bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atypisches Fibroxanthom oder pleomorphes dermales Sarkom – eine Frage der Infiltrationstiefe
Authors: Hasler H. , Beissert S. , Laske J. 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDas atypische Fibroxanthom (AFX) ist eine seltene, niedrig-maligne mesenchymale Neoplasie der Haut. Die Abgrenzung zum malignen fibrösen Histiozytom bzw. pleomorphen dermalen Sarkom (PDS) wurde seit der Erstbeschreibung Anfang der 1960er-Jahre immer wieder kontrovers diskutiert. Mittlerweile wird der Begriff des pleomorphen dermalen Sarkoms für Tumore verwendet, die eine Infiltration der Subkutis, nekrotische Anteile oder eine perineurale oder lymphovaskuläre Infiltration aufweisen. Die Unterscheidung der beiden Entitäten erfolgt folglich vorwiegend histologisch, eine immunhistochemische Abgrenzung ist bisher nicht möglich.Wir berichten über 2 Patienten mit atypischem Fibroxanthom und pleomorphem dermalem Sarkom. Beide Tumorentitäten sollten mittels weiter Exzision oder mikrografisch kontrollierter Chirurgie vollständig exzidiert werden. Insbesondere beim pleomorphen dermalen Sarkom kommt es häufiger zu Rezidiven und Metastasierung, deshalb sollte der Sicherheitsabstand größer als beim AFX gewählt werden und v. a. in den ersten 3 Jahren nach der Behandlung eine engmaschige Nachsorge erfolgen.Eine einheitliche Klassifikation der beiden Tumorentitäten, die das aggressivere Verhalten des tiefer infiltrierenden pleomorphen dermalen Sarkoms berücksichtigt, wäre erstrebenswert.Zudem sollten beide Tumore der Meldepflicht unterliegen, um weitere epidemiologische Daten sammeln zu können.
Die „vierte Welle“? COVID-19 und konsekutive kognitive Störungen
Authors: Berlit Peter , Frölich Lutz , Förstl Hans 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDie COVID-19-Pandemie stellt die Gesundheitssysteme international vor Herausforderungen, die über Prävention, akute und Intensivbehandlung schwerkranker Patienten hinausgehen. Ein erheblicher Teil derjenigen, die eine akute Infektion überstanden haben – und nicht nur alte Patienten –, leiden unter einem „Post-COVID-Syndrom“. Risikofaktoren sind vorbestehende somatische Multimorbidität, kognitive und zerebrale Veränderungen, somatische Multimorbidität sowie Pneumonie mit Hypoxie, Intensivbehandlung und Verwirrtheitszustände während der akuten COVID-19-Infektion. Meist überdauert ein frontales Dysexekutiv-Syndrom, das einerseits mit Erschöpfung und Verstimmtheit, andererseits mit Störungen von Aufmerksamkeit und Gedächtnis assoziiert sein kann. Einige Pathomechanismen der COVID-Enzephalopathien sind bekannt, aber bisher wurden noch keine spezifischen Behandlungsstrategien für die nachfolgenden Defizite etabliert. Es ist damit zu rechnen, dass sich Hausärzte, Psychiater, Neurologen, Sozialpädagogen und andere in den nächsten Monaten und Jahren vermehrt der Aktivierung, Reintegration und Begutachtung betroffener Patienten widmen werden.
Palladium-Catalyzed C–H Benzannulation of Functionalized Furans and Pyrroles with Alkynes
Authors: Seo Jia , Chen Che-Wei , Chuang Shih-Ching , Joo Jung Min , Lee Woohyeong , Jeon Ju Eun , Chen Pei-Ling 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA benzannulation strategy involving activation of two C–H bonds of five-membered heteroarenes was developed. Readily available furans and pyrroles stabilized by synthetically useful electron-withdrawing groups underwent Pd-catalyzed 1:2 annulation reactions with diaryl alkynes. A variety of functional groups, including ester, amide, ketone, aldehyde, and nitrile, on the heterocyclic cores were tolerated in the Pd-catalyzed oxidative reactions. In these reactions, the combination of 2,2-dimethylbutyric acid and its conjugate base facilitated metalation at the heteroaromatic rings and reoxidation of the Pd(0) species using oxygen as the terminal oxidant. This strategy provides fluorescent ­benzofuran and indole derivatives and is expected to allow for further development of functionalized polycyclic heteroaromatic compounds.
