bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relaxation behavior in low-frequency complex conductivity of sands caused by bacterial growth and biofilm formation by Shewanella oneidensis under a high-salinity condition
Authors: Joo Hyun-Woo , Kwon Tae-Hyuk , Lee Seung-Rae , Wu Yuxin 
Published: August 2021

Complex electrical conductivity is increasingly used to monitor subsurface processes associated with microbial activities because microbial cells mostly have surface charges and thus electrical double layers. Although highly saline environments are frequently encountered in coastal and marine sediments, there are limited data available on the complex conductivity associated with microbial activities under a high-salinity condition. Therefore, we have developed the spectral responses of complex conductivity of sand associated with bacterial growth and biofilm formation under a highly saline condition of approximately 1% salinity and approximately 2 S/m pore water conductivity with an emphasis on relaxation behavior. A column test is performed, in which the model bacteria Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 are stimulated for cell growth and biofilm formation in a sand pack, whereas the complex conductivity is monitored from 0.01 Hz to 10 kHz. The test results indicate that the real conductivity increases in the early stage due to the microbial metabolites and the increased surface conduction with cell growth but soon begin to decrease because of the reduction of charge passages due to bioclogging. However, the imaginary conductivity significantly increases with time, and clear bell-shaped relaxation behaviors are observed with the peak frequency of 0.1–1 Hz, associated with the double-layer polarization of cells and electrically conductive pili and biofilms. The Cole-Cole relaxation model appears to capture such relaxation behaviors well, and the modeling results indicate gradual increases in normalized chargeability and decreases in relaxation time during bacterial growth and biofilm formation in the highly saline condition. Comparison with previous literature confirms that the high-salinity condition further increases the normalized chargeability, whereas it suppresses the phase shift and thus the imaginary conductivity. Our results suggest that the complex conductivity can effectively capture microbial biomass formation in sands under a highly saline condition.
Recent Applications of the Huynh Electronic Parameter (HEP)
Authors: Huynh Han Vinh 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The Huynh electronic parameter (HEP) is a modern alternative method to determine ligand donor strengths by 13C NMR spectroscopy of metal NHC complexes containing the ligand of interest. Using the HEP, the electronic properties of numerous classical Werner-type and organometallic ligands have been evaluated thus far. Moreover, it has been extended to the HEP2, which provides a means to measure bidentate chelators. This Highlight Review covers recent applications of the HEP and its variants from 2016 onwards.
Chromosome-scale assembly of the yellow mealworm genome
Authors: Eleftheriou Evangelia , Aury Jean-Marc , Vacherie Benoît , Istace Benjamin , Belser Caroline , Noel Benjamin , Moret Yannick , Rigaud Thierry , Berro Fabrice , Gasparian Sona , Labadie-Bretheau Karine , Lefebvre Thomas , Madoui Mohammed-Amin 
Published: August 2021

Background: The yellow mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor, is a promising alternative protein source for animal and human nutrition and its farming involves relatively low environmental costs. For these reasons, its industrial scale production started this century. However, to optimize and breed sustainable new T. molitor lines, the access to its genome remains essential. Methods: By combining Oxford Nanopore and Illumina Hi-C data, we constructed a high-quality chromosome-scale assembly of T. molitor. Then, we combined RNA-seq data and available coleoptera proteomes for gene prediction with GMOVE. Results: We produced a high-quality genome with a N50 = 21.9Mb with a completeness of 99.5% and predicted 21,435 genes with a median size of 1,780 bp. Gene orthology between T. molitor and Tribolium castaneaum showed a highly conserved synteny between the two coleoptera. Conclusions: The present genome will greatly help fundamental and applied research such as genetic breeding and will contribute to the sustainable production of the yellow mealworm.
Comparative effectiveness of treatment options for displaced midshaft clavicle fractures
Authors: Martin John R. , Saunders Patrick E. , Phillips Mark , Mitchell Sean M. , Mckee Michael D. , Schemitsch Emil H. , Dehghan Niloofar 
Published: August 2021

