bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and initial validation of the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease self‐management questionnaire
Authors: Kwon Oh Young , Jang Yeonsoo , Lee Ji Yea , Kim Seung Up , Ahn Sang Hoon 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing, and self‐management is essential to improve health outcomes in this population. Despite the importance of self‐management, there is no instrument to assess it in patients with NAFLD. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an initial version of a self‐management questionnaire for patients with NAFLD. This was a methodological and psychometric study conducted between April and November 2019. The NAFLD self‐management questionnaire was developed after a theoretical and literature review and focus group interviews in three phases: (1) item generation, (2) item evaluation, and (3) psychometric evaluation. Participants (N = 155) were recruited from a hospital in Seoul, South Korea. Items were generated based on clinical NAFLD guidelines and the individual and family self‐management theory. Construct validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis. Six‐factors were extracted from 22 items: lifestyle management, medical treatment compliance, management of medication and dietary supplements, alcohol consumption management, sleep management, and family support. These factors accounted for 67.4% of the total variance; each factor had an eigenvalue greater than 1, and Cronbach's alpha for the scale was 0.87. The NAFLD self‐management questionnaire showed acceptable initial validity and reliability. The instrument can prove useful in the formulation of tailored interventions based on individual patients' care needs. Furthermore, it may be used as an indicator of health outcomes in this population.
Dual event‐triggered control for linear systems with consecutive packet losses
Authors: Cui Yanliang , Xu Lanlan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article investigates an event‐triggered control for linear continuous‐time systems by tolerating consecutive packet losses. Two event‐triggers are, respectively, employed in the sensor‐to‐controller and controller‐to‐actuator channels in order to reduce the data transmission pressures. A simple discrete‐time state feedback control law is proposed and the control command is only updated when the actuator successfully receives the command information. By the proposed method, the event‐triggers are proved to be maintained or violated consecutively. The appropriate data sampling period and the maximal allowable packet loss numbers can be quantitatively determined. In addition, it is also proved that the event‐trigger in controller‐to‐actuator may not be violated immediately with the event‐trigger in sensor‐to‐actuator. The uniform ultimate bound of the closed‐loop system can be achieved. Finally, numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Exact sequential test for clinical trials and post‐market drug and vaccine safety surveillance with Poisson and binary data
Authors: R. Silva Ivair , Maro Judith , Kulldorff Martin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn sequential analysis, hypothesis testing is performed repeatedly in a prospective manner as data accrue over time to quickly arrive at an accurate conclusion or decision. In this tutorial paper, detailed explanations are given for both designing and operating sequential testing. We describe the calculation of exact thresholds for stopping or signaling, statistical power, expected time to signal, and expected sample sizes for sequential analysis with Poisson and binary type data. The calculations are run using the packageSequential, constructed inRlanguage. Real data examples are inspired on clinical trials practice, such as the current efforts to develop treatments to face the COVID‐19 pandemic, and the comparison of treatments of osteoporosis. In addition, we mimic the monitoring of adverse events following influenza vaccination and Pediarix vaccination.
First known case of canine focal metatarsal fistulation in a Shikoku dog
Authors: Sobashima Elina , Haraguchi Noeru , Kondo Hirotaka , Watari Toshihiro , Kanou Rui 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis report is the first to describe a case of canine metatarsal fistulation in a Shikoku dog. A male Japanese Shikoku (9 years old; weight, 18 kg) presented with an ulcer and hemorrhagic discharge from a fistula on the metatarsal region of the left hind leg. X‐ray examination showed a normal foot structure and the absence of shadows that might suggest the presence of a foreign body in the metatarsal region of the left hind leg. Histological examination of a biopsy of the lesion revealed granulation tissue; with mild infiltration by lymphocytes, plasma cells, and histiocytes, but no apparent infectious microorganisms. Oral administration of prednisolone with cyclosporin was effective in treating this disease, which might have been immune mediated.
Multiple complications in a dog infected withBabesia gibsoni
Authors: Almendros Angel , Burchell Richard 
Published: June 2021

