bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulse Oximeter App Privacy Policies During COVID-19: Scoping Assessment
Authors: Hendricks-Sturrup Rachele 
Published: December 2021

Background
Pulse oximeter apps became of interest to consumers during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly when traditional over-the-counter pulse oximeter devices were in short supply. Yet, no study to date has examined or scoped the state of privacy policies and notices for the top-rated and most downloaded pulse oximeter apps during COVID-19.

Objective
The aim of this study was to examine, through a high-level qualitative assessment, the state and nature of privacy policies for the downloaded and top-rated pulse oximeter apps during the COVID-19 pandemic to (1) compare findings against comparable research involving other mobile health (mHealth) apps and (2) begin discussions on opportunities for future research or investigation.

Methods
During August-October 2020, privacy policies were reviewed for pulse oximeter apps that had either at least 500 downloads (Google Play Store apps only) or a three out of five-star rating (Apple Store apps only). In addition to determining if the apps had an accessible privacy policy, other key privacy policy–related details that were extracted included, but were not limited to, app developer location (country); whether the app was free or required paid use/subscription; whether an ads disclosure was provided on the app’s site; the scope of personal data collected; proportionality, fundamental rights, and data protection and privacy issues; and privacy safeguards.

Results
Six pulse oximeter apps met the inclusion criteria and only 33% (n=2) of the six apps had an accessible privacy policy that was specific to the pulse oximeter app feature (vs the app developer’s website or at all). Variation was found in both the regulatory nature and data privacy protections offered by pulse oximeter apps, with notable privacy protection limitations and gaps, although each app provided at least some information about the scope of personal data collected upon installing the app.

