bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Next of kin’s Reactions to Results of Functional Neurodiagnostics of Disorders of Consciousness: a Question of Information Delivery or of Differing Epistemic Beliefs?
Authors: Kuehlmeyer Katja , Bender Andreas , Jox Ralf J. , Racine Eric , Ruhfass Maria , Schembs Leah 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOur recent publication in Neuroethics re-constructed the perspectives of family caregivers of patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) on functional neurodiagnostics (Schembs et al., Neuroethics, 2020). Two papers criticized some of our methodological decisions (Peterson, Neuroethics, 2020; Andersen et al., Neuroethics, 2020) and commented on some conclusions. In this commentary, we would like to further explain our methodological decisions. Despite the limitations of our findings, which we readily acknowledged, we continue to think they entail valid hypotheses that need further investigation. We conclude that some caregivers with high hopes for the recovery of their loved ones with DOC will most likely not consider results of functional neuroimaging as guiding information for treatment decisions, despite efforts taken to deliver information to them. Caregivers of that type might argue that such test-results are not a reliable source of information for the judgement of whether their loved one is likely going to recover or not (prognosis). We introduce the concept of epistemic beliefs to formulate this hypothesis and suggest that future qualitative studies in this area should be aware of such beliefs when investigating the effects of functional neurodiagnostics on knowledge communication and shared decision making for patients with DOC.
Socio-Economic Status, Mental Health Difficulties and Feelings about Transition to Secondary School among 10–11 Year Olds in Wales: Multi-Level Analysis of a Cross Sectional Survey
Authors: Moore Graham , Angel Lianna , Brown Rachel , van Godwin Jordan , Hallingberg Britt , Rice Frances 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTransition between primary and secondary school represents an important milestone in young people’s development. While most young people look forward to this transition, it is a source of anxiety for many. Drawing on a nationally representative survey of 2218 children in 73 schools in Wales, this study aimed to understand the extent to which 10–11 year old children worried about and/or looked forward to their imminent transition to secondary school, the things they worried about and/or looked forward to, and how feelings about transition differed by socioeconomic status, as well as by emotional and behavioural difficulties. About a third of children reported being quite or very worried about transition to secondary school, while approximately two-thirds reported looking forward to it quite a bit or very much. These items were only moderately correlated, with many children both looking forward to and worrying about transition, or neither. Major sources of worry about transition centred around bullying and impact on existing friendships, while forming new friendships or joining existing friends in their new school were key things children looked forward to. Children from poorer backgrounds, attending poorer schools and reporting more emotional difficulties were significantly more likely to report worries about transition. Children from poorer families, and children reporting more emotional difficulties and behavioural difficulties, were less likely to look forward to transition. Interventions to support children in transition to secondary school need to be sensitive to the needs of children from poorer backgrounds and children with mental health difficulties.
Foundations of Fatou Theory and a Tribute to the Work of E. M. Stein on Boundary Behavior of Holomorphic Functions
Authors: Di Biase Fausto , Krantz Steven G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe lay the foundations of Fatou theory in one and several complex variables. We describe the main contributions contained in E. M. Stein’s bookBoundary Behavior of Holomorphic Functions, published in 1972 and still a source of inspiration. We also give an account of his contributions to the study of the boundary behavior of harmonic functions. The point of this paper is not simply to exposit well-known ideas. Rather, we completely reorganize the subject in order to bring out the profound contributions of E. M. Stein to the study of the boundary behavior both of holomorphic and harmonic functions in one and several variables. In an appendix, we provide a self-contained proof of a new result which is relevant to the differentiation of integrals, a topic which, as witnessed in Stein’s work, and especially by the aforementioned book, has deep connections with the boundary behavior of harmonic and holomorphic functions.
