bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inferring the impact of past climate changes and hunting on the South American sea lion
Authors: Weinberger Constanza S. , Vianna Juliana A. , Faugeron Sylvain , Marquet Pablo A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimMany pinniped species have experienced drastic demographic changes due to their interaction with humans. Most studies, however, have failed to detect recent bottlenecks in otariids from genetic data. The South American Sea Lion Otaria flavescens have a long history of population changes associated with interglacial expansion and hunting to almost extinction. This study aimed at investigating these different demographic fluctuations integrating population genetics and phylogeographic approaches.LocationPacific coast of South America.MethodsEighty‐five samples from the Chilean coast were collected. Eight microsatellite loci were genotyped, and D‐Loop mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequenced. Genetic diversity was assessed, and tests of recent genetic bottlenecks were performed. Past demographic changes were inferred based on neutrality tests, adjustment of a sudden expansion model and Bayesian skyline plots. The magnitude and timing of the different population size changes were further investigated through approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) of coalescent inferences.ResultsThe mtDNA shows relatively high diversity (h = 0.98 and π = 0.01) compared to most otariids, corroborates the divergence between Pacific and Atlantic populations, around 80,000 years ago (ya), and revealed a secondary contact zone in the Magellan strait. Microsatellite data support a second genetic discontinuity at 40°S, associated with post‐glacial colonization of Patagonia. ABC analyses confirmed that glaciation affected the effective population size (Ne) all along the Pacific Coast, between ~50,000 and 15,000 ya. A strong reduction of Ne was also inferred for the hunting period (73–66 ya from sampling).Main conclusionsO. flavescens shows clear signatures of susceptibility to climatic and anthropogenic disturbances and a spatial genetic structure that should be taken into account in the context of management and conservation policies. Yet, despite a recent history of demographic bottlenecks, the genetic diversity remains high, likely a consequence of the demographic dynamics in otariids, characterized by large and connected metapopulations.
The politics of last resort lending and the Overend & Gurney crisis of 1866
Authors: Schneider Sabine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNews of the insolvency of Overend, Gurney, & Company on 10 May 1866 generated a scramble for funds in the City of London and urgent appeals to the Bank of England. The banking panic triggered by the collapse of the prominent British discount house became one of the Bank's most tumultuous modern crises. This article investigates the politics of the Bank's liquidity provision during the 1866 crisis, and in the ensuing months of financial stringency. By assessing the correspondence, speeches, and publications of Governors, City figures, and financial journalists, the article finds that the Bank's evolving approach to crisis lending was decisively shaped by its commercial objectives and a prolonged struggle to preserve its autonomy. When confronted with the 1866 crisis, the Bank adopted a pragmatic stance towards the market, which accommodated the credit needs of the City without sacrificing either its privileged legal status or its shareholders’ interests. Its Governors’ rhetorical pursuit of ‘constructive ambiguity’ during the post‐crisis months succeeded in both limiting moral hazard and consolidating the Bank's discretionary powers.
Enacting culturally sustaining immersion pedagogy through SFL and translanguaging design
Authors: Troyan Francis John , King Nicole , Bramli Ahmed 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFramed within the discussions of the knowledge base for language immersion teachers, this article presents a qualitative case study of a first‐year Grade 2 French immersion teacher's enactment of his systemic functional linguistic (SFL) knowledge to position his students in a culturally sustaining genre pedagogy. We examined interactive events and interview data to understand how Ahmed deployed his SFL knowledge base to position four African American students in classroom interactions as they deconstructed and reconstructed focal genres in this second‐grade French immersion classroom. Our findings revealed that Ahmed positioned his students in three ways: as an inclusive classroom community, as readers and writers, and as language analysts. Likewise, the students took up roles as genre analysts, active language users, and engaged community members. The findings also demonstrated that Ahmed selectively deployed his linguistic resources in varieties of French and English to connect with his students, create community with them, and achieve his instructional goals within a translanguaging space (e.g., Tian, 2021; Wei, 2011). These findings point to the potential of SFL and translanguaging pedagogy as a flexible and dynamic knowledge base for enacting culturally sustaining immersion education.
