bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between maternal smoking history and congenital anomalies in children: Results from the Japan Environment and Children's Study
Authors: Tsuchida Akiko , Hamazaki Kei , Kigawa Mika , Tanaka Tomomi , Ito Mika , Inadera Hidekuni ,   and the Japan Environment and Children's Study Group
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe investigated the relationship between maternal smoking history and congenital anomalies in children. Drawing on data from the Japan Environment and Children's Study collected between January 2011 and March 2014, the smoking habits of pregnant women were categorized as “never smoked,” “quit before pregnancy, “quit after pregnancy,” and “full smoking.” Of the 91 626 participants examined, a total of 2199 (2.4%) infants were born with any congenital anomalies. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the odds ratio for congenital anomalies in each group based on maternal smoking history. No significant difference was seen between the full‐smoking and never smoked groups in the odds ratios for congenital anomalies of the nervous system; the eyes, ears, face, and neck; the cardiovascular system; or the musculoskeletal system. However, in the full‐smoking group, the odds ratios for trisomy (adjusted odds ratio, 2.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.15‐3.97) and any congenital anomalies (adjusted odds ratio, 1.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.09‐1.67) were significantly higher compared with the never smoked group. Our results indicate that continuing to smoke during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of trisomy and any congenital anomalies in the general Japanese population.
Sex differences in echocardiographic predictors of bradycardia detected by implantable loop recorder in patients with syncope and palpitations
Authors: Falsing Mathilde Musoni , Brainin Philip , Andersen Ditte Madsen , Larroudé Charlotte Ellen , Lindhardt Tommi Bo , Ravnkilde Kirstine , Modin Daniel , Karsum Emil Høegholm , Gislason Gunnar , Biering‐Sørensen Tor 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveOur aim was to investigate whether echocardiography may aid in identifying patients, specifically men, at risk of bradycardia as detected by implantable loop recorders (ILR) in patients evaluated for syncope and palpitations.MethodsWe included ambulatory patients undergoing ILR implantation for syncope (84%), presyncope (9%), and palpitations (8%). Echocardiographic examination was performed prior to implantation (2.9 months [IQR 1.0–6.0 months]). Echocardiograms were analyzed for conventional and speckle tracking parameters. We examined time to first event of bradycardia, defined as (a) heart rate <30 beats/min and (b) ≥4 beats, including sinus arrest, asystole, sinoatrial block, and second‐ and third‐degree atrioventricular nodal block. We applied Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsA total of 285 patients we enrolled, and during a median time of 2.7 years [IQR 1.0, 3.3 years] of continuous heart rhythm monitoring, 84 (29%) had bradycardia detected by ILR. Patients with bradycardia were older (61 ± 19 years vs 55 ± 18 years, P = .01) and more frequently men (62% vs 44%, P = .01). Sex modified the association between echocardiographic parameters and bradycardia (P interaction <0.05 for all), such that left ventricular LV mass index (HR: 1.02 per 1g/m2 increase [1.01‐1.04], P < .001), LV ejection fraction (HR: 1.04 per 1% decrease [1.01‐1.08], P = .02), and global longitudinal strain (HR: 1.09 per 1% decrease [1.01‐1.19], P = .03) were associated with bradycardia in men but not women (P > .05 for all in female). After adjusting for baseline clinical characteristics, medical therapy, and loop indication, the abovementioned parameters remained significantly associated with incident bradycardia in men.ConclusionEchocardiographic parameters of LV structure and function may potentially be more useful for predicting bradycardia in men than women, among patients undergoing ILR implantation for syncope, presyncope, and palpations.
