bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicenter randomized controlled trial comparing digital and traditional chest drain in a VATS pulmonary lobectomy cohort: interim analysis
Authors: Mendogni Paolo , Tosi Davide , Marulli Giuseppe , Comacchio Giovanni Maria , Pieropan Sara , Rossi Veronica , Brascia Debora , Andriolo Luigi Gaetano , Imbriglio Giovanna , Bonitta Gianluca , Lopez Camillo , Rea Federico , Nosotti Mario 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
The usefulness of digital chest drain is still debated. We are carrying out a study to determine if the use of a digital system compared with a traditional system reduces the duration of chest drainage. To evaluate safety, benefit, or futility of this trial we planned the current interim analysis.

Methods
An interim analysis on preliminary data from ongoing investigator-initiated, multicenter, interventional, prospective randomized trial. Original protocol number: (NCT03536130). The interim main endpoint was overall complications; secondary endpoints were the concordance between the two primary endpoints of the RCT (chest tube duration and length of hospital stay). We planned the interim analysis when half of the patients have been randomised and completed the study. Data were described using mean and standard deviation or absolute frequencies and percentage. T-test for unpaired samples, Chi-square test, Poisson regression and absolute standardized mean difference (ASMD) were used. P-value < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results
From April 2017 to November 2018, out of 317 patients enrolled by 3 centers, 231 fulfilled inclusion criteria and were randomized. Twenty-two of them dropped out after randomization. Finally, 209 patients were analyzed: among them 94 used the digital device and 115 the traditional one. The overall postoperative complications were 35 (16.8%) including prolonged air leak (1.9%). Mean chest tube duration was 3.6 days (SD = 1.8), with no differences between two groups (p = 0.203). The overall difference between hospital stay and chest tube duration was 1.4 days (SD = 1.4). Air leak at first postoperative day detected by digital and traditional devices predicted increasing in tube duration of 1.6 day (CI 95% 0.8–2.5, p < 0.001) and 2.0 days (CI 95% 1.0–3.1, p < 0.001), respectively.

Conclusions
This interim analysis supported the authors’ will to continue with the enrollment and to analyze data once the estimated sample size will be reached.

Trial registration
Trial registration number NCT03536130, Registered 24 May 2018 - Retrospectively registered.
Plant super-barcode: a case study on genome-based identification for closely related species of Fritillaria
Authors: Wu Lan , Wu Mingli , Cui Ning , Xiang Li , Li Ying , Li Xiwen , Chen Shilin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Although molecular analysis offers a wide range of options for species identification, a universal methodology for classifying and distinguishing closely related species remains elusive. This study validated the effectiveness of utilizing the entire chloroplast (cp) genome as a super-barcode to help identify and classify closely related species.

Methods
We here compared 26 complete cp genomes of ten Fritillaria species including 18 new sequences sequenced in this study. Each species had repeats and the cp genomes were used as a whole DNA barcode to test whether they can distinguish Fritillaria species.

Results
The cp genomes of Fritillaria medicinal plants were conserved in genome structure, gene type, and gene content. Comparison analysis of the Fritillaria cp genomes revealed that the intergenic spacer regions were highly divergent compared with other regions. By constructing the phylogenetic tree by the maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony methods, we found that the entire cp genome showed a high discrimination power for Fritillaria species with individuals of each species in a monophyletic clade. These results indicate that cp genome can be used to effectively differentiate medicinal plants from the genus Fritillaria at the species level.

Conclusions
This study implies that cp genome can provide distinguishing differences to help identify closely related Fritillaria species, and has the potential to be served as a universal super-barcode for plant identification.
Nuclear Transglutaminase 2 interacts with topoisomerase II⍺ to promote DNA damage repair in lung cancer cells
Authors: Lei Xiao , Cao Kun , Chen Yuanyuan , Shen Hui , Liu Zhe , Qin Hongran , Cai Jianming , Gao Fu , Yang Yanyong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
To block repairs of DNA damages, especially the DNA double strand break (DSB) repair, can be used to induce cancer cell death. DSB repair depends on a sequential activation of DNA repair factors that may be potentially targeted for clinical cancer therapy. Up to now, many protein components of DSB repair complex remain unclear or poorly characterized. In this study, we discovered that Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) acted as a new component of DSB repair complex.

