bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of recurrent herpes labialis in Western Maharashtra
Authors: Ashwini Rani S. R , Suragimath Girish , Rajmane Vijaya , Rajmane Yojari 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Recurrent herpes labialis (RHL) is a disorder with serious health and social consequences and which affects most of the adults. However, high degree of research paucity pertaining to its prevalence was observed, especially from India.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of RHL in western Maharashtra.

Materials and Methods:
In this prospective study, 1368 patients of either sex, satisfying the inclusion criteria, were included in the study after screening 34,560 patients for RHL lesions. Demographic data such as age, gender and risk factors, namely stress, menstruation and common cold, were recorded. Further, data regarding history of itching, fever, malaise and burning on lips followed by vesicles and frequency of lesions and duration were also recorded. After clinical examination site, size and nature of lesion were noted on a clinical pro forma. Results were compared statistically, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The majority of the patients were in the age group of 30–39 years, with a female predominance (63.89%) (male:female = 0.33:0.59). Stress (43%) was the most common risk factor in the occurrence of RHL, followed by disturbed menstruation cycle (21%). Most of the patients had two episodes of RHL (42.4%), whereas some had just one episode of recurrence (25.4%) in the past 1 year. The most commonly occurring location for RHL was upper lip (47%), especially the left side (19.1%) and right side (18.2%) of the upper lip. The overall prevalence rate of RHL in our study was 3.9%.

Conclusion:
An established prevalence (3.9%) of RHL occurs among patients in western Maharashtra.
Comparative cytopathologic evaluation using acridine orange with Papanicolaou stain in psychoactive substances abusers with potentially malignant and malignant disorders
Authors: Patel Falguni H , Bhavasar Rashmi , Shah Shreyas , Shah Vandana , Patel Pratik D 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Oral cancer is a major health problem and its early detection is advantageous for therapeutic purposes. According to available evidence, the risks of oral malignancies increase with the usage of tobacco and other psychoactive substances (PSs). The present study showed expression pattern of nuclear and cytoplasmic changes from normal individuals without habit to oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in PS abusers with the help of fluorescence acridine orange (AO) stain and Papanicolaou (PAP) stain.

Aim and Objectives:
This study aimed to investigate and compare diagnostic efficacy of fluorescence microscopic evaluation of AO stain in cytological smears with PAP staining under light microscopy in PS abusers having oral potentially malignant and malignant lesions.

Materials and Methods:
Oral smears from 120 individuals among which 40 from potentially malignant disorders, 40 from oral malignancy and 40 normal buccal mucosa smears were prepared. One set of smears was stained by AO staining and the other by PAP staining and examined under fluorescence and light microscope, respectively. The results of both the stainings were evaluated by grading cytology smears in class-I to class-V cytology.

Results:
The AO fluorescence stain reliably demonstrated malignant cells based on the differential fluorescence. The efficacy of AO fluorescence stain was higher than PAP stain in screening of oral lesions suspicious of malignancy. The sensitivity of PAP staining and AO staining is 57.50% and 61.25%, respectively.

Conclusion:
As compared to PAP staining method, fluorescent AO method is more effective in screening of OPMD and OSCC in PS abusers.
Salivary malondialdehyde in oral submucous fibrosis – A marker for oxidative damage
Authors: Ganta Shyam Raj , Chittemsetti Samatha , Sravya Taneeru , Guttikonda Venkateswara Rao 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a potentially malignant disorder of oral mucosa and its malignant transformation rate accounts to about 7%–13%. Oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation plays an important role in OSMF. Lipid peroxidation has not been widely investigated in OSMF patients with respect to clinical staging and histopathological grading. As human saliva is a diagnostic fluid which can be obtained in a noninvasive procedure as compared to the blood for serum analysis, the present study was aimed at evaluating the salivary malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in OSMF and comparison with respect to clinical staging and histopathological grading.

Aim:
This study aims to evaluate salivary MDA levels in OSMF and compare the levels with respect to clinical and histopathological grading systems.

