bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT IN EUROPE – BUSINESS CYCLES, CRISES, AND POLICY RESPONSES
Authors: Vutsova Albena , Arabadzhieva Martina , Yalamov Todor 
Published: November 2021

Purpose: The goal of the paper is to analyse in which countries’ youth unemployment is statistically pro or countercyclical and how crises in the last decade have affected it. What would the plausible explanations for diverging patterns within the EU and other European countries be? In what terms is the young people’s labour market across Europe imbalanced?
Methodology: The paper builds on Gontkovicova et al.’s (2015) analysis of correlations between GDP growth and youth unemployment on an annual basis by adding more indicators and considering the quarterly basis as well. The quantitative approach is enriched by qualitative insights on Southeast European countries studied within the Erasmus+ YouthCap project (CRA, 2020).
Findings: Most of the countercyclical youth unemployment trends in the last 20 years are observed in Eastern European countries (Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia). From Western European countries Iceland, Denmark and Portugal are countercyclical. The most resilient countries in terms of COVID-19 are North Macedonia, Serbia, Turkey and Iceland, which were able to reduce youth unemployment during the coronavirus crisis (Q3 in 2019 and 2020). Plausible policy reactions have been identified based on the concept of learning societies and the need for continuous education.
Practical implications: The paper argues why localised policy responses could be more effective than a centralised solution. However, increased coordination and standardisation of secondary and higher education could lead to increased youth labour migration.
Originality/value: The paper combines a more traditional quantitative approach to the most recent data series with the qualitative approach of identifying various micro-trends by looking at selected outlier countries.
DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED BY NURSE STUDENTS WHEN WORKING WITH ELDERLY PEOPLE
Authors: Andonova Albena , Nikolova Mima , Kyuchukova Silviya , Ivanova Koni 
Published: November 2021

During the training process, nurse students acquire knowledge, skills and competencies to work with different groups of patients. Working with elderly people has its difficulties and specificities. The acquisition of practical skills by students for planning and documenting individual health care for the elderly people is a process in which teachers and mentors have a leading role.
Objectives: To identify the factors which make it difficult for nurse students to work with elderly people.
Methods: The study involved 52 3rd year nurse students – from the Faculty of Medicine of Trakia University in Bulgaria.
A questionnaire was used, including open-ended and closed-ended questions, allowing more than one answer. The data was processed mathematically and graphically.
Results: The main difficulties for students in working with the elderly people are as follows: the process of communication (92.16%), difficult perception of new information (80.64%) and memory impairment in the elderly patient (61.44%); The main difficulties related to the organization of activity - insufficient experience in working with geriatric patients (92.16%); insufficient time for communication with patients (94.08%); lack of comfort in the patient's home (57.60%); a "Diary for tracking and self-monitoring of the condition" of an elderly person - it is very useful for 90.24% of students so that they can monitor the condition of the elderly person; It was found that 65.28% of students do not want to work with elderly people, as 46.09% of them indicate the motive for this as mental strain.
Conclusion: The teacher and the mentor are leading figures in preparing students to work with elderly people. The practical preparation for planning and documenting individual health care for elderly people is very important in the training process of nurse students.
PARANEOPLASTIC ECZEMA AS AN INITIAL MANIFESTATION OF A RENAL CELL CARCINOMA
Authors: B. Georgieva Vanya , V. Markova Tsvetelina 
Published: November 2021

Paraneoplastic skin manifestations are well-known accompanying disorders in cases with a malignant tumor. If not treated, some may lead to serious disability. In fact, these conditions disappear after the tumor removal. Plantar hyperkeratosis as the first manifestation of clearcell renal cell carcinoma has not been reported. We present a patient with severe untreatable hyperkeratosis of the soles of the feet. The paraneoplastic etiology of the eczema was suggested, and a left kidney tumor was diagnosed and operated. Rapid improvement of the keratoderma eczema was observed within a week of the tumor removal. The patient has no local and distant metastases.
Paraneoplastic skin manifestations as initial syndromes of malignant disease can help in the early diagnosis of cancer at a stage that allows complete cure.
THE EXPERIENCE OF A NEWLY IMPLEMENTED ONLINE LEARNING PLATFORM FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS
Authors: Ruxandra Otelea Marina , Juganaru Elena , Maria Balan Ana , Viorel Vilceleanu Bogdan , Merlusca Elena , Rascu Agripina 
Published: November 2021

