bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing stress, anxiety, and depression among Iranian pregnant women: the role of sexual distress and genital self-image
Authors: keramat Afsaneh , Malary Mina , Moosazadeh Mahmood , bagherian Nastaran , Rajabi-Shakib Mohammad-Reza 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Pregnancy is a unique period with the increased likelihood of psychological changes and emotional disturbances such as depression, anxiety, and stress. In this study, we investigated the factors influencing depression, anxiety, and stress in pregnancy and identify their associations with Sexual Distress (SD) and Genital Self-Image (GSI). Methods: This was a descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study performed using the two-stage cluster sampling method between September 2019 and January 2020. Overall, 295 pregnant women completed a demographics and obstetric information checklist, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSI), and Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised (FSDS-R).Results: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed significant differences in the mean scores of SD between the groups with varying degrees of depression, anxiety, and stress (P<0.001) and in the mean score of GSI between the groups with varying degrees of depression (P=0.01) and anxiety (P<0.001). In multivariate linear regression analysis, higher (worse) depression, anxiety, and stress scores were found in women with more advanced age and higher SD scores; however, these scores were lower (better) in those with increased gestational age. Lower depression and anxiety scores were associated with moderate satisfaction with income, moderate satisfaction with BI in pregnancy, and lower stress and depression scores were linked to planned pregnancy. Higher (better) GSI score was a predictor of lower depression score, complication in a previous pregnancy was a predictor of higher stress score, and finally, fear of fetal abortion and being a housewife were predictors of a higher anxiety score.Conclusion: Various factors contribute to the development of antenatal depression, anxiety, and stress. A positive correlation was found between SD and the severity of depression, anxiety, and stress, while a negative correlation was noted between GSI and the severity of depression and anxiety. Therefore, raising awareness regarding SD and GSI through screening and counseling sessions can have beneficial effects for mothers and their fetuses.
Pengaruh Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Logan Avenue Problem Solving (LAPS-Heuristik) terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah pada Soal Cerita Barisan dan Deret Aritmetika
Authors: Novitasari Nindya Tifa , Shodikin Ali 
Published: January 2021

The poor problem solving abilities of students is still a scourge in mathematics learning, mainly in terms of solving mathematical story problems. This is because in the case of story problems, students are required to understand the information and the questions in mathematical problems at the beginning in order to create a mathematical model which reflects the problem being solved. This study aimed to examine the achievement and improvement of students’ abilities in solving mathematical story problems about arithmetic sequences and series using LAPS-Heuristic learning model. The study method was the Intact-Group Comparison. The subjects were 43 students who were divided into two groups. The first group received conventional learning, while the other group received LAPS-Heuristic learning. The results showed that both achievement and improvement of students’ abilities in solving mathematical story problems who received LAPS-Heuristic learning model were better than in students’ abilities who received conventional learning.
Hydrodynamics in lattice models with continuous non-Abelian symmetries
Authors: Glorioso Paolo , Delacrétaz Luca , Chen Xiao , Nandkishore Rahul , Lucas Andrew 
Published: January 2021

We develop a systematic effective field theory of hydrodynamics for many-body systems on the lattice with global continuous non-Abelian symmetries. Models with continuous non-Abelian symmetries are ubiquitous in physics, arising in diverse settings ranging from hot nuclear matter to cold atomic gases and quantum spin chains. In every dimension and for every flavor symmetry group, the low energy theory is a set of coupled noisy diffusion equations. Independence of the physics on the choice of canonical or microcanonical ensemble is manifest in our hydrodynamic expansion, even though the ensemble choice causes an apparent shift in quasinormal mode spectra. We use our formalism to explain why flavor symmetry is qualitatively different from hydrodynamics with other non-Abelian conservation laws, including angular momentum and charge multipoles.As a significant application of our framework, we study spin and energy diffusion in classical one-dimensional SU(2)-invariant spin chains, including the Heisenberg model along with multiple generalizations. We argue based on both numerical simulations and our effective field theory framework that non-integrable spin chains on a lattice exhibit conventional spin diffusion, in contrast to some recent predictions that diffusion constants grow logarithmically at late times. We show that the apparent enhancement of diffusion is due to slow equilibration caused by (non-Abelian) hydrodynamic fluctuations.
Formulation of Herbal Shampoo against Head Louse (Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer)
Authors: Deeksha . , Malviya Rishabha , Sharma Pramod K. , Singh Dharmendra , Sharma Akanksha 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Natural herbal shampoos are appealing to the consumers as they contain natural herbs without any harmful effects. The shampoo is used to remove dirt or other debris from hairs. Natural herbs are used in a herbal shampoo, which becomes more beneficial, safe, or efficacious than synthetic ones.

