bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
QuikSCAT scatterometer wind data impact on tropical cyclone
Authors: RAMBABU COMMANDER G. 
Published: November 2021

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This study describes the positive impact of QuikSCAT Scatterometer data on tropical cyclone analyses and forecasts using a Mesoscale Model (MM5). QuikSCAT data is especially valuable because they are available in the data sparse genesis regions of tropical cyclones, and because they are available in cloudy and rainy conditions. The model used in the study, MM5 is known as fifth generation NCAR/Penn State Mesoscale model (MM5). In order to understand and investigate the impact of QuikSCAT Scatterometer wind data, simulation with and without assimilation of scatterometer data has been performed for a few tropical cyclone cases during the period 1999 to 2003. For a cyclonic situation, data of few ships of opportunity and of some coastal or island stations are only available. For the assimilation of observed data into MM5, a few passes of QuikSCAT at different times are available. These additional data strengthen the initial data for assimilation. The results showed that the initial field with the inclusion of scatterometer data was nearer to the actual situation. In the prediction experiment, it was also shown that the inclusion of satellite data improved the prediction up to 48 hrs.
Some climatological aspects of thunderstorms and squalls over Guwahati Airport
Authors: KUMAR GAJENDRA , MOHAPATRA M. 
Published: November 2021

Lkkj & xqokgkVh gokbZ vM~Ms ij vk, paMokr ls tqM+s okf"kZd vkSj ekfld ckjEckjrk dk forj.k] xtZ ds lkFk vk, rwQkuksa vkSj paMokrksa ds vkjEHk gksus dk le; vkSj mudh vof/k rFkk i;kZoj.kh; ifjorZuksa dk fo’ys"k.k fd;k x;k gSA rwQku vkSj paMokr lcls T;knk ebZ ds eghusa esa vkrs gSa vkSj mlds ckn viSzy ds eghus esa vkrs gSaA rwQkuksa vkSj paMokrksa dh vko`fr;k¡ lcls T;knk ebZ ds eghusa esa gksrh gSa vkSj mlds ckn vizSy ds eghus esa gksrh gSaA vf/kdk¡’k rwQku ekulwu _rq ls iwoZ vkSj ekulwu _rq ds nkSjku vkrs gSa rFkk paMokr Qjojh ls ebZ ds eghuksa ds nkSjku vkrs gSaA ekulwu _rq ls iwoZ vkus okys vf/kdk¡’k rwQku e/; jkf= ls ysdj rM+ds lqcg ds le; esa vkrs gSa tcfd ekulwu _rq ds nkSjku vkus okys rwQku 0600&1200 ;w- Vh- lh- ds chp vk;k djrs gSa vf/kdk¡’k rwQkuksa dh vof/k rhu ?kaVksa ls Hkh de dh gksrh gSA vf/kdk¡’k paMokrksa dh vof/k pkj feuVksa ls Hkh de dh gksrh gS] fn’kk mÙkj if’pe vkSj ;s 0900&2100 ;w- Vh- lh- ds le; vkrs gSaA xqokgkVh gokbZ vM~Ms ij paMokr ds vkus ls i;kZoj.kh; rkieku vkSlru 2-2° lsa- rd fxj tkrk gS] lkisf{kd vknzZrk 8-5 izfr’kr rd c<+ tkrh gS vkSj nkc 1-6 gSDVkikLdy rd c<+ tkrk gSA xqokgkVh gokbZ vM~Ms ij paMokr ds vkus ls vf/kdre iou xfr vkSlru yxHkx 39 ukWV~l gksrh gSA fiNys v/;;uksa ls rqyuk djus ij ;g irk pyrk gS fd fiNys dqN o"kksZa esa rQkuksa vkSj paMokrksa ds y{k.kksa esa fo’ks"k ifjorZu ugha vk;k gSA
The annual and monthly frequency distribution, time of commencement and duration of thunderstorms & squalls and environmental changes associated with occurrence of squall at Guwahati Airport have been analyzed. The frequencies of thunderstorms and squalls are maximum in the month of May followed by April. Most of the thunderstorms occur during premonsoon and monsoon season and squalls occur during Feb-May. Most of the premonsoon thunderstorms commence during midnight to early morning while the thunderstorms during monsoon season have preference to commence between 0600-1200 UTC. Majority of thunderstorms is of the duration of less than three hours. Majority of squalls have the duration of less than four minutes, direction as northwesterly and occur during 0900-2100 UTC. On the average, environmental temperature falls by 2.2° C, the relative humidity rises by 8.5%, and the pressure increases by 1.6 hPa due to squall over Guwahati Airport. The average maximum wind speed associated with a squall over Guwahati Airport is about 39 knots. Comparison with the past studies indicates that characteristics of thunderstorms and squalls have not changed significantly over the years.
