bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The fragmentary production of knowledge on cultural heritage on the Arab world: From an orientalist vision to a scarce engagement with epistemological and theoretical spheres
Authors: Daher Rami Farouk 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to attempt to provide a critical assessment of the trajectory and nature of the production of knowledge on cultural heritage on the Arab world. This evaluation of the discipline or field of cultural heritage will focus on both a historic evolution and on current practices in order to understand the nature and politics of that evolution.Design/methodology/approachThe approach and research methodology adopted for this paper depends primarily on a long-term critical literature review and content analysis that took place over the past 25 years concerning key reports, journal articles, books and other publications on cultural heritage on the Arab world.FindingsThe paper's main findings centers on presenting current practices/production on cultural heritage which are divided into two categories in terms of production of knowledge: an abundant engagement with a technical sphere dominated with concern for documentation and conservation technology of cultural heritage; and a scarce engagement with epistemological and theoretical spheres that delves into processes of cultural heritage definition, consumption and continuity in the Arab world.Originality/valueThe paper attempts to engage in and commence a much-needed wider discussion on the historical transformation concerning knowledge production on cultural heritage in the Arab world and its related practices and processes. The paper emphasizes the significance of this engagement with theoretical spheres of conservation and calls for an expansion of such engagement in order to elevate the discourse and debate on cultural heritage in the Arab world.
The socio-demographic determinants of workplace loneliness in India
Authors: Firoz Mantasha , Chaudhary Richa , Lata Madhu 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThis study was conducted with two main objectives: (1) to examine the prevalence of workplace loneliness in the Indian manufacturing and service sectors (2) to examine the influence of socio-demographic characteristics (age, gender, marital status, nature of the organization, tenure, number of friends at the workplace, and position in the organizational hierarchy) on the feeling of loneliness in the workplace.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 934 employees working in manufacturing and service sectors across India. Regression analysis was used for hypotheses testing.FindingsFindings indicated below average level of loneliness in Indian workplace. Significant differences were found in workplace loneliness with respect to age, marital status and number of friends at the workplace. In contrast, gender, nature of organization, position and tenure had no effect on the feeling of workplace loneliness.Originality/valueThis study advances the limited literature on workplace loneliness by identifying its prevalence and socio-demographic determinants in Indian business organizations. It would help HR practitioners in comprehending and dealing with the emerging challenges associated with workplace loneliness.
Do mistakes acceptance foster innovation? Polish and US cross-country study of tacit knowledge sharing in IT
Authors: Kucharska Wioleta 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
This study aims to understand and compare how the mechanism of innovative processes in the information technology (IT) industry – the most innovative industry worldwide – is shaped in Poland and the USA in terms of tacit knowledge awareness and sharing driven by a culture of knowledge and learning, composed of a learning climate and mistake acceptance.

Design/methodology/approach
Study samples were drawn from the IT industry in Poland (n = 350) and the USA (n = 370) and analyzed using the structural equation modeling method.

Findings
True learning derives from mistake acceptance. As a result of a risk-taking attitude and critical thinking, the IT industry in the USA is consistently innovation-oriented. Specifically, external innovations are highly correlated with internal innovations. Moreover, a knowledge culture supports a learning culture via a learning climate. A learning climate is an important facilitator for learning from mistakes.

Originality/value
This study revealed that a high level of mistake acceptance stimulates a risk-taking attitude that offers a high level of tacit knowledge awareness as a result of critical thinking, but critical thinking without readiness to take a risk is useless for tacit knowledge capturing.
The concept of “spatial knowledge” used by top-management-teams and CEOs in internationalization
Authors: Powell K. Skylar , Lim Eunah 
Published: May 2021

