bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kościoły bożogrobców w Małopolsce. Z badań nad patrociniami i relikwiami (XII–XVI w.)
Authors: Rajman Jerzy 
Published: May 2021

Autor przedstawia wyniki własnych badań źródłowych nad zagadnieniem obecności relikwii oraz wezwań występujących w kościołach zakonu bożogrobców, znajdujących się w średniowiecznej Małopolsce (na obszarze województw krakowskiego i sandomierskiego). W artykule zostały ujawnione ważne przekazy w kronice Samuela Nakielskiego. Pierwszy przekaz, znany w literaturze, dotyczy przywiezienia przez Jaksę ziemi z Jerozolimy. Drugi przekaz – o posiadaniu przez klasztor bożogrobców relikwii św. Krzyża – nie był dotychczas omawiany w literaturze. Autor stawia tezę o istnieniu w klasztorze miechowskim ważnych relikwii związanych z Męką Pańską. Analizie zostały poddane najważniejsze przekazy źródłowe o wezwaniach. Wskazano, że wezwanie główne kościoła miechowskiego przybrało pod koniec XIII wieku złożoną dedykację do Grobu Bożego, Ducha Świętego i N. Marii Panny. Wiele miejsca autor poświęcił również analizie wezwania kościoła w Żarnowcu, gdzie wystąpiły wezwania do obu świąt związanych z Krzyżem św., do Ducha Świętego, Grobu Pańskiego i N. Marii Panny. Omówione zostały także wezwania pozostałych 10 kościołów administrowanych przez bożogrobców. Autor przedstawił także bogate dane o wezwaniach ołtarzy i kaplic, które zachowały się w odniesieniu do kościoła w Miechowie i kościoła św. Jadwigi na Stradomiu. Wraz z informacjami o licznych relikwiach świętych powinny one stać się punktem wyjścia do dalszych badań.
Die deutsche Besatzungsmacht in Kongresspolen im 1. Weltkrieg und die polnische katholische Kirche
Authors: Stempin Arkadiusz 
Published: May 2021

Der Artikel versucht, die deutsche Besatzung im Kongresspolen in den Jahren 1914-18 zu bewerten, wobei sich das Augenmerk auf den agilen Verterter des Kaisers in Warschau, General Hans H. von Beseler, richtet. Eine Vorgehensweise, die ihre Berechtigung aus Beselers Schlüsselrolle in der Gestaltung der Polenpolitik bezieht. Im Fokus steht die Vorgehensweise der deutschen Besatzungsmacht gegenüber einer etablierten Kraft auf den polnischen Gebieten - der katholischen Kirche, allen voran ihrem prominentesten Vertreter, dem Warschauer Erzbischof Aleksander Kakowski, nachdem man in Berlin den Einfluss der katholischen Kirche in Polen als den "wichtigsten Faktor im Lande"eingestuft hat. Daher wird auch die Interdependenz erläutert, welche sich zwischen der katholischen Hierarchie und den Besatzungsbehörden herauskristalisiert hat. Der Schmusekurs der deutschen Besatzer mit der Kirche hingegen wird als Einsetzung von sanften und verkleideten Mitteln der Macht, um die Herrschaft über ein fremdes Land zu gewährleisten, verstanden.
Wspomnienia o Władysławie Studnickim (oprac. M. Zakrzewski)
Authors: Swianiewicz Stanisław 
Published: May 2021

Jesienią 1984 r. Jerzy Giedoryc wydał niemieckojęzyczny numer „Kultury”. Zawierał on artykuły polskich autorów takich jak m.in.: Konstanty Jeleński, Adam Michnik, Zdzisław Najder, Jan Józef Lipski, Jerzy Stempowski, Czesław Miłosz, Gustaw Herling-Grudziński oraz Stanisław Swianiewicz. Zestaw znanych nazwisk silnie podkreślał chęć przedstawienia czytelnikowi niemieckojęzycznemu najwybitniejszych autorów mniej lub bardziej związanych z Instytutem Literackim. Prezentowane teksty nie tylko traktowały o zagadnieniu relacji polsko-niemieckich, ale też były swoistą promocją tego czym jest „Kultura” w kręgu niemieckim. Jeden z tekstów autorstwa Swianiewicza był poświęcony postaci Władysława Studnickiego – najważniejszego przedstawiciela orientacji proniemieckiej w latach I wojny światowej i II Rzeczpospolitej. Tekst nigdy nie wyszedł w języku polskim. Dzięki życzliwości Instytutu Literackiego w Masoin Laffite na łamach pisma Folia Historica Cracoviensa ukazuje się polski pierwowzór opublikowanego niemieckiego tłumaczenia. A jest to tekst wyjątkowy. Swianiewicz nie tylko znakomicie przedstawia najważniejsze elementy doktryny Studnickiego, nie tylko wnikliwie przedstawia społeczne tło jego poglądów, ale przytacza szereg osobistych wspomnień odnośnie tej postaci. Dzięki Swianiewiczowi nie tylko poznajemy koncepcje czołowego polskiego „germanofila”, ale przede wszystkim odczujemy ją poprzez wnikliwą i miejscami zaskakująca interpretację autora.