Aim:
The present study aims to formulate and evaluate a herbal shampoo containing various herbal extracts for anti-lice activity.

Materials and Methods:
Natural herbs such as neem, hibiscus, henna leaves, amla fruit and reetha epicarp are the components of the natural herbal shampoos used in this study. Soxhlet apparatus was used for water-based extraction of these natural herbs, whereas the maceration process was used for alcohol-based extraction. Nine formulations were prepared and evaluated by using different parameters like physical appearance, viscosity, surface tension, foam volume, pH, solid content, dirt dispersion and wetting time.

Results:
All nine shampoo formulations were successfully prepared at the pH range of 5.86-6.06. The physical appearance was observed to be between light brown to greenish-brown for F1 to F9 batches. The viscosity of the formulations was found to be between 1.05±0.011 to 0.96±0.011. Mortality of head lice (Lethal time (LT50)) for all the formulations was found in the range of 7.5 min- 52.5 min. Formulation F5 was found to be the best in the context of all the parameters. Formulation F5 showed good foaming property. The wetting ability was found to be good due to reduced surface tension (33.05±0.86); solid content was found to be 1.74% so that it would be easy to wash out from the hair.

Conclusion:
All the shampoo formulations showed good quality and could be used safely and effectively. These formulations also showed anti-lice activity so they can be used for the problem of head lice.
An Analysis of Health Insurance Data Using the Directed Acyclic Graph: An Application in Nigeria
Authors: Changpetch Pannapa , Akinyemi Mary I. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
In this study, we used the total amount of insurance claims from patients in Nigeria as the data to investigate the direct and indirect effects of the diagnoses.

Methods:
We applied the Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) with the total amount of the claims for each month for 89 diagnoses using datasets drawn from private insurance companies in Nigeria from January 2015 to September 2016, which provided 21 records for each diagnosis.

Results:
The result from DAG showed three pairs of direct effects: (1) Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) had a direct effect on appendectomy, (2) Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) had a direct effect on caesarean section, and (3) Glaucoma had a direct effect on insomnia.

Conclusion:
The most interesting result pertained to the third pair of diagnoses which is pertinent to research worldwide. We not only explored the relationship in a scientific way, but also the direction of the effect provided a basis for recommendations for healthcare in Nigeria and worldwide.
Knowledge, Attitude and Perception of the National Health Insurance Amongst Health Workers in Ugu District, Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa in 2017
Authors: Govender Nagammal , Mahomed Ozayr 
Published: January 2021

Background:
South Africa aims to progress towards universal health coverage by implementing the National Health Insurance (NHI). The perception and actions of health care workers influence the successful implementation of any intervention.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to establish the knowledge, attitude and perception of National Health Insurance amongst health care workers in Ugu in 2017

Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional study using self -administered questionnaires were used to gather information from 380 conveniently selected respondents between October 2017 and December 2017 across all health facilities in Ugu Health District. To establish associations between demographic factors and knowledge, attitude and perception on NHI, Chi- Square (X2) test and multivariate logistic regression were analysed.

Results:
Most respondents were aware of National Health Insurance (96.84%). However, only 33% had detailed knowledge of the objectives of National Health Insurance. There was a significant relationship between age less than 45 years and more than 10 years of experience on knowledge of National Health Insurance. The overall perception of National Health Insurance was good (61.92%), despite 60% of respondents believing that there was no proper communication regarding National Health Insurance by the government. Healthcare workers who live in the urban residential area had a better perception of National Health Insurance. The attitude towards NHI was positive, as 77.84% of respondents were willing to comply with the requirements of National Health Insurance.

