bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inadequate preparedness for response to COVID-19 is associated with stress and burnout among healthcare workers in Ghana
Authors: Afulani Patience A. , Gyamerah Akua O. , Nutor Jerry J. , Laar Amos , Aborigo Raymond A. , Malechi Hawa , Sterling Mona , Awoonor-Williams John K. 
Published: April 2021

Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic has compounded the global crisis of stress and burnout among healthcare workers. But few studies have empirically examined the factors driving these outcomes in Africa. Our study examined associations between perceived preparedness to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic and healthcare worker stress and burnout and identified potential mediating factors among healthcare workers in Ghana.

Methods
Healthcare workers in Ghana completed a cross-sectional self-administered online survey from April to May 2020; 414 and 409 completed stress and burnout questions, respectively. Perceived preparedness, stress, and burnout were measured using validated psychosocial scales. We assessed associations using linear regressions with robust standard errors.

Results
The average score for preparedness was 24 (SD = 8.8), 16.3 (SD = 5.9) for stress, and 37.4 (SD = 15.5) for burnout. In multivariate analysis, healthcare workers who felt somewhat prepared and prepared had lower stress (β = -1.89, 95% CI: -3.49 to -0.30 and β = -2.66, 95% CI: -4.48 to -0.84) and burnout (β = -7.74, 95% CI: -11.8 to -3.64 and β = -9.25, 95% CI: -14.1 to –4.41) scores than those who did not feel prepared. Appreciation from management and family support were associated with lower stress and burnout, while fear of infection was associated with higher stress and burnout. Fear of infection partially mediated the relationship between perceived preparedness and stress/burnout, accounting for about 16 to 17% of the effect.

Conclusions
Low perceived preparedness to respond to COVID-19 increases stress and burnout, and this is partly through fear of infection. Interventions, incentives, and health systemic changes to increase healthcare workers’ morale and capacity to respond to the pandemic are needed.
Unmet need for family planning and associated factors among married women attending anti-retroviral treatment clinics in Dire Dawa City, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Dejene Hiwot , Abera Muluemebet , Tadele Afework 
Published: April 2021

Background
Unmet need for family planning is a measure of the gap between women’s contraceptive behavior and their fertility desires. It should be measured among different population groups to effectively implement public health interventions. Thus, this study aimed to determine the magnitude of unmet need for family planning and associated factors among HIV- positive women in Dire Dawa city Anti-retroviral treatment (ART) clinics, Eastern Ethiopia.

Methods
We carried out a facility-based cross-sectional study (March-June 2020) among 409 married women aged 15–49 on ART, using systematic random sampling. A face-to-face interview was done using a structured questionnaire. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was done to identify factors associated with unmet need for family planning.

Results
Overall, 33% [95% confidence interval (CI): 28.9–37.9] of the respondents had unmet need for family planning. Woman’s residing in a rural area (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.41 [95% CI: 1.24–4.67]), woman’s not attained formal education (AOR: 4.14 [95% CI: 1.73–9.93]) and attaining primary education (AOR: 2.97 [95% CI: 1.54–5.74]), poor knowledge (AOR: 2.87 [95% CI: 1.52–5.40]), and unfavorable attitude towards family planning (AOR: 2.21 [95% CI: 1.12–4.34]), clients not satisfied with family planning service (AOR: 6.34 [95% CI: 3.31–12.15]), the woman not having decision making power on family planning (AOR:3.97 [95% CI: 2.14–7.38]) and not getting family planning counseling in ART clinics (AOR: 2.87 [95% CI: 1.54–5.35]) were positively associated with having unmet need for family planning.

Conclusion
This study indicates there a high unmet need for family planning among married HIV-positive women. Factors like a place of residence, educational status of women, knowledge and attitude towards family planning, client satisfaction with FP service, women decision-making power, and FP counseling service in ART. Therefore, we recommend that the concerned bodies should collaborate with ART clinics to design interventions that enhance access to family planning programs to combat the high unmet need for family planning among HIV-positive women.
A dose-dependent beneficial effect of methotrexate on the risk of interstitial lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Kur-Zalewska Joanna , Kisiel Bartłomiej , Kania-Pudło Marta , Tłustochowicz Małgorzata , Chciałowski Andrzej , Tłustochowicz Witold 
Published: April 2021

Objectives
The aim of the study was to assess the influence of different factors, including treatment, on the risk of ILD in the course of RA.

