bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When personal experience overlaps with study
Authors: Osborne Emma , Robson Bridget , Anderson Vivienne 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundHealth professional education programmes increasingly seek to train a generation of clinicians who reflect the population they serve. However, teaching approaches in health professional education have not always kept pace with this drive, and some educators tend to assume a lack of overlap between students’ life experience and aspects of the curriculum.MethodIn‐depth interviews were conducted with 22 health professional students and graduates, who self‐identified as having experienced a significant overlap between their personal life and their course of study. These interviews were analysed thematically to explore the role of teaching practices that created either alienating or inclusive learning environments.ResultsParticipants identified areas where clinical teachers could modify their teaching approach and assumptions about the student cohort to be more inclusive of students whose life experience overlapped with the curriculum. They wanted educators to treat any teaching topic as if it could be personal for some students, which may include teaching inequities carefully, acknowledging family members’ perspectives, moderating discussions, and avoiding stereotyping patients. Participants also wanted educators to practice shared decision‐making about alternative arrangements or time off.DiscussionClinical educators have a key role in shaping an inclusive health sciences programme. Their assumptions, attitudes and teaching strategies can either strengthen or undermine the development of a diverse health workforce.
Genome downsizing after polyploidy: mechanisms, rates and selection pressures
Authors: Wang Xiaotong , Morton Joseph A. , Pellicer Jaume , Leitch Ilia J. , Leitch Andrew R. 
Published: June 2021

SUMMARYAn analysis of over 10 000 plant genome sizes (GSs) indicates that most species have smaller genomes than expected given the incidence of polyploidy in their ancestries, suggesting selection for genome downsizing. However, comparing ancestral GS with the incidence of ancestral polyploidy suggests that the rate of DNA loss following polyploidy is likely to have been very low (4–70 Mb/million years, 4–482 bp/generation). This poses a problem. How might such small DNA losses be visible to selection, overcome the power of genetic drift and drive genome downsizing? Here we explore that problem, focussing on the role that double‐strand break (DSB) repair pathways (non‐homologous end joining and homologous recombination) may have played. We also explore two hypotheses that could explain how selection might favour genome downsizing following polyploidy: to reduce (i) nitrogen (N) and phosphate (P) costs associated with nucleic acid synthesis in the nucleus and the transcriptome and (ii) the impact of scaling effects of GS on cell size, which influences CO2 uptake and water loss. We explore the hypothesis that losses of DNA must be fastest in early polyploid generations. Alternatively, if DNA loss is a more continuous process over evolutionary time, then we propose it is a byproduct of selection elsewhere, such as limiting the damaging activity of repetitive DNA. If so, then the impact of GS on photosynthesis, water use efficiency and/or nutrient costs at the nucleus level may be emergent properties, which have advantages, but not ones that could have been selected for over generational timescales.
Can Central Banks circumvent the impossible trinity within their operational frameworks? Theory and evidence
Authors: Pantelopoulos George 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCentral Bank operational frameworks can be challenged during times of severe financial stress. Typical of such an instance is where policymakers attempt to heavily manage or fix a domestic exchange rate whilst faced with balance of payments pressures. However, it is claimed to be impossible for policymakers to achieve both monetary independence and exchange rate stability if the domestic economy were to post a balance of payment surplus, otherwise known as the ‘impossible trinity’. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the European Monetary System crisis through the lens of Institutional Practice, that is the day‐to‐day operations of key institutions, such as the Central Bank, Treasury and commercial banks, with a view to demonstrate why global imbalances are able to occur and persist across the international monetary system. Through both a theoretical and an empirical appraisal, this paper shows how Central Banks in economies with a balance of payments surplus can circumvent the binding constraints of the trinity within their operational frameworks.
Demand and supply exposure through global value chains: Euro‐Mediterranean countries during COVID
Authors: Ayadi Rym , Giovannetti Giorgia , Marvasi Enrico , Vannelli Giulio , Zaki Chahir 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper tries to examine how the COVID‐19 shock affects different countries through their regional integration and their exposure to Global Value Chains (GVCs). Using input–output tables from the EORA dataset, our contribution is threefold. First, we conceptually revise the approache to analyse input–output relationships and underline the difference between the bilateral flow of value added and trade and distinguish between the producers and consumers of value‐added. Second, we distinguish between the supply and demand channels through which these countries can be affected by the disruptions in GVCs. Third, we apply this empirical exercise on an understudied region, namely the Mediterranean region that is characterised by its involvement in several trade agreements that might boost their integration into GVCs. Our main findings show that, first, most of the countries have relatively larger backward GVC linkages than forward ones. Second, in the Northern shore of the Mediterranean, Italy and France are net suppliers of value added since they produce more value‐added absorbed abroad than the foreign value‐added they consume. Third, our results highlight also the limited integration between Southern shore partners, whose integration is almost completely driven by linkages with Southern European developed countries.
