bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining Mental Disorder
Authors: Kincaid Harold , Zachar Peter , Murphy Dominic , Garson Justin , Gerrans Philip , Cooper Rachel , Demazeux Steeves , De Vreese Leen , Lemoine Maël , Thornton Tim , De Block Andreas , Sholl Jonathan 
Published: February 2021

Philosophers discuss Jerome Wakefield's influential view of mental disorder as “harmful dysfunction,” with detailed responses from Wakefield himself.
One of the most pressing theoretical problems of psychiatry is the definition of mental disorder. Jerome Wakefield's proposal that mental disorder is “harmful dysfunction” has been both influential and widely debated; philosophers have been notably skeptical about it. This volume provides the first book-length collection of responses by philosophers to Wakefield's harmful dysfunction analysis (HDA), offering a survey of philosophical critiques as well as extensive and detailed replies by Wakefield himself.
HDA is offered as a definition of mental disorder, but it is also the outcome of a method—conceptual analysis—and contributors first take up HDA's methodology, considering such topics as HDA's influences on the DSM, empirical support for HDA, and clinical practice. They go on to discuss HDA's ultimate goal, the demarcation between normal and abnormal; the dysfunction component of the analysis, addressing issues that include developmental plasticity, autism and neurodiversity, and the science of salience; and the harmful component, examining harmless dysfunction, normal variation, medicalization, and other questions. Wakefield offers substantive responses to each chapter.
The open access edition of this book was made possible by generous funding from Arcadia – a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin.
Contributors
Rachel Cooper, Andreas De Block, Steeves Demazeux, Leen De Vreese, Luc Faucher, Denis Forest, Justin Garson, Philip Gerrans, Harold Kincaid, Maël Lemoine, Dominic Murphy, Jonathan Sholll, Tim Thornton, Jerome Wakefield, Peter Zachar
Indium‐Catalyzed Deoxygenation of Sulfoxides with Hydrosilanes
Authors: Sakai Norio , Shimada Retsu , Ogiwara Yohei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDescribed herein is that a novel InBr3/PhSiH3 reducing system in a 1,4‐dioxane solution smoothly and effectively undertook deoxygenation of a variety of sulfoxides leading to the facile preparation of sulfide derivatives. Also, it was demonstrated that the reducing system shows a higher reactivity towards sulfoxides than that towards commonly reducible functional groups, such as carboxylic acids, esters, amides, and sulfones.
An Acidity‐Unlocked Magnetic Nanoplatform Enables Self‐Boosting ROS Generation through Upregulation of Lactate for Imaging‐Guided Highly Specific Chemodynamic Therapy
Authors: Shi Linan , Wang Youjuan , Zhang Cheng , Zhao Yan , Lu Chang , Yin Baoli , Yang Yue , Gong Xiangyang , Teng Lili , Liu Yanlan , Zhang Xiaobing , Song Guosheng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractChemodynamic therapy is an emerging tumor therapeutic strategy. However, the anticancer effects are greatly limited by the strong acidity requirements for effective Fenton‐like reaction, and the inevitably “off‐target” toxicity. Herein, we develop an acidity‐unlocked nanoplatform (FePt@FeOx@TAM‐PEG) that can accurately perform the high‐efficient and tumor‐specific catalysis for anticancer treatment, through dual pathway of cyclic amplification strategy. Notably, the pH‐responsive peculiarity of tamoxifen (TAM) drug allows for the catalytic activity of FePt@FeOx to be “turn‐on” in acidic tumor microenvironments, while keeping silence in neutral condition. Importantly, the released TAM within cancer cells is able to inhibit mitochondrial complex I, leading to the upregulated lactate content and thereby the accumulated intracellular H+, which can overcome the intrinsically insufficient acidity of tumor. Through the positive feedback loop, large amount of active FePt@FeOx nanocatalyzers are released and able to access to the endogenous H2O2, exerting the improved Fenton‐like reaction within the more acidic condition. Finally, such smart nanoplatform enables self‐boosting generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces strong intracellular oxidative stress, leading to the substantial anticancer outcomes in vivo, which may provide a new insight for tumor‐specific cascade catalytic therapy and reducing the “off‐target” toxicity to surrounding normal tissues.
