bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient-reported outcome measures for knowledge transfer and behaviour modification interventions in type 2 diabetes—the INDICA study: a multiarm cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ramallo-Fariña Yolanda , Rivero-Santana Amado , García-Pérez Lidia , García-Bello Miguel Angel , Wägner Ana Maria , Gonzalez-Pacheco Himar , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Leticia , Kaiser-Girardot Sybille , Monzón-Monzón Guillermo , Guerra-Marrero Carolina , Daranas-Aguilar Carmen , Roldán-Ruano Margarita , Carmona Montserrat , Serrano-Aguilar Pedro G 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveThis study assesses the effectiveness of different interventions of knowledge transfer and behaviour modification to improve type 2 diabetes mellitus patients’ (T2DM) reported outcomes measures (PROMs) in the long-term.Design: open, community-based pragmatic, multicentre, controlled trial with random allocation by clusters to usual care (UC) or to one of the three interventions.ParticipantsA total of 2334 patients with uncomplicated T2DM and 211 healthcare professionals were included of 32 primary care centres.SettingPrimary Care Centers in Canary Islands (Spain).InterventionThe intervention for patients (PTI) included an educational group programme, logs and a web-based platform for monitoring and automated short message service (SMS). The intervention for professionals (PFI) included an educational programme, a decision support tool embedded into the electronic clinical record and periodic feedback about patients’ results. A third group received both PTI and PFI (combined intervention, CBI).Outcome measureCognitive-attitudinal, behavioural, affective and health-related quality of life (HQoL) variables.ResultsCompared with UC at 24 months, the PTI group significantly improved knowledge (p=0.005), self-empowerment (p=0.002), adherence to dietary recommendations (p<0.001) and distress (p=0.01). The PFI group improved at 24 months in distress (p=0.03) and at 12 months there were improvements in depression (p=0.003), anxiety (p=0.05), HQoL (p=0.005) and self-empowerment (p<0.001). The CBI group improved at 24 months in self-empowerment (p=0.008) and adherence to dietary recommendations (p=0.004) and at 12 months in knowledge (p=0.008), depression (p=0.006), anxiety (p=0.003), distress (p=0.01), HQoL (p<0.001) and neuropathic symptoms (p=0.02). Statistically significant improvements were also observed at 24 months in the proportion of patients who quit smoking for PTI and CBI (41.5% in PTI and 42.3% in CBI vs 21.2% in the UC group).ConclusionsAssessed interventions to improve PROMs in T2DM attain effectiveness for knowledge, self-empowerment, distress, diet adherence and tobacco cessation. PTI produced the most lasting benefits.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.govNCT01657227(6 August 2012)https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01657227.
Association between auditory system pathology and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): a systematic review
Authors: Dahl Katrine , Andersen Mads , Henriksen Tine Brink 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveA theory has emerged, suggesting that abnormalities in the auditory system may be associated with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). However, current clinical evidence has never been systematically reviewed.DesignA systematic review was conducted according to the guideline of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.Data sourcesPubMed, Embase and Web of Science were systematically searched through 7 September 2020.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesOnly human studies with a reference group were included. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they examined infants exposed to otoacoustic emissions (OAEs), auditory brainstem response (ABR) or had autopsies with brainstem histology of the auditory system. SIDS was the primary outcome, while the secondary outcome was near-miss sudden infant death syndrome episodes.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias, and the quality of evidence. Due to high heterogeneity, a narrative synthesis was conducted. Risk of bias and quality of evidence was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation.ResultsTwelve case–control studies were included. Seven studies on OAEs or ABR had a high degree of inconsistency. Contrarily, four out of five studies reporting on brainstem histology found that auditory brainstem abnormalities were more prevalent in SIDS cases than in controls. However, the quality of evidence across all studies was very low.ConclusionThis systematic review found no clear association between auditory system pathology and SIDS. The higher prevalence of histological abnormalities in the auditory system of SIDS may indicate an association. However, further studies of higher quality and larger study populations are needed to determine whether these findings are valid.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020208045.
