bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Case of Geroderma Osteodysplasticum Syndrome: Unique Clinical Findings
Authors: Alotaibi Maha , Aldhubaiban Deema , Alasmari Ahmed , Alotaibi Leena 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGeroderma osteodysplasticum (GO; MIM 231070) is characterized by a typical progeroid facial appearance, wrinkled, lax skin, joint laxity, skeletal abnormalities with variable degree of osteopenia, frequent fractures, scoliosis, bowed long bones, vertebral collapse, and hyperextensible fingers. The disorder results from mutations in the GORAB—golgin, RAB6 interacting. This gene encodes a member of the golgin family, a group of coiled-coil proteins on golgin that maps to chromosome 1q24. The encoded protein has a function in the secretory pathway, was identified by terminal kinase-like protein, and thus, it may function in mitosis. Mutations in this gene have been associated with GO. Herein, we describe the clinical presentation of one young male patient from related Saudi parents. Mutations, a homozygous frameshift mutation (c.306dup p.(pro 103 Thrfs*20)). Interestingly, phenotypic variability was observed in this patient with GO features that were more atypical than the cases reported in the literature as he looks tall stature where most of the cases reported were short and arachnodactyly fingers which mimic other syndromes.
Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Temporally Associated with SARS-CoV-2—Case Series of a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in Portugal
Authors: Miranda João , Grilo Marta , Baptista Carolina , Melo Ana Reis e , Tavares Margarida , Ribeiro Augusto 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; PIMS-TS) is a novel condition with persistent fever, inflammation, and single or multiorgan dysfunction. We aimed to describe the characteristics of children more severely affected and our clinical approach. We retrospectively collected clinical, treatment, and early outcomes data during a 3-month period in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a tertiary university hospital in Portugal. Twelve children who fulfilled the Royal College of Pediatrics and Child Health case definition were hospitalized, seven needed PICU admission. Median age was 13 years and three were overweight, with no other comorbidity. All had positive immunoglobulin G antibodies for SARS-CoV-2. All presented with prolonged fever, asthenia, hypotension, and shock. Other prominent symptoms were abdominal complaints and rash. All patients had leukocytosis, neutrophilia, and marked elevation of inflammatory markers. Cardiac involvement was observed in all patients with elevated levels of troponin and B-type natriuretic peptide along with left ventricular hypokinesis. Depressed left ventricular function was observed in four patients. All patients received broad-spectrum antibiotics, intravenous immunoglobulin, methylprednisolone, low-dose aspirin, and vasoactive medications. Four patients received prophylactic enoxaparin. All patients needed supplementary oxygen; however, high-flow oxygen therapy and noninvasive ventilatory support with positive end-expiratory pressure were required in three and two patients, respectively. Five patients required invasive mechanical ventilation. The mean duration of PICU stay was 7.1 days. The median Pediatric Risk of Mortality-III score was 9 and no mortality was observed. PIMS-TS demands a prompt and multidisciplinary approach. Risk factors, best clinical pathway, and long-term complications are still unknown.
Sinonasal Packing is Not a Requisite for Successful Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Repair
Authors: Asmaro Karam , Yoo Frederick , Yassin-Kassab Abdulkader , Bazydlo Michael , Robin Adam M. , Rock Jack P. , Craig John R. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background Numerous methods have been described to repair nasal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks. Most studies have focused on optimizing CSF leak repair success, leading to closure rates of 90 to 95%.
