bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graduate student workload: Pandemic challenges and recommendations for accommodations
Authors: Swanson Helena L. , Pierre‐Louis Catherine , Monjaras‐Gaytan Lidia Y. , Zinter Kayleigh E. , McGarity‐Palmer Rebecca , Clark Withington Margaret H. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the lives of graduate student workers within university settings. At a large Midwestern private university, a Psychology Graduate Student Association (PsychGSA) identified that, in response to the pandemic, different levels of accommodations were being provided by faculty to graduate students. The PsychGSA conducted an evaluative survey that captured the experiences of 50 graduate students in the psychology department. The results highlight the inequitable challenges graduate students are currently facing. Recommendations to faculty to appropriately accommodate students during this unprecedented time, and beyond, are reported.
Community social capital, migration status, and Chinese rural children's psychosocial development
Authors: Tian Felicia F. , Jing Yongchao , Liu Jingming 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMigration's impact on Chinese rural children's psychosocial development is the subject of growing research attention. While scholars highlight the critical role of social support, they have yet to systematically examine whether and how community social capital, which provides proximal social support for families, affects rural children's psychosocial development as well as whether such associations vary by children's migration status. Using data from the child component of the 2012 Chinese Urbanization and Labor Migration Survey, this article shows that community social capital reduces children's behavioral and emotional problems; however, left‐behind children and migrant children gain less from community social capital than children with at‐home parents. In addition, left‐behind girls fare worse and gain less from community social capital than left‐behind boys. Together, these findings imply that community social capital reinforces the disadvantaged psychosocial development of rural children who experience parental migration and evidence the enduring gender inequality in rural China.
Pacific Spiny Lumpsucker armor—Development, damage, and defense in the intertidal
Authors: Woodruff Eleanor C. , Huie Jonathan M. , Summers Adam P. , Cohen Karly E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPredation, combat, and the slings and arrows of an abrasive and high impact environment, represent just some of the biotic and abiotic stressors that fishes are armored against. The Pacific Spiny Lumpsucker (Eumicrotremus orbis) found in the subtidal of the Northern Pacific Ocean is a rotund fish covered with epidermal, cone‐shaped, enamel odontodes. The Lumpsucker is a poor swimmer in the wave swept rocky intertidal, and this armor may be a lightweight solution to the problem of collisions with abiotic obstacles. We use micro‐CT and scanning electron microscopy to reveal the morphology and ontogeny of the armor, and to quantify the amount of mineralization relative to the endoskeleton. The non‐overlapping odontodes are organized into eight rows—six rows on the body, one row surrounding the eye, and one row underneath the chin. Odontodes start as a single, hooked cone; and they grow by the addition of cusps that accrete into a spiral. The mineral investment in armor compared to skeleton increases over ontogeny. Damage to the armor occurs both through passive abrasion and breakage from impact; and there is no evidence of replacement, or repair of damaged odontodes.
Tanzania short rains and its relations to Trans‐Atlantic‐Pacific Ocean Dipole‐like pattern
Authors: Kebacho Laban Lameck 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrevious studies have suggested that interocean interactions can improve our understanding of climate's impacts on extreme weather events. The present study investigates how the interaction between the tropical eastern Pacific and Atlantic Oceans impacts extreme weather events over Tanzania. Results illustrate that the proposed Trans‐Atlantic‐Pacific Ocean Dipole index (TAPODI) is significantly correlated with the short rains over Tanzania. The wavelet coherence analysis showed that the variability of the short rains was influenced principally by the TAPODI on the interannual (1–5 years) scale. The association between TAPODI and short rains is in‐phase, with the phase of TAPODI lags that of the short rains by 90°. The positive phase of the TAPODI is associated with the advection of moist air from the Congo basin that favours ascent motion and leads to above‐normal rainfall over Tanzania. The negative phase of the TAPODI is related to sinking motions, accompanied by divergent winds at low level that block winds from the Congo basin and the western Indian Ocean, hence leads to below‐normal rainfall over Tanzania. Therefore, the study revealed the interactions between the tropical Pacific and Atlantic Ocean, which will improve the climate predictability and prediction of the short rains over Tanzania.
