bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A phase II study of FOLFIRINOX with primary prophylactic pegfilgrastim for chemotherapy-naïve Japanese patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer
Authors: Sasaki Mitsuhito , Ueno Hideki , Mitsunaga Shuichi , Ohba Akihiro , Hosoi Hiroko , Kobayashi Satoshi , Ueno Makoto , Terazawa Tetsuji , Goto Masahiro , Inoue Dai , Namiki Shin , Sakamoto Yasunari , Kondo Shunsuke , Morizane Chigusa , Ikeda Masafumi , Okusaka Takuji 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough FOLFIRINOX is currently one of the standard therapies for chemotherapy-naïve patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer (MPC), the high rate of febrile neutropenia (FN) presents a clinical problem. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of primary prophylactic pegfilgrastim with FOLFIRINOX in Japanese MPC patients.MethodsFOLFIRINOX (intravenous oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2, irinotecan 180 mg/m2, levofolinate 200 mg/m2, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) bolus 400 mg/m2and 5-FU 46 h infusion 2400 mg/m2) and pegfilgrastim 3.6 mg on day 4 or 5, every 2 weeks was administered to previously untreated MPC patients. The primary endpoint was the incidence of FN during the first 3 cycles. The planned sample size was 35 patients, but the trial was predefined to discontinue enrollment for safety if 4 patients developed FN.ResultsAt the enrollment of 22 patients, 4 patients developed FN in the first cycle, resulting in an incidence of FN of 18% {95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5–40.3%}, and enrollment was discontinued early. The incidence of grade 3 or higher neutropenia was 36.4%. Median relative dose intensities during the initial 3 cycles of oxaliplatin, irinotecan, bolus 5-FU, infusional 5-FU, and levofolinate maintained high (100%, 89.0%, 100%, 66.0%, and 100%, respectively). Response rate and median overall survival were 54.5% (95% CI 32.7–74.9) and 15.7 months (95% CI 7.9–18.8), respectively.ConclusionsThis phase II study could not demonstrate any reduction in the incidence of FN, nevertheless some patients experience benefits for efficacy by maintaining dose intensity using prophylactic pegfilgrastim.Trial registrationhttp://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index-j.htm, UMIN000017538. Date of registration: May/13/2015
How Does the Choice of the Lower Boundary Conditions in Large-Eddy Simulations Affect the Development of Dispersive Fluxes Near the Surface?
Authors: Wanner Luise , De Roo Frederik , Sühring Matthias , Mauder Matthias 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLarge-eddy simulations (LES) are an important tool for investigating the longstanding energy-balance-closure problem, as they provide continuous, spatially-distributed information about turbulent flow at a high temporal resolution. Former LES studies reproduced an energy-balance gap similar to the observations in the field typically amounting to 10–30% for heights on the order of 100 m in convective boundary layers even above homogeneous surfaces. The underestimation is caused by dispersive fluxes associated with large-scale turbulent organized structures that are not captured by single-tower measurements. However, the gap typically vanishes near the surface, i.e. at typical eddy-covariance measurement heights below 20 m, contrary to the findings from field measurements. In this study, we aim to find a LES set-up that can represent the correct magnitude of the energy-balance gap close to the surface. Therefore, we use a nested two-way coupled LES, with a fine grid that allows us to resolve fluxes and atmospheric structures at typical eddy-covariance measurement heights of 20 m. Under different stability regimes we compare three different options for lower boundary conditions featuring grassland and forest surfaces, i.e. (1) prescribed surface fluxes, (2) a land-surface model, and (3) a land-surface model in combination with a resolved canopy. We show that the use of prescribed surface fluxes and a land-surface model yields similar dispersive heat fluxes that are very small near the vegetation top for both grassland and forest surfaces. However, with the resolved forest canopy, dispersive heat fluxes are clearly larger, which we explain by a clear impact of the resolved canopy on the relationship between variance and flux–variance similarity functions.
Climate and monetary policy: do temperature shocks lead to inflationary pressures?
