bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of research on contagious ovine digital dermatitis on the knowledge and practices of UK sheep farmers and veterinarians
Authors: Duncan Jennifer S. , Angell Joseph W. , Grove‐White Dai , Walsh Tessa R. , Seechurn Nicola , Carter Stuart , Evans Nicolas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground: Contagious ovine digital dermatitis (CODD) is a common foot disease of sheep which causes a severe form of lameness and can be difficult to control. Recent research has provided evidence‐based guidance on diagnosis, treatment and farm management control. The aim of this study was to determine the uptake of this guidance on the knowledge and practices of UK sheep farmers and veterinarians and identify priorities for future research.Methods: Data were collected in 2019–2020 by electronic surveys of UK sheep veterinarians and farmers distributed through sheep industry organisations and social media.Results: Two hundred eight‐four sheep farmers and 77 veterinarians responded to the surveys. Fifty‐two per cent of farmers and 70% of vets considered that their management of CODD had improved as a direct result of recent research evidence on the disease. The principle areas improved for both sectors were biosecurity advice and use of antibiotic treatments. Farmers and veterinarians reported that the priorities for future research should be in therapeutics, vaccine development and the understanding of disease transmission.Conclusion: There has been strong uptake of recent evidence‐based veterinary medicine by farmers and veterinarians for the management of CODD, particularly in the areas of biosecurity and responsible antibiotic use.
A systematic review on the effect of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) on improvement of biological and fertility indices of sperm in laboratory animals, poultry and humans
Authors: Gholami‐Ahangaran Majid , Karimi‐Dehkordi Maryam , Akbari Javar Arefeh , Haj Salehi Maziar , Ostadpoor Mehrdad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere is an evidence that ginger enhance semen quality via improving different sperm parameters mainly count, viability, motility, morphology and DNA integrity. According to research results in various species, ginger seems to have strong antioxidant properties (due to the presence of active phenolic compounds) and androgenic activity. Ginger improves semen quality and increases fertility of sperm by disrupting the production of free radicals, dissolving oxidative chain reactions, reducing oxidative stress and altering the levels of gonadotropin hormones (LH, FSH) and sex hormones (such as testosterone). The antioxidant and androgenic properties of ginger give a sperm with normal morphological structure (head, middle and tail) and more integrated chromatin. The rate of DNA failure and damage to the mitochondrial genome in these cells is minimal and they have the most progressive motility, the highest viability and the best fertility. Therefore, the use of the ginger significantly improves the biological parameters of sperm (number, total motility, survival rate and normal morphology) and also increases all specialized fertility indicators of sperm. Tacking account of lacking literature and possibility of toxicity and adverse effect of ginger on vital organ, further clinical trial especially on evaluating the safety and clinical effect must be considered. Also, dose and duration of consumption by monitoring of health indicators and biochemical changes in all species such as human, animal and poultry must be applied.
Incidence and treatment of hand and wrist injuries in Dutch emergency departments
Authors: van Leerdam Roderick H. , Krijnen Pieta , Panneman Martien J. , Schipper Inger B. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiology, treatment and costs of hand and wrist injuries presenting to the Dutch ED. With increasing medical costs and crowding of emergency departments (ED), a more detailed description of emergency department attendance of hand and wrist injuries and their treatment may help to facilitate more adequate allocation of health care services.

Methods
The Dutch Injury Surveillance System obtained a total of 160,250 hand and wrist injuries. Patient characteristics, incidence rates, type of injury, treatment, and costs were described.

Results
The incidence of hand and wrist injuries in the Netherlands in 2016 was 11 per 1000 in males and 8 per 1000 in females. This is about 25% of all injuries presented at the ED. Of all hand injuries, only 3% was directly admitted to the hospital or received emergency surgery. Thirty percent did not need further treatment in the hospital.

Conclusion
The current data suggest that a substantial proportion of the hand and wrist injuries needed no subsequent specialized treatment. Although the severity of the injury could not be deduced from our data, the data suggest a ground for a more extensive role of primary health care (general) practitioners in the primary triage and treatment of hand and wrist injuries. This may reduce health care cost and help decongest the ED departments. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these preliminary conclusions.

Level of evidence
III.
Educational programmes for frail older people, their families, carers and healthcare professionals
Authors: Viggars Rachel J. , Finney Andrew , Panayiotou Barnabas 
Published: July 2021

Summary
Background
More people are living with frailty and requiring additional health and support services. To improve their management, the “Frailty: Core Capability Framework” in the United Kingdom recommends frailty education for older individuals, their families, carers and health professionals. We performed a systematic review of specific educational programmes for these groups.

Methods
Electronic databases were searched using dedicated search terms and inclusion criteria. To improve accuracy, two reviewers carried out the screening and selection of research papers. Information from included studies was collected using a tailored data extraction template, and quality appraisal tools were used to assess the rigour of the studies. The findings were analysed to identify key themes.

