bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Glutathione S-Transferase M1 and Glutathione S Transferase Theta 1 Gene Polymorphism, Histopathological, and Immunohistochemistry in Carcinoma Breast
Authors: Bodal Vijay Kumar , Dhir Medhavi , Ahi Kuldip Singh , Kaur Sarbhjit , Singh Malkiat , Bandhari Lachhima 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer in females in developing countries such as India. It is the most common malignancy in females in the Punjab state.

Objectives:
(1) The purpose of this study was to calculate the prevalence of the four subtypes of breast cancer based on molecular classification and (2) to determine the association of polymorphisms in Glutathione S-Transferase M1 (GSTM1) and Glutathione S transferase theta 1 (GSTT1) gene in carcinoma of the breast with histopathological grading.

Materials and Methods:
This study analyzed histologically confirmed 100 cases of carcinoma breast; immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction molecular tests were performed for further grading, molecular typing, and gene polymorphism.

Results:
Out of 24 Grade I tumors, 18 (75.00%) expressed the GSTM1 gene and 6 (25.00%) were negative. Out of 48 Grade II tumors, 30 (62.50%) expressed the GSTM1 gene and 18 (37.50%) were negative. Out of 28 Grade III tumors, 8 (28.57%) expressed the GSTM1 gene and 20 (71.43%) were negative. Out of 24 Grade I tumors, 17 (70.83%) expressed the GSTT1 gene and 7 (29.17%) were negative. Out of 48 Grade 2 tumors, 28 (58.33%) expressed the GSTT1 gene and 20 (41.67%) were negative. Out of 28 Grade III tumors, 8 (28.57%) expressed the GSTT1 gene and 20 (71.43%) were negative.

Conclusion:
Our study shows that polymorphism of both GSTM1 and GSTT1, either individually or in combination, influences the risk of developing carcinoma due to DNA damage caused by many factors including environmental and genetic.
Anemia and Nutritional Status in Tuberculosis Patients
Authors: Chhabra Sandeep , Kashyap Anil , Bhagat Monica , Mahajan Rajesh , Sethi Suman 
Published: November 2021

Introduction:
Anemia is a common complication of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Nutritional deficiency and malabsorption syndrome can deepen the severity of anemia. The aim of the present study was to study anemia and nutritional status in patients with TB at a tertiary care center.

Materials and Methods:
All patients diagnosed with TB (pulmonary and extrapulmonary), registered withRevised National TB Control Programme (RNTCP), taking DOTS regimen, attending the outpatient department as well as those admitted in the medicine and chest units of a tertiary care hospital, were enrolled in the present study.

Results:
Anemia was more common between the age groups of 51 and 60 years, with distribution of males (87 [58%]), patients with diabetes (49 [32%]), and hypertensive patients (29 [19.3%]). In our study, 48 (85.7%) out of 56 patients diagnosed with extrapulmonary TB were found to have anemia; similarly, 77 (88.5%) out of 87 patients diagnosed to have pulmonary TB were anemic. Anemia of chronic disease (128 [97.17%]) was higher when compared to that of those with iron-deficiency anemia (3 [2.29%]). According to body mass index (BMI), 135 (90%) patients were underweight; according to mid-arm circumference (MAC), 131 (87.3%) patients had severe malnutrition; and according to waist–hip ratio [WHR], 96 (64%) patients were underweight.

Conclusion:
Anemia was common in males and alcoholics, and there was a high prevalence of anemia of chronic disease. In addition, anemia was associated with high erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein. High proportions of TB patients (pulmonary and extrapulmonary) were classified as underweight and malnourished on the basis of different parameters (BMI, MAC, and WHR); in addition, the degree of malnutrition was higher in patients with anemia than in those without.
Simulated Three-Dimensional Printing Printed Polyamide Based PA2200 Immovable Device for Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy
Authors: Rajesh R , Gopenath T S , Basalingappa Kanthesh M , Kaginelli Shanmukhappa B 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Radiotherapy is one of the most effective treatments for cancer. However, delivering an optimal dosage of radiation to the patients is always challenging due to the movements of the patient during treatment. Immobilization devices are typically used to minimize patient movement.

