bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human‐induced evolution: Signatures, processes and mechanisms underneath anthropogenic footprints on natural systems
Authors: Baltazar‐Soares Miguel , Brans Kristien I. , Eizaguirre Christophe 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe impact of human activities on the global environment has increased to such an extent that the current geological era has been coined the Anthropocene. Studies dedicated to understanding the evolutionary consequences of human‐induced selection on all levels of diversity (species, populations, traits, genes) provide direct knowledge about the mechanisms underlying species' responses and their evolutionary potential. A better understanding of the effects of human‐induced selection is needed to leverage evolved mechanisms to develop appropriate conservation programmes to guarantee the maintenance of healthy systems. In this special issue, we focus on different types of human‐mediated selection pressures, from the direct harvesting of individuals (e.g. hunting, fishing), to the more pervasive effects of climate change. Contributions highlight the diversity of human‐induced selection pressures ranging from fisheries, trophy‐hunting, poaching and domestication to climate change, and pollution. With those, we question whether there are parallel evolutionary solutions across fisheries systems, whether hunting pressures alter population dynamics and population structure, and whether climate change is an evolutionary dead‐end. The contributions reflect the direction of travel of the field and the solutions to mitigate the impact of human activities.
Experimental investigation of the fatigue crack growth behavior in wire arc additively manufactured ER100S‐1 steel specimens
Authors: Ermakova Anna , Ganguly Supriyo , Razavi Nima , Berto Filippo , Mehmanparast Ali 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is an advanced fabrication technology for the rapid and efficient production of large‐scale engineering structures. In order to design WAAM components for a given loading condition, it is essential to characterize the mechanical and failure behavior of the parts. In this study, the performance of ER100S‐1 low carbon steel has been investigated by performing fatigue crack growth tests on compact tension specimens extracted from a WAAM built wall. The experimental results have been compared with the recommended trends in the BS7910 standard and with data available in the literature. Metallurgical investigations have been carried out to explore the microstructural effects on the fatigue behavior of the WAAM built components. The specimen location and orientation effects were comprehensively examined, and the results are discussed in terms of the influence of macroscopic and microscopic deformation on the overall response of the WAAM built components under fatigue loading conditions.
Non‐indigenous molluscs in the Eastern Mediterranean have distinct traits and cannot replace historic ecosystem functioning
Authors: Steger Jan , Bošnjak Marija , Belmaker Jonathan , Galil Bella S. , Zuschin Martin , Albano Paolo G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimA large body of ecological theory predicts that non‐indigenous species (NIS) are successful invaders if their niches overlap little with native taxa. Native–non‐indigenous trait dissimilarity, however, may also be observed if NIS have outcompeted ecologically similar native species. Discriminating these scenarios is essential for assessing invasion impacts but requires baseline assemblage data that are frequently unavailable. We overcome this impediment by analysing death assemblages – identifiable organism remains in the seafloor – which are natural community archives. Focusing on molluscs from the heavily invaded Eastern Mediterranean, we gain insights into the contentious role of competitive displacement by NIS as the primary driver of the massive regional declines of native populations, and their potential to alter ecosystem functioning.LocationIsrael/Eastern Mediterranean.Time periodPre‐Lessepsian invasion (pre‐1869) to contemporary.Major taxa studiedMollusca.MethodsWe sampled molluscan living and death assemblages from various substrates on the Israeli shelf and compiled trait information on all constituent species. We then compared the abundance‐weighted trait composition and functional diversity of native and non‐indigenous assemblage components. Death assemblage time‐coverage was quantified radiometrically.ResultsNative and non‐indigenous assemblage components consistently differed in trait composition, both in present‐day (i.e., living) and historical (i.e., death) assemblages, irrespective of habitat conditions. Furthermore, present‐day non‐indigenous assemblage components had a different trait composition than historical native assemblages. These findings suggest that the increasing NIS dominance has considerably altered the functional properties of shallow‐water molluscan assemblages.Main conclusionsBy utilizing death assemblages, we show that native and non‐indigenous assemblage components have differed in trait composition since the onset of the invasion, suggesting that competition was unlikely the primary driver of the regional‐scale native biodiversity loss. Our findings, however, also imply that NIS cannot functionally compensate for native species disappearance. Instead, the transition towards increasingly NIS‐dominated assemblages has profoundly altered ecosystem functioning, with unknown consequences.
