bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trade liberalization – Industrialization nexus; a case study of the nigerian economy
Authors: Danladi. Jonathan D. , EJEKWOLU. Chogozie C. , Falaye Motunrayo Helen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper explores trade liberalization- industrialization nexus in the Nigerian Economy.
Both long-run and short-run relationships between these variables were explored. The study spanned through 1981- 2016. The study applied the pre-estimation tests, such as the unit root test, the optimal lag length selection test was performed to ensure the appropriate lag length for the individual annual data series. The Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) analysis was applied following the result of the co-integration test and the pair-wise Granger causality tests was applied to investigate the causal relationship between trade liberalization and industrialization in the Nigerian economy. The results from the VECM analysis revealed a unidirectional long-run causal relationship between trade liberalization and industrialization; but no short run causal relationship between the variables. The pair-wise Granger-causality test result revealed that there was no short run Granger-causal relationship running from trade liberalization to industrialization. The study therefore recommends that the Nigeria government should focus on the production of capital goods and should also make effort at acquiring appropriate technology that will be channeled at the improvement of the industrial sector of the Nigerian economy
Influence of Estrogen Treatment On ESR1+ and ESR1- Cells In ER+ Breast Cancer: Insights From Single-Cell Analysis of Patient-Derived Xenograft Models
Authors: Mori Hitomi , Saeki Kohei , Chang Gregory , Wang Jinhui , Wu Xiwei , Hsu Pei-Yin , Kanaya Noriko , Wang Xiaoqiang , Somlo George , Nakamura Masafumi , Bild Andrea , Chen Shiuan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Estrogen typically promotes the progression of hormone-dependent breast cancer through activation of estrogen receptor (ER)-α encoded by ESR1. While estrogen-induced tumor suppression in ER+ breast cancer has been clinically observed as an unexpected outcome of aromatase inhibitor (AI)-resistance, the molecular mechanisms have not yet been fully defined. Characterization of estrogen regulation in two ER+ breast cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models with opposite responses to estrogen offered us an unprecedented opportunity to assess how 17β-estradiol (E2) modulates ER+ cancer.Methods: We established two PDX breast cancer models in mice using ER+ tumors from patients that responded (SC31) or were suppressed (GS3) by exogenous estrogen. In vivo tumor promotion or suppression by estrogen were confirmed through experiments by implanting E2 pellets in mice carrying SC31 or GS3, and then single-cell analysis was performed.Results: E2 promoted SC31 tumor growth but suppressed growth of GS3 in vivo. The E2-mediated suppression of GS3 involves ERα, which was wild-type and not amplified. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis showed that E2 treatment induced cell cycle promotion in SC31, while E2 induced cell cycle arrest in GS3. However, E2 treatment upregulated the expression of estrogen-regulated genes in both tumors. These gene-expression changes by E2 occurred in both ESR1+ cells and ESR1– cells within the same tumor, demonstrating for the first time the influence of estrogen on ESR1– cells in ER+ breast tumors. E2 also upregulated a tumor suppressor gene, IL24, only in GS3, and lower levels of IL24 were linked to estrogen independence, after three rounds of intermittent E2 treatment. More IL24+ cells were ESR1+ and in G1 phase than IL24– cells. Hallmark apoptosis gene sets were upregulated and the hallmark G2M checkpoint gene set was downregulated in IL24+ cells after E2 treatment.Conclusions: Our study has revealed the effects of estrogen treatment on both ESR1+ and ESR1– cells in ER+ tumors, but not all ER+ cancers respond the same manner to estrogen. SC31 is a tumor that is stimulated by E2, while GS3 is suppressed by E2 via cell cycle arrest. Our results indicate a potential role of IL24 in estrogen-suppressive tumors.