DİJİTAL EKONOMİ VE İŞGÜCÜ PİYASASI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN KANONİK KORELASYON ANALİZİ İLE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ŞENGÜL Zeynep 
Published: November 2021

Özet
Bu çalışmada Eurostat 2019 Avrupa ülkelerinin dijital ekonomi değişken kümesi ile işgücü piyasası kümesi arasındaki ilişki analiz edilmektedir. İki değişken kümesinde yer alan her birinde en az iki değişken olması gereken değişken gruplarının birbirleri arasındaki ilişki çok değişkenli istatistik yöntemi olan kanonik korelasyon analizi ile incelenmektedir.
Kanonik korelasyon uygulanmadan önce tüm varsayımlar sağlanarak, basit korelasyon uygulanmaktadır. Basit korelasyon matrisi incelendiğinde tüm değişkelerin birbirleri arasındaki ilişkinin olumlu olduğu görülmektedir. Uygulanan analiz sonucunda üç tane kanonik korelasyon katsayısı hesaplanmakta sadece birinci kanonik korelasyon katsayısı anlamlı çıkmaktadır. Birinci kanonik katsayısı 0.668 olarak hesaplanmakta ve dijital ekonomi ile işgücü piyasası kümeleri arasında olumlu ve güçlü denilecek kadar bir ilişkinin var olduğu söylenmektedir.
Hoe weet je wat werkt? Over de zoektocht naar bruikbare kennis voor beleidseffectiviteit
Authors: van Eersel Gerdien 
Published: November 2021

Hoe weet je wat werkt? Over de zoektocht naar bruikbare kennis voor beleidseffectiviteit
Welke kennis is nodig om zicht te krijgen op de te verwachten effecten van beleid? Hiervoor moet worden ingeschat of een beleidsinterventie effectief zal zijn en binnen een bepaalde context zal uitwerken zoals beoogd. Twee typen kennisclaims zijn hierbij van belang, namelijk die over de verklarende mechanismes tussen interventie en uitkomst, en die over de ondersteunende factoren die voorwaardelijk zijn voor de uitkomst. Dit standpunt wordt geïllustreerd aan de hand van twee voorbeelden van beleidsinterventies in de praktijk: de inzet van kleinere schoolklassen en de publieke registratie van zedendelinquenten.
Scalable Chemical Interface Confinement Reduction BiOBr to Bismuth Porous Nanosheets for Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Liquid Fuel
Authors: Fu Xianbiao , Wang Jia‐ao , Hu Xiaobing , He Kun , Tu Qing , Yue Qin , Kang Yijin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) toward chemical and fuel production is a compelling component of the new energy system. Two‐dimensional bismuth with a particular surface has been identified as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for converting CO2 to formate. However, the development of a controllable synthetic strategy for possible large‐scale production of such Bi materials remains highly challenging. Herein, a scalable chemical interface confinement reduction method is proposed for topotactic transformation of BiOBr (001) nanosheets to metallic Bi (001) porous nanosheets (PNS). As expected, the Bi (001) PNS exhibits excellent electrochemical performance on CO2 reduction to formate, with Faradaic efficiency of 95.2% and formate partial current density of 72 mA cm−2. Density functional theory calculations suggest that Bi PNS selectively exposes (001) surfaces with small‐angle grain boundaries can significantly lower the free energy barrier for the formation of *OCHO, which are responsible for the high activity and selectivity toward CO2‐to‐formate conversion.
Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on a Rotational Magnetic Ball for Harvesting Transmission Line Magnetic Energy
Authors: Jin Xu , Yuan Zhihao , Shi Yapeng , Sun Yanggui , Li Ruonan , Chen Junhuan , Wang Longfei , Wu Zhiyi , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are attractive in powering sensors for smart power grids. Herein, a TENG based on a rotational magnetic ball is presented to harvest the magnetic energy of transmission lines. The magnetic ball rolls in a spherical shell under the alternating magnetic field generated by the transmission line. The centrifugal force produced during the rotation is used to drive a TENG unit (ten times the weight of the magnetic ball and shell) to generate electricity with the assistance of coil springs. The device can maintain the stability of the output performance under high current shocks; meanwhile, the open‐circuit voltage, output power, and operating frequency of a single TENG unit can reach 1.5 kV, 6.67 mW, and 20 Hz, respectively. Furthermore, a wireless alarm system for monitoring the temperature and dip angle of transmission lines is successfully driven by this device. This work demonstrates an efficient and nontraditional strategy for harvesting magnetic energy through TENG, which is applied to power‐distributed and self‐powered sensors for monitoring transmission lines.
Templated Growth and Passivation of Vertically Oriented Antimony Selenide Thin Films for High‐Efficiency Solar Cells in Substrate Configuration
Authors: Rijal Suman , Li Deng‐Bing , Awni Rasha A. , Xiao Chuanxiao , Bista Sandip S. , Jamarkattel Manoj K. , Heben Michael J. , Jiang Chun‐Sheng , Al‐Jassim Mowafak , Song Zhaoning , Yan Yanfa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAntimony selenide (Sb2Se3) is a promising low‐cost photovoltaic material with a 1D crystal structure. The grain orientation and defect passivation play a critical role in determining the performance of polycrystalline Sb2Se3 thin‐film solar cells. Here, a seed layer is introduced on a molybdenum (Mo) substrate to template the growth of a vertically oriented, columnar Sb2Se3 absorber layer by closed space sublimation. By controlling the grain orientation and compactness of the Sb2Se3 seeds, obtain high‐quality Sb2Se3 absorber layers with passive Sb2Se3/Mo interfaces is obtained, which in turn improve the transport of photoexcited charge carriers through the absorber layer and its interfaces. Post‐deposition annealing of absorber layers in ambient air is further utilized to passivate the defects in Sb2Se3 and enhance the quality of the front heterojunction. As a result of systematic processing optimization, Sb2Se3 planar heterojunction solar cells are fabricated in substrate configuration with a champion power conversion efficiency of 8.5%.
Homogeneous Na Deposition Enabling High‐Energy Na‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Xia Xianming , Du Cheng‐Feng , Zhong Shien , Jiang Yu , Yu Hong , Sun Wenping , Pan Hongge , Rui Xianhong , Yu Yan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSodium (Na) metal as an anode is one of the ultimate choices for the high‐energy rechargeable batteries in virtue of its intrinsic high theoretical capacity (1166 mAh g−1) and low redox potential (−2.71V vs standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)), as well as its low cost and broad sources. Nevertheless, the dendrite‐related hazards seriously block its practical application. Na dendrite formation mainly emanates from the uncontrolled Na deposition behavior. Therefore, it seems particularly important to employ appropriate strategies towards the homogeneous deposition of Na for the dendrite‐free metal anode. In this review, the challenge of regulating Na homogeneous deposition for dendrite‐free Na anodes is first discussed. Then, recent advances in the strategies of regulating the Na uniform deposition are summarized, including adjusting Na+ flux near the solid‐liquid interface and improving sodiophilicity on the biphase interface. Lastly, perspectives on further research and important factors toward the practical application of high‐energy‐density Na metal batteries are emphasized in detail.
Orbital Gating Driven by Giant Stark Effect in Tunneling Phototransistors
Authors: Kim Eunah , Hwang Geunwoo , Kim Dohyun , Won Dongyeun , Joo Yanggeun , Zheng Shoujun , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Moon Pilkyung , Kim Dong‐Wook , Sun Linfeng , Yang Heejun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractConventional gating in transistors uses electric fields through external dielectrics that require complex fabrication processes. Various optoelectronic devices deploy photogating by electric fields from trapped charges in neighbor nanoparticles or dielectrics under light illumination. Orbital gating driven by giant Stark effect is demonstrated in tunneling phototransistors based on 2H‐MoTe2 without using external gating bias or slow charge trapping dynamics in photogating. The original self‐gating by light illumination modulates the interlayer potential gradient by switching on and off the giant Stark effect where the dz2‐orbitals of molybdenum atoms play the dominant role. The orbital gating shifts the electronic bands of the top atomic layer of the MoTe2 by up to 100 meV, which is equivalent to modulation of a carrier density of 7.3 × 1011 cm–2 by electrical gating. Suppressing conventional photoconductivity, the orbital gating in tunneling phototransistors achieves low dark current, practical photoresponsivity (3357 AW–1), and fast switching time (0.5 ms) simultaneously.
