bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between beer consumption per capita and number of active breweries in the selected European countries
Authors: Szarková Xénia , Savov Radovan 
Published: December 2021

Research background: Craft beer is becoming one of the most popular alcoholic beverages globally, during the last decade. Additionally, industrial beer producers started to offer some special craft beer types that prove the rising demand for differentiated beer products.
Purpose of the article: Since one of our common fields of interest is the development of the brewing industry, we intended to provide an overview of a recent trend in this sector, which is the expansion of craft breweries. As the data reveals, this trend has been present in various European countries, as well. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to show that the trend of craft brewing is present in countries with strong brewing history such as Belgium, the Czech Republic, or Germany, and in those countries which are not considered as typical beer producers because of their location and culture.
Methods: The information provided in this paper was retrieved mainly from scientific papers that focus on the brewing industry and the craft beer revolution. To be able to offer transparent and understandable results, we retrieved data from the reports of Brewers of Europe, which is a European non-profit association. Therefore, the research methods used are the comparison of quantitative data and correlation.
Findings & Value added: The paper provides an overview of the expanding craft beer industry in the selected European countries and how strong the relation between beer consumption per capita (l) and number of active breweries is.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the shopping behaviour of customers of selected global brand marketing strategy
Authors: Vrtana David 
Published: December 2021

Research background:Research will highlight the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Mc Donald’s brand marketing strategy. In the research, we will analyze the internal and external environment of the global brand. We will find out how the current pandemic situation has affected the customer shopping behavior of the global brand Mc Donald’s.Purpose of the article:In this article, we point out the importance of analyzing customers’ shopping behavior before and during a pandemic. We identify differences in shopping behavior before and during a pandemic. We will confirm whether our research identifies differences in the behavioral characteristics of the global brand’s shopping behavior in terms of differences and penetration.Methods:We used the methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison and generalization to assess the theoretical assumptions of purchasing behavior and marketing strategy. By comparison and generalization, we compare the financial performance of the brand during the COVID-19 pandemic. We will evaluate its significance in relation to shopping behavior. We will also use an analysis of the internal and external environment to identify the right marketing strategy for the global Mc Donald’s brand. Subsequently, we compare the results and identify the possibilities of adapting the marketing strategy with respect to purchasing behavior before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.Findings & Value added:We will point out the importance of the shopping behavior of Mc Donald’s global brand customers before and during the pandemic. We will find out how customers’ shopping behavior has changed and we will identify this change to the marketing strategy.
Cryptocurrencies: They´re really that lucrative?
Authors: Blazek Roman 
Published: December 2021

Research background: Cryptocurrency is a digital currency that is intended for online trading. It uses and implements the principles of cryptography to create a distributed, decentralized and secure digital currency. Virtual money is a new and promising branch of the virtual economy that brings many advantages and disadvantages in a global sense. Many people have become involved in cryptocurrency hype because high investments in this digital money have been seized during the pandemic. The rise in revenues from this digital money has gripped the world globally.
Purpose of the article: The basic purpose and chosen goal is to analyze the use of cryptomen trading during the global Covid-19 pandemic, as well as investing in these alternative sources of investment, which are gaining more attention every day precisely because of their freedom and detachment.
Methods: The article will analyze data that will be compared based on the years before the Covid-19 pandemic and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on these data, the investment activity of people, companies, corporations is compared.
Findings & Value added: Based on the results in the article, it was found that during the Covid-19 pandemic, the interest in investing in cryptocurrencies increased compared to the interest in investing in cryptocurrencies before the pandemic. The overall result is that people are moving to a new way of holding money, as cryptocurrencies are a new way to the future, as banks are unable to provide such returns from client deposits as cryptocurrencies, but they are associated with much greater risk.
The global aspect of investing
Authors: Gabrikova Barbora 
Published: December 2021

