bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FLAGS ON THE ROCKS (banner representations within the petroglyphic landscapes of the Turkic period in Kazakhstan)
Authors: А.Е. Рогожинский 
Published: November 2021

Публикуются новые материалы по наскальным изображениям знамен тюркской эпохи, найденным на территории Казахстана. Всего известно 15 местонахождений петроглифов, на которых представлено около 70 изображений знамен. Выделяются 6 основных сюжетов со знаменными символами. Выявляется устойчивая связь таких петроглифов в изученных археологических ландшафтах со стационарными зимними стоянками средневековых кочевников, а также с доминирующими вершинами гор. Выделяются три типа знаменных изображений, определяются датировка и этнополитическая принадлежность некоторых серий петроглифов. Выясняется область наибольшей концентрации наскальных изображений со знаменами в ЧуИлийских горах, в Семиречье, как политическом центре западных тюрков, тюргешей и карлуков в тюркскую эпоху. Предполагается связь подобных символов-маркеров с местами кочевых ставок политической элиты кочевников Семиречья тюркской эпохи.
The paper presents new materials on the rock images of the banners of the Turkic period found on the territory of Kazakhstan. In total, there are 15 known locations of petroglyphs, which represent about 70 images of banners. There are 6 main themes with banner symbols. Our analysis reveals strong linkages of petroglyphs in the archaeological landscapes under investigation with the stationary winter sites of medieval nomads, as well as with the dominant mountain peaks. We identified three types of banner images and determined the dating and ethnopolitical affiliation of a series of petroglyphs. The region of the greatest concentration of rock images with banners is determined to be the Chu-Ili mountains in Semirechye, as the political center of the Western Turks, Turgeshes and Karluks in the Turkic period is determined. A link between such marker symbols and places that were permanent residences (horde) of the political elite of nomads in Semirechye in Turkic period is suggested.
OBJECTS OF ANCIENT ART IN CENTRAL ASIA: THE SEARCH FOR THE ORIGIN OF ELEMENTS OF THE EARLY ANIMAL STYLE (the work of the Tuva expedition of the IA RAS)
Authors: И.В. Рукавишникова 
Published: November 2021

В статье обобщаются результаты исследований курганов раннего железного века в Туве с применением аэрофотосъемки для поиска курганов начала I тыс. до н. э., близких по конструкции кургану Аржан-1. Был выявлен курган Аржан-5, находящийся вблизи кургана Аржан-1. Курганная каменная насыпь сильно повреждена, но сохранилась каменно-деревянная конструкция, как и в Аржане-1, и предметы упряжи в зверином стиле. После проведения анализа проб деревянных конструкций, состава бронз и антропологических определений удалось сделать вывод, что Аржан-5 принадлежит к кругу Аржана-1, формирует с ним единую группу курганов и связан общей историей. Выделяется хронологический горизонт археологической культуры Аржана-1, когда уже создаются шедевры древнего искусства архаичного звериного стиля.
The paper summarizes the results of the study of the Early Iron Age burial mounds in Tuva using aerial photography for searching constructions from the beginning of the first millennium BC, which are similar in design to the Arzhan-1 mound. The Arzhan-5 mound was revealed, located near the Arzhan-1. It was badly damaged, but the stone-wooden structure has survived and the harness in the animal style was preserved, just like in Arzhan-1. Due to analysis of the samples from wooden structures, of the composition of bronzes and to the anthropological identification, it become possible to conclude that Arzhan-5 belongs to the Arzhan-1 circle they form a single group of mounds and have a common history. The chronological horizon of the archaeological culture of Arzhan-1 is highlighted, when masterpieces of the ancient art of the archaic animal style are already being created.
DEPICTIONS OF SHIELDS ON “DEER” STONES AND SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THEIR STUDY
Authors: А.А. Тишкин 
Published: November 2021

