bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency department management of severely injured children in New South Wales
Authors: Curtis Kate , Kennedy Belinda , Lam Mary K , Mitchell Rebecca J , Black Deborah , Burns Brian , Dinh Michael , Smith Holly , Holland Andrew JA 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivePresentations to EDs for major paediatric injury are considerably lower than for adults. International studies report lower levels of critical intervention, including intubation, required in injured children. A New South Wales study demonstrated an adverse event rate of 7.6% in children with major injury. Little is known about the care and interventions received by children presenting to Australian EDs with major injury.MethodsThe ED care of injured children <16 years who ultimately received definitive care at a New South Wales Paediatric Trauma Centre between July 2015 and September 2016, and had an Injury Severity Score ≥9, required intensive care admission or died were included.ResultsThere were 491 injured children who received treatment at 64 EDs, half (49.4%, n = 243) were treated initially in a Paediatric Trauma Centre. One third (32.8%) sustained an Injury Severity Score >12, more than half (n = 251, 51.1%) of children were classified as a triage category 1 or 2, and 38.3% received trauma team activation. Critical intervention was infrequent. Intubation was documented in 9.2% (n = 45), needle thoracostomy and activation of massive transfusion protocol in two (0.4%) and eight (1.6%) had intraosseous access established. Only a small proportion (14.7%, n = 63) had two or more observations outside the normal range.ConclusionA small proportion of children arriving in the ED post‐major trauma have deranged clinical observations and receive critical interventions. The limited exposure in the management of trauma in paediatric patients requires measures to ensure clinicians have adequate training, skills and confidence to manage these clinical presentations in all EDs.
Evaluation of reference genes for miRNA expression analysis inGaleruca daurica(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) using qRT‐PCR
Authors: Wang Hai‐Chao , Li Ling , Li Yan‐Yan , Tan Yao , Pang Bao‐Ping 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe selection of suitable reference genes (RGs) for data normalization is a crucial step for obtaining reliable results from gene expression analysis using the quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Expression stability of eleven putative RGs (miR‐100‐5p, miR‐92a‐3p, miR‐998‐3p, miR‐279d‐3p, miR‐305‐5p, miR‐276a‐3p, miR‐275‐3p, miR‐9a‐5p, miR‐2a‐3p, U6 snRNA and 5S rRNA) was assessed by using a web‐based tool: RefFinder, which integrates four algorithms (Delta Ct, geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper), and the best combination number of RGs was calculated by geNorm. Validation of selected RGs was performed by an expression analysis of let‐7‐5p under different experimental conditions. The best combinations of RGs were shown as follows: miR‐100‐5p + miR‐275‐3p for temperature treatment, miR‐100‐5p + miR‐305‐5p for adult tissues, miR‐276a‐3p + miR‐9a‐5p for genders, miR‐2a‐3p + miR‐276a‐3p for days after eclosion, U6 snRNA + miR‐9a‐5p + miR‐2a‐3p for developmental stages, and U6 snRNA + miR‐279d‐3p for all above conditions, and there was no one RG suitable for all experimental conditions. Incorrect RG selection affected the evaluation of let‐7‐5p abundance. Our findings demonstrate that an integrated approach of multiple algorithms is necessary to identify reliable, stable RGs for miRNA evaluation, and provide a basis for further studies on expression and function analysis of miRNAs and their target genes inGaleruca daurica, a new pest with great outbreaks in Inner Mongolia since 2009.