Impediti Bishops of the Vilnius Diocese in the Russian Empire Period: A Case of Bishop Adam Stanisław Krasiński
Authors: Prašmantaitė Aldona 
Published: May 2021

Following the partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Vilnius diocese, together with the Samogitian diocese, found itself under the direct supervision of the Russian Empire. It was the intention of lay authorities that the Catholic Church should be governed according to the same principles as the Orthodox Church, which enjoyed the status of the national church in the Russian Empire. Disobedience frequently became a pretext to remove the disloyal hierarch from power over the diocese. This phenomenon became a real plague in the Vilnius diocese. Under the pretext of disloyalty, lay authorities prevented three bishops ordinary of the Vilnius diocese: Adam Stanisław Krasiński (1863), Karol Hryniewiecki (1885), Eduard von Ropp (1907) from performing their duties, exiling the hierarchs. Based on the literature of the subject and analysis of sources, the article presents the history of the removal of Bishop Krasiński from the episcopal throne. His stance during the January Uprising was a pretext to remove the bishop from the Vilnius diocese. The analysis led to the conclusion that Bishop Krasiński’s stance towards the uprising was in accordance with the statement of the Holy See. However, faced with the requirements of the Russian officials, he did not relent and refused to issue a public circular condemning the uprising. Bishop Krasiński was alien to servile obedience towards imperial authorities. The exile to Vyatka (called Kirov since 1934) in inland Russia was he price he paid for his personal dignity and the dignity of his office of the bishop of the Roman Catholic diocese. Bishop Krasiński was released from his exile in 1883. However, the analysis does not confirm the currently prevalent view that he resigned from his office of his own initiative. It was determined that the idea of Krasiński’s letter to the Pope with the request to accept the bishop’s resignation from the office of the head of the Vilnius diocese originated in the Ministry of Internal Affairs in 1877. The Russian government adeptly used the case of the exiled bishop in their negotiations with the Holy See. The fate of the Vilnius bishop was sealed in one of the articles of a preliminary agreement from 1880 between the Russian Empire and the Holy See. Bishop Krasiński’s dismissal from the office of the head of the Vilnius diocese and his exile was in line with the policy of the Russian government towards the Roman Catholic Church.
Human Resource Management in the Nigerian Construction Firms: Practices and Challenges
Authors: Ameh Oko John , Daniel Emmanuel Itodo 
Published: May 2021

Improvement of human resource management is critical to overall productivity and cost effectiveness in the construction industry. This study assesses the current human resource management practices in the Nigeria construction organisation and the challenges confronting it. Questionnaire survey was adopted using purposive sampling technique. Ninety eight human resource managers and construction professionals in two categories of construction organisations (client organisations involved in real estate development and contractor organisations) were sampled. The results reveal that prevailing recruitment practices are placement of the right staff in the right department for the achievement of company general goals, and screening of candidates for vacant positions. Most common training and development practices involve inducting, orienting and training newly recruited employee on software and use of tools, and assigning staff based on their skill and expertise.Provision of appropriate/modern working tools and equipment and provision of incentives and benefits to staff are prevailing motivation and labour union practices. The study further identified:competition for global mobile talents, labour turnover, recruiting the right person for a specific position, wages and compensation as some of the challenges facing HRM practice in Nigeria.The study concludes that recruitment and selection practices in the construction organisation are distinctly different from those of the manufacturing and banking industry and it centres on selection of skilled and technically competent personnel for organisation’s general goal. The study recommends that future study should assess the impact of the identified human resource practices on productivity and project performance.
