bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BUD23–TRMT112 interacts with the L protein of Borna disease virus and mediates the chromosomal tethering of viral ribonucleoproteins
Authors: Garcia Bea Clarise B. , Horie Masayuki , Kojima Shohei , Makino Akiko , Tomonaga Keizo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPersistent intranuclear infection is an uncommon infection strategy among RNA viruses. However, Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV‐1), a nonsegmented, negative‐strand RNA virus, maintains viral infection in the cell nucleus by forming structured aggregates of viral ribonucleoproteins (vRNPs), and by tethering these vRNPs onto the host chromosomes. To better understand the nuclear infection strategy of BoDV‐1, we determined the host protein interactors of the BoDV‐1 large (L) protein. By proximity‐dependent biotinylation, we identified several nuclear host proteins interacting with BoDV‐1 L, one of which is TRMT112, a partner of several methyltransferases (MTases). TRMT112 binds with BoDV‐1 L at the RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase domain, together with BUD23, an 18S ribosomal RNA MTase and 40S ribosomal maturation factor. We then discovered that BUD23–TRMT112 mediates the chromosomal tethering of BoDV‐1 vRNPs, and that the MTase activity is necessary in the tethering process. These findings provide us a better understanding on how nuclear host proteins assist the chromosomal tethering of BoDV‐1, as well as new prospects of host–viral interactions for intranuclear infection strategy of orthobornaviruses.
Frequency‐dependent seismic properties in layered and fractured rocks with partial saturation
Authors: Xu Denghui , Han Tongcheng , Fu Li‐Yun 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTSeismic waves propagating in a fractured porous rock with fluids can be greatly attenuated due to the wave‐induced fluid flow, including the macroscopic Biot flow, the mesoscopic interlayer fluid flow and the microscopic squirt flow. However, the comprehensive effects of the above wave‐induced fluid flows on the frequency‐dependent seismic properties in layered and fractured rocks with partial saturation are still poorly understood. To obtain such knowledge, we present a superposition approach accounting for the dispersion and attenuation induced by the multi‐scale wave‐induced fluid flows in the above‐mentioned target rocks, and study the influences of the water saturation, layer thickness ratio and fracture properties (i.e. fracture density and fracture aspect ratio) on the frequency‐dependent vertical P‐wave velocity (VP0). The results demonstrate that the increasing water saturation enhances the dispersion and attenuation of VP0 in the full frequency band, and the varying layer thickness ratio not only affects the dispersion and attenuation induced by the interlayer fluid flow, but also influences those caused by the Biot flow and squirt flow. The fracture properties are also found to significantly impact the seismic properties of the target rock. In addition to its effects on the squirt flow, the increasing fracture density is shown to weaken the dispersion and attenuation induced by the Biot flow, and enhance those caused by the interlayer fluid flow. The obtained results provide new insights into the frequency‐dependent seismic properties in the partially saturated layered rocks with fractures, and the knowledge gained from these results has important practical applications for the successful interpretation of fluid and fracture properties applying the seismic exploration data acquired in fractured reservoirs.
Siliceous and non‐nutritious: Nitrogen limitation increases anti‐herbivore silicon defences in a model grass
Authors: Johnson Scott N. , Waterman Jamie M. , Wuhrer Richard , Rowe Rhiannon C. , Hall Casey R. , Cibils‐Stewart Ximena 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Silicon (Si) accumulation alleviates a diverse array of environmental stresses in many plants, including conferring physical resistance against insect herbivores. It has been hypothesised that grasses, in particular, utilise ‘low metabolic cost’ Si for structural and defensive roles under nutrient limitation. While carbon (C) concentrations often negatively correlate with Si concentrations, the relationship between nitrogen (N) status and Si is more variable. Moreover, the impacts of N limitation on constitutive physical Si defences (e.g. silica and prickle cells) against herbivores are unknown.