PurposeTop-management-teams (TMTs) and chief executive officers (CEOs) dealing with internationalization are naturally predisposed to deal with space, so they will consult “spatial knowledge.” The purpose of this paper is to offer a conceptual description of spatial knowledge used by TMTs/CEOs and to describe how the use of spatial knowledge can be triggered and the resulting biases that arise from it. The description of spatial knowledge is also discussed in relation to core international business (IB) theories/models.Design/methodology/approachThis is a conceptual study.FindingsTMTs/CEOs use spatial knowledge for internationalization decisions. This spatial knowledge is “declarative” because it involves knowledge of places and associated characteristics or attributes, “configurational” because it involves knowledge of various types of relative positions and proximities between places and “procedural” because it involves knowledge of how to structure transactions, operate or organize interdependencies between locations. Additionally, TMTs/CEOs individually have spatial knowledge that is uniquely distorted. Then, finally, when TMTs/CEOs consult spatial knowledge to identify international opportunities or solutions, their search process may entail distance and directional biases as a result of their spatial knowledge.Originality/valueThis is the first paper to introduce the notion of “spatial knowledge” to the research on TMT/CEO experiences and internationalization and IB research in general.
Efficacy of a moisturizer for pruritus accompanied by xerosis in patients undergoing dialysis: A multicenter, open‐label, randomized verification study
Authors: Yoshida Yukie , Hirama Akio , Hashimoto Kazumasa , Sato Takeshi , Yokota Noritsugu , Saeki Hidehisa , Kishida Momoyo , Nakamura Hiroshi , Kanakubo Akira , Tsuruoka Shuichi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractXerosis and pruritus are common in patients undergoing dialysis. These symptoms are treated with moisturizers, but limited evidence supports the efficacy of such treatment. Our exploratory study suggested the effectiveness of a heparinoid‐containing product for xerosis in dialysis patients. We conducted a multicenter, open‐label, randomized, before‐after, parallel‐group comparative study to verify the exploratory study results (Clinical Trial Registry: UMIN000029360). Seventy‐one Japanese patients undergoing dialysis with chronic kidney disease and xerosis were randomly assigned to receive a heparinoid‐containing product for 2 weeks (group A [n = 36]) or 8 weeks (group B [n = 35]). Patients were instructed to apply the study product based on the fingertip unit method. The efficacy endpoints were the water content of the stratum corneum (WCSC), skin dryness score, pruritus visual analog scale score, and Dermatology Life Quality Index. Safety was assessed by monitoring adverse events. The mean WCSC (arbitrary units) was 26.0 ± 9.6 in group A and 25.2 ± 10.0 in group B at the start of treatment (week 0), significantly increased to 39.0±12.5 in group A and 38.5 ± 11.0 in group B (P < 0.0001 for both vs week 0) by week 2, and then decreased only in group A. Thus, the WCSC at week 4 (the primary endpoint) remained significantly higher in group B (36.4 ± 12.2 vs 28.8 ± 10.4; P = 0.0068). Other endpoints improved during treatment with the study product. One patient developed a rash and erythema as treatment‐related adverse events. In conclusion, 8 weeks’ application of a heparinoid‐containing product was effective for xerosis in patients undergoing dialysis.
“Homeless” Deities and Refugee Devotees: Hindu Temples, Sri Lankan Tamil Diaspora, and Politics in the United Kingdom
Authors: Maunaguru Sidharthan 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTThis article explores the role played by Hindu temples in Sri Lankan Tamils’ lives in the diaspora in the United Kingdom. It investigates why those temples became not only places for religious worship but also hubs for the expression of Tamil nationalistic political views, while temples in Sri Lanka managed to keep those politics at bay. Departing from studies on religious belonging in the diaspora, I argue for the specificity of the Sri Lankan experience as mingled with the suffering of war and Tamil nationalistic politics, thus suggesting that historical and political processes are key to understand ways of belonging. I use the lens of the capacity of the sovereign deities to unravel the various ways employed by deities to cater to their devotees’ needs. I explore how Hindu deities and refugee devotees in London, while accommodating nationalistic politics, try to establish their own power and claim a form of belonging in the new country. I argue that in the process, both the new sovereign deities and Tamil migrants/refugees not only need each other but also need the deities from home across time and space. [politics, religion, sovereign deity, belonging, diaspora]
Association of the Geriatric 8 with treatment intensity and prognosis in older patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Lee Shin , Fujita Kei , Morishita Tetsuji , Oiwa Kana , Tsukasaki Hikaru , Negoro Eiju , Hara Takeshi , Tsurumi Hisashi , Ueda Takanori , Yamauchi Takahiro 
Published: May 2021

