bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immediate implant-retained prosthetic obturation after maxillectomy based on zygomatic implant placement by 3D-guided surgery: a cadaver study
Authors: Vosselman N. , Glas H. H. , de Visscher S. A. H. J. , Kraeima J. , Merema B. J. , Reintsema H. , Raghoebar G. M. , Witjes M. J. H. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to introduce a complete 3D workflow for immediate implant retained prosthetic rehabilitation following maxillectomy in cancer surgery. The workflow consists of a 3D virtual surgical planning for tumor resection, zygomatic implant placement, and for an implant-retained prosthetic-obturator to fit the planned outcome situation for immediate loading.

Materials and methods
In this study, 3D virtual surgical planning and resection of the maxilla, followed by guided placement of 10 zygomatic implants, using custom cutting and drill/placement-guides, was performed on 5 fresh frozen human cadavers. A preoperatively digitally designed and printed obturator prosthesis was placed and connected to the zygomatic implants. The accuracy of the implant positioning was obtained using 3D deviation analysis by merging the pre- and post-operative CT scan datasets.

Results
The preoperatively designed and manufactured obturator prostheses matched accurately the per-operative implant positions. All five obturators could be placed and fixated for immediate loading. The mean prosthetic point deviation on the cadavers was 1.03 ± 0.85 mm; the mean entry point deviation was 1.20 ± 0.62 mm; and the 3D angle deviation was 2.97 ± 1.44°.

Conclusions
It is possible to 3D plan and accurately execute the ablative surgery, placement of zygomatic implants, and immediate placement of an implant-retained obturator prosthesis with 3D virtual surgical planning.The next step is to apply the workflow in the operating room in patients planned for maxillectomy.
Method comparison of Particle Enhanced Immunoturbidimetry (PEIT) with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) analysis
Authors: Dildar Shabnam , Imran Sheharbano , Naz Farah 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background and objective
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technique is considered as a gold standard for HbA1c analysis however all laboratories cannot adopt it due to certain limitations. Our aim was to compare Particle Enhanced Immunoturbidimetry (PEIT) method with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for HbA1c analysis.

Method
All blood samples were analyzed by HPLC assay on a Bio-Rad D-10 analyzer and PEIT on an Erba XL-200 analyzer. Precision studies were undertaken and Coefficient of Variation (%CV) calculated. Systemic Error (SE), Random Error (RE) and Total Error (TEcalc) were obtained. The Total Allowable Error (TEa) set by the National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program (NGSP) for HbA1c is 6%.The acceptable evaluation method is where TEcalc is less than TEa.

Results
The Precision studies were satisfactory with Coefficient of Variation (%CV) being less than 4% for both techniques. Mean HbA1c levels were slightly higher from HPLC than PEIT 9.07 ± 2.23% and 8.93 ± 2.10% respectively, although the difference was minimal. RE was 1.41%, TEcalc was 1.55%, which was less than TEa set by the NGSP. Both methods strongly correlated with the correlation coefficient (r) 0.9716, p < 0.0001.