Aims:
The current work has been carried out to investigate the effectiveness of Three-dimensional printing (3D) printing to create patient-specific immobilization devices in comparison to traditional devices. Earlier studies have reported the advantages of 3D printed materials in the form of phantoms included improved patient experience and comfort over traditional methods. Further, high levels of accuracy between immobilizer and patient, reproducibility, and similar beam attenuation properties were better achieved compared to conventional or thermoformed immobilizers.

Methods:
The additive manufacturing process, however, is considered time-consuming as it requires time to print the desired shape. In the current study, polyamide-based PA 2200 which is biocompatible was used as source material for printing the customized Immobilize devices for radiotherapy.

Results:
Computer-aided designing (CAD) was used to design following the computer tomography scan of patients. The design was fed to the 3D printer for further processing.

Conclusions:
The mechanical properties of materials are important to receive the geometrical requirement that fits every patient. We used PA 2200, which is more biocompatible compared to other materials to produce phantoms using the system-generated design of the patient geometry. Further, phantoms produced did not show much deviation in radio fractionation when compared to the thermoplastic molds.
Socio-economic determinants of net-income in fish farming in Kainji Lake Basin, Nigeria onomic determinants of net-income in fish farming in Kainji Lake Basin, Nigeria
Authors: Omeje Julius E. , Achike Anthonia I. , Arene Chukwuemeka J. , Faleke Sunday A. , Manuwuike Queen C. , Usman Garba A. 
Published: November 2021

The study analyzed the socio-economic determinants of net-income in aquaculture of Kainji, Lake Basin, Nigeria. Specifically, the study examined the; fish farming systems; cost and returns, socio-economic determinants of net-farm income and challenges of fish farming in the area. The study adopted a two-stage sampling procedure to select 120 table-size fish farmers. Data were collected with questionnaires that were administered through face-to-face interview and analyzed using descriptive statistics, budgetary technique and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that 35.00 % of the fish farmers were within the age bracket of 31-40 years, 53.34 % were men, 91.67 % were married, 55.83 % had between 1-5 years of experience in fish farming and 75.83 % had tertiary educational qualification. Majority (92 %) of the fish farmers practiced the monoculture of catfish using earthen ponds system. The estimated total expenses were <strike>N</strike> 14,953,330.74 while the total revenue generated from 9 fish ponds, each stocked with an average of 3883.986 fingerlings in 2 cycles per year was <strike>N</strike> 20,188,142.00. The estimated net-farm income after tax was <strike>N</strike> 5,234,811.26 while the net profit margin and return on investment was 25.93 % and 35% respectively. Age, experience and household size were positive and significant (p<0.05) socio-economic factors that affected net-farm income while the challenges of fish farming were high cost of feed ( ̅x=3.24), poor pricing ( ̅x =3.11), poor access to capital ( ̅x=3.09) and persistent poaching/theft ( ̅x= 2.67). Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that there should be an intensive research by the fish nutrition division of National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research (NIFFR) on the possible alternatives of crude protein source that could be a perfect substitute to Clupeids in fish feeds.
Keywords: aquaculture, catfish, socio-economic, profitability, farmers
Plans and Interventions of South African Grade 1 Educators During the 2020 Lockdown Period
Authors: Grobler Annemie 
Published: November 2021

The extended lockdown in 2020 found South African educators employing innovative strategies to teach and assess Foundation Phase learners. Educators had to make do with reduced hours in the classroom and experienced new challenges in delivering curriculum content to learners that had barely grown accustomed to the formal classroom setup. Empirical research attempted to identify the plans and approaches used by grade 1 educators. The findings may indicate best practices as experienced in this time and help to inform the approach taken during future repetitions of extraordinary circumstances. A theoretical and conceptual framework based on the current constructivist approach adopted by the Curriculum Assessment and Policy Statement (CAPS) guided the empirical research and informed the construction of the questionnaire. The key findings were themed into strategies for presenting teaching and learning, communication, and the impact on schooling. Findings were compared to the premises of the theoretical framework and conclusions drawn. It was noted that educators were hesitant to move their schooling entirely to the virtual learning platform and eager to return to the school environment. Various obstacles posed by the digital divide were flagged as threats to future situations and the involvement of parents was emphasized. The resilience of educators to continue to ply their trade, and their belief in the indomitable spirit of children, may offer conducive circumstances for future innovations in education.
Separation of stellar properties using SDSS, 2MASS magnitudes
Authors: Сичевский С.Г. 
Published: November 2021

