bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract PO-060: Individualized prediction of meningioma recurrence risk over prolonged time periods
Authors: Mamatjan Yasin , Nassiri Farshad , Salih Mira , Aldape Kenneth , Zadeh Gelareh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Rationale and purpose: Meningiomas are benign tumors, but significant number of meningiomas display risk of early tumor recurrence. The inter-observer variability among pathologists for grading and some indistinguishable features of meningioma under the microscope prevent accurate prediction of recurrence risk that critically limits appropriate treatment and management of patients who may benefit from adjuvant radiation therapy. We aim to develop individualized prediction of meningioma recurrence risk over prolonged time periods using DNA methylation signatures and other associated clinical factors. Method: The recurrence risk predictor is based on continuous survival random-forest modelling to calculate the probabilities of a recurrence for each meningioma patient over various prolonged time frames. We processed over 500 meningioma samples using our machine-learning model that predicts probability of tumor recurrence based on methylation data. We used Random Forest based Rangers package as the survival model that returns the probabilities of a recurrence not happening over various prolonged time frames. Result: Methylation-based predictor distinguishes high-low risk groups over prolonged time periods. The predictor was validated using external validation cohort based on the selected probes and original training model. We found that methylation based predictor has potential to identify in patients with grade II meningiomas especially, while it also can identify grade I patients with higher recurrence risk over prolonged time periods. Conclusion: There were limitations of standard of care classifications in meningioma especially for Grade 2 patients due to significant intra- and inter-observer variability for grading and selection of patients for treatment. The individualized risk predictor can help determining the decisions regarding adjuvant radiation treatment versus observation along for each meningioma patient in the clinic.
Citation Format: Yasin Mamatjan, Farshad Nassiri, Mira Salih, Kenneth Aldape, Gelareh Zadeh. Individualized prediction of meningioma recurrence risk over prolonged time periods [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Diagnosis, and Imaging; 2021 Jan 13-14. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(5_Suppl):Abstract nr PO-060.
Abstract PO-068: Developing ovarian cancer sensors using molecular perceptron
Authors: Yaari Zvi , Yang Yoona , Jagota Anand , Zheng Ming , Heller Daniel A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Ovarian cancer patient prognosis and quality of life are significantly affected by the failure to accurately diagnose disease at early stage. Currently, less than 15% of ovarian cancer patients are diagnosed at stage 1, when 5-year survival rates are near 93%. Early detection may save more than 80% of women diagnosed with ovarian cancer. Our goal is to develop clinical long-term implantable carbon nanotube-based sensors for ovarian cancer biomarkers to transiently detect and monitor their levels in patients. The proposed sensors will harness the unique optical properties and sensitivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes. To improve sensitivity and specificity of such sensors, previously developed to detect ovarian cancer biomarkers in vivo, we used molecular perceptron—data analytics-based methods to detect specific spectroscopic fingerprints from the binding of protein biomarkers to the nanotube surface.
Citation Format: Zvi Yaari, Yoona Yang, Anand Jagota, Ming Zheng, Daniel A. Heller. Developing ovarian cancer sensors using molecular perceptron [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Diagnosis, and Imaging; 2021 Jan 13-14. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(5_Suppl):Abstract nr PO-068.
Economic Evaluation of Andexanet Versus Prothrombin Complex Concentrate for Reversal of Factor Xa-Associated Intracranial Hemorrhage
Authors: Micieli Andrew , Demchuk Andrew M. , Wijeysundera Harindra C. 
Published: March 2021

Background and Purpose:
Andexanet was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2018 for reversal of life-threatening or uncontrolled bleeding associated with factor Xa anticoagulation; however, the cost-effectiveness of Andexanet compared with standard of care (ie, prothrombin complex concentrate, PCC) in patients with factor Xa–associated intracranial hemorrhage (ICrH) is unknown.

