bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Diet and Habitat Use of Large, Introduced Rainbow Trout in an Ozark Highland Stream
Authors: Rodger Anthony W. , Wolf Skylar L. , Starks Trevor A. , Burroughs Jim P. , Brewer Shannon K. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Stocking of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss commonly provides seasonal or mitigation fisheries; however, these fish are usually small and ecosystem effects are spatially or temporally limited. Yet agencies receive requests to stock Rainbow Trout in relatively natural settings (i.e., not tailwater or mitigation fisheries), where introductions may have greater ecosystem consequences. The size of introduced fish is an important factor in determining biotic interactions with native species; therefore, our objectives were to assess the seasonal feeding ecology and microhabitat use of large (265–530 mm TL) nonnative Emmerson strain Rainbow Trout in a relatively unaltered, groundwater-influenced, warmwater stream of the Ozark Highlands. Rainbow Trout consumed a variety of prey; however, diets differed between cool (winter and spring) and warm (summer) seasons. Cool-season Rainbow Trout exhibited a mixed feeding strategy, with individual specialization on crayfishes and fishes and generalist feeding on Ephemeroptera and Diptera, but Gastropoda were the dominant prey. Feeding strategy in the warm season switched to individual specialization on numerous prey types. Overall, larger prey resources were important components of Rainbow Trout diets. Piscivory was relatively high in both seasons, and crayfishes were one of the most important prey types across seasons. Selection of coarse substrates and deeper-water microhabitats (&gt;0.95 m) was similar between seasons. Rainbow Trout selected the lowest-velocity microhabitats available during the warm season and moderate velocities in the cool season. Rainbow Trout were five times more likely to be associated with cover in the warm season. Due to their higher temperature tolerance, Emmerson strain Rainbow Trout may persist in Ozark Highland streams, where they disrupt local food webs and occupy habitat otherwise selected by native fish, such as Neosho Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu velox. If native species conservation is a priority for agencies, then caution regarding Rainbow Trout stockings may be warranted.
From Gold Mining to Gold Medal Fishery: Evaluating the Fishery Response to Stream Restoration on the Upper Arkansas River, Colorado
Authors: Richer Eric E. , Kondratieff Matt C. , Policky Greg , Robinson Matt D. , Atwood Michael , Myers Madison R. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Over a century of metals pollution and channel disturbance associated with historical mining, land use, and water development contributed to degradation of aquatic and riparian habitat within the upper Arkansas River watershed near Leadville, Colorado. Following water quality remediation, habitat restoration was conducted for a 17.7-km reach characterized as an overwide channel that lacked velocity refuge and overwinter habitat for salmonids. The primary goals of restoration were to improve populations of Brown Trout Salmo trutta and individual fish health, with a target to increase fish metrics by 10% within 5 years after restoration. Fish metrics included Brown Trout density, biomass, quality, and relative weight, where quality was defined as the density of Brown Trout over 356 mm in length. Changes in all fish metrics were evaluated with a before-after–control-impact study design that utilized five control sites and five impact sites. Biomass was the only metric that exhibited a significant interaction between site type and period (before and after), with increases of 12% and 21% at control and impact sites, respectively. Increased density (10%) and relative weight (2.4%) were observed across all sites regardless of type. Changes at individual sites were less evident, with only one impact site showing significant increases in biomass (99%) and quality Brown Trout (306%). These results suggest that Brown Trout populations within the upper Arkansas River have continued to improve following large-scale water quality remediation and stream restoration efforts. Additional monitoring is recommended to evaluate long-term trends and inform adaptive management.
Malnutrition coding and reimbursement in the hospital setting
Authors: Shepherd Erin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractProfessionals responsible for the nutrition care of hospitalized patients should understand the prevalence of malnutrition, how to accurately and consistently identify and communicate a diagnosis of malnutrition in the medical record, and the sophisticated payment systems used to reimburse hospitals for patient care. Insight into healthcare payment systems and the requirements for clarity, consistency, and accuracy can improve identification, coding, and billing for malnutrition. Hospitals receive reimbursement for services based on anticipated costs for diagnosis‐based groups, and documenting the presence of a comorbidity, such as malnutrition, can increase the payment for a diagnosis. It is important to accurately document not only the supporting criteria used to diagnose malnutrition, but also the interventions used to address it during a patient's stay.
