bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BCG invokes superior STING‐mediated innate immune response over radiotherapy in a carcinogen murine model of urothelial cancer
Authors: Lombardo Kara A , Obradovic Aleksandar , Singh Alok Kumar , Liu James L , Joice Gregory , Kates Max , Bishai William , McConkey David , Chaux Alcides , Eich Marie‐Lisa , Rezaei M Katayoon , Netto George J , Drake Charles G , Tran Phuoc , Matoso Andres , Bivalacqua Trinity J 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRadiation and bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) instillations are used clinically for treatment of urothelial carcinoma, but the precise mechanisms by which they activate an immune response remain elusive. The role of the cGAS–STING pathway has been implicated in both BCG and radiation‐induced immune response; however, comparison of STING pathway molecules and the immune landscape following treatment in urothelial carcinoma has not been performed. We therefore comprehensively analyzed the local immune response in the bladder tumor microenvironment following radiotherapy and BCG instillations in a well‐established spontaneous murine model of urothelial carcinoma to provide insight into activation of STING‐mediated immune response. Mice were exposed to the oral carcinogen, BBN, for 12 weeks prior to treatment with a single 15 Gy dose of radiation or three intravesical instillations of BCG (1 × 108 CFU). At sacrifice, tumors were staged by a urologic pathologist and effects of therapy on the immune microenvironment were measured using the NanoString Myeloid Innate Immunity Panel and immunohistochemistry. Clinical relevance was established by measuring immune biomarker expression of cGAS and STING on a human tissue microarray consisting of BCG‐treated non‐muscle‐invasive urothelial carcinomas. BCG instillations in the murine model elevated STING and downstream STING‐induced interferon and pro‐inflammatory molecules, intratumoral M1 macrophage and T‐cell accumulation, and complete tumor eradication. In contrast, radiotherapy caused no changes in STING pathway or innate immune gene expression; rather, it induced M2 macrophage accumulation and elevated FoxP3 expression characteristic of immunosuppression. In human non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer, STING protein expression was elevated at baseline in patients who responded to BCG therapy and increased further after BCG therapy. Overall, these results show that STING pathway activation plays a key role in effective BCG‐induced immune response and strongly indicate that the effects of BCG on the bladder cancer immune microenvironment are more beneficial than those induced by radiation. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Scaling additive manufacturing for mass customization
Authors: Eckhoff Ashley 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOne of the major reasons cited for adopting additive manufacturing (AM) is customization. But customizing products based on AM demands a new business model, with its unique challenges for development and delivery of metal AM products. Products are far less likely to be manufactured in bulk before an order from a customer arrives. Instead, they are manufactured using AM after an order is received, and depending on the production strategy, this can dramatically extend lead times for deliveries. As more products are added to the manufacturing mix, it exacerbates the challenges in the manufacturing process. Ensuring the right product gets to the right customer requires that each order be carefully tracked throughout the manufacturing process.
Industrialization of quantum communication technologies
Authors: Amairi‐Pyka Sana 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe growing number of cyber‐attacks together with the complexities of cyber risk management are driving the development of quantum‐based data security solutions. In this article, we look at the applications, challenges, and future business opportunities in the field of quantum key distribution, which is emerging as a promising solution to ensure highly secure data transfer, particularly in the telecom and finance sectors.
Governance and stewardship for research data and information sharing: Issues and prospective solutions in the transdisciplinary plant phenotyping and imaging research center network
Authors: Awada Lana , Phillips Peter W. B. , Bogdan Ana Maria 
Published: November 2021

Societal Impact StatementHigh‐throughput plant phenotyping is a transdisciplinary field of research that provides a systematic approach to assessing and understanding the life cycle of plants and aims to integrate plant genotype with plant ecophysiology and agronomy. Sharing data and information (D&I) is key to accelerating new scientific breakthroughs and innovations in plant phenotyping. The development of a governance and stewardship framework can overcome institutional, legal, and technical barriers that limit D&I sharing. This framework governs how decisions are made about D&I, how researchers engage with each other to manage D&I, and improves the content, discoverability, accessibility, and usability of D&I from different sources.Summary

