bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Detection of Millimeter-wave Transient Sources
Authors: Naess Sigurd , Battaglia Nick , Richard Bond J. , Calabrese Erminia , Choi Steve K. , Cothard Nicholas F. , Devlin Mark , Duell Cody J. , Duivenvoorden Adriaan J. , Dunkley Jo , Dünner Rolando , Gallardo Patricio A. , Gralla Megan , Guan Yilun , Halpern Mark , Colin Hill J. , Hilton Matt , Huffenberger Kevin M. , Koopman Brian J. , Kosowsky Arthur B. , Madhavacheril Mathew S. , McMahon Jeff , Nati Federico , Niemack Michael D. , Page Lyman , Partridge Bruce , Salatino Maria , Sehgal Neelima , Spergel David , Staggs Suzanne , Wollack Edward J. , Xu Zhilei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We report on the serendipitous discovery of three transient millimeter-wave sources using data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope. The first, detected at R.A. = 273.8138, decl. = −49.4628 at ∼50σ total, brightened from less than 5 mJy to at least 1100 mJy at 150 GHz with an unknown rise time shorter than 13 days, during which the increase from 250 mJy to 1100 mJy took only 8 minutes. Maximum flux was observed on 2019 November 8. The source’s spectral index in flux between 90–150 GHz was positive, α = 1.5 ± 0.2. The second, detected at R.A. = 105.1584, decl. = −11.2434 at ∼20σ total, brightened from less than 20 mJy to at least 300 mJy at 150 GHz with an unknown rise time shorter than 8 days. Maximum flux was observed on 2019 December 15. Its spectral index was also positive, α = 1.8 ± 0.2. The third, detected at R.A. = 301.9952, decl. = 16.1652 at ∼40σ total, brightened from less than 8 mJy to at least 300 mJy at 150 GHz over a day or less but decayed over a few days. Maximum flux was observed on 2018 September 11. Its spectrum was approximately flat, with a spectral index of α = −0.2 ± 0.1. None of the sources were polarized to the limits of these measurements. The two rising-spectrum sources are coincident in position with M and K stars, while the third is coincident with a G star.
Activity of ROS-induced processes in the combined preconditioning with amtizol before and after cerebral ischemia in rats
Authors: Levchenkov Olga S. , Novikov Vasiliy E , Vorobyov Viktoriya V. , Kulagin Konstantin N. 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: The dose-dependent effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tissues in preconditioning (PreC) and oxidative stress, as well as NO-synthase participation in mitochondrial ROS production determined the study aim – to assess the impact of the neuroprotective method of combined preconditioning (CPreC) on free radical reactions (FRRs) in brain in normoxia and in cerebral ischemia, including in NO-synthase blockade.
Materials and methods: The intensity of FRR by iron-induced chemiluminescence (CL), the content of lipid peroxidation products and antioxidant enzyme activity were investigated 1 hr (early period) and 48 hrs (delayed period) after CPreC (amtizol and hypobaric hypoxia) in Wistar rat brain. Some animal groups were operated (common carotid artery bilateral ligation) 1 hr and 48 hrs after CPreC, as well as with preliminary introduction of L-NAME and aminoguanidine.
Results and discussion: In normoxia, CPreC led to increase the CLmaximum level (Fmax) in the delayed PreC period. The amount of thiobarbituric acid reactive products (TBA-RP), activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in mitochondrial fraction of rat brain did not change in comparison with the intact control in both PreC periods. In cerebral ischemia, oxidative stress was observed. The CPreC use before ischemia caused a decrease in CL parameters and TBA-RP in brain, the maintenance of SOD and high catalase activity. NO-synthase inhibitors partially abolished the antioxidant effect of CPreC in ischemia.
Conclusion: CPreC had no influence on FRRs in brain tissue in normoxia, but prevented their excessive activation after ischemia, especially in the delayed period. NO-synthase was involved in the CPreC neuroprotection.
L’évolution de la tolérance en Europe
Authors: Magni-Berton Raùl 
Published: June 2021

