bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Release of Incidental Nanoparticles During the Weathering of Gunshot Residue in Soils of a Shooting Range in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Schindler Michael , Weatherhead Keegan , Mantha Haley 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTGunshot residue is emitted as fine particulate matter upon the ignition of percussion-sensitive explosives among other additives in a firearm barrel. The particulates condense from a vapor phase and contain material from the Pb-Sb-Ba-bearing primer, S-bearing gunpowder, and the Pb-bearing bullet fragments. Shooters can inhale or ingest the fine particulates which also attach to their hands, clothing, and other surfaces. Estimation of the bioavailability of the emitted toxic Pb- and Sb-bearing particulates requires detailed knowledge of their mineralogical composition and those of their weathering products. For this purpose, gunshot residue particulates have been collected from soils in front of a firing line of a shooting range in Ontario, Canada. Bulk mineralogical and chemical features of the soils have been characterized using X-ray powder diffraction, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, and scanning electron microscopy. The focused ion-beam technique has been used to extract a section containing numerous altered gunshot residue particulates from a soil grain. Subsequent transmission electron microscopy shows for the first time that gunshot residue particulates are composed of metallic δ-Pb, α-Sb, galena (PbS), and an unidentified Ba-bearing phase. Weathering of the gunshot residue particulates results in the formation of incidental nanoparticles (i.e., not purposely engineered to occur at the nanometer scale) in the form of δ-Pb, massicot, PbO, and galena. The formation and mobilization of some of these nanoparticles within the soil grain suggest that their release during the weathering of bullets and gunshot residue contributes to the release of Pb into the environment. Hydrocerussite, Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2, cerussite, PbCO3, and massicot and anglesite, PbSO4, are the major secondary Pb-phases in and around altered GSR particulates. These phases form during the weathering of metallic Pb, massicot, and galena nanoparticles in a Ca-carbonate rich environment. Secondary Sb-bearing phases are valentinite, Sb2O3, and amorphous Sb-Pb phases (Sb:Pb ratio = 2:1–4:1). The latter phases have partially replaced large proportions of the Ca-carbonates surrounding the gunshot residue particulates. The larger abundance of the amorphous Sb-Pb phases relative to valentinite suggests that their solubility most likely controls the release of Sb into the bulk soil. The SEM and TEM characterizations and chemical analyses of mineral surface coatings and the colloidal fraction of a leachate from the collected surficial soils indicate that Pb occurs predominantly in the colloidal fraction, is often associated with sulfate-bearing colloids, and is sequestered in sulfate and carbonate/hydroxide coatings.
Determination of the Crystal Structure and Redefinition of Tsugaruite, Pb28As15S50Cl, the First Lead-Arsenic Chloro-Sulfosalt
Authors: Biagioni Cristian , Bindi Luca , Momma Koichi , Miyawaki Ritsuro , Matsushita Yoshitaka , Më Yves 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Tsugaruite was originally defined as a lead-arsenic sulfosalt from the Yunosawa mine, Aomori Prefecture, Japan. Until recently its crystal structure remained unsolved and its actual classification in the sulfosalt realm was unknown. Here the refinement of the crystal structure of tsugaruite using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data is reported. The mineral is orthorhombic, space group P2nn, with unit-cell parameters a = 8.0774(10), b = 15.1772(16), c = 38.129(4) Å, V = 4674.3(9) Å3, in agreement with previous studies. The solution of the crystal structure of this mineral revealed Cl occupying a specific position. Chlorine was thus sought and found using the electron microprobe; the average of six spot analyses gave (in wt.%): Pb 68.04, As 12.83, S 18.29, Cl 0.63, total 99.80. The empirical formula, calculated on the basis of Pb + As = 43 atoms per formula unit, is Pb28.26As14.74S49.08Cl1.52. Tsugaruite is an N = 4 plesiotypic derivative of the homologous series of Pb-Sb chloro-sulfosalts having the general formula Pb(2+2N)(Sb,Pb)(2+2N)S(2+2N)(S,Cl)(4+2N)ClN. It has a Cl/(Cl + S) atomic ratio close to that of other known Pb-Sb chloro-sulfosalts (pillaite, pellouxite) and slightly higher than that of dadsonite.
Las ficciones del después. Notas para una lectura comparada de "Nocturno de Chile" y "Enciclopedia de una vida en Rusia"
Authors: Camenen Gersende 
Published: April 2021

