bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of ATP-binding Cassette Transporter Genes Expression for Treatment Failure in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Boozhmehrani Mohammad Javad , Eslami Gilda , Khamesipour Ali , Jafari Abbas Ali , Vakili Mahmood 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Leishmaniasis is one of the common diseases transmitted by sand flies in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Currently, antimonal derivatives are the first line of treatment. Some of the members of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family of Leishmania are shown to be associated with resistance to antimonial. In this study, we evaluated ABCI4, ABCG2, ABCC7, and ABCC3 gene expression in Leishmania isolated from patients with non-healing cutaneous leishmaniasis. Results: Five cases were treatment failure that all of them were identified as L. major. All treatment failure clinical isolates were L. major. Gene expression analysis in treatment failure isolates showed that the ABC transported genes had a different pattern in each isolate. ABCC7 had overexpression in all isolates. Among the treatment failure isolates, only one sample had overexpression in all ABC transporter genes under study. Conclusions: Treatment failure has been reported for cutaneous leishmaniasis worldwide. Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of treatment failure could solve this problem. ABC transporter genes are considered controversy over the mechanisms of treatment failure outcomes. In this study, we showed that ABC transporter genes could be considered one the important mechanisms.
Gut and Colony Microbiota of Honey Bees: Social Immunity and Opportunism Overwinter
Authors: Anderson Kirk E. , Maes Patrick 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Overwintering is a major contributor to honey bee colony loss and involves factors that influence disease susceptibility. Honey bees possess a secretory head gland that interfaces with the extended social environment on many levels. With the coming of winter, colonies produce a long-lived (diutinus) worker phenotype that survives until environmental conditions improve. We used a known-age worker cohort to investigate microbiome integrity and social gene expression of diutinus workers overwinter. We provide additional context by contrasting host-microbial interactions from warm outdoor and cold indoor overwintering environments. Our results provide the first evidence that social immune gene expression is associated with diutinus bees, and highlight the midgut as a target of opportunistic disease overwinter. Host microbial interactions suggest opportunistic disease progression and resistance in diutinus workers, but susceptibility to opportunistic disease in younger workers that emerged during the winter, including increases in Enterobacteriaceae, fungal load and bacterial diversity abundance. The results are consistent with increased social immunity overwinter, including host associations with the colony microbiota, and a social immune response by long-lived diutinus workers to combat microbial opportunism. The cost/benefit ratio associated with limited expression of the diutinus phenotype may be a strong determinant of colony survival overwinter.
Multiscale Simulation of Temperature- and Pressure-dependent Nonlinear Dynamics of PMMA/CNT Composite Plates
Authors: Wang J.F. , Shi S.Q , Liu Y.Z. , Yang J.P. , Tam Lik-ho 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Owing to the excellent mechanical properties, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composite has been increasingly adopted in the aerospace field, which is usually subjected to various temperature conditions and supersonic aerodynamic loads. Using a molecular dynamics (MD)-based multiscale simulation, the nonlinear forced vibration of PMMA/CNT composite plate is investigated under coupled temperature and aerodynamic loads conditions. The longitudinal, transverse, and shear moduli of PMMA/single-walled CNT (SWCNT) nanocomposite obtained from MD simulation at different temperature and pressure levels are substituted into the extended rule of mixtures to establish the constitutive equations of PMMA/CNT composite plate. Meanwhile, Poisson’s ratio and thermal expansion coefficient of nanocomposite are used in the constitutive equations. Based on the third-order shear deformation theory, von-Karman nonlinear strain-displacement relation, and Hamilton’s principle, the partial differential equation of composite plate is derived, which is reduced into a set of coupled ordinary differential equations by applying Galerkin method and is solved using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The phase portraits and time histories of composite plate are obtained under the complex loads including transverse harmonic excitation and aerodynamic pressure, which are applied to analyze the dynamic characteristics of system. This study reveals the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of PMMA/CNT composite plate, which contributes to the prediction of long-term performance of composite materials in aerospace field.