Importance of performance status and physical activity in cancer patients
Authors: Kiesl David 
Published: March 2021

SummaryBackgroundThis review summarizes current data on the effects of exercise interventions and physical activity in cancer prevention, treatment and related side effect management, as well as on the rehabilitation of cancer patients.Patients and methodsThe overall quality of patient studies is still poor due to methodological limitations. Major limitations of the interventional exercise studies conducted include their designs, with regard to missing randomization or the absence of control groups, and the use of heterogeneous assessment methods to quantify and objectify physical activity. As a result, there are no specific exercise recommendations in cancer patients as yet that would essentially differ from exercise recommendations for healthy subjects. Nevertheless, due to major findings and empirical data, the field of research into exercise- and physical activity-related effects on disease and therapy-associated aspects is young and rapidly emerging.ConclusionExercise potentially contributes to the prevention and rehabilitation of cancer and represents a powerful tool in the prevention of various side effects under chemotherapy. Current data from interventional studies show preliminary positive effects for diverse movement programs and especially through specific combinations of endurance and resistance training. Additional randomized controlled trials with standardized assessments and controlling for potential confounders are needed to confirm and expand these findings.
Spatial ecology of the stone marten in an Alpine area: combining camera-trapping and genetic surveys
Authors: Balestrieri A. , Mosini A. , Fonda F. , Piana M. , Tirozzi P. , Ruiz-González A. , Capelli E. , Vergara M. , Chueca L. J. , Chiatante G. , Movalli C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA species’ potential distribution can be modelled adequately only if no factor other than habitat availability affects its occurrences. Space use by stone martenMartes foinais likely to be affected by interspecific competition with the strictly related pine martenMartes martes, the latter being able to outcompete the first species in forested habitats. Hence, to point out the environmental factors which determine the distribution and density of the stone marten, a relatively understudied mesocarnivore, we applied two non-invasive survey methods, camera-trapping and faecal-DNA based genetic analysis, in an Alpine area where the pine marten was deemed to be absent (Val Grande National Park N Italy). Camera trapping was conducted from October 2014 to November 2015, using up to 27 cameras. Marten scats were searched for between July and November 2015 and, to assess density, in spring 2017. Species identification was accomplished by a PCR-RFLP method, while 17 autosomal microsatellites were used for individual identification. The stone marten occurred in all available habitats (83% of trapping sites and 73.2% of scats); nonetheless, habitat suitability, as assessed using MaxEnt, depended on four major land cover variables—rocky grasslands, rocks and debris, beech forests and chestnut forests—, martens selecting forests and avoiding open rocky areas. Sixteen individuals were identified, of which 14 related to each other, possibly forming six different groups. Using capwire estimators, density was assessed as 0.95 (0.7–1.3) ind/km2. In the study area, the widespread stone marten selected forested areas, attaining density values like those reported for the pine marten in northern Europe and suggesting that patterns of habitat selection may depend on the relative abundance of the two competing martens.
Influence of welding stresses on relief cracking during heat treatment of a creep-resistant 13CrMoV steel Part III: assessment of residual stresses from small-scale to real component welds
Authors: Schroepfer D. , Kromm A. , Lausch T. , Rhode M. , Wimpory R. C. , Kannengiesser T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFor higher operational temperatures and pressures required in petrochemical plants, the modified 13CrMoV9-10 steel was developed providing high resistance against creep and compressed hydrogen. Extreme care during the welding procedure is necessary for this steel, attributed to low toughness, high strength in as-welded state, and increased susceptibility to stress relief cracking (SRC) during post-weld heat treatment (PWHT). Previous research of SRC in creep-resistant steels discussed mainly thermal and metallurgical factors. Few previous findings addressed the influences of welding procedure on crack formation during PWHT considering real-life manufacturing conditions. These investigations focus on effects of welding heat control on stresses during welding and subsequent PWHT operations close to realistic restraint and heat dissipation conditions using a special 3D testing facility, which was presented in parts I and II of this contribution. Part III addresses investigations on residual stress evolution affecting crack formation and discusses the transferability of results from large-scale testing to laboratory-scale. Experiments with test set-ups at different scales under diverse rigidity conditions and an assessment of the residual stresses of the weld-specimens using X-ray (surface near) and neutron diffraction analysis (bulk) were performed. This study aims to provide a way of investigating the SRC behaviour considering component-specific residual stresses via small-scale testing concepts instead of expensive weld mock-ups.
