bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIV-1 molecular transmission network among sexually transmitted populations in Liaoning Province, China
Authors: Ma Ning , Chen Xing-hua , Zhao Yan , Kang Xu , Pan Shan , Yao Wen-qing 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
In recent years, with the development of molecular epidemiology, molecular transmission networks based on evolutionary theory and sequence analysis have been widely used in research on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 transmission dynamics and precise intervention for high-risk populations. The HIV-1 molecular transmission network is a new method to study the population's access to the network, the characteristics of clustering, and the characteristics of interconnection in the network. Here, we analyzed the characteristics of the HIV-1 molecular transmission network of sexually transmitted people in Liaoning Province.

Methods:
A study of HIV-infected persons who were sexually transmitted in Liaoning Province from 2003 to 2019. HIV-1 RNA was extracted, amplified and sequenced, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed to determine the subtype using the well matched pol gene region sequence. The gene distance between sequences was calculated, the threshold was determined, and the molecular transmission network was constructed.

Results:
109 samples of pol gene region were obtained. The main subtype of HIV-1 was CRF01_AE, followed by B, CRF07_BC, etc. 12.8% of them were resistant to HIV. At the threshold of 0.55 gene distance, 60.6% of them entered the HIV-1 molecular transmission network. Workers, sample source voluntary counseling and testing, other testing, subtype B and drug resistance are the factors influencing the access to HIV-1 molecular transmission network. The subtype of CRF01_AE formed 6 clusters in the molecular transmission network. In the network, the difference of connection degree between different subtypes was statistically significant.

Discussion:
The three subtypes CRF01_AE, CRF07_BC and B that enter the molecular transmission network do not have interconnections, and they form clusters with each other. It shows that the risk of transmission among the three subtypes is less than the risk of transmission within each subtype. The factors affecting HIV-1 entry into the molecular transmission network were occupation, sample source, genotype and drug resistance. The L33F mutation at the HIV-1 resistance mutation site constitutes the interconnection in the largest transmission cluster in the network. The epidemiological characteristics of HIV-infected persons in each molecular transmission cluster show that 97% of the study subjects come from the same area and have a certain spatial aggregation.

Conclusion:
Constructing a molecular transmission network and conducting long-term monitoring, while taking targeted measures to block the spread of HIV can achieve precise prevention and control.
Assessment of fetal cardiac diastolic function of gestational diabetes mellitus using dual-gate Doppler
Authors: Hou Qingsha , Yan Fang , Dong Xudong , Liu Huanling , Wu Jie , Li Jiao , Ding Yunchuan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), as a common complication of pregnancy, has an increasing trend globally. GDM leads to maternal complications and fetal complications. Fetal cardiac diastolic dysfunction is strongly associated with GDM. This study aims to assess the ventricular diastolic function of fetuses exposed to GDM by looking into the diagnostic parameters using both conventional method and Dual-gate Doppler method (DD). And to investigate the potential of DD method in early detection of fetal cardiac diastolic dysfunction.
56 women diagnosed with GDM and 55 non-GDM pregnant women were enrolled in their 24 to 30 weeks of gestation. Conventional method and DD method were applied to measure mitral and tricuspid inflow velocities E-waves, A-waves on pulsed-wave Doppler, and mitral and tricuspid annular velocities e′-waves, a’-waves on Tissue Doppler imaging. E/A, e’/a’ and E/e′ ratio was calculated. The difference between GDM and control groups was statistically tested and analysed using one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Student t test, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test and Bland–Altman plot analysis.
Intraobserver intraclass correlation coefficients of E/A, e’/a’, and E/e’ value of both mitral and tricuspid valve are all greater than 0.80, while interobserver intraclass correlation coefficients are between 0.71 and 0.88. Right (6.35 vs 6.79; P = .001) ventricular function showed significantly lower E/e’ ratios in the GDM group compared with control fetuses by conventional method. Both left (6.16 vs 6.59; P = .036) and right (6.28 vs 6.75; P = .01) ventricular function showed significantly lower E/e’ ratios in the GDM group compared with control fetuses by DD method.
Exposure to high level of maternal blood glucose leads to impaired diastolic function in the fetuses. Fetal right ventricular function is a potential key point to study to enable an early detection for fetal diastolic dysfunction since the alteration and damage are more likely to happen in right ventricular. Measurement of E/e’ ratio using DD method is considered as a promising method in fetal cardiac diastolic function assessment. Well or poorly control of the GDM does not have significant influence on the fetal diastolic function thus an early detection of GDM and GDM induced fetal cardiac dysfunction is necessary.
Cryptococcal infection presenting as soft tissue abscess and arthritis
Authors: Cho Yong Jin , Han Song Iy , Lim Sung-Chul 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Cryptococcal infection has been documented in immunocompromised patients. AIDS and renal transplant recipients account for majority of the cases. Most cases present with central nervous system or disseminated disease, with only few presenting soft tissue, bone, and joint manifestations.

