bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient posture correction and alignment using mixed reality visualization and the HoloLens 2
Authors: Johnson Perry B. , Jackson Amanda , Saki Mohammad , Feldman Emily , Bradley Julie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to develop and preliminarily test a radiotherapy system for patient posture correction and alignment using mixed reality (MixR) visualization. The write‐up of this work also provides an opportunity to introduce the concepts and technology of MixR for a medical physics audience who may be unfamiliar with the topic.MethodsA MixR application was developed for on optical‐see‐through head‐mounted display (HoloLens 2) allowing a user to simultaneously and directly view a patient and a reference hologram derived from their simulation CT scan. The hologram provides a visual reference for the exact posture needed during treatment and is initialized in relation to the origin of a radiotherapy device using marker‐based tracking. The system further provides marker‐less tracking that allows the user tofreely navigate the room as they view and align the patient from various angles. The system was preliminarily tested using both a rigid (pelvis) and nonrigid (female mannequin) anthropomorphic phantom. Each phantom was aligned via hologram and accuracy quantified using CBCT and CT.ResultsA fully realized system was developed. Rigid registration accuracy was on the order of 3.0 ± 1.5 mm based on the performance of three users repeating alignment five times each. The lateral direction showed the most variability among users and was associated with the largest off‐sets (approximately 2.0 mm). For nonrigid alignment, the MixR setup outperformed a setup based on three‐point alignment and setup photos, the latter of which showed a difference in arm position of 2 cm and a torso roll of 6–7°.ConclusionsMixR visualization is a rapidly emerging domain that has the potential to significantly impact the field of medicine. The current application is an illustration of this and highlights the advantages of MixR for patient setup in radiation oncology. The key feature of the system is the way in which it transforms nonrigid registration into rigid registration by providing an efficient, portable, and cost‐effective mechanism for reproducing patient posture without the use of ionizing radiation. Preliminary estimates of registration accuracy indicate clinical viability and form the foundation for further development and clinical testing.
A strategy to reduce the sensitivity of inhomogeneous magnetization transfer (ihMT) imaging to radiofrequency transmit field variations at 3 T
Authors: Soustelle Lucas , Troalen Thomas , Hertanu Andreea , Mchinda Samira , Ranjeva Jean‐Philippe , Guye Maxime , Varma Gopal , Alsop David C. , Duhamel Guillaume , Girard Olivier M. 
Published: November 2021

PurposeTo minimize the sensitivity of inhomogeneous magnetization transfer gradient‐echo (ihMT‐GRE) imaging to radiofrequency (RF) transmit field () inhomogeneities at 3 T.MethodsThe ihMT‐GRE sequence was optimized by varying the concentration of the RF saturation energy over time, obtained by increasing the saturation pulse power while extending the sequence repetition time (TR). Different protocols were tested using numerical simulations and human in vivo experiments in the brain white matter (WM) of healthy subjects at 3 T. The sensitivity of the ihMT ratio (ihMTR) to variations was investigated by comparing measurements obtained at nominal transmitter adjustments and following a 20% global drop. The resulting relative variations (δihMTR) were evaluated voxelwise as a function of the local distribution. The reproducibility of the protocol providing minimal bias was assessed in a test‐retest experiment.ResultsIn line with simulations, ihMT‐GRE experiments conducted at high concentration of the RF energy over time demonstrated strong reduction of the inhomogeneity effects in the human WM. Under the optimal conditions of 350‐ms TR and 3‐µT root mean square (RMS) saturation power, 73% of all WM voxels presented δihMTR below 10%. Reproducibility analysis yielded a close‐to‐zero systematic bias (ΔihMTR = −0.081%) and a high correlation (ρ² = 0.977) between test and retest experiments.ConclusionConcentrating RF saturation energy in ihMT‐GRE sequences mitigates the sensitivity of the ihMTR to variations and allows for clinical‐ready ihMT imaging at 3 T. This feature is of particular interest for high and ultra‐high field applications.
