bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Invasive fungal infections in children with rheumatic diseases
Authors: Kozlova O. P. , Kostik M. M. , Kuznetsova M. D. , Dubko M. F. , Snegireva L. S. , Shavkin A. L. , Ligostaeva E. A. , Kopchak O. L. , Ignatieva S. M. , Bogomolova T. S. , Klimko N. N. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction. In children with rheumatic diseases, severe fungal infections (invasive mycoses – IM) are not well understood.Objectives. To analyze risk factors, disease course of IM in children with systemic rheumatic diseases.Materials and methods. For diagnosis of IM were used criteria EORTC/MSGERC, 2019. We reviewed the literature over the past 15 years on IM in children with rheumatic diseases from the international databases Pubmed and Web of Science.Results. In retrospective multicenter study were included 8 children with IM and systemic rheumatic diseases: ANCA-associated vasculitis (n=4), systemic lupus erythematosus (n=3), juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (n=1). Median age was 13,5 (8-17) y., boys – 67%. Invasive aspergillosis was diagnosed in 5 patients and invasive candidiasis – 3. The risk factors of invasive mycoses were high rheumatic disease activity (100%), corticosteroids (prednisolone ≥ 0,3 mg/kg/d) use for ≥21 d (87,5%), immunosuppressive therapy (87,5%), recent (≤ 2 weeks) pulse steroid therapy (75%), hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (62,5%), prolonged (≥ 10 days) severe neutropenia (≤ 0,5х109/l) (62,5%), and prolonged (≥10 days lymphopenia (≤ 1,0х109/l) (37,5%). In patients with invasive aspergillosis the involved organ was the lung, in patients with invasive candidiasis a candidemia was diagnoses. All patients received antifungal therapy. The overall 30 days survival rate was 37,5%.Сonclusions. Children with high rheumatic diseases activity and intensive treatment with immunosuppressive agents should be considered as patients with a high risk of invasive mycoses with a high mortality.
Herd immunity of sars-cov-2 among the population of Kalinigrad region amid the COVID-19 epidemic
Authors: Popova A. Yu. , Ezhlova E. B. , Melnikova A. A. , Babura E. A. , Mikheenko O. P. , Lyalina L. V. , Smirnov V. S. , Molchanova J. R. , Gorbatova Ya. V. , Kharitonova M. N. , Zubova A. N. , Pogrebnaya T. N. , Danilova V. I. , Kukharchuk S. V. , Dudinskaya E. V. , Arbuzova T. V. , Lomonosova V. I. , Totolian A. A. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic was announced by WHO in February 2020. In the Kaliningrad region, the first case (imported) was registered in early March 2020, the beginning of the epidemic increase fell on the 14th week. 2020, and the peak incidence was reached in the 22nd week of the year, after which there was a steady decrease in the number of cases. The study of population immunity was carried out at the 32nd week during the period of the lowest level of intensity of the epidemic process.Purpose of the study. Assessment of the assessment of the level of population immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus among the population of the Kaliningrad region during the period of the epidemic incidence of the population of COVID-19.Materials and methods. The study was carried out as part of the first stage of the Rospotrebnadzor program to assess population immunity to SARS-CoV-2 among the population of the Russian Federation. The selection of volunteers for the study was carried out by a questionnaire survey and subsequent randomization. The analysis includes the results of a survey of 2675 people. The number of volunteers in age groups ranged from 314 to 493 people. The results obtained were processed by the methods of variation statistics.Results. The results obtained showed that the average seroprevalence in the population was 50.2%, while the highest seroprevalence was found in the child age group 1-17 years (66.9%) and among persons aged 18-29 (57.0). No significant gender differences were found (men – 48,3 ± 1,6%, women – 51,1 ± 1,1%). The distribution of the proportion of seropositive people in the settlements of the region varied from 33,9% to 59.6%. The largest share of seroprevalence in the representative samples was found among people engaged in art / creativity (55,3%), the smallest – among educational workers (42,0%). Among COVID-19 convalescents, the level of humoral immunity reached 94,6%. Most of the seropositive volunteers (95,2%) did not have any symptoms of COVID-19, that is, they belonged to the category of asymptomatic carriers.Output. The results of a survey of a representative cohort of volunteers in the Kaliningrad region showed that they are characterized by a high level of population immunity, which makes it possible to expect a decrease in.
Humoral immunity to pertussis among mother-baby dyads
Authors: Samodova O. V. , Krieger E. A. , Karamyan V. G. , Rogushina N. L. , Brovkova K. P. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Infants younger than 3 months old are at high risk of severe pertussis, complications and pertussis-associated mortality. Newborns receive protection against pertussis from maternal antibodies transferred predominantly during late pregnancy. Neither disease, nor vaccination provides lifelong immunity against pertussis. So most of women have low antibody concentrations, leaving their newborn infant at a higher risk for disease in the first months of life.The aim of this study was to assess the concentration of antibodies against Вordetella pertussis among mother-baby dyads.Methods. We performed a cross-sectional study including 119 mother-baby dyads. Maternal antibodies were measured in venous blood specimens during the last trimester of pregnancy for women and in cord blood for newborn infants.Results. The median age was 30 (25; 34) years. The half of participants had unknown vaccination status (49,6%). Only 12,6% had a protective level (>18 U/mL) of anti-pertussis antibodies, 74,8% of participants had a nonprotective (<14 U/mL) level and 12,6% had an equivocal (14–18 U/mL) antibody concentrations. All newborns of seropositive women and 11,5% infants of women with an equivocal titers receive protection against pertussis. Transplacental transport ratio of antibodies against pertussis was higher in newborns of seropositive women.Conclusion. We revealed a huge proportion of pregnant women (87,4%) and newborns (77,3%) susceptible to pertussis. Maternal antibody level against pertussis was the major predictor of the antibody level in the infant.
Értelmezési anomáliák a Bécsi Vételi Egyezmény kártérítési gyakorlatában
Authors: Boros Sándor 
Published: January 2021