Cam morphology is associated with MRI-defined cartilage defects and labral tears: a case–control study of 237 young adult football players with and without hip and groin pain
Authors: Heerey Joshua , Kemp Joanne , Agricola Rintje , Srinivasan Ramya , Smith Anne , Pizzari Tania , King Matthew , Lawrenson Peter , Scholes Mark , Link Thomas , Souza Richard , Majumdar Sharmila , Crossley Kay 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveFootball players are at risk of developing hip osteoarthritis (OA). Cam morphology (present in almost two of every three football players) may explain this heightened risk, but there is limited research on its role in hip OA development in younger athletes. Knowledge of this relationship will advance our understanding of the aetiology of hip OA in football players. We aimed to study the relationship between cam morphology size and MRI-defined cartilage defects and labral tears, and if this relationship differs by symptomatic state in young adult football players.MethodsFor this case–control study, 182 (288 hips) symptomatic (hip and/or groin pain >6 months and positive flexion-adduction-internal-rotation (FADIR) test) and 55 (110 hips) pain-free football players (soccer or Australian football) underwent anteroposterior and Dunn 45° radiographs, and 3-Tesla MRI. Cam morphology size was defined using alpha angle, and cartilage defects and labral tears were scored semiquantitatively. Presence, location and score (severity) of cartilage defects and labral tears were determined. Each participant completed the International Hip Outcome Tool 33 and Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score.ResultsGreater alpha angle was associated with cartilage defects (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.04) and labral tears (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.04). Greater alpha angle was associated with superolateral cartilage defects (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.05) and superior labral tears (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.05). The association of alpha angle with MRI-defined cartilage defects and labral tears was no greater in football players with symptoms than in those without (p=0.189–0.937)ConclusionCam morphology size was associated with cartilage defects and labral tears in young adult football players with and without pain. This study provides evidence that cam morphology may contribute to the high prevalence of hip OA in football players. Prospective studies of football players are now needed to establish if cam morphology causes progression of cartilage defects and labral tears and development of hip OA.
Methods and efficacy of social support interventions in preventing suicide: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hou Xiaofei , Wang Jiali , Guo Jing , Zhang Xinxu , Liu Jiahai , Qi Linmao , Zhou Liang 
Published: December 2021

QuestionSuicide is a global public and mental health problem. The effectiveness of social support interventions has not been widely demonstrated in the prevention of suicide. We aimed to describe the methods of social support interventions in preventing suicide and examine the efficacy of them.Study selection and analysisWe searched literature databases and conducted clinical trials. The inclusion criteria for the summary of intervention methods were as follows: (1) studies aimed at preventing suicide through method(s) that directly provide social support; (2) use of one or more method(s) to directly provide social support. The additional inclusion criteria for meta-analysis on the efficacy of these interventions included: (1) suicide, suicide attempt or social support-related outcome was measured; (2) randomised controlled trial design and (3) using social support intervention as the main/only method.FindingsIn total, 22 656 records and 185 clinical trials were identified. We reviewed 77 studies in terms of intervention methods, settings, support providers and support recipients. There was a total of 18 799 person-years among the ten studies measuring suicide. The number of suicides was significantly reduced in the intervention group (risk ratio (RR)=0.48, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.85). In 14 studies with a total of 14 469 person-years, there was no significant reduction of suicide attempts in the overall pooled RR of 0.88 (95% CI 0.73 to 1.07).ConclusionsSocial support interventions were recommended as a suicide prevention strategy for those with elevated suicide risk.
