bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Real Time Fatigue Monitoring Platform for Flexible Risers
Authors: Yuan Jiabei , Hou Yucheng , Wilson Eric , Tan Zhimin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Fatigue life of flexible risers is a critical design factor in offshore riser system design. To estimate the fatigue damage, global and local analyses are performed inhouse with inputs from operators. Metocean data, riser properties, vessel or platform RAO data are typical inputs for the fatigue analysis. In addition to the conservatism inherited in the product design methodology and API safety factor 10 for fatigue estimation, the input data may also contain some additional conservatism compared to actual operational conditions as these were estimated/projected from limited time-span of observations or predicted purely from numerical modelling. In combination, these inheriated conservatism permits the feasibility of service life extension of the flexible riser systems.
Many platforms or vessels already have real time monitoring of motions in multiple degrees of freedom and wave/current data. Furthermore, pipe internal operating conditions like pressure and temperature are usually recorded onboard. Compared to the typical input data/assumptions made in predictive analysis, these records are more precisely and directly related to the actual fatigue damage accumulation. With real time data, a more accurate estimation on fatigue performance of riser can be achieved, which could enable the service life extension without compromising the design safety factors.
A special software tool has been developed to calculate the real time fatigue damage of flexible tensile wires. The software is based on product design tools which are calibrated and independently validated with over 30 years installed operational experience. Developed in Python, the software utilizes an OrcaFlex API and a local analysis algorithm in the background. The software can be customized towards different platforms and pipe systems, as well as input data types. Depending on clients’ needs, multiple fatigue hot spots like top end fitting, bend stiffener region or touch down zone can be monitored at the same time. Other parameters like riser real time extreme response or statistical results can also be checked in the software.
This paper summarizes the development of the pipe monitoring system. It is believed that with real time inputs, the software can better assist clients to monitor the pipe fatigue performance and other related riser responses.
Novel Intelligent Pigging Tool For Deposit Inspection Using Electrical Tomography with High Computational Efficiency Enabled Through Neural Networks
Authors: Nissinen Antti , Lehtikangas Ossi , Voutilainen Arto , Laakkonen Pasi , Lehikoinen Anssi 
Published: August 2021

