bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delineation of genotype × environment interaction for identification of stable genotypes for tillering phase drought stress tolerance in sugarcane
Authors: Mahadevaiah C. , Hapase Prakash , Sreenivasa V. , Hapase Ramesh , Swamy H. K. Mahadeva , Anilkumar C. , Mohanraj K. , Hemaprabha G. , Ram Bakshi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSugarcane is a trans-seasonal long-duration crop and tillering phase (60–150 days) is the most sensitive phase for moisture stress, causing significant reduction in biomass accumulation. The study focussed to assess the Genotype × Environment Interaction (GEI) for tillering phase moisture stress and to identify the stable genotypes in sugarcane. The study dealt with 14 drought tolerant genotypes and two standards (Co 86032 and CoM 0265) which were evaluated in two plant and one ratoon trials at four locations in Maharashtra, India. The moisture stress was imposed for 60 days from 90 to 150 days after planting and corresponded to tillering phase by withholding the irrigation. The AMMI ANOVA showed significant GEI for cane and CCS yield accounting 18.33 and 19.45 percent of variability respectively. Drought and genotype main effects were highly significant accounting 49.08 and 32.59 percent variability for cane yield and, 52.45 and 28.10 percent variability for CCS yield respectively. The first two interactive principal component (IPCA) biplots of AMMI showed diverse nature of all four environments and the DiscriminativevsMean biplots of Genotype + genotype × environment interaction (GGE) model showed that ‘Pune’ as the highly discriminating environment. The genotype ranking biplots of GGE showed that Co 85019 was the most stable genotype followed by Co 98017. Similar results were also observed in YieldvsIPCA1 biplot of AMMI, which revealed Co 85019 and Co 98017 as high yielding stable varieties. Yield related environmental maximum (YREM) showed thirteen and nine percent loss due to crossover interactions in Co 85019 for cane yield and CCS yield respectively. The multi-environment BLUP and genotype stability index (GSI) has reaffirmed that Co 85019 as a drought proof and stable genotype with high yield under tillering phase drought stress. The results suggested using Co 85019 for cultivation in drought prone regions and the usefulness of the methodology for identifying more such sugarcane varieties for the benefit of resource poor famers in drought affected regions.
Lactic acid as a major contributor to hand surface infection barrier and its association with morbidity to infectious disease
Authors: Nishioka Yuki , Nagano Kenichi , Koga Yoshitaka , Okada Yasuhiro , Mori Ichiro , Hayase Atsuko , Mori Takuya , Manabe Kenji 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlthough the surface of the human hands contains high antimicrobial activity, studies investigating the precise components involved and the relationship between natural antimicrobial activity and morbidity in infectious diseases are limited. In this study, we developed a method to quantitatively measure the antimicrobial activity of hand surface components. Using a clinical survey, we validated the feasibility of our method and identified antimicrobial factors on the surface of the human hand. In a retrospective observational study, we compared the medical histories of the participants to assess infectious diseases. We found that the antimicrobial activity on the surface of the hands was significantly lower in the high morbidity group (N = 55) than in the low morbidity group (N = 54), indicating a positive association with the history of infection in individuals. A comprehensive analysis of the hand surface components indicated that organic acids, especially lactic acid and antimicrobial peptides, are highly correlated with antimicrobial activity. Moreover, the application of lactic acid using the amount present on the surface of the hand significantly improved the antimicrobial activity. These findings suggest that hand hygiene must be improved to enhance natural antimicrobial activity on the surface of the hands.
