bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased visceral sensitivity, elevated anxiety, and depression levels in patients with functional esophageal disorders and non‐erosive reflux disease
Authors: Losa Marco , Manz Salomon M. , Schindler Valeria , Savarino Edoardo , Pohl Daniel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about possible underlying psychological abnormalities and physiology of reflux hypersensitivity (RH) as defined in the recent Rome IV classification. We aimed to assess markers of psychological comorbidity as well as gastro‐esophageal reflux measurements in RH patients compared to controls and also in patients with functional heartburn (FH) and non‐erosive reflux disease (NERD) versus controls.MethodsData of 304 patients visiting our Functional Diagnostics Centre from 2016 to 2018 were analyzed. We focused on a psychological assessment using validated questionnaires (visceral sensitivity index; VSI, hospital anxiety and depression score; HADS) as well as multichannel intraluminal impedance (MII) and pH‐metry data from the diagnostic work‐up.Key ResultsWe found a decreased VSI of 57.8 ± 15.4 points (pts) among RH patients (n = 45) indicating higher visceral sensitivity compared to 85.7 ± 2.0 pts in the control group (n = 31, P < 0.001). Furthermore, a significant difference in VSI was found between the FH (60.8 ± 23.3 pts, n = 59, P < 0.001) and between the NERD (61.9 ± 20.8 pts, n = 67, P < 0.001) both compared to the control group. The HADS also displayed a significant difference between the RH (11.9 ± 6.0 pts, P < 0.001), FH (11.0 ± 7.4 pts, P < 0.001), respectively, NERD (11.3 ± 8.9 pts, P < 0.001) as compared to the control group (2.0 ± 1.4 pts).Conclusions and InferencesIncreased sensation to visceral stimuli as well as anxiety and depression appears to play an important role not only in reflux hypersensitivity and functional heartburn as defined by Rome IV but also in NERD. These findings are in line with the disease concept of disorders of gut‐brain interaction in which psychological comorbidities and visceral hypersensitivity play a major role.
Attitudes of a geriatric population towards risks about COVID‐19 pandemic: in the context of anxiety and depression
Authors: Yurumez Korkmaz Busra , Gemci Emine , Cosarderelioglu Caglar , Yigit Seher , Atmis Volkan , Yalcin Ahmet , Varli Murat , Aras Sevgi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundA curfew for elderly people was announced in Turkey to protect the geriatric population during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Although this may have the beneficial effect of preventing infection, psychological distress may also increase with prolongation of the pandemic.MethodsGeriatric patients were interviewed by telephone due to the ongoing curfew. Demographical characteristics, comorbidities, personal risk perception of COVID‐19, common concerns related to COVID‐19, and experiences of delayed hospital admission due to the pandemic were recorded. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess psychological distress, anxiety, and depression.ResultsParticipants (n = 136; 82 females, 60.3%) had a mean age of 73.4 ± 5.9 years. The most common comorbidity was hypertension (75%). Approximately 80% of the participants reported a decrease in physical activity during the curfew period. The HADS scores indicated rates of anxiety as 25.7% and depression as 16.9%. Anxiety was significantly more common in females than males (P = 0.002). Sleep problems (P = 0.000), fatigue (P = 0.000), and hopelessness (P = 0.000) were more common in participants with depression and anxiety. Logistic regression analyses showed an association between a delay in hospital admission and the presence of depression (P = 0.0029, R2 = 0.146). Personal risk perception of COVID‐19 was statistically significantly higher among patients with anxiety (P = 0.0027, R2 = 0.157).ConclusionDecreased adaptation to external and internal factors among older individuals may facilitate unfavourable outcomes of the pandemic. These results indicate that the geriatric population was mentally and physically affected by the restrictions and isolation.
