bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Female monopolizability promotes within-community killing in chimpanzees
Authors: Massaro Anthony , Wroblewski Emily , Mjungu Deus , Boehm Emily , Desai Nisarg , Foerster Steffen , Rudicell Rebecca , Hahn Beatrice , Pusey Anne , Wilson Michael L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Male chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) defend group territories and sometimes kill members of rival communities — a pattern often compared to human warfare1-3. Male chimpanzees also sometimes kill grown males from their own community4-9. Such within-community killings are puzzling, as they reduce the coalition strength needed to win inter-community contests5,10. Here we examine the contexts of within-community killing using data from two neighboring communities at Gombe National Park, Tanzania, as well as published data from other long-term chimpanzee study sites. At Gombe, more killing occurred within the smaller Mitumba community, where fertile females were more monopolizable. Attackers increased their share of mating and paternity following known and inferred killings. Other factors proposed to explain such killings, including the degree of intercommunity threat, male-biased sex ratios, high population density, or generalized aggression, did not explain the high rates of killing in Mitumba. Comparing across study sites, the best predictor of within-community killing was an index of the degree to which fertile females can be monopolized by the highest ranking male11. Our findings therefore support the hypothesis that within-community killing is a strategy to eliminate reproductive rivals that is more likely to pay off when fertile females are more easily monopolized.
WITHDRAWN: Phytochemical and Molecular Dynamic Analysis of Novel Biomolecule Lancifotarene Extracted From Conocarpus Lancifolius as Cytotoxic, Antiurease and Antidiabetic Agent
Authors: Saadullah Malik , Asif Muhammad , Bibi Shabana , Shah Muhammad Ajmal , Chohan Tahir Ali , Rasul Azhar , Uzair Muhammad , Alqarni Mohammed , Elazab Sara T. , El-saber Gaber 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A systematic study is designed to evaluate medicinal effects of dichloromethane extract and a novel compound from Conocarpus lancifolius which belongs to Family Combretaceae. Pharmacological experimental and computational analysis is performed for evaluation of anticancer, antidiuretic, alpha-glycosidase and antioxidant properties. Pharmacological potential of C. lancifolius extract and novel compound was determined for cytotoxic, antidiuretic, alpha glycosidase and antioxidant by using in vitro experimental analysis. Isolated novel compound lancifotarene showed cytotoxicity towards cancer cell lines including murine lymphocytic leukemia (P-388, IC50 = 2.65 μg/ml), human colon cancer (Col-2, IC50 = 0.84 μg/ml), human breast cancer (MCF-7, IC50 = 0.72 μg/ml), while no cytotoxicity observed towards human lung cancer (Lu-1), rat normal glioma cells (ASK, IC50 = 11.6 μg/ml) and human embryonic kidney cells (Kek293, IC50 = 6.74 μg/ml). Percentage inhibition at 0.5 mM of lancifotarene towards Urease inhibition was 66.54 ± 0.26 with IC50 = 162.70 ± 0.21 μM, and 82.58 ± 0.19 with IC50 = 72.45 ± 0.20 μM towards α-glucosidase inhibition. Molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations reveal the stability of complexes by evaluation of root mean square deviation which correlate with the experimental findings, and identified lancifotarene as potential anti-proliferative, urease and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory agent.
