bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predator presence and recent climatic warming raise body temperatures of island lizards
Authors: Landry Yuan Félix , Ito Shun , Tsang Toby P. N. , Kuriyama Takeo , Yamasaki Kaede , Bonebrake Timothy C. , Hasegawa Masami 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn ectothermic predator‐prey relationships, evasion of predation by prey depends on physiological and behavioural responses relating to the thermal biology of both predator and prey. On Japan's Izu Islands, we investigated a prey lizard's physiological and thermal responses to the presence of a snake predator over geologic time in addition to recent climatic warming. Foraging lizard body temperatures increased by 1.3 °C from 1981 to 2019 overall, yet were 2.9 °C warmer on snake islands relative to snake‐free islands. We also detected snake predator‐induced selection on hind leg length, which in turn is a major determinant for sprint speed only in lizard populations exposed to predation by snakes. Accordingly, we found that warmer prey body temperatures result in faster sprint speeds by the prey at temperatures suboptimal for the snake predator, and therefore contribute to escaping predation. Given recent climatic change, further warming could irrevocably alter this and other ectothermic predator‐prey relationships.
Inhaled ciclesonide is efficacious and well tolerated in the treatment of severe equine asthma in a large prospective European clinical trial
Authors: Pirie Robert Scott , Mueller Hanns‐Walter , Engel Odilo , Albrecht Balazs , von Salis‐Soglio Marcella 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundCiclesonide is a glucocorticoid prodrug, already registered for human use. Due to its mode of action and inhaled route of administration, it was considered an appropriate treatment option for horses with severe equine asthma. Although the efficacy of inhaled ciclesonide has been demonstrated in horses with asthma exacerbations under controlled mouldy hay challenge conditions, it has not yet been reported under field conditions.ObjectivesTo assess the effectiveness and safety of inhaled ciclesonide for the treatment of severe equine asthma.Study designProspective, multicentre, placebo‐controlled, randomised, double‐blinded study.MethodsTwo‐hundred and twenty‐four client‐owned horses with severe equine asthma were randomised (1:1 ratio) to receive either ciclesonide inhalation (343 µg/actuation) solution or placebo (0 µg/actuation). Treatments (placebo or ciclesonide) were administered with a nonpressurised Soft Mist™ inhaler specifically developed for horses (Aservo®EquiHaler®) at doses of 8 actuations twice daily for the first 5 days and 12 actuations once daily for the following 5 days. Primary outcome was a success/failure analysis with the a priori definition of treatment success as a 30% or greater reduction in weighted clinical score (WCS) between Day 0 and Day 10 (±1).ResultsThe treatment success rate (as defined above) in ciclesonide‐treated horses was 73.4% (80/109) after 10 (±1) days of treatment, being significantly higher than in the placebo group with 43.2% (48/111;P < 0.0001). Few systemic and local adverse events of ciclesonide were observed.Main limitationsThe severity of clinical signs of severe equine asthma varies over time; despite the prohibition of environmental management changes during the study, a placebo effect was also identified. This potentially contributed, in part, to the clinical improvement observed in the ciclesonide‐treated group.ConclusionsCiclesonide inhalation solution administered by the Aservo®EquiHaler®effectively reduced severity of clinical signs in a majority of horses with severe equine asthma and was well tolerated.
Carry‐over effects of environmental stochasticity of the California Current on body condition and wing length of breeding Black‐vented Shearwaters (Puffinus opisthomelas)
Authors: Soldatini Cecilia , Rosas‐Hernandez Martha Patricia , Albores‐Barajas Yuri V. , Bambini Giulia , Munguia‐Vega Adrian , Giambalvo Giulia , Dell’Omo Giacomo 
Published: January 2021

Recent climatic variation has led to a change in size or mass in some species. The Black‐vented Shearwater Puffinus opisthomelas is endemic to the California Current System, a highly variable system, giving us cues as to the effects of interannual variability on predators. Here, we report the results of a comparison of biometrics measurement in the short term, 4 years, with different environmental conditions. We found that environmental variability has a direct effect on the body condition of the species, affecting not only body mass but also wing length, with shorter wings as a carry‐over effect of adverse conditions.
