bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Crumb of Tires in Hot Asphalt Mixture as a Part of Aggregate
Authors: Mohammed Al-Hasani , Yang Qun , Al-Bukhaiti Khalil 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Scrap tires are a major part of the global solid waste management problem. In recent years, the problem of waste tires has become very acute that there is an urgent need to find an optimal and efficient way to use scrap tires in asphalt mixtures. The previous studies showed that the utilization of crumb of tires has more effect on asphalt mixture performance, which is represented increasing in the Marshall Stability and increasing crumb of tires causes increasing in Marshall Flow and increasing in air voids content additionally more than original mixes. This paper used crumb of tires in asphalt mixture as a part of aggregate. Three sizes of the grade of crumb tires were used in asphalt mixture No. 4 (4.75 mm), No. 8 (2.36) mm and No. 50 (300µmm). Three percentages of asphalt binder (4, 5 and 6) by weight with three percentages of crumb tires (2, 4 and 8) % by weight also were used with aggregates for preparing asphalt mixture specimens. Asphalt mixture specimens were conducted according to Marshall Methods. Thirty-six specimens were equipped for evaluating Marshall Properties (Marshall Stability and flow, air voids percentage, bulk density, maximum bulk density, and Marshall Stiffness). Indirect Tensile Strength test (ITS) has been applied to obtain the cracking resistance of asphalt mixture using twenty-four specimens, which contains crumb tires. The results showed that the applying of the crumb tires has a significant performance of asphalt mixture by increasing the Marshall stability, flow, air voids, and decreasing bulk density and indirect tensile strength compared to the original mixtures.
The Effectiveness and Efficiency of Implementing Fast Set Concrete in Reparation and Reinstatement of Concrete Pavements
Authors: Tean Teoh Sze 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The aim of this research is to determine the average compressive strength of fast set concrete with different formulations and their viabilities to be adopted for reparation and reinstatement works in concrete pavements especially when time is critical consideration. Fosroc’s Patchroc Rapid Setting Patch (RSP) cement was used as one of the components of the concrete. Conventionally, the recommended thickness for fast set concrete is only up to 75mm. With the technical supports from Fosroc (UK), we made a breakthrough by manipulating the design mix ratio and allow the fast set concrete remains its optimum performance with thickness up to 400mm. For the testing methodology, ten batches of concrete cube samples were produced, and each batch consists of ten numbers of samples. We are working on different mix design to determine the design with highest strength. All samples are tested in laboratory to ascertain their compressive strengths at 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 28 days, 60 days and 90 days. Findings and analysis from several successful fast set concrete projects in Singapore Changi Airport were carried out and the data will be presented in this paper as well. Based on the most recent results, we are able to produce fast set concrete that achieve initial compressive strength more than 40MPa at 3 hours and the strength is increasing gradually with time. The projects using fast set concrete in aircraft pavement reparation and reinstatement were effective and efficient with minimum disturbance to the aircraft operation. From these results, we can conclude that fast set concrete could bring remarkable benefits and contributions to reparation and reinstatement works on operational area. This is because fast set concrete able to gain high early strength and the time for closure can be reduced drastically.
Effect of Polymer and Warm mix Modification on Asphalt Mixture Properties
Authors: Singh Bhupendra , Saboo Nikhil , Kumar Praveen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Among various kinds of asphalt binder modification methods, polymer modification and warm mix modification are two of the most popular ones. While polymer modification improves the lower and higher temperature performances of the asphalt mixture, warm mix modification reduces the mixing and compaction temperatures. So, the present study examines the effect of warm mix and polymer modification on the Marshall properties and moisture susceptibility of the asphalt mixes. In order to take advantage of both these popular modification methods, warm mix polymer modified bitumen (WMPMB) was prepared by mixing polymer and warm mix modifier in the conventional binder. The effect of the combined modification (warm mix and polymer) was studied with the help of experiments on the asphalt binders and mixtures. Based on the results it is concluded that using both the modifiers together we can avail the benefits of both the modification methods.
Blending of RAPM samples with virgin binder: a study using FTIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Bora Bhaswati , Das Animesh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the bitumen recycling process, aged binder from reclaimed asphalt pavement material (RAPM) and virgin binder (which is added externally) get blended. The extent of blending depends on several factors. In this study, RAPM sample is kept in a pool of virgin binder and the extent of blending is studied (by taking samples from the blended binder) with the variation of temperature and RAPM size. Subsequently, the extent of blending is studied for two different RAPM samples of different ageing levels. Appropriate level of temperature and adequate mixing (by stirring) is maintained so as to create a favourable condition for blending between the aged and virgin binder to occur. After the test, the blended binder is retrieved and its chemical composition is analysed using FTIR spectroscopy, and the results are compared.
