bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of key quality indicators for appropriate antibiotic use in the Republic of Korea: results of a modified Delphi survey
Authors:   Korea Study Group for Antimicrobial Stewardship (KOSGAP), Kim Bongyoung , Lee Myung Jin , Park Se Yoon , Moon Song Mi , Song Kyoung-Ho , Kim Tae Hyong , Kim Eu Suk , Kim Hong Bin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
An effective antibiotic stewardship program relies on the measurement of appropriate antibiotic use, on which there is a lack of consensus. We aimed to develop a set of key quality indicators (QIs) for nationwide point surveillance in the Republic of Korea.

Methods
A systematic literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library (publications until 20th November 2019) was conducted. Potential key QIs were retrieved from the search and then evaluated by a multidisciplinary expert panel using a RAND-modified Delphi procedure comprising two online surveys and a face-to-face meeting.

Results
The 23 potential key QIs identified from 21 studies were submitted to 25 multidisciplinary expert panels, and 17 key QIs were retained, with a high level of agreement (13 QIs for inpatients, 7 for outpatients, and 3 for surgical prophylaxis). After adding up the importance score and applicability, six key QIs [6 QIs (Q 1–6) for inpatients and 3 (Q 1, 2, and 5) for outpatients] were selected. (1) Prescribe empirical antibiotic therapy according to guideline, (2) change empirical antibiotics to pathogen-directed therapy, (3) obtain culture samples from suspected infection sites, (4) obtain two blood cultures, (5) adapt antibiotic dosage to renal function, and (6) document antibiotic plan. In surgical prophylaxis, the QIs to prescribe antibiotics according to the guideline and initiate antibiotic therapy 1 h before incision were selected.