Hepatitis B Core-Related Antigen: From Virology to Clinical Application
Authors: Lee Hye Won , Ahn Sang Hoon , Chan Henry Lik-Yuen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) is a composite measure of the serum levels of hepatitis B e antigen, hepatitis B core antigen, and a 22-kDa precore protein. It has been shown to reflect the level and transcriptional activity of covalently closed circular DNA in the liver. Longitudinal cohort studies have improved our understanding of the role of this novel viral marker in the natural history of chronic hepatitis B. HBcrAg kinetics reflect the response to peginterferon, and its role in defining guidelines for stopping peginterferon therapy has been evaluated. HBcrAg is a marker of intrahepatic viral activity, which may influence the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. In this article, we review the virology and role of HBcrAg in defining phases of chronic hepatitis B. Furthermore, the function of HBcrAg in predicting treatment outcomes and its role in monitoring response to novel antiviral agents will be discussed.
Blinding in Clinical Trials for Chronic Liver Diseases
Authors: Ortiz Vivian , Ellenberg Susan S. , Weinberg Ethan M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWithin the field of randomized clinical trials (RCTs), the randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial is considered the most efficient means of simultaneously assessing the efficacy and safety of a medical therapy in a single trial. While many RCTs are conducted without blinding (open label), it is rare to encounter a blinded trial that does not randomize its subjects. Clinical trials for chronic liver diseases have adopted many of the practices set forth by RCTs in other chronic diseases, but blinding has often been difficult to properly implement. This review examines the rationale for blinding, common challenges to successful blinding, different mechanisms of unintentional unblinding in clinical trials for viral hepatitis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and recommendations for blinding and design in future trials of treatments for liver disease.
Neuropsychological and Linguistic Outcomes after Gunshot Injury to Cerebellum: A Case Report
Authors: Afsar Mohammed , Darshini Kamasetru Jeevendrakumar , Shukla Dhaval , Vandana Valiyaparambath , Rajeswaran Jamuna 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCraniocerebral gunshot injuries (CGIs) are highly fatal and mostly seen in the military settings. CGIs to the posterior cortical regions and cerebellum in civilian population are uncommon. Cerebellum once thought to be mediating the motor and vestibular functions is increasingly seen as an important structure for human cognition and affect. We present a case of a 53-year-old police inspector who sustained a gunshot injury in the suboccipital region with resulting damage to predominantly left cerebellum and right occipital lobe. Patient presented with complaints of neck pain, reduced clarity of speech, and mild forgetfulness for day-to-day affairs after 7 months of injury. A comprehensive neuropsychological assessment revealed impairments in motor speed, processing speed, sustained attention, executive functions (verbal fluency, working memory), and encoding component of memory functions. The speech–language assessment revealed mild dysarthria and mild word finding difficulties. His profile with mild to moderate deficits in neuropsychological and speech language functioning was partly congruent with the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome or Schmahmann’s syndrome. The spontaneous recovery and extent of damage to cerebellum may explain the milder form of the syndrome. The case highlights the need to routinely screen for cognitive-affective disturbances in patients with traumatic lesions to cerebellum.
Primary Sarcoma of the Head and Neck: Three Years’ Experience in a Tertiary Care Cancer Center
Authors: Patra Sanjiban , Trivedi Priti , Shah Anand 
Published: May 2021

Introduction Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of malignancies originating from the transformed cells of mesenchymal lineage, representing only 1% of all the primary tumors arising within the head and neck region with a prevalence range of 4 to 10%. They are biologically different from the sarcomas of other sites because of the smaller size of the tumor at the time of presentation and higher chances of local recurrences. Due to the rarity in adults, there are very few studies on sarcomas of the head and neck. The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency and spectrum of primary sarcomas in the head and neck region.
