bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Role of the Rock and Water Programme in the Improvement of Māori and Pacifika Boys' Engagement with School
Authors:   , McMillan Andrew 
Published: November 2021

<p>The aim of this study is to explore boys’ achievement within a New Zealand secondary school. More specifically the focus of this research has been to look at the impact that an intervention programme – Rock and Water, has in improving boys’ engagement within a school. This study has explored how school engagement is defined and how it has an effect on boys. This research looked at how the school experience differs for Māori and Pasifika boys. Using secondary sources of data, this study examined how education fits within society as a form of social control and has attempted to position the school experience within containment theory. Factors considered were the dynamics within these programmes and the role teachers’ play in improving engagement. This research has specifically identified how intervention programmes might be used as a tool with schools pedagogy to raise Māori and Pasifika boys’ participation and engagement with school. A qualitative methodology was employed for this research, focusing on one New Zealand College. Primary sources of data were student questionnaires and individual student interviews. Questionnaires and interviews were also carried out with two of the teachers/facilitators delivering the programme. This study found that student engagement was improved as a consequence of their participation in the Rock and Water programme. For Māori boys, the opportunity to have fun and to connect with their peers was significant and identified by the participants in this study. For Pasifika boys, the results were mixed, those participating enjoyed it and said that it improved their engagement with school, the reasons behind why were not revealed in significant detail for this group. The pedagogies incorporated in the intervention programme (Rock and Water) had similarity with those advocated as part of Te Kōtahitanga. The weaving of Maori tikanga such as Ako, Manaakitanga and cultural performance helped in creating an environment whereby the boys participating were valued as being culturally located. For the teacher/facilitators, the initial aim of participating in the Rock and Water programme was to introduce an intervention that addressed issues of behaviour management. However as the programme grew in popularity and a space was created within the curriculum, the teacher/facilitators commented on the changing dynamic within the group. An identity based around shared values and experiences in the group was evolving. Over time this was utilised to promote participants into tuākana roles. Similarly, the embedding of the Rock and Water into the school curriculum led to it becoming part of the schools kaupapa or vision. Future challenges based on this study are to examine in greater detail the impact that the programme has in improving academic outcomes for Māori and Pasifika boys. The link between improved engagement and achievement is implied in participant responses, but quantitative data was not produced or explored due to the methodology chosen.</p>
Air Particulate Matter in Pollluted New Zealand Urban Environments: Sources, Patterns and Transport
Authors:   , Ancelet Travis 
Published: November 2021

<p>During the winters of 2010 and 2011, three intensive particulate matter (PM) monitoring campaigns were undertaken in Masterton, Alexandra and Nelson, New Zealand. The goal of these campaigns was, for the first time, to identify the sources and factors contributing to elevated PM concentrations on an hourly time-scale. In each location, hourly coarse (PM₁₀-₂.₅; particles with aerodynamic diameters 2.5 μm < d < 10 μm) and fine (PM₂.₅; particles with aerodynamic diameters < 2.5 μm) samples, PM₁₀ (particles with aerodynamic diameters < 10 μm, incorporating the coarse and fine fractions) concentrations and meteorological variables were collected from a number of sites. Using elemental concentrations determined from ion beam analysis and black carbon concentrations determined from light reflection for each hourly sample, PM sources and their contributions on an hourly time-scale were identified using positive matrix factorization (PMF). In Masterton, where two sampling sites were employed, PM₁₀ concentrations displayed distinct diurnal cycles, with peak concentrations occurring in the evening (7 pm–midnight) and in the morning (7–9 am). Four PM sources were identified (biomass burning, marine aerosol, crustal matter and vehicles) at each of the sites and biomass burning was identified as the most dominant source of PM₁₀ during both the evening and morning. One of the sites experienced consistently higher PM₁₀ concentrations and katabatic flows across Masterton were identified to be the main contributor to this phenomenon. In Alexandra and Nelson, three sampling sites on a horizontal transect (upwind, central and downwind of the general katabatic flow pathway) and a fourth site located centrally, but at a height of 26 m, were incorporated in a novel study design. Each of the sites in Alexandra and Nelson also showed diurnal patterns in PM₁₀ concentrations. The central site in Alexandra experienced consistently higher PM₁₀ concentrations and four PM₁₀ sources were identified at each of the sites (biomass burning, marine aerosol, vehicles and crustal matter). Biomass burning was identified as the main source of PM₁₀ throughout the day at each of the sites. The convergence of numerous katabatic flows was identified as the contributing factor to the elevated PM₁₀ concentrations measured at the central site. In Nelson, five PM sources were identified at each of the sites (biomass burning, vehicles, marine aerosol, shipping sulfate and crustal matter) and biomass burning was identified as the dominant source of PM₁₀ throughout the day. Katabatic flows were also identified to play an important role in PM₁₀ transport. Analyses of source-specific (wood combustion and vehicles) PM samples was also undertaken, and the results of these analyses are included in this thesis.</p>
Understanding the Effectiveness of Cross-Cultural Video-Mediated Communication
Authors:   , Nergui Selenge 
Published: November 2021

