bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research Note: Simple formulas for pseudo‐position for electrical resistivity and IP in vertical boreholes based on mean positions of the sensitivity
Authors: Butler S.L. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTThe electrical conductivity method in boreholes has been applied for exploration as well as engineering and environmental investigations. The simplest deployment involves placing electrodes at varying heights within a single borehole. Borehole surveys differ from surface surveys using colinear arrays in that the ground surface is in the line of the electrodes and so it influences the measured potential in the ground differently. Multiple electrodes can be deployed on a single multichannel cable resulting in measurements from non‐standard array configurations. The choice of the plot point for pseudo‐sections can be difficult for these non‐standard arrays. The mean of the sensitivity function of a constant resistivity half space has been shown to yield simple and useful formulas for pseudo‐positions for four electrode surface arrays. In this contribution, I first derive the sensitivity function for electrodes in a vertical borehole and then calculate the vertical and horizontal sensitivity functions. I then derive simple formulas for the vertical and horizontal positions of the mean of the sensitivity function for electrodes in a vertical borehole. Pseudo‐sections for synthetic data are shown to be more easily interpretable than pseudo‐sections plotted using averages of the electrode positions. The simple formulas will be useful for plotting pseudo‐sections for initial data visualization and for survey planning.
Trends and outcomes for deliveries with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy from 2000 to 2018: A repeated cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wen Timothy , Schmidt Christina N. , Sobhani Nasim C. , Guglielminotti Jean , Miller Eliza C. , Sutton Desmond , Lahtermaher Yael , D’Alton Mary E. , Friedman Alexander M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse trends, risk factors, and outcomes related to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP).DesignRepeated cross‐sectional.SettingUS delivery hospitalisations.PopulationDelivery hospitalisations in the 2000–2018 National Inpatient Sample.MethodsUS hospital delivery hospitalisations with HDP were analysed. Several trends were analysed: (i) the proportion of deliveries by year with HDP, (ii) the proportion of deliveries with HDP risk factors and (iii) adverse outcomes associated with HDP including maternal stroke, acute renal failure and acute liver injury. Risk ratios were determined using regression models with HDP as the exposure of interest.Main Outcome MeasuresPrevalence of HDP, risk factors for HDP and associated adverse outcomes.ResultsOf 73.1 million delivery hospitalisations, 7.7% had an associated diagnosis of HDP. Over the study period, HDP doubled from 6.0% of deliveries in 2000 to 12.0% in 2018. The proportion of deliveries with risk factors for HDP increased from 9.6% in 2000 to 24.6% in 2018. In adjusted models, HDP were associated with increased stroke (aRR [adjusted risk ratio] 15.9, 95% CI 14.8–17.1), acute renal failure (aRR 13.8, 95% CI 13.5–14.2) and acute liver injury (aRR 1.2, 95% CI 1.2–1.3). Among deliveries with HDP, acute renal failure and acute liver injury increased; in comparison, stroke decreased.ConclusionHypertensive disorders of pregnancy increased in the setting of risk factors for HDP becoming more common, whereas stroke decreased.Tweetable AbstractWhile hypertensive disorders of pregnancy increased from 2000 to 2018, stroke appears to be decreasing.
