bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological Parameters of Lethrinus nebulosus in the Arabian Gulf on the Saudi Arabian Coasts
Authors: Chédia Jabeur 
Published: March 2021

In the present study about 277 specimens of Lethrinus nebulosus were used to determine some biological parameters which are needed in stock assessment in the region of Arabian Gulf on the Saudi Arabian coasts. The period of spawning was estimated using maturity indexes to April, Mai and June. This species is gonochoric, nevertheless some cases of hermaphrodism are noted. The length relationships were determined showing a correlation between total length and standard length, and between total length and fork length. The weight- length relationship is allometric minorante. The model of Von Bertalanffy was estimated for the studied species and it is as follows: Lt = 600 *(1-exp (-0.135*(t+1.69)) for both sexes, Lt = 600 (1-exp (-0.166*(t+0.746)) for females and Lt = 555 *(1-exp (-0.153*(t+1.62)) for males.
COVID-19 in Children a Descriptive Study at the Security Forces Hospital (SFH)-AL Riyadh-Saudi Arabia
Authors: Bazie Elsharif A. , Alanazi Abdulkarim , Alshammari Wejdan Hamed Abdullah , Alharbi Fahad Mishal , Alghamdi Faisal Ahmed 
Published: March 2021

Coronaviruses (CoV) are RNA respiratory viruses that present with a wide range of symptomatology which range from common cold to severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV). In December 2019 a new strain was discovered in China named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), named “COVID-19” by World Health Organization (WHO).
Objective: To study the prevalence and clinical presentation of COVID-19 among children attended pediatrics emergency department.
Result: from 1st March to 30th of June 2020. During the study period, a total of 223 patients with age between 16 days and 12 years were diagnosed as positive COVID-19. Male were 52%. Fever was found in 39.9%, cough in 14.3%, and diarrhea in 3.6%.
Conclusion: our study gives a clue to the clinical presentation of COVID-19 in pediatric populations.
Heavy Metals Content in Kaolin Mined Soil and Water Body at Ohiya, Umuahia South, Abia State, Nigeria
Authors: Igwe C. E. , Ajero C. M. U. , Amaechi A. A. , Nzenwa P. O.` 
Published: March 2021

Heavy metals (HM) have been a global concern for its toxic and detrimental effect on the environment especially when it exceeds the permissible limit through anthropogenic activities like kaolin mining. Kaolin mining has improved the economic wellbeing of the local people through employment and otherwise; and at the same time attached with environmental consequences that threatens the livelihood of the community members. This study was carried out to ascertain the concentrations of selected heavy metals in kaolin mined soils and water body and its pollution density using single pollution indices such as contamination factor (CF), geo-accumulation (Igeo) and ecological risk factor (Er ). Soil sample were collected from three different kaolin mined sites labelled (A,B and C) also surface water samples were collected from upper and down streams of Iyi-ugbohoroAmaudara, both samples were digested and elemental analysis was carried out using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS UNICAM 919 model). The concentration of the metals in three different kaolin mined soil samples ranges from Pb(40.00, 52.00 and 55.09 mg/kg) Cr(45.01, 70.00 and 71.00 mg/kg) Ni( 32.10, 50.50 and 51.00 mg/kg) Cd( 2.16, 6.25 and 6.15 mg/kg) Co( 19.68, 57.06 and 56.00 mg/kg) Se(1.06, 0.50, and 1.00 mg/kg) Mn(0.001, 0.01 and 0.01 mg/kg) Hg( 2.01, 2.00 and 2.50 mg/kg) As( 1.07, 1.10 and 1.05 mg/kg) and Cu(33.01, 60.00 and 57.5 mg/kg). Results from single pollution indices used for the selected heavy metals from kaolin mined soil, samples (A,B and C) showed that Mn, As, Cr, Ni and Cu indicated low to moderate contamination factor while Cd, Se, Co and Hg indicated high to very high contamination factor in all the samples. The distribution trend of heavy metals concentrations in the upper and down streams of the river body during wet season, showed that there were significant difference between upper and down streams while dry season showed variations in significant differences between the upper and down streams of some of the heavy metals. The study therefore concludes that kaolin soils are contaminated with heavy metals as a result of kaolin deposit and its mining activities. The single pollution indices used for the study pointed out that Cd, Se, Co and Hg are very high in the kaolin soils. The surface waters of Iyi-ugbohoroAmaudara River at the study area are polluted with heavy metals as a result of kaolin mining activities in the area; more especially during wet season of the study. Consequently, these outcomes would pose a toxic effect to both fauna and flora and possibly threatens the aquatic lives and the local populace.
Clinical Picture of SARS-Cov-2 Infection in Children in Guanajuato State, Mexico: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Padilla-Raygoza Nicolás , Flores-Vargas Gilberto , Sandoval-Salazar Cuauhtémoc , Navarro-Olivos Efraín , Gallardo-Luna María de Jesús , Lara-Lona Elia , Vázquez Francisco J. Magos , Díaz-Martínez Daniel Alberto 
Published: March 2021