В ходе многолетних экспедиционных работ на территории Монголии под руководством автора статьи осуществлялись выявления и фиксации древних изваяний, обозначаемых в научной литературе как оленные камни. Эти статуи имеют разные изображения, которые являются специфическими свидетельствами культуры ранних кочевников Центральной Азии. Особое внимание привлекает демонстрируемый комплекс вооружения, обеспечивающий возможности для хронологической атрибуции изваяний и памятников, с которыми они связаны. Среди них отдельное место занимают изображения щитов. Особенностям их изучения посвящена данная статья. Кроме достоверного документирования оленных камней, обозначены перспективы реконструкции отдельных категорий предметов материальной культуры. Использование современных методов позволит восстановить их цветовую окраску.
During the long-term expeditionary work in the territory of Mongolia, under the guidance of the author of the article, the ancient sculptures designated as deer stones were identified and recorded. These statues have different images that are specific evidence of the culture of the early nomads of Central Asia. Special attention is given to the demonstrated weapons complex, which provides opportunities for the chronological attribution of the sculptures and the sites with which they are associated. Among them, a special place is occupied by depictions of shields. This article is devoted to the peculiarities of their study. In addition to reliable documentation of deer stones, the prospects for the reconstruction of certain categories of objects of material culture are indicated. The use of modern methods will allow restoring their color.
AN UNUSUAL SUBJECT IN THE ROCK ART IMAGERY OF THE OLD-TURKIC PERIOD FROM THE ALTAI
Authors: А.Е. Рогожинский , Д.В. Черемисин 
Published: November 2021

В 2001 г. в долине р. Чаган на Алтае найдена и опубликована Д.В.Черемисиным удивительная миниатюра, гравированная на скале в древнетюркское время. В центре изображен породистый конь с тамгой на крупе, с двух сторон удерживаемый на веревках воинами третий воин готовится выстрелить в животное из лука. Первоначально воспринятая как сцена укрощения или жертвоприношения коня, эта картина теперь рассматривается авторами как необычный для традиционного наскального искусства и для эпоса кочевников Центральной Азии сюжет, повествующий о намеренном убийстве коня, отмеченного тамгой его владельца. Точный возраст миниатюры пока не установлен. Своеобразная форма тамги имеет сходство с тамгами басмылов, представленными на памятниках Монголии, но более напоминает тамгу тюргешей, известную по нумизматическим материалам и петроглифам Семиречья.
In 2001 an amazing miniature engraved during the Old-Turkic period on a rock in the Chagan Valley in the Altai, was found and published by D.V. Cheremisin. In the center of the composition a thoroughbred horse with a tamga on its croup is engraved, it is held with ropes by two warriors the third warrior is preparing to shoot the animal with a bow. Originally perceived as a scene of taming or sacrificing a horse, this depiction is now considered by the authors as a subject, unusual for the traditional rock art and for the epic of Central Asian nomads: the purposive killing of a horse marked by its owners tamga. The exact dating of the engravings has not yet been established. The peculiar form of the tamga resembles the Basmyls tamga represented in rock art and at the memorial stele from Bombogor (Mongolia), but is more reminiscent of the tamga of the Turgeshes, known from early medieval coins and petroglyphs of the Semirechye in Kazakhstan.
STUDIES OF THE PEGTYMEL PETROGLYPHS, BASED ON A COMPLEX OF NATURAL-SCIENTIFIC METHODS IN THE NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE “KURCHATOV INSTITUTE”
Authors: Э.А. Грешников , А.А. Демкив , А.Н. Артемьев , Р.Д. Светогоров , Н.Н. Колобылина , А.Д. Беляев , А.А. Калоян , Г.А. Князев , К.М. Подурец , Е.Г. Дэвлет , Н.А. Артемьев 
Published: November 2021

