bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A closed ‘pop‐off’ valve and patient safety incident: A human factors approach to understanding error
Authors: Pang Jessica , Yates Elspeth , Pang Daniel S.J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA 3‐month‐old, 1.4 kg, female domestic short hair cat was scheduled for ovariohysterectomy surgery during a final‐year veterinary student clinical rotation. Shortly after transfer to the operating room (OR) and connection to the anaesthetic machine, signs consistent with high gas pressure build up in the anaesthetic breathing system were observed. Because a clear view of the anaesthetic machine was obscured, the cat was immediately disconnected from the breathing system and transferred to a different anaesthetic machine. Inspection of the OR anaesthetic machine revealed that the adjustable pressure limiting (APL) (‘pop‐off') valve was closed, despite completion of a machine checkout procedure at the start of the day. The valve was opened, the cat returned to the OR, and surgery completed. Recovery was uneventful. Investigation of the incident revealed several contributing factors leading to the APL valve being left closed.
Light-ray moments as endpoint contributions to modular Hamiltonians
Authors: Kabat Daniel , Lifschyt Gilad , Nguyen Phuc , Sarkar Debajyoti 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We consider excited states in a CFT, obtained by applying a weak unitary perturbation to the vacuum. The perturbation is generated by the integral of a local operator J(n) of modular weight n over a spacelike surface passing through x = 0. For |n| ≥ 2 the modular Hamiltonian associated with a division of space at x = 0 picks up an endpoint contribution, sensitive to the details of the perturbation (including the shape of the spacelike surface) at x = 0. The endpoint contribution is a sum of light-ray moments of the perturbing operator J(n) and its descendants. For perturbations on null planes only moments of J(n) itself contribute.
From the Strong Differential to Italian Domination in Graphs
Authors: Cabrera Martínez A. , Rodríguez-Velázquez J. A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGiven a graph G and a subset of vertices $$D\subseteq V(G)$$

D
⊆
V
(
G
)

, the external neighbourhood of D is defined as $$N_e(D)=\{u\in V(G){\setminus } D:\, N(u)\cap D\ne \varnothing \}$$

N
e

(
D
)

=

{
u
∈
V

(
G
)

\
D
:

N

(
u
)

∩
D
≠
∅
}

, where N(u) denotes the open neighbourhood of u. Now, given a subset $$D\subseteq V(G)$$

D
⊆
V
(
G
)

and a vertex $$v\in D$$

v
∈
D

, the external private neighbourhood of v with respect to D is defined to be $$\mathrm{epn}(v,D)=\{u\in V(G){\setminus } D: \, N(u)\cap D=\{v\}\}.$$

epn
(
v
,
D
)
=
{
u
∈
V
(
G
)
\
D
:

N
(
u
)
∩
D
=
{
v
}
}
.

The strong differential of a set $$D\subseteq V(G)$$

D
⊆
V
(
G
)

is defined as $$\partial _s(D)=|N_e(D)|-|D_w|,$$

∂
s

(
D
)

=
|

N
e

(
D
)

|
-
|

D
w

|
,

where $$D_w=\{v\in D:\, \mathrm{epn}(v,D)\ne \varnothing \}$$

D
w

=

{
v
∈
D
:

epn

(
v
,
D
)

≠
∅
}

. In this paper, we focus on the study of the strong differential of a graph, which is defined as $$\begin{aligned} \partial _s(G)=\max \{\partial _s(D):\, D\subseteq V(G)\}. \end{aligned}$$

∂
s

(
G
)

=
max

{

∂
s

(
D
)

:

D
⊆
V

(
G
)

}

.

Among other results, we obtain general bounds on $$\partial _s(G)$$

∂
s

(
G
)

and we prove a Gallai-type theorem, which states that $$\partial _s(G)+\gamma _{_I}(G)=\mathrm{n}(G)$$

∂
s

(
G
)

+

γ

I

(
G
)

=
n

(
G
)

, where $$\gamma _{_I}G)$$

γ

I

G
)

denotes the Italian domination number of G. Therefore, we can see the theory of strong differential in graphs as a new approach to the theory of Italian domination. One of the advantages of this approach is that it allows us to study the Italian domination number without the use of functions. As we can expect, we derive new results on the Italian domination number of a graph.
Efficacy and patient acceptability of the continence dish
Authors: Moore Kate H. , Allen Wendy , Parkin Katrina , Beaupeurt Fiona , Chan Chris , Chen Zhuoran 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
The continence dish has been a treatment option since 2002 for women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) who decline surgery, but few quantitative objective efficacy data are published. We aimed to determine the efficacy and acceptability of this device for pure SUI or mixed incontinence (MUI).

