bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
دور المعلومات المحاسبية في مكافحة التهرب الضريبي بالتطبيق على ضرائب الدخل في السودان
Authors: عبد الله خليفة 
Published: December 2021

دور المعلومات المحاسبية في مكافحة التهرب الضريبي بالتطبيق على ضرائب الدخل في السودان
The study dealt with the use of accounting information to combat tax evasion.
The problem of the research is represented by the fact that there is an income tax loss due to tax evasion in the Sudan.
The study aims at investigating the effects of tax evasion in the Sudan and effectiveness of using the accounting information to combat it
الدعاء و أثره في تزكية النفوس
Authors: يوسف بابكر الشيخ 
Published: December 2021

الدعاء و أثره في تزكية النفوس
Blesses to Allah who created us to be among those who supplicate their God desirably , concealledly , frighteningly and publicly .1 sum up the themes of the research in the following points: 1.
Researching in spiritual studies will never expire as it derives its strength from the zikr (the holy Quran), referring to the verse ( wc have revealled yhe zikr and it will be surely preserved by us) 2.
Supplication is a spiritual value which constitutes the core of all religious ceremonies ,so ,all the whorshippings are initiated on it.
3.
Sastisfaction is obtained by benefiting of supplication ,it can purify our souls and help in bringing -up descendents in good behaviour.
4.
Values of modesty and submission to Allah are extracted from supplication .
5.
Promoting all favoured virtues with exploiting the rituals of supplication, to approach the aim of purifying souls and endorsing Alla,s fate and decree both good and evil
حجاب المرأة المسلمة و حدوده الشرعية من الوجهة التربوية الإسلامية
Authors: عدنان حسن باحارث 
Published: December 2021

حجاب المرأة المسلمة و حدوده الشرعية من الوجهة التربوية الإسلامية
باحارث، عدنان حسن. 2012. حجاب المرأة المسلمة و حدوده الشرعية من الوجهة التربوية الإسلامية. مجلة جامعة أم درمان الإسلامية،مج. 2012، ع. 21، ص ص. 29-58.
“YEDEK SUBAY ÖĞRETMEN” UYGULAMASINDA AHMET SAY VE GÖRİZ KÖYÜ (BİNGÖL) ÖRNEĞİ (1960-63)
Authors: ÇAPARLAR Ahmet 
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışma, 27 Mayıs 1960 Darbesi’nden sonra Milli Birlik Komitesi tarafından hayata geçirilen ve Anadolu’nun kırsal bölgelerindeki öğretmensiz köylerde tatbik edilen yedek subay öğretmen uygulamasının Bingöl’e bağlı Çevrimpınar (Görüz) Köyü’ndeki örneğini ele almaktadır. “Yedek Subay Öğretmen” uygulaması çerçevesinde Bingöl’e tayin edilen Ahmet Say, şehre ulaştıktan sonra dönemin valisi Kemalettin Gazezoğlu tarafından Çevrimpınar Köyü’nde görev yapması için vazifelendirilmiştir.
Çevrimpınar Köyü’ndeki görev yerine ulaşan Ahmet Say, henüz okulu olmayan ve neredeyse Türkçe konuşmayı dahi bilmeyen bir öğrenci kitlesi ile karşılaşmıştır. Köyün ileri gelenlerinden Mehmet Şerif Çalbay ile tanışan Say, onun kendisine tahsis ettiği köy odasında ikamet etmeye başlamıştır. Ardından köy ahalisinin ortak kararı ve katkısıyla yıkık dökük bir oda tamir edilerek öğrencilerin eğitim alacağı fiziki koşullar sağlanmıştır. 1960-63 yıllar arasında söz konusu köyde ilkokul eğitimini ilk kez başlatan Ahmet Say, sadece öğrencilere değil yetişkinlere de yönelik el sanatları, tiyatro ve sinema gibi eğitsel alanlarda da faaliyetler düzenlemiştir. Öğretmen Say, Çevrimpınar (Görüz)’da öğretmenlik yaptığı süreci ve 1960’lı yıllarda Bingöl ile ilgili gözlemlerini kaleme almayı ihmal etmeyip, sonraki yıllarda yayımlamıştır.
Skin Darkening in COVID-19 Patients: Case Series of Eight Patients in a Hemodialysis Unit.
Authors: Rind Habib Ullah , Iftikhar Nadia , Rehman Fazal ur , Zarkoon Abdul Kareem , Mohkam Syed , Rehman Gulalai, , Baig Umar , Khan Moheudin , Khan Ghulam Muhammad , Ataullah Attaullah 
Published: December 2021

