bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Removal of gut symbiotic bacteria negatively affects life history traits of the shield bug, Graphosoma lineatum
Authors: Karamipour Naeime , Fathipour Yaghoub , Mehrabadi Mohammad 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe shield bug, Graphosoma lineatum (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae), harbors extracellular Pantoea‐like symbiont in the enclosed crypts of the midgut. The symbiotic bacteria are essential for normal longevity and fecundity of this insect. In this study, life table analysis was used to assess the biological importance of the gut symbiont in G. lineatum. Considering vertical transmission of the bacterial symbiont through the egg surface contamination, we used surface sterilization of the eggs to remove the symbiont. The symbiont population was decreased in the newborn nymphs hatched from the surface‐sterilized eggs (the aposymbiotic insects), and this reduction imposed strongly negative effects on the insect host. We found significant differences in most life table parameters between the symbiotic insects and the aposymbiotics. The intrinsic rate of increase in the control insects (0.080 ± 0.003 day−1) was higher than the aposymbiotic insects (0.045 ± 0.007 day−1). Also, the net reproductive and gross reproductive rates were decreased in the aposymbiotic insects (i.e., 20.770 ± 8.992 and 65.649 ± 27.654 offspring/individual, respectively), compared with the symbiotic insects (i.e., 115.878 ± 21.624 and 165.692 ± 29.058 offspring/individual, respectively). These results clearly show biological importance of the symbiont in G. lineatum.
The Impact of COVID‐19 Pandemic on Prevalence of Diabetic Ketoacidosis at Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes: A Single‐Centre Study in Central Pennsylvania
Authors: Bogale Kaleb T. , Urban Valerie , Schaefer Eric , Bangalore Krishna Kanthi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe conducted this study to investigate whether the COVID‐19 pandemic impacted the rate of DKA and previously identified risk factors in children presenting with T1D.MethodsWe performed an extension of a retrospective analysis of all paediatric patients (age ≤ 18) newly diagnosed with T1D within a tertiary care referral centre between 01/01/2017 and 09/14/2020. Demographics, insurance coverage and clinical documents 30 days before their T1D diagnosis were abstracted to assess for symptoms at diagnosis, laboratory values (blood glucose, HbA1c, venous pH and bicarbonate) and any healthcare encounters within 30 days of their diagnosis of T1D.Results412 patients with T1D [171 F:241 M; 370 pre‐COVID era:42 post‐COVID era] were included. The percentages of DKA diagnoses at admission were very similar between the pre‐COVID and post‐COVID groups (47% vs. 48%), as were the severity (13% vs. 14% mild DKA; 33% vs. 31% moderate or severe DKA).ConclusionThere were no fluctuations in the rate of DKA among paediatric patients newly diagnosed with T1D throughout the coronavirus pandemic in central Pennsylvania.
Aortic pulsatility index predicts clinical outcomes in heart failure: a sub‐analysis of the ESCAPE trial
Authors: Belkin Mark N. , Alenghat Francis J. , Besser Stephanie A. , Nguyen Ann B. , Chung Ben B. , Smith Bryan A. , Kalantari Sara , Sarswat Nitasha , Blair John E.A. , Kim Gene H. , Pinney Sean P. , Grinstein Jonathan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsAortic pulsatility index (API), calculated as (systolic–diastolic blood pressure)/pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), is a novel haemodynamic measurement representing both cardiac filling pressures and contractility. We hypothesized that API would better predict clinical outcomes than traditional haemodynamic metrics of cardiac function.Methods and resultsThe Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart Failure and Pulmonary Artery Catheterization Effectiveness (ESCAPE) trial individual‐level data were used. Routine haemodynamic measurements, including Fick cardiac index (CI), and the advanced haemodynamic metrics of API, cardiac power output (CPO), and pulmonary artery pulsatility index (PAPI) were calculated after final haemodynamic‐monitored optimization. The primary outcome was a composite endpoint of death