AbstractComplexities in the diagnosis and management ofBabesia gibsoniinfection in dogs are discussed in this case report. A dog presented with an acute onset of anorexia, weakness, severe anaemia and thrombocytopenia. An initial improvement was observed after treatment with atovaquone and azithromycin. The dog developed complications including disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), non‐cardiogenic pulmonary oedema and a bicavitary effusion. Blood and plasma transfusions were required to stabilize the severe anaemia and coagulopathy. An additional novel antiprotozoal therapy resulted in a complete recovery and clearance ofB. gibsoniDNA as detected by a PCR test. This report describes a range of complications that to our knowledge have not previously been reported in dogs infected withB. gibsoni.
Fatal congenital peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia in a sable antelope (Hippotragus niger) calf
Authors: Nel Rudolf , Henning Alischa , O'Dell Nicolize 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCongenital peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia was diagnosed in a 2‐week‐old sable antelope (Hippotragus niger) calf with subsequent fatal acute heart failure. Histopathological examination of the lung, liver and heart revealed lesions supportive of acute heart failure that consisted of pulmonary oedema, periacinar hepatocellular necrosis and myocardial degeneration and necrosis. The external pressure on the coronary arteries by the liver and abomasum most likely resulted in ischaemic injury of the cardiomyocytes and the resultant acute heart failure.
Virtual reality relaxation for the general population: a systematic review
Authors: Riches Simon , Azevedo Lisa , Bird Leanne , Pisani Sara , Valmaggia Lucia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Relaxation has significant restorative properties and implications for public health. However, modern, busy lives leave limiting time for relaxation. Virtual reality (VR) experiences of pleasant and calming virtual environments, accessed with a head-mounted display (HMD), appear to promote relaxation. This study aimed to provide a systematic review of feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of studies that use VR to promote relaxation in the general population (PROSPERO 195,804).

Methods
Web of Science, PsycINFO, Embase, and MEDLINE were searched until 29th June 2020. Studies were included in the review if they used HMD technology to present virtual environments that aimed to promote or measure relaxation, or relaxation-related variables. The Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) quality assessment tool was used to assess methodological quality of studies.

Results
6403 articles were identified through database searching. Nineteen studies published between 2007 and 2020, with 1278 participants, were included in the review. Of these, thirteen were controlled studies. Studies predominantly used natural audio-visual stimuli to promote relaxation. Findings indicate feasibility, acceptability, and short-term effectiveness of VR to increase relaxation and reduce stress. Six studies received an EPHPP rating of ‘strong’, seven were ‘moderate’, and six were ‘weak’.

Conclusions
VR may be a useful tool to promote relaxation in the general population, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, when stress is increasing worldwide. However, methodological limitations, such as limited randomised controlled trials and longer-term evidence, mean that these conclusions should be drawn with caution. More robust studies are needed to support this promising area of VR relaxation.
Does parental permissiveness toward cigarette smoking and alcohol use influence illicit drug use among adolescents? A longitudinal study in seven European countries
Authors: Mehanović Emina , Vigna-Taglianti Federica , Faggiano Fabrizio , Galanti Maria Rosaria ,   The EU-Dap Study Group, Zunino Barbara , Vigna-Taglianti Federica , Cuomo Gian Luca , Vadrucci Serena , Salmaso Silena , Bohrn Karl , Bohrn Sebastian , Coppens Erwin , Weyts Yannick , van der Kreeft Peer , Jongbloet Johan , Melero Juan Carlos , Perez Tatiana , Varona Laura , Rementeria Oihana , Wiborg Gudrun , Vassara Maro , Kyriakidou Maria , Terzopoulou Gabriela , Sanchez Sara , Jansson Charlotte , Galanti Maria Rosaria , Faggiano Fabrizio , Fabiani Leila , Scatigna Maria 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Adolescents’ perceptions of parental norms may influence their substance use. The relationship between parental norms toward cigarette and alcohol use, and the use of illicit substances among their adolescent children is not sufficiently investigated. The purpose of this study was to analyze this relationship, including gender differences, using longitudinal data from a large population-based study.