Materials and Methods:
Forty cases of clinically diagnosed and histopathologically proven cases of OSMF were included for the purpose of this study. As controls 40 age-matched individuals without any systemic disease were selected. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from each individual, centrifuged and frozen at − 20°C until analysis. Lipid peroxidation products MDA were analyzed by thiobarbituric acid reaction.

Results:
Salivary MDA levels were significantly increased in OSMF patients compared to controls. The progressively increased salivary MDA levels showed a positive correlation with the clinical stages and histopathological grades of OSMF and the results were statistically significant.

Conclusion:
The increased salivary MDA levels in OSMF patients compared to the control group suggests an increased oxidative stress levels in the potentially malignant disorders such as OSMF. The mean salivary MDA levels were increased significantly as the clinical stage and histopathological grade of OSMF advances, suggesting MDA to be used as a reliable biochemical marker and also a prognostic marker to assess the extent of oxidative damage in OSMF.
Do patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma express receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1? Results of an observational study
Authors: Nema Swati , Kallianpur Shreenivas , Kumar Ashok , Nema Rajeev , Vishwakarma Supriya , Nema Sandeep Kumar 
Published: June 2021

Context:
The receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is a transmembrane protein of the receptor tyrosine kinase family. The expression of ROR1 has been linked to cancers.

Aims:
This study aimed to investigate the expression of ROR1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Settings and Design:
This prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary referral center for treatment of oral carcinoma from November 2013 to December 2016.

Subjects and Methods:
One-step quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (30 oral cancer tissues and ten normal oral tissue samples) was performed to characterize the expression of the ROR1 gene in oral cancer.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Analyses of all tumor samples were carried out at least twice, and the mean value was calculated. The differences in ROR1 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression between OSCC tissue and nontumorous gingival tissue was statistically analyzed using Mann–Whitney U-test. The correlations between the clinicopathological parameters and ROR1 mRNA expression were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis test χ2 value.

Results:
There were 17, 5, 3 and 1 cases of OSCC of buccal mucosa, tongue and lower alveolus lip, respectively. Nearly 88.5% of cases had a history of tobacco consumption. The most common OSCC type was T2N1M0. There was no difference in ROR1 fold change between controls and cases (P = 0.06), but there was a trend for downregulation of ROR1 expression from controls to cases. Subgroup analysis revealed the downregulation of ROR1 expression in controls versus Grade II that was significant (P = 0.04).

Conclusions:
There was no change in the expression of ROR1 between cases and controls. A study involving a larger sample size needs to be formulated and conducted for investigating the relation between expression and regulation of ROR1 in OSCC.
Site specificity and expression profile of miR-21 in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Priya N S , Nayak Ramakant , Bhat Kishore , Kugaji Manohar , Vijayalakshmi K , Rao Kavita 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common epithelial malignancy of the oral cavity which has evolved globally as a grave and growing health problem. It shares a wide geographic variation with respect to the incidence rate and exhibits anatomic adaptation to oral environment with varied clinical presentation along with a spectrum of histological mélange. Besides, in recent cancer research, both genetics and epigenetics add on at the molecular level and accounts for this diversification and tumor heterogeneity of OSCC and thereby substantiates to the miRNA expression profiling in OSCC.

Aims and Objectives:
In the present study, subsite specificity of miR-21 expression in tissue specimens of OSCC of Tongue, Buccal mucosa, and Gingivo buccal (GB) sulcus were analyzed.

Materials and Methods:
Quantification of miR-21 was done on 30 tissue samples of OSCC using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Results:
Results indicated that miR-21 expression was significantly expressed at the subsites. Out of 30 samples, 22 showed upregulation, and 8 showed down-regulation with reference to endogenous control. The comparative Ct method was used to analyze the differences in subsite specific expression of miR-21 in OSCC cases. It was significantly upregulated in the buccal mucosa (p=0.002), followed by GB sulcus (p=0.01) and Tongue (p=0.25).

