bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An ethical defense of cryptocurrencies
Authors: Bagus Philipp , de la Horra Luis P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe growing importance of the cryptocurrency phenomenon has raised concerns about the ethical implications of a hypothetical widespread use of these new forms of digital money. In this paper, we undertake an ethical assessment of cryptocurrencies drawing upon two specific ethical theories: private property ethics and utilitarianism. Particularly, we focus on three distinctive aspects. First, we examine the advantages and disadvantages of cryptocurrencies vis‐à‐vis central bank fiat money. Second, we analyze cryptocurrencies as facilitators of tax evasion and the ethical implications arising therefrom. Finally, we explore the use of cryptocurrencies for nefarious consumption. We conclude that, were cryptocurrencies to become widespread media of exchange, governments capacity to undertake monetary, fiscal, and drug policy would be undermined. We argue that this would be an ethically desirable outcome from both a private‐property‐rights and a utilitarian perspective since it would force governments to reduce their size and scope in these three areas.
A HOPS protein, CfVps39, is required for appressorium formation, environmental stress response and vacuolar fusion of Colletotrichum fructicola
Authors: Li Sizheng , Zhang Shengpei , Li He 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe tea‐oil tree Camellia oleifera is native to China and is cultivated in many parts of southern China. Anthracnose on Ca. oleifera is one of the most serious diseases in China. The major causal pathogen of tea‐oil anthracnose is Colletotrichum fructicola, but the detailed molecular mechanisms of its pathogenicity are still largely unclear. Vacuolar protein sorting 39 (Vps39) is a component of the homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting (HOPS) complex. To investigate the role of HOPS proteins in the fungal plant anthracnose pathogen C. fructicola, the CfVPS39 gene was deleted. This resulted in reduced mycelial growth, conidial production and complete loss of pathogenicity on tea‐oil leaves and fruits. In addition, ∆Cfvps39 showed increased sensitivity to cell wall stress, osmotic stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Further analysis revealed that CfVps39 is required for appressorium formation and homotypic vacuole fusion, both important for fungal pathogen invasion. Our study provides evidence that CfVps39 has a role in conidiation, stress response, appressorium formation, homotypic vacuole fusion and virulence against tea‐oil. This research not only provides the theories for revealing the pathogenic molecular mechanism of C. fructicola, but also has important guiding significance to reveal new fungicide targets to control this devastating disease.
Hospital readmissions following infections in dementia: a nationwide and registry‐based cohort study
Authors: Janbek Janet , Frimodt‐Møller Niels , Laursen Thomas Munk , Waldemar Gunhild 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionWe aimed to investigate readmission risks following infections in dementia, identify the types of infections behind the risks, and highlight the reasons for readmissions.MethodsAcute inpatient hospital admissions for infections in Danish residents were included from 1 January 2000, or age 65 years. Primary outcomes were 7‐day readmissions risk ratios (RRs; risk following infection index admissions of people with dementia relative to those without dementia), risks by infection site, and reasons for readmission. Secondary outcomes were 30‐ and 90‐day readmission risks. Competing risk of death was estimated.ResultsSeven‐day readmission RR was increased in all age groups and was highest in the youngest patients (women RR: 1.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22–1.53; men RR: 1.23, 95% CI 1.12–1.35). RRs decreased with increasing age and longer follow‐up. The most notable common readmissions were for infections and dehydration in dementia.ConclusionsWe conclude that there is a substantially increased readmission risk in people with dementia than in those without dementia, particularly within 7 days, and for the youngest in the cohort. Readmission risks were higher for infection index admissions than for admissions for causes other than infection, and readmissions were mostly due to infections. Our findings highlight the burden of infections in people with dementia and call for in‐depth investigations of determinants related to readmission risks, to inform public policy and identify avenues for interventions that can decrease or prevent potentially avoidable readmissions.