AimsThe aims of this network meta-analysis (NMA) were to examine nonunion rates and functional outcomes following various operative and nonoperative treatments for displaced mid-shaft clavicle fractures.MethodsInitial search strategy incorporated MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Four treatment arms were created: nonoperative (NO); intramedullary nailing (IMN); reconstruction plating (RP); and compression/pre-contoured plating (CP). A Bayesian NMA was conducted to compare all treatment options for outcomes of nonunion, malunion, and function using the Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder and Hand (DASH) and Constant-Murley Shoulder Outcome scores.ResultsIn all, 19 RCTs consisting of 1,783 clavicle fractures were included in the NMA. All surgical options demonstrated a significantly lower odds ratio (OR) of nonunion in comparison to nonoperative management: CP versus NO (OR 0.08; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04 to 0.17); IMN versus NO (OR 0.07; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.19); RP versus NO (OR 0.07; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.24). Compression plating was the only treatment to demonstrate significantly lower DASH scores relative to NO at six weeks (mean difference -10.97; 95% CI -20.69 to 1.47).ConclusionSurgical fixation demonstrated a lower risk of nonunion compared to nonoperative management. Compression plating resulted in significantly less disability early after surgery compared to nonoperative management. These results demonstrate possible early improved functional outcomes with compression plating compared to nonoperative treatment. Surgical fixation of mid-shaft clavicle fractures with compression plating may result in quicker return to activity by rendering patients less disabled early after surgery. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(8):646–654.
Photonic instantaneous frequency measurement using a dense wavelength-division multiplexer
Authors: Li Xiangrui , Wen Aijun , Li Xiaoyang , Mo Yinglun , Zhuo Hao 
Published: August 2021

A photonic instantaneous frequency measurement receiver based on frequency to optical power mapping is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. One channel of a dense wavelength-division multiplexer (DWDM) is used as an optical filter to establish a power ratio function related to the frequency of the microwave signal. Different from most optical filters, the DWDM filter features smooth and quasilinear roll-off over a wide bandwidth. With the help of a laser of good wavelength stability and a bias controller, large measurement range and high accuracy are simultaneously achieved without multi-step operation. The instanstaneous frequency measurement receiver can measure the frequency with an accuracy of 0.2% of the signal frequency in the range of 1–40 GHz over 1.5 h in the experiment.
Design of an all-fiber mode power splitter for mode-division-multiplexing transmission
Authors: Zhang Cong , Shen Lei 
Published: August 2021

An all-fiber mode power splitter (MPS) for mode-division multiplexing (MDM) transmission is proposed and numerically investigated. The MPS is based on the configuration of the symmetric few-mode fiber (FMF) coupler, with the operation of four modes (

L
P

01

,

L
P

11

,

L
P

21

, and

L
P

02

). By comprehensively optimizing the FMF coupling parameters, including both the coupling area distance

D

and the coupling length

L

, MPSs with various power splitting ratios from 90%:10% to 50%:50% under the condition of different single guided mode injection are obtained. Then, the MPS with a 90%:10% power splitting ratio under the simultaneous injection of

L
P

01

,

L
P

11

,

L
P

21

, and

L
P

02

modes is reported, which can be used as the mode tap for the optical performance monitoring. Moreover, based on the proposed MPS structure, selective mode power strippers with more than 25 dB mode extinction ratio for

L
P

01

,

L
P

11

,

L
P

21

, and

L
P

02

modes are numerically verified. The arbitrary single guided mode arising in the FMF can be selectively coupled into another FMF, together with an insertion loss of less than 1 dB. Owing to the flexible setting of the mode power splitting ratio, the proposed MPS may become a potential solution to realizing system performance monitoring and mode power routing in MDM systems.
Stacked GaN/AlN last quantum barrier for high-efficiency InGaN-based green light-emitting diodes
Authors: Tao Guoyi , Zhao Xiaoyu , Zhou Shengjun 
Published: August 2021

Realization of efficient InGaN-based green light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is highly desirable in solid-state lighting industry. Here, we propose a stacked last quantum barrier (SLQB) GaN/AlN layer for green (

