bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Halide Counter Ions and Methanol on the Foaming Behavior of Cationic Surfactants and a Mechanism Study
Authors: Bai Yun , Zhang Jie , Dong Sanbao , Zhu Shidong , Wang Manxue , Wu Ya , Pu Chunsheng , Chen Gang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this work, four quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants including cetyltrimethyl ammonium fluoride (CTAF), cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC), cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and cetyltrimethyl ammonium iodide (CTAI) were investigated to study the effect of halide anions on the surface activity and foaming performance. The result showed that CTAF had superior surface activity, which could reduce the surface tension of water to 33.15 mN/m at a low CMC (critical micelle formation concentration) of 1.65 mmol/L. Based on the calculation of Amin (the minimum occupied area per surfactant molecule), we assumed that this higher surface activity was related to the small ionic radius of the fluorine ion (F–). The foamability and foam stability of CTAF has great advantages over other surfactants studied. On this basis, the factors affecting the formation and stabilization of the CTAF foam were investigated. The results showed that foam formation benefited from high temperatures and low methanol concentration, while high salinity was beneficial for foam stability. When CTAF at a concentration of 0.2% was used as a foaming agent, foaming was excellent at a methanol concentration of 10%, a salinity of 22 ⨯ 104 mg/L, and a temperature of 90°C. With this study, uncertainties that existed in the literature regarding the effect of anion on surface activity and foam performance were explained and the effect of temperature, methanol and salinity on foam generation and stabilization was understood.
Heavy Oil Storage Tanks Clean-up Using Biosurfactants and Investigation of the Synergistic Effect with Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Abadshapouri Reyhaneh Azodi , Amani Hossein , Hajimohammadi Reza , Soltani Hadi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this study, the synergistic effect of silica nanoparticle and biosurfactants on oil storage tank clean up was investigated. Rhamnolipid, saponin and silica nanoparticles were used to recover oil from refinery oily sludge in laboratory experiments. From our results, the optimum HLB value for the extraction process was about 10.5 for the mixture of 62.5% of rhamnolipid and 37.5% of saponin. Our results also showed that the simultaneous use of the biosurfactants and nanoparticles results in a synergistic effect that significantly enhances the process efficiency. Maximum yield of oil residual was obtained about 4% at the optimum condition (HLB value of 10.5 for mixture of the biosurfactants and 3 g/l of silica nanoparticles). The results of present study showed that this method has the potential for industrial applications and may be used in oil recovery from oily sludge.
Stability of the PEG Fatty Acid Glycerides Based O/W Emulsions
Authors: Wang Zihan , Lin Liangliang , Xu Hujun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the present work, oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion systems were prepared by using the PEG-7 lauric acid glycerides as the emulsifiers and the liquid paraffin as the oil phase. The influence of processing parameters such as emulsification temperature, stirring speed, emulsifier concentration, oil-water volume ratio and polymer addition on the stability of the emulsion systems was investigated. In order to determine the optimal conditions for the preparation of the emulsion systems based on PEG-7 lauric acid glycerides, a laser drop size analyser and a rotational rheometer were used. As the stability of the O/W emulsion systems increased, the average droplet size of the O/W emulsions measured by the laser droplet size analyser became smaller and the viscosity, storage modulus and loss modulus of the O/W emulsions measured by the rotational rheometer became larger. The following optimal conditions were determined in this study: emulsification temperature 80°C, stirring speed 500 r/min, emulsifier concentration 5 wt%, oil-water volume ratio 1:1 and added amount of xanthan gum 0.2 wt%. The droplet morphology of the O/W emulsion prepared under the optimal conditions, which was characterised by a super high magnification microscope, is small. Furthermore, the long-term stability of the emulsion system prepared under the optimal conditions was investigated over a period of time (4 weeks). The O/W emulsion proves to be well stable even after 4 weeks, with a water separation rate of 0%.
La muerte del Ruiseñor, de Carlos Martín Briceño: espacio textual de confluencia entre la escritura autoficticia y la novela metafictiva
Authors: Vadillo Buenfil Carlos 
Published: July 2021