Failure to replicate a robust Down syndrome advantage for maternal well‐being
Authors: Jess M. , Flynn S. , Bailey T. , Hastings R. P. , Totsika V. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundFamily members caring for children with intellectual disability (ID) routinely report heightened levels of psychological distress. However, families of children with Down syndrome typically report better outcomes (known as the Down syndrome advantage). We examined whether the Down syndrome advantage would be present for maternal psychological distress, impact of caregiving, life satisfaction and perceived positive impact of the child with ID when controlling for external variables.MethodsMothers of children with Down syndrome (n = 111) and mothers of children with ID of mixed aetiologies (n = 196) completed measures about their own mental health, perceived impact of caregiving, life satisfaction and perceived positive impact of their child on themselves and the family unit.ResultsA series of group comparisons revealed small to moderate differences supporting the presence of a putative Down syndrome advantage in relation to personal maternal well‐being outcomes. However, when child‐related characteristics and external variables were controlled, the Down syndrome advantage was no longer present, with reduced, small effect sizes observed for all maternal outcomes.ConclusionsInitial group differences in psychological distress and life satisfaction were largely associated with family poverty, indicating that the Down syndrome advantage may be less robust than previously thought. Future research should seek to move beyond examining the existence of the putative Down syndrome advantage and focus on how families of children with Down syndrome experience family life, including longitudinal research exploring responses to life cycle and transition challenges.
A rare case of atrophic dermatofibroma with dermoscopic findings
Authors: Aktaş Karabay Ezgi , Demir Damla , Gürsoy Fatıma , Zindancı İlkin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundDermatofibroma, also known as cutaneous benign fibrous histiocytoma, is a common skin tumour.AimThe aim of this paper was to present a rare variant of dermatofibroma, atrophic dermatofibroma, emphasizing histopathological and dermoscopic features.Patients/MethodsA case of atrophic dermatofibroma in a female patient with the characteristic histopathological features and newly demonstrated dermoscopic findings is presented.ResultsA 54‐year‐old female presented with a depressed reddish lesion on the back showing histopathological findings of atrophic dermatofibroma. The dermoscopy of the lesion revealed a peripheral pigment network surrounding a pink‐reddish colouration around a central whitish scar‐like patch with white‐yellow scales which was not an exact match with the description in the literature.ConclusionAtrophic dermatofibroma is a rare variant that presents as an atrophic, depressed skin lesion which can easily be overlooked. Atrophic dermatofibroma should be considered in the differential diagnoses of atrophic, depressed lesions on the upper body of middle‐aged women. The case of atrophic dermatofibroma presented here showed typical histopathologic findings with atypical dermoscopic features.
Identification of predictive factors for the probability of pregnancy following ovulation stimulation‐intra‐uterine insemination cycles in terms of female and male
Authors: Ozcan Pinar , Takmaz Taha 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimTo identify which positive prognostic parameters contribute to successful treatment outcomes and the probability of pregnancy by analyzing the results of infertile couples underwent ovulation stimulation (OS) and intra‐uterine insemination (IUI) in our clinic.MethodsFive hundred and nineteen couples who underwent OS‐IUI treatment because of a mild–moderate male factor, unexplained infertility, or anovulation were retrospectively analyzed. The data collected included patient demographics, cycle characteristic, sperm parameters and pregnancy rates. The main outcome measure was pregnancy rate (PR).ResultsOur overall PR was 17.72% (n = 92). In women who did not achieve pregnancy, age, BMI and duration of infertility were significantly higher (P < 0.001, P < 0.001 and P = 0.03, respectively). The IUI indications of higher PR were unexplained infertility (P = 0.018) and primary infertility (P = 0.003). AFC was significantly lower and the total dosage of gonadotropins was significantly higher in women who did not achieve pregnancy (P = 0.001 and P = 0.017, respectively). The number of progressive motile spermatozoa inseminated and the morphology were significantly higher in women who did not achieve pregnancy (P = 0.056 and P = 0.001, respectively). Female age ≤ 30 (OR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.81–0.95; P < 0.01), BMI ≤23.3 kg/m2 (OR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.80–0.95; P = 0.002) and AFC > 9 (OR = 1.07; 95% CI: 1–1.15; P = 0.034) increase the pregnancy.ConclusionYounger women, especially those with unexplained infertility, primary infertility, shorter duration of infertility, normal ovarian reserve, higher motile spermatozoa inseminated and sperm morphology, could benefit from OS‐IUI.
