bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secular trends of population attributable risk of overweight and obesity for hypertension among Chinese adults from 1991 to 2011
Authors: Gou Jian , Wu Huiying 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe determined if the increasing trend in hypertension can be partly attributed to increasing prevalence of overweight/obesity in China over the past two decades. Data were collected from 1991 to 2011 and the population attributable risk (PAR), which is used to estimate the intervention effect on hypertension if overweight/obese, were eliminated. Linear regression was used to evaluate the secular trends. The age-standardized prevalence of overweight and obesity increased by 26.32% with an overall slope of 1.27% (95% CI: 1.12–1.43%) per year. Hypertension also increased by 12.37% with an overall slope of 0.65% (95% CI: 0.51–0.79%) per year. The adjusted ORs of overweight/obesity for hypertension across the survey years remained unchanged; however, the trend in PAR increased steadily from 27.1 to 44.6% with an overall slope of 0.81% (95% CI: 0.34–1.28%) per year (P = 0.006). There was no significant gender difference in the slopes of increasing PAR, as measured by regression coefficients (β = 0.95% vs. β = 0.63% per year, P = 0.36). Over the past two decades, the increase in the prevalence of hypertension in China was partly attributed to the overweight/obesity epidemic, which highlights the importance of controlling weight and further reducing the burden of hypertension.
Broadband noise insulation of windows using coiled-up silencers consisting of coupled tubes
Authors: Wang Shuping , Tao Jiancheng , Qiu Xiaojun , Burnett Ian S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIt has been demonstrated that a staggered window achieves better noise reduction performance than a traditional single glazing one at middle to high frequencies while maintaining a degree of natural ventilation. There is, however, little improvement in the low frequency range. In contrast, this work proposes to apply coiled-up silencers consisting of coupled tubes on the side walls of staggered windows to obtain noise attenuation in a broad band, especially in the low frequency range. Each element in the silencer consists of two coupled tubes with different cross sections so that noise at more frequencies can be attenuated than that with a uniform cross section. The simulation results show that 8.8 dB overall insertion loss can be obtained between 100 and 500 Hz after applying a combination of silencers designed at 7 different frequencies, and the insertion loss of the staggered window is increased from 6.7 to 15.6 dBA between 100 and 2000 Hz for normal incident traffic noise with the proposed silencers installed. The design is validated by the experiments with a 1:4 scale down model.
Relationships between oxygen changes in the brain and periphery following physiological activation and the actions of heroin and cocaine
Authors: Thomas Shruthi A. , Curay Carlos M. , Kiyatkin Eugene A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUsing two-sensor electrochemical recordings in freely moving rats, we examined the relationship between physiological and drug-induced oxygen fluctuations in the brain and periphery. Animals chronically implanted with oxygen sensors in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and subcutaneous (SC) space were subjected to several mildly arousing stimuli (sound, tail-pinch and social interaction) and intravenous injections of cocaine and heroin. Arousing stimuli induced rapid increases in NAc oxygen levels followed by and correlated with oxygen decreases in the SC space. Therefore, cerebral vasodilation that increases cerebral blood flow and oxygen entry into brain tissue results from both direct neuronal activation and peripheral vasoconstriction, which redistributes arterial blood from periphery to the brain. The latter factor could also explain a similar pattern of oxygen responses found in the substantia nigra reticulata, suggesting hyperoxia as a global phenomenon with minor structural differences during early time intervals following the stimulus onset. While arousing stimuli and cocaine induced similar oxygen responses in the brain and SC space, heroin induced a biphasic down-up brain oxygen fluctuation associated with a monophasic oxygen decrease in the SC space. Oxygen decreases occurred more rapidly and stronger in the SC space, reflecting a drop in blood oxygen levels due to respiratory depression.
