bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Wound Architecture and Suture Technique on Postoperative Astigmatism
Authors: Gimbel Howard V , Sun Ran , DeBroff Brian M 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: A prospective randomized investigation was performed to evaluate the effects of wound architecture and suture techniques on postoperative astigmatism after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two hundred eyes with preexisting with-the-rule astigmatism were randomized into four groups: (1) sutureless scleral tunnel frown incision, (2) scleral tunnel frown incision with a horizontal suture, (3) scleral tunnel frown incision with both a horizontal and a running suture, and (4) posterior limbal acute beveled cataract incision with a running suture. All the incisions were placed in the vertical steep meridian.
* RESULTS: Data were analyzed from 128 cases with 1-year follow-up. The results revealed that at the 2-month postoperative visit, preexisting astigmatism was significantly reduced in group 1 (P = .029) and significantly increased in groups 3 (P = .020) and 4 (P = .005). There was no significant change in group 2 (P = .06). By the 1-year postoperative visit, there was no significant difference in astigmatism from preoperative levels for all four groups. Vector analysis revealed no significant difference in the mean surgically induced cylinder at 1 year in all four groups. The number of eyes with induced against-the-rule astigmatism, however, was significantly higher than the number of eyes with induced with-the-rule astigmatism in all four groups (P < .01).
* CONCLUSION: The authors found that sutured wounds placed in the vertical steep meridian may initially increase with-the-rule astigmatism, whereas nonsutured wounds placed in the vertical steep meridian may initially reduce with-the-rule astigmatism. By 1 year, however, a mean flattening of the vertical steep meridian was observed in the three groups with sutures as well as in the group without sutures.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1995;26:524-528.]
Clinical Management of Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lens Implants Dislocated in the Vitreous Cavity
Authors: Shakin Eric P , Carty James B 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To discuss the options for management and review the authors' experience with dislocated posterior chamber intraocular lens implants.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was performed over a 3-year period of 12 consecutive patients with posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL) implants dislocated into the vitreous cavity. The patients were managed wich pars plana vitrectomy, repositioning or exchange, and transscleral suture fixation of the PC IOL.
* RESULTS: The visual acuity was 20/50 or better in 9 patients and the transscleral suture fixated PC IOL was in good position in 12 patients at the most recent follow-up. Perioperative complications included corneal edema, cystoid macular edema, retinal breaks and detachments, and suture erosion.
* CONCLUSION: Visual and anatomic outcomes were favorable.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1995;26:529-534.]
Retrobulbar Anesthesia With a Flexible Catheter
Authors: Dantas Paulo Elias Correa , Nishiwaki-Dantas Maria Cristina , Henriques Marta Junqueira , de Almeida Geraldo Vicente 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND ANDOBJECTIVES: The authors describe a method that seeks to improve the administration of local anesthesia for intraocular surgery, avoiding the risk of potential complications associated with retrobulbar and peribulbar techniques and eliminating the inconveniences of the new methods such as subconjunctival and limbal infiltration.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of this technique in 50 consecutive cases. This technique consists of a small, blunt dissection of the conjunctiva, Tenons capsule, and intermuscular septum in the inferior nasal quadrant, followed by the insertion of a flexible catheter that is guided to the retrobulbar space, where 3.0 ml of anesthetic solution is injected.
* RESULTS: AU of the patients (100%) felt that this procedure was comfortable and painless. No complications were observed. Ultrasonography demonstrated the exact catheter position in the retrobulbar space; therefore, the authors could be sure that this anesthetic infiltration was done in the appropriate and safe place.
* CONCLUSIONS: This is a direct sub-Tenons technique that is simple, effective, and safe and that avoids introducing a sharp or metallic instrument into the orbit.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:275-278.]
Surgery for Esotropia With a High Accommodative Convergence/Accommodation Ratio: Effects on Accommodative Vergence and Binocularity
Authors: Arnoldi Kyle A , Tychsen Lawrence 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of strabismus surgery as an alternative treatment for high accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio (nonrefractive accommodative) esotropia.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-three consecutive children with an AC/A ratio of 5: 1 or greater and a distance-near disparity of 10 prism diopters (PD) or more were studied in a prospective design. Each patient was treated by recession of both medial rectus muscles for the full amount of esotropìa measured at near fixation through the fiill distance hyperopic correction. The magnitude of eso deviation, the AC/A ratio, and the grade of binocularity were measured before and a minimum of 4 months after strabismus surgery.
* RESULTS: Surgery reduced the mean preoperative eso deviation at near fixation by a factor of 4 (from a mean of 37 PD to a mean of 9 PD). Surgery eliminated the need for bifocals in 96% of the patients. The grade of binocular fusion or stereopsis improved in 70% of the patients, remained unchanged in 26%, and was degraded in 4%. Three (13%) of the children became exophoric; none of the children were exotropic.
* CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that strabismus surgery is an effective alternative to the long-term use of bifocals in the treatment of high AC/A ratio esotropia. Surgery may be more effective than bifocals in restoring normal stereopsis and binocular fusion.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:342-348.]
Corneal Incision Phacoemulsification and Internal Bleb Revision
Authors: Kasahara Niro , Sibayan Santiago A , Montenegro Martha H , Simmons Ruthanne B , Smith Thomas J 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cataract extraction in filtered eyes often leads to decreased outflow and, eventually, to bleb failure. The authors describe a surgical technique that promotes preservation of the filtering bleb.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed 19 eyes of 19 consecutive patients who underwent corneal incision phacoemulsification and simultaneous internal revision of the previous filtering bleb.
* RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 13.6 ± 7.6 months. Visual acuity improved in all patients (89.4% achieved 20/40 or better). No significant difference was noted between preoperative and postoperative intraocular pressures and astigmatism. The bleb was preserved in 89.4% of the eyes at the time of the last follow-up.
* CONCLUSIONS: This surgical technique proved to be safe and yielded good results.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:361-366.]
Outcome of Functioning Filtering Blebs After Pars Plana Vitrectomy
Authors: Thompson W Scott , Smiddy William E , Flynn Harry W , Rubsamen Patrick E 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To determine the status of filtering bleb function following pars plana vitrectomy.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed patients with functioning filtering blebs undergoing pars plana vitrectomy.
* RESULTS: Twenty-three eyes with functioning filtering blebs underwent pars plana vitrectomy. Postoperatively, 7/23 (30%) of the eyes had moderate (5 to 20 mm Hg) intraocular pressure (IOP), 8/23 of the eyes had IOP persistently greater than 20 mm Hg, and 7/23 of the eyes had IOP of less than 5 mm Hg. One of 7 eyes that underwent vitrectomy within 6 weeks after trabeculectomy maintained bleb function, whereas 6 of 16 eyes that underwent trabeculectomy 6 weeks or later maintained bleb function. Loss of bleb function occurred in the early postoperative period in the majority of the patients. Prior antimetabolite therapy was not associated with preservation of bleb function.
* CONCLUSION: There is a substantial risk of bleb failure following vitrectomy, which is in part related to the often severe nature of the diseases requiring vitreoretinal surgery.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:367-373.]
Phacoemulsification With and Without Trabeculectomy in Patients With Glaucoma
Authors: Yalvac Ilgaz , Airaksinen P Juhani , Tuulonen Anja 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study was performed to determine the postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) control in patients with glaucoma who underwent phacoemulsification with and without trabeculectomy.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-five eyes underwent phacoemulsification, and 21 eyes underwent combined surgery. The minimum postoperative follow-up for both groups was 6 months.
RESULTS: The average IOP decreased from 19.7 ± 4.6 mm Hg preoperatively to 16.3 ±3.1 mm Hg in the phacoemulsification group, and from 21.2 ± 5.9 mm Hg to 14.4 ± 3.3 mm Hg in the combined group at 6 months (statistically not significant). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of visual acuity improvement or the number of glaucoma medications.
CONCLUSION: Cataract surgery, with phacoemulsification alone and combined with trabeculectomy, induces a statistically and clinically significant reduction of IOP in patients with glaucoma.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:469-475.]
Perforating BB Gun Injuries of the Globe
Authors: Pulido Jose S , Gupta Sunil , Folk James C , Ossoinig Karl C 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To determine the visual and anatomic outcomes of eyes with perforating BB gun injuries.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors reviewed the surgical management and final visual outcome of seven patients with BB gun- related perforating injuries of the globe seen by them between 1980 and 1995. Six patients underwent surgery, and one patient refused intervention and was lost to follow-up. Scleral buckles, lensectomies, and vitrectomies were performed in these six cases.
* RESULTS: Five patients had a final visual acuity of 5/200 or better, with four patients achieving 20/200 or better and two of them having 20/70 or better. A posterior perforation involving the macula or an area temporal to the macula was associated with poor visual outcome. The visual acuity and the relative afferent pupillary defect at presentation or after the initial repair did not correlate with the final visual outcome. In addition, the presence of subretinal blood did not necessarily portend a poor prognosis in these young patients.
* CONCLUSIONS: At least some eyes with perforating injuries can retain good visual acuity with aggressive surgical management using modern vitrectomy techniques. Visual acuity should not necessarily be used as the only exclusion criterion for intervention or enucleation.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:625-632.]
