bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decision basis for multi-directional path planning for post-processing reduction in material extrusion
Authors: Hohenstein Steffen , Bergweiler Georg , Lukas Gerret , Krömer Viktoria , Otten Tobias 
Published: March 2021

AbstractReducing support structures in Material Extrusion (ME) of Additive Manufacturing enables lowered post-processing efforts and enhanced use in industrial applications. This study provides a decision basis for multi-directional path planning strategy to print parts on multi-axis printers without the use of support structures. Research solutions for different limitations of ME systems are examined. The combination of Flat and Curved Layer Slicing, Adaptive Slicing, Load-Capable Path Planning and Multi-Axis Slicing enables printing a multi-directional demonstrator part. The part’s build structure consists of form elements (features) with varying build directions depending on the transition areas between them. A proof-of-concept on a three-axis printer shows the ability of a multi-directional printing method for multi-axis printer systems. Interfaces between features require print parameter adjustment to obtain the desired mechanical properties. Tensile tests are performed to evaluate the mechanical load capacity at connecting areas between features of standard specimens. Geometrically complex parts (3D) are printed in conventional ME systems without support and improved characteristics through the multi-feature path planning strategy. Each feature is printed according to geometrically determined requirements representing a successful proof-of-concept. Results show that further testing is required for the effects of mechanical resistance at connection areas. Adaption of the path planning strategy is needed to reduce occurring defects.
Perspectives of the European Society of Endocrinology (ESE) and the European Society of Paediatric Endocrinology (ESPE) on rare endocrine disease
Authors: Reincke Martin , Hokken-Koelega Anita 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Rare diseases affect <1 in 2000 people. Despite their rarity, they collectively affect ~30 million people across Europe. The aim of this article is to present the view of our European endocrine societies on the care of patients with rare endocrine conditions.

Methods
We evaluated the current situation of patients with rare endocrine disease and present the joint views of the European Society for Endocrinology (ESE) and the European Society for Pediatric Endocrinology (ESPE) on how the endocrine disciplines can support and contribute to a better health of patients with rare endocrine conditions in Europe.

Results
Rare diseases pose many challenges, including early diagnosis and innovative treatment options. Rare endocrine diseases can be found among inherited disorders, cancers, and conditions associated with metabolic disorders such as diabetes, calcium and bone metabolism, lipid metabolism, hypogonadism, and adrenal, pituitary, and thyroid dysfunction. According to the European Registries for Rare Endocrine conditions, there are over 440 distinct rare diseases that affect the endocrine system. Rare endocrine diseases are often chronic and life-threatening.

