bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resection of the proximal femur during one-stage revision for infected hip arthroplasty
Authors: Abdelaziz Hussein , Schröder Michael , Shum Tien Calvin , Ibrahim Kahled , Gehrke Thorsten , Salber Jochen , Citak Mustafa 
Published: November 2021

Aims One-stage revision hip arthroplasty for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) has several advantages; however, resection of the proximal femur might be necessary to achieve higher success rates. We investigated the risk factors for resection and re-revisions, and assessed complications and subsequent re-revisions. Methods In this single-centre, case-control study, 57 patients who underwent one-stage revision arthroplasty for PJI of the hip and required resection of the proximal femur between 2009 and 2018 were identified. The control group consisted of 57 patients undergoing one-stage revision without bony resection. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify any correlation with resection and the risk factors for re-revisions. Rates of all-causes re-revision, reinfection, and instability were compared between groups. Results Patients who required resection of the proximal femur were found to have a higher all-cause re-revision rate (29.8% vs 10.5%; p = 0.018), largely due to reinfection (15.8% vs 0%; p = 0.003), and dislocation (8.8% vs 10.5%; p = 0.762), and showed higher rate of in-hospital wound haematoma requiring aspiration or evacuation (p = 0.013), and wound revision (p = 0.008). The use of of dual mobility components/constrained liner in the resection group was higher than that of controls (94.7% vs 36.8%; p < 0.001). The presence and removal of additional metal hardware (odds ratio (OR) = 7.2), a sinus tract (OR 4), ten years’ time interval between primary implantation and index infection (OR 3.3), and previous hip revision (OR 1.4) increased the risk of proximal femoral resection. A sinus tract (OR 9.2) and postoperative dislocation (OR 281.4) were associated with increased risk of subsequent re-revisions. Conclusion Proximal femoral resection during one-stage revision hip arthroplasty for PJI may be required to reduce the risk of of recurrent or further infection. Patients with additional metalware needing removal or transcortical sinus tracts and chronic osteomyelitis are particularly at higher risk of needing proximal femoral excision. However, radical resection is associated with higher surgical complications and increased re-revision rates. The use of constrained acetabular liners and dual mobility components maintained an acceptable dislocation rate. These results, including identified risk factors, may aid in preoperative planning, patient consultation and consent, and intraoperative decision-making. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(11):1678–1685.
High performance FIR thermometry on the basis of the redshift of CTB by dual-wavelength alternative excitation in Eu3+:YVO4
Authors: Peng Lixin , Zhou Yuan , Qin Feng , Li LeiPeng , Zhang ZhiGuo 
Published: November 2021

Compared with the forbidden 4f transition of rare earth ions, the strong absorption of the charge transfer band (CTB) enabled fluorescence thermometry to have high luminescence efficiency. Based on the temperature induced redshift of CTB, a high performance fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) thermometry performed by dual-wavelength alternative excitation was studied. By way of the rising and falling edges of CTB in

E

u

3

+

doped

Y
V
O

4

, monochrome sensitivity as a function of excitation wavelength was studied in the range of 303–783 K. The excitation wavelength with the highest positive monochrome sensitivity was determined, as well as that with the negative one. The optimum FIR temperature sensing strategy is proposed, and the theoretical highest relative sensitivity (

S

r

) is calculated to be 1.86%

K

−
1

, with the lowest uncertainty (

Δ
T

) of 0.1 K at 783 K.
Opioid prescribing among new users for non-cancer pain in the USA, Canada, UK, and Taiwan: A population-based cohort study
Authors: Jani Meghna , Girard Nadyne , Bates David W. , Buckeridge David L. , Sheppard Therese , Li Jack , Iqbal Usman , Vik Shelly , Weaver Colin , Seidel Judy , Dixon William G. , Tamblyn Robyn 
Published: November 2021

Background
The opioid epidemic in North America has been driven by an increase in the use and potency of prescription opioids, with ensuing excessive opioid-related deaths. Internationally, there are lower rates of opioid-related mortality, possibly because of differences in prescribing and health system policies. Our aim was to compare opioid prescribing rates in patients without cancer, across 5 centers in 4 countries. In addition, we evaluated differences in the type, strength, and starting dose of medication and whether these characteristics changed over time.