Optimizing fen peatland water‐table depth for romaine lettuce growth to reduce peat wastage under future climate warming
Authors: Matysek Magdalena , Leake Jonathan , Banwart Steven , Johnson Irene , Page Susan , Kaduk Jorg , Smalley Alan , Cumming Alexander , Zona Donatella 
Published: June 2021

SummaryForty percentage of UK peatlands have been drained for agricultural use, which has caused serious peat wastage and associated greenhouse gas emissions (carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4)). In this study, we evaluated potential trade‐offs between water‐table management practices for minimizing peat wastage and greenhouse gas emissions, while seeking to sustain romaine lettuce production: one of the most economically relevant crop in the East Anglian Fenlands. In a controlled environment experiment, we measured lettuce yield, CO2, CH4 fluxes and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) released from an agricultural fen soil at two temperatures (ambient and +2°C) and three water‐table levels (−30 cm, −40 cm and −50 cm below the surface). We showed that increasing the water table from the currently used field level of −50 cm to −40 cm and −30 cm reduced CO2 emissions, did not affect CH4 fluxes, but significantly reduced yield and increased DOC leaching. Warming of 2°C increased both lettuce yield (fresh leaf biomass) and peat decomposition through the loss of carbon as CO2 and DOC. However, there was no difference in the dry leaf biomass between the intermediate (−40 cm) and the low (−50 cm) water table, suggesting that romaine lettuce grown at this higher water level should have similar energetic value as the crop cultivated at −50 cm, representing a possible compromise to decrease peat oxidation and maintain agricultural production.
Risk areas for Human Visceral Leishmaniosis 2007–2018: A temporal and spatial analysis in Ceará, Brazil
Authors: Cavalcante Kellyn Kessiene de Sousa , Moreno Jarier de Oliveira , Nzundu Boigny Reagan , Cavalcante Francisco Roger Aguiar , Florêncio Caroline Mary Gurgel Dias , Alencar Carlos Henrique 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) is considered as an important tropical disease because it rapidly spreads across a wide geographical area. This study aimed to analyse the temporal and spatial patterns of incidence, mortality and case fatality rates due to human VL in Ceará, Brazil, from 2007 to 2018. This is an ecological study involving time series and spatial analyses, and data were obtained from human VL notifications. Temporal trend analysis was carried out using the Joinpoint Regression Program. SaTScan 9.6 was used for conducting spatial analyses, and ArcMap 9.2 was used for building maps. There were 6,066 incident cases and 516 deaths due to human VL. There was an increasing trend in the incidence rate from 2007 to 2014 (annual per cent change [APC] = 3.8; 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.5 to 7.3; p = .031). Mortality (APC = −0.3; 95%CI: −2.5 to 1.9; p = .765) and VL case fatality rates (APC = −3.0; 95%CI: −4.3 to −1,7; p = .188) showed non‐significant decline. The incidence rates were higher in the northwest and south regions of the state, with 11 high incidence rate clusters from 2007 to 2010, seven clusters in 44 municipalities from 2011 to 2014, and six clusters in 49 municipalities from 2015 to 2018. During 2007–2010, only one significant mortality rate cluster was identified in the southern region (relative risk [RR] = 7.6); during 2011–2014, two clusters in the northwest region were identified (RR=3.9 and RR=4.6). In the last period, a cluster of 11 municipalities in the southern region was identified (RR = 4.2). Mortality rate clusters were identified in the centre‐south (2007–2010), northwest and south (both from 2011 to 2018). VL has a heterogeneous distribution, with maintenance of clusters with high incidence and mortality rates, as well as case fatality rates in municipalities in the northwest and south regions. These clusters present areas with the greatest risk of transmission of human VL.
Followership in health care clinicians: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Alanazi Sulaiman , Wiechula Richard , Foley David 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The main objective of this scoping review is to identify and map followership literature in order to understand the current state of followership research in relation to health care clinicians.

Introduction:
Health care clinicians need to be flexible in switching between leader and follower roles as appropriate to advance patient care; however, much of the research effort in this regard has primarily concentrated on leadership. Effective followership in health care organizations may be necessary to enhance clinical team performance in order to improve patient safety and quality of care. There have been increasing calls in the literature recommending research of followership in the provision of health care. Thus, it is important to synthesize the available evidence on followership to identify what has been studied and highlight research gaps in this area.

Inclusion criteria:
The review will focus on followership in health care clinicians. Only studies with participants who are health care clinicians will be included. The review will include studies of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods designs; systematic reviews; and meta-analyses.

