bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning‐assisted screening for cognitive impairment in the emergency department
Authors: Yadgir Simon R. , Engstrom Collin , Jacobsohn Gwen Costa , Green Rebecca K. , Jones Courtney M. C. , Cushman Jeremy T. , Caprio Thomas V. , Kind Amy J. H. , Lohmeier Michael , Shah Manish N. , Patterson Brian W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground/objectivesDespite a high prevalence and association with poor outcomes, screening to identify cognitive impairment (CI) in the emergency department (ED) is uncommon. Identification of high‐risk subsets of older adults is a critical challenge to expanding screening programs. We developed and evaluated an automated screening tool to identify a subset of patients at high risk for CI.MethodsIn this secondary analysis of existing data collected for a randomized control trial, we developed machine‐learning models to identify patients at higher risk of CI using only variables available in electronic health record (EHR). We used records from 1736 community‐dwelling adults age > 59 being discharged from three EDs. Potential CI was determined based on the Blessed Orientation Memory Concentration (BOMC) test, administered in the ED. A nested cross‐validation framework was used to evaluate machine‐learning algorithms, comparing area under the receiver‐operator curve (AUC) as the primary metric of performance.ResultsBased on BOMC scores, 121 of 1736 (7%) participants screened positive for potential CI at the time of their ED visit. The best performing algorithm, an XGBoost model, predicted BOMC positivity with an AUC of 0.72. With a classification threshold of 0.4, this model had a sensitivity of 0.73, a specificity of 0.64, a negative predictive value of 0.97, and a positive predictive value of 0.13. In a hypothetical ED with 200 older adult visits per week, the use of this model would lead to a decrease in the in‐person screening burden from 200 to 77 individuals in order to detect 10 of 14 patients who would fail a BOMC.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that an algorithm based on EHR data can define a subset of patients at higher risk for CI. Incorporating such an algorithm into a screening workflow could allow screening efforts and resources to be focused where they have the most impact.
Regulation of root secondary metabolites by partial root‐associated microbiotas under the shaping of licorice ecotypic differentiation in northwest China
Authors: Liu Yang , Wang Hao , Peng Ziheng , Li Da , Chen Weimin , Jiao Shuo , Wei Gehong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInteractions between plant hosts and their microbiotas are becoming increasingly evident, while the effects of plant communities on microbial communities in different geographic environments are poorly understood. Here, the differentiation of licorice plant ecotypes and the distribution of root‐associated microbiotas were investigated across five sampling sites in northwest China. The interactions between the environment, plant and microbial communities, and their effects on licorice root secondary metabolites, were elucidated. The plant community was clearly differentiated into distinct ecotypes based on genotyping‐by‐sequencing and was primarily driven by geographic distance and available soil nitrogen. The bulk soil and root‐associated microbiotas (rhizosphere soil and root endosphere) partially correlated with plant community, but all were significantly discriminated by plant clade. Moreover, these microbiotas were explained to different extents by distinct combinations of environment, geography, and plant community. Similarly, three structural equation models showed that licorice root secondary metabolites were complicatedly modulated by multiple abiotic and biotic factors, and were mostly explained by these factors in the rhizosphere model. Collectively, the results provide novel insights into the role of environment–plant–microbiota interactions in regulating root secondary metabolites. That should be accounted for when selecting appropriate licorice planting sites and management measures.
Turnover of diacylglycerol kinase 4 by cytoplasmic acidification induces vacuole morphological change and nuclear DNA degradation in the early stage of pear self‐incompatibility response
Authors: Kong Xiao‐Xiong , Mei Jia‐Wei , Zhang Jing , Liu Xiao , Wu Ju‐You , Wang Chun‐Lei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPear has an S‐RNase‐based gametophytic self‐incompatibility (SI) system. Nuclear DNA degradation is a typical feature of incompatible pollen tube death, and is among the many physiological functions of vacuoles. However, the specific changes that occur in vacuoles, as well as the associated regulatory mechanism in pear SI, are currently unclear. Although research in tobacco has shown that decreased activity of diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) results in the morphological change of pollen tube vacuole, whether DGK regulates the pollen tube vacuole of tree plants and whether it occurs in SI response, is currently unclear. We found that DGK activity is essential for pear pollen tube growth, and DGK4 regulates pollen tube vacuole morphology following its high expression and deposition at the tip and shank edge of the pollen tube of pear. Specifically, incompatible S‐RNase may induce cytoplasmic acidification of the pollen tube by inhibiting V‐ATPase V0 domain a1 subunit gene expression as early as 30 min after treatment, when the pollen tube is still alive. Cytoplasmic acidification induced by incompatible S‐RNase results in reduced DGK4 abundance and deposition, leading to morphological change of the vacuole and fragmentation of nuclear DNA, which indicates that DGK4 is a key factor in pear SI response.