Impact of cardiometabolic multimorbidity and ethnicity on cardiovascular/renal complications in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Norris Tom , Razieh Cameron , Zaccardi Francesco , Yates Thomas , Islam Nazrul , Gillies Clare L , Chudasama Yogini V , Rowlands Alex V , Davies Melanie J , McCann Gerry P , Banerjee Amitava , Lam Carolyn S P , Docherty Annemarie B , Openshaw Peter JM , Baillie J Kenneth , Semple Malcolm Gracie , Lawson Claire Alexandra , Khunti Kamlesh 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveUsing a large national database of people hospitalised with COVID-19, we investigated the contribution of cardio-metabolic conditions, multi-morbidity and ethnicity on the risk of in-hospital cardiovascular complications and death.MethodsA multicentre, prospective cohort study in 302 UK healthcare facilities of adults hospitalised with COVID-19 between 6 February 2020 and 16 March 2021. Logistic models were used to explore associations between baseline patient ethnicity, cardiometabolic conditions and multimorbidity (0, 1, 2, >2 conditions), and in-hospital cardiovascular complications (heart failure, arrhythmia, cardiac ischaemia, cardiac arrest, coagulation complications, stroke), renal injury and death.ResultsOf 65 624 patients hospitalised with COVID-19, 44 598 (68.0%) reported at least one cardiometabolic condition on admission. Cardiovascular/renal complications or death occurred in 24 609 (38.0%) patients. Baseline cardiometabolic conditions were independently associated with increased odds of in-hospital complications and this risk increased in the presence of cardiometabolic multimorbidity. For example, compared with having no cardiometabolic conditions, 1, 2 or ≥3 conditions was associated with 1.46 (95% CI 1.39 to 1.54), 2.04 (95% CI 1.93 to 2.15) and 3.10 (95% CI 2.92 to 3.29) times higher odds of any cardiovascular/renal complication, respectively. A similar pattern was observed for all-cause death. Compared with the white group, the South Asian (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.29) and black (OR 1.53 to 95% CI 1.37 to 1.72) ethnic groups had higher risk of any cardiovascular/renal complication.ConclusionsIn hospitalised patients with COVID-19, cardiovascular complications or death impacts just under half of all patients, with the highest risk in those of South Asian or Black ethnicity and in patients with cardiometabolic multimorbidity.
Constitutional chromothripsis of the APC locus as a cause of genetic predisposition to colon cancer
Authors: Scharf Florentine , Leal Silva Rafaela Magalhaes , Morak Monika , Hastie Alex , Pickl Julia M A , Sendelbach Kai , Gebhard Christian , Locher Melanie , Laner Andreas , Steinke-Lange Verena , Koehler Udo , Holinski-Feder Elke , Wolf Dieter A 
Published: December 2021

PurposeApproximately 20% of patients with clinical familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) remain unsolved after molecular genetic analysis of the APC and other polyposis genes, suggesting additional pathomechanisms.MethodsWe applied multidimensional genomic analysis employing chromosomal microarray profiling, optical mapping, long-read genome and RNA sequencing combined with FISH and standard PCR of genomic and complementary DNA to decode a patient with an attenuated FAP that had remained unsolved by Sanger sequencing and multigene panel next-generation sequencing for years.ResultsWe identified a complex 3.9 Mb rearrangement involving 14 fragments from chromosome 5q22.1q22.3 of which three were lost, 1 reinserted into chromosome 5 and 10 inserted into chromosome 10q21.3 in a seemingly random order and orientation thus fulfilling the major criteria of chromothripsis. The rearrangement separates APC promoter 1B from the coding ORF (open reading frame) thus leading to allele-specific downregulation of APC mRNA. The rearrangement also involves three additional genes implicated in the APC–Axin–GSK3B–β-catenin signalling pathway.ConclusionsBased on comprehensive genomic analysis, we propose that constitutional chromothripsis dampening APC expression, possibly modified by additional APC–Axin–GSK3B–β-catenin pathway disruptions, underlies the patient’s clinical phenotype. The combinatorial approach we deployed provides a powerful tool set for deciphering unsolved familial polyposis and potentially other tumour syndromes and monogenic diseases.
Evaluation of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment as a screening tool for cognitive dysfunction in SLE
Authors: Raghunath Sudha , Glikmann-Johnston Yifat , Morand Eric , Stout Julie C , Hoi Alberta 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesCognitive dysfunction in SLE is common and associated with significant morbidity but is currently underdetected. Early detection requires the use of screening tests, as formal diagnostic cognitive testing is time-consuming. This study aims to evaluate the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) as a screening tool for cognitive dysfunction in SLE.MethodsPatients with SLE (n=95) and demographically matched healthy control participants (n=48) underwent cognitive testing using the 1-hour neuropsychiatric test battery recommended by the American College of Rheumatology for use in SLE and the MoCA. We used regression analyses to determine associations between MoCA and cognitive test scores. We assessed several MoCA cut-offs for predicting cognitive impairment in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. Receiver operating curve analyses were used to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the MoCA cut-off thresholds.ResultsWe found a significant correlation between MoCA score and 9 of the 10 cognitive endpoints studied (all p<0.001). Receiver operating curve analysis suggested that a MoCA cut-off of <27 had highest diagnostic accuracy across the cognitive impairment definitions (area under the curve 0.76–0.78). Using a screening cut-off of <28, the MoCA had sensitivity of 83%–94% and specificity of 46%–59%, depending on the impairment definition used.ConclusionsThe MoCA correlates strongly with cognitive test results in SLE and has sufficient sensitivity for use as a screening tool with a cut-off of <28 as the optimal threshold. This tool can be incorporated into clinical practice for screening for cognitive dysfunction in SLE.
