bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIF-1α Regulation of Cytokine Production following TLR3 Engagement in Murine Bone Marrow–Derived Macrophages Is Dependent on Viral Nucleic Acid Length and Glucose Availability
Authors: Ahmed Duale , Humphrey Allan , Roy David , Sheridan Mary-Elizabeth , Versey Zoya , Jaworski Allison , Edwards Alex , Donner James , Abizaid Alfonso , Willmore William , Kumar Ashok , Golshani Ashkan , Cassol Edana 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is an important regulator of glucose metabolism and inflammatory cytokine production in innate immune responses. Viruses modulate HIF-1α to support viral replication and the survival of infected cells, but it is unclear if this transcription factor also plays an important role in regulating antiviral immune responses. In this study, we found that short and long dsRNA differentially engage TLR3, inducing distinct levels of proinflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α and IL-6) in bone marrow–derived macrophages from C57BL/6 mice. These responses are associated with differential accumulation of HIF-1α, which augments NF-κB activation. Unlike TLR4 responses, increased HIF-1α following TLR3 engagement is not associated with significant alterations in glycolytic activity and was more pronounced in low glucose conditions. We also show that the mechanisms supporting HIF-1α stabilization may differ following stimulation with short versus long dsRNA and that pyruvate kinase M2 and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species play a central role in these processes. Collectively, this work suggests that HIF-1α may fine-tune proinflammatory cytokine production during early antiviral immune responses, particularly when there is limited glucose availability or under other conditions of stress. Our findings also suggest we may be able to regulate the magnitude of proinflammatory cytokine production during antiviral responses by targeting proteins or molecules that contribute to HIF-1α stabilization.
β-Glucan Induces Distinct and Protective Innate Immune Memory in Differentiated Macrophages
Authors: Stothers Cody L , Burelbach Katherine R , Owen Allison M , Patil Naeem K , McBride Margaret A , Bohannon Julia K , Luan Liming , Hernandez Antonio , Patil Tazeen K , Williams David L , Sherwood Edward R 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Bacterial infections are a common and deadly threat to vulnerable patients. Alternative strategies to fight infection are needed. β-Glucan, an immunomodulator derived from the fungal cell wall, provokes resistance to infection by inducing trained immunity, a phenomenon that persists for weeks to months. Given the durability of trained immunity, it is unclear which leukocyte populations sustain this effect. Macrophages have a life span that surpasses the duration of trained immunity. Thus, we sought to define the contribution of differentiated macrophages to trained immunity. Our results show that β-glucan protects mice from Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection by augmenting recruitment of innate leukocytes to the site of infection and facilitating local clearance of bacteria, an effect that persists for more than 7 d. Adoptive transfer of macrophages, trained using β-glucan, into naive mice conferred a comparable level of protection. Trained mouse bone marrow–derived macrophages assumed an antimicrobial phenotype characterized by enhanced phagocytosis and reactive oxygen species production in parallel with sustained enhancements in glycolytic and oxidative metabolism, increased mitochondrial mass, and membrane potential. β-Glucan induced broad transcriptomic changes in macrophages consistent with early activation of the inflammatory response, followed by sustained alterations in transcripts associated with metabolism, cellular differentiation, and antimicrobial function. Trained macrophages constitutively secreted CCL chemokines and robustly produced proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in response to LPS challenge. Induction of the trained phenotype was independent of the classic β-glucan receptors Dectin-1 and TLR-2. These findings provide evidence that β-glucan induces enhanced protection from infection by driving trained immunity in macrophages.
Public sector wage reforms in the light of equity principles
Authors: Tachie Benjamin Yaw , Potakey Harriet M. D. 
Published: November 2021

Since 1967 seven committees and commissions have been set up to review disparities, distortions
and anomalies inherent in the pay policy and wages in the public sector in Ghana. The introduction of the Single Spine Pay Policy in the year 2010 was meant to address these anomalies but has been bedevilled with several unrests at the labour front. This has manifested itself in various ways such as strike actions, protests, petitions, legal actions, and appeals to the Labour Commission and other stakeholders. Several attempts at resolving these agitations since independence have not yielded the expected outcome which would have led to a more stable labour front. The literature on the various pay reforms in Ghana has not addressed the equity issues inherent in them. The aim of this article therefore, is to review the pay policies, in the light of equity principles and propose solutions to minimise the labour unrest associated with public sector wage reforms. The article uses Adams Equity theory of motivation to explain the frequency of labour unrest in Ghana and proposes the application of the tenets of equity theory as a solution. We use documentary analysis to examine the various reforms and propose a theoretical approach to resolve the canker within and among the labour groups. We conclude this article by arguing that the frequent labour unrest within the public service in Ghana is mainly as a result of perceived inequity in the implementations of the public sector wage reforms.
NILAI PENDIDIKAN DALAM TALAALA DUSUN TINDAL
Authors: Kiting Rosliah , Kinsom Jemir , Benedick Ewon 
Published: November 2021