Conclusion
Our study showed HbA1c analysis by PEIT technique is precise, accurate, rapid and convenient and can be employed as an alternative to HPLC technique in countries where cost is a major problem for diagnosis and treatment.
Quantum dash multi-wavelength lasers for Tbit/s coherent communications and 5G wireless networks
Authors: Lu Zhenguo , Liu Jiaren , Mao Youxin , Zeb Khan , Liu Guocheng , Poole Philip J. , Weber John , Rahim Mohamed , Pakulski Grzegorz , Song Chunying , Vachon Martin , Barrios Pedro , Poitras Daniel , Wang Shurui , Jiang Weihong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe report on the design, growth, fabrication, and performance of InAs/InP quantum dash (QD) multi-wavelength lasers (MWLs) developed by the National Research Council (NRC) Canada. The key technical specifications investigated include optical and RF beating spectra, relative intensity noise (RIN), and optical phase noise of each individual wavelength channel. Data bandwidth transmission capacity of 5.376 Tbit/s and 10.8 Tbit/s respectively in the PAM-4 and 16-QAM modulation formats are demonstrated using only a single C-band QD 34.2-GHz MWL chip. We have also developed a monolithic InAs/InP QD dual-wavelength (DW) DFB laser as a compact optical beat source to generate millimeter-wave (MMW) signals. Due to the common cavity, highly coherent and correlated optical modes with optical linewidth as low as 15.83 kHz, spectrally pure MMW signals around 46.8 GHz with a linewidth down to 26.1 kHz were experimentally demonstrated. By using this QD DW-DFB laser, a one GBaud (2 Gbps) MMW over-fiber transmission link is demonstrated with PAM-4 signals. The results show that the demonstrated device is suitable for high speed high capacity MMW fiber-wireless integrated fronthaul of 5G networks.
Intravenous thrombolysis outcome in posterior vs anterior circulation stroke in a tertiary stroke center in Egypt
Authors: Taha Nourhan Abdelmohsen , El Khawas Hala , Tork Mohamed Amir , Roushdy Tamer M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) with alteplase is the first-line therapy for acute ischemic anterior and posterior circulation strokes (ACS and PCS).
Knowledge about safety and efficacy of IVT in posterior circulation stroke is deficient as most of the Egyptian studies either assessed IVT outcome in comparison to conservative therapy or its outcome in anterior circulation stroke only.
Therefore, our aim was to compare the relative frequency and outcome after intravenous thrombolysis in anterior versus posterior circulation stroke patients presenting to stroke centers of Ain Shams University hospitals (ASUH).

Results
A total of 238 anterior circulation stroke and 61 posterior circulation strokes were enrolled, onset-to-door and door-to-needle time were statistically insignificant.
NIHSS showed comparable difference at all time points despite higher scores along anterior circulation stroke; 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) showed significant improvement in both groups from mRS >2 to ≤2 with a better percentage along posterior circulation stroke patients.
There was insignificant difference for either incidence of death or intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) between the two groups.

Conclusion
IVT significantly reduced NIHSS for both anterior and posterior circulation stroke along different studied time points. Meanwhile, a higher percentage of patients with posterior circulation stroke had a better mRS outcome at 90 days.
Mineralogical and geochemical studies on soils and Nile bottom sediments of Luxor–Aswan area, South Egypt
Authors: Abou El-Anwar Esmat A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The geochemical studies on the rare earth elements to demonstrate sources of the toxic metals for soils and Nile sediments for Aswan area are seldom.

Results
Minerallogically, the studied soil agriculture samples consist mainly of quartz (42%), clay minerals (33%), plagioclase (20%) and magnesin-calcite (5%). Clay minerals are composed of montmorillonite as bentonite. The studied Nile sediments consist mainly of quartz (75%), clay minerals (15%), plagioclase (5%) and calcite (5%). Clay minerals are composed of calcian-montmorillonite (10%) and Kaolinite (5%). Geochemically, the chemical analytical techniques of the environment-sensitive elements, including Pb, Cd, As, Ni, Co, Cu, Cr, Zn, U and Th, have been performed for agricultural soils and sediments of Aswan–Luxor District to assess the geochemical characteristics of these elements and their impact on soil environmental and plant, as well as their provenance.

