bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Properties of slag geopolymer concrete modified with fly ash and silica fume
Authors: Elyamany Hafez E. , Abd Elmoaty Abd Elmoaty M. , Diab Abdul Rahman A. 
Published: March 2021

This research focused on the role of fly ash and silica fume on slag geopolymer concrete through investigating workability (slump, and slump loss), initial setting time, final setting time, and mechanical properties of slag geopolymer concrete (S-GPC) (compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, modulus of elasticity) in addition to scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray analysis. The considered variables included fly ash content as a replacement of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GS) (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%), presence of silica fume as a replacement for slag, concentration of sodium hydroxide, NaOH, (molarity: 10, 16, and 18 mol/L), additional water content (7.5%, 11%, 14%, and 20%), and curing type (thermal, air, and water curing). S-GPC yielded rapid stiffening and high slump loss with high mechanical properties. The use of silica fume or fly ash or a mix of both enhanced workability, decreased rate of slump loss, and delayed setting time. The ACI 318 equation overestimates splitting tensile strength of FS-GPC.
Predicting dipole orientations in spontelectric methyl formate
Authors: Kexel Christian , Solov’yov Andrey V. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Capturing intermolecular interactions accurately is essential for describing, e.g., morphology of molecular matter on the nanoscale. When it reveals characteristics which are not directly accessible through experiments or ab initio theories, a model here becomes eminently beneficial. In laboratory astrochemistry, the intense study of ices has led i.a. to the exploration of the spontelectric state of nanofilms. Despite its success in biophysics or biochemistry and despite its predictive power, molecular modeling has however not yet been widely deployed for solid-state astrochemistry. In this article, therefore a pertinent hitherto unaddressed problem is tackled by means of the classical molecular-dynamics method, namely the unknown distribution of relative dipole orientations in spontelectric cis-methyl formate (MF). In doing so, from ab initio data, a molecular model is derived which confirms for the first time the anomalous temperature-dependent polarization of MF. These insights thus represent a further step toward understanding spontelectric behavior. Moreover, unprecedented first-principles predictions are reported regarding the ground-state geometry of the MF trimer and tetramer. In conjunction with the study of the binding to carbonaceous substrates, these additional findings can help to exemplarily elucidate molecular ice formation in astrochemical settings.

Graphic Abstract
Interannual Variability of Tropical Atlantic-to-Pacific Moisture Transport Linked to ENSO, Atlantic Niño, and Freshwater Budget in the Northwestern Tropical Atlantic
Authors: Yang Jun-Chao , Zhang Yu , Richter Ingo , Lin Xiaopei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMoisture transport from the Atlantic to Pacific is important for basin-scale freshwater budget and the formation of meridional ocean circulation. Although the climatological tropical Atlantic-to-Pacific moisture transport (TAPMORT) has been well investigated, few studies have focused on its variability. Here we investigate the interannual variability of TAPMORT based on the atmospheric reanalysis data sets. The TAPMORT interannual variability is dominated by the variations of trans-basin winds across Central America, and peaks in late boreal summer and late boreal winter. 1) In late summer, a developing El Niño and a mature Atlantic Niña set up an interbasin sea-surface temperature (SST) gradient that strengthens the low-level jet across Central America and therefore TAPMORT (with weakened TAPMORT for opposite signed events). This process typically occurs from July to September, with a peak in August. 2) In late winter, the strengthened southern North American center of the Pacific-North American-like pattern intensifies the TAPMORT variations. Although atmospheric interannual variability dominates these variations, extreme El Niño events are also important for the teleconnections. This process shows a single peak in February, in contrast to the persistent peak in late summer. We further demonstrate that the persistent TAPMORT variability in late summer dominates the moisture divergence over the northwestern tropical Atlantic and modulates freshwater flux there. Thus, our study improves the understanding of how TAPMORT interannual variability and the related interbasin SST gradient regulate the northwestern tropical Atlantic freshwater budget and the related salinity variability.
Pediatric Benign Tumors With a Skeletal Muscle Component: Myogenin Expression, Diagnostic Pitfalls, and New Molecular Insights
Authors: Berklite Lara , Ozolek John , Wang Larry , Santoro Luisa , Donofrio Vittoria , Stracuzzi Alessandra , John Ivy , Alaggio Rita 
Published: March 2021