Conclusions
We identified key QIs to measure the appropriateness of antibiotic therapy to identify targets for improvement and to evaluate the effects of antibiotic stewardship intervention.
Restoration method of sootiness mural images based on dark channel prior and Retinex by bilateral filter
Authors: Cao Ning , Lyu Shuqiang , Hou Miaole , Wang Wanfu , Gao Zhenhua , Shaker Ahmed , Dong Youqiang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Environmental changes and human activities can cause serious degradation of murals, where sootiness is one of the most common problems of ancient Chinese indoor murals. In order to improve the visual quality of the murals, a restoration method is proposed for sootiness murals based on dark channel prior and Retinex by bilateral filter using hyperspectral imaging technology. First, radiometric correction and denoising through band clipping and minimum noise fraction rotation forward and inverse transform were applied to the hyperspectral data of the sootiness mural to produce its denoised reflectance image. Second, a near-infrared band was selected from the reflectance image and combined with the green and blue visible bands to produce a pseudo color image for the subsequent sootiness removal processing. The near-infrared band is selected because it is better penetrating the sootiness layer to a certain extent comparing to other bands. Third, the sootiness covered on the pseudo color image was preliminarily removed by using the method of dark channel prior and by adjusting the brightness of the image. Finally, the Retinex by bilateral filter was performed on the image to get the final restored image, where the sootiness was removed. The results show that the images restored by the proposed method are superior in variance, average gradient, information entropy and gray scale contrast comparing to the results from the traditional methods of homomorphic filtering and Gaussian stretching. The results also show the highest score in comprehensive evaluation of edges, hue and structure; thus, the method proposed can support more potential studies or sootiness removal in real mural paintings with more detailed information. The method proposed shows strong evidence that it can effectively reduce the influence of sootiness on the moral images with more details that can reveal the original appearance of the mural and improve its visual quality.
Developing a mathematical model of the co-author recommender system using graph mining techniques and big data applications
Authors: Ebrahimi Fezzeh , Asemi Asefeh , Nezarat Amin , Ko Andrea 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFinding the most suitable co-author is one of the most important ways to conduct effective research in scientific fields. Data science has contributed to achieving this possibility significantly. The present study aims at designing a mathematical model of co-author recommender system in bioinformatics using graph mining techniques and big data applications. The present study employed an applied-developmental research method and a mixed-methods research design. The research population consisted of all scientific products in bioinformatics in the PubMed database. To achieve the research objectives, the most appropriate effective features in choosing a co-author were selected, prioritized, and weighted by experts. Then, they were weighted using graph mining techniques and big data applications. Finally, the mathematical co-author recommender system model in bioinformatics was presented. Data analysis instruments included Expert Choice, Excel, Spark, Scala and Python programming languages in a big data server. The research was conducted in four steps: (1) identifying and prioritizing the criteria effective in choosing a co-author using AHP; (2) determining the correlation degree of articles based on the criteria obtained from step 1 using algorithms and big data applications; (3) developing a mathematical co-author recommender system model; and (4) evaluating the developed mathematical model. Findings showed that the journal titles and citations criteria have the highest weight while the abstract has the lowest weight in the mathematical co-author recommender system model. The accuracy of the proposed model was 72.26. It was concluded that using content-based features and expert opinions have high potentials in recommending the most appropriate co-authors. It is expected that the proposed co-author recommender system model can provide appropriate recommendations for choosing co-authors on various fields in different contexts of scientific information. The most important innovation of this model is the use of a combination of expert opinions and systemic weights, which can accelerate the finding of co-authors and consequently saving time and achieving a greater quality of scientific products.
Geochemical approaches in tsunami research: current knowledge and challenges
Authors: Shinozaki Tetsuya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOver the past decade or so, geochemical techniques have been applied to the study of modern and past tsunamis. Seawater incursions and the introduction of marine organic matter can be detected through geochemical analysis, providing strong evidence that an event deposit was formed by saltwater inundation. Furthermore, the marine geochemical signature of an event may reveal the full extent of tsunami inundation far more precisely than can be obtained from sediment alone. Based mainly on literature published during the last 4 years, this paper summarizes the latest advances in and some problems with tsunami geochemical research, and specifically addresses organic and inorganic proxies with high preservation potential, geochemical characteristics of invisible tsunami deposits, handling of data from core scanners, and offshore environmental impacts. Recent studies have proposed that some organic and inorganic geochemical proxies have high preservation potential, and sometimes such evidence can be recognized from invisible tsunami deposits. Quantitative assessments of biomarkers are also effective for detecting allochthonous materials. Organic and inorganic proxies can be applied both to identify tsunami deposits and to accurately reconstruct tsunami inundation areas; however, there are as yet no universal criteria for accurate reconstruction of tsunami inundation areas by detecting invisible tsunami deposits using geochemical approaches. For deeper understanding of the behavior of geochemical characteristics derived from tsunami events, additional knowledge of the geochemical substances associated with modern and paleo-tsunami events is required. Specifically, further work is required on assessment of the environmental selectivity of geochemical proxies and refinement of core-scanner analysis for both organic and inorganic substances.
EKF-based self-attitude estimation with DNN learning landscape information
Authors: Ozaki Ryota , Kuroda Yoji 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper presents an EKF-based self-attitude estimation with a DNN (deep neural network) learning landscape information. The method integrates gyroscopic angular velocity and DNN inference in the EKF. The DNN predicts a gravity vector in a camera frame. The input of the network is a camera image, the outputs are a mean vector and a covariance matrix of the gravity. It is trained and validated with a dataset of images and corresponded gravity vectors. The dataset is collected in a flight simulator because we can easily obtain various gravity vectors, although the method is not only for UAVs. Using a simulator breaks the limitation of amount of collecting data with ground truth. The validation shows the network can predict the gravity vector from only a single shot image. It also shows that the covariance matrix expresses the uncertainty of the inference. The covariance matrix is used for integrating the inference in the EKF. Flight data of a drone is also recorded in the simulator, and the EKF-based method is tested with it. It shows the method suppresses accumulative error by integrating the network outputs.
A fully automated pipeline for the dynamic at‐line morphology analysis of microscale Aspergillus cultivation
Authors: Jansen Roman , Küsters Kira , Morschett Holger , Wiechert Wolfgang , Oldiges Marco 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Morphology, being one of the key factors influencing productivity of filamentous fungi, is of great interest during bioprocess development. With increasing demand of high-throughput phenotyping technologies for fungi due to the emergence of novel time-efficient genetic engineering technologies, workflows for automated liquid handling combined with high-throughput morphology analysis have to be developed.