Nanostructured Surfaces as Plasmonic Biosensors: A Review
Authors: Minopoli Antonio , Acunzo Adriano , Della Ventura Bartolomeo , Velotta Raffaele 
Published: November 2021

AbstractConventional laboratory techniques exhibit impressive sensing performance and still constitute an irreplaceable tool in bioanalytics. Nevertheless, high costs, time consumption, and need for well‐equipped laboratories and skilled personnel make highly desirable to explore novel strategies to carry out biochemical analyses. In this regard, biosensor‐based methods represent a promising approach to keep affordability and rapidity, thus they can inherently pave the way to point of care tests and high‐throughput analysis. Regrettably, most of them suffer from fabrication and biofunctionalization complexity, and poor sensitivities and reliability. Therefore, their adoption as a real alternative to the gold standards is still far from being achieved. However, the massive research on plasmonic nanostructures is revealing their potentialities in sensing field, since they own appealing performances resulting from the plasmon‐related effects and can be easily adapted to a large variety of applications. In this review, a summary of plasmonic biosensors recently devised is reported. Though many nanostructures fit for shared applications, for clarity they are classified into two main categories: i) biosensors whose sensing parameters are plasmon‐related observables (localized, coupled, lattice surface plasmon resonances) and ii) biosensors in which the nanostructure acts as amplifier for an external signal (surface‐enhanced Raman and infrared spectroscopies and plasmon‐enhanced fluorescence).
Giant Enhancement of Seebeck Coefficient by Deformation of Silicene Buckled Structure in Calcium‐Intercalated Layered Silicene Film
Authors: Terada Tsukasa , Uematsu Yuto , Ishibe Takafumi , Naruse Nobuyasu , Sato Kazunori , Nguyen Tien Quang , Kobayashi Eiichi , Nakano Hideyuki , Nakamura Yoshiaki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLayered silicene with deformed buckled structure attracts great interest as a next generation 2D Dirac thermoelectric material beyond conventional layered materials. However, the difficulty of modulating atomic positions in silicene prevents its realization. This study proposes a method to deform buckled structure in layered silicene by controlling the intercalated atoms, which can dramatically enhance its thermoelectric properties. Silicene buckled structure is deformed in epitaxial CaSi2 thin films, Ca‐intercalated layered silicenes, on Si(111) substrates, which is related to the composition of intercalated Ca. Therein, buckling height of silicene is changed. This CaSi2 film with deformed silicene exhibits not only metal‐like electrical conductivity but also three times larger Seebeck coefficient than the theoretically predicted value, resulting in ≈3000 times larger power factor (≈40 μW cm−1 K−2) than that of the reported CaSi2 film at room temperature. This result experimentally demonstrates that power factor can be greatly enhanced by deforming the silicene buckled structure.
Borane Catalyzed Selective Diazo Cross‐Coupling Towards Pyrazoles
Authors: Dasgupta Ayan , Pahar Sanjukta , Babaahmadi Rasool , Gierlichs Lukas , Yates Brian F. , Ariafard Alireza , Melen Rebecca L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDecomposition of donor‐acceptor diazo compounds leads to the formation of reactive carbene intermediates. These can undergo a wide variety of carbene transfer reactions to yield synthetically useful products. Herein, we report a selective borane catalyzed cyclization reaction from the combination of two different diazo compounds to afford N‐substituted pyrazoles. The selective decomposition of the more reactive α‐aryl α‐diazoester and subsequent reaction with a vinyl diazoacetate produces N‐alkylated pyrazoles in a regioselective manner. Catalytic amounts of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (10 mol%) were employed to afford the pyrazole products (36 examples) in yields from 59 to 80%. Extensive DFT studies have been undertaken to interpret the mechanism for this reaction which was found to go through two tandem catalytic cycles, both catalyzed by B(C6F5)3.magnified image
π‐Conjugation Induced Anchoring of Ferrocene on Graphdiyne Enable Shuttle‐Free Redox Mediation in Lithium‐Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Li Xudong , Han Guokang , Qian Zhengyi , Liu Qingsong , Qiang Zhuomin , Song Yajie , Huo Hua , Du Chunyu , Lou Shuaifeng , Yin Geping 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSoluble redox mediators (RMs), an alternative to conventional solid catalysts, have been considered an effective countermeasure to ameliorate sluggish kinetics in the cathode of a lithium–oxygen battery recently. Nevertheless, the high mobility of RMs leads to serious redox shuttling, which induces an undesired lithium‐metal degeneration and RM decomposition during trade‐off catalysis against the sustainable operation of batteries. Here, a novel carbon family of graphdiyne matrix is first proposed to decouple the charge‐carrying redox property of ferrocene and the shuttle effects. It is demonstrated that a ferrocene‐anchored graphdiyne framework can function as stationary RM, not only preserving the redox‐mediating capability of ferrocene, but also promoting the local orientated three‐dimensional (3D) growth of Li2O2. As a result, the RM‐assisted catalysis in lithium–oxygen battery remains of remarkable efficiency and stability without the depletion of oxidized RMs or lithium degradation, resulting in a significantly enhanced electrochemical performance.
