bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chd8 regulates X chromosome inactivation in mouse through fine-tuning control of Xist expression
Authors: Cerase Andrea , Young Alexander N. , Ruiz Nerea Blanes , Buness Andreas , Sant Gabrielle M. , Arnold Mirjam , Di Giacomo Monica , Ascolani Michela , Kumar Manish , Hierholzer Andreas , Trigiante Giuseppe , Marzi Sarah J. , Avner Philip 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFemale mammals achieve dosage compensation by inactivating one of their two X chromosomes during development, a process entirely dependent on Xist, an X-linked long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). At the onset of X chromosome inactivation (XCI), Xist is up-regulated and spreads along the future inactive X chromosome. Contextually, it recruits repressive histone and DNA modifiers that transcriptionally silence the X chromosome. Xist regulation is tightly coupled to differentiation and its expression is under the control of both pluripotency and epigenetic factors. Recent evidence has suggested that chromatin remodelers accumulate at the X Inactivation Center (XIC) and here we demonstrate a new role for Chd8 in Xist regulation in differentiating ES cells, linked to its control and prevention of spurious transcription factor interactions occurring within Xist regulatory regions. Our findings have a broader relevance, in the context of complex, developmentally-regulated gene expression.
Multimodal, label-free fluorescence and Raman imaging of amyloid deposits in snap-frozen Alzheimer’s disease human brain tissue
Authors: Lochocki Benjamin , Boon Baayla D. C. , Verheul Sander R. , Zada Liron , Hoozemans Jeroen J. M. , Ariese Freek , de Boer Johannes F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) neuropathology is characterized by hyperphosphorylated tau containing neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques. Normally these hallmarks are studied by (immuno-) histological techniques requiring chemical pretreatment and indirect labelling. Label-free imaging enables one to visualize normal tissue and pathology in its native form. Therefore, these techniques could contribute to a better understanding of the disease. Here, we present a comprehensive study of high-resolution fluorescence imaging (before and after staining) and spectroscopic modalities (Raman mapping under pre-resonance conditions and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS)) of amyloid deposits in snap-frozen AD human brain tissue. We performed fluorescence and spectroscopic imaging and subsequent thioflavin-S staining of the same tissue slices to provide direct confirmation of plaque location and correlation of spectroscopic biomarkers with plaque morphology; differences were observed between cored and fibrillar plaques. The SRS results showed a protein peak shift towards the β-sheet structure in cored amyloid deposits. In the Raman maps recorded with 532 nm excitation we identified the presence of carotenoids as a unique marker to differentiate between a cored amyloid plaque area versus a non-plaque area without prior knowledge of their location. The observed presence of carotenoids suggests a distinct neuroinflammatory response to misfolded protein accumulations.
Personalized predictions and non-invasive imaging of human brain temperature
Authors: Sung Dongsuk , Kottke Peter A. , Risk Benjamin B. , Allen Jason W. , Nahab Fadi , Fedorov Andrei G. , Fleischer Candace C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBrain temperature is an important yet understudied medical parameter, and increased brain temperature after injury is associated with worse patient outcomes. The scarcity of methods for measuring brain temperature non-invasively motivates the need for computational models enabling predictions when clinical measurements are challenging. Here, we develop a biophysical model based on the first principles of energy and mass conservation that uses data from magnetic resonance imaging of individual brain tissue and vessel structure to facilitate personalized brain temperature predictions. We compare model-predicted 3D thermal distributions with experimental temperature measured using whole brain magnetic resonance-based thermometry. We find brain thermometry maps predicted by the model capture unique spatial variations for each subject, which are in agreement with experimentally-measured temperatures. As medicine becomes more personalized, this foundational study provides a framework to develop an individualized approach for brain temperature predictions.
Health literacy bei onkologischen Rehabilitanden und deren Relevanz für den subjektiven Rehabilitationsverlauf
Authors: Meng Karin , Heß Verena , Schulte Thomas , Faller Hermann , Schuler Michael 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie „Health literacy“ (HL) umfasst das Wissen, die Motivation und die Fähigkeiten von Menschen, gesundheitsrelevante Informationen zu finden, zu verstehen, zu beurteilen, anzuwenden und Entscheidungen bezüglich Gesundheitsfragen treffen zu können. Geringe HL ist mit gesundheitsbezogenen Verhaltensweisen und Gesundheit negativ assoziiert. Die explorative Studie untersucht die HL von onkologischen Rehabilitanden und deren Zusammenhang mit Reha-Zielparametern.
Methodik Es erfolgte eine Sekundärdatenanalyse einer längsschnittlichen Fragebogenstudie mit 449 Rehabilitanden mit Brustkrebs, Prostatakrebs oder Darmkrebs in der stationären onkologischen Rehabilitation. Die Daten wurden zu 3 Messzeitpunkten (Reha-Ende, Follow-up nach 3 und 9 Monaten) erhoben. HL wurde mit einer Kurzform des European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q6) erfasst. Als Reha-Zielparameter wurden Progredienzangst (PA-F-KF), psychosozialer Unterstützungsbedarf, körperliche Funktionsfähigkeit und globale Lebensqualität (EORTC QLQ-C30) sowie Arbeitsfähigkeit (WAI-Einzelitem) festgelegt. Die Zusammenhangsanalyse erfolgte mittels Regressionsanalysen kontrolliert für weitere Einflussparameter.
Ergebnisse Zum Rehabilitationsende werden HL-Anforderungen von bis zu 56% der Rehabilitanden als schwierig bewertet. Es bestehen signifikante Zusammenhänge mit den Reha-Zielparametern. Eine höhere HL ist mit geringerer Progredienzangst (β=− 0,33), geringerem psychosozialem Unterstützungsbedarf (OR=0,28), höherer körperlicher Funktionsfähigkeit (β=0,22) und höherer globaler Lebensqualität (β=0,23) sowie besserer subjektiver Arbeitsfähigkeit (β=0,21) assoziiert. Im Längsschnitt liegen meist signifikante Zusammenhänge (0,18≤ β≤0,24) zwischen der Verbesserung der HL und der Verbesserung in allen Reha-Zielparametern vor.
