bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boron Contents of German Mineral and Medicinal Waters and Their Bioavailability in Drosophila melanogaster and Humans
Authors: Seidel Ulrike , Haegele Franziska A. , Baumhof Elena , Jans Katharina , Seidler Yvonne , Kremer Daan , Bakker Stephan J. L. , Birringer Marc , Lüersen Kai , Bosy‐Westphal Anja , Rimbach Gerald 
Published: June 2021

ScopeBoron is a trace element that naturally occurs in soil, making mineral and medicinal water important contributors to overall intake. Thus, in a systematic screening, the mean boron concentrations of 381 German mineral and medicinal waters are determined.Methods and ResultsBoron concentrations in mineral and medicinal waters are analyzed by inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). Highest boron values find in waters from the southwest of Germany. The boron content of the waters is positively correlated with the concentration of most other analyzed bulk elements, including calcium, potassium, magnesium, and sodium. Mineral waters with either low (7.9 µg L−1), medium (113.9 µg L−1), or high (2193.3 µg L−1) boron content are chosen for boron exposure experiments in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) and humans. In flies, boron‐rich mineral water significantly increases boron accumulation, with the accumulation predominantly occurring in the exoskeleton. In humans, serum boron and 24‐h urinary boron excretion significantly increase only in response to the intake of boron‐rich mineral water.ConclusionOverall, the current data demonstrate that mineral and medicinal waters vary substantially in the content of boron and that boron‐rich mineral water can be used to elevate the boron status, both in flies and humans.
Bilanz 2020: Evonik
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDer Essener Konzern Evonik hat im Jahr 2020 sieben Prozent weniger umgesetzt. Das Unternehmen fokussiert sich auf Spezialchemie. Dazu dienen Zu‐ und Verkäufe von Unternehmensteilen und eine geänderte Struktur mit Divisionen, die sich leichter steuern lassen sollen.
Bilanz 2020: Freudenberg
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDer Freudenberg‐Konzern macht gewöhnlich ungefähr die Hälfte seines Umsatzes in der Automobilindustrie, was im Jahr 2020 schwierig war. Mit Reinigungsprodukten unter dem Namen Vileda setzte der Konzern dagegen erstmals mehr als eine Milliarde Euro um.
Studies on the effect of low density polyethylene on ethylene vinyl acetate/styrene butadiene styrene blends for yoga mat applications
Authors: Sood Navneet , Jha Mithilesh Kumar , Bajpai Shailendra 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEthylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/styrene butadiene styrene (SBS) blends compatibilized with different amounts of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) were prepared using compression molding. These binary and ternary polymer blends were characterized in terms of mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties. Both tensile and tear strength increased by increasing LDPE composition, which is attributed to increased interfacial adhesion provided by LDPE between EVA and SBS. However, no significant change in compression set values was obtained with LDPE addition. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study was done to identify functional groups involved in different polymer blends. Scanning electron microscopy showed that adding LDPE into binary blends resulted in the smaller and finer distribution of cell. Thermal properties were also studied by thermo‐gravimetric analysis. Considering the mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of the various blends, sample A10 was found to be the best suited for yoga mat applications.
MALDI mass spectrometry imaging unravels organ and amyloid‐type specific peptide signatures in pulmonary and gastrointestinal amyloidosis
Authors: Schürmann Jan , Gottwald Juliane , Rottenaicher Georg , Tholey Andreas , Röcken Christoph 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeAmyloidosis is a disease group caused by pathological aggregation and deposition of peptides in diverse tissue sites. Recently, matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging coupled with ion mobility separation (MALDI‐IMS MSI) was introduced as a novel tool to identify and classify amyloidosis using single sections from formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded cardiac biopsies. Here, we tested the hypothesis that MALDI‐IMS MSI can be applied to lung and gastrointestinal specimens.Experimental DesignForty six lung and 65 gastrointestinal biopsy and resection specimens with different types of amyloid were subjected to MALDI‐IMS MSI. Ninety three specimens included tissue areas without amyloid as internal negative controls. Nine cases without amyloid served as additional negative controls.ResultsUtilizing a peptide filter method and 21 known amyloid specific tryptic peptides we confirmed the applicability of a universal peptide signature with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 100% for the detection of amyloid deposits in the lung and gastrointestinal tract. Additionally, the frequencies of individual m/z‐values of the 21 tryptic marker peptides showed organ‐ and tissue‐type specific differences.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceMALDI‐IMS MSI adds a valuable analytical approach to diagnose and classify amyloid and the detection frequency of individual tryptic peptides is organ‐/tissue‐type specific.