Methods:
The search will include JBI Evidence Synthesis, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL, MEDLINE, EPPI-Centre, Scopus, and Epistemonikos. In addition, unpublished or gray literature will be searched in ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global and Google Scholar. No limits on date or language will be applied to the search. Data will then be extracted from included papers by three independent reviewers. Results from extracted data will be presented in tabular form accompanied by a narrative summary.
Popov-H∞ Robust Path-Tracking Control of Autonomous Ground Vehicles with Consideration of Sector Bounded Kinematic Nonlinearity
Authors: Zhou Xingyu , Wang Zejiang , Wang Junmin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes a new approach to cope with the kinematic nonlinearity in the H∞ vehicle path-tracking controller synthesis problem. The kinematic nonlinearity presented in the vehicle lateral error state is found to satisfy the sector-bound condition. By isolating the sector bounded nonlinearity via an upper linear fractional transformation (LFT), a Lur'e system is formulated. A nominal robust controller is synthesized to meet both the Popov-H∞ criterion and the regional pole placement requirement. A polytopic gain-scheduling technique is subsequently employed to accommodate the effect of the varying vehicle longitudinal velocity. Finally, an instant-turning maneuver and a sharp lane-changing maneuver are tested in CarSim-Simulink joint simulations whose results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed Popov-H∞ controller over a conventional H∞ controller.
Assessment of Discretization Uncertainty Estimators Based on Grid Refinement Studies
Authors: Eça L. , Vaz G. , Hoekstra M. , Doebling S. , Singleton R. L. , Srinivasan G. , Weirs G. , Phillips T. , Roy C. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the assessment of the performance of nine discretization uncertainty estimates based on grid refinement studies including methods that use grid triplets and others that use a largest number of data points, which in this study was set to five. The uncertainty estimates are performed for the dataset proposed for the 2017 ASME Workshop on Estimation of Discretization Errors Based on Grid Refinement Studies including functional and local (boundary and interior) flow quantities from the two-dimensional flows of an incompressible fluid over a flat plate and the NACA 0012 airfoil. The data were generated with a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) solver using three eddy-viscosity turbulence models with double precision and sufficiently tight iterative convergence criteria to ensure that the numerical error is dominated by the discretization error. The use of several geometrically similar grid sets with different near-wall cell sizes for the same flow conditions lead to a wide range of convergence properties for the selected flow quantities, which enables the assessment of the numerical uncertainty estimators in conditions that are representative of the so-called practical applications.The evaluation of uncertainty estimates is based on the ratio of the uncertainty estimate over the “exact error” that is obtained from an “exact solution” obtained from extra grid sets significantly more refined than those used to generate the Workshop data. Although none of the methods tested fulfilled the goal of bounding the exact error 95 times out of 100 that was tested, the results suggest that the methods tested are useful tools for the assessment of the numerical uncertainty of practical numerical simulations even for cases where it is not possible to generate data in the “asymptotic range.”
Homogenization of Composites With Extended General Interfaces: Comprehensive Review and Unified Modeling
Authors: Firooz S. , Steinmann P. , Javili A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Interphase regions that form in heterogeneous materials through various underlying mechanisms such as poor mechanical or chemical adherence, roughness, and coating, play a crucial role in the response of the medium. A well-established strategy to capture a finite thickness interphase behavior is to replace it with a zero-thickness interface model characterized by its own displacement and/or traction jumps, resulting in different interface models. The contributions to date dealing with interfaces commonly assume that the interface is located in the middle of its corresponding interphase. This paper revisits this assumption and introduces an extended general interface model, wherein a unifying approach to the homogenization of heterogeneous materials embedding interfaces between their constituents is developed within the framework of linear elasticity. Through utilizing a weighted average operator, we demonstrate that the assumption of enforcing the interface to coincide with the midlayer is not required and thereby develop a new class of interfaces where the interface is allowed to take any arbitrary position between its bulk neighbors. The proposed novel interface model can recover any of the classical interface models. Next, via incorporating this extended general interface model into homogenization, we develop bounds and estimates for the overall moduli of fiber-reinforced and particle-reinforced composites as functions of the interface position and properties. Finally, we carry out a comprehensive numerical study to highlight the influence of interface position, stiffness ratio, and interface parameters on the overall properties of composites. The developed interface-enhanced homogenization framework also successfully captures size effects, which are immediately relevant to emerging applications of nanocomposites due to their pronounced interface effects at small scales.
