bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Idiopathic Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus and Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Authors: Tominaga Hiroyuki , Tokumoto Hiroto , Kawamura Ichiro , Sanada Masato , Kawazoe Kazumasa , Taketomi Eiji , Taniguchi Noboru 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Object: To evaluate the relationship between idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) and lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS).Methods: With the aging of society, the numbers of patients with iNPH and LSS are likely to increase. iNPH and LSS have similar symptoms including gait disturbance and urinary dysfunction. The prevalence of dementia is higher in older adults with LSS. However, the relationship of LSS with iNPH and the prevalence of LSS in patients with iNPH are unknown. In our department between April 2011 and March 2017, 226 patients were diagnosed with iNPH and underwent shunt operation including lumboperitoneal shunts and ventriculoperitoneal shunts. Two spine surgeons evaluated LSS on magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine. Age, sex, body mass index, Timed Up and Go test, Mini Mental State Examination score, and urinary dysfunction were examined before and after surgery for iNPH. Changes in these variables were compared between patients with iNPH without LSS and with iNPH and LSS.Results: In the overall cohort, the median patient age was 78 years and there were 121 males. Among 226 patients with iNPH, 73 (32.3%) had LSS. Neurological symptoms were improved in all patients at final follow-up. The rate of symptom improvement was lower for the iNPH and LSS group compared with the iNPH without LSS group.Conclusions: Surgery to improve gait disturbance might be difficult in patients with iNPH with LSS. When examining patients with iNPH, we should consider the possibility of concomitant LSS.
Objective discovery of dominant dynamical processes with machine learning
Authors: Kaiser Bryan , Saenz Juan , Sonnewald Maike , Livescu Daniel 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Significant advances in the understanding and modeling of dynamical systems has been enabled by the identification of processes that locally and approximately dominate system behavior, or dynamical regimes. The conventional regime identification method involves tedious and ad hoc parsing of data to judiciously obtain scales to ascertain which governing equation terms are dominant in each regime. Surprisingly, no objective and universally applicable criterion exists to robustly identify dynamical regimes in an unbiased manner, neither for conventional nor for machine learning-based methods of analysis. Here, we formally define dynamical regime identification as an optimization problem by using a verification criterion, and we show that an unsupervised learning framework can automatically and credibly identify regimes. This eliminates reliance upon ad hoc conventional analyses, with vast potential to accelerate discovery. Our verification criterion also enables unbiased comparison of regimes identified by different methods. In addition to diagnostic applications, the verification criterion and learning framework are immediately useful for data-driven dynamical process modeling, and are relevant to researchers interested in the development of inherently interpretable methods for scientific machine learning. Automation of this kind of approximate mechanistic analysis is necessary for scientists to gain new dynamical insights from increasingly large data streams.
An Efficient Machine Learning Approach to Nephrology Through Iris Recognition
Authors: Divya C D , L Gururaj H , Rohan R , Bhagyalakshmi V , Rashmi H A , Domnick A , Flammini Francesco 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Iridology is a technique in science used to analyze color, patterns, and various other properties of the iris to assess an individual's general health. Few regions in the iris are connected by nerves coming from different organs of body, this shows some special unique qualities which is advantageous along with which assist in psychological condition, particular organ conditions and construction of the body. The structural and designed patterns present on specific part of iris represent the level of intensity of disorder caused by the organs. This method of approach can be employed as reasonable and logical guidelines for the detection and identification of disorders. Therefore, after scanning the image of iris advance study of disorder can be carried out for detecting the condition of organ. Initially by the service of an adaptive histogram, the image of eye should be separated from part of the image captured. Next the images of iris are classified and recognized using machine learning algorithm Support Vector machine or Support Vector Networks. The features are extracted from images of iris using white Gaussian filters which are then used as a feature descriptor. These descriptors count the occurrences of gradient orientation and magnitude in localized portions of an image. Then convert the image of iris to a gray scaled image, final image is standardized. Next is to convert it into rectangular shape and then assembling the HMM images of eyes related to the kidney. The final level is to diagnose the edge of image of iris HMM. By analysing end results, condition of the organ can be diagnosed and results can be obtained from the iris recognition system.
