bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UAV prototype for localization and identification of radioactive contamination and emitters
Authors: Moretto S. , Pino Andrades F.E. , Delgado J. , Fontana C.L. , Fabris D. , Nebbia G. , Turcato M. , Brunelli D. , Pancheri L. , Quaranta A. 
Published: November 2021

The Dragon (Drone for RAdiation detection of Gammas and Neutrons) prototype aims at designing and developing an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with a detection system able to identify radioactive materials, spread over an area or located in a specific position. The system is focused on the localization of the unknown emitter and its subsequently identification.
The proposed prototype is made up of two easily interchangeable detection systems, one will be used as a counter while the second will be aimed to perform goodresolution gamma spectroscopy. Both solutions have neutron gamma discrimination capability in order to be suitable for special nuclear materials (SNM) detection in gamma contamination background.
The data acquisition module is made up of a compact digitizer board (RedPitaya, sampling rate of 125 MHz and 14 bits of resolution.), a mini computer (Raspberry, for example). This combination allows to install an embedded operating system (e.g. Linux) that can run the necessary software for the Data Acquisition (DAQ), like the ABCD distributed DAQ.
Our contribution will be aimed to show a comprehensive characterization of the two detection systems, a medium size CLLB scintillation detector, and a large plastic scintillator, EJ-276, in order to assess their potential use in a UAV-based radiation monitoring system.
Chlormethin-Gel-basierte komplette Remission einer CD30-positiven Mycosis fungoides-Plaque
Authors: Fahlbusch S. , Hüning S. , Lücke A. , Nashan D. 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungChlormethin-Gel ist seit Mai 2019 als Lokaltherapeutikum bei Erwachsenen für kutane T-Zell-Lymphome vom Typ Mycosis fungoides (MF) zugelassen. Die topische Anwendung erfolgt 1-mal täglich. Im Rahmen der Zulassungsstudie kam es nach einer mindestens 6-monatigen Behandlung mit Chlormethin-Gel bei 76,7 % der Patienten (69 von 90) zu einer ≥ 50 %-igen Verbesserung der klinischen Befunde, gemessen anhand der CAILS-Skala (Composite Assessment of Index Lesion Serverity). Eine komplette Remission wurde bei 19 % (17 von 90) der Patienten beschrieben. Etwas mehr als die Hälfte der behandelten Patienten zeigte lokale Nebenwirkungen mit Hautirritationen, Hautrötungen und auch Hautinfektionen. Weitere mögliche Hautreaktionen sind Pruritus, Blasenbildung und Geschwüre.Im Folgenden wird von einer Patientin mit einer bekannten CD30+-Mycosis fungoides im Stadium IIB (ISCL/EORTC 2007) berichtet. Eine unter verschiedenen Systemtherapien (Bexaroten, Bade-PUVA, Brentuximab Vedotin) immer wieder rezidivierende, ca. handtellergroße Plaque an der Flanke links wurde mit Chlormethin-Gel behandelt.Aufgrund bereits bekannter, langsam progredienter Größenzunahme und wiederholt schmerzhafter Mazerationen dieses Herdes erfolgte auch mit Blick auf mögliche Nebenwirkungen von Chlormethin-Gel die Behandlung in Absprache mit der Patientin nur jeden zweiten Tag.Unter diesem Therapieregime zeigte sich, nach anfänglicher kurzzeitiger Hautreizung, bereits nach 3 Monaten eine komplette, histologisch gesicherte, aktuell 6 Monate anhaltende Remission der Läsion.Diese Kasuistik soll einen eindrucksvollen Therapieverlauf unter Chlormethin-Gel in reduzierter Dosierung und bei guter Verträglichkeit präsentieren.
DMOs and tourism marketing channels in centre of Portugal.
Authors: Borges Bernardo , Costa Rui Augusto 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

This chapter, by Bernardo Borges and Rui Augusto Costa, deals with destination management organisations (DMOs) and the tourism marketing channels in the Centre of Portugal. The chapter assesses the significance of the digital marketing strategy of the DMOs responsible for the Centre of Portugal and provides insights regarding how this strategy can affect tourists' information search during the pre-trip as well as at the destination. The study concludes with useful information for DMOs regarding the main promotion channels that they should use for attracting tourists to the region.
