bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan dan Pemamfaatan Desain Pembelajaran Tematik Terpadu Berbasis Model ASSURE di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Wahyuni Shinta Sri , Solfema Solfema 
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan Research and Development (R & D). Penelitian pengembangan ini dirancang pada pembelajaran tematik terpadu kurikulum 2013 bertujuan untuk menghasilkan penelitian berbasis model ASSURE. Siswa kelas IV SD Negeri 06 Teluk Bayur Kota Padang adalah subjek penelitian ini. Produk pengembangan yang dihasilkan adalah Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP). Hasil penelitian pengembangan desain pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model ASSURE : (1) Hasil Validitas RPP yang dikembangkan valid dengan hasil uji ahli isi yaitu 94,56% dengan kualifikasi sangat valid. (2) Kriteria kepraktisan dari respon guru 91,67% dan respon peserta didik 92.81%. (3) Kriteria kefektifan dari keterlaksanaan RPP yaitu 98.12%. (4) Hasil observasi aktivitas peserta didik yaitu 94,88% berada pada kualifikasi sangat baik, dan hasil belajar peserta didik menunjukkan persentase masing-masing komponen dari aspek sikap sebesar 94.31%, pengetahuan yaitu 81.82%, dan keterampilan yaitu 82.14%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa pengembangan dan pemanfaatan desain pembelajaran pembelajaran tematik terpadu berbasis model ASSURE telah dinyatakan valid, praktis, dan efektif.
DETERMINAN AKUNTABILITAS KINERJA INSTANSI PEMERINTAH : STUDI PADA PEMERINTAH KOTA PEKANBARU
Authors: Hayani Sri , Julita Julita 
Published: April 2021

The study aimed to determine :the influence of budget goal clarity, government official competence, internal control, and obedience to the laws and regulations on the performance accountability of government agencies.The population in this study is 43 OPD’s Pekanbaru City. In this study, the sample used was 32 OPD with a total 96 respondents using purposive sampling method. This study uses primary data by distribusing questionnaires. The analytical method used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis. The analycal tool used in this study is software SPSS version 25.0. The results of this study indicate datebudget goal clarity influences on the performance accountability of government agencies, government official competence influences on the performance accountability of government agencies,internal control influences on the performance accountability of government agencies, obedience to the laws and regulationsinfluenceson the performanceaccountability of government agencies.
PENGUNGKAPAN LINGKUNGAN PERUSAHAAN: DITINJAU DARI MANAJEMEN LABA DAN MEKANISME TATA KELOLA PERUSAHAAN YANG BAIK
Authors: Rahmadani Kurnia , Darlis Edfan , Kurnia Pipin 
Published: April 2021

The objective of this study is to analyze the influence of earnings management and good corporate governance mechanisms towards corporate environmental disclosure (CED). Good corporate governace mechanisms are measured by the proportion of independent board, the number of audit committee meetings and the size of audit committee. Earnings management is measured by the modified discreationary accrual Jones model. The population of this study is mining, plantation and manufacturing companies listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2015-2017 . The sample of this study was selected with a purposive sampling concept. The company has 5 mining companies, 12 plantation companies and 65 manufacturing companies companies that meet the criteria. Hypothesis testing is carried out using panel data regression method, with a statistical test tool used, namely Eviews 10.The results of this study indicate that the proportion of independent board have a significant effect on the disclosure of corporate environmental on the level significant 0,05, the number of audit committee meetings have a significant effect on the disclosure of corporate environmental on the level significant 0,00 and the size of audit committee have a significant effect on the disclosure of corporate environmental on the level significant 0,03 in Indonesian mining, plantation and manufacturing companies. Meanwhile, earnings management do not affect the disclosure of corporate environmental have a significant effect on the disclosure of corporate environmental on the level significant 0,92 in Indonesian mining, plantation and manufacturing companies.
Application of Morishita Spread Index to temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of landslides in Shanxi and Gansu provinces of China
Authors: Wenqiang Luo , Zhuoyuan Zhang , Runqiu Huang 
Published: April 2021

