bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenylacetylglutamine, a Novel Biomarker in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Yu Fang , Li Xi , Feng Xianjing , Wei Minping , Luo Yunfang , Zhao Tingting , Xiao Bo , Xia Jian 
Published: December 2021

Background: To discover novel metabolic biomarkers of ischemic stroke (IS), we carried out a two-stage metabolomic profiling of IS patients and healthy controls using untargeted and targeted metabolomic approaches.Methods: We applied untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to detect the plasma metabolomic profiles of 150 acute IS patients and 50 healthy controls. The candidate differential microbiota-derived metabolite phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln) was validated in 751 patients with IS and 200 healthy controls. We evaluated the associations between PAGln levels and the severity and functional outcomes of patients with IS. Clinical mild stroke was defined as the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score 0–5, and moderate-severe stroke as NIHSS score &gt;5. A favorable outcome at 3 months after IS was defined as the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 0–2, and unfavorable outcome as mRS score 3–6.Results: In untargeted metabolomic analysis, we detected 120 differential metabolites between patients with IS and healthy controls. Significantly altered metabolic pathways were purine metabolism, TCA cycle, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis. Elevated plasma PAGln levels in IS patients, compared with healthy controls, were observed in untargeted LC-MS analysis and confirmed by targeted quantification (median 2.0 vs. 1.0 μmol/L; p &lt; 0.001). Patients with moderate-severe stroke symptoms and unfavorable short-term outcomes also had higher levels of PAGln both in discovery and validation stage. After adjusting for potential confounders, high PAGln levels were independently associated with IS (OR = 3.183, 95% CI 1.671–6.066 for the middle tertile and OR = 9.362, 95% CI 3.797–23.083 for the highest tertile, compared with the lowest tertile) and the risk of unfavorable short-term outcomes (OR = 2.286, 95% CI 1.188–4.401 for the highest tertile).Conclusions: IS patients had higher plasma levels of PAGln than healthy controls. PAGln might be a potential biomarker for IS and unfavorable functional outcomes in patients with IS.
Associations of Social Vulnerability Index With Pathologic Myocardial Findings at Autopsy
Authors: Sunderraj Ashwin , Rivera Adovich , Gaddam Meghna , Kim Sarah , McCook Juan , O'Neal Janelle , Lomasney Jon , Lloyd-Jones Donald M. , Baumer Yvonne , Powell-Wiley Tiffany M. , Feinstein Matthew J. 
Published: December 2021

Background: Social vulnerability is an important determinant of cardiovascular health. Prior investigations have shown strong associations of social determinants of health with cardiovascular risk factors, imaging findings, and clinical events. However, limited data exist regarding the potential role of social vulnerability and related physiologic stressors on tissue-level pathology.Methods: We analyzed clinical data and linked autopsy reports from 853 decedent individuals who underwent autopsy from 4/6/2002 to 4/1/2021 at a large urban medical center. The mean age at death was 62.9 (SD = 15.6) and 49% of decedent individuals were men. The primary exposure was census-tract level composite social vulnerability index based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Social Vulnerability Index (SVI). Individuals were geocoded to census tracts and assigned SVI accordingly. Four myocardial tissue-level outcomes from autopsy were recorded as present or absent: any coronary atherosclerosis, severe/obstructive coronary atherosclerosis, myocardial fibrosis, and/or myopericardial inflammation. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were constructed with SVI as the primary exposure and covariates including age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, and hypertension. Additional analyses were performed stratified by clinical diagnoses of heart failure (HF) and coronary artery disease (CAD).Results: In the overall cohort, SVI was not associated with outcomes on cardiac pathology in multivariable-adjusted models. However, in stratified multivariable-adjusted analyses, higher SVI (higher social vulnerability) was associated with a higher odds of myocardial fibrosis among individuals without clinical diagnoses of HF.Conclusions: Higher indices of social vulnerability are associated with a higher odds of myocardial fibrosis at autopsy among individuals without known clinical diagnoses of HF. Potential pathophysiological mechanisms and implications for prevention/treatment of myocardial dysfunction require further study.
