bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Viewpoints of pregnant mothers and community health workers on antenatal care in Lweza village, Uganda
Authors: Delzer Mackenzie E. , Kkonde Anthony , McAdams Ryan M. 
Published: February 2021

Background
Uganda is a low-income country with high fertility, adolescent birth, and maternal mortality rates. How Ugandan Ministry of Health antenatal education guidelines have been implemented into standardized health education and how pregnant women utilize health facilities remains unclear.

Objective
We aimed to determine how women obtain education during pregnancy, what guidelines health educators follow, and what barriers exist to receiving antenatal care in Lweza Village, Uganda.

Methods
Household surveys were conducted with women in Lweza who were or had previously been pregnant. Focus group discussions were conducted with community members and Lweza Primary School teachers. Interviews were conducted with key informants, including midwives, a traditional birth attendant, a community leader, and a Village Health Team member. Data collection was done in English along with a Luganda translator.

Results
Of the 100 household surveys conducted, 86% of women did not meet the WHO recommendation of 8 antenatal appointments during their pregnancies. Reasons cited for inadequate visits included facing long wait times (>7 h) at health facilities, getting education from family or traditional healers, or being told to delay antenatal care until 6 months pregnant. Informant interviews revealed that no standardized antenatal education program exists. Respondents felt least educated on family planning and postpartum depression, despite 37% of them reporting symptoms consistent with postpartum depression. Education was also lacking on the use of traditional herbs, although most women (60%) reported using them during pregnancy.

Conclusions
Most women in Lweza do not receive 8 antenatal appointments during their pregnancies or any standardized antenatal education. Educational opportunities on family planning, postpartum depression, and the safety of traditional herbs during pregnancy exist. Future studies should focus on ways to overcome barriers to antenatal care, which could include implementing community-based education programs to improve health outcomes for women in Lweza Village.
The impact of information about different absolute benefits and harms on intention to participate in colorectal cancer screening: A think-aloud study and online randomised experiment
Authors: Usher-Smith Juliet A. , Mills Katie M. , Riedinger Christiane , Saunders Catherine L. , Helsingen Lise M. , Lytvyn Lyubov , Buskermolen Maaike , Lansdorp-Vogelaar Iris , Bretthauer Michael , Guyatt Gordon , Griffin Simon J. 
Published: February 2021

Background
There is considerable heterogeneity in individuals’ risk of disease and thus the absolute benefits and harms of population-wide screening programmes. Using colorectal cancer (CRC) screening as an exemplar, we explored how people make decisions about screening when presented with information about absolute benefits and harms, and how those preferences vary with baseline risk, between screening tests and between individuals.

Method
We conducted two linked studies with members of the public: a think-aloud study exploring decision making in-depth and an online randomised experiment quantifying preferences. In both, participants completed a web-based survey including information about three screening tests (colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, and faecal immunochemical testing) and then up to nine scenarios comparing screening to no screening for three levels of baseline risk (1%, 3% and 5% over 15 years) and the three screening tests. Participants reported, after each scenario, whether they would opt for screening (yes/no).

Results
Of the 20 participants in the think-aloud study 13 did not consider absolute benefits or harms when making decisions concerning CRC screening. In the online experiment (n = 978), 60% expressed intention to attend at 1% risk of CRC, 70% at 3% and 77% at 5%, with no differences between screening tests. At an individual level, 535 (54.7%) would attend at all three risk levels and 178 (18.2%) at none. The 27% whose intention varied by baseline risk were more likely to be younger, without a family history of CRC, and without a prior history of screening.

Conclusions
Most people in our population were not influenced by the range of absolute benefits and harms associated with CRC screening presented. For an appreciable minority, however, magnitude of benefit was important.
Thermo-fluidic transport of electromagnetohydrodynamic flow of sodium alginate based Casson nano fluid passing through a porous microtube under the effect of streaming potential
Authors: Reza Motahar , Rana Amalendu 
Published: February 2021

Thermal transport characteristics of Casson nanofluid through a porous microtube is analyzed under the effect of streaming potential and constant pressure gradient with electrokinetic effect associated with applied magnetic field. An analytical solution of the velocity and temperature distribution of Casson-nano fluid through the porous microtube related to combining effects of electromagnetohydrodynamics forces under the effect of streaming potential have been obtained. The significant influences of various non-dimensional parameters on velocity and temperature profiles are discussed in this study. Also, it is revealed the impact of nano particles on flow transport and heat transfer phenomenon. Furthermore, the Nusselt number is calculated analytically. The variations of pertinent parameters such as Hartmann number, Darcy number,Casson parameter, volume friction parameter of nanoparticles, joule heating parameter are delineated graphically and discussed in details.Â Â
الغياب عن العمل الوظيفي وأثره في استحقاق الراتب
Authors: Ameen Mahmood M. A. 
Published: February 2021