Conclusions
ESE and ESPE support a strategic plan to address unmet needs in the area of rare endocrine conditions. The EU should continue to evolve and expand its plans for funding European Reference Networks so that they can expand their activities.
The Rise of Data Politics: Digital China and the World
Authors: Liu Lizhi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractData has become one of the most valuable assets for governments and firms. Yet, we still have a limited understanding of how data reshapes international economic relations. This paper explores various aspects of data politics through the lens of China’s digital rise and the country’s global engagement. I start with the theoretical premise that data differs from traditional strategic assets (e.g., land, oil, and labor), in that it is nonrival and partially excludable. These characteristics have generated externality, commitment, and valuation problems, triggering three fundamental changes in China’s external economic relations. First, data’s externality problem makes it necessary for states to regulate data or even to pursue data sovereignty. However, clashes over data sovereignty can ignite conflicts between China and other countries. Second, the commitment problem in data use raises global concerns about foreign government surveillance. As data is easier to transfer across borders than physical commodities, Chinese tech companies’ investments abroad are vulnerable to national security investigations by foreign regulators. Chinese tech companies, therefore, confront a “deep versus broad” dilemma: deep ties with the Chinese government help promote their domestic business but jeopardize their international expansion. Lastly, data’s valuation problem makes traditional measures (e.g., GDP) ill-suited to measure the relative strengths of the world’s economies, which may distort perceptions of China and other states.
Introduction to emerging industrial applications of cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.)
Authors: Sorrentino Giuseppe 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Italian Law of 22 November 2016 has legalized the cultivation of hemp, which drives the development of sustainable agriculture by generating new products with high added value in the new context of circular economy. Hemp cultivation is known for its low environmental impact, as hemp grows fast, suppresses weeds and does not need pesticides. It has no specialized parasites, favors pollination and improves the physical and chemical soil fertility. Recently, many countries have increased their interest in hemp (Cannabis Sativa L.), considering it as a climate-friendly crop that can mitigate climate change and desertification. For these reasons, hemp can be a new protagonist of Italian agriculture already oriented towards the objectives of EU 2030 which predicts 40% decrease in greenhouse gas emissions compared to 1990. The hemp cultivation can activate a new supply chain by allowing using different parts of the plant, benefiting farmers, environment, and human health. Indeed, although a very old plant, hemp will be one of the main protagonists of the green economy in the near future. Its seeds can be used by agri-food industry to produce flour, pasta, pastry and oil, while the stem through canapulo (woody part of stem) in green building sector. Its fiber (external part of stem) will find new applications in textile industry. As for its inflorescences and roots, thanks to the extraction of bioactive molecules, they will play an important role in the pharmaceutical and parapharmaceutical industry. Finally, only the medical sector with Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) extraction from inflorescence is not yet regulated by the aforementioned Italian Law.
Influence of material degradation on weld seam quality in hot gas butt welding of polyamides
Authors: Bialaschik Max , Schöppner Volker , Albrecht Mirko , Gehde Michael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe joining of plastics is required because component geometries are severely restricted in conventional manufacturing processes such as injection molding or extrusion. In addition to established processes such as hot plate welding, infrared welding, or vibration welding, hot gas butt welding is becoming more and more important industrially due to its advantages. The main benefits are the contactless heating process, the suitability for glass fiber reinforced, and high-temperature plastics as well as complex component geometries. However, various degradation phenomena can occur during the heating process used for economic reasons, due to the presence of oxygen in the air and to the high gas temperatures. In addition, the current patent situation suggests that welding with an oxidizing gas is not permissible depending on the material. On the other hand, however, there is experience from extrusion welding, with which long-term resistant weld seams can be produced using air. Investigations have shown that the same weld seam properties can be achieved with polypropylene using either air or nitrogen as the process gas. Experimental investigations have now been carried out on the suitability of different gases with regard to the weld seam quality when welding polyamides, which are generally regarded as more prone to oxidation. The results show that weld strengths are higher when nitrogen is used as process gas. However, equal weld strengths can be achieved with air and nitrogen when the material contains heat stabilizers.
