bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating culturally contextualized making with the Navajo Nation
Authors: Frank Daniel Z. , Douglas Elliot P. , Williams Darryl N. , Crane Carl D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecently there has been considerable interest in making as a means to promote interest in engineering careers. Leveraging making practices that already exist in communities could provide a way to address the severe underrepresentation of minority groups, such as Native Americans, in engineering. Before any programs or curricula can be developed to accomplish this goal, it must first be determined how these communities understand the experience of making.PurposeThe aim of this study was to determine the Navajo people's unique understanding of making. It was guided by the following research question: “In what ways do the Navajo describe the experience of making?”DesignQualitative data were collected in the form of semi‐structured interviews given to participants who identify as being Navajo. Interview transcripts were analyzed using phenomenography.FindingsFive hierarchical categories emerged from the data analysis: survival, communication, pride, self‐actualization, and community. A sixth category, spirituality, also appeared as an overarching category.ConclusionsThis study identified the ways in which the participants understand the experience of making. These findings may aid the development of making programs and curricula that are designed to promote engineering education on the Navajo Nation.
Correlation of Measurements From Doppler Ultrasound and Optical Coherence Tomography in Glaucoma
Authors: Polat Yasemin D. , Kocatürk Tolga , Abdullayev Özge K. , Abdullayev Oğuz , Bilgen Mehmet 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesTo relate the changes in ocular structure and hemodynamic response in primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG).MethodsPatients with POAG (n = 46) and control subjects (n = 53) were recruited. Retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell complex were evaluated using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Blood flow was characterized in ophthalmic artery (OA) and central retinal artery (CRA) using color Doppler ultrasonography (CDU), and resistivity index (RI) was calculated. Measurements from CDU and OCT were statistically correlated and the degree of the association was examined. Receiver operating characteristics was produced based on RI and optimal threshold was determined.ResultsIn POAG patients, OCT revealed neuronal damage and CDU indicated increased resistance to arterial flow. Flow dynamics correlated negatively with the ocular tissue dimensions, sufficiently establishing an association between the ocular structure and its hemodynamic response. Based on the possibility of indirect POAG diagnosis with CDU, threshold 0.7 for RI of OA yielded 73.9% sensitivity and 77.4% specificity in distinguishing the cases of POAG from the controls. Threshold of 0.66 for RI of CRA, had higher specificity of 83%, but lower sensitivity of 52.1%.ConclusionsOcular flow exhibits different characteristics in individuals with POAG than normal. The changes associated with the underlying neuronal structure, suggesting the possibility of a potential new diagnostic biomarker for POAG. This justifies further studies with a larger cohort, examining the ocular flow with CDU in POAG and comparing it against OCT findings for establishing the power of CDU in differential diagnosis or glaucoma progression.
Gelatin‐Based Versus Alginate‐Based Hydrogels: Providing Insight in Wound Healing Potential
Authors: Ionescu Oana Maria , Mignon Arn , Minsart Manon , Van Hoorick Jasper , Gardikiotis Ioannis , Caruntu Irina‐Draga , Giusca Simona Eliza , Van Vlierberghe Sandra , Profire Lenuta 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWound dressings under the form of films constituted of modified alginate (methacrylated alginate – AlgMA) versus a gelatine derivative containing norbornene functionalities (GelNB) are developed and evaluated for their moisturizing effects, followed by further in vivo testing to assay their wound healing potential. The gel fraction results shows that AlgMA and GelNB films displayed a high crosslinking efficiency while the swelling assay reveals a stronger water uptake capacity for AlgMA films compared to GelNB and to commercial dressing AquacelAg, used as positive control. Referring to the in vivo wound healing effect, the GelNB films not only exhibit proper healing properties, yet is higher to the AquacelAg, while the AlgMA films exhibit similar wound healing effect as the positive control. On a microscopic level, the healing phases (from inflammation to proliferation and contraction) are present for both materials, yet at a faster rate for the GelNB films, which is in line with the macroscopic findings. These results provide data which support that GelNB films outperform AlgMA films, but both can be used for wound healing applications.