Hole‐Storage Enhanced a‐Si Photocathodes for Efficient Hydrogen Production
Authors: Zhang Doudou , Du Minyong , Wang Pengpeng , Wang Hui , Shi Wenwen , Gao Yuying , Karuturi Siva , Catchpole Kylie , Zhang Jian , Fan Fengtao , Shi Jingying , Liu Shengzhong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFerrihydrite (Fh) has been demonstrated as an effective interfacial layer for photoanodes to achieve outstanding photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance for water oxidation reaction owing to its unique hole‐storage function. However, it is unknown whether such a hole‐storage layer can be used to construct highly efficient photocathodes for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In this work, we report Fh interfacial engineering of amorphous silicon photocathode (with nickel as HER cocatalyst) achieving a photocurrent density of 15.6 mA cm−2 at 0 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode and a half‐cell energy conversion efficiency of 4.08 % in alkaline solution, outperforming most of reported a‐Si based photocathodes including multi‐junction configurations integrated with noble metal cocatalysts in acid solution. Besides, the photocurrent density is maintained above 14 mA cm−2 for 175 min with 100 % Faradaic efficiency for HER in alkaline solution. Our results demonstrate a feasible approach to construct efficient photocathodes via the application of a hole‐storage layer.
MOF Nanosheet Reconstructed Two‐Dimensional Bionic Nanochannel for Protonic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Wu Guo‐Dong , Zhou Hai‐Lun , Fu Zhi‐Hua , Li Wen‐Hua , Xiu Jing‐Wei , Yao Ming‐Shui , Li Qiao‐hong , Xu Gang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe construction of hydrophobic nanochannel with hydrophilic sites for bionic devices to proximally mimick real bio‐system is still challenging. Taking the advantages of MOF chemistry, a highly oriented CuTCPP thin film has been successfully reconstructed with ultra‐thin nanosheets to produce abundant two‐dimensional interstitial hydrophobic nanochannels with hydrophilic sites. Different from the classical active‐layer material with proton transport in bulk, CuTCPP thin film represents a new type of active‐layer with proton transport in nanochannel for bionic proton field‐effect transistor (H+‐FETs). The resultant device can reversibly modulate the proton transport by varying the voltage on its gate electrode. Meanwhile, it shows the highest proton mobility of ≈9.5×10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 and highest on‐off ratio of 4.1 among all of the reported H+‐FETs. Our result demonstrates a powerful material design strategy for proximally mimicking the structure and properties of bio‐systems and constructing bionic electrical devices.
Shape‐Induced Kinetics Enhancement in Layered P2‐Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 Porous Microcuboids Enables High Energy/Power Sodium‐Ion Full Battery
Authors: Peng Bo , Sun Zhihao , Zhao Liping , Zeng Suyuan , Zhang Genqiang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of Genqiang Zhang. The cover picture shows unique one‐dimensional P2‐type Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 porous microcuboids cathode for Na‐ion battery achieving high energy/power densities. Read the full text of the Communication at 10.1002/batt.202000226.
Green Synthesized Nanomaterial‐based Colorimetric Sensors for Detection of Environmental Toxicants
Authors: Saxena Megha , Jain Khyati , Saxena Reena 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNanotechnology has emerged as a significant tool in various fields of science. Synthesis of metal nanoparticles using physical and chemical methods are based on the use of toxic chemicals which have deleterious effect on the environment. To overcome the limitations of chemical methods, green synthesis provides an eco‐friendly and inexpensive alternative path for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles. Since nature provides a variety of products in the form of plants, bacteria, fungi and biopolymers which serve the purpose in a safer way, green resources like plant extracts, certain bacteria, fungus and biopolymers have been used to synthesize metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. Metal nanoparticles as colorimetric sensors gained much attention in recent years due to their sensitive and selective color change which is visible by the naked eye. They are portable and cost effective. This review highlights the green synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles using plant extracts and biopolymers, and their characterization, mechanism and factors affecting synthesis. Specific application of these green synthesized nanoparticles as colorimetric sensors for the detection of toxic pollutants in water is discussed in detail.
