bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID‐19 disease severity assessment using CNN model
Authors: Irmak Emrah 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDue to the highly infectious nature of the novel coronavirus (COVID‐19) disease, excessive number of patients waits in the line for chest X‐ray examination, which overloads the clinicians and radiologists and negatively affects the patient's treatment, prognosis and control of the pandemic. Now that the clinical facilities such as the intensive care units and the mechanical ventilators are very limited in the face of this highly contagious disease, it becomes quite important to classify the patients according to their severity levels. This paper presents a novel implementation of convolutional neural network (CNN) approach for COVID‐19 disease severity classification (assessment). An automated CNN model is designed and proposed to divide COVID‐19 patients into four severity classes as mild, moderate, severe, and critical with an average accuracy of 95.52% using chest X‐ray images as input. Experimental results on a sufficiently large number of chest X‐ray images demonstrate the effectiveness of CNN model produced with the proposed framework. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first COVID‐19 disease severity assessment study with four stages (mild vs. moderate vs. severe vs. critical) using a sufficiently large number of X‐ray images dataset and CNN whose almost all hyper‐parameters are automatically tuned by the grid search optimiser.
Lemon‐YOLO: An efficient object detection method for lemons in the natural environment
Authors: Li Guojin , Huang Xiaojie , Ai Jiaoyan , Yi Zeren , Xie Wei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEfficient Intelligent detection is a key technology in automatic harvesting robots. However, citrus detection is still a challenging task because of varying illumination, random occlusion and colour similarity between fruits and leaves in natural conditions. In this paper, a detection method called Lemon‐YOLO (L‐YOLO) is proposed to improve the accuracy and real‐time performance of lemon detection in the natural environment. The SE_ResGNet34 network is designed to replace DarkNet53 network in YOLOv3 algorithm as a new backbone of feature extraction. It can enhance the propagation of features, and needs less parameter, which helps to achieve higher accuracy and speed. Moreover, the SE_ResNet module is added to the detection block, to improve the quality of representations produced from the network by strengthening the convolutional features of channels. The experimental results show that the proposed L‐YOLO has an average accuracy(AP) of 96.28% and a detection speed of 106 frames per second (FPS) on the lemon test set, which is 5.68% and 28 FPS higher than the YOLOv3, respectively. The results indicate that the L‐YOLO method has superior detection performance. It can recognize and locate lemons in the natural environment more efficiently, providing technical support for the machine's picking lemon and other fruits.
Rauchverhalten von Krebspatienten nach Kehlkopfteilresektion: Welche Bedeutung hat die Kausalattribution?
Authors: Münnemann Anika , Meyer Alexandra , Engelmann Dorit , Boehm Andreas , Breitenstein Kerstin , Ulrich Angela , Guntinas-Lichius Orlando , Schock Elke-Juliane , Keszte Judith , Ernst Jochen 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Etwa 4000 Personen erkranken in Deutschland jährlich an Kehlkopfkrebs. Als einer der wichtigsten Risikofaktoren gilt das Rauchen. Die Studie untersucht den Zusammenhang von Kausalattribution und Rauchverhalten bei Patienten mit Kehlkopfkrebs nach Kehlkopfteilresektion (KTR) und den Einfluss der Kausalattribution auf das Rauchverhalten nach KTR.
Methodik In einer multizentrischen prospektiven Kohortenstudie zwischen 2007 und 2013 wurden Patienten mit Kehlkopfkrebs zu 4 Befragungszeitpunkten mit Fragebogen befragt: t1 (zwischen Diagnosestellung und KTR), eine Woche (t2), 3 Monate (t3) und 12 Monate (t4) nach KTR. Nachfolgend werden Daten der Messzeitpunkte t1 und t4 präsentiert. Wesentlicher Gegenstand der deskriptiven Auswertung waren die Kausalattribution (offene Antwort mit anschließender Kodierung entsprechend der wichtigsten Ursachenzuschreibungen sowie früheres und aktuelles Rauchverhalten anhand des DIA-X-Interviewsystems). Die Patienten wurden entsprechend ihrer Kausalattributionen gruppiert und hinsichtlich des Rauchverhaltens verglichen.
