bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and genomic assessment of PD-L1 SP142 expression in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Ahn Sung Gwe , Kim Seon-Kyu , Shepherd Jonathan H. , Cha Yoon Jin , Bae Soong June , Kim Chungyeul , Jeong Joon , Perou Charles M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The SP142 PD-L1 assay is a companion diagnostic for atezolizumab in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We strove to understand the biological, genomic, and clinical characteristics associated with SP142 PD-L1 positivity in TNBC patients.

Methods
Using 149 TNBC formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples, tissue microarray (TMA) and gene expression microarrays were performed in parallel. The VENTANA SP142 assay was used to identify PD-L1 expression from TMA slides. We next generated a gene signature reflective of SP142 status and evaluated signature distribution according to TNBCtype and PAM50 subtypes. A SP142 gene expression signature was identified and was biologically and clinically evaluated on the TNBCs of TCGA, other cohorts, and on other malignancies treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI).

Results
Using SP142, 28.9% of samples were PD-L1 protein positive. The SP142 PD-L1-positive TNBC had higher CD8+ T cell percentage, stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte levels, and higher rate of the immunomodulatory TNBCtype compared to PD-L1-negative samples. The recurrence-free survival was prolonged in PD-L1-positive TNBC. The SP142-guided gene expression signature consisted of 94 immune-related genes. The SP142 signature was associated with a higher pathologic complete response rate and better survival in multiple TNBC cohorts. In the TNBC of TCGA, this signature was correlated with lymphocyte-infiltrating signature scores, but not with tumor mutational burden or total neoantigen count. In other malignancies treated with ICIs, the SP142 genomic signature was associated with improved response and survival.

Conclusions
We provide multi-faceted evidence that SP142 PDL1-positive TNBC have immuno-genomic features characterized as highly lymphocyte-infiltrated and a relatively favorable survival.
A novel intraoral neuromuscular stimulation device for treating sleep-disordered breathing
Authors: Kotecha Bhik , Wong Phui Yee , Zhang Henry , Hassaan Amro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To ascertain the usefulness of a novel intraoral neuromuscular stimulation device in treating patients with primary snoring and mild obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). This device uses daytime awake neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) as an application to induce toning of the tongue muscles.

Methods
A prospective cohort study of 70 patients with sleep-disordered breathing was conducted. Objective snoring and respiratory parameters were recorded with 2 consecutive night WatchPat sleep studies before and after treatment. The device was used for 20 min once daily for a 6-week period. Secondary outcome measures using visual analogue scale reporting of snoring by patient and Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS) were recorded. Quality of life parameters were also noted.

Results
Objective reduction of snoring was noted on the sleep studies in 95% of participants, with an average snoring time reduction of 48%. Subjectively, the visual analogue scale reported by partners’ similarly demonstrated reduction in 95% of the patients with an average reduction of 40%. In a subset of 38 patients with mild OSA, AHI reduced from 9.8 to 4.7/h (52% reduction), ODI 7.8 to 4.3/h (45% reduction), and ESS from 9.0 to 5.1. Adverse effects encountered were minimal.

Conclusion
This prospective cohort study demonstrates a notable improvement in both objective and subjective parameters of snoring and mild OSA in both simple snorers and patients with mild OSA. This device offers a safe and novel approach to reduce snoring and mild OSA by utilising intraoral neuromuscular electrical stimulation. This could be a preferred option for patients as it alleviates the need of using an oral device during sleep.

Trial registration
clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT03829956
Multiple genetic variations of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps are associated with respiratory parameters in men with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Zhang Qianqian , Wang Xiaoting , Cheng Xiangyu , Wu Xiaolin , Feng Yunhai , Xu Huajun , Zhu Huaming , Yi Hongliang , Zhang Weitian , Li Xinyi , Ye Haibo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) have a higher risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, the relationship between CRSwNP and OSA remains unclear. The aim of this research study was to evaluate the association of multiple single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variations in CRSwNP with sleep- and breath-related parameters in men with OSA.

Methods
We included eight CRSwNP SNPs in 2320 participants after strict screening. For each participant, the genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated based on the cumulative effect of multiple genetic variants of CRSwNP. A bivariate correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between CRSwNP genetic polymorphisms and polysomnography parameters in men with OSA. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between the risk of OSA and CRSwNP genetic polymorphisms.

Results
In moderate OSA, rs28383314 was related to the oxygen desaturation index, and rs4807532 was positively associated with the microarousal index (r = 0.09, P = 0.03 and r = 0.11, P = 0.01, respectively). The CRSwNP GRS was positively correlated with the oxygen desaturation index and cumulative time percentage with SpO2 < 90% in moderate OSA (r = 0.13, P < 0.001 and r = 0.1, P = 0.01, respectively). There was no association between the CRSwNP GRS and the risk of OSA (OR = 1.007; 95% CI, 0.973–1.042; P = 0.702).

