bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-Situ Coupling Applied Voltage and Synchrotron Radiation: Operando Characterization of Transistors
Authors: Davydok Anton , Luponosov Yuriy N. , Ponomarenko Sergey A. , Grigorian Souren 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A compact voltage application setup has been developed for in-situ electrical testing of organic field effect transistors in combination with X-ray scattering studies at a synchrotron beamlines. Challenges faced during real condition in-operando test of newly developed OFETs originated an idea of creation of a new setup which excludes number of factors that make experiments complicated. The application of the setup is demonstrated on a prototype of an organic transistors based on α,ω-dihexyl-α-quaterthiophene molecules. The new setup allows to monitor material structural changes by X-ray scattering under applied voltage conditions and their direct correlations. The versatile setup eliminates possible shadowing effects and short circuits due to misalignment of the contacts. The electrical stability of the prototypes was characterized by the application of different voltage values. Corresponding structural changes were monitored by grazing X-ray scattering technique before, during and after the voltage was applied. The selected oligothiophene material with proved transistor properties shows high stability and directional anisotropy under applied voltage conditions. Thanks to a compact and flexible design of the setup different type of small dimension devices could be studied under external voltage conditions at various synchrotron beamlines.
Identification of Prognostic Biomarkers of Potential Hub Genes in Urothelial Carcinoma and Function in Microenvironment
Authors: Chu Wei , Zhang Bing , Gong Haifeng , Zhao Qianqian , Chen Jun , Ji Hong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common histological type of urinary system. In the past decades, despite the advances in UC diagnosis and therapy, there are still challenges to improve the overall survival (OS) of UC patients. PD-L1 inhibitor and PD-1 inhibitor have been approved for treating invasive UC, however, only about 20% of patients with metastatic UC show clinical benefits from immune checkpoint inhibitors. Therefor, bioinformatics tools were utilized to screen prognostic-related biomarkers, and analyze their relationship with immunocyte in UC, hoping to provide new ideas for the clinical treatment of UC patients.Results: In total, 63 DEGs were identified from the GEO database of UC, of which 31 and 32 were up-and down-regulated. GO/KEGG pathway analysis identified DEGs were mainly enriched in the collagen catabolic process, extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, ECM structural constituent and ECM-receptor interaction. Nine hub genes (i.e. COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, COL5A2, MMP9, POSTN, SPP1, VCAN and THBS2) upregulated in invasive UC compared with superficial UC were identified. cBioportal database analysis showed that 35% of UC patients presented genetic variants in the hub genes, of which amplification and deletion mutations were the most common. ONCOMINE and UALCAN database analysis showed that the mRNA expression of all hub genes in invasive UC was significantly higher than that in superficial UC and normal tissues. HPA database analysis showed that there was up-regulation of COL3A1, SPP1, POSTN and VCAN protein in UC tissues than in normal tissues. GEPIA showed that COL1A2, COL3A1, THBS2, and VCAN were positively correlated with the OS rate among patients with UC (P < 0.05). UALCAN showed that UC patients with high expression of COL1A1, COL1A2, COL5A2 and POSTN had a poorer prognosis (P < 0.05). TRRUST database analysis indicated that there was a significant correlation between the expression of the hub genes and the infiltration of CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells, macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells. Conclusion: Hub genes played important roles in pathogenesis and treatment prognosis of UC and they can provides new biomolecular predictions for immunotherapy and prognosis judgment of UC.
Maximum incisal opening, caries experience and health-related quality of life in patients undergoing treatment for head and neck cancer – A longitudinal cohort study.
Authors: Dholam Kanchan P , Somani Priyanka , Dugad Jinesh , Kharade Pankaj , Rane Pallavi P , Agarwal Jai P , Singh Gurkaran Preet 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Prospective evaluation of the change in maximum incisal opening (MIO) in patients receiving treatment for head neck cancer (HNC), and its interaction with clinical parameters such as tumor site/ sub-site and type of treatment received. Secondary aim was to ascertain the longitudinal change in dental caries experience and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) during the study period.