Elucidation of the accelerated sulfur vulcanization of bio oil‐extended natural rubber compounds
Authors: Hayichelaeh Chesidi , Boonkerd Kanoktip , Nun‐Anan Phattarawadee , Purbaya Mili 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe elucidation of the role of bio‐oils on the accelerated sulfur vulcanization of natural rubber (NR) compounds is discussed in this study. Two types of bio‐oil, palm oil and soybean oil, were studied in direct comparison with a distillate aromatic extract oil (DAE) as a reference. The scorch and cure times of the bio‐oil‐extended NR compounds were shorter than those containing DAE. The use of bio‐oils gave a higher cure reaction rate constant along with a lower activation energy than the use of DAE. The attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed that the fatty acid segment of the bio‐oils can react with zinc oxide to give zinc carboxylate, which is then involved in and promotes the vulcanization reaction. The use of bio‐oils to increase the rate of vulcanization strongly influenced the crosslink density of the obtained NR vulcanizates, yielding NR vulcanizates with a lower crosslinking density. It is proposed here that the bio‐oils might consume the curing agent via the reaction between their own unsaturated fatty acid and sulfur. This was supported by the increased viscosity of the oils after exposure to sulfur at a high temperature. The tensile strength and elongation at break of the bio‐oil‐extended NR compounds were lower and higher, respectively, than the NR extended with DAE oil due to the lower crosslink density of the bio oil‐extended NR vulcanizates.
Increased nuchal translucency before 11 weeks of gestation: Reason for referral?
Authors: Lugthart Malou A. , Bet Bo B. , Elsman Fleur , van de Kamp Karline , de Bakker Bernadette S. , Linskens Ingeborg H. , van Maarle Merel C. , van Leeuwen Elisabeth , Pajkrt Eva 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesIn this era of non‐invasive‐prenatal testing (NIPT), when dating scans are usually performed around 10 weeks of gestation, an increased NT before the official established timeframe (CRL between 45 and 84 mm) may be encountered. Information on management of these pregnancies is limited. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between an early increased NT and adverse pregnancy outcome. Secondary, we evaluated the rate of chromosomal anomalies that might have been missed in first trimester should solely NIPT be performed as first‐tier test, and the rate of adverse pregnancy outcome if NT normalizes before 14 weeks.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study that included all pregnancies between January 1, 2007 and June 1, 2020 in Amsterdam UMC locations AMC and VUmc. We included fetuses with a crown‐rump length (CRL) < 45 mm (∼11 weeks) and a nuchal translucency (NT) measurement ≥2.5 mm. Fetuses referred with an early increased NT and a major fetal anomaly at the dating scan were excluded, as were cases of parents with a family history of monogenetic disease(s) or recognized carriers of a balanced translocation.ResultsWe included 120 fetuses of which 66.7% (80/120) had an adverse pregnancy outcome. Congenital anomalies were present in 56.7% (68/120), 45.8% (55/120) had a chromosomal anomaly. The prevalence of congenital anomalies was 30.3% in fetuses with NT 2.5–3.4 mm compared to 66.7% with NT ≥ 3.5 mm (p < 0.001). 16.7% (20/120) had a chromosomal anomaly that might have been missed by conventional NIPT in first trimester. We found an adverse pregnancy outcome of 24% in the group with a normalized NT compared to 78.1% in the group with a persistently increased NT (p < 0.001).ConclusionAn early increased NT should make the sonographer alert. In this selected cohort, an early increased NT was associated with a high probability of having an adverse pregnancy outcome. Regardless of CRL, we deem that an early increased NT ≥ 3.5 mm warrants referral to a Fetal Medicine Unit for an extensive work‐up. NT normalization seems favorable, but a prospective study should define the appropriate work‐up for NT in the lower range (2.5–3.4 mm).