Conclusion
In men with moderate OSA, single CRSwNP genetic variations correlated with sleep-related parameters, and the cumulative effects of CRSwNP genetic variations were associated with the hypoxic index. CRSwNP may be a predisposing condition for sleep disorders in men with moderate OSA.
Worker Well-Being: What it Is, and how it Should Be Measured
Authors: Wijngaards Indy , King Owen C. , Burger Martijn J. , van Exel Job 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWorker well-being is a hot topic in organizations, consultancy and academia. However, too often, the buzz about worker well-being, enthusiasm for new programs to promote it and interest to research it, have not been accompanied by universal enthusiasm for scientific measurement. Aim to bridge this gap, we address three questions. To address the question ‘What is worker well-being?’, we explain that worker well-being is a multi-facetted concept and that it can be operationalized in a variety of constructs. We propose a four-dimensional taxonomy of worker well-being constructs to illustrate the concept’s complexity and classify ten constructs within this taxonomy. To answer the question ‘How can worker well-being constructs be measured?’, we present two aspects of measures: measure obtrusiveness (i.e., the extent to which obtaining a measure interferes with workers’ experiences) and measure type (i.e., closed question survey, word, behavioral and physiological). We illustrate the diversity of measures across our taxonomy and uncover some hitherto under-appreciated avenues for measuring worker well-being. Finally, we address the question ‘How should a worker well-being measure be selected?’ by discussing conceptual, methodological, practical and ethical considerations when selecting a measure. We summarize these considerations in a short checklist. It is our hope that with this study researchers – working in organizations, in academia or both – will feel more competent to find effective strategies for the measurement worker well-being and eventually make policies and choices with a better understanding of what drives worker well-being.
Gesundheitskompetenz bei chronischer Krankheit in Deutschland: ein Scoping Review
Authors: Griese Lennert 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrundTrotz der hohen Bedeutung von Gesundheitskompetenz (GK) für die Bewältigung chronischer Krankheit steht die empirische Forschung zu diesem Thema in Deutschland noch am Anfang. Gleichzeitig fehlt es an einer systematischen Aufarbeitung des Forschungsstands, um Anhaltspunkte für die Ausrichtung der zukünftigen Forschung und Interventionsentwicklung zu gewinnen.Material und MethodenDeshalb wurde mit Hilfe eines Scoping Reviews eine systematisierte Literaturrecherche in internationalen und nationalen Fachdatenbanken durchgeführt. Die nach vorab festgelegten Einschlusskriterien berücksichtigten Studien wurden unter folgenden Kriterien analysiert: a) betrachtete Studienpopulationen, b) Konzeptualisierung und Messung von GK sowie c) bestehende Untersuchungsergebnisse.ErgebnisseInsgesamt konnten 22 Studien berücksichtigt werden. In ihnen wird GK primär bei ausgewählten, überwiegend prävalenten chronischen Krankheiten betrachtet und ausschließlich über selbsteingeschätzte Fähigkeiten im Umgang mit (digitaler) Gesundheitsinformation untersucht. Die GK ist mit zahlreichen gesundheitlichen Outcomes assoziiert. Wenig ist dagegen über die Determinanten von GK bei chronischer Krankheit bekannt.SchlussfolgerungDie Forschung über GK bei chronischer Krankheit in Deutschland hat in der Vergangenheit zwar zugenommen, erfolgt im Vergleich zu anderen Ländern aber immer noch eher verhalten und wenig systematisch. Auch deshalb fehlt es bislang an ausreichend empirischen Erkenntnissen über die individuellen und sozialen Voraussetzungen und Rahmenbedingungen, die im Zusammenhang von GK mit chronischer Krankheit bedeutsam sind. Sie gilt es zukünftig verstärkt in den Fokus zu rücken.
Evaluation and re-understanding of the global natural gas hydrate resources
Authors: Pang Xiong-Qi , Chen Zhuo-Heng , Jia Cheng-Zao , Wang En-Ze , Shi He-Sheng , Wu Zhuo-Ya , Hu Tao , Liu Ke-Yu , Zhao Zheng-Fu , Pang Bo , Wang Tong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNatural gas hydrate (NGH) has been widely considered as an alternative to conventional oil and gas resources in the future energy resource supply since Trofimuk’s first resource assessment in 1973. At least 29 global estimates have been published from various studies so far, among which 24 estimates are greater than the total conventional gas resources. If drawn in chronological order, the 29 historical resource estimates show a clear downward trend, reflecting the changes in our perception with respect to its resource potential with increasing our knowledge on the NGH with time. A time series of the 29 estimates was used to establish a statistical model for predict the future trend. The model produces an expected resource value of 41.46 × 1012 m3 at the year of 2050. The statistical trend projected future gas hydrate resource is only about 10% of total natural gas resource in conventional reservoir, consistent with estimates of global technically recoverable resources (TRR) in gas hydrate from Monte Carlo technique based on volumetric and material balance approaches. Considering the technical challenges and high cost in commercial production and the lack of competitive advantages compared with rapid growing unconventional and renewable resources, only those on the very top of the gas hydrate resource pyramid will be added to future energy supply. It is unlikely that the NGH will be the major energy source in the future.
