bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On site production of [18F]PSMA-1007 using different [18F]fluoride activities: practical, technical and economical impact
Authors: Maisto Costantina , Morisco Anna , de Marino Roberta , Squame Elisabetta , Porfidia Valentina , D’Ambrosio Laura , Di Martino Daria , Gaballo Paolo , Aurilio Michela , Buonanno Monica , Esposito Aureliana , Raddi Marco , Lastoria Secondo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Prostate-specific membrane antigen is overexpressed in prostate cancer and it is considered a good target for positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging of primary cancer and recurrent/metastatic disease, as well as for radioligand therapy. Different PSMA-analogues labeled with [68Ga]gallium have been investigated, showing excellent imaging properties; however, only small amounts can be produced for each radiolabeling. Recently, a [18F]fluoride labeled PSMA-inhibitor, [18F]PSMA-1007, has been introduced, and it has ensured large-scale productions, overcoming this limitation of [68Ga]PSMAs. In this study, PSMA-1007 has been labeled with low (A), medium (B) and high (C) starting activities of [18F]fluoride, in order to verify if radiochemical yield, radiochemical purity and stability of [18F]PSMA-1007 were affected. These parameters have been measured in sixty-five consecutive batches. In addition, the estimation of [18F]PSMA-1007 production costs is provided.

Results
The radiochemical yield for low and medium activities of [18F]fluoride was 52%, while for the high one it decreased to 40%. The radiochemical purity was 99% for all three activities. [18F]PSMA-1007 did not show radiolysis up to 8 h after the end of synthesis, confirming that the radiopharmaceutical is stable and suitable to perform diagnostic studies in humans for a long period of time after the end of radiolabeling. Furthermore, radiochemical stability was demonstrated in fetal bovine serum at 4 °C and 37 °C for 120′.

Conclusions
A starting activity of [18F]fluoride of 90 GBq (B) seems to be the best option enabling a final amount of about of 50 GBq of [18F]PSMA-1007, which is promising as it allows to: (a) perform a large number of scans, and/or (b) supply the radiopharmaceutical to any peripheral diagnostic centers in need.
Psychometrics of three Swedish physical pediatric item banks from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)®: pain interference, fatigue, and physical activity
Authors: Carlberg Rindestig Frida , Wiberg Marie , Chaplin John Eric , Henje Eva , Dennhag Inga 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) aims to provide self-reported item banks for several dimensions of physical, mental and social health. Here we investigate the psychometric properties of the Swedish pediatric versions of the Physical Health item banks for pain interference, fatigue and physical activity which can be used in school health care and other clinical pediatric settings. Physical health has been shown to be more important for teenagers’ well-being than ever because of the link to several somatic and mental conditions. The item banks are not yet available in Sweden.

Methods
12- to 19-year-old participants (n = 681) were recruited in public school settings, and at a child- and psychiatric outpatient clinic. Three one-factor models using CFA were performed to evaluate scale dimensionality. We analyzed monotonicity and local independence. The items were calibrated by fitting the graded response model. Differential Item analyses (DIF) for age, gender and language were calculated.

Results
As part of the three one-factor models, we found support that each item bank measures a unidimensional construct. No monotonicity or local dependence were found. We found that 11 items had significant lack of fit in the item response theory (IRT) analyses. The result also showed DIF for age (seven items) and language (nine items). However, the differences on item fits and effect sizes of McFadden were negligible. After considering the analytic results, graphical illustration, item content and clinical relevance we decided to keep all items in the item banks.

