bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Determinants of Households Having Savings Accounts in Rwanda
Authors: Ruranga Charles , Hacker Scott 
Published: April 2021

This paper analyses the determinants of Rwandan households having savings accounts using Integrated Household Living Conditions Survey (IHLCS) data of 2010/11. After a background discussion and literature review an empirical analysis is presented with different variables adopted and analysed as determinants of household’s head having savings accounts. Poverty level, age, gender, residential area and level education of household head (literate or not) were considered as independent variables of the study. Findings from the estimations of logit models indicate the likelihood of a household having a savings account is positively and significantly related to each of the following: non-poor status of the household,the household residing in an urban area, the household head being male, and the household head being literate. Having the household head be literate tends to be more important for younger household heads and for non-poor households. The proportion of households having money in a savings account more than doubled over the decade between the IHLCS 2000/2001 survey and the IHLCS 2010/2011 survey. Government policies on savings and poverty reduction may explain the trend of increased cash balances in saving accounts.
Key Words: Savings, Bank Accounts, Households, Determinants,
Concentrations of faecal glucocorticoid metabolites in South African Mutton Merino sheep fed various sources of roughage
Authors: O’Neill H.A. , Einkamerer O.B. , Elago B.T. , Ganswindt A. 
Published: April 2021

The objective of this study was to determine whether various sources of roughage in nutritionally balanced feedlot diets would evoke a stress response in sheep. A nutritional stress response test was performed on 20 ewes, randomly divided into four treatment groups with 5 ewes per group. Ewes were kept individually in metabolic crates for thirty days. Rations were balanced nutritionally, and various sources of roughage were included; T1: alfalfa hay, T2: maize stover, T3: soya hulls; and T4: Eragrostis tef. Faeces was removed manually from the caudal rectum of each ewe at 05h00 and 19h00. Samples were frozen at -20°C until analyses. A total of 520 faecal samples were analysed to determine the concentrations of faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCM) by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). These concentrations were expressed as mass/g dry weight (ng/g DW). Baseline values were determined, and those greater than the mean plus 2 standard deviations were removed. Baseline values were compared between the groups with one-way ANOVA analysis. The average concentrations of fGCM were 178.77 ± 21.7 in the morning and 183.2 ± 14.4 in the evening. Sheep fed T4 had significantly higher fGCM concentrations in both morning (302.0 ± 86.1 ng/g DW) and evening (237.0 ± 48.1 ng/g DW) compared with the other treatment groups. Thus, fGCM concentrations in sheep were related to the source of roughage, and Eragrostis tef caused a stress response.
Keywords: animal welfare, cortisol, dietary fibre, selective grazer, stress response
The population dynamics of the bony tongue, Heterotis niloticus (Cuvier, 1829) in the Cross River, Nigeria
Authors: Otogo G.A. , Enin U.I. 
Published: April 2021

The population dynamics of Heterotis niloticus of the Cross River, Nigeria was investigated for 15 months (October 2010 – December 2011) with the aim to determine the population parameters including growth and mortality rates. Time series data on the length - frequency distribution was collected from the artisanal landings using cast nets and gill nets at Ayadehe and Oku Ibuko beaches in Itu L.G.A. of Akwa Ibom State. The length - frequency data were analysed using FiSAT (FAO - ICLARM Stock Assessment tools). Maximum length of H. niloticus obtained from the field was 92.0 cm with a corresponding weight of 6.0 kg. Population parameters from length – frequency analysis were estimated as follows: Asymptotic length (L∞) = 103.87cm total length, growth coefficient (K) = 0.32 per year, amplitude of oscillation (C = 0.5) and winter point (WP) = 0.6. The K value of 0.32 showed that the fish is a slow growing species. The WP of 0.6 suggests that H. niloticus experiences slowest growth rate in the months of June – July possibly associated with spawning activity and low ambient temperature recorded during this period. The longevity was estimated at 9 years 4 months and growth performance index (o’) was 3.54. The fish instantaneous total mortality (Z) was estimated at 1.51 per year; natural mortality (M) was 0.608; fishing mortality (F) was 0.902 and exploitation rate (E) of 0.60. This exploitation rate indicates that fishing mortality is becoming excessive and is therefore being overfished. Possible interventions and recommendations are that the effort be reduced or stabilized. The close of fishery in July - August, the peak of reproduction is recommended and should be implemented. In addition, mesh size be increased to reduce growth overfishing on juveniles and sub adults.
Key words: Heterotis niloticus, population dynamics, Cross River, Nigeria
Bacteriological and heavy metal status of water and fish samples from Jebba Lake – Nigeria
Authors: Atiribom R.Y. , Abioye O.P. , Daniyan S.Y. , Ojutiku R.O. , Auta H.S. , Mu’azu M.M. 
Published: April 2021