The impact of action observation and motor imagery on the aesthetic preference of Chinese calligraphy
Authors: He Mingcheng , He Xianyou , Zheng Zixin , Deng Jiamin , Wu Chenjing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe creation of artwork requires motor activity. However, few empirical studies have directly explored the relationship between the experience of an artist's action and aesthetic experience. This study aimed to examine the effect of observing and imagery of the artist's action on the participants’ aesthetic preferences. In Experiment 1 and 2, we took hard‐pen and brush‐pen Chinese calligraphy images as the stimulus, respectively, to explore the influence of action observation on the aesthetic preference by manipulating the artists’ actions. The results of both Experiment 1 and 2 show that when participants observed the artists’ actions, they tended to report a higher preference for calligraphy images compared with the control condition. In Experiments 3 and 4, we used instructions to manipulate the motor imagery tasks and investigated the effect of imaging the artist's action on the participants’ aesthetic preferences. The results showed that both kinesthetic imagery and visual imagery increased the participants’ preference. In general, our study shows that both action observation and motor imagery contribute to participants’ aesthetic preferences. The results are discussed in terms of how artists’ actions possibly influence the aesthetic preference of Chinese calligraphy.
The effect of graph standardization on intervention evaluation of practitioner‐created graphs
Authors: Lewis Heather H. J. , Radley Keith C , Dart Evan H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSingle‐case design (SCD) is frequently utilized in applied contexts, such as schools or clinics, due to its utility in evaluating individual intervention effects of students. Data collected in SCD are often displayed in a linear graph, which can vary drastically in their construction leading to inconsistencies in rater interpretation. This has led to a need for a standardized format for linear graphs for practitioners and researchers to follow when constructing graphs. The purpose of this study was both to evaluate how well practitioner‐created graphs adhered to Standard Assembly (SA) guidelines and to investigate visual analytic differences in graphs generated by practitioners and the same data replotted in adherence to SA guidelines. Practitioner graphs were collected from fourteen practicing school psychologists and evaluated against SA guidelines. Graphs were found to have vast differences in graph characteristics. Twenty‐seven participants, faculty members with experience in SCD, were asked to evaluate 32 graphs—16 of which were practitioner created and the other 16 being the same data sets regraphed according to SA standards. Participants were asked to rate the interpretability of each graph and evaluate the magnitude of the intervention effect. Results indicate that there were no significant differences between the practitioner‐created graphs and SA graphs in intervention effect estimates, but the SA graphs were rated as significantly more interpretable.
Three‐dimensional gynaecological ultrasound part two: A pictorial essay
Authors: Deslandes Alison , Croft Anthea , Panuccio Catrina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThree‐dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) is becoming a standard part of obstetric and gynaecological ultrasound examinations. With most high‐end ultrasound systems now incorporating three‐dimensional functionality, the technology can be used to enhance and/or confirm a diagnosis in many gynaecological pathologies. Part one of this two‐part series covered the technical aspects of performing three‐dimensional gynaecological ultrasound. This paper, part two, presents a pictorial essay of 3DUS in gynaecological imaging serving to educate sonographers and other ultrasound users on the typical appearance of some common, and not so common ultrasound findings.
Service life of reinforced concrete structures made with blended cements and exposed in urban environment
Authors: Lollini Federica , Redaelli Elena 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCarbonation‐induced corrosion is one of the main causes of degradation of reinforced concrete (RC) structures exposed outdoor in urban environment. To prevent steel corrosion, a durability design, that considers both the initiation and the propagation time, is of fundamental importance. At this aim, the resistance to carbonation of concrete and the steel corrosion rate in the exposure environment need to be known. This paper reports the carbonation coefficient and the corrosion rate of 7‐day cured RC specimens made with different binders and exposed outdoor in Milan in unsheltered conditions. Corrosion rates in laboratory conditions with different temperatures and relative humidities are also reported. Experimental data were used to evaluate the service life in unsheltered condition. RC specimens made with Portland cement exhibited the lowest carbonation coefficient and corrosion rate, while specimens with 30% limestone and with 70% ground granulated blast furnace slag the highest.
