bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Carbon/Metal Nanostructure with a Combination of 0D Nanoparticles, 1D Nanofibers, and 2D Nanosheets: An Efficient Bifunctional Catalyst for Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Yin Ximeng , Liu Qian , Ding Yichun , Chen Kai , Cai Pingwei , Wen Zhenhai 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMulti‐dimensional hierarchical nanostructures can efficiently promote the mass transportation and electron transfer of electrocatalysts, which can boost the electrocatalytic performance. In this study, we report the design of a hierarchical carbon/metal nanostructure (Co@CNFs) with the combination of 0D cobalt metal nanoparticles, 1D carbon nanofibers, and 2D carbon nanosheets as a bifunctional oxygen reduction/evolution reaction (ORR/OER) catalyst. The Co@CNF catalysts are prepared by using a facile approach of combining electrospinning, impregnation growth of ZIF‐67 nanosheets, and high‐temperature carbonization. Through rationally optimizing the synthesis conditions, including the chemical concentration and carbonization temperature, the optimal catalyst of Co@CNFs‐50‐800 features a hierarchical structure of continuous carbon nanofibers (CNFs)‐anchored carbon nanosheets wrapping Co nanoparticles, which holds decent catalytic activities in term of a half‐wave potential of 0.8 V for the ORR and a potential of 1.54 V for the OER at 10 mA cm−2. A rechargeable Zn‐air battery is set up using the catalyst as the air cathode, which exhibits a high specific capacity of 809 mAh g−1 and a peak power density of 165.5 mW cm−2, as well as a good durability up to 1000 charging‐discharging cycles (>160 h), which is even better than the benchmark Pt/C+RuO2 catalyst. This study provides a rational strategy to design hierarchically nanostructural catalysts to boost the mass transportation and electron transfer of electrocatalytic reactions.
A threshold group signature scheme suitable for the Internet of Things
Authors: Gong Bei , Zhang Xinyi , Cao Yang , Li Zheng , Yang Jia , Wang Wei 
Published: March 2021

SummaryWith the development of information technology, the Internet of Things terminals are vulnerable to threats such as eavesdropping, tampering, and counterfeiting. The application of threshold group signature technology can effectively ensure the security of the system in applications such as battlefield intelligent decision‐making, connected vehicles, and intelligent manufacturing. However, the existing threshold group signature schemes lack the two‐way trusted authentication mechanism between group members and group manager, and group manager can easily become a security risk for the entire signature system. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a threshold group signature scheme based on elliptic curve that achieves mutual authentication of group members and group manager. The security analysis proves that the proposed scheme is anonymous, traceable, and can resist collusion attacks and frame attacks. The results of performance analysis and comparison also show that under the same security strength, the scheme proposed has shorter signature length, lower calculation amount for signature generation and signature verification, which can effectively reduce the communication and calculation overhead of the IoT terminal, and can be better applied to the Internet of Things application scenarios.
Using Cover Crops as an IPM Tool for Managing Hard‐to‐Control Weeds
Authors: Proctor Chris 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWhile herbicides provided an opportunity to expand many important soil conservation practices, overuse of glyphosate and the evolution of glyphosate‐resistant weeds poses one the greatest threats to conservation tillage as it has forced some farmers to revert to conventional tillage for effective weed control. Cover crops have the potential to delay weed emergence, decrease weed size, and decrease weed number. However, the beneficial gains in cover crop–related weed suppression should be considered against the potential trade‐offs with cropping system productivity. This article is the first in the three‐part series in Crops & Soils magazine. It is part of an American Society of Agronomy training series sponsored by the Kellogg Company. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Integrated Pest Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/941.
Thin‐film deposition by combining plasma jet with spark discharge source at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Ussenov Yerbolat A. , Toktamyssova Moldir T. , Dosbolayev Merlan K. , Gabdullin Maratbek T. , Daniyarov Talgat T. , Ramazanov Tlekkabul S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study demonstrates a method for the deposition of CuOx thin films by combining atmospheric pressure plasma jet with spark discharge. In this type of discharge source, the bulk copper material of spark discharge electrodes plays the role of a precursor. Copper atoms and particles go through the physical processes of sputtering, evaporation, and further agglomeration and condensation in the plasma jet and on the substrate. The experiments were carried out with and without a combination of discharges. The material coated on the substrate was studied using a scanning electron microscope, Raman spectroscopy, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The characteristics of the set‐up and plasma, such as I‐V curves, optical emission spectra, and substrate temperature, were also measured. Copper electrodes were examined for erosion by a scanning electron microscope. The results demonstrate that deposits coated by combined discharge show denser and thicker films.
