bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine-Grained Reductions from Approximate Counting to Decision
Authors: Dell Holger , Lapinskas John 
Published: February 2021

In this article, we introduce a general framework for fine-grained reductions of approximate counting problems to their decision versions. (Thus, we use an oracle that decides whether any witness exists to multiplicatively approximate the number of witnesses with minimal overhead.) This mirrors a foundational result of Sipser (STOC 1983) and Stockmeyer (SICOMP 1985) in the polynomial-time setting, and a similar result of Müller (IWPEC 2006) in the FPT setting. Using our framework, we obtain such reductions for some of the most important problems in fine-grained complexity: the Orthogonal Vectors problem, 3SUM, and the Negative-Weight Triangle problem (which is closely related to All-Pairs Shortest Path). While all these problems have simple algorithms over which it is conjectured that no polynomial improvement is possible, our reductions would remain interesting even if these conjectures were proved; they have only polylogarithmic overhead and can therefore be applied to subpolynomial improvements such as the
n
3
/ exp(Θ (√ log
n
))-time algorithm for the Negative-Weight Triangle problem due to Williams (STOC 2014). Our framework is also general enough to apply to versions of the problems for which more efficient algorithms are known. For example, the Orthogonal Vectors problem over GF(
m
)
d
for constant
m
can be solved in time
n
· poly (
d
) by a result of Williams and Yu (SODA 2014); our result implies that we can approximately count the number of orthogonal pairs with essentially the same running time.

We also provide a fine-grained reduction from approximate #SAT to SAT. Suppose the Strong Exponential Time Hypothesis (SETH) is false, so that for some 1 <
c
< 2 and all
k
there is an
O
(
c

n

)-time algorithm for
k
-SAT. Then we prove that for all
k
, there is an
O
((
c
+
o
(1))

n

)-time algorithm for approximate #
k
-SAT. In particular, our result implies that the Exponential Time Hypothesis (ETH) is equivalent to the seemingly weaker statement that there is no algorithm to approximate #3-SAT to within a factor of 1+ɛ in time 2

o

(
n
)/ ɛ
2
(taking ɛ > 0 as part of the input).
Welcome to AI matters 6(3)
Authors: Leite Iolanda , Karpatne Anuj 
Published: February 2021

Welcome to the last issue of this year's AI Matters Newsletter!
We start with a report on upcoming SIGAI Events and Conference reports by Louise Dennis, our conference coordination officer. In our regular Education column, Todd Neller introduces the next AAAI/EAAI-2022 mentored undergraduate research challenge: AI-Assisted Game Design (AIAGD). We then bring you our regular Policy column, where Larry Medsker covers ongoing discussions on AI policy, this time with a special focus on Europe and the US.
Finally, we close with two article contributions. The first article is by our former co-editor in chief Amy McGovern, about a newly established NSF-funded AI Institute for Research on Trustworthy AI in Weather, Climate, and Coastal Oceanography that she now directs. The second paper discusses the very timely topic of ways that AI can aid students in post-secondary education.
Metabolic and Hepatic Effects of Energy-Reduced Anti-Inflammatory Diet in Younger Adults with Obesity
Authors: Kenđel Jovanović Gordana , Mrakovcic-Sutic Ines , Pavičić Žeželj Sandra , Benjak Horvat Indira , Šuša Lucia , Rahelić Dario , Klobučar Majanović Sanja 
Published: February 2021

