bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomised trial of first-line bronchial artery embolisation for non-severe haemoptysis of mild abundance
Authors: Fartoukh Muriel , Demoule Alexandre , Sanchez Olivier , Tuffet Sophie , Bergot Emmanuel , Godet Cendrine , Andrejak Claire , Pontier-Marchandise Sandrine , Parrot Antoine , Mayaux Julien , Meyer Guy , Cluzel Philippe , Sapoval Marc , Le Pennec Vincent , Carette Marie-France , Cadranel Jacques , Rousseau Alexandra , Khalil Antoine , Simon Tabassome 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundWhereas first-line bronchial artery embolisation (BAE) is considered standard of care for the management of severe haemoptysis, it is unknown whether this approach is warranted for non-severe haemoptysis.Research questionTo assess the efficacy on bleeding control and the safety of first-line BAE in non-severe haemoptysis of mild abundance.Study design and methodsThis multicentre, randomised controlled open-label trial enrolled adult patients without major comorbid condition and having mild haemoptysis (onset <72 hours, 100–200 mL estimated bleeding amount), related to a systemic arterial mechanism. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to BAE associated with medical therapy or to medical therapy alone.ResultsBleeding recurrence at day 30 after randomisation (primary outcome) occurred in 4 (11.8%) of 34 patients in the BAE strategy and 17 (44.7%) of 38 patients in the medical strategy (difference −33%; 95% CI −13.8% to −52.1%, p=0.002). The 90-day bleeding recurrence-free survival rates were 91.2% (95% CI 75.1% to 97.1%) and 60.2% (95% CI 42.9% to 73.8%), respectively (HR=0.19, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.67, p=0.01). No death occurred during follow-up and no bleeding recurrence needed surgery.Four adverse events (one major with systemic emboli) occurred during hospitalisation, all in the BAE strategy (11.8% vs 0%; difference 11.8%, 95% CI 0.9 to 22.6, p=0.045); all eventually resolved.ConclusionIn non-severe haemoptysis of mild abundance, BAE associated with medical therapy had a superior efficacy for preventing bleeding recurrences at 30 and 90 days, as compared with medical therapy alone. However, it was associated with a higher rate of adverse events.Trial registration numberNCT01278199
Ambient PM2.5exposure and hospital cost and length of hospital stay for respiratory diseases in 11 cities in Shanxi Province, China
Authors: Cao Dawei , Li Dongyan , Wu Yinglin , Qian Zhengmin (Min) , Liu Yi , Liu Qiyong , Sun Jimin , Guo Yuming , Zhang Shiyu , Jiao Guangyuan , Yang Xiaoran , Wang Chongjian , McMillin Stephen Edward , Zhang Xinri , Lin Hualiang 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundFew studies have examined the effects of ambient particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm (PM2.5) on hospital cost and length of hospital stay for respiratory diseases in China.MethodsWe estimated ambient air pollution exposure for respiratory cases through inverse distance-weighted averages of air monitoring stations based on their residential address and averaged at the city level. We used generalised additive models to quantify city-specific associations in 11 cities in Shanxi and a meta-analysis to estimate the overall effects. We further estimated respiratory burden attributable to PM2.5using the standards of WHO (25 µg/m3) and China (75 µg/m3) as reference.ResultsEach 10 µg/m3increase in lag03PM2.5corresponded to 0.53% (95% CI: 0.33% to 0.73%) increase in respiratory hospitalisation, an increment of 3.75 thousand RMB (95% CI: 1.84 to 5.670) in hospital cost and 4.13 days (95% CI: 2.51 to 5.75) in length of hospital stay. About 9.7 thousand respiratory hospitalisations, 132 million RMB in hospital cost and 145 thousand days of hospital stay could be attributable to PM2.5exposures using WHO’s guideline as reference. We estimated that 193 RMB (95% CI: 95 to 292) in hospital cost and 0.21 days (95% CI: 0.13 to 0.30) in hospital stay could be potentially avoidable for an average respiratory case.ConclusionSignificant respiratory burden could be attributable to PM2.5exposures in Shanxi Province, China. The results need to be factored into impact assessment of air pollution policies to provide a more complete indication of the burden addressed by the policies.
Implementation of a comprehensive flavoured tobacco product sales restriction and retail tobacco sales
Authors: Gammon Doris G , Rogers Todd , Gaber Jennifer , Nonnemaker James M , Feld Ashley L , Henriksen Lisa , Johnson Trent O , Kelley Terence , Andersen-Rodgers Elizabeth 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveSan Francisco’s comprehensive restriction on flavoured tobacco sales applies to all flavours (including menthol), all products and all retailers (without exemptions). This study evaluates associations of policy implementation with changes in tobacco sales in San Francisco and in two California cities without any sales restriction.MethodsUsing weekly retail sales data (July 2015 through December 2019), we computed sales volume in equivalent units within product categories and the proportion of flavoured tobacco. An interrupted time series analysis estimated within-city changes associated with the policy’s effective and enforcement dates, separately by product category for San Francisco and comparison cities, San Jose and San Diego.ResultsPredicted average weekly flavoured tobacco sales decreased by 96% from before the policy to after enforcement (p<0.05), and to very low levels across all products, including cigars with concept-flavour names (eg, Jazz). Average weekly flavoured tobacco sales did not change in San Jose and decreased by 10% in San Diego (p<0.05). Total tobacco sales decreased by 25% in San Francisco, 8% in San Jose and 17% in San Diego (each, p<0.05).ConclusionsSan Francisco’s comprehensive restriction virtually eliminated flavoured tobacco sales and decreased total tobacco sales in mainstream retailers. Unlike other US flavoured tobacco policy evaluations, there was no evidence of substitution to concept–flavour named products. Results may be attributed to San Francisco Department of Health’s self-education and rigorous retailer education, as well as the law’s rebuttable presumption of a product as flavoured based on manufacturer communication.
Prevalence of vitamin-mineral supplement use and associated factors among Canadians: results from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey
Authors: Keshavarz Pardis , Shafiee Mojtaba , Islam Naorin , Whiting Susan J. , Vatanparast Hassan 
Published: June 2021

