bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progression of long head of the biceps brachii tendon abnormality on magnetic resonance imaging after rotator cuff repair
Authors: Lee Seung Eun , Jung Joon-Yong , Lee So-Yeon , Park Hyerim 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesTo correlate the deterioration of preserved long head of biceps tendon (LHB) after rotator cuff repair with preoperative and postoperative MRI factors.MethodsTotal of 209 shoulder joints (F:M = 145:64; mean age 57.4 years) which underwent rotator cuff repair and at least two postoperative MRI scans over 10 months after surgery were included. LHB integrity was graded with a five point severity scale. LHB deterioration was defined by increased composite score of integrity and extent score between the preoperative and second postoperative MRI. For preoperative and postoperative MRI factors, size and location of superior cuff -supraspinatus and infraspinatus- and subscapularis tears, fatty degeneration of rotator cuff, preoperative LHB status, subluxation of LHB, superior labral tear, acromion type, repaired rotator cuff status, postoperative capsulitis and acromioplasty state were assessed. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between LHB deterioration and aforementioned factors. Same analysis was conducted for 62 shoulder joints with a long-term follow-up MRI.ResultsOf the 209 shoulders, 49.3% (n = 103) showed LHB deterioration on short-term follow-up MRI. In long-term follow-up subgroup, 32 LHBs were further deteriorated. In multivariate analysis, fatty degeneration of superior cuff showed significant association with LHB deterioration in both short-term (p = .04, p = .007) and long-term subgroups (p = .004, p = .005) among preoperative and postoperative factors, respectively.ConclusionsDegree of fatty degeneration in superior cuff is associated with LHB deterioration on postoperative MRI.Advances in knowledgeOur results support that tenotomy or tenodesis of LHB should be considered during rotator cuff repair, especially in patients with advanced fatty degeneration of rotator cuff.
Modern imaging of cholangitis
Authors: Pötter-Lang Sarah , Ba-Ssalamah Ahmed , Bastati Nina , Messner Alina , Kristic Antonia , Ambros Raphael , Herold Alexander , Hodge Jacqueline C. , Trauner Michael 
Published: July 2021

Cholangitis refers to inflammation of the bile ducts with or without accompanying infection. When intermittent or persistent inflammation lasts 6 months or more, the condition is classified as chronic cholangitis. Otherwise, it is considered an acute cholangitis. Cholangitis can also be classified according to the inciting agent, e.g. complete mechanical obstruction, which is the leading cause of acute cholangitis, longstanding partial mechanical blockage, or immune-mediated bile duct damage that results in chronic cholangitis.
The work-up for cholangitis is based upon medical history, clinical presentation, and initial laboratory tests. Whereas ultrasound is the first-line imaging modality used to identify bile duct dilatation in patients with colicky abdominal pain, cross-sectional imaging is preferable when symptoms cannot be primarily localised to the hepatobiliary system. CT is very useful in oncologic, trauma, or postoperative patients. Otherwise, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography is the method of choice to diagnose acute and chronic biliary disorders, providing an excellent anatomic overview and, if gadoxetic acid is injected, simultaneously delivering morphological and functional information about the hepatobiliary system. If brush cytology, biopsy, assessment of the prepapillary common bile duct, stricture dilatation, or stenting is necessary, then endoscopic ultrasound and/or retrograde cholangiography are performed. Finally, when the pathologic duct is inaccessible from the duodenum or stomach, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography is an option. The pace of the work-up depends upon the severity of cholestasis on presentation. Whereas sepsis, hypotension, and/or Charcot’s triad warrant immediate investigation and management, chronic cholestasis can be electively evaluated.
This overview article will cover the common cholangitides, emphasising our clinical experience with the chronic cholestatic liver diseases.
Blood oxygenation level-dependent MRI at 3T for differentiating prostate cancer from benign tissue: a preliminary experience
Authors: Kim Yongtae , Park Jung Jae , Kim Chan Kyo 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
Blood oxygenation-level dependent (BOLD) MRI may identify or quantify the regional distribution of hypoxia within a tumor. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of BOLD MRI at 3 T in differentiating prostate cancer from benign tissue.

