bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the dynamic effect of the electrical interconnection on the stability of the rotor angle for synchronous generators in the electric power system of Syria
Authors: Alzakkar A. , Mestnikov N. P. , Alhajj Hassan F. , Valeev I. M. 
Published: October 2021

This article focuses on the study and analysis of the importance of interconnections between electricity systems, which increases with greater probability due to the dependence of all countries and States on electricity and the ease of its transfer between countries in order to supplement their economic and technical benefits. THE PURPOSE. This study analyzes the dynamic impact of interconnection on circuit stability for synchronous generators in Syrian power grids. In addition, the authors of the article analyzed the dynamic effect of interaction on the stability of the angle of rotation of the rotor of synchronous generators operated in the Syrian power system through the use of dynamic modeling of the country's power system. METHODS. In the course of the study, the authors used a technique based on the dynamic representation of the power system and the construction of its nonlinear equations, followed by the use of the PSS ® E program. 230-400 kV.RESULTS. The authors of the article obtained a solution and determination of the system parameters and the separation time of the boundaries of three-phase short circuits in a 400 kV network in addition to determining the angular position of the generator circuits, and thus, its stability was checked, regardless of whether it works independently in the electric power system of Syria or is part of a network. CONCLUSION. In the course of the study, the authors obtained the following conclusions, such as: an increase in CFCT was found for generating units in the power system of Syria due to connection activation, an increase in transmitted power, which leads to an increase in the stabilization zone after a failure and before the start of connecting electrical systems to the country's power system, as well as it is necessary to conduct in-depth dynamic studies of the entire system in order to represent the effect of the connection on the parameters of the system, taking into account the increase in power.
Methods of ensuring the operational stability of dc-dc power supply in arctic conditions
Authors: Shpenst V. A. , Orel E. A. 
Published: October 2021

THEPURPOSE.To consider the features of development and exploitation of DC-DC power supplies for Arctic conditions, to show the key problems and existing methods of solving them, to identify prospective directions in the design of this type of devices.METODS.Theworkismainlyanover-viewwiththequestionsofconstruction,circuitdesign,controlprinciples,maintainingthermalequilibrium,choosingofelectricelementsandminiaturization.Thefirstpartofthearticleisdevotedtothereviewofscientificpublicationsandpatents,in the second part the idea of using a parallel architecture in frost-resistant power supplies is considered, giving an opportunity to adapt modular principle of device construction.RESULTS.Thearticleexaminestheissuesofadaptingthemodularapproachtothespecificsoffrost-resistantpowersupplies.Inthiswayyoucanbuilda self-healing, configurable, easy-to-repair power supply of wide application. With modular construction principle the entire electrical complex consists of parallel-connected cells, placed in one hermetic and heated case (a case with connectors on the surface, as well as the control and display units).CONCLUSION. Parallelconnectionofthecellsallowstoprovidea significant power reserve in the power supply, to perform a quick replacement of faulty modules without interrupting the power supply process, to increase/reduce the system power easily by changing the number of working cells. The system acquires special advantages, if the output voltage levels of the cells are adjustable. In this case, it is possible to build a universal configurable power supply of wide application,whichisa novelty on the market. If you group the cells on the output, you can use one power supply for several different consumers. The spare parts for the power supply are as simple as possible and consists of ready-made cells and connecting wires. The obtained results can be used in development of fault-tolerant secondary DC-DC power supplies for hard operating conditions.
lex artis como estándar de la práctica clínica
Authors: Seoane Rodríguez José Antonio 
Published: October 2021

Este artículo explica los criterios que guían el ejercicio profesional. En concreto, qué significa y cómo funciona la lex artis, como la expresión jurídica de la buena práctica médica.
Tras una introducción justificativa, ordeno las normas legales, jurisprudenciales y deontológicas de la lex artis para mostrar la transformación contemporánea de la relación clínica en dos sentidos: el equilibrio entre la libertad profesional y la autonomía y los derechos de los pacientes, y por otro lado la combinación de los aspectos científicos y técnicos con los elementos éticos, jurídicos y deontológicos.
Este contexto normativo da paso a la tesis central: la lex artis es un estándar, esto es, un tipo de norma que no exige un resultado ni indica qué se debe hacer, sino que prescribe cómo debería actuar el profesional: un ejercicio diligente, prudente y razonable que ha definirse en cada caso y en cada paciente.
Por consiguiente, la lex artis es un saber cómo, que ratifica que el ejercicio profesional y el razonamiento médico siguen siendo ejemplos de sabiduría práctica.
СТАНОВЛЕНИЕ И РАЗВИТИЕ ИСКУССТВА ГРАФИКИ И ГРАФИЧЕСКОГО ДИЗАЙНА В АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНЕ В КОНЦЕ 19 – НАЧАЛЕ 20 ВЕКОВ
Authors: Ашурли С. Р.  
Published: October 2021

