bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute diffuse thyroid swelling after fine‐needle aspiration: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Imaoka Kouki , Nishihara Masahiro , Nambu Junko , Yamaguchi Megumi , Kawasaki Yukari , Sugino Keizo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is the first‐line and a cost‐effective examination method of nonfunctional thyroid nodules. Acute transient thyroid swelling after an FNA is a rare complication, and to date, only 14 cases have been reported in the English literature. Herein, we report a case of a 26‐year‐old woman with acute transient thyroid swelling, which occurred after an ultrasound‐guided FNA of a thyroid nodule. Although the patient had undergone an FNA without complication 2 years previously, the second FNA caused acute thyroid swelling. The present case emphasizes the potential risk of acute thyroid swelling associated with every FNA procedure.
Comparative taxonomic variation in fruits and seeds' surface morphology among populations of alpine Rosa sericea complex (Rosaceae)
Authors: Ullah Fazal , Gao Yundong , Jiao Rui‐Fang , Gao Xin‐Fen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this research, the fruits and seeds' surface morphological features and their taxonomic significance were determined. Additionally, useful traits for delimitation of taxa of Rosa sericea complex were studied. In this research, three taxa of the complex R. sericea, R. omeiensis, and R. sikangensis have been studied. A total of 41 populations and 130 specimens of seeds, and 35 populations and 168 specimens of fruits from 10 different geographical regions of southwest China have been examined. The surface micro‐morphological characters of the seeds have been studied through scanning electron microscopy to distinguish important characteristics of the complex taxa. Forty‐four different qualitative and quantitative characteristics were observed. Principal component analysis was used to simplify and elucidate the relationship between the studied characters of different population based on the morphology of fruits and seeds' features. Moreover, the numerical taxonomic characters and their variation with elevation have been studied in these species. The most interesting characters observed on the surface of the seeds were stomata, and trichomes, for which density was more at the dorsal and ventral parts, while rarely present on the lateral parts. The fruits and seeds' surface morphology of the studied species was complicated and some variation in the characters, that is, persistent calyx shape, the shape of fruits and seeds, stomata shape, and trichomes size were found significant for delimitation of taxa in the complex. The purpose of this study is to identify the taxa of R. sericea complex based on fruits and seeds' morphological characters, and identification keys.
Morphological and histological studies of the adrenal gland in the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)
Authors: El‐Desoky Sara M. M. , Mustafa Fatma El‐Zahraa A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe adrenal gland is a vital endocrine gland that secretes many important hormones in everyday bird life. The adrenal gland of the Japanese quail is grossly located ventromedially the corresponding kidney and has a creamy to yellow color. The quail gland is surrounded by a capsule and contains some ganglionic cells, and the capsule is characterized by the presence of chromaffin cells. The adrenal gland is subdivided into three concentric zones: subcapsular, peripheral, and central. The parenchyma consists of interrenal tissue, chromaffin islets, and blood sinusoids. The interrenal cells contain lipid droplets, are arranged in cords, and rest on the basement membrane. Chromaffin cells are categorized as two types: epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) cells. These cells contain the granules, and are characterized by the presence of lipid droplets. In this study, the interrenal tissue was found to have a higher proportion of chromaffin cells in quail as compared with other birds, which is attributed to the fact that the Japanese quail is a migratory bird. Therefore, the present investigation aims to provide a detailed study on the adrenal gland in the Japanese quail to help physiologists understand the gland's function and the pathologist to determine the implications for the differential diagnosis of adrenal gland tumors.Highlights
The adrenal gland is subdivided into three concentric zones: subcapsular, peripheral, and central.
The interrenal cells contain lipid droplets, are arranged in cords.
Chromaffin cells are categorized as two types: epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) cells. These cells contain the granules, and are characterized by the presence of lipid droplets.
The interrenal tissue was found to have a higher proportion of chromaffin cells in quail because it is a migratory bird.
Histology of the small intestine in the common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus): A scanning electron microscopy, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and stereological study
Authors: Goodarzi Nader , Akbari Bazm Mohsen , Poladi Sadra , Rashidi Fatemeh , Mahmoudi Bahareh , Abumandour Mohamed M. A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe present investigation was conducted to investigate the histology, immunohistochemistry, stereology, and ultrastructure of the small intestine in the common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Ten birds were included in the study. The obtained findings revealed that three parts in the small intestine namely duodenum, jejunum, and ilium constituted of four layers from innermost to outermost including tunica mucosa, tunica submucosa, tunica muscularis, and tunica serosa. All parts of the small intestine had simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells reacted with Periodic Acid‐Schiff and Alcian Blue stains especially in the jejunum and ileum. The cells on the tip of the duodenal villi showed immuno‐positive staining for Sox9 protein, while the jejunum and ileum were negative. The jejunum had longest villi; however the duodenum had deepest crypt (p < .05). The villus surface of jejunum was significantly higher than duodenum and ileum (p < .05). SEM images revealed that the duodenum had cauliflower and leaf‐like villi with plicas and recess between them. Jejunum had finger‐like villi with a velvety view. The shape of the ileal villi was like that observed in the jejunum with slight differences. In conclusion, the jejunum was the most prominent region in the small intestine in terms of morphologic and morphometric features, which could be attributed to the absorption of more nutrients in this area. These obtained findings would be useful to improve the knowledge in the field of histophysiology properties of the bird's digestive system.
Histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular investigation on the hepatotoxic effect of potassium dichromate and the ameliorating role of Persea americana mill pulp extract
Authors: Aboulhoda Basma Emad , El‐Din Shimaa Saad , Khalifa Mohamed Mansour , Arsanyos Sherif Fahmy , Motawie Ahmed Galal , Sedeek Mohamed Shahat , Abdelfattah Gaber Hassan , Abdelgalil Waleed Ahmed 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe current study has been designed to assess the role of Persea americana (P. americana) pulp extract on potassium dichromate‐induced hepatotoxicity in rats. P. americana pulp extract administration improved the hepatic vascular congestion, blood extravasation, inflammatory cellular infiltration, Kupffer cell hyperplasia, and nuclear changes. It also significantly ameliorated hepatic interstitial and peri‐portal fibrosis and caused retrieval of the PAS‐positive reaction in the liver parenchyma and around the central vein with restoration of the glycogen granules. P. americana also significantly attenuated the immunohistochemical expression of NF‐kβ p65 and its downstream inflammatory cytokines IL6 and TNFα in the liver parenchyma. The antioxidant effect of P. americana was evidenced by significant modulation of the three major components of the thioredoxin (Trx) antioxidant system, the Trx, the thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase along with significant increase in the level of superoxide dismutase and glutathione, and decrease in the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde. P. americana pulp extract also caused significant elevation of hepatic protein phosphatase 5 with subsequent down‐regulation of Apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase1 (ASK1) and its downstream signaling targets MAPK kinase 4 (MKK4), p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinases (p38‐MAPKs), the c‐JUN N‐terminal kinase (JNK), and the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2). Also, In conclusion, P. americana pulp extract has anti‐oxidative and anti‐inflammatory effects against potassium dichromate‐induced hepatotoxicity.
Microscopic techniques to evaluate the biofilm formation ability of a marine bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa PFL‐P1 on different substrata
Authors: Mahto Kumari Uma , Das Surajit 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBiofilm formation in bacteria is strongly affected by the nature of substrata. Different substrata such as glass, polystyrene, steel, ceramic, and rubber were used to assess the biofilm forming ability of a marine bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa PFL‐P1 using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). The bacterium formed dense biofilms with varied aggregation on different substrata. SEM study revealed small rod‐shaped cells with diverse arrangements within the biofilms on all the substrata under study. The AFM study revealed the highest roughness of 545 nm on the ceramic substratum. The biofilms formed on ceramic substratum were characterized with maximum roughness (742 nm), maximum peak height (1,480 nm), and maximum arithmetic mean height (611 nm), significantly higher than all the other substrata (p < .05). AFM studies confirmed that P. aeruginosa PFL‐P1 exhibited biofilm heterogeneity on all the substrata. The CLSM study indicated a higher fraction of nucleic acids to α‐polysaccharides ratio in the biofilms. COMSTAT analysis revealed the highest biofilm biomass of ~18 μm3/μm2 on the ceramic substratum. The maximum biofilm thickness of ~50 μm in the native state on the ceramic substratum was significantly higher than glass (p = .0015), polystyrene (p = .0001), steel (p = .0035), and rubber substrata (p = .0001). The higher surface roughness of ceramic substratum is accountable for more area for colonization, as evident from higher biomass and thickness of the biofilm. This study provides insight into the substratum properties, which modulate the biofilm forming ability in bacteria.