Conclusions
Pulse oximeter app developers should invest in offering stronger privacy protections for their app users, and should provide more accessible and transparent privacy policies. This is a necessary first step to ensure that the data privacy of mHealth consumers is not exploited during public health emergency situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic, where over-the-counter personal health monitoring devices could be in short supply and patients and consumers may, as a result, turn to mHealth apps to fill such supply gaps. Future research considerations and recommendations are also suggested for mHealth technology and privacy researchers who are interested in examining privacy implications associated with the use of pulse oximeter apps during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Developing a Health Game to Prepare Preschool Children for Anesthesia: Formative Study Using a Child-Centered Approach
Authors: Ingadottir Brynja , Laitonen Elina , Stefansdottir Adalheidur , Sigurdardottir Anna Olafia , Brynjolfsdottir Berglind , Parisod Heidi , Nyman Johanna , Gunnarsdottir Karitas , Jónsdóttir Katrín , Salanterä Sanna , Pakarinen Anni 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundEvery year, millions of children undergo medical procedures that require anesthesia. Fear and anxiety are common among young children undergoing such procedures and can interfere with the child’s recovery and well-being. Relaxation, distraction, and education are methods that can be used to prepare children and help them cope with fear and anxiety, and serious games may be a suitable medium for these purposes. User-centered design emphasizes the involvement of end users during the development and testing of products, but involving young, preschool children may be challenging.ObjectiveOne objective of this study was to describe the development and usability of a computer-based educational health game intended for preschool children to prepare them for upcoming anesthesia. A further objective was to describe the lessons learned from using a child-centered approach with the young target group.MethodsA formative mixed methods child (user)-centered study design was used to develop and test the usability of the game. Preschool children (4-6 years old) informed the game design through playful workshops (n=26), and usability testing was conducted through game-playing and interviews (n=16). Data were collected in Iceland and Finland with video-recorded direct observation and interviews, as well as children’s drawings, and analyzed with content analysis and descriptive statistics.ResultsThe children shared their knowledge and ideas about hospitals, different emotions, and their preferences concerning game elements. Testing revealed the high usability of the game and provided important information that was used to modify the game before publishing and that will be used in its further development.ConclusionsPreschool children can inform game design through playful workshops about health-related subjects that they are not necessarily familiar with but that are relevant for them. The game’s usability was improved with the participation of the target group, and the game is now ready for clinical testing.
Католический врач для калмыцкого хана: к характеристике вероисповедной политики на южных окраинах Российской империи (начало 60-х гг. XVIII в.)
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Ryazhev Andrey S. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The article concentrates on the religious policy of the Russian Empire in the Early Modern Time. For the first time in historiography, a study was carried out concerning the activities of Catholic missionaries in relation to the Kalmyk Khanate, the attempts of the Capuchin Order to establish contacts with the Kalmyk Khan Donduk-Dashi. Materials and methods. The study is based on mostly unpublished materials from the political and diplomatic correspondence of the Collegium of Foreign Affairs and the legislation of the first half of the 1760s, characterizing the methods and territorial scope of the missionaries activity, in particular, their penetration into the Kalmyk steppe. The methodology of the study has been determined by the structural and functional approach to the system of state bodies of Russia. In combination with this approach, a historical-genetic method was used, which is optimal for the study of changes in the power system of the Russian Empire from the beginning of the 18th century through the first half of the 1760s. Results. The section demonstrates the reasons for the aspiration of the Capuchin Order to the North Caucasus and the place of the Kalmyk Khanate in missionary plans, describes the standard epoch-specific missionary techniques for influencing the non-Catholic population. It has been determined that the Capuchins, relying on the support of Austrian diplomacy, bypassed the formal restrictions on missionary activity in the studied region, which could not but cause religious friction. The activity of Russian institutions to resolve differences of this kind is traced, the difficulties encountered by the authorities in the capital and especially at the local level in connection with the need for an appropriate settlement are shown. At the same time, it is emphasized that the specific interests of secular and spiritual bodies in such cases did not coincide, which had a long-standing and stable character in the south. The dynamics of the attitude of the Russian authorities towards missionaries in the Russian south is outlined. If under the conditions of the “Austrian system” — orientation towards the Austrian court, which had been in Russian diplomacy since the times of Peter the Great and under Empress Elizaveta Petrovna, their position was favorable, then after the accession of Catherine II and the crisis in Russian-Austrian relations, the possibilities of missionaries in the North Caucasus and the Kalmyk steppes were significantly limited. The author states that in the process of settling religious tensions, the Russian authorities in the early 1760s faced a weak legal framework both in relation to non-Orthodox religions and in general. The solution to the problem was outlined with the accession of Catherine II and in connection with the empress’s policy in the spheres of religion and law.
Лама Зодбо-Аракба Самтанов в российской межведомственной переписке и на страницах астраханской периодической печати
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Kurapov Andrey A. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The article examines historical sources dealing with Lama Zodbo-Arakba Samtanov, the Head Lama of Buddhists of the Kalmyk steppe in 1873–1886, in terms of interaction between the Russian state administration and Kalmyk Buddhists. Data and methods. The research is based on historical-descriptive and comparative methods of historical analysis. Its focus is on the archive documents, including the memorandum of 21 January 1880 directed by the Head Lama of Kalmyk Buddhists Zodbo-Arakba Samtanov to the Minister of State Property A. A. Liven and the 1886 article ”Smert´poslednego lamy” (Death of the Last Lama) in the local newspaper Astrakhanskii spravochnyi listok. Results. This paper has examined the historical sources pertaining to Lama Samtanov’s biography. Of particular interest for the research was the evidence of his participation in the interdepartment discussions on a number of urgent issues of the second half of the nineteenth century, such as the staff of Kalmyk Buddhist monasteries being reduced and the traditional Buddhist education of Kalmyks being restricted. Also, the article focuses on the description of the ritual of Lama’s cremation that took place on 14 December 1886. Conclusions. The second half of the nineteenth century saw a more active interaction between the Buddhists of the Kalmyk steppe and Russian state ministeries and departments dealing with Kalmyk affairs. The Kalmyk senior lamas participated in a dialogue with Russian officials in an effort to defend their system of Buddhist monasteries and the traditional rules and customs of the local Buddhists. Lama Samtanov’s memorandum is a vivid example of interaction between Kalmyk Buddhists and the administration of the Russian Empire. The article ”Death of the Last Lama” in Astrakhanskii spravochnyi listok that describes the ritual of Lama’s cremation is not only a valuable source but also the evidence that shows some of the local journalists’ positive attitudes towards the Buddhist monasteries’ role in the life of Kalmyks in the late nineteenth century.
«Сказание о Гесере-богдо» в записи от Дорджиева Шарлда Дорджиевича, 1893 г. р.: общая характеристика, текст, комментарий
Authors:   Gorodovikov Kalmyk State University (11, Pushkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Khabunovа Evdokia E. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction. This paper introduces the authentic text of ”Gesr bogdyn tusk tuuji” (The Saga of Geser-bogdo) for the academic community. It was written down in Malye Derbety, Maloderbety raion, Kalmyk ASSR in 1982 by the present author; its performer was Sharlda Dordzhievich Dordzhiev (1893–1984), Baga khurul shabiner, uimguilmyd. The original text is supplemented by Russian translation made by the author of the publication and a short biography of the performer. Also, the article includes a brief description of the sample, focusing on the specifics of recording and of keeping the field notes. The article aims at introducing new material, such as the authentic text ”The Saga of Geser-bogdo”, its Russian translation, and the performer’s biographical data. Data and methods. The research is based on the manuscript from the author’s private archive; the Kalmyk text of eleven pages is written down on paper (A4, yellow paper). There are also additional materials, such as the interviews with Dordzhiev’s relatives and villagers. Results. ”The Saga of Geser-bogdo” is devoted to an interesting story of Geser-bogdo’s mission, i. e. the protagonist’s efforts to free the Earth (Middle World) from cold, as well as demons personified as Andzhlula and his wife. The narrative is based on two microstories: i) an unsuccessful attempt to getrid of cold on the Earth with the help of Khurmusta Tengri and ii) the victory over Andzhlula and his wife with the help of Sandzhi, the protagonist’s brother from heavens. The analysis shows that, in terms of its structure and content, ”The Saga of Geser-bogdo” includes a number of important segments, which are parallel to other Geser’s epic narratives. The manuscript is of relevance for studies of the Kalmyk oral tradition of Geser sagas. Conclusions. ”The Saga of Geser-bogdo”, performed by Dordzhiev in 1982, indicates that oral retellings of Geser sagas were widely circulated in Kalmykia. Also, the data pertaining to the storyteller’s life and art shows the popularity of the epic narratives in the Kalmyk milieu at the time the recording was made (late 20th c.). The epic sample maybe of interest to folklorists and epic scholars for their comparative and textological studies, as well as for the studies of storytelling tradition and of the linguistic aspect of popular oral art.
Рец.: Гарри И. Р., Сабиров Р. Т., Цыремпилов Н. В., Родионов В. А., Дондуков Б. Ц., Дрейфус Дж., Вэйжун Ш., Эльверског Й., Бернштейн А. Буддизм и национализм во Внутренней Азии. Улан-Удэ: Буряад-Монгол Ном, 2021. xii+324 с.
Authors:   Independent researcher (21–24, 1 Khoroo, Bayanzürkh District, 13380 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia), Terentyev Vladislav I. 
Published: December 2021