Conclusions
We translated and validated the U.S. PROMIS item banks pain interference, fatigue and physical activity into Swedish by applying CFA, IRT and DIF analyses. The results suggest adequacy of the translations in terms of their psychometrics. The questionnaires can be used in school health and other pediatric care. Future studies can be to use Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT), which provide fewer but reliable items to the test person compared to classical testing.
The leaf senescence-promoting transcription factor AtNAP activates its direct target gene CYTOKININ OXIDASE 3 to facilitate senescence processes by degrading cytokinins
Authors: Hu Youzhen , Liu Bin , Ren Huazhong , Chen Liping , Watkins Christopher B. , Gan Su-Sheng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCytokinins (CKs) are a class of adenine-derived plant hormones that plays pervasive roles in plant growth and development including cell division, morphogenesis, lateral bud outgrowth, leaf expansion and senescence. CKs as a “fountain of youth” prolongs leaf longevity by inhibiting leaf senescence, and therefore must be catabolized for senescence to occur. AtNAP, a senescence-specific transcription factor has a key role in promoting leaf senescence. The role of AtNAP in regulating CK catabolism is unknown. Here we report the identification and characterization of AtNAP-AtCKX3 (cytokinin oxidase 3) module by which CKs are catabolized during leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. Like AtNAP, AtCKX3 is highly upregulated during leaf senescence. When AtNAP is chemically induced AtCKX3 is co-induced; and when AtNAP is knocked out, the expression of AtCKX3 is abolished. AtNAP physically binds to the cis element of the AtCKX3 promoter to direct its expression as revealed by yeast one-hybrid assays and in planta experiments. Leaves of the atckx3 knockout lines have higher CK concentrations and a delayed senescence phenotype compared with those of WT. In contrast, leaves with inducible expression of AtCKX3 have lower CK concentrations and exhibit a precocious senescence phenotype compared with WT. This research reveals that AtNAP transcription factor˗AtCKX3 module regulates leaf senescence by connecting two antagonist plant hormones abscisic acid and CKs.
Characterising the severity of treatment resistance in unipolar and bipolar depression
Authors: Taylor Rachael W. , Strawbridge Rebecca , Young Allan H. , Zahn Roland , Cleare Anthony J. 
Published: October 2021

Background
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is classically defined according to the number of suboptimal antidepressant responses experienced, but multidimensional assessments of TRD are emerging and may confer some advantages. Patient characteristics have been identified as risk factors for TRD but may also be associated with TRD severity. The identification of individuals at risk of severe TRD would support appropriate prioritisation of intensive and specialist treatments.

Aims
To determine whether TRD risk factors are associated with TRD severity when assessed multidimensionally using the Maudsley Staging Method (MSM), and univariately as the number of antidepressant non-responses, across three cohorts of individuals with depression.

Method
Three cohorts of individuals without significant TRD, with established TRD and with severe TRD, were assessed (n = 528). Preselected characteristics were included in linear regressions to determine their association with each outcome.

Results
Participants with more severe TRD according to the MSM had a lower age at onset, fewer depressive episodes and more physical comorbidities. These associations were not consistent across cohorts. The number of episodes was associated with the number of antidepressant treatment failures, but the direction of association varied across the cohorts studied.

Conclusions
Several risk factors for TRD were associated with the severity of resistance according to the MSM. Fewer were associated with the raw number of inadequate antidepressant responses. Multidimensional definitions may be more useful for identifying patients at risk of severe TRD. The inconsistency of associations across cohorts has potential implications for the characterisation of TRD.
Causal associations of intelligence with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: A Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Ohi Kazutaka , Takai Kentaro , Kuramitsu Ayumi , Sugiyama Shunsuke , Soda Midori , Kitaichi Kiyoyuki , Shioiri Toshiki 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Intelligence is inversely associated with schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD); it remains unclear whether low intelligence is a cause or consequence. We investigated causal associations of intelligence with SCZ or BD risk and a shared risk between SCZ and BD and SCZ-specific risk.

Methods
To estimate putative causal associations, we performed multi-single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Mendelian randomization (MR) using generalized summary-data-based MR (GSMR). Summary-level datasets from five GWASs (intelligence, SCZ vs. control [CON], BD vs. CON, SCZ + BD vs. CON, and SCZ vs. BD; sample sizes of up to 269,867) were utilized.

Results
A strong bidirectional association between risks for SCZ and BD was observed (odds ratio; ORSCZ → BD = 1.47, p = 2.89 × 10−41, ORBD → SCZ = 1.44, p = 1.85 × 10−52). Low intelligence was bidirectionally associated with a high risk for SCZ, with a stronger effect of intelligence on SCZ risk (ORlower intelligence → SCZ = 1.62, p = 3.23 × 10−14) than the reverse (ORSCZ → lower intelligence = 1.06, p = 3.70 × 10−23). Furthermore, low intelligence affected a shared risk between SCZ and BD (OR lower intelligence → SCZ + BD = 1.23, p = 3.41 × 10−5) and SCZ-specific risk (ORlower intelligence → SCZvsBD = 1.64, p = 9.72 × 10−10); the shared risk (ORSCZ + BD → lower intelligence = 1.04, p = 3.09 × 10−14) but not SCZ-specific risk (ORSCZvsBD → lower intelligence = 1.00, p = 0.88) weakly affected low intelligence. Conversely, there was no significant causal association between intelligence and BD risk (p > 0.05).

