bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic features of cancer cachexia‐related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function: lessons from human and animal studies
Authors: Martin Agnès , Freyssenet Damien 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCancer cachexia is a complex multi‐organ catabolic syndrome that reduces mobility, increases fatigue, decreases the efficiency of therapeutic strategies, diminishes the quality of life, and increases the mortality of cancer patients. This review provides an exhaustive and comprehensive analysis of cancer cachexia‐related phenotypic changes in skeletal muscle at both the cellular and subcellular levels in human cancer patients, as well as in animal models of cancer cachexia. Cancer cachexia is characterized by a major decrease in skeletal muscle mass in human and animals that depends on the severity of the disease/model and the localization of the tumour. It affects both type 1 and type 2 muscle fibres, even if some animal studies suggest that type 2 muscle fibres would be more prone to atrophy. Animal studies indicate an impairment in mitochondrial oxidative metabolism resulting from a decrease in mitochondrial content, an alteration in mitochondria morphology, and a reduction in mitochondrial metabolic fluxes. Immuno‐histological analyses in human and animal models also suggest that a faulty mechanism of skeletal muscle repair would contribute to muscle mass loss. An increase in collagen deposit, an accumulation of fat depot outside and inside the muscle fibre, and a disrupted contractile machinery structure are also phenotypic features that have been consistently reported in cachectic skeletal muscle. Muscle function is also profoundly altered during cancer cachexia with a strong reduction in skeletal muscle force. Even though the loss of skeletal muscle mass largely contributes to the loss of muscle function, other factors such as muscle–nerve interaction and calcium handling are probably involved in the decrease in muscle force. Longitudinal analyses of skeletal muscle mass by imaging technics and skeletal muscle force in cancer patients, but also in animal models of cancer cachexia, are necessary to determine the respective kinetics and functional involvements of these factors. Our analysis also emphasizes that measuring skeletal muscle force through standardized tests could provide a simple and robust mean to early diagnose cachexia in cancer patients. That would be of great benefit to cancer patient's quality of life and health care systems.
Honeycomb in the heart: A rare case of hydatid cyst of the interventricular septum
Authors: Singh Avneet , Negi Sunder , Kumar Rupesh , Toshkani Dheemta , Niyogi Subrashish Guha 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe incidence of cardiac hydatid disease, caused by Echinococcus granulosus, is 0.5% to 2% in the sheep grazing areas of developing and under‐developed countries. The cyst can be present in the interventricular septum in 5% to 9% of the patients, along with conduction block or arrythmia. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) can guide the surgeon in cyst localization and excision. This image review highlights the TEE findings in a young patient with multiple hydatid cysts of the interventricular septum, and the cyst membrane adhering to the septal tricuspid leaflet.
Ultrasound‐guided hydrostatic enema reduction of intussusception and confirmation with single abdominal radiograph in children
Authors: Karakuş Osman Z. , Sabuncu Serra , Ulusoy Oktay , Sarioglu Fatma Ceren , Güleryüz Handan , Ateş Oğuz , Hakgüder Gülce , Olguner Mustafa , Akgür Feza M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeTo detect false‐positive reduction results after ultrasound (US)‐guided hydrostatic intussusception reduction, we have incorporated water‐soluble contrast material to the enema fluid and confirmed the reduction with a single abdominal radiograph. We present the results of the combined imaging method for the reduction of intussusception in children.Materials and MethodsThe records of the patients who were treated for intussusception were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups: a US‐guided reduction group and a US‐guided reduction plus radiographic control group. The patient characteristics, symptoms, treatment methods, outcomes, and complications and follow‐up were analyzed.ResultsA total of 164 intussusception episodes were treated in 153 patients. Hydrostatic reduction of intussusception was performed in 59 patients in the US‐guided group and in 94 patients in the US‐guided plus radiographic control group. Recurrence rate in the US‐guided group was 15.7%, vs 3.5% in the US‐guided plus radiography group (P = .029). In the US‐guided plus radiographic control group, 5 (5.3%) false positive reductions under US guidance were determined by abdominal radiography.ConclusionIn order to decrease false positive reduction rate and early recurrence, US‐guided intussusception reduction can be performed with saline plus water‐soluble contrast material and confirmation of reduction obtained with a single direct abdominal radiograph.
