bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of pH‐Dependent Nanozymes with Oxygen Vacancies as the High‐Efficient Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenger for Oral‐Administrated Anti‐Inflammatory Therapy
Authors: Zhao Ning , Yang Fei‐Er , Zhao Cong‐Ying , Lv Shi‐Wen , Wang Jin , Liu Jing‐Min , Wang Shuo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIt is of great significance to eliminate excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) for treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Herein, for the first time, a novel nanozyme NiCo2O4@PVP is constructed via a step‐by‐step strategy. Noticeably, the existence of oxygen vacancy in the NiCo2O4@PVP is helpful for capturing oxygenated compounds, while both redox couples of Co3+/Co2+ and Ni3+/Ni2+ will offer richer catalytic sites. As expected, the obtained NiCo2O4@PVP exhibits pH‐dependent multiple mimic enzymatic activities. Benefiting from the introduction of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), the NiCo2O4@PVP possesses good physiological stability and excellent biosafety in stomach and intestines’ environment. Meanwhile, the NiCo2O4@PVP also presents strong scavenging activities to ROS in vitro, including •O2−, H2O2, as well as •OH. Furthermore, a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)‐induced colitis model is established for evaluating the anti‐inflammatory activity of NiCo2O4@PVP in vivo. Based on the size‐mediated and charge‐mediated mechanisms, the nanozyme can pass through the digestive tract and target the inflamed site for oral‐administrated anti‐inflammatory therapy. More interestingly, compared with the model group, the expression levels of inflammatory factors (e.g., Interleukin‐ 6 (IL‐6), Interleukin‐ 1β (IL‐1β), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)) in colon of mice show a significant decrease after nanozyme intervention, thereby inhibiting the development of IBD. In short, current work provides an alternative therapy for patients suffering from IBD.
Dual‐Light‐Triggered In Situ Structure and Function Regulation of Injectable Hydrogels for High‐Efficient Anti‐Infective Wound Therapy
Authors: Zhang Yu , Wu Haixia , Li Peipei , Liu Wenxin , Zhang Yanling , Dong Alideertu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMost injectable hydrogels used in biomedical engineering have unsatisfactory and untunable mechanical properties, making it difficult to match them with the mechanical strengths of different tissues and organs, which can cause a series of adverse consequences such as immune rejection and soft tissue contusion. In this contribution, dopamine‐modified hyaluronic acid (HA‐DA) is developed as the backbone for an injectable hydrogel using a catechol–Fe3+ coordination crosslinking strategy. Due to dynamic physical crosslinking, the hydrogel can be easily injected through a single syringe. Into the hydrogel, black phosphorous nanosheets loaded with a Zr‐based porphyrinic metal−organic framework (PCN@BP) are introduced that could generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under 660 nm laser irradiation, this promotes the oxidative coupling of dopamine in the presence of the ROS, introducing in situ chemical crosslinking into the hydrogel. A physical/chemical double‐crosslinked hydrogel is obtained, effectively improving the hydrogel's mechanical properties, which are tuned in situ by adjusting the irradiation time to match the mechanical modulus of different biological tissues. Combining the excellent photothermal properties and photodynamic performance of the PCN@BP nanosheets yields effective sterilization under mild conditions (below 50 °C, low ROS production). The results show that this hydrogel is an excellent multifunctional wound dressing.
Evolution of Graphene Patterning: From Dimension Regulation to Molecular Engineering
Authors: Wei Tao , Hauke Frank , Hirsch Andreas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe realization that nanostructured graphene featuring nanoscale width can confine electrons to open its bandgap has aroused scientists’ attention to the regulation of graphene structures, where the concept of graphene patterns emerged. Exploring various effective methods for creating graphene patterns has led to the birth of a new field termed graphene patterning, which has evolved into the most vigorous and intriguing branch of graphene research during the past decade. The efforts in this field have resulted in the development of numerous strategies to structure graphene, affording a variety of graphene patterns with tailored shapes and sizes. The established patterning approaches combined with graphene chemistry yields a novel chemical patterning route via molecular engineering, which opens up a new era in graphene research. In this review, the currently developed graphene patterning strategies is systematically outlined, with emphasis on the chemical patterning. In addition to introducing the basic concepts and the important progress of traditional methods, which are generally categorized into top‐down, bottom‐up technologies, an exhaustive review of established protocols for emerging chemical patterning is presented. At the end, an outlook for future development and challenges is proposed.