Patient concerns:
We present a case of soft tissue mass in a 66-year-old female renal transplant recipient and that of arthritis in a 64-year-old immunocompetent man who presented pseudogout arthropathy. Chest radiographies of both cases were negative. Biopsy revealed cryptococcal organisms. Blood culture or cerebrospinal fluid sampling indicated positive results for cryptococcal antigen.

Diagnosis:

Cryptococcus neoformans was recovered in the wound culture.

Interventions:
The patients received intravenous fluconazole and flucytosine, followed by oral fluconazole administration.

Outcomes:
Symptomatic improvements were achieved and no subsequent relapses were observed.

Lessons:
The authors experienced 2 cases of cryptococcosis with very unusual clinical presentation. Early clinical suspicion and serum cryptococcal antigen testing can help in rapid appropriate diagnosis in immunocompetent as well as immunocompromised patients even in the absence of pulmonary involvement.
Interaction between ALDH2 rs671 and life habits affects the risk of hypertension in Koreans
Authors: Kim Sung-Soo , Park Sangjung , Jin Hyun-Seok 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) is associated with the risk of hypertension, and the effects of lifestyle factors on blood pressure vary according to genotype. Among the Han Chinese, the risk of hypertension is lower in the group with the rs671 A allele than in the group with the G allele, and there is a significant association between the frequency of fried food consumption and hypertension. However, the A allele significantly increases the risk of hypertension with increased fried food intake. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the relationship between ALDH2 polymorphism and complex lifestyle habits (fried food consumption and exercise) on hypertension.
rs671 polymorphisms of ALDH2 were examined using Korean genome and epidemiology data from 8157 hypertensive cases and 9550 controls. Further, we investigated whether the A allele is protective against hypertension in Koreans and explored the effect of the combination of fried food intake and exercise habits on hypertension by genotype.
The genotype frequencies of rs671, which is specific to East Asia, were 2.51% AA, 26.66% GA, and 70.83% GG in the Korean population. The group with inactive aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 had a low odds ratio [OR = 0.75 (95% CI:0.69–0.80), P = 4.35 × 10−14] of hypertension, and low metabolism of acetaldehyde. Subjects carrying the A allele exhibited an increased risk of hypertension with increased fried food intake without exercise [OR = 2.256 (95% CI:1.094–4.654), P = .028].

ALDH2 polymorphism and complex lifestyle habits (fried food consumption and exercise) are associated with the risk of hypertension. Further, the A allele is associated with a low risk of hypertension, but it increases the risk of hypertension as fried food intake without exercise increases.
Feasibility of cortical bone trajectory screws for bridging fixation in revision surgery for lumbar adjacent segment degeneration
Authors: Wang Long , Zhao Yong-Hui , Cai Xing-Bo , Liang Jin-Long , Luo Hao-Tian , Ma Yu-Long , Xu Yong-Qing , Lu Sheng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background:
To investigate the feasibility of using cortical bone trajectory (CBT) screws for bridging fixation in revision surgery for lumbar adjacent segment degeneration and to provide a reference for clinical practice.

