bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of internal and external resistances on desalination in microbial desalination cell
Authors: Rahman Sadik , Al-Mamun Abdullah , Jafary Tahereh , Alhimali Halima , Baawain Mahad Said 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The green and cost-effective nature of the microbial desalination cell (MDC) make it a promising alternative for future sustainable desalination. However, MDC suffers from a low desalination rate that inhibits it being commercialized. External resistance (Rext) is one of the factors that significantly affect the desalination rate in MDCs, which is still under debate. This research, for the first time, investigated the impact of Rext on MDCs with different internal resistance (Rint) of the system to discover the optimal range of Rext for efficient MDC performance. The results showed that the effect of Rext on desalination rate (2.52 mg/h) was quite low when the Rint of MDC was high (200 Ω). However, operating the MDC with a low Rint (67 Ω) significantly improved the desalination rate (9.85 mg/h) and current generation. When MDC was operated with a low Rint the effect of variable Rext on desalination and current generation was noticeable. Therefore, low Rint (67 Ω) MDC was used to select the optimum Rext when the optimal range was found to be Rext ≪ Rint, Rext &lt; Rint, Rext ≈ Rint (ranging from 1–69 Ω) to achieve the highest desalination rates (10.41–8.59 mg/h). The results showed the superior effect of Rint on desalination rate before selecting the optimal range of Rext in the outer circuit.
EDUCAÇÃO PROBLEMATIZADORA NAS AÇÕES DE INTEGRAÇÃO ENSINO-SERVIÇO E PROMOÇÃO À SAÚDE NOS TERRITÓRIOS
Authors: Christiane de Azevedo Machado Flávia , Da Silva Maria Eloiza , Bezerra Teles Mariana 
Published: April 2021

Introdução: A disciplina de Saúde e Cidadania (SACI) da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) preconiza, pelo Arco de Marguerez, a aprendizagem vivencial para oportunizar intervenções nos territórios onde a disciplina ocorre. Objetivo: Relatar experiências de ações de promoção à saúde realizadas em equipamentos sociais de um território adscrito a uma Unidade de Saúde da Família (USF) do Distrito Oeste do Município de Natal/RN entre Maio a Junho de 2018. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo sobre intervenções realizadas e planejadas por dinâmicas da SACI voltadas às demandas de sensibilizar crianças em idade pré-escolar sobre a importância da higiene; viabilizar recursos financeiros e alimentícios para uma associação beneficente; estimular o autoconhecimento e a autovalorização dos idosos para reduzir abusos intrafamiliares e depressão, e apreender o contexto familiar de crianças de 2 a 5 anos. Comtemplou-se essas demandas, respectivamente, com a realização de uma peça teatral e um bazar, ambos em Associação beneficente; exposição de filme e dinâmica “para quem você tira o chapéu?” na Associação de Idosos e realização de um sandplay (jogo de areia) em um Centro Municipal de Educação Infantil (CMEI). Resultados: O bazar arrecadou alimentos e produtos doados e o teatro de fantoches sensibilizou as crianças sobre o cuidado com higiene bucal e corporal. A atividade com idosos enalteceu importância da escuta, do incentivo às relações inter geracionais saudáveis para o crescimento mútuo dos envolvidos e o sandplay apresentou densa participação das crianças. Conclusões: As intervenções obtiveram resultado positivo, possibilitando sensibilização dos discentes para o cuidado à comunidade e estimulando habilidades de comunicação oral, corporal e empatia.
Palavras-Chave: Promoção da Saúde, Educação em Saúde, Atenção Primária à Saúde, Serviços de integração docente-assistencial.
Kolej w miejscowym planie zagospodarowania przestrzennego
Authors: Wieczorek Anna 
Published: April 2021

Chaos, w przepisach prawa i sposobie ich interpretacji, utrudnia sporządzanie miejscowych planów zagospodarowania przestrzennego, które dotyczą: przekształcania na inne cele gruntów będących w dyspozycji kolei, a zbędnych dla jej funkcjonowania, przy jednoczesnym zachowaniu istniejących linii kolejowych; terenów sąsiadujących z koleją. Na przykładzie wybranego miejscowego planu zagospodarowania przestrzennego i wyroku Wojewódzkiego Sądu Administracyjnego wykazano do jakich absurdów prowadzi istniejący system prawny. Jednym z podstawowych problemów jest używanie trzech pojęć, dotyczących gruntów związanych z koleją. Są to: tereny kolejowe, w rozumieniu rozporządzenia w sprawie ewidencji gruntów i budynków; tereny zamknięte ustalone przez ministra właściwego do spraw transportu, o których mowa w ustawie o planowaniu i zagospodarowaniu przestrzennym; obszar kolejowy, w rozumieniu ustawy o transporcie kolejowym. Zasugerowano zmiany przepisów, w tym eliminację przynajmniej jednego w ww. pojęć. Postulowane zmiany prawa powinny ułatwić sporządzanie planów miejscowych, co umożliwi kształtowanie przestrzeni miast i wsi na styku z koleją w sposób, który nie generuje konfliktów.
Development dilemmas of water transport of Mazovia
Authors: Wójcicki Tadeusz 
Published: April 2021