An Early Miocene Lowland on the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Tian Qian , Fang Xiaomin , Bai Yan , Chen Chihao , Hou Juzhi , Zhang Tao 
Published: December 2021

The northeastern Tibetan Plateau (NE TP) has long been thought to be the last part of the Plateau to be raised, but this assumption has been challenged by recent analyses of fossil leaf energy, which have pointed to the possibility that the present surface altitude of ∼3,000 m above sea level (asl) in the Qaidam Basin (QB) was attained during the Oligocene. Here, for the first time, we present a record of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) from a well-dated Cenozoic section in the QB. This record appears to demonstrate that the mean annual average paleotemperature of the QB was 28.4 ± 2.9°C at ∼18.0 Ma. This would suggest that the paleoelevation of the QB was only ∼1,488 m asl at that time and that a ∼1,500 m uplift was attained afterwards, in agreement with the massive shortening of the QB and the rapid drying of inland Asia since the late Miocene.
Pyrolytic Behavior of Long-Chain Alkyl Quaternary Ammonium Bromide Inside Nanopores
Authors: Niu Yanhui , Yu Wenbin , Yang Shuguang , Wan Quan 
Published: December 2021

The pyrolytic behavior of organic matter inside nanopores was studied by simultaneous thermogravimetric/differential scanning calorimetry analyzer coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (STA/TG-FTIR). Nanoporous silica was prepared by a hydrothermal method using long-chain alkyl quaternary ammonium bromide (CnTAB, n = 12, 14) as a template. The pyrolytic behavior of CnTAB inside nanopores with different diameters was investigated and compared with that of CnTAB inside and outside nanopores. The results showed that the pyrolytic removal process consisted of the following features: 1) CnTAB underwent carbon chain decomposition and oxidation; 2) the DSC exothermal peak of CnTAB came mainly from its oxidative combustion, and the oxidative combustion temperature decreased with increasing pore size; 3) the CnTAB inside nanopores underwent crystallization–amorphous state phase transition, and CnTAB got trapped inside the calcined nanopores. In addition, the pyrolytic behavior of CnTAB inside the calcined nanopores was found to be similar to that of the uncalcined nanopores. This study aims to understand the storage and transformation processes of organic hydrocarbons under nanopore-confinement effect.
Risks for Using FeCl3 Under a Submerged Condition, and Different Water Management to Reduce Uptake of Antimony and Cadmium in a Rice Plant
Authors: Yang JiGang , Wu QianHua , Fan ZhiLian , Feng RenWei 
Published: December 2021

Soil pollution by multiple metal(loid)s is a common problem, and it is not easy to synchronously reduce their uptake in crops. Compounds containing iron (Fe) are often used to efficiently remediate soil metal(loid) pollution; however, its associated risks did not receive much attention especially under unsuitable soil water conditions. Pot experiments were set up using an antimony (Sb) and cadmium (Cd) co-contaminated soil treated with a continued submergence condition plus 5, 10, or 20 mg kg−1 FeCl3 (Experiment I), or treated with different water management including submergence, intermittent irrigation, and dry farming (Experiment II). Our results showed that the continued submergence resulted in excessive accumulation of arsenic (As) in different tissues of rice plants even if the soil As background concentration is low. High soil moisture content increased the available concentrations of Sb and As, but reduced that of Cd in rhizosphere soils, which was in line with their concentrations in different tissues of rice plants (Experiment II). Under a continued submergence condition, FeCl3 significantly stimulated As concentration in the shoots, roots (excluded Fe20 treatment), and husks, but reduced it in the grains. FeCl3 reduced Sb concentration only in the roots and grains, and reduced Cd concentration only in the husks, suggesting a limited efficiency of FeCl3 to reduce Cd uptake under a submergence condition. In this study, the dynamic changes of As, Sb, and Cd concentrations in soil solution, their available concentrations in rhizosphere soils, their accumulation in root iron/manganese plaques, and the relationships among the above parameters were also discussed. We suggested that if FeCl3 would be used to remediate the contaminated soils by Sb and Cd, dry farming for a short time is needed to avoid As accumulation, and intermittent irrigation is a potential choice to avoid the excessive accumulation of As, Sb, and Cd in the edible parts of rice plants.
