bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N3LO gravitational quadratic-in-spin interactions at G4
Authors: Levi Michèle , McLeod Andrew J. , von Hippel Matthew 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We compute the N3LO gravitational quadratic-in-spin interactions at G4 in the post-Newtonian (PN) expansion via the effective field theory (EFT) of gravitating spinning objects for the first time. This result contributes at the 5PN order for maximally-spinning compact objects, adding the spinning case to the static sector at this PN accuracy. This sector requires extending the EFT of a spinning particle beyond linear order in the curvature to include higher-order operators quadratic in the curvature that are relevant at this PN order. We make use of a diagrammatic expansion in the worldline picture, and rely on our recent upgrade of the EFTofPNG code, which we further extend to handle this sector. Similar to the spin-orbit sector, we find that the contributing three-loop graphs give rise to divergences, logarithms, and transcendental numbers. However, in this sector all of these features conspire to cancel out from the final result, which contains only finite rational terms.
Examining the dynamics between young people’s mental health, poverty and life chances in six low- and middle-income countries: protocol for the CHANCES-6 study
Authors: Bauer Annette , Baltra Ricardo Araya , Pabon Mauricio Avendano , Díaz Yadira , Garman Emily , Hessel Philipp , Lund Crick , Malvasi Paulo , Matijasevich Alicia , McDaid David , Park A.-La , Paula Cristiane Silvestre , Zimmerman Annie , Evans-Lacko Sara 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Poverty and poor mental health are closely related and may need to be addressed together to improve the life chances of young people. There is currently little evidence about the impact of poverty-reduction interventions, such as cash transfer programmes, on improved youth mental health and life chances. The aim of the study (CHANCES-6) is to understand the impact and mechanisms of such programmes.

Methods
CHANCES-6 will employ a combination of quantitative, qualitative and economic analyses. Secondary analyses of longitudinal datasets will be conducted in six low- and middle-income countries (Brazil, Colombia, Liberia, Malawi, Mexico and South Africa) to examine the impact of cash transfer programmes on mental health, and the mechanisms leading to improved life chances for young people living in poverty. Qualitative interviews and focus groups (conducted among a subset of three countries) will explore the views and experiences of young people, families and professionals with regard to poverty, mental health, life chances, and cash transfer programmes. Decision-analytic modelling will examine the potential economic case and return-on-investment from programmes. We will involve stakeholders and young people to increase the relevance of findings to national policies and practice.

Results
Knowledge will be generated on the potential role of cash transfer programmes in breaking the cycle between poor mental health and poverty for young people, to improve their life chances.

Conclusion
CHANCES-6 seeks to inform decisions regarding the future design and the merits of investing in poverty-reduction interventions alongside investments into the mental health of young people.
A faster algorithm for the Birthday Song Singers Synchronization Problem (FSSP) in one-dimensional CA with multiple speeds
Authors: Worsch Thomas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn cellular automata with multiple speeds for each cell i there is a positive integer $$p_i$$

p
i

such that this cell updates its state still periodically but only at times which are a multiple of $$p_i$$