Indirect ultrasound evaluation of left ventricular outflow tract diameter implications for heart failure and aortic stenosis severity assessment
Authors: Pestelli Gabriele , Fiorencis Andrea , Pergola Valeria , Luisi Giovanni Andrea , Smarrazzo Vittorio , Trevisan Filippo , Mele Donato 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhereas dependency of left ventricular outflow tract diameter (LVOTD) from body surface area (BSA) has been established and a BSA‐based LVOTD formula has been derived, the relationship between LVOTD and aortic root and LV dimensions has never been explored. This may have implications for evaluation of LV output in heart failure (HF) and aortic stenosis (AS) severity.MethodsA cohort of 540 HF patients who underwent transthoracic echocardiography was divided in a derivation and validation subgroup. In the derivation subgroup (N = 340), independent determinants of LVOTD were analyzed to derive a regression equation, which was used for predicting LVOTD in the validation subgroup (N = 200) and compared with the BSA‐derived formula.ResultsLVOTD determinants in the derivation subgroup were sinuses of Valsalva diameter (SVD, beta = 0.392, P < .001), BSA (beta = 0.229, P < .001), LV end‐diastolic diameter (LVEDD, beta = 0.145, P = .001), and height (beta = 0.125, P = .037). The regression equation for predicting LVOTD with the aforementioned variables (LVOTD = 6.209 + [0.201 × SVD] + [1.802 × BSA] + [0.03 × LVEDD] + [0.025 × Height]) did not differ from (P = .937) and was highly correlated with measured LVOTD (R = 0.739, P < .001) in the validation group. Repeated analysis with LV end‐diastolic volume instead of LVEDD and/or accounting for gender showed similar results, whereas BSA‐derived LVOTD values were different from measured LVOTD (P < .001).ConclusionAortic root and LV dimensions affect LVOTD independently from anthropometric data and are included in a new comprehensive equation for predicting LVOTD. This should improve evaluation of LV output in HF and severity of AS when direct LVOTD measurement is difficult or impossible.
Do fish isotopic niches change in an Amazon floodplain lake over the hydrological regime?
Authors: Azevedo Lucas Silva , Pestana Inácio Abreu , Almeida Marcelo Gomes , Bastos Wanderley Rodrigues , Souza Cristina Maria Magalhães 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFloodplain lakes are ecosystems characterised by annual flood and dry cycles. Fish ecology is influenced by the flood pulse due to the large influx of allochthonous food resources and diversification of habitats during the flood cycle, while during the dry cycle, fishes tend to be confined in reduced habitat. The aim of this study was to evaluate the seasonal variation in trophic niche width and overlap of four species—Mylossoma duriventre, Prochilodus nigricans, Cichla.pleiozona and Serrasalmus rhombeus—in an Amazonian floodplain lake. Stable isotope analyses were used to estimate trophic niche width and overlap during the flood and dry seasons. We hypothesised broader niche width for all species during the flood cycle and a higher degree of overlap between the two piscivorous fishes during the dry cycle. Isotopic niche width was 72% broader for P. nigricans, 61% for S. rhombeus and 54% for C. pleiozona during the dry cycle, which did not support our hypothesis. Core niche width overlaps were not observed between piscivorous species in either flood or dry cycle. The results indicate that seasonal variation in isotopic niche width is specific to feeding habit. Understanding how fish trophic ecology responds to changes in the hydrological regime during the seasons is crucial for sustainable fishery management in a region where many people rely heavily on fish for nutritional and economic purposes.
Analysing terrorist networks – An entropy‐driven method
Authors: Rödder Wilhelm , Dellnitz Andreas , Litzinger Sebastian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTerrorism is a scourge of humanity. Thousands of people were killed by terrorists in the last years. To understand the structure, information flow and leadership in terrorist cells is a must for all societies to prevent future attacks. Network theory can help to model such cells and to identify leading members therein. This contribution uses the graph theoretical approach as a basis and enriches it by an entropy‐driven knowledge processing. After presenting the theoretical concept two terrorist cells, the one of the Bali attack and the one of the 9/11 attack, are analysed. The results are compared to those of other methods. A preview on the application of weighted networks and multi‐nets complements the new findings.
Do crayfish affect stream ecosystem response to riparian vegetation removal?
Authors: Dudley Maura P. , Solomon Kelsey , Wenger Seth , Jackson C. Rhett , Freeman Mary , Elliott Katherine J. , Miniat Chelcy F. , Pringle Catherine M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Riparian vegetation management alters stream basal resources, but stream ecosystem responses partly depend on top‐down interactions with in‐stream consumers. Large‐bodied omnivores can exert particularly strong influences on stream benthic environments through consumption of food resources and physical disturbance of the benthos. Trophic dynamics studies conducted within the context of reach‐scale riparian vegetation manipulations can provide insights into the interactions and relative importance of top‐down and bottom‐up controls that determine ecosystem response to riparian change.

