bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-vitro Callogenesis and Screening of Antimicrobial Activity of Callus and Seed of Caesalpinia bonducella F.: A Threatened Medicinal Plant of Western Ghats
Authors: Shirsat Rajani , Kengar Ajit , Rai Aruna 
Published: June 2021

Aim: Caesalpinia bonducella Flem is a dioecious scrambling woody liana of Caesalpinoideae, a subfamily of Leguminosae. The plant is threatened and distributed in the deciduous forests of the Western Ghats of India. Being an important medicinal plant Caesalpinia bonducella F. attracted many scientists to exploit various activities associated with a number of phytoconstituents. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the most suitable media and suitable concentrations of plant growth regulators for in vitro Callogenesis and screening of antimicrobial activity of callus and seed of Caesalpinia bonducella.
Materials and Methods: Callus was initiated from stem explants, on 1x and 0.5x MS medium plus supplements. The effects of plant growth regulators on callus cultures were studied and observations were made. The in vitro antibacterial activity was performed by using extracts of callus and seed of Caesalpinia bonducella in petroleum ether and methanol against multidrug resistance organisms. The organic extracts of seed and callus of the plant at concentrations of 0.02 mg/ml - 0.1 mg/ml were taken and their activities were measured.
Results: The combination of 2.5 mgL-1 2,4-D with 2 mgL-1 BAP, resulted in the highest frequency and the highest mean percentage of callus formation (2.35 ± 0.294) with yellow friable callus. The results revealed that all the extracts had a variable degree of antibacterial activity.
Conclusions: It was observed that 2,4-D at 2.5 mgL-1 in combination with BAP,2.0 mgL-1 BAP resulted in early initiation, highest induction percentage, with frequency highest mean percentage of callus formation, Antimicrobial tests with methanol and diethyl ether extract of Caesalpinia bonducella seed powder against the clinical isolates showed the zone of inhibition for all the pathogens tested with concentration of methanolic extract of C. bonducella seed powder.
Evaluation of Performance of IHI Global Trigger Tool in Identification of Adverse Drug Events: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Goruntla Narayana , Nitturi Krishna Yasaswini , Pujari Krishnapriya , Jayanthi Lavanya , Gurram Venkata Ramana , Veerabhadrappa Kasturi Vishwanathasetty , Bhupalam Pradeepkumar 
Published: June 2021

Aims: The study aims to evaluate the performance of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) global trigger tool in the identification of adverse drug events.
Study design: Prospective observational study.
Place and duration of study: The study was conducted in a General Medicine department of a secondary care referral hospital located in rural, resource-limited settings of Bathalapalli, Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh, India. The study was conducted for a period of six months, from June 2019 to November 2019.
Methodology: A pre-designed data collection form was used to collect the data from the study participants. The required data was obtained from the patient case sheet, lab reports, treatment charts, daily nursing notes, daily physician notes, and direct patient interviews. The global trigger tool developed by IHI was used for the rapid review of inpatient medical records and to generate clues for the identification of ADEs. Descriptive statistics were used to represent the findings of demographics, clinical characteristics, ADE profiles, IHI triggers, and clinical alterations. ADE incidence was shown in a measure of ADE per 1000 patient days. IHI global trigger tool performance in detecting ADE was measured by sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value.
Results: A total of 192 patients were enrolled in the study. Among them, 225 triggers and 123 ADEs were detected. The incidence of ADEs in the inpatients estimated by the IHI method was estimated as; 20.2 ADEs per 1000 patient days,64.0ADEs per 100 admissions, 56.2percent of admissions with ADE. Majority of ADEs are shown possible relationship with drug (60; 48.7%), level-2 severity (49; 39.8%), and not preventable (52; 42.2%). Most IHI global triggers showed high sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for detecting ADEs.
Conclusion: The study shows that most of the triggers in the IHI Trigger tool have shown good accuracy in identifying ADEs. Thus, using the IHI Trigger Tool to identify ADEs can help to improve patient safety. Therefore, the study recommends incorporating IHI global trigger tool in routine, conventional ADE screening techniques to improve the detection rate and promote drug safety.
In vivo and In vitro Antifungal Activity of 2,3-Dimethylquinoxline
Authors: Alfadil Abdelbagi , Alsamhan Hamoud A. , Ali Ahmed S. , Alkreathy Huda M. , Alrabia Mohammad W. , Abdullah Hani Y. 
Published: June 2021