Patients as team members: Factors affecting involvement in treatment decisions from the perspective of patients with a chronic condition
Authors: Buljac‐Samardzic Martina , Clark Mark A. , van Exel N. Job. A. , van Wijngaarden Jeroen D. H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundActive patient involvement in treatment decisions is seen as a feature of patient‐centred care that will ultimately lead to better healthcare services and patient outcomes. Although many factors have been identified that influence patient involvement in treatment decisions, little is known about the different views that patients have on which factors are most important.ObjectiveThis study explores the views of patients with a chronic condition on factors influencing their involvement in treatment decisions.DesignQ‐methodology was used to study the views of patients. Respondents were asked to rank a set of 42 statements from the least important to the most important for active patient involvement in treatment decision‐making. The set of 42 statements was developed based on a literature search and a pilot in which two external researchers, 15 patients and four healthcare professionals participated. A total of 136 patients with one of three major chronic conditions were included: diabetes types 1 and 2, respiratory disease (i.e., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma) and cancer (i.e., breast cancer and prostate cancer). Data were collected in a face‐to‐face interview setting in the Netherlands.ResultsFour distinct views on the factors influencing active patient involvement were identified among patients with a chronic condition. (1) Enabled involvement: the extent to which patients are facilitated and empowered to participate will lead to patient involvement. (2) Relationship‐driven involvement: the relationship between patients and healthcare professionals drives patient involvement. (3) Disease impact‐driven involvement: the severity of disease drives patient involvement. (4) Cognition‐driven involvement: knowledge and information drive patient involvement.Discussion and ConclusionFrom the patients' perspective, this study shows that there is no one‐size‐fits‐all approach to involving patients more actively in their healthcare journey. Strategies aiming to enhance active patient involvement among patients with a chronic condition should consider this diversity in perspectives among these patients.Patient ContributionPatients are the respondents as this study researches their perspective on factors influencing patient involvement. In addition, patients were involved in pilot‐testing the statement set.
Impaired Lactation: Review of Delayed Lactogenesis and Insufficient Lactation
Authors: Farah Erin , Barger Mary K. , Klima Carrie , Rossman Beverly , Hershberger Patricia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIt is estimated that as many as 1 in 20 women worldwide are unable to successfully breastfeed or provide adequate nutrition for their infants through their breast milk alone. Compromised nutrition in the early stages of life places the infant at risk for insufficient growth as well as serious and potentially disabling or life‐threatening complications. This review summarizes risk factors associated with impaired lactation that may result in either delayed lactogenesis or insufficient lactation. The risk factors for insufficient lactation are categorized into preglandular, glandular, and postglandular causes. Impaired lactation can occur despite maternal motivation, knowledge, support, and appropriate breastfeeding technique. Although there is no clear way to predict who will experience impaired lactation, knowledge about the risk factors can enable health care professionals to better identify at‐risk mother‐infant dyads. Early intervention may help prevent infant complications associated with inadequate nutritional intake.
Personality differences in the occurrence and affective correlates of daily positive events
Authors: Klaiber Patrick , Wen Jin H. , Ong Anthony D. , Almeida David M. , Sin Nancy L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivePrevious research shows that Neuroticism predicts exposure and affective reactivity to daily stressors. Zautra and colleagues extended this work to daily positive events. Building on these frameworks, we examined the Big Five personality traits as predictors of the occurrence and affective correlates of daily positive events.MethodParticipants in two national U.S. daily diary studies (NSDE 2: N = 1,919 and NSDE Refresher: N = 778; aged 25–84) reported daily positive events, emotions specific to the events, and daily affect for 8 consecutive days.ResultsIn parallel analyses in both samples, Extraversion and in the NSDE Refresher sample only Openness (but not Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, or Agreeableness) predicted more frequent positive event occurrence. All Big Five traits were associated with one or more emotional experiences (e.g., calm, proud) during positive events. Neuroticism predicted greater event‐related positive affect in the NSDE 2 sample, whereas Agreeableness was related to more event‐related negative affect in the NSDE Refresher sample.ConclusionsThe Big Five personality traits each provided unique information for predicting positive events in daily life. The discussion centers on potential explanations and implications for advancing the understanding of individual differences that contribute to engagement in positive experiences.