Study of feces of neotropical otters (Lontra longicaudis) in the Ayuquila-Armería basin, Mexico as biomonitors of the spatiotemporal distribution of pesticides
Authors: Rivera Luis Manuel Martinez , Rodríguez-Aguilar Brian , Martínez-Rivera Luis , Muñiz-Valencia Roberto , Mercado-Silva Norman , Iñiguez-Dávalos Luis ignacio , Peregrina-Lucano Alejandro Aaron 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The pesticides used have contributed to increasing food production, it has also caused them to be found in most ecosystems and have negative effects on biota. The neotropical otter (Lontra longicaudis) is vulnerable to pesticides accumulation and is characterized by being elusive, so it is necessary to address the use of indirect techniques that evaluate its populations' state in an efficient, logistically simple, and non-invasive way. This study aimed to determine the concentration of 20 pesticides in neotropical otter feces in the Ayuquila-Armería basin and to describe the spatiotemporal variation of these pesticides. The presence of 11 pesticides was determined. Imazalil, picloram, and malathion the pesticides with the highest concentrations; emamectin, λ-cyhalothrin, methomyl, and picloram were present in all samples. Emamectin was the only pesticide that presented significant differences concerning the temporality of the samplings, presenting higher concentrations in the wet season. Molinate concentrations showed significant differences concerning the location of the sampling sections in the basin, the lower part of the basin presented higher concentrations. The distribution of the populations of L. longicaudis in the Ayuquila-Armería basin does not respond to the degree of contamination by pesticides in surface waters or to the proximity to agricultural activities, and this in places with evident chemical and organic contamination and human presence. The use of otter feces for pesticide monitoring is an accepted non-invasive method to assess the degree of exposure and can be used to determine sites with pollution problems.
Central role of the habenulo-interpeduncular system in
the neurodevelopmental basis of susceptibility and resilience to anxiety
Authors: Rakotobe Malalaniaina , Fjerdingstad Niels , Ruiz-Reig Nuria , Lamonerie Thomas , D'Autréaux Fabien 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Experiencing stress during sensitive periods of brain development has a major impact on how individuals cope with later stress. Although many become more prone to develop anxiety or depression, some appear resilient. The mechanisms underlying these differences are unknown. Key answers may lie in how genetic and environmental stressors interact to shape the circuits controlling emotions. Here we studied the role of the habenulo-interpeducuncular system (HIPS), a critical node of reward circuits, in early stress-induced anxiety. We found that a subcircuit of this system, characterized by Otx2 expression, is particularly responsive to chronic stress during puberty, which induces HIPS hypersensitivity to later stress and susceptibility to develop anxiety. We further show that Otx2 deletion restricted to the HIPS counteracts these effects of stress.
Together, these results demonstrate that Otx2 and stress interact, around puberty, to shape the HIPS stress-response, revealed here as a key modulator of susceptibility/resilience to develop anxiety.
Trading deforestation - Why the legality of forest-risk commodities is insufficient
Authors: Reis Tiago , Faria Vinicius , Lopes Gabriela , Sparovek Gerd , West Christopher , Rajão Raoni Guerra Lucas , Ferreira Mariana , Elvira Marcelo , Vale Raul 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Consumer countries and blocs, including the UK and the EU, are defining legal measures to tackle deforestation linked to commodity imports, potentially requiring imported goods to comply with the relevant producer countries’ land-use laws. Nonetheless, this measure is insufficient to address global deforestation. Using Brazil’s example of a key exporter of forest-risk commodities, here we show that it has ~3.25 Mha of natural habitat (~152.8 million tons of CO2) at a high risk of legal deforestation until 2025. Additionally, the country’s legal framework is going through modifications to legalize agricultural production in illegally deforested areas. What was illegal may become legal shortly. Hence, a legality criterion adopted by consumer countries is insufficient to protect forests and other ecosystems and may worsen deforestation and conversion risks by incentivizing the weakening of social-environmental protection by producer countries.
