bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the spatiotemporal generalization of machine learning and ensemble models for simulating built‐up land expansion
Authors: Shafizadeh‐Moghadam Hossein , Valavi Roozbeh , Asghari Ali , Minaei Masoud , Murayama Yuji 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study evaluates the spatiotemporal generalization of statistical and machine learning models to simulate built‐up land expansion and compare it to ensemble approaches. Integrated with cellular automata, six individual models—artificial neural networks, support vector machines (SVM), random forest (RF), boosted regression trees, the generalized additive model, the lasso, and two ensemble approaches called ensemble median and ensemble weighted area under the curve—were implemented. Each model was calibrated based on data from 1975–1990, and their extrapolation power was evaluated for 1990–1996, 1996–2000, 2000–2011, and 2011–2017. Total operating characteristics revealed that the RF model achieved the highest calibration accuracy and the highest performance loss during the validation period. The lowest calibration accuracy was related to the SVM model, yet its performance during the validation period increased. In the third time interval (1996–2002), the highest accuracy was again related to the SVM model. A sharp drop in simulation accuracy was seen in all models during the fourth (2002–2011) and fifth intervals (2011–2017). None of the ensemble models appeared to be superior to the individual models. Further, the accuracy of built‐up land expansion models drops noticeably for long‐term simulations.
RELIGIOUS NATURALISM AND CREATION: A COSMOLOGICAL AND THEOLOGICAL READING ON THE ORIGIN/BEGINNING OF THE UNIVERSE
Authors: Mantini Alessandro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAccording to the reconceptualization of science that emerged in the twentieth century, our approach to nature is changing. There is a calling for an enlarged rationality and for a multilevel analysis of the Cosmos around us, because the reality itself shows new depths and complexities, while new methodologies in the scientific research, such as cross‐disciplinary and multi‐messenger, are necessary. In this epistemological change of paradigm, escaping from empiricism, mechanistic determinism, reductionism, and relativism, appears “natural” the reference to metaphysics and to theology exactly because we need to get outside and to “open the system” to obtain better and more complete descriptions. Theology, referring to the Revealed Personal God as Trinity and Unity and in particular Christology, mostly with Incarnation, adds the conditions for a “natural” landing in a profound and rich cross‐disciplinary study concerning the beginning and origin of the Universe. We will explore these passages for an integrated and encompassing reading of the Universe.
Sex-Related Differences in the Association of Fundamental Movement Skills and Health and Behavioral Outcomes in Children
Authors: Hill Phillip J. , McNarry Melitta A. , Lester Leanne , Foweather Lawrence , Boddy Lynne M. , Fairclough Stuart J. , Mackintosh Kelly A. 
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to assess whether sex moderates the association of fundamental movement skills and health and behavioral outcomes. In 170 children (10.6 ±0.3 years; 98 girls), path analysis was used to assess the associations of fundamental movement skills (Get Skilled, Get Active) with perceived sports competence (Children and Youth—Physical Self-Perception Profile), time spent in vigorous-intensity physical activity, sedentary time, and body mass index z score. For boys, object control skill competence had a direct association with perceived sports competence (β = 0.39; 95% confidence interval, CI [0.21, 0.57]) and an indirect association with sedentary time, through perceived sports competence (β = −0.19; 95% CI [−0.09, −0.32]). No significant association was observed between fundamental movement skills and perceived sports competence for girls, although locomotor skills were found to predict vigorous-intensity physical activity (β = 0.18; 95% CI [0.08, 0.27]). Perceived sports competence was associated with sedentary time, with this being stronger for boys (β = −0.48; 95% CI [−0.64, −0.31]) than girls (β = −0.29; 95% CI [−0.39, −0.19]). The study supports a holistic approach to health-related interventions and highlights a key association of perceived sports competence and the time children spend sedentary.
Prescribed footwear and orthoses are not prophylactic in preventing lower extremity injuries in military tactical athletes: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Paradise Scott L , Beer J R , Cruz C A , Fechner K M , MacGregor A J , Fraser J J 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionMilitary members are exposed to high cumulative physical loads that frequently lead to injury. Prescribed footwear and orthoses have been used to prevent injury. The purpose of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to assess if prescribed prophylactic footwear or foot orthoses reduced the risk of lower extremity injury in military tactical athletes.MethodsMEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, SportDiscus, and Defense Technical Information Center databases were searched for randomised controlled trials published at any time that compared foot orthoses or prescribed footwear (to include shock-absorbing insoles and socks) with a placebo intervention or a no-treatment control. Methodological quality was assessed and the number of injuries, population at risk and duration of the study epoch were extracted and relative risk (RR) calculated. An omnibus meta-analysis was performed assessing all prescribed footwear and orthoses intervention studies, with subgroup analyses conducted on studies with similar interventions (ie, basketball athletic shoes, athletic shoes (prescribed by foot type), foot orthoses, shock-absorbing insoles, socks, tropical combat boots).ResultsOf 1673 studies identified, 22 were included. Three of eight studies that employed orthoses demonstrated significantly reduced overuse injuries compared with no-treatment controls (RR range: 0.34–0.68); one study showed neoprene insoles significantly decreased overuse injuries (RR: 0.75). There were no other significant effects in the individual studies and no protective effects observed in the omnibus meta-analysis or in the component subanalyses.ConclusionsPrescribed footwear and orthoses do not appear to have a prophylactic effect on lower quarter musculoskeletal injuries in military members and cannot be recommended at this time.