الشريعة الإسلامية و استنباطات الفقهاء القدامى وضعت من الضوابط والأسس ما يحقق للفرد حقه و استحقاقه، ويفتح أمام الدولة أبواباً شتى وطرقاً مختلفة للإصلاحات التي تُعيد الحقوقَ لأصحابها، وتضمن التوازن بين المستحقات و الواجبات، بحيث لا تطغى حقوق فئة على أخرى. لكن المشاكل والمعوقات التي تحول دون إقامة العدل ورفع الظلم وتحقيق الإصلاحات الجذرية كثيرة ومتنوعة، منها: الفساد المالي والإداري المستشري في القطاع الحكومي، وكذلك البون الشاسع والهوة الكبيرة في سُلّم الرواتب للعاملين والموظفين، والتوسع في التعيينات والترقيات الوظيفية بدون مبرر شرعي أو قانوني. ومن تلك المشاكل التي تحدث في العمل الوظيفي لدى القطاع الحكومي وتستدعي منا التعرف على أحكامها: مشكلة غياب العاملين و الموظفين عن أماكن عملهم، سواء كان الغياب بعذر أم بدونه، وأثر ذلك على رواتبهم من حيث الحل والحرمة، وتلك المشكلة هي موضوع بحثنا الذي أسميناه (الغياب عن العمل الوظيفي وأثره في استحقاق الراتب ـ دراسة فـقهية ـ). اعتمدت على المنهج الاستقرائي بجمع المواد العلمية من مظانها، والمنهج الوصفي لشرح الواقعة التي تناولها البحث، والمنهج الاستنباطي التحليلي للوقوف على الأحكام المتعلقة بالموضوع. واقتضت طبيعة البحث تقسيمه إلى: مقدمة تتضمن عنوان البحث و أسباب اختياره و الدراسات السابقة عليه و منهجه و خطته. وإلى ثلاثة مباحث على النحو الآتي: المبحث الأول: التعريف بمصطلحات عنوان البحث. المبحث الثاني: التكييف الفقهي للعمل الوظيفي. المبحث الثالث: حكم غياب الموظف (الأجير الخاص) عن العمل وأسبابه. وخاتمة بأهم النتائج والتوصيات، وقائمة بالمصادر و المراجع.
العلاقة بين المفرد والمثنى والجمع في القرآن الكريم
Authors: Rashid Bakhtiar A. 
Published: February 2021

نجد في القرآن الكريم في مواضع عدة خطابات مختلفة في الآيات القرآنية وقد وقفنا عليها من خلال ستة مباحث ذكرت فيها جميع الخطابات المتنوعة بين المفرد والمثنى والجمع، إذ جاء خطاب من الله سبحانه وتعالى بالمفرد والمراد به المثنى أو الجمع وخطاب بالمثنى والمراد به المفرد أو الجمع وخطاب بالجمع والمراد به المثنى أو المفرد. و نلاحظ في هذه الآيات التنوع أيضا في توجيه الخطابات فمرة نجدها موجهة إلى الأنبياء (عليهم أفضل الصلاة والسلام) ومرة موجهة إلى المؤمنين ومرة موجهة إلى المشركين والكفار أو خطابات موجهة لبيان صورة من صور الدنيا أو الآخرة أو حالة أو موقف أو حكم شرعي، كأداء الصلاة أو صفات المسلمين، أو الخوف والفرار أو كيفية خلق الإنسان والجن. والدراسة حاولت عرض تبريرات النحاة وتفسيرهم للآيات القرآنية التي فيها مخالفات عددية - فيما بين المفرد والمثنى والجمع في العدد والشخص والنوع- وإبراز اختلافاتهم في تبرير الظاهرة وتأويلاتهم للخروج عن المطابقة، سواء أكانت تلك التبريرات لغوية تنتمي إلى السياق اللغوي، أم غير لغوية تنتمي إلى السياق الخارجي الذي يعتمد على ظروف النص ومناسبته، من أحاديث مفسرة للنص أو ربط النص بما في الواقع الخارجي من أحداث، أو أحكام شرعية. ويحاول البحث تبيان الدوافع وراء تلك التبريرات والمنطق الذي يتحكم فيها، وربطها بالدراسات الحديثة والدراسات المقارنة على وجه الخصوص.
Psychoparatekstualność życia codziennego
Authors: Goldsmith Kenneth 
Published: February 2021