The effect of modulated electric field on characteristic of SDBD‐like plasma jet for surface modification
Authors: Seyfi Pourya , Heidari Amir , Khademi Ahmad , Golghand Mehrdad , Gharavi Marjan , Ghomi Hamid 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the dynamics and flow behaviour of an atmospheric argon plasma jet was studied in the new nozzle structure similar to the surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) using the Schlieren imaging method. The effect of plasma jet driven by repetitive high‐voltage microsecond pulses with low‐frequency sinusoidal bias was measured qualitatively in a single mirror Schlieren optical system. The enhancement of plasma jet length and cross‐section of plasma jet with surface in this condition is due to highly turbulent flow of argon plasma jet in this structure. This study revealed the important role of SDBD structure and modulated electric field on the behaviour of plasma jet in a high diameter nozzle. In practice, this technique allows us to increase the jet length of the nozzle output to 5 cm and under these conditions, the diameter of the plasma jet cross‐section is increased to 8 mm, without increasing the electrical power consumption. Eventually, the hydrophilicity of the surface is also measured by the contact angle of a water droplet that decreases from 78° to 8° after surface treatment, implying we were able to reach a super‐hydrophilic surface with this plasma jet structure.
MHD Eyring–Powell nanofluid past over an unsteady exponentially stretching surface with entropy generation and thermal radiation
Authors: Agrawal Rashmi , Kaswan Pradeep 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study's primary objective is to analyze the entropy generation in an unsteady magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) Eyring–Powell nanofluid flow. A surface that stretched out exponentially induced flow. The influences of thermal radiation, thermophoresis, and Brownian motion are also taken into consideration. The mathematical formulation for the transport of mass, momentum, and heat described by a set of partial differential equation is used, which is then interpreted by embracing the homotopy analysis method and with a fourth‐order precision program (bvp4c). Graphical results display the consequences of numerous parameters on velocity, temperature, concentration, and entropy generation. Moreover, escalating amounts of the magnetic parameter, thermal radiation parameter, Reynolds number, and Brinkman number improve the entropy profile of the nanofluid. The rate of heat flux and the mass flux conspicuously improves for non‐Newtonian fluid as compared to Newtonian fluid.
Long‐term hydrological, biogeochemical, and ecological data for the Kuparuk River, North Slope, Alaska
Authors: Medvedeff Alexander B. , Iannucci Frances M. , Deegan Linda A. , Huryn Alexander D. , Bowden William B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Kuparuk River, located on Alaska's North Slope, is one of the most studied rivers in the Arctic. For nearly 40 seasons, physical, chemical, and biological parameters have been monitored continuously in a 5 km, 4th‐order reach of the river during the short summer season when there is flow in this river. Flow decreases as the tundra begins to refreeze in the late autumn and these streams normally remain frozen until the spring freshet. The monitoring program has supported a 34‐year phosphorus enrichment experiment conducted by the Arctic Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) program. Enrichment with phosphorus dramatically changed the structure and function of the primary producer community in the fertilized reach, with cascading effects in higher trophic levels. The datasets generated by this experiment have revealed significant increases in flow‐weighted mean concentrations of nitrate and significant decreases in flow‐weighted mean concentrations of dissolved organic N and P over time. In this paper, we present an overview of the nutrient concentration, discharge, macroinvertebrate, and Arctic grayling population datasets we have collected. The purposes of these datasets are to track changes resulting from the enrichment experiment, support ancillary research on responses of an Arctic stream to climate warming and permafrost thaw, and to provide input and validation data for models to predict future changes in Arctic streams.