Methods
A bioinformatic analysis was performed to identify DNA damage relative genes from dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy were used to monitor the protein localization and recruitment kinetics. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis were performed to determine protein interaction of both full-length and fragments or mutants in distinct domain. In situ lung cancer model was used to study the effects cancer therapy in vivo.

Results
After DSB induction, cytoplasmic TG2 was extensively mobilized and translocated into nucleus after phosphorylated at T162 site by DNA-PKcs. Nuclear TG2 quickly accumulated at DSB sites and directly interacting with Topoisomerase IIα (TOPOIIα) with its TGase domain to promote DSB repair. TG2 deficient cells lost capacity of DSB repair and become susceptible to ionizing radiation. Specific inhibition of TG2-TOPOIIα interaction by glucosamine also significantly inhibited DSB repair, which increased sensitivity in lung cancer cells and engrafted lung cancers.

Conclusions
These findings elucidate new mechanism of TG2 in DSB repair trough directly interacting with TOPOIIα, inhibition of which provided potential target for overcoming cancer resistance.
Adversarial joint training with self-attention mechanism for robust end-to-end speech recognition
Authors: Li Lujun , Kang Yikai , Shi Yuchen , Kürzinger Ludwig , Watzel Tobias , Rigoll Gerhard 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLately, the self-attention mechanism has marked a new milestone in the field of automatic speech recognition (ASR). Nevertheless, its performance is susceptible to environmental intrusions as the system predicts the next output symbol depending on the full input sequence and the previous predictions. A popular solution for this problem is adding an independent speech enhancement module as the front-end. Nonetheless, due to being trained separately from the ASR module, the independent enhancement front-end falls into the sub-optimum easily. Besides, the handcrafted loss function of the enhancement module tends to introduce unseen distortions, which even degrade the ASR performance. Inspired by the extensive applications of the generative adversarial networks (GANs) in speech enhancement and ASR tasks, we propose an adversarial joint training framework with the self-attention mechanism to boost the noise robustness of the ASR system. Generally, it consists of a self-attention speech enhancement GAN and a self-attention end-to-end ASR model. There are two advantages which are worth noting in this proposed framework. One is that it benefits from the advancement of both self-attention mechanism and GANs, while the other is that the discriminator of GAN plays the role of the global discriminant network in the stage of the adversarial joint training, which guides the enhancement front-end to capture more compatible structures for the subsequent ASR module and thereby offsets the limitation of the separate training and handcrafted loss functions. With the adversarial joint optimization, the proposed framework is expected to learn more robust representations suitable for the ASR task. We execute systematic experiments on the corpus AISHELL-1, and the experimental results show that on the artificial noisy test set, the proposed framework achieves the relative improvements of 66% compared to the ASR model trained by clean data solely, 35.1% compared to the speech enhancement and ASR scheme without joint training, and 5.3% compared to multi-condition training.
A novel function for Rab1 and Rab11 during secretory granule maturation
Authors: Neuman Sarah D. , Lee Annika R. , Selegue Jane E. , Cavanagh Amy T. , Bashirullah Arash 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Regulated exocytosis is an essential process whereby specific cargo proteins are secreted in a stimulus-dependent manner. Cargo-containing secretory granules are synthesized in the trans-Golgi network (TGN); after budding from the TGN, granules undergo modifications, including an increase in size. These changes occur during a poorly understood process called secretory granule maturation. Here, we leverage the Drosophila larval salivary glands as a model to characterize a novel role for Rab GTPases during granule maturation. We find that secretory granules increase in size ∼300-fold between biogenesis and release, and loss of Rab1 or Rab11 reduces granule size. Surprisingly, we find that Rab1 and Rab11 localize to secretory granule membranes. Rab11 associates with granule membranes throughout maturation, and Rab11 recruits Rab1. In turn, Rab1 associates specifically with immature granules and drives granule growth. In addition to roles in granule growth, both Rab1 and Rab11 appear to have additional functions during exocytosis; Rab11 function is necessary for exocytosis, while the presence of Rab1 on immature granules may prevent precocious exocytosis. Overall, these results highlight a new role for Rab GTPases in secretory granule maturation.
