bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
E-government in the Era of Globalization and the Health Crisis caused by the Covid-19 Pandemic, between Standards and Innovation
Authors: Burlacu Sorin , Patarlageanu Simona Roxana , Diaconu Amelia , Ciobanu Ghenadie 
Published: January 2021

Research background:E-government has started from the challenges of new technologies by providing e-services to its citizens and has expanded today in more and more fields, including communication with citizens, budget management, macroeconomic forecasts, etc. If we accept the definition according to which eGovernment (or e-government) is an applicability of information technology for the provision of administrative services, information exchange, communication transactions, integration of various electronic systems and autonomous services between government and citizen (G2C), government and business environment (G2B), government and government (G2G) as well as for the processes and interactions of administrative staff in the entire infrastructure of the administration, and through e-government, government services are available to citizens in a convenient, efficient and transparent way, then we will accept and the conclusions of the same research that considers that in e-government there are no identifiable barriers.Purpose of the article:Through this paper we aim to highlight the current economic realities and how some governments have understood to use technology during the pandemic.Methods:The research methodology is based on documentary analysis. The bibliographic study, the secondary analysis of the data, the observation and the analysis complete the documentary analysis and allowed us to obtain some conclusive results.Findings & Value added:The pandemic health crisis has further pushed the limits of technology, which has been transformed into a true universal panacea for solving relatively vital economic activities for a national economy in a global context. A first finding was that the pandemic accelerated the need for digital governance. However, the modalities of action remain open.
Globalization and its Impacts on Communication in Self-Government
Authors: Labudová Lenka , Jánošová Denisa 
Published: January 2021

Research background: Globalization has significantly affected the way a territory communicates its offer. Only public administration, which is innovative and at the same time effective in its activities, can adapt and respond to the ever-changing conditions and requirements of today’s society and its members. Innovation and its activities, research and development are the result of proliferation and they are considered to be the driving force behind the growth of the economy, in the form of new knowledge. Those regions that have spent more money and effort on innovation activities in the past are now at a more advanced level. These are the main reasons to focus on this topic and bring the results of our research.
Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to present the findings which show the level of communication between the municipality and the public and the possibilities of using communication tools towards their more effective usage.
Methods: It presents the results of a questionnaire survey realized at the level of local governments in the Trnava region. The results of the questionnaire survey with a description and explanation are shown graphically. The offices we asked were the following: Trnava City Office, Trnava Self-Governing Region Office, Trnava District Office.
Findings and value added: The article presents the findings of a survey that was carried out for the purpose of the dissertation which deals with regional marketing communications. The outcome of the survey specified the direction of the main research in our dissertation.
The Use of a Six-Level Model of Business Development in Practice
Authors: Micieta Branislav , Binasova Vladimira , Kasajova Marta , Gabajova Gabriela , Furmannova Beata 
Published: January 2021

Research background:Globalization processes bring many advantages and disadvantages within the economic, political, social as well as ecological environment. The economic advantages come mainly from the possibility of finding cheaper production inputs, which results in better competitiveness of companies and the supply of goods at lower prices.Purpose of the article:In order to obtain a comprehensive view of the company’s development, it is appropriate to use a model of six levels of company development, which allows for a good structuring of general and specific conditions of company development.Methods:The paper deals with the analysis of individual levels of business development, which are described in more detail in the introduction, which was carried out through a questionnaire, observation, personal interviews, etc. It also contains suggestions for improvements where industrial engineering methods are used. The benefits of the following study may include the analysis of individual levels in practice, the design of the use of a six-level model at various levels of business development, increasing the abilities and skills of individual operators by introducing a substitution matrix that will include individual operators in the cells.Findings & Value added:Another benefit is an increase in motivation for employees, which will affect the work performance and quality of finished products using a new incentive system with various rewards. The information obtained about customers through the implementation of the CRM system provides all the information from the beginning of communication with the customers themselves and improved the clarity of the activities of individual employees.