Este artículo considera la globalización, generalmente analizada en términos espaciales, como una crisis de nuestra inscripción en el tiempo, una crisis que puede formularse como un duelo necesario después de la desaparición de la modernidad. Pensamos que enfocar la globalización desde un ángulo temporal le confiere una profundidad existencial y permite desenmascarar facilidades ideológicas. Así, el presente artículo interroga la manera en que la ficción latinoamericana se hace cargo del profundo cambio del régimen de historicidad actual, designado por F. Hartog como "presentismo". En nuestra época marcada por una serie de "post", la conciencia histórica se encuentra estancada en un presente eterno, sin capacidad para mirar hacia su pasado ni proyectar su futuro. Las consecuencias de este cambio en la literatura son profundas y se cuestiona en particular la noción de compromiso de la literatura, es decir su capacidad para formular un saber sobre el mundo y emitir una propuesta de porvenir. Las ficciones que tratan de fenómenos históricos abundan, participando en el "boom de la memoria" (Huyssen) que conoce la cultura latinoamericana. Proponemos definirlas como "ficciones del después", en tanto configuran la crisis actual de la conciencia histórica, sumida en una serie de "después" (post-dictaduras, sovietismo, modernidad). Analizamos dos de ellas: Nocturno de Chile (2000) de Roberto Bolaño y Enciclopedia de una vida en Rusia (1998) de José Manuel Prieto. Vemos cómo al registrar memorias abiertas estas ficciones se construyen como escenas interpretativas que exponen la dimensión esencialmente afectiva de las memorias globalizadas.
El despliegue de la autoficción en la academia. la novela de campus en la narrativa española actual
Authors: Villamía Luis 
Published: April 2021

El artículo pretende analizar los mecanismos retóricos derivados de la confluencia en determinadas novelas españolas contemporáneas de dos géneros: la novela de campus y la autoficción. Los géneros, al fin y al cabo, son codificaciones que sobredeterminan un estilo y, en estos casos, por su naturaleza, el autor puede sentir la tentación de cultivar únicamente la esfera más lúdica del lector (o del mercado), con una escritura epidérmica, ensimismada y balsámica. El desafío en estos géneros narrativos es por tanto transgredir el plúmbeo deleite narcisista que pueden arrastrar y tomar ventaja de su carácter inherente omnívoro y mutante, tanto desde un mosaico de técnicas narrativas como en estadios de lectura novedosos para el lector. Desde estas coordenadas, el artículo analizará en detalle dos novelas de autoficción que se integran dentro del género de novela de campus: La velocidad de la luz (2005) de Javier Cercas y la más reciente Un momento de descanso (2011) de Antonio Orejudo. Se considerarán algunos procedimientos análogos, el sentido de la autoficción en cada una de ellas y la presencia de dos atributos apenas citados en este tipo de creaciones: sus implicaciones éticas (más allá de una confesión íntima) y por otro lado la evidente trabazón entre el género de la autoficción y las categorías interpretativas de los lectores.
Determination of measles, rubella, mumps and chickenpox seropositivity of district public hospital healthcare workers
Authors: YEKENKURUL Dilek 
Published: April 2021