Evaluation of the short‐term host response and biomechanics of an absorbable poly‐4‐hydroxybutyrate scaffold in a sheep model following vaginal implantation
Authors: Diedrich Chantal M. , Guler Zeliha , Hympanova Lucie , Vodegel Eva , Zündel Manuel , Mazza Edoardo , Deprest Jan , Roovers Jan Paul 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the host‐ and biomechanical response to a fully absorbable poly‐4‐hydroxybutyrate (P4HB) scaffold in comparison with the response to polypropylene (PP) mesh.DesignIn vivo animal experiment.SettingKU Leuven Center for Surgical Technologies.PopulationFourteen parous female Mule sheep.MethodsP4HB scaffolds were surgically implanted in the posterior vaginal wall of sheep. The comparative PP mesh data were obtained from an identical study protocol performed previously.Main outcome measuresGross necropsy, host response and biomechanical evaluation of explants, and the in vivo P4HB scaffold degradation were evaluated at 60‐ and 180‐days post‐implantation. Data are reported as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or standard error of the mean (SEM).ResultsGross necropsy revealed no implant‐related adverse events using P4HB scaffolds. The tensile stiffness of the P4HB explants increased at 180‐days (12.498 ± 2.66 N/mm SEM [p =0.019]) as compared to 60‐days (4.585 ± 1.57 N/mm) post‐implantation, while P4HB degraded gradually. P4HB scaffolds exhibited excellent tissue integration with dense connective tissue and a moderate initial host response. P4HB scaffolds induced a significantly higher M2/M1 ratio (1.70 ± 0.67 SD, score 0–4), as compared to PP mesh(0.99 ± 0.78 SD, score 0–4) at 180‐days.ConclusionsP4HB scaffold facilitated a gradual load transfer to vaginal tissue over time. The fully absorbable P4HB scaffold, in comparison to PP mesh, has a favorable host response with comparable load‐bearing capacity. If these results are also observed at longer follow‐up in‐vivo, a clinical study using P4HB for vaginal POP surgery may be warranted to demonstrate efficacy.Tweetable AbstractDegradable vaginal P4HB implant might be a solution for treatment of POP.
Quality of life from cytoreductive surgery in advanced ovarian cancer: Investigating the association between disease burden and surgical complexity in the international, prospective, SOCQER‐2 cohort study
Authors: Sundar Sudha , Cummins Carole , Kumar Satyam , Long Joanna , Arora Vivek , Balega Janos , Broadhead Tim , Duncan Tim , Edmondson Richard , Fotopoulou Christina , Glasspool Ros , Kolomainen Desiree , Leeson Simon , Manchanda Ranjit , McNally Orla , Morrison Jo , Mukhopadhyay Asima , Paul Jim , Tidy John , Wood Nick 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate quality of life (QoL) and association with surgical complexity and disease burden after surgical resection for advanced ovarian cancer in centres with variation in surgical approach.DesignProspective multicentre observational study.SettingGynaecological cancer surgery centres in the UK, Kolkata, India, and Melbourne, Australia.SamplePatients undergoing surgical resection (with low, intermediate or high surgical complexity score, SCS) for late‐stage ovarian cancer.Main Outcome MeasuresPrimary: change in global score on the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) core quality‐of‐life questionnaire (QLQ‐C30). Secondary: EORTC ovarian cancer module (OV28), progression‐free survival.ResultsPatients’ preoperative disease burden and SCS varied between centres, confirming differences in surgical ethos. QoL response rates were 90% up to 18 months. Mean change from the pre‐surgical baseline in the EORTC QLQ‐C30 was 3.4 (SD 1.8, n = 88) in the low, 4.0 (SD 2.1, n = 55) in the intermediate and 4.3 (SD 2.1, n = 52) in the high‐SCS group after 6 weeks (p = 0.048), and 4.3 (SD 2.1, n = 51), 5.1 (SD 2.2, n = 41) and 5.1 (SD 2.2, n = 35), respectively, after 12 months (p = 0.133). In a repeated‐measures model, there were no clinically or statistically meaningful differences in EORTC QLQ‐C30 global scores between the three SCS groups (p = 0.840), but there was a small statistically significant improvement in all groups over time (p < 0.001). The high‐SCS group experienced small to moderate decreases in physical (p = 0.004), role (p = 0.016) and emotional (p = 0.001) function at 6 weeks post‐surgery, which resolved by 6–12 months.ConclusionsThe global QoL of patients undergoing low‐, intermediate‐ and high‐SCS surgery improved at 12 months after surgery and was no worse in patients undergoing extensive surgery.Tweetable AbstractCompared with surgery of lower complexity, extensive surgery does not result in poorer quality of life in patients with advanced ovarian cancer.
