bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitigation measures of the electric field in the medium‐voltage power module: Effect of voltage types and recommendations for designers
Authors: Huang Zhizhao , Chen Cai , Kang Yong , Munk‐Nielsen Stig , Uhrenfeldt Christian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the medium‐voltage silicon carbide device power module, the higher voltage level will induce higher electric field stress in critical internal points such as the edge of the conductor on the direct bonded copper (DBC) substrate. This can lead to partial discharge and subsequently accelerated ageing of the insulating medium in the module. Therefore, it is important to reduce the high electric field strength. Herein, the related technical methods of electric field control are reviewed and compared by combining the ease of implementation in real power module and the field control effect. In addition, systematic explanations of the electric field drift and influencing factors of the electric field strength under different voltage types within different module structures are presented. Finally, for half‐bridge power modules with different substrates structures, suggestions on how to implement non‐linear field‐dependent materials to reduce the electric field strength are given.
Phase response reconstruction for non‐minimum phase systems using frequency‐domain magnitude values
Authors: Boland Taco , Naus Rik , Zwamborn Peter 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIt is often more complicated to measure the phase response of a large system than the magnitude. In that case, one can attempt to use the Kramers–Kronig (KK) relations for magnitude and phase, which relates magnitude and phase analytically. The advantage is that then only the magnitude of the frequency response needs to be measured. It is shown that the KK relations for magnitude and phase may yield invalid results when the transfer function has zeros located in the right half of the complex s‐plane, that is, the system is non‐minimum phase. In this paper, a method which enables to determine these zeros is proposed, by using specific excitation signals and measuring the resulting time responses of the system. The method is verified using blind tests among the authors. When the locations of the zeros in the right half of the complex s‐plane are known, modified KK relations can be successfully applied to non‐minimum phase systems. This is demonstrated by computing the phase response of the electric field, excited by a point dipole source inside a closed cavity with Perfect Electrically Conducting (PEC) walls. Also, the effects of simulated measurement noise are considered for this example.
Blue supergiants as tests for stellar physics
Authors: Georgy Cyril , Saio Hideyuki , Meynet Georges 
Published: April 2021