Background. Associated with epidemics of obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming the most prevalent liver disease worldwide. The cornerstone of therapy for NAFLD is lifestyle intervention, mainly focused on weight loss. Significant weight loss results from energy-restricted diets, regardless of macronutrient distribution. An anti-inflammatory diet was related to lower odds of NAFLD among daily alcohol drinkers and individuals with metabolic syndrome. This study aims to evaluate the effect of an energy-reduced anti-inflammatory diet on liver status in younger adults with obesity after a 6-month follow-up. Methods. A two-arm randomized controlled trial surveyed 81 participants’ (mean age, 43 years) anthropometric and body composition changes. Metabolic status was determined with glycaemic and lipid status, inflammatory status with hs-CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α, and liver status with liver enzymes, NAFLD-FLS, FLI, and FIB-4 indices. The inflammatory potential of the diet was assessed by the Dietary Inflammatory Index, DII®. Results. Energy-restricted anti-inflammatory diet resulted in significant weight loss (−7.1%,

p

< 0.001), in reducing the visceral adiposity (−22.3%,

p

< 0.001), metabolic (HOMA-IR, −15.5%; total cholesterol, −5.3%; LDL-C, −4.6%; triglycerides, −12.2%), and inflammatory biomarkers (hs-CRP, −29.5%; IL-6, −18.2%; TNF-α, −34.2%), with significant improvement of liver parameters (NAFLD-FLS, −143.4%; FLI, −14.3%; FIB-4, −2.5%). Conclusion. The study showed the effectiveness of the anti-inflammatory diet with significant improvement of liver parameters in younger adults with obesity, which may reinforce the effectiveness of nutrition-based lifestyle programs, with an anti-inflammatory dietary approach for the treatment and resolution of NAFLD.
Modelling the Thin-Layer Drying Kinetics of Marinated Beef during Infrared-Assisted Hot Air Processing of Biltong
Authors: Muga Francis C. , Marenya Moses O. , Workneh Tilahun S. 
Published: February 2021

Biltong is a dried meat product that is widely consumed in South Africa. The marinated meat is traditionally dried under ambient winter conditions while commercial biltong producers use hot air driers. Hot air drying is time-consuming and energy-intensive. A combined infrared and hot air drying (IRHAD) is an alternative method of drying meat during biltong processing. The aim of this study was to establish the effect of the infrared (IR) power, the temperature, and velocity of the drying air on the drying kinetics of marinated beef and subsequently select the best thin-layer drying model for IRHAD during biltong processing. Marinated beef samples were dried at IR power levels of 500, 750, and 1000 W; drying air temperatures of 30, 35, and 40°C; and air velocity of 1.5 and 2.5 m∙s-1. Results indicate that increasing the IR power and the drying air temperature increased the IR emitter temperature and the core temperature of the marinated beef sample. Consequently, increasing the drying rate thus reduced drying time. The air velocity had an inverse relationship with the IR emitter temperature, the core temperature of the marinated beef sample, and the drying rate. The drying process was characterised by a rising rate period in the first half an hour, followed by a falling rate period which implies that moisture transport occurred partly by surface evaporation and predominantly by diffusion. The effective moisture diffusivity ranged from

4.560
×

10

−
10

to

13.7
×

10

−
10

m

2

∙

s

−
1

, while, the activation energy ranged between 40.97 and 59.16 kJ∙mol-1. The IRHAD of marinated beef during its processing to biltong was best described by the two-term model since it had the highest

R

2

(0.9982-0.9993) and the lowest RMSE (0.0062-0.0099). The power level of the IR emitter of 1000 W combined with a drying air temperature and velocity of 40°C and 1.5 m∙s-1, respectively, showed the highest improvement in the drying kinetics and the lowest drying time of

5.61
±
0.35

hours; hence, it is recommended as a possible drying alternative for the processing of biltong.
Adaptive Sliding Mode Controller Design For Attitude Small UAV
Authors: Amini Samaneh 
Published: February 2021

The dynamic of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is nonlinear, strongly coupled, multi-input multi-output (MIMO), and subject to uncertainties and external disturbances. In this paper, an adaptive sliding mode controller (ASMC) is integrated to design the attitude control system for an inner loop fixed wing UAV. In the proposed scheme, sliding mode control law parameters due to uncertainty are assumed to be unknown and are estimated via adaptation laws. The synthesis of the adaptation laws is based on the positivity and Lyapunov design principle. Navigation outer loop parameters are regulated via PID controllers. Simulation results indicate that the proposed controller design can stabilize the nonlinear system, and it is robust to parametric model uncertainties and external disturbance.
Embedded Fuzzy Based Boiler Control
Authors: S Celin 
Published: February 2021