Mapping QTL For Seedling Morphological and Physiological Traits Under Normal and Salt Treatments&nbsp;in a RIL Wheat Population
Authors: Luo Qiaoling , Hu Pan , Yang Guotang , Li Hongwei , Liu Liqin , Wang Zishan , Li Bin , Li Zhensheng , Zheng Qi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Soil salinity seriously constrains wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production globally by influencing its growth and development. To explore the genetic base of salt tolerance in wheat, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between high-yield wheat cultivar Zhongmai 175 (ZM175) and salt tolerant cultivar Xiaoyan 60 (XY60) was used to map QTL for seedling traits under normal and salt treatments based on a high-density genetic linkage map. A total of 158 stable additive QTL for 27 morphological and physiological traits were identified and distributed on all wheat chromosomes except 3A and 4D. They explained 2.35%–46.43% of the phenotypic variation with a LOD score range of 2.61–40.38. Among them, 39 QTL were detected under both normal and salt treatments, while 80 and another 39 QTL were detected under only normal and salt treatment, respectively. The alleles from XY60 increased corresponding traits for 100 QTL, while the alleles from ZM175 had positive effects for the other 58 QTL. Nearly half of the QTL (78/158) were mapped in nine QTL clusters on chromosomes 2A, 2B, 2D, 4B, 5A, 5B, 5D, and 7D (2), respectively. To prove the reliability and potentiality in molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS), seven QTL intervals were validated in two other genetic populations. In addition, besides additive QTL (a), epistatic (aa) and QTL-by-environment (at) interaction effects were also analyzed here. It was shown that 94 pairs of loci were detected with significant epistatic effect and 20 QTL were found to interact with treatment. This study provides a full elucidation of the genetic base of seedling traits (especially root system related traits) associated with salt tolerance in wheat, and the developed kompetitive allele specific PCR markers closely linked to stable QTL would supply strong supports to MAS in salt tolerant wheat breeding.
Improved Cognition and Preserved Hippocampal Fractional Anisotropy in Subjects Undergoing Carotid Endarterectomy
Authors: Bernstein Adam , Guzman Gloria , Arias Juan , Bruck Denise , Berman Scott , Leon Luis , Pacanowski John , Zhou Wei , Goshima Kay , Tan Tze-Woei , Altbach Maria , Trouard Theodore , Weinkauf Craig 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A growing body data indicates that extracranial carotid artery disease can contribute to cognitive impairment. However, there have been mixed reports regarding the benefit of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) as it relates to preserving cognitive function. In this work, diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) is used to provide insight into structural brain changes that occur because of significant carotid artery stenosis, as well as changes that occur in response to CEA. The study design was a prospective, non-randomized, controlled study that enrolled patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Fourteen subjects had severe ECAD ≥70% stenosis in at least one carotid artery and were scheduled to undergo surgery). Thirteen had ECAD with <70% stenosis or occluded, therefore not requiring surgery. All subjects underwent neurocognitive testing using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test and high angular resolution, multi-shell diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) of the brain at baseline and at four-six months follow-up. Changes in MoCA scores as well as in Fractional anisotropy along the hippocampus were compared at baseline and follow-up. At baseline, fractional anisotropy (FA) was significantly lower along the ipsilateral hippocampus in subjects with severe ECAD compared to subjects without severe ECAD. MoCA scores were lower in these individuals but this did not reach statistical significance. At follow-up, MoCA scores increased significantly in subjects who underwent CEA and remained statistically equal in control subjects that did not have CEA. FA remained unchanged in the CEA group, and decreased in the control group. This study suggests that CEA improves cognition and preserves hippocampal white matter structure compared to control subjects not undergoing CEA.
Azithromycin Concentrations During Long-Term Regimen in Patients With MALT Lymphoma
Authors: Scheibenpflug Raphael , Obermüller Markus , Reznicek Gottfried , Neuper Ortrun , Lamm Wolfgang W. , Raderer Markus , Lagler Heimo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
IntroductionIn view of the antineoplastic effects of the macrolide clarithromycin in mucosa associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)-lymphoma, we performed a pilot study assessing levels of azithromycin in plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) of MALT-lymphoma patients to determine the pharmacokinetics and potential influences of respective concentrations on the therapeutic outcome.Material and methodsIn total 16 patients with MALT-lymphoma received 1.5g of oral azithromycin once-weekly over 6 months. Blood was sampled directly prior to the following dose every 4 weeks during treatment. Drug levels were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography in plasma and intracellularly in PBMC and PMN. They were correlated with patients’ age, weight and body-mass-index and compared between patients responsive or unresponsive to treatment.ResultsMean azithromycin plasma levels of all patients were 58.97±30.48 ng/ml, remaining stable throughout the treatment period. Correlation analysis of plasma azithromycin showed no significance. Intracellular PBMC concentrations were 6648±8479 ng/ml, without any significant difference between responders and non-responders. Mean PMN levels were 39274±25659 ng/ml and significantly higher in patients unresponsive to treatment (t=2.858, p=0.017).ConclusionOur drug regime led to continuously high plasma and exceedingly high intracellular concentrations of azithromycin in PBMC and PMN. Age, weight or body-mass-index had no significant influence on plasma levels and thence should not be considered in dosage finding. High AZM levels in PBMC did not lead to a better treatment response, whereas enrichment in PMN suggested a poorer outcome. The threshold for immunomodulatory effects on lymphoma cells might not have been reached. Additionally, the finding of stable plasma and intracellular concentrations over months with high-dose azithromycin administered in intervals might also be important for the further design of azithromycin-based trials against MALT-lymphoma.