Ergebnisse Zu den Zeitpunkten t1 und t4 wurden 134 Patienten (Durchschnittsalter 62 Jahre, 93% männlich) interviewt. Ein Viertel der Befragten (25,4%) benennt keine Ursache für die Erkrankung. Wird eine Kausalattribution genannt, ist das Rauchen die am häufigsten beschriebene Ursache (43,3%). Bei aktiven Rauchern dieser Gruppe sinkt die Anzahl der täglich gerauchten Zigaretten nach KTR signifikant um 6 Zigaretten (p=0,001) auf durchschnittlich 11 Zigaretten pro Tag. In keiner Gruppe sinkt der Anteil der Rauchenden signifikant.
Schlussfolgerung Die Kausalattribution hat keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Rauchentwöhnungsrate. Aktive Raucher reduzieren nach KTR die Menge der Zigaretten signifikant. Dieser Effekt ist noch deutlicher, wenn eine Kausalattribution vorliegt. Indem psychoonkologische Betreuungsangebote, Beratungsgespräche und Rauchentwöhnungsprogramme die Kausalattribution unter Einbezug der Fallspezifik thematisieren, kann dies zu einem prognostisch günstigeren Rauchverhalten nach KTR beitragen.
Signal-To-Noise Ratio Calculations to Validate Sensor Positioning for Facial Muscle Assessment Using Noninvasive Facial Electromyography
Authors: Frank Konstantin , Moellhoff Nicholas , Kaiser Antonia , Alfertshofer Michael , Gotkin Robert H. , Patel Ashit , Smith Michael P. , Mardini Samir , Gavril Diana , Cotofana Sebastian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe evaluation of neuromodulator treatment outcomes can be performed by noninvasive surface-derived facial electromyography (fEMG) which can detect cumulative muscle fiber activity deep to the skin. The objective of the present study is to identify the most reliable facial locations where the motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) of various facial muscles can be quantified during fEMG measurements. The study population consisted of five males and seven females (31.0 [12.9] years, body mass index of 22.15 [1.6] kg/m2). Facial muscle activity was assessed in several facial regions in each patient for their respective muscle activity utilizing noninvasive surface-derived fEMG. Variables of interest were the average root mean square of three performed muscle contractions (= signal) (µV), mean root mean square between those contraction with the face in a relaxed facial expression (= baseline noise) (µV), and the signal to noise ratio (SNR). A total of 1,709 processed fEMG signals revealed one specific reliable location in each investigated region based on each muscle's anatomy, on the highest value of the SNR, on the lowest value for the baseline noise, and on the practicability to position the sensor while performing a facial expression. The results of this exploratory study may help guiding future researchers and practitioners in designing study protocols and measuring individual facial MUAP when utilizing fEMG. The locations presented herein were selected based on the measured parameters (SNR, signal, baseline noise) and on the practicability and reproducibility of sensor placement.
Bots are less central than verified accounts during contentious political events
Authors: González-Bailón Sandra , De Domenico Manlio 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Online networks carry benefits and risks with high-stakes consequences during contentious political events: They can be tools for organization and awareness, or tools for disinformation and conflict. We combine social media and web-tracking data to measure differences on the visibility of news sources during two events that involved massive political mobilizations in two different countries and time periods. We contextualize the role of social media as an entry point to news, and we cast doubts on the impact that bot activity had on the coverage of those mobilizations. We show that verified, blue-badge accounts were significantly more visible and central. Our findings provide evidence to evaluate the role of social media in facilitating information campaigns and eroding traditional gatekeeping roles.
Global hydroclimatic response to tropical volcanic eruptions over the last millennium
Authors: Tejedor Ernesto , Steiger Nathan J. , Smerdon Jason E. , Serrano-Notivoli Roberto , Vuille Mathias 
Published: March 2021

SignificanceFuture large tropical volcanic eruptions will induce global hydroclimatic changes, superimposed on anthropogenic climate change. Understanding how volcanic eruptions affect global hydroclimate is therefore critically important. Tejedor et al. use a new paleoclimatic product, which combines information from high-resolution proxies and climate models, to estimate volcanic impacts on hydroclimate over the last millennium. They find that past eruptions caused severe drying in tropical Africa and across Central Asia and the Middle East and significantly wetter conditions over Oceania and the South American monsoon region, some of which persisted for a decade or longer. These proxy-based findings suggest that, relative to estimates from a state-of-the-art climate model, much larger and persistent hydroclimatic changes are possible across regions of important socioeconomic activity.