Changes in dependence, withdrawal, and craving among adult smokers who switch to nicotine salt pod‐based e‐cigarettes
Authors: Leavens Eleanor L. S. , Nollen Nicole L. , Ahluwalia Jasjit S. , Mayo Matthew S. , Rice Myra , Brett Emma I. , Pulvers Kim 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsFor electronic cigarettes (e‐cigarettes) to be a viable substitute for combustible cigarettes, it is likely that they must be rewarding enough for regular use, indicated by factors such as craving and dependence, important aspects of reinforcement. This study aimed to understand short‐term changes in measures of nicotine dependence between groups differing by use trajectory in a switching trial, and within group changes of these measures.DesignSecondary data analysis of one arm of an e‐cigarette randomized clinical trial.SettingSan Diego, California and Kansas City, Missouri, United States.Participants114 African American (n = 60) and Latinx (n = 54) smokers (58.8% male) attempting to switch to nicotine salt pod system (NSPS) e‐cigarettes in a 6‐week trial.MeasurementsAt week 6, participants were classified by use trajectory: exclusive smokers (n = 16), exclusive e‐cigarette (n = 32), or dual users (n = 66). E‐cigarette, cigarette, and total nicotine dependence (cigarette + e‐cigarette), use patterns, cigarette craving and nicotine withdrawal, and cotinine were assessed at baseline and week 6 using standard measures.FindingsIn between group comparisons, exclusive e‐cigarette and dual users showed greater reductions in cigarette dependence (e‐cigarette: −32.38, 95% CI = −37.7,−27.1; dual: −18.48, 95% CI = −22.2,−14.7), withdrawal (e‐cigarette: −6.25, 95% CI = −8.52,−3.98; dual: −3.18, 95% CI = −5.02,−1.34), craving (e‐cigarette: −11.44, 95% CI = −14.2,8.7; dual: −9.59, 95% CI = −11.6,−7.59), and cigarettes per day (CPD; e‐cigarette: −11.19, 95% CI = −13.1,−9.27; dual: −9.39, 95% CI = −11.3, −7.52) compared with exclusive smokers. In within group analyses, e‐cigarette and dual users showed reductions in craving and withdrawal from baseline to week 6. Exclusive e‐cigarette and dual users, maintained cotinine levels (all Ps > 0.05) and showed reductions in CPD and cigarette dependence (all Ps < 0.01). Findings were inconclusive regarding changes in total nicotine dependence from baseline to week 6 among exclusive e‐cigarette users (P = 0.123). Dual users showed increased total nicotine dependence (P < 0.001) and smokers showed decreased total dependence (P = 0.004).ConclusionsSmokers who switch to nicotine salt pod system e‐cigarettes maintain their nicotine levels and transfer their dependence, suggesting that nicotine salt pod system e‐cigarettes have a similar reinforcement potential to cigarettes and facilitate switching.
Alcohol use among young Australian adults in May–June 2020 during the COVID‐19 pandemic: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Clare Philip J. , Aiken Alexandra , Yuen Wing See , Upton Emily , Kypri Kypros , Degenhardt Louisa , Bruno Raimondo , McCambridge Jim , McBride Nyanda , Hutchinson Delyse , Slade Tim , Mattick Richard , Peacock Amy 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsTo estimate change in young people's alcohol consumption during COVID‐19 restrictions in Australia in early‐mid 2020, and test whether those changes were consistent by gender and level of consumption prior to the pandemic.DesignProspective longitudinal cohort.SettingSecondary schools in New South Wales, Tasmania and Western Australia.ParticipantsSubsample of a cohort (n = 443) recruited in the first year of secondary school in 2010–11. Analysis data included three waves collected in September 2017–July 2018, September 2018–May 2019 and August 2019–January 2020), and in May–June 2020.MeasurementsThe primary predictors were time, gender and level of consumption prior to the pandemic. Outcome variables, analysed by mixed‐effects models, included frequency and typical quantity of alcohol consumption, binge drinking, peak consumption, alcohol‐related harm and drinking contexts.FindingsOverall consumption (frequency × quantity) during the restrictions declined by 17% [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.83; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.73, 0.95] compared to February 2020, and there was a 35% decline in the rate of alcohol‐related harms in the same period (IRR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.54, 0.79). Changes in alcohol consumption were largely consistent by gender.ConclusionsFrom a survey of secondary school students in Australia, there is evidence for a reduction in overall consumption and related harms during the COVID‐19 restrictions.
The susceptibility of farmland loans to default under falling farmland and commodity prices
Authors: Wu Yifei , Dorfman Jeffrey H. , Brewer Brady E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPeriods of high commodity prices and rising farmland debt loads are typically accompanied with speculation that there will eventually be declines in commodity and farmland prices that may lead to a farm credit crisis. We evaluate the likelihood of such a crisis using a simulation model of heterogeneous farmers during periods of volatile commodity and farmland prices. This model simulates a period of increasing commodity and farmland prices with a subsequent drop in prices of farmland and commodities. We find default rates are less sensitive to commodity prices than farmland prices, that the length of time prices remain low matters significantly, and that when both farmland and commodity prices fall together defaults rise more than the sum of the responses to separate price shocks.
