bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of thermal aging effects on the creep performance of T91 using small punch creep testing
Authors: Ó'Murchú Cathal , Leen Seán B. , O'Donoghue Padraic E. , Barrett Richard A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the development and application of a small punch creep testing method for assessment of the effects of thermal aging and associated precipitate coarsening on the high temperature creep life and deformation behavior of a 9Cr ferritic–martensitic steel. The tests are conducted on P91 steel, for both aged (up to 1 year) and unaged specimens, at temperatures of 600°C. The unaged test results are shown to be consistent with previously published creep tensile test rupture life data in terms of Chakrabarty membrane stress. Aging is shown to have a significant, detrimental effect on creep life and deformation rate. The steady‐state displacement rate, time to failure, and displacement at failure data, for both aged and unaged, were successfully correlated via the modified Monkman–Grant relationship.
Application of the Failure Assessment Diagram approach for contact fatigue damage evaluation in railway wheel steels
Authors: Donzella Giorgio , Danesi Andrea , Mazzù Angelo , Petrogalli Candida , Ghidini Andrea , Faccoli Michela 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA Failure Assessment Diagram (FAD), developed for rolling contact, was specifically formulated for railway wheel steels. The FAD allows combining a multiaxial fatigue criterion with the linear elastic fracture mechanics concept; in particular, it was used to assess the fatigue failure in wet contact, related to the pressurization of the fluid entrapped in surface cracks. The approach was applied to the results of previous bi‐disc tests carried out on three railway wheel steels, subjected first to a dry rolling‐sliding contact step, then to a wet contact step. The crack size distribution after the dry contact step was evaluated by a statistical approach; subsequently, the stress intensity factor during the wet contact step was estimated by finite elements. The results of the FAD agreed with the damage observed on the cross section of the specimens at the end of the tests. Furthermore, the FAD was used to determine the maximum allowable crack to prevent rolling contact fatigue, this way showing its potential as a damage tolerant approach.
How tree species, tree size, and topographical location influenced tree transpiration in northern boreal forests during the historic 2018 drought
Authors: Gutierrez Lopez Jose , Tor‐ngern Pantana , Oren Ram , Kozii Nataliia , Laudon Hjalmar , Hasselquist Niles J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTrees in northern latitude ecosystems are projected to experience increasing drought stress as a result of rising air temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns in northern latitude ecosystems. However, most drought‐related studies on high‐latitude boreal forests (>50°N) have been conducted in North America, with few studies quantifying the response in European and Eurasian boreal forests. Here, we tested how daily whole‐tree transpiration (Q, Liters day−1) and Q normalized for mean daytime vapor pressure deficit (QDZ, Liters day−1 kPa−1) were affected by the historic 2018 drought in Europe. More specifically, we examined how tree species, size, and topographic position affected drought response in high‐latitude mature boreal forest trees. We monitored 30 Pinus sylvestris (pine) and 30 Picea abies (spruce) trees distributed across a topographic gradient in northern Sweden. In general, pine showed a greater QDZ control compared to spruce during periods of severe drought (standardized precipitation–evapotranspiration index: SPEI < −1.5), suggesting that the latter are more sensitive to drought. Overall, QDZ reductions (using non‐drought QDZ as reference) were less pronounced in larger trees during severe drought, but there was a species‐specific pattern: QDZ reductions were greater in pine trees at high elevations and greater in spruce trees at lower elevations. Despite lower QDZ during severe drought, drought spells were interspersed with small precipitation events and overcast conditions, and QDZ returned to pre‐drought conditions relatively quickly. This study highlights unique species‐specific responses to drought, which are additionally driven by a codependent interaction among tree size, relative topographic position, and unique regional climate conditions.