Role strain and role accumulation across multiple teams: The moderating role of employees' polychronic orientation
Authors: Berger Stefan , Bruch Heike 
Published: April 2021

SummaryIn many firms and industries, it is the norm rather than the exception to work in more than one team at the same time. Despite increased research interest in recent years, we do not fully understand when such multiple team membership (MTM) is “good” or “bad” for employees' perceptions of stress and exhaustion. In this article, we integrate the person–job fit framework with opposing views of the role theory literature (i.e., role strain and role accumulation) to propose that an employee's personal reaction to working in multiple simultaneous teams decisively depends on his or her polychronic orientation. We expect that individual MTM is related to increased role efficacy, but not to role stress, for employees with higher (rather than lower) polychronic orientation, thus reducing the perception of emotional exhaustion. The opposite pattern is hypothesized for multiteamers with lower polychronic orientation. We find support for the proposed conditional indirect effects in a sample of 341 German employees. Our findings highlight an employee's polychronic orientation as a stable and context‐independent contingency factor in the MTM–exhaustion linkage and hold important implications for organizations, as well as individual employees, who seek to deal more effectively with role multiplicity in MTM settings.
More than idle talk: Examining the effects of positive and negative team gossip
Authors: Spoelma Trevor M. , Hetrick Andrea L. 
Published: April 2021

SummaryGossip is a behavior that has been traditionally viewed as harmful in organizations. However, a more balanced perspective has emerged in recent years that suggests gossip can have important benefits. We propose that one way to uncover potential benefits of gossip in teams is to focus on thevalence(positive or negative nature) of the gossip. Drawing on expectancy theory, we propose that team gossip indirectly influences team performance through social loafing because it plays a key role in shaping beliefs about effort in team contexts‐effects determined by team gossip valence. We hypothesize that positive team gossip decreases social loafing, whereas negative team gossip increases it. In turn, we expect that through social loafing, positive team gossip has a positive indirect effect on team performance, whereas negative team gossip has a negative indirect effect. We test these predictions in a sample of 63 self‐managing teams. We find support for our predictions regarding positive team gossip but not regarding negative team gossip. Our findings point to the potential benefits of gossip and highlight why efforts to abolish gossip in organizations may impair team effort and performance.
Characterization of silver carp myosin glycated with phosphorylated konjac oligo‐glucomannan
Authors: Zhang Jianyou , Zhou Wei , Xu Mingjiang , Fang Chunhua , Du Qiwei , Xu Xia , Lyu Fei , Ding Yuting , Liu Jianhua 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDMyosin (Ms) is abundant in fish meat, but it has limited application in the food industry because of its low solubility and thermal stability. Our previous reports found that these functional properties of Ms can be significantly improved after glycation with konjac oligo‐glucomannan (KOG). However, the effects of phosphorylated KOG (PKOG) on physicochemical, structural and functional properties of silver carp Ms are still unknown.RESULTSThis study characterized the silver carp Ms protein glycated with PKOG at 50 °C and 75% relative humidity for 48 h. As degree of phosphorylation increased, free amino content increased, whereas degree of grafting decreased. Meanwhile, isoelectric point (pI) reduced, however, PKOGs showed no differences in pI. Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis suggested the formation of glycoconjugates, and scanning electron microscopy revealed thinner flakes and uneven appearance of glycoconjugates. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that the amide I, II and III bands of Ms were changed by the glycation. Ms became highly soluble in 0.5 mol L−1 NaCl with increased phosphate addition in PKOGs. Thermal stability of Ms was effectively improved when heated at 80 °C for 60 min.CONCLUSIONGlycation with appropriate PKOG might be a promising method for Ms modification because of the resulting improvement in solubility and thermal stability. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Is the growth of marine copepods limited by food quantity or quality?
Authors: Anderson Thomas R. , Hessen Dag O. , Mayor Daniel J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUnderstanding what limits the growth of marine copepods is important for modeling food web dynamics and biogeochemical cycles in the ocean. We use a state‐of‐the‐art stoichiometric model that explicitly represents metabolic physiology to examine the roles of food quantity vs. quality in limiting the growth of these animals. The model predicts that the crossover from C‐ to N‐limitation occurs at food C : N 7.3–11.5 mol C mol N−1, depending on food quantity. Thus, despite significant losses of N in metabolism, copepods should be limited by C when consuming food at Redfield C : N (6.625). We nevertheless suggest that copepods do not seek C‐rich diets per se. Rather, results indicate limitation by food quantity as growth increases with organic matter intake, regardless of its elemental composition. Our work highlights the benefit of developing mechanistic representations of zooplankton metabolism in order to increase confidence in the predictions of biogeochemical models.
Aliphatic Polyester‐Based Materials for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Chin Ai Lin , Wang Xiaoqian , Tong Rong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPoly(lactic acid) (PLA) and its copolymer, poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA), based aliphatic polyesters have been extensively used for biomedical applications, such as drug delivery system and tissue engineering, thanks to their biodegradability, benign toxicity, renewability, and adjustable mechanical properties. A rapidly growing field of cancer research, the development of therapeutic cancer vaccines or treatment modalities is aimed to deliver immunomodulatory signals that control the quality of immune responses against tumors. Herein, the progress and applications of PLA and PLGA are reviewed in delivering immunotherapeutics to treat cancers.
