bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Navigational strategies underlying temporal phototaxis in Drosophila larvae
Authors: Zhu Maxwell L. , Herrera Kristian J. , Vogt Katrin , Bahl Armin 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Navigating across light gradients is essential for survival for many animals. However, we still have a poor understanding of the algorithms that underlie such behaviors. Here, we developed a novel closed-loop phototaxis assay for Drosophila larvae in which light intensity is always spatially uniform but updates depending on the location of the animal in the arena. Even though larvae can only rely on temporal cues during runs, we find that they are capable of finding preferred areas of low light intensity. Further detailed analysis of their behavior reveals that larvae turn more frequently and that heading angle changes increase when they experience brightness increments over extended periods of time. We suggest that temporal integration of brightness change during runs is an important – and so far largely unexplored – element of phototaxis.
Near-infrared reflection at 780 nm for detection of early proximal caries in posterior permanent teeth in vitro
Authors: Heck Katrin , Litzenburger Friederike , Geitl Thomas , Kunzelmann Karl-Heinz 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the diagnostic potential of near-infrared reflection at 780 nm (NIRR780nm) for early proximal caries detection on the occlusal, buccal and oral surfaces of molars and premolars under simulated, clinically relevant conditions. The findings were validated by micro-computed tomography (µCT). Methods: Bitewing radiography (BWR) was used as a comparative diagnostic method. 250 sound or decayed permanent teeth were examined using NIRR780nm and BWR. The NIRR780nm findings were evaluated using yes/no decisions depending on the presence of caries lesions, as the enamel-dentin junction was not detectable in the majority of samples. All NIRR780nm, BWR and µCT findings were obtained twice by two trained examiners. NIRR780nm images were evaluated both occlusally alone and combined occlusally, lingually and buccally. All findings were presented in a cross-table. Sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC) values were calculated. Reliability assessment was performed using κ statistics. Results: Underestimation of caries was observed for NIRR780nm in 26.0% of all surfaces and for BWR in 32.8% of all surfaces. Overestimation was 10.0% for NIRR780nm and 0.4% for BWR. Trilateral NIRR780nm assessment exhibited an overall accuracy of 67.2 %, an underestimation of 13.6% and an overestimation of 19.2%. Trilateral NIRR780nm exhibited 63.0% sensitivity and 69.6% specificity, while BWR exhibited 26.7% sensitivity but 100% specificity for proximal caries detection. Conclusion: NIRR780nm is not suitable for reliable detection of early proximal caries, even with the application of an ideal setup and optimized in vitro conditions.
Comparable exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in young children and healthcare workers in Zambia
Authors: Laban Natasha Makabilo , Bosomprah Samuel , Musukuma-Chifulo Kalo , Simuyandi Michelo , Iyer Shilpa , Ng'ombe Harriet , Muchimba Mutinta , Chauwa Adriace , Tigere Sekayi , Chisenga Caroline Cleopatra , Chibuye Mwelwa , Chilyabanyama Obvious Nchimunya , Goodier Martin , Chilengi Roma 
Published: May 2021