Methods
A total of 109 RA patients were included in the analysis. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of chest was obtained in each patient. Patients were classified as having ILD (ILD group) or not (N-ILD group). The ILD was graded using the semi-quantitative Warrick scale of fibrosis. Warrick extent score (WES) and Warrick severity score (WSS) were calculated separately for each patient, then combined to obtain a global score (WGS).

Results
In univariate analysis the presence of ILD was associated positively with age (P = 5x10-6) and negatively with MTX treatment (P = 0.0013), mean MTX dose per year of treatment (P = 0.003) and number of DMARDs used (P = 0.046). On multivariate analysis only age and treatment with MTX were independently associated with the presence of ILD. WGS was significantly lower in patients treated with MTX in a dose of ≥15 mg/week (MTX≥15 group) as compared to patients treated with lower doses of MTX (0<MTX<15 group) or not treated with MTX (N-MTX group) (P = 0.04 and P = 0.037, respectively). The ILD prevalence was higher in N-MTX group than in 0<MTX<15 group (P = 0.0036) and MTX≥15 group (0.0007). The difference in ILD prevalence between MTX≥15 and 0<MTX<15 groups was not significant, but the latter group had higher WES (P = 0.044) and trended to have higher WSS and WGS.

Consclusions
We found a beneficial effect of MTX on RA-ILD. Importantly, this effect seems to be dose dependent.
Institutional injustice: Implications for system transformation emerging from the mental health recovery narratives of people experiencing marginalisation
Authors: Hui Ada , Rennick-Egglestone Stefan , Franklin Donna , Walcott Rianna , Llewellyn-Beardsley Joy , Ng Fiona , Roe James , Yeo Caroline , Deakin Emilia , Brydges Sarah , Penas Moran Patricia , McGranahan Rose , Pollock Kristian , Thornicroft Graham , Slade Mike 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundInstitutional injustice refers to structures that create disparities in resources, opportunities and representation. Marginalised people experience institutional injustice, inequalities and discrimination through intersecting personal characteristics and social circumstances. This study aimed to investigate sources of institutional injustice and their effects on marginalised people with experience of mental health problems.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with 77 individuals from marginalised groups with experience of mental health problems, including psychosis, Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) populations, complex needs and lived experience as a work requirement. These were analysed inductively enabling sensitising concepts to emerge.FindingsThree processes of institutional injustice were identified: not being believed because of social status and personal backgrounds; not being heard where narratives did not align with dominant discourses, and not being acknowledged where aspects of identity were disregarded. Harmful outcomes included disengagement from formal institutions through fear and mistrust, tensions and reduced affiliation with informal institutions when trying to consolidate new ways of being, and damaging impacts on mental health and wellbeing through multiple oppression.ConclusionsInstitutional injustice perpetuates health inequalities and marginalised status. Master status, arising from dominant discourses and heuristic bias, overshadow the narratives and experiences of marginalised people. Cultural competency has the potential to improve heuristic availability through social understandings of narrative and experience, whilst coproduction and narrative development through approaches such as communities of practice might offer meaningful avenues for authentic expression.
Le Soi au pluriel
Authors: Rohde Eric 
Published: April 2021

Eric Rohde propose dans cette contribution une réflexion portant sur l’intersubjectivité, entendue comme le lieu du commun dans la communauté et comme accès à l’autre, puisque la rencontre entre les membres de la communauté se produit dans le monde. La thèse henryenne est ici aussi présentée en contraste avec les thèses de Heidegger et de Husserl, pour montrer que la compréhension de l’autre ego à partir de l’ego engage aussitôt la nécessité de recourir « à l’un ou à l’autre des motifs – analogie, extériorité, représentation – qui trahissent, à ses yeux, le défaut congénital de la tradition phénoménologique qui distingue l’apparaître et l’apparaissant ». Mais l’intérêt majeur de cette analyse est qu’elle transporte la thématique vers la question du temps, pour penser la mise à jour de la phénoménalisation propre à la communauté, avec la critique de l’intentionnalité que l’on sait et selon les modalités spécifiques au soi et à la communauté.
Point-Of-Care clinical evaluation of the Clungene® SARS-CoV-2 virus IgG/IgM 15-minute rapid test cassette with the Cobas® Roche RT-PCR platform in patients with or without Covid-19
Authors: Haddad Fadi , Lamb Christopher C. , Kullar Ravina , Sakoulas George 
Published: April 2021

