bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ternary Nanocomposite of ZnFe2O4/α-Fe2O3/ZnO; Synthesis via Coprecipitation Method and Physical Properties Characterization
Authors: Shams Somayeh , Sheibanizadeh Zahra , Khalaj Zahra 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
ZnFe 2 O 4 /α-Fe 2 O 3 /ZnO ternary transition metal oxides nanocomposite powder was successfully synthesized by facile coprecipitation method directly from metalorganic precursors within 4 hours processing time considerably shorter than other reported methods. To study post-synthesis thermal treatment effects on physical properties calcination process was applied at 500 °C, 600 °C and 700 °C individually in furnace for one hour. The structure, phase formation, morphology and optical features of the samples were characterized by means of powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The results show formation of pure and homogeneous composites comprised of nanoparticles with good crystallization in narrow range of crystallite size between 25 nm-39 nm. The particle sizes were also estimated to be in the range of 48 nm - 93 nm. The optical property was studied by recording the absorbance spectrum in the range of 200 nm - 700 nm. The absorption pattern illustrated that the product can be driven by both UV and visible wavelengths with a good efficiency which is more desirable for intended applications like photocatalytic activities compare to the individual components. By using Tauc's method the allowed direct band gap energy and indirect band gap energy of the prepared nanocomposite was estimated to be around 2.28 eV and 2.75 eV, respectively.
Habitat Differences Affect the Nuclear Morphology of the Erythrocytes and the Hepatic Melanin in Leptodactylus Fuscus (Anura) in the Brazilian Cerrado Savanna
Authors: Assis Rhayane Alves , Rezende Wadson Rodrigues , Santos Cirley Gomes Araújo dos , Benvindo-Souza Marcelino , Amorim Nathan Pereira Lima , Borges Rinneu Elias , Franco-Belussi Lilian , De-Oliveira Classius , Santos Lia Raquel de Souza 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The sensitivity of anuran to the effects of habitat destruction and contamination has led to a preoccupying global decline in their populations. Morphological biomarkers such as micronuclei and other erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities (ENAs) and the occurrence of hepatic melanin can be used to evaluate the effects of habitat impacts. In the present study, these two procedures were combined for the in situ assessment of the effects of soybean cultivation on the grassfrog, Leptodactylus fuscus. Specimens were also collected from a protected area to provide a control (non-agricultural environment). The frequency of some nuclear abnormalities in the animals from the soybean plantation was much higher than the control, specifically, micronuclei were 3.6 times more frequent, while lobulated nuclei were 3.4 times more frequent, and reniform nuclei, four times more common. The combined analysis of all the ENAs also revealed a frequency approximately 1.4 times higher in the animals from the soybean plantation, in comparison with the protected area. Smaller areas of hepatic melanin were observed in the specimens from the soybean plantation. These results provide further evidence of the sensitivity of anurans to habitat impacts, and indicate that animals found in soybean plantations are susceptible to systematic alterations of the cells.
Verification of a Leaf Litter Decomposition Model Based on Long-term Field Trials in Gongga Mountain, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China&nbsp;
Authors: Tang Ronggui , DeLuca Thomas H. , Cai Yanjiang , Sun Shouqin , Luo Ji 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background and aimsAlthough litter decomposition is a vital soil ecosystem process in forest ecosystems, most decomposition models are based on short-term decomposition experiments. Prediction of long-term decomposition dynamics using short-term decomposition models may lead to unreliable results. A leaf-litter decomposition model was evaluated and verified using a long-term field trial in Gongga Mountain, on the eastern flank of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. Methods A 90-month experiment employing 360 broad-leaf litter (five species) samples were conducted using the litterbag method at three elevations (2250 m, 2780 m and 3000 m a.s.l.) in Gongga Mountain. The remaining litter mass was measured to fit a mathematical decomposition model by different exponential functions (two-, three-, four- and six-parameters) and akaike information criterion (AIC). ResultsThe four-parameter model (B) employed for each litter type among the four functions showed the highest R2 and lowest AIC value. The fast and slow decomposition rate constant (kf and ks) for a given litter at 2250 m was higher than that observed at 3000 m. Conclusions﻿These results indicated that the four-parameter exponential function (two-pool model) was recommended as a suitable decomposition model of long-term broadleaf litter decomposition at different elevations on Gongga Mountain.
