bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FORMULATION OPTIMIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AQUEOUS INJECTION CONTAINING POORLY SOLUBLE DRUG USING MIXED HYDROTROPIC SOLUBILIZATION
Authors: DARAJI NEELKUMAR K. , PATEL VIPUL P. , RAMANI VINODKUMAR D. 
Published: September 2021

Objective: Mefenamic acid (MFA) is an NSAID that exhibits anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic activity. Peak plasma levels are attained in 2-4 h and the elimination half-life approximates 2 h, repetitive administration of tablets for 3-5 times a day is desired. It is supplied only in the form of tablets for oral administration. In acute conditions drug administered parenterally could give rapid relief from severe symptoms like pain. Thus, formulation of injectable formulation of MFA could be better alternative compared to conventional tablet dosage form. The low aqueous solubility of MFA precludes its use in parenteral formulation development.
Methods: In this work attempt were made to enhance the aqueous solubility of mefenamic acid using mixed solvency technique. For that different hydrotropic agents such as Urea, Sodium acetate, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate and their blends were evaluated. Optimal concentration of hydrotropic agent in blend was determined using D-optimal mixture experimental design. The optimized bled was used to develop the aqueous injection of mefenamic acid. The developed injection was subjected for various quality control tests and stability of developed formulation was also evaluated.
Results: The aqueous solubility in optimized blend of hydrotropic agent batches (U: SA: SB: SC, 4:4:23:9 %w/v) showed 835.71-fold compared to MFA solubility in distilled water. The quality control tests for parenteral formulation and accelerated stability study were found to be within prescribed limits and stable.
Conclusion: The inadequate solubility of MFA was overcome, and aqueous injection was successfully developed which can be serve as cost effective treatment in various indications.
Implementation And Factors That Affect Online Learning In Biology Lessons
Authors: Wulandari Wulandari , Wardhani Sri , Indawan Indawan 
Published: September 2021