Results
In this study, a protocol allowing for 48 parallel microbioreactor cultivations of Aspergillus carbonarius with non-invasive online signals of backscatter and dissolved oxygen was established. To handle the increased cultivation throughput, the utilized microbioreactor is integrated into a liquid handling platform. During cultivation of filamentous fungi, cell suspensions result in either viscous broths or form pellets with varying size throughout the process. Therefore, tailor-made liquid handling parameters such as aspiration/dispense height, velocity and mixing steps were optimized and validated. Development and utilization of a novel injection station enabled a workflow, where biomass samples are automatically transferred into a flow through chamber fixed under a light microscope. In combination with an automated image analysis concept, this enabled an automated morphology analysis pipeline. The workflow was tested in a first application study, where the projected biomass area was determined at two different cultivation temperatures and compared to the microbioreactor online signals.

Conclusions
A novel and robust workflow starting from microbioreactor cultivation, automated sample harvest and processing via liquid handling robots up to automated morphology analysis was developed. This protocol enables the determination of projected biomass areas for filamentous fungi in an automated and high-throughput manner. This measurement of morphology can be applied to describe overall pellet size distribution and heterogeneity.
A 16-week aerobic exercise and mindfulness-based intervention on chronic psychosocial stress: a pilot and feasibility study
Authors: Prochilo Guy A. , Costa Ricardo J.S. , Hassed Craig , Chambers Richard , Molenberghs Pascal 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Researchers have begun delivering mindfulness and aerobic exercise training concurrently on the premise that a combination intervention will yield salutary outcomes over and above each intervention alone. An estimate of the effect of combination training on chronic psychosocial stress in a nonclinical population has not been established. The objective of this study was to establish protocol feasibility in preparation of a definitive RCT targeting healthy individuals, and to explore the preliminary effect of combination training on reducing chronic psychosocial stress in this population.

Methods
Twenty-four participants were allocated to a single-arm pre-post study and subjected to 16 weeks of concurrent mindfulness psychoeducation and aerobic exercise training. Feasibility criteria were collected and evaluated. Within-group changes in chronic psychosocial stress, mindfulness, emotion regulation, and cardiorespiratory fitness were also assessed. Primary analyses were based on 17 participants.

Results
Retention rate, response rate, recruitment rate, and sample size analyses indicate a definitive trial is feasible for detecting most effects with precision. There was also a decline in our primary dependent measure of chronic psychosocial stress (dpretest = −0.56, 95% CI [ −1.14,−0.06]). With regard to secondary measures, there was an increase in the use of cognitive reappraisal, and a reduction in use of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. We are insufficiently confident to comment on changes in mindfulness and aerobic capacity $\left (\dot {V}O_{2max}\right)$

V

̇

O

2
max

. However, there were subgroup improvements in aerobic economy at submaximal exercise intensities.

Conclusions
We recommend a definitive trial is feasible and should proceed.

Trial registration
ANZCTR (ID: ACTRN12619001726145). Retrospectively registered December 9, 2019.
Remimazolam anesthesia for cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: a case report
Authors: Saito Kota , Ohno Sho , Maeda Makishi , Hirata Naoyuki , Yamakage Michiaki 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Remimazolam has less cardiovascular depressant effects than propofol in non-cardiac surgical patients. However, the efficacy and safety of remimazolam in cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) have not been reported. We present a case of successful anesthetic management using remimazolam in cardiac surgery with CPB.