Aim: Measles, rubella, mumps and chickenpox are the childhood diseases retain their importance in our country as well as all over the world. Healthcare workers have high probability of transmission due to their occupational risk; however by taking necessary protective measures, the risk can be reduced. Determining the seropositivity rates of healthcare workers; it was aimed to compare vaccination rates before and after screening.
Methods: The personnel cards of 160 healthcare workers who worked in ….. State Hospital, from January 2018- December 2018 were retrospectively scanned. Information of 100 personnel has been reached. Demographic characteristics such as age and gender; infection or vaccination history; measles, rubella, mumps and chickenpox IgG results; old vaccination information and last vaccination status were recorded.
Results: Total of 100 staffs, 19 (19%) men and 81 (81%) women, were included in the study. 89 staffs (89%) were found to be immune to measles. After the scanning, 11 of the personnels who were not vaccinated or had incomplete vaccines saw that the measles IgG result was negative and eight of them agreed to be vaccinated. The seropositivity rate of rubella was 93%. Five of the seven personnels with rubella IgG negative, agreed to be vaccinated. The lowest seropositivity rate was in mumps (79%). 14 of the 21 people with mumps IgG negative were vaccinated. The highest seropositivity rate was in chickenpox (96%). Three of the four people with chickenpox IgG negative were vaccinated.
Conclusion: In a country with such a high rate of migration as Turkey, it should be noted that especially who work in high-risk places as a hospital must be vaccinated. While the rate of vaccination for measles, rubella, mumps and chickenpox before screening is low (12%); our post-screening rate has increased (34%). Mumps seropositivity rate was lower than expected (79%).
A Transiting Warm Giant Planet around the Young Active Star TOI-201
Authors: Hobson Melissa J. , Brahm Rafael , Jordán Andrés , Espinoza Nestor , Kossakowski Diana , Henning Thomas , Rojas Felipe , Schlecker Martin , Sarkis Paula , Trifonov Trifon , Thorngren Daniel , Binnenfeld Avraham , Shahaf Sahar , Zucker Shay , Ricker George R. , Latham David W. , Seager S. , Winn Joshua N. , Jenkins Jon M. , Addison Brett , Bouchy François , Bowler Brendan P. , Briegal Joshua T. , Bryant Edward M. , Collins Karen A. , Daylan Tansu , Grieves Nolan , Horner Jonathan , Huang Chelsea , Kane Stephen R. , Kielkopf John , McLean Brian , Mengel Matthew W. , Nielsen Louise D. , Okumura Jack , Jones Matias , Plavchan Peter , Shporer Avi , Smith Alexis M. S. , Tilbrook Rosanna , Tinney C. G. , Twicken Joseph D. , Udry Stéphane , Unger Nicolas , West Richard , Wittenmyer Robert A. , Wohler Bill , Torres Pascal , Wright Duncan J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We present the confirmation of the eccentric warm giant planet TOI-201 b, first identified as a candidate in Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite photometry (Sectors 1–8, 10–13, and 27–28) and confirmed using ground-based photometry from Next Generation Transit Survey and radial velocities from FEROS, HARPS, CORALIE, and Minerva-Australis. TOI-201 b orbits a young (

) and bright (V = 9.07 mag) F-type star with a 52.9781 day period. The planet has a mass of

, a radius of

, and an orbital eccentricity of

it appears to still be undergoing fairly rapid cooling, as expected given the youth of the host star. The star also shows long-term variability in both the radial velocities and several activity indicators, which we attribute to stellar activity. The discovery and characterization of warm giant planets such as TOI-201 b are important for constraining formation and evolution theories for giant planets.
Statistics of 700 Individually Studied W UMa Stars
Authors: Latković Olivera , Čeki Atila , Lazarević Sanja 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We present a statistical study of the largest bibliographic compilation of stellar and orbital parameters of W UMa stars derived by light-curve synthesis with Roche models. The compilation includes nearly 700 individually investigated objects from over 450 distinct publications. Almost 70% of this sample is comprised of stars observed in the past decade that have not been considered in previous statistical studies. We estimate the ages of the cataloged stars, model the distributions of their periods, mass ratios, temperatures, and other quantities, and compare them with the data from the Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey, LAMOST, and Gaia archives. As only a small fraction of the sample has radial-velocity curves, we examine the reliability of the photometric mass ratios in totally and partially eclipsing systems and find that totally eclipsing W UMa stars with photometric mass ratios have the same parameter distributions as those with spectroscopic mass ratios. Most of the stars with reliable parameters have mass ratios below 0.5 and orbital periods shorter than 0.5 days. Stars with longer periods and temperatures above 7000 K stand out as outliers and should not be labeled W UMa binaries. The collected data are available as an online database at https://wumacat.aob.rs.
Phrynarachne birudissp. nov., a new crab spider (Araneae, Thomisidae) from South Korea
Authors: Im Jae Seong , Kim Seung Tae , Lee Sueyeon 
Published: April 2021

The crab spiders of the genus Phrynarachne Thorell, 1869 comprising 32 species has been widely known to distribute worldwide to date. Only one species, Phrynarachne katoi Chikuni, 1955, is known in Korea so far.
A new crab spider, Phrynarachne birudis sp. nov. is described, based on a male collected from Gumi-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea. The geographic record is provided as well as photos of habitus and illustrations of the male copulatory organ. The type specimens of this study are deposited in the collection of the Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBR) and Konkuk University (KKU), South Korea.
Prevalence and risks factors of the novel Escherichia albertii among gastroenteritis patients in Kano State, Nigeria
Authors: Sulaiman Mamunu A. , Aminu Maryam , Ella Elijah E. , Abdullahi Isa O. 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Escherichia albertii is an enteric bacteria associated with infectious gastroenteritis. However, information on this organism remains scant in Nigeria. The work was aimed at determining the prevalence of E. albertii among gastroenteritis patients (GEP) in relation to some risk and demographic factors.