Effect of fenfluramine on convulsive seizures in CDKL5 deficiency disorder
Authors: Devinsky Orrin , King LaToya , Schwartz Danielle , Conway Erin , Price Dana 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) is an X‐linked pharmacoresistant neurogenetic disorder characterized by global developmental delays and uncontrolled seizures. Fenfluramine (FFA), an antiseizure medication (ASM) indicated for treating convulsive seizures in Dravet syndrome, was assessed in six patients (five female; 83%) with CDD whose seizures had failed 5–12 ASMs or therapies. Median age at enrollment was 6.5 years (range: 2–26 years). Mean FFA treatment duration was 5.3 months (range: 2–9 months) at 0.4 mg/kg/day (n = 2) or 0.7 mg/kg/day (n = 4; maximum: 26 mg/day). One patient had valproate added for myoclonic seizures. The ASM regimens of all other patients were stable. Among five patients with tonic‐clonic seizures, FFA treatment resulted in a median 90% reduction in frequency (range: 86%–100%). Tonic seizure frequency was reduced by 50%–60% in two patients with this seizure type. One patient experienced fewer myoclonic seizures; one patient first developed myoclonic seizures on FFA, which were controlled with valproate. Adverse events were reported in two patients. The patient with added valproate experienced lethargy; one patient had decreased appetite and flatus. No patient developed valvular heart disease or pulmonary arterial hypertension. Our preliminary results suggest that FFA may be a promising ASM for CDD. Randomized clinical trials are warranted.
Group‐level variation in co‐feeding tolerance between two sanctuary‐housed communities of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: van Leeuwen Edwin J.C. , Van Donink Sanne , Eens Marcel , Stevens Jeroen M.G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSocial tolerance in group‐living animals can be viewed as a counterweight against competitive interests necessary to obtain coexistence equilibrium and maintain group cohesion. As such, it forms an interesting phenomenon to study at the group level, but how can this be done most informatively? Here, we use three group‐level co‐feeding assays and social network analysis to study social tolerance in two groups of chimpanzees living under similar circumstances within a sanctuary to i) reassess whether social tolerance may be a group‐specific parameter in chimpanzees and derive inferences about its long‐term stability, and ii) compare the characteristics and resultant patterns between two established and one new assay. We show that the three assays expose the same (predicted) group‐level differences in social tolerance as in the previous study eight years ago, thereby providing preliminary evidence for stability in group‐specific levels of social tolerance in chimpanzees, despite changing group compositions. Furthermore, from an experimental point of view, we identify the new assay as more valid than the two established ones based on the consideration that resources may deplete at different rates across groups, which would consequently alter the need for tolerance differentially. We discuss implications for the study of social tolerance and highlight the importance of taking into account intraspecific variation in social animals.
A time‐dependent stress and strain estimation method for notched components of power‐law creep materials under combined primary and secondary loads
Authors: Gong Cheng , Gong Jian‐Guo , Xuan Fu‐Zhen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFinite element analyses on notched beams and axis‐symmetric pipes of power‐law creep materials subjected to combined primary and secondary loads are performed in this work. In view of the characteristics of time‐dependent strain energy density at notches under combined loads, a time‐dependent stress and strain estimation method to address the primary and secondary loads has been proposed by considering the stress ratio between the reference stress devoted by primary stress and the total reference stress. The applicability of the modified method to notched components with different geometrical configurations and load conditions is discussed. Good agreement between the results of inelastic analysis and the modified method is observed.