Efficacy, tolerability, and safety of montelukast versus finasteride for the treatment of moderate acne in women: A prospective, randomized, single‐blinded, active‐controlled trial
Authors: Rokni Ghasem Rahmatpour , Mohammadnezhad Farzaneh , Saeedi Majid , Shadi Shiva , Sharma Aseem , Sandhu Sunmeet , Gupta Atula , Goldust Mohamad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcne is a chronic inflammatory skin disease which involves the pilosebaceous unit. Tissue inflammation isone of the crucial mechanisms, amongst others. Of the various cytokines, leukotriene B4 (LT‐B4) is the most potentleucocyte chemotactic mediator. Montelukast is an antagonist of the LT‐B4 receptor. Finasteride is an antiandrogen whichspecifically inhibits the 5α‐reductase enzyme.AimsThis study aimed at comparing the efficacy, tolerability and safety of montelukast versus finasteride in the treatmentof moderate acne in women.Patients/MethodThis randomized, single‐blinded, prospective trial over 12 weeks recruited 65 female subjects with moderate acne vulgaris (Global Acne Grading System Scale) for evaluation. One group (n = 30) received oral montelukast (10 mg PO daily), while the second group (n = 25) received oral finasteride (2.5 mg PO daily) in combination with topical clindamycin 2% solution. Lesion count and acne severity were evaluated at time intervals of 0 (baseline), 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Adverse effects of the drugs were noted.ResultsBoth lesion count and severity of acne decreased significantly after treatment in both the groups as compared to the baseline. The acne severity score reached from 33.93 in time zero to 20.6 in the 12th week and 35.71 at baseline to 16.43 at the end of treatment in the Montelukast and Finasteride groups, respectively. Side effects were noted in 3 patients and 2 patients in the monteleukast and finasteride group, respectively, which were transient and non‐serious in nature proving the satisfactory tolerability and safety of these two drugs.ConclusionThe results of this study show that both montelukast and finasteride have good efficacy in the treatment of acne. Finasteride has more efficacy than montelukast for treating moderate acne in normo‐androgenic women.
Mental health and psychological resilience among acne vulgaris patients during the pandemic: A cross‐sectional controlled study
Authors: Sagaltici Eser , Tas Betul 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe current literature has not yet addressed mental health among acne vulgaris (AV) patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic.ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the psychological status of AV patients and analyze the influencing factors on psychological symptoms, during the pandemic.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included consecutively selected 220 eligible AV patients and 190 age/sex‐matched healthy subjects. The Post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) checklist for DSM‐5, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale‐21, Brief Resilience Scale, and the Stressful Life Events List resulting from the pandemic were administered to the participants.ResultsThere were not significantly differences between the AV patients and the control group in terms of depression, anxiety, stress, psychological resilience levels, and experienced stressful life events. Probable PTSD rate was significantly higher for AV patients (16.4%) than the control groups (9.5%) (p = 0.040). High levels of depression and anxiety, low psychological resilience, and high levels in experienced traumatic life events predicted high severity in PTSD symptoms, whereas low psychological resilience predicted high levels of depression, anxiety, and stress in AV patients.ConclusionsAV patients are at high risk of developing PTSD during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The obtained results highlight the need to assess their psychological state, in particular those with low psychological resilience.
Acne scar treatment using high‐energy fractional nanosecond Q‐switched 1064 nm laser
Authors: Mani Nasrin , Zorman Anže 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of high‐energy ablative fractional nanosecond Q‐switched 1064 nm laser therapy for acne scars.Material and methodsForty‐six patients aged from 16 to 69 years and of Fitzpatrick skin type from 2 to 4 were included in this retrospective study. Multiple passes were delivered with a fractional 1064‐nm handpiece at high energy. Results were evaluated using blinded analysis of patient before and after photographs and also by evaluating patient satisfaction.ResultsMost patients (75%) were improved or very improved according to blinded evaluation. Patient satisfaction was high. No hypo/hyperpigmentation, scarring, or any other side effects were reported by any of the patients.ConclusionsThe study demonstrated good clinical outcomes in facial acne scar management with a high patient satisfaction rate and no adverse side effects.
