bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in motor paralysis involving upper extremities of outpatient chronic stroke patients from temporary rehabilitation interruption due to spread of COVID-19 infection: An observational study on pre- and post-survey data without a control group
Authors: Sakamoto Daigo , Hamaguchi Toyohiro , Nakayama Yasuhide , Hada Takuya , Abo Masahiro 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundOutpatient rehabilitation was temporarily suspended because of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), and there was a risk that patients’ activities of daily living (ADLs) would decrease and physical functions unmaintained. Therefore, we investigated the ADLs and motor functions of chronic stroke patients whose outpatient rehabilitation was temporarily interrupted.MethodsIn this observational study, the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), and Barthel Index (BI) scores of 49 stroke hemiplegic patients at 6 and 3 months before rehabilitation interruptions were retrospectively determined and were prospectively investigated on resumption of outpatient rehabilitation. Presence or absence of symptoms and difficulties caused by the interruption period (IP) was investigated using a binomial method. Deltas were analyzed using a generalized linear model (GLM) according to the survey period. Age, sex, severity of FMA-UE immediately post-resumption and post-onset period were used as covariates. For survey items showing significant model fit, the 95% confidence interval of minimum detectable change (MDC95) was calculated, and the amount of change was compared. Questionnaire responses were tested via proportion ratio. Statistical significance was set at 5%.ResultsThe FMA-UE part A and total scores were significantly model fit depending on periods. The estimated FMA-UE total score decreased by 1.64 (z = −2.38, p = 0.02) during the 3-month IP. No fits were observed by GLM in other parts of the FMA-UE, ARAT, or BI. The calculated MDC95was 3.58 for FMA-UE part A and 4.50 for FMA-UE overall. Answers to questions regarding sleep disturbance and physical pain were significantly biased toward “no” in the psychosomatic function items (p<0.05). There was no bias in the distribution of answers to questions regarding joint stiffness, muscle weakness, muscle stiffness, and difficulty in moving arms and hands. All 16 questions regarding activities and participation items were significantly biased toward answers “no” (p<0.05).ConclusionsThe FMA-UE part A and total scores were affected. Patients complained of subjective symptoms related to upper limb paralysis after the IP. Since ADLs of patients were maintained, the therapist can recommend that patients not receiving outpatient treatments be evaluated in relation to the shoulder, elbow, and forearm and instructed on self-training to maintain motor function.
Investigation of the impact of commonly used medications on the oral microbiome of individuals living without major chronic conditions
Authors: DeClercq Vanessa , Nearing Jacob T. , Langille Morgan G. I. 
Published: December 2021

Background
Commonly used medications produce changes in the gut microbiota, however, the impact of these medications on the composition of the oral microbiota is understudied.

Methods
Saliva samples were obtained from 846 females and 368 males aged 35–69 years from a Canadian population cohort, the Atlantic Partnership for Tomorrow’s Health (PATH). Samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and differences in microbial community compositions between nonusers, single-, and multi-drug users as well as the 3 most commonly used medications (thyroid hormones, statins, and proton pump inhibitors (PPI)) were examined.

Results
Twenty-six percent of participants were taking 1 medication and 21% were reported taking 2 or more medications. Alpha diversity indices of Shannon diversity, Evenness, Richness, and Faith’s phylogenetic diversity were similar among groups, likewise beta diversity as measured by Bray-Curtis dissimilarity (R2 = 0.0029, P = 0.053) and weighted UniFrac distances (R2 = 0.0028, P = 0.161) were non-significant although close to our alpha value threshold (P = 0.05). After controlling for covariates (sex, age, BMI), six genera (Saprospiraceae uncultured, Bacillus, Johnsonella, Actinobacillus, Stenotrophomonas, and Mycoplasma) were significantly different from non-medication users. Thyroid hormones, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) and PPI were the most reported medications. Shannon diversity differed significantly among those taking no medication and those taking only thyroid hormones, however, there were no significant difference in other measures of alpha- or beta diversity with single thyroid hormone, statin, or PPI use. Compared to participants taking no medications, the relative abundance of eight genera differed significantly in participants taking thyroid hormones, six genera differed in participants taking statins, and no significant differences were observed with participants taking PPI.