<p>Boiler control in a power station is a very important criteria in regulation of uninterrupted electricity. In existing power plants, the control of its features and parameters are done by PI and PD controllers. The parameters that control the regulation of boiler conduction are drum level, steam flow, feed water flow, steam temperature and light intensity. It is necessary to produce the steam required to run the generator. When the load in the generator changes, there must be corresponding change in the steam volume. This may cause adverse effect in the boiler. In order to avoid the effect in the boiler, the parameters mentioned above must be maintained constant, which is attained by regulating the corresponding valves. This project work has a feasibility of using fuzzy logic controllers in the place of conventional controllers is done by using embedded system. It is found that the rule based fuzzy logic technique can be implemented by stringent operating conditions. </p>
Accelerometer Based Control of Robotic Arm
Authors: Sawant Yogita 
Published: February 2021

<p class="Abstract"><em>Abstract</em>— <em><span>Robots are very smart and interactive machines that can be programmed and used in many areas such as industry, manufacturing, production lines, household or health, etc. These robots can perform hard, dangerous, and accurate work to facilitate our life and to increase the production. Humans</span></em><em><span> are trying to minimize the time required to do the similar kind of jobs. The task in which picking &amp; placing of an object is to be done, can be carried out with the help of robots. These robots can minimize the human efforts. The robotic arms can be also used in the industries to assemble the small parts, in chemical industries to pick and place small types of object such as tablets. Artificial robotic arms thus can be used to control gestures. In this paper an idea of controlling robotic arm is implemented using an accelerometer which is placed </span></em><em>on the human hand, capturing its behavior (gestures and postures) which are then transmitted at some distance and the robotic arm assembly connected wirelessly moves accordingly.</em></p>
Wireless Gesture Controlled Semi-Humanoid Robot
Authors: Fegade Toshika , Kurle Yogesh , Nikale Sagar , Kalpund Praful 
Published: February 2021

<p>Robotics is a field concerned with the “intelligent connection of perception of action”. The most common manufacturing robot is the robotic arm with different degree of freedoms. Today, these humanoids perform many functions to assist humans in different undertakings such as space missions, driving and monitoring high speed vehicles. They are called semi-humanoids because they resemble to upper part of human body.</p><p> The idea of this paper is to change perception of controlling robotic arm. This paper provides a way to get rid of old fashioned remote controls and gives an intuitive technique for implementation of Semi-Humanoid Gesture controlled robot. It includes two robot arms which are exactly similar to human arm (5 fingers) increasing sensitivity of the system. It includes motion sensors -flex and accelerometer (used in mobile phones for tilting motion). The system design is divided into 3 parts namely: Robotic Arm, Real time video and Platform.</p> The prime aim of the design is that the robot arm and platform starts the movement as soon as the operator makes hand and leg gesture. The Robotic arm is synchronized with the gestures (hand postures) of the operator and the platform part is controlled by the leg gestures of the operator. The robot and the Gesture device are connected wireless via RF. The wireless communication enables user to interact with the robot in an effortless way.
The Legal Framework of Cybercrime in Palestine
Authors: Elshobake Mohammed R. M. , Laeba Muhammad 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The rate of committing cybercrimes in Palestine has increased in recent years due to the increased use of the Internet and social media, in addition to the absence of deterrent legislation to combat these crimes. Palestine suffers from legal problems in the field of criminal legislation due to the duplication of penal laws applied in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. This article will discuss the legal framework of cybercrimes in Palestine. The researcher will mainly use historical, analytical, and library research methods for this purpose. The results indicate that the legal framework regulating cybercrimes in Palestine is not unified, and the difference in legislation regulating cybercrimes in Palestine has led to different penalties for cybercrimes, which violates the principle of equality stipulated in the Palestinian Basic Law (Palestinian Interim Constitution). The benefit of this article is to propose some recommendations to develop Palestinian laws in order to combat cybercrimes.
Regional Asymmetries in Ocean Heat and Carbon Storage due to Dynamic Redistribution in Climate Model Projections
Authors: Williams Richard G. , Katavouta Anna , Roussenov Vassil 
Published: February 2021

