bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facilitators/barriers to the implementation of public policies and strategies towards water security, Lao PDR
Authors: Sychareun Vanphanom , Thongmixay Souksamone , Vongxay Viengnakhone , Somphet Vathsana , Phommavong Chandavieng , Phommavongsa Phouthong , Phanthamala Singthong , Khongsab Somphone , Detchanthachack Khamthavisouk , Thongmala Vilakone , Durham Jo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Lao PDR's growing economy, urbanization, and changing lifestyles are putting pressure on water resources, necessitating effective water management for economic growth and population well-being. This qualitative study aimed to explore the facilitators and barriers to the implementation of water-related policies in Savannakhet and Champassak provinces both of which are considered vulnerable to reduced water security. Eighty-seven key informants (KIs) have been interviewed about the awareness of water policies/strategies and the facilitators/barriers to the implementation of water policy. Overall, KIs working at the national and provincial levels had a better understanding of existing policies compared with participants from the district officials. According to KIs, facilitators of the implementation of water policies were dissemination of the legislation and policies related to water security to the relevant ministries, departments and agencies, publicizing their obligations under these policies, and increasing community awareness and participation. Identified barriers were lack of technical capacity, infrastructure, and budget and coordination. Overall, these barriers were reported to contribute to a weak and somewhat fragmented approach to water security. Further effort is required to improve inter-agency collaboration and better resource the water resource sector.
Pathways of major ion chemistry and evaluation of contaminants in the River Ajay, India
Authors: Kumar Balwant , Padhy Pratap Kumar , Kumari Deepa , Singh Mohan Prasad , Goswami Shreerup , Singh Umesh Kumar 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Hydro-geochemical studies of water quality and identification of polluting agents present in the river system are important for the sustainable utilization of water resources. This study focuses on the evaluation and interpretation of major ion chemistry, hydro-geochemical processes, and the suitability of water quality in domestic and agricultural usage areas. The water quality parameters, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC) and NO3− have wide variations along the sampling sites. The river has Ca2+, Mg2+ and NO3− dominant ions. The chemistry of water is largely determined by rock weathering and ion exchange processes with low contribution from anthropogenic sources. The water of the Ajay River is not suitable for drinking and irrigation purposes due to high levels of TDS, EC, NO3−, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total coliform (TC) and fecal coliform (FC). Principal component analysis (PCA) suggests that rock weathering, atmospheric deposition and anthropogenic activities together influence the water quality/chemistry. The Water Quality Index (WQI) indicated that 78% of water falls under medium, 15.7% under bad and only 5.2% of water falls under good category. Thus, this study illustrates the identification of pollution sources and interpretation of the complex data of the Ajay River that will be helpful for river water quality management for this river in particular and other river systems of the globe in general.
Innovative pre-treatments for reverse osmosis to reclaim water from biotech and municipal wastewater for the industrial symbiosis in Kalundborg
Authors: Jährig Jeannette , Kleyböcker Anne , Kraus Fabian , Melchiorsen Line Rodenkam , Milter Hasse , Thisgaard Preben , Vredenbregt Leo , Miehe Ulf 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

The challenge of water reclamation using membranes in this study was the quite unique wastewater composition resulting from a high share of biotech wastewater. The high content of organic matter and high concentrations of calcium, bicarbonate, and sulphate were considered as challenging for membrane processes. Consequently, an innovative ultra-tight ultrafiltration (u-t UF) membrane was developed and tested on-site at pilot scale. In comparison, a conventional UF and an open nanofiltration (NF) were piloted. The aim was to find the best pre-treatment option for reverse osmosis (RO) to reduce fouling and scaling and produce fit-for-purpose water; for example, cooling. Overall, the quality of the currently used water source was surpassed by the pilot plant. Only a standard post-treatment of the RO permeate was necessary for stabilisation. Results indicated that denser membranes only minimally reduced fouling of RO. An assessment comparing the treatment trains in a life cycle assessment using the data collected from the pilot operation (UF/NF operating settings, RO plant performance, and the design of multi-stage industrial scale RO) revealed lower greenhouse gas emissions compared to seawater desalination. However, if RO brine needs to be treated, greenhouse gas emissions for water supply via wastewater reuse exceed other freshwater source.
Ternary micro-electrolysis filter media for efficient PFOA removal in water: synthesis, characterization, and performance study
Authors: Li Shuilian , Zhang Lishan , Zhong Shan , Zhu Jiayan , Wei Zengxian 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

