bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome Stability Is in the Eye of the Beholder: CR1 Retrotransposon Activity Varies Significantly across Avian Diversity
Authors: Galbraith James D , Kortschak Robert Daniel , Suh Alexander , Adelson David L 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Since the sequencing of the zebra finch genome it has become clear that avian genomes, while largely stable in terms of chromosome number and gene synteny, are more dynamic at an intrachromosomal level. A multitude of intrachromosomal rearrangements and significant variation in transposable element (TE) content have been noted across the avian tree. TEs are a source of genome plasticity, because their high similarity enables chromosomal rearrangements through nonallelic homologous recombination, and they have potential for exaptation as regulatory and coding sequences. Previous studies have investigated the activity of the dominant TE in birds, chicken repeat 1 (CR1) retrotransposons, either focusing on their expansion within single orders, or comparing passerines with nonpasserines. Here, we comprehensively investigate and compare the activity of CR1 expansion across orders of birds, finding levels of CR1 activity vary significantly both between and within orders. We describe high levels of TE expansion in genera which have speciated in the last 10 Myr including kiwis, geese, and Amazon parrots; low levels of TE expansion in songbirds across their diversification, and near inactivity of TEs in the cassowary and emu for millions of years. CR1s have remained active over long periods of time across most orders of neognaths, with activity at any one time dominated by one or two families of CR1s. Our findings of higher TE activity in species-rich clades and dominant families of TEs within lineages mirror past findings in mammals and indicate that genome evolution in amniotes relies on universal TE-driven processes.
The effect of aortic arch replacement on pulse wave velocity after surgery
Authors: Hori Daijiro , Kusadokoro Sho , Mieno Makiko Naka , Fujimori Tomonari , Shimizu Toshikazu , Kimura Naoyuki , Yamaguchi Atsushi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in pulse wave velocity (PWV) after aortic arch repair and to evaluate possible perioperative factors associated with an increase in PWV.

METHODS
Eighty-nine patients with preoperative and postoperative PWV measurements who underwent surgical treatment for true aortic arch aneurysm were included in the study. The patients were treated by prosthetic graft replacement with or without the frozen elephant trunk technique or by hybrid surgery with a stent graft. Changes in PWV and perioperative factors were evaluated.

RESULTS
Fifty-one patients were treated by prosthetic graft replacement; 22 patients were treated with the frozen elephant trunk procedure; and 16 patients were treated by hybrid surgery. A significant increase in PWV was observed in patients undergoing surgical treatment for aortic arch aneurysm regardless of the types of operations performed (all treatments: before, 1797 ± 397.8 cm/s vs after, 2061 ± 600.4 cm/s, P &lt; 0.001; graft replacement: before, 1769 ± 398.1 cm/s vs after, 1895 ± 459.0 cm/s, P = 0.004; frozen elephant trunk procedure: before, 1911 ± 461.9 cm/s vs after 2307 ± 826.9 cm/s, P = 0.005; hybrid surgery: before, 1732 ± 273.3 cm/s vs after, 2254 ± 484.6 cm/s, P &lt; 0.001). Differences in PWV were largest in patients treated with hybrid surgery and lowest in those treated with graft replacement (P = 0.002). In univariate analysis, an increase in PWV was positively correlated with treatment length (r = 0.41; P &lt; 0.001); the use of a postoperative beta blocker was associated with a smaller increase in postoperative PWV (with: 165.0 ± 371.92 cm/s vs without: 439.4 ± 530.38 cm/s, P = 0.005). Multivariate analysis suggested that treatment length (coefficient 3.31, 95% confidence interval 0.056–6.562, P = 0.046) and postoperative beta blocker (coefficient −220.08, 95% confidence interval −401.972 to −38.183, P = 0.018) were factors independently associated with changes in PWV.

CONCLUSIONS
There was a significant increase in PWV after aortic arch repair. Treatment length and use of postoperative beta blockers were factors associated with changes in postoperative PWV. Minimizing the treatment length and using postoperative beta blockers may attenuate the effects of prostheses on postoperative PWV.
Black Church Arson in the Museum
Authors: Thomas Todne 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper explores the material and representational politics that are catalyzed by Anti-Mass, an installation made by Cornelia Parker from the remains of a burned Black church located in the deYoung Museum in San Francisco, California. Applying an attention to religious materiality (the interpretive circuit between words, bodies, and things), semiotic ideology (an approach that explores competing and ascendant meanings), and an ethnographic sensibility, I argue that three hermeneutic fields coalesced around Anti-Mass in the museum. The first interpretation is a Killmonger hermeneutic that read Anti-Mass as a profaning of Black sacred matter. The second is an Anti- hermeneutic, which sought to preserve representational openness prized by abstract expressionism. The third is a resurrection hermeneutic, which reflected popular notions of US multicultural transcendence and a more melancholic meditation on anti-Black religious violence expressed by adjacent artwork and embodied by the ethnographer herself via a lump corpothetics.
Assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinician ambulatory electronic health record use
Authors: Holmgren A Jay , Downing N Lance , Tang Mitchell , Sharp Christopher , Longhurst Christopher , Huckman Robert S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objective
The COVID-19 pandemic changed clinician electronic health record (EHR) work in a multitude of ways. To evaluate how, we measure ambulatory clinician EHR use in the United States throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods
We use EHR meta-data from ambulatory care clinicians in 366 health systems using the Epic EHR system in the United States from December 2019 to December 2020. We used descriptive statistics for clinician EHR use including active-use time across clinical activities, time after-hours, and messages received. Multivariable regression to evaluate total and after-hours EHR work adjusting for daily volume and organizational characteristics, and to evaluate the association between messages and EHR time.

Results
Clinician time spent in the EHR per day dropped at the onset of the pandemic but had recovered to higher than prepandemic levels by July 2020. Time spent actively working in the EHR after-hours showed similar trends. These differences persisted in multivariable models. In-Basket messages received increased compared with prepandemic levels, with the largest increase coming from messages from patients, which increased to 157% of the prepandemic average. Each additional patient message was associated with a 2.32-min increase in EHR time per day (P &lt; .001).

Discussion
Clinicians spent more total and after-hours time in the EHR in the latter half of 2020 compared with the prepandemic period. This was partially driven by increased time in Clinical Review and In-Basket messaging.

Conclusions
Reimbursement models and workflows for the post-COVID era should account for these demands on clinician time that occur outside the traditional visit.
Method for solving origami tessellation hole problem using triangle twist folding
Authors: Yamamoto Yohei , Nakazato Riku , Mitani Jun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Origami tessellations are geometric pieces folded from a single sheet of paper with flatly overlapped facets. Most existing origami tessellations are constructed by first marking a grid of crease lines on the paper and then arranging repeating patterns along the grid. However, this design method is limited because it cannot design origami tessellations with patterns that cannot be represented on a grid, such as a regular pentagon. This paper proposes a new construction method for origami tessellations that solves this problem and enriches these varieties. In the proposed method, a boundary of an origami tessellation is determined first, and then patterns called triangle twist fold patterns are placed inside the boundary. A similar approach is known as a hole problem, although in this paper, the problem is redefined and discussed in a form suitable for origami tessellations. As a result, a grid-independent construction method was proposed, and new origami tessellations were obtained by using software that implements the method.
Road capacity, domestic trade and regional outcomes
Authors: Coşar A Kerem , Demir Banu , Ghose Devaki , Young Nathaniel 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
What is the impact on intra-national trade and regional economic outcomes when the quality and lane-capacity of an existing paved road network is expanded significantly? We investigate this question for the case of Turkey, which undertook a large-scale public investment in roads during the 2000s. Using spatially disaggregated data on road upgrades and domestic transactions, we estimate a large positive impact of reduced travel times on trade as well as local manufacturing employment and wages. A quantitative exercise using a workhorse model of spatial equilibrium implies heterogeneous effects across locations, with aggregate real income gains reaching 2–3% in the long-run. Reductions in travel times increased local employment-to-population ratio but had no effect on local population. We extend the model by endogenizing the labor supply decision to capture this finding. The model-implied elasticity of employment rates to travel time reductions captures about one-third of the empirical elasticity.
Plant diets of land snail community members are similar in composition but differ in richness
Authors: Hendriks Kasper P , Bisschop Karen , Kavanagh James C , Kortenbosch Hylke H , Larue Anaïs E A , Bonte Dries , Duijm Elza J , Salles Joana Falcão , Richter Mendoza Francisco J , Schilthuizen Menno , Etienne Rampal S 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTHerbivore diets are often generalistic, and communities of herbivores tend to share much of their diets. In the tropical lowlands of Malaysian Borneo, tens of different noncarnivorous land snail species are able to coexist in communities on limestone outcrops. We tried to answer the question whether diet differentiation plays a role in their coexistence. We show, with a large metabarcoding study of the plant diet from gut contents of 658 individual snails (from 26 species, with a focus on three of the most common species in the region), that the different snail species indeed share much of their plant diet, but that mean diet richness varies strongly among species (up to 15.3×). These differences are mostly explained by snail size, with larger snails having wider diets. Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses of the plant diet by individual snails showed signs of clustering in c. 28% of the individuals, possibly suggesting phylogenetic specialization, although such clustering was weak when diets were considered by species. We discuss how observed trends in diet richness and diet clustering could also be explained by random feeding, with larger species simply eating more or less specifically, and by other, noncompetitive interactions, such as snails avoiding desiccation. Our study shows how to efficiently put the power of metabarcoding to work in unravelling the complex community processes commonly encountered in tropical ecosystems and is thus of substantial relevance to both community ecologists and conservationists.
