bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of aromatherapy on autonomic nervous system regulation with treadmill exercise-induced stress among adolescents
Authors: Lin Pin-Hsuan , Lin Yuan-Ping , Chen Kai-Li , Yang Shang-Yu , Shih Yin-Hwa , Wang Po-Yu 
Published: April 2021

Introduction
Stress is a major health issue in adolescents owing to the important transitions experienced during this period. Aromatherapy is an effective method for the reduction of stress in adolescents.

Purpose
The aims of this study were to examine the effect of aromatherapy on the regulation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) along with stress relief and to explore the effect of aromatherapy on adolescents with different levels of stress.

Methods
This quasi-experimental study comprised three types of treatments: control (no essential oil), pure essential oil therapy (sandalwood), and blended essential oil therapy (sandalwood-lavender). The heart rate variability (HRV) was calculated to evaluate the post-exercise recovery of the ANS to the baseline level in the recruited adolescents. To examine the efficiency of aromatherapy, Friedman test was used to assess the significance of difference in all parameters (i.e., mean heart rate, SDNN, normalized LF, normalized HF, and LF/HF) between baseline and after exercise among the three treatment conditions.

Results
The participants comprised 43 junior college students (8 males and 35 females) with a mean age of 18.21 ± 0.99. Significant differences in changes of two HRV parameters (normalized LF and LF/HF) were associated with both essential oil therapies compared to those in the control group (p<0.05), and one more HRV parameter (normalized HF) exhibited significant difference related to blended essential oil therapy compared to that of the control group. Besides, changes in two HRV parameters (mean heart rate and normalized HF) of both essential oil therapies in the low level stress subgroup showed significant differences compared to those of the control group (p<0.05).

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that aromatherapy could be used for ANS regulation with stress-relieving effects in adolescents. The participants with a low stress level appeared to respond better to the blended essential oil therapy, whereas those with medium to high levels of stress appeared to respond poorly to aromatherapy compared to the control.
BUCKLING DELAMINATION IN COMPRESSED NO-TENSION HOMOGENEOUS BRITTLE BEAM-COLUMNS REINFORCED WITH FRP
Authors: Marchione Francesco 
Published: April 2021

The main issue of this paper is the instability of no-tension structural members reinforced with FRP. This study concerns the instability of FRP reinforcement. The primary instability problem of a compressed element involves the partialization of the inflex section. In particular, in the case of a compressed slender element reinforced on both tense and compressed side FRP delamination phaenomenon could occur on the latter.
This entails the loss of the reinforcement effectiveness in the compressed area for nominal load values much lower than material effective strength. Therefore, structural elements or portions thereof which absorb axial components in the direction of the reinforcement may exhibit relatively modest performance with respect to the unreinforced configuration.
By employing a no-tension material linear in compression, an analytical solution for FRP buckling delamination length is provided.
The main objective of this paper is to provide a simplified tool that allows to evaluate the critical load of the reinforced beam-column and to predict the tension at which delamination and the loss of effectiveness of reinforcement in the compressed area could occur.
Orientação Exterior de Imagens CBERS-4/PAN Utilizando Modelos Rigorosos
Authors: Akiyama Thales Shoiti , Marcato Junior José , Tommaselli Antonio Maria Garcia , Rodrigues Tiago Lima , Estrabis Nayara Vasconcelos 
Published: April 2021