Methods
Prospective interventional cohort study of 100 women with SUI or stress-predominant MUI who were interested to use the device; International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ) was primary outcome measure; 24-h pad test and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ) were secondary outcomes. Acceptability was determined by device retention for 4 weeks, adverse events and ability to self-insert the device.

Results
Of 100 suitable women, 9 were not actually fitted, and 27 did not complete (acceptability: 64/100). The rate of adverse events was 7.7%, with 62.5% of users able to self-insert the device: 22 (34%) had pure SUI; 66% had MUI. In SUI, 68% were ‘dry’ on ICIQ median value 4.0 (IQR 2.5–8.5); 88% were dry on 24-h pad test (median 0.0, IQR 0.0–8.5). The “dry rate” was lower in MUI: 36% for ICIQ (median 9.0, IQR 5.0–15.0) and 62% for 24-h pad test (median 6.2, IQR 0.95–19.7). A “good” response on IIQ occurred in 88% of SUI and 69% of MUI.

Conclusion
These new data showing strong objective benefits of the continence dish should be further validated by randomized trials, but this information should be made available to women seeking treatment options for SUI/MUI (particularly in view of concerns regarding mesh mid-urethral slings).
Totally Ergodic Generalised Matrix Equilibrium States have the Bernoulli Property
Authors: Morris Ian D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe show that every totally ergodic generalised matrix equilibrium state is $$\psi $$
ψ
-mixing with respect to the natural partition into cylinders and hence is measurably isomorphic to a Bernoulli shift in its natural extension. This implies that the natural extensions of ergodic generalised matrix equilibrium states are measurably isomorphic to Bernoulli processes extended by finite rotations. This resolves a question of Gatzouras and Peres in the special case of self-affine repelling sets with generic translations.
Modelling of photosynthesis, respiration, and nutrient yield coefficients in Scenedemus almeriensis culture as a function of nitrogen and phosphorus
Authors: Zurano A. Sánchez , Serrano C. Gómez , Acién-Fernández F. G. , Fernández-Sevilla J. M. , Molina-Grima E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPhoto-respirometric tecniques are applied for evaluating photosynthetic activity in phototrophic organisms. These methods allow to evaluate photosynthetic response under different conditions. In this work, the influence of nutrient availability (nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate) on the photosynthesis and respiration of Scenedesmus almeriensis was studied using short photo-respirometric measurements. Both photosynthesis and respiration increasing until saturation value and consecutively diminishing, presenting inhibition by high concentrations. Regarding the influence of phosphorus concentration in microalgae cells, a similar hyperbolic trend was observed but no inhibition was observed at high concentration. Based on these experimental data, the respiration, and the photosynthesis rate of S. almeriensis were modelled using Haldane equation for nitrate and ammonium data, and Monod equation for phosphate data. In addition, experiments were performed to determine the yield coefficients for both nitrogen and phosphorus in S. almeriensis cultures. The data showed that the nitrogen and phosphorous coefficient yields are not constant, being modified as a function of nutrients concentration, presenting the luxury uptake phenomena. Finally, the proposed models were incorporated into a simulation tool to evaluate the photosynthetic activity and the nutrient yield coefficients of S. almeriensis when different culture media and wastewaters are used as a nitrogen and phosphorous source for its growth.Key points• Microalgal photosynthesis/respiration vary as a function of nutrients availability.• Photosynthesis inhibition appears at high N-NO3-and N-NH4+concentrations.• Nutrient yield coefficients are influenced by luxury uptake phenomenon.
Graphical abstract
Continuous-time stochastic processes for the spread of COVID-19 disease simulated via a Monte Carlo approach and comparison with deterministic models
