bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Vertebral and Spinal Cord Tumors: A Retrospective Study of Musculoskeletal Aspects of Presentation, Treatment, and Complications
Authors: Mehlman Charles T , Crawford Alvin H , McMath Jeffery A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Fifty-two pediatric patients with documented vertebral and spinal cord tumors were reviewed to evaluate the musculoskeletal manifestations of presentation, treatment, and management of complications. Diagnoses included 16 malignant and 36 nonmalignant vertebral and spinal cord tumors. Mean age at diagnosis was 8 years 1 month, and the male-to-female ratio was 1.7:1. Overall, there was an average delay in diagnosis of 12 months for this group of patients. Mean clinical followup was 5 years.
The two most common reasons for presentation were pain (67%) and spinal deformity (46%). Initial plain radiographs were positive in 82% of patients. Postlaminectomy spinal deformity occurred at a rate of 45% in patients undergoing laminectomies, and 60% of those with deformity required spinal fusion. Overall, 67% of the 52 patients underwent spinal fusion, with a 9% asymptomatic pseudarthrosis rate. Complications were common, with 1.9 complications per patient; 59% of complications required surgical management. There were no perioperative deaths. At follow-up, 1 9% of patients had neurologic deficits ranging from neurogenic bladder to lower extremity weakness and difficulty walking to quadriplegic. Eighty-six percent of patients were ambulating without difficulty at followup. The survival rate was 94% and the local recurrence rate was 27% at most recent follow-up.
Developments in Blood Management: The Potential Therapeutic Role for Epoetin alfa in Orthopedic Trauma
Authors: Mears Dana C , Durbhakula Sridhar M , Miller Bernadette 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Orthopedic trauma is a major source of morbidity and mortality in the United States and other countries. Major orthopédie trauma often results in significant blood loss, which is the most common cause of shock in the trauma setting. Transfusion of allogeneic blood and blood products may be used to maintain blood pressure but may not be the most effective therapy for the acute anemia that results from trauma-induced hemorrhage. Because acute anemia can interfere with successful and timely rehabilitation of these patients, it is important to be aggressive in treating anemia. One approach is to administer Epoetin alfa to stimulate erythropoiesis. A pilot study is currently in progress to test the efficacy of this approach in major trauma patients.
Head and Neck Replacement Prostheses in Revision Hip Arthroplasty: Experience With a Single Modern Design
Authors: Clarke Henry D , Damron Timothy A , Trousdale Robert T , Sim Franklin H , Larson Dirk R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This study reviewed 52 revision hip arthroplasties in which calcar cortical deficiencies were addressed by implantation of a cemented, modern-design head and neck replacement femoral prosthesis. Mean clinical follow-up was 38 months. Radiographic follow-up beyond 22 months was available for 34 patients (mean: 35.8 months). Mean Mayo clinical hip score (maximum; 80) improved from 28.2 preoperatively to 55.2 at last follow-up. No femoral component was revised for aseptic loosening. However, radiographic analysis demonstrated one prosthesis was probably loose and two were possibly loose. A 92.7% Kaplan-Meier 5-year implant survival rate free from radiographic loosening was projected. This type of prosthesis has yielded good clinical results and excellent early survival.
Sterilization of Contaminated Bone-Tendon Autografts Using 10% Povidone-Iodine Solution
Authors: Stanford Ralph , Solomon Michael , Levick Mark , Kohan Lawrence , Bell Sydney 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This study evaluates methods of sterilizing contaminated bone-tendon autografts using 10% povidone-iodine solution. Sterile grafts were prepared from human cadavers. Grafts were immersed in a suspension of either Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and three sets of sterilization experiments were performed in 10% povidone-iodine for 30 minutes: one each with S aureus and P aeruginosa by static soaking and a third with S aureus by serial washing with agitation.
Of grafts inoculated with S aureus, six of six grew the test organism after soaking at room temperature, as did five of six after soaking at 36°C and also eight of nine after washing with agitation. Of grafts inoculated with P aeruginosa, five of six grew the test strain after soaking at room temperature, as did six of six after soaking at 36°C. Thirty minutes of exposure to aqueous 10% povidone-iodine does not adequately sterilize an inoculated graft.
