bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethogram of non-verbal behaviours associated with emotional regulation and stress response in children and adolescents with complex trauma
Authors: Granados Ana Violeta , Sabogal Juan Camilo , Muñoz Pablo , Caicedo Juan Carlos , Martínez-Cotrina Jorge , Aponte Canencio Mauricio 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Complex trauma is a clinical concept developed to address the nature and effects of interpersonal traumatic experiences over the development of children and adolescents. To contribute to the development of ecologically valid diagnostic tools and a better understanding of the effects of complex trauma, an ethogram of emotional regulation and stress response behaviours was proposed and used as the main instrument in the Crossed-Puzzles Game. In total 84 children and adolescents aged 6–14 (50% of children with complex trauma in state protective care) were selected from institutions and the community. Both groups were matched by age, sex, and socioeconomic status. PCA, PERMANOVA, Mann-Whitney’s U, Pearson correlations, and logistic regression analyses were performed. The ethogram’s category ‘Externalising of frustration’ was identified as one of the strongest predictors for the complex trauma group. The ethogram’s validity as a research and assessment instrument from a clinical ethology perspective of complex trauma in psychology was discussed.
Chemically mediated self-recognition in sibling juvenile common gartersnakes (Thamnophis sirtalis) reared on same or different diets: evidence for a chemical mirror?
Authors: Burghardt Gordon M. , Partin Adam M. , Pepper Harry E. , Steele Jordan M. , Liske Samuel M. , Stokes Allyson E. , Lathan Ariel N. , Springer Cary M. , Jenkins Matthew S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Although self-recognition or self-awareness has been studied with the visually-based mirror test, passed by several species, primarily apes, the possibility of a chemically-based analogue is controversial. Prior studies suggested that chemical self-recognition may occur in some squamate reptiles. To evaluate this possibility, we studied 24 individually housed gartersnakes, Thamnophis sirtalis, raised from birth on either earthworm or fish diets and tested 12 male and 12 female snakes with cage liners that were either clean, their own, or from same-sex siblings fed their own or the opposite diet. Tongue flicking and activity were recorded in 30-minute video-recorded trials in a balanced design. After initial habituation to the stimuli, male, but not female, snakes discriminated between their own stimuli and those from littermates fed the same diet. Combined with other data and studies, the possibility that a chemical ‘mirror’ form of self-recognition exists in squamate reptiles is supported.
Relationship of the platelet distribution width/platelet count ratio with thyroid antibody levels in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Authors: Demir Aslıhan Dilara 
Published: September 2021

Objective I investigated whether the platelet distribution width/platelet count (PDW/PC) ratio, which is an inexpensive and simple test performed for almost all patients, is applicable in the follow-up of patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and examined the relationship of this ratio with thyroperoxidase and thyroglobulin antibody levels. Materials and methods The study groups consisted of 67 patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and 17 controls. All participants were aged 20 to 75 and treated the Internal Medicine outpatient clinic of my institution. The PDW/PC ratio and thyroid antibody levels were retrospectively evaluated in patients with normal liver and renal function and normal white blood cell counts, hemoglobin levels, and hematocrit levels. Results Thyroid antibody levels were significantly higher in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis than in controls. PC was higher in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, whereas the PDW/PC ratio was lower. However, these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion In this study, I did not find a statistically significant relationship between thyroid antibody levels and PDW/PC. However, a weak correlation between these variables was identified.
Pilot Evaluation of Pharmacists’ and Pharmacy Technicians’ Knowledge and Understanding of a Medication Synchronization Program
Authors: Pham Janet N. , Robertson Amy D. , Melton Brittany L. , Rohling Brent J. , Newell Bradley J. 
Published: September 2021

Background: Medication synchronization (MS) improves adherence by allowing patients to pick up all medications at the same time. Pharmacy staff need training to utilize a MS program effectively. Objective: Evaluate the impact of a video tutorial with decreased extraneous and intrinsic load on pharmacists’ and pharmacy technicians’ knowledge and understanding of a MS program. Study Method: Participants completed a prequestionnaire to assess knowledge and understanding of the MS process. They then watched a step-by-step video tutorial and were reassessed by a postquestionnaire 2 weeks later. Study participants included pharmacists and pharmacy technicians employed at 1 of 2 pharmacies in 1 regional division of a large community-based chain pharmacy. Participants were eligible if they were registered and in good standing with the Kansas Board of Pharmacy and employed for greater than 30 days since July 1, 2018. Results: Twenty participants were included in the final analysis. The median age was 36 years, 14 (70%) were female, 13 (65%) were pharmacy technicians, and each study site had equal representation. Most participants, 15 (75%), had previously completed the standard MS training. There was a significant improvement in number of correct responses after the intervention with a prequestionnaire score of 61.3% to postquestionnaire score of 70% ( P=.002). Significant improvement in knowledge was seen in participants who completed the previous training as well as first-time learners of the MS process. Conclusion: Optimizing training on MS processes by decreasing extraneous and intrinsic load improved the pharmacy team’s knowledge and understanding of the MS process.
State and trait anxiety in children with incontinence and their parents
Authors: Hussong Justine , Rosenthal Alisha , Bernhardt Annelie , Fleser Sara , Langenbeck Miriam , Wagner Catharina , Anagnostakou Katerina , von Gontard Alexander 
Published: September 2021

