bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oberflächliche Venenthrombose der Beinvenen – Eine systematische Übersicht – Teil 1: Definition, Ätiologie, Diagnostik
Authors: Rass Knuth , Gerontopoulou Stefania Aglaia , Wienert Volker 
Published: May 2021

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die oberflächliche Venenthrombose (OVT) der Beinvenen ist mit einer Inzidenz von 0,5–1/1000 Einwohner/Jahr ein häufiges und mit einer Frequenz assoziierter thromboembolischer Ereignisse in bis zu 25 % der Fälle ein ernst zu nehmendes Krankheitsbild. In der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit sollen alle relevanten Aspekte der OVT basierend auf der aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Literatur behandelt werden.
Methoden Die systematische Übersicht umfasst das Wissen über die OVT basierend auf dem gesamten, systemisch recherchierten Erkenntnismaterial in den Datenbanken PubMed und Google Scholar. Eine Literaturrecherche in PubMed von Publikationen (1968–2018) mit den Suchbegriffen „Superficial vein thrombosis; thrombophlebitis“ ergab 102 aussagekräftige Arbeiten, die nach Vorlage der Originalarbeit ausgewertet wurden. Teil 1 der Arbeit behandelt Aspekte zur Definition, Klassifikation, Ätiologie und Diagnostik.
Ergebnisse Die OVT manifestiert sich klinisch neben den typischen Entzündungszeichen als strangförmige Induration, die Ausdruck eines thrombotischen Verschlusses epifaszialer Venen ist. Ätiologisch bedeutsam ist das Vorhandensein von Varikose (68 % der Fälle), Adipositas (23 %), Gerinnungsstörungen (18 %) und Tumorleiden (8 %). Das Durchschnittsalter der Betroffenen beträgt 62 Jahre, in 60 % der Fälle sind Frauen betroffen. Zunehmendes Lebensalter ist ein relevanter Risikofaktor. Diagnostisch ist es wichtig, das genaue Ausmaß der OVT zu beschreiben, insbesondere die Thrombuslänge und die Entfernung zum tiefen Venensystem. Dies, einschließlich der Beurteilung des tiefen Beinvenensystems, sollte bei jedem Patienten mit möglicher OVT zeitnah mittels Ultraschalldiagnostik erfolgen. Eine hier vorgeschlagene Klassifikation von 4 Ausprägungsgraden der OVT kann die Zuordnung zur aktuell empfohlenen Therapie erleichtern.
Schlussfolgerung Aufgrund der Häufigkeit und des Risikos potenziell lebensbedrohender Komplikationen sollte der OVT der Beinvenen eine größere Beachtung zukommen, insbesondere mit Blick auf eine spezialisierte Diagnostik durch Phlebologen.
The Target-Step-Test (TST) to Evaluate Locomotory Differentiation
Ability – Evaluation of the Test and Development of Norm Values for
Healthy People
Authors: Steinbach Julia , Loudovici-Krug Dana , Best Norman 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction There is need of a clinical assessment measuring locomotory
differentiation ability.
Objective The Target-Step-Test (TST) for evaluating the locomotory
differentiation ability should be checked for its reliability in the context of
practical application. Furthermore, it is necessary to define a standard value
range. In addition, an examination of the exercise attempts should enable a
statement to be made about the adequate test execution.
Materials and Methods 208 healthy adults between 18 and 45 years were
asked to perform the TST twice. The test procedures of 205 test persons could be
evaluated. The individual experiments and target steps were photo documented.
The 4 directions of movement included stepping forward with the right and left
leg and stepping to the side with the right and left leg. Each direction
contains 3 exercise steps with open eyes and one target step with closed eyes.
The difference to the target line was rounded up or down to 5 mm by the
raters.
Results For the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability as well as the
test-retest reliability high intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and
corrected kappa values could be calculated. 90 % of the measurements
performed are within the range of −4.85 to 5 cm of the target line. The
testing of the measured value repetition shows no differences between 2nd and
3rd step with open eyes. Therefore, it should be sufficient to perform 2
exercise steps with open eyes before the decisive target step with closed
eyes.
Conclusions The TST is reliable regarding inter-rater, intra-rater and
test-retest reliability. The standard value range for healthy adults is set
to±5 cm distance from the target line. Regarding the test
procedure, it is sufficient to execute the target step with closed eyes after
practicing twice with open eyes. The Target-Step-Test is reliable and can easily
be carried out in daily routine to measure locomotory differentiation ability as
a step movement.