Adaptive tracking control for uncertain nonlinear systems subject to unknown control coefficients, state constraints, and input saturation
Authors: Wang Chunxiao , Qi Lu , Zhao Yan , Yu Jiali 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article is committed to studying the tracking control problem for a class of uncertain nonlinear system with unknown control coefficients. The system is subject to full state constraints, input saturation constraint, and external disturbances simultaneously. By introducing a hyperbolic tangent function to approximate the saturated input function, the sharp corner caused by the input saturation is avoided. In the meanwhile, an auxiliary system is constructed to compensate the resulting approximation error. By using the barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) based adaptive backsteping control, the Nussbaum-type adaptive controllers are constructed for the augmented system with unknown control direction. It not only ensures the system states are always within the constrained range, but also guarantees the tracking performance of the system, no matter whether the control direction of the system is known or not. Meanwhile, dynamic surface control (DSC) is used in the controller design, which avoids ”computation explosion” caused by the repeated derivation of virtual control law. Aiming at the nonparametric uncertainty of the system, a common adaptive law is designed by combining the unknown constant bounds of the external disturbance with the error term caused by input saturation estimation. It improves the tracking performance of the system and reduces the burden of the controller greatly. Finally, a simulation example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme in three scenarios.
Enhanced Magnetization in a Frustrated Spin System by Ni+ Ion Beam Irradiation
Authors: Park Jun Kue , Jang Hye Min , Cho Won-Je , Kim Chorong , Suk Jaekwon , Kim Dong-Seok , Lee Jae Sang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We investigate the magnetic properties in a frustrated spin system of carbonyl iron (CI) particles before and after Ni+ ion beam irradiation. Upon increasing temperatures, the saturation magnetization exhibits an anomalous increase, which is more intense after the beam irradiation. The zero-field cooled (ZFC) magnetization data show an anomalous increase up to 300 K, regardless of the beam irradiation. After the irradiation, unlike in the unirradiated CI particles, the ZFC curve shows separated regimes, reflecting two distributions of the blocking temperature, which may be related to the particle distribution summed with two distribution functions. After the irradiation, strong interparticle interaction may be present due to the effect of dipolar interaction among CI particles doped Ni ions, leading to the enhanced magnetization. We may suggest that the anomalous magnetization behavior can be ascribed to frustration in the internal magnetic order for the unirradiated CI particles, and further interparticle interaction for the irradiated CI particles.
Behavioral factors affecting soil-transmitted helminthiasis among pregnant women attending antenatal care follow-up in Dembia, Ethiopia
Authors: Assefa Teshager , Derseh Lemma , Boke Moges Muluneh , Akalu Temesgen Yihunie 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Globally, 2 billion people infected with soil-transmitted helminthiasis, nearly 250 million women live in helminthiasis endemic area. Sub-Saharan Africa is the most affected region by soil-transmitted helminths. The prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis and its determinants among pregnant mothers was not well known in this study area. Therefore, the current study was aimed to determine the prevalence of soil-transmitted infestation and its determinants in the West Dembia district.
Methods

A facility-based cross-sectional study design was used from October to November 2020 in the West Dembia district. A systematic random sampling technique was used to take part 416 pregnant women. Data were collected using a pretested standardized questionnaire and stool sample was collected from each participant. Data were entered into Epi-info version 7 and exported to Stata version 14 for analysis. A crude Odds Ratio (COR) and an Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were computed. The goodness of fit for the model was checked using Hosmer and Lemeshow test.
Results

Of all, 416 pregnant women were examined and 115 (27.6%) of women were positive at least to one of the common soil-transmitted helminthiases. Out of the total cases, Ascaris, Hookworm, and Schistosoma species account for 45(39%), 44(38%), and 24(21%), respectively. Rural dwellers AOR: 1.9, (95% CI: 1.04, 3.67), never using latrine AOR: 3.6, (95% CI: 1.35, 9.74), not using soap for handwashing AOR: 2.7: (95% CI: 1.31, 5.36), eating raw vegetables AOR: 2.4, (95% CI: 1.44, 3.94), the habit of eating soil AOR: 3.4, (95% CI: 1.22, 9.43) were statistically significantly associated with soil-transmitted helminthiasis infestation.
Conclusion

The prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis infestation among pregnant women is high. Rural dwellers, not using a latrine, not using soap for handwashing, eating raw vegetables, and habit of eating soil were predictors to the infestation of soil-transmitted helminthiasis among pregnant women. Therefore, besides strengthening chemotherapy prevention, Antenatal care health promotion activities need to focus on behavioral change.
Rural Population’s Preferences Matter: A Value Set For The EQ-5D-3L Health States For China’s Rural Population
Authors: Liu Gordon , Guan Haijing , Jin Xuejing , Zhang Han , Vortherms Sam , Wu Hongyan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To develop an EQ-5D-3L social value set based on Chinese rural population’s preferences using the time trade-off method, and to compare the differences in health states preferences between China urban and rural population.Methods: Between Sep 2013 and Nov 2013, a total of 1201 participants were recruited from rural areas of five Chinese cities (Beijing, Chengdu, Guiyang, Nanjing, and Shenyang) using a quota sampling method. A total of 97 EQ-5D-3L health states were valued for estimating the value set. Various models with different specifications were explored at both aggregate and individual levels. The final model was determined by a set of predefined selection criteria. Findings: An ordinary least square model at the aggregate level included 10 dummy variables for specifying the level 2 and 3 for each dimension and a N3 term presenting any dimension on level 3 was selected was selected as the final model. The final model provides a value set ranges from -0.218 to 0.859. The predicted utility values were highly correlated with but consistently lower than that of the published Chinese EQ-5D-3L value set (for urban population).Conclusion: The availability of the China rural value set provides a set of social preferences weights for researchers and policy decision-makers for use in China rural area.
