bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of firms’ beliefs in structural models of market competition
Authors: Aguirregabiria Victor 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFirms make decisions under uncertainty and differ in their ability to collect and process information. As a result, in changing environments, firms have heterogeneous beliefs on the behaviour of other firms. This heterogeneity in beliefs can have important implications on market outcomes, efficiency and welfare. This paper studies the identification of firms’ beliefs using their observed actions—a revealed preference and beliefs approach. I consider a general structural model of market competition where firms have incomplete information and their beliefs and profits are nonparametric functions of decisions and state variables. Beliefs may be out of equilibrium. The framework applies both to continuous and discrete choice games and includes as particular cases models of competition in prices or quantities, auction models, entry games and dynamic games of investment decisions. I focus on identification results that exploit an exclusion restriction that naturally appears in models of competition: an observable variable that affects a firm's cost (or revenue) but does not have a direct effect on other firms’ profits. I present identification results under three scenarios—common in empirical industrial organization—on the data available to the researcher.
Translation and international validation of the Colostomy Impact score
Authors: Kristensen Helle Ø , Thyø Anne , Jøssing Emmertsen Katrine , Smart Neil J. , Pinkney Thomas , Warwick Andrea M. , Pang Dong , Furnée Edgar J. B. , Verkuijl Sanne J. , José Rama Nuno , Domingos Hugo , Maciel João , Solis‐Peña Alejandro , Espín Basany Eloy , Hidalgo‐Pujol Marta , Biondo Sebastian , Sjövall Annika , Christensen Peter 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimOptimal oncological resection in cancers of the lower rectum often requires a permanent colostomy. However, in some patients a colostomy may have a negative impact on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). The Colostomy Impact (CI) score is a simple questionnaire that identifies patients with stoma dysfunction that impairs HRQoL by dividing patients into ‘minor’ and ‘major’ CI groups. This aim of this study is to evaluate construct and discriminative validity, sensitivity, specificity and reliability of the CI score internationally, making it applicable for screening and identification of patients with stoma‐related impaired HRQoL.MethodThe CI score was translated in agreement with WHO recommendations. Cross‐sectional cohorts of rectal cancer survivors with a colostomy in Australia, China, Denmark, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and Sweden were asked to complete the CI score, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) quality of life 30‐item core questionnaire, the stoma‐specific items of the EORTC quality of life 29‐item colorectal‐specific questionnaire and five anchor questions assessing the impact of colostomy on HRQoL.ResultsA total of 2470 patients participated (response rate 51%–93%). CI scores were significantly higher in patients reporting reduced HRQoL due to their colostomy than in patients reporting no reduction. Differences in EORTC scale scores between patients with minor and major CI were significant and clinically relevant. Sensitivity was high regarding dissatisfaction with a colostomy. Regarding evaluation of discriminative validity, the CI score relevantly identified groups with differences in HRQoL. The CI score proved reliable, with equal CI scores between test and retest and an intraclass correlation coefficient in the moderate to excellent range.ConclusionThe CI score is internationally valid and reliable. We encourage its use in clinical practice to identify patients with stoma dysfunction who require further attention.
Do exercise‐induced increases in muscle size contribute to strength in resistance‐trained individuals?
