bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of thermal screening in detection of COVID-19 among truck drivers at Mutukula Land Point of Entry, Uganda
Authors: Nsawotebba Andrew , Ibanda Ivan , Ssewanyana Isaac , Ogwok Patrick , Ocen Francis , Okiira Christopher , Kagirita Atek , Mujuni Dennis , Tugumisirize Didas , Kabugo Joel , Nyombi Abdunoor , Majwala Robert Kaos , Bagaya Bernard Ssentalo , Kalyesubula-Kibuuka Simeon , Ssengooba Willy , Nabadda Susan 
Published: May 2021

Introduction
Despite the limited evidence for its effectiveness, thermal screening at points of entry has increasingly become a standard protocol in numerous parts of the globe in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We sought to determine the effectiveness of thermal screening as a key step in diagnosing COVID-19 in a resource-limited setting.

Materials and methods
This was a retrospective cross-sectional study based on a review of body temperature and Xpert Xpress SARS CoV-2 test results records for truck drivers entering Uganda through Mutukula between 15th May and 30th July 2020. All records missing information for body temperature, age, gender, and Xpert Xpress SARS CoV-2 status were excluded from the data set. A data set of 7,181 entries was used to compare thermal screening and Xpert Xpress SARS CoV-2 assay test results using the diagnostic statistical test in STATAv15 software. The prevalence of COVID-19 amongst the truck drivers based on Xpert Xpress SARS CoV-2 assay results was determined. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive and negative Likelihood ratios were obtained using Xpert Xpress SARS CoV-2 assay as the gold standard.

Results
Based on our gold standard test, the proportion of persons that tested positive for COVID-19 was 6.7% (95% CI: 6.1–7.3). Of the 7,181 persons that were thermally screened, 6,844 (95.3%) were male. The sample median age was 38 years (interquartile range, IQR: 31–45 years). The median body temperature was 36.5°C (IQR: 36.3–36.7) and only n (1.2%) had a body temperature above 37.5°C. The sensitivity and specificity of thermal screening were 9.9% (95% CI: 7.4–13.0) and 99.5% (95% CI: 99.3–99.6) respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 57.8 (95% CI: 46.5–68.6) and 93.9 (95% CI: 93.3–94.4) respectively. The positive and negative Likelihood Ratios (LRs) were 19 (95% CI: 12.4–29.1) and 0.9 (95% CI: 0.88–0.93) respectively.

Conclusion
In this study population, the use of Thermal screening alone is ineffective in the detection of potential COVID-19 cases at point of entry. We recommend a combination of screening tests or additional testing using highly sensitive molecular diagnostics such as Polymerase Chain Reaction.
Validating controlled attenuation parameter in the assessment of hepatic steatosis in living liver donors
Authors: Broering Dieter , Shawkat Mohamed , Albenmousa Ali , Abaalkhail Faisal , Alabbad Saleh , Al-Hamoudi Waleed , Alghamdi Saad , Alqahthani Saleh , Jaafari Ahmad , Troisi Roberto , Bzeizi Khalid 
Published: May 2021

Introduction
Hepatic steatosis (HS) negatively impacts transplant outcomes in living liver donors. To date, liver biopsy is preferred for HS evaluation. This study aims to evaluate the measurement of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) as a diagnostic tool of HS in living liver donors.

Methods
Candidates recruited to this study, conducted from April 2016 to February 2020, were potential donors who had undergone transient elastography using Fibroscan® and CAP measurements at liver segments VI and VII, followed by liver biopsy. The HS grades from liver biopsy were classified as S0 (<5%), S1 (5–33%), S2 (33–66%), and S3 (>66%). For CAP, they were S0 (≤218dB/m), S1 (218-249dB/m)), S2 (250-305dB/m)), and S3 (>305dB/m)). The CAP measurements were compared with the liver biopsy results.