Methods:
Computed tomography scans of the lumbar spines of 36 patients in our hospital were used. Sixteen males and 20 females with an average age of 65.5 ± 10.5 years (range: 46 to 83 years) were included. Three-dimensional reconstruction was performed using computer software. Screws with appropriate sizes were selected for the L1 to L5 vertebral segments, and traditional pedicle screws were placed using the standard method. After completing screw placement, simulated placement of CBT screws was performed separately. No overlap occurred between the two screws in the process of CBT screw placement, and the placement point and direction were adjusted until screw placement completion. After all screw placement simulations were complete, according to the contact area of the cortical bone of the screw trajectory and the screw puncture position and distance through the trajectory, the screw placement results were categorized as excellent, good, general, and failure. Excellent and good ratings were considered successful, while a general rating was regarded as acceptable. Then, the success rate and acceptable rate of each segment of the lumbar spine were calculated.

Results:
Three hundred and sixty screw placement simulations were performed in lumbar pedicles, and 72 CBT screws were implanted in each vertebral body of the lumbar spine. The success rates in the L1 to L5 segments were 73.6%, 80.6%, 83.3%, 88.9%, and 77.8%, respectively, and the acceptable rates were 91.7%, 97.2%, 97.2%, 100%, and 91.7%, respectively. The overall success rate and acceptable rate of CBT screw placement in the lumbar spine were 80.8% and 95.6%, respectively.