The Polish government conducts program works on the development of the E40 waterway along the Vistula and the Bug in accordance with the European Agreement on the main inland waterways of international importance (AGN). In light of the current investment practice, there is still a long way to go for the implementation of the E40 waterway in Mazovia, while the current findings of these programs and related study plans are at many points controversial. In this situation, this article aims to identify the weaknesses of these findings, indicate other ways to solve the already embarrassing decision-making situations (dilemmas), analyze and evaluate basic decision-making alternatives, and choose optimal solutions for Mazovia. The author has identified the following basic decision dilemmas: (0) Does a waterway network in Mazovia exist or not? (1) Whether to build this network or not? (2) Whether to reject the AGN Agreement or not? (3) Whether to build a network in full or limited spatial extent? (4) Whether to build following AGN or lower waterwaytechnical classes? (5) Whether to build against ecologists or in harmony with them? As a result of detailed analyzes and assessments, the author chose to solve these dilemmas, assuming (0) the lack of the waterway network in its current state, (1) undertaking the investment program for the construction of this network as satisfying the potential undisclosed demand in the field of water transport, (2) not rejecting the AGN Agreement as consistent with the long-term EU transport policy, (3) building the waterway network in the full spatial scope, (4) constructing a complete network in one step, i.e. at least Vb (2,80 m) class, as well as (5) creatingthis waterway network in agreement with ecologists. When adopting such design assumptions, a positive plan is outlined, which would involve, first of all, resigning from the existing plans to build the Vistula, Narew and Bug cascades as leading to the obtaining the waterways of undervalued classes IV and Va and to the right protests of ecologists, and secondly replacing the cascade with the construction of side shipping canalsof Vb (2,80 m) class or higher located within the broad valleys of the Vistula and the Narew but outside the most valuable natural areas of these valleys. In relation to the Bug waterway, the author prefers the course of the canal beyond the river valley through Wilga and Garwolin.
Caracterización de las unidades productivas del cultivo de kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus) en las provincias de Yungay, Huaylas y Carhuaz, en el departamento de Áncash, Perú
Authors: Mejía-Valvas Rhodes Leopoldo , Gómez-Pando Luz , Pinedo-Taco Rember 
Published: April 2021

El presente trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de caracterizar las unidades productivas de sistemas agrícolas en pequeña escala de kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus) en cinco comunidades de las provincias de Yungay, Huaylas y Carhuaz, región Áncash, Perú. La población muestra de las unidades de producción en estudio se determinó mediante un muestreo irrestricto aleatorio proporcional y estratificado. La información obtenida de fuentes primarias (encuestas y entrevistas) y secundarias se analizó agrupando variables cualitativas y cuantitativas, y utilizando técnicas estadísticas de análisis multidimensional. Se identificaron tres tipologías de productores que se asemejan al interior de cada grupo y, al mismo tiempo, presentan diferencias frente a otros grupos por la posesión de tierras, área sembrada de kiwicha, área sembrada de cultivo secundario e ingreso neto mensual. El primer grupo, compuesto por productores de minifundio con 0,42 ha de tierras cultivables, posee en promedio 0,14 ha de cultivo de kiwicha y 0,17 ha de un cultivo secundario; el segundo grupo, compuesto por pequeños productores con 0,53 ha de tierras disponibles para sus cultivos, cuentan con 0,30 ha de kiwicha y 0,43 ha de un cultivo secundario; el tercer grupo, compuesto por medianos productores, en promedio dispone de 6,13 ha de tierras, de los cuales 1,87 ha son de kiwicha y 0,63 ha son de cultivos secundarios. Los ingresos netos mensuales de los medianos productores con PEN 493,50 resultan mayores a los de los pequeños y los de minifundio en 176,52 % y 279,03 %, respectivamente.
Exploring Canadian Children’s Social Media Use, Digital Literacy, and Quality of Life: Pilot Cross-sectional Survey Study
Authors: Donelle Lorie , Facca Danica , Burke Shauna , Hiebert Bradley , Bender Emma , Ling Stephen 
Published: April 2021

Background
Understanding social media use and digital literacy among young Canadian children is an increasing area of concern, given the importance of digital inclusion for full and informed participation in evolving educational, civic, corporate, social, and economic spaces.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore internet and social media knowledge as well as social media use among Canadian children aged between 6 and 10 years.