Does Performing Different Resistance Exercises for the Same Muscle Group Induce Non-homogeneous Hypertrophy?
Authors: Costa Bruna Daniella de Vasconcelos , Kassiano Witalo , Nunes João Pedro , Kunevaliki Gabriel , Castro-E-Souza Pâmela , Rodacki Andre , Cyrino Letícia Trindade , Cyrino Edilson S. , Fortes Leonardo de Sousa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe study aimed to compare the effect of performing the same or different exercises for a muscle group on resistance training (RT) sessions on muscle hypertrophy at different sites along muscle length. Twenty-two detrained men (23.3±4.1 years) were randomly allocated to the following groups: a group that performed the same exercises in all training sessions (N-VAR=11) or one that varied the exercises for the same muscle groups (VAR=11). All were submitted to 3 weekly sessions for nine weeks. Muscle thickness was assessed at the proximal, middle, and distal sites of the lateral and anterior thigh, elbow flexors, and extensors by B-mode ultrasound. The VAR group significantly increased all the sites analyzed (P<0.05). Furthermore, the proximal site of the lateral thigh showed a larger relative increase when compared to the middle site (P<0.05). In contrast, the N-VAR group were not revealed significant improvements only for the middle site of the lateral thigh and the proximal site of the elbow flexors (P>0.05). Our results suggest that to perform different resistance exercises can induce hypertrophy of all sites assessed in detrained young men.
Perioperative Anaphylaxie – alte Zöpfe und Neues zu den Auslösern
Authors: Bayerl C. 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungPerioperative Anaphylaxien werden mit mindestens 1:6000 angegeben. Neue Kenntnisse der Pathophysiologie der anaphylaktischen Reaktionen beziehen die Auslösung über das Mastzell-related G-Protein und die Komplementaktivierungs-abhängige Pseudoallergie mit ein. Neu beschriebene Auslöser sind das Chlorhexidin oder Gelatine-Produkte, eingesetzt zur Blutstillung oder blaue Farbstoffe zur intraoperativen Markierung. Wachsamkeit ist in Hinblick auf biphasische Reaktionen geboten. Propofol darf mittlerweile bei Ei- und Sojaallergikern eingesetzt werden.
Pregabalinmissbrauch und -Abhängigkeit in verschiedenen europäischen Ländern im Hinblick auf deren Substitutionspolitik
Authors: Kuhn Dominique , Müller Thomas Jörg , Mutschler Jochen 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung, Fragestellung Pregabalin wurde erstmalig im Jahr 2004 für die Behandlung von peripheren neuropathischen Schmerzen und fokalen epileptischen Anfällen, mit oder ohne sekundäre Generalisierung, zugelassen. Die Verschreibungshäufigkeit nahm seit der Zulassung stark zu. In den Anfängen wurde die Problematik des Missbrauchs und der Abhängigkeitsgefährdung von Pregabalin nur wenig Beachtung geschenkt, erst in den letzten Jahren nahm der Umfang an Veröffentlichungen zu dieser Problematik deutlich zu. Diese Übersichtsarbeit befasst sich mit diesen Risikofaktoren und Risikogruppen des Pregabalinmissbrauchs und der Pregabalinabhängigkeit in unterschiedlichen europäischen Ländern sowie deren Drogenpolitik.