Conclusion:
CBT screws are feasible for bridging fixation in lumbar adjacent segment degeneration revision surgery, and the accuracy of screw placement in different lumbar vertebrae varies.
Concomitant Pediatric Burns and Craniomaxillofacial Trauma
Authors: Xun Helen , Lopez Christopher D. , Lee Erica , Dorafshar Amir H. , Manson Paul N. , Caffrey Julie , Hultman Scott , Lopez Joseph , Redett Richard J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study is the first to investigate pediatric craniomaxillofacial (CMF) trauma patients that present with concomitant burns. The authors aim to identify differing etiologies, presentations, facial fracture patterns, interventions, and outcomes between pediatric CMF trauma patients with versus without concomitant burns. In this retrospective cohort study of a tertiary care center between the years 1990 and 2010, concomitant burns were identified among pediatric patients presenting with CMF fractures. Patient charts were reviewed for demographics, presentation, burn characteristics (total body surface area %, location, and degree), imaging, interventions, involvement of child protective services, and long-term outcomes. Data were analyzed using two-tailed Student t tests and chi-square analysis. Of the identified 2966 pediatric CMF trauma patients (64.0% boys; age 7 ± 4.7 years), 10 (0.34%) patients presented with concomitant burns. Concomitant burn and CMF traumas were more likely to be due to penetrating injuries (P < 0.0001) and had longer hospital lengths of stay (13 ± 18.6 versus 4 ± 6.2 days, P < 0.0001). 40% were due to child abuse, 40% due to motor vehicle collisions, and 20% due to house fires. All four child abuse patients presented in a delayed fashion; operative burn care was prioritized and 70% of the CMF fractures were managed nonoperatively. Concomitant burn and CMF trauma is a rare injury pattern in pediatrics and warrants skeletal surveys with suspicious injury patterns. Future research is necessary to develop practice guidelines.
Single-Sided Segmental Maxillary Osteotomies for Alveolar Cleft Deformities
Authors: Reategui Alvaro , Khetpal Sumun , Peck Connor , Lopez Joseph , Steinbacher Derek 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Although the use of a one-sided segmental maxillary osteotomy has been described for repairing alveolar clefts, there remains little consensus regarding the indications and outcomes of such approaches. This brief clinical note aims to summarize previous studies of one-sided segmental maxillary osteotomies for alveolar cleft (AC) repair. A literature search yielded only 2 articles that described the use of a single-sided segmental maxillary osteotomies (SMO) for AC repair. The overall outcomes for the implementation of SMO in correcting AC were positive without major or minor complications. Although the available studies show promising results for the single-sided SMO technique, further validation is warranted to assess the indications and outcomes for this technique.
Chondrogenic Characteristics of Auricular Chondrocytes Cocultured With Adipose-Derived Stem Cells are Superior to Stromal Vascular Fraction of Adipose Tissue
Authors: Jia Lingling , Yang Mingyong , Jiang Haiyue , Liu Xia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Reconstruction of craniofacial cartilage defects is among the most challenging operations in facial plastic surgery. The co-culture system of partial replacement of chondrocytes by stem cells has been confirmed effective in the repair of cartilaginous defects. The aim of this study is to compare chondrogenic properties of expanded adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and stromal vascular fraction (SVF), including ADSCs/SVF monoculture and coculture with rabbit auricular chondrocytes (ACs). Analysis of morphology, histology, real-time polymerase chain reaction and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) quantification were performed to characterize the chondrogenesis of pellets. The triple differentiation potential of ADSCs had been confirmed. Further, using flow cytometry, the authors demonstrated that ADSCs and SVF have different characteristics in cell surface markers, and ADSCs are more enriched in cells from the mesenchymal lineage than SVF. GAG production of ADSCs is significantly higher than that of SVF in pellet monoculture, and pellet coculture of ADSCs and ACs are better in depositing cartilage matrix than the mixture of SVF and ACs. Our study suggests that ADSCs may be more suitable seed cells for craniofacial cartilage defect or deformity repair.
Focal Idiopathic Calvarial Thinning: A Condition of Uncertain Prevalence and Significance
Authors: Watson Luke , Hovav Oliver , Phua Yun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Focal thinning of the calvarial bones unrelated to an underlying systemic disease is uncommon. Of such cases documented in the medical literature, most are bilateral parietal bone thinning, which tends to affect elderly females and results in bilateral symmetric, regularly shaped depressions of the skull. The authors describe 2 cases of unilateral, focal, irregularly shaped calvarial thinning in adolescent males that occurred without an obvious precipitating incident and were unrelated to systemic disease, a known syndrome or previous trauma. The nature and physical parameters of the deformities are demonstrated here and specific historic features such as age of onset and mode of obstetric delivery are explored. The clinical significance and potential pathogenesis of this finding is unclear, though these cases are relevant in highlighting a novel presentation that we henceforth term focal idiopathic calvarial thinning.
Comparison of Real-Time Speech Magnetic Resonance Imagings With Perceptual Speech Analysis in Evaluation Velopharyngeal Sphincter Function
Authors: Yildiz-Deger Tugba Feryal , Cinar Fatih , Baghaki Semih , Demiroz Anil , Polat Zahra , Kocer Naci , Aydin Yagmur 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Identifying substantial data and their normative values related to velopharyngeal structures in cleft palate patients may have clinical significance, in order to selection of surgical intervention and prediction of postsurgical outcomes. Previous studies are lack of referring certain anatomic locations or distances that may have affect on speech intelligibility, especially in dynamic state. The aim of this study is to investigate effectiveness of magnetic resonance imagings on the velopharyngeal sphincter function and the correlation with speech intelligibility after functional cleft palate repair. Seventeen patients with repaired cleft palate by single surgeon were enrolled in this study.