<p>People are increasingly using advanced communication technologies such as videoconferencing to collaborate across geographical boundaries and time zones. This presents problems because cultural values, attitudes, and behaviours influence how a given group of people perceives, understands, communicates and interprets information and knowledge. This study explores how various factors including technology and cultural differences of participants affect their perceptions of the effectiveness of cross-cultural communication in videoconferences. The study identifies factors that most influence the effectiveness of cross-cultural video-mediated communication. It will help practitioners to: 1) make efficient use of resources while designing and facilitating videoconferences; and 2) incorporate cultural factors in assessing the effectiveness of cross-cultural distance learning events. The study is situated in the Global Development Learning Network (GDLN) which spans the world with more than 120 distance learning centres and facilitates communication for development through videoconferencing technology. A multiple-case cross-cultural study has been carried out in GDLN affiliates located in four countries: Australia, Mongolia, New Zealand and Russia. Evidence for this case study comes from observations during videoconferences, semi-structured interviews with participants, documents and video recordings. This exploratory study contributes to the body of knowledge in three research domains: development communication through the videoconferencing channel; cross-cultural factors in video-mediated communication; and perceived effectiveness of videoconferencing.</p>
A Consumer Approach towards Assessing the Value of Co-Creation
Authors:   , Sutjijoso Ananda Lailana Qadrina 
Published: November 2021

<p>The classic view of marketing has always regarded the customer as external to the firm and a passive recipient of the firm’s value creation effort. However, there is an increasing conception that in order to succeed in today’s challenging market environment, value needs to be co-created by companies and consumers, and co-creation is seen as an innovative method to facilitate these value creation activities. One of the primary limiting factors of greater consumer engagement has historically been the poor connectivity between customers and producers. The Internet is regarded as a new form of technology that significantly facilitates and enhances the connectivity between customers and producers, and through this, the phenomenon of virtual co-creation emerged. Virtual co-creation is a considerably new and growing phenomenon that offers a new opportunity for marketers to better satisfy customer requirements by involving them more fully in the creation of a new product. While the concept of virtual co-creation has been thoroughly examined at a conceptual level, empirical research in this concept is limited and has primarily focused on co-creation in a firm setting. Thus, minimum attention has been paid to the phenomenon of co-creation from a consumer perspective. Specifically focusing on co-creation in the New Product Development context, this study examines consumer value perceptions of the virtual co-creation method, and its subsequent impact on consumer future intention to use the co-creation method. A Value-based Technological Acceptance Model was adopted to measure consumers’ value perception of the co-creation method. Using My Starbucks Idea and Dell’s Design Studio as the examples, this model was empirically tested in two instances: 1) the ‘contribution’ & non-technological product category, and 2) the ‘selection’ & technological product category. The study found that consumers, in general, had a positive value perception of co-creation methods, which, in turn, positively influence their future intention to use the co-creation method. This confirmed that virtual co-creation, as a new method for firms and consumers to collaborate in creating a new product, was well received by consumers. With the existence of this opportunity for collaboration, virtual co-creation is deemed to be a trend that is hard to ignore as it offers a promising and a more holistic approach to a New Product Development strategy.</p>
The Synthesis of Azasugars Using an I2-mediated Carbamate Annulation
Authors:   , Win-Mason Anna Louise 
Published: November 2021