The stability of total talar prosthesis—How stable to dislocation? Cadaveric study
Authors: Sato Go , Saengsin Jirawat , Sornsakrin Pongpanot , Bhimani Rohan , Lubberts Bart , Taniguchi Akira , DiGiovanni Christopher , Tanaka Yasuhito 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to characterize ankle stability of total talar prosthesis (TTP) and to determine the effect of implant sizes on stability as well as the resistance to TTP dislocation. Twelve below‐knee cadaveric specimens were divided into two groups. Group 1 received a size matched implant and Group 2 received downsized implant by 5%. The stability assessment under fluoroscopy was performed for each cadaver in its native state. Following TTP insertion process, each then underwent evaluation of the TTP ankle stability. The stability of pre‐ and post‐TTP was compared. (1) Anterior drawer distance. (2) Talar tilt angle under varus and valgus stress. (3) Subtalar tilt angle under varus stress was measured. Finally, the dislocation test was performed using the aforementioned testing conditions, then the stress force was slowly increased from 0 to 350 N, during which time it was observed on fluoroscopy all the time. Compared to pre TTP ankles, varus and anterior drawer stress showed significant instability (p < 0.001–0.031). Only anterior drawer stress in smaller sized implants showed significant instability when compared to identical sized implants (p = 0.008). No dislocation was seen under varus, valgus, and subtalar stress. However, anterior dislocation was observed in all cases of smaller size implant group (p = 0.045). TTP implant was stable under valgus and subtalar stress. However, clinicians should pay attention to anterior instability. Notably, downsized implants should be considered carefully to minimize the chance of anterior dislocation.
Rectal cancer: Maximizing local control and minimizing toxicity
Authors: Whelan Sean , Burneikis Dominykas , Kalady Matthew F. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAdoption of multimodality treatment approach for rectal cancer has resulted in significant improvements in oncologic outcomes. The roles of chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery in rectal cancer treatment are continuously evolving with the goal of achieving the best possible oncologic and functional outcome while minimizing treatment toxicity. The aim of this review is to summarize the most recent trials focusing on organ‐sparing treatment strategies and the optimal selection of patients for neoadjuvant radiation therapy.
Intelligent Breathing Soliton Generation in Ultrafast Fiber Lasers
Authors: Wu Xiuqi , Peng Junsong , Boscolo Sonia , Zhang Ying , Finot Christophe , Zeng Heping 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHarnessing pulse generation from an ultrafast laser is a challenging task as reaching a specific mode‐locked regime generally involves adjusting multiple control parameters, in connection with a wide range of accessible pulse dynamics. Machine‐learning tools have recently shown promising for the design of smart lasers that can tune themselves to desired operating states. Yet, machine‐learning algorithms are mainly designed to target regimes of parameter‐invariant, stationary pulse generation, while the intelligent excitation of evolving pulse patterns in a laser remains largely unexplored. Breathing solitons exhibiting periodic oscillatory behavior, emerging as ubiquitous mode‐locked regime of ultrafast fiber lasers, are attracting considerable interest by virtue of their connection with a range of important nonlinear dynamics, such as exceptional points, and the Fermi‐Pasta‐Ulam paradox. Here, an evolutionary algorithm is implemented for the self‐optimization of the breather regime in a fiber laser mode‐locked through a four‐parameter nonlinear polarization evolution. Depending on the specifications of the merit function used for the optimization procedure, various breathing‐soliton states are obtained, including single breathers with controllable oscillation period and breathing ratio, and breather molecular complexes with a controllable number of elementary constituents. This work opens up a novel avenue for exploration and optimization of complex dynamics in nonlinear systems.