Gender and ethnic equity in Aotearoa New Zealand's public service before and since Covid‐19: Toward intersectional inclusion?
Authors: Parker Jane , Sayers Janet , Young‐Hauser Amanda , Barnett Shirley , Loga Patricia , Paea Selu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSince its bi‐cultural foundation with Te Tiriti o Waitangi (the Treaty of Waitangi, signed in 1840 by Māori, the indigenous Polynesian people of Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ), chiefs and representatives of the British Crown), cultural identities have expanded through immigration. While Aotearoa NZ's government seeks to encourage workplace diversity in public service agencies, developments are being disrupted by Covid‐19. Using a typology of equality approaches, this study appraises the “ambition” of equity progress in Aotearoa NZ public service agencies based on content analysis of interviews with sector experts, agency staff and managers. In terms of equity discourses, workplace inequities emerge as more pronounced for Māori and Pasifika (the indigenous peoples of the Pacific), indicating that more “ambitious” equality initiatives, including those which aim for intersectional inclusion, are needed. The study thereby contributes a more nuanced understanding of equity approaches that could meaningfully inform workplace initiatives designed to recognize, value and empower gender diversity. Its relevance for Aotearoa NZ, which has one of the most diverse working‐age populations in the world, is likely to resonate in other countries where workforce diversity is yet to translate into equitable engagement in and experiences of work organizations by all.
Cribriform architecture outperforms Gleason pattern 4 percentage and tertiary Gleason pattern 5 in predicting the outcome of Grade Group 2 prostate cancer patients
Authors: Seyrek Neslisah , Hollemans Eva , Osanto Susanne , Pelger Rob C M , van der Poel Henk G , Bekers Elise , Bangma Chris H , Rietbergen John , Roobol Monique J , Schoots Ivo G , van Leenders Geert J L H 
Published: October 2021

AimsGleason pattern 4 (GP4) percentage, invasive cribriform and/or intraductal carcinoma (IC/IDC) and the presence of tertiary Gleason pattern 5 (TP5) in radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens all aid in the risk stratification of Grade Group (GG) 2 prostate cancer patients. However, it is unclear to what extent these pathological features are mutually related and what are their individual values if they are investigated simultaneously. The aims of this study were: (i) to determine the mutual relationships of the GP4 percentage, IC/IDC and TP5 in GG2 RP specimens; and (ii) to assess their prognostic value for biochemical recurrence‐free survival (BCRFS).Methods and resultsOf 1064 RP specimens, 472 (44.4%) showed GG2 prostate cancer. Patients with ≥25% GP4 more frequently had IC/IDC (67.0% versus 43.9%; P < 0.001) and TP5 (20.6% versus 5.8%; P < 0.001) than those with <25% GP4. In unadjusted analysis, an increased GP4 percentage [hazard ratio (HR) 1.3; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0–1.6; P = 0.04] and IC/IDC (log rank P < 0.001) were associated with shorter BCRFS, whereas TP5 (P = 0.12) and a dichotomised (<25%, ≥25%) GP4 percentage (P = 0.10) were not. In multivariable analysis, IC/IDC was an independent prognostic factor (HR 1.9; 95% CI 1.2–2.9; P = 0.005) for BCRFS, whereas a continuous or dichotomised GP4 percentage and TP5 were not independent prognostic factors.ConclusionIn conclusion, a higher GP4 percentage in RP specimens was associated with more frequent IC/IDC and TP5. IC/IDC was an independent predictor for BCRFS, whereas the GP4 percentage and TP5 were not. These findings underscore the importance of routinely including the presence of IC/IDC in RP pathology reports.