MRI Signs of Parkinson’s Disease and Atypical Parkinsonism
Authors: Aludin Schekeb , Schmill Lars-Patrick Andreas 
Published: May 2021

Background Diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease and atypical parkinsonism is based on clinical evaluation of the patient’s symptoms and on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, which can be supplemented by nuclear medicine techniques. MRI plays a leading role in the differentiation between Parkinson’s disease and atypical parkinsonism. While atypical parkinsonism is characterized by relatively specific MRI signs, imaging of Parkinson’s disease previously lacked such signs. However, high-field MRI and new optimized MRI sequences now make it possible to define specific MRI signs of Parkinson’s disease and have significant potential regarding differentiated imaging, early diagnosis, and imaging of disease progression.
Methods PubMed was selectively searched for literature regarding the definition and discussion of specific MRI signs of Parkinson’s disease, as well as the most common types of atypical parkinsonism with a leading motor component. No time frame was set, but the search was particularly focused on current literature.
Results This review article discusses the different MRI signs of Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy, and progressive supranuclear palsy. The pathogenesis of the MRI signs is described, and imaging examples are given. The technical aspects of image acquisition are briefly defined, and the different signs are discussed and compared with regard to their diagnostic significance according to current literature.
Conclusion The MRI signs of Parkinson’s disease, which can be defined with high-field MRI and new optimized MRI sequences, enable differentiated structural image interpretation and consecutive diagnostic workup. Despite the fact that the signs are in need of further validation by bigger studies, they have the potential to achieve significant diagnostic relevance regarding the imaging of Parkinson’s disease and atypical parkinsonism.
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Pediatric Buried Bumper Syndrome: Diagnostic Validity of Transabdominal Ultrasound and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Aguilar Caroline , Regensburger Adrian P. , Knieling Ferdinand , Wagner Alexandra L. , Siebenlist Gregor , Woelfle Joachim , Koehler Henrik , Hoerning André , Jüngert Jörg 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose Buried bumper syndrome (BBS) is a severe complication of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) resulting from overgrowth of gastric mucosa and penetration of the inner holding plate into the gastric wall. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of transabdominal ultrasound (US) in comparison to an artificial intelligence (AI) model for the diagnosis of BBS in children.
Materials and Methods In this monocentric retrospective study, pediatric US data concerning BBS from a ten-year period (2009–2019) were analyzed. US findings were compared to a clinical multiparameter-based AI model and reference standard endoscopy. Clinical risk factors for the occurrence of pediatric BBS were determined.
Results In n = 121 independent examinations of n = 82 patients, the placement of the inner holding plate of the PEG was assessed by US. In n = 18 cases BBS was confirmed. Recall and precision rates were 100 % for US and 88 % for the AI-based assessment. Risk factors for the occurrence of BBS were mobilization problems of the PEG (rs = 0.66, p < 0.001), secretion/exudation (rs = 0.29, p = 0.002), time between 1st PEG placement and US (rs = 0.38, p < 0.001), and elevated leukocyte count (rs = 0.24, p = 0.016).
Conclusion Transabdominal US enables correct, rapid, and noninvasive diagnosis of BBS in pediatric patients. Preceding AI models could aid during diagnostic workup. To avoid unnecessary invasive procedures, US could be considered as a primary diagnostic procedure in suspected BBS.
Schluss mit dem Blindflug
Authors: Wieteck Pia 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Digitalisierung in der Pflege ist längst überfällig! Der Blindflug pflegerischen Leistungsgeschehens macht es nötig, die Einführung von Pflegeprozessdokumentation zu beschleunigen – und zwar an allen relevanten Schnittstellen.
Evaluation of Meal Carbohydrate Counting Errors in Patients with Type
1 Diabetes
Authors: Buck Sina , Krauss Collin , Waldenmaier Delia , Liebing Christina , Jendrike Nina , Högel Josef , Pfeiffer Boris M. , Haug Cornelia , Freckmann Guido 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aim Correct estimation of meal carbohydrate content is a prerequisite for
successful intensified insulin therapy in patients with diabetes. In this
survey, the counting error in adult patients with type 1 diabetes was
investigated.
Methods Seventy-four patients with type 1 diabetes estimated the
carbohydrate content of 24 standardized test meals. The test meals were
categorized into 1 of 3 groups with different carbohydrate content: low, medium,
and high. Estimation results were compared with the meals’ actual
carbohydrate content as determined by calculation based on weighing. A subgroup
of the participants estimated the test meals for a second (n=35) and a
third time (n=22) with a mean period of 11 months between the
estimations.
