bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability Issues of Thin Film Transistors Subject to Electrostatic Discharge Stresses: An Overview
Authors: Yan Yan , Lan Wenrui , Chen Yuankang , Yang Dongbu , Zhou Ye , Zhu Zhihua , Liou Juin J 
Published: December 2021

AbstractElectrostatic discharge (ESD) is one of the most prevalent threats to the reliability of electronic components, which can result in a very high current passing through the device or microchip within a very short period of time, and cause serious irreversible damage. Thin film transistors (TFTs) are widely used in flat panel display, sensor, memristor, radio frequency identification, and other fields. But unlike the CMOS technology, TFTs can be fabricated in several various processes including amorphous Si, polycrystalline Si, metal oxide, organics, etc. As such, TFTs are prone to different types of reliability issues, and a unified overview on the subject would be beneficial to the electron devices community. The topic of the reliability issues of TFTs in different processes subject to ESD stresses has gained increasing attentions, but the reports and results are scattered. In the review, the existing articles on this topic are summarized. The characterization of TFTs under ESD stress is introduced and the failure mechanisms of various semiconductor based TFTs are compared and analyzed. Optimization methods to improve ESD robustness are presented. Finally, a conclusion and a perspective in the field of research on ESD reliability of TFTs are summarized.
Highly Sensitive MXene Helical Yarn/Fabric Tactile Sensors Enabling Full Scale Movement Detection of Human Motions
Authors: Li Han , Cao Jiqiang , Chen Junli , Liu Xiao , Shao Yawen , Du Zhaoqun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTextile‐based wearable electronics combined with nanomaterials are ideal devices that have good electrical and thermal conductivity, and flexibility. With a metal conductivity and metalloid flexibility, 2D titanium carbide MXene is excellent enough for producing intelligent textiles. Here, a wrapping forming method is provided to fabricate MXene textile strain (MTS) sensors with high gauge factor (GF) of 715.94 as high as strain of 200%. Periodic cycling indicated that the MTS wrapped yarn is stable, which can track changes of facial expressions precisely as the small deformation. Weaving MTS yarns into fabric as glove and sensing belt can recognize sign language and record middle and large motions of human body, respectively. On the other hand, walking postures and electric heating are accurately detected by coating MXene dispersions on elastic and breathable spacer fabric as piezoresistive insoles, which is especially beneficial to the elderly and patients with foot diseases. Therefore, a unique strategy is proposed for full scale human motions monitoring by fabricating MXene helical yarns served as sensitive strain sensors, weft rib fabric that detected the in‐plane deformations and spacer fabric piezoresistive insole behaved as pressure sensors to monitor the step patterns so that suiting for wearable versatile sensing system.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Deep Blue Hydrophobic Carbon Dots with Room Temperature Phosphorescence, White Light Emission, and Explosive Sensor
Authors: Pagidi Sudhakar , Sadhanala Hari Krishna , Sharma Kusha , Gedanken Aharon 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBright luminescent hydrophobic carbon dots receive significant attention on account of their potential utility in bio‐imaging, sensors, and creating a full range of colors in displays. Herein, the solvothermal one‐pot synthesis of nitrogen and sulfur‐doped hydrophobic carbon dots (HCDs) from a single precursor, is reported. These HCDs exhibit good dispersibility in different organic solvents and show blue fluorescence in solid and solution states. Notably, HCDs show green color room temperature phosphorescence emission centered at 515 nm with a long average lifetime of 1.1 ms and an ultralong lifetime of 334 ms at 77 K. An intense white light with Commission international de d'Eclairage chromaticity coordinate of (0.32, 0.34) is generated by a simple mixing of HCDs with rhodamine 6G in the solution state. Furthermore, these HCDs are explored for the rapid detection of extremely hazardous and strong explosive picric acid in a non‐aqueous solution with a limit of detection of 3.2 µm and good selectivity.