Morshita Spread Index Iδ was applied for the study of temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of landslides in the Shanxi and Gansu provinces of China. For this purpose, the landslides larger than 105 m3 in volume were considered. In the study area, the spatial distribution of Morishita Spread Index Iδ (l) isgreater than 1 and decreases with increasing mesh scale.
Such a trend indicates cluster distribution of landslides. On the other hand, the temporal distribution of Morishita Spread Index Iδ (t) for the above landslides showed a maximum and a minimum, corresponding to the years with high frequency of landslide occurrence.
Landslide and flood hazard index for mountain roads an example from the Stura di Demonte Valley, Italy
Authors: Barisone G. , Onori A. 
Published: April 2021

Road alignments in mountainous areas are subject to heavy damage due to rockslides and floods. The rehabilitation and maintenance works that would be necessary to solve these problems are very costly.
In this paper, the authors present methodology for obtaining, in relatively short time, a sufficiently detailed thematic map in which road alignment is subdivided into segments corresponding to different hazard degrees. As an example for such methodology, a 30 km long stretch of the road alignment in the Stura di Demonte Valley (Piedmont, Northwestern Italy) was chosen. The geomechanical characteristics of rock and soil in the area were obtained at the beginning. Major landslide phenomena (mostly rockfalls and debris flows) damaging the road alignment were located. A qualitative hazard index (Hi) was then calculated by taking into account such factors as affected road length, type and dimensions of the landslide, soil properties, and vegetation.
Major hazards from rivers result from potential floods, which may overflow or erode road structures and destroy bridges and minor crossings. Firstly, the maximum discharge of rivers in the study area was calculated using various hydrological methods. Secondly, river expansion limits were evaluated. Historical data on past flood levels were considered during this process. During the high floods, malfunctioning of brides and other crossing structures can often have very serious consequences. The efficiency level of such structures, therefore was judged, taking their down-flowing section into consideration. For each structure, a comparison between estimated maximum river discharge and allowable discharge level (function of bridge and riverbed characteristics) determines the adequacy index (Ai).
Results of analysis of both flood and landslide hazard were then synthesised in the final hazard map, which shows with simple graphic symbols and an intuitive colour range (in order to allow easy consultation by non-experts), the most important hazard factors, pertinent protection works, and resulting hazard degrees for roads, bridges, and other structures.
Role of extreme meteorological anomalies in initiating the Darbang Landslide, Dhaulagiri Himal, Western Nepal
Authors: Ibetsberger Horst J. , Weidinger Johannes T. 
Published: April 2021

A catastrophic landslide occurred at midnight of 20 September 1988 at a small village of Darbang (1130 m above mean sea level) in western Nepal. The village is situated approximately 40 km northwest of the district capital Baglung. Farmhouses spread out on both sides of the Myagdi Khola, a main tributary of the Kali Gandalki River.
An overly steep and more than 800 m high northern flank of a mountain collapsed spontaneously. Approximately 5 million m3 of the displaced material blocked the valley of the Myagdi Khola and dammed the river for 6 hours. The eventual breakup of the landslide dam caused extreme flooding in the lower reaches. Many houses of Darbang, particularly on the right bank of the Myagdi Khola, were destroyed. More than 100 persons lost their lives. This catastrophic event could be interpreted as a revisit of the devastating landslide of 1926, which killed more than 500 villagers.
Diverse lithology (phyllites, schists, and quartzites), presence of the MCT in the vicinity, extremely high relief; and environmental degradation (e.g., deforestation), are regarded as the primary causative factors of the Darbang Landslide.
Yet the decisive factor behind the massive landslide of 1988 was the unique meteorological situation of that year. The meteorological data show that, during the pre-monsoon months of April, May, and June 1988, the maximum temperature was 2° C higher than the average for the decade. Monthly precipitation measured in May and June of 1988 showed the totals respectively 37% and 24% below the decade-average. It led to extreme aridity in the period preceding the onset of the seasonal monsoons. Soils dried out and deep cracks were formed in this process. During the heavy summer rainfall of 1988 the cracks functioned as conduits of water. The bedrock contained numerous fractures and joints, through which the .vater seeped deep into it. Extremely heavy precipitation in August, with rainfall of up to 17% above the decade-average, aggravated this delicate situation. In the first half of September 1988 precipitation peaked. These meteorological conditions, coupled with the already saturated bedrock, and deteriorated natural vegetation lead to the collapse of the mountain flank.
Primary causative factors and environmental degradation over a longer period were underlying reasons for the initial weakening of the site, but the unique weather situation in 1988 was the main trigger of this catastrophic event.
An assessment of soil loss and natural hazards in Nepal
Authors: Shiwakoti Dinesh R. 
Published: April 2021