Conclusions
These findings support observational studies showing that patients with SCZ display impairment in premorbid intelligence and intelligence decline. Moreover, a shared factor between SCZ and BD might contribute to impairment in premorbid intelligence and intelligence decline but SCZ-specific factors might be affected by impairment in premorbid intelligence. We suggest that patients with these genetic factors should be categorized as having a cognitive disorder SCZ or BD subtype.
Deep learning for automated detection and numbering of permanent teeth on panoramic images
Authors: Estai Mohamed , Tennant Marc , Gebauer Dieter , Brostek Andrew , Vignarajan Janardhan , Mehdizadeh Maryam , Saha Sajib 
Published: October 2021

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate an automated detection system to detect and classify permanent teeth on orthopantomogram (OPG) images using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Methods: In total, 591 digital OPGs were collected from patients older than 18 years. Three qualified dentists performed individual teeth labelling on images to generate the ground truth annotations. A three-step procedure, relying upon CNNs, was proposed for automated detection and classification of teeth. Firstly, U-Net, a type of CNN, performed preliminary segmentation of tooth regions or detecting regions of interest (ROIs) on panoramic images. Secondly, the Faster R-CNN, an advanced object detection architecture, identified each tooth within the ROI determined by the U-Net. Thirdly, VGG-16 architecture classified each tooth into 32 categories, and a tooth number was assigned. A total of 17,135 teeth cropped from 591 radiographs were used to train and validate the tooth detection and tooth numbering modules. 90% of OPG images were used for training, and the remaining 10% were used for validation. 10-folds cross-validation was performed for measuring the performance. The intersection over union (IoU), F1 score, precision, and recall (i.e. sensitivity) were used as metrics to evaluate the performance of resultant CNNs. Results: The ROI detection module had an IoU of 0.70. The tooth detection module achieved a recall of 0.99 and a precision of 0.99. The tooth numbering module had a recall, precision and F1 score of 0.98. Conclusion: The resultant automated method achieved high performance for automated tooth detection and numbering from OPG images. Deep learning can be helpful in the automatic filing of dental charts in general dentistry and forensic medicine.
Η εκπαίδευση των χαρισματικών και ταλαντούχων μαθητών
Authors: Καραγιάννη Ελένη 
Published: October 2021

Ως χαρισματικοί και ταλαντούχοι θεωρούνται οι μαθητές που αποδίδουν ή επιδεικνύουν δυνατότητα για επίδοση σε αξιοσημείωτα υψηλά επίπεδα ολοκλήρωσης, σε σύγκριση με άλλα άτομα με την ίδια ηλικία, εμπειρία ή περιβάλλον, σε τομείς όπως η διανόηση, η τέχνη και η δημιουργία και διαθέτουν μία ασυνήθιστη ικανότητα ηγεσίας ή αριστείας σε συγκεκριμένους ακαδημαϊκούς τομείς, με αποτέλεσμα να χρήζουν εκπαιδευτικών υπηρεσιών και διδακτικών δραστηριοτήτων, που δεν παρέχονται στα σχολεία. Σκοπός της έρευνας είναι να παρουσιάσει στρατηγικές εκπαίδευσης, αλλά και τη συμβολή των εκπαιδευτικών για τον εντοπισμό και την ενίσχυση των ταλέντων των προικισμένων μαθητών. Τα ευρήματα έδειξαν ότι οι κυρίαρχες τεχνικές είναι η διαφοροποιημένη διδασκαλία, ο εμπλουτισμός, η επιτάχυνση και η εστίαση, που σε συνδυασμό με την διαμόρφωση πρόσφορων παιδαγωγικών συνθηκών από ικανούς δασκάλους, θα συμβάλλουν ώστε οι δυνατότητές τους να αναπτυχθούν σε εξέχοντα επιτεύγματα. Συμπερασματικά, προκύπτει ότι όταν εμπνευσμένοι εκπαιδευτικοί είναι σε θέση να αναγνωρίσουν έγκαιρα αυτούς τους μαθητές, παρέχοντάς τους τα κατάλληλα εκπαιδευτικά προγράμματα, που ανταποκρίνονται στις ιδιαίτερες ανάγκες και τις ικανότητες τους, θα τους επιτρέψουν να βελτιστοποιήσουν τα ταλέντα τους, στοχεύοντας στην αριστεία προς όφελος των ίδιων και του κοινωνικού συνόλου.
Το τρίπτυχο της χαρισματικότητας, της ευφυΐας και της δημιουργικότητας
Authors: Καραγιάννη Ελένη 
Published: October 2021

