bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complications Associated with the Orbital Bead Implant Operation
Authors: Walter William L 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARYThe primary objective of this paper is to suggest various precautionary measures in order to decrease the occurrence of possible complications associated with the orbital bead implant operation for anophthalmic "enophthalmos."It is important that the subperiosteal insertion of glass beads be used primarily in an anophthalmic orbit. A preoperative x-ray of the patient's orbit will help the surgeon decide the ideal location in making entry into the subperiosteal space. Cautiousdissection of the subperiosteal pocket is important in order to avoid damage to the levator muscle, blood vessels and nerves of the orbit. An accurate and careful positioning of the bead inserter is necessary in order to deposit the beads properly into the posterior portion of the subperiosteal space.
The Results of Extracapsular Cataract Extraction with a Shearing Posterior Chamber Lens Implant 34 to 40 Months After Surgery
Authors: Jaffe Norman S , Clayman Henry M , Jaffe Mark S , Light David S 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
A series of 300 consecutive extracapsular cataract extractions with a Shearing posterior chamber lens implant (plus 13 with a surgical complication necessitating another kind of lens implant or no implant) was evaluated 34 to 40 months after surgery, except for those who died before this time (21 patients) and those lost to follow-up (1 5 patients). Ninety-one percent of the 264 patients who were examined achieved 20/40 or better visual acuity. Ninety-one percent of the 300 patients (those examined plus those who died and those lost to follow-up according to their last recorded examination) achieved 20/40 or better visual acuity. This series was compared to a previously reported series of 300 consecutive intracapsular cataract extractions with a Binkhorst iris clip lens implant examined 34 to 40 months after surgery.
An Anatomical Reevaluation of Rectus Muscle Insertions
Authors: Apt Leonard , Call N Branson 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Certain strabismus operations require a thorough knowledge of the anatomy of rectus muscle insertions. Earlier anatomical studies were based on a small sample size and did not use precise microscopic techniques for measurements. To obtain accurate measurements of rectus muscle insertion relationships, 100 consecutive normal adult autopsy eyes were examined with a Vernier caliper and a dissecting microscope for high magnification.
Statistical analysis of these data provided a set of normal values for (1) distances from anterior and posterior limbus to rectus muscle insertions, (2) distances between anterior and posterior limbus, (3) length of line ("width") of rectus muscle insertions, and (4) distances between rectus muscle insertions. Although most of the determinations were somewhat similar to older previous studies, statistically they were significantly different.
The ophthalmologist can make use of the revised set of figures for rectus muscle insertion relationships in operations such as transposition procedures for A-V patterns and cranial nerve palsies, large recessions, and advancements in reoperations after recessions.
Muscle Surgery Without Scleral Sutures
Authors: von Noorden Gunter K 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Resection of the lateral rectus muscle with end-to-end suturing of the sectioned muscle segments in combination with marginal myotomies of the medial rectus muscles corrected a large angle esotropia in a patient with severe myopia and retinal damage. This approach may be considered as an alternative to conventional muscle surgery in patients in whom scleral suturing must be avoided.
The Cornered Incision - A Precision Cataract Wound
Authors: Torchia Richard T , McCarthy Rodney W 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
One hundred fifty-four patients underwent cataract extraction by using a new cornered incision. Closure with 10-0 nylon under keratometric control with the Terry surgical keratometer allowed 79% of patients to have 1.50 or less diopters of residual corneal astigmatism at two months without suture cutting. The cornered incision allowed for precision suture placement and wound closure, allowing for rapid patient visual rehabilitation.
Laboratory Analysis of the Lieberman Corneal Punch
Authors: Duffin R Michael , Olson Randall J 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
The Lieberman Corneal Punch, an instrument for the trephination of corneal donor tissue, was tested in the laboratory on human corneas preserved in McCarey-Kaufman (M-K) medium. Excellent corneal buttons were produced using 7.5-and 8.0-mm trephine blades, but trephination quality was variable using 8.5 and 9.0 mm blades. Modification of the curvature of the punching well may improve the trephination quality with the larger trephine blades.
