bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What makes mindful self‐initiated expatriates bounce back, improvise and perform: Empirical evidence from the emerging markets
Authors: Singh Sanjay Kumar , Vrontis Demetris , Christofi Michael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDrawing upon the self‐determination theory (SDT), this study examines what makes individual employees leverage improvisational capability to act extemporaneously to find relevant solutions for enhanced task performance. Using supervisor‐subordinate dyadic self‐initiated expatriates (SIEs) samples, we used structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine this study's hypotheses. We found that mindfulness influences resilience and improvisation in the workplace. Furthermore, we found improvisation to mediate the influence of resilience on task performance. We discussed in detail the essential findings and their contributions to advance theory and practice in the field.
Training related risk factors for exercise induced pulmonary haemorrhage in British National Hunt racehorses
Authors: McGilvray Tegan A. , Cardwell Jacqueline M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundExercise induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) is an important condition of horses performing high intensity exercise, with reported prevalence among racehorses of up to 95%, based on the detection of blood on tracheobronchoscopy. Previously identified risk factors include age, sex, season, race type, years spent in racing and lower airway inflammation.ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of EIPH in British National Hunt racehorses as indicated by two outcome measures: presence of tracheal blood on tracheobronchoscopy, and presence of moderate‐large (significant) proportions of haemosiderophages in tracheal wash (TW) fluid; and to identify training‐related risk factors for these indicators of EIPH.Study designProspective longitudinal study.MethodsData from tracheobronchoscopy and TW cytology were analysed using univariable and multivariable mixed‐effects logistic regression.Results1184 observations, from 177 horses, were analysed. The prevalence of tracheal blood was 7.2% (95%CI: 5.8, 8.8) and significant haemosiderophages in TW fluid was 36% (95%CI: 33.3, 38.8). Increased time in training was significantly associated with increased odds of EIPH. For each additional year spent in training the odds of tracheal blood and presence of significant proportions haemosiderophages increased approximately 1.5‐fold (OR = 1.5; 95%CI: 1.1‐2.0; P = .005; and OR = 1.5; 95%CI: 1.3, 1.8; P < .001, respectively). Current inflammation was associated with previous haemorrhage, but not current haemorrhage.Main limitationsThere are no standardised measures for quantification of TW cytological parameters for EIPH diagnosis. Few horses were examined following jumping. Recent racing dates were not included in analysis.ConclusionsIncreasing time in training was a risk factor for both indicators of EIPH. Current inflammation was associated with previous haemorrhage, but not current or future haemorrhage, suggesting that haemorrhage leads to inflammation but not that inflammation leads to haemorrhage. Overall, our findings are consistent with the capillary stress failure theory of EIPH. The development of standardised measures for TW cytological diagnosis of EIPH is warranted.
Cooperation strategy for an online travel platform with value‐added service provision under demand uncertainty
Authors: Zhang Xumei , Liu Yi , Dan Bin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper considers a tourism supply chain (TSC) composed of an online travel platform (OTP) that possesses private information about uncertain demand and a tourism service provider (TSP) that invests in value‐added service. We investigate the OTP's cooperation strategy, which consists of the cooperation model choice between the agency and the wholesale models and the demand information sharing decision. The results show that when both the commission rate and the value‐added service efficiency are relatively low or high, the OTP chooses the wholesale model and shares information only if the service efficiency is relatively high. When the service efficiency is medium, the OTP prefers the agency model and information sharing. However, when the commission rate is relatively high and the service efficiency is relatively low, as the demand signal accuracy increases, the OTP's preferred cooperation strategy switches from the agency model and information sharing to the wholesale model and no information sharing. In particular, compared with the wholesale model, the agency model may benefit the OTP less (more) even if the commission rate charged by the OTP is high (low). We also find that the OTP's optimal cooperation strategy may be inconsistent with that of the TSP and the TSC, and there exist the Pareto improvement regions of the cooperation model and information sharing strategies.
