bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migration, work, and retirement: the case of Mexican-origin populations
Authors: Aguila Emma , Lee Zeewan , Wong Rebeca 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMexico and the United States both face rapid population aging as well as older populations with high poverty rates. Among the most vulnerable populations of retirement age in either nation are Mexican immigrants to the United States. This work uses data from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study and the Mexican Health and Aging Study to assess retirement decisions among persons born in Mexico and working in either nation as well as such decisions by non-Hispanic Whites in the United States. Social security system incentives matter for the retirement of Mexican immigrants in the U.S. but not for return-migrants in Mexico.
‘DIFFERENT THAN A REGULAR WHITE’
Authors: Efird Caroline R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractQualitative research can clarify how the racialized social system of Whiteness influences White Americans’ health beliefs in ways that are not easily captured through survey data. This secondary analysis draws upon oral history interviews (n=24) conducted in 2019 with Whites in a rural region of Appalachian western North Carolina. Interviewees discussed personal life history, community culture, health beliefs, and experiences with healthcare systems and services. Thematic analysis conveyed two distinct orientations toward health and healthcare: (1) bootstraps perspective, and (2) structural perspective. Whiteness did not uniformly shape interviewees’ perceptions of health and healthcare, rather, individual experiences throughout their life course and the racialized social system contributed to these Appalachian residents’ assessments of who is responsible for health and healthcare. Dissatisfaction with the Affordable Care Act was salient among interviewees whose life stories reflected meritocratic ideals, regardless of education level, age, or gender identity. They apprised strong work ethic as a core community value, assuming that personal contributions to the social system match the rewards that one receives in return for individual effort. Conversely, interviewees who were primarily socialized outside of rural Appalachia acknowledged some macro-level social determinants of health and expressed support for universal healthcare models. Findings suggest that there is not one uniform type of “rural White” within this region of Appalachia. Interventions designed to increase support for health equity promoting policies and programs should consider how regional and place-based factors shape White Americans’ sense of identity and subsequent health beliefs, attitudes, and voting behaviors. In this Appalachian region, some White residents’ general mistrust of outsiders indicates that efforts to garner more political will for health-promoting social programs should be presented by local, trusted residents who exhibit a structural perspective of health and healthcare.
Internationalising Arts, Gaining Visibility: Internationalisation of the National Art Gallery through the Promulgation of the Malayan Identity and Commonwealth Ideals
Authors: Abdullah Sarena 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe early history of the Malaysian National Art Gallery has been thoroughly elucidated through many different sources but its role as promoter of Malaysia’s art in the first ten years of its early formation have never been critically examined. This paper will trace the transnational relationship of the National Art Gallery through its exhibitions co-organised with the Commonwealth Institute in London within the larger context of the post-World War II period and the British decolonisation in Malaya. This paper will situate and contextualise its research on Malaya’s early exhibition history on multiculturalism and the Malayan identity framework, and later draw the link and connection between the Commonwealth Institute and the context of its establishment in Britain and the establishment of the National Art Gallery in Malaya. Subsequently, this paper will trace and demonstrate the importance of these early exhibitions to be understood in the larger context of (a) the need to exert international visibility during the period of Confrontation and (b) the exhibition as a platform that mooted the Malayan identity that aligns with the core values and principles of the Commonwealth. As such, this paper demonstrates that the transnational relations between the National Art Gallery and the Commonwealth Institute in the realm of Malaysia’s exhibition history must be analysed in tandem with the issues that are faced by a new British Commonwealth country, i.e., Malaysia during the immediate post-war period.