Endogenous Endophthalmitis With Lenticular Abscess Caused by Enterobacter Agglomerans (Erwinia Species)
Authors: Zeiter John H , Koch Douglas D , Parke David W , Font Ramon L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report for the first time a case of metastatic endophthalmitis caused by the gram-negative organism Enterobacter agglomerane (Erwinia species). One day following internal hemorrhoidal ligation, the patient developed anterior uveitis that progressed to panophthalmitis with a lenticular abscess and a necrotic retina. Despite aggressive surgery and appropriate antibiotic therapy, the affected eye lost useful vision.
Use of a Scalp Vein Infusion Set in Oculoplastic Surgery
Authors: Custer Philip L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The scalp vein infusion set is a sterile, readily available device which has been used in a variety of oculoplastic procedures. Segments of the infusion tubing have been employed as bolsters for eyelid traction, tarsorrhaphy, and skin sutures. The tubing may also be placed in wounds for improved drainage. The material has enhanced postoperative wound care and has not been associated with significant complications.
Childhood Blindness: Dateline Africa
Authors: Kagame Kenneth , Schwab Larry 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Prevalence rates of childhood blindness and infant and childhood mortality in Africa are the highest in the world. Major factors contributing to these high rates are similar for both blindness and mortality: malnutrition, measles and other acute febrile infections, malnutrition with xerophthalmia, and limited or poor access to preventive and curative health services. Because of high national growth rates, stagnant economies, and the failure of national health care systems to expand with rapidly growing populations, childhood blindness in Africa likely will remain a significant international public health problem for the foreseeable future.
Locating Cut Medial Canaliculi by Direct Injection of Sodium Hyaluronate into the Lacrimal Sac
Authors: Seiff Stuart R , Ahn James C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Locating the cut medial ends of canaliculi after trauma or surgery can be difficult. In cases of double canalicular or common canalicular lacerations, injection of sodium hyaluronate (Healon®) directly into the lacrimal sac may help pinpoint the medial openings.
Surgical Removal of Cyanoacrylate Adhesive After Accidental Instillation in the Anterior Chamber
Authors: Siegal Jeffrey E , Zaidman Gerald W 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Cyanoacrylate adhesivas are frequently used to seal small corneal perforations. Their use has been limited, however, because of concern over their toxic effect on ocular structures. We describe a post-keratoplasty patient with a wound dehiscence that a surgeon had attempted to seal with cyanoacrylate glue. The glue was accidentally injected into the anterior chamber. After surgical reconstruction of the eye, however, no permanent ocular damage was observed.
Management of Pseudophakic Bullous Keratopathy
Authors: Morrison Linda K , Waltman Stephen R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The incidence of pseudophakic bullous keratopathy, now the most common indication for penetrating keratoplasty, is increasing. Since over one million intraocular lenses were implanted in 1986, a large number of eyes are at risk. The etiology of pseudophakic bullous keratopathy is varied and depends in great part on the surgical technique used for cataract extraction. Given the magnitude and changing patterns of intraocular lens usage, a review of pseudophakic bullous keratopathy is appropriate.
Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy: Does Oral Low-Dose Colchicine Have an Inhibitory Effect? A Controlled Study in Humans
Authors: Berman David H , Gombos George M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We investigated by means of a controlled prospective study, the effect of low dose oral colchicine (1.2 mg/day) on proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in humans. The PVR cases studied included ones associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, sickle retinopathy, trauma, and by venous occlusive disease. Applying Sandler's A statistic for correlated samples, we found no statistically significant difference between the results achieved in the colchicine group and those in the control group (vitamin C, 250 mg/day orally). We conclude that safe dosages of this drug do not significantly inhibit PVR.
The Use of Cyanoacrylate Adhesive With a Collagen Shield in Leaking Filtering Blebs
Authors: Weber Paul A , Baker N Douglas 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We describe our technique for sealing leaking filtering blebs with cyanoacrylate adhesive, using a collagen shield to cover the adhesive. We believe the shield makes the patient more comfortable and decreases the likelihood of dislodgement of the adhesive.
Axial Length and the Average Ophthalmologist-Is Biometry Worthwhile?
