bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in Dexamethasone Dosing and Use Outcomes for Inpatient Croup
Authors: Tyler Amy , Bryan Mersine A. , Zhou Chuan , Mangione-Smith Rita , Williams Derek , Johnson David P. , Kenyon Chén C. , Rasooly Irit , Neubauer Hannah C. , Wilson Karen M. 
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVES
Evaluate the association between dexamethasone dosing and outcomes for children hospitalized with croup.

METHODS
This study was nested within a multisite prospective cohort study of children aged 6 months to 6 years admitted to 1 of 5 US children’s hospitals between July 2014 and June /2016. Multivariable linear and logistic mixed-effects regression models were used to examine the association between the number of dexamethasone doses (1 vs &gt;1) and outcomes (length of stay [LOS], cost, and 30-day same-cause reuse). All multivariable analyses included a site-specific random effect to account for clustering within hospital and were adjusted for age, sex, race and ethnicity, presenting severity, medical complexity, insurance, caregiver education, and hospital. In cost analyses, we controlled for LOS.

RESULTS
Among 234 children hospitalized with croup, patient characteristics did not differ by number of doses. The proportion receiving &gt;1 dose varied by hospital (range 27.9%–57.1%). In adjusted analyses, &gt;1 dose was not associated with same-cause reuse (odds ratio 0.87 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.26 to 2.95]) but was associated with 45% longer LOS (relative risk = 1.45 [95% CI: 1.30 to 1.62]). When we controlled for LOS, &gt;1 dose was not associated with differential cost ($−31.2 [95% CI $−424.4 to $362.0]). Eighty-two (35%) children received dexamethasone before presentation.

CONCLUSIONS
We found significant interhospital variation in dexamethasone dosing and LOS. When we controlled for severity on presentation, &gt;1 dexamethasone dose was associated with longer LOS but not reuse. Although incomplete adjustment for severity is one possible explanation, some providers may routinely keep children hospitalized to administer multiple dexamethasone doses.
Cinsel İstismar Girdabı: İstismarın Özellikleri (Tipi, Fail-Mağdur Yakınlığı, Mağdurların Psikolojik Tepkileri), Ebeveynlerin Tutumları ve İstismarcıların Davranışları (Grooming Metotları)
Authors: Gönültaş Burak Miraç 
Published: December 2021

Aim: This study aims to analyze (n=175) sexual abuse cases conducted in Istanbul between 2009-2012 by making use of a qualitative method and to describe characteristics of the cases, the attitudes of the parents and the methods of grooming of the abusers by making a holistic assessment.
Materials and Methods: Qualitative analysis method was used in this study. For data, the document analysis procedure according to the Journal Article Reporting Standards for Qualitative Research (JARS-Qual) standards and the research design recommended by the American Psychological Association were followed. A coding table was constructed and data were analyzed through coding table.
Results: The victims (n=202) were mostly girls and average age was 11.4. They were mostly exposed to penetration-related abuse (52%). The abusers were mostly from intimates of the victim (57%). Most of the abuses took place at the perpetrator's home or in a place he/she knew (65,8%). The majority of parents learned about the abuse during the investigation (56%). Abusers applied to methods such as promises, bribes, threats, coercion to approach children and become physically closest. Bribes, warnings and threats were used to prevent the child from disclosing it after the abuse (70%).
Conclusion: Children appear to be quite vulnerable due to a number of circumstances before and after the case of abuse. This vulnerability leads them to be exposed into the act of abuse, and prevents them from disclosing the abuse. The conditions leading to vulnerability have been assessed as a whole and defined as a “sexual abuse whirlpool”.
Wound Myiasis in Diabetic Foot Ulcer: Calliphoridae and Sar-cophagidae Family
Authors: Tileklioğlu Evren , Yildiz İbrahim , Kozan Fürüzan Bozkurt , Malatyali Erdoğan , Ertuğrul Mustafa Bülent , Ertabaklar Hatice 
Published: November 2021

