bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of Pharmacoresistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: New Drugs but Old Problems
Authors: Marin Jose J.G. , Romero Marta R. , Herraez Elisa , Asensio Maitane , Ortiz-Rivero Sara , Sanchez-Martin Anabel , Fabris Luca , Briz Oscar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignancy with poor prognosis when diagnosed at advanced stages in which curative treatments are no longer applicable. A small group of these patients may still benefit from transarterial chemoembolization. The only therapeutic option for most patients with advanced HCC is systemic pharmacological treatments based on tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immunotherapy. Available drugs only slightly increase survival, as tumor cells possess additive and synergistic mechanisms of pharmacoresistance (MPRs) prior to or enhanced during treatment. Understanding the molecular basis of MPRs is crucial to elucidate the genetic signature underlying HCC resistome. This will permit the selection of biomarkers to predict drug treatment response and identify tumor weaknesses in a personalized and dynamic way. In this article, we have reviewed the role of MPRs in current first-line drugs and the combinations of immunotherapeutic agents with novel TKIs being tested in the treatment of advanced HCC.
Evaluation of Salivary Interleukin-12, Interleukin-23 Levels in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus and Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Nosratzehi Tahereh , Alijani Ebrahim , Hassanpoor Neda 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objectives The present study aimed to evaluate interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-23 in the saliva of patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
Materials and Methods Thirty cases with clinical and histopathological OLP (bilateral lesions, papular and reticular lesions, and Wickham lines) (Group A), 30 with oral SCCs (OSCCs) (Group B), and 30 with no history of oral cancer, other lesions, or lichen planus (Group C) were enrolled at the Department of Oral Medicine School of Dentistry, Zahedan, Iran. The whole unstimulated saliva was collected and the salivary concentration of IL-12 and IL-23 was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the laboratory.
Statistical Analysis Data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney tests, and Pearson's correlation coefficients.
Results In the present study, salivary IL-12 and IL-23 levels were higher in OSCC patients than in OLP and healthy individuals.
Conclusions The results show that although IL-23 and IL-12 cytokines have an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic immunity and inflammatory diseases, further studies are required to assess matrix metalloproteinase links with tumor invasion.
The Effect of Betamethasone Dosing Interval on Perinatal Outcomes: 12 Hours or 24 Hours Apart
Authors: Bulut Ayca Nazli , Ceyhan Venhar , Cundubey Cevat Rifat , Aydin Emine 
Published: September 2021

Objective Antenatal steroids are commonly used to stimulate fetal lung maturation, particularly in pregnancies at risk of early preterm labor. This study aimed to compare the effects of administering betamethasone at a 12- versus 24-hour interval on perinatal outcomes.
Study Design This retrospective study included 423 early preterm births from 26+0/7 to 33+6/7 weeks of gestation. Patients received betamethasone at either a 12- or 24-hour dosing interval.
Results When all patients in each group were evaluated together, there was no statistically significant difference between both groups for complications of prematurity, including respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). When the two groups were divided by gestational age (GA), the 32+0/7 to 33+6/7-week group that received betamethasone at a 24-hour interval had statistically lower 1- and 5-minute APGAR scores (p = 0.06 and p = 0.02, respectively). They also had a greater need for neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), NICU length of stay, RDS, and need for surfactant (p = 0.20, p = 0.09, p = 0.27, and p = 0.23, respectively) than did the infants at 32+0/7 to 33+6/7 weeks, who received betamethasone at a 12-hour interval. In the group with GA between 28+0/7 and 29+6/7 weeks, the 1-minute APGAR score was lower (p = 0.22), and the durations of hospital stay, and mechanical ventilation were longer (p = 0.048, p = 0.21, respectively) in the 24-hour interval group. No statistically significant difference was observed for all parameters in other GA groups.
Conclusion A 12-hour dosing interval for betamethasone appears to be more appropriate, as it results in a reduction in some neonatal complications and provides a short dose interval.
Key Points
The curious case of DMSO: A CCSD(T)/CBS(aQ56+
d) benchmark and DFT study
Authors: Olive Laura N. , Dornshuld Eric Van , Webster Charles Edwin 
Published: September 2021