Convergence of heteromodal lexical retrieval in the lateral prefrontal cortex
Authors: Aabedi Alexander A. , Kakaizada Sofia , Young Jacob S. , Kaur Jasleen , Wiese Olivia , Valdivia Claudia , Krishna Saritha , Weyer-Jamora Christina , Berger Mitchel S. , Weissman Daniel H. , Brang David , Hervey-Jumper Shawn L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLexical retrieval requires selecting and retrieving the most appropriate word from the lexicon to express a desired concept. Few studies have probed lexical retrieval with tasks other than picture naming, and when non-picture naming lexical retrieval tasks have been applied, both convergent and divergent results emerged. The presence of a single construct for auditory and visual processes of lexical retrieval would influence cognitive rehabilitation strategies for patients with aphasia. In this study, we perform support vector regression lesion-symptom mapping using a brain tumor model to test the hypothesis that brain regions specifically involved in lexical retrieval from visual and auditory stimuli represent overlapping neural systems. We find that principal components analysis of language tasks revealed multicollinearity between picture naming, auditory naming, and a validated measure of word finding, implying the existence of redundant cognitive constructs. Nonparametric, multivariate lesion-symptom mapping across participants was used to model accuracies on each of the four language tasks. Lesions within overlapping clusters of 8,333 voxels and 21,512 voxels in the left lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) were predictive of impaired picture naming and auditory naming, respectively. These data indicate a convergence of heteromodal lexical retrieval within the PFC.
Fine-tuning the performance of ddRAD-seq in the peach genome
Authors: Aballay Maximiliano Martín , Aguirre Natalia Cristina , Filippi Carla Valeria , Valentini Gabriel Hugo , Sánchez Gerardo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe advance of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies allows high-throughput genotyping at a reasonable cost, although, in the case of peach, this technology has been scarcely developed. To date, only a standard Genotyping by Sequencing approach (GBS), based on a single restriction with ApeKI to reduce genome complexity, has been applied in peach. In this work, we assessed the performance of the double-digest RADseq approach (ddRADseq), by testing 6 double restrictions with the restriction profile generated with ApeKI. The enzyme pair PstI/MboI retained the highest number of loci in concordance with the in silico analysis. Under this condition, the analysis of a diverse germplasm collection (191 peach genotypes) yielded 200,759,000 paired-end (2 × 250 bp) reads that allowed the identification of 113,411 SNP, 13,661 InDel and 2133 SSR. We take advantage of a wide sample set to describe technical scope of the platform. The novel platform presented here represents a useful tool for genomic-based breeding for peach.
Pd NPs supported on halloysite functionalized with Schiff base as an efficient catalyst for Sonogashira reaction
Authors: Daraie Mansoureh , Heravi Majid M. , Rangraz Yalda , Besharati Zahra 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA hybrid system was designed and synthesized through reacting modified halloysite (Hal-Cl) with Schiff base (DAB-PC) and applied as catalytic support for anchoring Pd NPs to afford Pd@Hal-DAB-PC catalyst. The resultant material was well identified by various analyses including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and revealed outstanding catalytic activity in the Sonogashira reaction in aqueous media. Also, This nanocatalyst was simply collected and recycled up to six runs with a slight drop in efficiency, indicating the durability of Pd@Hal-DAB-PC.
Rethinking the causes of pilonidal sinus disease: a matched cohort study
Authors: Doll Dietrich , Brengelmann Imke , Schober Patrick , Ommer Andreas , Bosche Friederike , Papalois Apostolos E. , Petersen Sven , Wilhelm Dirk , Jongen Johannes , Luedi Markus M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOur understanding of pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is based on a paper published 29 years ago by Karydakis. Since then, surgeons have been taught that hair more easily penetrates wet skin, leading to the assumption that sweating promotes PSD. This postulate, however, has never been proven. Thus we used pilocarpine iontophoresis to assess sweating in the glabella sacralis. 100 patients treated for PSD and 100 controls were matched for sex, age and body mass index (BMI). Pilocarpine iontophoresis was performed for 5 min, followed by 15 min of sweat collection. PSD patients sweated less than their matched pairs (18.4 ± 1.6 µl vs. 24.2 ± 2.1 µl, p = 0.03). Men sweated more than women (22.2 ± 1.2 µl vs. 15.0 ± 1.0 µl in non-PSD patients (p < 0.0001) and 20.0 ± 1.9 µl vs. 11.9 ± 2.0 µl in PSD patients (p = 0.051)). And regular exercisers sweated more than non-exercisers (29.1 ± 2.9 µl vs. 18.5 ± 1.6 µl, p = 0.0006 for men and 20.7 ± 2.3 µl vs. 11.4 ± 1.4 µl, p = 0.0005 for women). PSD patients sweat less than matched controls. Thus sweating may have a protective effect in PSD rather than being a risk factor.