Aims: To explore the antifungal activity of 2,3-dimethylquinoxaline.
Study Design: A preclinical study of a compound against 10 fungal species.
Backgrounds: Severe fungal infections cause significant clinical problem and need more effort to search for new antifungals.
Methodology: We evaluated the susceptibility of 2,3-dimethylquinoxaline in vitro against a wide range of pathogenic fungi, including six Candida species, two Aspergillus species, one Cryptococcus species, and one Trichophyton species. Also, we evaluated the susceptibility of 2,3-dimethylquinoxaline in vivo against oral candidiasis using a mice model.
Results: The highest score of the minimum inhibitory concentration was 9 µg/ml against Cryptococcus neoformans. While, the lowest score was 1125 µg/ml against Candida tropicalis. The oral candidiasis in a mouse model was resolved using 2,3-dimethylquinoxaline 1% gel.
Conclusion: The 2,3-Dimethyquinoxaline has interesting antifungal activity. Quinoxalines in general need to be further developed as a promising antifungal candidate.
Quality of Life after Ablation vs Medication Therapy in Patients With Supraventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Mueed Abdul , Rathi Nandlal , Shahzad . , Ashraf Jibran , Ahmed Salman , Rai Lajpat 
Published: June 2021

Objective: Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is the most common presentation of patients at cardiac emergency department. This study aims to determine the quality of life in patients with supraventricular tachycardia after they treated with medicines vs. ablation therapy.
Methods: This prospective clinical comparative study was held at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD). Patients 18 years or older of either gender presenting with the two most common variants of SVT i.e. Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) and Atrioventricular reentry tachycardia (AVRT) were eligible to be included into the study. Once stabilized at the emergency department (ED) the patients were given the option to undergo electrophysiology study and radiofrequency ablation (EPS and RFA) (group A) or opt for medications only (group B). Quality of life (sense of personal well being, impact on social life, fear of mortality or anxiety about the disease, recurrence of episodes of arrhythmia, and visits to ED) was assessed through a questionnaire filled after six months of receiving treatment.
Results: A total of 120 patients were included into our study. Group A and group B were evenly divided with 60 patients each. The overall mean age of the participants and duration of cardiac illness were 44.67±18.91 and 5.42±3.13 years, respectively. Patients who received EPS and RFA (group A) had superior and statistically significant scores (better QoL) for sense of personal well being, impact on social life, fear of mortality or anxiety levels, recurrence of arrhythmia, and visits to the ED as compared to those who received medications alone, p<0.05.
Conclusion: EPS and RFA vastly improved the quality of life in patients with SVT post treatment. Medications alone are associated with a high number of post treatment sequels and adverse events; therefore they are best avoided in patients with SVT.
Study of Heavy Metals Bio Toxicity Present in Locally Produced Palm Kernel Oil in Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Ajibade Oluwadamilola Ayoola , Tchokossa Pascal , Oluwasusi Taye Victoria , Adeleye Michael Oluwasanmi , Okparaocha Funmilayo Joke 
Published: June 2021