Methods
Seventy treatment-naïve patients undergoing treatment for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of oral cavity and/or oropharynx were assessed at 3 designated time-points; pre-treatment (T0), immediate post-treatment (T1) and 6-months post-treatment (T2). The primary study variable was change in MIO (cm) across 3 time points (T0, T1, T2). Dental caries incidence was measured using decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) index and HRQoL was assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaires (EORTC QLQ-C30 and H&N-35). Change in DMFT and HRQoL was assessed between T0 and T2. Non-parametric repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyse the longitudinal change in MIO and DMFT scores and their interaction with clinical parameters respectively. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare corresponding HRQoL domains between T0 and T2. All statistical tests were 2-sided, and differences with a p-value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results
Sixty-seven eligible HNC patients showed a significant change in mouth-opening and dental caries experience from T0 to T2, irrespective of tumor site/ sub-site and type of treatment (p < 0.001). Site-wise, patients with oral cavity cancer and specifically maxillary tumors; treatment-wise those undergoing surgery and/or, multi-modal treatment showed persistently reduced mouth opening late post-treatment. There was a statistical increase in head-and-neck site specific HRQoL symptoms at T2. A high prevalence (69%) of post-treatment trismus was noted especially in patients undergoing multi-modality treatment (83%).
Conclusion
Patients undergoing treatment for HNC demonstrate a significant longitudinal change in mouth-opening and caries incidence. They may show partial recovery of MIO at 6-months after an initial decrease in the immediate post-treatment period.
Effects of Intermittent Bolus Paravertebral Block On Analgesia and Recovery in Open Hepatectomy: A Retrospective, Cohort Study.
Authors: Wang Jin , Cui Xulei , Zhang Yuelun , Zhang Zhiyong , Mao Yilei , Sang Xinting , Huang Yuguang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

Experiences of paravertebral block use in hepatectomy were limited. We aimed to investigate the effects of intermittent bolus paravertebral block on analgesia and recovery in hepatectomy.
Methods

We selected patients receiving two types of analgesia programs, with matched age, sex and body mass index from a prospective perioperative analgesia and nerve block database: (1) PVB: intermittent bolus paravertebral block (0.5% ropivacaine 25ml before surgery plus 0.125ml•kg− 1 0.2% ropivacaine bolus per hour after surgery) and self-controlled intravenous bolus morphine pump till postoperative 48 hours; (2) control: self-controlled intravenous bolus morphine pump till postoperative 48 hours. The baseline, operation, and postoperative analgsia and recovery data were compared between groups.
Results

Thirty-eight patients in each group were included in the analysis. Intraoperatively, PVB group used less sevoflurane (difference − 0.1 (-0.2, 0.0) %, P = 0.019), and more ephedrine (U = 986, P = 0.004) and crystalloid (U = 936, P = 0.024) than control group. The mean arterial pressure in PVB group was lower than that in control group (difference − 4mmHg, 95%CI -8 ~ 0mmHg, P = 0.031) but similar to its baseline level (difference 2, 95%CI -1 ~ 5, P = 0.153). Postoperatively, PVB group had lower cumulative morphine consumption at postoperative 2 (U = 371.5, P < 0.001), 4 (U = 349.5, P < 0.001), 12 (U = 342.0, P < 0.001), 24 (U = 338.5, P < 0.001) and 48 (U = 392.5, P = 0.001) hour, lower pain numerical rating scale score at rest at postoperative 0 (U = 299.5, P < 0.001), 2 (U = 355.5, P < 0.001) and 4 (U = 332.0, P < 0.001) hour, and on movement at postoperative 0 (U = 269.5, P < 0.001), 2 (U = 405.0, P = 0.001), 4 (U = 382.5, P < 0.001) and 12 (U = 1179.5, P = 0.003) hour than control group. PVB group also had lower rescue analgesia rates (OR 0.29, 95%CI 0.08 ~ 1.00, P = 0.044), higher emergence satisfaction (5 (4, 5) vs 4 (4, 5), P = 0.018) and lower drowsiness score (0 (0,1) vs 1(0,1), P = 0.007) than control group. Three months postoperatively, PVB group had lower rates of hypoesthesia (OR 0.28 (0.11, 0.75), P = 0.009), numbness (OR 0.26 (0.07, 0.88), P = 0.024) and sleep disorder (OR 0.84 (0.73, 0.97), P = 0.025) than control group.
