bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Economic Impact of Extensor Tendon Lacerations of the Hand in the United States
Authors: Mehrzad Raman , Mookerjee Vikram , Schmidt Scott , Jehle Chris , Rao Vinay , Mehrzad Melorin , Liu Paul Y. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
Extensor tendon lacerations (ETLs) are a common and debilitating injury for thousands of Americans annually. No study has attempted to estimate their economic impact. The objective of this study was to estimate the economic impact of ETLs in America.

Methods
The cost of ETLs to society was estimated using a validated prevalence-based cost of illness model. The primary cohort was defined as all patients with complete ETLs in the United States undergoing surgical repair and, secondarily, the imputed number of patients requiring reoperation within 1 year. For these groups, both direct and indirect costs (lost income, missed workdays, and disability payments) were measured.

Results
The total annual direct medical costs amounted to $14,095.28 per injury and 100,000 population. The total annual indirect labor costs were found to range between $80,842.90 and $150,136.82 per injury and 100,000 population. Hence, the estimated total costs of ETLs are $307 million per year in the United States alone and could be as high as $531 million annually depending on the effects of worker absenteeism on the core production–based industries.

Conclusions
Extensor tendon lacerations incur a significant economic burden to our health care system and are more costly when compared with many other common hand conditions. Specifically, indirect costs are the major contributor toward the total cost these injuries incur on society, accounting for an upward of 91% of the total cost. These results suggest efforts be focused on improving rehabilitation protocols and treatments.

Level of Evidence
Level II—economic and decision analyses.
Navigation-Guided Nasal Endoscopy to Remove the Cavernous Venous Malformation of the Orbital Apex Through the Sphenoid Approach
Authors: Yao-Hua Wang , Jin-Hai Yu , Jun-Hua Hu , Qi-Hua Xu , Qing Huang , Pu-Ying Gan , An-An Wang , Hong-Fei Liao 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
To explore the feasibility of navigation-guided sinus endoscopy to remove the cavernous vascular malformation of the orbital apex through the sphenoid approach.

Methods:
A retrospective series of non-control cases were collected. From May 2012 to December 2019, patients with imaging findings of cavernous venous malformation in the orbital apex were collected at the Eye Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University. All patients underwent navigation guided sinusoscopy through the sphenoid approach to remove the cavernous venous malformation of the orbital apex. Analyze the changes of visual function and postoperative complications before and after operation.

Results:
Twelve patients were collected, including 3 males and 9 females aged between 32 and 59. In 3 patients without visual impairment, the postoperative visual function was still normal. The remaining 9 patients all had visual impairment. Among them, 3 patients had fully recovered normal visual function after operation, 2 patients had improved visual function compared with preoperative, and 4 patients had no change in postoperative visual acuity. There were no complications in 3 of the 12 patients, and 9 patients had transient limited intraocular rotation with mild limitation of diplopia after operation, and all returned to normal within 1 month after surgery.

Conclusion:
Navigation-guided sinus endoscopy through the sphenoid approach to remove the cavernous venous malformation of the orbital apex is an effective and feasible surgical method.
Towards non-invasive heart rate monitoring in free-ranging cetaceans: a unipolar suction cup tag measured the heart rate of trained Risso's dolphins
Authors: Aoki Kagari , Watanabe Yurie , Inamori Daiki , Funasaka Noriko , Sakamoto Kentaro Q. 
Published: June 2021