SummaryBecause of the heterogeneity among older patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the establishment of an easy‐to‐use geriatric assessment tool is an unmet need. We verified the impact of the Geriatric 8 (G8) on treatment stratification and overall survival (OS). We conducted a retrospective, multicentre analysis of older patients (≥65 years) with DLBCL. The primary endpoint was OS. The total average relative dose intensity (tARDI) was defined as the average delivered dose intensity divided by the planned dose intensity through all cycles. A total of 451 patients were diagnosed with DLBCL from 2007 to 2017, and 388 patients received standard regimens. A multivariate Cox model confirmed that the G8 was a significant predictor of OS (hazard ratio 0·88, 95% confidence interval 0·828–0·935). A Cox model with restricted cubic spline showed a linear association between the G8 and the mortality risk. The G8 had a significant impact on OS in elderly patients with DLBCL. The upper limit of tARDI for standard regimens to improve OS might be appropriate at ≥80% for patients with high G8 scores and 60% for patients with low G8 scores. However, the standard regimens should be given to all patients regardless of the G8 score to improve OS.
Cyanogenic potential of randomly sampled fresh and processed cassava on retail sale in Singapore
Authors: O'Brien Gerard M. , Lim Boon Jin , Ong Yi Lin , Toh Kian Han , Sim Cong Shan , Koh Rose 
Published: May 2021

SummaryA random sample of fresh cassava roots and cassava products, purchased at various retail outlets in Singapore during 2016–2017, had total cyanogenic potential (CNp–expressed as mean ± standard deviation, mg kg−1 HCN, fresh weight basis) as follows: fresh roots (n = 66) from three SE Asian countries, 59.0 ± 19.2; peeled chilled root pieces from Malaysia (20 × 1‐kg packs), 38.5 ± 16.5; cassava flour from Indonesia (8 × 1‐kg packs), 11.7 ± 8.2; dried Indonesian chips for home frying (5 × 250 g packs), 61.6 ± 16.5; one pack (120 g) of Malaysian ready‐to‐eat (RTE) chips, 17.1 ± 3.2. CNp in all flour and RTE chips was below 20 mg kg−1. The majority of fresh roots (59.1%) and packs of dried chips (80%), and 15% of packs of peeled chilled root parenchyma, exceeded the Codex Alimentarius limit (50 mg kg−1) for ‘sweet’ (boil‐and‐eat) cassava.
Micronised‐roasted coffee from unripe fruits improves bioactive compounds and fibre contents in rice extruded breakfast cereals
Authors: Sampaio Ulliana Marques , Pereira Ana Paula Aparecida , Campelo Pedro Henrique , Pastore Gláucia Maria , Chang Yoon Kil , Clerici Maria Teresa Pedrosa Silva 
Published: May 2021