Methods and findings
We conducted a retrospective multicenter cohort study of adults who are new users of opioids without prior cancer. Electronic health records and administrative health records from Boston (United States), Quebec and Alberta (Canada), United Kingdom, and Taiwan were used to identify patients between 2006 and 2015. Standard dosages in morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) were calculated according to The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Age- and sex-standardized opioid prescribing rates were calculated for each jurisdiction. Of the 2,542,890 patients included, 44,690 were from Boston (US), 1,420,136 Alberta, 26,871 Quebec (Canada), 1,012,939 UK, and 38,254 Taiwan. The highest standardized opioid prescribing rates in 2014 were observed in Alberta at 66/1,000 persons compared to 52, 51, and 18/1,000 in the UK, US, and Quebec, respectively. The median MME/day (IQR) at initiation was highest in Boston at 38 (20 to 45); followed by Quebec, 27 (18 to 43); Alberta, 23 (9 to 38); UK, 12 (7 to 20); and Taiwan, 8 (4 to 11). Oxycodone was the first prescribed opioid in 65% of patients in the US cohort compared to 14% in Quebec, 4% in Alberta, 0.1% in the UK, and none in Taiwan. One of the limitations was that data were not available from all centers for the entirety of the 10-year period.

Conclusions
In this study, we observed substantial differences in opioid prescribing practices for non-cancer pain between jurisdictions. The preference to start patients on higher MME/day and more potent opioids in North America may be a contributing cause to the opioid epidemic.
Nudge strategies for behavior-based prevention and control of neglected tropical diseases: A scoping review and ethical assessment
Authors: Vande Velde Fiona , Overgaard Hans J. , Bastien Sheri 
Published: November 2021

Background
Nudging, a strategy that uses subtle stimuli to direct people’s behavior, has recently been included as an effective and low-cost behavior change strategy in low- and middle- income countries (LMIC), targeting behavior-based prevention and control of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). The present scoping review aims to provide a timely overview of how nudge interventions have been applied within this field. In addition, the review proposes a framework for the ethical consideration of nudges for NTD prevention and control, or more broadly global health promotion.

Methods
A comprehensive search was performed in several databases: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Embase (Ovid), Web of Science Core Collection, CINAHL, ERIC and Econ.Lit (EBSCO), as well as registered trials and reviews in CENTRAL and PROSPERO to identify ongoing or unpublished studies. Additionally, studies were included through a handpicked search on websites of governmental nudge units and global health or development organizations.

Results
This scoping review identified 33 relevant studies, with only two studies targeting NTDs in particular, resulting in a total of 67 nudge strategies. Most nudges targeted handwashing behavior and were focused on general health practices rather than targeting a specific disease. The most common nudge strategies were those targeting decision assistance, such as facilitating commitment and reminder actions. The majority of nudges were of moderate to high ethical standards, with the highest standards being those that had the most immediate and significant health benefits, and those implemented by agents in a trust relationship with the target audience.

Conclusion
Three key recommendations should inform research investigating nudge strategies in global health promotion in general. Firstly, future efforts should investigate the different opportunities that nudges present for targeting NTDs in particular, rather than relying solely on integrated health promotion approaches. Secondly, to apply robust study designs including rigorous process and impact evaluation which allow for a better understanding of ‘what works’ and ‘how it works’. Finally, to consider the ethical implications of implementing nudge strategies, specifically in LMIC.
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in underserved communities of North Carolina
Authors: Doherty Irene A. , Pilkington William , Brown Laurin , Billings Victoria , Hoffler Undi , Paulin Lisa , Kimbro K. Sean , Baker Brittany , Zhang Tianduo , Locklear Tracie , Robinson Seronda , Kumar Deepak 
Published: November 2021

Background
In the United States, underserved communities including Blacks and Latinx are disproportionately affected by COVID-19. This study sought to estimate the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, describe attitudes related to vaccination, and identify correlates among historically marginalized populations across 9 counties in North Carolina.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey distributed at free COVID-19 testing events in underserved rural and urban communities from August 27 –December 15, 2020. Vaccine hesitancy was defined as the response of “no” or “don’t know/not sure” to whether the participant would get the COVID-19 vaccine as soon as it became available.

