bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interfacial Embedding of Laser‐Manufactured Fluorinated Gold Clusters Enabling Stable Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency Over 24%
Authors: Guo Pengfei , Zhu Hongfu , Zhao Wenhao , Liu Chen , Zhu Liguo , Ye Qian , Jia Ning , Wang Hongyue , Zhang Xiuhai , Huang Wanxia , Vinokurov Vladimir A. , Ivanov Evgenii , Shchukin Dmitry , Harvey Daniel , Ulloa Jose María , Hierro Adrian , Wang Hongqiang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTackling the interfacial loss in emerged perovskite‐based solar cells (PSCs) to address synchronously the carrier dynamics and the environmental stability, has been of fundamental and viable importance, while technological hurdles remain in not only creating such interfacial mediator, but the subsequent interfacial embedding in the active layer. This article reports a strategy of interfacial embedding of hydrophobic fluorinated‐gold‐clusters (FGCs) for highly efficient and stable PSCs. The p‐type semiconducting feature enables the FGC efficient interfacial mediator to improve the carrier dynamics by reducing the interfacial carrier transfer barrier and boosting the charge extraction at grain boundaries. The hydrophobic tails of the gold clusters and the hydrogen bonding between fluorine groups and perovskite favor the enhancement of environmental stability. Benefiting from these merits, highly efficient formamidinium lead iodide PSCs (champion efficiency up to 24.02%) with enhanced phase stability under varied relative humidity (RH) from 40% to 95%, as well as highly efficient mixed‐cation PSCs with moisture stability (RH of 75%) over 10 000 h are achieved. It is thus inspiring to advance the development of highly efficient and stable PSCs via interfacial embedding laser‐generated additives for improved charge transfer/extraction and environmental stability.
2D Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite with Ordered Phase Distribution for High‐Performance Self‐Powered Photodetectors
Authors: Min Liangliang , Tian Wei , Cao Fengren , Guo Jun , Li Liang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites exhibit great potential in optoelectronic devices for superior stability compared with their 3D counterparts. However, to achieve a high level of device performance, it is crucial but challenging to regulate the phase distribution of 2D perovskites to facilitate charge carrier transfer. Herein, using a solvent additive method (adding a small amount of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF)) combined with a hot‐casting process, the phase distribution of (PEA)2MA3Pb4I13 (PEA+ = C6H5CH2CH2NH3+, MA+ = CH3NH3+) perovskite can be well controlled and the Fermi level of perovskites along the film thickness direction can achieve gradient distribution. The increased built‐in potential, oriented crystal, and improved crystal quality jointly contribute to the high photoresponse of devices in the entire response spectrum range. The optimum device exhibits a characteristic detection peak at 570 nm with large responsivity/detectivity (0.44 A W−1/3.38 × 1012 Jones), ultrafast response speed with a rise/fall time of 20.8/20.6 µs, and improved stability. This work suggests the possibility of manipulating the ordered phase distribution of 2D perovskites toward high‐performance and stable optoelectronic conversion devices.
An Ultra‐Low‐Temperature Elastomer with Excellent Mechanical Performance and Solvent Resistance
Authors: Ma Qiang , Liao Shenglong , Ma Yingchao , Chu Yanji , Wang Yapei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractElastomers presenting good elasticity, ductility, and chemical resistance at low temperatures can serve as superior performers for explorations in extremely cold environments. However, no commercially available elastomer to date can comprehensively fulfill those demands. Here, a perfluoropolyether (PFPE)‐based network crosslinked by dynamic urethane chemistry is demonstrated, which may satisfy the demands of application in ultracold environments. As the crucial constitute in such a crosslinked network, PFPE provides the elastomer with excellent elasticity at a temperature down to −110 °C and outstanding ductility within the cryogenic temperature range. Importantly, the high proportion of fluorocarbon segment also provides wonderful compatibility to most organic solvents, accounting for the low‐swelling characteristics of the elastomer in sealing applications. Furthermore, the dynamic crosslinking feature allows the cured elastomer to be reprocessed like thermoplastic polymers, which affords great promise to recycle and reuse the elastomer after its disposal. Inherently, this elastomer would inspire a worldwide interest in the design of elastic devices that are adaptable to extremely low temperature.
