bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tetraquark state X(6900) and the interaction between diquark and antidiquark
Authors: Ke Hong-Wei , Han Xin , Liu Xiao-Hai , Shi Yan-Liang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecently LHCb declared a new structure X(6900) in the final state di-$$J/\psi $$

J
/
ψ

which is popularly regarded as a cc-$$\bar{c}\bar{c}$$

c

¯

c

¯

tetraquark state. Within the Bethe–Salpeter (B–S) framework we study the possible cc-$$\bar{c}\bar{c}$$

c

¯

c

¯

bound states and the interaction between diquark (cc) and antidiquark ($$\bar{c}\bar{c}$$

c

¯

c

¯

). In this work cc ($$\bar{c}\bar{c}$$

c

¯

c

¯

) is treated as a color anti-triplet (triplet) axial-vector so the quantum numbers of cc-$$\bar{c}\bar{c}$$

c

¯

c

¯

bound state are $$0^+$$

0
+

, $$1^+$$

1
+

and $$2^+$$

2
+

. Learning from the interaction in meson case and using the effective coupling we suggest the interaction kernel for the diquark and antidiquark system. Then we deduce the B–S equations for different quantum numbers. Solving these equations numerically we find the spectra of some excited states can be close to the mass of X(6900) when we assign appropriate values for parameter $$\kappa $$
κ
introduced in the interaction (kernel). We also briefly calculate the spectra of bb-$$\bar{b}\bar{b}$$

b

¯

b

¯

bound states. Future measurement of bb-$$\bar{b}\bar{b}$$

b

¯

b

¯

state will help us to determine the exact form of effective interaction.
Tungsten plasma density and temperature time analysis using 1.064 $$\upmu $$m nanosecond dual-pulse laser
Authors: Gromelski Wojciech , Gasior Pawel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe information about time evolution of plasma electron temperature and density plays a fundamental role in numerous physics-related sciences. For CF DP-LIBS (calibration-free double-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy), not only may it serve to minimize the impact on the investigated sample, but also to optimize the laser and spectral parameters, or even to pave the way for real-time chemical analysis of the sample. To evaluate this impact and describe the plasma time behavior, electron temperature and density are calculated for plasma induced by double-pulse Nd:YAG laser with various (0–500 ns) inter-pulse delays. The parameters are calculated using various methods, such as Stark broadening, Boltzmann plot and Saha equation to provide complementary calculations for comparison. To ensure validity of the results, calibration of the measurement setup was performed. In the work, tungsten samples are investigated, because the W is chosen as the preferred material for plasma-facing components in future fusion devices such as ITER. Since LIBS method will be used to monitor tritium retention in ITER, the results may be utilized to improve the diagnostics.
Repeated radiation damage and thermal annealing of avalanche photodiodes
Authors: DSouza Ian , Bourgoin Jean-Philippe , Higgins Brendon L. , Lim Jin Gyu , Tannous Ramy , Agne Sascha , Moffat Brian , Makarov Vadim , Jennewein Thomas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAvalanche photodiodes (APDs) are well-suited for single-photon detection on quantum communication satellites as they are a mature technology with high detection efficiency without requiring cryogenic cooling. They are, however, prone to significantly increased thermal noise caused by in-orbit radiation damage. Previous work demonstrated that a one-time application of thermal annealing reduces radiation-damage-induced APD thermal noise. Here we examine the effect of cyclical proton irradiation and thermal annealing. We use an accelerated testing environment which emulates a realistic two-year operating profile of a satellite in low-Earth-orbit. We show that repeated thermal annealing is effective at maintaining thermal noise of silicon APDs within a range suitable for quantum key distribution throughout the nominal mission life, and beyond. We examine two strategies—annealing at a fixed period of time, and annealing only when the thermal noise exceeds a pre-defined limit. We find both strategies exhibit similar thermal noise at end-of-life, with a slight overall advantage to annealing conditionally. We also observe that afterpulsing probability of the detector increases with cumulative proton irradiation. This knowledge helps guide design and tasking decisions for future space-borne quantum communication applications.
Geochemical, petrographic, and stratigraphic analyses of the Portage Lake Volcanics of the Keweenawan CFBP: implications for the evolution of main stage volcanism in continental flood basalt provinces
Authors: Davis William Ray , Collins M. A. , Rooney T. O. , Brown E. L. , Stein C. A. , Stein S. , Moucha R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Continental flood basalt provinces (CFBPs) are large igneous features formed by the extrusion of massive amounts of lavas that require significant evolution within the lithosphere. Although sequential lava flows are effective probes of magmatic systems, CFBPs are typically poorly preserved. We focus on lava flows from the well-preserved 1.1 Ga Keweenawan CFBP that erupted within the Midcontinent Rift System. We present a new geochemical, petrographic, and stratigraphic synthesis from the Main stage Portage Lake Volcanics (PLV). Flow-by-flow analysis of the PLV reveals that major element behaviour is decoupled from trace element behaviour; MgO exhibits limited variability, while compatible and incompatible trace elements deviate from high to low concentrations throughout the sequence. The concentrations of incompatible trace elements slightly decrease from the base of the sequence to the top. We investigate these observations by applying a recharge, evacuation, assimilation and fractional crystallization model to geochemical and petrographic data. Our modelling demonstrates a magmatic system experiencing increased evacuation rates while fractionation and assimilation rates decrease, indicating an increase in magmatic flux. The outcome of this modelling is a progressively more efficient magma system within the PLV. This study highlights the utility of joint petrographic and geochemical interpretation in constraining CFBP magma evolution.
A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Dietary Intake and Nutritional Status of Patients on Haemodialysis Maintenance Therapy in a Country of Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Gityamwi Nyangi A. , H. Hart Kathryn , Engel Barbara 
Published: May 2021

