bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Healthcare Access With Intensive Care Unit Utilization and Mortality in Patients of Hispanic Ethnicity Hospitalized With COVID‐19
Authors: Velasco Ferdinand , Yang Donghan M , Zhang Minzhe , Nelson Tanna , Sheffield Thomas , Keller Tony , Wang Yiqing , Walker Clark , Katterapalli Chaitanya , Zimmerman Kelli , Masica Andrew , Lehmann Christoph U , Xie Yang , Hollingsworth John W 
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUNDRacial and ethnic minority groups in the United States experience a disproportionate burden of COVID‐19 deaths.OBJECTIVETo evaluate whether outcome differences between Hispanic and non‐Hispanic COVID‐19 hospitalized patients exist and, if so, to identify the main malleable contributing factors.DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTSRetrospective, cross‐sectional, observational study of 6097 adult COVID‐19 patients hospitalized within a single large healthcare system from March to November 2020.EXPOSURESSelf‐reported ethnicity and primary language.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESClinical outcomes included intensive care unit (ICU) utilization and in‐hospital death. We used age‐adjusted odds ratios (OR) and multivariable analysis to evaluate the associations between ethnicity/language groups and outcomes.RESULTS32.1% of patients were Hispanic, 38.6% of whom reported a non‐English primary language. Hispanic patients were less likely to be insured, have a primary care provider, and have accessed the healthcare system prior to the COVID‐19 admission. After adjusting for age, Hispanic inpatients experienced higher ICU utilization (non‐English‐speaking: OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.47‐2.08; English‐speaking: OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.95‐1.33) and higher mortality (non‐English‐speaking: OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.10‐1.86; English‐speaking: OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.19‐1.98) compared to non‐Hispanic inpatients. There were no observed treatment disparities among ethnic groups. After adjusting for age, Hispanic inpatients had elevated disease severity at admission (non‐English‐speaking: OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.89‐2.72; English‐speaking: OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.10‐1.61). In multivariable analysis, the associations between ethnicity/language and clinical outcomes decreased after considering baseline disease severity (P < .001).CONCLUSIONThe associations between ethnicity and clinical outcomes can be explained by elevated disease severity at admission and limited access to healthcare for Hispanic patients, especially non‐English‐speaking Hispanics.
Mass Customization and the “Parts-Procurement Planning Problem”
Authors: Fattahi Ali , Dasu Sriram , Ahmadi Reza 
Published: November 2021

We study a new parts-procurement planning problem that is motivated by a global auto manufacturer (GAM) that practices mass customization. Because of the astronomically large number of producible configurations, forecasting their demand is impossible. Instead, firms forecast demand for options that constitute a vehicle. Requirements for many parts (up to 60%) are based on the combinations of options in a fully configured vehicle. The options’ forecast, however, does not map into a unique configuration-level forecast. As a result, the options’ forecast translates into ranges for many parts’ requirements. The combined ranges of a set of parts are not always equal to the sum of the component ranges; they may be less. Determining parts ranges is a large-scale NP-hard problem. Large ranges and inaccurate calculation of these ranges can result in excess inventories, shortages in inventories, and suboptimal flexibility levels. We model and analyze the problem of allocating parts to suppliers and accurately computing the ranges to minimize procurement costs arising because of ranges. The range costs are assumed to be convex increasing. We perform extensive numerical analysis using a large set of randomly generated instances as well as eight industrial instances received from GAM to establish the quality of our approximation framework. Our proposed approach significantly reduces the error in range estimates relative to current industry practice. In addition, the proposed approach for allocations of parts to suppliers reduces joint-parts ranges by an average of 29.87% relative to that of current practice. This paper was accepted by Jeannette Song, operations management.
Management of bone loss in revision total knee arthroplasty: therapeutic options and results
Authors: Rodríguez-Merchán E. Carlos , Gómez-Cardero Primitivo , Encinas-Ullán Carlos A. 
Published: November 2021