Examining the situational antecedents of interview faking behavior: A qualitative study
Authors: Ho Jordan L. , Perossa Andrew , Fancett Rhiannon S. , Powell Deborah M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOver a decade has passed since the development of Levashina and Campion's (2006) Model of Faking Likelihood in Employment Interviews. Although researchers have accumulated considerable knowledge about interview faking, this literature may benefit from a deeper understanding of certain areas such as the situational antecedents of this behavior. As such, we conducted nine focus groups with Canadian participants to explore this research question. An inductive thematic analysis of these focus group data yielded three organizing themes for the situational antecedents of interview faking behavior: Conditions of Need Within Specific Interviews, Scope for Elusion, and Induced External Pressures. Overall, these findings provide novel insights that will help researchers and practitioners to better understand and predict interview faking.
Neutrophil and remnant clearance in immunity and inflammation
Authors: Singhal Apurwa , Kumar Sachin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNeutrophil‐centred inflammation and flawed clearance of neutrophils cause and exuberate multiple pathological conditions. These most abundant leukocytes exhibit very high daily turnover in steady‐state and stress conditions. Various armours including oxidative burst, NETs and proteases function against pathogens, but also dispose neutrophils to spawn pro‐inflammatory responses. Neutrophils undergo death through different pathways upon ageing, infection, executing the intruder's elimination. These include non‐lytic apoptosis and other lytic deaths including NETosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis with distinct disintegration of the cellular membrane. This causes release and presence of different intracellular cytotoxic, and tissue‐damaging content as cell remnants in the extracellular environment. The apoptotic cells and apoptotic bodies get cleared with non‐inflammatory outcomes, while lytic deaths associated remnants including histones and cell‐free DNA cause pro‐inflammatory responses. Indeed, the enhanced frequencies of neutrophil‐associated proteases, cell‐free DNA and autoantibodies in diverse pathologies including sepsis, asthma, lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, imply disturbed neutrophil resolution programmes in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Thus, the clearance mechanisms of neutrophils and associated remnants are vital for therapeutics. Though studies focused on clearance mechanisms of senescent or apoptotic neutrophils so far generated a good understanding of the same, clearance of neutrophils undergoing distinct lytic deaths, including NETs, are being the subjects of intense investigations. Here, in this review, we are providing the current updates in the clearance mechanisms of apoptotic neutrophils and focusing on not so well‐defined recognition, uptake and degradation of neutrophils undergoing lytic death and associated remnants that may provide new therapeutic approaches in inflammation and autoimmunity.
Egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) targeting SARS-CoV-2 S1 as potential virus entry blocker
Authors: Bao Lirong , Zhang Cheng , Lyu Jinglu , Yi Ping , Shen Xin , Tang Boyu , Zhao Hang , Ren Biao , Kuang Yu , Zhou Linlin , Li Yan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsCOVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has become a public health crisis worldwide. In this study, we aimed at demonstrating the neutralizing potential of the IgY produced after immunizing chicken with a recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 subunit.Methods and ResultsE. coli BL21 carrying plasmid pET28a-S1 was induced with IPTG for the expression of SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein. The recombinant His-tagged S1 was purified and verified by SDS-PAGE, Western blot and biolayer interferometry (BLI) assay. Then S1 protein emulsified with Freund's adjuvant was used to immunize layer chickens. Specific IgY against S1 (S1-IgY) produced from egg yolks of these chickens exhibited a high titer (1:25,600) and a strong binding affinity to S1 (KD = 318 nmol L−1). The neutralizing ability of S1-IgY was quantified by a SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped virus-based neutralization assay with an IC50 value of 0.99 mg ml−1. In addition, S1-IgY exhibited a strong ability in blocking the binding of SARS-CoV-2 S1 to hACE2, and it could partially compete with hACE2 for the binding sites on S1 by BLI assays.ConclusionsWe demonstrated here that after immunization of chickens with our recombinant S1 protein, IgY neutralizing antibodies were generated against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 subunit; therefore, showing the potential use of IgY to block the entry of this virus.Significance and Impact of the StudyIgY targeting S1 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 could be a promising candidate for pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis or treatment of COVID-19. Administration of IgY-based oral preparation, oral or nasal spray may have profound implications for blocking SARS-CoV-2.
