bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual modality neutron and x-ray tomography for enhanced image analysis of the bone-metal interface
Authors: Törnquist Elin , Le Cann Sophie , Tudisco Erika , Tengattini Alessandro , Andò Edward , Lenoir Nicolas , Hektor Johan , Raina Deepak Bushan , Tägil Magnus , Hall Stephen A , Isaksson Hanna 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The bone tissue formed at the contact interface with metallic implants, particularly its 3D microstructure, plays a pivotal role for the structural integrity of implant fixation. X-ray tomography is the classical imaging technique used for accessing microstructural information from bone tissue. However, neutron tomography has shown promise for visualising the immediate bone-metal implant interface, something which is highly challenging with x-rays due to large differences in attenuation between metal and biological tissue causing image artefacts. To highlight and explore the complementary nature of neutron and x-ray tomography, proximal rat tibiae with titanium-based implants were imaged with both modalities. The two techniques were compared in terms of visualisation of different material phases and by comparing the properties of the individual images, such as the contrast-to-noise ratio. After superimposing the images using a dedicated image registration algorithm, the complementarity was further investigated via analysis of the dual modality histogram, joining the neutron and x-ray data. From these joint histograms, peaks with well-defined grey value intervals corresponding to the different material phases observed in the specimens were identified and compared. The results highlight differences in how neutrons and x-rays interact with biological tissues and metallic implants, as well as the benefits of combining both modalities. Future refinement of the joint histogram analysis could improve the segmentation of structures and tissues, and yield novel information about specimen-specific properties such as moisture content.
Ion dynamics in capacitively coupled argon–xenon discharges
Authors: Klich M , Wilczek S , Janssen J F J , Brinkmann R P , Mussenbrock T , Trieschmann J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
An argon–xenon (Ar/Xe) plasma is used as a model system for complex plasmas. Based on this system, symmetric low-pressure capacitively coupled radiofrequency discharges are examined utilizing particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collisions simulations. In addition to the simulation, an analytical energy balance model fed with the simulation data is applied to analyze the findings further. This work focuses on investigating the ion dynamics in a plasma with two ion species and a gas mixture as background. By varying the gas composition and driving voltage of the single-frequency discharge, fundamental mechanics of the discharge, such as the evolution of the plasma density and the energy dispersion, are discussed. Thereby, close attention is paid to these measures’ influence on the ion energy distribution functions at the electrode surfaces. The results show that both the gas composition and the driving voltage can significantly impact the ion dynamics. The mixing ratio of argon to xenon allows for shifting the distribution function for one ion species from collisionless to collision dominated. The mixing ratio serves as a control parameter for the ion flux and the impingement energy of ions at the surfaces. Additionally, a synergy effect between the ionization of argon and the ionization of xenon is found and discussed.
Recent progress of scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy study of Majorana bound states in the FeTe0.55Se0.45 superconductor
Authors: Li Geng , Zhu Shiyu , Wang Dongfei , Wang Yeliang , Gao Hong-Jun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Majorana bound states (MBSs) are spatially-localized zero-energy quasiparticles following non-Abelian braiding statistics that hold a great promise for fault-tolerant topological quantum computing. Different platforms have been designed to realize the MBSs in condensed matter, including semiconducting nanowire in proximity to conventional superconductors, superconductor-topological insulator layered heterostructures, 1D atomic chains on superconducting surface. Recently, iron-based superconductors have emerged as a new platform for studying Majorana zero mode. A sharp zero-bias peak inside a vortex core that does not split when moving away from the center is observed by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) in FeTe0.55Se0.45. This zero-energy mode is assigned to the MBS. In this topic review, we present an overview of the recent experimental works of STM studies on the MBS. We start with the STM identification of MBSs in the vortices in FeTe0.55Se0.45 and discuss the advantages FeTe0.55Se0.45 compared with other platforms. We then review the topological origin of the MBS and discuss the reason why the MBS is not seen in every single vortex. We also review the recently observed nearly quantized conductance plateau feature of the MBS owing to its particle–antiparticle equivalence. Finally, we give perspective on future experimental works in this field, where the next important steps towards braiding of MBS can be expected.
Measuring the primordial gravitational wave background in the presence of other stochastic signals
Authors: Poletti D. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Standard methodologies for the extraction of the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) from auto- or cross-correlation of interferometric signals often involve the use of a filter function.
The standard optimal filter maximizes the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) between the total SGWB and the noise.
We derive expressions for the optimal filter and SNR in the presence of a target SGWB plus other unwanted components. We also generalize the methodology to the case of template-free reconstruction.
