bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimally Invasive Necrotic Bone Washing Improves Bone Healing After Femoral Head Ischemic Osteonecrosis
Authors: Kim Harry K.W. , Park Min Sung , Alves do Monte Felipe , Gokani Vishal , Aruwajoye Olumide O. , Ren Yinshi 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Ischemic osteonecrosis of the femoral head produces necrotic cell debris and inflammatory molecules in the marrow space, which elicit a chronic inflammatory repair response. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of flushing out the necrotic cell debris and inflammatory proteins on bone repair in a piglet model of ischemic osteonecrosis.

Methods:
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head of the right hindlimb was induced in 12 piglets by tying a ligature tightly around the femoral neck. One week after the surgery, 6 animals were treated with a percutaneous 3-needle bone washing procedure and non-weight-bearing (NWB) of the right hindlimb (wash group). The total saline solution wash volume was 450 mL per femoral head. Serial wash solutions were collected and analyzed. The remaining 6 animals were treated with NWB only (NWB group). At 8 weeks after the surgery, the femoral heads were assessed using radiography, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), and histological analysis. In addition, we compared the results for these piglets with our published results for 6 piglets treated with multiple epiphyseal drilling (MED) plus NWB without bone washing (MED group).

Results:
Necrotic cells and inflammatory proteins were present in the bone wash solution collected 1 week after ischemia induction. The protein and triglyceride concentrations decreased significantly with subsequent washing (p < 0.005). At 8 weeks after ischemia induction, the wash group had a significantly higher bone volume than the MED or NWB group (p < 0.0001). Histological bone-formation measures were also significantly increased in the wash group compared with the MED group (p = 0.002) or NWB group (p < 0.0001) while macrophage numbers were significantly decreased in the wash group.

Conclusions:
The percutaneous 3-needle procedure flushed out cell debris and inflammatory proteins from the necrotic femoral heads, decreased osteoclasts and macrophages, and increased bone formation following induction of ischemic osteonecrosis.

Clinical Relevance:
We believe that this is the first study to investigate the concept of washing out the necrotic femoral head to improve bone healing. The minimally invasive procedure may be useful to improve the necrotic bone environment and bone repair following ischemic osteonecrosis.
Alternative Use of the Ilizarov Apparatus Set in Case of Complications During Intramedullary Nail Removal
Authors: Malagoli Emiliano , Kirienko Alexander , Berlusconi Marco Luigi Maria , Peschiera Valeria , Lucchesi Giovanni 
Published: April 2021

Case:
We present 2 case reports: the first, a diaphyseal fracture of the humerus treated with a Marchetti nail resulting in a nonunion in 2017. The second, a fracture of the femur treated with a Kuntscher nail in 1989. A gunshot injury to that femur in 2014 evolved in nonunion and displacement. In both cases, the old nails were removed by using pieces of the Ilizarov apparatus.

Conclusions:
In case of complications, the versatility of the Ilizarov apparatus allows us to connect the intramedullary element to the universal extraction system; it proves itself to be an excellent cost-effective extraction system.
Difficult Management of a Femur Fracture in a Patient with Dyskeratosis Congenita
Authors: Hoellwarth Jason Shih , Edmonds Eric W. 
Published: April 2021

Case:
A 14-year-old boy with dyskeratosis congenita (DKC), status-post unrelated bone marrow transplant (BMT), sustained a femoral shaft fracture. Despite immediate fixation with the widest possible titanium elastic nails, fixation construct rigidity was insufficient and malunion occurred with refracture 5 years later. Revision fixation with rigid intramedullary nailing has maintained position for 1 year, although callus formation remains meager.

Conclusion:
This is the first article to detail fracture care for a DKC patient. Although BMT increases lifespan, patients seemingly remain skeletally frail. Rigid intramedullary fixation is optimally durable and appears hematopoietically safe. Long-term follow-up is recommended.
Hip-Spine Relationship: Thoracolumbar Deformation in a Patient with Limited Hip Flexion
Authors: Margalit Adam , Sponseller Paul D. 
Published: April 2021

Case:
We describe thoracolumbar kyphosis with severe vertebral deformation in a 13-year-old boy with cerebral palsy, hip extension contractures, and history of hip flexion-adduction releases.

