bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infantile Eosinophilic Pustular Folliculitis: A Case Report
Authors: Saylam Kurtipek Gulcan , Zekey Emre , Tuncez Akyurek Fatma , Demirbas Abdullah , Harmankaya İsmail 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundInfantile eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (I‐EPF) is a rare disease characterized by pruritic vesicles and sterile pustules on the erythematous surface of the scalp and facial localization, usually seen in the neonatal period. It is essential to show the presence of dense eosinophils in the diagnosis of pustules. Histopathological examination of the hair follicles by eosinophils infiltration is determined.AimHere, we reported a 5‐month‐old baby boy diagnosed infantile eosinophilic pustular folliculitis.PatientA 5‐month‐old baby boy was consulted to our polyclinic by his family because of pustules on the scalp, face, and neck developing in two week after birth. In dermatological examination, the pustular lesions of 1‐2 mm in diameter on the scalp, face, and neck on an erythematous background were determined.ResultsThere was no growth in the culture taken from the pustule. In the laboratory tests of the patient; upon detection of eosinophilia in the hemogram. The eosinophil count at the patient's first admission was 1.48 K/μl. (0.05 0.50). Eosinophil count was 0.02 K/μl after treatment. It was decreased. The patient was evaluated for other pustular dermatoses. In the differential diagnosis of the patient; causing bacterial/non‐bacterial pustulosis were included. Bacterial culture was negative.ConclusionEosinophilic folliculitis defines as a group of papulopustular diseases with unknown etiology characterized histologically by eosinophilic infiltrates. First, Ofuji reported a female patient with recurrent follicular pustules and peripheral eosinophilia as a variant of folliculitis in 1965. Its etiopathogenesis is not clearly known. In the differential diagnosis of EPF includes the other pustular lesions of the newborn such as erythematoxicum neonatarum, transient neonatal pustular dermatosis, infantile acropustulosis, scabies, dermatophytosis, and langerhans cell histiocytosis. Treatment options includes topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors, antihistamines, systemic antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory agents, and dapson.
Expression of tissue factor and thrombomodulin in the placentas of pregnancies affected by early‐onset and late‐onset preeclampsia
Authors: Ayala‐Ramírez Paola , Gámez Tatiana , Castro‐Pontón Derna L. , Silva Jaime , García‐Robles Reggie , Olaya‐C Mercedes 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimTo analyze the differential genetic expression and protein localization of thrombomodulin (THBD) and tissue factor (F3) in the placentas of pregnancies affected by preeclampsia.MethodsWe assessed the expression of THBD and F3 by immunohistochemistry and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in placentas from 20 PE cases: 10 early‐onset PE placentas, 10 late‐onset PE placentas, and 10 control cases (normal pregnancies).ResultsIn cases, we found higher THBD and F3 RNA levels in placental tissue. Protein expression in controls differed from that in late‐onset PE placentas, which had lower THBD levels in syncytiotrophoblasts and amniotic cells. Likewise, late‐onset PE placentas exhibited comparatively lower F3 expression in the perivillous fibrin. In contrast, early‐onset PE had high F3 expression in the subdecidual fibrin. We found no significant differences in the F3/THBD ratio between the groups.ConclusionOur study supports evidence that shows the involvement of F3 and THBD in placental disorders. Furthermore, this finding contributes to a better understanding of the physio‐pathological role that these molecules may play in the development of this heterogeneous disease.
Penalty method for portfolio selection with capital gains tax
Authors: Bian Baojun , Chen Xinfu , Dai Min , Qian Shuaijie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMany finance problems can be formulated as a singular stochastic control problem, where the associated Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman (HJB) equation takes the form of variational inequality, and its penalty approximation equation is linked to a regular control problem. The penalty method, combined with a finite difference scheme, has been widely used to numerically solve singular control problems, and its convergence analysis in literature relies on the uniqueness of solution to the original HJB equation problem. We consider a singular stochastic control problem arising from continuous‐time portfolio selection with capital gains tax, where the associated HJB equation problem admits infinitely many solutions. We show that the penalty method still works and converges to the value function, which is the minimal (viscosity) solution of the HJB equation problem. The key step is to prove that any admissible singular control can be approximated by a sequence of regular controls related to the corresponding penalized equation problem that admits a unique solution. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the penalty method and to better understand optimal investment strategy in the presence of capital gains tax. Our approach sheds light on the robustness of the penalty method for general singular stochastic control problems.
