bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Copper(II)‐Mediated Intermolecular Radical [3+2]‐Annulation of N,N‐Dimethyl Enaminones: Direct Access to 5‐Acyl‐3‐Furancarboxaldehydes
Authors: Zhang Biao , Zhou Pan , Xu Hui , Huang Jiuzhong , Sun Yulin , Liu Donghan , Yu Fuchao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCopper(II)‐mediated unprecedented intermolecular radical [3+2] annulation of N,N‐dimethyl enaminones has been developed. The protocol is promoted simply by copper(II) chloride to access 5‐acyl‐3‐furancarboxaldehydes with acceptable to good yields and broad substrate scope. This reaction allows the formation of multiple new bonds, including C(sp2)−O bond between two nucleophilic sites, C(sp2)−C(sp2) bond and C=O bond, through a radical cyclization process. Moreover, gram‐synthesis and application research show the potential application value of this transformation in industry.magnified image
Mechanistic Investigation of Electrostatic Field‐Enhanced Water Evaporation
Authors: Fei Jipeng , Ding Bin , Koh See Wee , Ge Junyu , Wang Xingli , Lee Liquan , Sun Zixu , Yao Mengqi , Chen Yonghao , Gao Huajian , Li Hong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInvestigations on external electrostatic field (EEF)‐enhanced liquid water evaporation have been reported decades ago, which suggest that molecular alignment and polarization tuned by EEF accelerating the phase change process could be responsible for EEF‐enhanced water evaporation. However, a detailed study revealing the role of EEF in altering the intermolecular and intramolecular water structure is lacking. Herein, an EEF is proved to tune water state by accelerating the thermal movement of water molecules, lowering the molecular escaping energy, and loosening the hydrogen bond structure. The detailed mechanisms and field interactions (heat and electrostatic) are investigated by in situ Raman characterizations and molecular dynamic simulations, which reveal that an EEF can effectively reduce the free energy barrier of water evaporation and then increase the evaporated water molecule flux. As a proof of concept, an EEF is integrated into an interfacial two‐dimentional solar steam generator, enhancing the efficiency by up to 15.6%. Similar to a catalyst lowing activation energy and enhancing kinetics of a chemical reaction, the EEF enhances water state tuning, lowers evaporation enthalpy, and then boosts steam generation rate with negligible additional energy consumption, which can serve as a generic method for water evaporation enhancement in water harvesting, purification, and beyond.
Osmium‐ and Cobalt‐Terpyridine‐Based Electrochromic Devices for “Smart” Signage Application: The Effect of Lighting on Color Perception
Authors: Laschuk Nadia O. , Ebralidze Iraklii I. , Easton E. Bradley , Zenkina Olena V. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractModern electrochromic devices (ECDs) have found a wide range of applications, which are not limited to the traditional design of “smart” windows and self‐dimming mirrors. Novel cutting‐edge applications in optoelectronics and particularly in low‐energy displays and “smart” signage require electrochromic materials (ECMs) that demonstrate significant changes in optical density, fast switching times, and color differences between the colored and bleached states that are visible to the naked eye. Here ECMs that are designed by the chemical deposition of electrochromic Co(II) and Os(II) complexes and their mixture on surface‐enhanced support fabricated by screen printing of indium–tin oxide (ITO‐50) nanoparticles are presented on an ITO/glass substrate. The oxidation state of the metal complexes is reversibly addressed by voltage switching between −1 and +3 V. Further assembly of the ECMs and ITO/glass counter electrode using gel electrolyte results in solid‐state ECDs. The changes in optical properties of these ECDs induced by the metal oxidation state alteration are tracked by recording UV–vis spectra. Moreover, here color differences (CDs) and changes in luminance of ECDs (ΔL) in the colored and bleached state are compared when illuminated with light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) of different colors.
Bismuth Sulfide Strongly Coupled to Functionalized MWNTs Hybrids with Improved Thermoelectric Properties
Authors: Liao Yu , Liu Wenting , Jia Weiping , Wang Bo , Chen Ling , Huang Ke , Montgomery Matthew J. , Qian Jun , Lv Song , Pfefferle Lisa D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe efficiency of thermoelectric (TE) materials depends on an interplay between various material properties, and strategies for co‐optimizing these properties will be necessary for implementing these materials in the future. In this work, bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) and acid treated multiwalled carbon nanotube (f‐MWNT) composites are fabricated by wet chemical synthesis at room temperature. Bi2S3 is intimately anchored onto the surface of the f‐MWNT to form a coaxial nanostructure. The power factor of the composite is enhanced relative to both the pure Bi2S3 and MWNTs, due to a large enhancement of the electrical conductivity. The enhanced conductivity is attributed to restructuring of the bismuth (Bi) and oxygen (O) bonding environments when Bi2S3 is chemically interfaced with the f‐MWNTs, suggestive of the formation of a strongly coupled complex via BiO/BiS bonds. Strong‐coupling is further supported by scanning transmission electron microscopy, Raman, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, which reveal fast charge‐transfer between the Bi2S3 and MWNT when interfaced together. These results support material compositing as a potential strategy for engineering enhanced TE materials.