Periarticular Neural Elements in the Shoulder Joint
Authors: Guanche Carlos A , Noble John , Solomonow Moshe , Wink Carole S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Due to its unconstrained nature, the glenohumeral joint must necessarily have several mechanisms to regulate its position in space. The neural mechanisms associated with this positioning have not been fully evaluated anatomically. In this study, three fresh-frozen human cadaveric adult shoulders were dissected. Specimens were excised from the proximal biceps insertion, the superior, middle, and inferior glenohumeral ligaments, and the capsule superior to the glenohumeral ligaments. In two specimens, a portion of glenoid labrum was analyzed using a modified gold chloride staining method and light microscopy. A portion of mid-biceps tendon was used as a control.
In the superior glenohumeral ligament, 45% of sections contained neural elements consisting of Golgi's, Ruffini's, and Pacini's corpuscles as well as free nerve endings. The predominant types were Ruffini's and Golgi's. The middle glenohumeral ligament sections revealed all four receptor types in 42%, with the most common elements being Pacini's and Ruffini's receptors. The inferior glenohumeral ligament specimens contained the four receptor types in 48% of sections, with Ruffini's, Pacini's, and Golgi's types equally distributed. The shoulder capsule specimens revealed Ruffini's and Pacini's receptors in 47.5% of sections. Only free nerve endings were identified in the biceps tendon and glenoid labral tissue. These findings suggest that the pattern of neural elements does not appear to be random in nature and may have some correlation with the specific functions of some of the glenohumeral ligaments.
Control of Bone Bleeding at the Sternum and Iliac Crest Donor Sites Using a Collagen-Based Composite Combined With Autologous Plasma: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sherman Randy , Chapman William C , Hannon Gwen , Block Jon E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In a randomized controlled trial, hemostatic effectiveness of a collagen-based composite (experimental group) was compared with standard hemostatic methods (ie, electrocautery and collagen sponge) (control group) at two bone sites. Hemostatic success, time to "controlled bleeding," and time to "complete hemostasis" were determined at the sternal edge following median sternotomy (n=64) and at the iliac crest following bone graft harvest (n=19). Almost twice the percentage of sternal edge patients (83% versus 44%, P=.QQ2) and nearly three times the percentage of iliac crest patients (83% versus 29%, P<.05) achieved complete hemostasis in the experimental group compared to controls. Time to controlled bleeding and complete hemostasis for all bone sites also favored the experimental group over the control group at highly significant levels (P<.0001 for most comparisons). There were no adverse events related to experimental treatment use. The results support the use of this investigational hemostatic agent to control cancellous bone bleeding.
Treatment of Lumbosacral Radicular Pain With Epidural Steroid Injections
Authors: Papagelopoulos Panayiotis J , Petrou Haralambos G , Triantafyllidis Pantelis G , Vlamis John A , Psomas-Pasalis Maria , Korres Demetrios S , Stamos Konstantinos G 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Fifty patients with an average age of 47 years received epidural steroid injections for lumbosacral radicular pain due to disk herniation or spinal stenosis. All patients had failed previous conservative treatment. Mean follow-up was 24 months (range: 12-36 months). Immediately after injection, all 50 patients reported various degrees of relief from leg and back pain. At the last follow-up examination, 68% of patients were asymptomatic, 20% had no change in preinjection radicular symptoms, and 12% had various degrees of relief. No significant correlation was found between pain relief, age, or number of injections. Early pain relief may be anticipated after epidural steroid injections in 80% of patients with radicular symptoms due to disk herniation or spinal stenosis.
Impending or Completed Pathologic Femur Fractures Treated With Intramedullary Hip Screws
Authors: Favorito Paul J , McGrath Brian E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This study examined the use of the long intramedullary hip screw in 13 consecutive patients with metastatic disease of the femur with impending or completed fractures. There were 6 impending and 7 completed fractures. Eleven of 13 patients had unreamed rods placed with an average operative time of 100 minutes and blood loss of 280 cc. Eleven of 12 patients who were able to ambulate preoperativery regained that status postoperatively. Postoperative complications included death (1), myocardial infarction (1), and urinary tract infection (2). These results indicate the long intramedullary hip screw is a safe and effective surgical device for treating metastatic disease of the femur.