В НИЦ Курчатовский институт с использованием комплекса естественнонаучных методов исследован камень с выбитыми изображениями, найденный на р. Пегтымель на Чукотке археологической экспедицией ИА РАН под руководством Е.Г.Дэвлет. Установлены состав и природа минеральных образований на поверхности камня с петроглифами. Выявлен скальный загар , содержащий марганец и потенциально пригодный для датирования. На карте распределения химических элементов в выбивке зафиксированы медь и цинк и предположено их антропогенное происхождение в качестве микрочастиц древнего орудия. Намечена возможная дата создания петроглифов: конец II начало I тыс. до н.э. Подтверждена версия исследователей петроглифов Пегтымеля о том, что рисунки на скалах выбивались металлическими орудиями.
Several separated stone blocks with pecked images had been found in the course of the expedition for study the rock art site at the Pegtymel River in the western part of the Chukotka Peninsula. The expedition (2005 2008) was organized by the Institute of Archaeology and lead by Ekaterina Devlet. One of such blocks was taken away from the site to Moscow, which made it possible to carry out recently its study in the Kurchatov Institute with the use of a whole complex of natural-scientific methods. The researchers have identified mineral compounds on the surface of the decorated rock and determined the rock varnish formation on it. Cu Zn particles have been detected in the pecked area. It is possible that the particles were introduced as a result of processing the rock with bronze or brass tool. The date of creation the petroglyphs is proposed as the end of the 2nd beginning of the 1st millennium BC.
FACE-MASKS WITH A HALO IN THE LOWER AMUR ROCK ART
Authors: Е.Г. Дэвлет , А.Е. Гринько , А.Р. Ласкин , Э.А. Грешников 
Published: November 2021

В статье рассматривается дискуссионная тема интерпретации изображений антропоморфных личин с ореолом ( сиянием ) в комплексах петроглифов Нижнего Амура. На основе анализа литературных источников и сопоставления аналогий в широком диахронном аспекте прослежена связь территориально удаленных иконографических трансформаций и универсалий, конвергентного сходства и заимствований в традициях подобных антропоморфных изображений обширного Тихоокеанского региона
The paper deals with the debatable topic of interpretation of anthropomorphic face-mask images with a halo ( shine ) in rock art of the Lower Amur. Based on the analysis of publications and comparison of analogies in a wide diachronic aspect, the connection is traced between territorially distant iconographic transformations and universals, convergent similarities and borrowings in traditions of similar anthropomorphic images of the vast Pacific region.
THE DISCOVERY OF ICE AGE CAVE ART AT LA MARCHE (VIENNE, FRANCE)
Authors: П.Дж. Бан 
Published: November 2021

Статья представляет краткое описание открытия первого изображения на стенах палеолитической пещеры Ла-Марш (Люссак-ле-Шато, Вьенна, Франция). Этот памятник всемирно известен благодаря тому, что в нем было найдено огромное количество гравированных каменных плиток с гравировками, датируемыми более чем 14 000 л. н. Гравировки расшифровывались в течение 25 лет и были полностью опубликованы доктором Л. Палем. Всегда считалось, что на стенах этой пещеры изображений нет. Первая информация о том, что на стенах в Ла Марш есть какие-то следы, была получена автором еще в 2004 г., и вот недавно им была обнаружена первая фигура: голова бизона, сочетающая технику гравировки и использование естественной скальной формы. По стилю она напоминает знаменитый скульптурный фриз в гроте Англь-сюр-Л Англен, расположенный в том же регионе, что и Ла Марш, и датируемый тем же временем.
A brief account of the discovery of the first parietal figure in the Ice Age rock-shelter of La Marche (Lussacles-Chteaux, Vienne, France). The site was already world-famous for its huge collection of engraved plaquettes of stone, dating to more than 14,000 years ago, which were deciphered and published over the course of 25 years by Dr Lon Pales. But it was always thought that the rock-shelter in which the plaquettes were found had undecorated walls. In 2004 I was given information which suggested that there might be markings, and I eventually discovered a first parietal figure, a head of a bison, comprising engraving and use of natural rock shape. The style was similar to that of the great sculpted frieze at Angles-sur-lAnglin, in the same region, which is of the same date as La Marche.
Faith-Based Organisations in New Zealand: an Exploration of How Faith Affects Faith-Based Organisations' Relationships with Donors
Authors:   , McLoughlin Jane 
Published: November 2021