Innovative bitumen technology to reduce impact on air quality
Authors: Guwe V , Read J , Taylor R , Vasudevan J , Hanumanthgari R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
With increasing environmental awareness, air quality is a topic of intense discussion and focus with many environment authorities/agencies setting targets aiming to improve air quality. Reducing the impact on air quality from road construction and maintenance activities plays a part in a holistic approach to improving air quality, particularly in the urban environment. This paper describes an innovative bitumen technology which can help reduce the impact on local air quality from bitumen and asphalt mixtures during asphalt manufacture and pavement installation. It presents laboratory experiments designed to replicate the end-to-end aspects of the bitumen supply chain; starting from refineries and storage depots to paving at road construction sites. The laboratory results have shown substantial reductions in a range of air quality indicators, such as SOx, NOx, particulate emissions, volatile organic content emission as well as in other potential nuisances such as H2S and odour. Full scale field evaluations carried out in major cities have reflected the results obtained in the laboratory and show a reduction in the emission of specific gases and particulates at various points of the asphalt preparation and pavement laying process. This bitumen technology plays a role as part of the holistic solution in improving air quality in the urban environment.
Non-Destructive Assessment of The Quality of Asphalt Laboratory Samples
Authors: Zargar M , Bullen F 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In addition to instrumentation accuracy and test repeatability, the correlation of asphalt test data is very dependent on targeted “known” properties of asphalt samples or cores, such as air voids. In the case of air voids, sample preparation targets the desired sample attribute, however an assessment of the true air voids and their distribution within asphalt samples remains a challenge. Current assessment is usually via visual inspection and measuring the total air voids within the sample. However, such an approach fails to evaluate important factors such as air voids distribution and aggregate structure. In the case of testing regimes that are localised on test samples, the true air voids at the test location is essential for proper data correlation. In this study, an Ultrasonic Wave Transmission (UWT) technique was developed and applied as a non-destructive test to better assess the true localised air void properties of asphalt samples. The data correlation outcomes significantly changed the performance rankings of asphalt mixes and indicated that the UWT technique has excellent potential as a supplementary tool for evaluating asphalt laboratory samples.
Establishing stress boundaries for various loading and pavement configuration
Authors: Malhas Yazeed , Muniandy Ratnasamy , Hassim Salihudin , Jakarni Fauzan Mohd 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article is aimed to understand the relationship between stress and pavement components and finding the boundaries of the vertical and lateral stress distribution. It is carried out on four-layer pavement structure to understand the load distribution behavior through different type of materials in each layer with different resilience modulus values and different thickness. This analysis supports us to improve the pavement design accuracy and realistic, which will reduce the road maintenance cost and increase the pavement service life. Several simplifying assumptions regarding tire load applied location has been used. Therefore, 25,000 different vertical stress values in form of 125 different set of data (difference loading and pavement configuration) under five different loading conditions were analyzed using the KENPAVE software (using mechanistic empirical design method). Conclusions from the data and plot analysis show that pavement layer load distribution is affected unevenly as the effect of thickness is greater than the impact of the strength of the layer. Moreover, the results showed that there is a theoretical boundary for load distribution in the lateral direction at the bottom of the surface layer between (8 in - 14.5 in), bottom of base layer (10 in - 19.5 in) and bottom of sub-surface layer (12 in - 22 in). The stress distribution might be used as an indicator for engineers to determine the pavement behavior under an applied load.
Improve Recycled Concrete Aggregate properties in Order to Use It in Paving Application as Aggregate
Authors: Safa Eldeen Gailan Ismat , Jakarni Fauzan Mohd , Al-Attar Alyaa A. , Muniandy Ratnasamy , Hassim Salihudin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The amount of crushed cement concrete continues to increase daily as a result of the demolition of old structures, thereby increasing pollution. To cope with the pressure imposed by the rise in environmental awareness and the stringent disposal regulations set by environmental protection agencies, effective measures for handling and disposing of crushed concrete must be implemented. Instead of simply disposing of crushed concrete, alternative efforts should be considered to utilize it as a recyclable material. The objective of this study was to improve recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) to be able to using it in paving application. Three types of treatments applied to improve RCA properties. In this study three types of treatment were used to improve RCA properties. Theses treatment are soak RCA in HCL acid for 24 hours, grind RCA in Los Angeles Abrasion machine, re-grind RCA particle in jaw crush machine. In order to evaluate each treatment the aggregate properties are determined. All properties were determined for RCA passing and retained sieve size of 5 mm and 1.18 mm respectively. The calculated properties are bulk specific gravity of aggregate, absorption value, abrasion value of aggregate and angularity number of RCA. The most important conclusions are Soaking RCA in HCL acid has side effect on the specific gravity of aggregate, Putting RCA in Los Angeles Abrasion machine make RCA particles more rounded. Finally, crush RCA in jaw crusher machine for second is best way to improve RCA properties.
