bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IOCD turns 40
Authors: Rosei Federico , Matlin Stephen A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The International Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development (IOCD) passes an important milestone in 2021, as 1 July marked the 40th anniversary of its launch at a meeting hosted by UNESCO in Paris in 1981. Registered in Belgium, IOCD was originally established as the first non-governmental organization to focus on the need to develop opportunities for chemists in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) to progress professionally and work on projects of relevance to the development of their countries and regions [1].
IUPAC Top Ten Emerging Technologies in Chemistry 2021
Authors: Gomollón-Bel Fernando 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
IUPAC thrives to boost the impact of chemistry around the world. Recently, it established a new initiative—the Top Ten Emerging Technologies in Chemistry—to showcase the tremendous importance of the chemical sciences by highlighting developments on the verge of becoming game-changing commercial breakthroughs [1]. Some have been truly transformational for our society, such as RNA vaccines and rapid tests, both key technologies to enable a smooth transition to the new normal after the COVID-19 pandemic. This year, the Top Ten efforts continue—featuring a brand-new logo and further actions to disseminate and promote the project beyond this publication. The new selection of emerging technologies gathers both well-established, high-technology readiness level (TRL) applications and ground-breaking opportunities for the chemical industry. Of course, many of them still address the ongoing coronavirus crisis, focusing on new pharmaceutical solutions to prevent the spread of pathogens like SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, many tackle the climate crisis and provide new roadmaps to achieve the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) [2]. The consequences of global warming are here—heatwaves, floods, and wildfires devastate our planet constantly. Chemistry will provide pivotal tools towards a sustainable future [3], many included in this singular selection. IUPAC experts have selected the Top Ten Emerging Technologies in Chemistry 2021—ten ideas to catalyse industrial innovations and transform our world.
A study on the construction technology of the Seljuk minarets in Isfahan with focus on their geometric brick pattern
Authors: Safaeianpour Ali , Valibeig Nima 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Using decorative elements is an inseparable aspect of Iranian architecture. Architectural ornaments in many buildings, including the minarets, represent the architect’s craftsmanship. As such, the minarets in Isfahan have different types of brickwork ornamentations, such as 90-degree herringbone (Khofteh-Rasteh), basket weave bond (Hasiri), and other complex types. Additionally, the highest minarets are usually constructed in a truncated conical shape to reduce their overall weight and ameliorate their stability against the wind, and lateral forces. Therefore, while the geometric integrity of brickwork patterns should be maintained, all the ornamentations are applied on a shrinking surface area. However, the practical solutions for the construction processes in these structures haven’t been sufficiently investigated. Hence, this study aims to explore the methods of brickwork projection on the minarets and analyse the changes in girih patterns at different height levels. Accordingly, after surveying the selected single minarets in Isfahan, they were modeled using drafting software applications and then analysed.
Origen and the Story of the Mother and Her Seven Sons: Reimagining Third-Century Caesarean Horizons
Authors: Rafael Anna-Liisa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article employs Galit Hasan-Rokem’s notions of vertical and horizontal axes of transmission for the study of biblical reception history, presenting the reception of the story of the mother and her seven sons in Origen’s writings as a case study. I suggest that Hasan-Rokem’s vertical axis of intergenerational transmission corresponds to reception history: it also involves us and thus demands our critical awareness. The horizontal axis of intergroup transmission, then, calls for our sensitivity toward the diverse interpersonal and intercultural exchanges that reception history presents less frequently as authoritative or even manifest. My analysis scrutinizes Origen’s pronouncedly bookish relation to the story of the mother and her seven sons, and I provide a reading of this relation as entailing both (inter)personal and intercultural encounters. I use both Eusebius’ biography of Origen and recent studies on late antique rabbinic discourse as means by which to broaden our perspective on Origen’s horizon of expectation. In conclusion, I suggest that Origen’s portrayal of the mother indicates some ambivalence toward this figure: her words of wisdom have undisputed authority over Origen, while her embodied wisdom makes him reserved. Thus, the reception of the story of the mother and her seven sons in Origen’s writings could strengthen the prospect that the story was a living reality for Origen as well as for others in third-century Palestine.