Results During the first estimation, the carbohydrate content was
underestimated by −28% (−50, 0) of the actual
carbohydrate content. Particularly meals with high mean carbohydrate content
were underestimated by −34% (−56, −13). Median
counting error improved significantly when estimations were performed for a
second time (p<0.001).
Conclusions Participants generally underestimated the carbohydrate content
of the test meals, especially in meals with higher carbohydrate content.
Repetition of estimation resulted in significant improvements in estimation
accuracy and is important for the maintenance of correct carbohydrate
estimations. The ability to estimate the carbohydrate content of a meal should
be checked and trained regularly in patients with diabetes.
Phytochemical Analysis and Antinociceptive Properties of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Aleurites moluccanus Bark
Authors: de Souza Márcia Maria , Chagas Luiz G. R. D. , Gonçalves Ana Elisa , Tomczak Marcelo , Reichert Simone , Schuquel Ivania T. A. , Cechinel-Filho Valdir , Meyre-Silva Christiane 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aleurites moluccanus is used in folk medicine to treat many diseases including pain and inflammatory processes in general. Considering the potential of the leaf extract, evidenced in a previous study, the present study investigates the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of the hydroethanolic extract of A. moluccanus bark and isolated compounds in animal models of pain. The antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of A. moluccanus bark were evaluated through hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan, PGE2, cytokines, bradykinin, epinephrine, Freundʼs complete adjuvant, and lipopolysaccharide. Five compounds were isolated from the dichloromethane bark extract: acetyl aleuritolic acid, atraric acid, spruceanol, (5β,10α)-12-hydroxy-13-methoxy-8,11,13-podocarpatrien-3-one and sonderianol. To optimize the extraction conditions, ethanol 50, 70, and 90°GL were used as extracting solvent, in a 1 : 20 (w/v)
drug : solvent ratio, under stirring at room temperature for 4 h. The extracts were named AMC50, AMC70, and AMC90, respectively. These extracts were administered to mice (250 mg/kg, p. o.) with reduced mechanical hyperalgesia activity in the carrageenan test. Of these, AMC90 showed the best results. Pure (5β,10α)-12-hydroxy-13-methoxy-8,11,13-podocarpatrien-3-one showed a beneficial effect for up to 48 hours after the administration of carrageenan, while acetyl aleuritolic acid was effective only in the first hour. AMC90 was able to reverse the analgesia induced only by prostaglandin E2 and tumor necrosis factor. We also induced hyperalgesia using the lipopolysaccharide and Freundʼs complete adjuvant models, with positive results. These results support the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of A. moluccanus bark extract. The observed effects are partly due to the presence of acetyl aleuritolic acid, atraric acid, and
(5β,10α)-12-hydroxy-13-methoxy-8,11,13-podocarpatrien-3-one.
Copper-Catalyzed Sulfonylation of Cyclobutanone Oxime Esters with Sulfonyl Hydrazides
Authors: Lu Jiansha , Leng Yuting , Dong Bingbing , Bao Honghao , Zhang Yuanyuan , Liu Yingguo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA copper-catalyzed radical cross-coupling of cyclobutanone oxime esters with sulfonyl hydrazides has been developed. The copper-based catalytic system proved crucial for cleavage of the C−C bond of cyclobutanone oximes and for selective C–S bond-formation involving persistent sulfonyl-metal radical intermediates. This protocol is distinguished by the low-cost catalytic system, which does not require ligand, base, or toxic cyanide salt, and by the use of readily accessible starting materials, as well as broad substrate scope, providing an efficient approach to various diversely substituted cyano-containing sulfones.
Highly Efficient Synthesis of 2-Substituted Benzo[b]furan Derivatives from the Cross-Coupling Reactions of 2-Halobenzo[b]furans with Organoalane Reagents
Authors: Li Qinghan , Wen Chang , Wu Chuan , Luo Ruiqiang , Chen Feng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA highly efficient and simple route for the synthesis of 2-substituted benzo[b]furans has been developed by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of 2-halobenzo[b]furans with aryl, alkynyl, and alkylaluminum reagents. Various 2-aryl-, 2-alkynyl-, and 2-alkyl-substituted benzo[b]furan derivatives can be obtained in 23–97% isolated yields using 2–3 mol% PdCl2/4–6 mol% XantPhos as the catalyst under mild reaction conditions. The aryls bearing electron-donating or electron-withdrawing groups in 2-halobenzo[b]furans gave products in 40–97% isolated yields. In addition, aluminum reagents containing thienyl, furanyl, trimethylsilanyl, and benzyl groups worked efficiently with 2-halobenzo[b]furans as well, and three bioactive molecules with 2-substituted benzo[b]furan skeleton were synthesized. Furthermore, the broad substrates scope and the typical maintenance of vigorous efficiency on gram scale make this protocol a potentially practical method to synthesize 2-substituted benzo[b]furan derivatives. On the basis of the experimental results, a possible catalytic cycle has been proposed.
