bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anaemia, overweight and abdominal obesity in mothers and children are associated with the food environment in socially vulnerable areas of a northeastern Brazilian capital
Authors: Silva‐Neto Luiz Gonzaga Ribeiro , Borges Camila Aparecida , Bueno Nassib Bezerra , dos Santos Thays Lane Ferreira , de Menezes Risia Cristina Egito , de Menezes Toledo Florêncio Telma Maria 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the association between community and consumer food environment (FE) measures and anaemia, overweight and abdominal obesity in mother–child dyads living in situations of social vulnerability. A cross‐sectional study was carried out in 40 favelas in a capital city in the northeast of Brazil. The sample consisted of 1882 women and 665 children aged under 5 years. The community FE was assessed using a scale of perception of the availability of healthy food in the neighbourhood. Consumer FE was assessed by auditing 624 retail food stores using the AUDITNOVA instrument. This investigated various aspects of the food environment and evaluated the availability of 18 ultra‐processed foods (UPF) most consumed by the Brazilian population available in these stores. The presence of overweight was assessed by measuring the weight and height of the mother and the child, and abdominal obesity was assessed by measuring the mother's waist circumference. The presence of anaemia in the mother and the child was assessed by measuring haemoglobin. Adjusted multilevel regression models were used to verify associations between the FE and malnutrition in mother–child dyads. Low perception of community FE was associated with higher risk of women being overweight (OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.05–1.73) and abdominally obese (OR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.04–1.84); low health scores in food shops were associated with higher risk of abdominal obesity (OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.01–1.79) and anaemia (OR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.02–1.98) in women and overweight in children (OR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.05–2.73); and the high availability of UPF in retail shops was associated with increased odds of overweight (OR: 2.64; 95% CI: 1.61–4.33) and anaemia (OR: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.38–3.02) in children by 164% and 111%, respectively. It was observed that less healthy food environments are associated with greater chances of anaemia, overweight and abdominal obesity in mothers and children under 5 years in situations of social vulnerability in Brazil.
Physcomitrium LATERAL SUPPRESSOR genes promote formative cell divisions to produce germ cell lineages in both male and female gametangia
Authors: Horiuchi Yuta , Umakawa Naoyuki , Otani Rina , Tamada Yosuke , Kosetsu Ken , Hiwatashi Yuji , Wakisaka Rena , Yoshida Saiko , Murata Takashi , Hasebe Mitsuyasu , Ishikawa Masaki , Kofuji Rumiko 
Published: December 2024

Summary
The evolution of green plants from aquatic to terrestrial environments is thought to have been facilitated by the acquisition of gametangia, specialized multicellular organs housing gametes. Antheridia and archegonia, responsible for producing and protecting sperm and egg cells, undergo formative cell divisions to produce a cell to differentiate into germ cell lineages and the other cell to give rise to surrounding structures. However, the genes governing this process remain unidentified.
We isolated genes expressed during gametangia development from previously established gene‐trap lines of Physcomitrium patens and characterized their function during gametangia formation.
We identified P. patens LATERAL SUPPRESSOR 1 (PpLAS1) from the gene‐trap library, encoding a GRAS transcription factor. The double‐deletion mutant with its paralog PpLAS2 failed to form inner cells in both gametangia. PpLASs are expressed in cells undergoing formative cell division, and introducing PpLAS1 into the double‐deletion mutant successfully rescued the phenotype.
These findings underscore the pivotal role of PpLASs in regulating formative cell divisions, ensuring the separation of reproductive cell lineages from surrounding cells in antheridia and archegonia. Furthermore, they suggest a link between PpLASs and the evolutionary origin of male and female gametangia in the common ancestor of land plants.