High‐Entropy Carbonitride MAX Phases and Their Derivative MXenes
Authors: Du Zhiguo , Wu Cheng , Chen Yuchuan , Zhu Qi , Cui Yanglansen , Wang Haiyang , Zhang Yongzheng , Chen Xiao , Shang Jiaxiang , Li Bin , Chen Weihua , Liu Chuntai , Yang Shubin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlthough high‐entropy layered transition metal carbonitride MAX phases and their derivative MXenes have been proposed to exhibit unique physicochemical features for widespread applications, it is still challenging to synthesize them owing to the easy formation of separated phases during the traditional synthetic process. Here, a new high‐entropy carbonitride MAX phase (HE CN‐MAX, (Ti1/3V1/6Zr1/6Nb1/6Ta1/6)2AlCxN1–x) is synthesized on the basis of metallurgically treating medium‐entropy MAX (ME‐MAX) (Zr1/3Nb1/3Ta1/3)2AlC and other MAX phases (Ti4AlN3 and V2AlC). During the metallurgical process, the unique usage of a medium‐entropy MAX phase effectively solves the phase separation issue for the formation of a high‐entropy MAX phase owing to their low entropy difference. After selective extraction of an A species, a high‐entropy carbonitride MXene (HE CN‐MXene) with high mechanical strains and five types of metal‐nitrogen bonds is achieved, which shows good adsorption and catalytic activities for lithium polysulfides. As a result, a lithium–sulfur battery with HE CN‐MXene delivers a high‐rate capability (702 mAh g−1 at 4 C) and good cycling stability.
Morphology Selection Kinetics of Li Sphere via Interface Regulation at High Current Density for Pragmatic Li Metal Batteries
Authors: Luo Yang , Li Tianyu , Yang Xiaofei , Zhang Hongzhang , Jia Ziyang , Yan Jingwang , Li Xianfeng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUncontrollable lithium dendrite growth and severe Li/electrolyte side reactions under high operating current densities seriously hinder the development of high‐performance Li metal batteries (LMBs). To address the aforementioned critical issues, spherical Li nuclei are designed via an “all‐in‐one” nitrocellulose (NC)/LiFSI electrolyte to achieve high‐energy/power‐density and long‐cycle LMBs. First, the synergistic effect of LiFSI induced LiF‐rich interface and the nitro group in the NC scaffold promote uniform Li nucleation, resulting in spherical nuclei morphology instead of dendritic even under high current densities. Moreover, NC exhibits strong adsorption energy on the electrode surface, which facilitates the formation of an organic protection layer to suppress side reactions, which enables highly reversible Li cycling, even in a lean‐electrolyte environment. With the assistance of the unique interphase, the Li|Li symmetric cells using NC/LiFSI electrolyte can stably run at a high current density of 10 mA cm‐2. Moreover, the assembled Li|LiFePO4 pouch cell achieves excellent cycling stability of 210 cycles with 100% capacity retention. This finding provides a new strategy relying on electrolyte engineering to achieve high‐energy/power‐density and long‐cycling‐life LMBs.
Ferroptosis‐Enhanced Cancer Immunity by a Ferrocene‐Appended Iridium(III) Diphosphine Complex
Authors: Wang Wen‐Jin , Ling Yu‐Yi , Zhong Yan‐Mei , Li Zhi‐Yuan , Tan Cai‐Ping , Mao Zong‐Wan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFerroptosis is a programmed cell death pathway discovered in recent years, and ferroptosis‐inducing agents have great potential as new antitumor candidates. Here, we report a IrIII complex (Ir1) containing a ferrocene‐modified diphosphine ligand that localizes in lysosomes. Under the acidic environments of lysosomes, Ir1 can effectively catalyze Fenton‐like reaction, produce hydroxyl radicals, induce lipid peroxidation, down‐regulate glutathione peroxidase 4, and result in ferroptosis. RNA sequencing analysis shows that Ir1 can significantly affect pathways related to ferroptosis and cancer immunity. Accordingly, Ir1 can induce immunogenic cells death and suppress tumor growth in vitro, regulate T cell activity and immune microenvironments in vivo. In conclusion, we show the potential of small molecules with ferroptosis‐inducing capabilities for effective cancer immunotherapy.
Thermal Dynamic Self‐Healing Supramolecular Dopant Towards Efficient and Stable Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ge Chengda , Liu Xiaoting , Yang Ziqi , Li Hanming , Niu Wenwen , Liu Xiaokong , Dong Qingfeng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFlexible perovskite solar cells (FPSCs) have attracted great attention due to their advantageous traits such as low cost, portability, light‐weight, etc. However, mechanical stability is still the weak point in their practical application. Herein, we prepared efficient FPSCs with remarkable mechanical stability by a dynamic thermal self‐healing effect, which can be realized by the usage of a supramolecular adhesive. The supramolecular adhesive, which was obtained by random copolymerization of acrylamide and n‐butyl acrylate, is amphiphilic, has a proper glass transition temperature and a high density of hydrogen‐bond donors and receptors, providing the possibility of thermal dynamic repair of mechanical damage in FPSCs. The adhesive also greatly improves the leveling property of the precursor solution on the hydrophobic poly[bis(4‐phenyl)(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)]amine (PTAA) surface. PSCs containing this adhesive achieve more than a 20 % power conversion efficiency (PCE) on flexible substrates and a 21.99 % PCE on rigid substrates (certified PCE of 21.27 %), with improved electron mobility and reduced defect concentration.
