bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Konsep Pembelajaran Inovatif dan Kreatif Melalui Pembelajaran Berbasis Edutainment dalam Pembelajaran di PAUD
Authors: Nurdin Nurdin 
Published: July 2021

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan konsep pembelajaran inovatif dan kreatif melalui pembelajaran berbasis edutainment dalam pembelajaran di PAUD. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan atau library research. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pendidikan anak usia dini (PAUD) menjadi aspek yang penting dalam pembentukan karakter serta kualitas yang dimiliki anak. Hal ini menjadi pekerjaan besar bagi tenaga pendidik PAUD untuk mengoptimalkan tujuan pembelajaran yang sudah dirancang. Salah satu metode yang bisa diterapkan tenaga pendidik dalam proses pembelajaran yang inovatif dan kreatif adalah melalui pembelajaran yang berbasis edutainment. Pembelajaran ini memungkinkan anak untuk belajar sambil bermain. Pembelajaran yang menyenangkan akan membuat materi pelajaran dinilai lebih menarik oleh anak-anak pada usia dini. Pembelajaran berbasis edutainment akan membantu perkembangan berbagai aspek yang dimiliki anak. Selian itu konsep bermain sambil belajar akan mengarahkan anak pada perkembangan kemampuan yang lebih beragam.
Global 21 cm Signal Extraction from Foreground and Instrumental Effects. IV. Accounting for Realistic Instrument Uncertainties and Their Overlap with Foreground and Signal Models
Authors: Tauscher Keith , Rapetti David , Nhan Bang D. , Handy Alec , Bassett Neil , Hibbard Joshua , Bordenave David , Bradley Richard F. , Burns Jack O. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
All 21 cm signal experiments rely on electronic receivers that affect the data via both multiplicative and additive biases through the receiver’s gain and noise temperature. While experiments attempt to remove these biases, the residuals of their imperfect calibration techniques can still confuse signal extraction algorithms. In this paper, the fourth and final installment of our pipeline series, we present a technique for fitting out receiver effects as efficiently as possible. The fact that the gain and global signal, which are multiplied in the observation equation, must both be modeled implies that the model of the data is nonlinear in its parameters, making numerical sampling the only way to explore the parameter distribution rigorously. However, multi-spectra fits, which are necessary to extract the signal confidently as demonstrated in the third paper of the series, often require large numbers of foreground parameters, increasing the dimension of the posterior distribution that must be explored and therefore causing numerical sampling inefficiencies. Building upon techniques in the second paper of the series, we outline a method to explore the full parameter distribution by numerically sampling a small subset of the parameters and analytically marginalizing over the others. We test this method in simulation using a type I Chebyshev bandpass filter gain model and a fast signal model based on a spline between local extrema. The method works efficiently, converging quickly to the posterior signal parameter distribution. The final signal uncertainties are of the same order as the noise in the data.
Low-frequency Waves Upstream of Quasi-parallel Shocks: Two-dimensional Hybrid Simulations
Authors: Hao Yufei , Lu Quanming , Wu Dejin , Lu San , Xiang Liang , Ke Yangguang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we study low-frequency waves upstream of quasi-parallel shocks by using two-dimensional (2D) hybrid simulations. Simulation results show that reflected particles can backstream and form a superthermal particle component in plasmas in an area just before the shock front. The component interacts with the incident particles and can result in quasi-parallel and quasi-perpendicular fast magnetosonic waves with comparable wave amplitudes, and they have right-hand and linear polarization, respectively. Further upstream, after being scattered by these upstream waves, the backstreaming particles develop a shell-like velocity distribution so that similar waves can be driven by the free energy from this newly formed distribution, and in this area the quasi-perpendicular waves are dominant over the quasi-parallel ones. Linear theory confirms the generation of these two types of upstream waves.
Une sociologie des usages des TIC à l’épreuve du temps libre : le cas des lycéens durant l’année du baccalauréat
Authors: Douarin Laurence Le 
Published: July 2021