Authors: Buckner Samuel L. , Yitzchaki Noam , Kataoka Ryo , Vasenina Ecaterina , Zhu Wenyuan G. , Kuehne Tayla E. , Loenneke Jeremy P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimPrevious work in non‐resistance‐trained individuals has found that an increase in muscle size has no additive effect on changes in strength. However, it is thought that muscle growth is of increased importance for resistance‐trained individuals.PurposeExperiment 1: To examine changes in muscle thickness (MT) and one repetition maximum (1RM) strength following 8 weeks of bi‐weekly 1RM practice or traditional training. Experiment 2: To determine whether increasing muscle size increases strength potential when followed by 4 weeks of 1RM training.MethodsParticipants performed biceps curls for 8 weeks (Experiment 1). One arm performed 4 sets of as many repetitions as possible with approximately 70% of 1RM (TRAD), and the other arm performed a single 1RM. For experiment 2, both arms trained for muscle size and strength.ResultsExperiment 1 (n = 25): for MT, the posterior probabilities favoured the hypothesis that MT changed more in the TRAD condition [mean difference: 50% site 0.15 (−0.09, 0.21) cm; 60% site 0.14 (0.06, 0.23) cm; 70% site 0.17 (0.10, 0.23) cm]. For 1RM strength, each condition changed equivalently. Experiment 2 (n = 18): for MT, the posterior probabilities favoured the hypothesis that MT changed similarly between conditions following a 4‐week strength phase. For changes in 1RM strength, the evidence favoured neither hypothesis (i.e. null vs. alternative). Of note, the mean difference between conditions was small [0.72 (4.3) kg].Conclusions1RM training produces similar increases in strength as traditional training. Experiment 2 suggests that increases in muscle mass may not increase the ‘potential’ for strength gain.
Local contributions to beta diversity in urban pond networks: Implications for biodiversity conservation and management
Authors: Hill Matthew J. , White James C. , Biggs Jeremy , Briers Robert A. , Gledhill David , Ledger Mark E. , Thornhill Ian , Wood Paul J. , Hassall Chris 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimAn understanding of how biotic communities are spatially organized is necessary to identify and prioritize habitats within landscape‐scale biodiversity conservation. Local contribution to beta diversity (LCBD) identifies individual habitats that make a significant contribution to beta diversity and may have important practical implications, particularly for conservation of habitat networks. In this study, we develop and apply a conservation prioritization approach based on LCBD in aquatic invertebrate communities from 132 ponds.LocationFive urban settlements in the UK: Halton, Loughborough, Stockport, Birmingham and Huddersfield.MethodsWe partition LCBD into richness difference (nestedness:RichDiffLCBD) and species replacement (turnover:ReplLCBD) and identify key environmental variables driving LCBD. We examine LCBD at two scales relevant to conservation planning: within urban settlements and nationally across the UK.ResultsSignificant differences in LCBD values were recorded among the five settlements. In four of the five urban settlements studied, pond sites with the greatest LCBD values typically showed high replacement values. Significant LCBD sites and sites with high taxonomic diversity together supported more of the regional species pool (70%–97%) than sites with high taxonomic diversity alone (54%–94%) or what could be protected by the random selection of sites. LCBD was significantly associated with vegetation shading, surface area, altitude and macrophyte cover.Main conclusionsConservation prioritization that incorporates LCBD and sites with high taxonomic diversity improves the effectiveness of conservation actions within pond habitat networks, ensures sites supporting high biodiversity are protected and provides a method to define a spatial network of protected sites. Identifying new, effective conservation approaches, particularly in urban areas where resources may be scarce and conflicts regarding land use exist, is essential to ensure biodiversity is fully supported, and detrimental anthropogenic effects are reduced.
Endocannabinoid‐mediated neuromodulation in the main olfactory bulb at the interface of environmental stimuli and central neural processing
Authors: Heinbockel Thomas , Bhatia‐Dey Naina , Shields Vonnie D. C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe olfactory system has become an important functional gateway to understand and analyze neuromodulation since olfactory dysfunction and deficits have emerged as prodromal and, at other times, as first symptoms of many of neurodegenerative, neuropsychiatric and communication disorders. Considering olfactory dysfunction as outcome of altered, damaged and/or inefficient olfactory processing, in the current review, we analyze how olfactory processing interacts with the endocannabinoid signaling system. In the human body, endocannabinoid synthesis is a natural and on‐demand response to a wide range of physiological and environmental stimuli. Our current understanding of the response dynamics of the endocannabinoid system is based in large part on research advances in limbic system areas, such as the hippocampus and the amygdala. Functional interactions of this signaling system with olfactory processing and associated pathways are just emerging but appear to grow rapidly with multidimensional approaches. Recent work analyzing the crystal structure of endocannabinoid receptors bound to their agonists in a signaling complex has opened avenues for developing specific therapeutic drugs that could help with neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and alleviation/reduction of pain. We discuss the role of endocannabinoids as signaling molecules in the olfactory system and the relevance of the endocannabinoid system for synaptic plasticity.
