , Tangen Catherine M. , Giles Graham G. , Wolk Alicja , Albanes Demetrius , Travis Ruth C. , Blot William J. , Zheng Wei , Sanderson Maureen , Stanford Janet L. , Mucci Lorelei A. , West Catharine M. L. , Kibel Adam S. , Cussenot Olivier , Berndt Sonja I. , Koutros Stella , Sørensen Karina Dalsgaard , Cybulski Cezary , Grindedal Eli Marie , Menegaux Florence , Khaw Kay-Tee , Park Jong Y. , Ingles Sue A. , Maier Christiane , Hamilton Robert J. , Thibodeau Stephen N. , Rosenstein Barry S. , Lu Yong-Jie , Watya Stephen , Vega Ana , Kogevinas Manolis , Penney Kathryn L. , Huff Chad , Teixeira Manuel R. , Multigner Luc , Leach Robin J. , Cannon-Albright Lisa , Brenner Hermann , John Esther M. , Kaneva Radka , Logothetis Christopher J. , Neuhausen Susan L. , De Ruyck Kim , Pandha Hardev , Razack Azad , Newcomb Lisa F. , Fowke Jay H. , Gamulin Marija , Usmani Nawaid , Claessens Frank , Gago-Dominguez Manuela , Townsend Paul A. , Bush William S. , Roobol Monique J. , Parent Marie-Élise , Hu Jennifer J. , Mills Ian G. , Andreassen Ole A. , Dale Anders M. , Seibert Tyler M. ,   UKGPCS collaborators,   APCB (Australian Prostate Cancer BioResource),   NC-LA PCaP Investigators,   The IMPACT Study Steering Committee and Collaborators,   Canary PASS Investigators,   The Profile Study Steering Committee,   The PRACTICAL Consortium
Published: February 2021

AbstractGenetic models for cancer have been evaluated using almost exclusively European data, which could exacerbate health disparities. A polygenic hazard score (PHS1) is associated with age at prostate cancer diagnosis and improves screening accuracy in Europeans. Here, we evaluate performance of PHS2 (PHS1, adapted for OncoArray) in a multi-ethnic dataset of 80,491 men (49,916 cases, 30,575 controls). PHS2 is associated with age at diagnosis of any and aggressive (Gleason score ≥ 7, stage T3-T4, PSA ≥ 10 ng/mL, or nodal/distant metastasis) cancer and prostate-cancer-specific death. Associations with cancer are significant within European (n = 71,856), Asian (n = 2,382), and African (n = 6,253) genetic ancestries (p < 10−180). Comparing the 80th/20th PHS2 percentiles, hazard ratios for prostate cancer, aggressive cancer, and prostate-cancer-specific death are 5.32, 5.88, and 5.68, respectively. Within European, Asian, and African ancestries, hazard ratios for prostate cancer are: 5.54, 4.49, and 2.54, respectively. PHS2 risk-stratifies men for any, aggressive, and fatal prostate cancer in a multi-ethnic dataset.
Strain wave pathway to semiconductor-to-metal transition revealed by time-resolved X-ray powder diffraction
Authors: Mariette C. , Lorenc M. , Cailleau H. , Collet E. , Guérin L. , Volte A. , Trzop E. , Bertoni R. , Dong X. , Lépine B. , Hernandez O. , Janod E. , Cario L. , Ta Phuoc V. , Ohkoshi S. , Tokoro H. , Patthey L. , Babic A. , Usov I. , Ozerov D. , Sala L. , Ebner S. , Böhler P. , Keller A. , Oggenfuss A. , Zmofing T. , Redford S. , Vetter S. , Follath R. , Juranic P. , Schreiber A. , Beaud P. , Esposito V. , Deng Y. , Ingold G. , Chergui M. , Mancini G. F. , Mankowsky R. , Svetina C. , Zerdane S. , Mozzanica A. , Bosak A. , Wulff M. , Levantino M. , Lemke H. , Cammarata M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOne of the main challenges in ultrafast material science is to trigger phase transitions with short pulses of light. Here we show how strain waves, launched by electronic and structural precursor phenomena, determine a coherent macroscopic transformation pathway for the semiconducting-to-metal transition in bistable Ti3O5 nanocrystals. Employing femtosecond powder X-ray diffraction, we measure the lattice deformation in the phase transition as a function of time. We monitor the early intra-cell distortion around the light absorbing metal dimer and the long range deformations governed by acoustic waves propagating from the laser-exposed Ti3O5 surface. We developed a simplified elastic model demonstrating that picosecond switching in nanocrystals happens concomitantly with the propagating acoustic wavefront, several decades faster than thermal processes governed by heat diffusion.