Integrating Ultra-Wideband and Free Space Optical Communication for Realizing a Secure and High Throughput Body Area Network Architecture Based on Optical Code Division Multiple Access
Authors: Mirza Jawad , Imtiaz Waqas , Ghafoor Salman Abdul 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Nodes in a body area network (BAN) are miniature wearable or implantable battery-powered wireless sensors which continuously transmit real time vital physiological data of a patient to remote health-care center while remaining in close proximity to the human body. Therefore, BAN nodes should have the features of high data rates and low transmit powers in order to protect the human body, environment and bio-medical equipment from harmful exposure of electromagnetic radiations and electromagnetic interference (EMI). Ultra-wideband (UWB) signals have low allowable transmission power and high data rates. Therefore, we propose a low cost, low powered and secure optical body area network (OBAN) composed of four UWB-BAN nodes each transmitting at a data rate of 30 Mbps. At the control node, UWB signals from UWB-BAN nodes are encoded using spectral amplitude coding-optical code division multiple access (SAC-OCDMA) scheme and the combined signal is transmitted over free space optics (FSO) channel towards remote health-care center. At the health-care center, the combined signal is decoded and UWB signal of each UWB-BAN node is photodetected for analysis of patient's data. Log-Normal channel model is considered between control node and the health-care center. The signal received from each UWB-BAN after propagation through the FSO channel is analyzed through Bit error rate (BER) results. It was observed that the proposed architecture requires the UWB-BAN nodes to have low receiver sensitivities with the added benefits of cost-efficiency and data security.
International Conference on Advanced and Competitive Manufacturing Technologies
Authors: Lukina Svetlana , Korshunova Elena 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article considers methodology for assessing efficiency of digital transformation of industrial company production activity in a multi- techno-economic structure. The method allows forming, assessing and comparing a whole set of permitted alternative options of innovative solutions taking into account the set of technological repartitions of the business system of the industrial enterprise. It is shown that the imbalance of the multistructure of technological repartitions in industry is a serious barrier to its digital development. The massive introduction of cyberphysical systems into production, qualifying as the Industry 4.0 concept, is a global trend in the development of the technosphere. This concept involves the integration of modern information technology and communication networks with production equipment to organize, control and manage the entire chain of value creation processes in the product life cycle. The basis of the developed methodology is a complex of mathematical models for the formation of means of equipping production processes with digital technology; a total of partial criteria to assess the efficiency of the company production activity as a result of digital technology; searching for an optimal problem solution. A general system for the assessment include partial criteria of two classification groups: characterizing the manufacturing process and characterizing the production activity output. The process of digital transformation is presented in the form of the algorithm for the assessment of digital technology introduction efficiency within the already existing or being developed corporate information system. The automation of the developed method is conducted with software tools.
The Research of the Agglomeration Process During the Formation of an Abrasive-Polymer Compound for Waterjet Cutting in a Fluidized bed Installation
Authors: Kozhus Olga , Barsukov Gennady 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article deals with the issues that allow creating conditions that exclude the formation of abrasive agglomerations in the process of applying a polymer coating in installations with a fluidized bed. The authors pay attention to the stages of agglomeration of the abrasive in the fluidized bed, as well as possible situations that arise when one particle collides with another. The problem of agglomeration development in the installation chamber is relevant, as it directly affects the quality of the coating, its uniformity. In addition, the critical size of the agglomerations will stop the coating process and lead to large material losses. The research carried out in the article on the process of obtaining a new effective abrasive material for waterjet cutting makes it possible to increase the cutting capabilities of a water jet.