Behavioral and Demographic Predictors of Exercise During A COVID-19 Lockdown in Three Ghanaian Cities
Authors: Asiamah Nestor , Mends-Brew Edwin , Danquah Emelia , Opuni Frank Frimpong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: This study assessed behavioral and demographic correlates of exercise during a COVID-19 lockdown in three cities. A cross-sectional design was employed. An online survey was used to collect data from residents of three Ghanaian cities, namely Accra, Kumasi, and Tamale.Methods: A total of 621 residents participated in the study. Most of the participants had tertiary educational qualifications and were aged 18 to 54 years. A binary logistic regression was used to present findings.Results: The results indicate that unemployed participants were about 13 times more likely to exercise than those who were employed. Individuals aged 25 to 30 years were about 0.7 times less likely to exercise compared with those aged 18 to 24 years. Participants with one or more chronic diseases were about 19 times more likely to exercise compared with those without a chronic condition. Residents who reported a reduction in moderate physical activity time of between 30 to 60 minutes were less likely to exercise compared with those who did not.Conclusion: The study concludes that the behavioral and demographic correlates of exercise during the lockdown are age, chronic disease status, employment, physical activity time lost, smoking, and domestic violence experience.
Bound States in the Continuum (BIC) Protected By Self-Sustained Potential Barriers in a Flat Band System
Authors: Zhang Yi-Cai 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this work, we investigate the bound states in the continuum (BIC) of a one-dimensional spin-1 flat band system with a potential of type III, which has a unique non-vanishing matrix element in basis |1⟩. It is found that, for such a kind of potential, there exists an effective attractive potential well surrounded by infinitely high self-sustained barriers. Some bound states in the continuum (BIC) can appear for sufficiently strong potential. These bound states (BIC) are protected by the infinitely high potential barriers, which could not decay into the continuum. Taking a long-ranged Coulomb potential and a short-ranged exponential potential as two examples, the bound state energies are obtained. For a Coulomb potential, there exists a series of critical potential strength, near which the bound state energy can goes to infinite. For a sufficiently strong exponential potential, there exists two different bound states with a same number of wave function nodes. The existences of BIC protected by the self-sustained potential barriers is quite a universal phenomenon in the flat band system under a strong potential. A necessary condition for existence of BIC is that the maximum value of potential is larger than two times band gap.
Targeting the ARNTL2 Gene as a Potential Strategy for Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Huan , Li Ming , Yu Xiangyang , Shan Guangyao , Jin Xing , Feng Mingxiang , Zhan Cheng , Wang Hao , Lin Miao , Wang Qun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The relationship between biorhythm and cancer has been increasingly reported in recent years. As one of the core transcription factors of biorhythm, ARNTL2 is thought to be implicated in the occurrence and development of many malignant tumors, such as breast cancer. However, the role of ARNTL2 in lung adenocarcinoma remains elusive. In the current study, we found that expression of ARNTL2 was markedly upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma, and high ARNTL2 expression was correlated with advanced N stage and poor survival in patients. Moreover, ARNTL2 expression levels are closely associated with many important features of lung adenocarcinoma, such as tumor immune microenvironment, ferroptosis, microsatellite instability, tumor mutational load, and drug sensitivity. ARNTL2 could also promote proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells. In addition, we found that high ARNTL2 expression might promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis and promotion of angiogenesis of tumor cells. In conclusion, our study reveals that ARNTL2 is a prognostic and promising therapeutic biomarker for people with lung adenocarcinoma.
Spectral features and optimal Hierarchical Attention Networks for Pulmonary abnormality detection from the Respiratory Sound signals
Authors: DAR JAWAD AHMAD , lone sajaad Ahmad , Srivast Kamal Kr 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