Research background: Investing in the capital market is one of the ways for an investor to increase his income. Investing in the capital market is described as very risky, but it provides us with an opportunity to achieve high returns. There is an infinite number of assets on the market that an investor can include in his portfolio, and which assets he chooses to invest in will ultimately affect the return and risk of the created portfolio. Therefore, the investor should think rationally and should try to reduce the risk of his investment.
Purpose of the article: This article aims to point out the effect of diversification through the creation of a portfolio of financial assets.
Methods: This paper uses modern portfolio theory and focuses on the use of the Markowitz model. The optimal weights of individual assets in the compiled portfolio are calculated using the Lagrange function. We use data on weekly closing prices of individual stocks, commodity and mutual fund.
Findings & Value added: The main finding was that the risk associated with the created portfolio is lower than the risk associated with investing in individual assets.
Sensitivity analysis of Economic Value Added as a dominant indicator of concept of economic profit
Authors: Karpac Dusan , Bartosova Viera 
Published: December 2021

Research background: The modern goal of enterprises, value creation, is achieved through the concept of economic profit. Profit, as part of profit or loss, is one of the most important flows, pointing to how efficiently corporate capital is used in an entity (Coatney & Poliak, 2020). The article deals with the difference between accounting and economic profit, the selected form of economic profit - the EVA indicator. The economic value added (EVA) indicator is one of the best-known modern indicators of a company's performance (Siekelova et al., 2019). It shows whether the given entity increases its value or only earns for its economic survival. The benefit of this indicator is the valuation of equity and taking into account the risk. It is difficult to express the economic profit itself, therefore the article also addresses the issue of its calculation (Shah et al., 2016). The company needs to know its financial status and the direction it is heading, so we decided to calculate a selected form of economic profit.
Purpose of the article: The company needs to know its financial status and the direction it is heading, so we decided to calculate a selected form of economic profit. When expressing the value of the economic value added indicator, it is also important to know the items and components of the calculation that have the strongest meaning and effect on the possible amount of the indicator. Given this, we decided to use a sensitivity analysis, which points to the effect of individual variables that participate in the construction of the EVA calculation.
Methods: In this work, the methods of induction, deduction, and comparison were used to obtain a true picture of the subject issue. Methods of synthesis and analysis of the researched issues were also used.
Findings & Value added: In the paper there is pointed out the intensity of the impact of individual variables that entered into the calculation of the economic value added indicator as a dominant indicator of concept of economic profit.
Bitcoin: an alternative currency to pay for goods and services or a useful investment tool?
Authors: Rowland Zuzana , Suler Petr , Cajkovicova Bohdana 
Published: December 2021

Research background: Bitcoin is defined as digital money in a peer-to-peer decentralized payment network, an amalgam hybrid between fiat and commodity currency without a real value. This digital currency is also independent of any government or currency administration.
Purpose of the article: This article explores whether bitcoin works as a medium of exchange or relates to assets, focusing on its current use and future utility regarding its characteristics.
Methods: Analysing bitcoin statistical features, we found no connection with traditional asset categories such as stock, bonds and commodities either in intermediate time, or periods of financial crises.
Findings & Value added: The study suggests that investors’ abiding interest in bitcoins can have a positive impact on their liquidity in the real time.
Multinational banks and the formation of debt-type economy in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Zapotichna Roksolana , Murshudli Fakhri , Dilbazi Erkin 
Published: December 2021

Research background: Given the fact that multinational banks’ credit activity leads to the accumulation of external debt in the borrowing countries, which potentially contributes to the formation of a debt-type economy, more in-depth research of the scope and consequences of such impact on the example of specific recipients is required.
Purpose of the article: The purpose of the article is to develop theoretical and methodological bases of the study of multinational banks’ lending activity in terms of debt-type economy on the example of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe.
Methods: A system of general scientific and special research methods, namely, statistical (correlation analysis, in particular), structural-functional and comparative analysis, has been applied to achieve the above-mentioned purpose.
Findings & Value added: The results of the study indicate that multinational banks’ direct cross-border lending remains an important source of external debt accumulation and the formation of a debt-type economy in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Based on the assessment of the external debt indicators of the countries under the study, it has been determined that they all can be classified as debt-type economies. At the same time, the countries of the group still remain significantly differentiated in terms of relative indicators of direct cross-border lending and external debt. It has been concluded that multinational banks’ aggressive lending strategy during the growth phase in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe has exacerbated the problem of external indebtedness during the recession phase.
Assessment of the state of worldwide-used intellectual property in the industry specialized design activities
Authors: Rakova Monika 
Published: December 2021