En este artículo analizamos La muerte del Ruiseñor de Carlos Martín Briceño como una autoficción biográfica con trazos metanovelescos, en suma, como una creación auto-metaficcional. El procedimiento compositivo de la novela parte de datos reales y verosímiles, un escritor que transmite sus rasgos identitarios a un autor que es protagonista de su historia imaginada. A este recurso se suman las confesiones íntimas y las preocupaciones del proceso escritural de la novela que el autor ficticio elabora sobre el trovador yucateco Guty Cárdenas, protagonista histórico que revela homologías con el novelista empírico y el novelista fingido del relato.
Los mecanismos narrativos aludidos nos escoran a considerar la ópera prima del escritor meridano desde la perspectiva de la auto-metanovela.
María Zambrano y la quimera
Authors: Muñoz Covarrubias Pablo 
Published: July 2021

María Zambrano and the Chimera
During her career as a philosopher, writer and thinker, María Zambrano once and again portrayed literature as a special space for her research. In that sense, she investigated the principal traits belonging to the razón poética in several genres such as poetry and fiction. The purpose of the following pages is to investigate the way in which she read and recreated literary works chiefly by Miguel de Cervantes and Benito Pérez Galdós. Her literary criticism is anchored to metaphoric symbolism. One of her most recurrent symbols is the chimera. The chimera becomes an indispensable and ambiguous image in her analysis of Don Quixote and Misericordia.
Key Words: María Zambrano, Literary Criticism, Razón Poética, Cervantes, Pérez Galdós
Misticismo y escritura en el Tractatus logico-philosophicus
Authors: Hernández Martínez Laura Adriana 
Published: July 2021

En este ensayo se plantea que la escritura filosófica de Wittgenstein es una escritura mística, que es heredera de la filosofía mística alemana, iniciada por Böhme y posteriormente desarrollada por los místicos barrocos, entre quienes destaca Angelus Silesius, a quien Witgenstein leyó en el frente austríaco, durante la Primera Guerra Mundial. Dicha influencia se aprecia de manera muy clara en la expresión aforística del Tractatus logico-philosophicus, que recupera la poética paradójica y sintética de los epigramas de Angelus Silesius, en la exposición del análisis lógico del lenguaje, que distingue entre aquello que se puede decir y lo que sólo se puede mostrar en el lenguaje.
Palabras clave: Wittgenstein, Silesius, mística, escritura filosófica, trascendencia
Development of Scrabble CTPS as a Health Promotion Media for Elementary School Students in Malang
Authors: Samara Rufaidah As , Adi Sapto , Ratih Suci Puspita 
Published: July 2021

Background: Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) are often suffered by the child's age group. In 2018, the prevalence of national-scale ISPA decreased. Nevertheless, the prevalence of ISPA in Malang continues to increase and always ranks first in diseases with the highest prevalence compared to other diseases. The prevalence of ISPA in Malang in 2018 increased by 19.273 cases from the prevalence in 2013. Air pollution such as cigarette smoke and poor health behaviors such as wrong hand washing are the main causes of ISPA. Not only ISPA, wrong hand washing behavior can also cause a variety of other health problems. Therefore, education is needed related to the prevention of ISPA, especially related to CTPS (Cuci Tangan Pakai Sabun/Hand Washing with Soap) in children, by using effective media used as educational aids, such as scrabble. Method: The development method uses modifications from the Sugiyono development method (2013). Media validation was conducted by three experts and trials were conducted to two different target groups. The interventions given to the target are scrabble CTPS and assessment sheet filling. Result: Scrabble CTPS validation by public health experts gets 80% results, validation by media development experts gets 85% results, and validation by classroom teachers gets 96.92% results. While the calculation of trial scoring in small groups obtained results of 100% and trials in large groups obtained results of 98,31%. Conclusion: Scrabble CTPS are well worth using as a health promotion media for Hand Washing with Soap (CTPS) in elementary school students, especially in Grade V students.
KEY WORDS: ARI; CTPS; scrabble
Соборы в пустыне или опорные базы? Типология населенных пунктов Российской Арктики по характеру взаимосвязи с окружающей территорией
Authors: Гончаров Руслан Вячеславович , Данькин Максим Андреевич , Замятина Надежда Юрьевна , Молодцова Варвара Александровна 
Published: July 2021

