bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time to diabetic neuropathy and its predictors among newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Kebede Sewnet Adem , Tusa Biruk Shalmeno , Weldesenbet Adisu Birhanu , Tessema Zemenu Tadesse , Ayele Tadesse Awoke 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Despite the high number of patients suffering from the negative impact of diabetic neuropathy (DN) in Ethiopia, evidence regarding the time to DN and its predictors are not well document in Ethiopia. Therefore, the current study aimed to determine time to DN and its predictors among newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients (T2DM) in North West Ethiopia.

Methods
Institutional based retrospective cohort study was conducted among 463 T2DM. Cox proportional hazard model was fitted to identify predictors of time to DN. The adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) with its 95% confidence interval was used to declare the presence and strength of association.

Results
From a total 463 study participants, 77 (16.63%), (95% CI 13.23%, 20.03%) had developed diabetic neuropathy. The median time to develop DN was 233.77 months. About 40 (51.95%) diabetic neuropathy cases occurred within 6 years of diagnosis of diabetic mellitus. The incidence density was 2.01/100 PY with 95% CI of [1.60, 2.53]. In the multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis; being aged 65–69 [AHR = 2.78; 95% CI 1.20, 6.46], living with diabetes for less than 4 years [AHR = 3.77; 95% CI 1.82, 7.76], having anaemia [AHR = 3.82; 95% CI 1.66, 8.82] and having other complications [AHR = 1.68; 95% CI 1.03, 2.76 were significant predictors of DN.