Materials and Methods This is a retrospective descriptive study. The authors analyzed 40 cases of histologically and immunohistochemically proven primary sarcomas arising in the head and neck region according to three age groups, pediatric (<12 years), adolescent (12–19 years), and adults (> 19 years).
Results Primary sarcomas represented 0.06% and 2.4% of total cancer cases and total sarcoma cases, respectively. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma was the most common histologic type, and nasopharynx the most common location in the pediatric population. Osteoblastic osteosarcomas and Ewing’s sarcoma were typical variants in adolescent age, affecting the hemimandible predominantly. In adults, osteosarcomas were commonest followed by conventional grade 1 chondrosarcoma. Treatment was planned according to the stage and grade of the tumor. Out of the 40 patients, 19 (47.5%) had a disease relapse within a period of 6 months from the completion of therapy.
Conclusion Head and neck sarcomas are notorious to recur. A timely and accurate diagnosis, proper staging, and multidisciplinary treatment plan can yield good patient outcomes.
Role of Biliary Organoids in Cholestasis Research and Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Soroka Carol J. , Roberts Scott J. , Boyer James L. , Assis David N. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTranslational studies in human cholestatic diseases have for years been hindered by various challenges, including the rarity of the disorders, the difficulty in obtaining biliary tissue from across the spectrum of the disease stage, and the difficulty culturing and maintaining primary cholangiocytes. Organoid technology is increasingly being viewed as a technological breakthrough in translational medicine as it allows the culture and biobanking of self-organizing cells from various sources that facilitate the study of pathophysiology and therapeutics, including from individual patients in a personalized approach. This review describes current research using biliary organoids for the study of human cholestatic diseases and the emerging applications of organoids to regenerative medicine directed at the biliary tree. Challenges and possible solutions to the current hurdles in this emerging field, particularly the need for standardization of terminology and clarity on source materials and techniques, are also discussed.
A low-noise analog frontend design for the Taiji phasemeter prototype
Authors: Liu He-Shan , Yu Tao , Luo Zi-Ren 
Published: May 2021

The Taiji program plans to utilize the laser interferometer to measure the movement at the picometer level between free-floating test masses. As the phase readout equipment, the phasemeter needs to obtain the beat note with an accuracy of μrad/Hz. The main source of noise in the phasemeter is the analog frontend of the analog to digital converter. A self-designed phasemeter prototype with a low-noise analog frontend, which includes the theme of the pilot tone correction, has been developed and tested for the Taiji program in this Note. The experimental results show that the performance of the developed phasemeter can satisfy the Taiji sensitivity requirement in the whole frequency range. The sensitivity of the board can reach 0.5 μrad/Hz in the frequency range of 0.1–1 Hz. Therefore, the prototype gives us a good model for the fully functional Taiji phasemeter.
Reverse-transcribed SARS-CoV-2 RNA can integrate into the genome of cultured human cells and can be expressed in patient-derived tissues
Authors: Zhang Liguo , Richards Alexsia , Barrasa M. Inmaculada , Hughes Stephen H. , Young Richard A. , Jaenisch Rudolf 
Published: May 2021

Significance
An unresolved issue of SARS-CoV-2 disease is that patients often remain positive for viral RNA as detected by PCR many weeks after the initial infection in the absence of evidence for viral replication. We show here that SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be reverse-transcribed and integrated into the genome of the infected cell and be expressed as chimeric transcripts fusing viral with cellular sequences. Importantly, such chimeric transcripts are detected in patient-derived tissues. Our data suggest that, in some patient tissues, the majority of all viral transcripts are derived from integrated sequences. Our data provide an insight into the consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infections that may help to explain why patients can continue to produce viral RNA after recovery.
