bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct DNA Methylation Patterns of Rheumatoid Arthritis Peripheral Blood and Synovial Tissue T Cells
Authors: Ai Rizi , Boyle David L. , Wang Wei , Firestein Gary S. 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveTo study epigenetic patterns in T lymphocytes that accumulate in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium, we characterized DNA methylation of CD3+ T cells in peripheral blood and synovial tissue in patients with RA and osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsGenomic DNA of CD3+ T cells was isolated from patients with RA (n = 8) and OA (n = 5) from blood or the synovium at the time of an arthroplasty using antibodies and magnetic beads. Methylation was measured by using the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC Kit. Differentially methylated loci (DML) and differentially methylated genes (DMGs) were identified by using Welch’s t‐test. Principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering, and pathway analysis were used to determine relationships among groups.ResultsWhen we compared DNA methylation of CD3+ T cells between peripheral blood and synovial tissue within each disease, 4615 and 164 DML were identified in RA and OA samples, respectively, resulting in 832 and 36 DMGs. A principal component analysis showed that methylation differences in T cells were greater on the basis of on location (blood vs synovium) rather than disease (RA vs OA). Differentially modified pathways were significantly enriched between RA blood and synovial T cells, especially in genes related to complement, integrin cell surface interactions, and the P53 pathway. The limited number of DMGs identified between OA blood and synovial T cells did not conform to biologic pathways.ConclusionThe patterns of DNA methylation in RA show location‐specific differences related to immune pathways, whereas methylation differences in OA are limited. The RA joint‐specific signatures could be due to selective accumulation of T‐cell populations or expansion of differentially marked adaptive immune cells. Understanding epigenetic patterns could provide clues to the types of T cells that accumulate in the RA joint and identify potential therapeutic targets.
Injection of ROS‐Responsive Hydrogel Loaded with Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor into the Pericardial Cavity for Heart Repair
Authors: Li Zhenhua , Zhu Dashuai , Hui Qi , Bi Jianing , Yu Bingjie , Huang Zhen , Hu Shiqi , Wang Zhenzhen , Caranasos Thomas , Rossi Joseph , Li Xiaokun , Cheng Ke , Wang Xiaojie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMyocardial infarction, among other ischemic heart diseases, is the major cause of mortality and morbidity for patients who have heart diseases. Timely reperfusion of the ischemic myocardium is the most effective way to treat myocardial infarction. However, blood reperfusion to the ischemic tissues leads to an overproduction of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can further exacerbate myocardial damage on top of ischemic injury. ROS has been used as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury and as an environmental stimulus to trigger drug release. In this study, a ROS‐sensitive cross‐linked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel is synthesized to deliver basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) for myocardial repair. The therapeutic gel is injected into the pericardial cavity. Upon delivery, the hydrogel spread on the surface of the heart and form an epicardiac patch in situ. In a rat model of I/R injury, bFGF released from the gel could penetrate the myocardium. Such intervention protects cardiac function and reduces fibrosis in the post‐I/R heart, with enhanced angiomyogenesis. Furthermore, the safety and feasibility of minimally invasive injection and access into the pericardial cavity in both pigs and human patients are demonstrated.
Fe2+‐Induced In Situ Intercalation and Cation Exsolution of Co80Fe20(OH)(OCH3) with Rich Vacancies for Boosting Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: He Junying , Liu Yanbo , Huang Yucheng , Li Hao , Zou Yuqin , Dong Chung‐Li , Wang Shuangyin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe efficiency of water splitting is largely hindered by the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction. Cobalt‐based (oxy)hydroxides are promising electrocatalysts, but their performance is still under the expected goal due to the restricted active sites and intrinsic activity. Herein, Co80Fe20(OH)(OCH3) (CoFeMe) is synthesized with intercalation and rich vacancies by a cation exsolution process in a one‐step solve‐thermal reaction. With the help of the Fe incorporation, the specific surface area of CoFeMe increases to 101.6 m2 g−1, which is six times that of Co(OH)(OCH3) (CoMe) (16.5 m2 g−1). Also, the induced rich vacancies are traced in the X‐ray absorption spectra of CoFeMe. Because of the synergistic effect between the intercalation, Fe incorporation and vacancies, the overpotential of CoFeMe is only 240 mV to drive the current density to 10 mA cm−2, which is reduced 110 mV compared with that of pristine CoMe (350 mV).