Ex vivo mechanical testing of various suture patterns for use in tendon plating
Authors: Hale Michael J. , Zellner Eric M. , Naiman Jaron H. , Kraus Karl H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the influence of suture patterns on resistance to gap formation after tendon platingStudy DesignEx vivo studySample PopulationSuspensory ligament and superficial and deep digital flexor tendons harvested from 16 neonatal cadaver foal limbs.MethodsEach tendon/ligament from a given limb was randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups consisting of a 7‐hole veterinary cuttable plate fixed with alternating simple interrupted, figure‐8, or hybrid suture patterns. The constructs were distracted at a rate of 1.0 mm/s to failure, as determined by the formation of a 1 mm gap for initial failure and a 3 mm gap for ultimate failure. The mode of failure was also recorded.ResultsConstructs prepared with hybrid and figure‐8 patterns sustained over 2× higher (p < .01) forces before gap formation compared to those prepared with a simple interrupted pattern. No difference was identified between tendons whose plate was secured with hybrid or figure‐8 suture patterns. Mode of failure between groups did not differ.ConclusionThe figure‐8 and hybrid patterns described herein improved the resistance to gap formation of plated tendons compared to an alternating simple interrupted pattern described previously.Clinical SignificanceFigure‐8 and hybrid patterns should be considered over simple interrupted patterns to improve resistance to gap formation in horses undergoing tendon plating.
Development of FEA-ANN-Integrated Approach for Process Optimization of Coaxial One-Side Resistance Spot Welding of Al5052 and CFRP
Authors: Ren Sendong , Ma Yunwu , Ma Ninshu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Coaxial one-side resistance spot welding (COS-RSW) is a newly developed process for joining metals and composites. In the present study, Al5052 and carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) lap joints were fabricated via COS-RSW. The welding process was modeled numerically using an in-house finite element code called JWRIAN. Single-lap shear tests were performed to evaluate the joining strength. The molten zone diameter was defined and measured experimentally to verify the numerical model. An artificial neural network (ANN) was established based on multitask learning, and its training data set was prepared via finite element analysis (FEA). The well-trained ANN was employed to generate a process window for the COS-RSW. Results demonstrated that the FEA could accurately reproduce the COS-RSW process, which served as an efficient tool for generating a process data set without performing experiments. The ANN performed multitask learning well and predicted the welding output effectively. Furthermore, Tmavg, an index representing the average value of the maximum temperature in the molten interface of CFRP, was adopted to evaluate the contribution of the integral interface temperature field to the bonding strength qualitatively. An optimal Tmavg value, which was close to the CFRP decomposition temperature of 340 °C, was obtained, and it exhibited an excellent correlation with higher bonding strengths. The process window provided welding parameters directly to yield the desired results.
Modeling of Robot's Low-Speed Motion Nonlinear Dynamics Based on Phase Space Reconstruction Neural Network
Authors: Zhang Tie , Liang Xiaohong , Zou Yanbiao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In order to improve the accuracy of the robot dynamics model, a low-speed motion nonlinear dynamics modeling method of industrial robot based on phase space reconstruction neural network is proposed. It is confirmed in advance by the largest Lyapunov exponent of joint motor torque data that the robot has chaotic characteristics at low-speed motion. Therefore, experimental data and chaos theory is used to analyze low-speed motion nonlinear dynamics, instead of considering each factor that may cause the robot's nonlinear dynamics separately. The phase space reconstruction parameters of each joint are determined by autocorrelation method and false nearest neighbor method. Through data preprocessing and analysis, some joint position derivatives related to the changing law of torque data are determined. The phase space reconstruction values of these derivatives are chosen as the inputs of neural network. Then the neural network and curve fitting method are combined to compensate for the nonlinear joint torque. Experimental results show that the proposed method can better describe the robot's low-speed motion nonlinear dynamics, and has smaller errors compared with ordinary back propagation (BP) neural network in the case of single joint rotation.
Experimental oscillation-assisted cylindrical plunge grinding
Authors: Pawlowski Witold , Kepczak Norbert , Bechcinski Grzegorz , Sikorski Jakub 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The paper presents experimental studies of the influence of amplitude, frequency, time of oscillation and average value of the rotational speed of the workpiece on the waviness of the ground surface during cylindrical outer diameter plunge grinding on a mass-produced cylindrical grinder. Oscillations were introduced in order to counteract the development of self-excited vibrations during spark-out. The waviness of the surface was determined by a laser distance measurement system. The results of the experiments indicate the important positive influence of the oscillations applied during spark-out on the waviness of the ground surface. The conclusions of the study regarding the process as well as technology of cylindrical plunge grinding are presented.