Context. Massive star evolution is still poorly understood, and observational tests are required to discriminate between different implementations of physical phenomena in stellar evolution codes.
Aims. By confronting stellar evolution models with observed properties of blue supergiants, such as pulsations, the chemical composition, and position in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, we aim to determine which of the criteria used for convection (Schwarzschild or Ledoux) is best able to explain the observations.
Methods. We computed state-of-the-art stellar evolution models with either the Schwarzschild or the Ledoux criterion for convection. Models are for 14 to 35 M⊙ at solar or Large Magellanic Cloud metallicity. For each model, we computed the pulsation properties to know when radial modes are excited. We then compared our results with the position of blue supergiants in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, with their surface chemical composition and with their variability.
Results. Our results at Large Magellanic Cloud metallicity shows only a slight preference for the Ledoux criterion over the Schwarzschild one in reproducing, at the same time, the observed properties of blue supergiants, even if the Schwarzschild criterion cannot be excluded at this metallicity. We checked that changing the overshoot parameter at solar metallicity does not improve the situation. We also checked that our models are able to reproduce the position of Galactic blue supergiants in the flux-weighted-gravity–luminosity relation.
Conclusions. We confirm that overall, models computed with the Ledoux criterion are slightly better in matching observations. Our results also support the idea that most Galactic α Cyg variables are blue supergiants from group 2, that is stars that have been through a previous red supergiant phase where they have lost a large amount of mass.
Nicht-ST-Hebungsmyokardinfarkt: Invasive Diagnostik und interventionelle Therapie nach aktueller ESC-Leitlinie
Authors: Burianek Franziska Stephanie , Mehilli Julinda 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDie 2020 neu erschienenen ESC-Leitlinien zum akuten Koronarsyndrom ohne ST-Hebungen überholen die alten Empfehlungen zur invasiven Diagnostik und Therapie aus 2018 in verschiedenen Aspekten. In Bezug auf die initiale Risikostratifizierung wird aktuell nun insbesondere zwischen Patienten mit sehr hohem Risiko sowie hohem Risiko unterschieden, die sofort (< 2 Stunden) oder früh (< 24 Stunden) invasiv diagnostiziert werden sollen. Extern erfolgreich wiederbelebte Patienten mit stabiler Hämodynamik und ohne ST-Hebungen müssen nicht mehr einer sofortigen invasiven Diagnostik zugeführt werden, sollten aber weiterhin im kurzfristigen Abstand invasiv abgeklärt werden. Hinsichtlich technisch-prozeduraler Aspekte wurde die bisherige Empfehlung zur kompletten Revaskularisierung bei stabilen Patienten mit Mehrgefäßerkrankung weiter aufgewertet. Insgesamt sollte eine komplette Revaskularisierung stattfinden – dies kann, muss aber nicht während der Index-Prozedur
erfolgen. Ferner kann eine FFR-Messung von Nicht-Culprit-Läsionen während der Index-Prozedur durchgeführt werden. Standardmäßig sollte nun auch für NSTE-ACS-Patienten der radiale Zugangsweg gewählt werden.
Echokardiografische Untersuchung klinisch gesunder Frettchen ohne Sedation
Authors: Hildebrandt Nicolai , Henrich Estelle , Schneider Matthias 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungGegenstand und Ziel Herzerkrankungen, in erster Linie Klappeninsuffizienzen und Kardiomyopathien, spielen auch beim Frettchen eine wichtige Rolle. Ziel dieser Studie war, am wachen gesunden Frettchen gewichtsbezogene Referenzintervalle für echokardiografische Routineparameter im B- und M-Mode zu etablieren, insbesondere des linken Vorhofs.Material und Methoden Bei 18 gesunden, unsedierten Frettchen erfolgte eine echokardiografische Untersuchung in rechter Seitenlage. In 3 M-Mode-Schnitten (linker Ventrikel, Mitralklappenspitze, Aortenwurzel) aus der rechtsparasternalen Längsachse wurden 3 Herzzyklen mit guter Wandbegrenzung ausgewertet und der Mittelwert ermittelt. Im zweidimensionalen B-Mode-Bild wurden aus dem rechtsparasternalen Kurzachsenblick auf Höhe der Aortenklappe der linke Vorhof (LA) sowie die Aorta (Ao) gemessen und der Quotient LA/Ao errechnet.Ergebnisse Die 9 männlichen und 9 weiblichen Frettchen (jeweils kastriert) hatten ein mittleres Alter von 2,6 ± 1,3 Jahren und ein mittleres Gewicht von 1,04 ± 0,31 kg. Die M-Mode-Messungen auf Ventrikelebene bzw. Aortenwurzel ließen sich bei allen Tieren durchführen. Es zeigten sich signifikante Effekte des Körpergewichts auf den Durchmesser des Ventrikels in Diastole und Systole sowie Aorta und Vorhof. Die Messung im B-Bild war oftmals nur an einem Standbild ausreichend möglich. Auch hier ergab sich eine signifikante Abhängigkeit von Ao und LA vom Gewicht. Errechnete Parameter wie die Verkürzungsfraktion und der Quotient LA/Ao waren unabhängig vom Gewicht.Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz Die Echokardiografie im B- und M-Mode stellt am wachen Frettchen eine praxistaugliche Untersuchungstechnik zur Ermittlung von Standardparametern für die morphologische Beurteilung des Herzens dar. Das Körpergewicht muss hierbei jeweils berücksichtigt werden.
Essstörungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Herpertz-Dahlmann Beate 
Published: April 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEssstörungen sind ein häufiger Vorstellungsanlass in der pädiatrischen Praxis. Die Störung mit Vermeidung oder Einschränkung der Nahrungsaufnahme wurde neu in die ICD-11 aufgenommen. Sie betrifft in vielen Fällen das Klein- oder Schulkind und tritt vor allem bei Patienten mit zugrunde liegenden gastrointestinalen, neurologischen oder entwicklungsneurologischen Erkrankungen auf. Die wichtigste Differenzialdiagnose ist die kindliche Anorexia nervosa. Die jugendliche Anorexia nervosa ist eine der häufigsten chronischen Erkrankungen der Adoleszenz. Der Artikel stellt die Einteilung nach ICD-11 sowie neue Erkenntnisse zu deren Ätiologie, Diagnostik und Therapie dar. Dabei gelten neue Empfehlungen für die Realimentation. Eltern sind intensiv in die Behandlung einzubeziehen und übernehmen zu Beginn der Behandlung die Kontrolle über Essensmenge und Bewegungsverhalten. Lange vollstationäre Aufenthalte sind zu vermeiden. Die Bulimia nervosa und die Binge-Eating-Störung sind durch Heißhungerattacken gekennzeichnet. Dabei ist Binge Eating vielfach mit einer ausgeprägten Adipositas und psychischen Störungen wie Depressionen und Angststörungen assoziiert.
Dicas para reconstrução artroscópica do cruzado anterior sem o garrote
Authors: Datti Iberê Pereira 
Published: April 2021