Use of a quality improvement strategy to introduce co‐design of the mental health discharge plan in rural and remote New South Wales
Authors: Kealy‐Bateman Warren , Ouliaris Calina , Viglione Luke , Wetton Rebecca , Bullen Patricia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractProblemPatients have not traditionally partnered in the design of their discharge plans, with discharge summaries at times not completed. In rural settings, discharge planning communicates care to a complex geographic area with fragmented resources. Patients may also be socially disadvantaged, with relatives and friends sometimes excluded.DesignSituational analysis and liaison with key partners occurred in the months prior to the core project. Opportunities for improvement were noted. An audit of all discharges in May 2020 was planned to assess rates of discharge completion, co‐design and inclusion of next of kin. Qualitative feedback was also noted from staff.SettingDubbo inpatient mental health units (Gundaymarra and Barraminya).Key measures for improvementRates of discharge summary completion, co‐design of discharge plan, engagement of next of kin. Qualitative measures included reflections of clinical staff involved.Strategy for changeJunior doctors were key in facilitating each patient to co‐design their discharge plan and collaborate with all biological and psychosocial treatments and providers in a forum for open discussion. The inclusion of nominated next of kin was core.Effects of changeDischarge summary completion rates were high; co‐design of discharge plans occurred frequently; and next of kin were involved with few exceptions. The adoption of the person as expert in modifying their plan became a norm. Medical staff wanted this care frame for each person.Lessons learntEngaging patients and their next of kin directly in their discharge planning improves care opportunities in a rural setting, as well as understanding for all parties. This approach also prioritises the process of discharge completion.
Understanding the “extracorporeal membrane oxygenation gap” in veno‐arterial configuration for adult patients: Timing and causes of death
Authors: Makhoul Maged , Heuts Samuel , Mansouri Abdulrahman , Taccone Fabio Silvio , Obeid Amir , Mirko Belliato , Broman Lars Mikael , Malfertheiner Maximilian Valentin , Meani Paolo , Raffa Giuseppe Maria , Delnoij Thijs , Maessen Jos , Bolotin Gil , Lorusso Roberto 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTiming and causes of hospital mortality in adult patients undergoing veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V‐A ECMO) have been poorly described. Aim of the current review was to investigate the timing and causes of death of adult patients supported with V‐A ECMO and subsequently define the “V‐A ECMO gap,” which represents the patients who are successfully weaned of ECMO but eventually die during hospital stay. A systematic search was performed using electronic MEDLINE and EMBASE databases through PubMed. Studies reporting on adult V‐A ECMO patients from January 1993 to December 2020 were screened. The studies included in this review were studies that reported more than 10 adult, human patients, and no mechanical circulatory support other than V‐A ECMO. Information extracted from each study included mainly mortality and causes of death on ECMO and after weaning. Complications and discharge rates were also extracted. Sixty studies with 9181 patients were included for analysis in this systematic review. Overall mortality was 38.0% (95% confidence intervals [CIs] 34.2%‐41.9%) during V‐A ECMO support (reported by 60 studies) and 15.3% (95% CI 11.1%‐19.5%, reported by 57 studies) after weaning. Finally, 44.0% of patients (95% CI 39.8‐52.2) were discharged from hospital (reported by 60 studies). Most common causes of death on ECMO were multiple organ failure, followed by cardiac failure and neurological causes. More than one‐third of V‐A ECMO patients die during ECMO support. Additionally, many of successfully weaned patients still decease during hospital stay, defining the “V‐A ECMO gap.” Underreporting and lack of uniformity in reporting of important parameters remains problematic in ECMO research. Future studies should uniformly define timing and causes of death in V‐A ECMO patients to better understand the effectiveness and complications of this support.
