bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The application of PAX1 methylation detection and HPV E6/E7 mRNA detection in cervical cancer screening
Authors: Li Bijun , Guo Ruixia , Lai Tianjiao , Qiao Long , Fu Hanlin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimWe aimed to explore the application of PAX1 methylation and human papillomavirus (HPV) E6/E7 mRNA detection in cervical cancer screening and to compare the efficacy with high‐risk (HR)‐HPV detection.Patients and methodsThe cervical exfoliative cytology samples of 337 patients were collected, including 70 cases of cervical inflammation, 72 cases of low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, 97 cases of high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and 98 cases of cervical carcinoma. The PAX1 gene methylation (PAX1) status was detected by multiple quantitative PCR, HPV E6/E7 mRNA (E6/E7) was detected by QuantiVirus detection, and HR‐HPV (HPV) was detected by the Cobas 4800 detection system. The sensitivities, specificities, and accuracies were validated in the testing set.ResultsThe sensitivities of the HPV, HPV E6/E7, and PAX1 testing were 89.23%, 84.10%, and 86.67%, respectively, which all maintained a high level. In contrast, the specificities of the HPV, E6/E7, and PAX1 testing were only 19.10%, 37.32%, and 97.18% (in pairwise comparisons, p = 0.000). The AUC of PAX1 (0.919) was significantly larger than that of HPV (0.541) and E6/E7 detection (0.607) (p < 0.0001). In addition, the AUC areas of all combined parallel testing were lower than that of single PAX1 test (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe diagnostic efficacy of E6/E7 detection and PAX1 detection was better than that of HPV detection, especially for PAX1 detection.
Behind the Ballot: Democracy, Chicanery, and Electoral Technique in Modern India
Authors: Collins Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPolitical commentaries on elections highlight the act and outcome of suffrage. Votes are tallied and trends analyzed as pundits distill election results, post facto, into predictable storylines said to reveal the so‐called pulse of the nation, littered with clichés about popular mandates and the people's verdict. Such accounts interpret elections as a straightforward index of a “popular will” without attention to their differentiated experience and how historically disenfranchised groups navigate their complex institutional landscape. Elections are not extraordinary events that transcend the inequalities of everyday life but a time when hierarchies are asserted, contested, and fortified. This occurs through the ballot as well as through the architecture of the institution and tactical use of its routine procedures. The Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi (VCK; Liberation Panthers Party), a prominent Dalit‐led (ex‐untouchable) party in India, is a case in point. Combining ethnography from inside a political campaign and interviews with VCK candidates, party leaders, and grassroots activists, this article employs election symbols as a diagnostic to study the architecture of the electoral institution, exploring how its tools and techniques—which are neither neutral nor freely available to all—consolidate structural advantages that privilege well‐resourced players while hindering those historically excluded from political power. [democracy, elections, inequality, India, caste, Dalits]
Genome editing on finfish: Current status and implications for sustainability
Authors: Blix Torill Bakkelund , Dalmo Roy Ambli , Wargelius Anna , Myhr Anne Ingeborg 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNovel genome editing techniques allow for efficient and targeted improvement of aquaculture stock and might be a solution to solve challenges related to disease and environmental impacts. This review has retrieved the latest research on genome editing on aquacultured finfish species, exploring the technological progress and the scope. Genome editing has most often been used on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus), followed by Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus). More than half of the studies have focused on developing solutions for aquaculture challenges, while the rest can be characterized as basic research on fish genetics/physiology or technology development. Main traits researched are reproduction and development, growth, pigmentation, disease resistance, use of trans‐GFP and study of the omega‐3 metabolism, respectively. There is a certain correlation between the species identified and their commercial relevance, indicating the relevance of most studies for present challenges of aquaculture. Reviewing geographical origin of the research, China has been in the forefront (29 publications), followed by the United States (9) and Norway (7). The research seems not to be dependent on regulative conditions in the respective countries, but merely on the purpose and objectives for the use of genome editing technologies. Some technical barriers identified in the studies are presented together with solutions to overcome these‐off‐target effects, ancestral genome duplication and mosaicism in F0. One of the objectives for use is the contribution to a more sustainable aquaculture, where the most prominent issues are solutions that contribute to minimizing impact on biodiversity.
