bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Space‐for‐time is not necessarily a substitution when monitoring the distribution of pelagic fishes in the San Francisco Bay‐Delta
Authors: Duarte Adam , Peterson James T. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOccupancy models are often used to analyze long‐term monitoring data to better understand how and why species redistribute across dynamic landscapes while accounting for incomplete capture. However, this approach requires replicate detection/non‐detection data at a sample unit and many long‐term monitoring programs lack temporal replicate surveys. In such cases, it has been suggested that surveying subunits within a larger sample unit may be an efficient substitution (i.e., space‐for‐time substitution). Still, the efficacy of fitting occupancy models using a space‐for‐time substitution has not been fully explored and is likely context dependent. Herein, we fit occupancy models to Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) and Longfin Smelt (Spirinchus thaleichthys) catch data collected by two different monitoring programs that use the same sampling gear in the San Francisco Bay‐Delta, USA. We demonstrate how our inferences concerning the distribution of these species changes when using a space‐for‐time substitution. Specifically, we found the probability that a sample unit was occupied was much greater when using a space‐for‐time substitution, presumably due to the change in the spatial scale of our inferences. Furthermore, we observed that as the spatial scale of our inferences increased, our ability to detect environmental effects on system dynamics was obscured, which we suspect is related to the tradeoffs associated with spatial grain and extent. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of considering how the unique characteristics of monitoring programs influences inferences, which has broad implications for how to appropriately leverage existing long‐term monitoring data to understand the distribution of species.
Evaluating the accuracy and biological meaning of visits to RFID‐enabled bird feeders using video
Authors: Hughes Eric J. , Mady Rachael P. , Bonter David N. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRadio‐frequency identification (RFID) technology has gained popularity in ornithological studies as a way to collect large quantities of data to answer specific biological questions, but few published studies report methodologies used for validating the accuracy of RFID data. Further, connections between the RFID data and the behaviors of interest in a study are not always clearly established. These methodological deficiencies may seriously impact a study's results and subsequent interpretation. We built RFID‐equipped bird feeders and mounted them at three sites in Tompkins County, New York. We deployed passive integrated transponder tags on black‐capped chickadees, tufted titmice, and white‐breasted nuthatches and used a GoPro video camera to record the three tagged species at the feeders. We then reviewed the video to determine the accuracy of the RFID reader and understand the birds’ behavior at the feeders. We found that our RFID system recorded only 34.2% of all visits by tagged birds (n = 237) and that RFID detection increased with the length of a visit. We also found that our three tagged species and two other species that visited the feeders, American goldfinch and hairy woodpecker, retrieved food in 79.5% of their visits. Chickadees, titmice, nuthatches, and woodpeckers spent, on average, 2.3 s at feeders to collect one seed per visit. In contrast, goldfinches spent an average of 9.0 s at feeders and consumed up to 30 seeds per visit. Our results demonstrate the importance of confirming detection accuracy and that video can be used to identify behavioral characteristics associated with an RFID reader's detections. This simple—yet time‐intensive—method for assessing the accuracy and biological meaning of RFID data is useful for ornithological studies but can be used in research focusing on various taxa and study systems.
Do sediments of ephemeral and perennial streams show different impacts on water quality when subjected to the same drying conditions?
Authors: Perera Manimeldura D. D. , Gomes Pattiyage I. A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEmpirical evidence was studied to investigate whether ephemeral stream sediments have redeeming biological and physical attributes with respect to water quality, via a laboratory mesocosm study simulating stagnant pooled conditions in ephemeral and perennial streams. In addition to stream type, the effect of sediment quantity variation (sediment to water ratio) was also studied. From the water quality parameters tested (electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrogen species and phosphate), only electrical conductivity showed a significant difference between the two stream types irrespective of sediment to water ratio. However, the temporal water quality of a given stream type changed with sediment quantity in the mesocosm. Re‐flooding of mesocosms after complete drying did not result in blackwater conditions, but a similar spike in nutrient concentration was observed in both stream types. The absence of blackwater was attributed to the lack of addition of new organic matter and litter, as well as the saturation of dissolved oxygen in mesocosms, therefore, indicating that aeration and litter control could be used as mitigation methods for blackwater events. It was evident that water quality variations in ephemeral streams are purely based on the flow regime (hydrological flow conditions) and organic loading. No evidence was found for any unique biological and physical properties of ephemeral sediment that redeem water quality.