Conclusion
More than half of diabetic neuropathy cases occurred within a short period of diagnosed with T2DM. Significant predictors for the time to DN were age, duration, having anaemia and other DM complication. Therefore, we recommend that early screening for DM and its complication for risky groups. While doing that due consideration should be assumed for old and anemic patients.
Efficacy of some Egyptian native plant extracts against Haemonchus contortus in vitro and in experimentally infected sheep along with the associated haematological and biochemical alterations
Authors: Hassan Noha M. F. , Zaghawa Ahmed A. , Abu-Elezz Nadia M. T. , Nayel Mohamed A. , Salama Akram A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundHaemonchosis is a serious disease affecting ruminants’ productivity worldwide. Medicinal plants are deemed one of the most natural bio-products safely used as alternatives to the synthetic anthelmintics. In the present study, comparative efficacy of crude ethanolic extracts (CEEs) ofArtemisia herba-alba(A. herba-alba),Balanites aegyptiaca(B. aegyptiaca) andAllium sativum(A. sativum) as alternative treatments was tested onHaemonchus contortus(H. contortus). An in vitro test to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of various concentrations of extracts at 25, 30 and 50 mg/ml was accomplished on motility and viability of adult worms in comparison with albendazole, reference drug at 10 μg/ml at various time intervals. An in vivo test was carried out in lambs experimentally infected withH. contortusto detect anthelmintic activity of CEEs ofA. herba-albaandB. aegyptiacacompared to albendazole. Fifteen parasite-free Baladi Egyptian lambs aged 4–8 months old were categorized into five groups, each of three lambs as follows: G1 was kept as uninfected untreated one, G2 was utilized as infected untreated group, G3 was given CEE ofA. herba-alba, G4 was received CEE ofB. aegyptiaca, and G 5 was treated with albendazole.ResultsThe in vitro test revealed that CEE ofB. aegyptiacahad the most significant anthelmintic activity on adultH. contortusfollowed byA. herba-alba,whileA. sativumwas of the lowest effect. The in vivo test showed that the CEE ofB. aegyptiacaachieved an excellent faecal egg reduction (100%) at the 7th day post-treatment. The most efficient treatments that improved the haematological parameters and regained the level of serum total protein, albumin and A/G ratio, serum globulin, SGoT, SGPT, urea and creatinine to the almost normal levels were CEE ofB. aegyptiaca, albendazole and CEE ofA. herba-alba, respectively.ConclusionsThis study highlighted the marked anthelmintic potency of the CEEs ofB. aegyptiacaandA. herba-albaonH. contortusand the superiority of CEE ofB. aegyptiacaas a talented anti-parasitic medicinal plant for sheep.
Oscillation of nonlinear neutral dynamic equations on time scales
Authors: Chhatria G. N. , Grace Said R. , Graef John R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe authors present necessary and sufficient conditions for the oscillation of a class of second order non-linear neutral dynamic equations with non-positive neutral coefficients by using Krasnosel’skii’s fixed point theorem on time scales. The nonlinear function may be strongly sublinear or strongly superlinear.
Evaluation of vegetable pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp] genotypes for yield stability
Authors: Ojwang J. D. , Nyankanga R. , Rao N. V. P. R. G. Ganga , Imungi J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundVegetable pigeonpea is an important food security crop in the marginal dry areas of the Eastern region of Kenya. The adaptation and stability of vegetable pigeonpea genotypes across different agro-ecological zones in Kenya are not adequately determined. The objective of this study was to evaluate the yield stability and adaptability of genotypes: KAT 60/8, MZ 2/9, ICEAP 00554, ICEAP 00557 and KIONZA based on additive main effects and multiplicative interactions (AMMI) and Genotype plus genotype by environment (GGE biplot) analysis.MethodsEvaluation of vegetable pigeonpea Genotypes was conducted at Kiboko, Katumani and Kambi ya Mawe research stations located in Eastern region and University of Nairobi Field station in central region of Kenya. The genotypes were planted in a Randomized Complete Block design (RCBD), replicated three times at all sites. Rainfall at Kiboko and Kabete were supplemented with irrigation, using sprinklers, for a total of 38 times, providing 832 mm of water. The crop was protected from pests by the application of broad-spectrum, non-systemic, pyrethroid alpha-cypermethrin and dimethoate, after field scouting. All other agronomic and cultural practices were done as recommended for each location.ResultsCombined analysis of variance (ANOVA) at six environments revealed highly significant (P  < 0.01) variations in G × E interactions for yield (Kg/ha), 100 Seed mass (g/100 seed), days to flower and maturity (P  < 0.05). AMMI model for grain yield interaction principal components analysis (IPCA), explained 96.5% of the total yield variation. The cultivar MZ 2/9 and KAT 60/8 recorded a lower IPCA1, indicating a wider adaptation and stability. Kambi ya Mawe, Katumani and Kiboko had higher IPCA1, indicating greatest interactive environments and adapted genotypes. Kambi ya Mawe, was the most ideal location for evaluating pigeonpea genotypes. While KIONZA was the most ideal genotype for yield performance, MZ 2/9 and KAT 60/8 were most stable with a wider adaptation.ConclusionKIONZA should be used as a reference genotype, while Kambi ya Mawe would be the most ideal location for testing the vegetable pigeonpea genotypes in breeding research. Increased deployment of stable pigeon pea cultivars, MZ 2/9 and KAT 60/8 would enhance food security in the dry areas of Eastern regions of Kenya. These genotypes need to be promoted with farmers for wider adoption in the Eastern region of Kenya.
Psychometric assessment of the Polish Translation of the Transgender Positive Identity Measure (T-PIM)
Authors: Koziara Karolina , Mijas Magdalena , Pliczko Mateusz , Wycisk Jowita , Grabski Bartosz 
Published: October 2021

