bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of constraint: a clinical inquiry of digital infrastructuring in municipalities
Authors: Khisro Jwan , Lindroth Tomas , Magnusson Johan 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to contribute to research concerning the role of digital infrastructure in digital government. This is done by answering the research question: how does digital infrastructuring constrain ambidexterity in public sector organizations?

Design/methodology/approach
The research is designed as a clinical inquiry in a large Swedish municipality, involving data collection in the form of interviews and internal documents. The method of analysis involves both exploring generative mechanisms in digital infrastructuring and theorizing on the findings based on previous literature.

Findings
The findings identify four generative mechanisms through which stability and change in digital infrastructuring constrain ambidexterity in terms of both efficiency (exploitation) and innovation (exploration).

Research limitations/implications
This study’s limitations are related to international and intersectoral transferability and risks associated with its approach to clinical inquiry. The main implications are its contribution to the literature on how stability counteracts not only innovation but also efficiency and how change counteracts not only efficiency but also innovation.

Practical implications
This study identifies clear generative mechanisms that should be avoided by managers striving for digital government, and it offers clear recommendations for said managers regarding how to avoid them.

Social implications
This study offers implications for national-level digital infrastructure policy and contributes to efforts to increase the capabilities of digital government.

Originality/value
As two of the four identified generative mechanisms are novel contributions, this study offers a concrete addition to existing research. This study has resulted in factual change in the studied organization as well as at the national level through successful dissemination of the findings for both policy and practice in other public sector organizations.
Accounting for Longer‐Run Changes in Australian House Prices
Authors: Otto Glenn 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMiles and Monro (2020) show a large proportion of the long‐run increase in real house prices in the United Kingdom is due to persistent, but unanticipated, declines in the risk‐free real interest rate. Applying their user cost method to Australia indicates longer‐run growth in real house prices is better accounted for by changes in the real mortgage rate than in the risk‐free rate, especially during the period 2004–2019. Declines in real mortgage rates during the COVID‐19 pandemic are consistent with long‐run growth in house prices in the range of 10–50 per cent.
Understanding Housing Affordability in Australia
Authors: Cho Yunho , Li Shuyun May , Uren Lawrence 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe evaluate housing affordability in Australia particularly as it relates to the ability of households to purchase a home. An overview of trends in the Australian housing market is provided with a discussion of rising house prices and falling home ownership. We then provide an estimate of the fundamental price of housing at capital‐city level based upon the user cost of housing. We also discuss policies that have been used and policies that could be used to improve housing affordability. We conclude with a brief discussion of the long term barriers to housing affordability.
The Distributional Effects of Monetary Policy: Evidence from Local Housing Markets in Australia
Authors: La Cava Gianni , He Calvin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe effect of monetary policy on housing prices varies significantly across local housing markets. This heterogeneity across local housing markets can be partly explained by variation in housing supply conditions—housing prices are typically more sensitive to changes in interest rates in areas where land is more expensive. The fact that housing prices in more expensive areas are more sensitive to changes in interest rates than in cheaper areas indicates that lower (higher) interest rates increase (decrease) housing wealth inequality. However, the effects of monetary policy on housing wealth inequality appear to be temporary. Other factors also explain the variation in sensitivity to monetary policy across local housing markets with the sensitivity being greater in areas in which incomes are relatively high, households are more indebted and there are more housing investors. This suggests that the sensitivity of housing prices to monetary policy is state dependent.
Emergency unemployment benefits and health care spending during Covid
Authors: Evangelist Michael , Wu Pinghui , Shaefer H. Luke 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the impact of the $600 per week Federal Pandemic Unemployment Compensation (FPUC) payments on health care services spending during the Covid pandemic and to investigate if this impact varied by state Medicaid expansion status.Data SourcesThis study leverages novel, publicly available data from Opportunity Insights capturing consumer credit and debit card spending on health care services for January 18–August 15, 2020 as well as information on unemployment insurance claims, Covid cases, and state policy changes.Study DesignUsing triple‐differences estimation, we leverage two sources of variation—within‐state change in the unemployment insurance claims rate and the introduction of FPUC payments—to estimate the moderating effect of FPUC on health care spending losses as unemployment rises. Results are stratified by state Medicaid expansion status.Extraction MethodsNot applicable.Principal FindingsFor each percentage point increase in the unemployment insurance claims rate, health care spending declined by 1.0% (<0.05) in Medicaid expansion states and by 2.0% (<0.01) in nonexpansion states. However, FPUC partially mitigated this association, boosting spending by 0.8% (<0.001) and 1.3% (<0.05) in Medicaid expansion and nonexpansion states, respectively, for every percentage point increase in the unemployment insurance claims rate.ConclusionsWe find that FPUC bolstered health care spending during the Covid pandemic, but that both the negative consequences of unemployment and moderating effects of federal income supports were greatest in states that did not adopt Medicaid expansion. These results indicate that emergency federal spending helped to sustain health care spending during a period of rising unemployment. Yet, the effectiveness of this program also suggests possible unmet demand for health care services, particularly in states that did not adopt Medicaid expansion.