Comparative study on the chemical composition of different bones/parts of bones in growing pigs differently supplied with inorganic phosphorus and phytase
Authors: Rieger Hanna , Ratert Christine , Wendt Michael , Schwennen Cornelia , Kamphues Josef 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFrom the veterinarian point of view, the precise assessment of the phosphorus (P) supply of pigs is of great interest, especially in cases of clinical disorders like ‘leg weakness’ or lameness when bone mineralisation may be disturbed. Thus, the question arises which bone is most suitable for diagnostic purposes and is reflecting changes in dietary P supply most clearly. Thirty‐six growing pigs (BHZP db.Viktoria x Piétrain, about eleven weeks old, mean bw: 28.3 ± 3.44 kg) were allotted to three groups differently supplied with P by receiving a diet either supplemented with inorganic P (iP) and phytase (500 FTU/kg; controls/group C), without iP but phytase added (500 FTU/kg; group 1) or containing only endogenous phytase (group 2). The inclusion of iP resulted in total P contents in diets for group C of 4.76 and 4.23 g/kg as fed from 28 to 57 and >57 kg body weight (bw), respectively. In diets for group 1 and 2, the corresponding P contents were 3.08/2.72 g/kg as fed (group 1) and 3.08/2.88 g/kg as fed (group 2). On days 26, 47 and 82 of the dietary treatment, four pigs of each group were euthanised. Furthermore, four additional pigs were euthanised one day before starting the experiment. Standardised samples of the femur (distal part), tibia/fibula (proximal part) and os metatarsale III (MT III, in toto) were taken during dissection and submitted to chemical analysis. At all time points, pigs of group C had significantly higher ash contents in all types of bone samples compared to pigs from group 1 and 2. Relative differences between means of groups (C = 100%) were less for the ash content in MT III (reduction by up to −9.1%) compared to the distal femur and the proximal tibia/fibula (reduction by up to −23.2 resp. −22.7%). Variation coefficient (irrespective of group and time point) was lower for ash content in MT III (4.29%) compared to the distal femur and the proximal tibia/fibula (both: 11.8%). Under the conditions of this study, ash contents of the distal femur and the proximal tibia/fibula reflected the different P supply more pronounced indicating higher sensitivity compared to MT III.
p‐Coumaric acid attenuates high‐fat diet‐induced oxidative stress and nephropathy in diabetic rats
Authors: Mani Akhand , Kushwaha Kriti , Khurana Navneet , Gupta Jeena 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe prevalence of persistent hyperglycaemia during diabetes, impair antioxidant defence system and generate reactive oxygen species, which majorly contribute to its progression and associated complications. Phytochemicals were suggested to scavenge‐free radicals and exert antioxidant effects required to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce the occurrence of diabetes‐associated complications. We hypothesise that a phenolic phytochemical p‐coumaric can reduce diabetes‐induced oxidative stress and improve diabetes‐associated nephropathy in rats. The aim of this study is to analyse the protective effects of p‐coumaric acid against diabetes‐induced oxidative stress and nephropathy in high‐fat diet‐induced diabetic rats. The oral feeding of p‐coumaric acid (20 mg/kg for 12 weeks) was found to significantly decrease the elevated levels of blood glucose in high‐fat diet‐induced type 2 diabetic rats. p‐Coumaric acid treatment also decreases the kidney weight whilst increasing the total body weight of diabetic rats. Furthermore whilst evaluation of the different renal functioning tests, p‐coumaric acid significantly improves histopathological changes and the levels of urea, creatinine and uric acid in serum of diabetic rats, which was otherwise elevated under diabetic conditions. Our results also highlight that p‐coumaric acid is an efficient compound with antioxidant properties and improves the diabetes‐induced change in lipid peroxidation and activities of antioxidant enzymes: catalase, glutathione‐S‐transferase and superoxide dismutase. p‐Coumaric acid thus possesses the potential to prevent diabetic nephropathy by reducing oxidative stress and can thus serve as a potential drug target for pharmaceutical companies.