O processo de correção geométrica em imagens orbitais é uma etapa indispensável, em que é possível a geração de produto cartográfico mais confiável, o qual pode ser utilizado em inúmeras aplicações. Os satélites de imageamento possuem sensores embarcados integrados com outros dispositivos que, em conjunto, são capazes de fornecer as imagens orbitais, as quais apresentam diferentes níveis de detalhamento e de acurácia posicional. Desta forma, é importante analisar a qualidade das imagens orbitais do CBERS-4/PAN na banda pancromática, cujo GSD (Ground Sample Distance) é de 5 metros, bem como quais procedimentos podem ser adotados para melhorá-las. Além do CBERS-4 ser considerado um satélite recente, são escassos os estudos referentes à confiabilidade posicional e correção geométrica dos produtos gerados, principalmente das imagens do sensor PAN (Panchromatic and Multispectral Camera). Para a orientação exterior das imagens CBERS-4/PAN foi utilizado o modelo matemático rigoroso baseado nas equações de colinearidade adaptadas para o sensor de varredura linear. Foram utilizados dados orbitais como injunções relativas, e variou-se a quantidade de pontos de apoio - 15, 10 e 5 pontos, cujas coordenadas são oriundas dos limites de propriedades rurais cadastrados no INCRA (Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária). Foram geradas imagens corrigidas geometricamente com acurácia posicional planimétrica mais confiáveis (10 a 15 m).
A new tool for sepsis screening in the Emergency Department
Authors: Agnello Luisa , Iacona Alessandro , Lo Sasso Bruna , Scazzone Concetta , Pantuso Michele , Giglio Rosaria Vincenza , Gambino Caterina Maria , Ciaccio Anna Maria , Bivona Giulia , Vidali Matteo , Ciaccio Marcello 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
In this study, we developed and evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the Sepsis Index for early sepsis screening in the Emergency Department (ED).

Methods
Sepsis Index is based on the combination of monocyte distribution width (MDW) and mean monocyte volume (MMV). Sepsis Index≥1 was selected to define sepsis. We tested its diagnostic accuracy in an ED population stratified in four groups: controls, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS), infection, and sepsis, according to Sepsis-2 criteria.

Results
Patients with sepsis displayed higher median Sepsis Index value than patients without sepsis. At the receiver operating characterictis (ROC) curve analysis for the prediction of sepsis, the area under the curve (AUC) of MDW and Sepsis Index were similar: 0.966 (95%CI 0.947–0.984), and 0.964 (95%CI 0.942–0.985), respectively. Sepsis Index showed increased specificity than MDW (94.7 vs. 90.6%), without any decrease in sensitivity (92.0%). Additionally, LR+ increased from 9.8 (MDW) to 17.4 (Sepsis Index), without any substantial change in LR− (respectively 0.09 vs. 0.08). Finally, PPV increased from 0.286 (MDW) to 0.420 (Sepsis Index).

Conclusions
Sepsis Index improves the diagnostic accuracy of MDW alone for sepsis screening.
Out-of-plane local mechanism analysis with finite element method
Authors: Spagnuolo Roberto 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The stability check of masonry structures is a debated problem in Italy that poses serious problems for its extensive use. Indeed, the danger of out of plane collapse of masonry walls, which is one of the more challenging to evaluate, is traditionally addressed not using finite element models (FEM). The power of FEM is not properly used and some simplified method are preferred. In this paper the use of the thrust surface is suggested. This concept allows to to evaluate the eccentricity of the membrane stresses using the FEM method. For this purpose a sophisticated, layered, finite element with a no-tension material is used. To model a no-tension material we used the smeared crack method as it is not mesh-dependent and it is well known since the early ’80 in an ASCE Report [1]. The described element has been implemented by the author in the program Nòlian by Softing.
Technical and economic aspects of starting a selected power unit at low ambient temperatures
Authors: Lewicki Wojciech 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article presents research on the impact of a 359 compression-ignition engine starting at low ambient temperatures. This engine is used in vehicles such as STAR 200, 244, and 226. The purpose of these tests was to determine the amount of wear depending on the ambient temperature and the number of starts, as well as to compare the wear at start-up with the wear occurring during tests on the dynamometer (long-term test for reliability) and wear occurring during the operation of the engine in the vehicle, and the impact of the number of starts and ambient temperature on diesel engine for the life of the vehicle to be repaired. The results of the author’s research showed that a minimum of the number of starts at low ambient temperatures has an impact on the number of kilometers driven by the car during operation to replace the cylinder liners (engine repair). Apart from the Polish armed forces and armies of other countries in which this type of vehicle is still used, the direct recipients of the research results are also other entities from the logistics transport sector for which further use of this power unit especially at low ambient temperatures is of fundamental economic importance.
Serum sclerostin concentration is associated with specific adipose, muscle and bone tissue markers in lean adolescent females with increased physical activity
Authors: Jürimäe Jaak , Karvelyte Vita , Remmel Liina , Tamm Anna-Liisa , Purge Priit , Gruodyte-Raciene Rita , Kamandulis Sigitas , Maasalu Katre , Gracia-Marco Luis , Tillmann Vallo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Sclerostin is an important regulator of bone mass involving the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Relatively few studies have investigated the relationships of circulating sclerostin levels with adiposity-related and muscle-related biochemical factors in individuals with increased energy metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of circulating sclerostin with adipokines, myokines, osteokines and body composition values in lean adolescent females with increased physical activity.