Methods:
A total of 145 patients with biopsy-proven prostate cancer underwent BOLD MRI at 3 T. BOLD MRI was performed using a multiple fast field echo sequence to acquire 12 T 2*-weighted images. The R2* value (rate of relaxation, s−1) was measured in the index tumor, and benign peripheral (PZ) and transition zone (TZ), and the results were compared. The variability of R2* measurements was evaluated.

Results:
Tumor R2* values (25.95 s−1) were significantly different from the benign PZ (27.83 s−1) and benign TZ (21.66 s−1) (p &lt; 0.001). For identifying the tumor, the area under the receiver operating characteristic of R2* was 0.606, with an optimal cut-off value of 22.8 s−1 resulting in 73.8% sensitivity and 52% specificity. In the Bland–Altman test, the mean differences in R2* values were 8.5% for tumors, 13.3% for benign PZ, and 6.8% for benign TZ. No associations between tumor R2* value and Gleason score, age, prostate volume, prostate-specific antigen, or tumor size.

Conclusion:
BOLD MRI at 3 T appears to be a feasible tool for differentiating between prostate cancer and benign tissue. However, further studies are required for a direct clinical application.

Advances in knowledge:
The R2* values are significantly different among prostate cancer, benign PZ, and benign TZ.
Patient treatment pathways of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cases in coastal South India: Road to a drug resistant tuberculosis center
Authors: Rathi Priya , Shringarpure Kalpita , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Pandey Abhinav , Nair Abhirami 
Published: July 2021

Background: Delays in initiating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) treatment adds risk to individual patients and the community due to disease progression, and on-going transmission. The Government of India offers free TB diagnosis and treatment, however many presumptive MDR TB patients wander within the Indian healthcare system and delay accessing the programme. To improve access to care, it is imperative to understand the treatment pathways taken by MDR TB patients. We aimed to describe the diagnostic and treatment pathway taken by presumptive MDR TB patients registered under Programmatic Management of Drug-resistant TB Program. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study amongst patients registered during August 2016 – April 2017 at one District Drug Resistance Tuberculosis centre of Dakshina Kannada district in Karnataka, India. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the number, type (private and public sector), and dates of healthcare facilities (HCFs) visits prior to the initiation of MDR TB treatment. Delays in pathway were measured in days and summarised as median and interquartile range (IQR), from the date of onset of illness until the initiation of MDR TB treatment. Results: We found that patients preferred private HCFs; however, due to lack of treatment and unaffordability they shifted to public HCFs. Median delay to register under the program was more in private HCFs (180 days) in comparison with public HCFs (120 days). We also found that the detection rates were much higher in public HCFs (80%). Conclusion: The present study found that there was substantial patient delay and total delay in diagnosis and treatment of MDR TB patients. Private HCF was first point of contact for most of the patients; however those visited public HCF diagnosed earlier as compared to others. The government should involve private HCFs to provide standard diagnostics and treatment to the patients seeking a private facility.
Cardiac Tamponade in Adrenoleukodystrophy with Addison’s Disease
Authors: Sá Pereira Mafalda , Freitas Raquel , Correia Azevedo Pedro 
Published: July 2021

Cardiac tamponade is a life-threatening medical emergency and can arise in many clinical situations. We present the case of a 59-year-old man with adrenoleukodystrophy and Addison’s disease who was admitted to the emergency department with severe abdominal pain that turned out to be cardiac tamponade of unknown aetiology. An association between cardiac tamponade and Addison’s disease has been reported in the literature, so this aetiology should be considered in the differential diagnosis for patients presenting with unexplained cardiac tamponade.
Patient-reported outcome measures after hip fracture in patients with chronic cognitive impairment
Authors: Kristoffersen Malfrid H. , Dybvik Eva H. , Steihaug Ole M. , Kristensen Torbjørn B. , Engesæter Lars B. , Ranhoff Anette H. , Gjertsen Jan-Erik 
Published: July 2021