Despite the widely acknowledged value to be added by sharing research data and information (D&I), significant institutional, legal, and technical barriers remain to be addressed, particularly in managing transdisciplinary research. The Plant Phenotyping and Imaging Research Centre (P2IRC) offers an illuminating case study in how various researchers are exchanging their D&I to accommodate the requirements of transdisciplinary research.
Using social network analysis to explore the current state of D&I sharing in P2IRC, we found that D&I sharing was modest, with most exchanges taking place between academic researchers and predominantly within the same discipline. Lacking benefits arising from broader dissemination, scholars are not optimally sharing their D&I. Many researchers identified a range of barriers that limited sharing. These barriers are mainly rooted in the absence of D&I governance and stewardship.
To overcome barriers, we offer recommendations and solutions for developing a governance and stewardship framework that is tailored to the P2IRC project, but relevant to the wider research world. This includes how to assist adoption of a governance model, accountability and oversight mechanisms, and an operational framework for effective data collection, analysis, possession, and dissemination.
We provide recommendations that enable data stewards to preserve and improve the content, discoverability accessibility, and usability of data and metadata by making data interoperable from semantic, syntactic/technical, and legal perspectives. A governance framework would help open all aspects of research outputs, while achieving the access and benefit‐sharing (ABS) goal and contributing to the preservation and sustainable use of D&I.
Controlling molecular orientation by laser pulses with two different envelope shapes
Authors: Guo Meiqi , Zhou Min , Chai Shuo , Yu Jie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe use density matrix theory to numerically simulate the orientation of LiH molecules induced by laser pulses with two different envelope shapes. The results show that the envelope shape of the terahertz single‐cycle laser pulse (SCP) has  significant effects on molecular orientation degree and duration. When a SCP with adjusted laser field amplitude and carrier envelope phase is used to steer the molecular orientation, a larger orientation degree can be obtained by the Gaussian‐shaped SCP, while a longer orientation duration can be realized by the sin2‐shaped SCP. When combined with the two‐color femtosecond laser pulse, the sin2‐shaped SCP is better than Gaussian‐shaped SCP, either in improving orientation degree and duration or in stability and controllability shown with increasing temperature. The optimal molecular orientation can be realized under the combination of the two‐color femtosecond laser pulse and sin2‐shaped SCP which has the appropriate delay time: the maximal orientation degree reaches 0.801 at 0 K and 0.450 at 20 K, the maximal orientation duration is 31.3% of the rotational period at 0 K.
Achievement and challenges of the Cuban Science, Technology, and Innovation System: A perspective on computational science
Authors: Gulín‐González Jorge 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn appropriate arranging of science, technology, and innovation systems (STIS) becomes essential for emerging countries. A good management of the system allows a more efficient use of the natural and human resources and a better answer to global challenges. Data about the Cuban Science, Technology, and Innovation System (CSTIS) and its characteristics are rare in the literature. This Perspective introduces a general landscape about the growth of the CSTIS focused on the development of computational sciences and its relation to the biotechnological and pharma technologies. General features, main results, and challenges of the CSTIS system are presented here. On the other hand, growth of computational sciences is crucial because they allow to save material and human resources, energy and time, and their progress become critical as a support of the applied research, mostly in the field of the biotechnology and pharma industry. In this paper, the most relevant Cuban groups that perform research in computational chemistry, computational physics and bioinformatics are reported. According to my opinion, the training of new professionals in transdisciplinary fields (like bioinformatics), new technological infrastructure available and the accumulated experience of the computational research groups is a good platform to think about a promising future of these sciences and their contribution to the Cuban economy and society. Cuba's experiences in the management of the STIS may be very useful for emerging countries, especially those with low financial resources.
Impact of polyvinylpyrrolidone and quantity of silver nitrate on silver nanoparticles sizing via solvothermal method for dye‐sensitized solar cells
Authors: Shamsudin N.H. , Shafie Suhaidi , Ab Kadir Mohd Zainal Abidin , Ahmad Fauzan , Sadrolhosseini Amir Reza , Sulaiman Yusran , Abdullah Abdul Halim , Mohd Chachuli Siti Amaniah 
Published: November 2021