Non‐smoking and Non‐drinking Oral Cancer Patients Are at Higher Risk of Second Primary Tumours
Authors: van der Aa Pepijn J. P. , Witjes Max J. H. , van der Vegt Bert , Schuuring Ed , Boeve Koos , Sidorenkov Grigory , de Bock Geertruida H. , de Visscher Sebastiaan A. H. J. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis study aimed to explore differences in demographics, tumour characteristics and outcomes in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients with a history of non‐smoking, non‐drinking (NSND) versus smoking and/or drinking (SD).Materials and MethodsNewly diagnosed OSCC patients undergoing curative surgical treatment were prospectively included in OncoLifeS, a data biobank. Cox regression analysis was performed yielding hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs).Results185 patients were included, and 32.4% of patients were NSND; this group represented an older (69 vs. 64.4 years, p < 0.01) and more female‐dominated (66.7% vs. 44.5%, p = 0.02) population. NSND patients had more tongue tumours (68.3% vs. 46.4%, p < 0.01) and few floor‐of‐mouth tumours (1.7% vs. 20.0%, p < 0.01). Locoregional recurrence, overall survival and disease‐specific survival risk were similar between the NSND and SD patients. NSND patients had a higher second primary tumour risk compared to SD patients in the multivariable analysis (adjusted HR 3.92, 1.23–12.48, p = 0.02).ConclusionNSND patients with OSCC have a distinct clinicopathological profile compared to SD patients, with a higher risk of second primary tumours after treatment. These differences in risk profiles should be considered in future OSCC management strategies.
Metabolic Analysis of Tumor Cells Within Ameloblastoma at the Single‐Cell Level
Authors: Li Rui‐Fang , Zhao Yi , Man Qi‐Wen 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundTo meet their high energy needs, tumor cells undergo aberrant metabolic reprogramming. A tumor cell may expertly modify its metabolic pathways and the differential expression of the genes for metabolic enzymes. The physiological requirements of the host tissue and the tumor cell of origin mostly dictate metabolic adaptation. Ameloblastoma (AB) is a benign odontogenic tumor of epithelial origin. Due to its unrestricted growth potential, local aggressiveness, and high likelihood of recurrence, this condition poses a significant risk to the patient's health. This study aimed to characterize the metabolic heterogeneity at single‐cell resolution of AB.MethodsSingle‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) was performed on 17,284 cells from three AB donors. Bioinformatic analysis was used to examine differentially expressed genes, subtypes, and regulatory mechanisms when combined with odontogenic keratocyst scRNA‐seq data. Based on metabolic pathway gene sets, the metabolic landscape of AB tumor cells was examined.ResultsUsing scRNA‐seq, we discovered that AB tumor cells had substantial heterogeneity. The biggest contributor to tumor cell metabolic characteristics is determined to be variation in mitochondrial programming and glycolysis. Surprisingly, hypoxia corresponds with both oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis activity in AB tumor cells at the single‐cell level.ConclusionThis study presents a computational framework for defining metabolism using single‐cell expression data and identifies oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis as critical components of metabolism for AB tumor cells.
Zymosan‐Treated SKG Mice: Assessing Effects of Systemic Inflammation on the Temporomandibular Joint
Authors: Uryu Kaito , Kakei Yasumasa , Sendo Sho , Goto Ikuko , Akashi Kengo , Nishimura Keisuke , Shirai Tatsuya , Hirota Junya , Takeda Daisuke , Shigeoka Manabu , Kimoto Akira , Hasegawa Takumi , Saegusa Jun , Akashi Masaya 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe effects of systemic inflammation on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) are poorly understood. This study aimed to establish a mouse model to study the effects of systemic inflammation on the TMJ.Materials and MethodsSKG mice, a BALB/c strain with spontaneous onset of rheumatoid arthritis‐like symptoms due to a spontaneous point mutation (W163C) in the gene encoding the SH2 domain of ZAP‐70, were treated with zymosan (β‐1,3‐glucan). Synovitis, bone erosion, and cartilage damage in the TMJ were evaluated using established scores for animal models of inflammatory arthritis. Myeloperoxidase‐positive areas and numbers of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)‐positive cells were compared between naive and zymosan‐treated SKG mice. Correlations between TMJ inflammation scores and clinical scores for extremities were also assessed.ResultsThere were significant differences in TMJ inflammation scores, including synovitis, bone erosion, and cartilage damage, between naive and high‐dose zymosan‐treated mice. There were significant differences in myeloperoxidase‐positive areas and numbers of TRAP‐positive cells between naive and zymosan‐treated mice. There were significant correlations between TMJ inflammation scores and clinical scores for extremities.ConclusionsSystemic administration of zymosan efficiently induces TMJ inflammation in SKG mice. Zymosan‐treated SKG mice offer a useful tool to investigate the effects of systemic inflammation on the TMJ.