Pseudomonas Can Prevent the Parasitic Fungus, While Keeping the Crop Fungus Unaffected, in the Gardens of Odontotermes Obesus.
Authors: Agarwal Renuka , Gupta Manisha , Antony Abin , Sen Ruchira , Raychoudhury Rhitoban 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Insects that farm monocultures of fungi are canonical examples of nutritional symbiosis as well as independent evolution of agriculture in non-human animals. But just like in human agriculture, these fungal crops face constant threat of invasion by weeds which, if unchecked, takes over the crop fungus. In fungus-growing termites, the crop fungus (Termitomyces) faces such challenges from the parasitic fungus Pseudoxylaria. The mechanism by which Pseudoxylaria is suppressed is not known. However, evidence suggests that some bacterial secondary symbionts can serve as defensive mutualists by preventing the growth of Pseudoxylaria. However, such secondary symbionts must possess the dual, yet contrasting, capabilities of suppressing the weedy fungus while keeping the growth of the crop fungus unaffected. This study describes the isolation, identification and culture-dependent estimation of the roles of several such putative defensive mutualists from the colonies of the wide-spread fungus-growing termite from India, Odontotermes obesus. From the 38 bacterial cultures tested, a strain of Pseudomonas showed significantly greater suppression of the weedy fungus than the crop fungus. Moreover, a 16S rRNA pan-microbiome survey, using the Nanopore platform, revealed Pseudomonas to be a part of the core microbiota of Odontotermes obesus. A meta-analysis of microbiota composition across different species of Odontotermes also confirms the wide-spread prevalence of Pseudomonas within this termite. These evidence indicate that Pseudomonas could be playing the role of defensive mutualist within Odontotermes.
Effect of Bi2+ ions on the photoluminescence properties of BaTiO3:Dy3+ perovskite phosphors for LEDs application
Authors: A ARULMOZHI , Vishista K. , Lakshmi G.Suba 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A series of (Ba1-xBi0.01)TiO3 doped with Dy3+ ions of varying concentrations is prepared by single step solid state reaction that promulgates solid state lighting device applications. The cubic phase perovskite structure of the prepared samples is determined by the Powder X-ray diffraction results. The emission spectra show evidence of intensive peaks at 572 nm attributing to the 4F9/2 to 6H15/2 of Dy3+ ions. Dy3+ doped phosphors (Ba1-xBi0.01) TiO3: xDy3+ (x= 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.07) exhibit yellow emission and the highest intensity of emission demarcates the optimum concentration of Ba1-xBi0.01TiO3:0.05Dy3+. SEM studies to assess the surface morphologies alongside the elemental analyses from Energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) extensively for optimal concentration have been ventured. The Commission International De I-Eclairage (CIE) and Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) analyses authenticate the present phosphor genuine for fabricating light emitting diodes.
Ablation Threshold Measurement and Chemical Modification of UV Nanosecond Laser Micromachining of Polycrystalline Diamond
Authors: Ullah Naveed , Cui Jianlei , Fan Zhengjie , Mei Xuesong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In recent years, the influence of pulsed laser interaction with material has become a research hotspot. The micromachining of polycrystalline diamond with pulsed laser is a very important research direction. This study scrutinized the ablation threshold and chemical modification of PCD irradiated by UV nanosecond laser, which were not investigated before. Irradiated a bulk PCD in air using a UV nanosecond laser source to perform multi-pulse processing at a wavelength of 355nm. Based on the linear relation between the laser pulse energy density with crater diameter the Gaussian distribution of the laser intensity on the cross-section the ablation threshold of PCD was determined to be about 3.7326 J/cm2. And also investigated that the photochemical processing of UV nanosecond laser irradiation of PCD the sp3 structure transforms to the sp2 graphite phase. So, this study contributes a theoretical and experimental reference for the UV nanosecond laser micromachining of PCD material in research and manufacturing industries.
