bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of control of heat flux with 2D traversable sonication path in high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment
Authors: Iwahashi Toshihide , Tang Tianhan , Matsui Kazuhiro , Fujiwara Keisuke , Itani Kazunori , Yoshinaka Kiyoshi , Azuma Takashi , Takagi Shu , Sakuma Ichiro 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
High-intensity focused ultrasound causes thermal coagulation around the focal area in a minimally invasive manner. Multiple sonication is required to treat the target area due to the small size of the focal area. Consequently, the throughput is limited, and several sonication paths have been proposed to improve it. However, a systematic comparison of these paths is lacking. In this study, the effect of the moving focal area was analyzed using a moving heat source model. The effects of moving the heat source and the utilization of thermal accumulation were evaluated for the proposed sonication paths. Controlling multiple foci was effective because the heat flux was concentrated on energy that was focused in the unprocessed area without providing energy to previously processed areas. The multiple foci using thermal accumulation could reduce the treatment time and total input energy by 7.7% and 50%, respectively, compared to methods without thermal accumulation.
دور العقليات الإبداعية في التنبؤ بالكفاءة الذاتية الإبداعيةوالهوية الشخصية الإبداعية لدى طلبة جامعة الإمام عبد الرحمن بن فيصل
Authors: الدبابي خلدون , عبد الرحمن عبد السلام 
Published: October 2021

الملخص
تبحث هذه الدراسة في دور العقليات الإبداعية كمتنبأ بالكفاءة الذاتية الإبداعية والهوية الشخصية الإبداعية لدى عينة مكونة من (409) من الطلبة المسجلين في جامعة الإمام عبد الرحمن بن فيصل. استخدمت الدراسة مقياس العقليات الإبداعية لكاروفسكي (Karwowski, 2014)، ومقياس الكفاءة الذاتية الإبداعية والهوية الشخصية الإبداعية لكاروفسكي وليبودا ووسنسكا (Karwowski, Lebuda & Wisniewska, 2018). أظهرت النتائج وجود مساهمة نسبية ذات دلالة إحصائية للعقلية الثابتة في الكفاءة الذاتية الإبداعية ومقدارها (9%) . كما أظهرت النتائج وجود علاقة ارتباطية ذات دلالة إحصائية بين العقلية المرنة والعقلية الثابتة من جهة والكفاءة الذاتية الإبداعية من جهة أخرى. كما أظهرت النتائج عدم وجود علاقة ارتباطية دالة إحصائياً بين العقلية المرنة والعقلية الثابتة والهوية الشخصية الإبداعية. كما أظهرت النتائج أن مستوى العقلية المرنة جاء بمستوى متوسط، وجاءت العقلية الثابتة بمستوى منخفض. في حين جاءت كل من الكفاءة الذاتية الإبداعية والهوية الشخصية الإبداعية بمستوى مرتفع. وخرجت الدراسة بمجموعة من التوصيات، منها الحاجة إلى مزيد من الأبحاث فيما يتعلق بقياس العقليات الإبداعية على وجه التحديد كمتنبأ بالإبداع، وضرورة عمل المزيد من الدراسات لمعرفة المتغيرات الأخرى التي يمكن أن تتنبأ بالكفاءة الذاتية الإبداعية والهوية الشخصية الإبداعية.
الكلمات المفتاحية: العقليات الإبداعية، الكفاءة الذاتية الإبداعية، الهوية الشخصية الإبداعية
Incorporation of Human Rights in International Relations
Authors: Oikya Upal Aditya 
Published: October 2021

Human rights have been firmly enmeshed in both studies and practice of international relations. The prevailing theories of international relations describe the function of those rights in substantially dissimilar ways, and it is apparent that their key statements include compelling arguments, suggesting an inconvenient apposition of state sovereignty with ideas of universal moral order. The development of the universal human rights regime of the United Nations (UN), the growth of international non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and, eventually, human rights activists have made it possible for human rights to be more deeply incorporated into state diplomatic activities. These trends, however, raise critical concerns about the practice of the state of human rights. Although there is some reversal of the norm, however, states continue to face humanitarian crises and show signs of human rights protection domestically and promotion internationally to varying degrees. In the same way, we are also seeing a major change in the principles and procedures of international enforcement of human rights. The goal of this paper is to address briefly certain variables relevant to the incorporation of human rights in international relations.
