bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PKM Kelompok Tani Cabai di Desa Sea Kecamatan Pineleng Kabupaten Minahasa Provinsi Sulawesi Utara Tentang Pemanfaatan Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Dan Mikoriza Untuk Meningkatkan Produksi Cabai pada Lahan Sub-Optimal
Authors: Mambu Susan Marlein , Pelealu Johanis 
Published: May 2021

Cabai merah merupakan salah satu komoditas hortikultura yang penting. Hal ini disebabkan banyaknya manfaat yang dapat dipergunakan untuk berbagai keperluan, baik yang berhubungan dengan kegiatan rumah tangga maupun untuk keperluan lain seperti untuk bahan ramuan obat tradisional, bahan makanan dan minuman serta industri. Tidak hanya itu, secara umum tanaman cabai memiliki kandungan gizi dan vitamin di antaranya, protein, lemak, karbohidrat, kalsium, vitamin A, B1 dan vitamin C. Usaha peningkatan produksi cabai dapat dilakukan dengan cara perbaikan teknik budidaya yang meliputi pemupukan dengan pupuk organik, mikoriza dan penggunaan Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). PGPR mampu mempercepat proses pertumbuhan tanaman melalui percepatan penyerapan unsur hara, memacu pertumbuhan tanaman melalui produksi fitohormon dan sebagai bioprotektan, PGPR melindungi tanaman dari patogen. Program kemitraan ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan mikoriza dan PGPR sebagi pemicu pertumbuhan tanaman, yang memicu meningkatkan kandungan bahan organik dan unsur hara dalam tanah, sehingga terjadi perbaikan sifat fisik, kimia dan biologi tanah, yang akhirnya berdampak pada peningkatan produktivitas tanah dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman khususnya tanaman cabai. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan yaitu metode berbasis kelompok yang dilakukan secara komprehensif meliputi penyuluhan, demonstrasi serta tutorial untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang aplikasi mikoriza dan PGPR. Kegiatan tim PKM dilakukan secara terukur disertai proses monitoring evaluasi untuk mengukur ketercapaian target. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian ini menunjukkan terjadinya peningkatan pengetahuan para petani cabai, yang awalnya sebagian besar petani tersebut kurang mengenal tentang teknik budidaya menggunakan pupuk organik, mikoriza dan penggunaan PGPR. Peningkatan keterampilan juga ditunjukkan oleh para petani cabai, melalui kemampuan membuat formulasi pupuk organik.
Peningkatan Pengetahuan Masyarakat Tentang Pencegahan Covid-19 Melalui Program Kemitraan Masyarakat
Authors: Doda Diana Vanda , Assa Youla Annatje , Kaseke Martha Marie 
Published: May 2021

Pandemi Corona Virus (Covid-19) masih tetap terus menunjukkan angka kesakitan dan kematian yang tinggi di seluruh dunia. Di Indonesia penyebarannya semakin tinggi. Penularan yang tinggi ini bisa disebabkan oleh perilaku masyarakat yang kurang baik terhadap program pencegahan yang sudah diinformasikan dan di instruksikan oleh Pemerintah, oleh sebab itu perlu untuk dilakukan program untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan merubah sikap dan meningkatkan tindakan agar bisa meminimalisir penyebaran Covid-19. Program Kemitraan Masyarakat (PKM) ini dilakukan di salah satu kelurahan di kota Manado bertujuan untuk memberikan dan peningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang pencegahan Covid-19, melalui penyuluhan kesehatan, sosialisasi dan diskusi. Kegiatan ini juga membantu masyarakat yang terdampak oleh pandemi Covid 19 dengan membagikan kebutuhan pokok. Kegiatan PKM ini dihadiri oleh 33 peserta. Kegiatan ini di ikuti dengan pengambilan data tentang perilaku masyarakat terhadap program pencegahan Covid-19, dan 23 peserta mengisi kuesioner yang dibagikan. Hasil analisa data tersebut menunjukan bahwa 91 % peserta mempunyai pengetahuan yang baik tapi hanya 61% mempunyai sikap yang baik dan 52% melakukan tindakan pencegahan Covid-19 yang baik. Pengetahuan Masyarakat tentang pencegahan Covid-19 di kelurahan mitra sudah baik namun sikap dan tindakan masih perlu ditingkatkan.
Edukasi Pemberdayaan Peran Remaja dalam Menjaga Kesehatan Lingkungan di Wilayah Pesisir
Authors: Yarmaliza Yarmaliza , Fitriani Fitriani , Farisni Teungku Nih , Syahputri Veni Nella , Zakiyuddin Zakiyuddin , Reynaldi Fitrah 
Published: May 2021