The science case for LIGO-India
Authors: Saleem M , Rana Javed , Gayathri V , Vijaykumar Aditya , Goyal Srashti , Sachdev Surabhi , Suresh Jishnu , Sudhagar S , Mukherjee Arunava , Gaur Gurudatt , Sathyaprakash Bangalore , Pai Archana , Adhikari Rana X , Ajith P , Bose Sukanta 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The global network of gravitational-wave detectors has completed three observing runs with ∼50 detections of merging compact binaries. A third LIGO detector, with comparable astrophysical reach, is to be built in India (LIGO-Aundha) and expected to be operational during the latter part of this decade. Such additions to the network increase the number of baselines and the network SNR of GW events. These enhancements help improve the sky-localization of those events. Multiple detectors simultaneously in operation will also increase the baseline duty factor, thereby, leading to an improvement in the detection rates and, hence, the completeness of surveys. In this paper, we quantify the improvements due to the expansion of the LIGO global network in the precision with which source properties will be measured. We also present examples of how this expansion will give a boost to tests of fundamental physics.
Optical constants retrieval from a thin film at elevated temperatures using emittance
Authors: Chang Jui-Yung , Yang Yi-Hua , Yadav Vikas , Chen Yu-Bin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The refractive index and the extinction coefficient (optical constants) are essential in photonic design and thermal radiation utilization. These constants vary with the material phase, temperature, wavelength, and subject dimension. However, precisely retrieving these constants from a thin film is challenging at elevated temperatures and therefore temperature dependency is usually neglected. To tackle this challenge, a methodology for retrieval using emittance at different emission angles, θ, is developed here. The method contains four steps and takes advantage of emissometry. The method is firstly validated using simulation and then its feasibility is demonstrated by retrieving optical constants of a phase-change germanium-antimony-tellurium (Ge2Sb2Te5, GST) film. Emittance from samples at 100 °C, 200 °C, 300 °C, and 400 °C is measured at θ = 0°, 15°, and 30°. The spectral range of retrieval covers from 4 μm to 18 μm where thermal radiation dominates. The investigated film considers amorphous, face-centered cubic, and hexagonal close packed phases. The retrieved constants exhibit temperature and substrate independence, but they show a significant phase reliance.
Non-equilibrium relaxation and aging in the dynamics of a dipolar fluid quenched towards the glass transition
Authors: Peredo-Ortiz Ricardo , Zubieta Rico Pablo F , Cortés-Morales Ernesto C , Pérez-Ángel Gabriel G , Voigtmann Thomas , Medina-Noyola Magdaleno , Elizondo-Aguilera Luis F 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The recently developed non-equilibrium self-consistent generalized Langevin equation theory of the dynamics of liquids of non-spherically interacting particles [2016 J. Phys. Chem. B
120 7975] is applied to the description of the irreversible relaxation of a thermally and mechanically quenched dipolar fluid. Specifically, we consider a dipolar hard-sphere liquid quenched (at t
w = 0) from full equilibrium conditions towards different ergodic–non-ergodic transitions. Qualitatively different scenarios are predicted by the theory for the time evolution of the system after the quench (t
w > 0), that depend on both the kind of transition approached and the specific features of the protocol of preparation. Each of these scenarios is characterized by the kinetics displayed by a set of structural correlations, and also by the development of two characteristic times describing the relaxation of the translational and rotational dynamics, allowing us to highlight the crossover from equilibration to aging in the system and leading to the prediction of different underlying mechanisms and relaxation laws for the dynamics at each of the glass transitions explored.