This study investigates the heavy metals content presents in locally produced Palm Kernel Oil in Osun State, Nigeria. 16 samples were collected from four major factories in four towns in the study area. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) was used for the concentration of the heavy metals analysis in the samples. The results show the contents of the heavy metal present were 0.022, 0.018, 0.090, 0.071, 0.166 and 0.010 ppm for Cd, As, Fe, Zn, Cu and Pb, respectively. The range of measured concentration of heavy metal contents in the palm kernel oil varies within the same factory which may be due to the fact that the production processes and most especially the source of the palm kernel used by the factories and nature of the soil where the palm tree is planted varied. The mean concentration of Cd, Zn, As, Fe and Pb were below the bio-recommended limit published by joint FAO/WHO. Only Cu is well above the permissible limit.
Study the Meteorological Environment on Physical and Mental Well-Being (Ayurveda and Modern View)-A Conceptual Study
Authors: Dharmarathna A. B. , Edirisinghe B. L. , Kulathunga W. M. S. S. K. 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Ritucharya (seasonal regimen) have been mentioned in the classics of Ayurveda. According to Ayurveda tridoshas (Three body humors)plays important role in maintaining physiological state of an individuals. But chaya(Accumilation), prakopa(Unbalanced) and prasmana(Balanced) of doshas takes place naturally by seasonal changes. A year is divided into 2 Kaals (time periods-Uththarayanaya/Adana kaal and Dakshinayanaya/Visaraga kaal). Each Kaal comprises of 3 seasons which gives a total of 6 seasons in a year. Each season lasts for two months The impacts of climate change include warming temperatures, changes in precipitation, increases in the frequency or intensity of some extreme weather events, and rising sea levels. These impacts threaten our health by affecting the food , the water, the air and the weather we experience.
Objectives: To identify the Meteorological environment on Physical and Mental well-being (Ayurveda and Modern view)
Methodology: Literature review was done from classical Ayurvedic texts,web references and modern literature regarding selected Scientific Research articles published in PubMed, Research gate, Google scholar, Science direct, Elsevier, Cochrane library and PMC,including health impact of meteorological changes.
Results: According to Ayurveda tridoshas plays important role in maintaining physiological state of an individuals. But chaya, prakopa and prasmana of doshas takes place naturally by seasonal changes. In the beginning of visarga kala and at the end of adana kala, human beings on the Earth experience weakness. In the middle of these two periods, humans possess medium strength. At the end of the visarga kala and at the beginning of adana kala the strength in human beings is maximum. The impacts of climate change include warming temperatures, changes in precipitation, increases in the frequency or intensity of some extreme weather events, and rising sea levels. These impacts threaten our health by affecting the food we eat, the water we drink, the air we breathe, and the weather we experience.
Conclusion: Lifestyle disorders are very common in the present era, basically originating from lack of following seasonal regimens due to lack of concentration in seasonal characteristics In this study reflect that meteorological environment effect on both physical and mental health.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic and Infrared Spectroscopic Characterization of Poly(