Carbon flux and alkaline volcanism: Evidence from carbonatite-like carbonate minerals in trachytes, Ulleung Island, South Korea
Authors: Chen ShuangShuang , Ren Minghua , Lee Hyejeong , Smith Eugene , Huang Shichun , Lee Seung Gu , Lee TaeJong , Gao Rui 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Carbon flux metasomatism in the subduction environment is an important process, but it remains poorly understood. The paucity of exposed lower crust and upper mantle rocks in continental arcs renders xenoliths a major target for studying the slab-derived carbon cycle. This study of the carbonate phases in volcanic rocks from three drill cores in Ulleung Island, South Korea, sheds light on the interaction of carbon flux in the upper mantle and lower crust in a back-arc setting. The volcanic rocks from Ulleung Island range in composition from trachybasalt to trachyte and contain abundant euhedral pseudomorphic carbonate grains, ulvöspinel-hosted and biotite-hosted carbonate-silicate melt inclusions, and irregular carbonate globules. Integrated petrographic and geochemical studies of a variety of phenocrysts, carbonate phases, and carbonate-silicate inclusions in biotite and ulvöspinel indicate that recharging of carbon flux affected magma evolution. Carbon and oxygen isotopes of the pseudomorphic carbonate grains overlap with mantle values, indicating a carbonatite-like origin of the carbonate phases. The (MgO, FeO, CaO)-rich silicates in ulvöspinel-hosted silicate inclusions and pseudomorphic carbonate grains likely represent a primary melt, which formed from the partial melting of carbonated eclogite of the subducted slab within the mantle wedge beneath Ulleung Island. A petrogenetic model is proposed to illustrate that the crystal mush in the magma chamber was intruded by carbonate-rich liquids and caused alteration of cumulate crystals to generate the euhedral pseudomorphic carbonate grains. The extrusive magma captured those pseudomorphic grains and erupted to form the trachybasalt-trachyte units. The observed carbonate phases and their geochemical characteristics indicate that carbon flux metasomatism played a fundamental role in this back-arc magmatism.
Lumping and splitting: Toward a classification of mineral natural kinds
Authors: Hazen Robert M. , Morrison Shaunna M. , Krivovichev Sergey V. , Downs Robert T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHow does one best subdivide nature into kinds? All classification systems require rules for lumping similar objects into the same category, while splitting differing objects into separate categories. Mineralogical classification systems are no exception. Our work in placing mineral species within their evolutionary contexts necessitates this lumping and splitting because we classify “mineral natural kinds” based on unique combinations of formational environments and continuous temperature-pressure-composition phase space. Consequently, we lump two minerals into a single natural kind only if they: (1) are part of a continuous solid solution; (2) are isostructural or members of a homologous series; and (3) form by the same process. A systematic survey based on these criteria suggests that 2310 (~41%) of 5659 IMA-approved mineral species can be lumped with one or more other mineral species, corresponding to 667 “root mineral kinds,” of which 353 lump pairs of mineral species, while 129 lump three species. Eight mineral groups, including cancrinite, eudialyte, hornblende, jahnsite, labuntsovite, satorite, tetradymite, and tourmaline, are represented by 20 or more lumped IMA-approved mineral species. A list of 5659 IMA-approved mineral species corresponds to 4016 root mineral kinds according to these lumping criteria.The evolutionary system of mineral classification assigns an IMA-approved mineral species to two or more mineral natural kinds under either of two splitting criteria: (1) if it forms in two or more distinct paragenetic environments, or (2) if cluster analysis of the attributes of numerous specimens reveals more than one discrete combination of chemical and physical attributes. A total of 2310 IMA-approved species are known to form by two or more paragenetic processes and thus correspond to multiple mineral natural kinds; however, adequate data resources are not yet in hand to perform cluster analysis on more than a handful of mineral species.We find that 1623 IMA-approved species (~29%) correspond exactly to mineral natural kinds; i.e., they are known from only one paragenetic environment and are not lumped with another species in our evolutionary classification. Greater complexity is associated with 587 IMA-approved species that are both lumped with one or more other species and occur in two or more paragenetic environments. In these instances, identification of mineral natural kinds may involve both lumping and splitting of the corresponding IMA-approved species on the basis of multiple criteria.Based on the numbers of root mineral kinds, their known varied modes of formation, and predictions of minerals that occur on Earth but are as yet undiscovered and described, we estimate that Earth holds more than 10 000 mineral natural kinds.