Authors: Calleri Fabiana , Nastasi Giovanni , Romano Vittorio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTwo stochastic models are proposed to describe the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the first model the population is partitioned into four compartments: susceptible S, infected I, removed R and dead people D. In order to have a cross validation, a deterministic version of such a model is also devised which is represented by a system of ordinary differential equations with delays. In the second stochastic model two further compartments are added: the class A of asymptomatic individuals and the class L of isolated infected people. Effects such as social distancing measures are easily included and the consequences are analyzed. Numerical solutions are obtained with Monte Carlo simulations. Quantitative predictions are provided which can be useful for the evaluation of political measures, e.g. the obtained results suggest that strategies based on herd immunity are too risky. Finally, the models are calibrated on data referring to the second wave of infection in Italy.
The bi-objective multimodal car-sharing problem
Authors: Enzi Miriam , Parragh Sophie N. , Puchinger Jakob 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe aim of the bi-objective multimodal car-sharing problem (BiO-MMCP) is to determine the optimal mode of transport assignment for trips and to schedule the routes of available cars and users whilst minimizing cost and maximizing user satisfaction. We investigate the BiO-MMCP from a user-centred point of view. As user satisfaction is a crucial aspect in shared mobility systems, we consider user preferences in a second objective. Users may choose and rank their preferred modes of transport for different times of the day. In this way, we account for, e.g., different traffic conditions throughout the planning horizon. We study different variants of the problem. In the base problem, the sequence of tasks a user has to fulfil is fixed in advance and travel times as well as preferences are constant over the planning horizon. In variant 2, time-dependent travel times and preferences are introduced. In variant 3, we examine the challenges when allowing additional routing decisions. Variant 4 integrates variants 2 and 3. For this last variant, we develop a branch-and-cut algorithm which is embedded in two bi-objective frameworks, namely the $$\epsilon $$
ϵ
-constraint method and a weighting binary search method. Computational experiments show that the branch-and cut algorithm outperforms the MIP formulation and we discuss changing solutions along the Pareto frontier.
Good subjective outcome and low risk of revision surgery with a novel customized metal implant for focal femoral chondral lesions at a follow-up after a minimum of 5 years
Authors: Al-Bayati Mohanad , Martinez-Carranza Nicolas , Roberts David , Högström Magnus , Stålman Anders 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background and purpose
Patients with focal cartilage lesions experience functional impairment. Results for biological treatments in the middle-aged patient is poor. Previous studies with focal prosthetic inlay resurfacing have shown a higher risk of conversion to total knee replacement at mid-term follow-up. A novel customized implant (Episealer, Episurf, Stockholm, Sweden) has been proposed to improve implant positioning and survival. The primary objective was to assess subjective-, objective function and implant survival at a minimum of five years after surgery.

Materials and methods
The inclusion criteria were patients aged 30–65 years with symptomatic focal chondral defects in the medial femoral condyle, International Cartilage Research Society grade 3 or 4 and failed conservative or surgical treatment. Minimum follow-up of 5 years. Clinical and radiologic assessments were made. Patient-reported outcome measurements at the latest follow-up were compared with the baseline data for the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), the EuroQoL (EQ-5D), the Tegner Activity Scale and a Visual Analog Scale of pain (VAS 0–10).

Results
Ten patients with the mean follow-up period of 75 months (60–86 months, SD 10) were included. Signs of osteoarthritis were seen in one patient (Ahlbäck 1). No cases with revision to knee replacement. VAS for pain and KOOS showed improvements that reached significance for VAS (p ≤ 0.001) and the KOOS subscores Pain (p = 0.01), ADL (p = 0.003), Sport and Recreation (p = 0.024) and Quality of Life (p = 0.003).

Conclusion
A good subjective outcome, a low risk of progression to degenerative changes and the need for subsequent surgery were seen at the mid-term follow-up with this customized focal knee-resurfacing implant.