Background: Myiasis is a parasitic infestation of tissues or body cavities of mammals with dipterous larvae. The patients with diabetic foot ulcers are more vulnerable to acquiring infestation; however, the infestation may be neglected and mistreated in some cases.
Methods: Data were collected of twelve myiasis cases with diabetic foot ulcers in Nazli-Selim Eren Chronic Wound and Infections Care Unit, Aydin, Turkey between 2017 and 2019. Demographic, clinical characteristics of the patients and clinical examination of the wound were recorded. To morphology-based identification method of the agents, the developmental stages of the maggots were examined.
Results: The cases aged between 46 and 81 years (10 males, two females). Eight of the larvae collected from wounds had Calliphoridae and four had Sarcophagidae family. The larvae were infested right/left foot sole, thumb, ankle, and mostly left toes. The number of larvae collected from the cases ranged from 2 to 48. Third-stage larvae (L3) were mostly detected. Mixed (L1-L2, L2-L3) larvae were detected in a patient. The infestations were more common in July and August. According to the score of Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), ten (83%) cases had moderate and two (17%) cases were mild diabetic foot infections (DFIs).
Conclusion: Diabetic foot ulcers should be evaluated in terms of myiasis. This was the first study in our province indicating that myiasis should not be neglected and different species of flies were responsible for myiasis cases.
Impact of Early Treatment with High-Dose Intravenous Immunoglobulin on Incidence of Kawasaki Disease Complications in Iranian Children
Authors: Karimi Yazdi Alireza , Akbariasbagh Parvin , Aghighi Yahya , Raeeskarami Seyyed Reza , Toomaj Khadije , Heidari Sahar , Alamdari Shahnaz , Sahebi Leyla 
Published: November 2021

Objective: Kawasaki disease (KD) occurs in five-year-old or younger children. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin plus acetylsalicylic acid therapy on the prevention and treatment of coronary artery lesions and to evaluate the impact of high-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on the hearing of the patients.
Materials and methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 31 patients with KD were followed from January 2012 to December 2015. The clinical, para-clinical, color Doppler echocardiogram and audiometry results were evaluated.
Results: Overall, seven cases (22.6%) developed coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) in the acute phase of the disease, of whom only two still had CAA at the end of the treatment (6%). One of the five children with CAA recovery had a delay in the onset of treatment and one of two patients with persistent CAA at the end of treatment was admitted within the first 10 days. There was no evidence-based abnormal liver biochemical test. None of the patients developed sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) on audiometry tests conducted before and after treatment.
Conclusion: Recovery of coronary artery lesions was 71.43% after 28 days of the onset of treatment. The distribution of coronary artery aneurysm was not different in terms of the time of the treatment initiation (P-Value = 0.371). None of the children had a sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) 48 hours and 4 weeks after treatment.
Linking ages – un/doing age and family in the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Höppner Grit , Wanka Anna , Endter Cordula 
Published: November 2021

Objective: In this paper we ask how and through which social practices age and family are relationally being un/done in the course of the pandemic in Germany, and how these un/doings shape, shift or even break intergenerational relations.
Background: The spread of the coronavirus and the attempts of governments to slow it down are severely affecting livelihoods worldwide. The institutionalised ageism underlying these government measures affects the youngest and oldest in society in particular (Ayalon et al. 2020; van Dyk et al. 2020). Intergenerational relations of social reproduction enacted, inter alia, through practices of eldercare, grandparenting, or voluntary work, are significantly limited in the current pandemic, as older adults are framed as an 'at-risk group', children as 'silent transmitters', and young adults as a 'risky group' (Ayalon et al. 2020; Stokes & Patterson 2020). These constructions contribute to the constitution, stabilisation and 'doing' of age in the pandemic.
Method: We present findings from longitudinal research that was conducted through qualitative, problem-centred interviews between March 2020 and February 2021 with persons of different ages living in different household and care constellations in Germany.
Results: Whereas in non-pandemic times doing age can be constitutive for doing family – as a constellation traditionally perceived to comprise multiple generations – we see the opposite happening in the pandemic: as age-based government measures to contain the spread of the virus limit intergenerational relations, older adults face the risk of being excluded from families. Hence, doing age can lead to a redoing or even an undoing of family.
Conclusion: The paper outlines the potential of a 'linking ages' approach for the study of family lives and of intergenerational relations in times of crises.
DEVELOPMENT OF ILLUSTRATION BOOK ON DENTAL AND ORAL HEALTHY IN CHILDREN (COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT)
Authors: Robyana Zhara , Chandra Adellia Monica , Sinaredi Betadion Rizki , Bramantoro Taufan 
Published: November 2021