Prognostic Factor in Patients with Advanced, Inoperable Thymic Carcinoma: An Application of the Lung Immune Prognostic Index
Authors: Araki Taisuke , Tateishi Kazunari , Komatsu Masamichi , Sonehara Kei , Kanda Shintaro , Hanaoka Masayuki , Koizumi Tomonobu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The prognostic implications of palliative chemotherapy for advanced or recurrent thymic carcinomas require full elucidation. The lung immune prognostic index (LIPI) is a novel prognostic index whose effectiveness has recently been reported in lung cancer patients. This study aimed to evaluate the LIPI’s clinical value in advanced or recurrent thymic carcinoma patients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 41 advanced or recurrent thymic carcinoma patients undergoing palliative chemotherapy between January 2001 and December 2020. Survival-time analysis was conducted using the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test. Multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model was performed to investigate the LIPI’s predictive and/or prognostic value.Results: Median progression-free survival (PFS) for first line chemotherapy and overall survival (OS) were significantly longer in the good-LIPI group (LIPI: 0) than in the intermediate/poor-LIPI group (LIPI: 1 or 2) (PFS: 13.4 vs. 6.8 months, p=0.0425; OS: 48.2 vs. 28.9 months, p=0.00506.). Multivariate analysis revealed that serum albumin <3.5 g/dL and an intermediate/poor LIPI were independent adverse prognostic factors for OS. Moreover, an intermediate/poor LIPI was the only adverse prognostic factor for PFS. Conclusions: Our study indicates that the LIPI is a potential prognostic marker in patients with advanced or recurrent thymic carcinoma undergoing palliative chemotherapy.
Research on resilience capacity assessment of urban water supply system in China under flood and drought disaster
Authors: Zhao Hui , Li Zhijie , Liu Jinning , Zhang Jingqi , Shao Zhiguo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Under the influence of global climate change, urban flood and drought disasters occur frequently, so that is extremely important to construct the resilience capacity of urban water supply system. Based on the framework of system toughness and capability analysis, using correlation analysis and factor analysis to construct the index system of resilience capacity assessment of urban water supply system, which reflects the four dimensions of water source, water plants, water supply and distribution network and users, and five dimensions of social, natural environment, economy, physics and organization, and the weights of all indexes are given. The multi-level comprehensive evaluation model based on cloud model and the index comprehensive evaluation index method based on entropy weight were used to evaluate the resilience of the water supply system in Qingdao under flood and drought disasters, and the evaluation results of the two methods were compared. Finally, based on the evaluation results, the influencing factors of water supply system resilience were analyzed, and the corresponding strategies to improve the resilience of water supply system were proposed, in order to provide decision support for the planning and construction of urban water supply system resilience in the near and long term.
Synthesis of (E)-2-(1H-tetrazole-5-yl)-3-phenylacrylenenitrile Derivatives Under Green Conditions Catalyzed by New Thermally Stable Magnetic Periodic Mesoporous Ognosilica Embedded With ZnO Nanoparticles
Authors: Safapoor Sajedeh , Dekamin Mohammad G. , Akbari Arezoo , Naimi-Jamal M. Reza 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
ZnO nanoparticles embedded on the surface of magnetic isocyanurate-based periodic mesoporous organosilica (Fe3O4@PMO-ICS–ZnO) was prepared through modified environmental-benign procedure for the first time and was properly characterized by appropriate spectroscopic and analytical methods or techniques used for mesoporous materials. The new thermally stable Fe3O4@PMO-ICS–ZnO materials with proper active sites, uniform particle size and surface area were investigated for the synthesis of medicinally important tetrazole derivatives through cascade condensation and concerted reactions as a representative of the Click Chemistry concept. The desired 5-substituted-1H-tetrazole derivatives were smoothly prepared in high to quantitative yields and good purity under green conditions. Low catalyst loading, very short reaction time and the use of green solvents such as EtOH and water instead of carcinogenic DMF as well as the possibility of easy separation and recyclability of the catalyst for at least five consecutive runs without significant loss of its activity are notable advantages of this new protocols compared to other recent introduced procedures.