Toward the generation of deployable distributed IoT system on the cloud
Authors: Hassan Habeeb Ahmed , Qasha Rawaa Putros 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Internet of Things contains a number of smart devices and tools that collect and communicate sensing data, with different processing services. The diversity of IoT devices and tools in terms of the resources and the required software raises DevOp challenges for the provisioning of IoT applications. In addition, the IoT system requires a number of heterogeneous computations on the devices which form altogether with the diversity of the IoT devices new issues and challenges for the deployment of the distributed IoT applications. In this paper, we propose a new approach to generate a deployable model for the distributed IoT systems that is based on simplified, user-friendly declarative description of the smart devices’ communication, configuration, installation and computation with the IoT system parts. Our approach uses the Ansible-based YAML description for modelling and implementing the deployable IoT system on different infrastructures. The aim of this work is to minimize the efforts required to deploy the distributed IoT applications on various infrastructures including the Cloud by utilizing a simple description of the application and system components of the IoT application and environment. We motivate our work with real use case scenarios including a number of sensors, Raspberry Pi, local machine and AWS Cloud instances to show its feasibility and validity. Finally, an evaluation of our proposed approach is presented by conducting a number of experiments.
Fish dryer with heat condensor refrigerator using solar energy
Authors: Songli Yulianus , Pasau Kristiana , Kassa Agustina , Rantererung Corvis L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The fish dryer used is an innovation that utilizes the exhaust heat of the Refrigerator condensor using solar energy. The fish cooling system has an evaporator component with very low pressure and temperature so that it can absorb heat or cool the fish, while the refrigerator condensor functions to dissipate heat. The potential for condensor exhaust heat reaches a very good temperature as a source of heat energy for fish drying for fishermen. The test method is carried out on the dryer using the exhaust heat of a solar-powered refrigerator condensor as a heater in the fish drying rack space. The material in the form of dried fish is split beforehand so that the fish meat can easily release water content and dry quickly. This research was conducted by measuring the exhaust heat temperature of the Refrigerator condensor pipe which is placed in the fish drying rack space and decreasing the mass and water content of the fish. The results of this study produce a new method of utilizing the Refrigerator condensor exhaust heat that has not yet been available. The facts in the field show that the refrigerator condenser exhaust heat is very potential and effective to be used to dry fish. Drying takes place under controlled temperature, the exhaust heat from the condenser can reach 65.3 °C and dry fish reaches a moisture content of 10.50%.
Design and Fabrication of 3-Axes Mini CNC Milling Machine
Authors: Ali Saad Mahmood , Mohsin Haider 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The main aims of the current work are to explore the theoretical and technical procedures for design, fabricate, assembly, and testing of the electromechanical subsystems for developing a high precision cost-effective mini three-axis vertical CNC milling machine with an easy interface, high speed, less power consumption, safety and durable for rapid prototyping machining, small parts and engraving small features in the electrical and medical industry. The new Mach3mill G-Code CAD/CAM software package runs on a PC and turns it into a very powerful and economical machine controller. The 3Axis CNC driver board type Kit TB6560 was used as a micro-stepping drive for the smooth drive of the selected stepper motors. The fabricated prototype CNC milling machine with an easy interface that can interpret standard G-M codes. The fabricated machine router was tested and calibrated to determine its accuracy in different position modes for surface flatness, axes perpendicularity, and several geometric accuracies such as positioning, straightness under specific tool paths, and feed rate. The results misalignment lay around +0,01 and -0,01 mm. This means that the fabricated prototype machine movements contain 0.13° tilting on X-axis and 0.22° tilting on Y-axis. After comparison and making the required improvements in both electrical and mechanical design, the machine is in a position to milling a complex contour on soft metals with considerable accuracy and speed.
