bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-smooth atomic decomposition of variable 2-microlocal Besov-type and Triebel–Lizorkin-type spaces
Authors: Gonçalves Helena F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper we provide non-smooth atomic decompositions of 2-microlocal Besov-type and Triebel–Lizorkin-type spaces with variable exponents $$B^{\varvec{w}, \phi }_{p(\cdot ),q(\cdot )}({\mathbb {R}}^n)$$

B

p
(
·
)
,
q
(
·
)

w

,
ϕ

(

R

n

)

and $$F^{\varvec{w}, \phi }_{p(\cdot ),q(\cdot )}({\mathbb {R}}^n)$$

F

p
(
·
)
,
q
(
·
)

w

,
ϕ

(

R

n

)

. Of big importance in general, and an essential tool here, are the characterizations of the spaces via maximal functions and local means, that we also present. These spaces were recently introduced by Wu et al. and cover not only variable 2-microlocal Besov and Triebel–Lizorkin spaces $$B^{\varvec{w}}_{p(\cdot ),q(\cdot )}({\mathbb {R}}^n)$$

B

p
(
·
)
,
q
(
·
)

w

(

R

n

)

and $$F^{\varvec{w}}_{p(\cdot ),q(\cdot )}({\mathbb {R}}^n)$$

F

p
(
·
)
,
q
(
·
)

w

(

R

n

)

, but also the more classical smoothness Morrey spaces $$B^{s, \tau }_{p,q}({\mathbb {R}}^n)$$

B

p
,
q

s
,
τ

(

R

n

)

and $$F^{s,\tau }_{p,q}({\mathbb {R}}^n)$$

F

p
,
q

s
,
τ

(

R

n

)

