bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discrete‐space continuous‐time models of marine mammal exposure to Navy sonar
Authors: Jones‐Todd Charlotte M. , Pirotta Enrico , Durban John W. , Claridge Diane E. , Baird Robin W. , Falcone Erin A. , Schorr Gregory S. , Watwood Stephanie , Thomas Len 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAssessing the patterns of wildlife attendance to specific areas is relevant across many fundamental and applied ecological studies, particularly when animals are at risk of being exposed to stressors within or outside the boundaries of those areas. Marine mammals are increasingly being exposed to human activities that may cause behavioral and physiological changes, including military exercises using active sonars. Assessment of the population‐level consequences of anthropogenic disturbance requires robust and efficient tools to quantify the levels of aggregate exposure for individuals in a population over biologically relevant time frames. We propose a discrete‐space, continuous‐time approach to estimate individual transition rates across the boundaries of an area of interest, informed by telemetry data collected with uncertainty. The approach allows inferring the effect of stressors on transition rates, the progressive return to baseline movement patterns, and any difference among individuals. We apply the modeling framework to telemetry data from Blainville's beaked whale (Mesoplodon densirostris) tagged in the Bahamas at the Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center (AUTEC), an area used by the U.S. Navy for fleet readiness training. We show that transition rates changed as a result of exposure to sonar exercises in the area, reflecting an avoidance response. Our approach supports the assessment of the aggregate exposure of individuals to sonar and the resulting population‐level consequences. The approach has potential applications across many applied and fundamental problems where telemetry data are used to characterize animal occurrence within specific areas.
The data‐index: An author‐level metric that values impactful data and incentivizes data sharing
Authors: Hood Amelia S. C. , Sutherland William J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAuthor‐level metrics are a widely used measure of scientific success. The h‐index and its variants measure publication output (number of publications) and research impact (number of citations). They are often used to influence decisions, such as allocating funding or jobs. Here, we argue that the emphasis on publication output and impact hinders scientific progress in the fields of ecology and evolution because it disincentivizes two fundamental practices: generating impactful (and therefore often long‐term) datasets and sharing data. We describe a new author‐level metric, the data‐index, which values both dataset output (number of datasets) and impact (number of data‐index citations), so promotes generating and sharing data as a result. We discuss how it could be implemented and provide user guidelines. The data‐index is designed to complement other metrics of scientific success, as scientific contributions are diverse and our value system should reflect that both for the benefit of scientific progress and to create a value system that is more equitable, diverse, and inclusive. Future work should focus on promoting other scientific contributions, such as communicating science, informing policy, mentoring other scientists, and providing open‐access code and tools.
Evolutionary and plastic variation in larval growth and digestion reveal the complex underpinnings of size and age at maturation in dung beetles
Authors: Rohner Patrick T. , Moczek Armin P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAge and size at maturity are key life‐history components, yet the proximate underpinnings that mediate intra‐ and interspecific variation in life history remain poorly understood. We studied the proximate underpinnings of species differences and nutritionally plastic variation in adult size and development time in four species of dung beetles. Specifically, we investigated how variation in insect growth mediates adult size variation, tested whether fast juvenile growth trades‐off with developmental stability in adult morphology and quantified plastic responses of digestive systems to variation in food quality. Contrary to the common size–development time trade‐off, the largest species exhibited by far the shortest development time. Correspondingly, species diverged strongly in the shape of growth trajectories. Nutritionally plastic adjustments to growth were qualitatively similar between species but differed in magnitude. Although we expected rapid growth to induce developmental costs, neither instantaneous growth rates nor the duration of larval growth were related to developmental stability in the adult. This renders the putative costs of rapid growth enigmatic. We further found that larvae that encounter a challenging diet develop a larger midgut and digest more slowly than animals reared on a more nutritious diet. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that larvae invest into a more effective digestive system when exposed to low‐quality nutrition, but suggest that species may diverge readily in their reliance on these mechanisms. More generally, our data highlight the complex, and often hidden, relationships between immature growth and age and size at maturation even in ecologically similar species.
