bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survey of the Impact of COVID-19 on Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgeons Globally
Authors: Gibbard Marissa , Ponton Ethan , Sidhu Bernita V. , Farrell Sarah , Bone Jeffrey N. , Wu Luke A. , Schaeffer Emily , Cooper Anthony , Aroojis Alaric , Mulpuri Kishore 
Published: June 2021

Background:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic required rapid, global health care shifts to prioritize urgent or pandemic-related care and minimize transmission. Little is known about impacts on pediatric orthopaedic surgeons during this time. We aimed to investigate COVID-19-related changes in practice, training, and research among pediatric orthopaedic surgeons globally.

Methods:
An online survey was administered to orthopaedic surgeons with interest in pediatrics in April 2020 and a follow-up was administered in February 2021. The surveys captured demographics and surgeons’ self-reported experiences during the pandemic. Participants were recruited from web media and available email lists of orthopaedic societies over a 2-month period. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze results, stratified by the severity of local COVID-19-related measures.

Results:
A total of 460 responses from 45 countries were collected for initial survey. Of these, 358 (78.5%) respondents reported lockdown measures in their region at time of survey. Most (n=337, 94.4%) reported pausing all elective procedures. Surgeons reported a reduction in the average number of surgeries per week, from 6.89 (SD=4.61) prepandemic to 1.25 (SD=2.26) at time of survey (mean difference=5.64; 95% confidence interval=5.19, 6.10). Average number of elective outpatient appointments per week decreased from 67.89 (SD=45.78) prepandemic to 11.79 (SD=15.83) at time of survey (mean difference=56.10, 95% confidence interval=5.61, 60.58). In total, 177 (39.4%) surgeons reported using virtual modes of outpatient appointments for the first time. Of 290 surgeons with trainees, 223 (84.5%) reported implementation of systems to continue training such as webinars or virtual rounds. Of 192 respondents with research, 149 (82.8%) reported continuing research activities during the pandemic with most reporting either cessation (n=75, 64.15%), or reduction (n=25, 29.9%) in participant recruitment. A total of 111 responses from 28 countries were collected during follow-up. Surgeons described policy and circumstantial changes that facilitated resumption of clinical work.

Conclusions:
The COVID-19 pandemic and its related counter measures have had significant impacts on pediatric orthopaedic practice and increased uptake of technology to provide care continuity. Rigorous epidemiological studies are needed to assess impacts of delayed and virtual care on patient outcomes.
Distal Bile Duct Cancer: Radical (R0 > 1 mm) Resection Achieves Favorable Survival
Authors: Tjaden Christine , Hinz Ulf , Klaiber Ulla , Heger Ulrike , Springfeld Christoph , Goeppert Benjamin , Schmidt Thomas , Mehrabi Arianeb , Strobel Oliver , Berchtold Christoph , Schneider Martin , Diener Markus , Neoptolemos John P. , Hackert Thilo , Büchler Markus W. 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
Evaluation of the outcome after resection for distal bile duct cancer (DBC) with focus on the impact of microscopic histopathological resection status R0 (>1 mm) versus R1 (≤1 mm) vs R1 (direct).

Summary Background Data:
DBC is a rare disease for which oncologic resection offers the only chance of cure.

Methods:
Prospectively collected data of consecutive patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy for DBC were analyzed. Histopathological resection status was classified according to the Leeds protocol for pancreatic ductal adeno carcinoma (PDAC) (PDAC; R0 >1 mm margin clearance vs R1 ≤1 mm vs R1 direct margin involvement).

Results:
A total of 196 patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for DBC. Microscopic complete tumor clearance (R0>1 mm) was achieved in 113 patients (58%). Median overall survival (OS) of the entire cohort was 37 months (5- and 10-year OS rate: 40% and 31%, respectively). After R0 resection, median OS increased to 78 months with a 5-year OS rate of 52%. Negative prognostic factors were age >70 years (P < 0.0001, hazard ratio (HR) 2.48), intraoperative blood loss >1000 mL (P = 0.0009, HR 1.99), pN1 and pN2 status (P = 0.0052 and P = 0.0006, HR 2.14 and 2.62, respectively) and American Society of Anesthesiologists score >II (P = 0.0259, HR 1.61).