For citation: Book review: Garri I. R., Sabirov R. T., Tsyrempilov N. V., Rodionov V. A., Dondukov B. Ts., Dreyfus G., Weirong Sh., Elverskog J., Bernstein A. Buddhism and Nationalism in Inner Asia. Ulan-Ude: Buryad-Mongol Nom, 2021. xii+324 p. Mongolian Studies (Elista). 2021; 13(2): 399–407. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.22162/2500-1523-2021-2-399-407
Periodontitis and Low Bone Mineral Density: A Bibliometric Study of the Top 100 cited Articles
Authors: Baldodia Aastha , Sharma Rajinder Kumar , Tewari Shikha , Arora Aman , Baldodia Muskan 
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Science mapping is commonly known as Scientometrics; is used in combination with data visualization to analyze a considerable form of bibliographic resources to study and map the scientific field and thereby serving investigators to concentrate on under investigated areas of research. This scientometric study was aimed: 1) to evaluate the level of investigation in the field of periodontitis and osteoporosis, and 2) to recognize the journals, and countries in this field.
Methods: The top hundred articles with most citations were selected by electronic searches in the MEDLINE database, and the citations were cross checked by Google Scholar database. The total number of publications per year along with their yearly growth was calculated. The following data regarding the journal, country of origin, and level of evidence were analysed.
Results: 467 authors within 77 clusters contributed to these 100 articles. The annual rate of growth of publications in the period from 2011 to 2020 was 6.27%. The year range of these publications started from 1992 till 2019, the second decade of the new millennium showed the highest number of articles (39 out of 100 articles).
Conclusion: Though the number of articles published on the present topic has risen in the last two decades, the proportion of studies with LOE1 is as low as 5%. Therefore, recommendations are made to the researchers to lay emphasis on producing more studies with LOE1 in future.
Numerical Investigation of the Performance of Linear Interpolation Schemes Coupled Finite Volume Method in the Analysis of Confined Convection-Diffusion Turbulent Flow Field
Authors: Gatwiri Jane , Karanja Stephen , Theuri David 
Published: December 2021

Numerical solutions are never exact due to errors emanating from the scheme used in discretizing the governing equations and the flow domain. For convection-diffusion flow, the magnitude of these errors varies depending on the scheme used to interpolate the nodal values of the flow quantities to the interfaces. An interpolation scheme that minimizes these errors would give results that are consistent to experimental results. This paper documents the performance of three linear interpolation schemes; upwind differencing, central differencing scheme and the hybrid scheme in obtaining temperature profiles for a convection-diffusion turbulent flow field. To eliminate the enormous scales inherent in turbulent flow, the field variables present in the governing equations are decomposed into a mean and a fluctuating component and averaged. The closure problem was solved using the turbulence model. The resulting equations are discretized using the robust finite volume discretization technique. The discretized equations are solved using a segregated pressure-based algorithm. The results revealed that the central difference interpolation scheme generate temperature profiles that were consistent with experimental results of Ampofo and Karayiannis, (2003).
Desain Kerangka Blockchain terhadap pendidikan: A Survey
Authors: Guustaaf Edward , Rahardja Untung , Aini Qurotul , Santoso Nesti Anggraini , Santoso Nuke Puji Lestari 
Published: December 2021

