bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le malaise français de l’autonomie
Authors: Ehrenberg Alain 
Published: December 2021

L’autonomie est devenue la valeur suprême dans les sociétés individualistes. Dans ce contexte, l’individu désormais émancipé est confronté à un nouveau type d’épreuve qui s’exprime en termes de santé mentale et de souffrance psychique et est à la source d’un malaise collectif. Le « malaise » se résume dans la double idée que le lien social s’affaiblit et qu’en contrepartie l’individu est surchargé de responsabilités et d’épreuves qu’il ne connaissait pas auparavant. Dans le domaine de la psychopathologie, de nouvelles expressions des pathologies mentales que la psychanalyse avait repérées semblent se généraliser. Celles-ci ont servi de support à l’élaboration du discours du malaise. Les patients seraient moins atteints par les névroses classiques, caractérisées par des conflits du désir, des conflits entre permis et interdit, que par des pathologies narcissiques, qui concernent plus l’idéal du moi que le surmoi et se caractérisent par des sentiments de vide et d’insuffisance. L’enjeu sociologique est un changement de statut social de la souffrance psychique. La place accordée à la souffrance psychique est le fruit d’un contexte par lequel l’injustice, l’échec, la déviance, le mécontentement ou la frustration tendent à être évalués par leur impact sur la subjectivité individuelle et sur la capacité à mener une vie autonome.
Aperçu Préliminaire de la Socioanalyse Jungienne : Une Théorie Émergente
Authors: Odde Dorte , Vestergaard Arne , Juvin Claude 
Published: December 2021

L’article présente un aperçu préliminaire sur ce que nous appelons une socioanalyse jungienne – une théorie émergente qui réunit la psychologie analytique, les théories de la complexité, les théories sociologiques, la socioanalyse et la psychanalyse, l’analyse de groupe et les théories de l’affect. Notre hypothèse est que la théorie et la pratique jungiennes doivent plus s’occuper des (et se focaliser sur des) contextes sociaux, de la socialité et de l’influence des développements sociétaux. Mais, d’un autre côté, nous pensons que la psychologie analytique, principalement la théorie de l’individuation et la fonction transcendante de Jung aussi bien que la perspective de sa théorie complexe de la psyché, peuvent s’étendre à une perspective « socio » et pas seulement « psycho ». L’article présente cinq hypothèses fondatrices pour une socioanalyse jungienne : Une socioanalyse jungienne exige une psychologie complexe. L’(in)conscient est social et la socialité a une dimension d’(in)conscience. Une socioanalyse explore les champs sociaux « de l’intérieur » avec des petits groupes. Une socioanalyse permet (et est activée par) l’émergence de métaphores et d’images d’affects. Les champs socio-culturels ont une force d’individuation.
Nutritional Status of Children with Epilepsy, Attending the Pediatric Neurology Clinic of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu
Authors: Aronu Ann E. , Uwaezuoke Ndubuisi A. , Bisi-Onyemaechi Adaobi , Ubesie Agozie C. , Ojinnaka Ngozi C. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Malnutrition is a direct or underlying cause of 45% of all deaths of under-five children in Nigeria. Nigeria has one of the highest burden of malnourished children in the world. Certain vulnerable groups such as children with chronic diseases are often neglected in nutritional studies.

Objective:
This study sought to determine the prevalence of malnutrition among children with epilepsy, attending the Neurology Clinic of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital.

Materials and Methods:
This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Study participants were epileptic children aged 6 months to 18 years. Socio-economic status was determined using the Oyedeji classification. Weight and height were measured using standard protocols. The weight for height, body mass index for age, and height for age z-scores were calculated using the WHO Anthro and Anthro Plus software. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0, and significant p-values were set at less than 0.05.