Soil carbon balance of afforested peatlands in the maritime temperate climatic zone
Authors: Jovani‐Sancho Antonio Jonay , Cummins Thomas , Byrne Kenneth A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDrainage and conversion of natural peatlands to forestry increases soil CO2 emissions through decomposition of peat and modifies the quantity and quality of litter inputs and therefore the soil carbon balance. In organic soils, CO2 net emissions and removals are reported using carbon emission factors (EF). The choice of specific default Tier 1 EF values from the IPCC 2013 Wetlands supplement depends on land‐use categories and climate zones. However, Tier 1 EF for afforested peatlands in the temperate maritime climate zone are based on data from eight sites, mainly located in the hemiboreal zone, and the uncertainty associated with these default values is a concern. In addition, moving from Tier 1 to higher‐Tier carbon reporting values is highly desirable when large areas are affected by land‐use changes. In this study, we estimated site‐specific soil carbon balance for the development of Tier 2 soil CO2‐C EFs for afforested peatlands. Soil heterotrophic respiration and aboveground tree litterfall were measured during two years at eight afforested peatland sites in Ireland. In addition, fine‐root turnover rate and site‐specific fine‐root biomass were used to quantify belowground litter inputs. We found that drainage of peatlands and planting them with either Sitka spruce or lodgepole pine, resulted in soils being net carbon sources. The soil carbon balance at multi‐year sites varied between 63 ± 92 and 309 ± 67 g C m−2 year−1. Mean CO2‐C EF for afforested peatlands was 1.68 ± 0.33 t CO2‐C ha−1 year−1. The improved CO2‐C EFs presented here for afforested peatlands are proposed as a basis to update national CO2‐C emissions from this land‐use class in Ireland. Furthermore, new data from these sites will significantly contribute to the development of more reliable IPCC default Tier 1 CO2‐C EFs for afforested peatlands in the maritime temperate climate zone.
Quality Assurance for In Situ Uranium Concentration Measurements of Aqueous Samples from Mineral Processing Studies Using a Portable XRF Analyser in Compliance with ISO/IEC 17025 Requirements
Authors: Abukashabeh Ahmad , Abu‐Halimeh Rachael 
Published: May 2021

The method developed in this article aims to control the quality of uranium leaching and processing measurements at the Jordan Atomic Energy Commission, through the instant determination of uranium in aqueous samples without chemical preparation using portable X‐Ray Fluorescence (pXRF) analysis. Acidic and alkaline samples were analysed via pXRF then compared with results from ICP‐MS/ICP‐AES. The pXRF method validation, in view of ISO/IEC 17025:2017 requirements, was applied to real samples and simulated uranium ore solutions from single uranium and two other certified reference materials. The slopes acquired from correlations between pXRF results and reference values were 1.026, 1.021 and 0.9664, respectively, with correlation coefficients (r2) approaching 1.0. Precision calculations showed values < 5% RSD for samples having uranium contents > 10 mg l−1, while this value was ±10% at 5 mg l−1. The detection and quantification limits were determined as 2.5 and 7.7 mg l−1, respectively. Relative expanded uncertainty was found to equal 12.5% with a coverage factor k = 2 at the quantification limit. Finally, a paired t‐test and linear regression combining the pXRF results and reference values obtained by ICP‐MS and ICP‐AES demonstrated no significant difference at the 95% confidence level. This work eventually led to the laboratory’s ISO/IEC 17025:2017 accreditation for this method.
Hungry for power? Regional elites and the architecture of government
Authors: Tatham Michaël , Bauer Michael W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHow can we better understand the architecture of government? Governmental structures are regularly altered by the dispersion of power upward and downward to supranational and subnational bodies. The preferences of citizens and élites in this regard are well documented at the national and EU levels. However, the preferences of regional élites remain somewhat of a black box. What are their preferences when it comes to the distribution of competences across the regional‐national‐EU triptych? This article pits three explanations against one another. They concern scale, identity, and institutional effects. These explanations are evaluated against a database containing information on over 1,300 regional élites in 68 regions and 12 countries. Overall, while scale and institutional logics do play a role, identity logics prevail. These findings support a strand of literature stressing the importance of community and attachment in shaping the structure of government beyond what scale and institutional logics predict.