ResumoA reconstrução artroscópica do ligamento cruzado anterior é uma cirurgia comum realizada pelos cirurgiões ortopédicos dispostos a restaurar a estabilidade do joelho de pacientes fisicamente ativos. Apesar de ser geralmente um procedimento sem intercorrências, os cirurgiões devem sempre procurar melhores resultados pós-operatórios; neste cenário, a reconstrução artroscópica do ligamento anterior sem torniquete é uma alternativa promissora. O objetivo deste artigo é compartilhar com outros cirurgiões ortopédicos ao redor do mundo nossa experiência com este procedimento e algumas dicas técnicas que podem ser úteis.
Impacto das estratégias adotadas para enfrentar a pandemia de COVID-19 em um Instituto Brasileiro de referência em cirurgia de alta complexidade em Ortopedia e Traumatologia
Authors: Motta Filho Geraldo da Rocha , Leal Ana Carolina , Amaral Marcus Vinicius Galvão do , Maia Phelippe Augusto Valente , Duarte Maria Eugênia Leite , Bähr Germana Lyra 
Published: April 2021

ResumoA pandemia de COVID-19 exigiu reorganização e adaptação substanciais dos serviços de saúde em todo o mundo. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar o efeito das estratégias operacionais implementadas no Brasil em resposta à pressão extra imposta aos serviços de saúde pela pandemia de COVID-19 de 2020. Esta pesquisa examina principalmente a estratégia de conversão de um instituto especializado em procedimentos ortopédicos eletivos de alta complexidade em uma unidade de trauma para todos os pacientes com traumatismo musculoesquelético de toda uma unidade federativa. Um estudo retrospectivo comparou as variáveis hospitalares no período de pico da pandemia (de 16 de março de 2020 a 30 de junho de 2020) com o mesmo período de 2019, que representou os valores basais. As variáveis analisadas foram número de profissionais afastados do trabalho, cirurgias realizadas, atendimento ambulatorial, transferências, tempo de internação, número de pacientes com diagnóstico de COVID-19 e mortalidade dos pacientes. Durante o período de pico de COVID-19, houve uma redução de 48,5% na produtividade cirúrgica e de 72,4% no atendimento ambulatorial em comparação ao mesmo período de 2019. O número de transferências aumentou de maneira substancial (124,5%), com relato de 94 casos confirmados e 77 casos suspeitos de COVID-19. A taxa de mortalidade aumentou 245%. Este estudo destacou o efeito da COVID-19 em um hospital ortopédico terciário. Apesar das mudanças dramáticas no funcionamento do hospital devido à instituição de protocolos em resposta à pandemia, os resultados demonstraram a viabilidade e a eficiência de tais protocolos em priorizar a qualidade e a segurança dos pacientes e dos profissionais de saúde.
Design of JT-60SA core Thomson scattering diagnostic system
Authors: Tojo H. , Pasqualotto R. , Fassina A. , Giudicotti L. , Sasao H. , Homma H. , Oyama N. 
Published: April 2021

An incoherent Thomson scattering diagnostic will be installed in the JT-60SA tokamak to measure electron temperature and electron density profiles. The target radial spatial resolution is 25 mm with 46 spatial channels. The accuracy in electron temperature and density is a few percent at ne = 7.5 × 1019 m−3, which is the expected value in the plasma core. This paper presents the designs of collection optics, fibers with their alignment system, and polychromators. The collection optics overcomes unique issues for superconducting fusion devices, i.e., limited design space, high-temperature measurements, and harsh radiation condition. When in several years the more performing plasma will generate intense nuclear radiation, the lens materials of the optics can be replaced by radiation resistant glasses without major changes in the lens holder. It will prevent transmission degradation and keep stable measurement accuracy.
Global inequality remotely sensed
Authors: Mirza M. Usman , Xu Chi , Bavel Bas van , van Nes Egbert H. , Scheffer Marten 
Published: April 2021