Cosmic Web-halo Connection between Twin Universes
Authors: Chen 陈 Hou-Zun 厚尊 , Kang 康 Xi 熙 , Wang 王 Peng 鹏 , Libeskind Noam I. , Luo 罗 Yu 煜 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Both simulation and observational data have shown that the spin and shape of dark matter halos are correlated with their nearby large-scale environment. As structure formation on different scales is strongly coupled, it is tricky to disentangle the formation of a halo from that of the large-scale environment, making it difficult to infer which is the driving force behind the correlation between halo spin/shape and the large-scale structure. In this paper, we use N-body simulations to produce twin universes that share the same initial conditions on small scales but that are different on large scales. This is achieved by changing the random seeds for the phase of those k modes smaller than a given scale in the initial conditions. In this way, we are able to disentangle the formation of halo and large-scale structure, making it possible to investigate how halo spin and shape correspond to the change of environment on large scales. We identify matching halo pairs in the twin simulations as those sharing the maximum number of identical particles within them. Using these matched halo pairs, we study the cross match of halo spin and the correlation with the large-scale structure. It is found that when the large-scale environment changes (eigenvector) between the twin simulations, the halo spin has to rotate accordingly, although not significantly, to maintain the universal correlation seen in each simulation. Our results suggest that the large-scale structure is the main factor to drive the correlation between halo properties and their environment.
Transport of Charged Particles Propagating in Turbulent Magnetic Fields as a Red-noise Process
Authors: Deligny Olivier 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The transport of charged particles in various astrophysical environments permeated by magnetic fields is described in terms of a diffusion process, which relies on diffusion-tensor parameters generally inferred from Monte Carlo simulations. In this paper, a theoretical derivation of the diffusion coefficient in the case of a purely turbulent magnetic field is presented. The approach is based on a red-noise approximation to model the 2 point correlation function of the magnetic field experienced by the particles between two successive times. This approach is shown to describe the regime in which the Larmor radius of the particles is in resonance with the wavelength power spectrum of the turbulence (gyroresonant regime), extending hence previous results applying to the high-rigidity regime in which the Larmor radius is greater than the larger wavelength of the turbulence. The results are shown to be consistent with those obtained with a Monte Carlo generator. Although not considered in this study, the presence of a mean field on top of the turbulence is discussed.
Effects of Turbulence in the Circumnuclear Disk
Authors: Dinh Cuc K. , Salas Jesus M. , Morris Mark R. , Naoz Smadar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A circumnuclear disk (CND) of molecular gas occupies the central few parsecs of the Galactic Center. It is likely subject to turbulent disruptions from violent events in its surrounding environment, but the effect of such perturbations has not yet been investigated in detail. Here we perform 3D, N-body/smoothed particle hydrodynamic simulations with an adapted general turbulence driving method to investigate the CND’s structural evolution, in particular its reaction to varied scales of injected turbulence. We find that, because of shear flow in the disk, transient arcs of gas (streams) naturally arise when turbulence is driven on large scales (up to ∼4 pc), as might occur when a supernova blast wave encounters the CND. Because energetic events arise naturally and often in the central parsecs of our Galaxy, this result suggests that the transient structures that characterize the CND do not imply that the CND itself is a transient structure. We also note that features similar to the density concentrations, or clumps, detailed in the literature emerge when we account for the observed orientation of the disk and for the spatial resolution of observations. As such, clumps could be an artifact of observational limitations.