Dietary nutrients and health risks from exposure to some heavy metals through the consumption of the farmed common carp (CYPRINUS CARPIO)
Authors: Tkachenko Halyna , Kurhaluk Natalia , Kasiyan Olha , Kamiński Piotr 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCommon carp (Cyprinus carpio) is one of the most important cultured fish species in Poland. The aims of our study were to determine the concentration of essential minerals in the muscle tissue of carp obtained from a pond culture and to compare the content of these minerals with the physiological norms of nutrition for the Polish population, Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA), and Estimated Average Requirements (EAR). The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk by assessment of the Estimated target hazard quotients (THQ), total target hazard quotients (ΣTHQ), and carcinogenic risk were also studied. The muscle tissue of the carp was rich in macroelements. The pattern significance gradation of element concentrations was as follows: Na > K > Ca > P > Mg > Al > Zn > Fe > Cu > Mn > Cr > Se > Co. The concentration of toxic heavy metals in the samples was lower than the maximum allowable level of metals in food products. The risk of consumption of toxicants by an adult at a daily intake of 100 g of fish was 1.45% for Pb, 0.1% for Hg, 0.02% for Cd, and 0.02% for As, compared to the allowable daily intake for each toxicant. The value of the target hazard quotients of each metal was less than 1, indicating that the intake of a single metal through the consumption of carp meat does not pose a considerable health hazard. The total value of the target hazard quotients was also less than 1, indicating the safety of the combined effects of the chemicals. The major risk contributor was Pb with 82.9%, followed by Hg (9.38%), As (6.43%), and Cd (1.29%).
The Italian Wine Sector: Evolution, Structure, Competitiveness and Future Challenges of an Enduring Leader
Authors: Pomarici Eugenio , Corsi Alessandro , Mazzarino Simonetta , Sardone Roberta 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Italian wine supply chain has performed well in recent decades both in terms of profitability and success on the domestic and international markets. This is despite the fact that it is fragmented in terms of products, prices and consumption context, and, in particular, despite the fact that it is characterised by an organisation that hinders the full exploitation of economies of scale. This paradox has not been investigated in literature. We propose several elements in support of the hypothesis that the Italian wine sector’s success is linked to favourable elements of the Porter Diamond Model (5 out of 6) but also to the “district” nature of a large part of the sector. The presence of numerous networks, some of which are formal and others informal, gives most Italian local production systems specialising in grapes and wine the characteristics of industrial districts, due to the local social capital that is stratified there. These networks include operators such as Cooperatives and Consorzi di Tutela, upstream and downstream industries and services, tourism, research and educational bodies. Such networks can overcome the weakness represented by the low concentration and small average size of the operators. To support this hypothesis, we analyse the historical evolution of the sector and its drivers, the structural features of the different phases of the wine chain (grape growing, winemaking, bottling and distribution), the market relationships within the chain and the national and European policies favouring the sector. This analysis also underlines the differences between the Italian sector and its competitors from the Old and New World.
Properties of Solutions of Generalized Sturm–Liouville Discrete Equations
Authors: Migda Janusz , Nockowska-Rosiak Magdalena , Migda Małgorzata 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe consider discrete Sturm–Liouville-type equations of the form $$\begin{aligned} \varDelta (r_n\varDelta x_n)=a_nf(x_{\sigma (n)})+b_n. \end{aligned}$$