Retracted: Prediction of the elastic modulus of recycled aggregate concrete applying hybrid artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms
Authors: Zhang Qian , Afzal Mansour 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecycled aggregates (RAGs) usage in concrete is surging, inspired by environmental and economic concerns. Regarding predicting various models designed the values of modulus of elasticity (MOE) of concrete with natural aggregates and, in conclusion, they would probably be unreliable when used to concrete with RAG. In the present study, two new gray wolf multi‐layer perceptron neural networks (GWMLP) and gray wolf support vector regression (GWSVR) algorithms were proposed to predict RAG concrete's elastic modulus. About 400 records were gathered from published articles to develop these models. The results show that among the GWMLP models with different hidden layers, GWM3L with three hidden layers could get the highest score (TRS) at 39. Simultaneously, in the testing phase, the GWSVR was the first‐rank model because of the lower RMSE (0.6381), MAE (0.1541), and a larger (0.9707) compared with GWMLP models. Therefore, it can result that the GWSVR model could predict the elastic modulus of RAG concrete precisely even better than GWM3L, which is well over the accuracy of the developed models.
Torsional behavior of glass textile‐reinforced concrete beams with minimum transverse reinforcements: Experimental study
Authors: Le Dang Dung , Tran Cao Thanh Ngoc , Nguyen Huy Cuong , Nguyen Xuan Huy 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTorsional tests for four concrete beams reinforced with glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars as torsional longitudinal reinforcements and glass textile grids as torsional transverse reinforcements are conducted to study the possibility in using noncorrosive and cold‐bendable glass textile grids as minimum torsional transverse reinforcements. These beams are compared with three control beams reinforced with GFRP torsional transverse reinforcements. Two investigated variables in this experimental study are the number of layers of textile grids and the orientation of torsional transverse reinforcements. Grade 40 fine‐grained concrete is used for all tested beams. A standard pure torsional test is used to study the torsional behaviors of these beams. The experimental behaviors of the tested beams are compared in terms of recorded torque‐twist curves; strain gauge readings in transverse, longitudinal reinforcements, and concrete at critical positions; observed cracking patterns and failure modes. The experimental results are compared with the recommendations for minimum torsional transverse reinforcements in the existing design codes and guidelines such as the ACI 318‐19, EC2, ACI 440.1R‐15, and CSA S806. The comparison indicates that the existing guidelines are unsafe in estimating the minimum transverse torsional reinforcements for glass textile‐reinforced concrete beams.
Co-creating Sustainable Urban Mobility Solutions for Guests and Citizens: The Experience in the Elba Island
Authors: Sessa Carlo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis chapter illustrates a co-creation approach engaging stakeholders and citizens to develop a shared agenda of sustainable transport solutions, responding to travel needs which are qualitatively and quantitatively different for residents and tourists. The chapter is articulated in three sections. The first section illustrates the co-creation approach and the topics addressed in all six DESTINATIONS demonstration sites where this approach has been used to a greater or lesser extent. The second section describes more extensively the application of the co-creation approach in the Elba island case, illustrating the process and its main outcomes, including the definition of a strategic agenda of goals and actions included in a draft Sustainable Mobility Plan for the whole Elba island, and a hypothesis of new bus services operating in the high season co-created with the engagement of managers from the regional Public Transport Authority (Osservatorio della Mobilità—Provincia di Livorno) and from the Transport Operator (CTT-Nord). The third section discusses some lessons that can be drawn from the successes and failures of the co-creation approach in the Elba case. The application has demonstrated the feasibility and suitability of the co-creation process to effectively engage stakeholders and groups of visionary citizens (the “change agents”) in the formulation of sustainable mobility plans and agendas. On the other hand, follow-up was lacking—no formal procedures to implement decisions based on the shared agenda were initiated—and the concluding section of the chapter discusses some reasons for this failure, and possible remedies for better anchoring the co-creation approach in future policymaking
Shared Mobility Services in Malta: User Needs and Perceptions