Methods:
The study was a cross-sectional hospital-based research. A total of 540 stool samples, 450 from GEPs and 90 from apparently healthy individuals, were screened for the pathogen. The isolates were characterized by using both conventional and molecular techniques. Data were obtained using a structured questionnaire and were analyzed for the determination of some risk and demographic factors. Odds ratio and chi-square were used to ascertain the relationship between the factors and the disease.

Results:
Escherichia albertii was detected with an overall prevalence of 1.1%, which was 1.3% and 0% in the GEPs and apparently healthy individuals, respectively (Odd ratio = 2.6468, 95% CI, 0.1478–47.4042). Diarrhea and abdominal pain were statistically the significant manifestations of the disease. There was an equal prevalence in both males and females (1.3%), however, by chance higher (2.1%) among children aged 0 to 10 years. Additionally, primary school as the highest educational status and open defecation were found to be the risk factors of the infection.

Conclusions:
Escherichia albertii should be routinely targeted diagnostically in the patients presented with gastroenteritis in the studied area. Neither gender nor age was a risk factor, however open defecation was a significant risk factor of the disease.
Addis Ababa/Finfinee: A Blueprint towards Twin-city Administration
Authors: Sirna Zelalem Tesfaye 
Published: April 2021

This article analyses the challenge of Addis Ababa´s double status – both as capital of Ethiopia and that of the Regional State of Oromia. It delves into the unresolved issue of the special interest of Oromia in Addis Ababa/Finfinnee. This article propounds that, where there is no separate capital city administration directly responsible to the State of Oromia, it is constitutionally nonsensical and hierarchically incongruent to require the State of Oromia to join hands with the Addis Ababa city government for joint administration. Thus, it seeks to address the so-called “special interest” of Oromia in Addis Ababa/Finfinnee through two-city administrations. This stems from a critical reading of the constitutional provision which calls for the establishment of joint administration of Addis Ababa/Finfinnee (see: Art 49 (5) of the FDRE Constitution). Furthermore, the Indian model of city administration is taken as a lesson to supplement twin-city administration. This article finds that, for the State of Oromia to ensure not only the so-called “special interest in Addis Ababa” but most importantly its right to the city, it shall, a fortiori, undertake a structural adjustment.Keywords: Addis Ababa/Finfinnee, India, Special Interest, Twin-city Administration
Skin associated problems in working donkeys in three districts of Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Aragaw Kassaye , Abdella Abdulaziz , Fekadu Amene , Kassaye Asmamaw , Hindebu Bojia , Sheferaw Desie 
Published: April 2021

This study was conducted between November 2010 and April 2011 in 3 districts of Sidama Zone, southern Ethiopia, to estimate the prevalence and identify risk factors influencing occurrences of skin problems in donkeys. A total of randomly selected 384 male donkeys were clinically examined for skin problems. Hypothesized risk factors (age, body condition, use, feeding, housing at night, harness material, harness fitness) were either observed and recorded at the time of clinical examination or collected through semi-structured questionnaire. The overall prevalence of skin problems, taking into consideration harness sores, hyena bite, donkey bite, ectoparasites, epizootic lymphangitis, sarcoid, dermatophytosis, abscess, brand scar and ulcer due to Habronema was 91.9%. Sores were the most important (82.3%) skin problems followed by ectoparasites (22.1%). The ectoparasites identified in the study were lice (11.2%), ticks (10.4%) and mange mites (1.6%), with mixed infestation involving lice and ticks in 0.8% of the donkeys. Body condition, age, harness material and harness fitness were significantly associated with sore prevalence (P<0.001). Donkeys with poor body condition, old donkeys, donkeys with synthetic harness materials and ill-fitting harness had higher prevalence (P<0.001) of sores compared to their counterparts. The study revealed a high prevalence of skin problems in general and sores in particular which suggest profound compromise in welfare and health of the animals and possible neglect by their owners. Efforts should be made to increase the awareness of the community in general and donkey owners in particular towards improving animal welfare and health.Keywords: Skin problems, Donkey, Sore, Lice, Ticks, Ethiopia
Prevalence and associated economic loss of fetal wastage in small ruminants slaughtered at Addis Ababa municipality abattoir, Ethiopia
Authors: Wakayo Befekadu Urga , Abrham Yohanis 
Published: April 2021

