bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of fatigue among Chinese nursing students in post-COVID-19 era
Authors: Liu Shou , Xi Hai-Tao , Zhu Qian-Qian , Ji Mengmeng , Zhang Hongyan , Yang Bing-Xiang , Bai Wei , Cai Hong , Zhao Yan-Jie , Chen Li , Ge Zong-Mei , Wang Zhiwen , Han Lin , Chen Pan , Liu Shuo , Cheung Teris , Hall Brian J. , An Feng-Rong , Xiang Yu-Tao 
Published: April 2021

Background
Due to the COVID-19 outbreak, all teaching activities in nursing schools were suspended in China, and many nursing students were summoned to work in hospitals to compensate for the shortage of manpower. This study examined the prevalence of fatigue and its association with quality of life (QOL) among nursing students during the post-COVID-19 era in China.

Methods
This was a multicenter, cross-sectional study. Nursing students in five Chinese universities were invited to participate. Fatigue, depressive and anxiety symptoms, pain and QOL were measured using standardized instruments.

Results
A total of 1,070 nursing students participated. The prevalence of fatigue was 67.3% (95% CI [64.4–70.0]). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that male gender (P = 0.003, OR = 1.73, 95% CI [1.20–2.49]), and being a senior nursing student (second year: OR = 2.20, 95% CI [1.46–3.33], P < 0.001; third year: OR = 3.53, 95% CI [2.31–5.41], P < 0.001; and fourth year OR = 3.59, 95% CI [2.39–5.40], P < 0.001) were significantly associated with more severe fatigue. In addition, moderate economic loss during the COVID-19 pandemic (OR = 1.48, 95% CI [1.08–3.33], P < 0.015; compared to low loss), participants with more severe depressive (OR = 1.48, 95% CI [1.22–1.78], P < 0.001) and anxiety symptoms (OR = 1.12, 95% CI [1.05–1.20], P = 0.001), and more severe pain (OR = 1.67, 95%CI [1.46–1.91], P < 0.001) were significantly associated with reported more severe fatigue. After controlling for covariates, nursing students with fatigue had a lower overall QOL score compared to those without (F(1, 1070) = 31.4, P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Fatigue was common among nursing students in the post-COVID-19 era. Considering the negative impact of fatigue on QOL and daily functioning, routine physical and mental health screening should be conducted for nursing students. Effective stress-reduction measures should be enforced to assist this subpopulation to combat fatigue and restore optimal health.
Motor expertise and performance in sport-specific priming tasks: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jiang Ruichen , Xie Fei , Li Anmin 
Published: April 2021

Objective
The present study aimed to summarize findings relevant to the influence of motor expertise on performance in sport-specific priming tasks and to examine potential moderators of this effect.

Methodology
Data were collected from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), PsychInfo, Medline, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Baidu Scholar and Sport Discus and Dissertation Abstracts Online databases from January 1999 to April 2020, supplemented by manual bibliographies and meeting minutes. Stata software was used to perform the meta-analysis. Study quality was evaluated systematically using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). Standard mean differences (SMDs) with 95% CIs were calculated with a random-effects model. The Cochrane Q test and I2 statistic were used to evaluate heterogeneity. Begg funnel plots and Egger tests were conducted to assess publication bias.

Results
Nine articles (including 12 studies) were ultimately included in the meta-analysis. Significant heterogeneity was observed among these studies (Q = 44.42, P < 0.001, I2 = 75.2%) according to random-effects modeling. The results showed an overall advantage in favor of motor experts in sport-specific priming tasks (SMD = −1.01, 95% CI [−1.41 to −0.61]). However, the magnitude of that effect was moderated by sport type (interceptive sports/independent sports) and prime stimulus type (subliminal stimulus/supraliminal stimulus). No publication bias was detected by the Begg and Egger tests.

Conclusions
In general, compared with those of nonexperts, the responses of motor experts’ responses to a target stimulus are easier and faster when the prime and target stimuli are consistent. However, the magnitude of this effect is moderated by sport type and prime stimulus type.
