bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression and distribution of synaptotagmin family members in the zebrafish retina
Authors: Henry Diane , Joselevitch Christina , Matthews Gary G. , Wollmuth Lonnie P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSynaptotagmins belong to a large family of proteins. Although various synaptotagmins have been implicated as Ca2+ sensors for vesicle replenishment and release at conventional synapses, their roles at retinal ribbon synapses remain incompletely understood. Zebrafish is a widely used experimental model for retinal research. We therefore investigated the homology between human, rat, mouse, and zebrafish synaptotagmins 1–10 using a bioinformatics approach. We also characterized the expression and distribution of various synaptotagmin (syt) genes in the zebrafish retina using RT‐PCR, qPCR, and in situhybridization, focusing on the family members whose products likely underlie Ca2+‐dependent exocytosis in the central nervous system (synaptotagmins 1, 2, 5, and 7). Most zebrafish synaptotagmins are well conserved and can be grouped in the same classes as mammalian synaptotagmins, based on crucial amino acid residues needed for coordinating Ca2+ binding and determining phospholipid binding affinity. The only exception is synaptotagmin 1b, which lacks 34 amino acid residues in the C2B domain and is therefore unlikely to bind Ca2+ there. Additionally, the products of zebrafish syt5a and syt5b genes share identity with mammalian class 1 and 5 synaptotagmins. Zebrafish syt1, syt2, syt5, and syt7 paralogues are found in the zebrafish brain, eye, and retina, excepting syt1b, which is only present in the brain. The complementary expression pattern of the remaining paralogues in the retina suggests that syt1a and syt5a may underlie synchronous release and syt7a and syt7b may mediate asynchronous release or other Ca2+‐dependent processes in different retinal neurons.
Instruction Roofline: An insightful visual performance model for GPUs
Authors: Ding Nan , Awan Muaaz , Williams Samuel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Roofline performance model provides an intuitive approach to identify performance bottlenecks and guide performance optimization. However, the classic FLOP‐centric approach is inappropriate for the emerging applications that perform more integer operations than floating point operations. In this article, we reintroduce our Instruction Roofline Model on NVIDIA GPUs and expand our evaluation of it. The Instruction Roofline incorporates instructions and memory transactions across all memory hierarchies together, and provides more performance insights than the FLOP‐oriented Roofline Model, that is, instruction throughput, stride memory access patterns, bank conflicts, and thread predication. We use our Instruction Roofline methodology to analyze eight proxy applications: HPGMG from AMReX, Matrix Transpose benchmarks, ADEPT from MetaHipMer's sequence alignment phase, EXTENSION from MetaHipMer's local assembly phase, CUSP, cuSPARSE, cudaTensorCoreGemm, and cuBLAS. We demonstrate the ability of our methodology to understand various aspects of performance and performance bottlenecks on NVIDIA GPUs and motivate code optimizations.
Numerical study of the effect of secondary electron emission on the sheath characteristics in q‐non‐extensive plasma
Authors: Asserghine Aziza , Missaoui Abdelhak , El Kaouini Morad , Chatei Hassan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a plasma sheath containing primary electrons, cold positive ions, and secondary electrons is studied using a one‐dimensional fluid model in which the primary electrons are described by q‐non‐extensive distribution according to the Tsallis statistics. Based on the Sagdeev potential method and the current balance relation, a modified sheath criterion, and floating potential are established theoretically. The effect of secondary electron emission on q‐non‐extensive plasma sheath characteristics have been numerically examined. A significant change is observed in the quantities characterizing the non‐extensive plasma sheath with the presence of the secondary electrons. It is found that the sheath properties with super‐extensive distribution and sub‐extensive distribution are different compared with plasma sheath with Maxwell distribution .
