bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of two different pre‐anaesthetic omeprazole protocols on gastroesophageal reflux incidence and pH in dogs
Authors: Lotti F. , Twedt D. , Warrit K. , Bryan S. , Vaca C. , Krause L. , Fukushima K. , Boscan P. 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesGastroesophageal reflux can occur during anaesthesia and may lead to esophagitis and occasionally oesophageal stricture formation. The aim of the study is to assess two omeprazole protocols on gastroesophageal reflux incidence and pH in anaesthetised dogs.Materials and MethodsFifty‐five dogs undergoing elective ovariectomy were randomly assigned to: omeprazole single dose 1 mg/kg orally the evening before anaesthesia (20 dogs), omeprazole two doses 1 mg/kg orally the evening and 3 hours before anaesthesia (15 dogs), and control group that did not receive omeprazole (20 dogs). An oesophageal impedance/pH probe was used to measure gastroesophageal reflux incidence and pH during anaesthesia.ResultsGastroesophageal reflux was observed in 55% (11/20) of control dogs, 55% (11/20) of dogs receiving omeprazole once and 47% (7/15) of dogs receiving omeprazole twice. The incidence was not statistically significant different between groups. Gastroesophageal reflux pH (mean ± sd) was higher in dogs receiving omeprazole twice (6.3 ± 1.5), when compared to either control dogs (3.8 ± 1.1) or dogs receiving omeprazole once (4.1 ± 1.5). Strongly acidic reflux (pH < 4) was observed in 7% (1/15) of dogs receiving omeprazole twice versus 55% (11/20) and 35% (7/20) of control dogs and dogs receiving omeprazole once, respectively.Clinical SignificanceOmeprazole administered the evening and 3 hours before anaesthesia increased gastroesophageal reflux pH and decreased the incidence of strongly acidic reflux in dogs. A single dose of omeprazole given the evening before anaesthesia had no effect on reflux pH.
Uncertain occupational expectations at age 19 and later educational and labour market outcomes
Authors: Greve Jane , Saaby Morten , Rosdahl Anders , Christensen Vibeke Tornhøj 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMany young people lack clear subjective occupational expectations. A concern is how they will perform later in life. We examine the impact of uncertain expectations at age 19 on education and labour market outcomes at age 30. We use the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2000 survey conducted on a nationally representative sample of 15‐year‐olds, a follow‐up survey in 2004, and administrative registry data from 2004–2014. We find that uncertain expectations are associated with low educational attainment and weak labour market attachment. This result applies mainly for young men and for young people from low socioeconomic backgrounds.
Risk factors and nomogram for predicting carotid blowout syndrome based on computed tomography angiography
Authors: Feng Kun , Hu Jing , Huang Qiuyu , Cai Weixin , Zhuang Zehang , Liu Haichao , Hou Jinsong , Liu Xiqiang , Wang Cheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo identify independent factors for head and neck cancer (HNC) patients with carotid blowout syndrome (CBS) and construct a nomogram to predict risk of CBS preoperatively based on computed tomography angiography (CTA) imaging.Subject and MethodsFrom January 2010 to July 2020, 73 HNC patients who had surgery in hospitalization and underwent CTA examination for head and neck region were included in this study. Vascular alterations and the relationship between carotid artery (CA) and tumor were evaluated in CTA. Clinical and CTA imaging features were distinguished by logistic regression analysis and used to perform receiver operating curve analysis. Nomogram was created to predict risk of CBS and assessed by concordance index (C‐index) and calibration curve.ResultsThree independent risk factors were identified, including radical neck dissection, CA surrounded by tumor, and CA invaded by tumor without clear boundary. Area under curve of the combination of 3 variables was 0.836 (95% CI, 0.72–0.952, p < 0.001). The C‐index of nomogram was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.73–0.94), and the calibration plot showed a good fitting between prediction and observation.ConclusionsWe established a useful nomogram based on CTA imaging, which showed a satisfied efficacy for evaluating risk of CBS in HNC patients preoperatively.
Structural validity and reliability of the Spanish Central Sensitization Inventory in breast cancer survivors
Authors: Roldán‐Jiménez Cristina , Pajares Bella , Iglesias Campos Marcos , Trinidad‐Fernández Manuel , Gutiérrez‐Sánchez Daniel , Ribelles Nuria , Alba Emilio , Cuesta‐Vargas Antonio Ignacio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionOne of the most widely used instruments to identify symptoms that may be related to central sensitization is the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI). Although this instrument has been translated and validated in Spanish patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain, no psychometric analysis has been carried out in breast cancer survivors. The aim of this study was to perform a psychometric analysis of the Spanish version of the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI‐Sp) in Spanish breast cancer survivors.Materials and MethodsA validation study was carried out in 183 breast cancer survivors. A psychometric analysis of internal consistency, factor structure, and test‐retest reliability of the CSI‐Sp was performed. Internal consistency was determined using Cronbach’s alpha. Test‐retest reliability was evaluated using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) Type 2.1. Exploratory factor analysis was used to determine the internal structure of the questionnaire.ResultsThe internal consistency was high (α = 0.91). The test‐retest reliability was satisfactory with excellent values (ICC 2.1 = 0.95). The exploratory factor analysis yielded a one factor structure explaining the 33.88% of total variance.ConclusionsThe CSI‐Sp has demonstrated to be a psychometrically strong measure for assessing central sensitization symptoms in breast cancer survivors based on internal consistency, test‐retest reliability, and structural validity. Further studies that analyze other measurement properties in different Spanish clinical populations are needed.