Smart monitoring of a full-scale composite hydrofoil manufactured using automated fibre placement under high cycle fatigue
Authors: Shamsuddoha Md , Prusty Gangadhara B , Maung Phyo Thu , Phillips Andrew W , St John Nigel A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Fibre reinforced composites materials offer a pathway to produce passive shape adaptive smart marine propellers, which have improved performance characteristics over traditional metallic alloys. Automated fibre placement (AFP) technology can provide a leap forward in cyber-physical automated manufacturing, which is essential for the implementation and operation of smart factories in the marine propeller industry towards Industry 4.0 readiness. In this paper, a comprehensive structural health monitoring routine was performed on an AFP full-scale composite hydrofoil to gain confidence in its dynamic and structural performances through a number of active and passive sensors. The hydrofoil was subjected to constant amplitude flexural fatigue loading in a purpose-built test rig for 105 cycles. The hydrofoil was embedded with distributed optical fibre sensors, traditional electrical strain gauges and linear variable displacement transducers. Both microelectromechanical system and piezoelectric accelerometers were used to conduct experimental modal analyses to observe changes in the modal response of the hydrofoil at regular intervals throughout the fatigue program. The hydrofoils modal response, as well as the stiffness measured using both displacements and strains, remained unchanged over the fatigue loading regime demonstrating the structural integrity of the hydrofoil. The optical fibre sensors endured the fatigue test cycles showing their robustness under fatigue loads. Furthermore, the sensing systems demonstrated the potential of being utilised as a useful maintenance tool combining their adaptability with automated manufacturing during manufacturing through integration within the hydrofoil, a structural test framework for performance measurement, data acquisition and analytics for visualisation, and the prospect of decision making for maintenance requirement during any onset in structural performance.
Temperature-dependent dynamic properties of magnetorheological gel composite: experiment and modeling
Authors: Mao Runsong , Zhang Guang , Wang Huixing , Wang Jiong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Of all the smart materials that can vary with a change in external excitation, magnetorheological gel (MRG) is one of the most pre-eminent composites, having controllable and reversible responses according to the magnitude of the external magnetic field. Temperature has been identified as another important driver that can alter the dynamic properties of a MRG, and so far this has not been studied systematically. The temperature-dependent dynamic properties of a MRG under different magnetic field strengths were investigated by three kinds of experiments—strain amplitude, frequency and magnetic field sweep tests. The experimental results demonstrate that the storage and loss moduli of MRGs display a temperature-induced stiffening effect with a magnetic field but a temperature-induced softening effect in the absence of a magnetic field. The storage modulus improves with magnetic field strength, whereas the loss modulus first shows rapid growth and then a gradual reduction with increasing magnetic field strength. This temperature dependence of dynamic properties is also interpreted through different mechanisms related to the transformation of the MRG microstructure. Furthermore, a modified magnetic dipole model which could predict the relationship between storage modulus and magnetic field strength is combined with the classical Arrhenius equation expressing the effect of temperature on viscosity to describe the temperature dependence of the storage modulus of a MRG under different magnetic field strengths. This paper may provide some useful guidance for designing a magnetorheological device.
Convective transport of thermal and solutal energy in unsteady MHD Oldroyd-B nanofluid flow
Authors: Yasir Muhammad , Ahmed Awais , Khan Masood , Ullah Malik Zaka 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this work, an analysis is presented for the unsteady axisymmetric flow of Oldroyd-B nanofluid generated by an impermeable stretching cylinder with heat and mass transport under the influence of heat generation/absorption, thermal radiation and first-order chemical reaction. Additionally, thermal and solutal performances of nanofluid are studied using an interpretation of the well-known Buongiorno’s model, which helps us to determine the attractive characteristics of Brownian motion and thermophoretic diffusion. Firstly, the governing unsteady boundary layer equation’s (PDEs) are established and then converted into highly non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by using the suitable similarity transformations. For the governing non-linear ordinary differential equations, numerical integration in domain [0, ∞) is carried out using the BVP Midrich scheme in Maple software. For the velocity, temperature and concentration distributions, reliable results are prepared for different physical flow constraints. According to the results, for increasing values of Deborah numbers, the temperature and concentration distribution are higher in terms of relaxation time while these are decline in terms of retardation time. Moreover, thermal radiation and heat generation/absorption are increased the temperature distribution and corresponding boundary layer thickness. With previously stated numerical values, the acquired solutions have an excellent accuracy.
