bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome‐wide miRNAs profiles of pearl millet under contrasting high vapor pressure deficit reveal their functional roles in drought stress adaptations
Authors: Palakolanu Sudhakar Reddy , Gupta Saurabh , Yeshvekar Richa K. , Chakravartty Navajeet , Kaliamoorthy Sivasakthi , Shankhapal Aishwarya Rajesh , Vempati Ashwini Soumya , Kuriakose Boney , Lekkala Sivarama Prasad , Philip Manuel , Perumal Rajadurai Chinnasamy , Lachagari Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy , Bhatnagar‐Mathur Pooja 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.) is an important crop capable of growing in harsh and marginal environments, with the highest degree of tolerance to drought and heat stresses among cereals. Diverse germplasm of pearl millet shows a significant phenotypic variation in response to abiotic stresses, making it a unique model to study the mechanisms responsible for stress mitigation. The present study focuses on identifying the physiological response of two pearl millet high‐resolution cross (HRC) genotypes, ICMR 1122 and ICMR 1152, in response to low and high vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Under high VPD conditions, ICMR 1152 exhibited a lower transpiration rate (Tr), higher transpiration efficiency, and lower root sap exudation than ICMR 1122. Further, Pg‐miRNAs expressed in the contrasting genotypes under low and high VPD conditions were identified by deep sequencing analysis. A total of 116 known and 61 novel Pg‐miRNAs were identified from ICMR 1152, while 26 known and six novel Pg‐miRNAs were identified from ICMR 1122 genotypes, respectively. While Pg‐miR165, 168, 170, and 319 families exhibited significant differential expression under low and high VPD conditions in both genotypes, ICMR 1152 showed abundant expression of Pg‐miR167, Pg‐miR172, Pg‐miR396 Pg‐miR399, Pg‐miR862, Pg‐miR868, Pg‐miR950, Pg‐miR5054, and Pg‐miR7527 indicating their direct and indirect role in root physiology and abiotic stress responses. Drought responsive Pg‐miRNA targets showed upregulation in response to high VPD stress, further narrowing down the miRNAs involved in regulation of drought tolerance in pearl millet.
Molecular dynamics simulations to explore the structure and rheological properties of normal and hyperconcentrated airway mucus
Authors: Ford Andrew G. , Cao Xue‐Zheng , Papanikolas Micah J. , Kato Takafumi , Boucher Richard C. , Markovetz Matthew R. , Hill David B. , Freeman Ronit , Forest Mark Gregory 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe develop the first molecular dynamics model of airway mucus based on the detailed physical properties and chemical structure of the predominant gel‐forming mucin MUC5B. Our airway mucus model leverages the LAMMPS open‐source code [https://lammps.sandia.gov], based on the statistical physics of polymers, from single molecules to networks. On top of the LAMMPS platform, the chemical structure of MUC5B is used to superimpose proximity‐based, noncovalent, transient interactions within and between the specific domains of MUC5B polymers. We explore feasible ranges of hydrophobic and electrostatic interaction strengths between MUC5B domains with 9 nm spatial and 1 ns temporal resolution. Our goal here is to propose and test a mechanistic hypothesis for a striking clinical observation with respect to airway mucus: a 10‐fold increase in nonswellable, dense structures called flakes during progression of cystic fibrosis disease. Among the myriad possible effects that might promote self‐organization of MUC5B networks into flake structures, we hypothesize and confirm that the clinically confirmed increase in mucin concentration, from 1.5 to 5 mg/ml, alone is sufficient to drive the structure changes observed with scanning electron microscopy images from experimental samples. We postprocess the LAMMPS simulated data sets at 1.5 and 5 mg/ml, both to image the structure transition and compare with scanning electron micrographs and to show that the 3.33‐fold increase in concentration induces closer proximity of interacting electrostatic and hydrophobic domains, thereby amplifying the proximity‐based strength of the interactions.
New hybrid evolutionary models for spatial prediction of soil properties in Kurdistan
Authors: Mahmoudzadeh Hamid , Matinfar Hamid Reza , Kerry Ruth , Eskandari Shler , Ebrahimi‐Khusfi Zohre , Taghizadeh‐Mehrjardi Ruhollah 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWith intense human activity causing constant environmental change, there is a greater need than ever to have accurate and frequently updated soil information. Traditional soil maps are large‐scale polygon maps of soil type and implicitly assume no variation in soil properties within polygons. DSM approaches can increase the accuracy of modelling. Therefore, the current study was conducted to evaluate the applicability of a classic adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and three hybridized ANFIS models (i.e. particle swarm optimization—PSO, the genetic model—GA and the artificial bee colony model—ABC) for predicting eight soil properties in western Iran. The ANFIS+ABC and ANFIS+PSO approaches showed the best performance in predicting soil properties such as soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (N). The ABC+ANFIS‐hybrid model increased R2 values by 0.32, 0.24, 0.23 and 0.37 and decreased RMSEs by 11%, 32.7 mg kg−1, 0.08 mmhos cm−1 and 0.3% when predicting SOC, K, EC and SP, respectively, compared with the ANFIS model alone. Also, the use of the PSO+ANFIS‐hybrid model led to an increase in R2 values of 0.44, 0.29, 0.34 and 0.36 and a decrease in RMSEs of 0.02, 0.29 ppm, 0.34% and 0.36% for predicting N, P, pH and TNV, respectively, compared with the ANFIS model alone. In general, the ANFIS+ABC and ANFIS+PSO improved the prediction accuracies for SOC and N by 32% and 24%, respectively, compared with the classic ANFIS model. As a whole, our findings demonstrated the ability of hybrid models for improving the accuracy of the ANFIS approach for predicting soil features in western Iran, which supports our main hypothesis.
