bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prochlorococcus extracellular vesicles: molecular composition and adsorption to diverse microbes
Authors: Biller Steven J. , Lundeen Rachel A. , Hmelo Laura R. , Becker Kevin W. , Arellano Aldo A. , Dooley Keven , Heal Katherine R. , Carlson Laura T. , Van Mooy Benjamin A. S. , Ingalls Anitra E. , Chisholm Sallie W. 
Published: November 2021

SummaryExtracellular vesicles are small (~50–200 nm diameter) membrane‐bound structures released by cells from all domains of life. While vesicles are abundant in the oceans, their functions, both for cells themselves and the emergent ecosystem, remain a mystery. To better characterize these particles – a prerequisite for determining function – we analysed the lipid, protein, and metabolite content of vesicles produced by the marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus. We show that Prochlorococcus exports a diverse array of cellular compounds into the surrounding seawater enclosed within discrete vesicles. Vesicles produced by two different strains contain some materials in common, but also display numerous strain‐specific differences, reflecting functional complexity within vesicle populations. The vesicles contain active enzymes, indicating that they can mediate extracellular biogeochemical reactions in the ocean. We further demonstrate that vesicles from Prochlorococcus and other bacteria associate with diverse microbes including the most abundant marine bacterium, Pelagibacter. Together, our data point toward hypotheses concerning the functional roles of vesicles in marine ecosystems including, but not limited to, possibly mediating energy and nutrient transfers, catalysing extracellular biochemical reactions, and mitigating toxicity of reactive oxygen species.
Sustainable Competitive Advantages via Temporary Advantages: Insights from the Competition between American and Chinese Digital Platforms in China
Authors: Li Feng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe world's most valuable public companies today are built on digital platforms. While American digital platforms (ADPs) have successfully dominated many international markets, some Chinese digital platforms (CDPs) have managed to survive and thrive in China, with European digital platforms (EDPs) largely absent both at home and abroad. Using comprehensive longitudinal data over 6 years, this study examines the platform competition between ADPs and CDPs in China, and explores how digital platforms challenge traditional ways of thinking about strategy and international competition. Some ADPs initially dominated the Chinese market, but some CDPs used their institutional advantages in China to offset the competitive advantages of ADPs based on superior resources and capabilities and strong market positions. Their competition evolved over three distinctive episodes so far, and CDPs used successive temporary advantages to achieve sustainable competitive advantages dynamically and accomplished radical changes cumulatively through incremental changes. A new dynamic equilibrium model of platform competition – ‘the spiral model’ – between global and native digital platforms is developed, which highlights a trajectory that is different from the dominant models of change in the literature. Limitations of the study and new areas for future research are highlighted.
Pasteurization of fruit juices by pulsed light treatment: A review on the microbial safety, enzymatic stability, and kinetic approach to process design
Authors: Dhar Rishab , Basak Somnath , Chakraborty Snehasis 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPulsed light (PL) is a polychromatic radiation‐based technology, among many other non‐thermal processing techniques. The microbiological lethality of the PL technique has been explored in different food matrices along with their associated mechanisms. Pasteurization of fruit juice requires a 5‐log cycle reduction in the resistant pathogen in the product. The manufacturers look toward achieving the microbial safety and stability of the juice, while consumers demand high‐quality juice. Enzymatic spoilage in fruit juice is also a crucial factor that needs attention. The retailers want the processed juice to be stable, which can be achieved by inactivating the spoilage enzymes and native microflora inside it. The present review argued about the potential of PL technology to produce a microbiologically safe and enzymatically stable fruit juice with a minimal loss in bioactive compounds in the product. Concise information of factors affecting the PL treatment (PLT), primary inactivation mechanism associated with microorganisms, enzymes, the effect of PLT on various quality attributes (microorganisms, spoilage enzymes, bioactive components, sensory properties, color), and shelf life of fruit juices has been put forward. The potential of PL integrated with other non‐thermal and mild thermal technologies on the microbial safety and stability of fruit juices has been corroborated. The review also provides suggestions to the readers for designing, modeling, and optimizing the PLT and discusses the use of various primary, secondary kinetic models in detail that have been utilized for different quality parameters in juices. Finally, the challenges and future need associated with PL technology has been summarized.
