bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The correlation between type 2 diabetes and fat fraction in liver and pancreas: a study using MR Dixon technique
Authors: Shun Yu , Jieqin lv , zhongshuai Zhang , Mingping Ma , Jiawei Su 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

The increased obesity results in ectopic fat deposits in liver and pancreas.Ectopic fat deposits affect insulin resistance and blood sugar content with Type 2 Diabetes.To assess the relationship between obesity and ectopic fat deposits and diabetes,this study used MR Dixon method for the quantification of liver and pancreas fat fraction (FF) in T2DM patients and healthy controls.
Methods

The FF of liver and pancreas, the maximum diameters of the pancreas, SAT, VAT and TAT were measured for 167 subjects using the MR Dixon data.Four groups were established on the basis of BMI value.For statistics, intra-and inter-group comparison was done by employing Independent Sample t Test.
Results

① The average fat content in liver and pancreas, the fat content in pancreas body and tail, and VAT in Group 1 were higher than those in Group 3 (P༜0.05). ② The average fat content in liver and pancreas, the adipose fraction of the pancreas head, and VAT in the Group 2 were higher than those in Group 4 (P༜0.05). ③ The average fat content of liver and pancreas, the adipose content of the body and the tail of the pancreas, the abdominal subcutaneous adipose area (SAT), the visceral adipose tissue area (VAT), and the total abdominal adipose tissue area (TAT) in Group 2 were higher than those in the Group 1 (P༜0.05). ④ The FF of pancreas tail, SAT and TAT in Group 4 were higher than those in Group 3 (P༜0.05).
Conclusion

The tissue FF,which has a close relationship with T2DM,can be assessed by MR Dixon technique.The results showed that all T2DM patients should pay attention to tissue fat content regardless of BMI values.
Contemporary (2019) prevalence of cardiovascular disease in adults with type 2 diabetes in Brazil: the cross-sectional CAPTURE study
Authors: Vencio Sérgio , Vianna André Gustavo Daher , Silva Mariana Arruda C Ferreira da , Precoma Dalton B 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundType 2 diabetes (T2D) is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), and CVD is a major cause of mortality in patients with T2D. The CAPTURE study investigated the contemporary (2019) prevalence of established CVD in adults with T2D around the world. We report the findings from Brazil.MethodsThe multinational, non-interventional, cross-sectional CAPTURE study was conducted across 13 countries from five continents. The current manuscript explores data for the CAPTURE study sample in Brazil. Standardized demographic and clinical data were collected from adults with T2D aged ≥ 18 years attending a single routine healthcare visit in primary or specialized care between December 2018 and September 2019. Data were analyzed descriptively.ResultsData from 912 adults with T2D were collected in the CAPTURE study in Brazil, with 822 patients from primary care and 90 patients from specialized care. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) patient characteristics were as follows: age 64 years (57; 71), diabetes duration 11 years (6; 19), glycated hemoglobin 7.7% (6.7; 9.1), and body mass index 29.5 kg/m2 (26.4; 33.5); 59% were female. The CVD prevalence and atherosclerotic CVD prevalence in the Brazil sample were 43.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 40.9; 46.8) and 37.6% (95% CI 34.7; 40.5), respectively. The majority of patients with CVD had atherosclerotic CVD (85.8%). For the specific CVD subtypes, coronary heart disease prevalence was 27.9% (95% CI 25.2; 30.5), heart failure was 12.4% (95% CI 10.4; 14.4), cerebrovascular disease was 8.7% (95% CI 6.8; 10.5), and carotid artery disease was 3.4% (95% CI 2.3; 4.5). Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and/or sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors with proven cardiovascular benefit were prescribed to 15.5% of patients with CVD, compared with 18.4% of patients without CVD.ConclusionsCAPTURE was the first multinational, standardized study to provide contemporary data on CVD prevalence in adults with T2D in Brazil, and it demonstrated that almost one in two adults with T2D had established CVD. Except for carotid artery disease, the prevalence of all CVD subtypes in adults with T2D in Brazil appeared higher than the global CAPTURE prevalence.Trial registration: NCT03786406, NCT03811288.