Rendahnya pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap pentingnya kesadaran untuk menjaga lingkungan dapat mengakibatkan pencemaran lingkungan dan akan berpotensi menimbulkan berbagai penyakit akibat lingkungan yang tidak dikelola dengan baik. Kegiatan edukasi ini menghadirkan peserta remaja yang berusia 14-16 tahun sebagai agent of change untuk nantinya dapat terlibat langsung dalam menjaga lingkungan di wilayah pesisir atau di lingkungan tempat tinggal. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian ini untuk memberikan pemahaman kepada remaja tentang pentingnya peran mereka dalam keikutsertaannya dalam menjaga lingkungan sekitar (wilayah pesisir). Pengabdian ini telah dilaksanakan pada 09 November 2019 dengan metode edukasi berupa penyuluhan terhadap remaja di wilayah pesisir. Adapun hasil dari edukasi ini adalah adanya peningkatan pengetahuan remaja terhadap pentingnya pemberdayaan remaja sebagai agent of change dalam menjaga lingkungan tempat tinggalnya.
Kadınlarda Stria Gravidarum Oluşumu ile İlişkili Faktörler ve Vücut Algısı
Authors: KAPLAN Özlem , BÜLBÜL Tülay , ŞAHİN Merve Gül , ÇINAR Salih Levent , MÜDERRİS İptisam 
Published: May 2021

Amaç: Bu araştırma kadınlarda stria gravidarum (SG) oluşumu ile ilişkili faktörler ve vücut algısının belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Yöntem: Kesitsel olarak tasarlanan çalışma 23.09.2018-31.07.2019 tarihleri arasında bir üniversite hastanesinin Perinatoloji Servisi’nde, 226 erken postpartum dönemdeki kadın ile yapılmıştır. Veriler, Tanıtım Formu, Fitzpatrick Classification Scale (FCS), Atwal Skoru, Vücut Algısı Ölçeği ve Cilt Nem Ölçer aleti kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Çalışmanın yapılabilmesi için Etik Kurul onayı, katılımcılardan yazılı ve sözlü onam alınmıştır.
Bulgular: Atwal skoruna göre kadınların %92.0’ında hafif, %7.5’inde orta, ve %0.4’ünde şiddetli SG vardır. Kadınların %59.2’sinde memede, %86.2’sinde abdomende, %86.2’sinde kalçada ve %85.3’ünda uylukta SG bulunmaktadır. Abdomendeki SG oluşumu ile ilişkili faktörler defekasyon sıklığı, gebelik öncesi SG varlığı, gebelik öncesi ve sonrası kilo, gebelik öncesi ve sonrası BKİ, doğum yapılan gebelik haftası ve bebek kilosu; memedeki SG oluşumu ile ilişkili faktörler meme nem düzeyi, aktivite şekli ve yaş; kalçadaki SG oluşumu ile ilişkili faktörler gebelik öncesi kilo; uyluktaki SG oluşumu ile ilişkili faktörler gebelik öncesi spor yapma durumu, gebelik öncesi kilosu ve uyluk nem düzeyi olarak belirlenmiştir (p0.05).
Sonuç: Gebelik sürecinde kadınların tamamında en az bir bölgede SG gelişmektedir. Gebelik döneminde annenin kilo kontrolünün sağlanması, kendisine uygun egzersizlere yönlendirilmesi, vücut nemliliğinin sağlanması konusunda desteklenmesi önemlidir.
Chronic Migraine
Authors: Gribbin Catriona L , Dani Krishna A , Tyagi Alok 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Chronic migraine is an under-recognized and under-treated disorder. A greater understanding of the pathophysiology of migraine and transformation to chronic migraine has led to the first targeted treatments for chronic migraine. In this review, we review current approaches to the diagnosis and management of chronic migraine and discuss recent and emerging novel therapies.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to provide an update on the diagnosis and management of chronic migraine.