Background:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an ongoing global health crisis that has caused large scale morbidity and mortality. We aimed to determine the exposure to SARS-CoV-2 among young children and healthcare workers by measurement of anti-S1 antigen (spike protein) specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) using an in-house optimized indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.Methods:Plasma samples were collected from cohorts of healthcare workers (n = 287) and young children aged from 6 weeks to 2 years old (n = 150) pre-COVID-19 pandemic between September 2018 and November 2019 and post-COVID-19 pandemic between August and December 2020 were simultaneously tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1 specific IgG. The arithmetic mean of natural logarithm-transformed ELISA relative absorbance reading + (3 x standard deviation) of pre-pandemic plasma was used as the cut-off to determine SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositivity of post-pandemic plasma.Results:There was no reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 S1 antigen detected in pre-pandemic plasma but in post pandemic plasma an 8.0% (23/287) IgG seropositivity in healthcare workers’ and 6.0% (9/150) seropositivity in children aged 2 years old was detected.Conclusions:Comparable levels of SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositivity in healthcare workers and children suggest widespread exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in Zambia during the first wave of the pandemic. This finding has implications for continued acquisition and transmission of infection in the healthcare setting, household, and wider community.
Taxa de morbimortalidade entre homens e mulheres com diagnóstico de infarto agudo do miocárdio
Authors: Sant Anna Maria Fernanda Barossi , Paula Carla Fernanda Batista , Mendonça Rita de Cássia Helú Ribeiro , Beccaria Lucia Marinilza , Contrin Ligia Marcia , Werneck Alexandre Lins 
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: verificar se existe diferença na taxa de morbimortalidade entre homens e mulheres com diagnóstico de infarto agudo do miocárdio em um hospital de ensino. Método: estudo transversal, descritivo e quantitativo, com amostra de 647 prontuários, comparando-se fatores de risco, dados sociodemográficos e referentes à internação hospitalar. Resultados: de 647 pacientes, 415 eram homens e 232 mulheres, com idade variando entre 61 e 80 anos. Dos fatores de risco, 74,96% eram hipertensos em ambos os sexos, sendo que o percentual de hipertensão, diabetes e dislipidemia foi maior no sexo feminino. A taxa de mortalidade foi de 17,24% nas mulheres e 9,64% nos homens. Dentre os fatores de risco relacionados ao óbito, o mais significante foi a hipertensão arterial, seguido de diabetes e dislipidemia. Conclusão: houve maior prevalência de infarto do miocárdio no sexo masculino, entretanto, a taxa de morbidade e mortalidade foi maior no sexo feminino.
Estado de exceção permanente pós 11/09: as implicações da legislação de emergência estadunidense | permanent state of exception post 11/09: implications of the american emergency legislation
Authors: Junqueira Karina , Moreira Ana Camila 
Published: May 2021

Este artigo analisa as medidas de exceção instauradas pelo poder executivo dos Estados Unidos da América (EUA), após os ataques terroristas perpetrados em Nova York e Washington no dia 11 de setembro de 2001. Tais reações governamentais culminaram em um estado de emergência permanente no país, devido à sua irrevogabilidade desde então. À luz da perspectiva da securitização e da teoria do estado de exceção, analisamos as implicações dos principais decretos de emergência instaurados no país ao longo das duas últimas décadas para as políticas de vigilância em massa e determinados grupos sociais. Observa-se, sobretudo, a perpetuação da legislação excepcional, ao pressupor maior autonomia estatal e menor restrição de regras na arena política, sob a lógica de salvaguarda da segurança nacional em detrimento das liberdades civis.Palavras-chave: Estado de exceção. 11/09. Estados Unidos.ABSTRACTThis article analyses the exception measures installed by the United States of America (USA) executive powers after the terrorist attacks in New York and Washington on September 11th. Those governamental reactions culminated in a permanent state of exception in the country, for being irrevocable since then. In the light of the securitization theory and the theory of state of exception we analyse the implications of the main emergency decrees established in the country in the last two decades for the mass surveillance politics and some social groups. It’s observed especially the perpetuation of exceptional legislation in the next government, for presuppose greater autonomy from the State and less restriction of rules in the political field, under the logic of protection of national security at the expense of civil liberties.Keywords: State of Exception. 9/11. United States. Recebido em: 25 ago. 2020 | Aceito em: 27 mar. 2021.
Hage, José Alexandre A. Política Energética no Brasil: sua participação no desenvolvimento econômico e no relacionamento internacional. 2020. Curitiba: Editora Appris. 1ª Edição. ISBN: 9788547342012.
Authors: Lyra Rodrigo Pedrosa 
Published: May 2021

