bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study on assessment of socio-demographic characteristics and pattern of health-care support among geriatric people residing in old age homes, Nandyal
Authors: Geetha Dugavath , Pasha M. A. Mushtaq , Fatima Afsar 
Published: February 2021

Background: Geriatric age is one of the vulnerable phases of life. Geriatric population in India is faster growing share of population with more special needs for health-care and support. Objective was to study the socio-demographic factors and assess pattern of health care support among geriatrics residing in old age homes, Nandyal.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among geriatric people aged more than 60 years residing in old age homes, Nandyal from October 15, 2019, to December 15, 2019. One hundred eighty participants were included. Those who were not present during the analysis were excluded from the class using convenience sampling. Data was collected using a pre-designed, pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire and analysing data using SPSS version-22.Results: Around 180 subjects, 76 (42%) of the elderly received treatment for their morbidities from private clinic and hospitals, while 37.8% from government hospitals. Children bear health care expenses for 32 (17.5%) of the elderly. Among 84 (46.7%) of elderly dependent on their social security schemes. while 30 (16%) had health insurance. Around 72 (40%) of elderly financially dependent on their children. Major complaints are Arthritis (47.7%) followed by hypertension (20%) and acid-peptic disease.Conclusions: A high prevalence of arthritis, hypertension and acid peptic disease were identified. It also highlighted that economic independence and the use of social security schemes among elderly is less. Based on these findings recommended that there is a need to develop financial assistance and social security schemes are needed to enhance health care facilities, economic independence and utilization services.
Bullying among middle school students: a cross sectional study
Authors: Dutta Gitashree , Visi Vizovonuo , Konjengbam Shantibala , Marak Rikrak Ch. 
Published: February 2021

Background: Bullying is threat or physical use of force, aiming at the individual, another person, specific community or group which can result in injury, death, physical damage or some development disorders or deficiency. These actions can consist of physical contact, verbal, through obscene gestures, or through intentional exclusion from group. Despite the common assumption that bullying is a normal part of childhood and encompasses minor teasing and harassment, researchers increasingly find that bullying is a problem that can be detrimental to students’ well-being. Bullying is a psychological problem connected with public health. Keeping this background in mind, this study was conducted to find out the prevalence of bullying and its association with socio-demographic characteristics in school going children.Methods: This cross-sectional study was done among 921 students of Class VII and VIII, belonging to both Government and Private schools in Imphal West District, Manipur in 2017, using a self administered questionnaire. Data was entered in IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 21.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp software for windows. Descriptive statistics like mean, SD and percentage was used. Chi square test was used to test for association between proportions of the data. A probability value of <0.05 was taken as significant.Results: Out of 921 participants, 32.4% were victims of bullying, 16.7% participants were both bully and victim. Decrease in self-confidence, reluctance to go to school and feeling unsafe at school were the consequences after getting bullied.Conclusions: Almost half of the students were victims of bullying. The high prevalence of bullying and victimization shown in this study suggests the need of prevention and intervention programs at the start of elementary school.
A study of knowledge and practice of contraception in a rural area of Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Saxena Alpana , Gupta S. B. , Singh Atul K. , Singh Meenakshi , Khan Huma 
Published: February 2021

