bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Un essai de caractérisation du didactique
Authors: Vadcard Lucile 
Published: June 2021

Ce texte propose de revenir sur quelques-uns des travaux initiaux de la didactique des mathématiques et de montrer que les concepts et méthodes développés dans ce domaine constituent des pistes intéressantes mais finalement encore peu exploitées, pour des travaux traitant de formations professionnelles. Ainsi l’objectif de ce texte est-il de contribuer au projet de la didactique professionnelle de développer une approche « pleinement didactique » de la formation professionnelle.
Le discours mémoriel ottoman au musée naval d’Istanbul
Authors: Dumas Juliette 
Published: June 2021

Depuis plus d’une décennie, les usages mémoriels du passé ottoman en Turquie connaissent une surenchère, qui dissimule une pluralité de discours encore mal étudiés. Cet article entend y contribuer, en prenant pour cadre d’étude le Musée naval d’Istanbul. La démarche retenue est celle de l’analyse du discours muséologique des espaces dédiés au temps ottoman, à travers l’étude des expôts et des panneaux explicatifs. Deux thèmes principaux émergent : la constitution d’une synthèse turco-ottomano-stambouliote et l’élaboration d’un discours de puissance des forces navales ottomano-turques. Le traitement de l’histoire s’y révèle très traditionnel : histoire par le haut, des grandes figures et de la dynastie ; histoire-bataille faite de grandes dates et teintée d’un puissant sentiment de fierté nationaliste. Musée militaire, la vaillance des forces navales ottomanes est affirmée, comme annonciatrice de la propre puissance navale turque : la rupture entre les deux époques est abolie ; la « décadence » militaire, entièrement rejetée. Corsaires et martyrs sont exaltés, mais l’histoire sociale de la marine ottomane reste inexistante.
Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair in Children
Authors: Rathod Kirtikumar J. , Sikchi Rupesh , Vig Ayushi , Jadhav Avinash , Saxena Rahul , Pathak Manish , Bhatia Pradeep , Sinha Arvind 
Published: June 2021

Context:
Laparoscopic repair of pediatric inguinal hernia is gaining popularity, however there is no consensus about the technique of operation.

Aims:
The aim of the study was to compare the results and complications of two techniques of laparoscopic pediatric hernia repair.

Settings and Design:
This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Pediatric Surgery in All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur.

Subjects and Methods:
All children who underwent laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair at AIIMS, Jodhpur, during the period of September 2016–March 2019 were retrospectively studied. Parameters studied included age, gender, side of hernia, technique used, operating time, complications, and hospital stay. Patients were divided into two groups depending on whether the hernial sac was divided or not divided before taking a purse-string suture.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Student's t-test and Fischer exact test were used to analyze data.

Results:
A total of 114 patients were included in the study. The median age was 36.4 months. Hernial sac was divided before suturing in 53 patients, while sac was left intact in 61 patients. The mean follow-up was 11.4 months (range: 4–16). Age, gender, side of hernia, complications, and hospital stay were comparable in both groups. There was a significant difference between the mean operating duration in patients who underwent division of hernia sac compared to patients in whom the sac was not divided before putting purse-string suture (92.5 min [45–150] vs. 65.7 [30–90], respectively, P = 0.0101). Hernia recurrence (3.8% in Group A vs. 1.6% in Group B) was comparable in the two groups.