Actionable processes of care important to patients and family who experienced a prolonged intensive care unit stay: Qualitative interview study
Authors: Rose Louise , Allum Laura J. , Istanboulian Laura , Dale Craig 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimTo use positive deviance to identify actionable processes of care that may improve outcomes and experience from the perspectives of prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay survivors and family members.DesignProspective qualitative interview study in two geographically distant settings: Canada (2018/19) and the United Kingdom (2019/20).MethodsPatient and family participant inclusion criteria comprised: aged over 18 years, ICU stay in last 2 years of over 7 days, able to recall ICU stay and provided informed consent. We conducted semi‐structured in‐person or telephone interviews. Data were analysed using a positive deviance approach.ResultsWe recruited 29 participants (15 Canadian; 14 UK). Of these, 11 were survivors of prolonged ICU stay and 18 family members. We identified 22 actionable processes (16 common to Canadian and UK participants, 4 Canadian only and 2 UK only). We grouped processes under three themes: physical and functional recovery (nine processes), patient psychological well‐being (seven processes) and family relations (six processes). Most commonly identified physical/functional processes were regular physiotherapy, and fundamental hygiene and elimination care. For patient psychological well‐being: normalizing the environment and routines, and alleviating boredom and loneliness. For family relations: proactive communication, flexible family visiting and presence with facilities for family. Our positive deviance analysis approach revealed that incorporation of these actionable processes into clinical practice was the exception as opposed to the norm perceived driven by individual acts of kindness and empathy as opposed to standardized processes.ConclusionActionable processes of care important to prolonged ICU stay survivors and family members differ from those frequently used in ICU quality improvement (QI) tools.ImpactOur study emphasizes the need to develop QI tools that standardize delivery of actionable processes important to patients and families experiencing a prolonged ICU stay. As the largest healthcare professional group, nurses can play an essential role in leading this.
Diet quality among people with intellectual disabilities and borderline intellectual functioning
Authors: Gast David A. A. , de Wit Gabriela L. C. , van Hoof Amber , de Vries Jeanne H. M. , van Hemert Bert , Didden Robert , Giltay Erik J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe sought to assess diet quality among people with intellectual disabilities or borderline intellectual functioning, living in residential facilities or receiving day care.MethodsWe measured diet quality using the Dutch Healthy Diet Food Frequency Questionnaire (DHD) and compared this between participants with (n = 151) and controls without intellectual disabilities (n = 169). Potential correlates of diet quality were explored.ResultsWe found lower mean diet quality among people with intellectual disabilities (M = 80.9) compared to controls (M = 111.2; mean adjusted difference −28.4; 95% CI [−32.3, −24.5]; p < .001). Participants with borderline intellectual functioning and mild intellectual disabilities had lower diet quality and higher body mass index than individuals with severe to profound intellectual disabilities. Being female was a predictor of better diet quality.ConclusionsOverall, we found that diet quality was low in the sample of people with intellectual disabilities or borderline intellectual functioning.
Pleistocene climate oscillations and habitat connectivity contributed to avian beta‐diversity in the megadiverse Colombian Paramo ecosystems
Authors: Calpa‐Anaguano Edna V. , Graham Catherine H. , da Silva Fernando R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimThe role of evolutionary history in shaping the patterns of species distributions is generally explored at coarse spatial extents. However, at small spatial extents, the combined effects of history and ecological processes on local diversity has received less attention. We test the relative importance of historical and ecological factors on the spatial distribution of bird taxonomic (TβD) and phylogenetic (PβD) β‐diversity on Paramo ecosystems.LocationSouth‐western Colombia.TaxonAndean bird species.MethodsUsing point occurrence data for 175 bird species recorded in 11 Paramos, we calculated TβD and PβD. We used a lineage through time plot to evaluate the association between bird species richness and the time of Andean uplift and Quaternary climatic oscillations. To capture range dynamics associated with past climate oscillations, we delimited paramos using connectivity matrices based on four distance criteria (i.e. paramos connected at 20, 25, 35 and 55 km apart) to compute Moran's eigenvectors maps. Then, we evaluated the relative importance of altitude, past climatic oscillations, current climate and connectivity on the spatial distribution of avian TβD and PβD.ResultsTwo‐thirds of the bird species in the paramos are recent and emerged after the late Miocene/early Pliocene. The average TβD was four times higher than the average PβD indicating that paramo assemblages harbour distinct, but closely related, species. We found that distribution of β‐diversity had a spatial structure resulting in two groups of paramos – one in the north of our study area containing four paramos and other in the south with seven paramos. This spatial structure together with past climate conditions explained the variation of both TβD and PβD.Main conclusionsOur results are consistent with the hypothesis that patterns of β‐diversity reflect the complex history of Andean region including mountain uplift and climatic oscillations in the Pleistocene. We demonstrated that the integration of different facets of β‐diversity into a community ecology framework provides new insights about the historical and ecological factors responsible for generating the patterns of species distribution.