Uncertainty, GVC participation and the export of Chinese firms
Authors: Wang Xiaosong , Wu Huan , Li Le , Liu Lu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIncreasing uncertainty has hindered the development of international trade in recent years. Participating in the global value chain (GVC) has become one way for Chinese export firms to deal with uncertainty and reduce external risks. Based on trade theory with heterogeneous firms, this study constructs a theoretical framework encompassing uncertainty and GVC participation. We find that uncertainty inhibits the export of firms, but GVC participation can alleviate the negative impact of uncertainty, which is verified through empirical analysis. Additionally, mechanism analysis reveals that GVC participation plays a moderating role through product diversity, market diversity, cost‐saving effects, and quality‐improving effects. This study demonstrates that in the absence of serious adverse events, GVC is highly efficient. Accordingly, China should actively participate in the governance of the COVID‐19 pandemic, reduce the external uncertainty faced by Chinese export firms, promote the return of an efficient GVC, and further ameliorate the negative impact of uncertainty.
Literature review on the impact of welfare policy design on children and youth
Authors: Broadway Barbara , LoRiggio Tessa , Ryan Chris , Zhu Anna 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe review the empirical literature on the causal effects of welfare‐to‐work policies on the employment of low‐income parents and the intergenerational impacts on their children. We focus on welfare policies that change benefit levels, activity requirements, time limits, and in‐work benefits. These policies may affect children through several mechanisms, including changes in family income, time spent with parents, and attitudes towards work or welfare. To unpack these mechanisms and understand the net effects of these policies, we assess how the impact on children varies across outcomes, home environments and institutional settings. Overall, the literature shows that income tax credits are an attractive policy, simultaneously increasing employment and improving child development outcomes. In contrast, other policies that boost employment either have no or negative impacts on child development.
How rational is gambling?
Authors: Stetzka Robin Maximilian , Winter Stefan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe typical gambler loses money but continues to gamble nonetheless. Why? Research from orthodox and behavioral economics, psychology, sociology, and medicine has offered a wide range of possible explanations. This paper reviews these explanations. The evidence is organized according to the degree of rationality assumed and/or found in the studies. This approach allows research from highly distinctive fields to be integrated within a unified framework. Gambling patterns are so highly dispersed that no satisfying one‐fits‐all explanation is possible. The findings suggest that the whole spectrum from rationality to highly destructive irrationality can be found within the gambler population.
Household debt and macroeconomic stability: An empirical stock‐flow consistent model for the Danish economy
Authors: Byrialsen Mikael Randrup , Raza Hamid 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper addresses the issue of household debt in the Danish economy. We develop a large‐scale stock‐flow consistent model. The model has five main sectors namely, household, firms, financial corporations, government, and the rest of the world sectors. We use the model to explore the macroeconomic stability of the Danish economy, given the recent level of household debt. We fit the model to annual data from 1998 to 2016, estimate the structural parameters, and simulate the model for a baseline scenario, against which we compare and contrast the effects of different economic shocks. To assess the macroeconomic risks associated with high household debt, we introduce two shocks separately—a fall in house prices and a rise in interest rates—finding that these shocks have adverse effects on the economy. Focusing on macroeconomic stability, we find that private domestic demand seems to be relatively sensitive to the changes in interest rates and house prices, but the overall output is less affected, mainly due to strong current account surplus. Overall, it can be concluded that in the absence of global shocks, domestic shocks to the economy may not pose a serious risk to macroeconomic stability, when purely focusing on the sensitivity of output growth and unemployment.
Joint location and assignment optimization of multi‐type fire vehicles