Methods and Material:
The PubMed database was searched for relevant articles published on or before October 2020.

Results and Conclusions:
Chronic migraine is an under-recognized and under-treated disorder. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management can lead to a significant improvement in the quality of life with subsequent socioeconomic benefits.
Migraine and Vascular Risk
Authors: Gupta Anu , Srivastava M V Padma 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Migraine is a common neurological disorder with significant morbidity and disability. There is growing evidence that migraine is associated with cardiovascular diseases and stroke.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to provide an update on the association of migraine with some common vascular diseases in persons suffering from the disease and discuss the clinical implications.

Methods and Materials:
We searched PUBMED database using the MeSH terms “Stroke”, “Coronary Artery Disease”, “Myocardial Ischemia”, “Atrial Fibrillation”, “White Matter” and “Dementia, Vascular”, in combination with “Migraine Disorders”, “Migraine with Aura” and “Migraine without Aura” and reviewed the relevant studies. We studied articles mostly in English for the past 10 years, without excluding older articles that were relevant to this review. We also searched the reference lists of articles obtained and included some insightful reviews on 'Migraine and Vascular Risk'.

Results:
The association between migraine and vascular diseases is strong and consistent for ischemic stroke and migraine with aura especially in young women, with oral contraceptive use and smoking. Although literature reports a higher prevalence of obesity, dyslipidemia, and family history of cardiovascular diseases in migraineurs, the 'migraine-vascular' connection persists in models where the traditional vascular risk factors are adjusted, implicating a migraine-specific pathophysiology at work. There is some evidence linking an adverse vascular risk factor profile to incident myocardial infarction in people with migraine. The association with hemorrhagic stroke is more variable.

Conclusion:
Although the absolute effect of migraine on 'vascular risks' is small, good practice parameters dwell on treating and reducing existing cardiovascular risk factors through lifestyle modification, encouraging smoking cessation, and advocating the wise use of agents like ergot alkaloids and oral contraceptives, after a risk-benefit analysis.
Hemicrania Continua
Authors: Prakash Sanjay , Rawat Kalu Singh 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Hemicrania continua (HC) is not uncommon in clinical practice, and several large case series have been published in the recent past.

Objectives:
This review provides an overview of the recent advancement in different aspects of HC.

Methods:
We reviewed the articles published on HC in the last 2 decades.

Results:
HC constitutes 1.7% of patients with headache in the clinics. It presents with unilateral continuous background pain with periodic exacerbations, usually accompanied by cranial autonomic features and restlessness. The continuous background headache is the most consistent and central feature of HC. Although the duration of exacerbations varies from a few seconds to a few weeks, the frequency ranges from >20 attacks/day to one attack in several months. The background pain is mild to moderate in intensity and does not hamper routine activity. Patients and physicians frequently ignore the basal pain, and a case of HC is misdiagnosed as other headaches, depending on the pattern of exacerbations. The exacerbation mimics several primary headaches and neuralgias. There are about 75 cases of secondary HC, due to 29 different pathologies. Although an absolute response to indomethacin is part of the diagnostic criteria, a subset of patients may respond to several other drugs. Headache reappears immediately on skipping a single dose of effective drug. Several surgical procedures have been tried in patients who are intolerant to indomethacin.

Conclusion:
Misdiagnosis of HC is common. Continuous background pain and response to indomethacin are two essential features for the diagnosis of HC.
Diagnosis and Management of Headaches in the Emergency Department (ED) in Adults and Children
Authors: Zhao Yi J , Lim Jocelyn Y X , Wong Pei S 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Headache accounts for a significant number of cases presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) and has a high societal cost, contributed by recurrent ED and clinic visits, and unnecessary diagnostic tests.

Objective:
This review article covers the important clinical tools needed to evaluate headaches in both adults and children in the ED.

Methods:
Medline/PubMed was searched using the keywords “Emergency department”, “headache”, “adult”, “pediatric”, “clinical assessment”, “diagnosis” and “treatment”, in the title or abstract. The search covers the period from 1 January 1990 to 31 December 2019.

Results:
The articles selected were based on their relevancy to the objective of this review article. Additional relevant publications were identified from article references lists.