Systems genetic analysis of binge‐like eating in a C57BL/6J x DBA/2J‐F2 cross
Authors: Yao Emily J. , Babbs Richard K. , Kelliher Julia C. , Luttik Kimberly P. , Borrelli Kristyn N. , Damaj M. Imad , Mulligan Megan K. , Bryant Camron D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBinge eating is a heritable trait associated with eating disorders and refers to the rapid consumption of a large quantity of energy‐dense food that is, associated with loss of control and negative affect. Binge eating disorder is the most common eating disorder in the United States; however, the genetic basis is unknown. We previously identified robust mouse inbred strain differences between C57BL/6J and DBA/2J in binge‐like eating of sweetened palatable food in an intermittent access, conditioned place preference paradigm. To map the genetic basis of changes in body weight and binge‐like eating (BLE) and to identify candidate genes, we conducted quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis in 128 C57BL/6J x DBA/2J‐F2 mice combined with PheQTL and trait covariance analysis in GeneNetwork2 using legacy BXD‐RI trait datasets. We identified a QTL on Chromosome 18 influencing changes in body weight across days in females (log of the odds [LOD] = 6.3; 1.5‐LOD: 3–12 cM) that contains the candidate gene Zeb1. We also identified a sex‐combined QTL influencing initial palatable food intake on Chromosome 5 (LOD = 5.8; 1.5‐LOD: 21–28 cM) that contains the candidate gene Lcorl and a second QTL influencing escalated palatable food intake on Chromosome 6 in males (LOD = 5.4; 1.5‐LOD: 50–59 cM) that contains the candidate genes Adipor2 and Plxnd1. Finally, we identified a suggestive QTL in females for slope of BLE on distal Chromosome 18 (LOD = 4.1; p = 0.055; 1.5‐LOD: 23–35 cM). Future studies will use BXD‐RI strains to fine map loci and support candidate gene nomination for gene editing.
A new model for silicification of cyanobacteria in Proterozoic tidal flats
Authors: Moore Kelsey R. , Gong Jian , Pajusalu Mihkel , Skoog Emilie J. , Xu Megan , Feliz Soto Tania , Sojo Victor , Matreux Thomas , Baldes Matthew J. , Braun Dieter , Williford Kenneth , Bosak Tanja 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMicrobial fossils preserved by early diagenetic chert provide a window into the Proterozoic biosphere, but seawater chemistry, microbial processes, and the interactions between microbes and the environment that contributed to this preservation are not well constrained. Here, we use fossilization experiments to explore the processes that preserve marine cyanobacterial biofilms by the precipitation of amorphous silica in a seawater medium that is analogous to Proterozoic seawater. These experiments demonstrate that the exceptional silicification of benthic marine cyanobacteria analogous to the oldest diagnostic cyanobacterial fossils requires interactions among extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), photosynthetically induced pH changes, magnesium cations (Mg2+), and >70 ppm silica.
Modification of volatile profiles of silver carp surimi gel by immersion treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
Authors: Xu Yanshun , Yang Yunyi , Liu Cikun , Sun Yingying , Wen Xinyi , Xia Wenshui 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThe effect of immersion treatment with different concentration (0, 1.0, 5.0, 20.0 and 100.0 mm) of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on volatile profiles and gel properties of silver carp surimi gel were investigated. The results showed that the immersion treatment with H2O2 obviously changed flavour characteristic of surimi gel depending on H2O2 concentration and different layers (outside, middle and inner). The contents of typical fishy off‐flavour substances such as 1‐octen‐3‐ol, heptanal, nonanal, octanal and decanal were largely reduced in the outside layer of surimi gel after H2O2 treatment, with no obvious change in the inner portion. The gel strength and whiteness were increased after H2O2 treatment with concentration higher than 20 mm. The content of carbonyl compounds was positively correlated with the concentration of H2O2, suggesting that the volatiles variation of surimi gel probably be highly related to the protein oxidation. In conclusion, immersion treatment with H2O2 provided a promising method to remove fishy odour of surimi gel with improved gel properties.
