bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stem integrity inArabidopsis thalianarequires a load-bearing epidermis
Authors: Asaoka Mariko , Ooe Mao , Gunji Shizuka , Milani Pascale , Runel Gaël , Horiguchi Gorou , Hamant Olivier , Sawa Shinichiro , Tsukaya Hirokazu , Ferjani Ali 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTBecause plant cells are glued to each other via their cell walls, failure to coordinate growth among adjacent cells can create cracks in tissues. Here, we find that the unbalanced growth of inner and outer tissues in the clavata3 de-etiolated3 (clv3 det3) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana stretched epidermal cells, ultimately generating cracks in stems. Stem growth slowed before cracks appeared along clv3 det3 stems, whereas inner pith cells became drastically distorted and accelerated their growth, yielding to stress, after the appearance of cracks. This is consistent with a key role of the epidermis in restricting growth. Mechanical property measurements recorded using an atomic force microscope revealed that epidermal cell wall stiffness decreased in det3 and clv3 det3 epidermises. Thus, we hypothesized that stem integrity depends on the epidermal resistance to mechanical stress. To formally test this hypothesis, we used the DET3 gene as part of a tissue-specific strategy to complement cell expansion defects. Epidermis-driven DET3 expression restored growth and restored the frequency of stem cracking to 20% of the clv3 det3 mutant, demonstrating the DET3-dependent load-bearing role of the epidermis.
Room-Temperature Phosphorescence of Thiophene Boronate Ester-Cross Linked Polyvinyl Alcohol; A Triplet-to-Singlet FRET-Induced Multi-Color Afterglow Luminescence with Sulforhodamine B
Authors: Kanakubo Masashi , Yamamoto Yuki , Kubo Yuji 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A thiophene-derived boronate ester-cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol, 1-PVA, has been prepared, which was found to exhibit room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) at 475 nm upon UV irradiation (λem = 254 nm). The quantum yield (Φp) was determined to be 6.3% with a phosphorescence lifetime of 256 ms, the cyanish afterglow being visually detected after switching the UV lamp off. The emission properties were rationalized by El-Sayed’s rule, where introduction of a sulfur atom brings about n → π* transition in the T2 state to promote an ISC channel. Given that the phosphorescence spectrum at 77 K was consistent with that in the PVA film, the rigid environment of PVA-based matrix may stabilize the triplet state. In addition, the delayed emissive color was tuned by doping various amounts of sulforhodamine B (SRhoB) in the film; a triplet-to-singlet Förster-type resonance energy transfer process occurred from cross-linked thiophene boronate to SRhoB acceptor which modified the emission to a white-light afterglow. Given water-sensitivity of the resultant film, high-contrast water writing on the film was achieved, which would be profitable for a low-cost security film.
Controlled Nanostructures Fabricated by the Self-Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles via Simple Surface Modifications
Authors: Mitomo Hideyuki , Ijiro Kuniharu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This review introduces recent advances in the fabrication of metal nanostructures via self-assembly with a particular focus on our studies. As nanostructures, in particular metal nanostructures, show unique properties which are not observed in bulk materials, the development of nanofabrication techniques has attracted much attention in the research fields of nanoscience and nanotechnologies. From the viewpoint of biomimetics, it is imagined that sophisticated structures with spatio-temporal controllability on a nanoscale are crucial. Thus, much effort has been paid to the fabrication of 3- and 4-dimensional metal nanostructures. Although there are various approaches, the most promising is the self-assembly of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and their combination with soft matters. To obtain further controlled nanostructures for better properties, their systems have become more and more complex. For future expansion of these technologies, simplified systems are preferable for refining them based on clear mechanisms. From this point of view, we have worked on the self-assembly of AuNPs modified with oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG)-derivatives as a small, simple molecule with a definite chemical structure and fabricated 3D hollow capsule structures and reversibly changeable structures responding to certain stimuli in solution and on/in soft matters. These results are expected to support the creation of novel nanodevices.
Application evaluation of intraoperative ultrasound combined with neuro electrophysiological detection in the spinal cord glioma surgery
Authors: Li Xin , Liu Zhen-jie , Liang Liang , Dong Hai-qing 
Published: February 2021

