bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persister cells: formation, resuscitation and combative therapies
Authors: Wainwright Jack , Hobbs Glyn , Nakouti Ismini 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPersister cells, or superfits, have been strongly implicated in the recalcitrance and recurrence of chronic bacterial infection through the dormant (metabolically reduced) phenotype they display and the tolerance to antimicrobial agents this dormancy grants them. The complex biochemical events that lead to the formation of persister cells are not completely understood, though much research has linked the degradation of type II toxin/antitoxin systems and reduced cellular ATP levels to the rise in stress response molecules (where (p)ppGpp is of particular interest), which induce this dormant state. The equally complex mechanism of resuscitation is initiated by the cells’ ability to sense nutrient availability via chemotaxis systems. Levels of secondary messenger proteins (i.e., cAMP) within the cell are reduced to allow the resuscitation of ribosomes, by ribosomal resuscitation factor HflX, to reinstate protein synthesis and, therefore, growth to re-populate. Techniques of superfit eradication utilise one, or more, of three approaches (i) direct killing, (ii) re-sensitising persister cells to conventional antimicrobials, or (iii) prevention of persister formation though few laboratory findings have been translated to clinical practice. This work will outline current findings in the field with a critical approach, where possible.
Bedarf und Vorhersagbarkeit von Magnetresonanztomographieuntersuchungen bei Patienten mit implantiertem Neurostimulator
Authors: Reining Marco , Winkler Dirk , Böttcher Joachim , Meixensberger Jürgen , Kretzschmar Michael 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Bei steigender Zahl von Magnetresonanztomographie(MRT)-Untersuchungen in der deutschen Gesamtbevölkerung gibt es keine Daten zum Untersuchungsbedarf von Patienten mit implantiertem Neurostimulator in Deutschland. Publizierte Daten aus den USA legen einen hohen Bedarf nahe. Die eingeschränkte MRT-Zulassung der Implantate ist in der täglichen Praxis ein häufiges Problem.

Ziel
Im Fokus steht der MRT-Bedarf dieser Schmerzpatienten und die Vorhersagbarkeit zum Zeitpunkt der Implantation.

Material und Methoden
Es erfolgte eine retrospektive Auswertung der Datenbank unseres Klinikinformationssystems. Gesucht wurden alle im Zeitraum November 2011 bis März 2019 in unserem Klinikum angeforderten MRT-Untersuchungen für Patienten mit implantiertem Neurostimulator. Zudem erfolgte ein Abgleich mit den im gleichen Zeitraum durchgeführten Implantationen derartiger Stimulationssysteme.

Ergebnisse
Es konnten 171 durchgeführte MRT-Untersuchungen und 22 Anforderungen ohne nachfolgende Untersuchung ausgewertet werden. Bei 83 von 294 Patienten, die in unserem Zentrum mit implantierten Neurostimulatoren versorgt wurden, erfolgte mindestens eine MRT-Untersuchung in unserem Klinikum. Wir beobachten eine stetig steigende Nachfrage. In 111 von 171 durchgeführten Untersuchungen (65 %) bestand kein Zusammenhang zwischen der zur Implantation führenden Indikation und der Indikation für die MRT. Eine Vorhersagbarkeit konnte nur bei 43 von 193 MRT-Anforderungen (22 %) unterstellt werden.