Crop harvested area, not yield, drives variability in crop production in Iran
Authors: Rezaei Ehsan Eyshi , Ghazaryan Gohar , Moradi Rooholla , Dubovyk Olena , Siebert Stefan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Increasing population and a severe water crisis are imposing growing pressure on Iranian cropping systems to increase crop production to meet the rising demand for food. Little is known about the separate contribution of trends and variability of the harvested area and yield to crop production in severely drought-prone areas such as Iran. In this study we (a) quantify the importance of harvested area and yield on trends and variability of crop production for the 12 most important annual crops under rainfed and irrigated conditions and (b) test how well the variability in annual crop areas can be explained by drought dynamics. We use remote sensing based land cover and evapotranspiration products derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer to quantify the extent of cropland and drought severity as well as survey-based, crop-specific reports for the period 2001–2016 in Iran. The intensity of drought stress was estimated using the annual ratio between actual and potential evapotranspiration. We found that trends in the production of specific crops are predominantly explained by trends in harvested crop area. Besides, the variability in the harvested area contributed significantly more to the variability in crop production than the variability in crop yields, particularly under rainfed conditions (seven out of nine crops). In contrast, variability in the production of heavily subsidized crops such as wheat was predominantly explained by yield variability. Variability in the annual cropland area was largely explained by drought, in particular for the more arid regions in the south of the country. This highlights the importance of better and proactive drought management to stabilize crop areas and yields for sufficient food production in Iran.
Measurement and analysis of motor-noise in underwater glider
Authors: Zhou Qing , Zhao Yihao , Wang Maofa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Self-noise is a very disadvantageous factor for underwater glider to observe ocean ambient noise, in which the noise caused by motor is very significant. In order to grasp the characteristics of the motor-noise and its influence on the measurement of ocean ambient noise, a long-term sea trial was conducted in the South China Sea in May 2020, and the self-noise data of underwater glider under different working conditions are obtained. By analyzing the noise level and spectrum level of the motor noise, we obtained the self-noise spectrum characteristics and know that the influence of control motor noise on the noise measurement of head and tail hydrophone is mainly below 5 kHz band, and the influence of full-frequency noise level brought by motor is within 10dB and 5dB respectively. The results lay an important foundation for further analysis of ocean ambient noise measured by underwater glider.
Feasibility and impact of greywater recycling in four types of buildings in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
Authors: Tayara Adel , Shanableh Abdallah , Atieh Muataz Ali , Abdallah Mohamed , Battacharjee Sourjya , Mustafa Ahmed , Bardan Mayyada Al 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Greywater (GW) recycling and reuse is an important approach for conserving water and meeting the demand of the growing population. However, the success of greywater reuse (GWR) depends on process feasibility and impacts. In this study, the feasibility and impact of GWR installations in four types of buildings (high rise residential building, school, hotel and house of worship) in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, were assessed. The study included economic assessment as well as assessment of impacts in terms of CO2 emissions and energy consumption over time. The GWR options included use of GW, as applicable, for toilet flushing or as make-up water in open air conditioning cooling towers. The results from the study indicate that GWR is feasible for the various types of buildings and applications assessed and that it can lead to significant reductions in water consumption, CO2 emissions and energy consumption. However, buildings owner’s share of financial savings is a key factor in deciding interest in installing and operating GWR systems.
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions based on energy conservation
Authors: Kartavskaya V M , Kartavskaya A V 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe possibilities of introducing energy-saving technologies to improve energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere while meeting the own needs of the combined heat and power plant (CHP) in thermal energy are considered. With the introduction of the considered energy-saving technologies aimed at increasing the efficiency of fuel consumption in the production of heat and electric energy, including the use of thermal energy for own needs through the heat supply system (in-plant heat networks), it is also possible to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from CHP plants.