or need for orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) or left ventricular assist device (LVAD) at 6 months. A total of 433 participants were enrolled in the ESCAPE trial of which 145 had final haemodynamic data. Final API measurements predicted the primary outcome, OR 0.47 (95% CI 0.32–0.70, P < 0.001), while CI, CPO, and PAPI did not. Receiver operator characteristic analyses of final advanced haemodynamic measurements indicated API best predicted the primary outcome with a cutoff of 2.9 (sensitivity 76.2%, specificity 55.3%, correctly classified 61.4%, area‐under‐the‐curve 0.71), compared with CPO, CI, and PAPI. Kaplan–Meier analyses indicated API ≥ 2.9 was associated with greater freedom from the primary outcome (83.5%), compared with API < 2.9 (58.4%), P = 0.001. While PAPI was also significantly associated, CI and CPO were not.ConclusionsThe novel haemodynamic measurement API better predicted clinical outcomes in the ESCAPE trial when compared with traditional invasive haemodynamic metrics of cardiac function.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Ferrocenyl‐1,2,3‐Triazoles, Triazolium Salts, and Triazolylidene Complexes of Gold(i) and Silver(i)
Authors: Hoyer Carolin , Schwerk Peter , Suntrup Lisa , Beerhues Julia , Nössler Maite , Albold Uta , Dernedde Jens , Tedin Karsten , Sarkar Biprajit 
Published: February 2021

Abstract1,2,3‐triazoles, the corresponding triazolium salts, and the resulting mesoionic carbenes (MICs) of the 1,2,3‐triazol‐5‐ylidene type are at the forefront of contemporary research. In this contribution, we present a comprehensive study involving eight triazoles, seventeen triazolium salts, two silver(i)‐ and four gold(i)‐MIC complexes. The substituents on the N1‐atom of the heterocycles are either ferrocenyl or phenyl and those on the C4‐atom bear various alkyl groups. All the compounds were thoroughly characterized by a combination of multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, ESI‐MS and in many cases through single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. In the electrochemical analysis, all ferrocenyl‐containing compounds display a ferrocenyl‐based oxidation step. Additionally, in both the triazolium salts, and the respective metal complexes, a ligand centered reduction step is observed. All the complexes were tested for their antibacterial properties against the Gram‐negative bacterial strains Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Many of the tested compounds display good antibacterial activity against the rather resistant Salmonella strain. To inhibit the growth of E. coli, higher concentrations of the compounds tested were required. A preliminary structure‐activity relationship of this set of compounds is also reported.
Cross‐comparison of screening tests for fire spalling of concrete
Authors: Mohaine Siyimane , Boström Lars , Lion Maxime , McNamee Robert , Robert Fabienne 
Published: February 2021

SummaryConcrete spalling is an important phenomenon to consider when evaluating the fire behavior of concrete, as this can sometimes have an impact on the structural capacity of the studied element. Spalling can be assessed experimentally using screening tests although it is influenced by the size, geometry, and boundary conditions of the tested element, among other factors. No standardized and systematic methods are yet available to assess concrete spalling sensitivity by testing. Plus, comparative results between screenings tests (small and medium scale) and full‐scale tests to evaluate their representativity remain scarce in the literature. In this study, five different spalling tests—with different geometries and boundary conditions—that are used as screening tests were investigated. A concrete mix known to be sensitive to spalling was used to evaluate the representativity of two types of screening tests (material screening tests and intermediate‐scale screening tests). The representativity of these test setups was evaluated by comparing the measured spalling depths to the spalling measured on a full‐scale slab test using the same concrete mix. This comparative study confirmed that the presence of load and/or restraint was essential for a good representativity for a screening test but should always be implemented in large enough specimens.