Vitamin/mineral supplements are used for improving micronutrient intake and preventing deficiencies, particularly for shortfall nutrients. We assessed the prevalence of vitamin/mineral supplement use and associated factors among a representative sample of Canadians aged ≥1 years. We used nationally representative data from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS)-Nutrition. The prevalence of vitamin/mineral supplement use containing shortfall nutrients (vitamins: A, C, D, B6, B12 and folate; minerals: calcium, magnesium, and zinc) was examined in this study. Logistic regression models were performed to determine factors associated with vitamin/mineral supplement use among Canadian children (1–18 years) and adults (>19 years). The overall prevalence of vitamin/mineral supplement use was 38% among men and 53% among women. Males aged 14–18 years had the lowest prevalence (26.5%; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 21.9–31.0) and females aged ≥71 years had the highest prevalence (67.8%; 95% CI = 64.1–71.5) of vitamin/mineral supplement use. Female gender, older age, higher education level, higher income, living in urban areas, having chronic conditions, having a normal body mass index (BMI), and being non-smoker were independent positive predictors of vitamin/mineral supplement use among adults. Independent positive predictors of vitamin/mineral supplement use among Canadian children included younger age, having a normal BMI, and being food secure. Novelty: The overall prevalence of vitamin/mineral supplement use among Canadian men and women was 38% and 53%, respectively. Sociodemographic and lifestyle variables were associated with vitamin/mineral supplement use, especially among Canadian adults.
Subsurface settlements of shield tunneling predicted by 2D and 3D constitutive models considering non-coaxiality and soil anisotropy: a case study
Authors: Fang Yong , Cui Jian , Wanatowski Dariusz , Nikitas Nikolaos , Yuan Ran , He Yi 
Published: June 2021