Phenology of Oithona similis demonstrates that ecological flexibility may be a winning trait in the warming Arctic
Authors: Balazy Kaja , Boehnke Rafał , Trudnowska Emilia , Søreide Janne E. , Błachowiak-Samołyk Katarzyna 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRapidly warming Arctic is facing significant shifts in the zooplankton size-spectra manifested as increasing numbers of the small-sized copepod Oithona similis. Here we present a unique continuous data set covering 22 months, on its copepodite structure along with environmental drivers in the Atlantic-influenced high Arctic fjord Isfjorden (Spitsbergen). Abundance maxima of O. similis were observed in September when the highest seawater temperature was recorded. A high concentration of the indicator species of Atlantification Oithona atlantica was also observed at that time. The clear dominance of O. similis in the zooplankton community during the dark, theoretically unproductive season emphasizes its substantial role in sustaining a continuous carbon flow, when most of the large herbivorous copepods fall into sleeping state. The high sex ratio observed twice in both years during periods of high primary production suggests two main reproductive events per year. O. similis reproduced even in very low temperatures (< 0 °C) previously thought to limit their fecundity, which proves its unique thermal tolerance. Our study provides a new insight on ecology of this key copepod of marine ecosystems across the globe, and thus confirm the Climatic Variability Hypothesis assuming that natural selection favour species with such flexible adaptive traits as O. similis.
Daily activity in minimal footwear increases foot strength
Authors: Curtis Rory , Willems Catherine , Paoletti Paolo , D’Août Kristiaan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe human foot is uniquely adapted to bipedal locomotion and has a deformable arch of variable stiffness. Intrinsic foot muscles regulate arch deformation, making them important for foot function. In this study we explore the hypothesis that normal daily activity in minimal footwear, which provides little or no support, increases foot muscle strength. Western adults wore minimal footwear for a six-month period (the “intervention” group). Foot strength, i.e., maximum isometric plantarflexion strength at the metatarsophalangeal joints, and foot biometrics were measured before and after the intervention. An additional group was investigated to add further insight on the long-term effects of footwear, consisting of Western adults with an average 2.5 years of experience in minimal footwear (the “experienced” group). This study shows that foot strength increases by, on average, 57.4% (p < 0.001) after six months of daily activity in minimal footwear. The experienced group had similar foot strength as the post intervention group, suggesting that six months of regular minimal footwear use is sufficient to gain full strength, which may aid healthy balance and gait.
Paired comparisons of mutational profiles before and after brachytherapy in asian uveal melanoma patients
Authors: Lee Woo Seung , Lee Junwon , Choi Jun Jeong , Kang Hyun Goo , Lee Sung Chul , Kim Ju Han 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUveal melanoma(UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. However, the incidence of UM in Asia is 10 to 20 times less than in Western populations. Therefore, for the first time, we report our whole exome sequencing (WES) data analysis to discover differences in the molecular features of Asian and Western UM, and to determine the disparities between the primary tumor before brachytherapy and enucleated samples after brachytherapy. WES of 19 samples (13 primary tumors, 5 enucleation samples after brachytherapy, and 1 liver metastasis) from 13 patients diagnosed with UM and treated between 2007 and 2019 at the Yonsei University Health System (YUHS) were analyzed using bioinformatics pipelines. We identified significantly altered genes in Asian UM and changes in mutational profiles before and after brachytherapy using various algorithms. GNAQ, BAP1, GNA11, SF3B1 and CYSLTR2 were significantly mutated in Asian UM, which is similar that reported frequently in previous Western-based UM studies. There were also similar copy number alterations (M3, 1p loss, 6p gain, 8q gain) in both groups. In paired comparisons of the same patients, DICER1 and LRP1B were distinctly mutated only in tumor samples obtained after brachytherapy using rare-variant association tests (P = 0.01, 0.01, respectively). The mutational profiles of Asian UM were generally similar to the data from previous Western-based studies. DICER1 and LRP1B were newly mutated genes with statistical significance in the regrowth samples after brachytherapy compared to the primary tumors, which may be related to resistance to brachytherapy.