Early description of amniotomy in medieval Persia
Authors: Vazani Yasaman , Feyzabadi Zohre , Ghorbani Fariba , Daneshfard Babak 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimArtificial rupture of the amniotic membranes during the labor, which is called amniotomy, is a common procedure in modern obstetric and midwifery protocols. There is no definite agreement regarding the timing of amniotomy in a delayed labor. In this study, we have discussed the history of amniotomy in medieval Persia mentioning the Persian medicine recommendations in this regard.MethodsWe studied main Persian medicine textbooks such as Canon of Medicine by Avicenna to investigate the history of labor management and amniotomy indications. In addition, amniotomy in current literature was studied using PubMed and Google Scholar databases.ResultsPersian medicine has recommended artificial rupture of membranes for labor augmentation based on its own theories. Methods for facilitation of the labor have been divided into two groups: one group before and the other during the labor. Avicenna has carefully explained the indication of amniotomy. He has recommended artificial rupture of membranes in cases of intact membranes with cervical dilatation and fetal descent. A needle or a kind of surgical knife called Mabzaa had been introduced for this procedure.ConclusionsIt seems that Iranian physicians are the first scholars who have introduced the amniotomy for labor management in the 11th century. Persian medicine recommendations for labor facilitation should be considered in future studies.
A real‐time sleep scoring framework for closed‐loop sleep manipulation in mice
Authors: Huffman Dillon , Ajwad Asma'a , Yaghouby Farid , O’Hara Bruce F , Sunderam Sridhar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSubtle changes in sleep architecture can accompany and be symptomatic of many diseases or disorders. In order to probe and understand the complex interactions between sleep and health, the ability to model, track, and modulate sleep in preclinical animal models is vital. While various methods have been described for scoring experimental sleep recordings, few are designed to work in real time – a prerequisite for closed‐loop sleep manipulation. In the present study, we have developed algorithms and software to classify sleep in real time and validated it on C57BL/6 mice (n = 8). Hidden Markov models of baseline sleep dynamics were fitted using an unsupervised algorithm to electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) data for each mouse, and were able to classify sleep in a manner highly concordant with manual scoring (Cohen’s Kappa >75%) up to 3 weeks after model construction. This approach produced reasonably accurate estimates of common sleep metrics (proportion, mean duration, and number of bouts). After construction, the models were used to track sleep in real time and accomplish selective rapid eye movement (REM) sleep restriction by triggering non‐invasive somatosensory stimulation. During REM restriction trials, REM bout duration was significantly reduced, and the classifier continued to perform satisfactorily despite the disrupted sleep patterns. The software can easily be tailored for use with other commercial or customised methods of sleep disruption (e.g. stir bar, optogenetic stimulation, etc.) and could serve as a robust platform to facilitate closed‐loop experimentation. The source code and documentation are freely available upon request from the authors.