We determined how N limitation affected Si deposition in the model grass Brachypodium distachyon and how changes in these constitutive defences impacted insect herbivore Helicoverpa armigera growth rates. We used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry in conjunction with X‐ray mapping (XRM) to quantify physical structures on leaves and determine Si deposition patterns. We also determined how N limitation and Si supply impacted the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway, the master regulator of induced defences against arthropod herbivores.

N limitation reduced shoot growth by over 40%, but increased root mass (+21%), leaf Si concentrations (+50%) and the density of silica (+28%) and flattened prickle (+76%) cells. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and XRM established that Si was being deposited in these structures, together with hooked prickle cells and macro‐hairs. Herbivore relative growth rates (RGR) were more than 115% lower in Si‐supplied plants compared to plants without Si supply and negatively correlated with leaf Si concentration and silica cell density. RGR was further reduced by N limitation and positively correlated with leaf N concentrations. Increases in JA concentrations following induction of the JA pathway were at least doubled by N limitation.

Synthesis. Si accumulation and deposition were highly regulated by N availability, with N limitation promoting both constitutive Si physical defences and induction of the JA defensive pathway, in line with the resource availability hypothesis. These results indicate that grasses use ‘low‐cost Si’ when resources are limited and suggest that plant productivity may benefit from optimising conventional fertilisers and Si fertilisation.
Can Africa raise export competitiveness through economic complexity? Evidence from (non)‐parametric panel techniques
Authors: Olasehinde‐Williams Godwin , Oshodi Ayodele Folorunso 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEconomic complexity is an indicator of a nation's productive capabilities. It therefore determines the nature and quality of the products that a country can put up for exports. This suggests that building economic complexity can serve as a channel through which African countries can boost export competitiveness. To this end, the impact of economic complexity on the export volume of Africa's top 10 exporting countries which jointly account for about 78% of total trade volume on the continent for the period 2000–2018, is examined. Employing a parametric common correlated effects mean group estimation technique and a non‐parametric time‐varying model with fixed effects technique, this study shows that economic complexity is indeed a determinant of export competitiveness. However, its effect is not as powerful as those of GDP, real exchange rate, trade openness and foreign direct investment. This suggests that, although policies that emphasize economic complexity are useful, they should not be treated as stand‐alone policies. Instead, governments should adopt holistic trade policy reforms that take economic complexity into account, along with other factors such as exchange rates, economic growth, trade openness and foreign direct investment.
PLANETARY URBAN INVOLUTION IN THE TOKYO SUBURBS
Authors: Faier Lieba 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article explores how the encounter between different and unequally positioned trajectories of urbanization has resulted in extreme forms of migrant labor exploitation, recently identified as ‘human trafficking’. Specifically, it examines how a landscape of such exploitation developed in Japan between the late 1970s and early 2000s as Filipina migrants came to work in a growing sex industry for foreign women. In this article I bring a feminist ‘encounters approach’ to planetary urbanization theory to argue that this landscape of exploitation is the consequence of planetary urban involution, a dark dynamic produced through the frictive encounter of discrepantly focused urbanizations in Japan and the Philippines. In this process, as the excesses of postcolonial urbanization in the Philippines rub against those of urbanization in Japan, a former metropole, labor exploitation intensifies, involutes and grows tightly wound in tandem with contemporary geopolitical inequalities. Planetary urban involution thus evokes the grim consequences that occur as growing numbers of displaced and dispossessed postcolonial subjects are drawn into ‘developed’ and ‘globalized’ capitalist economies, where they are widely viewed as disposable workers. In this dynamic, power and domination are exercised at the interface of the discrepant configurations of desire and inequality produced through differently situated urbanization processes.
THE ‘CITY’ AS TEXT
Authors: Jazeel Tariq 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis commentary develops a postcolonial critique of urban studies, which it distinguishes and delineates from postcolonial urban studies. To do so it mobilizes tools from postcolonial literary theory, regional and area studies, and an older tradition of thinking in the new cultural geography from which the invocation of ‘the city as text’ stands as a methodological guidepost.