The impacts of freeze–thaw cycles on saturated hydraulic conductivity and microstructure of saline–alkali soils
Authors: Xu Wenshuo , Li Kesheng , Chen Longxiao , Kong Weihang , Liu Chuanxiao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStudy on the microscopic structure of saline–alkali soil can reveal the change of its permeability more deeply. In this paper, the relationship between permeability and microstructure of saline–alkali soil with different dry densities and water content in the floodplain of southwestern Shandong Province was studied through freeze–thaw cycles. A comprehensive analysis of soil samples was conducted using particle-size distribution, X-ray diffraction, freeze–thaw cycles test, saturated hydraulic conductivity test and mercury intrusion porosimetry. The poor microstructure of soil is the main factor that leads to the category of micro-permeable soil. The porosity of the local soil was only 6.19–11.51%, and ultra-micropores (< 0.05 μm) and micropores (0.05–2 μm) dominated the pore size distribution. Soil saturated water conductivity was closely related to its microscopic pore size distribution. As the F–T cycles progressed, soil permeability became stronger, with the reason the pore size distribution curve began to shift to the small pores (2–10 μm) and mesopores (10–20 μm), and this effect was the most severe when the freeze–thaw cycle was 15 times. High water content could promote the effects of freeze–thaw cycles on soil permeability and pore size distribution, while the increase of dry density could inhibit these effects. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the remediation of saline–alkali soil in the flooded area of Southwest Shandong.
Modified plant architecture integrated with liquid fertilizers improves fruit productivity and quality of tomato in North West Himalaya, India
Authors: Rathore Avinash Chandra , Mehta Harsh , Jayaprakash J. , Singh Charan , Gupta Anand Kumar , Kumar Pawan , Islam Sadikul , Kar Saswat Kumar , Patra Sridhar , Chand Lekh , Doharey Vijay Kumar , Ojasvi Prabhat Ranjan , Yadav Ram Swaroop , Madhu M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIndia produces around 19.0 million tonnes of tomatoes annually, which is insufficient to meet the ever-increasing demand. A big gap of tomato productivity (72.14 t ha–1) between India (24.66 t ha–1) and the USA (96.8 t ha–1) exist, which can be bridged by integrating trellis system of shoot training, shoot pruning, liquid fertilizers, farmyard manure, and mulching technologies. Therefore, the present experiment was conducted on tomato (cv. Himsona) during 2019–2020 at farmers' fields to improve tomato productivity and quality. There were five treatments laid in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications; T1[Farmer practice on the flatbed with RDF @ N120:P60:K60 + FYM @6.0 t ha−1without mulch], T2[T1 + Polythene mulch (50 microns)], T3[Tomato plants grown on the raised bed with polythene mulch + FYM @ 8.0 t ha−1 + Single shoot trellis system + Side shoot pruning + Liquid Fertilizer (LF1—N19:P19:K19) @ 2.0 g l–1for vegetative growth + Liquid Fertilizer (LF2—N0: P52: K34) @ 1.5 g l–1for improving fruit quality], T4[Tomato plants grown on the raised bed with polythene mulch + FYM @ 8.0 t ha−1 + Single shoot trellis system + Side shoot pruning + LF1@ 4.0 g l–1 + LF2@ 3.0 g l–1], and T5[Tomato plants grown on the raised bed with polythene mulch + FYM @ 10.0 t ha−1 + Single shoot trellis system + Side shoot pruning + LF1@ 6.0 g l–1 + LF2@ 4.5 g l–1]. The results revealed that tomato plant grown on the raised beds with polythene mulch, shoot pruning, trellising, liquid fertilizers, and farmyard manure (i.e., T5) recorded higher shoot length, dry matter content, and tomato productivity by 20.75–141.21, 18.79–169.4, and 18.89–160.87% as compared to T4–T1treatments, respectively. The T5treatment also recorded the highest water productivity (28.39 kg m–3), improved fruit qualities, net return (10,751 USD ha–1), benefit–cost ratio (3.08), microbial population, and enzymatic activities as compared to other treatments. The ranking and hierarchical clustering of treatments confirmed the superiority of the T5treatment over all other treatments.