Environmental factors in non‐syndromic orofacial clefts: A review based on meta‐analyses results
Authors: Suazo José 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNon‐syndromic orofacial clefts (NSOFCs) are prevalent birth defects with a complex etiology where several interacting genetic and environmental factors have been observed. This narrative review describes maternal exposures that have been significantly associated with protective effects or risk factors. The statistically significant information reported here was found in meta‐analysis studies, taking advantage of their precision in defining intervention effects and their management of heterogeneity between studies. In addition, I propose a hypothesis explaining the biological basis for the results of the meta‐analyses. This review aims to improve the evidence available in parent counseling, to prevent the occurrence of orofacial clefts by suggesting lifestyle changes.
Forgiving, Committing, and Un‐forgiving
Authors: Wonderly Monique 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTheorists often conceive of forgiveness as “wiping the slate clean” or something of the sort with respect to the offender’s moral infraction. This raises a puzzle concerning how (or whether) the relevant wrongdoing can continue to play a role in the forgiver’s deliberations, attitudes, and practical orientation toward the offender once forgiveness has taken place. For example, consider an agent who forgives her offender for an act of wrongdoing only to later blame her again for that very same act. Is the relevant agent morally criticizable for breaching a commitment internal to her earlier forgiveness? When, if ever, is “un‐forgiving,” justified? In brief, I argue that sometimes, we can genuinely forgive a wrongdoer for a particular transgression and at some later time, justifiably un‐forgive her for it. Though the act of un‐forgiving is underexplored, I argue that attending to this phenomenon will not only illuminate an important, often overlooked aspect of moral life, but it will also help to inform extant accounts of the nature and ethics of forgiveness.
Intersectionality, social support, and youth suicidality: A socioecological approach to prevention
Authors: Standley Corbin J. , Foster‐Fishman Pennie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the relationship between social support and suicidality among youth from a public health perspective by using (1) a socioecological framework and (2) an intersectional approach to social identity.MethodsSecondary analysis of cross‐sectional survey data (N = 5058) involved means comparisons and a series of standard and hierarchical regression analyses.ResultsYouth with intersecting marginalized identities (i.e., females and racial and sexual minority youth) were significantly more likely to report higher suicidality scores. Social support at the family, school, and community levels was significantly associated with lower suicidality scores, and the combination of family and school support was associated with the lowest suicidality scores. Finally, family support significantly reduced the relationship between intersecting marginalized identities and suicidality.ConclusionsFindings highlight the importance of protective factors in every context in which youth live, learn, and play. Measuring and reporting social identities as well as their intersections add to our understanding of both risk and prevention.
Leveraging general risk surveillance to reduce suicide in early adolescents: Associations between suicidality, disordered eating, and other developmental risk factors
Authors: Hunt Rowan A. , Levinson Cheri A. , Peiper Nicholas C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveSuicide is a leading cause of death in early adolescents (i.e., children ages 11–14), underscoring the need for a more complex understanding of suicidality in youth. Syndemics framework posits that the overlap of multiple maladaptive behaviors (or risk factors) produces worse health outcomes compared to each behavior alone. The use of this framework in preventing suicide necessitates that identification of developmental risk factors that occur in tandem to suicide (e.g., disordered eating behaviors and substance use) may be important for intervening on those at greatest risk of suicide.MethodThe present study uses latent class analysis (LCA) to evaluate the relationship between suicidality and disordered eating behaviors in early adolescence, and associations with other developmental risk factors in an epidemiological sample of middle school students (N = 3,811).ResultsLifetime prevalence ranged from 6.8% to 18.2% for suicidality, and 5.3%–48.7% for disordered eating behavior. Our final model identified six independent classes, and each class had differential associations with several additional developmental risk factors.ConclusionBy pinpointing specific classes of individuals who may be at risk for multiple developmental risk factors, our results have important implications for public health intervention and prevention efforts for a wide range of adolescent risk behaviors, including suicidality.