Erosion of refractory carbides in high‐temperature hydrogen from ab initio computations
Authors: Tucker William C. , Bauschlicher Charles W. , Abbott Lauren J. , Cheikh Dean , Preudhomme Michael , Haskins Justin B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAdvanced concepts for in‐space propulsion require coatings that are resistant to erosion in high temperature and pressure hydrogen. The erosion of refractory carbides of interest for this application (ZrC, NbC, HfC, and TaC) is investigated using combined ab initio thermodynamic computations and equilibrium product analyses. The carbides are shown to erode through a combination of four governing reactions, the relative extent of which depend on environmental conditions. The product profiles from these reactions are complex but exhibit lower hydrogen saturation at higher temperatures and lower pressures. A metric is derived to determine the applicability of equilibrium analyses for erosion rates, based on experimental conditions. Heritage mass loss experiments on ZrC in hydrogen satisfy the equilibrium criteria, and, correspondingly, the computed equilibrium erosion rate agrees quantitatively. The results suggest that previously postulated non‐equilibrium effects, namely the prolonged incongruent vaporization originating from high carbon mobility, do not drive erosion over the hours‐long timescales of the experiments. For specific in‐space propulsion designs, comparisons of carbide performance show TaC and HfC outperform other carbides and meet the criteria needed to close designs.
The anatomical basis behind the neuromodulation effects associated with pulmonary vein isolation
Authors: Aksu Tolga , Yalin Kivanc , Bozyel Serdar , Gopinathannair Rakesh , Gupta Dhiraj 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe anatomical basis underlying the neuromodulation effects seen with pulmonary vein (PV) isolation (PVI) is not fully understood. Left atrial (LA) electro‐anatomical maps of 38 patients who underwent catheter cardioneuroablation for vagally mediated bradycarrhythmias were studied. During the procedure, LA ganglionic plexi (GPs) were systematically identified and ablated. Design PVI lines were created on these maps by a blinded observer, and the degree of overlap between four GPs and individual PVs was assessed. Here, 1.7 ± 7 (35.5 ± 17.0%) of the total 31.6 ± 10 GP ablation sites per patient were found to overlap with the design PVI lines. The overlap was higher for the right‐sided GPs, p < .001. The degree of GP–PV overlap varied: 1 PV in 5 (13.2%) patients, 2 PVs in 15 (39.2%), 3 PVs in 16 (42.1%), and all 4 PVs in 2 (5.3%). No patient had zero GP–PV overlap. A vagal response was most commonly observed during ablation at the left superior GP (89.5%), while a sympathetic response was observed most often during the right superior GP ablation (97.4%). Some degree of GP–PV antral overlap is the norm, and this is more pronounced for the right‐sided PVs. There is significant individual variability in the degree of overlap which may explain why neuromodulation effects are not seen universally following PVI.
Individual reversible plasticity as a genotype‐level bet‐hedging strategy
Authors: Haaland Thomas R. , Wright Jonathan , Ratikainen Irja I. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractReversible plasticity in phenotypic traits allows organisms to cope with environmental variation within lifetimes, but costs of plasticity may limit just how well the phenotype matches the environmental optimum. An additional adaptive advantage of plasticity might be to reduce fitness variance, in other words: bet‐hedging to maximize geometric (rather than simply arithmetic) mean fitness. Here, we model the evolution of plasticity in the form of reaction norm slopes, with increasing costs as the slope or degree of plasticity increases. We find that greater investment in plasticity (i.e. a steeper reaction norm slope) is favoured in scenarios promoting bet‐hedging as a response to multiplicative fitness accumulation (i.e. coarser environmental grains and fewer time steps prior to reproduction), because plasticity lowers fitness variance across environmental conditions. In contrast, in scenarios with finer environmental grain and many time steps prior to reproduction, bet‐hedging plays less of a role and individual‐level optimization favours evolution of shallower reaction norm slopes. However, the opposite pattern holds if plasticity costs themselves result in increased fitness variation, as might be the case for production costs of plasticity that depend on how much change is made to the phenotype each time step. We discuss these contrasting predictions from this partitioning of adaptive plasticity into short‐term individual benefits versus long‐term genotypic (bet‐hedging) benefits, and how this approach enhances our understanding of the evolution of optimum levels of plasticity in examples from thermal physiology to advances in avian lay dates.