Investigating the stress‐related fluctuations of level of personality functioning: A critical review and agenda for future research
Authors: Sinnaeve Roland , Vaessen Thomas , van Diest Ilse , Myin‐Germeys Inez , van den Bosch Louisa M. C. , Vrieze Elske , Kamphuis Jan Henk , Claes Stephan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐5) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐11) proposed a dimensional approach to the assessment of personality disorders (PDs). Both models dictate that the clinician first determines PD severity before assessing maladaptive traits, invoking the level of personality functioning (LPF) construct. We consider LPF a promising dimensional construct for translational research because of its clinical importance and conceptual overlap with the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Social Processes. We aim to identify biomarkers that co‐vary with fluctuations in LPF in adulthood, ultimately to predict persistent decrease in LPF, associated with suicidality and morbidity. However, a theoretical framework to investigate stress‐related oscillations in LPF is currently missing. In this article, we aim to fill this hiatus with a critical review about stress and LPF. First, we discuss acute stress and LPF. We briefly present the basics of the neurophysiological stress response and review the literature on momentary and daily fluctuations in LPF, both at a subjective and physiological level. Second, we review the effects of chronic stress on brain function and social behaviour and recapitulate the main findings from prospective cohort studies. This review underlies our suggestions for multimethod assessment of stress‐related oscillations in LPF and our theoretical framework for future longitudinal studies, in particular studies using the experience sampling method (ESM).
Performance of novel sorghum germplasm in Pennsylvania and their response to anthracnose
Authors: Gaffoor Iffa , Sandoya Germán V. , Xavier Katia V. , Nuckles Etta M. , Pinnamaneni Srinivasa R. , Vaillancourt Lisa J. , Chopra Surinder 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) has the potential to become a widespread commercial feedstock crop in Pennsylvania, either in rotation with maize (Zea mays L.) or grown alongside it. In other locations where sorghum has been grown for a long time, it is attacked by Colletotrichum sublineola Henn. ex Sacc. & Trotter, a fungal pathogen that causes anthracnose (Colletotrichum sublineola) leaf blight (ALB), thereby diminishing yield. Field surveys were carried out in 2011, 2012, and 2016 to monitor the presence of C. sublineola in commercial sorghum fields in six Pennsylvania locations. Senescing, lower leaves developed lesions that yielded Colletotrichum sp., including isolates of C. sublineola. The pathogen was not recovered from field debris, and ALB symptoms were not observed on the younger leaves of plants. In preparation for widespread cultivation of sorghum in Pennsylvania, we evaluated the performance, in field and greenhouse tests, of 158 experimental lines and commercial hybrids, which had been improved in several states in the United States and in other parts of the world. Sources of resistance to ALB and other foliar diseases were discovered that should be useful in breeding programs targeted for Pennsylvania and for northeastern U.S. climatic conditions. Lines received from ICRISAT, especially ICSB94, showed the highest level of resistance in the field.
Bringing to fore the role of peptides, polyphenols, and polysaccharides in health: The research profile of Jiaoyan Ren
Authors: Ren Jiaoyan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIt is widely accepted that we are what we eat. However, the much talked about nutritional properties and benefits of food depend on the structural characteristics of its constituent molecules. Therefore, Dr. Ren believes in going beyond the traditional food nutrients to focusing on the bioactive food components. Over the past 15 years, she has focused on the structure‐activity relationship and interaction mechanism of bioactive food substances in promoting health. So far, she has mainly focused on peptides, polyphenols, and polysaccharides. In this regard, she has successfully extracted, purified and characterized several bioactive peptides, polyphenols and polysaccharides from plant, marine and animal food sources and explored their effect and roles in different conditions such as hyperuricemia and gout, aging, Alzheimer's disease and memory impairment, fatigue among others.