Enabling Selenium‐Rich SexSy Cathodes to Work in Carbonate‐Based Electrolytes
Authors: He Bin , Liu Dongdong , Cheng Zexiao , Miao Ziyun , Rao Zhixiang , Zhang Huangwei , Yuan Lixia , Li Zhen , Huang Yunhui 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLithium–sulfur/selenium batteries have attracted broad interest and achieved good performance using ether‐based electrolytes. However, when the ether‐based electrolytes are employed, Li–S/Se battery systems still have several inevitable drawbacks inhibiting their practical applications, such as intermediate product dissolution issues, and a dependency on a high content of electrolyte. Thus, it is urgent to pay attention to the electrochemical properties of SexSy cathodes in carbonate‐based electrolytes, which may avoid the above mentioned problems. In this work, a series of mesoporous carbon/SexSy (CMK‐3/SexSy) composites with covalent Se‐S bonds and different Se/S molar ratios are prepared and their working mechanism in carbonate‐based electrolytes is systematically investigated by combining experimental analysis and theoretical calculations. This work finds that the Se in the CMK‐3/SexSy cathode is beneficial for the transportation of Li+ ions and forms a thin cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) during the discharge–charge process. Furthermore, S substitution in Se8 molecules can enhance the specific capacity and lower the bond breaking and lithiation energies. The optimal CMK‐3/SexSy cathode delivers outstanding performance with a high reversible capacity of 609 mA h g−1 at 1 A g−1 over 300 cycles.
N‐efficient cotton genotype grown under low nitrogen shows relatively large root system, high biomass accumulation and nitrogen metabolism
Authors: Iqbal Asif , Qiang Dong , Xiangru Wang , Huiping Gui , Jing Niu , Leilei Li , Hengheng Zhang , Nianchang Pang , Xiling Zhang , Meizhen Song 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA larger root system enhanced biomass accumulation, and high nitrogen (N) metabolism is an effective mechanism of plants in response to low N stress. How cotton plants balance N metabolism and enhanced biomass accumulation to support larger root systems under low N stress remains to be elucidated. This study deals with the changes in root development due to biomass accumulation and N metabolism in contrasting N‐efficient cotton genotypes (CCRI‐69, N‐efficient, and XLZ‐30, N‐inefficient) under low (0.2 mM) and normal (2 mM) N concentrations. The results showed that genotype CCRI‐69 produced a larger root system, high biomass accumulation, and N metabolism than XLZ‐30. The flourishing root system of CCRI‐69 was due to more allocation of sugars from shoot to root, especially under low N concentrations, to support efficient N uptake followed by high N metabolism and N use efficiency (NUE). In addition, CCRI‐69 produced more dry biomass, high photosynthetic activity, N‐related enzymatic activities, N uptake, and utilization under normal N concentration compared with XLZ‐30. Based on multivariate analysis, root morphological traits, sugar contents, and N‐assimilating enzymatic activities might be considered the key traits contributing to NUE and can also be used as potential indicators for genotypic evaluation. In the future, high N metabolism and allocation of more sugars under low N concentration could be studied at a molecular level to better understand the underlying molecular mechanism of NUE in cotton.