Controllable Doping in 2D Layered Materials
Authors: Wang Zhen , Xia Hui , Wang Peng , Zhou Xiaohao , Liu Chunsen , Zhang Qinghua , Wang Fang , Huang Menglin , Chen Shiyou , Wu Peisong , Chen Yunfeng , Ye Jiafu , Huang Shenyang , Yan Hugen , Gu Lin , Miao Jinshui , Li Tianxin , Chen Xiaoshuang , Lu Wei , Zhou Peng , Hu Weida 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFor each generation of semiconductors, the issue of doping techniques is always placed at the top of the priority list since it determines whether a material can be used in the electronic and optoelectronic industry or not. When it comes to 2D materials, significant challenges have been found in controllably doping 2D semiconductors into p‐ or n‐type, let alone developing a continuous control of this process. Here, a unique self‐modulated doping characteristic in 2D layered materials such as PtSSe, PtS0.8Se1.2, PdSe2, and WSe2 is reported. The varying number of vertically stacked‐monolayers is the critical factor for controllably tuning the same material from p‐type to intrinsic, and to n‐type doping. Importantly, it is found that the thickness‐induced lattice deformation makes defects in PtSSe transit from Pt vacancies to anion vacancies based on dynamic and thermodynamic analyses, which leads to p‐ and n‐type conductance, respectively. By thickness‐modulated doping, WSe2 diode exhibits a high rectification ratio of 4400 and a large open‐circuit voltage of 0.38 V. Meanwhile, the PtSSe detector overcomes the shortcoming of large dark‐current in narrow‐bandgap optoelectronic devices. All these findings provide a brand‐new perspective for fundamental scientific studies and applications.
Impact of the Buffer/Absorber Interface on the Metastability of Fill Factor Temperature Coefficients in CIGSSe Solar Cells
Authors: Ahmed Hamsa , Solovyeva Vita , Gonzalez Marco A. , Elshabasi Mohamed , Richter Michael , Pareek Devendra , Heise Stephan J. , Stölzel Marko , Weber Alfons , Dalibor Thomas , Schäfer Sascha , Parisi Jürgen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe metastable behavior of the fill factor temperature coefficient (βFF,rel) in Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 solar cells is investigated for absorbers with a different Ga content in the front surface, and for different buffer materials. The buffer/absorber interface region is suggested to be the location which causes the metastability in βFF,rel. Temperature dependent current–voltage curves, light‐biased external quantum efficiency, and low temperature capacitance–voltage measurements are performed to characterize the electrical properties and metastable defects in the investigated solar cell devices. The presence of Ga in the absorber front surface, together with the buffer layer material plays a significant role in the metastable behavior. Additionally, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy indicates that the InxSy buffer layers allow for elemental interdiffusion from absorbers with a Ga‐richer front surface, whereas a Zn(O,S) buffer shows to be rather resilient to atomic diffusion. The elemental interdiffusion between the buffer and absorber layers is proposed to be the cause of the defects causing the observed βFF,rel metastability.
Anomalous Electronic and Protonic Conductivity of 2D Titanium Oxide and Low‐Temperature Power Generation Using Its Protonic Conduction
Authors: Lee Sang Eun , Jung Sung Yeb , Seo Jun , Joo Jong Hoon , Lee Jaekwang , Kim Young‐Min , Lee Kyu Hyoung , Kim Yong In , Park Hee Jung 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, a titanium‐oxide film is fabricated by stacking 2D nanosheets with a thickness of 1 nm layer‐by‐layer. The electrical properties of the titanium‐oxide film are investigated under various temperatures (25–300 °C) and a water vapor atmosphere. As a result, it is found that protonic conduction is dominant at low temperatures (<100 °C), while electronic conduction is highest at high temperatures (>200 °C). The electrical conductivity is about one billion times higher than that of conventional 3D titanium‐oxide. Protons, dominant charge carriers at low temperature, are transported along the pathway between layers of nanosheets. The protonic conductivity is as high as 10−4−5 S cm−1 due to the increased interfacial density of the film. This anomalous electronic and protonic conduction is expected to be available in various applications. In this study, the developed 2D titanium‐oxide with high protonic conductivity is employed in the solid electrolyte of a solid oxide fuel cell using water as a fuel. A competitive power density of ≈0.22 mW cm−2 is obtained at low temperature (75 °C) under a water concentration gradient.