Artykuł opisuje doświadczenie psychoparatekstualności we współczesnym życiu codziennym. Na wybranych przykładach autor pokazał, w jaki sposób liczne zindywidualizowane, często przypadkowe dodatki do dzieł i tekstów występujące w używanych kopiach stają się tekstami właściwymi dla czyjegoś świata życia. Pozwala to na dalsze twierdzenie, iż we współczesnym środowisku medialnym paratekstualna stała się cała rzeczywistość wobec tekstów zjawiających się na ekranach laptopów i smartfonów.
Transient simulation of laser beam propagation through turbulent cutting gas flow
Authors: Reichenzer Frieder , Dörr Stefan , Herkommer Alois 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
For many laser machining applications, an assist gas is required. However, for applications with high pressure or temperature gradients, the density of the assist gas is not homogeneous. Thus, the laser propagation is influenced by the density properties within the turbulent gas. In this article, an overview and example results of the influence of a nozzle geometry on the light propagation in two dimensions are presented.
Puṣpaka in the Vālmīki-Rāmāyaṇa
Authors: Feller Danielle 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The story of the divine flying chariot or palace (vimāna) called Puṣpaka, “little flower”, is well-known from the Vālmīki-Rāmāyaṇa. Created by Brahmā for the god of riches Kubera, the wonderful vimāna is then taken by force by the demon Rāvaṇa. Subsequently, it becomes the property of Rāma, who has defeated Rāvaṇa in the war and who uses the chariot to fly back within a day from Laṅkā to Ayodhyā. Puṣpaka has three main functions in the text: narrative – it allows the poet to wind up his story and achieve a quick change of scene, once the war description is over; psychological – Puṣpaka is an object of envy, especially for Rāvaṇa and his rākṣasa family; theological – the possession of the divine flying palace is the visible token that its owner has obtained divine status, or that he has become the master of the world. Puṣpaka itself undergoes a striking metamorphosis in book 7 of the Rāmāyaṇa: whereas it was previously described as an inanimate object, the flying palace appears suddenly as an intelligent being endowed with speech, and even as a deity, thereby contributing to Rāma’s own prestige. Puṣpaka’s three successive owners clearly stand for the three puruṣārthas, or aims of human life: Kubera represents prosperity, Rāvaṇa pleasure and Rāma duty. This leads us to the final question: after going from artha, to kāma and then on to dharma, will Puṣpaka ultimately attain mokṣa?
Diacritics restoration based on word n-grams for Slovak texts
Authors: Toth Štefan , Zaymus Emanuel , Ďuračík Michal , Hrkút Patrik , Meško Matej 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Despite the modern boom in technology, we are still faced with the fact that people write texts without diacritics. There are two main reasons for this. The first, historical reason stems from the past when the use of diacritics was troublesome and people would write text without them. The second one is the speed - typing without diacritics is usually faster. Text without diacritics is easy to understand for people, but for some types of documents, missing diacritics can cause a problem. This is also an issue when computers process such text. In this paper, we propose an algorithm based on word n-grams (a contiguous sequence of n words) that can restore diacritics of text written in the Slovak language. We also compare and evaluate our results with other algorithms developed for Slovak text.
On the connectivity of configuration graphs
Authors: Pavlov Yuriy L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe consider configuration graphs with vertex degrees being independent identically distributed random variables. The distribution of these variables satisfies only relatively weak constraints on the probabilities of large values of degrees. For the case when the number of vertices tends to infinity, the conditions are found under which the graph is asymptotically almost surely connected. We also give estimates of the rate of convergence to zero of the probability that the graph is not connected.
In vitro and in vivo applications of Euphorbia wallichii shoot extract-mediated gold nanospheres
