bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Network pharmacology modeling identifies synergistic interaction of therapeutic and toxicological mechanisms for Tripterygium hypoglaucum Hutch
Authors: Zhang Dan , Dong Yizhu , Lv Jintao , Zhang Bing , Zhang Xiaomeng , Lin Zhijian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Tripterygium hypoglaucum Hutch (THH) both has prominent efficacy and unwarranted toxicity in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Nevertheless, its pharmacological and toxicological profiles still remain to be elucidated. In the current study, the network pharmacology approach was applied to identify synergistic interaction and mechanism of efficacy and toxicity for THH from a holistic perspective.

Methods
The compounds from THH were collected using literature retrieval and relevant databases. After the production of putative therapeutic targets for dominant diseases and harmful targets of adverse reactions (ADRs) induced by THH, the protein-protein interactions (PPIs), topological analysis and pathway enrichment were established to distinguish the hub targets and pathways. Additionally, the binding activity of candidate ingredients with core targets were revealed by molecular docking simulation.

Results
A total of eight bioactive components in THH were enrolled, and 633 targets were responsible for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 1067 targets were corresponding to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 1318 targets of ADRs were obtained. The results of enrichment analysis among THH-RA, THH-SLE and THH-ADR networks indicated that pathway in cancer, hepatitis B, rheumatoid arthritis, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway might participate in THH for treating RA and SLE. Besides, the mechanism of ADRs that induced by THH were associated with viral carcinogenesis, p53 signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and so on. Whereas, these active ingredients of THH exerted the superior binding activities with crucial targets including STAT3, VEGFA, TP53 and MMP9 that functioned synergistically efficacy and toxicity as observed via molecular docking simulation.

Conclusion
The present research preliminarily interpreted the synergistic interaction of therapeutic and toxicological mechanisms for THH through the comprehensive analysis of relationship and binding activity between primary components and core targets, providing a feasible and promising approach to facilitate the development of toxic and irreplaceable herbs.
Seasonality of acute kidney injury in a tertiary hospital academic center: an observational cohort study
Authors: Lombardi Gianmarco , Gambaro Giovanni , Pertica Nicoletta , Naticchia Alessandro , Bargagli Matteo , Ferraro Pietro Manuel 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
The aim of our study was to describe seasonal trends of acute kidney injury (AKI) and its relationship with weather conditions in a hospitalized population.

Methods
We retrospectively collected demographic (age, sex), clinical (ICD-9-CM codes of diagnosis discharge) and laboratory data (creatinine values) from the inpatient population admitted to Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS between January 2010 and December 2014 with inclusion of all patients ≥18 years with at least two values available for creatinine. The outcome of interest was AKI development, defined according to creatinine kinetics criteria. The exposures of interest were the months and seasons of the year; air temperature and humidity level were also evaluated. Log-binomial regression models adjusted for age, sex, eGFR, comorbidities, Charlson/Deyo index score, year of hospitalization were used to estimate risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidential intervals (CI).

Results
A total of 64,610 patients met the inclusion criteria. AKI occurred in 2864 (4.4%) hospital admissions. After full adjustment, winter period was associated with increased risk of AKI (RR 1.16, 95% CI 1.05, 1.29, p=0.003). Lower air temperature and higher humidity level were associated with risk of AKI, however in multivariable-adjusted models only higher humidity level showed a significant and independent association.

Conclusions
AKI is one of the most common complications of hospitalized populations with a defined seasonal pattern and a significant increase in incidence during wintertime; weather conditions, particularly higher humidity level, are independent predictors of AKI and could partially justify the observed seasonal variations.
“I can’t live like that”: the experience of caregiver stress of caring for a relative with substance use disorder
Authors: Maina Geoffrey , Ogenchuk Marcella , Phaneuf Taryn , Kwame Abukari 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
The impact of addiction extends beyond the individual using a substance. Caring for an individual with addiction creates persistent stressful circumstances that cause worry, anger, depression, shame, guilt, anxiety, and behavioral problems within the family unit.

The aim of the study
The paper aims to explore the experiences of caring for a relative with a substance use disorder (SUD) and self-care strategies caregivers employ.

Methods
The study adopted an exploratory qualitative design. To be included in the study, participants were required to have a relative with a (SUD) disorder and not be actively using the substance themselves. Individual interviews were conducted to gather their experiences, meanings, and how they made sense of caring for a relative with a SUD.