p
i

. Additionally there is a finite upper bound on all $$p_i$$

p
i

. Manzoni and Umeo have described an algorithm for these (one-dimensional) cellular automata which solves the Firing Squad Synchronization Problem. This algorithm needs linear time (in the number of cells to be synchronized) but for many problem instances it is slower than the optimum time by some positive constant factor. In the present paper we derive lower bounds on possible synchronization times and describe an algorithm which is never slower and in some cases faster than the one by Manzoni and Umeo and which is close to a lower bound (up to a constant summand) in more cases.
Speaking Up and Speaking Out: Gender Diversity in the Scientific Programme of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons Annual Scientific Congress
Authors: Lai Christine S. , Farrar Jessica , Stanzah Fellicia , Crammond Bradley , Wong Sandra L. , Lee James C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDisparities in gender representation at medical meetings have been documented despite women representing half of medical school graduating classes. Lack of role models is touted as one of a myriad of factors that perpetuate gender imbalance, particularly in the field of surgery. We evaluated the trend in gender distribution of participants at the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons (RACS) Annual Scientific Congress (ASC) and whether there was a correlation between the gender distribution of the organising committee and speakers and chairpersons invited to attend.MethodsRACS ASC programmes from 2013 to 2018 were retrospectively analysed, examining the gender distribution of speakers, chairpersons and conveners. Trend analysis of distribution was performed, and a generalized linear mixed model was used to investigate the effect of the gender of the conveners on gender of session chairpersons and speakers.ResultsBetween 2013 and 2018, there were non‐significant increases in female speakers invited to speak from 14.9 to 21.7% (p = 0.064) and female conveners appointed from 11 to 19% (p = 0.115), but there was a significant increase in female chairs from 9.6 to 21.6% p < 0.001). Female conveners were 3 times more likely to invite female speakers than male conveners (p < 0.001) and were 20 times more likely to invite female chairs than male conveners (p < 0.001).ConclusionVisible role models are important in the pursuit of gender equity in surgery in order to break down stereotypes and the hidden curriculum. Intentional effort is required to achieve parity, and such efforts could include appointing more women to organising committees of scientific meetings.
Identifying Patients Who May Benefit from Liver Resection Compared to Living Donor Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using 18F‐FDG PET
Authors: Yoh Tomoaki , Seo Satoru , Taura Kojiro , Hamaguchi Yuhei , Ogiso Satoshi , Fukumitsu Ken , Ishii Takamichi , Hata Koichiro , Kaido Toshimi , Nakamoto Yuji , Uemoto Shinji 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to assess an oncologic setting where patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) could benefit from liver resection (LR) compared to living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) using 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography.MethodsThe consecutive data of patients with HCC who underwent 18F‐FDG PET before LR (LR group, n = 314) and LDLT (LDLT group, n = 65) between 2003 and 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Tumor 18F‐FDG avidity was quantified as the tumor to liver standardized uptake value ratio (TLR, cut‐off value was defined at 2). Multivariate analysis was performed to assess significant preoperative tumor factors in the LR group. Survival outcomes between the two groups were stratified by these factors.ResultsThe 5‐year overall survival (OS: 56.9% vs. 73.8%, LR vs. LDLT, p < 0.001) and recurrence‐free survival rate (RFS: 27.4% vs. 70.7%, p < 0.001) were significantly better in the LDLT group compared to the LR group. In the LR study, multivariate analysis identified TLR and tumor multiplicity as significant preoperative tumor factors for OS. In patients with solitary and TLR < 2 HCC, the 5‐year OS rate was not significantly different between the LR and LDLT groups (70.3% vs. 71.8%, p = 0.352); meanwhile, RFS rate was better in the LDLT group (34.3% vs. 71.8%, p = 0.001).ConclusionsLDLT is associated with better long‐term outcomes than LR in patients with HCC; however, selected patients with solitary and TLR < 2 HCC may benefit from LR.
SARS-CoV-2, myocardial injury and inflammation: insights from a large clinical and autopsy study
Authors: Dal Ferro Matteo , Bussani Rossana , Paldino Alessia , Nuzzi Vincenzo , Collesi Chiara , Zentilin Lorena , Schneider Edoardo , Correa Ricardo , Silvestri Furio , Zacchigna Serena , Giacca Mauro , Metra Marco , Merlo Marco , Sinagra Gianfranco 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective
Despite growing evidence about myocardial injury in hospitalized COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, the mechanism behind this injury is only poorly understood and little is known about its association with SARS-CoV-2-mediated myocarditis. Furthermore, definite evidence of the presence and role of SARS-CoV-2 in cardiomyocytes in the clinical scenario is still lacking.

Methods
We histologically characterized myocardial tissue of 40 patients deceased with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first wave of the pandemic. Clinical data were also recorded and analyzed. In case of findings supportive of myocardial inflammation, histological analysis was complemented by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry for SARS-CoV-2 viral antigens and in situ RNA hybridization for the detection of viral genomes.