Clinical outcome of dogs diagnosed with canine inflammatory mammary cancer treated with metronomic cyclophosphamide, a cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitor and toceranib phosphate
Authors: Alonso‐Miguel Daniel , Valdivia Guillermo , García‐San José Paula , Alonso‐Diez Ángela , Clares Irene , Portero Miriam , Peña Laura , Pérez‐Alenza Maria Dolores 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCanine inflammatory mammary cancer (IMC) is highly malignant, invasive and a therapeutic challenge, because effective medical treatment is still unavailable. This retrospective study compares the efficacy of an oral cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) inhibitor combined with toceranib phosphate and oral cyclophosphamide (multi‐drug therapy [MT]) with COX‐2 inhibitor therapy alone (single‐drug therapy [ST]) in dogs diagnosed with secondary IMC. Clinical response, adverse events, overall survival time (OST), disease‐free survival (DFS) and time to progression (TTP) were evaluated. Sixteen patients were included, eight received MT and eight receiving ST. Median OST was significantly higher in patients receiving MT (96.0 vs. 37.5 days; p = .046) and in patients with post‐surgical rather than non‐surgical IMC (86.5 vs. 41.5 days; p = .038). Additionally, median TTP was significantly higher in patients treated with MT (p = .010). In patients with non‐surgical IMC, the clinical benefit (CB) was reached in 100% (n = 3) of patients receiving MT and in 33% (n = 1) of those receiving ST; the response duration was significantly longer in MT cases (p = .026). The absence of disease progression at day 30 of treatment was significantly associated with longer OST, DFS and TTP (p = .018, p = .002 and p < .001, respectively). Adverse events occurred more frequently in patients treated with MT compared with ST (p = .026). The MT protocol produced primarily mild to moderate toxicities, which were resolved with supportive care; therefore, the combination of drugs was adequately tolerated by most of the patients. The combination of toceranib, a COX‐2 inhibitor and oral cyclophosphamide may be a protocol with potential therapeutic efficacy for dogs with IMC.
Prognostic impact of bone invasion in canine oral malignant melanoma treated by surgery and anti‐CSPG4 vaccination: A retrospective study on 68 cases (2010–2020)
Authors: Camerino Mariateresa , Giacobino Davide , Manassero Luca , Iussich Selina , Riccardo Federica , Cavallo Federica , Tarone Lidia , Olimpo Matteo , Lardone Elena , Martano Marina , Del Magno Sara , Buracco Paolo , Morello Emanuela 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPrognosis of canine oral malignant melanoma encompasses clinical, histological and immunohistochemical parameters. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of bone invasion in oral canine melanoma. Sixty‐eight dogs bearing oral melanoma staged II and III that underwent surgery and anti‐CSPG4 electrovaccination, with available histological data and a minimum follow up of minimum 1 year, were retrospectively selected. Bone invasion was detected on imaging and/or histology. Median survival time of dogs with evidence of bone invasion (group 1) was 397 days and significantly shorter compared with dogs with oral melanomas not invading the bone (group 2, 1063 days). Dogs with tumours localised at the level of the cheek, lip, tongue and soft palate (soft tissue ‐ group 3) lived significantly longer compared with dogs having tumours within the gingiva of the maxilla or mandible (hard tissue ‐ group 4) with a median survival time of 1063 and 470 days, respectively. Within group 4, the subgroup of dogs with tumours not invading the bone (group 5) showed a significant prolonged survival time (972 days) in comparison with dogs of group 1 (bone invasion group). Similar results were obtained for the disease‐free intervals amongst the different groups. Statistical analysis showed that Ki67 and mitotic count were correlated with shorter survival in patients of group 1 (with bone invasion). Bone invasion should always be assessed since it appears to be a negative prognostic factor.
Educational antimicrobial stewardship programs in medical schools: a scoping review
Authors: Augie Bashar M. , Miot Jacqui , van Zyl Robyn L. , McInerney Patricia A. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this scoping review was to identify the available evidence on antimicrobial stewardship programs for teaching medical students about rational antimicrobial use, including the content taught and the method of instruction used.