Cryptic burrow traces in black shales – a petrographic Rorschach test or the real thing?
Authors: Schieber Juergen , Shao Xinhe , Yawar Zalmai , Liu Bei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn black shale studies, apparent lack of bioturbation is commonly taken as an indication of anoxic bottom waters. Yet, modern oxygen‐stressed environments show that even at suboxic levels (0.0 to 0.2 ml l−1 oxygen), microscopic eukaryotic benthic organisms live in the uppermost millimetres to centimetres of the substrate. Known as meiofauna, these organisms disturb the primary fabric as they move through the sediment. These modern examples inspired students of the rock record to report sub‐millimetre irregular–wiggly features in black shale thin sections as meiofaunal burrows. Preparation flaws in thin section manufacture can cause reduced light transmission that results in darkened regions when viewed in transmitted light, and one wonders whether micro‐burrows reported in the literature are indeed burrows, or alternatively artifact‐induced optical illusions. Examining shale thin sections of Archean to Tertiary age showed: (i) that burrow‐like features are common regardless of age; and (ii) that burrow identification varies significantly between observers. When transposing locations of presumed traces onto scanning electron microscope images of the same field of view (diamond polished surface), no evidence of fabric modification at locations of presumed burrows was observed. Microfabric within and outside ‘burrows’ was the same, and larger fabric elements traversed ‘burrows’ uninterrupted. Once both sides of the rock slice were polished, presumed burrows could no longer be observed, indicating that damage to the underside of the thin section caused the mistaken identification of micro‐burrows. Because burrows emplaced in water‐rich muds must undergo substantial compaction‐induced ‘flattening’ and deformation prior to lithification, geometries of presumed burrows that disagree with a plausible compaction regime provide an additional filter to separate potential burrows from artifact‐induced features. Recognizing meiofaunal disruption is an important aspect for accurate palaeoenvironmental interpretation of black shales. Yet, initial assessment via optical microscopy needs to be verified through scanning electron microscope‐based examination of shale fabrics.
Corneometric evaluation of skin moisture after application of 10% and 30% gluconolactone
Authors: Jarząbek‐Perz Sylwia , Mucha Paulina , Rotsztejn Helena 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundDry skin, caused by improper care or genetic conditions, can affect people of all ages. Skin hydration is determined its lipid content, which inhibits water loss from the epidermis, as well as other substances such as polyhydroxy acids and gluconolactone that can bind water. The aim of this study was to evaluate skin hydration after the application of 10% and 30% gluconolactone solution in a split face model.Materials and methodsSixteen healthy women were qualified for the study. Three split face treatments were performed, with 10% and 30% gluconolactone solution applied to two sides of the face. Skin moisture was measured before each treatment and a week after the last treatment at three measurement sites on either side of the face, that is, on the forehead, around the eye and on the cheek.ResultsCorneometric measurements showed a significant increase in facial skin hydration after gluconolactone treatment. No significant differences were observed between the application of 10% and 30% solution.ConclusionGluconolactone is a moisturizing substance which works well in dry skin care.
The impact of donor total estimated blood volume on nucleated cell yield in bone marrow harvests for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Rennert Wolfgang , Sobh Lina , Cormier Katie , Smith Jenna , Gonzalez Corina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundNucleated cell yields of marrow harvests depend on factors related to donors, the procedure itself, and the volume of marrow harvested. Few attempts have been made to relate donor characteristics to harvest volume. We hypothesize that the percentage of total donor blood volume accessed for harvesting impacts the nucleated cell yield per ml of marrow collected.Methods and MaterialsWe investigated 481 consecutive unrelated marrow harvests from a single center. Donor characteristics including weight, body mass index (BMI), white blood cells (WBCs), hemoglobin (Hgb), and platelet counts, as well as estimated total blood volume, were recorded and compared with nucleated cell yields and harvest volumes.ResultsThe percentage of donor blood volume accessed for marrow harvesting was inversely related to nucleated cell yields (r = −0.57). The donor–recipient weight differential impacted cell yields as well (r = 0.35), with heavier recipients requiring increased marrow volumes from smaller donors to satisfy their nucleated cell needs. 3.73 × 108/kg of recipient weight could be collected with 95% certainty when harvest volumes did not exceed 16.1% of donor total blood volume. In a stepwise multiple regression analysis, 45.4% of cell yield variance was explained by blood volume percentage accessed for harvesting, donor weight, and WBC. Donor sex, BMI, and platelet counts did not contribute further to cell yield variance. Smokers had higher cell yields than nonsmokers (20.4 vs. 18.3 × 106/ml; 95% confidence interval 0.62, 3.47) independent of other parameters.ConclusionEstablishing the relationship between percentage of estimated donor total blood volume and recipient cell needs can facilitate donor selection for successful hematopoietic cell (HPC) transplants.