School dropout: The role of childhood conduct problems and depressive symptoms
Authors: Lau Marianne A. , Temcheff Caroline E. , Poirier Martine , Bégin Vincent , Commisso Melissa , Déry Michèle 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSchool dropout can be an ongoing process of academic failure and disengagement starting as early as elementary school. Given the importance of early identification of risk factors, the present study examines (a) whether early conduct problems and depressive symptoms predict a higher risk of school dropout, (b) whether depressive symptoms moderate the association between conduct problems and risk of school dropout, and (c) the sex differences in these associations. Using data from a longitudinal study on 744 children aged 6–9 (T1), a multiple linear regression was performed to test for the effect of conduct problems and depressive symptoms (T1) and the interaction between them on the risk of school dropout (T8), as well as for sex differences in these associations. Results showed that conduct problems significantly predicted a higher risk of school dropout 7 years later, while depressive symptoms did not. Depressive symptoms significantly moderated the effect of conduct problems on the risk of dropout, with conduct problems having a stronger effect in children with higher depressive symptoms. No sex differences were found. These results suggest that recognizing and treating depressive symptoms in children with conduct problems may be an important step in reducing their risk of dropout.
Monomer‐scale design of functional protein polymers using consensus repeat sequences
Authors: Chang Marina P. , Huang Winnie , Mai Danielle J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractProtein‐based polymers possess chemically defined sequences that can encode diverse properties and functions into a new class of biopolymeric materials. However, sequence variation that emerges from evolution can obscure the sequence–function relationships of naturally derived polymers. One strategy to clarify these relationships is to identify common sequences between proteins with similar functions. These conserved sequences often emerge from repeat proteins, and “consensus repeat sequences” provide a convenient platform for systematic investigations of biopolymer sequence–property relationships. In this review, we highlight recent approaches to engineer tunable polymeric materials using monomer‐scale design of consensus repeat proteins. We explore established and emerging protein‐based materials with mechanical resilience, thermodynamic phase behavior, chemical responsiveness, biomolecular transport, and hierarchical structure. Overall, recent advances in the monomer‐scale design of repetitive protein polymers present exciting fundamental and translational opportunities for polymer scientists and engineers.
In‐situ fabrication of barium titanate@polyvinyl pyrrolidone in polyvinylidene fluoride polymer nanocomposites for dielectric capacitor applications
Authors: Prateek  , Bhunia Ritamay , Gupta Shashikant , Garg Ashish , Gupta Raju Kumar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe have demonstrated an in situ route to design barium titanate (BT)@polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) nanoparticles (NPs) in PVP/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) blends. Thus, the PVP simultaneously acted as a linker and a part of the polymer matrix. We have hydrothermally synthesized the tetragonal phase of BT NPs (~150 nm). The BT NPs content was varied from 0 to 15 vol%. The resulting polymer nanocomposites generated enormous interfaces because of homogeneously dispersed BT@PVP NPs. Furthermore, the PVP simultaneously tailored the interfacial properties surrounding the BT NPs and bulk of the polymer matrix. Therefore, we achieved an enhanced maximum polarization (Pmax) and energy density (Ud) of 27.9 μC cm−2 and 13.4 J cm−3 (2261 kV cm−1), respectively, at 7.5 vol% BT NPs loadings. At the same time, PVP/PVDF blends showed Pmax and Ud of only 3.9 μC cm−2 and 4.6 J cm−3 (3369 kV cm−1), respectively. This simple approach of in situ nanomaterials modification will lead to development of low‐cost and time‐efficient dielectric capacitors.