The z ∼ 2 [O iii] Luminosity Function of Grism-selected Emission-line Galaxies
Authors: Bowman William P. , Ciardullo Robin , Zeimann Gregory R. , Gronwall Caryl , Jeong Donghui , Nagaraj Gautam , Abelson Cullen , Weiss Laurel H. , Molina Mallory , Schneider Donald P. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Upcoming missions such as Euclid and the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (Roman) will use emission-line-selected galaxies to address a variety of questions in cosmology and galaxy evolution in the z > 1 universe. The optimal observing strategy for these programs relies on knowing the number of galaxies that will be found and the bias of the galaxy population. Here we measure the [O iii] λ5007 luminosity function for a vetted sample of 1951 m
J+JH+H < 26 galaxies with unambiguous redshifts between 1.90 < z < 2.35, which were selected using Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/WFC3 G141 grism frames made available by the 3D-HST program. These systems are directly analogous to the galaxies that will be identified by the Euclid and Roman missions, which will utilize grism spectroscopy to find [O iii] λ5007-emitting galaxies at 0.8 ≲ z ≲ 2.7 and 1.7 ≲ z ≲ 2.8, respectively. We interpret our results in the context of the expected number counts for these upcoming missions. Finally, we combine our dust-corrected [O iii] luminosities with rest-frame ultraviolet star formation rates to present a new calibration of the star formation rate density associated with 1.90 < z < 2.35 [O iii]-emitting galaxies. We find that these grism-selected galaxies contain roughly half of the total star formation activity at z ∼ 2.
Immunogenicity and potential protection of DNA vaccine of Leishmania martiniquensis against Leishmania infection in mice
Authors: Aunguldee Thuntawat , Gerdprasert Orapin , Tangteerawatana Piyatida , Jariyapongskul Amporn , Leelayoova Saovanee , Wongsatayanon Benjamas Thanomsub 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: In Thailand, Leishmania martiniquensis is the predominant species causing cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. Its incidence has been increasing among immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. We developed a prototype DNA vaccine using a partial consensus sequence of the cysteine protease B (cpb) gene derived from L. martiniquensis from Thai patients.
Methodology: The laboratory inbred strain of albino BALB/c mice were immunized intramuscularly three times at 2-week intervals (weeks 0, 2, and 4) with cpb plasmid DNA (pcDNA_cpb) with or without the adjuvant, monoolein (pcDNA_cpb-MO). Mice were challenged at week 6 with L. martiniquensis promastigotes. Sera were analysed for IgG1, IgG2a, interferon gamma and interleukin 10 (IFN-γ and IL-10, respectively) levels at weeks 0, 4, and 9. Additionally, livers and spleens were also analysed for parasite burden using immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain (qPCR) assays.
Results: Three weeks after promastigote challenge, vaccinated mice showed significantly increased levels of IgG2a and IFN-γ while IL-10 level was significantly reduced when compared with those in the control group (p < 0.01). Parasite burden in the livers and spleens of vaccinated mice significantly decreased. In addition, a significant increase in mature granuloma formation in the livers when compared with those of the control group (p < 0.05) was found, indicating increased T-helper cells (Th1)-induced inflammation and destruction of amastigotes. Monoolein produced a booster effect to enhance the mouse Th1 protective immunity.
Conclusions: The prototype DNA vaccine could induce a Th1 immune response that conferred potential protection to the L. martiniquensis promastigote challenge in BALB/c mice.
Empiric antibiotic and in-vitro susceptibility of urosepsis pathogens: do they match? The outcome of a study from south India
Authors: Subramanian Anandhalakshmi , Bhat Sandhya , Mookkappan Sudhagar , Anitha Patricia , Kandasamy Ravichandran , Kanungo Reba 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Urosepsis is life threatening, unless treated immediately. Empirical treatment with appropriate antibiotics lowers the risk of a poor outcome. However, with increasing resistance among common uropathogens, there is a need for continuous review of the existing protocol to determine whether there is a correlation between empirical antibiotic therapy and in-vitro susceptibility pattern of the pathogens causing urosepsis.