Aims Hip fracture patients have high morbidity and mortality. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) assess the quality of care of patients with hip fracture, including those with chronic cognitive impairment (CCI). Our aim was to compare PROMs from hip fracture patients with and without CCI, using the Norwegian Hip Fracture Register (NHFR). Methods PROM questionnaires at four months (n = 34,675) and 12 months (n = 24,510) after a hip fracture reported from 2005 to 2018 were analyzed. Pre-injury score was reported in the four-month questionnaire. The questionnaires included the EuroQol five-dimension three-level (EQ-5D-3L) questionnaire, and information about who completed the questionnaire. Results Of the 34,675 included patients, 5,643 (16%) had CCI. Patients with CCI were older (85 years vs 81 years) (p < 0.001), and had a higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification compared to patients without CCI. CCI was unrelated to fracture type and treatment method. EQ-5D index scores were lower in patients with CCI after four months (0.37 vs 0.60; p < 0.001) and 12 months (0.39 vs 0.64; p < 0.001). Patients with CCI had lower scores for all dimensions of the EQ-5D-3L pre-fracture and at four and 12 months. Conclusion Patients with CCI reported lower health-related quality of life pre-fracture, at four and 12 months after the hip fracture. PROM data from hip fracture patients with CCI are valuable in the assessment of treatment. Patients with CCI should be included in future studies. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(7):454–465.
Straightness metric for measurement of turbulence-induced distortion in long-range imaging
Authors: Hofmann Julia , Goelzer Rilene , Wegner Daniel , Gladysz Szymon , Stein Karin 
Published: July 2021

Algorithms used for mitigation of the effects of atmospheric turbulence on video sequences often rely on a process for creating a reference image to register all of the frames. Because such a pristine image is generally not available, no-reference image quality metrics can be used to identify frames in a sequence that have minimum distortion. Here, we propose a metric that quantifies image warping by measuring image straightness based on line detection. The average length of straight lines in a frame is used to select best frames in a sequence and to generate a reference frame for a subsequent dewarping algorithm. We perform tests with this metric on simulated data that exhibits varying degrees of distortion and blur and spans normalized turbulence strengths between 0.75 and 4.5. We show, through these simulations, that the metric can differentiate between weak and moderate turbulence effects. We also show in simulations that the optical flow that uses a reference frame generated by this metric produces consistently improved image quality. This improvement is even higher when we employ the metric to guide optical flow that is applied to three real video sequences taken over a 7 km path.
Polymer/silica hybrid 3D waveguide thermo-optic mode switch based on cascaded asymmetric directional couplers
Authors: Lin Baizhu , Sun Shijie , Yang Kaidi , Zhu Mu , Gu Yue , Yu Qidong , Wang Xibin , Zhang Daming 
Published: July 2021

A polymer/silica hybrid 3D waveguide thermo-optic (TO) mode switch based on cascaded asymmetric directional couplers (ADCs) is theoretically designed and simulated, where the spatial modes of a few-mode silica waveguide can be switched to various single-mode polymer waveguides placed above the few-mode silica waveguide. A beam propagation method is employed to optimize the dimensional parameters of the mode switch to convert the

L
P

11
a

and

L
P

11
b

modes of the few-mode silica waveguide to the

L
P

01

mode of two single-mode polymer waveguides using the cascaded ADC 1 and ADC 2. The coupling ratios are higher than 96.4% (93.4%) and 95.1% (92.8%) for the ADC 1 and ADC 2, respectively, under the TE (TM) polarization within the wavelength range from 1530 to 1570 nm, which shows good wavelength independence. Furthermore, the monolayer graphene is introduced as the heating electrode and buried on the surface of the polymer core to increase the heating efficiency and reduce the power consumption. The power consumption for ADC 1 and ADC 2 is 16.69 mW and 17.35 mW, respectively. Compared to the traditional TO switch with an aluminum (Al) heating electrode, the heating efficiency of the presented device can be improved by

∼

30

%

. Moreover, the response speed of the TO mode switch with a 3D waveguide structure was also significantly improved. Compared to the device with Al electrodes, the introduced graphene electrodes can improve the switching speed of the device by

∼

60

%

. The presented TO mode switch with its small size and easy integration should find applications in reconfigurable mode division multiplexing systems.
The magnitude of undernutrition and associated factors among adult chronic kidney disease patients in selected hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Asefa Mahder , Abebe Amene , Balcha Behailu , Baza Daniel 
Published: July 2021

Background
Undernutrition is a common comorbidity in chronic kidney disease patients which augments the progression of the disease to an end-stage renal disease, renal dysfunction and related morbidity and mortality. However, in Ethiopia, there is a dearth of research evidence in this regard. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of undernutrition and its associated factors among adult chronic kidney disease patients.