AbstractProjected changes in ocean heat and carbon storage are assessed in terms of the added and redistributed tracer using a transport-based framework, which is applied to an idealized climate model and a suite of six CMIP5 Earth system models following an annual 1% rise in atmospheric CO2. Heat and carbon budgets for the added and redistributed tracer are used to explain opposing regional patterns in the storage of ocean heat and carbon anomalies, such as in the tropics and subpolar North Atlantic, and the relatively reduced storage within the Southern Ocean. Here the added tracer takes account of the net tracer source and the advection of the added tracer by the circulation, while the redistributed tracer takes account of the time-varying circulation advecting the preindustrial tracer distribution. The added heat and carbon often have a similar sign to each other with the net source usually acting to supply the tracer. In contrast, the redistributed heat and carbon consistently have an opposing sign to each other due to the opposing gradients in the preindustrial temperature and carbon. These different signs in heat and carbon redistribution can lead to regional asymmetries in the climate-driven changes in ocean heat and carbon storage. For a weakening in the Atlantic overturning and strengthening in the Southern Ocean residual circulation, the high latitudes are expected to have heat anomalies of variable sign and carbon anomalies of a consistently positive sign, since added and redistributed tracers are opposing in sign for heat and the same sign for carbon there.
Gemcitabine-induced dilated-cardiomyopathy in patient with platinum-refractory ovarian-cancer: A case report and literature review
Authors: Raimondi Lucrezia , Raimondi Filippo Maria , Rossi Luigi , Lazzeroni Rachele , Pietranera Marta , Di Benedetto Laura , Gozzi Elisa , Spinelli Gian Paolo 
Published: February 2021

Introduction Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog and pyrimidine antimetabolite that inhibits RNA synthesis, currently approved for use to treat a variety of cancers, among which ovarian cancers. Gemcitabine is considered relatively safe and it is generally well tolerated, with rarely reported cardiac side effects. Case report We report a case of gemcitabine induced dilated cardiomyopathy in a 41-year-old woman receiving gemcitabine as second line treatment for platinum-resistant ovarian cancer without pre-existing hypertension or significant cardiac history. Management and Outcome: The patient presented with clinical symptoms and laboratory and imaging results suggestive of congestive cardiac failure, with a left ventricular ejection fraction of 15%. Gemcitabine administration was stopped and Furosemide with ACE-inhibitors and Beta-blocker agents were initiated. At that point the clinical situation improved: symptoms and findings disappeared with gemcitabine cessation. Discussion Our case demonstrated for the first time objective evidence for dilated cardiomyopathy induced by gemcitabine in a young patient with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer without pre-existing significant cardiac history. Although rare, gemcitabine-induced cardiotoxicity should be promptly recognized in order to take appropriate measures to manage it.
Retinal arterial macroaneurysm in leukemia
Authors: Bekmez Sinan , Eris Dilem 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Retinal arterial macroaneurysm (RAM) is an acquired vascular dilatation usually seen at the site of arterial bifurcation or arterial-vein crossing. It’s often seen in the first three branches of the central retinal artery. Case description: A 15-year-old male patient was admitted to the outpatient clinic with complaints of weakness, headache, and bruising on the body for a few weeks. During the physical examination, a hepatomegaly and a common patchy ecchymosis in the body were detected at the abdominal examination. Hemoglobin was 6.6 g/dl, white blood cells were 40,000/mm3, platelet was 24,000/mm3 at the whole blood count done. The 70% blast was detected in peripheral spread. Bone marrow aspiration evaluation was consistent with pre-B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. There was two macroaneurysms in the inferior arcuate of the left eye. The patient was examined on a weekly basis. During control examinations, retinal macroaneurysms in left eye and the hemorrhages significantly regressed. Conclusion and importance: The fact that RAM is not often seen in the pediatric age group, indicates the importance of this phenomenon. It should be remembered that a complete ophthalmic examination should be performed on leukemia patients.
Alternative environment activities on both sides of the Atlantic: A Canada-Ireland consideration and comparison
Authors: Robinson Daniel B , Hall Nathan , Costa José da , Bradford Brent 
Published: February 2021