Effects of cultivation practice on floristic and flowering diversity of spontaneously growing plant species on arable fields
Authors: Hoffmann Jörg , Wahrenberg Tim 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the past, the floristic diversity of arable fields has been described in terms of species diversity (SD) and their degree of coverage (C), but never in combination with the recording of the actually flowered species (FS) and their flowering intensity (FI) to striking differences in the cultivation methods on arable land. In relation to SD and C, however, FS and FI may provide important additional information on the functional biodiversity of fields. The aim was therefore to investigate the effects of (a) conventional, (b) organic, and (c) smallholder (never application of herbicides) on the floristic diversity. Using a region in Germany, we investigated SD, C, FS, and FI synchronously in (a), (b), and (c), by 356 vegetation surveys (5 × 5 m plots) conducted in spring and summer in 2019 in winter cereals. Statistical tests were used to analyze the differences between (a), (b), and (c). The medians were used to compare the floristic diversity of (a), (b), and (c) and finally relationships of FS and FI to SD were analyzed in relation to the cultivation methods. Significant differences in SD, C, FS, and FI were found between the (a), (b), and (c) in spring and summer characterized by sharp declines from (c) to (b) to (a). A drastic reduction in floristic diversity from (c) 100 to (b) 52 to (a) 3 was determined. Plants in flower (FS, FI) were very poorly in (a), moderately well to well in (b), and well to very well represented in (c). (C) to (a) was characterized by a sharp decline and from (a) to (b) by sharp increase in floristic diversity. With current acreage proportions of (a) in mind, this would affect, about one third of land area in Germany, associated with a drastic reduction in functional biodiversity for insects.
Scavengers reduce potential brucellosis transmission risk in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
Authors: Szcodronski Kimberly E. , Cross Paul C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractScavengers likely play an important role in ecosystem energy flow as well as disease transmission, but whether they facilitate or reduce disease transmission is often unknown. In the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, scavengers are likely to reduce the transmission and subsequent spread of brucellosis within and between livestock and elk by consuming infectious abortion materials, thereby removing the infectious agent from the landscape. We used remote cameras to monitor the time to removal of simulated abortion materials by scavengers at 264 sites from February to June in 2017 and 2018 and assessed the effects of habitat and land management on time to removal in southwest Montana. Time to removal of fetal materials decreased in grassland habitats ( = 2.9 d, credible interval = [1.8–5.0]) in comparison to sagebrush habitats ( = 5.4 d [3.4–9.3]) and forest habitats ( = 5.2 d [3.3–9.0]). In addition, there was an 88% probability that time to removal of fetal materials was slower at sites where mammalian scavengers were actively reduced ( = 6.5 d [3.4–12.8]) compared to sites with no scavenger reduction ( = 4.1 d [2.3–7.8]). Our research indicates that if elk and livestock are commingling during the brucellosis risk period, there is a 90% probability that abortion materials will be removed by scavengers within 16 d across all sites. Coyotes, red foxes, golden and bald eagles, Corvus spp., and turkey vultures were the dominant scavengers, removing 90% of the fetal materials. Actions to maintain the breadth and diversity of scavengers on the landscape are potential management options that could reduce disease transmission risk to livestock in a system where the wildlife reservoir is difficult to address.