Conclusions:
Laparoscopic pediatric hernia repair done with or without dividing the peritoneal sac gives comparable results, however operative duration is less if sac is not divided.
Turnpike in infinite dimension
Authors: Leonetti Paolo , Caprio Michele 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLet
$\Phi $
be a correspondence from a normed vector space X into itself, let
$u: X\to \mathbf {R}$
be a function, and let
$\mathcal {I}$
be an ideal on
$\mathbf {N}$
. In addition, assume that the restriction of u on the fixed points of
$\Phi $
has a unique maximizer
$\eta ^\star $
. Then, we consider feasible paths
$(x_0,x_1,\ldots )$
with values in X such that
$x_{n+1} \in \Phi (x_n)$
, for all
$n\ge 0$
. Under certain additional conditions, we prove the following turnpike result: every feasible path
$(x_0,x_1,\ldots )$
which maximizes the smallest
$\mathcal {I}$
-cluster point of the sequence
$(u(x_0),u(x_1),\ldots )$
is necessarily
$\mathcal {I}$
-convergent to
$\eta ^\star $
.We provide examples that, on the one hand, justify the hypotheses of our result and, on the other hand, prove that we are including new cases which were previously not considered in the related literature.
Exponentials of de Branges–Rovnyak kernels
Authors: Kuwahara Shuhei , Seto Michio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this note, we give a new property of de Branges–Rovnyak kernels. As the main theorem, it is shown that the exponential of de Branges–Rovnyak kernel is strictly positive definite if the corresponding Schur class function is nontrivial.
Drug Shop Intervention to Enhance Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Patent Medicine Vendors for the Control of COVID-19 In Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Chukwuocha Uchechukwu Madukaku , Iwuoha Gregory Ndubeze , Ashinze Onyeka Francis , Njoku Princewill Ugochukwu , Obasi Chidera Chisom , Adey Evelyn Ifezue , Dozie Ikechukwu Nosike Simplicius 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT.
Drug shops are the first point of care for most community members in low-resource countries. Because of symptomatic similarities with common illnesses such as malaria, probable coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases may seek care at drug shops, where the knowledge and skills required to handle it may be lacking, thereby fostering community spread of the disease. This single-arm study provided an intervention to improve COVID-19-related knowledge, attitude, and practices of patent medicine vendors (PMVs) in 97 participating drug shops selected through cluster sampling in Owerri, southeastern Nigeria. The intervention involved a drug shop sensitization using information, education, and communication material, as well as training on the use of a risk assessment checklist to identify probable COVID-19 cases and to take appropriate action. Data were collected to determine the effect of this intervention using a pre-tested questionnaire and practice observation checklist, first at baseline and then 3 months post-intervention. Data analysis involved exploratory analysis and the t-test to determine pre- and post-intervention mean score differences at the 5% α level. There was post-intervention knowledge improvement on the COVID-19 causative pathogen (98.1% post-intervention versus 61.9% pre-intervention) and disease transmissibility from person to person (95.9% post-intervention versus 81.4% pre-intervention) among other knowledge domains. There was significant post-intervention improvement for positive attitude, with a mean gain score of 2.8 ± 1.7 (t = 4.4, P = 0.005), and preventive practices, with a mean gain score of 6.0 ± 4.7 (t = 4.1, P = 0.007). Engaging patent medicine vendors in the pandemic response plans through targeted interventions such as drug shop intervention could prove vital in the fight against COVID-19.
Postoperative nausea and vomiting at a tertiary care hospital in north-western Tanzania
Authors: Chalya Phillipo L. , Mhewa Onesmo Z. , Mabula Joseph B. 
Published: June 2021

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting is one of the most distressing morbidities associated with surgery. This descriptive prospective study was conducted to determine the incidence, predictors and management of postoperative nausea and vomiting among patients attending a tertiary hospital in north-western Tanzania.Methods: The study was conducted in the surgical wards and intensive care unit of Bugando Medical Centre in Mwanza, Tanzania between January 2013 and December 2013. The study population included adult patients aged ≥18 years, classified as ASA I and who were scheduled for elective surgeries under general or region anaesthesia. Patients were assessed preoperatively, intraoperatively and postoperatively. A questionnaire was administered to each patient in order to collect the information on demographic characteristics, estimated patient’s body mass index, smoking status, prior history of motion sickness or post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV), type and duration of surgery/anaesthesia, intraoperative pethidine use, postoperative pain and timing of oral intake.Results: A total of 348 patients (age=18-76 years) were included in the study. The male to female ratio was 1.4: 1. The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was 41.4%. Age group 21-30, female gender, history of PONV, general anaesthesia and intraoperative pethidine were the main predictors of PONV (p < 0.001). Only forty-five (31.3%) out of the 144 patients who reported their episodes of PONV received any medications.Conclusion: The incidence of PONV among surgical patients at Bugando Medical Centre is unacceptably high and the predictors of postoperative nausea and vomiting within 24 hours included being a young adult, female, having history of PONV, been under general anaesthesia and intraoperative pethidine. It is recommended that patients with increased likelihood of developing postoperative nausea and vomiting should be given anti-emetic prophylaxis and other preventive measures.
Access to child health services in Orumba North Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Igwe Ijeoma , I'Aronu Ngozi , Onyeneho Nkechi G. 
Published: June 2021

Background: As the world transits from the era of millennium development goals to that of sustainable development goals, an examination of the access to primary health care services in the previous era is germane to adequate planning and delivery of effective service in the emerging era. The objective of this study was determine factors associated with the use of primary health care (PHC) facilities for the health needs of children in Anambra State, NigeriaMethods: A cross sectional survey of 600 randomly selected mothers (15-49 years) was conducted in Orumba North local government area of Anambra State. An interviewer-based questionnaire, designed to provide information on the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents as well as their child rearing experiences was used. The questionnaire also provided data on the women’s use of immunization services. The perceptions on government health services were also examined to understand how they influence compliance.Results: More of non-demographic attributes like the mothers’ perceptions and past experiences with the health services influenced utilization more than the demographic attributes. Satisfactory experiences with health service influenced utilization (χ2=168.478; p<0.001). Those with good perception (95.4%) used the PHC facilities more (χ2=198.032; p<0.001).Conclusion: Irrespective of the socio-demographic backgrounds of the mothers, they all have feelings and react to situations they encounter daily. There is need to improve the experiences mothers get from encounter with the PHC facilities so as to improve on the perception and increase use of the facilities.
Blood utilization in elective surgery in a tertiary hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Akoko Larry O. , Joseph Alex B. 
Published: June 2021