Conclusion:
A targeted approach for communicating information about the National Health Insurance and an increased investment could improve its credibility and effective application.
Pretransplant Calculated Panel Reactive Antibody in the Absence of Donor-Specific Antibody and Kidney Allograft Survival
Authors: Lan James H. , Kadatz Matthew , Chang Doris T. , Gill Jagbir , Gebel Howard M. , Gill John S. 
Published: January 2021

Background and objectives
Panel reactive antibody informs the likelihood of finding an HLA-compatible donor for transplant candidates, but has historically been associated with acute rejection and allograft survival because testing methods could not exclude the presence of concomitant donor-specific antibodies. Despite new methods to exclude donor-specific antibodies, panel reactive antibody continues to be used to determine the choice of induction and maintenance immunosuppression. The study objective was to determine the clinical relevance of panel reactive antibody in the absence of donor-specific antibodies.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Retrospective observational study of kidney allograft survival among 4058 zero HLA-A–, B-, DR-, and DQB1-mismatched transplant recipients without antibodies to donor kidney antigens encoded by these HLA gene loci.

Results
Among 4058 first and repeat transplant recipients, patients with calculated panel reactive antibody (cPRA) 1%–97% were not at higher risk of transplant failure, compared with patients with cPRA of 0% (death censored graft loss: hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% confidence interval, 0.82 to 1.41). Patients with cPRA ≥98% had a higher risk of graft loss from any cause including death (hazard ratio, 1.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.08 to 1.79) and death censored allograft failure (hazard ratio, 1.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.27 to 2.49). In stratified analyses, the higher risk of graft loss among patients with cPRA ≥98% was only observed among repeat, but not first, transplant recipients. In subgroup analysis, there was no association between cPRA and graft loss among living related transplant recipients.

Conclusions
Calculated panel reactive antibody is poorly associated with post-transplant immune reactivity to the allograft in the absence of donor-specific antibody.

Podcast
This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2021_01_25_CJN13640820_final.mp3
Economic impact of multigene panel testing for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer
Authors: Byfield Stacey Dacosta , Wei Helen , DuCharme Mary , Lancaster Johnathan M 
Published: January 2021

Aim:
Healthcare utilization and costs were compared following 25-gene panel (panel) or single syndrome (SS) testing for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer.
Materials & methods:
Retrospective cohort study of patients unaffected by cancer with panel (n = 6359) or SS (n = 4681) testing for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (01 January 2014 to 31 December 2016). Groups were determined by test type and result (positive, negative, variant of uncertain significance [VUS]).
Results:
There were no differences in total unadjusted healthcare costs between the panel (US$14,425) and SS (US$14,384) groups (p = 0.942). Among VUS patients in the panel and SS groups, mean all-cause costs were US$14,404 versus US$20,607 (p = 0.361) and mean risk-reduction/early detection-specific costs were US$718 versus US$679 (p = 0.890), respectively. Adjusted medical costs were not significantly different between panel and SS cohorts.
Conclusion:
Healthcare utilization and costs were comparable between the SS and panel tests overall and for patients with VUS.
Black obsidian procurement strategies and circulation along the northern coast of the Santa Cruz Province (Argentine Patagonia): human mobility and interaction
Authors: Ambrústolo Pablo 
Published: January 2021

