bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contextualizing Discrimination of Religious and Linguistic Minorities in South Thailand
Authors: Joll Christopher Mark 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article explores how scholarship can be put to work by specialists penning evidence-based policies seeking peaceful resolutions to long-standing, complex, and so-far intractable conflict in the Malay-Muslim dominated provinces of South Thailand. I contend that more is required than mere empirical data, and that the existing analysis of this conflict often lacks theoretical ballast and overlooks the wider historical context in which Bangkok pursued policies impacting its ethnolinguistically, and ethnoreligiously diverse citizens. I demonstrate the utility of both interacting with what social theorists have written about what “religion” and language do—and do not—have in common, and the relative importance of both in sub-national conflicts, and comparative historical analysis. The case studies that this article critically introduces compare chapters of ethnolinguistic and ethnoreligious chauvinism against a range of minorities, including Malay-Muslim citizens concentrated in the southern provinces of Pattani, Yala, and Narathiwat. These include Buddhist ethnolinguistic minorities in Thailand’s Northeast, and Catholic communities during the second world war widely referred to as the high tide of Thai ethno-nationalism. I argue that these revealing aspects of the southern Malay experience need to be contextualized—even de-exceptionalized.
The crystal structure of 2-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine, C17H13BN2O2
Authors: Ren Huaping , Miao Zong-Cheng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
C17H13BN2O2, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 10.0820(14) Å, b = 13.1135(19) Å, c = 20.644(3) Å, V = 2729.4 Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0373, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1005, T = 193 K.
Neurons interact with the microbiome: an evolutionary-informed perspective
Authors: Giez Christoph , Klimovich Alexander , Bosch Thomas C. G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAnimals have evolved within the framework of microbes and are constantly exposed to diverse microbiota. Microbes colonize most, if not all, animal epithelia and influence the activity of many organs, including the nervous system. Therefore, any consideration on nervous system development and function in the absence of the recognition of microbes will be incomplete. Here, we review the current knowledge on the nervous systems ofHydraand its role in the host–microbiome communication. We show that recent advances in molecular and imaging methods are allowing a comprehensive understanding of the capacity of such a seemingly simple nervous system in the context of the metaorganism. We propose that the development, function and evolution of neural circuits must be considered in the context of host–microbe interactions and presentHydraas a strategic model system with great basic and translational relevance for neuroscience.
Synthesis of macro-RAFT agent containing M13-10 and its application in surface sizing agent
Authors: Wang Ye , Yuan Yi-en , Ji Yong-xin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A novel macro-RAFT emulsifier was synthesized with S, S’-bis(α, α’-dimethyl-α”-acetic acid)-trithiocarbonate (BDATT), M13-10 (self-made emulsifier) and acrylate monomer, which was further used to prepare surface sizing agent. On the other hand, M13-10 was synthesized with iso-tridecanol polyoxyethylene ether, sodium methoxide and sulfamic acid as the starting materials. The hydrophilicity of macro-RAFT emulsifier and the performance of surface sizing agent were affected by BDATT used as the chain transfer agent and M13-10 as the hydrophilic monomer. So, the CMC and HLB of the emulsifier prepared with different M13-10 content and BDATT content, were compared, as well as the particle size of the prepared surface sizing agent, and the cobb, bursting resistance, tensile resistance, folding endurance and roughness of paper sized. The results reveal that surface sizing agent with macro-RAFT emulsifier of which the amount of M13-10 is 7 w% and the amount of BDATT is 2.5 w% demonstrates the best sizing effect on paper with the contact angle of 119°, the surface water absorption (cobb) of 48.8 g/m2, the bursting strength of 285 kPa, the folding endurance of 19 and the tensile strength of 59.6 kN/m.
Für wen sind Unternehmen da?