Aims: To compare the signs and symptoms in COVID-19 and another respiratory virus, among children.
Study Design: A cross-sectional study was designed based on data from the National Epidemiological Surveillance System of the General Directorate of Epidemiology.
Place and Duration of Study: All registries in database of confirmed and discarded cases of COVID-19 from Guanajuato State, Mexico in the period March-July 2020.
Methodology: A confirmed case was one with clinical data mainly fever, cough and dyspnea, who had traveled to a country affected by the pandemic or had had contact with a confirmed case, and a positive rRT-PCR test for SARS -CoV-2. The cases discarded were those with the negative rRT-PCR test. The presence of clinical data among those under 18 years of age, of confirmed and discarded cases in the state of Guanajuato, was compared with Z for two proportions and P-value.
Results: The sample included 446 confirmed cases and 2,134 discarded cases. The average age of those confirmed was 9.60 ± 5.46 years and 8.01 ± 5.39 years, among those discarded (P <.05). In both groups, male predominated (P = .91). Fever, myalgia, arthralgia, and conjunctivitis show statistically significant differences between confirmed and discarded cases (P < .05).
Conclusion: There are not differences in signs and symptoms in COVID-19 and another respiratory virus. It is concluded that since the characteristics of COVID-19 are like the ones of other viral infections, the diagnosis cannot be made merely based on signs and symptoms.
Effect of Crop Cover and Stage of Crop Growth on Soil L-Glutaminase Activity
Authors: Yadav M. Bhargava Narasimha , Padmaja G. , Anjaiah T. , Kumari J. Aruna 
Published: March 2021

A pot culture experiment was conducted at glass house of Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. The aim of the present experiment was to study the influence of crop cover and stage of crop growth on soil L- glutaminase activity in an Alfisol and Vertisol. The experiment was under taken with six crops viz., two cereals (Rice, Maize), two legumes (Groundnut, Greengram), one oilseed (Sunflower) and one vegetable (Bhendi) crop. The experiment was conducted in Completely Randomized Block design with three replications along with the uncropped control. The results obtained with regard to the effect of these crops on soil L-glutaminase activity showed that there was an increase in enzyme activity with age of the crop upto 60 DAS and it varied with crops grown. The increased enzyme activity (μg of NH4+ released g-1 soil 4h-1) varied from 5.56 to 12.17 for groundnut, 5.58 to 11.25 for greengram, 5.43 to 10.87 for sunflower, 5.48 to 8.61 for rice, 5.39 to 8.23 maize and 5.31 to 7.92 for bhendi in Vertisol. In Alfisol the L-glutaminase activity (μg of NH4+ released g-1 soil 4h-1) under different crop cover found to vary from 6.72 to 13.59 (groundnut), 6.68 to 12.71 (greengram), 6.63 to 11.96 (sunflower), 6.61 to 10.25 (rice), 6.59 to 9.47 (maize), 6.62 to 9.26 (bhendi). A close perusal of the data indicates that the L-glutaminase activity followed the sequence groundnut > greengram > sunflower > rice > maize > bhendi, in both Alfisol and Vertisol.
Alpha and Beta Coronavirus Infections in a University Hospital
Authors: Agca Harun , Saglik Imran , Ener Beyza 
Published: March 2021