Diskussion
Patienten mit implantiertem Neurostimulator haben auch in Deutschland einen hohen Bedarf an MRT-Diagnostik, welcher zum Zeitpunkt der Implantation nicht vorhersagbar ist. Daher sollten ausschließlich MRT-taugliche Systeme implantiert werden. Die Industrie ist aufgefordert, die Implantate und deren Zulassungen an den Bedarf anzupassen.
Thermodynamic Properties of Methyl Diethanolamine
Authors: Neumann Tobias , Baumhögger Elmar , Span Roland , Vrabec Jadran , Thol Monika 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe homogeneous density of the liquid phase is experimentally investigated for methyl diethanolamine. Data are obtained along five isotherms in a temperature range between 300 K and 360 K for pressures up to 95 MPa. Two different apparatuses are used to measure the speed of sound for the temperatures between 322 K and 450 K with a maximum pressure of 95 MPa. These measurements and literature data are used to develop a fundamental equation of state for methyl diethanolamine. The model is formulated in terms of the Helmholtz energy and allows for the calculation of all thermodynamic properties in gaseous, liquid, supercritical, and saturation states. The experimental data are represented within their uncertainties. The physical and extrapolation behavior is validated qualitatively to ensure reasonable calculations outside of the range of validity. Based on the experimental datasets, the equation of state is valid for temperatures from 250 K to 750 K and pressures up to 100 MPa.
Clustered sparsity and Poisson-gap sampling
Authors: Kasprzak Paweł , Urbańczyk Mateusz , Kazimierczuk Krzysztof 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNon-uniform sampling (NUS) is a popular way of reducing the amount of time taken by multidimensional NMR experiments. Among the various non-uniform sampling schemes that exist, the Poisson-gap (PG) schedules are particularly popular, especially when combined with compressed-sensing (CS) reconstruction of missing data points. However, the use of PG is based mainly on practical experience and has not, as yet, been explained in terms of CS theory. Moreover, an apparent contradiction exists between the reported effectiveness of PG and CS theory, which states that a “flat” pseudo-random generator is the best way to generate sampling schedules in order to reconstruct sparse spectra. In this paper we explain how, and in what situations, PG reveals its superior features in NMR spectroscopy. We support our theoretical considerations with simulations and analyses of experimental data from the Biological Magnetic Resonance Bank (BMRB). Our analyses reveal a previously unnoticed feature of many NMR spectra that explains the success of ”blue-noise” schedules, such as PG. We call this feature “clustered sparsity”. This refers to the fact that the peaks in NMR spectra are not just sparse but often form clusters in the indirect dimension, and PG is particularly suited to deal with such situations. Additionally, we discuss why denser sampling in the initial and final parts of the clustered signal may be useful.
Ultrasound-guided lung biopsy with coaxial technique: pleural contact length affects the occurrence of pneumothorax after first puncture
Authors: Imamine Rinpei , Kubo Takeshi , Akuta Keizo , Kobayashi Hisato , Yamamoto Yoshiharu , Saito Ayako , Sakai Naoki , Shirase Tomoyuki 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To assess prebiopsy characteristics influencing the occurrence of pneumothorax after first puncture of ultrasound (US)-guided lung biopsy with coaxial technique.

Materials and methods
From January 2007 to September 2018, 180 peripheral lung lesions in 174 patients who underwent B-mode US-guided lung biopsy with coaxial technique at single institution were included in this study. Technical success was defined as the ability to make a diagnosis using the acquired sample with/without an adverse event of pneumothorax. Statistical analyses of prebiopsy characteristics were performed to identify the most important cutpoint and to evaluate the effect on diagnostic accuracy.

Results
Of the 180 lesions (mean size, 37 mm ± 26.2; mean pleural contact length, 38.2 mm ± 34.4), technical success rate was 97.2% (175/180 lesions) and diagnostic accuracy rate was 91.6% (165/180 lesions). Pneumothorax occurred immediately after first puncture for seven of 180 lesions. Classification and regression tree analysis and Fisher’s exact test showed the proportion of the pneumothorax immediately after first puncture was higher in lesions with pleural contact length less than 9.78 mm (p = 0.002). No significant difference was shown between the pneumothorax and non-pneumothorax after first puncture in technical success and final diagnosis success rate.