Impact of Split and Re-Entrant Type Piston Bowl Geometry Fuelled with Pre Heated Diesel and Biodiesel on a Compression Ignition Engine Characteristics
Authors: Gowda Mohan Das Akkur Neele , Shivanand Hanumanahalli Kambadarangappa , Gangaiah Harish , Bytarangaiah Bhaskar Hindisigere , Doddaiah Jagannatha Tumkur , Nagaraj Shreyas 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The present investigation is carried out on biodiesel practicability over the existing non-renewable fuel due to its environmental dilapidation effect and oil crisis. Biodiesel was extracted from crude oil by transesterification, and its properties have been compared with those of neat diesel according to ASTM standards. Then, the blends of biodiesel are prepared for experimental analysis. Experimental results from our previous research study, the best blend was optimized. Then, the standard CI engine with Hemispherical Piston Bowl Geometry (HPBG) is modified to Toroidal or Split type Piston Bowl Geometry (TPBG) and Re-Entrant Piston Bowl Geometry (RPBG). Experimental works were carried out for preheated optimized blend, neat diesel with modified Piston Bowl Geometries. The engine characteristics results were compared with these altered conditions. The modified PBG with preheated biodiesel blend resulted in better Performance and Combustion characteristics. The preheated biodiesel blends indicated significant depletion in the emission of harmful particulate matter such as CO, NOx, and unburnt Hydrocarbons.
Female Drivers’ Attitudes and Behavior Regarding Traffic Regulations in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Authors: Wahaq Abdulrahman Bin , Bawazir Amen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are of great concern, as they have the second-highest fatality rate in the world. This is also true in Saudi Arabia. Objectives: This study aims to identify whether females in Riyadh commonly have aggressive, dangerous driving behavior.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was used to collect data from female car drivers in Riyadh City. A validated Dulla index was used as the instrument to identify the level of aggressive, dangerous driving behavior among the study participants.Results: The participants comprised 407 females. The majority were in the age group of younger than 30 years (44.5%), married (54.8%), at university (44.7%), house owners with personal property (64.1%), employees (63.6%), and with a middling monthly income (32.2%). The sum of the scores from the Dula Dangerous Driving Index (DDDI) was categorized into “inadequate” and “adequate”. The overall prevalence for the inadequate index was 48.4% for the negative cognitive/emotional driving (NCED) subscale, 42.3% for the aggressive driving (AD) subscale, and 48.2% for the risky driving (RD) subscale.Conclusion: Generally, all of the females who participated in this study had reasonably good knowledge of traffic rules and regulations based on the DDDI. This research is essential for decision-makers to formulate and set priorities for enhancing adherence to traffic regulations for the safety of the community.
Dense hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy with cisplatin in patients with stage III serous epithelial ovarian cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: He Xiaoli , Wei Li , Li Rui , Jing Shuang , Jia Linlin , Ji Danwei , Li Yali , Wang Yue , Zhu Yongxia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and safety of interval debulking surgery (IDS) combined with dense hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) with cisplatin in Chinese patients with FIGO stage III serous epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).Methods: This retrospective single-center study reviewed the demographic and clinical data of 197 patients with primary FIGO stage III serous EOC who were treated with IDS with (n=121) or without (n=76, control group) dense HIPEC between January 2012 and April 2017. The co-primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), and the secondary endpoint was the occurrence of adverse events.Results: The median PFS was 24 months in the IDS plus dense HIPEC group, whereas it was 19 months in the IDS alone group (hazard ratio [HR] 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.33-0.65, p=0.000). The median OS in patients treated with IDS plus dense HIPEC (51 months) was significantly longer than that in patients treated with IDS alone (40 months, HR 0.52, 95% CI: 0.35-0.78, p=0.001). The demographic and preoperative clinical characteristics of these two groups were comparable (p>0.05). In the IDS alone group, no adverse events were recorded in 42 (55.3%) of the 76 patients, and 14 (18.4%) patients were reported to have grade III/IV adverse events. In the IDS plus dense HIPEC group, no adverse events were recorded in 55 (45.5%) of the 121 patients, and 23 (19.0%) patients were reported to have grade III/IV adverse events. No postoperative deaths occurred within 30 days in either group and neither did severe fatal complications in the IDS plus dense HIPEC group.Conclusion: IDS plus dense HIPEC with cisplatin in Chinese patients with FIGO stage III serous EOC is associated with improved survival and is reasonably well tolerated by patients.
