bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to constrain warm dark matter with the Lyman-α forest
Authors: Garzilli Antonella , Magalich Andrii , Ruchayskiy Oleg , Boyarsky Alexey 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The flux power spectrum (FPS) of the high-resolution Lyman-α forest data exhibits suppression at small scales. The origin of this suppression can be due to long-sought warm dark matter (WDM) or to thermal effects, related to the largely unknown reionization history of the Universe. Previous works explored a specific class of reionization histories that exhibit sufficiently strong thermal suppression and leave little room for WDM interpretation. In this work, we choose a different class of reionization histories, fully compatible with available data on evolution of reionization, but much colder than the reionization histories used by previous authors in determining the nature of dark matter, thus leaving the broadest room for the WDM interpretation of the suppression in the FPS. We find that WDM thermal relics with masses below 1.9 keV (95 per cent CL) would produce a suppression at scales that are larger than observed maximum of the FPS, independently of assumptions about thermal effects. This WDM mass is significantly lower than previously claimed bounds, demonstrating the level of systematic uncertainty of the Lyman-α forest method, due to the previous modelling. We also discuss how this uncertainty may affect also data at large scales measured by eBOSS(Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey).
What to expect when using globular clusters as tracers of the total mass distribution in Milky Way-mass galaxies
Authors: Hughes Meghan E , Jethwa Prashin , Hilker Michael , van de Ven Glenn , Martig Marie , Pfeffer Joel L , Bastian Nate , Kruijssen J M Diederik , Trujillo-Gomez Sebastian , Reina-Campos Marta , Crain Robert A 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Dynamical models allow us to connect the motion of a set of tracers to the underlying gravitational potential, and thus to the total (luminous and dark) matter distribution. They are particularly useful for understanding the mass and spatial distribution of dark matter (DM) in a galaxy. Globular clusters (GCs) are an ideal tracer population in dynamical models, since they are bright and can be found far out into the halo of galaxies. We aim to test how well Jeans-Anisotropic-MGE (JAM) models using GCs (positions and line-of-sight velocities) as tracers can constrain the mass and radial distribution of DM haloes. For this, we use the E-MOSAICS suite of 25 zoom-in simulations of L* galaxies. We find that the DM halo properties are reasonably well recovered by the JAM models. There is, however, a strong correlation between how well we recover the mass and the radial distribution of the DM and the number of GCs in the galaxy: the constraints get exponentially worse with fewer GCs, and at least 150 GCs are needed in order to guarantee that the JAM model will perform well. We find that while the data quality (uncertainty on the radial velocities) can be important, the number of GCs is the dominant factor in terms of the accuracy and precision of the measurements. This work shows promising results for these models to be used in extragalactic systems with a sample of more than 150 GCs.
Genomics Reveals the Origins of Historical Specimens
Authors: Cong Qian , Shen Jinhui , Zhang Jing , Li Wenlin , Kinch Lisa N , Calhoun John V , Warren Andrew D , Grishin Nick V 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCenturies of zoological studies have amassed billions of specimens in collections worldwide. Genomics of these specimens promises to reinvigorate biodiversity research. However, because DNA degrades with age in historical specimens, it is a challenge to obtain genomic data for them and analyze degraded genomes. We developed experimental and computational protocols to overcome these challenges and applied our methods to resolve a series of long-standing controversies involving a group of butterflies. We deduced the geographical origins of several historical specimens of uncertain provenance that are at the heart of these debates. Here, genomics tackles one of the greatest problems in zoology: countless old specimens that serve as irreplaceable embodiments of species concepts cannot be confidently assigned to extant species or population due to the lack of diagnostic morphological features and clear documentation of the collection locality. The ability to determine where they were collected will resolve many on-going disputes. More broadly, we show the utility of applying genomics to historical museum specimens to delineate the boundaries of species and populations, and to hypothesize about genotypic determinants of phenotypic traits.
[68Ga]-DOTATATE PET/MRI as an adjunct imaging modality for radiation treatment planning of meningiomas
Authors: Mahase Sean S , Roth O’Brien Diana A , No Diana , Roytman Michelle , Skafida Myrto E , Lin Eaton , Karakatsanis Nicolas A , Osborne Joseph R , Brandmaier Andrew , Pannullo Susan C , Ramakrishna Rohan , Stieg Philip E , Knisely Jonathan P S , Ivanidze Jana 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Meningiomas express high levels of somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2). SSTR2-targeted PET imaging with [68Ga]-DOTATATE can aid with distinguishing residual meningioma from reactive changes in the postoperative setting. We present initial dosimetric analyses, acute events, and local control data utilizing [68Ga]-DOTATATE PET/MRI-assisted target delineation for prospectively-treated intermediate-risk meningiomas.