Optical applications of transition metal ion doped phosphate glasses
Authors: Sreenivasulu M , Chavan Vijaya Kumar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The transition metal ion-doped lithium phosphate glasses are prepared with a novel composition by melt quenching method, XRD patterns revealed their characteristic amorphous nature. The structural and physical properties of the prepared glasses are significantly varying with the increased concentration levels of dopant. Optical absorption and transmission spectra of the glass samples are analyzed. The absorption peaks are observed in ultraviolet, visible and infrared regions.The direct and indirect energy band gap values are decreasing while Urbach’s energy values are increasing as the concentration levels of dopants are increasing. The obtained energy band gap values are in the range of semiconductor materials. The optical transmission spectra of these transition metal ion-doped glasses reveal their application as bandpass filters with filtering ability in UV or Visible regions at double and triple wavelengths and hence useful as dual band-pass filters. The glasses with <10 full width half maximum(FWHM) values are useful for narrowband lasers.
Controlling the size of non-axisymmetric magnetic footprints using resonant magnetic perturbations
Authors: Munaretto S. , Orlov D.M. , Paz-Soldan C. , Bykov I. , Lasnier C.J. , Lyons B.C. , Wang H. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The structure of the non-axisymmetric heat load distribution at the divertor plates is determined not only by the toroidal but also from the poloidal spectrum of non-axisymmetric field perturbations. Whether they are intrinsic, like error fields, or they are applied through 3D coils, the non-axisymmetric fields produce complex 3D edge magnetic topologies (footprints) that alter the properties of the heat and particle flux distributions on the divertor target plates. In this manuscript, a study of the impact of applied 3D field poloidal spectrum on the footprint size and structure is done for the DIII-D tokamak using the resistive MHD code M3D-C1 coupled with the field line tracing code TRIP3D. To resolve the impact of the poloidal spectrum of the magnetic perturbation, the relative phase of the two rows of in-vessel 3D coils used to produce both a n = 2 and a n = 3 perturbation is varied, where n is the toroidal harmonic of the magnetic perturbation. This shows that the largest footprint is predicted when the relative phase of the two rows is close to zero, which is also where the resonant coupling with the plasma is maximized. These results suggest that it will be challenging to decouple the footprint size from the requisite resonant coupling for RMP–ELM control. The correlation between the measured heat load and particle flux distributions at the outer divertor plates in DIII-D and the magnetic measurements is in good agreement with the predicted dependence of the magnetic footprint size on the amplitude of the resonant component of the plasma response.
Fluid turbulence simulations of divertor heat load for ITER hybrid scenario using BOUT++
Authors: Wang Xueyun , Xu Xueqiao , Snyder Philip B , Li Zeyu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The BOUT++ six-field turbulence code is used to simulate the ITER 11.5 MA hybrid scenario and a brief comparison is made among ITER baseline, hybrid and steady-state operation (SSO) scenarios. Peeling–ballooning instabilities with different toroidal mode numbers dominate in different scenarios and consequently yield different types of ELMs. The energy loss fractions (ΔW
ped/W
ped) caused by unmitigated ELMs in the baseline and hybrid scenarios are large (∼2%) while the one in the SSO scenario is dramatically smaller (<1%), which are consistent with the features of type-I ELMs and grassy ELMs respectively. The intra ELM divertor heat flux width in the three scenarios given by the simulations is larger than the estimations for inter-ELM phase based on Goldston’s heuristic drift model. The toroidal gap edge melting limit of tungsten monoblocks of divertor targets imposes constraints on ELM energy loss, giving that the ELM energy loss fraction should be smaller than 0.4%, 1.0%, and 1.2% for ITER baseline, hybrid and SSO scenarios, correspondingly. The simulation shows that only the SSO scenario with grassy ELMs may satisfy the constraint.