MicroRNA‐150 and its target ETS‐domain transcription factor 1 contribute to inflammation in diabetic photoreceptors
Authors: Yu Fei , Ko Michael L. , Ko Gladys Y.‐P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObesity‐associated type 2 diabetes (T2D) is on the rise in the United States due to the obesity epidemic, and 60% of T2D patients develop diabetic retinopathy (DR) in their lifetime. Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of obesity and T2D and a well‐accepted major contributor to DR, and retinal photoreceptors are a major source of intraocular inflammation and directly contribute to vascular abnormalities in diabetes. However, how diabetic insults cause photoreceptor inflammation is not well known. In this study, we used a high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced T2D mouse model and cultured photoreceptors treated with palmitic acid (PA) to decipher major players that mediate high‐fat‐induced photoreceptor inflammation. We found that PA‐elicited microRNA‐150 (miR‐150) decreases with a consistent upregulation of ETS‐domain transcription factor 1 (Elk1), a downstream target of miR‐150, in PA‐elicited photoreceptor inflammation. We compared wild‐type (WT) and miR‐150 null (miR‐150−/−) mice fed with an HFD and found that deletion of miR‐150 exacerbated HFD‐induced photoreceptor inflammation in conjunction with upregulated ELK1. We further delineated the critical cellular localization of phosphorylated ELK1 at serine 383 (pELK1S383) and found that decreased miR‐150 exacerbated the T2D‐induced inflammation in photoreceptors by upregulating ELK1 and pELK1S383, and knockdown of ELK1 alleviated PA‐elicited photoreceptor inflammation.
Increased expression of Filaggrin and Claudin‐1 in the ocular surface of patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Callou T.M.P. , Orfali R.L. , Sotto M.N. , Pereira N.V. , Zaniboni M.C. , Aoki V. , Brito M.P. , Matsuda M. , Santo R.M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is an itchy, chronic and inflammatory skin condition, with dysfunctional immune response and skin barrier defects. Reduction of filaggrin (FLG) and tight junctions (TJ) proteins, such as claudin‐1 (CLDN‐1), expression in cutaneous epithelial barrier is remarkable in AD pathogenesis. Ocular involvement occurs in approximately 40% of AD patients leading to changes in the structure of the conjunctiva.ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the expression of FLG and CLDN‐1 in the ocular surface of adults with AD, analysing bulbar conjunctival cells collected by a novel non‐invasive cellular imprint.MethodsBulbar conjunctival epithelial cells were collected by cellular imprint technique, and FLG and CLDN‐1 expression were assessed by immunofluorescence (IF) and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR).ResultsWe detected increased expression of FLG and CLDN‐1, as well as their transcript levels in AD patients compared with healthy controls (HC). There was a positive correlation between tear film break‐up time (TBUT) and FLG expression. Fluorescein staining was inversely associated with FLG expression.ConclusionsOur results may reflect a reactive response of the ocular surface to AD‐related ocular inflammation and associated dry eye disease. Further investigations focusing on the role of FLG and TJ expression in the ocular surface of AD patients may increment the understanding of the pathophysiology of extracutaneous AD and developing future targeted therapies.