Conclusions
Average content of Cd was about 1.5-fold for the studied Nile sediments and slightly higher soil agriculture than (MPL). Pb and Cr average contents twofold of (MPL) for Nile sediments and Cr average of soil is represented 2.5-fold of (MPL). The average content of As, Cu, Co, Ni and U in both Nile sediments and cultivated soil in the studied area is lower than the maximum permissible limit (MPL). Average content of Pb, Zn and Cr was about 2, 2- and 2.5-fold, respectively, according to USPHS for the Nile sediments and threefold of Cr for the agriculture soils. The agricultural soil of Luxor–Aswan district is characteristic highly enrichment of As, Co, Zn, Cu, Ni, Mn, U and Th than those of the Nile sediments. In addition, the Nile sediments have high concentration average of Cr, Zn, Mn and Pb and low contamination of the other elements. The sources of the toxic metals in the studied area may probably be natural or anthropogenic. The anthropogenic source is resulting from paper, Ferrosilicon factories and Phosphate mines at Edfu, as well as Sand quarry, Shale mine and the Nitrogen Fertilizer factory at Aswan. In addition, natural sources such as waste of the drains floods.
Complementary feeding pattern and its impact on growth and development of under 2-years infants in upper Egypt
Authors: El-Asheer Osama M. , Darwish Manal M. , Abdullah Ahmed M. , Mohamad Hanaa A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundExclusive BF till the age of 6 months is rare in developing countries and complimentary feeding (CF) are introduced at an early age which is linked to the development of chronic conditions such as childhood obesity, celiac disease, diabetes, and eczema. The aim of our work is to assess complementary feeding practices of infants under the age of 2 years and to study their impact on their growth and development. This study is a cross-sectional study that was carried out over 3 years between March 2016 and March 2019, included 1000 apparently healthy infants aged less than 2 years old who attended University Children Hospital, Egypt. Practices among mothers including timing and types of foods introduced. Semi-structured questionnaire used for data collection and anthropometric measurements analyzed following the WHO Growth Charts.ResultsThe study found that about 80% of infants were introduced to solid foods before 4 months of age. Also, a large number of infants were given liquids other than breast milk before completing their fourth month of age.ConclusionDespite the better mental development of the infants, there is a considerable gap between WHO Guiding Principles for Complementary Feeding and the practices among mothers of infants aged less than 2 years in Egypt.
Foreign direct investment and poverty reduction in sub-Saharan Africa: does environmental degradation matter?
Authors: Dada James Temitope , Akinlo Taiwo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the threshold effect of environmental degradation on the FDI-poverty nexus in sub-Saharan Africa for the period 1986–2018. The study used panel threshold regression for the empirical analysis. The evidence from threshold regression using different measures of poverty and environmental degradation shows that the poverty reduction effect of FDI is not eroded by environmental degradation. The study found overwhelming evidence that at the higher level of environmental degradation, FDI contributes significantly to poverty reduction except when Household final consumption is used to proxy poverty and FDI produces an insignificant effect on poverty reduction at the higher level of methane emissions and nitrous oxide emission. Based on this finding, any attempts to reduce environmental degradation by reducing the inflow of FDI will worsen poverty rates in the region.
A High-throughput Approach to Identify Effective Systemic Agents for the Treatment of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Henderson Ying C , Mohamed Abdallah S R , Maniakas Anastasios , Chen Yunyun , Powell Reid T , Peng Shaohua , Cardenas Maria , Williams Michelle D , Bell Diana , Zafereo Mark E , Wang Rui Jennifer , Scherer Steve E , Wheeler David A , Cabanillas Maria E , Hofmann Marie-Claude , Johnson Faye M , Stephan Clifford C , Sandulache Vlad , Lai Stephen Y 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite the use of aggressive multimodality treatment, most anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) patients die within a year of diagnosis. Although the combination of BRAF and MEK inhibitors has recently been approved for use in BRAF-mutated ATC, they remain effective in a minority of patients who are likely to develop drug resistance. There remains a critical clinical need for effective systemic agents for ATC with a reasonable toxicity profile to allow for rapid translational development.Material and MethodsTwelve human thyroid cancer cell lines with comprehensive genomic characterization were used in a high-throughput screening (HTS) of 257 compounds to select agents with maximal growth inhibition. Cell proliferation, colony formation, orthotopic thyroid models, and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models were used to validate the selected agents.ResultsSeventeen compounds were effective, and docetaxel, LBH-589, and pralatrexate were selected for additional in vitro and in vivo analysis as they have been previously approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for other cancers. Significant tumor growth inhibition (TGI) was detected in all tested models treated with LBH-589; pralatrexate demonstrated significant TGI in the orthotopic papillary thyroid carcinoma model and 2 PDX models; and docetaxel demonstrated significant TGI only in the context of mutant TP53.ConclusionsHTS identified classes of systemic agents that demonstrate preferential effectiveness against aggressive thyroid cancers, particularly those with mutant TP53. Preclinical validation in both orthotopic and PDX models, which are accurate in vivo models mimicking tumor microenvironment, may support initiation of early-phase clinical trials in non-BRAF mutated or refractory to BRAF/MEK inhibition ATC.
Treatment options for soft tissue defects in severe foot trauma in children
Authors: Klein Céline , Marie-Christine Plancq , Deroussen François , Haraux Elodie , Gouron Richard 
Published: June 2021