Introduction:
Antibiotics are a precious resource whose discovery have saved millions of lives. They are used extensively in surgical procedures, cancer chemotherapy, and in the treatment of infectious diseases. However, the development of antimicrobial resistance and the slow rate of discovery of new agents with novel mechanisms of actions represent a threat to modern medicine.

Inclusion criteria:
This scoping review considered papers that described medical school curricula that focused on the teaching and learning of the prescription of antimicrobial medication. Studies that described this concept in the curricula of other health profession students, such as nursing, pharmacy, or dentistry students, were excluded.

Methods:
The JBI three-step process was followed and conducted by two reviewers. The scoping review followed an a priori published protocol. Eight databases were searched for both published and unpublished literature and gray literature. Only studies published in English from 1996 onwards were included. Full texts of selected citations were assessed against the inclusion criteria by two independent reviewers. Data were independently extracted by two reviewers. Disagreements were resolved through discussion, and the need for a third reviewer was not required. Data extraction was undertaken using a modified charting table developed for the review objectives. The findings are presented using the narrative synthesis.

Results:
Thirteen studies were included in the review, with most of the papers originating from the United States of America and Europe, with one from developing countries. Didactic lectures and web-based distance learning were the most common modes of instruction used in the included papers. Six of the included papers presented the outcomes of their interventions; different methods of assessment were used to evaluate students, which included baseline and post-instruction assessment or a series of short exams. Some of the concepts in the teaching material included the use of antimicrobial agents, prevention of antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial stewardship, and infection prevention control. The programs (ranging from 75 minutes to 100 hours) were implemented from second to fourth year of study.

Conclusions:
A wide range of interventions were used to teach the principles of antimicrobial stewardship to medical students. There is a need to further evaluate these programs through follow-up of students after graduation to determine whether the skills learned are retained.
Sustaining Regular Exercise During Weight Loss Maintenance: The Role of Consistent Exercise Timing
Authors: Schumacher Leah M. , Thomas J. Graham , Wing Rena R. , Raynor Hollie A. , Rhodes Ryan E. , Bond Dale S. 
Published: August 2021