A longitudinal exploration of mental health resilience, cognitive impairment and loneliness
Authors: Windle Gill , Hoare Zoe , Woods Bob , Huisman Martijn , Burholt Vanessa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveThere is a growing interest in how people living with dementia may achieve good outcomes and be resilient despite their health challenges. Understanding what might be important for resilience in this population is largely untested theory.MethodsThe analysis draws a subsample with cognitive impairment (N = 579) from two waves of the Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies Wales study, a nationally representative study of community‐dwelling people aged 65+ in Wales. We constructed a measure of mental health resilience (MHR) defined as no depression, no anxiety and high well‐being. Drawing on a resilience framework, we tested univariate and cumulative effects models of the factors that enable MHR, and then examined whether MHR is important for reducing loneliness over time.ResultsAcross both waves of data 22% (n = 121) met the criteria for MHR. The cumulative effects model found the odds of MHR were greater for male gender, higher self‐esteem, greater social resources and no subjective memory complaints. Controlling for these significant predictors, MHR significantly predicted lower total and sub‐scale scores for loneliness at wave 2. Sensitivity analysis shows these effects held at lower levels of cognitive function when the Mini‐Mental State Examination score was <25, but not at <23.ConclusionsThis paper addresses a gap in research regarding the conceptualisation and measurement of resilience when facing cognitive impairment. Understanding what aspects of a person's life might enable good mental health despite cognitive impairment—to be resilient—could inform effective strategies for friends and families, along with health, and social policy and practice.
Long‐term implementation of the Managing Agitation and Raising QUality of lifE intervention in care homes: A qualitative study
Authors: Laybourne Anne , Rapaport Penny , Livingston Gill 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe dementia care home workforce receives little specific training. There are successful interventions, improving care outcomes, but it is unclear whether or how to sustain these effects. The Managing Agitation and Raising Quality of Life (MARQUE) intervention aimed to train care home staff to reduce resident agitation and improve quality of life. It was designed for sustainability, with implementation plans agreed with managers. MARQUE improves quality of life. In this separate study, we aimed to examine implementation around 2 years later.Methods and designWe explored practice change since the intervention and considered current implementation of home‐specific action plans, enablers or barriers, and perceived benefits or harms of implementation using semi‐structured interviews with staff working in the trial homes who received the MARQUE intervention.ResultsSix out of 10 intervention homes participated. We interviewed 25 staff, 20–30 months after the MARQUE study. In all homes, staff reported that at least one MARQUE component was sustained. Three themes emerged about sustained practice change: (i) communication, (ii) respect and understanding of roles, and (iii) ability to try new things. Notable changes included improved team working and feelings of competence, positive attitude to residents rather than blame for agitation and avoidance, and more pleasant activities. Leadership support was important.ConclusionsIt is possible to sustain some change over years in care homes. This study indicates factors which help or impede. These factors individually and together could lead to long‐term improved quality of life of residents in homes where it is implemented and sustained.
Anosognosia for memory in dementia with Lewy bodies compared with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Calil Victor , Silveira de Souza Andrea , Sudo Felipe Kenji , Santiago‐Bravo Gustavo , Assunção Naima , Drummond Claudia , Rodrigues Fernanda , Soares Rejane , Oliveira Natalia , Teldeschi Alina , Bernardes Gabriel , Lima Gabriel , Lima Camila , Lima Marco Antonio , Mattos Paulo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesAnosognosia is the inability to recognize one's own symptoms. Although dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most common degenerative dementia, there is little evidence of memory deficit awareness in this condition. The objectives of this research were to compare anosognosia between individuals with DLB and dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to evaluate whether medial temporal atrophy, a marker of AD pathology, could help to explain different rates of anosognosia in DLB and dementia due to AD.Methods/DesignThis is a cross‐sectional study that took place at the Memory Clinic of D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR). Twenty individuals with DLB and 20 with dementia due to AD were included in this study. We assessed anosognosia for memory using an index derived from subjective memory complaints (using the Memory Complaint Questionnaire) and from the performance in memory neuropsychological testing (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test). Thirty‐one participants also underwent brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging to evaluate hippocampal atrophy with a visual scale (MTA‐score [medial temporal atrophy score]).ResultsThere was no significant difference between groups regarding age, years of education, sex or time of disease. Individuals with DLB had a higher index of anosognosia than dementia due to AD (2.92 and 1.87; p = 0.024), meaning worse awareness of memory deficits. MTA‐score was slightly higher in dementia due to AD than in DLB, albeit without statistical significance.ConclusionOur study was the first to demonstrate that anosognosia for memory is worse in DLB than in dementia due to AD. This finding supports the hypothesis that anosognosia in DLB is a heterogeneous phenomenon.