RuV‐Acylimido Intermediate in [RuIV(Por)Cl2]‐Catalyzed C–N Bond Formation: Spectroscopic Characterization, Reactivity, and Catalytic Reactions
Authors: Hong Dan‐Yan , Liu Yungen , Wu Liangliang , Lo Vanessa Kar‐Yan , Toy Patrick H. , Law Siu‐Man , Huang Jie‐Sheng , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMetal‐catalyzed C−N bond formation reactions via acylnitrene transfer have recently attracted much attention, but direct detection of the proposed acylnitrenoid/acylimido M(NCOR) (R=aryl or alkyl) species in these reactions poses a formidable challenge. Herein, we report on Ru(NCOR) intermediates in C−N bond formation catalyzed by [RuIV(Por)Cl2]/N3COR, a catalytic method applicable to aziridine/oxazoline formation from alkenes, amination of substituted indoles, α‐amino ketone formation from silyl enol ethers, amination of C(sp3)−H bonds, and functionalization of natural products and carbohydrate derivatives (up to 99 % yield). Experimental studies, including HR‐ESI‐MS and EPR measurements, coupled with DFT calculations, lend evidence for the formulation of the Ru(NCOR) acylnitrenoids as a RuV‐imido species.
Multidimensional Characterization of Single‐Molecule Dynamics in a Plasmonic Nanocavity
Authors: Domulevicz Lucas , Jeong Hyunhak , Paul Nayan K. , Gomez‐Diaz Juan Sebastian , Hihath Joshua 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNanoscale manipulation and characterization of individual molecules is necessary to understand the intricacies of molecular structure, which governs phenomena such as reaction mechanisms, catalysis, local effective temperatures, surface interactions, and charge transport. Here we utilize Raman enhancement between two nanostructured electrodes in combination with direct charge transport measurements to allow for simultaneous characterization of the electrical, optical, and mechanical properties of a single molecule. This multi‐dimensional information yields repeatable, self‐consistent, verification of single‐molecule resolution, and allows for detailed analysis of structural and configurational changes of the molecule in situ. These experimental results are supported by a machine‐learning based statistical analysis of the spectral information and calculations to provide insight into the correlation between structural changes in a single‐molecule and its charge‐transport properties.
Synthesis and Characterization of 16π Antiaromatic 2,7‐Dihydrodiazapyrenes: Antiaromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons with Embedded Nitrogen
Authors: Nakazato Takumi , Takekoshi Haruka , Sakurai Takahiro , Shinokubo Hiroshi , Miyake Yoshihiro 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe describe the two‐electron reduction of N,N′‐dimethyl‐2,7‐diazapyrenium dications (MDAP2+), which afforded the corresponding reduced form (MDAP0) as a highly electron‐rich 16π antiaromatic system. A single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis of MDAP0 revealed a distorted quinoidal structure with high bond‐length alternation. The 1H NMR spectrum of MDAP0 exhibited a diagnostic proton signal (4.6 ppm) that is distinctly upfield shifted compared to that of aromatic diazapyrene (8.3 ppm). Theoretical calculations supported the existence of a paratropic ring current. These results indicate that MDAP0 exhibits antiaromatic character derived from its peripheral 16π‐electron conjugation.
Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of Aliphatic Fluorides via Reductive C(sp3)−C(sp3) Cross‐Coupling Fluoroalkylation
Authors: Sheng Jie , Ni Hui‐Qi , Ni Shan‐Xiu , He Yan , Cui Ru , Liao Guang‐Xu , Bian Kang‐Jie , Wu Bing‐Bing , Wang Xi‐Sheng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMonofluorinated alkyl compounds are of great importance in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and materials. Herein, we describe a direct nickel‐catalyzed monofluoromethylation of unactivated alkyl halides using a low‐cost industrial raw material, bromofluoromethane, by demonstrating a general and efficient reductive cross‐coupling of two alkyl halides. Results with 1‐bromo‐1‐fluoroalkane also demonstrate the viability of monofluoroalkylation, which further established the first example of reductive C(sp3)‐C(sp3) cross‐coupling fluoroalkylation. These transformations demonstrate high efficiency, mild conditions, and excellent functional‐group compatibility, especially for a range of pharmaceuticals and biologically active compounds. Mechanistic studies support a radical pathway. Kinetic studies reveal that the reaction is first‐order dependent on catalyst and alkyl bromide whereas the generation of monofluoroalkyl radical is not involved in the rate‐determining step. This strategy provides a general and efficient method for the synthesis of aliphatic fluorides.