Conclusion:
Patients with cerebral palsy and hip extension contractures may develop thoracolumbar kyphosis to maintain sitting balance. It is important to recognize hip extension contractures as the underlying cause of the compensatory kyphosis and to be familiar with treatment options that address the hips and the spine.
Pyoderma Gangrenosum After Total Hip Arthroplasty Associated with Administration of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor
Authors: Mizushima Masaki , Miyoshi Hayao , Yonemori Koji 
Published: April 2021

Case:
A 69-year-old woman with myelodysplastic syndrome-related pancytopenia was administered granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) before total hip arthroplasty to prevent postoperative infection. One week postoperatively, she developed peri-incisional ecchymosis and associated leukocytosis. Over the next few weeks, surgical site infection was suspected; however, dermatologist evaluation and subsequent biopsy supported a diagnosis of pyoderma gangrenosum, which resolved after prompt steroid administration.

Conclusion:
Postoperative pyoderma gangrenosum should be included in the differential diagnosis when considerable postoperative ecchymosis and leukocytosis occur, particularly after preoperative G-CSF administration.
Hip Dislocation After Correction for Scoliosis in an Adolescent with Angelman Syndrome
Authors: Metoki Yukie , Iwase Dai , Fukushima Kensuke , Uchiyama Katsufumi , Saito Wataru , Takaso Masashi 
Published: April 2021

Case:
Although scoliosis is common in Angelman syndrome (AS), there are no reports of hip dislocation as a complication of scoliosis surgery. We experienced a case of hip dislocation after posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion from T4 to L5 because of scoliosis progression in an adolescent girl with AS. Postoperatively, posterior dislocation of the left hip occurred; after closed reduction, instability remained. Thus, periacetabular osteotomy was performed (left hip), with good clinical outcomes.

Conclusion:
Especially in cases of abnormal muscle tone, a loss of spinal flexibility because of extensive spinal fixation may result in secondary pathologies of the hip joint.
Novel Biomarkers for Diagnosing Periprosthetic Joint Infection from Synovial Fluid and Serum
Authors: Keemu Hannes , Vaura Felix , Maksimow Anu , Maksimow Mikael , Jokela Aleksi , Hollmén Maija , Mäkelä Keijo 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Synovial fluid bacterial culture is the cornerstone of confirmation or exclusion of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). The aim of this study was to assess synovial fluid and serum biomarker patterns of patients with total joint arthroplasty (TJA), and the association of these patterns with PJI.

Methods:
Synovial fluid and serum samples were collected from 35 patients who were admitted to the Arthroplasty Unit of the Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology at Turku University Hospital. Of the 25 patients who were included in the study, 10 healthy patients with an elective TJA for osteoarthritis served as the control group, and 15 patients who were admitted due to clinical suspicion of PJI with local redness, swelling, wound drainage, pain, and/or fever and who had a positive synovial fluid bacterial culture served as the study group. Logistic regression was used to assess the ability of 37 biomarkers (including cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors) with commercially available tests to detect PJIs.

Results:
In synovial fluid, the concentrations of sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2 (soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2) and BAFF (B-cell activating factor, also known as TNFSF13B) were significantly higher in the PJI group (p < 0.002). In serum, the sTNF-R1 concentration was significantly higher in the PJI group, whereas the TWEAK (tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis) and osteocalcin concentrations were significantly lower (p < 0.002). The sensitivity for detecting PJI using synovial fluid was 1.00 for sTNF-R2, 0.93 for sTNF-R1, and 0.87 for BAFF/TNFSF13B. The specificity of all 3 synovial markers was 1.00. The sensitivity using serum was 0.80 for TWEAK, 0.73 for sTNF-R1, and 0.80 for osteocalcin. The specificity of all 3 serum markers was 1.00.

Conclusions:
Synovial sTNF-R2 is a promising new biomarker for detecting PJI. We are not aware of any previous reports of the use of sTNF-R2 in PJI diagnosis. More research is needed to assess the clinical importance of our findings.