<p>Faith-based organisations (FBOs) constitute a significant part of the development industry, yet our knowledge of FBOs and the ways in which they operate, often within secular societies, is limited. This research focuses on one particular aspect of FBOs in New Zealand: that is how FBOs perceive their faith impacts on their donor relationships. The research is undertaken within the context of the call for more empirical studies on FBOs in order to understand what types of FBOs exist, what contexts they appear in, and how they approach development. To this end, I conducted 17 semi-structured interviews with FBOs based in New Zealand over September-October 2010 and critically analysed these interviews for what they revealed about FBOs-donor relationships. The findings of this research are that FBOs are compelled to undertake development work as a religious and moral duty, and that their faith identity sometimes translates into a unique form of development assistance. FBOs have advantages over secular organisations in their ability to mobilise resources from within their faith networks, particularly the ability to secure low cost labour. These networks can be viewed as part of a spiritual economy for FBOs. Some FBOs position their organisations to receive funding from both their spiritual economies and mainstream secular sources. These organisations have established separate development arms within their organisation devoid of any religious reference or content, yet retain a religious arm to promote their faith. Other organisations successfully secure secular donor funding by clearly demonstrating how their faith is incorporated within their development work. The majority of FBOs operate outside the mainstream development industry in New Zealand and are either self-funding or funded through their spiritual economies. My major finding is that FBOs’ donors are not homogeneous groups; they hold a divergence of expectations which change the way FBOs position their development work in relation to their faith.</p>
Promoting Communication and Socialisation in Music Therapy for Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors:   , Kho Hong Ching 
Published: November 2021

<p>This research was conducted as an exploratory case study as identified by Yin (2009) using primarily qualitative data gathered from a clinical practice setting with young children. The primary aim was to find out how music therapy could promote communication and socialisation for children with cerebral palsy at an Early Intervention Conductive Education Centre. This case study research involved two indepth cases of children diagnosed with Cerebral Palsy at different levels of severity at aged four to five years old. It documents individual music therapy sessions over a three month period. Assessments of the two children’s communication and socialisation skills were made using the Assessment, Evaluation, and Programming System for Infants and Children (AEPS) to provide a comparison before and after the intervention. Staff perceptions about the nature of the children’s communication and socialisation in music therapy were sought using a short and informal interview with two staff members at the Centre. These three data sources were triangulated in the analysis and the findings are discussed individually. Each child showed diverse observable improvement in communication and socialisation based on perspectives of staff members interviewed, on clinical notes and on the AEPS evaluations. It is hoped that this mixed methods study could lead towards a more specific quantitative inquiry in the future about the effectiveness of music therapy for children with cerebral palsy.</p>
Literature and Practice in the Creation of Online Information Literacy Tutorials in New Zealand and Australian University Libraries: Results of Content Analysis of Online Tutorials
Authors:   , Cordes Margaret Jane 
Published: November 2021

<p>Introduction: This research users inferential statistical tests to explore the statistical significance of observed relationships between the frequencies of elements of online tutorials found within the academic literature, and the frequencies of those same elements as found in online tutorials produced by New Zealand and Australian university libraries. Frequencies were also compared between Australian and New Zealand tutorials, and also between two types of tutorials. Method: Elements of online tutorials were located in articles from highly ranked journals, and other germane sources. A content analysis of a sample of online tutorials was carried out, using the elements identified as criteria. Findings and conclusion: No statistically significant differences were found between the frequencies of elements in the literature and elements in the online tutorials, despite descriptive statistics indicating otherwise. A slight positive correlation was found between the frequencies of elements in tutorials produced in the two different countries. However, the small size of the literature sample severely restricts the conclusiveness of these results.</p>
An Analysis of New Zealand’s Role in Food Insecurity in Fiji
Authors:   , Barrett Laura 
Published: November 2021