Ressi experimental catchment: Ecohydrological research in the Italian pre‐Alps
Authors: Zuecco Giulia , Marchina Chiara , Gelmini Ylenia , Amin Anam , van Meerveld H. J. (Ilja) , Penna Daniele , Borga Marco 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRessi is a small (2.4 ha) forested catchment located in the Italian pre‐Alps. The site became an experimental catchment to investigate the water fluxes in the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum and the impact of vegetation on runoff generation in 2012. The elevation of the catchment ranges from 598 to 721 m a.s.l. and the climate is humid temperate. The bedrock consists of rhyolites and dacites; the soil is a Cambisol. The catchment is covered by a dense forest, dominated by beech, chestnut, maple, and hazel trees. The field set up includes measurements of the rainfall in an open area, streamflow at the outlet, soil moisture at various depths and locations, and depth to water table in six piezometers at a 5‐ or 10‐min interval. Samples of precipitation, stream water, shallow groundwater and soil water are collected monthly for tracer analysis (stable isotopes (2H and 18O), electrical conductivity and major ions), and during selected rainfall–runoff events to determine the contribution of the various sources to runoff. Since 2017, soil and plant water samples have been collected to determine the sources of tree transpiration. Data collected in the period 2012–2016 are publicly available. Data collection is ongoing, and the data set is expected to be updated on an annual basis to include the most recent measurements.
BIFoR FACE: Water–soil–vegetation–atmosphere data from a temperate deciduous forest catchment, including under elevated CO2
Authors: MacKenzie A. Rob , Krause Stefan , Hart Kris M. , Thomas Richard M. , Blaen Phillip J. , Hamilton R. Liz , Curioni Giulio , Quick Susan E. , Kourmouli Angeliki , Hannah David M. , Comer‐Warner Sophie A. , Brekenfeld Nicolai , Ullah Sami , Press Malcolm C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe ecosystem services provided by forests modulate runoff generation processes, nutrient cycling and water and energy exchange between soils, vegetation and atmosphere. Increasing atmospheric CO2 affects many linked aspects of forest and catchment function in ways we do not adequately understand. Global levels of atmospheric CO2 will be around 40% higher in 2050 than current levels, yet estimates of how water and solute fluxes in forested catchments will respond to increased CO2 are highly uncertain. The Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) facility of the University of Birmingham's Institute of Forest Research (BIFoR) is the only FACE in mature deciduous forest. The site specializes in fundamental studies of the response of whole ecosystem patches of mature, deciduous, temperate woodland to elevated CO2 (eCO2). Here, we describe a dataset of hydrological parameters – seven weather parameters at each of three heights and four locations, shallow soil moisture and temperature, stream hydrology and CO2 enrichment – retrieved at high frequency from the BIFoR FACE catchment.
Long‐term in vitro expansion ensures increased yield of central memory T cells as perspective for manufacturing challenges
Authors: Herda Stefanie , Heimann Andreas , Obermayer Benedikt , Ciraolo Elisa , Althoff Stefanie , Ruß Josefine , Grunert Corinna , Busse Antonia , Bullinger Lars , Pezzutto Antonio , Blankenstein Thomas , Beule Dieter , Na Il‐Kang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAdoptive T cell therapy (ATT) has revolutionized the treatment of cancer patients. A sufficient number of functional T cells are indispensable for ATT efficacy; however, several ATT dropouts have been reported due to T cell expansion failure or lack of T cell persistence in vivo. With the aim of providing ATT also to those patients experiencing insufficient T cell manufacturing via standard protocol, we evaluated if minimally manipulative prolongation of in vitro expansion (long‐term [LT] >3 weeks with IL‐7 and IL‐15 cytokines) could result in enhanced T cell yield with preserved T cell functionality. The extended expansion resulted in a 39‐fold increase of murine CD8+ T central memory cells (Tcm). LT expanded CD8+ and CD4+ Tcm cells retained a gene expression profile related to Tcm and T memory stem cells (Tscm). In vivo transfer of LT expanded Tcm revealed persistence and antitumor capacity. We confirmed our in vitro findings on human T cells, on healthy donors and diffuse large B cell lymphoma patients, undergoing salvage therapy. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of an extended T cell expansion as a practicable alternative for patients with insufficient numbers of T cells after the standard manufacturing process thereby increasing ATT accessibility.