Heart rate monitoring in free-ranging cetaceans to understand their behavioural ecology and diving physiology is challenging. Here, we developed a simple, non-invasive method to monitor the heart rate of cetaceans in the field using an electrocardiogram-measuring device and a single suction cup equipped with an electrode. The unipolar suction cup was placed on the left lateral body surface behind the pectoral fin of Risso's dolphins (Grampus griseus) and a false killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens) in captivity; their heart rate was successfully monitored. We observed large heart rate oscillations corresponding to respiration in the motionless whales during surfacing (a false killer whale, mean 47 bpm, range 20–75 bpm; Risso's dolphins, mean ± s.d. 61 ± 15 bpm, range 28–120 bpm,n= 4 individuals), which was consistent with the sinus arrhythmia pattern (eupneic tachycardia and apneic bradycardia) observed in other cetaceans. Immediately after respiration, the heart rate rapidly increased to approximately twice that observed prior to the breath. Heart rate then gradually decreased at around 20–50 s and remained relatively constant until the next breath. Furthermore, we successfully monitored the heart rate of a free-swimming Risso's dolphin. The all-in-one suction cup device is feasible for field use without restraining animals and is helpful in further understanding the diving physiology of free-ranging cetaceans.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Measuring physiology in free-living animals (Part II)’.
Future trends in measuring physiology in free-living animals
Authors: Williams H. J. , Shipley J. Ryan , Rutz C. , Wikelski M. , Wilkes M. , Hawkes L. A. 
Published: June 2021

Thus far, ecophysiology research has predominantly been conducted within controlled laboratory-based environments, owing to a mismatch between the recording technologies available for physiological monitoring in wild animals and the suite of behaviours and environments they need to withstand, without unduly affecting subjects. While it is possible to record some physiological variables for free-living animals using animal-attached logging devices, including inertial-measurement, heart-rate and temperature loggers, the field is still in its infancy. In this opinion piece, we review the most important future research directions for advancing the field of ‘physiologging’ in wild animals, including the technological development that we anticipate will be required, and the fiscal and ethical challenges that must be overcome. Non-invasive, multi-sensor miniature devices are ubiquitous in the world of human health and fitness monitoring, creating invaluable opportunities for animal and human physiologging to drive synergistic advances. We argue that by capitalizing on the research efforts and advancements made in the development of human wearables, it will be possible to design the non-invasive loggers needed by ecophysiologists to collect accurate physiological data from free-ranging animals ethically and with an absolute minimum of impact. In turn, findings have the capacity to foster transformative advances in human health monitoring. Thus, we invite biomedical engineers and researchers to collaborate with the animal-tagging community to drive forward the advancements necessary to realize the full potential of both fields.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Measuring physiology in free-living animals (Part II)’.
Muriiphilus fusiformis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel non-marine bacterium belonging to the Roseobacter group, and reclassification of Maritimibacter lacisalsi (Zhong et al. 2015) as Muriicola lacisalsi gen. nov., comb. nov.
Authors: Wang Yu-Wen , Ren Wen-Ting , Xu Yuan-You , Zhang Xin-Qi 
Published: June 2021

An aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-sporulating, flagellated and spindle-like bacterium, designated HY14T, was isolated from a pickle-processing factory wastewater sample. The isolate chemoheterotrophically grew at 4–42 °C (optimum, 35 °C) and pH 5.5–9.0 (optimum, pH 6.0–6.5). Salt was required for growth (0.5–12 % NaCl, w/v). A deep brown and water-soluble uncharacterized pigment was produced when grown in certain media. The predominant fatty acids (>5 %) included C16 : 0, C18 : 1
ω7c, 11-methyl C18 : 1
ω7c and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c. The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, two unidentified aminolipids, two unidentified phospholipids, two unidentified glycolipids and five unknown lipids. The major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-10. Pairwise alignment based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain HY14T had the highest sequence similarity to genera

Maritimibacter

(95.61–96.05 %) and

Boseongicola

(95.82 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on core genome illustrated that strain HY14T formed a monophyletic lineage with members of the genus

Maritimibacter

in the clade of the

Roseobacter

group in the family Rhodobacteraeceae. The core-gene average amino acid identity used to define bacterial genera by a threshold of 60–80 % was calculated to be 68.56–76.5 % between HY14T and closely related taxa. Several genomic characteristics, such as carrying two RuBisCO-mediated pathways and different osmoprotectant transport pathways, exhibited the genotypic discrepancies of strain HY14T. Based on the polyphasic taxonomic characterization, strain HY14T is considered to represent a novel species of a novel genus belonging to the family Rhodobacteraeceae, for which the name Muriiphilus fusiformis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HY14T (=CGMCC 1.15973T=KCTC 52499T).