Carbonylative Polymerization of Epoxides Mediated by Tri‐metallic Complexes: A Dual Catalysis Strategy for Synthesis of Biodegradable Polyhydroxyalkanoates
Authors: Yang Jin‐Chuang , Yang Jun , Li Wen‐Bing , Lu Xiao‐Bing , Liu Ye 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPolyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a unique class of commercially manufactured biodegradable polyesters with properties suitable for partially substituting petroleum‐based plastics. However, high costs and low volumes of production have restricted their application as commodity materials. In this study, tri‐metallic complexes were developed for carbonylative polymerization via a dual catalysis strategy, and 17 products of novel PHAs with up to 38.2 kg mol−1 Mn values were discovered. The polymerization proceeds in a sequential fashion, which entails the carbonylative ring expansion of epoxide to β‐lactone and its subsequent ring‐opening polymerization that occurs selectively at the O‐alkyl bond via carboxylate species. The wide availability and structural diversity of epoxide monomers provide PHAs with various structures, excellent functionalities, and tunable properties. This study represents a rare example of the preparation of PHAs using epoxides and carbon monoxide as raw materials.
Biomass Hyaluronic Acid to Construct High‐Loading Electrode with Fast Na+ Transport Structure for Na3V2(PO4)3 Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Yuyao , Zhu Xiaoying , Kai Dan , Chen Baoliang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are considered a promising candidate in green energy storage due to their considerable abundance. The low mass loading (less than 2.0 mg cm−2) of SIBs‐based cathodes cannot meet the energy density on the practical device level, which is mainly restricted by sluggish Na+ transport. To the end, a facile and compatible strategy was demonstrated by utilizing hyaluronic acid (HA) binder to achieve fast ion transport and targeted energy density for Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) cathodes. As a novel functional aqueous binder, HA allowed cathodic materials to organize the unique conductive network. The network‐like electrode structure could buffer volume changes during sodiation/desodiation process and provide bi‐continuous charge transport channels for both Na+ and electrons at the interface. HA promoted the formation of the stable solid permeable interface films, protecting the electrochemical stability of the cathode and ensuring its good cycle performance. These functions of HA binder enabled that NVP delivered a reversible discharge capacity of 107.3 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C (1 C=117 mA g−1), which showed no sacrifice of electrochemical performances with mass loading increasing from 1.1 to 4.4 mg cm−2. Even at a high rate of 20 C, NVP‐HA (loading 4.0 mg cm−2) could reserve a good capacity of 76.8 mAh g−1 with the retention of 99.3 % after 2000 cycles. This study provides a novel strategy to achieve high energy density for SIBs in large‐scale energy storage.
Development of effervescence‐assisted switchable polarity solvent homogeneous liquid‐phase microextraction for the determination of permethrin and deltamethrin in water samples prior to gas chromatography–flame ionization detection
Authors: Asadi Tayebeh , Rahimi Kakavandi Nader , Nili Ahmadabadi Amir , Heshmati Ali , Ranjbar Akram , Abdi Khosrou , Ezoddin Maryam 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAn effervescent tablet‐assisted switchable polarity solvent–based homogeneous liquid‐phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography with flame ionization detection has been conducted for the separation, preconcentration, and detection of permethrin and deltamethrin in the river water specimens. Triethylamine (TEA) was utilized as the switchable polarity solvent in this method. The switching process was carried out by the dissolution of an effervescent tablet including an effervescency agent (sodium carbonate) and a proton donor agent (citric acid). Changing the pH of the specimen solution enhanced the conversion of TEA into protonated triethylamine carbonate through the tablet that generated carbon dioxide bubbles in situ. Finally, the addition of sodium hydroxide changed the ionization state of TEA and separated the two phases. Influential factors in the extraction were investigated. According to optimal situations, the limit of detection and the limit of quantification were 0.16 and 0.5 μg L−1 for permethrin and 0.03 and 0.1 μg L−1 for deltamethrin, respectively. The preconcentration factor was 194 in river water samples and inter‐ and intra‐day precision (relative standard deviation %; n = 5) was <5%. The extraction recovery was obtained in the range of 93.0%–97% for permethrin and deltamethrin in water samples.