This work addresses the pathological behavior of the energetics of dimethyl sulfoxide and related sulfur-containing compounds by providing the computational benchmark energetics of R2E2 species, where R = H/CH3 and E = O/S, with bent and pyramidal geometries using state-of-the-art methodologies. These 22 geometries were fully characterized with coupled-cluster with single, double, and perturbative triple excitations [CCSD(T)], second-order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory (MP2), and 22 density functional theory (DFT) methods with 8, 12, and 12, respectively, correlation consistent basis sets of double-, triple-, or quadruple-ζ quality. The relative energetics were determined at the MP2 and CCSD(T) complete basis set (CBS) limits using 17 basis sets up to sextuple-ζ and include augmented, tight-d, and core–valence correlation consistent basis sets. The relative energies of oxygen-/sulfur-containing compounds exhibit exceptionally slow convergence to the CBS limit with canonical methods as well as significant basis set dependence. CCSD(T) with quadruple-ζ basis sets can give qualitatively incorrect relative energies. Explicitly correlated MP2-F12 and CCSD(T)-F12 methods dramatically accelerate the convergence of the relative energies to the CBS limit for these problematic compounds. The F12 methods with a triple-ζ quality basis set give relative energies that deviate no more than 0.41 kcal mol−1 from the benchmark CBS limit. The correlation consistent Composite Approach (ccCA), ccCA-TM (TM for transition metals), and G3B3 deviated by no more than 2 kcal mol−1 from the benchmark CBS limits. Relative energies for oxygen-/sulfur-containing systems fully characterized with DFT are quite unreliable even with triple-ζ quality basis sets, and 13 out of 45 combinations fortuitously give a relative energy that is within 1 kcal mol−1 on average from the benchmark CCSD(T) CBS limit for these systems.
Experimental validation of the fundamental mode approximation for stacked metasurfaces and its application to the treatment of arbitrary period ratios
Authors: Sperrhake Jan , Falkner Matthias , Steinert Michael , Fasold Stefan , Pertsch Thomas 
Published: September 2021

We experimentally realize a series of incommensurable metasurface stacks that transition from near-field coupling to a far-field regime. Based on a comparison between a semi-analytic model and measurements, we, furthermore, present an experimental study on the validity of the fundamental mode approximation (FMA). As the FMA is a condition for the homogeneity of a metasurface, its validity allows for strong simplification in the design of stacked metasurfaces. Based on this, we demonstrate a method for the semi-analytic design of stacked periodic metasurfaces with arbitrary period ratios. In particular, incommensurable ratios require computational domains of impractically large sizes and are usually very challenging to fabricate. This results in a noticeable gap in parameter space when optimizing metasurface stacks for specific optical features. Here, we aim to close that gap by utilizing the principles of the FMA, allowing for additional parameter combinations in metasurface design.
Relative energetics of CH3CH2O, CH3CHOH, and CH2CH2OH radical products from ethanol dehydrogenation
Authors: Williams Ashley E. , Hammer Nathan I. , Tschumper Gregory S. 
Published: September 2021