Strategic Synthesis of Asymmetrically Substituted C4N4 Fluorophores
Authors: Shibasaki Masakatsu , Kumagai Naoya , Xu Wei , Kohei Miki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractC4N4 fluorophores comprise a recently disclosed new class of emissive organic molecules with modular synthetic capabilities. Herein, we report a new synthetic protocol toward asymmetrically di­arylated C4N4 fluorescent materials. Direct monoarylation of 1-naphthol is exploited to suppress undesired diarylation and to provide a free phenolic hydroxy group for prospective linking to a molecule of interest. Installation of the second aromatic unit in order to acquire fluorescent properties is achieved by Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling.
Nickel-Catalyzed Oxidative Transamidation of Tertiary Aromatic Amines with N-Acylsaccharins
Authors: Liu Shengzhang , Yang Lingyun , Wang Tao , Fu Junkai , Tao Jiasi , Yu Weijie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe use of tertiary amines as surrogates for secondary amines has prominent advantages in terms of stabilization and ease of handling. A Ni-catalyzed transamidation of N-acylsaccharins with tertiary aromatic amines is reported. By using tert-butyl hydroperoxide as the terminal oxidant, this reaction permits selective cleavage of the C(sp3)–N bonds of unsymmetrical tertiary aromatic amines depending on the sizes of the alkyl substituents.
A Review on Synthetic Approaches towards Kavalactones
Authors: Tadiparthi Krishnaji , Anand Pragya 
Published: May 2021

AbstractKavalactones are classes of α-pyrone and 5,6-dihydropyrone derivatives showing various biological activities, and numerous approaches have been reported for the preparation of these molecules. In this review, we discuss the different synthetic approaches towards these naturally occurring lactones, in both racemic and enantiomerically pure forms, that have been reported in the literature to date. It is hoped that this review will assist researchers in the development of additional and efficient synthetic routes towards kavalactones. 1	Introduction2	Synthetic Approaches for the Preparation of Kavalactones3	Conclusion
Differential Diagnosis of Calvarial Tumors: A Series of 8 Cases
Authors: Sharma Jitesh Kumar , Kataria Rashim , Choudhary Madhur , Purohit Devendra Kumar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction To present and discuss the clinical presentations, investigations, and treatment options for skull bone tumors.
Materials and Methods This study was conducted from January 2019 to December 2019 at the Department of Neurosurgery. During this period, eight patients presented with skull bone tumor in the outpatient department. All patients were thoroughly investigated. Surgery was conducted on six patients and two patients had disseminated carcinoma; hence, surgery was not done. Patients were regularly followed-up after the surgery.
Results In our study, out of eight cases, five were females and three were males. We had two cases of fibrous dysplasia, two cases of osteomas, and one case each of brown tumor, metastases from lung carcinoma, metastases from follicular carcinoma of thyroid, and Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET). Excision of tumor was performed where indicated and adjuvant chemo- and radiotherapy was suggested wherever required.
Conclusion Bony tumors of the skull are uncommon diseases for the neurosurgeons. These tumors require a careful diagnosis with suitable radiological examinations and proper clinical correlation for proper management.
Lumbar Subarachnoid Neurocysticercosis: A Case Report with Literature Review
Authors: Chandrakanth Kanakam , G. Krishna Kumar , Reddy Ravi Suman , Multani Kartik Manoj 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNeurocysticercosis (NCC) is the most common parasitic infection of brain. Spinal NCC is commonly seen in association with cranial lesions. However, they do present rarely as isolated spinal lesions. Spinal NCC may present with vague symptoms, pain, paraparesis or, sometimes as, cauda equina syndrome. Spinal NCC with neurological deficits is an emergency, and it should be operated immediately followed by antiparasitic medications. We report a primary lumbar NCC patient, who presented with radicular pain. She underwent complete excision of cyst.