Methods
We conducted interview surveys with 42 children aged between 6 and 10 years who participated in an after-school health promotion program in an urban community in Southwestern Ontario to understand their digital literacy skills and social media use. The data were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methods.

Results
Of the 42 children who participated in this study, 24 (57%) reported that they used social media, specifically YouTube (19/24, 79% reported use), Snapchat (16/24, 67% reported use), and Facebook (8/24, 33% reported use). While using social media, children reported sharing personal information, including videos or pictures of themselves (12/24, 50%), videos or pictures of others (8/24, 33%), and their birthday (12/24, 50%), whereas only one-third (9/24, 38%) of the children believed that only close family and friends had access to the content they shared. When reporting on the quality of life in the context of using social media, most (17/24, 71%) children never felt sad, half (12/24, 50%) never had difficulty making new friends, and nearly one-third (7/24, 30%) indicated that they never had difficulty wanting to play outside.

Conclusions
Owing to the rapidly evolving uptake and use of social media among young Canadians, the implementation of childhood digital health literacy education is vital to best support digital inclusion and well-being in Canada. The findings of our study highlight the need for future research to understand where children receive their digital literacy knowledge from and whether this knowledge is gained through self-directed social media use or observation from other actors, such as parents, siblings, or friends.
Descriptive Review of Online Information Resources for People With Stroke: Protocol for a Scoping Review
Authors: Inglis-Jassiem Gakeemah , Grimmer Karen , Conradie Thandi , Louw Quinette 
Published: April 2021

Background
People with stroke and their caregivers experience numerous information needs; internet-based resources may offer cost-effective ways to improve access to information about this condition and its management, including the availability of resources and support. The quality of online health information is, therefore, an important consideration for both developers and consumers of these online resources.

Objective
This study aims to map and evaluate the content, readability, understandability, design, and quality characteristics of freely available online information resources (ie, websites) that empower people with stroke and their caregivers with information and self-help strategies poststroke.

Methods
This descriptive review will follow the five systematic and rigorous methodological steps that are recommended for scoping reviews, which include the following: (1) identifying the research question, (2) identifying relevant studies, (3) selecting the studies, (4) charting the data, and (5) collating, summarizing, and reporting the results. Data will then be synthesized and analyzed thematically.

Results
As of February 2021, the scoping review is in the data extraction stage. Data will be synthesized, and the first results are expected to be submitted for publication in an open-access peer-reviewed journal in August 2021. In addition, we will develop an accessible summary of the results for stakeholder meetings. Ethical approval is not required for this review, as it will only include publicly available information.

Conclusions
This study is novel and will evaluate the typology, content, and design-related criteria, including accessibility, aesthetics, navigability, interactivity, privacy, and data protection, of online information resources for stroke. The review will be limited to online resources published in English.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/23174
Exploring the Role of Persuasive Design in Unguided Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Among Adults: Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Meta-regression
Authors: McCall Hugh C , Hadjistavropoulos Heather D , Sundström Christopher Richard Francis 
Published: April 2021

Background
Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) is an effective treatment that can overcome barriers to mental health care. Various research groups have suggested that unguided ICBT (ie, ICBT without therapist support) and other eHealth interventions can be designed to enhance user engagement and thus outcomes. The persuasive systems design framework captures most design recommendations for eHealth interventions, but there is little empirical evidence that persuasive design is related to clinical outcomes in unguided ICBT.

Objective
This study aims to provide an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of unguided ICBT for depression and anxiety, describe the frequency with which various persuasive design principles are used in such interventions, and use meta-regression to explore whether a greater number of persuasive design elements predicts efficacy in unguided ICBT for depression and anxiety.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review of 5 databases to identify randomized controlled trials of unguided ICBT for depression and anxiety. We conducted separate random effects meta-analyses and separate meta-regressions for depression and anxiety interventions. Each meta-regression included 2 steps. The first step included, as a predictor, whether each intervention was transdiagnostic. For the meta-regression of ICBT for depression, the first step also included the type of control condition. The number of persuasive design principles identified for each intervention was added as a predictor in the second step to reveal the additional variance in effect sizes explained by persuasive design.