Methods
Twenty-nine patients underwent DOTATATE PET/MRI meningioma evaluation in 2019. Eight patients with 9 postoperative meningiomas met RTOG 0539 intermediate-risk criteria (recurrent WHO grade I, 1/9; WHO grade II, 8/9). Target volumes were created using DOTATATE PET/MRI to determine residual disease and received a nominal dose of 35.0 Gy over 5 fractions. For comparison, cases were recontoured and planned with MRI alone per RTOG 0539 guidelines. Mean and maximum equivalent 2 Gy doses were generated for target volumes and organs at risk (OAR) within 1 cm of the PTV and compared using Wilcoxon matched pairs signed rank test.

Results
DOTATATE PET/MRI-guided planning significantly reduced mean PTV (11.12 cm3 compared to 71.39 cm3 based on MRI alone, P &lt; .05) and mean and max dose to the whole brain, optic nerves, and scalp. PET/MRI plans resulted in at least 50% reduction of mean and max doses to the lens, eyes, chiasm, cochlea, brainstem, and hippocampi. One patient experienced focal alopecia. There were no local recurrences at 6 months.

Conclusion
Incorporating DOTATATE-PET/MRI for postoperative target delineation in patients with intermediate-risk intracranial meningiomas results in PTV reduction and decreased OAR dose. Our findings warrant larger studies evaluating DOTATATE-PET/MRI in the radiotherapeutic planning of postoperative meningiomas.
Durable 5-year local control for resected brain metastases with early adjuvant SRS: the effect of timing on intended-field control
Authors: Bander Evan D , Yuan Melissa , Reiner Anne S , Panageas Katherine S , Ballangrud Åse M , Brennan Cameron W , Beal Kathryn , Tabar Viviane , Moss Nelson S 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdjuvant stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) improves the local control of resected brain metastases (BrM). However, the dependency of long-term outcomes on SRS timing relative to surgery remains unclear.MethodsRetrospective analysis of patients treated with metastasectomy-plus-adjuvant SRS at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) between 2013 and 2016 was conducted. Kaplan-Meier methodology was used to describe overall survival (OS) and cumulative incidence rates were estimated by type of recurrence, accounting for death as a competing event. Recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) and competing risks regression modeling assessed prognostic variables and associated events of interest.ResultsTwo hundred and eighty-two patients with BrM had a median OS of 1.5 years (95% CI: 1.2-2.1) from adjuvant SRS with median follow-up of 49.8 months for survivors. Local surgical recurrence, other simultaneously SRS-irradiated site recurrence, and distant central nervous system (CNS) progression rates were 14.3% (95% CI: 10.1-18.5), 4.9% (95% CI: 2.3-7.5), and 47.5% (95% CI: 41.4-53.6) at 5 years, respectively. Median time-to-adjuvant SRS (TT-SRS) was 34 days (IQR: 27-39). TT-SRS was significantly associated with surgical site recurrence rate (P = 0.0008). SRS delivered within 1 month resulted in surgical site recurrence rate of 6.1% (95% CI: 1.3-10.9) at 1-year, compared to 9.2% (95% CI: 4.9-13.6) if delivered between 1 and 2 months, or 27.3% (95% CI: 0.0-55.5) if delivered &gt;2 months after surgery. OS was significantly lower for patients with TT-SRS &gt;~2 months. Postoperative length of stay, discharge to a rehabilitation facility, urgent care visits, and/or disease recurrence between surgery and adjuvant SRS associated with increased TT-SRS.ConclusionsAdjuvant SRS provides durable local control. However, delays in initiation of postoperative SRS can decrease its efficacy.
1000 Wh L−1 lithium-ion batteries enabled by crosslink-shrunk tough carbon encapsulated silicon microparticle anodes
Authors: Chen Fanqi , Han Junwei , Kong Debin , Yuan Yifei , Xiao Jing , Wu Shichao , Tang Dai-Ming , Deng Yaqian , Lv Wei , Lu Jun , Kang Feiyu , Yang Quan-Hong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Microparticulate silicon (Si), normally shelled with carbons, features higher tap density and less interfacial side reactions compared to its nanosized counterpart, showing great potential to be applied as high-energy lithium-ion battery anodes. However, localized high stress generated during fabrication and particularly, under operating, could induce cracking of carbon shells and release pulverized nanoparticles, significantly deteriorating its electrochemical performance. Here we design a strong yet ductile carbon cage from an easily processing capillary shrinkage of graphene hydrogel followed by precise tailoring of inner voids. Such a structure, analog to the stable structure of plant cells, presents ‘imperfection-tolerance’ to volume variation of irregular Si microparticles, maintaining the electrode integrity over 1000 cycles with Coulombic efficiency over 99.5%. This design enables the use of a dense and thick (3 mAh cm–2) microparticulate Si anode with an ultra-high volumetric energy density of 1048 Wh L–1 achieved at pouch full-cell level coupled with a LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode.
Strength of Recommendation and Quality of Evidence for Recommendations in Current Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines
Authors: Miles Kaitlin E , Rodriguez Ryan , Gross Alan E , Kalil Andre C 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) is a systematic approach to grading strength of recommendation (SOR) and quality of evidence (QOE) for guideline recommendations. We aimed to assess the relationship between SOR and QOE in current Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines.