How will regulation influence commercial viability of autonomous equipment in US production agriculture?
Authors: Shockley Jordan , Dillon Carl , Lowenberg‐DeBoer James , Mark Tyler 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAutonomous equipment for crop production is on the brink of commercialization in the United States but federal, state, and local policies could affect commercial viability and hinder adoption. This article examines the farm‐level implications of both a speed restriction and on‐site supervisory regulations. The rules reduce the profitability of autonomous machinery, and for some scenarios autonomous machines are no longer an economically viable alternative to conventional machinery. Regulations also increase the optimal number autonomous machines required and influence production practices. Smaller farms have more flexibility in supporting the rules because they have more to gain from the use of autonomous equipment.
Erythroferrone and hepcidin as mediators between erythropoiesis and iron metabolism during allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant
Authors: Pirotte Michelle , Fillet Marianne , Seidel Laurence , Jaspers Aurélie , Baron Fréderic , Beguin Yves 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) brings important alterations in erythropoiesis and iron metabolism. Hepcidin, which regulates iron metabolism, increases in iron overload or inflammation and decreases with iron deficiency or activated erythropoiesis. Erythroferrone (ERFE) is the erythroid regulator of hepcidin. We investigated erythropoiesis and iron metabolism after allogeneic HCT in 70 patients randomized between erythropoietin (EPO) treatment or no EPO, by serially measuring hepcidin, ERFE, CRP (inflammation), soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR, erythropoiesis), serum iron and transferrin saturation (Tsat; iron for erythropoiesis) and ferritin (iron stores). We identified biological and clinical factors associated with serum hepcidin and ERFE levels. Serum ERFE correlated overall with sTfR and reticulocytes and inversely with hepcidin. Erythroferrone paralleled sTfR levels, dropping during conditioning and recovering with engraftment. Inversely, hepcidin peaked after conditioning and decreased during engraftment. Erythroferrone and hepcidin were not significantly different with or without EPO. Multivariate analyses showed that the major determinant of ERFE was erythropoiesis (sTfR, reticulocytes or serum Epo). Pretransplant hepcidin was associated with previous RBC transfusions and ferritin. After transplantation, the major determinants of hepcidin were iron status (ferritin at all time points and Tsat at day 56) and erythropoiesis (sTfR or reticulocytes or ERFE), while the impact of inflammation was less clear and clinical parameters had no detectable influence. Hepcidin remained significantly higher in patients with high compared to low pretransplant ferritin. After allogeneic HCT with or without EPO therapy, significant alterations of hepcidin occur between pretransplant and day 180, in correlation with iron status and inversely with erythroid ERFE.