Cel pracyBadania realizowane wśród osób transpłciowych i różnorodnych płciowo koncentrują się przede wszystkim na trudnościach i rozbieżnościach w zdrowiu charakteryzujących tę populację. Jednym z powodów tego stanu rzeczy jest brak narzędzi kwestionariuszowych umożliwiających badanie pozytywnych aspektów i doświadczeń związanych z transpłciowością. Transgender Positive Identity Measure (T-PIM; Kwestionariusz Pozytywnej Tożsamości Transpłciowej) jest jednym z niewielu narzędzi stworzonych z myślą o eksploracji tych doświadczeń. Celem naszej analizy była ocena struktury, rzetelności oraz trafności polskiego tłumaczenia kwestionariusza T-PIM.MetodaW badaniu wzięło udział 89 osób transpłciowych oraz różnorodnych płciowo. Oprócz kwestionariusza T-PIM wykorzystano w nim także Skalę Pomiaru Prężności (SPP-25) i kwestionariusz CESD-R. Do zbadania struktury kwestionariusza zastosowano metodę hierarchicznej analizy skupień (ICLUST), analizę równoległą Horna oraz test częściowy minimalnej średniej Velicera (MAP).WynikiPolskie tłumaczenie T-PIM charakteryzowało się strukturą zgodną z oryginalnym narzędziem obejmującym pięć czynników (Autentyczność, Intymność, Wspólnota, Sprawiedliwość społeczna oraz Wgląd). Współczynniki rzetelności – α Cronbacha i lambda-6 Guttmana – osiągnęły satysfakcjonujące poziomy zarówno dla wszystkich pięciu czynników, jak i całego kwestionariusza.WnioskiPolskie tłumaczenie kwestionariusza T-PIM charakteryzuje się dobrymi właściwościami psychometrycznymi i może być wykorzystywane w badaniach z udziałem osób transpłciowych i różnorodnych płciowo.
Intra- and inter-cycle variability of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels in healthy women during non-consecutive menstrual cycles: the BICYCLE study
Authors: Biniasch Marieke , Laubender Ruediger Paul , Hund Martin , Buck Katharina , De Geyter Christian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Determine variability of serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels during ovulatory menstrual cycles between different women (inter-participant), between non-consecutive cycles (inter-cycle) and within a single cycle (intra-cycle) in healthy women.

Methods
Eligible participants were women aged 18–40 years with regular ovulatory menstrual cycles. Serum samples were collected every second day during two non-consecutive menstrual cycles. AMH levels were measured in triplicate using the Elecsys® AMH Plus immunoassay (Roche Diagnostics). AMH level variability was evaluated using mixed-effects periodic regression models based on Fourier series. The mesor was calculated to evaluate inter-participant and inter-cycle variability. Inter- and intra-cycle variability was evaluated using peak-to-peak amplitudes. Separation of biological and analytical coefficients of variation (CVs) was determined by analysing two remeasured AMH levels (with and without original AMH levels).

Results
A total of 47 women were included in the analysis (42 assessed over two cycles; five one cycle only). CV of unexplained biological variability was 9.61%; analytical variability was 3.46%. Inter-participant variability, given by time-series plots of AMH levels, was greater than inter-cycle variability. Between individual participants, both mesor and peak-to-peak amplitudes proved variable. In addition, for each participant, intra-cycle variability was higher than inter-cycle variability.

Conclusions
Inter-participant and intra-cycle variability of AMH levels were greater than inter-cycle variability. Unexplained biological variability was higher than analytical variability using the Elecsys AMH Plus immunoassay. Understanding variability in AMH levels may aid in understanding differences in availability of antral ovarian follicles during the menstrual cycle, which may be beneficial in designing gonadotropin dosage for assisted reproductive technology.
Productivity and profitability of organic and conventional potato (Solanum tuberosumL.) production in West-Central Bhutan
Authors: Lepcha Norden , Mankeb Panya , Suwanmaneepong Suneeporn 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBhutan aspires to be an entirely organic nation. Food self-sufficiency and increasing farm household income are critical priorities in the country. Realising these priorities necessitates assessing the country’s current organic agriculture performance. The objectives of this study were to investigate the productivity and profitability of organic and conventional potato and farmers’ constraints in producing organic potato in West-Central Bhutan. Multistage and purposive sampling techniques were used to select the study sample. A semi-structured questionnaire and face-to-face interviews were employed to gather primary data for the 2019 cropping cycle from 93 potato farmers: 43 organic farmers in the Gasa District and 50 conventional farmers in Wangdue Phodrang District. Descriptive statistics, cost and return analysis, and independent samplet-test were applied for data analysis. The results revealed that the conventional potato’s productivity (tuber yield) and profitability were significantly higher (p< 0.001) than organic potatoes. The average productivities for organic and conventional potatoes were 7.48 and 19.22 t/ha, respectively. Organic potato farmers incurred a loss of −202,708.47 Ngultrum (Nu)/ha, while conventional potato farmers incurred a profit of 83,832.85 Nu/ha. The benefit-cost ratios of organic and conventional potato stood at 0.40 and 1.27, respectively. Lack of premium price, pest and disease problems, low crop productivity, and climate change were the constraints faced by organic potato farmers. The study found that the productivity and profitability of the conventional potatoes were higher than the organic potatoes in West-Central Bhutan in the current scenario. Further, the critical information will contribute to guiding Bhutan’s vision for its organic agriculture development.
Hippocampal Cb2 receptors: an untold story
Authors: Visvanathar Robin , Papanikolaou Maria , Nôga Diana Aline , Pádua-Reis Marina , Tort Adriano Bretanha Lopes , Blunder Martina 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The field of cannabinoid research has been receiving ever-growing interest. Ongoing debates worldwide about the legislation of medical cannabis further motivates research into cannabinoid function within the central nervous system (CNS). To date, two well-characterized cannabinoid receptors exist. While most research has investigated Cb1 receptors (Cb1Rs), Cb2 receptors (Cb2Rs) in the brain have started to attract considerable interest in recent years. With indisputable evidence showing the wide-distribution of Cb2Rs in the brain of different species, they are no longer considered just peripheral receptors. However, in contrast to Cb1Rs, the functionality of central Cb2Rs remains largely unexplored. Here we review recent studies on hippocampal Cb2Rs. While conflicting results about their function have been reported, we have made significant progress in understanding the involvement of Cb2Rs in modulating cellular properties and network excitability. Moreover, Cb2Rs have been shown to be expressed in different subregions of the hippocampus, challenging our prior understanding of the endocannabinoid system. Although more insight into their functional roles is necessary, we propose that targeting hippocampal Cb2Rs may offer novel therapies for diseases related to memory and adult neurogenesis deficits.
Determination of flexibility and mobility levels for female physical education students and motor asymmetry analysis
Authors: Berisha Milaim 
Published: October 2021