Embryo Glue: The Use of Hyaluronan in Embryo Transfer Media
Authors: Atkinson Beth , Woodland Emma 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEmbryoGlue is available to patients at many in vitro fertilization clinics, usually at an additional cost. The efficacy of hyaluronan-enriched transfer medium (HETM) is supported by moderate quality evidence that indicates a significant improvement in clinical outcomes such as live birth rates for patients, including poorer prognosis women (i.e., maternal age factor [>35 years] and recurrent implantation failure). An increased multiple pregnancy rate has been reported with the use of HETM; therefore, a single embryo transfer policy should be considered in conjunction with the use of EmbryoGlue. There is no evidence to suggest that HETM has any detrimental impact, and therefore the use of HETM in clinics may be justified for a specific demographic of patients. Further robust evidence, in the form of meta-analyses or large-scale randomized controlled trials, is needed to build a sufficient consensus regarding the benefit of hyaluronan supplementation in embryo transfer media.
Determining the electrical conductivity of metals using the 2 MA Thor pulsed power driver
Authors: Porwitzky Andrew , Cochrane Kyle R. , Stoltzfus Brian 
Published: May 2021

We present the development of a pulsed power experimental technique to infer the electrical conductivity of metals from ambient to high energy density conditions. The method is implemented on Thor, a moderate scale (1–2 MA) pulsed power driver. The electrical conductivity of copper at elevated temperature (&gt;4000 K) and pressure (&gt;10 GPa) is determined, and a new tabular material model is developed, guided by density functional theory, which preserves agreement with existing experimental data. Minor modifications (&lt;10%) are found to be necessary to the previous Lee–More–Desjarlais model isotherms in the vicinity of the melt transition in order to account for observed discrepancies with the new experimental data. An analytical model for magnetic direct drive flyer acceleration and Joule heating induced vaporization based on the Tsiolkovsky “rocket equation” is presented to assess sensitivity of the method to minor changes in electrical conductivity.
On the possibility of recording and studying human movement activity with seismic sensors of a new type: Advantages and prospects of the single-layer flat-coil-oscillator technology based sensors
Authors: Gevorgyan S. G. , Khachunts A. S. , Gevorgyan G. S. , Shirinyan H. G. , Gevorgyan V. S. , Kurghinyan B. K. , Khachunts S. A. 
Published: May 2021

This paper presents main classes and varieties of sensors developed on the basis of the single-layer flat-coil-oscillator (SFCO) technology. The results of registration of human activity (steps and jumps) by seismic sensors based on this technology are presented and discussed in this paper. We applied some algorithms for digital processing of “RAW” data coming from vibrational seismic SFCO sensors, which made it possible to detect and mark out human steps and jumps from the background of natural ground vibrations. The unprecedented sensitivity of these sensors has been demonstrated, which, under favorable conditions (low natural ground vibrations), enables step-by-step registration of human activity at distances up to 350–370 m from the sensor installation point in the ground. The advantages of three-dimensional (3D) SFCO seismic sensors, which allow detecting human activity even with unfavorable environmental parameters and filtering features of the soil due to their anisotropy, have been demonstrated. The possibility of detecting soil features with new SFCO sensors is also shown. Possible applications of vibration seismic SFCO sensors in other areas are also discussed.
Butyrate enhances CPT1A activity to promote fatty acid oxidation and iTreg differentiation
Authors: Hao Fengqi , Tian Miaomiao , Zhang Xinbo , Jin Xin , Jiang Ying , Sun Xue , Wang Yang , Peng Pinghui , Liu Jia , Xia Chaoyi , Feng Yunpeng , Wei Min 
Published: May 2021

Significance
Inducible Treg (iTreg) cells are crucial for the maintenance of intestinal immune homeostasis. iTreg differentiation has been recently linked with metabolic reprogramming in fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Butyrate, a specific type of short-chain fatty acid readily produced from fiber-rich diets through microbial fermentation, was previously found to promote iTreg generation as an HDAC inhibitor and critical for intestinal homeostasis. Here, we revealed that butyrate could also facilitate iTreg differentiation by enhancing FAO. This process relies on butyrate conversion to butyryl-CoA, which directly targets CPT1A, the rate-limiting enzyme in FAO, to unleash CPT1A activity for iTreg differentiation. Together, our findings depict a previously unappreciated mechanism for the regulation of iTreg differentiation and fine-tuning of the intestinal immune homeostasis by butyrate.