Authors: Maas Suzanne , Attard Maria 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMalta is a small island state home to nearly half a million inhabitants. It is a major tourist destination in the Mediterranean, with visitor numbers totalling 2.6 million in 2018. There are 799 vehicles for every thousand inhabitants and the modal split shows a 74.6% reliance on the car. Ownership and use of private cars are at an all-time high in Malta. This dependence on the car has increased congestion and given rise to parking issues in many localities, taken-up limited space in the urban area, increased air and noise pollution, and created accessibility problems for pedestrians and cyclists. Shared mobility services (bicycle, car, scooter sharing) have been introduced in Malta very recently. Malta is one of the case study sites in the CIVITAS DESTINATIONS project, which focused on sustainable mobility in tourist destinations. As part of the project, a survey was conducted to understand the awareness and acceptance of these shared mobility services by Maltese residents (n = 1,100). Insights from this survey used to understand user needs and perceptions in light of such mobility innovations and what might encourage people to start using them as an alternative to private car use.
Introduction
Authors: Lovell Heather 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis chapter introducesUnderstanding Energy Innovation, a book that is about the process of digital innovation within the electricity sector, with a focus on the social and political. This chapter covers who the book is for, its aims and themes, summarises key theories of energy innovation, and defines smart grids. Smart grids involve the incorporation of new digital and information and communication technologies into utility infrastructures, and they are used as a case study throughout the book to explore energy innovation. The chapter concludes with a brief history of smart grids.
Networks
Authors: Lovell Heather 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSocial scientists study many different types of networks, from policy networks to sociotechnical networks, in order to better understand processes of change. These diverse networks have a number of characteristics in common, including interconnectedness, flows, and fragility. Exploring these characteristics in relation to smart grids helps us to better understand the social nature of energy sector innovation. In this chapter, I use these themes and concepts to assess three examples: international smart grid policy networks; a local community network on Bruny Island, Australia; and a fragile network, the digital metering programme in the State of Victoria, Australia.
Nostalgia
Authors: Lovell Heather 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNostalgia is a longing for the past and the way we remember how things used to be done, including a wish for things to stay the same. Nostalgia is a central part of understanding societal responses to change because every new technology and way of doing something is, in effect, competing with nostalgia. In this chapter, I examine how nostalgia can hamper efforts at energy innovation, particularly in terms of how it blinds us to change already under way, and how memories of certain innovations can in subtle ways encourage or hinder innovation. I explore three diverse case studies about nostalgia: memories of pioneering international smart grid experiments, scarce data about off-grid households, and big infrastructure energy solutions.
Trauma patients with SARS-CoV-2 in German ICUs during the 2nd wave of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Hamsen Uwe , Waydhas Christian , Bayer Jörg , Wutzler Sebastian , Horst Klemens , Hildebrand Frank ,   Trauma Section of the German Interdisciplinary Association of Critical Care, Emergency Medicine (DIVI)
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeIn January and February 2021, about 4000 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive patients were treated daily in German intensive care units (ICUs). The number of SARS-CoV-2-positive ICU patients with trauma, however, is not known and neither whether the trauma itself or COVID-19 causes the critical illness.MethodsA total of 173 German ICUs, representing 3068 ICU beds, participated in a survey developed by the Trauma Section of the German Interdisciplinary Association of Intensive Care Medicine (DIVI).ResultsParticipating ICUs reported an overall 1-day prevalence of 20 and an overall 7-day prevalence of 35 SARS-CoV-2-positive trauma patients in the ICU. Critical illness was triggered by trauma alone in 50% of cases and by the combination of trauma and COVID-19 in 49% of cases; 70% of patients were older than 65 years and suffered from a single injury, predominantly proximal femur fractures. The distribution of patients was comparable regarding the level of care of the trauma centre (local, regional, and supra-regional).ConclusionThe proportion of trauma patients of all SARS-CoV-2-positive critically ill patients is small (~ 1%) but relevant. There is no concentration of these patients at Level 1 trauma centres. However, the traumatic insult is the most relevant cause for ICU treatment in most of these patients. Regarding a new wave of the pandemic, adequate trauma dedicated resources and perioperative structures and expertise have to be provided for COVID-19 trauma patients.