The multiple sizing of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized from the miscible compound of ethylene glycol (EG), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) via the solvothermal method. During the synthesis, the PVP‐AgNO3 was contemplated as a paramount parameter. Using the simple method of solvothermal, the sizing of AgNPs was easily controlled in accord with the augmentation of PVP‐AgNO3 at secured and moderate temperature. In regards to the sizing of AgNPs, the presence of minimum agglomeration, the absorption capability and chemical structures were highlighted through a series of verification includes ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The effectiveness of the synthesized AgNPs was further investigated and compared with the commercial AgNPs by incorporating the AgNPs into titanium dioxide (TiO2) semiconductor film‐based dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Results signified that the spherical AgNPs with produced sizing within the range of 19.6 to 45.2 nm were greatly impacting by tunable quantities of PVP‐AgNO3, which was validated in the forms of linear equations. A larger size promotes a slower nucleation rate that conduces agglomeration. In opposition to this, the smallest size of AgNPs develops a faster formation rate of Ag ions into AgNPs, inducing the deterrent of agglomeration in light of notable particle dispersion. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) contributed by the incorporation of synthesized AgNPs into TiO2 is also 41.2% higher than that of the commercial AgNPs‐TiO2. This is because the synthesized AgNPs provides less agglomeration which led to a better surface plasmonic effect towards the nanoparticles.
Effective Removal of Methylene Blue From Aqueous Solution Using Metal‐Organic Framework; Modelling Analysis, Statistical Physics Treatment and DFT Calculations
Authors: Al‐Wasidi Asma S. , AlZahrani Ibtisam I. S. , Naglah Ahmed M. , El‐Desouky Mohamed G. , Khalil Muhammad A. , El‐Bindary Ashraf A. , El‐Bindary Mohamed A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMethylene blue adsorption on zeolitic imidazolate‐8 metal‐organic framework (ZIF‐8) according to basic phenomena Different Multiphysics modeling methodologies were combined to reveal understand the adsorption processes. Rather than their functional groupings, sorbents′ porosity is important, affects methylene blue adsorption, according to a statistical physics method. Quantum chemistry calculations imply the ZIF‐8 has dispersive interactions and pore properties. The examined reactive sites reveal that the for both electrophilic and nucleophilic assaults, ZIF‐8 has the same favored sites., that explains this adsorbent‘s highest performance. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations reveal Methylene blue adsorption on ZIF‐8 in the most stable energy configuration. Using XRD, IR, SEM, EDX, and nitrogen adsorption‐desorption, the prepared ZIF‐8 was characterized. The effectiveness of ZIF‐8 as an adsorbent which studied by researching MB removal from aqueous solutions as organic pollutants. The isothermal adsorption method suits the Langmuir model, and qmax=522.95 mg/g was the maximum adsorption power. The adsorption kinetics knowledge matched the pseudo‐second‐order model well. Accordingly, it is possible to use ZIF‐8 with high performance and superior stability to remediate wastewater from organic contaminants.
Electronic Structure Regulation of Single‐Atom Catalysts for Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction to H2O2
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Gong Zhichao , Yan Minmin , He Guanchao , Gong Haisheng , Ye Gonglan , Fei Huilong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractElectrochemical synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via the 2‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has emerged as a promising alternative to the energy‐intensive anthraquinone process and catalysts combining high selectivity with superior activity are crucial for enhancing the efficiency of H2O2 electrosynthesis. In recent years, single‐atom catalysts (SACs) with the merits of maximum atom utilization efficiency, tunable electronic structure, and high mass activity have attracted extensive attention for the selective reduction of O2 to H2O2. Although considerable improvements are made in the performance of SACs toward the 2‐electron ORR process, the principles for modulating the catalytic properties of SACs by adjusting the electronic structure remain elusive. In this review, the regulation strategies for optimizing the 2‐electron ORR activity and selectivity of SACs by different methods of electronic structure tuning, including the altering of the central metal atoms, the modulation of the coordinated atoms, the substrate effect, and alloy engineering are summarized. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of advanced SACs for H2O2 electrosynthesis via the 2‐electron ORR process are proposed.