This study reports the preparation of granular ternary micro-electrolysis materials and their effectiveness in removing the emerging contaminant PFOA. Al/nZVI/C@F granules were synthesized using a liquid-phase reduction method combined with high-temperature calcination. By comparing the removal of methylene blue dye by granules, the optimum preparation conditions were determined as follows:Fe:C = 5:1, fly ash = 50%, calcination temperature = 800 °C, and holding time = 1 h. Static batch experiments revealed that under optimal conditions (PFOA concentration = 25 mg/L, solid–liquid ratio = 30 g/L, pH = 3, reaction temperature = 15 °C), Al/nZVI/C@F achieved a PFOA removal rate of 97.83%. The removal efficiency of Al/nZVI/C@F (93.90%) was significantly higher than that of commercial iron-carbon (12.75%). After 45 days of dynamic column experiments, the removal efficiency of nZVI/C@F and Al/nZVI/C@F for PFOA (50 mg/L) remained above 60%, demonstrating strong practical application potential. Further adsorption–desorption experiments revealed that nZVI/C@F and Al/nZVI/C@F primarily removed 50 mg/L PFOA through adsorption. For a lower PFOA concentration of 0.5 mg/L, the defluorination rates were 53.2% for nZVI/C@F and 68.9% for Al/nZVI/C@F. High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze the intermediates formed during PFOA removal, leading to a proposed degradation pathway.
Synthetic Strategies to Substituted Chiral Furans: A Review
Authors: Mal Kanchan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract:
Themultifunctionalizedchiralfuran derivatives are importantbuilding blocks as many natural products
and bioactive compounds contain these scaffolds. The chiral furan derivatives also act as potent intermediates in
valuable synthetic transformations. Therefore, the development of facile methodologies for accessing the substituted
chiral furans from easily available precursors is a nintriguing topic in the field of organic chemistry. In
this review, several efficient strategies for the synthesis of substituted chiral furans have been discussed.
Amongst these, the functionalization of furan moieties, organocatalytic/enantioselective approaches, chemoenzymatic
kinetic resolution, and utilizations of carbohydrates as chiral pool precursors are of great importance.
Diverse Therapeutic Potentials of Hypericin: An In-Depth Review
Authors: Maurya Sandeep Kumar , Divakar Sheetal , Rathee Sunny , Patil Umesh Kumar 
Published: February 2025

Background:
This review is delving into determining the content and significance of
hypericin, a pharmacologically important constituent commonly known as St. John's Wort (SJW).
The paper explores the rich history of Hypericin's traditional use in alternative medicine and the
recent surge in scientific interest surrounding its bioactive properties.

Objective:
This review aims to comprehensively analyse the therapeutic potentials of hypericin,
focusing on its chemistry, extraction, sources, stability, pharmacokinetics, safety profile, and multifunctional
applications in drug and medicinal fields as well as advancements in Bioengineering
Approaches for Enhanced Hypericin Delivery.

Methods:
We performed a non-systematic search of journals. Literature using computerized methods
was conducted, utilizing databases such as Medline (PubMed), ChemSciFinder, China National
Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Scirus Library. To effectively identify the most important
and relevant research articles, scientific studies, clinical studies and review articles on hypericin
were searched using different keywords: “Hypericum”, “traditional use”, “phytochemistry”,
“pharmacology”, “drug delivery” and “bioactivity”. Thus, articles available from 1984 to 2024
were analyzed and collected. The selection process for the review primarily considered the originality
of the paper and its clinical applications.

Results:
Although hypericin is not a novel compound within the research community, it is gaining
renewed recognition and showing great effectiveness as a promising agent in the field of medical
diagnostics and has promising applications as a therapeutic.

Conclusion:
Here, our current comprehensive review of hypericin, its potential and its activities is
intended to contribute to this ongoing process actively. Overall, this review provided theoretical
direction for future hypericin research. Future studies should, therefore, focus further on the pharmacological
processes, pharmacokinetics, and chemistry of hypericin and hypericin-based drug
delivery systems. Our most recent overview of hypericin's functions and potentials is meant to aid
in this process.
A Comprehensive Review on the Antimicrobial Activity of the Genus Artemisia, Artemisinin, and its Derivatives
Authors: Sharma Kiran 
Published: February 2025