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) remains a pandemic with multiple challenges to confirm patient infectivity: lack of sufficient tests, accurate results, validated quality, and timeliness of results. We hypothesize that a rapid 15-minute Point-Of-Care serological test to evaluate past infection complements diagnostic testing for Covid-19 and significantly enhances testing availability. Method: A three arm observational study at Sharp Healthcare, San Diego, California was conducted using the Clungene® lateral flow immunoassay (LFI) and compared with the Cobas® Roche real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results. Arm 1: Thirty-five (35) subjects with confirmed Covid-19 using RT-PCR were tested twice: prior to 14 days following symptom onset and once between 12 and 70 days. Arm 2: Thirty (30) subjects with confirmed Covid-19 using RT-PCR were tested 12-70 days post symptom onset. Arm 3: Thirty (30) subjects with a negative RT-PCR for Covid-19 were tested 1–10 days following the RT-PCR test date. Results: Specificity of confirmed negative Covid-19 by RT-PCR was 100% (95% CI, 88.4%–100.0%); meaning there was 100% negative positive agreement between the RT-PCR and the Clungene® serological test results. Covid-19 subjects tested prior to day 7 of symptom onset were antibody negative. In subjects 7–12 days following symptom onset with a confirmed positive Covid-19 by RT-PCR, the combined sensitivity of IgM and IgG was 58.6% (95% CI, 38.9%–76.5%). In subjects 13–70 days following symptom onset with a confirmed positive Covid-19 by RT-PCR, the combined sensitivity of IgM and IgG was 90.5% (95% CI, 80.4%–96.4%). Conclusion: The Clungene® lateral flow immunoassay (LFI) is a useful tool to confirm individuals with an adaptive immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) indicating past infection. Providing Point-Of-Care results within 15 minutes without any laboratory instrumentation or specialized software has an added value of increasing test availability to patients who have been symptomatic for more than 1 week to confirm past infection. Performance characteristics are optimal after 13 days with a sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 100%, respectively. Statement of novelty: Formal controlled clinical studies of Covid-19 antibody tests have been limited. This study demonstrates the utility of the 15 minute rapid Clungene® test and the potential for expanded use where Covid-19 RT-PCR testing and vaccination is limited.
Political Rhetoric in the Hán Fēizǐ 韓非子
Authors: Indraccolo Lisa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Persuasion is one of the main rhetorical techniques employed in debates by early Chinese “wandering persuaders,” as it is attested by several examples preserved in Classical Chinese pre-imperial and early imperial politico-philosophical literature. The present article contributes to the study of persuasion by providing a detailed structural analysis of one of the most famous texts that openly deals with this technique, Chapter 12 ‘Shuìnán’ 說難 (The Difficulties of Persuasion) of the composite “Masters text” Hán Fēizǐ 韓非子. Through such analysis, the article discloses the complex, multi-layered underlying rhetorical structure of the text, and the thick network of conceptual cross-references that are established among its different sections through the ingenious distribution of different kinds of text-structuring elements. As the present case study will show, this type of analysis is an invaluable hermeneutic tool that provides a substantial contribution to a better and fuller understanding of Classical Chinese texts.
Explicit and hidden zoological categories in early Chinese taxonomies
Authors: Valenti Federico 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The present article investigates the problems of zoological taxonomical categories in texts that range from the Warring States (ca. 453–221 BCE) to the Eastern Han periods (25–220 CE). It focuses its attention on the Erya (attested 3rd c. BCE), a work that had a pivotal role during the development of Chinese lexicography. This terse glossary is probably one of the first texts that deal with the problem of taxonomical classification in early China through the use of syntactical devices that I call “categorical markers”, i.e. normalised characters that introduce an ontologically independent category of entities. By dint of the analysis of selected case studies, it will be shown that along fairly well attested “categorical markers” that constitute dichotomous systems (such as shou 獸 “quadruped furred creatures” versus niao 鳥 “bipedal winged creatures”), early Chinese taxonomies reveal less explicit linguistic devices that are implied in zoological classification, e.g. the presence of “sub-categorical markers” as noun modifiers (chou 醜 “being physically similar” or shu 屬 “to belong to a category”) used in order to create embedded taxonomies within the standard “categorical markers”. This complexity reveals an organised taxonomical system that helps us to better define the early Chinese conception of the natural world.
Two keys to Pyongyang’s past and future – moral center and Korean War