Background: Dental caries is a disease that affects all ages, including early childhood. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the incidence of dental caries in Indonesian children aged 5 and 6 years in 2017-2018 reached 70% or more. Parental education in dental health from an early age plays a vital role. One of the easy-to-understand educational media is a picture book. Aim: This engagement activity was conducted to increase parental participation in the development of a picture book to meet the needs of dental health education for early childhood at Omah Cilik Fundaycare Surabaya Method: This activity was an online educational activity involving parents. It was a sharing session between participants and informants about early childhood dental and oral health problems. The increased participation of participants was assessed using a Google form when the activity was going on. Results: This activity revealed that 100% of participants were enthusiastic about getting the latest information about children's oral health, and more than 70% had the correct answers. Conclusion: Participants are quite enthusiastic and active during online discussions.
The effects of mixing slurry water with type III gypsum on setting time, compressive strength and dimensional stability
Authors: Br Nainggolan Chindy Fransiska , Putranti Dwi Tjahyaning 
Published: November 2021

Background: Type III gypsum is a material used to make dental master casts. It may be added to an accelerator, such as slurry water, to shorten setting time. Calcium sulphate in slurry water may affect setting time, compressive strength and dimensional stability. Purpose: The study evaluated the effect of slurry water on the setting time, compressive strength and dimensional stability of type III gypsum. Methods: Eighty-one samples were made of type III gypsum, divided into three groups: group A was gypsum mixed with 1% slurry water, group B, gypsum mixed with 2% slurry water and group C, gypsum mixed with distilled water. Each sample was formed using a standardised master mould. For testing setting time, a cylindrical mould 25 mm in diameter and height was used; for compressive strength testing, the cylindrical mould was 20 mm in diameter and 40 mm in height; and for dimensional stability testing, a pair of cylindrical, ruled block and mould were used. Setting time was tested using Vicat’s apparatus; compressive strength was tested using a universal testing machine; and dimensional stability was tested using digital callipers. The data were analysed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and least significant difference (LSD) tests. Results: One-way ANOVA and LSD tests showed significant differences in the effect of slurry water on the setting time, compressive strength and dimensional stability of type III gypsum (p<0.05). Conclusion: The use of slurry water can shorten setting time, decrease compressive strength and increase dimensional change of type III gypsum.
Data mining and socio-spatial patterns of COVID-19: geo-prevention keys for tackling the pandemic
Authors: De Cos Guerra Olga , Castillo Salcines Valentín , Cantarero Prieto David 
Published: December 2021