Results:
One hundred and twenty children with epilepsy aged 6 months to 18 years who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Seventy-eight (65%) were males; (male: female ratio = 1: 0.5). The overall prevalence of wasting, stunting, overweight, and obesity were 5.8%, 9.2%, 10.8%, and 5.8%, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between various forms of malnutrition and the gender, age group, and socio-economic status of study participants (p > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Overweight was the most common form of malnutrition, followed by stunting among the epileptic children. There is need for regular anthropometric monitoring of children with drug-naive epilepsy with targeted interventions to correct malnutrition in them during the course of epilepsy management.
Quality of Sleep among Oncology Nurses and Intensive Care Nurses
Authors: Pareek Shatrughan , Kaushik Narendra K. , Kumar Nitesh , Gupta Kapil , Pareek Anupam , Kumawat Nitesh , Ramawat Yashawant 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Nurses working in shift duties, including night duties, are subject to a cumulative sleep debt, a decreased quantity and quality of sleep, and continuous sleep deprivation. Hence, nurses working in shift duties are prone to sleep disturbance.

Objective:
To determine and compare the quality of sleep among oncology and intensive care unit (ICU) nurses.

Materials and Methods:
Descriptive approach was adopted for this study. The sample comprised 126 nurses working at the units of Prince Bijay Singh Memorial (PBM) Hospital, Bikaner, Rajasthan, who were selected by purposive sampling technique. The quality of sleep was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data were analyzed by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software program, version 20.0.

Results:
In this study, majority of the participants (60.32%) were men. Majority of the nurses (75.40%) were working on a regular basis. The mean sleep quality scores of intensive care and oncology nurses were 3.863 ± 1.988 and 5.317 ± 1.899, respectively. The observed difference was statistically significant (t = 4.097; p < 0.001). Overall, there was poor quality of sleep in 46% of the participants. The intensive care unit (ICU) nurses are more likely to have poor quality of sleep than oncology nurses (61.90% vs. 30.16%; Χ2 = 18.15; p < 0.001). In addition, a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.6645, P = 0.0001*) was observed between the sleep quality of ICU and oncology nurses. Among the intensive care nurses and oncology nurses, there was no significant association between sociodemographic variables such as gender, age, working status, job status, and the PSQI scores. (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Intensive care nurses and oncology nurses have poor quality of sleep, which can affect their health and professional performance. The ICU nurses have poorer quality of sleep than oncology nurses. Nurse administrators and hospital administration should take initiatives to reduce the prevalence of poor sleep among these nurses.
Determinants of Descending Thoracic Aortic Size Measured by Echocardiography
Authors: Ejim Emmanuel C. , Oguanobi Nelson I. , Ubani-Ukoma Chidi B. , Udora Nneka C. , Chigbo Ejindu J. , Okwulehie Vincent A. , Okonkwo Alex K. , Iyidobi Tobenna 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Aortic size is known to be an important predictor of cardiovascular diseases. There is a dearth of data on factors affecting thoracic aorta size in the black African population.

Objective:
To determine the predictors of descending thoracic aortic size measured by echocardiography.

Materials and Methods:
Transthoracic echocardiographic reports of 167 consecutive subjects were retrospectively reviewed. Data obtained from the register included age, gender, weight, height, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate.

Results:
A total of 167 individuals aged between 12 and 96 years were studied. These were composed of 94 males and 73 females with mean age of 51.64 ± 16.31 and 46.90 ± 15.77, respectively. The mean descending thoracic aortic dimension was 23.35 ± 3.73 mm. The aortic measurement was found to be significantly higher in the male subjects (p < 0.05). A multi-variate correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between descending thoracic aortic dimension and (1) age, (2) weight, (3) body mass index, (4) systolic blood pressure, (5) diastolic blood pressure, (6) pulse pressure, and (6) mean arterial blood pressure (p < 0.05). These relationships were further explored using regression models. The most important predictors of aortic dimension in this study were age, weight, and sex (p < 0.05). Our result suggests a linear relationship between age and descending thoracic dimension.