Authors: Story Paul G , Wiesner Paul D 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The refractive predictability of 477 lens implants with powers calculated using biometric data and lens power formulas was reviewed and compared with postoperative refractions that would have been expected had standard power lenses been implanted. Eighty-nine percent of the calculated lenses were within 1.25 diopters and 98% were within 2.00 D of the desired refractions. Fifty-two percent and 73% of the standard lenses would have yielded these respective degrees of accuracy. Eyes grouped according to preoperative refractive error and those for which emmetropia or emetropia was predicted were similarly compared with similar results for all groups. The calculated lenses consistently provided better post-operative refractive predictability than could have been achieved with standard lenses.
An Evaluation of Three Surgical Approaches for Coexisting Cataract and Glaucoma
Authors: Murchison J Franklin , Shields M Bruce 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Seventy-eight eyes of 69 patients with coexisting cataract and glaucoma underwent extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation by one surgeon. A combined guarded filtering procedure was performed in 22 of these cases, and a two-stage procedure filtering surgery followed by cataract extraction was performed in 22 more. Cataract surgery alone was performed in the remaining 34. Since different criteria were used for selecting one of these three surgical approaches, and since baseline values in the three groups were not comparable, the significance of the results is limited. Observations of possible clinical significance, however, include the following: there were fewer early postoperative intraocular pressure rises associated with the combined procedures than were associated with cataract surgery alone, but there was an otherwise relatively lower complication rate in the latter group. AH three groups had similar final intraocular pressures, although eyes undergoing the two-stage procedure, having had higher baseline pressures than those in the other two groups, had a higher percentage pressure reduction.
Blindness Following Retrobulbar Anesthesia for Astigmatic Keratotomy
Authors: Jindra Lawrence F 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Retrobulbar anesthesia has become the most common form of anesthesia used in ophthalmic surgery. Acute blindness is a rare but known complication of retrobulbar anesthesia given for intraocular surgery. I report a case of acute, permanent blindness caused by direct trauma to the optic nerve when retrobulbar anesthesia was used for an astigmatism correction procedure. Complications, sometimes probably too incidental or insignificant to be noticed, probably occur far more frequently than a review of the literature would indicate. Using dull shorter needles, proper eye positioning, and injection technique will minimize risk of injury to the optic nerve. Another alternative under review is the use of peribulbar anesthesia. Perhaps the best way to prevent a complication from a retrobulbar injection, however, is to carefully and judiciously consider whether any injection at all is needed.
A Modification of the Use of the Glaucoma Tamponade Shell
Authors: Joiner D Wade , Liebmann Jeffrey M , Ritch Robert 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Filtering surgery may be complicated by excessive filtration or bleb leak in the postoperative period, resulting in a shallow or flat anterior chamber and choroidal detachment. A glaucoma tamponade shell with a raised inner platform increases the resistance to flow through the fistula, deepening the anterior chamber. Some surgeons apply a pressure patch over the shell to increase the tamponading effect and to prevent rotation of the shell. Nevertheless, the shell may still rotate, resulting in less than adequate tamponade. We describe a technique that prevents rotation of the shell.
Punctal and Vertical Canaliculus Lacerations
Authors: Hurwitz Jeffrey J , Corin Scott M , Tucker Susan M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report a patient with a rare form of laceration through the lower punctum, vertical canaliculus, ampulla, and lower eyelid. A modification of a standard canalicular laceration repair involving the use of silk stent in the canalicular system is described.
Cyanoacrylate Temporary Tarsorrhaphy in the Management of Corneal Epithelial Defects
Authors: Donnenfeld Eric D , Perry Henry D , Nelson David B 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Cyanoacrylate tarsorrhaphy is an easily administered, painless technique for the temporary management of corneal epithelial defects. We have used the technique in 17 patients to treat persistent epithelial defects and exposure keratitis, as well as following epikeratophakia, allowing the tarsorrhaphy to remain in place for 1 to 15 days (mean, 5.7 days). Eleven of the 17 patients required only one application of Cyanoacrylate; five had additional Cyanoacrylate applied at the time of the original tarsorrhaphy to produce more extensive lid closure; and one required additional Cyanoacrylate on day 3 to produce more extensive lid apposition.