Background: It is very critical to understand that awareness of family planning and proper utilization of contraceptives is an important indicator for reducing maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. It also plays an important role in promoting reproductive health of the women in an underdeveloped country. Objective was to assess knowledge and practice of modern contraception in rural area.Methods: A community based cross sectional study. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in the in a rural area of Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh. 458 randomly selected eligible couples were included in the study. A pre-structured questionnaire was used to collect information about family planning methods knowledge, source of knowledge and current practices and reasons of nonuse. The appropriate statistical analysis was done to present the results.Results: 48.03% eligible couples had adopted one or the other current modern contraceptive measure. Female sterilization was the most common method used.Conclusions: Overall usage of postpartum contraception was low need to focus at every step to contact with health facility or health workers.
Hearing impairment among high risk neonates born in a tertiary care hospital in north Kerala: a cross sectional study
Authors: Kunnath Ahsanu Zaman , Aboobakker Anwar Sadath Choolakkaparambu , Kunjimon Bashir Nalakath , Sreedhar Sandeep 
Published: February 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Hearing is necessary for the proper mental and social development of a new-borns child. Delay in diagnosis leads to improper development of social and mental skills. The prevalence of congenital hearing loss is greater than prevalence of screened metabolic syndromes. There are multiple maternal and intrapartum risk factors associated with hearing impairment. Most of the causes are treatable. Objectives was to find out the proportion of hearing impairment in neonates and its risk factors in a tertiary care hospital in north Kerala.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This cross-sectional research was performed in a tertiary care hospital in Northern Kerala between January 2018 and June 2019 after obtaining informed consent and institutional ethical committee clearance among those who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All the high-risk new-borns were subjected to Otoacoustic examination. Those who did not pass the first OAE were subjected to second OAE after one month. Those who did not pass in the examination were subjected to BERA. Those high risk children who did not pass the BERA were considered having hearing impairment and were subjected to further investigation and appropriate management. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The prevalence of hearing impairment was 0.5%. 0.25% were unilateral and 0.25% were bilateral. Pregnancy induced hypertension, premature labour, lower segment Caesarian section, low birth weight, small for gestational age, respiratory distress, hyperbilirubinemia and presence of congenital malformations were significantly associated with hearing impairment. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Since most of the congenital hearing loss among high risk neonates can be treated, a nationwide standardized hearing assessment program is advocated for the early detection of high risk children with hearing loss.</p>
Otologic conditions seen in HIV positive adult patients in university of Port Harcourt teaching hospital
Authors: Uju Ibekwe Matilda 
Published: February 2021

<p><strong>Background:</strong> ENT manifestations have been reported in about 41-80% HIV infected patients worldwide. Some patient’s HIV status were first detected following an ENT condition. This study therefore is aimed at determining the pattern of the otologic conditions found among HIV positive adults in university of Port Harcourt teaching hospital</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A hospital based descriptive study of adult patients that are HIV positive attending the infectious outpatient clinic of university of Port Harcourt teaching hospital was carried out within a period of 5 months; 1<sup>st</sup> July to 1<sup>st</sup> December 2020. Consecutive patients were recruited using a semi structured questionnaire and information sought included; patients demographics, presence or absence of ear complaints, duration of HIV infection and duration of antiretroviral treatment (ARVT). The patients all had complete ENT examination done. Informed consent was obtained from the patients. Ethical clearance obtained. Obtained data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25 software at a 95% confidence interval and a p value less than 0.05 was considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The commonest complaint among these patients was catarrh seen in 35.1% followed by noise in the ears in 17.6% while aural fullness was seen in 13.4%. Cerumen auris (14.2%) was the commonly seen otologic condition followed by otitis externa (13.0%). The prevalence of otologic disorders among the HIV positive population studied was 61.1%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Otologic conditions are common among HIV positive patients with cerumen auris and otitis externa being the commonly occurring disorder.</p>
The relationship between achievement motivation, metacognitive awareness, attitudes and problem-solving abilities in students
Authors: Yunus Muhammad , Setyosari Punaji , Utaya Sugeng , Kuswandi Dedi , Amirullah Amirullah , Rusdi Muhammad 
Published: February 2021

Achievement motivation, metacognitive awareness, and students’ attitudes related to problem-solving abilities are less sensitive due to the limited effect of civic education in higher education. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between the above-mentioned variables in students. The correlational method is used to determine the relationship between variables with data obtained from 148 students from three universities in Indonesia. The instruments used were questionnaires and test descriptions. The data obtained were analysed using the multiple regression analysis. The results showed that problem-solving abilities had a positive relationship with the following aspects: achievement motivation, metacognitive awareness, students’ attitudes towards learning, and simultaneously, achievement motivation, metacognitive awareness and attitudes. This research confirms that civic education lecturers need to pay attention to achievement motivation, metacognitive awareness and attitudes of students related to learning strategies in improving the ability to solve problems. It is recommended that lecturers examine other variables that might affect the problem-solving ability, including collaborative learning models, and other models that demand student participation.

Keywords: Achievement motivation, metacognitive awareness, student attitudes, problem-solving ability
Implementation of national examination based on Computer Based Test at Vocational School 1 North Sangatta
Authors: Dwiyono Yudo , Mulawarman Widyatmike Gede , Pramono Panji Ongko , Salim Nur Agus , Ikhsan Muhammad 
Published: February 2021

This research aims to describe national examination based on CBT methods that looked at human resources, infrastructures, students, strategies, and national examination weakness based on CBT implementation at Vocational School 1 North Sangatta. This research is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques can be done through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. This research was conducted at Vocational School 1 North Sangatta. The results show that: (1) national examination based on Computer Based Test implementation methods clearly: preparation step, planning step and the implementation step. (2) the weakness of national study based on Computer Based Test implementation methods are technique and non-technique problems. This problem is solved by (a) increase electricity supply, (b) hold and repair hardware of computer which not suitable with qualifications, (c) register for the remedial test. Non-technique problems are solved by training the students to prepare for the national examination.

