bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methodology of Experiment to Investigate Connection Between Hydraulic Fractures and Vugs in Fracture–Vug Carbonate Formations
Authors: Zhou Z. , Wang W. , Xu T. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Fracture–vug carbonate formations are significant oil and gas reservoirs in China, Middle East, and North America. During development, it is required to connect between hydraulic fracture and as many vugs as possible which are the main geological component to store oil and gas. This paper introduces an advanced experimental methodology to directly observe the connection of hydraulic fractures with vugs. It studies the factors that could affect that connection. The work was based on geological information of the Tarim basin, which is the largest fracture–vug carbonate formation in China. According to the experiment, under higher horizontal stress difference more vugs could be connected. In addition, higher fracture density could improve the connection. This methodology could be used in the future study for the fracture–vug carbonate formation. In addition, the experimental result could be used to design and evaluate hydraulic fracturing works.
First record of egg sac predation of the fly Pseudogaurax cingulatus Sabrosky (Diptera, Chloropidae) upon spider Tetragnatha sp. (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) in northern Brazil
Authors: Riccardi Paula Raile , Pádua Diego Galvão de 
Published: January 2021

Pseudogaurax Malloch is a worldwide genus of Chloropidae with 33 species in the Neotropical region and 12 occurring in Brazil. The genus is well-known for the feeding habits of its larvae which attack egg masses and larvae of several arthropods, usually breeding in the egg sacs of spiders. In this study, we expanded the distribution of P. cingulatus to northern Brazil and recorded for the first time the species preying on Tetragnatha egg sacs. In addition, diagnosis, digital images and a distribution map are provided.
Parent and Physician Understanding of Prognosis in Hospitalized Children With Advanced Heart Disease
Authors: Morell Emily , Miller Mary Katherine , Lu Minmin , Friedman Kevin G. , Breitbart Roger E. , Reichman Jeffrey R. , McDermott Julie , Sleeper Lynn A. , Blume Elizabeth D. 
Published: January 2021

Background
The unpredictable trajectory of pediatric advanced heart disease makes prognostication difficult for physicians and informed decision‐making challenging for families. This study evaluated parent and physician understanding of disease burden and prognosis in hospitalized children with advanced heart disease.

Methods and Results

A longitudinal survey study of parents and physicians caring for patients with advanced heart disease age 30 days to 19 years admitted for ≥7 days was performed over a 1‐year period (n=160 pairs). Percentage agreement and weighted kappa statistics were used to assess agreement. Median patient age was 1 year (interquartile range, 1–5), 39% had single‐ventricle lesions, and 37% were in the cardiac intensive care unit. Although 92% of parents reported understanding their child's prognosis “extremely well” or “well,” 28% of physicians thought parents understood the prognosis only “a little,” “somewhat,” or “not at all.” Better parent‐reported prognostic understanding was associated with greater preparedness for their child's medical problems (odds ratio, 4.7; 95% CI, 1.4–21.7,
P
=0.02). There was poor parent–physician agreement in assessing functional class, symptom burden, and likelihood of limitations in physical activity and learning/behavior; on average, parents were more optimistic. Many parents (47%) but few physicians (6%) expected the child to have normal life expectancy.