Robotic-assisted intracranial aneurysm treatment: 1 year follow-up imaging and clinical outcomes
Authors: Cancelliere Nicole Mariantonia , Lynch Jeremy , Nicholson Patrick , Dobrocky Tomas , Swaminathan Saravana Kumar , Hendriks Eef Jacobus , Krings Timo , Radovanovic Ivan , Drake Kaitlyn E , Turner Raymond , Sungur John-Michael , Pereira Vitor M 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundThe use of robotics in medicine may enable increased technical accuracy, reduced procedural time and radiation exposure, and remote completion of procedures. We have previously described the first-in-human, robotic-assisted cerebral aneurysm treatment using the CorPath GRX Robotic System. In this report we discuss our early experiences and outcomes using this robotic device for endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms using stent-assisted coil embolization and flow diversion.MethodsThe patient and disease characteristics, procedural details, and follow-up imaging and clinical outcomes of consecutive patients undergoing robotically-assisted intracranial aneurysm embolization between November 2019 and February 2020 are presented.ResultsSix patients underwent robotically-assisted embolization of intracranial aneurysms. Four of the patients were treated with a neck-bridging stent (with or without coiling) and two patients were treated with a flow-diverting stent. Two patients were treated in the subacute period of subarachnoid hemorrhage and four patients were treated electively. All of the procedures could be completed robotically and there was no need for unplanned manual intervention. The technical success rate of the procedures was 100%. There was no morbidity or mortality associated with the procedures. One year follow-up imaging showed that four aneurysms were completely obliterated (Raymond-Roy Occlusion Classification (RROC) class I) and the remaining two were occluded with a residual neck (RROC class II).ConclusionsThe Corpath GRX Robotic System demonstrated a precise control over the microcatheter, wire and stent during aneurysm treatment. Robotic neuro-procedures seem to be safe and effective and demonstrate stable occlusion results in the midterm follow-up.
Incidence and risk factors for dysglycaemia in Asian-Indians: a 10-year population-based prospective cohort study
Authors: Gupta Rahul , Jayant Satyam Singh , Rastogi Ashu , Bhadada Sanjay K , Bhansali Anil , Sachdeva Naresh , Ram Sant 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Diabetes prevalence estimates suggest an increasing trend in South-East Asia region, but studies on its incidence are limited. The current study aims to estimate the incidence of type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes in a population-based cohort from India.

Methods
A subset of Chandigarh Urban Diabetes Study cohort (n=1878) with normoglycaemia or pre-diabetes at baseline was prospectively followed after a median of 11 (0.5–11) years. Diabetes and pre-diabetes were diagnosed as per WHO guidelines. The incidence with 95% CI was calculated in 1000 person-years and Cox proportional hazard model was used to find the association between the risk factors and progression to pre-diabetes and diabetes.

Results
The incidence of diabetes, pre-diabetes and dysglycaemia (either pre-diabetes or diabetes) was 21.6 (17.8–26.1), 18.8 (14.8–23.4) and 31.7 (26.5–37.6) per 1000 person-years, respectively. Age (HR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.04), family history of diabetes (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.25) and sedentary lifestyle (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.17) predicted conversion from normoglycaemia to dysglycaemia, while obesity (HR 2.43, 95% CI 1.21 to 4.89) predicted conversion from pre-diabetes to diabetes.

Conclusion
A high incidence of diabetes and pre-diabetes in Asian-Indians suggests a faster conversion rate to dysglycaemia, which is partly explained by sedentary lifestyle and consequent obesity in these individuals. The high incidence rates call for a pressing need for public health interventions targeting modifiable risk factors.