Objective This study aimed to determine if excellent reconstruction rates could be achieved without using sinonasal packing.
Methods A prospective case series of 73 consecutive patients with various CSF leak etiologies and skull base defects was conducted to evaluate reconstruction success without sinonasal packing. The primary outcome measure was postoperative CSF leak. Secondary outcome measures were postoperative epistaxis requiring intervention in operating room or emergency department, infectious sinusitis, and 22-item sinonasal outcome test (SNOT-22) changes.
Results Mean age was 54.5 years and 64% were female. Multilayered reconstructions were performed in 55.3% of cases, with collagen or bone epidural inlay grafts, and nasal mucosal grafts or nasoseptal flaps for onlay layers. Onlay-only reconstructions with mucosal grafts or nasoseptal flaps were performed in 44.7% of cases. Tissue sealants were used in all cases, and lumbar drains were used in 40.8% of cases. There were two initial failures (97.4% initial success), but both resolved with lumbar drains alone (no revision surgeries). There were no instances of postoperative epistaxis requiring intervention in the operating room or emergency department. Infectious sinusitis occurred in 2.7% of patients in the first 3 months postoperatively. SNOT-22 did not change significantly from preoperatively to first postoperative visits, then improved over time.
Conclusion Nasal CSF leaks from various etiologies and defect sites were successfully repaired without using sinonasal packing, and patients experienced minimal sinonasal morbidity.
9 Anodic Arylation Reactions
Authors: Selt M. , Waldvogel S. R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe arylation of organic compounds is a tremendously important tool in organic synthesis, since substituted (het)arenes are essential moieties in many applications ranging from organic intermediates to natural products, pharmaceuticals, and materials. Therefore, an effective, sustainable, and economic synthetic accesses to such compounds is of great demand. This chapter covers the arylation of carbon and heteroatom compounds via an electrooxidative pathway. Direct dehydrogenative methods without the application of a metal catalyst as well as constant-current electrolyses are emphasized. The electrochemical synthesis of biaryl compounds, arylalkanes and arylalkenes, as well as arylated nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur compounds are described in detail. Additionally, the synthesis of heterocycles through anodic arylation reactions is discussed.
14 Electrochemistry in Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Lam K. , Leech M. C. , Lennox A. J. J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe multistep synthesis of natural products has historically served as a useful and informative platform for showcasing the best, state-of-the-art synthetic methodologies and technologies. Over the last several decades, electrochemistry has proved itself to be a useful tool for conducting redox reactions. This is primarily due to its unique ability to selectively apply any oxidizing or reducing potential to a sufficiently conductive reaction solution. Electrochemical redox reactions are readily scaled and can be more sustainable than competing strategies based on conventional redox reagents. In this chapter, we summarize the examples where electrochemistry has been used in the synthesis of natural products. The chapter is organized by the reaction type of the electrochemical step and covers both oxidative and reductive reaction modes.
The Relationship Between Racial Prejudice and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Risk at the State and County Level
Authors: Zestcott Colin A , Ruiz John M , Tietje Kalley R , Stone Jeff 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Robust evidence shows that perceived discrimination among stigmatized groups is associated with negative health outcomes. However, little work has examined whether holding prejudiced attitudes toward others is associated with health risks for prejudiced individuals.