Involvement of glucose transporter 4 in ovarian development and reproductive maturation of Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Li Yan , Wang Sha‐Sha , Wang Su , Wang Shi‐Gui , Tang Bin , Liu Fang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGlucose is vital to embryogenesis, as are glucose transporters. Glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) is one of the glucose transporters, which is involved in rapid uptake of glucose by various cells and promotes glucose homeostasis. Although energy metabolism in insect reproduction is well known, the molecular mechanism of Glut4 in insect reproduction is poorly understood. We suspect that Glut4 is involved in maintaining glucose concentrations in the ovaries and affecting vitellogenesis, which is critical for subsequent oocyte maturation and insect fertility. Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) is a model organism for genetic research and a natural enemy of insect pests. We studied the influence of the Glut4 gene on the reproduction and development of H. axyridis using RNA interference technology. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that HaGlut4 was most highly expressed in adults. Knockdown of the HaGlut4 gene reduced the transcript levels of HaGlut4, and the weight and number of eggs produced significantly decreased. In addition, the transcript levels of vitellogenin receptor and vitellogenin in the fat bodies and the ovaries of H. axyridis decreased after the interference of Glut4, and decreased the triglyceride, fatty acid, total amino acid and adenosine triphosphate content of H. axyridis. This resulted in severe blockage of ovary development and reduction of yolk formation; there was no development of ovarioles in the developing oocytes. These changes indicate that a lack of HaGlut4 can impair ovarian development and oocyte maturation and result in decreased fecundity.
Technology‐mediated just‐in‐time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) to reduce harmful substance use: a systematic review
Authors: Perski Olga , Hébert Emily T. , Naughton Felix , Hekler Eric B. , Brown Jamie , Businelle Michael S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsLapse risk when trying to stop or reduce harmful substance use is idiosyncratic, dynamic and multi‐factorial. Just‐in‐time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) aim to deliver tailored support at moments of need or opportunity. We aimed to synthesize evidence on decision points, tailoring variables, intervention options, decision rules, study designs, user engagement and effectiveness of technology‐mediated JITAIs for reducing harmful substance use.MethodsSystematic review of empirical studies of any design with a narrative synthesis. We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, the ACM Digital Library, the IEEE Digital Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, the ISRCTN register and dblp using terms related to substance use/mHealth/JITAIs. Outcomes were user engagement and intervention effectiveness. Study quality was assessed with the mHealth Evidence Reporting and Assessment checklist.FindingsWe included 17 reports of 14 unique studies, including two randomized controlled trials. JITAIs targeted alcohol (S = 7, n = 120 520), tobacco (S = 4, n = 187), cannabis (S = 2, n = 97) and a combination of alcohol and illicit substance use (S = 1, n = 63), and primarily relied on active measurement and static (i.e. time‐invariant) decision rules to deliver support tailored to micro‐scale changes in mood or urges. Two studies used data from prior participants and four drew upon theory to devise decision rules. Engagement with available JITAIs was moderate‐to‐high and evidence of effectiveness was mixed. Due to substantial heterogeneity in study designs and outcome variables assessed, no meta‐analysis was performed. Many studies reported insufficient detail on JITAI infrastructure, content, development costs and data security.ConclusionsCurrent implementations of just‐in‐time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) for reducing harmful substance use rely on active measurement and static decision rules to deliver support tailored to micro‐scale changes in mood or urges. Studies on JITAI effectiveness are lacking.