Pellet triggering of edge localized modes in low collisionality pedestals at DIII-D
Authors: Wilcox R.S. , Baylor L.R. , Bortolon A. , Knolker M. , Lasnier C.J. , Shiraki D. , Bykov I. , Chrystal C. , Scotti F. , Paz-Soldan C. , Wingen A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Edge localized modes (ELMs) are triggered using deuterium pellets injected into plasmas with ITER-relevant low collisionality pedestals, and the resulting peak ELM energy fluence is reduced by approximately 25%–50% relative to natural ELMs destabilized at similar pedestal pressures. Cryogenically frozen deuterium pellets are injected from the low-field side of the DIII-D tokamak at frequencies lower than the natural ELM frequency, and heat flux is measured by infrared cameras. Ideal MHD pedestal stability calculations show that without pellet injection, these low collisionality pedestals were limited by their current density (peeling-limited) rather than their pressure gradient (ballooning-limited). ELM triggering success correlates strongly with pellet mass, consistent with the theory that a large pressure perturbation is required to trigger an ELM in low collisionality discharges that are far from the ballooning stability boundary. For sufficiently large pellets, both instantaneous and time-integrated ELM energy deposition measured by infrared cameras is reduced with respect to naturally occurring ELMs at the inner strike point, which is the position where it is largest for natural ELMs. Energy fluence at the outer strike point is less effected. Cameras observing both heat flux and D-alpha emission often find significant toroidally asymmetric striations in the outboard far scrape-off layer resulting from ELMs that are triggered by pellets. Toroidal asymmetries at the inner strike point are similar between natural and pellet-triggered ELMs, suggesting that the reduction in peak heat flux and total fluence at that location is robust for the conditions reported here.
Buildingenergy.ninja: A web-based surrogate model for instant building energy time series for any climate.
Authors: Westermann Paul , Rousseau Guillaume , Evins Ralph 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Machine learning-based surrogate models are trained on building energy simulation input and output data. Their key advantage is their computational speed allowing them to produce building performance estimates in fractions of a second. In this work we showcase the use of deep convolutional neural network surrogate models embedded into a web application, allowing users to rapidly explore building performance at high spatio-temporal resolution. Users can pick any climate on an interactive map, customize a building design with thirteen decisive design parameters, and the surrogate model allows them to retrieve hourly heating and cooling load time series data in fractions of a second.
In this work, we further show that the surrogate model reaches an accuracy of R
2 > 0.93 (MAE < 0.27 kWh) for unseen design specifications and climates. These results motivate the use of computationally cheap surrogate models to replace building energy simulation for a wide variety of tasks in the future.
Data analytics for smart buildings: a classification method for anomaly detection for measured data
Authors: Roy Enguerrand de Rautlin de la , Recht Thomas , Zemmari Akka , Bourreau Pierre , Mora Laurent 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Data generated by the increasingly frequent use of sensors in housing provide the opportunity to monitor, manage and optimize the energy consumption of a building and the user comfort. These data are often strewn with rare or anomalous events, considered as anomalies (or outliers), that must be detected and ultimately corrected in order to improve the data quality. However, many approaches are used or might be used (for the most recent ones) to achieve this purpose. This paper proposes a classification methodology of anomaly detection techniques applied to building measurements. This classification methodology uses a well-suited anomaly typology and measurement typology in order to provide, in the future, a classification of the most adapted anomaly detection techniques for different types of building measurements, anomalies and needs.
Multi-objective optimization of a power-to-hydrogen system for mobility via two-stage stochastic programming
Authors: Fochesato Marta , Heer Philipp , Lygeros John 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A systematic way for the optimal design of renewable-based hydrogen refuelling stations in the presence of uncertainty in the hydrogen demand is presented. A two-stage stochastic programming approach is used to simultaneously minimize the total annual cost and the CO2 footprint due to the electricity generation sources. The first-stage (design) variables correspond to the sizing of the devices, while the second-stage (operation) variables correspond to the scheduling of the installed system that is affected by uncertainties. The demand of a fleet of fuel cell vehicles is synthesized by means of a Poisson distribution and different scenarios are generated by random sampling. We formulate our problem as a large-scale mixed-integer linear program and we rely on a two-level approximation scheme to keep the problem computationally tractable. A solely deterministic setting which does not take into account uncertainties leads to underestimated device sizes, resulting in a significant fraction of demand remaining unserved with a consequent loss in revenue. The multi-objective optimization produces a convex Pareto front, showing that a reduction in carbon footprint comes with increasing costs and thus diminishing profit.