bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Different Levels of Phosphorus on the Efficiency of Fermentation by Lactobacillus and Physicochemical Properties of Potato Starch
Authors: Li Meng , Wang Ruoyang , Xu Yihan , Liang Fengzhu , Yang Tiankui , Zhang Jianhua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe effect of different levels of phosphorus on the process of amylolytic Lactobacillus fermentation and physicochemical properties of potato starch samples are investigated. The low‐phosphorus starch (LPS), medium‐phosphorus starch (MPS), and high‐phosphorus starch (HPS) samples, the phosphorus contents in which are 422.7, 729.5, and 936.2 mg kg–1, respectively, are selected for fermentation. The maximum rate of Lactobacillus fermentation is observed in HPS, and the lowest rate of fermentation is recorded for MPS. The effect of phosphorus content on fermentation rate shows a different tendency from enzymatic hydrolysis. The process of fermentation exerted significant effects on the thermodynamic properties of MPS and HPS (p < 0.05). Fermentation is also found to exert significant effects on the pasting properties (exception: pasting temperatures) of potato starch samples (p < 0.05). It also influenced the properties of adhesiveness, springiness, and resilience of HPS gels and the chewiness and gumminess of MPS gels (p < 0.05). The principal component analysis results suggested that phosphorus and fermentation significantly affect the physicochemical properties of potato starch that is used to make different staple food items.
Path Following Control Strategy for Underactuated Unmanned Surface Vehicle Subject to Multiple Constraints
Authors: Mu Dongdong , Wang Guofeng , Fan Yunsheng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the path following control for an underactuated unmanned surface vehicle (USV) subject to modeling error and input saturation under time‐varying external disturbances. In this note, a novel trajectory linearization control (TLC) method is first introduced in the design of path following controller for an unmanned surface vessel. Adaptive line‐of‐sight (LOS) algorithm is used in the navigation strategy, which not only solves the sideslip angle problem caused by external disturbances but also optimizes the convergence speed. The neural network minimum learning parameter (MLP) method is used to compensate for modeling errors and external disturbances. Compared with multi‐layer neural networks, MLP solves the problem of ‘dimension disaster’. Meanwhile, in order to increase the robustness of the system, adaptive technology is employed to compensate for the compensation error of MLP. In addition, an auxiliary dynamic system is introduced into the controller design to address potential input saturation issue. Considering the above practical conditions, it is more convenient for the engineering implementation of the proposed control path following the control system. Using Lyapunov stability analysis theory, it is proven that all error signals in the system are uniformly ultimately bounded. Finally, two simulation experiments are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed control strategy. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Identification of RNA Binding Partners of CRISPR-Cas Proteins in Prokaryotes Using RIP-Seq
Authors: Sharma Sahil , Sharma Cynthia M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCRISPR-Cas systems consist of a complex ribonucleoprotein (RNP) machinery encoded in prokaryotic genomes to confer adaptive immunity against foreign mobile genetic elements. Of these, especially the class 2, Type II CRISPR-Cas9 RNA-guided systems with single protein effector modules have recently received much attention for their application as programmable DNA scissors that can be used for genome editing in eukaryotes. While many studies have concentrated their efforts on improving RNA-mediated DNA targeting with these Type II systems, little is known about the factors that modulate processing or binding of the CRISPR RNA (crRNA) guides and the trans-activating tracrRNA to the nuclease protein Cas9, and whether Cas9 can also potentially interact with other endogenous RNAs encoded within the host genome. Here, we describe RIP-seq as a method to globally identify the direct RNA binding partners of CRISPR-Cas RNPs using the Cas9 nuclease as an example. RIP-seq combines co-immunoprecipitation (coIP) of an epitope-tagged Cas9 followed by isolation and deep sequencing analysis of its co-purified bound RNAs. This method can not only be used to study interactions of Cas9 with its known interaction partners, crRNAs and tracrRNA in native systems, but also to reveal potential additional RNA substrates of Cas9. For example, in RIP-seq analysis of Cas9 from the foodborne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni (CjeCas9), we recently identified several endogenous RNAs bound to CjeCas9 RNP in a crRNA-dependent manner, leading to the discovery of PAM-independent RNA cleavage activity of CjeCas9 as well as non-canonical crRNAs. RIP-seq can be easily adapted to any other effector RNP of choice from other CRISPR-Cas systems, allowing for the identification of target RNAs. Deciphering novel RNA-protein interactions for CRISPR-Cas proteins within host bacterial genomes will lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms and functions of these systems and enable us to use the in vivo identified interaction rules as design principles for nucleic acid-targeting applications, fitted to each nuclease of interest.