Factors confounding koala habitat mapping at multiple decision‐making scales
Authors: Mitchell Dave L. , Soto‐Berelov Mariela , Langford William T. , Jones Simon D. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryThe Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) is an arboreal marsupial found throughout southeastern Australia. A high risk of extinction in some areas requires adherence to legislation mandating protection of high‐quality habitat. The Koala primarily eats leaves of the Eucalyptus genus and wildlife managers are, in most cases, currently dependent on habitat maps depicting food resource availability derived from low‐resolution regional‐extent (~100,000 hectares) vegetation maps. These maps might not capture resource variability at planning extents (0.1–300 ha), or at resolutions where Koala ecology processes operate (5–50 ha). Consequently, potentially high‐quality habitat may not be considered in planning decisions. Whether low‐resolution habitat mapping adequately captures food resource variability is therefore relevant to map users at non‐regional extents. We examined four different broad‐scale low‐resolution habitat maps within a small area (150 ha) in southeast Queensland and compared the classifications of each. Map units were generally ranked in the same hierarchical order; however, differences in methodologies meant that, between maps, some units varied widely in assigned habitat quality. Two maps were assessed using quantitative Queensland Herbarium data, and field data we collected. Assessment using overstorey species emphasised habitat quality differences between habitat map units better than the alternative whole‐of‐canopy method. Maps relying on interpretation of vegetation descriptions for habitat class definition sometimes overestimated food tree cover proportions and stakeholders need to be cognisant of these limitations. One method assigned Very Low Suitability to a 60‐ha focal study site containing evidence of Koala use, and we strongly recommend that field validation should be an integral part of habitat management at these scales. We conclude that, rather than mapping approaches encompassing several habitat attributes within a single map, layered datasets, each with specific attributes, would provide greater utility for stakeholders by allowing them to use layers individually or in combination as required.
Mathematical modeling of genetic pest management through female‐specific lethality: Is one locus better than two?
Authors: Vella Michael R. , Gould Fred , Lloyd Alun L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMany novel genetic approaches are under development to combat insect pests. One genetic strategy aims to suppress or locally eliminate a species through large, repeated releases of genetically engineered strains that render female offspring unviable under field conditions. Strains with this female‐killing characteristic have been developed either with all of the molecular components in a single construct or with the components in two constructs inserted at independently assorting loci. Strains with two constructs are typically considered to be only of value as research tools and for producing solely male offspring in rearing factories which are subsequently sterilized by radiation before release. A concern with the two‐construct strains is that once released, the two constructs would become separated and therefore non‐functional. The only female‐killing strains that have been released in the field without sterilization are single‐construct strains. Here, we use a population genetics model with density dependence to evaluate the relative effectiveness of female‐killing approaches based on single‐ and two‐construct arrangements. We find that, in general, the single‐construct arrangement results in slightly faster population suppression, but the two‐construct arrangement can eventually cause stronger suppression and cause local elimination with a smaller release size. Based on our results, there is no a priori reason that males carrying two independently segregating constructs need to be sterilized prior to release. In some cases, a fertile release would be more efficient for population suppression.