Results
Of the 150 potential donors [male, 73.3%; mean age, 30.0±7.0 years; body mass index (BMI), 24.7±3.5kg/m2], 92 (61.3%) had no or mild HS, while 58 (38.7%) and 10% had moderate to severe HS based on CAP and liver biopsy, respectively. Subjects with moderate to severe HS per CAP were mostly males (0.014), and had higher BMI (p = .006), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (.001), gamma-glutamyl transferase (.026), and high-density lipoprotein (.008). On multivariate analysis, high ALT (OR, 1.051; 95% CI, 1.016–1.087; p = .004) was a predictor of significant HS. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of CAP to detect significant HS were 93.3%, 67.4, 24.1%, and 98.9%, respectively.

Conclusion
The high sensitivity and negative predictive values of CAP make it a good screening test to exclude significant HS in potential living liver donors which, in turn, can help avoid unnecessary liver biopsies.
Queerbaiting and Fandom: Teasing Fans through Homoerotic Possibilities, Joseph Brennan (ed.) (2019)
Authors: Alberto Maria 
Published: May 2021

Review of: Queerbaiting and Fandom: Teasing Fans through Homoerotic Possibilities, Joseph Brennan (ed.) (2019)
Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa Press, 296 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-60938-671-9, p/bk, AUD 70
Effect of Basalt Intraply Fiber Hybridization on the Compression Behavior of Filament Wound Composite Pipes
Authors: Özbek Ö. , Bozkurt Ö. Y. , Erkliğ A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The current study deals with the effect of basalt fiber hybridization on the compressive properties of composite pipes reinforced with glass fiber and carbon fiber. Hybrid and non-hybrid fiber reinforced pipes (FRPs) were fabricated through wet filament winding technique. Intraply fiber winding structure in which different fiber types were simultaneously wound at the layer was employed for the hybridization. The FRP samples wound by different fiber winding angles (± (40°), ± (55°), ± (70°)) were prepared in order to gain a better insight on the influence of basalt intraply fiber hybridization. The compression properties of FRP samples were experimentally determined by quasi-static compression tests using external parallel-plates for both the axial and radial directions. The non-hybrid carbon FRP pipes showed the maximum axial compression strength in parallel to the highest strength and lowest ductility of carbon fibers, while the minimum axial compression strength was obtained for the non-hybrid pipes reinforced with basalt fibers that, in comparison, exhibit much less strength and higher ductility. The pipes submitted to the axial compression tests predominantly failed due to the development of cracks and buckling along the fiber direction. While the inclusion of basalt fiber reduced the axial compression behavior of the non-hybrid carbon and glass FRP samples, it improved that behavior in the radial compression tests. Delamination was determined as the major failure mode for the damaged FRPs under radial compression. It is found that the incorporation of basalt fiber provides improvements in radial compression properties as opposed to axial compression properties and in the same manner the increment in fiber winding angle makes a positive contribution to radial compression properties.
Conductive and Edge Retaining Embedding Compounds: Influence of Graphite Content in Compounds on Specimen’s SEM and EBSD Performance
Authors: Rojacz H. , Premauer M. , Nevosad A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Since marginal sharpness is often an issue in metallographic samples preparation, various mounting compounds are commercially available which address these issues. Nevertheless, the conductivity of such products is not sufficient for electron backscatter diffraction measurements (EBSD) and products which are electrically conductive often result in a lack of marginal sharpness. Therefore, this study is focussed on the modification of commercially available embedding compounds (epoxy based and phenolic based hot embedding compounds) with graphite to increase their electrical conductivity. To verify the applicability of the modified embedding compounds, the austenitic steel grade 1.4301 was chosen for investigation via scanning electron microscopy and EBSD. Results indicate a good performance during SEM-investigations of the epoxy-based resins, even at 0 wt.-% graphite contents, whereas the phenolic resin-based embedding compound is only applicable for SEM-investigation > wt.-5 % of graphite. Best performance at EBSD measurements were achieved with phenolic resin based hot mounting compounds with glass fibres and an addition > 10 wt.-% graphite.
Atom Probe Tomography of the Oxide Layer of an Austenitic Stainless CrMnN-Steel
Authors: Monschein S. , Schnitzer R. , Fluch R. , Turk C. , Hofer C. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This work aimed at developing a methodology for examining the naturally grown passive layer of a thickness of just a few nanometers of an austenitic CrMnN steel by means of atom probe tomography and gaining knowledge on the structure of this alloy’s passive layer. The sample surface was ground, polished, cleaned, degreased, electrolytically polished, and oxidized in air to produce a reproducible passive layer. The oxide layer was subsequently coated with a silver layer of a thickness of 3 μm. The silver layer protects the oxide layer during the preparation of the atom probe tips in the focused ion beam microscope and the alignment of the tip in the atom probe. The samples were measured in the atom probe’s pulsed-voltage mode. The findings show that an enrichment of oxygen, molybdenum, nitrogen, and chromium and a depletion of manganese, nickel, and iron occur in the area of the passive layer.
Treatment with somatostatin analogues and PRRT in metastatic middle ear adenoma with neuroendocrine features
Authors: Lima Ferreira Joana , Marques Bernardo , Menke-van der Houven van Oordt C Willemien , de Herder Wouter W , Brabander Tessa , Hofland Johannes 
Published: May 2021