Methods
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted in selected hospitals of Addis Ababa from May to August 2018. Data were collected by structured and pretested questionnaires. Patients’ charts were reviewed from their medical profiles. Body mass index was calculated from anthropometric measurements using calibrated instruments. Serum albumin level was determined by reference laboratory standard procedure. Data were entered into Epi- data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were calculated and presented by tables, graphs and texts. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were computed and the level of statistical significance was declared at p-value <0.05.

Results
From the total sample size of 403 participants, 371 were involved in the study. The prevalence of undernutrition (BMI<18.5) among adult chronic kidney disease patients was 43.1% (95% CI: 38%-48%). Undernutrition (BMI<18.5) was significantly higher among patients with diabetic nephropathy [AOR = 2.00, 95% CI, 1.09–2.66], serum albumin value less than 3.8g/dl [AOR = 4.21: CI, 2.07–5.07], recently diagnosed with diabetes mellitus [AOR = 2.36, 95% CI, 1.03–3.14] and stage V chronic kidney disease [AOR = 3.25:95% CI, 1.00–3.87].

Conclusion
Undernutrition in chronic kidney disease patients was significantly higher among patients with diabetic nephropathy, patients on stage V chronic kidney disease, recently diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and serum albumin value less than 3.8g/dl.
Cognitive complaints in age-related chronic conditions: A systematic review
Authors: Hill Nikki L. , Bhargava Sakshi , Brown Monique J. , Kim Hyejin , Bhang Iris , Mullin Kaitlyn , Phillips Kathleen , Mogle Jacqueline 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionCognitive complaints in older adults may be indicative of progressive cognitive decline including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but also occur in other age-related chronic conditions, complicating identification of early AD symptoms. To better understand cognitive complaints in aging, we systematically reviewed the evidence to determine their prevalence and characterization among older adults with the most common age-related chronic conditions.MethodsThis systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement and the review protocol was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD42020153147). Searches were conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A&I in June 2020. Two members of the review team independently determined article eligibility for inclusion and conducted quality appraisal. A narrative synthesis of results was used to integrate findings across studies and draw conclusions regarding the strength of the evidence in each chronic condition category.ResultsThirty-seven articles met eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Conditions represented were diabetes (n = 20), heart disease (n = 13), hypertension (n = 10), chronic lung disease (n = 5), arthritis (n = 4), heart failure (n = 2), and hyperlipidemia (n = 2). In addition, 16 studies included a measure of multimorbidity. Overall, there was a higher prevalence of cognitive complaints in individuals with higher multimorbidity, including a potential dose-dependent relationship. Findings for specific conditions were inconsistent, but there is evidence to suggest that cross-sectionally, older adults with diabetes, heart disease, chronic lung disease, and arthritis have more cognitive complaints than those without these conditions.ConclusionThere is strong evidence demonstrating that cognitive complaints are more common in older adults with higher multimorbidity, but little research examining these associations over time. Improving our understanding of the longitudinal trajectory of cognitive complaints, multimorbidity, and objective cognition in older age is an important area for future research.
The impact of COVID-19 on Physical Activity of Czech children
Authors: Štveráková Tereza , Jačisko Jakub , Busch Andrew , Šafářová Marcela , Kolář Pavel , Kobesová Alena 
Published: July 2021

Introduction
The pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and related restrictions (closed schools and sports centers, social isolation, masks) may have a negative impact on children’s health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of physical activity (PA) of Czech children during COVID-19 in autumn 2020.

Methods
Ninety-eight Czech children (mean age = 10.1 ± 1.47 years) completed the standardized Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Czech Children (PAQ-C/cz) during COVID lockdown. Data were compared with previously published norms. Thirty-five children also reported daily number of steps measured by accelerometers.

Results
Total PAQ-C score was 0.38 lower during COVID compared to Pre-COVID [t(302) = 5.118., p < .001]. The male PAQ-C total score was 0.37 lower [t(146) = 3.21., p = .002)] and the female total score was 0.39 lower [t(154) = 3.97., p < .001] during COVID compared to Pre-COVID. Specifically, responses of PA during spare time, before-school, physical education (PE), and recess were significantly lower during COVID. The average number of steps was 7.767 steps/day (boys = 9.255; girls = 6.982).