Malnutrition is common among dialysis patients, but there is insufficient literature on the problem from resource-poor settings of the sub-Saharan region. We conducted a cross-sectional investigation of dietary intake and nutritional status of haemodialysis (HD) patients to inform the current status of this population group in the region. HD patients aged ≥18 years, with dialysis vintage of ≥3 months, at one nephrology unit in Tanzania were assessed for their habitual diet and nutrient intake. Anthropometric measures and biochemistry tests were also performed. The diet was predominantly starchy food based, accompanied by a limited selection of vegetables. Fruits and animal protein were also minimally consumed (1 portion/day each). Fruit consumption was higher in females than males (median (25th, 75th) = 2 (1, 2.3) versus 0.5 (0, 1.7) portions,

p

= 0.008). More than 70% of participants had suboptimal measures for protein and energy intake, dietary iron, serum albumin, muscle mass, and hand grip strength (HGS). Inadequacies in protein and energy intake and dialysis clearance (URR) increased with the increase in body weight/BMI and other specific components (MAMC and FMI). Consumption of red meats correlated significantly and positively with serum creatinine (r = 0.46,

p

= 0.01), potassium (r = 0.39,

p

= 0.03), and HGS (r = 0.43,

p

= 0.02) and was approaching significance for a correlation with serum iron (r = 0.32,

p

= 0.07). C-RP correlated negatively with albumin concentration (r = −0.32,

p

= 0.02), and participants with C-RP within acceptable ranges had significantly higher levels of haemoglobin (

p

= 0.03, effect size = −0.28). URR correlated negatively with haemoglobin concentration (r = −0.36,

p

= 0.02). Patients will benefit from improved nutritional services that deliver individually tailored and culturally practical dietary advice to enable them to make informed food choices whilst optimizing disease management.
In Vitro and In Vivo Survey of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Acorus calamus (Sweet Flag) Rhizome on Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Nikkhoo Maryam , Asgari Qasem , Moein Mahmood Reza , Yaghoobi Kambiz , Gholipour Abbas 
Published: May 2021