Performance enhancement of a split air conditioner using porous material inside the evaporator pipes
Authors: Tarawneh Mohammad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this experimental study, a porous material is used inside the pipes of the evaporator as the main heat exchanging device in the air conditioning cycle. The used porous material consists of stainless steel balls of different diameters. As a case study, refrigerant R454B, which is a drop‐in replacement to refrigerant R410A, is used as a working fluid in the air conditioner thermodynamic cycle. Four different porosities were used during the experimental tests; 100% (empty tube), 46%, 40%, and 33%. This study investigated the influence of variation of porosity as well as outside air temperature and refrigerant evaporation temperature on the cycle coefficient of performance, evaporation capacity, pressure drop, and power consumption during the compression process. Measured evaporation temperatures and indoor temperatures during tests were in the range of 1.5–12°C and 18–25°C, respectively. The use of porous material in the evaporation heat exchanger resulted in a considerable increase in the cycle evaporation capacity and coefficient of performance. Varying porosity from 100% to 33% resulted in an average percent increase of cycle evaporation capacity and coefficient of performance by 48.8% and 84.3%, respectively. Also, decreasing porosity from 100% to 33% resulted in an average percent increase in power consumption during the compression process by about 27%. An average percent increase of power consumption of compressor by about 25.9% is also reported, when evaporation temperature increased from 1.5°C to 12°C. Increasing outside air temperature from 27.1°C to 39.5°C resulted in decreasing evaporation capacity and coefficient of performance by 35.2% and 34.5%, respectively, and in increasing compressor power consumption by about 14.3%. A considerable pressure drop was recorded during the evaporation process when using porous material. The volumetric evaporation capacity, as well as compressor discharge temperature, are increased by increasing evaporating temperature and by decreasing evaporator porosity. The increase in air ambient temperature resulted in a considerable increase in refrigerant mass flow rate.
Factors affecting the capital structure of listed Chinese media companies
Authors: Zhu Danhong , Qiu Zitong , Wang Junwei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe development of the capital market in China and the growing number of media companies have determined the expansion of ways to finance them: the growth of the financial market is due to the provision of services for the cultural industry, and companies in this sphere need to use the capabilities of the financial market to obtain funds. The use of multiple linear regression for empirical analysis has shown that the following factors demonstrate a significant positive correlation: non‐debt tax shield, growth and ratio of assets to liabilities; company size, growth and long‐term liabilities ratio; company size, volatility and current liabilities ratio. The results of the study are of statistical significance, they are recommended for use in future empirical studies by scientists, for representatives of government bodies in the field of culture and media in China that develop measures to optimize financing of this sector.
Construction of an m6A‐related lncRNA pair prognostic signature and prediction of the immune landscape in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Chongchang , Wang Shumin , Shen Zhisen , Shen Yiming , Li Qun , Shen Yi , Huang Juntao , Deng Hongxia , Ye Dong , Zhan Guowen , Li Jinyun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundMounting evidence indicates that aberrantly expressed N6‐methylandenosine (m6A) modification regulators and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) influence the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the prognosis of m6A‐related lncRNA (mrlncRNA) in HNSCC has not yet been evaluated.MethodsWe retrieved transcriptome, somatic mutation, and clinical information from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and established a differently expressed mrlncRNA (DEmrlncRNA) pair signature based on least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression and multivariate Cox analyses. Each sample's risk score was computed premised on the signature, which accurately classified patients into low‐ and high‐risk group by the cut‐off point. The signature was evaluated from the perspective of survival, clinicopathological characteristics, tumor mutation burden (TMB), immune cell infiltration, efficacy of chemotherapeutics, tumor immune microenvironment, and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)‐related genes.Results11 DEmrlncRNA pairs were identified and were used to construct the prediction signature. Kaplan–Meier plotter revealed a worse prognosis in high‐risk patients over low‐risk patients (log rank p < 0.001). According to multivariate Cox regression analysis, the hazard ratio of the risk score and 95% confidence interval of 1.722 and (1.488–1.992) (p < 0.001) were obtained. Furthermore, an increased risk score was associated with aggressive clinicopathological features, specific tumor immune infiltration status, increased expression of ICI‐related genes, higher TMB, and higher chemotherapeutics sensitivity (all p < 0.05).ConclusionThis research demonstrated that the signature premised on DEmrlncRNA pairs was an efficient independent prognostic indicator and may provide a rationale for research on immunotherapeutic and chemotherapeutics strategies for HNSCC patients.