Level of Evidence:
Diagnostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Recent Technological Advances Provide Highly Efficient and Reduced Risk Solutions for Conveying Wireline Formation Evaluation Toolstrings in Deepwater Operations
Authors: McCormick Stephen , Thatha Rajesh , Leonard Martin , Escott Samuel , Sedgwick Adam , LeCompte Brian , Zuliani Paulo , Naveena-Chandran Rohin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Obtaining high resolution, quality formation evaluation data is still only possible with wireline logging. However, with the continued push into deeper and more complex drilling environments, many challenges have been placed in the way of wireline logging, including high tension, high deviation, and increased differential pressure. These factors contribute to an increased risk of tool sticking incidents and lost-in-hole scenarios. Several methods of mitigating these issues on surface (powered capstans, pipe conveyance, etc) have been implemented in the past, but none have been successful in reducing or eliminating the risk downhole without introducing further drawbacks.
This paper describes how a new wireline conveyance system has eliminated these issues. The conveyance system consists of wheeled carriages that carry the toolstring off-centre. The mass of the toolstring acts as a counterweight to ensure correct tool orientation in the wellbore. This orientation feature also enables a "guide" device to help navigate ledges and washouts. Such a system eliminates toolstring hold ups, allows access to highly deviated wells without pipe conveyance or tractors, and significantly mitigates differential sticking hazards, while also offering additional benefits in operational efficiency and data quality.
A case study from a particularly difficult well in New Zealand is presented. Data acquisition in this well was fraught with challenges: In addition to the 2000m tangent section at 67° deviation, well had severe borehole breakouts. Previous experience in similar scenarios with conventional data acquisition methods yeided poor results. The wheeled carriage system was deployed in multiple innovative configurations resulting in the acquisition of excellent quality data from five wireline descents in hole.
This wireline conveyance system has been routinely deployed on multiple deepwater operations in the Gulf of Mexico. One such operation is presented where large gains in logging efficiency have been realised, particularly with the elimination of differential sticking risk and time-consuming pipe conveyed logging.
The new technology takes a holistic approach to wireline tool conveyance: Prevent sticking issues using wheeled carriages and mitigate fishing risk using ultra-high strength wireline cables. Wheeled carriages greatly reduce the tool-borehole contact area, preventing the incidence of tool sticking. In addition, wheeled carriages reduce drag while ensuring optimum data quality by sensor position and orientation within the wellbore. Ultra-high strength cables provide ability to log at very high tensions and at the same time provide high overpull capability.
The result is a safe, efficient, cost effective and complete Wireline data acquisition.
Integrated Production Data Analysis and Water Injection Optimization in a Giant Carbonate Field
Authors: Mehrabadi Adel , Urbani Gabriele , Renna Simona , Rossi Lucia , Luciani Italo , Mastrogeorgiou Konstantinos 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In case of giant brown fields, a proper water injection management can result in a very complex process, due to the quality and quantity of data to be analysed. Main issue is the understanding of the injected water preferential paths, especially in carbonate environment characterized by strong vertical and areal heterogeneities (karst). A structured workflow is presented to analyze and integrate a massive data set, in order to understand and optimize the water injection scheme.
An extensive Production Data Analysis (PDA) has been performed, based on the integration of available geological data (including NMR and Cased Hole Logs), production (allocated rates, Well Tests, PLT), pressure (SBHP, RFT, MDT, ESP) and salinity data. The applied workflow led to build a Fluid Path Conceptual Model (FPCM), an easy but powerful tool to visualize the complex dynamic connections between injectors-producers and aquifer influence areas. Several diagnostic plots were performed to support and validate the main outcomes. On this basis, proper actions were implemented to optimize the current water injection scheme.