Conclusions

Intermittent bolus paravertebral block provided anesthetics- and opioids-sparing effects, and enhanced recovery both in hospital and after discharge in patients receiving hepatectomy.
Entrainment of Chaotic Oscillations in a Colonial Tunicate.
Authors: Konrad Michael W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTunicates comprise an invertebrate, chordate subphylum which has been shown to be the closest group to vertebrates. Colonial tunicates are clusters of genetic clones generated asexually from a single free swimming larval “tadpole”. Each individual, or zooid, of the colony has a peristaltic heart which circulates blood through that individual. In addition, each zooid is connected to a common, external vascular network. This vascular network has radial extensions that end at the colony periphery in bulbs, or ampullae, which contract and expand to generate reciprocating flow between ampullae and zooids. Surgically detached ampullae continue to beat.ResultsQuantitative scans of videos of individual ampullae in a young Botrylloides viocella colony demonstrate ampullae contractions are often in phase, with occasional abrupt phase shifts out of and back to synchrony. The vessels connecting the ampullae to the zooid also contract, mostly in phase with the ampullae. Total volumes pumped by this colonial system are a significant fraction of the zooid volume, since it contracts 180 degrees out of phase and at the same frequency as the ampullae. Reversals of the peristaltic heart are at least partially synchronized with ampullae contractions. Ampullae that have been surgically detached from the colony contract at a more uniform rate with more symmetrical profiles than when part of the colony. ConclusionContractions of the ampullae and associated vessels pump sufficient blood in and out of the zooid that they should be considered functional hearts, and the partial synchrony of ampullae contractions results in a larger blood flow compared to an alternative asynchronous contraction pattern. The manner in which the ampullae abruptly fall out of and back to synchrony indicates synchrony is due to entrainment while the out of phase contractions of the zooid may be a direct result of pumping. The shape of contraction curves of detached ampullae pairs is almost indistinguishable from a pure sine wave, indicating that the more complex original pattern was due to interactions between out of phase ampullae. Ampullae and associated vessels might be analogous with the system of lymphatic vessels in vertebrates.
Design of a Chimaeric Antigen And Its Use In The Detection of IgG Antibodies Against Rubella Virus
Authors: Xing Wenyue , Li Li , Zhang Jingnan , Ma Chunli , Xue Xin , Hu Ruiping , Xue Huiting , Ye Shumei , Ma Yanhua , Yuan Hong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Rubella virus (RV) is the causative agent of rubella or German measles. Although most infections cause only mild self-limited measles-like illness, the infection in pregnant women can cause severe foetal malformation or even miscarriage, especially in the first 3 months of pregnancy. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to establish a simple and sensitive RV detection method.Methods: The partial epitopes of the E1 and E2 proteins from Rubella Virus were selected as the target sites, the sequence of the selected antigenic sites of the E1 and E2 were linked by a linker. The expression plasmid P6T was constructed by inserting the gene into PET-32A + with a His tag. The P6 protein was induced and expressed in Escherichia coli L21 DE3 and purified by nickel column affinity. The protein P6 antigen was identified by Western blotting, and an anti-P6 antibody ELISA was established to test known serum samples to evaluate the capability of this method.Results: After purification, the concentration and purity of the protein P6 were 0.283 mg/mL and more than 80%, respectively. Western blotting showed that the protein P6 could react with rubella virus positive serum. By ELISA, 36 negative sera and 58 positive sera were detected. The coincidence rate, specificity and sensitivity of the ELISA were 88.89%, 84.48% and 84.48%, respectively. The P6 ELISA with a kappa coefficient of 0.709, P<0.05, indicated excellent consistency.Conclusions: The P6 protein with excellent antigenicity obtained from prokaryotic expression followed by chromatography purification could prove useful for early diagnosis of RV infection.