Methods:
Cost-effectiveness analysis using a Markov cohort decision analytic model with a lifetime horizon was completed to determine the costs and benefits of Andexanet compared with PCC for reversal of factor Xa–associated ICrH. The population of interest was patients living in Canada on chronic factor Xa inhibitors for prevention of ischemic stroke in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation or the prevention/treatment of venous thromboembolism, presenting with an ICrH. Outcomes of interest were life expectancy (measured in years), quality-adjusted life years (QALY), costs (reported in 2020 Canadian dollars), and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.

Results:
An overall reduction in fatal ICrH and increase in thromboembolic events was associated with Andexanet compared with PCC. Andexanet had the highest discounted life expectancy of 2.53 years and a discounted QALY of 1.55. PCC had a discounted life expectancy of 2.09 years and a discounted QALY of 1.28. The average discounted lifetime costs were $237 177 Canadian dollars for Andexanet and $177 871 Canadian dollars for PCC. The strategy of Andexanet had an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was $219 652 per QALY gained compared with the comparator of PCC. The probabilistic sensitivity analyses demonstrated that Andexanet (at its current cost) was cost-effective in 19% of simulations using a willingness-to-pay threshold of $50 000/QALY and 33% of simulations at $150 000/QALY. A 1-way sensitivity analysis found that for the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio to be <$150 000/QALY gained, Andexanet high or standard dosing would require a price reduction to <$24 000 Canadian (at current baseline efficacy).

Conclusions:
Based on available evidence, Andexanet represents low value for reversal of factor Xa–associated ICrH; however, there is substantial uncertainty reflecting the currently available data. Further comparative evidence and costing data will become available in the future with randomized trials of Andexanet versus PCC.
Factors Affecting Posterior Glottic Stenosis Surgery Outcomes: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kremer Candice , Jiang Roy , Singh Amrita , Sukys Jordan , Brackett Alexandria , Kohli Nikita 
Published: March 2021

