bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute kidney injury in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Gupta Shruti , Short Samuel A P , Sise Meghan E , Prosek Jason M , Madhavan Sethu M , Soler Maria Jose , Ostermann Marlies , Herrmann Sandra M , Abudayyeh Ala , Anand Shuchi , Glezerman Ilya , Motwani Shveta S , Murakami Naoka , Wanchoo Rimda , Ortiz-Melo David I , Rashidi Arash , Sprangers Ben , Aggarwal Vikram , Malik A Bilal , Loew Sebastian , Carlos Christopher A , Chang Wei-Ting , Beckerman Pazit , Mithani Zain , Shah Chintan V , Renaghan Amanda D , Seigneux Sophie De , Campedel Luca , Kitchlu Abhijat , Shin Daniel Sanghoon , Rangarajan Sunil , Deshpande Priya , Coppock Gaia , Eijgelsheim Mark , Seethapathy Harish , Lee Meghan D , Strohbehn Ian A , Owen Dwight H. , Husain Marium , Garcia-Carro Clara , Bermejo Sheila , Lumlertgul Nuttha , Seylanova Nina , Flanders Lucy , Isik Busra , Mamlouk Omar , Lin Jamie S , Garcia Pablo , Kaghazchi Aydin , Khanin Yuriy , Kansal Sheru K , Wauters Els , Chandra Sunandana , Schmidt-Ott Kai M , Hsu Raymond K , Tio Maria C , Sarvode Mothi Suraj , Singh Harkarandeep , Schrag Deborah , Jhaveri Kenar D , Reynolds Kerry L , Cortazar Frank B , Leaf David E 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitor-associated acute kidney injury (ICPi-AKI) has emerged as an important toxicity among patients with cancer.MethodsWe collected data on 429 patients with ICPi-AKI and 429 control patients who received ICPis contemporaneously but who did not develop ICPi-AKI from 30 sites in 10 countries. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of ICPi-AKI and its recovery. A multivariable Cox model was used to estimate the effect of ICPi rechallenge versus no rechallenge on survival following ICPi-AKI.ResultsICPi-AKI occurred at a median of 16 weeks (IQR 8–32) following ICPi initiation. Lower baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use, and extrarenal immune-related adverse events (irAEs) were each associated with a higher risk of ICPi-AKI. Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis was the most common lesion on kidney biopsy (125/151 biopsied patients [82.7%]). Renal recovery occurred in 276 patients (64.3%) at a median of 7 weeks (IQR 3–10) following ICPi-AKI. Treatment with corticosteroids within 14 days following ICPi-AKI diagnosis was associated with higher odds of renal recovery (adjusted OR 2.64; 95% CI 1.58 to 4.41). Among patients treated with corticosteroids, early initiation of corticosteroids (within 3 days of ICPi-AKI) was associated with a higher odds of renal recovery compared with later initiation (more than 3 days following ICPi-AKI) (adjusted OR 2.09; 95% CI 1.16 to 3.79). Of 121 patients rechallenged, 20 (16.5%) developed recurrent ICPi-AKI. There was no difference in survival among patients rechallenged versus those not rechallenged following ICPi-AKI.ConclusionsPatients who developed ICPi-AKI were more likely to have impaired renal function at baseline, use a PPI, and have extrarenal irAEs. Two-thirds of patients had renal recovery following ICPi-AKI. Treatment with corticosteroids was associated with improved renal recovery.
Thick braneworld model in nonmetricity formulation of general relativity and its stability
Authors: Fu Qi-Ming , Zhao Li , Xie Qun-Ying 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study the thick brane system in the so-called f(Q) gravity, where the gravitational interaction was encoded by the nonmetricity Q like scalar curvature R in general relativity. With a special choice of $$f(Q)=Q-b Q^n$$

f

(
Q
)