Authors: Ullah Rehman , Shah Sumaira , Muhammad Zahir , Shah Sajjad Ali , Faisal Shah , Khattak Umbreen , Haq Tauheed ul , Taj Akbar Muhammad 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The current study was designed to investigate the potential of Euphorbia wallichii shoot extract for reducting Au3+ and stabilizing gold nanoparticles. UV-visible spectra of gold nanoparticles showed obvious surface plasmon resonance peak at 548 nm. Microscopy (SEM and TEM) showed spherical dimensions, and the energy dispersive X-ray spectra displayed the strongest optical absorption peak for gold (Au) at 2.1 keV. Dynamic light scattering spectra represent polydispersed mixture with particulate diameter of 2.5–103.2 nm. The IR spectra confirm the potential functional groups of shoot extract responsible for the reduction of Au3+ to gold nanoparticles which exhibit tremendous antibacterial potential of 76.31%, 68.47%, 79.85%, 48.10%, and 65.53% against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus pumilus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, respectively. Gold nanoparticles showed markedly elevated fungicidal potency compared to the shoot extract alone against the tested fungal strains. IC50 for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging was 31.52, 18.29, and 15.32 µg/mL at 30, 60, and 90 min of reaction time, respectively. Both shoot extract and nanoparticles revealed 71% mortality at 100 µg/mL, with LD90 values of 310.56 µg/mL. Experimental mice acquired dose-dependent analgesia of 54.21%, 82.60%, and 86.53% when treated with gold nanoparticles at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg bw. Inhibition of gastrointestinal muscular contraction was 21.16%, 30.49%, and 40.19% in mice feed with 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg bw, respectively.
Thermodynamic investigation of hydrate-based CO2 capture from simulated flue gas with new mixed promoters
Authors: Bai Jing , Cheng Canwei , Wei Yuanxia , Yan Kele , Li Pan , Fang Shuqi , Chang Chun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
CO2 hydrate-based desalination (CHBD) has been developing for decades to meet the global demands of decreasing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. In this work, the CO2 was captured from the simulated flue gas which consists of 18.30 mol% carbon dioxide and 81.70 mol% nitrogen in the presence of tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) + cyclopentane (CP) + glucoamylase. Then the phase equilibrium data of CO2 hydrate were measured by the method of isochoric pressure-search. Among the seven cases with same concentration of TBAB (0.29 mol%) and CP (5.00 vol%) and different glucoamylase proportions (ranging from 0.00 to 20.00 wt%), the optimum concentration of glucoamylase in the mixed promoters was 3.00 wt%. The phase equilibrium data was calculated by the modified van der Waals–Platteeuw (vdW–P) model with a modification of vapor pressure of water in the empty hydrate lattice. The Peng–Robinson equation of state was used to calculate the fugacity of gas. The maximum average absolute deviation was 4.09% between the calculated results and the experimental results. It revealed that the calculated results were in good agreement with the experimental results.
Enthalpies of mixing in binary Cu–Eu and ternary Al–Cu–Eu liquid alloys
Authors: Usenko Natalia , Ivanov Michael , Kotova Natalia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The enthalpies of mixing in liquid alloys of the binary Cu-Eu and ternary Al-Cu-Eu systems were determined over a wide range of compositions by means of isoperibolic calorimetry in the temperature range 1 300 - 1450 K. The enthalpies of mixing in the Cu-Eu system demonstrate small exothermic effects (ΔHmin = -4.1 ± 0.5 kJ · mol-1at xCu = 0.70). The measurements for the liquid ternary Al- Cu-Eu alloys were performed along five sections (xCu/ xEu = 0.70/0.30; 0.50/0.50 and 0.27/0.73 for xAl changed from 0 up to 0.30 and xAl/xEu = 0.20/0.80 and 0.47/0.53 for xCu changed from 0 up to 0.30). The enthalpies of mixing in the ternary system were found to be exothermic and increasing in absolute values from the Al corner towards the Al0.40Cu0.60-Al0.60Eu0.40section and from the constituent binary Cu-Eu system towards the same section. The minimum value of the integral enthalpy of mixing is expected in the vicinity of the Al0.6Eu0.4composition of the binary constituent Al-Eu system (about -23.00 kJ · mol-1).
High temperature oxidation resistance of porous Ni–Cr–Fe materials
Authors: Wu Liang , Xiao Yifeng , Xia Xiuyan , Qian Jinwen , He Yuehui 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The oxidation behavior of porous Ni-Cr-Fe materials prepared by reactive powder synthesis with different open porosity was studied in air at 6008C, 800 8C and 1 0008C. The differences in surface morphology, phase and pore structure parameters between material oxidized and non-oxidized were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and mercury intrusion. The results show that the oxidation rate of the samples which were oxidized at 600 8C for 340 h, for 560 h at 800 8C and for 560 h at 1 000 8C were 0.00027%2 h-1, 0.0558%2 h-1, and 0.64412%2 h-1, respectively. All the oxidation kinetics curves obeyed the parabolic law, exhibiting excellent high temperature oxidation resistance.
“In Imitation of Hadrian:” memory and urban construction in the Late Antique Near East