Conclusions
Parents and physicians caring for children with advanced heart disease differed in their perspectives regarding prognosis and disease burden. Physicians tended to underestimate the degree of parent‐reported symptom burden. Parents were less likely to expect limitations in physical activity, learning/behavior, and life expectancy. Combined interventions involving patient‐reported outcomes, parent education, and physician communication tools may be beneficial.
Evaluation of the Tail of the Probability Distribution of Daily and Subdaily Precipitation in CMIP6 Models
Authors: Norris Jesse , Hall Alex , Neelin J. David , Thackeray Chad W. , Chen Di 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDaily and subdaily precipitation extremes in historical phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) simulations are evaluated against satellite-based observational estimates. Extremes are defined as the precipitation amount exceeded everyxyears, ranging from 0.01 to 10, encompassing the rarest events that are detectable in the observational record without noisy results. With increasing temporal resolution there is an increased discrepancy between models and observations: for daily extremes, the multimodel median underestimates the highest percentiles by about a third, and for 3-hourly extremes by about 75% in the tropics. The novelty of the current study is that, to understand the model spread, we evaluate the 3D structure of the atmosphere when extremes occur. In midlatitudes, where extremes are simulated predominantly explicitly, the intuitive relationship exists whereby higher-resolution models produce larger extremes (r= −0.49), via greater vertical velocity. In the tropics, the convective fraction (the fraction of precipitation simulated directly from the convective scheme) is more relevant. For models below 60% convective fraction, precipitation amount decreases with convective fraction (r= −0.63), but above 75% convective fraction, this relationship breaks down. In the lower-convective-fraction models, there is more moisture in the lower troposphere, closer to saturation. In the higher-convective-fraction models, there is deeper convection and higher cloud tops, which appears to be more physical. Thus, the low-convective models are mostly closer to the observations of extreme precipitation in the tropics, but likely for the wrong reasons. These intermodel differences in the environment in which extremes are simulated hold clues into how parameterizations could be modified in general circulation models to produce more credible twenty-first-century projections.
Changes in TOA SW Fluxes over Marine Clouds When Estimated via Semiphysical Angular Distribution Models
Authors: Tornow F. , Domenech C. , Cole J. N. S. , Madenach N. , Fischer J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTop-of-atmosphere (TOA) shortwave (SW) angular distribution models (ADMs) approximate—per angular direction of an imagined upward hemisphere—the intensity of sunlight scattered back from a specific Earth–atmosphere scene. ADMs are, thus, critical when converting satellite-borne broadband radiometry into estimated radiative fluxes. This paper applies a set of newly developed ADMs with a more refined scene definition and demonstrates tenable changes in estimated fluxes compared to currently operational ADMs. Newly developed ADMs use a semiphysical framework to consider cloud-top effective radius () and above-cloud water vapor (ACWV), in addition to accounting for surface wind speed and clouds’ phase, fraction, and optical depth. In effect, instantaneous TOA SW fluxes for marine liquid-phase clouds had the largest flux differences (of up to 25 W m−2) for lower solar zenith angles and cloud optical depth greater than 10 due to extremes in or ACWV. In regions where clouds had persistently extreme levels of (here mostly for and ) or ACWV, instantaneous fluxes estimated from Aqua, Terra, Meteosat-8, and Meteosat-9 satellites using the two ADMs differed systematically, resulting in significant deviations in daily mean fluxes (up to ±10 W m−2) and monthly mean fluxes (up to ±5 W m−2). Flux estimates using newly developed, semiphysical ADMs may contribute to a better understanding of solar fluxes over low-level clouds. It remains to be seen whether aerosol indirect effects are impacted by these updates.
A Revised Bourgouin Precipitation-Type Algorithm
Authors: Birk Kevin , Lenning Eric , Donofrio Kevin , Friedlein Matthew T. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUsing vertical temperature profiles obtained from upper-air observations or numerical weather prediction models, the Bourgouin technique calculates areas of positive melting energy and negative refreezing energy for determining precipitation type. Energies are proportional to the product of the mean temperature of a layer and its depth. Layers warmer than 0°C consist of positive energy; those colder than 0°C consist of negative energy. Sufficient melting or freezing energy in a layer can produce a phase change in a falling hydrometeor. The Bourgouin technique utilizes these energies to determine the likelihood of rain (RA) versus snow (SN) given a surface-based melting layer and ice pellets (PL) versus freezing rain (FZRA) or RA given an elevated melting layer. The Bourgouin approach was developed from a relatively small dataset but has been widely utilized by operational forecasters and in postprocessing of NWP output. Recent analysis with a larger dataset suggests ways to improve the original technique, especially when discriminating PL from FZRA or RA. This and several other issues are addressed by a modified version of the Bourgouin technique described in this article. Additional enhancements include use of the wet-bulb profile rather than temperature, a check for heterogeneous ice nucleation, and output that includes probabilities of four different weather types (RA, SN, FZRA, PL) rather than the single most likely type. Together these revisions result in improved performance and provide a more viable and valuable tool for precipitation-type forecasts. Several National Weather Service forecast offices have successfully utilized the revised tool in recent winters.
Transmastoid Hydroxyapatite Resurfacing for Sigmoid Sinus Wall Anomalies Causing Pulsatile Tinnitus
Authors: Newberry Ian , Highland Julie , DeTorres Alvin , Gurgel Richard 
Published: January 2021

