bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prosthetically‐Driven Full‐Mouth Implant‐Supported Prostheses Using Guided Surgical Implant Planning with Composite Resin Markers: A Case Report
Authors: Cabanes‐Gumbau Guillermo , Agustín‐Panadero Rubén , Revilla‐León Marta , Zubizarreta‐Macho Álvaro 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis report describes a prosthetically‐driven implant planning method, guided by the alignment procedures between the cone beam computed tomography, intraoral digital scans, and digitized maxillary and mandibular interim complete dentures using intraoral composite resin markers as a common reference. The markers were attached to the keratinized oral mucosa of the edentulous ridges using cyanoacrylate and kept in place during the digitizing procedures. The technique provides a simpler and more economical alternative to conventional prosthetically‐driven static implant planning methods.
Nutritive value of sorghum silage for sheep
Authors: Sabertanha Ehsan , Rouzbehan Yousef , Fazaeli Hassan , Rezaei Javad 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study compared ensiled sorghum (ES) from two varieties (first and second cuts) with corn silage (CS) for chemical analysis, total‐tract nutrient digestibility, ruminal variables and blood biochemistry metabolites in sheep. Five experimental silages representing first cut ES var. Pegah (PS1), second cut ES var. Pegah (PS2), first cut ES var. Speedfeed (SS1), second cut ES var. Speedfeed (SS2) and CS were assessed for chemical analysis, silage fermentation and anti‐quality compounds. Diets consisted of lucerne hay, silage and a premix (at the ratio of 53.5:46:0.5 on a dry matter [DM] basis). Feed consumption, total‐tract nutrient digestibility, microbial nitrogen supply (MNS), ruminal variables and blood biochemistry metabolites were determined in a Latin square design of five periods with five male sheep. Compared to sorghum, CS had lower (p < 0.01) concentrations of ash, water‐soluble carbohydrates and crude protein, but higher starch, lignin (sa), non‐structural carbohydrates and apparent nutrient digestibility. The measurements of pH, lactic acid, NH3‐N and volatile fatty acids (VFA) confirmed that all silages were well‐preserved. The anti‐quality compound levels in the silages were below the safe limits for ruminants. No differences were observed in feed consumption (p > 0.05) and total‐tract digestibility of DM and nutrients (p > 0.05). Rumen pH, NH3‐N, VFA concentrations and acetate to propionate ratio showed no difference among treatments (p > 0.05). Sheep fed on sorghum silage showed a decrease (p < 0.01) in total protozoa, and particularly in the Entodiniae population. There were no differences in cellulolytic bacteria counts (p > 0.05) among treatments. Urinary N, MNS and blood biochemistry metabolites showed no difference among treatments (p > 0.05). Silages from both cuts of sorghum had comparable total‐tract nutrient digestibility to CS, therefore, these varieties could be used as a more drought resilient silage source in the feeding of sheep.
Dietary patterns and chronic kidney disease outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Quintela Bárbara Cibelle Soares Farias , Carioca Antônio Augusto Ferreira , de Oliveira Juliana Gomes Ramalho , Fraser Simon D. S. , da Silva Junior Geraldo Bezerra 
Published: April 2021