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma of the Mandible Diagnosed by Metagenomic Sequencing: A Case Report
Authors: Liu Kaili , Gao Yang , Han Jiawei , Han Xu , Shi Yingqi , Liu Chao , Li Jie 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) has a much higher incidence rate than Hodgkin lymphoma. Approximately 40% NHL occurs in extranodal tissues or organs, and its clinical manifestations are often nonspecific. Primary bone NHL involving the mandible is an uncommon NHL that is characterized by fever, gum swelling and toothache. Therefore, it is often misdiagnosed as oral diseases.Case Presentation: A 52-year-old female had recurrent fever for more than 1 month, with numbness in her left jaw and toothache. PET/CT showed an uptake area in the left mandible, suggesting microbial infections. However, antibacterial, and antiviral treatment were ineffective. Furthermore, metagenomic sequencing of plasma reported no pathogens, but instead showed significant copy number variations of multiple chromosomes, which highly suggested the existence of tumor. Finally, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was diagnosed by mandibular biopsy, and the patient was transferred to Hematology department for chemotherapy.Conclusion: mNGS not only assists rapid etiological diagnosis, but also helps rule out infection and diagnose malignant neoplasm.
Unmet Needs for Rehabilitative Management in Common Health-Related Problems Negatively Impact the Quality of Life of Community-Dwelling Stroke Survivors
Authors: Kim Kyoung Tae , Chang Won Kee , Jung Yun-Sun , Jee Sungju , Sohn Min Kyun , Ko Sung-Hwa , Shin Yong-Il , Leigh Ja-Ho , Kim Won-Seok , Paik Nam-Jong 
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Community-dwelling stroke survivors have various unmet needs for rehabilitative management, but there is a lack of in-depth investigations on common health problems after stroke. Moreover, the association between unmet needs and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to investigate the unmet needs for rehabilitative management in common problems after stroke and their associations with HRQoL among community-dwelling stroke survivors.Methods: A face-to-face cross-sectional survey was conducted among community-dwelling stroke survivors visiting outpatient clinics of rehabilitation departments between June and October 2020 in three university-affiliated hospitals. Unmet needs for common problems after stroke were assessed across eight domains based on the post-stroke checklist: spasticity, dysphagia, communication, cognition, ambulation, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression, and self-care. HRQoL was measured using the EuroQoL-5D three level (EQ-5D). The prevalence of unmet needs for rehabilitative management and their associations with the EQ-5D index were analyzed.Results: Among the 239 participants who responded to the survey, 63% (n = 150) were men. The mean age was 63 ± 13 years, and the mean duration of stroke onset was 55.6 months. Overall, 49% reported at least one unmet need, and the most frequently reported unmet needs were anxiety/depression (20.9%), self-care (20.9%), and pain/discomfort (18.0%). The highest proportion of unmet needs was in the anxiety/depression, communication, and cognition domains. Patients with unmet needs for cognition and pain/discomfort showed a significantly lower EQ-5D index, even after adjusting for age, sex, and modified Rankin scale scores. The total number of unmet needs was significantly correlated with a lower EQ-5D index (Pearson's r = −0.329, p &lt; 0.001) in the multivariate linear regression model.Conclusions: Unmet rehabilitative needs are prevalent among community-dwelling stroke survivors, and the proportion of unmet needs was high among non-physical domains such as anxiety/depression. The number of unmet needs is an independent negative predictor of HRQoL. Systematic approaches to identify unmet needs and provide appropriate rehabilitative management are required in long-term stroke survivors.