Association between rectal gonorrhoea and HIV incidence in men who have sex with men: a meta-analysis
Authors: Donnell Deborah , Zewdie Kidist , Ratna Natasha , Miller Veronica , Saunders John Michael , Gill O Noel , Delpech Valerie , Mohammed Hamish 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundIncidence of rectal gonorrhoea (GC) has been hypothesised as a correlate of HIV exposure in prevention trials of men who have sex with men (MSM). High rectal GC incidence in MSM trials of new biomedical prevention drugs may provide supportive evidence for ongoing HIV risk. Empirical evidence of correlation between rectal GC and HIV incidence is needed to assess whether high rectal GC rates reliably correlate with high risk of HIV.MethodsRectal GC and HIV are routinely tested in sexual health clinics (SHCs) throughout England. Through routine surveillance data collected at visits to SHCs, we assessed HIV incidence and new rectal GC diagnoses in repeat visits by HIV-negative MSM between 2011 and 2018, predating widespread roll-out of pre-exposure prophylaxis. Meta-analysis regression assessed population-level association between HIV and rectal GC incidence over time.FindingsBetween 2011 and 2018, HIV and rectal GC incidence was assessed in 541 056 HIV-negative MSM attending SHCs in England. HIV incidence among MSM attending SHCs fell from 1.26/100 person-years (PYs) in 2011 to 0.28/100 PYs in 2018. Rectal GC rates increased from 3.5/100 PYs to 11.1/100 PYs over the same period. The rate of HIV incidence decreased by 22.3% for each percent increase in rectal GC (95% CI –30.8 to –14.7, p<0.001).InterpretationAmong the population of MSM attending SHCs in England, rectal GC rates increased substantially while HIV incidence rates decreased between 2011 and 2018. HIV incidence likely decreased through expanded HIV testing, prompt antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiation and increased viral suppression in persons living with HIV, interventions that did not decrease rectal GC. Rectal GC may not be an ideal proxy for HIV incidence in trials, as HIV exposure risk is complex and context dependent, given effective HIV prevention interventions in MSM.Introduction
A review of the morphology, physical processes and deposits of modern straits
Authors: Dalrymple Robert W. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study reviews the morphology, hydrodynamics and sedimentology of 33 modern straits, including examples from diverse tectonic and climatic settings. Strait morphology ranges from short, simple straits to long, tortuous passages many hundreds of kilometres long; depths range from 10 m to >1 km. The morphological building block of strait sedimentation is a constriction flanked by open basins; a single strait can contain one or several of these. Currents accelerate through the constrictions and decelerate in the basins, leading to a spatial alternation of high- and low-energy conditions. Currents in a strait can be classified as either ‘persistent’ (oceanic currents or density-driven circulation) or ‘intermittent’ (tidally or meteorologically generated currents). Constrictions tend to be bedload partings, with the development of transport paths that diverge outward. Deposition occurs where the flow decelerates, generating paired subaqueous ‘constriction-related deltas’ that can be of unequal size. Cross-bedding predominates in high-energy settings; muddy sediment waves and contourite drifts are present in some straits. In shallow straits that were exposed during the sea-level lowstand, strait deposits typically occur near or at the maximum flooding surface, and can overlie estuarine and fluvial deposits. The most energetic deposits need not occur at the time of maximum inundation.
Corrosion Behaviors of SS310 and IN718 Alloys in Molten Carbonate
Authors: Zhang Yu , Wang Peilin , Zheng Kaiyuan , Yin Huayi , Wang Dihua 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Long-lasting metallic materials are key to enabling a robust and reliable molten carbonate electrolyzer. In this paper, the corrosion behaviors of SS310 and IN718 in molten Li2CO3-K2CO3-Na2CO3 under CO2-O2 atmosphere were systematically studied. The results show that IN718 had a lower corrosion rate than that of SS310 because of the higher Ni concentration. In addition, increasing the temperature and decreasing the oxygen concentration can reduce the corrosion rate of both SS310 and IN718. As a result, IN718 is a suitable material to be used in molten salt electrolyzers. Overall, engineering the alloy and molten salt compositions as well as manipulating the gas atmosphere can suppress the corrosion of metallic materials, thereby screening durable metallic materials for high-temperature molten carbonate electrolyzers.