Summary
Middle ear adenomas with neuroendocrine features (ANEF) are rare, with an estimated 150 reported cases. They usually pursue an indolent clinical course. Four reported cases of middle ear ANEF with distant metastases were treated with surgery, external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and chemotherapy. To date, no successful systemic treatment for malignant behaviour of this rare tumour has been reported. Long-acting somatostatin analogues (SSAs) and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) have been used in well-differentiated metastatic neuroendocrine tumours (NETs), but their use has never been described in cases of metastatic middle ear ANEF. We report two patients with grade 1 middle ear ANEF treated with surgery and EBRT. They had stable disease for several years, until clinical symptoms appeared and extensive metastases were detected on 68Ga-DOTA0-Tyr3-octreotate (DOTATATE) PET/CT. Treatment with long-acting SSA was started, with stable disease for 1 year. Afterwards, despite undergoing local treatments, both patients presented progressive disease. Due to high-uptake metastases at 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT, both cases underwent four cycles of PRRT with 177Lu-DOTATATE, which secured disease control and improvement of quality of life in both. Similar to other well-differentiated NETs, SSA and PRRT could constitute efficacious therapeutic options in metastatic middle ear ANEF. Its neuroendocrine differentiation, potential to metastasize and somatostatin receptor type 2 expression prompt consideration and management of this disease as a neuroendocrine neoplasm.

Learning points

Our cases oppose the 2017 WHO classification of middle ear adenoma with neuroendocrine features as a benign disease.

This entity warrants long-term follow-up, as local recurrence or persistence of disease is reported in up to 18% of surgically treated patients.

PET/CT scan with 68Ga-labelled somatostatin analogues (SSA) can be used for staging of metastatic middle ear adenoma with neuroendocrine features.

Unlabelled SSA and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with radiolabelled SSA can be the first systemic therapeutic options for patients with advanced middle ear adenoma with neuroendocrine features.
Serial assessments of anterior pituitary hormones in a case of mixed histiocytosis representing Langerhans cell histiocytosis overlapping with Erdheim–Chester disease
Authors: Ito Kei , Ito Jun , Yamamoto Yuki , Nakajima Rikako , Fujii Masanao , Katakura Yukino , Muramatsu Aiko , Takayashiki Norio , Toyama Kazuhiro , Kurokawa Mineo , Yagyu Hiroaki 
Published: May 2021

Summary
A 61-year-old man developed central diabetes insipidus caused by mixed histiocytosis (MH) representing Langerhans cell histiocytosis overlapping with Erdheim–Chester disease. Bone, skin, vascular, and retroperitoneal involvements were also observed. Dynamic hormonal testing showed normal responses for anterior pituitary hormones, except for impaired secretion of growth hormone (GH). MRI of the brain showed thickening of the pituitary stalk with slightly reduced signal hyperintensity in the posterior pituitary lobe on T1-weighted imaging. During 2 years of follow-up without radical treatment for MH, imaging studies suggested extension of vascular and retroperitoneal involvements. In contrast, brain MRI did not show any particular interval changes, except for the disappearance of hyperintense signalling in the posterior pituitary lobe. Moreover, no other anterior pituitary dysfunctions beyond GH deficiency emerged during the 2 years of follow-up. The natural history of MH in this case is described, focusing on serial assessments of pituitary functions using dynamic tests.