Infant With Beckwith–Wiedemann Requiring Transplant for Hepatic Mesenchymal Hamartoma
Authors: Brownfield Mia N. , Adeyemi Adebowale , Tumolo Nicole , Baker Laura , Corao‐Uribe Diana , Dunn Stephen , Shah Ashesh P. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundLiver transplantation for unresectable, benign hepatic lesions is rare. Hepatic mesenchymal hamartomas (HMH) are benign, cystic tumors that arise mostly in pediatric populations and can cause compressive symptoms. HMH is rarely associated with placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) and Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS). Treatment is complete excision due to the risk of rapid growth, recurrence, and malignant transformation. Very rarely is HMH so diffuse that transplantation is required.MethodsWe present the first case of a patient with BWS, HMH, and a history of PMD who underwent a transplant. This is also incidentally the third case of a pediatric patient with a myxoid adrenocortical adenoma (MACA).ResultsOur patient with HMH, MACA, chronic respiratory distress secondary to tracheobronchomalacia and abdominal competition from hepatomegaly, and nasojejunal (NJ) tube dependence successfully underwent orthotopic whole liver transplantation at 7 months of age. She had one episode of acute cellular rejection, but otherwise recovered well. Despite negative molecular testing for BWS in peripheral blood, additional analysis on the explanted liver was consistent with a diagnosis of mosaic BWS. At a 14‐month follow‐up, she continues to do well with improvement in growth.ConclusionsTransplantation is an effective treatment option for patients with unresectable HMH. Our case highlights this and introduces a possible underlying association between HMH, PMD, and BWS.
Exploring the Potential for Educational Anti‐Racism and Automated Decision‐Making Theories to Bolster the Efficacy of Using Body‐Worn Cameras to Mitigate Racially Biased Police Behavior
Authors: McDonald Sheldon 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDespite the numerous intervention efforts that have been made both at the federal and state levels, racially biased policing remains a significant issue that disproportionately affects people of color. One of the most used intervention strategies has been associated with the implementation of body‐worn cameras by police. When initially implemented, it was anticipated that the accountability and transparency associated with their use would have significantly curtailed instances of racially biased policing. However, recent research has not shown consistently positive results that were expected. To improve the effectiveness of body‐worn camera usage in racially biased policing intervention, a conceptual model is proposed which is informed by research‐based anti‐racism educational theories that have been shown to stem racial bias in schools. Further supported by criminal justice automated decision‐making research, the proposed model recommends a conceptual real‐time auditing framework that, if integrated into body‐worn camera technology, can more effectively resist racially biased policing in the United States.
Outcomes of massive transfusion recipients administered ABO‐incompatible fresh frozen plasma
Authors: Loh Joanna Bao‐Ern , Wellard Cameron , Haysom Helen E. , Sparrow Rosemary L. , Wood Erica M. , McQuilten Zoe K. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe provision of ABO‐incompatible fresh frozen plasma (FFP) in massive transfusion (MT) has become accepted to conserve AB FFP stock. There is an evidence gap in non‐trauma settings. We compare characteristics of patients who received ABO‐compatible or ABO‐incompatible FFP during an MT episode due to any cause of critical bleeding, and assess the impact of incompatible FFP transfusion on inhospital mortality.MethodsUsing the Australian and New Zealand Massive Transfusion Registry, data were extracted for patients aged ≥18 years who received an MT (defined as ≥5 red cell units in 4 h) between April 2011 and October 2018. Incompatible FFP was defined as transfusion of ≥1 unit of FFP with a bidirectional or minor ABO‐mismatch in the first 24 h from MT initiation.ResultsA total of 7340 patients from 28 hospitals were included. Seventy‐seven (1%) patients received incompatible FFP (26 trauma, 51 non‐trauma). Those who had incompatible FFP received a median of seven units of FFP, compared to those who only received compatible FFP receiving five units, p = .005. A total of 226 units of incompatible FFP were provided overall. Incompatible FFP provision was not independently associated with inhospital mortality in MT (HR of 1.40 [95% CI 0.84–2.26, p = .2]). Variables independently associated with inhospital mortality included increased FFP volume in the first 24 h, age, Charlson Comorbidity Index score, and lower pre‐transfusion fibrinogen and peri‐transfusion pH values.ConclusionTransfusion of incompatible FFP in MT in our cohort was not independently associated with higher inhospital mortality, although the number of patients who received incompatible FFP was small.