A Transcription Factor DAF5 Functions in Haemonchus Contortus Development
Authors: Di Wenda , Li Fangfang , He Li , Wang Chunqun , Zhou Caixian , Liu Lu , Ye Lisa , Chen Jian , Hu Min 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Daf5 (Dauer abnormal formation gene), located in the downstream of DAF-7 signalling pathway, mainly functions in dauer formation and reproductive processes in the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Although its structure and function have been studied clearly in C. elegans, it was totally unknown in Haemonchus contortus, a socio-economically important parasitic nematode of gastric ruminants.Methods: Here, we identified and characterized a homologue of Daf5, Hcdaf5 and its inferred product (HcDAF5) in H. contortus. Using an integrated molecular approach, we studied the transcriptional profiles of Hcdaf5 and the anatomical expression of HcDAF5 in H. contortus. RNA interference (RNAi) was performed to explore its function in transition from the exsheathed third-stage larvae (xL3) to the fourth-stage larvae (L4) in vitro. Interaction of HcDAF5 and HcDAF3 (a co-SMAD) was also detected by bimolecular fluorescence complementation system (BiFc) in vitro.Results: Here, we showed that HcDAF5 is a member of the Sno/Ski superfamily. Hcdaf5 was transcribed in all developmental stages of H. contortus, with a significant up-regulation in L3. Immunohistochemistry localized native HcDAF5 to the reproductive organs, cuticle and intestine. RNAi revealed specific siRNAs (small interfering RNA) could retard the xL3 development. In addition, the interaction between HcDAF5 and HcDAF3 indicated the SDS box region of HcDAF5 is dispensable for the binding of HcDAF5 to HcDAF3 and the region in HcDAF3 that binds to HcDAF5 is MH2 domain.Conclusion: In summary, these findings show that Hcdaf5 functions in developmental processes of H. contortus, and this is the first characterization of daf-5 gene in parasitic nematodes.
Climate- and Technology-Specific PUE and WUE Predictions for U.S. Data Centers using a Physics-Based Approach
Authors: Lei Nuoa , Masanet Eric 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The onsite water use of data centers (DCs) is becoming an increasingly important consideration within the policy and energy analysis communities, but has heretofore been difficult to quantify in macro-level DC energy models due to lack of reported water usage effectiveness (WUE) values by DC operators. This work addresses this important knowledge gap by presenting thermodynamically-compatible power usage effectiveness (PUE) and WUE values for a wide range of U.S. DC archetypes and climate zones, using a physics-based model that is validated with real-world data. Results enable energy analysts to more accurately analyze the onsite energy and water use of DCs by size class, cooling system type, and climate zone under many different operating conditions including operational setpoints. Sensitivity analyses further identify the variables leading to best-achievable PUE and WUE values by climate zone and cooling system type—including operational set points, use of free cooling, and cooling tower equipment and operational factors—which can support DC water- and energy-efficiency policy initiatives. The consistent PUE and WUE values may also be used in future work to quantify the indirect water use of DCs occurring in electrical power generating systems.
Effect of arterial blood bicarbonate (HCO3−) concentration on the accuracy of STOP-Bang questionnaire screening for obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Pei Chong , Gui Shuyu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the effect of arterial bicarbonate (HCO3−) concentration on the accuracy of STOP-Bang questionnaire (SBQ) screening for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
Methods
A total of 144 patients with suspected OSA were included. Polysomnograms (PSG) and blood gas analysis were performed, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), STOP-Bang questionnaire, and Berlin questionnaire were completed. The correlation between the arterial HCO3− concentration, apnea hypopnea index (AHI), and other related indicators was analyzed. The scoring results of the ESS, SBQ, and Berlin questionnaire were compared with the PSG results, and the sensitivity and specificity were calculated in the form of a four-cell table. The changes in the sensitivity and specificity of OSA screening after SBQ alone and combined with HCO3− concentration were compared, and ROC curves were drawn.
Results
Arterial HCO3− concentration was positively correlated with AHI (r = 0.537, P < 0.001). The ratio of HCO3− concentration ≥ 24.6 mmol/L in the non-OSA group was significantly lower than that in the OSA group (25.0% VS 80.8%, P < 0.001). The sensitivity of the SBQ was higher than that of the ESS (97.5% VS 81.7%, P < 0.001) and the Berlin questionnaire (97.5% VS 79.2%, P < 0.001). There was no statistical significance in the specificity of the three scales (25%, 37.5%, 37.5%). A combined SBQ score ≥ 3 and HCO3− concentration ≥ 24.6 mmol/L showed increased specificity and decreased sensitivity compared with an SBQ score ≥ 3 alone, with a corresponding AUC of 0.771 (P < 0.01) and 0.613 (P > 0.05), respectively.