Learning points

Erdheim–Chester disease and Langerhans cell histiocytosis overlapping as MH was described, focusing on pituitary functions.

MH caused both GH deficiency and central diabetes insipidus.

Despite a lack of radical therapy for MH, no other anterior pituitary dysfunctions emerged for 2 years.

Radiological images showed no particular interval changes in pituitary stalk lesions, while vascular and retroperitoneal involvements extended.
Coverage effect on hardening of arrow cane (Gynerium sagitatum Aubl.) micropropagated plants
Authors: Suarez Padron Isidro Elias , Pico Vellojin Diego , Lopez Diaz Claudia Marcela 
Published: May 2021

To evaluate the effect of plastic film coverage on ex vitro acclimatization of arrow cane (Gynerium sagitatum Aubl.), shoots of “Criolla”, Martinera” and “Costera” cultivars were in vitro micropropagated in a medium supplied with 6-Benzylaminopurine and half of them were rooted in a medium with 1-Naphtalene acetic acid. Rooted and unrooted shoots were transplanted in a shade house with fog irrigation, into plastic trays (72 clusters per tray), using peat as substrate and half of them was covered with translucent plastic film during 5 days after transplant while the other half was maintained uncovered. The experiment consisted of a three-way factorial arrangement with 12 treatments distributed with a split-plot design where tray coverage was the main plot, cultivars were the split, and rooting condition was the split-plot. Each treatment (36 clusters) was repeated three times for a total of 1296 experimental units. After 40 days in the shade house, the survival rate was calculated, and plant heigth, number of shoots and number of roots data were analyzed by ANOVA (P<0.05) and means were separated by Tukey test (P<0.05). Plant survival was complete (100%) regardless of genotype, rooting, or coverage condition. Transferring plant into uncovered trays statistically resulted in higher levels for plant height, number of shoots, and number of roots. Ex vitro adaptation of micropropagated arrow cane plants without plastic film covers increased plant growth and reduced labor.
Epilepsy during the COVID‐19 pandemic lockdown: a US population survey
Authors: Casassa Charles , Moss Robert , Goldenholz Daniel M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjective. This study sought to understand issues facing people with epilepsy (PWE) during the lockdown period of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United States.Methods. We conducted a cross‐sectional study using a 20‐question survey that used SeziureTracker.com, sent to eligible PWE and their caregivers on May 6th, 2020. Questions about demographics and medical history were used to calculate COVID mortality risk odds ratios (OR) compared to a low baseline risk group.Results. In total, 505 responses were collected. Of these, 71% reported no change in seizure rates and 25% reported an increase in seizures, which they attributed primarily to disrupted sleep (63%) and decreased exercise (42%). Mortality risks from COVID‐19 had median OR of 1.67, ranging 1.00‐906.98. Fear about hospitalization (53%) and concern for loved ones (52%) were prominent concerns. Of the respondents, 5% reported stopping or reducing anti‐seizure medications due to problems communicating with doctors, access or cost. Lower‐risk COVID patients reported more fear of hospitalization (55% versus 38%, p<0.001) and anxiety about medication access (43% versus 28%, p=0.03) compared with higher‐risk COVID patients. Increased anxiety was reported in 47%, and increased depression in 28%. Ten percent without generalized convulsions and 8% with did not know anything about epilepsy devices (VNS, RNS, DBS).Significance. The COVID‐19 pandemic presents unique challenges to PWE, including increased seizure rates, problems with access and cost of life‐saving medications. Those with lower COVID‐19 risk may have been marginalized more than those with higher risk. Efforts to protect PWE during major public health emergencies should take these findings into account.
Cognitive and behavioural development in children presenting with complex febrile seizures: at onset and school age