Body composition analysis in patients with acute heart failure: the Scale Heart Failure trial
Authors: De Ieso Fiorangelo , Mutke Markus Reinhold , Brasier Noe Karl , Raichle Christina Janitha , Keller Bettina , Sucker Celine , Abdelhamid Khaled , Bloch Tiziano , Reissenberger Pamela , Schönenberg Ladina , Fischer Sandro Kevin , Saboz Jonas , Weber Nora , Schädelin Sabine , Bruni Nicole , Wright Patrick R. , Eckstein Jens 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsIn this study, we aimed to investigate whether body composition analysis (BCA) derived from bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) could be used to monitor the hydration status of patients with acute heart failure (AHF) during intensified diuretic therapy.Methods and resultsThis observational, single‐centre study involved a novel, validated eight‐electrode segmental body composition analyser to perform BCA derived from BIVA with an alternating current of 100 μA at frequencies of 5, 7.5, 50, and 75 kHz. The BCA‐derived and BIVA‐derived parameters were estimated and compared with daily body weight measurements in hospitalized patients with AHF. A total of 867 BCA and BIVA assessments were conducted in 142 patients (56.3% men; age 76.8 ± 10.7 years). Daily changes in total body water (TBW) and extracellular water (ECW) were significantly associated with changes in body weight in 62.2% and 89.1% of all measurements, respectively (range, ±1 kg). Repeated measures correlation coefficients between weight loss and TBW loss resulted with rho 0.43, P < 0.01, confidence interval (CI) [0.36, 0.50] and rho 0.71, P > 0.01, CI [0.67, 0.75] for ECW loss. Between the first and last assessments, the mean weight loss was −2.5 kg, compared with the −2.6 L mean TBW loss and −1.7 L mean ECW loss. BIVA revealed an increase in mean Resistance R and mean Reactance Xc across all frequencies, with the subsequent reduction in body fluid (including corresponding body weight) between the first and last assessments.ConclusionsBody composition analysis derived from BIVA with a focus on ECW is a promising approach to detect changes in hydration status in patients undergoing intensified diuretic therapy. Defining personalized BIVA reference values using bioelectrical impedance devices is a promising approach to monitor hydration status.
Right ventricular dominant myocarditis requiring cardiac resynchronization therapy‐defibrillator: a case report
Authors: Sato Takanori , Iwahana Togo , Ito Ryo , Kondo Yusuke , Kobayashi Yoshio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFulminant myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the cardiac muscle that severely deteriorates cardiac function and often causes haemodynamic collapse in a manner similar to acute coronary syndrome. In rare cases, the myocardium of the right ventricle is dominantly damaged. In cases of lymphocytic myocarditis, a common type of fulminant myocarditis, cardiac function is often recovered after peak myocardial inflammation subsides; however, some cases show irreversible myocardial damage. Herein, we report the case of a 43‐year‐old woman with irreversible, right‐side dominant ventricular myocardial damage; she presented with various cardiopulmonary conditions including complete atrioventricular block, ventricular tachycardia, right heart failure, right ventricular thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. The patient was successfully treated with medications and a cardiac resynchronization therapy‐defibrillator device.
Synthesis and Fluorescence Mechanism of the Aminoimidazolone Analogues of the Green Fluorescent Protein: Towards Advanced Dyes with Enhanced Stokes Shift, Quantum Yield and Two‐Photon Absorption
Authors: Kovács Ervin , Cseri Levente , Jancsó Attila , Terényi Ferenc , Fülöp Anna , Rózsa Balázs , Galbács Gábor , Mucsi Zoltán 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNovel small‐molecular analogues the green fluorescence protein (GFP) chromophore were synthesised to expand and improve this fluorophore family and to deepen the understanding of their fluorescence mechanism. The introduction of an aminophenyl substituent and the repositioning of the hydroxyl group, to enable strong intramolecular hydrogen bonding, not only enhanced fluorescence emission but also resulted in an increased Stokes shift and a considerable redshift. Experimental and computational results described dual fluorescence involving both excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer and internal charge transfer (ESIPT‐ICT) mechanisms. Screening of the pH and the solvent medium revealed a complicated equilibrium involving hydrogen bonding, protonation and deprotonation that influences the absorption and emission spectra. Further improvement of the photophysical properties via the systematic variation of dialkylamino substituents at a single position of the chromophore led to a two‐orders of magnitude enhancement in the quantum yields. In addition, the novel compounds also have significant two‐photon absorption, which widens the possibilities for applications in the field of bioimaging.