Enhanced Photoluminescence of Monolayer MoSe2 in a Double Resonant Plasmonic Nanocavity with Fano Resonance and Mode Matching
Authors: Li Chenyang , Wang Qifa , Diao Hang , Hao Zhen , Yu Weixing , Liu Kaihui , Gan Xuetao , Xiao Fajun , Zhao Jianlin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTwo‐dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides exhibit remarkable optical properties. However, their applications in electronics and photonics are severely limited by the intrinsically low absorption and emission rates. Here, the photoluminescence (PL) enhancement by integrating the monolayer MoSe2 into an Ag nanowire‐on‐mirror (NWoM) nanocavity is reported. From the dark‐field scattering spectrum, a Fano resonance resulting from the coupling between discrete exciton state of MoSe2 and broad plasmon mode of nanocavity is observed. This Fano resonance, as a characteristic of intermediate plasmon–exciton coupling, shows remarkable ability to accelerate emission rate of MoSe2. Furthermore, the nanocavity with multiple resonances provides an excellent spatial mode overlap at excitation and emission wavelengths that affords the intriguing opportunity to resonantly enhance the absorption and PL quantum yield at the same location. The combination of Fano resonance and mode matching allows the attainment of over 1800‐fold PL enhancement. These results provide a facile way to enhance the PL intensity of monolayer MoSe2 that may facilitate highly efficient optoelectronic devices.
Colloidal Synthesis and Tunable Multicolor Emission of Vacancy‐Ordered Cs2HfCl6 Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Liu Siping , Yang Bin , Chen Junsheng , Zheng Daoyuan , Tang Zhe , Deng Weiqiao , Han Keli 
Published: December 2021

AbstractVacancy‐ordered perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have recently attracted much interest owing to their unique structure and optical properties; however, regulating self‐trapped excitons (STEs) in vacancy‐ordered perovskite NCs to exhibit tunable multicolor emission is still challenging because of the highly localized charge distribution and strong carrier‐phonon coupling. Herein, the first colloidal synthesis of lead‐free vacancy‐ordered Cs2HfCl6 perovskite NCs by a hot‐injection method using hafnium acetylacetonate as metal precursors is reported. The passivation strategy of sub‐bandgap trap states inside Cs2HfCl6 NCs is proposed by doping Sb3+. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements verify that the passivation of sub‐bandgap trap states may be attributed to the enhanced chemical interaction between the Hf4+ cations and Cl– anions. Simultaneously, the introduction of Sb3+ ions yields a bright orange emission. Employing lanthanide acetylacetonate compounds, four lanthanide ions including Pr3+, Eu3+, Tb3+, and Ho3+ are doped into the Cs2HfCl6 NCs, which achieves tunable multicolor emissions (from blue to green to pink) through the energy transfer from STEs to lanthanide ions. This investigation not only develops a novel vacancy‐ordered perovskite NCs, but also provides effective strategies for tuning the optical properties of lead‐free vacancy‐ordered perovskite NCs.
Tumor‐derived exosomes: Key players in non‐small cell lung cancer metastasis and their implication for targeted therapy
Authors: Rizwan Maryam Noor , Ma Yunxia , Nenkov Miljana , Jin Lai , Schröder Desiree Charlotte , Westermann Martin , Gaßler Nikolaus , Chen Yuan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractExosomes represent extracellular vesicles of endocytic origin ranging from 30 to 100 nm that are released by most of eukaryotic cells and can be found in body fluids. These vesicles in carrying DNA, RNA, microRNA (miRNA), Long noncoding RNA, proteins, and lipids serve as intercellular communicators. Due to their role in crosstalk between tumor cells and mesenchymal stroma cells, they are vital for tumor growth, progression, and anticancer drug resistance. Lung cancer is a global leading cause of cancer‐related deaths with 5‐year survival rates of about 7% in patients with distant metastasis. Although the implementation of targeted therapy has improved the clinical outcome of nonsmall cell lung cancer, drug resistance remains a major obstacle. Lung tumor‐derived exosomes (TDEs) conveying molecular information from tumor cells to their neighbor cells or cells at distant sites of the body activate the tumor microenvironment (TME) and facilitate tumor metastasis. Exosomal miRNAs are also considered as noninvasive biomarkers for early diagnosis of lung cancer. This review summarizes the influence of lung TDEs on the TME and metastasis. Their involvement in targeted therapy resistance and potential clinical applications are discussed. Additionally, challenges encountered in the development of exosome‐based therapeutic strategies are addressed.