A Modified Method to Calculate Dual Isotope Slopes for the Natural Attenuation of Organic Pollutants in the Environment
Authors: Feng Jin-Ru , Ni Hong-Gang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Two-dimensional compound specific isotope analysis has become a powerful tool to distinguish reaction mechanism. Lambda (Λ), an essential and important parameter for processing two-dimensional isotope fractionation data, is specific to a reaction mechanism. In the present article, we modified the existing algorithms for Lambdas based on the review of the current methods. Specifically, through regressing [(1000+δE0,2)*(n1*x2)*ΔδEbulk,1] versus [(1000+δE0,1)*(n2*x1)*ΔδEbulk,2] by York method, a novel method was developed to calculate Λs. The improved method eliminates both the influence of non-reacting position and the initial isotope signatures. Furthermore, this method retains the advantages of two-dimension isotope plot, which eliminates contributions from commitment to catalysis, no need to determine fraction of remaining substrate and can be constructed even from filed data. At the same time, one sample t test is applied to generate 95% confidence interval of data set of Λris for various reaction mechanisms. The range of 5.67-24.8, 8.54-9.80, 0.51-8.35, 25.2-36.8, 7.09-21.9 are responsible for oxidation of C-H bonds (ZC=1, ZH=3), oxidation of C-H bonds (ZC=1,ZH=4), aerobic biodegradation of benzene (ZC=6,ZH=6), methanogenic or sulfate-reducing biodegradation of benzene (ZC=6,ZH=6), and nitrate-reducing biodegradation of benzene (ZC=6,ZH=6). The accumulation and correction of these values will make the data measured in the field easier to interpret.
Modelling Transmission of Hexavalent Chromium Concentration and Its Health Cost with a Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program
Authors: Chen Ying-Chu , Tseng Chao-Heng , Chen Yun-Ting 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study the Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP7) was used to evaluate the transmission of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) contamination in a water–sediment system and its flux into cultivated soils. The agricultural areas adjacent to the Wu River in Taiwan were taken as the study area, as these soils were found to be heavily polluted with Cr(VI) concentrations of 3,271–16,799 μg/kg. It was found that the rates of accumulation of Cr(VI) are affected by the distance from the source of contamination and the size and type of cultivated areas. Specifically, maximum concentrations of Cr(VI) most rapidly accumulated in the smallest cultivated areas. The highest concentrations of Cr(VI) (4.27 mg/kg) were detected in soil from Changhua city, and correlated with the greater risk of gastric cancer in residents from this area. Specifically, the risk of gastric cancer due to Cr(VI) contamination of agricultural soil was 3X10-7-15.2X10-6 in Taichung city (upstream) and 1.3X10-6-76.3X10-6 in Changhua county (downstream). More worryingly, young children had a threefold greater risk of gastric cancer than adults. The values of statistical life-years (VSLYs) were US$6.2–10 million for rice, US$42–60 million for corn, and US$360–580 million for other vegetables, respectively, each year. It is critical that techniques other than source reduction are used to reduce health costs associated with human exposure to Cr(VI), such as chemical oxidation or ion-exchange treatment to remove Cr(VI) from factory wastewaters, prior to their discharge into rivers.
A Novel Study on The Effects of Minimum Quantity Lubrication and Machining Parameters in Turning of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy By Applying Al2O3-Graphene Hybrid Nanoparticle Enriched Cutting Fluid
Authors: Wattoo Kashif Riaz , Khan Muhammad Zubair , Israr Asif , Amin Muhammad 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) very small amount of cutting fluids are used. Currently, nanoparticles are added into cutting fluids to magnify the cooling and lubricating properties. Several studies are available on MQL to check the machining performance in terms of cooling and lubrication using nanofluids like Ag, SiO2, MoS2, Al2O3, Cu and MWCNT. However, limited evidences are available in applying hybrid nanoparticles in machining processes. Present research investigates the effect of hybridization of two different nanofluids on machining performance in turning operation of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Moreover, machineability was evaluated and analyzed by performing turning using minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) cooling technique. Cutting temperature and surface roughness of machined surface were taken as technological performance parameters to evaluate the machinability of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Hybridization was performed by mixing alumina based nanofluid into graphene nanoparticles in a fixed volumetric proportion 80:20 using vegetable oil as base fluid. Additionally, machining performance was evaluated by preparing hybrid nanofluid in different concentrations like (0.25,0.50,0.75 and 1.00vol%) and tested for thermophysical properties before experimentation. Significant improvements in thermophysical properties were observed during hybridization of Al2O3 and Graphene. For parametric optimization and design of experiment, Taguchi orthogonal array has been employed. Machining performance of vegetable oil base alumina-graphene hybrid nanofluid was compared with monotype alumina based nanofluid and a significant reduction cutting temperature and surface roughness was observed respectively.