The formalism allows to easily perform analyses and forecasts that marginalize over foreground signals, such as the typical ΩGW∝ f2/3 background arising from binary coalescence.
We demonstrate the methodology with the LISA mission and discuss possible extensions and domains of application.
Impurity behaviour in JET-ILW plasmas fuelled with gas and/or with pellets: a comparative study with the transport code COREDIV
Authors: Telesca G. , Ivanova-Stanik I. , Perez von Thun Ch. , Aleiferis S. , Brezinsek S. , Chomiczewska A. , Huber A. , Kowalska-Strzeciwilk E. , Pawelec E. , Sertoli M. , Zagórski R. , Contributors JET 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study deals with the comparison of impurity behaviour in pellet and gas fuelled JET-ITER like wall pulses with the aim of finding the mechanisms leading to the generally observed higher concentration of tungsten in pellet fuelled plasmas. In fact, tungsten is the main high-Z impurity in the JET-ILW plasmas and is responsible for most of the radiative losses in the plasma core. Analysis of the experimental data pertaining to pulses at different plasma currents, different input power and different electron densities is integrated by numerical modelling with the self-consistent fluid transport code COREDIV. Experimentally, and numerically, the ratio between the radiated power in the divertor and the total one—which results to be an increasing function of the ratio of the electron density at the strike point to the volume average one—is found to be a critical parameter determining impurity accumulation. The higher this value the lower the impurity density in the plasma core. Together with a little higher core impurity residence time, the numerical modelling indicates that the modest divertor screening for the pellet fuelled pulses at low electron flow—characterized by low electron density at the strike point and low perpendicular transport in the SOL—leads to divertor impurity leakage and higher impurity fluxes through the separatrix, in agreement with theory.
Features of the implementation of artificial intelligence and digital technologies in industrial production: promising directions and modern trends in automation
Authors: Malikov V N , Kunigina L V , Munister V D , Zolkin A L , Varshavskij V R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The article discusses the problems of optimizing the work of modern industrial production, promising areas of automation, the industrial Internet of things. The author’s principle of optimizing the operation of automated systems through a number of promising technologies is described: a model of an improved abstract executor and distributed computing, modern machine learning tools. The application of information security methods in ensuring the search for the optimal connection between objects and subjects of an automated control system is given. The economic and technological significance and role of the potential described and considered implementations are formalized.
Autogenerating method of the polycarbonate glasses piezoelectric voltage measurement
Authors: Bobina E A , Kuklin V A , Danilaev M P 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The autogenerating method of polycarbonate piezoelectric voltage measurement is considered in the article, and the schematic diagram models of autogenerators are given. By use of simulation was determined that the most appropriate frequency range of autogenerators according to the Klapp scheme is 4÷9 MHz with subsequent separation of their beat signal. The carried out experimental studies have confirmed the adequacy of the modeling and have shown that frequency stability of ∼ 10−2 is sufficient to control the ultimate strength of monolithic polycarbonate glasses.
Animated mixed reality models for teaching solid state physics
Authors: Zakharov P V , Kataeva A S , Safronova S A , Markidonov A V , Eremin A M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The article deals with the preparation of animated content for mixed reality systems in solid state physics. The main obstacle to the mass adoption of these technologies is the complexity of model development. Here we have proposed one of the possible ways to simplify the creation of three-dimensional models for a course in solid state physics. In turn, the volumetric model can be supplemented with animated effects, which will provide greater interactivity and information content of the processes and phenomena under consideration. The proposed scheme is used to create models for the preparation of future physics teachers both in the process of teaching physics and directly for developing models. A survey was conducted among students about the complexity of developing such models. The results obtained testify in favor of the use of such methods both in teaching physics itself and in forming a base of models.
Analytical model of the inductor system of the device to prevent ice formation on power lines
Authors: Livshits A V , Ratushnyak Valentina S , Ratushnyak Viktor S , Novikov P V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The article describes the analytical model of the magnetic-pulsed electromechanical energy converter in relation to the device for preventing ice formation on power lines. The inductor system of the device is a flat inductor and a firing pin made of electrically conductive material. The mobility of both the firing pin, and also the inductor is due to the attachment of the device to the pair of power line wires. This feature, in contrast to the fixed position of the inductor traditionally used, required the development of the universal design scheme for the electrodynamic interaction of the inductor and the firing pin. The proposed analytical model takes into account the forces of resistance to the motion of the inductor system caused by the presence of the elastic return mechanisms in the device and attachment to the power line wire, which is a body with a distributed mass. The developed analytical model was tested. The calculation of the device parameters for the transmission line span with the specified mass-dimensional characteristics was performed.