Sweat Gland Organoids Originating from Reprogrammed Epidermal Keratinocytes Functionally Recapitulated Damaged Skin
Authors: Sun Xiaoyan , Xiang Jiangbing , Chen Runkai , Geng Zhijun , Wang Lintao , Liu Yiqiong , Ji Shuaifei , Chen Huating , Li Yan , Zhang Cuiping , Liu Peng , Yue Tao , Dong Lei , Fu Xiaobing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRestoration of sweat glands (SwGs) represents a great issue in patients with extensive skin defects. Recent methods combining organoid technology with cell fate reprogramming hold promise for developing new regenerative methods for SwG regeneration. Here, a practical strategy for engineering functional human SwGs in vitro and in vivo is provided. First, by forced expression of the ectodysplasin‐A in human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) combined with specific SwG culture medium, HEKs are efficiently converted into SwG cells (iSwGCs). The iSwGCs show typical morphology, gene expression pattern, and functions resembling human primary SwG cells. Second, by culturing the iSwGCs in a special 3D culturing system, SwG organoids (iSwGOs) that exhibit structural and biological features characteristic of native SwGs are obtained. Finally, these iSwGOs are successfully transplanted into a mouse skin damage model and they develop into fully functioning SwGs in vivo. Regeneration of functional SwG organoids from reprogrammed HEKs highlights the great translational potential for personalized SwG regeneration in patients with large skin defects.
Sox2 regulates globose basal cell regeneration in the olfactory epithelium
Authors: Li Zhexuan , Wei Ming , Shen Wenjuan , Kulaga Heather , Chen Mengfei , Lane Andrew P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn the olfactory epithelium, mitotically active globose basal cells (GBCs) continuously replenish olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) lost throughout life. Although an essential role of the transcription factor Sox2 in expanding olfactory progenitors/stem cells has been shown, its precise role in olfactory GBCs remain incompletely understood.MethodsWe characterized the Sox2 expression in olfactory GBCs in normal conditions and in a lesion‐regeneration model using a Lgr5EGFP‐IRES‐creERT2 strain. During GBC‐mediated regeneration, genetic deletion of sox2 and lineage tracing experiments were performed to examine the function of Sox2 in the progeny of Lgr5‐EGFP+ GBCs.ResultsOver 95% of Lgr5‐EGFP+ GBCs express Sox2 in normal or regeneration conditions. Loss of Sox2 dramatically reduces the cell number in each lineage traced cluster. In the progeny of Lgr5‐EGFP+ GBCs, loss of Sox2 significantly decreased the portion of OMP+ OSNs. However, the generation of sustentacular cells was unchanged.ConclusionsOur observations support an essential role of Sox2 in adult olfactory regeneration, likely acting on neuronal‐lineage GBCs.
Predictive value of clinical characteristics in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: A cross‐sectional study in the Chinese population
Authors: Yu Longgang , Jiang Yan , Yan Bing , Fang Gaoli , Wang Chengshuo , Zhang Luo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundEosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (ECRSwNP) is a refractory subtype of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), with clinical characteristics differing from those of non‐ECRSwNP. We aimed to explore the predictive value of clinical characteristics, including medical history, symptoms, and signs, prior to ECRSwNP diagnosis, and to develop a nomogram for use in clinical practice.MethodsA total of 502 patients with CRSwNP were enrolled. Based on the degree of eosinophilic infiltration in nasal polyps (NPs), patients were classified as ECRSwNP or non‐ECRSwNP group. Participants’ demographic characteristics, asthma history, severity of nasal symptoms (nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, hyposmia, and facial pain/headache) according to the visual analog scale, and nasal polyp scores based on polyp scoring system were recorded. Logistic regression analysis was performed to screen for independent risk factors, and a model nomogram was constructed.ResultsThe percentage of asthmatic patients and the hyposmia, rhinorrhea, and total nasal symptom scores were significantly higher in ECRSwNP patients than that in non‐ECRSwNP patients. The nasal polyp score was lower in the eosinophilic group than that in the non‐eosinophilic group. Logistic regression analysis revealed that asthma history and hyposmia, rhinorrhea and nasal polyp scores were independent predictors of ECRSwNP. A nomogram consisting of these four independent risk factors was constructed, and its C‐index was 0.808 (95% CI, 0.771 to 0.846).ConclusionsThe nomogram based on asthma history and olfactory, rhinorrhea, and nasal polyp scores could help predict ECRSwNP, providing a simple, fast, and practical way to distinguish ECRSwNP from non‐ECRSwNP cases in clinical practice.