A geographic perspective is essential in tackling COVID-19. This research study is framed in the collaboration project set up by the University of Cantabria, the Valdecilla Hospital Research Institute (IDIVAL) and the Regional Government of Cantabria. The case study is the Santander functional urban area (FUA), which is considered from a multi-scale perspective. The main source is the daily records of micro-data on COVID-19 cases and the methodology is based on ESRI geo-technologies, and more specifically on a tool called SITAR (a Spanish acronym which stands for Fast-Action Territorial Information System). The main goal is to analyse and contribute to knowledge of the spatial patterns of COVID-19 at neighbourhood level from a space-time perspective. To that end the research is based on data mining methods (3D bins and emerging hot-spots) and exploratory geo-statistical analysis (Global Moran’s Index, Nearest Neighbourhood and Ordinary Least Square analyses, among others). The study identifies space-time patterns that show significant hot-spots and demonstrates a high presence of the virus at building level in neighbourhoods where residential and economic uses are mixed. Knowing the spatial behaviour of the virus is strategically important for proposing geo-prevention keys, reducing spread and balancing trade-offs between potential health gains and economic burdens resulting from interventions to deal with the pandemic.
Social Network Characteristics and Smoking Index Among Smoking Cessation Outpatients in Kunming’s Grade-A Tertiary Hospitals in China: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study
Authors: Zeng Rui , Ai Li , Yuan Yang , Cao Yu , Chen Ke-Li , Li Ran , He Xiao-Jie , Hai Bing 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
IntroductionThe success rate of smoking cessation outpatients remains modest. Previous studies have highlighted the importance of social networks for quitting smoking, yet there is a substantial lack of studies examining participants in outpatient smoking cessation programs, especially regarding their smoking index.AimWe aimed to identify the associations between the social network characteristics of smoking cessation outpatients and their smoking indexes. The association was analyzed with participants in Grade-A Tertiary Hospitals in Kunming, the capital of Yunnan province in China.MethodsA multicenter cross-sectional survey was conducted in Kunming in six randomly sampled Grade-A tertiary hospitals. Participants included 351 smoking cessation outpatients who provided data on cigarette smoking and social networks. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between social network characteristics and smoking index across outpatients. Strong associations were identified using adjusted odds ratios and a 95% confidence interval.ResultsLarge network size (AOR=1.79, 95%CI=0.99, 3.86), having children (AOR = 6.35, 95%CI = 2.26, 19.86), and at least one highly influential person in the network (AOR = 2.74, 95% CI =1.13, 7.01)were all associated with the risk of a high smoking index. However, having drinking friends (AOR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.14, 0.56), non-smoking and non-drinking friends in the network (AOR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.21, 0.88), and a network member who provided health advice (AOR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.11, 1.35) were associated with a lower risk of a high smoking index.The results were sustained even after adjusting for demographic details.ConclusionsThe study findings suggest the importance of social network characteristics for smoking cessation physicians when formulating a personalized smoking cessation plan for outpatients.
Bioinspired Polypyrrole based Fibrillary Artificial Muscle with Actuation and Intrinsic Sensing Capabilities
Authors: Beregoi Mihaela , Beaumont Samuel , Evanghelidis Alexandru , Otero Toribio F. , Enculescu Ionut 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Artificial muscles comprise a bunch of materials, composites and devices performing a similar behavior to biological muscles, since a mechanical actuation is produced while consuming a certain amount of energy. However, in order to mimic the multiple simultaneous functionalities of the natural muscles, i.e. the proprioception, new devices should be designed. A non-conventional, bioinspired device based on polypyrrole coated electrospun fibrous microstructures, which works simultaneously as artificial muscle and mechanical sensor is reported. A simple fabrication algorithm based on electrospinning, sputtering deposition and electrochemical polymerization produced electroactive aligned ribbon meshes with analogous characteristics as natural muscle fibers. These can simultaneously produce a movement (by applying an electric current/potential) and sense the effort of holding weights (by measuring the potential/current while holding objects up to 24 mg). The amplitude of the movement decreases by increasing the load, a behavior similar with natural muscles. Moreover, when different weights were hanged on the device, it senses the load modification, demonstrating a sensitivity of about 6 mV/mg for oxidation and 3 mV/mg for reduction. These results are important since simultaneous actuation and sensitivity are essential for complex activity. Such devices with multiple functionalities can open new possibilities of applications as smart prosthesis or lifelike robots.