This paper briefly reviews the status of soil erosion in Nepal, and examines the major causes and factors leading to soil erosion and mass movements. There are the following four major mechanisms associated with soil loss: a) surface soil erosion, b) landslide and debris flow, c) earthquake, and d) glacier lake outburst flood.
Effective methods for investigating, analysing, identifying, and implementing the critical factors for protecting accelerated soil loss in a planned manner are essential from the grass roots to national and international levels.
Risk of flood to the light of global climate change in Northeastern Argentina
Authors: Popolizio Eliseo 
Published: April 2021

During the 20th century, several catastrophic pluvial and fluvial floods took place over the northeastern region of Argentina. These disastrous floods caused great damage worth hundreds of millions of US dollars. The rehabilitation programme was supported by regional economies. The idea of this paper is to point out the risks of greater floods as a consequence of the global climatic change.
The experiences obtained from the palaeogeomorphological research, historical data over the regional rivers, and the climatic and environmental changes are taken into account in this research.
The record of the geomorphological study of the region strongly suggests that in past epochs, different wet and dry periods occurred with the global climate change, especially in the Quaternary Period. It is possible to infer that the region is very sensitive to these changes and anthropogenic action. On the other hand, environmental and climatic conditions show a tendency of tropicalising the area. In this case, consequences are unpredictable if the processes are evolving rapidly.
It is possible to observe that after the 1960's, the characteristics of the fluvial courses are changing. The changes are in the direction of the maximum and minimum amplitudes with the same mean values. Besides, the frequency of large floods has increased from the 1960’s. The Parana River, the largest fluvial course of the region, serves as a model for the propositions mentioned above. This is because we have historical records from 1748 on high flood levels and hydrometrical measurements from 1900. The northeastern region is a very vast and flat plain with an inefficient drainage system. This physical framework induces pluvial flooding, which covers millions of hectares. True catastrophes develop when pluvial and fluvial floods coincide. The record of overflows has a recurrence period of less than 50 years. This strongly suggests a very high risk. In the 21st century, it is very probable that flooding phenomena greater than known will occur. But no mitigation measures are planned to face them.
Mid-1997 tidal surge of Bay of Bengal at Digha on the East Coast of India: Its damage evaluation and mitigation
Authors: Acharyya A. , Sengupta B. , Ghosh R. N. 
Published: April 2021