Consciousness and mind in Peirce: distinctions and complementarities
Authors: Santaella Lucia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn a brief overview this article discusses that, in the multifaceted field of cognitive sciences, the problem of consciousness and mind is far from being resolved. The article then argues that this problem is worked out in careful detail in Peirce’s work. Intelligence, hence mind, for Peirce, is distinct from consciousness. Without being dissociable, they are, in fact, distinct but complementary. Hence, Peirce’s ideas should be recovered not only for the sake of their relevance, but also because cognitivists have a lot to learn from Peirce.
LAGERRECHTSORDNUNGEN. Rechtssoziologische Perspektiven auf Flüchtlingslager im Globalen Süden
Authors: Bochmann Annett 
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Artikel beantwortet die Frage, wie Rechtsordnungen ohne staatlich verfasste Rechtssysteme etabliert werden. Basierend auf ethnographischen Feldforschungen in burmesischen Flüchtlingslagern in Thailand wird gezeigt, dass lokale Gewohnheitsrechte in der Rechtspraxis und Fallbearbeitung dominieren, obwohl plurale Rechtssysteme präsent sind. Das Gewohnheitsrecht entwickelt sich über modifizierte Prä-Lagerstrukturen und -praktiken der Geflüchteten, passt sich an das Lagerleben an und transformiert sich über die zunehmende Präsenz internationaler sowie staatlicher Akteure. Ferner zeigt sich, dass weitere lagerspezifische Mechanismen einen entscheidenden Beitrag zur Aufrechterhaltung von Recht und Ordnung leisten. Indem diese rechtssoziologische Studie das Konzept des doing law in den Mittelpunkt der Analyse stellt, wird ein neues Verständnis von Rechtsordnungen in Flüchtlingslagern entwickelt, das die gängige Vorstellung von Lagern als rechtsfreie Räume in Frage gestellt.
Professionalisierung mittels Ambiguität. Die diskursive Konstruktion von Data Scientists in Wirtschaft und Wissenschaft
Authors: Dorschel Robert , Brandt Philipp 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag fragt, welche Deutungsmuster mit der Konstruktion und Subjektivierung der aufsteigenden Berufsgruppe der ‚Data Scientists‘ einhergehen. Aus soziologischer Perspektive beruht ihre fortschreitende Institutionalisierung maßgeblich auf Objektivierungsprozessen sozialer Wissensbestände. Anhand einer diskursanalytischen Auswertung von Stellenanzeigen und Studiengangsbeschreibungen zeigen wir eine ambige Logik in der sozialen Konstruktion von Data Scientists auf. In Wirtschaft und Wissenschaft besteht einerseits Dissens über die Klassifikation und Einordnung von Data Scientists, während andererseits basale Deutungsmuster Data Scientists als GrenzgängerInnen, Anti-Nerds und WeltverbesserInnen diskursivieren. Die ambige Logik aus Dissens und Konsens interpretieren wir als einen strategischen Vorteil für die Professionalisierung: Ambiguität schafft Integrationsfähigkeit für unterschiedliche Erwartungshaltungen und Imaginationen. Der Beitrag legt die Subjektivierung ebenjener Professionals frei, die eine Schlüsselposition in der objektivierenden Digitalwirtschaft einnehmen.
Designing order–disorder transformation in high-entropy ferritic steels
Authors: Singh Prashant , Johnson Duane D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOrder–disorder transformations hold an essential place in chemically complex high-entropy ferritic steels (HEFSs) due to their critical technological application. The chemical inhomogeneity arising from mixing of multi-principal elements of varying chemistry can drive property altering changes at the atomic scale, in particular short-range order. Using density-functional theory-based linear-response theory, we predict the effect of compositional tuning on the order–disorder transformation in ferritic steels—focusing on Cr–Ni–Al–Ti–Fe HEFSs. We show that Ti content in Cr–Ni–Al–Ti–Fe solid solutions can be tuned to modify short-range order that changes the order–disorder path from BCC-B2 (Ti atomic-fraction = 0) to BCC-B2-L21 (Ti atomic-fraction > 0) consistent with existing experiments. Our study suggests that tuning degree of SRO through compositional variation can be used as an effective means to optimize phase selection in technologically useful alloys.
Graphic abstract
Van der Waals density functional study of hydrocarbon adsorption and separation in metal–organic frameworks without open metal sites
Authors: Quainoo Timothy , Lavan Sydney N. , Liu Zhen-Fei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have received significant attention thanks to their promising features in the storage and separation of guest molecules. MOFs without open metal sites are emerging as they are often less susceptible to poisoning compared to those with open metal sites. However, a complete understanding of the binding and gas separation mechanisms in such materials is still missing. In this work, we perform a comparative study of two classes of vanadium-based MOFs without open metal sites: MFM-300-V$$^\text{(III)}$$