Forest microclimates and climate change: Importance, drivers and future research agenda
Authors: De Frenne Pieter , Lenoir Jonathan , Luoto Miska , Scheffers Brett R. , Zellweger Florian , Aalto Juha , Ashcroft Michael B. , Christiansen Ditte M. , Decocq Guillaume , De Pauw Karen , Govaert Sanne , Greiser Caroline , Gril Eva , Hampe Arndt , Jucker Tommaso , Klinges David H. , Koelemeijer Irena A. , Lembrechts Jonas J. , Marrec Ronan , Meeussen Camille , Ogée Jérôme , Tyystjärvi Vilna , Vangansbeke Pieter , Hylander Kristoffer 
Published: March 2021

AbstractForest microclimates contrast strongly with the climate outside forests. To fully understand and better predict how forests' biodiversity and functions relate to climate and climate change, microclimates need to be integrated into ecological research. Despite the potentially broad impact of microclimates on the response of forest ecosystems to global change, our understanding of how microclimates within and below tree canopies modulate biotic responses to global change at the species, community and ecosystem level is still limited. Here, we review how spatial and temporal variation in forest microclimates result from an interplay of forest features, local water balance, topography and landscape composition. We first stress and exemplify the importance of considering forest microclimates to understand variation in biodiversity and ecosystem functions across forest landscapes. Next, we explain how macroclimate warming (of the free atmosphere) can affect microclimates, and vice versa, via interactions with land‐use changes across different biomes. Finally, we perform a priority ranking of future research avenues at the interface of microclimate ecology and global change biology, with a specific focus on three key themes: (1) disentangling the abiotic and biotic drivers and feedbacks of forest microclimates; (2) global and regional mapping and predictions of forest microclimates; and (3) the impacts of microclimate on forest biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in the face of climate change. The availability of microclimatic data will significantly increase in the coming decades, characterizing climate variability at unprecedented spatial and temporal scales relevant to biological processes in forests. This will revolutionize our understanding of the dynamics, drivers and implications of forest microclimates on biodiversity and ecological functions, and the impacts of global changes. In order to support the sustainable use of forests and to secure their biodiversity and ecosystem services for future generations, microclimates cannot be ignored.
Community changes in odonate monitoring: why are long‐term studies so relevant?
Authors: Dolný Aleš , Pyszko Petr , Šigutová Hana 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMost ecological studies involving insects are based on medium‐ and short‐term observations; however, the extent to which such data captures reality remains unclear.We investigated the long‐term dynamics of two Odonata communities (disturbed and undisturbed sites) over 18 years and analysed the differences in the short‐ and long‐term results. We also focused on the sampling methodology to enhance the efficacy and objectivity of long‐term monitoring involving Odonata.During one year, we captured only 53% of the overall species richness; during three consecutive sampling years, it was 65%. To capture 95%, we needed 16 years. Changes in quantitative similarity (Renkonen index, P) were more pronounced within sites over time than between sites. Species constancy significantly increased with the maximum abundance class but decreased with increasing fluctuation ratio and specialisation (Dragonfly Biotic Index). Based on exuviae, we detected half of the species compared to adults, but the species accumulation curves peaked after a few sampling years.Long‐ and short‐term monitoring yield different results, both qualitatively (species richness, specialisation) and quantitatively (abundance, dominance). Ideal sampling should be sequential, lasting at least 10 years (capturing >80% of species). Intermittent sampling (one‐year interspersed with pauses), allowing the inclusion of multiple sites in monitoring programme, may also provide satisfactory results when performed over a longer period.Over the long term, sampling adults semi‐quantitatively and exuviae qualitatively provided sufficient information, while being feasible in terms of both personnel and costs, thereby overcoming the main pitfalls of long‐term monitoring programmes.