<p>Access to adequate food is a human right. Despite this, globally around three billion people lack access to food sufficient to allow them to live free from hunger and malnutrition. In the Pacific, despite millennia of positive nutrition, they now have some the highest rates of diabetes and obesity in the world, and 75 percent of their population are dying prematurely from non-communicable diseases (NCD’s). One of the main risk factors for NCD’s is an unhealthy diet. A key finding coming out of the Pacific Food Summit in 2010 was that imported foods represent a threat to Pacific food security. New Zealand is a key trader with the Pacific. It has also come under criticism in recent years over its trade of poor quality meat to the Pacific, which it has been argued is contributing to poor health outcomes there. This research seeks to look deeper into the relationship between New Zealand trade and Pacific food insecurity, using Fiji as a case study. A key foundation for this research is the ‘right to food’. The right to adequate food is a fundamental right of all human beings. This is established by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and subsequent treaties, to which all signatory countries are bound. Recently, this right is being discussed in an extraterritorial context, meaning states have obligations not only to those within their territory, but across the globe. This places obligations on states to both respect the right to food of citizens globally, and also to protect them against actions taken by those within their territory which would undermine this right. It is against this backdrop, utilising interviews, data and policy analysis, that the trade relationship between New Zealand and Fiji is analysed.</p>
Pacific Students and Their Perceptions of an Academic Library: a Case Study of Whitireia Community Polytechnic
Authors:   , Hinder Audrey Therese 
Published: November 2021

<p>While more Pacific students are participating in tertiary education, there is little research on the information behaviour of this group in the academic library. As the primary function of the academic library is to support the learning needs of the student community, it is of interest to investigate how Pacific students use libraries and information resources available to them during their course of study. Using a qualitative case study approach, the aim of this study is to begin to understand Pacific students’ experiences of the library at Whitireia Community Polytechnic. This study investigates how they use the library, their perceptions of the library and how it may contribute to their academic success. Key findings of this study show that students generally had a positive experience of the library, using it not just as an information centre but also as a cultural centre. The library was a place for them to find information, a place for them to study and a place for them to meet other Pacific students and classmates whom they worked and studied with in the library. Though this group of participants did not feel that there were any significant cultural barriers to their use of the library, the findings reveal some cultural factors that may affect Pacific students’ use of the library. Though this is a small case study, it provides an understanding of the experience of this group of Pacific students in an academic library. Understanding the information needs and information – seeking behaviour of this group will enable library and academic staff to develop or improve appropriate services so that student learning outcomes may also be improved.</p>
Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) Algorithm for Nanocrystals
Authors:   , Paea Sione 
Published: November 2021

<p>This thesis uses the kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) algorithm to examine the growth morphology and structure of nanocrystals. Crystal growth in a supersaturated gas of atoms and in an undercooled binary melt is investigated. First, in the gas phase, the interplay of the deposition and surface diffusion rates is studied. Then, the KMC algorithm is refined by including solidification events and finally, by adding diffusion in the surrounding liquid. A new algorithm is developed for modelling solidification from an undercooled melt. This algorithm combines the KMC method, which models the change in shape of the crystal during growth, with a macroscopic continuum method that tracks the diffusion of material through solution towards the crystal. For small length and time scales, this approach provides simple, effective front tracking with fully resolved atomistic detail of the crystal-melt interface. Anisotropy is included in the model as a surface diffusion process and the growth rate of the crystal is found to increase monotonically with increase in the surface anisotropy value. The method allows for the study of multiple crystal nuclei and Ostwald ripening. This method will aid researchers to explain why certain crystal shapes form under particular conditions during growth, and may enable nanotechnologists to design techniques for growing nanocrystals with specific shapes for a variety of applications, from catalysis to the medicine field and electronics industry. This will lead to a better understanding of the atomistic process of crystal growth at the nanoscale.</p>