Invasive versus medically managed acute coronary syndromes with prior bypass (CABG-ACS): insights into the registry versus randomised trial populations
Authors: Lee Matthew M Y , Petrie Mark C , Rocchiccioli Paul , Simpson Joanne , Jackson Colette E , Corcoran David S , Mangion Kenneth , Brown Ammani , Cialdella Pio , Sidik Novalia P , McEntegart Margaret B , Shaukat Aadil , Rae Alan P , Hood Stuart H M , Peat Eileen E , Findlay Iain N , Murphy Clare L , Cormack Alistair J , Bukov Nikolay B , Balachandran Kanarath P , Ford Ian , Wu Olivia , McConnachie Alex , Barry Sarah J E , Berry Colin 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundCoronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients are under-represented in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) trials. We compared characteristics and outcomes for patients who did and did not participate in a randomised trial of invasive versus non-invasive management (CABG-ACS).MethodsACS patients with prior CABG in four hospitals were randomised to invasive or non-invasive management. Non-randomised patients entered a registry. Primary efficacy (composite of all-cause mortality, rehospitalisation for refractory ischaemia/angina, myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure) and safety outcomes (composite of bleeding, stroke, procedure-related MI, worsening renal function) were independently adjudicated.ResultsOf 217 patients screened, 84 (39%) screenfailed, of whom 24 (29%) did not consent and 60 (71%) were ineligible. Of 133 (61%) eligible, 60 (mean±SD age, 71±9 years, 72% male) entered the trial and 73 (age, 72±10 years, 73% male) entered a registry (preferences: physician (79%), patient (38%), both (21%)).Compared with trial participants, registry patients had more valve disease, lower haemoglobin, worse New York Heart Association class and higher frailty.At baseline, invasive management was performed in 52% and 49% trial and registry patients, respectively, of whom 32% and 36% had percutaneous coronary intervention at baseline, respectively (p=0.800). After 2 years follow-up (694 (median, IQR 558–841) days), primary efficacy (43% trial vs 49% registry (HR 1.14, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.89)) and safety outcomes (28% trial vs 22% registry (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.37 to 1.46)) were similar. EuroQol was lower in registry patients at 1 year.ConclusionsCompared with trial participants, registry participants had excess morbidity, but longer-term outcomes were similar.Trial registration numberNCT01895751.
OpenSAFELY: impact of national guidance on switching anticoagulant therapy during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors:   The OpenSAFELY Collaborative, Curtis Helen J , MacKenna Brian , Walker Alex J , Croker Richard , Mehrkar Amir , Morton Caroline , Bacon Seb , Hickman George , Inglesby Peter , Bates Chris , Evans David , Ward Tom , Cockburn Jonathan , Davy Simon , Bhaskaran Krishnan , Schultze Anna , Rentsch Christopher T , Williamson Elizabeth , Hulme William , Tomlinson Laurie , Mathur Rohini , Drysdale Henry , Eggo Rosalind M , Wong Angel Yun , Forbes Harriet , Parry John , Hester Frank , Harper Sam , Douglas Ian , Smeeth Liam , Goldacre Ben 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundEarly in the COVID-19 pandemic, the National Health Service (NHS) recommended that appropriate patients anticoagulated with warfarin should be switched to direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs), requiring less frequent blood testing. Subsequently, a national safety alert was issued regarding patients being inappropriately coprescribed two anticoagulants following a medication change and associated monitoring.ObjectiveTo describe which people were switched from warfarin to DOACs; identify potentially unsafe coprescribing of anticoagulants; and assess whether abnormal clotting results have become more frequent during the pandemic.MethodsWith the approval of NHS England, we conducted a cohort study using routine clinical data from 24 million NHS patients in England.Results20 000 of 164 000 warfarin patients (12.2%) switched to DOACs between March and May 2020, most commonly to edoxaban and apixaban. Factors associated with switching included: older age, recent renal function test, higher number of recent INR tests recorded, atrial fibrillation diagnosis and care home residency. There was a sharp rise in coprescribing of warfarin and DOACs from typically 50–100 per month to 246 in April 2020, 0.06% of all people receiving a DOAC or warfarin. International normalised ratio (INR) testing fell by 14% to 506.8 patients tested per 1000 warfarin patients each month. We observed a very small increase in elevated INRs (n=470) during April compared with January (n=420).ConclusionsIncreased switching of anticoagulants from warfarin to DOACs was observed at the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic in England following national guidance. There was a small but substantial number of people coprescribed warfarin and DOACs during this period. Despite a national safety alert on the issue, a widespread rise in elevated INR test results was not found. Primary care has responded rapidly to changes in patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Quantitative Investigation of Hand Grasp Functionality: Thumb Grasping Behavior Adapting to Different Object Shapes, Sizes, and Relative Positions
Authors: Liu Yuan , Zeng Bo , Jiang Li , Liu Hong , Ming Dong 
Published: November 2021

