bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile Synthesis of Quaternary α-Fluoronitriles by Cobalt-Catalyzed Hydrocyanation of Monofluoroalkenes
Authors: Wang Xi-Sheng , Li Yanlin , Cui Ru , Wu Tian-Rui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn exclusively regioselective hydrocyanation of monofluoroalkenes has been developed, with which a series of aliphatic quaternary α-fluoronitriles were synthesized in a facile and efficient manner. This novel method is featured with mild conditions, good functional groups compatibilities, and high reactivity.
Effect of Accelerated Aging on the Sorption and Solubility Percentages of Silicone Facial Prostheses
Authors: Nóbrega Adhara Smith , Neto Clóvis Lamartinede Moraes Melo , dos Santos Daniela Micheline , Bertoz André Pinheirode Magalhães , MeloMoreno André Luiz de , Goiato Marcelo Coelho 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of accelerated aging on the sorption and solubility percentages of the MDX4-4210 and A-2186 silicones.
Materials and Methods Two silicones (A-2186 and MDX4-4210) and three intrinsic pigments (bronze, black, and pink) were used in this study. Thus, six groups were created (n = 10): Group 1 = bronze MDX4-4210; Group 2 = black MDX4-4210; Group 3 = pink MDX4-4210; Group 4 = bronze A-2186; Group 5 = black A-2186; and Group 6 = pink A-2186. The dimensions of all samples were the same (45-mm diameter (ø) × 1-mm thickness). The samples were aged for a total of 1,008 hours. In this period of 1,008 hours of accelerated aging, the sorption and solubility percentages of each sample were calculated at three time points (252, 504, and 1,008 hours).
Statistical Analysis Three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey test were performed (α = 0.05).
Result Accelerated aging can significantly increase the sorption and solubility percentages of the MDX4-4210 and A-2186 silicones.
Another Piece of the Puzzle of Anomalous Connectivity in Joubert's Syndrome
Authors: Meoded Avner , Kukreja Marcia , Orman Gunes , Boltshauser Eugen , Huisman Thierry A.G.M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe report on the conventional and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) findings of a 2-year-old child with clinical presentation of Joubert's Syndrome (JS) and brainstem structural abnormalities as depicted by neuroimaging.Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a “molar tooth” configuration of the brainstem. A band-like formation coursing in an apparent axial plane anterior to the interpeduncular fossa was noted and appeared to partially cover the interpeduncular fossa.DTI maps and three-dimensional (3D) tractography demonstrated a prominent red-encoded white matter bundle anterior to the midbrain. Probable aberrant course of the bilateral corticospinal tracts (CST) was also depicted. Absence of the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncles and elongated thickened, horizontal superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP) reflecting the molar tooth sign were also shown.Our report and the review of the published cases suggest that DTI and tractography may be very helpful to differentiate between interpeduncular heterotopias and similarly located white matter bundles corroborating the underlying etiology of axonal guidance disorders in the complex group of ciliopathies including JS. Our case represents an important additional puzzle piece to explore the variability of these ciliopathies.
Sleep Disorder: An Overlooked Manifestation of Glucose Transporter Type-1 Deficiency Syndrome
Authors: Anurat Kingthong , Khongkhatithum Chaiyos , Tim-Aroon Thipwimol , Limwongse Chanin , Thampratankul Lunliya 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGlucose transporter type-1 deficiency syndrome (Glut1 DS) is a rare disorder with various manifestations. Early diagnosis is crucial because treatment with the ketogenic diet can lead to clinical improvement. Here, we report the cases of two siblings with Glut1 DS and one of them presented with sleep disorder which is a rare and atypical manifestation of Glut1 DS. Patient 1 was a 3.5-year-old boy who presented with paroxysmal loss of tone and weakness of the whole body with unresponsiveness after waking up. He also had excessive daytime sleepiness, insomnia, and restless sleep. His other clinical findings included focal seizures, paroxysmal exercise-induced dyskinesia (PED), ataxia, mild global developmental delay, and hyperactivity. Patient 2 was a 5.5-year-old boy who presented with drug-resistant focal epilepsy, global developmental delay, paroxysmal dystonia, and ataxia. A novel heterozygous nonsense variant of SLC2A1, c.1177G > T (p.Glu393*), classified as a pathogenic variant, was identified in both patients, but not in their parents' blood. After treatment with the modified Atkins diet, their neurological functions significantly improved. In conclusion, we reported two siblings with variable phenotypes of Glut1 DS with a novel nonsense mutation. Although sleep disorder and daytime somnolence were the nonclassical manifestations of Glut1 DS, the diagnostic evaluation of possible Glut1 DS in patients presented with daytime sleepiness, particularly in cases with the cooccurrence of seizures or movement disorders should be considered.