Comparative study on heterogeneous and homogeneous catalytic ozonation efficiency in micropollutants' removal
Authors: Psaltou S. , Kaprara E. , Mitrakas M. , Zouboulis A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Catalytic ozonation was applied for the removal of small concentrations (4 μM) of micropollutants benzotriazole, carbamazepine, p-CBA from aqueous solutions at pH 7. These compounds present different physicochemical characteristics and different kinetic rate constants, when reacting with ozone or hydroxyl radicals in the ranges of &lt;0.15–3 × 105, 5.2 × 109, and 8.8 × 109 M−1s−1, respectively. Calcite was used as heterogeneous catalyst and its catalytic activity evaluated, by applying (and optimized) different experimental conditions (i.e., pH, temperature, ozone concentration), concerning the removal efficiency of p-CBA. Study of micropollutants' removal showed all examined organic compounds can be sufficiently removed by application of catalytic ozonation either by use of calcite, or by presence of Co(II) or Fe(II) (applied as homogeneous catalysts), while the optimum catalyst between them was found to be calcite. Carbamazepine with kO3 = 3 × 105 M−1s−1 can be easily removed, even by application of single ozonation, while benzotriazole and p-CBA resulted in 50% and 68.2% higher removal after application of catalytic ozonation within 3 min of oxidation reaction, due to acceleration of hydroxyl radicals' production by presence of calcite in the ozonation system. The contribution of hydroxyl radicals in removal of all three micropollutants was evaluated by extraction of Rct and f•OH parameters.
Quantitative assessment of the dynamics and attribution of arable land water scarcity for arid and semiarid areas based on water footprint framework: the Inner Mongolia case
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Meng Fanhao , Luo Min 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Growing water shortages have been a systemic risk around the world, especially in arid and semi arid areas, seriously threatening global food security and human well-being. Reasonable and accurate evaluations of the water shortages of cultivated lands provide scientific reference for irrigation strategies. In this study, to better understand the distribution and cause of water scarcity for arid and semiarid areas, we used the arable land water scarcity index (AWSI), based on water footprint theory, to accurately estimate the temporal and spatial patterns of the AWSI of Inner Mongolia in China over 1999–2018, and further reveal the key factors influencing the AWSI distribution. The AWSI distribution pattern of Inner Mongolia was high in the southwest and low in the northeast, with an average value of 0.63 and indicating high water stress for a long time. The AWSI presented an increasing trend in 1999–2018, being slow in the west (change rate2%) and fast in the east (2%). The main factors that significantly affected the AWSI were precipitation, relative humidity, and agricultural planting area. This study can provide scientific reference for the formulation of agricultural water management and sustainable use strategies in arid and semiarid areas.
Preparation and application of an innovative integrated agent product for phosphorus control and oxygen release
Authors: Zhou Zhikang , Liu Yulong , Gu Xiaogang , Yang Chaoxiang , Lyu Shuguang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this study, an oxygen-releasing and phosphorus-controlling agent (ORPC) consisting of calcium peroxide (CaO2), bentonite, cement, stearic acid (SA), citric acid (CA) and fine sand was synthesized successfully and used to purify phosphorus-rich river water. The removal of phosphorus using ORPC was studied in actual river water and the results found that over 75.0% phosphorus was removed by adding ORPC at 30 mL h−1 flow rate in initial phosphorus concentrations of 0.76 mg L−1. The ORPC was further used to evaluate the changes of aluminum phosphate (Al-P), ferric phosphate (Fe-P) and calcium phosphate (Ca-P) in sediment. Fe-P, Al-P, and Ca-P in the sediment increased from 0.14, 0.196, and 1.63 mg g−1 to 0.159, 0.372, and 2.74 mg g−1 respectively within 28 days, indicating that the total dissolved phosphorus in the overlying water could be adsorbed by ORPC and further transformed into Al-P, Ca-P, and Fe-P in the sediment, thus inhibiting the release of endogenous phosphorus in sediment to the water. In addition, the performance of ORPC with various contents of SA and CaO2 was investigated. In summary, ORPC can be employed to adsorb phosphorus in water and prevent phosphorus release from sediment, therefore achieving the purpose of controlling phosphorus and maintaining DO at a reasonable level.