Knowing Well-being: A History of Data
Authors: Oman Susan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhat is well-being? Well-being has become synonymous with the multi-billion-dollar wellness industry, whilst also being rooted in ancient philosophy and religious practices. It has no universal definition across time, place or scientific discipline, yet the very term ‘statistics’ was invented to measure human happiness.This chapter contextualises the history of well-being data and development as one which is tied to political and technological change, firstly, in the desire to monitor human welfare, and secondly, for policy. Public management strategies embraced economic approaches to auditing, as a means to define value and efficiency in social policy choices. The chapter considers how well-being data became co-opted into an ostensibly rational process of decision-making and evaluation, becoming a tool of policy—for good and bad.
Getting a Sense of Big Data and Well-being
Authors: Oman Susan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCan Big Data improve understanding of well-being and can they harm well-being? The chapter opens by asking what even is ‘Big Data’, and is ‘it’ actually new when large datasets have been valuable in understanding population-level health, wealth and well-being for 6000 years. It reviews the failed promises of Big Data to predict and prevent pandemics, including COVID-19, comparing new data infrastructures with old ones. It presents examples and case studies of social media data and data mining on large scales, and for smaller organisations to understand how we feel. We find there are more limits to Big Data and new data technologies to understand well-being than are made explicit, and question the ethics of Big Data insights and their monetary value in the context of well-being.
Well-being, Values, Culture and Society
Authors: Oman Susan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis chapter looks at the relationship between culture and well-being. It introduces how the ‘the culture-well-being relationship’ is invoked in advocacy for culture’s role in social policy, resting on a philosophical lineage. It demonstrates how this relationship has been theorised, naturalised and popularised to become ‘common sense’ for some, while its use in policy has seen it institutionalised, operationalised, metricised and monetised. This chapter reviews this process through a brief survey of cultural policy, asking who decides which—or whose—culture is good for society from Victorian to contemporary cultural value debates. This chapter presents the increasing presence of well-being data in this story, as well as the role of cultural measures in national well-being data from the UK to Bhutan.
Extending LCA Methodology for Assessing Liquid Biofuels by Phosphate Resource Depletion and Attributional Land Use/Land Use Change
Authors: Keller Heiko , Fehrenbach Horst , Rettenmaier Nils , Hemmen Marie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMany pathways towards reaching defossilization goals build on a substantially increased production of bio-based products and energy carriers including liquid biofuels. This is, amongst others, limited by land and phosphorous availability. However, it is challenging to adequately capture these limitations in LCA using state-of-the-art LCI and LCIA methods. We propose two new methods to overcome these challenges: (1) attributional land use and land use change (aLULUC) evenly attributes LU-/LUC-related burdens (emissions) occurring in a country to each hectare of cropland used in that country and (2) phosphate rock demand as a stand-alone resource indicator for a finite resource that cannot be replaced. Approach, calculations and used factors are described for both methods, and exemplary results for biofuels are presented. We conclude that both methods can yield additional insight and can support finding solutions for current challenges in agriculture.