SummaryUnripe green coffee is one of the by‐products from coffee processing that does not have many applications in higher value‐added food products. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical, technological, and sensory properties of rice‐based breakfast cereal made with micronised‐roasted coffee (MRC) from green coffee fruits. The products were elaborated with different MRC concentrations (2, 5 and 9%) and manufactured in a single screw extruder. Data were analysed by analysis of variance and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). The increase in MRC concentration improved the contents of caffeine, chlorogenic and caffeic acids in the breakfast cereals, and reduced the luminosity and expansion index due to the presence of brown colour and fibres from coffee beans. The cereal made with 5% of MRC was more accepted by consumers. Thus, MRC has proven to be a potential source of bioactive compounds, fibres and natural brownish colour for breakfast cereals.
Distinct responses of human peripheral blood cells to different misfolded protein oligomers
Authors: Leal‐Lasarte Magdalena , Mannini Benedetta , Chiti Fabrizio , Vendruscolo Michele , Dobson Christopher M. , Roodveldt Cintia , Pozo David 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIncreasing evidence indicates that peripheral immune cells play a prominent role in neurodegeneration connected to protein misfolding, which are associated with formation of aberrant aggregates, including soluble protein misfolded oligomers. The precise links, however, between the physicochemical features of diverse oligomers and their effects on the immune system, particularly on adaptive immunity, remain currently unexplored, due partly to the transient and heterogeneous nature of the oligomers themselves. To overcome these limitations, we took advantage of two stable and well‐characterized types of model oligomers (A and B), formed by HypF‐N bacterial protein, type B oligomers displaying lower solvent‐exposed hydrophobicity. Exposure to oligomers of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) revealed differential effects, with type B, but not type A, oligomers leading to a reduction in CD4+ cells. Type A oligomers promoted enhanced differentiation towards CD4+CD25HighFoxP3+ Tregs and displayed a higher suppressive effect on lymphocyte proliferation than Tregs treated with oligomers B or untreated cells. Moreover, our results reveal Th1 and Th17 lymphocyte differentiation mediated by type A oligomers and a differential balance of TGF‐β, IL‐6, IL‐23, IFN‐γ and IL‐10 mediators. These results indicate that type B oligomers recapitulate some of the biological responses associated with Parkinson's disease in peripheral immunocompetent cells, while type A oligomers resemble responses associated with Alzheimer's disease. We anticipate that further studies characterizing the differential effects of protein misfolded oligomers on the peripheral immune system may lead to the development of blood‐based diagnostics, which could report on the type and properties of oligomers present in patients.
Clinical Applications of Intraoral Scanning in Removable Prosthodontics: A Literature Review
Authors: AlRumaih Hamad S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeThis review aimed to identify the reported intraoral scanning applications in fabricating different types of removable prostheses in the field of prosthodontics.MethodsA comprehensive electronic search was performed using the PubMed and MEDLINE databases. This review included in vitro studies and clinical reports published between January 2013 and March 2021. The main keywords were as follows: intraoral scanning, digital impression, computerized digital impression, removable prosthesis, chairside computer‐aided design/computer‐assisted manufacturing, digital complete denture, digital immediate complete denture, digital interim complete denture, digital removable partial denture, digital removable overdenture, digital obturator, digital occlusal splints, and digital maxillofacial prostheses.ResultsIn total, 33 papers (22 clinical reports, 8 papers focused on dental techniques, and 3 clinical studies) were included in the final analysis.ConclusionsThe efficiency of using intraoral scanning in the field of removable prosthodontics was documented. However, there is a need for more clinical studies to identify intraoral scanning‐usage protocols and to yield reliable and valid data.
Diet of the introduced red fox Vulpes vulpes in Australia: analysis of temporal and spatial patterns
Authors: Fleming Patricia A. , Crawford Heather M. , Stobo‐Wilson Alyson M. , Dawson Stuart J. , Dickman Christopher R. , Dundas Shannon J. , Gentle Matthew N. , Newsome Thomas M. , O’Connor Julie , Palmer Russell , Riley Joanna , Ritchie Euan G. , Speed James , Saunders Glen , Stuart John‐Michael D. , Thompson Eilysh , Turpin Jeff M. , Woinarski John C.Z. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

The red fox Vulpes vulpes is one of the world’s most widespread carnivores. A key to its success has been its broad, opportunistic diet. The fox was introduced to Australia about 150 years ago, and within 30 years of its introduction was already recognised as a threat to livestock and native wildlife.

We reviewed 85 fox diet studies (totalling 31693 samples) from throughout the species’ geographic range within Australia. Mammals were a major component of fox diet, being present in 70 ± 19% of samples across n = 160 locations. Invertebrates (38 ± 26% n = 130) and plant material (26 ± 25% n = 123) were also both staple foods and often the dominant food category recorded. Birds (13 ± 11% n = 137) and reptiles (10 ± 15% n = 132) were also commonly reported, while frogs were scarcely represented (1.6 ± 3.6% n = 111) in fox diet studies.

Biogeographical differences reveal factors that likely determine prey availability. Diet composition varied with ecosystem, level of vegetation clearing and condition, and climate zone.

Sample type (i.e. stomach versus scat samples) also significantly influenced reporting of diet composition. Livestock and frogs were underrepresented in records based on analysis of scats, whereas small mammals (native rodents, dasyurid marsupials, and bats) were more likely to be recorded in studies of scats than in studies of stomach contents.