Background: Exercising at a consistent versus variable time of day cross-sectionally relates to greater moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among weight loss maintainers. This study evaluated the relationships between exercise timing and both MVPA levels and habit strength, as well as stability in exercise timing, over 1 year among maintainers in the National Weight Control Registry. Methods: Participants (n = 709) completed questionnaires assessing exercise timing, MVPA, and exercise automaticity (a measure of habit) at baseline and 1-year follow-up. At each assessment, participants were labeled temporally consistent exercisers if >50% of their exercise sessions per week occurred in one time window: early morning, late morning, afternoon, or evening. Participants exercising consistently during the same window at both assessments were labeled as having stable patterns. Results: Temporally consistent exercise at baseline, regardless of its specific time, related to greater MVPA over time (Ps< .05). Approximately half of temporally consistent exercisers at baseline exhibited stable patterns. Early morning exercise and greater exercise automaticity at baseline predicted stable patterns (Ps< .005). Temporally consistent exercise, especially during the early morning, related to greater automaticity across time (Ps< .01). Conclusions: Consistent exercise timing may help maintainers accrue more MVPA. Consistent early morning exercise was most strongly related to exercise automaticity and routine stability.
School-Based High-Intensity Interval Training Programs for Promoting Physical Activity and Fitness in Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bento André Filipe Paulino da Silva , Carrasco Páez Luis , Raimundo Armando Manuel de Mendonça 
Published: August 2021

Purpose: This review aimed to evaluate the utility of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) programs integrated into physical education classes. Method: Searches of electronic databases from January 2008 to March 2020. Inclusion criteria: Applied to adolescents aged 10–19 years; applied in school settings; reported results on physical fitness, physical activity (PA), and motivation; at least for 4 weeks; and randomized controlled trials. Studies with adolescents with physical or intellectual limitations were excluded, as well as other interventions parallel to HIIT. Results: Fourteen studies were included. All works present significant improvements in physical fitness and PA. Improvements in body composition recorded, at most, a moderate effect size. HIIT is presented as a powerful stimulus on cardiorespiratory fitness. Improvements in PA registered, a least, a moderate effect size. Conclusions: HIIT in the school context has great potential in improving physical fitness and PA in adolescents. HIIT efficiency (about 10 min) reflects the wide applicability that these protocols can have in physical education classes and great adaptation to the facilities.
First Pentanuclear Molybdenum Iodide Cluster (Bu4N)[Mo5OI13]: Synthesis and Structure
Authors: Mikhaylov M. A. , Sukhikh T. S. , Sheven’ D. G. , Sokolov M. N. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe first iodide cluster of molybdenum with the metal cage in the form of a tetragonal pyramid (Bu4N)[Mo5OI13]·THF (I) and cocrystallizate (Bu4N){[Mo5OI13]0.9[Mo6I14]·THF (II) are synthesized for the first time by heating a LiI–I2–Mo mixture in a temperature range of 300–400°С followed by the extraction of the product. ComplexesIandIIare studied by X-ray diffraction analysis (CIF files CCDC nos. 2063029 (I) and 2063030 (II)). The molybdenum atoms in [Mo5OI13]–form a square pyramid with Mo–Mo distances of 2.67 Å between the basal molybdenum atoms and the Mo–Mo distances equal to 2.72 Å between the apical and basal molybdenum atoms. The oxygen atom is coordinated to the pyramid base (Mo–μ4-O 2.10 Å). The cluster anion [Mo5OI13]–can be presented as the octahedral cluster anion [Mo6I14]2–in which the position of the {MoI}–fragment (d0, 6e) is occupied by the isoelectronic oxygen atom (s2p4, 6e). In the structure of compoundII, the [Mo5OI13]–and [Mo6I14]2–cluster anions occupy close atomic positions.
Non-unitarity of Minkowskian non-local quantum field theories
Authors: Briscese Fabio , Modesto Leonardo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe show that Minkowskian non-local quantum field theories are not unitary. We consider a simple one loop diagram for a scalar non-local field and show that the imaginary part of the corresponding complex amplitude is not given by Cutkosky rules, indeed this diagram violates the unitarity condition. We compare this result with the case of an Euclidean non-local scalar field, that has been shown to satisfy the Cutkosky rules, and we clearly identify the reason of the breaking of unitarity of the Minkowskian theory.
Hidden and doubly heavy molecular states from interactions $$D^{(*)}_{(s)}{{\bar{D}}}^{(*)}_{s}$$/$$B^{(*)}_{(s)}{{\bar{B}}}^{(*)}_{s}$$ and $${D}^{(*)}_{(s)}D_{s}^{(*)}$$/$${B}^{(*)}_{(s)}B_{s}^{(*)}$$
Authors: Ding Zuo-Ming , Jiang Han-Yu , Song Dan , He Jun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this work, we perform a systematical investigation about the possible hidden and doubly heavy molecular states with open and hidden strangeness from interactions of $$D^{(*)}{{\bar{D}}}^{(*)}_{s}$$