Molecularly Compensated Pre‐Metallation Strategy for Metal‐Ion Batteries and Capacitors
Authors: Zou Kangyu , Song Zirui , Gao Xu , Liu Huanqing , Luo Zheng , Chen Jun , Deng Xinglan , Chen Libao , Zou Guoqiang , Hou Hongshuai , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe use of a sacrificial cathode additive as a pre‐metallation method could ensure adequate metal sources for advanced energy storage devices. However, this pre‐metallation technique suffers from the precise regulation of decomposition potential of additive. Herein, a molecularly compensated pre‐metallation (Li/Na/K) strategy has been achieved through Kolbe electrolysis, in which the electrochemical oxidation potential of a metal carboxylate is manipulated by the bonding energy of the oxygen–metal (O–M) moiety. The electron‐donating effect of the substituent and the low charge density of the cation can dramatically weaken the O–M bond strength, further bringing out the reduced potential. Thus, sodium acetate exhibits a superior pre‐sodiation feature for sodium‐ion battery accompanied with a large irreversible specific capacity of 301.8 mAh g−1, remarkably delivering 70.6 % enhanced capacity retention in comparison to the additive‐free system after 100 cycles. This methodology has been extended to construct a high‐performance lithium‐ion battery and a lithium/sodium/potassium‐ion capacitor.
Separation‐Controlled Redox Reactions
Authors: Grzelak Adam , Lorenzana José , Grochala Wojciech 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the era of molecular devices and nanotechnology, precise control over electron‐transfer processes is strongly desired. However, redox reactions are usually characterized by reaction equilibrium constants strongly departing from unity. This leads to strong favoring of either reactants or products and does not permit subtle control of transferred charge (doping). Here we propose, based on theoretical studies for periodic systems, how charge transfer between reactants could be finely manipulated in the epitaxially grown system composed of extremely strong oxidizer, reducing agent, and an inert separator—the key factor of control.
Urea biosensors: A comprehensive review
Authors: Botewad Sunil N. , Gaikwad Dhammajyot K. , Girhe Nitin B. , Thorat Hanuman N. , Pawar Pravina P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPresent study is specially designed for the recent advances in biosensors to detect and quantify urea concentration. Urea (carbamide) is an organic compound made up of the carbonyl (C=O) functional group with two −NH2 groups having chemical formula CO (NH2)2. In nature, urea is found everywhere as the result of various processes, and in the human body, urea is an end product of nitrogen metabolism. An excessive concentration of urea in the human body is responsible for different critical diseases such as indigestion, acidity, ulcers, cancer, malfunctioning of kidneys, renal failure, urinary tract obstruction, dehydration, shock, burns, gastrointestinal bleeding, and so on. Moreover, below the normal level may cause hepatic failure, nephritic syndrome, cachexia, and so on. As well as in various fields such as fishery, dairy, food preservation, agriculture, and so on, urea is normally found and its detection is necessary. In urea biosensors, enzyme urease (Urs) is used as a bioreceptor element and retains its long last activity is the critical issue in front of the researcher. During recent decades, different nanoparticles (zinc oxide, nickel oxide, iron oxide, titanium dioxide, tin(IV) oxide, etc.), conducting polymer (polyaniline, polypyrrole, etc.), conducting polymer–nanoparticles composites, carbon materials (carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide graphene), and so on are used in urea biosensors. The main emphasis of the present study is to provide cumulative and comprehensive information about the sensing parameters of urea biosensors based on the materials used for enzyme immobilization. Besides this special task, this review provides a fruitful discussion on the basics of biosensors briefly for new and upcoming researchers. Thus, the present study may act as a gift for a large audience that come from different fields and are working in biosensors research.
Generation of a tissue‐specific transgenic model for K8 phosphomutants: A tool to investigate the role of K8 phosphorylation during skin carcinogenesis in vivo
Authors: Tiwari Richa , Ganguli Nirmalya , Alam Hunain , Sahu Indrajit , Vadivel Chella Krishna , Sinha Shruti , Patel Shweta , Jamghare Sayli Nitin , Bane Sanjay , Thorat Rahul , Majumdar Subeer S. , Vaidya Milind M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractKeratin 8/18, the predominant keratin pair of simple epithelia, is known to be aberrantly expressed in several squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), where its expression is often correlated with increased invasion, neoplastic progression, and poor prognosis. The majority of keratin 8/18 structural and regulatory functions are governed by posttranslational modifications, particularly phosphorylation. Apart from filament reorganization, cellular processes including cell cycle, cell growth, cellular stress, and apoptosis are known to be orchestrated by K8 phosphorylation at specific residues in the head and tail domains. Even though deregulation of K8 phosphorylation at two significant sites (Serine73/Serine431) has been implicated in neoplastic progression of SCCs by various in vitro studies, including ours, it is reported to be highly context‐dependent. Therefore, to delineate the precise role of Kereatin 8 phosphorylation in cancer initiation and progression, we have developed the tissue‐specific transgenic mouse model expressing Keratin 8 wild type and phosphodead mutants under Keratin 14 promoter. Subjecting these mice to 7,12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene/12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate‐mediated skin carcinogenesis revealed that Keratin 8 phosphorylation may lead to an early onset of tumors compared to Keratin 8 wild‐type expressing mice. Conclusively, the transgenic mouse model developed in the present study ascertained a positive impact of Keratin 8 phosphorylation on the neoplastic transformation of skin‐squamous cells.