Theoretical model of lithium iron phosphate power battery under high‐rate discharging for electromagnetic launch
Authors: Zhou Ren , Lu Junyong , Long Xinlin , Wu Yiting , Liu Lang , Liu Yingquan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDue to the large error of the traditional battery theoretical model during large‐rate discharge for electromagnetic launch, the Shepherd derivative model considering the factors of the pulse cycle condition, temperature, and life is proposed by the Naval University of Engineering. The discharge rate of traditional lithium‐ion batteries does not exceed 10C, while that for electromagnetic launch reaches 60C. The continuous pulse cycle condition of ultra‐large discharging rate causes many unique electrochemical reactions inside the cells. The traditional model cannot accurately describe the discharge characteristics of the battery. The accurate battery theoretical model is an important basis for system efficiency calculation, precise discharge control, and remaining capacity prediction. To this purpose, an experimental platform for electromagnetic launch is built, and discharge characteristics of the battery under different rate, temperature, and life decay are measured. Through the experimental test and analysis, the reason that the traditional model cannot accurately characterize the large‐rate discharge process is analyzed. And a novel battery theoretical model is designed with the help of genetic algorithm, which is integrated with the electromagnetic launch topology. Numerical simulation is compared with the experimental results, which verifies the modeling accuracy for the large‐rate discharge. On this basis, a variety of discharge conditions are applied to test the applicability of the model, resulting in better results. Finally, with the continuous cycle‐pulse condition in the electromagnetic launch system, the stability and accuracy of the model are confirmed.
Real‐Time Drug Delivery System Tracked Through an Optical Microfiber: Supporting Interface of Metal‐Organic‐Framework
Authors: Sun Dandan , Xu Shaomin , Liu Shan , Fu Yongming , Yang Yukun , Ma Jie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEffective chemotherapy treatment for cancer patients remains an urgent issue due to the difficulty in precisely delivering drugs to the tumor site. Based on the pH‐responsive degradation characteristics of the zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF‐8), the optical fiber drug delivery system is proposed to achieve efficient drug loading and release. ZIF‐8 nanomaterial prepared by in‐situ synthesis technology is not only the protective shell of the drug (doxorubicin hydrochloride, DOX) but also as the analyte collector on the optical fiber, which monitors the process of nano‐scale drug loading and releases in real‐time because of the refractive index (RI) change caused by the interaction of light and DOX@ZIF‐8 films. The experimental results show that the successful loading and release of the drug are respectively calibrated by wavelength red‐shift (53 nm) and blue‐shift (43.42 nm) with a loading rate of 11.6%. The drug release process also achieved a faster response time. These observations indicate that the metal‐organic framework (MOF) material coated on optical fiber can retain the robust framework structure and demonstrate that the fiber‐based drug delivery platform has the advantages of fast response, high sensitivity, and good photophysical stability, which provides new insights for combination cancer therapy and precise treatment.
Biomarkers of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children by urine metabolomics based on Q Exactive liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Jing , Fu Yunhua , Jing Wei , Li Jie , Wang Xin , Chen Jialing , Sun Shuxin , Yue Hao , Dai Yulin 
Published: December 2021

RationaleMycoplasma pneumoniae has become one of the common pathogens causing pediatric respiratory infections. In clinical diagnosis, throat swabs are very difficult to obtain from children, and there is a possibility of false positive results; hence, there are few clinically available diagnostic methods.MethodsIn this study, Q Exactive liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze the metabolites in the urine of healthy children (HC) and M. pneumoniae pneumonia in children (MPPC) patients. A multivariate statistical analysis was performed to screen the differential metabolites. Based on the HMDB and KEGG, the possible metabolic pathways subject to biological alteration were identified.ResultsCompared with HC, 73 different metabolites in MPPC patients disrupted nine metabolic pathways through different change trends; after integrating various parameters, 20 significantly different metabolites were identified as MPPC potential biomarkers. Through the above two analysis modes, acetylphosphate and 2,5‐dioxopentanoate were both screened out and used as potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of MPPC for the first time.ConclusionsThe characterization of 20 potential biomarkers provides a scientific basis for predicting and diagnosing MPPC. This article further indicates that urine metabolic profiling has great potential in diagnosing MPPC and can effectively prevent the disease from causing further deterioration.