Η χαρισματικότητα αποτελεί μία πολυδιάστατη έννοια, που συνίσταται στην αλληλεπίδραση ενδογενών και εξωτερικών παραγόντων και οδηγεί το άτομο στην επίτευξη υψηλών στόχων. Για πολλά χρόνια, η χαρισματικότητα ταυτίστηκε με την ευφυΐα, που θεωρήθηκε ως εγγενής ικανότητα του ατόμου. Σκοπός της έρευνας είναι να εξετάσει την έννοια της χαρισματικότητας, να καταδείξει τη σχέση της με τις έννοιες της ευφυΐας και της δημιουργικότητας και να διερευνήσει το βαθμό της επίδρασής τους στην ανάδυση της χαρισματικής συμπεριφοράς. Τα ευρήματα έδειξαν ότι μία μονολιθική θεώρηση της χαρισματικότητας που την εξισώνει με την κληρονομική ευφυΐα και η αποτύπωσή της αποκλειστικά μέσω ενός υψηλού δείκτη νοημοσύνης, δε συνάδει με τα νεότερα ερευνητικά δεδομένα, που αναδεικνύουν ότι η χαρισματικότητα δεν αποτελεί ένα σύνολο στατικών χαρακτηριστικών, γενετικά καθορισμένων στο άτομο. Εξάλλου, διαφάνηκε ότι και η νοημοσύνη έχει δυναμική φύση και μεταβάλλεται συγχρόνως με το εσωτερικό και εξωτερικό περιβάλλον του ατόμου. Επιπλέον, κατέστησαν σαφή τον καταλυτικό ρόλο της δημιουργικότητας για την εμφάνιση και αναγνώριση της χαρισματικής συμπεριφοράς. Συμπερασματικά, προκύπτει ότι η ευφυΐα σε συνδυασμό με τη δημιουργικότητα μπορεί να αποτελέσουν τους καταλύτες για την εκδήλωση της χαρισματικότητας και τα εξαιρετικά επιτεύγματα του ατόμου, προς όφελος του κοινωνικού συνόλου.
Anna Matthaiou, Οικογένεια και σεξουαλικότητα: Μεταξύ παράδοσης και νεωτερικότητας (ελληνικές μαρτυρίες, 17ος–αρχές 19ου αι.) [Family and sexuality: Between tradition and modernity (Greek testimonies, 17th–early 19th centuries)]
Authors: Dialeti Androniki 
Published: October 2021

Review of Anna Matthaiou. Οικογένεια και σεξουαλικότητα: Μεταξύ παράδοσης και νεωτερικότητας (ελληνικές μαρτυρίες, 17ος–αρχές 19ου αι.) [Family and sexuality: Between tradition and modernity (Greek testimonies, 17th–early 19th centuries)]. Athens: Melissa, 2019. 276 pp.
Survival models for right censored breast cancer data: theory, application and comparison
Authors: Liaqat Madiha , Kamal Shahid , Fischer Florian , Fazil Waqas 
Published: October 2021