INTRODUCTION: In the context of the current public health emergency, an adequate adjustment imposed a transition from a conservative approach to medical education to online teaching and interaction. E-learning also brought advantages to the students, which were assessed in this survey in order to learn how to keep and benefit from them in the future.
METHODS: the data was collected through a questionnaire which included general data (gender, year of study) and the self-perceived progress. Specific questions addressed the quality of the teacher-student communication, or the advantages e-learning offered, while the platform's functionalities were analyzed through a five-point scale.
RESULTS: Among the 536 respondents, 99.81% mentioned at least one feature used specifically in the online training that would be valuable to retain in the future. Students perceiving progress better than expected had a higher appreciation of the e-learning tools. Gender differences in opinion were only correlated with the standardization of the studying process. While time management was accepted as a main advantage, 25% of the participants considered the overall communication better than before. A major disapproval regarding online communication was encountered in years 3, 4, and 5, while the desire to continue the communication through the existing platform was the highest in the first and last year of study.
CONCLUSION: Even in a blended learning process, the digital delivery of medical training needs further improvement and adaptation in order to align with the fast-developing society and its expectations.
SELF-EFFICACY AMONG STUDENTS IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS DURING ONLINE LEARNING SELF-EFFICACY AMONG STUDENTS IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS DURING ONLINE LEARNING
Authors: Levterova-Gadjalova Dora , Tsokov Galin 
Published: November 2021

Distance learning around the world has set new requirements for educational institutions and particularly for the students. Self-efficacy is one of the essential factors for success. Self-efficacy in an online learning environment is related to the confidence in one's ability to succeed, knowledge and ability to use the technology, and the casualness of success in the new education model, which is evolving rapidly from Education 2.0. to Education 4.0. A survey was conducted among 134 students from higher educational institutions (HEIs). The results of the study demonstrate that self-assessment, emotional responses, motivation for academic success, and self-referential information of students in HEIs regarding the learning content are unstable. A rise in the knowledge and usage of various electronic devices and electronic resources has been reported along with a rise in cognitive load. There is an effect of cognitive distortion on mastering the learning content and setting more challenging goals in terms of the transition from the traditional model of learning to distance learning and on their learning competencies .
DISTANCE FORMS OF CRISIS INTERVENTION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Masariková Anna , Markovič Daniel , Šrobárová Soňa 
Published: November 2021

In the current pandemic period caused by COVID-19, the availability of distance forms of social services is exceedingly important. Crisis intervention performed in a distance format helps a person experiencing an acute crisis via telephone and online form of assistance. The paper's primary aim was to find out the use of distance crisis intervention services during the COVID-19 pandemic in Slovakia, to clarify what needs are prioritized for respondents at this time, the type of social problems they turn to crisis intervention and the usability of crisis lines during the pandemic. The quantitative survey was carried out in the form of an anonymous questionnaire, which was available only in electronic form via Google forms, and the respondents were addressed on social networks. The questionnaire was filled in by 291 respondents. Based on the processed data, the distance form of assistance is a little-sought option in solving social problems related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our recommendation is to support and promote the distance form of assistance more through advertising or financial support – especially considering that many crises could not be dealt with on the part of respondents or the helplines themselves.
Obstacle Avoidance Using CTC and Virtual Structure for Leader-Follower Formation on Mobile Robot
Authors: Zulkarnain Maskhur , Agustinah Trihastuti 
Published: November 2021