Methods
A total of 73 adolescent females who were physically active and aged 14–18 years old participated in the study. Sclerostin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, irisin, osteocalcin, C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and insulin were obtained from fasting blood samples. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and analyzed for body fat mass, lean body mass, bone mineral content and muscle mass.

Results
Serum sclerostin (117.9 ± 60.3 pg/mL) was correlated with age, age at menarche, body fat, muscle mass, training activity, leptin, TNF-α, irisin, osteocalcin, CTx and IGF-1. Multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that fat mass (β = 0.434; p = 0.001), leptin (β = −0.308; p = 0.015), irisin (β = 0.227; p = 0.024) and CTx (β = 0.290; p = 0.031) were the most important predictors of serum sclerostin concentration.

Conclusions
Bone-derived sclerostin is associated with specific adipokine, myokine and osteokine values in lean adolescent females with increased physical activity. These results suggest that the interactions between bone, adipose and muscle tissues could also be associated with circulating sclerostin concentrations.
Re-imagining the Dignitary Torts
Authors: Sugarman Stephen D. , Boucher Caitlin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the article, we make three claims. First, we argue that a large number of what are traditionally seen as separate torts are, at their core, all about affronts to the dignity of the victim. These include offensive battery, assault, false imprisonment, intentional infliction of emotional distress, defamation, invasion of privacy, some nuisances, and abuse of process (malicious prosecution). These torts do not involve direct physical harm but, rather, emotional distress from having your dignity attacked. Second, we argue that as these torts have developed inside of their own doctrinal silos, there are important differences among the laws governing them. Third, we argue that these differences are not justified and that it would be better to create a consistent tort approach to dignitary harm: tort recovery should lie for injuries resulting from wrongful conduct that is highly offensive and causes more than minor harm. This, it turns out, is the standard that currently applies in a majority of jurisdictions for privacy invasions. If more widely adopted, this standard would, for example, far more easily allow recovery for nasty verbal sexual (or other) harassment, since intentional infliction of emotional distress currently requires a much stronger showing. At the same time, it would preclude recovery for minor physical touchings that technically now qualify as offensive battery. We think this achieves the balance much better.
Thermal conductivity and thermoelectric properties in 3D macroscopic pure carbon nanotube materials
Authors: Yang Xueming , Cui Jixiang , Xue Ke , Fu Yao , Li Hanling , Yang Hong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Sintered carbon nanotube (CNT) blocks and porous CNT sponges were prepared, and their thermoelectric properties were measured. The maximum dimensionless thermoelectric figure-of-merit, ZT, at room temperature of the sintered single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) block is 9.34 × 10−5, which is twice higher than that of the sintered multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) block in this work and also higher than that of other sintered MWCNT blocks reported previously. In addition, the porous MWCNT sponge showed an ultra-low thermal conductivity of 0.021 W/(m K) and significantly enhanced ZT value of 5.72 × 10−4 at room temperature and 1 atm. This ZT value is higher than that of other 3D macroscopic pure CNT materials reported. The pronounced enhancement of the ZT in the porous MWCNT sponge is attributed to the ultra-low density, ultra-high porosity, and interconnected structure of the material, which lead to a fairly low thermal conductivity and better Seebeck coefficient. The finding of this work provides an understanding for exploring potential enhancement mechanisms and improving the thermoelectric properties of CNT-based thermoelectric composites.
Russian-Polish projects on joining or exchanging of military forces to struggle against Turkey and Crimea in 1660s – 1680s: genesis, history, reasons for failure