Transversal gene expression panel to evaluate intestinal health in broiler chickens in different challenging conditions
Authors: Criado-Mesas L. , Abdelli N. , Noce A. , Farré M. , Pérez J. F. , Solà-Oriol D. , Martin-Venegas R. , Forouzandeh A. , González-Solé F. , Folch J. M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere is a high interest on gut health in poultry with special focus on consequences of the intestinal diseases, such as coccidiosis and C. perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis (NE). We developed a custom gene expression panel, which could provide a snapshot of gene expression variation under challenging conditions. Ileum gene expression studies were performed through high throughput reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. A deep review on the bibliography was done and genes related to intestinal health were selected for barrier function, immune response, oxidation, digestive hormones, nutrient transport, and metabolism. The panel was firstly tested by using a nutritional/Clostridium perfringensmodel of intestinal barrier failure (induced using commercial reused litter and wheat-based diets without exogenous supplementation of enzymes) and the consistency of results was evaluated by another experiment under a coccidiosis challenge (orally gavaged with a commercial coccidiosis vaccine, 90× vaccine dose). Growth traits and intestinal morphological analysis were performed to check the gut barrier failure occurrence. Results of ileum gene expression showed a higher expression in genes involved in barrier function and nutrient transport in chickens raised in healthy conditions, while genes involved in immune response presented higher expression inC.perfringens-challenged birds. On the other hand, theEimeriachallenge also altered the expression of genes related to barrier function and metabolism, and increased the expression of genes related to immune response and oxidative stress. The panel developed in the current study gives us an overview of genes and pathways involved in broiler response to pathogen challenge. It also allows us to deep into the study of differences in gene expression pattern and magnitude of responses under either a coccidial vaccine or a NE.
Pterostilbene promotes mitochondrial apoptosis and inhibits proliferation in glioma cells
Authors: Gao Haijun , Liu Ziqiang , Xu Weidong , Wang Qunhui , Zhang Chaochao , Ding Yaonan , Nie Weiguang , Lai Jiacheng , Chen Yong , Huang Haiyan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGlioma is the most general primary and lethal intracranial malignant tumor. Pterostilbene (PTE), an analog of stilbene and resveratrol, has attracted attention in recent years due to its significant antitumor activity in multiple solid tumors; however, its effect on drug-resistant glioma cells and the underlying mechanism have not yet been reported. In this study, we found that pterostilbene inhibited proliferation, induced intrinsic mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and caused S phase arrest, inhibited migration and excessive invasion in glioma cells. Pretreatment with the pan-caspase-inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK attenuated the PTE-induced apoptosis of glioma cells. Moreover, PTE significantly increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Inhibition of ROS with N-acetyl-l-cysteine not only rescued PTE-induced reduction of cellular viability but also prevented glioma cell apoptosis. We also discovered ERK 1/2 and JNK signaling pathways were activated by PTE and contributed to induce glioma cell apoptosis. In addition, specific inhibitors of ERK 1/2 and JNK attenuated PTE-induced apoptosis. Besides, PTE significantly reduced tumor volume and prolonged median survival of tumor-bearing rats in vivo. In summary, the results of this study indicate that the anti-tumor effect of PTE on glioma cells may provide a new treatment option for glioma patients.
Molecular and epidemiologic characterization of the diphtheria outbreak in Venezuela
Authors: Strauss Ricardo A. , Herrera-Leon Laura , Guillén Ana C. , Castro Julio S. , Lorenz Eva , Carvajal Ana , Hernandez Elizabeth , Navas Trina , Vielma Silvana , Lopez Neiris , Lopez Maria G. , Aurenty Lisbeth , Navas Valeria , Rosas Maria A. , Drummond Tatiana , Martínez José G. , Hernández Erick , Bertuglia Francis , Andrade Omaira , Torres Jaime , May Jürgen , Herrera-Leon Silvia , Eibach Daniel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn 2016, Venezuela faced a large diphtheria outbreak that extended until 2019. Nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal samples were prospectively collected from 51 suspected cases and retrospective data from 348 clinical records was retrieved from 14 hospitals between November 2017 and November 2018. Confirmed pathogenic Corynebactrium isolates were biotyped. Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) was performed followed by next-generation-based core genome-MLST and minimum spanning trees were generated. Subjects between 10 and 19 years of age were mostly affected (n = 95; 27.3%). Case fatality rates (CFR) were higher in males (19.4%), as compared to females (15.8%). The highest CFR (31.1%) was observed among those under 5, followed by the 40 to 49 age-group (25.0%). Nine samples corresponded to C. diphtheriae and 1 to C. ulcerans. Two Sequencing Types (ST), ST174 and ST697 (the latter not previously described) were identified among the eight C. diphtheriae isolates from Carabobo state. Cg-MLST revealed only one cluster also from Carabobo. The Whole Genome Sequencing analysis revealed that the outbreak seemed to be caused by different strains with C. diphtheriae and C. ulcerans coexisting. The reemergence and length of this outbreak suggest vaccination coverage problems and an inadequate control strategy.