This article is devoted to the art of graphics in Azerbaijan of the late 19th – early 20th centuries. It tell about the distinctive features of this type of fine art, the techniques of performance, directions, as well as correlation with graphic design. It tells in detail about the pre-revolutionary poster in Azerbaijan, its function, style decisions, social significance, as well as the traditions of this genre. Much attention is paid to the satirical graphics, its founders A. Azimzadeh, J. Mamedkulizadeh, O. Shmerling, I. Rotte and others, who published their works in the pages of “Molla Nasreddin”.
Aplikasi Pupuk Organik Cair Berbahan Baku Urin Ternak Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.)
Authors: Rosyadi Imron , Karmanah Karmanah , Sargo Sugiarto 
Published: October 2021

Abstrak Pupuk organik bentuk cair berbahan urin dari ternak adalah salah satu alternatif pupuk ramah lingkungan yang dapat meningkatkan produksi dan pertumbuhan pakcoy. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, peneliti terdorong melaksanakan kajian dengan tujuan mengetahui dampak pemberian pupuk organik cair berbahan urin ternak terhadap perkembangan tumbuhan pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.). Percobaan lima perlakuan memakai Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang merupakan pemberian tipe pupuk organik cair hasil ternak urin kambing, urin sapi dan urin kelinci, pupuk kimia AB Mix sebagai pembanding dan tanpa pemupukan (kontrol). Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap tinggi tanaman, kuantitas daun, berat kering dan berat basah panen. Data dianalisis menggunakan software SPSS serta diuji Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil kajian yaitu pada semua pupuk organik cair terjadi peningkatan kandungan unsur P, penurunan unsur K dan pH setelah difermentasi pH berkisar 6,85–8,45 dan sesuai dengan peraturan Menteri Pertanian No. 70/Permentan/SR.140/10/2011 tentang pupuk organik, pupuk hayati, dan pembenah tanah. Pupuk organik cair berbahan urin ternak mampu meningkatkan jumlah daun dan tinggi tanaman pakcoy yang secara sig nifikan berbeda dibandingkan pupuk kimia. Aplikasi pupuk organik cair urin kambing menghasilkan berat kering dan berat basah panen pakcoy yang serupa dengan pupuk kimia. AbstractLiquid organic fertilizer made from urine from livestock is an alternative to environmentally friendly fertilizers that can increase pakcoy production and growth. Based on this, researchers are interested in conducting research to determine the effect of liquid organic fertilizer made from livestock urine on the growth of pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.). The experiment was carried out with five treatments using a completely randomized design (CRD), namely the application of liquid organic fertilizer from goat urine, cow urine and rabbit urine, chemical fertilizer AB Mix as a comparison, and without fertilization (control). Observations were made on plant height, a number of leaves, dry weight and wet weight of harvest. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and further tested with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results of the study were that in all liquid organic fertilizers there was an increase in the content of P elements, a decrease in K elements, and pH after fermentation. 70/Permentan/SR.140/10/2011 concerning organic fertilizers, biological fertilizers, and soil enhancers. Liquid organic fertilizer made from livestock urine is able to increase the number of leaves and plant height of pakcoy which is significantly different from chemical fertilizers. The application of goat urine liquid organic fertilizer resulted in the same dry weight and wet weight of pakcoy harvest as chemical fertilizers.
Establishment of a Pre-vascularized 3D Lung Cancer Model in Fibrin Gel—Influence of Hypoxia and Cancer-Specific Therapeutics
Authors: Kniebs Caroline , Luengen Anja Elisabeth , Guenther Daniel , Cornelissen Christian Gabriel , Schmitz-Rode Thomas , Jockenhoevel Stefan , Thiebes Anja Lena 
Published: October 2021