Autoinducer‐2‐mediated quorum‐sensing system resists T4 phage infection in Escherichia coli
Authors: Ding Yafang , Zhang Dongfang , Zhao Xiaoman , Tan Wenzhang , Zheng Xiaodan , Zhang Qi , Ji Xiuling , Wei Yunlin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn response to the restriction of nutrients and predation by natural enemies, bacteria have evolved complex coping strategies to ensure the reproduction and survival of individual species. Quorum sensing (QS) is involved in the bacterial response to phage predation and regulation of cellular metabolism. However, to date, no clear evidence exists regarding the involvement of autoinducer‐2 (AI‐2)‐mediated QS systems in Escherichia coli in response to the challenges of nutrient restriction and phage infection. In this study, the role of the AI‐2‐mediated QS system in resisting T4 phage infection and regulating cell mechanisms in E. coli was revealed for the first time. This effect of the AI‐2‐mediated QS was achieved by simultaneously downregulating the T4 absorption site and carbon and glucose metabolism. Additionally, we found that lsrB, a metabolic brake, participates in AI‐2‐mediated regulation and maintenance of the normal metabolic balance of cells. The novel phage defense strategy and regulation and maintenance of cellular metabolism effectively limited the expansion of the phage population.
Bioprospecting of xylanase producing fungal strains: Multilocus phylogenetic analysis and enzyme activity profiling
Authors: Rastogi Meenal , Shrivastava Smriti , Shukla Pratyoosh 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe study aims to explore potential xylanase‐producing indigenous fungi isolated from soil and vegetable wastes containing plant degraded matter, reporting multilocus phylogenetic analysis and xylanase enzyme activity from selective strains. Four potential xylanolytic fungi were identified through distinct primary and secondary screening of 294 isolates obtained from the samples. Morphological characterization and multigene analysis (ITS rDNA, 18S rDNA, LSU rDNA, β‐tubulin, and actin gene) confirmed them as Aspergillus sp. AUMS56, Aspergillus tubingensis AUMS60 and AUMS64, and Aspergillus fumigatus AUKEMS24; achieving crude xylanase activities (through submerged fermentation using corn cobs) of 18.9, 32.29, 30.68, and 15.82 U ml−1, respectively. AUMS60 and AUMS64 (forming lineage with A. tubingensis and Aspergillus niger in the same phylogroup with 100% Bayesian posterior probability support) secreted single xylanase (Xyn60; 36 kDa) and multiple xylanases (Xyn64A and Xyn64B; 33.4 and 19.8 kDa) respectively, having pH optima of 6.0 and exhibiting maximal activity at 60°C. These enzymes were highly stable at 40°C (120 h) and retained more than 70% activity at 50°C and at pH 5–6 (upon 72 h incubation). Our analysis suggested these enzymes to be endoxylanases demonstrating substrate hydrolysis within 15 min of reaction and maximum efficiency of xylanases from AUMS60 and AUMS64 achieving 51.1% (13 h) and 52.2% (24 h) saccharification, respectively. They also showed enhanced catalytic activity with various cations. Based on our investigation on xylan hydrolysis, we believe that these xylanases may find significant industrial applications as they have a real potential of working as a bio‐catalytic cocktail (patent file number: IN E1/38213/2020‐DEL) for the enhanced saccharification of lignocelluloses.