. Afterwards, we state a pointwise multipliers assertion for this scale.
Trade‐offs between male fertility reduction and selected growth factors or the klotho response in a lipopolysaccharide-dependent mouse model
Authors: Solek Przemyslaw , Mytych Jennifer , Sujkowska Ewelina , Grzegorczyk Magdalena , Jasiewicz Patrycja , Sowa-Kucma Magdalena , Stachowicz Katarzyna , Koziorowski Marek , Tabecka-Lonczynska Anna 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe increasing number of depression cases leads to a greater need for new antidepressant treatment development. It is postulated that antidepressants may harm male fertility, but the cellular mechanism is still poorly understood. The role of growth factors and klotho protein in maintaining normal male reproductive function is well documented. Hence, the study aimed to investigate the effect of the antidepressant drug – imipramine (tricyclic AD), and other substances with antidepressant potential (ALS), administered in combination or in combination with LPS (an animal model of depression) on gene expression and protein synthesis of IGF-2 (insulin-like growth factor 2), TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor β1), NGF (nerve growth factor), KGF (keratinocyte growth factor) and protein synthesis of VEGF-A (vascular endothelial growth factor A), IGF-IR (insulin-like growth factor receptor 1), EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) and klotho in the testis of mice. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with selected ALS and LPS or 10% DMSO (controls) (n = 7/group) once a day for 14 days. Animals were decapitated and testes collected for RNA and protein purification. PCR and western blot methods were employed for the evaluation of growth factors and klotho expression. The results obtained indicated a decreased level of most of the analyzed genes and proteins, except KGF; its expression increased after treatment with MTEP and IMI administrated individually and after NS-398, and IMI in combination with LPS. Our results may suggest that the tested ALS and LPS can contribute to a reduction of male fertility, but NS-398, IMI, and IMI+NS-398 may also act as stimulants after LPS.
The Importance of Minimally Invasive Remote Sensing Methods in Huron-Wendat Archaeology
Authors: Warrick Gary , Glencross Bonnie , Lesage Louis 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Huron-Wendat have had their ancestors’ villages and burial sites investigated archaeologically for over 170 years. Past and ongoing land disturbance and invasive archaeological excavation have erased dozens of Huron-Wendat village sites in Ontario, hindering Huron-Wendat duty to care for their ancestors. Consequently, over the last 20 years, in addition to large-scale repatriation of ancestral remains, the Huron-Wendat have requested that archaeologists make every effort to avoid any further excavation of ancestral sites. This poses a new challenge for archaeologists about how to learn about the Huron-Wendat past with minimal disturbance to ancestral sites. Honoring the cultural responsibilities of the Huron-Wendat, the authors have employed minimally invasive remote sensing methods of investigation on Ahatsistari, a forested early seventeenth-century Huron-Wendat village site in Simcoe County, Ontario. Remote sensing methods (e.g., magnetic susceptibility survey, high-resolution soil chemistry sampling, and metal detector survey) have revealed village limits and the possible location and orientation of longhouses, providing essential information in support of the Huron-Wendat imperative to find, assess, and preserve as many of their archaeological sites as possible. This is to protect the ancestors, learn from the ancestors, and preserve ancestral sites and related landscapes for future generations.
Efficacy of relatively low-cost ultraviolet-C light devices against Candida auris
Authors: Pearlmutter Basya S. , Haq Muhammed F. , Cadnum Jennifer L. , Jencson Annette L. , Carlisle Matthew , Donskey Curtis J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground:Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light devices could be useful to reduce environmental contamination with Candida auris. However, variable susceptibility of C. auris strains to UV-C has been reported, and the high cost of many devices limits their use in resource-limited settings.Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of relatively low-cost (<$15,000 purchase price) UV-C devices against C. auris strains from the 4 major phylogenetic clades.Methods:A modification of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard quantitative disk carrier test method (ASTM E 2197) was used to examine and compare the effectiveness of UV-C devices against C. auris, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and bacteriophage Phi6. Reductions of 3 log10 were considered effective. UV-C irradiance measurements and colorimetric indicators were used to assess UV-C output.Results:Of 8 relatively low-cost UV-C devices, 6 met the criteria for effective decontamination of C. auris isolates from clades I and II, MRSA, and bacteriophage Phi6, including 3 room decontamination devices and 3 UV-C box devices. Candida auris isolates from clades III and IV were less susceptible to UV-C than clade I and II isolates; 1 relatively low-cost room decontamination device and 2 enclosed box devices met the criteria for effective decontamination of clade III and IV isolates. UV-C irradiance measurements and colorimetric indicator results were consistent with microorganism reductions.Conclusions:Some relatively low-cost UV-C light technologies are effective against C. auris, including isolates from clades III and IV with reduced UV-C susceptibility. Studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of UV-C devices in clinical settings.