Organic Thin‐film Solar Cells Using Benzotrithiophene Derivatives Bearing Acceptor Units as Non‐Fullerene Acceptors
Authors: Matsumoto Kouichi , Yamashita Kazuhiro , Sakoda Yuuki , Ezoe Hinata , Tanaka Yuki , Okazaki Tatsuya , Ohkita Misaki , Tanaka Senku , Aoki Yuki , Kiriya Daisuke , Kashimura Shigenori , Maekawa Masahiko , Kuroda‐Sowa Takayoshi , Okubo Takashi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNew star‐shaped non‐fullerene acceptors (5Z,5′Z,5′′Z)‐5,5′,5′′‐((benzo[1,2‐b : 3,4‐b′ : 5,6‐b′′]trithiophene‐2,5,8‐triyltris(4‐octylthiophene‐5,2‐diyl))tris(methaneylylidene))tris(3‐octyl‐2‐thioxothiazolidin‐4‐one) (1: BTT‐OT‐ORD) and 2,2′,2′′‐((5Z,5′Z,5′′Z)‐((benzo[1,2‐b : 3,4‐b′ : 5,6‐b′′]trithiophene‐2,5,8‐triyltris(4‐octylthiophene‐5,2‐diyl))tris(methaneylylidene))tris(3‐octyl‐4‐oxothiazolidine‐5,2‐diylidene))trimalononitrile (2: BTT‐OT‐OTZDM) with a benzotrithiophene core, alkyl‐thiophen units, and acceptor units were designed and synthesized. The HOMO‐LUMO levels of 1 and 2 were determined by photoemission spectroscopy and UV‐Vis absorption spectroscopy. Binary blend and ternary blend bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells with non‐fullerene acceptors 1 and 2 were fabricated with the inverted device structures of glass/ITO/ZnO/active_layer/MoO3/Ag. Both binary blend BHJ solar cells with 1 and 2 show lower JSC and larger VOC values than P3HT : PCBM solar cells. On the other hand, ternary blend BHJ organic solar cells, including 10 % of 1, exhibited a larger power conversion efficiency than P3HT : PCBM solar cells because the JSC value was largely improved.
Efficient Synthesis of α‐Ketothioamides From α‐Nitroketones, Amines or DMF and Elemental Sulfur Under Oxidant‐Free Conditions
Authors: Zhang Zhenlei , Yang Jiusi , Yu Renjie , Wu Kairui , Bu Jiping , Li Shaoke , Qian Peng , Sheng Liangquan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe have developed a practical, general protocol for denitration of readily available α‐nitroketones with sulfur and amines to access a broad range of α‐ketothioamides under mild conditions. Such a reaction proceeds under metal‐, oxidant‐, and catalyst‐free conditions to provide synthetically useful α‐ketothioamides. Furthermore, the mild reaction conditions tolerate a wide range of substrates especially for the synthesis of aliphatic α‐ketothioamides which are rarely reported.
Effect of diesel‐biodiesel‐alcohol blends on combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of a single cylinder compression ignition engine
Authors: Reang Narath Moni , Dey Suman , Deb Madhujit , Deb Barma John 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSynthesis of biodiesel from raw based waste materials is much more influential for economic support of the nation, as many researchers have concluded that the use of fossil fuels is no longer sufficient in the coming decade, so one should look into the alternate source of energy in order to sustain the energy for our daily needs. Neem methyl ester produced from waste neem seed, which is cheap, and available in the surroundings has an opportunity for nonconventional sustainable energy and whereas, rice wine alcohol obtained from waste cooked rice by fermentation process can be checked for diesel engine operation, here study investigates the influence of these synthetic fuel diesel‐biodiesel‐alcohol blend in combustion, performance and emission characteristics. Biodiesel and alcohol are introduced to enhance oxygenation properties of the test fuels, and also adding 10% rice wine alcohol in the blends changed the physiochemical properties of the test fuels like lowered the flash point, fire point, viscosity and calorific value, where D80B10RW10 increased the cylinder pressure by 1.23% and lowered the emission like smoke opacity and unburnt hydrocarbons by 23.95%, 21.62% as compared to diesel. The overall test results conclude that a low blend of biodiesel with 10% rice wine alcohol has an opportunity to be implemented in the existing engine for the coming decade.