Antecedents of corporate misconduct: A linguistic content analysis of decoupling tendencies in sustainability reporting
Authors: Conrad Marcus , Holtbrügge Dirk 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCorporate social irresponsibility and corporate misconducts are a severe threat to the endeavours to establish more responsible business practices. Therefore, academia and practice alike try to find ways to anticipate these behaviors. In this regard, linguistic analysis can provide an approach to detect decoupling tendencies of firms, that is to identify firms that fail to walk the talk. This paper examines how the sustainability reports of eight manufacturing firms in the automotive and aircraft industries differ in regard to their linguistic composition. By applying the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count software, we emphasize how sustainability reports of decouplers and implementors differ in morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics. The analysis reveals that decouplers, among other factors, communicate in a less cognitively complex way. As they use shorter sentences, more informal language, less past and future references, and fewer conjunctions, we derive that decouplers are characterized by a lower linguistic sophistication. Moreover, decouplers’ reports can be classified by their linguistic hubris, which is defined by fewer emotional references, more self‐references, less references to risk and anxiety, and heavy reliance on male language. The paper contributes to the debate on decoupling and corporate social irresponsibility, identifies linguistic antecedents of corporate misconduct, and enriches the domain of CSR reporting with a linguistic perspective. It supports the understanding of managers, policymakers and stakeholders of firms to evaluate whether a firm may fail to walk the talk.
Cancer‐associated fibroblasts in renal cell carcinoma: implication in prognosis and resistance to anti‐angiogenic therapy
Authors: Ambrosetti Damien , Coutts Michael , Paoli Charlotte , Durand Matthieu , Borchiellini Delphine , Montemagno Christopher , Rastoin Olivia , Borderie Arnaud , Grepin Renaud , Rioux‐Leclercq Nathalie , Bernhard Jean‐Christophe , Pagès Gilles , Dufies Maeva 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate the role of cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) with respect to tumour aggressiveness, metastasis development, and resistance to anti‐angiogenic therapy (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors [VEGFR‐TKI]).Patients and MethodsOur study involved tissue samples from three distinct and independent cohorts of patients with ccRCC. The presence of CAFs and tumour lymphangiogenesis was investigated, respectively, by transcriptional signatures and then correlated with tumour development and prognosis. The effect of these CAFs on tumour cell migration and VEGFR‐TKI resistance was analysed on co‐cultures of ccRCC cells with CAFs.ResultsResults from our cohorts and from in silico investigations showed that VEGFR‐TKI significantly increase the number of CAFs in tumours. In the same populations of patients with ccRCC, the proportion of intra‐tumoral CAFs correlated to shorter disease‐free and overall survival. The presence of CAFs was also correlated with lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis. CAFs increased the migration and decreased the VEGFR‐TKI‐dependent cytotoxic effect of tumour cells.ConclusionsOur results show that VEGFR‐TKI promote the development of CAFs, and CAFs favour tumour aggressiveness, metastatic dissemination, and resistance to treatment in ccRCC. CAFs could represent a new therapeutic target to fight resistance to treatment of ccRCC. Targeting CAF and immunotherapies combination are emerging as efficient treatments in many types of solid tumours. Our results highlight their relevance in ccRCC.
Delta‐like canonical Notch ligand 3 as a potential therapeutic target in malignancies: A brief overview
Authors: Matsuo Kentaro , Taniguchi Kohei , Hamamoto Hiroki , Inomata Yosuke , Komura Kazumasa , Tanaka Tomohito , Lee Sang‐Woong , Uchiyama Kazuhisa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDelta‐like canonical Notch ligand 3 (DLL3) is a member of the Delta/Serrate/Lag2 (DSL) Notch receptor ligand family and plays a crucial role in Notch signaling, which influences various cellular processes including differentiation, proliferation, survival, and apoptosis. DLL3 is expressed throughout the presomitic mesoderm and is localized to the rostral somatic compartments; mutations in DLL3 induce skeletal abnormalities such as spondylocostal dysostosis. Recently, DLL3 has attracted interest as a novel molecular target due to its high expression in neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung. Moreover, a DLL3‐targeting Ab‐drug conjugate, rovalpituzumab tesirine (ROVA‐T), has been developed as a new treatment with proven antitumor activity. However, the development of ROVA‐T was suspended because of shorter overall survival compared to topotecan, the second‐line standard treatment. Thus, several studies on the mechanism and function of DLL3 in several malignancies are underway to find a new strategy for targeting DLL3. In this review, we discuss the roles of DLL3 in various malignancies and the future perspectives of DLL3‐related research, especially as a therapeutic target.