Comme rappelé dans les deux précédents articles de ce dossier consacré à l’évolution des valeurs des Européens, Futuribles s’intéresse de longue date à l’évolution des systèmes de valeurs et à l’étude de leur transformation, en particulier grâce aux enquêtes réalisées tous les 9-10 ans dans le cadre de l’ European Values Study . Après l’article de Pierre Bréchon sur les grands enseignements de la dernière vague (2017-2018) comparée aux vagues antérieures (1990, 1999 et 2008), puis celui de Gilles Ivaldi sur la montée du populisme, Raul Magni Berton examine comment les Européens se positionnent vis-à-vis d’un certain nombre de questions éthiques (mariage, sexualité…) et civiques (fraude, corruption…), les caractéristiques culturelles ou géographiques qui s’en dégagent, et les grandes tendances que cette analyse met au jour. Il souligne ainsi un progrès général, commun, vers globalement plus de tolérance à l’égard des comportements des autres ; mais un double clivage, d’une part entre les pays de l’est et ceux de l’ouest de l’Europe (avec une nuance encore plus nette suivant qu’ils appartiennent ou non à l’Union européenne), d’autre part entre les enjeux éthiques (objets d’une tolérance accrue) et les enjeux civiques (à l’égard desquels l’intolérance est plus marquée). Enfin, au regard des évolutions passées, la tendance, au sein de l’Union européenne, est clairement à une homogénéisation des valeurs de tolérance. S.D.
La violence économique dans l’espace OHADA
Authors: Koïta Yacouba-Sylla 
Published: June 2021

Il y a violence économique lorsqu’un déséquilibre dans les droits et obligations des parties à un contrat est la résultante de l’exploitation par l’une d’elles de l’état de faiblesse (économique) de l’autre, au moment de la formation de la convention. Enjeu croissant de justice contractuelle, le phénomène trouve de plus en plus fréquemment réponse dans les législations modernes. Dans l’espace géographique couvert par l’OHADA, il demeure du ressort des droits internes, renforcés par des législations d’origine communautaire (UEMOA et CEMAC notamment) dans certains domaines spécifiques. Les deux projets de textes de l’OHADA destinés à l’uniformisation du droit commun des obligations abordent certes la question, mais suivant deux approches différentes : l’un l’assimile au vice de violence tandis que l’autre l’associe à la lésion. Le présent article s’intéresse ainsi au régime juridique de la violence économique au sein de la zone de compétence de l’OHADA. Il commence par sonder ce régime qui, de lege lata , n’est pas harmonisé et se révèle lacunaire. Ce constat, associé à d’autres considérations d’ordre juridique et conjoncturel, permet de déterminer, de lege ferenda , les fondements d’un régime juridique uniforme optimisé.
Le christianisme dans le sud de la Lusitanie (IVe-VIIIe s.). Réflexions sur son implantation au sein d’un territoire romain païen. Données archéologiques
Authors: Wolfram Mélanie 
Published: June 2021

¿Qué es el cristianismo en la Antigüedad Tardía y en qué forma los lugares y los objetos nos hablan de su verdadera adhesión a la fe cristiana? Este documento se refiere esencialmente a la sociedad secular del sur de Lusitania, trata de analizar a quienes poblaron el pueblo y los campos, quienes caminaron por los viejos caminos de la región, quienes construyeron monumentos en nombre de esta nueva forma de pensar acerca de la muerte. ¿Qué es el cristianismo sino una nueva forma de responder a este miedo inherente del ser humano? De aquellos a quienes les resultaba difícil convertirse en cristianos o mantenerse a sí mismos como tales, y de aquellos que, en última instancia, murieron in pace. Trataremos de entender cómo y cuándo estas personas se cristianizaron, en qué forma se estableció la Iglesia en las zonas rurales, sin penetrar en las élites urbanas y el mundo eclesiástico jerárquico. Finalmente, y paradójicamente, cuestionamos el concepto mismo de cristianización. ¿Qué es ser cristiano durante la Antigüedad tardía y qué forma nos dicen los lugares y los objetos de su adhesión real a la fe cristiana.