Maritimibacter lacisalsi

(Zhong et al. 2015) is considered to diverge from

Maritimibacter alkaliphilus

at the genus level, and should be reassigned as a novel genus, for which the name Muriicola lacisalsi gen. nov., comb. nov. is proposed.
A multiscale analysis of early flower development in Arabidopsis provides an
integrated view of molecular regulation and growth control
Authors: Refahi Yassin , Zardilis Argyris , Michelin Gaël , Wightman Raymond , Leggio Bruno , Legrand Jonathan , Faure Emmanuel , Vachez Laetitia , Armezzani Alessia , Risson Anne-Evodie , Zhao Feng , Das Pradeep , Prunet Nathanaël , Meyerowitz Elliot , Godin Christophe , Malandain Grégoire , Jönsson Henrik , Traas Jan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The link between gene regulation and morphogenesis of multicellular
organisms is a fundamental problem in biology. We address this question in the
floral meristem of Arabidopsis, which generates new
tissues and organs through complex changes in growth patterns. Starting from
high-resolution time-lapse images, we generated a comprehensive 4-D atlas of
early flower development including cell lineage, cellular growth rates and the
expression patterns of 28 regulatory genes. This information was introduced in
MorphoNet, a web-based open-access platform.
The application of mechanistic computational models indicated that the
molecular network based on the literature only explained a minority of the
expression patterns. This was substantially improved by adding single regulatory
hypotheses for individual genes. We next used the integrated information to
correlate growth with the combinatorial expression of multiple genes. This led
us to propose a set of hypotheses for the action of individual genes in
morphogenesis, not visible by simply correlating gene expression and growth.
This identified the central transcription factor
LEAFY as a potential regulator of heterogeneous
growth, which was supported by quantifying growth patterns in a
leafy mutant. By providing an integrated,
multiscale view of flower development, this atlas should represent a fundamental
step towards mechanistic multiscale-scale models of flower development.
Effectiveness of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection and Covid-19 hospitalization among Finnish elderly and chronically ill – An interim analysis of a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Baum Ulrike , Poukka Eero , Palmu Arto A. , Salo Heini , Lehtonen Toni O. , Leino Tuija 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn Finland, both mRNA and adenovirus vector (AdV) Covid-19 vaccines have been used after the vaccination campaign started on December 27, 2020. Vaccination of the elderly and chronically ill was prioritized and the interval between doses set to 12 weeks. The objective of this interim analysis was to evaluate first and second dose vaccine effectiveness (VE) in a real-world setting.MethodsDuring the first 5 months of the campaign, a register-based cohort study was conducted in the Finnish elderly aged 70+ years and those aged 16–69 years with medical conditions predisposing to severe Covid-19 (chronically ill). Using Cox regression, VE against SARS-CoV-2 infection and Covid-19 hospitalization was estimated comparing the hazard in the vaccinated with that in the unvaccinated.ResultsThe cohorts included 901092 elderly (89% vaccinated) and 774526 chronically ill (69% vaccinated) individuals. Three weeks after the first dose, mRNA VE against infection was 45% (95% confidence interval, 36–53%) and 40% (26–51%) in elderly and chronically ill; mRNA VE against hospitalization was 63% (49–74%) and 82% (56–93%). In chronically ill, AdV VE was 42% (32–50) and 62% (42– 75%) against infection and hospitalization, respectively. One week after the second dose, mRNA VE against infection was 75% (65–82%) and 77% (65–85%) in elderly and chronically ill; mRNA VE against hospitalization was 93% (70–98%) and 90% (29–99%).ConclusionsCovid-19 vaccines protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection and Covid-19 hospitalization. A single dose provides moderate protection in elderly and chronically ill, although 2 doses are clearly superior.summaryThis register-based cohort study demonstrates that Covid-19 vaccines protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection and Covid-19 hospitalization among Finnish elderly and chronically ill. Vaccine effectiveness against hospitalization was moderate after 1 dose and increased to ≥90% after 2 doses.
A novel cell type negatively associated with secondary autoimmunity in alemtuzumab-treated patients is revealed through single-cell longitudinal analysis of clinical trial samples