Results
A total of 11 studies met the criteria and were included in the review. The study populations ranged from 12 to 603 and the research designs were heterogeneous (6 qualitative; 2 randomised controlled trials; 1 quasi-experimental; 1 mixed methods; 1 cross-sectional study). Whilst some methodological shortcomings were identified, all studies contributed valuable information. The results underwent narrative synthesis, which elucidated four thematic domains: (1) accessibility of educational programmes, (2) empowerment, (3) self-care, and (4) health promotion (especially exercise and nutrition).

Conclusion
Educational programmes for older people, their carers and health professionals are important for effective frailty prevention and management. To be maximally beneficial, they should be easily accessible to all target populations and include empowerment, self-care and health promotion. Further research should explore the formulation of widely applicable, user-friendly programmes and delivery formats that can be tailored to different client groups.
Existence, uniqueness and regularity of the projection onto differentiable manifolds
Authors: Leobacher Gunther , Steinicke Alexander 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe investigate the maximal open domain $${\mathscr {E}}(M)$$

E
(
M
)

on which the orthogonal projection map p onto a subset $$M\subseteq {{\mathbb {R}}}^d$$

M
⊆

R

d

can be defined and study essential properties of p. We prove that if M is a $$C^1$$

C
1

submanifold of $${{\mathbb {R}}}^d$$

R

d

satisfying a Lipschitz condition on the tangent spaces, then $${\mathscr {E}}(M)$$

E
(
M
)

can be described by a lower semi-continuous function, named frontier function. We show that this frontier function is continuous if M is $$C^2$$

C
2

or if the topological skeleton of $$M^c$$

M
c

is closed and we provide an example showing that the frontier function need not be continuous in general. We demonstrate that, for a $$C^k$$

C
k

-submanifold M with $$k\ge 2$$

k
≥
2

, the projection map is $$C^{k-1}$$

C

k
-
1

on $${\mathscr {E}}(M)$$

E
(
M
)

, and we obtain a differentiation formula for the projection map which is used to discuss boundedness of its higher order differentials on tubular neighborhoods. A sufficient condition for the inclusion $$M\subseteq {\mathscr {E}}(M)$$

M
⊆
E
(
M
)

is that M is a $$C^1$$

C
1

submanifold whose tangent spaces satisfy a local Lipschitz condition. We prove in a new way that this condition is also necessary. More precisely, if M is a topological submanifold with $$M\subseteq {\mathscr {E}}(M)$$

M
⊆
E
(
M
)

, then M must be $$C^1$$

C
1

and its tangent spaces satisfy the same local Lipschitz condition. A final section is devoted to highlighting some relations between $${\mathscr {E}}(M)$$

E
(
M
)