Methods
The present study analyzed longitudinal data from 3171 12- to 14-year-old students in 7 European countries allocated to the control arm of the European Drug Addiction Prevention trial. The impact of parental permissiveness toward cigarettes and alcohol use reported by the students at baseline on illicit drug use at 6-month follow-up was analyzed through multilevel logistic regression models, stratified by gender. Whether adolescents’ own use of cigarette and alcohol mediated the association between parental norms and illicit drug use was tested through mediation models.

Results
Parental permissive norms toward cigarette smoking and alcohol use at baseline predicted adolescents’ illicit drug use at follow-up. The association was stronger among boys than among girls and was mediated by adolescents’ own cigarette and alcohol use.

Conclusion
Perceived parental permissiveness toward the use of legal drugs predicted adolescents’ use of illicit drugs, especially among boys. Parents should be made aware of the importance of norm setting, and supported in conveying clear messages of disapproval of all substances.
Influence of Kaolin particulate and Luffa cylindrica fiber on the mechanical properties polyester matrix
Authors: Yaro Aliyu , Kuburi Laminu , Moshood Musa Abiodun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPolymeric materials are used in different industrial applications because they retain good environmental properties, low-cost, and easy to produce compared to conventional materials. This study investigated the effect of adding Kaolin particulate (KFP) and Luffa cylindrica fiber (LCF) on the mechanical properties of polyester resin. Luffa cylindrica fiber was treated with 5% NaOH, varied in weight fraction (5, 10, and 15%wt), and was used to reinforce unsaturated polyester resin using the hand lay-up method, whereas, for the hybrid composite, Kaolin particulates were kept constant at 6wt% fraction while the fibers varied as in the mono-reinforced composite. The samples were machined for mechanical analysis. Analysis of the result revealed that the reinforcement has enhanced greatly the mechanical properties of polyester composites.
Multisensory contribution in visuospatial orientation: an interaction between neck and trunk proprioception
Authors: McCarthy Jason , Castro Patricia , Cottier Rachael , Buttell Joseph , Arshad Qadeer , Kheradmand Amir , Kaski Diego 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA coherent perception of spatial orientation is key in maintaining postural control. To achieve this the brain must access sensory inputs encoding both the body and the head position and integrate them with incoming visual information. Here we isolated the contribution of proprioception to verticality perception and further investigated whether changing the body position without moving the head can modulate visual dependence—the extent to which an individual relies on visual cues for spatial orientation. Spatial orientation was measured in ten healthy individuals [6 female; 25–47 years (SD 7.8 years)] using a virtual reality based subjective visual vertical (SVV) task. Individuals aligned an arrow to their perceived gravitational vertical, initially against a static black background (10 trials), and then in other conditions with clockwise and counterclockwise background rotations (each 10 trials). In all conditions, subjects were seated first in the upright position, then with trunk tilted 20° to the right, followed by 20° to the left while the head was always aligned vertically. The SVV error was modulated by the trunk position, and it was greater when the trunk was tilted to the left compared to right or upright trunk positions (p < 0.001). Likewise, background rotation had an effect on SVV errors as these were greater with counterclockwise visual rotation compared to static background and clockwise roll motion (p < 0.001). Our results show that the interaction between neck and trunk proprioception can modulate how visual inputs affect spatial orientation.
The role of physical cues in the development of stem cell-derived organoids
Authors: Tortorella Ilaria , Argentati Chiara , Emiliani Carla , Martino Sabata , Morena Francesco 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOrganoids are a novel three-dimensional stem cells’ culture system that allows the in vitro recapitulation of organs/tissues structure complexity. Pluripotent and adult stem cells are included in a peculiar microenvironment consisting of a supporting structure (an extracellular matrix (ECM)-like component) and a cocktail of soluble bioactive molecules that, together, mimic the stem cell niche organization. It is noteworthy that the balance of all microenvironmental components is the most critical step for obtaining the successful development of an accurate organoid instead of an organoid with heterogeneous morphology, size, and cellular composition. Within this system, mechanical forces exerted on stem cells are collected by cellular proteins and transduced via mechanosensing—mechanotransduction mechanisms in biochemical signaling that dictate the stem cell specification process toward the formation of organoids. This review discusses the role of the environment in organoids formation and focuses on the effect of physical components on the developmental system. The work starts with a biological description of organoids and continues with the relevance of physical forces in the organoid environment formation. In this context, the methods used to generate organoids and some relevant published reports are discussed as examples showing the key role of mechanosensing–mechanotransduction mechanisms in stem cell-derived organoids.
Focal unspecific bone uptake on [18F]-PSMA-1007 PET: a multicenter retrospective evaluation of the distribution, frequency, and quantitative parameters of a potential pitfall in prostate cancer imaging
Authors: Grünig Hannes , Maurer Alexander , Thali Yannick , Kovacs Zsofia , Strobel Klaus , Burger Irene A. , Müller Joachim 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Improved logistics and availability led to a rapid increase in the use of [18F]-PSMA-1007 for prostate cancer PET imaging. Initial data suggests increased uptake in benign lesions compared to [68 Ga]-PSMA-11, and clinical observations found increased unspecific bone uptake (UBU). We therefore investigate the frequency and characteristics of UBU in [18F]-PSMA-1007 PET.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed [18F]-PSMA-1007 PET scans from four centers for the presence of UBU, defined as a focal mild-to-moderate uptake (SUVmax < 10.0) not obviously related to a benign or malignant cause. If present, up to three leading UBUs were quantified (SUVmax), localized, and correlated to clinical parameters, such as age, PSA, injected dose, Gleason score, tumor size (T1–T4), and type of PET scanner (analog vs. digital). Additionally, clinical and imaging follow-up results and therapeutic impact were evaluated.