Acclimation to tidal conditions alters the physiological responses of the green shore crab, Carcinus maenas, to subsequent emersion
Authors: Nancollas Sarah J. , McGaw Iain J. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Animals inhabiting the intertidal zone are exposed to abrupt changes in environmental conditions associated with the rise and fall of the tide. For convenience, the majority of laboratory studies on intertidal organisms have acclimated individuals to permanently submerged conditions in seawater tanks. In this study, green shore crabs, Carcinus maenas, were acclimated to either a simulated tidal regime of continuous emersion–immersion (‘tidal’) or to permanently submerged conditions (‘non-tidal’) to assess their physiological responses to subsequent emersion. Tidal crabs exhibited an endogenous rhythm of oxygen consumption during continuous submersion with lower oxygen consumption during periods of anticipated emersion, which was not detected in non-tidal crabs. During emersion, tidal crabs were able to buffer apparent changes in acid–base balance and exhibited no change in venous pH, whereas non-tidal crabs developed an acidosis associated with a rise in lactate levels. These results indicate that tidal crabs were better able to sustain aerobic metabolism and had lower metabolic costs during emersion than non-tidal crabs. It is likely that the elevated levels of haemocyanin exhibited by tidal crabs allowed them to maintain oxygen transport and buffer pH changes during emersion. This suggests that acclimation of C. maenas to submerged conditions results in a loss of important physiological mechanisms that enable it to tolerate emersion. The results of this study show that caution must be taken when acclimating intertidal organisms to submerged conditions in the laboratory, as it may abolish important physiological responses and adaptations that are critical to their performance when exposed to air.
Social stimuli increase activity of adult-born cells in the telencephalon of zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Dunlap Kent D. , Teles Magda C. , Oliveira Rui F. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Fish have particularly high levels of adult neurogenesis, and this high neurogenic capacity may contribute to behavioural plasticity. While it is known that adult-born cells can differentiate into neurons and incorporate into neural circuits, it is unclear whether they are responsive to external stimuli and are thereby capable of contributing to behavioural change. We tested whether cells born in the telencephalon of adult zebrafish are activated by social stimuli. We marked cell birth with BrdU and, 40 days later, exposed fish to brief (15 min) visual social stimuli and assayed cellular activity through immunolocalization of phospho-S6-ribosomal protein (pS6). BrdU+/pS6+ co-labelled cells were found in six brain regions, and, in four regions [dorsal (D), dorsomedial (Dm) and dorsolateral (Dl) zones of the dorsal telencephalon and pre-optic area (POA)], the number of co-labelled cells and fraction of BrdU+ cells that labelled positive for pS6 increased during social stimulation. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that adult-born neurons play a role in regulating social behaviour.
Implementing new consent procedures for schools-based human papillomavirus vaccination: a qualitative study
Authors: Audrey Suzanne , Evans Karen , Farr Michelle , Ferrie Joanne , Yates Julie , Roderick Marion , Fisher Harriet 
Published: July 2021

Background The requirement for written parental consent for school-based human papillomavirus vaccination programme in England can act as a barrier to uptake for some young women, with the potential to exacerbate health inequities. Aims To consider the practicalities and implications of implementing new consent procedures, including parental telephone consent and adolescent self-consent, in two local authority areas in the southwest of England. Methods Digitally recorded, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 53 participants, including immunisation nurses, school staff, young people, and parents. All interviews were fully transcribed and thematic analysis was undertaken. Results Parental telephone consent was welcomed by the immunisation nurses, parents, and young women in the study. Adolescent self-consent was rare. Greater understanding of the barriers to uptake outside of mainstream school-based sessions is needed to further address inequalities in uptake. Conclusions The new procedures generally worked well but some important barriers to vaccination uptake remain.
Supporting young people with type 1 diabetes: experiences from healthcare professionals in Sweden
Authors: Holmström Malin Rising , Häggström Marie , Söderberg Siv 
Published: July 2021