Authors: Mukherjee K. , Ouattara B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the race towards economic growth, increased pollutant emissions have spurred the rise in global surface temperatures, intensifying the process of climate change. While the existing literature on the economic impact of climate-related variables has looked at outcomes such as growth, income, fiscal response, and poverty, the effect of temperature shocks on inflation has largely been neglected. This paper is an attempt to fill this lacuna. Indeed, we analyze the dynamic impact of temperature shocks on inflation, a key policy variable of most central banks. We use a panel-VAR method with fixed-effects and a sample of developed and developing countries over the period 1961–2014. Our results suggest that temperature shocks lead to inflationary pressures. Worryingly, and for developing countries in particular, we find that these effects persist several years after the initial shock. Our finding remained unaltered by various robustness checks. We show that these effects pose a threat to monetary policy making. We argue that central banks should pay more attention to temperature shocks.
Social media as author-audience games
Authors: Ribeiro Andre F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe present an approach for the prediction of user authorship and feedback behavior with shared content. We consider that users use models of other users and their feedback to choose what to publish next. We look at the problem as a game between authors and audiences and relate it to current content-based user modeling solutions with no prior strategic models. As applications, we consider the large-scale authorship of Wikipedia pages, movies and food recipes. We demonstrate analytic properties, authorship and feedback prediction results, and an overall framework to study content authorship regularities in social media.
Active biological mechanisms: transforming energy into motion in molecular motors
Authors: Bechtel William , Bollhagen Andrew 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUnless one embraces activities as foundational, understanding activities in mechanisms requires an account of the means by which entities in biological mechanisms engage in their activities—an account that does not merely explain activities in terms of more basic entities and activities. Recent biological research on molecular motors (myosin and kinesin) exemplifies such an account, one that explains activities in terms of free energy and constraints. After describing the characteristic “stepping” activities of these molecules and mapping the stages of those steps onto the stages of the motors’ hydrolytic cycles, researchers pieced together from images of the molecules in different hydrolyzation states accounts of how the chemical energy in ATP is transformed in the constrained environments of the motors into the characteristic activities of the motors. We argue that New Mechanism’s standard set of analytic categories—entities (parts), activities (operations), and organization—should be expanded to include constraints and energetics. Not only is such an expansion required descriptively to capture research on molecular motors but, more importantly from a philosophical point of view, it enables a non-regressive account of activities in mechanisms. In other words, this expansion enables a philosophical account of mechanistic explanation that avoids a regress of entities and activities “all the way down.” Rather, mechanistic explanation bottoms out in constraints and energetics.
3D mechanical earth model for optimized wellbore stability, a case study from South of Iraq
Authors: Abdulaziz Abdulaziz M. , Abdulridha Hayder L. , Dahab Abdel Sattar A. , Alhussainy Shaban , Abbas Ahmed K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWellbore instability issues represent the most critical problems in Iraq Southern fields. These problems, such as hole collapse, tight hole and stuck pipe result in tremendous increasing in the nonproductive time (NPT) and well costs. The present study introduced a calibrated three-dimensional mechanical earth model (3DMEM) for the X-field in the South of Iraq. This post-drill model can be used to conduct a comprehensive geomechanical analysis of the trouble zones from Sadi Formation to Zubair Reservoir. A one-dimensional mechanical earth model (1DMEM) was constructed using Well logs, mechanical core tests, pressure measurements, drilling reports, and mud logs. Mohr–Coulomb and Mogi–Coulomb failure criteria determined the possibility of wellbore deformation. Then, the 1DMEMs were interpolated to construct a three-dimensional mechanical earth model (3DMEM). 3DMEM indicated relative heterogeneity in rock properties and field stresses between the southern and northern of the studied field. The shale intervals revealed prone to failure more than others, with a relatively high Poisson's ratio, low Young's modulus, low friction angle, and low rock strength. The best orientation for directional Wells is 140° clockwise from the North. Vertical and slightly inclined Wells (less than 40°) are more stable than the high angle directional Wells. This integration between 1 and 3DMEM enables anticipating the subsurface conditions for the proactive design and drilling of new Wells. However, the geomechanics investigations still have uncertainty due to unavailability of enough calibrating data, especially which related with maximum horizontal stresses magnitudes.
