bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tingbjerg Changing Diabetes: Dynamic intersectoral collaboration in community health promotion
Authors: Bloch P 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Intersectoral collaborative action is a beneficial and cost-effective strategy in health promotion and multilevel, comprehensive interventions are increasingly used to prevent chronic diseases. Yet, more knowledge is needed on processes of sustainable intersectoral partnership building. Tingbjerg Changing Diabetes (TCD) is a long-term (2014-2032) initiative to promote health and prevent type 2 diabetes in the socially disadvantaged neighbourhood Tingbjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark. TCD applies the Supersetting approach to mobilise community resources and to attain synergistic effects through coordinated engagement of multiple stakeholders in multiple settings in local community. The Supersetting approach constitute five core principles: integration, participation, empowerment, context-sensitivity, knowledge. Activities draw on Community Action Research.

Methods
The paper analyses partnership building processes in TCD. Data includes contextual analyses, log data, notes from partner meetings/workshops, partner interviews and activity process evaluations. Partners include educational, private and public institutions (incl. Copenhagen Municipality), a local political committee, social housing associations and research institutions.

Results
Drivers of sustainability of TCD related partnerships included trusting, dynamic and flexible relations established at multiple levels of involvement. Local resource identification and co-creation processes ensured feasibility of activities by involving most relevant partners. The evolvement of interrelated project activities based on shared goals, structures and principles fostered cohesion of TCD's intersectoral partner collaboration.

Conclusions
The intersectoral partner collaboration in TCD was established, maintained and expanded through iterative processes of activity and project development. Thus, TCD has been effective in mobilizing and integrating multiple intersectoral partners in community health promotion.

Key messages
The sustainability of TCD intersectoral partner engagement and collaboration is driven by dynamic relations at multiple levels ensuring consistent, yet flexible engagement. The iterative project development building on community interests and shared goals, structures and principles maintain the dynamic partnerships of TCD.
Alcohol packaging as a promotional tool: A focus group study with young adult drinkers in Scotland
Authors: Jones D , Moodie C , Purves RI , Fitzgerald N , Crockett R 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Given the dearth of research on consumer perceptions of alcohol packaging as a marketing tool, with existing studies focused on children and adolescents, our aim was to explore how young adults view and engage with alcohol packaging.

Methods
Eight focus groups were conducted in Glasgow (Scotland) in September 2019 with young adult drinkers (n = 50), segmented by age (18-24, 25-35), gender (female, male) and social grade (ABC1, C2DE). Participants were shown, allowed to handle, and asked about, a range of alcoholic products. Data were analysed thematically using an inductive approach.

Results
Five main themes emerged from the data. The first was the ubiquity of alcohol packaging, with frequent exposure reported in different settings, such as shops and drinking venues, and via marketing. The second was appeal, with pack graphics (e.g. colour), structure (e.g. shape, size) and promotions (e.g. gifts, limited-editions) allowing alcohol packs to capture attention, enable products to stand out on shelves, and help create product and brand liking, interest and choice. Third, alcohol packaging was frequently associated with specific occasions and activities. Fourth, alcohol packaging informed perceptions of product-consumer targeting, suitability, and intended drinker profiles. Fifth, alcohol packaging also engaged non-visual senses, guiding expectations of product taste and palatability.

Conclusions
For young adult drinkers in Scotland, alcohol packaging can capture attention, create appeal, and help shape perceptions of the product, drinker and drinking experience.

Key messages
Alcohol packaging is a key marketing communications vehicle, which can attract attention, create product and brand liking, interest and choice, guide expectations, and influence purchasing decisions. Alcohol packaging conveys messages of consumer-product suitability and acceptability, helping to reinforce perceptions that alcohol is a desirable product via pack structure, graphics, and promotions.
Co-designing a training package to promote health/oral health for people experiencing homelessness
Authors: Rodriguez A , Biazus Dalcin C , McGoldrick N , van Blerk L , Murray C , Freeman R 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
In Scotland, 31,333 households were assessed as experiencing homelessness in 2019/20. This population present high morbidity and mortality which is a public health issue. Their health needs have been identified within Scottish policy as part of the broad goal of reducing inequalities and poverty. Those experiencing homelessness face multiple exclusions that must be addressed by practitioners from all health and social care sectors. Frontline staff have identified they often do not have adequate information and/or training on wider health issues linked with their client's needs. The aim of this research is to co-produce training resources to support front-line staff to discuss and to promote health and oral health.