Optical Principles Related to Optimizing Sclerostomy Procedures
Authors: Fankhauser Franz , Dürr Ulrich , England Ceri , England Ceri , Kwasniewska Sylwia , Van der Zypen Eugen , Henchoz Pierre-David 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A simple probe, consisting of a 200-micrometer uncladded silica optical fiber, advanced from a protecting 22-gauge hypodermic needle, was used to create sclerostomy fistulas both ab interno and ab externo by means of a combined radiation/ mechanical effect. Perforation was achieved by exerting gentle forward pressure on the fiber in synchrony with the delivery of radiation pulses. An irradiation protocol suitable for producing such canals in cadaver porcine eyes was delineated using Ho:YAG, Nd:YAG, and diode laser energy sources. Despite significant differences in the pulse energy required for perforation (0.25, 7, and 8 J for the Ho:YAG, diode, and Nd: YAG lasers, respectively), the extent of collateral damage was comparable for each type of laser. The physical mechanisms underlying these findings are discussed.
Histologic Differences in the Conjunctiva of Black and White Glaucoma Patients
Authors: McMillan Tod A , Stewart William C , Hennis Hugh L , Hunt Hurshell H , Apple David J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We compared perioperative conjunctival biopsy specimens from 31 consecutive trabeculectomy patients to determine If there were any histologic differences between black and white glaucoma patients. We found a statistically significantly greater mean and distribution of mast cells and neutrophils in the white patients. No significant difference was found in the mean number of goblet cells, eosinophiles, macrophages, fibroblasts, plasma cells, or lymphocytes; or in thickness of the epithelium, vascular density, or collagen or mucopolysaccharide staining. We conclude that histological conjunctival factors that could be evaluated preoperative^ probably are not related to the poor results in black patients of filtration surgery noted by some investigators.
Limiting Applications of Cryotherapy for Severe Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Spencer Rand , Hutton William L , Snyder William B , Fuller Dwain G , Fish Gary E , Vaiser Albert , Jost Bradley F 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In an effort to minimize surgical and visual morbidity of cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), 18 eyes of 13 patients with 3 to 7 clock hours of stage 3 ROP with "plus" disease were treated by cryotherapy applications limited to the avascular retina adjacent to the areas of stage 3 disease. In 17 of 18 eyes, this limited use of cryotherapy was sufficient to cause regression of ROP without further treatments. After at least 3 months follow-up, ROP outcome showed a normal macular appearance in 16 eyes; two eyes developed macular dragging; no retinal detachments occurred.
Using High-Frequency Ultrasound to Characterize Intraocular Foreign Bodies
Authors: Nouby-Mahmoud Gamal , Silverman Ronald H , Coleman D Jackson 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We scanned uniformly-sized particles of brass, aluminum, glass, and plastic at ultrasonic frequencies of 10 and 50 MHz to determine the effects of material type and transducer frequency on the ultrasonographic appearance of these particles. The particles were scanned in vitro against both anechoic and echoic backgrounds and in vivo, implanted in the angle of rabbit eyes. Both the metals and glass produced reverberations against an anechoic background; the plastic particles appeared as discrete objects, with no reverberations. Against an echoic background, the plastic particles created prominent shadows, while the metal ones did not. When placed in the angle of a rabbit eye, with the exception of the plastic at 10 MHz, all the materials could be differentiated from surrounding tissues at both frequencies. However, the appearance of the foreign body and the surrounding tissues, as well as their exact location and size, were most obvious with the 50-MHz system. In general, the particles produced more reverberations at 10 than at 50 MHz, and more prominent shadowing at 50 than at 10 MHz. In summary, high-frequency imaging enabled superior characterization of all the particles.
Wound Healing Modulation in Glaucoma Filtration Surgery
Authors: Costa Vital P , Spaeth George L , Eiferman Richard A , Orengo-Nania Silvia 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTIn some cases, modulation of wound healing, in association with glaucoma filtration surgery, results in lower postoperative intraocular pressures than would occur without such therapy. Treatments affecting wound healing increase the likelihood of achieving long-term filtration, especially in eyes with a poor surgical prognosis.After summarizing the wound-healing process following filtration procedures, we review the mechanism of action, the effectiveness, and the complications associated with some of the most commonly used wound healing inhibitors and then discuss new alternatives currently under investigation. Although much progress has been made, the challenge remains to develop new drugs or combinations of drugs that are less toxic and can yield more predictable results.