Ketorolac Tromethamine in the Maintenance of Intraoperative Mydriasis
Authors: Gupta Ved P , Dhaliwal Upreet , Prasad Nagendra 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Mydriatics and antiprostaglandins are routinely applied preoperatively to facilitate the aspiration of cortical material during extracapsular cataract surgery and to prevent intraoperative miosis. Unfortunately, the ideal antiprostaglandin has yet to be introduced. This study represents the first prospective, case-controlled, randomized, masked, clinical trial comparing the efficacy of oral ketorolac tromethamine (KT) with the efficacy of topical flurbiprofen sodium (FS) and a placebo (normal saline) in maintaining intraoperative mydriasis without adrenaline in the irrigation solution.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-three patients, undergoing extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation, were randomly divided into three equal groups. Group 1 received 20 mg of oral KT 2 hours prior to surgery, group 2 received 0.03% FS topical solution at the recommended dosage, and group 3 received topical normal saline in a regimen identical to that of group 2. Identical mydriatics were used in both groups. The patients' pupils were measured at five stages of surgery.
* RESULTS: The mean pupillary diameters at each surgical stage were greater in group 1 than in group 2; however, the difference was not statistically significant. The pupils in group 3 were significantly smaller than those of group 1 or group 2 (P < .05). No systemic toxicity to KT was observed. Moreover, the need for additional postoperative analgesics was significantly greater in groups 2 and 3.
* CONCLUSIONS: Oral KT is safe, convenient, and as effective as topical FS, and has the added advantage of reducing postoperative pain.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:731-738.]
Holmium Laser Sclerostomy in Glaucomatous Eyes With Prior Surgery: 24-Month Results
Authors: Friedman David S , Katz Jay , Lean Martha 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of holmium laser sclerostomy in glaucoma patients who have had prior intraocular surgery.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of outcomes for 25 patients who underwent holmium laser sclerostomy from 1991 to 1993.
* RESULTS: Postoperative success (defined as a drop in intraocular pressure of 30% and a final intraocular pressure of less than 22 mm Hg) at 24 months ranged from 36% to 52%, depending on criteria chosen for success. There were no major complications from the procedure.
* CONCLUSIONS: Holmium laser sclerostomy can be successful in a highly select group of patients undergoing filtration procedures who have had prior intraocular surgery.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:17-22.]
Pneumatic Retinopexy for Late-Onset Recurrent Retinal Detachment
Authors: Weinberger Dov , Stiebel-Kalish Hadas , Crystal Ornit , Axer-Siegel Ruth , Mosseive Y , Yassur Yuval 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Pneumatic retinopexy is used as a primary procedure for the repair of retinal detachments caused by visible retinal tears. Its application for late-onset recurrent retinal detachments following previous pneumatic retinopexy or scleral buckling procedure has not been reported to date.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Pneumatic retinopexy was performed in 12 patients with recurrent retinal detachments due to new retinal tears who presented 6 months to 10 years after pneumatic retinopexy (8 patients) or scleral buckling surgery (4 patients). Follow-up ranged from 6 to 24 months.
* RESULTS: All the retinas reattached within the first few postoperative days and remained attached throughout follow-up. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed. Visual acuity either remained unchanged (if good before) or improved.
* CONCLUSION: Pneumatic retinopexy may be a feasible option for recurrent late-onset retinal detachment under the proper clinical conditions.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:43-47.]
The Use of Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope Microperimetry to Detect Visual Impairment Caused by Macular Photocoagulation
Authors: Ishiko Satoshi , Ogasawara Hironobu , Yoshida Akitoshi , Hanada Kazuomi 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the effectiveness of scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) microperimetry in detecting retinal sensitivity and in describing areas of unstable fixation following photocoagulation therapy.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two patients with iatrogenic vision loss resulting from photocoagulation therapy underwent a fundus examination, SLO microperimetry, and fluorescein angiography. One patient also underwent indocyanine green angiography.
* RESULTS: Two types of visual acuity decrease - sudden-onset and late-onset - were demonstrated following macular photocoagulation, the former resulting from incorrect identification of the fixation point, and the latter from enlarging photocoagulation scars placed in close proximity to the fovea. In one case, SLO microperimetry detected dense scotoma corresponding to the patients symptoms and an unstable fixation point. In the other case, different retinal sensitivities were found in the photocoagulation scars. No differences were found with fluorescein angiography or indocyanine green angiography.
* CONCLUSION: SLO microperimetry might be effective for quantitative assessment of retinal sensitivity in photocoagulation scars and for detecting fixation points and determining their stability.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:95-98.]
Time-Kill Profiles of Enterococcus to Antibiotics Used for Intravitreal Therapy
Authors: Kowalski Regis P , Karenchak Lisa M , Warren Brent B , Eller Andrew W 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To determine and then compare the time-kill profiles of Enterococcus to antibiotics used for intravitreal therapy.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The time-kill profiles of four endophthalmitis isolates of Enterococcus faecalis, one vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis isolate, and three vancomycin-resistant isolates of E. faecium were determined against vancomycin, amikacin, cefazolin, gentamicin, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, clindamycin, and the combinations of vancomycin and amikacin, vancomycin and ceftazidime, vancomycin and gentamicin, vancomycin and ampicillin, cefazolin and gentamicin, and ampicillin and gentamicin.