Gestational weight gain, appetite regulating hormones, and metformin treatment in polycystic ovary syndrome: A longitudinal, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Molin Johanna , Vanky Eszter , Løvvik Tone S. , Dehlin Eva , Bixo Marie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo explore mechanisms that modulate gestational weight gain (GWG) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and healthy controls.DesignSub‐sample of randomised controlled trials (PCOS) combined with a prospective cohort (controls).SettingEleven Norwegian, Swedish, and Icelandic hospitals.PopulationPregnant women with PCOS treated with metformin (PCOS‐M, n = 36) or placebo (PCOS‐P, n = 37), and healthy pregnant women (HC, n = 15).MethodsSerum levels of the appetite regulating hormones leptin, ghrelin, allopregnanolone, and soluble leptin receptor (sOB‐R) were determined in the first and third trimesters.Main Outcome MeasuresExcessive GWG (eGWG) relative to body mass index according to Institute of Medicine (IOM) guideline. Serum leptin/sOB‐R ratio, or free‐leptin‐index (FLI), as biomarker of leptin sensitivity. Serum ghrelin and allopregnanolone levels.ResultsThe overall prevalence of eGWG was 44% (38/86). Women with eGWG had higher first and third trimester FLI (P < 0.001), and lower third trimester allopregnanolone levels (P = 0.003) versus women with non‐eGWG. The prevalence of eGWG was lower in PCOS‐M versus PCOS‐P (28% versus 62%, odds ratio = 0.4, 95% CI 0.2–0.8, P = 0.005). FLI decreased during pregnancy in PCOS‐M (P = 0.01), but remained unaltered in PCOS‐P and HC. Ghrelin and allopregnanolone levels were comparable in PCOS‐M, PCOS‐P and HC throughout pregnancy.ConclusionExcessive GWG is associated with enhanced leptin resistance, and attenuated physiological increase in serum allopregnanolone levels during pregnancy. Metformin reduces the risk for eGWG and improves leptin sensitivity in pregnant women with PCOS.Tweetable AbstractMetformin counteracts excessive weight gain and leptin resistance in pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
The Effects of Independent Director Litigation Risk*
Authors: Donelson Dain C. , Tori Elizabeth , Yust Christopher G. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTDoes personal litigation risk for independent directors materially affect firm valuation, compensation‐related issues for independent directors, and board composition decisions? We use the unexpected In re Investors Bancorp decision in 2017 by the Delaware Supreme Court, which lowered the liability threshold only for directors in derivative litigation over their own equity grants and increased their future litigation risk, to examine these issues. Understanding changes in independent director litigation risk is important because such changes may affect directors' willingness or ability to serve on boards and advise executives. Consistent with our predictions, investors and firms reacted to the decision. First, Delaware firms experienced significant negative short‐window returns, concentrated in high‐litigation‐risk firms where equity compensation is most important. Second, Delaware firms responded by increasing the use of director compensation caps, highlighting that they did not pay excessive amounts. Third, Delaware firms with higher abnormal director compensation decreased director compensation, while those with lower abnormal director compensation did not. Finally, Delaware firms added higher‐quality directors to the compensation committee, consistent with concerns about heightened litigation risk for those positions. Notably, these new, higher‐quality directors did not accept lower pay, unlike holdover directors who previously served on the committee. Overall, results are consistent with director litigation concerns having a significant effect on shareholder value and firm and director behavior.