Association between discontinuing chronic opioid therapy and newly diagnosed substance use disorders, accidents, self‐inflicted injuries and drug overdoses within the prescribers' health care system: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hayes Corey J. , Krebs Erin E. , Li Chenghui , Brown Joshua , Hudson Teresa , Martin Bradley C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and aimPrescribers are commonly confronted with discontinuing opioid therapy among patients prescribed chronic opioid therapy (COT). This study aimed to measure the association between discontinuing COT and diagnoses of substance use disorders (SUDs) and opioid‐related adverse outcomes (AOs).DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingUnited States Veterans Healthcare Administration.ParticipantsVeterans with chronic pain on COT who discontinued opioid therapy were compared with those continuing COT using data from fiscal years 2009 to 2015.MeasurementsNewly diagnosed substance use disorders (SUD composite; individual types: opioid, non‐opioid drug and alcohol use disorders) and opioid‐related adverse outcomes (AO composite; individual types: accidents resulting in wounds/injuries, opioid‐related accidents/overdoses, alcohol and non‐opioid medication‐related accidents/overdoses, self‐inflicted injuries and violence‐related injuries) were evaluated. Primary analyses were conducted using 1:1 matching of discontinuers with those continuing COT based on propensity score and index date (±180‐day window). Sensitivity analyses were conducted using logistic regressions with stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting (SIPTW) and instrumental variable (IV) models.FindingsA total of 15 695 (75.4%) and 17 337 (76.6%) discontinuers were matched with those continuing COT among the cohorts testing SUD and AO development respectively. In the primary propensity score matched analyses, the composite SUD outcome was not different between discontinuers and those continuing COT (OR = 0.932, 95% CI = 0.850, 1.022). The composite AO outcome was lower among discontinuers (OR = 0.660, 95% CI = 0.623, 0.699) compared with those continuing COT. SIPTW analyses found lower SUD (OR = 0.789, 95% CI = 0.743, 0.837), and AO (OR = 0.660, 95% CI = 0.623, 0.699) rates among discontinuers. IV models found mixed and sometimes contradictory results.ConclusionsDiscontinuing patients from chronic opioid therapy appears to be associated with decreased diagnoses for opioid‐related adverse outcomes. The association with substance use disorders appears to be inconclusive.
Clinical assessment of liver metabolism during hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion using microdialysis
Authors: Patrono Damiano , Roggio Dorotea , Mazzeo Anna Teresa , Catalano Giorgia , Mazza Elena , Rizza Giorgia , Gambella Alessandro , Rigo Federica , Leone Nicola , Elia Vincenzo , Dondossola Daniele , Lonati Caterina , Fanelli Vito , Romagnoli Renato 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhile growing evidence supports the use of hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion (HOPE) in liver transplantation, its effects on liver metabolism are still incompletely understood.MethodsTo assess liver metabolism during HOPE using microdialysis (MD), we conducted an open‐label, observational pilot study on 10 consecutive grafts treated with dual‐HOPE (D‐HOPE). Microdialysate and perfusate levels of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, glutamate, and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) were measured during back table preparation and D‐HOPE and correlated to graft function and patient outcome.ResultsMedian (IQR) MD and D‐HOPE time was 228 (210, 245) and 116 (103, 143) min. Three grafts developed early allograft dysfunction (EAD), with one requiring retransplantation. During D‐HOPE, MD glucose and lactate levels increased (ANOVA = 9.88 [p = 0.01] and 3.71 [p = 0.08]). Their 2nd‐hour levels were higher in EAD group and positively correlated with L‐GrAFT score. 2nd‐hour MD glucose and lactate were also positively correlated with cold ischemia time, macrovesicular steatosis, weight gain during D‐HOPE, and perfusate FMN. These correlations were not apparent when perfusate levels were considered. In contrast, MD FMN levels invariably dropped steeply after D‐HOPE start, whereas perfusate FMN was higher in dysfunctioning grafts.ConclusionMD glucose and lactate during D‐HOPE are markers of hepatocellular injury and could represent additional elements of the viability assessment.
Usefulness of a stepwise training program for laparoscopic gastrectomy
Authors: Nishi Masaaki , Shimada Mitsuo , Yoshikawa Kozo , Tokunaga Takuya , Kashihara Hideya , Takasu Chie , Yoshimoto Toshiaki , Iwahashi Shoko 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionLaparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) is a complicated procedure with a long learning curve. This study was performed to investigate the usefulness of our stepwise training program for LG for improving the quality of the surgery.MethodsThe stepwise training method comprised the following four steps: (1) basic training using a dry box and checking by mentors; (2) advanced training, including the use of animals and cadavers; (3) clinical experience, including standardization and preoperative three‐dimensional simulation; and (4) self‐assessment and feedback. In total, 153 patients who underwent curative gastrectomy for gastric cancer were included in this study.ResultsThe operative time gradually decreased for both laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (LDG) (2013, 395 minutes; 2017, 278 minutes; P < .001; ρ = −0.68) and laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) (2013, 476 minutes; 2017, 319 minutes; P < .001; ρ = −0.56). The blood loss volume gradually decreased for both LDG (2013, 43.0 mL; 2017, 18.6 mL; P < .005; ρ = −0.30) and LTG (2013, 143.8 mL; 2017, 13.5 mL; P < .005; ρ = −0.41).ConclusionsOur stepwise training program contributes to reduce operation time and blood loss in LG.