Seeds of phase transition to thermoacoustic instability
Authors: Manikandan Raghunathan , George Nitin Babu , Unni Vishnu , Sujith R. , Kurths Jürgen , Surovyatkina Elena 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Tackling the problem of emissions is at the forefront of scientific research today. While industrial engines designed to operate in stable regimes produce emissions, attempts to operate them at "greener" conditions often fail due to thermoacoustic instability. During thermoacoustic instability, hazardous high amplitude periodic oscillations lead to failure of these engines in power plants, aircrafts and rockets. Yet, identifying the onset of thermoacoustic instability remains elusive due to spatial variability and the continuous evolution of spatiotemporal patterns in the reacting flow field. Here, we show experimental evidence of early manifestation of the onset of thermoacoustic instability at certain zones. Our findings allow us to identify a critical threshold that enables us to distinguish stable operating regimes from hazardous operations. This opens new perspectives for predicting the onset of thermoacoustic instability and could be a step forward to "greener" operations. The developed methodology is applicable for other systems exhibiting phase transitions.
Using a CO2 Laser-Firing as a Clean Production Method to Form an Electrical Conductivity Surface and Color-Changing on Craft Ceramic.
Authors: 李 (JAY)TZU-CHIEH 子介 LEE 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Craft ceramic is an old industry. Most craft clay needs to be fired in a kiln, but kilns are expensive and inefficient [Kiln firing thermal efficiency: Kiln body heat storage 18.67%, Exhaust Sensible Heat 45.9%, Heat loss from incomplete combustion 16.24%, Radiated Conduction and Other Loss of Heat 12.61%]. In order to change the color of ceramic, potters commonly use kiln reduction firing. This technique requires an additional step and more fuel, which creates more air pollution. In this study, we used a CO2 laser to fire craft clay and glaze. This process not only changes the ceramic’s color but also changes the conductivity of the ceramic’s surface. By changing the composition of the glaze, the ceramic’s surface resistance was altered. Most kiln-fired ceramics are non-conductive because oxides are combined by covalent bonds. During the laser firing process, the covalent bonds become metal bonds. This new firing technique produces ceramic products that are superior in terms of light, heat, magnetism, and electricity. Thus, laser firing adds more function to the final ceramic product than kiln firing does. As opposed to kiln firing, there is no air pollution associated with CO2 laser firing. In comparison to kiln firing, laser-firing reduces both heat waste and air pollution by 99%. This study is based on our patented laser ceramic reduction firing technique. (Taiwan, R.O.C Patent Number: I687394) We recommend additional studies into laser firing in order to collect more data on laser-based ceramic production. Range: 20W laser
Integration of Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of Freezing Tolerance in Winter Rapeseed
Authors: Wei Jiaping , Zheng Guoqiang , Dong Xiaoyun , Li Hui , Liu Sushuang , Wang Ying , Liu Zigang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Winter rapeseed seedlings are susceptible to low temperature during overwintering in Northwest China, leading to reduced crops production. Freezing stress is one of the utmost environmental stresses in Northwest China from late autumn to early spring, which are eventful for overwinter survival rate of winter rapeseed. However, the molecular mechanism of freezing tolerance formation is still very backward in winter rapeseed. In this study, using a pair of freezing-sensitive and freezing-resistant cultivars NQF24 and NTS57, the exhaustive effects of freezing stress on freezing tolerance formation were evaluated by analyzing leaf at the levels of transcriptome, proteome, physiology and ultrastructure. There were 8497 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 418 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) specifically identified in leaf of NQF24 under freezing stress, while 7358 DEGs and 573 DAPs were specifically identified in leaf of NTS57. Function enrichment analysis showed that most of the enriched DEGs and DAPs were associated with plant hormones signal transduction, fatty acid metabolism, ribosome, plant-pathogen interaction and secondary metabolites biosynthesis. Freezing tolerance is formed by enhanced signals transduction, increased the biosynthesis of protein and secondary metabolites, higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, more osmolytes, lower lipid peroxidation, and stronger ultrastructure. These results can be taken as selection indicators in freezing tolerance breeding program in rapeseed.
Effects of Blending Ratio and Processing of Lupine Bean On Nutritional Quality and Sensory Evaluation of Wheat-Lupine Bread
Authors: Alemu Tsehay , Woyraw Wubetu , Temesgen Habtamu , Abate Shimels 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

Bread is one of the most popular and widespread baked products in the world. It is an important staple food made of wheat flour, salt, and yeast. However, wheat protein is lower than that of proteins from pulses. White lupine is a good source of protein, fiber, minerals, and vitamins. It has some anti-nutritional factors which inhibit its consumption. The use of lupine as human food, specifically in baked products has been limited.