Effects of environmental temperature on the growth performance of a tropical Oreochromis esculentus (Graham, 1928). Implications for the species conservation
Authors: Nagayi Jane Kalule Yawe , Kisakye John Joseph , Mwanja Matthew Tenywa , Nattabi Juliet , Opio Alfonse 
Published: December 2021

AbstractClimate variability and change are currently recognised global challenges. However, the impacts of rising temperatures may be greatest on tropical freshwater fish, which already exist in warm environments and may be living close to their critical thermal maximum. However, there is limited species‐specific information on tropical species’ adaptive capacity to increased temperature. This study examined various growth attributes in juvenile populations (farmed, L. Kacheera and L. Nabisojjo) of a critically endangered tropical Oreochromis esculentus to determine its adaptive potential. Fish were acclimated at 25, 28, 31 and 34°C for 28 days. Overall, survival rates were high. Growth coefficient b was not significantly different from three (b = 3) in all treatments, implying isometric growth. The specific growth rates (SGRs), body condition K, and hepato‐somatic indices (his) declined as the acclimation temperatures increased. Although SGR showed significant variations only among populations, the highest in L. Nabisojjo, K and HSI showed significant variations among treatments. Overall, the growth attributes declined at higher acclimation temperatures, but remained within acceptable ranges, implying that the species may attain normal growth at elevated temperatures experienced in outdoor aquaculture systems, despite its warm environmental background. Hence, we recommend selective breeding for temperature resilience and species introduction into aquaculture using broodstock from L. Nabisojjo.
Treatment‐related decisional conflict in pre‐dialysis chronic kidney disease patients in Singapore: Prevalence and determinants
Authors: Goh Zack Zhong Sheng , Chia Jace Ming Xuan , Seow Terina Ying‐ying , Choo Jason Chon Jun , Foo Marjorie , Seow Pei Shing , Griva Konstadina 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundIn advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), patients face complex decisions related to renal replacement modality that can cause decisional conflict and delay. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of severe decisional conflict across decision types and to identify the psychosocial and clinical factors associated with decisional conflict in this population.DesignObservational cross‐sectional study.MethodsPatients with CKD in renal care were recruited. The Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS), Functional, Communicative, and Critical Health Literacy (FCCHL), Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ), and the Kidney‐disease Quality of Life (KDQOL) questionnaires were used. Clinical data were obtained from medical records. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of severe decisional conflict (DCS score ≥ 37.5).ResultsParticipants (N = 190; response rate = 56.7%; mean age = 62.8 ± 10.8) reported moderate levels of decisional conflict (29.7 ± 14.5). The overall prevalence of severe decisional conflict was 27.5% (n = 46) with no significant differences across decision types (dialysis, modality, access). Ethnicity (Chinese), marital status (married), BIPQ treatment control, coherence, KDQOL staff encouragement, and all health literacy domains, except functional health literacy, were significant predictors of decisional conflict in the unadjusted models. In the multivariable model, only the health literacy domains of FCCHL Communicative, and HLQ Active Engagement remained significant.ConclusionEven after pre‐dialysis education, many CKD patients in this study still report severe decisional conflict, with rates remaining substantial across decision junctures. The associations of decisional conflict and health literacy skills related to communication and engagement with healthcare providers indicate that more collaborative and patient‐centric pre‐dialysis programs may support patient activation and resolve decisional conflict.
Online urological educational material for medical students: can search engines be trusted?
Authors: Gunasegaram James , Ong Sean , Swann Ray , Lawrentschuk Nathan 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesTo determine the credibility of online urological information that medical students are likely to encounter, determine possible discrepancies between the credibility of information pertaining to different areas within urology (especially those less relevant to patients), and assess trends in the sponsorship of online urological educational material.Materials and MethodsHealth on the Net (HON) principles were used as a validated benchmark to assess the reliability of websites that appeared in the first 150 results of a search using the Google search engine. A variety of urological search terms were used, grouped into three broad categories with varying relevance to patients and medical students. Further analysis focussed on the sponsorship of assessed websites.ResultsA total of 5400 websites were assessed for validation over a set of 36 search terms. Only 843/5400 (15.6%) of these were HONcode accredited, indicating a large proportion of unverified and potentially unreliable information. Search engine rankings usually favoured accredited websites (P = 0.009), and accreditation peaked at 51.1% (184/360) in the first page of results, but sorting became weaker outside the highest search results. The percentage of accredited websites varied significantly between different subcategories of search terms such as conditions (18.3% [329/1800], P = 0.003) and procedures (13.5% [243/1800], P = 0.043). Governmental/educational and commercial sources supported the majority of websites assessed for sponsorship (21% [31/150] and 33% [49/150], respectively), and the former were more likely to rank highly in search results.ConclusionOnline urological information frequently lacks validation and is often of indeterminate credibility. There is a marked decrease in the proportion of accredited websites beyond the highest‐ranked results and when considering search categories more relevant to students and less relevant to patients. Students cannot necessarily rely on free online sources for accurate information and could benefit from the development of more rigorous novel tools and platforms.