=
Q
-
b

Q
n

, we find that the thick brane system can be solved analytically with the first-order formalism, where the complicated second-order differential equation is transformed to several first-order differential equations. Moreover, the stability of the thick brane system under tensor perturbation is also investigated. It is shown that the tachyonic states are absent and the graviton zero mode can be localized on the brane. Thus, the four-dimensional Newtonian potential can be recovered at low energy. Besides, the corrections of the massive graviton Kaluza–Klein modes to the Newtonian potential are also analyzed briefly.
Neutron stars in Palatini $$R+\alpha R^2$$ and $$R+\alpha R^2+\beta Q$$ theories
Authors: Herzog Georg , Sanchis-Alepuz Hèlios 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe study solutions of the stellar structure equations for spherically symmetric objects in modified theories of gravity, where the Einstein-Hilbert Lagrangian is replaced by$$f(R)=R+\alpha R^2$$f(R)=R+αR2and$$f(R,Q)=R+\alpha R^2+\beta Q$$f(R,Q)=R+αR2+βQ, withRbeing the Ricci scalar curvature,$$Q=R_{\mu \nu }R^{\mu \nu }$$Q=RμνRμνand$$R_{\mu \nu }$$Rμνthe Ricci tensor. We work in the Palatini formalism, where the metric and the connection are assumed to be independent dynamical variables. We focus on stellar solutions in the mass-radius region associated to neutron stars. We illustrate the potential impact of the$$R^2$$R2andQterms by studying a range of viable values of$$\alpha $$αand$$\beta $$β. Similarly, we use different equations of state (SLy, FPS, HS(DD2) and HS(TMA)) as a simple way to account for the equation of state uncertainty. Our results show that for certain combinations of the$$\alpha $$αand$$\beta $$βparameters and equation of state, the effect of modifications of general relativity on the properties of stars is sizeable. Therefore, with increasing accuracy in the determination of the equation of state for neutron stars, astrophysical observations may serve as discriminators of modifications of General Relativity.
Many accelerating distorted black holes
Authors: Astorino Marco , Viganò Adriano 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn analytical solution of four-dimensional General Relativity, representing an array of collinear and accelerating black holes, is constructed with the inverse scattering method. The metric can be completely regularised from any conical singularity, thanks to the presence of an external gravitational field. Therefore the multi-black hole configuration can be maintained at equilibrium without the need of strings or struts. Some notable subcases such as the accelerating distorted Schwarzschild black hole and the distorted double C-metric are explicitly presented. The Smarr law and the thermodynamics of these systems is studied. The Bonnor–Swaminarayan and the Bičák–Hoenselaers–Schmidt particle metrics are recovered, through appropriate limits, from the multi-black holes solutions.
MATrix LABoratory Algorithm in Ultrasound Image-Guided General Drug Anesthesia along with Lumbar and Sacral Plexus Block in Hip Replacement under
Authors: Wang Nana , Chen Lingyang , Wang Hongzhu , Wang Yibing , Ruan Binhao 
Published: October 2021

Objective. The study aimed to explore the application of ultrasound image-guided general drug anesthesia combined with lumbar and sacral plexus block based on MATrix LABoratory (MATLAB) algorithm in hip arthroplasty and to study its clinical effect. Methods. The classic geodesic active contour (GAC) algorithm and the improved fuzzy clustering level set algorithm were used to segment ultrasound images of waist plexus, and then their segmentation effects were compared. Both algorithms are from the MATrix LABoratory (MATLAB) platform. A total of 60 patients undergoing hip arthroplasty were selected and randomly enrolled into control and experimental groups. The control group accepted general drug anesthesia, and the experimental group accepted ultrasound-guided lumbar and sacral plexus block combined with general anesthesia. The mean arterial pressure and heart rate at t0 (before anesthesia), t1 (before ventilation), t2 (when the skin was incised), t3 (when the prosthesis was implanted), t4 (when the incision was closed), and t5 (at the end of ventilation) were observed, and the intraoperative sufentanil dosage and 24 h analgesic dosage, the incidence of postoperative delirium, and the incidence of cognitive dysfunction were recorded. Results. The improved fuzzy clustering level set algorithm was better than the GAC model algorithm in image segmentation and running time. In contrast with the control group, the average arterial pressure and heart rate of the experimental group at the four time points of t1, t2, t3, and t5 were obviously reduced (