Background: Online learning changes the learning pattern that is usually done face-to-face into a distance education system, so there will be factors that influence it. This also has an impact on biology lessons at Xaverius High School Lubuklinggau. This study aims to determine the perception of the implementation of online learning in biology lessons and determine the factors that influence it. Methods: this research uses descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques using observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation which are then analyzed by technical analysis of Miles & Huberman. The research subjects were biology teachers and all students of grades X, XI, and XII science at Xaverius High School Lubuklinggau. Results: the implementation of learning in biology lessons that have been carried out at Xaverius Lubuklinggau High School there are planning, implementation and evaluation activities as well as face-to-face learning, but in the implementation there are factors that influence, namely the material cannot be explained, the response of class X students is less active, supervision of the assessment, the ability of teachers to use various educational applications, difficulty in assessing the character of students, some students do not understand the material provided, and the learning environment. Conclusion. The implementation of online learning that is applied there are still planning, implementation and evaluation activities, but in the implementation there are several factors that influence both supporting and inhibiting factors.
The art design of industrialised manufacturing furniture products based on the simulation of mathematical curves
Authors: Qin Yue , Wang Chao , Suresh Mini. , Ali Basel Jamal. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
After a lot of literature reading and practical research, the paper uses the parametric modelling method of curve simulation characteristic line to establish the mathematical model of the furniture product leg shape. This article first uses the surface construction method to analyse the composition of the leg size of the industrialised production and manufacture of furniture products, and makes the solid modelling according to the construction method of non-uniform rational spline mathematical curve and surface simulation. At the same time, the parameter function of furniture leg type is set on SolidWorks, and the research results obtained in the paper are found by simulation, which opens up a new research path for the application of mathematical curve model in furniture design.
Comparative Analysis of Structure and Properties of Stereoscopic Cocoon and Flat Cocoon
Authors: Zhou Bin , Wang Huiling , Zhou Hongtao , Wang Ke , Wang Shudong , Zhou Wenlong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Cocoon is a kind of natural biopolymer material with reasonable structure and various functions. However, its structure and functions are often destroyed in practical application. In this study, we took common Bombyx Mori as the research object, and provided different cocooning sites for single or multiple silkworms to construct common stereoscopic cocoons (“normal cocoons” [NC]) and flat cocoons (“single-silkworm flat cocoons” [SFC] and “multi-silkworm flat cocoons” [MFC]), respectively, and compared the morphological structure and basic properties of these cocoons. The study found that the flat cocoons have similar multi-layered variable structure and characteristics compared to those of the common cocoons; also, morphological characteristics and physical and chemical properties of silk fiber from outer layer to inner layer, such as sericin content, fiber fineness, and change rule of basic mechanical properties, are completely consistent with those of the common cocoons. It can be considered that the flat cocoons are constructed by silkworms in the same “procedural” process as that of common cocoons. Due to the expansion of cocooning space, the mechanical properties of fibers are significantly improved. By controlling the size of the cocooning space or the quantity of silkworms cocooning simultaneously, and the time of spinning, a cocoon material with controllable thickness, weight per square meter, porosity, and number of cocoon layers can be obtained as a composite material for direct application.
Websites and social networks of communes in Slovakia: development and current state
Authors: Bačík Vladimír , Klobučník Michal 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
One of the main features of today’s information society is the availability of data of various kinds provided by various companies and organisations. In the following paper, we focus on evaluating the dynamics of development and the current state of existence of websites of communes in Slovakia, which represent a database of their activities and serve as the main communication channel between citizens and self-government representatives. Another important channel is social networks, which are still enjoying huge popularity among Internet users. On the basis of the results of an online questionnaire that involved almost 60% of the addressed self-governments, we will point out the adaptation of self-governments to the use of social networks. One of the important tasks of such research is the distribution of the obtained results to end users. This is achieved through an example of a description of basic technical and functional specifications by using the website created by the authors. This website has the ambition of becoming a sort of central access point for all those interested in information about communes in Slovakia. By means of standard tabular, but also interactive graphic and map outputs, it gives an idea of selected indicators of self-governments in a user-friendly form, thus helping to increase client awareness of this specific issue.
Effects of phytogenic substances on growth and biofilm formation of Escherichia coli and Salmonella field isolates
Authors: Axmann Sonja , Schorpp Anika , Strassgüttl Julia , Aumiller Tobias 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of garlic oil, cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, thymol, and thyme oil on growth and biofilm formation of Escherichia coli and Salmonella serotypes, including field isolates from livestock animals. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined using broth micro-dilution method. Biofilm biomass was assessed by measuring the attached biomass with microtiter plate assay and crystal violet (CV) staining. The strongest antimicrobial effects on E. coli serotypes were observed for thymol at 150 ppm, followed by carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde at 300 ppm and thyme oil at 600 ppm. Similar results were obtained with Salmonella serotypes except for carvacrol (MIC value at 150 ppm). Garlic oil showed no growth inhibition on serotypes of E. coli and Salmonella up to 10000 ppm. Cinnamaldehyde proved to be the most effective substance in reducing E. coli CV-biofilm formation at sub-MIC level with a threshold concentration of 5 ppm, followed by carvacrol, thymol, and thyme oil at 40 ppm and garlic oil at 10000 ppm. CV-biofilm formation of Salmonella serotypes at sub-MIC level was clearly reduced with 40 ppm cinnamaldehyde and 80 ppm carvacrol, thymol, and thyme oil. No reduction of CV-biofilm formation was observed with garlic oil. The present study demonstrates a strong antibacterial activity of cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, thymol, and thyme oil. Similar response of field isolates and type strains to these phytogenics suggests a general effect within the bacterial species tested. All four substances were also able to reduce CV-biofilm formation at sub-MIC level. Investigating phytogenics with bacterial field isolates contributes to the development of feed additives as alternatives to antibiotics in animal feed to increase productivity and animal welfare in modern livestock production.
Mediating effect of work engagement between job characteristics and nursing performance among general hospital nurses
Authors: Lee Eun-Kyung , Kim Sun-Hee , Park Jin-Hwa 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to determine the effects of job characteristics and work engagement on the nursing performance of nurses working in general hospitals.

Methods
Data were collected from 169 nurses who are working in a general hospital in South Korea by using a cross-sectional descriptive survey design.

Results
Nurses’ job characteristics and work engagement showed positive effects on nursing performance. This effect was magnified when work engagement was used as a mediating variable.

Conclusions
The findings elucidate the factors influencing job performance and provide managers with important information for developing programs to improve the job skills and work engagement of nurses.
Training program for caregivers to prevent pressure ulcers among elderly residents at geriatric homes
Authors: Ibrahiem Donia Atef , El-Maksoud Mona Mohamed Abd 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Pressure ulcer (PU) is one of the most common problem among the bedridden elderly and has significantly more burden on elderly and caregivers. This study is aimed to evaluate the effects of the training program for caregivers to prevent PUs among elderly residents at geriatric homes.