Quantitative and qualitative analysis of bacterial isolates in water and fish samples (Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus) from Jebba Lake were carried out using primary isolation media and microbact identification kits. The concentration of heavy metals, Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr) and Arsenic (As) were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Samples were collected from five (5) different stations. Station Jl.1 and Jl.2 are located at the upper course of the lake and were characterized by high human activities (washing, bathing, mining and animal husbandry operations) especially in sample station Jl.2. Sample station Jl.3 has low human activities, however it has a tributary with high mining activities. Station Jl.4 has high domestic washings but low animal husbandry operation and low mining activities. Station Jl.5 has low domestic washings, low animal husbandry operation and low mining activities. Mean faecal coliform count of sample station Jl.1 (580.83 CFU/100ml) and station Jl.2 (700.83 CFU/100ml) were above maximum permissible limit for Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA). Faecal coliform count of sample stations Jl.3, Jl.4 and Jl.5 were below maximum permissible limit. Maximum faecal coliform count during the wet season was 1600.00 CFU/100ml, while the maximum count during the dry season was 920.00 CFU/100ml. Bacterial species such as Aeromonas caviae, Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas fluorescens – 25, Escherichia coli, Moraxella species, Mannheimia (pasturella) haemolytica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens – 35, Escherichia hermannii were found in water samples and species such as Vibrio alginolyticus, Moraxella species, Escherichia hermannii, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Aeromonas hydrophila were isolated from fish intestines and gills. Concentration of Cu, Cr and As in water was observed to be within permissible limit but the concentration of Pb and Cd were above tolerable limit. In fish organs, the concentration of heavy metals were within permissible limit except that of Pb and As in Oreochromis niloticus fish intestines (ONFI) (0.38±0.00 and 0.03±0.00 respectively) and Clarias gariepinus fish intestines (CGFI) (0.40±0.00 and 0.03±0.01 respectively) which were above maximum permissible limit by standard organizations.
Key words: Jebba Lake, water, fish, Oreochromis niloticus, Clarias gariepinus, bacteria, heavy metals
Effects of light matrix organics (probiotic) on the growth, feed digestibility, carcass and blood parameters of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus
Authors: Oben B.O , Tiku T.D.G , Oben P.M 
Published: April 2021

Cameroon’s fish protein consumption levels remain inadequate due to low fish production. The effects of Light Matrix Organics (LMO), a probiotic combination on the growth performance, feed digestibility, blood and carcass composition of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus were investigated. Probiotics are live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer health benefits on the host. A basal diet was formulated and supplemented with LMO at 0.0 ml/kg (T0) as control; 1.66 ml/kg (T1); 2.49 ml/kg (T2); 3.32 ml/kg (T3) and 4.15 ml/kg (T4) and fed to 340 Clarias gariepinus fingerlings in two blocks (with average fish weights of 1.00±0.40 g and 0.1±0.05 g respectively), for sixty (60) days in replicate plastic tanks. Fish were fed twice daily at 4% body weight. Results show that the Mean weight gain, Specific growth rate and Protein efficiency ratio were significantly highest (P<0.05) in fish fed diets supplemented with LMO at 4.15 ml/kg (T4) and lowest in T0 (control). Apparent Digestibility Coefficients (ADC) of C. gariepinus for Dry Matter% and Crude Protein% decreased significantly in the general order: T4>T3>T2>T1>T0, except for Crude Protein which was significantly higher (P<0.05) in T3 than in T4. ADC Lipid% was higher (P<0.05) in both T2 and T4 than in all other treatments while ADC Energy was highest (P<0.05) in T2. Blood parameters were significantly higher (P<0.05) in LMO supplemented diets except for haematocrit (Ht) and red blood cells (RBC). Carcass nutrients differed significantly with LMO supplemented diets producing significantly lower (P≤0.05) fat but storing more energy than fish on the control diet. Incorporating LMO in treatment T2 was significantly more (P<0.05) economically efficient than other treatments. The supplementary use of LMO at the rate of 2.49ml/kg fish feed is therefore recommended based on the high economic efficiency and above average growth performance.
Key words: probotic, light matrix organics, Clarias gariepinus, growth performance, digestibility, economic efficiency.
Retrospective analysis of prenatal invasive diagnostic procedures in a tertiary center
Authors: Gedik Özköse Zeynep , Oğlak Süleyman Cemil , Behram Mustafa , Ölmez Fatma , Süzen Çaypınar Sema , Bestel Ayşegül , Acar Züat , Gezdirici Alper , Özdemir İsmail 
Published: April 2021