Lung cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide and the one that causes the highest mortality. In order to understand the disease and to develop new treatments, in vitro human lung cancer model systems which imitate the physiological conditions is of high significance. In this study, a human 3D lung cancer model was established that features the organization of a tumor with focus on tumor angiogenesis. Vascular networks were formed by co-culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASC) for 14 days in fibrin. A part of the pre-vascularized fibrin gel was replaced by fibrin gel containing lung cancer cells (A549) to form tri-cultures. This 3D cancer model system was cultured under different culture conditions and its behaviour after treatment with different concentrations of tumor-specific therapeutics was evaluated. The evaluation was performed by measurement of metabolic activity, viability, quantification of two-photon laser scanning microscopy and measurement of the proangiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor in the supernatant. Hypoxic conditions promoted vascularization compared to normoxic cultured controls in co- and tri-cultures as shown by significantly increased vascular structures, longer structures with a higher area and volume, and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor. Cancer cells also promoted vascularization. Treatment with 50 µM gefitinib or 50 nM paclitaxel decreased the vascularization significantly. VEGF secretion was only reduced after treatment with gefitinib, while in contrast secretion remained constant during medication with paclitaxel. The findings suggest that the herein described 3D lung cancer model provides a novel platform to investigate the angiogenic potential of cancer cells and its responses to therapeutics. Thus, it can serve as a promising approach for the development and patient-specific pre-selection of anticancer treatment.
Higher Blood Lead Level Is Associated With Increased Likelihood of Abdominal Aortic Calcification
Authors: Qin Zheng , Li Hancong , Xu Yingfei , Li Jiameng , Su Baihai , Liao Ruoxi 
Published: October 2021

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the association between blood lead level (BLL) and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) in US adults aged ≥40 years.Methods: We obtained data from 2013 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants missing the data of BLL and AAC scores were excluded. BLL was measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry directly. AAC scores were quantified by Kauppila score system, and severe AAC was defined as AAC score &gt;6. Weighted multivariable regression analysis and subgroup analysis were conducted to explore the independent relationship between BLL with AAC score and severe AAC.Results: A total of 1,530 participants were included with the mean BLL of 1.45 ± 1.31 ng/dl and mean AAC score of 1.40 ± 3.13. The prevalence of severe AAC was 7.98% overall, and participants in higher BLL quartile showed higher prevalence of severe AAC (Quartile 1: 3.55%, Quartile 2: 7.28%, Quartile 3: 9.88%, Quartile 4: 12.58%, P &lt; 0.0001). BLL was positively associated with higher AAC score (β = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.27, P = 0.021) and increased risk of severe AAC (OR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.00–1.22; P = 0.047). Subgroup analysis and interaction test indicated that the association between BLL and AAC was similar in different population settings.Conclusions: Higher BLL was associated with higher AAC score and increased risk of severe AAC. Lead burden should be considered for people with AAC in clinical settings.
Effects of Anti-Diabetic Drugs on Fracture Risk: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Yu-Sheng , Zheng Yan-Dan , Yuan Yan , Chen Shi-Chun , Xie Bao-Cheng 
Published: October 2021

PurposeAvailable data on the effects of anti-diabetic drugs on fracture risk are contradictory. Therefore, our study aimed to analyze all available data on the effects of anti-diabetic drugs on fracture risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.MethodsEmbase, Medline, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched for relevant trials. All data analyses were performed with STATA (12.0) and R language (3.6.0). Risk ratio (RR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated by combining data for the fracture effects of anti-diabetic drugs, including sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, meglitinides, α-glucosidase inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, biguanides, insulin, and sulfonylureas.ResultsOne hundred seventeen eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 221,364 participants were included in this study. Compared with placebo, trelagliptin (RR 3.51; 1.58–13.70) increased the risk of fracture, whereas albiglutide (RR 0.29; 0.04–0.93) and voglibose (RR 0.03; 0–0.11) decreased the risk of fracture. Other medications were comparable in terms of their effects on fracture risk, and no statistical significance was observed. In terms of fractures, voglibose (0.01%) may be the safest option, and trelagliptin (13.64%) may be the worst. Sensitivity analysis results were consistent with those of the main analysis. No statistically significant differences were observed in the regression coefficients of age (1.03; 0.32–2.1), follow-up duration (0.79; 0.27–1.64), and sex distribution (0.63; 0.15–1.56).ConclusionsWe found varied results on the association between the use of anti-diabetic drugs and fracture risk. Specifically, trelagliptin raised the risk of fracture, whereas voglibose and albiglutide showed benefit with statistical difference. Other drugs were comparable in terms of their effects on fracture risk. Some drugs (omarigliptin, sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, empagliflozin, ertugliflozin, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, and nateglinide) may increase the risk of fracture, while others (such as dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide, lixisenatide, linagliptin, alogliptin, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, glipizide, gliclazide, glibenclamide, glimepiride, metformin, and insulin) may show benefits. The risk of fracture was independent of age, sex distribution, and the duration of exposure to anti-diabetic drugs. When developing individualized treatment strategies, the clinical efficacy of anti-diabetic drugs must be weighed against their benefits and risks brought about by individual differences of patients.Systematic Review RegistrationThis Systematic Review was prospectively registered on the PROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, registration number CRD42020189464).
Knowledge Mapping in Electricity Demand Forecasting: A Scientometric Insight
Authors: Yang Dongchuan , Guo Ju-e , Li Jie , Wang Shouyang , Sun Shaolong 
Published: October 2021