Systematic functional analysis of Leishmania protein kinases identifies regulators of differentiation or survival
Authors: Baker N. , Catta-Preta C. M. C. , Neish R. , Sadlova J. , Powell B. , Alves-Ferreira E. V. C. , Geoghegan V. , Carnielli J. B. T. , Newling K. , Hughes C. , Vojtkova B. , Anand J. , Mihut A. , Walrad P. B. , Wilson L. G. , Pitchford J. W. , Volf P. , Mottram J. C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDifferentiation between distinct stages is fundamental for the life cycle of intracellular protozoan parasites and for transmission between hosts, requiring stringent spatial and temporal regulation. Here, we apply kinome-wide gene deletion and gene tagging in Leishmania mexicana promastigotes to define protein kinases with life cycle transition roles. Whilst 162 are dispensable, 44 protein kinase genes are refractory to deletion in promastigotes and are likely core genes required for parasite replication. Phenotyping of pooled gene deletion mutants using bar-seq and projection pursuit clustering reveal functional phenotypic groups of protein kinases involved in differentiation from metacyclic promastigote to amastigote, growth and survival in macrophages and mice, colonisation of the sand fly and motility. This unbiased interrogation of protein kinase function in Leishmania allows targeted investigation of organelle-associated signalling pathways required for successful intracellular parasitism.
Genome assembly and population genomic analysis provide insights into the evolution of modern sweet corn
Authors: Hu Ying , Colantonio Vincent , Müller Bárbara S. F. , Leach Kristen A. , Nanni Adalena , Finegan Christina , Wang Bo , Baseggio Matheus , Newton Carter J. , Juhl Emily M. , Hislop Lillian , Gonzalez Juan M. , Rios Esteban F. , Hannah L. Curtis , Swarts Kelly , Gore Michael A. , Hennen-Bierwagen Tracie A. , Myers Alan M. , Settles A. Mark , Tracy William F. , Resende Marcio F. R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSweet corn is one of the most important vegetables in the United States and Canada. Here, we present a de novo assembly of a sweet corn inbred line Ia453 with the mutated shrunken2-reference allele (Ia453-sh2). This mutation accumulates more sugar and is present in most commercial hybrids developed for the processing and fresh markets. The ten pseudochromosomes cover 92% of the total assembly and 99% of the estimated genome size, with a scaffold N50 of 222.2 Mb. This reference genome completely assembles the large structural variation that created the mutant sh2-R allele. Furthermore, comparative genomics analysis with six field corn genomes highlights differences in single-nucleotide polymorphisms, structural variations, and transposon composition. Phylogenetic analysis of 5,381 diverse maize and teosinte accessions reveals genetic relationships between sweet corn and other types of maize. Our results show evidence for a common origin in northern Mexico for modern sweet corn in the U.S. Finally, population genomic analysis identifies regions of the genome under selection and candidate genes associated with sweet corn traits, such as early flowering, endosperm composition, plant and tassel architecture, and kernel row number. Our study provides a high-quality reference-genome sequence to facilitate comparative genomics, functional studies, and genomic-assisted breeding for sweet corn.
Sniffing speeds up chemical detection by controlling air-flows near sensors
Authors: Spencer Thomas L. , Clark Adams , Fonollosa Jordi , Virot Emmanuel , Hu David L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMost mammals sniff to detect odors, but little is known how the periodic inhale and exhale that make up a sniff helps to improve odor detection. In this combined experimental and theoretical study, we use fluid mechanics and machine olfaction to rationalize the benefits of sniffing at different rates. We design and build a bellows and sensor system to detect the change in current as a function of odor concentration. A fast sniff enables quick odor recognition, but too fast a sniff makes the amplitude of the signal comparable to noise. A slow sniff increases signal amplitude but delays its transmission. This trade-off may inspire the design of future devices that can actively modulate their sniffing frequency according to different odors.
Acquired cancer cell resistance to T cell bispecific antibodies and CAR T targeting HER2 through JAK2 down-modulation
Authors: Arenas Enrique J. , Martínez-Sabadell Alex , Rius Ruiz Irene , Román Alonso Macarena , Escorihuela Marta , Luque Antonio , Fajardo Carlos Alberto , Gros Alena , Klein Christian , Arribas Joaquín 
Published: February 2021

AbstractImmunotherapy has raised high expectations in the treatment of virtually every cancer. Many current efforts are focused on ensuring the efficient delivery of active cytotoxic cells to tumors. It is assumed that, once these active cytotoxic cells are correctly engaged to cancer cells, they will unfailingly eliminate the latter, provided that inhibitory factors are in check. T cell bispecific antibodies (TCBs) and chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) offer an opportunity to test this assumption. Using TCB and CARs directed against HER2, here we show that disruption of interferon-gamma signaling confers resistance to killing by active T lymphocytes. The kinase JAK2, which transduces the signal initiated by interferon-gamma, is a component repeatedly disrupted in several independently generated resistant models. Our results unveil a seemingly widespread strategy used by cancer cells to resist clearance by redirected lymphocytes. In addition, they open the possibility that long-term inhibition of interferon-gamma signaling may impair the elimination phase of immunoediting and, thus, promote tumor progression.
