bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of dietary ferulic acid supplementation on growth performance and skeletal muscle fiber type conversion in weaned piglets
Authors: Wang Youxia , Chen Xiaoling , Huang Zhiqing , Chen Daiwen , Yu Bing , Chen Hong , Yu Jie , Luo Yuheng , Zheng Ping , He Jun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDFerulic acid (FA) is a common polyphenolic compound. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of dietary FA supplementation on growth performance and muscle fiber type conversion in weaned piglets. In this study, eighteen 21‐day‐old DLY (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) weaned piglets were randomly divided into control, 0.05% FA, and 0.45% FA groups.RESULTSOur study showed that dietary FA supplementation had no effect on growth performance, but it could upregulate the expression of slow myosin heavy chain (MyHC) protein, increase the activities of succinic dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase, and downregulate the expression of fast MyHC protein. Dietary FA supplementation also increased the expression levels of phosphorylated AMP‐activated protein kinase, sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator 1‐alpha (PGC‐1α), myocyte enhancer factor 2C, and troponin I‐SS, increased the proportion of slow‐twitch fiber, and decreased the proportion of fast‐twitch fiber. In addition, our results showed that dietary FA supplementation increased the messenger RNA abundance of mitochondrial nuclear transcription genes, including ATP synthase membrane subunit c locus 1, cytochrome oxidase subunit 1, nuclear respiratory factor 1, mitochondrial transcription factor A, mitochondrial transcription factor B1, and cytochrome c.CONCLUSIONWe provided the first evidence that FA could promote muscle fiber type conversion from fast‐twitch to slow‐twitch via the Sirt1/AMP‐activated protein kinase/PGC‐1α signaling pathway and could improve the mitochondrial function in weaned piglets. This means that FA can be used as a dietary supplement to improve the quality of pork. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Reassessing the impact of tumor size on operative approach in adrenocortical carcinoma
Authors: Hue Jonathan J. , Bingmer Katherine , Zhao Heming , Ammori John B. , Wilhelm Scott M. , Towe Christopher W. , Rothermel Luke D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is often a contraindication to minimally invasive adrenalectomy (MIA). We used an administrative data set to analyze postoperative outcomes. We hypothesized that small tumors would have better short‐ and long‐term outcomes, independent of the operative approach.MethodsThe National Cancer Database (2010–2016) identified patients with ACC who underwent adrenalectomy. Tumors were grouped: <5 cm (n = 125), 5–10 cm (n = 431), and >10 cm (n = 443). The primary and secondary outcomes were margin positivity and overall survival, respectively.ResultsNine hundred and ninety‐nine patients were analyzed: 37% MIA and 63% open adrenalectomy (OA). As the size increased, the rate of attempted MIA decreased. Larger tumors were associated with conversion to open. Although tumors with local invasion and those which required conversion to open were associated with an increased likelihood of a positive margin, tumor size was not. Although “complete” MIA (vs. OA) and tumor size were not associated with differences in survival, conversion (HR = 1.83, p = .02), positive margins (HR = 1.54, p = .01), and local invasion (HR = 1.84, p < .001) were associated with poor survival.ConclusionPositive margins are associated with poor survival in ACC. Tumors ≥ 5 cm were associated with an increased conversion rate and subsequent increase in margin positivity. MIA may be considered for select patients with small tumors but adequate oncologic resection is critical.