Recommendations on the management of pudendal nerve entrapment syndrome: A formalised expert consensus
Authors: Levesque Amélie , Bautrant Eric , Quistrebert Virginie , Valancogne Guy , Riant Thibault , Beer Gabel Marc , Leroi Anne‐Marie , Jottard Katleen , Bruyninx Luc , Amarenco Gerard , Quintas Lara , Picard Pascale , Vancaillie Thierry , Leveque Christine , Mohy Frédérique , Rioult Bruno , Ploteau Stéphane , Labat Jean‐Jacques , Guinet‐Lacoste Amandine , Quinio Bertrand , Cosson Michel , Haddad Rebecca , Deffieux Xavier , Perrouin‐Verbe Marie‐Aimée , Garreau Claire , Robert Roger 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundSince the development and publication of diagnostic criteria for pudendal nerve entrapment (PNE) syndrome in 2008, no comprehensive work has been published on the clinical knowledge in the management of this condition. The aim of this work was to develop recommendations on the diagnosis and the management of PNE.MethodsThe methodology of this study was based on French High Authority for Health Method for the development of good practice and the literature review was based on the PRISMA method. The selected articles have all been evaluated according to the American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians assessment grid.ResultsThe results of the literature review and expert consensus are incorporated into 10 sections to describe diagnosis and management of PNE: (1) diagnosis of PNE, (2) patients advice and precautions, (3) drugs treatments, (4) physiotherapy, (5) transcutaneous electrostimulations (TENS), (6) psychotherapy, (7) injections, (8) surgery, (9) pulsed radiofrequency, and (10) Neuromodulation. The following major points should be noted: (i) the relevance of 4+1 Nantes criteria for diagnosis; (ii) the preference for initial monotherapy with tri‐tetracyclics or gabapentinoids; (iii) the lack of effect of opiates, (iv) the likely relevance (pending more controlled studies) of physiotherapy, TENS and cognitive behavioural therapy; (v) the incertitudes (lack of data) regarding corticoid injections, (vi) surgery is a long term effective treatment and (vii) radiofrequency needs a longer follow‐up to be currently proposed in this indication.ConclusionThese recommendations should allow rational and homogeneous management of patients suffering from PNE. They should also allow to shorten the delays of management by directing the primary care.SignificancePudendal nerve entrapment (PNE) has only been known for about 20 years and its management is heterogeneous from one practitioner to another. This work offers a synthesis of the literature and international experts' opinions on the diagnosis and management of PNE.
Analyzing ignition data for fire modeling purposes
Authors: Babrauskas Vytenis 
Published: October 2021

SummaryFire models, or other fire safety engineering tools, may require that input data be supplied for characterizing the ignition of combustible solids. This may be done in ad hoc manner and result in poor realism for modeling the ignition process. Extensive research on the ignition of solid materials has been done in recent decades, notably in characterizing the ignition time as a function of incident heat flux. This paper summarizes the highlights of what has been learned during such research. It then offers the user algorithms that may prove useful in the development or advancement of fire models. The suggested methods can also be valuable to performing simple (i.e., spreadsheet‐based) analysis of ignition data in order to extract effective thermophysicochemical properties of tested materials. Procedures for both thermally thick and thermally thin solids are presented. The previously developed procedures for a constant heating flux are extended to a time‐varying heat flux, with the latter based on the Duhamel superposition principle.
The case of Sparkle Rai: A violent patriarchal narrative of conspiratorial kinship and race
Authors: Doucet‐Battle James 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article explores how the absence of a robust anthropological analysis of intersecting kinship obligations obscured a more complete public understanding of a horrific crime and the patriarchal (ir)rationality it underlined. The following court trial that I witnessed in its entirety on the CourtTV channel in the United States, necessitated an anthropological analysis that neither legal nor media analysts could perform, at the peril of failing to understand the contextual drivers of such criminal (ir)rationality. I argue that patriarchal affinities can often work beyond cultural, religious, or racial differences in reproducing gender and anti‐Blackness through unlikely partnerships predicated upon a shared disregard for women's lives. I proceed, therefore, from a standpoint that views violence against women as rooted in what I call conspiratorial kinship not in culture, religion, race, or ethnicity (Abu‐Lughod 2011, 17). The case in question will demonstrate how these social domains serve as validating proxies legitimating violence against offending women in the problematic name of honor.