Impact of COVID‐19 on Early Literacy Instruction for Emergent Bilinguals
Authors: Crosson Amy C. , Silverman Rebecca D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe investigated teachers’ perspectives on how literacy instruction for bilingual children changed due to the shift to remote instruction during COVID‐19. Fifty K‐2 public school teachers from 10 states submitted smartphone‐based diary entries about their day‐to‐day literacy instructional practices before versus during COVID‐19. Teachers reported implementing less literacy instruction in general. The smallest declines were seen in code‐focused, foundational skills, while the largest declines were in language‐focused practices such as extended writing, vocabulary knowledge, and reading comprehension strategies. We analyzed teachers’ responses to identify factors that influenced their adaptations. Implications for areas of literacy development in need of immediate, intensive attention in the aftermath of COVID‐19 are addressed.
Parenting in a Pandemic: Parental stress, anxiety and depression among parents during the government‐initiated physical distancing measures following the first wave of COVID‐19
Authors: Johnson Miriam S. , Skjerdingstad Nora , Ebrahimi Omid V. , Hoffart Asle , Johnson Sverre Urnes 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDrawing on the tenets of family stress theory, the aim of this study is to examine parents' perceived stress, symptoms of anxiety, depression, and associated risk‐ and protective factors across demographic subgroups during in the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Norwegian parents (N = 2868; 79.5% mothers) with >1 child under 18 years of age completed an online survey two weeks after the implementation of government‐initiated distancing measures. The survey includes measures of COVID‐related risk factors (parental stress, burnout, depression, anxiety, anger of parents towards children, difficulty working from home, and positive beliefs about worry) and protective factors (self‐efficacy and social support). Mothers, parents living with more than one child, and parents with a psychiatric diagnosis reported greater levels of parental stress, more burnout, and more anger towards their children, as well as less social support. Almost 25% of the parents reported anxiety and depression that are clinically significant. Parents who followed distancing measures reported significantly higher distress. Anger of parents towards children explains 41% of the variation in parental stress. These findings indicate that parents have experienced symptoms of deteriorated mental health due to the COVID‐ 19 pandemic, including parental stress, anxiety, and depression. The study presents practical implications for meso‐ and macro‐level policymaking and offers support to further the potential aims of public health and clinical interventions. Future studies to monitor long‐term aversive mental health outcomes among parents are warranted.
Lithium Vacancy‐Tuned [CuO4] Sites for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products
Authors: Peng Chen , Zhu Xiaorong , Xu Zikai , Yan Shuai , Chang Lo Yueh , Wang Zhiqiang , Zhang Junbo , Chen Menghuan , Sham Tsun‐Kong , Li Yafei , Zheng Gengfeng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractElectrochemical CO2 reduction to valuable multi‐carbon (C2+) products is attractive but with poor selectivity and activity due to the low‐efficient CC coupling. Herein, a lithium vacancy‐tuned Li2CuO2 with square‐planar [CuO4] layers is developed via an electrochemical delithiation strategy. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the lithium vacancies (VLi) lead to a shorter distance between adjacent [CuO4] layers and reduce the coordination number of Li+ around each Cu, featuring with a lower energy barrier for COCO coupling than pristine Li2CuO2 without VLi. With the VLi percentage of ≈1.6%, the Li2−xCuO2 catalyst exhibits a high Faradaic efficiency of 90.6 ± 7.6% for C2+ at −0.85 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode without iR correction, and an outstanding partial current density of −706 ± 32 mA cm−2. This work suggests an attractive approach to create controllable alkali metal vacancy‐tuned Cu catalytic sites toward C2+ products in electrochemical CO2 reduction.