<p>The biological activity of azasugars has largely been attributed to their ability to mimic the oxocarbenium ion-like transition state formed during reactions with carbohydrate-processing enzymes and, for this reason, functional and stereochemical modifications of the azasugar scaffold have led to the development of specific and potent glycosidase inhibitors. Given the potential of azasugars as glycosidase inhibitors, we were interested in developing efficient methodology for their synthesis. This thesis highlights synthetic methodology developed to produce amino-imino-hexitols as azasugar scaffolds. Key in the synthesis of the amino-imino-hexitols was the application of a stereoselective Strecker reaction, without the need for chiral Lewis acids or catalysts, and an extension of an I2-mediated carbamate annulation to cyclise functionalised and protected alkenylamines. Sixteen amino-imino-hexitols were synthesized, including ten previously undisclosed substrates with the D-galacto, D-talo, and L-altro configurations. The novel amino-imino-hexitols were then tested for their ability to act as glycosidase inhibitors and substrates of the D-talo configuration showed promising inhibitory effects. Mechanistic considerations of the I2-mediated carbamate annulation are discussed and although the exact annulation mechanism has yet to be determined, experimental studies have revealed that an aziridine is not an intermediate in the reaction. Factors influencing the diastereoselectivity of the carbamate annulation are also explored. Furthermore, an in depth analysis of the high cis-selectivity of the carbamate annulation is investigated using density functional theory to calculate the transition states of iodocyclisations en route to the formation of carbamates. Taken as a whole, the applicability of the carbamate annulation to a variety of alkenylamines and an understanding of the factors controlling the diastereoselectivity of the reaction should make this methodology a valuable addition to the synthetic chemist’s toolbox.</p>
Joint Modeling of Longitudinal Ordinal Data on Quality of Life and Survival
Authors:   , Preedalikit Kemmawadee 
Published: November 2021

<p>Joint models for longitudinal and survival data have been widely discussed in the literature. This thesis proposes a joint model using a stereotype model for the longitudinal ordinal responses and a Cox proportional hazards model for survival time. Our current joint model has a new feature since no literature has examined the joint model under the stereotype model. The stereotype model can improve the fit by adding extra score parameters, but it still has the advantage of requiring only a single parameter to describe the effect of a predictor on the item response levels. We give an example to model longitudinal ordinal data and survival data for patients being followed up after treatments. The main focus is on modeling both the quality of life data and the survival data simultaneously with a goal of understanding the association between the two processes over time. These two models are linked through a latent variable that characterizes the quality of life of an individual and is assumed to underlie the hazard rate. In other words, the latent variable serves as a shared variable in the joint model. We present the joint model in two different aspects: one based on a Bayesian approach and the other one a semiparametric approach using the EM algorithm. For the Bayesian approach, the latent variable is treated as a continuous variable and is assumed to have a multivariate normal distribution. The partial survival likelihood function is used in the survival component of the Bayesian joint model, while the full likelihood function is considered in the semiparametric joint model. In the latter approach the baseline hazard is assumed to be a step function and has no parametric form. The latent variable in the semiparametric joint model is then treated as a discrete variable. We illustrate our methodologies by analyzing data from the Staccato study, a randomized trial to compare two treatment methods, for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection of Thai patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), in which the quality of life was assessed with a HIV Medical Outcome Study (MOS-HIV) questionnaire. Furthermore, we extend the study further to the case of multiple failure types in the survival component. Thus, the extension of the joint model consists of the stereotype model and the competing risks model. The Bayesian method is employed to estimate all unknown parameters in this extended joint model. The results we obtained are consistent for both the Bayesian joint model and the semiparametric joint model. Both models show that patients who had a better quality of life were associated with a lower hazard of HIV progression. Patients on continuous treatment also had a lower hazard of HIV progression compared with patients on CD4-guided interruption treatment.</p>
The Ecological Touchstones of Our Identity : Confronting Native Landscapes with the Cultural and Ecological Identity of New Zealand's Society
Authors:   , Macfarlane Jaime 
Published: November 2021

<p>‘Ecological Touchstones of Our Identity’ explores the ways in which the language of New Zealand’s landscapes have been transformed by colonisation as New Zealand undergoes transition into a post-colonial era. This thesis identifies how three uniquely native New Zealand landscapes, the Beach, the Swamp and the Bush, have become lost to New Zealanders, both physically and conceptually, through the gradual transitions of time and contested histories. Although these landscapes are perceived within New Zealand’s culture as uniquely native to New Zealand, their true nature is somehow lost on many. Such unique landscapes coalesce into one very important landscape - the transect of the lowland forest - which has been all but lost from the fabric of our landscapes. This thesis uses a methodological approach wherein a range of dualities are explored in opposition to each other. The concept of biculturalism between Māori and Pākehā; the orientation between the vertical and horizontal, the gaze versus the object; wetland and bushland versus pastureland; and, most importantly, the perceived duality of nature versus culture. This latter point will be challenged through the theory and design concepts presented in this thesis. The final design outcome deals with the practicalities of generating a strong knowledge base of eco-sourcing and regeneration of national importance by creating a functioning seedbank between the two sites selected: the Museum of New Zealand -Te Papa Tongarewa and Lake Waiwiri (Lake Papaitonga). The vision is to regenerate the lowland forest transect between Lake Waiwiri and the coastal edge back into the functioning ecosystem once present, while structuring this regeneration to act as a cultural tool for strengthening New Zealand's sense of ecological cultural awareness, and thereby, identity. The role that landscape architecture and architecture play within this system of regeneration is critically explored through form and conceptual process, cumulating to a scheme which presents the educational opportunity of integrating these two different sites into one functioning ecosystem of regeneration.</p>
Natural Products Studies of Marine Organisms of the South Pacific
Authors:   , Northover Bryan John 
Published: November 2021