Imagery Rescripting Helps Victims Cope With Experienced	Injustice
Authors: Twardawski Mathias , Gollwitzer Mario , Altenmüller Marlene S. , Kunze Anna E. , Wittekind Charlotte E. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract. In clinical psychology, imagery rescripting (ImRs) is a promising intervention to target negative emotional memories after victimization experiences. The present research tested the effects of ImRs in “minor” cases of experienced injustice. After imagining being the victim of an injustice, participants ( N = 272) were randomly assigned to one of four conditions in a univariate design (treatment: active ImRs, passive ImRs; control: pleasant imagery, imagery rehearsal). Dependent variables were positive and negative affect; mediator variables were justice-related satisfaction and empowerment. Both justice-related satisfaction and empowerment increased positive and decreased negative affect, but empowerment was higher in the active than in the passive ImRs condition (while justice-related satisfaction was increased by both ImRs conditions). These results suggest that ImRs can be beneficial even in minor victimization experiences and that these beneficial effects are mediated by both empowerment and justice-related satisfaction.
Seismic Inversion by Hybrid Machine Learning
Authors: Chen Yuqing , Saygin Erdinc 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe present a hybrid machine learning (HML) inversion method, which uses the latent space (LS) features of a convolutional autoencoder (CAE) to estimate the subsurface velocity model. The LS features are the effective low‐dimensional representation of the high‐dimensional seismic data. However, no equations exist to describe the relationship between the perturbation of an LS feature and the velocity perturbation. To address this problem, we use automatic differentiation (AD) to connect the two terms. Following this step, we use the wave‐equation inversion to invert the LS features for the subsurface velocity model. The HML misfit function measures the LS feature differences between the observed and predicted seismic data in a low‐dimensional space, which is less affected by the cycle‐skipping problem compared to the waveform mismatch in a high‐dimensional space. A low dimensional LS feature mainly contains the kinematic information of seismic data, while a large dimensional LS feature can also preserve the dynamic information of seismic data. Therefore, the HML inversion can recover the subsurface velocity model in a multiscale approach by inverting the LS features with different dimensions. Based on the different ways of utilizing AD to compute the velocity gradient, we propose full‐ and semi‐automatic approaches to solve this problem. These two approaches are mathematically equivalent; the former is easier to implement, while the latter is computationally more efficient. Numerical tests show that the HML inversion method can effectively recover both the low‐ and high‐wavenumber velocity information by inverting the LS features with different dimensions.
The Dust Emission Potential of Agricultural‐Like Fires—Theoretical Estimates From Two Conceptually Different Dust Emission Parameterizations
Authors: Wagner R. , Schepanski K. , Klose M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAgricultural fires affecting grass‐, crop‐ and shrublands represent a major, mainly anthropogenically driven disturbance of many ecosystems. In addition to emissions of carbonaceous aerosol, they were found to inject also mineral dust particles into the atmosphere. The fires can significantly modulate the near‐surface wind patterns so that conditions suitable for dust emission occur. However, the exact emission mechanism has not been investigated so far, but is inevitable for the understanding of its impacts on the Earth system. Here, we test two dust emission parameterizations representing saltation bombardment (SALT) and direct aerodynamic dust entrainment by (convective) turbulence (convective turbulent dust emission, CTDE) in the context of fire‐modulated wind patterns using large‐eddy simulation with an idealized setup to represent typical agricultural fire settings. Favorable aerodynamic preconditions for the initialization of both emission processes are found, however, with sometimes significant differences in dust emission flux depending on specific wind and fire properties. The strong fire‐induced modulations of the instantaneous momentum flux suggest that CTDE can be a very potent emission process in the fire vicinity. Nevertheless, fire impacts on the friction velocity can be significant too, so that dust emission through SALT is facilitated as well. Ultimately, the specific aerodynamic conditions within pyro‐convectively modulated wind patterns require the development of a parameterization that can describe these unique fire‐related dust emissions and their influencing factors properly. This will finally allow for considering fire‐induced dust emissions in aerosol‐atmosphere models and an investigation of its atmospheric impacts such as on the radiation budget.