TSSr: an R package for comprehensive analyses of TSS sequencing data
Authors: Lu Zhaolian , Berry Keenan , Hu Zhenbin , Zhan Yu , Ahn Tae-Hyuk , Lin Zhenguo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Transcription initiation is regulated in a highly organized fashion to ensure proper cellular functions. Accurate identification of transcription start sites (TSSs) and quantitative characterization of transcription initiation activities are fundamental steps for studies of regulated transcriptions and core promoter structures. Several high-throughput techniques have been developed to sequence the very 5′end of RNA transcripts (TSS sequencing) on the genome scale. Bioinformatics tools are essential for processing, analysis, and visualization of TSS sequencing data. Here, we present TSSr, an R package that provides rich functions for mapping TSS and characterizations of structures and activities of core promoters based on all types of TSS sequencing data. Specifically, TSSr implements several newly developed algorithms for accurately identifying TSSs from mapped sequencing reads and inference of core promoters, which are a prerequisite for subsequent functional analyses of TSS data. Furthermore, TSSr also enables users to export various types of TSS data that can be visualized by genome browser for inspection of promoter activities in association with other genomic features, and to generate publication-ready TSS graphs. These user-friendly features could greatly facilitate studies of transcription initiation based on TSS sequencing data. The source code and detailed documentations of TSSr can be freely accessed at https://github.com/Linlab-slu/TSSr.
Conclusion
Authors: Sayad Cecilia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The book concludes with a discussion on the making of an Internet legend, Slender Man, as a step further in embedding everyday life with supernatural entities. Originated in a contest proposed by the Something Awful website, which made a call for users to post images of phenomena that could pass for paranormal, this figure, which appears in the background of photographs showing children and teenagers, generated a series of horror stories (in the form of creepypasta), web series (Marble Hornets and totheark), horror films, and games. Slender Man has also been pointed to as the motive behind real acts of self-harm and stabbings. The multiple recycling of this monster (which some believe to be real) across a variety of media invites questions about the strange mix of unquestioning belief and exaggerated skepticism that characterizes our approach to information circulated on the Internet and in social media.
Introduction
Authors: Müller Ralf , Drouin Nathalie , Sankaran Shankar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter introduces the background of the book and the motivation to write it. Moreover it describes the book’s contribution to knowledge as being the first book on leadership approaches solely found in project settings. Then it defines the main concepts and terms used throughout this volume. It starts with a definition of leadership approaches, such as vertical, horizontal, team-based, and balanced leadership approaches, then it introduces the popular leadership styles used within these leadership approaches. This includes transactional, transformational, autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire, as well shared and distributed leadership styles. The chapter ends with a short overview of the book’s chapters.
Horizontal Leadership and Its Scenarios
Authors: Müller Ralf , Drouin Nathalie , Sankaran Shankar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter addresses horizontal leadership and its scenarios. It starts by looking at what horizontal leadership is, and how horizontal leaders execute their leadership task in the context of balanced leadership. Then, it describes scenarios that occur when horizontal leaders are nominated, identified, selected, and empowered by the project manager, and when they are assigned to lead a project task. The chapter also highlights the specific aspects of leadership distribution between horizontal leaders and project managers to identify the project managers’ leadership style, and the nature of decisions made by both project managers and horizontal leaders to deliver the project. The chapter concludes with some scenarios to illustrate the types of decisions and tasks delegated to horizontal leaders.
A Theory of Balanced Leadership
Authors: Müller Ralf , Drouin Nathalie , Sankaran Shankar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter describes balanced leadership theory. It starts by discussing the need for theories for good practical work. A positioning follows, which locates balanced leadership as a middle-range theory between substantive and grand theories. The chapter continues with some of the required information to make sense of the theory. This includes the philosophical stance, which is critical realism, and the theoretical lens, which is realist social theory and its morphogenetic cycle. A detailed description of the theory follows. This description addresses the theory’s constituting variables (the what), the macro- and micro-processes that explain the flow of activities (the how), the internal functioning and its relation to contingency theory (the why), and finally, the limitations and areas of application where the theory holds (the where/when/who). Various cross-references are made to the subsequent chapters in this book.
Identification
Authors: Müller Ralf , Drouin Nathalie , Sankaran Shankar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter discusses how leaders are identified in projects. As leaders are also appointed to teams in organizations, the chapter begins with a discussion on the nature of team leadership in organizations. It describes one of the models used for explaining team leadership and its application in an organizational context. The authors then turn to competencies of appointed leaders in projects, and they discuss how leaders are spotted in organizations with examples from multinational organizations. Following this, they turn their attention to how leaders are identified in projects. A research into identification, carried out as part of the balanced leadership research, is then presented. The chapter closes with a summary and some questions for reflection.