Objective

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of blending ratio and processing of lupine bean on nutritional quality and sensory evaluations of wheat-lupine bread.
Methods

The study was done by factorial design. All white lupine bean was prepared in a randomized completely block design (RCBD). The quality characteristics of bread were analyzed by three-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) was carried out to determine the F-value and the level of significance, Duncan’s multiple range tests at 5% probability were used for the comparison between means using statistical tools of SPSS version 25.
Result

The effect of processing and blending ratio (140:10:15) had a high value in protein, fat, and mineral content. Sensory acceptance of wheat-lupine bread was affected by the interaction of blending ratio and processing. On a 5 point hedonic scale, the composite sample wheat flour with 5, 10, and 15% white lupine flour and supplementation had the highest scores were 4.60, 3.80, 3.80, 4.40, and 3.95 in color, taste, flavor, appearance, and overall acceptability respectively.
Development And Validation of A Pyroptosis -Related Signature And Immune Microenvironment Infiltration In Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: Dalong Wei , Lan Xiaoling , Tang Qiang , Huang Zhiqun , Tang Qianli 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Cutaneous melanoma is cancer that is both malignant and aggressive, with a poor prognosis. Pyroptosis can affect the prognosis of cancer patients by controlling tumor cell growth, migration, and metastasis, as well as is closely related to the tumor immune microenvironment. The significance of pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) in cutaneous melanoma, however, is unknown. Methods: The training set and external validation sets were cutaneous melanoma samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), respectively. By using univariate Cox regression analysis and selection operator (Lasso) regression model, prognostic genes for overall survival (OS) were found. Candidate genes that were screened were used to calculate risk scores and construct a PRG risk model. The Kaplan Meier curve, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and area under the curve (AUC)were used to assess the functional and prognostic usefulness of gene signatures in the risk model. Furthermore, to speculate on the activity of immune cell infiltration and immune-related pathways in the tumor immune microenvironment and calculate corresponding scores, a single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was used.Results: An eight PRGs risk signature (AIM2, CASP4, CASP5, CASP8, IL18, NLRC4, NLRP6, PRKACA) were conducted and divided all cutaneous melanoma patients in the TCGA cohort into two groups: Low-risk and High-risk. Both the training and external validation sets showed that patients in the low-risk group showed a significantly higher likelihood of survival than those in the high-risk group (p < 0.001). Except for PRKACA, all the other eight PRGs in our study appeared to be longer survival times for patients. The results of ssGSEA in terms of 16 types of immune cells and the activity of 13 immune-related pathways showed that the High-risk group had lower immune pathway activity and lower levels of immune cell infiltration. In conclusion, the PRG-signature may be a significant predictor of prognosis and may play an essential role in UM patients' tumor immunity.
Synthesis, Antioxidant, Molecular Docking And DNA Interaction Studies of Metal Based Imine Derivatives
Authors: Ibrahim Muhammad , Ahmad Ashfaq , Perveen Fouzia , Nabi Hazrat Un , Muhammad Niaz , Ikram Muhammad , Ibrahim Musadiq , Ali Abid , Kamdem Jean Paul , M.Al-Swaidan Hassan , Rocha Teixeira 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Currently, numerous investigations are ongoing into the interaction of free radicals with biological systems such as lipids, DNA and protein. Methods: In the present work, synthesis, characterization, antioxidant, DNA binding and molecular docking studies of Schiff base ligand and its Ni(II), Co(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) were evaluated. Results: The metal complexes shown significant dose-dependent antioxidant activities comparable to the classical antioxidants, ascorbic acid and ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The DNA binding constants (kb) were found to be 3.487×10-5M-1, 1.858×10-5M-1, 3.090×10-5M-1, 1.367×10-5M-1 and 9.118×10-5M-1 for Ni(II), Co(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) metal complexes, respectively. Binding constants (Kb) and free energy (∆G) values calculated from molecular docking analysis were found to be in close agreement with experimental results.Conclusion: The obtained results indicate the importance of synthesis complexes as a source of synthetic antioxidants and anticancer drugs.