P

< 0.05). In contrast with the control group, the amount of sufentanil and analgesics in the experimental group was obviously reduced (

P

< 0.05), and the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction and delirium was obviously reduced (

P

< 0.05). Conclusion. The improved fuzzy clustering level set algorithm is superior to the GAC model in image segmentation and running time. Under its guidance, the lumbar and sacral plexus block combined with general anesthesia has a good clinical effect in hip arthroplasty, which is better than simple general anesthesia.
Premenopausal Breast Cancer Risk Factors and Associations with Molecular Subtypes: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Ntirenganya Faustin , Twagirumukiza Jean Damascene , Bucyibaruta Georges , Rugwizangoga Belson , Rulisa Stephen 
Published: October 2021

Background. Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer in women and the leading cause of women’s cancer-related deaths and morbidity worldwide. In Rwanda, BC incidence is increasing with an unacceptably high mortality rate in premenopausal women. Objectives. The purpose was to identify modifiable BC risk factors and assess associations between common breast cancer risks factors and molecular subtypes in premenopausal women in Rwanda. Methods. This was a case-control study. Premenopausal women with histological confirmation of BC and frequency-matched for age controls were recruited. A preestablished questionnaire was administered to both cases and controls for sociodemographics, BC probable risk factors, and clinical and pathological characteristics. BC was classified into luminal A, luminal B, HER2-type, basal-like (triple negative), and unclassified molecular subtypes by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results. 340 participants were recruited into the study (170 cases vs. 170 controls). The median age was 39 years. The majority of cases presented at advanced stages of the disease (51.2% in stages III and IV) and had invasive ductal carcinoma (98.2%). 60.6% had subtypes of poor prognosis (HER2 enriched 14.7%, triple negative 12.9%, and unclassified 32.9%). Alcohol intake

AOR
=
3.73
,
95
%
C
I

2.19
−
6.32
,
p
<
0.001

, obesity/overweight in adolescence or early adulthood

AOR
=
10.86
,
95
%
C
I

4.82
−
24.4
,
p
<
0.001

, history of primary infertility

AOR
=
33.8
,
95
%
C
I

3.5
−
321.5
,
p
=
0.002

, nulliparity

AOR
=
3.75
,
95
%
C
I

1.61
−
8.75
,
p
=
0.002

, and a history of benign breast disease

AOR
=
6.06
,
95
%
C
I

1.19
−
30.73
,
p
=
0.03

were associated with the occurrence of premenopausal breast cancer. There was no significant difference between risk factor stratification per molecular subtype. Conclusion. Several reproductive, environmental, and lifestyle risk factors have been identified to be associated with premenopausal BC. Among them, alcohol intake and obesity/overweight during adolescence/early adulthood can be modified. Interventions targeting alcohol consumption and obesity/overweight in adolescents and young adults may decrease the incidence of premenopausal breast cancer.
Parental stress among Norwegian fathers and mothers: Similarities and differences
Authors: Hukkelberg Silje S. , Nærde Ane 
Published: October 2021

Although fathers are increasingly involved in childrearing, less is known about how parental stress is perceived among mothers and fathers separately. The present study investigated the construct validity of the PSS in a community-based sample of Norwegian father–mother dyads with a child aged 4. A total of 1030 mothers and fathers ( N = 515 dyads) responded to the PSS, which is a much used instrument that assesses stress related to childrearing across 18 items. Construct validity was investigated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and the multitrait–multimethod approach (MTMM). The results revealed that six of the items showed extensive ceiling-effects for both parents, and were excluded from further analysis. Dimensionality was examined for the remaining 12 PSS items. The results supported a two-factor solution for both fathers and mothers, reflecting parental stressors (9 items) and lack of rewards (3 items). The MTMM approach indicated convergent and discriminant validity across traits (Parental stressors and Lack of rewards) and methods (father vs mother rating). We also explored the network of PSS items for mothers and fathers, and found both similarities and differences. Overall, the results of the factor analyses have implications for the use of the PSS. The networks of PSS suggest that some items may be especially important when addressing parental stress with mothers and fathers.
Estimation of sex from computed tomography images of skull measurements in an adult Turkish population
Authors: Meral Orhan , Meydan Reyhan , Toklu Belkıs Betül , Kaya Ahsen , Karadayi Beytullah , Acar Türker 
Published: October 2021