Affective decision‐making in children prenatally exposed to opioids
Authors: Carolien Konijnenberg , Annika Melinder 
Published: May 2021

Although opioid maintenance therapy (OMT) is currently recommended for pregnant opioid‐dependent women, potential effects on children’s long‐term development are still largely unknown. The current study assessed the long‐term cognitive development of children born to women in OMT. Particularly, children’s decision‐making performance was assessed with a child‐friendly version of the Iowa Gambling Task.Using a prospective longitudinal design, a cohort of children was followed from birth to middle childhood. Data were collected in Norway between 2005 and 2017. Participants included 41 children (aged 9–11 years), 20 of whom had histories of prenatal methadone or buprenorphine exposure. Background data were collected from personal interviews and medical records in 2005–2006. Children’s affective decision‐making was assessed in 2016–2017. Results showed no main effect of group on the net scores in the gambling task, F(1, 39) = 1.44, p = 0.24, η2 = 0.04, demonstrating no group differences in decision‐making performance. A main effect of group was found on sensitivity to punishment, with children in the control group choosing the doors with the infrequent, but high punishment more often compared to children in the OMT group, F(1, 39) = 4.90, p = 0.03, η2 = 0.11. No main effect of group on decision‐making speed was found, although results showed a significant interaction effect between group and gain, F(1, 8,194) = 4.09, p = 0.04, η2 = 0.001. Children prenatally exposed to opioids were found to have normal decision‐making performance on an affective decision‐making task and were able to consider future consequences when making decisions.
Autophagy‐related genes serve as heat shock protein 90 co‐chaperones in disease resistance against cassava bacterial blight
Authors: Wei Yunxie , Zeng Hongqiu , Liu Wen , Cheng Xiao , Zhu Binbin , Guo Jingru , Shi Haitao 
Published: May 2021

SUMMARYHeat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is involved in plant growth and various stress responses via regulating protein homeostasis. Autophagy keeps cellular homeostasis by recycling the components of cellular cytoplasmic constituents. Although they have similar effects on cellular protein homeostasis, the direct association between HSP90 and autophagy signaling remains unclear in plants, especially in tropical crops. In this study, the correlation between HSP90 and autophagy signaling was systematically analyzed by protein–protein interaction in cassava, one of the most important economy fruit in tropic. In addition, their effects on plant disease response and underlying mechanisms in cassava were investigated by functional genomics and genetic phenotype assay. The potential MeHSP90.9‐MeSGT1‐MeRAR1 chaperone complex interacts with MeATGs and subsequently triggers autophagy signaling, conferring improved disease resistance to cassava bacterial blight (CBB). On the contrary, HSP90 inhibitor and autophagy inhibitor decreased disease resistance against CBB in cassava, and autophagy may be involved in the potential MeHSP90.9‐MeSGT1‐MeRAR1 chaperone complex‐mediated multiple immune responses. This study highlights the precise modulation of autophagy signaling by potential MeHSP90.9‐MeSGT1‐MeRAR1 chaperone complex in autophagy‐mediated disease resistance to CBB.
Evidence suggesting that deletion of expression of N‐glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) in the organ‐source pig is associated with increased antibody‐mediated rejection of kidney transplants in baboons
Authors: Iwase Hayato , Jagdale Abhijit , Yamamoto Takayuki , Bikhet Mohamed H. , Nguyen Huy Q. , Ezzelarab Mohamed , Ayares David , Anderson Douglas J. , Eckhoff Devin E. , Foote Jeremy B. , Fatima Huma , Schuurman Hendrik Jan , Hara Hidetaka , Cooper David K. C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPigs deficient in three glycosyltransferase enzymes (triple‐knockout [TKO] pigs) and expressing “protective” human transgenes are likely sources of organs for transplantation into human recipients. Testing of human sera against red blood cells (RBCs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from TKO pigs has revealed minimal evidence of natural antibody binding. However, unlike humans, baboons exhibit natural antibody binding to TKO pig cells. The xenoantigen specificities of these natural antibodies are postulated to be one or more carbohydrate moieties exposed when N‐glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) is deleted. The aim of this study was to compare the survival of renal grafts in baboons from pigs that either expressed Neu5Gc (GTKO pigs;Group1, n = 5) or didnotexpress Neu5Gc (GTKO/CMAHKO [DKO] or TKO pigs;Group2, n = 5). An anti‐CD40mAb‐based immunosuppressive regimen was administered in both groups.Group1kidneys functioned for 90‐260 days (median 237, mean 196 days), with histopathological features of antibody‐mediated rejection in two kidneys.Group2kidneys functioned for 0‐183 days (median 35, mean 57), with all of the grafts exhibiting histologic features of antibody‐mediated rejection. These findings suggest that the absence of expression of Neu5Gc on pig kidneys impacts graft survival in baboon recipients.