Results
Both chronic and acute myocardial damage was invariably present, correlating with the age and comorbidities of our population. Myocarditis of overt entity was found in one case (2.5%). SARS-CoV-2 genome was not found in the cardiomyocytes of the patient with myocarditis, while it was focally and negligibly present in cardiomyocytes of patients with known viral persistence in the lungs and no signs of myocardial inflammation. The presence of myocardial injury was not associated with myocardial inflammatory infiltrates.

Conclusions
In this autopsy cohort of COVID-19 patients, myocarditis is rarely found and not associated with SARS-CoV-2 presence in cardiomyocytes. Chronic and acute forms of myocardial damage are constantly found and correlate with the severity of COVID-19 disease and pre-existing comorbidities.

Graphic abstract
Steps towards a computational ethology: an automatized, interactive setup to investigate filial imprinting and biological predispositions
Authors: Zanon Mirko , Lemaire Bastien S. , Vallortigara Giorgio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSoon after hatching, the young of precocial species, such as domestic chicks or ducklings, learn to recognize their social partner by simply being exposed to it (imprinting process). Even artificial objects or stimuli displayed on monitor screens can effectively trigger filial imprinting, though learning is canalized by spontaneous preferences for animacy signals, such as certain kinds of motion or a face-like appearance. Imprinting is used as a behavioural paradigm for studies on memory formation, early learning and predispositions, as well as number and space cognition, and brain asymmetries. Here, we present an automatized setup to expose and/or test animals for a variety of imprinting experiments. The setup consists of a cage with two high-frequency screens at the opposite ends where stimuli are shown. Provided with a camera covering the whole space of the cage, the behaviour of the animal is recorded continuously. A graphic user interface implemented in Matlab allows a custom configuration of the experimental protocol, that together with Psychtoolbox drives the presentation of images on the screens, with accurate time scheduling and a highly precise framerate. The setup can be implemented into a complete workflow to analyse behaviour in a fully automatized way by combining Matlab (and Psychtoolbox) to control the monitor screens and stimuli, DeepLabCut to track animals’ behaviour, Python (and R) to extract data and perform statistical analyses. The automated setup allows neuro-behavioural scientists to perform standardized protocols during their experiments, with faster data collection and analyses, and reproducible results.
Finding all S-Diophantine quadruples for a fixed set of primes S
Authors: Ziegler Volker 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGiven a finite set of primes S and an m-tuple $$(a_1,\ldots ,a_m)$$

(

a
1

,
…
,

a
m

)

of positive, distinct integers we call the m-tuple S-Diophantine, if for each $$1\le i < j\le m$$

1
≤
i
<
j
≤
m

the quantity $$a_ia_j+1$$

a
i

a
j

+
1

has prime divisors coming only from the set S. For a given set S we give a practical algorithm to find all S-Diophantine quadruples, provided that $$|S|=3$$