Background Nowadays, data on the anthropometric measurements of populations is needed in many areas, especially forensic and legal. Using various methods, researchers obtain various data such as race, sex, and age, and thus provide identification of the material used. Morphological or metric methods are often used for identification. Purpose To evaluate the usefulness of the results of skull measurements using computed tomography (CT) to determine sex in a Turkish population. Material and Methods We analyzed 300 male and 300 female CT images of Turkish individuals with an age range of 21–50 years. Maximum cranial length, maximum cranial breadth, bimastoid diameter, bizygomatic diameter, and bigonial breadth were measured by CT tomography. All data were subjected to discriminant function analyses for estimating sex. Intra-observer and inter-observer variances of the measurements were examined using intraclass correlation coefficient analysis. Results Discriminant function analysis indicated that there was a significant difference between male and female with 88% accuracy. Discriminant function for estimation of sex was obtained with satisfactory accuracy rates for the parameters used. Conclusion This study confirms that skull measurements show sexual dimorphism in the Turkish population, and also suggests that it may be useful to use CT to assess skull anthropometric measurements.
High Risk of New Knee Injuries in Female Soccer Players After Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction at 5- to 10-Year Follow-up
Authors: Fältström Anne , Kvist Joanna , Hägglund Martin 
Published: October 2021

Background: A new anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury after ACL reconstruction is a feared outcome. Purpose: To study the risk of new knee injuries in female soccer players 5 to 10 years after primary unilateral ACL reconstruction and to compare players who returned to soccer with (1) players who did not return and (2) knee-healthy soccer players (controls). Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Demographic, soccer-specific, and surgical data were recorded at baseline for 317 female soccer players (mean ± SD age, 20.1 ± 2.7 years) 1.6 ± 0.7 years after ACL reconstruction and for 119 matched controls (mean age, 19.5 ± 2.5 years). Data on new knee injuries and soccer-playing status were collected 5 to 10 years after ACL reconstruction via a questionnaire. Results: Among players with ACL reconstruction, 222 (70%) responded at a mean 6.5 ± 1.0 years after primary ACL reconstruction. We compared 3 cohorts: (1) among 163 players with ACL reconstruction who returned to soccer, 68 (42%) sustained 44 reruptures and 29 contralateral ruptures; (2) among 59 players with ACL reconstruction who did not return to soccer, 11 (19%) sustained 9 reruptures and 2 contralateral ruptures; and (3) among 113 knee-healthy controls, 12 (11%) sustained 13 ACL injuries. Players who returned had a >2-fold higher risk of a new ACL injury than players who did not return (risk ratio, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.27-3.93; P = .005) and a 4-fold higher risk than controls (risk ratio, 3.93; 95% CI, 2.23-6.91; P <.001). A new ACL, meniscal, or cartilage injury was the most frequent new knee injury. Among players who returned to soccer, 68% reported a new knee injury, and they had a 2- to 5-times higher risk of any new knee injury and knee surgery than players who did not return and controls. Conclusion: Two-thirds of female soccer players with ACL reconstruction who returned to soccer sustained a new knee injury within 5 to 10 years; 42% had a new ACL injury. Their risk of a new knee injury and knee surgery was 2 to 5 times greater than that for players who did not return and for knee-healthy controls. New injury may have negative consequences for long-term knee health and should be a critical consideration in the decision to return to play.
Durable Progression-Free Survival With the Use of BRAF and MEK Inhibitors in Four Cases With BRAF V600E-Mutated Gliomas
Authors: Fusco Michael J. , Piña Yolanda , Macaulay Robert J. , Sahebjam Solmaz , Forsyth Peter A. , Peguero Edwin , Walko Christine M. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction BRAF V600 E mutations have been identified in a subset of patients with primary brain tumors. Combination therapy with BRAF and Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitors (BRAF/MEKi) targeting sequential steps in the MAPK pathway has replaced BRAFi monotherapy as the standard of care in multiple tumors with BRAF V600 E mutations, and clinical evidence for this strategy continues to grow in primary brain tumors. Case series We describe four patients with BRAF V600 E mutated gliomas, including a 21-year-old woman with a ganglioglioma WHO grade I, a 19-year-old man with a pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma WHO grade III, and 21-year-old and 33-year-old women with epithelioid GBM WHO grade IV, who achieved durable progression-free survival with combination BRAF/MEKi. Conclusion Combination of BRAF/MEK inhibition can be a novel, promising approach as targeted therapy in gliomas with BRAF V600 E mutations, especially those that are resistant to standard therapy. Our cases, along with other early reports utilizing dabrafenib/trametinib, highlight the importance of somatic next-generation sequencing, particularly in younger patients. Interim results from clinical trials utilizing dabrafenib/trametinib have been promising thus far, and our case series suggests that durable clinical benefit is possible, even in the setting of glioblastoma, WHO grade IV.
Hydrochlorothiazide Reduces Cardiac Hypertrophy, Fibrosis and Rho-Kinase Activation in DOCA-Salt Induced Hypertension
Authors: Mondaca-Ruff David , Araos Patricio , Yañez Cristián E. , Novoa Ulises F. , Mora Italo G. , Ocaranza María Paz , Jalil Jorge E. 
Published: October 2021