Authors: Wagner Franz W. 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Der Deutsche Corporate Governance Kodex (DCGK) verpflichtet Vorstand und Aufsichtsrat börsennotierter Kapitalgesellschaften auf eine Geschäftspolitik im Interesse der „Stakeholder“ von Unternehmen. Dadurch entsteht der Eindruck, der DCGK habe den zuvor postulierten Interessen-Primat der Kapitaleigner aufgegeben und zwischen den „Varieties of capitalism“ einen Kurswechsel vorgenommen. Andererseits gehen die finanzwirtschaftliche sowie die politikwissenschaftliche und soziologische Literatur davon aus, dass die Globalisierung der Finanzmärkte und das Vordringen institutioneller Investoren eine irreversible Kapitalmarktorientierung der Finanzsysteme eingeleitet haben. In deren Folge nutzen Unternehmen auch ihre Stakeholder-Beziehungen als Wettbewerbsfaktoren zur Steigerung des Unternehmenswertes. Vom Stakeholder-Appell des deutschen DCGK ist daher eher ein politisches Signal an die Öffentlichkeit als ein Einfluss auf Unternehmensziele zu erwarten.
Tracing Policy-relevant Information in Social Media: The Case of Twitter before and during the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Vydra Simon , Kantorowicz Jaroslaw 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Real-time social media data hold great conceptual promise for research and policymaking, but also face substantial limitations and shortcomings inherent to processing re-purposed data in near-real-time. This paper aims to fill two research gaps important for understanding utility of real-time social media data for policymaking: What policy-relevant information is contained in this data and whether this information changes in periods of abrupt social, economic, and policy change. To do so, this paper focuses on two salient policy areas heavily affected by the lockdown policies responding to the 2020 COVID-19 crisis – early childhood education and care policies, and labor market policies focused on (un)employment. We utilize Twitter data for a four-month period during the first wave of COVID-19 and data for the same four-month period the preceding year. We analyze this data using a novel method combining structural topic models and latent semantic scaling, which allows us to summarize the data in detail and to test for change of content between the period of ‘normalcy’ and period of ‘crisis’. With regards to the first research gap, we show that there is policy-relevant information in Twitter data, but that the majority of our data is of limited relevance, and that the data that is relevant present some challenges and limitations. With regards to the second research gap, we successfully quantify the change in relevant information between periods of ‘normalcy’ and ‘crisis’. We also comment on the practicality and advantages of our approach for leveraging micro-blogging data in near real-time.
Detektion und Tracking von Brennstoffpartikeln auf Basis eines Lichtfeldkamerasystems
Authors: Zhang Miao , Matthes Jörg , Aleksandrov Krasimir , Gehrmann Hans-Joachim , Vogelbacher Markus 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Heutzutage finden die aus Abfällen gewonnenen Brennstoffe eine zunehmende Verwendung bei industriellen Verbrennungsprozessen, wie beispielsweise zur Erzeugung von Wärme bei der Verbrennung in Zement-Drehrohröfen. Um eine kontrollierbare und sichere Verbrennung dieses alternativen Brennstoffs zu gewährleisten, ist eine Analyse des Flug- und Verbrennungsverhaltens unerlässlich. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir Methoden zur Analyse von Bilddaten vor, die von einer Lichtfeldkamera während der Verbrennung von den aus Abfällen gewonnenen Brennstoffen in einem Drehrohr aufgenommen wurden. Das Kamerasystem liefert 3D-Informationen sowohl zu den Brennstoffpartikeln als auch zur inneren Form des Drehrohrofens. Die Analyse beinhaltet Verfahren zur Partikeldetektion unter Verwendung von 3D-Clustering-Algorithmen und Verfahren zur Partikelverfolgung unter Verwendung von Multi-Objekt-Tracking-Algorithmen.
Role of exosomal miRNAs in brain metastasis affected by radiotherapy
Authors: Li Zihuang , Yang Hongli , Ye Ling , Quan Rencui , Chen Meili 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn oncogenesis and development of malignant tumor, microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the complex gene expression associated with the tumor pathogenesis. Currently, only few studies have been conducted to identify miRNAs and the potential pathways involved in the pathogenesis of brain metastasis in patients who underwent radiotherapy, especially miRNAs in the plasma exosomes. Therefore, this study is aimed to use small RNA analysis to identify miRNAs and their potential target genes in plasma exosomes during the initiation and development of brain metastasis in patients who underwent radiotherapy. Using high-throughput sequencing technologies, we identified 35 differentially expressed miRNAs in patients with brain metastasis who had undergone radiotherapy. In annotation of miRNA targets, gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that the targets of the differentially expressed miRNAs were significantly enriched in the regulation of cellular processes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes revealed that most of the miRNA targets were cancer-related, including genes involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, cancer-related pathways, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B signaling pathway, microtubule-associated protein kinase signaling pathway, Ras signaling pathway, regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, and axon guidance. In conclusion, this study provides a new perspective to understand the possible function of these miRNAs in the pathogenesis of brain metastasis. This was the first time that a pilot study identified plasma exosomal miRNAs in five patients with brain metastasis before and after radiotherapy. This study is the beginning; more specimen and further research are needed to explore the functional role of specific miRNAs and their potential as therapeutic targets for brain metastasis.