The sea resort of Digha (21° 37' N: 87° 31' E) on the east coast of India runs the risk of natural disasters due to frequent development of atmospheric depressions in the bay of Bengal. A 3.7 km sea-wall (brick/concrete/boulder embankment) was built long back to protect the ENE-WSW coastline of this sea resort from erosion vis-a-vis wave action.
An unusual tidal surge struck the Digha coast on 20 August 1997 causing extensive damage to the seawall, various structures within CRZ-11 and natural landscape. The Geological Survey of India (GSI) studied the cause and effect of this natural calamity. A deep depression was formed in the northern Bay of Bengal and the eye of anticlockwise circulation of wind from east to west became incremental with the attainment of minimum atmospheric pressure at the coast. The maximum wind speed was at 8:30 in the morning of 20 August 1997, which was second lunar day next to the full moon, and the highest spring tide was anticipated at 10:00. Besides, this was a period of autumn equinoctial tides when maximum tide raising forces were expected. This highest spring tide coupled with the easterly high velocity wind and prevailing longshore current of the sea towards ENE resulted in abnormal tidal surges for nearly one hour on 20 August 1997 (around 10:00). The sea at Digha otherwise attains an average of highest wave-crest height ranging between 3.5 m and 4.0 m above msl. The plunging breakers were reported to have risen that day 10 a wave crest height of about 6.4 m above msl and they overtopped the seawall upper level having 5.4 m of average Reference Level. About 378 million litres of seawater spilled over the wall and returned to the sea in just one hour's time by breaking the wall in the weak zones and adjoining structures. Geological parameters, measured in the natural selling of beach-coastline dunes, revealed marked changes in the magnitude of beach dimensions; lowering of beach front dune top by 2.46 m and erosion of the beach surface by 0.65 m constitute the direct fall out of this tidal surge.
The GSI recommended both short- and long-term mitigation measures to minimise effects of such natural disasters. These included, interalia, a design of an ideal seawall with three consecutive foundation piles and one seaside sheet pile: lined drains to ease the surface runoff especially in case of overtopping by surges; provision for landslide filter drain and seaside geotextile apron, and systematic network of sewerage.
As of now, the largely damaged part of the sea-wall has been newly laid by a 28.0 m wide concrete: ramp with 2.44 m deep sheet pile in the seaward side. Lined surface drain and impermeable filter drain of clay have been constructed behind the seawall. Raising of vertical height of the sea-wall and laying of sewerage network have also commenced. In addition, the proposal of laying geotextile mat in the unrestored part of the wall is on the anvil.
Groundwater pollution in the city of Zahedan, Eastern Iran
Authors: Lashkaripour G. R. 
Published: April 2021

Zahedan, with a population of about 500,000, lies in the most arid area of Eastern Iran, close to Pakistan border. This city has shown the highest rate of population grown among the big cities of the country in the last two decades. Groundwater is the sole water source for the city. It is provided from an aquifer with an area of 120 km2. Groundwater pollution and problems in water supply appear to be the main factors preventing the sustainable economic development of the city . The quality of groundwater has deteriorated sharply since last several years owing to the following main factors.
(1) Groundwater pumping has exceeded natural recharge in the Zahedan watershed since 1980, and groundwater level in the city has been declining because of low yearly rainfall (Precipitation in the Zahedan watershed averages 95 mm per year, mainly in the winter).
(2) The city population is growing fast, especially after 1980, and the aquifer pollution by human activities is serious.
(3) Uncontrolled and unplanned development of the city in the western part over the aquifer that is providing fresh water has led to the problem of overexploitation and further groundwater pollution .
At present, a massive federal project for the construction of 191 km long pipeline is in progress. It will fulfill the public demand of drinking water by bringing water from the Chahnimah Reservoir that is fed by the Hirmand River.
Geochemistry and petrogenesis of Bandal basic rocks, Himachal Pradesh, NW Himalaya: implications for evolution of Proterozoic Lesser Himalayan basin
Authors: Rashid S. A. , Sharma Kewal K. 
Published: April 2021

The Proterozoic Bandai basic rocks, exposed in the Kulu-Rampur window, Lesser Himalaya, Himachal Pradesh, indicate two distinct (high-Ti and low-Ti) magma types. The majority of the basalts are characterised by high TiO2 (> 2wt %), Ti/Y, Ti/Zr, TiO2/K2O, and low Rb/Sr ratios. They are enriched with high-field-strength (HFS) elements (Nb, Zr, Ti) relative to low-field-strength (LFS) incompatible elements (K, Rb). The low-Ti basalts are characterised by low TiO2 (< 2 wt%), Ti/Y and Ti/Zr, and high Rb/Sr and Rb/Ba ratios. The common factors of the Bandai basic rocks are their quartz-normative compositions and continental tholeiitic characteristics with Nb/La always less than 1. The compositional variations in the basalt types cannot simply be explained in terms of a declining extent of crustal contamination of an asthenosphere-derived melt with time, and instead it seems that the two magma types evolved from distinct parental magmas by various degrees of partial melting. Although some of the characteristics of the basalts (especially high-Ti rocks), like low Mg number (~30) and high concentrations of some of the LFS incompatible elements point towards assimilation and fractional crystallization process, large variations in the incompatible element ratios like Ti/Y, Ti/Zr, Rb/Sr, and Nb/La provide evidence for the derivation of these rocks through variable degrees of partial melting from an enriched mantle source.
Furthermore, the Bandai basic rocks, apart from field settings, are geochemically similar to other Proterozoic basic bodies like the Rampur volcanics, Mandi- Darla volcanics, Garhwal volcanics, and Bhimtal- Bhowlai volcanics of the Lesser Himalaya. This widespread Proterozoic continental tholeiitic magmatism over an area of 170,000 km2 in the Lesser Himalaya provides an evidence of plume activity in the region.
Geology of the Kharidhunga-Thokarpa area, Central Nepal, Lesser Himalaya
Authors: Dahal Ranjan Kumar , Adhikary Prakash Chandra 
Published: April 2021