O livro traz importante discussão acerca de aspectos políticos do uso de diferentes modais energéticos no Brasil. O argumento central dos autores é de que energia é poder, portanto o tema deve ser analisado e debatido como uma política de Estado, que pode beneficiar tanto o desenvolvimento nacional quanto as relações exteriores do Brasil. Trata-se de interessante contribuição para se debater os possíveis caminhos e escolhas a serem feitas pelos próximos governos.Palavras-chave: Política Energética; Política Externa; Energia.ABSTRACTThis book brings an essential discussion about the political aspects of the use of energy in Brazil. The authors' central argument is that energy is power, so the theme must be analyzed and debated as a State policy. Both national development and Brazil's foreign relations might benefit from this perspective. Therefore, it is an exciting contribution to discuss the possible paths and choices to be made by the next Brazilian governments.Keywords: Energy Policy; Foreign Policy; Energy. Recebido em: 26 ago. 2020 | Aceito em: 23 dez. 2020.
ZUBOFF, Shoshana. The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power. New York: PublicAffairs, 2019, 691p. ISBN 9781610395694
Authors: De Brito Lucas 
Published: May 2021

Shoshana Zuboff, em seu livro The age of surveillance capitalism: the fight for a human future at the new frontier of power, perpassa pelas diversas funções e características do capitalismo de vigilância, conceito instrumentalizado pela autora e que diz respeito a uma nova ordem econômica baseada na extração de dados para a predição de comportamento capitaneada pelas grandes empresas de tecnologia. Através de vários exemplos e de uma narrativa bem fundamentada a autora mostra as consequências, na vida cotidiana, do aparato sofisticado utilizado para a modificação de comportamento.Palavras-chave: Capitalismo de vigilância; Big tech; Poder comportamental.ABSTRACTShoshana Zuboff, in her book The age of surveillance capitalism: the fight for a human future at the new frontier of power, goes through the diverse functions and characteristics of surveillance capitalism, a concept instrumentalized by the author and which concerns a new economic order based on in data extraction to predict behavior led by large technology companies. Through several examples and a well-tied narrative, the author shows the consequences in everyday life of the sophisticated apparatus used for behavior modification.Key words: Surveillance capitalism; Big tech; Behavioral power. Recebido em: 09 out. 2020 | Aceito em: 23 jan. 2021.
A framework for prospective, adaptive meta-analysis (FAME) of aggregate data from randomised trials
Authors: Tierney Jayne F. , Fisher David J. , Vale Claire L. , Burdett Sarah , Rydzewska Larysa H. , Rogozińska Ewelina , Godolphin Peter J. , White Ian R. , Parmar Mahesh K. B. 
Published: May 2021

Background
The vast majority of systematic reviews are planned retrospectively, once most eligible trials have completed and reported, and are based on aggregate data that can be extracted from publications. Prior knowledge of trial results can introduce bias into both review and meta-analysis methods, and the omission of unpublished data can lead to reporting biases. We present a collaborative framework for prospective, adaptive meta-analysis (FAME) of aggregate data to provide results that are less prone to bias. Also, with FAME, we monitor how evidence from trials is accumulating, to anticipate the earliest opportunity for a potentially definitive meta-analysis.

Methodology
We developed and piloted FAME alongside 4 systematic reviews in prostate cancer, which allowed us to refine the key principles. These are to: (1) start the systematic review process early, while trials are ongoing or yet to report; (2) liaise with trial investigators to develop a detailed picture of all eligible trials; (3) prospectively assess the earliest possible timing for reliable meta-analysis based on the accumulating aggregate data; (4) develop and register (or publish) the systematic review protocol before trials produce results and seek appropriate aggregate data; (5) interpret meta-analysis results taking account of both available and unavailable data; and (6) assess the value of updating the systematic review and meta-analysis. These principles are illustrated via a hypothetical review and their application to 3 published systematic reviews.