Automated Geometric Correction System for Additive Manufacturing Considering Build Orientation
Authors: Ghiasian Seyedeh Elaheh , Lewis Kemper 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOne of the current challenges for the additive manufacturing (AM) industry lies in providing component designs compatible with the AM manufacturability and constraints without compromising the component structural functionalities. To address this challenge, we present an automated correction system that provides geometrically feasible designs for additive processes by applying locally effective modifications while avoiding substantial changes in the current designs. Considering a minimum printable feature size from the process parameters, this system identifies the problematic features in an infeasible part’s design using a holistic geometric assessment algorithm. Based on the obtained manufacturability feedback, the system then corrects the detected problematic regions using a set of appropriate redesign solutions through an automated procedure. In addition, to reduce the difference between the current and modified part geometries, a novel optimization model for build orientation is presented. By using this model, one can identify appropriate orientations for obtaining a feasible design with a minimal amount of corrections while also reducing the postprocessing effort by minimizing the area of contact with the support structure. The functionalities of the presented correction system and the optimization model are illustrated using a number of case studies with varying geometries. The computational performance of the system and an experimental validation are also presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the implemented detection and modification approaches.
Wireless Multiplexing Control Based on Magnetic Coupling Resonance and Its Applications in Robot
Authors: Wang Jue , Chen Genliang , Zhang Zhuang , Suo Jiaqi , Wang Hao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, more and more researchers are pursuing miniaturized and lightweight structure of robots. However, robots with multiple actuators require large control systems if each actuator needs to be controlled independently. In addition, the cables and circuits for control and power supply are the obstacles in reducing size and weight. In this article, a wireless multiplexing control system based on magnetic coupling resonance (MCR) is proposed. The control system can realize wireless energy transmission and control simultaneously. By decomposing a composite signal, it can control multiple actuators with only one input signal. However, in previous researches, their applications are primary and simple due to the switch control without feedback and the lack of systematic design method for robot application. Thus, based on the discrete form of composite signal, the closed-loop of wireless multiplexing control is presented, which makes this promising method a step closer to the practical application. Besides, based on the theoretical model of load power and transmission efficiency, five parameters to be optimized are extracted in accordance with the actual design requirements. The optimization algorithm for load power is proposed using particle swarm optimization (PSO). As for its applications in robots, a Delta robot with flexible linkage and an untethered multidrive pipe robot for sampling operation are designed to demonstrate the proposed control method. The experiment results of the Delta robot show the reliability and accuracy of the system, while the results of the pipe robot prove its potential use in the untethered robot system.
Co-Simulation and Control of a Single-Wheel Pendulum Mobile Robot
Authors: Herrera-Cordero Mario E. , Arias-Montiel Manuel , Ceccarelli Marco , Lugo-Gonzalez Esther 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Co-simulation is widely used as a powerful tool for performance evaluation of systems design. This approach presents advantages over traditional design methodologies for saving money and time in the development process and the possibility of evaluating rapidly design alternatives by using virtual prototypes. This article presents an ADAMS/Matlab co-simulation for the dynamics and control of a Single-Wheel pendulum ROBot (SWROB) with inertial locomotion actuation to characterize design solutions by means of validation of analytical results. The obtained results by the proposed co-simulation show a significant performance based on the analytical and programming efforts in characterizing and simulating the designed system model. Moreover, open-loop experimental results are presented to validate both the analytical model and the virtual prototype.
On Robust Mechanical Design of a PAR2 Delta-Like Parallel Kinematic Manipulator
Authors: Brahmia Allaoua , Kelaiaia Ridha , Chemori Ahmed , Company Olivier 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Sensitivity analysis of manipulators aims at studying the influence of variations in its own geometric parameters on its performance. This information is useful for evaluating the position error of the end-effector as well as for the synthesis of tolerances. Indeed, the synthesis of tolerances is a very important issue in the design and manufacturing of robot manipulators. In this paper, a sequential procedure for modeling, dimensioning, and tolerance synthesis of the Parallel Kinematic Manipulator (PKM) PAR2 is proposed. For optimal dimensional design, an approach based on the optimization of the workspace is proposed, taking into account several constraints, followed by a numerical matrix analysis-based deterministic method for sensitivity analysis whose performance is studied in terms of accuracy. To calculate the optimal dimensional tolerances, a new tolerance synthesis method is used. The effect of geometric tolerance on accuracy is analyzed.