Hydrogen‐Powered Microswimmers for Precise and Active Hydrogen Therapy Towards Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Wang Shuanghu , Liu Kun , Zhou Quan , Xu Cong , Gao Junbin , Wang Zhen , Wang Fei , Chen Bin , Ye Yicheng , Ou Juanfeng , Jiang Jiamiao , Wilson Daniela A. , Liu Shuwen , Peng Fei , Tu Yingfeng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBiodegradable microswimmers offer great potential for minimally invasive targeted therapy due to their tiny scale, multifunctionality, and versatility. However, most of the reported systems focused on the proof‐of‐concept on the in vitro level. Here, the successful fabrication of facile hydrogen‐powered microswimmers (HPMs) for precise and active therapy of acute ischemic stroke is demonstrated. The hydrogen (H2) generated locally from the designed magnesium (Mg) microswimmer functions not only as a propellant for motion, but also as an active ingredient for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation scavenging. Due to the continuous detachment of the produced H2, the motion of the microswimmers results in active H2 delivery that allows for enhanced extracellular and intracellular reducibility. With the help of a stereotaxic apparatus device, HPMs were injected precisely into the lateral ventricle of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats. By scavenging ROS and inflammation via active H2, MCAO rats exhibit significant decrease in infarct volume, improved spatial learning and memory capability with minimal adverse effects, demonstrating efficient efficacy on anti‐ischemic stroke. The as‐developed HPMs with excellent biocompatibility and ROS scavenging capability holds great promise for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke or other oxidative stress induced diseases in clinic in the near future.
Modifying Surface Termination of CsPbI3 Grain Boundaries by 2D Perovskite Layer for Efficient and Stable Photovoltaics
Authors: Liu Tiantian , Zhang Jie , Qin Minchao , Wu Xin , Li Fengzhu , Lu Xinhui , Zhu Zonglong , Jen Alex K.‐Y. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIt is highly desirable for all‐inorganic perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) to have reduced nonideal interfacial charge recombination in order to improve the performance. Although the construction of a 2D capping layer on 3D perovskite is an effective way to suppress interfacial nonradiative recombination, it is difficult to apply it to all‐inorganic perovskites because of the resistance of Cs+ cesium ions in cation exchange reactions. To alleviate this problem, a simple approach using an ultra‐thin 2D perovskite to terminate CsPbI3 grain boundaries (GBs) without damaging the original 3D perovskite is developed. The 2D perovskite at the GBs not only enhances the charge‐carrier extraction and transport but also effectively suppresses nonradiative recombination. In addition, because the 2D perovskite can prevent the moisture and oxygen from penetrating into the GBs and at the same time suppress the ion migration, the 2D terminated CsPbI3 films exhibit significantly improved stability against humidity. Moreover, the devices without encapsulation can retain ≈81% of its initial power conversion efficiency (PCE) after being stored at 40 ± 5% relative humidity for 84 h. The 2D‐based champion device exhibits a high PCE of 18.82% with a high open‐circuit voltage of 1.16 V.