The workflow was applied on a carbonate giant brown field characterized by three different reservoir members, hydraulically communicating at original conditions, characterized by high vertical heterogeneity and permeability contrast. Moreover, dissolution phenomena, localized in the uppermost reservoir section, led to important permeability enhancement through a wide network of connected vugs, acting as water preferential communication pathways. The geological analysis played a key role to investigate the reservoir water flooding mechanism in dynamic conditions. The water rising mechanism was identified to be driven by the high permeability contrast, hence characterized by lateral independent movements in the different reservoir members. The integrated analysis identified room for optimization of the current water injection strategy. In particular, key factor was the analysis and optimization at block scale, intended as areal and vertical sub-units, as identified by the PDA and visualized through the FPCM. Actions were suggested, including injection rates optimization and the definition of new injections points. A detailed surveillance plan was finally implemented to monitor the effects of the proposed actions on the field performances, proving the robustness of the methodology.
Eni workflow for water injection analysis and optimization was previously successfully tested only in sandstone reservoirs. This paper shows the robustness of the methodology also in carbonate environment, where water encroachment is strongly driven by karst network. The result is a clear understanding of the main dynamics in the reservoir, which allows to better tune any action aimed to optimize water injection and increase the value of mature assets.
Investigating the Asymmetry Effects of Crude Oil Price on Renewable Energy Consumption in the United States
Authors: Sahu Pritish , Solarin Sakiru Adebola , Al-mulali Usama , Ozturk Ilhan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The reduction in oil prices might make crude oil a cheaper alternative to renewable energy. Given this, the present paper examines the effect of fluctuation of oil prices on the use of renewable energy in the United States during the period 1970–2019. We constructed two nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) models to examine the effect of the positive and negative oil prices shocks on the use of renewable energy in the US. The renewable energy consumption is taken as the dependent variable and GDP, Brent crude prices, population density, trade openness and price index as independent variables. The result revealed that the rise in crude oil price, GDP and population density will increase renewable energy use in the short run and in the long run as well. Moreover, the study finds that any decrease in oil prices will decrease renewable energy use in the short run and its effect will eventually diminish in the long run.
WITHDRAWN: Characteristics and trend of extreme temperature in Spatio-temporal context, South Xinjiang China.
Authors: Khan Ahmad Ali , Zhao Yuanjie , Khan Jamil , Rahman Ghani , Rafiq Muhammad 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Evaluation of climate change study is vital for appropriate management of hydrological resources and future planning. South Xinjiang is comprising various sort of climatic conditions. The focal point of this study is to assess the dissemination and pattern of temperature for as far back as 39 years in south Xinjiang China. The time series data recorded as maximum, minimum and mean monthly temperature at different metrological stations. For trend detection Mann-Kendall tests and Sen's slope estimation model were applied for appropriate results. The statistical analysis of the study indicates a significant upward trend in three types mean max. min. and average temperature on seasonal & monthly scale. Change points find out in the four decades show an increasing trend of temperature. Results found from Sen's slope magnitudes vary from 0.010ºC to 0.070ºC in Tmax per annum. Further, Sen's slope from − 0.150ºC to 0.080ºC and − 0.080ºC to 0.060ºC every year for both Tmin and Tmean. So for the increasing trend in all temperature is a get way to a dangerous atmospheric devastation and environmental change. Seasonal evaluation of temperature (JJA) June, July and August detected upward trend of temperature while the rainfall occurring months (NDJF), November, December, January and February found significantly dry. The seasonal changeability of temperature is straightforwardly responsible for desertification in the area. The conclusion of the research study that southern Xinjiang facing severe dry conditions are essential to highlight this burning issue for further development and sustainability of water resources.