Conclusion:
The emergency physician plays a key role in differentiating between primary and secondary headaches. Within the limited ED resources, appropriate diagnostic testing should be used to identify the life-threatening headaches. This will ensure patients are given the appropriate evidence-based pharmacological therapy and holistic management.
Occipital Neuralgia and Its Management
Authors: Thomas Davis C. , Patil Amey G. , Sood Ruchika , Katzmann Giannina 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Greater and lesser occipital neuralgias are primary neuralgias that are relatively uncommon, where the pain is felt in the distribution of these nerves.

Objective:
This review paper was intended to describe the features and management of occipital neuralgia in the context of a challenging case.

Material and Methods:
We looked at succinct literature from the past 30 years. We compared the features of our challenging case given in the current literature. In addition, an overview of the current literature is provided.

Results:
The case, although proved to be a diagnostic challenge, we were able to reach a conclusion and render the patient almost complete pain relief by conservative management modalities. It proved to be a rare presentation of occipital neuralgia with unusual pain distribution, and we are able to describe a literature-based explanation for this entity to be a diagnostic and management challenge.

Conclusion:
Primary headaches, i'n general, are a group of headache disorders that require exquisite diagnostic skills. The clinical history is a key factor when making an accurate diagnosis, and to establish an appropriate management plan.
Uncommon (Group 4.0) Primary Headaches
Authors: Ravishankar Krishnamurthy 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Other primary headaches make up group 4.0 of the International Classification of Headache Disorders third edition (ICHD-3). This group includes a clinically varied group of headache entities whose pathophysiology is not well understood and whose treatments are based on open-label reports.

Objective:
To review and update the uncommon primary headaches included under group 4.0 in ICHD-3.

Methods:
We reviewed the headache disorders listed under group 4.0 of ICHD-3 for the clinical features, diagnostic criteria, and management, and described recent updates of these relatively rare disorders.

Results:
The entities included in this group have a characteristic presentation in practice. Some of them are activity-related and can be provoked by Valsalva maneuver (primary cough headache), some by prolonged exercise (primary exercise headache), and some by sexual excitation (primary headache associated with sexual activity); primary thunderclap headache has also been included here because all the above-listed entities can sometimes present in thunderclap fashion too. Two of the entities in this group 4.0 are linked to direct physical stimuli viz. cold stimulus headache and external pressure headache. Also included in this group are primary stabbing headaches and nummular headaches that are presumed to be due to the involvement of the terminal branches of the sensory nerves supplying the scalp and are, therefore, termed “epicranial headaches.” Hypnic headache syndrome and new daily persistent headache are included here as “miscellaneous headaches” because we still do not know enough about their causation.

Conclusion:
The headache disorders included under group 4.0 in ICHD-3 are uncommon, heterogeneous entities, which may pose diagnostic and management challenges to the physicians. The diagnosis may be missed owing to a lack of familiarity.
Occipital Neuralgia
Authors: Wamsley Christine E , Chung Michael , Amirlak Bardia 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Occipital neuralgia (ON) is a primary headache disorder characterized by sharp, shooting, or electric shock-like pain in the distribution of the greater, lesser, or third occipital nerves.

Aim:
To review the existing literature on the management of ON and to describe our technique of an endoscopic-assisted approach to decompress the GON proximally in areas of fibrous and muscular compression, as well as distally by thorough decompression of the occipital artery from the nerve.

Methods:
Relevant literature on the medical and surgical management of ON was reviewed. Literature on the anatomical relationships of occipital nerves and their clinical relevance were also reviewed.

Results:
While initial treatment of ON is conservative, peripheral nerve blocks and many surgical management approaches are available for patients with pain refractory to the medical treatment. These include greater occipital nerve blocks, occipital nerve stimulation, Botulinum toxin injections locally, pulsed radiofrequency ablation, cryoneuroablation, C-2 ganglionectomy, and endoscopic-assisted ON decompression.