An Open‐Label Phase 2a Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of Perampanel in Cervical Dystonia
Authors: Fox Susan H. , Swan Matthew , Jinnah Hyder A. , de Freitas Maria E.T. , de Oliveira Lais M. , Al‐Shorafat Duha , Fernandez Hubert H. , Kompoliti Katie , Comella Cynthia 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundCervical dystonia (CD) is the most common focal isolated dystonia. Preclinical studies report that AMPA‐selective glutamate receptor antagonists improve dystonia. Perampanel is a clinically available, AMPA receptor antagonist that has shown efficacy and safety in epilepsy.ObjectivesTo determine safety and tolerability of perampanel in CD.MethodsWe performed a phase 2a, open‐label, multicenter study to evaluate tolerability and safety of perampanel in CD. Included subjects had primary CD; those on botulinum toxin were 8 weeks post last injection. All subjects received perampanel 2 mg/day, titrated 2 mg weekly over 6 weeks, to maximum 12 mg/day; maintenance phase was 4 weeks, ending at week 10. Primary endpoints included tolerability, defined as ability to remain on perampanel for the maintenance period, at any dose level and safety, determined from adverse events (AEs) collected at each visit. Secondary exploratory endpoints included Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS), quality of life (cervical dystonia impact profile [CIDP]‐58) and Clinical Global Impression of change (CGI).ResultsCD participants (n = 25) were recruited. Eight subjects withdrew; 4 because of AEs, 3 for other reasons and 1 lost to follow up. One subject tolerated 12 mg/day. Eight subjects (30.8%) tolerated 2 mg, whereas 19.2% tolerated 4 mg/day, and 15.4% tolerated 6 mg or 8 mg/day. All subjects experienced AEs. The most common AEs were dizziness, imbalance, and irritability. Exploratory endpoints of TWSTRS showed some improved pain scores and CIDP‐58 improved sleep.ConclusionsTolerability to perampanel was variable in CD subjects. Lower doses would be considered for future studies in this population.
Disappointment aversion in tournaments
Authors: Wu Yaoyao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMany experiments and field studies indicate that individuals have an asymmetric attitude towards gains versus losses. In this paper, we extend the canonic tournament model by assuming the workers' preferences exhibit disappointment aversion. First, we find the winning prize is first increasing and then decreasing in volatility and the losing prize shows the opposite. Furthermore, when the volatility exceeds a threshold, both the winning and losing prizes are reduced to zero. By contrast, there is no such kink for the risk aversion case. Finally, we find the piece rates always dominate rank‐order tournaments when the workers are disappointment averse.
Concomitant Medication Usage with Levodopa‐Carbidopa Intestinal Gel: Results from the COSMOS Study
Authors: Fasano Alfonso , Gurevich Tanya , Jech Robert , Kovács Norbert , Svenningsson Per , Szász József , Parra Juan Carlos , Bergmann Lars , Johnson Anita , Sanchez‐Soliño Olga , Tang Zhongwen , Vela‐Desojo Lydia 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundLevodopa‐carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) is administered directly to the small intestine of patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (APD) to help maintain stable plasma levodopa levels.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the effect of LCIG in reducing polypharmacy for the treatment of APD.MethodsThe COmedication Study assessing Mono‐ and cOmbination therapy with levodopa‐carbidopa inteStinal gel (COSMOS) is a large, real‐world, multinational observational study investigating comedication use with LCIG. All enrolled patients had used LCIG for ≥12 months and data were collected cross‐sectionally (study visit) and retrospectively. The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients using LCIG as monotherapy (without add‐on PD medications) at initiation and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months thereafter.ResultsOverall, 409 patients were enrolled from 14 countries and were treated with LCIG for a mean of 35.8 ± 23.2 months. A total of 15.2% of patients initiated LCIG as monotherapy and 31.7% were receiving monotherapy at 12 months after initiation. The mean duration of LCIG monotherapy was 39.3 ± 25.6 months. Use of add‐on medications decreased over time with all LCIG regimens. From LCIG initiation to the patient visit, mean off time decreased by 3.8, 4.6, and 3.9 hours/day for LCIG monotherapy, LCIG daytime monotherapy, and LCIG polytherapy groups, respectively, while duration of dyskinesia decreased by 1.7, 2.0, and 1.9 hours/day, respectively. Adverse events likely related to study treatment occurred in 112 patients (27.4%) during LCIG treatment.ConclusionsLCIG is an effective long‐term monotherapy option with a positive risk–benefit profile and contributes to reduced polypharmacy for patients with APD. © 2021 The AbbVie Inc. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society