Obesity as a Risk Factor for Severe COVID-19: Summary of the Best Evidence and Implications for Health Care
Authors: Sattar Naveed , Valabhji Jonathan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To collate the best evidence from several strands—epidemiological, genetic, comparison with historical data and mechanistic information—and ask whether obesity is an important causal and potentially modifiable risk factor for severe COVID-19 outcomes.

Recent Findings
Several hundred studies provide powerful evidence that body mass index (BMI) is a strong linear risk factor for severe COVID-19 outcomes, with recent studies suggesting ~5-10% higher risk for COVID-19 hospitalisation per every kg/m2 higher BMI. Genetic data concur with hazard ratios increasing by 14% per every kg/m2 higher BMI. BMI to COVID-19 links differ markedly from prior BMI-infection associations and are further supported as likely causal by multiple biologically plausible pathways.

Summary
Excess adiposity appears to be an important, modifiable risk factor for adverse COVID-19 outcomes across all ethnicities. The pandemic is also worsening obesity levels. It is imperative that medical systems worldwide meet this challenge by upscaling investments in obesity prevention and treatments.
Vision-based positioning system for auto-docking of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs)
Authors: Volden Øystein , Stahl Annette , Fossen Thor I. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper presents an independent stereo-vision based positioning system for docking operations. The low-cost system consists of an object detector and different 3D reconstruction techniques. To address the challenge of robust detections in an unstructured and complex outdoor environment, a learning-based object detection model is proposed. The system employs a complementary modular approach that uses data-driven methods, utilizing data wherever required and traditional computer vision methods when the scope and complexity of the environment are reduced. Both, monocular and stereo-vision based methods are investigated for comparison. Furthermore, easily identifiable markers are utilized to obtain reference points, thus simplifying the localization task. A small unmanned surface vehicle (USV) with a LiDAR-based positioning system was exploited to verify that the proposed vision-based positioning system produces accurate measurements under various docking scenarios. Field experiments have proven that the developed system performs well and can supplement the traditional navigation system for safety-critical docking operations.
Estimating the degree of market power in the vegetable market in Japan
Authors: Sano Yuki , Sato Takeshi , Kawasaki Kentaro , Suzuki Nobuhiro , Kaiser Harry M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo adequately capture the market structure of vegetables in Japan, it is necessary to develop an oligopolistic model due to the potential market power of producers vs. retailers. We first estimate the market power between producers and retailers by extending the bilateral oligopoly model. Next, we evaluate the role of the wholesale market and its effect on economic welfare. Our results indicate that the wholesale market benefits both producers and consumers through a reduction in retail margins. This study contributes to the industrial organization literature by developing a bilateral oligopoly model and empirically measuring the wholesale market system in Japan.
Depression, anxiety, psychotropic drugs, and acute myocardial infarction: large prospective study of United Kingdom women
Authors: Parkin Lianne , Balkwill Angela , Green Jane , Reeves Gillian K. , Beral Valerie , Floud Sarah ,   for the Million Women Study Collaborators
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundReported associations between depression and myocardial infarction in some studies might be explained by use of psychotropic drugs, residual confounding, and/or reverse causation (whereby heart disease precedes depression). We investigated these hypotheses in a large prospective study of UK women with no previous vascular disease.MethodsAt baseline in median year 2001 (IQR 2001–2003), Million Women Study participants reported whether or not they were currently being treated for depression or anxiety, their self-rated health, and medication use during the previous 4 weeks. Follow-up was through linkage to national hospital admission and mortality databases. Cox regression yielded adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the first myocardial infarction event in those reporting treatment for depression or anxiety (subdivided by whether or not the treatment was with psychotropic drugs) v. not, and stratified by self-reported health and length of follow-up.ResultsDuring mean follow-up of 13.9 years of 690 335 women (mean age 59.8 years) with no prior heart disease, stroke, transient ischaemic attack, or cancer, 12 819 had a first hospital admission or death from myocardial infarction. The aHRs for those reporting treatment for depression or anxiety with, and without, regular use of psychotropic drugs were 0.96 (95% CI 0.89–1.03) and 0.99 (0.89–1.11), respectively. No associations were found separately in women who reported being in good/excellent or poor/fair health or by length of follow-up.ConclusionThe null findings in this large prospective study are consistent with depression not being an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction.