N
‐Vinyl

Pyrrolidone) and Poly(

N
‐Vinyl

Caprolactam) Polymers
Authors: Clark Raymond B. , McMullen Roger L. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mid‐infrared (IR) spectroscopy have been instrumental in the characterization of poly(N‐vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) and poly(N‐vinyl caprolactam) (PVCL) polymers. NMR and IR spectroscopy are proven to be valuable analytical techniques to study polymers qualitatively and quantitatively on a macrostructural level. This chapter discusess the benefit of various hyphenated analytical techniques using NMR and IR spectroscopy to analyze and characterize macromolecules to provide a better understanding of various aspects of PVP and PVCL polymers. A polymer's microstructural features affect its overall chemical and physical properties and dictate its various performance attributes. Copolymers are polymers consisting of two or more monomers and can be described as being random, regular, block, or graft. Controlling the polymerizations and especially the comonomer composition provides a polymer that exhibits specific properties that optimize performance attributes in the specific application. Block copolymers are described as polymers comprised of two or more different homopolymer subunits linked by covalent bonds.
Never quit on hills: John M. Graham, Jr. MD, ScD, as mentor
Authors: Burkardt Deepika D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractJohn M. Graham, Jr. MD, ScD, pediatrician, Clinical Geneticist and Dysmorphologist, fellow of David Weyhe Smith, one of the founding members of the American College of Medical Genetics, father, grandfather, and perpetually optimistic Dodgers fan, has launched many careers. Through his long and productive career, he has demonstrated and fostered the values of kindness, respect, inclusivity, and resilience. His teaching, mentorship, and collaborative efforts have contributed to the very fabric of the field of Medical Genetics and the congenial zeitgeist of Dysmorphology. In this age of pandemonium, it is perhaps appropriate to reflect on the intentional (and sometimes unintentional) lessons of John M. Graham, Jr MD, ScD, and his contribution as a physician, teacher, mentor, and successful collaborator across traditional barriers.
Selective Synthesis of Trisubstituted Imidazoles by Iodine‐Catalyzed [3+2] Cycloadditions
Authors: Zhan Zhenzhen , Zhang Mingming , Jiang Pengbo , He Jianping , Luo Nan , Wang Hesong , Wang Meng , Huang Guosheng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, two novel and efficient methods for the synthesis of trisubstituted imidazoles have been developed through iodine‐catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition. By controlling one of the reaction materials, we selectively synthesized 1,2,4‐trisubstituted imidazoles and 1,2,5‐trisubstituted imidazoles. The desired products were obtained in moderate to good yields with wide functional groups compatibility under standard conditions.
The functional morphology of the postpulmonary septum of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)
Authors: Cramberg Michael , Greer Skye , Young Bruce A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) has a postpulmonary septum (PPS) that partitions the intracoelomic cavity. The PPS adheres to the capsule of the liver caudally and to the visceral pleura of the lung cranially; the ventrolateral portions of the PPS are invested with smooth muscle, the remainder is tendinous. Differential pressure transducers were used to record the intrathoracic (ITP) and intraperitoneal (IPP) pressures, and determine the transdiaphragmatic pressure (TDP). Each ventilatory pulse resulted in a pulse in ITP and a significantly lower pulse in IPP; meaning that a TDP was established, and that the pleural and peritoneal cavities were functionally isolated. The anesthetized alligators were tilted 30° head‐up or head‐down in order to displace the liver. Head‐up rotations caused a significant increase in IPP, and a significant decrease in ITP (which became negative); head‐down rotations produced the opposite effect. During these rotations, the PPS maintained opposite pressures (positive or negative) in the pleural and peritoneal cavities, and established TDPs greater than have been reported for some mammals. Two types of “breaths” were recorded during these experiments. The first was interpreted as a contraction of the diaphragmaticus muscle, which displaces the liver caudally; these breaths had the same effect as the head‐up rotations. The second type of breath was interpreted as constriction of the thoracic and abdominal body walls; this type of breath produced pronounced, long‐duration, roughly parallel, increases in ITP and IPP. The smooth muscle within the PPS is suggestive of higher‐order adjustment or tuning of the PPS's tensile state.
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel benzimidazole derivatives as sphingosine kinase 1 inhibitor