Long term therapeutic effects of icariin‐loaded PLGA microspheres in an experimental model of optic nerve ischemia via modulation of CEBP‐β/G‐CSF/noncanonical NF‐κB axis
Authors: Desai Tushar Dnyaneshwar , Wen Yao‐Tseng , Daddam Jayasimha Rayalu , Cheng Felice , Chen Chia‐Ching , Pan Chien‐Lin , Lin Keh‐Liang , Tsai Rong‐Kung 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAn ischemic insult at optic nerve (ON) is followed by detrimental neuroinflammation that results in progressive and long‐lasting retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death and vision loss. Icariin was reported to be a safe and effective natural anti‐inflammatory drug. Herein, we evaluated the long‐term therapeutic effects of a single intravitreal injection of poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) PLGA–icariin in a rat model of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (rAION). Treatment with PLGA microspheres of icariin preserved the visual function and RGC density for 1 month in the rAION model. In addition, ON edema and macrophage infiltration were inhibited by treating PLGA microspheres of icariin. We found that the binding complex of icariin and CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta (CEBP‐β) significantly induced endogenous granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) expression to activate noncanonical nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) signaling pathway by promoting an alternative phosphorylation reaction of IKK‐β. Activation of noncanonical NF‐κB signaling pathway promoted the M2 microglia/macrophage polarization and AKT1 activation, which prevented neuroinflammation and RGC apoptosis after ON infarct. This study concluded that protective mechanism of icariin is a CEBP‐β/G‐CSF axis‐induced noncanonical NF‐κB activation, which provides the long‐term neuroprotective effects via anti‐inflammatory and antiapoptotic actions after ON ischemia.
Impact of the shared decision‐making process on lung cancer screening decisions
Authors: Tan Naomi Q. P. , Nishi Shawn P. E. , Lowenstein Lisa M. , Mendoza Tito R. , Lopez‐Olivo Maria A. , Crocker Laura C. , Sepucha Karen R. , Volk Robert J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundProfessional organizations recommend the use of shared decision‐making (SDM) in supporting patients’ decisions about lung cancer screening (LCS). The objective of this study was to assess the impact of the SDM process on patient knowledge about LCS, decisional conflict, intentions to adhere to screening recommendations, and its role in how the patient made the final decision.MethodsThis study surveyed patients screened for lung cancer within 12 months of the survey, recruited from two academic tertiary care centers in the South Central Region of the U.S. (May to July 2018).ResultsTwo hundred and sixty‐four patients completed the survey (87.9% White, 52% male, and mean age of 64.81). Higher SDM process scores (which indicates a better SDM process reported by patients) were significantly associated with greater knowledge of LCS (b = 0.17p < 0.01). Higher SDM process scores were associated with less decisional conflict about their screening choice (b = 0.45,p < 0.001), greater intentions to make the same decision again (OR = 1.42, 95% CI = [1.06–1.89]), and greater intentions to undergo LCS again (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = [1.08–1.62]). The SDM process score was not associated with patients’ report of whether or not they shared the final decision with the healthcare provider (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = [0.85–1.35]).Conclusion(s)This study found that a better SDM process was associated with better affective‐cognitive outcomes among patients screened for lung cancer.