Comment construire une réflexion sociologique sur les usages des TIC par les lycéens de Terminale ? Certes, on dit d’eux qu’ils font partie de la « génération Google », laquelle suscite des craintes (incompétence documentaire, exposition aux risques d’Internet, etc.). Mais notre posture vise à comprendre leurs usages numériques, notamment ceux liés aux devoirs scolaires, en leur donnant une épaisseur sociale, c’est-à-dire en étudiant les contextes sociaux d’usages et les manières diverses et multiples dont les lycéens parviennent à articuler leur temps de travail scolaire (les devoirs à la maison) et leurs activités extrascolaires (loisirs encadrés à l’extérieur du domicile, loisirs informels et sorties entre copains, pratiques d’informatisation culturelle et de communication électronique).
La construction du rapport à autrui dans les forums de discussion d’adolescents et ses enjeux en situation d’apprentissage scolaire. Le point de vue de l’analyse des interactions
Authors: Atifi Hassan , Marcoccia Michel , Gauducheau Nadia 
Published: July 2021

A travers l’analyse d’un corpus d’interactions en ligne (un échantillon d’échanges prélevés dans le forum de discussion Ados.fr), cet article présente les bénéfices et les limites d’une approche interactionniste pour comprendre le « sujet apprenant numérique ». Avec une telle approche, on parlera d’un « sujet interactant », qui construit sa relation aux autres par et dans les interactions en ligne. Ce point de vue permet de montrer finement la manière dont se construisent des relations complexes (et parfois paradoxales) : à la fois intimes et faiblement interpersonnelles, coopératives et inégalitaires, ludiques et agressives. Cet article propose aussi quelques pistes de réflexion pour analyser les effets des pratiques numériques extrascolaires sur les situations d’apprentissage en ligne.
Le sujet cognitif de l’apprentissage
Authors: Tricot André 
Published: July 2021