Examining Callous‐unemotional Traits and Anxiety in a Sample of Incarcerated Adolescent Females
Authors: Deskalo Avital Y. , Fontaine Nathalie M. G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCallous‐unemotional (CU) traits (e.g., lack of guilt and empathy) are a risk factor associated with antisocial behavior. Youth with CU traits can be differentiated by varying levels of co‐occurring anxiety. In this study, we examined CU variants in incarcerated adolescent females (n = 109) and their associations with emotional and behavioral problems and history of maltreatment. Semi‐structured interviews were also conducted with a subsample of the participants (n = 13). Participants with CU traits and anxiety had similar levels of conduct problems compared to individuals with high CU traits without anxiety, but they reported more childhood maltreatment (especially sexual abuse).
Stem cell concepts in myelodysplastic syndromes: lessons and challenges
Authors: Woll P. S. , Jacobsen S. E. W. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAccording to the cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis, CSCs are the only cancer cells that can give rise to and sustain all cells that constitute a cancer as they possess inherent or acquired self‐renewal potential, and their elimination is required and potentially sufficient to achieve a cure. Whilst establishing CSC identity remains challenging in most cancers, studies of low‐intermediate risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), other chronic myeloid malignancies and clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminant potential (CHIP) strongly support that the primary target cell usually resides in the rare haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment. This probably reflects the unique self‐renewal potential of HSCs in normal human haematopoiesis, combined with the somatic initiating genomic driver lesion not conferring extensive self‐renewal potential to downstream progenitor cells. Mutational ‘fate mapping’ further supports that HSCs are the only disease‐propagating cells in low‐intermediate risk MDS, but that MDS‐propagating potential might be extended to progenitors upon disease progression. The clinical importance of MDS stem cells has been highlighted through the demonstration of selective persistence of MDS stem cells in patients at complete remission in response to therapy. This implies that MDS stem cells might possess unique resistance mechanisms responsible for relapses following otherwise efficient treatments. Specific surveillance of MDS stem cells should be considered to assess the efficiency of therapies and as an early indicator of emerging relapses in patients in clinical remission. Moreover, further molecular characterization of purified MDS stem cells should facilitate identification and validation of improved and more stem cell‐specific therapies for MDS.
How LGBTQ Adults Maintain Ties With Rejecting Parents: Theorizing “Conflict Work” as Family Work
Authors: Reczek Rin , Bosley‐Smith Emma 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe present study examines how LGBTQ‐identified adults maintain relationships with parents who reject their LGBTQ identity.BackgroundParents often reject their children's LGBTQ identity, sometimes leading to relationship dissolution. But how LGBTQ adults maintain parent–child relationships despite parents' rejection is less known. We answer this question with an empirical study of how LGBTQ adults maintain relationships with parents who reject their child's LGBTQ identity, drawing on conflict management theories and the concept “family work,” or the work done to promote family functioning.MethodQualitative in‐depth interviews with 76 LGBTQ young adults are analyzed, supplemented with data from 44 of their parents.ResultsLGBTQ adults do extensive work to maintain their intergenerational bonds through what we theorize as “conflict work.” We define conflict work as the effort done to manage severe conflict in a way that ensures family functioning, often at the expense of personal needs. Conflict work includes conflict education work (e.g., educating parents about LGBTQ identities), conflict avoidance work (e.g., don't ask, don't tell about LGBTQ identities), conflict acceptance work (e.g., ongoing but accepted conflict about LGBTQ identities), and conflict boundary work (e.g., asserting boundaries from parents over LGBTQ‐related conflict).ConclusionLGBTQ adults maintain the parent–child bond by managing parents' rejection of their gender or sexuality identity through “conflict work.” In doing so, LGBTQ adults reveal an important new type of family work aimed at supporting family functioning during intensive conflict, often at the expense of the conflict worker's personal needs.
Valencian sociolinguistics: Aracil, Ninyoles and the minority question
Authors: Pujolar Joan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis text provides a review of the earlier and more influential works of Valencian sociolinguists Lluís Vicent Aracil and Rafael Lluís Ninyoles, which had a significant impact in the field from the 1960s to the 1980s, particularly in a number of European minoritized language communities and Latin America. I provide a summary account of their main theoretical innovations, embodied in concepts such as “language conflict,” “linguistic normalization,” “linguistic ideologies,” and “self‐hate”, and I follow up how these concepts were taken up by a number of social movements of linguistic revitalization. To do so, I begin with an account of the social and political conditions that the two authors confronted in their youth, namely the diglossia between Catalan and Spanish in their native Valencian Country, which at the time was under the rule of the dictator Francisco Franco in Spain. After the historical and theoretical appraisal, I follow up the trail of their ideas amongst sociolinguists and language activists in Occitania, Germany, Switzerland, Wales, Mexico, and the Andes, and I assess their impact in the ways in which linguistic minoritization has been constructed from an international perspective.