Single muscle fibre contractile characteristics with lifelong endurance exercise
Authors: Grosicki Gregory J. , Gries Kevin J. , Minchev Kiril , Raue Ulrika , Chambers Toby L. , Begue Gwénaëlle , Finch Holmes , Graham Bruce , Trappe Todd A. , Trappe Scott 
Published: May 2021

Key points
A hallmark trait of ageing skeletal muscle health is a reduction in size and function, which is most pronounced in the fast muscle fibres.
We studied older men (74 ± 4 years) with a history of lifelong (>50 years) endurance exercise to examine potential benefits for slow and fast muscle fibre size and contractile function.
Lifelong endurance exercisers had slow muscle fibres that were larger, stronger, faster and more powerful than young exercisers (25 ± 1 years) and age‐matched non‐exercisers (75 ± 2 years).
Limited benefits with lifelong endurance exercise were noted in the fast muscle fibres.
These findings suggest that additional exercise modalities (e.g. resistance exercise) or other therapeutic interventions are needed to target fast muscle fibres with age.
AbstractWe investigated single muscle fibre size and contractile function among three groups of men: lifelong exercisers (LLE) (n = 21, 74 ± 4 years), old healthy non‐exercisers (OH) (n = 10, 75 ± 2 years) and young exercisers (YE) (n = 10, 25 ± 1 years). On average, LLE had exercised ∼5 days week–1 for ∼7 h week–1 over the past 53 ± 6 years. LLE were subdivided based on lifelong exercise intensity into performance (LLE‐P) (n = 14) and fitness (LLE‐F) (n = 7). Muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis) were examined for myosin heavy chain (MHC) slow (MHC I) and fast (MHC IIa) fibre size and function (strength, speed, power). LLE MHC I size (7624 ± 2765 μm2) was 25–40% larger (P < 0.001) than YE (6106 ± 1710 μm2) and OH (5476 ± 2467 μm2). LLE MHC I fibres were ∼20% stronger, ∼10% faster and ∼30% more powerful than YE and OH (P < 0.05). By contrast, LLE MHC IIa size (6466 ± 2659 μm2) was similar to OH (6237 ± 2525 μm2; P = 0.854), with both groups ∼20% smaller (P < 0.001) than YE (7860 ± 1930 μm2). MHC IIa contractile function was variable across groups, with a hierarchical pattern (OH > LLE > YE; P < 0.05) in normalized power among OH (16.7 ± 6.4 W L–1), LLE (13.9 ± 4.5 W L–1) and YE (12.4 ± 3.5 W L–1). The LLE‐P and LLE‐F had similar single fibre profiles with MHC I power driven by speed (LLE‐P) or force (LLE‐F), suggesting exercise intensity impacted slow muscle fibre mechanics. These data suggest that lifelong endurance exercise benefited slow muscle fibre size and function. Comparable fast fibre characteristics between LLE and OH, regardless of training intensity, suggest other exercise modes (e.g. resistance training) or myotherapeutics may be necessary to preserve fast muscle fibre size and performance with age.