∼

550

n
m

) LEDs grown on patterned sapphire substrate to improve the device performance. A green LED with a SLQB achieves a light output power (LOP) of 13 mW at 15 mA, which is 35% higher than that of LEDs with a conventional last quantum barrier (CLQB) GaN layer. In addition, the forward voltage of the green LED with the SLQB is reduced by 0.16 V compared with green LEDs with the CLQB. Simulation results demonstrate that the AlN layer in the SLQB increases the effective barrier height for electrons and alleviates the electron leakage effect. It also enables an intraband tunneling process for holes to inject into the active region, promoting the hole injection efficiency. As a result, we successfully obtain InGaN-based green LEDs with remarkably improved carrier injection efficiency by adopting the SLQB structure.
Laser paintbrush as a tool for modern art: publisher’s note
Authors: Veiko Vadim P. , Andreeva Yaroslava , Van Cuong Luong , Lutoshina Daria , Polvakov Dmitrv , Sinev Dmitrv , Mikhailovskii Vladimir , Kolobov Yurv R. , Odintsova Galina 
Published: August 2021

This publisher’s note reports a correction to Eq. (1) of
Optica
8, 577–585 (2021)OPTIC82334-253610.1364/OPTICA.420074.
Resonance and topological singularity near and beyond zero frequency for waves: model, theory, and effects
Authors: Xiong Langlang , Zhang Yu , Jiang Xunya 
Published: August 2021

Research interest in resonance and topology for systems at near-zero frequency, whose wavelength could be 2 orders larger than the scale of resonators is very rare, since the trivial effective-medium theory is generally thought to be correct in this regime. Also, the complex frequency regime is generally thought to be irrelevant to the topological properties of Hermitian systems. In this work, we find the general conditions to realize near-zero frequency resonance for a resonator and theoretically propose two kinds of realizations of such resonators, which are confirmed by numerical methods. The photonic crystals with such a resonator as the unit cell present rich topological characteristics at the near-zero frequency regime. The topological singularity that corresponds to the resonant frequency of the unit cell can be pushed to zero frequency at the bottom of the first band by tuning a certain parameter to a critical value. Surprisingly, we find that, when the parameter is tuned over the critical value, the singularity has disappeared in the first band and is pushed into the imaginary frequency regime, but now the topology of the first band and gap is still nontrivial, which is demonstrated by the existence of the topological edge state in the first gap, the negative sign of imaginary part of the surface impedance, and the symmetry property of Wannier functions. So, we are forced to accept that the singularity in the imaginary frequency regime can influence the topology in the real frequency regime. So, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, we find that the singularity in the pure imaginary regime can still cause the observable topological effects on the real frequency regime, even for the Hermitian systems. Now, zero frequency acts as a novel exceptional point for Hermitian systems and the topology of the first band and first gap could be quite different from other bands and gaps, since they are intrinsically connected with zero frequency. Other new phenomena are also observed when the singularity is at the near-zero frequency regimes (real or imaginary), e.g., the cubic relationship between reflection coefficient and the frequency, the robust wide-bandwidth high transmission at very low frequency, etc. Besides the theoretical importance, some basic applications, such as the robust deep subwavelength wide bandwidth high-transmission layered structures, the subwavelength wide bandwidth absorbers, and the cavity from the topological subwavelength edge state are proposed, which can inspire new designs in many areas of optics, microwaves, and acoustics. This work opens a new window for rich topological physics and revolutionary device designs at the near and beyond zero-frequency regimes.
Dye-sensitized Er3+-doped CaF2 nanoparticles for enhanced near-infrared emission at 1.5  μm
Authors: Liu Jing , Artizzu Flavia , Zeng Min , Pilia Luca , Geiregat Pieter , Van Deun Rik 
Published: August 2021

Lanthanide (Ln)-doped nanoparticles have shown potential for applications in various fields. However, the weak and narrow absorption bands of the Ln ions (

Ln

3
+

), hamper efficient optical pumping and severely limit the emission intensity. Dye sensitization is a promising way to boost the near-infrared (NIR) emission of

Er

3
+

, hence promoting possible application in optical amplification at 1.5 μm, a region that is much sought after for telecommunication technology. Herein, we introduce the fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) organic dye with large absorption cross section as energy donor of small-sized (

∼
3.6

nm

)

Er

3
+

-doped

CaF

2

nanoparticles. FITC molecules on the surface of

CaF

2

work as antennas to efficiently absorb light, and provide the indirect sensitization of

Er

3
+

boosting its emission. In this paper, we employ photoluminescence and transient absorption spectroscopy, as well as density functional theory calculations, to provide an in-depth investigation of the