Conclusion
The sensitivity of the SBQ was better than that of the Berlin questionnaire and ESS. After combining arterial blood HCO3− concentration, the SBQ questionnaire increased the specificity of OSA prediction and decreased the sensitivity, which improved the accuracy of screening.
Growth studies in commercial broiler birds offered citric acid in formulated feed with low mineral density
Authors: Katoch Shivani , Sharma Sumani , Sankhyan Varun , Wadhwa Daisy , Sharma Arun , Upadhyay Sanjiv Kumar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate citric acid (CA) as an additive in poultry broiler diet with lower mineral density of calcium and phosphorus in commercial broiler poultry birds under complete randomized design. For this purpose, Vancobb-400 strain day old broiler chicks (n=320) were divided into 4 main treatment groups T0, T1, T2 and T3. Each treatment group was further divided into8 replicates with 10 chicks in each. T0 served as control diet and was given standard corn- soy flake based ration(Pre-starter%; CP;Ca;TP--23,1.00,0.70, Starter;22,1.10,0.72 and Finisher;20,0.99.70)and treatment T1 served as standard ration with added 0.5 per cent CA with no change in chemical composition (Pre-starter %; CP;Ca;TP23,1.00,0.70, Starter; 22,1.10,0.72 and Finisher;20,0.99.70). Treatment T2 was given standard cornsoy flake based ration containing 0.5 per cent CA with low calcium (Ca) and total phosphorus (TP) content (Pre-starter %; CP;Ca;TP --23,0.90,0.66,Starter; 22,0.99,0.71 and Finisher;20,0.90,0.69)whereas treatment T3 was given standard corn- soy flake based ration containing 0.5 per cent CA with moderately low calcium (Ca) and total phosphorus (TP) content(Pre-starter %;CP;Ca;TP--23,0.80,0.65,Starter;22,0.88,0.70 and Finisher;20,0.79,0.68)as per ICAR (2013) standards. Perusal of the results revealed that broiler birds offered moderately low Ca and TP exhibited higher growth performance (P<0.05) for gain in weight, feed intake, feed conversion efficiency and carcass traits viz. dressing percentage and forequarters weight. Addition of 0.5 per cent CA in low and moderately low Ca and TP offered diets conferred protection to birds by lowering mortality in birds through reduction in total microbial count in the lower gastro intestinal tract. Results of the experiment revealed activation of homeostatic mechanisms in birds offered moderately low Ca and TP with added 0.5% CA modulating enhanced availability of calcium and phosphorus as evident in metabolic trial, blood and tibiae bone studies but the homeostatic mechanism was less pronounced when Ca and TP density in diet was low. Overall economics exhibited lowest cost of producing, per kg live weight in broiler birds offered moderately low Ca and TP with added 0.5 % CA. In conclusion, birds offered corn soya based diet with moderately low mineral viz. calcium and total phosphorus as per ICAR 2013 standard with added 0.5 per cent citric acid can enhance the growth, improve carcass characteristics and improve the FCR of broilers though favourable environment in lower intestinal tract and activation of homeostatic mechanisms of calcium and phosphorus digestion and absorption, thus economizing the cost of production.
Association of Active Coping to Unfair Treatment with Perceived Stress and Depressive Symptoms in African Americans: MH-GRID Study
Authors: Ojebuoboh Ayomide , Gonzalez-Feliciano Amparo , Brown Kristen , Khan Rumana , Xu Ruihua , DeRoo Lisa , Lewis Jessica , Quarells Rakale , Davis Sharon 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Unfair treatment such as discrimination and racism contribute to depression and perceived stress in African Americans. Although studies have examined how responding to such treatment is associated with ameliorating depressive symptoms and levels of perceived stress, most do not focus on African Americans. The purpose of this study is to assess how talking to others in response to unfair treatment is associated with self-reported depressive symptoms and perceived stress levels in African Americans.Methods: A sample from the 2010-2013 Minority Health Genomics and Translational Research Bio-Repository Database was used and consisted of 376 African American adults aged 30-55 years old residing in the southern region of the United States. Linear regression models were used to assess the association between talking to others following unfair treatment, compared to keeping it to oneself, on self-reported depressive symptoms and perceived stress. The predictor variable was based on the question “If you have been treated unfairly, do you usually talk to people about it or keep it to yourself?” Results: Talking to someone after being treated unfairly was inversely associated with perceived stress (B: -3.62, SE: 1.14, p ≤ 0.05) and depressive symptoms (a: -3.62, SE: 1.14, p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: African Americans who talked to others in response to unfair treatment had lower depressive symptoms and perceived stress than those who kept it to themselves. More outreach to African Americans regarding the importance of talk in response to exposure to unfair treatment is needed as a potential coping mechanism.