Developing indicators to evaluate systems thinking and application in state injury and violence prevention programs
Authors: Wilkins Natalie J. , Kossover‐Smith Rachel A. , Hogan Sandy‐Asari , Espinosa Robyn , Wilson Lauren F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSystems thinking principles are increasingly recognized as an important part of public health research and practice. However, the extent to which systems thinking is being integrated into public health practice, and its impact on health outcomes, is largely unknown. This is in part due to the paucity of options for measuring systems thinking at the organizational level and in the context of public health practice. Building on existing frameworks of public health competencies, infrastructure, and systems thinking principles, this article proposes a conceptual model and corresponding indicators for measuring organizational systems thinking and application within state public health departments. We describe our process for developing this model and indicators, drawing from both research and practice‐based evidence on systems thinking, and offer a set of indicators for measuring organizational‐level systems thinking in the context of public health practice.
Nanozyme for tumor therapy: Surface modification matters
Authors: Tang Guoheng , He Jiuyang , Liu Juewen , Yan Xiyun , Fan Kelong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAs the next generation of artificial enzymes, nanozymes have shown unique properties compared to its natural counterparts, such as stability in harsh environment, low cost, and ease of production and modification, paving the way for its biomedical applications. Among them, tumor catalytic therapy mediated by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has made great progress mainly from the peroxidase‐like activity of nanozymes. Fe3O4 nanozymes, the earliest type of nanomaterial discovered to possess peroxidase‐like activity, has consequently received wide attention for tumor therapy due to its ROS generation ability and tumor cell killing ability. However, inconsistent results of cytotoxicity were observed between different reports, and some even showed the scavenging of ROS in some cases. By collectively studying these inconsistent outcomes, we raise the question whether surface modification of Fe3O4 nanozymes, either through affecting peroxidase activity or by affecting the biodistribution and intracellular fate, play an important role in its therapeutic effects. This review will go over the fundamental catalytic mechanisms of Fe3O4 nanozymes and recent advances in tumor catalytic therapy, and discuss the importance of surface modification. Employing Fe3O4 nanozymes as an example, we hope to provide an outlook on the improvement of nanozyme‐based antitumor activity.
The asymmetric effect of renewable energy and trade on consumption-based CO2 emissions: The case of Italy
Authors: Ali Minhaj , Kirikkaleli Dervis 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Although numerous studies in the literature have been conducted to model CO2 emissions, there is a lack of empirical knowledge of consumption-based CO2 emissions, which are adjusted for international trade, specifically. Therefore, the present study aims to close this gap in the literature in the case of Italy, while capturing the asymmetric effect of trade, renewable energy, and economic growth on consumption-based CO2 emissions. The present study uses the Gregory–Hansen test for cointegration with regime shifts, Markov switching regression, nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL), and frequency domain causality test. The study's outcomes reveal that (1) the asymmetric effect of import on consumption-based CO2 emissions is positive, implying that rising import is associated with declining consumption-based environmental quality; (2) export, renewable consumption, and economic growth reduce consumption-based CO2 emissions in Italy. Moreover, these outcomes are supported by the outcomes of the frequency domain causality test. These innovative insights may prompt policy-makers to implement eco-friendly methods, such as renewable energy distribution and environmental innovation, to achieve a greener future. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:784–795. © 2021 SETAC
KEY POINTS
Rising import is associated with declining the consumption-based environmental quality. Export, renewable consumption, and economic growth reduce consumption-based CO2 emissions.
The Relationship of Types of Exploration Activities with Originality of Visual Arts Designs
Authors: van de Kamp Marie‐Thérèse , Admiraal Wilfried , Coertjens Liesje , Goossens Maarten , Rijlaarsdam Gert 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study examinesspecificexploration activities in students’ visual arts portfolios from secondary education. Creating original visual arts products requires exploration according to Getzels and Csiksentmihalyi (The creative vision. A longitudinal study of problem finding in Art. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1976). Obtaining insight about the contribution ofspecificexploration activities to the originality of arts products is important for designing and supporting learning in arts education. The aim of this study is to examine the contribution of activities within three types of exploration:association,combination, andabstractionto originality of visual arts designs. Data consist of 196 portfolio events showing exploration activities and art designs, from 11 Grade 11 visual arts students. Portfolio events were coded for three different types of exploration:association,combination, andabstraction, on a dimension of ascendingabstractness. We coded activities within each of these types, on a scale ofremoteness, to determine the metaphorical distance. Visual originality of each portfolio event was assessed using the comparative judgment method. Multilevel regression analyses showed all three types of exploration significantly contributed to originality of visual designs. In total, 31% of the variance in originality at portfolio events level was explained by these types of exploration. In general, the moreremoteexploration activities were, the moreoriginalthe visual design. These findings are discussed related to the literature on creative processes.