A dolgozat az ENSZ, az áruk nemzetközi adásvételi szerződéseiről szóló egyezményének a kártérítési joggyakorlatával kapcsolatos értelmezési anomáliákról szól.
Az Egyezmény rendelkezései univerzális jellegűek, így egységes értelmezést és alkalmazást követelnek meg a részes államok bíróságaitól, ezért a szabályok értelmezésével és a joghézagok kitöltésével foglalkozó 7. Cikk elengedhetetlen az Egyezmény sikeres alkalmazásához. Dolgozatomban a vonatkozó ítélkezési gyakorlat elemzésével, elsősorban arra kerestem választ, hogy a különböző országok ítészei érvényesítik-e az Egyezmény univerzialitását, a kártérítés értékelése tekintetében. A kérdés megválaszolása érdekében az Egyezmény kártérítési joggyakorlatát a 7. Cikk által támasztott értelmezési alapelvek relációjában értékeltem. Ennek keretén belül a 74. Cikk joggyakorlatának szisztematikus felülvizsgálatát végeztem el, összesen 144 jogesetet elemezve, a 2006-tól 2016-ig terjedő időszak tekintetében.
A felülvizsgálat eredménye azt mutatja, hogy kilenc olyan döntés született amikor a bíróság nemzeti kárfelelősségi doktrínát, jogintézményt, jogszabályt, vagy joggyakorlatot alkalmazott a 74. Cikk értelmezése során. Ez a megközelítés nyilvánvalóan nem segíti elő az egységesség megvalósítását. A nemzetközileg egységes szabályozás ugyanis csak akkor valósul meg, ha azt egységesen alkalmazzák. A 7. Cikk által támasztott értemezési követelményekből az következik, hogy az Egyezmény rendelkezéseit autonóm módon, a lehetséges nemzeti felfogástól megkülönböztetve szükséges értelmezni. A dolgozat keretében feltárt jogi problémák azokat a kérdéseket próbálják kiemelni, amelyek nagyobb figyelmet igényelnek a bíróságok részéről, erősítve ezzel az Egyezmény univerzális jellegét.
special requirements applicable to the management of national assets, with a special respect to the requirement of transparency
Authors: Lehoczki Zóra Zsófia 
Published: January 2021