Objectives/ScopeDeposition inspection sensor based on electrical tomography has been proposed recently. In this work, a next generation electrical tomography sensor is introduced and a novel mathematical approach for the estimation of the deposit thickness is described. It is essential for the pipeline operators to keep the lines open for smooth flow and high flow efficiency. Deposit thickness, deposit type and location of deposit is required for optimal pipeline cleaning. The usage of chemicals as well as number of cleaning pig runs can be optimized based on the information that intelligent pig is giving.Methods, Procedures, ProcessIn electrical tomography, electrodes are attached on the surface of the sensor and excitations are applied to some electrodes and responses are measured from other electrodes. The electrical properties of the medium are estimated based on these measurements. In pigging applications, the distribution of electrical properties between the PIG surface and metal pipe is estimated. The thickness and type of deposit (wax/scale) can be identified from the estimated electrical properties. In the proposed approach the estimation of the parameters is done by using a novel deep neural network based approach. In practice, number of measurements that are analyzed after each PIG run can be hundreds of thousands. The neural network based approach was chosen in order to achieve reasonable computational efficiency (computation time) in real applications with large amounts of data.Results, Observations, ConclusionsThe introduced sensor is for 12-inch lines and designed to be used when the oil line is filled with water. This sensor was tested in a laboratory test line with artificial deposit samples. After these tests and calibration, the sensor is deployed to be used in real pipe line inspections. The major challenges in pipe line runs include the movement of the sensor during measurements, electrical noise and changing excitations. In the neural network model, the position of the PIG is estimated simultaneously with the electrical properties and the effect of all these aforementioned uncertainties are also modelled. Based on the results conclusions can be drawn on the efficiency and performance using neural networks and the high suitability of electrical tomography for deposit mapping.Novel/Additive InformationIn this study, it is shown that intelligent pig based on the electrical tomography can be used reliable for deposit inspection. Furthermore, the computation approach based on the deep neural network is computationally efficient and it is tolerable for measurement noise and other uncertainties in real measurements.
Increasing the Cost Effectiveness of Mechanically Lined Pipe for Risers Installed by Reel-Lay
Authors: Jones Richard Lloyd , Toguyeni Gregory , Hymers James , Tanscheit Peter , Romeu Nelson Bittar , Rao Venu , Banse Joachim 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The use of mechanically lined pipe (MLP) using a thin liner, i.e. 2.5mm, can provide a more cost effective linepipe material solution relative to a standard 3.0mm liner. This is especially the case for the more expensive liner materials with higher corrosion resistance, including Alloy 625. Thin liners, i.e. 2.5mm, can be used without compromising pipeline integrity and performance, whilst still fulfilling design requirements defined in most pipeline design standards, including DNVGL-ST-F101. The suitability of 2.5mm liner MLP has previously been demonstrated in service over a range of pipeline bundle projects installed with the controlled depth tow method, but not to date for risers installed by reel-lay. This paper presents the details and test results of the qualification programme to support its use for both flowlines and risers installed by reel-lay.
The qualification MLP test pipes, which comprised an outer diameter (OD) 219.1mm × wall thickness (WT) 15.9mm X65 + 2.5mm Alloy 625, were manufactured using established manufacturing procedures and facilities. Reeling and fatigue test strings were fabricated using qualified welding solutions. The fabricated test strings were subject to internal visual inspection and dimensional measurement using laser metrology in order to provide a benchmark for comparison post reeling. The test strings were given a simulated reeling procedure using bending and straightening formers representative of a reel-lay vessel with the smallest reel hub diameter, this being a conservative material straining condition. An internal pressurisation technique, as per standard installation practice for the present pipe lay contractor for MLP, was applied during the simulated reeling procedure. Post reeling the internal laser metrology inspection procedure was repeated in order to confirm the integrity of the liner and to check for the presence of any evidence of liner wrinkling or damage. Subsequently, full scale fatigue testing was performed using the high frequency resonance bending procedure. Testing was performed to ultimate failure to determine the fatigue endurance limit of the thin liner MLP.
Additionally Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was performed to further validate the satisfactory reeling performance of the thin liner MLP. The FE numerical analysis embraced manufacture of the MLP pipe and test samples coupled with the reeling procedure. Sensitivity analysis on pipe strength and geometrical mismatch was performed to demonstrate the robustness of the linepipe material solution and reeling procedure.
All of the critical qualification activities were performed and verified by DNVGL and in accordance with the guidance of DNVGL-RP-A203 Technology Qualification process.
The paper highlights the qualification programme performed to enable the cost effective use of thin liner MLP, specifically Alloy 625, for risers installed by reel-lay.
Analysis of Carbon Footprint Applied to Conceptual Engineering of Offshore Production Units
Authors: Basilio Leandro Pereira , Machado Priscilla Badega , Sousa Débora Calaza de , Barbosa Agremis Guinho , Juliano Diego Russo , Boeira Pauline Santa Rosa Simões Drummond , Andreotti Marcelo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
As the environmental impact is critical for industry sustainability, early quantifying Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions of offshore units represents a central role and step-change improvement across the O&G value chain. Developing an overarching realistic model to estimate GHG emissions is a challenge due to the different methodologies available, the complexity of offshore installations, and the degree of uncertainty in the estimation of emission factors.
The present work focuses on the earlier stages of new development, notably in Front End Loading-1 (FEL-1) and FEL-2, i.e., opportunity identification and conceptual engineering studies, respectively. The primary objective of this study is to propose an innovative modeling methodology to quantify Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions in offshore production facilities. Since E&P companies consider current and future carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) emissions as a factor into capital projects economics, this study additionally proposes a semi-empirical model for OPEX calculation considering the impact related to emissions (on a CO2e basis).
Emissions of GHG in the O&G industry typically occur from one of the following general source classes: (i) combustion sources, including both stationary devices and mobile equipment; (ii) process emissions and vented sources; (iii) fugitive sources; and (iv) indirect sources. The projection of carbon emission costs along the asset life cycle is performed to simulate the economic impact of such emission on an OPEX perspective. After estimating the CO2e emissions, the procedure consists of using the "Carbon Emission Cost Projection" to calculate the cost of the CO2 emitted and penalize the OPEX of the evaluated alternative.
The proposed model can be used to estimate Carbon Footprint for each one of the several conceptual engineering alternatives evaluated during the conceptual phase of the project, improving not only the techno-economic analysis but also the decision-making process of Capital Projects in the O&G Industry.
Simulator-based Videolaryngoscopy Training for Capacity Building in Intubation during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Agrawal Sanjay , Pathak Sharmistha , Bhardwaj Bharat Bhushan , Arora Poonam , Kabi Ankita , Kathrotia Rajesh , Rao Shalinee 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has presented the healthcare sector with unique challenges. The use of a videolaryngoscope (VL) for intubation is one of the recommendations. The paucity of availability of VL outside the operation room results in lack of intubation skills with VL among clinicians. This study was undertaken to analyse the effectiveness of fast-tracked simulation-based training in enabling frontline resident doctors with skills of videolaryngoscopy.

Material and Methods:
Residents already trained in the skills of direct laryngoscopy underwent training on VL using the King Vision™ VL (channeled blade) through structured simulation-based training in batches of <20. Sessions included interactive lecture, demonstration by the instructor and supervised hands-on practice by residents on an airway manikin. Knowledge gained was assessed with multiple-choice questions through a pre-test and post-test. Skills gained were assessed through Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) and Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (DOPS). Feedback was taken from participants on a 3-point Likert scale.