Mantle source of tephritic porphyry in the Tarim Large Igneous Province constrained from Mg, Zn, Sr, and Nd isotope systematics: Implications for deep carbon cycling
Authors: Kong Weiliang , Zhang Zhaochong , Cheng Zhiguo , Liu Bingxiang , Santosh M. , Wei Bowen , Ke Shan , Xu Lijuan , Zhang Xingchao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe nature and source of magmatism associated with large igneous provinces (LIPs) remain disputed. Here we investigate the role of recycled materials that contributed to mantle heterogeneity in the Tarim Large Igneous Province (TLIP) in China through integrated Zn–Mg–Sr–Nd isotopes of a rare tephritic rock suite. The Sr–Nd isotopes [(87Sr/86Sr)i = 0.70368–0.70629; εNd(t) = −0.25–4.64] and δ26Mg values (−0.23&#x89; to −0.34&#x89;) of the tephritic porphyries are consistent with a normal mantle origin. In contrast, the whole rock and pyroxene phenocrysts yield δ66Zn values of +0.28&#x89; to +0.46&#x89; and +0.30&#x89; to +0.39&#x89;, which are slightly heavier than those of the terrestrial mantle (+0.16 ± 0.06&#x89;) and mid-oceanic-ridge basalts (MORBs) (+0.27 ± 0.05&#x89;). We exclude the possibility that the heavy Zn isotopes of the Wajilitag tephritic porphyries are caused by magmatic processes such as fractional crystallization and partial melting and correlate the isotopic features to the role of altered oceanic crust along with magnesite in the mantle source. The Wajilitag tephritic porphyry displays trace-element patterns similar to those of the melts from natural hornblendite, especially those of hornblendite + peridotite. Additionally, the geochemical characteristics such as enrichment in Nb and Ta, depletion in K, high TiO2, and constant Na2O/K2O ratios also suggest that the tephritic porphyries were derived from an amphibole-bearing source contributed by altered oceanic crust along with sedimentary carbonates. Our study provides insight into the contribution of subducted materials to the mantle heterogeneity beneath the TLIP and highlights the role of subduction in the deep carbon cycle and subducted slab-lithosphere-plume interaction in the generation of LIPs.
Visualisation of the non-linear correlation between age and poor outcome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage
Authors: Ikawa Fusao , Ichihara Nao , Uno Masaaki , Shiokawa Yoshiaki , Toyoda Kazunori , Minematsu Kazuo , Kobayashi Shotai , Yamaguchi Shuhei , Kurisu Kaoru 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo visualise the non-linear correlation between age and poor outcome at discharge in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) while adjusting for covariates, and to address the heterogeneity of this correlation depending on disease severity by a registry-based design.MethodsWe extracted data from the Japanese Stroke Databank registry for patients with SAH treated via surgical clipping or endovascular coiling within 3 days of SAH onset between 2000 and 2017. Poor outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale Score ≥3 at discharge. Variable importance was calculated using machine learning (random forest) model. Correlations between age and poor outcome while adjusting for covariates were determined using generalised additive models in which spline-transformed age was fit to each neurological grade of World Federation of Neurological Societies (WFNS) and treatment.ResultsIn total, 4149 patients were included in the analysis. WFNS grade and age had the largest and second largest variable importance in predicting the outcome. The non-linear correlation between age and poor outcome was visualised after adjusting for other covariates. For grades I–III, the risk slope for unit age was relatively smaller at younger ages and larger at older ages; for grade IV, the slope was steep even in younger ages; while for grade V, it was relatively smooth, but with high risk even at younger ages.ConclusionsThe clear visualisation of the non-linear correlation between age and poor outcome in this study can aid clinical decision making and help inform patients with aneurysmal SAH and their families better.