A synthetic 5,3-cross-link in the cell wall of rod-shaped Gram-positive bacteria
Authors: Dik David A. , Zhang Nan , Sturgell Emily J. , Sanchez Brittany B. , Chen Jason S. , Webb Bill , Vanderpool Kimberly G. , Schultz Peter G. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
The cell wall of bacteria is a biopolymer formed of glycan chains cross-linked by interconnecting peptide stems. Elucidating the structure, biosynthesis, and recycling mechanisms of the cell wall is important to understanding the mechanism of action of β-lactam antibiotics and the development of new antibiotics. Here we use a synthetic biology approach to probe the structural and biosynthetic constraints of cell-wall architecture by introducing noncanonical building blocks into the cell walls of living bacteria. We show that a Gram-positive bacterium remains viable under circumstances where approximately 20% of the cell wall is interconnected by synthetic 5,3-cross-links, a cross-linking arrangement absent in Nature. Characterization of these synthetic cell-wall cross-links highlights key differences in cell-wall recycling between Gram-negative and -positive bacteria.
Degradation of methylene blue in liquid using high-voltage pulsed discharge plasma synergizing iron-based catalyst-activated persulfate
Authors: Yang De-Zheng , Zhou Xiong-Feng , Liang Jian-Ping , Xu Qing-Nan , Wang Hong-Li , Yang Kun , Wang Bo , Wang Wen-Chun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this work, high-voltage pulsed Ar gas–liquid discharge synergizing iron-based catalyst-activated persulfate (PS) was employed to degrade methylene blue (MB) in water. The catalytic performances of two types of iron-based catalysts, namely the homogeneous catalyst Fe2+ and the heterogeneous catalyst nano-Fe3O4, were compared. Correspondingly, the plasma gas temperature and excited species were calculated and diagnosed using optical emission spectra. It was found that the introduced plasma process significantly enhanced the degradation efficiency of MB by the PS/Fe2+ and the PS/Fe3O4 systems. After 20 min of treatment, the MB degradation efficiency reaches 97.5% and 83.1% in the hybrid plasma/PS/Fe2+ and plasma/PS/Fe3O4 systems, respectively, which is 37.9% and 35.6% higher than that in the PS/Fe2+ and PS/Fe3O4 systems. The synergistic mechanism and key reactive species responsible for MB degradation in hybrid plasma/PS/Fe2+ and plasma/PS/Fe3O4 were explored using the addition of radical scavengers and control experiments under various conditions. The homogeneous catalyst Fe2+ exhibits better activation performance in PS and plasma than that of the heterogeneous catalyst nano-Fe3O4.
Variational quantum compiling with double Q-learning
Authors: He Zhimin , Li Lvzhou , Zheng Shenggen , Li Yongyao , Situ Haozhen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractQuantum compiling aims to construct a quantum circuitVby quantum gates drawn from a native gate alphabet, which is functionally equivalent to the target unitaryU. It is a crucial stage for the running of quantum algorithms on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. However, the space for structure exploration of quantum circuit is enormous, resulting in the requirement of human expertise, hundreds of experimentations or modifications from existing quantum circuits. In this paper, we propose a variational quantum compiling (VQC) algorithm based on reinforcement learning, in order to automatically design the structure of quantum circuit for VQC with no human intervention. An agent is trained to sequentially select quantum gates from the native gate alphabet and the qubits they act on by doubleQ-learning withϵ-greedy exploration strategy and experience replay. At first, the agent randomly explores a number of quantum circuits with different structures, and then iteratively discovers structures with higher performance on the learning task. Simulation results show that the proposed method can make exact compilations with less quantum gates compared to previous VQC algorithms. It can reduce the errors of quantum algorithms due to decoherence process and gate noise in NISQ devices, and enable quantum algorithms especially for complex algorithms to be executed within coherence time.