Rare case of human tail with tethered cord
Authors: Erdogdu Emre 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDorsal cutaneous appendage or human tail is a rare lesion with a variable prognosis depending on the presence of associated anomalies. In the absence of structural, chromosomal abnormalities and genetic syndromes, this cutaneous lesion may be a marker for underlying occult spinal dysraphism. The evaluation of the conus medullaris can help to detect of small a skin lesions related with low‐lying spinal cord conus. We report a case of the tail with tethered cord diagnosed with ultrasound at 21 weeks of gestation.
A reduction of the number of assays and turnaround time by optimizing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) pooled testing for SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Perivolaropoulos Christos , Vlacha Vasiliki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEarly detection of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection can decrease the spread of the disease and provide therapeutic options promptly in affected individuals. However, the diagnosis by reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction is costly and time‐consuming. Several methods of group testing have been developed to overcome this problem. The proposed strategy offers optimization of group testing according to the available resources by decreasing not only the number of the assays but also the turnaround time. The initial classification of the samples would be done according to the intention of testing defined as diagnostic or screening/surveillance, achieving the best possible homogeneity. The proposed stratification of pooling is based on branching (divisions) and depth (levels of re‐pooling) of the original group in association with the estimated probability of a positive sample. The dilutional effect of the grouped samples has also been considered. The margins of minimum and maximum conservation of assays of pooled specimens are calculated and the optimum strategy can be selected in association with the probability of positive samples in the original group. This algorithm intends to be a useful tool for group testing offering a choice of strategies according to the requirements.
Electronic monitoring of adherence to once‐daily and twice‐daily direct oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation: Baseline data from the SMAAP‐AF trial
Authors: Shiga Tsuyoshi , Kimura Toshimi , Fukushima Noritoshi , Yoshiyama Yuji , Iwade Kazunori , Mori Fumiaki , Ajiro Yoichi , Haruta Shoji , Yamada Yuichiro , Sawada Emi , Hagiwara Nobuhisa ,   the SMAAP‐AF investigators
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundNonadherence diminishes the efficacy of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report presents the baseline survey results regarding medication adherence among NVAF patients who were treated with once‐daily edoxaban or twice‐daily apixaban from a randomized control trial of the effect of an educational intervention on DOAC adherence.MethodsWe prospectively studied 301 NVAF patients who were treated with edoxaban (n = 175) or apixaban (n = 126) during the 12‐week observation period. Adherence was measured with an electronic monitoring system and is expressed as the percentage of days with the correct doses in the measurement period (days). Adherence to DOAC therapy was defined based on the standard threshold (≥80%) or a strict threshold (≥90%).ResultsOf the 301 patients, 33 had incomplete data or protocol deviations, leaving 268 patients (edoxaban 158 and apixaban 110) for the per‐protocol baseline analysis. There was no difference in adherence (threshold ≥80%) between the groups (edoxaban 95% vs apixaban 91%, P = .2), but there was a lower proportion of patients with strict adherence (threshold ≥90%) among apixaban users than among edoxaban users (edoxaban 87% vs apixaban 76%, P = .02). Multivariate analysis showed a negative relationship between apixaban use and an adherence rate ≥90% (odds ratio 0.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.25‐0.94).ConclusionsOur study showed that the proportion of DOAC users with adherence (≥80%) did not differ between the groups, but the proportion of patients with strict adherence (≥90%) was lower among those using apixaban than among those using edoxaban.