Pregnancy denial: a complex symptom with life context as a trigger? A prospective case–control study*
Authors: Delong H , Eutrope J , Thierry A , Sutter‐Dallay A‐L , Vulliez L , Gubler V , Saad Saint‐Gilles S , Tessier E , Le Foll J , Viaux S , Apter G , Danion A , Auer J , Rolland A‐C ,   the Pregnancy Denial Study Group
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo identify risk factors for a woman to experience pregnancy denial.Design, setting and populationA French multicentric prospective case–control study with 71 mother–infant dyads having experienced a pregnancy denial versus a control group of 71 dyads.MethodsData were collected in the week after delivery using an observational leaflet and two psychiatric scales (MINI and QSSP).Main outcome measuresStatistically significant differences between the two groups regarding social, demographic, medical and psychiatric data.ResultsNot being in a stable relationship (odds ratio [OR] 17.18, 95% CI 3.37–87.60]; P < 0.0001), not having a high school diploma (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.04–1.38]; P < 0.0001) and having a psychiatric history (OR 6.33, 95% CI 1.62–24.76; P = 0.0002) were risk factors to experience pregnancy denial, whereas being older was a protective factor (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.79–0.93; P = 0.0054) (logistic regression, Wald 95% CI). Other risk factors included late declarations of pregnancy history and past pregnancy denials (case n = 7, 9.7% versus 0% in controls; P = 0.01), past pregnancy denials in the family (case n = 13, 18% versus control n = 4, 5.6%; P = 0.03), and use of a contraceptive method (75% for cases versus 7% in control; P < 0.0001), primarily an oral contraceptive (75%).ConclusionFamily or personal history of pregnancy denial should be part of the systematic anamnesis during the first visit of a patient of child‐bearing age. Further, our study points out that life context (young age, single status, socio‐economic precarity, pill‐based contraception) could be a trigger for pregnancy denial in certain women.Tweetable abstractLife context can be a trigger for pregnancy denial.
Pulse‐based snacks as functional foods: Processing challenges and biological potential
Authors: Escobedo Alejandro , Mojica Luis 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDespite their high nutritional value and potential health benefits, pulse intake has not increased in the last three decades. Several strategies have been implemented to increase pulse consumption, such as their incorporation in bakery products, breakfast cereals, and snacks. The inclusion of pulses in these products could be an alternative to satisfy the consumers’ demand for healthy foods. However, pulse‐based snacks face important challenges, including reducing antinutritional factors, achieving consumer acceptance, and consolidating the pulse‐based snacks as functional foods. This review summarizes and discusses methods for producing snacks where cereals or tubers were replaced with at least 50% pulses. Also, it briefly assesses their effect on nutritional composition, antinutritional factors, sensory acceptance, and different health benefits evaluations. Extruded snacks exhibited high protein and dietary fiber and low fat content, contrary to the high fat content of deep fat–fried snacks. Meanwhile, baked snacks presented moderate concentrations of protein, dietary fiber, and lipids. Pulses must be pretreated using process combinations such as soaking, dehulling, cooking, fermentation, germination, and extrusion to reduce the antinutritional factors. Pulse‐based snacks show good sensory acceptance. However, sensory evaluation should be more rigorous using additional untrained judges. Several studies have evaluated the health benefits of pulse‐based snacks. More research is needed to validate scientifically the health benefits associated with their consumption. Pulse‐based snacks could be an alternative to improve the nutritional composition of commercially available snacks. The use of pulses as ingredients of healthier snacks represents an important alternative for the food industry due to their low cost, sensory characteristics, high nutritional profile, and environmental benefits.