Objective: Comprising 4% of tinnitus, pulsatile tinnitus (PT) can be particularly difficult for affected patients as well as surgeons looking to address their symptoms. Often the cause is not identified but can be secondary to turbulent flow in or near the sigmoid sinus, particularly if there is an identifiable sigmoid sinus dehiscence (SSDe) and/or diverticulum (SSDi). These sigmoid sinus wall anomalies (SSWA) may be treated with transmastoid sigmoid sinus resurfacing; however, this intervention remains relatively novel and its technique, materials used, resolution success, and complications need to be continuously reviewed. Methods: A retrospective case series of patients with PT due to SSWA at a tertiary referral center was reviewed. A total of 6 patients (7 ears) treated by transmastoid resurfacing using hydroxyapatite (HA) were retrospectively assessed. Pre-operative demographics and symptoms, pre- and post-operative hearing results, and post-operative outcomes were reviewed. Results: All patients were female with an average BMI of 32.9 (±5.4) and a mean age of 45.5 years (±15.3). Mean follow-up was 648 days. Objective tinnitus was noted in all ears with SSDi (100%); however, no objective tinnitus was noted with purely SSDe. In 100% of ears, PT was diminished with ipsilateral jugular compression and was amplified with contralateral head turn. Pre-operative symptoms of PT resolved in all patients, but delayed recurrence (>1 year) occurred in 1 ear (14%). No patient had pre- or post-operative hearing loss. No major complications were encountered. Conclusions: Transmastoid resurfacing for SSWA with HA bone cement is a safe, reliable intervention in properly identified PT patients.
Moving Beyond the Common Law Objection to Structured Proportionality
Authors: Carter Anne 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article examines the claim that the adoption of structured proportionality testing in Australian constitutional review is ill-suited to Australia’s common law tradition. That objection has been stated by some members of the High Court and scholars, though the precise basis of the objection has not been clearly articulated. This article clarifies and evaluates this objection, setting out a number of distinct concerns which emerge from the reasoning of the minority justices. Ultimately, the article argues that the objection has been too starkly cast and that Australia’s common law tradition does not present an insurmountable obstacle to the introduction of proportionality testing in constitutional review.
Inferior vena cava surgical cannulation for infants needing veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Martucci Gennaro , di Francesco Fabrizio , Panarello Giovanna , Piazza Marcello , de Ville de Goyet Jean , Arcadipane Antonio 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Femoral cannulation for veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is challenging in infants because of the diameter of the vein. Case report: Prolonged ECMO support (67 days) was necessary for an 8-month-old (8 kg) girl with acute respiratory distress syndrome that was caused by H1N1 influenza. After 30 days on ECMO support and using a single 16 Fr double-lumen cannula (internal jugular vein), a second cannula was necessary to ensure adequate flow. This second 12 Fr single-lumen cannula was surgically placed through the right common iliac vein. An excellent flow profile was then achieved and ECMO continued successfully for 37 more days. Discussion: As a lifesaving option, this double caval configuration successfully optimized the flow profile and oxygenation, outweighing the related risks. Conclusion: In small children, a surgical approach to the inferior vena cava can be considered safe, especially in those cases where there is a shortage of adequate cannulas, or when central venous access is difficult.
Repeated subcutaneous esketamine for treatment-resistant depression: Impact of the degree of treatment resistance and anxiety comorbidity
Authors: Lucchese Ana C , Sarin Luciana M , Magalhães Eduardo J Muniz , Del Sant Lorena C , B Puertas Camila , Tuena Marco A , Nakahira Carolina , Fava Victor AR , Delfino Rodrigo , Surjan Juliana , Steiglich Matheus S , Barbosa Matheus , Abdo Guilherme , Cohrs Frederico M , Liberatori Aroldo , Del Porto José A , Lacerda Acioly LT , B Andreoli Sergio 
Published: January 2021