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious public health problem and its prevalence is growing in many countries, often related to issues resulting from the lifestyle in growing economies and the population's life expectancy. Nutritional therapy is a beneficial but still neglected strategy for preventing CKD and delaying disease progression. The aim of this study was to assess the association of dietary patterns with CKD development and progression. Observational studies conducted in adult humans and the correlation between the adopted dietary pattern and prevalent and incident cases of CKD were assessed. A significant association was observed between unhealthy dietary patterns and an increased risk of developing or worsening CKD, as well as an adverse effect. Whereas healthy eating patterns characterized by the consumption of fruit, vegetables and dietary fibre showed nephroprotective outcomes.
Three learning modalities' impact on clinical judgment and perceptions in newly graduated registered nurses: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Luo Yiqing , Geng Cong , Chen Xiaoli , Zhang Yingying , Zou Zhijie , Bai Jinbing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNewly graduated registered nurses face numerous challenges stemming from high patient workload, complicated interpersonal relationships, and a lack of nursing competence, which can lead to transitional shocks. Clinical judgment and confidence are well‐known keys to successful role transitions for these nurses. Simulation training is proposed as a new modality for enhancing comprehensive clinical competence of nurses, but current evidence on the impact of different simulations on nurses' clinical judgment and confidence are still limited or inconsistent. This study compared the impact of three types of learning modalities on newly graduated registered nurses' clinical judgment, perceptions of self‐confidence, and evaluations of the design features of the learning modalities. A quasi‐experimental design was used. Fifty‐nine participants were randomly assigned to three groups: (1) high‐fidelity simulation, (2) virtual simulation, and (3) case study. Scales were used after the simulation. The virtual simulation group showed a higher level of clinical judgment. The high‐fidelity simulation group felt more confident than the virtual simulation and case study groups. Both the high‐fidelity simulation group and virtual simulation group reported higher scores in the domain of fidelity.
NETWORKED2‐subfamily proteins regulate the cortical actin cytoskeleton of growing pollen tubes and polarised pollen tube growth
Authors: Duckney Patrick , Kroon Johan T. , Dixon Martin R. , Hawkins Timothy J. , Deeks Michael J. , Hussey Patrick J. 
Published: April 2021

Summary

We have recently characterised NET2A as a pollen‐specific actin‐binding protein that binds F‐actin at the plasma membrane of growing pollen tubes. However, the role of NET2 proteins in pollen development and fertilisation have yet to be elucidated.

To further characterise the role of Arabidopsis NET2 proteins in pollen development and fertilisation, we analysed the subcellular localisation of NET2A over the course of pollen grain development and investigated the role of the NET2 family using net2 loss‐of‐function mutants.

We observed NET2A to localise to the F‐actin cytoskeleton in developing pollen grains as it underwent striking structural reorganisations at specific stages of development and during germination and pollen tube growth. Furthermore, net2 loss‐of‐function mutants exhibited striking morphological defects in the early stages of pollen tube growth, arising from frequent changes to pollen tube growth trajectory. We observed defects in the cortical actin cytoskeleton and actin‐driven subcellular processes in net2 mutant pollen tubes.

We demonstrate that NET2 proteins are essential for normal actin‐driven pollen development highlighting an important role for the NET2 family members in regulating pollen tube growth during fertilisation.
Parsimony vs predictive and functional performance of three stomatal optimization principles in a big‐leaf framework
Authors: Bassiouni Maoya , Vico Giulia 
Published: April 2021

Summary

Stomatal optimization models can improve estimates of water and carbon fluxes with relatively low complexity, yet there is no consensus on which formulations are most appropriate for ecosystem‐scale applications. We implemented three existing analytical equations for stomatal conductance, based on different water penalty functions, in a big‐leaf comparison framework, and determined which optimization principles were most consistent with flux tower observations from different biomes.

We used information theory to dissect controls of soil water supply and atmospheric demand on evapotranspiration in wet to dry conditions and to quantify missing or inadequate information in model variants. We ranked stomatal optimization principles based on parameter uncertainty, parsimony, predictive accuracy, and functional accuracy of the interactions between soil moisture, vapor pressure deficit, and evapotranspiration.

Performance was high for all model variants. Water penalty functions with explicit representation of plant hydraulics did not substantially improve predictive or functional accuracy of ecosystem‐scale evapotranspiration estimates, and parameterizations were more uncertain, despite having physiological underpinnings at the plant level.