It’s a Match: Task Assignment in Human–Robot Collaboration Depends on Mind Perception
Authors: Wiese Eva , Weis Patrick P. , Bigman Yochanan , Kapsaskis Kyra , Gray Kurt 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRobots are becoming more available for workplace collaboration, but many questions remain. Are people actually willing to assign collaborative tasks to robots? And if so, exactly which tasks will they assign to what kinds of robots? Here we leverage psychological theories on person-job fit and mind perception to investigate task assignment in human–robot collaborative work. We propose that people will assign robots to jobs based on their “perceived mind,” and also that people will show predictable social biases in their collaboration decisions. In this study, participants performed an arithmetic (i.e., calculating differences) and a social (i.e., judging emotional states) task, either alone or by collaborating with one of two robots: an emotionally capable robot or an emotionally incapable robot. Decisions to collaborate (i.e., to assign the robots to generate the answer) rates were high across all trials, especially for tasks that participants found challenging (i.e., the arithmetic task). Collaboration was predicted by perceived robot-task fit, such that the emotional robot was assigned the social task. Interestingly, the arithmetic task was assigned more to the emotionally incapable robot, despite the emotionally capable robot being equally capable of computation. This is consistent with social biases (e.g., gender bias) in mind perception and person-job fit. The theoretical and practical implications of this work for HRI are being discussed.
Pioneer Legislation on Second Order of Sexual Harassment: Sociolegal Innovation in Addressing Sexual Harassment
Authors: Vidu Ana , Tomás Gema , Flecha Ramon 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroudCountless efforts to combat sexual harassment have been proposed, and for the first time in history, the second order of sexual harassment (SOSH) has been legislated under the term second-order violence (SOV) by a unanimous vote of the Catalan Parliament. Advances in preventing and responding to sexual harassment contribute to highlighting the intervention as being crucial to supporting survivors against retaliation. A lack of support provides a general explanation on why bystanders tend not to intervene and highlights the reality that reprisals are suffered by those who support victims.MethodsFrom the existing knowledge about sexual harassment prevention and response mechanisms, this paper analyzes scientific evidence through a review of the literature published in databases, as well as legislation, reports, and other materials.ResultsThe context that enables SOV legislation is grounded in three realms: (1) bystander intervention and protection, (2) the role of support networks in protecting survivors, and (3) awareness and legislation of SOSH. An active bystander refers to the involvement of someone who is aware of potential sexual harassment situations.ConclusionsThe lack of legislation against SOSH limits bystander intervention and support; therefore, legislating protection for supporters has become urgent and necessary. Legislating SOSH has great social implications because gender equality cannot be fully achieved if bystander protection is not legally considered. Policy Implications: As no legal system has previously contemplated SOSH, its pioneering parliamentarian approval and establishment by Catalan law constitute a legal key innovation for the field of gender and women’s studies. In fact, evidence reported here are important in developing further regulations and policy.Policy ImplicationsAs no legal system has previously contemplated SOSH, its pioneering parliamentarian approval and establishment by Catalan law constitute a legal key innovation for the field of gender and women’s studies. In fact, evidence reported here are important in developing further regulations and policy.
A meta-analysis of multi-factors leading to performance challenges across Nigeria’s state-owned refineries
Authors: Iheukwumere Obinna , Moore David , Omotayo Temitope 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper measured the significant factors leading to performance challenges across state-owned refineries in Nigeria based on experts’ views. The study was carried out with a view of making policy recommendations to help address these issues and thereby improve performance. A quantitative approach was adopted to sample the viewpoints of the professionals who work across the NNPC refineries. Using a Likert-type questionnaire, the professionals’ expert opinions were ranked across four main categories covering political, economic, social, and technical (PEST) factors. A Cronbach alpha test was performed to certify the consistency and reliability of the sub-category factors included on the Likert scale. In addition, a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was carried out to check for any statistically significant differences in the respondents’ opinions as a result of their different years of work experience. The study revealed that while all four PEST factors are crucial to the performance of the state-owned refineries in Nigeria, political, economic, and technical factors were viewed as more significant than the social factors. A comparative analysis of the sub-category factors using the relative significance index (RSI) and the respondents’ mean scores of importance (RMSI) revealed that government interference, funding issues, political indecision, theft and pipeline attacks, cost of spare parts, maintenance issues, operating capital, feedstock supply, staff training and competence issues are some of the significant factors that affect the performance of the refineries. The identified performance challenges from this study were used to inform policy recommendations to help address the problems of the refineries.
