bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aqueous Cytokine Levels are Associated with Progression of Peripheral Anterior Synechiae after Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty
Authors: Kusano Yuki , Yamaguchi Takefumi , Nishisako Sota , Matsumura Takehiro , Fukui Masaki , Higa Kazunari , Inoue Toshihiro , Shimazaki Jun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Glaucoma is a serious complication after corneal transplantation that can lead to permanent loss of vision. Peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) leads to severe glaucoma, which is refractory to medications, however, the exact mechanism of PAS development after corneal transplantation is still elusive. Recent studies revealed significant alterations in cytokine levels in aqueous humor (AqH) in glaucoma. Hence, we quantified PAS area using three dimensional OCT and evaluated the association between cytokine levels in AqH and PAS area after Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK). We first found that the total protein level in AqH was significantly higher in eyes with PAS progression than those without, and was positively correlated with the progression of PAS area after DSAEK. Furthermore, the postoperative PAS area was significantly correlated with the AqH levels of interleukin-8, interferon-γ, and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Multivariate analyses showed that the total protein levels in AqH and presence of preoperative PAS were significant risk factors for increased PAS area after DSAEK. The PAS development was associated with intraocular pressure increase after DSAEK. In conclusion, these findings suggest that pathological alterations in the AqH can cause PAS progression and glaucoma after DSAEK.
Autonomic conditioning therapy reduces fatigue and improves global impression of change in individuals with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome
Authors: Putrino David , Tabacof Laura , Tosto-Mancuso Jenna , Wood Jamie , Cortes Mar , Kontorovich Amy , McCarthy Dayna , Breyman Erica , Nasr Leila , Neglia Adena , Duntz Josh , Bunt Alex , Herrera Joseph , Kellner Christopher 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS) is a collection of persistent and debilitating symptoms lasting weeks to months after acute COVID-19 infection, with fatigue most commonly reported. There is controversy surrounding the role of exercise programs for this condition, due to concerns over the potential to worsen fatigue. We developed a novel physical therapy program known as Autonomic Conditioning Therapy (ACT) for PACS, and report on the preliminary patient-reported outcome (PRO) data from individuals who completed ACT for PACS, compared with those who did not. Seventy-eight (55 [71%] female, median [range] age 43 [12 to 78]) met the inclusion criteria and consented to have their data included in the analyses. A total of 31 (40%) individuals completed ACT for PACS. There was within-group improvement in fatigue in individuals who completed ACT for PACS (mean difference [95% CI] -14 [-27 to -1], p = 0.03), as well as greater between-group impression of change measured on the Patient Global Impression of Change scale (ACT for PACS median [range] 5 [1 to 7], no ACT for PACS 4 [1 to 7], p < 0.01). ACT for PACS is a novel physical therapy program that can reduce fatigue in individuals with PACS.
Strain Effect On Microstructural Properties Of SUS 304L Joint By PAW+GTAW
Authors: Wang Juan , Li Yajiang , Wang Qi , Liu Kun , Li Hang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
304L stainless steel was joined by a combination welding process of plasma arc welding and gas tungsten arc welding (PAW + GTAW). Then pre-strain treatment on 304L welded joint by 9% was carried out using uniaxial static tensile at room temperature. Effect of strain on microstructure evolution in joint was analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and on mechanical properties was also studied. The results indicated that the strain rate of 304L joint showed inhomogeneity including 3% in the weld metal and 13% in the heat affected zone (HAZ), which induced martensitic transformation occurring in HAZ. Tensile strength of the joint increased from 700MPa as welded to 804MPa after strain at room temperature and it reached 1700MPa from 1480MPa at low temperature of -196℃. Impact toughness in HAZ was the least among the whole joint, but it was still 94J at -196℃after strain. The fracture surface showed large numbered of cleavage steps with elongated parabolic dimples.