Addition of rituximab in relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia after progression on venetoclax monotherapy
Authors: Handunnetti Sasanka , Anderson Mary Ann , Roberts Andrew W. , Davids Matthew S. , Ma Shuo , Boyer Michelle , Arzt Jennifer , Masud Abdullah Al , Popovic Relja , Jacobson Amanda , Kim Su Y. , Seymour John F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVenetoclax is approved as monotherapy and in combination with rituximab for relapsed/refractory (R/R) chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Two Phase 1 studies (M12‐175 [NCT01328626]; M13‐365 [NCT01682616]) were conducted in which patients who initially responded and then progressed on venetoclax monotherapy could receive added rituximab. Ten patients were evaluated (M12‐175, n = 8; M13‐365, n = 2), and five (50%) responded again upon addition of rituximab, including three complete and two partial responses. Responses were ongoing after 5–10 months of follow‐up. Addition of rituximab was well tolerated. These findings indicate potential clinical benefit with rituximab added to venetoclax post‐progression in some patients with R/R CLL.
Programmable Random Lasing Pulses Based on Waveguide‐Assisted Random Scattering Feedback
Authors: Bian Yaoxing , Xue Hanyi , Wang Zhaona 
Published: March 2021

AbstractProgrammable random lasing pulses are highly desired due to their promising applications in information security, flexible encoding systems, and smart imaging. However, the fixed random scattering configuration hinders their realization. Herein, a programmable random laser is designed to dynamically regulate random lasing pulses through introducing an external waveguide structure with random scattering feedback. Liquid and solid film random lasers are thus separately achieved. Most importantly, various pulse time series of random lasing can be flexibly realized by switching the adhesion/separation state between the gain and the destroyed waveguide structure. The Feinam coding system is further realized for encryption and information transmission by combining programmable random pulses. The results may widely expand the application prospects of random lasers in the fields of optical data recording, dynamic security labels, smart sensing, and flexible imaging.
Ultrasmall FeS2 Nanoparticles‐Decorated Carbon Spheres with Laser‐Mediated Ferrous Ion Release for Antibacterial Therapy
Authors: Xi Juqun , An Lanfang , Huang Yaling , Jiang Jian , Wang Yanqiu , Wei Gen , Xu Zhilong , Fan Lei , Gao Lizeng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRecent progress in nanotechnology and the ancient use of sulfur in treating dermatological disorders have promoted the development of nano‐sulfides for antimicrobial applications. However, the variable valences and abundant forms of nano‐sulfides have complicated investigations on their antibacterial activity. Here, carbon nanospheres (CNSs) with decoration of ultrasmall FeS2 nanoparticles (CNSs@FeS2) is synthesized, and their antibacterial ability and mechanism are explored. The CNSs@FeS2 released Fe2+ and sulfur ions simultaneously through dissolution and disproportionation. In vitro study indicated that the released Fe2+ killed bacteria by increasing the oxidative state of bacterial surfaces and intracellular molecules. Importantly, the released sulfur exhibited a protective effect on Fe2+, ensuring the stable existence of Fe2+ to continuously combat bacteria. Moreover, the carbon shells of CNSs@FeS2 not only prevented the aggregation of FeS2 but also accelerated the release of Fe2+ through photothermal effects to achieve synergistic hyperthermia/Fe2+ therapy. In vivo experiments indicated that treatment with CNSs@FeS2 resulted in a marked reduction in bacterial number and improvement in survival in an acute peritonitis mouse model, and antibacterial wound experiments demonstrated high efficacy of CNSs@FeS2‐enabled synergistic hyperthermia/Fe2+ therapy. Thus, this study clarifies the antibacterial mechanism of FeS2 and offers a synergetic therapeutic platform with laser‐mediated Fe2+ release for antibacterial applications.