Results
Twenty one participants were involved in the study, of which 17 were women, and four were men of which there had a sister, four had a brother, eight had a parent, six had a dependent, and one participant had a grandparent with a SUD. Four themes, whose overarching focus is the pains of living and caring for a family with a SUD, caused the participants and how the participants mitigated these experiences

Conclusion
The stress associated with caring for individuals with a SUD impacts the caregiver’s physical and mental health. Specific care modalities targeting caregivers need to be developed to address the health impact and to support self-care.
Repair cell first, then regenerate the tissues and organs
Authors: Fu Xiao-Bing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWound healing, tissue repair and regenerative medicine are in great demand, and great achievements in these fields have been made. The traditional strategy of tissue repair and regeneration has focused on the level of tissues and organs directly; however, the basic process of repair at the cell level is often neglected. Because the cell is the basic unit of organism structure and function; cell damage is caused first by ischemia or ischemia-reperfusion after severe trauma and injury. Then, damage to tissues and organs occurs with massive cell damage, apoptosis and even cell death. Thus, how to achieve the aim of perfect repair and regeneration? The basic process of tissue or organ repair and regeneration should involve repair of cells first, then tissues and organs. In this manuscript, it is my consideration about how to repair the cell first, then regenerate the tissues and organs.
A case report of mucinous adenocarcinoma derived from intra-ampullary papillary-tubular neoplasm with a malignant course
Authors: Fujita Hiroaki , Ishido Keinosuke , Kimura Norihisa , Wakiya Taiichi , Nagase Hayato , Yoshizawa Tadashi , Haga Toshihiro , Goto Shintaro , Kijima Hiroshi , Hakamada Kenichi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Intra-ampullary papillary-tubular neoplasm (IAPN) has been classified as a Vater papillary tumor. The prognosis of IAPN is generally relatively good. Here, we describe a patient with a mucinous adenocarcinoma cluster in the Vater papilla of IAPN origin.

Clinical presentation
The patient was a 66-year-old man who was admitted to our hospital after a diagnosis of pancreatic head carcinoma based on a pancreatic duct dilatation found on abdominal ultrasound. CT showed a 40 mm lesion in the pancreatic head and expansion of the main pancreatic duct to a maximum diameter of 9 mm on the caudal side of the lesion. The extrahepatic bile duct had also expanded to a maximum diameter of 8 mm. PET/CT showed fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) accumulation of SUVmax 6.02 that corresponded to the tumor in the pancreatic head, though it did not suggest distant metastasis. The patient was diagnosed with pancreatic head carcinoma T3 N0 M0 Stage IIA and underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy. Pathology indicated that the tumor in the pancreatic head was a benign inflammatory lesion. On the other hand, the papillotubular tumor pervading the lumen in the duodenal papillary common channel met the criteria for IAPN, and a mucinous adenocarcinoma cluster found in the surrounding stroma suggested malignant transformation of IAPN. No metastasis to lymph nodes was demonstrated. With regard to the mucus phenotype of each lesion, the IAPN was MUC2 and MUC5AC positive, while the mucinous adenocarcinoma was MUC2-positive and MUC5AC-negative. In addition, CD10 was negative in both lesions, suggesting that mucus transformation from the gastric type to the intestinal type was a key element. A blood test 10 months after surgery showed increased CA19-9 (105 U/mL) and CEA (7.1 ng/mL). Abdominal CT showed multiple cystoid nodes in the liver, which were diagnosed as multiple liver metastases of mucinous adenocarcinoma transformed from the IAPN.

Conclusions
We reported a case with IAPN that developed in the Vater papilla, which took an extremely malignant course. IAPN generally has a good prognosis, but it is important to understand that a malignant course may occur.
Diagnosis of Behçet’s disease: clinical characteristics, diagnostic criteria, and differential diagnoses
Authors: Kiafar Mina , Faezi Seyedeh Tahereh , Kasaeian Amir , Baghdadi Azarakhsh , Kakaei Sahar , Mousavi Seyed Ali , Nejadhosseinian Mohammad , Shahram Farhad , Ghodsi Seyedeh Zahra , Shams Hormoz , Davatchi Fereydoun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
The diagnosis of Behçet disease (BD) is challenging in many cases. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of patients at a referral BD clinic.