Results
The sample comprised 948 participants including 27.7% Whites, 59.6% Blacks, 12.7% Latinx, and 63% female. 32% earned <$20K annually, 60% owned a computer and ~80% had internet access at home. The prevalence of vaccine hesitancy was 68.9% including 62.7%, 74%, and 59.5% among Whites, Blacks, and Latinx, respectively. Between September and December, the largest decline in vaccine hesitancy occurred among Whites (27.5 percentage points), followed by Latinx (17.6) and only 12.0 points among Blacks. 51.2% of respondents reported vaccine safety concerns, 23.7% wanted others to get vaccinated first, and 63.1% would trust health care providers about the COVID-19 vaccine. Factors associated with hesitancy in multivariable logistic regression included being female (OR = 1.90 95%CI [1.36, 2.64]), being Black (OR = 1.68 1.16, 2.45]), calendar month (OR = 0.76 [0.63, 0.92]), safety concerns (OR = 4.28 [3.06, 5.97]), and government distrust (OR = 3.57 [2.26, 5.63]).

Conclusions
This study engaged the community to directly reach underserved minority populations at highest risk of COVID-19 that permitted assessment of vaccine hesitancy (which was much higher than national estimates), driven in part by distrust, and safety concerns.
Return to work of transgender people: A systematic review through the blender of occupational health
Authors: Van de Cauter Joy , Van Schoorisse Hanna , Van de Velde Dominique , Motmans Joz , Braeckman Lutgart 
Published: November 2021

Background and objectives
Return to work (RTW) or work resumption after a work absence due to psychosocial or medical reasons benefits the well-being of a person, including transgender people, and is nowadays a major research domain. The objective is to examine, through an occupational lens, the literature reporting objective RTW outcomes and experiences in transgender people to (a) synthesize what is known about return to work (full-time, part-time, or self-employed) and (b) describe which gaps persist.

Methods & sample
Several databases and the gray literature were explored systematically. Studies between November 1, 2006 and March 1, 2021 revealing RTW quantitative and qualitative data of adult transgender people were eligible. This review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42019128395) on April 30, 2019.

Results
Among the 14,592 articles initially identified, 97 fulfilled the inclusion criteria which resulted in 20 being analyzed. Objective RTW outcomes, such as number of RTW attempts, time to RTW or number of sick days, were lacking; thus, other relevant work outcomes were reported. Compared to the general population, lower employment rates and more economic distress were observed, with trans women in particular saying that their work situation had deteriorated. Research on positive RTW experiences was highlighted by the importance of disclosure, the support from especially managers and coworkers who acted as mediators, personal coping, and a transition plan along with work accommodations. Negative work experiences, such as demotion, lay-offs, and discrimination were often prominent together with a lack of knowledge of trans issues among all stakeholders, including occupational health professionals.

Conclusion & recommendations
Few studies have explored employment characteristics and experiences of transgender people (TP). RTW is a dynamic process along with transition in itself, which should be tailored through supportive policies, education, a transition plan and work accommodations with the help of external experts. Future studies should include more occupational information and report RTW outcomes to enhance our knowledge about the guidance of TP and to make way for interventional studies.
A randomized community trial to advance digital epidemiological and mHealth citizen scientist compliance: A smart platform study
Authors: Katapally Tarun Reddy , Hammami Nour , Chu Luan Manh 
Published: November 2021

Background
This study aims to understand how participants’ compliance and response rates to both traditional validated surveys and ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) vary across 4 cohorts who participated in the same mHealth study and received the same surveys and EMAs on their smartphones, however with cohort-specific time-triggers that differed across the 4 cohorts.