Authors: Sheppard Emilie , Lalancette Eve , Thébault‐Dagher Fanny , Lafontaine Marc‐Philippe , Knoth Inga Sophia , Gravel Jocelyn , Lippé Sarah 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjective. Our goal was to assess development, cognition and behaviour following an initial complex febrile seizure (FS), at onset and school age, in the context of known risk factors for cognitive development.Methods. Two cohorts were recruited. Thirty‐five infants with an initial complex FS were assessed within the first year post‐seizure and compared to 30 controls (simple FS) based on measures of cognitive, motor and language development, behaviour and emotions. Additionally, 19 school‐age children with previous complex FS (11 multiple, eight prolonged) were assessed and compared to 19 controls (simple FS) based on measures of intelligence, learning/memory, executive functioning, behaviour and emotions.Results. Within the first year post‐onset, infants with complex FS did not significantly differ from controls based on developmental measures. Seizure duration and age at seizure onset did not impact developmental outcome. School‐age children with complex FS showed unaltered global intelligence, but lower executive functioning, compared to controls. Children with prolonged FS also showed evidence of a lower level of learning and memory abilities. Neuropsychological scores correlated with seizure duration. Children with complex FS showed more attentional problems and anxious/depressed symptomatology at onset and school age, and more hyperactivity at school age.Significance. Infants with complex FS seemed to show normal development within the first year post‐seizure onset. However, challenges in executive functioning, learning and memory at school age were found in children with a history of FS. Hence, at school age, cognitive challenges cannot be excluded based on undifferentiated early cognitive development, and may occur even in the absence of the most severe form of FS (i.e., FSE). Beyond the limits of this study (i.e., small sample size, use of parental questionnaires for emotional/behavioural outcome, absence of focal cases in the school‐age cohort), our results suggest that a follow‐up is necessary beyond the early preschool years in order to understand the long‐term outcome.
Unmasking the entity of ‘drug‐resistant’ perioral myoclonia with absences: the twitches, darts and domes!
Authors: Rudrabhatla Pavan Kumar , ER Sunesh , Radhakrishnan Ashalatha , Menon Ramshekhar N. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjective. Perioral myoclonia with absences (POMA) is not recognized as a unique electro‐clinical syndrome and studies suggest its inclusion under the genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) spectrum. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence and electro‐clinical homogeneity of this disorder in an epilepsy monitoring unit.Methods. Between 2013 and 2019, among drug‐resistant epilepsy patients who were referred for video‐telemetry, those diagnosed with POMA based on the presence of documented absences with prominently observed peri‐oral muscular contractions accompanied by generalized EEG features were included.Results. Among 62 patients who were diagnosed with absence epilepsy, five finally met the criteria for POMA (8.1%) with late childhood or adolescent onset of epilepsy. Four (80%) had a referral diagnosis of focal epilepsy based on historical focal features with exacerbation of seizures on oxcarbazepine. All five patients demonstrated brief absences with orbicularis oris muscle contractions accompanied by subtle focal phenomenology. One patient had concurrent axial‐appendicular myoclonic jerks precipitated by hyperventilation. While four patients had strikingly identical interictal and ictal characteristics of typical absence epilepsy, one patient demonstrated additional atypical generalized polyspike discharges without a “dart‐dome” morphology. Therapeutic response to introduction of sodium valproate was noted in all five patients. Features that were not consistent with the diagnosis were apparent in one patient who was re‐classified with combined focal and generalized epilepsy. Differentiating aspects in this patient included multifocal discharges, background slowing, fast‐recruiting ictal rhythms and valproate resistance.Significance. This is one of the largest case series of POMA. This entity, which falls under the spectrum of GGE, remains under‐diagnosed and its distinctive electro‐clinical features need to be recorded in order to prevent misclassification as focal epilepsy of probable opercular origin. Background‐slowing, atypical ictal rhythms and valproate unresponsiveness are not consistent with the diagnosis of this unique absence epilepsy. [Published with video sequences].