In this article, we examine the strategies behind the acquisition and reduction of black obsidian found in rock shelters and shell middens from the north coast of the Santa Cruz Province, in Argentine Patagonia. Geochemical analyses performed on black obsidian artifacts from this area posit the long-distance circulation of this raw material given its source at Pampa del Asador, located approximately 400 km to the west. In a previous article, we suggested that evidence for the initial knapping of obsidian pebbles, added to the identification of artifacts with high cortex percentage, implied that obtaining pieces of said raw material would have been based on pebble morphologies. Here we expand on this proposal, contending that this was the case at least for Late Holocene occupational contexts.
During the Middle Holocene an exceptionally low representation of very small-sized debris without cortical reserve was observed; cores and tools were not registered. Knapping activities related to intermediate technical steps in the framework of core reduction and blank production were evidenced, including small and very small flakes as well as bifacial preforms. We inferred that obsidian pieces probably entered into these Middle Holocene sites as part of personal toolkits, cores and bifacial artifacts without cortex, within the framework of exploratory incursions into the area.
For the Late Holocene occupations, taking into consideration the presence of obsidian pebbles, of similar dimensions to those registered at the source itself, we suggest that their procurement would have occurred through various mechanisms, such as the establishment and strengthening of social relations within the context of mobility circuits that would have linked the coast to the interior, among other factors.
SITUASI HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-TUBERKULOSIS DI KABUPATEN MERAUKE 2018: ANCAMAN PADA UMUR PRODUKTIF
Authors: Bisara Dina , Simarmata Oster Suriani , Novianti Novianti , Senewe Felly Philipus 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis is the most serious opportunistic infection in HIV/AIDS subjects and is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in developing countries.
Objective: To describe the results of HIV / TB examination in Merauke District Hospital
Method: Study design is cross-sectional using data from “Studi evaluasi deteksi kasus TBC dengan alat tes cepat molekuler di Indonesia tahun 2018”. Descriptive data analysis is applied based on secondary data of PLWHA patients who visited Merauke District Hospital to examine Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB).
Results: The proportion of PLWHA was almost three times higher (8.5%) compared to other 43 health facilities (3,0%). The highest proportion of PLWHA is productive age of 15-54 years (94.9%) and male (54.5%). The proportion of children (aged <15 years) with HIV is six times higher (3%) compared to other 43 health facilities (0,5%). The results of MTB with molecular rapid tests in 43 health facilities is higher in PLWHA compared to non-PLWHA (34.4%:32.0%), and the opposite is true for Merauke District Hospital (22.2%:29.4%).
Conclussion: HIV epidemic in Merauke has been on the general population particularly in productive and children category. This high level of HIV has an impact on increasing transmission to children and HIV-TB co-infection.
Keywords: HIV, HIV-TB co-infection, reproductive age, children, RSUD Merauke
Abstrak
Latar belakang: Tuberkulosis paru adalah salah satu infeksi oportunistik yang paling serius pada HIV/AIDS dan merupakan penyebab utama kematian dan morbiditas di negara-negara berkembang.
Tujuan: Diperoleh gambaran hasil pemeriksaan HIV-TB di RSUD Merauke.
Metode: Disain studi adalah potong lintang menggunakan data “Studi evaluasi deteksi kasus TB dengan alat tes cepat molekuler (TCM) di Indonesia tahun 2018”. Analisis deskriptif data sekunder pasien HIV yang berkunjung ke RSUD Merauke yang diperiksa MTB.
Hasil: Proporsi ODHA di RSUD Merauke hampir tiga kali lebih tinggi (8,5%) dibandingkan dengan 43 fasilitas kesehatan lainnya (3,0%). Persentase tertinggi adalah pada umur produktif 15-54 tahun (94,9%) dan laki-laki (54,5%). Proporsi anak (<15 tahun) dengan HIV enam kali lebih tinggi (3,0%) dibandingkan dengan 43 fasilitas kesehatan lainnya (0,5%). Hasil pemeriksaan konfirmasi bakteriologi MTB dengan TCM pada 43 fasilitas kesehatan tinggi pada ODHA dibanding non ODHA (34,4%:32,0%), dan situasi sebaliknya pada RSUD Merauke (22,2%:29,4%).
Kesimpulan: Epidemi HIV di Merauke sudah mencapai tingkat populasi umum, terutama pada kelompok produktif dan anak. Tingginya angka HIV akan berdampak pada tingginya penularan pada anak dan koinfeksi HIV-TB.