Authors: Liu Han , Soleimaniamiri Saeid , Li Xiaopeng , Xie Siyang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFire service quality relies on fast response and cooperation of various types of responders to maintain efficient operations and reliable rescue services. This paper investigates a joint location and assignment optimization (JLAO) problem, where fire vehicles from different fire stations can be dispatched jointly as a cooperative unit in a fire rescue operation. We first propose a mixed integer non‐linear program to optimize the station location and vehicle assignment decisions, aiming to minimize the total system cost including facility construction, operations cost, and fire damage losses. We proposed a Stingy‐Interchange (SI) algorithm to efficiently solve this problem to a near‐optimal solution. The JLAO model and the proposed solution method are then applied to hypothetical instances with different sizes and parameter settings to compare the performance of the SI algorithm with a commercial solver (Gurobi). An empirical case study on a major city is conducted to reveal insights on how cost measures are affected by key parameters.
Knowledge, barriers, and training needs of nurses working in delirium care
Authors: Lee Gyeongseon , Roh Young Sook 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundNurses' competency in delirium care is important because delirium can extend hospitalization and increase patient mortality.AimThis study aimed at identifying and comparing the perceived knowledge, barriers, importance, performance, and training priorities between the intensive care unit (ICU) and ward nurses working in delirium care.Study designThis cross‐sectional descriptive study included 71 ICU nurses and 149 ward nurses at one university hospital. Nurses' self‐reported knowledge, barriers, importance, and performance of delirium care were surveyed. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi‐squared test or Fisher's exact test, Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests, Mann‐Whitney U tests, and the importance‐performance analysis matrix.ResultsCompared to ward nurses, ICU nurses reported lower overall knowledge level (57.1% vs 60.7%, z = −2.005, P = .045) but higher overall gap between the importance and performance of delirium care (0.5 vs 0.2, z = −4.008, P < .001). The level of overall barriers to delirium care was similar between the two groups (3.8 vs 3.8, z = −1.190, P = .234). The highest training priority, showing high importance but low performance in the importance‐performance matrix, was “family involvement and education” for ICU nurses and “non‐pharmacological management” for ward nurses.ConclusionsThe highest training priority for delirium care was different between ICU and ward nurses. To enhance the delirium care competency of hospital nurses, the nurse educator should develop training programs that target knowledge deficits, perceived barriers, and training priorities.Relevance to clinical practiceAcute cognitive disturbances are common in patients hospitalized in wards and ICUs and can lead to adverse patient outcomes if not properly assessed and managed. Nurse educators need to develop and implement a training program based on the needs assessment and priorities identified in this study so that ICU and ward nurses can obtain the optimal level of delirium care competency.
Optimising social conditions to improve autonomy in communication and care for ethnic minority residents in nursing homes: A meta‐synthesis of qualitative research
Authors: Xiao Lily D. , Chen Li , Han Weifeng , Meyer Claudia , Müller Amanda , Low Lee‐Fay , Brijnath Bianca , Mohammadi Leila 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA large proportion of nursing home residents in developed countries come from ethnic minority groups. Unmet care needs and poor quality of care for this resident population have been widely reported. This systematic review aimed to explore social conditions affecting ethnic minority residents' ability to exercise their autonomy in communication and care while in nursing homes. In total, 19 studies were included in the review. Findings revealed that ethno‐specific nursing homes create the ideal social condition for residents to express their care needs and preferences in a language of choice. In nonethno‐specific nursing homes, staff cultural competence and nursing home commitment to culturally safe care are crucial social conditions that enable this group of residents to fulfil their autonomy in communicating and in participating in their care. In contrast, social conditions that undermine residents' ability to express their care needs and preferences include low levels of staff cultural awareness and cultural desire, negative attitudes towards residents and limited organisational support for staff to improve culturally responsive and culturally safe care. In conclusion, it is important to optimise the social conditions to support ethnic minority residents to communicate their care needs and preferences.
Regulation of plant immunity and growth by tomato receptor‐like cytoplasmic kinase TRK1
Authors: Jaiswal Namrata , Liao Chao‐Jan , Mengesha Bemnet , Han Han , Lee Sanghun , Sharon Amir , Zhou Yun , Mengiste Tesfaye 
Published: October 2021