The treatment of small to moderate size defects in revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) has yielded good results with various techniques (cement and screws, small metal augments, impaction bone grafting and modular stems). However, the treatment of severe defects remains problematic. Severe defects have typically been treated with large allograft and metaphyseal sleeves. The use of structural allograft has decreased in recent years due to increased long-term failure rates and the introduction of highly porous metal augments (cones and sleeves). A systematic review of level IV evidence studies on the outcomes of rTKA metaphyseal sleeves found a 4% rate of septic revision, and a rate of septic loosening of the sleeves of 0.35%. Aseptic re-revision was required in 3% of the cases. The rate of aseptic loosening of the sleeves was 0.7%, and the rate of intraoperative fracture was 3.1%. The mean follow-up was 3.7 years. Another systematic review of tantalum cones and sleeves found a reoperation rate of 9.7% and a 0.8% rate of aseptic loosening per sleeve. For cones, the reoperation rate was 18.7%, and the rate of aseptic loosening per cone was 1.7%. The reported survival of metal sleeves was 99.1% at three years, 98.7% at five years and 97.8% at 10 years. The reported survival free of cone revision for aseptic loosening was 100%, and survival free of any cone revision was 98%. Survival free of any revision or reoperation was 90% and 83%, respectively. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:1073-1086. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.210007
The accuracy and reliability of preoperative digital 2D templating in prosthesis size prediction in uncemented versus cemented total hip arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Smith Joshua B.V. , Bishi Habeeb , Wang Chao , Asopa Vipin , Field Richard E. , Sochart David H. 
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy and the inter- and intra-observer reliability of preoperative digital 2D templating in prosthesis size prediction for the planning of cemented or uncemented THA. This study was registered in the NIHR PROSPERO database (ID: CRD42020216649) and conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. A search of electronic databases in March 2021 found 29 papers overall. The quality of evidence was assessed using the IHE Quality Appraisal of Case Series Studies Checklist and the CASP Randomised Controlled Trials Checklist. A meta-analysis was conducted, and the accuracy was presented as proportions and the inter- and intra-observer reliability were measured using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Accuracy within one prosthesis size (±1) for cemented stems was 0.89 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.83–0.95), cemented cups 0.78 (95% CI 0.67–0.89), uncemented stems 0.74 (95% CI 0.66–0.82) and uncemented cups 0.73 (95% CI 0.67–0.79) (test of group differences: p = 0.010). Inter-observer reliability (ICC) for uncemented cups was 0.88 (95% CI 0.85–0.91), uncemented stems 0.86 (95% CI 0.81–0.91), cemented stems 0.69 (95% CI 0.54–0.84) and cemented cups 0.68 (95% CI 0.55–0.81) (test of group differences: p = 0.004). Due to lack of data, intra-observer reliability (ICC) could only be calculated for uncemented prostheses, which for the stems was 0.90 (95% CI 0.88–0.92) and for the cups was 0.87 (95% CI 0.83–0.90) (test of group differences: p = 0.124). The accuracy of preoperative digital templating is greater for cemented prostheses, but the inter-observer reliability is greater for uncemented prostheses. The intra-observer reliability showed a high level of agreement for uncemented prostheses.Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:1020-1039. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.210048
Effects of Biomimetic Press Roller Type, Material, Velocity, and Packing Force on Soil Compaction Characteristics
Authors: Zhang Qingzhu , Li Bing , Xu Yunjie , Zhang Jinbo , Li Mo , Tong Jin 
Published: November 2021