* RESULTS: No single antibiotic or combination was bactericidal (defined as a 99.9% kill) to all isolates of Enterococcus. Gentamicin was bactericidal to all E. faecalis isolates. None of the tested antibiotics were bactericidal to vancomycin-resistant E. faecium.
* CONCLUSIONS: The time-kill profiles demonstrated that vancomycin and ceftazidime did not produce a 99.9% kill for E. faecalis in this small study. Gentamicin combined with either cefazolin or ampicillin had somewhat better bactericidal activity and should be considered as an alternative therapy. Novel therapy may be necessary to treat endophthalmitis because of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, depending on the susceptibility patterns of the individual isolate and the response to initial therapy.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:295-299.]
Intraocular Pressure in Nonglaucomatous Eyes With Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome After Cataract Surgery
Authors: Wirbelauer Christopher , Anders Norbert , Pham Duy T , Wollensak Josef , Laqua Horst 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To investigate the course of the intraocular pressure (IOP) in nonglaucomatous patients with Pseudoexfoliation (PSX) syndrome after cataract surgery.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a prospective age-matched controlled clinical study, 23 consecutive patients with PSX were studied and compared with a control group of 23 patients. The IOP was measured by applanation tonometry preoperatively, and postoperatively on day 1, after 4 weeks, and after 6 months. All patients were operated on with a self-sealing 7-mm scleral tunnel incision, phacoemulsification, and posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.
* RESULTS: Preoperatively the IOP was similar between both groups (P = .962). At the first postoperative day the IOP was below 22 mm Hg in all cases. After 4 weeks and 6 months a mean decrease of 3.88 mm Hg (P = .001) in the control group and of 3.15 mm Hg (P = .002) in the PSX group was observed; this difference was not statistically significant (P =.543).
* CONCLUSIONS: At 1 day postoperatively no pressure increase was observed in the eyes with PSX after scleral tunnel incision and phacoemulsification. Six months after cataract extraction with IOL implantation, the tension level decreased in the presence of PSX similarly as in normal eyes.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:466-471.]
Lack of Effect of Prophylactic Gentamicin Treatment on Intraocular and Extraocular Fluid Cultures After Pars Plana Vitrectomy
Authors: Gelfand Yuval A , Mezer Eedy , Linn Shai , Miller Benjamin 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of preoperative prophylactic 0.3% gentamicin sulfate eye-drops on intraocular and extraocular fluid cultures after pars plana vitrectomy.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty consecutive patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy were randomly assigned to receive either 0.3% gentamicin eyedrops or placebo preoperatively. Fluids from the vitreous cavity and from the conjunctival sac were collected for bacteriologic studies.
* RESULTS: Positive cultures from extraocular fluids were obtained in 30.4% of the gentamicin group and 35.3% of the placebo group (P = .75). Furthermore, 1 (3%) of 40 cultures of intraocular fluid and 13 (33%) of 40 cultures of extraocular fluid were positive. Culture growth positivity was not influenced by the patients' age, by diabetes, or by the duration of the operation.
* CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic gentamicin treatment by the method applied in this study is not effective on reducing growth positivity. Contaminated extraocular fluid may play an important role in the pathogenesis of bacterial endophthalmitis following pars plana vitrectomy.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:497-501.]
Factors Affecting Image Acquisition During Scanning Laser Polarimetry
Authors: Hoh Sek Tien , Greenfield David S , Liebmann Jeffrey M , Maw Richard , Ishikawa Hiroshi , Chew Sek Jin , Ritch Rubert 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To illustrate artifacts that may be encountered during measurement of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) using scanning laser polarimetry (SLP).
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 426 patients with a variety of ocular diagnoses underwent RNFL measurements using SLP from June 1996 to April 1997. Scanning was performed by two operators whose reproducibility of measurements had been previously validated. Images were selected to illustrate clinical features that adversely affected measurement of the thickness of the RNFL.
* RESULTS: Image acquisition was difficult in eyes with corneal grafts or edema, keratic precipitates, anterior uveitis, posterior subcapsular cataract, vitreous opacity, peripapillary atrophy, posterior staphyloma, and high axial myopia. These scans resulted in poor clinical correlation with visual field tests and optic nerve examination, poor reproducibility of images, and unreadable images.
* CONCLUSION: Anterior and posterior segment pathologies, particularly those localized to the cornea and lens, may produce spurious RNFL measurements and should be carefully considered prior to clinical decision making.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:545-551.]