Conclusion:
Age, body weight, and gender significantly affect the size of the descending thoracic aorta and could predict cardiovascular risk.
Polymorphism of interleukin-6 -174 G/C (rs1800795) & the corresponding interleukin-6 level as a prognostic marker of cervical cancer
Authors: Wagh Priyanka , Kulkarni Priyanka , Kerkar Shilpa , Tongaonkar Hemant , Chaudhari Hemangi , Warke Himangi , Deodhar Kedar , Rekhi Bharat , Mania-Pramanik Jayanti 
Published: December 2021

Background & objectives:
Aetiology of cervical cancer (CaCx) is multifactorial. Besides human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, many immunogenetic factors are involved in this complex process. The present study was carried out to investigate one such factor, interleukin-6 (IL-6), a central pro-inflammatory cytokine and a polymorphism at its promoter region -174 G/C (rs1800795) with CaCx.

Methods:
HPV-infected women with or without CaCx were enrolled in group I and II, respectively. Another group of uninfected healthy women was also included as group III for comparison. Polymorphism in IL-6-174 G/C and IL-6 levels were analyzed by sequence-specific primer PCR (PCR-SSP) and ELISA, respectively.

Results:
Groups I (n=111) and II (n=87) had significantly higher frequency of IL-6-174 GG genotype [odds ratios (OR)=3.9; P<0.001 and OR=3.2; P<0.001, respectively] as compared to group III (n=163). Furthermore, individuals with GG or GC genotypes had high IL-6 levels than those with CC genotypes. IL-6 levels were significantly (P<0.001) elevated in group I. This was also significantly high in untreated cases as compared to treated (P<0.05) ones. IL-6 levels of treated group were comparable with groups II and III.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Our results suggested a possible association of IL-6-174 GG with CaCx, which was also associated with high IL-6 levels. Decreased levels of IL-6 following treatment indicate its possible prognostic use in CaCx cases.
Etiology of obstructive jaundice and its correlation with the ethnic population of Sikkim
Authors: Bhutia Karma D. , Lachungpa Tsella , Lamtha Sangey C. 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
The aim of the study was to find out the etiology of obstructive jaundice and its correlation with the ethnic population of Sikkim.

Material and Method:
The data of patients with obstructive jaundice admitted under the Department of Gastroenterology was collected retrospectively from March 2019 till February 2020. There were a total of 73 patients of obstructive jaundice patients, the benign etiology was found to be more common than malignant etiology.

Results:
The male-to-female ratio in our study was 0.35:1. The most common etiology of benign cause of obstructive jaundice was choledocholithiasis (95.83%) followed by common bile duct stricture (3.07%), Mirizzi syndrome (1.53%). The most common causes of malignant obstructive jaundice were carcinoma of gall bladder (62.5%) followed by carcinoma of periampullary region (12.5%), cholangiocarcinoma (12.5%), carcinoma of head of pancreas (12.5%).

Conclusions:
The most common etiology of obstructive jaundice in this study was choledocholithiasis. There was no any correlation of obstructive jaundice with ethnic population of Sikkim.
Morbidity profile of under-5 slum dwellers of Amritsar city
Authors: Singh Jasmeet , Singh Tejbir , Lal Mohan , Mahajan Sanjeev , Ruchika  , Padda Preeti 
Published: December 2021

Context:
Children living in slums are deprived from basic necessities. Unhygienic environment and deficient nutrition hinder their growth and make them more prone to infectious diseases.

Aims:
To study morbidity profile of under-5 children and determine social epidemiological factors associated with it.

Settings and Design:
A descriptive cross-sectional study in urban slums of district Amritsar.

Methods and Material:
In total, 400 households each from four slums (1600 in total) were randomly selected. One to one interview with mother of each under 5 was conducted and information was recorded on pretested performa. Height and weight with haemoglobin estimation was done for each child.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Descriptive statistics (frequencies and proportions) and univariate logistic regression was applied to determine factors associated with under nutrition.

Results:
Out of 1136 under-5, 50, 45 and 8% were stunted, underweight and wasted. Severe malnutrition was seen among 23%. In total, 79% had anaemia. About 69% suffered from one or more infectious disease in last 3 months. Anaemia, birth order >2, lower socio-economic status and suffering from any infectious disease in last 3 months were associated with malnutrition.