Conclusions
FAME can reduce the potential for bias, and produce more timely, thorough and reliable systematic reviews of aggregate data.
Combination treatment of dendrosomal nanocurcumin and low-level laser therapy develops proliferation and migration of mouse embryonic fibroblasts and alter TGF-β, VEGF, TNF-α and IL-6 expressions involved in wound healing process
Authors: Ebrahiminaseri Afsaneh , Sadeghizadeh Majid , Moshaii Ahmad , Asgaritarghi Golareh , Safari Zohreh 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionPressure ulcer (PU) is known as the third most costly disorder usually caused by prolonged pressure and stagnation in various parts of the body. Although several therapeutic approaches are employing, obstacles in appropriate healing for skin lesions still exist which necessitates new practical alternative or adjunctive treatments. Low level laser therapy (LLLT) as one of the mentioned new strategies have gained attention. Besides, curcumin is an herbal medicine extracted from turmeric with anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties with promising beneficial therapeutic effects in wound healing. Employing dendrosomal nanoparticles, we overcome the hydrophobicity of curcumin in the present study. We hypothesized that combination treatment of DNC+LLLT (450 nm) simultaneously may promote the wound healing process.Material and methodsMTT assay, PI staining followed by flowcytometry, scratch assay and intracellular ROS measurement were used to investigate the effects caused by DNC and LLLT (450 nm) alone and in combination, on proliferation, cell cycle, migration and oxidative stress mouse embryonic fibroblast cells, respectively. The levels of growth factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines were evaluated by qRT-PCR and ELISA.ResultsOur results indicated that combination exposure with DNC and LLLT leads to increased proliferation and migration of MEFs as well as being more efficient in significantly upregulating growth factors (TGF-β, VEGF) and decline in inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6). Moreover, findings of this research provide persuasive support for the notion that DNC could reduce the LLLT-induced enhancement in intracellular ROS in mouse embryonic fibroblasts.ConclusionConcurrent exposure to anti-oxidant concentrations of DNC and LLLT enriched S phase entry and therefor increased proliferation as well as migration on MEFs through regulating the expression levels growth factors and shortening the inflammatory phase by modulating of cytokines. It should be noted that DNC were able to reduce the laser-induced oxidative stress, during wound healing, representing an informative accompaniment with LLLT.
African based researchers’ output on models for the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases and public health interventions: A scoping review
Authors: Adetokunboh Olatunji O. , Mthombothi Zinhle E. , Dominic Emanuel M. , Djomba-Njankou Sylvie , Pulliam Juliet R. C. 
Published: May 2021

Background
Applied epidemiological models are used in predicting future trends of diseases, for the basic understanding of disease and health dynamics, and to improve the measurement of health indicators. Mapping the research outputs of epidemiological modelling studies concerned with transmission dynamics of infectious diseases and public health interventions in Africa will help to identify the areas with substantial levels of research activities, areas with gaps, and research output trends.

Methods
A scoping review of applied epidemiological models of infectious disease studies that involved first or last authors affiliated to African institutions was conducted. Eligible studies were those concerned with the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases and public health interventions. The review was consistent with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews. Four electronic databases were searched for peer-reviewed publications up to the end of April 2020.

Results
Of the 5927 publications identified, 181 met the inclusion criteria. The review identified 143 publications with first authors having an African institutional affiliation (AIA), while 81 had both first and last authors with an AIA. The publication authors were found to be predominantly affiliated with institutions based in South Africa and Kenya. Furthermore, human immunodeficiency virus, malaria, tuberculosis, and Ebola virus disease were found to be the most researched infectious diseases. There has been a gradual increase in research productivity across Africa especially in the last ten years, with several collaborative efforts spread both within and beyond Africa.