Background: Thiazides are one of the most common antihypertensive drugs used for hypertension treatment and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is the most frequently used diuretic for hypertension treatment. The Rho/Rho-kinase (ROCK) path plays a key function in cardiovascular remodeling. We hypothesized that in preclinical hypertension HCTZ reduces myocardial ROCK activation and consequent myocardial remodeling. Methods: The preclinical model of deoxycorticosterone (DOCA)-salt hypertension was used (Sprague–Dawley male rats). After 3 weeks, in 3 different groups: HCTZ, the ROCK inhibitor fasudil or spironolactone was added (3 weeks). After 6 weeks myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis, cardiac levels of profibrotic proteins, mRNA levels (RT PCR) of pro remodeling and pro oxidative molecules and ROCK activity were determined. Results: Blood pressure, myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis were reduced significantly by HCTZ, fasudil and spironolactone. In the heart, increased levels of the pro-fibrotic proteins Col-I, Col-III and TGF-β1 and gene expression of pro-remodeling molecules TGF-β1, CTGF, MCP-1 and PAI-1 and the pro-oxidative molecules gp91phox and p22phox were significantly reduced by HCTZ, fasudil and spironolactone. ROCK activity in the myocardium was increased by 54% ( P < 0.05) as related to the sham group and HCTZ, spironolactone and fasudil, reduced ROCK activation to control levels. Conclusions: HCTZ reduced pathologic LVH by controlling blood pressure, hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis and by decreasing myocardial ROCK activation, expression of pro remodeling, pro fibrotic and pro oxidative genes. In hypertension, the observed effects of HCTZ on the myocardium might explain preventive outcomes of thiazides in hypertension, specifically on LVH regression and incident heart failure.
Human allergy to cats: A review for veterinarians on prevalence, causes, symptoms and control
Authors: Sparkes Andrew H 
Published: October 2021

Practical relevance: Human allergy to cats affects a substantial and growing proportion of the global population, and cat allergy is regarded as the third most common cause of human respiratory allergies, and the second most common indoor cause. Veterinarians will frequently encounter owners who are cat-allergic, and having an understanding of this disease and the methods available to help control the allergy will assist them in giving appropriate advice, alongside human healthcare professionals. Aim: The aim of this review is to summarise currently available data on the prevalence, causes, symptoms and control of human allergy to cats. In terms of managing cat allergy, the emphasis is on reviewing current and emerging modalities to reduce environmental exposure to cat allergens rather than on pharmacotherapy or immunotherapy, as it is in these areas in particular that the veterinarian may be able to offer help and advice to complement that of human healthcare professionals. Evidence base: The information in this review is drawn from the current and historical literature on human allergy to cats, and approaches to reduce exposure to cat allergens and manage symptoms of cat allergy.