Background: Human coronaviruses (CoV) are significant causes etiological factors of respiratory tract infections. There are four major subgroups of CoVs, known as alpha, beta, gamma and delta. Four types of endemic human CoVs are 229E, OC43, NL63 and HKU1.
Aims and Objectives: In this retrospective study, we aimed to analyze the results of the respiratory samples of hospitalized patients by Real-Time(RT) PCR for CoVs 229E, NL63,OC43 and HKU1.
Methodology: Hospitalized patients with respiratory symptoms, including nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, nasal discharge, sneezing, sore throat and cough, were tested by RT PCR between April 2018 and March 2020. We retrospectively investigated the results of 1422 respiratory samples including 1245 nasopharyngeal swabs and 177 BAL samples. Detection rate and subtypes of CoV among upper and lower respiratory samples were retrospectively analyzed from patient records.
Results: Patients were between 0-93 years with a mean age of 26 years. We detected 142 (11,4%) CoVs in 1245 nasopharyngeal samples and 21 CoVs (11,9%) in 177 BAL samples. Most common CoV was OC43 (n=72, 44,2%) in overall samples.
Conclusion: Although CoV infections are predominant in the winter season, they are diagnosed throughout the year with lower incidence in summer and are identified in individuals of all ages. Understanding the epidemiological and virological features of CoV infections is important to effectively control their burden.
Impact of Cultural Competence Intervention on Satisfaction with Maternity Services among Women of Reproductive Age in Rural Kenya
Authors: Cheboi Solomon Kemoi , Rucha Kenneth Kibaara , Kimeu Anastasiah Nyamilu , Kithuka Peter 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Quality of care is acknowledged as a critical facet of the unfinished maternal and newborn health agenda. Yet modalities of reorienting maternity services to respectful services are rare. This study investigated the effect of training health workers in cultural competence towards satisfaction with maternity service.
Materials and Methods: This was a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial undertaken in public hospitals. The intervention was provision of culturally sensitive maternity services by health workers after cultural competence training. Three hundred and seventy nine women were interviewed per group using exit and mystery client surveys. The effect was measured using standard mean difference (Cohen’s d) and t-test.
Results: There was significant effect on satisfaction with provided information on delivery methods (F (1, 756) = 11.493, p < 0.001, ηp2 = .049). The mean of intervention group increased from 3.55 ±1.056 to 3.94, ±0.894 while the control changed from 3.57±1.187 to 3.62 ± 1.149. The mean changes tweaked the group variance from insignificant t (725) =0.290, p = 0.771 to significant t (713) =-4.336 p <0.001.
Conclusion: Cultural competence training is effective in creating room for desired maternal needs and improving perceived satisfaction with maternity services. Consequently, there is a need to integrate cultural knowledge and skills into existing maternal policies and training.
The Duration of Azithromycin use for Outpatients in a Public Hospital in Alkharj
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. 
Published: March 2021

Aim: The present study aims to explore the appropriateness of azithromycin use duration in the outpatient setting in a public hospital.
Methodology: The present study included a review of the electronic prescriptions in the outpatient setting in a public hospital in Alkharj between January 2018 till June 2018.
Results: The total number of outpatients who received was 541 patients. Most of these patients received azithromycin as a suspension (55.64%). In general, most of the patients received azithromycin for 3 days (88.17%) followed by 5 days (9.98%).
Conclusion: The study showed that azithromycin was prescribed commonly and that the duration of azithromycin treatment in the hospital was for 3 days for the majority of patients. it is important to monitor the appropriateness of prescribing azithromycin and to educate the patients about the use of their drugs.
Alteration of Serum Liver Enzymes Level Caused by Cetirizine Hydrochloride in Exercise Performers
Authors: Khan Manzoor , Khan Alamgir , Butt Muhammad Zafar Iqbal , Khan Samiullah , Asghar Ejaz , Jamil Muhammad 
Published: March 2021

Background: Players regularly use cetirizine HCL for the prevention and treatment of various symptoms of allergy while playing in unfamiliar environments.
Objective: This research study was carried out to examine the effect of cetirizine HCL on liver function (ALT, ALP and AST) among the players.
Methods: A descriptive study was carried out at Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan from January 2019 to June 2019.Twenty male subjects 10 players using cetirizine HCL (one tablet of 10mg/day) as experimental group and 10 players not using cetirizine HCL as control group was selected voluntarily as participants of the study. Five ml blood was taken from all subjects after three hours of administration of cetirizine HCL for the assessment of ALT, ALP and AST. The results obtained through liver functions test (LFTs) were analyzed through a statistical package for social sciences (SPSS, Version 24).
Results: Significant difference was found in both groups (CG and EXG) in term of ALT (P = 000, 0.05>.000). There was significant difference between in both groups (CG and EXG) in term of ALP (P = 000, 0.05>.000). A significant difference was found between in both groups (CG and EXG) in term of AST (P = .001, 0.05>.000).
Conclusion: on the basis of finding, the researcher concluded that Cetirizine HCL (Tablet 10mg) produced a significant rise in liver enzymes and hence disturbing the normal functioning of liver.
A Comparative Study of the Impact of Coronavirus (COVID -19) on the Therapeutic Practices of Cancer Patients in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Egypt
Authors: Mahmoud Madiha Rabie , Alshammari Dalal Saad Hedmool , Alshammari Maryam Abdullah , Alhobera Aala Hazza , Abdelaziz Osama Gad , Abdelaziz Sherif Gad 
Published: March 2021