(III)

and MFM-300-V$$^\text{(IV)}$$

(IV)

, as well as MIL-47-V$$^\text{(III)}$$

(III)

and MIL-47-V$$^\text{(IV)}$$

(IV)

. We employ first-principles van der Waals density functional theory to find the optimal binding conformations and binding energies of a series of small hydrocarbons within the pores of the aforementioned MOFs. Our study provides insight into the host–guest interactions in such MOFs without open metal sites, especially the role played by the bridging hydroxyl group ($$\mu _2$$

μ
2

–OH). We conclude that the bridging –OH group acts as a pseudo open metal site in these MOFs.

Graphic abstract
ASSESSING EFFECTS OF CUCURBITURILS ON MONOCYTES AND NK-CELLS IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS
Authors: Aktanova A. A. , Pashkina E. A. , Kozlov V. A. 
Published: October 2021

Nanotechnology in immunology is a prospectively developing area in fundamental and practical medicine. Cucurbiturils are macrocyclic cavitands with a definite amount of glycoluril fragments (n) that determine the size of the cavity of these compounds. Nowadays, there are six synthesized homologues: 5, 6, 7, 8, 10 and 14. They differ from each other in the portal size and the size of the cavities. They are characterized by special physicochemical and biological properties, such as biocompatibility, stability, high ability to encapsulate chemical compounds. It is known that cucurbiturils encapsulate molecules by forming guest-host complexes, which allow the substance to be released from the complex and increase the solubility of the compounds. These advantages allow using cucurbiturils as drug delivery systems. Immunomodulatory activity of cucurbiturils depends on its specific nanoscale characteristics: functional groups, shape, size, surface, solubility in various media. Each nanoparticle depending on these properties has different effects on cells. The effects of cucurbiturils can be different even for one subpopulation of cells, depending on the homologue or dosage. The interaction of innate immune cells with cucurbiturils are not yet sufficiently characterized.The aim of this study was to assess the effects of cucurbit[n]urils (n = 6, n = 7, n = 8) on innate immune cells – monocytes, NK-cells, NKT-cells.The immunological recearch included the isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors (n = 8) on the density gradient of ficoll-urografin and flow cytometry with the determination of the amount of immunocompetent cells according to the classic markers of differentiation of these cells – CD3- CD16+CD56+ for NK-cells, CD3+CD16+CD56+ for NKT-cells and CD3- CD14+ for monocytes. Monocyte activation was determined by the expression of surface HLA-DR.The cells were cultured for 72 hours with the addition of cucurbiturils CB[6], CB[7] at concentrations of 0.1 mM, 0.3 mM, 0.5 mM and CB[8] at concentration of 0.01 mM, due to its poor solubility.There were a significant decrease in the quantity of NK-cells (p < 0.01 for the test concentrations of CB[7]), an increase in the quantity of NKT-cells (p < 0.04 and p < 0.02 respectively for the concentrations of CB[6] and CB[7]). There was a tendency to increase the expression of HLA-DR on monocytes (p = 0.06 for CB[6]).Considering a variative effects of cucurbiturils, in the future it is possible to consider a possibility of using cucurbiturils as an immunomodulators, antitumor agents, in autoimmune diseases.
EFFECT OF DNA CONSTRUCTIONS ELECTROPORATION ON DENDRITIC CELLS
Authors: Bulygin A. S. , Tereshchenko V. P. , Zavodskii R. Yu. , Obleukhova I. A. , Sennikov S. V. , Silkov A. N. 
Published: October 2021