Methods
In this cross-sectional analysis, we analyzed the frequency of SOR-QOE pairings, including discordance (defined as strong SOR based on expert opinion, very low, or low QOE) for GRADEd recommendations in IDSA guidelines published since 2010. Data for each recommendation were extracted on SOR, QOE, the domain of disease management (one or more of diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and other categories), and relevance to drug or nondrug treatment.

Results
Seventeen eligible guidelines provided 1042 unique GRADEd recommendations (n = 237, 711, 76, and 73 pertaining to diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and other domains, respectively; n = 574 and 137 pertaining to drug and nondrug treatment). Overall, the most common SOR was strong (71.8%; n = 748) and the most common QOE was low (48.6%; n = 506). Among all strong recommendations, 47.1% (n = 352) demonstrated discordance with QOE. By domain, strong recommendations were discordant in 36.6%, 51.4%, 29.3%, and 58.1% of recommendations pertaining to diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and other domains, respectively. Similarly, 50.7% and 54.0% of strong recommendations related to drug and nondrug treatment were discordant, respectively. We identified 39.6% of discordant recommendations to be consistent with good practice statements, which are recommended to be labeled as such without formal GRADEd designations of SOR or QOE.

Conclusions
Among all IDSA guideline recommendations with strong SOR, approximately half were discordant with QOE, and this frequency varied across strata of domains of disease management.
Low Cycle Threshold Value in Xpert MTB/RIF Assay May Herald False Detection of Tuberculosis and Rifampicin Resistance: A Study of Two Cases
Authors: Ngabonziza Jean Claude S , Decroo Tom , Maniliho Rodrigue , Habimana Yves M , Van Deun Armand , de Jong Bouke C 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We report 2 cases for whom Xpert MTB/RIF falsely signaled rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis, based on unusually low cycle threshold and 3 of 5 probes missing. Other mycobacterial tests were negative. Further optimization of the Xpert MTB/RIF algorithm is warranted.
Anterior Petrosal [Kawase] Approach to Meckel's Cave Meningioma: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Khan Nickalus R , Liounakos Jason I , Morcos Jacques J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Meningiomas arising from Dorello's canal
1-3
are a rare disease entity often resulting in an unclear diagnosis even at the time of surgery.
4,5
We present a case of a 63-yr-old man who presented with a sixth nerve palsy. He was found to have a lesion in the region of Meckel's cave on neuroimaging studies. Additionally, there were cutaneous and joint complaints that gave rise to a clinical possibility of sarcoidosis. The differential diagnosis also included meningioma or other inflammatory processes. The patient underwent a right-sided middle fossa approach and partial anterior petrosectomy (Kawase approach). Meckel's cave was opened, the tumor resected, and the petrosphenoid ligament (Gruber's) was identified. It was a meningioma. The case presentation, surgical anatomy, technique, and postoperative course and outcome are reviewed.
The patient gave verbal consent for participating in the procedure and surgical video.
Superficial Temporal Artery to Middle Cerebral Artery Cranial Bypass for Nonmoyamoya Steno-Occlusive Disease in Patients Who Failed Optimal Medical Treatment: A Case Series
Authors: Haynes Joseph , Kronenburg Annick , Raz Eytan , Rostanski Sara , Yaghi Shadi , Ishida Koto , Shapiro Maksim , Nelson Peter Kim , Tanweer Omar , Langer David J , Riina Howard A , Eichel Roni , Nossek Erez 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
In the post-Carotid Occlusion Surgery Study (COSS) era, multiple reviews suggested subset groups of patients as potential candidates for superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass. Among them are patients with recurrent strokes despite optimal medical therapy. There is a paucity of data on the outcome of bypass in these specific patients.