Influence of Breast Cancer and Metastases on Incidence of Diabetes
Authors: Ballinger Tarah , Liu Ziyue , El-Azab Sarah A. , Broyles Andrea , Guise Theresa , Imel Erik A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Diabetes increases the risk of subsequent breast cancer. However, the inverse relationship of breast cancer to incident diabetes development is unclear. In preclinical models increased bone turnover due to bone metastases or endocrine therapies impacts insulin secretion. This analysis was conducted to estimate the incidence of diabetes after breast cancer and the influence of metastases and therapeutic agents.Methods: This retrospective case-control study combined data from a large electronic health data exchange and the Indiana State Cancer Registry on breast cancer patients and controls between 2007 and 2017. Primary exposure was presence of breast cancer and bone or non-bone metastases. The primary outcome was frequency of incident diabetes detected by ICD codes, medication use, or laboratory results, compared between breast cancer cases and controls using conditional or ordinary logistic regressions.Results: 36,083 cases and 36,083 matched controls were detected. Incident diabetes was higher in early stage breast cancer (OR 1.17, 95%CI 1.11-1.23, p<0.0001) and metastatic breast cancer (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.25-2.09, p=0.0002), compared to controls. Bone metastases conferred higher odds of both pre-existing (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.03-1.63, p=0.0272) and incident diabetes (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.19-2.25, p=0.0021). Endocrine therapy was associated with reduced diabetes (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.79-0.83, p=0.002). Anti-resorptives reduced incident diabetes in those with bone metastases (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.25-0.78, p=0.005). Conclusion: Breast cancer, especially with metastases, increases subsequent risk of diabetes. As patients with breast cancer live longer, identifying and managing diabetes may impact treatment delivery, cost, survival, and quality of life.
Patient Characteristics and Evolution of Surgical Management of Gastric/ Gastro-esophageal Junction (GOJ) Adenocarcinoma From 1998 to 2018: Experience From a Single Gastrointestinal Surgical Unit in a Resource Limited Setting
Authors: Subasinghe Duminda , Priyantha TG Amal 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Gastric/gastro-oesopageal junctional adenocarcinoma/ (GC/GOJ CA) is the fourth commonly diagnosed cancer and the second commonest cancer related cause of death worldwide. Curative therapy for GC involves surgical resection with an accompanying lymphadenectomy. Yet, most of the GC/GOJ tumours are inoperable at presentation and has a poor prognosis in our setup probably due to the absence of screening programme. The objective of this study was to describe the operability and curative resection rate and outcomes of gastric/GOJ adenocarcinoma in Sri Lankan setting from 1998 to 2018.Methodology- In a retrospective analysis of prospectively maintained data from, surgery for GCs in a tertiary care center over a period of 21 years. All patients underwent surgery for GC/GOJ adenocarcinoma by single gastrointestinal surgeon. Results: There were 153 patients with mean age of 57.4(22 to 84) years. The majority (n=109) were Males (Male: Female was 2.3 : 1) . There were 88(56.4%) distal, 60(39.2%) proximal and 5(3.2%) diffuse cancers. Only 82 (53.6 %) patients underwent curative resection. Only 3 patients underwent palliative major resection (total gastrectomy(n=1), distal gastrectomy(n=2) Among curative resections,51(62.2%) had distal gastrectomy and 17(20.7%) had total gastrectomy.R0 resection was performed in 75 (91.5%), and 6 (7.3%) had microscopic positive margins (R1). Resectability of the proximal GCs (48.3%, n=29) was lower (63.4%, n=54) than the distal GCs (p= 0.117). Further, resectability among patients with GCs has not increased significantly over the past 21 years.Conclusions: Majority of the patients especially with proximal GC are inoperable at presentation. Despite the availability of endoscopes the operability has not changed significantly over the years. Given the low incidence, screening for GC is not seemingly feasible in Sri Lanka. Therefore an attempt has to be made to identify those with high risk factors during diagnostic endoscopic procedures.