Stomatal optimization based on water use efficiency thus provided more information about ecosystem‐scale evapotranspiration compared to those based on xylem vulnerability and proved more useful in improving ecosystem‐scale models with less complexity.
Apoplastic lipid barriers regulated by conserved homeobox transcription factors extend seed longevity in multiple plant species
Authors: Renard Joan , Martínez‐Almonacid Irene , Queralta Castillo Indira , Sonntag Annika , Hashim Aseel , Bissoli Gaetano , Campos Laura , Muñoz‐Bertomeu Jesús , Niñoles Regina , Roach Thomas , Sánchez‐León Susana , Ozuna Carmen V. , Gadea José , Lisón Purificación , Kranner Ilse , Barro Francisco , Serrano Ramón , Molina Isabel , Bueso Eduardo 
Published: April 2021

Summary

Cutin and suberin are lipid polyesters deposited in specific apoplastic compartments. Their fundamental roles in plant biology include controlling the movement of gases, water and solutes, and conferring pathogen resistance. Both cutin and suberin have been shown to be present in the Arabidopsis seed coat where they regulate seed dormancy and longevity.

In this study, we use accelerated and natural ageing seed assays, glutathione redox potential measures, optical and transmission electron microscopy and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry to demonstrate that increasing the accumulation of lipid polyesters in the seed coat is the mechanism by which the AtHB25 transcription factor regulates seed permeability and longevity.

Chromatin immunoprecipitation during seed maturation revealed that the lipid polyester biosynthetic gene long‐chain acyl‐CoA synthetase 2 (LACS2) is a direct AtHB25 binding target. Gene transfer of this transcription factor to wheat and tomato demonstrated the importance of apoplastic lipid polyesters for the maintenance of seed viability.

Our work establishes AtHB25 as a trans‐species regulator of seed longevity and has identified the deposition of apoplastic lipid barriers as a key parameter to improve seed longevity in multiple plant species.
Spread of self‐compatibility constrained by an intrapopulation crossing barrier
Authors: Broz Amanda K. , Simpson‐Van Dam Armeda , Tovar‐Méndez Alejandro , Hahn Matthew W. , McClure Bruce , Bedinger Patricia A. 
Published: April 2021

Summary

Mating system transitions from self‐incompatibility (SI) to self‐compatibility (SC) are common in plants. In the absence of high levels of inbreeding depression, SC alleles are predicted to spread due to transmission advantage and reproductive assurance.

We characterized mating system and pistil‐expressed SI factors in 20 populations of the wild tomato species Solanum habrochaites from the southern half of the species range.

We found that a single SI to SC transition is fixed in populations south of the Rio Chillon valley in central Peru. In these populations, SC correlated with the presence of the hab‐6 S‐haplotype that encodes a low activity S‐RNase protein. We identified a single population segregating for SI/SC and hab‐6. Intrapopulation crosses showed that hab‐6 typically acts in the expected codominant fashion to confer SC. However, we found one specific S‐haplotype (hab‐10) that consistently rejects pollen of the hab‐6 haplotype, and results in SI hab‐6/hab‐10 heterozygotes.

We suggest that the hab‐10 haplotype could act as a genetic mechanism to stabilize mixed mating in this population by presenting a disadvantage for the hab‐6 haplotype. This barrier may represent a mechanism allowing for the persistence of SI when an SC haplotype appears in or invades a population.
Who loves input controls? What happened to “outputs not inputs” in UK Public Financial Management, and why?
Authors: Hood Christopher , Piotrowska Barbara Maria 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhy do frequently criticized input controls survive in the management of public spending while apparently more enlightened output/outcome controls come and go? The question matters, because output/outcome controls are often assumed in public financial management and related literature to lead to superior policy performance as compared with input‐focused approaches. We tackle the question by applying qualitative push–pull analysis to compare one key type of input controls (administration cost [AC] controls) with one much‐discussed form of output/outcome controls (performance targets linked to spending allocations) in one major country case, the United Kingdom, over two decades. Drawing on documents and in‐depth interviews with 120 key political and bureaucratic players, we conclude that bureaucratic inertia at most only partially explains the survival of input AC controls in this case. The push/pull factors associated with the politics of blame and credit made the political players fair‐weather output controllers but all‐weather input controllers.
Death, Deprivation, and a Sartrean Account of Horror
Authors: Kaufman Frederik 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDeprivation offers a plausible explanation for the badness of death, so fear is not unreasonable. But horror at the prospect of one's death is not just extreme fear because horror is structurally different than fear. Horror requires a different explanation. For Sartre, horror is possible only in unique circumstances. I argue that Sartre's view, when combined with the subjective incomprehensibility of one's annihilation, can explain horror and other negative emotions that are not contingent on deprivation. Further, I argue that while fear can be reasonable if one's death will deprive, Lucretius's Symmetry Argument shows that horror is unreasonable.
Impaired error‐related processing in patients with first‐episode psychosis and subjects at clinical high risk for psychosis: An event‐related potential study
Authors: Park Jihye , Lho Silvia Kyungjin , Hwang Wu Jeong , Moon Sun‐Young , Oh Sanghoon , Kim Minah , Kwon Jun Soo 
Published: April 2021