OBJECTIVE
To examine the safety and efficacy of direct STA-MCA bypass in patients with nonmoyamoya, symptomatic steno-occlusive disease with impaired distal perfusion, who failed optimal medical management or endovascular treatment.

METHODS
A retrospective review was performed to identify patients with cerebrovascular steno-occlusive disease who underwent bypass after symptomatic recurrent or rapidly progressive strokes, despite optimal conservative or endovascular treatment.

RESULTS
A total of 8 patients (mean age 60 ± 6 yr) underwent direct or combined direct/indirect STA-MCA bypass between 2016 and 2019. All anastomoses were patent. One bypass carried slow flow. There were no procedure-related permanent deficits. One patient developed seizures which were controlled by medications. A total of 7 out of 8 patients were stable or improved clinically at last follow-up (mean 27.3 ± 13.8 mo) without recurrent strokes. One patient did not recover from their presenting stroke, experienced severe bilateral strokes 4 mo postoperatively, and subsequently expired. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) improved in 6 patients (75%), remained stable in 1 patient (12.5%), and deteriorated in 1 (12.5%). Good long-term functional outcome was achieved in 5 patients (63%, mRS ≤ 2).

CONCLUSION
Patients with symptomatic, hypoperfused steno-occlusive disease who fail optimal medical or endovascular treatment may benefit from cerebral revascularization. Direct or combined STA-MCA bypass was safe and provided favorable outcomes in this small series.
Introduction
Authors: Levin Susan B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOptimally, would decisions be reached by reason alone? Would existence be better if we felt only pleasure, having excised the capacity to experience anything deemed unpleasant? Are key societal challenges we face rooted in human biology, to which, therefore, we should look for solutions? Such questions draw our attention to contending values and aspirations in today’s debate over human enhancement. The stakes of how this debate turns out are highest for transhumanism, whose proponents urge humanity’s self-transcendence via science and technology. In this introduction, Susan B. Levin states that Posthuman Bliss? The Failed Promise of Transhumanism will challenge transhumanists’ views of the mind, brain, ethics, liberal democracy, knowledge, and reality in a thoroughgoing and integrated way. Against the backdrop of this critique, the author will defend a perspective on living well that incorporates insights from Aristotle’s virtue ethics but is adapted to the ideas and promise of liberal democracy.
Evaluating the Debate Thus Far over Moral Bioenhancement
Authors: Levin Susan B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo avoid “ultimate harm,” or human extinction, Ingmar Persson and Julian Savulescu maintain that a species-wide, biological upgrade of human morality is required. To support their claim that we already possess biological kernels of their featured, prosocial attitudes, they rely implausibly on evolutionary psychology. Further, they support “neuroessentialism” and misconceive what genetic manipulation could deliver regarding complex phenotypic traits. Alongside their talk of augmenting prosocial attitudes, Persson and Savulescu stress that, to forestall ultimate harm, what we ultimately require is the elimination of antisocial acts. Though presented as two interpretive lenses on one endeavor, their prosocial and antisocial focuses represent different agendas for our moral alteration. Further, from their utilitarian standpoint, if making antisocial acts impossible to perform were a streamlined route to avoiding extinction, then this is what we should do. Persson and Savulescu’s antisocial focus, in particular, reflects a willingness to forgo what makes human existence worth conducting.
Neural Reuse and Recycling
Authors: Zerilli John 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
“Neural reuse” refers to the exaptation of established and relatively fixed neural circuits without loss of original function/use. Reuse arises over the course of normal development and evolution. The evidence of this phenomenon speaks most loudly against the idea of strict domain-specificity. It seems that no area of the brain is exempt from redeployment, with areas of the brain traditionally considered to be among the most domain-specific (such as sensory areas) also contributing their computational/structural resources to other domains, including those involving language. The evidence supporting reuse takes many forms, among them evolutionary and developmental considerations, computational considerations, and the neuroimaging and biobehavioral literature.