19F‐detected dual‐optimized inverted 1JCC 1,n‐ADEQUATE
Authors: Crouch Ronald C. , Raab Jeffrey G. , Pelmuş Marius , Tischenko Evgeny , Frey Michael , Buevich Alexei V. , Reibarkh Mikhail , Williamson R. Thomas , Martin Gary E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractModification of the recently reported 19F‐detected 1,1‐ADEQUATE experiment that incorporates dual‐optimization to selectively invert a wide range of 1JCC correlations in a 1,n‐ADEQUATE experiment is reported. Parameters for the dual‐optimization segment of the pulse sequence were modified to accommodate the increased size of 1JCC homonuclear coupling constants of poly‐ and perfluorinated molecules relative to protonated molecules to allow broadband inversion of the 1JCC correlations. The observation and utility of isotope shifts are reported for the first time for 1,1‐ and 1,n‐ADEQUATE correlations.
Energy‐aware mobility for aerial networks: A reinforcement learning approach
Authors: Bozkaya Elif , Özçevik Yusuf , Akkoç Mertkan , Erol Muhammed Raşit , Canberk Berk 
Published: September 2021

SummaryWith recent advancements in aerial networks, aerial base stations (ABSs) have become a promising mobile network technology to enhance the coverage and capacity of the cellular networks. ABS deployment can assist cellular networks to support network infrastructure or minimize the disruptions caused by unexpected and temporary situations. However, with 3D ABS placement, the continuity of the service has increased the challenge of providing satisfactory Quality of Service (QoS). The limited battery capacity of ABSs and continuous movement of users result in frequent interruptions. Although aerial networks provide quick and effective coverage, ABS deployment is challenging due to the user mobility, increased interference, handover delay, and handover failure. In addition, once an ABS is deployed, an intelligent management must be applied. In this paper, we model user mobility pattern and formulate energy‐aware ABS deployment problem with a goal of minimizing energy consumption and handover delay. To this end, the contributions of this paper are threefold: (i) analysis of reinforcement learning (RL)‐based state action reward state action (SARSA) algorithm to deploy ABSs with an energy consumption model, (ii) predicting the user next‐place with a hidden Markov model (HMM), and (iii) managing the dynamic movement of ABSs with a handover procedure. Our model is validated by comprehensive simulation, and the results indicate superiority of the proposed model on deploying multiple ABSs to provide the communication coverage.
“Is your SIF trying to do too much?”
Authors: Dowell Arthur M. (Art) 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe number of inputs and outputs to a SIF (safety instrumented function)—including voting—affects the probability of failure on demand (PFD) and the SIL (safety integrity level), assuming the test interval remains the same. The larger the number of inputs and outputs that perform separate functions, the higher the PFD and potentially the lower the SIL. What if the SIF includes all the sensors and final elements that are involved in any trip of a large processing unit like a heater, a reformer, or a distillation column? What if the SIF includes actions to shut down upstream and downstream units? When SIL verification is done for such a SIF, the target PFD and SIL may not be possible to achieve. The temptation may be to add redundancy in sensors and final elements or to reduce the proof test interval in an attempt to reduce the calculated PFD. Frustration may abound as capital and operating costs rise steeply. This paper shows how to use the principles of layer of protection analysis and the information in the process hazard analysis to split up the massive SIF into smaller SIFs that are more manageable. An example is included.
Characterization of heat exposure‐associated escape behaviors and HSP gene expression in bed bugs (Cimex lectularius L.)