HighlightsThe performance of biomimetic rollers was better than that of a conventional roller.The biomimetically ridged roller had better soil compaction performance.The resistance order of rollers with different materials was: Fe360A steel &gt; UHMWPE &gt; enamel coating.Packing force was the most significant factor.Abstract. To reduce soil adhesion and rolling resistance during seeding and improve the uniformity of plant spacing, a biomimetically ridged press roller (BRPR) and a biomimetically polyhedral press roller (BPPR) were designed. Moreover, hydrophobic materials, i.e., ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and enamel coating, were applied and compared with uncoated Fe360A steel. Field experiments were conducted to test the effects of the biomimetic press roller type, material, velocity, and packing force on soil compaction characteristics. A conventional press roller (CPR) was used as a reference. Traction resistance (TR), soil bulk density (SBD), soil moisture content (SMC), emergence rate (ER), and percent change of plant spacing (PCPS) were measured. The packing force was the most significant factor affecting each index. For all rollers, the TR, SBD, ER, and PCPS increased with increasing packing force, while the loss of SMC decreased. The TR and SBD decreased with increasing velocity. All rollers achieved proper SBD for corn seeds. The biomimetic press rollers had a significant effect on TR, PCPS, and SMC on the third day after sowing. The BRPR had lower PCPS and TR than the BPPR and higher SMC than the BPPR on the third day after sowing. Compared with the CPR, the PCPS for all biomimetic rollers decreased, and the ER and SMC increased. The BPPR with Fe360A steel had a slightly higher TR than the CPR, but the other biomimetic rollers had a lower TR than the CPR. The BRPR decreased the TR by 2.13% to 22.30%, while the BPPR decreased the TR by 0.35% to 18.59%. Moreover, both types of biomimetic press rollers had the highest TR values when using Fe360A steel, followed by UHMWPE, and the enamel coating had the lowest TR values. The BRPR decreased the PCPS by 19.46% to 48.34%, while the BPPR decreased the PCPS by 9.69% to 36.99%. The biomimetic rollers increased the ER by 2.17% to 11.36%. On the 18th day after sowing, the SMC was 4.21% to 7.75% higher for the biomimetic press rollers compared to the CPR when the packing force was 700 N. This study can provide a reference for the biomimetic design, material, and force selection of press rollers. Keywords: Biomimetics, Compaction characteristics, Enamel coating, Press roller, UHMWPE.
The positive connection between dark triad traits and leadership levels in self- and other-ratings
Authors: Diller Sandra J. , Czibor Andrea , Szabó Zsolt Péter , Restás Péter , Jonas Eva , Frey Dieter 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPeople with high dark triad tendencies are often found in leadership positions. Yet research is lacking on whether dark triad personality traits positively correlate with the height of leadership levels (no leadership position, low-level leaders, high-level leaders, head and founder of the company). To explore this relationship between the dark triad and these leadership levels, three studies (NGermany = 137; NHungary = 333; NBothCountries = 355) were conducted, to measure dark triad scores for each leadership level. The results reveal that people in higher leadership levels display both higher self-rated and subordinate-rated dark triad scores. Further research is needed to investigate whether this finding is replicable for more objective measures and longitudinal studies as well as cultural norms, which may discourage or support dark triad traits. As the organizations are an important factor in promoting ethic-oriented behavior in individuals, one practical implication could be increased focus on developing ethical behavior during the assessment and training of leadership positions.
Immunosuppression and COVID-19 infection in British Columbia: Protocol for a linkage study of population-based administrative and self-reported survey data
Authors: Avina-Galindo Ana Michelle , Fazal Zahra A. , Marozoff Shelby , Kwan Jessie , Lu Na , Hoens Alison M. , Kopec Jacek , Lacaille Diane , Xie Hui , Loree Jonathan M. , Avina-Zubieta J. Antonio ,   on behalf of the SCOUT team
Published: November 2021

Introduction
Cases of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continue to spread around the world even one year after the declaration of a global pandemic. Those with weakened immune systems, due to immunosuppressive medications or disease, may be at higher risk of COVID-19. This includes individuals with autoimmune diseases, cancer, transplants, and dialysis patients. Assessing the risk and outcomes of COVID-19 in this population has been challenging. While administrative databases provide data with minimal selection and recall bias, clinical and behavioral data is lacking. To address this, we are collecting self-reported survey data from a randomly selected subsample with and without COVID-19, which will be linked to administrative health data, to better quantify the risk of COVID-19 infection associated with immunosuppression.