Methods
In a retrospective study, we collected data from patients at a national referral Behçet clinic from November 2018–August 2019. A BD diagnosis was confirmed (BD group) or ruled out (Non-BD group), and the two groups were compared for differences.

Results
A total of 238 patients satisfied the inclusion criteria. Forty patients (16.8%) were finally diagnosed with BD. Ocular and genital lesions were significantly more prevalent in the BD group. A positive pathergy test and HLA-B51 were also significantly more common in BD. However, oral lesions, articular involvement, and gastrointestinal manifestations were similar between groups. Also, patients with BD were significantly more likely to have multi-organ (≥2 organ systems) involvement.

Conclusions
Being the first study to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients who are visited at a referral BD clinic and are believed to have a high probability of Behçet, the results of this study are important from an epidemiological standpoint. Also, the findings of this study could be used by referral Behçet clinics, which evaluate and diagnose patients with a high pretest probability and atypical presentations of BD on a daily basis. The alternative diagnoses established in this study could be used as the list of the most common differential diagnoses for Behçet’s disease.
Lignocellulose aerogel and amorphous silica nanoparticles from rice husks
Authors: Wei Zichao , Smith Andrew T. , Tait William R. T. , Liu Jingjing , Ding Hao , Wang Hui , Wang Weixing , Sun Luyi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRice Husks (RHs) are one of the most abundant sources of biomass in the world due to rice consumption. Lignocellulose and silica are two of the main components of RHs, which allow RHs to be applied in different areas. Lignocellulose can be partially dissolved in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl), which is a simple way of competing with the traditional extraction methods that suffer from high chemical consumption. A lignocellulose freeze gel is obtained via a cyclic liquid nitrogen freeze-thaw (NFT) process. Multi-functional self-assembled lignocellulose aerogel is obtained after CO2supercritical drying. Based on the aerogel’s special properties, two routes are developed for practical applications. On one hand, the aerogel is coated to exhibit a superhydrophobic property that can be applied as an absorbent for oil spills. On the other hand, a carbon aerogel is synthesized via a pyrolysis process, resulting in a porous amorphous carbon. The residue after partially dissolving lignocellulose in BMIMCl is further calcined to obtain amorphous silica nanoparticles, achieving a comprehensive application of RHs.Graphical abstract
Five-Year Outcomes From the Randomized, Phase III Trials CheckMate 017 and 057: Nivolumab Versus Docetaxel in Previously Treated Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Borghaei Hossein , Gettinger Scott , Vokes Everett E. , Chow Laura Q. M. , Burgio Marco Angelo , de Castro Carpeno Javier , Pluzanski Adam , Arrieta Oscar , Frontera Osvaldo Arén , Chiari Rita , Butts Charles , Wójcik-Tomaszewska Joanna , Coudert Bruno , Garassino Marina Chiara , Ready Neal , Felip Enriqueta , García Miriam Alonso , Waterhouse David , Domine Manuel , Barlesi Fabrice , Antonia Scott , Wohlleber Markus , Gerber David E. , Czyzewicz Grzegorz , Spigel David R. , Crino Lucio , Eberhardt Wilfried Enst Erich , Li Ang , Marimuthu Sathiya , Brahmer Julie 
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In two phase III trials (CheckMate 017 and CheckMate 057), nivolumab showed an improvement in overall survival (OS) and favorable safety versus docetaxel in patients with previously treated, advanced squamous and nonsquamous NSCLC, respectively. We report 5-year pooled efficacy and safety from these trials. METHODS Patients (N = 854; CheckMate 017/057 pooled) with advanced NSCLC, ECOG PS ≤ 1, and progression during or after first-line platinum-based chemotherapy were randomly assigned 1:1 to nivolumab (3 mg/kg once every 2 weeks) or docetaxel (75 mg/m2 once every 3 weeks) until progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary end point for both trials was OS; secondary end points included progression-free survival (PFS) and safety. Exploratory landmark analyses were investigated. RESULTS After the minimum follow-up of 64.2 and 64.5 months for CheckMate 017 and 057, respectively, 50 nivolumab-treated patients and nine docetaxel-treated patients were alive. Five-year pooled OS rates were 13.4% versus 2.6%, respectively; 5-year PFS rates were 8.0% versus 0%, respectively. Nivolumab-treated patients without disease progression at 2 and 3 years had an 82.0% and 93.0% chance of survival, respectively, and a 59.6% and 78.3% chance of remaining progression-free at 5 years, respectively. Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were reported in 8 of 31 (25.8%) nivolumab-treated patients between 3–5 years of follow-up, seven of whom experienced new events; one (3.2%) TRAE was grade 3, and there were no grade 4 TRAEs. CONCLUSION At 5 years, nivolumab continued to demonstrate a survival benefit versus docetaxel, exhibiting a five-fold increase in OS rate, with no new safety signals. These data represent the first report of 5-year outcomes from randomized phase III trials of a programmed death-1 inhibitor in previously treated, advanced NSCLC.
Current trends in the adoption and education of cone beam computed tomography and panoramic radiography machines across Australia
Authors: Lam May , Critchley Simon , Zhang Alyssa , Monsour Paul 
Published: January 2021