Military suicide prevention: The importance of leadership behaviors as an upstream suicide prevention target
Authors: Trachik Benjamin , Oakey‐Frost Nicolas , Ganulin Michelle L. , Adler Amy B. , Dretsch Michael N. , Cabrera Oscar A. , Tucker Raymond P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the longitudinal relationships between unit cohesion, Army leader behaviors, and subordinate suicidal/death ideation. Recent cross‐sectional research indicates that subordinates who perceive that their leaders instill a sense of purpose regarding military service demonstrate less frequent suicidal ideation.MethodFive hundred fifty‐nine soldiers completed self‐report measures of perceptions of leadership behaviors, unit cohesion, and suicidal/death ideation during deployment as well as one and three months following deployment. Latent change score modeling was conducted to evaluate the course and direction of study variables as well as the relationship between them.ResultsAlthough lower levels of suicidal/death ideation were related to leader‐provided purpose, leader‐provided meaning, and unit cohesion at baseline, only leader‐provided purpose and unit cohesion prospectively predicted changes in suicidal/death ideation.ConclusionsConsistent with the goal of military leadership to augment effective clinical interventions that reduce suicide risk, prevention programs that reach a broader population of personnel should be considered. Enhanced leadership training may be an important primary prevention tool to reduce suicide risk that warrants further research.
Is the outpatient mental health workforce ready to save lives? Suicide prevention training, knowledge, self‐efficacy, and clinical practices prior to the implementation of a statewide suicide prevention initiative
Authors: Labouliere Christa D. , Green Kelly L. , Vasan Prabu , Cummings Anni , Layman Deborah , Kammer Jamie , Rahman Mahfuza , Brown Gregory K. , Finnerty Molly , Stanley Barbara 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveMany public health approaches to suicide prevention emphasize connecting at‐risk individuals to professional treatment. However, it is unclear to what degree the outpatient mental health workforce has the requisite knowledge and skills to provide the evidence‐based care needed to help those at risk. In this project, prior to the implementation of a statewide suicide prevention initiative, we assessed the baseline suicide prevention training and clinical practices of the New York State outpatient mental health workforce, a group likely representative of the broader U.S. clinical workforce.MethodA workforce survey of suicide prevention training and clinical practices was administered to 2,257 outpatient clinicians, representing 169 clinics serving approximately 90,000 clients. Clinicians were asked to complete the survey online, and all responses were confidential.ResultsClinicians reported substantial gaps in their suicide prevention knowledge and training. The vast majority reported moderate self‐efficacy working with suicidal clients and endorsed using evidence‐based assessment procedures, but varied in utilization of recommended intervention practices.ConclusionsThis study highlights gaps in clinicians' training and clinical practices that need to be overcome to provide evidence‐based suicide care. Promisingly, positive associations were found between training and clinician knowledge, self‐efficacy, and use of evidence‐based practices.
Reducing rural veteran suicides: Navigating geospatial and community contexts for scaling up a national Veterans Affairs program
Authors: Kreisel Carlee J. , Wilson Lauren K. , Schneider Alexandra L. , Mohatt Nathaniel V. , Spark Talia L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo develop and use planning maps to prioritize and facilitate county‐level recruitment for Together With Veterans (TWV), community‐based rural Veteran suicide prevention program.MethodChoropleth maps were created for 49 U.S. states, with four mutually exclusive categories indicating eligibility for the TWV program and increasing levels of need assigned to each county based on (a) percent Veterans Health Administration enrollees residing in rural communities, (b) percent population that are Veterans, and (c) crude suicide mortality rate.ResultsOf 3113 counties, 78.2% were eligible for TWV and 25.8% met our highest priority definition. A national map and state map were provided to demonstrate final products used to engage stakeholders. A table of recommendations for creating and using planning maps was provided for future projects to reference.ConclusionsGeographic information system (GIS) is useful for identifying and prioritizing counties that may benefit most from a rural Veteran suicide prevention program. Choropleth maps allow for dissemination of information about county suicide risk and need for suicide prevention to community members, researchers, and others with a vested interest in suicide reduction. The maps are one tool among many which can support decision‐makers in focusing available resources on populations with the most need.