Translator Translator Translator Translator Translator Translator Translator Translator Abstrak— Blockchain adalah buku besar yang secara bersamaan terdesentralisasi dan terdistribusikan. Terdapat Node yang berfungsi untuk mencatat semua histori transaksi di Blockchain dengan semua jaringan yang berbeda. Blockchain memiliki sifat kekal atau tidak dapat diubah, sehingga kemungkinan terjadi kecurangan dalam teknologi Blockchain sangat kecil. Hal ini tentu menjadi teknologi yang sangat praktis dan aman bagi dunia pendidikan dalam melakukan sertifikasi digital, pencatatan, dan lain sebagainya. Dengan adanya teknologi Blockchain diharapkan dapat menyelesaikan masalah yang sering terjadi di dunia pendidikan. Desain pendidikan berbasis Blockchain memiliki harapan besar dalam menurunkan tingkat kecurangan yang selalu terjadi di dunia pendidikan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode komprehensif, di mana kami akan fokus mendalami desain pendidikan berbasis Blockchain, fitur-fitur Blockchain yang digunakan, dan layanan pendidikan berbasis Blockchain dalam meningkatkan implementasi teknologi Blockchain di dunia pendidikan. Abstract— Blockchain is a ledger that is simultaneously decentralized and distributed. There is a node that functions to record all transaction history on the Blockchain with all different networks. Blockchain is immutable or irreversible, so the possibility of fraud in Blockchain technology is very small. This is certainly a technology that is very practical and safe for the world of education in doing digital certification, recording, and so on. With Blockchain technology, it is hoped that it can solve problems that often occur in the world of education. Blockchain-based educational designs have great hopes of reducing the level of cheating that always occurs in the world of education. This research was conducted using a comprehensive method, in which we will focus on exploring Blockchain-based educational design, Blockchain features used, and Blockchain-based educational services in improving the implementation of Blockchain technology in the world of education.
Pemanfaatan Teknologi Augmented Reality Dalam Pemasaran Perumahan Mutiara Barangan Palembang
Authors: Putra Pacu , Alzaini Akbar , Heroza Rahmat Izwan , Meiriza Allsela 
Published: December 2021

Perumahan Mutiara Barangan is a housing complex that located at tanjung barangan, Palembang, Sumatera Selatan that was developed by PT. Kurnia Hamusri Sukses Mandiri. This This enterprise use pictures, brochures, and miniature for marketing activities. The objective of this research was to implement Augmented Reality Technology in digital marketing system to visualize their house in 3Ds View. The System Development model that used in this study is Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) which consists of concept, design, material collecting, assembly, testing and distribution. As a result of implementing Augmented Reality in Marketing of housing complex in Perumahan Mutiara Barangan Palembang can offer new experience of user in observing housing complex that was offered.
The establishment and development of the asylum institute (institution) in ancient states of the slavery period
Authors: Golovach A.Y. 
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the institution of asylum in practice and interstate relations of the ancient states of the slave-owning period. The author draws attention to the reasons for the emergence of the right to asylum and characterizes the right to asylum on the example of Ancient Egypt, the Kingdom of Israel, Ancient Greece, Rome, India It is concluded that the practice of granting asylum in these states was not the same, which is explained by the difference in the number of persons to whom such asylum was granted. In particular, attention is paid to the provision of asylum to slaves and the difference in its application to a free person.
Two forms of asylum are described in ancient states: religious and territorial. When analyzing the religious form of asylum, the author draws attention to the various places where such asylum could be provided, examples of its use are given. The reasons for the impossibility of this type of shelter in ancient India are explained. A description of the territorial asylum is given and examples of international treaties concluded by ancient states that confirm its existence are given. It is concluded that religious asylum, which is currently unknown to modern international law, was the dominant form of asylum in ancient times. This is due to the special role of religion in the life of ancient states. Based on this, the author concludes that the institution of asylum law was more regulated by the rules of canon law than state, positive law. The state only determined the number of persons who could not use religious asylum and other equally important issues of the asylum procedure. As a result, the institution of asylum law emerged more as an institution of domestic rather than international law. However, in ancient times, many elements of the asylum institution that would make up its content in a later period were already present. This indicates the importance in the life of ancient society of the rules of the institution of asylum law.
Attention is drawn to the reasons that motivate people to leave their homes and seek protection from harassment in shelters. Their similarity with the modern period is noted, which testifies to the urgency of the research topic.