This research examined the development of the combination of virtual structure and leader-follower as an obstacle avoidance method in the formation control of a mobile robot. The formation of the robots are designed with the Separation Bearing Control (SBC) approach between the leader robot (RL) and the virtual robot (RV). The virtual robot is used as a virtual follower and a reference trajectory for the follower robot (RF). When the follower robot detects an obstacle, the follower robot trajectory is adjusted using a trajectory planner for obstacle avoidance. After passing the obstacle, the follower robot will track its position back in formation using virtual robot position and heading as reference. Leader robot and follower are perturbed by disturbances. In order to ensure the achievement of small error tracking, a controller is designed using the integration of kinematic and dynamics controllers with disturbance observer. The kinematic and dynamics controllers are designed using input-output linearisation (IOL) method and computed torque control (CTC). The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the simulation result.Keywords: CTC, leader follower, obstacle avoidance, SBC, virtual structure.
Wind lidar signal denoising method based on singular value decomposition and variational mode decomposition
Authors: Dai Huixing , Gao Chunqing , Lin Zhifeng , Wang Kaixin , Zhang Xu 
Published: November 2021

A denoising method based on singular value decomposition (SVD) and variational mode decomposition (VMD) is proposed for wind lidar. Utilizing the covariance matrix based lidar signal simulation model, the performance of VMD, SVD, and VMD-SVD is evaluated. The results show that the VMD-SVD method is of better performance, and the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is about 12 dB at the input SNR of

−

9

d
B

. The actual lidar signals processing is performed with this combined denoising method, and the detection range and wind speed at pulse accumulation numbers of 50,100, and 300 are compared. We set the wind speed resulting from noisy signal with pulse accumulation number of 300 as the reference wind speed, and the mean value and standard deviation of wind differences are analyzed. The results show that the denoising method can not only increase the detection range while ensuring the accuracy of wind speed estimation but also achieve the same detection distance with fewer pulse accumulations, thereby improving the temporal resolution. For the pulse accumulation number of 50, the detection range is extended to 24 km from 18.45 km, and the standard deviation of speed difference is 0.88 m/s; for the same detection range, the temporal resolution is increased by about 6 times.
Compact passively Q-switched single-frequency distributed Bragg reflector fiber laser at 2.0  µm
Authors: Fang Siyuan , Zhou Bilei , Guan Zhe , Yang Changsheng , Zhao Qilai , Lin Wei , Feng Zhouming , Xu Shanhui 
Published: November 2021

Based mainly on the distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) short linear cavity with a 1.6-cm-long heavily

T
m

3
+

-doped germanate glass fiber and semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM), a compact passively

Q

-switched single-frequency fiber laser at around 1950 nm is demonstrated experimentally. By comparing pulse characters of

Q

-switched operations fulfilled via SESAMs with different parameters, a stable output pulse is optimized to deliver a maximum average power of 22.2 mW, a peak power of 0.67 W, and an optical signal-to-noise ratio over 61 dB. Moreover, the repetition rate of the output pulse can be tuned from 92 to 520 kHz with a narrowest pulse width of 64 ns. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a 2.0 µm passively

Q

-switched single-frequency DBR

T
m

3
+

-doped fiber laser has been realized, and it shows great potential application in remote sensing, biomedical science, and nonlinear optics.
On the validity domain of maximum likelihood estimators for depth-of-field extension in single-molecule localization microscopy
Authors: Lévêque Olivier , Kulcsár Caroline , Lee Antony , Bon Pierre , Cognet Laurent , Goudail François 
Published: November 2021