This paper is the first in the two-part series quantitatively modelling human grasp functionality and understanding the way human grasp objects. The aim is to investigate the thumb movement behavior influenced by object shapes, sizes, and relative positions. Ten subjects were requested to grasp six objects (

3

shapes
×
2

sizes

) in 27 different relative positions (

3

X

deviation
×
3

Y

deviation
×
3

Z

deviation

). Thumb postures were investigated to each specific joint. The relative position (

X

,

Y

, and

Z

deviation) significantly affects thumb opposition rotation (Rot) and flexion (interphalangeal (IP) and metacarpo-phalangeal (MCP)), while the object property (object shape and size) significantly affects thumb abduction/adduction (ABD) motion. Based on the

F

value, the

Y

deviation has the primary effects on thumb motion. When the

Y

deviation changing from proximal to distal, thumb opposition rotation (Rot) and flexion (IP and MCP joint) angles were increased and decreased, respectively. For principal component analysis (PCA) results, thumb grasp behavior can be accurately reconstructed by first two principal components (PCs) which variance explanation ratio reached 93.8% and described by the inverse and homodromous coordination movement between thumb opposition and IP flexion. This paper provides a more comprehensive understanding of thumb grasp behavior. The postural synergies can reproduce the anthropomorphic motion, reduce the robot hardware, and control dimensionality. All of these provide a more accurate and general basis for the design and control of the bionic thumb and novel wearable assistant robot, thumb function assessment, and rehabilitation.
Sensory Behaviours and Resting Parasympathetic Functions among Children with and without ADHD
Authors: Gomez Ivan Neil , Domondon Lissa Martha , Tsang Hector WH , Chan Chetwyn CH , Lai Cynthia YY 
Published: November 2021