Purpose
The study is a test of the hypothesis that holding prejudicial attitudes has negative health implications for both the holders and targets of prejudicial attitudes.

Methods
The project connected data (2003–2015) at the state and county levels on average explicit and implicit prejudice held by White, Black, and Native American respondents from Project Implicit with data on cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality for White, Black, and Native American individuals from the CDC Wonder database. Separate analyses regressed implicit and explicit prejudice on CVD mortality risk for White, Black, and Native American individuals, respectively.

Results
At the state level, among White individuals, explicit prejudice toward Blacks (β = .431, p =.037) and implicit prejudice toward Native Americans (β = .283, p = .045) were positively associated with greater CVD mortality for Whites. At the county level, White individuals’ implicit prejudice toward Blacks (β =.081, p = .015) and Black individuals’ implicit prejudice toward Whites (β = −.066, p = .018) were associated with greater CVD mortality for Whites. Also, at the county-level, among Black individuals, higher implicit (β = −.133, p &lt; .001) and explicit (β = −.176, p &lt; .001) prejudice toward Whites predicted CVD mortality for Blacks. Moreover, explicit prejudice held by White individuals was positively associated with Blacks’ county-level CVD deaths (β = .074, p = .036).

Conclusions
This evidence suggests that across racial groups, holding racial prejudice is associated with CVD mortality risk for both the prejudiced and the stigmatized groups. Future research should verify the reliability of this potential public health effect with additional work explicating moderators and mediators to inform surveillance and interventions.
Evolution of the coniferous seed scale
Authors: Herting Julian , Stützel Thomas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Florin model is the commonly accepted theory of coniferous seed scale evolution. It describes the derivation of extant seed scale morphology from the morphology of fossil conifers via the reduction of complex to simple axillary structures. In this framework the seed scale is composed of a reduced lateral shoot with fertile and sterile appendages which are interpreted as leaf homologues.ScopeThe Florin model has three crucial problems that we address here: (1) the original derivation series does not take the ontogeny of extant conifers into account, (2) it cannot explain the morphology of all extant conifers and (3) Taxaceae were originally excluded. Examination of seed cones of extant conifers shows that ovules occur in three different positions in the cone: in an axillary position, replacing a leaf or terminating the cone axis. By interpreting the fertile appendage or seed-bearing structure as a leaf, not all positions are possible. The exclusion of Taxaceae from conifers is in stark contrast to recent molecular phylogenetic studies, which include Taxaceae in conifers as sister to Cupressaceae. Therefore, the Florin model does not offer an adequate explanation for taxaceous morphology.ConclusionWe conclude that the seed-bearing structure of conifers cannot be interpreted as homologous to a leaf. In the interpretation we present here, the seed-bearing structure is the modified funiculus of the ovule, multiples of which laterally fuse to form the seed scale. The seed scales of all extant conifers can be derived from a Cunninghamia-like morphology via fusion and reduction of individual funiculi.
Benchmarking table recognition performance on biomedical literature on neurological disorders
Authors: Adams Tim , Namysl Marcin , Kodamullil Alpha Tom , Behnke Sven , Jacobs Marc 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Table recognition systems are widely used to extract and structure quantitative information from the vast amount of documents that are increasingly available from different open sources. While many systems already perform well on tables with a simple layout, tables in the biomedical domain are often much more complex. Benchmark and training data for such tables are however very limited.

Results
To address this issue, we present a novel, highly curated benchmark dataset based on a hand-curated literature corpus on neurological disorders, which can be used to tune and evaluate table extraction applications for this challenging domain. We evaluate several state-of-the-art table extraction systems based on our proposed benchmark and discuss challenges that emerged during the benchmark creation as well as factors that can impact the performance of recognition methods. For the evaluation procedure, we propose a new metric as well as several improvements that result in a better performance evaluation.

Availability and implementation
The resulting benchmark dataset (https://zenodo.org/record/5549977) as well as the source code to our novel evaluation approach can be openly accessed.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Five-Year Mortality for Adults Entering Human Immunodeficiency Virus Care Under Universal Early Treatment Compared With the General US Population
Authors: Edwards Jessie K , Cole Stephen R , Breger Tiffany L , Filiatreau Lindsey M , Zalla Lauren , Mulholland Grace E , Horberg Michael A , Silverberg Michael J , John Gill M , Rebeiro Peter F , Thorne Jennifer E , Kasaie Parastu , Marconi Vincent C , Sterling Timothy R , Althoff Keri N , Moore Richard D , Eron Joseph J 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundMortality among adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains elevated over those in the US general population, even in the years after entry into HIV care. We explore whether the elevation in 5-year mortality would have persisted if all adults with HIV had initiated antiretroviral therapy within 3 months of entering care.MethodsAmong 82 766 adults entering HIV care at North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration clinical sites in the United States, we computed mortality over 5 years since entry into HIV care under observed treatment patterns. We then used inverse probability weights to estimate mortality under universal early treatment. To compare mortality with those for similar individuals in the general population, we used National Center for Health Statistics data to construct a cohort representing the subset of the US population matched to study participants on key characteristics.ResultsFor the entire study period (1999–2017), the 5-year mortality among adults with HIV was 7.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.6%–8.2%) higher than expected based on the US general population. Under universal early treatment, the elevation in mortality for people with HIV would have been 7.2% (95% CI: 5.8%–8.6%). In the most recent calendar period examined (2011–2017), the elevation in mortality for people with HIV was 2.6% (95% CI: 2.0%–3.3%) under observed treatment patterns and 2.1% (.0%–4.2%) under universal early treatment.ConclusionsExpanding early treatment may modestly reduce, but not eliminate, the elevation in mortality for people with HIV.
Neutralizing Antibody Response to Pseudotype Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Differs Between mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccines and by History of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Tyner Harmony L , Burgess Jefferey L , Grant Lauren , Gaglani Manjusha , Kuntz Jennifer L , Naleway Allison L , Thornburg Natalie J , Caban-Martinez Alberto J , Yoon Sarang K , Herring Meghan K , Beitel Shawn C , Blanton Lenee , Nikolich-Zugich Janko , Thiese Matthew S , Pleasants Jessica Flores , Fowlkes Ashley L , Lutrick Karen , Dunnigan Kayan , Yoo Young M , Rose Spencer , Groom Holly , Meece Jennifer , Wesley Meredith G , Schaefer-Solle Natasha , Louzado-Feliciano Paola , Edwards Laura J , Olsho Lauren E W , Thompson Mark G 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Data on the development of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 after SARS-CoV-2 infection and after vaccination with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are limited.