Background: There has been an observation of blood being unnecessarily requested even for surgeries that will not require transfusion. Furthermore, some patients have been denied surgery due to lack of blood causing surgical list disruptions and inconveniency to patients and their families. This study was carried out to determine the status of blood utilization practices at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out for a period of eight months. Data on blood requisition and usage was collected on a structured questionnaire, and analyzed for Cross-match to Transfusion (C/T) ratio, Transfusion probability (%T), and Transfusion Index (TI). For those procedures that showed more than two indices to be significant, a Maximum Surgical Blood ordering Schedule MSBOS was proposed.Results: Blood was over ordered for 76% of the patients while over eight percent of the patients had haemoglobin levels over 10g/dl. Only amputation, laparotomy for malignancies, pneumonenctomy, and bowel resection for malignancy had at least two of the transfusion indices showing significant blood utilization for general surgery cases. For urological cases, only Cystectomy for bladder cancer and nephrectomy had at least two of the indices showing significant blood utilization. In the remaining cases, blood utilization was inefficient suggesting cross-matching of blood was unnecessary, which resulted in loss of nearly 73% of technician’s working hours and USD 425 for the study period.Conclusion: There is existence of over ordering of blood in this hospital. Blood ordering practices needs to be reviewed to minimize over ordering of blood. All the three indices showed inefficient use of blood in most of the operations. But even so, utilization can still be improved in some of the operations which showed significant utilization.
Risk factors associated with pre-term birth in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: a case-control study
Authors: Mahapula Fanaka A. , Kumpuni Kitindi , Mlay Joyce P. , Mrema Theresia F. 
Published: June 2021

Background: Preterm birth remains one of the most serious problems in obstetrics care. Its aetiology is complex and multifactorial. This study was carried out to determine risk factors for preterm birth in Dar es Salaam City in Tanzania.Methods: This case-control study was conducted in three municipal hospitals namely, Amani, Mwananyamala and Temeke in Dar es Salaam. It involved 377 pairs of women with preterm birth (cases) and term birth (controls). Eligible women who agreed to participate and who signed the consent form completed a short interview regarding demographic and lifestyle factors, had their baby examined for maturity, and had their medical records abstracted. All cases and controls were interviewed face-to-face using a specially designed questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression after controlling for potential confounders was used to measure the strength of associations between preterm birth and related factors.Results: Several significant risk factors associations with pre-term birth were multiple pregnancies (AOR = 8.6; 95%CI 4.5-16.5; p-value <0.001), untreated vaginal discharge (AOR = 5.2; 95%CI 1.1-24.4; p-value 0.034), public prenatal care (AOR = 2.1; 95%CI 1.1-4.1; p-value 0.017), untreated urinary tract infection (AOR = 2.7; 95%CI 1.2-6.1; p-value 0.016), complication during pregnancy (AOR = 2.7; 95%CI 1.3-5.3; p-value 0.004), cervical incompetence (AOR = 11.6; 95%CI 1.1-121.5; p-value 0.04), polyhydramnios (AOR = 8.3; 95%CI 1.7-40.2; p-value 0.008), and lack of antenatal visits (AOR = 5.1; 95%CI 1.4-17.8; p-value 0.042).Conclusion: This study has identified several risk factors for preterm birth in the city of Dar es Salaam. It is important that planners design community-based interventions to address complications from preterm birth.
Health care worker’s perception about the quality of health care at the outpatient department in Mwananyamala Hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Khamis Kudra , Njau Bernard 
Published: June 2021

Background: Quality of care is a complex issue influenced by many factors. It is fundamental in assessing health care delivery in health facilities in developing countries. Health care workers’ perceptions help policy makers and planners to identify bottlenecks in the system to improve utilisation and sustainability of health care services in the population. The objective of this study was to explore health care workers’ perception about the quality of health care delivered at the outpatient department in Mwananyamala Hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods: A cross-sectional qualitative study was conducted from April to May 2013. Results: Health care workers’ mentioned extrinsic as well as intrinsic factors, which may influence the quality of health care services. Extrinsic factors included poor physical infrastructure, unavailability of medical equipment and/or essential drugs and poor staffing levels. Intrinsic factors mentioned were motivation for health care workers and workplace training opportunities.Conclusion: Multiple factors influencing perceived quality of health care Mwananyamala hospital have been identified to include physical infrastructure, availability of medical equipment and essential medicines, staffing levels, remuneration and promotion.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of parents on child sexual abuse and its prevention in Shinyanga district, Tanzania
Authors: Mlekwa Fredrick M. , Nyamhanga Tumaini , Chalya Phillipo L. , Urassa David 
Published: June 2021