AimImpaired event‐related potential (ERP) indices reflecting performance‐monitoring systems have been consistently reported in patients with schizophrenia. However, whether these impairments exist from the beginning of the early phase of psychosis, such as in first‐episode psychosis (FEP) patients and individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis, has not yet been clearly ascertained.MethodsThirty‐seven FEP patients, 22 CHR subjects, and 22 healthy controls (HC) performed a visual go/no‐go task so that three ERP components associated with performance monitoring—error‐related negativity (ERN), correct response negativity (CRN), and error positivity (Pe) —could be assessed. Repeated‐measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with age and sex as covariates was used to compare ERN, CRN, and Pe across the groups.ResultsRepeated‐measures ANOVA with age and sex as covariates revealed that compared with HC, FEP patients and CHR subjects showed significantly smaller ERN amplitudes at the Fz (F = 4.980, P = 0.009) and FCz (F = 3.453, P = 0.037) electrode sites. Neither CRN nor Pe amplitudes showed significant differences across the FEP, CHR, and HC groups.ConclusionThese findings suggest that performance monitoring is already compromised during the early course of psychotic disorders, evident in FEP patients and CHR subjects, as reflected in the reduced ERN amplitude. Considering these findings, ERN could serve as a potential indicator of early‐stage psychosis.
Health screening system to ensure children's health and development in Japan
Authors: Tomokawa Sachi , Miyake Kimihiro , Takahashi Kenzo , Tomokawa Aya , Kokudo Shohei , Ueno Marie , Kigawa Mika , Asakura Takashi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe establishment of health screening systems for children is important, however, such systems are not always well‐established in developing countries. This study aimed to improve child health screening systems in developing countries by analyzing the factors that contribute to enabling continuous and proper screenings at various governmental levels in Japan.MethodsWe reviewed the history of child health and development screening systems in Japan and examined factors that enabled their regular and nationwide implementation.ResultsWe identified the six enabling factors: (i) the existence of relevant laws and regulations in health and education systems for health checkups, (ii) mandated and detailed conditions for health checkups within both school and community health, (iii) the provision of guidelines and manuals for health checkups, (iv) a sufficient number of professionals to carry out the health checkups, (v) clear criteria for evaluating and interpreting the checkup results, and (vi) understanding among teachers, children, and guardians of the importance of health checkups.ConclusionWe proposed the following six requirements to the governments in developing countries for establishing their own health screening programs: (i) a clear description of the need for regular and continuous health checkups in the relevant laws, regulations, and policies, (ii) mandate as essential activity and detailed requirements of the screening activities, (iii) provision of relevant manuals for health workers and teachers, (iv) provision of enough well‐trained professionals and a training system, (v) studying growth and development curves for children, and (vi) promoting understanding among stakeholders about the importance of health checkups.
Seeing you, seeing me: Links between perceived commitment, metaperceptions, and relationship well‐being
Authors: Tissera Hasagani , Lydon John E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAre perceiver's impressions of target's commitment associated with the target's relationship experience? Could target's metaperceptions (i.e., target's beliefs about the perceiver's impressions of the target) help explain why? In the present dyadic study (N = 206; Ncouples = 103), we found that perceiver's impressions of target's commitment was positively related to target's relationship well‐being, and target's metaperceptions helped to account for this link. Additional analyses disentangled the roles of accuracy and bias of metaperceptions. On average, people underestimated their partners' impressions of commitment, and this negative mean‐level bias was related to lower relationship well‐being. Overall, the present results shed light on the potential implications of metaperceptions for relational well‐being.
The qualitative exploration of social competencies and incompetencies on mobile dating applications