In the Kharidhunga-Thokarpa area, the rocks of Lower Nawakot Group are exposed. The lowermost unit of the study area is the Kuncha Formation. It is composed of a more than 2,500 m thick monotonous sequence of grey to green phyllite, quartzite, and 'gritty' phyllite. Green-grey quartzite is seen in the upper part of the formation. Small (0.5 mm) garnets of brown colour occur in the upper part of the formation. The Fagfog Quartzite has a sharp contact with the underlying Kuncha Formation and consists of fine- to coarse-grained pure white quartzite with thin to very thin bands of grey and green phyllite. The Dandagaon Phyllite follows the Fagfog Quartzite and contains mainly thin bands of grey-green and dark grey phyllite. The Nourpul Formation is separated from the underlying Dandagaon Phyllite by a yellow quartzite band. The Nourpul Formation consists of dark grey carbonaceous slate and phyllite with some intercalations of calcareous phyllite and calcareous quartzite in the upper part. The augen gneiss, granitic gneiss, and banded gneiss are found within the Nourpul Formation mainly in the eastern part of the study area. The Dhading Dolomite overlies the Nourpul Formation and is found mainly around the Kharidhunga area as wavy and massive beds and lenses of dolomite, magnesite, and talc with sporadic quartzite bands. The rock is highly fractured and crystalline. The Pheda Khola and Ghane Khola Faults have a significant control on the landscape of the study area.
The Quaternary deposits of the Kharidhunga area are classified into the Balephi, Thumpakhar, Dandapakhar, Bonch, Rolekharka, and Dangdunge Formations, respectively from bottom to top. Of which, the first two formations correspond to debris flow and river channel deposits, whereas the remaining ones represent the deposits of retreating glacier. Generally, the cohesion and plasticity of these sediments increases with their increasing geological age.
Hydrogeochemical characteristics of the Ozancik hot spring, Canakkale, Turkey
Authors: Pehlivan Rustem 
Published: April 2021

This investigation was carried out to determine the hydrogeochemical characteristics of the Ozancik hot spring. The study area is located about 15 km southwest of the town of Can, Canakkale. During the investigation, a geological map of the hot spring and its surroundings was prepared, and hot water and rock samples were collected from the study site. The Palaeogene-Neogene andesite, trachyandesite, andesitic tuff, silicified tuff, and tuffites form the basement rocks and they are overlain by the Quaternary alluvial deposits.
The chemical analysis of hot water indicates that it is rich in SO42-(575 ppm), Cl-(193.2 ppm), HCO3-(98.5 ppm), Na+(315 ppm), K+(7.248 ppm). Ca2+(103 ppm), Mg2+(0.274 ppm), and SiO2(43.20). The distribution of ions in the hot water on the Schoeller diagram has an arrangement of r(Na++K+)>rCa2+>rMg2+and r(SO42-)>rCl->r(HCO3-). In addition, the inclusion of Fe2+, Cu2+, Cr3+, Mn2+, Ni2+ and Hg2+ in the hot water samples indicates potential natural inorganic contamination.
The water analysis carried out following the ICPMS-200 technique was evaluated according to the World Health Organization and Turkish Standards. The utilisation and the effects of the hot water on human health are also discussed in the paper.