Increased Vegetation in Mountainous Headwaters Amplifies Water Stress During Dry Periods
Authors: Vicente‐Serrano S. M. , Domínguez‐Castro F. , Murphy C. , Peña‐Angulo D. , Tomas‐Burguera M. , Noguera I. , López‐Moreno J. I. , Juez C. , Grainger S. , Eklundh L. , Conradt T. , Azorin‐Molina C. , El Kenawy A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe dynamics of blue and green water partitioning under vegetation and climate change, as well as their different interactions during wet and dry periods, are poorly understood in the literature. We analyzed the impact of vegetation changes on blue water generation in a central Spanish Pyrenees basin undergoing intense afforestation. We found that vegetation change is a key driver of large decreases in blue water availability. The effect of vegetation increase is amplified during dry years, and mainly during the dry season, with streamflow reductions of more than 50%. This pattern can be attributed primarily to increased plant water consumption. Our findings highlight the importance of vegetation changes in reinforcing the decrease in water resource availability. With aridity expected to rise in southern Europe over the next few decades, interactions between climate and land management practices appear to be amplifying future hydrological drought risk in the region.
Middle Crustal Partial Melting Triggered Since the Mid‐Miocene in Southern Tibet: Insights From Magnetotelluric Data
Authors: Xie Chengliang , Jin Sheng , Wei Wenbo , Ye Gaofeng , Jing Jianen , Zhang Letian , Dong Hao , Yin Yaotian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA weak middle crust induced by fluid phases is generally considered to exist beneath the Himalayan‐Tibetan orogen; however, there remains controversy regarding the interpretation of high‐conductivity and low‐velocity regions imaged in various geophysical studies. To better understand middle crustal rheological behaviors and associated triggering mechanisms beneath southern Tibet, we present a geoelectrical model derived from a three‐dimensional magnetotelluric inversion in this study. An effective conductivity of 0.3 S/m at depths of 10–28 km indicates a high melt fraction of ∼35 vol% in the Lhasa terrane. In the Tethyan Himalayan orogen, an effective conductivity of <0.2 S/m corresponds to a melt fraction <15 vol%, which is lower than previous estimations. We obtain very low viscosities either from laboratory data (1010–1012 Pa s) or empirical models (1016–1018 Pa s). A combination of radiogenic heat and strain heating may account for the weakened middle crust. We prefer a weak coupling between crustal east‐west extensions and mantle lithospheric deformations.
Reshaping cortical connectivity in traumatic spinal cord injury: a novel effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy
Authors: Marrosu Francesco , Mancosu Stefano , Lai Gianluca , Fraschini Matteo , Muroni Antonella , Demuru Matteo , Monticone Marco , Defazio Giovanni 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) represent a severe neuro-traumatic occurrence and an excruciating social burden. Though the hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) has been credited as a first line therapeutic resource for SCIs, its mechanism of action in the spine is only partially known, while the impingement upon other areas of the nervous system deserves additional investigation. In this study we deem to describe a novel effect of HBO2 in a subject affected by SCI who, along with the clinical improvement, showed a reshaped connectivity in cortical sensory-motor areas.

Case presentation
A 45 years male presenting severe sensory-motor symptoms following a spinal lesion partially involving the C1 segment was successfully treated with HBO2 cycles. After the dramatic improvement reflected by an excellent optimization of the single performances, it has been investigated whether this result would reveal not only an intrinsic effect upon the spinal cord, but also a better connectivity strength in sensory-motor cortical regions. The results obtained by implementing EEG recordings with EEGLAB auto regressive vector plugins indeed suggest a substantial reshaping of cortico-cortical connectivity after HBO2.

Discussion
These results show a correlation between positive clinical evolution and a new modulation of cortical connectivity. Though further clinical investigations would clarify as to whether HBO2 might be directly or epiphenomenally involved in this aspect of the network architecture, our report suggests that a comparison between clinical results and the study of brain connectivity represent a holistic approach in investigating the physiopathology of SCIs and in monitoring the treatment.