An α7 nicotinic and GABAB receptor‐mediated pathway controls acetylcholine release in the tripartite neuromuscular junction
Authors: Petrov Konstantin , Lenina Oksana , Leroy Jacqueline , Bernard Véronique , Germain Thibaut , Truong Charles , Nurullin Leniz , Sibgatullina Guzel , Ohno Kinji , Samigullin Dmitry , Krejci Eric 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTerminal Schwann cells (TSCs) are capable of regulating acetylcholine (ACh) release at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). We have identified GABA as a gliotransmitter at mouse NMJs. When ACh activates α7 nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChRs) on TSCs, GABA is released and activates GABAB receptors on the nerve terminal that subsequently reduce ACh release. Indeed, specific deletion of the α7 nAChR in TSCs or inhibition of the metabotropic GABAB receptor prevents the reduction in the quantal content of the end‐plate potential induced by cholinesterase inhibitors. The α7/GABAB receptor‐mediated pathway is activated when ACh that escapes from collagen Q (ColQ) anchored AChE in the synaptic cleft and from PRiMA‐anchored butyrylcholinesterase on the TSC activates α7 nAChRs on the TSC. Consequently, prolonged tetanic stimulation of isolated muscle activates the α7/GABAB receptor pathway, which reduces post‐tetanic ACh release. When AChE levels are low in neonatal mice, the α7/GABAB receptor‐mediated pathway decreases ACh release and reduces ex vivo muscle fatigue. For ColQ‐deficient mice where AChE is not clustered, the decrease in AСh release following activation of this pathway contributes to mouse fatigue in vivo.
imageKey points
Acetylcholine (ACh) released from the nerve terminal at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) can activate α7 nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) on terminal Schwann cells, releasing gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) that activates metabotropic GABAB receptors on the nerve terminal which then reduces further ACh release from the nerve.
At the mature NMJ, before reaching α7 nAChRs on terminal Schwann cells ACh is normally hydrolyzed by AChE clustered in the synaptic cleft and by BChE anchored to the TSC.
ACh can activate the α7/GABAB receptor‐mediated pathway and depress subsequent ACh release when AChE at the NMJ is low, either during development or in congenital myasthenic syndrome. In the latter case, this pathway contributes to muscle fatigue.
Lactose-assimilating yeasts with high fatty acid accumulation uncovered by untargeted bioprospecting
Authors: Persson Karl , Onyema Vanessa O. , Nwafor Ijeoma Princess , Peri Kameshwara V. R. , Otti Chika , Nnaemeka Priscilla , Onyishi Chioma , Okoye Sylvia , Moneke Anene , Amadi Onyetugo , Warringer Jonas , Geijer Cecilia 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Bioprospecting can uncover new yeast strains and species with interesting ecological characteristics and valuable biotechnological traits, such as the capacity to convert different carbon sources from industrial side and waste streams into bioproducts. In this study, we conducted untargeted yeast bioprospecting in tropical West Africa, collecting 1,996 isolates and determining their growth in 70 different environments. While the collection contains numerous isolates with the potential to assimilate several cost-effective and sustainable carbon and nitrogen sources, we focused on characterizing the 203 strains capable of growing on lactose, the main carbon source in the abundant side stream cheese whey from dairy industries. Through internal transcribed spacer sequencing of the lactose-assimilating strains, we identified 30 different yeast species from both the
Ascomycota
and
Basidiomycota
phyla, of which several have not previously been shown to grow on lactose, and some are candidates for new species. Observed differences in growth and ratios of intra- and extracellular lactase activities suggest that the yeasts use a range of different strategies to metabolize lactose. Notably, several basidiomycetous yeasts, including
Apiotrichum mycotoxinivorans
,
Papiliotrema laurentii
, and
Moesziomyces antarcticus
, accumulated lipids up to 40% of their cell dry weight, proving that they can convert lactose into a bioproduct of significant biotechnology interest.

IMPORTANCE
This study paves the way to a better understanding of the natural yeast biodiversity in the largely under-sampled biodiversity hotspot area of tropical West Africa. Our discovery of several yeasts capable of efficiently converting lactose into lipids underscores the value of bioprospecting to identify yeast strains with significant biotechnological potential, which can aid the transition to a circular bioeconomy. Furthermore, the extensive strain collection gathered will facilitate future screening and the development of new cell factories.