Les humains qui utilisent des technologies de l’information et de la communication pour l’enseignement (TICE) et pour apprendre réalisent une activité complexe qu’il est difficile d’étudier. Les chercheurs du domaine rencontrent plusieurs problèmes, dont trois sont abordés ici : les apprentissages implicites et explicites, scolaires et non scolaires, avec les TIC peuvent-ils être décrits à l’intérieur d’un même cadre ? Les TICE mobilisent-elles différents processus d’apprentissage ? Qu’est-ce la motivation à utiliser les TIC et cette motivation a-t-elle un effet sur les apprentissages avec les TICE ? Pour répondre à ces problèmes, une approche renouvelée des apprentissages peut aider. Cette approche considère le sujet cognitif de l’apprentissage comme étant capable d’apprendre de manière très différente selon qu’il y a un enjeu adaptatif ou non. Elle considère aussi que le sujet humain mobilise des processus d’apprentissage très différents entre eux, impliquant que les tâches et les outils pouvant soutenir ces processus d’apprentissage sont nécessairement très différents. Enfin, elle considère que les connaissances que le sujet humain a sur lui-même et sur ses buts d’apprentissage ont un effet important.
IFN-γ Drives Human Monocyte Differentiation into Highly Proinflammatory Macrophages That Resemble a Phenotype Relevant to Psoriasis
Authors: Luque-Martin Rosario , Angell Davina C , Kalxdorf Mathias , Bernard Sharon , Thompson William , Eberl H Christian , Ashby Charlotte , Freudenberg Johannes , Sharp Catriona , Van den Bossche Jan , de Jonge Wouter J , Rioja Inmaculada , Prinjha Rab K , Neele Annette E , de Winther Menno P J , Mander Palwinder K 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
As key cells of the immune system, macrophages coordinate the activation and regulation of the immune response. Macrophages present a complex phenotype that can vary from homeostatic, proinflammatory, and profibrotic to anti-inflammatory phenotypes. The factors that drive the differentiation from monocyte to macrophage largely define the resultant phenotype, as has been shown by the differences found in M-CSF– and GM-CSF–derived macrophages. We explored alternative inflammatory mediators that could be used for in vitro differentiation of human monocytes into macrophages. IFN-γ is a potent inflammatory mediator produced by lymphocytes in disease and infections. We used IFN-γ to differentiate human monocytes into macrophages and characterized the cells at a functional and proteomic level. IFN-γ alone was sufficient to generate macrophages (IFN-γ Mϕ) that were phagocytic and responsive to polarization. We demonstrate that IFN-γ Mϕ are potent activators of T lymphocytes that produce IL-17 and IFN-γ. We identified potential markers (GBP-1, IP-10, IL-12p70, and IL-23) of IFN-γ Mϕ and demonstrate that these markers are enriched in the skin of patients with inflamed psoriasis. Collectively, we show that IFN-γ can drive human monocyte to macrophage differentiation, leading to bona fide macrophages with inflammatory characteristics.
Epidemiological Characteristics and Trends of Registered Leprosy Cases in China From 2004 to 2016
Authors: Jiang Yi , Dou Xiangfeng , Wan Kanglin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract.Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. China was once one of the countries with severe leprosy epidemics, but its incidence has remained low in recent years. Despite this, there has been no decrease in its incidence more recently, and it is still a public health problem which needs to be controlled. In this study, we analyzed the epidemiological characteristics and trends in the detection rate of new cases of leprosy in China between 2004 and 2016. There were 4,519 cases of leprosy in 28 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions between 2004 and 2016, and the total incidence was 0.02815 (per 100,000 individuals) and 21 deaths. The overall incidence of leprosy showed an inverted “V” distribution (i.e., an increase followed by a decrease). Yunnan, Sichuan, Guangdong, Guizhou, and Guangxi were the top five regions with the highest incidence rates, and they accounted for 68.7% of the total cases. There were more male patients than female patients, and peasants accounted for 71.7% of the leprosy cases. The patients with leprosy in China were mainly concentrated in the age-group 15–44 years, as this group accounted for 57.2% of the total cases. The purpose of this study is to explore the epidemiology of leprosy in China. This analysis will be useful for future monitoring of leprosy and establishment of public health measures in China, in keeping with the “Programme for the Elimination of Leprosy in China 2011–2020.”
Spatial and Temporal Variability of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Colombia, 2007 to 2018
Authors: Castillo-Castañeda Adriana , Herrera Giovanny , Ayala Martha S. , Fuya Patricia , Ramírez Juan David 
Published: July 2021

Abstract.Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected tropical disease associated with poverty and is endemic in 56 countries worldwide. Brazil, Venezuela, and Colombia are the most affected countries in South America. In Colombia, the National Public Health Surveillance System (SIVIGILA) consolidates epidemiological information and monitors all VL cases nationwide. However, to date, no studies have investigated the occurrence of VL in Colombia using metadata analysis. We studied the demographic data, the spatial and temporal distribution of VL cases, and the association with vector distribution of Leishmania species in Colombia from 2007 to 2018. We found 306 VL cases reported to SIVIGILA for this period, with a coverage of 25.5 cases/year, and a mortality of 2.28% (seven deaths). The highest number of confirmed cases (N = 52) occurred in 2007; the lowest (N = 9) occurred in 2012. The cases were reported mainly in children (< 7 years) affiliated with the subsidized health regimen. Regarding the geographic distribution, the cases were reported by 42 municipalities distributed in 10 departments. The occurrence of VL cases toward the northeast of Colombia, and the distribution of vectors, such as Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lu. evansi, may be changing the panorama of VL in the country. We conclude that VL, mainly in recent years, shows a temporal and spatial variability associated with the occurrence of cases in new settings. Our findings increase our understanding and knowledge of this disease, and suggest the need to monitor and prioritize areas with changes in geographic expansion to improve prevention and control actions in the country.
A FILOSOFIA E AS MULHERES
Authors: Silva Shayane Vitória , Almeida Júnior José Benedito de 
Published: July 2021

Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar um estudo sobre a questão da liberdade das mulheres e as limitações que sofriam e sofrem por diversas questões relacionadas à determinação de papéis sociais para os gêneros. Nossa fundamentação teórica principal é a obra de Elisabeth Badinter, especialmente Emilie, Emilie:a ambição feminina no século XVIII(2003). Badinter pesquisou e reflete sobre as restrições sociais que as mulheres sofriam no século XVIII. A consequência deste processo é que a iniciativa de se tornarem cientistas, escritoras, diplomatas, magistradas e outras funções similares, eram consideradas ruins para a sociedade, uma vez que a ambição feminina, causaria desordem na sociedade, por não condizer com a natureza das mulheres. Além disso, este trabalho analisa também artigos sobre a participação das mulheres nos programas de pós-graduação em Filosofia no Brasil que apresentam a redução da proporção de mulheres na medida em que se aumenta o grau de especialidade das pesquisas.
Palavras-Chave: Filósofas. Mulheres. Filosofia. Feminina. Pós-Graduação.
Abstract
This paper aims to present a study on the issue of women's freedom and the limitations they have suffered and suffer for various issues related to the determination of social roles for genders. Our main theoretical foundation is the work of Elisabeth Badinter, especially Emilie, Emilie: the female ambition in the 18th century (2003). Badinter researched and reflected on the social restrictions that women suffered in the 18th century. The consequence of this process is that the initiative to become scientists, writers, diplomats, magistrates and other similar functions was considered bad for society, since the female ambition, it would cause disorder in society, for not matching the nature of women. In addition, this work also studies articles on the participation of women in postgraduate programs in Philosophy in Brazil which show a reduction in the proportion of women as the degree of research expertise increases.
Key words: Philosophers. Women. Philosophy. Feminine. Postgraduate.
Attitudes Towards Utilising Mobile Banking Applications Among Generation Z Consumers in South Africa
Authors: Koenaite Moshele , Maziriri Eugine , Chuchu Tinashe 
Published: July 2021

In today’s post-modern era, the banking industry is becoming a digital rather than a physical system. Digital banking has been synonymous with the fourth industrial revolution making a notable impact on the African continent. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to empirically investigate consumer attitudes towards mobile banking applications in South Africa. A positivist paradigm underpinned the study, and a descriptive design was employed. To test the proposed hypotheses a unique conceptual model was developed. Non-probability sampling was adopted in selecting appropriate participants. A total of data was collected from 325 willing participants through an survey. In terms of analysis, SPSS n and AMOS were utilised to generate descriptive statistics and hypotheses testing. The results established that attitudes towards mobile banking applications and actual use of mobile banking applications was the strongest relationship. The empirical evidence presented in this study adds value to the existing research on mobile-banking within the 4th industrial revolution, particularly in South Africa, a largely under-researched area.
La tuberculosis urogenital en Cochabamba-Bolivia: incidencia, seguimiento microbiológico y del tratamiento antituberculoso
Authors: Ferrufino Iriarte Javier , López Ovando Nicol , Espinoza Antezana Magaly 
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: describir la incidencia de tuberculosis urogenital (TBUG) en los dos centros de referencia diagnóstica del sistema de salud público del departamento de Cochabamba.
Métodos: estudio transversal retrospectivo desde enero de 2013 a marzo de 2020; población de estudio: pacientes con sospecha de TBUG con solicitud de cultivo para BK. Recolección de datos: base de datos de los laboratorios y revisión de los expedientes clínicos.
Resultados: se identificó a 2266 pacientes con sospecha clínica de TBUG a los que se les realizó cultivos de orina para TB; de los cuales 133 (5,87%) pacientes resultaron con cultivo positivo: 87 de sexo masculino (65,4%) y 46 de sexo femenino (34,6%); De estos, 115 pacientes no cuentan con un seguimiento completo clínico ni microbiológico, de los cuales el 83,3% tenía TB renal, 11,1% genital y 5,6% vesical; el 77,8 % presentaron síntomas del tracto urinario inferior, 33,3 % tenía algún tipo de comorbilidad y 1 requirió cirugía urológica. El tratamiento antituberculoso fue el estándar en el 100%, 1 presentó reacción adversa, pero ninguna resistencia ni defunciones asociadas al tratamiento.
Discusión: la incidencia del 5,87% no es despreciable, debido a que se requiere un alto índice de sospecha y contar con el cultivo para el diagnóstico, seguimiento y finalización de la terapia y de este modo disminuir el daño irreversible que afectan la funcionalidad.
Evidencia basada en la práctica: conocimientos, percepciones y comportamiento de los estudiantes de primer año de Odontología
Authors: Montaño Rodríguez Sandra Lucia , Uzeda Salguero Martha , Rodriguez Clavijo Limber 
Published: July 2021