The role of trifunctional cryoprotectants in the frozen storage of aquatic foods: Recent developments and future recommendations
Authors: Tian Jing , Walayat Noman , Ding Yuting , Liu Jianhua 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFreeze‐induced changes including protein denaturation, ice crystals formation and lipid oxidation are mainly responsible for the quality deterioration persistent in aquatic foods. Here, for the first time, the cryoprotectants with trifunctional properties have been suggested for aquatic food cryopreservation and have exhibited exceptional cryoprotective abilities. In this study, in‐depth discussion of protein denaturation, ice crystal formation and lipid oxidation is added in order to understand their mechanism, emphasizing on the necessity and use of trifunctional cryoprotectants in aquatic foods during frozen storage. Trifunctional cryoprotectants have strong abilities to prevent the formation of malondihaldehyde and aldehydes resulting from lipid oxidation, which further interact with proteins, subsequently lead to protein denaturation. Besides these all cryoprotective properties, ice crystal binding abilities distinguish trifunctional cryoprotectants from conventional cryoprotectants. Moreover, this study added with recent advances in cryoprotectants including antifreeze proteins and protein hydrolysates with their role in retarded freeze‐induced changes. This study concluded that trifunctional cryoprotectants are effective owing to their hydrophilic amino acid chains, radical scavenging, water entrapping abilities, as well as the hydroxyl groups, which interact at the functional sites of protein molecules. Furthermore, polysaccharides and protein hydrolysates are the potential ingredients with trifunctional cryoproperties. However, more scientific research is required for material optimization to attain the desired level of cryoprotection.
Climate friction: How climate change communication produces resistance to concern
Authors: Lucas Chloe H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCommunication about climate change has never been more urgent. But what if talking about a need for concern about climate change actually contributes to resistance against such concern? I argue that in an effort to stimulate concern and action, climate communicators often fail to listen and give respect to the values and experiences of publics who are unconcerned about climate change. Climate change narratives tend to pathologise unconcern as a negative and uniform attitude, without reflecting critically on the sources of these narratives beyond scientific facts. In shaping normative and unreflexive narratives of concern and failing to address the actual concerns and priorities of diverse publics, communicators can effectively co‐produce counter‐narratives. In response, in this article I share the stories of people who identify as unconcerned about climate change. Their narratives reveal processes of discursive friction between the concerned and the unconcerned, through which values, priorities, and assumptions are brought into conflict. Recognising and representing the messiness and plurality of attitudes to climate change could generate more useful forms of friction, shifting from antagonistic to agonistic and productive discourse. Avoiding polarised narratives of climate concern and unconcern is vital to enable a broader participation in diverse coalitions for climate action.
Fast voltage‐dependent sodium (NaV) currents are functionally expressed in mouse corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells
Authors: Lim Xin Rui , Bradley Eamonn , Griffin Caoimhin S. , Hollywood Mark A. , Sergeant Gerard P. , Thornbury Keith D. 
Published: November 2021

Background and PurposeCorpus cavernosum smooth muscle (CCSM) exhibits phasic contractions that are coordinated by ion channels. Mouse models are commonly used to study erectile dysfunction, but there are few published electrophysiological studies of mouse CCSM. We describe the voltage‐dependent sodium (NaV) currents in mouse CCSM and investigate their function.Experimental ApproachWe used electrophysiological, pharmacological and immunocytochemical methods to study the NaV currents in isolated CCSM cells from C57BL/6 mice. Tension measurements were carried out using crural sections of the corpus cavernosum in whole tissue.Key ResultsFast, voltage‐dependent, sodium currents in mouse CCSM were induced by depolarising steps. Steady‐state activation and inactivation curves revealed a window current between −60 and −30 mV. Two populations of NaV currents, ‘TTX‐sensitive’ and ‘TTX‐insensitive’, were identified. TTX‐sensitive currents showed 48% block with the NaV channel subtype‐specific blockers ICA‐121431 (NaV1.1–1.3), PF‐05089771 (NaV1.7) and 4,9‐anhydro‐TTX (NaV1.6). TTX‐insensitive currents were resistant to blockade by A803467, specific for NaV1.8 channels. Immunocytochemistry confirmed expression of NaV1.5 and NaV1.4 in freshly dispersed CCSM cells. Veratridine, a NaV channel activator, reduced time‐dependent inactivation of NaV currents and increased duration of evoked action potentials. Veratridine induced phasic contractions in CCSM strips, reversible with TTX and nifedipine but not KB‐R7943.Conclusion and ImplicationsThere are fast, voltage‐dependent, sodium currents in mouse CCSM. Stimulation of these currents increased contractility of CCSM in vitro, suggesting an involvement in detumescence and potentially providing a clinically relevant target in erectile dysfunction. Further work will be necessary to define its role.