Single‐cell transcriptome atlas of human mesenchymal stem cells exploring cellular heterogeneity
Authors: Wang Zheng , Chai Chengyan , Wang Rui , Feng Yimei , Huang Lei , Zhang Yiming , Xiao Xia , Yang Shijie , Zhang Yunfang , Zhang Xi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe heterogeneity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is poorly understood, thus limiting clinical application and basic research reproducibility. Advanced single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) is a robust tool used to analyse for dissecting cellular heterogeneity. However, the comprehensive single‐cell atlas for human MSCs has not been achieved.MethodsThis study used massive parallel multiplexing scRNA‐seq to construct an atlas of > 130 000 single‐MSC transcriptomes across multiple tissues and donors to assess their heterogeneity. The most widely clinically utilised tissue resources for MSCs were collected, including normal bone marrow (n = 3), adipose (n = 3), umbilical cord (n = 2), and dermis (n = 3).ResultsSeven tissue‐specific and five conserved MSC subpopulations with distinct gene‐expression signatures were identified from multiple tissue origins based on the high‐quality data, which has not been achieved previously. This study showed that extracellular matrix (ECM) highly contributes to MSC heterogeneity. Notably, tissue‐specific MSC subpopulations were substantially heterogeneous on ECM‐associated immune regulation, antigen processing/presentation, and senescence, thus promoting inter‐donor and intra‐tissue heterogeneity. The variable dynamics of ECM‐associated genes had discrete trajectory patterns across multiple tissues. Additionally, the conserved and tissue‐specific transcriptomic‐regulons and protein‐protein interactions were identified, potentially representing common or tissue‐specific MSC functional roles. Furthermore, the umbilical‐cord‐specific subpopulation possessed advantages in immunosuppressive properties.ConclusionIn summary, this work provides timely and great insights into MSC heterogeneity at multiple levels. This MSC atlas taxonomy also provides a comprehensive understanding of cellular heterogeneity, thus revealing the potential improvements in MSC‐based therapeutic efficacy.
Effectiveness of a chatbot for eating disorders prevention: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Fitzsimmons‐Craft Ellen E. , Chan William W. , Smith Arielle C. , Firebaugh Marie‐Laure , Fowler Lauren A. , Topooco Naira , DePietro Bianca , Wilfley Denise E. , Taylor C. Barr , Jacobson Nicholas C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivePrevention of eating disorders (EDs) is of high importance. However, digital programs with human moderation are unlikely to be disseminated widely. The aim of this study was to test whether a chatbot (i.e., computer program simulating human conversation) would significantly reduce ED risk factors (i.e., weight/shape concerns, thin‐ideal internalization) in women at high risk for an ED, compared to waitlist control, as well as whether it would significantly reduce overall ED psychopathology, depression, and anxiety and prevent ED onset.MethodWomen who screened as high risk for an ED were randomized (N = 700) to (1) chatbot based on the StudentBodies© program; or (2) waitlist control. Participants were followed for 6 months.ResultsFor weight/shape concerns, there was a significantly greater reduction in intervention versus control at 3‐ (d = −0.20; p = .03) and 6‐m‐follow‐up (d = −0.19; p = .04). There were no differences in change in thin‐ideal internalization. The intervention was associated with significantly greater reductions than control in overall ED psychopathology at 3‐ (d = −0.29; p = .003) but not 6‐month follow‐up. There were no differences in change in depression or anxiety. The odds of remaining nonclinical for EDs were significantly higher in intervention versus control at both 3‐ (OR = 2.37, 95% CI [1.37, 4.11]) and 6‐month follow‐ups (OR = 2.13, 95% CI [1.26, 3.59]).DiscussionFindings provide support for the use of a chatbot‐based EDs prevention program in reducing weight/shape concerns through 6‐month follow‐up, as well as in reducing overall ED psychopathology, at least in the shorter‐term. Results also suggest the intervention may reduce ED onset.Public SignificanceWe found that a chatbot, or a computer program simulating human conversation, based on an established, cognitive‐behavioral therapy‐based eating disorders prevention program, was successful in reducing women's concerns about weight and shape through 6‐month follow‐up and that it may actually reduce eating disorder onset. These findings are important because this intervention, which uses a rather simple text‐based approach, can easily be disseminated in order to prevent these deadly illnesses.Trial registration: OSF Registries; https://osf.io/7zmbv
Gallium (III) Complexes in Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Peng Xin‐Xin , Gao Song , Zhang Jun‐Long 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGallium, the group 13 metal, has been found to be potentially useful in fighting against cancers since last century. The trivalent Ga(III) shares most chemical properties except redox activity with Fe(III), so that it acts as a competitive inhibitor of Fe(III) in vitro and in vivo, which contributes to its antineoplastic activity. As an Fe(III) mimic, Ga(III) can be uptaken into cells through transferrin and be stored in ferritin. Furthermore, it disrupts Fe‐dependent processes, for example, by inhibiting the activity of ribonucleotide reductase and Fe‐containing proteins in the respiratory chain. To solve the problems of complex Ga(III) speciation in the circulatory system, a large number of ligands were applied to form Ga(III) complexes, supplying multiple functions. In this review, we summarized the anticancer mechanisms of Ga(III) and introduce numerous Ga(III) complexes with great antineoplastic potential.