Case presentation
A 76-year-old female was scheduled for mitral valve repair, tricuspid annuloplasty, maze procedure, and left atrial appendage closure. We used remimazolam in induction (6.0 mg/kg/h) and maintenance (0.6–1.0 mg/kg/h) of general anesthesia, and the bispectral index value was maintained in the range of 36 to 48 including the period of CPB. Hemodynamics, mixed venous oxygen saturation, and bilateral regional cerebral oxygen saturation were maintained within acceptable ranges. There was no intraoperative awareness/recall or serious complications associated with remimazolam throughout the perioperative period.

Conclusions
Remimazolam can be used the same as other existing anesthetics in cardiac surgery with CPB.
Prenatal exposure to exogenous progesterone adversely affects fetal development in Albino rats
Authors: Tag Hend M. , Elgawish Rania Abdelrahman , Ebaid Hala M. , Abdel-Rahman Mona , Abdelrazek Heba M. A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The current study was carried out to investigate the effects of exogenous progesterone on fetal development in rats.

Results
Placental weights did not vary in control and treated groups. Fetal weights were significantly reduced in the low- and high-dose progesterone groups. Fetal CVL was significantly reduced in both treatment groups compared to control group. In fetuses that received maternal treatment with low- and high-dose progesterone, several parts of the fetal skeleton showed incomplete ossification. Alkaline phosphatase was decreased in the bones of fetuses born to progesterone-treated dams. The testes and ovaries of the fetuses of the dams treated with low and high doses of progesterone showed degenerative seminiferous tubules and failed sex cord development into primordial follicles, respectively.

Conclusions
The administration of exogenous progesterone during pregnancy adversely influences fetal growth, skeletal construction, and sex organ development.
Physicochemical Properties of Palm Kernel Oil and Palm Kernel Olein Blends
Authors: Abd Rashid Norizzah , Nurhanis Jumari Fatin , Omar Zaliha 
Published: March 2021

Palm kernel oil (PKO) and palm kernel olein (PKOo) have limited application due to rapid crystallisation properties and excessive foaming during heating, respectively. In this study, a series of PKO and PKOo blends were prepared at different concentration and analysed for slip melting point (SMP), solid fat content (SFC), triacylglycerols (TAGs) composition, thermal and morphological properties. The addition of 90% RBDPKOo caused the SMP to decrease from 27.8°C to 23.80°C. All the samples show steep SFC melting profile from 0°C to 30°C. The onset crystallisation temperature of RBDPKO was delayed with the addition of 90% PKOo from 9.73°C to 5.80°C and totally melted at lower melting temperatures. It was observed that the addition of RBDPKOo caused the crystals to be spherulitic, scattered and less aggregated with each other. The addition of RBDPKOo reduced the compositions of the main TAG of RBDPKO such as LaLaLa, LaLaM and CLaLa. Therefore, through blending the physicochemical properties of the RBDPKO and RBDPKOo could be changed. Hence, their applications in food could be widened.
Hypothesis Testing on Regression: Investigating Students’ Skill
Authors: Abdol Razak Fadzilah , Rashidah Nor , Baharun Norhayati , Afni Deraman Noor 
Published: March 2021