Detection of Lymph Node Metastases in Patients With Prostate Cancer: Comparing Conventional and Digital [18F]-Fluorocholine PET-CT Using Extended Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection as Reference
Authors: Bjoersdorff Mimmi , Puterman Christopher , Oddstig Jenny , Amidi Jennifer , Zackrisson Sophia , Kjölhede Henrik , Bjartell Anders , Wollmer Per , Trägårdh Elin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) can be used to detect and stage metastatic lymph nodes in intermediate to high-risk prostate cancer. Improvements to hardware, such as digital technology, and to software, such as reconstruction algorithms, have recently been made. We compared the capability of detecting regional lymph node metastases using conventional and digital silicon photomultiplier (SiPM)-based PET-CT technology for [18F]-fluorocholine (FCH). Extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) histopathology was used as the reference method.Methods: Retrospectively, a consecutive series of patients with prostate cancer who had undergone staging with FCH PET-CT before ePLND were included. Images were obtained with either a conventional or a SiPM-based PET-CT and compared. FCH uptake in pelvic lymph nodes beyond the uptake in the mediastinal blood pool was considered to be abnormal.Results: One hundred eighty patients with intermediate or high-risk prostate cancer were examined using a conventional Philips Gemini PET-CT (n = 93) between 2015 and 2017 or a digital GE Discovery MI PET-CT (n = 87) from 2017 to 2018. Images that were obtained using the Philips Gemini PET-CT system showed 19 patients (20%) with suspected lymph node metastases compared with 40 patients (46%) using the GE Discovery MI PET-CT. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value (PPV and NPV) were 0.30, 0.84, 0.47, and 0.72, respectively, for the Philips Gemini and 0.60, 0.58, 0.30, and 0.83, respectively for GE Discovery MI. Area under the curve (AUC) in a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was similar between the two PET-CT systems (0.58 and 0.58, P = 0.8).Conclusions: A marked difference in sensitivity and specificity was found for the different PET-CT systems. Independent of the PET-CT system, the overall diagnostic performance was poor (but similar), and FCH PET-CT should not be used for initial staging of patients with prostate cancer.
Analysis Combustion Efficiency in a Fluidized-Bed Combustor With a Modified Perforated Plate for Air Distribution
Authors: Erdiwansyah Erdiwansyah , Mahidin Mahidin , Husin Husni , Nasaruddin Nasaruddin , Muhtadin Muhtadin , Faisal M. , Gani Asri , Usman Usman , Mamat Rizalman 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Combustion efficiency is one of the most important parameters, especially in the FBC combustion chamber. Investigations into the efficiency of combustion in FBC fuels using solid biomass waste fuels in recent years are increasingly in demand by researchers around the world. Specifically, this study aims to calculate the combustion efficiency in the FBC combustion chamber. Combustion efficiency is calculated based on combustion results from modification of hollow plates in the FBC combustion chamber. The modified hollow plate aims to control combustion so that the fuel incorporated can burn out and not saturate. The combustion experiments were tested using palm oil biomass solid waste fuels such as PKS, OPM, and EFB. The results of the measurements showed that the maximum combustion temperature for MCC fuel reached 863oC for M1 and 887oC on M2. The maximum combustion temperature measurements for M1 and M2 from OPM fuel testing reached 898oC and 858oC, respectively, while the maximum combustion temperature for EFB fuel was 667oC andM2 847oC, respectively. The rate of combustion efficiency with the modification of the hole plate in the FBC combustion chamber reached 96.2%. Thermal efficiency in FBC combustion chamber for OPM 72.62%, MCC 70.03%, and EFB 52.43%. The highest heat transfer rates for OPM fuel reached 7792.36 w/m, MCC 7167.38 w/m, and EFB 5127.83 w/m. Thus, modification of the holed plate in the FBC chamber showed better performance of the plate without modification.