Design and Implementation of Tracking a user’s Behavior in a Smart Home
Authors: Abbas Ammar Farooq , Abdullah Mahmood Zaki 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A smart home is automated structures with control contraptions and presented area; it comes with advanced sensing and automation systems to supply the inhabitants with monitoring and management no matter if they are in the home or outside. In light of the developments that are taking place in the smart home, machine learning, and the needs of the home, which makes the appropriate decisions based on the user’s behavior of the smart home, and the use of development in technology to facilitate the general requirements of people. Modern smart home systems tend to be standalone solutions that focus on lifestyle needs using a smart control system, such as lighting and temperature control. Ubiquitous home expects the emergence where sophisticated (Ambient intelligent) systems monitor and learn user’s behavior and lifestyles and enable the home to predict and respond to all the needs and activities of home occupants. During perception, residents perform their daily routine while the in-house embedded sensors transmit and store the readings in a database. By doing so, the intelligent agent uses these readings to generate knowledge, such as patterns and trends. Thus, it can predict based on the built knowledge to enable the smart home to identify and automate the action that meets the occupants’ aims.
Najaf Zero Energy House, Suggestions for Design & Construction
Authors: Hussain Tahseen Ali , Hachim Dhafer Manea , Salih Salah M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
As a result of intensive efforts in preserving the environment and reducing the use of fossil fuels, the idea of zero energy houses has spread in recent decades. The zero-energy house is a house that depends almost entirely on natural sources to provide the needed energy which is not polluting the environment. This idea has been adopted in many countries and states, where each region has a unique design for the zero-energy houses based on the environmental, social, economic, and geographical conditions of that area. In this research, it will be presented firstly a set of proposals to be taken in the design and construction of the zero energy house in the Najaf area in the middle of Iraq. Eight steps were prposed to design and build the Najaf Zero Energy House(NZEH). Some of these steps is the selection of location (site) and design of the house in terms of configuration and direction as well as the criteria for the design of the interior spaces, then the selection of energy systems and the management of water sources, down to the selection of lighting equipment, covering materials and colorants. From the research conclusions, the passive cooling and ventilation due to the climatic conditions characterized by Iraq in general and Najaf, in particular, should be emphasized. It was also concluded that the social traditions and customs greatly influence the architectural design and the choice of the necessary components of this house.
Experimental Study of A LiCl-H2O Bubble Pump Solar Absorption Cooling System
Authors: Hashim Noora A , Kassim Muna S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
An experimental test rig is constructed and designed according to the results obtained from a thermodynamics model solves by EES software assuming a constant generator, condenser, absorber, and evaporator temperatures to study a bubble pump’s performance solar absorption cooling system. The whole system consists of a parabolic trough solar collector, a generator, a condenser, an absorber, an evaporator, and a cooling water system. The used PTC area is designed according to the quantity of thermal energy required to operate the bubble pump cooling system and the minimum solar radiation incident at Kufa city (Najaf/Iraq), which lies on (32°N and 44°E). A modification is added to the collector receiver to ensure water exposure to solar energy for a longer time. The weather features that affected system performance like the solar radiation incident and the ambient temperature are measured for each test. The maximum recorded receiver temperature is 122 °C without water flow, and it is reached to 90.5°C as a maximum in case of water flow through the receiver. The water in the storage tank is reached to 89 C as a maximum. The collector thermal efficiency reaches its maximum value of 69.2 % for a water flow rate of 0.3315 kg/s, while the maximum efficiency at 0.189 kg/s is 68.3%. The maximum recorded generator temperature is 87°C, and at the same test, a minimum evaporator temperature of 17°C is obtained at an ambient temperature of 46.8 °C.
The Interrelationship between the Methods used to Determine the Workability of Concrete
Authors: Salman Mohammed Mosleh , Zghair Luma Abdul Ghani , Jumaa Nada Hadi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Workability is one of the factors that affect concrete strength and durability in addition to the cost of labor and the appearance of the final product. It is a vital feature of the concrete that must be measured properly to ensure the quality of concrete. This paper presents a method for predicting equations for workability of concrete and correlation between the workability tests by using Pearson correlation coefficient. The results show that the developed model is accurate and it can be used for prediction of the workability parameters with a high degree of accuracy. Based on statistical analysis, the correlation was significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed) between the workability of concrete tests. Regression equation relating compacting factor and slump was based on nonlinear general equations (C= 0.5371S^0.1204) and also nonlinear equations were found between Vebe and slump tests (V = 8.0689e−0.0175x).