В работе описан и апробирован на выборке размером ∼ 300 звезд теоретико-вероятностный подход, который на основе блеска в полосах ugriz и JHK s позволяет вынести суждение о значениях атмосферных характеристик звезды и полном поглощении. Подход основан на методе максимального правдоподобия с использованием поискового индекса по типу k - d дерева, для создания которого использовались результаты вычислений моделей звездных атмосфер Куруца.
We present a probability-theoretic approach to separation of stellar properties using SDSS, 2MASS magnitudes. The approach is based on the maximum likelihood method using a search index of the type k - d tree. Using synthetic photometry of Kurucz model spectra, the search index is constructed and the approach is tested on sample of ∼ 300 stars.
Evaluación didáctica de los efectos de la COVID-19 en la enseñanza superior
Authors: Rodríguez Olay Lucía , Nadal Masegosa Antonio 
Published: November 2021

La presente investigación se configura en una evaluación didáctica, es decir, en un análisis que pretende generar aprendizaje, de las consideraciones estudiantiles de los efectos de la COVID-19 en sus estudios de doble grado en Educación Primaria y Estudios Ingleses de la Universidad de Málaga, por lo que se contribuye a la literatura científica existente sobre la materia a través del análisis estadístico de cuestiones relativas a la comunicación, la carga de trabajo, la calidad de la docencia, la evaluación, los cambios en la educación, y la satisfacción general. Como objetivos generales se establecen, por un lado, estudiar, a través de las citadas categorías, la influencia y repercusión que la enseñanza en línea tiene en el alumnado universitario del doble grado y, por otro lado, valorar si existe una diferencia entre los resultados de los hombres y de las mujeres, para otorgar a los datos obtenidos una pretendida potencialidad didáctica; los resultados obtenidos muestran una amplia amalgama de consideraciones que deben evaluarse para que contribuyan a la ciencia pedagógica y aporten relevancia didáctica al aprendizaje ante posibles hechos que pudieran retrotraernos a la enseñanza bimodal o directamente no presencial.
TRANSMISSÃO VERTICAL DO HIV: O PAPEL DO ENFERMEIRO NO CUIDADO A GESTANTE SOROPOSITIVO
Authors: Franco Nicoly Fernandes , Ribeiro Tiago Pacheco Brandão 
Published: November 2021

Estudo de revisão da literatura que objetivou realizar uma análise sobre a atuação da enfermagem à gestante portadora do HIV frente ao aconselhamento no pré-natal. A metodologia trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de abordagem qualitativa, com as pesquisas realizadas na base de dados online Portal Regional da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e em seus sites afiliados. Incluíram-se publicações divulgadas entre 2017 e 2021, com texto completo, artigos, monografias e teses nos idiomas português e inglês, disponíveis de forma gratuita, que atendessem até três descritores utilizados. Foram excluídos trabalhos com data inferior a 2017, também àquelas que apresentavam apenas resumos e citações com idiomas diferentes dos citados anteriormente. O estudo foi composto pela análise de 10 publicações. Os resultados mostram o papel do enfermeiro está ligado ao cuidado as gestantes soropositivas em relação a transmissão vertical (TV), ou seja, o cuidado no pré-natal das gestantes soropositivas. Conclui-se que o enfermeiro contribui bastante para a educação em saúde, solicitando e avaliando os possíveis sinais e sintomas do HIV precocemente na gestante, com sua busca ativa e minuciosa nas consultas de pré-natal.
DOCENCIA VS INVESTIGACIÓN UNIVERSITARIA
Authors: Vélez Suárez Claudio Vinicio 
Published: November 2021