Methods
A quasi-experimental design was used to carry out the current study. A purposive sample comprised of all formal (39 nurses) or informal caregivers (39) and all immobilized elderly residents (35) who are found in all geriatric centers in Helwan district. A structured questionnaire was used to assess caregivers’ socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude, and observational checklists for their practice for prevention of PU at pre- and posttest and during follow-up.

Results
After the training program, there were improvements in the level of knowledge, practice, and positive attitude of caregivers about PU prevention with a statistically significant difference between pre-, post-, and follow-up training programs (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
The study revealed that the training program seemed to change the knowledge, practice, and attitude of the subjects to PU prevention. This, in turn, implies that adequate knowledge affects directly the elderly caregivers’ attitudes as well as practice for prevention could be important in reducing the burden of PU among the elderly. Thus, conducting a training program for caregivers at different geriatric homes about caring skills for elders can prevent PU, and using spontaneous reposition is very effective to prevent PUs.
Professional identity, wellness, and future hope among nurse interns in Egypt
Authors: Hussien Rasha Mohammed , Shahin Mahmoud Abdul Hameed , Ibrahim Mervat Elshahat 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveSince nursing is a performance-based profession, clinical learning environments play an important role in the acquisition of professional abilities and train nursing students to enter the nursing profession and become a registered nurse. The study aimed to investigate the relations among professional identity, wellness, and future hope in nurse interns.MethodsA cross-sectional, analytic, descriptive, correlational study design was used to test these relations in the study where 210 nurse interns’ students were selected using a convenience sampling from Zagazig University hospitals and Suez Canal University hospitals in Egypt. The questionnaires consisted of 4 parts, namely demographic characteristics, Professional Identity Scale for Nursing Students (PISNS), Holistic Health and Wellness Survey, and Hope scale.ResultsLess than half of the study sample had chosen nursing specialty by own will (43.8%), while slightly more than half of them had a “very good” graduation level, and had no nursing role model. The lowest mean professional identity score was for independence in career choice while the highest was for social modeling. The reported physical wellness mean-score was the least, while social wellness was the highest. Professional identity, wellness, and future hope scores differed significantly based on nurse interns’ personal characteristics. There were statistically significant, positive, weak-to-moderate correlations among the scores of professional identity, wellness, and future hope; however, the “choice of nursing study by own will” was a statistically significant independent positive predictor of the scores of professional identity, wellness, and future hope.ConclusionsNurse interns’ professional identity, wellness, and future hope were positively inter-correlated. However, nurse interns’ wellness was the lowest, and it should be fostered as it was the main predictor for future hope. The internship programs should be modulated to improve nurse interns’ professional identity, particularly regarding independence, and should foster their well-being in the clinical environment.
Experience of the patient's success in facing post-stroke urinary incontinence: the patient's perspective
Authors: Heltty Heltty , Sitorus Ratna , Martha Evi , Nusdwinuringtyas Nury 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective
Post-stroke urinary incontinence (UI) is one of the sequelae of stroke. This situation affects all aspects of the patient's life – physically, psychologically, socially, and spiritually. This study aimed to investigate the experience of patients’ success in facing a post-stroke UI.

Methods
A qualitative study using the Rapid Assessment Procedure (RAP) approach was used in this study. Informants were selected using purposive sampling. In-depth interviews with as many as 8 patients who had recovered from post-stroke UI and living in the greater area of Southeast Sulawesi (Indonesia) were conducted. In-depth interviews were also conducted with 8 caregivers and 2 nurses. Data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach and interpretation of data was based on Humanbecoming theory and Self-care deficit theory of nursing.

Results
Five successful things the patients experienced during post-stroke UI were identified. The five successes were as follows: they provided information to get to know and understand post-stroke UI, followed the procedures to overcome post-stroke UI, conducted self-control exercises and stayed motivated, performed daily activities independently according to ability, and made use of family support and peers’ attention.