Hit-and-run: a Swedish nationwide cohort study of serious transport accidents and convictions due to traffic offenses in obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Mataix-Cols David , Fernández de la Cruz Lorena , Brander Gustaf , Andersson Erik , D’Onofrio Brian M. , Rück Christian , Larsson Henrik , Lichtenstein Paul , Sidorchuk Anna 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Individuals with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) often report driving-related obsessions, such as fears of causing accidents, but the risk of transport accidents in OCD is unknown. We investigated whether individuals with OCD have an increased risk of serious transport accidents and convictions due to traffic offenses and explored the role of psychiatric comorbidities.

Methods
We included all individuals ≥ 18 years living in Sweden between 1997 and 2013 (N = 5,760,734). A total of 23,126 individuals had a diagnosis of OCD in the National Patient Register. We also identified 16,607 families with full siblings discordant for OCD. Cox proportional hazards regression models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of three outcomes in individuals with OCD, compared to unexposed individuals and their unexposed full siblings: injuries or deaths due to transport accidents, injuries or deaths due to motor vehicle accidents, and convictions related to traffic offenses. Psychiatric comorbidities were systematically adjusted for.

Results
Women, but not men, with OCD had a marginally increased risk of serious transport accidents (adjusted HR = 1.20 [95% CI 1.13–1.28]) and motor vehicle accidents (adjusted HR = 1.20 [95% CI 1.09–1.31]), compared to unaffected individuals. Neither women nor men with OCD had a significantly increased risk of convictions. The sibling comparisons showed no significant associations. When psychiatric comorbidities were adjusted for, several observed associations became non-significant or inversed (HRs and 95% CIs below one).

Conclusion
The risks of serious transport accidents and driving-related criminal convictions in OCD are negligible and heavily influenced by psychiatric comorbidity.
Organophosphorus pesticides exhibit compound specific effects in rat precision-cut lung slices (PCLS): mechanisms involved in airway response, cytotoxicity, inflammatory activation and antioxidative defense
Authors: Tigges Jonas , Worek Franz , Thiermann Horst , Wille Timo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOrganophosphorus compound pesticides (OP) are widely used in pest control and might be misused for terrorist attacks. Although acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition is the predominant toxic mechanism, OP may induce pneumonia and formation of lung edema after poisoning and during clinical treatment as life-threatening complication. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, rat precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) were exposed to the OP parathion, malathion and their biotransformation products paraoxon and malaoxon (100–2000 µmol/L). Airway response, metabolic activity, release of LDH, cytokine expression and oxidative stress response were analyzed. A concentration-dependent inhibition of airway relaxation was observed after exposure with the oxon but not with the thion-OP. In contrast, cytotoxic effects were observed for both forms in higher concentrations. Increased cytokine expression was observed after exposure to parathion and paraoxon (IL-6, GM-CSF, MIP-1α) and IL-6 expression was dependent on NFκB activation. Intracellular GSH levels were significantly reduced by all four tested OP but an increase in GSSG and HO-1 expression was predominantly observed after malaoxon exposure. Pretreatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine reduced malaoxon but not paraoxon-induced cytotoxicity. PCLS as a 3D lung model system revealed OP-induced effects depending on the particular OP. The experimental data of this study contribute to a better understanding of OP toxicity on cellular targets and may be a possible explanation for the variety of clinical outcomes induced by different OP.