The study examined prevalence and economic implications of abattoir pregnancy/ fetal wastage in small ruminants. Survey was conducted on ewes (n=201) and does (n=183) slaughtered at Addis Ababa municipality abattoirs, during December 2017 and January 2018. Female reproductive tracts were examined for presence and types of pregnancy and/ or gross disorders. Net economic lossand net economic risk due to abattoir fetal wastage were calculated for each species after accounting for naturally expected abortion and neonatal losses, and domestic net market values. One hundred forty-two (37 %) animals were pregnant 131 (34.1 %) with single and 11 (2.9 %) with twin fetus. A total of 153 fetuses were recovered giving a fetal wastage prevalence of 39.8 %. More animals in the second trimester (25.5 %) were slaughtered than those in first (8.3 %) or third (3.1 %) trimesters (p < 0.05). Prevalence of pregnancy was 32.8 % in does and 40.8 % in ewes (p = 0.104). Prevalence of fetal wastage was 37.2 % (68 fetuses) and 42.3 % (85 fetuses) in goats and sheep, respectively (p > 0.05). Abattoir pregnancy prevalence showed variations relative to slaughter month in goat (p < 0.01) and body condition in sheep (p < 0.05). Observed abattoir pregnancy prevalence levels incurred net economic loss of 313.55 USD in sheep (per 201 ewes) and 315.4 USD in goats (per 108 doe). This translated to net economic risk of 1.7 USD per mature doe or ewe slaughtered for meat. Nine (4.9 %) does and 1 (0.5 %) ewe showed gross reproductive tract disorders (p < 0.05). Frequent female slaughter without efficient ante-mortem pregnancy screening predisposed significant proportion of small ruminants to pregnancy/ fetal wastage. Deeper investigations are needed to understand reasons behind pregnant small ruminant slaughter and to mitigate its negative impacts onsustainability of animal production. Evaluating and capacity building on alternative small ruminant pregnancy diagnosis methods requires due attention.
Key words: Doe; Pregnancy; Reproductive disorders; Ewe; Fetal wastage; Economic implication; Abattoir
Application of Geographical Information System in Animal Disease Surveillance and Control: A Review
Authors: Tadesse Belege , Amare Abadi 
Published: April 2021

Animal disease patterns are changing because of climate change and there is a continuous occurrence of re-emerging and emerging types of diseases. So, new and modern tools are essential for monitoring and surveillance of these diseases. This review was done to give an insight on the applications of GIS in animal disease surveillance, reporting and control. Geographic information systems (GIS) provide the easy access, utilization and manipulation of geospatial information. The advantage of GIS is mapping the many different locations of farms and other facilities with animals on a single map which helps in better monitoring and surveillance. GIS also provides detailed information on disease forecasting, prediction of outbreaks, identification of disease clusters or hotspot, creation of buffer zones and to evaluate different strategies to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Moreover, it provides an ideal condition for the collection of disease related data and their analyses in relation to population distribution, surrounding social and health services and the natural environmental conditions.
Keywords: Animal diseases; Control; GIS; Surveillance
SIRIN HAMSHO DAN BAHASA ARAB
Authors: Nafi' Nahdliyyatul Azimah , Hakim Rahman 
Published: April 2021

سيرين حمشو هي نموذج للنساء العربيات المهاجرات ولها التزام كبير بالحفاظ على اللغة العربية. وعلى ذلك فهي مهندسة ومبتكرة توربينات الرياح في مجال الطاقة المتجددة. تعيش في البلد الذي معظم سكانه يتحدّثون باللغة الإنجليزية ، وهذا الأمر لا تمنع خطواتها لنشرة اللغة العربية. تبدأ عملية استيعاب اللغة العربية من نفسها وبنتَيْها وحتى مشاركيها في مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي. تستخدم الباحثة بحثا نوعيا من خلال وصف الإثنوغرافيا الافتراضية. تقوم الباحثة بجمع البيانات عن طريق الملاحظة والوثائق والدراسة المكتبية. و تحصل الباحثة على نتائج البحث فيما يلي 1) قامت سيرين بالحفاظ على اللغة العربية التي توجد في تحميلاتها اللفظية المختلفة في صفحتها مثلا: إنستاغرام و فيسبوك والوسلية الأخرى. 2) تُعلمّ سيرين اللغة العربية كلغة أَولَوِية ولغة أولى لبنتَيْها في المنزل باستخدام أساليب متنوعة و ممتعة. 3) إخراج فيلم قصير بعنوان "رسالة الأولى" كمشروع ضخم في جهود إحياء اللغة العربية لمواطنين ذي أصول عربية بشكل خاص وتعزيزاً للمسلمين بشكل عام.