Significant Improvements in Dielectric Constant and Energy Density of Ferroelectric Polymer Nanocomposites Enabled by Ultralow Contents of Nanofillers
Authors: Li Li , Cheng Jingsai , Cheng Yunyun , Han Ting , Liu Yang , Zhou Yao , Zhao Guanghui , Zhao Yan , Xiong Chuanxi , Dong Lijie , Wang Qing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPolymer dielectrics with excellent processability and high breakdown strength (Eb) enable the development of high‐energy‐density capacitors. Although the improvement of dielectric constant (K) of polymer dielectric has been realized by adding high‐K inorganic fillers with high contents (>10 vol%), this approach faces significant challenges in scalable film processing. Here, the incorporation of ultralow ratios (<1 vol%) of low‐K Cd1−xZnxSe1−ySy nanodots into a ferroelectric polymer is reported. The polymer composites exhibit substantial and concurrent increase in both K and Eb, yielding a discharged energy density of 26.0 J cm−3, outperforming the current dielectric polymers and nanocomposites measured at ≤600 MV m−1. The observed unconventional dielectric enhancement is attributed to the structural changes induced by the nanodot fillers, including transformation of polymer chain conformation and induced interfacial dipoles, which have been confirmed by density function theory calculations. The dielectric model established in this work addresses the limitations of the current volume‐average models on the polymer composites with low filler contents and gives excellent agreement to the experimental results. This work provides a new experimental route to scalable high‐energy‐density polymer dielectrics and also advances the fundamental understanding of the dielectric behavior of polymer nanocomposites at atomistic scales.
Precipitation Hardening in Ferroelectric Ceramics
Authors: Zhao Changhao , Gao Shuang , Yang Tiannan , Scherer Michael , Schultheiß Jan , Meier Dennis , Tan Xiaoli , Kleebe Hans‐Joachim , Chen Long‐Qing , Koruza Jurij , Rödel Jürgen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDomain wall motion in ferroics, similar to dislocation motion in metals, can be tuned by well‐concepted microstructural elements. In demanding high‐power applications of piezoelectric materials, the domain wall motion is considered as a lossy hysteretic mechanism that should be restricted. Current applications for so‐called hard piezoelectrics are abundant and hinge on the use of an acceptor‐doping scheme. However, this mechanism features severe limitations due to enhanced mobility of oxygen vacancies at moderate temperatures. By analogy with metal technology, the authors present here a new solution for electroceramics, where precipitates are utilized to pin domain walls and improve piezoelectric properties. Through a sequence of sintering, nucleation, and precipitate growth, intragranular precipitates leading to a fine domain structure are developed as shown by transmission electron microscopy, piezoresponse force microscopy, and phase‐field simulation. This structure impedes the domain wall motion as elucidated by electromechanical characterization. As a result, the mechanical quality factor is increased by ≈50% and the hysteresis in electrostrain is suppressed considerably. This is even achieved with slightly increased piezoelectric coefficient and electromechanical coupling factor. This novel process can be smoothly implemented in industrial production processes and is accessible to simple laboratory experimentation for microstructure optimization and implementation in various ferroelectric systems.
Ordered Macroporous Carbonous Frameworks Implanted with CdS Quantum Dots for Efficient Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Wang Fengliang , Hou Tingting , Zhao Xin , Yao Wen , Fang Ruiqi , Shen Kui , Li Yingwei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSolar‐driven photocatalytic CO2 reduction is regarded as a promising way to simultaneously mitigate the energy crisis and CO2 pollution. However, achieving high efficiency of photocatalytic CO2 reduction, especially without the assistance of sacrifice reagents or extra alkaline additives, remains a critical issue. Herein, a photocatalyst of 3D ordered macroporous N‐doped carbon (NC) supported CdS quantum dots (3DOM CdSQD/NC) is successfully fabricated toward photocatalytic CO2 reduction via an in situ transformation strategy. Additionally, an amines oxidation reaction is introduced to replace the H2O oxidation process to further boost the photocatalytic CO2 reduction efficiency. Impressively, 3DOM CdSQD/NC exhibits superior activity and selectivity in photocatalytic CO2 reduction coupled with amines oxidation, affording a CO production rate as high as 5210 µmol g−1 h−1 in the absence of any sacrificial agents and alkaline additives. Moreover, 3DOM CdSQD/NC achieves an apparent quantum efficiency of 2.9% at 450 nm. Mechanism studies indicate that the 3D ordered macropores in the NC matrix are beneficial to the transfer of photogenerated carriers. Furthermore, the highly dispersed CdS QDs on the NC skeleton are able to significantly promote the adsorption of both CO2 and amine molecules and depress the CO2 activation energy barriers by stabilizing the *COOH intermediate, directly contributing to the high activity.