Methods and analysis
Using administrative and laboratory data from British Columbia (BC), Canada, we established a population-based case-control study of all individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Each case was matched to 40 randomly selected individuals from two control groups: individuals who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 (i.e., negative controls) and untested individuals from the general population (i.e., untested controls). We will contact 1000 individuals from each group to complete a survey co-designed with patient partners. A conditional logistic regression model will adjust for potential confounders and effect modifiers. We will examine the odds of COVID-19 infection according to immunosuppressive medication or disease type. To adjust for relevant confounders and effect modifiers not available in administrative data, the survey will include questions on behavioural variables that influence probability of being tested, acquiring COVID-19, and experiencing severe outcomes.

Ethics and dissemination
This study has received approval from the University of British Columbia Clinical Research Ethics Board [H20-01914]. Findings will be disseminated through scientific conferences, open access peer-reviewed journals, COVID-19 research repositories and dissemination channels used by our patient partners.
Healthcare providers’ perceived support from their organization is associated with lower burnout and anxiety amid the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Reitz Katherine M. , Terhorst Lauren , Smith Clair N. , Campwala Insiyah K. , Owoc Maryanna S. , Downs-Canner Stephanie M. , Diego Emilia J. , Switzer Galen E. , Rosengart Matthew R. , Myers Sara P. 
Published: November 2021

Background
Professional burnout represents a significant threat to the American healthcare system. Organizational and individual factors may increase healthcare providers’ susceptibility or resistance to burnout. We hypothesized that during the COVID-19 pandemic, 1) higher levels of perceived organizational support (POS) are associated with lower risk for burnout and anxiety, and 2) anxiety mediates the association between POS and burnout.

Methods
In this longitudinal prospective study, we surveyed healthcare providers employed full-time at a large, multihospital healthcare system monthly over 6 months (April to November 2020). Participants were randomized using a 1:1 allocation stratified by provider type, gender, and academic hospital status to receive one of two versions of the survey instrument formulated with different ordering of the measures to minimize response bias due to context effects. The exposure of interest was POS measured using the validated 8-item Survey of POS (SPOS) scale. Primary outcomes of interest were anxiety and risk for burnout as measured by the validated 10-item Burnout scale from the Professional Quality (Pro-QOL) instrument and 4-item Emotional Distress-Anxiety short form of the Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) scale, respectively. Linear mixed models evaluated the associations between POS and both burnout and anxiety. A mediation analysis evaluated whether anxiety mediated the POS-burnout association.

Results
Of the 538 participants recruited, 402 (75%) were included in the primary analysis. 55% of participants were physicians, 73% 25–44 years of age, 73% female, 83% White, and 44% had ≥1 dependent. Higher POS was significantly associated with a lower risk for burnout (-0.23; 95% CI -0.26, -0.21; p<0.001) and lower degree of anxiety (-0.07; 95% CI -0.09, -0.06; p = 0.010). Anxiety mediated the associated between POS and burnout (direct effect -0.17; 95% CI -0.21, -0.13; p<0.001; total effect -0.23; 95% CI -0.28, -0.19; p<0.001).

Conclusion
During a health crisis, increasing the organizational support perceived by healthcare employees may reduce the risk for burnout through a reduction in anxiety. Improving the relationship between healthcare organizations and the individuals they employ may reduce detrimental effects of psychological distress among healthcare providers and ultimately improve patient care.
Factors associated with admission to the intensive care unit and mortality in patients with COVID-19, Colombia
Authors: Machado-Alba Jorge Enrique , Valladales-Restrepo Luis Fernando , Machado-Duque Manuel Enrique , Gaviria-Mendoza Andrés , Sánchez-Ramírez Nicolás , Usma-Valencia Andrés Felipe , Rodríguez-Martínez Esteban , Rengifo-Franco Eliana , Forero-Supelano Víctor Hugo , Gómez-Ramirez Diego Mauricio , Sabogal-Ortiz Alejandra 
Published: November 2021

Introduction
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected millions of people worldwide, and several sociodemographic variables, comorbidities and care variables have been associated with complications and mortality.