Localization microscopy approaches with enhanced depth-of-field (EDoF) are commonly optimized using the Cramér–Rao bound (CRB) as a criterion. It is widely believed that the CRB can be attained in practice by using the maximum-likelihood estimator (MLE). This is, however, an approximation, of which we define in this paper the precise domain of validity. Exploring a wide range of settings and noise levels, we show that the MLE is efficient when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is such that the localization standard deviation of a single molecule is less than 20 nm. Thus, our results provide an explicit and quantitative validity boundary for the use of the MLE in EDoF localization microscopy setups optimized with the CRB.
Modelltheoretischer Vergleich zwischen der Immobilienbesteuerung im Privatvermögen und in einer vermögensverwaltenden Kapitalgesellschaft
Authors: Bachmann Carmen , Ertl Julia , Gebhardt Johannes , Seifert Christopher 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungDas deutsche Steuerrecht bietet für private Immobilieninvestoren zwei grundsätzliche Optionen der Vermögenszuordnung: Die Investition kann dem Privatvermögen zugeordnet oder über eine (im Privatvermögen gehaltene) vermögensverwaltende Personen- oder Kapitalgesellschaft organisiert werden. Mit den Alternativen sind jeweils unterschiedliche steuerliche Konsequenzen verbunden. Bei der Zuordnung zum Privatvermögen kann der Steuerpflichtige nach Ablauf einer Haltefrist von einer nicht steuerbaren Veräußerung profitieren. Der Vorteil einer vermögensverwaltenden Immobiliengesellschaft liegt dagegen in einer begünstigten Besteuerung der laufenden Einkünfte, da hier unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen eine vollständige Freistellung von der Gewerbesteuer beantragt werden kann. Der vorliegende Beitrag analysiert anhand einer modelltheoretischen Untersuchung die Vorteilhaftigkeit der Investitionsformen im Hinblick auf die ertragsteuerliche Gesamtbelastung. Hierzu werden die beiden Investitionsformen in Abhängigkeit von unterschiedlichen Parametern (Investitionszeitraum, Finanzierungsform, Wertsteigerung, Mietrendite etc.) mit Hilfe der Kapitalwertmethode gegenübergestellt. Der Aufsatz dient so als Entscheidungshilfe bei privaten Immobilieninvestitionen.
Relationship between psychological capital and quality of life among seniors working after retirement: The mediating role of hope of success
Authors: Jurek Krzysztof , Niewiadomska Iwona 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionAs a result of the increasing average human life expectancy and the related population growth in many countries, research on factors increasing seniors’ quality of life is becoming particularly important. An event critical for seniors’ functioning is retirement. A concept reflecting the dynamics of seniors’ personality associated with the changes taking place in their life situation is psychological capital. This concept was identified as a factor that is constituted by four personality variables changing because of experiences: self-efficacy, optimism, psychological resilience, and hope of success. An interesting issue is the relationship between psychological capital and quality of life in seniors working after retirement.AimThe aim of this paper was to analyze the relationship between psychological capital (self-efficacy, dispositional optimism, psychological resilience) and quality of life in seniors working after retirement, as well as the mediating role of hope of success in this relationship.MethodsA total of 304 seniors—103 women and 201 men—participated in the study. The mean age was 65.24. The Quality-of-Life Scale (CASP-19), the Polish adaptation of Life Orientation Test (LOT-R), the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), the Hope of Success Questionnaire (KNS), and polish adaptation of the Resilience Assessment Scale (SPP-25) were employed in the research. A mediation model was applied to explore the pathway from psychological capital via hope of success to quality of life.ResultsThe tested components of psychological capital correlate positively with working senior citizens’ quality of life. The mediating role of hope of success between psychological capital and quality of life was confirmed. The study presented three mechanisms in which hope of success strengthens the relationships between the components of psychological capital and working senior citizens’ quality of life.ConclusionsThe mediating role of hope of success between the remaining components of psychological capital and quality of life confirms pattern posited in the COR theory, namely, that increasing one resource leads to the activation of others, which results in a spiral of personal resources being generated. One the one hand, people who have greater resources have a greater capacity for generating spirals of gains. One the other hand, individuals who lack personal resources are both more exposed to losing them and less capable of starting a spiral of gains in resources.
Prioritizing supports and services to help older adults age in place: A Delphi study comparing the perspectives of family/friend care partners and healthcare stakeholders
Authors: Campbell Megan , Stewart Tara , Brunkert Thekla , Campbell-Enns Heather , Gruneir Andrea , Halas Gayle , Hoben Matthias , Scott Erin , Wagg Adrian , Doupe Malcolm 
Published: November 2021