Background and Study Aim. The aim of the study is the determination of flexibility and mobility levels (norm values) for female physical education students and analyses of the motor asymmetry.
Material and Methods. In the study, 10 female physical education and sport students whose mean body weight was 59.3 kg and body height were 167.7 centimeters were included. Flexibility and mobility performance was measured by using tests such as a Forward-Backward Split (FBS0), Leg Raise forward (LRF0), Leg Raise Sideward (LRS0), Side Spit (SS0), Arm-Trunk Angle (AT0), Seat and reach hip angle degree (SRHA0). Data analysis in the study was made by using the IBM SPSS statistics 26 program. To handle the results of the study, the Independent-samples T-test and percentile(s) statistics were used. Norm values were given in four categories (20th, 40th, 60th, 80th) and middle fifty (50th). Calculation of the angle degrees was made by using the Kinovea-0.9.4-x64.exe program.
Results. The findings have shown that the forward-backward split and leg raise forward angle degree when the right leg was ahead is significantly higher (better flexibility) than the forward-backward split and leg raise forward angle degree when the left leg was ahead (p<0.05). However, differences in the leg raise sideward angle degree in the right and left leg were not statistically significant (p>0.05).
Conclusions. The study determined the level (norm values) of flexibility and mobility of female physical education students. The right leg flexibility and mobility level resulted to be significantly higher in comparison to the left leg.
Effect of different training models on motoric and swimming performance in prepubescent swimmers
Authors: Alagöz İsmet , Can Sema , Demirkan Erkan , Özkadı Tuğrul , Demir Emre 
Published: October 2021

Background and Study Aim. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of different training programs on the improvement of motoric and swimming performance prepubescent swimmers.
Material and Methods. Forty-five children between the ages of 9 -11 years with at least 2 years of training experiences, participated in the study. Three different [(1) dry-land with elastic resistance band group + swimming (ERB); (2) dry-land without elastic resistance band (DL) + swimming and (3) swimming group (SG) with swimming training alone] training group were formed. And a 12-week training program was implemented thought the study. Biceps, chest, waist, hip, thigh body circumference measurements were taken from all participants. Vertical jump (VJ), flexed-arm strength (FAS), speed, upper body strength (UBS), Standing horizontal jump (SHJ), flexibility, aerobic endurance (AE), balance, and 50 m freestyle swimming (FS) score were tested on the participants. As statistical analysis, normality and homogeneity of variance assumption were checked (Shapiro-Wilk and Levene tests, respectively). A non-normal distribution was found. The values of each variable were expressed as mean ± standard deviation, and median. The training effects within the groups were evaluated using analyses of Friedman for repeated measures and the level of significance was set at p<0.05 for all tests.
Results. There was a significant difference in SHJ, UBS, FAS, speed, and FS score among the assessment times 1-3 and 1-4 in both of ERB and DL training groups (p<0.05). ERB and DL training were significantly effective compared to the SG on VJ, FAS, speed, UBS, and freestyle swimming performance (p<0.05).
Conclusions: The study findings showed that DL training more effected relatively on motoric performance.
Factors that influence the intention of using an app in higher education
Authors: Rodrigues Martins Alex Sandro , Quintana Alexandre Costa , Gularte Quintana Cristiane 
Published: October 2021