Methods
As part of the Smart Platform, adult citizen scientists residing in Regina and Saskatoon, Canada, were randomly assigned to 4 cohorts in 2018. Citizen Scientists provided a complex series of subjective and objective data during 8 consecutive days using a custom-built smartphone application. All citizen scientists responded to both validated surveys and EMAs that captured physical activity. However, using Smart Platform, we varied the burden of responding to validated surveys and EMAs across cohorts by using different time-triggered push notifications. Participants in Cohort 1 (n = 10) received the full baseline 209-item validated survey on day 1 of the study; whereas participants in cohorts 2 (n = 26), 3 (n = 10), and 4 (n = 25) received the same survey in varied multiple sections over a period of 4 days. We used weighted One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tests and weighted, linear regression models to assess for differences in compliance rate across the cohort groups controlling for age, gender, and household income.

Results
Compliance to EMAs that captured prospective physical activity varied across cohorts 1 to 4: 50.0% (95% Confidence Interval [C.I.] = 31.4, 68.6), 63.0% (95% C.I. = 50.7, 75.2), 37.5% (95% C.I. = 18.9, 56.1), and 61.2% (95% C.I. = 47.4, 75.0), respectively. The highest completion rate of physical activity validated surveys was observed in Cohort 4 (mean = 97.9%, 95% C.I. = 95.5, 100.0). This was also true after controlling for age, gender, and household income. The regression analyses showed that citizen scientists in Cohorts 2, 3, and 4 had significantly higher compliance with completing the physical activity validated surveys relative to citizen scientists in cohort group 1 who completed the full survey on the first day.

Conclusions & significances
The findings show that maximizing the compliance rates of research participants for digital epidemiological and mHealth studies requires a balance between rigour of data collection, minimization of survey burden, and adjustment of time- and user-triggered notifications based on citizen or patient input.
Formação Continuada de Professores no Uso de Tecnologias Digitais / Continuous Teacher Training in The Use of Digital Technologies
Authors: Santos Camila Santos dos , Tigre Maria Antonieta Pereira 
Published: November 2021

Resumo:O presente trabalho, busca analisar qual(is) formação(ões) os professores têm atualmente na área das tecnologias digitais e como integram ferramentas digitais às práticas pedagógicas. Os objetivos da pesquisa são: identificar nas produções literárias possíveis etapas de uma formação continuada; investigar nos questionários obtidos com a pesquisa de campo quais os motivos que impedem a formação continuada e descrever o perfil dos professores, além de analisar as informações colhidas no questionário. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo de campo com professores da educação básica de Vitória da Conquista – BA. Como uma pesquisa do tipo exploratória, houve levantamento bibliográfico, entrevistas e exemplos que estimulam a compreensão do assunto. Pode-se concluir que ainda é presente a desqualificação dos docentes quanto ao uso das tecnologias educacionais e que estes carecem de formação continuada, sendo algo preocupante levando em conta o momento atual, onde há imersão total das tecnologias na prática docente. Palavras – chave: Formação Continuada; Novas Metodologias. Tecnologias Digitais. Abstract: This paper seeks to analyze what training(s) teachers currently have in the area of digital technologies and how they integrate digital tools into pedgogical practices. The research objectives are: to identify possible stages of continuing education in literary productions; investigate, in the questionnaires obtained from the field research, which are the reasons that prevent continuing education and describe the profile of teachers, in addition to analyzing the information collected in the questionnaire. For this, a field study was carried out with basic education teachers from Vitória da Conquista – BA. As exploratory research, there was a bibliographic survey, interviews and examples that stimulate the understanding of the subject. It can be concluded that the disqualification of teachers regarding the use of educational technologies is still present and that they lack continuing education, which is a concern considering the current moment, where there is total immersion of technologies in teaching practice. Keywords: Continuing Education; New Methodologies. Digital Technologies.
Perfil Metacognitivo de Estudantes Universitários e suas Estratégias de Autorregulação de Aprendizagem / Metacognitive Profile of University Students and its Learning Self-Regulation Strategies
Authors: Vieira Maria do Socorro Tavares Cavalcante , Sousa Geida Maria Cavalcanti de , Nascimento junior José Roberto Andrade do 
Published: November 2021