Partial least squares and silver nanoparticles in spectrophotometric prediction of total hardness of water
Authors: Shariati‐Rad Masoud , Heidari Saeideh 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAmong parameters relating to quality of water, total hardness has been investigated owed to its environmental, domestic, and industrial impact. In the present work, silver nanoparticles were greenly synthesized and used to determine total hardness of water. The results showed that in the presence of different water samples, UV–Vis absorption spectrum of AgNPs varies in intensity and location. It was observed that these changes can be related to total hardness of water samples. For this purpose, multivariate calibration method of partial least squares (PLS) was employed. A linear multivariate PLS model for total hardness in the range of 56–400 mg L−1 was constructed with root‐mean‐square error of cross validation (RMSECV) of 96.7 with three latent variables. The model was successfully used to predict total hardness of 16 bottled or natural water samples.
Nickel/Cobalt Molybdate Hollow Rods Induced by Structure and Defect Engineering as Exceptional Electrode Materials for Hybrid Supercapacitor
Authors: Chu Dawei , Zhao Xun , Xiao Boxin , Libanori Alberto , Zhou Yihao , Tan Lichao , Ma Huiyuan , Pang Haijun , Wang Xinming , Jiang Yanxia , Chen Jun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOxygen defects and hollow structures positively impact pseudocapacitive properties of diffusion/surface‐controlled processes, a component of critical importance when building high‐performance supercapacitors. Hence, we fabricated hollow nickel/cobalt molybdate rods with O‐defects (D−H−NiMoO4@CoMoO4) through a soft‐template and partial reduction method, enhancing D−H−NiMoO4@CoMoO4’s electrochemical performance, yielding a specific capacitance of 1329 F g−1, and demonstrating excellent durability with 95.8 % capacity retention after 3000 cycles. D−H−NiMoO4@CoMoO4 was used as the positive electrode to construct an asymmetric supercapacitor, displaying an energy density of up to 34.13 Wh kg−1 and demonstrating good predisposition towards practical applications. This work presents an effective approach to fabricate and use hollow nickel/cobalt molybdate rods with O‐defects as pseudocapacitor material for high‐performance capacitive energy storage devices.
Molecular Disorder Induces an Unusual Phase Transition in a Potential 2D Chiral Ferroelectric Perovskite
Authors: Sui Li Lin , Juan Wei Wen , Qiang Gao Hong , Hui Tan Yu , Bo Han Xiao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTwo‐dimensional hybrid halide perovskites with single chiral and ferroelectricity together with various structural phase transitions provide the possibility for more diverse functional properties. Here, we present a 2D chiral hybrid halide perovskite ferroelectric, [C6H5(CH2)4NH3]2CdCl4 (4PBA−CdCl4, 4PBA=4‐phenylbutylamine) that experiences two continuous phase transitions from centrosymmetric triclinic P
to polar chiral monoclinic P2 and then to another centrosymmetric tetragonal P4/mmm with increasing temperature, accompanied by symmetry breaking, due to the prominent octahedral distortion and disorder transformation of organic 4PBA cations. In the polar chiral phase, 4PBA−CdCl4 gives a significant CD signal and has a moderate ferroelectric polarization of 0.35 μC/cm2. In addition, 4PBA−CdCl4 occupies a wide band gap of 4.376 eV that is chiefly contributed by the inorganic CdCl6 octahedron. This finding offers an alternative pathway for designing new phase transitions and related physical properties in hybrid halide perovskites and other hybrid crystals.