Associations of amyloid and neurodegeneration plasma biomarkers with comorbidities
Authors: Syrjanen Jeremy A. , Campbell Michelle R. , Algeciras‐Schimnich Alicia , Vemuri Prashanthi , Graff‐Radford Jonathan , Machulda Mary M. , Bu Guojun , Knopman David S. , Jack Clifford R. , Petersen Ronald C. , Mielke Michelle M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionBlood‐based biomarkers of amyloid pathology and neurodegeneration are entering clinical use. It is critical to understand what factors affect the levels of these markers.MethodsPlasma markers (Aβ42, Aβ40, NfL, T‐tau, Aβ42/40 ratio) were measured on the Quanterix Simoa HD‐1 analyzer for 996 Mayo Clinic Study of Aging (MCSA) participants, aged 51 to 95 years. All other data were collected during in‐person MCSA visits or abstracted from the medical record.ResultsAmong cognitively unimpaired (CU) participants, all plasma markers correlated with age. Linear regression models revealed multiple relationships. For example, higher Charlson Comorbidity Index and chronic kidney disease were associated with higher levels of all biomarkers. Some relationships differed between mild cognitive impairment and dementia participants.DiscussionMultiple variables affect plasma biomarkers of amyloid pathology and neurodegeneration among CU in the general population. Incorporating this information is critical for accurate interpretation of the biomarker levels and for the development of reference ranges.
Effects of I3− Electrolyte Additive on the Electrochemical Performance of Zn Anodes and Zn/MnO2 Batteries
Authors: Liu Siying , Shang Wenshuo , Yang Yaxin , Kang Dongjian , Li Changsheng , Sun Buting , Kang Litao , Yun Shan , Jiang Fuyi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhile delivering the highest energy density among low‐cost aqueous batteries, the practical implement of rechargeable Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) is still seriously restricted by the dynamic parasitic reactions on the metallic Zn anodes including dendrite growth, H2 evolution and corrosion reactions. Modulating electrolyte is identified as a facile and effective approach to restrain these detrimental processes by various chemical mechanisms. Herein, we report a new strategy to improve the performance of Zn anodes and ZIBs by simply adding I3− species into the electrolytes. The I3− can react with the surface Zn and passivate the growth hotspots of Zn dendrites, prolonging the cycling lifetime of the electrodes. As a competitive reaction, it can also suppress the H2O‐derived corrosion and H2 evolution process. The I3− is regenerable by oxidizing reactions on cathode surface, and can therefore long‐term persist its beneficial effects in ZIBs, as demonstrated in the classic Zn/MnO2 battery. However, the I3− additive seems failed in evolving into a dense interfacial protective layer, and may be useful as a supplementary measure to prevent shorting failure of Zn‐based batteries.
Quantification of serum thyroid hormones using tandem mass spectrometry in patients with Down syndrome
Authors: Iwano Reiko , Toki Machiko , Hanakawa Junko , Asakura Yumi , Adachi Masanori , Tanaka Yukichi , Muroya Koji 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThyroid dysfunction is common in patients with Down syndrome (DS), the most common chromosomal disorder. Thyroid hormones (THs) are important for normal growth, neurodevelopment, and metabolism, highlighting the importance of quantifying the levels in patients with DS. However, current methods possess cross‐reactivity that results in inaccuracies in quantification. We aimed at developing a new analytical method for quantifying the total 3,3′,5‐triiodo‐l‐thyronine (TT3), total 3,3′,5,5′‐tetraiodo‐l‐thyronine (TT4), 3,3′,5′‐triiodo‐l‐thyronine, and reverse T3 (rT3) levels using LC–MS/MS. Repeatability and reproducibility with coefficient of variation values of 2–9 and 3–13%, respectively, were acceptable, suggesting that the assay was suitable for measuring serum THs. We measured the serum TH levels of patients with DS but without thyroid dysfunction (age, 3–20 years) and compared the levels to those of controls (patients with idiopathic short stature; age, 3–17 years). When TH levels were summarized by age group, the serum TT4 concentrations were not significantly different between the controls and patients with DS across all age groups. Meanwhile, the serum TT3 concentrations differed according to age. In addition, the serum rT3 concentrations were significantly higher in patients with DS than in controls, except for those in the 12–14 age group. We also calculated the T3/T4 and rT3/T4 ratios to elucidate the reason for the higher rT3 in patients with DS; however, no useful findings were obtained. Thus, further investigation is needed to clarify our findings.