Conclusions:
This is the largest European single-center study of surgical treatment for DBC and the first to investigate the prognostic impact of the revised PDAC resection status definition in DBC. The results show that this definition is valid in DBC and that “true” R0 resection (>1 mm) is a key factor for excellent survival. In contrast to PDAC, there was no survival difference between R1 (≤1 mm) and R1 (direct).
Measuring and Improving Emotional Intelligence in Surgery
Authors: Abi-Jaoudé Joanne G. , Kennedy-Metz Lauren R. , Dias Roger D. , Yule Steven J. , Zenati Marco A. 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
Evaluate how emotional intelligence (EI) has been measured among surgeons and to investigate interventions implemented for improving EI.

Summary Background:
EI has relevant applications in surgery given its alignment with nontechnical skills. In recent years, EI has been measured in a surgical context to evaluate its relationship with measures such as surgeon burnout and the surgeon-patient relationship.

Methods:
A systematic review was conducted by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PSYCINFO databases using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. MeSH terms and keywords included “emotional intelligence,” “surgery,” and “surgeon.” Eligible studies included an EI assessment of surgeons, surgical residents, and/or medical students within a surgical context.

Results:
The initial search yielded 4627 articles. After duplicate removal, 4435 articles were screened by title and abstract and 49 articles proceeded to a full-text read. Three additional articles were found via hand search. A total of 37 articles were included. Studies varied in surgical specialties, settings, and outcome measurements. Most occurred in general surgery, residency programs, and utilized self-report surveys to estimate EI. Notably, EI improved in all studies utilizing an intervention.