Background. Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis disease that can cause a variety range of manifestations in human specially fetus duration and immunodeficiency conditions. Due to toxicity and side effects of current treatment, we evaluated in vivo and in vitro effects of ethyl acetate extract of Acorus calamus rhizomes (rootstocks) on Toxoplasma gondii. Methods. The plant, Acorus calamus, was collected from Sari, North of Iran in spring season. Ethyl acetate extract was provided from plant rhizomes using Soxhlet apparatus. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extract were measured by the Folin–Ciocalteu method. The mortality effect of different concentrations (1-256 μg/ml) of the extract on Toxoplasma tachyzoites was assessed by flowcytometry and propidium iodide staining. For the therapeutic effect assessment, the tachyzoites were inoculated intraperitoneally to mice, and then these mice were orally and intraperitoneally administered different concentrations (32, 64, 128, and 256 mg/kg) of the extract. Also, an infected group received PBS including DMSO 1% as negative control, and an infected group administered sulfadiazine as positive control. For toxicity evaluation of this extract, a group only received dose 256 mg/kg. Results. The plant extract was rich of phenolic compounds (

41.27
±
0.21

mg
/
g

), whereas it contained fewer amounts of flavonoids (

4.79
±
0.01

mg
/
g

). Results of in vitro experiments showed that there is an inverse relationship between the concentrations and the mortality of the parasites (

I

C

50

=
200.01
±
7.74

μ
g
/
ml

). The highest percentage (62%) of dead tachyzoites was seen at maximum concentration of the extract. A significant longevity (8.9 days) was belonged to mice orally administered extract dose (256 mg/kg/day).Conclusion. The ethyl acetate extract of A. calamus rhizomes had significant anti-Toxoplasma activities either in vitro or in vivo. It may be connected to high amount of phenolic compounds. We suggest that the effects of different fractions and the admin types of the extract will be evaluated on the parasite.
Blocking Wnt/β-catenin Signal Amplifies Anti-PD-1 Therapeutic Efficacy by Inhibiting Tumor Growth, Migration, and Promoting Immune Infiltration in Glioblastomas
Authors: Zhang Hui , Bi Yongyan , Wei Yuxi , Liu Jiayang , Kuerban Kudelaidi , Ye Li 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM), as the immunologically cold tumor, respond poorly to programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitors because of insufficient immune infiltration. Herein, through the analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas data and clinical glioma samples, we found Wnt/β-catenin signal was activated in GBM and inversely related to the degree of immune cell (CD8+) infiltration and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. Blockade of Wnt/β-catenin signal could inhibit GBM U118 cells' growth and migration, and upregulate their PD-L1 expression which indicated the possible better response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Besides, in a co-culture system comprising U118 cells and Jurkat cells, Wnt inhibition alleviated Jurkat cell's apoptosis and enhanced its cytotoxic function as evidenced by obviously increased effector cytokine IFNγ secretion and lactate dehydrogenase release. Moreover, the enhanced anti-GBM effect of PD-1 antibody triggered by Wnt inhibition was observed in GL261 homograft mouse model, and the upregulation of immune cell (CD4+/CD8+) infiltration and IFNγ secretion in tumor tissues suggested that Wnt/β-catenin inhibition could inflame cold tumor and then sensitize GBM to PD-1 blockade therapy. Taken together, our study verified the blockade of Wnt/β-catenin signal could augment the efficacy of PD-1 blockade therapy on GBM through directly inhibiting tumor proliferation and migration, as well as facilitating T-cell infiltration and PD-L1 expression in tumor microenvironment.
Alcohol Consumption Reduction and Clinical Outcomes of Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Takahashi Yoshihide , Nitta Junichi , Kobori Atsushi , Sakamoto Yuichiro , Nagata Yasutoshi , Tanimoto Kojiro , Matsuo Seiichiro , Yamane Teiichi , Morita Norishige , Satomi Kazuhiro , Inaba Osamu , Murata Kazuya , Sasaki Yasuhiro , Yoshimoto Daisuke , Kaneko Masakazu , Tanimoto Yoko , Isogai Ryota , Yamashita Seigo , Sato Hiroyuki , Hanazawa Ryoichi , Hirakawa Akihiro , Goya Masahiko , Sasano Tetsuo 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Abstinence from alcohol is effective for reduction of atrial fibrillation (AF) burden. However, effects of alcohol abstinence on clinical outcomes of catheter ablation for AF remain unknown. We sought to assess association of alcohol consumption reduction with clinical outcomes of catheter ablation for AF.