Quantitative velopharyngeal measures from the oblique coronal plane and midsagittal plane in static and dynamic positions were collected. Patients’ speech intelligibility was evaluated by using Pittsburgh Weighted Speech Scale and nasalance score was also measured. Correlation analysis methods were used for evaluating relation between MRI gathered measurements and speech intelligibility scores for determining
consequential data.
Our study shows that the velar knee-posterior pharyngeal wall distance measurement while explosive sound production is the most related data with speech intelligibility. Although future works with more sample number is needed, according to current study the authors think magnetic resonance imagings is a very helpful method in providing reliable information.
Results of Lip Adhesion in Wide Unilateral Complete Cleft Lip Patients
Authors: Lee Hyun Seung , Bae Yong Chan , Seo Hyung Joon 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Long-term follow-up results of many surgical techniques for lip adhesion are unavailable. Thus, we report the surgical results of patients who underwent lip adhesions performed by a single surgeon. We retrospectively analyzed two-dimensional photographs of 29 patients aged 1 year who underwent lip adhesion and definite lip repair. Among these patients, we analyzed the photographs of 20 patients aged 6 years who underwent secondary rhinoplasty. The ratio of the cleft side length to the noncleft side length was calculated. Only the upper lip length in the photographs of 1-year-olds was measured; both the upper lip and nose lengths were measured in the photographs of 6-year-olds. Lip width, vermilion height, and medial lip height on the cleft and non-cleft sides of 1-year-olds were not significantly different; the alar base width ratio was 1.17 ± 0.15, and the lateral lip height ratio was 0.91 ± 0.09 (P < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in lip width and vermilion height between the cleft and non-cleft sides of the upper lip of 6-year-olds; the alar base width ratio was 1.22 ± 0.16, medial lip height ratio was 1.11 ± 0.11, and lateral lip height ratio was 0.89 ± 0.09 (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the alar projection and nasal dome height on the cleft side of the nose; the nostril height and width ratios were 0.82 ± 0.11 and 1.31 ± 0.21 (P < 0.001), respectively. These consecutively performed lip adhesions for patients with wide unilateral complete cleft lip resulted in excellent long-term results. Therefore, lip adhesion for wide unilateral complete cleft lip is a reasonable alternative to presurgical molding.
Correction of Severe Facial Asymmetry in Patients With Unilateral Craniofacial Microsomia Using Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing Technology: An Evaluation of Postsurgical Results
Authors: Shetye Pradip R. , Grayson Barry H. , McCarthy Joseph G. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This is a retrospective study to evaluate the postsurgical position of the maxilla and mandible in 5 matured craniofacial patients with unilateral craniofacial microsomia who underwent 2 jaw surgical procedures using computerized surgical planning. The craniofacial surgeon and orthodontist completed the virtual surgical treatment plan with a biomedical engineer's assistance via a web meeting. The treatment plan of each patient included 2 jaw surgery with genioplasty. At the maxillary dental midline, the planned mean advancement was 4 mm; yaw, a rotational correction towards the unaffected side was 4.96 mm; and impaction was 2.74 mm. The mean advancement measured at point B was 10.5 mm, and the rotational correction towards the unaffected side was 6.58 mm. The mean advancement following genioplasty was 8.43 mm, and the mean transverse correction was 6.33 mm towards the midsagittal plane. The intermediate surgical splint, final surgical splint, bone graft templates, and cutting guides were constructed utilizing computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing technology. The surgeon executed the treatment plan in the operating room using appropriate computer-generated guides and splints. A postsurgical cone-beam computed tomography scan was obtained and superimposed on the surgical treatment plan using Simplant OMS 10.1 software. The cranial base was used as a reference for superimposition. Three-dimensional color-coded displacement maps were generated to visually and quantitatively assess the surgical outcome. There was a mean error of 0.88 mm (+0.30) for the position of the maxillary anatomical structures from the planned position, and the anterior mandibular anatomical structures were on average 0.96 mm (+0.26) from the planned position.
Evaluation of Nasal Function and Upper Airway Morphology After Bi-Maxillary Surgery Using Rhinomanometry and Computed Tomography
Authors: Tsutsui Takamitsu , Moroi Akinori , Yoshizawa Kunio , Takayama Akihiro , Saito Yuki , Ueki Koichiro 
Published: July 2021

Purpose:
This study was performed to evaluate changes in nasal airflow, nasal airway resistance, nasal cross-sectional area, pharyngeal horizontal area, nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal volume following Le Fort I osteotomy (L1) impaction with sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) in classes II and III.

Materials and Methods:
The subjects consisted of 35 patients (6 males and 29 females, 70 sides) 17 of which were diagnosed as class II and 18 as class III who underwent L1 and SSRO. Nasal airflow and resistance were measured using the rhinomanometry system (GM NR-6 EXECUTIVE) before and at 1 and 6 months after surgery. Nasal, cross-sectional area, and volume were measured using a 3-dimensional computed tomography respectively, before and 1-year after surgery.

Results:
Although a significant decrease was found in nasal volume after surgery (P = 0.0042), there was no difference between before and after surgery in the nasal airway resistance in class II.
A significant decrease in nasal volume was found after surgery (P = 0.0005) and there were no postoperative changes in both nasal airflow and resistance in class III.

Conclusion:
The study suggested that L1 impaction with SSRO did not worsen nasal function such as nasal airflow and nasal airway resistance, although nasal volume significantly decreased in both groups.