An Application of Mixture Oil of Syzygium Aromaticum(Clove) and Anethum Graveolens (Dill or Sowa) As An Alternative of Salphos For Food Seed Storage of Chickpea
Authors: Kumar Narendra , KHURANA PROF SM PAUL , PANDEY VN 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Mycological investigations of 25 seed samples of stored chick pea (Cicer arietinum L.) from grocery stores of Gurgaon and Gorakhpur revealed occurrence of seventeen fungal species belonging to genus viz., Alternaria , Aspergillus, Chaetomium,Colletotrichum, Curvularia, Fusarium,Penicillium,Rhizopus,Rhizoctonia, and Sclerotium. In these Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Fusarium oxysporum had dominance in terms of per cent occurrence.Only one species of Bruchid (Callosobruchus chinensis L) occurred in all the 25 samples.The biodeterioration of seeds inoculated with fungi : A. flavus, A. niger ,F.oxysporum and the insect – C. chinensis, revealed their role in seed deterioration. For chickpea food seed protection essential oils were extracted from edible commodity(Lavang(clove bud) and sowa leaf). Lavang oil registered highest antifungal activity inhibiting (100%) mycelial growth of fungi, viz. species Aspergillus flavus, A. niger,Fusarium oxysporum at 300ppm but was fungicidal at 400ppm. Sowa oil showed complete inhibition at 400ppm and was fungicidal at 500ppm.While mixture of both the oils showed complete inhibition (100%) and fungicidal action at 400ppm against the dominant fungi.The oils showed 100% insect repellent activity and were found fungicidal at 0.02ml dose and also insecticidal .The mixture of oils was cidal at 0.02ml dose.The mixture of oils showed a broad antifungal spectrum at 500ppm while only 70-93% inhibitory activity at 300ppm.The oils' mixture's activity was not affected by temp,storage and autoclaving up to 150 days.Oils physico-chemical properties were studied. GC-MS analysis of Lavang oil depicted major components: 75.63 %eugenol while sowa leaf oil had 25.14% apiole. Formulation of Mixture of oils was more effective showing complete seed protection i.e.no growth of fungi and insects upto 150 days storage than salphos (150 days). While salphos controlled only maximum three fungi (A.terreus,C.dematium,F.moniliforme).The formulated oils mixture did not have any adverse effect on the chickpea seeds and increased their shelf life.
Heavy metals in the sediments of the Nile Delta: Anthropogenic-induced hydrologic changes
Authors: Abdelhady Ahmed Awad , Salem Salem Ghonamy , Khalil Mahmoud 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems act directly or indirectly as sinks for heavy metals, which persists for longer times in the biogeochemical cycle and poses high ecological risks and thus, it represents a major worldwide concern. To evaluate the metal contamination in the Nile Delta, twenty sites along both Rosetta and Damietta branches were investigated. Most heavy metals concentrations are above the sediments quality guidelines. The Contamination Factor (CF), Pollution Load index (PLI), and geo-accumulation index (I geo) indicated that the sediments are moderately to extremely polluted by Ni, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn. A trend of increasing metals concentration towards the Mediterranean was observed and attributed to historical sinking of heavy metals in the sediment, where many agricultural drains bringing mixed wastewater. Cluster analyses support the latter and indicated that the heavy metals, which clustered together, may have the same source (i.e. anthropogenic). Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling, Analysis of Similarity (ANOSIM), and Partial Least Square (PLS) regression confirmed that the distance along the river is the major predictor of the observed metal concentrations, while sediment grain–size has no or very minor effect. The lower hydrodynamics associated with the construction of Aswan High-Dam in 1964 and the developed agricultural system in addition to arid climate with scarce rainfall, all leave no chance for natural annual flooding. Therefore, freshening up of the sediments was prohibited. The marinating of well-controlled flooding may erode the upper contaminated portion of river sediments, dilute the metal concentrations, and improve the sediments quality.