Here, we examine how top‐down control by native crayfish omnivores (Cambarus bartonii) interacts with abiotic conditions created by reach‐scale removal of riparian rhododendron (Rhododendron maximum) in the southern Appalachian Mountains of the U.S.A. We conducted 32‐day trophic experiments by nesting five pairs of electrified (crayfish excluded) and non‐electrified (crayfish access) plots within each of two 300‐m stream reaches (one control and one rhododendron‐removed) for 1 year pre‐removal and 2 years post‐removal.

Algal growth responded positively to the reduced canopy cover (post‐rhododendron removal) only under low flow conditions combined with the absence of top‐down control by crayfish. Leaf decomposition rates were reduced by c. 40% in the absence of crayfish, but higher inputs of rhododendron leaf litter during the summer following rhododendron removal reduced the effect of crayfish presence on decomposition. Riparian rhododendron removal also significantly increased benthic sediment and fine benthic organic matter, but crayfish exclusion did not affect these stream properties.

Potential long‐term reductions in crayfish abundance could reduce the top‐down effects of crayfish and ultimately lead to higher algal growth and reduced leaf decomposition rates in streams where rhododendron is managed through removal.
Impact of care level, setting and accommodation costs on a newly developed oral care nursing plan format for elderly patients with care needs – Results from a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Bleiel Dirk , Nitschke Ina , Noack Michael J. , Barbe Anna Greta 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesA new oral care nursing plan format for improved communication among dentists, nursing staff and caregivers has been developed in Germany. We aimed to (1) describe this plan, (2) investigate the prevalence of oral health problems among elderly patients with care needs documented by the plan, outline the recommendations in the plans and (3) investigate whether the accommodation costs or care needs of patients influenced oral care quality or the need for oral hygiene support documented within the plan.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional trial, oral care nursing plans were collected from outpatient and inpatient care clinics. Items on the oral care nursing plan were divided into three areas (oral health, oral hygiene needs, and coordination needs and dental therapy) and were correlated with the care level and accommodation costs.ResultsOral care nursing plans were collected from seven dentists (N = 747; 94.5% from inpatient and 5.5% from outpatient care). The plans enabled documentation of well‐known oral health and hygiene problems among elderly patients. In their current form, the plans provided recommendations for obvious oral hygiene tasks such as toothbrushing or fluoridating, rather than specialized tasks such as nutritional advice or dry mouth asymptomatic therapeutic approaches. Although accommodation costs were associated with the need for oral hygiene support (not with oral care condition), the care level influenced both measures.ConclusionsThe oral care nursing plan can facilitate documentation of oral health and hygiene among elderly individuals with care needs. Further clarification of the plan would help promote careful documentation by dentists.
Progress and lack of progress in hyperhidrosis research 2015–2020. A concise systematic review
Authors: Kristensen Johannes Kjeldstrup , Nielsen Corina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHyperhidrosis is excessive sweating that is uncontrollable and occurring regardless of temperature. Quality of life is significantly impaired, and psychiatric comorbidity is common. The objective of the study is to undertake a systematic review of research in the last 5 years regarding hyperhidrosis. Five databases were searched from July 2015 to July 2020 for all research on hyperhidrosis. High‐quality research articles were sought for progress in diagnosis, etiology and epidemiology, and use of patient reported outcomes (PROs) as well as randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on any treatment intervention. Outcomes of interest were disease severity, sweat rate, quality of life, patient satisfaction, and adverse events. Trial quality was assessed by the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool. A narrative synthesis was presented. Twenty‐nine papers were included in the review: 13 investigational articles, 10 RCTs, three cohort studies, and three reviews. The studies varied in terms of quality, population, intervention, and methods of outcome assessment. The majority were very small studies, and most RCTs were at high risk of bias. Few studies on diagnosis, epidemiology, and etiology were of sufficient quality to be presented. The interventions discussed were iontophoresis, botulinum toxin, anticholinergic medication, curettage, and energy‐based technologies. Progress in the diagnostics and etiology of hyperhidrosis is limited with the same being true for treatment. In a 5‐year‐old systematic review, it was concluded that there was moderate‐quality evidence to support the use of botulinum toxin for axillary hyperhidrosis. It was advocated to conduct a trial comparing BTX and iontophoresis for palmar hyperhidrosis. Unfortunately, this has not yet been performed. Hyperhidrosis is still as underserved and under‐studied as before.