desarrollo social exige a la educación, como formadora de hombres y mujeres integrales preparados para enfrentar los retos de la sociedad.
* Las continuas apreciaciones que se hacen en torno al sistema de educación Superior Colombiana reflejan una muy precaria incidencia de éste, sobre la sociedad.
* La actual crisis de la educación, que evidencia no sólo el divorcio Universidad – Sociedad – empresa sino también la separación entre docencia e investigación, manifiesta la poca influencia que las instituciones de educación superior tienen en el medio, y la carencia de un espacio universitario de reflexión que aporte alternativas de desarrollo de la región.
El imaginario de hoy deposita en la formación de las personas un importante papel para afrontar con éxito los retos que nos depara el futuro en la educación universitaria y en la investigación. En cuanto a la investigación educativa, ésta “es una investigación creciente y sumamente diversificada. Sin embargo, las dificultades no únicamente proceden del docente, pues además los programas educativos vigentes en las instituciones de nivel superior acusan graves deficiencias en cuanto a la formación investigativa de los estudiantes.
La función de la investigación universitaria se enfoca hacia el fortalecimiento de la divulgación científica y tecnológica, el mercadeo y la cooperación técnica nacional e internacional, con el fin de integrar los recursos y oportunidades de las instituciones a las necesidades y prioridades de la comunidad universitaria.
Determinanty migracji zarobkowych młodych mieszkańców Podkarpacia w świetle badań bezpośrednich
Authors: Wolanin-Jarosz Elżbieta 
Published: November 2021

W opracowaniu skoncentrowano się na rozpoznaniu głównych celów i czynników warunkujących wyjazdy zarobkowe Polaków z regionu Podkarpacia. Zasadnicza część publikacji – empiryczna opiera się na wynikach badań bezpośrednich przeprowadzonych wśród młodych mieszkańców Podkarpacia (próba pilotażowa – 120 osób).
Wyniki badań bezpośrednich przeprowadzonych wśród osób, które wyjeżdżały za granicę z województwa podkarpackiego wykazują, że najważniejszym celem emigracji była chęć stabilizacji materialnej orazuniezależnienie finansowe. Ponadto, najistotniejszymi czynnikami decydującymi o emigracji okazały się: niekorzystna sytuacja materialna respondentów w Polsce oraz brak szans na stałą pracę w kraju.
Zjawisko emigracji zagranicznej pociąga za sobą ogromne konsekwencje wpływające zarówno na funkcjonowanie gospodarki, jak i całego społeczeństwa Polski. Biorąc pod uwagę skutki emigracji, zarówno szanse, jak i zagrożenia, państwo powinno bardzo rozważnie formułować strategie w zakresie polityki ekonomicznej i migracyjnej.
El Desarrollo de Habilidades Investigativas: un eje en el proceso de formación de licenciados en educación
Authors: Begué Lema Ana Lucía 
Published: November 2021

El tema del presente escrito está articulado por dos aspectos fundamentales: la formación de licenciados y la formación para la investigación, aspectos que constituyen una unidad, puesto que el tipo de formación que se reciba en la institución de educación superior se debe ver reflejado en un ejercicio profesional caracterizado por un pensamiento reflexivo, crítico, autónomo, lógico y flexible, que permita responder a las necesidades del entorno y de los estudiantes. En este sentido se presenta la manera en que se articula la formación para la investigación en las Licenciaturas en Educación del tecnológico de Antioquia-Institución Universitaria.Abstract:This article’s subject is joined by two fundamental aspects: Education for Licentiates in Education and Education for Investigation. Both make a unity, since the type of education received at the institution must be reflected in a professional practice characterized by a reflexive, critical, logical, flexible and autonomous thinking, which allows answe
Ensaio sobre a dignidade humana enquanto essência da humanidade
Authors: Bruno Flávio Marcelo Rodrigues 
Published: November 2021

Este trabalho constitui um ensaio temático que resta dividido em três atos, no primeiro são abordados os direitos humanos e a dignidade da pessoa humana enquanto valor e princípio fundamental; no segundo a dignidade da pessoa humana na ordem constitucional e no terceiro e último, a dignidade humana e a interpretação judicial dos direitos humanos. Tendo como objetivo nuclear, possibilitar uma visão reflexiva sobre a dignidade da pessoa humana. Como pano de fundo deste trabalho, real motivação do estado da arte e das indagações suscitadas ao logo do texto, está a instigação de reflexões, através de uma análise filosófico-histórica mais aprofundada do conceito de dignidade da pessoa humana enquanto essência da humanidade. Razão pela qual, este trabalho visa contribuir com a construção do conhecimento em relação à dignidade da pessoa humana.