An anarchical society (of fascist states): Theorising illiberal solidarism
Authors: Allen Kye J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhile scholars within the English School have increasingly approached the traditionally liberal concept of solidarism in a normatively agnostic fashion, the idea of an ‘illiberal solidarism’ and historical manifestations thereof remain underexplored. One notable case in point surrounds the peculiar body of Italian interwar international thought, herein referred to as ‘international Fascism’. By discerning a synchronic outline of international Fascism, alongside the manner by which this project mutated and ultimately failed as it transformed from a vision theorised in the abstract to a practical initiative under the auspices of the Fascist regime, this article offers historical and theoretical insights into the realisability of illiberal forms of solidarism. Combining this historical account with theoretical insights derived from Reus-Smit's study on international order under conditions of cultural diversity, this article argues that the realisation of some form of solidarism necessitates the acceptance of a substantive pluralist component. Yet messianic illiberal visions that endeavour to retain the states-system, while simultaneously asserting the superiority of one community or a highly exclusionary vision of the ‘good life’, ostensibly lack the capacity to reconcile the contradictions inherent in efforts to universalise such projects.
Adenovirus pneumonia should not be overlooked in immunocompetent youths and adults
Authors: Zhao Bo , Yang TengFei , Zheng Rui 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Adenovirus pneumonia can occur in immunocompetent youths and adults. We conducted a retrospective analysis on five immunocompetent patients (aged ⩾14 years) with adenovirus pneumonia who visited our fever clinic between 1 February 2020 and 29 February 2020. The symptoms at clinical onset were fever, with cough and phlegm production either absent or appearing several days after disease onset. One patient with severe disease exhibited dyspnoea and a rapid development of respiratory failure. A subset of patients had concurrent gastrointestinal symptoms. The results of blood tests revealed normal leukocyte counts, decreased lymphocyte counts and increased C-reactive protein levels. The imaging findings resembled those of bacterial pneumonia, and pleural effusions were present in some cases. Most patients had a good prognosis with symptomatic treatment and supportive care. However, one patient with severe disease and a MuLBSTA score of >12 had a poor prognosis and ultimately died. Immunocompetent youths and adults may develop adenovirus pneumonia, and severe cases are at the risk of death. Since no effective treatments for adenovirus pneumonia are currently known, the early diagnosis and provision of symptomatic treatment and supportive care should be adopted to prevent the development and progression of severe disease.
Toxigenic Clostridium difficile-mediated diarrhoea in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in-patients: rapid diagnosis and efficient treatment
Authors: Khodaparast Sepideh , Mohabati Mobarez Ashraf , Khoramabadi Nima , Vasei Mohammad , Saberifiroozi Mehdi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients are susceptible to any kind of infectious agents including Clostridium difficile. We studied 86 allogenic-HSCT patients who faced diarrhoea while receiving antibiotics. DNA from stool samples were explored for the presence of C. difficile toxin genes (tcdA; tcdB) by multiplex real-time PCR. Results showed nine toxigenic C. difficile amongst which seven were positive for both toxins and two were positive for tcdB. Six of toxigenic C. difficile organisms harbouring both toxin genes were also isolated by toxigenic culture. Clostridium difficile infection was controlled successfully with oral Metronidazole and Vancomycin in the confirmed infected patients.