The Pandemic of COVID-19 has grasped the whole world and changed dramatically, together with our social, occupational and personal life with high mortality and morbidity with other consequences since December 2019 started from Wuhan and then declared pandemic in March. It has been observed to involve every organ of the body including skin. Various skin manifestations, but most cases reported were like urticarial rash, xanthemas, chickenpox-like vesicle, vasculitidic type, pressure sores, contact dermatitis and a single case was reported in china with skin darkening. The COVID-19 and cutaneous manifestations are recognized by physicians and dermatologist treating COVID-19. We have observed around eight cases of COVID -19 who had skin darkening in our center Baluchistan Institute of Nephrology and Urology Quetta, among these included were six dialysis technicians one chronic maintenance dialysis patient and a physician. We present the representative cases and discuss the skin manifestations of COVID-19.
Does Static Intra Access Pressure Monitoring of Arteriovenous Fistulas Predicts Intra Access Stenosis?
Authors: Rehman Abaid ur , Khan Muhammad Imran , Sabir Omer , Riaz Muhammad Mohsin , Dilawar Mubashar , Afzal Hafiz Usman , Basit Muhamad Bilal 
Published: December 2021

The initiation of hemodialysis in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires vascular access formation. The choice of vascular access for individual patient depends on various factors however arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is conventionally considered to be the vascular access of choice. Once hemodialysis is initiated through a mature AVF, there is an ongoing need for surveillance of the AVF to ensure adequate function and prevent vascular access issues among which flow obstruction (both inflow and outflow) remains the most important. AVF stenosis can potentially lead to inadequate dialysis delivery and thrombosis thus leading to access loss. Physical examination and AVF Doppler ultrasonography (DUS) are useful for evaluation of stenosis in the arteriovenous connection and the outflow tract. Periodic assessment of the AVF with Static Intra access Pressure (SIAPR) determination may be a reliable means of predicting vascular access stenosis.
Material & Methods A cross sectional study carried out at Department of Nephrology, Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore from July 2018 to December 2018. In total 113 patients were included, and all patients underwent SIAPR assessment and Doppler Ultrasound of AVF.
Results Mean age of the patients was 56.81±9.38 years, male to female ratio of the patients was 1.8:1. In this study the SIAPR was suggestive of stenosis in 87(76.99%) patients. The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of SIAPR against Doppler US of the AVF for detection of stenosis was 75.86%, 22.62% & 36.28% respectively
Conclusion SIAPR has low specificity and diagnostic accuracy compared to Doppler US for detection of AVF stenosis.
Frequency and Microbiological Profile of Catheter-Related Infections in Hemodialysis Patients Receiving Gentamicin as Antimicrobial Lock Therapy for Prophylaxis
Authors: Mahmood Sumbal Nasir , Asif Sabaa , Anwar Muhammad Amim , Naveed Osama Kunwer 
Published: December 2021

Antibiotic lock solution (ALS) in the lumen of catheter is a mean to decrease the possibility of catheter related blood stream infection (CRBSI). We conducted this study using Gentamicin as ALS to observe the frequency of catheter related infections (CRI) including CRBSI and exit site infection in this hemodialysis patients being dialyzed through tunneled and temporary hemodialysis catheters.
Methods This descriptive, cross sectional study was conducted at Dr. Ziauddin Hospital, North Campus between January 2017- December 2017. Symptomatic patients for CRBSI were included in this study. Blood culture from the catheter ports and periphery and exit site swab if pus visible were sent for culture sensitivity.
Results Total 138 patients of either gender with age more than 18 years to less than 80 years were evaluated. 44.9% were male and mean age of patients was 58.79±14.05 years. 70.3% patients were diabetic for 15.61±4.61 years and 11.6% were using immunosuppressive drugs. The overall mean catheter duration was 22.27±14.39 days and mean hemodialysis duration was 25.32±44.31 weeks. Tunneled catheter was placed in 40.6% and 46.4% had femoral temporary catheters. Blood culture was done for 51 cases and 21.5% were positive. Tip culture was positive in 33.3% patients. In our study, 23.18% patients were found to have catheter related infections, out of which 61.5% were found with gentamicin resistance including colonization.
Conclusion We report a high frequency of catheter related infections despite using ALS as prophylaxis, with predominant organisms being gram positives and a high incidence of gentamycin resistance.
One Year Reinfection Rate of Hepatitis C Among Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis After Successful Antiviral Treatment
Authors: Khurshid Sanaa , Cheema Sidra Shafiq , Cheema Shafeeq 
Published: December 2021