Conclusions
Research productivity in applied epidemiological modelling studies of infectious diseases may have increased, but there remains an under-representation of African researchers as leading authors. The study findings indicate a need for the development of research capacity through supporting existing institutions in Africa and promoting research funding that will address local health priorities.
Combined real-time fMRI and real time fNIRS brain computer interface (BCI): Training of volitional wrist extension after stroke, a case series pilot study
Authors: Matarasso Avi K. , Rieke Jake D. , White Keith , Yusufali M. Minhal , Daly Janis J. 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivePilot testing of real time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rt-fMRI) and real time functional near infrared spectroscopy (rt-fNIRS) as brain computer interface (BCI) neural feedback systems combined with motor learning for motor recovery in chronic severely impaired stroke survivors.ApproachWe enrolled a four-case series and administered three sequential rt-fMRI and ten rt-fNIRS neural feedback sessions interleaved with motor learning sessions. Measures were: Arm Motor Assessment Tool, functional domain (AMAT-F; 13 complex functional tasks), Fugl-Meyer arm coordination scale (FM); active wrist extension range of motion (ROM); volume of activation (fMRI); and fNIRS HbO concentration. Performance during neural feedback was assessed, in part, using percent successful brain modulations during rt-fNIRS.Main resultsPre-/post-treatment mean clinically significant improvement in AMAT-F (.49 ± 0.22) and FM (10.0 ± 3.3); active wrist ROM improvement ranged from 20° to 50°. Baseline to follow-up change in brain signal was as follows: fMRI volume of activation was reduced in almost all ROIs for three subjects, and for one subject there was an increase or no change; fNIRS HbO was within normal range, except for one subject who increased beyond normal at post-treatment. During rt-fNIRS neural feedback training, there was successful brain signal modulation (42%–78%).SignificanceSeverely impaired stroke survivors successfully engaged in spatially focused BCI systems, rt-fMRI and rt-fNIRS, to clinically significantly improve motor function. At the least, equivalency in motor recovery was demonstrated with prior long-duration motor learning studies (without neural feedback), indicating that no loss of motor improvement resulted from substituting neural feedback sessions for motor learning sessions. Given that the current neural feedback protocol did not prevent the motor improvements observed in other long duration studies, even in the presence of fewer sessions of motor learning in the current work, the results support further study of neural feedback and its potential for recovery of motor function in stroke survivors. In future work, expanding the sophistication of either or both rt-fMRI and rt-fNIRS could hold the potential for further reducing the number of hours of training needed and/or the degree of recovery.ClinicalTrials.gov ID:NCT02856035.
The macroeconomics of abortion: A scoping review and analysis of the costs and outcomes
Authors: Rodgers Yana van der Meulen , Coast Ernestina , Lattof Samantha R. , Poss Cheri , Moore Brittany 
Published: May 2021

Background
Although abortion is a common gynecological procedure around the globe, we lack synthesis of the known macroeconomic costs and outcomes of abortion care and abortion policies. This scoping review synthesizes the literature on the impact of abortion-related care and abortion policies on economic outcomes at the macroeconomic level (that is, for societies and nation states).

Methods and findings
Searches were conducted in eight electronic databases. We conducted the searches and application of inclusion/exclusion criteria using the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews. For inclusion, studies must have examined one of the following macroeconomic outcomes: costs, impacts, benefits, and/or value of abortion care or abortion policies. Quantitative and qualitative data were extracted for descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Of the 189 data extractions with macroeconomic evidence, costs at the national level are the most frequently reported economic outcome (n = 97), followed by impacts (n = 66), and benefits/value (n = 26). Findings show that post-abortion care services can constitute a substantial portion of national expenditures on health. Public sector coverage of abortion costs is sparse, and individuals bear most of the costs. Evidence also indicates that liberalizing abortion laws can have positive spillover effects for women’s educational attainment and labor supply, and that access to abortion services contributes to improvements in children’s human capital. However, the political economy around abortion legislation remains complicated and controversial.

Conclusions
Given the highly charged political nature of abortion around the global and the preponderance of rhetoric that can cloud reality in policy dialogues, it is imperative that social science researchers build the evidence base on the macroeconomic outcomes of abortion services and regulations.