Cancer patients are considered one of the most vulnerable to infection with Corona virus (COVID-19), especially who are elderly, multiple comorbidities, and are often immunosuppressed by their cancer or therapy. The immune system of cancer patients is very weak compared to the healthy individuals, so, morbidity and mortality of any serious infections expected to be high among them. This research aims to study the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on cancer patients practices in Saudi Arabia (KSA) and compare with the result in Egypt. It was conducted through a well-structured questionnaire, among cancer patients either online (KSA) or paper questionnaire (Egypt). The questionnaire consists of 16 questions about Scio-demographic and changes in time and method of treatment (chemotherapy and radiotherapy), postponed of surgical operations. Our results showed significant differences between KSA and Egypt hospital practices; cancer department was affected by postponed appointment (54.8% & 63.3%), diagnosis (32.7% & 60%) and treatment of cancer patients (37.1% & 63.3%) respectively. Also, postponed of chemotherapy/radiotherapy (56.8% & 73.3%), surgical operations (45% & 43.3%), an increase in the deterioration of cancer by (35.5% & 23.3%), switching from parenteral injection to oral (27.8% & 56.7%) and changing in the drug doses (19.5% & 40%) in KSA and Egypt respectively. We can conclude that management of cancer patients during COVID-19 pandemic of great importance and so, switching from parenteral to oral, prolongation of the treatment period and postponed of some surgical operations gave a good opportunity to maintain adequate care of cancer patient with minimum exposure of patients to infection.
The Prescribing Pattern of Medications in the Cardiology Outpatient Department of a Public Hospital
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. 
Published: March 2021

Aim: This study aimed to describe the prescribing pattern of medications in the cardiology outpatient department of a public hospital.
Methodology: This is a retrospective study included collecting data from outpatient pharmacy prescriptions from a public hospital in Alkharj. The data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel and after that the descriptive data was represented as percentages and frequencies.
Results: The most prescribed medication was aspirin (11.6%) followed by bisoprolol (8.06), atorvastatin (7.5%) and furosemide (6.79%). Most of the prescriptions were written by residents (85.15%). Most of the medications were prescribed as tablets (88.26%) and capsules (9.05%).
Conclusion: It is important to evaluate the prescribing pattern of medications in the cardiology department to ensure that these medications are prescribed appropriately and to increase the awareness of the health-care professionals about these medications.
Medications' Prescribing Pattern in the General Surgery Outpatient Department
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. 
Published: March 2021

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the drugs’ prescribing pattern in general surgery department of a public hospital in Alkharj.
Methodology: The present retrospective study included collecting data from the general surgery outpatient pharmacy prescriptions from a public hospital in Alkharj from 1st of June 2018 to 31th December 2018.
Results: The total number of outpatients who received prescriptions from general surgery outpatient department was 319. Most of them were males (52.35%) and aged less than 50 years (79.31%). Most of the prescriptions were written by residents (47.02). The most prescribed medication was paracetamol (21.32%) followed by amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (12.85%), ciprofloxacin (12.85%), and metronidazole (6.27%).
Conclusion: The study showed that antibiotics and analgesics were the most commonly prescribed drug classes in outpatient surgery department. Continuous monitoring for the prescribing of these drugs is essential to increase the wise use of these medications. More awareness workshops and educational programs for surgeons are needed for the prescribing of these drugs.
The Views of the Public on Making Decisions about over the Counter Medications and Their Attitudes towards Evidence of Effectiveness
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. , Alrawili Abdulrahman S. , Alkhawaja Faisal Z. 
Published: March 2021