Abstract:
Artemisinin and its semisynthetic derivatives are a group of bioactive chemicals obtained
mostly from the extracts of Artemisia species that exert a significant amount of antimalarial
activity while remaining relatively safe and tolerable. However, their effectiveness is not limited to
malaria; it extends to a variety of human infectious diseases. Mostly the mode of action includes
the generation of free radicals by breaking the endoperoxide link in its molecular structure, which
facilitates the eradication of microbial species. Artemisinins are found to inhibit bacterial, viral,
protozoal, helminth, and fungal infections. Their derivatives, like artemisone, a reversible inhibitor,
target the viral replication cycle, and artesunate suppresses EBV infection by inhibiting the
production of early EBV proteins. They were also found to be highly effective against Helicobacter
pylori and Mycobacterium tuberculosis by generating peroxides in a time and concentrationdependent
way. Other derivatives, such as artesunate, artemether, and arteether, have also shown
antimicrobial activity that can be administered orally, rectally, intramuscularly, or intravenously.
This review aims to provide a complete update on the antimicrobial applications of Artemisinin
and its semi-synthetic derivatives, as well as derived dimers/trimers. The paper reflects a significant
potential for the discovery of novel Artemisinin medications that can be used as supplementary
treatments for various diseases. However, further translational and experimental research is
required for optimization and the establishment of pharmacokinetic profiles. In addition, health
authorities are also required to regulate the present Artemisinins and newly discovered derivatives
to ensure their long-term effectiveness in the worldwide fight against antibiotic resistance.
Ethnopharmacological Insights on Plumeria obtusa L.: A Comprehensive Review of its Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties
Authors: Salar Sapna , Singh Mhaveer , Yadav Dinesh Kumar , Kumar Vijay , Ekbbal Rustam , Kumar Santosh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract:
This extensive review paper explores the ethnopharmacological viewpoints of Plumeria
obtusa L., commonly referred to as "Frangipani," clarifying its complex phytochemistry and
range of pharmacological characteristics. Plumeria obtusa has a long history of ethnobotanical
uses and is widely used in traditional medicinal practices across many countries. Through a methodical
investigation of its phytochemical components, the review reveals a diverse range of bioactive
substances, such as phenolic compounds, alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids. The plant's
potential for medicinal use is greatly enhanced by these ingredients. There is a thorough discussion
of Plumeria obtusa’s pharmacological characteristics, including its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial,
antioxidant, and anticancer effects. Using information obtained from both current and
historic studies, the article offers a comprehensive overview of the plant's many therapeutic uses.
It also provides insights into the significance of using scientific research to validate traditional
applications, opening the door for Plumeria obtusa incorporation into contemporary healthcare
procedures. This paper focuses on Plumeria obtusa ethnomedical usage, describing its traditional
use in the treatment of a range of ailments. The study points out information gaps and recommends
future studies to explore its therapeutic and multi-mechanistic approaches. It also suggests
possible directions for clinical investigations. To sum up, this study provides a comprehensive
overview of Plumeria obtusa L. by combining ethnopharmacological ideas, phytochemical data,
and pharmacological discoveries. This plant presents itself as a good option for new medicinal
uses when conventional wisdom and scientific investigation are combined.
Evanescent Field-based Sensor Design Using Uniform Strips on SOI-based Slot Type of Waveguide for Brain Cancer Application
Authors: Jha Prachi , Chandra G. Charan , Avinash T. Venkat , Chandra Veer 
Published: February 2025

Introduction:
The slot type of photonic waveguide is commonly used in designing
sensors based on the evanescent field because of its high evanescent field characteristics.

Method:
In this study, we introduced multiple uniform strips to improve the performance of the
waveguide, aiming for a higher evanescent field ratio and reduced propagation loss to optimize the
effectiveness of the sensor. The inclusion of uniform strips enhances the overall capabilities of the
waveguide for evanescent field-based sensing applications.

objective:
This study aims to improve the evanescent field and sensitivity of slot waveguide structures while keeping propagation loss minimal. The research explores the potential applications of different slot waveguide configurations, particularly for sensors like the brain cancer sensor.

Result:
The investigation showed that the one-strip and three-strip design structures achieved
maximum evanescent field values of 0.43 and 0.38, respectively, indicating significant levels.
However, the three-strip design structure exhibited the minimum propagation loss, recorded at 9.1
dB/cm. Considering the variations in Evanescent Field Ratio (EFR) and propagation loss, the slot
waveguide with three strips emerges as a potentially optimal design structure.

Conclusion:
This conclusion is particularly relevant in the context of brain cancer applications,
where heightened sensitivity is crucial. Therefore, the three-strip configuration shows promise for
superior performance in detecting and addressing the complexities of brain cancer.
An LC-MS/MS Approach for the Identification of Degradation Products of Serdexmethylphenidate and Dexmethylphenidate and Elucidation of their Degradation Pathway
Authors: Gollu Gowri , Gummadi Sowjanya , Sahoo Santosh Kumar , Panda Jagadeesh 
Published: February 2025

Background/Objective:
A combination of serdexmethylphenidate and dexme-thylphenidate is used to treat attention deficiency hyperactivity disorder. A stability-indicating RP-HPLC method has been developed and reported in the literature. As there is no study on the degradation product identification, in this work, the degradation behavior of serdexmethylpheni-date and dexmethylphenidate was explored by subjecting combined dosage to the forced degrada-tion study by applying the developed RP-HPLC method. Further, plausible structures and frag-mentation patterns of all the degradation products were identified by the LC-MS/MS study.

Methods:
The forced degradation study was conducted by exposing the combined dosage form (Azstarys) as per International Council of Harmonization (ICH) guideline Q1A (R2). Using LC-MS/MS, MS spectra were obtained. Based on the m/z values and molecular formula, probable structures of degradation products were elucidated.