Δ

(

r
n

Δ

x
n

)

=

a
n

f

(

x

σ
(
n
)

)

+

b
n

.

We present a theory of asymptotic properties of solutions which allows us to control the degree of approximation. Namely, we establish conditions under which for a given sequence y which solves the equation $$\varDelta (r_n\varDelta y_n)=b_n$$

Δ

(

r
n

Δ

y
n

)

=

b
n

, the above equation possesses a solution x with the property $$x_n=y_n+\mathrm {o}(u_n)$$

x
n

=

y
n

+
o

(

u
n

)

, where u is a given positive, nonincreasing sequence. The obtained results are applied to the study of asymptotically periodic solutions. Moreover, these results also allow us to obtain some nonoscillation criteria for the classical Sturm–Liouville equation.
Ist die Expression des GP88-Proteins (Progranulin) ein klinisch relevanter Prognosefaktor für Prostatakarzinompatienten?
Authors: Taubert Helge , Eckstein Markus 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungProgranulin (GP88), ein autokriner Wachstumsfaktor, stellt einen für zahlreiche Tumorentitäten vielversprechenden Biomarker dar. Da sich GP88 sowohl im Tumorgewebe als auch im Serum von Tumorpatienten nachweisen lässt, ist ein minimal-invasiver Test („liquid biopsy“) zum Nachweis von GP88 möglich. Im Prostatakarzinom (PCa) wurde dieser Marker bisher nur in wenigen Voruntersuchungen auf seine diagnostische Aussagekraft hin charakterisiert. In unseren eigenen Arbeiten analysierten wir die Proteinlevel von GP88 im Serum (ELISA-Test) und im Tumorgewebe (Immunhistochemie) in 2 Prostatakarzinompatientenkohorten. Dabei erwies sich der verstärkte Proteinnachweis sowohl im Serum als auch im Tumorgewebe als negativer Prognosefaktor. Interessanterweise traf dies nur auf die jüngeren PCa-Patienten zu. Es sind weitere Untersuchungen erforderlich, um diese Ergebnisse zu bestätigen bzw. eine Eignung von GP88 auch für die Diagnose und das Therapiemonitoring von PCa-Patienten einzuschätzen.
QRAS: efficient resource allocation for task scheduling in cloud computing
Authors: Singh Harvinder , Bhasin Anshu , Kaveri Parag Ravikant 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCloud resource allocation, a real-time problem can be dealt with efficaciously to reduce execution cost and improve resource utilization. Resource usability can fulfill customers’ expectations if the allocation has performed according to demand constraint. Task Scheduling is NP-hard problem where unsuitable matching leads to performance degradation and violation of service level agreement (SLA). In this research paper, the workflow scheduling problem has been conducted with objective of higher exploitation of resources. To overcome scheduling optimization problem, the proposed QoS based resource allocation and scheduling has used swarm-based ant colony optimization provide more predictable results. The experimentation of proposed algorithms has been done in a simulated cloud environment. Further, the results of the proposed algorithm have been compared with other policies, it performed better in terms of Quality of Service parameters.
Actions to align energy projects with the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Leite de Almeida Constança Martins , Bergqvist Elin , Thacker Scott , Fuso Nerini Francesco 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe 2030 Agenda is an aspiring set of goals and targets that aims to prompt humanity towards a sustainable development by 2030. In order to achieve this, actions that mitigate trade-offs and enhance synergies within the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) need to be identified. However, for the energy sector these actions are dispersed across the scientific literature, which is a clear barrier to encourage practitioners to have a proactive and pragmatic approach towards the SDGs. For this reason, a set of actions for energy projects was compiled. This compilation addresses the synergies and trade-offs identified in the Sustainable Development Goals Impact Assessment Framework for Energy Projects (SDG-IAE). One case of application was used to test the actions, the lighthouse Project VARGA. Subsequently, an analysis was conducted to understand how possible actions can impact different technologies, project stages, actors and SDG targets. In this way, enabling policymakers and project developers to define areas of action when evaluating policies or considering specific interventions. This article aims to be the starting point of stakeholder discussions that consistently frame energy projects within the achievement of the SDGs.
A “resistance calculator”: Simple stewardship intervention for refining empiric practices of antimicrobials in acute-care hospitals
Authors: Zilberman-Itskovich Shani , Strul Nathan , Chedid Khalil , Martin Emily T. , Shorbaje Akram , Vitkon-Barkay Itzhak , Marcus Gil , Michaeli Leah , Broide Mor , Yekutiel Matar , Zohar Yarden , Razin Hadas , Low Amitai , Strulovici Ariela , Israeli Boaz , Geva Gal , Katz David E. , Ben-Chetrit Eli , Dodin Mutaz , Dhar Sorabh , Parsons Leo Milton , Ramos-Mercado Abdiel , Kaye Keith S. , Marchaim Dror 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjective:In the era of widespread resistance, there are 2 time points at which most empiric prescription errors occur among hospitalized adults: (1) upon admission (UA) when treating patients at risk of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) and (2) during hospitalization, when treating patients at risk of extensively drug-resistant organisms (XDROs). These errors adversely influence patient outcomes and the hospital’s ecology.Design and setting:Retrospective cohort study, Shamir Medical Center, Israel, 2016.Patients:Adult patients (aged >18 years) hospitalized with sepsis.Methods:Logistic regressions