Objectives: To investigate surgical adjuncts (stents) and previous surgeries on outcomes from posterior glottic stenosis (PGS). Methods: PubMED/Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched for publications on adult patients undergoing surgery for PGS. Decannulation and need for additional surgeries were evaluated as outcomes. Linear mixed-effects (with random effects and fixed effects) models were used for multivariate testing. Results: In total, 516 abstracts were reviewed and 26 articles were considered for systematic review. Of these, 19 articles with 140 pooled patient cases were extracted for meta-analysis. On multivariate meta-analysis analysis accounting for study-specific variation and use of open procedures, prior surgeries were associated with additional surgeries (RR = 3.76 [1.39-3.86], P = .038) and the use of a stent was associated with a lower likelihood of decannulation (RR = 0.42 [0.09-0.98], P = .044). Conclusion: Minimizing repeat surgery is a predictor for avoiding additional future surgeries and use of a stent was correlated with poor outcomes. These 2 findings may assist providers in patient counseling regarding the need for further surgical interventions. Further, this study is the first to compare the efficacy of surgical approaches for the resolution of PGS, and highlights the importance of avoiding repeat procedures and stents for the management of PGS.
Opportunities for Interventions That Address Socioeconomic Barriers to Type 2 Diabetes Management: Patient Perspectives
Authors: Stotz Sarah A. , Ricks Katharine A. , Eisenstat Stephanie A. , Wexler Deborah J. , Berkowitz Seth A. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose The purpose of the study was to explore patient perspectives on socioeconomic barriers related to diabetes self-management and interventions to address these barriers. Methods Focus groups (n = 8) were conducted with a diverse sample of adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D; n = 53). Researchers used a semistructured moderator guide; focus groups were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Researchers employed the constant comparison method for qualitative content analysis and utilized Atlas.ti (Version 8.1.1) to digitalize the analytic process. Results Findings revealed 3 primary themes: (1) Existing food and nutrition resources are insufficient to support healthy eating for diabetes; (2) healthy eating is critical for diabetes management, but socioeconomic circumstances make doing so challenging; and (3) participants supported several broad categories of preferred intervention strategies. First, they endorsed lifestyle intervention informed by socioeconomic status (SES; eg, focusing on food resource management, sensitive health coaching and nutritional counseling). Next, they expressed enthusiasm for group-based learning opportunities, such as cooking classes and support groups with similar SES peers. Finally, they suggested healthy food access resources. Conclusions Participant suggestions should be incorporated into intervention development. Ultimately, these interventional strategies should be tested and refined to help improve health for individuals with type 2 diabetes.
A Qualitative Investigation of Facilitators to Black and Latino Adolescent and Young Adults’ Participation in a Couple-Based HIV Prevention Study
Authors: Lanier Yzette , Goldstein Alena , Lavarin Claudine , Choi Elizabeth , Bond Keosha , Riascos Katerin 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: Recruitment and retention of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) in couple-based HIV prevention research can be difficult. This study’s primary objective is to identify factors that influenced Black and Latino AYAs to participate in couple-based HIV/STI prevention research. Design: In-depth, semi-structured qualitative interviews. Setting: Face-to-face interviews with couples recruited from the South Bronx, New York. Participants: Twenty-three heterosexual couples (46 individuals) aged 16-28 (M = 20.1, SD = 3.01). Methods: Participants completed 60 to 90-minute individual and dyadic interviews. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify key themes. Results: Two levels of influence emerged from participants’ interviews regarding their reasons for study participation: 1) individual factors (interest in the study topic, study incentives, opportunity to help their community, and opportunity to learn something new), 2) interpersonal factors (positive interactions with the research team, partner’s desire to participate and relationship strengthening). There were key differences by gender and recruitment order. Conclusion: Black and Latino AYAs report multiple reasons for participating in couple-based research. Highlighting the benefits of study participation to themselves, their relationships, and their communities may be an important strategy for engaging AYAs in couple-based research.