Acceptability of 3D‐printed breast models and their impact on the decisional conflict of breast cancer patients: A feasibility study
Authors: Santiago Lumarie , Volk Robert J. , Checka Cristina M. , Black Dalliah , Lee Joanna , Colen Jessica S. , Akay Catherine , Caudle Abigail , Kuerer Henry , Arribas Elsa M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the acceptability and impact of 3D‐printed breast models (3D‐BMs) on treatment‐related decisional conflict (DC) of breast cancer patients.MethodsPatients with breast cancer were accrued in a prospective institutional review board‐approved trial. All patients underwent contrast‐enhanced breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A personalized 3D‐BM was derived from MRI. DC was evaluated pre‐ and post‐3D‐BM review. 3D‐BM acceptability was assessed post‐3D‐BM review.ResultsDC surveys before and after 3D‐BM review and 3D‐BM acceptability surveys were completed by 25 patients. 3D‐BM were generated in two patients with bilateral breast cancer. The mean patient age was 48.8 years (28−72). The tumor stage was Tis (7), 1 (8), 2 (8), and 3 (4). The nodal staging was 0 (19), 1 (7), and 3 (1). Tumors were unifocal (15), multifocal (8), or multicentric (4). Patients underwent mastectomy (13) and segmental mastectomy (14) with (20) or without (7) oncoplastic intervention. Neoadjuvant therapy was given to seven patients. Patients rated the acceptability of the 3D‐BM as good/excellent in understanding their condition (24/24), understanding disease size (25/25), 3D‐BM detail (22/25), understanding their surgical options (24/25), encouraging to ask questions (23/25), 3D‐BM size (24/25), and impartial to surgical options (17/24). There was a significant reduction in the overall DC post‐3D‐BM review, indicating patients became more assured of their treatment choice (p = 0.002). Reduction post‐3D‐BM review was also observed in the uncertainty (p = 0.012), feeling informed about options (p = 0.005), clarity about values (p = 0.032), and effective (p = 0.002) Decisional Conflict Scale subscales.Conclusions3D‐BMs are an acceptable tool to decrease DC in breast cancer patients.
A challenging playing field: Identifying the endogenous impediments to annulus fibrosus repair
Authors: Peredo Ana P. , Gullbrand Sarah E. , Mauck Robert L. , Smith Harvey E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntervertebral disc (IVD) herniations, caused by annulus fibrosus (AF) tears that enable disc tissue extrusion beyond the disc space, are very prevalent, especially among adults in the third to fifth decade of life. Symptomatic herniations, in which the extruded tissue compresses surrounding nerves, are characterized by back pain, numbness, and tingling and can cause extreme physical disability. Patients whose symptoms persist after nonoperative intervention may undergo surgical removal of the herniated tissue via microdiscectomy surgery. The AF, however, which has a poor endogenous healing ability, is left unrepaired increasing the risk for re‐herniation and pre‐disposing the IVD to degenerative disc disease. The lack of understanding of the mechanisms involved in native AF repair limits the design of repair systems that overcome the impediments to successful AF restoration. Moreover, the complexity of the AF structure and the challenging anatomy of the repair environment represents a significant challenge for the design of new repair devices. While progress has been made towards the development of an effective AF repair technique, these methods have yet to demonstrate long‐term repair and recovery of IVD biomechanics. In this review, the limitations of endogenous AF healing are discussed and key cellular events and factors involved are highlighted to identify potential therapeutic targets that can be integrated into AF repair methods. Clinical repair strategies and their limitations are described to further guide the design of repair approaches that effectively restore native tissue structure and function.
Resource Selection by Recolonizing American Black Bears
Authors: Lustig Elliot J. , Lyda Sara Bales , Leslie David M. , Luttbeg Barney , Fairbanks W. Sue 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTAmerican black bears (Ursus americanus) were extirpated from Oklahoma, USA, in the early twentieth century but have since recolonized eastern portions of the state after immigrating from Arkansas, where they were successfully translocated. Within the last 2 decades, a population of black bears was detected in the Oklahoma Ozark region, prompting studies to determine population size, growth rate, and genetic makeup. To understand how black bears were recolonizing the human‐dominated landscape, we investigated resource selection at 2 scales. Between 2011 and 2016, we collected global positioning system collar spatial data for 10 males and 13 females. We calculated average kernel density home ranges on a seasonal scale for all collared bears. We used generalized linear mixed models to calculate resource selection functions at the study area, defined by locations of all radio‐collared black bears (second order) and the scale of individual black bear home ranges (third order). Resource selection did not differ significantly by sex. Black bears across seasons and scales selected riparian forest and moist oak (Quercus spp.) forest land cover types and mostly selected against indicators of human activity (e.g., pasture‐prairie, anthropogenic land cover types, roads, and areas of high human population density). Black bears also selected areas with rugged terrain at high elevations, although not consistently across seasons and scales. Black bear recolonization appeared to be negatively affected by areas and features characterized as human‐altered. Further expansion of the range of black bears may be limited by anthropogenic disturbance in the region. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Long‐Term Spatiotemporal Dynamics and Factors Associated with Trends in Bare‐Nosed Wombats