Today transfection of mammalian cell with DNA or RNA construction is the only method for delivering programmed information into the cell nucleus. Electroporation is most commonly used method of transfection in experiments with dendritic cell. The aim of electroporation is to permeabilize the membrane by passing electric impulse through the cell. Due to the increase permeability of the membrane chance DNA or RNA construction getting inside into the cell is increased, wherein survival of the cells is decreased.In the study male mice C57Bl/6 line 2-4 months old were used. From femur bones was isolated 20 × 106 bone marrow cells, which were cultured in 20 mL of complete RPMI-1640 for 7 days. To generate dendritic cells from BM cells, 100 ng/mL of rmFlt3-L was added to culture media at day 0. After 7 days of cultivation, the cell cultures were electroporated with control noncoding plasmids p5 (EP P5) or pmaxCCR9 encoding mouse chemokine receptor CCR9 (EP CCR9). The controls were cell cultures electroporated without any plasmids (mock EP) and cell cultures without electroporation (none EP). 5 × 105 cells were electroporated and resting for 10 minutes. After 10 minutes, cells were harvested and seeded into 24-well plates in 1 mL of culture medium and conditioning medium (1:1). Then, 50 ng/mL of Flt3-L was added to each well. The next day, transfected cells were collected and used for flow cytometry, qRT-PCR analysis.It was found that after electroporation in the groups mock EP, EP P5, EP CCR9 relative amount of live CD11c+ dendritic cells was significantly less than in the non EP group. Moreover, in the EP P5 and EP CCR9 groups the frequency of live CD11c+ dendritic cells was significantly less than in the mock EP group. Expression of the CD86 marker in the EP P5 and EP CCR9 groups was significantly higher than in the non EP and mock EP groups. Expression of the I-AB(MHCII) in the EP CCR9 group on cDC2s was significantly higher than in the non EP group. On plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and conventional type 2 DCs (cDC2s) in the EP CCR9 group expression of CCR9 was significantly higher than in the non EP group. Therefore, in this study, we demonstrated the effectiveness of electroporation, accompanied by the decrease in the survival rate and maturation of DCs.
FACTORS OF CONGENITAL AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF INTRAUTERINE GENERATED CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION
Authors: Levkovich M. A. , Kravchenko L. V. , Afonin A. A. , Krukier I. I. , Levkovich A. Yu. , Nikashina A. A. 
Published: October 2021

Subject: to assess a role of factors of innate and adaptive immunity in the development of intrauterine generalized cytomegalovirus infection.The study included 47 newborns with congenital generalized cytomegalovirus infection comprising group I. Based on the data of clinical and laboratory examination, all newborns studied were divided into two subgroups. Subgroup 1.1 (29 subjects) consisted of newborns with severe CMVI and subgroup 1.2 (18 subjects) – newborns with moderate CMVI. The control group included 26 newborns without herpesvirus infection.Determination of the number of monocytes expressing Toll receptors (TLR) was performed by laser flow cytometry (Beckman Coulter) using Beckman Coulter, HyCultBiotechnology reagents: FITC-CD282+, CD284+, CD286+, and PE-CD14+. The newborn serum concentration of IFNγ, IFNα, IL-6, IL-8 was determined by ELISA using BenderMedsistems test systems.Intrauterine generalized CMVI with complete clinical symptoms in newborns was characterized by a decrease in the number of monocytes expressing TLR-2 and TLR-6, which was associated with a decrease in the level of IFNα, IFNγ, an increase in the level of IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1. The subgroup with incomplete clinical symptoms CMVI was characterized by a decrease in the level of IFNα, in combination with an increase in the level of IL-6. The identified immune disorders lead to a reduction in the antiviral immune response and determine the severity of the disease in prenatally infected newborns.
MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS COMPARED WITH MICROVESICLES-BASED THERAPY IMPACTS IMMUNOCOMPETENT CELLS IN MICE WITH CHRONIC RENAL DISEASE
Authors: Khabalova T. S. , Androsova Yu. E. , Kaschenko E. A. , Ivanova I. P. 
Published: October 2021