Characterizing plasma NfL in a community‐dwelling multi‐ethnic cohort: Results from the HABLE study
Authors: O'Bryant Sid , Petersen Melissa , Hall James , Johnson Leigh , Yaffe Kristine , Braskie Meredith , Toga Arthur W. , Rissman Robert A. ,   for the HABLE study team
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionNo large‐scale characterizations of neurofilament light chain (NfL) have been conducted in diverse populations.MethodsBaseline data were analyzed among n = 890 Mexican Americans and n = 813 non‐Hispanic Whites from the multi‐ethnic Health & Aging Brain among Latino Elders (HABLE) study. Plasma NfL was measured on the Simoa platform.ResultsIn unadjusted models, NfL was significantly associated with age (P < .001), hypertension (P < .001), dyslipidemia (P = .02), and diabetes (P < .001). Covarying for age and sex, NfL was associated with neurodegeneration (P < .001) and global amyloid burden levels (P = .02) in a subset with available data. NfL levels were significantly associated with diagnostic groups (Normal Cognition [NC], mild cognitive impairment [MCI], Dementia; P < .001); however, there was no cut‐score that yielded acceptable diagnostic accuracy. NfL levels produced a sensitivity of 0.60 and specificity of 0.78 with negative predictive value of 89% for detecting amyloid positivity.DiscussionPlasma NfL levels are significantly impacted by age and medical co‐morbidities that are common among older adults, which complicate its utility as a diagnostic biomarker
Protective association of the ε2/ε3 heterozygote with Alzheimer's disease is strengthened by TOMM40–APOE variants in men
Authors: Kulminski Alexander M. , Philipp Ian , Loika Yury , He Liang , Culminskaya Irina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionDespite advances, understanding the protective role of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε2 allele in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains elusive.MethodsWe examined associations of variants comprised of the TOMM40 rs8106922 and APOE rs405509, rs440446, and ε2‐encoding rs7412 polymorphisms with AD in a sample of 2862 AD‐affected and 169,516 AD‐unaffected non‐carriers of the ε4 allele.ResultsAssociation of the ε2/ε3 heterozygote of men with AD is 38% (P = 1.65 × 10−2) more beneficial when it is accompanied by rs8106922 major allele homozygote and rs405509 and rs440446 heterozygotes than by rs8106922 heterozygote and rs405509 and rs440446 major allele homozygotes. No difference in the beneficial associations of these two most common ε2/ε3‐bearing variants with AD was identified in women. The role of ε2/ε3 heterozygote may be affected by different immunomodulation functions of rs8106922, rs405509, and rs440446 variants in a sex‐specific manner.DiscussionCombination of TOMM40 and APOE variants defines a more homogeneous AD‐protective ε2/ε3‐bearing profile in men.
Genetic risk, adherence to a healthy lifestyle, and cognitive decline in African Americans and European Americans
Authors: Dhana Klodian , Barnes Lisa L. , Liu Xiaoran , Agarwal Puja , Desai Pankaja , Krueger Kristin R. , Holland Thomas M. , Halloway Shannon , Aggarwal Neelum T. , Evans Denis A. , Rajan Kumar B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionWe investigated the role of genetic risk and adherence to lifestyle factors on cognitive decline in African Americans and European Americans.MethodsUsing data from the Chicago Health and Aging Project (1993–2012; n = 3874), we defined the genetic risk based on presence of apolipoprotein E (APOE) allele and determined a healthy lifestyle using a scoring of five factors: non‐smoking, exercising, being cognitively active, having a high‐quality diet, and limiting alcohol use. We used linear mixed‐effects models to estimate cognitive decline by genetic risk and lifestyle score.ResultsAPOE allele was associated with faster cognitive decline in both races. However, within APOE carriers, adherence to a healthy lifestyle (eg., 4 to 5 healthy factors) was associated with a slower cognitive decline by 0.023 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.004, 0.042) units/year in African Americans and 0.044 (95% CI 0.008, 0.080) units/year in European Americans.DiscussionA healthy lifestyle was associated with a slower cognitive decline in African and European Americans.
Heat Transfer and Entanglement–Non‐Equilibrium Correlation Spectra of Two Quantum Oscillators
Authors: Henkel Carsten 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe non‐equilibrium state of two oscillators with a mutual interaction and coupled to separate heat baths is discussed. Bosonic baths are considered, and an exact spectral representation for the elements of the covariance matrix is provided analytically. A wide class of spectral densities for the relevant bath modes is allowed for. The validity of the fluctuation‐dissipation relation is established for global equilibrium (both baths at the same temperature) in the stationary state. Spectral measures of entanglement are suggested by comparing to the equilibrium spectrum of zero‐point fluctuations. No rotating‐wave approximation is applied, and anomalous heat transport from cold to hot bath, as reported in earlier work, is demonstrated not to occur.