Cyber-production avatar
Authors: Gurjanov A V , Shukalov A V , Zharinov I O , Zharinov O O 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
To prognosticate a crisis in the small and medium entrepreneurship engaged in technological product manufacturing may lead to creation function expandable platform to control a cyber-production. A cyber-production is a separate technological aggregate physically isolated as a device class. A cyber-production avatar is a system administrator to control the control modes and inter-machinery interaction. The cyber-production technical park area provides the item manufacturing from the idea to a serial sample. To control aggregates within being regulated parameters, which is normally done through the production office functioning center requires from the avatar strong technology and cyber-tools grasp. The labor functions are defined as much as cyber-production operator requirements as an Industry 4.0 worker. The working conditions and system of labor relationships are defined, which are valid for the Industry 4.0 cyber-production as an employer 4.0.
Metrologist – a profession of now and future days
Authors: Priimak E V , Razina I S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The profession of metrologist will be in demand as long as there are measuring systems and processes in the world. ATMs, electricity meters, scales, radars, medical devices – all this is an integral part of our life today. And a metrologist, an expert in the measurement and control of all these systems, will always be needed. Moreover, all over the world, and in Russia in particular, there is a process of global automation of production. This suggests that many highly qualified specialists will no longer be in demand and metrologists, on the contrary, will become even more relevant. Preparation of metrologists should meet modern trends. In order to coordinate the requests of all market participants, the transition to professional standards is carried out. Young people will be able to choose a profession based on the use of professional standards, plan training and professional career; educational institutions will be able to form training programs that meet the needs of the market; and employers will be able to get competent specialists.
Changing the pulse duration of a PWM as a means of improving the quality of the ACS regulation using ANN
Authors: Dementev D A , Pomogaev A S , Krasnenko D M , Shtylenko A S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates the influence of the pulse width modulator on the quality of the automatic control system. The approach to the study of ACS using real technical means of automation has been described. A comprehensive study using different structures of neuron connections of the neuroregulator is carried out. The dynamics of changes of quality indicators of the ACS regulation when the object parameters change towards increasing and decreasing inertia is considered together with it. The research results for each of the configurations are plotted. The values of the control quality parameters are tabulated for further comparison of the configurations’ efficiency.
Theoretical background for simulation of physical processes in the interfacial layer “solid-liquid”
Authors: Ignatyev A A , Gotovtsev V M , Razgovorov P B 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The paper considers the model of “solid-liquid” interfacial layer represented as a tensor of interfacial stresses by a tensor of molecular pressure. It assumes that the constant density of the medium within the interfacial layer taking into account the low compressibility of fluids. This made it possible to determine the distribution of pressure along the layer thickness. The research shows that if the wetting is adequate, the pressure on the solid wall is considerably higher than the pressure in the liquid volume phase. It has been established that to provide meniscus equilibrium conditions, it is necessary to change the thickness of the interfacial layer along the meniscus height. The research shows that the “solid-liquid” interfacial layer is considerably less thick than the “liquid-gas” layer. As a result, we have obtained theoretical equations to determine state parameters of the interfacial layer in question.
Weld defects and automation of methods for their detection
Authors: Sazonova S A , Nikolenko S D , Osipov A A , Zyazina T V , Venevitin A A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The article analyzes the process of electric arc welding. We identified the main types and causes of defects in welded joints and analyzed their main non-destructive testing methods. We show the advantages and disadvantages of each method. The method of ultrasonic control is considered in sufficient detail. We show the advantages of ultrasonic testing of welded joints with a flaw detector with antenna arrays on a practical example. The advantages of this method make it widely used to control the quality of welded seams. We considered peculiarities of application of the “USD-soft” PC program, which allows one to automate the control of welded seams. We found out that it is most effective to carry out automated ultrasonic testing in combination with other types of testing. Automated control, which makes it possible to quickly process the information received at the object of research, allows one to save time and immediately start repair work at the object.