Identifying surface water evaporation loss of inland river basin based on evaporation enrichment model
Authors: Sun Zhigang , Zhu Guofeng , Zhang Zhuanxia , Xu Yuanxiao , Yong Leilei , Wan Qiaozhuo , Ma Huiying , Sang Liyuan , Liu Yuwei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAccurately quantifying the evaporation loss of surface water is essential for regional water resources management, especially in arid and semi‐arid areas where water resources are already scarce. The long‐term monitoring of stable isotopes (δ18O and δ2H) in water can provide a sensitive indicator of water loss by evaporation. In this study, we obtained surface water samples of Shiyang River Basin from April to October between 2017 and 2019. The spatial and temporal characteristics of stable isotopes in surface water show the trend of enrichment in summer, depletion in spring, enrichment in deserts and depletion in mountains. The Local Evaporation Line (LEL) obtained by the regression of δ2H and δ18O in surface water has been defined by the lines: δ2H = 7.61δ18O + 14.58 for mountainous area, δ2H = 4.19δ18O − 17.85 for oasis area, δ2H = 4.08δ18O − 18.92 for desert area. The slope of LEL shows a gradual decrease from mountain to desert, indicating that the evaporation of surface water is gradually increasing. The evaporation loss of stable isotopes in surface water is 24.82% for mountainous area, 32.19% for oasis area, and 70.98% for desert area, respectively. Temperature and air humidity are the main meteorological factors affecting the evaporation loss, and the construction of reservoirs and farmland irrigation are the main man‐made factors affecting the evaporation loss.
Changes in peripheral blood cytokines in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
Authors: He Zhiquan , Wang Bohao , Li Yi , Hu Kai , Yi Zhijie , Ma Hongxia , Li Xingle , Guo Wanshen , Xu Bianli , Huang Xueyong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSevere fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is recognized as an emerging infectious disease. This study aimed to investigate the pathogenic mechanism of SFTS. A total of 100 subjects were randomly included in the study. Cytokine levels were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and the viral load was detected by micro drop digital PCR. The results showed that levels of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), IL‐8, IL‐10, IFN‐inducible protein‐10 (IP‐10), monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), macrophage inflammatory protein‐1α (MIP‐1α), transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1), and regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted factor (RANTES) differed significantly among the SFTS patient group, healthy people group, and asymptomatic infection group (p < .05). Compared to the healthy people group, the patient group had increased cytokine levels (IL‐6, IL‐10, IP‐10, MCP‐1, and IFN‐γ) but reduced levels of IL‐8, TGF‐β1, and RANTES (p < .0167). IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, IP‐10, MCP‐1, MIP‐1α, TGF‐β1, and the RANTES levels had different trends after the onset of the disease. IL‐6, IL‐10, IP‐10, and MCP‐1 levels in severe patients were higher than those in mild patients (p < .05). There was a positive correlation between viral load and IL‐6 and IP‐10 but a negative correlation between viral load and RANTES. SFTSV could cause a cytokine change: the cytokine levels of patients had different degrees of fluctuation after the onset of the disease. The levels of IL‐6 and IL‐8 in the asymptomatic infection group were found between the SFTS patients group and the healthy people group. The levels of IL‐6, IL‐10, IP‐10, and MCP‐1 in the serum could reflect the severity of the disease, and the levels of IL‐6, IP‐10, and RANTES were correlated with the viral load.