Level of evidence
Prospective case series, level 4.
Long-term neurological manifestations of COVID-19: prevalence and predictive factors
Authors: Pilotto Andrea , Cristillo Viviana , Cotti Piccinelli Stefano , Zoppi Nicola , Bonzi Giulio , Sattin Davide , Schiavolin Silvia , Raggi Alberto , Canale Antonio , Gipponi Stefano , Libri Ilenia , Frigerio Martina , Bezzi Michela , Leonardi Matilde , Padovani Alessandro 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Clinical investigations have argued for long-term neurological manifestations in both hospitalised and non-hospitalised COVID-19 patients. It is unclear whether long-term neurological symptoms and features depend on COVID-19 severity.

Methods
From a sample of 208 consecutive non-neurological patients hospitalised for COVID-19 disease, 165 survivors were re-assessed at 6 months according to a structured standardised clinical protocol. Prevalence and predictors of long-term neurological manifestations were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analyses.

Results
At 6-month follow-up after hospitalisation due to COVID-19 disease, patients displayed a wide array of symptoms; fatigue (34%), memory/attention (31%) and sleep disorders (30%) were the most frequent. At neurological examination, 40% of patients exhibited neurological abnormalities, such as hyposmia (18.0%), cognitive deficits (17.5%), postural tremor (13.8%) and subtle motor/sensory deficits (7.6%). Older age, premorbid comorbidities and severity of COVID-19 were independent predictors of neurological manifestations in logistic regression analyses.