Methods
Community-based participatory research that used online workshops to listen to the views of people with lived experience, practitioners and students from health and third sector, and policy makers regarding accessibility of services and practitioner approach towards those experiencing homelessness. Content analysis will be used to identified recurrent themes.

Results
The preliminary findings shown that lack of empathy from practitioners, continuity of care and stigma are barriers to access services. This is informing a co-designed knowledge exchange training packaged to help practitioners to improve knowledge and ability to promote health/oral health and to engage with people experiencing homelessness or at risk of becoming homeless. Educational materials (e-book on health promotion, comics books on barriers to access services, and a guide to promote oral health) compose this training package.

Conclusions
The training package allows adaptations to different settings and contexts and will be an important resource to be used by practitioners from different fields to prevent and tackle homelessness. Participants are sharing important views related to the need of a human rights and social justice-based approach to health promotion.

Key messages
Development of a co-designed knowledge exchange training package to improve practitioners' knowledge and ability to communicate and to engage with people experiencing homelessness. To empower people experiencing homelessness regarding positive health/oral health behavior change.
Two interventions to help smokers quit - when less is more
Authors: Kovačević J , Kosic Bibic N , Sovic S , Musil V , Zombori D , Juresa V 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Smoking cessation has known individual health benefits and significant positive economic effect at the population level. Interventions aiming to help smokers quit are available in most EU countries, involving individual or group-work and pharmacotherapy. Public health resources are limited and insufficient. Research, comparing different approaches taking into account necessary resources, is needed to select the most effective interventions. Since 2008 in Pozega-Slavonia County, Croatia, there have been two organized programs, without pharmacotherapy, for smokers. Namely: “Non-smoking school” as an intensive group-work and the “Quit and win” based contest combined with individual support. We compared the two approaches, measured as costs for human and material resources. The aim was to determine which approach costs less for the same outcome defined as one long term (6 months) successful ex-smoker.
There were 63 smokers in the group program. The 30 day abstinence rate was 77.8% (49/63), and out of those 38.8% (19/49) abstained long term. Follow up rate was 100%. Group-work cost was €10,702/63 smokers; €170 per smoker, €218 for a short term and €563 for a long term ex-smoker. Human resources cost were 96.5% of the resources. There were 153 smokers in the contest. Short term abstinence rate was 73.9% (113/153) and out of those 34.1% (31/91) abstained long term. Follow up rate was 80.5%. Contest cost was €11,292/153 smokers; €74 per smoker, €100 for a short term and €364 for a long term ex-smoker. Human resources cost were 45.2% of the resources. In the contest, equivalent long term abstinence rates were achieved for only 64.7% of resources and 50% less human resources (96.5% vs. 45.2% human resources in all resources) compared to group therapy program. Novel combination of evidence-based approaches “Quit and win” with individual support shows promising results using less human and material resources delivering results comparable to costlier intensive group-work.

Key messages
We have shown that an extra financial spending significantly reduces work-load resulting in lower cost per ex-smoker. Contests could be used as a successful method to help smokers quit, using the same limited resources available.
Government political ideology and COVID-19 public health policy responses
Authors: Vasco Santos João 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The global spread of COVID-19 has led to a wide range of pandemic response measures, heterogeneous between countries, varying mostly in time and duration of implementation. Common measures include social distancing, travel restrictions, school closings, bans on public gatherings, investment in healthcare, contact tracing and other public health interventions. Although response measures to COVID-19 in European countries were quite similar in the first moments of the pandemic, different types of measures, with various strictness levels, have been applied in subsequent months, with great diversity among countries, even in the European Union (EU) or European Economic Area (EEA). Governments have played a key role in these decisions. Therefore, it is of particular interest to understand the association between governments' political ideology and the public health policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this workshop, we will reflect on electoral outcomes in the past year in Europe, and discuss how governments' political ideology, including on a left-right axis, affected the strictness, or stringency, of restrictive measures applied in response to the pandemic progression, in conjunction with key variables such as incidence, hospital occupancy rate or test positivity rate. This might have implications for understanding how political ideology might influence public health policies in response to pandemics.
Experiences from one year Rapid Exchange Forum
Authors: Habl Claudia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The Rapid Exchange Forum (https://www.phiri.eu/wp8 ) within the PHIRI project offers policy advisors, commission services, knowledge-brokers, researchers and stakeholders working in the pandemic response a low-threshold exchange format. The delegates work on a technical level and complement the high-level Health Security Committee meetings. Since November 2020 meetings take place in a structured and efficient online format on a bi-weekly basis and are usually attended by 30 delegates from most European countries. The topics discussed (e.g., national vaccination strategies discussed in early January; planned studies on the long term effects of Covid-19 in April, etc.) are pre-selected based on a initial need's assessment in the PHIRI project (www.phiri.eu). The topics are put into voting one week before the meeting and the selected topic is answered by countries latest until one day after each meeting. Results are collected in a systematic, concise format and will be soon regularly published in the planned EU Health Information Portal. Concrete results for instance were, that Austria legally stopped the sole use of plastic mouth shields (visors) and replaced them by the FFP2-masks.
Building a federated research infrastructure for a policy-rapid response
Authors: Bernal-Delgado E , Estupiñán-Romero F , González-García J , Telleria-Orriols C , Thißen M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Mobilizing real world data from multiple data hubs in multiple countries to carry out policy-oriented research, requires orchestrating the governance of workflows, being compliant with legal and ethical requirements, and semantic harmonization and technological interoperability. In the context of PHIRI, policy-oriented research has to provide insight to policy-makers to cope with pandemics.