A novel multi-banding application of magnetic field to convective transport system filled with porous medium and hybrid nanofluid
Authors: Manna Nirmal K , Mondal Milan K , Biswas Nirmalendu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To enhance the controllability of transport phenomena where magnetic fields are coupled with other multiphysics, a concept of multi-banding distribution of the magnetic field is presented in this work. For this study, a typical differentially heated convective system (of square shape) is considered with porous media saturated Cu–Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluid. The isothermal heating and cooling applied on the sidewalls of the system induce a buoyant flow, which is resisted by porous media and is dampened intermittently by the banded form of application of magnetic fields. The multi-banding distribution of magnetic fields is illustrated using four-band, two-band, and one-band configurations (all having the same effective length of the magnetic field). The results are generated by an in-house code adopting the finite volume method and the Brinkman-Forchheimer-Darcy model. For a set of selective parameters of the Hartmann number, Darcy number, hybrid nanofluid concentration, and Darcy-Rayleigh number, the study reveals that the multi-banding of the magnetic field through different numbers of bands has significant effects on transport phenomena and heat transfer. Heat transfer with the two-banded magnetic field is found more. Overall, the multi-banding technique is energy efficient compared to the whole domain magnetic field. This technique could be a prospective tool to control convective transports effectively and could open an area of potential researches in the area of multi-physical applications.
Single phase based study of Ag-Cu/EO Williamson hybrid nanofluid flow over a stretching surface with shape factor
Authors: Jamshed Wasim , Devi Suriya Uma , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Hybrid nanofluids is the suspension of two different types of nanoparticles in the base fluid. This enhances the heat transfer capabilities of the ordinary fluids and prove to better heat exponent as compare to the nanofluids. In this research, we investigate the nanofluid for its flow and heat transport features by subjecting it to a slippery surface. The fluid motion disturbance is achieved by with the utilization of non-linear, uniform horizontal porous stretching of the surface with in a Darcy type porous media. The effect of nanoparticle shapes, porous medium, variable thermal conductivity and thermal radiation are also included in this analysis. A numerical method, Keller box is used to find the self-similar solution of equations. Two different types of nanoparticles, Copper(Cu) and Silver(Ag) with non-Newtonian Engine Oil (EO) based fluid have been taken into consideration for our analysis. The valuable finding of this study is that the comparative heat transfer rate of Williamson hybrid nanofluids (Ag − Cu/EO) gradually more increases as compared to conventional nanofluids (Cu − EO). Moreover, Lamina-shaped particles result in the most significant temperature in the boundary layer, while the lowest temperature is observed in spherical-shaped nanoparticles. Finally entropy of the system exaggerates with the incorporation of nanoparticle percentage by volume, thermal radiation, variable thermal conductivity and Williamson variable.
Method validation for pesticide multiresidue analysis of pyrethroid on green beans of arabica gayo coffee using gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD)
Authors: Yusuf M , Idroes R , Saiful  , Lelifajri  , Bakri T K , Satria M , Nufus H , Yuswandi I , Helwani Z , Muslem  , Marlina  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The method validation for the pesticide multi-residue analysis of pyrethroid on green beans of Gayo Arabica coffee using the Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detector (GC-ECD) method was carried out. Coffee samples were taken at three locations in Bener Meriah Regency, namely Bandar, Permata, and Wih Pesam. The pyrethroid residues measured were cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and permethrin. The coffee samples were extracted by QuEChERS using a solvent of 1% acetic acid in acetonitrile. The validation parameters tested included selectivity, linearity, Limit of Detection (LoD), Limit of Quantification (LoQ), precision, and accuracy. The results showed that this method was selective, with only three pyrethroid peaks detected. The method was linear in the concentration ranges of 0.01-0.30 μg/mL, with the correlation coefficient of ≥0.99 for all samples. The sensitivity was excellent with LoD and LoQ of 0.0151-0.0420 μg/mL and 0.0504-0.1400 μg/mL. The accuracy and precision were very well with %recovery and % RSD of 83.85-105.19 and 1.5-8.3 for cypermethrin, 75.17-89.34, and 2.0-11.7 deltamethrin, and 83.16-109.43 and 3.1-3.6 for permethrin, respectively. The method application showed that no pyrethroid residues were found in all coffee samples. The result was confirmed by the obtained % recovery in ranges of 90-109 % for all samples.