A comprehensive review of quantitative research on crime, the built environment, land use, and physical geography
Authors: Inlow Alana R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper provides a comprehensive review of space‐ and place‐based criminology, with a focus on the relationship between crime, the built environment, land use, and/or physical geography, through sociological and critical geography lenses. An historical overview of major criminological and spatial theories and contributors is presented before examining the current state of the field. In honor of critical geography's goal to be “a people's geography,”1 this paper aims to be an accessible overview of space‐ and place‐based criminological research, especially for readers who are unfamiliar with these topics.
Prognostic value of sternal lymphadenopathy on malignancy and survival in dogs undergoing splenectomy
Authors: Kelsey Jennifer , Balfour Raviv , Szabo David , Kass Philip H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to determine prevalence of sternal lymphadenopathy in a population of dogs undergoing splenectomy, and to evaluate if the prevalence was associated with splenic malignancy. In addition, the study investigated if survival in dogs diagnosed with hemangiosarcoma (HSA) differed between those with or without sternal lymphadenopathy at the time of surgery. Digital radiographs and medical records for dogs who underwent splenectomy from 2013 to 2016 where retrospectively reviewed. One hundred ninety‐five dogs underwent splenectomy during the study period. The overall prevalence of sternal lymphadenopathy was 12.8%. The prevalence of sternal lymphadenopathy in dogs with hemangiosarcoma was 16.2% (12/74), other malignancy was 15.8% (3/19), and with a benign process 9.8% (10/102). There was no significant association between sternal lymphadenopathy with hemoperitoneum (p = .20) or between sternal lymphadenopathy and presence of neoplasia (p = .37). There was no significant difference in survival probability in all dogs with or without sternal lymphadenopathy (p = .073). However, sternal lymphadenopathy was associated with lower survival in 74 dogs with HSA (p = .036) and 19 with other splenic malignancies (p = .039). The presence of sternal lymphadenopathy should not be considered a negative prognostic indicator if present in dogs presenting with a hemoperitoneum. Although the presence of sternal lymphadenopathy at the time of initial presentation was not significantly associated with survival time in all dogs with splenic disease, it may have predictive value related to survival of dogs with splenic malignancy.
Pharmaceutical wastewater treatment using polypropylene membranes incorporated with carboxylated and PEG‐grafted nanodiamond in membrane bioreactor (MBR)
Authors: Hosseinpour Shahab , Azimian‐Kivi Masoud , Jafarzadeh Yoones , Yegani Reza 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe aim of this work is to prepare polypropylene (PP) membrane by embedding carboxylated(‐COOH) and also polyethylene glycol(‐PEG) functionalized nanodiamond to improve membrane hydrophilicity and decline membrane fouling in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment. Porosity, contact angle, mechanical strength, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and membrane pure water permeation analysis were performed for the characterization of the membranes. The membranes with 0.75 wt.% of nanoparticles introduced the highest water flux, porosity and mechanical strength. The performance of PP, PP/ND‐COOH (0.75 wt.%) and PP/ND‐PEG (0.75 wt.%) membranes was studied in a lab‐scale membrane bioreactor (MBR). COD removal was more than 91% in all cases. It was found that antifouling characteristics, membrane resistance (Rm) and specific cake layer resistance (α) of nanocomposite membranes were better than of neat PP membrane. PP/ND‐PEG (0.75 wt.%) membrane exposed highest hydrophilicity and maximum critical flux and anti‐fouling characteristics. The results indicated that embedding nanodiamond in PP membrane can reduce membrane fouling in MBR.