Conclusion
The results from this study show negligible effect of commonly used medications on microbial diversity and small differences in the relative abundance of specific taxa, suggesting a minimal influence of commonly used medication on the salivary microbiome of individuals living without major chronic conditions.
Migration: Traces in an Art Collection, Maria Lind and Cecilia Widenheim (eds)
Authors: Brereton William 
Published: December 2021

Review of: Migration: Traces in an Art Collection, Maria Lind and Cecilia Widenheim (eds)
Berlin: Sternberg Press (2021), 320 pp., p/bk,
ISBN: 978-3-95679-547-3, US $29.95
Efectos especiales made in Spain. Un análisis sobre el trucaje cinematográfico en Emilio Ruiz del Río
Authors: Lanza Vidal Darío 
Published: December 2021

Emilio Ruiz del Río fue el artista español de efectos de mayor reconocimiento internacional. Conocido como el «wizard» por su amplio repertorio de recursos, ha destacado principalmente por la calidad de sus pinturas sobre cristal y chapa, sus maquetas y sus escenarios de perspectiva forzada. Dejando al margen las descripciones de carácter práctico o instrumental, el presente trabajo busca profundizar en su obra a través de una investigación sobre los mecanismos implícitos en el particular proceso de iconización que se activa en sus creaciones y que sustenta la efectividad de sus trucajes, reflexionar sobre la realidad o irrealidad en la imagen trucada, así como poner en relieve su particular aproximación al trucaje cinematográfico, rigurosamente articulada en torno a la manipulación profílmica.
Dziecko w sytuacji rozwodu rodziców. Implikacje pedagogiczne
Authors: Lewicka Monika 
Published: December 2021

W artykule podjęta została problematyka rozwodu i jego konsekwencji dla funkcjonowania dziecka. Wskazane zostały najczęściej podawane przyczyny rozwodu oraz wybrane teorie, które mogą być wykorzystywane w podejmowanej w artykule problematyce. Podjęte zostało również zagadnienie rozwodu jako sytuacji trudnej, „zdarzenia krytycznego”, „trajektorii cierpienia”. Ukazano dziecko w sytuacji kryzysu rozwodowego, charakteryzując stadia rozwodu przez jakie przechodzi dziecko jego doświadczające. Zaprezentowane zostały również emocje towarzyszące dziecku w obliczu rozwodu rodziców. Kolejnym zagadnieniem poruszonym w artykule były sposoby radzenia sobie dziecka z rozwodem rodziców. Wskazane zostały czynniki sprzyjające pozytywnej adaptacji dziecka do sytuacji w jakiej się znajduje podczas rozwodu rodziców. W artykule zaprezentowano również implikacje pedagogiczne dotyczące tego, jak wspierać dziecko w sytuacji rozstania rodziców.
Establishing pre-analytical requirements and maximizing peptide recovery in the analytical phase for mass spectrometric quantification of amyloid-β peptides 1–42 and 1–40 in CSF
Authors: Forgrave Lauren M. , van der Gugten J. Grace , Nguyen Quyen , DeMarco Mari L. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), including Aβ42 (residues 1–42) and Aβ40 (residues 1–40), are utilized as biomarkers in the diagnostic workup of Alzheimer’s disease. Careful consideration has been given to the pre-analytical and analytical factors associated with measurement of these peptides via immunoassays; however, far less information is available for mass spectrometric methods. As such, we performed a comprehensive evaluation of pre-analytical and analytical factors specific to Aβ quantification using mass spectrometry.

Methods
Using our quantitative mass spectrometry assay for Aβ42 and Aβ40 in CSF, we investigated the potential for interference from hemolysate, bilirubin, lipids, and anti-Aβ-antibodies. We also optimized the composition of the calibrator surrogate matrix and Aβ recovery during and after solid phase extraction (SPE).

Results
There was no interreference observed with total protein up to 12 g/L, hemolysate up to 10% (v/v), bilirubin up to 0.5% (v/v), intralipid up to 1% (v/v), or anti-Aβ-antibodies at expected therapeutic concentrations. For hemolysate, bilirubin and lipids, visual CSF contamination thresholds were established. In the analytical phase, Aβ recovery was increased by ∼50% via SPE solvent modifications and by over 150% via modification of the SPE collection plate, which also extended analyte stability in the autosampler.