Species delimitation with distinct methods based on molecular data to elucidate species boundaries in the Cycas taiwaniana complex (Cycadaceae)
Authors: Feng Xiu‐Yan , Wang Xin‐Hui , Chiang Yu‐Chung , Jian Shu‐Guang , Gong Xun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAccurately delimiting species boundaries is of critical importance in many areas of biology including population genetics, conservation biology, biogeography, and evolutionary biology because inaccurate species delimitation may significantly affect downstream inferences. The Cycas taiwaniana complex consists of six morphologically similar taxa (C. changjiangensis, C. fairylakea, C. hainanensis, C. lingshuigensis, C. szechuanensis, C. taiwaniana) that are distributed throughout a narrow region of South China. The members of this complex and the taxonomic status of their names have long been debated. In this study, combining morphological characteristics, we employed three distinct approaches to delimit species: haplotype phylogeny delimitation, Bayesian coalescent species delimitation (BPP), and population cluster analyses. To delimitate the species boundaries within the C. taiwaniana complex, we used 4 plastid intergenic spacers (cpDNA), 4 nuclear genes (nDNA) and 10 microsatellites. All three approaches revealed the presence of two distinct species in the C. taiwaniana complex under the unified species concept, C. taiwaniana and C. szechuanensis, largely corresponding to morphological differentiation. Cycas fairylakea was a synonym for C. szechuanensis, and the other three taxa were synonyms for C. taiwaniana. Species delimitation using molecular data was consistent with our preliminary morphological inference. This study thus optimally resolved the species boundaries and taxonomic treatment of the C. taiwaniana complex from an integrated perspective using multiple sources of molecular data and distinct analytical approaches.
A dark clue to seesaw and leptogenesis in a pseudo-Dirac singlet doublet scenario with (non)standard cosmology
Authors: Konar Partha , Mukherjee Ananya , Saha Abhijit Kumar , Show Sudipta 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We propose an appealing alternative scenario of leptogenesis assisted by dark sector which leads to the baryon asymmetry of the Universe satisfying all theoretical and experimental constraints. The dark sector carries a non minimal set up of singlet doublet fermionic dark matter extended with copies of a real singlet scalar field. A small Majorana mass term for the singlet dark fermion, in addition to the typical Dirac term, provides the more favourable dark matter of pseudo-Dirac type, capable of escaping the direct search. Such a construction also offers a formidable scope to radiative generation of active neutrino masses. In the presence of a (non)standard thermal history of the Universe, we perform the detailed dark matter phenomenology adopting the suitable benchmark scenarios, consistent with direct detection and neutrino oscillations data. Besides, we have demonstrated that the singlet scalars can go through CP-violating out of equilibrium decay, producing an ample amount of lepton asymmetry. Such an asymmetry then gets converted into the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe through the non-perturbative sphaleron processes owing to the presence of the alternative cosmological background considered here. Unconventional thermal history of the Universe can thus aspire to lend a critical role both in the context of dark matter as well as in realizing baryogenesis.
Five-dimensional non-Lorentzian conformal field theories and their relation to six-dimensions
Authors: Lambert N. , Lipstein A. , Mouland R. , Richmond P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe study correlation functions in five-dimensional non-Lorentzian theories with an SU(1,3) conformal symmetry. Examples of such theories have recently been obtained as Ω-deformed Yang-Mills Lagrangians arising from a null reduction of six-dimensional superconformal field theories on a conformally compactified Minkowski space. The correlators exhibit a rich structure with many novel properties compared to conventional correlators in Lorentzian conformal field theories. Moreover, identifying the instanton number with the Fourier mode number of the dimensional reduction offers a hope to formulate six-dimensional conformal field theories in terms of five-dimensional Lagrangian theories. To this end we show that the Fourier decompositions of six-dimensional correlation functions solve the Ward identities of the SU(1,3) symmetry, although more general solutions are possible. Conversely we illustrate how one can reconstruct six-dimensional correlation functions from those of a five-dimensional theory, and do so explicitly at 2- and 3-points. We also show that, in a suitable decompactification limit Ω→0, the correlation functions become those of the DLCQ description.
Superspace formulation of exotic supergravities in six dimensions
Authors: Cederwall Martin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We provide a linearised superfield description of the exotic non-metric N = (4, 0) supergravity in D = 6, by using a pure spinor superfield formalism. The basic field Ψ is a ghost number 2 scalar, transforming in the same R-symmetry module as the tensor fields. Partial results for the N = (1, 3) model are presented.