Anti-vimentin/cardiolipin IgA in the anti-phospholipid syndrome: A new tool for ‘seronegative’ diagnosis
Authors: Capozzi Antonella , Riitano Gloria , Mancuso Silvia , Recalchi Serena , Manganelli Valeria , Garofalo Tina , Alessandri Cristiano , Longo Agostina , Misasi Roberta , Conti Fabrizio , Truglia Simona , Sorice Maurizio 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disorder defined by the simultaneous presence of vascular clinical events, pregnancy morbidity and anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPL). In clinical practice, it is possible to find patients with APS who are persistently negative for the routine aPL tests (seronegative APS; SN-APS). Recently, the identification of aPL immunoglobulin (Ig)A and/or anti-β2-glycoprotein-I (β2-GPI) IgA was shown to represent a further test in SN-APS patients. In this study we analyzed the presence of anti-vimentin/cardiolipin (aVim/CL) IgA in a large cohort of patients with SN-APS, evaluating their possible association with clinical manifestations of the syndrome. This study includes 60 consecutive SN-APS patients, 30 patients with APS and 40 healthy donors. aVim/CL IgA were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results show that 12 of 30 APS patients (40%) and 16 of 60 SN-APS patients (26.7%) resulted positive for aVim/CL IgA. Interestingly, SN-APS patients who tested positive for aVim/CL IgA showed a higher prevalence of arterial thrombosis (p = 0.017, likelihood positive ratio = 5.7). This study demonstrates for the first time, to our knowledge, the presence of aVim/CL IgA in sera of patients with APS. In particular, they revealed a potential usefulness in identification of a significant proportion of SN-APS patients. Moreover, as patients tested positive for aVim/CL IgA reported a high likelihood ratio to have the clinical features of APS, this test may be considered a suitable approach in the clinical evaluation of SN-APS.
Adaptive immune system in pulmonary sarcoidosis—Comparison of peripheral and alveolar biomarkers
Authors: d'Alessandro Miriana , Bergantini Laura , Cameli Paolo , Mezzasalma Fabrizio , Refini Rosa Metella , Pieroni Maria , Sestini Piersante , Bargagli Elena 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSarcoidosis is a multi-systemic granulomatous disease of unknown origin. Recent research has focused upon the role of autoimmunity in its development and progression. This study aimed to determine and define the disturbance and distribution of T and B cell subsets in the alveolar and peripheral compartments. Thirteen patients were selected for the study [median age, interquartile range (IQR) = 57 years (48–59); 23% were male]. Twelve healthy controls [median age, IQR = 53 years (52–65); 16% male] were also enrolled into the study. Cellular and cytokine patterns were measured using the cytofluorimetric approach. Peripheral CD8 percentages were higher in sarcoidosis patients (SP) than healthy controls (HC) (p = 0.0293), while CD4 percentages were lower (p = 0.0305). SP showed low bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) percentages of CD19 (p = 0.0004) and CD8 (p = 0.0035), while CD19+CD5+CD27− percentages were higher (p = 0.0213); the same was found for CD4 (p = 0.0396), follicular regulatory T cells (Treg) (p = 0.0078) and Treg (p &lt; 0.0001) cells. Low T helper type 17 (Th17) percentages were observed in BAL (p = 0.0063) of SP. Peripheral CD4+ C-X-C chemokine receptor (CXCR)5+CD45RA−) percentages and follicular T helper cells (Tfh)-like Th1 (Tfh1) percentages (p = 0.0493 and p = 0.0305, respectively) were higher in the SP than HC. Tfh1 percentages and Tfh-like Th2 percentages were lower in BAL than in peripheral blood (p = 0.0370 and p = 0.0078, respectively), while CD4+ C-X-C motif CXCR5+CD45RA− percentages were higher (p = 0.0011). This is the first study, to our knowledge, to demonstrate a link between an imbalance in circulating and alveolar Tfh cells, especially CCR4-, CXCR3- and CXCR5-expressing Tfh subsets in the development of sarcoidosis. These findings raise questions about the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis and may provide new directions for future clinical studies and treatment strategies.