The effect of different dietary levels of sodium and chloride on performance, blood parameters and excreta quality in goslings at 29 to 70 days of age
Authors: Chen Yuanjing , Wang Zhiyue , Yang Zhi , Yang Yu , Yang Jinjin , Han Houming , Yang Haiming 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to ascertain the appropriate levels of dietary sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−) for 29‐ to 70‐day‐old goslings and to investigate the effects of different levels of Na+ and Cl− on the growth performance, water consumption, blood parameters and excreta quality of goslings to provide a reference for the healthy production of goslings. In Experiment 1, a total of 432 29‐day‐old male Jiangnan White goslings were randomly allotted to nine treatments according to a 3 × 3 factorial design, with six pens containing eight birds per treatment. The goslings were fed diets with three concentrations of Na+ (0.10%, 0.15% and 0.20%) and three concentrations of Cl− (0.15%, 0.20% and 0.25%). The experimental period was 42 days. In Experiment 2, a total of 24 70‐day‐old Jiangnan White goslings were selected for four treatments (0.10% Na+ × 0.15% Cl−; 0.10% Na+ × 0.25% Cl−; 0.20% Na+ × 0.15% Cl− and 0.20% Na+ × 0.25% Cl−) and housed separately in metabolic cages. The faeces were collected for 3 consecutive days. In Experiment 1, the average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and feed/gain (F/G) ratio of goslings were unaffected by the treatments. However, low levels of Na+ and Cl− significantly reduced the water consumption of goslings in the later growth period (p < 0.05). The average water consumption of goslings fed with 0.10% Na+ × 0.15% Cl− was significantly lower than that of the goslings fed with 0.20% Na+ × 0.25% Cl− (56 days, 1304.2 ml vs. 1471.7 ml; 63 days, 1452.8 ml vs. 1610.8 ml; 70 days, 1540.0 ml vs. 1775.4 ml; p < 0.05). The interaction between Na+ and Cl− (Na+ × Cl−) had a significant impact on the blood haemoglobin (HGB) and haematocrit (HCT) levels in the goslings (p < 0.05). HGB increased linearly with increasing levels of Na+. HGB and HCT first increased and then decreased with increasing levels of Cl−. In Experiment 2, Na+ and Cl− levels had significant effects on the excreta moisture content (p < 0.05). Goslings fed with 0.10% Na+ × 0.15% Cl− had a low moisture content of 5.58% compared to the goslings fed with 0.20% Na+ × 0.25% Cl− (87.51% vs. 93.09%; p < 0.05). The levels of dietary Na+ had a significant effect on the retention ratio of Na (p < 0.05), with the value for the 0.20% Na+ group being significantly higher than that for the 0.10% Na+ group (p < 0.05). In summary, different levels of Na+ and Cl− did not affect the growth of goslings. To reduce the water consumption and moisture content of excreta, the Na+ and Cl− levels in the diet can be as low as 0.10% and 0.15%, respectively.