Defining with Purpose: Connecting Lexicogrammatical Features to Textual Purpose in Authentic Undergraduate Texts
Authors: Walsh Marr Jennifer , Lynch Sarah , Tervit Tanya 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper showcases the development of linguistically ‐responsive pedagogy in a first ‐year writing course to facilitate students’ recognition of the connection between discrete language features and purpose of definitions. Paraphrasing definitions was chosen as the first textual focus in response to disciplinary instructors’ anecdotes of students talking ‘around’ key terms rather than being precise, and in response to their role in establishing terms within larger texts. Acknowledging the benefit of seeing language as a system, we draw on the research and (simplified) metalanguage of Systemic Functional Linguistics (Derewianka, 2011; Halliday & Matthiessen, 2004; Martin & Rose, 2005). We introduce the foundational relationship between purpose and features, then use the teaching and learning cycle (Rothery, 1994) to scaffold students’ writing development through deconstruction and joint construction. Although definitions are quite specific, the process of determining their purpose, features and usage serves as a foundation for multilingual students’ knowledge and skills, enabling them to respond to the varied linguistic demands of discipline‐specific post‐secondary writing.
Applicability of soil moisture sensors for monitoring water dynamics in rock: A field test in weathered limestone
Authors: Leite Pedro A. M. , Wilcox Bradford P. , McInnes Kevin J. , Walker John W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRock moisture in the vadose zone, while recognized as important, is rarely monitored—in part because adequate instrumentation and installation techniques are lacking. The objectives of this work were (a) to test the applicability of a commercially available capacitance soil moisture sensor (EC‐5, METER Group) for continuously monitoring the water content of weathered limestone; and (b) to contrast the water dynamics of rock matrix with that of rock fractures. At a site in the Edwards Plateau, Texas, we developed a protocol for installing sensors in limestone pits and tested its effectiveness in reducing erroneous readings caused by installation‐induced preferential flow along pit walls. Our results show that rock moisture can be accurately measured with EC‐5 sensors, provided some steps are taken to ensure the quality of the installation. These include protecting the sensors by installing them in horizontal shafts rather than on the exposed pit wall, and use of a sealant. Data gathered over 7 mo after installation showed that rock moisture increased significantly only after a 95‐mm rainfall event. Because of preferential flow, fractures reached peak water content within 2–3 h after peak rainfall—a response that was one to two orders of magnitude faster than in rock matrix. Limestone stored 40–70% of the water after the 95‐mm event, and its water content decreased significantly during summer months. Overall, our results attest to the importance of continuously measuring rock moisture in regions with shallow soils, where it serves as a critical reservoir for vegetation.
Evaluation of Reflective Measurement Models
Authors: Hair Joseph F. , Hult G. Tomas M. , Ringle Christian M. , Sarstedt Marko , Danks Nicholas P. , Ray Soumya 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe goal of reflective measurement model assessment is to ensure the reliability and validity of the construct measures and therefore provides support for the suitability of their inclusion in the path model. This chapter introduces the key criteria that are relevant in reflective measurement model assessment: indicator reliability, internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s alpha, reliability coefficient rhoA, and composite reliability rhoC), convergent validity, and discriminant validity. We illustrate their use by means of the SEMinR package and a well-known model on corporate reputation.
Introduction
Authors: Ortiz Isabel , Burke Sara , Berrada Mohamed , Saenz Cortés Hernán 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Introduction of “World Protests: A Study of Key Protest Issues in the 21st Century” provides the background and methodology of the study, including the countries covered. It also describes the structure of the volume chapter by chapter, from protestors’ demands and methods to achievements and repression, guiding the reader through the content of the book. An annex presents 250 methods of non-violent protest.
SARS-CoV-2-Seroprävalenz bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland – ein Überblick
Authors: Thamm Roma , Buttmann-Schweiger Nina , Fiebig Julia , Poethko-Müller Christina , Prütz Franziska , Sarganas Giselle , Neuhauser Hannelore 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
SARS-CoV-2-Antikörperstudien ergänzen und erweitern die Erkenntnisse aus der Meldestatistik laborbestätigter COVID-19-Fälle um Informationen zu unentdeckten Fällen.