and the topological skeleton of $$M^c$$

M
c

.
Blockchain technology’s impact on supply chain integration and sustainable supply chain performance: evidence from the automotive industry
Authors: Kamble Sachin S. , Gunasekaran Angappa , Subramanian Nachiappan , Ghadge Abhijeet , Belhadi Amine , Venkatesh Mani 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe study investigates the relationship between the information and communication-enabled supply chain integration (SCI) and sustainable supply chain performance (SSCP). Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, there is no empirical evidence on the impact of blockchain technologies (BT) on the SSCP. Therefore, the primary aim of this study is to assess the relationship between BT and SSCP. More specifically, the study was conducted to examine the direct influence of BT on SCI and SSCP and the interactive effect of BT and SCI on SSCP. Based on the dynamic capability theoretical lens, the present study conceptualizes the use of BT as a specific IT resource to collaborate and reconfigure the ties with the upstream and downstream supply chain members to achieve SSCP. The results of the study support the hypothesis stating that BT positively influences the SSCP. The results recognize the role of SCI as a significant mediating variable between the BT and SSCP. The result indicates the strong influence of SCI with full mediation effect on the relationship between the BT and SSCP.
Cyclic engagement of hysteretic steel dampers in braced buildings: a parametric investigation
Authors: Gandelli Emanuele , De Domenico Dario , Quaglini Virginio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHysteretic steel dampers have been effectively used to improve the seismic performance of framed buildings by confining the dissipation of seismic energy into sacrifical, replaceable devices which are not part of the gravity framing system. The number of cycles sustained by the dampers during the earthquake is a primary design parameter, since it can be associated to low-cycle fatigue, with ensuing degradation of the mechanical properties and potential failure of the system. Current standards, like e.g. the European code EN 15129, indeed prescribe, for the initial qualification and the production control of hysteretic steel dampers, cyclic tests in which the devices are assessed over ten cycles with amplitude equal to the seismic design displacement dbd. This paper presents a parametric study focused on the number of effective cycles of the damper during a design earthquake in order to assess the reliability of the testing procedure proposed by the standards. The study considers typical applications of hysteretic steel dampers in low and medium-rise steel and reinforced concrete framed buildings and different ductility requirements. The results point out that the cyclic engagement of the damper is primarily affected by the fundamental period of the braced building and the design spectrum, and that, depending on these parameters, the actual number of cycles can be substantially smaller or larger that recommended by the standards. A more refined criterion for establishing the number of cycles to be implemented in testing protocols is eventually formulated.
Erosive tooth wear inhibition by hybrid coatings with encapsulated fluoride and stannous ions
Authors: Bezerra Sávio José Cardoso , Viana Ítallo Emídio Lira , Aoki Idalina Vieira , Sobral Maria Angela Pita , Borges Alessandra Buhler , Hara Anderson T. , Scaramucci Taís 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to formulate a hybrid coating material (HC) and to modify this HC with fluoride (NaF) and stannous (SnCl2) ions, directly or encapsulated in nano containers, testing the effects of these materials against dental erosion and erosion–abrasion. Enamel and dentin specimens were treated with the HCs, and then tested in erosion or erosion–abrasion cycling models of 5 days (n = 10 for each substrate, for each model). Deionized water was the negative control, and a fluoride varnish, the positive control. Surface loss (SL, in µm) was evaluated with an optical profilometer, and data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). For enamel, in erosion, the positive control and HC without additives showed significantly lower SL than the negative control (p = 0.003 and p = 0.001). In erosion–abrasion, none of the groups differed from the negative control (p > 0.05). For dentin, in erosion, the positive control, HC without additives, HC with non-encapsulated F, and HC with encapsulated F + Sn showed lower SL than the negative control (p < 0.05). In erosion–abrasion, none of the groups differed significantly from the negative control (p < 0.05). HC without additives showed a promising potential for protecting the teeth against dental erosion (with upward trend for improved protection on dentin), but not against erosion–abrasion. The presence of additives did not improve the protective effect of the HC, on both substrates.
Species-Specific Induction of Plant Volatiles by Two Aphid Species in Apple: Real Time Measurement of Plant Emission and Attraction of Lacewings in the Wind Tunnel
Authors: Badra Zaid , Larsson Herrera Sebastian , Cappellin Luca , Biasioli Franco , Dekker Teun , Angeli Sergio , Tasin Marco 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUpon damage by herbivores, plants release herbivory-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs). To find their prey, the pest’s natural enemies need to be fine-tuned to the composition of these volatiles. Whereas standard methods can be used in the identification and quantitation of HIPVs, more recently introduced techniques such as PTR-ToF–MS provide temporal patterns of the volatile release and detect additional compounds. In this study, we compared the volatile profile of apple trees infested with two aphid species, the green apple aphid Aphis pomi, and the rosy apple aphid Dysaphis plantaginea, by CLSA-GC–MS complemented by PTR-ToF–MS. Compounds commonly released in conjunction with both species include nonanal, decanal, methyl salicylate, geranyl acetone, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, (Z)-3-hexenyl butanoate, (Z)-3-hexenyl 2-methyl-butanoate, (E)-β-caryophyllene, β-bourbonene and (Z)-3-hexenyl benzoate. In addition, benzaldehyde and (E)-β-farnesene were exclusively associated with A. pomi, whereas linalool, (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene were exclusively associated with D. plantaginea. PTR-ToF–MS additionally detected acetic acid (AA) and 2-phenylethanol (PET) in the blends of both trees attacked by aphid species. In the wind tunnel, the aphid predator, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens), responded strongly to a blend of AA and PET, much stronger than to AA or PET alone. The addition of common and species-specific HIPVs did not increase the response to the binary blend of AA and PET. In our setup, two host-associated volatiles AA + PET appeared sufficient in the attraction of C. carnea. Our results also show the importance of combining complementary methods to decipher the odor profile associated with plants under pest attack and identify behaviourally active components for predators.
Using landscape metrics to characterize towns along an urban-rural gradient
Authors: Kaminski Abigail , Bauer Dana Marie , Bell Kathleen P. , Loftin Cynthia S. , Nelson Erik J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Context
Urban-rural gradients are useful tools when examining the influence of human disturbances on ecological, social and coupled systems, yet the most commonly used gradient definitions are based on single broad measures such as housing density or percent forest cover that fail to capture landscape patterns important for conservation.

Objectives
We present an approach to defining urban–rural gradients that integrates multiple landscape pattern metrics related to ecosystem processes important for natural resources and wildlife sustainability.

Methods
We develop a set of land cover composition and configuration metrics and then use them as inputs to a cluster analysis process that, in addition to grouping towns with similar attributes, identifies exemplar towns for each group. We compare the outcome of the cluster-based urban-rural gradient typology to outcomes for four commonly-used rule-based typologies and discuss implications for resource management and conservation.