Effect of complementary feeding behaviour change communication delivered through community‐level actors on infant growth and morbidity in rural communities of West Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: A cluster‐randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ayalew Chalachew Abiyu , Belachew Tefera 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAttaining the recommended level of adequacy of the infants' diet remains a serious challenge in developing countries. On the other hand, the incidence of growth faltering and morbidity increases significantly at 6 months of age when complementary foods are being introduced. This trial aimed to evaluate the effect of complementary feeding behaviour change communication delivered through community‐level actors on infant growth and morbidity. We conducted a cluster‐randomized controlled trial in rural communities of Ethiopia. Trial participants in the intervention clusters (eight clusters) received complementary feeding behaviour change communication for 9 months, whereas those in the control clusters (eight clusters) received only the usual care. A pre‐tested, structured interviewer‐administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Generalized estimating equations regression analyses adjusted for baseline covariates and clustering were used to test the effects of the intervention on infant growth and morbidity. Infants in the intervention group had significantly higher weight gain (MD: 0.46 kg; 95% CI: 0.36–0.56) and length gain (MD: 0.96 cm; 95% CI: 0.56–1.36) as compared with those in the control group. The intervention also significantly reduced the rate of infant stunting by 7.5 percentage points (26.5% vs. 34%, RR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.47–0.98) and underweight by 8.2 percentage points (17% vs. 25.2%; RR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.35–0.87). Complementary feeding behaviour change communication delivered through community‐level actors significantly improved infant weight and length gains and reduced the rate of stunting and underweight.
A qualitative analysis of nursing students' tweets during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: De Gagne Jennie C. , Cho Eunji , Park Hyeyoung K. , Nam Jeehae D. , Jung Dukyoo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 outbreak has profoundly changed daily life and the ways in which students learn and interact. This study explores the nature and content of tweets posted by students enrolled in nursing programs (hereafter nursing students) in the United Kingdom, the United States, and South Korea during the COVID‐19 pandemic between March 4 and April 7, 2020. A total of 8856 tweets from the Twitter accounts of 95 self‐identified nursing students were included in our qualitative analysis. The findings revealed five categories of tweet content: (i) reactions to COVID‐19; (ii) everyday life; (iii) role as a student; (iv) social connections; and (v) sociopolitical issues. Students shared concerns about the impact of COVID‐19 on their education, discussed their experiences as nursing students, tweeted details of their daily lives, and sought social connections for support as well as for information sharing. The findings of this study can inform nurse educators to better understand their students' responses to and sentiments about the COVID‐19 pandemic. Nurse educators should incorporate this understanding into curricula for pandemic preparedness and response efforts.
Women's experiences of an enhanced recovery after surgery program: A qualitative study
Authors: Rydmark Kersley Åsa , Berterö Carina 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Program aims to transfer much of the responsibility for postoperative recovery to the patient and their next of kin. The aim of the study was to identify and describe women's experiences of care within this program in relation to gynecological abdominal surgery. A qualitative approach was used where 16 women were interviewed within 1 to 2 weeks of their surgery. A thematic analysis focusing on interpretation of latent content was performed. Three themes were identified: Empowerment, Self‐care, and Participation. Empowerment represents aspects of the recovery program that strengthen self‐efficacy, such as being seen, being given information, and continuity of care. Self‐care identifies the practical implications of empowerment, namely internal resources, knowledge, and external resources. These two themes were identified as separate but interlinked through the theme Participation. Preoperative information, postoperative encouragement, and follow‐up empowered the women in their recovery. Early discharge from hospital was beneficial for recovery if accompanied by social support and sufficient self‐care ability. A desire for a person‐centered approach in the preoperative meeting and in postoperative care was identified.
Prevalence of food addiction in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yekaninejad Mir Saeed , Badrooj Negin , Vosoughi Fardis , Lin Chung‐Ying , Potenza Mac N. , Pakpour Amir H. 