Socioeconomic and environmental effects of soybean production in metacoupled systems
Authors: da Silva Ramon Felipe Bicudo , Viña Andrés , Moran Emilio F. , Dou Yue , Batistella Mateus , Liu Jianguo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHuman–environment interactions within and across borders are now more influential than ever, posing unprecedented sustainability challenges. The framework of metacoupling (interactions within and across adjacent and distant coupled human–environment systems) provides a useful tool to evaluate them at diverse temporal and spatial scales. While most metacoupling studies have so far addressed the impacts of distant interactions (telecouplings), few have addressed the complementary and interdependent effects of the interactions within coupled systems (intracouplings) and between adjacent systems (pericouplings). Using the production and trade of a major commodity (soybean) as a demonstration, this paper empirically evaluates the complex effects on deforestation and economic growth across a globally important soybean producing region (Mato Grosso in Brazil). Although this region is influenced by a strong telecoupling process (i.e., soybean trade with national and international markets), intracouplings pose significant effects on deforestation and economic growth within focal municipalities. Furthermore, it generates pericoupling effects (e.g., deforestation) on adjacent municipalities, which precede economic benefits on adjacent systems, and may occur during and after the soybean production takes place. These results show that while economic benefits of the production of agricultural commodities for global markets tend to be localized, their environmental costs tend to be spatially widespread. As deforestation also occurred in adjacent areas beyond focal areas with economic development, this study has significant implications for sustainability in an increasingly metacoupled world.
Multimodal electrophysiological analyses reveal that reduced synaptic excitatory neurotransmission underlies seizures in a model of NMDAR antibody-mediated encephalitis
Authors: Wright Sukhvir K. , Rosch Richard E. , Wilson Max A. , Upadhya Manoj A. , Dhangar Divya R. , Clarke-Bland Charlie , Wahid Tamara T. , Barman Sumanta , Goebels Norbert , Kreye Jakob , Prüss Harald , Jacobson Leslie , Bassett Danielle S. , Vincent Angela , Greenhill Stuart D. , Woodhall Gavin L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSeizures are a prominent feature in N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor antibody (NMDAR antibody) encephalitis, a distinct neuro-immunological disorder in which specific human autoantibodies bind and crosslink the surface of NMDAR proteins thereby causing internalization and a state of NMDAR hypofunction. To further understand ictogenesis in this disorder, and to test a potential treatment compound, we developed an NMDAR antibody mediated rat seizure model that displays spontaneous epileptiform activity in vivo and in vitro. Using a combination of electrophysiological and dynamic causal modelling techniques we show that, contrary to expectation, reduction of synaptic excitatory, but not inhibitory, neurotransmission underlies the ictal events through alterations in the dynamical behaviour of microcircuits in brain tissue. Moreover, in vitro application of a neurosteroid, pregnenolone sulphate, that upregulates NMDARs, reduced established ictal activity. This proof-of-concept study highlights the complexity of circuit disturbances that may lead to seizures and the potential use of receptor-specific treatments in antibody-mediated seizures and epilepsy.
Guaranteed‐performance consensus tracking for one‐sided Lipschitz non‐linear multi‐agent systems with switching communication topologies
Authors: Quan Wanzhen , Yang Xiaogang , Xi Jianxiang , Wang Le 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe guaranteed‐performance consensus tracking (GPCT) for non‐linear multi‐agent systems (MASs) with switching communication topologies is presented. Different from the existing work, the non‐linear range of one‐sided Lipschitz non‐linear MASs is wider than the Lipschitz ones, and the upper bound of the tracking performance is given while achieving the consensus tracking. First, a guaranteed‐performance tracking control protocol is proposed, where consensus tracking regulation performance is involved. Then, by the linear matrix inequality (LMI), sufficient conditions are provided to achieve the GPCT under the one‐sided Lipschitz and quadratic inner bounded conditions. It is worth noting that a special LMI structure is directly constructed by introducing these two conditions to simplify the complexity of the derivation. Finally, two simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.