Identification of QTL for Cold Tolerance at the Booting and Flowering Stage in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Zhang Lina , Tang Jianghong , Cui Di , Tang Cuifeng , Ma Xiaoding , A Xinxiang , Han Bing , Cao Guilan , Zhao Zhengwu , Koh Hee-Jong , Han Longzhi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Rice growth and productivity are greatly affected by cold stress, which is likely to become more threatening to high and stable yield of rice. To identify cold tolerance at the booting and flowering stage in rice, a set of recombinant inbred lines (RIL) was developed by crossing a cold-tolerant japonica cultivated variety, Jileng1 (JL1), with a cold-sensitive indica cultivated variety, Milyang23 (MY23). The seed setting rate (SST) of the parents and RIL populations were investigated under different temperature environments, then the SST and cold stress tolerance index (CSTI) under the natural low-temperature were used to evaluation the cold tolerance and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping. Nine QTL were detected on chromosome 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11 and 12, with log-likelihood (LOD) value ranging from 2.64–4.76, these QTL explain the phenotypic variance explained (PVE) range from 3.34 to 12.02%. Among of theses QTL, three QTL qSST1, qSST5 and qSST12 were detected on different years, and they were considered as stable expression QTL. qSST5 was identified on chromosome 5 marker between CMB0526.3 and ID5014265, which many QTL related to cold resistance have been identified in previous studies, so that this QTL was considered as a major QTL for cold tolerance. In addition, thirteen QTL with environmental interactions were detected, and then the additive QTL were all involved in environmental interactions. These result showed that environmental interactions have an significant effective on cold tolerant in rice. The stable expression major QTL identified will help to fine mapping these cold tolerance QTL and provide the gene resources to cultivation cold tolerant variety in rice.
Clinical Impact of Unexpected Para-Aortic Lymph Node Metastasis in Surgery for Resectable Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Lee Ho-Kyoung , Yoon Yoo-Seok , Han Ho-Seong , Lee Jun Suh , Na Hee Young , Ahn Soomin , Park Jaewoo , Jung Kwangrok , Jung Jae Hyup , Kim Jaihwan , Hwang Jin-Hyeonk , Lee Jong-chan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Radiologically identified para-aortic lymph node (PALN) metastasis is contraindicated for pancreatic cancer (PC) surgery. There is no clinical consensus for unexpected intraoperative PALN. To analyse the prognostic role of unexpected PALN in resectable PC, we retrospectively reviewed data of 1,953 PC patients in a single tertiary centre. Patients with intraoperative PALN without radiological PALN (group A1, negative pathology, n = 59; group A2, positive pathology, n = 13) showed median overall survival (OS) of 24.6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.2–33.2) and 13.0 (95%CI: 4.9–19.7) months, respectively. Patients with radiological PALN metastasis without other metastases (group B, n = 91) showed median OS of 8.6 months (95%CI: 7.4–11.6). Compared with group B, groups A1 and A2 had hazard ratios (HRs) of 0.37 (95%CI, 0.2–0.6) and 1.04 (95%CI: 0.7–1.4), respectively. Compared with group A2, group A1 had HR of 0.33 (95%CI: 0.2–0.7). Analysing regional lymph nodes (LNs), the positive LN ratio affected survival (HR: 2.67, 95%CI: 1.6–4.5), while the absolute number of positive LNs (HR: 1.79, 95%CI: 0.7–4.6) did not. Thus, unexpected malignant PALN has a negative prognostic impact comparable to radiological PALN metastasis. Prompt pathologic evaluation for unexpected PALN and maximal harvest of regional LNs during PC surgery are suggested.
Effect of cryopreservation on A172 and U251 glioma cells infected with lentiviral vectors designed for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockdown of aquaporin-8
Authors: Zhang Hao , Sheng HuajunSheng , Xing Yu , Liu Qian , Guo Zhen , Cai ZilingCai , Shen Zihao , Xia Qingqian , Zhu Shujuan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The gene editing technology CRISPR/Cas9 is presently applied in several fields. Here, we routinely infected A172 and U251 cells with lentiviral vectors in which aquaporin-8 (AQP8) was knocked down using CRISPR/Cas9. Cryopreservation did not significantly alter the viral infection efficiency, but it affected the expression of AQP8 protein and its mRNA in infected cells compared with non-cryopreserved samples. The expression of AQP8 and its mRNA in cryopreserved infected cells that were recovered did not significantly differ from that in the blank and negative controls. This finding indicated that the lentiviral vector lost viability due to cryopreservation at low temperatures and failed to release the AQP8 gene-targeting guide RNA in the infected cells, or the guide RNA was released, but underwent changes that caused it to malfunction in CRISPR/Cas9-mediated AQP8 gene knockdown. This finding might provide a new direction for the prevention and treatment of viral infections.