Results
The resulting cluster-based typology defines five town types (urban, suburban, exurban, rural, and agricultural) and notably identifies a bifurcation along the gradient distinguishing among rural forested and agricultural towns. Landscape patterns (e.g., core and islet forests) influence where individual towns fall along the gradient. Designations of town type differ substantially among the five different typologies, particularly along the middle of the gradient.

Conclusions
Understanding where a town occurs along the urban-rural gradient could aid local decision-makers in prioritizing and balancing between development and conservation scenarios. Variations in outcomes among the different urban-rural gradient typologies raise concerns that broad-measure classifications do not adequately account for important landscape patterns. We suggest future urban-rural gradient studies utilize more robust classification approaches.
High-Order Data-Driven Spatial Simulation of Categorical Variables
Authors: Minniakhmetov Ilnur , Dimitrakopoulos Roussos 
Published: July 2021

AbstractModern approaches for the spatial simulation of categorical variables are largely based on multi-point statistical methods, where a training image is used to derive complex spatial relationships using relevant patterns. In these approaches, simulated realizations are driven by the training image utilized, while the spatial statistics of the actual sample data are ignored. This paper presents a data-driven, high-order simulation approach based on the approximation of high-order spatial indicator moments. The high-order spatial statistics are expressed as functions of spatial distances that are similar to variogram models for two-point methods, while higher-order statistics are connected with lower-orders via boundary conditions. Using an advanced recursive B-spline approximation algorithm, the high-order statistics are reconstructed from the available data and are subsequently used for the construction of conditional distributions using Bayes’ rule. Random values are subsequently simulated for all unsampled grid nodes. The main advantages of the proposed technique are its ability to (a) simulate without a training image to reproduce the high-order statistics of the data, and (b) adapt the model’s complexity to the information available in the data. The practical intricacies and effectiveness of the proposed approach are demonstrated through applications at two copper deposits.
Empathy in patient care: from ‘Clinical Empathy’ to ‘Empathic Concern’
Authors: Guidi Clarissa , Traversa Chiara 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs empathy gains importance within academia, we propose this review as an attempt to bring clarity upon the diverse and widely debated definitions and conceptions of empathy within the medical field. In this paper, we first evaluate the limits of the Western mainstream medical culture and discuss the origins of phenomena such asdehumanizationanddetached concernas well as their impacts on patient care. We then pass on to a structured overview of the debate surrounding the notion of clinical empathy and its taxonomy in the medical setting. In particular, we present the dichotomous conception of clinical empathy that is articulated in the debate aroundcognitive empathyandaffective empathy. We thus consider the negative impacts that this categorization brings about. Finally, we advocate for a more encompassing, holistic conception of clinical empathy; one that gives value to a genuine interest in welcoming, acknowledging and responding to the emotions of those suffering. Following this line of reasoning, we advance the notion of ‘empathic concern’, a re-conceptualization of clinical empathy that finds its source in Halpern in Med Health Care Philos (2014) 17:301–311engaged curiosity. We ultimately advance Narrative Medicine as an approach to introduce, teach and promote such an attitude among medical trainees and practitioners.
Order continuity from a topological perspective
Authors: Hauser T. , Kalauch A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe study three types of order convergence and related concepts of order continuous maps in partially ordered sets, partially ordered abelian groups, and partially ordered vector spaces, respectively. An order topology is introduced such that in the latter two settings under mild conditions order continuity is a topological property. We present a generalisation of the Ogasawara theorem on the structure of the set of order continuous operators.
Human Capital Disparities and Earnings Inequality in The Portuguese Private Labour Market
Authors: Almeida Derick R. C. , Andrade João A. S. , Duarte Adelaide , Simões Marta 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper examines human capital inequality and how it relates to earnings inequality in Portugal using data from Quadros de Pessoal for the period 1986–2017. The objective is threefold: (i) show how the distribution of human capital has evolved over time; (ii) investigate the association between human capital inequality and earnings inequality; and (iii) analyse the role of returns to schooling, together with human capital inequality, in the explanation of earnings inequality. Our findings suggest that human capital inequality, computed based on the distribution of average years of schooling of employees working in the Portuguese private labour market, records a positive trend until 2007 and decreases from this year onwards, suggesting the existence of a Kuznets curve of education relating educational attainment levels and education inequality. Based on the decomposition of a Generalized Entropy index (Theil N) for earnings inequality, we observe that inequality in the distribution of human capital plays an important role in the explanation of earnings inequality, although this role has become less important over the last decade. Using Mincerian earnings regressions to estimate the returns to schooling together with the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition of real hourly earnings we confirm that there are two important forces associated with the observed decrease in earnings inequality: a reduction in education inequality and compressed returns to schooling, mainly in tertiary education.