Schlussfolgerung Die Studie verweist auf die Relevanz von HL in der onkologischen Rehabilitation. Viele Patienten haben zum Rehabilitationsende Schwierigkeiten im Umgang mit Gesundheitsinformationen. HL ist auch ein Prädiktor für psychosoziale und physische Outcomes bis zu 9 Monaten nach der Rehabilitation. Strategien zur Förderung der Kompetenz im Umgang mit Gesundheitsinformationen könnten daher ergänzend zu Wissens- und Selbstmanagementkompetenzen in der Rehabilitation berücksichtigt werden.
De-novo-thrombotische Mikroangiopathie (TMA) nach inkompatibler AB0-Nierentransplantation
Authors: Kolb Thilo , Rump Lars Christian 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Anamnese Wir berichten über einen 57-jährigen Patienten, der in unserer Klinik zur geplanten AB0-inkompatiblen Lebendnierentransplantation aufgenommen wurde.
Untersuchungen und Diagnose An Tag 3 post operationem bildeten sich laborchemisch eindeutige Hinweise für eine De-novo-TMA aus. Die renale Entgiftung stagnierte bei initialem regelrechtem Verlauf.
Therapie und Verlauf Durch den Einsatz von Eculizumab 900 mg an d3 und d10 post operationem konnten wir die TMA mit einem anhaltenden Erfolg unterbinden.
Folgerung Zu diskutieren ist, ob ein frühzeitiger Einsatz von Eculizumab bei V. a. De-novo-TMA ein sicherer Weg ist, eine Transplantatdysfunktion zu unterbinden und somit die in der Literatur beschriebene schlechte Prognose für Transplantat und Empfänger zu verbessern.
Life and Limb: Current Concepts in Endovascular Treatment of Extremity Trauma
Authors: Weaver John J. , Chick Jeffrey F.B. , Monroe Eric J. , Johnson Guy E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTraumatic injury is the leading cause of death worldwide in younger patient populations and extremity trauma with associated vascular injury accounts for many trauma-related deaths. Iatrogenic injury is also a common cause of extremity vascular trauma and the incidence of iatrogenic injury will likely increase as endovascular techniques continue to become more ubiquitous. For many vascular injuries involving the extremities, surgical repair is viewed as the standard of care. Historically, endovascular techniques did not play a role in the treatment of these vascular injuries, rather they were utilized only as part of the diagnostic assessment; however, there is an increasing trend toward endovascular management of extremity vascular trauma. No validated, widely implemented algorithm to select patients for endovascular intervention exists. Transcatheter techniques, however, play an important role in the management of these patients. For arterial injuries, embolization can be used to rapidly achieve hemostasis if the vessel can be sacrificed. More advanced endovascular techniques such as stent-graft placement may be best employed in the context of isolated, proximal extremity injuries, although there is increasing literature supporting the use of advanced techniques for more distal arterial injuries. The management of peripheral venous trauma remains controversial; however, there is growing data describing successful endovascular management of some peripheral venous injuries. The purpose of this article is to review extremity vascular trauma, concepts of injury triage, endovascular techniques, and intraprocedural considerations.
Delayed and Chronic Sequelae of Trauma and the Role of the Interventional Radiologist
Authors: Wolf Robert , Smolinski-Zhao Sara 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn addition to acute injury requiring interventional radiologic treatments, patients with traumatic injuries can develop delayed or chronic complications. These injuries can involve nearly all solid organs in the abdomen. Coupled with significant improvements in visualizing these injuries with advanced imaging techniques such as minimally invasive procedures, nonoperative management of both acute traumatic injuries and their longer term sequelae has become the norm. This article reviews frequently seen complications of traumatic injury and their management by interventional radiologists.
Reconstructive Options for Auricular Trauma
Authors: Wong Kevin , Wong Anni , Rousso Joseph J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGiven its prominent lateral position, the auricle is a common site of injury after blunt trauma. Auricular injuries can lead to both functional and aesthetic complications. A careful history and examination will help determine the mechanism of injury and identify factors that may influence repair. Auricular reconstruction is highly individualized and depends on the size, location, and nature of injury. Understanding the complex three-dimensional anatomy of the external ear is a necessity for appropriate reconstruction. This article reviews the reconstructive options for simple and complex auricular injuries based on the anatomical site and the intricate three-dimensional structures that form the auricle.
More than just a mental stressor: psychological value of social distancing in COVID-19 mitigation through increased risk perception—a preliminary study in China
Authors: Gong Yuanchao , Zhang Linxiu , Sun Yan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSocial distancing is an effective measure to prevent epidemic infections during a pandemic outbreak, but its psychological value in COVID-19 pandemic mitigation remained less detected. Our study fills this gap by conducting a nationwide survey in China between 12 and 25 February (2020), and a follow-up survey targeting the same participants between 25 and 28 March (2020). We have discovered that perceived increased time staying at home, a subjective agency for social distancing, positively predicts not only risk perception of COVID-19 epidemic at the outbreak and eased stage, but also predicts subjective controllability of COVID-19 epidemic at the eased stage. Given that risk perception indicates potential active engagement of preventative behavior and that subjective controllability associating with self-efficacy could promote individual health behavior, this study preliminarily justifies the value of social distancing from the angle of perceptual factors, adding to existing mounting evidence of its effect on physically controlling pandemic spread.
Collagen IV differentially regulates planarian stem cell potency and lineage progression
Authors: Chan Andy , Ma Sophia , Pearson Bret J. , Chan Danny 
Published: April 2021

