bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TLR4 deficiency upregulates TLR9 expression and enhances irinotecan‐related intestinal mucositis and late‐onset diarrhoea
Authors: Wong Deysi Viviana Tenazoa , Holanda Renata Brito Falcão , Cajado Aurilene Gomes , Bandeira Alessandro Maia , Pereira Jorge Fernando Bessa , Amorim Joice Oliveira , Torres Clarice Sampaio , Ferreira Luana Maria Moura , Lopes Marina Helena Silva , Oliveira Roberta Taiane Germano , Pereira Anamaria Falcão , Sant'Ana Rosane Oliveira , Arruda Larissa Mont'alverne , Ribeiro‐Júnior Howard Lopes , Pinheiro Ronald Feitosa , Almeida Paulo Roberto Carvalho , Carvalho Robson Francisco , Chaves Fábio Figueiredo , Rocha‐Filho Duílio Reis , Cunha Fernando Queiroz , Lima‐Júnior Roberto César Pereira 
Published: July 2021

Background and purposeSevere diarrhoea, a common gastrointestinal manifestation of anticancer treatment with irinotecan, might involve single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of toll‐like receptors (TLRs), described as critical bacterial sensors in the gut. Here, colorectal cancer patients carrying missense TLR4 A896G (rs4986790) or C1,196T (rs4986791) SNPs and Tlr4 knockout (Tlr4−/−) mice were given irinotecan to investigate the severity of the induced diarrhoea.Experimental approachForty‐six patients treated with irinotecan‐based regimens had diarrhoea severity analysed according to TLR4 genotypes. In the experimental setting, wild‐type (WT) or Tlr4−/− mice were given irinotecan (45 or 75 mg·kg−1, i.p.) or saline (3 ml·kg−1). Diarrhoea severity was evaluated by measuring intestinal injury and inflammatory markers expression after animals were killed.Key resultsAll patients with TLR4 SNPs chemotherapy‐treated presented diarrhoea, whereas gastrointestinal toxicity was observed in 50% of the wild homozygous individuals. Mice injected with irinotecan presented systemic bacterial translocation and increased TLR4 immunostaining in the intestine. In line with the clinical findings, Tlr4 gene deficiency enhanced irinotecan‐related diarrhoea and TLR9 expression in mice. An increased myeloperoxidase activity and Il‐18 expression along with IL‐10 decreased production in Tlr4−/− mice also indicated an intensified intestinal damage and inflammatory response.Conclusion and implicationsTLR4 deficiency upregulates TLR9 expression and enhances intestinal damage and the severity of late‐onset diarrhoea during irinotecan‐based treatment. Identifying patients genetically predisposed to chemotherapy‐associated diarrhoea is a strategy toward precision medicine.
Differential performance of contrasting defensive traits of cocoons of two moth species against bird predation
Authors: Furukawa Mariko , Nakanishi Kosuke , Honma Atsushi , Takakura Koh‐Ichi , Matsuyama Kazuyo , Hidaka Naoya , Sawada Hiroichi , Nishida Takayoshi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrey defensive traits against predators can be categorized into primary defense (avoiding detection) and secondary defense (avoiding attack after detection). There are trade‐offs between these two defensive traits, which consider the cost of defense. To quantify the predation avoidance efficacy of both defensive traits against common predators, we compared bird predation pressures and the corresponding avoidance measures of cocoons of two nettle moth species, which utilize contrasting avoidance strategies: Parasa lepida (investing predominantly in primary defense) and Monema flavescens (investing predominantly in secondary defense). Field censuses revealed that bird predation was the most significant mortality factor for both species. The survival rate of cocoons was significantly higher for M. flavescens than for P. lepida, although M. flavescens were more conspicuous than P. lepida. Measurement of prepupae (cocoon content) mass, and experiments on the feeding preferences of the prepupae of both species using chicks, confirmed a similar quantity and quality of both speciesʼ prepupae as prey items. Our results were explained by the advantage of cocoon hardness outweighing the disadvantage of cocoon conspicuousness. The predation behavior of wild birds suggested that they spent considerably longer handling than searching for cocoons, which accounted for their cocoon preference for P. lepida over M. flavescens in the context of optimal foraging theory. Our results suggested that secondary defense was more effective in reducing bird predation than primary defense in limacodid cocoons.