Authors: Hanamsagar Richa , Chamberlain Mathew , Shankara Srinivas , Marcus Robert , Baker Darren P. , Havari Evis , Klinger Katherine , Nestle Frank O. , de Rinaldis Emanuele , Savova Virginia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlemtuzumab, a humanized anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody, is an approved treatment for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (RMS). While its efficacy has been demonstrated in clinical studies, its use is associated with unpredictable non-MS autoimmunity manifesting months or years after treatment. Approximately 40% of treated patients present with autoimmune thyroid events, 2% with platelet deficiency (immune thrombocytopenia; ITP)1, and 0.34% with autoimmune nephropathies2. The lack of predictive biomarkers necessitates careful monitoring in clinical practice with a Risk Management Plan or Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (RMP/REMS) in place for early detection of these autoimmune events. We carried out a longitudinal single-cell analysis of PBMCs in a small subset of alemtuzumab-treated patients from the phase 3 CARE-MS I (CAMMS323) study3 and identified a novel platelet lineage cell negatively associated with thyroid autoimmunity. This discovery raises the possibility that a shared underlying mechanism may contribute to the incidence of thyroid autoimmunity and ITP in alemtuzumab-treated patients.HighlightsA novel platelet-lineage cell type present in peripheral blood is uncovered and characterizedDepletion and/or transcriptomic changes in this cell type are associated with increased incidence of secondary autoimmunity in MS patients on Alemtuzumab.Retrospective single-cell analysis studies can uncover novel insights and lead to future biomarker development
Effects of pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing on clinical pain management prescriptions, a retrospective study
Authors: Tagwerker Christian , Carias-Marines Mary Jane , Smith David J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCurrent deficits in effectively utilizing PGx testing in clinical practice include limited awareness and training of healthcare professionals, routine ordering of assays investigating up to 5 genes and lack of concise reporting of dosing guidelines and drug-drug-interactions. A novel deep sequencing (>1000X) PGx panel is described encompassing 23 genes and 141 SNPs or indels combined with PGx dosing guidance, drug-gene-interaction (DGI) and drug-drug-interaction (DDI) reporting to prevent adverse drug reaction events. During a 2-year period, patients (n = 171) were monitored in a pain management clinic. Urine toxicology, PGx reports, and progress notes were studied retrospectively for changes in prescription regimens before and after the PGx report was made available to the provider.Among patient PGx reports with medication lists provided (n = 146) 57.5% showed one or more moderate and 5.5% at least one serious pharmacogenetic interaction. 66% of patients showed at least one moderate and 15% one or more serious drug-gene or drug-drug-interaction. A significant number of active changes in prescriptions based on the PGx reports provided was observed for 85 patients (83%) for which a specific drug was either discontinued, switched within the defined drug classes of the report or a new drug added.Preventative action was observed for all serious interactions and only moderate interactions were tolerated for lack of other alternatives. This study demonstrates a successful implementation of PGx testing utilizing an extended PGx panel combined with a customized, informational report to help improve clinical outcomes.
Emergence of immune escape at dominant SARS-CoV-2 killer T-cell epitope
Authors: Dolton Garry , Rius Cristina , Hasan Md Samiul , Wall Aaron , Szomolay Barbara , Behiry Enas , Whalley Thomas , Southgate Joel , Fuller Anna ,   The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) consortium, Morin Théo , Topley Katie , Tan Li Rong , Goulder Philip J. R. , Spiller Owen B. , Rizkallah Pierre J. , Jones Lucy C. , Connor Thomas R. , Sewell Andrew K. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThe adaptive immune system protects against infection via selection of specific antigen receptors on B-cells and T-cells. We studied the prevalent CD8 ‘killer’ T-cell response mounted against SARS-CoV-2 Spike269-277 epitope YLQPRTFLL via the most frequent Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) class I worldwide, HLA A*02. The widespread Spike P272L mutation has arisen in at least 14 different SARS-CoV-2 lineages to date, including in lineages identified as variants of concern. P272L was common in the B.1.177 lineage associated with establishing the ‘second wave’ in Europe. The large CD8 T-cell response seen across a cohort of HLA A*02+ convalescent patients, comprising of over 120 different TCRs, failed to respond to the P272L. Sizable populations (0.01%-0.2%) of total CD8 T-cells from individuals vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 stained with HLA A*02-YLQPRTFLL multimers but failed to bind to the P272L reagent. Viral escape at prevalent T-cell epitopes restricted by high frequency HLA may be particularly problematic when vaccine immunity is focussed on a single protein such as SARS-CoV-2 Spike and provides a strong argument for inclusion of multiple viral proteins in next generation vaccines and highlights the urgent need for monitoring T-cell escape in new SARS-CoV-2 variants.New in Version 2Updated as P272L now seen in 14 different SARS-CoV-2 lineages including the B.1.1.7/Alpha (UK variant) lineageAtomic structures of HLA A*02-YLQPRTFLL and HLA A*02-YLQLRTFLL addedPierre Rizkallah added as an author and author list changed to reflect the contributions of Aaron Wall and Anna Fuller to the newly added datasets
Is Second dose of vaccination useful in previously SARS-CoV-2 infected Health Care Workers?
Authors: De Ponfilly Gauthier Pean , Pilmis Benoît , El Kaibi Iheb , Castreau Nathalie , Laplanche Sophie , Le Monnier Alban 
Published: June 2021