Appropriate constitutive models and reliable excavation and support sequences are believed to be the major concern in using finite element (FE) analysis to simulate shield tunnel excavation. This paper presents systematic two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) FE analyses employing a number of constitutive models accounting for initial soil anisotropy and non-coaxial plasticity, as evidenced within site investigations from the Tsinghuayuan Tunnel of the Jing-Zhang high-speed railway in China. The aim is to assess the effects of both the initial soil anisotropy and non-coaxiality on longitudinal and transverse tunneling-induced surface settlements. It is shown that the excavation procedures combined with the degree of cross-anisotropy are key towards the accurate prediction of maximum vertical displacements from tunneling, matching field data. Knowledge of the initial soil strength anisotropy can further improve the shape prediction of the transverse tunneling-induced surface settlement troughs. When considering n = 0.6 and β = 0° in simulations, the transverse surface settlement trough obtained is almost coincident with monitored field data. Initial stiffness anisotropy used in the prediction of shield tunnel-induced surface settlements in sandy pebble soils does improve realism of results significantly. The maximum longitudinal settlement predicted by considering cross-anisotropy is larger than that predicted by its isotropic counterpart.
Evaluation of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) for forage yield and persistence in sainfoin–alfalfa (Medicago sativa) mixtures and under different harvest frequencies
Authors: Biligetu Bill , Jefferson Paul G. , Lardner Herbert A. , Acharya Surya N. 
Published: June 2021

Condensed tannins in sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) improve forage digestion and reduce the risk of ruminant bloat caused by grazing alfalfa (Medicago sativa). The objectives of this study were to evaluate the forage dry matter yield (DMY) and persistence of newer sainfoin cultivars in mixtures with alfalfa, and to determine the impact of harvest frequency on the persistence of sainfoin. Sainfoin cultivars ‘AAC Mountainview’, ‘AAC Glenview’, ‘Delaney’, ‘Shoshone’, and six experimental populations were compared with ‘Nova’ and ‘Melrose’ at Lanigan, SK, from 2016 to 2018. Field plots were seeded in either monocultures of sainfoin at 33 kg·ha−1 or sainfoin–‘AC Grazeland’ alfalfa mixtures at 16:9 kg·ha−1 in alternate rows. Forage DMY was greater (P = 0.001) in mixtures than in sainfoin monocultures in all harvests. The proportion of sainfoin in mixtures at Cut 1 declined from 4.1% to 1.3% of total DMY from 2016 to 2018, and 19.0% to 4.8% in Cut 2, which was less than the recommended level to eliminate ruminant bloat risk. A second field trial was established in 2017 to compare responses of ‘AAC Mountainview’, ‘Nova’, and ‘Shoshone’ sainfoin under one-, two- or three-harvest frequencies in 2018 and 2019. The increase of harvest frequency did not reduce sainfoin stand (%). Stand percentage of ‘AAC Mountainview’ (91%) was greater (P = 0.01) than ‘Nova’ sainfoin (62%). Further agronomic studies focusing on weed control in sainfoin stands and the optimum seeding ratios of sainfoin–alfalfa within the Parkland region of Saskatchewan are needed.
Double peaks of gravitational wave spectrum induced from inflection point inflation
Authors: Gao Tie-Jun , Yang Xiu-Yi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe investigate the possibility of inducing the gravitational waves (GWs) with double peak energy spectrum from primordial scalar perturbations in inflationary models with three inflection points. Here the inflection points can be generated from a polynomial potential or generated from a Higgs-like $$\phi ^4$$

ϕ
4

potential with the running of quartic coupling. In such models, the inflection point at large scales predicts the scalar spectral index and tensor-to-scalar ratio to be consistent with current CMB constraints, and the other two inflection points generate two large peaks in the scalar power spectrum at small scales, which can induce GWs with a double peak energy spectrum. We find that for some choices of the parameters the double peak spectrum can be detected by future GW detectors, and one of the peaks around $$f\simeq 10^{-9}{-}10^{-8}$$