Performance Enhancement Using Different Nitromethane Blends in a Small Two-Stroke Engine
Authors: Raviteja S. , Ramakrishna P. A. , Ramesh A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Nitromethane being immiscible in gasoline is often added to methanol to enhance the engine power output. But with the use of methanol as the base fuel, the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of the spark ignition (SI) engine often doubles due to its lower heating value. To constrain this increase to a marginal value, a tri-component fuel blend consisting of nitromethane-alcohol-gasoline was prepared and observed to be stable. Methanol, ethanol, and butanol were the chosen alcohols for the tests due to their popularity as alternate fuels for SI engines. Tests on a small (35cc) two-stroke SI engine revealed that the torque produced with the use of tri-component blends was comparable with nitromethane-methanol blend and was on an average 1.35 times higher than gasoline. However, the BSFC with the nitromethane-butanol-gasoline blend was 50% lower than nitromethane-methanol blend and was only 14% higher than gasoline. The emission analysis showed lower HC emissions with the tri-component blends proving the improved combustion efficiency due to better mixing of the fuel-air mixture. Combustion analysis showed the increased heat release rate with nitromethane addition due to its higher flame speeds.
Micro Gas Turbine Small-Scale Effects in Range Extended Electric Vehicles
Authors: Javed Adeel , Khalid Hassan Abdullah , Arif Syed Umer bin , Imran Muhammad , Rezk Ahmed , Khan Zafar Ali 
Published: June 2021

AbstractApplication of a range extender in an electric vehicle can reduce the battery bank size and extend the driving range on a need basis. A micro gas turbine offers high power density, fuel flexibility, a reliable thermal efficiency (with recuperation), and less raw exhaust gaseous emissions compared to an internal combustion engine. However, micro gas turbines also incur low component performances due to small-scale effects related to high viscous losses, heat transfer between hot and cold sections, and manufacturing and assembly constraints compared to their larger counterparts. In this paper, the micro gas turbine thermodynamic cycle has been designed in Gas Turbine Simulation Program (GSP) and evaluated in terms of the small-scale effects simultaneously with the battery bank energy and charging time analysis. The key objective is to demonstrate the effectiveness of a micro gas turbine in saving the weight of a range-extended electric vehicle while understanding the impact of small-scale effects on the battery bank energy and charging time. Results indicate that a relatively smaller 22-kWh battery bank can be utilized with prospects of cost-savings together with a 47-kW micro gas turbine range extender to achieve an average driving range of 100 km and a charging time of 30 min for the baseline electric vehicle. Furthermore, the compressor and turbine isentropic efficiencies are found to have a significant impact on the overall battery bank performance.
40Ar/39Ar age evidence for an impact-generated hydrothermal system in the Devonian Siljan crater, Sweden
Authors: Herrmann* Maria , Alwmark Carl , Storey Michael 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Crater-forming events are generally followed by the development of hydrothermal systems due to the rapid heating of the target rock. Such hydrothermal systems are a feature of nearly all large terrestrial impact structures. For the Siljan impact structure in Sweden, there is evidence for such a fossil hydrothermal system, possibly triggered by the impact event ca. 380 Ma. To investigate the thermal regime of the near-surface hydrothermal activity of the Siljan crater, biotite and amphibole grains extracted from samples collected in a transect across the high-pressure regime recorded by the central uplift, as well as from distal localities outside the central uplift of the crater, were dated using the 40Ar/39Ar laser step-heating technique. Our results show that biotite from inside the central uplift, which was strongly altered to chlorite by low-temperature (200–340 °C) hydrothermal reactions, yields strongly disturbed age spectra. The first and second (low laser power) step ages range from ca. 1300 to 190 Ma. In contrast, biotite from outside the central uplift and amphibole, irrespective of location inside or outside of the central uplift, are much less altered, which is reflected in less disturbed, near-flat age spectra. This result indicates that the hydrothermal temperatures inside the central uplift were &gt;200 °C, sufficient to disturb the K-Ar system of biotite during its chloritization, but too low to affect the amphibole (closure temperature of 480–580 °C). In contrast, the temperature of the hydrothermal system outside of the central uplift was &lt;200 °C, as no significant reset of the K-Ar system can be observed in either biotite or amphibole. Our results are consistent with estimated trapping temperatures from fluid inclusion studies, which show a decrease from 327–342 °C within the central uplift to 40–225 °C toward outside the central uplift. We conclude that the near-surface hydrothermal system in the Siljan impact structure was an impact-triggered system. This system was strongly active, with its highest temperature inside the central uplift and decreasing rapidly toward the outlying part of the crater.
Composite Materials Manufactured by Photopolymer 3D Printing with Metal-Organic Frameworks
Authors: Cherevko A. I. , Denisov G. L. , Nikovskii I. A. , Polezhaev A. V. , Korlyukov A. A. , Novikov V. V. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
New composite materials containing metal-organic framework (MOF-5) particles were manufactured by 3D printing. The optimal composition of the photopolymer formulation and printing conditions ensuring the highest quality of printing were selected. Retention of the metal-organic framework (MOF) structure in the resulting composite objects was demonstrated by powder X-ray diffraction. The distribution of MOF-5 particles over the whole bulk of the 3D product was studied by X-ray computed tomography. In the future, composite materials of this type containing catalytically active MOFs, with their structure and properties being controllable at the micro and macro levels, could find application as catalysts of various chemical processes.