Electricity demand forecasting plays a fundamental role in the operation and planning procedures of power systems, and the publications related to electricity demand forecasting have attracted more and more attention in the past few years. To have a better understanding of the knowledge structure in the field of electricity demand forecasting, we applied scientometric methods to analyze the current state and the emerging trends based on the 831 publications from the Web of Science Core Collection during the past 20 years (1999–2018). Employing statistical description analysis, cooperative network analysis, keyword co-occurrence analysis, co-citation analysis, cluster analysis, and emerging trend analysis techniques, this study gives a comprehensive overview of the most critical countries, institutions, journals, authors, and publications in this field, cooperative networks relationships, research hotspots, and emerging trends. The results can provide meaningful guidance and helpful insights for researchers to enhance the understanding of crucial research, emerging trends, and new developments in electricity demand forecasting.
SOD1 Mutation Spectrum and Natural History of ALS Patients in a 15-Year Cohort in Southeastern China
Authors: Chen Lu-Xi , Xu Hai-Feng , Wang Pei-Shan , Yang Xin-Xia , Wu Zhi-Ying , Li Hong-Fu 
Published: October 2021

Background: Mutations in superoxide dismutase 1 gene (SOD1) are the most frequent high penetrant genetic cause for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in the Chinese population. A detailed natural history of SOD1-mutated ALS patients will provide key information for ongoing genetic clinical trials.Methods: We screened for SOD1 mutations using whole exome sequencing (WES) in Chinese ALS cases from 2017 to 2021. Functional studies were then performed to confirm the pathogenicity of novel variants. In addition, we enrolled previously reported SOD1 mutations in our centers from 2007 to 2017. The SOD1 mutation spectrum, age at onset (AAO), diagnostic delay, and survival duration were analyzed.Results: We found two novel SOD1 variants (p.G17H and p.E134*) that exerted both gain-of-function and loss-of-function effects in vitro. Combined with our previous SOD1-mutated patients, 32 probands with 21 SOD1 mutations were included with the four most frequently occurring mutations of p.V48A, p.H47R, p.C112Y, and p.G148D. SOD1 mutations account for 58.9% of familial ALS (FALS) cases. The mean (SD) AAO was 46 ± 11.4 years with a significant difference between patients carrying mutations in exon 1 [n = 5, 34.6 (12.4) years] and exon 2 [n = 8, 51.4 (8.2) years] (p = 0.038). The mean of the diagnostic delay of FALS patients is significantly earlier than the sporadic ALS (SALS) patients [9.5 (4.8) vs. 20.3 (9.3) years, p = 0.0026]. In addition, male patients survived longer than female patients (40 vs. 16 months, p = 0.05).Conclusion: Our results expanded the spectrum of SOD1 mutations, highlighted the mutation distribution, and summarized the natural history of SOD1-mutated patients in southeastern China. Male patients were found to have better survival, and FALS patients received an earlier diagnosis. Our findings assist in providing a detailed clinical picture, which is important for ongoing genetic clinical trials.
Physical Fitness Attenuates the Impact of Higher Body Mass and Adiposity on Inflammation in Women With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Sola-Rodríguez Sergio , Vargas-Hitos José Antonio , Gavilán-Carrera Blanca , Rosales-Castillo Antonio , Ríos-Fernández Raquel , Sabio José Mario , Soriano-Maldonado Alberto 
Published: October 2021

AimsHigher body mass and adiposity represent independent contributors to the systemic low-grade inflammatory state often observed in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study assessed the role of physical fitness in the association of body mass and adiposity with inflammation in women with SLE.MethodsA total of 77 women with SLE were included in this cross-sectional study. We obtained body mass index, waist-to-height ratio, and body fat percentage as indicators of body mass and adiposity. Inflammation was assessed through Serum levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, and leptin. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed with the 6-minute walk test, range of motion with the back-scratch test, and muscular strength with handgrip dynamometry.ResultsCardiorespiratory fitness attenuated the association of both body mass index and body fat percentage with interleukin 6 (all, P&lt;0.05). Range of motion attenuated the association of body mass index with interleukin 6 (P&lt;0.05) and the association of body fat percentage with C-reactive protein (P&lt;0.05). These interactions indicated that higher fitness was associated with a lower increase in inflammation per unit increase of body mass or adiposity. Muscular strength showed a non-significant trend to attenuate the association of body fat percentage with interleukin 6 (P=0.057) but potentiated the association of body fat percentage with leptin (P&lt;0.05).ConclusionThese findings suggest that higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and range of motion might attenuate the impact of higher body mass and adiposity on inflammation in women with SLE. The role of muscular strength requires further investigation.