Results:
190 residents were enabled with skills of videolaryngoscopy within 3 months. Overall mean pre-test scores of 6.16 ± 1.79 improved to 7.21 ± 2.02 in post-test scores and improvement in knowledge was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.0001). Skill assessment through DOPS revealed excellent performance by 72% of participants while 3% scored borderline. OSCE results showed overall good performance by residents across various clinical disciplines. 90.4% of participants responded that training gave them the confidence to perform videolaryngoscopy.

Conclusion:
A well-structured simulation-based training on videolaryngoscopy is effective in imparting indirect airway management skills to residents of various clinical specialties. Simulation-based fast-tracked training is an effective method to train a large number of clinicians within a limited period.
Awake Tracheal Intubation during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Nandi Rudranil , Bhajikhav Kruti , Gupta Nandita , Pal Angshuman Rudra , Desai Neha , Goswami Jyotsna 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly affected routine healthcare including cancer care across the world. Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the most common cancer in India and has a good prognosis if treated surgically in early stages. HNC patients often present with difficult airway with reduced mouth opening requiring awake tracheal intubation (ATI). Health professionals are at a risk of getting infected with COVID-19 during ATI, a potential aerosol-generating procedure. We aimed to evaluate the modifications of ATI techniques used during the COVID-19 pandemic in our institution.

Methodology:
This retrospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary cancer care centre. All patients who had ATI performed between 25th March 2020 and 31st May 2020 were included in the study. The type of barrier methods used to prevent aerosol spread and the methods used to provide topical anaesthesia of the airway were documented and analysed.

Results:
Twenty-three patients underwent ATI during that period. Barrier methods such as aerosol box or transparent plastic drapes to prevent aerosol spread were used in 48% of patients. Lignocaine nebulisation and transtracheal lignocaine injection were administered in 70% and 87% of patients, respectively, during the study period. Spray-as-you-go lignocaine topicalisation and oral lignocaine spray for airway topicalisation were used in 22% and 39% of patients, respectively, during this period. Five techniques were used for ATI – conventional, under aerosol box (single anaesthesiologist and two anaesthesiologists) and under transparent plastic drape (in one technique, both airway topicalisation and intubation were done under the drape; in another, only intubation was performed under the drape).

Conclusions:
With modifications of the routine technique, ATI can be performed safely during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Long-term outcome of kidney retransplants with different donor sources
Authors: Gheith Osama A. , Nagib Ayman Maher , Halim Medhat A. , Rida Suzann , Mahmoud Tarek , Nair Prasad , Alotaibi Torki 
Published: August 2021

Background
It has been reported that the long-term survival of second transplants may be similar to that of primary transplants. Reports of retransplantation outcomes are scarce, especially in the middle east region. We aimed to present our experience with second renal transplant in Kuwait and compare the donor source among our retransplant recipients.

Patients and methods
Data of kidney retransplants, under follow-up at the Hamed Al-essa Organ Transplant Center of Kuwait, between 1980 and 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Out of 3038 kidney transplants, 198 (6.51%) were kidney retransplants. The number of kidney transplants from living donors was 150; from deceased donors, 48 and third transplants represented 15 cases. We compared living donor group 1 with deceased donor group 2 in terms of demographics, posttransplant complications and outcome.

Results
We observed that episodes of acute antibody-mediated rejection (nine cases, 18.7%, in group 1 vs. eight cases, 16.6%, in group 2, respectively) and T-cell-mediated rejection (14 cases, 9.33%, in group 1 vs.15 cases, 10%, in group 2, respectively) were more frequent among patients in group 2, but this did not reach statistical significance. In terms of the second graft outcome, we observed that the percentage of patients with failed grafts was higher among group 2 patients, but this did not reach statistical significance during their last follow-up, while the two groups were comparable in terms of patient outcome.

Conclusion
Both living donor and cadaveric renal allotransplants carry the same risk for graft rejection, either AMR or ACR. Meanwhile retransplants who received their kidneys from either living or deceased donors had experienced similar graft and patients’ outcomes. Therefore, retransplant either from living or deceased donor is considered a good option after first renal allograft loss.
Retinal findings in chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis
Authors: Hagag Rasha Youssef , El-Attar Shimaa Hassan , Elrefaey Waleed , Nawar Amin E. , El gharbawy Nashwa M. 
Published: August 2021

Background
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an irreversible condition that leads to progression to end-stage renal disease that requires hemodialysis or kidney transplantation for patient survival and these patients are at risk of developing many complications. In the present study, the retinal findings in CKD patients on hemodialysis are evaluated.