Conclusions
These findings indicated that persistence, belief, independence, and social support (family and peer) made patients to successfully face their post-stroke UI and improved their quality of life. These findings also became the basis for developing a post-stroke UI management model based on Humanbecoming theory and Self-care deficit theory of nursing.
Advanced education for NCMs’ professional career development: a conclusive experience?
Authors: Lagace-Roy Daniel , Mondelli Alena , Jacob Carl GA 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to present the results of a research which assessed whether the Knowledge Acquisition Programme and the Non-Commissioned Member Executive Professional Development Programme contributed to the Non-Commissioned Members’ effectiveness as senior leaders in the Profession of Arms within the Canadian Armed Forces. Thirty-seven Programme graduates from 2006 to 2015 received a questionnaire containing seven closed-ended general information questions and twelve open-ended programme/course specific questions. Seventeen graduates responded to the questionnaire. Manual coding was used to identify main themes and sub-themes. The research findings determined that both Programmes contributed to the effectiveness of senior leaders in the Profession of Arms within the Canadian Armed Forces. However, some caveats were expressed, and recommendations brought forward to enhance the Programme and to improve its future deliveries.
The use of gamma irradiation to stimulate bioactive compound synthesis in Inonotus obliquus submerged cultures
Authors: Petre Alexandru , Ene Mihaela , Negut Daniel Constantin , Gatea Florentina , Vamanu Emanuel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Inonotus obliquus is a parasite on the birch and other trees and is also a well-known medicinal mushroom. Its sterile conk is highly sought for its bioactive compounds such as phenols, polysaccharides, triterpenoids, and steroids. It was traditionally used to treat various gastrointestinal diseases, viral and parasitic infections, to counteract the progression of cancers, and to stimulate the immune system. We used acute gamma irradiation, followed by short-term submerged cultivation, as an oxidative stress inducer to enhance the synthesis of mycelial metabolites. The 300 Gy and 400 Gy doses showed the best results across the whole experimental design. Each assayed criterion had a different corresponding optimal stimulation dose. In one experiment, sublethal doses of irradiation triggered the dry weight of the cultured mycelium to increase by 19.764%. The free radical scavenging potential of the mycelium extracts increased by 79.83%. The total phenolic content of mycelium extracts and culture broth increased by 55.7% and 62.987%, respectively. The total flavonoid and sinapinic acid content of the broth increased by 934.678% and 590.395%, respectively. As such, gamma irradiation pre-treatment of the mycelial inoculum proved an interesting, economically and environmentally effective tool for stimulating secondary metabolite synthesis in submerged mycelium cultures.
Research on dose correction method of vehicle-borne environmental radiation measurement equipment
Authors: Xu Jie , Ren Jizhou , Yang Jianbo , Fan Jiawen , Li Rui , Li Hui , Huang Weiqi , Yuan Biao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study establishes a near-ground reference radiation field based on typical radionuclides of the Fukushima accident in response to the need for vehicle-borne environmental radiation measurement equipment that can accurately evaluate the environmental dose of nuclear accidents. The Monte Carlo code FLUKA is used to study the environmental dose of such equipment in the early and mid-late reference radiation fields of nuclear accidents. Results of the air dose rate at 1 m above the ground were corrected to eliminate data difference between diverse measurement platforms. Simulation results show that t he dose correction factor (CF) fluctuates at approximately 0.8813 in the early reference radiation field and at approximately 0.6711 in the mid-late reference radiation field. This deviation of the dose CF in the early and mid-late reference radiation fields is within 2% and is not affected by the change in detector position. This research can be applied to obtain more accurate measurement of an ambient dose in the near-ground radiation field and support the vehicle-borne environmental radiation measurement technology.
Exploring school levels of digital readiness in pandemic time
Authors: Roffi Alice , Ranieri Maria , Bruni Isabella 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 lockdown measures adopted by governments in March 2020 have impacted our society as never happened before. The school system was not an exception. Interventions to allow students for distance learning through the support of ‘old’ (e.g. TV) or ‘new’ media (e.g. digital platforms) have been promoted, involving millions of students and teachers worldwide. This paper presents a study on school leaders and teachers’ perceptions on the school levels of digital readiness through the comparison of their views before and during the lockdown. The participation in the EU project DETECT provided the context for exploring the school levels of digital readiness. Data were collected belonging to two different phases and allowing to investigate teachers’ perceptions in using technologies for remote teaching. The school is living an unprecedent period where dramatic experiences are also disclosing new opportunities. Our study found that school had a strategy before the COVID-19 emergency, but it was too focused on infrastructures’ acquisition, while the development of competences on the side of both teachers and students requires an investment in long-term training, up to the point of reshaping the current teaching practices and also planning for interdisciplinary educational activities addressed to the students.