Caring perceptions and experiences of fathers of children with congenital heart disease: A systematic review of qualitative evidence
Authors: Lin Pei‐Jung , Liu Yu‐Ting , Huang Chin‐Hui , Huang Shu‐He , Chen Chi‐Wen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo identify fathers' perceptions and experiences of caring for their children with congenital heart disease.DesignA qualitative systematic review.Data sourcesPubMed, Clinical Key, the Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence‐based practice database, CINAHL Complete, Embase and PsycINFO were searched for all journal articles published before May 2020.Review methodsAfter applying the selection criteria, five studies were identified reporting on fathers with children between 1 month and 12 years. The quality of the articles was evaluated.ResultsSix main themes regarding fathers' perceptions and experiences of caring for their children with congenital heart disease were identified: (1) lack of disease knowledge, (2) responsibility to the family and emotional suppression, (3) gratitude for the sustained life of their children, (4) acceptance of being different from others, (5) regrouping and planning for the future and (6) the struggles of father–child relationships.ConclusionIn caring for their children with congenital heart disease, fathers are akin to a suffering warrior, full of hardship. With a self‐imposed sense of responsibility and suppressed emotions, fathers may feel lonely and hurt, but they must fight for their families and children.
Safety and efficacy of telephone clinics during the COVID‐19 pandemic in the provision of care for patients with cancer
Authors: Watson Naomi , Cox Anita , Sanmugarajah Jasotha , Dzienis Marcin , Hughes Ian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundDue to the COVID‐19 pandemic, telephone clinics have been utilised to reduce the risk of transmission. Evidence supporting its quality and safety is required.AimsAssess the efficacy and safety of telephone clinics in delivering care to established oncology patients and assess patient and health professionals’ preference (telephone vs face‐to‐face clinics).MethodsRetrospective chart audit in the month preceding and month following the introduction of telephone clinics at the Gold Coast University Hospital and a patient and health professional questionnaire.ResultsIn total, 1212 clinical encounters occurred in the month post the introduction of telephone clinics (vs 1208 encounters prior). There were no statistically significant differences in 24‐h (18 vs 22, P = 0.531) or 7‐day admissions (50 vs 46, P = 0.665) comparing encounters in the month prior to the introduction of telephone clinics versus the month post, but there was a statistically significant difference in 30‐day mortality post systemic therapy in favour of the post‐telephone clinic period (7 vs 0 patients, P = 0.008). Of the 222 patients who undertook the questionnaire, 42.3% preferred telephone clinics (95% confidence interval (CI) 35.97–48.97), 25.2% preferred face‐to‐face clinics (95% CI 19.92–31.39) and 32.4% did not prefer one method over another. Of the 24 health professionals who undertook the questionnaire, 70.8% felt patients preferred phone clinics.ConclusionsGenerally, patients and clinicians viewed telephone clinics favourably. Nevertheless, a large portion of patients still prefer face‐to‐face clinics. Services should be tailored to individual preferences. Although there were no ‘red flags’ in terms of mortality or admission rates, further longitudinal research is required.
Association between frailty and clinical outcomes in hospitalised patients requiring Code Blue activation
Authors: Brown Hamish , Donnan Matthew , McCafferty Jonathan , Collyer Taya , Tiruvoipati Ravindranath , Gupta Sachin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundCode Blues allow a rapid, hospital wide response to acutely deteriorating patients. The concept of frailty is being increasingly recognised as an important element in determining outcomes of critically ill patients. We hypothesised that increasing frailty would be associated with worse outcomes following a Code Blue.AimsTo investigate the association between increasing frailty and outcomes of Code Blues.MethodsSingle‐centre retrospective design of patients admitted to Frankston Hospital in Australia between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2017 who triggered a Code Blue. Frailty evaluation was made based on electronic medical records as were the details and the outcomes of the Code Blue. The primary outcome measure was a composite of hospital mortality or Cerebral Performance Categories scale ≥3. Secondary outcomes included the immediate outcome of the Code Blue and hospital mortality.ResultsOne hundred and forty‐eight of 911 screened patients were included in the final analysis. Seventy‐three were deemed ‘frail’ and the remainder deemed ‘fit’. Seventy‐eight  percent of frail patients reached the primary outcome, compared with 41% of fit patients (P < 0.001). Multivariable analysis demonstrated frailty to be associated with primary outcome (odds ratio = 2.87; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28–6.44; P = 0.01). A cardiac aetiology for the Code Blue was also associated with an increased odds of primary outcome (OR = 3.52; 95% CI 1.51–8.05; P = 0.004).ConclusionsFrailty is independently associated with the composite outcome of hospital mortality or severe disability following a Code Blue. Frailty is an important tool in prognostication for these patients and might aid in discussions regarding treatment limitations.