[fr] Chrétiens dans le centre de la Lusitanie, au sud du Tage: nous ferons ici l’analyse d’une société essentiellement laïque, de ceux qui peuplèrent les villae et les champs, qui parcoururent les anciennes voies d’une extrémité à l’autre de la région, qui construisirent des monuments au nom de cette nouvelle forme de penser la mort — car qu’est ce que le christianisme sinon qu’une nouvelle forme de répondre à cette peur inhérente à l’être humain? - de ceux qui eurent des difficultés à devenir chrétiens ou à se maintenir comme tels et de ceux, finalement, qui moururent in pace. Nous tenterons de comprendre comment et quand ces gens se christianisèrent, de quelle forme l’Église s’installa en milieu rural, sans pour autant pénétrer dans les élites urbaines et le monde ecclésiastique hiérarchisé. Finalement, et paradoxalement, nous questionnons le concept même de christianisation. Qu’est-ce qu’être chrétien durant l’Antiquité Tardive et de quelle forme les lieux et objets nous racontent-ils leur réelle adhesion à la foi chrétienne?
Prior Injury, Health-Related Quality of Life, Disablement, and Physical Activity in Former Women's Soccer Players
Authors: Cross Shannon J. , Gill Diane L. , Brown Pam Kocher , Reifsteck Erin J. 
Published: June 2021

Context
Former collegiate athletes may be at risk for negative health outcomes such as lower health-related quality of life (HRQoL), greater disablement, and lower lifetime physical activity (PA) participation. A history of severe sport injury may play a role in these outcomes.

Objective
To assess the role of prior sport injury in self-reported HRQoL, levels of disablement, and PA behaviors of former National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I women's soccer players.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Online survey.

Patients or Other Participants
Former Division I women's soccer players (n = 382, age = 36.41 ± 7.76 years) provided demographics and injury history and completed the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (HRQoL), the Disablement in the Physically Active Scale (disablement), and the Godin Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire (PA).

Main Outcome Measure(s)
The dependent variables were the physical and mental component summary scores for HRQoL and disablement and the frequency of moderate-to-vigorous PA. Means, SDs, and correlations among the main outcome variables were examined for those who reported a severe injury (n = 261) and those who did not (n = 121). To address our primary aim, we conducted multiple regression analyses to predict HRQoL, disablement, and PA based on a history of severe injury, accounting for age.

Results
Having a severe injury significantly predicted worse physical HRQoL and worse physical disablement. Severe injury predicted a &gt;2-point decrease and 5-point increase on the respective scales. Injury status did not predict mental HRQoL, mental disablement, or PA.

Conclusions
Most participants reported sustaining a prior severe soccer-related injury, which may have had a negative long-term effect on health outcomes for former women's soccer players. Athletic trainers should be aware of the risk for decreased HRQoL and increased disablement with injury and encourage continued monitoring of relevant patient-reported outcomes.
Comparative study between recapping inter body fusion and posterolateral fusion in cases of spondylolysis and lytic listhesis
Authors: Elsadek Amer A.M. 
Published: June 2021

Background
Spondylolysis and lytic spondylolisthesis are common orthopedic problems. Nonsurgical methods and physiotherapy always fail. Surgical options include laminectomy (obsolete), noninstrumented fusion, posterolateral fusion (PLF), posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF), transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion, anterior lumber interbody fusion, and other techniques. Most of them are successful, but each has its own advantages and disadvantages. PLIF is a successful method but carries the disadvantage of disruption of the posterior column and leaving the dura uncovered.

Aim
The aim of the study was to analyze the results of recapping technique and comparing the results with PLF regarding. Surgical time, blood loss, complications, pain relief, and fusion rate were recorded.

Patients and methods
A comparative study between 15 patients with PLF and 15 patients with recapping PLIF was done. Follow-up and radiograph were done at 2 weeks, 3 months, 6, and 12 months. When pseudoarthrosis was suspected, a computed tomography scan was done (two cases).

Results
Surgical time and blood loss were more in the recapping groups, in which one case of dural injury was recorded but no cases of pseudoarthrosis. Moreover, two cases of pseudoarthrosis were recorded in the PLF group. Early pain relief was more in the PLF group, but late improvement was similar in both groups.