Long‐term effects of short planning horizons for inventory routing problems
Authors: Ben Ahmed Mohamed , Okoronkwo Onyemaechi Linda , Okoronkwo Edwin Chimezie , Hvattum Lars Magnus 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a detailed study concerning the importance of the planning horizon when solving inventory routing problems (IRPs). We evaluate the quality of decisions obtained by solving a finite‐horizon IRP. We also discuss the relevance of explicitly considering profit maximization models rather than the traditional cost minimization variant. As a means to this end, we describe four classes of the IRP corresponding to different types of markets. Two of them lead to nonlinear models, which are linearized. Furthermore, we provide a deterministic simulator to evaluate the long‐term effects arising from using planning horizons of varying lengths when solving the IRP. A computational study is performed on cases generated from benchmark data instances. The results confirm that the long‐term performance of the IRP decisions is, in part, contingent on the length of the selected planning horizon. They also show that considering profit maximization instead of cost minimization leads to different decisions, generating considerably more revenue and profits, albeit not nearly as much as suggested by individual solutions to static IRPs with short planning horizons.
Skin substitutes with noncultured autologous skin cell suspension heal porcine full‐thickness wounds in a one‐stage procedure
Authors: Damaraju Sita M. , Mintz Benjamin R. , Park J. Genevieve , Gandhi Ankur , Saini Sunil , Molnar Joseph A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractClinical application of skin substitute is typically a two‐stage procedure with application of skin substitute matrix to the wound followed by engraftment of a split‐thickness skin graft (STSG). This two‐stage procedure requires multiple interventions, increasing the time until the wound is epithelialised. In this study, the feasibility of a one‐stage procedure by combining bioengineered collagen‐chondroitin‐6‐sulfate (DS1) or decellularised fetal bovine skin substitute (DS2) with autologous skin cell suspension (ASCS) in a porcine full‐thickness wound healing model was evaluated. Twelve full‐thickness excisional wounds on the backs of pigs received one of six different treatments: empty; ASCS; DS1 with or without ASCS; DS2 with or without ASCS. The ASCS was prepared using a point‐of‐care device and was seeded onto the bottom side of DS1, DS2, and empty wounds at 80 000 cells/cm2. Wound measurements and photographs were taken on days 0, 9, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 post‐wounding. Histological analysis was performed on samples obtained on days 9, 14, 28, and 42. Wounds in the empty group or with ASCS alone showed increased wound contraction, fibrosis, and myofibroblast density compared with other treatment groups. The addition of ASCS to DS1 or DS2 resulted in a marked increase in re‐epithelialisation of wounds at 14 days, from 15 ± 11% to 71 ± 20% (DS1 vs DS1 + ASCS) or 28 ± 14% to 77 ± 26 (DS2 vs DS2 + ASCS) despite different mechanisms of tissue regeneration employed by the DS used. These results suggest that this approach may be a viable one‐stage treatment in clinical practice.
High extinction‐ratio microstructure fiber based on chalcogenide glasses
Authors: Xu Tiesong , Zhong Minghui , Liang Xiaolin , Liu Jia , Yan Bin , Xiao Jing , Jiao Kai , Wang Xiange , Si Nian , Pan Zhongda , Zhao Zheming , Wang Xunsi , Zhang Peiqing , Nie Qiuhua , Bai Shengchuang , Wang Rongping , Zhang Junjie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractExtinction ratio (ER) is one of the important parameters to characterize the polarization‐maintaining (PM) performance of the fiber. In this paper, we report the preparation and properties of a novel chalcogenide microstructure fiber with a high ER. We fabricate a preform using a peeled‐off extrusion method. The core and cladding material of the fiber are Ge9As23Se68 and Ge10As22Se68. The preform was drawn into a fiber with an average ER of −17.08 dB. The loss of the fiber is less than 2 dB over 5.20–8.55 μm, and the minimum loss of the fiber is 0.57 dB/m at 6.2 μm. Moreover, a flat mid‐infrared supercontinuum spectrum spanning from 1.53 to 12.50 μm is generated by pumping an 18‐cm‐long PM fiber for the first time.