Previous studies suggest that parasympathetic functions support sensory behaviours. However, the relationship between sensory behaviours and parasympathetic functions remain inconclusive and inconsistent among children with and without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This research aims to examine the sensory behaviours and resting parasympathetic functions among children with and without ADHD. We compared sensory behaviours and baseline parasympathetic functions of 64 participants, with 42 typically developing and 24 ADHD male children aged 7–12 years. Sensory behaviours were evaluated using the sensory profile. Baseline parasympathetic functions were indexed using the normalized unit of heart rate variability high-frequency bands (HF n.u.). Children underwent an experimental protocol consisting of watching a silent cartoon movie while HF n.u. is continuously monitored, within a controlled environment. The results of this research showed significantly lower HF n.u. (t(64) = 7.84,

p
<
0.01

) and sensory processing total score (t(64) = 14.13 =

p
<
0.01

) among children with ADHD compared to their typically developing peers. Likewise, a significant moderate positive correlation (r = 0.36,

p
<
0.05

) was found between the HF n.u. and sensory profile total scores among children with ADHD. Children with ADHD have significantly lower resting state parasympathetic functions compared to their typically developing peers.
Artificial Intelligence Algorithm-Based Computed Tomography Images in the Evaluation of the Curative Effect of Enteral Nutrition after Neonatal High Intestinal Obstruction Operation
Authors: Dong Yanqing , Wang Zhaolong , Zhang Zhiguang , Niu Bobo , Chen Pan , Zhang Pengju , Niu Huizhong 
Published: November 2021

In this study, CT image technology based on level set intelligent segmentation algorithm was used to evaluate the postoperative enteral nutrition of neonatal high intestinal obstruction and analyze the clinical treatment effect of high intestinal obstruction, so as to provide a reasonable research basis for the clinical application of neonatal high intestinal obstruction. 60 children with high intestinal obstruction treated in the hospital were selected as the research objects. Based on the postoperative enteral nutrition treatment, they were divided into control group (noncatheterization group)-parenteral nutrition support. In the observation group, gastric tube was placed through nose for nutritional support. Then, CT images based on level set segmentation algorithm were used to compare the intestinal recovery of the two groups, and the biochemical indexes and hospitalization were compared. The level set algorithm can accurately segment the lesions in CT images. The segmentation time of the level set algorithm was shorter than that of the traditional algorithm (24.34 ± 2.01 s vs. 75.21 ± 5.91 s), and the segmentation accuracy was higher than that of the traditional algorithm (84.71 ± 3.91% vs. 70.04 ± 3.71%,

P

< 0.05). The weight of children in the observation group (100 ± 7 g) was higher than that in the control group (54 ± 5 g), and the ICU monitoring time (12.01 ± 2.65 days) and the hospital stay (17.82 ± 3.11 days) were shorter than those in the control group (13.42 ± 2.95 days, 19.13 ± 3.22 days, all

P

< 0.05). The level set segmentation algorithm can accurately segment the CT image, so that the disease location and its contour can be displayed more clearly. Moreover, the nasal placement of jejunal nutrition tube can effectively improve the intestinal function of children, maintain the steady-state environment of intestinal bacterial growth, and significantly improve the clinical treatment effect, which is worthy of clinical application and promotion.
The Origins of Phenotypic Heterogeneity in Cancer
Authors: Lenz Guido , Onzi Giovana R. , Lenz Luana S. , Buss Julieti H. , dos Santos Jephesson A. , Begnini Karine R. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Heterogeneity is a pervasive feature of cancer, and understanding the sources and regulatory mechanisms underlying heterogeneity could provide key insights to help improve the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. In this review, we discuss the origin of heterogeneity in the phenotype of individual cancer cells. Genotype–phenotype (G–P) maps are widely used in evolutionary biology to represent the complex interactions of genes and the environment that lead to phenotypes that impact fitness. Here, we present the rationale of an extended G–P (eG–P) map with a cone structure in cancer. The eG–P cone is formed by cells that are similar at the genome layer but gradually increase variability in the epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, and signalome layers to produce large variability at the phenome layer. Experimental evidence from single-cell-omics analyses supporting the cancer eG–P cone concept is presented, and the impact of epimutations and the interaction of cancer and tumor microenvironmental eG–P cones are integrated with the current understanding of cancer biology. The eG–P cone concept uncovers potential therapeutic strategies to reduce cancer evolution and improve cancer treatment. More methods to study phenotypes in single cells will be the key to better understand cancer cell fitness in tumor biology and therapeutics.
Association between Coffee Consumption and Risk of Prostate Cancer in Japanese Men: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Japan
Authors: Imatoh Takuya , Sawada Norie , Yamaji Taiki , Iwasaki Motoki , Inoue Manami , Tsugane Shoichiro 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background:
Although numerous epidemiological studies have examined whether coffee consumption is associated with prostate cancer risk, the results remain controversial. Moreover, there are few studies in Asian populations. Therefore, we investigated the association between coffee consumption and the risk of prostate cancer in a large-scale prospective population-based cohort study in Japan.