Conclusion
Recapping PLIF can restore the three columns of the spine. It provides canal clearance as anterior lumber interbody fusion, carries low risks, and ensures good stability. It also provides wide surface for fusion, with preservation of the important mechanical roles of the posterior structure than do classic PLIF, with superior results of PLF group in the short term but superior results for recapping in the long-term follow-up.
Role of left uterine placement in maternal care bundle for the prevention of spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension in cesarean section
Authors: Mohammed Amira Abd El Fattah Shaban , Salem Eman A. , Alshawadfy Abdelrhman 
Published: June 2021

Background
Hypotension is the most common serious scenario in patients undergoing cesarean sections under spinal anesthesia. Care bundles have been employed using a set of three to five approaches with the aim to prevent and manage hypotension after spinal anesthesia. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of left uterine placement in maternal care bundle for the prevention of spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension in cesarean section.

Patients and methods
A total of 100 parturients age 25–35 years with American Society of Anesthesia grades I and II, undergoing elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia, were assigned into two equal groups at random: group A and group B (each group n=50). Both groups were subjected to a bundle of care using 4-mg ondansetron diluted in 10-ml normal saline given slowly intravenous for 5 min before the induction of spinal anesthesia, and spinal anesthesia was initiated using hyperbaric bupivacaine with a constant dose (10 mg), and administration of intravenous ephedrine 9 mg was done after spinal anesthesia had been cited. Group A was subjected to additional parameter in the care bundle, including patient's suitable position with left displacement of the pregnant uterus. Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded every 5 min for 45 min after spinal anesthesia. The total ephedrine and atropine requirements were also determined.

Results
Both groups showed a nonsignificant difference of the MABP and HR at the baseline measurement values. Follow-up of MABP and HR values every 5 min for 45 min after the onset of spinal anesthesia showed a statistically significant decrease in both groups. Overall consumption of ephedrine and atropine showed statistically significant decrease in group A compared with group B (P<0.001 and 0.01, respectively). By comparing the effect size between both groups using Cohen's d test regarding MABP, HR measurements, and total dose of ephedrine and atropine, we found that it had a small effect size.

Conclusion
The application of left uterine placement is an important and effective parameter in a maternal care bundle for decreasing the incidence of postspinal anesthesia hypotension in parturients undergoing elective cesarean section.
Optical coherence tomography angiography in patients with type 2 diabetes without clinical diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Abd-Elrahman Omnia M. , Atwa Fatma A.E.W. , Kamel Rehab M. , Gamal Asmaa M. 
Published: June 2021

Background and objectives
To investigate changes in retinal vascular plexuses, choriocapillaris, along with microcirculation of optic nerve head (ONH), in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without clinically evident retinopathy and healthy controls using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Patients and methods
This is a prospective, cross-sectional observational study that included 20 eyes of normal healthy controls (group 1) and 20 eyes of diabetic patients without clinically evident retinopathy (group 2). All participants underwent OCTA examination (RTVue-XR Avanti; Optovue). Average and parafoveal vessel density in superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus, choriocapillaris vessel density, foveal avascular zone area and perimeter, and vessel density inside ONH and in peripapillary region were compared between groups. Microaneurysms and capillary nonperfusion were taken into analysis. glycated hemoglobin and serum creatinine were assessed for diabetic patients.

Results
Group 2 showed statistically significant lower average vessel densities of SCP and deep capillary plexus (P<0.01) and parafoveal vessel density of SCP (P<0.01) compared with group 1. Moreover, there was statistically significant and highly significant difference between group 2 and group 1 regarding tempo-inferior and tempo-superior sectors of peripapillary area (P=0.016 and 0.001, respectively). A statistically significant increase in foveal avascular zone area and perimeter was found in group 2 compared with group 1 (P<0.01). Average vessel density of choriocapillaris had a negative correlation with serum creatinine in group 2 (P<0.05). Microaneurysms and capillary nonperfusion were detected by OCTA in diabetic patients.