Numerical study of effects of synoptic‐scale disturbances at high and low latitudes on mean summer precipitation over north‐eastern China and the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Chenyu , Yao Suxiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe analysed the effects of synoptic‐scale disturbances (below periods <10 d) on summer precipitation over north‐eastern China and the Tibetan Plateau using observations and the regional climate model (RegCM4.6). Based on observed rainfall and ERA‐Interim reanalysis, singular value decomposition analysis showed that rainfall in these regions was significantly coupled with such disturbances at different latitudes in the troposphere. We further analysed this dynamic process by filtering out disturbances at different latitudes with respect to lateral boundary conditions. We then used sensitivity experiments to determine that the background specific humidity and wind (over periods >10 d) would be affected by the change of synoptic scale disturbances at lateral boundary. Weak mid‐high‐latitude (north of 30°N) disturbances also enhanced the intensity of mean meridional winds, leading to the northward transport of warm/wet advection that changed the thermal structure of the lower troposphere. The subsequent formation of divergence and high pressure in the upper troposphere caused increased precipitation in the two regions, though changes in low‐latitude (south of 30°N) disturbances had little effect. Further sensitivity experiments aimed at filtering out such disturbances to the west and north of the mid‐high‐latitude area revealed two propagation paths: disturbances in the west affected precipitation in both regions, while disturbances in the north mainly affected precipitation in north‐eastern China.
A 45‐year climatology of extratropical cyclone locations relative to upper‐level jet streak determined by an automatic procedure
Authors: Degirmendžić Jan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe main purpose of the analysis is to characterize the location of extratropical lows relative to the jet streaks over Europe and the North Atlantic. Algorithms are presented for jet streak detection and cyclone positioning relative to jet streaks. All time steps in the tracked cyclone lifetime together as well as cyclogenesis, maximum deepening and cyclolysis stages separately are examined. The analysis includes strong jet streaks (>50 ms−1) detected in 300 hPa wind fields in the winter period (1958–2002). The location of cyclones in the jet streak‐associated coordinate system is determined. The cyclone positions, situated near jet streak (<1,300 km), are depicted in the circular distribution diagrams and counted within 15° intervals and jet streak quadrants. The distribution of low‐pressure systems at the cyclogenesis and maximum deepening stages resembles the four‐quadrant model of upper‐level divergence: modal intervals are situated in the Left Front (LF) (primary mode: 45–60°) and the Right Rear (RR) (secondary mode: 195–210°) quadrants. Significant changes in cyclone counts at the LF‐LR and LR‐RR boundaries are likely to be a response to the divergence field aloft. Bimodality is distinctly pronounced in the case of cyclogenesis events and maximum deepening phases. The cyclolysis sites are unimodally distributed with maximum frequency in the Left Rear (LR) quadrant. The modal intervals of cyclogenesis and maximum deepening samples deviate towards the LF‐LR and RR‐LR boundary lines from the bisectors of the LF and RR quadrants, respectively. Such angular displacement is congruent with the shift of divergence‐convergence meridional dipoles in the entrance and exit region towards the cyclonic side of the jet stream. The incipient and maximum deepening stages of cyclones are located within the divergent quadrants in almost 80% of cases (of those near jet streaks). Nearly 60% of the cyclolysis events are situated in the convergent quadrants.
Knee joint unloading and daily physical activity associate with cartilage T2 relaxation times 1 month after ACL injury
Authors: Wellsandt Elizabeth , Kallman Tyler , Golightly Yvonne , Podsiadlo Daniel , Dudley Andrew , Vas Stephanie , Michaud Kaleb , Tao Matthew , Sajja Balasrinivasa , Manzer Melissa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is prevalent after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, but mechanismsunderlying its development are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine if gait biomechanics and daily physical activity (PA) associate with cartilage T2 relaxation times, a marker of collagen organization and water content, 1 month after ACL injury. Twenty‐seven participants (15–35 years old) without chondral lesions completed magnetic resonance imaging, three‐dimensional gait analysis, and 1 week of PA accelerometry. Interlimb differences and ratios were calculated for gait biomechanics and T2 relaxation times, respectively. Multiple linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, and concomitant meniscus injury were used to determine the association between gait biomechanics and PA with T2 relaxation times, respectively. Altered knee adduction moment (KAM) impulse, less knee flexion excursion (kEXC) and higher daily step counts accounted for 35.8%–65.8% of T2 relaxation time variation in the weightbearing and posterior cartilage of the medial and lateral compartment (all p ≤ .011). KAM impulse was the strongest factor for T2 relaxation times in all models (all p ≤ .001). Lower KAM impulse associated with longer T2 relaxation times in the injured medial compartment (β = −.720 to −.901) and shorter T2 relaxation in the lateral compartment (β = .713 to .956). At 1 month after ACL injury, altered KAM impulse, less kEXC, and higher PA associated with longer T2 relaxation times, which may indicate poorer cartilage health. Statement of Clinical Significance: Gait biomechanics and daily PA are modifiable targets that may improve cartilage health acutely after ACL injury and slow progression to OA.