The most important concern in the medical field is to consider the analysis of data and perform accurate diagnosis. However, the analysis of pulmonary abnormalities may depend on the diagnostic experience and the medical skills of the physicians, and is a time-consuming practice. In order to solve such issues, an efficient Water Cycle Swarm Optimizer-based Hierarchical Attention Network (WCSO-based HAN) is developed for detecting the pulmonary abnormalities from the respiratory sounds signals. However, the developed optimization technique named WCSO is devised by incorporating the Water Cycle Algorithm (WCA) with Competitive Swarm Optimizer (CSO). Here, the pre-processing is performed using the Hanning window and Spectral gating-based noise reduction method in order to remove the falsifications or noises from the signal. Thereafter, the process of feature extraction is carried out to extract the significant features, such as Bark frequency Cepstral coefficient (BFCC) and the short term features, such asspectral flux and spectral centroid. Once the significant features are extracted, classification is performed using HAN where the training procedure of HAN is carried out using WCSO. Furthermore, the developed WCSO-based HAN obtained efficient performance using True Positive Rate (TPR), True Negative Rate (TNR) and accuracy with the values of 0.943, 0.913, and 0.923 using dataset 1, respectively.
Glomerular Filtration Rate Estimation using Cystatin C Levels Identifies Subclinical Renal Dysfunction in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Fukuda Makoto , Sawa Naoki , Mizuno Hiroki , Ikuma Daisuke , Hiramatsu Rikako , Sekine Akinari , Kawada Masahiro , Hasegawa Eiko , Hayami Noriko , Yamanouchi Masayuki , Suwabe Tatsuya , Hoshino Junichi , Miyazono Motoaki , Ubara Yoshifumi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMethotrexate is widely used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but can cause very serious side effects, including pancytopenia, in patients with renal impairment who have an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of <60 ml/min/1.73m2. In patients with low muscle volume such as elderly patients, GFR can be measured as higher value when calculated using serum creatinine [eGFR(cre)], so more accurate estimation using cystatin C [eGFR(cys)] is preferred.MethodWe evaluated 173 patients with RA who visited Toranomon Hospital in 2019 for factors that may contribute to the difference between eGFR(cre) and eGFR(cys) [eGFR(cre−cys)]. Activities of daily living (ADL) (walking, 1 point; using a cane, 2 points; using a wheelchair, 3 points) was added as a parameter.ResultsIn univariate analysis using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, eGFR(cre−cys) was negatively correlated with body weight, height, body surface area (BSA), subcutaneous fat area (SFA)/BSA, albumin, and creatinine kinase, and positively correlated with age, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and urinary protein. eGFR(cre−cys) was higher in patients who used a cane or wheelchair than those who could walk unaided. Multiple regression analysis showed that ADL and age contribute significantly to eGFR(cre−cys). ConclusionPatients using a cane or wheelchair are susceptible to the higher eGFR(cre−cys) values and overestimation of eGFR(cre), resulting in failed detect subclinical renal dysfunction. For such patients, eGFR(cys) should be evaluated to prevent serious side effects of methotrexate that are easily developed on patients with renal dysfunction.
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Exposure and Bone Mineral Density in the U.S. Population From NHANES 2005-2014
Authors: Zhao Xiang , Lin Jiyan , Dong Wenwei , Tang Mengling , Yan Shigui 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