Everything is Choreography
Authors: Winkler Kevin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Everything Is Choreography: The Musical Theater of Tommy Tune is the first full-scale analysis of the work of Tommy Tune, and his place in a lineage of Broadway’s great director-choreographers. The decade of the 1980s was considered a low point for the American musical. Tune’s predecessors in the art of complete musical staging like Jerome Robbins, Bob Fosse, Gower Champion, and Michael Bennett were either dead or withdrawn from the Broadway arena. Yet it was the period of Tune’s greatest success. The book examines how he adapted to an increasingly corporatized, high-stakes producing and funding environment. It considers how Tune kept the American musical a thriving, creative enterprise at a time when Broadway was dominated by British imports. It investigates Tune’s work since the mid-1990s, when he shifted his attentions to touring and regional productions, far from the glare of Broadway. Unlike his fellow director-choreographers, Tune also maintained a successful performing career, and the book details the deft balancing act that kept him working as a popular singer-dancer-actor while he was directing a series of striking and influential Broadway musicals.
Introduction
Authors: Winkler Kevin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Introduction juxtaposes the musicals of Tommy Tune during the 1980s with the large-scale British extravaganzas that dominated Broadway in the same decade. These imported “megamusicals,” featured lavish spectacle, special effects, cookie-cutter casting, and booming, pop-rock soundscapes. By contrast, Tune’s shows were simple, elegant, and filled with unique personalities (including Tune himself). The special effects in a Tommy Tune show were ingeniously staged singing and dancing. Tune coined the term “guzzintahs” to refer to the seamless melding of song, dance, and story, as in “this goes into that, and that goes into this.” The Introduction also offers a brief history of the director-choreographer, including George Balanchine, who integrated ballet into Broadway dance and Agnes de Mille, who established her choreographic authorship as of equal importance alongside a show’s book, score, and direction. The creative use of “guzzintahs” by later figures such as Jerome Robbins, Bob Fosse, Gower Champion, and Michael Bennett is explored, pointing the way toward Tune’s especially unified staging concepts.
Double Feature
Authors: Winkler Kevin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A Day in Hollywood/A Night in the Ukraine was a tiny jewel box of a musical revue, with a cast of just eight versatile performers, that established Tommy Tune as a director-choreographer of the first rank when it opened in 1980. Its second act was an adaptation of Anton Chekhov’s one-act The Bear as it might have been performed by the Marx Brothers. The trio’s cheerfully anarchic spirit was conjured with balletic grace and timing in Tune’s staging. Tune expanded the show’s curtain raiser, a series of Hollywood songs, into a satiric cavalcade of music and comic musings on the movies circa 1939, set in the lobby of Hollywood’s legendary Grauman’s Chinese Theatre and performed by its ushers. Its highlight was an ingenious tap number set to the text of the 1930 Hollywood Production Code, with all its taboos duly noted in rhythm.
Books and Book Chapters
Authors: Schwartz Seth J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter addresses the process of proposing authored books, edited books, and handbooks, as well as assembling the book itself. The chapter also covers book chapters and whether scholars should write a chapter that they have been invited to write. The challenges in putting together an authored book are outlined where the challenges are parallel to those involved in writing non-empirical papers. Edited books are discussed in terms of identifying content to be covered, choosing and inviting chapter authors, accounting for chapters that will not materialize, and working with authors to revise and finalize their chapters. Edited handbooks are reviewed as large projects that can impact fields of study but that require a great deal of work. Readers considering whether to accept book chapter invitations are advised to consider what would be written in the chapter and to acknowledge that the chapter would then represent the source material for those ideas.
“We Are All North Here”
Authors: Little Peter C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis chapter explores e-waste burning work through the lens of labor migration, city–hinterland connections, and chieftaincy relations and politics. In particular, the chapter focuses on the story of one worker’s lived experience as a migrant e-waste laborer, husband, father, drummer, and member of a dominant regional chiefdom in northern Ghana. The chapter highlights how this worker and other e-waste workers navigate urban labor and marginalization in Accra, while at the same time sustaining social ties in northern Ghana where Dagomba chiefdoms hold local and regional political power. The chapter shows how narratives of migration and rural–urban livelihood can expose the integral role of social mobility and movement in e-waste ethnography in Ghana more generally.
Weak Convergence of Distributions
Authors: Davidson James 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter introduces the fundamentals of weak convergence for real sequences. Definitions and examples are given. The Skorokhod representation theorem is proved and the chapter then considers the preservation of weak convergence under transformations. Next, the role of moments and characteristic functions is considered. In the leading case of random sums, the criteria for weak convergence and the concept of a stable distribution are studied.