Conclusion
Pleural contact length affects the occurrence of pneumothorax after first puncture of US-guided lung biopsy with coaxial technique.
Drei kulturelle und organisatorische Welten
Authors: Hirschhorn Larry , Giernalczyk Thomas , Holle Martin , Lohmer Mathias , Zimmermann Markus 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungCovid-19 beschleunigt virtuelle Formen der weltweiten Zusammenarbeit. Das hat weitreichende Konsequenzen für Struktur und Prozesse von Organisationen einerseits und ihre Kultur andererseits. Wir unterscheiden drei Welten, die die meisten Unternehmen in unterschiedlichen Proportionen miteinander verbinden: (1) die bürokratische Welt mit ihrer Orientierung an Hierarchie, Kontrolle und Vorhersagbarkeit, (2) die Projektwelt mit den Werten Team, Kooperation und Entwicklung, (3) die mit Freiheit, Autonomie und Unsicherheit verbundene Transaktions- oder Gig-Welt. Der richtige Zuschnitt der drei Welten im Unternehmen (wieviel braucht es von welcher Welt?) ebenso wie die Passung der Unternehmenskultur zu den Welten (fördert oder behindert die vorherrschende Kultur die Organisation?) sind wichtig u. a. für Recruiting und Bindung von Talenten – und damit für den Erfolg des Unternehmens.
Knowledge and Asymmetric Loss
Authors: Dinges Alexander 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper offers a novel account of practical factor effects on knowledge attributions that is consistent with the denial of contextualism, relativism and pragmatic encroachemt. The account goes as follows. Knowledge depends on factors like safety, reliability or probability. In many cases, it is uncertain just how safe, how reliably formed or how probable the target proposition is. This means that we have to estimate these quantities in order to form knowledge judgements. Such estimates of uncertain quantities are independently known to be affected by pragmatic factors. When overestimation is costlier than underestimation, for instance, we tend to underestimate the relevant quantity to avoid greater losses. On the suggested account, high stakes and other pragmatic factors induce such “asymmetric loss functions” on quantities like safety, reliability and probability. This skews our estimates of these quantities and thereby our judgements about knowledge. The resulting theory is an error-theory, but one that rationlizes the error in question.
Maturing Out of Victimization: Extending the Theory of Psychosocial Maturation to Victimization
Authors: Beckley Amber L. , Rocque Michael , Tuvblad Catherine , Piquero Alex R. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Adolescents are at a relatively high risk of victimization. Within criminology, victimization has been largely attributed to risky behaviors and low self-control. Yet, these factors explain only a modest amount of victimization, suggesting that other theoretical predictors may offer additional insight. One factor that may predict victimization, as well as decreasing victimization risk after adolescence, is psychosocial maturation. Using data from the longitudinal Pathways to Desistance study, this study tested the association between psychosocial maturation and victimization. The analytic sample for this study (1087 individuals; 5681 yearly observations) included participants under 18 years at study recruitment. On average, each participant contributed 6 years of data. The victimization measure captured different types of threats and assaults (including rape and gunshot). Results showed 978 (17.2%) observations during which participants reported victimization. On average, psychosocial maturation increased with age while victimization risk decreased. Crude and adjusted models of the between-individual effect showed that a one standard deviation increase in psychosocial maturation was associated with 39% and 20% lower odds of victimization, respectively. Crude and adjusted models of the within-individual effect showed that a one standard deviation increase in psychosocial maturation was associated with 22% and 17% lower odds of victimization, respectively. Psychosocial maturation appears to be a relevant predictor of victimization and aids in our understanding of victimization risk throughout adolescence and early adulthood.
Vom Freizeiterleben zur Selbstoptimierung? – Zeitperspektiven Jugendlicher im Sport: reloaded
Authors: Neuber Nils , Dahl Stefanie , Salomon Sebastian 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Konzept der Zeitperspektiven strukturiert das Jugendalter auf der Grundlage gegenwartsbezogener Entfaltung (Moratorium) und zukunftsbezogener Entwicklung (Transition). Der Beitrag bezieht dieses Modell auf die drei sportbezogenen Settings Schulsport, Vereinssport und Selbstorganisierter Sport und fragt nach den jeweiligen Entfaltungs- und Entwicklungspotenzialen aus der Sicht von Jugendlichen. Dabei werden Stichproben aus den Jahren 2002 und 2019 miteinander verglichen (N1 = 214; N2 = 502). Im Zeitvergleich zeigt sich, dass die Einschätzung gegenwartsbezogener Entfaltungsbedürfnisse und zukunftsbezogener Entwicklungsaufgaben in der Perspektive junger Menschen tendenziell unverändert bleibt, dass jedoch die Bedeutung sozialer Kontakte insbesondere im Selbstorganisierten Sport abnimmt. Damit deutet sich eine Tendenz vom spielerischen Sporterleben in der Freizeit zur körper- und fitnessbezogenen Selbstoptimierung an.
Permanent Value
Authors: FRUGÉ CHRISTOPHER 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTemporal nihilism is the view that our lives will not matter after we die. According to the standard interpretation, this is because our lives will not make a permanent difference. Many who consider the view thus reject it by denying that our lives need to have an eternal impact. However, in this essay, I develop a different formulation of temporal nihilism revolving around the persistence of personal value itself. According to this more powerful conception of nihilism, we do not have personal value after death, so our past life no longer has well-being after we die. The standard objections to the standard interpretation do not apply to this more nihilistic nihilism. I offer a new response according to which personal value persists after death because the person continues to exist.
The Abbotts and Their Book: A Dynasty of Decorative Plasterers and Their Work in Devon, c. 1580–1727
Authors: Saunt Jenny 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTThe ‘Abbott Book’ is a seventeenth-century pocketbook of over three hundred pages of drawings and notes on decorative plaster and paint made by members of the Abbott family of Devonshire. It has a long and contested history. From the 1920s through to the 1950s, it was given sixteenth-century origins and described as a compilation made by several generations of the Abbott family. During this period, the book’s drawings were used to attribute much sixteenth- and seventeenth-century decorative plaster in the south-west of England to the Abbott dynasty of plasterers. Then, through the 1980s and 1990s, the Abbott story was revisited and dramatically revised. The book was declared a post-1660 work and previous notions of several generations of Abbotts creating it were dispelled. The whole work was reattributed to one man, John Abbott, who was born in 1642 and died in 1727. As a result, plasterwork across the south-west was reattributed to an anonymous ‘Devon School’ of plasterers and, with its new and dramatically shortened lifespan, the book’s usefulness as a source for the broader practices of plasterwork in the period was diminished. Using new evidence relating to watermarks, the genealogy of the Abbotts, the plasterwork they produced and the print sources they used for drawings in the book, this article rewrites the Abbott Book story. It restores the notion that the pocketbook was used by several different members of the Abbott family — at least three and possibly four — over the 150 years between c. 1580 and 1727. By providing a logic and a timeline for its complex compilation pattern, it allows the drawings in the book to shed new light on the design and production processes of seventeenth-century plasterwork not just in Devon, but also in England as a whole.
Excretion patterns of Schistosoma mansoni antigens CCA and CAA by adult male and female worms, using a mouse model and ex vivo parasite cultures
Authors: Casacuberta-Partal Miriam , van Lieshout Lisette , van Diepen Angela , Sijtsma Jeroen C. , Ozir-Fazalalikhan Arifa , Koopman Jan Pieter R. , de Dood Claudia J. , Corstjens Paul L.A.M. , van Dam Govert J. , Hokke Cornelis H. , Roestenberg Meta 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAssays which enable the detection of schistosome gut-associated circulating anodic (CAA) and cathodic (CCA) antigen in serum or urine are increasingly used as a diagnostic tool for schistosome infection. However, little is known about the production and clearance of these circulating antigens in relation to the sex and reproductive maturity of the parasite. Here we describe CAA and CCA excretion patterns by exploring a mouse model after exposure to 36 male-only, female-only and mixed (male/female) Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. We found that serum and urine CAA levels, analysed at 3 weeks intervals, peaked at 6 weeks post-infection. Worms recovered after perfusion at 14 weeks were cultured ex vivo. Male parasites excreted more circulating antigens than females, in the mouse model as well as ex vivo. In mixed infections (supporting egg production), serum CAA levels correlated to the number of recovered worms, whereas faecal egg counts or Schistosoma DNA in stool did not. No viable eggs and no inflammation were seen in the livers from mice infected with female worms only. Ex vivo, CAA levels were higher than CCA levels. Our study confirms that CAA levels reflect worm burden and allows detection of low-level single-sex infections.
Effect of stage of maturity of grass and period of ensilage on milk production with grass silage-based diets
Authors: Cushnahan A. , Mayne C.S. , Goodall E.A. 
Published: November 2021