Clinical features and laboratory findings first case of B. 1.617.2 (delta) variant concern (VOC) in Iraq
Authors: Essa Rawand , Ahmed Sirwan , Bapir Dunya , Abubakr Chawan , Rasul Shero , Khdir Awat 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction and importance:
Since the initial report of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS CoV-2) in Wuhan, China in 2019, the virus has constantly mutated, resulting in the appearance of novel variants. In December 2020, the B.1.617.2 (delta) variant concern (VOC) was first reported in India, and rapidly spread around the globe, is now the main brand in the United Kingdom, and it has grown dramatically. The transmission rate of the B.1.617.2 (delta) variant concern is higher origin strain.
Case Presentation:
Here we present the clinical features and laboratory findings of the first case of B. 1.617.2 (delta) variant concern (VOC) in Iraq. A 6-year-old female child presented with severe abdominal pain, headache, severe vomiting and diarrhea, runny nose, alerted mental status, loss of appetite and fever. The patient was diagnosed with COVID-19 delta variant B.1.617.2 by RT-PCR. The patient was treated by administration glucose saline 4% for 3 days, ceftriaxone vial 1 mg every 12 h for 6 days, and an acetaminophen bottle on need to prevent fever followed by a flagyl bottle every 24 h for 3 days.
Conclusion
Vaccination and prevention the spread of the virus and against it are important preventive approaches for delta variant. Sore throat, runny nose, headache, and vomiting, diarrhea are the major clinical features of delta variant. Followed by an elevation of the leukocyte WBC, and blood platelets. To reduce the impact of new delta variant B.1.617.2 infection; hand washing, wearing a double mask, avoiding crowded and closed settings, social distancing, lockdown, and ensuring good ventilation are major significant options against this variant.
Intraoperative Goal-Directed Therapies in Femoral and Pelvic Osteotomies In Children and In-Hospital Postoperative Outcome
Authors: Kumba Claudine 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Femoral and pelvic osteotomies are potential hemorrhagic interventions where transfusion requirements can be necessary.
Objective
We undertook a secondary analysis of patients who underwent femoral and pelvic osteotomy in the initial cohort. The objective of this secondary analysis was to describe intraoperative, postoperative outcomes and to describe intraoperative management in these patients in terms of blood product management, fluid and hemodynamic therapy with the aims to implement optimization management protocols for postoperative outcome improvement.
Methods
Secondary analysis of patients who underwent femoral and pelvic osteotomy surgery included in the initial retrospective study.
Results
There were eighteen patients with a mean age of 104± 47.1 months. Four (22.2%) patients had intraoperative and or postoperative complications. One patient (5.6%) had intraoperative hemorrhagic shock, two patients (11.1%) had postoperative neurologic failure and one patient (5.6%) had postoperative wound sepsis. Transfusion rate was 50% in nine patients.
Conclusion
Femoral and pelvic osteotomies are interventions where blood, transfusion and fluid requirements can be increased thus this implies the necessity of global patient blood management protocol with point of care tests, with fluid and hemodynamic guided protocols with validated tools in children for intraoperative and postoperative outcome optimization.