f
≃

10

-
9

-

10

-
8

Hz can also explain the recent NANOGrav signal. Moreover, the peaks of the power spectrum allow for the generation of primordial black holes, which accounts for a significant fraction of dark matter.
The Association between Polluted Neighborhoods andTP53-Mutated Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Erhunmwunsee Loretta , Wing Sam E. , Shen Jenny , Hu Hengrui , Sosa Ernesto , Lopez Lisa N. , Raquel Catherine , Sur Melissa , Ibarra-Noriega Pilar , Currey Madeline , Lee Janet , Kim Jae Y. , Raz Dan J. , Amini Arya , Sampath Sagus , Koczywas Marianna , Massarelli Erminia , West Howard L. , Reckamp Karen L. , Kittles Rick A. , Salgia Ravi , Seewaldt Victoria L. , Neuhausen Susan L. , Gray Stacy W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground:Poor patients often reside in neighborhoods of lower socioeconomic status (SES) with high levels of airborne pollutants. They also have higher mortality from non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) than those living in wealthier communities. We investigated whether living in polluted neighborhoods is associated with somatic mutations linked with lower survival rates, i.e., TP53 mutations.Methods:In a retrospective cohort of 478 patients with NSCLC treated at a comprehensive cancer center between 2015 and 2018, we used logistic regression to assess associations between individual demographic and clinical characteristics, including somatic TP53 mutation status and environmental risk factors of annual average particulate matter (PM2.5) levels, and neighborhood SES.Results:277 patients (58%) had somatic TP53 mutations. Of those, 45% lived in neighborhoods with “moderate” Environmental Protection Agency–defined PM2.5 exposure, compared with 39% of patients without TP53 mutations. We found significant associations between living in neighborhoods with “moderate” versus “good” PM2.5 concentrations and minority population percentage [OR, 1.06; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04–1.08]. There was a significant association between presence of TP53 mutations and PM2.5 exposure (moderate versus good: OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.02–2.72) after adjusting for patient characteristics, other environmental factors, and neighborhood-level SES.Conclusions:When controlling for individual- and neighborhood-level confounders, we find that the odds of having a TP53-mutated NSCLC are increased in areas with higher PM2.5 exposure.Impact:The link between pollution and aggressive biology may contribute to the increased burden of adverse NSCLC outcomes in individuals living in lower SES neighborhoods.
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Levels and the Risk of Keratinocyte Cancer: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Seviiri Mathias , Law Matthew H. , Ong Jue Sheng , Gharahkhani Puya , Nyholt Dale R. , Olsen Catherine M. , Whiteman David C. , MacGregor Stuart 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background:
Keratinocyte cancer is the commonest cancer, imposing a high economic burden on the health care system. Observational studies have shown mixed associations between polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and keratinocyte cancer, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We explored whether genetically predicted PUFA levels are associated with BCC and SCC risks.

Methods:
We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization study using PUFA level genome-wide association studies (GWAS) from the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology Consortium (n &gt; 8,000), and the meta-analysis GWASs from UKB, 23andMe, and Qskin for BCC (n = 651,138) and SCC (n = 635,331) risk.

Results:
One SD increase in genetically predicted levels of linoleic acid [OR = 0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.91–0.97, P = 1.4 × 10–4] and alpha-linolenic acid (OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.86–0.96, P = 5.1 × 10–4) was associated with a reduced BCC risk, while arachidonic acid (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.02–1.06, P = 3.2 × 10–4) and eicosapentaenoic acid (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.04–1.16, P = 1.5 × 10–3) were associated with an increased BCC risk.

Conclusions:
Higher genetically predicted levels of linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid were associated with a reduced BCC risk, but arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid were associated with a higher BCC risk.

Impact:
PUFA-related diet and supplementation could influence BCC etiology.
Long-term Follow-up and Correlative Analysis of Two Phase II Trials of Rituximab and Lenalidomide Followed by Continuous Lenalidomide in Untreated and Relapsed/Refractory Indolent Lymphoma
Authors: Tuscano Joseph M. , Poh Christina , Kaesberg Paul , Luxardi Guilluame , Merleev Alexander , Marusina Alina , Brunson Ann , Rosenberg Aaron , Jonas Brian , Maverakis Emanual 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurpose:Rituximab and lenalidomide are effective for previously untreated and relapsed/refractory (R/R) indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (iNHL). However, long-term survival and predictive biomarkers are not well described.Patients and Methods:We conducted two phase II open-label trials involving 60 patients with previously untreated and R/R advanced-stage iNHL. Patients received lenalidomide and rituximab induction followed by continuous lenalidomide until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR). Correlative studies included plasma cytokine monitoring, flow cytometry of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC; days 0, 15, 30, and 60), and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of pretreatment tumor biopsies.Results:At a median follow-up of 63 months for previously untreated and 100 months for R/R, ORR was 82% for both. The 11 R/R patients who achieved complete remission remained in continuous remission for 16 to 141 months, thereafter. Median overall survival (OS) was not reached in the previously untreated and was 140 months (95% confidence interval, 53.4–140) in the R/R group. A mixed-effects linear regression model identified significant associations between Granzyme B+ (GranB+) CD8+ T cells and long-term complete response (LTCR; P = 5.3e-4). Furthermore, prior to start of therapy, treatment response could be predicted by B-cell and GranB+ CD8+ T-cell levels (% total lymphocytes).Conclusions:Rituximab plus lenalidomide followed by continuous lenalidomide is effective with manageable toxicity in patients with previously untreated and R/R iNHL. This regimen produces durable remissions, even in heavily pretreated patients, with some lasting greater than 10 years. GranB+ CD8+ T cells, B cells, and plasma IFNγ allowed prediction of LTCR but need validation in larger trials.
An Open-Source, Automated Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Algorithm for Prognosis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Bai Yalai , Cole Kimberly , Martinez-Morilla Sandra , Ahmed Fahad Shabbir , Zugazagoitia Jon , Staaf Johan , Bosch Ana , Ehinger Anna , Nimeus Emma , Hartman Johan , Acs Balazs , Rimm David L. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
Although tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) assessment has been acknowledged to have both prognostic and predictive importance in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), it is subject to inter and intraobserver variability that has prevented widespread adoption. Here we constructed a machine-learning based breast cancer TIL scoring approach and validated its prognostic potential in multiple TNBC cohorts.