Authors: Carver Scott , Charleston Michael , Hocking Gregory , Gales Rosemary , Driessen Michael M. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTGeographically widespread species present challenges for conservation assessment. We used long‐term spotlight surveys to assess spatiotemporal dynamics of bare‐nosed wombats (Vombatus ursinus), encompassing 34 years of surveys for the Tasmanian mainland sub‐species (V. u. tasmaniensis, 1985–2018) and 25 years for the Flinders Island sub‐species (V. u. ursinus, 1994–2018). Wombat populations increased on the Tasmanian mainland by 2.59 times and on Flinders Island by 3.51 times ( = 1.05 and 1.1 times increase/yr, respectively). At smaller spatial scales on mainland Tasmania, increases in wombat counts generally occurred within meteorological regions and regional zones, except for the Central North (West Tamar) region where a decrease in wombats is linked to a sarcoptic mange disease epizootic. We used generalized additive models to assess relationships between variables and wombat counts. The most supported variables at the mainland Tasmania scale were (in order of importance) year, positive associations with time‐lagged minimum temperature, Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) counts, and moonlight, and a negative association with time‐lagged rainfall. Among meteorological regions, variables associated with wombat counts exhibited some heterogeneity, with temperature and rainfall the most frequently associated variables. Our long‐term, large‐scale, and ecologically diverse analysis of bare‐nosed wombats supports spotlight monitoring as a valuable, relatively simple, and affordable survey method in Tasmania and beyond. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Efficacy of Initial Sirolimus Therapy for 27 Patients with Intractable Lymphatic Malformations
Authors: Zhang Xuexi , Wang Shengcai , Guo Yongli , Liu Yuanhu , Zhang Jie , Li Yanzhen , Liu Qiaoyin , Liu Zhiyong , Sun Nian , Li Xiaodan , Liu Yuwei , Du Jiangnan , Cheng Xiaoling , Wang Xiaoling , Tai Jun , Ni Xin 
Published: February 2021

Objective/HypothesisTo evaluate the efficacy of initial sirolimus therapy in the treatment of intractable head and neck lymphatic malformations (LMs) in children.Study DesignProspective open‐label study.MethodsIn this study, Twenty‐seven children diagnosed with LMs were given oral sirolimus as primary treatment over a minimum 6‐month trial. The major parameter to evaluate therapeutic outcome was percentage of lesion volume change compared with baseline. Average serum sirolimus concentrations, and adverse side effects, were monitored throughout the study period.ResultsFifteen girls and twelve boys, average age 27 months (16 days–171 months), constitute the study group. Treatment was deemed effective for twenty‐three participants, judged as fair in seven, good in nine, and excellent in seven. Two patients had minimal improvement, and two had increased volume to some degree. Effectiveness differed among LMs subtypes with responsiveness of macrocystic LMs exceeding that of microcystic LMs (P < .05). Adverse drug reactions totaled 27 events in ten patients, the majority being mild with upper respiratory infections being most common.ConclusionsSirolimus as initial therapy is effective in decreasing lesion volume in intractable LMs in head and neck region, especially in macrocystic subtypes. Although most cases cannot be completely cured, side effects are few and tolerable.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:1902–1908, 2021
Extracranial/Intracranial Vascular Bypass in the Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer ‐ Related Carotid Blowout Syndrome
Authors: Wu Ping‐An , Yuan Guo‐Yan , Zhou Ru‐Ming , Ho Wilson Wai‐Shing , Lu Zhao‐Qun , Cai Ji‐Fu , Yang Si‐Yi , Tsang Raymond King‐Yin , Chan Jimmy Yu‐Wai 
Published: February 2021

Objective/HypothesisTo investigate the endovascular intervention or extracranial/intracranial (EC/IC) vascular bypass in the management of patients with head and neck cancer‐related carotid blowout syndrome (CBS).Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsRetrospective analysis of clinical data of patients with head and neck cancer‐related CBS treated by endovascular intervention and/or EC/IC vascular bypass, analysis of its bleeding control, neurological complications, and survival results.ResultsThrity‐seven patients were included. Twenty‐five were associated with external carotid artery (ECA); twelve were associated with internal or common carotid artery (ICA/CCA). All patients with ECA hemorrhage were treated with endovascular embolization. Of the 12 patients with ICA/CCA hemorrhage, 9 underwent EC/IC bypass, 1 underwent endovascular embolization, and 3 underwent endovascular stenting. For patients with ECA‐related CBS, the median survival was 6 months, and the 90‐day, 1‐year, and 2‐year survival rates were 67.1%, 44.7%, and 33.6%, respectively; the estimated rebleeding risk at 1‐month, 6‐month, and 2‐year was 7.1%, 20.0%, and 31.6%, respectively. For patients with ICA/CCA‐related CBS, the median survival was 22.5 months, and the 90‐day, 1‐year, and 2‐year survival rates were 92.3%, 71.8%, and 41.0%, respectively; the estimated rebleeding risk at 1 month, 6 months, and 2 years is 7.7%,15.4%, and 15.4%, respectively. ICA/CCA‐related CBS patients have significantly longer survival time and lower risk of rebleeding, which may be related to the more use of EC/IC vascular bypass as a definite treatment.ConclusionsFor patients with ICA/CCA‐related CBS, if there is more stable hemodynamics, longer expected survival, EC/IC vascular bypass is preferred.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:1548–1556, 2021
Primary Orbital Melanoma: An Investigation of a Rare Malignancy Using the National Cancer Database
Authors: Caplan Ian F. , Prasad Aman , Carey Ryan M. , Brody Robert M. , Cannady Steven B. , Rajasekaran Karthik , Bur Andrés M. , Lukens John N. , Briceño César A. , Newman Jason G. , Brant Jason A. 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesPrimary orbital melanoma (POM) is a rare disease with limited data on survival and best treatment practices. Here we utilize the National Cancer Database (NCDB) to determine the overall survival (OS) and covariates that influence mortality.Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.MethodsAll patients diagnosed with POM from 2004 to 2016 were identified in the NCDB. Patient and oncologic data were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and multivariate models for the primary outcome of OS.ResultsA total of 129 patients were identified. Median OS was 36.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 24.1–78.7 months) with mean 5‐year survival of 42.0% (CI 33.2%–53.2%). Treatments received included surgery alone (43.4%), radiation alone (23.3%), and surgery followed by radiation (20.2%). The multivariate model demonstrated an increased risk of death associated with age over 80 years (hazard ratio [HR] 3.41, CI 1.31–8.86, P = .012), a Charlson‐Deyo comorbidity score of 2 or greater (HR 5.30, CI 1.87–15.03, P = .002), and no treatment (HR 2.28, CI 1.03–5.06, P = .042). For every 1 cm increase in tumor size, there was an increased risk of death (HR 1.06, CI 1.00–1.13, P = .039). When compared to surgery alone, no other treatment modality had an effect on OS.ConclusionsThis study leveraged multiyear data from the NCDB to provide prognostic and demographic information on the largest known cohort of POM cases. Increased age, increased comorbidities, not receiving treatment, and larger tumor size were associated with increased mortality. There was no clear survival advantage for specific treatments.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:1790–1797, 2021
A Comprehensive Analysis of Complications of Free Flaps for Oromandibular Reconstruction
Authors: Walia Amit , Mendoza Joshua , Bollig Craig A. , Craig Ethan J. , Jackson Ryan S. , Rich Jason T. , Puram Sidharth V. , Massa Sean T. , Pipkorn Patrik 
Published: February 2021

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine the frequency and management of short‐ and long‐term complications related to oromandibular free flap reconstruction and identify potentially predictive factors of hardware complications.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsA retrospective database from chart review was formed consisting of 266 oromandibular free flap reconstructions performed at a single institution over a 15‐year period. Data were collected on demographics, surgical treatment, complications, and management of complications. Subgroup univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to compare patients with hardware complications and those without.ResultsEighty‐one of 266 patients (30.5%) that underwent oromandibular reconstruction had an early complication (<4 weeks after surgery), and the most common complications were cervical wound dehiscence (11.3%) and fistulas (9.40%). Eighty of 266 patients (30.1%) had a long‐term complication (>4 weeks after surgery) and the most common complication was plate exposure (26.7%). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed no association between whether there was hardware extrusion and fibula versus scapula, smoking history, virtual surgical planning (VSP), and dental implantation (P > .05). Only early complications (OR, 3.59, 95% CI, 1.83–7.05, P < .01) and patients undergoing oromandibular reconstruction for osteoradionecrosis (OR, 2.26, 95% CI, 1.10–4.64, P = .03) were strongly and independently associated with subsequent hardware extrusion on univariate analysis.ConclusionsBoth short‐ and long‐term complications are common after oromandibular reconstruction. The most important predictive factor for a late complication is an early complication and prior radiation. There was no difference of plate complications among the various free flap types. Dental implantation and use of VSP were not associated with hardware complications.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:1997–2005, 2021
Combined Transverse Cordotomy‐ Anteromedial Arytenoidectomy for Isolated Glottic Stenosis
Authors: Ghodke Ameer , Tracy Lauren F. , Hollis Alison , Adams Katherine , Shah Rupali N. , Buckmire Robert A. 