On the Sensitivity of the Simulated Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation to 3-Hourly Radiosonde Assimilation: A Case Study over the Western Maritime Continent
Authors: Kwang Lee Joshua Chun , Dipankar Anurag , Huang Xiang-Yu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe diurnal cycle is the most prominent mode of rainfall variability in the tropics, governed mainly by the strong solar heating and land–sea interactions that trigger convection. Over the western Maritime Continent, complex orographic and coastal effects can also play an important role. Weather and climate models often struggle to represent these physical processes, resulting in substantial model biases in simulations over the region. For numerical weather prediction, these biases manifest themselves in the initial conditions, leading to phase and amplitude errors in the diurnal cycle of precipitation. Using a tropical convective-scale data assimilation system, we assimilate 3-hourly radiosonde data from the pilot field campaign of the Years of Maritime Continent, in addition to existing available observations, to diagnose the model biases and assess the relative impacts of the additional wind, temperature, and moisture information on the simulated diurnal cycle of precipitation over the western coast of Sumatra. We show how assimilating such high-frequency in situ observations can improve the simulated diurnal cycle, verified against satellite-derived precipitation, radar-derived precipitation, and rain gauge data. The improvements are due to a better representation of the sea breeze and increased available moisture in the lowest 4 km prior to peak convection. Assimilating wind information alone was sufficient to improve the simulations. We also highlight how during the assimilation, certain multivariate background error constraints and moisture addition in an ad hoc manner can negatively impact the simulations. Other approaches should be explored to better exploit information from such high-frequency observations over this region.
Genomic analysis of the nomenclatural type strain of the nematode-associated entomopathogenic bacterium Providencia vermicola
Authors: Andolfo Giuseppe , Schuster Christina , Gharsa Haifa Ben , Ruocco Michelina , Leclerque Andreas 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Enterobacteria of the genus Providencia are mainly known as opportunistic human pathogens but have been isolated from highly diverse natural environments. The species Providencia vermicola comprises insect pathogenic bacteria carried by entomoparasitic nematodes and is investigated as a possible insect biocontrol agent. The recent publication of several genome sequences from bacteria assigned to this species has given rise to inconsistent preliminary results.

Results
The genome of the nematode-derived P. vermicola type strain DSM_17385 has been assembled into a 4.2 Mb sequence comprising 5 scaffolds and 13 contigs. A total of 3969 protein-encoding genes were identified. Multilocus sequence typing with different marker sets revealed that none of the previously published presumed P. vermicola genomes represents this taxonomic species. Comparative genomic analysis has confirmed a close phylogenetic relationship of P. vermicola to the P. rettgeri species complex. P. vermicola DSM_17385 carries a type III secretion system (T3SS-1) with probable function in host cell invasion or intracellular survival. Potentially antibiotic resistance-associated genes comprising numerous efflux pumps and point-mutated house-keeping genes, have been identified across the P. vermicola genome. A single small (3.7 kb) plasmid identified, pPVER1, structurally belongs to the qnrD-type family of fluoroquinolone resistance conferring plasmids that is prominent in Providencia and Proteus bacteria, but lacks the qnrD resistance gene.