It is generally assumed that lactating dairy cows offered grass silage consume less dry matter than cows offered fresh pasture. The aim of this study was to identify the effect of specific components of the ensilage process on food intake and animal performance.Thirty-six lactating dairy cows were offered the following diets in a changeover design experiment:Gl = primary growth perennial ryegrass zero grazed between 11/5/94 and 31/5/94 (high digestibility).Sl,3 = silage made from Gl and allowed to ferment for 3 weeks prior to feeding.Sl,9 = silage made from Gl and allowed to ferment for 9 weeks prior to feeding.G2 = primary growth perennial ryegrass zero grazed between 1/6/94 and 21/6/94 (low digestibility).S2,3 = silage made from G2 and allowed to ferment for 3 weeks prior to feeding.S2,9 = silage made from G2 and allowed to ferment for 9 weeks prior to feeding.Each treatment forage was offered for a period of 3 weeks, with food intake and animal production data from week 3 used in the statistical analysis. Forage was obtained from the primary growth of a perennial ryegrass sward, which had received 135 kg N, 19 kg P2O5 and 38 K2O/ha. All grass was pre-mown with a rotary mower, then lifted using a round baler. Bales were offered directly to the cows or wrapped in black plastic, stored and allowed to ferment. No additive was applied at ensiling.
The effect of providing a high fibre diet on foraging behaviour of outdoor sows and consequent pasture damage
Authors: Braund J P , Edwards S A , Riddoch I , Buckner L , Roden J 
Published: November 2021