Background: Direct acting antiviral therapies (DAA) are an important tool for hepatitis C virus elimination. Cross-contamination as a result of failure to follow infection control procedures. We estimated HCV reinfection rates among treated individuals on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) in our dialysis patients.
Methods: We analyzed data from Jinnah hospital dialysis center cohort on maintenance hemodialysis who previously took direct acting antiviral therapy (DAA) for treatment of hepatitis C in a prospective randomized interventional trial which included 36 patients. These patients were followed for one year after sustained virologic response (SVR) was achieved. At one year, reinfection was defined as a positive HCV RNA measurement at one year after achievement of SVR. Genotype was also assessed for patients who had positive HCV RNA by PCR. As a secondary objective, one year mortality was also calculated in this treated population.
Results: Of 32 patients who were treated with DAAs, SVR after one year of completion of treatment was 100% in group 1 and 85.8% in group 2. None of the patients in group 1 had reinfection one year after achieving SVR while 2 out of 14 patients in group 2 were found to have reinfection with same genotype as previous. Overall reinfection rate was 2/32 (6.25%). Crude reinfection rate per 100 person-years was 6.25. One year mortality was 16% and 44% in group 1 and 2 respectively.
Conclusion: Reinfection rate is low among successfully treated HCV patients on maintenance hemodialysis when strict implementation and adherence to ‘universal precautions’ is practiced.
Sub-Acute Intestinal Obstruction – A Rare Complication in a patient with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Naseer Nazish , Yaqub Sonia 
Published: December 2021

associated with vomiting and constipation. On examination he was an obese, ill looking male with a distended abdomen and bilateral palpable flank masses. Gut sounds were sluggish. Small and large bowel loops were found to be dilated on abdominal x-ray. Computed tomography scan of the abdomen showed grossly enlarged kidneys occupying almost whole of the abdomen pushing small bowel loops anteriorly. Based on clinical and radiological findings a diagnosis of sub-acute intestinal obstruction was made. Patient was managed conservatively (i.e. with NG tube and rectal decompression). This case highlights intestinal obstruction as a rare complication of ADPKD.
Covid-19 and Acute Kidney Injury: Recent Updates
Authors: Shafi Salman Tahir 
Published: December 2021

In January 2020, the pathogen was identified and named by the World Health Organization as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2). The consequent SARS-CoV-2-related disease was defined as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As data emerged about characteristics of the disease, it was found to be associated with increased risk of acute kidney injury (AKI). We explore the recent literature and reports emerging from the epicenters of the pandemic to help our viewers understand the nature of AKI among these patients.
Etiology and Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Admitted to a Single Tertiary Care Hospital: Balochistan Institute of Nephrology-Urology Quetta
Authors: Zarkoon Abdul Kareem Zarkoon , Rind Habib Ullah , Khan Moin , Ahmed Aijaz , Jakrani Nasir , Hussain Muhammad , Ali Hamid , Haq Mujeeb ul , Mandokhail Abdul Ghaffar , Ullah Atta , Khalil Faiza , Hameed, Ghulam Muhammad. Abdul , Muhammad Ghulam 
Published: December 2021

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical syndrome with broad spectrum of etiologies and an important cause of morbidity and mortality requiring hospitalization. Depending on the cause and nature of AKI it may complicate to be life threatening or even proceed to Chronic Kidney disease (CKD) compromising the quality of life.
Methods: The current retrospective study determines the causes and outcomes of AKI in patients of different age groups, who required hospitalization at our tertiary care hospital from March 2018 to March 2020. Possible etiologic conditions for AKI were recorded during the study period and AKI was classified according to the causes, age and outcome.
Results: records of total of 267 patients with diagnosis of AKI were obtained who were admitted during the study period. Obstetric related diagnosis was the commonest reason for AKI (n= 50 18.7%), another 42 (15.7%) had obstructive nephropathy, prerenal AKI in 35 patients (13.1%) and other causes such as glomerulonephritis, sepsis, pigment nephropathy and drug related interstitial nephritis among others.
Majority of the patients needed dialytic support, n=190 (71.2%) and majority of patients n=181 patients (67.7%) recovered completely, and only 11 patients (4.2%) expired.
Conclusion: Our study reveals that majority of patients with AKI presenting to BINUQ had reversible causes of AKI with complete recovery in significant number of patients. Community wise programs to early detect AKI with prompt treatment will decrease the likelihood of such patients adding to the CKD population.
Association between Parathyroid Hormone and Anemia: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study of maintenance Hemodialysis Patients of a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Junejo Abdul Mnannan , Ali Muhammad , Ahmad Shafique , Ejaz Ayesha , Iram Hina , Kumar Sandeep 
Published: December 2021