(Mis)managing overstock in luxury: Burning inventory and brand trust to the ground
Authors: Lee Park Camila , Fracarolli Nunes Mauro , Paiva Ely Laureano 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTraditionally associated with demands for superior quality and social status, luxury consumption is expected to undergo important transformations in the coming decades. Following a series of societal changes, the environmental impacts generated by companies have become decisive factors in purchasing decisions. Authors have also been stressing the effect of sustainability performance on assorted dimensions of B2C relationships, thereby putting pressure on companies to incorporate these trends. While luxury brands have sought to adapt their business models, a series of unsustainable practices continue to be part of their day‐to‐day operations. Among the most controversial is the burning of unsold products as a way of preserving brand value. In addition to attracting unwanted attention from the media, the destruction of fully functional products often triggers harsh reactions from environmentalists, as well as from consumers who are more sensitive to these issues. The prospect of growing demands for environmental responsibility, coupled with the perception that any failure in this regard represents a risk to the reputational assets of luxury companies, makes the investigation of inventory burning in relation to stakeholders' perceptions an urgent task. Aiming to offer new insights into the future of sustainable luxury consumption, we assess the impact of this practice on two key components of consumer perception. Through two scenario‐based experiments with a total sample of 492 participants, we investigate the effects of inventory burning on consumer trust and avoidance of luxury brands. Our results indicate the need for luxury brands to further incorporate environmental demands as they seek to serve increasingly demanding eco‐conscious consumers.
Development and validation of a predictive model for bleeding after peripheral vascular intervention: A report from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry Peripheral Vascular Interventions Registry
Authors: Salisbury Adam C. , Safley David M. , Kennedy Kevin F. , Bhardwaj Bhaskar , Aronow Herbert D. , Jones William Schuyler , Feldman Dmitriy N. , Secemsky Eric , Tsai Thomas T. , Attaran Robert R. , Spertus John A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo develop a model to predict risk of in‐hospital bleeding following endovascular peripheral vascular intervention.BackgroundPeri‐procedural bleeding is a common, potentially preventable complication of catheter‐based peripheral vascular procedures and is associated with increased mortality. We used the National Cardiovascular Data Registry (NCDR) Peripheral Vascular Interventions (PVI) Registry to develop a novel risk‐prediction model to identify patients who may derive the greatest benefit from application of strategies to prevent bleeding.MethodsWe examined all patients undergoing lower extremity PVI at 76 NCDR PVI hospitals from 2014 to 2017. Patients with acute limb ischemia (n = 1600) were excluded. Major bleeding was defined as overt bleeding with a hemoglobin (Hb) drop of ≥ 3 g/dl, any Hb decline of ≥ 4 g/dl, or a blood transfusion in patients with pre‐procedure Hb ≥ 8 g/dl. Hierarchical multivariable logistic regression was used to develop a risk model to predict major bleeding. Model validation was performed using 1000 bootstrapped replicates of the population after sampling with replacement.ResultsAmong 25,382 eligible patients, 1017 (4.0%) developed major bleeding. Predictors of bleeding included age, female sex, critical limb ischemia, non‐femoral access, prior heart failure, and pre‐procedure hemoglobin. The model demonstrated good discrimination (optimism corrected c‐statistic = 0.67), calibration (corrected slope = 0.98, intercept of −0.04) and range of predicted risk (1%–18%).ConclusionsPost‐procedural PVI bleeding risk can be predicted based upon pre‐ and peri‐procedural patient characteristics. Further studies are needed to determine whether this model can be utilized to improve procedural safety through developing and targeting bleeding avoidance strategies.