Perception of Substance Use Disorder Training: a Survey of General Psychiatry Residents in Nigeria
Authors: Chikezie Eze U. , Ebuenyi Ikenna D. , Allagoa Erefagha Leonardo P. , Onyeka Ifeoma N. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective
Substance use disorder (SUD) is a global concern. Evidence from high-income countries suggests that SUD training for psychiatry residents is less than optimal but it is unknown whether the situation is different in low-/middle-income settings. This study assessed psychiatry residents’ perception of their SUD training.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among general psychiatry residents in Nigeria from November 2018 to May 2019. Data were collected through self-completion of an English-language questionnaire with multiple-choice and open-ended questions administered face-to-face and online.

Results
A total of 51 participants completed the questionnaire, mean age 33.6 years and 76.5% men. Most participants (70.6%) expressed interest in addiction psychiatry, and 47.1% perceived their SUD training as inadequate. When asked to rate satisfaction with the SUD training they have received so far, 52.9% were unsatisfied, and the absence of in-house SUD training (29.4%) was the leading cause of dissatisfaction. For those who were satisfied, the most common reasons were availability of SUD training and treatment-related factors (31.4%). The most frequent suggestions for making addiction psychiatry subspecialty attractive to psychiatry residents were provision of SUD treatment units, structured SUD training, and continuity of such training. Equipping existing SUD treatment units and creating more treatment units were the most common suggestions for improving current SUD training.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated a high level of interest in addiction psychiatry, but satisfaction with SUD training was mixed. Addressing causes of dissatisfaction and areas suggested for improvement would be necessary to sustain interest.
Global Chang’s Conjecture and singular cardinals
Authors: Eskew Monroe , Hayut Yair 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe investigate the possibilities of global versions of Chang’s Conjecture that involve singular cardinals. We show some $$\mathrm{ZFC} $$
ZFC
limitations on such principles and prove relative to large cardinals that Chang’s Conjecture can consistently hold between all pairs of limit cardinals below $$\aleph _{\omega ^\omega }$$

ℵ

ω
ω

.
Statistical methods for the analysis of thermal images obtained from corn seeds
Authors: Rojas-Lima José Ernesto , Domínguez-Pacheco Arturo , Hernández-Aguilar Claudia , Hernández-Simón Luis Manuel , Cruz-Orea Alfredo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDuring the last decades, digital image processing algorithms have been developed to measure external characteristics of agricultural products due to the great potential that these methods offer. So, in this research, the thermal images obtained from a thermographic camera were analysed considering two genotypes of maize seeds: crystalline and floury in their natural state, previously irradiated with a laser light source of 650 nm for exposure times of 15 s and 35 s. The methods applied in the analysis were: a) histogram to obtain the distribution of gray levels of images, b) mean value that indicates the brightness of images, c) variance which means the contrast of images, d) entropy applying both Shannon and Tsallis definitions, which provide the average self-information of images, e) estimation of the probability density of temperature variations on seeds to quantitatively characterize them from thermal images. Higher mean and variance were obtained from crystalline seeds indicating higher brightness and contrast. Furthermore, thermal images of floury seeds had higher entropy of Shannon indicating that images had greater disorder with respect to images of crystalline seeds. In the case of the entropy of Tsallis, the entropic index q could be used for characterization of seeds. Thermal images obtained from seeds with a floury structure provided a higher redundancy value for a shorter exposure time to laser light. Thus, the viability of the statistical methods of digital image processing applied to thermal imaging for the characterization of seeds is shown.