Methods
From a prospective cohort of 3975 adult essential and frontline workers tested weekly from August 2020 to March 2021 for SARS-CoV-2 infection by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction assay irrespective of symptoms, 497 participants had sera drawn after infection (170), vaccination (327), and after both infection and vaccination (50 from the infection population). Serum was collected after infection and each vaccine dose. Serum-neutralizing antibody titers against USA-WA1/2020-spike pseudotype virus were determined by the 50% inhibitory dilution. Geometric mean titers (GMTs) and corresponding fold increases were calculated using t tests and linear mixed-effects models.

Results
Among 170 unvaccinated participants with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 158 (93%) developed nAbs with a GMT of 1003 (95% confidence interval, 766–1315). Among 139 previously uninfected participants, 138 (99%) developed nAbs after mRNA vaccine dose 2 with a GMT of 3257 (2596–4052). GMT was higher among those receiving mRNA-1273 vaccine (GMT, 4698; 3186–6926) compared with BNT162b2 vaccine (GMT, 2309; 1825–2919). Among 32 participants with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, GMT was 21 655 (14 766–31 756) after mRNA vaccine dose 1, without further increase after dose 2.

Conclusions
A single dose of mRNA vaccine after SARS-CoV-2 infection resulted in the highest observed nAb response. Two doses of mRNA vaccine in previously uninfected participants resulted in higher nAbs to SARS-CoV-2 than after 1 dose of vaccine or SARS-CoV-2 infection alone. nAb response also differed by mRNA vaccine product.
Urgent endovascular repair of thoracoabdominal aneurysms using an off-the-shelf multibranched endograft
Authors: Gallitto Enrico , Faggioli Gianluca , Spath Paolo , Pini Rodolfo , Mascoli Chiara , Logiacco Antonino , Gargiulo Mauro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Our goal was to report outcomes of the endovascular repair of urgent thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAAs) using the Cook Zenith t-Branch off-the-shelf multibranched endograft.

METHODS
Between 2010 and 2020, we collected patients with TAAAs who received an urgent endovascular repair using the Cook Zenith t-Branch (had a rupture, symptoms or diameter &gt;80 mm). Thirty-day mortality, spinal cord ischaemia (SCI) and clinical success were assessed as early outcomes. Freedom from reintervention, target visceral vessel patency and survival were considered during follow-up.