D

(

∗
)

D

¯

s

(

∗
)

/$$B^{(*)}{{\bar{B}}}^{(*)}_{s}$$

B

(

∗
)

B

¯

s

(

∗
)

, $${D}^{(*)}_{s}{{\bar{D}}}^{(*)}_{s}$$

D

s

(

∗
)

D

¯

s

(

∗
)

/$${{B}}^{(*)}_{s}{{\bar{B}}}^{(*)}_{s}$$

B

s

(

∗
)

B

¯

s

(

∗
)

, $${D}^{(*)}D_{s}^{(*)}$$

D

(

∗
)

D

s

(

∗
)

/$${B}^{(*)}B_{s}^{(*)}$$

B

(

∗
)

B

s

(

∗
)

, and $$D_{s}^{(*)}D_{s}^{(*)}$$

D

s

(

∗
)

D

s

(

∗
)

/$$B_{s}^{(*)}B_{s}^{(*)}$$

B

s

(

∗
)

B

s

(

∗
)

in a quasipotential Bethe-Salpeter equation approach. The interactions of the systems considered are described within the one-boson-exchange model, which includes exchanges of light mesons and $$J/\psi /\varUpsilon $$

J
/
ψ
/
Υ

meson. Possible molecular states are searched for as poles of scattering amplitudes of the interactions considered. The results suggest that recently observed $$Z_{cs}(3985)$$

Z

cs

(
3985
)

can be assigned as a molecular state of $$D^*{\bar{D}}_s+D{\bar{D}}^*_s$$

D
∗

D

¯

s

+
D

D

¯

s
∗

, which is a partner of $$Z_c(3900)$$

Z
c

(
3900
)

state as a $$D{\bar{D}}^*$$

D

D

¯

∗

molecular state. The calculation also favors the existence of hidden heavy states $$D_s{\bar{D}}_s/B_s{\bar{B}}_s$$

D
s

D

¯

s

/

B
s

B

¯

s

with spin parity $$J^P=0^+$$

J
P

=

0
+

, $$D_s{\bar{D}}^*_s/B_s{\bar{B}}^*_s$$

D
s

D

¯

s
∗

/

B
s

B

¯

s
∗

with $$1^{+}$$

1
+

, and $$D^*_s{\bar{D}}^*_s/B^*_s{\bar{B}}^*_s$$

D
s
∗

D

¯

s
∗

/

B
s
∗

B

¯

s
∗

with $$0^+$$

0
+

, $$1^+$$

1
+

, and $$2^+$$

2
+

. In the doubly heavy sector, the bound states can be found from the interactions $$(D^*D_s+DD^*_s)/(B^*B_s+BB^*_s)$$

(

D
∗

D
s

+
D

D
s
∗

)

/

(

B
∗

B
s

+
B

B
s
∗

)

with $$1^+$$

1
+

, $$D_s{\bar{D}}_s^*/B_s{\bar{B}}_s^*$$

D
s

D

¯

s
∗

/

B
s

B

¯

s
∗

with $$1^+$$

1
+

, $$D^*D^*_s/B^*B^*_s$$

D
∗

D
s
∗

/

B
∗

B
s
∗

with $$1^+$$

1
+

and $$2^+$$

2
+

, and $$D^*_sD^*_s/B^*_sB^*_s$$

D
s
∗

D
s
∗

/

B
s
∗

B
s
∗

with $$1^+$$

1
+

and $$2^+$$

2
+

. Some other interactions are also found attractive, but may be not strong enough to produce a bound state. The results in this work are helpful for understanding the $$Z_{cs}(3985)$$