Methodology: A prospective study was carried out on 66 confirmed cases of urosepsis from January 2017 to December 2018 after obtaining ethical clearance. Demographic details, risk factors, length of hospital stay, bacteriological profile, empirical antibiotic given, and change in antibiotic following susceptibility report and outcome was recorded.
Results: Among the 66 urosepsis cases 63 of them were started on empiric antibiotic. The correlation between the empirical antibiotic given and the in-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility was found to be significant with a p value < 0.0001. Among the 63 for whom empiric antibiotics was started further escalation of antibiotic was done in 46 patients. The remaining 20% of cases were changed over to a different antibiotic, in line with susceptibility report. The mortality rate was (15.1%) with a confidence interval of (CI = 15 ± 3.5). The association between the risk factors for urosepsis and their effect on mortality rate was analyzed. Diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease were identified as important independent risk factors and had direct influence on the mortality rate with significant p value of 0.0281 and 0.0015 respectively.
Conclusions: A significant correlation was identified between the empirical antibiotic given and in-vitro antibiotic susceptibility pattern.
Environmental sustainability and scientific publishing: EASE manifesto
Authors: Mertens Stephan , Brown Alastair 
Published: October 2021

Human impacts on the Earth have become so pervasive as to drive global scale changes leading some scientists to propose a new geological epoch, the Anthropocene. A name which reflects the huge and sweeping changes human activities have caused to the Earth. Furthermore, these rapidly expanding and accelerating activities threaten to push aspects of the Earth system beyond&nbsp; the relatively stable and safe space in which the entirety of human history occurred, the Holocene. This safe operating space is characterised by a set of nine planetary boundaries1 within which humanity should be able to continue to develop and thrive for generations to come. These include: climate change, biosphere integrity, biogeochemical flows and freshwater use. Crossing these boundaries risks generating large-scale, rapid or irreversible environmental changes.
Reducing the environmental impact of our activities in order to keep within a safe operating space for humanity and the linked goal of providing a basic social foundation for everyone requires global actions. Every individual, company, institution and organisation, whether large or small, public or private, needs to contribute &ndash; &lsquo;think global, act local&rsquo;. Scientific publishing as a key player in discussing and disseminating research on climate heating and the biodiversity crisis has transformed from print to digital journals and e-books over recent decades but we must do more.
The European Association of Science Editors (EASE) is an international community of individuals and associations engaged in science communication and editing. As such, EASE can help and support its members to engage in different ways to achieve and communicate efforts to reduce our environmental footprints for example by becoming carbon neutral (or even carbon negative) irrespective of the type of organisation they work in.
Below are some suggestions for how editors can take steps to reduce their environmental footprint in their own particular circumstances and thereby contribute to the overall effort to reduce environmental damages. Not all suggestions will be relevant to everyone and structural or organisational change will have a greater impact than individual actions, but together we can make a difference.
IL-10 as a Th2 Cytokine: Differences Between Mice and Humans
Authors: Rasquinha Mahima T , Sur Meghna , Lasrado Ninaad , Reddy Jay 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The discovery of IL-10 more than 30 years ago marked the beginning of our understanding of how cytokines regulate immune responses, based on cross-regulation between Th1 and Th2 cytokines. Although multiple cell types were shown to produce IL-10, its identity as a Th2 cytokine remained strong because it was rigidly associated with Th2 clones in mice, whereas both Th1 and Th2 clones could secrete IL-10 in humans. However, as new Th1/Th2 cell functionalities emerged, anti-inflammatory action of IL-10 gained more attention than its inhibitory effect on Th1 cells, which may occur as an indirect consequence of suppression of APCs. This notion is also supported by the discovery of regulatory T cells, whose suppressor functions involve the mediation of IL-10, among other molecules. From this perspective, we discuss the functionalities of IL-10 by highlighting important differences between mice and humans with an emphasis on the Th1 and Th2 paradigm.