Environmental exposures such as perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were considered potential risks for bone mineral density (BMD).
Objective

To examine the associations between PFASs and BMD among the U.S. population.
Methods

This study included a total of 6,817 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2005-2014). Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the associations between serum PFASs and BMD. Covariates such as age, race, BMI, smoking, alcohol intake, milk intake, physical activity, and previous prednisone treatment were adjusted in these models. Additionally, gender and menopausal period were considered in further subgroup analyses.
Results

Five PFASs (PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, PFDE and PFNA) with detection rate (DR) higher than 70% were selected in the analyses of the associations with BMD. Using combined data of NHANES 2005-2014, the effects on BMD were found significant gender differences. Negative associations for PFOA (β = -0.0110; 95% CI: -0.0200, -0.0020), PFOS (β = -0.0116; 95% CI: -0.0191, -0.0041), PFHxS (β = -0.0081; 95% CI: -0.0140, -0.0021) and PFDE (β = -0.0134; 95% CI: -0.0219, -0.0048) were found in premenopausal women, while positive association for PFOA(β = 0.0112; 95% CI: 0.0027, 0.0196), PFOS (β = 0.0084; 95% CI: 0.0014, 0.0153), PFHxS(β = 0.0063; 95% CI: 0.0003, 0.0123), PFDE(β = 0.0078; 95% CI: 0.0009, 0.0148) and PFNA(β = 0.0112; 95% CI: 0.0034, 0.0190) were found in men. In further subgroup analyses, women in pre-menopause statues showed consistent negative associations.
Conclusion

Serum PFAS concentrations and femur BMD were associated with gender and menopause status differences. Most negative associations were limited to premenopausal women, and most positive associations with femur BMD were found in men. Further epidemiological evidence and studies about the mechanisms are needed.
WITHDRAWN: Applied polymers as a suitable replacement for the natural materials in the various layers of green roofs and their characteristics
Authors: Motlagh Naser Valipour , Arabpoor Zahra , Soltanpourgazar Mahdiye 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Green roof is an environment-friendly structure developed globally as a result of increasing urbanization. In this review paper we first tried to collect classification, structure and materials of green roofs. Increasing water availability of substrate using water retention additives is also collected and studied in this paper. Accordingly, different materials are applied in green roofs, among which polymers have attracted a lot of attention. Polymer materials are widely used in different layers of green roofs due to their characteristics like light weight, which is an important concern about green roofs. So, in the next step, we gathered different polymeric materials that are used in different layers of green roof or can be used in this structure. For example, low density polyethylene (LDPE) or polyethylene (PP) material use as physical barriers. Therefore, this article provides an opportunity to review and compare different polymeric materials that have been studied in different articles in various layers.
Distinct Contributions of the Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia to Arithmetic Procedures
Authors: Saban William , Chagas Pedro , Piantadosi Steven , Ivry Rich 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Humans exhibit complex mathematical skills, often attributed to the exceptionally large neocortex. Using a neuropsychological approach, we report that degeneration within two subcortical structures, the basal ganglia and cerebellum, impairs performance in symbolic arithmetic. Moreover, we identify distinct computational impairments in individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) or cerebellar degeneration (CD). The CD group exhibited a disproportionate cost when arithmetic sum increased, suggesting that the cerebellum is critical for iterative procedures required for calculations. The PD group exhibited a disproportionate cost for equations with an increasing number of addends, suggesting that the basal ganglia are critical for the coordination of multiple cognitive operations. In Experiment 2, the two patient groups exhibited intact practice gains for repeated equations at odds with an alternative hypothesis that these impairments were related to memory retrieval. Overall, the results provide a novel demonstration of the contribution of subcortical structures to the computations required for complex cognition.
Difference in the Alveolar Bone Remodeling Between the Adolescents and Adults During Upper Incisor Retraction: a Retrospective Study
Authors: Zheng Ya , Zhu Chenjing , Zhu Meng , Lei Lang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the difference of alveolar bone remodeling between the adolescents and adults in the maxillary incisor area during retraction. Methods: This retrospective study included 72 female patients who needed moderate anchorage to correct the bimaxillary protrusion. Subjects were further divided into the minor group (n=36, 11-16 years old) and adult group (n=36, 18-35 years old). Digital lateral cephalography and cone beam CT scanning were taken in each patient before (T0) and after treatment (T1). Cephalometry was conducted to assess incisor retraction, while alveolar bone thickness (ABT), alveolar bone distance (ABD, and alveolar bone area (ABA) were detected to assess changes in the alveolar bone. Results: No difference in the inclination of upper incisors was observed at both T0 and T1. Changes in the alveolar bone showed a similar tendency with bone apposition on the labial side and resorption on the palatal side. Less increase in the labial ABT (T1-T0) and more decrease in the palatal ABT (T1-T0) was found in the adult group, leading to less total ABT in the adult group. Higher reduction inn ABD (T1-T0) was found in the adult group. Moreover, more decrease in the ABA (T1-T0) was found in the adult group. Conclusion: When compared adolescents, adult patients have less alveolar bone support after orthodontic treatment, showing a through-the-bone remodeling pattern. Orthodontic should take the age into consideration to reduce the potential periodontal risks during treatment planning.
Salvage Radiotherapy Strategy and Its Prognostic Significance for Patients With Locally Recurrent Cervical Cancer After Radical Resection: a Retrospective 10-year Analysis
Authors: Zou Wen , Shan Minjie , Hou Tao , Li Yanlong , Feng Yeqian , Wang Jingjing 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Salvage radiotherapy modes for treating patients with local cervical cancer recurrence after radical surgery are controversial. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and prognostic significance of two radiotherapy modes—involved-field radiotherapy combined with regional lymph nodes (regional radiotherapy) and involved-field radiotherapy alone (local radiotherapy)—in these patients.Methods: We retrospectively enrolled patients with local recurrence who underwent radical surgery without radiotherapy for early-stage cervical cancer from January 2010 to January 2020. Clinical outcomes were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and a Cox proportional hazards model.Results: Forty-four patients underwent intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT)-based salvage treatment. The 5-year overall survival and progression-free survival rates were 64% and 60.2%, respectively. Sixteen of 18 patients with stump recurrence and 15 of 26 patients with pelvic and abdominal cavity recurrence received regional radiotherapy, while others received local radiotherapy. Univariate analysis showed that patients with stump recurrence, who underwent regional radiotherapy, and with a lower systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) had better prognosis than their counterparts. Patients aged < 51 years, with stump recurrence, recurrence time ≤ 24 months, recurrence site=1, and a lower SIRI who received regional radiotherapy had a better prognosis than patients who received local radiotherapy. SIRI correlated with the recurrence site and radiotherapy mode.Conclusion: Locally recurrent cervical cancer treated with IMRT-based salvage therapy has a good prognosis. Recurrence site, SIRI, and the radiotherapy mode significantly influenced prognosis. Regional radiotherapy may be suitable for patients with stump recurrence, recurrence time ≤ 24 months, and one recurrence site.
Adjuvant Breast Radiotherapy Improve Survival in Women With Heart Failure
Authors: Zhang Jiaqiang , Sum Shao-Yin , Hsu Jeng-Guan , Chiang Ming-Feng , Lee Tian-Shyug , Wu Szu-Yuan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND

To date, no data on the effect of adjuvant whole breast radiotherapy (WBRT) on oncologic outcomes, such as all-cause death, locoregional recurrence (LRR), and distant metastasis (DM), are available in women with left-side breast intraductal carcinoma (IDC) and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).
PATIENTS AND METHODS

: We enrolled 294 women with left-breast IDC at clinical stages IA–IIIC and HFrEF receiving breast-conserving surgery (BCS) followed by adjuvant WBRT or non-adjuvant WBRT. We categorized them into two groups based on their adjuvant WBRT status and compared their overall survival (OS), LRR, and DM outcomes. We calculated the propensity score and applied inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) to create a pseudo-study cohort. Furthermore, we performed a multivariate analysis of the propensity score–weighted population to obtain hazard ratios (HRs).
RESULTS

In the IPTW-adjusted model, adjuvant WBRT (adjusted HR [aHR]: 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.44–0.94) was a significant independent prognostic factor for all-cause death (P = 0.0424), and the aHR (95% CI) of LRR and DM for adjuvant WBRT was 0.33 (0.24–0.71; P = 0.0017) and 0.37 (0.22–0.63; P = 0.0004), respectively, compared with the no adjuvant WBRT group. The aHR (95% CI) of breast cancer death for adjuvant WBRT was 0.54 (0.44–0.85; P = 0.0201) compared with no adjuvant WBRT group.
CONCLUSION

Adjuvant WBRT was associated with a decrease in all-cause death, breast cancer death, LRR, and DM in women with left IDC and HFrEF compared with no adjuvant WBRT.