High‐resolution chronology of 24 000‐year long cores from two lakes in the Polar Urals, Russia, correlated with palaeomagnetic inclination records with a distinct event about 20 000 years ago
Authors: Haflidason Haflidi , Brendryen Jo , Eldegard Reidun F. , Mangerud Jan , Ólafsdóttir Sædis , Regnéll Carl , Svendsen John Inge 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTBased on radiocarbon dating, a tephra horizon, varve counts and palaeomagnetism, detailed age models covering the last ~24 k cal abp, have been developed for the stratigraphy in the lakes Bolshoye Shchuchye and Maloye Shchuchye in the Polar Ural Mountains, Russia. The inclination curves from these lakes show nearly identical palaeomagnetic secular variations in the studied cores from both lakes, allowing for a precise correlation between the cores. A large and very distinct inclination deviation, named the Bolshoye Shchuchye Event, was identified in all cores retrieved from both lakes. It lasted over a period of 1245 years, from 20 470 to 19 225 cal abp.The well‐dated palaeomagnetic inclination graph offers a new possibility to correlate archives in this part of the Arctic for the last ~24 k cal abp, probably also over longer distances. The sedimentation rate shows the same trend in all cores from both lakes, including high input during the Last Glacial Maximum and gradually lowering after ~18 k cal abpto lower and stable Holocene values.
Modelling climate constraints on the formation of pluvial Lake Bonneville in the Great Basin, United States
Authors: Belanger Bryce K. , Amidon William H. , Laabs Benjamin J. C. , Munroe Jeffrey S. , Quirk Brendon J. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTThis study uses a hydrologic‐balance model to evaluate the range of precipitation and temperature (P‐T) conditions required to sustain Lake Bonneville at two lake levels during the late Pleistocene. Intersection with a second set of P‐T curves determined from glacial modelling in the nearby Wasatch Mountains places tighter climatic constraints that suggest gradually increasing wetness from ~21 to 15 ka. Specifically, during the latter part of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) (~21–20 ka), Lake Bonneville approached its highest level under conditions roughly 9.5°C colder but only 7% wetter than modern. As the lake reached its pre‐flood Bonneville level (~18.2–17.5 ka), climate conditions were ~16% wetter and ~9°C colder than modern. By ca. 15–14.8 ka, Lake Bonneville abandoned the overflowing Provo level under conditions that were ~21% wetter and ~7°C cooler. These results suggest that regional LGM highstands were not caused by large increases in precipitation, but rather by a climatic optimum in which moderate wetness combined with depressed temperatures to create a positive hydrologic budget. Later highstands during Heinrich I from 17 to 15 ka were likely achieved under gradual increases in precipitation, prior to a transition to drier conditions after 15 ka.
Incidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection among asymptomatic patients undergoing preoperative COVID testing prior to cancer surgery: ASPECT study
Authors: Patkar Shraddha , Voppuru Saiesh R. , Thiagarajan Shivakumar , Niyogi Devayani , Niranjan Hemant S. , Nadkarni Shravan , Singh Tejpratap , Bhandare Manish , Thakkar Purvi , Rohila Jitender , Biswas Sanjay , Epari Sridhar , Shetty Omshree , Gurav Mamta , Bapat Prachi , Puri Ajay , Pramesh C. S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe COVID‐19 pandemic, with high rate of asymptomatic infections and increased perioperative complications, prompted widespread adoption of screening methods. We analyzed the incidence of asymptomatic infection and perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing cancer surgery. We also studied the impact on subsequent cancer treatment in those with COVID‐19.MethodsAll patients who underwent elective and emergency cancer surgery from April to September 2020 were included. After screening for symptoms, a preoperative test was performed from nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs before the procedure. Patients were followed up for 30 days postoperatively and complications were noted.Results2108 asymptomatic patients were tested, of which 200 (9.5%) tested positive. Of those who tested positive, 140 (70%) underwent the planned surgery at a median of 30 days from testing positive, and 20 (14.3%) had ≥ Grade III complications. Forty (20%) patients did not receive the intended treatment; 110 patients were retested in the Postoperative period, and 41 (37.3%) tested positive and 9(22%) patients died of COVID‐related complications.ConclusionRoutine preoperative testing for COVID‐19 helps to segregate patients with asymptomatic infection. Higher complications occur in those who develop COVID‐19 in postoperative period. Prolonged delay in surgery after COVID infection may influence planned treatment.