<p>This thesis describes the NMR-guided isolation and structural elucidation of one novel and several known compounds from marine organisms collected from Tonga and New Zealand. In the process of this work, 11 Tongan algal specimens were subjected to preliminary NMR-guided investigation, as the study of Tongan marine algae is poorly represented. The HMBC spectra of crude fractions generated by the first chromatographic purification of the crude extracts were analysed for perceived structural novelty, providing three specimens that warranted further investigation. Investigation of unknown algae PTN4_17G afforded substructure 76, observed in the known compound avrainvilloside, which included the rare 6-deoxy-6-aminoglucose moiety. This aminoglucose moiety has been reported from marine sources only twice in literature, both in algae specimens. An investigation of unknown brown algae PTN4_18E afforded substructure 83, a methacrylic acid containing moiety. Methacrylic acid moieties are also uncommon in marine organisms, with 27 reported structures containing the moiety, of which only two occur from algae. In each case suitable, mass spectrometry data was not obtainable therefore full structural elucidation of the compounds was not achieved. Further analysis of the unknown algae PTN3_38C afforded the known compound fistularin-3 86, although further studies revealed that a sponge contaminant was responsible for the presence of the compound. The results of this algae study provided interesting correlations between secondary metabolite concentrations of algae in temperate and sub-tropical environments, contrary to the observed correlations of marine sponges. An investigation into an unknown New Zealand Raspailia sponge was conducted as previous studies had suggested the presence of novel resonances. Further analysis of the specimen yielded the known clerodane raspailodane A 126 and the unexpected novel steroidal glycoside raspailoside A 135. Biological activity studies conducted on raspailoside A showed inactivity towards the mammalian cell line HL-60 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae assays.</p>
Distribution Channels for Wine Tourism in New Zealand
Authors:   , Liu Ying 
Published: November 2021

<p>This study examines the structure of the distribution channels and the underlying factors influencing the most prominent channel choices within the wine tourism industry in New Zealand. This research specifically compares wine tourism in Marlborough and Auckland. It aims to provide a better understanding of the distribution channels for practitioners in the wine tourism industry, with the hope of assisting them to develop their wine tourism businesses successfully and manage the businesses growth effectively. This is a destination-based study performed by employing qualitative approaches focusing on the supply-side through semi-structured interviews. These in-depth interviews were conducted with the owners or managers of the local wine tour operators and wineries in the two regions. The findings generally show that wine tourism businesses place a clear priority on direct distribution of their wine tourism product to visitors “at destination”; the majority of customers of all these businesses are independent visitors. Specifically, overseas independent tourists comprise the largest portion of customers to local wine tour operators in Marlborough and Auckland. The wine tour operators work more actively with intermediaries and reach tourists “in market”, “while travelling” and “at destination” than wineries in these two regions. Marlborough wineries and Auckland wine tour operators and wineries receive domestic corporate groups, most of whom are approached “at destination” with direct distribution. Compared with wineries in Marlborough, more corporate groups use Auckland wine tour operators to visit wineries. Marlborough wineries and wine tour operators, and Auckland wine tour operators receive more international visitors, whereas the majority of visitors to Auckland wineries are from Auckland. When considering the function of wine tourism distribution channels, information provision, reservation and purchase are nearly equally important to local wine tour operators in both Marlborough and Auckland; the most widely used functions for Marlborough wineries is information provision; for Auckland wineries, information provision and purchase play significant roles in the distribution of wine tourism product. Factors influencing distribution channel choice include information provision cost, commissions, businesses’ attitudes towards tourism, perceptions of the Internet, service diversity, capacity, accessibility, availability, market segments, reputation and nature of intermediaries.</p>