Regression-based Gap-filling Methods Show Air Temperature Reductions and Wind Pattern Changes During the 2019 Total Eclipse in Chile
Authors: Hammann Arno Christian , MacDonell Shelley 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Singular disruptive events like solar eclipses affect the measured values of meteorological variables at the earth’s surface. To quantify such an impact, it is necessary to estimate what value the parameter would have taken had the event not occurred. We design and compare several methods to perform such an estimate based on longer observational timeseries from individual meteorological surface stations. Our methods are based on regularized regressions (including a Bayesian variant) and provide both a point an associated error estimate of the disruptive event’s impact. With their help, we study the effect of the total solar eclipse of July 2 nd , 2019, in the Coquimbo Region of Chile, on near-surface air temperatures and winds. The observational data used have been collected by the meteorological surface station network of the Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA). Most stations inside the eclipse’s umbra registered a temperature drop of 1-2 • C, while the most extreme estimated temperature drop surpassed 6 • C. The presence of an ‘eclipse cyclone’ can neither be proven nor refuted. Application of the regression methods to other, comparable problems, like volcanic eruptions, forest fires or simply gap filling of observational data, are conceivable.
Beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate/arginine/glutamine (HMB/Arg/Gln) supplementation to improve the management of cachexia in patients with advanced lung cancer: an open-label, multicentre, randomised, controlled phase II trial (NOURISH)
Authors: Pascoe Jennifer , Houlton Aimee , Gaskell Charlotte , Gaunt Claire , Thompson Joyce , Billingham Lucinda , Steven Neil 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Cancer cachexia causes significant morbidity and mortality in advanced lung cancer patients. Clinical benefit of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, arginine, and glutamine (HMB/Arg/Gln) was assessed in newly diagnosed patients.
Methods
NOURISH, a prospective, two-arm, open-label, multi-centre, randomised controlled phase II trial compared cachexia in patients who received HMB/Arg/Gln with those who did not. All patients received structured nutritional, exercise and symptom control via a Macmillan Durham Cachexia Pack. Conducted in five UK centres, patients aged ≥ 18 years, with newly diagnosed advanced small cell lung cancer (SCLC) or non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), who were able to take oral nutrition, with a performance status of 0-to-2 and a life expectancy > 4 months were eligible for trial entry. Patients suitable for treatment with curative intent were ineligible. The trial was designed as a signal-seeking pilot study with target recruitment of 96 patients. One-to-one randomisation was stratified by diagnosis (SCLC or NSCLC), stage of disease (locally advanced or metastatic) and performance status. The primary outcome measure was treatment success defined as a patient being alive without significant loss of lean body mass (not > 5%) by 12 weeks. Secondary outcome measures included quality of life.
Results
Between February-2012 and February-2013, 38 patients were recruited, 19 to each arm. Baseline characteristics were balanced. The trial was halted due to slow accrual and partial adherence. Trial data demonstrated no evidence of treatment benefit. No serious adverse events were reported during the trial.
Conclusions
Further evaluation of HMB/Arg/Gln in this setting could not be recommended on the basis of this trial.
Clinical Trial Registration
ISRCTN registry: 39911673; 14-Apr-2011 https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN39911673
Bilinear magnetoresistance in HgTe topological insulator: opposite signs at opposite surfaces demonstrated by gate control
Authors: Fu Yu , Li Jing , Papin Jules , Noel Paul , Cosset-Chéneau Maxen , Grezes Cecile , Guillet Thomas , Thomas Candice , Niquet Yann-Michel , Ballet Philippe , Meunier Tristan , ATTANE Jean-Philippe , fert albert , Vila Laurent 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Spin-orbit effects appearing in topological insulators (TI) and at Rashba interfaces are currently revolutionizing how we can manipulate spins and have led to several newly discovered effects, from spin-charge interconversion and spin-orbit torques to novel magnetoresistance phenomena. In particular, a puzzling magnetoresistance has been evidenced, bilinear in electric and magnetic fields. Here, we report the observation of bilinear magnetoresistance (BMR) in strained HgTe, a prototypical TI. We show that both the amplitude and sign of this BMR can be tuned by controling, with an electric gate, the relative proportions of the opposite contributions of opposite surfaces. At magnetic fields of 1 T, the magnetoresistance is of the order of 1 \% and has a larger figure of merit than previously measured TIs. We propose a theoretical model giving a quantitative account of our experimental data. This phenomenon, unique to TI, offer novel opportunities to tune the electrical response of surface states for spintronics.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Laos (#CCG)
Authors: Allington Lucy , Cannone Carla , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Walker Miriam Zachau , Ahsan Aniq , Charbonnier Flora , Halloran Claire , Hirmer Stephanie , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to energy system modelling, causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Laos, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and three stylized scenarios (Fossil Future, Least Cost and Net Zero by 2050) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.