Rethinking the issue of reparations for Black Americans
Authors: Chapman Audrey R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe differential impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on communities of color in the United States along with the civil unrest taking place in 2020 in response to the killing of unarmed Black men and women by the police have increased awareness of the structural racism pervading US society. These developments have reraised the issue of reparations for Black Americans, usually proposed in the context of providing financial compensation for the injustices of slavery to the descendants of those who were enslaved. This paper will discuss the systematic racial inequality and structural racism in US society that have significantly disadvantaged racial and ethnic minorities while giving advantages to white Americans, which most recently have resulted in significantly higher mortality and morbidity among Black, Hispanic, and Native Americans during the pandemic. The paper will conceptualize reparations within the context of theories of reparative justice. It will also consider whether reparations are owed, and if so, by whom, to whom, and in what form. The final section will offer a proposal for collective reparations to the Black community and other people of color.
The predictive value of patient, therapist, and in‐session ratings of motivational factors early in remote cognitive behavioural therapy for severe health anxiety
Authors: Malins Sam , Moghaddam Nima , Morriss Richard , Schröder Thomas , Brown Paula , Boycott Naomi 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesRemote psychotherapy and the prevalence of Severe Health Anxiety (SHA) are both growing as a result of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Remotely delivered Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (rCBT) for SHA is evidenced as effective, but many who seek help do not benefit. Motivational processes can influence outcomes, but it is unclear what assessment methods offer the best clinical utility in rCBT for SHA.DesignThis study compared the predictive validity of patient, therapist and in‐session ratings of motivational factors taken at session two of rCBT for SHA among high healthcare users experiencing multimorbidity.MethodsMotivational factors were assessed for 56 participants who attended at least two sessions of CBT for SHA delivered via video‐conferencing or telephone. Following session two, therapists and patients completed online assessments of patient motivation. Two trained observers also rated motivational factors and therapeutic alliance from in‐session interactions using session two recordings and transcripts. Multilevel modelling was used to predict health anxiety and a range of secondary health outcomes from motivation assessments.ResultsWhere patients were more actively engaged in discussion of positive changes during session two, greater outcome improvements ensued in health anxiety and all secondary outcomes. Conversely, larger proportions of session two spent describing problems predicted poorer outcomes. Therapist and patient assessments of motivation did not predict health anxiety, but therapist assessments of client confidence and motivation predicted all secondary outcomes.ConclusionsMotivation remains an important process in CBT when delivered remotely, and motivational factors may predict outcomes more consistently from in‐session interactions, compared to self‐reports.
Interactive effects of elevation and newly paved road on avian community composition in a scientific reserve, Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea
Authors: Miller Steven C. , Wiethase Joris H. , Motove Etingue Amancio , Franklin Elaine , Fero Maximilliano , Wolfe Jared D. , Gonder Mary K. , Powell Luke L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUnderstanding interactive effects between anthropogenic disturbance and abiotic factors on species turnover can help to identify and prioritize conservation of potentially vulnerable tropical bird communities. We investigated the potential factors influencing avian understory community composition along with a recently constructed road across three elevations (300, 800, and 1200 m), each with two sampling sites (road edge vs. interior forest), over a four‐year period on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. Insectivorous species were the most abundant guild‐sampled accounting for 55% of total species diversity within the dataset followed by frequent mixed‐flock followers (48%). Habitat associated with elevation was the most significant factor influencing the composition of avian communities. Additionally, we identified species with clear statistical associations for each elevation: the yellow‐lored bristlebill (Bleda notatus), olive sunbird (Cyanomitra obscura), and white‐tailed warbler (Poliolias lopezi). We found evidence for significant community differences between the disturbance edge and interior forest transects at 300 m only. Likewise, understory insectivores were found at higher numbers within the interior forest transect at this elevation. Based on the data presented here, we suggest low elevation avian understory insectivores should be considered focal species for future assessment studies in this area. Furthermore, since many traditional protected areas focus on upland habitat containing high species endemism, our findings emphasize the importance of equally conserving lowland elevations as they may house commonly overlooked, yet important and diverse segments of the bird community.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
The effects of reward on children’s Stroop performance: Interactions with temperament
Authors: Bryant Lauren J. , Cuevas Kimberly 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe effects of rewards on executive function (EF) reflect bidirectional interactions among motivational and executive systems that vary with age and temperament. However, methodological limitations hinder understanding of the precise influences of incentives on early EF, including the role of reward sensitivity. In this within‐subjects study, ninety‐three 3.5‐ to 5‐year‐olds (42 girls; 22% Hispanic; 78% White) residing in the United States completed equivalent EF measures (Stroop and non‐Stroop phases) in both rewarded and non‐rewarded conditions. Rewards enhanced Stroop accuracy and slowed overall response times (ds = 0.29–0.40). Critically, children with low parent‐reported reward sensitivity exhibited greater reward‐based increases in Stroop accuracy (r = −.30). These findings provide valuable insights on early motivation–cognition integration, highlighting temperament as a mechanism underlying these interactions.