Secondary household transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 among children and adolescents: Clinical and epidemiological aspects
Authors: Afonso Eliane T. , Marques Solomar M. , Costa Lusmaia D. C. , Fortes Patrícia M. , Peixoto Fernanda , Bichuetti‐Silva Danielli C. , Aredes Natália D. A. , Rosso Claci F. W. , Oliveira Faétila dos S. , Fiaccadori Fabíola S. , Souza Menira B. de L. D. e , Silveira‐Lacerda Elisângela de P. , Bazilio Gabriela S. , Borges Clayton L. , Rocha Juliana A. P. , Naghettini Alessandra V. , Costa Paulo S. S. da , Guimarães Rafael A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the secondary attack rate (SAR) in children and adolescents, contacts of essential activities workers who were infected by SARS‐CoV‐2; and to describe associated clinical and epidemiological data.MethodsA cross‐sectional study conducted in children and adolescents aged 5 to 19 years of age, that were household contacts of parents and other relatives who were infected by SARS‐CoV‐2 in the city of Goiânia, Central Brazil, from March to October 2020. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected from all participants. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs were collected and tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA using real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Factors associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and SAR were analyzed using Poisson regression.ResultsA total of 267 children and adolescents were investigated. The prevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA by the real‐time RT‐PCR test and/or the presence of COVID‐19 associated symptoms (anosmia/ageusia and flu syndrome) was 25.1% (95.0% Confidence Interval [95.0% CI] = 20.3‐30.6). More than half (55.1%) of the participants had sygns and symptoms. The most prevalent signs and symptoms in positive individuals were nasal congestion (62.7%), headache (55.2%), cough (50.8%), myalgia (47.8%), runny nose (47.8%), and anosmia (47.8%). The Poisson model showed that the following signs or symptoms were associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: fever, nasal congestion, decreased appetite, nausea, anosmia, and ageusia. Families that had more than one infected adult, in addition to the index case, presented greater transmissibility to children and adolescents.ConclusionsOur results contribute to the hypothesis that children and adolescents are not important sources of transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 in the home environment during a period of social distancing and school closure; even though they are susceptible to infection in the household (around ¼ of our study population).
Regulatory mechanism of androgen receptor on NCAPD3 gene expression in prostate cancer
Authors: Yin Yingying , Liu Qianmei , Shao Yingying , He Xinyuan , Zhu Qingyi , Lu Shan , Liu Ping 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAndrogen receptor (AR) is an essential transcriptional factor that contributes to the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). NCAPD3 is a component of the condensin II complex and plays a critical role in cell mitosis by regulating chromosome condensation; however, the relationship between NCAPD3 and AR remains unknown.MethodsTranscriptome sequencing assay is carried out to analyze the expression of the NCAP family in clinic samples. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing, ChIP assay, and dual‐luciferase assay are used to identify the androgen‐responsive element in NCAPD3 enhancer. Immunohistochemistry, quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, and western‐blot assay are employed to check the expression of genes in PCa tissues and in PCa cells. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy analysis is used for identifying the regulation of AR on NCAPD3‐mediated chromosome condensation. Colony formation, cell cycle assay, wound healing assay, and transwell experiments are used to explore the regulation of AR on the functions of NCAPD3. In vivo experiment is employed to identify in vitro experimental results.ResultsNCAPD3 is an androgen/AR axis‐targeted gene and is involved in AR‐induced PCa cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Androgen treatment and AR overexpression increase the expression of NCAPD3 in PCa cell lines. The canonical exist in the enhancer region of NCAPD3. Androgen/AR axis regulates NCAPD3‐invovled chromosome condensation during cell mitosis.ConclusionsOur report demonstrated that NCAPD3 is an androgen‐responsive gene and upregulated by androgen/AR axis and involved in AR‐promoted progression of PCa, suggesting a potential role of NCAPD3 in the PCa development.
A Re-Innervated in Vitro Skin Model of Non-Histaminergic Itch and Skin Neurogenic Inflammation: PAR2-, TRPV1- and TRPA1-Agonist Induced Functionality
Authors: Lebonvallet N. , Fluhr J. W. , Le Gall-Ianotto C. , Leschiera R. , Talagas M. , Reux A. , Bataille A. , Brun C. , Oddos T. , Pennec J.-P. , Carré J.-L. , Misery L. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Skin, and epidermis, is innervated by sensory nerve fibres. Interactions between them and signal transduction are only partially elucidated in physiological/pathological conditions, especially in pruritus.