Background: A large number of studies indicate that subanesthetic doses of ketamine induce a fast antidepressant effect. Limited studies have investigated the subcutaneous (SC) route, and it remains unclear for whom this treatment is most suitable. Aims: The aim of this study was to examine the effect on depressive symptoms of repeated subanesthetic doses of SC esketamine in unipolar and bipolar treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and clinical predictors of response. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 70 patients who received six SC esketamine doses weekly as an adjunctive treatment was carried out. Doses started at 0.5 mg/kg and it could be titrated up to 1 mg/kg, according to response. The primary outcome was reduction in depressive symptoms. Statistical analysis to investigate clinical predictors of effectiveness included logistic regression analysis using a dependent variable of a 50% reduction in rating scale scores at the end of treatment. Comparisons between groups were made through analysis of variance and treatment effects. Results: At baseline, our sample presented with severe treatment resistance in 65.7%, as assessed by the Maudsley Staging Method (MSM), and 47.1% had anxiety disorder comorbidity. The response rate was 50%. A better outcome was predicted by mild and moderate MSM scores (OR = 3.162, p = 0.041) and anxiety disorder comorbidity (OR = 3.149, p = 0.028). Conclusions: Our results suggest that higher levels of treatment resistance may be associated with a poor response to SC esketamine. Unlike traditional pharmacotherapies, it might benefit those with poor prognosis such as patients with depression and comorbid anxiety. Therefore, future research could investigate whether esketamine should receive a more prominent place in the treatment algorithm for TRD.
Functional, morphological and operative outcome after pyeloplasty in adult patients: Laparoscopic versus open
Authors: Merder Erkan , Arıman Ahmet , Sabuncu Kenan , Altunrende Fatih 
Published: January 2021

Objective: The aim of this study is determine and compare improvement of hydronephrosis, renal function, and operative outcome between laparoscopıc and open pyeloplasty in adults. Material and methods: Sixty-five adult patients with primary ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) underwent pyeloplasty between January 2014 and September 2020. Thirty-four patients had laparoscopıc pyeloplasty (LP), 31 patients had open pyeloplasty (OP). In this retrospective study demographics, differential renal function (DRF), hydronephrosis, anteroposterior diameter of pelvis renalis (APD) and operative outcomes: operation time, blood loss, complications, hospital stay, etiology, analgesic requirement, complications, and success rates were compared between two groups. Results: Improvement of APD is higher in OP group ( p: 0.001). Improvement of DRF ( p: 0.713) and hydronephrosis ( p = 1.000), success ( p: 0.407) and complication rate ( p: 0.661) are comparable between two groups. Median hospital stay, postoperative analgesia requirement and blood loss was less in LP group, mean operative time was shorter in OP group ( p: 0.001). Conclusion: Pain complaints are greatly reduced after pyeloplasty in adult patients but the drainage of kidney, DRF and hydronephrosis does not improve as much as desired. Improvement of APD is better and median operative time is less in OP, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay, and analgesic requirement is less in LP group in our study.
Congenital Mirror Movements Associated With Brain Malformations
Authors: Nissenkorn Andreea , Yosovich Keren , Leibovitz Zvi , Hartman Tamar Gur , Zelcer Itay , Hugirat Mohammad , Lev Dorit , Lerman-Sagie Tally , Blumkin Lubov 
Published: January 2021

Background: Congenital mirror movements are involuntary movements of a side of the body imitating intentional movements on the opposite side, appearing in early childhood and persisting beyond 7 years of age. Congenital mirror movements are usually idiopathic but have been reported in association with various brain malformations. Methods: We describe clinical, genetic, and radiologic features in 9 individuals from 5 families manifesting congenital mirror movements. Results: The brain malformations associated with congenital mirror movements were: dysplastic corpus callosum in father and daughter with a heterozygous p.Met1* mutation in DCC; hypoplastic corpus callosum, dysgyria, and malformed vermis in a mother and son with a heterozygous p.Thr312Met mutation in TUBB3; dysplastic corpus callosum, dysgyria, abnormal vermis, and asymmetric ventricles in a father and 2 daughters with a heterozygous p.Arg121Trp mutation in TUBB; hypoplastic corpus callosum, dysgyria, malformed basal ganglia and abnormal vermis in a patient with a heterozygous p.Glu155Asp mutation in TUBA1A; hydrocephalus, hypoplastic corpus callosum, polymicrogyria, and cerebellar cysts in a patient with a homozygous p.Pro312Leu mutation in POMGNT1. Conclusion: DCC, TUBB3, TUBB, TUBA1A, POMGNT1 cause abnormal axonal guidance via different mechanisms and result in congenital mirror movements associated with brain malformations.
Correlation between Cepheid GeneXpert and Abbott M2000 assays for HIV viral load measurements
Authors: Manavi Kaveh , Hodson James , Masuka Sindiso , Singo Mebie , Dedicoat Katie , Osman Husam 
Published: January 2021