Consumer’s subjective financial well‐being: A systematic review and research agenda
Authors: Nanda Ambika Prasad , Banerjee Ranjan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSubjective Financial Well‐being (FWB) research has gained considerable interest from both academics and practitioners recently. This research area focuses on the consumer’s self‐assessment of his/her disposition, belief, attitude, and behavior concerning money management, spending, savings, and investment. The authors used a systematic literature review (SLR) process, which is a step‐by‐step process‐driven methodology, to find 128 articles published between 1978 and 2020 in marketing and related consumer studies fields. By critically examining the published studies, the paper proposes an organizing framework to identify important research gaps and suggest future research directions. The existing studies highlight (a) macro‐level factors determining the consumer’s FWB, (b) bank information transparency and ethical selling, (c) consumer co‐production behavior, (d) consumer financial literacy and how it relates to FWB, (e) financial inclusion, (f) materialism, personality, spending self‐control, and FWB, (g) multicountry research, and (h) the outcomes or consequences of FWB. Further research directions emphasize the need for research on (a) young consumers and their FWB and (b) role of marketers in maintaining FWB of consumers. The organizing framework offers actionable insights for banks, other financial institutions (FIs), businesses, third‐party organizations (i.e., financial literacy service providers), and public policy makers to increase the subjective FWB of consumers.
Colombia's open‐door policy: An innovative approach to displacement?
Authors: Selee Andrew , Bolter Jessica 
Published: March 2021

AbstractColombia hosts one of the largest forced migrant populations in the world, with 1.7 million Venezuelans living there by November 2020. Since 2017, the Colombian government has provided temporary protection to more than 700,000 Venezuelans. We examine the effectiveness of this effort for labour market integration and access to education and health care. We find that temporary status has succeeded in providing legal protections to many migrants, and in providing some access to the labour market and basic education and health care. It may not advance long‐term mobility within the labour market or access to preventative or specialized health care. Implementation problems may also limit access in practice to basic education and health care. Perhaps most importantly, there have been no attempts in more than two years to provide temporary protection to migrants who entered the country irregularly, so a majority of Venezuelan nationals in Colombia now lack legal status.
Reproduction in the tropical frilly sea anemone Phymanthus pinnulatus (Cnidaria, Actiniaria)
Authors: Yong Clara Lei Xin , Yap Nicholas Wei Liang , Tan Koh Siang , Huang Danwei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOur understanding of how sea anemones reproduce in the equatorial Central Indo‐Pacific region remains poor compared to other marine regions. Here we report the gametogenic cycles of Phymanthus pinnulatus, a zooxanthellate sea anemone found throughout the Indo‐Pacific tropics. Observations were based on 41 individuals collected in Singapore. We found P. pinnulatus to be gonochoric, with an equal sex ratio of 1:1. Phases of oogenesis and spermatogenesis were detailed for the first time in P. pinnulatus, and were consistent with phases in other actiniarians. Females with pedal disc diameters <10 mm were found to asynchronously produce oocytes. We also found that trophonemata were associated with both oocytes and spermaries during gametogenesis. In Singapore, the periods during which gametes matured in each sex of P. pinnulatus appeared to overlap. We were unable distinguish whether spawning was annual or continuous in P. pinnulatus. Our observations on the occurrence of maturing and matured gametes in P. pinnulatus were similar to those reported for other species within the Central Indo‐Pacific. It also coincided with the multispecies spawning of scleractinian corals in Singapore. This study contributes to the growing body of work focused on the biology of tropical actiniarians in the Central Indo‐Pacific region.
Analytical model of the network topology and rigidity of calcium aluminosilicate glasses
Authors: Yang Kai , Hu Yushu , Li Zhou , Krishnan N. M. Anoop , Smedskjaer Morten M. , Hoover Christian G. , Mauro John C. , Sant Gaurav , Bauchy Mathieu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTopological constraint theory (TCT) has enabled the prediction of various properties of oxide glasses as a function of their composition and structure. However, the robust application of TCT relies on accurate knowledge of the network structure and topology. Here, based on classical molecular dynamics simulations, we derive a fully analytical model describing the topology of the calcium aluminosilicate [(CaO)x(Al2O3)y(SiO2)1−x−y, CAS] ternary system. This model yields the state of rigidity (flexible, isostatic, or stressed‐rigid) of CAS systems as a function of composition and temperature. These results reveal the existence of correlations between network topology and glass‐forming ability. This study suggests that glass‐forming ability is encoded in the network topology of the liquid state rather than that of the glassy state.