Conclusion:
Patients of ON refractory to medical management can be benefitted by surgical approaches and occipital nerve blocks. Endoscopic-assisted ON decompression provides one such approach for the patients with vascular, fibrous or muscular compressions of occipital nerves resulting in intractable ON.
Medication Overuse Headache
Authors: Kulkarni Girish B , Mathew Thomas , Mailankody Pooja 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Medication overuse headache (MOH) is one of the highly disabling headache disorder and affects about 1% of the population of the world. It is associated with the development of headache for 15 days or more, with consumption of acute symptomatic medications for 10–15 days (depending on the class of drug, like, simple analgesics, triptans, and opioids) in a month, used for relief of headache for three or more months, in a known patient of primary headache disorder.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to review the topic of MOH and present the details of this disorder with an emphasis on recent updates in the field of pathophysiology and treatment.

Material and Methods:
Literature search was performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane database with appropriate keywords and relevant full-text articles were reviewed for writing this article.

Results:
Over the years, the concept of MOH has evolved, although the exact pathophysiology is still being explored. In a susceptible individual interplay of genetics, change in pain pathways, changes in areas of the brain associated with the perception of pain, and changes in the neurotransmitters have been implicated. It has to be differentiated from other secondary chronic daily headache disorders, by a careful history, targeted examination, details of intake of medications. Treatment predominantly involves patient education, removal of the offending agent, and initiation of prophylactic medications for primary headache disorder in the outpatient or inpatient services.

Conclusions:
MOH is a secondary headache disorder, which should be considered in any chronic headache patient. There are various pathophysiological mechanisms attributed to its development. Management includes educating the patients about the disorder, detoxification, and prophylactic therapy.
Cluster Headache
Authors: Cheema Sanjay , Matharu Manjit 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Cluster headache is a highly disabling primary headache disorder which is widely described as the most painful condition a human can experience.

Aim:
To provide an overview of the clinical characteristics, epidemiology, risk factors, differential diagnosis, pathophysiology and treatment options of cluster headache, with a focus on recent developments in the field.

Methods:
Structured review of the literature on cluster headache.

Results:
Cluster headache affects approximately one in 1000 of the population. It is characterised by attacks of severe unilateral head pain associated with ipsilateral cranial autonomic symptoms, and the tendency for attacks to occur with circadian and circannual periodicity. The pathophysiology of cluster headache and other primary headache disorders has recently become better understood and is thought to involve the hypothalamus and trigeminovascular system. There is good quality evidence for acute treatment of attacks with parenteral triptans and high flow oxygen; preventive treatment with verapamil; and transitional treatment with oral corticosteroids or greater occipital nerve injection. New pharmacological and neuromodulation therapies have recently been developed.

Conclusion:
Cluster headache causes distinctive symptoms, which once they are recognised can usually be managed with a variety of established treatments. Recent pathophysiological understanding has led to the development of newer pharmacological and neuromodulation therapies, which may soon become established in clinical practice.
Preventive Oral Treatment of Episodic Migraine
Authors: Ranganathan Lakshmi N , Ramamurthy Guhan , Kanthimathinathan Shunmugasundaram 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Migraine is a common primary headache disorder and Episodic migraine is characterized by the occurrence of up to 14 headache days in a month. The preventive treatment of migraine is useful in patients with frequent migraine attacks, impaired activities of daily living, failure of acute pain management, disabling aura and limitations in the use of acute treatment. It is aimed at reducing headache frequency and intensity, improve response to acute treatment of migraine and improve the quality of life.

Aim:
To analyze the evidence for the efficacy and tolerability of preventive oral drugs used in the management of episodic migraine.

Methods:
A narrative review of the references were reviewed by searching the literature for the articles published in PubMed in English language using all the following MeSH keywords “preventive treatment”, “preventive oral treatment”, AND “episodic migraine”, “migraine”.

Results:
Out of articles identified in the search, 38 articles were reviewed for evidence and summarized. The various oral drugs used in the prevention of episodic migraine are antihypertensives (beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers and Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/Angiotensin receptor blockers), antidepressants (tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors), antiepileptic drugs (valproic acid, topiramate, lamotrigine) and other miscellaneous agents. HURT questionnaire and HALT 30 index are useful in assessing response to treatment in the follow up of migraine patients.

Conclusion:
An appropriately chosen oral drug is useful in the preventive treatment of episodic migraine. In patients, who fail to respond to the preventive treatment, it is essential to review the diagnosis of migraine, titrate the dosage and duration of preventive treatment and ensure patient compliance. In those patients who fail to respond to monotherapy, polytherapy is a useful option to be considered.