Operative Treatment With Radial Shortening in Kienböck's Disease
Authors: Wintman Bruce I , Imbriglia Joseph E , Buterbaugh Glenn A , Hagberg William C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Eighty-eight patients underwent radial shortening for Kienböck's disease. Prerequisites for surgery were radiographic studies positive for Kienböck's disease without evidence of radiocarpal arthritis and wrist pain unrelieved by conservative management. Thirty-nine patients were evaluated by subjective questionnaire at a mean postoperative follow-up of 86 months (range: 24-188 months). Following surgery, a significant decrease was noted in pain severity, frequency, and duration. Functional status improved postoperatively, with the most significant gains noted in the following activities: opening jars, opening car doors, carrying bags, and shoveling. Only 3 of 34 patients employed outside the home were unable to return to their original occupations due to their wrist problems. Seventy-six patients were evaluated by physical examination at a mean postoperative follow-up of 31 months (range: 3-87 months). Objective evaluation by physical examination revealed a significant improvement in wrist motion and grip strength. Seventy-seven patients underwent radiographic evaluation at a mean postoperative follow-up of 31 months (range: 3-180 months). A significant progression in Lichtman stage of Kienböck's disease was noted despite the favorable subjective findings and high satisfaction ratings. Thirty-six of 39 patients stated they would undergo the surgery again. The long-term data demonstrate radial shortening in patients with stage II-IIIA Kienböck's disease provides substantial improvement over preoperative status.
The Effect of Freezing and Intraosseous Fluid on the Stiffness Behavior of Canine Trabecular Bone
Authors: Nuccion Stephen L , Otsuka Norman Y , Davey J Roderick 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The effect of disrupting the intraosseous fluid compartment and freezing on the mechanical stiffness of trabecular bone in intact canine femoral head specimens was investigated. Twenty-four skeletally mature dogs were divided into two groups. Twelve paired fresh femora were tested and 12 paired femora were tested after freezing at -20° C. The intact femoral head specimens were subjected to a load of physiologic magnitude, and then the stiffness of the underlying trabecular bone was determined in intact femora, in drilled femora with a disrupted intraosseous fluid compartment, and subsequently after refilling the compartment with fluid.
Drilling of the femoral head and disrupting its bony fluid compartment resulted in a 40% decrease in stiffness (P<.001). This effect was seen only with fresh specimens and not frozen specimens. Refilling the bony compartment with fluid restored the stiffness of the fresh femoral head. These results demonstrate the mechanical properties of trabecular bone in canine femoral head specimens in vitro are affected by intraosseous fluid and freezing. Removal of the intraosseous fluid decreases the mechanical stiffness of canine trabecular bone, and freezing the specimens appears to alter the intraosseous fluid compartment behavior. It is necessary to gain a better understanding of the dynamic mechanical properties of intact bone to improve the existing analytical and experimental mechanical bone models. The effect of intraosseous fluid and freezing should be considered in these models.