Molecular Alignment of Homoleptic Iridium Phosphors in Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Jung Moon Chul , Facendola John , Kim Jongchan , Muthiah Ravinson Daniel Sylvinson , Djurovich Peter I. , Forrest Stephen R. , Thompson Mark E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe orientation of facial (fac) tris‐cyclometalated iridium complexes in doped films prepared by vacuum deposition is investigated by altering the physical shape and electronic asymmetry in the molecular structure. Angle‐dependent photoluminescence spectroscopy and Fourier‐plane imaging microscopy show that the orientation of roughly spherical fac‐tris(2‐phenylpyridyl)iridium (Ir(ppy)3) is isotropic, whereas complexes that are oblate spheroids, fac‐tris(mesityl‐2‐phenyl‐1H‐imidazole)iridium (Ir(mi)3) and fac‐tris((3,5‐dimethyl‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4‐yl)‐2‐phenyl‐1H‐imidazole)iridium (Ir(mip)3), have a net horizontal alignment of their transition dipole moments. Optical anisotropy factors of 0.26 and 0.15, respectively, are obtained from the latter complexes when doped into tris(4‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)phenyl)amine host thin films. The horizontal alignment is attributed to the favorable van der Waals interaction between the oblate Ir complexes and host material. Trifluoromethyl groups substituted on one polar face of the Ir(ppy)3 and Ir(mi)3 complexes introduce chemical asymmetries in the molecules at the expense of their oblate shapes. The anisotropy factors of films doped with these substituted derivatives are lower relative to the parent complexes, indicating that the fluorinated patches reinforce horizontal alignment during deposition. High efficiencies obtained from organic light emitting diodes prepared using the Ir dopants is attributed, in part, to improved outcoupling of electroluminescence brought about by molecular alignment.
High‐Resolution Imaging of Human Viruses in Liquid Droplets
Authors: Jonaid GM , Dearnaley William J. , Casasanta Michael A. , Kaylor Liam , Berry Samantha , Dukes Madeline J. , Spilman Michael S. , Gray Jennifer L. , Kelly Deborah F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLiquid‐phase electron microscopy (LP‐EM) is an exciting new area in the materials imaging field, providing unprecedented views of molecular processes. Time‐resolved insights from LP‐EM studies are a strong complement to the remarkable results achievable with other high‐resolution techniques. Here, the opportunities to expand LP‐EM technology beyond 2D temporal assessments and into the 3D regime are described. The results show new structures and dynamic insights of human viruses contained in minute volumes of liquid while acquired in a rapid timeframe. To develop this strategy, adeno‐associated virus (AAV) is used as a model system. AAV is a well‐known gene therapy vehicle with current applications involving drug delivery and vaccine development for COVID‐19. Improving the understanding of the physical properties of biological entities in a liquid state, as maintained in the human body, has broad societal implications for human health and disease.
Titania‐Supported Ni2P/Ni Catalysts for Selective Solar‐Driven CO Hydrogenation
Authors: Li Zhenhua , Zhang Xin , Liu Jinjia , Shi Run , Waterhouse Geoffrey I.N. , Wen Xiao‐Dong , Zhang Tierui 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSolar‐driven Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) holds great potential for the sustainable production of fuels from syngas and solar energy. However, the selectivity toward multi‐carbon products (C2+) is often hampered by the difficulty in the regulation of transition metals acting as both light absorption units and active sites. Herein, a partial phosphidation strategy to prepare titania supported Ni2P/Ni catalysts for photothermal FTS is demonstrated. Under Xenon lamp or concentrated sunlight irradiation, the optimized catalyst shows a C2+ selectivity of 70% at a CO conversion of >20%. Conversely, nickel metal in the absence of Ni2P delivers negligible C2+ products (≈1%) with methane being the major product (>90%). Structural characterization and density functional theory calculation reveal that the partial phosphidation allows exposed metallic Ni to be active for CO adsorption and activation, while the existence of Ni2P/Ni interface is responsible to inhibit CO methanation and promote C–C coupling of adsorbed *CH intermediates. This work introduces a novel phosphidation strategy for nickel‐based photothermal catalysts in efficiently harnessing solar energy, and regulating the reaction pathways for CO hydrogenation to deliver high value products.