This study has examined the relative energetics of nine stationary points associated with the three different radical isomers generated by removing a H atom from ethanol at the O atom (ethoxy, CH3CH2O), the α C atom (CH3CHOH), and the β C atom (CH2CH2OH). For the first time, CCSD(T) geometry optimizations and harmonic vibrational frequency computations with the cc-pVTZ and aug-cc-pVTZ basis sets have been carried out to characterize two unique minima for each isomer along with three transition state structures with Cs symmetry. Explicitly correlated CCSD(T) computations were also performed to estimate the relative energetics of these nine stationary points near the complete basis set limit. These benchmark results were used to assess the performance of various density functional theory (DFT) and wave function theory methods, and they will help guide method selection for future studies of alcohols and their radicals. The structures generated by abstracting H from the α C atom have significantly lower electronic energies (by at least 7 kcal mol−1) than the CH3CH2O and CH2CH2OH radicals. Although previously reported as a minimum on the ground-state surface, the 2A″ Cs structure of the ethoxy radical was found to be a transition state in this study with MP2, CCSD(T), and a number of DFT methods. An implicit solvation model used in conjunction with DFT and MP2 methods did not qualitatively change the relative energies of the isomers, but the results suggest that the local minima for the CH3CHOH and CH2CH2OH radicals could become more energetically competitive in condensed phase environments, such as liquid water and ethanol.
Electronic structure of NdO via slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging spectroscopy of NdO---
Authors: Babin Mark C. , DeWitt Martin , DeVine Jessalyn A. , McDonald David C. , Ard Shaun G. , Shuman Nicholas S. , Viggiano Albert A. , Cheng Lan , Neumark Daniel M. 
Published: September 2021

Electronically excited NdO is a possible product of the chemistry associated with the release of Nd into the ionosphere, and emission from these states may contribute to the observations following such experiments. To better characterize the energetics and spectroscopy of NdO, we report a combined experimental and theoretical study using slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging spectroscopy of cryogenically cooled NdO− anions (cryo-SEVI) supplemented by wave function-based quantum-chemical calculations. Using cryo-SEVI, we measure the electron affinity of NdO to be 1.0091(7) eV and resolve numerous transitions to low-lying electronic and vibrational states of NdO that are assigned with the aid of the electronic structure calculations. Additionally, temperature-dependent data suggest contributions from the (2)4.5 state of NdO− residing 2350 cm−1 above the ground anion state. Photodetachment to higher-lying excited states of NdO is also reported, which may help to clarify observations from prior release experiments.
Design of PID controller and fan wing controller for FanWing
Authors: Meng Lin , Wang Shuo , Chen Ye , Gao Yang 
Published: September 2021

FanWing, a concept for embedding a cross-flow fan into a thick wing for lift enhancement and thrust production, is a new kind of aircraft. Since the action position of the fan wing is after the center of gravity, the rotation of the cross-flow fan produces lift, thrust, and an additional pitch-down moment. Although FanWing has achieved great success at the air shows, scientists mainly concentrate on optimizing the fan wing structure to improve the characteristics of the power system and the dynamic performance of FanWing but rarely consider the control system. There is still a lot of work to do on theoretical research and engineering applications. Thus, the present paper will do some research on the control systems, including two control methods: the traditional elevator, aileron, and rudder control method and the fan wing control method. The influence of the additional pitch-down moment is researched. Based on the study of a 3.5 kg FanWing, the proportional integral differential (PID) controllers are designed. The proposed fan wing controller has been compared with the traditional PID one. The simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed fan wing controller in terms of the nonlinear simulation.
Constrained public benefits from global catch share fisheries
Authors: Ben-Hasan Abdulrahman , De La Puente Santiago , Flores Diana , Melnychuk Michael C. , Tivoli Emily , Christensen Villy , Cui Wei , Walters Carl J. 
Published: September 2021