Objectives: This is a follow-up study to assess growth in the number of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and panoramic radiography (PR) machines in Australia. It is also the first study to evaluate the current status of both CBCT and PR education in Australia. Methods: CBCT and PR machine numbers were obtained from the radiation regulators across Australia. Australian dental schools were surveyed via email. The number of machines relative to population size and the number of dentists were calculated. Results: In 2020, there were 706 CBCT machines and 3,059 PR machines, representing a 204.3% increase in the number of CBCT machines and an 82.0% increase in the number of PR machines over six years. Majority of Australian dental schools owned PR and CBCT machines. Most taught PR acquisition and interpretation, however only one-third taught CBCT image acquisition and interpretation to predoctoral students. Conclusions: CBCT machine numbers increased by nearly three-fold while PR machines only increased by 1.6 times over a six-year period relative to population size and number of dentists. Only very few Australian dental schools provide CBCT education to predoctoral students, raising concern as to whether graduates are adequately trained upon program completion.
Tectonics from topography: constraining spatial and temporal landscape response rates to Teton fault activity using low-T thermochronology, quantitative geomorphology, and limnogeologic analyses
Authors: Thigpen Ryan , McGlue Michael M. , Woolery Edward , Swallom Meredith 
Published: January 2021

Understanding how landscapes respond to tectonic and climatic forcing over a range of timescales remains a top priority for studies in tectonics, geomorphology, and geodynamics. To examine this, we are attempting to separate signals that define uplift, drainage incision, and sediment flux at multiple timescales (107 to 102 yrs). The Teton Range serves as an ideal natural laboratory for filtering this interplay due to its comparatively small size and consistent along-strike climatic variation. Recent studies indicate that Teton fault motion first initiated near Mount Moran at ~13 Ma in the northern portion of the range and slip onset gets younger to the south. No major climatic variations occur along strike, so tectonic forcing is interpreted to be the primary driver of landscape evolution. To test this hypothesis, we are evaluating ‘lag’ between fault slip onset and incision of drainages using AHe techniques combined with quantitative landscape analysis to constrain long-term response and analyzing seismic reflection and core data from range front lakes to determine sediment volume flux over shorter intervals. Preliminary data from a seismic survey completed in August 2018 reveals multiple depocenters in Jackson Lake. Results from the seismic survey and AHe analysis should be available in Spring 2019.

Featured photo by Gideon Rosenblatt on Flickr. https://flic.kr/p/2XjzYH
Effects of sagebrush restoration on plant and bird communities in Grand Teton National Park
Authors: Chalfoun Anna D. , Johnson Tracey N. 
Published: January 2021