Objective: To observe application values of intraoperative ultrasound combined with neuro electrophysiological detection in the spinal cord glioma surgery.
Methods: Sixty patients with spinal cord glioma hospitalized in Baoding First Central Hospital from January 2016 to January 2018 were selected, randomly divided into two groups by the random number table method, with 30 cases of each group. PASS software was used to calculate the sample size. The control group was treated with traditional microsurgery, while the experimental group was treated with intraoperative ultrasound combined with neuro electrophysiological testing. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospital stays, degree of tumor resection, clinical efficacy, recovery of neurological function, recovery of health status, quality of life score, and 2-year recurrence rate of the two groups of patients were observed and compared.
Results: The operation time of the experimental group was longer than that of the control group, and the postoperative hospital stay was shorter than that of the control group. The complete tumor resection rate, complete remission rate and postoperative scale scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group, while the recurrence rate within two years was significantly lower than that of the control group. The above differences were statistically significant (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Intraoperative ultrasound combined with neuro-electrophysiological detection for spinal glioma has more adequate protection of nerve function, high clinical complete remission rate, more thorough tumor resection, and lower recurrence rate than traditional microsurgery, which is worthy of clinical application.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.3.3638
How to cite this:Li X, Liu ZJ, Liang L, Dong HQ. Application evaluation of intraoperative ultrasound combined with neuro electrophysiological detection in the spinal cord glioma surgery. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(3):879-884. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.3.3638
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Effect of atorvastatin on subclinical atherosclerosis in virally-suppressed HIV-infected patients with CMV seropositivity: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Yunihastuti Evy , Rusdi Lusiani , Syahrir Azizi Muhammad , Estiasari Riwanti , Jasirwan Chyntia Olivia Maurine , Wulandari Endah Ayu T. , Purnamasari Dyah , Shinta Noviar Mutiara , Aman Nasution Sally 
Published: February 2021

Background: Persistent immune activation and inflammation in HIV-infection are linked to excess cardiovascular risk and other non-communicable diseases. Periodic asymptomatic CMV-reactivity in HIV infected patients over a lifetime may contribute to non-AIDS defining morbidity. Despite undetectable levels of HIV and CMV, these patients continue to have increased levels of biomarkers and immune activations. Statin administration is thought to reduce subclinical atherosclerosis by decreasing LDL-C levels. It may also add beneficial effects against CMV infection. Methods: We are conducting a double-blind placebo-controlled trial in which patients are randomized to receive either atorvastatin or placebo with a ratio of 1:1. This trial aims to study the effect of atorvastatin in statin-naive virally-suppressed HIV-infected patients with stable ART and CMV seropositivity on carotid intima media thickness (CIMT), tool that evaluates subclinical atherosclerosis. The study recruits 80 patients at HIV integrated care unit of Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital. All eligible subjects have CIMT evaluation as primary outcome, along with flow mediated vasodilatation (FMD), liver fibrosis and steatosis evaluation, fasting lipid, neurocognitive test, community periodontal index (CPI), and residual immune activation as secondary outcomes in 48 weeks. Ethics and dissemination: This study has received an ethical approval from Health Research Ethics Commitee–Universitas Indonesia and Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Before joining the study, all participants fill in an informed consent form. At the end of study analysis, the trial results will be published and disseminated in peer-reviewed journals. Discussion: The main purpose of our study is to evaluate the effect of atorvastatin administration on CIMT changes in statin naïve virally suppressed HIV-infected patients with stable ART and CMV seropositivity Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT04101136; registered on 24 September 2019.
Increased expression of Polδ does not alter the canonical replication program in vivo
Authors: Zach Róbert , Carr Antony M. 
Published: February 2021

Background: In vitro experiments utilising the reconstituted Saccharomyces cerevisiae eukaryotic replisome indicated that the efficiency of the leading strand replication is impaired by a moderate increase in Polδ concentration. It was hypothesised that the slower rate of the leading strand synthesis characteristic for reactions containing two-fold and four-fold increased concentration of Polδ represented a consequence of a relatively rare event, during which Polδ stochastically outcompeted Polε and, in an inefficient manner, temporarily facilitated extension of the leading strand. Inspired by this observation, we aimed to determine whether similarly increased Polδ levels influence replication dynamics in vivo using the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe as a model system. Methods: To generate S. pombe strains over-expressing Polδ, we utilised Cre-Lox mediated cassette exchange and integrated one or three extra genomic copies of all four Polδ genes. To estimate expression of respective Polδ genes in Polδ-overexpressing mutants, we measured relative transcript levels of cdc1+, cdc6+ (or cdc6L591G), cdc27+ and cdm1+ by reverse transcription followed by quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). To assess the impact of Polδ over-expression on cell physiology and replication dynamics, we used standard cell biology techniques and polymerase usage sequencing. Results: We provide an evidence that two-fold and four-fold over-production of Polδ does not significantly alter growth rate, cellular morphology and S-phase duration. Polymerase usage sequencing analysis further indicates that increased Polδ expression does not change activities of Polδ, Polε and Polα at replication initiation sites and across replication termination zones. Additionally, we show that mutants over-expressing Polδ preserve WT-like distribution of replication origin efficiencies. Conclusions: Our experiments do not disprove the existence of opportunistic polymerase switches; however, the data indicate that, if stochastic replacement of Polε for Polδ does occur in vivo, it represents a rare phenomenon that does not significantly influence canonical replication program.
Use of Mechanisms Marking Centers of Simplexes in Their 2-Dimensional Projections as Axonographs of Multidimensional Spaces
Authors: Abdurahmanov Sherzod 
Published: February 2021