Objective
To identify the factors associated with admission to intensive care units (ICUs) and mortality in patients with COVID-19 from 4 clinics in Colombia.

Methods
This was a follow-up study of a cohort of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between March and August 2020. Sociodemographic, clinical (Charlson comorbidity index and NEWS 2 score) and pharmacological variables were identified. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify variables associated with the risk of admission to the ICU and death (p<0.05).

Results
A total of 780 patients were analyzed, with a median age of 57.0 years; 61.2% were male. On admission, 54.9% were classified as severely ill, 65.3% were diagnosed with acute respiratory distress syndrome, 32.4% were admitted to the ICU, and 26.0% died. The factors associated with a greater likelihood of ICU admission were severe pneumonia (OR: 9.86; 95%CI:5.99–16.23), each 1-point increase in the NEWS 2 score (OR:1.09; 95%CI:1.002–1.19), history of ischemic heart disease (OR:3.24; 95%CI:1.16–9.00), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR:2.07; 95%CI:1.09–3.90). The risk of dying increased in those older than 65 years (OR:3.08; 95%CI:1.66–5.71), in patients with acute renal failure (OR:6.96; 95%CI:4.41–11.78), admitted to the ICU (OR:6.31; 95%CI:3.63–10.95), and for each 1-point increase in the Charlson comorbidity index (OR:1.16; 95%CI:1.002–1.35).

Conclusions
Factors related to increasing the probability of requiring ICU care or dying in patients with COVID-19 were identified, facilitating the development of anticipatory intervention measures that favor comprehensive care and improve patient prognosis.
Deleterious neurological impact of diagnostic delay in immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Renaud Arthur , Caristan Aurélie , Seguin Amélie , Agard Christian , Blonz Gauthier , Canet Emmanuel , Eveillard Marion , Godmer Pascal , Graveleau Julie , Lecouffe-Desprets Marie , Maisonneuve Hervé , Perrin François , Hamidou Mohamed , Néel Antoine 
Published: November 2021

Background
Immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is a rare life-threatening thrombotic microangiopathy requiring urgent therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE). However, the exact impact of a slight delay in TPE initiation on the subsequent patients’ outcome is still controversial.

Aim
We aimed to study the frequency, short-term neurological consequences, and determinants of diagnostic delay in iTTP.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective monocentric study including patients with a first acute episode of iTTP (2005–2020) classified into 2 groups: delayed (>24h from first hospital visit, group 1) and immediate diagnosis (≤24h, group 2).

Results
Among 42 evaluated patients, 38 were included. Eighteen cases (47%) had a delayed diagnosis (median: 5 days). The main misdiagnosis was immune thrombocytopenia (67%). The mortality rate was 5% (1 death in each group). Neurological events (stroke/TIA, seizure, altered mental status) occurred in 67% vs 30% patients in group 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.04). Two patients in group 1 exhibited neurological sequelae. The hospital length of stay was longer in group 1 (p = 0.02). At the first hospital evaluation, potential alternative causes of thrombocytopenia were more prevalent in group 1 (33% vs 5%, p = 0.04). Anemia was less frequent in group 1 (67% vs 95%, p = 0.04). All patients had undetectable haptoglobin levels. By contrast, 26% of schistocytes counts were <1%, mostly in group 1 (62% vs 11%, p = 0.01).

Conclusion
Diagnostic delay is highly prevalent in iTTP, with a significant impact on short-term neurological outcome. In patients with profound thrombocytopenia, the thorough search for signs of incipient organ dysfunction, systematic hemolysis workup, and proper interpretation of schistocytes count are the key elements of early diagnosis of TTP.