Rice SPL10 positively regulates trichome development through expression of HL6 and auxin‐related genes
Authors: Li Jinjie , Tang Bo , Li Yingxiu , Li Chenguang , Guo Minjie , Chen Haiyang , Han Shichen , Li Jin , Lou Qijin , Sun Wenqiang , Wang Peng , Guo Haifeng , Ye Wei , Zhang Zhanying , Zhang Hongliang , Yu Sibin , Zhang Long , Li Zichao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTrichomes function in plant defenses against biotic and abiotic stresses; examination of glabrous lines, which lack trichomes, has revealed key aspects of trichome development and function. Tests of allelism in 51 glabrous rice (Oryza sativa) accessions collected worldwide identified OsSPL10 and OsWOX3B as regulators of trichome development in rice. Here, we report that OsSPL10 acts as a transcriptional regulator controlling trichome development. Haplotype and transient expression analyses revealed that variation in the approximately 700‐bp OsSPL10 promoter region is the primary cause of the glabrous phenotype in the indica cultivar WD‐17993. Disruption of OsSPL10 by genome editing decreased leaf trichome density and length in the NIL‐HL6 background. Plants with genotype OsSPL10WD‐17993/HL6 generated by crossing WD‐17993 with NIL‐HL6 also had fewer trichomes in the glumes. HAIRY LEAF6 (HL6) encodes another transcription factor that regulates trichome initiation and elongation, and OsSPL10 directly binds to the HL6 promoter to regulate its expression. Moreover, the transcript levels of auxin‐related genes, such as OsYUCCA5 and OsPIN‐FORMED1b, were altered in OsSPL10 overexpression and RNAi transgenic lines. Feeding tests using locusts (Locusta migratoria) demonstrated that non‐glandular trichomes affect feeding by this herbivore. Our findings provide a molecular framework for trichome development and an ecological perspective on trichome functions.
Precision medicine for hereditary tumors in gynecologic malignancies
Authors: Sekine Masayuki , Enomoto Takayuki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGenomic medicine for gynecologic tumors is characterized by hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) and Lynch syndrome (LS). Poly ADP‐ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, olaparib, and the immune checkpoint inhibitor, pembrolizumab, which are drugs that show sensitivity to each hereditary tumor, have begun to spread in clinical practice for gynecologic malignancies. In clinical use, platinum sensitivity is used as a clinical surrogate marker for olaparib sensitivity, and microsatellite instability is used as a biological surrogate marker for pembrolizumab sensitivity. BRCA genetic testing and microsatellite instability test have been used as companion diagnostics before starting olaparib and pembrolizumab treatment, respectively. Homologous recombination deficiency test could be used for companion diagnostic of olaparib combination with bevacizumab in first‐line maintenance treatment and niraparib without re‐administration of platinum agents in the treatment of recurrence. The approval of the three drugs has been changing the treatment of gynecologic malignancies. Furthermore, preventive medical care has been covered by insurance since April 2020 for breast and/or ovarian cancer patients with germline BRCA1/2 mutation in Japan. This review article outlines the current status and future prospects of precision medicine for gynecologic hereditary tumors focusing on HBOC and LS.
Efficiency of axenically grown Rhizoctonia solani inoculum types in evaluating sheath blight development on rice genotypes
Authors: Lore Jagjeet S. , Jain Jyoti , Hunjan Mandeep S. , Kamboj Ishwinder , Zaidi Najam W. , Singh Uma Shankar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most important rice diseases worldwide, especially under irrigated agro‐ecosystem. To detect quantitative differences in disease development, three inoculum types, viz. mycelial bit, single sclerotium and mycelial ball, were evaluated against five rice genotypes using detached tiller technique. Different disease variables such as number of lesions, disease severity, vertical sheath colonization (VSC), relative vertical sheath colonization (RVSC) and mean lesion length were measured for quantification of sheath blight resistance. All the disease variables were positively correlated with each other. Among the inoculum types, mycelial ball produced significantly higher level of disease variables in all the genotypes and resolved level of resistance better than the other two methods. Significantly lower values of disease severity, VSC and RVSC were observed on rice genotype Tetep, PR 108 and D 256 as compared with susceptible check D 6766 when inoculated with different inoculum types. These results can provide a basis to design methods to evaluate quantitative sheath blight resistance with high precision in rice genotypes.