Maleic acid hydrotropic fractionation of wheat straw to facilitate value‐added multi‐product biorefinery at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Su Chen , Hirth Kolby , Liu Zhulan , Cao Yunfeng , Zhu J. Y. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWheat straw was rapidly fractionated using maleic acid (MA) as an acid hydrotrope at atmospheric pressure under a range of conditions. MA hydrotropic fractionation (MAHF) was very selective in dissolving lignin and hemicelluloses resulting in a cellulose‐rich water insoluble solids (WIS), which was evaluated for producing fibers through bleaching and cellulosic nanofibrils by fibrillation, as well as glucose through enzymatic saccharification. The residual lignin (RL) within the WIS has a low degree of condensation, which eased bleaching. The RL was also carboxylated through MAHF, which facilitated nanofibrillation to produce lignin‐containing cellulose nanofibrils. The carboxylation also aided enzymatic saccharification of WIS by decreasing nonproductive cellulase binding to RL through electrostatic repulsion between carboxylated (charged) RL and the cellulase at elevated pH (>cellulase isoelectric point). The dissolved lignin (DL) from MAHF also has a low degree of condensation, making it favorable for further catalytic conversion. Carboxylation improved DL antioxidant capability. MA is an FDA‐approved indirect food additive (21CFR175‐177) and is much less corrosive than other acids typically used for cellulosic fractionation. It is also less soluble which is a distinct and very promising advantage for acid recovery. Therefore, MAHF has notable advantages and significant potential for sustainable biorefinery.
Disciplining migration aspirations through migration‐information campaigns: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Pagogna Raffaella , Sakdapolrak Patrick 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the past few years, governmental agencies have developed a diverse repertoire of migration‐management measures to steer migration flows and discipline unwanted migration. Migration‐information campaigns have become a prominent tool aimed at communicating directly to migration aspirations of the targeted population in transit and sending countries. Through these information campaigns the geographical locus of control is shifted toward where the receiving state seeks to steer migration flows. This review paper is a research synthesis on literature engaging with migration‐information campaigns. The study is based on 17 peer‐reviewed journal articles from the years 2010–2020. Articles were coded based on discipline, type of research, research perspective, geographic origin and focus of the campaigns, objectives and rationale of the campaigns, tools and methods used in those campaigns, campaign funding, actor constellations, and a general assessment of each article. Findings from this study identify prominent trends as well as blind spots in the current research and indicate that there is still little research available on information campaigns concerning irregular migration, and even fewer studies report on their effectiveness. By implication future research is advised to focus on empirical studies on the impact of information campaigns on migrants' aspirations.
Digital Health Interventions: New opportunities for health science librarians
Authors: Murphy Jeannette 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article acquaints health science librarians with digital health interventions (DHIs) and suggests ways they can become involved with initiatives in their own organisations. Examples of DHIs are provided and the risks and benefits of these applications are examined, including increasing accuracy of diagnosis & treatment, and health care efficiencies within legal and ethical frameworks. The WHO Guideline on digital interventions for health system strengthening is a useful resource which highlights ways that countries can use digital health technology to improve people's health and essential services. JM proposes the creation of a road map to assist health science librarians in becoming involved in digital health, providing practical suggestions to inform the development of action plans within your local service provision.J.M.