Significance
Comprehensive assessment of matrisome genes identified collagen IV as one of the many extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins regulating the stem cell pool in planarian tissue homeostasis and regeneration. While collagen IV has been shown to be involved in stem cell biology, our finding links it to pluripotent stem cells in vivo, including self-renewal and differentiation into tissue-specific progenitors. We show a link between the ECM niches in the parenchyma/gut region and EGF/neuregulin-secreting neurons, thus providing mechanistic insight into interactions between cell niches. The conservation of basement membranes between planarian and mammalian gut niches suggests a similar interplay may exist in the mammalian systems, worthy of further investigation.
Coexistence of three liquid phases in individual atmospheric aerosol particles
Authors: Huang Yuanzhou , Mahrt Fabian , Xu Shaun , Shiraiwa Manabu , Zuend Andreas , Bertram Allan K. 
Published: April 2021

Significance
Aerosol particles are ubiquitous in the atmosphere and play an important role in air quality and the climate system. These particles can contain mixtures of primary organic aerosol, secondary organic aerosol, and secondary inorganic aerosol. We show that such internally mixed particles can contain three liquid phases. We also demonstrate that the presence of three liquid phases impacts the time needed for the particles to reach equilibrium with the surrounding gas phase and likely impacts the ability of the particles to activate into cloud droplets. A framework is presented for predicting conditions needed for the formation of three liquid phases in the atmosphere. These results will lead to improved representations of aerosols in models for air quality and climate predictions.
Successful Implementation of Managed Alcohol Programs in the San Francisco Bay Area during the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Ristau Jessica , Mehtani Nicky , Gomez Seth , Nance Michelle , Keller Devora , Surlyn Colleen , Eveland Joanna , Smith-Bernardin Shannon 
Published: April 2021