Significance
Reliable data on economic inequality are largely limited to North America and Western Europe. As a result, we know the least about areas where inequality presents the most serious developmental policy challenge. We demonstrate that spatial variation in night-light emitted per person can reflect the distribution of income. This allows us to map global patterns and trends in economic inequality using remote sensing.
Physical mixing in coastal waters controls and decouples nitrification via biomass dilution
Authors: Haas Sebastian , Robicheau Brent M. , Rakshit Subhadeep , Tolman Jennifer , Algar Christopher K. , LaRoche Julie , Wallace Douglas W. R. 
Published: April 2021

Significance
Changes in both quantity and speciation of nitrogen in coastal waters impact phytoplankton communities, contributing to eutrophication and harmful algal blooms. Multidisciplinary oceanographic time series of high resolution are rare but crucial for identifying complex mechanisms that underlie such anthropogenic impacts. Analysis and modeling of such a time series from a seasonally stratified fjord showed that dilution of nitrifier biomass by variable winter mixing altered the timing and rates of nitrification, which converts ammonia to nitrite and nitrate. This reveals a link among climate-sensitive physical dynamics, nitrifier abundance, and diversity, with controls on phytoplankton ecology. The findings imply that explicit measurement and modeling of microbial communities will be required to project impacts of climate change on coastal ecosystems.
Supporting social hierarchy is associated with White police officers’ use of force
Authors: Swencionis Jillian K. , Pouget Enrique R. , Goff Phillip Atiba 
Published: April 2021

Significance
We test whether White police officers who endorse social hierarchies are more likely than less hierarchy-supportive White police officers to use physical force when interacting with residents. In three United States cities, we found that White police officers with relatively higher social dominance orientation (SDO) were more likely than lower-SDO White officers to use force when interacting with residents. Black police officers, who hold a lower-status racial identity, showed nonsignificant or negative relationships between SDO and use of force. That White officers’ orientation toward enforcing hierarchies predicts their rate of force in three cities suggests the need for closer examination of how hierarchy maintenance relates to police use of force.
A multi-omics approach to lignocellulolytic enzyme discovery reveals a new ligninase activity from
Parascedosporium putredinis
NO1
Authors: Oates Nicola C. , Abood Amira , Schirmacher Alexandra M. , Alessi Anna M. , Bird Susannah M. , Bennett Joseph P. , Leadbeater Daniel R. , Li Yi , Dowle Adam A. , Liu Sarah , Tymokhin Vitaliy I. , Ralph John , McQueen-Mason Simon J. , Bruce Neil C. 
Published: April 2021

Significance
Lignocellulose, in the form of crop residues, presents an attractive alternative to crude oil for both the production of renewable fuels and chemicals. Its large-scale application as a feedstock, however, remains limited. A bottleneck in its implementation is the presence of lignin that envelopes the structure, physically blocking access to sugar-rich polymers that lie beneath. Here, we describe the isolation of an exceptional lignocellulose-degrading fungus that produces new oxidase activity with no cofactor requirements. This enzyme cleaves β-ether units in lignin-releasing tricin, a flavonoid of pharmaceutical potential, from the lignin macromolecule. Furthermore, we demonstrate that treatments with this enzyme can increase the digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass, offering the possibility of producing a valuable product from lignin while decreasing processing costs.
Acquisition of optimal TFH cell function is defined by specific molecular, positional, and TCR dynamic signatures
Authors: Padhan Kartika , Moysi Eirini , Noto Alessandra , Chassiakos Alexander , Ghneim Khader , Perra Maria Maddalena , Shah Sanjana , Papaioannou Vasilis , Fabozzi Giulia , Ambrozak David R. , Poultsidi Antigoni , Ioannou Maria , Fenwick Craig , Darko Samuel , Douek Daniel C. , Sekaly Rafick-Pierre , Pantaleo Giuseppe , Koup Richard A. , Petrovas Constantinos 
Published: April 2021

SignificanceWe characterized the heterogeneity of human TFH cells at a cellular, molecular, functional, and positional level and revealed possible mechanistic links between relevant determinants of this heterogeneity. Linking the topology with specific molecular profile and function is a key aspect in the understanding of the role of particular TFH cell subsets in the pathogenesis of relevant diseases and the delivery of optimal help to GC B cells for the development of potent neutralizing antibodies.
NMR unveils an N-terminal interaction interface on acetylated-α-synuclein monomers for recruitment to fibrils
Authors: Yang Xue , Wang Baifan , Hoop Cody L. , Williams Jonathan K. , Baum Jean 
Published: April 2021