PD-1 and PD-L1 expression on TILs in peritoneal metastases compared to ovarian tumor tissues and its associations with clinical outcome
Authors: Bekos Christine , Pils Dietmar , Dekan Sabine , Hofstetter Gerda , Horak Peter , Reinthaller Alexander , Polterauer Stephan , Schwameis Richard , Aust Stefanie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe therapeutic potential of immune checkpoint inhibitors is currently being investigated in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), but immunological effects of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis in EOC still remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was thus to compare infiltration rates of PD-1 and PD-L1 expressing tumor infiltrating leucocytes (TILs) in primary ovarian tumor tissue and metastatic intraperitoneal implants and to investigate its impact on overall survival (OS). Tumor specimens (ovarian tumor tissues and intraperitoneal metastases) of 111 patients were used to investigate the PD-1, PD-L1 and CD8 expression rates on TILs and PD-L1 expression rate of tumor cells. The percentages of CD8, PD-1, and PD-L1 expressing subpopulations of TILs differ in primary ovarian tumor tissues and metastatic intraperitoneal implants. High PD-1 among TILs in peritoneal metastases were associated with favorable OS. High PD-L1 expression in TILs was associated with poor OS. Combining both factors in peritoneal metastases revealed an unfavorable prognosis. Primary ovarian tumor tissue and intraperitoneal metastatic tissues in EOC might have different strategies to evade immune control. Those findings are of importance for the process of biomarker assessment to predict patients’ response to immunotherapy.
Phase Ib trial of reformulated niclosamide with abiraterone/prednisone in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Parikh Mamta , Liu Chengfei , Wu Chun-Yi , Evans Christopher P. , Dall’Era Marc , Robles Daniel , Lara Primo N. , Agarwal Neeraj , Gao Allen C. , Pan Chong-Xian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNiclosamide has preclinical activity against a wide range of cancers. In prostate cancer, it inhibits androgen receptor variant 7 and synergizes with abiraterone. The approved niclosamide formulation has poor oral bioavailability. The primary objective of this phase Ib trial was to identify a maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of a novel reformulated orally-bioavailable niclosamide/PDMX1001 in combination with abiraterone and prednisone in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Eligible patients had progressing CRPC, adequate end-organ function, and no prior treatment with abiraterone or ketoconazole. Patients were treated with escalating doses of niclosamide/PDMX1001 and standard doses of abiraterone and prednisone. Peak and trough niclosamide plasma levels were measured. Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v4.0 and Prostate Cancer Working Group 2 criteria were used to evaluate toxicities and responses. Nine patients with metastatic CRPC were accrued, with no dose-limiting toxicities observed at all dose levels. The recommended Phase II dose of niclosamide/PDMX1001 was 1200 mg orally (PO) three times daily plus abiraterone 1000 mg PO once daily and prednisone 5 mg PO twice daily. Trough and peak niclosamide concentrations exceeded the therapeutic threshold of > 0.2 µM. The combination was well tolerated with most frequent adverse effects of diarrhea. Five out of eight evaluable patients achieved a PSA response; two achieved undetectable PSA and radiographic response. A novel niclosamide/PDMX1001 reformulation achieved targeted plasma levels when combined with abiraterone and prednisone, and was well tolerated. Further study of niclosamide/PDMX1001 with this combination is warranted.
Suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 mimetic peptides attenuate lymphocyte activation in the MRL/lpr mouse autoimmune model
Authors: Sharma Jatin , Collins Teresa D. , Roach Tracoyia , Mishra Shiwangi , Lam Brandon K. , Mohamed Zaynab Sidi , Veal Antia E. , Polk Timothy B. , Jones Amari , Cornaby Caleb , Haider Mohammed I. , Zeumer-Spataro Leilani , Johnson Howard M. , Morel Laurence M. , Larkin Joseph 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAutoimmune diseases are driven largely by a pathogenic cytokine milieu produced by aberrantly activated lymphocytes. Many cytokines, including interferon gamma (IFN-γ), utilize the JAK/STAT pathway for signal propagation. Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-1 (SOCS1) is an inducible, intracellular protein that regulates IFN-γ signaling by dampening JAK/STAT signaling. Using Fas deficient, MRL/MpJ-Faslpr/J (MRL/lpr) mice, which develop lupus-like disease spontaneously, we tested the hypothesis that a peptide mimic of the SOCS1 kinase inhibitory region (SOCS1-KIR) would inhibit lymphocyte activation and modulate lupus-associated pathologies. Consistent with in vitro studies, SOCS1-KIR intraperitoneal administration reduced the frequency, activation, and cytokine production of memory CD8+and CD4+T lymphocytes within the peripheral blood, spleen, and lymph nodes. In addition, SOCS1-KIR administration reduced lymphadenopathy, severity of skin lesions, autoantibody production, and modestly reduced kidney pathology. On a cellular level, peritoneal SOCS1-KIR administration enhanced Foxp3 expression in total splenic and follicular regulatory T cells, reduced the effector memory/naïve T lymphocyte ratio for both CD4+and CD8+cells, and reduced the frequency of GL7+germinal center enriched B cells. Together, these data show that SOCS1-KIR treatment reduced auto-reactive lymphocyte effector functions and suggest that therapeutic targeting of the SOCS1 pathway through peptide administration may have efficacy in mitigating autoimmune pathologies.
Refining pulsar radio emission due to streaming instabilities: Linear theory and PIC simulations in a wide parameter range
Authors: Manthei Alina C. , Benáček Jan , Muñoz Patricio A. , Büchner Jörg 
Published: March 2021

Context. Several important mechanisms that explain coherent pulsar radio emission rely on streaming (or beam) instabilities of the relativistic pair plasma in a pulsar magnetosphere. However, it is still not clear whether the streaming instability by itself is sufficient to explain the observed coherent radio emission. Due to the relativistic conditions that are present in the pulsar magnetosphere, kinetic instabilities could be quenched. Moreover, uncertainties regarding specific model-dependent parameters impede conclusions concerning this question.
Aims. We aim to constrain the possible parameter range for which a streaming instability could lead to pulsar radio emission, focusing on the transition between strong and weak beam models, beam drift speed, and temperature dependence of the beam and background plasma components.
Methods. We solve a linear relativistic kinetic dispersion relation appropriate for pulsar conditions in a more general way than in previous studies, considering a wider parameter range. In doing so, we provide a theoretical prediction of maximum and integrated growth rates as well as of the fractional bandwidth of the most unstable waves for the investigated parameter ranges. The analytical results are validated by comparison with relativistic kinetic particle-in-cell (PIC) numerical simulations.
Results. We obtain growth rates as a function of background and beam densities, temperatures, and streaming velocities while finding a remarkable agreement of the linear dispersion predictions and numerical simulation results in a wide parameter range. Monotonous growth is found when increasing the beam-to-background density ratio. With growing beam velocity, the growth rates firstly increase, reach a maximum and decrease again for higher beam velocities. A monotonous dependence on the plasma temperatures is found, manifesting in an asymptotic behaviour when reaching colder temperatures. A simultaneous change of both temperatures proves not to be a mere linear superposition of both individual temperature dependences. We show that the generated waves are phase-coherent by calculating the fractional bandwidth.
Conclusions. Plasma streaming instabilities of the pulsar pair plasma can efficiently generate coherent radio signals if the streaming velocity is ultra-relativistic with Lorentz factors in the range 13 <  γ <  300, if the background and beam temperatures are small enough (inverse temperatures ρ0; ρ1 ≥ 1, i.e., T0; T1 ≤ 6 × 109), and if the beam-to-background plasma density ratio n1/(γbn0) exceeds 10−3, which means that n1/n0 has to be between 1.3 and 20% (depending on the streaming velocity).