were used to develop predictive models for (1) MDRO UA and (2) nosocomial XDRO. Their performances on the derivation data sets, and on 7 other validation data sets, were assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC AUC).Results:In total, 4,114 patients were included: 2,472 patients with sepsis UA and 1,642 with nosocomial sepsis. The MDRO UA score included 10 parameters, and with a cutoff of ≥22 points, it had an ROC AUC of 0.85. The nosocomial XDRO score included 7 parameters, and with a cutoff of ≥36 points, it had an ROC AUC of 0.87. The range of ROC AUCs for the validation data sets was 0.7–0.88 for the MDRO UA score and was 0.66–0.75 for nosocomial XDRO score. We created a free web calculator (https://assafharofe.azurewebsites.net).Conclusions:A simple electronic calculator could aid with empiric prescription during an encounter with a septic patient. Future implementation studies are needed to evaluate its utility in improving patient outcomes and in reducing overall resistances.
Evaluating the responses of three closely related small mammal lineages to climate change across the Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum
Authors: Vitek Natasha S. , Morse Paul E. , Boyer Doug M. , Strait Suzanne G. , Bloch Jonathan I. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInterpreting the impact of climate change on vertebrates in the fossil record can be complicated by the effects of potential biotic drivers on morphological patterns observed in taxa. One promising area where this impact can be assessed is a high-resolution terrestrial record from the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, that corresponds to the Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum (PETM), a geologically rapid (~170 kyr) interval of sustained temperature and aridity shifts about 56 Ma. The PETM has been extensively studied, but different lines of research have not yet been brought together to compare the timing of shifts in abiotic drivers that include temperature and aridity proxies and those of biotic drivers, measured through changes in floral and faunal assemblages, to the timing of morphological change within mammalian species lineages. We used a suite of morphometric tools to document morphological changes in molar crown morphology of three lineages of stem erinaceid eulipotyphlans. We then compared the timing of morphological change to that of both abiotic and other biotic records through the PETM. In all three species lineages, we failed to recover any significant changes in tooth crown shape or size within the PETM. These results contrast with those documented previously for lineages of medium-sized mammals, which show significant dwarfing within the PETM. Our results suggest that biotic drivers such as shifts in community composition may have also played an important role in shaping species-level patterns during this dynamic interval in Earth history.
Moral peace and moral pleasure in theAnalects
Authors: Li Puqun 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTThis article examines Confucius’ ideas of moral peace (an安) and moral pleasure (le樂) in the Analects. It argues thatanandleare two correlated aspects of a self-cultivated state of being (jing-jie境界) that is grounded on practising benevolence or human-heartedness (ren仁) and on following the Way (dao道). The state ofan-leinvolves not only one's reason (i.e., knowingrenanddao) and one's will (i.e., willingrenanddao), but also one's love or ‘emotional liking’ (hào好) with respect to the practice of ren anddao. It is a state that resembles Kant's idea of intellectual contentment but,pacePhilip Ivanhoe's recent interpretation of Confucius, it is different from Aristotle's concepts of pleasure andeudaimonia.
Notes on lichenicolous species ofOpegraphas. lat. (Arthoniales) onArthoniaceaeandVerrucariaceae, with a key to British and Irish lichenicolousOpegraphaceae
Authors: Coppins Brian J. , Kondratyuk Sergey Y. , Etayo Javier , Cannon Paul F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThree species of lichenicolousOpegraphas. lat. are newly described, all apparently host-specific at genus level.Opegrapha arthoniicolaCoppins & S. Y. Kondr. is described from western Britain and Ireland, where it grows on the thallus ofArthonia radiataonCorylusbark; it has small clustered ascomata, asci that are usually 6-spored and rather small ascospores (10.5–)12.5–14.5 μm in length.Opegrapha sawyerianaCoppins occurs on the thallus ofConiocarpon cinnabarinum, also onCorylusbark, from oceanic western parts of Scotland, Ireland and southern England; in comparison toO. arthoniicolait has smaller, often scattered ascomata with a pigmented basal layer, 8-spored asci and slightly larger ascospores 13–14.5(–16) μm in length.Opegrapha hochstetteriCoppins has been found on thalli ofVerrucaria hochstetteriandV. muralison calcareous rocks and stonework in southern England and Luxembourg; collections were formerly identified asOpegrapha rupestrisPers. but it differs from this species by narrower ascomata with a persistent narrow slit, normally 6- rather than 8-spored asci and ascospores with pigmentation in the spore wall rather than the perispore. Lifted from synonymy isOpegrapha opacaNyl., which inhabits the thallus ofVerrucaria nigrescensandV. viridulaon calcareous rocks and stonework, and is so far recorded from southern England, Luxembourg, France, northern Spain and Israel. The hosts of the European species of lichenicolousOpegraphaonVerrucarias. lat. on calcareous rocks (O. hochstetteri,O. opacaandO. rupestris) belong to different phylogenetic lineages within theVerrucariaceae. A key is also provided to the lichenicolous species ofOpegraphaceaecurrently known from Great Britain and Ireland.