Characterisation and cytotoxicity assay of curcumin nanostructured lipid carrier on HeLa cells
Authors: Rabima  , Oktamauri A 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLow bioavailability is major problem in the use of curcumin. Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) is an interesting generation of lipid-based nanoparticles, because of its ability to increase the bioavailability of drugs. The objectives of this study were to make a formulation of curcumin in NLC (CRM-NLC) preparations, to determine its characteristic and to examine the cytotoxic effects of CRM-NLC on HeLa cells in vitro. CRM-NLC was made by the method of evaporation and diffusion of solvents in aqueous systems then followed by ultrasonication. Its particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential were determined by using Particle Size Analyzer. The structure and morphology were observed by using Transmission Electron Microscopy then its cytotoxic activity toward HeLa cells was examined by using the MTT method then Half Maximal Inhibition Concentration (IC50) was determined. CRM-NLC produced in this study had an average particle size of 17.4 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.574, the zeta potential of -63.43 mV, with structure and the morphology of CRM-NLC was round and smooth surface. CRM-NLC IC50 value obtained in this study was 8,872 μg / mL. This study has succeeded in making CRM-NLC preparation with good characteristics and improving curcumin activity on HeLa cells.
Co-integration analysis between rice production and exchange reserves with rice consumption in Indonesia
Authors: Mustafa  , Aprilia A P , Fauzi T 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Rice production is increasing every year but Indonesia still to import rice which is directly related to the use of foreign exchange reserves. Volume of rice import is caused by the small amount of rice production. If the volume of rice import is only a small amount means the amount of rice production is large. Large volume of imports will may have impact on foreign exchange reserves and constraints the ability to import raw materials and capital goods needed for development. The purpose of this study is to determine the co- integration between foreign exchange reserves and rice imports in Indonesia. The method used in this study is the Error Correction Model (ECM) analysis. The results of the study showed that there was co-integration of rice production and rice import while there was no co-integration of foreign exchange reserves and rice import that is the variables did not have a long-term relationship.
Preliminary Study on the Basic Characteristics of Isopropyl Esters Used As Insulating Liquid
Authors: Rajab A , Ramadhani J , Kurniawan R , Qibran K , Latief M , Hamid MI 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe paper presents the basic properties evaluation of isopropyl esters for an insulating liquid in oil-filled transformer. Two kinds of isopropyl esters, namely, isopropyl palmitate and isopropyl stearate, were synthesized from isopropyl alcohol and palmitate and stearate acids. The resulted isopropyl esters were then evaluated for their basic properties such as breakdown voltage, viscosity, density, acidity, and water-based on the ASTM D 6871 standard specification. The investigation results show that the viscosity and the Density of both isopropyl esters meet the standard’s values well. The breakdown voltage of isopropyl stearate is higher than the standard specification, whereas that of isopropyl palmitate is less than the standard value. The water content of both liquids is still much higher than the value specified by the standard.
Cleaner production analysis at hospital wastewater treatment plant
Authors: Amala K , Budhi S , Kusnoputranto H 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The construction of WWTP (Wastewater Treatment Process) hospital should prioritize the environmental aspect and apply the principle of sustainable development so that the environmental impact can be minimized and optimize its management. The wastewater management strategy used in Hospital X uses an end of pipe strategy that focuses only on sewage treatment and disposal, so as not to completely solve existing environmental problems. Cleaner production analysis is applied to improve wastewater management and WWTP performance thus improving WWTP’s operational cost-efficiency. The implementation of cleaner production can be one of the alternatives to reduce management costs through the identification of opportunities also inefficiencies found in WWTP management in hospitals. The analysis was carried out using descriptive analysis through the depiction of the water balance in WWTP treatment, the analysis then continued using fishbone diagrams to see the efficiency opportunities that can be applied. The results showed wastewater produced from the hospital met the standard requirements of wastewater quality so that it can be reused as one of the raw water sources for the hospital’s operational activities.