Z

cs

(
3985
)

, and future experimental search for the new molecular states.
Reconstructing inflation in scalar-torsion $$f(T,\phi )$$ gravity
Authors: Gonzalez-Espinoza Manuel , Herrera Ramón , Otalora Giovanni , Saavedra Joel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIt is investigated the reconstruction during the slow-roll inflation in the most general class of scalar-torsion theories whose Lagrangian density is an arbitrary function $$f(T,\phi )$$

f
(
T
,
ϕ
)

of the torsion scalar T of teleparallel gravity and the inflaton $$\phi $$
ϕ
. For the class of theories with Lagrangian density $$f(T,\phi )=-M_{pl}^{2} T/2 - G(T) F(\phi ) - V(\phi )$$

f

(
T
,
ϕ
)

=
-

M

pl

2

T
/
2
-
G

(
T
)

F

(
ϕ
)

-
V

(
ϕ
)

, with $$G(T)\sim T^{s+1}$$

G

(
T
)

∼

T

s
+
1

and the power s as constant, we consider a reconstruction scheme for determining both the non-minimal coupling function $$F(\phi )$$

F
(
ϕ
)

and the scalar potential $$V(\phi )$$

V
(
ϕ
)

through the parametrization (or attractor) of the scalar spectral index $$n_{s}(N)$$

n
s

(
N
)

and the tensor-to-scalar ratio r(N) as functions of the number of $$e-$$

e
-

folds N. As specific examples, we analyze the attractors $$n_{s}-1 \propto 1/N$$

n
s

-
1
∝
1
/
N

and $$r\propto 1/N$$

r
∝
1
/
N

, as well as the case $$r\propto 1/N (N+\gamma )$$

r
∝
1
/
N
(
N
+
γ
)

with $$\gamma $$
γ
a dimensionless constant. In this sense and depending on the attractors considered, we obtain different expressions for the function $$F(\phi )$$

F
(
ϕ
)

and the potential $$V(\phi )$$

V
(
ϕ
)

, as also the constraints on the parameters present in our model and its reconstruction.
Associations of Biomarkers of Inflammation and Breast Cancer in the Breast Adipose Tissue of Women with Combined Measures of Adiposity
Authors: Chang Sue-Ling , Tchernof André , Durocher Francine , Diorio Caroline 
Published: August 2021

Background. Mechanisms underlying the obesity-breast cancer link involve inflammation but need to be elucidated. Determining obesity by combining body mass index (BMI) with the waist circumference (WC) may clarify the role of inflammatory and hormonally related markers in breast cancer. We examined the effect of combining adiposity indices (BMI/WC) with the gene expression of several biomarkers involved in breast cancer. Methods. Expression of cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1 (CYP19A1), estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-α), allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and leptin (LEP) in 141 adipose breast tissues was quantified using qPCR method. BMI and WC were measured by a trained nurse and categorized using the median split, BMILOWCLO, BMILOWCHI, BMIHIWCLO, and BMIHIWCHI. Results. Gene expression of IL-6 (3-fold), TNF-α (2-fold), and LEP (2-fold) was higher in the breast adipose tissue of women with high WC regardless of BMI, that is, BMILOWCHI and BMIHIWCHI women (all

P

< 0.01). Compared to BMILOWCLO women, gene expression of CYP19A1, COX2, and AIF1 was increased by two-fold in breast adipose tissue of BMIHIWCHI women (

P

< 0.10). ER-α was not different across adiposity categories. Conclusions. The expression of some biomarkers, particularly those related to inflammation, is elevated in breast adipose tissue of women with a high WC independent of BMI. Obesity monitoring should also include women with normal or low BMI, but with central adiposity.