Translating LCA Evidence into Performance-Based Policy Criteria for the Photovoltaic Product Group
Authors: Espinosa Nieves , Dodd Nicholas , Villanueva Alejandro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLife cycle assessment has the potential to generate valuable information and knowledge for policy makers, as insights can be gained by applying LCA to the development of policy criteria. This potential has been used in the development of a number of EU policy instruments aimed at photovoltaic products, i.e. Ecodesign, Energy Labelling, the EU Ecolabel and Green Public Procurement. They are the regulatory and voluntary policy instruments for sustainable production and consumption at the European Commission. Each instrument has different market objectives; e.g. Ecodesign sets mandatory minimum requirements for products entering the EU market, while the EU Ecolabel is a voluntary instrument to differentiate the most sustainable choices. An eight-step approach based on the Ecodesign methodology including a systematic LCA review has been used with a focus on the information needs of the policy instruments and an interpretation of the results per component/substance. Through the identification of hotspots at the component level and at life cycle stages, it has been possible to translate them into criteria.
Research Activities on LCA and LCM in Poland
Authors: Foltynowicz Zenon , Kłos Zbigniew Stanisław 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe main goal of this paper is to present the history and actual situation in research on LCA and LCM in Poland. This task will be performed by reviewing the different activities and their results in this field, from the very beginning. The paper includes the review of the activities of LCA/LCM main research centres in Poznań (Poznań University of Technology (PUT), Poznań University of Economics and Business (PUEB)), Cracow (Polish Academy of Sciences, AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow University of Economics), Zielona Góra (University of Zielona Góra), Bydgoszcz (UTP University of Science and Technology), Katowice-Gliwice (Silesian University of Technology), Częstochowa (Częstochowa University of Technology) and Szczecin (ZUT Western Pomeranian University of Technology). LCA/LCM researches are also performed in several smaller research groups in R&D centres. In the end of the paper, some conclusions referring to the actual situation of research on LCA/LCM, dealing with critical evaluation of the LCA/LCM centres in Poland location, issues and problems addressed, areas of the projects covered and the desired activities in the future, are presented.
Is Environmental Efficiency Compatible with Economic Competitiveness in Dairy Farming? A Case Study of 80 Luxembourgish Farms
Authors: Lioy Rocco , Battheu-Noirfalise Caroline , Lehnen Aline , Reding Roman , Dusseldorf Tom 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate both environmental and economic performances of Luxembourgish dairy farms in order to assess possibilities and limits of improving economic competitiveness via increasing environmental efficiency. In the environmental field, four LCA impact categories (carbon footprint, energy consumption, acidification, eutrophication) were analysed, while in the economic field, costs, incomes and profit of the farms were investigated. A main result was that a sustainable dairy production with less environmental impact in all considered categories is also of advantage in terms of farm competitiveness. The most efficient farms reach also the highest profit. The case study proves that a high environmental performance is not only of advantage in terms of economic competitiveness, but is even a necessary prerequisite for best economic performances.
Applying the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to Estimate the Environmental Impact of Selected Phases of a Production Process of Forming Bottles for Beverages
Authors: Bałdowska-Witos Patrycja , Kasner Robert , Tomporowski Andrzej 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe study concerns the current issues of the impact of packaging on the natural environment. The main goal was to analyse the life cycle (LC) of a beverage bottle made of polyethylene terephthalate. The functional unit comprised a total of 1000 PET bottles with a capacity of 1 l. The limit of the adopted system included steps from the moment of delivery of preforms to the production plant until they were properly shaped in the process of forming beverage bottles. Excluded from the system were the further stages of the production process, such as beverage bottling, labelling or storage/distribution. The processes related to the transport and storage of the raw material were also excluded. The LCA analysis was performed using the program of the Dutch company Pre Consultants called SimaPro 8.4.0. The “ReCiPe 2016” method was selected for the interpretation of lists of emitted chemicals. The results of the tests were presented graphically on bar charts and verified and interpreted.