Results
Of the 4471 articles we identified in our search, 46 (1.03%) were eligible for inclusion in our analyses. Our meta-analyses showed effect sizes (Hedges g) ranging from 0.22 to 0.31 for depression interventions, depending on the measures taken to account for bias in the results. We found a mean effect size of 0.45 (95% CI 0.33-0.56) for anxiety interventions, with no evidence that the results were inflated by bias. Included interventions were identified as using between 1 and 13 persuasive design principles, with an average of 4.95 (SD 2.85). The meta-regressions showed that a greater number of persuasive design principles predicted greater efficacy in ICBT for depression (R2 change=0.27; B=0.04; P=.02) but not anxiety (R2 change=0.05; B=0.03; P=.17).

Conclusions
These findings show wide variability in the use of persuasive design in unguided ICBT for depression and anxiety and provide preliminary support for the proposition that more persuasively designed interventions are more efficacious, at least in the treatment of depression. Further research is needed to clarify the role of persuasive design in ICBT.
An Imperative for the National Public Health School in Burkina Faso to Promote the Use of Information and Communication Technologies in Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Critical Analysis
Authors: Pilabré Arzouma Hermann , Ngangue Patrice , Barro Abibata , Pafadnam Yacouba 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundSeveral studies have reported the positive impact of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on academic performance and outcomes. Although some equipment is available, the ICTs for education at the National Public Health School (NPHS) of Burkina Faso have many shortcomings. These shortcomings were clearly revealed during the search for responses to the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Indeed, to curb the spread of COVID-19, some measures were taken, such as closure of educational institutions. This resulted in a 2.5-month suspension of educational activities. Despite its willingness, the NPHS was unable to use ICTs to continue teaching during the closure period of educational institutions.ObjectiveIn this paper, we aim to propose practical solutions to promote ICT use in teaching at the NPHS by analyzing the weaknesses and challenges related to its use.MethodsWe conducted a critical analysis based on information from the gray literature of NPHS. This critical analysis was preceded by a review of systematic reviews on barriers and facilitating factors to using ICTs in higher education and a systematic review of ICT use during the COVID-19 pandemic in higher education. An ICT integration model and a clustering of ICT integration factors guided the analysis.ResultsThe weaknesses and challenges identified relate to the infrastructure and equipment for the use of ICTs in pedagogical situations in face-to-face and distance learning; training of actors, namely the teachers and students; availability of qualified resource persons and adequate and specific financial resources; motivation of teachers; and stage of use of ICTs.ConclusionsTo promote the use of ICTs in teaching at the NPHS, actions must be performed to strengthen the infrastructure and equipment, human resources, the skills of actors and the motivation of teachers in the pedagogical use of ICTs.
Usability Testing of a Digital Assessment Routing Tool: Protocol for an Iterative Convergent Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Lowe Cabella , Hanuman Sing Harry , Browne Mitchell , Alwashmi Meshari F , Marsh William , Morrissey Dylan 
Published: April 2021

Background
Musculoskeletal conditions account for 16% of global disability, resulting in a negative effect on millions of patients and an increasing burden on health care utilization. Digital technologies that improve health care outcomes and efficiency are considered a priority; however, innovations are often inadequately developed and poorly adopted. Further, they are rarely tested with sufficient rigor in clinical trials—the gold standard for clinical proof of efficacy. We have developed a new musculoskeletal Digital Assessment Routing Tool (DART) that allows users to self-assess and be directed to the right care. DART requires usability testing in preparation for clinical trials.

Objective
This study will use the iterative convergent mixed methods design to assess and mitigate all serious usability issues to optimize user experience and adoption. Using this methodology, we will provide justifiable confidence to progress to full-scale randomized controlled trials when DART is integrated into clinical management pathways. This study protocol will provide a blueprint for future usability studies of mobile health solutions.

Methods
We will collect qualitative and quantitative data from 20-30 participants aged 18 years and older for 4 months. The exact number of participants recruited will be dependent on the number of iterative cycles required to reach the study end points. Building on previous internal testing and stakeholder involvement, quantitative data collection is defined by the constructs within the ISO 9241-210-2019 standard and the system usability scale, providing a usability score for DART. Guided by the participant responses to quantitative questioning, the researcher will focus the qualitative data collection on specific usability problems. These will then be graded to provide the rationale for further DART system improvements throughout the iterative cycles.

Results
This study received approval from the Queen Mary University of London Ethics of Research Committee (QMREC2018/48/048) on June 4, 2020. At manuscript submission, study recruitment was on-going, with data collection to be completed and results published in 2021.

Conclusions
This study will provide evidence concerning mobile health DART system usability and acceptance determining system improvements required to support user adoption and minimize suboptimal system usability as a potential confounder within subsequent noninferiority clinical trials. Success should produce a safe effective system with excellent usability, facilitating quicker and easier patient access to appropriate care while reducing the burden on primary and secondary care musculoskeletal services. This deliberately rigorous approach to mobile health innovation could be used as a guide for other developers of similar apps.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/27205