Covalent organic nanospheres modified magnetic nanoparticles for extraction of blood lipid regulators in water samples
Authors: Wan Tianfeng , Chen Zilin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCovalent organic nanospheres are new kind of nanospherical polymer with large specific surface area, uniform morphology, and excellent chemical and thermal stability. This material can be fabricated by a facile and rapid room temperature solution‐phase strategy. In this work, magnetic nanoparticles were attached to the surface of covalent organic nanospheres, and the obtained composites were used for the extraction of blood lipid regulators such as clofibrate and fenofibrate. These composites were characterized with Fourier‐transformed infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Several parameters that might affect the extraction efficiency including acetonitrile content, pH value, extraction time, and sample volume were investigated. Under optimum conditions, the proposed analytical method showed high extraction efficiency toward clofibrate and fenofibrate with enrichment factors between 60 and 83. This method exhibited outstanding analytical performance with wide linear range and excellent reproducibility and had low limits of detection in the range of 0.02–0.03 ng/mL. This method was also applied to the detection of clofibrate and fenofibrate in lake water samples, and good recoveries in the range of 92.6–112.6% was obtained.
Thermo‐Mechanical Fractional Injury Therapy for Facial Skin Rejuvenation in Skin Types II to V: A Retrospective Double‐Center Chart Review
Authors: Daniely Danny , Judodihardjo Harryono , Rajpar Sajjad F. , Mehrabi Joseph N. , Artzi Ofir 
Published: March 2021

Background and ObjectivesThermo‐mechanical fractional injury (TMFI) therapy (Tixel®; Novoxel®, Netanya, Israel) is an innovative technology. Along with its drug delivery enhancement features, it is widely used for facial skin rejuvenation. Our study explores the beneficial effect of the Tixel® on the different features of facial skin rejuvenation along with patients′ satisfaction rate, aiming to suggest practical recommendations for an optimal aesthetic result.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA retrospective chart review of 24 patients (20 women, 4 men, average age 56 years old) with skin types II–V who received 2 or 3 Tixel® treatments, 3–5 weeks apart in two medical centers (12 from Israel, 12 from the United Kingdom). Four experienced dermatologists compared standardized clinical photographs taken before each treatment and 3 months after the final treatment based on seven parameters that were set by 10 physicians and rated the difference on a scale of −1 to 4. Furthermore, epidemiology, treatment data, satisfaction, and safety were reviewed.ResultsOut of the seven parameters that were compared (blood vessels and erythema, skin complexion, periorbital wrinkles, pigmentation and toning, pore size, vitality, wrinkles, and laxity), all features demonstrated an overall improvement, with the greatest improvement demonstrated in skin complexion (2.1 ± 0.49) and periorbital wrinkling (2.09 ± 0.65) followed by vitality (1.7 ± 0.49). Side effects were transient, including erythema and hyperpigmentation, and the average downtime was 1.7 days.ConclusionTMFI is a safe and effective method for improving facial skin quality. Addressing patient′s expectations while maximizing the benefits of this novel technology will provide superior aesthetical results.