Dusun Tindal merupakan etnik majoriti yang menduduki daerah Kota Belud, Sabah. Etnik ini terkenal dengan puisi yang disebut talaala. Puisi ini menyerupai pantun masyarakat Melayu sebagai khazanah sejak dahulukala. Sehingga kini, puisi talaala masih disebarkan secara lisan dan kajian tentangnya masih terbatas. Kajian awal terhadap puisi ini memaparkan nilai-nilai murni, iaitu persamaan dengan puisi Hsi Shing dalam masyarakat Cina atau Leka Main dalam masyarakat Iban yang kaya dengan nilai-nilai pendidikan. Justeru, kertas kerja ini akan menganalisis nilai pendidikan yang diterapkan dalam rangkap talaala Dusun Tindal. Data-data kajian diperoleh daripada temu bual dengan informan di lapangan. Analisis kajian mendapati talaala sarat dengan nilai pendidikan, terutamanya dorongan berkelakuan baik, kerajinan, hormat-menghormati dan memupuk kesedaran betapa pentingnya memiliki ilmu demi kelangsungan hidup. Penerapan nilai pendidikan secara tersirat dalam talaala menggambarkan kesantunan berbahasa dalam etnik Dusun Tindal, sekali gus mencerminkan ketinggian peradaban dan martabat mereka. Tradisi lisan talaala perlu dilestarikan demi memastikan nilai-nilai murni diterapkan dalam kalangan generasi muda.

Dusun Tindal is the majority ethnic group in Kota Belud., Sabah. This ethnic group is known for its talaala poetry. The poem resembles cultural traditions as ancient treasures. Hardly, talaala poetry circulated orally and related research is limited. Preliminary studies of this poem feature noble values, notably similarities with Chinese society’s Hsi Shing poetry, or Iban society’s Leka Main rich in educational values. This paper will analyse the value of education in the Dusun Tindal tunnel. Data were obtained from field informant interviews. Analysis showed talaala loaded with the value of education, particularly encouraging good behaviour, diligence, respect and knowledge of the purpose of understanding the nature of life. Implicit application of educational values in talaala reflects language politeness in the Dusun Tindal ethnic group, reflecting the altitude of their civilization and dignity. To ensure pure principles are enforced among the younger generation, talaala’s oral heritage must be preserved.
SISTEM BI’NATTANG ETNIK KIMARAGANG DI SABAH: SATU TINJAUAN SUSUN LAPIS SOSIAL PADA ZAMAN SILAM
Authors: Pangayan Victor B. , Shafii A.S. Hardy 
Published: November 2021

Sistem Bi’nattang merupakan satu sistem sosial etnik Kimaragang. Etnik ini banyak menetap di daerah Kota Marudu dan sebahagian kecil lagi di daerah Pitas. Sistem Bi’nattang telah dipraktikkan oleh etnik Kimaragang pada tahun 1840–1845, iaitu sebelum kedatangan British di Borneo Utara. Kertas kerja ini akan membincangkan bentuk dan struktur sistem Bi’nattang dari segi susun lapis sosial, sistem kepimpinan, sistem kekeluargaan dan hubungan jantina yang diamalkan dalam sistem ini. Sehubungan itu, satu analisis ke atas struktur sistem Bi’nattang dibuat dengan mengupas susun lapis sosial, sistem kepimpinan, sistem kekeluargaan dan hubungan jantina dalam sistem Bi’nattang. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa sistem Bi’nattang terbentuk berdasarkan norma, kepercayaan dan nilai yang diamalkan dalam kehidupan etnik Kimaragang (Bernardi, Gonzales & Requena, 2006). Pada masa kini, sistem Bi’nattang tidak lagi diamalkan oleh etnik Kimaragang namun, sebahagian adat dan undang-undangnya masih diteruskan. Kajian ini penting bagi memahami sistem pentadbiran tradisional etnik Kimaragang iaitu sistem Bi’nattang.