Treatment of Dysplastic and Congenitally Dislocated Hips With the Zweymueller Total Hip Prosthesis
Authors: Korovessis Panagiotis G , Stamatakis Marios , Baikousis Andreas , Petsinis Georgios 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Uncemented Zweymueller total hip prostheses were implanted in 35 dysplastic or dislocated hips in 33 patients. Sixteen hips were dislocated and 19 hips were dysplastic; in 12 hips, an intertrochanteric or pelvic osteotomy was performed in early childhood. In all cases, the titanium screw socket was implanted at the level of the original cotyloid cavity. Osteotomy of the greater trochanter, shortening osteotomy, or roof acetabuioplasty were not performed. In cases in which the femoral cavity was too narrow for the Zweymueller stem, an anterolateral longitudinal window-shaped osteotomy was performed. In cases of severe dysplasia, cotyloid cavity bone grafts from the resected femoral head were placed medially to reinforce the acetabular bottom. Clinical and radiographic follow-up ranged from 3-8 years. Average Harris hip score improved from 47 points preoperatively to 86.2 points postoperatively. Complications included two primary anterior dislocations, two temporary femoral nerve pareses, and two deep vein thromboses. At longest follow-up evaluation, no revision was indicated in any of the hips. Satisfactory results in this series were attributed to careful patient selection, precise preoperative radiographic planning, and an operative technique that included implantation of the socket at the primary acetabulum and achievement of primary stability using press-fit fixation.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Periarticular Titanium Screws
Authors: Zeigler Todd E , Dirschl Douglas R , Renner Jordan B 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be the most sensitive modality for detecting post-traumatic degeneration of articular cartilage. Magnetic resonance imaging must accurately depict articular cartilage in the presence of periarticular fracture stabilization devices to be effective for postoperative imaging of articular fractures. This study examines how close titanium screws can be inserted to tibial articular surfaces and still allow accurate MRI of the overlying articular cartilage.
Cannulated titanium screws were inserted at varying distances from subchondral bone in the proximal and distal tibiae of embalmed human cadaveric legs, which were then imaged using a standard nonfat-saturated fast low angle shot two-dimensional sequence (FLASH 2D). The distance from the center of the screw to the subchondral bone and the thickness of the articular cartilage directly overlying the screw was then determined by direct measurement and by measurement on the scanned images.
To allow FLASH 2D MRI of the articuiar cartilage, 7.3-mm screws had to be at least 13 mm from the subchondral bone, and 4.5-mm screws had to be at least 12 mm from the subchondral bone. For MRI to be effective for the postoperative imaging of the articular surface following severe articular fractures of the tibia, titanium fracture hardware must be farther away from the articular surface than these minimum distances. Alternate materials for stabilizing articular fractures are available and may allow clearer and more accurate imaging of the articular cartilage when inserted close to the articular surface.
7
The Effect of Local Hematoma Blocks on Early Fracture Healing
Authors: Henry Barry J , Kenison Mike , McVay Catherine , Rolfe Rial , Graham Suzanne , Rasty Jahan , Slauterbeck James , Dabezies Eugene J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
To test the effects of lidocaine and bupivacaine on early fracture healing, the tensile strength of five groups of femora from normal rats 14 and 35 days after production of a closed diaphyseal fracture were compared. Data indicate that, in experimental animals injected with local anesthetics at the fracture site, no measurable difference is noted in callus composition, tensile strength, or histological appearance during the early phases of fracture repair prior to callus remodeling.
Comparison of Surgical Outcome Between Bursal and Articular Partial Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Park Jin-Young , Yoo Moon-Jib , Kim Myung-Ho 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Surgical outcomes after arthroscopic subacromial decompression and debridement in bursal and articular partial thickness rotator cuff tears with a tear depth of <50% were compared. Twenty-four articular and 13 bursal partial thickness rotator cuff tears were evaluated for pain relief and functional recovery. At 6 months postoperatively, the average pain score decreased from 6.2 to 1.7 in patients with articular tears and from 7.1 to 0.9 in patients with bursal tears. Although pain relief and functional recovery were excellent in both groups, the results were better in patients with bursal partial thickness rotator cuff tears at 6 months postoperatively.
The Use of a Periosteal Replacement Membrane for Bone Graft Containment at Allograft-Host Junctions After Tumor Resection and Reconstruction With Bulk Allograft
Authors: Neel Michael 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Bone grafting is frequently used to assist in reconstruction of bone defects following limb salvage procedures in tumor surgery. These defects can be large and require the use of bulk allograft and/or significant amounts of particulate graft material. This article reports a clinic's preliminary results with a bone graft containment material that serves as an artificia! periosteum. This radiographic review evaluates the material's ability to prevent migration of bone graft and ascertain progressive callus formation. Early results have been encouraging.