One‐Step Modification of Diacid‐Functional Polythioethers via Simultaneous Passerini and Esterification Reactions
Authors: Gungor Begum , Daglar Ozgun , Gunay Ufuk Saim , Hizal Gurkan , Tunca Umit , Durmaz Hakan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study describes a one‐step Passerini and esterification reaction strategy for the first time at the macromolecular level in the literature. Polythioether (PT) including di‐tert‐butyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DTBADC) units is synthesized via a previously described rapid double thiol‐Michael addition polymerization method, followed by hydrolysis of tert‐butyl groups to produce dicarboxylic acid pendant polythioether (PH). PH is then utilized for postpolymerization modification via Passerini 3‐component reaction (Passerini‐ 3CR). Interestingly, it is found that on the course of Passerini‐3CR, the use of methanol (CH3OH) as a co‐solvent not only dissolves PH but also leads to the esterification reaction, which thereby further modifies the resultant polymer. This finding encourages the creation of a variety of ester functionality in the final polymer via Passerini‐3CR, by solely varying alcohols. The ratio of both ester and Passerini products in the modified polymers is monitored by 1H NMR analyses and a mechanistic aspect is also presented to product distribution. In addition, a monoacid containing polythioether (PMH) is prepared and used for the modification with Passerini‐3CR under the identical conditions described for PH, only Passerini product is obtained with no sign related to the ester product.
Structural design of metal catalysts based on ZIFs: From nanoscale to atomic level
Authors: Zhang Kangjie , Shang Hailin , Li Bin , Wang Zhe , Lu Yuexiang , Wang Xiangke 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUltrasmall metal nanoparticles (MNPs) and atomically dispersed metal sites (ADMSs) exhibit excellent catalytic activity and selectivity. However, they tend to aggregate into large particles during synthesis and catalysis due to high surface free energy. Aiming to break out of this dilemma, zeolite imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) have proved to be ideal substrates for stabilizing the ultrafine metal nanostructures. The stabilizing mode includes confining MNPs inside their pore structures and converting intrinsic metal nodes into coordinately unsaturated metal sites (i.e., ZIF‐confined metal catalysts). Furthermore, various MNPs and ADMSs can also be immobilized into ZIF‐derived porous carbon through high‐temperature pyrolysis (i.e., ZIF‐derived carbon‐supported metal catalysts). In brief, ZIFs and their derivatives have gradually emerged as good platforms for designing metal catalysts at nanoscale and even atomic level. In this review, recent progress in the structural analysis and synthetic strategies of metal catalysts supported by ZIFs and their derivatives is presented. Besides, current challenges and future directions of atomically dispersed metal catalysts are discussed. This article will provide valuable insights into rational design of metal catalysts with exquisite nanostructure and high catalytic performance to meet further material requirements in the catalytic field.
Magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate anterior pelvic prolapse: H line is the key
Authors: Rechi‐Sierra Kevin , Sánchez‐Ballester Francisco , García‐Ibáñez Joan , Pardo‐Duarte Paola , Flores‐DelaTorre Melchor , Monzó‐Cataluña Alba , López‐Alcina Emilio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of the study is to compare clinical staging of anterior pelvic prolapse with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) staging, using the pubococcygeal line (PCL), the midpubic line (MPL), and the H line as reference lines. Moreover, we aim to analyze interrater reliability of each reference line.Material and MethodsForty‐two women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) symptoms were studied using the pelvic organ prolapse quantification on physical examination. Two different observers calculated anterior POP using the three MRI reference lines, retrospectively. Agreement between MRI and clinical staging was estimated using Pearson correlation for the quantitative measurements and kappa index for the stages. Interrater reliability was estimated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).ResultsCorrelation between physical examination and the H line was high by both observers (r = 0.86 and r = 0.76, p < 0.01). The correlation was lower using MPL (r = 0.76 and r = 0.65, p < 0.01). The results of comparing MRI staging and physical examination were: κ = 0.618 and κ = 0.602 for the H line, κ = 0.273 and κ = 0.267 for MPL and κ = −0.105 and κ = −0.140 for PCL. The results of interrater reliability were: ICC of 0.968 for the H line, ICC of 0.788 for MPL, and ICC of 0.737 for PCL.ConclusionAnterior POP staging using MRI H line as a reference presents a better agreement with clinical staging than PCL or MPL. The H line has better interrater reliability. The H line could replace the current lines.