Physical properties as antigenic determinant: the example of antiphospholipid antibodies
Authors: Mach François , Brandt Karim J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Although the specificity of an antibody grows through process requiring somatic mutation, the Ag-binding polyspecificity of an antibody enlarges the Ag detection of the immune system. While the polyspecificity of antibody is its ability to bind at least two different Ags, apparent polyspecificity could also depends of characteristics of Ag considered. Whichever the type of epitopes, conformational or linear, they are commonly determined by the surface of the involved epitope residues. We demonstrate that the apparent polyspecificity of antiphospholipid antibody responsible for the antiphospholipid syndrome is due to an epitope characterized by the physical properties of amino acids whose polarity, hydropathy and steric volume but not by the sequence of residues. The physicals properties are, per se, the epitope for certain antibody. Although this novel concept provides insights on how the polyspecificity of an antibody can be linked up under the lead of a common motif of physical properties.
Filtration Mapping as Complete Bell State Analyzer for Bosonic Particles
Authors: Kozubov A. V. , Gaidash A. A. , Kiselev A. D. , Miroshnichenko G. P. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper we present the approach to complete Bell state analysis based on filtering mapping. The key distinctive feature of this appoach is that it avoids complications related to using either hyperentanglement or representation of the Bell states as concatenated Greenber–Horne–Zeilinger (C-GHZ) state to perform discrimination procedure. We describe two techniques developed within the suggested approach and based on two-step algorithms with two different types of filtration mapping which can be called the non-demolition and semi-demolition filtrations. In the method involving non-demolition filtration measurement the filtration process employs cross-Kerr nonlinearity and the probe mode to distinguish between the two pairs of the Bell states. In the case of semi-demolition measurement, the two states are unambiguously discriminated and hence destroyed, whereas filtraton keeps the other two states intact. We show that the measurement that destroys the single photon subspace in every mode and preserves the superposition of zero and two photons can be realized with discrete photodetection based on microresonator with atoms.
Functional Analysis of Multiple nifB Genes of Paenibacillus Strains in Synthesis of Mo-, Fe- and V-Nitrogenase
Authors: Li Qin , Zhang Haowei , Zhang Liqun , Chen San-Feng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Biological nitrogen fixation is catalyzed by Mo-, V- and Fe-nitrogenases that are encoded by nif, vnf and anf genes, respectively. NifB is the key protein in synthesis of the cofactors of all nitrogenases. Most diazotrophic Paenibacillus strains have only one nifB gene located in a compact nif gene cluster (nifBHDKENX(orf1)hesAnifV). But some Paenibacillus strains have multiple nifB genes and their functions are not known.Results: We have analyzed the genomes of the 116 diazotrophic Paenibacillus strains and found that some Paenibacillus strains have 2-4 nifB genes. Phylogeny analysis shows that all nifB genes in Paenibacillus fall into 4 subclasses: the nifB1 being the first gene within the compact nif gene cluster, the nifB2 being adjacent to anf or vnf genes, the other nifB3 and nifB4 being scattered on genomes. Transcriptional results demonstrate that nifB1 exhibits the greatest increase in expression under Mo-dependent conditions and nifB2 is even more induced under alternative fixation conditions. Functional analyses by complementation of the ∆nifB and ∆nifBHDK mutant of P. polymyxa WLY78 which has only one nifB gene and only Mo-nitrogenase showed that both nifB1 and nifB2 are active in synthesis of Mo-, Fe and V-nitrogenase. The nifB3 and nifB4 genes were not significantly expressed under N2-fixing conditions and could not restore the nitrogenase activity of P. polymyxa ∆nifB mutant, suggesting that nifB3 and nifB4 genes were not involved in nitrogen fixation. In addition, reconstruction of anf system comprising 8 genes (nifBanfHDGK and nifXhesAnifV) and vnf system comprising 10 genes (nifBvnfHDGKEN and nifXhesAnifV) supported synthesis of Fe-nitrogenase and V-nitrogenase in P. polymyxa, respectively. Conclusions: Our data and analysis reveal the contents and distribution of nifB genes in Paenibacillus. We demonstrated that the transcriptions of nifB being adjacent to nif or anf or vnf genes significantly expressed under N2-fixation conditions and are active in synthesis of Mo-, Fe and V-nitrogenase. Our study also provides guidance for engineering nitrogen fixation genes into heterologous hosts for nitrogen fixation.