Methods
PHIRI builds this concept on the deployment of four use cases throughout a federated research infrastructure. A central hub orchestrates all the elements encompassing the development of such an infrastructure; so, a common governance model, common methodology pursuing semantic interoperability, and the development and deployment of technological solution containing ETL processes, data quality assessment solutions and data analyses, all packaged to be rolled out in the different data hubs composing the federation.

Results
A prototype orchestrating those workflows is being followed in four use cases: indirect effects of the pandemic on vulnerable populations, delayed breast cancer treatments due to the pandemic, perinatal health affections along the COVID19 crisis, effects of the pandemic on mental health care. A prototype of the technological platform supporting interoperable federated analyses has been prepared.

Conclusions
It is pertinent, feasible and reliable using a federated research infrastructure leveraging real world data from many data hubs in many countries to answer research queries on the COVID19 pandemic.
How the population worldwide is reacting to the COVID-19 vaccines: a systematic review on hesitancy
Authors: Failla G , Pantovic A , Al-Ajlouni Y , Ricciardi W , Cascini F 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
High rates of vaccination are worldwide required to establish a herd immunity stopping the current COVID-19 pandemic evolution. Vaccine hesitancy is a major barrier in achieving herd immunity across different populations. This study sought to conduct a systematic review of the current literature regarding attitudes and hesitancy to receiving COVID-19 vaccination worldwide.

Methods
A systematic literature search was performed in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Multiple databases were searched, namely PubMed and Web of Science, on February 24th, 2021 using a set of developed keywords. Inclusion criteria included the study to be 1) conducted in English; 2) investigated attitudes, hesitancy, and/or barriers to COVID-19 vaccine acceptability among a given population; 3) utilized validated measurements techniques; 4) have the full text paper available and 5) be peer-reviewed prior to final publication. The Newcastle Ottawa (NOS) scale for cross sectional studies was used to assess the quality of the studies.

Results
73 studies were included in qualitative synthesis. Overall, vaccine acceptance rates ranged from 23.6% in Kuwait to 94.3% in Malaysia and Nepal. A variety of different factors contributed to increased hesitancy, some of which included having negative perception of vaccine efficacy, safety, convenience and price. Some of the consistent socio-demographic groups that were identified to be associated with increased hesitancy included: women, younger participants, less educated, with lower income, with no insurance, living in the rural area and self-identified as a racial/ethnic minority.

Conclusions
Vaccine hesitancy rates against COVID-19 vaccine ranged widely among across different populations. Identifying the factors that interplay and result in high hesitancy rates among a population can allow formulating a directed intervention to increase their vaccination uptake rates.

Key messages
It is necessary to understand the factors that contribute to the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. It is important to inform policy-makers and formulate direct intervention measures that will successfully handle the pandemic.
Plant-based polyphenol-rich foods and beverages influence metabolic health in a Mediterranean cohort
Authors: Micek A , Currenti W , Godos J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
There is convincing evidence that a healthy diet may affect metabolic disorders and reduce the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases. Plant-based dietary patterns have been the focus of major interest for their potential in improving metabolic status of the general population. Besides their content in fiber, healthy fats, and antioxidant vitamins, also phytochemicals, such as polyphenols, have been called out as potential compounds driving the aforementioned benefits. This study aimed to explore the association between a plant-based foods and beverages rich in polyphenols and metabolic outcomes irrespectively of the role of the whole diet.