Efficacy of Audio‐prompted Rate Guidance in Improving Resuscitator Performance of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation on Children
Authors: Berg Robert A. , Sanders Arthur B. , Milander Melinda , Tellez David , Liu Paul , Beyda David 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of audio‐prompted rate guidance during chest compressions on the performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on children.MethodsThis 24‐month prospective study occurred in the pediatric intensive care units of a university hospital and a children's hospital. Intubated children with nontraumatic cardiac arrest were eligible. After placement of an infrared capnometer between the endotracheal tube and resuscitation bag, an audiotape instructed the resuscitator to perform chest compressions at 100 per minute or 140 per minute for one minute, followed by another minute at the other rate. End‐tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure () was recorded prior to audiotape instruction and after one minute of CPR at each rate.ResultsSix patients, two boys and four girls, with a mean age of 15 ± 13 months (range 2‐36 months) were studied. All had asystole or pulseless electrical activity. CPR was provided for 14 ± 9 minutes prior to institution of the study protocol. at 140/min was higher than at baseline (12 ± 7 torr versus 4 ± 3 torr, p < 0.05). There was a trend towards higher s at 100/min compared with baseline (11 ± 12 torr versus 4 ± 3 torr, p = 0.08). s did not differ at 100/min compared with 140/min.ConclusionsIn support of prior adult and animal investigations suggesting that basic CPR is often performed poorly and at inappropriately slow rates, audio‐prompted rate guidance during CPR in children resulted in higher , suggesting improved CPR performance.
Evolutionary rescue at different rates of environmental change is affected by trade‐offs between short‐term performance and long‐term survival
Authors: Liukkonen Martta , Kronholm Ilkka , Ketola Tarmo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAs climate change accelerates and habitats free from anthropogenic impacts diminish, populations are forced to migrate or to adapt quickly. Evolutionary rescue (ER) is a phenomenon, in which a population is able to avoid extinction through adaptation. ER is considered to be more likely at slower rates of environmental change. However, the effects of correlated characters on evolutionary rescue are seldom explored yet correlated characters could play a major role in ER. We tested how evolutionary background in different fluctuating environments and the rate of environmental change affect the probability of ER by exposing populations of the bacteria Serratia marcescens to two different rates of steady temperature increase. As suggested by theory, slower environmental change allowed populations to grow more effectively even at extreme temperatures, but at the expense of long‐term survival at extreme conditions due to correlated selection. Our results indicate important gap of knowledge on the effects of correlated selection during the environmental change and on evolutionary rescue at differently changing environments.
Targeting property flood resilience in flood risk management
Authors: Webber James L. , Chen Albert S. , Stevens John , Henderson Rob , Djordjević Slobodan , Evans Barry 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this article, we evaluate property flood resilience (PFR) to manage pluvial and combined tidal/ fluvial flood risks. We achieve this by evaluating flood risk and intervention targeting strategies across a case study in Bristol (UK) using data types generally available for preliminary option assessment. We investigate opportunities for mitigating flood damages within catchments using PFR and evaluate two targeting strategies: Installing PFR across strategic areas of a catchment and targeting interventions at specific high‐risk properties. We find that individually targeting PFR is more effective than focusing resources on specific high‐risk areas. Targeting pluvial flood measures at individual properties across our case study provides an average annual benefit per property of approximately £750 more than applying zonal targeting, supporting use of high‐resolution modelling in surface water management, and highlighting the applicability of PFR to manage damages at specific high‐risk properties which may not fall under the protection of community level defences. A similar approach provides the best outcomes for fluvial targeting; however, the hazard is more concentrated and so a zonal targeting approach may be more acceptable. Overall, we find resistance based PFR an effective intervention to mitigate damages, however complementary strategies are required when managing extreme flooding.