Effects of MnII and EuIII Cation Exchange in Sepiolite‐Titanium Dioxide Nanocomposites in the Photocatalytic Degradation of Orange G
Authors: Cymes Brittany A. , Kugler Alex J. , Almquist Catherine B. , Edelmann Richard E. , Krekeler Mark P. S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTwo primary mechanisms of titanium dioxide (TiO2) efficiency inhibition in ultraviolet (UV)‐driven photocatalytic reactions are the high recombination rate and sintering. To address these challenges, TiO2 nanocrystals were grown in‐situ onto sepiolite modified with MnII and EuIII ions. The resulting nanocomposites were characterized and evaluated for photocatalytic activity for Orange G (OG) degradation under UV irradiation. Resultant reduction in activity over Mn‐sepiolite‐TiO2 is attributed to charge‐carrier scavenging by unstable Mn and adsorption‐mediated chromophore protection by Mn‐oxyhydroxide. Dye removal over Eu‐sepiolite‐TiO2 was only slightly more efficient than over the control despite relevant Eu concentrations; potentially related to inhibited TiO2‐Eu interfacial synergy and superoxide radical scavenging. The results of this investigation corroborate prior observations that substrate cation‐exchange results in unpredictable behavior of the cations introduced during subsequent fabrication steps which may be of benefit or detriment to the final material.
Anticorrosion Inhibition Behavior of Rhus Pentaphylla Fruit Extracts in (1 M) HCl against Carbon Steel and their Chemical Characterization using HPLC‐MS‐ESI
Authors: Fadhil Hajer , Mraihi Farouk , Zouied Daoiya , Ayadi Malika Trabelsi , Cherif Jamila Kalthoum 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPhenolic compounds in Tunisian wild Rhus pentaphylla fruits during two maturity stages are identified by LC‐MS‐ESI. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of their extracts was analyzed by the use of polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The qualitative analysis highlighted the presence of 11 phenolic compounds in total (3 phenolic acids and 8 flavonols) for the un‐ripe stage (S1), 7 compounds (1 phenolic acid and 6 flavonols) have been identified for the fully‐ripe stage (S2). The electrochemical behavior analysis of carbon steel in (1 M) HCl medium showed a maximum inhibition efficiency of 45.49 % was achieved by using 100 ppm of the inhibitor. Polarization studies indicate that the extracts act as a mixed inhibitor. As well, it has been shown that the first stage presents the highest inhibitory efficacy compared to the second. These results confirm the good correlation between the phytochemical composition and corrosion inhibition capacity.
Fluorometric Detection of Streptavidin with a Cationic Conjugated Polymer and Hairpin DNA Probe
Authors: Yan Ying , Hu Tingting , Xiang Xinying , Li Wenkai , Ma Changbei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA simple and rapid method for streptavidin (SA) detection is developed based on a cationic conjugated polymer (CCP)‐mediated fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between poly [(9,9‐bis(6′‐N, N, N‐trimethylammonium) hexyl) fluorenylene phenylene (PFP) and SYBR Green I (SG I). A hairpin DNA labeled with biotin at the 3′ terminus was designed for the binding of SA and SYBR Green I (SG I) so that an amplified signal of emission fluorescence was detected as the CCP‐mediated FRET was induced in the presence of SA. The calibration curve exhibited a linear correlation between fluorescence intensity and SA concentration from 0 to 40 nM, and the linear regression equation was y=0.0467x+0.5814, with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9927, and the detection limit was 0.5 nM. Further investigations showed that the method exhibited a significantly high specificity for the target protein and a satisfactory practical performance when human serum samples spiked with SA were tested. The results suggest that this strategy is practically applicable as it may enable an effective tool for studies on the ligand‐protein interactions as well as the qualitative and quantitative detection of proteins.
Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization to the Total Synthesis of Hexahydropyrroloindole Alkaloids: Flustramine B and Debromoflustramine B
Authors: Shen Xianfu , Peng Tianfeng , Wang Fan , Li Shumin , Lei Xingfu , Yunxiao  , Wang  , Cheng Feixiang , Liu Teng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this report, we have accomplished the total synthesis of two bioactive hexahydropyrroloindole (HPI) alkaloids bearing a C3a tetrasubstituted stereocenters substituted by isopentenyl. This route was based on Cu‐catalyzed cascade arylation‐alkylation sequence in one‐pot as a key step, providing Flustramine B and Debromoflustramine B with 9 steps in 37.6 % and 31.1 % overall yields, respectively.