Conclusion
OCTA can identify preclinical diabetic retinopathy before the clinical manifestations appear. It is a promising noninvasive tool for assessing retinal vascular plexuses, choriocapillaris, and ONH microcirculation.
Serum level of interleukin-17A in patients with alopecia areata and its relationship to age of patients and disease recurrence
Authors: Gharib Khaled , Elsayed Ayman 
Published: June 2021

Introduction
Alopecia areata (AA) is a relatively common reversible patchy hair loss of the scalp. It is usually manifested as patchy areas of complete hair loss on the scalp and sometimes with or without other body parts that can progress to complete loss of all body hair. This disorder affects all age groups, with a higher incidence in children and adolescents. AA is an autoimmune disorder characterized by hair cycle dysfunction with peribulbar and perifollicular mononuclear cell infiltrates.

Aim
To estimate interleukin-17A (IL-17A) serum level in patients with AA as well as study its relationship with the age of the patients, severity, and recurrence of disease.

Patients and method
s The study was carried out in Outpatient Clinic of Dermatology, Venerology, and Andrology Department, Zagazig University Hospitals, on 45 patients with AA of both sexes. Results were compared with 45 healthy participants with matched age (5–50 years).

Results
The present study included two groups: patient group included 45 patients diagnosed clinically with AA and control group included 45 age-matched and sex-matched healthy individuals.

Conclusion
The significantly higher levels of serum IL-17A in patients with AA suggest a possible role of IL-17A as a proinflammatory cytokine in the pathogenesis of AA and that IL-17A level may be influenced by age and disease recurrence in patients with AA.
Assessment of serum amyloid A level and the severity of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Khattab Fathia M. , Ibraheem Hoda A. 
Published: June 2021

Background
Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute-phase protein that activates immune cells and induces cytokines and chemokine. SAA levels in the blood have been reported to be elevated in case of inflammation, infections, neoplasia, and tissue injury. This study measured the SAA in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and evaluated the association between the severity of AD and their values.

Patients and methods
A total of 52 patients with AD (22 males and 30 females) were involved in our study. Subjects were characterized as having atopic eczema (eAD; n=25) extrinsic type AD or nonatopic (iAD; n=27) intrinsic AD by serum immunoglobulin E level. Serum soluble IL-2R (IL-2R) and SAA levels were measured.

Results
The serum SAA levels was detectable in all patients with AD, showing significantly higher levels (P=0.026) in the patients with eAD (207 pg/ml; 95% confidence interval: 172–242 pg/ml) compared with those with iAD (144 pg/ml; 95% confidence interval: 116–178 pg/ml). The serum SAA levels were significantly correlated with eosinophil counts and sIL-2R levels and showed a tendency to correlate with SCORAD index and serum immunoglobulin E levels.

Conclusion
These results suggest SAA level as a parameter of AD activity and may support its possible role in the pathogenesis of AD.
Apremilast − a fairly effective drug to manage palmoplantar psoriasis
Authors: Parasramani Shrichand G. , Pillai Jisha 
Published: June 2021

Aim
To present real world data for the treatment of palmoplantar psoriasis with Apremilast.

Objectives
To study the efficacy and safety of apremilast in palmo-plantar psoriasis.

Background
Palmoplantar psoriasis (PPP) is a disabling condition that is refractory to treatment. Apremilast an approved oral PDE4 inhibitor was used as a twice daily dose to treat our patients.

Methods
30 patients of PPP were administered apremilast tablets, along with mid potent topical steroids and emollient cream. 23 patients completed the study.

Results
The primary end point was the assessment of clinical response in patients achieving Palmoplantar Physicians Global Assessment 0/1 (ppPGA) at 16 weeks which was seen in 34.7% patients. Secondary end points were assessed as follows: Change in mean ppPGA from baseline to week 24, ppPGA 0/1 was seen in 48.7% patients, three patients who continued long term therapy maintained ppPGA 0/1 and adverse events (AE) reported during the course of the therapy were seen in 26% of the patients.

Conclusions
Apremilast is a fairly effective and safe drug for the management of PPP. It is capable of not only inducing clinically meaningful responses but also keeping PPP under control in the long run.