Research background: The cultural and creative industries are one of the main drivers of the economy throughout the European Union. There is a strong competition in the creation of creative products or services. Current protection of the creation of given products and services helps to prevent mistakes that can often have liquidating consequences for artists. There is a lot of competitive pressure on social networks. It is therefore necessary for these artists to be made aware of the protection of their work, in which they have invested their time, funds and efficiency with regard to the protection of intellectual property to gain a very important role in their industry.
Purpose of the article: The main purpose is to point out the use of intellectual industry rights in a selected branch of the creative industry - in the sector of specialized design activities based on questionnaire survey realized at first half of this year.
Methods: The basic methods that were used in the processing of the paper include generally applied methods such as analysis, synthesis, induction or deduction. In the application part of the presented paper, we used the results of a questionnaire survey among companies operating in the field of specialized design activities.
Findings & Value added: As the added value can be considered the assessment of the state of worldwide-used intellectual property protection among companies in the selected sector of the creative industry, which was significantly affected by pandemic Covid-19. Another conclusion is the proposal of possible solutions to increase the protection of their intellectual activity.
“Hotel – OTA” interaction and its influence on the optimization of urban hotels’ distribution channels
Authors: Atanasova Irina , Ivanov Ivaylo 
Published: December 2021

Research background: The interaction between hotels and the online travel agencies (OTAs) influences the hotel sales, creating dependencies, which the hotel managers are reluctant to accept. The indicators that evaluate urban hotel sales in Bulgaria in the scope of partnership with OTA are examined. The influence of the modern digital tools to enhance business performance results is reviewed.
Purpose of the article: Focusing on Bulgarian urban hotels, the research measures the impact of diverse factors for shaping an adequate business model of an urban hotel. The effect of the share of the hotel sales via OTA platforms, the number of OTAs used, the occupancy rate, the RevPAR and the Booking.com rating score is considered. Finding an appropriate model for digital behavior of urban hotel enterprises is one of the aims of the survey.
Methods: A questionnaire distributed among urban hotels situated in industrial towns of Bulgaria is conducted. Linear regression and logistic regression methods are applied for the purpose of the study.
Findings & Value added: The importance of channel manager technology for business metrics in this sector is concerned. Three generalized hotel operating models are extracted. It is concluded that there is a necessity for constant management and review of the hotel - OTA relations.
Towards a digitalize economy: The Impact of Training on the Performance of Public Sector IT firms in Africa
Authors: Febiri Frank , Hub Miloslav 
Published: December 2021

Research background: The widespread adoption of technological advances, such as ICT-enabled infrastructure is becoming the new norm for most African countries. The quest to achieve a digitalized Africa has fuelled public sector IT firms to embark on staff training to enhance their productivity.
Purpose of the article: The present study seeks to examine the influence of such training on public sector IT performance.
Methods: The study uses 70 employees from the public sector IT firm, sampled from LinkedIn professional platform. Primary source of data; mainly the questionnaire was used to gather responses. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyse the gathered data. Using the correlation coefficient, regression, independent and paired sample test, hypotheses were tested.
Findings & Value added: The paired sample t test revealed that after training, there was a significant difference in the scores of the IT firm productivity PRO1 (M = 19.97, SD = 1.88) and PRO2 (M = 21.77, SD = 1.94), t (-5.00) = 69, p < 0.05. There is no significant difference in the scores of male staff (M = 21.80, SD = 1.93) from those of the female staff (M = 21.70, SD = 1.98), t (1.95) = 68, p = 0.846 as indicated by the independent sample t test. The relationship between training organizational performance is positive (r= 0.52, n= 70, p < 0.05) while the regression technique shows a positive effect (b= 0.19, p < 5%) between staff training and IT firm productivity.
Sustainable development of Russian companies participating in United Nations Global Compact
Authors: Belousov Konstantin 
Published: December 2021