Approximately half of sagebrush steppe range-wide has been converted to non-native grasslands, which has contributed to population declines of sagebrush-associated songbirds. Removal of non-native grasses and restoration treatments are time-, resource- and energy-intensive, but could lead to the return of functional habitat for sagebrush wildlife. The extent to which restoration efforts repair the structure and functionality of sagebrush steppe for different types of wildlife, however, remains largely untested. To determine breeding songbird community responses to sagebrush restoration treatments, we are conducting a longitudinal study with sampling every 5 years within restoration units at different stages of restoration in the Kelly Hayfields restoration area in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming. Thus far, in 2013 and 2018 we compared bird and plant communities in unrestored (largely smooth brome [Bromus inermis]) units to those in various stages of restoration treatments, and to areas of native sagebrush. The sagebrush plots will serve as desired comparators for the endpoints of restoration efforts. The in-progress and recently replanted units were either dominated by bare ground (following herbicidal application) or native forbs with very little shrub cover (< 0.1%). Native sagebrush units were dominated by shrubs and native bunchgrasses. Bird community composition was distinct among the different unit types. Abundance of grassland birds was highest in unrestored units, whereas the abundance of shrubland birds was highest in native sagebrush and positively associated with shrub cover. There were very few detections of birds in recently re-seeded units. Restored areas may initially provide little breeding bird habitat, especially prior to the establishment of native bunch grasses and a mature shrub layer. Plant and bird sampling efforts will continue every five years to document how plant and bird assemblages shift over time in response to restoration efforts.

Featured photo by Matt Lavin on Flickr. https://flic.kr/p/fh7UJz
Anmerkungen zu Bachs Kantate "Ich hatte viel Bekümmernis" (BWV 21)
Authors: Hofmann Klaus 
Published: January 2021

Der Artikel setzt sich mit der Frage der Genese von BWV 21 auseinander - für welchen Anlass wurde die Kantate geschrieben und ist sie überhaupt als Ganzes entstanden? Verschiedene stilkritische und konzeptionelle Überlegungen lassen anderes vermuten und werden im Beitrag dargelegt.

Erwähnte Artikel: Reinhold Jauernig: Zur Kantate "Ich hatte viel Bekümmernis" (BWV Nr. 21). BJ 1954, S. 46-49
Helene Werthemann: Zum Text der Bach-Kantate 21 "Ich hatte viel Bekümmernis in meinem Herzen". BJ 1965, S. 135-143
Andreas Glöckner: Zur Chronologie der Weimarer Kantaten Johann Sebastian Bachs. BJ 1985. S. 159-164
Martin Petzoldt: "Die kräfftige Erquickung unter der schweren Angst=Last". Möglicherweise Neues zur Entstehung der Kantate BWV 21. BJ 1993, S. 31-46
Peter Wollny: Bachs Bewerbung um die Organistenstelle an der Marienkirche in Halle und ihr Kontex. BJ 1994, S. 25-39
Klaus Hofmann: Bachs Doppelchor "Nun ist das Heil und die Kraft" (BWV 50). Neue Überlegungen zur Werkgeschichte. BJ 1994, S. 59-73
Christoph Wolff: "Die betrübte und wieder getröstete Seele" Zum Dialog-Charakter der Kantate "Ich hatte viel Bekümmernis" BWV 21. BJ 1996, S. 139-145
Michael Maul, Peter Wollny: Quellenkundliches zu Bach-Aufführungen in Köthen, Ronneburg und Leipzig zwischen 1720 und 1760. BJ 2003, S. 97-141
Gottfried Albin de Wette als Gewährsmann für Orgeldispositionen der Bach-Zeit im Weimarer Landgebiet
Authors: Lobenstein Albrecht 
Published: January 2021

Dieser Beitrag geht von den organologisch relevanten Überlieferungen einer bislang kaum genutzten Handschrift des weimarschen Chronisten aus. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit gilt den Orgeln, die vor oder während Bachs Weimarer Zeit im Landgebiet der ehemaligen Superintendentur Weimar gebaut oder verändert worden sind. Einblicke in die Entstehungsgeschichte, die bauzeitliche Gestalt, den Werdegang und Verbleib der Instrumente werden gewährt, mögliche Bezüge zum instrumentenkundlichen und kompositorischen Wirken Bachs hergestellt. Die Entdeckung, dass die Oßmannstedter Orgel über das Kontra-H verfügte, eröffnet die Möglichkeit, dass Kompositionen, die diesen Ton voraussetzen, mit diesem Ort in unmittelbarem Zusammenhang stehen. (Autor, Quelle: Bibliographie des Musikschrifttums online)

Erwähnte Artikel: Michael Maul: Johann Sebastian Bachs Besuche in der Residenzstadt Gera. BJ 2004, S. 101-119
Ludwig Häfner: Neue Erkenntnisse zur "Berkaer Bach-Orgel". BJ 2006, S. 291-193