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the indications and outcomes of prenatal invasive diagnostic procedures performed in a single tertiary center.
Materials and Methods: The invasive procedure indications and karyotype results of 1666 pregnant women who underwent prenatal invasive procedures between March 2016 and November 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The indications and results of prenatal invasive diagnostic procedures were recorded.
Results: Amniocentesis (AS) was performed to 1060 (63.6%) patients, corion villus sampling (CVS) to 299 (17.9%), and cordocentesis (CS) to 307 (18.4%) patients. Among the prenatal invasive procedure indications, the most frequent indication was abnormal ultrasound (US) findings, with a rate of 48.3% (n= 805). A normal karyotype was detected in 85% (n= 1416) of the cases, and chromosomal abnormality was detected in 12.2% (n= 204) of the cases. Abnormal karyotype results were found in 111 (10.5%) of 1060 patients who underwent AS, 87 (29.1%) of 299 patients who underwent CVS, and 52 (16.9%) of 307 patients who underwent CS. Among the numerical chromosomal abnormalities, trisomy 21 was the most common abnormality with a rate of 46% (94/204), while inversions were the most common abnormality of structural chromosomal abnormalities at 8.8% (18/204).
Conclusion: The results of the current study show that AS is the most common prenatal diagnostic invasive procedure. We obtained the highest fetal chromosomal anomaly rate in patients who experienced CVS. Abnormal US findings were the most common prenatal invasive diagnostic procedure indication in our study. Choosing the most appropriate invasive procedure is related to the obstetricians' experience, medical history of the patient, the gestational week at admission, maternal prenatal serum screening test results, and abnormal US findings.
Functional food products: the relationship between the theory, the production and a consumer
Authors: Borisova A. V. , Shayarova M. V. , Shishkina N. Yu. 
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the research. A large number of studies and developments of Russian and foreign authors on functional food products indicates an increased interest in this topic. At the same time, questions arise as to how these developments are realized in real business, and in what form they reach the consumer. The article attempts to understand the relationship between the theoretical development of functional food products, the actual production and a consumer.The methods. For this purpose we have reviewed the most interesting publications, analyzed publication activity, studied the market and surveyed potential buyers.The results. As a result of the research, a steady increase in publications devoted to the study of the sources and physiological effects of various functional ingredients has been revealed: probiotics, sources of dietary fiber, pectin substances, polyphenols, vitamins, etc. The analysis of the actual functional food production has revealed the lack of certification of this group of products in the Russian legislation, so, manufacturers cannot position their product as a functional one. However, studies are being conducted to identify the sales volume of «functional» group of products. As a result of a survey of potential consumers, gaps in understanding the essence of functional food products, their differences from fortified and healthy foods have been identified.The conclusion. Thus, it can be concluded that the relationship between the theory, the production and a consumer in the field of functional foods is broken. The production and volume of functional food products in Russia lags far behind the world level. However, with proper educational work of the media, it is possible to raise awareness and interest of the population in functional food products.
"La violencia genéticamente patriarcal no reconoce fronteras de clases, de lugares, de espacios"
Authors: Bilbao Bárbara 
Published: April 2021