Sedimentary response of the deep eastern Mediterranean basin to the north African desertification, sea level variation and regional tectonics
Authors: Schattner U. , Kanari M. , Goodman‐Tchernov B. N. , de Mahiques M. M. , Bernhardt A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe buildup of a continental rise and its morphological patterns depend on sediment transport and deposition via downslope slumps, turbidity currents, along‐slope contourites and other deepwater currents. These delivery mechanisms are central to source‐to‐sink reconstructions, yet untangling their individual roles is not straightforward. The current study focuses on the sink section of the Nile system at the northern Levant continental rise (eastern Mediterranean). During the Pliocene, fluvial systems from northern Africa and the Levant margin supplied sediments to the study area. This supply decreased significantly during the Quaternary because of two processes: (a) The aridification of North Africa made the Nile River the predominant contributor to the basin; (b) the topographic rise of the Levant landmass severely limited fluvial supply. Meanwhile, on‐going counter‐clockwise marine currents became the prevalent supply system to the Levant margin, and downslope sediment‐transport became the only source to the northern Levant continental rise, which became a significant sink of the larger Nile system. These conditions provide an excellent natural laboratory for understanding the individual role of downslope sediment‐transport processes in building a continental rise. This research is based on single‐channel sparker seismic data, multibeam bathymetry and four 7–8 m long piston‐cores collected over the northern Levant continental rise at water depths of 1200–1800 m, together with available multibeam bathymetry and industrial multi‐channel seismic reflection data. The results show a major depositional changeover during the Pliocene‐Quaternary transition from concordant aggradation to repeated deposition of >12 sediment wave subunits, interpreted as upslope migrating cyclic steps. Quantitative analysis of the sediment wave morphology at the seafloor and subsurface, along with core data, indicates that the immediate sediment source was the nearby shelf. The supply was regulated by basinward‐landward shifts of the shore‐parallel marine currents during lowstand‐highstand conditions (respectively). Hence, this case study highlights the connection between sea‐level change and sedimentation patterns on a continental rise.
Borders, varieties and distribution costs: Evidence from a US–Canada retail chain
Authors: Li Nicholas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUsing data from a large retailer operating in Canada and the United States, I examine how market size and retailer size at the local and regional levels shape the variety of products available to consumers at a given store. The average Canadian store carries many fewer varieties, and I show that this has a potentially large (negative) effect on consumer welfare for Canadian (vs. American) shoppers. I propose a novel method to quantify the international difference in retail distribution costs and find evidence that they are much higher in Canada. Exploiting intra‐national variation in market and retailer characteristics, I find that up to a quarter of the international variety gap can be explained by observed local and regional market characteristics that lead to larger retail scale in the United States. I also show that retailer scale has independent effects on product variety, conditional on market characteristics, and that manufacturer size and retailer size are substitutes in distribution.
Can 5‐month‐old infants consider the perspective of a novel eyeless agent? New evidence for early mentalistic reasoning
Authors: Choi Youjung , Luo Yuyan , Baillargeon Renée 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIs early reasoning about an agent's knowledge best characterized by a mentalistic stance, a teleological stance, or both? In this research, 5‐month‐old infants (N = 64, 50% female, 83% White) saw a novel eyeless agent consistently approach object‐A as opposed to object‐B. Although infants could always see both objects, a screen separated object‐B from the agent. When object‐B protruded above the screen, infants interpreted the agent's actions as revealing a preference for object‐A over object‐B. When object‐B did not protrude above the screen, however, infants refrained from attributing such a preference: Consistent with mentalistic accounts, they reasoned that the agent's representation of the scene did not include object‐B, and they used the agent's incomplete representation, non‐egocentrically, to interpret its actions.
Contribution of warm habitat to cold‐water fisheries
Authors: Hahlbeck Nick , Tinniswood William R. , Sloat Matthew R. , Ortega Jordan D. , Wyatt Matthew A. , Hereford Mark E. , Ramirez Ben S. , Crook David A. , Anlauf‐Dunn Kara J. , Armstrong Jonathan B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA central tenet of landscape ecology is that mobile species depend on complementary habitats, which are insufficient in isolation, but combine to support animals through the full annual cycle. However, incorporating the dynamic needs of mobile species into conservation strategies remains a challenge, particularly in the context of climate adaptation planning. For cold‐water fishes, it is widely assumed that maximum temperatures are limiting and that summer data alone can predict refugia and population persistence. We tested these assumptions in populations of redband rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss newberrii) in an arid basin, where the dominance of hot, hyperproductive water in summer emulates threats of climate change predicted for cold‐water fish in other basins. We used telemetry to reveal seasonal patterns of movement and habitat use. Then, we compared contributions of hot and cool water to growth with empirical indicators of diet and condition (gut contents, weight–length ratios, electric phase angle, and stable isotope signatures) and a bioenergetics model. During summer, trout occurred only in cool tributaries or springs (<20 °C) and avoided Upper Klamath Lake (>25 °C). During spring and fall, ≥65% of trout migrated to the lake (5–50 km) to forage. Spring and fall growth (mean [SD] 0.58% per day [0.80%] and 0.34 per day [0.55%], respectively) compensated for a net loss of energy in cool summer refuges (–0.56% per day [0.55%]). In winter, ≥90% of trout returned to tributaries (25–150 km) to spawn. Thus, although perennially cool tributaries supported thermal refuge and spawning, foraging opportunities in the seasonally hot lake ultimately fueled these behaviors. Current approaches to climate adaptation would prioritize the tributaries for conservation but would devalue critical foraging habitat because the lake is unsuitable and unoccupied during summer. Our results empirically demonstrate that warm water can fuel cold‐water fisheries and challenge the common practice of identifying refugia based only on summer conditions.