Significance
Cell-to-cell spreading of αS fibrils leads to amyloid seeding of endogenous monomer. Detailed atomic-level mechanistic understanding of the fibril seeding process of αS is essential for design of therapeutic approaches against Parkinson’s disease. In light of its complexity, this process remains ill defined at the molecular level. Using relaxation-based solution NMR experiments, we mapped a common N-terminal binding interface of the Ac-αS intrinsically disordered monomer with Ac-αS fibrils and off-pathway oligomers to elucidate critical monomer–aggregate interactions during seeded aggregation and in equilibrium with mature aggregates. From this work, we propose a paradigm in which Ac-αS monomer recruitment to the fibril is driven by interactions between the intrinsically disordered monomer N terminus and the flanking IDRs on the fibril surface.
Pinpointing the neural signatures of single-exposure visual recognition memory
Authors: Mehrpour Vahid , Meyer Travis , Simoncelli Eero P. , Rust Nicole C. 
Published: April 2021

Significance
Humans have a remarkable ability to remember images they have seen, even after seeing thousands, each only once and for a few seconds. One important step toward understanding how the primate brain supports this remarkable form of memory involves pinpointing the neural activity patterns that enable image memory behavior. This paper presents evidence this neural activity pattern is sensory referenced suppression: reductions in population response magnitude, corrected for sensory modulation.
Transfer-printed, tandem microscale light-emitting diodes for full-color displays
Authors: Li Lizhu , Tang Guo , Shi Zhao , Ding He , Liu Changbo , Cheng Dali , Zhang Qianyi , Yin Lan , Yao Zhibo , Duan Lian , Zhang Donghao , Wang Chenggong , Feng Meixin , Sun Qian , Wang Qiang , Han Yanjun , Wang Lai , Luo Yi , Sheng Xing 
Published: April 2021

Significance
Inorganic semiconductor based micro-LEDs have recently attracted tremendous interests of both industrial developers and academic researchers for the realization of next-generation displays. The reduction of LED sizes causes performance degradation and increased fabrication challenges. In this paper, we introduce a tandem device scheme based on stacked red, green, and blue (RGB) micro-LEDs for the realization of full-color lighting and displays. Thin-film micro-LEDs (size ∼100 μm, thickness ∼5 μm) based on III–V compound semiconductors are vertically assembled via epitaxial liftoff and transfer printing. A thin-film dielectric-based optical filter serves as a wavelength selective interface for performance enhancement. Furthermore, we prototype arrays of tandem RGB micro-LEDs and demonstrate display capabilities across the entire visible wavelength range.
Molecular analysis of black coatings and anointing fluids from ancient Egyptian coffins, mummy cases, and funerary objects
Authors: Fulcher Kate , Serpico Margaret , Taylor John H. , Stacey Rebecca 
Published: April 2021

SignificancePrevious studies of ritual black coatings on coffins from ancient Egypt have taken single small samples from objects of wide-ranging time periods and have conflated different types of application. This study takes 100 samples of black ritual liquids identified by type of application and precisely located on the objects, to allow the results to be fully contextualized within the wider discipline. It shows that black coatings on coffins were made using a remarkably consistent selection of natural products. The molecules identified in these black coatings overlap with those used in Egyptian mummification balms, which may suggest a link among separate applications: preparation of the body for burial, decoration of the coffin, and rites performed during the funeral.
Solar anti-icing surface with enhanced condensate self-removing at extreme environmental conditions
Authors: Zhang Hongqiang , Zhao Guanlei , Wu Shuwang , Alsaid Yousif , Zhao Wenzheng , Yan Xiao , Liu Lei , Zou Guisheng , Lv Jianyong , He Ximin , He Zhiyuan , Wang Jianjun 
Published: April 2021

Significance
Among various anti-icing conditions, cold and humid environments are the most difficult to tackle. Although photothermal materials have been used to increase surface temperature for delaying freezing, severe condensation under cold and humid environments causes increased reflection, resulting in lower temperature rise and eventually condensate freezing. Ideal passive anti-icing surfaces should remove condensed water immediately, leaving no water for freezing. Herein, a condensate self-removing solar anti-icing/frosting surface is developed. With optimum hierarchical micro/nanostructures, it has excellent photothermal capability to elevate surface temperature and simultaneously can shed off condensed water effectively via coalescence-induced droplet jumping, providing continuously refreshed dry surface for sunlight absorption to maintain the elevated temperature under challenging environmental conditions, where condensation and fogging would otherwise be strongly promoted.