Objectives
To study the mechanisms involved in pruritus in vitro, we developed a skin explant model re-innervated by sensory neurons.

Methods
This model is based on the co-culture of human skin explants and sensory neurons from dorsal root ganglia of rats. Innervation and the expression of protease activated receptor 2 (PAR2), transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and transient receptor potential ankyrin one (TRPA1) was analysed by immunostaining. The response of the model to TRPV1, PAR2 and TRPA1 agonists was analysed by patch-clamp, qPCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
After 5 days of re-innervating nerve fibres was evidenced in the epidermis. Re-innervation was correlated with decrease of epidermal thickness and the number of apoptotic cells in the tissue. The major actors of non-histaminergic itch (PAR-2, thymic stromal lymphopoietin [TSLP], TSLP-R, TRPA1 and TRPV1) were expressed in neurons and/or epidermal cells of skin explants. After topical exposure of TRPV1-(Capsaicin), TRPA1-(Polygodial) and PAR2-agonist (SLIGKV-NH2) activation of reinnervating neurons could be shown in patch-clamp analysis. The release of TSLP was increased with capsaicin or SLIGKV but decreased with polygodial. Release of CGRP was increased by capsaicin and polygodial but decreased with SLIGKV. Activation by SLIGKV showed a decrease of VEGF; polygodial induced an increase of TSLP, Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and nerve growth factor and capsaicin lead to a decrease of sema3 and TNF expression.

Conclusion
The present model is suitable for studying itch and neurogenic inflammation pathways in vitro. We observed that activation of TRPV1, TRPA1 and PAR-2 leads to different response profiles in re-innervated skin explants.
Three‐dimensional printing of graphene‐based materials for energy storage and conversion
Authors: Jiang Yanqiu , Guo Fan , Liu Yingjun , Xu Zhen , Gao Chao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDeveloping high‐performance energy storage and conversion (ESC) device relies on both the utilization of good constituent materials and rational design of assembly structure. Graphene‐based materials, due to their superior properties like high electrical/thermal conductivity, large surface area, and unique optical properties, have been extensively reported for ESC applications. The emerging three‐dimensional (3D) printing techniques, especially extrusion‐based direct ink writing technique, have brought a revolutionary improvement in structure control accuracy and designing capability to graphene‐based macro‐assemblies, triggering a boost in functionalities and performances of graphene‐based ESC devices. In these circumstances, understanding the very recent progress of 3D‐printed graphene materials and their design philosophy to bring new concepts for material designs and address the requirements for high‐performance ESC devices are urgently important. In this review, we aim to outline recent developments in 3D printing of graphene‐based materials and their applications in ESC applications. Basic requirements and theoretical analysis for preparation printable inks are discussed, as well as feasible GO ink preparation strategies in existing literatures. The representative explorations of 3D‐printed graphene materials in ESC applications like batteries, supercapacitors, solar steam generators, and electro‐thermal conversion are also reviewed. This study attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of the progresses and limitations of present 3D printed graphene materials, and seeks to enlighten the opportunities and orientations of future research in this field.
TFBen (Benzene‐1,3,5‐triyl triformate): A Powerful and Versatile CO Surrogate
Authors: Yang Hefei , Zhang Jiajun , Chen Zhengkai , Wu Xiao‐Feng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCarbonylative reactions by the using of CO surrogates constitute a facile avenue for the assembly of valuable carbonyl‐containing compounds due to the colorless, toxic, flammable, and not easy‐handing character of carbon monoxide gas. Recent advances in the carbonylative transformations with TFBen (benzene‐1,3,5‐triyl triformate) as a safe and convenient CO precursor are systematically summarized and discussed, which can be divided into three parts based on the patterns of the obtained products. This Review focuses on the discussion of the application of TFBen in carbonylative synthesis of various carbonyl‐containing compounds.