“Under ye Lash of ye Law”: The State and the Law in the Post-Culloden Scottish Highlands
Authors: Dziennik Matthew P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the aftermath of the Jacobite rebellion of 1745, the British state enacted a series of restrictive legal measures designed to pacify the Scottish Highlands and crush the military power of the Gael. With the evolution of scholarly work on the British state, these measures are increasingly seen through the prism of state power, with the Scottish Gàidhealtachd cast as the victim of a fiscal-military system determined to impose obedience on its territory and peoples. In analyzing the implementation and enforcement of the laws passed between 1746 and 1752, this article challenges this narrative. By focusing attention on the legal system—particularly with regards enforcement—this article considers the local reception of the laws and the ideological, legal, and bureaucratic limitations to state authority. Yet it also explores how clan chiefs and traditional elites, who were the primary target of the legislation, quickly turned the laws to their own advantage. This analysis challenges the idea of effective state intervention in the Gàidhealtachd after 1746 and instead brings attention to how parliamentary legislation was mobilized by regional actors to local ends in ways that cast a long shadow over the history of the Scottish Highlands.
Untying Knots: A New Interpretation of Irenaeus, Adversus haereses 3.22.4
Authors: Guignard Christophe 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAdversus haereses 3.22.4 is one of the key texts for Irenaeus’ views about the virgin Mary’s role in the “economy” of salvation. Among the many interpretative riddles of this passage, this paper discusses the function of the metaphor of the knots in Irenaeus’ argument. A close analysis suggests that the lines in question are not the conclusion of the preceding section (as implied by the Latin version—and modern interpreters), but the opening of a concluding development that sums up the role of the New Adam and the New Eve. As a result, the metaphor of knots should not be understood in exclusive connection with Mary: it applies to both Christ and her— though it is particularly fitting for expressing Mary’s role as New (and Anti-) Eve.
“Gathering the Dispersed of Israel”: The Evolution of a Kabbalistic Prayer Addendum for Tiqqun Qeri
Authors: Koch Patrick Benjamin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article traces the evolution of a kabbalistic prayer supplication that was designed to purify male Jews from pollution caused by improper seminal emission. In doing so, it focuses on the metaphysical rationale behind it, its function, and its metamorphosis from a highly technical practice into a mainstream devotional practice. It addresses how notions of sexual pollution (qeri) were contextualized in Lurianic Kabbalah and how they were later embedded in kabbalistic manuals and prayer books. Furthermore, the article examines Jewish-Christian and inner- Jewish debates that emerged in connection with the effects of spilling semen in vain. Special attention is paid to possible social factors that may have impacted the increased anxiety about male bodily fluids and “misguided” desires. In addition to the available research on the theological and general historical background of the prohibition of wasting seed, the following analysis offers a microhistory of this short yet highly influential text.
Boston in New England, Intoxicant Town
Authors: Peterson Mark 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article explores the relationship between a distinctive early modern city, Boston, Massachusetts, and the dramatic expansion of the production and consumption of intoxicants in the emergent Atlantic world. In particular, it attempts to draw together two strands of Boston's history seldom considered together: its origins as an aspirational settlement of English puritans aiming to build a godly city, and the deep involvement of its merchants and consumers in the overseas trade in intoxicants – tobacco, sugar, rum, wine, coffee, tea, chocolate, and others. By considering the cultures of consumption associated with godliness alongside other clusters of consumption in which intoxicants also played a part, it attempts to open new avenues for thinking about the many ways in which new forms and objects of desire transformed the economy and material culture of early modernity.
Radiographic appearance of extracorporeal membrane oxygenations versus left ventricular assist device
Authors: Mackie Phillip M , Peek Giles J , Jacobs Jeffrey P , Bleiweis Mark S 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChest radiography compares left ventricular decompression in the same patient supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with atrial septal fenestration and subsequently supported with left ventricular assist device with apical cannulation.
Impact of FDG-PET/CT on restaging and response evaluation of locally advanced head and neck cancer patient management