Ziel der Arbeit
Der vorliegende Beitrag fasst bisherige Ergebnisse zur SARS-CoV-2-Prävalenz aus seroepidemiologischen Studien in Deutschland zusammen, die sich auf Kinder und Jugendliche konzentrieren, und ergänzt die bereits vorliegende Übersicht zur Seroprävalenz bei Erwachsenen und speziell bei Blutspendenden in Deutschland.

Material und Methoden
Die Ergebnisse der Übersichtsarbeit beruhen auf einer fortlaufenden systematischen Recherche in Studienregistern, Literaturdatenbanken, von Preprint-Veröffentlichungen und Medienberichten seroepidemiologischer Studien in Deutschland sowie deren Ergebnissen.

Ergebnisse
Mit Stand 17.09.2021 sind uns 16 deutsche seroepidemiologische Studien, die sich auf Kinder und Jugendliche konzentrieren, bekannt geworden. Für 9 dieser Studien liegen Ergebnisse vor. Für fast alle untersuchten Settings lag die SARS-CoV-2-Seroprävalenz für Kinder im Kita- und Grundschulalter in der ersten COVID-19-Welle deutlich unter 1 % und für Jugendliche unter 2 %. Im Verlauf der Pandemie wurden höhere Seroprävalenzen von bis zu 8 % für Kinder im Grundschulalter ermittelt.

Diskussion
Ergebnisse von SARS-CoV-2-Antikörperstudien bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland liegen bislang erst in geringem Umfang und basierend auf lokal-regionalen, nichtrepräsentativen Stichproben vor. In künftigen Studien gilt es, einerseits abzuschätzen, welcher Anteil der Kinder und Jugendlichen bereits eine Infektion hatte oder geimpft ist. Zum anderen gilt es, die Verbreitung körperlicher und psychischer Beeinträchtigungen im Nachgang einer Infektion zu untersuchen.
Infektionsgeschehen und Eindämmungsmaßnahmen in Kitas während der COVID-19-Pandemie – Erkenntnisse aus der Corona-KiTa-Studie
Authors: Loss Julika , Kuger Susanne , Buchholz Udo , Lehfeld Ann-Sophie , Varnaccia Gianni , Haas Walter , Jordan Susanne , Kalicki Bernhard , Schienkiewitz Anja , Rauschenbach Thomas 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Kindertageseinrichtungen (Kitas) spielen eine wichtige gesellschaftspolitische Rolle; gleichzeitig begünstigt der enge Kontakt der Kinder in Kitagruppen untereinander und mit Beschäftigten die Übertragung von Infektionen. In der COVID-19-Pandemie ergaben sich die Fragen, wie Infektionsgeschehen in Kitas verlaufen, welche Rolle Kitakinder in der Pandemie spielen und welche Schutz- und Hygienemaßnahmen in Kitas umgesetzt werden. Von 06/2020 bis 12/2021 wird die „Corona-KiTa-Studie“ durchgeführt, in der pädagogische und infektionsepidemiologische Themen gemeinsam bearbeitet werden.

Methoden
In der Studie werden Daten aus unterschiedlichen Quellen erhoben. Es werden amtliche Meldedaten sowie wöchentliche Angaben von Kitas im sog. KiTa-Register kontinuierlich ausgewertet. Zudem werden SARS-CoV-2-Ausbrüche in Kitas vor Ort durch wiederholte Probengewinnung und Befragungen untersucht.

Ergebnisse
Das SARS-CoV-2-Infektionsgeschehen in Kitas bzw. bei Kindern im Kitaalter war von 03/2020 bis 05/2021 sehr dynamisch. In der 2. und 3. Pandemiewelle stiegen SARS-CoV-2-Ausbrüche in Kitas deutlich an, begleitet von einer erheblichen Zunahme an Kita- und Gruppenschließungen. Zuletzt erhöhte sich der Anteil der betroffenen Kinder bei den Ausbrüchen kontinuierlich. Allerdings ergab die erste Untersuchung von SARS-CoV-2-Ausbrüchen (n = 28), dass bei kindlichen Indexfällen im Schnitt nur ein Bruchteil der Kitakontakte (6,8 %) angesteckt wurde. Die Übertragungshäufigkeiten unterschieden sich zwischen einzelnen Kitas deutlich.

Diskussion
Die Zusammenführung von regelmäßig erhobenen Melde- und Befragungsdaten sowie Ausbruchsuntersuchungen ermöglicht ein vielschichtiges Monitoring des Infektionsgeschehens in Kitas, dessen Ergebnisse in Empfehlungen für Public-Health-Maßnahmen einfließen können.