Semi-Analytical Solution of a Nonlinear Heat Transfer Model for a Tubular Cocurrent Moving-Bed Reactor With a First-Order Chemical Reaction in the Solid Phase
Authors: Medeiros Lucas I. de S. V. , Bertoli Sávio L. , Gonçalves Marcel J. , Hoffmann Tuany G. , Angioletti Betina L. , Meier Henry F. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The development of mathematical models plays a fundamental role in the design, optimization, and control of processes. Regarding heat transfer in moving bed reactors, the chemical reaction implies the inclusion of a nonhomogeneous and nonlinear term in model equations, making the analytical integration a very difficult task. Up to date, there is not an analytic and/or a semi-analytic solution to a heat transfer model of a moving bed reactor (MBR) with isothermal walls to the distributed parameters in the solid phase. Therefore, starting from analytical solutions of the associated homogeneous (linear) problems and through the spectral expansion of the nonhomogeneous vector, this work presents strategies for determining semi-analytical solutions of nonhomogeneous and nonlinear problems. An MBR with a first-order chemical reaction in the solid phase—kaolinite dehydroxylation in the kaolinite flash calcination process—is selected as the case study; however, the strategies can easily be applied to other nonlinear models. Results for conversion, and fluid and particle temperatures, are given for different parameter values. The solutions perform stable, fast, and accurate. When compared with a hybrid finite difference and finite analytic (FD&FA) numerical method, the solution showed a very good agreement.
Unexpected Scaling of Peak Acceleration for a Yielding Mass-Spring System Subjected to a Triangular Base Acceleration Pulse
Authors: Guthrie Michael A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The use of bounding scenarios is a common practice that greatly simplifies the design and qualification of structures. However, this approach implicitly assumes that the quantities of interest increase monotonically with the input to the structure, which is not necessarily true for nonlinear structures. This paper surveys the literature for observations of nonmonotonic behavior of nonlinear systems and finds such observations in both the earthquake engineering and applied mechanics literature. Numerical simulations of a single degree-of-freedom mass-spring system with an elastic–plastic spring subjected to a triangular base acceleration pulse are then presented, and it is shown that the relative acceleration of this system scales nonmonotonically with the input magnitude in some cases. The equation of motion for this system is solved symbolically and an approximate expression for the relative acceleration is developed, which qualitatively agrees with the nonmonotonic behavior seen in the numerical results. The nonmonotonicity is investigated and found to be a result of dynamics excited by the discontinuous derivative of the base acceleration pulse, the magnitude of which scales nonmonotonically with the input magnitude due to the fact that the first yield of the spring occurs earlier as the input magnitude is increased. The relevance of this finding within the context of defining bounding scenarios is discussed, and it is recommended that modeling be used to perform a survey of the full range of possible inputs prior to defining bounding scenarios.
AB0767 SEVERE BREAST ULCERATION IN BEHÇET’S DISEASE TREATED WITH CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Ball E. , Okane D. , Mccourt C. , Mccarron M. , Riddell C. 
Published: May 2021

Background:Behcet’s disease is a systemic autoimmune vasculitis that typically involves mucocutaneous surfaces, the eyes and the skin with varying manifestations. Skin ulceration often secondary to pathergy is a common feature.Objectives:To raise awareness of breast ulceration as a clinical manifestation in Behcet’s disease.Methods:We report a case of complex Bechet’s disease associated with severe refractory breast ulceration successfully treated with cyclophosphamide.Results:A 27 year old female patient presented to the rheumatology department with a non-healing lesion on her face secondary to a cat scratch. She reported previous episodes of ulceration usually as a result of minor trauma such as IV cannulation, as well as a two year history of severe oral and genital ulceration. She had also been diagnosed with ‘colitis’ requiring iliocaecal resection two years prior to presentation. Previous treatments for her bowel included azathioprine, infliximab, adalimumab and vedolizumab. Over the next three years she developed recurrent eye involvement in the form of scleritis with ongoing