Six-year national study of damage control laparotomy and the effect of repeat re-exploration on rate of infectious complications
Authors: Foster Krislyn , Yon James , Pelzl Casey E , Salottolo Kristin , Mentzer Caleb , Quan Glenda , McGuire Emmett E , Katubig Burt , Bar-Or David 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundDamage control laparotomy (DCL) is a life-saving procedure in patients with abdominal hemorrhage. After DCL, patients are sometimes left with an open abdomen (OA) so they may undergo multiple exploratory laparotomies (EXLAP), or re-explorations. Patients with OA are at increased risk of infectious complications (ICs). The association between number of re-explorations after DCL and the number of ICs is not clear. We hypothesized that each additional re-exploration increases the risk of developing IC.MethodsThis 6-year retrospective cohort study included patients aged ≥16 years from the NTDB who had DCL defined as EXLAP within 2 hours of arrival (ICD-9: 54.11, 54.12, 54.19) with at least one re-exploration. The primary outcome was IC (ie, superficial surgical site infection (SSI), organ space SSI, deep SSI, sepsis, pneumonia, or catheter-related bloodstream infection), examined dichotomously (present/absent) and ordinally as the number of ICs. Multivariate Poisson regression was used to assess the association between number of re-explorations and number of ICs. Significance was assigned at p<0.01.ResultsThere were 7431 patients who underwent DCL; 2509 (34%) patients developed at least one IC. The rate of IC was lowest in patients who were closed during the first re-exploration (27%) and significantly increased with each re-exploration to 59% in patients who had five or more re-explorations (Cochran-Armitage trend p<0.001). After adjustment, there was 14% increased risk of an additional IC with each re-exploration (p<0.001).DiscussionFor patients requiring DCL, each re-exploration of the abdomen is associated with increased rate of ICs.Level of evidenceIII, retrospective epidemiological study.
Pre-farrow enrichment with burlap sheet: potential benefit for sow performance
Authors: Fynn Mark , Crow Gary , Connor Laurie 
Published: June 2021

Burlap has been proposed as an enrichment option for the conventional farrowing crate environment. Our objectives were to determine if burlap sheets hung in farrowing crates were used by sows and piglets and had any effect on farrowing and litter performance. Before sow entry, a sterilized burlap sheet (165 cm × 60 cm) was attached to every second farrowing crate so that it hung to the floor with easy animal access. Its length was measured immediately after farrowing and weaning. Routine sow and litter information from farrowing to weaning (day 18) were recorded. Complete data were analyzed for mixed-parity sows and litters with burlap (BURL; n = 277) and without burlap (CTRL; n = 277). Sows and their litters manipulated the burlap sheet to varying degrees. The BURL sows had a lower percentage of stillbirths (6.5% vs. 8.3%, BURL vs. CTRL, SE 0.4; P = 0.004), although there was only a trend towards more born alive (13.00 vs. 12.54, SE 0.25; P = 0.113). More piglets were fostered off BURL sows (8.4 vs. 7.1, SE 0.5; P = 0.049). No significant differences were apparent for other sow and litter measurements. Burlap sheets as a farrowing crate enrichment have potential to improve sow and litter performance.
The effects of institutions on perceptions of legitimacy in the Great Bear Rainforest, British Columbia
Authors: Henry Alice , Hagerman Shannon , Kozak Robert 
Published: June 2021

Collaborative planning in natural resource management involves a number of non-state actors and different institutions to make decisions that fall under the realm of governance. However, legitimacy, a quality considered necessary in successful governance, has not been thoroughly investigated empirically. This research examines the perceived importance of three different dimensions of legitimacy — representativeness, meaningfulness, and effectiveness — by actors in the Great Bear Rainforest (GBR) decision-making process and the perceived roles of three institutions — shadow networks, bridging organizations, and boundary objects — in relation to the legitimacy of the GBR plan. Based on semi-structured interviews (n = 17), this research examines the perspectives of those involved or otherwise affected by the GBR decision-making process on perceived legitimacy in this context. The results illustrate the importance of representing the different participants’ interests and values in the final outcome, trustworthy relationships to build accountability and ensure commitments, strategically using representation to ensure a fair and meaningful decision-making process, and using small groups of capable negotiators to ensure that different values and interests are included at the different levels of decision-making. By analyzing the roles of shadow networks, bridging organizations, and boundary objects, these observations highlight the importance of not just representation but meaningful engagement, of actors in negotiating processes.