Entrevista a
Dora Barrancos es Licenciada en Sociología por la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA); allí obtuvo el Diploma de Honor. Es Mestre em Educaçao, otorgado por la Faculdade de Educaçao, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil; y Doctora en Historia, por el Instituto de Filosofía e Ciencias Humanas de la Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brasil. Investigadora Principal del Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y, Directora del mismo establecimiento en representación a las disciplinas de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas. Profesora Consulta de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, de la UBA. Fue directora del Instituto Interdisciplinario de Estudios de Género, de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, de la UBA (2000-2010). Ex Directora de la Maestría y del Doctorado en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades de la Universidad Nacional de Quilmes (UNQ). Entre toda su trayectoria académica, integra y dirige la comisión para el armado del Protocolo contra la Violencia de Género en la UNQ.
Especialización en Biocatálisis y Biotransformaciones
Authors: Lewkowicz Elizabeth , Nóbile Matías 
Published: April 2021

Hasta hace unos años, la industria química no incluía en sus planes el uso de sistemas biológicos, sin embargo, los graves problemas ambientales que comenzaron a aparecer promovieron la búsqueda de alternativas limpias a las metodologías clásicas. Así, los procesos que involucran biocatálisis comenzaron a jugar un importante rol no sólo por la biodegradabilidad de los biocatalizadores, sino porque se gasta menos energía, se producen pocos productos secundarios y residuos de menor toxicidad

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Distribución de competencias en turismo en los Estados del MERCOSUR
Authors: Del Busto Eugenio 
Published: April 2021

El presente analiza el sistema constitucional de distribución de competencias y sus implicancias en turismo, en los países de América Latina que integran, en carácter de Estados Parte, el MERCOSUR, con la finalidad de conocer las potestades de los entes que intervienen en la regulación de la actividad.
Concluye en la importancia de afianzar los procesos de integración en materia turística, con el objeto de cooperar en su desarrollo de manera sustentable. Para ello se propicia la armonización de la normativa, respetando las potestades que emanan de los diferentes sistemas de distribución de competencias.
LITERATURE REVIEW: EFFECT OF EXERCISE ON SERUM FGF23
Authors: Letto Nurunnisa Sholeha , Lubis Vita Murniati Tarawan , Goenawan Hanna , Pratiwi Yuni Susanti , Nurhayati Titing 
Published: April 2021

Exercise is an activity that has many health benefits, including bone, heart, and muscle health. One of the proteins found to be increased after exercise was FGF23. FGF23 is one of the bone mineral regulators which previously served as an indicator for chronic kidney disease severity and cardiovascular morbidity. However, some studies have found no increase in FGF23 after exercise. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the effect of exercise on serum FGF23. This study is a literature review with a qualitative approach comparing previous studies related to exercise and FGF23. From 13 selected kinds of literature, serum FGF23 elevation was found on exercise for one day to three weeks and did not change after six weeks to 12 months of exercise. The conclusions of the study are serum FGF23 was found to be increased after one day to three weeks of exercise and serum FGF23 in human studies found to be increased after long-duration maximal-intensity exercise.
El retroceso de las libertades sociales en tiempos de pandemia: ¿un punto de inflexión necesario o el camino sin retorno?
Authors: Reyes Olivo Martiniano 
Published: April 2021