A brief historical excursion into the graphics of geometry of multidimensional spaces at the paper beginning clarifies the problem – the necessary to reduce the number of geometric actions performed when depicting multidimensional objects.
The problem solution is based on the properties of geometric figures called N- simplexes, whose number of vertices is equal to N + 1, where N expresses their dimensionality. The barycenter (centroid) of the N-simplex is located at the point that divides the straight-line segment connecting the centroid of the (N–1)-simplex contained in it with the opposite vertex by 1: N. This property is preserved in the parallel projection (axonometry) of the simplex on the drawing plane, that allows the solution of the problem of determining the centroid of the simplex in its axonometry to be assigned to a mechanism which is a special Assembly of pantographs (the author's invention) with similarity coefficients 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4,...1:N.
Next, it is established, that the spatial location of a point in N-dimensional space coincides with the centroid of the simplex, whose vertices are located on the point’s N-fold (barycentric) coordinates. In axonometry, the ends of both first pantograph’s links and the ends of only long links of the remaining ones are inserted into points indicating the projections of its barycentric coordinates and the mechanism node, which serves as a determinator, graphically marks the axonometric location of the point defined by its coordinates along the axes х1, х2, х3 … хN..
The translational movement of the support rods independently of each other can approximate or remote the barycentric coordinates of a point relative to the origin of coordinates, thereby assigning the corresponding axonometric places to the simplex barycenter, which changes its shape in accordance with its points’ occupied places in the coordinate axes. This is an axonograph of N-dimensional space, controlled by a numerical program. The last position indicates the possibility for using the equations of multidimensional spaces’ geometric objects given in the corresponding literature for automatic drawing when compiling such programs.
Descriptive Geometry Problems Visualization by Wolfram Mathematica
Authors: Ignat'ev S. , Folomkin A. , Muratbakeev E. 
Published: February 2021

The possibilities of Wolfram Mathematica (WM), which is a package of symbolic mathematics, are endless. In this paper are investigated the possibilities of WM software product contextualization in the process of geometric-graphic teaching of students; is considered the experience for using a set of WM computational algorithms in teaching practice. The source codes and output data of our own WOLFRAM projects are offered, which are illustrative, in the form of interactive graphs, visualization of the solution for one of DG course’s basic problems on construction of points A, B, C and D, given by coordinates in space; construction a plane of general position passing through points A, B and C; determining positions of these points and the constructed plane in space; and also on determining the point D belonging to this plane. Have been presented examples of several of the existing WOLFRAM projects in the form of interactive graphs used in teaching. The study of applied issues and the ability to translate a professional problem into mathematical language, working in WM, provides a student with an opportunity to assimilate the necessary competencies.
Interactive visualization of solving DG problems, which can be carried out using WM, together with traditional problem solving, enriches the content of geometric education, introduces new opportunities in organization of the educational process, allows stimulate, maintain and increase students' interest in studying the discipline and further research in the area of DG. However, the ability to work in WM cannot replace the fundamental knowledge obtained by students of a technical high educational institute from the traditional course, but only complements the DG course by WM acquaintance.
Do Digital Platforms Reduce Moral Hazard? The Case of Uber and Taxis
Authors: Liu Meng , Brynjolfsson Erik , Dowlatabadi Jason 
Published: February 2021

Digital platforms provide a variety of technology-enabled tools that enhance market transparency, such as real-time monitoring, ratings of buyers and sellers, and low-cost complaint channels. How do these innovations affect moral hazard and service quality? We investigate this problem by comparing driver routing choices and efficiency on a large digital platform, Uber, with traditional taxis. The identification is enabled by matching taxi and Uber trips at the origin-destination-time level so they are subject to the same underlying optimal route, by exploiting characteristics of the pricing schemes that differentially affect the incentives of taxi and Uber drivers in various circumstances, and by examining changes in behavior when drivers switch from taxis to Uber. We find that (1) taxi drivers route longer in distance than matched Uber drivers on metered airport routes by an average of 8%, with nonlocal passengers on airport routes experiencing even longer routing; (2) no such long routing is found for short trips in dense markets (e.g., within-Manhattan trips) or airport trips with a flat fare; and (3) long routing in general leads to longer travel time, instead of saving passengers time. These findings are consistent with digital platform designs reducing driver moral hazard, but not with competing explanations such as driver selection or differences in driver navigation technologies. We also find evidence of Uber drivers’ long routing on airport trips in times of surge pricing, suggesting that the tech-enabled market designs may not be binding in our setting. This paper was accepted by Chris Forman, information systems.
Unlocking the ultrafast potential of gold nanowires for mode-locking in the mid-infrared region
Authors: Luo Hongyu , Li Siqing , Wu Xiaodong , Kang Zhe , Li Jianfeng , Qin Guanshi , Qin Weiping , Liu Yong 
Published: February 2021