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the study could identify the differential miR-21 expression at sub-sites, indicating that it may serve as a diagnostic marker with further elaboration on a larger sample size..
Expression of β-catenin in oral leukoplakia and oral submucous fibrosis
Authors: Chowdhury Pritha , Nagamalini B.R , Singh Jaya , Ashwini B.K , Sharada  , Swaminathan Uma 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Oral potentially malignant disorders have increased propensity to turn malignant than its apparently normal counterparts. Histopathological examination, although gold standard, needs adjunct technique to give accurate diagnosis. Immunohistochemistry has proved to be a promising adjunct to aid in the diagnosis so far. The quest for a definitive marker is still on. Beta-catenin (β-catenin), a structural protein has been evaluated to identify its likely role in malignant transformation of potentially malignant lesions and possibly designate it as one of the identifiable signature molecules in the transformation.

Aim and Objective:
To evaluate and estimate the expression of β-catenin in different grades of dysplasia, oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and normal mucosa and compare the same.

Methodology:
A total number of 40 cases including different grades of dysplasia, OSMF and normal mucosa were immunohistochemically stained, location and intensity of its expression were evaluated for β-catenin. The results were statistically analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance and Chi-square test.

Results:
The expression of β-Catenin in the cytoplasm as well as in the nucleus increased from mild-to-moderate dysplasia to OSMF and to severe epithelial dysplasia in an increasing order. The expression is seen to translocate from membranous to cytoplasm to nucleus indicating a proliferative potential in these group of lesions.

Conclusion:
β-catenin is a promising marker which indicates the malignant transformation potential in the higher grades of dysplasia and OSMF.
Comparison of external versus diode laser conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy with lacrimal bypass tube placement in proximal canalicular blocks
Authors: Goel Ruchi , Kishore Divya , Kumar Sushil , Nagpal Smriti 
Published: June 2021

AIMS:
Hyperlacrimation due to ocular surface or lid abnormality was ruled out and apposition of lower punctum to globe was checked.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:
This was a pilot study at a tertiary eye care center where 40 patients of proximal canalicular block <8 mm on probing were divided into two equal groups. The external CDCR group underwent routine dacryocystorhinostomy with partial carunculectomy. A tract was created from canthus to nasal cavity with von Graefe knife. In the laser CDCR group, the osteotomy was created using 980 mm diode laser with a power of 8 W. Glass tubes of appropriate length were placed and fixed using 5-0 polypropylene with our "mirror tuck technique." Results were analyzed using the Chi-square test for parametric and ANOVA test for nonparametric variables using SPSS software.

RESULTS:
Success defined as patency on syringing was achieved in 18 patients in the laser group and 16 in the external CDCR group which was comparable (P > 0.05). Complications include tube extrusion, dislocation, conjunctival overgrowth, and sump syndrome.

CONCLUSION:
Laser and external CDCRs are both effective and safe procedures for the treatment of proximal canalicular blocks with comparable success rates and complications.
The Role of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Toxigenic Clostridium tetani Infection: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Hao Nguyen Van , Huyen Nguyen Ngoc My , Ny Nguyen Thi Han , Trang Vo Thi Nhu , Hoang Nguyen Van Minh , Thuy Duong Bich , Nguyen Nguyen Thanh , Lieu Pham Thi , Duong Ha Thi Hai , Thuy Tran Thi Diem , Nhat Phung Tran Huy , Tam Dong Thi Hoai , Boni Maciej F. , Yen Lam Minh , Tan Le Van , Thanh Tran Tan , Campbell James , Thwaites C. Louise 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT.
Tetanus arises from wound contamination with Clostridium tetani, but approximately one fifth of patients have no discernable entry wound. Clostridium tetani is culturable from animal feces, suggesting the gastrointestinal tract could be an endogenous reservoir or direct-entry portal, but human data are lacking. In this study of 101 Vietnamese adults with tetanus and 29 hospitalized control subjects, admission stool samples were cultured for C. tetani. Anti-tetanus toxin antibodies were measured by ELISA. Clostridium tetani toxigenicity was evaluated using polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Toxigenic C. tetani was cultured from stool samples in 50 of 100 (50%) tetanus cases and 12 of 28 (42.9%) control subjects (P = 0.50), and stool samples of 44 of 85 (52.4%) tetanus cases with clinically identified wounds compared with 6 of 15 (47.6%) patients without clinically identified wounds (P = 0.28). Nine of 12 (75%) control subjects with toxigenic C. tetani in their stool samples lacked protective antibody concentrations. These findings fail to show evidence of an association between gastrointestinal C. tetani and tetanus infection, but emphasize the importance of increasing vaccination coverage.
Case Report: Treatment of a Severe Puff Adder Snakebite Without Antivenom Administration
Authors: Wakasugi Masahiro , Kawagishi Toshiomi , Hatano Tomoya , Shibuya Tadaki , Kuwano Hiroyuki , Matsui Kotaro 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT.
Antivenoms are the treatment of choice for managing lethal snakebites. However, antivenoms may not be available in instances where non-native vipers are kept in captivity. We report a case of a puff adder (Bitis arietans) bite treated without antivenom. A 23-year-old man was bitten on his left hand by a puff adder that he illegally kept in his house. The swelling spread rapidly to the upper arm and there was a risk of bleeding, suggesting the need for antivenom administration, but this could not be acquired because of lack of stock. We initiated fluid resuscitation and administered recombinant thrombomodulin (rTM) to prevent venom-induced consumption coagulopathy. In addition, hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment was also performed to reduce local swelling. The patient recovered without complications after the multidisciplinary treatment. Further studies are needed to prove the safety and efficacy of rTM administration and HBO therapy as an adjunct or alternative therapy with antiserum for fatal snakebite.
eTourism for Socio-Economic Development
Authors: Inversini Alessadro , Rega Isabella 
Published: June 2021