Mesenchymal stem cells which have both pluripotent and immunoregulatory functions are being actively studied as one of the treatment ways in many fields of medicine, including rehabilitation in nephrology. However, in some articles were dedicated to the treatment of different organic pathology with MSC’s was proved that the only reported effects from the application of MSC’s in regenerative medicine are that, after transplantation to damaged organs, in a paracrine manner they may inhibit apoptosis of cells, promote angiogenesis for a better blood supply, and in some cases stimulate cells that have survived in damaged tissues to proliferate in order to replenish dying tissue fragments. In other words, the pro-reparational functions were due to their paracrine effects without the impact of differentiation. Microvesicles are one of the components of this pro-regenerative effect. And although immunoregulatory action has been shown for MSCs, it remains poorly understood for microvesicles.The aim of this study was to study the immunoregulatory properties of microvesicles (MSC-MB, MB) in comparison with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). The experiment was carried out on CBA mice 3-4 months old, a model of glycerol-induced chronic renal failure (CRF) was used. MSCs were obtained from the bone marrow of syngeneic mice of the tibia and femur. MVs were obtained by apoptosis by culturing in a serum-free medium under oxygen deprivation conditions. MSC and MSC-MB were injected into the tail vein of mice; organs were harvested on the 11th day after administration of MSC and MSC-MB.The state of cellular immunity in mice with chronic renal failure (CRF) after the introduction of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and microvesicles derived from them (MSC-MB) on the 11th day of the experiment was assessed by flow cytometry. As a result, there was a decrease in the number of T-regulatory cells CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+, an increase in the content of CD4+ CD44+ CD62+ and CD8+ CD44+ CD62+ memory T-cells.The effect of MVs was not significantly different from that of MSC. This may indicate that the therapeutic properties of MSCs are determined to a greater extent, if not completely, by MSC-MB.
PROPORTION OF NAIVE CD45RA+ AND CD31+T-CELLS IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS UNDER STIMULATION WITH HOMEOSTATIC FACTORS IN VITRO
Authors: Blinova E. A. , Grishina L. V. , Sizkov A. E. , Kozlov V. A. 
Published: October 2021

Much attention of researchers is directed to study the role of factors of homeostatic proliferation in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, however, the effect of IL-7 and IL-15 on the phenotype of naive T cells has not yet been sufficiently investigated in the pathology. The aim of this study was to investigate the proportion of CD45RA+ and CD31+ naive cells among CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes from healthy individuals and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) upon stimulation with IL-7, IL-15 in vitro. In peripheral blood, we did not find any differences in the number of CD45RA+ and CD31+ cells between the group of donors and group of RA patients. In donors, stimulation by a combination of IL-7 with IL-15 promoted an increase in the proportion of CD4+CD45RA+ and CD8+CD45RA+ relative to their level in the peripheral blood. Whereas in RA patients the number of CD8+CD45RA+ cells decreased under IL-15 and the combination of IL-15 with IL-7 compared to the control without stimulation, and it, as a proportion of CD4+CD45RA+ cells, significantly differed from the content of these cells under the same conditions in donors. There were no significant differences in the content of CD31+ cells and the number of CD31+ cells proliferating to cytokines, both between the groups of donors and patients with RA, and between different culture conditions. Thus, we can say that under the factors of homeostatic proliferation, there is a proportional increase in CD31+ T cells number, both in donors and in patients with RA. At the same time, naive T cells from donors retain the expression of CD45RA during cultivation, while naive T cells from patients partially lose it. The obtained data indicate that in RA, under factors of homeostatic proliferation the phenotype of naive T cells is converted into the phenotype of memory T cells.