Dissonance in the discourse of the duration of diabetes: A mixed methods study of patient perceptions and clinical practice
Authors: Ledford Christy J. W. , Fulleborn Stephanie T. , Jackson Jeremy T. , Rogers Tyler , Samar Haroon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundRemission of diabetes can be rewarding for patients and physicians, but there is limited study of how patients perceive the timeline of a disease along the continuum of glycaemic control.ObjectiveTo explore how patients perceive the timeline of diabetes along the continuum of glycaemic control and their goals of care and to identify whether family physicians communicate the principles of regression and remission of diabetes.DesignMixed methods approach of qualitative semi‐structured interviews with purposive sampling followed by cross‐sectional survey of physicians.ParticipantsThirty‐three patients living with prediabetes (preDM) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at medical centres in Georgia and Nevada; and 387 family physicians providing primary care within the same health system.ResultsPatients described two timelines of diabetes: as a lifelong condition or as a condition that can be cured. Patients who perceived a lifelong condition described five treatment goals: reducing glucose‐related laboratory values, losing weight, reducing medication, preventing treatment intensification and avoiding complications. For patients who perceived diabetes as a disease with an end, the goal of care was to achieve normoglycaemia. In response to patient vignettes that described potential cases of remission and regression, 38.2% of physician respondents would still communicate that a patient has preDM and 94.6% would tell the patient that he still had diabetes.ConclusionsMost physicians here exhibited reluctance to communicate remission or regression in patient care. Yet, patients describe two different potential timelines, including a subset who expect their diabetes can be ‘cured’. Physicians should incorporate shared decision making to create a shared mental model of diabetes and its potential outcomes with patients.Patient or Public ContributionIn this mixed methods study, as patients participated in the qualitative phase of this study, we asked patients to tell us what additional questions we should ask in subsequent interviews. Data from this qualitative phase informed the design and interpretation of the quantitative phase with physician participants.
Assessing and promoting partnership between patients and health‐care professionals: Co‐construction of the CADICEE tool for patients and their relatives
Authors: Pomey Marie‐Pascale , Clavel Nathalie , Normandin Louise , Del Grande Claudio , Philip Ghadiri Djahanchah , Fernandez‐McAuley Isabel , Boivin Antoine , Flora Luigi , Janvier Annie , Karazivan Philippe , Pelletier Jean‐François , Fernandez Nicolas , Paquette Jesseca , Dumez Vincent 
Published: May 2021

AbstractContextPartnership between patients and health‐care professionals (HCPs) is a concept that needs a valid, practical measure to facilitate its use by patients and HCPs.ObjectiveTo co‐construct a tool for measuring the degree of partnership between patients and HCPs.DesignThe CADICEE tool was developed in four steps: (1) generate key dimensions of patient partnership in clinical care; (2) co‐construct the tool; (3) assess face and content validity from patients’ and HCPs’ viewpoints; and (4) assess the usability of the tool and explore its measurement performance.ResultsThe CADICEE tool comprises 24 items under 7 dimensions: 1) relationship of Confidence or trust between the patient and the HCPs; 2) patient Autonomy; 3) patient participation in Decisions related to care; 4) shared Information on patient health status or care; 5) patient personal Context; 6) Empathy; and 7) recognition of Expertise.Assessment of the tool's usability and measurement performance showed, in a convenience sample of 246 patients and relatives, high face validity, acceptability and relevance for both patients and HCPs, as well as good construct validity.ConclusionsThe CADICEE tool is developed in co‐construction with patients to evaluate the degree of partnership in care desired by patients in their relationship with HCPs. The tool can be used in various clinical contexts and in different health‐care settings.Patient or Public ContributionPatients were involved in determining the importance of constructing this questionnaire. They co‐constructed it, pre‐tested it and were part of the entire questionnaire development process. Three patients participated in the writing of the article.