Background The COVID-19 crisis presents new challenges and opportunities in managing alcohol use disorders, particularly for people unable to shelter in place due to homelessness or other reasons. Requiring abstinence for shelter engagement is impractical for many with severe alcohol use disorders and poses a modifiable barrier to self-isolation orders. Managed alcohol programs (MAPs) have successfully increased housing adherence for those with physical alcohol dependence in Canada, but to our knowledge, they have not been implemented in the United States. To avoid life-threatening alcohol withdrawal syndromes and to support adherence to COVID-19 self-isolation and quarantine orders, MAPs were piloted by the public health departments of San Francisco and Alameda counties. Development of MAPs We describe implementation of a first-in-the-nation alcohol use disorder intervention of a MAP that emerged at three public health isolation settings within San Francisco and Alameda counties in California. All three interventions utilized a similar process to develop the protocol and implement the MAP that included identification of champions for system-level advocacy and engagement of stakeholders. Implementation of MAPs We describe the creation and implementation of the distinct protocols. We provide examples of iterative changes to workflow processes and key lessons learned pertaining to protocol development, acceptability by stakeholders, alcohol procurement, documentation, and assessment. We discuss safety considerations, noting that there were no deaths or serious adverse events in any of the patients of the MAP during the 2-month implementation period. Conclusions MAP pilots have been implemented in the US to aid adherence to isolation and quarantine setting guidelines. Lessons learned provide a foundation for their expansion as a recognized public health intervention for individuals with severe alcohol use disorders who are unable to stabilize within existing care systems. Based on the success of MAP implementation, efforts are under way to investigate alcohol management in homeless populations more broadly.
Real-time data acquisition using Arduino and phyphox: measuring the electrical power of solar panels in contexts of exposure to light in physics classroom
Authors: Pusch Alexander , Ubben Malte S , Laumann Daniel , Heinicke Susanne , Heusler Stefan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
An easy circuit for measuring the power of a solar panel in physics classroom by using the microcontroller Arduino will be introduced in this article. The measured data is transferred via Bluetooth to the smartphone app ‘phyphox’ where it is displayed graphically. The circuitry enables measuring the power of a solar panel in different situations of light intensity. Several model experiments for students will be described.
Non-perturbative quantum Galileon in the exact renormalization group
Authors: Steinwachs Christian F. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We investigate the non-perturbative renormalization group
flow of the scalar Galileon model in flat space. We discuss
different expansion schemes of the Galileon truncation, including a
heat-kernel based derivative expansion, a vertex expansion in
momentum space and a curvature expansion in terms of a covariant
geometric formulation. We find that the Galileon symmetry prevents a
quantum induced renormalization group running of the Galileon
couplings. Consequently, the Galileon truncation only features a
trivial Gaussian fixed point.
Hawking radiation and page curves of the black holes in thermal environment
Authors: Li Ran , Wang Jin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
As realistic objects in the Universe, the black holes are surrounded by complex environment. By taking the effect of thermal environment into account, we investigate the evaporation process and the time evolutions (page curves) of the entanglement entropies of Hawking radiation of various types of black holes. It is found that the black holes with the thermal environments evaporate slower than those without the environments due to the environmental contribution of the energy flux in addition to Hawking radiation. For Schwarzschild black hole and Reissner-Nordström black hole in flat spaces, when the initial temperature of the black hole is higher than the environment temperature, the black holes evaporate completely and the Hawking radiation is eventually purified. For Schwarzschild-AdS black hole, it will evaporate completely and the Hawking radiation is purified when the environment temperature is lower than the critical temperature. Otherwise, it will reach an equilibrium state with the environment and the radiation is maximally entangled with the black hole. Our results indicate that the final state of the black hole is determined by the environmental temperature and the temporal evolution and the speed of the information purification process characterized by the page curve of the Hawking radiation is also influenced by the thermal environment significantly.
The upper bound on the tensor-to-scalar ratio consistent with quantum gravity
Authors: Wu Lina , Gao Qing , Gong Yungui , Jia Yiding , Li Tianjun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We consider the polynomial inflation with the tensor-to-scalar ratio as large as possible which can be consistent with the quantum gravity (QG) corrections and effective field theory (EFT). To get a minimal field excursion Δϕ for enough e-folding number N, the inflaton field traverses an extremely flat part of the scalar potential, which results in the Lyth bound to be violated. We get a CMB signal consistent with Planck data by numerically computing the equation of motion for inflaton ϕ and using Mukhanov–Sasaki formalism for primordial spectrum. Inflation ends at Hubble slow-roll parameter