Sepur Zarco, Guatemala: “Bodying Forth” and forensic aesthetics of witnessing in the courtroom and beyond
Authors: Posocco Silvia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDrawing on long‐term anthropological research in Guatemala, the article examines the case of sexual and labor slavery in armed conflict known as ‘Sepur Zarco’. Focusing on the scene of selected court hearings related to events that took place in a military base near the village of Sepur Zarco, Izabal, between 1982 and 1986, the analysis focuses on ‘bodying forth’ (Das 2007), as a process of witnessing, materialization and subjectification that emerges in the declarations of the different parties, as they conjure up Dominga Cuc Coc, a local Maya Q'eqchi’ woman, on the riverbank washing army uniforms under duress, or as the body of the forensic exhumation. ‘Bodying forth’ is tied to performative forensic imaginaries and forensic aesthetics in the courtroom, the broader Guatemalan body politic, and beyond. It challenges the epistemological underpinnings of law and science to re‐center the necessary differential and differentiated accounts of the witnesses and their appeals to justice.
Amaranth selective hydrolyzed protein influence on sourdough fermentation and wheat bread quality
Authors: Karimi Nayereh , Zeynali Fariba , Rezazad Bari Mahmoud , Nikoo Mehdi , Mohtarami Forogh , Kadivar Mahdi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAmaranth selective hydrolyzed protein (ASPH) may improve sourdough properties and bread quality. In this regard, this study focused on investigating the influence of protein hydrolysates on sourdough fermentation and bread properties. Based on the findings, ASPH further increased Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae growth in sourdough compared with amaranth protein isolates and amaranth flour. ASPH at 5 g/kg resulted in sourdough with higher pH and total titratable acidity (TTA) after 20 h of fermentation at 30°C. The prepared sourdough using APH (S‐ASPH) at 3 g/kg increased the specific volume (4.57 ml/g) and TTA (4.76 ml) while decreasing water activity, hardness, cohesiveness, and chewiness of the bread (S‐ASPH‐B) compared with the control. Moreover, transition temperature and enthalpy reduced whereas sensory properties and shelf life represented an increase with S‐ASPH addition. Overall, the obtained data indicated the improvement of bread quality by S‐ASPH sourdough.
NEK6 is an injury‐responsive kinase cooperating with STAT3 in regulation of reactive astrogliosis
Authors: Yu Ying , Shen Tianjin , Zhong Xiaoling , Wang Lei‐Lei , Tai Wenjiao , Zou Yuhua , Qin Jun , Zhang Zhaohui , Zhang Chun‐Li 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn response to brain injury, resident astrocytes become reactive and play dynamic roles in neural repair and regeneration. The signaling pathways underlying such reactive astrogliosis remain largely unclear. We here show that NEK6, a NIMA‐related serine/threonine protein kinase, is rapidly induced following pathological stimulations and plays critical roles in reactive astrogliosis. Enhanced NEK6 expression promotes reactive astrogliosis and exacerbates brain lesions; and conversely, NEK6 downregulation dampens injury‐induced astrocyte reactivity and reduces lesion size. Mechanistically, NEK6 associates with and phosphorylates STAT3. Kinase activity of NEK6 is required for induction of GFAP and PCNA, markers of reactive astrogliosis. Interestingly, NEK6 is also localized in the nucleus and binds to STAT3‐responsive genomic elements in astrocytes. These results indicate that NEK6 constitutes a molecular target for the regulation of reactive astrogliosis.
Mosquito‐borne disease and newborn health
Authors: Sanfelice Viviane 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhile mosquito‐borne diseases are currently most prevalent in mid‐latitude countries, rising global temperatures could expand their range. This paper investigates whether one such disease, dengue, harms newborns. The empirical design exploits epidemiological patterns of the disease spreading. Dengue infection rates in the mother's municipality of residence which prevailed during the gestation period are instrumented with exogenous factors that determine dengue incidence in municipalities that have tight social connections to the maternal municipality. Using a large longitudinal dataset of Brazilian birth records, I find that a higher dengue rate during the third trimester of gestation has a detrimental effect on birth weight. In utero exposure to dengue also increases the probability of cesarean delivery and can lead to more serious consequences such as increased fetal and maternal mortality rates.