Diet varied seasonally, reflecting activity patterns of prey species and food availability. This synthesis also captures temporal shifts in fox diet over 70 years (1951–2020), as foxes have switched to consuming more native species in the wake of successful broadscale biological control of the invasive European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus.

Diet analyses, such as those summarised in this review, capture the evidence required to motivate for greater control of foxes in Australia. This synthesis also highlights the importance of integrated pest species management to meet biodiversity conservation outcomes.
Euro Area Income and Wealth Effects: Aggregation Issues*
Authors: de Bondt Gabe , Gieseck Arne , Herrero Pablo , Zekaite Zivile 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis empirical study for private consumption in the euro area and the four largest euro area countries validates the need to separate components of income and supports the common practice to split wealth. A focus on income and wealth components avoids an aggregation bias in estimated income and wealth effects. It finds little evidence in favour of an extensive country aggregation issue given direct euro area estimates of income and wealth propensities and forecasts for consumption are not too different from those indirectly aggregated across the four largest euro area countries.
Improved plant cytosine base editors with high editing activity, purity, and specificity
Authors: Ren Qiurong , Sretenovic Simon , Liu Guanqing , Zhong Zhaohui , Wang Jiaheng , Huang Lan , Tang Xu , Guo Yachong , Liu Li , Wu Yuechao , Zhou Jie , Zhao Yuxin , Yang Han , He Yao , Liu Shishi , Yin Desuo , Mayorga Rocio , Zheng Xuelian , Zhang Tao , Qi Yiping , Zhang Yong 
Published: May 2021

SummaryCytosine base editors (CBEs) are great additions to the expanding genome editing toolbox. To improve C‐to‐T base editing in plants, we first compared seven cytidine deaminases in the BE3‐like configuration in rice. We found A3A/Y130F‐CBE_V01 resulted in the highest C‐to‐T base editing efficiency in both rice and Arabidopsis. Furthermore, we demonstrated this A3A/Y130F cytidine deaminase could be used to improve iSpyMacCas9‐mediated C‐to‐T base editing at A‐rich PAMs. To showcase its applications, we first applied A3A/Y130F‐CBE_V01 for multiplexed editing to generate microRNA‐resistant mRNA transcripts as well as pre‐mature stop codons in multiple seed trait genes. In addition, we harnessed A3A/Y130F‐CBE_V01 for efficient artificial evolution of novel ALS and EPSPS alleles which conferred herbicide resistance in rice. To further improve C‐to‐T base editing, multiple CBE_V02, CBE_V03 and CBE_V04 systems were developed and tested in rice protoplasts. The CBE_V04 systems were found to have improved editing activity and purity with focal recruitment of more uracil DNA glycosylase inhibitors (UGIs) by the engineered single guide RNA 2.0 scaffold. Finally, we used whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) to compare six CBE_V01 systems and four CBE_V04 systems for genome‐wide off‐target effects in rice. Different levels of cytidine deaminase‐dependent and sgRNA‐independent off‐target effects were indeed revealed by WGS among edited lines by these CBE systems. We also investigated genome‐wide sgRNA‐dependent off‐target effects by different CBEs in rice. This comprehensive study compared 21 different CBE systems, and benchmarked PmCDA1‐CBE_V04 and A3A/Y130F‐CBE_V04 as next‐generation plant CBEs with high editing efficiency, purity, and specificity.
HIV self‐testing: A review and analysis to guide HIV prevention policy
Authors: O’Byrne Patrick 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHIV self‐testing is a relatively new approach to HIV testing that, with increasing licensure in many countries, is an impending intervention. Considering such current or near‐future implementation, it is important for HIV prevention policymakers to reflect on if and how to incorporate HIV self‐testing. In this paper, using the Impact Fraction Model and the Anderson‐May equation, I discuss how HIV self‐testing should be an efficacious prevention approach when targeted appropriately. I then review the potential impacts of self‐testing on HIV surveillance and discuss possible ethical concerns about such testing. The outcome of this analysis is that, while some issues may arise related to surveillance, and while some ethical concerns can be raised, no empirical evidence substantiates either, suggesting that HIV self‐testing is an important strategy if it can be focused on and used by the persons most affected by HIV.