Conclusions:
The literature entailing the intersection between EI and surgery is diverse but still limited. Generally, EI has been demonstrated to be beneficial in terms of overall well-being and job satisfaction while also protecting against burnout. EI skills may provide a promising modifiable target to achieve desirable outcomes for both the surgeon and the patient. Future studies may emphasize the relevance of EI in the context of surgical teamwork.
Identification of social engagement indicators associated with autism spectrum disorder using a game-based mobile application
Authors: Varma Maya , Washington Peter , Chrisman Brianna , Kline Aaron , Leblanc Emilie , Paskov Kelley , Stockham Nate , Jung Jae-Yoon , Sun Min Woo , Wall Dennis P. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a widespread neurodevelopmental condition with a range of potential causes and symptoms. Children with ASD exhibit behavioral and social impairments, giving rise to the possibility of utilizing computational techniques to evaluate a child’s social phenotype from home videos.MethodsHere, we use a mobile health application to collect over 11 hours of video footage depicting 95 children engaged in gameplay in a natural home environment. We utilize automated dataset annotations to analyze two social indicators that have previously been shown to differ between children with ASD and their neurotypical (NT) peers: (1) gaze fixation patterns and (2) visual scanning methods. We compare the gaze fixation and visual scanning methods utilized by children during a 90-second gameplay video in order to identify statistically-significant differences between the two cohorts; we then train an LSTM neural network in order to determine if gaze indicators could be predictive of ASD.ResultsOur work identifies one statistically significant region of fixation and one significant gaze transition pattern that differ between our two cohorts during gameplay. In addition, our deep learning model demonstrates mild predictive power in identifying ASD based on coarse annotations of gaze fixations.DiscussionUltimately, our results demonstrate the utility of game-based mobile health platforms in quantifying visual patterns and providing insights into ASD. We also show the importance of automated labeling techniques in generating large-scale datasets while simultaneously preserving the privacy of participants. Our approaches can generalize to other healthcare needs.
The Effectiveness of Telephone Intervention for Improving Patient Adherence to Medication among Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Monterona Debbie P. , Matinong Rhoda Alfonsa , De Silos Jeriel 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionDiabetes is one of the chronic diseases that requires adherence to prescribed medications. With the current pandemic, mobile technology plays a role in caring for patients remotely.ObjectiveTo determine the effectiveness of telephone intervention (phone call and text message) on medication adherence among diabetic patients.MethodologyRandomized controlled trials were searched in Cochrane Library, PubMed, Herdin, BMC Health Services Research using combination of terms through boolean operators (“phone message” OR “phone call” AND (“medication adherence” AND “diabetes”) which compared telephone intervention vs usual care. mean, sample size and standard deviation of Medication Adherence in each study were extracted. Review Manager 5.4 software was used for statistical analysis.ResultsThree trials met the inclusion criteria and were included in this study. The telephone intervention did not result in statistically significant improvement in medication adherence among diabetics (pooled mean difference: 0.05 95%CI -.08 to 0.17) Conclusion: The intervention was no more effective than the usual care. However, mobile use has potential application for remote care during this pandemic.
COVID-19 Susceptibility, Mortality, and Length of hospitalization based on age-sex composition: Evidence from Davao Region Philippines
Authors: Ceballos Roel F. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThe coronavirus disease is spreading continuously worldwide with an unprecedented amount of impact on every human society. In order to reduce the risks of infections and mortality, several interventions such as mobility restrictions for different age groups and vaccination prioritization programs are implemented in the Philippines. Identifying age-sex composition with greater susceptibility, longer hospitalization, and higher fatality is useful to guide the targeted intervention and establish risk stratification for patients infected with COVID-19 within communities and localities. Furthermore, it is also helpful in the allocation of medical resources and assessment of vaccination priority. We analyzed the COVID-19 data provided by the Davao Center for Health Development of the Department of Health Davao Region in the Philippines. The dataset contains records of COVID-19 cases reported from March 2020 to April 2021. Methods that were used include descriptive statistics, graphical presentations, and nonparametric statistical methods. The study reveals that male children and female senior citizens are the most susceptible age-sex composition while male senior citizen is the subgroup with the highest case fatality and mortality. Furthermore, regardless of sex groups, the senior citizen is the subgroup with the longest hospitalization. Susceptibility due to exposure should be included as a criterion in determining the age-sex compositions for vaccination priority against COVID-19 and other potentially deadly viruses. Further, Proper planning and allocation of medical resources for the elderly should be prioritized in the provincial levels.
Entitled to Property: Inheritance Laws, Female Bargaining Power, and Child Health in India