The Bi’nattang System is a Kimaragang ethnic social system. This ethnic largely located in Kota Marudu District and a small part of Pitas District. The Bi’nattang system was practiced by the Kimaragang ethnic groups in 1840–1845, before the advent of the colonial powers in North Borneo. This paper will discuss the shape and structure of the Bi’nattang system in terms of social structure, leadership systems, family systems and gender relations practiced within the system. The results show that the Bi’nattang system is based on the norms, beliefs and values practiced by the Kimaragang ethnic groups in their lives (Bernardi, Gonzales & Requena, 2006). To date, the Bi’nattang system is no longer practiced by the Kimaragang ethnic group, but some of its custom and laws are still practiced. This study is important for understanding the traditional organizational system of the Kimaragang ethnic group, the Bi’nattang system.
PERANAN DALANG DALAM REKABENTUK PENTAS PERSEMBAHAN WAYANG KULIT KELANTAN
Authors: Amirrul Azrul Azizi 
Published: November 2021

Kajian ini akan meninjau peranan dalang wayang kulit Kelantan dalam reka bentuk pentas persembahan. Dalang wayang kulit atau tok dalang merupakan seseorang yang mengemudi persembahan wayang kulit. Beliau memainkan peranan sebagai penulis cerita, pengarah lakonan, pemain watak, pengarah pentas dan sebagainya. Reka bentuk pentas yang sesuai akan membantu dalam keseluruhan persembahan wayang kulit. Wayang kulit Kelantan mengalami perubahan besar yang selari dengan arus pembangunan moden. Perubahan yang dilihat adalah melibatkan reka bentuk pentas panggung dan kesannya kepada persembahan wayang kulit. Kekangan tempat dan ruang dilihat mempengaruhi persembahan dan penonton. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji peranan dalang dalam reka bentuk panggung wayang kulit Kelantan dan kesesuaian dengan era kini. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif yang melibatkan pemerhatian penyelidik dan temu bual dengan beberapa orang dalang wayang kulit Kelantan. Berdasarkan data yang didapati daripada kajian, analisis akan dilakukan dalam menentukan perubahan yang sesuai dan peranan dalang dalam merapatkan jurang perubahan dalam masyarakat. Hasil kajian telah mendapati perubahan ketara yang wujud dalam reka bentuk persembahan wayang kulit Kelantan adalah aspek ruang persembahan akibat daripada penyesuaian peranan dan sikap dengan tuntutan undang-undang, kehendak penganjur, ruang dan keperluan penonton. Perubahan sikap dan amalan dalang pada masa kini adalah satu langkah pemurnian yang amat bijaksana dan rasional bagi memastikan kelangsungan seni wayang kulit Kelantan.
This study will look into the stage design of wayang kulit Kelantan and the dalang’s role on this matter. Tok dalang or the puppeteer plays many roles in wayang kulit Kelantan such as writer, acting director,character actor, stage director and many more. As an important figure that drives the show, tok dalang also can help with the improvement and innovation of wayang kulit Kelantan. Wayang kulit Kelantan has undergone major changes in line with the currentdevelopment and the innovation of stage design is one of them. Space constraints are seen to affect the performance and the the audience. The objective of this study is to study the role of tok dalang in the design aspect of the show that befitting the current era. This study will use qualitative methods which involve observation and interviews with several dalangs in Kelantan. Based on the data obtained,the analysis will be done to determine the stage design that can bridge the gap between the old and the new. From the result, the significant changes in the design came from the legal requirements, the demand fromthe organiser, and the audiences’ space. Changes in attitudes and practices of the dalang especially in innovation can benefit the continuity of the wayang kulit Kelantan.
Escola Técnica de Saúde de Brasília
Authors: Oliveira Nilceu José 
Published: November 2021

A Escola Técnica de Saúde de Brasília (ETESB) fez 60 anos de existência no final de 2020 e, neste caminho, aconteceram eventos marcantes. É objetivo deste texto apresentar os principais fatos ocorridos que constituíram a caminhada da ETESB. Para apresentar a caminhada da ETESB foi elaborada uma Linha do Tempo. A Escola de ensino profissionalizante para formação de recursos humanos para a área de saúde, oferece cursos para a comunidade e atende as demandas da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Distrito Federal. ETESB - um caminho longo percorrido, com numerosas conquistas, com possibilidade de ir além na prestação de serviços em Educação para a Saúde.
Vesícula biliar intra-hepática com abscesso hepático em colecistectomia
Authors: Lima Larissa dos Reis Rodrigues de , Medrei Nimer Ratib 
Published: November 2021