Regio‐ and Stereoselective 1,2‐Carboboration of Ynamides with Aryldichloroboranes
Authors: You Cai , Sakai Mika , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Bergander Klaus , Yamaguchi Shigehiro , Studer Armido 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCatalyst‐free 1,2‐carboboration of ynamides is presented. Readily available aryldichloroboranes react with alkyl‐ or aryl‐substituted ynamides in high yields with complete regio‐ and stereoselectivity to valuable β‐boryl‐β‐alkyl/aryl α‐aryl substituted enamides which belong to the class of trisubstituted alkenylboronates. The 1,2‐carboboration reaction is experimentally easy to conduct, shows high functional group tolerance and broad substrate scope. Gram‐scale reactions and diverse synthetic transformations convincingly demonstrate the synthetic potential of this method. The reaction can also be used to access 1‐boraphenalenes, a class of boron‐doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Spectroscopic Characterization of a Reactive [Cu2(μ‐OH)2]2+ Intermediate in Cu/TEMPO Catalyzed Aerobic Alcohol Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Warm Katrin , Tripodi Guilherme , Andris Erik , Mebs Stefan , Kuhlmann Uwe , Dau Holger , Hildebrandt Peter , Roithová Jana , Ray Kallol 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCuI/TEMPO (TEMPO=2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyloxyl) catalyst systems are versatile catalysts for aerobic alcohol oxidation reactions to selectively yield aldehydes. However, several aspects of the mechanism are yet unresolved, mainly because of the lack of identification of any reactive intermediates. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a dinuclear [L12Cu2]2+ complex 1, which in presence of TEMPO can couple the catalytic 4 H+/4 e− reduction of O2 to water to the oxidation of benzylic and aliphatic alcohols. The mechanisms of the O2‐reduction and alcohol oxidation reactions have been clarified by the spectroscopic detection of the reactive intermediates in the gas and condensed phases, as well as by kinetic studies on each step in the catalytic cycles. Bis(μ‐oxo)dicopper(III) (2) and bis(μ‐hydroxo)dicopper(II) species 3 are shown as viable reactants in oxidation catalysis. The present study provides deep mechanistic insight into the aerobic oxidation of alcohols that should serve as a valuable foundation for ongoing efforts dedicated towards the understanding of transition‐metal catalysts involving redox‐active organic cocatalysts.
Effects of baffle on cycle‐to‐cycle variation in stirred vessel driven by paddle turbine using quadruple proper orthogonal decomposition
Authors: Fan Ying , Sun Jiao , Jin Jie , Gao Tianda , Zhang Hui , Chen Wenyi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe flow of stirring process is complex and multiscale. To analyze the effects of baffle on the flow characteristics driven by paddle turbine, particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiments were performed for the unbaffled stirred vessel and the standard baffled stirred vessel stirred by the single paddle turbine. Under the baffle arrangement, the flow discharge was strengthened, and the range of high‐velocity region was obviously expanded, and the velocity significantly fluctuated near the blade. The swirling intensity behind the blade decreased significantly, and no significant wake structure was formed, thereby helping reduce the local velocity difference attributed to the wake structure and facilitate the uniform mixing of materials. The instantaneous velocity field was decomposed into four parts at different scales by employing quadruple Proper Orthogonal Decomposition method. The quantitative analysis of different scale flow structures in stirred process was realized. Under the baffle arrangement, the flow process was facilitated in the measurement plane. In addition, the fluctuation velocity increased significantly, and the mass transfer was enhanced by vortex motion of the fluid elements, which was conducive to the uniform mixing of materials.
Enhanced CO2 separation performance of mixed matrix membrane by incorporating amine‐functionalized silica filler
Authors: Barooah Mridusmita , Mandal Bishnupada , Su Baowei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMixed matrix membranes (MMMs) owing to the tunable characteristics and functionalization ability can effectively substitute the highly intensive conventional membranes for industrial‐scale CO2 separation. Further, to strengthen the interfacial polymer‐filler interaction, an interfacial design strategy incorporating active functional groups in the filler surface can be demonstrated. In this study, as‐synthesized silica nanoparticles (SNPs) was surface functionalized by (3‐aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane silica modifier (AFSNP). The CO2 separation of poly (vinyl alcohol)/polyethylene glycol based MMM infused with surface‐functionalized SNP (AFSNP) was conducted. The comparative study highlighted in‐depth analysis of intrinsic physicochemical properties of as‐synthesized membranes and nanoparticles. Detailed characterization such as advanced microscopic analysis, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis and ninhydrin assay validated the successful grafting of amino groups onto the silica surface. The morphological inspection corroborated the consistent dispersion ability of the nanoparticles in the membrane matrix. The effect of the operating conditions on the membrane selectivity and CO2 permeance were statistically analyzed by ANOVA. The CO2 permeation result (CO2 permeance and CO2/N2 selectivity) exhibited many fold increment with surface functionalization of SNPs compared to undoped silica MMM. The defect‐free, performance‐oriented CO2‐selective membrane thus opened up the possibility of this combination as a prospective contender for large‐scale carbon capture studies.