Conclusions
Attention to mass spectrometric-specific pre-analytical and analytical considerations improved analytical sensitivity and reproducibility, as well as, established CSF specimen acceptance and rejection criteria for use by the clinical laboratory.
Design strategies for oxy-combustion power plant captured CO2 purification
Authors: Okeke Ikenna J. , Ghantous Tia , Adams Thomas A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study presents a novel design and techno-economic analysis of processes for the purification of captured CO2 from the flue gas of an oxy-combustion power plant fueled by petroleum coke. Four candidate process designs were analyzed in terms of GHG emissions, thermal efficiency, pipeline CO2 purity, CO2 capture rate, levelized costs of electricity, and cost of CO2 avoided. The candidates were a classic process with flue-gas water removal via condensation, flue-gas water removal via condensation followed by flue-gas oxygen removal through cryogenic distillation, flue-gas water removal followed by catalytic conversion of oxygen in the flue gas to water via reaction with hydrogen, and oxy-combustion in a slightly oxygen-deprived environment with flue-gas water removal and no need for flue gas oxygen removal. The former two were studied in prior works and the latter two concepts are new to this work. The eco-technoeconomic analysis results indicated trade-offs between the four options in terms of cost, efficiency, lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions, costs of CO2 avoided, technical readiness, and captured CO2 quality. The slightly oxygen-deprived process has the lowest costs of CO2 avoided, but requires tolerance of a small amount of H2, CO, and light hydrocarbons in the captured CO2 which may or may not be feasible depending on the CO2 end use. If infeasible, the catalytic de-oxygenation process is the next best choice. Overall, this work is the first study to perform eco-technoeconomic analyses of different techniques for O2 removal from CO2 captured from an oxy-combustion power plant.
Solutions of a singular integro-differential equation related to the adhesive contact problems of elasticity theory
Authors: Shavlakadze Nugzar , Jokhadze Otar 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Exact and approximate solutions of a some type singular integro-differential equation related to problems of adhesive interaction between elastic thin half-infinite or finite homogeneous patch and elastic plate are investigated.
For the patch loaded with vertical forces, there holds a standard model in which vertical elastic displacements are assumed to be constant.
Using the theory of analytic functions, integral transforms and orthogonal polynomials, the singular integro-differential equation is reduced to a different boundary value problem of the theory of analytic functions or to an infinite system of linear algebraic equations.
Exact or approximate solutions of such problems and asymptotic estimates of normal contact stresses are obtained.
Punica granatum peel extracts mediated the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles and their detailed in vivo biological activities
Authors: Bawazeer Sami , Rauf Abdur , Nawaz Taufiq , Khalil Anees Ahmed , Javed Muhammad Sameem , Muhammad Naveed , Shah Muhammad Ajmal 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Requirements for developing new methodologies to biosynthesize nanoparticles are increasing day by day. The typical chemical synthesis of nanoparticles has raised concerns regarding environmental safety and adverse impact on human health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop green synthesized nanoparticles that are considered to be safe, ecofriendly, and cost-effective as compared to chemical approaches. Hence, in this study, we synthesized and characterized pomegranate peel extract-based gold nanoparticles (PP-AuNPs) through UV-visible spectroscopy, FT-IR, and AFM microscopy. Furthermore, the biological activities like analgesic, muscle relaxant, and sedative properties of synthesized PP-AuNPs were also determined. The change of color to dark ruby indicates the formation of AuNPs. The surface plasma resonance (SPR) peak in the absorption spectra was shown at 525 nm by using (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. A single distinctive peak implied the shape of nanoparticles to be spherical. AFM images revealed that the biosynthesized nanoparticles were spherical in shape. Furthermore, the images confirm the uniform distribution of PP-AuNPs with particle sizes ranging from 4 to 16 nm. Different classes of phytochemicals were preliminarily identified in extracts. The analgesic effect of extracts (70.04%) and PP-AuNPs (81.98%) demonstrated a significant (p < 0.001) percent reduction in writhing at a dose of 100 and 15 mg·kg−1, respectively. A mild muscle relaxant effect was noted against both the tested samples while a significant sedative effect was observed for both samples; however, PP-AuNPs weres more sedative compared to the extract. Pomegranate peel extracts and synthesized PP-AuNPs were found to possess significant analgesic, muscle relaxant, and sedative properties.
Comparative study on photooxidation of methyl orange using various UV/oxidant systems
Authors: Boukhedoua Soraya , Zouaghi Razika , Kaabeche Oualida Nour El Houda 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the present work, a comparative study of the photooxidation of an aqueous solution of Methyl Orange (MeO) has been realized using H2O2 and IO3
−, BrO3
−, ClO3
−, ClO4
−, BO3
− ions in the presence of UV low pressure mercury lamp (UV-C light at λ
max = 254 nm). The initial concentration of MeO in all experiments was 6 × 10−5 mol L−1. The degradation rate of MeO follows pseudo-first-order kinetics in all UV/Oxidant systems. The highest degradation rate of MeO was in the BrO3
−/UV254nm system. Different systems were compared for an oxidant concentration of 10−2 mol L−1 and the obtained results showed that decolorization followed the decreasing order: BrO