Objective
The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between intact parathyroid hormone levels (iPTH) and hemoglobin (Hb) levels in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who were on hemodialysis.
Material and methods
An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Nephrology at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre in Karachi, Pakistan. Patients were enrolled in this study after consent and institutional review board approval. Serum samples were collected for Hb level, iPTH level, vitamin D, urea and creatinine, ferritin, and transferrin saturation.
Results
Ninety four patients were inducted into this study; men comprised 66.0% of the patients, and Diabetes mellitus was the commonest etiology of ESRD.
Most of the patients were on dialysis for more than 5 years on twice per week hemodialysis. Mean Hemoglobin was 9.29g/dl, iPTH 576.59ng/dl and Vitamin D 25.47ng/ml. Significant inverse correlation was found between anemia and i-PTH levels.
Conclusion
Hyperparathyroidism is one of the major contributor anemia among maintenance hemodialysis patients.
Lipid Abnormalities Using Random Sampling In Patients With End Stage Renal Disease On Thrice Weekly Hemodialysis
Authors: Anwar Shahid , Zainab Alvina , Mazhar Sobia 
Published: December 2021

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the dialysis population. Among other risk factors abnormalities in lipid metabolism occur in patients with all stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The most common dyslipidemia in CKD and dialysis is hypertriglyceridemia, whereas the total cholesterol concentration can be normal or low, perhaps due in part to malnutrition. Although hypertriglyceridemia that occurs in CKD may not significantly increase coronary risk, other changes may contribute to the accelerated atherosclerosis. We tried to find out how many patients in our setup on thrice weekly hemodialysis are suffering from dyslipidemia and whether taking treatment or not.
Methodology: Cross sectional study conducted at dialysis center of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore including all seventy patients with ESRD undergoing regular HD three times a week, 4 hours per session. Random blood samples (Non-fasting) were collected before dialysis for lipid profile including serum
triglyceride, LDL, HDL and total cholesterol.
Results: Out of 70 patients only 3 (4.4%) patients were on statins for dyslipidemia. Triglycerides were high in 41.4%, total cholesterol was low in 61.4%, and HDL was low in 34.3%.
Conclusion: Hypertriglyceridemia is major lipid abnormality among hemodialysis patients.
Successful Treatment of Massive Pulmonary and Venous Thromboembolism with Intravenous Heparin in a Patient with Mild Membranous Nephropathy.
Authors: Mukhtar Kunwer Naveed , Bibi Shaheen , Mahmood Sumbal Nasir , Naveed Osama Kunwer 
Published: December 2021

Membranous nephropathy is well described to be associated with hypercoagulable state. Pulmonary embolism is a common occurrence with hypercoagulability and early recognition and prompt treatment including thrombolysis is warranted. We present here a case of massive thrombus in the pulmonary trunk and inferior vena cava in a patient with membranous nephropathy where anticoagulation with heparin was continued with successful resolution over time. We discuss the pros and cons of anticoagulation amangement in such patients and review the literature.
A Rare Genetic Cause of End Stage Renal Disease- Nail Patella Syndrome
Authors: Khan Azhar Ali , Karamat Javaria 
Published: December 2021

Hereditary osteo-onchodysplasia syndrome commonly known as nail patella syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder that manifests with skeletal abnormalities and renal disease. Its incidence is 1 in 50,000 and reported in patients all over world. The renal disease involves glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickening and rarely proceeds to End stage renal disease (ESRD). It requires histological diagnosis with electron microscopy to differentiate from other disease associated with proteinuria. As no specific treatment is available so management involves early recognition and close follow up for symptomatic relief of renal as well as skeletal complications. Prevention involves genetic counselling being solely helpful. This case report is of a patient diagnosed with nail patella syndrome with strong family history but rapidly progressed to ESRD and we were not able to proceed for histology.
Health Related Quality of Life Among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis in Pakistan.
Authors: Ahmed Raheel , Ahmed Tanveer , Ud Din Najm , Munib Syed , Inayat Ur Rehman Inayat Ur Rehman , Haseeb Abdul 
Published: December 2021