Structure‐Activity‐Relationship‐Aided Design and Synthesis of xCT Antiporter Inhibitors
Authors: Cirillo Davide , Sarowar Shahin , Enger Per Øyvind , Bjørsvik Hans‐René 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe xCT antiporter is a cell membrane protein involved in active counter‐transportation of glutamate (outflux) with cystine (influx) over the human cell membrane. This feature makes the xCT antiporter a crucial element of the biosynthesis of the vital free radical scavenger glutathione. The prodrug sulfasalazine, a medication for the treatment of ulcerative colitis, was previously proven to inhibit the xCT antiporter. Starting from sulfasalazine, a molecular scaffold jumping followed by SAR‐assisted design and synthesis provided a series of styryl hydroxy‐benzoic acid analogues that were biologically tested in vitro for their ability to decrease intracellular glutathione levels using four different cancer cell lines: A172 (glioma), A375 (melanoma), U87 (glioma) and MCF7 (breast carcinoma). Depletion of glutathione levels varied among the compounds as well as among the cell lines. Flow cytometry using propidium iodide and the annexin V marker demonstrated minimal toxicity in normal human astrocytes for a promising candidate molecule (E)‐5‐(2‐([1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4‐yl)vinyl)‐2‐hydroxybenzoic acid.
Substituent Effects in Organic Luminogens with Room Temperature Phosphorescence
Authors: Liao Qiuyan , Li Qianqian , Li Zhen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOrganic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have attracted much attention for their potential applications in various areas. Many diverse molecular design strategies have been proposed to achieve efficient intersystem crossing (ISC) and stable triplet excited states of organic materials. Among them, the introduction of substituents with different types, linkage positions and amounts, can play a key role in moderating the RTP effect resulting from their tunable electronic properties and steric hindrance. Minor differences between substituents can change the molecular packing in aggregated states significantly, facilitating improved RTP performance with rational design. This Concept reviews the relationship between substituent effects, aggregated structure and RTP properties by the systematic investigation of organic luminogens bearing different substituents. The aim of this Concept is to aid researchers so as to accelerate the development of RTP materials by providing insight into the internal mechanism and reviewing efficient strategies through the introduction of suitable substituents.
Potential antiviral activity of isorhamnetin against SARS‐CoV‐2 spike pseudotyped virus in vitro
Authors: Zhan Yingzhuan , Ta Wenjing , Tang Wenjuan , Hua Ruochen , Wang Jue , Wang Cheng , Lu Wen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCoronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) cases and deaths are still rising worldwide, there is currently no effective treatment for severe inflammation and acute lung injury caused by new coronavirus (SARS‐COV‐2) infection. Therapies to prevent or treat COVID‐19, including antiviral drug and several vaccines, are still being development. Human angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), expressing in lung, has been confirmed to be a receptor for SARS‐COV‐2 infection, interventions for attachment of spike protein of SARS‐CoV‐2 to ACE2 may be a potential approach to prevent viral infections and it is considered as a potential target for drug development. In this study, we observed that seabuckthorn and its flavonoid compounds quercetin and isorhamnetin were shown strong retention to ACE2 overexpression HEK293 (ACE2h) cells by CMC analysis. Based on drug receptor interaction analysis and viral entry studies in vitro, we evaluated the interaction of two flavonoid compounds and ACE2 as well as the inhibitory effect of the two compounds on viral entry. Surface plasmon resonance assay proved the effect that isorhamnetin bound to the ACE2, and its affinity (KD value) was at the micromolar level, that was, 2.51 ± 0.68 μM. Viral entry studies in vitro indicated that isorhamnetin inhibited SARS‐CoV‐2 spike pseudotyped virus entering ACE2h cells. Based on promising in vitro results, we proposed isorhamnetin to be a potential therapeutic candidate compound against COVID‐19.
Electrochemical Enhanced Detection of Uric Acid Based on Peroxidase‐like Activity of Fe3O4@Au
Authors: Guan Huanan , Peng Bo , Gong Dezhuang , Han Bolin , Zhang Na 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFe3O4@Au nanomaterials were prepared by the self‐assembly method. An enzyme‐free, ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of uric acid was achieved based on the peroxidase‐like activity of Fe3O4@Au. The proposed procedure has exhibited excellent catalytic activities and achieved significant enhancements of the current responses to uric acid. The detection range was from 0.1 to 10 mmol/L, and the limit of detection was 0.087 μmol/L. Under the action of external magnetic field, the magnetic particles can be easily separated from the bottom liquid, which has the advantages of simple operation and high separation efficiency. Moreover, this detection method combining a simulated enzyme and electrochemical can enhance the effective output of the overall electrochemical signal without modifying the electrode, and excellent reproducibility can be achieved. Compared to colorimetric assay, the electrochemical one has higher sensitivity and selectivity, and was further applied in ultrasensitive detection of uric acid in food samples. In short, the proposed electrochemical assay has great potential in the fields of food quality control and biomedical analysis.