oral and genital ulceration. Further treatment under our care included ustekinumab, entanercept, benepali, certolizumab and tacrolimus with background prednisolone. She then developed a small area of broken skin on her left breast which continued to extend and ulcerate despite treatment with IV steroids. Tissue biopsy showed deep focal vasculitis with intravascular thrombi. Anticoagulation was commenced and she was treated with tocilizumab IV for 3 months with no clinical improvement. Involvement extended to include 80 percent of the breast surface and the nipple self-amputated. Due to the severity and extent of the ulceration which was extremely painful and distressing, she was given 3 months of IV cyclophosphamide at a dose of 15mg/kg every 2-3 weeks. The ulceration showed rapid clinical improvement (see Figure 1).Figure 1.Breast ulceration before and after 3 months of cyclophosphamide treatmentConclusion:Involvement of the breast in systemic vasculitides (such as GPA or PAN) has been reported, although usually manifesting as a palpable mass with diagnosis on biopsy 1. Similar presentations in Behcet’s disease have been recognised 2, although much less commonly. Our case demonstrates that severe breast ulceration can be a clinical manifestation of this condition and can be refractory to usual therapies.References:[1]Ren J, Liu J, Su J, Zhang J, Zhao J. Systemic vasculitis involving the breast: a case report and literature review. Rheumatol Int. 2019 Aug;39(8):1447-1455[2]Soleto MJ, Marcos L. Behçet’s disease involving the breast. Eur Radiol. 2002 Dec;12 Suppl 3:S98-S100. doi: 10.1007/s00330-002-1420-4.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
AB0868-HPR ADHERENCE TO DISEASE-MODIFYING ANTIRHEUMATIC DRUGS IN RHEUMATIC DISEASES DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Moreno-Arquieta I. A. , Sánchez Mendieta G. G. , Flores Alvarado D. E. , Esquivel Valerio J. A. , Galarza-Delgado D. Á. 
Published: May 2021

Background:The pandemic COVID-19 has set a new challenge in adherence to treatment in patients with rheumatic diseases. Prior studies in Latin America had reported adherence of 16.4% on Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and 45.9% in Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE). There is evidence that these patients believe their treatment increases the risk and gravity of COVID-19 and therefore, suspending the treatment could reduce this risk. It has been shown that a “Good adherence” is associated to a better survival.Objectives:Describe the adherence to DMARDs in patients with Rheumatic diseases during COVID-19.Methods:Descriptive, cross-sectional, self-report study conducted in rheumatology outpatient clinic of University Hospital in Monterrey, México. Consecutive patients with RA, SLE, Inflammatory Myopathies and Systemic Sclerosis, were approached during their routine appointments, March 2020 to December 2020 period during COVID-19 pandemic. They were asked how many days of the month they took the DMARD indicated in the previous appointment, with Based on this, adherence was classified into four categories: Good 100-75% (> 21 days), Regular 74-50% (21-15 days), Bad 49-25% (14-8 days) and Null <25% (<7 days). Data was obtained from our internal electronic patient record registry and analyzed with SPSS V.22.Results:n (DMARDs)GoodRegularBadNulln (%)n (%)n (%)n (%)Rheumatoid Arthritis302255 (84.4)13 (4.3)20 (6.6)14 (4.6)Systemic Lupus Erithematous126111 (88)3 (2.3)8 (6.3)4 (3.1)Inflammatory Myopathies1110 (90.9)0 (0)1 (9)0 (0)Systemic Sclerosis3027 (90)2 (6.6)1 (3.3)0 (0)TOTAL469Conclusion:Despite what it is believed, patients are not changing therapeutic regimes. The adherence found in this group of patients was good, for the definition used in this study. It should be considered that the self-report method may overestimate adherence, so the data found must be correlated with objective methods in the future.References:[1]Resende Prudente L, Souza Diniz J, Matteucci Ferreira TXA, Marçal Lima D, Antônio Silva N, Saraiva G, et al. Medication adherence in patients in treatment for rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus in a university hospital in Brazil. Patient Preference and Adherence. 2016:10 863–870.[2]Michaud K, Wipfler K, Shaw Y, et al. Experiences of patients with rheumatic diseases in the United States during early days of the COVID-19 pandemic. ACR Open Rheumatol 2020. doi:10.1002/acr2.11148.[3]Waimann ChA, Marengo MF, de Achaval S, Cox VL, Garcia-Gonzalez A, Reveille JD. Electronic Monitoring of Oral Therapies in Ethnically Diverse and Economically Disadvantaged Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis & Rheumatism. 2013:6 1421-1429.Disclosure of Interests:None declared