Conclusions:
Severe malnutrition and anaemia was high among under-5 of urban slums and 69% suffered from infectious disease in last 3 months emphasizing on addressal of health needs of under-5 residing in urban slums.
Changing scenario of C-section delivery in India
Authors: Roy Nivedita , Mishra Piyush Kumar , Mishra Vijay Kumar , Chattu Vijay Kumar , Varandani Souryakant , Batham Sonu Kumar 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Caesarean section (C-section) delivery is a serious maternal health concern in the long run. Notedly, there is a lack of studies dealing with understanding the ways and reasons of C-section deliveries becoming a public health issue in today’s time in India and the measures to reduce the unnecessary caesarean sections. We have conducted this study to study the changes in the state-wise prevalence of C-section deliveries in India and understand C-section delivery’s socioeconomic and biomedical predictors.

Materials and Methods:
The study uses data from the fourth and fifth rounds of the National Family Health Surveys (NFHS). The per cent differences in the C-section deliveries from NFHS-4 to NFHS-5 across the states were measured through relative changes. The association between the C-section delivery and socioeconomic and biomedical factors were assessed using multiple logistic regression.

Results:
This study revealed that the C-section deliveries are higher in the southern states than in the other parts of India. Literacy plays a vital role in C-section deliveries. The probabilities of C-section deliveries are more in 30–40 and 40 + years. The women belonging to the median wealth index category were more likely (OR–CI, 1.62 [1.55–1.66]) to undergo the C-section followed by the women from wealthy households (OR–CI, 1.46 [1.41–1.52]).

Conclusion:
The Government’s health policymakers should take the initiative to reduce the C-section section delivery by means of building maternal health literacy and awareness among women and the community so that its future implications can be minimised. It is crucial to formulate a mandate and implement it in the states where C-sections are too high through community health workers and primary care providers.
The effectiveness of visual triaging and testing of suspected COVID-19 cases in primary care setting in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abdalrouf Abuobieda , Ibrahim Alaa , Abdulmogith Mohammed , Yousif Attiat , Okeil Nawaf Al , Otaibi Azzam Al , Albattal Saad , AlAbood Abood , Maher Medhat , AlRasheed Abdelaziz , Kofi Mostafa 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Asymptomatic individuals could be a source of spreading the infection, especially in their households. Triaging and testing an individual for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection rely on the criteria included in the adopted triaging instrument, and adopted case definition of a suspected case. They both may need to be reviewed and modified to make them more effective in making the right decision.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was used to find out the effectiveness of triaging instrument and the case definition used in the fever clinic (FC) in one of our primary care centers. The data of 630 randomly selected participants who were tested in our center between April 12 and August 12 2020 were analyzed.

Results:
About 36.8% of the 630 tested participants were positive for COVID-19. Symptomatic patients were 3.93 (95% CI; 2.58, 5.98; P < 0.001) times more likely to test positive than asymptomatic ones. The participants with a history of contact with a COVID-19 confirmed case were 1.47 (95% CI; 1.03, 2.10; P = 0.032) times more likely to test positive compared to those without such history. Symptomatic with and without history of contact were 8.40 (95% CI; 3.23, 21.86; P < 0.001) and 4.91 (95% CI; 1.84, 13.09; P < 0.001) times more likely to test positive compared to asymptomatic contact, respectively. Moreover, patients with comorbidity were also 1.85 (95% CI; 1.31, 2.60; P < 0.001) times more likely to test positive than healthy ones. The mean of the number of the households, and the mean of the number of households tested positive significantly exceeded the means of those tested negative by 1.03 (95% CI; 0.48, 1.57; P < 0.001), and 0.98 (95% CI; 0.68, 1.28; P < 0.001), respectively. From the studied triaging items only symptoms, comorbidities, and the number of households tested positive were independently associated with testing positive. Moreover, from studied symptoms, only fever, cough, myalgia, and loss of taste and smell were independently associated with testing positive. Finally, from the studied comorbidities, only diabetes mellitus was independently associated with testing positive.