Barriers to preventive care utilization among Hong Kong community‐dwelling older people and their views on using financial incentives to improve preventive care utilization
Authors: Liao Qiuyan , Lau Wingyan , McGhee Sarah , Yap Maurice , Sum Rita , Liang Jun , Lian Jinxiao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundFinancial incentive is increasingly used as a mean to promote preventive care utilization (PCU), but the current Elderly Health Care Voucher Scheme (EHCVS) in Hong Kong is ineffective for encouraging PCU.ObjectiveTo explore the older people's barriers to PCU and their views on financial incentive, including EHCVS, for improving private PCU.Design and settingFocus‐group discussions were conducted in community elderly centres located in five districts of Hong Kong.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling older people aged 60 years or above.ResultsLack of understanding about preventive care and low awareness of the need for preventive care were key factors for the low motivation for PCU. Uncertainty over the level of service fee charged and concerns over service quality hindered the choice of using the private service providers under the current EHCVS. Financial incentives specific for preventive care services were thought to be cues to actions and guides for service promotion. However, some flexibility in service coverage and a set time limit of the financial incentives were preferred to accommodate individual needs.ConclusionsApart from promoting knowledge of preventive care, official monitoring for service fee and quality is important for empowering older people to choose private service providers for preventive care. Financial incentives for preventive care services should be more specific to cue service promotion and uptake of preventive care while maintaining flexibility to accommodate individual needs.Patient or public contributionParticipants were recruited using purposive sampling with the coordination of community elderly centres. Data were analysed using thematic coding.
Impact of freeze‐drying shelf temperature on the bioactive compounds, physical properties and sensory evaluation of a product based on orange juice
Authors: Uscanga Mariana A. , Salvador Ana , Camacho María del Mar , Martínez‐Navarrete Nuria 
Published: May 2021

SummaryFreeze‐drying is a good alternative means of obtaining fruit products, with a significant amount of thermolabile bioactive compounds. Despite the excellent benefits, this method provides the dehydrated product, and its main drawback is its high cost due to the duration of the process. Heat may be applied to the shelf so as to shorten the process time, as long as this does not affect the quality of the product. In this study, the impact of the freeze‐drying shelf temperature, 30 and 50 °C, on the bioactive compounds of the product obtained from an orange juice formulated with gum Arabic and bamboo fibre has been considered, as has the temperature’s effect on the porosity, colour and mechanical properties of the cake and on the flowability and the rehydration capacity of the powder, together with the sensory evaluation of the rehydrated product. The results obtained point to 50 °C as being the recommended temperature for the freeze‐drying of this product. This temperature shortens the process time by 64%, promotes the vitamin C content with no effect on the total phenols and carotenoids, leads to the cakes having better mechanical properties and does not affect the flowability and the rehydration behaviour of the powdered product.
Physicochemical composition and nutritional properties of foal burgers enhanced with healthy oil emulsion hydrogels
Authors: Cittadini Aurora , Munekata Paulo E. S. , Pateiro Mirian , Sarriés María V. , Domínguez Rubén , Lorenzo José M. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThis study investigates the effect of animal fat replacement by oil mixture emulsion hydrogels on quality characteristics of foal burgers. Three batches were manufactured: control (CON) – 100% of pork fat; treatments 1 and 2 (T1 and T2) – pork fat was totally replaced using oil mixture emulsions, avocado (T1) or pumpkin seed (T2) mixed with algal oil. These fat replacements were accompanied by a significant decrease in fat content (P < 0.001) and colour parameters (P < 0.05). Any significant differences in texture were observed in reformulated patties, except for gumminess (P < 0.05) and chewiness (P < 0.001). Moreover, a healthier fatty acid profile was reached (P < 0.001), saturated fat decreased, mono‐ (T1) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (T2) increased and an improvement of all health indices was observed. However, the sensory acceptability of burgers was unaffected (P > 0.05). Thus, these fat reformulations represent a promising strategy to obtain healthier foal burgers with improved nutritional characteristics without affecting sensory properties.
Physicochemical properties of hydrophobic and hydrophilic peptides from oyster protein
Authors: Wang Ziye , Cheng Shuzhen , Wu Di , Xu Zhe , Xu Shiqi , Tu Maolin , Du Ming 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThe physicochemical properties of the hydrophilic peptides (HIPs) and the hydrophobic peptides (HOPs) from the oyster protein hydrolysates (OPHs) were analysed. The technology of high‐performance liquid chromatography and dynamic light scattering was used to determine the molecular weights and the particle sizes of HIP and HOP. About 60–70% of them had a molecular weight below 500 Da and the particle size was all about 100 nm, which were smaller than OPH. Furthermore, compared with OPH and HIP, HOPs have obvious advantages in surface hydrophobic and emulsifying properties because they have more hydrophobic groups on the surface. The emulsifying activity and emulsion stability of HOP can be significantly improved from 3.80 to 42.88 m2 g−1 and 131.17–163.70 min, respectively, because of its high surface hydrophobicity. Thus, our results suggest that HOPs have a great potential to be developed as an emulsifier.