A new torsion tester based on an electronic autocollimator for characterizing the torsional behaviors of microfibers
Authors: Hu Jianhui , Zeng Liang , Hu Peng , He Yuming , Liu Dabiao 
Published: October 2021

Torsional properties of single fibers have considerable effects on the performance of fabrics. A new torsion tester with high resolution is developed based on the torsion-balance method and the autocollimation principle for measuring the torsional properties of single fibers. The tester can measure the torque accurately using the torsion wire of known torsional rigidity. The angular displacement of the torsion wire is measured by a non-contact electronic autocollimator. The calibration results show that the maximum torque capability is around 6 × 10−6 N m with a theoretical resolution of about 8 × 10−11 N m. The instrument’s validity is verified by comparing the measurement result with that obtained by a torsion pendulum. Torsion tests on four industrially microfibers, including glass fiber, polyimide fiber, carbon fiber, and gold wire, are performed with the tester, which gives shear moduli 71.0 ± 0.4, 5.6 ± 0.1, 22.6 ± 3.1, and 34.3 ± 0.5 GPa, respectively. Young’s moduli of these fibers are also provided. It is demonstrated that these fibers have a high anisotropy in mechanical properties.
A micro-vibration apparatus for dynamic mechanical analysis of ultrathin polymer films
Authors: Bai Pei , Xiao Yuhan , Yang Weiqing , Duan Mobin , Guo Yunlong 
Published: October 2021

We present the design and validation of an apparatus, which is developed based on micro-vibration in cyclic bulge and contraction, to determine dynamic mechanical properties of ultrathin polymer films. By controlling air pressure acting on a polymer membrane, the apparatus exerts simple harmonic or other type periodic stresses on the film, and the resultant real-time deformation of the freely standing film is recorded by using a high-speed CCD camera. From the image frame sequences and the gas pressure data, the real-time stress and strain of the polymer film are attained. Consequently, the dynamic mechanical properties, including biaxial storage and loss moduli, and loss factor can be determined for polymer films with thickness down to 20 nm. This apparatus could also be used to determine other mechanical properties such as fatigue and yield for nanoconfined films of soft matter.
Catalysis of hydrogen evolution on Pt(111) by absorbed hydrogen
Authors: Wei Jie , He Zheng-da , Chen Wei , Chen Yan-Xia , Santos Elizabeth , Schmickler Wolfgang 
Published: October 2021

The activity of Pt(111) electrodes for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in 0.5M H2SO4 solution is found to increase with continuous potential cycling in the HER potential region. In addition, the basic cyclic voltammograms obtained in 0.5M H2SO4 saturated with N2 after HER show several characteristic changes: the current waves for hydrogen adsorption in the region of0.2 &lt; E &lt; 0.35 V and for sulfate adsorption at 0.35 &lt; E &lt; 0.5 V decrease and the current spike at 0.44 V for the phase transition of the sulfate adlayer gradually disappears. We suggest that these changes are caused by the absorption of a small amount of hydrogen in the subsurface layer and propose a mechanism by which this enhances hydrogen evolution.