Background: Censoring frequently occurs in disease data analysis, which is a key characteristic of time to failure modeling. Typically, time to failure studies are conducted through non-parametric and semi-parametric modelling techniques. Parametric models provide more efficient estimates, but are seldomly used, because of some of the limitations and assumptions which need to be fulfilled to apply them. The aim of this study is to illustrate the theoretical and application limitations and performance of different flexible and standard parametric models to evaluate the prognostic value for mortality risk of breast cancer after recurrence among women. Methods: This article describes the theoretical properties of flexible parametric models and compares their performances to standard parametric models, by studying mortality in women diagnosed with breast cancer. We describe how time to failure data may be analyzed with nonlinear flexible models. In this regard, we apply fractional polynomials, spline models, piecewise exponential models, and piecewise exponential additive mixed models. We also illustrate properties of standard parametric models. All analyses have been conducted with multiple covariates to identify significant predictors. Information criteria have been used to evaluate performances of models. Results: Fractional polynomial and spline-based generalized additive models work well in capturing local fluctuations. Parameter estimation with a piecewise exponential additive mixed model (PAMM) as an extension of the piecewise exponential modelling (PEM) approach automatically penalizes model complexity, which is very helpful to avoid over fitting. Conclusions: Flexible parametric time to failure models are more efficient than standard parametric time to failure models. By incorporating time dependent covariates, PAMM is a good approach to perform in-depth studies of predictors over different finite intervals of follow-up time. Until now, this approach is rarely used in time to failure right censored studies.
Circulating microparticles are increased amongst people presenting with HIV and advanced immune suppression in Malawi and correlate closely with arterial stiffness: a nested case control study
Authors: Kelly Christine , Gurung Rijan , Kamng'ona Raphael , Sheha Irene , Chammudzi Mishek , Jambo Kondwani , Mallewa Jane , Rapala Alicja , Heyderman Rob , Mallon Patrick , Mwandumba Henry , Khoo Saye , Klein Nigel 
Published: October 2021

Background: We aimed to investigate whether circulating microparticle (CMPs) subsets were raised amongst people presenting with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and advanced immune suppression in Malawi, and whether they associated with arterial stiffness. Methods: Antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve adults with a new HIV diagnosis and CD4 <100 cells/µL had microparticle characterisation and carotid femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (cfPWV) at 2 weeks post ART initiation. HIV uninfected controls were matched on age, systolic blood pressure (BP) and diastolic BP in a 1:1 ratio. Circulating microparticles were identified from platelet poor plasma and stained for endothelial, leucocyte, monocyte and platelet markers. Results: The median (IQ) total CMP count for 71 participants was 1 log higher in HIV compared to those without (p<0.0001) and was associated with arterial stiffness (spearman rho 0.47, p<0.001). In adjusted analysis, every log increase in circulating particles showed a 20% increase in cfPWV (95% confidence interval [CI] 4 – 40%, p=0.02). In terms of subsets, endothelial and platelet derived microparticles were most strongly associated with HIV. Endothelial derived E-selectin+ CMPs were 1.3log-fold higher and platelet derived CD42a+ CMPs were 1.4log-fold higher (both p<0.0001). Endothelial and platelet derived CMPs also correlated most closely with arterial stiffness (spearman rho: E-selectin+ 0.57 and CD42a 0.56, both p<0.0001). Conclusions: Circulating microparticles associate strongly with arterial stiffness among people living with HIV in Malawi. Endothelial damage and platelet microparticles are the predominant cell origin types and future translational studies could consider prioritising these pathways.
Understanding the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on vulnerable populations in Malaysia through an ethical lens: A study of NGOs and organizations involved in aid distribution
Authors: Nungsari Melati , Hui Yin Chuah , Fong Nicole , Pillai Veena 
Published: October 2021

Background: Globally, vulnerable populations have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent responses, such as lockdown measures and mass vaccinations. Numerous ethical challenges have arisen at different levels, be it at the policy-making level or on the ground. For example, policymakers have to contain a highly contagious disease with high morbidity using scarce resources, while minimizing the medium- to long-term social and economic impacts induced by containment measures. This study explores the impact of COVID-19 on vulnerable populations in Malaysia by using an intersectional framework that accounts for overlapping forms of marginalization. Methods: This study utilizes in-depth qualitative data obtained from 34 individuals and organizations to understand the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on vulnerable populations in Malaysia. We utilize four principles of ethics to guide our coding and interpretation of the data – namely beneficence, non-maleficence, justice and autonomy. We utilize a frequency analysis to roughly understand the types of ethical issues that emerged. Using hermeneutic content analysis (HCA), we then explore how the principles interact with each other. Results: Through the frequently analysis, we found that although beneficence was very prevalent in our dataset, so was a significant amount of harm – as perpetuated through injustice, the removal or lack of autonomy and maleficence. We also unearthed a worrying landscape of harm and deep systemic issues associated with a lack of support for vulnerable households – further exacerbated during the pandemic. Conclusions: Policy recommendations for aid organizations and society to mitigate these ethical problems are presented, such as long overdue institutional reforms and stronger ethical practices rooted in human rights principles, which government agencies and aid providers can then use in the provision of aid to vulnerable populations.