Evaluation of Serum Levels of Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily V Member 1, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, and Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide in Chronic and Episodic Migraine: The Possible Role in Migraine Transformation
Authors: Togha Mansoureh , Ghorbani Zeinab , Ramazi Samira , Zavvari Fahime , Karimzadeh Fariba 
Published: December 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the role of serum levels of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1), vasoacive intestinal peptide (VIP), and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) in the development and also the transformation of migraine in patients suffering from migraine.Methods: Eighty-nine participants with a mean age of 39 years were divided into 23 episodic migraine (EM), 36 chronic migraine (CM), and 30 healthy control groups. Demographic, anthropometric, and headache characteristic information, and also blood samples, was collected. Serum levels of TRPV1, VIP, and PACAP were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique.Results: Based on our findings, the serum level of TRPV1 was significantly higher in CM compared to the control group (p &lt; 0.05), whereas serum levels of VIP (p &lt; 0.01) and PACAP (p &lt; 0.05) in the EM group were significantly more than the control group. There was no significant difference between EM and CM groups.Conclusions: An elevation in the serum levels of TRVP1 among chronic migraineurs and increments in the levels of VIP and PACAP were observed among EM patients compared to healthy subjects. However, our data failed to demonstrate the probable role of these biomarkers in migraine progression, and more studies are needed to clarify the molecular mechanisms involved in migraine progression.
B-Mode Ultrasound, a Reliable Tool for Monitoring Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Gómez-de Frutos Mari Carmen , García-Suárez Iván , Laso-García Fernando , Diekhorst Luke , Otero-Ortega Laura , Alonso de Leciñana María , Fuentes Blanca , Gutiérrez-Fernández María , Díez-Tejedor Exuperio , Ruíz-Ares Gerardo 
Published: December 2021

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is currently used for the study of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in animal models. However, ultrasound is an inexpensive, non-invasive and rapid technique that could facilitate the diagnosis and follow-up of ICH. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and reliability of B-mode ultrasound as an alternative tool for in vivo monitoring of ICH volume and brain structure displacement in an animal model.Methods: A total of 31 male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to an ICH model using collagenase-IV in the striatum following stereotaxic references. The animals were randomly allocated into 3 groups: healthy (n = 10), sham (n = 10) and ICH (n = 11). B-mode ultrasound studies with a 13-MHz probe were performed pre-ICH and at 5 h, 48 h, 4 d and 1 mo post-ICH for the assessment of ICH volume and displacement of brain structures, considering the distance between the subarachnoid cisterns and the dura mater. The same variables were studied by MRI at 48 h and 1 mo post-ICH.Results: Both imaging techniques showed excellent correlation in measuring ICH volume at 48 h (r = 0.905) and good at 1 mo (r = 0.656). An excellent correlation was also observed in the measured distance between the subarachnoid cisterns and the dura mater at 1 mo between B-mode ultrasound and MRI, on both the ipsilateral (r = 0.870) and contralateral (r = 0.906) sides of the lesion.Conclusion: B-mode ultrasound imaging appears to be a reliable tool for in vivo assessment of ICH volume and displacement of brain structures in animal models.
Differentiating Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Parkinson's Disease With Head-Mounted Displays
Authors: Herwig Arvid , Agic Almedin , Huppertz Hans-Jürgen , Klingebiel Randolf , Zuhorn Frédéric , Schneider Werner X. , Schäbitz Wolf-Rüdiger , Rogalewski Andreas 
Published: December 2021

Background: Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative disorder that, especially in the early stages of the disease, is clinically difficult to distinguish from Parkinson's disease (PD).Objective: This study aimed at assessing the use of eye-tracking in head-mounted displays (HMDs) for differentiating PSP and PD.Methods: Saccadic eye movements of 13 patients with PSP, 15 patients with PD, and a group of 16 healthy controls (HCs) were measured. To improve applicability in an inpatient setting and standardize the diagnosis, all the tests were conducted in a HMD. In addition, patients underwent atlas-based volumetric analysis of various brain regions based on high-resolution MRI.Results: Patients with PSP displayed unique abnormalities in vertical saccade velocity and saccade gain, while horizontal saccades were less affected. A novel diagnostic index was derived, multiplying the ratios of vertical to horizontal gain and velocity, allowing segregation of PSP from PD with high sensitivity (10/13, 77%) and specificity (14/15, 93%). As expected, patients with PSP as compared with patients with PD showed regional atrophy in midbrain volume, the midbrain plane, and the midbrain tegmentum plane. In addition, we found for the first time that oculomotor measures (vertical gain, velocity, and the diagnostic index) were correlated significantly to midbrain volume in the PSP group.Conclusions: Assessing eye movements in a HMD provides an easy to apply and highly standardized tool to differentiate PSP of patients from PD and HCs, which will aid in the diagnosis of PSP.