This study aims to investigate students’ ability to write a correct hypothesis based on the statement referring to regression coefficients. Different statements of regression coefficients, specifically the slope were given in the standard format of test questions and the students were asked to conduct an appropriate hypothesis test. From the decision made, the students also had to provide suitable conclusions on each of the tests conducted. 197 answer scripts were inspected and the focus was given to the hypothesis statement and the conclusion provided by the students. The results indicated that students were able to write proper hypothesis statement for a regression coefficient that directly refers to the slope of the variable. However, they failed to provide correct hypothesis when they had to translate the definition of slope to an appropriate hypothesis statement. Despite their ability to write simple hypothesis for regression slope, they still had difficulties in providing conclusions for the tests conducted. The study also clearly revealed that even though some of the students managed to write proper conclusions, they did not correspond to the hypothesis statements given earlier, as the conclusions made were merely based on the question statement.
Plasma thiol/disulphide homeostasis changes in patients with restless legs syndrome
Authors: Kucuksayan Ertan , Ozben Serkan , Topaloglu Tuac Selma , Koseoglu Mesrure , Erel Ozcan , Neselioglu Salim , Ozben Tomris 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common neurological condition. Oxidative stress plays an important role in its pathogenesis. Thiol-disulphide homeostasis (TDH) is a new biomarker of oxidative stress. We studied plasma TDH to determine whether TDH could be used as a new biomarker for RLS and evaluated correlations between TDH and various disease severity rating scales.

Methods
A total of 25 RLS patients and 25 healthy controls were included into the study. TDH status was determined using an automated spectrophotometric analysis method and correlations were analyzed between the TDH status and various disease rating scales in the RLS patients.

Results
Plasma total (401±27 μmol/L) and native thiol (354±30 μmol/L) levels were significantly lower, but disulphide level (24±6 μmol/L) was significantly (<0.0001) higher in the RLS patients compared to the controls (455±36, 424±37, 15±5 μmol/L, respectively). The disulphide/native thiol and disulphide/total thiol ratios increased, in contrast, native thiol/total thiol ratio decreased significantly in the RLS patients compared to the healthy controls (<0.0001). The disulphide levels correlated positively with age and various rating scores of the RLS patients. International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) rating score and age correlated negatively with the total and native thiol levels.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate increased oxidative stress in the RLS patients reflected by decreased native and total thiol, and increased disulphide levels and positive correlations between the disulphide levels and various rating scores. We suggest dynamic TDH status to be used as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis and follow-up of the RLS patients.
Short/small fatigue crack growth, thresholds and environmental effects: a tale of two engineering paradigms
Authors: Wanhill Russell J. H. , Stanzl-Tschegg Stefanie E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper results from mutual discussions on the review ‘When do small fatigue cracks propagate and when are they arrested?’ in Corrosion Reviews, 2019; 37(5): 397–418. These discussions have arisen from the two engineering paradigms characterizing our fatigue research: (i) an aerospace research and technology remit for metallic airframes, and (ii) a materials science research programme supporting a methodology for steam turbine low pressure (LP) blade operations. In our opinion, this paper is of interest for other investigators of metal fatigue with respect to design requirements, life predictions and assessments. In more detail, the paper considers the fatigue design methodologies for airframes and steam turbine LP blades. This includes short/small fatigue cracks, fatigue crack growth thresholds, high-cycle fatigue (HCF) and very-high-cycle fatigue (VHCF), and the relevance of environmental effects (corrosion and corrosion fatigue).
Effect of talc and diatomite on compatible, morphological, and mechanical behavior of PLA/PBAT blends
Authors: Ding Yue , Zhang Cai , Luo Congcong , Chen Ying , Zhou Yingmei , Yao Bing , Dong Liming , Du Xihua , Ji Junhui 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Biodegradable nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(butylene adipate-co-butylene terephthalate) (PBAT) (70/30, w/w) with diatomite or talc (1–7%). From the SEM test, the particles were transported to the interface of two phases, which acted as an interface modifier to strengthen the interfacial adhesion between PLA and PBAT. Talc and diatomite acted as nucleating agents to improve the crystallization of PBAT in the blends by DSC analysis. Moreover, adding the particles improved the tensile and impact toughness of the blends. The elongation at break with 5% talc was 78% (vs ∼21%) and the impact strength was 15 kJ/m2 (vs ∼6.5 kJ/m2). The rheological measurement revealed that the talc and diatomite reduced the viscosity of the blends. The results showed a good possibility of using talc- and diatomite-filled PLA/PBAT blends with high toughness for green-packaging and bio-membranes application.