γδ T Lymphocytes in Asthma: a Complicated Picture
Authors: Zarobkiewicz Michał K. , Wawryk-Gawda Ewelina , Kowalska Wioleta , Janiszewska Mariola , Bojarska-Junak Agnieszka 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA minor subset (approximately 5%) of peripheral T cells has their TCR build up from γ and δ chains instead of α and β—those are the γδ T lymphocytes. They can be functionally divided into subsets, e.g., Th1-, Th2-, Th9-, Th17-, Tfh-, and Treg-like γδ T cells. They share some specifics of both innate and adaptive immunity, and are capable of rapid response to a range of stimuli, including some viral and bacterial infections. Atopic diseases, including asthma, are one of major health-related problems of modern western societies. Asthma is one of the most common airway diseases, affecting people of all ages and having potential life-threatening consequences. In this paper, we review the current knowledge about the involvement of γδ T cells in the pathogenesis of asthma and its exacerbations. We summarize both the studies performed on human subjects as well as on the murine model of asthma. γδ T cells seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of asthma, different subsets probably perform opposite functions, e.g., symptom-exacerbating Vγ1 and symptom-suppressing Vγ4 in mice model of asthma.
SDLV: Verification of Steering Angle Safety for Self-Driving Cars
Authors: Wu Huihui , Lv Deyun , Cui Tengxiang , Hou Gang , Watanabe Masahiko , Kong Weiqiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSelf-driving cars over the last decade have achieved significant progress like driving millions of miles without any human intervention. However, behavioral safety in applying deep-neural-network-based (DNN based) systems for self-driving cars could not be guaranteed. Several real-world accidents involving self-driving cars have already happened, some of which have led to fatal collisions. In this paper, we present a novel and automated technique for verifying steering angle safety for self-driving cars. The technique is based on deep learning verification (DLV), which is an automated verification framework for safety of image classification neural networks. We extend DLV by leveraging neuron coverage and slack relationship to solve the judgement problem of predicted behaviors, and thus, to achieve verification of steering angle safety for self-driving cars. We evaluate our technique on the NVIDIA’s end-to-end self-driving architecture, which is a crucial ingredient in many modern self-driving cars. Experimental results show that our technique can successfully find adversarial misclassifications (i.e., incorrect steering decisions) within given regions if they exist. Therefore, we can achieve safety verification (if no misclassification is found for all DNN layers, in which case the network can be said to be stable or reliable w.r.t. steering decisions) or falsification (in which case the adversarial examples can be used to fine-tune the network).
A new minimally invasive technique for the repair of diastasis recti: a pilot study
Authors: Manetti Gabriele , Lolli Maria Giulia , Belloni Elena , Nigri Giuseppe 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Diastasis recti is an abdominal wall defect that occurs frequently in women during pregnancy. Patients with diastasis can experience lower back pain, uro-gynecological symptoms, and discomfort at the level of the defect. Diastasis recti is diagnosed when the inter-rectus distance is > 2 cm. Several techniques, including both minimally invasive and open access surgical treatment, are available. Abdominoplasty with plication of the anterior rectus sheath is the most commonly used, with the major limitation of requiring a wide skin incision. The new technique we propose is a modification of Costa’s technique that combines Rives–Stoppa principles and minimally invasive access using a surgical stapler to plicate the posterior sheaths of the recti abdominis.

Methods
It is a fully laparoscopic technique. The pneumoperitoneum is induced from a sovrapubic trocar, placed using an open access technique. The posterior rectus sheath is dissected from the rectus muscle using a blunt dissector to create a virtual cavity. The posterior sheets of the recti muscles are plicated using an endo-stapler. A mesh is then placed in the retromuscular space on top of the posterior sheet without any fixation. Using a clinical questionnaire, we analyzed the outcomes in 74 patients who underwent minimally invasive repair for diastasis of the rectus abdominis sheath.

Results
Seventy-four patients (9 men and 65 women) were treated using this technique. Follow-up was started two months after surgery. All procedures were conducted successfully. There were no major complications or readmissions. No postoperative infections were reported. There were two recurrences after six months. There was a significant reduction in symptoms.

Conclusions
This new method is feasible and has achieved promising results, even though a longer follow-up is needed to objectively assess this technique.