Results
UBUs were identified in 179 out of 348 patients (51.4%). The most frequent localizations were ribs (57.5%) and pelvis (24.8%). The frequency of UBUs was not associated with PSA, Gleason score, tumor size, age, or the injected [18F]-PSMA-1007 dose. UBUs were significantly more frequent in images obtained with digital PET/CT scans (n = 74, 82%) than analog PET/CT scans (n = 221, 40.3%) (p = .0001) but not in digital PET/MR (n = 53, 51%) (p = .1599). In 80 out of 179 patients (44.7%), the interpretation of UBUs was critical for therapeutic management and therefore considered clinically relevant. For 65 UBUs, follow-ups were available: three biopsies, three radiotherapies with PSA follow-up, and 59 cases with imaging. After follow-up, UBUs were still considered unclear in 28 of 65 patients (43%), benign in 28 (43%), and malignant in nine (14%) patients.

Conclusion
UBUs occur in two-thirds of patients imaged with [18F]-PSMA-1007 PET/CT and are significantly more frequent on digital PET scanners than analog scanners. UBUs should be interpreted carefully to avoid over-staging.
Impact of Preoperative Time Interval on Survival in Patients With Gastric Cancer
Authors: Okuno Keisuke , Tokunaga Masanori , Yamashita Yamato , Umebayashi Yuya , Saito Toshifumi , Fukuyo Ryosuke , Sato Yuya , Saito Katsumasa , Fujiwara Naoto , Hoshino Akihiro , Kawada Kenro , Matsuyama Takatoshi , Kinugasa Yusuke 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundA time interval between diagnosis and surgery for gastric cancer is necessary, although its impact on survival remains controversial. We evaluated the impact of preoperative time interval on survival in gastric cancer patients.MethodsWe enrolled 332 patients who underwent curative gastrectomy for clinical stage (cStage) I–III gastric cancer between 2012 and 2015. We separately analyzed early‐ (cStage I) and advanced‐stage (cStages II and III) patients. Early‐stage patients were divided according to preoperative time interval: short (≤ 42 days) and long (> 42 days) groups. Advanced‐stage patients were also divided into short (≤ 21 days) and long (> 21 days) groups. We compared the survival between the short and long groups in early‐ and advanced‐stage patients.ResultsThe median preoperative time interval was 29 days, and no significant differences were found in patient characteristics between the short and long groups in early‐ and advanced‐stage patients. In early‐stage patients, the 5‐year survival rates of the short and long groups were 86.5% and 88.4%, respectively (P = 0.917). In advanced‐stage patients, the 5‐year survival rates were 72.1% and 70.0%, respectively (P = 0.552). In multivariate analysis, a longer time interval was not selected as an independent prognostic factor in early‐ and advanced‐stage patients.ConclusionsIn this study, survival difference was not found based upon preoperative time interval. The results do not affirm the delay of treatment without reason, however, imperative extension of preoperative time interval may be justified from the standpoint of long‐term survival.
Finger abduction as a novel function of the extensor digitorum brevis manus muscle
Authors: Vaghela Kalpesh R. , Brownlie Craig , Edwards Dafydd S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA 25-year-old female presented with a chronic scapho-lunate ligament injury with development of carpal instability requiring reconstruction. During a standard dorsal longitudinal mid-line approach to the carpus, an extensor digitorum brevis manus (EDBM) muscle was found taking its origin from the dorsal wrist capsule overlying the lunate with innervation from the posterior interosseous nerve (PIN). Electrical stimulation of the muscle belly demonstrated