Впервые разработана типология населенных пунктов Арктической зоны Российской Федерации с численностью населения более 500 человек. Типология основана на оценке характера связи населенных пунктов с окружающей территорией. В силу недостатка статистических данных в основу работы положены косвенные количественные и качественные показатели.
В их числе особенности транспортно-географического положения, место населенного пункта в системе расселения, потенциал развития добывающей промышленности, качественные параметры культурно-досуговой сферы, характеристика сферы высшего образования как драйвера инновационного развития, а также индекс дискомфортности окружающей среды как фоновый фактор, ограничивающий потенциал социально-экономического развития поселений. В результате анализа были выделены восемь типов арктических населенных пунктов. Основу системы расселения составляют опорные населенные пункты, выполняющие функции центров обслуживания арктических территорий разного масштаба (ключевые многофункциональные центры): арктические столицы (1) и арктические субцентры (2). В зоне влияния более крупных городов находятся населенные пункты субпериферии (3) и привилегированной периферии (4), обладающие относительно хорошей транспортной доступностью и насыщенной сферой услуг, а также «обделенной» периферии (5). К последней относятся города и поселки, хотя и расположенные на транспортных путях, но отличающиеся низким качеством среды (из-за небольшого спектра доступных в них услуг для таких населенных пунктов уместно название «обделенной» периферии, в функциональном отношении это в большинстве классические рабочие поселки при том или ином предприятии). В удаленных и преимущественно бездорожных районах Арктики находятся удаленные субрегиональные центры (6) — небольшие по численности населения города и поселки, предоставляющие населению окружающей территории (как правило, в масштабе одного или нескольких муниципальных районов) минимально необходимый набор услуг, который важен с точки зрения обеспечения элементарной базы хозяйственного освоения. Также выделены поселкиизоляты в районах реализации ресурсных проектов (7) и автономные поселки-изоляты (8). Разработанная типология позволяет предварительно оценить перспективы социально-экономического развития, сильные и слабые стороны большинства населенных пунктов Российской Арктики. При этом конкретные управленческие решения, безусловно, должны приниматься по результатам дополнительных экспертных оценок и обсуждения с местными сообществами.
CERRAHİ REZEKSİYON YAPILAN KÜÇÜK HÜCRELİ DIŞI AKCİĞER KANSERLİ KADIN HASTALARDA SAĞKALIMA ETKİ EDEN PROGNOSTİK FAKTÖRLER
Authors: AKER Cemal , SEZEN Celal Buğra , DOGRU Mustafa Vedat , DEMİRKOL Ece Yasemin , ERDUHAN Semih , ERK Melek , SÖNMEZOĞLU Yaşar , SAYDAM Özkan , CANSEVER Levent , METİN Muzaffer 
Published: July 2021