Tourism has often been described as an economic driving force that contributes to rural and emerging economies development. However, when it comes to the social aspect of development the nature of this contribution is still debated by academics. Information and Communication Technologies can help enhancing the socio-economic contribution of tourism by fostering community-based tourism independent marketing and sales dis-intermediation. eT4D can be defined as the independent use of technologies by micro and small community based tourism firms to market and sell their products and services thus fostering local socio-economic development.
Linking Destinations Through Sustainable Cultural Routes
Authors: Pattanaro Giulio , Pistocchi Filippo 
Published: June 2021

The potential for cultural routes to promote tourism destinations and increase their competitiveness has been more and more recognised at both European and global level. Planning and developing a cultural route linking together different tourism destinations is a rather difficult and complex process. This analysis will concern the proposal – promoted by a French-based pro-Europe association – to create a European cultural route dedicated to Charlemagne., The main findings are expected to serve, inter alia, as a useful toolbox for those tourism decision-makers who are directly involved in the design and development of cultural routes.
ON THE EPITHESIS -T- IN THE PLURAL FORMS OF OSSETIAN NOUNS
Authors: ГУТИЕВА Э.Т. 
Published: June 2021

Нарушение нормы может являться симптомом глубоких языковых и экстралингвистических процессов и их комбинации. В статье делается попытка всестороннего анализа нерегулярной формы множественного числа осетинского существительного ус ‘жена, женщина’ с эпитезой -т-/-t- устытæ ‘жёны, женщины’, обобщения существующих гипотез ретроспекции ее семантического, фонетического и морфологического развития. Лексему следует рассматривать в широком сопоставительном аспекте с привлечением данных различных языков, а также в контексте сопоставления с собственно осетинскими лексемами, также имеющими в исходе основы неэтимологический глухой дентальный согласный. Задачей исследования является поиск и обоснование максимально исчерпывающего списка вероятных и даже маловероятных факторов, обусловивших асимметрию в парадигме склонения. В качестве таких факторов рассматриваются фонетические процессы – парагога, действия процесса аналогии, морфологические и морфонологические причины.
Возможно рассматривать эпитезу -т-/-t- как фоссилизацию форманта множественного числа вследствие грамматической синекдохи, следовательно, формы множественного числа целого ряда осетинских лексем, а также этнонимов и фамильных имен можно рассматривать как тавтологическое множественное.
Violation of the norm can be a symptom of deep linguistic and extralinguistic processes and their combination. The present article makes an attempt to comprehensively analyze the irregular plural form of the Ossetian noun us ‘wife, woman’ with the epithesis -т - / - t- ustyta ‘wife, women’, generalizing the existing hypotheses of retrospection of its semantic, phonetic and morphological development. The lexeme should be considered in a broad comparative aspect with the involvement of data from different languages, as well as in the context of comparison with the proper Ossetian lexemes, which also have a non-etymological final voiceless dental consonant in their basis. The task of the research is to find and substantiate the most exhaustive list of probable and even unlikely factors that caused asymmetry in the declination paradigm. As such factors are considered phonetic processes - paragogue, actions of the analogy process, morphological and morphonological reasons.
It is possible to consider the epithesis -т - / - t- as fossilization of the plural formant due to the grammatical synecdoche, therefore, the plural forms of a number of Ossetian lexemes, as well as ethnonyms and family names can be considered as tautological plural.
Implementasi Algoritma Djikstra untuk Menentukan Lokasi dan Jarak Tempuh Terpendek Bank Syariah di Samarinda
Authors: Setiawan Yusuf Arif , Gata Windu , Sidik  , Nova Arviantino Fariszal 
Published: June 2021