Research background: This article presents the results of a study of non-financial reporting in the field of sustainable development of Russian companies within the United Nations Global Compact initiative.
Purpose of the article: The purpose of this study is to identify preferred direction of companies. We put their reports on sustainable development in Triple bottom line (TBL) areas: social, environmental and economic. In this article I also disclose conceptual foundations of sustainable development, which served as theoretical and methodological basis of the study.
Methods: Analysis of the companies activities in the field of sustainable development, the results of which are reflected in corporate reports on sustainable development for 2018, 2019, 2020, which passed the non-financial audit procedures of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs and are published in the reports register.
Findings & Value added: The study made it possible to identify companies through the positioning of their reports on sustainable development. The study confirmed the hypothesis that non-financial reports on sustainable development are social in nature, focusing on the interests of staff and consumers, while environmental and economic aspects are given less importance. The articles also disproves the hypothesis, that the direction of the company has a significant impact on the positioning of the company. In the course of the study, it became possible to assess the companies’ support for the Global Compact initiatives.
Comparative analysis of taxation in 8 ex-communist countries in Europe
Authors: Dobrea Razvan Catalin , Popescu Maria Loredana , Curea Stefania Cristina , Dumitrache Victor Marian 
Published: December 2021

Research background: Having a similar background before the 1990, the ex-communist countries in Europe started to differentiate one from another in terms of social and economic development. Nowadays, in many aspects of the socio-economic environment, the differences between them are significant. There are many factors to be considered when analysing the patterns of evolution of each ex-communist country in Europe and one of them is taxation. The level of taxation can lead to structural changes in the economy, especially market economies that are not mature.
Purpose of the article: The purpose of this article is to compare the level of taxation in 8 EU ex-communist countries: Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia - in the context of globalization.
Methods: We will do a comparative analysis of the indicators developed by European Commission, DG Taxation and Customs Union and Eurostat of the 8 EU ex-communist countries.
Findings & Value added: This paper may add value to the economic and tax policies in the 8 EU ex-communist countries by identifying the policies that proved their effectiveness in generating higher labor productivity, policies that can be adapted and then adopted by the UE ex-communist countries that are less developed. Moreover, this paper can lead to more in-depth research concerning taxation as significant factor of development in these countries.
Monitoring changes at work: cross-cultural difference in employees’ evaluation
Authors: Fedorova Alena , Dvorakova Zuzana , Kacane Ilze , Atas Huseyin , Badambayeva Valeriya 
Published: December 2021

Research background: Globalization and digitalization of society are leading to fundamental alterations in the labour sphere. Global trends and turbulent times are changing the work environment, stipulating the emergence of new forms of labour relations and employment models. Thinking on the on-going transformation processes requires a monitoring study of new phenomena, as well as the creation of a knowledge system about the directions and prospects of human resources management and labour relations development.
Purpose of the article: The article presents the interim results of the current monitoring changes in labour relations conducted by the international research team members. The empirical data obtained are considered in the context of the social and cultural features of respondents from different countries that contributes to a deeper understanding of the phenomena under study.
Methods: In 2020, the authors carried out a sociological survey involving employees of enterprises operating in various sectors of the economy in the Russian Federation, the Czech Republic, Latvia, Turkey and Kazakhstan. The total number of respondents formed by random sampling is amounted to 1138 people. For the purpose of a comprehensive typology of the surveyed workers from different countries, a cluster analysis of the collected data was carried out.
Findings & Value added: A comparative analysis of the sociological survey results reflects the trends in work transformation and labour relations that have developed under the Covid-19 pandemic. Cross-cultural analysis reveals the impact of social and cultural factors on respondents’ assessment and companies’ human resource management practices.
Transfer pricing in the conditions of the Slovak Republic
Authors: Kubjatkova Anna , Krizanova Anna 
Published: December 2021

Research background:All of the world’s economic relations in today’s world are subject to the process of globalization. Increasingly, the economic activity of many entrepreneurs transcends national borders, often operating in the form of multinational companies. Through the Transfer Pricing Institute, multinational companies can transfer their pre-tax profits from one country to another, and this phenomenon often harms the affected countries, which can result in lower tax revenues and a deterioration in the balance of payments. Transfer pricing generally seeks to prevent similar shifting of profits and thus prevent possible tax evasion.Purpose of the article:The aim of this article is primarily to summarize the knowledge and procedures of transfer pricing and its importance in the conditions of the Slovak Republic. The article also aims to explain to the general public why transfer pricing is important and necessary for a healthy economy.Methods:In this work, the methods of induction, deduction, and comparison were used to obtain a true picture of the issue of transfer pricing. Methods of synthesis and analysis of the researched issues were also used.Findings & Value added:In addition to a general overview of this issue, we consider the result of this work to summarize the legislative framework of transfer pricing and also provide a brief and clear example of the transfer of profits in transfer pricing between two and within one country and their impact on the country’s economy.