Patients and methods
This is a cross-sectional noninterventional study that was carried out on CKD patients on hemodialysis for at least 3 months in the Nephrology Unit, Tanta University, Egypt; 160 eyes of 80 patients were included over 6 months. A complete ophthalmic evaluation was performed. Color fundus and spectral domain optical coherence tomography were performed at presentation.

Results
The visual acuity ranged from 6/6 to 6/18 in 80 eyes, which represents 50%, from 6/24 to 6/60 in 62 eyes, which represents 38.75%, and from less than 6/60 to perception of light in 18 eyes, which represents 11.25%. Fundus examination revealed that eight eyes were normal (5%). Hypertensive retinal changes occurred in 82 eyes with variable degrees of retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy was found in 30 (18.75%) eyes and macular degeneration was detected in 20 (12.5%) eyes. Retinal vasculitis occurred in two (1.25%) eyes, branch retinal vein occlusion was detected in six (3.75%) eyes, glaucomatous optic neuropathy was found in eight (5%) eyes and central retinal artery occlusion occurred in four (2.5%) eyes.

Conclusion
The most common visual problems in hemodialysis patients that lead to visual loss are hypertensive and diabetic retinopathy. Hence, it is mandatory to screen fundus changes in CKD to prevent loss of vision.
Implementasi Metode Ripple Down Rules dalam Mendiagnosa Penyakit Lupus
Authors: Tajrin Tajrin , Rusydi Ibnu 
Published: August 2021

Penyakit Systemic Lupus Erythethematosus atau Lupus eritematosus sistemik suatu penyakit yang menyerang seluruh organ tubuh mulai dari ujung kaki hingga ujung rambut, yang disebabkan oleh penurunan kekebalan tubuh manusia, dan lebih dikenal penyakit sebagai autoimun. Penyakit ini sebenarnya telah dikenal sejak jaman Yunani kuno oleh Hipokrates, namun pengobatan yang tepat belum diketahui. Penyakit ini tidak menular, tetapi didapatkan hampir seluruh penderita Systemic Lupus Erythematosus adalah perempuan (80%-89%)
LA BANQUE ISLAMIQUE ; NATURE SPECIFIQUE ET EVOLUTION / THE ISLAMIC BANK; SPECIFIC NATURE AND EVOLUTION
Authors: Asraoui Fadi Oukili , Hamich Mhamed , Lahiala Abdelfattah 
Published: August 2021

La finance islamique est désormais une composante essentielle de la finance mondiale. Elle connait une croissance vertigineuse dans plusieurs pays musulmans à l’instar des pays de Golfe et de l’Asie Sud – Est. Elle a fait preuve d’innovation et a pu s’implanter dans plusieurs pays où elle cohabite avec la finance conventionnelle La finance participative, en se basant sur les percepts islamiques, peut présenter des opportunités qu’elle offrirait par sa contribution au financement des secteurs prioritaires. La finance islamique est une finance éthique qui s’inspire sur des valeurs morales et des enseignements de la Charia. Elle repose essentiellement sur l’interdiction des taux d’intérêt dans les opérations d’endettement (plus connu sous le nom de « riba »), et sur le principe de partage des pertes et des profits ; ce qui constitue les éléments distinctifs à l’égard de la finance conventionnelle.

Islamic finance is now an essential component of the global finance. It is experiencing dizzying growth in several Muslim countries such as the Gulf countries and Southeast Asia. It has demonstrated innovation and has been able to establish itself in several countries where it coexists with conventional finance
Crowdfunding, based on Islamic precepts, can present opportunities that it would offer through its contribution to funding priority sectors. Islamic finance is ethical finance that draws on moral values and the teachings of Sharia. It is essentially based on the prohibition of interest rates in debt transactions (better known as "riba"), and on the principle of profit and loss sharing; which constitutes the distinguishing elements with regard to conventional finance.

JEL: G21, G29

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PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT IN YOUTH SPORTS: PERCEIVED AND DESIRED BEHAVIOUR BY CHILDREN
Authors: Mastrorilli Gioacchino , Greco Gianpiero 
Published: August 2021

<p>Little is known about parent support and perceived pressures in sport. Therefore, we assessed the perceived and desired parental involvement by children and examined their satisfaction or dissatisfaction with any specific behaviour. By Parental Involvement in Sport Questionnaire (PISQ), discrepancy scores revealed that children reported excessive Active Involvement and Pressure, insufficient Praise and Understanding but satisfactory Directive Behaviour from their parents. Findings suggest that excessive parental involvement could be a source of pressure among children that would rather have greater parental participation characterized by praise and understanding. Thus, parents should be advised on how to support their children in a positive and non-invasive way, preventing burnout and dropout.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0656/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>