The future of residential neighborhoods 1960-80: transformation of the architectural and planning structure. Results of the international research project “Unloved heritage” of the socialist city 1960-70
Authors: Kozlov V 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe results of an international research project to assess the urban development potential of residential neighborhoods in socialist cities, carried out by a consortium of universities, are presented. A differentiated analysis of the experience of transformation of microdistricts in different countries revealed potential opportunities for development and renewal in various aspects: functional and planning structure, open spaces, mobility systems, identity, and public spaces. The project offers strategies for the transformation of microdistricts, as well as defines the prospects for a research project at the next stage of cooperation between universities and directions for integrating the main provisions of the project into the educational programs of architectural universities, as an important project task of various urban planning scales.
New materials for the “green building” of urban areas
Authors: Tolmacheva N A , Zelinskaia E V , Kurina A V , Garashchenko A A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the modern world during the rapid development of urban agglomerates, mankind uses less and less natural building materials and mainly uses artificially created. New construction technologies and modern materials must comply with environmental safety requirements, technical regulations and legislation in the field of environmental protection, so that the erected buildings and structures in urban design do not harm either man or the biosphere. Composite materials based on polymers and industrial waste are gaining popularity.The environmental assessment of new mineral-polymer composite (MPC) materials confirmed their compliance with technical and sanitary-epidemiological requirements, as well as with the criteria of the STO NOSTROY 2.35.4-2011 standard “Green building” such as: “Comfort and ecology of the internal environment”, “Energy saving and energy efficiency ",” Ecology of creation, operation and disposal ", which will reduce the load of construction on urban ecosystems and ensure the creation of a safe and comfortable living environment.
Housing construction issues in Irkutsk province (based on Vlast Truda materials)
Authors: Zvezdina A A , Lantsova I V , Metelkina L N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The article aims to select and study negative and positive materials on housing construction policies in Irkutsk province in 1921-1922 published in the Vlast Truda newspaper. These are materials on redistribution, preservation, and renovation of apartments, reconstruction of buildings, construction of affordable housing for workers and employees. Special attention is paid to the housing construction stages: building design by drawing and design offices, production of building materials, selection of qualified personnel, tendering for construction works. An analysis of living conditions of urban and rural residents is carried out. In this period, the systems of housing distribution and accommodation payment were based on the differentiated principle, taking into account the privileged party and government support. Newspaper periodicals as the most accessible and prompt source can help to recover lost information and find new facts when assessing the new national housing policy. At the same time, materials were presented on behalf of the editorial board which speaks for their subjectivity. There were no critical materials, but there were unverified facts. The article emphasizes the continuity of the Communist Party and Soviet press of the 1920s and modern Russian newspaper publications on the issues of housing construction whose improvement can raise the level of economic development and living standards.
Principles of reconstruction of a small depressive city on the example of Tulun
Authors: Bolshakov A G 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThree principles of reconstruction of a small depressive city are considered. The principle of landscape conformity is the order of urban zoning of landscape locations. And in particular, the direction of engineering flood protection. Compares the two cities: Tulun and Lensk and two floods that they experienced. The second principle is to use the advantages of economic and geographical location to identify areas for the revival of a small depressive city. The third principle is a targeted approach to the development of morphotypes of residential development that are adequate for a small depressive city.
Compositional modeling as a method of study the architectural heritage in educational design
Authors: Kozlova G S , Kozlova L V 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe article presents the methodology of the authors’ work with first-year students of architectural specialties INRTU on the topic of the course project “Compositional Analysis of an Architectural Object”. This methodology is based on the search for analogies as a system of regularities that makes it possible to recreate plastic models and architectural drawings of lost temples. The result of this work was the creation of models for the museum of the Irkutsk customs. It was recreated as separate buildings and structures, and 19th century customs quarter with Chudotvorskaya church - the lost monument of architecture 18th – 19th centuries. Further research was related to the study of the complex Siberian Baroque temples in Irkutsk and various types of church architecture in the mid-18th - early 20th centuries. The article is illustrated with graphic and model research of the architectural composition of architectural monuments various types and historical periods. The main stages of the course project are presented from the construction of functional planning and volumetric models to the design of the figurative and structural characteristics of the object in the presentation of the tablet. There is also shown the comparison of models for the evolution of an individual temple and analogs.