Soil chemistry determines whether defensive plant secondary metabolites promote or suppress herbivore growth
Authors: Hu Lingfei , Wu Zhenwei , Robert Christelle A. M. , Ouyang Xiao , Züst Tobias , Mestrot Adrien , Xu Jianming , Erb Matthias 
Published: October 2021

SignificanceThis study demonstrates that the protective effects of multifunctional maize secondary metabolites against a major pest are dependent on soil chemical composition. By functioning as both digestibility reducers and siderophores, benzoxazinoids link soil chemistry to plant–environment interactions. Given that many plant secondary metabolites have multiple functions in roots and leaves, such links are likely widespread and may govern community composition and pest dynamics across different (agro)ecosystems. The presented findings also illustrate the limits and context dependency of using multifunctional plant secondary metabolites to combat major herbivore pests. The latter is particularly important in the context of the threat that the fall armyworm poses for global maize production.
Grapevines under drought do not express esca leaf symptoms
Authors: Bortolami Giovanni , Gambetta Gregory A. , Cassan Cédric , Dayer Silvina , Farolfi Elena , Ferrer Nathalie , Gibon Yves , Jolivet Jérôme , Lecomte Pascal , Delmas Chloé E. L. 
Published: October 2021

SignificanceThe world is witnessing a sharp increase in perennial plant dieback. The hypothesized cause is that environmental stresses such as drought are interacting with pathogens fueling plant decline. Global viticulture has seen similar decreases in fruit yield and vine longevity. One of the hypothesized causes is a synergy between drought and the grapevine vascular disease esca, for which there is no known curative treatment. In sharp contrast to this theory, our study demonstrates that drought completely suppresses esca leaf symptoms, and although esca and drought both alter plant water transport and carbon balance, they do so in completely distinct ways. This understanding reveals the complexity and unpredictability of the stress interactions thought to drive plant mortality.
Does the nuclear family affect social trust? Longitudinal evidence from Germany
Authors: Blekesaune Morten 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
While research indicates that social trust might benefit societies’ political and economic development, the sources of social trust are subject to debate. This article investigates a less investigated factor in the development of social trust: how far the nuclear family – that is, partnerships and parenthood – affects trust towards other people. The data are from three waves of the German Socio-Economic Panel study collected between 2003 and 2013. Longitudinal estimates indicate that having any number of children increases trust towards others while being partnered has a negative effect on social trust. Both effects are near-linear over the 19-year life course period investigated. The positive effect of parenthood is much stronger than the negative effect of partnership. These results are consistent across genders and ages. They indicate that social trust can change, but that it changes slowly during an adult's life. The results are discussed in relation to the social roles of adult members of nuclear families, including their activities in various social arenas.
Effect of ground technicity on cardio‐respiratory and biomechanical parameters in uphill trail running
Authors: Nicot François , Sabater‐Pastor Frederic , Samozino Pierre , Millet Guillaume Y. , Rupp Thomas 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTThe goal of this study was to analyse the effects of ground technicity on cardio‐respiratory and biomechanical responses during uphill running. Ten experienced male trail‐runners ran ∼10.5 min at racing pace on two trails with different (high and low) a priori technicity levels. These two runs were replicated (same slope, velocity, and distance) indoor on a motor‐driven treadmill. Oxygen uptake, minute ventilation (V̇E), heart rate as well as step frequency and medio‐lateral feet accelerations (i.e. objective indices of uneven terrain running patterns adjustments) were continuously measured throughout all sessions. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and perceived technicity were assessed at the end of each bout. Oxygen cost of running (O2Cr) (+10.5%; p < 0.001), V̇E (+21%; p < 0.004) and the range and variability of feet medio‐lateral accelerations (+116% and +134%, respectively; p < 0.001), were significantly greater when running on trail compared to the treadmill, regardless of the a priori technicity level. Despite perceived technicity being lower on treadmill (p < 0.001), RPE was not different between trail and treadmill runs (p < 0.68). It is concluded that running uphill on a trail vs. a treadmill significantly elevates both O2Cr and magnitude/variability of feet medio‐lateral accelerations but no difference could be identified between trails of different a priori technicities. These results strengthen the need for trainers and race organisers to consider terrain technicity per se as a challenging cardio‐respiratory and biomechanical component in uphill trail running.Highlights
Ten experienced male trail‐runners ran ∼10.5 min at racing pace on two trails with different a priori technicity levels. The two runs were replicated (same slope, velocity, and distance) indoor on a motor‐driven treadmill.