More Than Two to Tango: Mesenchymal Cells Are Required for Early T Cell Development
Authors: Anderson Michele K 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This Pillars of Immunology article is a commentary on “MHC class II-positive epithelium and mesenchyme cells are both required for T-cell development in the thymus,” a pivotal article written by G. Anderson, E. J. Jenkinson, N. C. Moore, and J. J. Owen, and published in Nature, in 1993 https://www.nature.com/articles/362070a0.
SysInflam HuDB, a Web Resource for Mining Human Blood Cells Transcriptomic Data Associated with Systemic Inflammatory Responses to Sepsis
Authors: Toufiq Mohammed , Huang Susie Shih Yin , Boughorbel Sabri , Alfaki Mohamed , Rinchai Darawan , Saraiva Luis R , Chaussabel Damien , Garand Mathieu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Sepsis develops after a dysregulated host inflammatory response to a systemic infection. Identification of sepsis biomarkers has been challenging because of the multifactorial causes of disease susceptibility and progression. Public transcriptomic data are a valuable resource for mechanistic discoveries and cross-studies concordance of heterogeneous diseases. Nonetheless, the approach requires structured methodologies and effective visualization tools for meaningful data interpretation. Currently, no such database exists for sepsis or systemic inflammatory diseases in human. Hence we curated SysInflam HuDB (http://sepsis.gxbsidra.org/dm3/geneBrowser/list), a unique collection of human blood transcriptomic datasets associated with systemic inflammatory responses to sepsis. The transcriptome collection and the associated clinical metadata are integrated onto a user-friendly and Web-based interface that allows the simultaneous exploration, visualization, and interpretation of multiple datasets stemming from different study designs. To date, the collection encompasses 62 datasets and 5719 individual profiles. Concordance of gene expression changes with the associated literature was assessed, and additional analyses are presented to showcase database utility. Combined with custom data visualization at the group and individual levels, SysInflam HuDB facilitates the identification of specific human blood gene signatures in response to infection (e.g., patients with sepsis versus healthy control subjects) and the delineation of major genetic drivers associated with inflammation onset and progression under various conditions.
Noticia de Revistas Autonómicas
Authors: Fernández Ramos Severiano 
Published: October 2021

SUMARIO:
1.- Unión Europea, Comunidades Autónomas, Derecho autonó-mico, Distribución de competencias2.- Derechos fundamentales y derechos de ciudadanía.3.- Fuentes, potestad reglamentaria, organización administrativa.4.- Acto, procedimiento administrativo, expropiación, responsabilidad y control Jurisdiccional de las Administraciones Públicas.5.- Empleo público, bienes y contratación pública.6.- Modalidades administrativas de Intervención (Policía, Fomento, Servicio público, Actividad Sancionadora, Arbitral y Planificadora)6.- Sectores Administrativos de Intervención. Derecho Administrativo económico (Aguas, Montes, Minas, Costas, Agricultura y pesca, Urbanismo y Ordenación del territorio, Medio ambiente, Energía, Telecomunicaciones, Patrimonio cultural, etc.)7.- Varia.
Data-Driven Self-Optimizing Control: Unconstrained Optimization Problem
Authors: Grema Alhaji S , Cao Yi , Grema Modu B 
Published: October 2021

Controlled variable (CV) selection plays an important role in determining the performance of a process plant. Existing methods for CV selection through self-optimizing control requires linearization of rigorous models around nominal operating points. This is a very difficult task which results to large losses. This work presents a novel method for CV design. A necessary condition of optimality (NCO) was proposed to be the CV. The approach does not require the analytical expression of the NCO to be derived but is approximated through a single regression step based on data. Finite difference was used to approximate the NCO (gradient) using data; three finite difference schemes were employed for this purpose, which are forward, backward and central differences. Seven different cases with respect to number of sampling points, neighborhood points and finite difference schemes were investigated. To demonstrate the efficacy of the method in simplest way, it is applied to a hypothetical unconstrained optimization problem. The proposed method was found to have outperformed some existing approaches in many instances. A zero loss was recorded by some designed CVs. Central difference was found to be the best schemes among the three. Keywords— controlled variable, disturbance, finite difference, monotonicity, regression.