Measurement of HIV viral load (VL) is the best indicator of success of antiretroviral therapy. We investigated the correlation between results by the Cepheid GeneXpert and a standard of care VL assay (Abbott M2000). This was a prospective study of people living with HIV who attended the department for routine VL measurement with the Abbott M2000. Consenting patients agreed to provide one extra blood sample for VL measurement with the Cepheid GeneXpert assay. One hundred patients consented to participate in the study. There were 18 patients with VL ≥ 40 copies/mL and 75 patients with VL < 40 copies on both assays. The two assays had 93% agreement, with a kappa of 0.79 ( p < 0.001). Treating VL as a continuous variable found measurements to be significantly higher on the Cepheid GeneXpert assay than the Abbott ( p = 0.002). Analysis of samples with VL ≥ 40 copies/mL on either assay ( n = 25) found the mean difference between the two assays to be 0.31 log10 copies/mL (95% limits of agreement: −0.63, 1.25). Whilst the measurements on the two assays are relatively highly correlated, there is a clear bias, with the Cepheid GeneXpert tending to give higher VL values.
Dual trajectories of fatigue and disease activity in an inception cohort of adults with systemic lupus erythematosus over 10 years
Authors: Moazzami Mitra , Strand Vibeke , Su Jiandong , Touma Zahi 
Published: January 2021

Objectives Fatigue is one of the most common symptoms reported in patients living with SLE. We aim to: 1) determine if different trajectories of fatigue associate with specific latent classes of disease activity and 2) define the patient characteristics and associated factors in different latent classes. Methods Data from an inception cohort of adult patients from the Toronto Lupus Clinic from 1997-2018 were analyzed. Fatigue levels were measured using Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and disease activity by the Adjusted Mean Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) (AMS). Dual latent class trajectory analysis, for fatigue and AMS, was performed. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses assessed the association of baseline variables with class membership. Results Among 280 patients, 4 dual classes (C) of fatigue and disease activity were identified: C1- lowest disease activity and second highest fatigue trajectory (27%); C2- second highest disease activity and highest fatigue trajectory (30%); C3-moderate disease activity and lowest fatigue trajectory (33%); and C4- highest disease activity and moderate fatigue trajectory (10%). Conclusion 4 distinct latent classes of dual fatigue and disease activity trajectories were identified. Fatigue and disease activity follow distinct trajectories and disease activity alone cannot fully explain fatigue trajectories. Trajectories with higher FSS scores were associated with more fibromyalgia and trajectories with higher disease activity were associated with higher cumulative glucocorticoid use. Higher baseline glucocorticoid use was more likely associated with more fatigue while older age at SLE diagnosis was associated with less fatigue.
Work-from-home during COVID-19: Accounting for the care economy to build back better
Authors: Jenkins Fiona , Smith Julie 
Published: January 2021

In the COVID-19 pandemic, people’s dwellings suddenly became a predominant site of economic activity. We argue that, predictably, policy-makers and employers took the home for granted as a background support of economic life. Acting as if home is a cost-less resource that is free for appropriation in an emergency, ignoring how home functions as a site of gendered relations of care and labour, and assuming home is a largely harmonious site, all shaped the invisibility of the imposition. Taking employee flexibility for granted and presenting work-from-home as a privilege offered by generous employers assumed rapid adaptation. As Australia emerges from lockdown, ‘building back better’ to meet future shocks entails better supporting adaptive capabilities of workers in the care economy, and of homes that have likewise played an unacknowledged role as buffer and shelter for the economy. Investing in infrastructure capable of providing a more equitable basis for future resilience is urgent to reap the benefits that work-from-home offers. This article points to the need for rethinking public investment and infrastructure priorities for economic recovery and reconstruction in the light of a gender perspective on COVID-19 ‘lockdown’ experience. JEL Codes: E01, E22, J24