A Grammar for Transformative Urbanism
Authors: Pellissery Sony , Gómez Aristizábal Juliana 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe problems that engulf Southern cities are huge. There is a tendency towards solutions based on models encountered elsewhere emerging as deeper problems when only the symptoms are treated. Therefore, in this concluding chapter, we propose a model that transforms urban development as a process from within. Our arguments are on two levels. On the first level, we propose a grammarian alternative—primarily since it has the potential to challenge the rational models that are overemphasized in urban-planning practice. We also consider that such a grammarian approach could suit the search for a non-deductive model of multiple centres. On the second level, we propose a communication model whereby this grammarian alternative could be operationalized. We show that an autopoietic reproduction of urban space takes place through interaction between social order and natural order. Space for intervention, towards transformative urbanism, can be found in this communication process. There is a need to direct this autopoietic process by picking up on the codes from societal norms. In Southern urbanism, these codes are the experiences of suffering, violence, in-betweenness, social identity, harmony, and context-specific sociocultural practices. Transformative urbanism depends on the ways in which these codes are leveraged by collectives of citizens in the urban-planning process.
Marke und Markenkommunikation
Authors: Albisser Matthias 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Kapitel 2, 3 und 4 legen die theoretischen Grundlagen dieser Arbeit dar, die den Einfluss von Brand Content als eine Form der Markenkommunikation auf das Markenimage untersucht. Dazu werden in diesem Kapitel die Begriffe Marke, Markenidentität, Markenimage, Markenpositionierung und Markenkommunikation beleuchtet.
Userperspektive auf Brand Content: Der Uses-and-Gratifications-Ansatz
Authors: Albisser Matthias 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungIm vorangegangenen Kapitel über «Marke» wurde unter anderem auf die Markenkommunikation eingegangen. Die klassische Markenkommunikation folgt einer Unternehmensperspektive, anhand welcher funktionale oder emotionale Nutzen vermittelt werden und ein entsprechendes Markenimage aufgebaut werden soll. Durch die Informationsflut und ein selbstbestimmtes Userverhalten im digitalen Raum muss sich Markenkommunikation jedoch zunehmend an den Usern ausrichten und diesen einen Mehrwert bieten. Dieses Kapitel fokussiert anhand des Uses-and-Gratifications-Ansatzes auf diese Userperspektive.
A. I. Schtscherbakow: die erste moderne Theorie der Ätiologie und der Pathogenese von Magen- und Zwölffingerdarmgeschwüren
Authors: Balalykin Dmitry A. 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Geschichte der Wissenschaft ist reich an Entdeckern, die der Vergessenheit anheimgefallen sind. Die russische Vorrangstellung bei der Erforschung der Ätiologie und der Pathogenese des Magen- und Zwölffingerdarmgeschwürs ist ein Beispiel für eine Serie vergessener Entdeckungen. Die Schriften gegenwärtiger Therapeuten – Gastroenterologen und Chirurgen –, die sich mit Problemen der Magenchirurgie befassen, bieten dem Leser eine breite Auswahl von Antworten auf die Frage, wer wann die modernen Vorstellungen zu Ätiologie und Pathogenese des Magen- und Zwölffingerdarmgeschwürs formuliert hat.
Critical long-range vector model in the UV
Authors: Chakraborty Soumangsu , Goykhman Mikhail 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We study interacting critical UV regime of the long-range O(N) vector model with quartic coupling. Analyzing CFT data within the scope of ϵ- and 1/N-expansion, we collect evidence for the equivalence of this model and the critical IR limit of the cubic model coupled to a generalized free field O(N) vector multiplet.
Adverbial -s as last resort
Authors: Corver Norbert 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article examines the grammatical behavior of Dutch adverbs featuring so-called adverbial -s. This will be done on the basis of three questions: Firstly, what is the grammatical nature of adverbial -s? Secondly, in which structural configurations does it appear? Thirdly, what does adverbial -stell us about the existence of adverbs as a separate part of speech? The article provides the following three answers to these questions: Firstly, adverbial -sis an affixal manifestation of the categorizing headsnanda(so-called -s-Support). Secondly,nandaexternalize as -swhen the raised root that forms an amalgam with the categorizing head is silent or a bound root. Thirdly, “adverbs” featuring adverbial -sare nominal, adjectival or adpositional expressions with an articulated syntactic structure. Some of these syntactic structures correspond to the so-called construct state. In short, linguistic expressions featuring adverbial -sdo not support the idea that adverbs form a separate part of speech.