Seasonal Differences in the Cost and Engagement of Facebook Advertisements for a Physical Activity Smartphone App
Authors: Northcott Celine , Curtis Rachel , Bogomolova Svetlana , Olds Timothy , Vandelanotte Corneel , Plotnikoff Ronald , Maher Carol 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of Facebook advertisements for a physical activity smartphone app at different times of the year. Design: A repeated cross-sectional study examined the cost and engagement levels of advertisements during 3 time points: Post-Easter April-May 2019, Pre-Summer October 2019, and New Year January 2020 . Setting: Advertisements were delivered on Facebook. Subjects: The target population was Australian females aged 25-60 years. Measures: Cost was evaluated in terms of reach per dollar. Engagement was evaluated in terms of click-through and app downloads per reach. Analysis: ANOVA and Chi-square were used to assess differences in reach per dollar, click-through, and app downloads per reach between time points. Results: Reach per dollar was highest in Post-Easter, but declined in Pre-Summer and New Year (reach/$ 34.8 vs 31.5 vs 27.5; p = .004). Click-through was highest in New Year followed by Post-Easter, then Pre-Summer (click-through 3.2% vs 1.9% vs 1.2%; p < .001). New Year and Post-Easter advertisements achieved higher app downloads per reach than Pre-Summer (downloads 0.9% vs 0.7% vs 0.3%; p < .001). Conclusion: Facebook advertisements were cheaper in the first time-point, and appear to be getting more expensive (i.e. declining reach/$). Advertisements in the New Year achieved the highest click-through and app downloads per reach, suggesting a useful time of year to promote physical activity products.
Workplace Violence Training Programs for Nursing Students: A Literature Review
Authors: Solorzano Martinez Angel Johann , De Oliveira Giovanna Cecilia 
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: Workplace violence (WPV) is a serious phenomenon affecting nurses in clinical settings around the globe. Like nurses, nursing students are at risk of encountering incidents of WPV, which may lead to negative consequences. WPV training programs are useful in helping nurses and nursing students prevent and manage incidents of WPV. Despite this evidence, the development and implementation of WPV training programs for nursing students pursuing their nursing training in university settings are scarce. AIMS: The purpose of this literature review was to identify and synthesize the evidence about new training programs on prevention and management of WPV implemented exclusively for undergraduate and graduate nursing students published during the years 2012 to 2018. METHOD: The literature review utilized five major databases to identify relevant articles containing WPV training programs implemented in university settings to train undergraduate and graduate nursing students. Appraisal of the evidence was conducted using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. RESULTS: Nine articles included WPV training programs imparted to nursing students in university settings. Overall, nursing students increased their knowledge about WPV and learned practical skills that could be helpful in preventing and managing WPV incidents. WPV training programs were positively accepted by nursing students. CONCLUSIONS: WPV training programs for nursing students should be mandated in all nursing schools. These trainings are vital in equipping them with proper knowledge and practical skills that could be used to prevent and manage incidents of WPV.
Social Determinants of Health and ADHD Symptoms in Preschool-Age Children
Authors: Spencer Andrea E. , Oblath Rachel , Sheldrick R. Christopher , Ng Lauren C. , Silverstein Michael , Garg Arvin 
Published: March 2021