Authors: Moneim Rabab A , Habib Emmad , Nagi Radfan , Yasser M , Aldaly Moustafa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground:Head and neck cancer (HNC) accounts for 5% of all new cancer cases and most were locally advanced. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in radiotherapy practice in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is being used in staging and proper contouring. Proper staging is essential for accurate treatment decision.Methods:This is a prospective phase II study conducted as a single institute centre to evaluate the role of PET/CT-treatment in staging, contouring and response evaluation of 30 patients with locally advanced HNSCC in contrast to CT scan. Our cases did not undergo radical surgery for the primary tumour, and biopsy was taken with PET/CT post-treatment to evaluate response.Results:Median age of patients was 49·4 years (minimum age of 32 years and maximum of 68 years). Males were predominant 22 (73·3%). Nasopharynx was the predominant site 16/30 (53·3%). PET/CT changed the overall staging in 40% of the patients (upstaged in 36·7% and downstaged in 3·3%). Gross tumour volume (GTV) of PET/CT was smaller in 23 patients (76·7%) and larger in 5 (16·7%) than the GTV of conventional CT, whereas GTV of lymph nodes of PET/CT was larger in 20 patients (67·7%) and smaller in 4 (13·3%). PET/CT study detected bone metastasis in two nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients and two cases of 2nd primary tumours which were not detected using conventional CT. The Cox-regression model showed that the median standardised uptake volume (SUV) of the initial tumour had been a dependent predictor of death in patients with HNSCC (p-value = 0·033) where the risk of death was 0·725 times among patients with high SUV of the initial tumour. Consequently, the size of GTV of the tumour was significant in the prediction of death (p = 0·018).Conclusions:18F-FDG-PET/CT is useful for staging, radiotherapy delineation as well as aiding proper decision making, in addition to assessment of treatment response in HNSCC patients.
Improvising with Peter
Authors: Ramshaw Sara 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhen listening to a recently rediscovered home cassette recording of South African musician and activist Hugh Masekela, which was a gift from the late legal theorist Peter Fitzpatrick in 2004, unleashed are a series of recollections and reflections on the distinctiveness and significance of Fitzpatrick's scholarship, especially in relation to the emerging field of critical legal studies in improvisation. This short piece recalls Peter's boundless wisdom, kindness and generosity, and the lasting impact that his thought and texts have had on his students, colleagues and readers the world over.
Radar‐Sounding Characterization of the Subglacial Groundwater Table Beneath Hiawatha Glacier, Greenland
Authors: Bessette Jonathan T. , Schroeder Dustin M. , Jordan Thomas M. , MacGregor Joseph A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRadar‐sounding surveys associated with the discovery of a large impact crater beneath Hiawatha Glacier, Greenland, revealed bright, flat subglacial reflections hypothesized to originate from a subglacial groundwater table. We test this hypothesis using radiometric and hydrologic analysis of those radar data. The dielectric loss between the reflection from the top of the basal layer and subglacial reflection and their reflectivity difference represent dual constraints upon the complex permittivity of the basal material. Either ice‐cemented debris or fractured, well‐drained bedrock explain the basal layer's radiometric properties. The subglacial reflector's geometry is parallel to isopotential hydraulic head contours, located 7.5–15.3 m below the interface, and 11 ± 7 dB brighter than the ice–basal layer reflection. We conclude that this subglacial reflection is a groundwater table and that its detection was enabled by the wide bandwidth of the radar system and unusual geologic setting, suggesting a path for future direct radar detection of subglacial groundwater elsewhere.
Seasonal Forecasting Skill of Sea‐Level Anomalies in a Multi‐Model Prediction Framework
Authors: Long Xiaoyu , Widlansky Matthew J. , Spillman Claire M. , Kumar Arun , Balmaseda Magdalena , Thompson Philip R. , Chikamoto Yoshimitsu , Smith Grant A. , Huang Bohua , Shin Chul‐Su , Merrifield Mark A. , Sweet William V. , Leuliette Eric , Annamalai H. S. , Marra John J. , Mitchum Gary 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCoastal high water level events are increasing in frequency and severity as global sea‐levels rise, and are exposing coastlines to risks of flooding. Yet, operational seasonal forecasts of sea‐level anomalies are not made for most coastal regions. Advancements in forecasting climate variability using coupled ocean‐atmosphere global models provide the opportunity to predict the likelihood of future high water events several months in advance. However, the skill of these models to forecast seasonal sea‐level anomalies has not been fully assessed, especially in a multi‐model framework. Here, we construct a 10‐model ensemble of retrospective forecasts with future lead times of up to 11 months. We compare predicted sea levels from bias‐corrected forecasts with 20 years of observations from satellite‐based altimetry and shore‐based tide gauges. Forecast skill, as measured by anomaly correlation, tends to be highest in the tropical and subtropical open oceans, whereas the skill is lower in the higher latitudes and along some continental coasts. For most locations, multi‐model averaging produces forecast skill that is comparable to or better than the best performing individual model. We find that the most skillful predictions typically come from forecast systems with more accurate initializations of sea level, which is generally achieved by assimilating altimetry data. Having relatively higher horizontal resolution in the ocean is also beneficial, as such models seem to better capture dynamical processes necessary for successful forecasts. The multi‐model assessment suggests that skillful seasonal sea‐level forecasts are possible in many, though not all, parts of the global ocean.