Allokation knapper medizinischer Ressourcen auf COVID-19-PatientInnen. Ergebnisse einer Vignettenstudie
Authors: Schmidt Julia , Kriwy Peter 
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie
In der vorliegenden Studie werden Knappheitsentscheidungen von medizinischen Laien bei der Behandlung von COVID-19(„Coronavirus Disease 2019“)-Patienten untersucht.

Methodik
In den multivariaten clusterkorrigierten Regressionen werden die Antworten auf 1802 Fallsituationen einer Vignettenstudie ausgewertet, die von 181 medizinischen Laien eingeschätzt wurden.

Ergebnisse
Jüngere Patienten, Männer, Erkrankte mit hohen Genesungschancen, eigenen Kindern und einem Beruf in einem Krankenhaus werden von den medizinischen Laien bevorzugt eingestuft.

Schlussfolgerung
Medizinische Laien wenden bewusst oder unbewusst soziale Kriterien der Entscheidungsfindung bei Knappheit der medizinischen Ressourcen an, die aus professioneller medizinischer und ethischer Sicht unzulässig sind. Zur Einschätzung der Akzeptanz in der allgemeinen Bevölkerung sollte dieser Umstand berücksichtigt werden.
Whole-body MRI: detecting bone metastases from prostate cancer
Authors: Nakanishi Katsuyuki , Tanaka Junichiro , Nakaya Yasuhiro , Maeda Noboru , Sakamoto Atsuhiko , Nakayama Akiko , Satomura Hiroki , Sakai Mio , Konishi Koji , Yamamoto Yoshiyuki , Nagahara Akira , Nishimura Kazuo , Takenaka Satoshi , Tomiyama Noriyuki 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) is currently used worldwide for detecting bone metastases from prostate cancer. The 5-year survival rate for prostate cancer is > 95%. However, an increase in survival time may increase the incidence of bone metastasis. Therefore, detecting bone metastases is of great clinical interest. Bone metastases are commonly located in the spine, pelvis, shoulder, and distal femur. Bone metastases from prostate cancer are well-known representatives of osteoblastic metastases. However, other types of bone metastases, such as mixed or inter-trabecular type, have also been detected using MRI. MRI does not involve radiation exposure and has good sensitivity and specificity for detecting bone metastases. WB-MRI has undergone gradual developments since the last century, and in 2004, Takahara et al., developed diffusion-weighted Imaging (DWI) with background body signal suppression (DWIBS). Since then, WB-MRI, including DWI, has continued to play an important role in detecting bone metastases and monitoring therapeutic effects. An imaging protocol that allows complete examination within approximately 30 min has been established. This review focuses on WB-MRI standardization and the automatic calculation of tumor total diffusion volume (tDV) and mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value. In the future, artificial intelligence (AI) will enable shorter imaging times and easier automatic segmentation.
Height of Water Pool in the Roll Nip of Secondary Cooling Zone in Continuous Slab Caster: Application of Open Channel Hydraulics
Authors: Khani Somayeh , Palkowski Heinz , Schwerdtfeger Klaus 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In continuous casting of steel, the strand is cooled in the upper part of the secondary cooling zone with water sprayed by nozzles towards the strand surface. The water accumulates in the nip of the lower roll of a roll pair, forming a water pool which then drains off towards the ends of the roll. In the present work, open channel hydraulics was applied for computation of the water pool height in the nip between roll and strand in continuous slab casting. The differential equation describing the change of pool height for the spatially varied flow with increasing discharge was solved with the Runge–Kutta technique using as boundary condition the pool height at the end of the nip. The effects of the Manning friction factor n and the energy coefficient α were determined in sets of computation. It was shown that the hydraulic theory could predict water profiles in the nip of continuous casting rolls to a good approximation.