Conclusion
COVID lockdown resulted in significant reduction of PA in Czech children. Strategies to promote adequate PA of children during the pandemic need to be determined.
Evocações camonianas
Authors: Pacheco Milton Pedro Dias 
Published: July 2021

No âmbito dos ciclos comemorativos oficiais dedicados a Luis Vaz de Camões, o mais ilustre dos poetas portugueses, foi organizado, em 1969, o IV Centenário da Estada de Luís de Camões na Ilha de Moçambique (1569-1969).
A demorada estada de Camões na Ilha de Moçambique, entre os anos de 1567 e 1569, alguns anos após a sua primeira passagem, deixaria marcas indeléveis no património histórico de origem portuguesa e no imaginário colectivo da população moçambicana.
Pretende-se, com o presente artigo, proceder à análise do programa oficial promovido pelas comissões responsáveis pela organização e condução das atividades e festividades na ainda província de Moçambique, através dos múltiplos organismos acoplados à máquina administrativa central e ultramarina do Estado Novo nos últimos anos do regime autoritário. Seguidamente proceder-se-á à identificação cronológica e apreciação crítica das atividades culturais, ações científicas e composições artísticas levadas a cabo durante as comemorações camonianas de 1969.
A Case of Profound Secretory Diarrhea Revealing 2 Primary Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Thompson Ashley A. , Suhail Fathima K. , Mirchia Kanish , Rawlins Sekou R. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are unusual neoplasms with a diverse spectrum of clinical presentations. There is a lack of literature on cases of 2 primary histologically distinct NETs. We report a case of a 40-year-old man who presented with chronic diarrhea. A colonoscopy was performed which discovered a rectal polyp, with pathology showing a well-differentiated NET. A subsequent somatostatin scan revealed a pancreatic tail mass. Biopsy showed a histologically distinct well-differentiated vasoactive intestinal peptide-producing NET. Given that pancreatic and rectal NETs come from different embryonic origins, the diagnosis of 2 primary NETs presents a unique case.
Стратегии миграции врачей в периферийные муниципальные образования (на примере Тверской области)
Authors: Андреева Екатерина Александровна , Карачурина Лилия Борисовна 
Published: July 2021

На основе пятнадцати биографических интервью с переехавшими на периферию врачами, а также восьми интервью с экспертами в сфере здравоохранения, были выделены пять стратегий переезда врачей в нестоличные муниципальные образования Тверской области. Основаниями для выделения стратегий являются выталкивающие и притягивающие факторы переезда и социально-демографические характеристики врачей-мигрантов. Так, стратегия «Где родился, там и пригодился» связана с возвращением врачей в родной населенный пункт для работы сразу после окончания вуза из-за невозможности закрепиться в крупных городах, востребованности межпоколенческой поддержки членов расширенной семьи, а также наличия жилья. «Миграция вслед» — миграция на периферию вслед за супругом или супругой. «Вынужденных» мигрантов стимулирует для переезда на периферию кризис на родине: военный, экономический, семейный и возможности облегченной по сравнению с региональными центрами адаптации на периферии. В рамках стратегии «Карьеристы» молодых врачей из крупных городов и столичных регионов привлекают возможности получения опыта, а врачей среднего или предпенсионного возраста — получение высокой административной должности. Стратегия «За миллионом» позволяет врачам получить материальное вознаграждение: жилье или компенсационные выплаты. При этом врачи из крупных и столичных городов нередко выбирают перемещения в ежедневном режиме (маятниковую миграцию) — между местом работы, которое является официальным местом жительства для участия в Программе «Земский доктор», и фактическим местом проживания. А врачи, имеющие опыт проживания в нестоличных, малых городах и сельской местности, выбирают переезд на временной или постоянной основе. Для них переезд на периферию связан с меньшими издержками, а существующие программы позволяют улучшить уровень и условия жизни, что увеличивает вероятность закрепления таких врачей-мигрантов на периферии.
Благодарность. Исследование осуществлено в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований НИУ ВШЭ в 2021 г.