Background Healthcare professionals in paediatric care face great demands to provide high-quality acute care and support for young people with long-term illnesses, such as type 1 diabetes. This study aims to describe healthcare professionals' experiences of supporting young people with type 1 diabetes in order to improve care. Methods A qualitative research design was used to conduct individual interviews with seven healthcare professionals. The interview transcripts were subjected to inductive qualitative thematic content analysis. Results Four themes were identified: strengthening young people's motivation, sharing knowledge for better support, the imbalance between resources and needs and the transition of responsibility to the young person and their family. Conclusions Healthcare professionals described motivating young people to improve their metabolic control by using a person-centred approach. Working in a team strengthened cross-professional perspectives, competence and understanding of young people's support needs and developed diabetes care. The transition of responsibility from healthcare to families and young people was important in improving glycemic control. The increased imbalance in resources and support needs in diabetes care must be addressed at a societal level and adapted according to today's needs.
Energy and exergy optimization of oxidative steam reforming of acetone–butanol–ethanol–water mixture as a renewable source for H2 production via thermodynamic modeling
Authors: Kumar Brajesh , Sinha Shishir , Kumar Shashi , Kumar Surendra 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Acetone–butanol–ethanol–water mixture is obtained by fermentation of biomass namely, corncob, wheat straw, sugarbeets, sugarcane, etc. For using the individual components, one alternative is to separate the mixture by distillation, which is costly and energy intensive operation. This paper proposes its other use in available conditions to produce hydrogen fuel by oxidative steam reforming process. For the proposed process, thermodynamic equilibrium modeling has been performed by using non-stoichiometric approach of Gibbs free energy minimization. The compositions of acetone, butanol and ethanol in mixture are 0.33:0.52:0.15 on molar basis. The influence of pressure (1–10 atm), temperature (573–1473 K), steam to ABE mixture molar feed ratio (F
ABE = 5.5–8.5), and oxygen to ABE mixture molar feed ratio (F
OABE = 0.25–1) have been tested by simulations on the yield of products (at equilibrium) namely, H2, CH4, CO2, CO, and carbon as solid. The optimum conditions for maximum production of desired H2, minimization of undesired CH4, and elimination of carbon (solid) formation are T = 973 K, P = 1 atm, F
ABE = 8.5, and F
OABE = 0.25. Under same operating conditions, the maximum generation of H2 is 7.51 on molar basis with negligible carbon formation. The total energy requirement for the process (295.73 kJ/mol), the energy required/mol of hydrogen (39.37 kJ), and thermal efficiency (68.09%) of the reformer have been obtained at same operating conditions. The exergy analysis has also been investigated to measure the work potential of the energy implied in the reforming process.
„Endlich den ganzen Grimm“: Buch- und Publikationsgeschichte der neuen und neuesten vollständigen koreanischen Ausgaben der KHM
Authors: Sukyoung Jin 
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag untersucht die aktuelle Phase der Rezeption der Kinder- und Hausmärchen (KHM) der Brüder Grimm in Korea. Sie beginnt in den 1990er Jahren und erstreckt sich bis heute. In diesem Zeitraum sind drei vollständige Ausgaben erschienen, die auf dem deutschen Ausgangstext (der Ausgabe letzter Hand, 1857) beruhen. Diese stehen im Fokus dieses Beitrags. Untersucht werden die Voraussetzungen und die Realisierung dieser koreanischen Ausgaben, die sich voneinander erheblich unterscheiden, in Hinblick etwa auf Absichten der Verleger, Übersetzungskonzepte, das erwartete Publikum, die Ausstattung der Bücher. Dies alles wird vergleichend herausgearbeitet.
Dephosphorization mechanism and phase change in the reduction of converter slag
Authors: Xue Yuekai , Tian Peng , Li Chenxiao , Zhou Chaogang , Zhao Dingguo , Wang Shuhuan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the steelmaking process, the remained converter slag with P-containing materials is harmful to the molten steel in the next furnace. By the slag-splashing process with air blowing, P in the molten slag can be reduced and separated from the slag in the form of gas. In this paper, the reduction experiments of converter slag were carried out by flowing N2 at high temperatures, and the P-containing gas formed in this process was cooled and collected in water. It is found that the P gas was mainly composed of P2, which matched well with the results predicted by the FactSage7.2 calculation. The reaction mechanism of gasification dephosphorization in molten slag was analyzed, which was mainly proceeded on the surface of the slag. SEM-EDS and XRD were used to detect and characterize the samples. The ore phase of the converter slag and the gasification dephosphorization slag was determined, and the phase change was analyzed and compared.