Objective: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) disproportionately affects socioeconomically disadvantaged children, but for unclear reasons. We examined the association between social determinants of health (SDH) and ADHD symptoms in a national sample of preschool-age children. Methods: We conducted exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) with a sample of 7,565 preschool-age children from the 2016 National Survey of Children’s Health, to examine the association between ADHD symptoms and SDH. Results: EFA indicated a one-factor structure for ADHD symptoms, and three factors for SDH (socioeconomic status, access to basic needs, and caregiver well-being). Independently, all three SDH were significantly associated with higher ADHD symptoms. However, in the ESEM model, only worse caregiver well-being (β = .39, p < .01) was significantly associated with ADHD symptoms, and fully mediated the relationship between SDH and ADHD symptoms. Conclusion: Addressing caregiver well-being in preschoolers with ADHD symptoms could be an early intervention strategy.
The association between perceived social support in adolescence and positive mental health outcomes in early adulthood: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Jakobsen Andreas Lindegaard , Hansen Claus D. , Andersen Johan Hviid 
Published: March 2021

Aims: The link between perceived social support and mental health has received much attention from numerous scientific fields in recent years. Most studies, however, have examined associations only over relatively short follow-up periods using global measures of perceived social support and dichotomous negative indicators of mental health. We investigated the long-term association between perceived social support from friends, parents and teachers and multiple positive hedonic and eudemonic indicators of mental health, including hope, meaningfulness and subjective well-being. Methods: This study used questionnaire data from 2004, 2007 and 2010 from the West Jutland Birth Cohort study with linked register data. The study population consisted of 3681 adolescents born in 1989. Multiple linear and ordered logistic regression were used to analyse the association between perceived social support at age 14/15 years and mental health indicators at age 20/21 years while controlling for possible confounders, including the Big Five personality traits and baseline symptoms of depression. Results: The results show that perceived social support from friends in adolescence was positively associated with all indicators of mental health in early adulthood. Furthermore, perceived paternal social support was positively associated with meaningfulness and subjective well-being, while perceived social support from teachers was positively associated with meaningfulness. Conclusions: Overall, the results from this study indicate that perceived social support in adolescence, particularly support from friends, could promote positive mental health outcomes in early adulthood.
The Association Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cotton-Wool Spots in Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Blegen Halward M.J. , Justin Grant A. , Bishop Bradley A. , Cox Anthony R. , Aden James K. , Wedel Marissa L. , Hobbs Samuel D. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: This work reports the association of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cotton-wool spots (CWS) seen in patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods: A random sample of patients diagnosed with DR between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2018, were selected from medical-billing codes. Dilated funduscopic examination findings and medical history were analyzed by reviewing medical records. Results: CWS were present in 12 of 118 patients without OSA, compared with 11 of 32 patients with OSA (10.2% vs 34.4%, respectively; P = .002). OSA was more common in men (68.8%, P = .03) and associated with a higher body mass index (30.0 ± 5.0 without OSA vs 33.6 ± 5.5 with OSA, P < .001). When comparing those with and without OSA, there was no association with age; glycated hemoglobin A1c; stage of DR; insulin dependence; presence of diabetic macular edema; smoking status; or a history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease, or other breathing disorder. Conclusions: The presence of OSA is associated with CWS in patients with DR, as well as male sex and a higher body mass index. Further research is needed to determine the ophthalmologist’s role in the timely referral of patients with CWS for OSA evaluation.
Low-dose decitabine for refractory prolonged isolated thrombocytopenia after HCT: a randomized multicenter trial
Authors: Tang Yaqiong , Chen Jia , Liu Qifa , Chu Tiantian , Pan Tingting , Liang Jianying , He Xue Feng , Chen Feng , Yang Ting , Ma Xiao , Wu Xiaojin , Hu Shaoyan , Cao Xingyu , Hu Xiaohui , Hu Jiong , Liu Yuejun , Qi Jiaqian , Shen Yueping , Ruan Changgeng , Han Yue , Wu Depei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRefractory prolonged isolated thrombocytopenia (RPIT) is an intractable complication after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), which often leads to poor prognosis. A clinical study was designed to validate the efficacy and safety of low-dose decitabine for RPIT after HCT and explore the related underlying mechanisms. Eligible patients were randomly allocated to receive 1 of 3 interventions: arm A, low-dose decitabine (15 mg/m2 daily IV for 3 consecutive days [days 1-3]) plus recombinant human thrombopoietin (300 U/kg daily); arm B, decitabine alone; or arm C, conventional treatment. The primary end point was the response rate of platelet recovery at day 28 after treatment. Secondary end points included megakaryocyte count 28 days after treatment and survival during additional follow-up of 24 weeks. Among the 91 evaluable patients, response rates were 66.7%, 73.3%, and 19.4% for the 3 arms, respectively (P &lt; .001). One-year survival rates in arms A (64.4% ± 9.1%) and B (73.4% ± 8.8%) were similar (P = .662), and both were superior to that in arm C (41.0% ± 9.8%; P = .025). Megakaryocytes, endothelial cells (ECs), and cytokines relating to megakaryocyte migration and EC damage were improved in patients responding to decitabine. This study showed low-dose decitabine improved platelet recovery as well as overall survival in RPIT patients after transplantation. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02487563.
Transcriptome and metabolome profiling provide insights into molecular mechanism of pseudostem elongation in banana
Authors: Deng Guiming , Bi Fangcheng , Liu Jing , He Weidi , Li Chunyu , Dong Tao , Yang Qiaosong , Gao Huijun , Dou Tongxin , Zhong Xiaohong , Peng Miao , Yi Ganjun , Hu Chunhua , Sheng Ou 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Banana plant height is an important trait for horticultural practices and semi-dwarf cultivars show better resistance to damages by wind and rain. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling the pseudostem height remain poorly understood. Herein, we studied the molecular changes in the pseudostem of a semi-dwarf banana mutant Aifen No. 1 (Musa spp. Pisang Awak sub-group ABB) as compared to its wild-type dwarf cultivar using a combined transcriptome and metabolome approach.

Results
A total of 127 differentially expressed genes and 48 differentially accumulated metabolites were detected between the mutant and its wild type. Metabolites belonging to amino acid and its derivatives, flavonoids, lignans, coumarins, organic acids, and phenolic acids were up-regulated in the mutant. The transcriptome analysis showed the differential regulation of genes related to the gibberellin pathway, auxin transport, cell elongation, and cell wall modification. Based on the regulation of gibberellin and associated pathway-related genes, we discussed the involvement of gibberellins in pseudostem elongation in the mutant banana. Genes and metabolites associated with cell wall were explored and their involvement in cell extension is discussed.

Conclusions
The results suggest that gibberellins and associated pathways are possibly developing the observed semi-dwarf pseudostem phenotype together with cell elongation and cell wall modification. The findings increase the understanding of the mechanisms underlying banana stem height and provide new clues for further dissection of specific gene functions.