Objective: Severe foot trauma in children is a therapeutic challenge, with presence of devitalised and soiled distal tissues. Several reconstruction and covering procedures can be applied, including artificial dermis (AD), negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT), fasciocutaneous flaps and free flaps. Here, we have developed and evaluated an algorithm for treating severe foot injuries with skin defects in children Method: Paediatric cases of severe foot injury treated over a 16-year period were retrospectively reviewed. Characteristics of the injuries, surgical procedures, complications and the modified Kitaoka score (clinical and functional rating score of the ankle and foot) were recorded. Results: A total of 18 children were included. The mean age at the time of injury was four years and 10 months (range: 1–11 years). The mean follow-up period was 6.2 years. Of the children, 13 presented with an amputation (12 partial foot amputations and one whole ankle and foot). The skin defect was combined with tendon exposure in nine cases, and/or bone and cartilage in seven cases, and heel damage in two cases. A flap was implemented in eight cases, of which one failed. NPWT was used in 13 patients (for an average of 21 days) and was combined with AD in six patients. The mean modified Kitaoka score was 68 (range: 55–80). Additional surgery during the follow-up period was required in seven patients (dorsal skin retraction, a thick flap, osteoma, trophic ulcer or ankle deviation). Conclusion: Our algorithm suggests different therapeutic strategies for skin coverage and healing, depending on the size of the lesion and the exposed structures, and seems to offer good results. These procedures should be combined with NPWT to optimise these results (improved healing, reduced infections, decreased skin defects and enhanced granulation tissue) and so should be used more frequently.
Using past performance to improve future clinical outcomes in pressure ulcer prevention
Authors: Stephenson John , Ousey Karen , Blackburn Joanna , Javid Farideh 
Published: June 2021

Objective: Episodes of inpatient care-related pressure ulcers (PU) lead to deleterious effects on patient quality of life, and additional costs associated with wound dressings, staff visits and hospitalisation. Accurate prediction of future incidence may be helpful in defining strategies for benchmarking and resource management. Observations of category 2 or above PUs during episodes of care at an NHS Foundation Trust were recorded monthly from 2010 to 2020. Trust-specific interventions designed to reduce PU incidence, such as procurement of specialised staff and equipment, were also recorded. This study aimed to investigate the historical pattern of PU incidence in the Trust to assess intervention effectiveness in reducing PU incidence, and to use historical data to derive estimates of future incidence. Method: Time-series analysis was conducted on monthly PU incidence data to quantify underlying trends, seasonality and effect of interventions, and to derive a suitable model to predict future incidence levels. Results: Mean monthly PU incidence gradually reduced from 20.3 during 2012 to 5.08 during 2019; with a negative linear trend in the presence of concurrent seasonal effects. There was limited evidence that implementation of specific interventions was associated with raised rates of reduction; however, incidence reductions during intervention periods continued from lower baselines. Best estimate predictions revealed that incidence is likely to stay at current levels or below for the foreseeable future. Conclusion: Past data can be used to model future episodes of inpatient care PU occurrence. Interventions may be effective in reducing PU incidence rates.
Debriding effect of amino acid-buffered hypochlorite on hard-to-heal wounds covered by devitalised tissue: pilot study
Authors: Eliasson Björn , Ann-Mari Fagerdahl , Jönsson Anders , Apelqvist Jan 
Published: June 2021