Copper‐Catalyzed Sonogashira‐Cross‐Coupling of Phenols Using Dichloroimidazolidinedione
Authors: Hosseini Negin , Mokhtari Javad , Yavari Issa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPhenols are considered as an ideal alternative to aryl halides as coupling partners in cross‐coupling reactions. In this work a copper‐catalyzed Sonogashira cross‐coupling of phenols using Dichloroimidazolidinedione (DCID) as new C−O activation agent has been developed for the first time. Substituted phenols and phenyl acetylenes were well‐matched with the optimizing reaction conditions.
Resource provisioning in collaborative fog computing for multiple delay‐sensitive users
Authors: Lu Shuaibing , Wu Jie , Wang Ning , Duan Yubin , Liu Haiming , Zhang Jiayue , Fang Juan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFog computing is an emerging paradigm that supplies storage, computation, and networking resources between traditional cloud data centers and end devices. This article focuses on the resource provisioning problem in collaborative fog computing for multiple delay‐sensitive users. Our goal is to implement a resource provisioning strategy for network operators to minimize the total monetary cost by considering the deadline and capacity constraints. Two scenarios are considered: unlimited‐processor fog nodes (UPFN) and limited‐processor fog nodes (LPFN). In either scenario, we prove that the resource provisioning problem is NP‐hard. First, we consider the UPFN scenario that the processors of fog nodes are unlimited and users' requests can be ideally processed in parallel. Two algorithms are proposed which greedily delete fog nodes based on the local or global collaborative influences until there is no feasible provisioning to guarantee the deadline of users. Then we extend the resource provisioning problem to a more realistic and complicated scenario LPFN in which the scheduling delay cannot be ignored. Two types of tasks are considered. One is the arbitrarily divided tasks, and a near‐optimal solution bounded by has been found. m is the number of fog nodes, and is the upper bound on the Lipschitz constant of the delay function. Another one is the application‐driven tasks, and we propose a heuristic algorithm. Extensive experiments validate the efficiency of the proposed algorithms.
On the Nature of Crystals Precipitating from Aqueous Silver Ethylenediamine Oxalate Complex Solutions
Authors: Kunz Christoph , Walsdorff Christian , Viertelhaus Martin , Adam Christian , Karpov Andrey , Nuss Jürgen , Jansen Martin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAqueous silver ethylene diamine oxalate complex solution is a critical precursor in the production of supported silver catalysts. Crystals precipitating from such complex solutions are characterized by single‐crystal structure analysis as [Ag(μ‐en)]2(C2O4)×2H2O. Silver atoms are bridged by ethylenediamine molecules in a molar ratio of 1 : 1 forming slightly distorted one‐dimensional polymeric Ag(μ‐en)‐chains along the c axis. Oxygen atoms of oxalate groups show no direct coordination to silver atoms. Oxygen atoms of lattice water molecules show a weak lateral coordination to silver atoms within slightly bent N−Ag−N fragments.
Epidemiology of combined clavicle and rib fractures: a systematic review
Authors: Sweet Arthur A. R. , Beks Reinier B. , IJpma Frank F. A. , de Jong Mirjam B. , Beeres Frank J. P. , Leenen Luke P. H. , Houwert Roderick M. , van Baal Mark C. P. M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this systematic review was to provide an overview of the incidence of combined clavicle and rib fractures and the association between these two injuries.

Methods
A systematic literature search was performed in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases on the 14th of August 2020. Outcome measures were incidence, hospital length of stay (HLOS), intensive care unit admission and length of stay (ILOS), duration of mechanical ventilation (DMV), mortality, chest tube duration, Constant–Murley score, union and complications.

Results
Seven studies with a total of 71,572 patients were included, comprising five studies on epidemiology and two studies on treatment. Among blunt chest trauma patients, 18.6% had concomitant clavicle and rib fractures. The incidence of rib fractures in polytrauma patients with clavicle fractures was 56–60.6% versus 29% in patients without clavicle fractures. Vice versa, 14–18.8% of patients with multiple rib fractures had concomitant clavicle fractures compared to 7.1% in patients without multiple rib fractures. One study reported no complications after fixation of both injuries. Another study on treatment, reported shorter ILOS and less complications among operatively versus conservatively treated patients (5.4 ± 1.5 versus 21 ± 13.6 days).