Cardiac Fitness Index based on Treadmill Heart Rate monitoring and it’s Mathematical Simulation
Authors: Ghista Dr. Dhanjoo 
Published: August 2021

: In a clinic, cardiologists use the heart rate variation to determine the cardiac fitness of a patient. For this purpose, they monitor their heart rate while on the treadmill and after the patient has gone off the treadmill. However, they only monitor their heart rate values, and not the trend of the heart rate variation. In order to characterize the cardiac fitness, we need to develop an index which describes the trend of heart rate variation while on and off the treadmill. In this paper, we have determined the heart rate variation equation. The equation for on the treadmill is given by:	HR = HRe*t^-k2. The range of k1 was found to be 0.2 to 0.25. The range of k2 was found to be -0.2 to -0.3. Then we formulated the Cardiac Fitness Index (CFI) Formula: CFI = k2/k1×HRo/(HRe-HRo)× (HRe-HRf)/HRe ×100 HRo is the initial rate at the time of getting on the treadmill, HRe is the heart rate at the end of 10 minutes on the treadmill, and HRf is the final value of the heart rate at 10 minutes after getting off the treadmill. In this evaluated four patients and calculated their values of their CFIs. Based on this, we found the range of CFI to be from 87 to 34 with 87 being the highest and 34 being the lowest. Our intent is to monitor more subjects and find out the ranges for normal subjects and find out the ranges for normal subjects and subjects with cardiac symptoms. This can enable the cardiologist to diagnose a subject with cardiac issues and recommend the subject for further tests, to determine the precise nature of the cardiac problem. Now our Cardiac Fitness Index can be employed by cardiologists to make that decision. In fact, it can also be used at home to determine the cardiac fitness, and stay fit. Thus, our paper will enable both medical and non-medical people to assess their cardiac fitness and hence will have a wide range of applications.
Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics Method for Cross-flow Turbine in Pico Scale
Authors: Syofi'i Imam , Adanta Dendy , Prakoso Aji Putro , Sari Dewi Puspita 
Published: August 2021

Crisis electricity was a crucial issue in the rural area. Crossflow turbine (CFT) in pico in pico scale is the best option for electricity provider for rural areas. Due to its usefulness and development of computer technology, computational fluid dynamics method application for CFT study becomes increasingly frequent. This paper compiles the implementation of the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) approach for CFT on a pico scale. Based on the literature, the Renormalization Group (RNG) turbulence model is recommended to predict the flow field that occurs in CFT because its error is lower than others turbulence models, the RNG error of 3.08%, standard of 3.19%, and transitional SST of 3.10%. Furthermore, six-degrees of freedom (6-DoF) is recommended because it has an error of 3.1% than a moving mesh of 9.5% for the unsteady approach. Thus, based on the review, the RNG turbulence model and 6-DoF are recommended for the CFT on the pico scale.
Memahami Multikulturalisme Orang Betawi: Modal kultural untuk Efektivitas Komunikasi Antarbudaya Masa Kini
Authors: Halimatusa'diah  
Published: August 2021

Dinamika komunikasi kontemporer, tak pernah bisa lepas dari persoalan interaksi antarbudaya dalam masyarakat kita yang majemuk. Keberagaman suku bangsa atau etnis di Indonesia di satu sisi memang menjadi anugrah kekayaan kultural yang jarang dimiliki oleh bangsa-bangsa lain. Makalah ini berpijak pada apa yang dikemukakan oleh Edward T. Hall yang mengemukakan bahwa budaya adalah komunikasi dan komunikasi adalah budaya. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan wawancara mendalam kepada beberapa narasumber baik dari Orang Betawi maupun orang di luar Betawi. Selain wawancara, studi literatur juga dilakukan guna mendukung argumen dalam penelitian ini. Sikap terbuka dan egaliter orang Betawi juga terobservasi melalui gaya komunikasi mereka. Secara umum, pola komunikasi Orang Betawi berada dalam komunikasi konteks rendah dan juga konteks tinggi.