TEMPORAL RESOLUTION OF INDIVIDUALS
WITH VARYING DEGREES OF ACCEPTABLE
NOISE LEVEL
Authors: Ghosh Vipin , Hemavathi V. 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundThe Acceptable Noise Level (ANL) is a measure of an individual’s ability to tolerate background noise while listening to speech.
Based on their ANL scores, people can be categorised into ‘low’, ‘mid’, or ‘high’ ANL groups. However, there are reports of subtle central auditory effects on the variation of ANL in normal hearing subjects. Because these reports are based on various objective test findings and interpretations, process-based central auditory testing and subjective authentication is essential in order to understand central involvement in
individuals with various degrees of ANL.MethodsA total of 106 Kannada-speaking adults with normal hearing sensitivity participated in the study. Their ANLs were measured and
they were then classified into ‘low’, ‘mid’, and ‘high’ groups. The temporal resolution abilities in these participants were tested using the Gap
in Noise (GIN) test.ResultsDescriptive analysis along with parametric statistical evaluations were carried out to compare the GIN scores of the three groups.
One-way ANOVA revealed that the GIN scores were not statistically different (p>0.05) between the groups.ConclusionsThe result suggests that the temporal resolution of individuals with varying degrees of ANLs is comparable. The absence of temporal resolution difficulties in individuals with varying degrees of ANL do not necessarily contradict earlier reports, as they could have other central auditory processing difficulties. More research is required to clarify these difficulties.
AUDITORY BRAINSTEM IMPLANTATION AS AN OPTION TO IMPROVE HEARING AND REDUCE TINNITUS: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF FOUR CASES
Authors: Pinkas Wojciech , Rajchel Joanna , Dziendziel Beata , Lorens Artur , Skarzynski Piotr , Skarzynski Henryk 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundAuditory brainstem implantation (ABI) is a modern method of treating hearing impairment, directed especially to patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). One of the co-occurring symptoms in these patients is tinnitus; however, little is known about its prevalence and severity. This study evaluated the self-reported hearing ability, hearing-related quality of life, and tinnitus severity in 4 adult ABI users.Material and MethodsThe study was a retrospective design. A series of 6 patients who underwent ABI in a single tertiary referral center were asked to fill in two sets of questionnaires referring to their pre- and postoperative experiences. The Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB) was used to evaluate self-perceived hearing ability and Nijmegen Cochlear Implant Questionnaire (NCIQ) to assessResultsOf the 6 patients who initially agreed to participate, 4 returned questionnaires. Based on the self-reported results, it was found that each patient noticed an improvement in hearing ability (mean improvement in APHAB score of M = 25; SD = 27), which was greatest in background noise conditions. A considerable improvement was also noted in the patients’ hearing-related quality of life (mean improvement in NCIQ score of M = 38; SD = 13), which was most pronounced for basic and advanced sound perception. Tinnitus disappeared completely in two patients and was reduced in one patient (mean improvement in THI score for these patients of M = 25; SD = 21). An increase in tinnitus severity from 26 to 84 points in THI was observed in the remaining patient, who had the greatest intensity of NF2 symptoms in the postoperative period and reported the smallest benefits with ABI.ConclusionsBrainstem implantation has the potential to improve self-reported hearing ability, hearing-related quality of life, and reduce tinnitus in NF2 patients. However, more prospective studies are needed to confirm and further explore this potential.
CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS WITHIN
UNIVERSAL NEWBORN HEARING SCREENING
PROGRAMS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Collins Alison , Beswick Rachael , Driscoll Carlie , Kei Joseph 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundUniversal Newborn Hearing Screening (UNHS) attempts to identify children with a permanent, bilateral, moderate or greater hearing loss at birth. However, children who are referred from UNHS programs may have conductive hearing loss (CHL), sensorineural, or mixed hearing loss. The aim of this review was to investigate the prevalence, sub-classifications, audiological diagnosis, and medical
management of CHL within UNHS programs.Material and MethodsA systematic literature search was completed in the scientific databases PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase. Studies
were reviewed with reference to the inclusion criteria, then graded to assess the internal and external validity, leaving 25 studies for review.ResultsThe prevalence of conductive hearing loss ranged from 0.4% to 64.5%. ‘Genetic’ and ‘Permanent’ were the only two sub-classifications of CHL identified, with no uniform terminology evident. Given CHL is not a target condition of UNHS, audiological assessment was
consistent with the diagnosis of Permanent Childhood Hearing Loss (PCHL). There was little evidence of audiological review, onward referrals, or medical management for CHL within UNHS programs. Of the evidence obtained, no alternative pathway was found for children
identified with CHL through UNHS.ConclusionsIn view of the limited evidence for CHL within UNHS, further investigation into the prevalence, sub-classification, and appropriate
management of CHL within a UNHS program is recommended to better guide evidence-based assessment and management of these children.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE SUCCESS OF
CHOLESTEATOMA SURGERY: A POSTOPERATIVE REVIEW
Authors: Stankovic Milan , Stankovic Petar 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo review the audiological results of patients surgically treated for cholesteatoma.Patients and MethodsA retrospective study of patients operated for acquired middle ear cholesteatoma during the period
1990–2002 was performed. A total of 758 patients were followed in the short term and 611 patients in the long term. Localization of cholesteatoma was classified as attic, sinus, or tensa. Closed tympanoplasty was performed as the single procedure
of choice on all the children, and reoperation or conversion to open tympanoplasty was made later if needed. Adult patients
were treated with single classical canal wall up (CWU), or wall down (CWD), according to the propagation of disease and condition of the middle ear. Preoperative and postoperative air-bone gap (ABG), and pure tone average (PTA), were compared.ResultsConsidering all the patients, hearing improvement (reduction of ABG) amounted to 20 dB in the short term and 18
dB over the long term. Preoperative hearing level was significantly worse for the CWD than for the intact canal wall (ICW)
technique. The ABG closure was much better in the group with attic cholesteatoma. Revision operations and bilateral cholesteatoma gave worse total postoperative hearing. Damage of auditory ossicles correlated well with total preoperative and postoperative results.ConclusionsThe audiological results of cholesteatoma surgery are preserved during long-term follow-up. Poorer preoperative hearing level, CWD tympanoplasty, bilateral cholesteatoma, and ossicular damage, as well as revision surgery, were associated with reduced gains in hearing with surgical management.
ACUTE RHINOSINUSITIS DURING THE SWIMMING SEASON
– ETIOPATHOGENESIS, DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES AND
TREATMENT
Authors: Pukhlik Sergiy , Melnicov Oleg , Shchelkunov Anatoly , Titarenko Olga 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundA significant increase of acute rhinosinusitis, mainly maxilloethmoiditis, occurs during the summer season in
Ukrainian resort areas, particularly in Odessa.Material and Methods106 patients with acute “bathing” rhinosinusitis (ABRS) were examined in terms of microbiology, immunology, and allergy during 3 summers (2008–2010). The control group consisted of 51 patients who developed acute purulent rhinosinusitis during the “nonbathing” season.ResultsIn the case of ABRS, fungi and mycotoxins were found to damage the mucous membranes of the nose and paranasal
sinuses, making ABRS aggressive and fast. It occurred against a background of lowered immunity and sensitization.ConclusionsTraditional therapy for ABRS can quickly eliminate inflammation, but sensitization to mold remains high, leaving the possibility of re-development of inflammation. Incorporation of interferon inducers and anti-allergy agents substantially improves clinical and immunological indices of treatment efficacy
EFFECT OF SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS ON
THE TIME-COMPRESSED SPEECH TEST
Authors: Castro Franz , Carballo Gonzalez Ana , del Carmen Rodriguez Jimenez Maria , Lascarro Maria , Cosials Silvia , Barajas de Prat Jose 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundThe comprehension of spoken language is based on the analysis of complex acoustic signals by the central auditory system. Cognitive declines and deficits in speech understanding are seen in aged individuals and also in the
hearing impaired. The Time-Compressed Speech Test is a low redundancy central auditory processing test that evaluates
the closure ability to recognise degraded acoustic speech, words, or sentences.Material and MethodsIn this work, we evaluated the difficulties in understanding compressed speech. Volunteer patients, both with normal hearing and with hearing loss, took part in the experiments. Also a group of hearing aid users
were included. The stimuli consisted of speech words that were either unmodified in duration or time-compressed and
presented at the most comfortable level.ResultsAn inverse relationship was seen between the compression ratio and the capacity to identify correctly the words
presented. Compressed words were worse perceived by hearing-aid users than by patients with flat audiograms and with
a high-frequency hearing loss.ConclusionsIn patients with a flat audiogram, a deficit in the mechanism of temporal resolution exists. Furthermore, hearing aids facilitate the audibility of sound even though they do not act efficiently with speech at high ratios of presentation.