Authors: Jung Mee Kyung 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Pyongyang has been described as a center of evil that threatens the world with nuclear weapons. The city is perceived as both aggressive and controlled. This study explains those particularities of Pyongyang utilizing Wagner, Rudolf (2000) (“The moral center and the engine of change. A tale of two Chinese cities”. In: Peking Shanghai Shenzhen. Städte des 21. Jahrhunderts. Beijing Shanghai Shenzhen. Cities of the 21st Century. Vöckler, K and Luckow, D (eds.). Frankfurt: Campus Verlag, Edition Bauhaus, vol. 7, 452–459) theory of the Northeast Asian city as a moral center under the ongoing Korean War (although a ceasefire has been called, the war has not officially ended). This study starts by drawing similarities between Pyongyang and Hanyang, the capital of the Joseon Dynasty, which was established as a moral center according to the Rites of the Zhou Dynasty. I also look at the influence that the Korean War had on Pyongyang and find that Pyongyang was constructed to express the North Koreans socialist Juche ideology (self-reliance, subjecthood), while Hanyang expressed Confucian ideology. Pyongyang is more than just a moral center; it is “the Holy Land of Revolution” according to the “Administration Act of the Capital City Pyongyang”, where the war still takes place to defend the Juche Ideology and its supreme leader. The Korean War justifies the control in North Korea. The country utilizes the five-family control system inherited from the Joseon Dynasty. Its origin is legalism during the Warring States period (770−221 BC) in China. Control in Pyongyang has been strengthened because of the need for military operations in the unfinished Korean War, compared to Hanyang. Having relaxed political tensions in 2019, North Korea offers a vision for the future of Pyongyang as a “socialist fairyland” (seongyeong 仙境), which is related to Korea’s own Taoism (sinseon sasang 神仙思想). Developing Pyongyang with the Juche ideology from a Confucian tradition in the war, the city now reveals a unique means of cultural entanglement.
Marco Polo: From Hangzhou to Quanzhou
Authors: Haw Stephen G. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
When Marco Polo left China, he passed through Hangzhou (Quinsai) and then travelled approximately southwestwards into what is today Fujian province, to the cities of Fuzhou and Quanzhou (Zaiton). There are still a number of disagreements regarding his route, however, which are discussed here. Consideration is also given to Marco’s use of “Facfur” to designate the last Emperor of the Song dynasty, and more generally to the issue of the use of Persian language in Yuan China. It is suggested that there is no clear evidence that Marco Polo learned Persian. An error regarding consumption of pepper in China during the thirteenth century is corrected. More evidence of the importation of very substantial quantities of pepper into China during the Song and Yuan periods is adduced. Identifications of all the places which Marco mentions in this section of his book are suggested, with the support of evidence.
Comparison between voltammetric detection methods for abalone-flavoring liquid
Authors: Lv Yan , Zhang Xu , Zhang Peng , Wang Huihui , Ma Qinyi , Tao Xueheng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article attempts to determine the most accurate classification method for different abalone-flavoring liquids. Three common voltammetric detection methods, namely, linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and square-wave voltammetry (SWV), were considered. To compare their classification accuracies of abalone-flavoring liquids, three methods were separately adopted to classify five different abalone-flavoring liquids, using a four-electrode (Au, Pt, Pd, and W) sensor array. Then the data acquired by each method were subject to the principal component analysis (PCA): the first three principal components whose eigenvalues were greater than 1 were extracted from each set of data; the cumulative variance contribution rate and the principal component scores of each method were obtained. The PCA results show that the first three principal components obtained by the CV had the highest cumulative variance contribution rate (91.307%), indicating that the CV can more comprehensively characterize the information of abalone-flavoring liquid samples than the other two methods. According to the principal component scores, compared with those of LSV and SWV, the same kind of samples detected by the CV were highly clustered and the different kinds of samples detected by the CV were greatly dispersed. This indicates that the CV can effectively distinguish between the five abalone-flavoring liquids. Finally, the detection data were further verified through probabilistic neural network and a support vector machine algorithm optimized by genetic algorithm. The results further confirm that the CV is more accurate than the other two methods in the classification of abalone-flavoring liquids. Therefore, the CV was recommended for the classification of abalone-flavoring liquids.
Improved generalized periods estimates over curves on Riemannian surfaces with nonpositive curvature
Authors: Wyman Emmett L. , Xi Yakun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We show that, on compact Riemannian surfaces of nonpositive curvature, the generalized periods, i.e. the 𝜈-th order Fourier coefficients of eigenfunctions