The Arctic Polar Vortex Response to Volcanic Forcing of Different Strengths
Authors: Azoulay Alon , Schmidt Hauke , Timmreck Claudia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTropical volcanic eruptions injecting sulfur into the stratosphere are assumed to not only scatter radiation and cool Earth's surface but also alter atmospheric circulation and in particular to strengthen the stratospheric polar vortex in boreal winter. The exact impact is difficult to estimate because of the small number of well observed eruptions and the high internal variability of the vortex. We use large (100‐member) ensembles of simulations with an Earth system model for idealized volcanic aerosol distributions resulting from sulfur injections between 2.5 and 20 Tg. We suggest the existence of a threshold somewhere between 2.5 and 5 Tg(S) below which the vortex does not show a detectable response to the injection. This nonlinearity is introduced partly through the infrared aerosol optical density which increases much stronger than linear with increasing particle size occurring for increasing injection amount. Additionally, the dynamical mechanism causing the vortex strengthening seems not to set in for small aerosol loading. Furthermore, we add to the recent discussion concerning a possible downward propagation of the circulation response leading to a winter warming in Northern Eurasia. At latitudes northward of about 50°N, our simulations do show such an average warming pattern that is statistically significant for injections of 10 Tg(S) or more.
Separating Long‐Term and Short‐Term Mass Changes of Antarctic Ice Drainage Basins: A Coupled State Space Analysis of Satellite Observations and Model Products
Authors: Willen M. O. , Broerse T. , Groh A. , Wouters B. , Kuipers Munneke P. , Horwath M. , van den Broeke M. R. , Schröder L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSatellite gravimetry and altimetry measurements record gravity and elevation changes, respectively, which are useful for determining mass and volume change of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Common methods employ products from regional climate modeling and firn modeling to aid interpretation and to link volume changes to mass changes. Estimating deterministic parameters over defined time periods is a conventional way to evaluate those changes. To overcome limitations of deterministic analyses with respect to time‐variable signals, we have developed a state‐space model framework. Therein, we jointly evaluate four mass and volume data sets by coupling of temporal signal variations. We identify long‐term signals of ice drainage basins that are observed by the satellite gravimetry mission GRACE and several satellite altimetry missions from April 2002 until August 2016. The degree to which we can separate long‐term and short‐term variations strongly depends on the similarity of the mass and volume change time series. For the drainage system of the Pine Island Glacier (West Antarctica), our results show noticeable variations of the long‐term trend with an acceleration of the contribution of ice dynamics to the mass balance from −11 ± 8 to −58 ± 8 Gt a−1. Our results in Dronning Maud Land (East Antarctica) show a positive long‐term contribution to the mass balance at almost a constant rate. The presented approach can fit time‐variable changes without artificial selection of periods of interest. Furthermore, because we only enforce common long‐term time variations between mass and volume data, differences in mean trend rates help to uncover model discrepancies.
Two Stages of Accelerated Exhumation in the Middle Reach of the Yarlung River, Southern Tibet Since the Mid‐Miocene
Authors: Dai Jin‐Gen , Fox Matthew , Han Xu , Tremblay Marissa M. , Xu Shi‐Ying , Shuster David L. , Liu Bo‐Rong , Zhang Jiawei , Wang Cheng‐Shan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractClimate change and tectonic activity through erosion control Earth’s topography, much of which is shaped by river incision. The Yarlung River has dissected the Indian‐Asian Collision Zone, and is one of the Earth’s largest rivers. However, its erosion rate history and how it interacts with regional tectonics remain ambiguous. Here, we apply low‐temperature thermochronometry and thermal‐kinematic models for bedrock samples from the Yarlung River. Our analysis reveals two stages of relatively fast exhumation occurred in different parts of the middle reach of the Yarlung River followed by remarkedly slow exhumation rate. First, a mid‐Miocene period (15–9 Ma) of rapid exhumation occurred along much of the Yarlung River, including within wide portions of the valley and its tributaries. This period of rapid exhumation coincides with the stage of high precipitation rates recorded in the Asian marginal basins and the timing of the east‐west extensional faults. In combination with extensional faults, the enhanced precipitation due to the onset of Asian monsoon would increase river discharge and thus accelerate mid‐Miocene exhumation rates. Second, a Pliocene‐Pleistocene (5–2 Ma) period of accelerated exhumation limited to gorges occurred in response to north‐south normal faulting, implying local tectonics as a first‐order control. Our results highlight roles of climatic and tectonic processes in shaping fluvial topography and how these change with time.