Background
Aging in place (AIP) is a policy strategy designed to help older adults remain in their community. While planners internationally have modified aspects of the older adult care continuum (e.g., home care, assisted living, nursing homes) to facilitate AIP, further improvements to community-based supports and services are also required. This study compared and constrasted the community-based factors (e.g., supports, services and personal strategies or characteristics) that family/friend care partners and healthcare stakeholders (i.e., planners/providers) view as most important to help older adults successfully AIP.

Methods
An initial list of factors shown to influence AIP was created from the academic literature. These factors were used to develop a Delphi survey implemented separately on care partners and healthcare stakeholders. Respondents rated the importance of each factor using a 10-point Likert Scale (1 = not important; 10 = absolutely critical). Consensus in each group was defined when at least 80% of participants scored a factor ≥8 (“very important”), with an interquartile range ≤2. Respondents suggested additional factors during Delphi round one.

Results
Care partners (N = 25) and healthcare stakeholders (N = 36) completed two and three Delphi rounds, respectively. These groups independently agreed that the following 3 (out of 27) factors were very important to help older adults age in place: keeping one’s home safe, maintaining strong inter-personal relationships, and coordinating care across formal providers. While healthcare stakeholders did not reach consensus on other factors, care partners agreed that 7 additional factors (e.g., access to affordable housing, having mental health programs) were important for AIP.

Conclusions
Compared to healthcare stakeholders, care partners felt that more and diverse community-based factors are important to support older adults to successfully AIP. Future research should replicate these findings in other jurisdictions, examine the availability and accessibility of the priority factors, and develop sustainable solutions to enhance their effectiveness.
A mixed-methods systematic review of post-viral fatigue interventions: Are there lessons for long Covid?
Authors: Fowler-Davis Sally , Platts Katharine , Thelwell Michael , Woodward Amie , Harrop Deborah 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesFatigue syndromes have been widely observed following post-viral infection and are being recognised because of Covid19. Interventions used to treat and manage fatigue have been widely researched and this study aims to synthesise the literature associated with fatigue interventions to investigate the outcomes that may be applicable to ‘long Covid’.MethodThe study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020214209) in October 2020 and five electronic databases were searched. Papers were screened, critically appraised and data extracted from studies that reported outcomes of fatigue interventions for post-viral syndromes. The narrative synthesis includes statistical analysis associated with effectiveness and then identifies the characteristics of the interventions, including identification of transferable learning for the treatment of fatigue in long Covid. An expert panel supported critical appraisal and data synthesis.ResultsOver 7,000 research papers revealed a diverse range of interventions and fatigue outcome measures. Forty papers were selected for data extraction after final screening. The effectiveness of all interventions was assessed according to mean differences (MD) in measured fatigue severity between each experimental group and a control following the intervention, as well as standardised mean differences as an overall measure of effect size. Analyses identified a range of effects–from most effective MD -39.0 [95% CI -51.8 to -26.2] to least effective MD 42.28 [95% CI 33.23 to 51.34]–across a range of interventions implemented with people suffering varying levels of fatigue severity. Interventions were multimodal with a range of supportive therapeutic methods and varied in intensity and requirements of the participants. Those in western medical systems tended to be based on self- management and education principles (i.e., group cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT).ConclusionFindings suggest that the research is highly focussed on a narrow participant demographic and relatively few methods are effective in managing fatigue symptoms. Selected literature reported complex interventions using self-rating fatigue scales that report effect. Synthesis suggests that long Covid fatigue management may be beneficial when a) physical and psychological support, is delivered in groups where people can plan their functional response to fatigue; and b) where strengthening rather than endurance is used to prevent deconditioning; and c) where fatigue is regarded in the context of an individual’s lifestyle and home-based activities are used.