e
λ

e_{\lambda}

over a closed smooth curve 𝛾 which satisfies a natural curvature condition, go to 0 at the rate of

O
⁢

(

(

log
⁡
λ

)

-

1
2

)

O((\log\lambda)^{-\frac{1}{2}})

in the high energy limit

λ
→
∞

\lambda\to\infty

if

0
<

|
ν
|

λ

<

1
-
δ

0<\frac{\lvert\nu\rvert}{\lambda}<1-\delta

for any fixed

0
<
δ
<
1

0<\delta<1

.
Our result implies, for instance, that the generalized periods over geodesic circles on any surfaces with nonpositive curvature would converge to zero at the rate of

O
⁢

(

(

log
⁡
λ

)

-

1
2

)

O((\log\lambda)^{-\frac{1}{2}})

.
An investigation of synchronization robustness considering randomness and asymmetries
Authors: Carvalho Phablo R. , Savi Marcelo A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Synchronization phenomena are related to several natural systems defining patterns of interactions. This paper deals with a synchronization robustness investigation evaluating pattern formation on a network of pendulum-chart oscillators receiving energy from a base excitation. Random aspects are investigated establishing the sensitivity to parameter changes and initial conditions. System asymmetries are analysed allowing the investigation of different kinds of dynamical patterns. Results show that asynchronous regions can change due to random effects. The asynchronous region reduces with the dissipation increase and the chimera state can occur under parametric asymmetry. Energetic argues are employed to explain the pattern robustness with respect to randomness and asymmetries.
Conditional stability for an inverse coefficient problem of a weakly coupled time-fractional diffusion system with half order by Carleman estimate
Authors: Ren Caixuan , Huang Xinchi , Yamamoto Masahiro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Under a priori boundedness conditions of solutions and coefficients, we prove
a Hölder stability estimate for an inverse problem of
determining two spatially varying zeroth order non-diagonal elements of a coefficient matrix
in a one-dimensional fractional diffusion system of
half order in time.
The proof relies on the conversion of the fractional diffusion
system to a system of order 4
in the space variable and the Carleman estimate.
Detection of velocity and attenuation inclusions in the medical ultrasound tomography
Authors: Filatova Victoria , Pestov Leonid , Poddubskaya Alina 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The paper is devoted to numerical research of the medical ultrasound tomography problem. This problem consists in finding small inclusions in the breast tissue by boundary measurements of the acoustic waves generated by sources located on the boundary. For medical diagnostic, it is important to recover the image of the acoustical medium and to determine the values of velocity, attenuation and density. In the paper, we describe a numerical experiment of visualization of several inclusions using the energy version of the reverse time migration (RTM). Certainly, the RTM image does not separate velocity and attenuation inclusions. However, kinematic and amplitude analysis gives a possibility to estimate values of the velocity and attenuation. As a result, we split the RTM image into two ones. Note that in this paper we consider the scalar value of sound velocity.