A variant of Newton–Raphson method with third‐order convergence for energy flow calculation of the integrated electric power and natural gas system
Authors: Zheng J.H. , Wu C.Q. , Xiahou K.S. , Li Zhigang , Wu Q.H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe energy flow calculation of the integrated electric power and natural gas system (IEGS) is generally tackled by the classical Newton–Raphson (NR) method with second‐order convergence. However, this method may fail to converge or incur oscillating iterations leading to heavy computation burden if the initial point is not selected properly, especially in heterogenous integrated energy systems containing the natural gas system. To handle this problem, a variant of Newton–Raphson method with third‐order convergence is proposed, which needs one function and two derivative evaluations per iteration without increasing the number of derivative evaluations. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, simulation studies are carried out on several different cases for the energy flow calculation of IEGS. Experiment results reveal that the proposed method is superior to the classical Newton–Raphson method and its other variants in terms of computational efficiency.
Network‐adaptive and capacity‐efficient electric vehicle charging site
Authors: Rauma Kalle , Simolin Toni , Järventausta Pertti , Rautiainen Antti , Rehtanz Christian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe adaptive charging algorithms of today divide the available charging capacity of a charging site between the electric vehicles without knowing how much current each vehicle draws in reality. Thus, they are not able to detect deviations between the current set point at the charging station and the real charging current. This leads to a situation where the charging capacity of the charging site is not used optimally. This paper presents an algorithm including a novel feature, Expected Characteristic Expectation and tested under realistic circumstances. It is demonstrated that the proposed algorithm enhances the adaptability of the charging site, increasing the efficiency of the used network capacity up to about 2 kWh per charging point per day in comparison with the previous benchmark algorithm. The algorithm is able to increase the average monetary benefits of the charging operators by up to around 5.8%, that is 0.6 € per charging point per day. No input, such as departure time, is required from the user. The proposed algorithm has been tested with real electric vehicles and charging stations and is compatible with the IEC 61851 charging standard. The charging algorithm is applicable in practice as it is described in this paper.
Constraints on the orbital separation distribution and binary fraction of M dwarfs
Authors: Susemiehl Nicholas , Meyer Michael R. 
Published: September 2021

Aims. We present a new estimate for the binary fraction (the fraction of stars with a single companion) for M dwarfs using a log-normal fit to the orbital separation distribution.
Methods. We used point estimates of the binary fraction (binary fractions over specific separation and companion mass ratio ranges) from four M dwarf surveys sampling distinct orbital radii to fit a log-normal function to the orbital separation distribution. This model, alongside the companion mass ratio distribution given by Reggiani & Meyer (2013, A&A, 553, A124), is used to calculate the frequency of companions over the ranges of mass ratio (q) and orbital separation (a) over which the referenced surveys were collectively sensitive – [0.60 ≤ q ≤ 1.00] and [0.00 ≤ a ≤ 10 000 AU]. This method was then extrapolated to calculate a binary fraction which encompasses the broader ranges of [0.10 ≤ q ≤ 1.00] and [0.00 ≤ a <  ∞ AU]. Finally, the results of these calculations were compared to the binary fractions of other spectral types.
Results. The binary fraction over the constrained regions of [0.60 ≤ q ≤ 1.00] and [0.00 ≤ a ≤ 10 000 AU] was calculated to be 0.229 ± 0.028. This quantity was then extrapolated over the broader ranges of q (0.10−1.00) and a (0.00 − ∞ AU) and found to be 0.462−0.052+0.057. We used a conversion factor to estimate the multiplicity fraction from the binary fraction and found the multiplicity fraction over the narrow region of [0.60 ≤ q ≤ 1.00] and [0.00 ≤ a ≤ 10 000 AU] to be 0.270 ± 0.111. Lastly, we estimated the multiplicity fractions of FGK, and A stars using the same method (taken over [0.60 ≤ q ≤ 1.00] and [0.00 ≤ a ≤ 10 000 AU]). We find that the multiplicity fractions of M, FGK, and A stars, when considered over common ranges of q and a, are more similar than generally assumed.