Brain health registry GenePool study: A novel approach to online genetics research
Authors: Fockler Juliet , Kwang Winnie , Ashford Miriam T. , Flenniken Derek , Hwang Joshua , Truran Diana , Mackin R. Scott , Jin Chengshi , O'Hara Ruth , Hallmayer Joachim F. , Yesavage Jerome A. , Weiner Michael W. , Nosheny Rachel L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionRemote data collection, including the establishment of online registries, is a novel approach to efficiently identify risk for cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in older adults, with growing evidence for feasibility and validity. Addition of genetic data to online registries has the potential to facilitate identification of older adults at risk and to advance the understanding of genetic contributions to AD.Methods573 older adult participants with longitudinal online Brain Health Registry (BHR) data underwent apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotyping using remotely collected saliva samples and a novel, automated Biofluid Collection Management Portal. We evaluated acceptability of genetic sample collection and estimated associations between (1) sociodemographic variables and willingness to participate in genetics research and (2) APOE results and online cognitive and functional assessments. We also assessed acceptance of hypothetical genetics research participation by surveying a larger sample of 25,888 BHR participants.Results51% of invited participants enrolled in the BHR genetics study, BHR‐GenePool Study (BHR‐GPS); 27% of participants had at least one APOE ε4 allele. Older participants and those with higher educational attainment were more likely to participate. In the remotely administered Cogstate Brief Battery, APOE ε4/ε4 homozygotes (HM) had worse online learning scores, and greater decline in processing speed and attention, compared to ε3/ε4 heterozygotes (HT) and ε4 non‐carriers (NC).DiscussionAPOE genotyping of more than 500 older adults enrolled in BHR supports the feasibility and validity of a novel, remote biofluids collection approach from a large cohort of older adults, with data linkage to longitudinal online cognitive data. This approach can be expanded for efficient collection of genetic data and other information from biofluids in the future.
Operationalizing Pandemic Vaccinations at a Regional Supermarket Chain Pharmacy
Authors: Gessler Chiara A. , Richardson Reneé M. , Hall Deanne L. , Coley Kim C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCommunity pharmacies were underutilized as vaccination locations during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. Since that time, community pharmacies are a common location for seasonal influenza vaccinations with approximately one-third of adults now getting vaccinated at a pharmacy. Leveraging community pharmacies to vaccinate during a pandemic such as pandemic influenza or the current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic will result in a more timely and comprehensive public health response. The purpose of this article is to summarize the results of a strategic planning meeting held in 2017 that focused on operationalizing pandemic influenza vaccinations at a regional supermarket chain pharmacy. Participating in the planning session from the supermarket chain were organizational experts in pharmacy clinical programs, managed care, operations leadership, supply chain, information technology, loss prevention, marketing, and compliance. Additionally, experts from the county and state departments of health and university faculty collaborated in the planning session. Topics addressed included (1) establishing a memorandum of understanding with the state, (2) developing an internal emergency response plan, (3) scaling the pandemic response, (4) considerations for pharmacy locations, (5) staffing for pandemic response, (6) pandemic vaccine-specific training, (7) pharmacy workflow, (8) billing considerations, (9) documentation, (10) supplies and equipment, (11) vaccine supply chain, (12) communications, and (13) security and crowd control. Information from this planning session may be valuable to community pharmacies across the nation that seek to participate in COVID-19 pandemic vaccinations.
Understanding the Impact of COVID-19 on Physician Moms
Authors: Pearson Claire , Levine Miriam , Messman Anne , Chopra Teena , Awali Reda , Robb Lauren , Melikian Ryan , Janis Andrea , Levine Diane L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjective:This study evaluates the personal and professional experiences of physician mothers during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the impact of the pandemic on the lives of physician mothers.Methods:Using social media to reach a broad range of physicians, a convenience sample of physician mothers completed an on-line survey posted between April 27 and May 11. Members were encouraged to repost on social media and share with personal contacts resulting in a passive snowball sampling effect.Results:A total of 2709 physician mothers from 48 states, Puerto Rico, and 19 countries representing more than 25 medical specialties completed the survey. Most were between 30 and 39 y of age, 67% self-identified as white, 17% as Asian, 4% as African American. Most had been working for 11-16 y. A total of 91% had a spouse/partner of the opposite sex. Over half were practicing in an area they identified as high COVID-19 density, while 50% had personally cared for a person with COVID-19. Physician mothers were most concerned about exposing their children to COVID-19 and about the morale and safety of their staff.Conclusions:This is one of the first studies to explore the personal and professional challenges facing physician mothers during a pandemic. Physician mothers were most concerned about exposing their families to COVID-19. Mothers continued to work and at times increased their work, despite having domestic, childcare, and schooling responsibilities.