Oxygen cost of running (O2Cr), minute ventilation (V̇E) as well as medio‐lateral feet accelerations (i.e. objective indices of uneven terrain running patterns adjustments) were continuously measured throughout all sessions. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and perceived technicity were assessed at the end of each bout.
O2Cr (+10.5%; p < 0.001), V̇E (+21%; p < 0.004) and the magnitude and variability of feet medio‐lateral accelerations (+116% and +134%, respectively; p < 0.001) were significantly greater when running on trail compared to treadmill, regardless of the a priori technicity level. Despite O2Cr being different between trail and treadmill runs, RPE was not.
Thus, running uphill on a trail vs. on a treadmill significantly elevates both O2Cr and magnitude/variability of feet medio‐lateral accelerations but no difference could be identified between trails of different a priori technicities.
White-light versus discrete wavelength measurements of Faraday dispersion and the Verdet constant
Authors: Maxwell James L , Hughes Ifan G , Adams Charles S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The wavelength dependence of the Faraday effect may be measured either sequentially at particular wavelengths using narrow band sources, or simultaneously at many wavelengths using a white-light or broadband source. We apply both methods to measure the wavelength dependence of the Verdet constant of a terbium gallium garnet crystal. We show that although the white-light measurement offers the advantage of requiring only one source, it is more prone to systematic errors than using multiple laser sources.
Glass microprism matrix for fluorescence excitation in lab-on-a-chip platforms
Authors: Pokrzywnicka Aleksandra , Śniadek Patrycja , Walczak Rafał 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this paper, an integrated microprism matrix for light coupling and optical sensing systems is presented. The matrix was fabricated by use of controlled negative pressure glass thermal reflow process by the use of monocrystalline mold. The single glass microprism had height of 250 µm or 350 µm with base width respectively 350 µm or 500 µm. The matrix was formed by 10 × 10 microprisms with distance between the microprisms from 150 µm to 400 µm. It corresponded to total area of the matrixes from 28 mm2 to 74 mm2. The controlled coupling of the beam into a substrate was obtained through determination of optimal geometric dimensions of microprisms and configuration of a measurement setup. Optimal position of the fluorescence induction light source in relation to the matrixes (0.5 cm to 4.5 cm distance, 30° angle of incidence) and microfluidic channel (4 mm) were determined. The fluorimetric tests (with excitation by 470 nm laser diode in all the experiments) carried out using fluorescein solution, microbeads and porcine oocyte indicated the possibility of using a microprism matrix for fluorimetric image-based 500 nm long-pass detection in lab-on-a-chip platforms.
Spectral compression and entanglement reduction in the cascaded biphoton state with cavities
Authors: Wong Y-E , Tsai N-Y , Hiew W S , Jen H H 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The cascaded biphoton state generated from a cold atomic ensemble presents one of the strongly correlated resources that can preserve and relay quantum information. Under the four-wave mixing condition, the emitted signal and idler photons from the upper and lower excited states become highly correlated in their traveling directions and entangled in continuous frequency spaces. In this system, we theoretically study the spectral compression of the biphoton source using an external cavity and show the reduction in its frequency entanglement entropy. This indicates, respectively, an improved light absorption efficiency for the idler photon as well as an almost pure biphoton source which is useful in optical quantum networks. We further investigate the limit of the spectral compression that can be achieved by using multiple cavities. Our results show the capability and potential of the biphoton source with external cavities, where the performance of atom-based quantum memory can be enhanced and the entanglement property can be manipulated by tailoring the spectral compression.