SummaryVaccines are the most important public health measure to protect people from COVID-19 worldwide. In addition, healthcare workers account for a large number of infected people. Then, protecting this population from COVID-19 seems crucial in the preservation of healthcare systems. In a context of few doses available, serological assays could be useful to decide whether one or two doses are needed. Our results show that a first dose of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine seems to act as a boost after SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers with a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and a second dose might not be required.
Sex-specific survival bias and interaction modeling in coronary artery disease risk prediction
Authors: Surakka Ida , Wolford Brooke N , Ritchie Scott C , Hornsby Whitney E , Sutton Nadia R. , Gabrielsen Maiken Elvenstad , Skogholt Anne Heidi , Thomas Laurent , Inouye Michael , Hveem Kristian , Willer Cristen J 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe 10-year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) risk score is the standard approach to predict risk of incident cardiovascular events and recently, addition of CAD polygenic scores (PGSCAD) have been evaluated. Although age and sex strongly predict the risk of CAD, their interaction with genetic risk prediction has not been systematically examined.ObjectivesThis study performed an in-depth evaluation of age and sex effects in genetic CAD risk prediction.MethodsThe population-based Norwegian HUNT2 cohort of 51,036 individuals was used as the primary dataset. Findings were replicated in the UK Biobank (372,410 individuals). Models for 10-year CAD risk were fitted using Cox proportional hazards and Harrell’s concordance index, sensitivity, and specificity were compared.ResultsInclusion of age and sex interactions of PGSCAD to the prediction models increased C-index and sensitivity likely countering the observed survival bias in the baseline. The sensitivity for females was lower than males in all models including genetic information. The two-step approach identified a total of 82.6% of incident CAD cases (74.1% by ASCVD risk score and an additional 8.5% by the PGSCAD interaction model).ConclusionThese findings highlight the importance and complexity of genetic risk in predicting CAD. There is a need for modeling age and sex-interactions terms with polygenic scores to optimize detection of individuals at high-risk, those who warrant preventive interventions. Sex-specific studies are needed to understand and estimate CAD risk with genetic information.CONDENSED ABSTRACTThis study used two large population-based longitudinal datasets to evaluate genetic prediction of CAD including age and sex interactions. The model fit and sensitivity of the prediction models increased when including age and sex interaction of PGSCAD to the prediction models likely countering the observed survival bias in the baseline. The sensitivity for females was lower than for males in all models including genetic information. Our results highlight the importance and complexity of genetic risk and suggest including age and sex interactions with polygenic scores to identify more high-risk individuals for preventive interventions.