The Fundamental Law of Hungary states that the property of the Hungarian State and of municipal governments shall be considered national assets. National assets shall be managed and protected for the purpose of serving the public interest, satisfying common needs and preserving natural resources, taking also into account the needs of future generations. Economic operators – such as companies - owned by the State or municipal governments shall conduct business prudently and independently, in accordance with the relevant legislation, under the requirements of legality, efficiency and effectiveness. The special requirements regarding the management and safeguarding are laid down in Act CXCVI of 2011 on National Assets (hereinafter: National Assets Act) and Act CVI of 2007 on State Property (hereinafter: State Property Act) also contains a few requirements in its preamble.
Based on the above, national assets shall be managed and protected in a special way, compared to privately owned assets. Publicly owned enterprises play a very important role in the national economy, since they provide a significant amount of GDP, they employ numerous people, they usually provide public services and last but not least they manage public funds. As a consequence, these companies shall also manage their assets with respect to the special requirements. In our article, we introduce these requirements by examining their content and also their relationship towards each other.
One of the most important requirements is transparency, since these enterprises manage public funds and according to the Fundamental Law, every organization managing public funds shall publicly account for the management of those funds. Public funds and national assets shall be managed according to the principles of transparency and of corruption-free public life. Data relating to public funds or to national assets shall be recognized as data of public interest. We lay a special emphasis on transparency by introducing the relating regulation and also by summarizing the most prominent statements of court decisions from the last few years. In their judgements the courts interpreted the requirement of transparency in connection with state-owned enterprises and the relationship between transparency and the protection of business secrets and business interests of the companies.
Waste Reduction by Improved Quality Control And Hadzad Analysis And Critical Control Point (HACCP) Implementation: A Case Study From Edfina Company For Presrved Foods, Alexandria, Egypt
Authors: El-Tanboly El-Sayed , El-Hofi Mahmoud , Abd-Rabou Nabil , Youssef Youssef Bahr , Ibrahim Osama , Kholif Adel 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Under the Under the project Support for Environmental Assessment and Management (SEAM), This project is being implemented by Reduction of Milk Losses at Miser Company for Dairy and Food, Mansoura, Egypt. It was implemented under the National Industrial Pollution Prevention Programmers (NIPPP). NIPPP focuses on the introduction and promotion of low-cost improvement measures, which can be easily and quickly implemented by factories. It also emphasizes the importance of economic benefits of any such intervention, particularly those with short pay-back periods. A summary of how these improvements were identified and the underlying problems solved, follows. Waste minimization through improved quality control procedures was implemented at Edfina Company for Preserved Foods, Alexandria, Egypt. A number of interventions costing LE 65,200 (Egyptian Pound) have yielded annual savings of LE 382,622. Quality control training and the implementation of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) system will lead to improved product quality and further savings. Although it is difficult to quantify at this stage further savings of LE 550,000 could be expected in the short term.
Further generalized refinement of Young’s inequalities for τ -mesurable operators
Authors: Ighachane Mohamed Amine , Akkouchi Mohamed 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we prove that if a, b > 0 and 0 ≤ v ≤ 1. Then for all positive integer m

(1) - For v ∈

v
∈

[

0
,

1

2

n

]

v \in \left[ {0,{1 \over {{2^n}}}} \right]

, we have

(

a

v

b

1
-
v

)

m

+

∑

k
=
1

n

2

k
-
1

v

m

(

b

m

-

(

a

b

2
k
-
1

-
1

)

m

2

k

)

2

≤

(

v
a
+

(

1
-
v

)

b

)

m

.

{\left( {{a^v}{b^{1 - v}}} \right)^m} + \sum\limits_{k = 1}^n {{2^{k - 1}}{v^m}{{\left( {\sqrt {{b^m}} - \root {{2^k}} \of {\left( {a{b^{2k - 1}} - 1} \right)m} } \right)}^2} \le {{\left( {va + \left( {1 - v} \right)b} \right)}^m}.}

(2) - For v ∈

v
∈

[

2

n

-
1

2

n

,
1

]

v \in \left[ {{{{2^n} - 1} \over {{2^n}}},1} \right]

, we have

(

a

v

b

1
-
v

)

m

+

∑

k
=
1

n

2

k
-
1

(

1
-
v

)

m

(

a

m

-

(

b

a

2
k
-
1

-
1

)

m

2

k

)

2

≤

(

v
a
+

(

1
-
v

)

b

)

m

,

{\left( {{a^v}{b^{1 - v}}} \right)^m} + \sum\limits_{k = 1}^n {{2^{k - 1}}{{\left( {1 - v} \right)}^m}{{\left( {\sqrt {{a^m}} - \root {{2^k}} \of {\left( {b{a^{2k - 1}} - 1} \right)m} } \right)}^2} \le {{\left( {va + \left( {1 - v} \right)b} \right)}^m},}

we also prove two similar inequalities for the cases v ∈

v
∈

[

2

n

-
1

2

n

,

1
2

]

v \in \left[ {{{{2^n} - 1} \over {{2^n}}},{1 \over 2}} \right]

and v ∈

v
∈

[

1
2

,

2

n

+
1

2

n

]

v \in \left[ {{1 \over 2},{{{2^n} + 1} \over {{2^n}}}} \right]