Vitamin D levels in children with COVID-19: a report from Turkey
Authors: Alpcan Aysegul , Tursun Serkan , Kandur Yaşar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSeveral studies have demonstrated that higher levels of vitamin D are associated with better prognosis and outcomes in infectious diseases. We aimed to compare the vitamin D levels of paediatric patients with mild/moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease and a healthy control group. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who were hospitalised at our university hospital with the diagnosis of COVID-19 during the period between 25 May 2020 and 24 December 2020. The mean age of the COVID-19 patients was 10.7 ± 5.5 years (range 1–18 years); 43 (57.3%) COVID-19 patients were male. The mean serum vitamin D level was significantly lower in the COVID-19 group than the control group (21.5 ± 10.0vs. 28.0 ± 11.0 IU,P< 0.001). The proportion of patients with vitamin D deficiency was significantly higher in the COVID-19 group than the control group (44%vs.17.5%,P< 0.001). Patients with low vitamin D levels were older than the patients with normal vitamin D levels (11.6 ± 4.9vs.6.2 ± 1.8 years,P= 0.016). There was a significant male preponderance in the normal vitamin D group compared with the low vitamin D group (91.7%vs.50.8%,P= 0.03). C-reactive protein level was higher in the low vitamin D group, although the difference did not reach statistical significance (9.6 ± 2.2vs.4.5 ± 1.6 mg/l,P= 0.074). Our study provides an insight into the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 for future studies. Empiric intervention with vitamin D can be justified by low serum vitamin D levels.
Crustal Groundwater Volumes Greater Than Previously Thought
Authors: Ferguson Grant , McIntosh Jennifer C. , Warr Oliver , Sherwood Lollar Barbara , Ballentine Christopher J. , Famiglietti James S. , Kim Ji‐Hyun , Michalski Joseph R. , Mustard John F. , Tarnas Jesse , McDonnell Jeffrey J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGlobal groundwater volumes in the upper 2 km of the Earth's continental crust—critical for water security—are well estimated. Beyond these depths, a vast body of largely saline and non‐potable groundwater exists down to at least 10 km—a volume that has not yet been quantified reliably at the global scale. Here, we estimate the amount of groundwater present in the upper 10 km of the Earth's continental crust by examining the distribution of sedimentary and crystalline rocks with depth and applying porosity‐depth relationships. We demonstrate that groundwater in the 2–10 km zone (what we call “deep groundwater”) has a volume comparable to that of groundwater in the upper 2 km of the Earth's crust. These new estimates make groundwater the largest continental reservoir of water, ahead of ice sheets, provide a basis to quantify geochemical cycles, and constrain the potential for large‐scale isolation of waste fluids.
North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) Climate Index Hidden in Ocean Generated Secondary Microseisms
Authors: Le Pape Florian , Bean Christopher J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWith the role of surface winds in the generation of ocean waves, secondary microseisms induced by ocean wave‐wave interactions represent a unique interconnection between the solid Earth, the ocean and global atmospheric circulation patterns. In this study, temporal changes in the ocean generated seismic wavefield in Northeast Atlantic are monitored offshore West of Ireland using ocean bottom seismometers located on top of a thick sedimentary basin. Comparisons with numerical seismic simulations and ocean wave model hindcast data suggest those variations are correlated with changing patterns in ocean wave‐wave interactions closely linked to secondary microseism generation areas. Here we show how those changes, accentuated by the specific structure of the Irish offshore margin, reveal the signature of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in the Earth’s background seismic wavefield. In the North Atlantic, secondary microseism sources likely fluctuate with the changing storm track in response to variations in the NAO.
Do Sudden Stratospheric Warmings Boost Convective Activity in the Tropics?
Authors: Yoshida Kohei , Mizuta Ryo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe impact of sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) on the tropical troposphere is investigated using 5000‐years scale ensemble simulations with a 60‐km global atmospheric model to detect signals from large natural variability of convection. Stratospheric temperature and static stability decrease in the tropics, and convective activity peaks simultaneously with the tropical upwelling. Tropical cyclone intensity and accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) show a weak but statistically robust enhancement of 5% and 9%, respectively, relative to the December–March climatology. However, the relative probability of the largest 10% of ACE anomalies increases by about 30%. Extratropical waves toward the tropical troposphere, which can alter convective activity, do not show a strong systematic variation during SSWs, and no significant association with convective activity is found if the sample size is large enough.