Conclusion
Clavicle fractures and rib fractures are closely related in polytrauma patients and almost a fifth of all blunt chest trauma patients sustain both injuries. Definitive conclusions could not be drawn on treatment of the combined injury. Future research should further investigate indications and benefits of operative treatment of this injury.
Normalisation and subformula property for a system of classical logic with Tarski’s rule
Authors: Kürbis Nils 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper considers a formalisation of classical logic using general introduction rules and general elimination rules. It proposes a definition of ‘maximal formula’, ‘segment’ and ‘maximal segment’ suitable to the system, and gives reduction procedures for them. It is then shown that deductions in the system convert into normal form, i.e. deductions that contain neither maximal formulas nor maximal segments, and that deductions in normal form satisfy the subformula property. Tarski’s Rule is treated as a general introduction rule for implication. The general introduction rule for negation has a similar form. Maximal formulas with implication or negation as main operator require reduction procedures of a more intricate kind not present in normalisation for intuitionist logic.
Benzylmalonyl-CoA dehydrogenase, an enzyme involved in bacterial auxin degradation
Authors: Schühle Karola , Saft Martin , Vögeli Bastian , Erb Tobias J. , Heider Johann 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA novel acyl-CoA dehydrogenase involved in degradation of the auxin indoleacetate by Aromatoleum aromaticum was identified as a decarboxylating benzylmalonyl-CoA dehydrogenase (IaaF). It is encoded within the iaa operon coding for enzymes of indoleacetate catabolism. Using enzymatically produced benzylmalonyl-CoA, the reaction was characterized as simultaneous oxidation and decarboxylation of benzylmalonyl-CoA to cinnamoyl-CoA and CO2. Oxygen served as electron acceptor and was reduced to H2O2, whereas electron transfer flavoprotein or artificial dyes serving as electron acceptors for other acyl-CoA dehydrogenases were not used. The enzyme is homotetrameric, contains an FAD cofactor and is enantiospecific in benzylmalonyl-CoA turnover. It shows high catalytic efficiency and strong substrate inhibition with benzylmalonyl-CoA, but otherwise accepts only a few medium-chain alkylmalonyl-CoA compounds as alternative substrates with low activities. Its reactivity of oxidizing 2-carboxyacyl-CoA with simultaneous decarboxylation is unprecedented and indicates a modified reaction mechanism for acyl-CoA dehydrogenases, where elimination of the 2-carboxy group replaces proton abstraction from C2.
Breast softness in patients randomised to postmastectomy breast reconstruction with an expander prosthesis or DIEP flap
Authors: Tallroth Linda , Brorson Håkan , Mobargha Nathalie , Velander Patrik , Klasson Stina , Becker Magnus 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Objectively measured breast softness in reconstructed breasts and its relation to patients’ subjective satisfaction with breast softness has not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate breast softness in patients 1 year following delayed breast reconstruction with an expander prosthesis (EP) or deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap, using objective and subjective methods.

Methods
Seventy-three patients were randomised to breast reconstruction with an EP or DIEP flap between 2012 and 2018. Of these, 69 completed objective evaluation at a mean of 25 (standard deviation, SD 9.4) months following breast reconstruction. Objective evaluation included measurements of breast volume, jugulum-nipple distance, clavicular-submammary fold distance, ptosis and Baker scale grading. Breast softness was assessed with applanation tonometry. Subjective evaluation was performed using the BREAST-Q questionnaire.

Results
Objectively, DIEP flaps were significantly softer than EP breast reconstructions. Non-operated contralateral breasts were significantly softer compared with reconstructed breasts. In the subjective evaluation, the median score on the question (labelled 1.h) “How satisfied or dissatisfied have you been with the softness of your reconstructed breast (s)?” was higher in the DIEP flap group corresponding to greater satisfaction in this group. A fair correlation was found between the applanation tonometry and the patient-reported satisfaction with the reconstructed breast’s softness (rs = 0.37).

Conclusions
In terms of breast softness, breast reconstructions with DIEP flaps result in more satisfied patients. Concerning applanation tonometry as an objective tool for softness assessment, future studies on interobserver agreement are warranted.