Corrosion Inhibition Property of Amoxicillin Drug for Al-2014 Alloy in 1M HCl Solution
Authors: G Nataraja , M Praveen B , V Santhosh Kumar M , D Pruthviraj R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We focus on the corrosion behavior of Al-2014 alloy in the 1M HCl acidic medium. Also, the inhibition property of Amoxicillin on Al-2014 alloy was studied with different concentrations at different temperatures. The micrographs with and without inhibitor are examined with FE-SEM. It reveals that the Amoxicillin-treated surface has prevented corrosion compared to the untreated Al-2014 alloy. The potentiodynamic measurements reveal that Al-2014 alloy with 150ppm of inhibitor solution has the highest tendency to prevent corrosion in 1M HCl solution in all the samples at different temperatures. It is also verified from the adsorption isotherm, the high inhibition rate is due to the value of ′𝐾𝑎𝑑𝑠′ (6592.3kJ/mol.(25°C), 4524.09kJ/mol.(35°C)) and ΔG0(25°𝐶, 35°𝐶) ≈ −33.8, −33.9𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙.. From the EIS studies, the inhibition samples show a higher ‘Rct’ value implies good corrosion resistance. It is also confirmed from the equivalent circuit by Nyquist plots.
Spread-F characteristics at the southern anomaly crest in South America during the descending phase of solar cycle 24
Authors: González Gilda de Lourdes 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Ionospheric F-region irregularities can acutely affect navigation and communication systems. To develop predictive capabilities on their occurrence, it is key to understand their variabilities in a wide range of time scales. Previous studies at low latitudes in South America have been performed mostly for the eastern sector, and fewer efforts have been done in the Argentinian region. This work presents the analysis of the spread-F (range spread-F, frequency spread-F and strong spread-F) and plasma bubble occurrence characteristics near the southern crest of the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (Tucumán, 26.8°S, 65.2°W; magnetic latitude 15.5°S). We used ionosonde and Global Positioning System (GPS) data from November 2014 to December 2019 for different solar and geomagnetic conditions. The data shows that spread-F and plasma bubble occurrence rates peak in summer and are minimum in equinox and winter, respectively. There is, usually, a negative correlation between each type of spread-F and solar activity, whereas the opposite happens for plasma bubbles. Geomagnetic activity suppresses the generation of spread-F in equinox and summer and enhances it in winter. Plasma bubble occurrence is higher during disturbed days than during quiet days, but under medium solar activity, summer months register more plasma bubbles in quiet conditions. Range spread-F observed in winter under low solar activity is not associated with plasma bubbles originated at the magnetic equator. These results contribute to the knowledge necessary to improve the prediction of the spatial and temporal distribution of the night-time ionospheric irregularities.
New transboundary water resources cooperation for Greater Mekong Subregion: the Lancang-Mekong Cooperation
Authors: Junlin Ren , Ziqian Peng , Xue Pan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Lancang-Mekong Cooperation (LMC) is a new type of regional cooperation mechanism in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS). It was officially co-founded by six Lancang-Mekong countries in 2016. Water resources cooperation is the flagship field of the LMC. The goal of this article is to introduce comprehensively the LMC and to illustrate why it can be regarded as a new choice for regional water resources cooperation in the GMS. This paper first reviews the background to LMC's foundation, and then introduces the structural framework, operating mechanism and recent advances of the LMC. It will then analyze the deficiencies of the present water resources cooperation mechanisms in the GMS and the comparative advantages of water resources cooperation under LMC. Finally, some suggestions were given to improve and reinforce water resources cooperation under the LMC. This research concludes that the LMC is more suitable for the actual needs and objective reality of Lancang-Mekong countries owing to its high-level and all-round regional cooperation mechanism. It was established jointly by all riparian states, with a shared vision to enhance the well-being of six countries' people, and works to narrow the development gap among regional countries.