. These inequalities provides a generalization of an important refinements of the Young inequality obtained in 2017 by S. Furuichi. As applications we shall give some refined Young type inequalities for the traces, determinants, and p-norms of positive τ-measurable operators.
Metabolic predictors of ischemic stroke: Protein C, D-dimers, macroand microelements (review)
Authors: Клименко Л.Л. , Скальный А.В. , Благонравов М.Л. , Мазилина А.Н. , Буданова М.Н. , Грабеклис А.Р. 
Published: January 2021

Гематологические нарушения и гиперкоагуляционные состояния лежат в основе механизма ишемизации мозговой ткани. На образование и структуру фибрина влияют двухвалентные ионы, что в конечном итоге приводит к изменению вязкости крови, тромбоцитозу и нарушению процесса свертывания. Изменение макро- и микроэлементного баланса служит маркером нейротрофических нарушений в работе мозга задолго до их клинических проявлений: дисбаланс металло-лигандного гомеостаза является неблагоприятным фоном для дебюта ишемического инсульта. Поэтому исследование многоступенчатых гомеостатических механизмов, обеспечивающих связь кровоснабжения мозга с его метаболизмом и функцией, является ключевым пунктом при анализе патогенетических процессов нарушения мозгового кровообращения. Высокая энергетическая потребность мозга зависит от нормального кровоснабжения и постоянной регионарной перфузии. В многофакторной системе свертывания крови ключевое место занимают специфические белки - протеин С и D-димеры, а также макро- и микроэлементы.
Hematological disorders and hypercoagulability underlie the mechanism of brain ischemia. The formation and structure of fibrin are affected by divalent ions, which ultimately leads to changes in blood viscosity, thrombocytosis, and coagulopathy. Changes in the balance of macro- and microelements can predict neurotrophic disorders in the brain long before their clinical manifestation, since the disturbed metal-ligand homeostasis is an unfavorable factor for the onset of ischemic stroke. Thus, studying the multi-stage homeostatic mechanisms for the interplay of cerebral circulation and brain metabolism and function is essential for understanding the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular disorders. Normal blood supply and constant regional perfusion provide for the high brain demand for energy. Specific proteins, including protein C and D-dimers, as well as macro- and microelements, play a key role in the multifactorial coagulation system.
A Survey To Evaluate Patients’ Acceptance To Various Fixed Functional Appliance
Authors: Akriti Tiwari  , Ravindra Kumar Jain  , Remmiya Mary Varghese  
Published: January 2021

Fixed functional appliances correct class II malocclusion by bringing the mandible forward into a new position. Patients using Fixed Functional Appliances complain of difficulty in oral hygiene, soft-tissue irritation, appliance breakage, and difficulty in mastication. Hence, the aim of this study was to conduct a survey evaluating patients’ acceptance of various fixed functional appliances in a university set up. This questionnaire-based study was a university-based setting which consisted of 10 closed-ended and open-ended questions out of which 2 were open-ended questions and 8 were close-ended. It covered discomfort, difficulty in speech, brushing, mastication, oral hygiene and fracture of the appliance. Descriptive statistics were performed. Chi-square test was used to determine the discomfort experienced due to the duration of wear. The significance level for the p-value was set at 0.05. Chi-square test reported that statistically, the insignificant association observed between duration of wear and level of discomfort (p>0.31). All functional appliances have their own disadvantages and discomfort, which is dependent on the intricate fabrication as well as their implementation. Within the limits of the study, it was observed that discomfort was more in the initial few days but reduced over a period of time as the patients got adapted to the appliance.
Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth: Sausage of Medicinal Properties
Authors: Jubilee R  , Komala M  
Published: January 2021

Nature had been serving humanity from ages by providing with the food and resources of our well-being. It was serving with medicines and herbs that are used to heal many disorders. There were numerous lead molecules that had been isolated from natural sources, especially plants. Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth is a widely distributed plant in Africa. Savage tree or the cucumber plant is the common name of the plant. It belongs to the family Bignoniaceae. The plant is a native plant of Africa which is confined to the south, central and West African regions. Preliminary phytochemical screening was performed for the plant revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, carbohydrates and sapogenetic glycosides. The plant has been reported to contain flavonoids, aldehyde iridioids, coumarins like dihydroisocoumarin, naphthoquinones like pinnatal, isopnnatal, kigelinole and isokigelinole. It had been investigated and proven to possess various chemicals that treat inflammations, cancers, psoriasis, dysentery and bacterial infections.
DEMOGRAPHIC PHASE SPACE OF THE TVER REGION FROM 1989 TO 2020 AND TVER REGION POPULATION
Authors: Кудинов Алексей Никифорович , Михеев Сергей Александрович , Рыжиков Владимир Николаевич , Цветков Виктор Павлович , Цветков Илья Викторович 
Published: January 2021