Usefulness of sleep events detection using a wrist worn peripheral arterial tone signal device (WatchPAT™) in a population at low risk of obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Tondo Pasquale , Drigo Riccardo , Scioscia Giulia , Ballarin Andrea , Rossi Emanuela , Floriani Ariel Fabian , Pauletti Alessia , Foschino Barbaro Maria Pia , Lacedonia Donato 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDue to the high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), it is recommended to use in‐laboratory polysomnography (PSG) or a home sleep apnea test (HSAT) in uncomplicated adult subjects at high risk of OSA. The aims of the present study were to compare a HSAT device, a wrist worn peripheral arterial tone signal device (WatchPAT™‐200 [WP]) with PSG and respiratory polygraphy (RP) in a low‐risk population of OSA. A total of 47 adult subjects at low risk of OSA were simultaneously examined with the three different approaches in a single night. The sleep studies were scored independently and in a blinded fashion, then the results and the parameters (Respiratory Disturbance Index, apnea–hypopnea index [AHI] and oxygen desaturation index of 3%) were compared with several statistical analyses. The agreement between the sleep tools and correlation for the assessed parameters were analysed and compared with Bland and Altman plots and Pearson’s coefficient (WP versus PSG, r = 0.86). For the severity of OSA ranked according to PSG, the Cohen’s k was 0.60 and 0.82 for WP and RP, respectively. Specificity was higher for RP compared to WP for identifying the presence of OSA (AHIPSG cut‐off ≥5 events/hr: 0.85 versus 0.73), while was quite similar in identifying patients who were more likely to be treated (AHIPSG cut‐off ≥15 events/hr: 0.94 versus 0.96). Assessing the costs and the simplicity of the examination, the results of our present study demonstrate the usefulness of WP compared to PSG, especially in screening and follow‐up for the ability to exclude subjects from treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (AHI <15 events/hr) in a population with a low pre‐test risk of moderate‐to‐severe OSA.
N6‐Methyladenosine mRNA methylation is important for salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Hu Jianzhong , Cai Jing , Park Su Jung , Lee Kwanuk , Li Yuxia , Chen Yao , Yun Jae‐Young , Xu Tao , Kang Hunseung 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARYAs the most abundant internal modification of mRNA, N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) methylation of RNA is emerging as a new layer of epitranscriptomic gene regulation in cellular processes, including embryo development, flowering‐time control, microspore generation and fruit ripening, in plants. However, the cellular role of m6A in plant responses to environmental stimuli remains largely unexplored. In this study, we show that m6A methylation plays an important role in salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. All mutants of m6A writer components, including MTA, MTB, VIRILIZER (VIR) and HAKAI, displayed salt‐sensitive phenotypes in an m6A‐dependent manner. The vir mutant, in which the level of m6A was most highly reduced, exhibited salt‐hypersensitive phenotypes. Analysis of the m6A methylome in the vir mutant revealed a transcriptome‐wide loss of m6A modification in the 3ʹ untranslated region (3ʹ‐UTR). We demonstrated further that VIR‐mediated m6A methylation modulates reactive oxygen species homeostasis by negatively regulating the mRNA stability of several salt stress negative regulators, including ATAF1, GI and GSTU17, through affecting 3ʹ‐UTR lengthening linked to alternative polyadenylation. Our results highlight the important role played by epitranscriptomic mRNA methylation in the salt stress response of Arabidopsis and indicate a strong link between m6A methylation and 3ʹ‐UTR length and mRNA stability during stress adaptation.
Preliminary evaluation of two bathing methods for the management of Malassezia overgrowth in dogs with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Esumi Mariko , Kanda Satoko , Shimoura Hiromi , Hsiao Yun‐Hsiao , Iyori Keita 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundAntifungal shampoos are widely used for canine Malassezia dermatitis. Few studies have evaluated effective bathing methods for atopic dogs with Malassezia overgrowth.ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of an emollient bathing product (AFLOAT VET) and 2% miconazole/2% chlorhexidine shampoo (2% MIC/CHX) in atopic dogs, and to evaluate the influence on skin barrier function of both products in healthy dogs.AnimalsSixteen atopic dogs with secondary Malassezia overgrowth and 11 healthy dogs.Methods and materialsThis study was a randomized, single‐blinded trial. The dogs were randomly treated with either emollient bathing or 2% MIC/CHX, twice weekly for four weeks. Clinical assessment used the Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, 4th iteration (CADESI‐04), pruritus Visual Analog Scale (pVAS), and cytological evaluation of yeast numbers at Day (D)0, D14 and D28. Skin barrier function was determined by measuring transepidermal water loss (TEWL) after a single bathing procedure with each product in the healthy dogs.ResultsThe pVAS scores and yeast counts were significantly reduced on D28 compared with D0 in both groups (P < 0.05). CADESI‐04 was significantly decreased on D28 in the emollient bathing group (P = 0.003). There were no significant differences in each endpoint score between the groups. In healthy dogs, TEWL was significantly increased after bathing in both groups (P < 0.01).ConclusionAn emollient bathing product can be effective for Malassezia overgrowth in dogs with atopic dermatitis. Bathing with shampoo products might affect skin barrier function even when using an emollient product.