The dynamic linkage between phytotoxicity and metabolites in Wedelia trilobata soils
Authors: Azizan Kamalrul Azlan , Zamani Arief Izzairy , Ibrahim Sarah , Yusoff Nornasuha , Abdul Ghani Nurul Haizun , Nawawi Mohamad Firdaus 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe phytotoxicity of soils under Wedelia trilobata has been described, but the dynamic between phytotoxic and metabolites in W. trilobata soil and the restriction posed by soil properties have been poorly addressed. In this study, the phytotoxic variation of W. trilobata soil in response to the changes in soil properties and soil metabolomics was determined at monthly intervals for 11 months using bioassays and metabolomic approaches. Strong variability in soil properties and obvious temporal variations in the soil phytotoxicity were observed over the 11‐month period. Among the soil properties that were analyzed, soil organic matter, electrical conductivity, total nitrogen, and soil nutrients presented the most contribution in differentiating soils according to time of sampling and strength of phytotoxicity. Nonsterilized soil exerted stronger percentage inhibition of seed germination (IG) of lettuce, whereas the percentage inhibition of shoot height (SH) and root length (RL) of lettuce was higher in sterilized soil. Decline in the overall phytotoxicity was clearly observed in nonsterilized soil, suggesting the role of soil microbes in mediating the soil phytotoxic effect of W. trilobata, albeit the negative correlation. Putative metabolites contributing to the discrimination of soils according to time of sampling and strong correlation with percentage inhibition (%) of IG, SH, and RL were identified and discussed. Overall, the results showed that the phytotoxicity of soils under W. trilobata varied throughout the 11 months of study and can be restricted by the changes in soil properties.
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐1 and MMP‐2, but not COX‐2 serve as additional predictors for chronic venous ulcer healing
Authors: Bergant Suhodolčan Aleksandra , Luzar Boštjan , Kecelj Leskovec Nada 
Published: March 2021

AbstractChronic venous ulcers affect 1% of the adult population and are associated with a marked reduction in quality of life, especially if healing is prolonged. Several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) appear to be involved in the pathophysiology of chronic venous ulcer healing, but their exact role is still unclear. Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) is an important enzyme in prostanoid synthesis, induced during inflammation in chronic venous ulcer. The first aim of our study was to compare the expression of MMP‐1, MMP‐2, and COX‐2 in wound tissue to that in normal skin. The second aim was to observe the expression of the above factors in 29 chronic venous ulcers in 22 patients at the beginning and 4 weeks later in relation to healing rates and final healing outcome after 24 weeks. The enrolled population was divided into two groups, healed and non‐healed wounds after 24 weeks. The intensity of expression of MMP‐1, MMP‐2 and COX‐2 was assessed for each ulcer in paired wound biopsy samples and wound size measurements using laser triangulation at the beginning and after 4 weeks of observation. Initial healing rates in the first 4 weeks were calculated and proved to be an important predictive factor of healing in 24 weeks. Decreases in MMP‐1 and MMP‐2 after 4 weeks of observation were distinct, positive predictors for ulcer healing. Healing odds were 3.7 times higher for a decrease in MMP‐1 and 2.1 times higher for a decrease in MMP‐2 compared to the healing odds for a non‐decrease in MMP‐1 and MMP‐2. In conclusion, a decrease in MMP‐1 and MMP‐2, but not COX‐2, in wound biopsy samples after 4 weeks of observation can predict better healing of chronic venous ulcer.
Effect of simulation on cognitive load in health care professionals and students: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lapierre Alexandra , Arbour Caroline , Maheu-Cadotte Marc-André , Radermaker Mélanie , Fontaine Guillaume , Lavoie Patrick 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to assess the effect of simulation activities and their design features on cognitive load in health care professionals and students.