FITC
→

Er

3
+

energy transfer process. We show that an energy transfer efficiency of over 89% is achieved in

CaF

2

:

Er

3
+

@
FITC

nanoparticles resulting in a 28 times enhancement of the

Er

3
+

NIR emission with respect to bare

CaF

2

:

Er

3
+

. Through the multidisciplinary approach used in our work, we are able to show that the reason for such high sensitization efficiency stems from the suitable size and geometry of the FITC dye with a localized transition dipole moment at a short distance from the surface of the nanoparticle.
Single-mode helical Bragg grating waveguide created in a multimode coreless fiber by femtosecond laser direct writing
Authors: He Jun , He Jia , Xu Xizhen , Du Bin , Xu Baijie , Liao Changrui , Bai Zhiyong , Wang Yiping 
Published: August 2021

We demonstrate the fabrication of single-mode helical Bragg grating waveguides (HBGWs) in a multimode coreless fiber by using a femtosecond laser direct writing technique. This approach provides a single-step method for creating Bragg grating waveguides. Specifically, the unique helical structure in such an HBGW serves as a depressed cladding waveguide and also generates strong Bragg resonance due to its periodicity. Effects of pulse energy, helical diameter, and helical pitch used for fabricating HBGWs were studied, and a single-mode HBGW with a narrow bandwidth of 0.43 nm and a Bragg wavelength of 1546.50 nm was achieved by using appropriate parameters, including a diameter of 10 μm and a helical pitch of 1.07 μm. The measured cross-sectional refractive index profile indicates that a depressed cladding waveguide has been created in this single-mode HBGW. Moreover, five single-mode HBGWs with various Bragg wavelengths were successfully fabricated by controlling the helical pitch, and this technique could be used for achieving a wavelength-division-multiplexed HBGW array. Then, the temperature and strain responses of the fabricated single-mode HBGW were tested, exhibiting a temperature sensitivity of 11.65 pm/°C and a strain sensitivity of 1.29 pm/με, respectively. In addition, the thermal stability of the single-mode HBGW was also studied by annealing at a high temperature of 700°C for 15 h. The degeneration of the single-mode waveguide into a multimode waveguide was observed during the isothermal annealing process, and the peak reflection and the Bragg wavelength of the fundamental mode exhibited a decrease of

∼
7

dB

and a “blue” shift of 0.36 nm. Hence, such a femtosecond laser directly written single-mode HBGW could be used in many applications, such as sapphire fiber sensors, photonic integrated circuits, and monolithic waveguide lasers.
Description of adverse events among adult men following voluntary medical male circumcision: Findings from a circumcision programme in two provinces of South Africa
Authors: Muchiri Evans , Charalambous Salome , Ginindza Sibuse , Maraisane Mpho , Maringa Tintswalo , Vranken Peter , Loykissoonlal Dayanund , Muturi-Kioi Vincent , Chetty-Makkan Candice M. 
Published: August 2021

Background
Clinical trials showed strong evidence that voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) reduces the acquisition of HIV among heterosexual men by up to 60%. However, VMMC uptake in East and Southern Africa remains suboptimal, with safety concerns identified as a barrier to uptake. We investigated the occurrence and severity of adverse events (AEs) in a routine VMMC programme implemented in Gauteng and North West provinces of South Africa.

Methods
We describe the frequency and characteristics of AEs using routinely collected data from a VMMC programme implemented between 01 May 2013 and 31 December 2014. The surgical procedure was provided at fixed clinics and mobile units in three districts. Adult men undertaking the procedure were referred for follow-up appointments where AEs were monitored.

Results
A total of 7,963 adult men were offered the VMMC service with 7,864 (98.8%) met the age and consent requirements for inclusion in a research follow-up after the surgical procedure and were followed-up for potential AEs. In total, 37 (0.5%) patients reported AEs post-surgery with infection [11 (29.7%)] and excessive bleeding [11 (29.7%)] commonly reported AEs. In terms of severity, 14 (37.8%) were classified as mild, 13 (35.1%) as moderate, and 10 (27.0%) as severe. Further, 32 (86.5%) of the AEs were classified as definitely related to the surgical procedure, with 36 (97.5%) of all AEs resolving without sequelae.