Lamellar Assembly Mechanism on Dendritic Ring‐Banded Spherulites of Poly(ε‐caprolactone)
Authors: Nagarajan Selvaraj 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe self‐assembly structures of lamellae in optical ring bands have a critical effect on their optical and physical arrangements. Two different types of dendritic banded spherulites (namely ring‐banded and zigzag ring‐banded) are formed in poly(ε‐caprolactone)/poly (phenyl methacrylate) blend at crystallization temperatures of 42 and 46 °C, respectively. The difference in optical birefringence of ring bands in two types of spherulites is resolved by means of direct morphological comparison. Banded spherulites are fractured carefully to facilitate lamellar orientation analyses of both the top surface and the interior surface. The results have revealed the existence of tree‐like dendritic fractal growth lamellar assemblies in both banded spherulites. The optical ring patterns of the banded spherulites are differentiated mainly by the fractal orientation of the edge‐on crystal branches in the ridge region. On the basis of detailed morphological analysis, 3D‐lamellar assembly mechanisms are proposed to explain the growth of dendritic ring‐banded spherulites at 42 °C and dendritic zigzag ring‐banded spherulites at 46 °C.
In Silico Targeting Human Multidrug Transporter ABCG2 in Breast Cancer: Database Screening, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Ibrahim Mahmoud A. A. , Badr Esraa A. A. , Abdelrahman Alaa H. M. , Almansour Nahlah Makki , Mekhemer Gamal A. H. , Shawky Ahmed M. , Moustafa Mahmoud F. , Atia Mohamed A. M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractABCG2 is a substantial member of the ABC transporter superfamily that plays a significant role in multidrug resistance in cancer. Until recently, the 3D structure of ABCG2 has not been resolved, which resulted in the limitation of developing potential ABCG2 inhibitors using structure‐based drug discovery. Herein, eMolecules, ChEMBL, and ChEBI databases, containing >25 million compounds, were virtually screened against the ABCG2 transporter in homodimer form. Performance of AutoDock4.2.6 software to predict inhibitor‐ABCG2 binding mode and affinity were validated on the basis of available experimental data. The explored databases were filtered based on docking scores. The most potent hits with binding affinities higher than that of experimental bound ligand (MZ29) were then selected and subjected to molecular mechanics minimization, followed by binding energy calculation using molecular mechanics‐generalized Born surface area (MM‐GBSA) approach. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations for 50 ns, followed by MM‐GBSA binding energy calculations, were performed for the promising compounds, unveiling eight potential inhibitors with binding affinities <−55.8 kcal/mol. Structural and energetic analyses demonstrated the stability of the eight identified inhibitors over the 50 ns MD simulation. This research sheds light on the potentiality of the identified ABCG2 inhibitors as a therapeutic approach to overcome multidrug resistance cancer therapy.
On the limit cycle of a Belousov–Zhabotinsky differential systems
Authors: Llibre Jaume , Oliveira Regilene 
Published: September 2021

In Leonov and Kuznetsov (2013), the authors shown numerically the existence of a limit cycle surrounding the unstable node that system (1) has in the positive quadrant for specific values of the parameters. System (1) is one of the Belousov–Zhabotinsky dynamical models. The objective of this paper is to prove that system (1), when in the positive quadrant Q has an unstable node or focus, has at least one limit cycle, and when
,
, and ϵ > 0 sufficiently small this limit cycle is unique.