Conclusion:
At the time of outbreak and pandemic, people get worried and need to be reassured, and contacts would then seek testing. However, resources including manpower, material, and money need to be protected and used wisely. Thus, the adoption of an evidence-based updated testing policy is crucially needed. Furthermore, early identification of the potential sources of the infection is also crucially needed to control the spreading of the infection.
Influence of physicians’ BMI on counseling practice for obesity in primary health care clinics in Aljouf region, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study
Authors: Alnasiri Anas Salem Ahmed , Alruwaili Naif Muhanna 
Published: December 2021

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to determine the perceived frequencies about counseling to obese patients, among physicians stratified by body mass index (BMI), working in primary health care clinics (PHCC) in Aljouf region of Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
All primary health care physicians in Aljouf region were invited to participate in the study. The study was conducted between January to March 2020. Demographical variables and questions related to counseling for weight loss. Physicians’ BMI and questions related to counseling were analyzed to study the statistical significances.

Results:
Of 118 participants majority were under 40 years old (47.5%) while there were 74 (62.7%) males and 44 (37.3%) female physicians in the study. Fifty percent of the study participants were overweight while 16.1% were obese. Significantly high proportion of the participants were agreed that patients are not trust on weight loss advice by overweight/obese physicians (P = 0.014). Secondly, over 90% of respondents were agreed to counsel their patients to do exercise and do dietary adjustments for weight loss however it was not statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Participants showed a general agreement that physicians’ own health has significant effect on weight loss counseling provided to the patients. Hence, it is important to improve physicians own health because patients also get inspired by physicians’ health and appearance and that can help to make weight loss counseling more effective and fruitful.
Prevalence of depression and quality of life in primary caregiver of children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Sonune Swapnil P. , Gaur Anil K. , Shenoy Anuradha 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
Study the correlation of depression and quality of life (QoL) in primary caregivers (mothers) of children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Methods:
An observational cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 203 primary caregivers (mothers) of children with CP. The depression and QoL in the caregivers were assessed using the Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale and World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument (WHOQOL-BREF) (physical, psychological, social and environmental domains), respectively. The child’s gross motor function level was determined using the Gross Motor Functional Classification System-Expanded and Revised (GMFCS-ER). The association of depression and QoL in mothers to functional limitation in children were assessed. For statistical methods, P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
The severity of the depression showed a statistically significant negative correlation with the physical domain (r = −0.498, P < 0.0001), psychological domains (r = −0.486, P < 0.0001), social relationships (r = −0.165, P = 0.019) and environmental domains (r = −0.195, P = 0.005). The mean QoL domains scores showed a decreasing trend with increasing motor dysfunction of the child, with a statistical association for physical (r = −0.327, P < 0.0001) and psychological domains (r = −0.440, P < 0.0001). Out of all the baseline demographic factors, the child’s age was a significant risk factor affecting the mother’s QoL (P = 0.041).

Conclusion:
CP, being a debilitating disease, requires around-the-clock caregiving for the child. However, caregiving causes a significant impact on the QoL with increasing severity of depression among the mothers.
A time-and-motion analysis of multipurpose healthcare workers from Kashmir
Authors: Wani Rabbanie T. , Chowdri Iqra N. , Nazir Umar , Haq Inaamul 
Published: December 2021

Background:
A multipurpose health worker (MPHW) is the pivotal functionary and the first point of contact in health care sector. This study explores the work-related activity of MPHWs in the different domains and also assesses their time utilization pattern.

Methods:
A time and motion study was conducted among 12 multipurpose health care workers (MPHWs) from 10 different Subcenters of block Hazratbal. Participants self-reported their daily activities on a time measurement sheet for 6 days. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using SPSS v25.0. Calculations are based on a total of 544.5 person-hours of observation by ANMs.

Results:
Time utilization pattern revealed that ANMs spent one-fourth of their time on maintaining registers. Observations on self-reporting were comparable with that of observations made by external observers.

Conclusions:
This study reflects the workload in different domains of MPHWs’ activities and nature of their work, relevance of their job responsibilities in the context to Indian public health standards for their job.