Towards disrupting Varroa –honey bee chemosensing: A focus on a Niemann‐Pick type C2 transcript
Authors: Nganso B. T. , Mani K. , Eliash N. , Rafaeli A. , Soroker V. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe focused our study on the 12 recently identified putative odorant carrier proteins in the ectoparasitic mite, Varroa destructor. Here we show, via an exclusion of the chemosensory appendages (forelegs and gnathosoma) that transcripts of five of the 12 genes were significantly lower, suggesting that they are likely involved in carrying host volatiles. Specifically, three transcripts were found to be foreleg‐specific while the other two transcripts were expressed in both the forelegs and gnathosoma. We focused on one of the highly expressed and foreleg‐specific transcript Vd40090, which encodes a Niemann‐Pick disease protein type C2 (NPC2) protein. Effects of dsRNA‐mediated silencing of Vd40090 were first measured by quantifying the transcript levels of genes that encode other putative odorant carrier proteins as well as reproduction related proteins. In addition, the impact of silencing on mites behaviour and survival was tested. Silencing of Vd40090 effectively disrupted Varroa host selection, acceptance and feeding and significantly impaired the expression of genes that regulate its reproduction in brood cells, resulting in reduced reproduction and survival.
Improving emergency services efficiency during Islamic pilgrimage through optimal allocation of facilities
Authors: Morgan Ahmed A. , Khayyat Khalid M. Jamil 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe proper allocation of facilities within Islamic holy places is barely studied. These places annually witness millions of pilgrims and guests. The number of people during pilgrimage has been growing recently and is expected to grow further in the future. Different facilities should be optimally allocated to properly serve this large number of people and efficiently respond to their requests. In this paper, we target the problem of optimally allocating facilities within the largest Islamic holy place, Arafat. We evaluate the current allocation with respect to distance, coverage, and cover inequality metrics. Average‐case and worst‐case values of the three metrics are considered for evaluation. Results show that the current allocation strategy is far from being optimal. For the three considered metrics, we use crowdedness‐based techniques to allocate facilities within the area of Arafat. Optimal allocations are first obtained by solving integer programming (IP) models. Thereafter, two widely used metaheuristics, genetic algorithms (GA) and simulated annealing, are experimented and evaluated. Results show that the optimal solution could be easily obtained for coverage and cover inequality metrics. For the distance metric, the computation time of the IP technique is large and GA appears as a good candidate to balance between computation time and solution quality. Finally, we study allocating facilities from a multiobjective perspective. Both scalar‐weighted formulation and nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II techniques are considered. Results show that the latter technique outperforms the former technique in the number of generated Pareto‐optimal allocations as well as the quality of these allocations.
Effect of irradiation on the atomic structure of borosilicate glasses
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Jan Amreen , Bauchy Mathieu , Krishnan N. M. Anoop 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBorosilicate glasses incorporating high‐level nuclear waste are exposed to high‐energy radiations during their storage in the deep geological repositories. However, the effect of radiation on the atomic structure of borosilicate glasses remains poorly understood. Herein, using molecular dynamics simulations, we study the irradiation‐induced structural changes of a series of calcium‐sodium borosilicate glasses with varying Si/B molar ratios—ranging from pure silicate to pure borate glasses. We observe that irradiation leads to an increase in disorder, both in the short‐ and medium‐range, as evidenced by the enthalpy, coordination number, and ring distribution. In particular, the impact of the change in the atomic structure (due to radiation) on the glass volume is investigated. Interestingly, we observe a composition‐dependent transition in the volumetric response of borosilicate glasses under irradiation—wherein borate‐rich compositions tend to swell, whereas silica‐rich glasses tend to densify. Through a detailed analysis of the structure, we demonstrate two competing mechanisms contributing to the volume change, i.e., a decrease in the coordination number of boron atoms and a reduction in the average silicon inter‐polytope angle. We also show that the increase in the disorder in the medium‐range order may play a major role in governing the volumetric changes in the irradiated structure in a non‐trivial fashion. Altogether, the present study highlights that irradiation has a non‐trivial effect on borosilicate glasses, which, in turn, could impact their corrosion kinetics.