Objective: Wounds such as lower extremity ulcers are serious, costly and frequently hard to heal. Guidelines conclude that new dressings and treatments generally fail to show superiority compared with standard of care. Several mechanisms are probably responsible for impaired healing of hard-to-heal wounds, including inflammation and infection. Amino acid-buffered hypochlorite has presumed antiseptic and antibacterial properties and has been shown to be useful in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). We evaluated the debriding effect of amino acid-buffered hypochlorite (ChloraSolv) on full skin hard-to-heal lower extremity ulcers covered with devitalised tissue (≥50%), with six applications over 5 weeks and follow-up at 12 weeks. Method: This was an open-label, single-arm, multicentre, pre-market pilot investigation. We recruited subjects with a lower extremity ulcer, covered with devitalised tissue (≥50%), who were candidates for cleansing and debridement/desloughing. There was a weekly application of the investigational device for five weeks. Follow-up for wound status evaluation was performed at 12 weeks from baseline. Results: We evaluated 57 subjects (33 males, 24 females, median age 73 years, range 51–90 years) (intention-to-treat). Of these, 61.4% had a leg ulcer and 38.6% a foot ulcer. The median wound size at baseline was 7.7cm2 (range 2.1–52cm2) with devitalised tissue coverage of 76.5%. After 5 weeks, a decrease of 72.7% in devitalised tissue was seen, and 71.4% of the subjects showed a decrease in devitalised tissue of ≥50% (evaluated independently using PictZar). At 12 weeks' follow-up the decrease in devitalised tissue was 84.4%. Wound-related pain was reported by ten subjects, resulting in 17 adverse events (AEs). Among these, 12 AEs from eight subjects were recorded as possibly or probably related to the investigational device and one AE was reported to have a causal relationship with the investigational device. Conclusion: This clinical study suggests that amino acid-buffered hypochlorite can be effective and well tolerated in the treatment of hard-to-heal lower extremity ulcers to dissolve and remove devitalised tissue.
Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: a 10-year experience in a burns unit
Authors: Houschyar Khosrow S , Tapking Christian , Borrelli Mimi R , Nietzschmann Ina , Puladi Behrus , Ooms Mark , Rein Susanne , Houschyar Madeline , Duscher Dominik , Maan Zeshaan N , Reumuth Georg , Branski Ludwik K , Modabber Ali , Kluwig David , Schmitt Laurenz , Philipp-Dormston Wolfgang G , Yazdi Amir S , Siemers Frank 
Published: June 2021

Objective:Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and its more severe counterpart, toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), are skin hypersensitivity reactions defined by epidermal blistering and necrosis. The exact pathophysiology of SJS/TEN is yet to be deciphered, but a number of risk factors have been identified including adverse drug reactions. The diagnosis of SJS/TEN is made on a clinical basis, and treatment consists of supportive care and occasionally immunosuppressants, such as cyclosporin, high-dose intravenous immunoglobulins and/or corticosteroids. Mortality rates can reach 20–25% in adults but are reduced with early intervention. To identify optimal treatment regimens, to better understand the patient cohort affected, and to help identify key risk factors for mortality, we report our experience with the treatment and management of SJS/TEN patients.Methods:A retrospective review of consecutive patients with SJS and/or TEN admitted to a single burns centre in Germany, between 2008 and 2018, was conducted. The primary outcomes of demographics, clinical course, treatment and patient-reported outcomes were recorded and compared with a control group of patients with burns without a diagnosis of SJS/TEN.Results:A total of 23 patients with SJS/TEN met the inclusion criteria: 17 (74%) with TEN; four (17%) with SJS/TEN overlap; and two (9%) with SJS. Of the patients, 14 (61%) were female and nine (39%) were male. Patient age ranged from 32–78 years (mean: 52 years). A matched cohort of 23 patients with burns served as the control group. All patients received standard of care with a multidisciplinary team. Compared with the control group, SJS/TEN patients had higher mortality rates (n=6, 26% versus n=8, 35%, respectively). The average age of death was 69 years in SJS/TEN patients versus 63 years in control group patients. Age and SCORTEN scores were significant predictors of mortality.Conclusions:SJS and TEN are rare but extreme reactions of the skin and mucosa, associated with high disease mortality rates. This 10-year single-centre retrospective review contributes to the bank of information for reviews evaluating the management of SJS/TEN patients.