Fixation of Periprosthetic Femur Fractures: A Biomechanical Analysis Comparing Cortical Strut Allograft Plates and Conventional Metal Plates
Authors: Peters Christopher L , Bachus Kent N , Davitt James S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study compared the stability of periprosthetic femur fractures fixed using cortical allograft struts with a metal plate. Cadaveric specimens were loaded in single-leg stance and stair climbing to 2250 N. Optimum stability in single-leg stance was achieved with two long struts medially and laterally. No clear advantage was noted in using a second strut in stair climbing. Cables rather than wires were useful in single-leg stance, but not in stair climbing. Allograft cortical struts are a biomechanically sound alternative to metal plates fixed with screws and cables for femur fracture fixation below a well-fixed femoral component.
The S-ROM Stem: Versatility of Stem/Sleeve Combinations and Head Options
Authors: Buly Robert 
Published: April 2021

abstract
The S-ROM stem (DePuy Orthopaedics Inc., Warsaw, lnd) is a modular cementless hip implant that has a modular proximal sleeve that mates with a fluted stem. Various sleeves, stem lengths, diameters, proximal body types, and heads can be configured into 10,393 combinations, independence of the sleeve and stem version permits correction of excessive anteversion found in types of dysplasia and the retroversion deformities found in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). The fluted distal segment provides stability if a corrective osteotomy is required. The stem is a versatile tool in primary or conversion hip arthroplasty with unusual deformity and in revision THA.
Advantages of Milling Versus Broaching the Proximal Femur
Authors: DeBoer David K 
Published: April 2021

abstract
Femoral canal preparation in cementless total hip arthroplasty requires either broaching or milling of the proximal femur to create an osseous envelope for component implantation. The purpose of this article is to discuss the merits of milling the proximal femur for implant placement in primary or revision total hip arthroplasty.
The Management of Version Abnormalities and Angular Deformities in Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Authors: Marega Luca 
Published: April 2021

abstract
Implantation of a femoral stem in a dysplastic femur poses many problems. Most common abnormalities are excessive anteversion and valgus angle of the femoral neck. This makes it impossible to use conventional stems. Suitable options are distally fixed stems with small metaphysis or proximally modular stems, femurs with previous varus or valgus osteotomies show more severe deformities that sometimes require performing an osteotomy to obtain adequate correction. Again, distally fixed stems or proximally modular stems are suitable, the latter having the advantage that, by loading the femur proximally, they load the osteotomy therefore enhancing the healing.
Training the Scrub Person on S-ROM Technique Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Berland Kimberly , Branson Jill J 
Published: April 2021

abstract
The role of the scrub person requires the following abilities: assessing situations immediately, carrying out correct actions, using critical thinking and good judgment, and communicating effectively with all members of the surgical team. The scrub person greatly contributes to the success of total joint replacement surgery. He or she must understand the instrumentation, sizes, trials that are required, and proposed procedural steps to prepare the femur and acetabulum for implantation. A knowledgeable, competent scrub person enhances the flow of surgery arid helps keep the time of the procedure to a minimum.
Master's Thesis Policies in Nursing Education
Authors: May Kathleen M , Holzemer William L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A telephone survey of 25 schools of nursing with doctoral programs was conducted to inquire about their master's thesis policies. Six programs require a thesis. Sixteen programs provide both thesis and other options, described in the paper. Other policy issues are discussed which include: relation of thesis to faculty research, criteria for serving on a master's thesis committee, and requirements for doctoral admission. Responses to the survey indicate a variety of types and degrees of research experience in master's programs.
A New Look at Nursing School Program Development: Self- and External Evaluation
Authors: Workman Linda L , Allcorn Seth 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Developing and evaluating educational programs in schools of nursing is one of the most critical functions of the faculty. This process can be approached from a variety of perspectives. Historically most faculty efforts have been directed at development or evaluation; however, a more proactive approach is to incorporate a process which will encompass both. To accomplish this, two models, the Holistic Formative Evaluation Model and the Stakes Countenance Model, have been merged to produce a model which is applicable to the integrated development and evaluation of a nursing curriculum. This model, the Internal Program Development and Self-Evaluation Model, provides faculty, curriculum developers, and administrators with a comprehensive process which focuses on the monitoring program internal consistency and congruence.