Comparison of prospective and retrospective motion correction in 3D‐encoded neuroanatomical MRI
Authors: Slipsager Jakob M. , Glimberg Stefan L. , Højgaard Liselotte , Paulsen Rasmus R. , Wighton Paul , Tisdall M. Dylan , Jaimes Camilo , Gagoski Borjan A. , Grant P. Ellen , van der Kouwe André , Olesen Oline V. , Frost Robert 
Published: September 2021

PurposeTo compare prospective motion correction (PMC) and retrospective motion correction (RMC) in Cartesian 3D‐encoded MPRAGE scans and to investigate the effects of correction frequency and parallel imaging on the performance of RMC.MethodsHead motion was estimated using a markerless tracking system and sent to a modified MPRAGE sequence, which can continuously update the imaging FOV to perform PMC. The prospective correction was applied either before each echo train (before‐ET) or at every sixth readout within the ET (within‐ET). RMC was applied during image reconstruction by adjusting k‐space trajectories according to the measured motion. The motion correction frequency was retrospectively increased with RMC or decreased with reverse RMC. Phantom and in vivo experiments were used to compare PMC and RMC, as well as to compare within‐ET and before‐ET correction frequency during continuous motion. The correction quality was quantitatively evaluated using the structural similarity index measure with a reference image without motion correction and without intentional motion.ResultsPMC resulted in superior image quality compared to RMC both visually and quantitatively. Increasing the correction frequency from before‐ET to within‐ET reduced the motion artifacts in RMC. A hybrid PMC and RMC correction, that is, retrospectively increasing the correction frequency of before‐ET PMC to within‐ET, also reduced motion artifacts. Inferior performance of RMC compared to PMC was shown with GRAPPA calibration data without intentional motion and without any GRAPPA acceleration.ConclusionReductions in local Nyquist violations with PMC resulted in superior image quality compared to RMC. Increasing the motion correction frequency to within‐ET reduced the motion artifacts in both RMC and PMC.
Promoted field emission and cell attachment of TiO2nanorods/carbon fiber with hydrogen doping induced by cold atmospheric‐pressure Ar/H2plasma jet
Authors: Zhu Xinyu , Yin Zihao , Ma Guozhi , Li Limin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCold atmospheric‐pressure plasma jet not only modifies surface morphology but also introduces functional groups on sample surfaces. In this work, TiO2nanorods/carbon fiber (TNCF) is hydrothermally prepared, and hydrogen‐doped TNCF (H:TNCF) is obtained by the surface treatment of TNCF using cold atmospheric‐pressure Ar/H2Plasma jet. H and OH spectral lines are observed from the emitting spectrum of atmospheric‐pressure Ar/H2plasma jet. Nanoscaled protrusions appear at top of TiO2nanorods after the surface treatment of cold atmospheric‐pressure Ar/H2plasma jet. OH functional groups form on the surface of H:TNCF, based on the results of FTIR, Raman and XPS analysis. Furthermore, hydrogen doping can lower the band gap from 3.2 eV of TNCF to 2.9 eV of H:TNCF, and reduce the work function from 4.97 eV of TNCF to 4.71 eV of H:TNCF. Field emission property and cell compatibility of TNCF and H:TNCF are investigated. Field emission property of TNCF is considerably improved by hydrogen doping, due to a reduced work function and a higher field enhancement factor. In the cell attachment experiments, H:TNCF exhibits more attached cells with a larger cell attachment area, compared with the TNCF sample. The obtained results show H:TNCF prepared by hydrothermal method combined with cold atmospheric‐pressure Ar/H2Plasma jet will be a promising candidate for field emission and biocompatibility applications.
MediTrans—Patient‐centric interoperability through blockchain
Authors: George Merlin , Mary Chacko Anu 
Published: September 2021

SummaryIn order to ensure best health care experience for the user, the user should be able to access or grant access to his medical information as the requirement arises. Currently, when the data are residing in hospital proprietary Electronic Health Record (EHR), this is not possible. Hence there is a requirement for patient operated PHR where the details of the treatment of patient is with the patient. This paper proposes a blockchain‐based, secure interoperable patient‐centric data access management system—MediTrans. In the proposed model, the patient owns his/her treatment related data and stores it in a secure personal health record (PHR) cloud. The tool provides technique for secure transfer of patient related data from Hospital EHR to patient PHR Cloud. Patient can give controlled access of patient's medical data to Health Care Providers for a specific period of time. MediTrans proposes secure access management of data stored in PHR cloud to authorised person via Blockchain Technology and Ciphertext policy attribute‐based encryption technique. The proposed design was evaluated by developing a prototype on Ethereum Blockchain with OpenEMR as the healthcare system. Performance analysis was carried out by varying the size of the data and the number of users. The results obtained were promising, which gives clear insights on the feasibility of the approach taken.