NSUN2 modified by SUMO-2/3 promotes gastric cancer progression and regulates mRNA m5C methylation
Authors: Hu Yuanbo , Chen Chenbin , Tong Xinya , Chen Sian , Hu Xianjing , Pan Bujian , Sun Xiangwei , Chen Zhiyuan , Shi Xinyu , Hu Yingying , Shen Xian , Xue Xiangyang , Lu Mingdong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe 5-methylcytosine (m5C) RNA methyltransferase NSUN2 is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and metastasis formation and is upregulated in multiple cancers. However, the biological significance of NSUN2 in gastric cancer (GC) and the modification of NSUN2 itself have not been fully investigated. Here, we analyzed the expression level of NSUN2 in tissue microarrays containing 403 GC tissues by immunohistochemistry. NSUN2 was upregulated in GC, and that it was a predictor of poor prognosis. NSUN2 promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells in vitro. We also demonstrated that small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-2/3 interacts directly with NSUN2 by stabilizing it and mediating its nuclear transport. This facilitates the carcinogenic activity of NSUN2. Furthermore, m5C bisulfite sequencing (Bis-seq) in NSUN2-deficient GC cells showed that m5C-methylated genes are involved in multiple cancer-related signaling pathways. PIK3R1 and PCYT1A may be the target genes that participate in GC progression. Our findings revealed a novel mechanism by which NSUN2 functions in GC progression. This may provide new treatment options for GC patients.
Spatial localisation meets biomolecular networks
Authors: Menon Govind , Krishnan J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSpatial organisation through localisation/compartmentalisation of species is a ubiquitous but poorly understood feature of cellular biomolecular networks. Current technologies in systems and synthetic biology (spatial proteomics, imaging, synthetic compartmentalisation) necessitate a systematic approach to elucidating the interplay of networks and spatial organisation. We develop a systems framework towards this end and focus on the effect of spatial localisation of network components revealing its multiple facets: (i) As a key distinct regulator of network behaviour, and an enabler of new network capabilities (ii) As a potent new regulator of pattern formation and self-organisation (iii) As an often hidden factor impacting inference of temporal networks from data (iv) As an engineering tool for rewiring networks and network/circuit design. These insights, transparently arising from the most basic considerations of networks and spatial organisation, have broad relevance in natural and engineered biology and in related areas such as cell-free systems, systems chemistry and bionanotechnology.
Variant PCGF1-PRC1 links PRC2 recruitment with differentiation-associated transcriptional inactivation at target genes
Authors: Sugishita Hiroki , Kondo Takashi , Ito Shinsuke , Nakayama Manabu , Yakushiji-Kaminatsui Nayuta , Kawakami Eiryo , Koseki Yoko , Ohinata Yasuhide , Sharif Jafar , Harachi Mio , Blackledge Neil P. , Klose Robert J. , Koseki Haruhiko 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPolycomb repressive complexes-1 and -2 (PRC1 and 2) silence developmental genes in a spatiotemporal manner during embryogenesis. How Polycomb group (PcG) proteins orchestrate down-regulation of target genes upon differentiation, however, remains elusive. Here, by differentiating embryonic stem cells into embryoid bodies, we reveal a crucial role for the PCGF1-containing variant PRC1 complex (PCGF1-PRC1) to mediate differentiation-associated down-regulation of a group of genes. Upon differentiation cues, transcription is down-regulated at these genes, in association with PCGF1-PRC1-mediated deposition of histone H2AK119 mono-ubiquitination (H2AK119ub1) and PRC2 recruitment. In the absence of PCGF1-PRC1, both H2AK119ub1 deposition and PRC2 recruitment are disrupted, leading to aberrant expression of target genes. PCGF1-PRC1 is, therefore, required for initiation and consolidation of PcG-mediated gene repression during differentiation.