Objectives Benign tumors with skeletal muscle differentiation are rare and their characterization in the literature is limited. We present a series of twelve pediatric benign tumors with rhabdomyomatous differentiation including seven rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartomas, four fetal rhabdomyomas, and one benign triton tumor, analyzing myogenic markers as well as clinicopathologic and molecular features. A review of the literature was also performed with an emphasis on myogenic marker expression and correlation with molecular features. Methods and Results Cases obtained from three tertiary pediatric hospitals were retrospectively reviewed. Eleven of twelve cases expressed myogenin in rare to greater than 15% of cells. Five of nine cases had rare to 70–80% of cells positive for MyoD1. One fetal rhabdomyoma demonstrated homozygous deletions in ZEB2. The benign triton tumor harbored a CTNNB1 mutation. Review of the literature identified 160 pediatric benign tumors with skeletal muscle differentiation of which 9 reported myogenin positivity. Conclusions Myogenin and MyoD1 may be variably expressed in benign lesions with skeletal muscle differentiation. Recognition of key morphologic features remains critical to diagnose these lesions and, in rhabdomyoma, to exclude malignancy. Our series expands the knowledge of the relationship between rhabdomyoma and rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) by identifying a shared molecular alteration in ZEB2.
Normal range of clivoaxial angle in adults using flexion and extension cervical magnetic resonance imaging scans
Authors: Sayah Anousheh , Farley April D , Munoz Eric C , Sandhu Faheem A , Berkowitz Frank 
Published: March 2021

Objective An abnormally decreased clivoaxial angle (CXA) is used during the clinical evaluation for corrective skull base surgery. Published normal ranges of CXA using x-ray, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) vary dramatically, especially with neck flexion or extension. The aim of this study was to use high-resolution MRI to determine the normal range of CXA in various neck positions using a reproducible measurement technique. Methods The CXA was measured in 10 healthy volunteers on sagittal T2 SPACE c-spine MRI in supine and prone positions and with the neck both neck and extended. CXA is strictly defined as the angle between a line along the inferior third of the dorsal clival cortex and a line from the superior/posterior cortex of the dens to the posterior/inferior corner of the C2 body. Statistical analysis was performed in all positions and included mean CXA, range, standard deviation ( SD), inter-reader agreement, and group comparisons. Results The mean CXA overall was 156.92° ( SD=4.23°; range 134–179°). The mean value for extension CXA was 169.20° ( SD=5.81°), and the mean value for flexion CXA was 144.73° ( SD=5.71°), the difference being statistically significant ( p<0.0001) regardless of supine or prone position. Concordant correlations of reader measurements showed substantial agreement in the supine position at 0.96, with lower agreement in the prone position at 0.87. Conclusions We report normal ranges for CXA in various neck positions based on 3D T2-weighted MRI, using a reproducible measurement method. There was a significant difference in the CXA values between neck extended and neck flexed positions but not between supine and prone positions.
The association between experiencing homelessness in childhood or youth and adult housing stability in Housing First
Authors: Parpouchi Milad , Moniruzzaman Akm , Somers Julian M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Researchers have pointed out the paucity of research investigating long-term consequences of experiencing homelessness in childhood or youth. Limited research has indicated that the experience of homelessness in childhood or youth is associated with adverse adjustment-related consequences in adulthood. Housing First (HF) has acknowledged effectiveness in improving housing outcomes among adults experiencing homelessness and living with serious mental illness, although some HF clients struggle with maintaining housing. The current study was conducted to examine whether the experience of homelessness in childhood or youth increases the odds of poorer housing stability following entry into high-fidelity HF among adults experiencing serious mental illness and who were formerly homeless.

Methods
Data were drawn from the active intervention arms of a HF randomized controlled trial in Metro Vancouver, Canada. Participants (n = 297) were referred to the study from service agencies serving adults experiencing homelessness and mental illness between October 2009 and June 2011. The Residential Time-Line Follow-Back Inventory was used to measure housing stability. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator was used to estimate the association between first experiencing homelessness in childhood or youth and later housing stability as an adult in HF.

Results
Analyses indicated that homelessness in childhood or youth was negatively associated with experiencing housing stability as an adult in HF (aOR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.31–0.90).

Conclusions
Further supports are needed within HF to increase housing stability among adult clients who have experienced homelessness in childhood or youth. Asking clients about the age they first experienced homelessness may be of clinical utility upon enrollment in HF and may help identify support needs related to developmental experiences. Results further emphasize the importance of intervening earlier in life in childhood and youth before experiencing homelessness or before it becomes chronic. Findings also contribute to a limited knowledge base regarding the adverse long-term consequences of childhood and youth homelessness.

Trial registration
Current Controlled Trials: ISRCTN57595077 and ISRCTN66721740. Registered on October 9, 2012.
Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of eutopic endometrium and ectopic lesions of adenomyosis
Authors: Liu Zhiyong , Sun Zhonghua , Liu Hongyun , Niu Weipin , Wang Xin , Liang Na , Wang Xin , Wang Yanfei , Shi Yaxin , Xu Li , Shi Wei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Adenomyosis (AM) is a common benign chronic gynaecological disorder; however, the precise pathogenesis of adenomyosis is still poorly understood. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) can uncover rare subpopulations, explore genetic and functional heterogeneity, and reveal the uniqueness of each cell. It provides us a new approach to reveal biological issues from a more detailed and microscopic perspective. Here, we utilize this revolutionary technology to identify the changes of gene expression patterns between ectopic lesions and the eutopic endometrium at the single-cell level and explore a potential novel pathogenesis of AM.