|
S
|
=
3

.
Post-translational formation of hypusine in eIF5A: implications in human neurodevelopment
Authors: Park Myung Hee , Kar Rajesh Kumar , Banka Siddharth , Ziegler Alban , Chung Wendy K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHypusine [Nε-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)lysine] is a derivative of lysine that is formed post-translationally in the eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A). Its occurrence at a single site in one cellular protein defines hypusine synthesis as one of the most specific post-translational modifications. Synthesis of hypusine involves two enzymatic steps: first, deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) cleaves the 4-aminobutyl moiety of spermidine and transfers it to the ε-amino group of a specific lysine residue of the eIF5A precursor protein to form an intermediate, deoxyhypusine [Nε-(4-aminobutyl)lysine]. This intermediate is subsequently hydroxylated by deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DOHH) to form hypusine in eIF5A. eIF5A, DHPS, and DOHH are highly conserved in all eukaryotes, and both enzymes exhibit a strict specificity toward eIF5A substrates. eIF5A promotes translation elongation globally by alleviating ribosome stalling and it also facilitates translation termination. Hypusine is required for the activity of eIF5A, mammalian cell proliferation, and animal development. Homozygous knockout of any of the three genes, Eif5a, Dhps, or Dohh, leads to embryonic lethality in mice. eIF5A has been implicated in various human pathological conditions. A recent genetic study reveals that heterozygous germline EIF5A variants cause Faundes–Banka syndrome, a craniofacial–neurodevelopmental malformations in humans. Biallelic variants of DHPS were identified as the genetic basis underlying a rare inherited neurodevelopmental disorder. Furthermore, biallelic DOHH variants also appear to be associated with neurodevelopmental disorder. The clinical phenotypes of these patients include intellectual disability, developmental delay, seizures, microcephaly, growth impairment, and/or facial dysmorphisms. Taken together, these findings underscore the importance of eIF5A and the hypusine modification pathway in neurodevelopment in humans.
Parental rejection in early adolescence predicts a persistent ADHD symptom trajectory across adolescence
Authors: Brinksma Djûke M. , Hoekstra Pieter J. , de Bildt Annelies , Buitelaar Jan K. , van den Hoofdakker Barbara J. , Hartman Catharina A. , Dietrich Andrea 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDespite a general decrease of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms during adolescence, these may persist in some individuals but not in others. Prior cross-sectional studies have shown that parenting style and their interaction with candidate genes are associated with ADHD symptoms. However, there is a lack of longitudinal research examining the independent and interactive effects of parenting and plasticity genes in predicting the course of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms across adolescence. Here, we investigated how children perceived their parents’ parenting style (i.e., rejection, overprotection, and emotional warmth) at the age of 11, and their interaction with DRD4,MAOA, and 5-HTTLPR genotypes on parent-reported ADHD symptoms at three time points (mean ages 11.1, 13.4, and 16.2 years) in 1730 adolescents from the TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS). Growth Mixture Modeling in Mplus identified four ADHD symptom trajectories: low, moderate stable, high decreasing, and high persistent. Perceived parental rejection predicted class membership in the high persistent trajectory compared to the other classes (p < 0.001, odds ratios between 2.14 and 3.74). Gene-environment interactions were not significantly related to class membership. Our results indicate a role of perceived parental rejection in the persistence of ADHD symptoms. Perceived parental rejection should, therefore, be taken into consideration during prevention and treatment of ADHD in young adolescents.
Quantitative abilities of invertebrates: a methodological review
Authors: Gatto Elia , Loukola Olli J. , Agrillo Christian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractQuantitative abilities are widely recognized to play important roles in several ecological contexts, such as foraging, mate choice, and social interaction. Indeed, such abilities are widespread among vertebrates, in particular mammals, birds, and fish. Recently, there has been an increasing number of studies on the quantitative abilities of invertebrates. In this review, we present the current knowledge in this field, especially focusing on the ecological relevance of the capacity to process quantitative information, the similarities with vertebrates, and the different methods adopted to investigate this cognitive skill. The literature argues, beyond methodological differences, a substantial similarity between the quantitative abilities of invertebrates and those of vertebrates, supporting the idea that similar ecological pressures may determine the emergence of similar cognitive systems even in distantly related species.
Accumulation and obsolescence of research knowledge
Authors: Novák A. J. , Feichtinger G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper we study how the scientific production of a representative researcher develops over his/her career. Using Pontryagin’s maximum principle we derive the optimal capital accumulation over the life cycle of a scientist. In particular, we are able to identify two regimes of human capital accumulation (say intensive versus normal) and to characterize their optimality depending on the initial human capital level. The paper includes a formal proof of the negative impact of the obscolescence rate as well as the discount rate on human capital production and we show that this reduction is largest at earlier ages.