Nanoscale layer of a minimized defect area of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride on copper for excellent anti-corrosion activity
Authors: Hwang Jae Hun , Shrestha Bishnu Kumar , Kim Jun Hee , Seo Tae Hoon , Park Chan Hee , Kim Myung Jong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this work, we synthesized a monolayer of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) using chemical vapor deposition. The physicochemical and electrochemical properties of the materials were evaluated to determine their morphology. High-purity materials and their atomic-scale coating on copper (Cu) foil were employed to prevent fast degradation rate. The hexagonal two-dimensional (2D) atomic structures of the as-prepared materials were assessed to derive their best anti-corrosion behavior. The material prepared under optimized conditions included edge-defect-free graphene nanosheets (∼0.0034 μm2) and hBN (∼0.0038 μm2) per unit area of 1 μm2. The coating of each material on the Cu surface significantly reduced the corrosion rate, which was ∼2.44 × 10–2/year and 6.57 × 10–3/year for graphene/Cu and hBN/Cu, respectively. Importantly, the corrosion rate of Cu was approximately 3-fold lower after coating with hBN relative to that of graphene/Cu. This approach suggests that the surface coating of Cu using cost-effective, eco-friendly, and the most abundant materials in nature is of interest for developing marine anti-corrosion micro-electronic devices and achieving surface modification of pure metals in industrial applications.
A training strategy for improving the robustness of memristor-based binarized convolutional neural networks
Authors: Huang Lixing , Yu Hongqi , Chen Changlin , Peng Jie , Diao Jietao , Nie Hongshan , Li Zhiwei , Liu Haijun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Memristor-based convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been extensively studied in the field of edge computing, owing to the efficient characteristics of memristors, such as high integration density and powerful processing capability. However, constrained by the low yield of memristor array and the memristance variation, memristor-based CNNs have failed to be widely applied. Consequently, a training strategy is proposed to improve the robustness of memristor-based binarized neural networks for prompting embedded application. Simulation results on the MNIST dataset reveal that this strategy is able to improve the performance of a memristor-based two-layer CNN with device defects. Specifically, when the yield rate of the memristor array is 60%, the recognition rate of a two-layer memristor-based binarized convolutional neural network achieves around 91.19%, and when the characteristic of device variation is 28%, it reaches about 91.53%.
Green nanoarchitectonics with PEDOT:PSS–gelatin composite for moisture-responsive actuator and generator
Authors: Liu Yonghao , Sun Xiang-Chao , Lv Chao , Xia Hong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
With improvements in energy conversion efficiency and diversification of conversion manner, devices through natural evaporation from water reservoirs have potential to become an avenue to harvest energy. Using green, sustainable and biocompatible components is ever greater interesting for construction of humidity-induced actuator and generator. Here we demonstrate that green nanoarchitectonics with the bio-friendly poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)–gelatin have good mechanical and humidity responsive properties which can use to construct moisture-responsive actuator and generator. The PEDOT:PSS–gelatin film actuator is fabricated by simple spin-coating, in which PEDOT:PSS is introduced into natural gelatin to increase the mechanical intensity due to hydrogen bond and interpenetrated network between rigid PEDOT:PSS chains and protein molecules. The PEDOT:PSS–gelatin film combined with piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) film can be driven into the movement by humidity. The PEDOT:PSS–gelatin film and the driven PVDF film as actuator and generator generates piezoelectric signal. The bio-friendly evaporation-driven generator may have applications in self-powering biomedicine robotic system and sensors.
Global gyrokinetic simulation with kinetic electron for collisionless damping of zonal flow in stellarators
Authors: Nicolau Javier H. , Choi Gyungjin , Fu Jingyuan , Liu Pengfei , Wei Xishuo , Lin Zhihong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Global gyrokinetic simulations with kinetic electrons for collisionless damping of zonal flows in LHD and W7-X stellarators show that the helical components of the equilibrium magnetic field responsible for helically trapped particles have significant impacts on zonal flow. Kinetic electrons reduce zonal flow residue and increase the frequency of low frequency oscillation (LFO). The LFO is induced by dominant helical harmonics of magnetic field strength. Furthermore, linear toroidal coupling of multiple toroidal n-harmonics barely affects the zonal flows, but can generate long wavelength toroidal harmonics with the same toroidal number as the helical magnetic field.