Authors: Ward Walter D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAn inscription from Scythopolis (Beth Shean/Beisan) commemorates the actions of a late fourth-century governor who “in imitation of Hadrian ... rebuilt his own mother city.” This paper explores the memory of Hadrian in the Near East. It begins by examining Hadrian’s actions in the Near East, including the period prior to becoming emperor and his visit in 129/30 CE. It finishes with a discussion of Silvanus and Scythopolis and argues that Silvanus was responsible for repairing the odeum in the city which was damaged in the 363 CE earthquake. The inscription implies that there was strong memory of Hadrian as a builder in the late antique Near East.
Improved Doubly Robust Estimation in Marginal Mean Models for Dynamic Regimes
Authors: Sun Hao , Ertefaie Ashkan , Lu Xin , Johnson Brent A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDoubly robust (DR) estimators are an important class of statistics derived from a theory of semiparametric efficiency. They have become a popular tool in causal inference, including applications to dynamic treatment regimes. The doubly robust estimators for the mean response to a dynamic treatment regime may be conceived through the augmented inverse probability weighted (AIPW) estimating function, defined as the sum of the inverse probability weighted (IPW) estimating function and an augmentation term. The IPW estimating function of the causal estimand via marginal structural model is defined as the complete-case score function for those subjects whose treatment sequence is consistent with the dynamic regime in question divided by the probability of observing the treatment sequence given the subject's treatment and covariate histories. The augmentation term is derived by projecting the IPW estimating function onto the nuisance tangent space and has mean-zero under the truth. The IPW estimator of the causal estimand is consistent if (i) the treatment assignment mechanism is correctly modeled and the AIPW estimator is consistent if either (i) is true or (ii) nested functions of intermediate and final outcomes are correctly modeled.Hence, the AIPW estimator is doubly robust and, moreover, the AIPW is semiparametric efficient if both (i) and (ii) are true simultaneously. Unfortunately, DR estimators can be inferior when either (i) or (ii) is true and the other false. In this case, the misspecified parts of the model can have a detrimental effect on the variance of the DR estimator. We propose an improved DR estimator of causal estimand in dynamic treatment regimes through a technique originally developed by [4] which aims to mitigate the ill-effects of model misspecification through a constrained optimization.In addition to solving a doubly robust system of equations, the improved DR estimator simultaneously minimizes the asymptotic variance of the estimator under a correctly specified treatment assignment mechanism but misspecification of intermediate and final outcome models. We illustrate the desirable operating characteristics of the estimator through Monte Carlo studies and apply the methods to data from a randomized study of integrilin therapy for patients undergoing coronary stent implantation. The methods proposed here are new and may be used to further improve personalized medicine, in general.
Developing a futuristic multi-objective optimization of the fuel management problems for the nuclear research reactors
Authors: Hedayat A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, at the same time, two separate objectives and two safety and operational constraints are chosen to optimize fuel reloading pattern of a Material Testing Reactor (MTR), independently and coherently. This is one of the most difficult type of engineering problems as a constrained, non-continuous, combinatorial, and fully multi-objective optimization problem. Decision space is a non-continuous multimodal space restricted by both of the combinatorial and safety constraints. A smart software application and a robust hybrid algorithm have been developed to get Pareto optimal set with respect to both of the economy of irradiating utilizations and nuclear safety based on the heuristic soft computing. The hybrid algorithm is composed of a fast and elitist Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) and a fast fitness function evaluating system based on the semi-deep learning cascade feed forward Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). The smart software is used to produce database automatically required for the ANN training and test data. It can be also used to revise data accurately, impose further irradiating benefits or Operating Limits and Conditions (OLCs), and to advise the reactor supervisor on the most desire pattern based on the smart searches and filtering. The results are highly promising. For more details, optimization results dominate conventional operating core parameters, significantly. Also chosen OLCs are protected. Furthermore, this is very good practice to reach a fully developed practical application of the complex soft computing for the nuclear fuel management problems.