Systematic assessment of long-read RNA-seq methods for transcript identification and quantification
Authors: Pardo-Palacios Francisco , Reese Fairlie , Carbonell-Sala Silvia , Diekhans Mark , Liang Cindy , Wang Dingjie , Williams Brian , Adams Matthew , Behera Amit , Lagarde Julien , Li Haoran , Prjibelski Andrey , Balderrama-Gutierrez Gabriela , Çelik Muhammed Hasan , De María Maite , Denslow Nancy , Garcia-Reyero Natàlia , Goetz Stefan , Hunter Margaret , Loveland Jane , Menor Carlos , Moraga David , Mudge Jonathan , Takahashi Hazuki , Tang Alison , Youngworth Ingrid , Carninci Piero , Guigó Roderic , Tilgner Hagen , Wold Barbara , Vollmers Christopher , Sheynkman Gloria , Frankish Adam , Au Kin Fai , Conesa Ana , Mortazavi Ali , Brooks Angela N. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

With increased usage of long-read sequencing technologies to perform transcriptome analyses, there becomes a greater need to evaluate different methodologies including library preparation, sequencing platform, and computational analysis tools. Here, we report the study design of a community effort called the Long-read RNA-Seq Genome Annotation Assessment Project (LRGASP) Consortium, whose goals are characterizing the strengths and remaining challenges in using long-read approaches to identify and quantify the transcriptomes of both model and non-model organisms. The LRGASP organizers have generated cDNA and direct RNA datasets in human, mouse, and manatee samples using different protocols followed by sequencing on Illumina, Pacific Biosciences, and Oxford Nanopore Technologies platforms. Participants will use the provided data to submit predictions for three challenges: transcript isoform detection with a high-quality genome, transcript isoform quantification, and de novo transcript isoform identification. Evaluators from different institutions will determine which pipelines have the highest accuracy for a variety of metrics using benchmarks that include spike-in synthetic transcripts, simulated data, and a set of undisclosed, manually curated transcripts by GENCODE. We also describe plans for experimental validation of predictions that are platform-specific and computational tool-specific. We believe that a community effort to evaluate long-read RNA-seq methods will help move the field toward a better consensus on the best approaches to use for transcriptome analyses.
Short-time traffic flow prediction based on immune particle swarm neural networks
Authors: Yu Xiaomo , Kang Yuheng , Shen Zhou 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The concentration-based selection mechanism in the immune theory can avoid the shortcomings of the particle swarm algorithm in balancing population convergence and individual diversity, and enable the improved particle swarm algorithm to optimize the configuration of BP neural network parameters and improve the accuracy of short-term traffic flow prediction. The simulation experiments show that the immune particle swarm optimized BP neural network can effectively improve the prediction accuracy of short-term traffic flow and reduce the prediction error.
Doenças ocupacionais que mais acometem enfermeiros no pré-hospitalar
Authors: Carvalho Rejane de Fátima Ferreira de , Tavares Marilei de Melo , Rodrigues Lilia Marques Simões , Gonçalves Sebastião Jorge da Cunha , Santos Margarida Maria Donato dos , Silva Eliara Adelino da 
Published: August 2021

O pré-hospitalar é um ambiente inconstante, inesperado e com muitas responsabilidades, que estabelece uma reação acelerada e competente, sendo imprescindível uma equipe bem-conceituada e qualificada para as tarefas, a qual carece de determinação estar disposta para várias intercorrências tanto de baixa, média e alta complexidade. O estudo tem por objetivo refletir acerca dos problemas predominantes que justificam o exercício da função dos profissionais da enfermagem, de caráter de urgência e emergência, atentando para a identificação de doenças ocupacionais, mais incidentes nestes trabalhadores. Busca-se caracterizar fatores desencadeantes que leva ao adoecimento, que pode acarretar queda na qualidade de vida. Trata-se de um estudo reflexivo a partir de uma revisão da literatura sobre o tema em questão, a fim de cooperar para reflexão da saúde de profissionais de enfermagem que exercem cuidados cotidianamente aos seus clientes. Imprescindível que o gestor invista em uma visão ergonômica para aperfeiçoar as condições ambientais e a qualidade da saúde ocupacional do trabalhador. O valor do autocuidado e os agravos que doenças ocupacionais podem causar aos profissionais de enfermagem. Em síntese, encontrar formas adaptativas de aperfeiçoar o ambiente, beneficiando positivamente a saúde do trabalhador é passo fundamental para extinguir risco do surgimento das doenças do trabalho. Atentando para implementação da educação continuada, com o objetivo de prevenção das doenças ocupacionais. Por fim, a equipe de enfermagem exercendo atividade primordial como o cuidado, necessita de melhores condições de trabalho.
Palavras-chave: Cuidados na Enfermagem; Saúde do Trabalhador; Esgotamento Mental.