Conclusions
Premorbid vulnerability and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection impact on prevalence and severity of long-term neurological manifestations.
Interactive log-delta analysis using multi-range filtering
Authors: Vidgof Maxim , Djurica Djordje , Bala Saimir , Mendling Jan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractProcess mining is a family of analytical techniques that extract insights from an event log and present them to an analyst. A key analysis task is to understand the distinctive features of different variants of the process and their impact on process performance. Techniques for log-delta analysis (or variant analysis) put a strong emphasis on automatically extracting explanations for differences between variants. A weakness of them is, however, their limited support for interactively exploring the dividing line between typical and atypical behavior. In this paper, we address this research gap by developing and evaluating an interactive technique for log-delta analysis, which we callInterLog. This technique is developed based on the idea that the analyst can interactively define filter ranges and that these filters are used to partition the logLinto sub-logs$$L_1$$L1for the selected cases and$$L_2$$L2for the deselected cases. In this way, the analyst can step-by-step explore the log and manually separate the typical behavior from the atypical. We prototypically implement InterLog and demonstrate its application for a real-world event log. Furthermore, we evaluate it in a preliminary design study with process mining experts for usefulness and ease of use.
Error estimates of the backward Euler–Maruyama method for multi-valued stochastic differential equations
Authors: Eisenmann Monika , Kovács Mihály , Kruse Raphael , Larsson Stig 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper we derive error estimates of the backward Euler–Maruyama method applied to multi-valued stochastic differential equations. An important example of such an equation is a stochastic gradient flow whose associated potential is not continuously differentiable but assumed to be convex. We show that the backward Euler–Maruyama method is well-defined and convergent of order at least 1/4 with respect to the root-mean-square norm. Our error analysis relies on techniques for deterministic problems developed in Nochetto et al. (Commun Pure Appl Math 53(5):525–589, 2000). We verify that our setting applies to an overdamped Langevin equation with a discontinuous gradient and to a spatially semi-discrete approximation of the stochasticp-Laplace equation.
A systematic approach to reduced GLT
Authors: Barbarino Giovanni 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper concerns the spectral analysis of matrix-sequences that are generated by the discretization and numerical approximation of partial differential equations, in case the domain is a generic Peano–Jordan measurable set. It is observed that such matrix-sequences often present a spectral symbol, that is a measurable function describing the asymptotic behaviour of the eigenvalues. When the domain is a hypercube, the analysis can be conducted using the theory of generalized locally Toeplitz (GLT) sequences, but in case of generic domains, a different kind of matrix-sequences and theory has to be formalized. We thus develop in full detail the theory of reduced GLT sequences and symbols, presenting some application to finite differences and finite elements discretization for linear convection–diffusion–reaction differential equations.
Pragmatic evaluations of automated linguistic creativity
Authors: Gatti Lorenzo , Stock Oliviero , Strapparava Carlo , Özbal Gözde 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe optimal innovation hypothesis (OIH) offers a good aesthetic and cognitive reference for the kind of linguistic creativity where minimal variations can have a strong effect on the audience and realize an overall intended goal. The same approach can be the basis for creative systems. The question is how to concretely evaluate not only their quality, but also their pragmatic effect. This paper describes the original evaluations of two systems based on the OIH, one automatically yielding witty headlines for incoming news, the other producing song parodies, varying the song lyrics to evoke a given concept. The goal is to bring attention to the importance of evaluating the pragmatic potential of creative systems, in addition to the quality of their output, and to demonstrate how such evaluations can be done.
The European Commission report on ethics of connected and automated vehicles and the future of ethics of transportation
Authors: Santoni de Sio Filippo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe paper has two goals. The first is presenting the main results of the recent report Ethics of Connected and Automated Vehicles: recommendations on road safety, privacy, fairness, explainability and responsibility written by the Horizon 2020 European Commission Expert Group to advise on specific ethical issues raised by driverless mobility, of which the author of this paper has been member and rapporteur. The second is presenting some broader ethical and philosophical implications of these recommendations, and using these to contribute to the establishment of Ethics of Transportation as an independent branch of applied ethics. The recent debate on the ethics of Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) presents a paradox and an opportunity. The paradox is the presence of a flourishing debate on the ethics of one very specific transportation technology without ethics of transportation being in itself a well-established academic discipline. The opportunity is that now that a spotlight has been switched on the ethical dimensions of CAVs it may be easier to establish a broader debate on ethics of transportation. While the 20 recommendations of the EU report are grouped in three macro-areas: road safety, data ethics, and responsibility, in this paper they will be grouped according to eight philosophical themes: Responsible Innovation, road justice, road safety, freedom, human control, privacy, data fairness, responsibility. These are proposed as the first topics for a new ethics of transportation.
Writing Technique Across Psychotherapies—From Traditional Expressive Writing to New Positive Psychology Interventions: A Narrative Review
Authors: Ruini Chiara , Mortara Cristina C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWriting Therapy (WT) is defined as a process of investigation about personal thoughts and feelings using the act of writing as an instrument, with the aim of promoting self-healing and personal growth. WT has been integrated in specific psychotherapies with the aim of treating specific mental disorders (PTSD, depression, etc.). More recently, WT has been included in several Positive Interventions (PI) as a useful tool to promote psychological well-being. This narrative review was conducted by searching on scientific databases and analyzing essential studies, academic books and journal articles where writing therapy was applied. The aim of this review is to describe and summarize the use of WT across various psychotherapies, from the traditional applications as expressive writing, or guided autobiography, to the phenomenological-existential approach (Logotherapy) and, more recently, to the use of WT within Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). Finally, the novel applications of writing techniques from a positive psychology perspective will be analyzed. Accordingly, the applications of WT for promoting forgiveness, gratitude, wisdom and other positive dimensions will be illustrated. The results of this review show that WT yield therapeutic effects on symptoms and distress, but it also promotes psychological well-being. The use of writing can be a standalone treatment or it can be easily integrated as supplement in other therapeutic approaches. This review might help clinician and counsellors to apply the simple instrument of writing to promote insight, healing and well-being in clients, according to their specific clinical needs and therapeutic goals.
New insights on respondents’ recall ability and memory effects when repeatedly measuring political efficacy
Authors: Höhne Jan Karem 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMany study designs in social science research rely on repeated measurements implying that the same respondents are asked the same (or nearly the same) questions at least twice. An assumption made by such study designs is that respondents second answer does not depend on their first answer. However, if respondents recall their initial answer and base their second answer on it memory effects may affect the survey outcome. In this study, I investigate respondents’ recall ability and memory effects within the same survey and randomly assign respondents to a device type (PC or smartphone) and a response format (response scale or text field) for reporting their previous answer. While the results reveal no differences regarding device types, they reveal differences regarding response formats. Respondents’ recall ability is higher when they are provided with the response scale again than when they are only provided with a text field (without displaying the response scale again). The same finding applies to the size of estimated memory effects. This study provides evidence that the size of memory effects may have been overestimated in previous studies.