Methods:
Study subjects were 48,222 men (40–69 years) who completed a questionnaire that included questions about their coffee consumption in 1990 for Cohort I and 1993 for Cohort II and were followed up until December 31, 2015. Newly diagnosed cases were classified into localized and advanced using information on local staging, the Gleason score, and degree of differentiation. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidential intervals (95% CI) were estimated using Cox regression analysis.

Results:
A total of 1,617 participants were newly diagnosed with prostate cancer during a mean follow-up period of 18.8 years. Of these, 1,099 and 461 patients had localized and advanced cancer, respectively. There was no association between coffee intake and prostate cancer risk. Comparison between the highest and lowest category of coffee consumption produced HRs of 1.08 (95% CI, 0.90–1.30), 1.08 (95% CI, 0.84–1.38), and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.67–1.47) for risk of total, localized, and advanced cancer, respectively. The same results were obtained even when we limited the analysis to patients with subjective symptoms.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that coffee consumption has no impact on prostate cancer risk in Japanese men.

Impact:
Coffee has no protective effects against prostate cancer among Japanese men.
Influence of Cancer Susceptibility Gene Mutations and ABO Blood Group of Pancreatic Cancer Probands on Concomitant Risk to First-Degree Relatives
Authors: Antwi Samuel O. , Rabe Kari G. , Bamlet William R. , Meyer Margaret , Chandra Shruti , Fagan Sarah E. , Hu Chunling , Couch Fergus J. , McWilliams Robert R. , Oberg Ann L. , Petersen Gloria M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background:
ABO blood group is associated with pancreatic cancer risk. Whether ABO blood group alone or when combined with inherited mutation status of index pancreatic cancer cases (probands) can enhance pancreatic cancer risk estimation in first-degree relatives (FDR) is unclear. We examined FDRs' risk for pancreatic cancer based on probands' ABO blood group and probands' cancer susceptibility gene mutation status.

Methods:
Data on 23,739 FDRs, identified through 3,268 pancreatic cancer probands, were analyzed. Probands' ABO blood groups were determined serologically or genetically, and 20 cancer susceptibility genes were used to classify probands as “mutation-positive” or “mutation-negative.” SIRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated, comparing observed pancreatic cancer cases in the FDRs with the number expected in SEER-21 (reference population).

Results:
Overall, FDRs had 2-fold risk of pancreatic cancer (SIR = 2.00; 95% CI = 1.79–2.22). Pancreatic cancer risk was higher in FDRs of mutation-positive (SIR = 3.80; 95% CI = 2.81–5.02) than mutation-negative (SIR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.57–2.04) probands (P &lt; 0.001). The magnitude of risk did not differ by ABO blood group alone (SIRblood-group-O = 1.57; 95% CI = 1.20–2.03, SIRnon-O = 1.83; 95% CI = 1.53–2.17; P = 0.33). Among FDRs of probands with non-O blood group, pancreatic cancer risk was higher in FDRs of mutation-positive (SIR = 3.98; 95% CI = 2.62–5.80) than mutation-negative (SIR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.35–2.03) probands (P &lt; 0.001), but risk magnitudes were statistically similar when probands had blood group O (SIRmutation-positive = 2.65; 95% CI = 1.09–5.47, SIRmutation-negative = 1.48; 95% CI = 1.06–5.47; P = 0.16).

Conclusions:
There is a range of pancreatic cancer risk to FDRs according to probands' germline mutation status and ABO blood group, ranging from 1.48 for FDRs of probands with blood group O and mutation-negative to 3.98 for FDRs of probands with non-O blood group and mutation-positive.

Impact:
Combined ABO blood group and germline mutation status of probands can inform pancreatic cancer risk estimation in FDRs.