Background: The role of parents in preventing child sexual abuse in the community in low-and-middle income countries has not been adequately emphasized. The objective of this study was to assess parents’ knowledge, attitudes and practices on child sexual abuse and its prevention in Shinyanga district, Tanzania in order to strengthen child protection. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted during July 2015. Multistage cluster sampling technique was employed to obtain study participants from a list of sampling frame. Parents with children below 18 years old were randomly selected to form a study population. A quantitative technique using structured questions was used to assess parents’ knowledge, attitude and practices about preventing child sexual abuse.Results: A total of 384 respondents were included in the study. The majority (95.6%) of respondents had high knowledge regarding prevention of child sexual abuse. Majority (98.7%) of the respondents had positive attitudes on preventing child sexual abuse. However, only about a quarter (27.3%) of respondents had good practices on protection and prevention of child sexual abuse.Conclusion: Knowledge and attitudes of parents on child sexual abuse prevention was high in the study area. However, the practices of parents on child sexual abuse prevention were poor. Therefore, a public education programme is needed for parents, with the ultimate aim of protecting children from the preventable harm and trauma of sexual abuse in rural communities of Tanzania.
Prevalent use of herbs for reduction of labour duration in Mwanza, Tanzania: are obstetricians aware?
Authors: Dika Haruna I. , Dismas Mauki , Iddi Shabani , Rumanyika Richard 
Published: June 2021

Background: The use of herbs during pregnancy and labour is rapidly increasing because the herbs are considered to be natural and therefore free of risks. Despite of this perception, a number of herbs have been reported to have negative effects to the new-borns and the mothers. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with the use of herbs during labour among women in Mwanza, Tanzania.Methods: The study involved women who delivered at Bugando Medical Centre and Sekou Toure Hospital in Mwanza, north-western Tanzania. Data were collected using questionnaires. Comparison of prevalence of herb use by various factors was done. Results: A total of 178 women were involved in the study. The mean age of participants was 26.6 ± 5.4 years. The prevalence of herb use was found to be 23.0%. The use of herbs was significantly associated with marital status (p = 0.011) and the use during previous deliveries (p = 0.000).Conclusion: The study findings signify that, about a quarter of women in Mwanza use herbs during childbirth and the use encourages recurrent use of these herbs in subsequent pregnancies. A large scale survey is recommended to determine the extent of use of traditional herbs during pregnancy and childbirth countrywide. Studies to determine the toxic profile of the herbs which are used are also needed so as to address the matter to the community.
Life threatening arrhythmias: Knowledge and skills among nurses working in critical care settings at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Ruhwanya Dinnah I. , Tarimo Edith A.M. , Ndile Menti 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: A life threatening arrhythmia is a medical condition that requires immediate intervention, or it can cost a patient’s life. However, there is limited understanding of nurses’ knowledge and skills in identification and care provided to patients with life threatening arrhythmias in Tanzania. The objective of this study was to assess knowledge and skills of nurses in identifying life threatening arrhythmias and the required patient care.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the knowledge and skill level of nurses in identification of life threatening arrhythmias and the required patient care, as well as exploring the barriers in acquiring and implementing particular knowledge and skills. A convenient sample of 141 nurses working in critical care areas at Muhimbili National Hospital, were recruited.Results: The majority (44%) of the participants were 31-40 years old and more than three quarters were females. The majority (60%) scored highly when tested about their knowledge of life threatening arrhythmia identification. However, the majority of nurses (84.4%) scored poorly when being observed on their skills. A total of 116 (82.3%) nurses were able to identify asystole on an electrocardiogram strip, and demonstrated a high level of knowledge (95%) in the nursing care of patients in asystole. Although they demonstrated poor skills in general, nurses were competent (97.9%) in electrode placement on the patient’s chest before connecting the patient to the cardiac monitor. The overwhelming workload was identified by many (68.8%) as the major barrier in acquiring and implementing knowledge and skills.Conclusion: Although the majority of the participants scored highly in their level of knowledge regarding life threatening arrhythmias, they scored poorly in most of the observed skills when identifying and treating this patient group. It is important that hospital administration take into consideration the identified areas of deficiency and work to improve the skills among nurses and enhance optimal care of patients.