Tensegrity Metamaterials: Toward Failure‐Resistant Engineering Systems through Delocalized Deformation
Authors: Bauer Jens , Kraus Julie A. , Crook Cameron , Rimoli Julian J. , Valdevit Lorenzo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFailure of materials and structures is inherently linked to localized mechanisms, from shear banding in metals, to crack propagation in ceramics and collapse of space‐trusses after buckling of individual struts. In lightweight structures, localized deformation causes catastrophic failure, limiting their application to small strain regimes. To ensure robustness under real‐world nonlinear loading scenarios, overdesigned linear‐elastic constructions are adopted. Here, the concept of delocalized deformation as a pathway to failure‐resistant structures and materials is introduced. Space‐tileable tensegrity metamaterials achieving delocalized deformation via the discontinuity of their compression members are presented. Unprecedented failure resistance is shown, with up to 25‐fold enhancement in deformability and orders of magnitude increased energy absorption capability without failure over same‐strength state‐of‐the‐art lattice architectures. This study provides important groundwork for design of superior engineering systems, from reusable impact protection systems to adaptive load‐bearing structures.
Stabilizing Fullerene for Burn‐in‐Free and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells under Ultraviolet Preconditioning and Light Soaking
Authors: Hang Pengjie , Xie Jiangsheng , Kan Chenxia , Li Biao , Zhang Yiqiang , Gao Pingqi , Yang Deren , Yu Xuegong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIt is crucial to make perovskite solar cells sustainable and have a stable operation under natural light soaking before they become commercially acceptable. Herein, a small amount of the small molecule bathophenanthroline (Bphen) is introduced into [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester and it is found that Bphen can stabilize the C60‐cage well through formation of much more thermodynamically stable charge‐transfer complexes. Such a strengthened complex is used as an interlayer at the in‐light perovskite/SnO2 side to achieve a champion device with efficiency of 23.09% (certified 22.85%). Most importantly, the stability of the resulting devices can be close to meeting the requirements of the International Electrotechnical Commission 61215 standard under simulated UV preconditioning and light‐soaking testing. They can retain over 95% and 92% of their initial efficiencies after 1100 h UV irradiation and 1000 h continuous illumination of maximum power point tracking at 60 °C, respectively.
Increased Efficiency of Current‐Induced Motion of Chiral Domain Walls by Interface Engineering
Authors: Guan Yicheng , Zhou Xilin , Ma Tianping , Bläsing Robin , Deniz Hakan , Yang See‐Hun , Parkin Stuart S. P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMagnetic racetrack devices are promising candidates for next‐generation memories. These spintronic shift‐register devices are formed from perpendicularly magnetized ferromagnet/heavy metal thin‐film systems. Data are encoded in domain wall magnetic bits that have a chiral Néel structure that is stabilized by an interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction. The bits are manipulated by spin currents generated from electrical currents that are passed through the heavy metal layers. Increased efficiency of the current‐induced domain wall motion is a prerequisite for commercially viable racetrack devices. Here, significantly increased efficiency with substantially lower threshold current densities and enhanced domain wall velocities is demonstrated by the introduction of atomically thin 4d and 5d metal “dusting” layers at the interface between the lower magnetic layer of the racetrack (here cobalt) and platinum. The greatest efficiency is found for dusting layers of palladium and rhodium, just one monolayer thick, for which the domain wall's velocity is increased by up to a factor of 3.5. Remarkably, when the heavy metal layer is formed from the dusting layer material alone, the efficiency is rather reduced by an order of magnitude. The results point to the critical role of interface engineering for the development of efficient racetrack memory devices.