Food restricted sows under extensive conditions forage for considerable periods of time and this can give rise to serious pasture damage. This pasture damage can be diminished by the reduction of rooting behaviours. In the past this has been achieved by nose ringing but, due to welfare implications, the emphasis has now been shifted onto alternative methods such as nutritional modification. This rooting behaviour is, in part, caused by hunger (feed motivation) and it has been demonstrated that this feed motivation can be manipulated by short-term changes in food level and type (Brouns et al 1994; Edwards et al, 1993; Ewbank, 1974).The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of feeding a fibrous diet (containing 600 g/kg unmolassed sugarbeet pulp) either at a restricted or ad libitum level, on foraging behaviour and the consequences of this for pasture damage.
Cut-and-carry feeding of indigenous grass in indonesian sheep production: effect of amount of grass offered and wilting on intake and yield of compost
Authors: Tanner J C , Owen E , Winugroho H M , Gill M 
Published: November 2021

West Java sheep are permanently housed and offered manually-harvested grass at 50-60 g dry matter [DM] per kg live weight [M] daily [d]. Flocks (ca. 5 head) are housed on slats, with excreta and feed refusals composted underneath.In a previous experiment (Tanner et al 1993) with 18-month old Javanese Thin-Tailed rams, intake of cut-and-carried, indigenous grass increased as the amount offered was increased (25, 50 or 75 g DM offered/kg M.d; intakes were 22.1, 31.7 and 34.9 g DM/kg M.d respectively). Output of compost also increased with increasing amount of grass offered. In another experiment (Tanner et al 1994) supplementing grass offered at 30 g DM/kg M.d with rice bran fed at 30 g/kg M0.75.d achieved the same intake of digestible organic matter as unsupplemented grass offered at 60 g DM/kg M.d and reduced feeding costs by 15%. However, output of compost was reduced by 41% by rice bran supplementation, resulting in an unacceptable reduction in compost monetary-value.
Effect of type of supplement on goat milk production under grazing conditions
Authors: Frutos P. , López J. , Lavín P. , Díez P. , Mantecón A.R. 
Published: November 2021

The value of the goat for milk and meat production has been recognized especially for arid zones, where these ruminants can use natural resources. When goats under grazing conditions are supplemented, changes in milk yield, according to type of supplement, are expected.This experience was carried out with the aim to study the effect of type of supplement on milk production under grazing conditions.A total of 48 adult Alpine goats were allocated into four groups (12 goats/group) according with the type of supplement offered:Group A: 600 g /head/day of a concentrate mixture with high protein content (Soybean + barley grain + maize grain + mineral-vitamin supplement).Group B: 600 g barley grain /head/day.Group C: 600 g hay /head/day.Group D: no supplement.
Effects of protected methionine supplementation of the diet and genotype on growth, digestive characteristics and fibre yield in cashmere and angora goats
Authors: Souri M. , Galbraith H. , Scaife J.R. , Williams P.E.V. 
Published: November 2021

Methionine is a sulphur-containing essential amino acid which is frequently deficient in animal diets. A number of reports have indicated positive responses to the addition of methionine to the diet of ruminants in the form of protein or the individual amino acid. Protection against degradation by rumen microorganisms is necessary in addition to availability for absorption in the small intestine.The two major genotypes of fine fibre-producing goats are the Angora breed which produce predominantly mohair and those which produce cashmere from secondary hair follicles. Fibre production by primary follicles in Angora goats is limited whereas ‘guard hair’ production in cashmere producers is generally susbtantial.The object of the present study was to compare the response of the two genotypes to the incorporation of a ruminally protected intestinally available methionine supplement in the diet.