Methods
A control endometrium (sample with leiomyoma excluding endometrial disorders, n = 1), eutopic endometrium and ectopic lesion (from a patient with adenomyosis, n = 1) samples were analysed by scRNA-seq, and additional leiomyoma (n = 3) and adenomyosis (n = 3) samples were used to confirm colocalization and vasculogenic mimicry (VM) formation. Protein colocalization was visualized by immunofluorescence, and CD34-periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) double staining was used to assess the formation of VM.

Results
The scRNA-seq results suggest that cancer-, cell motility- and inflammation- (CMI) associated terms, cell proliferation and angiogenesis play important roles in the progression of AM. Moreover, the colocalization of EPCAM and PECAM1 increased significantly in the ectopic endometrium group (P < 0.05), cell subpopulation with high copy number variation (CNV) levels possessing tumour-like features existed in the ectopic lesion sample, and VNN1- and EPCAM-positive cell subcluster displayed active cell motility in endometrial epithelial cells. Furthermore, during the transformation of epithelial cells to endothelial cells, we observed the significant accumulation of VM formation (positively stained with PAS but not CD34, P < 0.05) in ectopic lesions.

Conclusions
In the present study, our results support the theory of adenomyosis derived from the invasion and migration of the endometrium. Moreover, cell subcluster with high CNV level and tumour-associated characteristics is identified. Furthermore, epithelial-endothelial transition (EET) and the formation of VM in tumours, the latter of which facilitates the blood supply and plays an important role in maintaining cell growth, were also confirmed to occur in AM. These results indicated that the inhibition of EET and VM formation may be a potential strategy for AM management.
Reduced erythrocytic CHCHD2 mRNA is associated with brain pathology of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Liu Xiaodan , Wang Qilong , Yang Ying , Stewart Tessandra , Shi Min , Soltys David , Liu Genliang , Thorland Eric , Cilento Eugene M. , Hou Yiran , Liu Zongran , Feng Tao , Zhang Jing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPeripheral biomarkers indicative of brain pathology are critically needed for early detection of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In this study, using NanoString and digital PCR technologies, we began by screening for alterations in genes associated with PD or atypical Parkinsonism in erythrocytes of PD patients, in which PD-related changes have been reported, and which contain ~ 99% of blood α-synuclein. Erythrocytic CHCHD2 mRNA was significantly reduced even at the early stages of the disease. A significant reduction in protein and/or mRNA expression of CHCHD2 was confirmed in PD brains collected at autopsy as well as in the brains of a PD animal model overexpressing α-synuclein, in addition to seeing a reduction of CHCHD2 in erythrocytes of the same animals. Overexpression of α-synuclein in cellular models of PD also resulted in reduced CHCHD2, via mechanisms likely involving altered subcellular localization of p300 histone acetyltransferase. Finally, the utility of reduced CHCHD2 mRNA as a biomarker for detecting PD, including early-stage PD, was validated in a larger cohort of 205 PD patients and 135 normal controls, with a receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrating > 80% sensitivity and specificity.
Prevalence of mycoplasma-like lung lesions in pigs from commercial farms from Spain and Portugal
Authors: Pallarés FJ , Añón JA , Rodríguez-Gómez IM , Gómez-Laguna J , Fabré R , Sánchez-Carvajal JM , Ruedas-Torres I , Carrasco L 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundMycoplasma hyopneumoniaecauses a chronic respiratory disease that produces important economic losses due to poor productive performance, increased mortality and costs for several control strategies. The prevalence of mycoplasma-like lesions (MLL) at abattoir has been widely studied in different countries, making use of different scoring systems. However, most of them are difficult to apply in abattoirs with high number of pigs sacrificed per hour. For that reason, it is necessary to adapt the scoring system to the reality of the modern abattoir, even if there is a loss of accuracy. Our purpose was to investigate the prevalence and severity of MLL at abattoirs in Spain and Portugal using a 0 to 5 scoring system adapted to abattoirs with high number of sacrificed pigs per hour and to highlight the histopathological diagnosis as confirmatory method to identify patterns of pneumonia correlated to gross lesions.ResultsCranioventral pulmonary consolidation, a typical MLL, was the most frequent lung lesion (30.97 %) detected at the abattoir, followed by dorsocaudal infarcts with pleurisy (12.51 %) and pleurisy alone (6.26 %). The average score for all examined lungs at abattoir was 1.99 out of 5 points. The histopathological study revealed that the 78.17 % of the randomly selected lungs with MLL presented microscopic lesions compatible withM. hyopneumoniaeinfection. Most bronchointerstitial and interstitial pneumonia lesions had a chronic course while most suppurative and fibrinous bronchopneumonia lesions had an acute course and a higher degree of severity. The combination of microscopic lesions more frequently observed was bronchointerstitial pneumonia + interstitial pneumonia + suppurative bronchopneumonia.ConclusionsThe prevalence of MLL at abattoir was 30.97 %, however, after microscopic examination the real prevalence of lungs with lesions compatible withM. hyopneumoniaeinfection was reduced up to 24.21 %. The six more prevalent combinations of lesions in the microscopic study involved the 66.13 % of examined lungs, and in all of them, microscopic lesions characteristic ofM. hyopneumoniaeinfection were found, what supports the importance ofM. hyopneumoniaeas a primary pathogen in cases of PRDC.