Summary

The molecular mechanisms of quantitative resistance (QR) to fungal pathogens and their relationships with growth pathways are poorly understood.

We identified tomato TRK1 (TPK1b Related Kinase1) and determined its functions in tomato QR and plant growth. TRK1 is a receptor‐like cytoplasmic kinase that complexes with tomato LysM Receptor Kinase (SlLYK1). SlLYK1 and TRK1 are required for chitin‐induced fungal resistance, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and expression of immune response genes. Notably, TRK1 and SlLYK1 regulate SlMYC2, a major transcriptional regulator of jasmonic acid (JA) responses and fungal resistance, at transcriptional and post‐transcriptional levels.

Further, TRK1 is also required for maintenance of proper meristem growth, as revealed by the ectopic meristematic activity, enhanced branching, and altered floral structures in TRK1 RNAi plants. Consistently, TRK1 interacts with SlCLV1 and SlWUS, and TRK1 RNAi plants show increased expression of SlCLV3 and SlWUS in shoot apices. Interestingly, TRK1 suppresses chitin‐induced gene expression in meristems but promotes expression of the same genes in leaves. SlCLV1 and TRK1 perform contrasting functions in defense but similar functions in plant growth.

Overall, through molecular and biochemical interactions with critical regulators, TRK1 links upstream defense and growth signals to downstream factor in fungal resistance and growth homeostasis response regulators.
Deciphering the synergistic and redundant roles of CG and non‐CG DNA methylation in plant development and transposable element silencing
Authors: Liang Wenjie , Li Jinchao , Sun Linhua , Liu Yi , Lan Zijun , Qian Weiqiang 
Published: October 2021

Summary

DNA methylation plays key roles in transposable element (TE) silencing and gene expression regulation. DNA methylation occurs at CG, CHG and CHH sequence contexts in plants. However, the synergistic and redundant roles of CG and non‐CG methylation are poorly understood.

By introducing CRISPR/Cas9‐induced met1 mutation into the ddcc (drm1 drm2 cmt2 cmt3) mutant, we attempted to knock out all five DNA methyltransferases in Arabidopsis and then investigate the synergistic and redundant roles of CG and non‐CG DNA methylation.

We found that the homozygous ddcc met1 quintuple mutants are embryonically lethal, although met1 and ddcc mutants only display some developmental abnormalities. Unexpectedly, the ddcc met1 quintuple mutations only reduce transmission through the male gametophytes. The ddcc met1+/− mutants show apparent size divergence, which is not associated with difference in DNA methylation patterns, but associated with the difference in the levels of DNA damage. Finally, we show that a group of TEs are specifically activated in the ddcc met1+/− mutants.

This work reveals that CG and non‐CG DNA methylation synergistically and redundantly regulate plant reproductive development, vegetative development and TE silencing in Arabidopsis. Our findings provide insights into the roles of DNA methylation in plant development.