Spray‐Painted Hydrogel Coating for Marine Antifouling
Authors: Yang Jiapeng , Xue Bin , Zhou Yanyan , Qin Meng , Wang Wei , Cao Yi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBiofouling is a longstanding problem for biomedical devices, food storage, and marine equipment. Traditional antifouling strategies involve the use of biocidal agents, low surface‐energy surface, and nanopatterned coatings. Recent studies show that hydrophilic surfaces are also promising for antifouling by directly reducing the adhesion of proteins and polysaccharides. However, it remains challenging to stably and conveniently coat nonadhesive hydrophilic polymers to various surfaces in high density. Especially, for marine antifouling, large‐area painting of hydrophilic polymer coatings is susceptible to low adhesion strength, inhomogeneous surface coverage, and short durability. Here, a paintable antifouling hydrogel coating is proposed to overcome these limitations. An epoxy midcoat layer is introduced to provide both strong noncovalent adhesion to various surfaces and covalent linkages to hydrogel layers. The 3D hydrogel layers provide homogenous, relatively low Young's modulus and dense surface coverage and therefore shows outstanding antifouling properties toward various proteins, polysaccharides, seaweeds, and oil. Moreover, this hydrogel coating degrades slowly in sea water and facilitates the release of fouling biomolecules and organisms. Considering the great antifouling and fouling release properties, convenient coating processes, and high adhesion strength, this novel paintable antifouling hydrogel coating is anticipated to be broadly applicable for marine antifouling and other relevant fields.
Drug Delivery (Nano)Platforms for Oral and Dental Applications: Tissue Regeneration, Infection Control, and Cancer Management
Authors: Makvandi Pooyan , Josic Uros , Delfi Masoud , Pinelli Filippo , Jahed Vahid , Kaya Emine , Ashrafizadeh Milad , Zarepour Atefeh , Rossi Filippo , Zarrabi Ali , Agarwal Tarun , Zare Ehsan Nazarzadeh , Ghomi Matineh , Kumar Maiti Tapas , Breschi Lorenzo , Tay Franklin R 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe oral cavity and oropharynx are complex environments that are susceptible to physical, chemical, and microbiological insults. They are also common sites for pathological and cancerous changes. The effectiveness of conventional locally‐administered medications against diseases affecting these oral milieus may be compromised by constant salivary flow. For systemically‐administered medications, drug resistance and adverse side‐effects are issues that need to be resolved. New strategies for drug delivery have been investigated over the last decade to overcome these obstacles. Synthesis of nanoparticle‐containing agents that promote healing represents a quantum leap in ensuring safe, efficient drug delivery to the affected tissues. Micro/nanoencapsulants with unique structures and properties function as more favorable drug‐release platforms than conventional treatment approaches. The present review provides an overview of newly‐developed nanocarriers and discusses their potential applications and limitations in various fields of dentistry and oral medicine.
Quantum Disordered State of Magnetic Charges in Nanoengineered Honeycomb Lattice
Authors: Yumnam George , Chen Yiyao , Guo Jiasen , Keum Jong , Lauter Valeria , Singh Deepak Kumar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA quantum magnetic state due to magnetic charges is never observed, even though they are treated as quantum mechanical variables in theoretical calculations. Here, the occurrence of a novel quantum disordered state of magnetic charges in a nanoengineered magnetic honeycomb lattice of ultra‐small connecting elements is demonstrated. The experimental research, performed using spin resolved neutron scattering, reveals a massively degenerate ground state, comprised of low integer and energetically forbidden high integer magnetic charges, that manifests cooperative paramagnetism at low temperature. The system tends to preserve the degenerate configuration even under large magnetic field application. It exemplifies the robustness of disordered correlation of magnetic charges in a 2D honeycomb lattice. The realization of quantum disordered ground state elucidates the dominance of exchange energy, which is enabled due to the nanoscopic magnetic element size in nanoengineered honeycomb. Consequently, an archetypal platform is envisaged to study quantum mechanical phenomena due to emergent magnetic charges.