This paper is a thematic essay divided into three acts. The first one deals with human rights and the dignity of the human person as a fundamental value and principle; the second one with human dignity in the constitutional order; and the third and last one with human dignity and the judicial interpretation of human rights. The nuclear objective is to enable a reflective view on the dignity of the human person. The background of this work, the real motivation of the state of the art and the questions raised throughout the text, is the instigation of reflection, through a deeper philosophical-historical analysis of the concept of dignity of the human person as the essence of humanity. For this reason, this paper aims to contribute to the construction of knowledge regarding the dignity of the human person.
Coliformes totais e fecais em águas da rede pública da comuna do Forte Santa Rita
Authors: Cachapa Agostinho Francisco , Jacinto Irineu da conceição António , Camunda Bernardo Manuel 
Published: November 2021

The present study addresses the presence of totals and fecal coliforms in the water consumed by the population of Forte Santa Rita Commune, Municipal district of Moçâmedes in Angola, to allow comparing its actual state with the pattern values established by WHO, allowing taking the appropriate measure so that it is provided with the required quality. The objective of the study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of the water consumed by the population of Forte Santa Rita Commune, in order to facilitate future corrective and preventive actions. It was evaluated the microbiological quality of consumed water in 5 points of Forte Santa Rita Commune, which were analyzed at the local water quality control laboratory in Huila. This was a study with a quantitative and qualitative focus, in which was used filtrate membrane technique. As a result, when analyzing the 5 water samples in October 2019, the presence of Escherichia coli colonies was found in 2 samples, corresponding to 40% of water samples analyzed, whereas in December, the collected samples showed absence of totals and fecal coliforms in 100% of the analyzed samples, it demonstrates an improvement in the water quality for the human consumption. It was concluded that, although the December water samples shows absence of totals and fecal coliforms, it cannot be discarded the need of a continued surveillance through tests, proving its quality.
VARIATION IN GROWTH AMONG NINE BOSNIAN HERZEGOVINIAN PROVENANCES OF SILVER FIR (Abies alba Mill)
Authors: Višnjić Ćemal , Balić Besim , Halilović Velid , Šehić Fuad 
Published: November 2021

UDK: 630*232:582.475(497.6)
Provenance experiments with forest trees provide valuable information about the growth and adaptability of population, often transferred from remote geographical regions and various climate conditions. This study researches the growth of nine provenances of silver fir from the area of its natural distribution in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The experiment was established in the year 1991 in the form of a random block system with 5 repetitions. For planting, we used five-year-old seedlings (2/3), and planting spacing was 2x2 m. Each Silver fir provenance was included with 320 plants. Measurement results in the 28th year of age show the existence of variations between silver fir provenances in characteristics; mean height, mean diameter and average tree volume. Silver fir provenance from Bosanski Petrovac showed the best results. The mean height of this Silver fir provenance at the age of 28 was 9.1 m, while the mean diameter was 11.9 cm. Provenances that show the lowest growth (8.1 m) were from Pale, Olovo-Klis and Konjic. Silver fir provenance from Konjic has the lowest mean diameter (10.7 cm). In all provenances, we have had a culmination of height increment in age between 20 and 25 years. Variation between tested silver fir provenances for examined characteristic “mean height” was larger (four groups of population) compared to examined characteristic “mean diameter” (two groups of population). Volume of mean tree (0.062m3) and assortment (111.33 m3/ha) in Bosanski Petrovac provenance was larger than spreadsheet values for the first yield class for Central Europe conditions. The trial shows that silver fir in Bosnia and Herzegovina is variable on the local level due to specific micro-habitual conditions in which it grows.