Authors: Hossain Shahadath , Nikolov Plamen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChild height is a significant predictor of human capital and economic status throughout adulthood. Moreover, non-unitary household models of family behavior posit that an increase in women’s bargaining power can influence child health. We study the effects of an inheritance policy change, the Hindu Succession Act (HSA), which conferred enhanced inheritance rights to unmarried women in rural India, on child height. We find robust evidence that the HSA improved the height and weight of children. In addition, we find evidence consistent with a channel that the policy improved the women’s intrahousehold bargaining power within the household, leading to improved parental investments for children. These study findings are also compatible with the notion that children do better when their mothers control a more significant fraction of the family. Therefore, policies that empower women can have additional positive spillovers for children’s human capital. (JELD13, I12, I13, J13, J16, J18, K13, O12, O15, Z12, Z13)
Acceptability, usability and performance of lateral flow immunoassay tests for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: REACT-2 study of self-testing in non-healthcare key workers
Authors: Davies Bethan , Araghi Marzieh , Moshe Maya , Gao He , Bennet Kimberly , Jenkins Jordan , Atchison Christina , Darzi Ara , Ashby Deborah , Riley Steven , Barclay Wendy , Elliott Paul , Ward Helen , Cooke Graham 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundSeroprevalence studies in key worker populations are essential to understand the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2. Various technologies, including laboratory assays and point-of-care self-tests, are available for antibody testing. The interpretation of seroprevalence studies requires comparative data on the performance of antibody tests.MethodsIn June 2020, current and former members of the UK Police forces and Fire service performed a self-test lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) and provided a saliva sample, nasopharyngeal swab, venous blood samples for Abbott ELISA and had a nurse performed LFIA. We present the prevalence of PCR positivity and antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in this cohort following the first wave of infection in England; the acceptability and usability of self-test LFIAs (defined as use of the LFIA kit and provision of a valid result, respectively); and determine the sensitivity and specificity of LFIAs compared to laboratory ELISAs.ResultsIn this cohort of non-healthcare key workers, 7.4% (396/5,348; 95% CI, 6.7-8.1) were antibody positive. Seroprevalence was 8.9% (6.9-11.4) in those under 40 years, 11.5% (8.8-15.0) in those of non-white British ethnicity and 7.8% (7.1-8.7) in those currently working. The self-test LFIA had an acceptability of 97.7% and a usability of 90.0%. There was substantial agreement between within-participant LFIA results (kappa 0.80; 0.77-0.83). The LFIAs (self-test and nurse-performed) had a similar performance: compared to ELISA, sensitivity was 82.1% (77.7-86.0) self-test and 76.4% (71.9-80.5) nurse-performed with specificity of 97.8% (97.3-98.2) and 98.5% (98.1-98.8) respectively.ConclusionA greater proportion of the non-healthcare key worker cohort showed evidence of previous infection with SARS-CoV-2 than the general population at 6.0% (5.8-6.1) following the first wave in England. The high acceptability and usability reported by participants and the similar performance of self-test and nurse-performed LFIAs indicate that the self-test LFIA is fit for purpose for home-testing in occupational and community prevalence studies.
Predicting gene regulatory networks from multi-omics to link genetic risk variants and neuroimmunology to Alzheimer’s disease phenotypes
Authors: Khullar Saniya , Wang Daifeng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundGenome-wide association studies have found many genetic risk variants associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, how these risk variants affect deeper phenotypes such as disease progression and immune response remains elusive. Also, our understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms from disease risk variants to various phenotypes is still limited. To address these problems, we performed an integrative multi-omics analysis of genotype, transcriptomics, and epigenomics for revealing gene regulatory mechanisms from disease variants to AD phenotypes.MethodFirst, given the population gene expression data of a cohort, we construct and cluster its gene co-expression network to identify gene co-expression modules for various AD phenotypes. Next, we predict transcription factors (TFs) regulating co-expressed genes and AD risk SNPs that interrupt TF binding sites on regulatory elements. Finally, we construct a gene regulatory network (GRN) linking SNPs, interrupted TFs, and regulatory elements to target genes and gene modules for each phenotype in the cohort. This network thus provides systematic insights into gene regulatory mechanisms from risk variants to AD phenotypes.ResultsOur analysis predicted GRNs in three major AD-relevant regions: Hippocampus, Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC), Lateral Temporal Lobe (LTL). Comparative analyses revealed cross-region-conserved and region-specific GRNs, in which many immunological genes are present. For instance, SNPs rs13404184 and rs61068452 disrupt SPI1 binding and regulation of AD gene INPP5D in the Hippocampus and LTL. However, SNP rs117863556 interrupts bindings of REST to regulate GAB2 in DLPFC only. Driven by emerging neuroinflammation in AD, we used Covid-19 as a proxy to identify possible regulatory mechanisms for neuroimmunology in AD. To this end, we looked at the GRN subnetworks relating to genes from shared AD-Covid pathways. From those subnetworks, our machine learning analysis prioritized the AD-Covid genes for predicting Covid-19 severity. Decision Curve Analysis also validated our AD-Covid genes outperform known Covid-19 genes for classifying severe Covid-19 patients. This suggests AD-Covid genes along with linked SNPs can be potential novel biomarkers for neuroimmunology in AD. Finally, our results are open-source available as a comprehensive functional genomic map for AD, providing a deeper mechanistic understanding of the interplay among multi-omics, brain regions, gene functions like neuroimmunology, and phenotypes.