The impact of different soil water levels on nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium uptake, photosynthetic performance, and sugar distribution of sago palm seedlings
Authors: Azhar Aidil , Audia Fitri , Asano Koki , Makihara Daigo , Naito Hitoshi , Sugiura Daisuke , Ehara Hiroshi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnder high soil water levels, an imbalance occurs in the utilization of photosynthate between supporting vegetative growth and storage as starch. This results in a reduction in the density of dry matter in the stem and increased plant size. On the other hand, biomass yield and starch yield are considered to be low. This study examined the response of sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) seedlings to 50 and 80% soil water levels. To determine the response of the plant, several parameters were observed during the experiment: N, P, and K uptake, leaf photosynthesis, plant morphological growth, and sugar content in plants. It was found that the sago palm was able to show good growth performance under both 50 and 80% soil water levels. However, 50% soil water level is preferable due to trends in N, P, and K uptake, leaf photosynthetic rate, morphological growth performance, and also because no loss of starch is evident in the petiole or root.
Thermodynamic measurement and modeling of hydrate dissociation for CO2/refrigerant + sucrose/fructose/glucose solutions
Authors: Doubra Parisa , Hassanalizadeh Rasoul , Naidoo Paramespri , Ramjugernath Deresh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHydrate dissociation conditions were studied for the CO2/refrigerant + sucrose/fructose/glucose solution systems as a continuation of previous work into alternate separation technologies for the sugar manufacturing industries. Experimental data were measured following the isochoric pressure method for the CO2 + sucrose/fructose solution systems. The refrigerants studied for the modeling purpose were R410a, R507, R134a, and R22 using literature data. The pressure and temperature ranges for the experimental data measured here were (1.80–4.10) MPa and (276.6–282.6) K, respectively, with solutions measured in the composition range between 0 to 0.40 mass fraction sucrose and fructose. Several models following the Van der Waals–Platteeuw solid solution theory were developed to predict the hydrate dissociation conditions of CO2/fluorinated refrigerant in the presence of sucrose/fructose/glucose solutions. The modeling results provide a satisfactory representation of the experimental data, with AARD(P) % model errors in the overall range between 0.03% and 4.40%.
Psychiatric phenotypes associated with hyperprolinemia: A systematic review
Authors: Namavar Yasmin , Duineveld Denise Joanne , Both Geertje Ingena Angelique , Fiksinski Ania Maria , Vorstman Jacob Abraham Schrey , Verhoeven‐Duif Nanda Margriet , Zinkstok Janneke Rozemarijn 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHyperprolinemia Type I and II are genetic metabolic disorders caused by disrupted proline degradation. It has been suggested that hyperprolinemia is associated with increased risk of developmental and mental disorders but detailed information on the psychiatric phenotype in hyperprolinemic patients is limited. Following PRISMA guidelines, we carried out a systematic review to clarify psychiatric phenotypes in patients with hyperprolinemia. We screened 1753 studies and included 35 for analysis, including 20 case reports and 15 case–control and cohort studies. From these studies, a common psychiatric phenotype is observed with a high prevalence of developmental delay, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, and psychosis spectrum disorders. In most cases, a genetic cause of hyperprolinemia was known, these included mutations in thePRODHandALDH4A1genes and deletions of chromosome 22q11.2. No evidence for a biochemical phenotype‐clinical phenotype correlation was found; that is, no association between higher proline levels and specific psychiatric phenotypes was observed. This suggests that genomic and environmental factors are likely to contribute to clinical outcomes. More studies are needed to clarify whether hyperprolinemia is a primary causal factor underlying the increased risk of developing psychiatric disorders seen in patients with hyperprolinemia, or whether hyperprolinemia and psychiatric disorders are both consequences of a shared underlying mechanism.
An Efficient Approach to Access 2,2‐Diarylanilines via Visible‐Light‐Promoted Decarboxylative Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Luo Cong , Zhou Tongyao , Wang Wei , Han Pan , Jing Linhai 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA straightforward protocol for the visible‐light‐promoted decarboxylative 1,6‐conjugate addition of N‐aryl glycines to para‐quinone methides under transition‐metal‐free conditions is disclosed. This method provides scalable and efficient access to 2,2‐diarylanilines with biological and pharmacologic potential in good to excellent yields (39 examples, up to 97% yield). The synthetic utility of this work has been illustrated in the efficient synthesis of 3‐substituted indoline.