Resultate Der Missbrauch und die Abhängigkeit von Pregabalin haben seit der Markteinführung stark zugenommen. Es zeigte sich, dass ein solitärer Missbrauch von Pregabalin selten ist. Meist wird Pregabalin mit anderen Substanzen kombiniert, was auch ein Prädiktor für den Missbrauch von Pregabalin ist. Die Gründe für die nicht verschriebene Einnahme von Pregabalin sind unterschiedlich; es wird einerseits zur Steigerung der psychotropen Wirkung, andererseits zur Linderung der Entzugssymptome eingesetzt. Der Beikonsum von Pregabalin ist nicht ungefährlich, er führt zu tödlichen Überdosierungen oder einem Anstieg der Gesamtmortalität bei zusätzlicher Gabe von Pregabalin zu Methadon. Des Weiteren konnte in Schweden bei 28% der tödlichen Intoxikationen von Drogenabhängigen Pregabalin nachgewiesen werden. Es sind vor allem junge Personen betroffen. In Ländern mit restriktiven Substitutionsprogrammen konnte der Missbrauch von Pregabalin nachgewiesen werden, während in Ländern mit liberaler Drogenpolitik kein Missbrauch festgestellt werden konnte. Die Datenlage in der Schweiz mit einem liberalen Substitutionsprogramm beruht jedoch nur auf einer einzigen Studie, weshalb der Pregabalinkonsum in liberalen Substitutionsprogrammen nicht abschließend geklärt werden kann.
Schlussfolgerungen Es scheint einen Zusammenhang zwischen der Drogenpolitik des Landes und der illegalen Einnahme von Pregabalin bei Personen in einem Substitutionsprogramm zu geben. Des Weiteren gibt es Risikofaktoren und Risikogruppen für die Abhängigkeit und den Missbrauch von Pregabalin.
A Comparison of Two Models Predicting the Presence of Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome
Authors: Vignaud Emeline , Menu Pierre , Eude Yannick , Maugars Yves , Dauty Marc , Fouasson-Chailloux Alban 
Published: January 2021

AbstractClinical history and physical examination are usually not sufficient to diagnose leg chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS). Two predictive clinical models have been proposed. The first model by De Bruijn et al. is displayed as a nomogram that predicts the probability of CECS according to a risk score. The second model by Fouasson-Chailloux et al. combines two signs (post-effort muscle hardness on palpation or hernia). To evaluate those models, we performed a prospective study on patients who were referred for possible CECS. 201 patients underwent intra-compartmental pressure at 1-min post-exercise (CECS if ≥ 30 mmHg) – 115 had CECS. For the De Bruijn et al. model, the risk score was 7.5±2.2 in the CECS group and 4.6±1.7 in the non-CECS group (p<0.001) with an area under the ROC curve of 0.85. The model accuracy was 80% with a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 78%. Concerning Fouasson-Chailloux et al. model, the accuracy was 86%; the sensitivity and the specificity were 75 and 98%, respectively. The De Bruijn et al. model was a good collective model but less efficient in individual application. In patients having both muscle hardness and hernia, we could clinically make the diagnosis of CECS.
A Magnetically Recyclable Palladium-Catalyzed Formylation of Aryl Iodides with Formic Acid as CO Source: A Practical Access to Aromatic Aldehydes
Authors: Cai Mingzhong , You Shengyong , Zhang Rongli 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA magnetically recyclable palladium-catalyzed formylation of aryl iodides under CO gas-free conditions has been developed by using a bidentate phosphine ligand-modified magnetic nanoparticles-anchored­ palladium(II) complex [2P-Fe3O4@SiO2-Pd(OAc)2] as catalyst, yielding a wide variety of aromatic aldehydes in moderate to excellent yields. Here, formic acid was employed as both the CO source and the hydrogen donor with iodine and PPh3 as the activators. This immobilized palladium catalyst can be obtained via a simple preparative procedure and can be facilely recovered simply by using an external magnetic field, and reused at least 9 times without any apparent loss of catalytic activity.
Rare-earth-free ferrimagnetic Mn4N sub-20 nm thin films as potential high-temperature spintronic material
Authors: Zhou W. , Ma C. T. , Hartnett T. Q. , Balachandran P. V. , Poon S. J. 