Introduction:
Simulation activities are now widely implemented in health care professionals’ education. However, the mechanisms by which simulations and their design features lead to health care professionals’ and students’ learning remains unclear. Still, because of their high interactivity and complexity, simulation activities have the potential to impact the cognitive load of learners. Synthesizing evidence regarding this phenomenon could help simulation educators identify the design features that affect learners’ cognitive load, and explain why some simulation activities are more effective than others.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider experimental and quasi-experimental studies in which the effect of a simulation activity on cognitive load in health care professionals or students from any discipline or level of practice is evaluated. All academic and health settings will be included.

Methods:
Following the guidelines of the JBI methods for systematic reviews of effectiveness, CINAHL, Embase, ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science will be searched for studies published in English or French, without a date limit. Retrieved studies will be independently screened for inclusion, then critically appraised for methodological quality by two reviewers using standardized JBI tools. Data extraction will be done independently using adapted tools from JBI. Where possible, data will be pooled using meta-analytical methods.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42020187723
Measurement of physical activity in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Johansen Mette , Rasmussen Helle M. , Lauruschkus Katarina , Laugesen Britt 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this scoping review is to identify and map subjective instruments that have been developed for children and adolescents with cerebral palsy from birth to 18 years to measure physical activity and sedentary behavior.

Introduction:
Children and adolescents with cerebral palsy often do not meet the recommended levels of physical activity, even though regular physical activity is an important determinant of good health. Considering the importance of physical activity, there is a need for systematic collection of data on daily activity and sedentary behavior of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Subjective instruments with clinical utility for use in quality registers are needed to evaluate interventions and investigate the relationship between activity and health outcomes.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider studies that include children and adolescents from birth to 18 years with cerebral palsy across levels I to V of the Gross Motor Function Classification System. Specifically, this scoping review will report on subjective instruments used to measure physical activity and sedentary behavior and that distinguish between physical activity performance and physical activity capability.

Methods:
This scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews and will search the following databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, JBI Evidence Synthesis, Embase, and PEDro, as well as specific journals relating to physical activity assessment.
Infrared Temperature Measurements of the Blade Tip for a Turbine Operating at Corrected Engine Conditions
Authors: Christensen Louis , Celestina Richard , Sperling Spencer , Mathison Randall , Aksoy Hakan , Liu Jong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA high-speed infrared camera is used to measure the temperature of blade tips in a cooled high-pressure turbine operating at corrected engine conditions in The Ohio State University short duration Turbine Test Facility. These experiments create a challenging problem for infrared imaging since the rotor turns at over 13,000 rpm with tip speeds on the order of 300 m/s, and the surface temperature of the airfoils is on the order of 350 K. This means that the camera needs to capture a low-intensity signal in a very short time period. This article reviews the design and operation of a measurement procedure to accomplish this difficult task along with the postprocessing steps necessary to extract useful data. Raw infrared images are processed by deblurring the images using a nonblind Wiener filter and mapping the two-dimensional data onto the three-dimensional blade. This article also describes experiments covering a range of cooling flowrates and main flow temperatures. In addition, several tests with no main flow and only cooling flow were performed at lower speeds to reduce motion blur and enable the separation of internal and external heat transfer information. Results show that the infrared data are consistent and can provide quantitative comparisons of cooling performance even at the high rotation speed. This article presents the lessons learned for high-speed infrared measurement along with the representative data to illustrate the repeatability and capability of the measurement scheme as well as suggested improvements to guide further development.
An Approach to Represent Imprecision in Interactive Design Using Fuzzy Set Theory
Authors: Iqbal Numan , Kinzel Gary L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Imprecision in the values of design parameters is an inherent character of the analysis stage of engineering design when the ideas have not yet converted to precise values and some of the design parameters remain flexible. The goal of this paper is to illustrate the application of the concepts of fuzzy set theory to represent this imprecision in design after a basic analytical model of the part being evaluated is developed. The idea is to help the designer efficiently study the effect of changing the values of certain parameters so that the number of iterations required to reach a final design can be reduced. The concepts of fuzzy set theory are used to represent design variables and the vertex method is utilized to calculate the fuzzy outputs in an interactive manner through an existing constraint manager (Design Shell) developed at The Ohio State University.
Features and Algorithms for Tooling Cost Evaluation in Injection Molding and Die Casting
Authors: Rosen David W. , Dixon John R. , Poli Corrado , Dong Xin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Design-for-manufacturability tools for thin-walled mechanical components are being developed and integrated into a feature-based design system. This paper presents recent work on automatically evaluating injection molded and die cast components for tooling cost. The methodology for evaluation is to convert a design features representation of a component into a tooling cost features representation, then compute cost drivers from the features. Evaluation can be done directly from the cost drivers using cost data in tables. The critical tooling cost features were derived from tooling cost drivers reported in previous work. The tooling cost features and cost drivers are listed, and definitions and algorithms for conversion from design-with to tooling cost features are given. At the end, conclusions are drawn on the feasibility of feature conversion and feature-based tooling cost evaluation, based on the design-with features approach.