Methods:
In this multicenter prospective observational study, consecutive patients undergoing catheter ablation for AF were enrolled. All patients were requested to limit alcohol consumption to <20 g/wk after the ablation. The primary end point was AF/atrial tachycardia (AT) recurrence-free survival without antiarrhythmic drugs beyond a 3-month blanking period. Percent reduction of alcohol consumption from baseline to 1-year postablation, if freed from AF/AT for 1-year, or to AF/AT recurrence was assessed. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to assess the association of the percent reduction of alcohol consumption with AF/AT recurrence-free survival as well as to determine the cutoff value for the percent reduction of alcohol consumption that yielded the largest difference in AF/AT recurrence-free survival.

Results:

Of 3474 patients enrolled in this study, analysis was performed in 1720 patients who consumed alcohol regularly before ablation (64±10 years, male 88%, paroxysmal AF 55.9%, persistent AF 31.6%, longstanding persistent AF 12.5%). Median baseline alcohol consumption was 140 g/wk (interquartile range, 70–280 g). Alcohol consumption during 1-year follow-up decreased to a median of 70 g (interquartile range, 13–162 g;
P
<0.0001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that alcohol reduction of ≥1% from baseline to 1-year follow-up (median reduction, 75% [interquartile range, 45%–100%]) was associated with lower risk of AF/AT recurrence (hazard ratio, 0.630 [95% C, 0.518–0.768],
P
<0.001), compared with alcohol reduction of <1% (median, 0% [interquartile range, −20% to 0%]).

Conclusions:
This study suggests that abstinence from alcohol improves clinical outcomes of catheter ablation for AF.
Natural History of Arrhythmia After Successful Isolation of Pulmonary Veins, Left Atrial Posterior Wall, and Superior Vena Cava in Patients With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: A Multi‐Center Experience
Authors: Mohanty Sanghamitra , Trivedi Chintan , Horton Pamela , Della Rocca Domenico G. , Gianni Carola , MacDonald Bryan , Mayedo Angel , Sanchez Javier , Gallinghouse G. Joseph , Al‐Ahmad Amin , Horton Rodney P. , Burkhardt J. David , Dello Russo Antonio , Casella Michela , Tondo Claudio , Themistoclakis Sakis , Forleo Giovanni , Di Biase Luigi , Natale Andrea 
Published: May 2021

Background
We evaluated long‐term outcome of isolation of pulmonary veins, left atrial posterior wall, and superior vena cava, including time to recurrence and prevalent triggering foci at repeat ablation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation with or without cardiovascular comorbidities.