Ultrasound-Guided Lauromacrogol Injection for the Treatment of Active Bleeding After Renal Biopsy
Authors: Liu Weizong , Jin Chunchun , Lian Qingshu , Xu Lifeng , Lin Zhanye , Lu Jianghao , Gong Xuehao 
Published: December 2021

Background: This study aimed to describe the technique and outcomes of hemostasis for ultrasound-guided lauromacrogol injection for active bleeding after renal biopsy.Methods: Data from patients with active bleeding after renal biopsy between January 2018 and December 2020 were retrospectively collected. Patients who still had active bleeding after 30 min of compression were then injected with lauromacrogol under ultrasound guidance. The patient’s symptoms before and after operation were collected to assess whether they had severe complications. Changes in hemoglobin and serum creatinine values were collected.Results: Data from a total of 15 patients with active bleeding after renal biopsy were collected, including data of 6 men and 9 women. After the operation, there were 11 cases of mild back pain; 1 case of chills, cold sweats, and back pain; 1 case of cold sweats and blood pressure reduction, and 2 cases with no obvious symptoms. No severe complications occurred in this study, and active bleeding was stopped in all patients. After the operation, compared with before the operation, there was no statistically significant difference in the hemoglobin value and serum creatinine value (p = 0.10 &gt; 0.05, p = 0.78 &gt; 0.05).Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided lauromacrogol injection is a relatively simple, safe and feasible method, which could be helpful in treating active bleeding in the immediate post-procedure period after renal biopsy.
The Effects of the Flash Technique Compared to Those of an Abbreviated Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy Protocol on the Emotionality and Vividness of Aversive Memories
Authors: Brouwers Thomas C. , de Jongh Ad , Matthijssen Suzy J. M. A. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The Flash technique is a novel intervention aimed at rapidly decreasing the subjective disturbance of an aversive memory, thereby serving as a potential way of treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The protocol is used to stimulate clients to engage in positive imagery while being discouraged to actively recollect the targeted disturbing memory. Previous research into the Flash technique’s efficacy shows promising results, yet controlled studies are lacking.Objectives: To test the efficacy of the Flash technique, it was compared to an abbreviated eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy protocol in a controlled experimental setting. We hypothesized that the Flash technique would lead to a larger decrease in the emotionality and vividness of an aversive autobiographical memory when compared to EMDR therapy. Our second hypothesis was that the procedure of the Flash technique would be evaluated more pleasant by its receiver.Method: The sample consisted of 60 non-clinical participants (mean age = 25.28 years; 73.33% female) who were able to recall an aversive autobiographical memory. They were randomized to either the Flash technique or the EMDR therapy condition. Measurements consisted of emotionality and vividness-ratings pre and post intervention, and at 1-week follow-up.Results: Bayesian analyses showed no differences between Flash and EMDR to the extent to which the emotionality and vividness of their memory was reduced. Afterward, the Flash technique was rated more pleasant than EMDR.Conclusion: The results support the claim that the Flash technique might be used as a brief and efficacious intervention for individuals suffering from disturbing memories. Although the results suggest that its efficacy does not differ from EMDR, the Flash technique seems to yield similar outcomes in a more pleasant way. Further research into its working mechanisms and in a clinical sample is required.