abduction of the middle finger. The EDBM is a rare anatomical variant of the extensor compartment of the wrist and may be encountered during surgical approaches. Where possible these variant muscles should be carefully dissected off underlying structures, preserved and repaired at the conclusion of a procedure to ensure no perceived functional deficit to the patient. We present a case of a previously undescribed EDBM muscle function of pure finger abduction with no extension and a surgical technique of preserving its origin. We propose that the middle finger variant of the EDBM should be re-named the extensor digitorum brevis medius to reflect our findings.
A minimal physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for high-dose methotrexate
Authors: Pesenti Giuseppe , Foppoli Marco , Manca Davide 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
High-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) is administered for the treatment of a variety of malignant tumors. Wide intra- and inter-individual variabilities characterize the pharmacokinetics of MTX, which is mostly excreted renally. HDMTX dosages are prescribed as a function of body surface area whereas dose adjustments depending on renal function are not well defined. We develop a population pharmacokinetic model with a physiological description of renal excretion as the basis for clinical tools able to suggest model-informed dosages and support therapeutic monitoring.

Methods
This article presents a minimal physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for HDMTX, which specifically accounts for individual characteristics such as body weight, height, gender, age, hematocrit, and serum creatinine to provide individualized predictions. The model supplies a detailed and mechanistic description of capillary and cellular exchanges between plasma, interstitial fluid, and intracellular fluid compartments, and focuses on an individualized description of renal excretion.

Results
The minimal PBPK model is identified and validated with a literature dataset based on Chinese patients suffering from primary central nervous system lymphoma. A comparison with a pharmacokinetic model from the literature suggests that the proposed model provides improved predictions. Remarkably, the model does not present any significant bias in a wide range of degrees of renal function.

Conclusion
Results show that model predictions can capture the wide intra- and inter-individual variability of HDMTX, and highlight the role played by the individual degree of renal function. The proposed model can be the basis for the development of clinical decision-support systems for individualized dosages and therapeutic monitoring.
Voltage rise anemometry in turbulent flows applied to internal combustion engines
Authors: Wörner Michael , Rottenkolber Gregor 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn an experimental procedure, a voltage rise anemometry is developed as a measurement technique for turbulent flows. Initially, fundamental investigations on a specific wind tunnel were performed for basic understanding and calibration purpose. Thus, a mathematical correlation is derived for calculating flow from measured secondary voltage of an ignition system under different thermodynamic conditions. Subsequently, the derived method was applied on a spark-ignited engine to measure in-cylinder flow. Therefore, no changes on combustion chamber were necessary avoiding any interferences of the examined flow field. Comparing four different engine configurations, a study of mean flow and turbulence was performed. Moreover, the results show a clear correlation between measured turbulence and analysed combustion parameters.
Graphic abstract