Declaring Uncertainty: Using Quality Improvement Methods to Change the Conversation of Diagnosis
Authors: Ipsaro Anna J. , Patel Shivani J. , Warner Dane C. , Marshall Trisha L. , Chan Steven T. , Rohrmeier Katherine , Richardson Deborah , Kammer Amanda , Luksic Emily , Bell Kathleen D. , Hagedorn Philip A. 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND:Diagnostic uncertainty may be a sign that a patient’s working diagnosis is incorrect, but literature on proactively identifying diagnostic uncertainty is lacking. Using quality improvement methodologies, we aimed to create a process for identifying patients with uncertain diagnoses (UDs) on a pediatric inpatient unit and communicating about them with the interdisciplinary health care team.METHODS:Plan-do-study-act cycles were focused on interdisciplinary communication, structured handoffs, and integration of diagnostic uncertainty into the electronic medical record. Our definition of UD was as follows: “you wouldn’t be surprised if the patient had a different diagnosis that required a change in management.” The primary measure, which was tracked on an annotated run chart, was percentage agreement between the charge nurse and primary clinician regarding which patients had a UD. Secondary measures included the percentage of patient days during which patients had UDs. Data were collected 3 times daily by text message polls.RESULTS:Over 13 months, the percentage agreement between the charge nurse and primary clinician about which patients had UDs increased from a baseline of 19% to a median of 84%. On average, patients had UDs during 11% of patient days.CONCLUSIONS:We created a novel and effective process to improve shared recognition of patients with diagnostic uncertainty among the interdisciplinary health care team, which is an important first step in improving care for these patients.
HEADSS Up! Missed Opportunity for Psychosocial Screening in Hospitalized Adolescents
Authors: Addison Jessica , Herrera Nicole , Tuchman Lisa , Bokor Brooke 
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE:To assess the frequency and completeness of adolescent psychosocial screening documentation for adolescents and young adults hospitalized to a pediatric hospitalist medicine service.METHODS:All patients 12 to 21 years old on the hospital medicine service in an urban, academic, free standing children’s hospital in the Mid-Atlantic United States from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2015, were identified. A retrospective review was conducted to assess the frequency of documentation of a complete psychosocial screening using the Home, Education, Activities, Drugs, Sex, Suicide assessment within 48 hours of admission. Differences in screening rates according to race, sex, age, patient’s medical complexity, and whether they required transfer to a higher level of care were assessed through logistic regression analyses.RESULTS:Only 5.3% (24 of 435 patients) had all 6 domains of the Home, Education, Activities, Drugs, Sex, Suicide psychosocial assessment documented. Controlling for patient characteristics (demographic, medical complexity, and level of care), the odds of being screened for sensitive domains (drugs, sex, and suicide) were higher in female patients, patients ≥16 years old, and those transferred to a higher level of care. Those considered high medical complexity were screened less across all domains.CONCLUSIONS:Overall, pediatric hospitalist documentation lacked adolescent psychosocial screening. Potential opportunities exist through screening early in the hospitalization to connect youth with services that influence health outcomes.
Parent Perspectives on the Eat, Sleep, Console Approach for the Care of Opioid-Exposed Infants
Authors: McRae Kamelia , Sebastian Theiju , Grossman Matthew , Loyal Jaspreet 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND:
At our institution, the treatment of infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is guided by a function-based assessment called the Eat, Sleep, Console (ESC) approach. Infants room in with their parent(s) on the inpatient units, and most infants are treated exclusively with nonpharmacologic interventions. The experience of parents of infants with NAS treated with the ESC approach is unknown.