Los gobiernos del mundo inspirados en las estrategias de supervisión e inmovilidad social creadas por el autoritarismo chino, so pretexto de combatir la pandemia, han implementado herramientas tecnológicas como la geolocalización, el reconocimiento facial y la manipulación de la Big Data, entre otras, lo que ha fortalecido el abuso sobre las libertades individuales. La presente investigación se llevó a cabo bajo un enfoque cualitativo con una metodología de revisión documental de tipo narrativa, nutriéndose de fuentes de información primaria y secundaria. El diseño fue de corte transversal ubicado en el año 2020 con un nivel no experimental. Este trabajo, tuvo por objetivo conocer el estado actual de las libertades sociales a nivel global como consecuencia de la aplicación de estrategias de control y de inmovilidad social en la lucha contra el virus Covid-19. Se encontró una tendencia hacia la baja del índice de Libertades sociales en el mundo -tanto en países con gobiernos autoritarios como aquellos denominados democráticos- en los 2 años previos a la pandemia, siendo el 2020, año de inicio de la pandemia, cuando más se intensificaron las violaciones. Entre las principales conclusiones se tiene; que existe una caída sostenida del índice de libertades civiles a nivel internacional, indistintamente de la definición política de gobierno y del grado de desarrollo del país. Mientras el control social y el autoritarismo forman parte de la cultura asiática, en los países democráticos, los ciudadanos han cedido libertades sociales en nombre de protección y seguridad ante el contagio.
Standardized flux seasonality metrics: a companion dataset for FLUXNET annual product
Authors: Yang Linqing , Noormets Asko 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Phenological events are integrative and sensitive indicators of ecosystem processes that respond to climate, water and nutrient availability, disturbance, and environmental change. The seasonality of ecosystem processes, including biogeochemical fluxes, can similarly be decomposed to identify key transition points and phase durations, which can be determined with high accuracy, and are specific to the processes of interest. As the seasonality of different processes differ, it can be argued that the interannual trends and responses to environmental forcings can be better described through the fluxes' own temporal characteristics than through correlation to traditional phenological events like bud break or leaf coloration. Here we present a global dataset of seasonality or phenological metrics calculated for gross primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (RE), latent heat (LE), and sensible heat (H) calculated for the FLUXNET2015 Dataset of about 200 sites and 1500 site years of data. The database includes metrics (i) on an absolute flux scale for comparisons with flux magnitudes and (ii) on a normalized scale for comparisons of change rates across different fluxes. Flux seasonality was characterized by fitting a single-pass double-logistic model to daily flux integrals, and the derivatives of the fitted time series were used to extract the phenological metrics marking key turning points, season lengths, and rates of change. Seasonal transition points could be determined with a 90 % confidence interval of 6–11 d for GPP, 8–14 d for RE, 10–15 d for LE, and 15–23 d for H. The phenology metrics derived from different partitioning methods diverged, at times significantly. This Flux Seasonality Metrics Database (FSMD) can be accessed at the US Department of Energy's (DOE) Environmental Systems Science Data Infrastructure for a Virtual Ecosystem (ESS-DIVE, https://doi.org/10.15485/1602532; Yang and Noormets, 2020). We hope that it will facilitate new lines of research, including (1) validating and benchmarking ecosystem process models, (2) parameterizing satellite remote sensing phenology and PhenoCam products, (3) optimizing phenological models, and (4) generally expanding the toolset for interpreting ecosystems responses to changing climate.
PEMECAHAN MASALAH BERBASIS KONTEKSTUAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA
Authors: YENI EFRI - 
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi dengan kenyataan di sekolah bahwa pembelajaran matematika yang dilaksanakan oleh guru hanya dengan alur memberikan informasi, ceramah, latihan soal, dan pemberian tugas, tanpa adanya diberi kesempatan untuk menemukan sendiri. Banyak pendekatan yang dapat digunakan untuk merubah cara mengajar yang dilakukan oleh guru. Masalah penelitian ini adalah bagaimanakah penerapan pedekatan kontekstual untuk meningkatkan hasil pembelajaran soal cerita tentang FPB di kelas IV SD Negeri 05/VIII Balai Rajo Sedangkan kegunaan pembahasan ini adalah sebagai acuan bagi para guru untuk menggunakan pendekatan kontektual dalam pembelajaran matematika terutama dalam pembelajaran pemecahan masalah. Untuk sampai pada tujuan dan manfaat penelitian ini, dilakukan penelitian tindakan kelas Metode penelitian yang dilakukan berjenis Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Prosedur penelitian dimulai dengan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan (observasi), dan refleksi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua siklus setiap siklus dilakukan dua kali pertemuan. Setiap siklus dilakukan pendekatan kontekstual dan membuktikan terjadinya peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada materi penyelesaian soal cerita berhubungan dengan FPB dan KPK di IV SD Negeri 05/VIII Balai Rajo. Terlihat hasil belajar siswa meningkat dari rata-rata kelas 71,11 pada siklus I menjadi 88,6 pada siklus II, juga terjadi peningkatan aktivitas siswa pada siklus I hanya 65 menjadi 80 pada siklus II. Ini menunjukkan pembelajaran pemecahan masalah berbasis kontektual dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar dan aktivitas siswa.