Breastfeeding by Human Milk Significantly Increases the Expression of TLR4, TNF-α, CCL2, and CCL3 in the Prepuce Tissue of Neonates
Authors: Behfar Shadi , Nazari Alireza , Yousefi-Ahmadipour Aliakbar , Pourmasoumi Soheila , Sayadi Ahmadreza , Arababadi Mohammad Kazemi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Innate immunity significantly participates in the tissue repair process. It has been documented that breastfeeding may alter immune responses. Thus, this project was designed to evaluate the effects of breastfeeding on the levels of TLR1-4, TNF-α, TGF-β, CCL2, and CCL3 in the prepuce tissue of neonates.Material and methods: This project was performed on the 90 samples (45 cases with breastfeeding and 45 cases without breastfeeding) of prepuce tissue of neonates. The tissues were homogenized and mRNA levels of TLR1-4 and protein levels of TNF-α, TGF-β, CCL2, and CCL3 were evaluated by Real-Time PCR and ELISA techniques, respectively.Results: Protein levels of TNF-α, CCL2, and CCL3 and mRNA levels of TLR4 were significantly decreased in the cases without breastfeeding when compared to the neonates with breastfeeding. There was a significant negative correlation between duration of pregnancy and mRNA levels of TLR1 in the neonates without breastfeeding.Conclusion: Due to the results, breastfeeding can modulate the expression of TLR4 and its related cytokines/chemokines to improve its wound healing and fight against pathogens.
Goal Attainment Scaling as an Outcome Measure for Randomised Controlled Trials: A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Logan Benignus , Jegatheesan Dev K , Viecelli Andrea K , Pascoe Elaine , Hubbard Ruth E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) is an individualised outcome measure which can be used in research settings to assess achievement of participant-important priorities and goals. METHODS: A systematic scoping review was completed with the objective of: (1) Identifying the healthcare settings in which GAS has been used as an outcome measure. (2) Describing how GAS has been implemented by researchers in those trials. PubMed, CENTRAL, EMBASE and PsycINFO were searched without limits from their inceptions to 1 September 2021 for randomised controlled trials conducted in healthcare settings where GAS was used as an outcome measure for adults. Two reviewers independently completed both the screening and data extraction, with a third adjudicating conflicts. RESULTS: Of 1,764 articles screened, 37 studies were included. Most trials (86%) were solely undertaken in outpatient settings. They were frequently conducted within the disciplines of rehabilitation (57%), geriatric medicine (24%) and neurology (11%). Sample sizes ranged from 8 to 468, with a mean of 84 participants. GAS was a primary outcome measure in 38% of studies. There were inconsistencies between trials in the use of scales and the calculation of GAS scores. Implementation aspects such as the personnel involved, the training provided, and calibration and review mechanisms, were heterogeneously and scarcely reported. CONCLUSIONS: GAS has been used as an outcome measure across a wide range of disciplines and trial settings. However, there are inconsistencies in how it has been applied and implemented. Developing a cross-disciplinary practical guide to support a degree of standardisation in its implementation may be beneficial in increasing the reliability and comparability of trial results.
Experience with Flaps After Resection of Vulvar Carcinoma: A Case Series
Authors: Zhang Jiaqi , Zhang Jian , Liu Meng , Ge Jun , Xiao Xiaolian , Su Zheng , Chen Chen , Shi Fen , Wang Yongzhen , Liang Weiqiang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: A defect caused by the radical resection of vulvar cancer requires repair with flap transplantation or vulvoplasty. Therefore, the aim of this study is to present a review of our practice of post-surgical defect reconstruction in cases using different skin flaps.Methods: An observational study was performed among 26 patients with vulvar cancer who were admitted to Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital between February 2015 and February 2020 for surgical and reconstructive procedures. Clinical data of these 26 patients were analyzed. All patients underwent radical resection of vulvar cancer, followed by the repair of post-surgical defects by random flap or axial flap transplantation (even for very complex defects).Results: Among the 26 cases in this study, all patients received 38 soft tissue reconstruction procedures for vulvar perineal defects during the study period. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most commonly diagnosed cancer (80.8%). The average size of the defect was 9.3 ´ 7 cm2. Rhomboid flaps were the most commonly used flaps for performing reconstruction in both the primary and recurrent groups. Poor wound healing was the most commonly discovered complication that occurred in 3 of the 38 flaps (7.9%) used. Previous surgery or radiotherapy did not increase the rate of complications after proper reconstruction was performed.Conclusion: Expanding resection is an effective technique for treating vulvar cancer. Different skin flaps, are effective premium options for post-surgical defect reconstruction, and selective use of skin flaps for treating vulvar defects preserves the vulvar morphology and allows for relatively better functionality.