The linguistic landscape of Bukhara and Tashkent in the post‐Soviet era
Authors: Hasanova Dilia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe sociopolitical changes that have taken place in Central Asia since the downfall of the Soviet Union have had a significant effect on the linguistic landscape of Uzbekistan. Russian, the dominant language of the Soviet era, lost its power and prestige in the wake of independence. Uzbek, the mother tongue of the local people, became the country's sole official language, while English, once considered the language of the Western bourgeoise, started to flourish as the most popular foreign language in post‐Soviet Uzbekistan. Using the concept of linguistic landscape, this study analyzes the presence and use of Uzbek, Russian, and English languages on public and private signs in two major Uzbek cities. The findings of the study reveal that even though it has been almost 30 years since Uzbek was declared as an official language, its presence on public and private signs is not as widespread as people might think.
Investigation of Reverse Flow Slinger Combustor With Jet A-1 and Methanol
Authors: Dubey Abhishek , Nema Pooja , Kushari Abhijit 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper describes an experimental investigation of the reverse flow slinger (RFS) combustor that has been developed in order to attain high flame stability and low emissions in gas turbine (GT) engines. The combustor employs centrifugal fuel injection through a rotary atomizer and performs flame stabilization at the stagnation zone generated by reverse flow configuration. The design facilitates entrainment of hot product gases and internal preheating of inlet air, which enhances flame stability and permits stable lean operation for low NOx. Moreover, a rotary atomizer eliminates the need for high injection pressures, resulting in a compact and lightweight design. Atmospheric pressure combustion was performed with liquid fuels, Jet A-1 and methanol, at ultralean fuel–air ratios (FARs) with thermal intensity varying from 30 to 52 MW/m3 atm. Combustor performance was evaluated by analyzing the lean blowout, emissions, and combustion efficiency. A very low lean blowout corresponding to global equivalence ratio of 0.1 was observed, which showed the combustor's high flame stability. Sustained and stable combustion at low heat release was attained, and NOx emissions as low as 0.4 g/kg and 0.1 g/kg were achieved with Jet A-1 and methanol, respectively. Combustion efficiency of around 55% and 90% was obtained in operation with Jet A-1 and methanol. The overall combustor performance was significantly better with methanol in terms of emissions and efficiency.
Stall Behavior in an Ultrahigh-Pressure-Ratio Centrifugal Compressor: Backward-Traveling Rotating Stall
Authors: Zhang Yingjie , Lu Xingen , Zhang Yanfeng , Zhang Ziqing , Dong Xu , Han Ge 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper describes the stall mechanism in an ultrahigh-pressure-ratio centrifugal compressor, composed of a double-splitter impeller, radial diffuser, and axial diffuser. A model comprising all impeller and diffuser blade passages is used to conduct unsteady simulations that trace the onset of instability in the compressor. Backward-traveling rotating stall waves appear at the inlet of the radial diffuser when the compressor is throttled. Six stall cells propagate circumferentially at approximately 0.7% of the impeller rotation speed. The detached shock of the radial diffuser leading edge and the number of stall cells determine the direction of stall propagation, which is opposite to the impeller rotation direction. Dynamic mode decomposition is applied to instantaneous flow fields to extract the flow structure related to the stall mode. This shows that intensive pressure fluctuations concentrate in the diffuser throat as a result of changes in the detached shock intensity. The diffuser passage stall and stall recovery are accompanied by changes in incidence angle and shock wave intensity. When the diffuser passage stalls, the shock-induced boundary–layer separation region near the diffuser vane suction surface gradually expands, increasing the incidence angle and decreasing the shock intensity. The shock is pushed from the diffuser's throat toward the diffuser leading edge. When the diffuser passage recovers from the stall, the shock wave gradually returns to the diffuser throat, with the incidence angle decreasing and the shock intensity increasing. Once the shock intensity reaches its maximum, the diffuser passage suffers severe shock-induced boundary–layer separation and stalls again.