Retro‐odontoid pseudotumor with uncommon presentation of cervical spine injury
Authors: Kikuta Shota , Ishihara Satoshi , Yagata Yukihisa , Matsuyama Shigenari , Nakayama Shinichi 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundWe report the first case of retro‐odontoid pseudotumor with an isolated symptom of C2–C3 dysesthesia triggered by a traumatic event.Case PresentationAn 86‐year‐old man, who was a wood craftsman for more than 50 years, presented to the emergency room with sudden‐onset severe posterior head and neck dysesthesia after accidentally falling backward. No neurological impairment of the extremities was noted. Computed tomography revealed a C2–C7 osteophyte formation, mainly in front of the vertebral bodies. Moreover, magnetic resonance imaging showed cervical spinal cord compression by a soft tissue mass posterior to the odontoid process of the axis. Therefore, we diagnosed a cervical spine injury with an isolated symptom of C2–C3 dysesthesia due to a retro‐odontoid pseudotumor. He did not undergo surgical intervention and was transferred to a rehabilitation hospital on day 11 for pain control.ConclusionOur report could be useful to emergency physicians dealing with similar cases of cervical symptoms following trauma.
Epidemiology of anaphylaxis and biphasic reaction in Japanese children
Authors: Ikegawa Kento , Morikawa Emi , Nigo Ayako , Hataya Hiroshi , Akasawa Akira 
Published: July 2021

AimAnaphylaxis is common, but can sometimes be fatal. However, data on the epidemiology and characteristics of anaphylaxis are limited. Although 0.9%–14.7% of anaphylactic reactions in children are biphasic, it is unclear what the characteristics of biphasic reaction are and how long patients with this reaction should be observed. The present study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of anaphylaxis and biphasic reactions and identify the characteristics of the latter.MethodsWe conducted an observational study of patients who visited the pediatric emergency department (PED) and were hospitalized for anaphylaxis between March 2010 and March 2017.ResultsOf the 264,689 children who visited our PED, 353 (1.3 per 1,000 patient) were hospitalized for anaphylaxis, and six (1.7%) had a biphasic reaction. Of the patients with a biphasic reaction, the median time from initial anaphylaxis to the biphasic reaction was 5.9 (interquartile range [IQR] = 3.3–7.6) hours. Symptoms of the initial episode and the biphasic reaction varied. One (0.3%) of the 353 patients developed a clinically important biphasic reaction that required epinephrine administration.ConclusionsThe rate of biphasic reactions was 1.7%, and that of clinically important biphasic reactions was 0.3%. Patients with anaphylaxis need to be carefully monitored because of the regular occurrence of biphasic reactions.
Chirality Switching in Ferromagnetic Nanostructures Via Nanosecond Electric Pulses
Authors: Aldulaimi W. A. S. , Akaoglu C. , Sendur K. , Okatan M. B. , Misirlioglu I. B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe stability of magnetism in reduced dimensions has become a major scientific agenda in the pursuit of implementing magnetic nanostructures as functional components in spintronic devices. Methods to probe and control magnetization states of such structures in a deterministic manner include use of spin polarized currents, photon absorption, and relatively recently, electric fields that tailor magnetoelectric coupling in multiferroic based structures. In theory, a short electric pulse is able to generate localized magnetic fields that can couple to the local magnetic dipoles electrodynamically. Here, using the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert formalism of magnetism dynamics combined with continuum Maxwell relations, the response of a ferromagnetic permalloy nanodisc to nanosecond electric field pulses is studied. The dynamics of the magnetic order of the nanodiscs during this process are examined and discussed. Ferromagnet nanodiscs, when below a critical size and in the absence of any external field, relax to a vortex phase as the ground state due to the demagnetizing field. Simulations demonstrate that the planar chirality of such a ferromagnet nanodisc can be switched via a time‐wise asymmetric electric field pulse on the order of a few ns duration that generates radially varying tangential magnetic fields. These fields couple to the vortex state of the nanodisc ferromagnet electrodynamically, revealing an effective and robust method to control chirality.