Evaluation of the status of land use/land cover change using remote sensing and GIS in Jewha Watershed, Northeastern Ethiopia
Authors: Habte Dereje Gebrie , Belliethathan Satishkumar , Ayenew Tenalem 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEvaluation of land use/land cover (LULC) status of watersheds is vital to environmental management. This study was carried out in Jewha watershed, which is found in the upper Awash River basin of central Ethiopia. The total catchment area is 502 km2. All climatic zones of Ethiopia, including lowland arid (‘Kola’), midland semi-arid (‘Woinadega’), humid highland (Dega) and afro alpine (‘Wurch’) can be found in the watershed. The study focused on LULC classification and change detection using GIS and remote sensing techniques by analyzing satellite images. The data preprocessing and post-process was done using multi-temporal spectral satellite data. The images were used to evaluate the temporal trends of the LULC class by considering the years 1984, 1995, 2005 and 2015. Accuracy assessment and change detection of the classification were undertaken by accounting these four years images. The land use types in the study area were categorized into six classes: natural forest, plantation forest, cultivated land, shrub land, grass land and bare land. The result shows the cover classes which has high environmental role such as forest and shrub has decreased dramatically through time with cultivated land increasing during the same period in the watershed. The forest cover in 1984 was about 6.5% of the total catchment area, and it had decreased to 4.2% in 2015. In contrast, cultivated land increased from 38.7% in 1984 to 51% in 2015. Shrub land decreased from 28 to 18% in the same period. Bare land increased due to high gully formation in the catchment. In 1984, it was 1.8% which turned to 0.6% in 1995 then increased in 2015 to 2.7%. Plantation forest was not detected in 1984. In 1995, it covers 1.5% which turned to be the same in 2015. The study clearly demonstrated that there are significant changes of land use and land cover in the catchment. The findings will allow making informed decision which will allow better land use management and environmental conservation interventions.
Cultural Differences in the Hedonic Rewards of Recalling Kindness: Priming Cultural Identity with Language
Authors: Shin Lilian J. , Margolis Seth M. , Walsh Lisa C. , Kwok Sylvia Y. C. L. , Yue Xiaodong , Chan Chi-Keung , Siu Nicolson Yat-Fan , Sheldon Kennon M. , Lyubomirsky Sonja 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRecent theory suggests that members of interdependent (collectivist) cultures prioritize in-group happiness, whereas members of independent (individualist) cultures prioritize personal happiness (Uchida et al.Journal of Happiness Studies,5(3), 223–239 Uchida et al., 2004). Thus, the well-being of friends and family may contribute more to the emotional experience of individuals with collectivist rather than individualist identities. We tested this hypothesis by asking participants to recall a kind act they had done to benefit either close others (e.g., family members) or distant others (e.g., strangers). Study 1 primed collectivist and individualist cultural identities by asking bicultural undergraduates (N = 357) from Hong Kong to recall kindnesses towards close versus distant others in both English and Chinese, while Study 2 compared university students in the USA (n = 106) and Hong Kong (n = 93). In Study 1, after being primed with the Chinese language (but not after being primed with English), participants reported significantly improved affect valence after recalling kind acts towards friends and family than after recalling kind acts towards strangers. Extending this result, in Study 2, respondents from Hong Kong (but not the USA) who recalled kind acts towards friends and family showed higher positive affect than those who recalled kind acts towards strangers. These findings suggest that people with collectivist cultural identities may have relatively more positive and less negative emotional experiences when they focus on prosocial interactions with close rather than weak ties.