Conclusions
The sequence reported represents the first well-supported published genome for the taxonomic species P. vermicola to be used as reference in further comparative genomics studies on Providencia bacteria. Due to a striking difference in the type of injectisome encoded by the respective genomes, P. vermicola might operate a fundamentally different mechanism of entomopathogenicity when compared to insect-pathogenic Providencia sneebia or Providencia burhodogranariea. The complete absence of antibiotic resistance gene carrying plasmids or mobile genetic elements as those causing multi drug resistance phenomena in clinical Providencia strains, is consistent with the invertebrate pathogen P. vermicola being in its natural environment efficiently excluded from the propagation routes of multidrug resistance (MDR) carrying genetic elements operating between human pathogens. Susceptibility to MDR plasmid acquisition will likely become a major criterion in the evaluation of P. vermicola for potential applications in biological pest control.
Cell type-specific potential pathogenic genes and functional pathways in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Wang Xiao-Lan , Li Lianjian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a pervasive age-related and highly heritable neurodegenerative disorder but has no effective therapy. The complex cellular microenvironment in the AD brain impedes our understanding of pathogenesis. Thus, a comprehensive investigation of cell type-specific responses in AD is crucial to provide precise molecular and cellular targets for therapeutic development.

Methods
Here, we integrated analyzed 4,441 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were identified from 263,370 single-cells in cortex samples by single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) between 42 AD-pathology subjects and 39 normal controls within 3 studies. DEGs were analyzed in microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, excitatory neurons, inhibitory neurons, and endothelial cells, respectively. In each cell type, we identified both common DEGs which were observed in all 3 studies, and overlapping DEGs which have been seen in at least 2 studies. Firstly, we showed the common DEGs expression and explained the biological functions by comparing with existing literature or multil-omics signaling pathways knowledgebase. We then determined the significant modules and hub genes, and explored the biological processes using the overlapping DEGs. Finally, we identified the common and distinct dysregulated pathways using overall DEGs and overlapping DEGs in a cell type-specific manner.

Results
Up-regulated LINGO1 has been seen in both oligodendrocytes and excitatory neurons across 3 studies. Interestingly, genes enriched in the mitochondrial module were up-regulated across all cell types, which indicates mitochondrial dysfunction in the AD brain. The estrogen signaling pathway seems to be the most common pathway that is disrupted in AD.

Conclusion
Together, these analyses provide detailed information of cell type-specific and overall transcriptional changes and pathways underlying the human AD-pathology. These findings may provide important insights for drug development to tackle this disease.
miR-17-5p drives G2/M-phase accumulation by directly targeting CCNG2 and is related to recurrence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Huang Qiang , Shen Yu-Jie , Hsueh Chi-Yao , Guo Yang , Zhang Yi-Fan , Li Jiao-Yu , Zhou Liang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The human miR-17-92 polycistron is the first reported and most well-studied onco-miRNA with a cluster of seven miRNAs. miR-17-5p, a member of the miR-17-92 family, plays an important role in tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion. However, few studies have shown the role of miR-17-5p in the cell cycle of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Methods
RT-qPCR was used to detect miR-17-5p expression levels in 64 HNSCC tissues and 5 cell lines. The relationship between the expression of miR-17-5p in the tissues and the clinical characteristics of the patients was analyzed. HNSCC cells were transfected with an miR-17-5p mimic or inhibitor to evaluate cell cycle distribution by flow cytometry. Cell cycle distribution of cells transfected with target gene was evaluated using flow cytometry. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to detect the regulatory effect of miR-17-5p on target gene expression.

Results
In the present study, we found that miR-17-5p expression in HNSCC tissues and cell lines was remarkably increased, and miR-17-5p is related to recurrence in HNSCC patients. Silencing miR-17-5p blocked HNSCC cells in G2/M phase, whereas its overexpression propelled cell cycle progression. More importantly, we verified that miR-17-5p negatively regulated CCNG2 mRNA and protein expression by directly targeting its 3’UTR.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that miR-17-5p might act as a tumor promoter and prognostic factor for recurrence in HNSCC patients.