Authors: Dredge Rebecca , Anderson Joel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRomantic and sexual relationships are increasingly initiated using mobile dating applications rather than in face‐to‐face contexts. There is subsequently a need to understand socially competent and incompetent behaviors during this pre‐interaction relationship development stage. One‐on‐one in‐depth interviews were conducted with 22 emerging adults from Australia and Belgium. Data were analyzed inductively based on thematic analysis. Participants reported 11 superordinate social competencies represented by 85 competent and 67 incompetent behavioral norms that varied across four stages of online relationship formation (profile, matching, discovery, and evaluation stages). Findings provide a unique contribution to the literature as online social competence has yet to be conceptualized. Comparisons between online and face‐to‐face relational processes are also discussed.
Photoautotrophic production of renewable ethylene by engineered cyanobacteria: Steering the cell metabolism towards biotechnological use
Authors: Kallio Pauli , Kugler Amit , Pyytövaara Samuli , Stensjö Karin , Allahverdiyeva Yagut , Gao Xiang , Lindblad Peter , Lindberg Pia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEthylene is a volatile hydrocarbon with a massive global market in the plastic industry. The ethylene now used for commercial applications is produced exclusively from nonrenewable petroleum sources, while competitive biotechnological production systems do not yet exist. This review focuses on the currently developed photoautotrophic bioproduction strategies that enable direct solar‐driven conversion of CO2 into ethylene, based on the use of genetically engineered photosynthetic cyanobacteria expressing heterologous ethylene forming enzyme (EFE) from Pseudomonas syringae. The emphasis is on the different engineering strategies to express EFE and to direct the cellular carbon flux towards the primary metabolite 2‐oxoglutarate, highlighting associated metabolic constraints, and technical considerations on cultivation strategies and conditional parameters. While the research field has progressed towards more robust strains with better production profiles, and deeper understanding of the associated metabolic limitations, it is clear that there is room for significant improvement to reach industrial relevance. At the same time, existing information and the development of synthetic biology tools for engineering cyanobacteria open new possibilities for improving the prospects for the sustainable production of renewable ethylene.
Accelerating Bayesian Estimation for Network Poisson Models Using Frequentist Variational Estimates
Authors: Donnet Sophie , Robin Stéphane 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis work is motivated by the analysis of ecological interaction networks. Poisson stochastic block models are widely used in this field to decipher the structure that underlies a weighted network, while accounting for covariate effects. Efficient algorithms based on variational approximations exist for frequentist inference, but without statistical guaranties as for the resulting estimates. In the absence of variational Bayes estimates, we show that a good proxy of the posterior distribution can be straightforwardly derived from the frequentist variational estimation procedure, using a Laplace approximation. We use this proxy to sample from the true posterior distribution via a sequential Monte Carlo algorithm. As shown in the simulation study, the efficiency of the posterior sampling is greatly improved by the accuracy of the approximate posterior distribution. The proposed procedure can be easily extended to other latent variable models. We use this methodology to assess the influence of available covariates on the organization of several ecological networks, as well as the existence of a residual interaction structure.
Green's functions, linear second‐order differential equations, and one‐dimensional diffusion advection models
Authors: Yu Xiao , Lan Kunquan , Wu Jianhong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGreen's functions to linear second‐order ordinary differential equations with general separated boundary conditions (BCs) are derived, where the parameters used in the BCs are allowed to take negative values. Previous results only considered the nonnegative parameters and such separated BCs arise in the usual Thomas–Fermi BCs. Properties of the Green's functions with possibly negative parameters are obtained and are new. As applications, we study the steady‐state solutions of the one‐dimensional diffusion advection models arising in chemical reactor theory and mathematical biology. We exhibit that the BCs arising from the one‐ dimensional diffusion advection models contain negative parameters.