Climate warming promotes pesticide resistance through expanding overwintering range of a global pest
Authors: Ma Chun-Sen , Zhang Wei , Peng Yu , Zhao Fei , Chang Xiang-Qian , Xing Kun , Zhu Liang , Ma Gang , Yang He-Ping , Rudolf Volker H. W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractClimate change has the potential to change the distribution of pests globally and their resistance to pesticides, thereby threatening global food security in the 21st century. However, predicting where these changes occur and how they will influence current pest control efforts is a challenge. Using experimentally parameterised and field-tested models, we show that climate change over the past 50 years increased the overwintering range of a global agricultural insect pest, the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella), by ~2.4 million km2 worldwide. Our analysis of global data sets revealed that pesticide resistance levels are linked to the species’ overwintering range: mean pesticide resistance was 158 times higher in overwintering sites compared to sites with only seasonal occurrence. By facilitating local persistence all year round, climate change can promote and expand pesticide resistance of this destructive species globally. These ecological and evolutionary changes would severely impede effectiveness of current pest control efforts and potentially cause large economic losses.
Schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders and developmental disorders share specific disruptive coding mutations
Authors: Rees Elliott , Creeth Hugo D. J. , Hwu Hai-Gwo , Chen Wei J. , Tsuang Ming , Glatt Stephen J. , Rey Romain , Kirov George , Walters James T. R. , Holmans Peter , Owen Michael J. , O’Donovan Michael C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPeople with schizophrenia are enriched for rare coding variants in genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability. However, it is unclear if the same changes to gene function that increase risk to neurodevelopmental disorders also do so for schizophrenia. Using data from 3444 schizophrenia trios and 37,488 neurodevelopmental disorder trios, we show that within shared risk genes, de novo variants in schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorders are generally of the same functional category, and that specific de novo variants observed in neurodevelopmental disorders are enriched in schizophrenia (P = 5.0 × 10−6). The latter includes variants known to be pathogenic for syndromic disorders, suggesting that schizophrenia be included as a characteristic of those syndromes. Our findings imply that, in part, neurodevelopmental disorders and schizophrenia have shared molecular aetiology, and therefore likely overlapping pathophysiology, and support the hypothesis that at least some forms of schizophrenia lie on a continuum of neurodevelopmental disorders.
Conformational rearrangements enable iterative backbone N-methylation in RiPP biosynthesis
Authors: Miller Fredarla S. , Crone Kathryn K. , Jensen Matthew R. , Shaw Sudipta , Harcombe William R. , Elias Mikael H. , Freeman Michael F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPeptide backbone α-N-methylations change the physicochemical properties of amide bonds to provide structural constraints and other favorable characteristics including biological membrane permeability to peptides. Borosin natural product pathways are the only known ribosomally encoded and posttranslationally modified peptides (RiPPs) pathways to incorporate backbone α-N-methylations on translated peptides. Here we report the discovery of type IV borosin natural product pathways (termed ‘split borosins’), featuring an iteratively acting α-N-methyltransferase and separate precursor peptide substrate from the metal-respiring bacterium Shewanella oneidensis. A series of enzyme-precursor complexes reveal multiple conformational states for both α-N-methyltransferase and substrate. Along with mutational and kinetic analyses, our results give rare context into potential strategies for iterative maturation of RiPPs.
Reconfigurable multi-component micromachines driven by optoelectronic tweezers
Authors: Zhang Shuailong , Elsayed Mohamed , Peng Ran , Chen Yujie , Zhang Yanfeng , Peng Jiaxi , Li Weizhen , Chamberlain M. Dean , Nikitina Adele , Yu Siyuan , Liu Xinyu , Neale Steven L. , Wheeler Aaron R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThere is great interest in the development of micromotors which can convert energy to motion in sub-millimeter dimensions. Micromachines take the micromotor concept a step further, comprising complex systems in which multiple components work in concert to effectively realize complex mechanical tasks. Here we introduce light-driven micromotors and micromachines that rely on optoelectronic tweezers (OET). Using a circular micro-gear as a unit component, we demonstrate a range of new functionalities, including a touchless micro-feed-roller that allows the programming of precise three-dimensional particle trajectories, multi-component micro-gear trains that serve as torque- or velocity-amplifiers, and micro-rack-and-pinion systems that serve as microfluidic valves. These sophisticated systems suggest great potential for complex micromachines in the future, for application in microrobotics, micromanipulation, microfluidics, and beyond.