Alligator appendicular architecture across an ontogenetic niche shift
Authors: Hedrick Brandon P. , Schachner Emma R. , Dodson Peter 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA variety of species undergo ontogenetic niche shifts in either diet, habitat, or both. As a result, multiple ontogenetic stages are able to take advantage of different resources and live in sympatry without competing with one another. The American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) begins to undergo an ontogenetic niche shift in both diet and habitat at a length of 1.2 m. They transition from a terrestrial wetland environment to a riverine environment and take advantage of different dietary resources. At 1.8 m, A. mississippiensis reaches sexual maturity. Ontogenetic shifts in habitat have the capacity to alter morphology, especially limb morphology, as different age classes traverse different ecological systems. We evaluated shape trends in the scapulae, humeri, ilia, and femora using geometric morphometrics to test whether there were punctuated changes in limb shape, shape disparity, and integration corresponding to either the ontogenetic habitat shift or onset of sexual maturity. We found size to strongly correlate with limb shape but found a continuous size gradient rather than punctuated changes in size. Furthermore, we found that adults (total length > 1.8 m) had significantly higher limb shape disparity than juveniles or subadults, likely related to ontogenetic decreases in limb use and a reduction in limb constraints. Finally, we found that the forelimb and hindlimb acted as a single integrated unit and that neither the forelimb nor hindlimb was significantly more integrated than the other. Therefore, the ontogenetic niche shift itself did not impact limb morphology in A. mississippiensis.
Einsatz der Staffelanker BBV‐multibond im Düsseldorfer Baugrund
Authors: Lammertz Patrick , Stahl Michael , Seidl Dirk , Kindel Frederik , Escher Markus 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn Düsseldorf erfolgt in unmittelbarer Rheinnähe der Bau eines ca. 20 m × 36 m großen Regenklär‐/Regenrückhaltebeckens, das rd. 13 m tief in den Baugrund einbindet. Der Baugrund im Bereich des Baufelds besteht aus fluviatilen Sanden und Kiesen, die von marinen Feinsanden unterlagert werden. Das Grundwasser bewegt sich innerhalb der stark wasserdurchlässigen Sande und Kiese und weist Schwankungen in Abhängigkeit vom Rheinwasserstand von bis zu 8 m auf. Zur Stützung der technisch wasserdichten, 80 cm dicken Schlitzwand wurden erstmals im Düsseldorfer Baugrund Staffelanker BBV‐multibond eingesetzt. Durch den Einsatz der patentierten Multibond‐Anker konnte nicht nur die Gesamtanzahl der Anker, sondern auch die im Zuge des Ausschreibungsentwurfs vorgesehenen zwei bis vier Ankerlagen auf eine Ankerlage oberhalb des bauzeitlichen Grundwasserstands reduziert werden. Zur Schaffung belastbarer Planungsgrundlagen und zum Nachweis der Tragfähigkeit der Multibond‐Anker wurden im Zuge der Baumaßnahme umfangreiche Eignungsprüfungen durchgeführt.
Der Dükerbau in der offenen Bauweise am Beispiel Rheindüker Zeelink zwischen Wallach und Ork
Authors: Groß Thomas , Cattelaens Jörg 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEs wird über die Verlegung in offener Dükerbauweise gegenüber anderen Methoden des Dükerbaus berichtet. Die technischen Möglichkeiten und Vorteile gegenüber grabenlosen Verfahren werden erläutert. Als Beispiel hierzu dient der Bau des Dükers durch den Rhein zwischen den Orten Wallach und Ork im Rahmen der Zeelink‐Leitung.
Personalized health and the coronavirus vaccines—Do individual genetics matter?
Authors: Valdés‐Fernández Bianca N. , Duconge Jorge , Espino Ana M. , Ruaño Gualberto 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVaccines represent preventative interventions amenable to immunogenetic prediction of how human variability will influence their safety and efficacy. The genetic polymorphism among individuals within any population can render possible that the immunity elicited by a vaccine is variable in length and strength. The same immune challenge (virus and/or vaccine) could provoke partial, complete or even failed protection for some individuals treated under the same conditions. We review genetic variants and mechanistic relationships among chemokines, chemokine receptors, interleukins, interferons, interferon receptors, toll‐like receptors, histocompatibility antigens, various immunoglobulins and major histocompatibility complex antigens. These are the targets for variation among macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, T‐ and B‐lymphocytes, and complement. The technology platforms (mRNA, viral vectors, proteins) utilized to produce vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2 infections may each trigger genetically distinct immune reactogenic profiles. With DNA biobanking and immunoprofiling of recipients, global COVID‐19 vaccinations could launch a new era of personalized healthcare.