Conclusion
The VMMC programme was able to reach adult men at high risk of HIV acquisition. Reported AEs in the programme were minimal, with the observed safety profile comparable to clinical trial settings, suggesting that VMMC can be safely administered in a programmatic setting.
Association of obesity, visceral adiposity, and sarcopenia with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome: A retrospective study
Authors: Kim Su Hwan , Kang Hyoun Woo , Jeong Ji Bong , Lee Dong Seok , Ahn Dong-Won , Kim Ji Won , Kim Byeong Gwan , Lee Kook Lae , Oh Sohee , Yoon Soon Ho , Park Sang Joon 
Published: August 2021

Aims
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a global health problem associated with an increased risk of diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer. Body composition parameters, including obesity, visceral adiposity, and sarcopenia contribute to the development of MS and CVD. Previous studies have investigated the association of individual body composition parameters with MS. Studies analyzing the association between multiple body composition parameters and MS have been rare. We aimed to investigate the association between MS and multiple body composition parameters, including obesity, visceral adiposity, and sarcopenia.

Methods
A total of 13,620 subjects who underwent voluntary routine checkups at the Health Care Center of our institution between October 2014 and December 2019 were enrolled. Only data from the first examination of subjects who underwent repeated checkups were included. Clinical and laboratory data were collected. Skeletal muscle mass and visceral fat area (VFA) were measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) was divided by body weight (in kg) and expressed as a percentage (calculated as, ASM% = ASM × 100/Weight). Data were compared between the groups based on obesity, VFA, and ASM%. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the risk of MS in each group.

Results
Body mass index and VFA were significantly higher in subjects with MS than in those without MS. ASM% was significantly lower in subjects with MS than in those without MS. Subjects with obesity, visceral adiposity, or sarcopenia had a higher prevalence of MS than those without. As the number of metabolic components increased from 0 to 5, we identified a decreasing trend of ASM% and an increasing trend of VFA and BMI (P for trend < 0.001 for all). In the paired analyses, all the three body composition parameters showed additive effects in predicting MS. In the logistic regression analysis, the three parameters were associated with an increased risk of MS after adjustment for age, sex, hypertension, DM, dyslipidemia, smoking, alcohol intake, and C-reactive protein.

Conclusions
Obesity, visceral adiposity, and sarcopenia showed additive effects on MS prediction. Subjects with obesity, visceral adiposity, or sarcopenia were significantly associated with the increased risk of MS after adjustment for multiple confounders. Increasing skeletal muscle and reducing visceral fat may be strategies for the prevention or treatment of MS.
Meta-Analysis: Placebo Response and Its Determinants in Functional Dyspepsia
Authors: Huang Xinyi , Oshima Tadayuki , Tomita Toshihiko , Fukui Hirokazu , Miwa Hiroto 
Published: August 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Placebo response rates are relatively higher in clinical trials of disorders of brain-gut interaction. However, placebo response in functional dyspepsia (FD) has not been well described. Minimizing placebo response is important in drug development. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis to determine placebo response in trials for FD and to identify factors affecting placebo response rates.

METHODS:
PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched to identify double-blinded randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing medication with placebo in patients with FD. Both symptom improvement and complete relief were considered as separate primary endpoints in the analysis. Proportions of placebo patients experiencing any symptom improvement or complete relief were calculated. Dropouts after randomization for any reason were assumed to represent treatment failure for data extraction and analysis. Placebo response was pooled by a random-effects model, and effects of trial characteristics on the magnitude of placebo response were evaluated.

RESULTS:
In 58 eligible placebo-controlled RCTs of FD from 52 selected citations, 6,732 of 17,890 participants in all trials received placebo. Pooled placebo response rates for symptom improvement and complete relief were 44.3% and 15.6%, respectively. The placebo response rate was lower when improvements were assessed for ≥8 weeks. Trials assessing complete symptom relief showed lower placebo response rates even in trials for <8 weeks.

DISCUSSION:
Our systematic review and meta-analysis showed that pooled placebo response rates in double-blinded RCTs of FD depended on efficacy criteria. Trials assessing complete symptom relief showed stable low placebo response rates in short-term trials.