Background: Hemodialysis is a well-established replacement therapy for patient with end stage kidney disease havin a great impact on the patient’s quality of life. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the health-related quality of life of patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.
Methods: A cross sectional single centere survey was carried out from March 2018 to June 2018 at Department of Nephrology, Institute of Kidney diseases, Peshawar in Pakistan. A 36 item KDQOL validated Urdu version was used to identify the quality of life of patients.
Results: A total of n=184 patients having chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis participated,of whom 63.6% were males and 57.1% patients were Pashtun. A multiple linear regression showed that patients having kidney disease caused due to hypertension had 45% higher kidney disease component summary (KDCS) score while 16% higher physical component summary (PCS) score and 60% higher mental component summary (MCS) score and were statistically significant. Similarly; Peshawari patients had 22% lower PCS score as compared to other ethnic groups ; however, in MCS Peshawari patients had 16% higher score and were statistically significant.
Conclusion: The patients have poor quality of life receiving hemodialysis therapy in all three domains like PCS, MCS and KDCS.
Aku Dalam Puisi Sebuah catatan untuk sajak-sajak Toeti Heraty
Authors: Goenawan Mohamad  
Published: December 2021

Puisi hidup dengan hal-hal yang tak akan kekal, tak esensial, hanya aksidental. Tiap kali, yang fana, yang rentan, yang kebetulan dan tak disangka-sangka justru membuat kita (dan puisi) jadi hidup, antara asyik dan murung, dan kita seakan-akan tergugah, berseru. Sifat puisi yang seperti itulah yang membuat Plato mengatakan bahwa ada “perseteruan purba antara puisi dan filsafat”. Demikian yang ditulis Goenawan Mohamad ketika membahas sajak-sajak Toeti Heraty. Selain sebagai penyair dan kolektor seni, almarhumah Toeti Heraty juga seorang filsuf, disertasinya kemudian dibukukan menjadi Aku Dalam Budaya (1984).
Modelling the impact of climate change on rice production in India
Authors: RATHORE L. S. , SINGH K. K. , SASEENDRAN S. A. , BAXLA A. K. 
Published: December 2021

The CERES-Rice crop simulation model, calibrated and validated for the varieties PR106 in NW India. IR36 in central India and Jaya in south India, is used for nalysing the effect of climate change on rice productivity in the country. Plausible climate change scenario for the Indian subcontinent as expected by the middle of the next century taking into account the projected emissions of greenhouse gases and sulphate aerosols, in a coupled atmosphere-ocean model experiment performed at Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum, Germany, is adopted for the study. The adopted scenario represented an increase in monsoon seasonal mean surface temperature of the order of about 1.5° C over the south India and 1°C over northwest and central India in the decade 2040-49 with respect to the 1980s and an increase in rainfall of the order of 2 mm per day over south India while the simulated decrease of the order about -1 mm and -1.5 mm over northwest and central India respectively. The IPCC Business-as-usual scenario projection of plant usable concentration of CO2 about 460 PPM by the middle fo the next century are also used in the crop model simulation (CERES - Rice V3 Model).

Simulation studies carried out with the climate change scenarios over different parts of the country are analysed and interpreted.
Sistemas Globais de Insumo-Produto: Uma Comparação entre o ICIO e a WIOT
Authors: Gonçalves Júnior Carlos Alberto 
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo comparar os sistemas globais de insumo produto Intercountry Input-Output Model ICIO da Organização para Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico OCDE e a \emph{World Input-Output Table} WIOT, desenvolvida pela World Input-Output Database WIOD, no intuito de identificar as principais diferenças existentes entre eles em termos holísticos e partitivos. Posteriormente, avaliou-se se a escolha entre os referidos sistemas pode influenciar os resultados da análise de insumo-produto. Os resultados mostraram que a aparentemente baixa proximidade, em termos partitivos, entre os valores estimados pelo ICIO e pela WIOT não resultou em maiores diferenças holísticas, isto é, não comprometeu os resultados da análise de insumo-produto para a grande maioria dos países. Todavia, quando se trata de uma análise específica para alguns países, como Malta, Chipre, Lituânia e Luxemburgo, e/ou alguns setores, principalmente os de serviços, alguns apontamentos feitos neste estudo precisam ser considerados.