PERSISTENT UPPER RESPIRATORY DISEASES IN CHILDREN:
ROLE OF GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX STUDIED USING
INTRALUMINAL IMPEDANCE AND PH
Authors: Cudejko Renata , Dziekiewicz Marcin , Banaszkiewicz Aleksandra , Skarzynski Henryk , Radzikowski Andrzej 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundA variety of signs and symptoms of otolaryngological complaints have been attributed to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, proof of such an association is spare. Recent studies suggest that in some cases GERD may be
connected with upper respiratory diseases in children, and this paper explores the connection. The aim of the study was to
estimate the incidence of GERD among children with persistent upper respiratory disease by inserting an electrode into the
esophagus. Reflux can be detected as changes in intraluminal resistance brought on by liquid inside the esophagus, and pH
measurements can be used to classify the reflux as acidic or nonacidic.Material and MethodsThis was a multicenter, prospective study of children (4–11.5 years old) with persistent upper respiratory disease. Chronic diseases such as allergy, asthma, cystic fibrosis, or congenital anomalies were excluded. The diagnosis
of chronic upper tract disease was made by a single laryngologist. All children underwent a 24-hour multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH (MII–pH) study. The diagnosis of GERD was made with BioVIEW analysis software after manual review by a single investigator.ResultsExactly 31 consecutive patients (17 boys, 14 girls, mean age 6.8 years) were enrolled in the study. A diagnosis of GERD
was made in 11/31 (35%) patients. A total of 1172 reflux episodes were detected by MII–pH, and 759 (65%) of them were acid,
413 (35%) were nonacid. The most common symptoms were mouth breathing (28/31), snoring (22/31), fetor ex ore (13/31),
hawking (4/11), and apnea (2/11). None of the patients declared gastroenterological symptoms of GERD.ConclusionsThe incidence of GERD in children with persistent upper respiratory diseases was high (35%) in our group, but
not as high as has been previously assessed. More than 1/3 of reflux episodes were non-acid. Reflux should be taken into consideration as a probable etiology of persistent upper respiratory diseases in children. 24-h pH and impedance monitoring is a
more precise way of diagnosing GERD than classic pH-metry
SURGICAL TECHNIQUES IN PARTIAL DEAFNESS TREATMENT
Authors: Skarzynski Henryk , Matusiak Monika , Piotrowska Anna , Skarzynski Piotr 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundTo maximise the success of cochlear implantation, optimal placement of the electrodes inside the cochlea is required. Hearing preservation also means that intracochlear spaces must be approached in a way that avoids traumatising inner ear structures.Material and MethodsIn order to examine this issue a literature search was performed targeting articles on surgical techniques
used in partial deafness cochlear implantation. The aim was to evaluate the advantages and shortcomings of each technique.ResultsIn cochlear implantation two main approaches to the middle ear have been described: mastoidectomy/posterior tympanostomy and suprameatal. Two approaches to the inner ear are in use: cochleostomy and round window.ConclusionsFrom temporal bone studies and clinical work some general conclusion can be drawn: straight arrays should use
round window insertion, and precurved arrays should use cochleostomy
BILATERAL OTITIS MEDIA AND UNILATERAL
SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS AS THE FIRST SIGNS OF
WEGENER’S GRANULOMATOSIS
Authors: Korres George , Maragkoudakis Pavlos , Kousoulis Panagiotis , Nikolopoulos Thomas 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundWegener’s granulomatosis (WG) is a rare disease characterised by blood vessel inflammation. Due to its endorgan damage it is life threatening, primarily affecting the upper and lower respiratory tract (nose, sinuses, trachea, lungs)
and the kidneys.Materials, Methods, ResultsIn this paper we describe the case of a 46-year-old woman who within one year developed bilateral otitis media and unilateral sensorineural hearing loss as the first clinical manifestations of Wegener’s granulomatosis.ConclusionsEven though bilateral otitis media is not a rare condition, in some cases it can be associated with a systemic disease. Suspicion of such a diagnosis should be reinforced when sensorineural hearing loss is present and the history of chronic
otitis media is short. In the absence of other typical findings, the role of the otorhinolaryngologist is very important and any
case with such symptoms should be thoroughly investigated.