METHODS:
We chose a deductive, hypothesis-driven approach to perform a content analysis of transcripts from in-depth, semistructured interviews of parents of infants with NAS in our institution. Responses were audiotaped, transcribed, and reviewed by at least 3 members of the research team.

RESULTS:
We interviewed 18 parents of infants with NAS. Most participants were ≥30 years, were white, and had a high school or equivalent level of education. Four major themes emerged: (1) parents were supportive of fewer interventions and normalizing of newborn care in the ESC approach; (2) parents felt encouraged to lead their infant’s NAS care; (3) parents perceived gaps in communication about what to expect in the hospital immediately after delivery and during their infant’s hospital stay; and (4) parents experienced feelings of guilt, fear, and stress and expressed the need for increased support.

CONCLUSIONS:
Parents in our study had an overall positive experience with the ESC approach. This engagement probably contributes to the success of the ESC approach in our institution. Future opportunities include better preparation of expectant mothers and continued emotional support after delivery.
Say What? Quantifying and Classifying Jargon Use During Inpatient Rounds
Authors: Charpentier Victoria , Gotlieb Rachael , Praska Corinne E. , Hendrickson Marissa , Pitt Michael B. , Marmet Jordan 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND:
Although plain language is recognized as essential for effective communication, research reveals that medical providers regularly use jargon terminology that may be misunderstood by patients. Little is known, however, about the types and frequency of jargon used in the pediatric inpatient setting. We aimed to quantify jargon use by medical team members during inpatient family-centered rounds (FCRs) and to identify the most common categories of jargon used.

METHODS:
One of 3 trained medical students audited FCRs on a general pediatric service once weekly for 12 weeks, recording and categorizing jargon used with a published classification framework. Jargon usage was classified by category and quantified by using descriptive statistics. Rates were calculated by patient encounter and per minute. Feedback was provided to rounding teams after each observation.

RESULTS:
During 70 observed FCR patient encounters, there were a total of 443 jargon words or phrases spoken, of which 309 (70%) were not explicitly defined to the patient or family by the health care provider team. The mean number of undefined jargon words or phrases used per patient was 4.3 (±1.7), with a mean of 0.4 (±0.1) uses of undefined jargon per minute. The most common categories of undefined jargon used include technical terminology (eg, bronchiolitis), medical vernacular (eg, cultures), and abbreviations and acronyms (eg, NPO for “nothing by mouth”) at 34%, 30%, and 17%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
Undefined medical jargon was used frequently by health care providers during pediatric FCRs. We found it was feasible to measure provider jargon use and to use a jargon classification scheme to provide real-time, concrete feedback.
Correlating Scores but Contrasting Outcomes for Eat Sleep Console Versus Modified Finnegan
Authors: Ryan Kelsey , Moyer Andrea , Glait Megan , Yan Ke , Dasgupta Mahua , Saudek Kristine , Cabacungan Erwin 
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVES:
The Modified Finnegan Neonatal Abstinence Scoring System (M-FNASS) and the newer Eat, Sleep, and Console (ESC) model guide the clinical management of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS). In this study, we evaluate how the M-FNASS and ESC model directly compare in inpatient practice. We hypothesized that ESC scores would correlate with M-FNASS scores, whereas ESC management would reduce health care use for infants with NOWS.