Background Maternal anxiety increases the risk for incontinence in children. The aim was to analyze anxiety in children with incontinence and their parents before (t1) and after 6 months of incontinence treatment (t2). Methods 40 children with incontinence and 40 controls completed the State-trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, their parents the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the State-trait Anxiety Inventory at baseline (t1) and 6 months later (follow-up, t2). Psychiatric disorders were assessed by a standardized parental diagnostic interview (Kinder-DIPS), IQ was tested by a one-dimensional test. All children were neurologically examined. Children with incontinence underwent a guideline-based treatment during the 6 months. Results At baseline, child and parental state and trait anxiety scores, as well as all CBCL scores were significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group. At t2, parental anxiety, CBCL scores, and child trait anxiety were significantly higher in patients versus controls, whereas child state anxiety decreased, and parental state anxiety increased from t1 to t2. Conclusions Incontinence and anxiety are associated. While state anxiety decreases, trait anxiety can remain stable over time. Higher levels of anxiety can influence incontinence treatment and should be assessed in every patient.
Advice to policy-makers for improving services to the drug-death bereaved
Authors: Fjær Svanaug , Dyregrov Kari 
Published: September 2021

Aims: The objective of this study is to contribute to an improvement of bereavement services and experiences for the bereaved after drug-related deaths (DRDs) by investigating their expressed opinions on what would constitute improvements. Methods: As part of a larger survey questionnaire, we asked people bereaved by DRDs what advice they would give to politicians to improve bereavement services. Out of 255 respondents, we received 196 written statements of advice, 83 focusing on the time after death. Two-thirds of these respondents were either parents or siblings, the other third were other family members or close friends. A thematic analysis was conducted to examine the written statements. Results: We found four central themes: broad-spectrum help, routinised help, respectful help and competent help. The advice represents a long list of psychosocial support to ideally be offered on a regular and long-term basis. Furthermore, the bereaved also discussed the cognitive and normative side of the services by including considerations about stigma and respect, and the need for more research- and experience-based knowledge about their experiences both before and after DRDs. Conclusions: Many of the services sought by the bereaved are already in place and described in national guidelines for follow-up strategies after sudden unexpected deaths. DRDs, however, has not been included as a task for the services and are not explicitly mentioned in these guidelines. The scope of research and policymaking on drug problems and DRDs should be broadened to include families and social networks in order to make the group more visible and strengthen their influence on policy.
Chlamydia Treatment Practices and Time to Treatment in Massachusetts: Directly Observed Therapy Versus Pharmacy Prescriptions
Authors: Platt Laura , Elder Heather , Bassett Ingrid V. , Molotnikov Lauren , Klevens Monina , O’Connor Erin , Leach Dylan , Roosevelt Kathleen , Hsu Katherine 
Published: September 2021

Background Directly observed therapy (DOT) is recommended for the treatment of chlamydia, however pharmacy prescriptions are frequently used. Adherence to DOT and the association between treatment method and time to treatment is unknown. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of a randomized 2% of laboratory-confirmed chlamydia infections reported to the Massachusetts Department of Public Health from January 1, 2019 to May 31, 2019. Clinicians and pharmacies were contacted to ascertain treatment methods and timing. We assessed frequency of DOT and pharmacy prescriptions in the treatment of chlamydia infection in Massachusetts. We used log rank test to compare time to treatment initiation for patients receiving DOT versus pharmacy prescriptions. Data were stratified according to whether treatment was empiric or laboratory-driven. Key results We ascertained full outcomes for 199 patients. Eighty patients received DOT and 119 patients received pharmacy prescriptions. DOT was more common among those receiving empiric treatment and pharmacy prescriptions were more common among those receiving laboratory-driven treatment. The median time to treatment was 1.5 days for patients treated with DOT and 3 days for those treated with pharmacy prescriptions. For both groups, the median time to treatment for empiric therapy was 0 days and for laboratory-driven therapy was 4 days. The differences in time to treatment were not statistically significant. Conclusions Pharmacy prescriptions are frequently used for the treatment of chlamydia in Massachusetts. We did not observe a significant difference in the time to treatment between DOT and pharmacy prescriptions.
Body Composition in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Before and After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Longitudinal Prospective Study in a Rural Village Struck by the Pandemic
Authors: Del Brutto Oscar H. , Mera Robertino M. , Rumbea Denisse A. , Pérez Pedro , Recalde Bettsy Y. , Sedler Mark J. 
Published: September 2021