Weight bias among health care professionals: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lawrence Blake J. , Kerr Deborah , Pollard Christina M. , Theophilus Mary , Alexander Elise , Haywood Darren , O’Connor Moira 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveWeight‐biased attitudes and views held by health care professionals can have a negative impact on the patient‐provider relationship and the provision of care, but studies have found mixed results about the extent and nature of bias, which warrants a review of the evidence.MethodsA systematic review and random‐effects meta‐analysis were conducted by including studies up to January 12, 2021.ResultsA total of 41 studies met inclusion criteria, with 17 studies providing sufficient data to be meta‐analyzed. A moderate pooled effect (standardized mean difference = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.37‐0.96) showed that health care professionals demonstrate implicit weight bias. Health care professionals also report explicit weight bias on the Fat Phobia Scale, Antifat Attitudes Scale, and Attitudes Towards Obese Persons Scale. Findings show that medical doctors, nurses, dietitians, psychologists, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, speech pathologists, podiatrists, and exercise physiologists hold implicit and/or explicit weight‐biased attitudes toward people with obesity. A total of 27 different outcomes were used to measure weight bias, and the overall quality of evidence was rated as very low.ConclusionsFuture research needs to adopt more robust research methods to improve the assessment of weight bias and to inform future interventions to address weight bias among health care professionals.
Facile synthesis of three diazido compounds and their application in polyether polytriazido elastomers as solid propellant binders
Authors: Cong Kun , He Jiyu , Yang Rongjie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThree linear diazido compounds as novel binders have been prepared via a one‐step substitution of corresponding bromo‐ended halide. The structures of these novel diazido compounds and their reactivity with alkyne have been characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, GPC, and element analysis. Polytriazolepolyethyelene oxide‐tetrahydrofuran (PTPET) elastomers are prepared by curing alkyne terminated polyethyleneoxide‐tetrahydrofuran (ATPET) with glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) and three novel diazido compounds at different molar ratios of ‐N3 to alkyne. The properties of the PTPET elastomers are measured by TGA, DSC and mechanical apparatus. Plasticizer A3 [1:1 mixture of bis‐(2,2‐dinitropropy) acetal (BDNPA) and bis‐(2,2‐dinitropropyl)] is added thereafter as a comparison. The results revealed that PTPET elastomers synthesized with the novel compounds that have longer ‐CH2 chain and ether group could have better properties and serve as promising binders for propellant components.
Perceptions of parents of pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia on oral chemotherapy administration: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Tang Natalie , Kovacevic Anja , Zupanec Sue , Sivananthan Araby , Patel Rikesh , Patel Priya , Vennettilli Ashlee , Paw Cho Sing Edric , Alexander Sarah , Sung Lillian , Dupuis L. Lee 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the experiences and perspectives of parents of pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) regarding oral chemotherapy administration during maintenance therapy.MethodsEnglish‐speaking parents of patients 4 to <18 years who were receiving ALL maintenance oral chemotherapy were eligible to participate in this mixed methods study. Using semi‐structured interviews, we asked participants how difficult they found oral chemotherapy administration. We also probed regarding barriers and facilitators of oral chemotherapy administration and strategies used to overcome challenges. Lastly, we asked participants for their advice to future parents giving oral chemotherapy to their children.ResultsTwenty‐three participants were interviewed. One‐fifth of participants stated that oral chemotherapy administration at home was hard or very hard. Common factors influencing oral chemotherapy administration were product‐related (e.g., formulation) and treatment‐related adverse effects (e.g., nausea), lifestyle adjustment (e.g., fitting in with family schedule), and attitudes (e.g., onus of medication administration). Strategies to address oral chemotherapy administration included several administration techniques, scheduling of medication administration, and normalization of medication taking.ConclusionsOral chemotherapy administration during ALL maintenance therapy was hard for some parents. Identification of these parents and discussion of strategies to facilitate adherence to oral chemotherapy regimens may optimize patient outcomes.