The technology incorporation in the academic area results in changes in the way students see the subjects professors teach, as well as interferes with interpersonal relations, contributing to expanding the classroom beyond its physical environment. Therefore, it creates interactive learning environments in which the professor assumes a mediating role. Another consequence of technology insertion in education is the emergence of virtual tools that collaborate with student growth. With the use of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), this research aims to identify which factors influence the intention of using an application that provides tips for students about the subject discussed in class in the Undergraduate Program in Accounting of a Federal University in southern Brazil. This is descriptive research with a quantitative approach through primary data. Version 17.0 of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used, which analyzed the collected data to obtain a descriptive statistical analysis. Then, the database was imported into the Smart PLS statistical program (version 2.0) to empirically validate the hypotheses through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). In view of the results achieved, the conclusion was that the performance expectancy and social influence directly and significantly affected the intention of using the application. In addition, it is expected that this research will contribute to the academic community by supporting the inclusion of mobile technologies for the propagation of education beyond the classroom, thus enabling omnipresent education for society in general.
Ambientes diversificados em localizações próximas
Authors: Venturin Marilindi Leal , Batata Adriane Gomes Rodrigues 
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a qualidade das praças Dom Eduardo, Praça Rui Barbosa e Praça Castro Alves, localizadas no centro histórico no município de Ilhéus, BA a partir de indicadores que considerassem a escala humana. Essas praças se destacam por sua representatividade na história, memória e convívio da população local e fazem parte do roteiro turístico da cidade. Por isso, a qualidade desses espaços influencia tanto no cotidiano dos moradores como na atividade turística. Diante disso, O trabalho foi estruturado em 3 etapas, sendo a primeira a revisão bibliográfica para a seleção dos indicadores mais apropriados. Essa etapa contribuiu ainda na construção de um histórico das três praças a serem analisadas. Na segunda etapa foi realizada a visita de campo com deslocamento a pé para que as informações fossem coletadas a partir da escala/campo visual do usuário. Nessa vista foi aplicado um roteiro de observação que norteou a coleta de dados in loco e os registros fotográficos. Tais informações foram utilizadas na construção de mapas diagnósticos com o uso do software Google Earth. A sistematização e a análise dos dados, avaliados a partir dos indicadores selecionados, foram realizadas na terceira etapa. Foi possível identificar potencialidades e fragilidade de cada praça e constatar que embora esses espaços se localizem na área central e próximas umas das outras, existem especificidades associadas ao contexto histórico em que foram criadas que influenciam diretamente no uso e na qualidade desses espaços.
A insustentabilidade urbana derivada da baixa densidade no contexto da Amazônia legal mato-grossense
Authors: Sanches João Carlos Machado , Carignani Gisele , Daniel Lindomar Pegorini , Osti Jonathan 
Published: October 2021

A ocupação dispersa é um dos temas que vem dominando o debate sobre o tipo de ocupação territorial das cidades contemporâneas. O presente artigo incide sobre as problemáticas acerca da ocupação dispersa da cidade de Sinop durante o século XXI. Procura avaliar a densidade demográfica de Sinop dos anos 2004 a 2020, estudando as consequências da densidade encontrada, correlacionando-a com a sustentabilidade urbana, apontando possíveis soluções aos problemas encontrados. Foi percebido no estudo que a densidade da cidade se mantém entre 19 a 32 hab/ha nos últimos anos, enquanto a mancha urbana cresceu 65%. Isso faz com que os serviços públicos oferecidos sejam precários, com maiores custos de manutenção da infraestrutura e maiores emissões de gases poluentes. Como medidas corretivas, sugere-se a utilização da lei do solo criado e o IPTU progressivo, evitando assim uma maior especulação imobiliária.