Bacillus safensis
APC 4099 has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against both bacteria and fungi and produces several antimicrobial peptides, including the novel circular bacteriocin safencin E
Authors: Kamilari E. , O'Connor P. M. , Farias F. Miceli de , Johnson C. N. , Buttimer C. , Deliephan A. , Hill D. , Fursenko O. , Wiese J. , Stanton C. , Hill C. , Ross R. P. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Bacillus safensis
APC 4099, isolated from bees’ gut, has been identified as a promising candidate for food biopreservation. Antimicrobial activity screening revealed a broad-spectrum inhibition potential, ranging from gram-positive pathogenic bacteria to fungi responsible for food spoilage. Genomic analysis identified biosynthetic gene clusters coding for several antimicrobial peptides and secondary metabolites. Specifically, a novel, anionic, 6 kDa circular bacteriocin, named safencin E, was detected, showing 52.5% similarity to butyrivibriocin AR10. Additionally, gene clusters coding for the biosynthesis of bacteriocins such as pumilarin and plantazolicin and biosynthetic pathways for secondary metabolites, including pumilacidin A, bacilysin, and bacillibactin, were identified. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry analysis detected molecular masses correlating to safencin E, plantazolicin, pumilarin, and pumilacidin A from the cell-free supernatant, cell extracts, or both. Overall, the broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of
B. safensis
APC 4099 indicates that this strain is a promising candidate for the biological control of food ecosystems and thus has the potential to enhance food safety.

IMPORTANCE

The present article highlights the importance of the strain
Bacillus safensis
APC 4099 as a potential biocontrol agent. The strain possesses biosynthetic gene clusters coding for various antimicrobial peptides and secondary metabolites, including a novel circular bacteriocin, safencin E, and the bacteriocins pumilarin and plantazolicin. This diversity in the production of antimicrobial peptides renders the producer with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, ranging from gram-positive pathogenic and spoilage bacteria to spoilage molds. Considering that 1.3 billion tons of food appropriate for human consumption is lost or wasted annually, identifying strains or novel antimicrobial peptides capable of biopreservation is highly relevant. This strain and its bioactive compounds offer a solution to this global problem as biocontrol agents for food ecosystems against spoilage and pathogenic microbes.
RecA deletion disrupts protein homeostasis, leading to deamidation, oxidation, and impaired glycolysis in
Cronobacter sakazakii
Authors: Lu Ping , Xue Juan , Ji Xuemeng 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Cronobacter sakazakii
is a foodborne pathogen linked to severe infections in infants and often associated with contaminated powdered infant formula. The RecA protein, a key player in DNA repair and recombination, also influences bacterial resilience and virulence. This study investigated the impact of
recA
deletion on the pathogenicity and environmental stress tolerance of
C. sakazakii
BAA-894. A
recA
knockout mutant displayed impaired growth, desiccation tolerance, and biofilm formation. In a rat model, the mutant demonstrated significantly reduced virulence evidenced by higher host survival rates and lower bacterial loads in blood and tissues compared to the wild-type strain. Proteomic analysis revealed extensive disruptions in protein expression, particularly downregulation of carbohydrate metabolism and respiration-related proteins, alongside increased protein deamidation and oxidation. Functional assays identified fructose-bisphosphate aldolase as a target of oxidative and deamidative damage, resulting in reduced enzymatic activity and glycolytic disruption. These findings highlight the critical role of RecA in maintaining protein homeostasis, environmental resilience, and pathogenicity in
C. sakazakii
, providing valuable insights for developing targeted interventions against this pathogen.

IMPORTANCE

Cronobacter sakazakii
poses significant risks due to its ability to persist in low-moisture environments and cause severe neonatal infections. This study identifies RecA as a key factor in environmental resilience and virulence, making it a promising target for mitigating infections and contamination. Inhibiting RecA function could sensitize
C. sakazakii
to stress during production and sterilization processes, reducing its persistence in powdered infant formula. Future research on RecA-specific inhibitors may lead to innovative strategies for enhancing food safety and preventing infections caused by this pathogen.