Tourist species bias estimates of extrapolated species density in dispersive taxa: a case study from a litter beetle assemblage in temperate woodland
Authors: Eggleton Paul , Smith Jo , Holdsworth Sholto , Inward Kelly , Carpenter Dan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractExtrapolative nonparametric estimators of species density are commonly used in community ecology. However, they are dependent on either (1) their use on non-dispersive taxa, or (2) the ability to separate tourists from residents in dispersive taxa. We undertook ten years of leaf litter sampling in an ancient woodland in the New Forest, Southern England. We identified all the beetles from those samples and assigned them a residency status (residents, stratum tourists, and habitat tourists). Extrapolations, using the Chao 2, first- and second-order jackknife, and bootstrap approaches, of all sampled beetles all showed large overestimates of species richness when compared with extrapolations based on just residents. We recommend that the estimators should be used with caution as estimates of actual species density for dispersive taxa unless the natural history of most species in a community is well known. This applies especially to tropical ecosystems where many species have not been described. This reinforces the need for more descriptive natural history.
How a humanities background provides real value in cyber security
Authors: Morgan Trevor 
Published: March 2021

When you think of the technology industry generally, and in particular the cyber security vertical market, it often conjures up the image of hoodie-wearing software engineers working through the night, making arcane references to code. Or perhaps it's the frantic sound of typing on keyboards echoing throughout dark smoky rooms illuminated only by pale green light, possibly something reminiscent of The Matrix. The idea that only students of the hard sciences can contribute to the technology industry may prove to be detrimental to companies seeking qualified and experienced talent. By encouraging people from a liberal arts and humanities background to join the cyber security field, not only will we be driving key skills towards the industry, we will also be doing more to promote inclusivity and equality. As Trevor Morgan of comforte AG explains, every facet of the humanities has the ability to imbue future cyber security experts with critically desired soft skills.
A simple method for drag estimation for wedge-like fairings in hypersonic flow
Authors: Kshitij A. , Prince S.A. , Stollery J.L. , Ricón F. de la P. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTThe addition of wedge-like fairings onto the side of missiles and space launch vehicles, to shield devices such as cameras and reaction jet nozzles, creates additional drag, particularly when in supersonic and hypersonic freestream flow. An experimental and computational study was performed to obtain aerodynamic data on simple representative configurations to test the accuracy of simple theories for the drag increment due to these types of fairings. A semi-empirical method to estimate drag on wedge-shaped projections is presented, which may be used by missile designers to provide predictions of the drag increment due to wedge-like fairings. The method is shown to be valid where the wedge width is much smaller than body diameter, and across the Mach number range 4–8.2 but is likely to be valid for higher Mach numbers. Drag coefficient is found to increase with increasing wedge angle and reducing wedge slenderness, although increasing slenderness tends to increase skin friction drag.
Long-term Care Utilization Discrepancy Among the Elderly in Former Evacuation Areas, Fukushima
Authors: Kobashi Yurie , Morita Tomohiro , Ozaki Akihiko , Sawano Toyoaki , Moriyama Nobuaki , Ito Naomi , Tsubokura Masaharu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjective:It is crucial to determine the health status of returnees to former evacuation areas. We aimed to examine the long-term care (LTC) utilization rate among elderly returnees as the indicator of care needs.Methods:This study used a resident registration database to collect information on LTC utilization rate among elderly returnees to former evacuation areas in Fukushima, Japan, following the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. LTC utilization rates were descriptively analyzed.Results:For all age groups, the LTC utilization rates were lower among returnees than evacuees. The LTC utilization rate among returnees in each age group (chi-square test results compared to evacuees) were as follows: 0.78% (P = 0.194) for those aged 65–69, 0.69% (P = 0.003) for those aged 70–74, 3.23% (P = 0.007) for those aged 75–79, 6.79% (P < 0.001) for those aged 80–84, 22.84% (P = 0.011) for those aged 85–89, and 44.09% (P = 0.089) for those aged 90 and over.Conclusion:Elderly returnees had fewer LTC needs than elderly evacuees. Nevertheless, the proportion of aging people is high in evacuation area, meaning the number of elderly returnees would increase at an enormous rate. Therefore, LTC utilization rate would increase in the future.