Sources of economic growth: Bankerteers or marketeers or both? An auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) evidence from Ghana
Authors: Say Joy , Zhao Hongjiang , Wang Fang , Agbenyegah Francisca Sena 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe study seeks to find out whether financial structure matters in economic development. Using quarterly data from 1998 to 2018 from Ghana and with auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL)‐bound testing technique in the study found that financial structure is irrelevant for long‐term economic growth in Ghana. The finding of concurs with the complementarity view between the banks and the exchange and rejects that both subsectors are substitutes since financial services indicators were significance in influencing economic growth. In this vein the study concludes on the importance of financial services rather than structure. Based on these observations, the study recommends that policymakers should grow the synergy between the banks and the markets.
Is foreign direct investment globalization‐induced or a myth? A tale of Africa
Authors: Aluko Olufemi Adewale , Chen George S. , Opoku Eric Evans Osei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractForeign direct investment (FDI) provides many African countries an important source of capital inflow. Despite notable improvements in these capital‐scarce countries' economic, political and social conditions, foreign investors have not considered them viable host locations. Since FDI brings enormous spillovers to its host, some countries have recently institutionalized globalization as the catalyst for reversing the trend. Against this backdrop, we examine the FDI‐globalization nexus across 47 African countries for the 1996–2016 period. Using the augmented mean group estimator, the results suggest that FDI in Africa is indeed globalization‐induced. Moreover, we find this positive nexus to be driven by the economic dimension of globalization. Overall, we demonstrate the potential of globalization in stimulating an FDI boom in Africa.
Inside Cover
Authors: Chen Minghui , Wang Jianping , Tan Weijie , Feng Yuanyuan , Zheng Gang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe present a novel all‐fiber probe with 710‐μm outside diameter for combined optical coherence tomography and pH detection. We obtained a lateral resolution of ~10.6 μm, a working distance of ~506 μm, and a pH measurement accuracy of 0.01 pH unit for the probe. The performance of the all‐fiber probe was verified through an ex‐vivo experiment using the porcine brain specimen.Further details can be found in the article by Minghui Chen, Jianping Wang, Weijie Tan, Yuanyuan Feng, and Gang Zheng (e202000239).
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Association between predoctoral evidence‐based practice training and later use of peer‐reviewed journals: National dental PBRN
Authors: Burgette Jacqueline M. , Isett Kimberley R. , Rosenblum Simone , Doshi Ameet , Melkers Julia ,   the National Dental PBRN Collaborative Group
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe examined whether evidence‐based practice (EBP) during dental school was associated with the increased use of peer‐reviewed literature during subsequent clinical practice for National Dental Practice‐Based Research Network (PBRN) dentists. We also sought to understand whether this association was moderated by being a dental specialist.MethodsWe analyzed cross‐sectional data from 1228 dentists participating in the PBRN. We used logistic regression to examine the association between self‐reported EBP training during dental school and the use of peer‐reviewed journals in clinical practice, controlling for the number of years since dental school graduation and dental practice type. We stratified the data by dental specialists and examined effect modification using the Breslow–Day test for homogeneity of the odds ratio.ResultsThe prevalence of peer‐reviewed journal use by PBRN dentists in clinical practice was 87% (n = 1070) with no statistical evidence of effect modification by dental specialists on the EBP peer‐reviewed journal use relationship (p > 0.05). After controlling for years since dental school graduation and dental practice type, dentists who self‐reported EBP training during dental school had greater odds of using peer‐reviewed journals in clinical practice than dentists who did not self‐report EBP training during dental school (OR, 1.47; 95%CI = 1.01, 2.15).ConclusionThe use of peer‐reviewed published literature by PBRN dentists who had EBP predoctoral training is one important step in the EBP process by which practicing dentists can implement evidence‐based findings, interventions, and policies into routine health care and public health settings. These findings add to the body of support for EBP curricula in dental education.