A process‐oriented, multilevel, multidimensional conceptual framework of work–life balance support: A multidisciplinary systematic literature review and future research agenda
Authors: Fan Yuyang , Potočnik Kristina , Chaudhry Sara 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWork–life balance is shaped not only by how individuals manage their personal demands and resources, but also by stressors and work–life balance support mechanisms from external environment encompassing multilevel social systems. Our systematic literature review focuses particularly on the role ofwork–life balance support, drawing on 384 journal articles and book chapters published between 1960 and 2019 across five research disciplines, including management, applied psychology, industrial relations, family studies and sociology. We make four major contributions to the literature, including: (1) conceptualizing work–life balance support from aprocess‐orientedperspective pertinent to a virtuous cycle of resource investment and return, drawing on theconservation of resources theoryand thepersonal resource allocation framework; (2) adopting amultilevelapproach that construes the interactions in terms of resource changes between individuals’ work–life experiences and their surrounding social systems nested at multiple levels, applying thesocio‐ecological systems theory; (3) proposing amultidimensionaltypology that differentiates the role of actual existence versus subjective perception of support mechanisms as inspired by social support literature; and (4) advocating apluralist,multi‐stakeholderapproach to comprehending and reconciling multiple stakeholders’ shared and competing interests around provision/utilization of support mechanisms based on insights frommultidisciplinaryliterature. Our process‐oriented, multilevel and multidimensional framework conceptualizes the critical role of work–life balance support in iterative interactions between individuals and their multilevel social environment through resource changes and reality–perception transformation. This conceptual framework also underscores the importance of pluralist thinking, context specification and cost‐effectiveness analysis for future research.
Outpatient autologous stem cell transplantation in Royal Hobart Hospital, Tasmania: a single‐centre, retrospective review in the Australian setting
Authors: Tan Xuan Ni , Yew Chang Yang , Ragg Scott J. , Harrup Rosemary A. , Johnston Anna M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundSeveral international centres have published their experiences with outpatient autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) as treatment of haematological malignancies.AimIn this single‐centre retrospective review, we aim to examine the outcomes of outpatient autograft and review healthcare resource utilisation in the pre‐cytopenic period.MethodsPatients undergoing ASCT in Royal Hobart Hospital, Tasmania between 2008 and 2018 had their records reviewed and key outcomes data collected based on whether they received inpatient/outpatient ASCT. An outpatient ASCT was defined as conditioning as an outpatient; patients could then be managed with an elective admission during the cytopenic period or admission only when clinically indicated.ResultsOf 231 ASCT performed, 135 (58%) were as outpatients: 59 used carmustine‐etoposide‐cytarabine‐melphalan conditioning for lymphoma (BEAM‐ASCT) and 76 used high‐dose melphalan for myeloma and amyloidosis (MEL‐ASCT). Approximately one‐third of patients undergoing outpatient ASCT were admitted electively during nadir period; the majority of patients required minimal interventions prior to this time. The most common causes for unplanned hospitalisation (which occurred in 71 (80%) of the 89 planned outpatient transplants) were febrile neutropenia (39%) and mucositis (35%). Age was the only risk factor identified to increase risk of requiring unplanned hospitalisation. Use of oral antibiotic prophylaxis reduced febrile neutropenia rates among melphalan outpatient ASCT. Outpatient ASCT led to significantly reduced inpatient bed‐days and overall cost (approximately A$13 000–A$16 000) compared with inpatient autografts, with no significant differences in engraftment, rates of febrile neutropenia, intensive care admissions or mortality.ConclusionOutpatient autografts may save healthcare resources without compromising patient outcomes.