A numerical method of analyzing the composition of colored wastewater from dyeing plant
Authors: Jędrzejczak M. , Wojciechowski K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStudies on the effectiveness of removing colored impurities from wastewater after dyeing process obtained from five dyeing plants located in the Lodz region in Poland were performed as well as a comparative spectrophotometric analysis of wastewater before and after treatment, in the visible range of absorption of 350–750 nm, attributed to dyes from different groups and with different structures of chromophoric systems. It was found that the method of calculating differences in the total areas under the curves of absorption from the range of 280–800 nm cannot determine precisely the effectiveness of color wastewater treatment. The method using a normalization procedure of the relevant spectra and the analysis of their partial differences proposed in this work allows to describe the efficiency of the process more precisely and indicates the class of synthetic dyes used in dyeing processes, giving the opportunity to the selection of appropriate procedures for their removal or disposal. By analysis of II-derivative of absorption bands, amount of colored components in the wastewater and the effects of physicochemical and biological treatment have been identified. This made it possible to determine the class of the colored impurities remaining in the wastewater.
A fresh look: technical analysis and treatment of Picasso's Science and Charity at the Museu Picasso
Authors: Jiménez Reyes 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe condition of the Picasso’s Science and Charity has always been a matter of concern for the Conservation Department at the Museu Picasso in Barcelona. In the last few years, several historical and technical lines of research (based on vintage photographs and physicochemical studies) have increased the understanding of the painting’s materials and how they have responded to the different environments since the painting was created. In 2017, a campaign was launched to consolidate flaking paint, remove traces of animal glue, and correct colour retouching from previous inpainting campaigns and filling issues from previous treatments from 1970. The new treatment was successful, with cracks and cuppings being stabilized. The treatment heavily relied on high-resolution, multi-band images, as well as research from a previous study published in 2010. Infrared reflectography and colorimetry provided new information and corroborated a new vision of the creative process that had previously only been based on micro-analyses of samples. Science and Charity provides a relevant case study as the painting suffers from many degradation problems that are found in other Picasso paintings restored in the same period.
Potential antifungal effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of different sizes against phytopathogenic Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) strains
Authors: Akpinar Ilgin , Unal Muammer , Sar Taner 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFusarium species are the primary fungal pathogen affecting agricultural foodstuffs both in crop yield and economic loss. Due to these problems, control of phytopathogenic fungi has become one of the critical problems around the World. Nanotechnology is a new technology with potential in many fields, including agriculture. This study focused on determining potential effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with different nanosizes (3, 5, 8 and 10 nm) and at different concentrations (12.5–100 ppm) against phytopathogenic Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) strains. The maximum antifungal activity was achieved by decreasing nanosize and increasing concentration of AgNPs. Mycelium growth abilities were decreased about 50%, 75% and 90% by AgNPs treatment with 3 nm sizes at 25 ppm, 37.5 ppm and 50 ppm concentrations, respectively. The productivity of fungal biomass in the liquid growth media was found to be too limited at the 25–37.5 ppm of AgNPs concentrations with all sizes. In addition, both septation number and dimensions of micro- and macroconidia were found to be gradually decreased with the application of silver nanoparticles. This work showed that the low concentration of AgNPs could be used as potential antifungal agents and applied for control of phytopathogens.
Bringing tax avoiders to light: moral framing and shaming in a public goods experiment
Authors: Tsikas Stefanos A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWith a linear public goods game played in six different variants, this article studies two channels that might moderate social dilemmas and increase cooperation without using pecuniary incentives: moral framing and shaming. We find that cooperation is increased when noncontributing to a public good is framed as morally debatable and socially harmful tax avoidance, while the mere description of a tax context has no effect. However, without social sanctions in place, cooperation quickly deteriorates due to social contagion. We find ‘shaming’ free-riders by disclosing their misdemeanor to act as a strong social sanction, irrespective of the context in which it is applied. Moralizing tax avoidance significantly reinforces shaming, compared with a simple tax context.