Grading the severity of the rotator cuff tendinosis on MRI: Assessment of inter‐observer agreement and evaluation of a novel objective assessment tool
Authors: Pow Richard Eamon , Bokor Des , Deady Luke , D'Souza Mario , Ansari Salman 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionMRI is generally considered the modality of choice for the assessment of rotator cuff pathology including tendinosis. Assessment of severity is currently subjective primarily based on tendon morphology and signal intensity. Limited data are available evaluating the inter‐observer agreement regarding the assessment of tendinosis severity.MethodsOne hundred and twenty‐four patients were prospectively enrolled in the study. Patients included were referred to two private radiology practices for shoulder MRI for any reason. Two musculoskeletal radiologists assessed the severity of tendinosis independently. Supraspinatus tendon signal was evaluated with a ROI and compared to the adjacent deltoid muscle signal, generating a ratio of tendon: muscle signal, termed the ‘objective TM ratio’. The relationship between the subjective assessment of tendinosis severity and objective ratio was examined. Inter‐observer agreement was also calculated.ResultsTendinosis severity was graded as normal in 36 and 11 patients by readers 1 and 2, respectively, mild in 45 and 48 patients, moderate in 26 and 48 patients and severe in 10 and 10 patients. Inter‐observer agreement is classified as fair (0.31 kappa co‐efficient). Mean objective TM ratio increased on both the PD and TS F2 sequences as the subjective grade of tendinosis severity increased.ConclusionA novel means of evaluating rotator cuff tendinosis severity is presented, demonstrated to correlate with the subjective grade of tendinosis severity. Further research is required to assess the utility of such objective measurements across varying imaging protocols whilst understanding the inherent limitations with quantifying signal intensity on MRI.
A state‐wide study of dental comorbidities in psychiatric disorders resulting in avoidable emergency department presentations
Authors: Kisely S , Lalloo R 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAttendances at emergency departments (EDs) for dental conditions are unnecessary and come at a significant cost to health services.MethodsA population‐based record‐linkage analysis of a retrospective cohort over 2 years across state‐based facilities in Queensland. This was to determine if people with mental illness were more likely than the general population to attend EDs for a range of non‐traumatic or avoidable dental conditions.ResultsThere were 1 381 428 individuals in the linked database, of whom 177 157 (13%) had a psychiatric history and 22 046 (1.5%) had one or more avoidable dental presentations. These were toothache (n = 9619), dental abscesses (n = 8449), caries (n = 1826), stomatitis (n = 1213) and gum disease (n = 939). After adjusting for confounders, psychiatric patients were significantly more likely to present with toothache, dental abscesses and caries but not stomatitis or gum disease. Depending on the dental outcome, other risk factors were male sex, lower income, rurality and Indigenous status.ConclusionsGiven these findings, possible interventions should include an increased emphasis on assessing oral health in mental health or primary care, especially in non‐metropolitan areas, as well as early dental referral. Service planning for this population should including easier navigation of dental services, availability outside normal office hours and free outreach dental clinics.
Engineering a safe monoclonal anti‐human IL‐2 that is effective in a murine model of food allergy and asthma
Authors: Klein Martin , Misme‐Aucouturier Barbara , Cheminant Marie‐Aude , De Carvalho Marion , Wauters Marie , Tranquet Olivier , Magnan Antoine , Bouchaud Grégory 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundRegulatory T cells (Tregs) are known to protect against allergies. Moreover, the decrease in the frequency and efficiency of Tregs amplifies allergic symptoms.AimThis study investigated whether expanding Tregs in vivo with an IL‐2/IL‐2 antibody complex could be safe, well tolerated and efficient in a therapeutic setting in allergies.MethodsWe produced an anti‐IL‐2 antibody (1C6) and demonstrated that when it is complexed to human IL‐2, it increases IL‐2 efficiency to induce Tregs in vivo without any detectable side effects. Furthermore, the IL‐2/1C6 complex induces an increase in Helios expression by Tregs, suggesting that it not only elevated Treg numbers but also boosted their functions. Using mouse models of house‐dust‐mite‐induced airway inflammation and wheat‐gliadin‐induced food allergies, we investigated the therapeutic potential of the IL‐2/1C6 complex in allergies.ResultsIL‐2/1C6 treatment significantly reduced allergic symptoms, specific IgE production, the adaptive immune response and tissue damage. Interestingly, IL‐2/1C6 treatment modulated innate lymphoid cells by increasing ILC2s in asthma and decreasing ILC3s in food allergies.ConclusionIn conclusion,complexed IL‐2/anti‐IL‐2 may restore Treg numbers and function in respiratory and food allergies, thereby improving allergic markers and symptoms. Our IL‐2/anti‐IL‐2 complex offers new hope for reestablishing immune tolerance in patients with allergies.