Experimental Design:
Using the QuPath open-source software, we built a neural-network classifier for tumor cells, lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and “other” cells on hematoxylin–eosin (H&E)–stained sections. We analyzed the classifier-derived TIL measurements with five unique constructed TIL variables. A retrospective collection of 171 TNBC cases was used as the discovery set to identify the optimal association of machine-read TIL variables with patient outcome. For validation, we evaluated a retrospective collection of 749 TNBC patients comprised of four independent validation subsets.

Results:
We found that all five machine TIL variables had significant prognostic association with outcomes (P ≤ 0.01 for all comparisons) but showed cell-specific variation in validation sets. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that all five TIL variables were independently associated with improved overall survival after adjusting for clinicopathologic factors including stage, age, and histologic grade (P ≤ 0.0003 for all analyses).

Conclusions:
Neural net-driven cell classifier-defined TIL variables were robust and independent prognostic factors in several independent validation cohorts of TNBC patients. These objective, open-source TIL variables are freely available to download and can now be considered for testing in a prospective setting to assess clinical utility.
See related commentary by Symmans, p. 5446
Prognostic Significance of Blood-Based Multi-cancer Detection in Plasma Cell-Free DNA
Authors: Chen Xiaoji , Dong Zhao , Hubbell Earl , Kurtzman Kathryn N. , Oxnard Geoffrey R. , Venn Oliver , Melton Collin , Clarke Christina A. , Shaknovich Rita , Ma Ting , Meixiong Gerry , Seiden Michael V. , Klein Eric A. , Fung Eric T. , Liu Minetta C. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
We recently reported the development of a cell-free DNA (cfDNA) targeted methylation (TM)-based sequencing approach for a multi-cancer early detection (MCED) test that includes cancer signal origin prediction. Here, we evaluated the prognostic significance of cancer detection by the MCED test using longitudinal follow-up data.

Experimental Design:
As part of a Circulating Cell-free Genome Atlas (CCGA) substudy, plasma cfDNA samples were sequenced using a TM approach, and machine learning classifiers predicted cancer status and cancer signal origin. Overall survival (OS) of cancer participants in the first 3 years of follow-up was evaluated in relation to cancer detection by the MCED test and clinical characteristics.

Results:
Cancers not detected by the MCED test had significantly better OS (P &lt; 0.0001) than cancers detected, even after accounting for other covariates, including clinical stage and method of clinical diagnosis (i.e., standard-of-care screening or clinical presentation with signs/symptoms). Additionally, cancers not detected by the MCED test had better OS than was expected when data were adjusted for age, stage, and cancer type from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. In cancers with current screening options, the MCED test also differentiated more aggressive cancers from less aggressive cancers (P &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusions:
Cancer detection by the MCED test was prognostic beyond clinical stage and method of diagnosis. Cancers not detected by the MCED test had better prognosis than cancers detected and SEER-based expected survival. Cancer detection and prognosis may be linked by the underlying biological factor of tumor fraction in cfDNA.