Авторами предложен метод исследования особенностей демографической динамики на основе демографического фазового пространства. Целью работы является анализ динамики народонаселения Тверской области и оценка возможности ее стабилизации в будущем с использованием демографического фазового пространства. Научная новизна работы состоит в применении нового метода исследования особенностей демографической динамики на основе демографического фазового пространства на интересующем промежутке времени. В статье построены кусочно-линейные функции, которые непрерывно аппроксимируют временные ряды численности народонаселения и скорости изменения численности народонаселения Тверской области с 1989 по 2020 гг. Сконструировано демографическое фазовое пространство Тверского региона с 1989 по 2020 гг. Получены аналитические выражения, описывающие динамику тренда численности народонаселения Тверской области. Найдена асимптотическая стабилизация численности народонаселения Тверского региона на уровне 1.0998 млн человек к 2060 году.
The article proposes a method for studying the features of demographic dynamics based on the demographic phase space. The aim of the work is to analyze the dynamics of the population of the Tver region and to assess the possibility of its stabilization in the future using the demographic phase space. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the application of a new method for studying the characteristics of demographic dynamics based on the demographic phase space at the specific time interval. The article constructs piecewise linear functions that continuously approximate the time series of the population and the rate of change in the population of the Tver region from 1989 to 2020. The authors present a demographic phase space of the Tver region from 1989 to 2020t. An analytical expression describes the dynamics of the trend in the population of the Tver region. The investigation highlights an asymptotic stabilization of the population of the Tver region at the level of 1.0998 million people by 2060.
THE IMPACT OF CYCLICAL GOVERNMENT DEBT RELATIONS ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SPACE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Тишин Илья Владимирович 
Published: January 2021

Статья посвящена вопросам влияния государственных долговых отношений на трансформации финансовой системы Российской Федерации. Цель работы - обозначить проблему цикличности развития долговых отношений в России. Ее можно рассматривать как общую форму и тенденцию долговых отношений государства, однако актуальным является изучение особых факторов, модифицирующих циклы, что особенно применительно к современному этапу становления социально-экономического пространства. Научная новизна работы заключается в выявлении тенденций российской экономики, происходящих на фоне (а частично и по результатам) кризиса циклического развития долговых отношений государства. В данном случае речь идет о, своего рода, институционально-механической трансформации в финансовом секторе экономики, в рамках которой происходит внедрение ряда новых, пока еще не характерных для российских условий, инструментов.
The article is devoted to the impact of government debt relations on the transformation of the financial system. The purpose of the research is to outline the problem of cyclical government debt relations. It can be considered as a general form and tendency of state debt relations, however, the study of special factors, modifying cycles, which is applicable to the modern stage of the socio-economic space, is also relevant. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the identification of trends in the Russian economy, taking place against the background of the cyclical government debt relations crisis. We are talking about a kind of institutional-mechanical transformation in the financial sector of the economy. This transformation stimulates the introduction of new instruments.
PECULIARITIES OF FINANCIAL BEHAVIOR OF RUSSIAN HOUSEHOLDS IN MODERN CONDITIONS
Authors: Николайчук Ольга Алексеевна , Евлоева Аминат Хасановна 
Published: January 2021

Статья посвящена изучению особенностей поведения российских домашних хозяйств на современном этапе. На основе теоретических подходов различных школ экономической мысли обобщены стратегии поведения домохозяйств. Целью исследования является определение финансового поведения современных домашних хозяйств, соотнесение текущего положения с теоретическими подходами. Научная новизна полученных результатов заключается в выявлении особенностей и объективных причин поведения российских домашних хозяйств.
The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of behavior of Russian households at the present stage. Based on the theoretical approaches of various schools of economic thought, household behavior strategies are summarized. The aim of the study is to determine the financial behavior of modern households, to correlate the current situation with theoretical approaches. The scientific novelty of the results obtained consists in identifying the peculiarities and objective reasons for the behavior of Russian households.