Association between pubertal development and elevated blood pressure in children
Authors: Li Yanhui , Dong Yanhui , Zou Zhiyong , Gao Di , Wang Xijie , Yang Zhaogeng , Dong Bin , Ma Jun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBlood pressure (BP) increased with age and height development, but little was known about the effect of pubertal development on blood pressure in children. A cross‐sectional study was performed among 4146 children aged 7–12 years old in China. Pubertal development was assessed based on breast stages and testicular volume. The associations of pubertal development with BP levels and the rate of elevated blood pressure (EBP) were quantified using multiple linear and logistic regressions. We found that pubertal developmental level was positively correlated with BP, and children who experienced puberty onset and early pubertal timing had higher BP levels and prevalence of EBP. After adjusting for covariates, children experienced puberty onset had 3.84 and 2.24 mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, and 70%, 53%, and 62% increased odds of EBP, ESBP, and EDBP, respectively, compared with those without puberty onset. Similar results were observed for children who had early pubertal timing. The change of BP in puberty is greater and the association between pubertal development and BP is stronger in girls than boys. These findings suggested that pubertal development could be an important independent factor and one critical period for the EBP progress. Monitoring and management of pubertal development are necessary particularly among girls.
HDACi protects against vascular cognitive impairment from CCH injury via induction of BDNF‐related AMPA receptor activation
Authors: Fang Yao‐Ching , Hsieh Jia‐Yu , Vidyanti Amelia Nur , Yang Chih‐Hao , Jan Jing‐Shiun , Chang Kang‐Wei , Hu Chaur‐Jong , Tu Yong‐Kwang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe previously showed a hydroxamic acid‐based histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), compound 13, provides neuroprotection against chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) both in vitro under oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD) conditions and in vivo under bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) conditions. Intriguingly, the protective effect of this HDACi is via H3K14 or H4K5 acetylation–mediated differential BDNF isoform activation. BDNF is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation in development, synaptic plasticity and in learning and memory related with receptors or synaptic proteins. B6 mice underwent BCCAO and were randomized into 4 groups; a sham without BCCAO (sham), BCCAO mice injected with DMSO (DMSO), mice injected with HDACi‐compound 13 (compound 13) and mice injected with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA). The cortex and hippocampus of mice were harvested at 3 months after BCCAO, and levels of BDNF, AMPA receptor and dopamine receptors (D1, D2 and D3) were studied using Western blotting analysis or immunohistochemistry. We found that the AMPA receptor plays a key role in the molecular mechanism of this process by modulating HDAC. This protective effect of HDACi may be through BDNF; therefore, activation of this downstream signalling molecule, for example by AMPA receptors, could be a therapeutic target or intervention applied under CCH conditions.
Spousal concordance in frailty predicting mental and functional health decline: A four‐year follow‐up study of older couples in urban and rural China
Authors: Zhao Xinyi , Li Danyu , Zhang Quan , Liu Huiying 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo examine the joint effects of self and spousal frailty status on functional and mental health in Chinese older adults and determine whether such effects vary by urban versus rural residency.BackgroundFrailty is a clinical syndrome among old adults and would lead to adverse outcomes. However, studies on the interactive patterns of frailty status between spouses and the joint effects of such patterns on health outcomes are scarce.DesignData were from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). A total of 2,581 married seniors who participated both 2011 and 2015 waves of the CHARLS were categorised into four groups: robust self–robust spouse (RR), robust self–frail spouse (RF), frail self–robust spouse (FR) and frail self–frail spouse (FF).MethodsFrailty was measured using the physical frailty phenotype scale. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD). Functional health was measured by difficulties in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). The generalised estimating equation was used to estimate the effects of concordant frailty on mental and functional outcomes, stratified by rural/urban residency. This study followed the STROBE checklist.ResultsThe FF group reported higher levels of ADL/IADL difficulties and depressive symptoms at follow‐up than the RR group; urban individuals in the RF group reported higher follow‐up depression than the RR group; and rural individuals from the FR or RF groups reported more follow‐up ADL/IADL difficulties than the RR group.ConclusionFrailty and subsequent health decline are interdependent in older couples, and the rural/urban context is important for understanding this interdependence in the older Chinese population.Relevance to clinical practiceCouples‐based intervention strategies are needed to tackle situations in which one or both spouses are concurrently facing frailty.