Resumo: A autorregulação apresenta-se como um conceito extenso e vem sendo utilizado nos mais diferentes contextos e áreas de conhecimento. O estudo buscou averiguar a associação de atitudes de estudo e a utilização de estratégias de aprendizagem autorregulada por licenciandos dos cursos de Química e de Física. A amostra de 66 estudantes do Campus Petrolina do IF SertãoPE, foi analisado se o gênero e o curso podem ser associados à utilização de estratégias de aprendizado autorregulado. A pesquisa utilizou-se de questionários de escala nominal para descrição de atitudes de estudo autorreguladas e perfil socioeconômico dos voluntários. A análise dos dados ocorreu através de um software estatístico, com uso de testes descritivos e inferenciais. Os resultados apontaram correlações significativas entre memória e planejamento, controle e conhecimento processual, indicando associação linear entre as variáveis, significando que os estudantes demonstraram que fazem associação entre atitudes de estudo e a utilização de aprendizado autorregulado. Abstract: Self-regulation is an extensive concept and has been used in different contexts and areas of knowledge. The study sought to investigate the association of study attitudes and the use of self-regulated learning strategies by undergraduates of Chemistry and Physics courses. The sample of 66 students from the Petrolina Campus of the IFSertãoPE was analyzed if gender and course could be associated with the use of self-regulated learning strategies. The research used nominal scale questionnaires to describe self-regulated study attitudes and socioeconomic profile of the volunteers. Data analysis was performed using statistical software, using descriptive and inferential tests. The results showed significant correlations between memory and planning, control and procedural knowledge, indicating a linear association between the variables, meaning that students demonstrated an association between study attitudes and the use of self-regulated learning. Keywords: Self-regulation; metacognition; learning.
Tecnologias Educacionais: Software Geogebra Auxiliando na Geometria Espacial do Ensino Médio / Educational Technologies: Geogebra Software Helping High School Spatial Geometry
Authors: Gondim Francisco de Assis Da Silva , Angelim Clenilson Panta 
Published: November 2021

Resumo: A globalização trouxe uma grande abertura para os mercados internacionais, por ter descaracterizado as fronteiras físicas entre os países que trocam informações em alta velocidade e possibilitam ao comércio internacionalizar-se definitivamente. Por outro lado, disseminou a utilização das novas Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação indiscriminadamente, inclusive as instituições de ensino a buscarem estratégias para manterem seus alunos motivados para o aprendizado. Nesse contexto, as escolas têm que apoiar-se em recursos altamente tecnológicos para atender sua clientela ávida por tecnologias, mas que não têm background para utilizá-las de modo conveniente para buscar o conhecimento. São professores que devem esmerar-se no sentido de propiciar meios cada vez mais sofisticados para manterem alunos envolvidos. Esse trabalho tem por objetivo mostrar as vantagens da utilização das ferramentas tecnológicas no ensino da Geometria Espacial. A metodologia adotada para desenvolvimento dessa pesquisa é a pesquisa bibliográfica, mas especificamente, a pesquisa explioratória que tem por disciplina a coleta e seleção dos dados, a escolha das fontes bibliográficas compostas por livros e artigos referentes ao tema.Palavras-Chave: Geometria, espacial, ensino, TICs., Geogebra. Abstract: Globalization has brought a great opening to international markets, as it has de-characterized the physical borders between countries that exchange information at high speed and enable commerce to definitively internationalize. On the other hand, it disseminated the use of new Information and Communication Technologies indiscriminately, including educational institutions to seek strategies to keep their students motivated for learning. In this context, schools have to relyon highly technological resources to serve their clientele who are eager for technologies, but who do not have the background to use them in a convenient way to seek knowledge. They are teachers who must strive to provide increasingly sophisticated means to keep students involved. This work aims to show the advantages of using technological tools in teaching Spatial Geometry. The methodology adopted for the development of this research is the bibliographic research, but specifically, the exploratory research whose discipline is the collection and selection of data, the choice of bibliographic sources composed of books and articles referring to the theme.Keywords: Geometry, spatial, teaching, ICTs., Geogebra.