Background: Information on the body composition of inhabitants of remote communities during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is limited. Using a longitudinal population-based study design, we assessed the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and changes in body composition. Methods: Community-dwelling older adults living in a rural Ecuadorian village received body composition determinations before and 1 year after the pandemic as well as serological tests for detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The independent association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and abnormalities in body composition at follow-up was assessed by fitting linear mixed models for longitudinal data. Results: Of 327 enrolled individuals, 277 (85%) received baseline and follow-up body composition determinations, and 175 (63%) of them became SARS-CoV-2 seropositive. Overall, diet and physical activity deteriorated during the follow-up. Multivariate random-effects generalized least squares regression models that included the impact of time and seropositivity on follow-up body composition, showed that neither variable contributed to a worsening in body composition. Multivariate logistic regression models disclosed that the serological status at follow-up cannot be predicted by differences in body composition and other baseline covariates. Conclusions: Study results suggest no increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection among older adults with abnormal body composition and no significant changes as a result of worse physical activity and dietary habits or seropositivity during the length of the study. Together with a previous study in the same population that showed decrease in hand-grip strength after SARS-CoV-2, results confirm that dynapenia (and not sarcopenia) is associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in older adults.
Intraoperative Measurement of Endotracheal Tube Cuff Pressure and Its Change During Surgery in Correlation With Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Palsies, Hoarseness, and Dysphagia After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sejkorová Alena , Bolcha Martin , Beneš Jan , Kalhous Jiří , Sameš Martin , Vachata Petr 
Published: September 2021

Study Design Prospective randomized controlled trial. Objectives Adjustment of endotracheal tube cuff pressure (ETCP) in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) may influence the incidence of complications such as recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (RLNP), hoarseness, and dysphagia. Methods The prospective randomized controlled trial was designed to investigate the influence of ETCP on the incidence of postoperative complications. All eligible patients underwent vocal cord examination before and after ACDF and were randomized into a control group (CG) and intervention group (IG). Endotracheal tube cuff pressure was passively monitored in CG, and in IG, it was maintained at 20 mmHg. Outcomes were evaluated during hospitalization and during follow-up. Results A total of 98 patients were randomized, each group consisted of 49 patients. Statistical analysis showed that gender and age did not influence the incidence of complications. In CG, duration of retractor placement and extent of approach significantly impacted the occurrence of complications. The incidence of postoperative RLNP was 8.2% in IG and 12.2% in CG, hoarseness and dysphonia were present in 18.4% in IG and in 37.5% in CG, and dysphagia in 20.8% in IG and in 22.5% in CG. Hoarseness was significantly present more in CG ( P = .018). Only one patient from CG presented with RLNP after 1 year, the remaining nine patients spontaneously recovered. Conclusions Unregulated ETCP can lead to a significantly higher incidence of hoarseness; however, its improvement rate is 100%. The early postoperative complication rate was higher in CG, and after one year, 1 patient had RLNP and 1 patient had dysphagia.
Hamstrings Contraction Regulates the Magnitude and Timing of the Peak ACL Loading During the Drop Vertical Jump in Female Athletes
Authors: Ueno Ryo , Navacchia Alessandro , Schilaty Nathan D. , Myer Gregory D. , Hewett Timothy E. , Bates Nathaniel A. 
Published: September 2021

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury reduction training has focused on lower body strengthening and landing stabilization. In vitro studies have shown that quadriceps forces increase ACL strain, and hamstring forces decrease ACL strain. However, the magnitude of the effect of the quadriceps and hamstrings forces on ACL loading and its timing during in vivo landings remains unclear. Purpose: To investigate the effect and timing of knee muscle forces on ACL loading during landing. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: A total of 13 young female athletes performed drop vertical jump trials, and their movements were recorded with 3-dimensional motion capture. Lower limb joint motion and muscle forces were estimated with OpenSim and applied to a musculoskeletal finite element (FE) model to estimate ACL loading during landings. The FE simulations were performed with 5 different conditions that included/excluded kinematics, ground-reaction force (GRF), and muscle forces. Results: Simulation of landing kinematics without GRF or muscle forces yielded an estimated median ACL strain and force of 5.1% and 282.6 N. Addition of GRF to kinematic simulations increased ACL strain and force to 6.8% and 418.4 N ( P < .05). Addition of quadriceps force to kinematics + GRF simulations nonsignificantly increased ACL strain and force to 7.2% and 478.5 N. Addition of hamstrings force to kinematics + GRF simulations decreased ACL strain and force to 2.6% and 171.4 N ( P < .001). Addition of all muscles to kinematics + GRF simulations decreased ACL strain and force to 3.3% and 195.1 N ( P < .001). With hamstrings force, ACL loading decreased from initial contact (time of peak: 1-18 milliseconds) while ACL loading without hamstrings force peaked at 47 to 98 milliseconds after initial contact ( P = .024-.001). The knee flexion angle increased from 20.9° to 73.1° within 100 milliseconds after initial contact. Conclusion: Hamstrings activation had greater effect relative to GRF and quadriceps activation on ACL loading, which significantly decreased and regulated the magnitude and timing of ACL loading during in vivo landings. Clinical Relevance: Clinical training should focus on strategies that influence increased hamstrings activation during landing to reduce ACL loads.
Transcriptome-wide Gene Expression Analysis in Peri-implantitis Reveals Candidate Cellular Pathways
Authors: Martin A. , Zhou P. , Singh B.B. , Kotsakis G.A. 
Published: September 2021