Methods
Demographic and dietary characteristics of 2044 adults living in southern Italy were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of the association between polyphenol-rich foods and beverage consumption and metabolic status, adjusted for adherence to the Mediterranean diet.

Results
Individuals with a higher total polyphenol-rich beverage intake (including coffee, tea, and red wine) had higher polyphenols intake and were less likely to have hypertension, type-2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia; however, when adjusted for potential confounding factors, only the association with hypertension remained significant (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.50-0.94). Higher nut intake was inversely associated with occurrence of hypertension, type-2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia. However, the association did not remain significant for the latter after adjusting for the main background characteristics, while an inverse association was stably confirmed for hypertension (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.46-0.80 and OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.26-0.74, respectively) even after adjusting for adherence to the Mediterranean diet.

Conclusions
Plant-based polyphenol-rich foods and beverages are major driver of metabolic benefits irrespectively of the overall adherence to the Mediterranean diet.

Key messages
Higher intake of plant-based polyphenol-rich foods may contribute to better metabolic health. Plant-based polyphenol-rich foods not characteristics of the Mediterranean diet could be underrated among individuals living in the Mediterranean area.
Lifecourse partnership breakups or years lived alone and low grade inflammation in middle-aged adults
Authors: Lund R , Davidsen K , Carstensen S , Kriegbaum M , Bruunsgaard H 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Divorce and living alone are associated with several adverse health outcomes. There is however very limited knowledge on the potential effects of exposure across the life course. The aim of this study is to investigate whether accumulated number of divorces/partnership breakups or years lived alone across 26 years of adult life, is associated with levels of low grade inflammation and if vulnerability with regards to gender or educational level can be identified.

Methods
4,835 participants from Copenhagen Aging and Midlife Biobank (CAMB) aged 48-62 were included. Accumulated number of partnership breakups and years living alone, were retrieved from a national standardized annual register. Inflammatory markers, Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and high sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP), were measured in plasma samples. Multivariate linear regression analyses were adjusted for age, educational level, early major life events, BMI, chronic diseases, medicinal intake that affects inflammation, acute inflammation, and personality scores (neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness).

Results
For men, two or more partnership breakups as well as living alone for 7+ years was associated with significantly higher levels of and inflammatory markers, i.e. 12-17% higher level of hsCRP and IL6 compared to the reference groups (no break-ups/0-1 years living alone) p-values &lt;0.0001-0.024. No associations were found for women, and no joint effect of partnership breakups and educational level was found for either gender.

Conclusions
The findings suggest a strong association between accumulated number of partnership breakups or years lived alone across 26 year of adult life and low grade inflammation for middle-aged men but not for women. No specific vulnerability among the lower was identified. The findings points towards the importance of developing tailored preventive initiatives to males experiencing several partner-break-ups or who lives alone for many years.

Key messages
Two or more partnership breakups or 7+ years lived alone across 26 year of adult life is associated with increased low grade inflammation for middle-aged men but not for women. No increased vulnerability among the low educated was identified.
Country Experience with using the Country Assessment Tool (Lessons learned)
Authors: Nordström C 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Difficulties in completing the CA concerned the availability of data and quality of data, also complicated by complex government structures. UK-level data are collected by various agencies and are often unavailable at Welsh level. Data on migrant health is not collected, apart from the Office of National Statistics scoping collection at UK level. There was no data available regarding refugees after they have been granted leave to remain, and the numbers in Wales not known. Research on migrant health is largely limited to people seeking sanctuary, and there is an ambitious cross-sector plan to make Wales the world's first Nation of Sanctuary. While there is limited visibility of migrants in health-related policies, rather references to ‘diverse communities' or ‘black and minority ethnic groups', Welsh policy in devolved areas e.g. Health are generally more inclusive of migrants than UK policy.
Lessons learned: It is difficult to retro fit data systems and trying to gather from mainstream information will vastly underestimate the underserved population groups such as migrants. Especially when sanctions against individuals and mistrust of officialdom may mean an unwillingness to engage. For asylum seekers these stakes are very high eg deportation. Hence specific bespoke systems of data capture are needed. Often using trusted others eg third sector organisations that support health, legal advocacy and other service reports are important.