Authors: Kochegarov Kirill 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The paper deals with the history of unsuccessful Russian-Polish military cooperation in the 1660s – 1680s. For approximately twenty years Moscow and Warsaw had been trying to join their military forces against, at first rebellious Ukrainian Cossacks and Crimean Tatars, and then against the Turks too. But all negotiations and attempts to realize plans of military cooperation by joining forces failed because of several reasons. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, hoping firstly to bring to obedience hetman Peter Doroshenko with Russian support, then tried to recapture invaded by Ottomans Podolia and appropriately wanted Russian troops to be moved there, not between Dnepr and Dniester, as it had been agreed before. Another thing that didn’t satisfy the Polish-Lithuanian side was a parity basis of joining troops (later of mutual exchanging of units), fixed in the text of alliance of December 1667. The Polish-Lithuanian army was becoming weaker because of long wars with Turks, Tatars, Cossacks and therefore needed military support, mainly infantry and artillery, more than Muscovite Russia, which had a more numerous army. That’s why Polish commanders tried to receive under their command Russian units without sending any soldiers and officers of the Commonwealth to the Muscovite army. So Russia finally refused to join its forces with the Polish-Lithuanian army and the new alliance of 1686 stipulated that each signatory was to wage war independently.
Pressure Bleeding Rate and Crack Resistance of High-Strength Concrete with Good Fluidity
Authors: Yao Jia-Liang , Liu Ying-gang , Deng Hai-Peng , Yi Wang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In order to explore the factors affecting the pressure bleeding rate of high-strength concrete with good fluidity and its performance, the variation of the pressure bleeding rate of high-strength concrete with good fluidity and its crack resistance were studied from the aspects of the quantity of admixtures and mineral admixture, water–cement ratio, unit water consumption, and sand ratio. Furthermore, the corresponding bleeding improvement measures and appropriate mix ratio were proposed for better performance of concrete. The test results show the following: (1) the concrete with the pebbles of the largest particle size and poor gradation in the coarse aggregate has a higher pressure bleeding rate than the concrete with the crushed stones of a smaller largest particle size and good gradation; (2) the more the fine aggregate and the smaller the fineness modulus, the lower the pressure bleeding rate of concrete; (3) with the increase in the quantity of superplasticizer, the pressure bleeding rate will increase: when the quantity is greater than 1.2 %, the concrete will produce serious bleeding; (4) adding fly ash and silicon ash can effectively reduce the pressure bleeding rate: the quantity of the fly ash should not exceed 25 % and the optimum quantity of silica fume ranges from 5 % to 10 %; (5) under other conditions unchanged, the pressure bleeding rate increases with the increase of water–cement ratio and unit water consumption; and (6) when the sand ratio is in the range of 38 % to 44 %, the pressure bleeding rate decreases as the sand ratio increases. Based on those tests for bleeding rate and slab cracking, the mix ratio of C60 high-strength concrete with good fluidity could be optimized. The high-strength concrete with good fluidity can simplify civil engineering construction and improve civil engineering concrete durability and recycling of industrial wastes. So, it is a green building material with excellent performance.
Effect of Carbon Black and Titanium Dioxide Dispersants on Solidification of Multiwall Carbon Nanotube–Added Salt-Based Phase Change Material
Authors: Rajagopalan Sudheer , Prabhu K. N. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The effect of carbon black and titanium dioxide (TiO2) dispersants on solidification of potassium nitrate phase change material (PCM) with multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) addition was investigated using the Fourier method of thermal analysis. On addition of 0.1 % of MWCNT, the solidification time of PCM decreased by 26 %, enhancing the heat release rates. A decrease in thermal diffusivity of the PCM was observed on addition of MWCNT particles. These benefits were observed to diminish over successive thermal cycles because of the agglomeration of MWCNT particles. To prevent the agglomeration of additives, dispersants such as carbon black and TiO2 were used. In the presence of carbon black, the nanosalt PCM retained all the cooling curve parameters over 10 thermal cycles, preventing the agglomeration of nanoadditives. On the other hand, the dispersant TiO2 significantly enhanced the thermal diffusivity property of PCM by virtue of its superior thermal conductivity. These are critical outcomes in development of nanosalt PCMs for thermal energy storage applications.
Er81 Transcription Factor Fine-Tunes Striatal Cholinergic Interneuron Activity and Drives Habit Formation
Authors: Ahmed Noorya Yasmin , Ranjbar-Slamloo Yadollah , Al Abed Alice Shaam , Gao Lingxiao , Sontani Yovina , RCom-H'cheo-Gauthier Alexandre , Arabzadeh Ehsan , Dehorter Nathalie 
Published: April 2021