3

−

/UV

254 nm

> IO

3

−

/UV

254 nm

> H

2

O

2

/UV

254 nm

> BO

3

−

/UV

254 nm

> ClO

3

−

/UV

254 nm

= ClO

4

−

/UV

254 nm

= UV

254 nm
. The optimization of oxidants concentration for each process was determined (10−2 mol L−1 for IO3
− which gives almost the same k
app for 5 × 10−3, 10−2 mol L−1 for BO3
− and 5 × 10−2 mol L−1 for H2O2). No degradation of MeO in presence of ClO3
− and ClO4
− because these ions do not absorb at 254 nm, therefore they do not generate radical species which degrade organic pollutants. The mineralization was also studied where it was reached 97% after 5 h of irradiation for both H2O2/UV254 nm and BO3
−/UV254 nm systems.
Simple microwave pyrolysis kinetics of lignocellulosic biomass (oil palm shell) with activated carbon and palm oil fuel ash catalysts
Authors: Jumrat Saysunee , Punvichai Teerasak , Sae-jie Wichuta , Karrila Seppo , Pianroj Yutthapong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The important parameters characterizing microwave pyrolysis kinetics, namely the activation energy (E
a) and the rate constant pre-exponential factor (A), were investigated for oil palm shell mixed with activated carbon and palm oil fuel ash as microwave absorbers, using simple lab-scale equipment. These parameters were estimated for the Kissinger model. The estimates for E
a ranged within 31.55–58.04 kJ mol−1 and for A within 6.40E0–6.84E+1 s−1, in good agreement with prior studies that employed standard techniques: Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The E
a and A were used with the Arrhenius reaction rate equation, solved by the 4th order Runge-Kutta method. The statistical parameters coefficient of determination (R
2) and root mean square error (RMSE) were used to verify the good fit of simulation to the experimental results. The best fit had R
2 = 0.900 and RMSE = 4.438, respectively, for MW pyrolysis at power 440 W for OPS with AC as MW absorber.
Contrasting effects of prey refuge on biodiversity of species
Authors: Mohd Mohd Hafiz , Noorani Mohd Salmi Md. , Abdul Kadir Mohd Faridzul Fadzly , Zakariya Noraisah 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Refugia have been perceived as a major role in structuring species biodiversity, and understanding the impacts of this force in a community assembly with prey–predator species is a difficult task because refuge process can interact with different ecological components and may show counterintuitive effects. To understand this problem, we used a simple two-species model incorporating a functional response inspired by a Holling type-II equation and a prey refuge mechanism that depends on prey and predator population densities (i.e., density-dependent prey refuge). We then perform the co-dimension one and co-dimension two bifurcation analysis to examine steady states and its stability, together with the bifurcation points as different parameters change. As the capacity of prey refuge is varied, there occur critical values i.e., saddle-node and supercritical Hopf bifurcations. The interaction between these two co-dimension one bifurcations engenders distinct outcomes of ecological system such as coexistence of species, bistability phenomena and oscillatory dynamics. Additionally, we construct a parameter space diagram illustrating the dynamics of species interactions as prey refuge intensity and predation pressure vary; as the two saddle-node move nearer to one another, these bifurcations annihilate tangentially in a co-dimension two cusp bifurcation. We also realised several contrasting observations of refuge process on species biodiversity: for instance, while it is believed that some refuge processes (e.g., constant proportion of prey refuge) would result in exclusion of predator species, our findings show that density-dependent prey refuge is beneficial for both predator and prey species, and consequently, promotes the maintenance of species biodiversity.
An update on the physiologic changes during pregnancy and their impact on drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenomics
Authors: Eke Ahizechukwu C. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