Published: January 2021

SummaryFood addiction (FA) has been as a construct that is associated with childhood obesity. However, relatively little is known regarding the prevalence of FA among children and adolescents. An instrument designed to assess FA among youth, the Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children and Adolescents (YFAS‐C), has been developed and used to estimate FA prevalence among pediatric populations. The present systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to synthesize the results of FA prevalence among youth. Using keywords related to FA and children to search PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science, we identified and analyzed 22 cross‐sectional studies. No longitudinal studies were identified in the search. Meta‐analysis with Freeman‐Tukey Double Arcsine transformation was conducted to estimate FA prevalence. Meta‐regression was applied to understand whether weight status (i.e., data from community samples vs. overweight/obese samples) is associated with FA. Eligible studies (N = 22) were analyzed using 6,996 participants. The estimated FA prevalence was 15% (95% CI 11–19%) for all samples, 12% (95% CI 8–17%) for community samples, and 19% (95% CI 14–26%) for overweight/obese samples. Meta‐regression indicated that weight status was associated with FA severity (p = 0.002) and marginally with FA prevalence (p = 0.056). Healthcare providers should consider and address the high FA prevalence among pediatric population.
What does self‐selection of dietary proteins in rats tell us about protein requirements and body weight control?
Authors: Even Patrick C. , Gehring Joséphine , Tomé Daniel 
Published: January 2021

SummaryOmnivores are able to correctly select adequate amounts of macronutrients from natural foods as well as purified macronutrients. In the rat model, the selected protein levels are often well above the requirements estimated from the nitrogen balance. These high intake levels were initially interpreted as reflecting poor control of protein intake, but the selected levels were later found to be precisely controlled for changes in dietary protein quality and adjusted for cold, exercise, pregnancy, lactation, age, etc. and therefore met physiological requirements. Several authors have also suggested that instead of a given level of protein intake, rodents regulate a ratio of protein to dietary carbohydrates in order to achieve metabolic benefits such as reduced insulin levels, improved blood glucose control, and, in the long term, reduced weight and fat gain. The objective of this review was to analyze the most significant results of studies carried out on rats and mice since the beginning of the 20th century, to consider what these results can bring us to interpret the current causes of the obesity pandemic and to anticipate the possible consequences of policies aimed at reducing the contribution of animal proteins in the human diet.
Low luminance visual acuity as a clinical measure and clinical trial outcome measure: a scoping review
Authors: Wood Laura J , Jolly Jasleen K , Buckley Thomas MW , Josan Amandeep S , MacLaren Robert E 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeThe measurement of standard visual acuity (VA) is the most well‐known part of any ophthalmic examination to indicate visual function. Despite this, it is insensitive in detecting early disease changes. Therefore, other visual function tests have been developed including low luminance VA (LLVA) and low luminance deficit (LLD). This scoping literature review aims to summarise the current published applications of LLVA and LLD assessments to evaluate their utility as clinical markers and research outcome measures in a variety of ophthalmic conditions.Recent findingsSixty‐five peer‐reviewed publications were included. LLVA was pioneered for use in geographic atrophy, a subtype of age‐related macular degeneration, which remains the mainstay of its clinical application. However, other studies have reported additional useful applications in inherited retinal diseases including rare maculopathies and rod‐cone dystrophies. Although there are some variations in testing methodology, use of the standard Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart with a 2.0 log unit neutral density filter is the most popular approach. The optimal testing luminance is still to be defined.SummaryOverall, LLVA is an earlier clinical marker of change in central retinal function than standard VA. It has been shown to be a risk factor for disease progression and a better indicator of a patient’s level of everyday visual function. It is inexpensive and simple to implement using readily available standard ophthalmic equipment.
Nodular fasciitis on the cheek of a child
Authors: Patel Deep , Samson Thomas D. , Cochran Eric L. , Zaenglein Andrea L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNodular fasciitis is a benign proliferation of myofibroblastic cells affecting subcutaneous tissue, muscles, and fascia. This rare disorder is most commonly observed on the upper extremity of adults. We present a case of nodular fasciitis of the cheek of a 12‐year‐old girl.