Amaç
Bu çalışmadaki amacımız, küçük hücreli dışı akciğer
kanseri (KHDAK) nedeniyle rezeksiyon uygulanmış
hastalarda prognostik faktörlerin cinsiyete bağlı olarak
etkilerinin ve kadınlarda sağkalıma etki eden faktörlerin
literatür eşliğinde değerlendirilmesidir.
Gereç ve Yöntem
Çalışmaya Ocak 2007-Aralık 2018 yılları arasında
hastanemizde KHDAK nedeniyle akciğer rezeksiyonu
uygulanmış hastalar dahil edilmiştir.1491 hasta çalışmaya
dahil edilmiştir.
Bulgular
Hastaların ortalama yaşı 60,0±8,41 (aralık:26-84)
yıl idi. 1324 (%88,8) erkek hasta, 167 (%11,2) kadın
hasta çalışmada mevcuttu. 406 (%27,2) hastaya
pnömonektomi, 1077 (%72,2) hastaya lobektomi ve 8
hastaya (%0,5) segmentektomi yapılmıştır. Ortalama
5 yıllık sağkalım süresi % 57.5 idi. Çalışmada kadın
hastaların 5 yıllık sağkalım oranı %66,8 iken erkeklerde
%56,4 idi (p=0.005). pN2 durumu değerlendirildiğinde
5 yıllık sağkalım oranı %34,3 iken, pN0 olan
hastalarda sağkalım oranı %64,1 olarak saptanmıştır(
p
Prognostic significance of CD204 and IDO1 expression in esophageal tumors
Authors: Kovaleva O. V. , Rashidova O. V. , Mochalnikova V. V. , Samoilova D. V. , Podlesnaya P. A. , Gratchev A. N. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Cancer of the esophagus ranks sixth in mortality among malignant neoplastic diseases. To understand the molecular mechanisms of its progression, it is necessary to study not only tumor cells directly, but also cells of the microenvironment. In this work, we studied tumor-associated macrophages and their different phenotypes using membrane protein, indoleamine 2,3‑dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) as a marker for type 1 macrophages and macrophage scavenger receptor (CD204) as a marker for type 2 macrophages.The objective of this work was to study the expression of IDO1 and CD204 in tumors of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus and to assess its prognostic value.Materials and methods. The study included tumor samples obtained from 48 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. The expression of CD204 and IDO1 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Survival analysis was carried out by constructing survival curves using the Kaplan–Meier method. Comparison of the significance of differences was performed using the logarithmic rank test. Differences were considered statistically significant at p <0.05.Results. We analyzed the expression of CD204 and IDO1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tumors. Expression of CD204 was detected in stromal macrophages in 100 % of cases and was not detected in tumor cells. We have shown that in esophageal cancer, IDO1 is expressed in both stromal and tumor cells. In tumor cells, the expression of IDO1 was found in 44 % of the samples, in stromal cells, IDO1 was expressed in 92 % of cases. No association with clinical and morphological characteristics was observed for CD204 in stromal cells and IDO1 in tumor cells. For IDO1 expressed in stromal cells, an association with the stage of the disease (p = 0.0450) and the presence of regional metastases (p = 0.0279) was observed. Survival analysis showed that CD204 is a marker of a favorable prognosis for esophageal cancer (hazard ratio 0.455, p = 0.0419).Conclusion. This study has shown that the expression of IDO1 in the tumor stroma is associated with more favorable clinical characteristics. It has also been shown that an increased content of CD204+ macrophages is a marker of a good prognosis for esophageal cancer.
Childhood poisoning causes and prevention; eight years of our rural hospital experience from South India
Authors: Malar Ilango , Dorthy V. , Newtonraj Ariarathinam 
Published: July 2021

Poisoning is a significant public health problem, globally as well as in India.1 Poisoning among adults are mostly suicidal whereas among children are accidental in nature.2 In India, childhood poisoning is usually under reported as there is no proper surveillance system is available India and only hospital based data are available.2,3We report our experience from a remote rural hospital from South India after getting institute ethical committee clearance for dissemination of data (Ref no. RC 18/55). We extracted the data of under-five children poisoning cases from poisoning register maintained in the hospital for the period of past eight years from 1st January 2012 to 31st December 2019. Total of 21 childhood poisoning were reported among them 12 (57%) were male and 9 (43%) were female. Most common poisoning was due to kerosene (8(38%)) followed by laundry bleaching detergent locally known as ‘Ala’ 5 (23%), pesticide poison 2 (10%), eucalyptus oil poisoning 2 (10%) and others like ant killer poisoning tablets overdose were 4 (19%).In children, poisoning are accidental nature and the amount consumed may also be less as the child has tendency for aversion due to smell and taste whereas in suicidal (deliberate poisoning) the dose will be higher to cause permanent damage and death.2 But unlike other poisoning a peculiar finding on reported eucalyptus oil poisoning was, in both cases eucalyptus oil was given to the children to consume as a medicine to cure respiratory tract infection and both of them presented with seizure and unconsciousness. Eucalyptus oil is advice as a topical medicine in the indigenous system of medicine but not as a parenteral medicine.4 In a place like India where there are prevailing false cultural beliefs, there is a need to educate and guide the people on misuse of medicines without proper advice, especially among children. A higher dose of eucalyptus oil poisoning may even result in death.5,6 Another important observation was bleaching detergent poisoning which is not properly reported other major studies from India, but this poisoning is the second most commonest among under-five children.2,3 This poison is an oxidizer and a corrosive in nature and on accidental ingestion may result in minor to transient adverse event with no sequelae in majority of cases.7
Pengaruh Tomat Sambung Pada Intensitas Penyakit Layu Bakteri (Ralstonia solanacearum), Komponen Hasil Produksi, dan Kualitas Buah
Authors: Lisa Navitasari  , Joko Tri , Murti Rudi Hari , Arwiyanto Triwidodo 
Published: July 2021

Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) is one of soil borne pathogens causes bacterial wilt diseases and R. solanacearum is difficult to control because it has a long survival in the soil and have many hosts alternatives. One alternative to control R. solanacearum and to increase productivity is by using grating with combination of resistant varieties of tomato as a rootstock and high production varieties of tomato as a scion. Several studies on grafting to suppress R. solanacearum were reported. However, study on grafting with combination between resistant tomato varieties (Amelia H7996) and high-production tomato varieties with R. solanacearum infestation and without R. solanacearum infestation on the component of yield and fruit quality is limited. The study aims to analyze the effect of grafting with R. solanacearum infestation to the intensity of bacterial wilt disease, component of yield, and fruit quality with R. solanacearum infestation and without R. solanacearum infestation. The result indicated that the intensity of bacterial wilt disease on grafted tomato did not significantly different from resistant rootstock but significantly different from scion. Infestation of R. solanacearum on grafted tomato can decreased the plant productivity that decreased the component of yield on grafted tomato. R. solanacearum infestation also decreased the fruit quality on diameters and fruit firmness. Nevertheless, R. solanacearum did not affect the Total soluble solid/TSS (°Brix). TSS on grafted tomato indicated that the value is taller than rootstock in the field with R. solanacearum infestation and in the field without R. solanacearum infestation.

Keywords: fruit quality, productivity, Rasltonia solanacearum, tomato grafted
A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL EFFECTS OF CANCER PATIENTS AND ITS IMPACTS ON QUALITY OF LIFE
Authors: Rehan  , Alam Intikhab , Khan Younas , Hanan Fazal , UrRahman Habib 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of the study: The present study explores the social effects of cancer patients and their impacts on their quality of life (QoL).
Methodology: A cross-sectional based study was conducted in district Dir lower from a cancer patient (n=155). A structured questionnaire technique was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were carried out for both variables, i.e. dependent variable (QoL) and independent variable (Social effects of cancer patients).
Principal Findings: Among all 155 sampled respondents, 75.5% were male, having 42.6% had age group of 26-40 years, 79.9% were married, 47.1% were literate, and 32.3% were dependent on family members on economic terms. However, the perceptions of cancer patients with regards to social effects of Cancer majority 76.8% were proclaimed that social support decline cancer illness, 71% stated that religious doctrine gives spiritual healings, 70.3% dismantled that after cancer family supports us, 45.2% were reported that Cancer is a fatalistic disease, and 51.6% proclaimed that preference is given to male over a female concerning cancer disease respectively.
Applications of this study: Cancer affects social life, especially domestic affairs; however, this study was not primarily identified cancer diagnoses parameters due to the cross-sectional and perception nature of the study. A longitudinal follow-up study is the order of the day to determine whether there is any link between sociological and Cancer contexts.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This study is an attempt to insight into the sociological exploration of cancer patients effects through perceptional based research methodology/ Likert Scale procedure along with quantitative research design to measure the association between the aforementioned variable above with an amalgamation of an addition in the field of medical sociology.