Earthworm density differences among tallgrass prairies over time in the Ozark Highlands
Authors: Hensley Carlee , Brye Kristofor R. , Savin Mary C. , Gbur Edward E. , Wood Lisa S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTo mitigate the loss of tallgrass prairies through fragmentation and conversion to other land uses, prairie restoration efforts have been undertaken to reclaim areas that have been previously used for agricultural production. Earthworms are a key component of the soil ecology of natural, undisturbed ecosystems. However, limited research exists on earthworm populations in prairie restorations and how earthworm densities may change over time. The objectives of this study were (a) to evaluate earthworm densities in the upper 20 cm of soil over time (i.e., May 2007 and May 2019) in a native prairie and chronosequence of three prairie restorations (i.e., established in 1979, 2000, and 2002), and (b) to identify relationships between earthworm (i.e., juvenile, adult, and total) density and soil physical and chemical properties. Juvenile (P = .03) earthworm density decreased 25 and 35% and total (P = .03) earthworm density decreased by 33 and 42% in the 2000 and 2002 restorations, respectively, from May 2007 to May 2019. Adult earthworm density did not change over time (P > .05) in any prairie ecosystem. Combined across prairie sites, adult earthworm density was positively correlated (P < .05) with sand content (r = .49) and pH (r = .49) and negatively correlated (P < .05) with silt (r = –.56) and sulfur content (r = –.47). To promote earthworm densities similar to native prairies, consideration should be given to numerous soil properties for a successful restoration.
Is starter phosphorus fertilizer necessary for corn grown on Atlantic Coastal Plain soils?
Authors: Fiorellino Nicole M. , Kratochvil Robert J. , Shober Amy L. , Coale Frank J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractProducers managing Coastal Plain soils in Maryland have reported visual symptoms of P deficiency in corn (Zea mays L.) grown on soils with P concentrations above the agronomic optimum range (e.g., 40–84 mg kg–1 Mehlich 3‐extractable phosphorus [M3P]). Yet, corn yield response to starter P fertilizer on soils with M3P concentrations above this range has not been consistently demonstrated in the literature. The objective of this study was to evaluate corn yield response to application of starter P fertilizer to soils with varying M3P concentrations. This study was conducted at three locations in Maryland where, following 14 yr of phytoremediation by continuous cropping and no P applications, M3P concentrations ranged from 34 to 237 mg kg–1 in soil samples collected from plots prior to study commencement. Beginning in 2015, half of each main plot received inorganic P application prior to corn planting in 3 yr, with corn yield measured in each split plot in each year. We observed no interaction effect of starter P fertilizer and soil P category on corn yield at any location. When the data were analyzed by site‐year, we observed no interaction effect, an effect of soil P category in 5 of 9 site‐years, and a yield response to starter fertilizer in 2 of 9 site‐years, with a positive yield response in 1 site‐year and a negative yield response in the other. Based on these results, we do not recommend Mid‐Atlantic farmers invest in starter P fertilization for corn grown on Coastal Plain soils when not recommended by soil testing.
Short‐term biochar effects on greenhouse gas emissions and phosphorus availability for maize
Authors: Zenero M. D. O. , Novais S. V. , Balboni B. , Barrili G. F. C. , Andreote F. D. , Cerri C. E. P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDue to environmental issues, many methods of exploiting renewable natural resources are alternatives to reduce the dependence on non‐renewable agricultural inputs. Phosphate fertilization on weathered tropical soil and waste reuse, for example, requires better management strategies. Thus, biochar from organic residues can be a strategy to reduce pressure on natural resources, in addition to having the potential to mitigate climate change. This study aimed to evaluate the availability of P in tropical soils from the interaction of biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the aboveground and root systems of the plant and its impact on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The results indicated that the addition of biochar was an alternative for C sequestration and GHG mitigation, causing no damage to the plant. The applied biochar amount had, for the most part, emission equal to or less than the control treatment (soil only). The sugarcane straw biochar (BCS) showed higher emissions, mainly in the presence of P and AMF. Biologically speaking, there was no significant effect in the presence of mycorrhizae. However, with regard to plant production, treatments where mycorrhizae were inoculated, longer and wider leaves were found. In the production of maize (Zea mays L.) plant material (aboveground and root), the upper and lower values were related to the poultry manure biochar (BPM) , and the presence of P, the values were lower, indicating that, for the good development of the plant, only the presence of the biochar is sufficient, without requiring the addition of phosphate fertilizer.