For many years, the medical community has relied in clinical practice on historic data about the physiological changes that occur during pregnancy. However, some newer studies have disputed a number of assumptions in these data for not being evidence-based or derived from large prospective cohort-studies. Accurate knowledge of these physiological changes is important for three reasons: Firstly, it facilitates correct diagnosis of diseases during pregnancy; secondly, it enables us to answer questions about the effects of medication during pregnancy and the ways in which pregnancy alters pharmacokinetic and drug-effects; and thirdly, it allows for proper modeling of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models, which are increasingly used to predict gestation-specific changes and drug–drug interactions, as well as develop new knowledge on the mode-of-action of drugs, the mechanisms underlying their interactions, and any adverse effects following drug exposure. This paper reviews new evidence regarding the physiologic changes during pregnancy in relation to existing knowledge.
Acute and sub-acute toxicity assessment of the standardized extract of Sanguisorba minor in vivo
Authors: Ansari Legha , Mahdinezhad Mohammad Reza , Rakhshandeh Hassan , Hosseini Azar , Noughabi Samaneh Boroumand , Gholami Najibeh , Rajabian Arezoo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Although Sanguisorba minor has been used as herbal medicine, no study has ever examined its potential toxicity. This study investigated acute and subacute toxicities of S. minor hydroalcoholic extract (SE). In the acute toxicity test, a single oral dose (300, 2,000, and 3,000 mg/kg) of SE was given to mice. The oral administration of SE (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg for 4 weeks) was performed to evaluate subacute toxicity. After the treatments, neurobehavioral, histopathology, hematological, and biochemical parameters were monitored. In vitro cytotoxicity was also assessed. Moreover, high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprint was done for the standardization of SE. The no-observed-adverse-effect level of SE was up to 2,000 mg/kg, and the LD50 of the prepared extract was over 3,000 mg/kg. The rats exposed to the extract did not show any marked change in their body weight. The extract at used doses did not affect neuromuscular coordination. According to the hematological, biochemical, and histological examinations, no significant treatment-related adverse effect of the extract was observed, even at 400 mg/kg. Only 48 h exposure to 400 μg/mL of SE reduced the viability of PC12 cells. The findings revealed that this plant could be well-tolerated, regarded safe, and used as herbal medicine.
Burning mouth syndrome: a review of therapeutic approach
Authors: Nosratzehi Tahereh 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is described by an intense burning sensation of the tongue or other oral areas without a clear etiopathology. The diagnosis of BMS is challenging due to variations of manifestations. The management of BMS is complicated due to the complex etiology of the disease. Many medications and treatment methods have been recommended for BMS management, but no one confirmed as the standard method. In this study, the therapeutic approaches of BMS were evaluated. The data of the article was obtained from PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. The following terms including “burning mouth syndrome”, “therapy”, and “treatment” were used for search in the databases. A wide range of articles about the therapeutic approach of BMS was searched and reviewed. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches have been used for BMS management. Pharmacological treatments are including Capsaicin, Clonazepam, Low-dose aripiprazole, Alpha-lipoic acid, Duloxetine, Amitriptyline, Gabapentin, and Pregabalin, and ultra-micronized palmitoylethanolamide. Non-pharmacological therapies for BMS are cognitive therapy, Electroconvulsive therapy, Laser therapy, Acupuncture and auriculotherapy, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS), Salivary Mechanical Stimulation, and Botulinum Toxin. A detailed assessment of the etiology and pathophysiology of BMS, and having information about novel therapeutic interventions are essential for the management of BMS.