Kata kunci: HIV, HIV koinfeksi TB, umur produktif, anak, RSUD Merauke
IDENTIFIKASI VARIABEL CONFOUNDING DENGAN PENERAPAN UJI CHI SQUARE MANTEL HAENSZEL PADA HUBUNGAN ANTENATAL CARE (ANC) TERHADAP BBLR DI KOTA SAMARINDA
Authors: Hasmawati Hasmawati , Anggraeni Ike , Susanti Rahmi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Confounding is a very important issue to consider because its presence can affect the p-value and the magnitude of the risk that can cause errors in decision making. The Mantel Haenszel is used when there are one or more confounding variables, which can be applied to public health problems such as the incidence of LBW which has many risk factors such as antenatal care (ANC), maternal age, parity, and anaemia.
Objective: To identify confounding variables in the ANC relationship with LBW.
Method: Nonreactive research with a case-control design. The sample was 305 (61 cases; 244 controls), in 3 Samarinda City Health Centers and sourced from the 2016-2017 maternal cohort registered, East Kalimantan.
Results: Maternal age was confounding in the relationship of ANC to LBW (ΛOR 12.29%) whereas parity (ΛOR 1.65%) and anaemia (ΛOR 0,64%) didn’t become confounding.
Conclusion: ANC has a significant relationship with the incidence of LBW without or accompanied by confounding variables. Parity and anemia are not as confounding whereas maternal age is influential confounding which is marked by changes in OR before and after considering external variables. Thus, more intensive pregnancy care is needed more mothers who are it too young and or too old.
Key words: Confounding, Mantel Haenszel, Low Birth Weight, Maternal age

Abstrak
Latar belakang: Confounding merupakan isu yang penting untuk diperhatikan, karena kehadirannya dapat mempengaruhi p value dan besaran risiko yang dapat menyebabkan kesalahan dalam pengambilan keputusan. Mantel Haenszel digunakan bila terdapat satu atau lebih variabel confounding, yang dapat diterapkan pada permasalahan kesehatan masyarakat secara global seperti kejadian Berat Badan lahir Rendah (BBLR) yang banyak memiliki faktor risiko seperti ANC dan faktor risiko BBLR lain seperti usia ibu, paritas dan anemia
Tujuan: Mengidentifikasi variabel confounding pada hubungan Antenatal Care dengan BBLR.
Metode: Non reactive research dengan desain case control. Sampel berjumlah 305 (kasus 61; kontrol 244) di 3 Puskesmas Kota Samarinda dan bersumber dari register kohort ibu tahun 2016-2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua cara analisis yaitu analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan uji statistik Chi Square dan dilanjut identifikasi variabel confounding dengan Chi Square Mantel Haenszel.
Hasil: Usia ibu ( menjadi confounding dalam hubungan ANC terhadap BBLR, sedangkan paritas ( dan anemia ( bukan menjadi confounding.
Kesimpulan: ANC memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan kejadian BBLR tanpa atau disertai variabel confounding. Paritas dan anemia bukan sebagai confounding, sedangkan usia ibu memberikan pengaruh (confounding). Dengan demikian, perlu perawatan kehamilan yang lebih intensif kepada ibu dengan usia terlalu muda/usia terlalu tua.

Kata kunci: Confounding, Mantel Haenszel, BBLR, Usia Ibu
Elementos para un debate sociopolítico del TLC entre Estados Unidos y Centroamérica
Authors: Bonilla Bonilla Luis 
Published: January 2021

El artículo plantea que en el escenario regional ha surgido una “tecnocracia” que gobierna a favor de unas clases dominantes modernas. Se debate la presencia de un binomio de poder conformado por la clase política y la clase económica dominante, quienes en alianza con el capital internacional, están interesados en montar el Tratado de Libre Comercio (TLC) como parte de su proyecto de dominación que estaría articulado a otras estrategias de alcance regional y global; de ahí que lo presenten como un proyecto “mesiánico” mediante el cual la sociedad podrá salvarse de la catástrofe, de la ruina. Estos y otros elementos obviados en este apretado resumen, sugieren una relectura del fenómeno político regional y particularmente nacional, en el tanto existe un trasfondo y un sentido específico alrededor de las medidas jurídico-políticas que se están decidiendo, lo cual hipotetizamos que estarían provocando una “ingobernabilidad” orquestada desde las clases dominantes