Chunking and cooperation in particle swarm optimization for feature selection
Authors: Sarhani Malek , Voß Stefan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBio-inspired optimization aims at adapting observed natural behavioral patterns and social phenomena towards efficiently solving complex optimization problems, and is nowadays gaining much attention. However, researchers recently highlighted an inconsistency between the need in the field and the actual trend. Indeed, while nowadays it is important to design innovative contributions, an actual trend in bio-inspired optimization is to re-iterate the existing knowledge in a different form. The aim of this paper is to fill this gap. More precisely, we start first by highlighting new examples for this problem by considering and describing the concepts of chunking and cooperative learning. Second, by considering particle swarm optimization (PSO), we present a novel bridge between these two notions adapted to the problem of feature selection. In the experiments, we investigate the practical importance of our approach while exploring both its strength and limitations. The results indicate that the approach is mainly suitable for large datasets, and that further research is needed to improve the computational efficiency of the approach and to ensure the independence of the sub-problems defined using chunking.
Extended two-body problem for rotating rigid bodies
Authors: Ho Alex , Wold Margrethe , Conway John T. , Poursina Mohammad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA new technique that utilizes surface integrals to find the force, torque and potential energy between two non-spherical, rigid bodies is presented. The method is relatively fast, and allows us to solve the full rigid two-body problem for pairs of spheroids and ellipsoids with 12 degrees of freedom. We demonstrate the method with two dimensionless test scenarios, one where tumbling motion develops, and one where the motion of the bodies resemble spinning tops. We also test the method on the asteroid binary (66391) 1999 KW4, where both components are modelled either as spheroids or ellipsoids. The two different shape models have negligible effects on the eccentricity and semi-major axis, but have a larger impact on the angular velocity along the z-direction. In all cases, energy and total angular momentum is conserved, and the simulation accuracy is kept at the machine accuracy level.
JUNB suppresses distant metastasis by influencing the initial metastatic stage
Authors: Wutschka Juliane , Kast Bettina , Sator-Schmitt Melanie , Appak-Baskoy Sila , Hess Jochen , Sinn Hans-Peter , Angel Peter , Schorpp-Kistner Marina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe complex interactions between cells of the tumor microenvironment and cancer cells are considered a major determinant of cancer progression and metastasis. Yet, our understanding of the mechanisms of metastatic disease is not sufficient to successfully treat patients with advanced-stage cancer. JUNB is a member of the AP-1 transcription factor family shown to be frequently deregulated in human cancer and associated with invasion and metastasis. A strikingly high stromal JUNB expression in human breast cancer samples prompted us to functionally investigate the consequences of JUNB loss in cells of the tumor microenvironment on cancer progression and metastasis in mice. To adequately mimic the clinical situation, we applied a syngeneic spontaneous breast cancer metastasis model followed by primary tumor resection and identified stromal JUNB as a potent suppressor of distant metastasis. Comprehensive characterization of the JUNB-deficient tumor microenvironment revealed a strong influx of myeloid cells into primary breast tumors and lungs at early metastatic stage. In these infiltrating neutrophils, BV8 and MMP9, proteins promoting angiogenesis and tissue remodeling, were specifically upregulated in a JUNB-dependent manner. Taken together, we established stromal JUNB as a strong suppressor of distant metastasis. Consequently, therapeutic strategies targeting AP-1 should be carefully designed not to interfere with stromal JUNB expression as this may be detrimental for cancer patients.
Who owns the German subsurface? Ownership and sustainable governance of the subsurface in Germany
Authors: Berger Frederic , Blum Philipp 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn 1980, the Federal Mining Act was introduced to govern the use of the German subsurface. By paying royalties, companies can get permission to exploit resources. Yet, there is no official report breaking down the payments for hydrocarbons and lignite, in particular regarding the effectively levied fees. Hence, the objective of this study is to provide an overview of the ownership and paid royalties, and to discuss the sustainable use and management of the German subsurface in the face of ecological, social, and economic impacts of resource exploitation. Our analysis shows that the subsurface is partly state- and partly company-owned. Lignite is almost exclusively privately owned by two companies. In contrast, hydrocarbons are predominantly state-owned. In 2017, on average 13% was paid in royalties for gas and 11% for petroleum. These royalties have minor impact on state budgets. For instance, in the concerned state of Lower Saxony, the levies amount to 189 million € or 0.6% of the state budget. Thus, the state income from royalties is low. However, local communities and property owners have no financial benefits. Finally, to obtain a more sustainable use of subsurface, the current Federal Mining Act must be adapted to account for environmental and social impacts.