ϵ

1

H

=
1

or

a

̈

=
0

. Interestingly, we find an excellent practical bound on the inflaton excursion in the format

a
+
b

r

, where a is a tiny real number and b is at the order 1. To be consistent with QG/EFT and suppress the high-dimensional operators, we show that the concrete condition on inflaton excursion is

Δ
ϕ

M

Pl

<
0.2
×

10

≃
0.632

. For n

s
= 0.9649, N

e
= 55, and

Δ
ϕ

M

Pl

<
0.632

, we predict that the tensor-to-scalar ratio is smaller than 0.0012 for such polynomial inflation to be consistent with QG/EFT.
Low Cost Data Acquisition System for Road-Vehicle Interaction Using Arduino Board
Authors: Pal Singh Harinder , Singh Ramandeep 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Roads are used to travel and transfer of goods from one place to another using vehicles like passenger cars or goods carriers. Roads may get damaged due to overloading, weather conditions or end of life. Vehicles moving on the road can be used to access the road condition along with other parameters like driving behavior, presence of traffic, vehicle accident detection, vehicle suspension health monitoring etc. To monitor this, vehicle and road interaction could be acquired by fitting accelerometers on the vehicle. 3-axis accelerometers can provide acceleration data for the vertical, longitudinal and lateral axis of the vehicle. GPS coordinates could be recorded using a GPS receiver along with vehicle speed. Data from accelerometers could be used to detect road anomalies like speed bumps and potholes, braking and acceleration events and turning of the vehicle. GPS receiver can be used to collect longitude and latitude coordinates to mark the location of the event along with speed of the vehicle. In this paper we are proposing an Arduino microcontroller board based low cost data acquisition system for road and vehicle interaction that could be used for various purposes like road anomaly detection, driver behavior detection, road traffic detection and detection of vehicle collision.
Numerical solution of fractional Volterra integral equation with piecewise continuous kernel
Authors: Sidorov D , Muftahov I , Tynda A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Integral equations play the important role in applied mathematics, related to many areas of theory, especially applications. In this article, we consider the numerical method for solving Volterra integral equations for the fractional order of integration. The error of this method is O(1/N).