Published: February 2021

Objectives/HypothesisGlottic stenosis is a discrete cause of airway compromise. We aimed to determine the surgical outcomes of transverse cordotomy with anteromedial arytenoidectomy (TCAMA), performed in the setting of isolated glottic stenosis resulting from two discrete etiologies: bilateral vocal fold paralysis (BVFP) and posterior glottic stenosis (PGS).Study DesignRetrospective, analytic cohort study.MethodsTwenty‐six patients with isolated glottic stenosis were treated with TCAMA between 2006 and 2019. A retrospective analysis determined decannulation rates and intervals, voice outcomes, swallowing outcomes, and reoperation rates postoperatively. Outcomes between the two etiologic cohorts were compared.ResultsOf the 26 patients, 16/26 patients were diagnosed with PGS and 10/26 with BVFP. Eighteen patients required tracheotomies during their clinical course (11/16 PGS, and 7/10 BVFP), and 100% were ultimately decannulated. The PGS cohort required two‐sided interventions more frequently than the BVFP cohort (45.5% vs. 0%, P = .066). Trach‐dependent PGS patients required a longer time to achieve decannulation than BVFP patients by a factor of 2.38, although the difference was not statistically significant (102.3 days vs. 42.9 days, respectively, P = .113). Patients demonstrated a significant change in maximum phonation time but no statistically significant differences with preoperative versus postoperative voice outcomes like voice‐related quality of life. All patients ultimately returned to their baseline swallow function postoperatively.ConclusionTCAMA is an effective treatment for surgical rehabilitation of glottic stenosis caused by both BVFP and PGS. Patient‐reported outcomes of postoperative vocal function remain consistent following surgical intervention. Additional, prospective studies with greater power are warranted to validate the contrasting outcomes observed when applying this discrete surgical technique across two distinct diagnostic cohorts in this retrospective study.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 131:2305–2311, 2021
Parental Perception of Weight Status for Adenotonsillectomy Patients
Authors: Herrmann Brian W. , Campbell Kristen , Meier Maxene , Haemer Matthew , Crowder Renee , Tholen Kaitlyn , Hoefner‐Notz Regina , Nguyen Thanh , Friedman Norman R. 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveWeight status can affect outcomes in pediatric adenotonsillectomy performed for obstructive sleep disordered breathing. Parents frequently underestimate their child's weight and are unaware weight status may affect adenotonsillectomy success. Accurate understanding of a child's weight status is important for shared decision making with the family and perioperative care. The purpose of this study is to analyze the accuracy of the parent's perception of their child's weight status.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed of prospective data collected from families of children undergoing adenotonsillectomy from June 2018 through June 2019.ResultsA total of 522 children met the inclusion criteria. Two hundred and thirty‐two children were either overweight (n = 46, 9%) or obese (n = 186, 36%). Among parents of this cohort whose children were overweight or obese, 74 (32%) erroneously reported that their child was normal weight. For the 290 nonoverweight children, 99% of parents accurately reported weight status. After adjusting for ethnicity, race, BMI%, and sex, for every 1‐year increase in age of the child, the odds of the parent correctly identifying their child as overweight increased by a factor of 1.18 (95% CI: 1.09, 1.27).ConclusionOne‐third of families with children who were overweight or obese undergoing adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep disordered breathing underestimated their child's weight. This study highlights the need to facilitate family understanding of weight status' potential impact on both obstructive sleep disordered breathing severity and adenotonsillectomy success, especially for younger children.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:2121–2125, 2021