Level of evidence: Level I, therapeutic study
Scoring Systems May be Effective in Predicting Mortality Associated with Palliative Emergency Gastrointestinal Surgery: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Laitamäki M. , Alamylläri I. , Kalliomäki M. , Laukkarinen J. , Ukkonen M. , Junttila E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPalliative emergency gastrointestinal surgery is associated with significant morbidity and mortality and weighing up the benefits and harms during the decision‐making may be challenging. There are very few studies on surgery in palliative patient population. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate morbidity and mortality after palliative emergency gastrointestinal surgery and the usability of scoring systems in predicting the outcome.MethodsConsecutive adult patients undergoing palliative emergency surgery at a tertiary hospital during the period 2015 to 2016 were included. Pre‐ and post‐operative functional status, morbidity and mortality of patients were assessed. The predictive value of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Surgical Risk Calculator (ACS NSQIP SRC) and Palliative index (PI) in estimating morbidity and mortality were determined.ResultsA total of 93 patients (age 69 [28–92] years, 51% female) were included. Typical indications for surgery were bowel obstruction (52%) and securing food intake (30%). Pre‐operatively two patients (2.2%) were totally dependent in daily activities, while post‐operatively the respective share was 34% at discharge from hospital. The incidence of post‐operative complications was 37% and 14% died during the hospital stay. One‐, three‐month and one‐year mortality rates were 41%, 63% and 87%, respectively. While ASA score, PI score and ACS NSQIP did not predict post‐operative morbidity, both ASA score and ACS NSQIP SRC predicted post‐operative mortality.ConclusionsPalliative emergency laparotomy is associated with significant post‐operative mortality and morbidity. Scorings, such as ASA score and ACS NSQIP SRC predict mortality in this patient population.
Ökonomische Analyse dreier technischer Anlagen hinsichtlich deren Eignung für Predictive Maintenance
Authors: Rott Julian , Floerecke Sebastian , Ertl Christoph , Herzfeldt Alexander , Böhm Markus , Krcmar Helmut 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungTreten bei technischen Anlagen während ihres Lebenszyklus Fehler auf, ist dies in den meisten Fällen das Ergebnis eines schleichenden Prozesses und nicht eines plötzlich auftretenden Ereignisses. Mithilfe geeigneter Verfahren können Fehler bereits vor ihrem Eintritt erkannt werden. Die von Herstellern vorgegebene Instandhaltungsstrategie berücksichtigt diese Möglichkeit für gewöhnlich jedoch nicht. Im Unterschied dazu zielt Predictive Maintenance (PdM) auf die Durchführung von Instandhaltungsmaßnahmen vor dem eigentlichen Fehlereintritt ab, indem sowohl der aktuelle als auch der zukünftige Anlagenzustand inklusive der Umgebungsbedingungen diagnostiziert bzw. prognostiziert werden. Dessen Einführung bedarf allerdings einen deutlich höheren Digitalisierungsgrad und ist daher mit kostenintensiven Investitionen verbunden. Insofern ist PdM nicht für jede Anlagenklasse wirtschaftlich und prozessual sinnvoll. Der zentrale Aspekt, ob der Entwicklungs- und Datenerhebungsaufwand durch Einsparungen bei einer PdM-Strategie überhaupt refinanziert werden kann, wurde von der Forschung bislang weitgehend außer Acht gelassen. Wissenschaftler haben sich stattdessen auf die Entwicklung von Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Verschleißgrads von Komponenten und damit auf die technischen Belange konzentriert. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht dieser Beitrag innerhalb einer multiplen explorativen Fallstudie am Flughafen München drei repräsentative Anlagenklassen von Flughäfen – Aufzüge, Pre-Conditioned-Air(PCA)-Anlagen und Multienteiser – in Bezug auf Aufwands‑, Nutzen- und Risikoaspekte des PdM. Im Ergebnis zeigten sich deutliche Unterschiede zwischen den Anlagenklassen: Während Aufzüge und PCA-Anlagen hohes Potenzial aufweisen, ist die Einführung für Multienteiser aufgrund der lediglich saisonalen Nutzung wirtschaftlich nicht sinnvoll. Mit diesem Beitrag erhalten Entscheidungsträger in Unternehmen eine Orientierungshilfe, für welche Anlagenklassen PdM profitabel ist und welche Aspekte in die ökonomische Bewertung technischer Anlagen grundsätzlich einbezogen werden sollten. Das angewandte Bewertungsverfahren dient als Muster für die Analyse weiterer technischer Anlagen.