In this Letter, we present the mode-locking operation of a 2.87 µm

H
o

3
+

/

P
r

3
+

codoped fluoride fiber laser, helped by the ultrafast nonlinear optical absorption behavior of gold nanowires (GNWs). The mode locker is fabricated by depositing the GNW solution onto a silver mirror. It has a modulation depth of 14.2%, a saturation intensity of

26.2

M
W

/

c
m

2

, and a non-saturation loss of 29.9% at 2.87 µm. With an increased pump power, the laser operates in

Q

-switched mode-locking, fundamental mode-locking, and harmonic mode-locking (HML) states. This represents the first, to our knowledge, mid-infrared mode-locked laser using gold nanomaterials. Additionally, the HML is also the first observation in a laser in this band using material saturable absorbers, implying the capability of GNWs for high repetition rate generation.
Ancestral haplotype reconstruction in endogamous populations using identity-by-descent
Authors: Finke Kelly , Kourakos Michael , Brown Gabriela , Dang Huyen Trang , Tan Shi Jie Samuel , Simons Yuval B. , Ramdas Shweta , Schäffer Alejandro A. , Kember Rachel L. , Bućan Maja , Mathieson Sara 
Published: February 2021

In this work we develop a novel algorithm for reconstructing the genomes of ancestral individuals, given genotype or sequence data from contemporary individuals and an extended pedigree of family relationships. A pedigree with complete genomes for every individual enables the study of allele frequency dynamics and haplotype diversity across generations, including deviations from neutrality such as transmission distortion. When studying heritable diseases, ancestral haplotypes can be used to augment genome-wide association studies and track disease inheritance patterns. The building blocks of our reconstruction algorithm are segments of Identity-By-Descent (IBD) shared between two or more genotyped individuals. The method alternates between identifying a source for each IBD segment and assembling IBD segments placed within each ancestral individual. Unlike previous approaches, our method is able to accommodate complex pedigree structures with hundreds of individuals genotyped at millions of SNPs.
We apply our method to an Old Order Amish pedigree from Lancaster, Pennsylvania, whose founders came to North America from Europe during the early 18th century. The pedigree includes 1338 individuals from the past 12 generations, 394 with genotype data. The motivation for reconstruction is to understand the genetic basis of diseases segregating in the family through tracking haplotype transmission over time. Using our algorithm thread, we are able to reconstruct an average of 224 ancestral individuals per chromosome. For these ancestral individuals, on average we reconstruct 79% of their haplotypes. We also identify a region on chromosome 16 that is difficult to reconstruct—we find that this region harbors a short Amish-specific copy number variation and the gene HYDIN. thread was developed for endogamous populations, but can be applied to any extensive pedigree with the recent generations genotyped. We anticipate that this type of practical ancestral reconstruction will become more common and necessary to understand rare and complex heritable diseases in extended families.
Perceived barriers to Chagas disease screening among a diverse group of prenatal care providers
Authors: Mahoney West Helen , Milliren Carly E. , Vragovic Olivera , Köhler Julia R. , Yarrington Christina 
Published: February 2021

Background
Chagas disease is a vector borne infection of poverty endemic to Latin America which affects an estimated 40,000 women of child-bearing age in the United States (US). In the US Chagas disease is concentrated among individuals who have lived in endemic areas. Prenatal diagnosis and treatment are needed to prevent congenital transmission. The objective of this study was to assess perceived barriers to Chagas disease screening among prenatal care providers in Obstetrics/Gynecology and Family Medicine Departments of a tertiary care safety-net hospital caring for a significant at-risk population.

Methodology/Principal findings
An anonymous survey was distributed to 178 Obstetrics/Gynecology and Family Medicine practitioners. Of the 66 respondents, 39% thought Chagas screening was very important, and 48% somewhat important as a public health initiative. One third judged screening patients during clinic visits as very important. Most respondents (64%) reported being familiar with Chagas disease. However, only 32% knew how to order a test and only 22% reported knowing what to do if a test was positive.

Conclusions/Significance
These findings will be incorporated into measures to facilitate full implementation of Chagas screening, and can inform initiatives at other centers who wish to address this deeply neglected infection among their patient families. Greater integration of information on Chagas disease screening and treatment in medical and nursing education curricula can contribute to addressing this disease with the focus that its potentially fatal sequelae merit.