SignificanceCharging industries for exploiting natural resources ensures that the owner of the resources—the public—receives compensation for their usage. Although fishery resources within exclusive economic zones constitute most of the global marine capture production, it is unclear whether fishing industries harvesting these resources are charged for harvesting fish. Our study shows that while global catch share fisheries harvest 17.4 million tons (19% of global catch) with a value of $17.7 billion, rent recovery mechanisms are lacking in 13 of 18 countries. This contrasts with the other extractive industries in the same countries, where rent recovery mechanisms are commonplace. Our findings highlight that most countries are likely forgoing a potential stream of economic revenue from fishery resources.
Excess mortality from COVID and non-COVID causes in minority populations
Authors: Cronin Christopher J. , Evans William N. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Research has documented the heavy cost COVID-19 mortality has placed on minorities. There is, however, less discussion of the inordinate burden that non–COVID-19 excess mortality (i.e., pandemic-era non–COVID-19 deaths in excess of the historical average) has exacted on this same group. Our analysis shows that minorities, particularly Black, non-Hispanic men, represent a disproportionate share of excess mortality and life years lost from non–COVID-19 causes. Early evidence suggests a combination of factors, including deaths of despair, murders, uninfected Alzheimer’s patients, reduced health care use, and economic dislocation. Moving forward, the challenge for the public health community is to understand the etiology of non–COVID-19 excess mortality and attack it with the same zeal as it attacks the virus.
Translational targeting of inflammation and fibrosis in frozen shoulder: Molecular dissection of the T cell/IL-17A axis
Authors: Akbar Moeed , Crowe Lindsay A. N. , McLean Michael , Garcia-Melchor Emma , MacDonald Lucy , Carter Kristyn , Fazzi Umberto G. , Martin David , Arthur Angus , Reilly James H. , McInnes Iain B. , Millar Neal L. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Frozen shoulder (FS) is a classic example of a prevalent debilitating pathological inflammatory fibrosis. Using approaches to dissect the molecular pathways subserving FS, we demonstrate the immune cell landscape in FS shifts from primarily macrophages to T cells in disease. We find T cells from FS tissue are able to secrete the inflammatory cytokine IL-17A, and fibroblasts from FS have greater expression of the receptor IL-17RA. Thus, FS fibroblasts produce greater fibrotic and inflammatory responses following IL-17A stimulation, which can be abrogated following NF-κB pathway inhibition or cytokine blockade using an anti–IL-17A antibody. This single-cell dissection of FS highlights a T cell–driven disease with both small molecule and anti-cytokine attenuation of disease-like features.
Gender inequities in the online dissemination of scholars’ work
Authors: Vásárhelyi Orsolya , Zakhlebin Igor , Milojević Staša , Horvát Emőke-Ágnes 
Published: September 2021

SignificancePrior work establishes wide-ranging gender inequities in science. Disparities at the level of earnings, support, and promotion indicate that women’s research is not recognized equally to men’s. Since an imbalance in visibility might have consequential downstream effects on citations and awards, the study of online success is critical to address the gender gap. Here we show that women are less successful than men in disseminating their research online. We demonstrate that scientific impact, social capital, and gendered tie formation in coauthorship networks are associated with the online success of men across research areas and levels of success, but not of women.
National religiosity eases the psychological burden of poverty
Authors: Berkessel Jana B. , Gebauer Jochen E. , Joshanloo Mohsen , Bleidorn Wiebke , Rentfrow Peter J. , Potter Jeff , Gosling Samuel D. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
According to a fundamental assumption in the social sciences, the burden of lower socioeconomic status (SES) is more severe in developing nations. In contrast to this assumption, recent research has shown that the burden of lower SES is less—not more—severe in developing nations. In three large-scale global data sets, we show that national religiosity can explain this puzzling finding. Developing nations are more religious, and most world religions uphold norms that, in part, function to ease the burden of lower SES and to cast a bad light on higher SES. In times of declining religiosity, this finding is a call to scientists and policymakers to monitor the increasingly harmful effects of lower SES and its far-reaching social consequences.
Deep learning for early warning signals of tipping points
Authors: Bury Thomas M. , Sujith R. I. , Pavithran Induja , Scheffer Marten , Lenton Timothy M. , Anand Madhur , Bauch Chris T. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Early warning signals (EWS) of tipping points are vital to anticipate system collapse or other sudden shifts. However, existing generic early warning indicators designed to work across all systems do not provide information on the state that lies beyond the tipping point. Our results show how deep learning algorithms (artificial intelligence) can provide EWS of tipping points in real-world systems. The algorithm predicts certain qualitative aspects of the new state, and is also more sensitive and generates fewer false positives than generic indicators. We use theory about system behavior near tipping points so that the algorithm does not require data from the study system but instead learns from a universe of possible models.
The emotional and mental health impact of the murder of George Floyd on the US population
Authors: Eichstaedt Johannes C. , Sherman Garrick T. , Giorgi Salvatore , Roberts Steven O. , Reynolds Megan E. , Ungar Lyle H. , Guntuku Sharath Chandra 
Published: September 2021