Authors: Khairat Sarah H. M. , Omar Mohamed A. , Ragab Fatma A. F. , Roy Sonam , Turab Naqvi Ahmad A. , Abdelsamie Ahmed S. , Hirsch Anna K. H. , Galal Shadia A. , Hassan Md. Imtaiyaz , El Diwani Hoda I. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) has emerged as an attractive drug target for different diseases. Recently, discovered SphK1 inhibitors have been recommended in cancer therapeutics; however, selectivity and potency are great challenges. In this study, a novel series of benzimidazoles was synthesized and evaluated as SphK1 inhibitors. Our design strategy is twofold: It aimed first to study the effect of replacing the 5‐position of the benzimidazole ring with a polar carboxylic acid group on the SphK1‐inhibitory activity and cytotoxicity. Our second aim was to optimize the structures of the benzimidazoles through the elongation of the chain. The enzyme inhibition potentials against all the synthesized compounds toward SphK1 were evaluated, and the results revealed that most of the studied compounds inhibited SphK1 effectively. The binding affinity of the benzimidazole derivatives toward SphK1 was measured by fluorescence binding and molecular docking. Compounds 33, 37, 39, 41, 42, 43, and 45 showed an appreciable binding affinity. Therefore, the SphK1‐inhibitory potentials of compounds 33, 37, 39, 41, 42, 43, and 45 were studied and IC50 values were determined, to reveal high potency. The study showed that these compounds inhibited SphK1 with effective IC50 values. Among the studied compounds, compound 41 was the most effective one with the lowest IC50 value and a high cytotoxicity on a wide spectrum of cell lines. Molecular docking revealed that most of these compounds fit well into the ATP‐binding site of SphK1 and form hydrogen bond interactions with catalytically important residues. Overall, the findings suggest the therapeutic potential of benzimidazoles in the clinical management of SphK1‐associated diseases.
Comment on “Open is not forever: A study of vanished open access journals”
Authors: Shelomi Matan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis letter comments on a recent article by Laakso et al. (10.1002/asi.24460), in which the disappearance of 176 open access journals from the Internet is noted. One reason these journals may have vanished is that they were predatory journals: a possibility the original paper did not consider. The delisting of predators from the Directory of Open Access Journals in 2014 and the abundance of predatory journals and awareness thereof in North America parsimoniously explain the temporal and geographic patterns Laakso et al. observed.
Overcoming stochastic variations in culture variables to quantify and compare growth curve data
Authors: Sausen Christopher W. , Bochman Matthew L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe comparison of growth, whether it is between different strains or under different growth conditions, is a classic microbiological technique that can provide genetic, epigenetic, cell biological, and chemical biological information depending on how the assay is used. When employing solid growth media, this technique is limited by being largely qualitative and low throughput. Collecting data in the form of growth curves, especially automated data collection in multi‐well plates, circumvents these issues. However, the growth curves themselves are subject to stochastic variation in several variables, most notably the length of the lag phase, the doubling rate, and the maximum expansion of the culture. Thus, growth curves are indicative of trends but cannot always be conveniently averaged and statistically compared. Here, we summarize a simple method to compile growth curve data into a quantitative format that is amenable to statistical comparisons and easy to graph and display.
Interleukin‐25: New perspective and state‐of‐the‐art in cancer prognosis and treatment approaches
Authors: Gowhari Shabgah Arezoo , Amir Azwar , Gardanova Zhanna R. , Olegovna Zekiy Angelina , Thangavelu Lakshmi , Ebrahimi Nik Maryam , Ahmadi Majid , Gholizadeh Navashenaq Jamshid 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCancer is a leading cause of death which imposes a substantial financial burden. Among the several mechanisms involved in cancer progression, imbalance of immune cell‐derived factors such as cytokines and chemokines plays a central role. IL‐25, as a member of the IL‐17 cytokine subfamily, exerts a paradoxical role in cancer, including tumor supportive and tumor suppressive. Hence, we have tried to clarify the role of IL‐25 and its receptor in tumor progression and cancer prognosis. It has been confirmed that IL‐25 exerts a tumor‐suppressive role through inducing infiltration of eosinophils and B cells into the tumor microenvironment and activating the apoptotic pathways. In contrast, the tumor‐supportive function has been implemented by activating inflammatory cascades, promoting cell cycle, and inducing type‐2 immune responses. Since IL‐25 has been dysregulated in tumor tissues and this dysregulation is involved in cancer development, its examination can be used as a tumor diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. Moreover, IL‐25‐based therapeutic approaches have shown promising results in cancer inhibition. In cancers in which IL‐25 has a tumor‐suppressive function, employing IL‐25‐enhancing approaches, such as Virulizin® and dihydrobenzofuran administration, has potentially inhibited tumor cell growth. On the other hand, in the case of IL‐25‐dependent tumor progression, using IL‐25 blocking methods, including anti‐IL‐25 antibodies, might be a complementary approach to the other anticancer agent. Collectively, it is hoped, IL‐25 might be a promising target in cancer treatment.