Published: January 2021

Ferrimagnetic alloy thin films that exhibit perpendicular (out-of-plane) magnetic anisotropy (PMA) with low saturation magnetization, such as GdCo and Mn4N, were predicted to be favorable for hosting small Néel skyrmions for room temperature applications. Due to the exponential decay of interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction and the limited range of spin–orbit torques, which can be used to drive skyrmion motion, the thickness of the ferrimagnetic layer has to be small, preferably under 20 nm. While there are examples of sub-20 nm, rare earth-transition metal (RE-TM), ferrimagnetic thin films fabricated by sputter deposition, to date, rare-earth-free sub-20 nm Mn4N films with PMA have only been reported to be achieved by molecular beam epitaxy, which is not suitable for massive production. Here, we report the epitaxial growth of sub-20 nm Mn4N films with PMA at 400 °C–450 °C substrate temperatures on MgO substrates by reactive sputtering. The Mn4N films were achieved by reducing the surface roughness of MgO substrate through a high-temperature vacuum annealing process. The optimal films showed low saturation magnetization (Ms = 43 emu/cc), low magnetic anisotropy energy (0.7 Merg/cc), and a remanent magnetization to saturation magnetization ratio (Mr/Ms) near 1 at room temperature. Preliminary ab initio density functional theory calculations have confirmed the ferrimagnetic ground state of Mn4N grown on MgO. The magnetic properties, along with the high thermal stability of Mn4N thin films in comparison with RE-TM thin films, provide the platform for future studies of practical skyrmion-based spintronic materials.
Horticultural biosecurity.
Authors: Morgan Lynette 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Horticultural biosecurity is a term used to describe regulations and processes set in place to protect countries, regions or individual production properties against the introduction and spread of new pests and diseases. A further objective of biosecurity measures is to effectively identify and prevent the spread (preferably eliminate) of any outbreak of alien pests and diseases before they become widely established in a new environment. Effective biosecurity aims to protect the economy, environment and community from the negative impacts of inadvertent or deliberate introductions of new plant pests and diseases. FAO has determined that biosecurity is a term that encompasses policy and regulation to protect agriculture, food and the environment from biological risk (FAO, 2003). Plant pests are organisms that can cause considerable damage to horticultural crops, reduce yields and quality, affect trade and market access and significantly increase production costs. Biosecurity has become an increasingly important topic at both a grower and at a national and international level. As globalisation and world trade has rapidly increased, fresh produce is routinely shipped from the production site large distances to distant markets. Furthermore, new pest and pathogens may be spread through natural dispersal (such as wind or water), or through everyday activities including travel and tourism, imports and exports of non-horticultural goods, mail and freight systems, on machinery, as seed contaminants, and via many other forms of introduction. This opens numerous avenues for the transfer of crop pests and pathogens to new regions and into new environments where native and other local species as well as horticultural plants can be negatively affected.
Calibration of reference solar cells at standard test conditions
Authors: Winter S , Kröger I , Friedrich D , Morozova S , Lee D -H , Yoo J -K , Huang X , Wang P -H , Chen C -W , Tsai Min-An , Limin X , Yandong L , Kück S 
Published: January 2021

Main text
The EURAMET.PR-S5 intercomparison of the short circuit current of reference solar cells at standard test conditions was carried out as star type comparison. In total 6 participants with seven facilities took part, 1 from Europe (PTB/Germany with two facilities: the established DSR facility as pilot lab and the new Laser-DSR facility as participant) and 5 outside Europe (NIM/China, VNIIOFI/Russia, KRISS/South Korea, A-STAR/Singapore, ITRI/Chinese Taipei). Therefore, this comparison can be considered as a worldwide one as all NMIs world-wide that had built up facilities for the primary ISTC-calibration of reference solar cells when the measurements started, participated.
For the calculation of the reference value of the supplementary comparison no participant had to be excluded and the used weighted mean with cut-off has been supported by all participants.