Bank Syariah menjadi prefrensi utama bagi sebagian penganut agama Islam saat bertransaksi atau menyimpan uangnya. Walaupun sudah lama konsep Bank Syariah ada di Indonesia, namun hingga saat ini keberadaan Bank Syariah belum banyak diketahui masyarakat. Hal ini dapat dipahami karena jumlah Bank Syariah masih dapat dihitung dengan jari. Hal lainnya, lokasi Bank Syariah juga jarang menempati jalan protokol, sehingga sulit ditemukan. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan informasi rute terdekat yang dapat dilalui menuju kantor Bank Syariah. Untuk penentuan rute terdekat digunakan Algoritma yang biasa dipakai untuk pencarian rute terpendek yaitu Algoritma Dijkstra. Dengan adanya informasi rute terdekat dari pasar menuju kantor Bank Syariah, maka ketika dalam keadaan mendesak nasabah tidak lagi kesulitan mencari jalur yang paling dekat menuju kantor Bank Syariah
Impact of Formative Assessment on Students’ English Writing Skills at Elementary Level
Authors: Yasmin Tayyabba , Qadri Muhammad Ahmed , Pasha Shaheen 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the current study was to measure the impact of formative assessment techniques on students’ writing skills. The techniques of formative assessment were used with sixty-four students. Formative assessment techniques were provided to students for three months. Summative assessment techniques and students’ survey was applied. In this study formative assessment was provided during the English writing process. After the completion of the intervention, it was found that when students are provided with formative assessment during their studies, this method of assessment improves their learning process. The result depicts that when student remained under continuous assessment process, it improved their English writing skill. On the basis of these conclusions, it is recommended that teachers should use formative assessment in their classes during their teaching. They should also provide formative assessment not only to the students by themselves but also enable them for self-assessment for improvement in their learning.
LEFT MAIN STEM PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION OUTCOMES: AN EXPERENCE AT CHAUDHRY PERVEZ ELAHI INSTITUTE OF CARDIOLOGY MULTAN
Authors: Javed Kashif , Ali Nauman , Shervani Mubasher Ali Khan , Abbas Tariq , Farid Ikram , Zab Jehan 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of outcomes of left main stem percutaneous coronary intervention.
Methodology: After approval from the local ethical committee a descriptive study was conducted in Ch Parvez Elahi Institute of Cardiology Multan from January 2015 to June 2019. This study included 34 patients with unprotected left main stem (LMS) requiring percutaneous coronary intervention as decided in heart team meeting. Follow up data was taken during hospital stay and at 3 months after the index procedure for major adverse cardiac events MACE that were defined as death, myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization and stent thrombosis.
Results: Mean age of the patient was 56.8 ±6.6. Males were 30 (88.2%) and females 4 (11.8%). Death was observed in 3 (8.8%), MI in 2 (5.88%), stent thrombosis 2 (5.88%) and repeat revascularization in 1 (2.98%). Composite of all was seen 8 (23.5%)
Conclusion: Left main stem PCI is associated with favorable clinical outcomes in patients having less complex disease and high surgical risk. The local experience is encouraging and at par with existing data.