Objective: Peri-implantitis is a condition resulting in destructive inflammation in the peri-implant soft tissue barrier. Clinically, it demonstrates vast clinical differences to periodontitis that suggest distinct inflammatory mechanisms. Implant-derived titanium particles (i-TiPs) frequently found around diseased implants appear to alter the microenvironment and confer resistance to antibiotic treatments. Studies in orthopedic implants have demonstrated potent inflammatory responses to i-TiPs involving a variety of cell types in aseptic conditions. Nonetheless, the genetic programs of cells surveilling and supporting the peri-implant soft tissue barrier in response to the combined challenges of biomaterial degradation products and oral bacteria are poorly defined. Thus, we studied gene expression specific to oral peri-implant inflammatory disease. Methods: Peri-implant tissues were collected from healthy or diseased implants (N = 10) according to the 2018 classification criteria. Following RNA extraction and purification, a gene-level view of the transcriptome was obtained via a next-generation transcriptome-wide microarray profiling workflow (Clariom S; Applied Biosystems) that covers >20,000 well-annotated genes. A discovery analysis assessed global differential expression of genes and identified pathways in peri-implant health versus disease. Results: Genes involved in the endosomal-lysosomal pathway, such as actin polymerization, were strongly upregulated in diseased tissues (P < .05), proposing increased intracellular activities in response to bacteria and i-TiPs. Cellular respiration pathways involved in oxidative stress were highly transcribed in all peri-implant samples, suggesting that implant-specific factors may trigger a constant state of oxidative stress. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this discovery study, expressive upregulation of genes in the endosomal-lysosomal and oxidative stress pathway suggests that inflammation related to receptor-driven responses to extracellular signals, such as i-TiPs and pathogens, may have a crucial role in peri-implantitis. Results warrant external replication in validation cohorts. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Our findings regarding physiologic processes affected by peri-implantitis could advance knowledge of the mechanisms and consequences of the disease. Understanding the cellular programs that partake in peri-implant inflammation has the potential to translate to novel treatment strategies for patients with peri-implantitis.
Association of Asthma and Rhinitis with Epigenetics of Coronavirus Related Genes
Authors: Rathod Aniruddha , Rathod Rutu , Zhang Hongmei , Rahimabad Parnian Kheirkhah , Karmaus Wilfried , Arshad Hasan 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Susceptibility factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) include sex and medical conditions such as asthma and rhinitis. DNA methylation (DNAm) is associated with asthma, rhinitis, and several viruses. We examined associations of asthma/rhinitis with DNAm at CpGs located on coronavirus related genes, and if these associations were sex-specific. Methods: In total, n = 242 subjects aged 26 years from the Isle of Wight Birth Cohort were included in the study. Linear regressions were used to examine sex specific and non-specific associations of DNAm at CpGs on coronavirus related genes with asthma/rhinitis status. Associations of DNAm with gene expression in blood were assessed for functional relevance of identified CpGs. Results: Statistically significant interaction effects of asthma or rhinitis with sex were identified at 40 CpGs for asthma and 27 CpGs for rhinitis. At 21 CpGs, DNAm was associated with asthma, and at 45 CpGs with rhinitis, regardless of sex. Assessment of functional relevance of the identified CpGs indicated a potential of epigenetic regulatory functionality on gene activity at 14 CpGs for asthma and 17 CpGs for rhinitis, and of those 6 CpGs for asthma and 7 CpGs for rhinitis were likely to be sex-specific. Conclusion: Subjects with asthma/rhinitis may have altered susceptibility to COVID-19 due to changes in their DNAm associated with these conditions. Sex specificity on association of asthma/rhinitis with DNAm at certain CpGs, and on the association of DNAm at asthma/rhinitis-linked CpGs with gene expression have the potential to explain the reported sex-specificity in COVID-19 morbidity and mortality.