Cultivation of Chlorella sorokiniana in a bubble-column bioreactor coupled with cooking cocoon wastewater treatment: effects of initial cell density and aeration rate
Authors: Xue Chunye , Gao Kun , Qian Pingkang , Dong Jingwei , Gao Zheng , Liu Qiaoqiao , Chen Biao , Deng Xiangyuan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Previous studies have documented that Chlorella sorokiniana could grow well on cooking cocoon wastewater (CCW) with a maximum biomass of 0.49 g/L. In order to further enhance the biomass production and nutrient removals, a bubble-column bioreactor was designed and performed to cultivate C. sorokiniana in CCW, and two main cultivation parameters were investigated in this work. Results showed that a maximum algal biomass, specific growth rate, and biomass productivity of 2.83 g/L, 0.854 d−1, and 476.25 g/L/d, respectively, were achieved when this alga was cultivated in the bioreactor with an initial cell density of 0.8 g/L and an aeration rate of 3.34 L air/L culture/min; meanwhile, removal efficiencies of ammonium, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and chemical oxygen demand reached 97.96, 85.66, 97.96, and 86.43%, respectively, which were significantly higher than that obtained in our previous studies. Moreover, chemical compositions in the algal cells varied with the changes of cultivation conditions (i.e., initial cell density and aeration rate). Thus, it is concluded that (1) the bubble-column bioreactor was suitable for cultivation of C. sorokiniana coupled with the CCW treatment and (2) initial cell density and aeration rate affected the biomass production, nutrient removals and chemical compositions of this alga.
Pollutant first flush identification and its implications for urban runoff pollution control: a roof and road runoff case study in Beijing, China
Authors: Zhang Wei , Li Juan , Sun Huichao , Che Wu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
First flush is a common phenomenon in urban runoff pollution. Typical cement roof and asphalt road runoff in Beijing, China were monitored for 2 years. Based on the M(v) curve, the suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP) and particulate phosphorus in cement roof runoff presented a stronger first flush than those in asphalt road runoff. The first flush volume (VFF) of SS, COD, total nitrogen (TN) and TP in asphalt road runoff differed slightly from the cement roof. There were also differences in the first flush assessment depending on which method was used. We proposed a new method based on the runoff depth versus pollutant cumulative mass curve. According to the national standards in China (VFF = 3 mm), various masses of different pollutants, such as 91.42 ± 9.80% (cement roof) and 78.49 ± 19.41% (asphalt road) of SS and 86.85 ± 13.54% (cement roof) and 72.80 ± 25.79% (asphalt road) of COD, can be effectively controlled, but our mass control efficiencies were 55.91%–66.65% when VFF = 1 mm. The new method proposed in this study provides an alternative approach for assessing runoff pollution control efficiency of different VFF.
A comparison of treatment results of adult deep-bite cases treated with lingual and labial fixed appliances
Authors: Pamukçu Hande , Özsoy Ömür Polat 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To compare the cephalometric treatment results of adult deep-bite cases after labial and lingual fixed orthodontic treatment.

Materials and Methods
A total of 102 patients underwent lingual orthodontic treatment and complete records were evaluated. The following inclusion criteria were used: patients who had Angle Class I or mild Class II malocclusion; comprehensive orthodontic treatment that did not include intrusion mechanics or any extractions; patients with an initial overbite of more than 3.7 mm. Thirteen patients met the inclusion criteria. These cases were matched with the same number of patients according to age with a labial orthodontic treatment group. Pre- and post-treatment cephalometric radiographs were evaluated. Independent t test or Fisher exact tests were performed to assess the differences between the groups.

Results
Proclination of the upper incisors was higher in the labial group. Incisor mandibular plane angle (IMPA) showed an increase of 1.2° in the lingual group and 9.7° in the labial group. Lower incisor edge was approximately in a stable sagittal position in the lingual group but significant lower incisor proclination was seen in the labial group. The lower incisors were intruded (-1 mm) in the lingual group but lower incisors were minimally extruded (0.3 mm) in the labial group. No significant difference was found in the movements of upper and lower molars for both groups.

Conclusions
The nature of lower incisor movement involved less protrusion in lingual orthodontics than the labial treatment. Lingual orthodontic treatment is a better option in adult cases where intrusion of lower incisors without labial tipping is desired.