Hidden fraction of Polish population immune to SARS-CoV-2 in May 2021
Authors: Budziar Wiktoria , Gembara Katarzyna , Szymczak Aleksander , Jędruchniewicz Natalia , Baniecki Krzysztof , Pikies Aleksandra , Nahorecki Artur , Hoffmann Agnieszka , Kardaś Amelia , Klimek Tomasz , Kaźmierczak Zuzanna , Witkiewicz Wojciech , Barczyk Kamil , Dąbrowska Krystyna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPopulation immunity (herd immunity) to SARS-CoV-2 derives from two well-defined and controlled sources: vaccinations or diagnosed and registered cases of the disease. It may however also result from asymptomatic, oligosymptomatic, or even full-blown but undiagnosed and unregistered cases from which patients recovered at home. Here we present a population screening for SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG and IgA antibodies in Polish citizens (N=501) who had never been positively diagnosed with or vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. Serum samples were collected in Wrocław (Lower Silesia) on 15th and 22nd May 2021. Sera from hospitalized COVID-19 patients (N=22) or from vaccinated citizens (N=14) served as positive controls.Sera were tested with Microblot-Array COVID-19 IgG and IgA (quantitative) that contain specific SARS-CoV-2 antigens: NCP, RBD, Spike S2, E, ACE2, PLPro protein, and antigens for exclusion cross-reactivity with other coronaviruses: MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, HCoV 229E Np, HCoV NL63 Np.Within the investigated population of healthy individuals who had never been positively diagnosed with or vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, we found that 35.5% (178 out of 501) were positive for SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG and 52.3% (262 out of 501) were positive for SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA; 21.2% of the investigated population developed virus-specific IgG or IgA while being asymptomatic. Anti-RBD IgG, which represents virus-neutralizing potential, was found in 25.6% of individuals (128 out of 501).These patients, though positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, cannot be identified in the public health system as convalescents due to undiagnosed infections, and they are considered unaffected by SARS-CoV-2. Their contribution to population immunity against COVID-19 should however be considered in predictions and modeling of the COVID-19 pandemic. Of note, the majority of the investigated population still lacked anti-RBD IgG protection (74.4%); thus vaccination against COVID-19 is still of the most importance for controlling the pandemic.
A behavioural modelling approach to assess the impact of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy
Authors: Buonomo Bruno , Marca Rossella Della , d’Onofrio Alberto , Groppi Maria 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper we introduce a compartmental epidemic model describing the transmission of the COVID-19 disease in presence of non-mandatory vaccination. The model takes into account the hesitancy and refusal of vaccination. To this aim, we employ the information index, which mimics the idea that individuals take their decision on vaccination based not only on the present but also on the past information about the spread of the disease. Theoretical analysis and simulations show clearly as a voluntary vaccination can certainly reduce the impact of the disease but it is unable to eliminate it. We also show how the information-related parameters affect the dynamics of the disease. In particular, the hesitancy and refusal of vaccination is better contained in case of large information coverage and small memory characteristic time. Finally, the possible influence of seasonality is also investigated.
Telemedicine and Patient Satisfaction in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alfaleh Amjad , Alkattan Abdullah , Salah Mohammed , Almutairi Mona , Sagor Khlood , Alageel Alaa , Alabdulkareem Khaled 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesPatients’ satisfaction with the healthcare system is a good indicator for measuring the quality of health services. This study aims to determine patients’ satisfaction with different types of telemedicine services (937 Call Center and Sehha Application) provided by the Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia.MethodsA cross-section study was conducted to evaluate consumers’ satisfaction toward telemedicine services in Saudi Arabia. A systematic random sampling method was used to collect consumers from each of the two telemedicine services including 937 medical call center and the Sehha application.ResultsTwo hundred and forty-nine (249) randomly chosen consumers of 937 medical call center and the Sehha application have been answered the predesigned questionnaire about satisfaction towards different items of the two medical services. Among 249 consumers of telemedicine services, 83.14% of them were satisfied in general with medical services compared to 8.03% of consumers who were not satisfied. The satisfaction percentages toward physicians’ recommendations, communication skills, listening skills, and waiting time were 77.29%, 83.53%, 85.14%, and 67.87% respectively.ConclusionTelemedicine applications are commonly used nowadays in most developed countries and some developing countries in order to maximize the delivery of healthcare to patients with different medical conditions. The overall satisfaction rates toward different telemedicine services in Saudi Arabia were high, and there was no significant difference in concern to the satisfaction rates between 937 medical call center and Sehha application. In general, consumers of telemedicine services were satisfied, and most of them considered advising other people to use them.