Due to the overemphasis of traditional sports at the expense of other movement domains in physical education (PE) programmes, there is a need to consider what factors might enable or limit PE teachers’ incorporation of some of these other domains that can support student learning. The focus of this article is on one such marginalized domain – alternative environment activities (AEAs). AEAs can afford students a breadth of opportunities for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in different environments (i.e. land, snow and ice, water, air) and improve environmental awareness and stewardship. This article reports on a comparative investigation of Nova Scotian (Canadian) and Irish PE teachers’ incorporation of AEAs in their PE programmes. To understand what similarities or differences might exist with respect to these PE teachers’ incorporation of AEAs, along with existing enablers and barriers, a self-selected sample of current PE teachers (Nova Scotia = 53; Ireland = 64) completed a 22-item online questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were employed to conduct comparisons among the two data sets. PE teachers’ understandings of curricular requirements for AEAs were found to be an issue in both Nova Scotia and Ireland. Reported significant differences include: AEA-related professional development participation; most important factors for deciding not to include AEAs; and feelings of school administrative support towards AEA incorporation. Findings also suggest that various issues may be hindering incorporation of AEAs in PE programmes, and that some of these issues do differ based on where the PE programme is situated.
Prevalence of Morphological Variations Associated With Femoroacetabular Impingement According to Age and Sex: A Study of 1878 Asymptomatic Hips in Nonprofessional Athletes
Authors: Morales-Avalos Rodolfo , Tapia-Náñez Adriana , Simental-Mendía Mario , Elizondo-Riojas Guillermo , Morcos-Sandino Michelle , Tey-Pons Marc , Peña-Martínez Víctor M. , Barrera Francisco J. , Guzman-Lopez Santos , Elizondo-Omaña Rodrigo E. , Vílchez-Cavazos Félix 
Published: February 2021

Background: Radiographic findings related to the cam and pincer variants of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) include measurements of the alpha angle and lateral center-edge angle (LCEA). The function of these radiographic findings has been put into question because of high heterogeneity in reported studies. Purpose: The aim of this study was 3-fold: (1) to determine the prevalence of cam and pincer variants according to sex and age on anteroposterior (AP) pelvic radiographs from an asymptomatic nonathletic population, (2) to identify the most common radiographic signs of cam- and pincer-type variants, and (3) to determine if there are variations in the prevalence of these radiographic signs according to sex and age. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: There were 3 independent observers who retrospectively analyzed the 939 AP pelvic radiographs (1878 hips) of patients aged 18 to 50 years who did not have hip symptoms and who were not professional athletes. The prevalence of the cam and pincer variants according to the alpha angle and LCEA, respectively, and the presence of other radiographic signs commonly associated with these variables were determined in the overall population and by subgroup according to sex and age group (18-30, 31-40, and 41-50 years). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the study sample. Results: The mean age of the included population was 31.0 ± 9.2 years, and 68.2% were male. The prevalence of the cam-type variant was 29.7% (558/1878), and that of the pincer-type variant was 24.3% (456/1878). The radiographic signs that were most associated with the cam and pincer variants were a pistol-grip deformity and the crossover sign, respectively. Significant differences ( P < .001) in the prevalence of these variants were identified between men and women in both variants. No differences were observed in the alpha angle or LCEA according to sex or age. Conclusion: Radiographic findings suggestive of FAI had significant variations with respect to sex and age in this study sample. This study provides information to determine the prevalence of these anatomic variants in the general population.