Completing the proportional navigation rule with optimizational association funtion based on particle swarm optimization rule
Authors: Nguyen Minh Hong , Pham Xuan Phang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Proportional Navigation (PN) is one of the most successful and widely applied conductive rules in the field of guidance since from the innitial days of its proposal. The success of PN comes from very early by the simplicity and ease of actualization and the especially important reason that leads to the success of the PN is permanent or poor maneuverability target. However, with the development in aerospace science, the maneuverability of flying vehicles is constantly improving. This causes PN to reveal its disadvantages, reduce its accuracy when sticking and attacking mobile targets. The paper presents a guidance rule based on fuzzy logic on basis of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The proposed guidance rule (FPSOG) is simulated according to PN to exploit the advantages of PN but still ensure the optimal and flexible design by fuzzy logic and PSO algorithm. The results of the completion process of FPSOG were investigated and compared with PN and pure Fuzzy Proportional Navigation (FPN) rule MATLAB software.
Preparation of samples for investigating the durability of aluminum alloy D16AM after deformation and magnetic-pulse processing
Authors: Ahmed Soliman M E , Kurlaev N V , Ryngach N A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The analysis of accidental operational impact damage to the wing structure, which is experienced by the aircraft structure during its service life, is necessary to solve safety problems. The task of this work is to build a realistic picture of accidental mechanical damage on an aircraft wing made of D16AM aluminum alloy. Acts of technical condition research when extending resources and periodically confirming the airworthiness of sample parts, reports of technical services and repair plants for documenting the technical condition of aircraft. The work is devoted to the study of parts’ cyclic durability made of aluminum alloy D16AM in tests for complex mechanical damage. The proposed solutions are performed at two levels of the magnetic-pulse pressure amplitude (P
1 = 32MPa and P
2 = 20MPa) by the ANSYS / LS-DYNA software. The influence of various types of stress state on cyclic strength is an urgent research area in aircraft maintenance and repair service.
Linear model of the electrogasdynamic characteristics of the dry electrostatic cooling nozzle
Authors: Khripunov N V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A brief review of the essence and physical mechanisms of dry electrostatic cooling technology is presented, the areas of application of this technology are described and the main aspects which hamper its wide use are formulated, in particular the insufficient theoretical study of the issue of determining the main electrogasdynamic parameters of the nozzle of the dry electrostatic cooling unit while designing technological operations. The maximum electric voltage, ensuring stable corona discharge in the nozzle of the unit without transition to spark discharge - pre-spark voltage - was accepted as the main indicator of effective functioning of the unit of dry electrostatic cooling. Experiments were performed to study the impact of nozzle diameter and air pressure on the pre-spark voltage. In the course of the experiments a linear dependence of the pre-spark voltage on the nozzle diameter was found. It was also found that there is a constant for all diameters of stabilization air pressure, above which the pre-spark voltage does not change significantly. Experiments were carried out to study the impact of nozzle needle offset on the pre-spark voltage at an air pressure equal to the stabilization pressure. As a result of the experiments, the limit offset of the needle ensuring stable functioning of the dry electrostatic cooling unit was found. The parameter of nozzle geometry - modified diameter - is proposed. This parameter integrates the nozzle diameter and the needle offset. Using the modified diameter, an easy-to-use linear dependence between the studied parameters is obtained.
Technoinnovation as an essential element of training for engineers
Authors: Solodikhina M V , Solodikhina A A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The paradox of the modern labor market, when there is a shortage of engineering and technical personnel in the presence of a sufficient number of graduates of technical universities, is associated with a deformation of demand: only those specialists are in demand, which are either economically unprofitable or impossible to replace with technical devices, since so far artificial intelligence is not capable of creative creating innovations. The problem is that there are disproportionately few well-prepared schoolchildren among applicants to technical universities, and among university graduates there are many who have chosen a career outside the STEM sphere. There is no shortage of engineers, there is a shortage of highly qualified creative specialists. To train such specialists, it is necessary to increase the inflow of the most talented and creative students to technical universities, and then keep them in the STEM sphere. To test the hypothesis that a good way of attracting young people to the choice of an engineering career is to endow students with successful experience of technological invention, courses “Techno-Startup” for schoolchildren and “Technoinnovation” for students of technical universities were developed. The objectives of these courses are: to give students the experience of creating techno-innovation, to increase the motivation for a career in STEM among the most prepared students, to form critical thinking.
Creation of a magnetoelastic material deformation
Authors: Ja Minaev A , Korovkin Ju V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The paper contains the results of studies of the conditions for creating deformations in magnetoelastic elastomers. To create deformation, tension and compression of the material, it is proposed to use a system of electromagnets. The substantiation of the creation of the lifting force of the electromagnet, which overcomes the elastic force of the test material, is given. An analytical calculation of the forces of magnetic fields acting on a magnetoelastic elastomer is presented. A functional diagram and design of a device for creating deformation under the action of the generated magnetic fields are presented. The proposed technological solution can be used in many areas.