Aim: This study aimed to determine the public views on making decisions about over the counter drugs and their attitudes towards evidence of their effectiveness.
Methodology: The present study includes gathering data from the public using a survey that was adapted from a previous study. This survey was translated from English to Arabic language and was converted to an online form using Google Forms and then the link was sent to be completed by the public.
Results: The survey was completed by 102 respondents. Most of the respondents agreed that the most important factors that influence their purchases of medications were the safety of the product (73.53%) and the efficacy of the drug (71.57). Most of the respondents agreed that the main methods of determining the effectiveness of the medication included the previous using of the drug (76.5%) and the physician recommendation to use it by a (75.5%). Only about 49.02% of them agreed that the majority of non-prescription medicines are supported by scientific evidence from drug trials to prove they are effective.
Conclusion: This study highlighted positive views and attitudes toward the use of OTC drugs. It is important to increase the awareness of the public about how to use these drugs wisely. Community pharmacists should play a crucial role in optimizing medication use and in patients counseling.
The Effect of Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking on Higher Order Aberrations in Keratoconus
Authors: Moharam Ahmed M. , Khater Mohammad M. , Saad Hisham A. , Nagy Khaled A. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To assess the changes in ocular high order aberrations after collagen cross linking for keratoconus.
Patients and Methods: This study included 30 eyes with confirmed KCN. Baseline evaluation focused on: UDVA and BSCVA using logMAR notation, MRSE, corneal topography using Orbscan IIZ and wave-front aberrometry using Zywave II. CXL was performed per ‘Dresden protocol’ through a 30-minutes exposure to 370 nm UVA with an irradiance of 3 mW/cm 2. Patients had comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation after 6 months with special attention to: UDVA, BSCVA, MRSE, corneal topography and wave-front aberrometry changes.
Results: The mean age was 25.5±5.84 (20:31) years. After 6 months, there was a significant decrease in corneal thickness from 493.2± 24.17µ to 486.7±24.26µ (P<0.05) and a significant decrease in K max from 47.4±1.17D to 46.1±1.17D (P<0.05). BSCVA improved from preoperative value (0.00:0.5 logMAR (median 0.3)) to 6 months’ value (0.1:1.00 logMAR (median 0.2) (P <0.05). Preoperative MRSE was -7.25: -0.5D (median -2.85D) and at 6 months was -6.25: -0.5D (median - 2.125D) (P<0.05). A significant correlation was found at 6 months between changes in both BSCVA and: K max (P<0.001), corneal thickness (P<0.05), vertical coma (P<0.001) and trefoil (P<0.001).
Conclusions: Improvement in HOA was detected after CXL for KCN. The changes in total, vertical coma and vertical trefoil aberrations were significantly correlated with postoperative improvement in BSCVA. Thus, improvement in HOA profile after CXL is one of the explanations of improvement in visual function after CXL in KCN.
Out‐Of‐Plane Metal Coordination for a True Solvent‐Free Building with Molecular Bricks: Dodging the Surface Ligand Effect for On‐Surface Vacuum Self‐Assembly
Authors: Orbelli Biroli Alessio , Calloni Alberto , Bossi Alberto , Jagadeesh Madan S. , Albani Guglielmo , Duò Lamberto , Ciccacci Franco , Goldoni Andrea , Verdini Alberto , Schio Luca , Floreano Luca , Bussetti Gianlorenzo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe desirable self‐assembly (SA) of repeated 2D stacked layers requires a “holistic analysis” of three interconnected components: the electrode, the interface, and the molecular component; among them, the contact interface bears the largest burden responsibilities. Epitaxial growth (EG) of coherent 2D+n stacked heterojunction by solvent‐free deposition holds great promise, although the feasibility has never been demonstrated given multiple drawbacks (e.g., surface‐ligand effect, SLE). Here, it is demonstrated how a coherent 2D+n (n = 3) layered heterorganic film is grown on an archetypal Fe metal electrode. The groundbreaking achievement is the result of the in‐vacuum integration of: i) chemical decoupling of the basal organic layer (a ZnII‐tetraphenylporphyrine, ZnTPP) from the metal electrode, ii) 2D‐ordering of the ZnTPP commensurate to the substrate, iii) rigid, stoichiometric, and orthogonally arranged, the molecule‐to‐molecule coupling between ZnTPP and a ditopic linear bridging ligand (i.e., DPNDI) guided by SA coordination chemistry, and iv) sharp (chemical) termination of the layered film.