The unilateral Degrees of Equivalence (DoE) calculated for each participant are fully 100 % consistent with their standard uncertainties. The largest En-value is 0.61 and therefore significant smaller than 1. The chi-square test is fully satisfied with 2.09 < χ2(5) = 11.07. Thus, the DSR method is highly suitable for the calibration of reference solar cells according to the short circuit current at standard test conditions.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCPR, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K6 of the standards for absorbed dose to water of the LNE-LNHB, France and the BIPM in accelerator photon beams
Authors: Kessler C , Burns D T , Roger P , Delaunay F , Donois M , Rapp B 
Published: January 2021

Main text
A key comparison has been made between the absorbed dose to water standards of the Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), France and the BIPM in accelerator photon beams. The results show the standards to be in agreement within the standard uncertainty of the comparison of 5.9 parts in 103. The results are analysed and presented in terms of degrees of equivalence, suitable for entry in the BIPM key comparison database.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Groundwater age of spring discharges under changing permafrost conditions: the Khangai Mountains in central Mongolia
Authors: Hiyama Tetsuya , Dashtseren Avirmed , Asai Kazuyoshi , Kanamori Hironari , Iijima Yoshihiro , Ishikawa Mamoru 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Obtaining a better understanding of groundwater dynamics in permafrost zones is a critical issue in permafrost hydrology. This includes assessing the impacts of climate change on permafrost thaw and ground ice-melt. Both permafrost thaw and ground ice-melt can be related to groundwater discharges (i.e. spring discharges), and spring water is an important local water resource; accordingly, changes in these processes can have large impacts on local people and their subsistence activities. To detect permafrost thaw and ground ice-melt in the permafrost zone of Mongolia, groundwater ages of several spring discharges were determined using two transient tracers: tritium (3H) and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Spring water samples were collected seasonally from 2015 to 2019 at seven spring sites around the Khangai Mountains in central Mongolia. The sites included two thermokarst landscapes on the northern and southern sides of the mountains. The 3H and CFC concentrations in the spring water in the thermokarst landscapes were very low, especially on the southern side of the mountains, and the estimated mean groundwater age for these sites was older than that for the other sampled springs. Consequently, the young water ratios of the thermokarst sites were lower than those for the other springs. This ratio, however, showed a gradual increase with time, which indicates that recently recharged rainwater began to contribute to the spring discharge at the thermokarst sites. An atmospheric water budget analysis indicated that net recharge from modern and recent precipitation to shallow groundwater in the summer season was almost zero on the southern side of the mountains. Thus, we inferred that the spring water at the thermokarst sites on the southern side of the mountains contained large amounts of ground ice-melt water.
Nucleic acid detection and quantitative analysis of influenza virus using exhaled breath condensate
Authors: Li Xiaoguang , Wang Minfei , Chen Jing , Lin Fei , Wang Wei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is increasingly being used as a non-invasive method for disease diagnosis and environmental exposure assessment. We previously detected the nucleic acids of bacterial pathogens in EBC. Influenza viruses can be transmitted through aerosols during coughing and exhaling. Existing detection methods for influenza have various limitations. The EBC collection method is convenient, non-invasive, and reduces the risk of exposure. We investigated the detection of influenza virus in EBC using a sensitive nucleic acid testing method and performed quantitative analysis to evaluate the present and content of influenza virus in the breath. We evaluated 30 patients with respiratory tract infection during the 2019 influenza season. The clinical data and samples of nasal swabs were collected for rapid influenza diagnostic (antigen) tests. Pharyngeal swab and EBC samples were used for influenza virus nucleic acid detection. Each EBC sample was assessed twice as well as at one-month follow-up of the patients. The nucleic acid test in the EBC of 30 cases revealed 20 and two cases of influenza A and B, respectively, giving a detection rate of 73.3%. The rapid influenza diagnostic (antigen) tests revealed four and 12 cases of influenza A and B, respectively, with a detection rate of 53.3%. All pharyngeal swab samples evaluated by the nucleic acid test were influenza-positive; 12 cases were positive for both influenza A and B and 18 cases were positive for influenza B alone. The influenza viral load in the EBC was 103–107 copies ml−1. Among the 16 patients followed-up after 1 month, 4 were positive (25%) in EBC samples and 10 were positive (62.5%) in pharyngeal swab samples. It was preliminary exploration that influenza virus could be detected in EBC. EBC is one of the sample types that would be used for molecular diagnosis of influenza.