Keywords: implementation CBT, computer based test, national examination
Kedudukan Hukum Badan Usaha Milik Negara Sebagai Anak Perusahaan Dalam Perusahaan Holding Induk
Authors: Romadhan Rizal Choirul 
Published: February 2021

Visi Kementerian BUMN saat ini adalah menyelesaikan pembentukan perusahaan holding induk (super holding company) BUMN dalam bentuk klaster yang menjadi payung pengelola BUMN agar dapat menggerakkan proses penciptaan nilai tambah bagi sebesar-besarnya kepentingan rakyat. Perusahaan holding induk BUMN dalam bentuk klaster tersebut akan membawahi perusahaan-perusahaan atau perusahaan holding berdasarkan klaster-klaster sejenis dalam struktur korporasi modern. Pembentukan klaster-klaster tersebut tujuannya untuk memperkuat rantai pasok bukan membunuh sektor usaha lainnya yang sedang berjalan dan meningatkan sinergitas. Realisasi pembentukan induk usaha (holding) pada BUMN berdasarkan core business mesti disikapi dan dilaksanakan secara hati-hati. Sebab, ada sejumlah potensi permasalahan hukum yang mungkin muncul ke permukaan ketika proses holding BUMN itu direalisasikan salah satunya berkaitan dengan status hukum BUMN. Potensi permasalahan itu berangkat dari definisi BUMN sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2003 tentang Badan Usaha Milik Negara. Potensi permasalah itu memunculkan dua isu hukum yakni berkaitan dengan Kedudukan hukum BUMN yang menjadi anak perusahaan dalam Holding Company dan Wewenang Negara/Pemerintah dalam melakukan pengawasan dan fungsi pembinaan kepada BUMN yang menjadi anak perusahaan dalam Holding Company. Penulis menggunakan metode penelitian hukum, yaitu suatu kegiatan know-how dalam ilmu hukum, bukan sekedar know-about, sebagai kegiatan know-how penelitian hukum dilakukan untuk memecahkan isu hukum yang dihadapi. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah pendekatan undang-undang (statute approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach).
Variational Bayesian Learning and Semiparametric Models on the Double Exponential Family
Authors: Zarate-Solano Hector , Cepeda-Cuervo Edilberto 
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we focus on variational Bayesian learning deterministic optimization methods for inference in biparametric exponential models where the parameters follow semiparametric regression structures. This combination of data models and algorithms contributes to solving real-world problems and reduces the computation time. This allows both the rapid exploration of many data models and the accurate estimation of the mean and variance functions through the connection between generalized linear models and graph theory.
A simulation study was carried out to assess the performance of the deterministic approximation. Finally, herein, we present an application using macroeconomic data to emphasize the benefits of the proposed approach.
Risk Factors for Revision Surgery Following Radial Head Arthroplasty without Cement for Unreconstructible Radial Head Fractures
Authors: Nolte Philip-C. , Tross Anna-K. , Groetzner-Schmidt Corinna , Jung Matthias K. , Porschke Felix , Grützner Paul A. , Guehring Thorsten , Schüler Svenja , Schnetzke Marc 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Revision rates following radial head arthroplasty (RHA) for unreconstructible radial head fractures (RHFs) differ vastly in the literature, and little is known about the risk factors that are associated with revision surgery. The purposes of this study were to assess the revision rate following RHA and to determine the associated risk factors.

Methods:
A total of 122 patients (mean age, 50.7 years; range, 18 to 79 years) with 123 RHAs who underwent RHA for unreconstructible RHFs between 1994 and 2014 and were ≥3 years out from surgery were included. Demographic variables, injury and procedure-related characteristics, radiographic findings, complications, and revision procedures were assessed. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors that were associated with revision surgery following RHA.