Limited sorafenib anticancer effects on primary cultured hepatocellular carcinoma cells with high NANOG expression
Authors: Lin Zu‐Yau , Yeh Ming‐Lun , Huang Ching‐I , Chen Shinn‐Cherng , Huang Chung‐Feng , Huang Jee‐Fu , Dai Chia‐Yen , Yu Ming‐Lung , Chuang Wan‐Long 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCancer stem cell is considered as an important cause to exacerbate the prognosis. NANOG and POU5F1 are markers for cancer stem cells. The associations between NANOG and POU5F1 expressions with the sorafenib anticancer effects in primary cultured hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells were investigated. Eight primary cultured HCC parent cell lines and 13 subgroups established by flow cytometric sorting using NANOG and POU5F1 as targets were investigated with clinically achievable sorafenib plasma concentrations (5 and 10 μg/mL). Sorafenib showed obvious downregulation of RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathways and dose‐dependent anti‐proliferative effects only on s003 parent cell line, which showed the lowest expression of NANOG among all tested cell lines except one downregulated NANOG with upregulated POU5F1 s020 subgroup. Sorafenib also inhibited proliferation in this s020 subgroup but promoted proliferation in its parent cell line. For the only one downregulated NANOG alone s015 subgroup, sorafenib which had no influence on its parent cell line inhibited proliferation in this subgroup. Only the above three cell lines could demonstrate sorafenib antiproliferative effects. On the contrary, sorafenib promoted proliferation in three (s003, s015, s071) out of four upregulated NANOG alone subgroups. On the other hand, Sorafenib showed diverse influence on proliferation among four upregulated POU5F1 alone subgroups. In conclusion, NANOG rather than POU5F1 expression is a critical marker for the anticancer effects of sorafenib on HCC. The sorafenib anticancer effects on HCC cells with high NANOG expression were limited. Sorafenib should be combined with other drug able to target cancer cells with high NANOG expression.
Clinical and urodynamic features of secondary tethered cord syndrome: How can they be found longitudinally?
Authors: Lee Su B. , Im Young J. , Jung Jae H. , Do Minh T. , Lee Ji Y. , Wang Kyu‐Chang , Park Kwanjin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeSecondary tethered cord syndrome (TCS) can be diagnosed with signs of progressive deterioration in urological or neuro‐orthopedic systems following primary untethering surgery. Though urological deterioration is a common secondary TCS manifestation, a paucity of diagnostic criteria makes diagnoses challenging. A detailed description of urological deterioration may help diagnose secondary TCS. Thus, the clinical and urodynamic features of the current secondary TCS cases were described.Materials and MethodsFifty‐one patients who had undergone reuntethering for secondary TCS experienced improvement or stabilization of progressive problems. Moreover, their clinical and videourodynamic changes were longitudinally described.ResultsLoss of postoperative spontaneous voiding was the first urological secondary TCS sign for those who could void spontaneously. Urological problems mostly occurred during elementary school (6–12 years). Major urological presentations were recalcitrant urinary tract infection or urinary incontinence. Follow‐up videourodynamic studies revealed typical changes, from acontractile bladder to overactive and low‐complaint bladders. While detrusor overactivity did not always occur during the progression, detrusor sphincter dyssynergia was always present in all patients with urological deterioration. All patients postoperatively showed significant urodynamic improvement regardless of preoperative bladder dysfunction. This included four cases of restoring spontaneous voiding. Nine patients experienced newly appearing nonprogressive neuro‐orthopedic complications despite their urological improvement.ConclusionsUrological deterioration should prompt secondary TCS suspicion, and changes in clinical patterns and videourodynamic studies helped diagnose it. However, reuntethering can effectively address urological problems at the cost of some neuro‐orthopedic functions in some patients.