Brahms in the Priesthood of Art
Authors: McManus Laurie 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Brahms in the Priesthood of Art: Gender and Art Religion in the Nineteenth-Century German Musical Imagination explores the intersection of gender, art religion (Kunstreligion), and other aesthetic currents in Brahms reception of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In particular, it focuses on the theme of the self-sacrificing musician devoted to his art, or “priest of music,” with its quasi-mystical and German Romantic implications of purity seemingly at odds with the lived reality of Brahms’s bourgeois existence. While such German Romantic notions of art religion informed the thinking on musical purity and performance, after the failed socio-political revolutions of 1848/49, and in the face of scientific developments, the very concept of musical priesthood was questioned as outmoded. Furthermore, its essential gender ambiguity, accommodating such performing mothers as Clara Schumann and Amalie Joachim, could explain why Brahms never married while leaving the composer open to speculation about his health and masculinity. Supportive critics combined elements of masculine and feminine values with a muddled rhetoric of prophets, messiahs, martyrs, and other art-religious stereotypes to account for the special status of Brahms and his circle. Detractors tended to locate these stereotypes in more modern, fin-de-siècle psychological frameworks that scrutinized the composer’s physical and mental well-being. In analyzing these receptions side by side, this book revises the accepted image of Brahms, recovering lost ambiguities in his reception. It resituates him not only in a romanticized priesthood of art but also within the cultural and gendered discourses overlooked by the absolute music paradigm.
Imperatives of Purity and Sensuality
Authors: McManus Laurie 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the factors contributing to the debates over musical purity and sensuality that had formed a significant thread of music criticism by the early 1850s, when Brahms began his career. The construction of purity developed in two interrelated ways: First, through the German Romantic valuation of music from Bach and earlier; this early music’s contrapuntal techniques and mostly diatonic harmony were praised as pure and moral by a range of commentators from E. T. A. Hoffmann to Justus Thibaut to Dominicus Mettenleiter. Second, in Eduard Hanslick’s famous 1854 treatise, Vom Musikalisch-Schönen, he attempted to divorce music from its extra-musical and political contexts; nonetheless, his argument retained the connotations of moral superiority while claiming purity for contemporary instrumental music. Pure music stood in opposition to Wagnerian sensuality, a Young Hegelian development that presented revisionist notions not only of opera but also of music’s meaning and communicative power. In this context, ideas of musical purity came under fire just as Brahms began his compositional career.
The Temptation of Opera
Authors: McManus Laurie 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores opera—established as the antithesis of musical priesthood—as a site of debate over musical sensuality including the gendered discourse on opera and the critique of purity in those composers who, in Wagner’s words, “failed” to write opera with their “chaste and innocent hands.” A generation of revolutionary music critics, including Rudolf Benfey and Ludwig Eckardt, applied these Wagnerian values to Brahms with negative results, depicting purity as his weakest characteristic. Brahms’s own potential libretti and styles of opera in the 1860s and 1870s seem to explore alternatives to the Wagnerian Gesamtkunstwerk, from genres such as the oratorio to Singspiel, and topics including Carlo Gozzi’s eighteenth-century fairy-tale plays. Two of Brahms’s works from this period, the Op. 57 Daumer lieder and Op. 50 Rinaldo, contain dramatic and erotic elements that inspired some contemporaries to hope Brahms would take the next step toward an opera.