Results:
A total of 7 degradation products were detected, of which, 4 degradation products were formed from serdexmethylphenidate. The remaining 3 degradation products were formed from dexmethylphenidate. The possible structures and fragmentation patterns of all the degradation products were examined with the help of the LC-MS/MS study.

Conclusion:
As possible structures and fragmentation patterns were identified by the LC-MS/MS study, this method may help in the development of quality dosage forms, maintaining proper stor-age conditions, and also in impurity profiling studies.
The Utilization of Electronic Consultations (eConsults) to Address Emerging Questions Related to Long COVID-19 in Ontario, Canada: Mixed Methods Analysis
Authors: Singh Jatinderpreet , Quon Michael , Goulet Danica , Keely Erin , Liddy Clare 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Long COVID is an often debilitating condition affecting millions of people. Its diverse clinical presentations make effective diagnosis and management at the primary care level difficult, while specialist services for long COVID face extensive wait times. An electronic consultation (eConsult) program in Ontario developed a long COVID specialist group to allow primary care providers (PCPs) prompt access to specialist advice for patients with long COVID.

Objective
This study aims to assess patterns of service use, response times, impact, and clinical content of eConsult cases submitted to an eConsult long COVID specialist group in Ontario.

Methods
This study is a mixed methods analysis of eConsults submitted by PCPs to the long COVID specialist group of 2 eConsult services (Champlain eConsult BASE and Ontario eConsult) between June 1, 2021, and July 31, 2022. Data sources included the use data collected automatically by the services, responses to a mandatory closeout survey, and the content of PCP questions and specialist responses (Champlain eConsult BASE service only). Clinical questions or responses were analyzed using 2 validated taxonomies. Descriptive statistics were used for survey responses and use data.

Results
A total of 40 PCPs submitted 47 eConsults through Champlain eConsult BASE and 197 PCPs submitted 228 cases through Ontario eConsult. The median specialist response time was 0.6 (IQR 0.19-2.36; mean 1.7, SD 2.29) days. The 5 most common symptoms of long COVID were fatigue (14/47, 30%), dyspnea (7/47, 15%), cough (6/47, 13%), altered sense of smell (ie, anosmia and parosmia; 6/47, 13%), and cognitive changes (6/47, 13%). The five main question categories asked by PCPs were: (1) management of chronic symptoms of COVID-19, (2) need for additional work-up or follow-up testing, (3) community resources to support or manage patients with long COVID, (4) diagnostic clarification, and (5) guidance regarding COVID-19 vaccination.

Conclusions
The long COVID groups provided rapid access to a multispecialty service that facilitated the avoidance of unnecessary face-to-face referrals. An assessment of eConsults highlighted 5 common question types, providing insight into potential gaps in knowledge among PCPs that could help guide medical education and policy.
Development and Implementation of Strong Foundations, a Digitally Delivered Fall Prevention Program: Usability and Feasibility Pilot Exercise Cohort Study
Authors: Moran Ryan , Wing David , Davey Hope , Barkai Hava , Nichols Jeanne 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Falls remain a major public health problem and a significant cause of preventable injury. Maintaining strength and balance by staying active can prevent falls in older adults, and public health advocates support referral to community exercise programs. Given the growth in use and acceptance of technological interfaces, there remains an interest in understanding the role of a synchronous exercise program designed to improve strength, postural alignment, and balance specifically designed to be delivered in a digital environment with respect to usability and feasibility.

Objective
This study aims to design and implement a synchronously delivered digital fall prevention program to adults aged 60 years and older, to understand the usability, feasibility, and attendance.

Methods
The “Strong Foundations” program, a 12-week, live, digitally delivered fall-prevention exercise program was informed from different existing in-person exercises and piloted to older adults who were considered a low fall risk by scores of 4 or less from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC’s) Stopping Elderly Accidents and Deaths Initiative (STEADI) Staying Independent questionnaire. The System Usability Scale (SUS) measured usability and feasibility at the completion of this program, and digital measures of age-related function (timed up and go [TUG] and 30-second chair stand [30 CS]) were collected pre- and postintervention. Data were collected in 2021.

Results
A total of 39 older adults were recruited and 38 completed the 12-week program with an average age of 72 years. The average SUS was 80.6, with an 85% attendance rate and an 8.5 (out of 10) self-reported satisfaction score. Digitally collected TUG and 30 CS statistically improved pre- and postintervention by 9% and 24%, respectively; by week 12, 64% (23/36) of participants improved in the timed up and go and 91% (32/35) improved the chair stands.

Conclusion
There was excellent usability and acceptability for Strong Foundations, a novel fall-prevention program designed to be delivered digitally and promising improvement of objective measures of fall risk.