METHODS:
In this retrospective cohort study, we compared management of infants with NOWS admitted to nursery settings. Epoch 1 was managed by using an M-FNASS algorithm. Epoch 2 was scored simultaneously with the M-FNASS and ESC model and managed by using the ESC approach. In the statistical analysis, we compared M-FNASS and ESC scores and outcomes between epochs.

RESULTS:
A total of 158 infants provided 2101 scoring instances for analysis. Demographic characteristics were similar between epochs. ESC scores significantly correlated with overall M-FNASS scores and specific M-FNASS domains. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that an ESC score containing at least 1 “no” was best predicted by an M-FNASS cutoff value of 7.5 (sensitivity 0.84; specificity 0.70; area under the curve = 0.842). Length of stay (median 9.5 vs 5 days; P = .0002) and initiation (53% vs. 33%; P = .018) and duration of pharmacologic treatment (median 11 vs 7 days; P = .0042), as well as length of stay for infants who were pharmacologically treated (median 15 vs 10 days; P = .0002), were significantly reduced with ESC-based management after adjustment for covariates.

CONCLUSIONS:
The ESC approach meaningfully correlates with the M-FNASS to detect NOWS. Management with the ESC approach continues to be associated with reduced health care use when compared with an M-FNASS approach, implying that the ESC approach may facilitate higher-value inpatient care.
Use of a Flexible Catheter for the Administration of Subcutaneous Insulin in Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Feasibility Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Beaudoin Maria Laura , Torrents Milagros , Tittarelli María Florencia , Hamui Magali , Ibarra Mariano , Ferraro Mabel , Ferreira Juan Pablo 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND:
Although intravenous insulin administration is the standard of care in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), subcutaneous insulin administration could be a suitable alternative in resource-limited settings, but pain caused by hourly insulin applications are limiting factors for using it, especially in children. We aimed to assess whether the use of a flexible subcutaneous catheter improves comfort in patients with DKA compared with the usual hourly injections’ treatment. We also compared the evolution of metabolic variables in patients with DKA using both insulin administration systems.

METHODS:
Randomized feasibility controlled open trial, comparing 2 ways (flexible catheter and steel needle) for the initial insulin administration in children with DKA, who were randomly selected to receive subcutaneous insulin by a flexible catheter or using standard needles. The main outcome was pain, assessed hourly and secondary outcome time to achieve ketoacidosis resolution.

RESULTS:
Twenty subjects were included (10 by group). There were no differences between groups in baseline lab values (glycemia, urea, sodium, bicarbonate and pH). Pain assessment at first insulin administration was significantly lower in the intervention group (4.5 vs 0 points; P = 0.001). Similar differences between both treatment arms were observed in every pain assessment. There were no differences between groups regarding the time elapsed to achieve ketoacidosis resolution. (11.4±4.3 vs 16±8.4; P = 0.12). No adverse events or DKA complications were observed.

CONCLUSIONS:
The use of a flexible catheter reduced the pain associated with subcutaneous insulin administration in nonsevere DKA. The flexible subcutaneous catheter could be a safe alternative for the treatment of uncomplicated DKA in resource-limited settings.
Estimation of lipophilicity and design of new 17β-carboxamide glucocorticoids using RP-HPLC and quantitative structure-retention relationships analysis
Authors: Dobričić Vladimir , Bošković Jelena , Vukadinović Dragana , Vladimirov Sote , Čudina Olivera 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Eight 17β-carboxamide glucocorticoids with local anti-inflammatory activity were selected and their retention behavior tested in six RP-HPLC systems (I–VI). logkw, a, and φ

0
parameters were calculated and correlation with previously determined logPo/w values was examined. RP-HPLC system IV, which consisted of cyano column and methanol–water mobile phases (50:50, 60:40, 70:30, and 80:20, v/v), was selected as the most reliable for lipophilicity prediction and used for the analysis of chromatographic behavior of remaining fourteen 17β-carboxamide glucocorticoids. Quantitative structure-retention relationships analysis was performed and PLS(logkw) model was selected as the most statistically significant. On the basis of selected model and interpretation of corresponding descriptors, new derivatives with higher logkw values and higher expected lipophilicity were designed.