Subconjunctival THC:YAG Laser Sclerostomy for the Treatment of Glaucoma: Preliminary Data
Authors: Bonomi Luciano , Perfetti Sergio , Marraffa Michele , Bellucci Roberto , Baravelli Stefano , Casata Annamaria 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A subconjunctival thermal sclerostomy was performed using the recently developed THC:YAG laser in 33 eyes with a variety of glaucomas in which, in most cases, neither medical therapy nor previous procedures had been successful in controlling intraocular pressure (IOP). The mean preoperative IOP was 27.5 ± 7,5 mm Hg with maximum medication. The laser procedure was quick and easy, with minimal manipulation of tissues; complications were clinically insignificant. The day after the operation, 23 eyes had an IOP less than 18 mm Hg; in the other 10, it was unchanged. In most of the eyes, an obvious filtering bleb developed at the site of the sclerostomy. The internal opening of the sclerostomy was visible on gonioscopy, except in five cases, in which it was plugged by a fold of the iris root. One year after the operation, IOP was controlled in three eyes without medication and in 18 with medication. IOP remained uncontrolled in the remaining 12 eyes.
The Efficacy of cw Nd:YAG Laser Trabeculoplasty
Authors: Kwasniewska Sylwia , Fankhauser Franz , Larsen Søren E , Cruz-Orive Luis M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The long-term (mean follow up, 51 weeks) efficacy of cw Nd:YAG laser trabeculoplasty in reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) was studied in 106 eyes of 75 patients. Fifty patients (73 eyes) of this group had primary open-angle glaucoma; 11 (17), mixed glaucoma; 10 (12), pseudoexfoliation syndrome; and 4 (4), secondary glaucoma of varied etiology. Fifty laser impacts were delivered over 180° of the circumference of the chamber angle with an Nd: YAG laser working in the cw mode (spot diameter, 100 µ,p?; exposure duration, from 200 to 300 milliseconds; constant power level, 9 W, resulting in 1.8 to 2.7 J/pulse and a total energy dose/session of 90 to 135 J). In a few cases, an exposure duration of 400 milliseconds was used, corresponding to a pulse energy of 3.6 J/pulse and a total energy dose/session of 180 J.
Success was defined as a reduction in IOP to 22 mm Hg or less without any further laser or surgical intervention. The cumulative success rate was 97.2% at 1 month, 93.3% at 3 months, 83.3% at 6 months, 78.7% at 12 months, and 71.5% at 24 months. Thus, the efficacy of cw Nd: YAG laser trabeculoplasty is comparable to that reported for trabeculoplasty performed using the argon laser (ALT), the Nd:YAG laser working in the free-running mode, and the diode laser. Biomicroscopy failed to reveal any serious inflammatory reactions persisting longer than 1 week. We conclude that cw Nd: YAG laser trabeculoplasty is a safe and effective alternative to ALT.
Pasteurella multocida Keratitis and Corneal Laceration from a Cat Scratch
Authors: Ho Allen C , Rapuano Christopher J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A 24-year-old woman was evaluated 12 hours after she sustained a cat scratch to her left eye. Slit-lamp examination revealed a Seidel-positive corneal laceration with a surrounding dense full-thickness corneal ulcer and severe inflammatory reaction. Since the anterior chamber was well formed, it was decided not to repair the laceration on an emergency basis. She was initially treated with intensive topical fortified tobramycin and vancomycin, and intravenous gentamicin and clindamycin. Cultures of the corneal ulcer revealed Pasteurella multocida and the antibiotic regimen was adjusted appropriately. The laceration healed without surgery, and the infection resolved well, with excellent visual acuity.
Heterologous Cartilage in Sandwich Lower Lid Reconstruction
Authors: Steinkogler F J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Postoperative healing in 15 patients in which Chondroplast®, a heterologous irradiated bovine cartilage preparation, was used in conjunction with the "sandwich technique" to replace form-defining and supporting intrapalpebral lamella in connection with treatment of palpebrai tumors, was uncomplicated, with no rejection to date.