EAACI Biologicals Guidelines—Omalizumab for the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria in adults and in the paediatric population 12–17 years old
Authors: Agache Ioana , Akdis Cezmi A. , Akdis Mubeccel , Brockow Knut , Chivato Tomas , del Giacco Stefano , Eiwegger Thomas , Eyerich Kilian , Giménez‐Arnau Ana , Gutermuth Jan , Guttman‐Yassky Emma , Maurer Marcus , Ogg Graham , Ong Peck Y. , O’Mahony Liam , Schwarze Jürgen , Warner Amena , Werfel Thomas , Palomares Oscar , Jutel Marek 
Published: July 2021

AbstractChronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) imposes a significant burden on patients, families and healthcare systems. Management is difficult, due to disease heterogeneity and insufficient efficacy of classical drugs such as H1R‐antihistamines. Better understanding of the mechanisms has enabled a stratified approach to the management of CSU, supporting the use of targeted treatment with omalizumab. However, many practical issues including selection of responders, the definition of response, strategies to enhance the responder rate, the duration of treatment and its regimen (in the clinic or home‐based) and its cost‐effectiveness still require further clarification. The EAACI Guidelines on the use of omalizumab in CSU follow the GRADE approach in formulating recommendations for each outcome. In addition, future therapeutic approaches and perspectives as well as research priorities are discussed.
2 Reconfiguring Market Economy: Dimensions of Exchange and Social Relations at Teotihuacan
Authors: Murakami Tatsuya 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTPolanyi's categorical models of exchange systems (reciprocity, redistribution, and market exchange) have provided a powerful tool for characterizing ancient (and modern) economies. While such models are useful in some respects, they obscure variations within each economic system and similarities between different systems. This chapter explores different dimensions of exchange, including market exchange, as a methodological framework for assessing the nature of exchange systems. Then, it examines the nexus of economy and social relations and provides a more nuanced understanding of the variations and commonalities of economic systems using a case study from Teotihuacan, the capital of a regional state in pre‐Contact Mesoamerica (150–600 CE). [exchange, market economy, Polanyi, consumption approach]
7 Distributional Heuristics in Unlikely Places: Incipient Markets and Hidden Commerce
Authors: Hutson Scott R. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTNew World households engaged in multiple forms of exchange: markets, redistribution, gifting, debt, reciprocity, and more. Determining the degree of prominence of each of these forms in ancient economies gives clues to the economic basis of leadership and the daily lives of households. A major method for inferring forms of exchange from household assemblages is Hirth's distributional approach. This paper applies the distributional approach to domestic inventories in two places where markets are unlikely: the Preclassic Maya in and around Ucí, Yucatan, Mexico; and Inka‐period settlements in the Upper Mantaro Valley, Peru. The data presented in this paper show an equitable distribution of fancy pottery among households of both high and low socio‐economic status in both areas. These somewhat unanticipated results could provoke several interpretations. At one extreme we could posit an important role for market exchange. At the other extreme, we could reject the logic of the distributional approach. This paper argues for a more circumspect track that uses additional lines of evidence to make inferences about incipient market exchange coincident with the rise of centralized leadership in the Maya area and poorly documented, possibly concealed market exchange nestled within Inka command economies. [Preclassic Maya, Inka economies, market exchange, households]
10 Wealth Inequality and Market Exchange: A Household‐Based Approach to the Economy of Late Classic Uxul, Campeche
Authors: Barnard Els 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTIn this article, I discuss the economic system of the Classic Maya Lowlands secondary urban center of Uxul, Campeche. In particular, I aim to understand Uxul's economy by taking a household‐based approach, focusing on the distribution of artifacts and wealth in domestic contexts. I integrate a distributional approach with an analysis of wealth inequality using the Gini index, and insights from the field of modern economics into the mechanisms responsible for the observed economic patterns. This allows for the identification and characterization of market exchange in a case study where physical marketplaces have not yet been identified.