Diabetes after pregnancy: a study protocol for the derivation and validation of a risk prediction model for 5-year risk of diabetes following pregnancy
Authors: Read Stephanie H. , Rosella Laura C. , Berger Howard , Feig Denice S. , Fleming Karen , Kaul Padma , Ray Joel G. , Shah Baiju R. , Lipscombe Lorraine L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundPregnancy offers a unique opportunity to identify women at higher future risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). In pregnancy, a woman has greater engagement with the healthcare system, and certain conditions are more apt to manifest, such as gestational DM (GDM) that are important markers for future DM risk. This study protocol describes the development and validation of a risk prediction model (RPM) for estimating a woman’s 5-year risk of developing type 2 DM after pregnancy.MethodsData will be obtained from existing Ontario population-based administrative datasets. The derivation cohort will consist of all women who gave birth in Ontario, Canada between April 2006 and March 2014. Pre-specified predictors will include socio-demographic factors (age at delivery, ethnicity), maternal clinical factors (e.g., body mass index), pregnancy-related events (gestational DM, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy), and newborn factors (birthweight percentile). Incident type 2 DM will be identified by linkage to the Ontario Diabetes Database. Weibull accelerated failure time models will be developed to predict 5-year risk of type 2 DM. Measures of predictive accuracy (Nagelkerke’sR2), discrimination (C-statistics), and calibration plots will be generated. Internal validation will be conducted using a bootstrapping approach in 500 samples with replacement, and an optimism-corrected C-statistic will be calculated. External validation of the RPM will be conducted by applying the model in a large population-based pregnancy cohort in Alberta, and estimating the above measures of model performance. The model will be re-calibrated by adjusting baseline hazards and coefficients where appropriate.DiscussionThe derived RPM may help identify women at high risk of developing DM in a 5-year period after pregnancy, thus facilitate lifestyle changes for women at higher risk, as well as more frequent screening for type 2 DM after pregnancy.
First record of Phasmarhabditis sp. from eggs of Eobania vermiculata (Müller) snails in Egypt and their response to host size
Authors: Azzam Karima Mahmoud , El-Abd Nema 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Gastropods are very prevalent animals. In Egypt, terrestrial snails represent important economic pests, infesting and causing severe damages to ornamental plants, orchard trees, vegetables, and field crops. The overuse of molluscicides against these destructive pests leads to more environmental pollution. Therefore, searching for biological control agents became necessary to avoid the hazard of chemical molluscicides. Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita, isolated from slugs was used as a bio-control agent against snails and slugs. Few investigations available on gastropod egg parasites. Therefore, the present study interested in the isolation of parasitic nematodes from the snail eggs to study their possible role as biological control agents for gastropod pests.

Results
This is the first record to isolate the snail parasitic nematode, Phasmarhabditis sp., from eggs of the Egyptian terrestrial snail, Eobania vermiculata (Müller). Infectivity of this nematode was investigated for eggs, juvenile and mature snails, E. vermiculata and Limax flavus L. slugs, and also eggs of the non-local species, Achatina fulica Bowdich and one adult of it was only available. The investigation revealed a capability of the isolated nematode to infect and kill E. vermiculata snail, L. flavus slugs, and their eggs. Also, it could infect and kill the eggs of non-local snail species, A. fulica, and its only individual adult available which was obtained from an agricultural quarantine sample. The results indicated also that released individuals of the nematodes, recovered from snails, were significantly larger in size than those recovered from eggs and vice versa.

Conclusion
It could be concluded that the isolated parasitic nematode may be able to play a role in controlling different stages of the gastropods including eggs. This make the control more effective in protecting host plants before the pest causing damage. The nematode was more effective on local pest species than non-local species. Moreover, the size of the parasite was proportional with the size of the host pest.