Methods and Results

A total of 1633 consecutive patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation that were arrhythmia‐free for 2 years following the index ablation were classified into: group 1 (without comorbidities); n=692 and group 2 (with comorbidities); n=941. We excluded patients with documented ablation of areas other than pulmonary veins, the left atrial posterior wall, and the superior vena cava at the index procedure. At 10 years after an average of 1.2 procedures, 215 (31%) and 480 (51%) patients had recurrence with median time to recurrence being 7.4 (interquartile interval [IQI] 4.3–8.5) and 5.6 (IQI 3.8–8.3) years in group 1 and 2, respectively. A total of 201 (93.5%) and 456 (95%) patients from group 1 and 2 underwent redo ablation; 147/201 and 414/456 received left atrial appendage and coronary sinus isolation and 54/201 and 42/456 had left atrial lines and flutter ablation. At 2 years after the redo, 134 (91.1%) and 391 (94.4%) patients from group 1 and 2 receiving left atrial appendage/coronary sinus isolation remained arrhythmia‐free whereas sinus rhythm was maintained in 4 (7.4%) and 3 (7.1%) patients in respective groups undergoing empirical lines and flutter ablation (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
Very late recurrence of atrial fibrillation after successful isolation of pulmonary veins, regardless of the comorbidity profile, was majorly driven by non‐pulmonary vein triggers and ablation of these foci resulted in high success rate. However, presence of comorbidities was associated with significantly earlier recurrence.
Gross Discrepancies between Observed and Simulated Twentieth-to-Twenty-First-Century Precipitation Trends in Southeastern South America
Authors: Varuolo-Clarke Arianna M. , Smerdon Jason E. , Williams A. Park , Seager Richard 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSoutheastern South America (SESA; encompassing Paraguay, southern Brazil, Uruguay, and northern Argentina) experienced a 27% increase in austral summer precipitation from 1902 to 2019, one of the largest observed trends in seasonal precipitation globally. Previous research identifies Atlantic multidecadal variability and anthropogenic forcing from stratospheric ozone depletion and greenhouse gas emissions as key factors contributing to the positive precipitation trends in SESA. We analyze multimodel ensemble simulations from phases 5 and 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) and find that not only do Earth system models simulate positive SESA precipitation trends that are much weaker over the historical interval, but some models persistently simulate negative SESA precipitation trends under historical forcings. Similarly, 16-member ensembles from two atmospheric models forced with observed historical sea surface temperatures never simulate precipitation trends that even reach the lower bound of the observed trend’s range of uncertainty. Moreover, while future twenty-first-century projections from CMIP6 yield positive ensemble mean precipitation trends over SESA that grow with increasing greenhouse gas emissions, the mean forced response never exceeds the observed historical trend. Preindustrial control runs from CMIP6 indicate that some models do occasionally simulate centennial-scale trends in SESA that fall within the observational range, but most models do not. Results point to significant uncertainties in the attribution of anthropogenically forced influences on the observed increases in precipitation over SESA while also suggesting that internal decadal-to-centennial variability of unknown origin and not present in state-of-the-art models may have also played a large role in generating the twentieth-to-twenty-first-century SESA precipitation trend.
Evaluation of the in situ Sea Surface Temperature Quality Control in the NOAA in situ SST Quality Monitor (iQuam) System
Authors: Zhang Haifeng , Ignatov Alexander , Hinshaw Dean 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn situ sea surface temperature (SST) measurements play a critical role in the calibration/validation (Cal/Val) of satellite SST retrievals and ocean data assimilation. However, their quality is not always optimal, and proper quality control (QC) is required before they can be used with confidence. The in situ SST Quality Monitor (iQuam) system was established at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in 2009, initially to support the Cal/Val of NOAA satellite SST products. It collects in situ SST data from multiple sources, performs uniform QC, monitors the QC’ed data online, and distributes it to users. In this study, the iQuam QC is compared with other QC methods available in some of the in situ data ingested in iQuam. Overall, the iQuam QC performs well on daily-to-monthly time scales over most global oceans and under a wide variety of environmental conditions. However, it may be less accurate in the daytime a when pronounced diurnal cycle is present, and in dynamic regions, due to the strong reliance on the “reference SST check”, which employs daily low-resolution level 4 (L4) analyses with no diurnal cycle resolved. The iQuam “performance history check”, applied to all in situ platforms, is an effective alternative to the customary “black/gray” lists, available only for some platforms (e.g., drifters and Argo floats). In the future, iQuam QC will be upgraded (e.g., using improved reference field(s), with enhanced temporal and spatial resolutions). More comparisons with external QC methods will be performed to learn and employ the best QC practices.
Needle in the Haystack: Wire Bristle Foreign Body Presenting Deep Within the Tongue Base
Authors: Tripuraneni Priyanka , Wu Eric L. , Gao William Z. , Davidson Bruce J. , Giurintano Jonathan P. 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: To report a case of ingested wire bristle embedded within the extrinsic musculature of the tongue requiring a transcervical approach for removal and to provide a revised algorithm for the management of ingested wire bristles. Methods: The clinical record of 1 patient who ingested a grill brush wire bristle was reviewed. A literature review was also conducted to refine a treatment algorithm for managing ingested wire bristles. Results: We present a case of a 53-year-old male who accidentally ingested a grill brush wire bristle. After multiple unsuccessful endoscopic attempts at removal, the wire bristle migrated deep into the extrinsic musculature of the tongue, necessitating a transcervical approach for adequate visualization and retrieval. Conclusions: This is the first case reported of a wire bristle migrating deep into the tongue musculature that was successfully removed via a transcervical approach. Our proposed algorithm provides a comprehensive approach to the management of ingested wire bristles, specifically in cases where endoscopic retrieval is not feasible.