Mathematical Model for Tapping Simulation to Predict Radial Pitch Diameter Difference of threads
Authors: Ren Jie , Yan Xianguo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
As the most important component of parts, thread has a great influence on the mechanical properties and service performance of parts. In order to ensure the quality of the thread, the thread quality inspection standard involves 11 main thread characteristics, of which the surface roughness of the thread is the most studied, and the research on Radial Pitch Diameter Difference (RPDD) is still blank. In this paper, a quasi-static model of the tapping process is developed based on the roundness error mechanism of the hole, which includes cutting force and cutting damping force. Due to the regenerative nature of cutting, the force on each cutting edge depends on both the tool’s current position and previous position. According to the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the discrete state-transition matrix, RPDD is finally determined, and the influence of the chamfer length and the spindle speed on RPDD is simulated by this model. The results demonstrate that the chamfer length and spindle speed will affect RPDD, and the RPDD is the smallest when the chamfer length is 2 threads and the spindle speed is 1400 rev/min. The development of this model not only provides a cheap and effective method for the study of RPDD, but also lays a foundation for further experimental research.
Investigation on Ultra-high Temperature Forging Process Based on DEFORM-3D Simulation
Authors: Yong-qiang Wu , Kai-kun Wang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Green manufacturing and forming technology is becoming increasingly important in modern industry. In this study, a new forging technology with the ultra-high temperature demoulding is introduced, in which conventional reheating process could be avoided. The DEFORM-3D software simulated the forging process and the temperature fields were obtained. The traditional forging process was simulated when the initial forging temperature was 1220℃. The highest temperature of the ingot in the new forging technology was about 200℃ higher than that of the traditional forging process. We cut the ingot longitudinally along the centerline. Nine points on the axis of the cutting plane and nine points on the radial direction were selected. The equivalent stress and the equivalent strain of these points were compared respectively under the two forging processes by using the particle tracking method. The variation laws of the equivalent stress and the equivalent strain with the reduction were obtained. According to the variation laws, the typical points which were easy to crack under two different forging processes were found. Based on the flow stress-strain curve calculated by the software JMatPro®, the new forging technology could avoid hot cracking.
Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide Synthetase 1 Is an Up-regulated Prognostic Marker Correlated With Immune Infiltrates in Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhang Lei , Deng Jia-Peng , Tang Ru , Sun Jia-Yuan , Chi Feng , Wu San-Gang , He Zhen-Yu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Flavin adenine dinucleotide synthetase 1 (FLAD1) is a prognostic biomarker in several cancers. This study aimed to identify its effect on survival and potential mechanism in breast cancer (BRCA).Methods: We used the OncoMine, PrognoScan, and UALCAN databases and Kaplan-Meier Plotter to explore FLAD1 expression and survival prognosis in pan-cancer and BRCA. The LinkedOmics database, Gene Ontology-Biological Process (GO-BP), and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were used for co-expression analyses. The Tumor Immune Estimation Resource, Sangerbox online tools, and the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis database analyzed the relationship between FLAD1 and cancer immune infiltrates. Results: FLAD1 expression was higher in tumor tissue than adjacent normal tissue in many cancers. Increased FLAD1 expression was correlated with poor overall, relapse-free, and disease-free survival in BRCA. The KEGG pathway and GO-BP analyses showed that FLAD1 expression was correlated to the tRNA metabolic process and mitochondrial gene expression. The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) and methylation status indicated a potential BRCA metastasis mechanism. Immune infiltration was associated with MMR, improved BRCA prognosis, and was negatively associated with FLAD1 expression. High FLAD1 expression led to the down-regulation of macrophages and monocyte infiltration, which might relate to cancer metastasis.Conclusions: FLAD1 expression is higher in BRCA than in normal tissue. High FLAD1 expression was associated with worse survival and might be associated with MMR pathway and immune infiltrations. These results suggest that FLAD1 could serve as a novel biomarker for prognosis and metastasis in BRCA.