Authors: Ashbrook Aaron R , Feder Jeffrey L , Scharf Michael E , Bennett Gary W , Gondhalekar Ameya D 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDHeat can be effective for bed bug elimination. However, in some cases bed bugs survive heat treatments. The objectives of this study were to determine the behavioral responses of bed bugs to rising harborage temperatures (23.0–49.0 °C) and identify which heat shock protein (HSP) genes are expressed after heat exposure. First, a custom‐made copper arena and harborage were used to determine the escape behaviors of six bed bug populations. Next, HSP gene expression responses of select populations were determined after heat exposure using real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR).RESULTSAnalysis of the 25 min behavioral experiment data found that harborage top temperatures associated with 25%, 50% and 75% probabilities of bed bugs to flee the harborage did not differ significantly between populations. Also, the percentage of insects that escaped from heated areas and survived (4.0–12.0%) was not different between populations. However, when specific temperatures at which successful escapes occurred were statistically compared, the Poultry House population was found to flee the harborage at statistically higher temperatures (43.6 ± 0.5 °C) than others (40.5 ± 0.6–42.0 ± 0.7 °C). The RT‐qPCR experiments revealed that the HSP70.1, HSP70.3, and Putative Small HSP genes were significantly up‐regulated 15 min, 2, and 4 h post‐heat exposure and decreased back to baseline levels by 24 h.CONCLUSIONSThis study shows that when harborage top temperatures approach 40.0–43.0 °C, bed bugs will disperse in search for cooler areas. This work implicates the HSP70.1, HSP70.3, and Putative Small HSP genes in heat induced stress recovery of bed bugs. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Design and analysis of a continuum robot for transnasal skull base surgery
Authors: Wei Xiaoyong , Zhang Yingxuan , Ju Feng , Guo Hao , Chen Bai , Wu Hongtao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe traditional surgical instruments for transnasal endoscopic skull base surgery have poor flexibility and continuum robot has attracted extensive attention for its high dexterity and safety.MethodsA new type of micro continuum surgical robot is designed. On the basis of kinematic analysis, a superposition method is proposed to analyse the reachable configuration space of the system, and the workspace is analysed. The results obtained by superposition method can provide reference for the selection of joint parameters. At last, the static model of the system is established considering friction and coupling between two segments.ResultsThe simulation results show that the workspace can meet the requirements of surgery. And the validity of the static model is verified by numerical simulation and experiment, which lays a foundation for the establishment of the driving force transmission system and precise control of the robot.ConclusionsThe research results of this study contribute to the real‐time control and movement of robot. The proposed continuum robot provides convenient conditions for the clinical application.
Quaternary Ammonium Functionalized Lignosulfonate for Simultaneous Adsorption of Anionic/Cationic Dyes and Desinfection
Authors: Tang Yu F. , Ai Shi J. , Lin Tian P. , Li Yu Q. , Zhou Rong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlthough various adsorbents have been developed for sewage treatment, only a few adsorbents can simultaneously adsorb anions/cations and disinfect. In this work, a quaternary lignosulfonate (Q‐LSP) was prepared, which can not only simultaneously adsorb anion and cation pollution, but also disinfect. FT‐IR, XPS were employed to confirm successful preparation of Q‐LSP. The Q‐LSP adsorbs cationic dye methylene blue (MB) and anionic dye Congo red (CR) favorably, and the maximum qe of Q‐LSP to MB and CR are 153 and 324 mg/g respectively according to Langmuir isotherm model. The Langmuir isotherm and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic models are more suitable to describe the adsorption process of MB and CR on Q‐LSP. In binary system containing MB and CR, Q‐LSP can simultaneously adsorb MB and CR, with MB adsorbed preferentially. The Q‐LSP loaded MB or CR is easily regenerated, and the adsorption properties of regenerated Q‐LSP only decreases by 9.2 % to CR and 9.6 % to MB respectively after 4 desorption‐resorption cycles. Moreover, the Q‐LSP can disinfect by leaking endogenous chemicals. Therefore, the Q‐LSP can be used as a new adsorbent possessing performance of simultaneously adsorbing anionic/cationic pollutants and bactericidal activities.
Metal‐Free Intramolecular Hydroalkoxylation of Alkyne: Recent Advances
Authors: Nanda Santosh K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHydroalkoxylation of alkyne offers a unique platform to rapidly access structurally complex and densely functionalized oxygen‐bearing heterocycles. Further, to enhance the synthetic utility, various cascade reactions including hydroalkoxylation have been reported in both stereo‐ as well as enantioselective manner under metal and metal‐free conditions. A collection of the most representative and recent methods employing metal‐free hydroalkoxylation events are presented in this review article.