Patent Valuation Using Citations: A Review and Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Werner Dan , Dang Huy 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
As a result of studies demonstrating a correlation between a patent’s value and its forward citation count, patent valuation using forward citations has been increasingly used by practitioners when a patent’s value has not been otherwise established. Although potential limitations of patent citation analysis have been discussed in the past, there is little empirical research demonstrating the sensitivity of estimated patent values to various assumptions embedded within the method. We first summarize an approach that has been used by prior practitioners to estimate the relative value of patents within a portfolio using forward citations, and then perform various analyses to investigate the sensitivity of the approach to certain assumptions. We find that some concerns of prior literature are well-founded, while others are less so. For example, we confirm that biased valuations will result from failure to properly control for patent age and technology. Our analysis also finds that truncation bias is a problem when analyzing recently issued patents, which confirms findings from existing literature. We estimate the rate at which such truncation bias dissipates as patents age and find that the bias for the median patent is reduced to below 10% within five years from the date of publication, although additional variation can remain on an individualized level. Regarding the issue of self-citations, we find that the valuation approach using forward citation analysis can be (but is not always) sensitive to the issue of self-citations, with a median difference of 16.8%. Finally, the valuation approach using forward citation analysis appears to be robust to assumptions underlying patent cohort construction.
Multilingual lexical transfer challenges monolingual educational norms: not quite!
Authors: Lorenz Eliane , Hasai Yevheniia , Siemund Peter 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Foreign language learners frequently use words from their previously acquired language(s) in the target language, especially if these languages are related (Ringbom, Håkan. 2001. Lexical transfer in L3 production. In Jasone Cenoz, Britta Hufeisen & Ulrike Jessner (eds.), Cross-linguistic influence in third language acquisition: Psycholinguistic perspectives, 59–68. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters). Such insertions are referred to as ‘lexical transfer’, commonly divided into ‘transfer of form’ and ‘transfer of meaning’ (Bardel, Camilla. 2015. Lexical cross-linguistic influence in third language development. In Hagen Peukert (ed.), Transfer effects in multilingual language development, 111–128. Amsterdam: John Benjamins; Ringbom, Håkan. 2001. Lexical transfer in L3 production. In Jasone Cenoz, Britta Hufeisen & Ulrike Jessner (eds.), Cross-linguistic influence in third language acquisition: Psycholinguistic perspectives, 59–68. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters). Lexical transfer challenges the monolingual habitus prevailing in foreign language classes which requires students to rely exclusively on the target language and inhibit other influences. Thus, in such English classes, students should avoid the use of different languages and ideally only produce monolingual English output. In this context, the current study investigates the use of lexical transfer instances in short English texts written by bilingual (Russian/Turkish-German) and monolingual (German) secondary school students (initially attending year 7) from a longitudinal perspective. It assesses i) whether the students increasingly adhere to the imposed normative rules and ii) what influence background variables such as language background (mono- vs. bilingual), type of school (higher vs. lower academic track), gender (female vs. male), or age (four measurement points over a period of 2.5 years) exert on the use of lexical transfer instances. Apart from gender, all factors impact lexical transfer in a statistically significant way, evoking different norm-based explanations.