Results:
The median follow-up for the study cohort was 7.3 years (interquartile range [IQR], 5.1 to 10.1 years). All of the patients had unreconstructible RHFs: Mason-Johnston type-IV injuries were the most prevalent (80 [65%]). One or more associated osseous or ligamentous injuries were seen in 89 elbows (72.4%). The median time to surgery was 7 days (IQR, 3 to 11 days). Implanted prostheses were categorized as rigidly fixed (65 [52.8%]) or loosely fixed (58 [47.2%]). A total of 28 elbows (22.8%) underwent revision surgery at a median of 1.1 years (IQR, 0.3 to 3.8 years), with the majority of elbows (17 [60.7%]) undergoing revision surgery within the first 2 years. The most common reason for revision surgery was painful implant loosening (14 [29.2% of 48 complications]). Univariate Cox regression suggested that Workers’ Compensation claims (hazard ratio [HR], 5.48; p < 0.001) and the use of an external fixator (HR, 4.67; p = 0.007) were significantly associated with revision surgery.

Conclusions:
Revision rates following RHA for unreconstructible RHFs are high; the most common cause for revision surgery is painful implant loosening. Revision surgeries are predominantly performed within the first 2 years after implantation, and surgeons should be aware that Workers’ Compensation claims and the use of an external fixator in management of the elbow injury are associated with revision surgery.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (IL-1RN) Gene Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTR) Polymorphism Association in men Infertility in Erbil City /Kurdistan Iraq
Authors: Amin Yassin Kareem , Said Ashti M. , Al-Naqshbandi Ahmed A. , Ghulam Saeed 
Published: February 2021

The interleukin-1 family has multifaceted roles in men٫s reproductive syste. Out of these is interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN) which exists in men gonads, and in case of infection and inflammatory process, its activity is increased. The current study aims to verify a possible linkage of Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR) polymorphism of the IL-1RN gene with human men infertility. The study groups enrolled included 100 infertile men and 100 fertile and healthy men. Their seminal fluids were subjected to analysis. Also peripheral blood samples were collected for the assessment or detection of polymorphic Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTR) polymorphism of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene (IL-1RN). Two alleles, namely IL-1RN1 allele corresponding to 410bp fragment and IL-11RN2 that corresponding to 240bp fragments, are a marker for human men infertility, detected by PCR technique. The results delineated a high frequency of IL-1RN2 allelic gene variants (26%), and two VNTR allelic gene variants carriers IL-1RN1 and IL-1RN2 (16%) among infertile men with significant impacts on sperm motility and morphology (P< 0.000-0.002) respectively. This prospective study inKurdistan region (Erbil –Iraq) defined a significant impact of VNTR polymorphism of IL-1RN gene in the etiology of men infertility especially on sperm motility and morphology; particularly carriers of IL-1RN2 allelic variants
Preparing Nanosilica Particles from Rice Husk Using Precipitation Method
Authors: Farhan Rusel Zahraw , Ebrahim Shahlaa Esmail 
Published: February 2021

Nanosilica was extracted from rice husk, which was locally collected from the Iraqi mill at Al-Mishikhab district in Najaf Governorate, Iraq. The precipitation method was used to prepared Nanosilica powder from rice husk ash, after treating it thermally at 700°C, followed by dissolving the silica in the alkaline solution and getting a sodium silicate solution. Two samples of the final solution were collected to study the effect of filtration on the purity of the sample by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). The result shows that the filtered samples have purity above while the non-filtered sample purity was around The structure analysis investigated by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), found that the Nanosilica powder has an amorphous structure in nature. Also, it shows a broad peak at ( The particle size distribution was determined by Atomic force microscope (AFM), the results gave that the average diameter equals and dimension range in , while B.E.T. analysis confirms a high surface area around 618 . FT-IR Spectra experimental data showed the presence of hydrogen-bonded silanol group (Si–O–H) and siloxane group (Si–O–Si) which proved the high purity of Nanosilica particles.
Exploiting Wired-Pipe Technology in an Adaptive Observer for Drilling Incident Detection and Estimation
Authors: Holta Haavard , Aamo Ole Morten 
Published: February 2021

SummaryWe deploy an adaptive observer recently developed for general hyperbolic partial differential equation (PDE) systems to detect and diagnose various drilling incidents. The well is modeled by a distributed PDE which, contrary to lumped models, preserves fundamental properties of well-flow dynamics enabling faster and more accurate incident detection and estimation. Wired drillpipe technology with pressure sensors is needed to locate and isolate incidents. Four realistic simulation case studies demonstrating various properties of the observer are presented. Drilling incidents treated in the simulation case studies include packoff in the annulus, formation in-flows, loss of circulation, and various combinations of these. Although simulation results show that the developed observers successfully estimate properties of the incidents that they are tailored for, they do not constitute an incident-detection system for drilling. However, they provide a part of the data on which an overall incident-detection system can rely.