Identifying opportunities for expert‐mediated triangulation in monitoring wildlife trade on social media
Authors: Davies Alisa , Hinsley Amy , Nuno Ana , Martin Rowan O. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWildlife trade has rapidly expanded on social media platforms in recent years, offering an easy means for traders to access international markets. Investigating this trade activity poses a complex challenge to researchers seeking to understand online trade and moderators seeking to disrupt illicit and harmful activity. Current survey methods frequently rely on text‐based searches and focus on posts in which the advertisement is explicit. However, such approaches risk overlooking a growing volume of relevant content, particularly outside social media groups. We used posts from pages promoting West African birds for trade as a case study to explore the availability of information for making inferences about trade activity on social media, specifically information indicating that trade activity was occurring or that could be used to infer trade routes. We recorded 400 posts from 12 pages that we inferred either promoted or facilitated wildlife trade, of which 19.7% were explicit advertisements and 23.8% contained taxa‐related terms. In the remaining 341 posts, profile information was the most common indicator of trade activity, but a variety of indicators (e.g., images of birds in trade and trade enquiries) were identified across imagery, text, and comments. We identified multiple types of geographical information that could help infer trade routes and thus the likely legality of trade, although most were relatively rare and sometimes contradictory. Our findings suggest that triangulating multiple types of information from within, across, and beyond posts is vital for effectively identifying and interpreting wildlife trade content on social media. Therefore, were commend that expert‐mediated triangulation should be integrated in and used alongside automated detection systems and moderating practices of social media companies.
Hand eczema and lifestyle factors in the Dutch general population: Evidence for smoking, chronic stress, and obesity
Authors: Loman Laura , Schuttelaar Marie L. A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundSeveral risk factors, among other lifestyle factors, have been suggested for hand eczema (HE).ObjectivesTo investigate a possible association between HE and lifestyle factors, including smoking, alcohol consumption, stress, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, physical activity, diet, and amount of sleep in the Dutch general population.MethodsData from the large population‐based LifeLines Cohort Study was used. Individuals with HE in the past year were identified by a cross‐sectional questionnaire in 2020. At baseline, information on lifestyle factors was collected.ResultsIn total 57 046 individuals were included in the present analysis. Smoking ≥8 cigarettes/day, and smoking ≥15 pack years showed a positive association with HE in the past year. In addition, chronic stress, a BMI >30 kg/m2, and a waist circumference of >90 cm were positively associated with HE in the past year.ConclusionsThe current study indicates that lifestyle factors are associated with HE. Advice regarding lifestyle factors might contribute to enhance overall health, of which HE might possibly benefit in conjunction. Further studies should also focus on the association between lifestyle factors and the severity and prognosis of HE rather than on occurrence alone.
Resting‐state language network neuroplasticity in post‐stroke music listening: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sihvonen Aleksi J. , Pitkäniemi Anni , Leo Vera , Soinila Seppo , Särkämö Teppo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that post‐stroke vocal music listening can aid language recovery, but the network‐level functional neuroplasticity mechanisms of this effect are unknown. Here, we sought to determine if improved language recovery observed after post‐stroke listening to vocal music is driven by changes in longitudinal resting‐state functional connectivity within the language network. Using data from a single‐blind randomized controlled trial on stroke patients (N = 38), we compared the effects of daily listening to self‐selected vocal music, instrumental music and audio books on changes of the resting‐state functional connectivity within the language network and their correlation to improved language skills and verbal memory during the first 3 months post‐stroke. From acute to 3‐month stage, the vocal music and instrumental music groups increased functional connectivity between a cluster comprising the left inferior parietal areas and the language network more than the audio book group. However, the functional connectivity increase correlated with improved verbal memory only in the vocal music group cluster. This study shows that listening to vocal music post‐stroke promotes recovery of verbal memory by inducing changes in longitudinal functional connectivity in the language network. Our results conform to the variable neurodisplacement theory underpinning aphasia recovery.