Associations of bird and bat species richness with temperature and remote sensing‐based vegetation structure on a tropical mountain
Authors: Vogeler Anna‐Valeska Bettina , Otte Insa , Ferger Stefan , Helbig‐Bonitz Maria , Hemp Andreas , Nauss Thomas , Böhning‐Gaese Katrin , Schleuning Matthias , Tschapka Marco , Albrecht Jörg 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGiven the current challenges of global change, e.g., through increasing temperatures and changes in habitat quality, it is essential to gain a better understanding of how species are linked to the conditions of their environment. Bats and birds fulfill crucial ecosystem functions as highly mobile long‐distance seed dispersers, pollinators, and insect predators and might be influenced not only by abiotic conditions such as temperature, but also by structural parameters of their habitats. We hypothesized that mean annual temperature and vegetation structures are key determinants of flying vertebrate species richness along the slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. We used Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) to characterize the three‐dimensional habitat structure across different forest strata and recorded mean annual temperature on 58 study sites along the elevational gradient of Mt. Kilimanjaro. Our results show that both bat and bird species richness were significantly associated with temperature and a LiDAR derived measure of canopy density. In combination, temperature and LiDAR‐derived vegetation structure described over 90% of the variability in bat and bird species richness along the elevational gradient. Our findings reveal that climate data and measures of canopy structure obtained by remote sensing can be used to approximate the richness of flying vertebrates on tropical mountains and are highly suitable monitoring tools in conservation programs for these functionally important taxa.
Disentangling drivers of thermal physiology: Community‐wide cold shock recovery of butterflies under natural conditions
Authors: Khazan Emily S. , Haggard Jaime , Ríos‐Málaver Indiana Cristobal , Shirk Philip , Scheffers Brett R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPhysiological strategies of terrestrial ectotherms are a delicate interplay between species’ traits and their physical environment. Several theories and overarching hypotheses seek to explain strategies related to thermal physiology with respect to organisms and their environments. However, most of these have been investigated under controlled laboratory conditions with lab‐reared or otherwise acclimated individuals, removing the effect of environmental acclimation. This study examines anin‐situphysiological trait, cold shock recovery, across butterfly communities of the Colombian Andes from different environments, elevations, and ambient conditions. We explored four non‐mutually exclusive hypotheses—1) intrinsic (species) traits dictate response hypothesis; 2) extrinsic (environmental) traits dictate response hypothesis; 3) climate variability hypothesis; 4) thermal melanism hypothesis—to explain cold shock recovery of wild‐caught butterflies from high (1800 m.a.s.l) and low (600 m.a.s.l.) elevations in two habitat types (open and closed canopy). Cold shock recovery was measured as the time following a cold shock to full recovery, that is, flight. Ambient conditions and the thermal melanism hypothesis, which posits an interaction between pigmentation and solar intensity, best explained cold‐shock recovery. Higher temperatures and light exposure reduced recovery time. Dark butterflies under high solar intensity recovered from cold shock faster than light butterflies or those under low solar intensity regardless of species identity, morphology, or habitat characteristics. These results highlight the importance of ambient conditions and the interaction between pigmentation of tropical ectotherms and their physical thermal environments, patterns that may render populations vulnerable to the thermal impacts of climate change and development.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.