La Odontología basada en la evidencia permite tomar decisiones clínicas fundamentadas en investigaciones actuales apoyadas en la mejor evidencia disponible, integrando la experiencia clínica con las preferencias y necesidades de los pacientes.
Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el estado inicial de los conocimientos, actitudes, acceso y confianza acerca de los principios de la Evidencia Basada en la Práctica de los estudiantes de primer año de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Mayor de San Simón.
Métodos: estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal que aplicó el formulario KACE validado por Hendricson, que consta de 35 ítems dividido en cuatro áreas: Conocimientos, Actitudes, Acceso, Confianza. Resultados: los estudiantes participantes (n=239), presentaron en el Área Conocimiento 62,76 %; registraron respuestas correctas acerca del conocimiento de estudio de casos. Área Actitudes 67,37 % indicó estar de acuerdo con la atención del paciente, basada en evidencia. Área Acceso a la Evidencia 40,17 %, de los estudiantes acceden a libros de texto en búsqueda de información; Área Confianza en las habilidades de evaluación crítica 45,61% indicaron tener algo de confianza acerca de la adecuación del tamaño de la muestra.
Conclusión: de acuerdo a los resultados de este estudio, se debe profundizar la capacitación de conocimientos acerca de la Odontología Basada en la Práctica. En cuanto a actitudes los resultados muestran el interés de los estudiantes, en el área de acceso existen limitaciones, y acerca del área de confianza en las habilidades de evaluación crítica, los estudiantes registraron un valor regular.
Combining yield, earliness and plant height in a single genotype: a proposal for breeding in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)
Authors: Pereira Ribeiro Larissa , Dessaune Tardin Flávio , Beserra de Menezes Cícero , Botega Baldoni Aisy , Teodoro Paulo Eduardo , Lopes Bhering Leonardo 
Published: July 2021

Grain sorghum production has expanded during the off-season when rainfall oscillates and becomes insufficient. Aiming to obtain better adapted cultivars, breeding programs have sought new combinations of hybrids with earliness, high grain yield, and ideal plant height for harvesting. This study aimed to estimate de combining ability of grain sorghum lines, proposing a breeding strategy, to identify hybrids gathering high yield, earliness, and desired plant height. Thirty-six hybrids from crosses of 12 lines were evaluated at two sites in the Brazilian region known as Cerrado biome. The evaluated traits were: days to flowering, plant height, and grain yield. For the diallel analysis, Method 4 of Griffing adapted to partial diallel was adopted. By combining ability analysis, we identified promising lines to be used as parents to obtain more yielding, early, and ideal height hybrids. The findings allowed us to propose a breeding strategy, in which complex crosses should be performed to gather favorable alleles in new restorer and male-sterile lines. The hybrids 7, 9, 19, and 22 are the most suitable for growing in the evaluated sites.
Highlights:

Combining ability analysis allows the identification of promising parents to be used in grain sorghum breeding program.
Favorable alleles for each trait are contained in different parents, which makes gene pyramiding a necessary strategy to simultaneously gathering earliness, plant height suitable for harvesting, and high yield in a single hybrid.
To improve the R lines, the cross between M2 (good donor for shorter height) x M5 (good donor for earliness) should be performed, and the hybrid resulting from M2xM5 can be crossed with the M4 line (good donor for high grain yield).
The hybrid generated by the cross F1-B x F4-B (high earliness) should be crossed with the hybrid derived from F6-B x F5-B (shorter height), and the hybrid resulting should be crossed with the hybrid generated by F2-B x F3-B (high grain yield).