Direct observation of kink evolution due to Hund’s coupling on approach to metal-insulator transition in NiS2−xSex
Authors: Jang Bo Gyu , Han Garam , Park Ina , Kim Dongwook , Koh Yoon Young , Kim Yeongkwan , Kyung Wonshik , Kim Hyeong-Do , Cheng Cheng-Maw , Tsuei Ku-Ding , Lee Kyung Dong , Hur Namjung , Shim Ji Hoon , Kim Changyoung , Kotliar Gabriel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUnderstanding characteristic energy scales is a fundamentally important issue in the study of strongly correlated systems. In multiband systems, an energy scale is affected not only by the effective Coulomb interaction but also by the Hund’s coupling. Direct observation of such energy scale has been elusive so far in spite of extensive studies. Here, we report the observation of a kink structure in the low energy dispersion of NiS2−xSex and its characteristic evolution with x, by using angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Dynamical mean field theory calculation combined with density functional theory confirms that this kink originates from Hund’s coupling. We find that the abrupt deviation from the Fermi liquid behavior in the electron self-energy results in the kink feature at low energy scale and that the kink is directly related to the coherence-incoherence crossover temperature scale. Our results mark the direct observation of the evolution of the characteristic temperature scale via kink features in the spectral function, which is the hallmark of Hund’s physics in the multiorbital system.
A new global ice sheet reconstruction for the past 80 000 years
Authors: Gowan Evan J. , Zhang Xu , Khosravi Sara , Rovere Alessio , Stocchi Paolo , Hughes Anna L. C. , Gyllencreutz Richard , Mangerud Jan , Svendsen John-Inge , Lohmann Gerrit 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe evolution of past global ice sheets is highly uncertain. One example is the missing ice problem during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 26 000-19 000 years before present) – an apparent 8-28 m discrepancy between far-field sea level indicators and modelled sea level from ice sheet reconstructions. In the absence of ice sheet reconstructions, researchers often use marineδ18O proxy records to infer ice volume prior to the LGM. We present a global ice sheet reconstruction for the past 80 000 years, called PaleoMIST 1.0, constructed independently of far-field sea level andδ18O proxy records. Our reconstruction is compatible with LGM far-field sea-level records without requiring extra ice volume, thus solving the missing ice problem. However, for Marine Isotope Stage 3 (57 000-29 000 years before present) - a pre-LGM period - our reconstruction does not match proxy-based sea level reconstructions, indicating the relationship between marineδ18O and sea level may be more complex than assumed.
Stability of synchronization in simplicial complexes
Authors: Gambuzza L. V. , Di Patti F. , Gallo L. , Lepri S. , Romance M. , Criado R. , Frasca M. , Latora V. , Boccaletti S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractVarious systems in physics, biology, social sciences and engineering have been successfully modeled as networks of coupled dynamical systems, where the links describe pairwise interactions. This is, however, too strong a limitation, as recent studies have revealed that higher-order many-body interactions are present in social groups, ecosystems and in the human brain, and they actually affect the emergent dynamics of all these systems. Here, we introduce a general framework to study coupled dynamical systems accounting for the precise microscopic structure of their interactions at any possible order. We show that complete synchronization exists as an invariant solution, and give the necessary condition for it to be observed as a stable state. Moreover, in some relevant instances, such a necessary condition takes the form of a Master Stability Function. This generalizes the existing results valid for pairwise interactions to the case of complex systems with the most general possible architecture.
Climate predicts geographic and temporal variation in mosquito-borne disease dynamics on two continents
Authors: Caldwell Jamie M. , LaBeaud A. Desiree , Lambin Eric F. , Stewart-Ibarra Anna M. , Ndenga Bryson A. , Mutuku Francis M. , Krystosik Amy R. , Ayala Efraín Beltrán , Anyamba Assaf , Borbor-Cordova Mercy J. , Damoah Richard , Grossi-Soyster Elysse N. , Heras Froilán Heras , Ngugi Harun N. , Ryan Sadie J. , Shah Melisa M. , Sippy Rachel , Mordecai Erin A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractClimate drives population dynamics through multiple mechanisms, which can lead to seemingly context-dependent effects of climate on natural populations. For climate-sensitive diseases, such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika, climate appears to have opposing effects in different contexts. Here we show that a model, parameterized with laboratory measured climate-driven mosquito physiology, captures three key epidemic characteristics across ecologically and culturally distinct settings in Ecuador and Kenya: the number, timing, and duration of outbreaks. The model generates a range of disease dynamics consistent with observed Aedes aegypti abundances and laboratory-confirmed arboviral incidence with variable accuracy (28–85% for vectors, 44–88% for incidence). The model predicted vector dynamics better in sites with a smaller proportion of young children in the population, lower mean temperature, and homes with piped water and made of cement. Models with limited calibration that robustly capture climate-virus relationships can help guide intervention efforts and climate change disease projections.