The molecular mechanisms tuning cholinergic interneuron (CIN) activity, although crucial for striatal function and behavior, remain largely unexplored. Previous studies report that the Etv1/Er81 transcription factor is vital for regulating neuronal maturation and activity. While Er81 is known to be expressed in the striatum during development, its specific role in defining CIN properties and the resulting consequences on striatal function is unknown. We report here that Er81 is expressed in CINs and its specific ablation leads to prominent changes in their molecular, morphologic, and electrophysiological features. In particular, the lack of Er81 amplifies intrinsic delayed-rectifier and hyperpolarization-activated currents, which subsequently alters the tonic and phasic activity of CINs. We further reveal that Er81 expression is required for normal CIN pause and time-locked responses to sensorimotor inputs in awake mice. Overall, this study uncovers a new cell type-specific control of CIN function in the striatum which drives habit formation in adult male mice.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAlthough previous studies have shown that cholinergic interneurons drive striatal activity and habit formation, the underlying molecular mechanisms controlling their function are unknown. Here we reveal that key cholinergic interneuron physiological properties are controlled by Er81, a transcription factor regulating neuronal activity and development in a cell-specific manner. Moreover, our findings uncover a link between the Er81-dependent molecular control of cholinergic interneuron function and habit formation in mice. These insights will contribute to the future enhancement of our understanding of disorders that involve behavioral inflexibility, such as autism and addiction.
Nox3-Derived Superoxide in Cochleae Induces Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Mohri Hiroaki , Ninoyu Yuzuru , Sakaguchi Hirofumi , Hirano Shigeru , Saito Naoaki , Ueyama Takehiko 
Published: April 2021

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NADPH oxidases (Nox) contribute to the development of different types of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), a common impairment in humans with no established treatment. Although the essential role of Nox3 in otoconia biosynthesis and its possible involvement in hearing have been reported in rodents, immunohistological methods targeted at detecting Nox3 expression in inner ear cells reveal ambiguous results. Therefore, the mechanism underlying Nox3-dependent SNHL remains unclear and warrants further investigation. We generatedNox3-Creknock-in mice, in which Nox3 was replaced withCre recombinase(Cre). UsingNox3-Cre;tdTomatomice of either sex, in which tdTomato is expressed under the control of theNox3promoter, we determined Nox3-expressing regions and cell types in the inner ear. Nox3-expressing cells in the cochlea included various types of supporting cells, outer hair cells, inner hair cells, and spiral ganglion neurons. Nox3 expression increased with cisplatin, age, and noise insults. Moreover, increased Nox3 expression in supporting cells and outer hair cells, especially at the basal turn of the cochlea, played essential roles in ROS-related SNHL. The extent of Nox3 involvement in SNHL follows the following order: cisplatin-induced hearing loss > age-related hearing loss > noise-induced hearing loss. Here, on the basis ofNox3-Cre;tdTomato, which can be used as a reporter system (Nox3-Cre+/−;tdTomato+/+andNox3-Cre+/+;tdTomato+/+), andNox3-KO (Nox3-Cre+/+;tdTomato+/+) mice, we demonstrate that Nox3 inhibition in the cochlea is a promising strategy for ROS-related SNHL, such as cisplatin-induced HL, age-related HL, and noise-induced HL.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe found Nox3-expressing regions and cell types in the inner ear, especially in the cochlea, usingNox3-Cre;tdTomatomice, a reporter system generated in this study. Nox3 expression increased with cisplatin, age, and noise insults in specific cell types in the cochlea and resulted in the loss (apoptosis) of outer hair cells. Thus, Nox3 might serve as a molecular target for the development of therapeutics for sensorineural hearing loss, particularly cisplatin-induced, age-related, and noise-induced hearing loss.