The relation between psychological distress and medication adherence in lung transplant candidates and recipients: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wessels‐Bakker Marion J. , van de Graaf Eduard A. , Kwakkel‐van Erp Johanna M. , Heijerman Harry G. , Cahn Wiepke , Schappin Renske 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore the prevalence of psychological distress such as anxiety, depression and post‐traumatic stress disorder and its associations with medication adherence in lung transplant patients.BackgroundPsychological distress after lung transplantation may impact clinical outcomes by associated behaviours such as non‐adherence to medication. Evidence about the relation between psychological distress and medication adherence in lung transplant patients is limited and not well explained.Design and methodsWe conducted a single‐centre study with a cross‐sectional design in 73 lung transplant candidates and 116 recipients. Questionnaires were the Brief Symptom Inventory, Impact of Event Scale and Basel Assessment of Adherence to Immunosuppressive Medications Scale. The STROBE checklist was monitored.ResultsIn candidates, 39.7% reported (sub)clinical symptoms of depression, in recipients this was 21.6%. We observed suicidal ideation in recipients (8.6%), and candidates (5.5%). The prevalence of (sub)clinical symptoms of anxiety was 38.3% in candidates and 33.7% in recipients. After lung transplantation, 12% of the recipients reported clinical symptoms of PTSD related to the transplantation. Symptoms of anxiety and medication adherence were significantly and positively related in transplant recipients. We found no association between depressive or post‐traumatic stress symptoms, and medication adherence.ConclusionsIn lung transplant patients, we found a high prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety. Recipients had high levels of post‐traumatic stress symptoms related to the transplantation. The prevalence of suicidal ideation was unexpectedly high in recipients. After lung transplantation, higher levels of anxiety were related to better medication adherence. We propose that LTX recipients are very anxious to develop dyspnoea and therefore take their medication more conscientiously.Relevance to clinical practiceThe clinical nurse specialist can play a key role in identifying and addressing psychological and behavioural problems. More prospective research on the role of anxiety and dyspnoea in lung transplant recipients is recommended.
Predictors of phylogeographic structure among codistributed taxa across the complex Australian monsoonal tropics
Authors: Fenker Jessica , Tedeschi Leonardo G. , Melville Jane , Moritz Craig 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDifferences in the geographic scale and depth of phylogeographic structure across codistributed taxa can reveal how microevolutionary processes such as population isolation and persistence drive diversification. In turn, environmental heterogeneity, species’ traits, and historical biogeographic barriers may influence the potential for isolation and persistence. Using extensive SNP data and a combination of population genetic summary statistics and landscape genomic analyses, we explored predictors of the scale and depth of phylogeographic structure in codistributed lizard taxa from the topographically and climatically complex monsoonal tropics (AMT) of Australia. We first resolved intraspecific lineages and then tested whether genetic divergence across space within lineages is related to isolation by distance, resistance and/or environment and whether these factors differ across genera or between rock‐related versus habitat generalist taxa. We then tested whether microevolutionary processes within lineages explain differences in the geographic scale and depth of intraspecific phylogeographic lineages. The results indicated that landscape predictors of phylogeographic structure differ between taxa. Within lineages, there was prevalent isolation by distance, but the strength of isolation by distance is independent of the taxonomic family, habitat specialization, and climate. Isolation by environment is the strongest predictor of landscape‐scale genetic divergence for all taxa, with both temperature and precipitation acting as limiting factors. The strength of isolation by distance does not predict the geographic scale of the phylogeographic structure. However, more localized lineages had higher mean individual heterozygosity and less negative Tajima's D. This result implies that finer‐scale phylogeographic structuring within species is associated with larger and more stable populations and, hence, persistence.