An experimental study of the transition in the wear regime of brake friction materials
Authors: Barros Liu Y. , Poletto Jean C. , Buneder Diogo , Flores Roberto , Gehlen Gustavo , Neis Patric D. , Ferreira Ney F. , Matozo Luciano T. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBrake friction materials (BFMs) are designed to have low wear rate under different conditions of contact pressure, temperature, and sliding velocity. The conditions to ensure a low wear rate (i.e., a moderate wear regime) between the disc and the BFM are not well established. The present article aims to enhance the comprehension about the wear regimes for BFMs. For this purpose, a commercial BFM was slid against a gray cast iron rotor (disc). Tests were performed under different sliding velocities and with both increasing and decreasing steps of pressure levels. Tribofilm formed on the disc's surface and BFM's wear were monitored during the tests. It was possible to conclude that the previous condition of the surface of the disc, with respect to the presence or absence of tribofilm, affects the required conditions for the transition in the wear regime. The removal of tribofilm on the surface of the disc was affected by high contact pressures and high sliding velocities. Those conditions led to a severe wear regime with a destruction of contact plateaus and an increase in friction and BFM's wear.
Vinyl‐functionalized polyborosiloxane for improving mechanical and flame‐retardancy performances of silicone rubber foam composites
Authors: Du Weining , Yin Chaolu , Huang Hao , Ge Xinguo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this work, we first synthesized vinyl‐terminated polyborosiloxane (pBS) filler, and then incorporated it into silicone rubber foam (SRF) matrix to prepare composite materials through a simple chemical dehydrogenative foaming method under ambient conditions. The pBS filler with reactive groups could form physical and chemical crosslinking networks in SRF, leading to an excellent dispersion level of pBS in the SRF matrix. Moreover, the inserted pBS could remarkably improve the mechanical and flame‐retardancy properties of SRF‐pBS composites. Intriguingly, the SRF‐pBS6 foam containing 6 wt% of pBS possessed a uniform porous structure and balanced mechanical properties (σb = 65.4 kPa, εb = 56.7%, compression stress 97.1 kPa), thermal conductivity (0.102 W (m K)−1), limiting oxygen index (29.8%) and UL‐94 rating (V‐0) among the prepared foams. In addition, the incorporated pBS (6 wt%) could synergistically catalyze the formation of a silicon–boron strengthened ceramic‐like protective layer under fire and was capable of suppressing heat and smoke production in the SRF‐pBS6 foam. The present work provides a promising way for developing high mechanical and flame‐retardant polymeric foam materials with good thermal insulation. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Non‐perturbative Quantum Field Theory and the Geometry of Functional Spaces
Authors: Aastrup Johannes , Grimstrup Jesper Møller 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper we construct a non‐commutative geometry over a configuration space of gauge connections and show that it gives rise to a candidate for an interacting, non‐perturbative quantum gauge theory coupled to a fermionic field on a curved background. The non‐commutative geometry is given by an infinite‐dimensional Bott‐Dirac type operator, whose square gives the Hamilton operator, and which interacts with an algebra generated by holonomy‐diffeomorphisms. The Bott‐Dirac operator and the associated Hilbert space relies on a metric on the configuration space of connections, which effectively works as a covariant ultra‐violet regulator. We show that the construction coincides with perturbative quantum field theory in a local limit. Questions concerning Lorentz invariance and the fermionic sector as well as the issue of existence are left open.
Mean square exponential stabilization of uncertain time‐delay stochastic systems with fractional Brownian motion
Authors: Parvizian Majid , Khandani Khosro 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article is concerned with exponential mean square stabilization of stochastic systems driven by fractional Brownian motion subject to state‐delay and uncertainties by sliding mode control. By applying the proposed method, the states of the system reach the sliding surface in finite time. Then, some sufficient conditions are given in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) to guarantee the mean‐square exponential stability of the sliding motion. The LMI conditions for mean‐square exponential stability of the sliding mode dynamics are derived by constructing a novel Lyapunov functional. Finally, a simulation example is presented which corroborates the accuracy of the results.