Significance
On May 25, 2020, George Floyd, an unarmed Black American male, was murdered by a White police officer in Minneapolis. Footage of his death was widely shared and caused widespread protests. Using data from Gallup before and after his death, we found an unprecedented level of anger and sadness in the population, particularly among Black Americans. Using US Census data, we found that, compared to White Americans, Black Americans reported significantly larger increases in depression and anxiety symptoms after Floyd’s death. Police brutality against Black Americans places Black Americans at disproportionate risk for reduced mental health, both reflecting and reinforcing US racial inequality.
Las construcciones modales condeber
Authors: Oliva Miguel A. Aijón 
Published: September 2021

AbstractaEl uso de las construcciones modales condeber(aquella en que va seguido de un infinitivo y aquella en que entre ambos se inserta la partículade) resulta de interés para un enfoque cognitivo-funcional de la elección gramatical como creación de significados. En este trabajo se realiza un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de ambas construcciones en un corpus de prensa y radio de una comunidad peninsular.Deber-Ø es con mucho la elección predominante, generalmente en enunciados de modalidad deóntica. Su uso esporádico en contextos epistémicos contribuye a reforzar la seguridad sobre el contenido, presentándolo como deducción lógica a partir de premisas contextuales. Por su parte,deber-decontribuye generalmente a atenuar la deonticidad del enunciado, favoreciendo su interpretación como hipótesis o sugerencia. Esta última construcción se asocia fuertemente a los contextos conversacionales, y resulta muy poco frecuente en el discurso de los periodistas y locutores de radio. Los resultados muestran la utilidad de combinar el estudio de las pautas cuantitativas y el del uso en contexto para desarrollar explicaciones científicas de la elección morfosintáctica.
The 2021 room-temperature superconductivity roadmap
Authors: Boeri Lilia , Hennig Richard , Hirschfeld Peter , Profeta Gianni , Sanna Antonio , Zurek Eva , Pickett Warren E , Amsler Maximilian , Dias Ranga , Eremets Mikhail I , Heil Christoph , Hemley Russell J , Liu Hanyu , Ma Yanming , Pierleoni Carlo , Kolmogorov Aleksey N , Rybin Nikita , Novoselov Dmitry , Anisimov Vladimir , Oganov Artem R , Pickard Chris J , Bi Tiange , Arita Ryotaro , Errea Ion , Pellegrini Camilla , Requist Ryan , Gross E K U , Margine Elena Roxana , Xie Stephen R , Quan Yundi , Hire Ajinkya , Fanfarillo Laura , Stewart G R , Hamlin J J , Stanev Valentin , Gonnelli Renato S , Piatti Erik , Romanin Davide , Daghero Dario , Valenti Roser 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Designing materials with advanced functionalities is the main focus of contemporary solid-state physics and chemistry. Research efforts worldwide are funneled into a few high-end goals, one of the oldest, and most fascinating of which is the search for an ambient temperature superconductor (A-SC). The reason is clear: superconductivity at ambient conditions implies being able to handle, measure and access a single, coherent, macroscopic quantum mechanical state without the limitations associated with cryogenics and pressurization. This would not only open exciting avenues for fundamental research, but also pave the road for a wide range of technological applications, affecting strategic areas such as energy conservation and climate change. In this roadmap we have collected contributions from many of the main actors working on superconductivity, and asked them to share their personal viewpoint on the field. The hope is that this article will serve not only as an instantaneous picture of the status of research, but also as a true roadmap defining the main long-term theoretical and experimental challenges that lie ahead. Interestingly, although the current research in superconductor design is dominated by conventional (phonon-mediated) superconductors, there seems to be a widespread consensus that achieving A-SC may require different pairing mechanisms.

In memoriam, to Neil Ashcroft, who inspired us all.