RESULTS
Sixty-five cases were managed using the Cook Zenith t-Branch for 27 (42%) TAAA ruptures, 8 (12%) symptomatic TAAAs and 30 (46%) asymptomatic TAAAs with a diameter &gt;80 mm. Crawford’s extent I–II–III and IV were noted in 54 (83%) and 11 (17%), respectively. Eleven (17%) patients had SCI with 3 (5%) cases of permanent paraplegia. Postoperative dialysis (P = 0.04) and ruptured TAAAs (P = 0.05) were associated with SCI. Sixteen (25%) patients had reinterventions within the first 30 days postoperatively. The 30-day mortality was 14% (9). Ruptured TAAAs (P = 0.05) and technical failures (P = 0.01) were correlated with in-hospital mortality. Clinical success was 78% (51 patients). The mean follow-up was 18 ± 14 months. Survival at 24 months was 47% with no late TAAA-related deaths. Patients with ruptured TAAAs had lower survival than those who did not have ruptured TAAAs (52% vs 60% at 1 year; P = 0.05). Target visceral vessel patency and freedom from reintervention at 24 months were 89% and 60%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
An off-the-shelf multibranched endograft is safe and effective for treating urgent TAAAs. Postoperative SCI and 30-day mortality are satisfactory for this challenging clinical scenario. The early reintervention rate is not negligible. Midterm survival is low, especially in patients with a ruptured TAAA; therefore, accurate patient selection is mandatory.
Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics in Mexican Management Forest: Simulation of Biomass Harvesting and C and N Amendments
Authors: Ordoñez Maria-Cristina , Galicia Leopoldo , Valladares-Samperio Karla 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSustainable silvicultural management requires the maintenance of long-term ecosystem processes. We used the CENTURY model to simulate the impact of wood extraction and organic amendments on aboveground biomass, carbon (C) storage, and the availability of nitrogen (N) in the two dominant silvicultural methods in Mexico: the silvicultural development method (SDM) and irregular forest management (IFM). The values of the mean absolute percentage error for the SDM and IFM were 2.1% and 3.3% for C in aboveground biomass, 5.7% and 5.0% for soil organic carbon (SOC), and 14.9% and 21.6% for N, respectively. Simulation for the SDM (1967–2068) suggested a reduction of ~7% in C in soil, microbial biomass, and litter, 9% in aboveground biomass C, and ~20% in the mineral N available. For IFM, the simulation (2009–2019) suggested a reduction of 14% in the accumulation of aboveground biomass and 13% in the mineral N available. Simulation of the adoption of management practices suggested that N mineral availability would increase by 2%–3% without drastically reducing the SOC, improving aboveground biomass production by ~7%, in each management system.Study ImplicationsIn Mexico, current silvicultural management is causing alterations in the biological and chemical processes of the soil, but the future impacts on the production of forest wood and loss of fertility cannot be estimated by direct measurements. We simulated two silvicultural management alternatives with two rotation cycles and measured the response in terms of SOC, nitrogen availability, and aboveground biomass. The model shows that improving forest residue management by adding organic amendments to the soil would counteract changes in soil microbial activity, nitrogen availability, SOC, and aboveground biomass in the future. Managers should consider this information to reorient current crop residue management to achieve the objectives and the sustainability of forest management in Mexican temperate forests.
P-wave anisotropic tomography of NE China: insight into lithospheric deformation, mantle dynamics and intraplate volcanism
Authors: Jia Ruo , Zhao Dapeng , Wu Jianping 
Published: December 2021

SUMMARY
We determine robust 3-D P-wave anisotropic tomography of the crust and upper mantle beneath NE China using high-quality traveltime data of local earthquakes and teleseismic events recorded at 334 network and portable stations. In the upper crust, nearly E-W fast-velocity directions (FVDs) of azimuthal anisotropy are revealed in the central Songliao basin, which is surrounded by circular-shaped FVDs along the basin edges. The E-W FVDs may reflect microcracks or fractures in the upper crust, which are aligned under the control of regional tectonic stress. In the lower crust, low-velocity (low-V) anomalies with NE-SW FVDs exist along the Tanlu fault zone, which may reflect NE-SW trending ductile deformation or viscous flow along the fault zone. The FVDs are mainly NNW-SSE to N-S in the uppermost mantle beneath most of the study region, which may reflect fossil deformation of the mantle lithosphere caused by the Palaeo-Pacific plate subduction. High-velocity anomalies with NE-SW FVDs are revealed at ∼100 km depth directly beneath the Great XingAn Mountain, which may reflect an old lithospheric remnant. In the deep upper mantle, the FVDs are mostly NW-SE, consistent with SKS splitting measurements, which may be closely related to the intermittently retreating stagnant Pacific slab beneath East Asia. Under the Changbai and other intraplate volcanoes in NE China, prominent low-V anomalies exist in the big mantle wedge (BMW) above the slab in the mantle transition zone, suggesting that these volcanoes are caused by hot and wet upwelling flows in the BMW closely associated with the deep subduction and dehydration of the western Pacific plate.