Introdução: A vesícula biliar pode apresentar vários locais de ectopia e sua identificação corresponde a uma alteração anatômica rara.
Objetivo: Apresentar um caso clínico sobre vesícula biliar intra-hepática associado a complicação, uma condição clínica rara, e demonstrar o tratamento utilizado.
Método: estudo descritivo, por meio de relato de caso, de um paciente submetido a colecistectomia em que foi verificado a presença de vesícula biliar intra-hepática associada a abscesso hepático.
Conclusão: O diagnóstico pré-operatório da vesícula biliar ectópica é de extrema importância, devido aos riscos de complicações caso a anomalia seja negligenciada durante a cirurgia. Declaramos que não houve conflito de interesses na concepção deste trabalho.
Modeling SARS-CoV-2 spread with dynamic isolation
Authors: Islam Md. Azmir Ibne , Shanta Sharmin Sultana , Rahman Ashrafur 
Published: November 2021

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is spreading with a greater intensity across the globe. The synchrony of public health interventions and epidemic waves signify the importance of evaluation of the underline interventions.
Method: We developed a mathematical model to present the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 and to analyze the impact of key nonpharmaceutical interventions such as isolation and screening program on the disease outcomes to the people of New Jersey, USA. We introduced a dynamic isolation of susceptible population with a constant (imposed) and infection oriented interventions. Epidemiological and demographic data are used to estimate the model parameters. The baseline case was explored further to showcase several critical and predictive scenarios.
Results and analysis: The model simulations are in good agreement with the infection data for the period of 5 March 2020 to 31 January 2021. Dynamic isolation and screening program are found to be potential measures that can alter the course of epidemic. A 7% increase in isolation rate may result in a 31% reduction of epidemic peak whereas a 3 times increase in screening rate may reduce the epidemic peak by 35%. The model predicts that nearly 9.7% to 12% of the total population of New Jersey may become infected within the middle of July 2021 along with 24.6 to 27.3 thousand cumulative deaths. Within a wide spectrum of probable scenarios, there is a possibility of third wave
Conclusion: Our findings could be informative to the public health community to contain the pandemic in the case of economy reopening under a limited or no vaccine coverage. Additional epidemic waves can be avoided by appropriate screening and isolation plans.
Pengaruh Penambahan Plastik Tipe PET (Polyethylene Terepthalete) Terhadap Campuran Laston AC-WC
Authors: Rahayu Putri , Rifqi Mirza Ghulam , Amin M. Shofi’ul 
Published: November 2021

Untuk mengatasi masalah kerusakan jalan di Indonesia maka perlu dilakukan modifikasi campuran untuk mendapatkan kualitas perkerasan aspal beton yang baik dengan penambahan material. Bahan tambah yang digunakan sebagai aditif untuk meningkatkan kualitas perkerasan jalan adalah PET. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh PET sebagai bahan tambah pada Lapisan Aspal Beton (AC-WC). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode kering (Pedoman Perancangan dan Pelaksanaan Campuran Beraspal Panas Menggunakan Limbah Plastik, 2019).
Hasil dari pengujian marshall didapatkan kadar aspal optimum pada campuran laston AC-WC dengan bahan tambah PET sebesar 5% dengan variasi kadar aspal 6,5%. Stabilitas rata-rata dihasilkan sebesar 2193,3 kg ; flow sebesar 3,90 mm; VIM sebesar 3,7%; VMA sebesar 16,68%; VFA/VFB sebesar 77,9%, dan MQ sebesar 562,4 kg/mm. Berdasarkan referensi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, nilai tersebut telah sesuai dengan hasil penelitian dari referensi tersebut. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa perkerasan aspal dengan menggunakan aditif PET memberikan kinerja dan stabilitas yang lebih baik dibandingkan tanpa PET.
Changes in the plastic strength of the glaze during storage of glazed confectionery
Authors: Кондратьев Николай Борисович , Казанцев Егор Валерьевич , Осипов Максим Владимирович , Калинкина Евгения Станиславовна , Мазукабзова Элла Витальевна 
Published: November 2021

Выявлены закономерности изменения жирнокислотного состава и пластической прочности модельных образцов глазированных конфет в процессе хранения. В ряду орехового сырья миндаль-кешью-фундук-арахис скорость уменьшения пластической прочности глазури конфет с корпусами на основе фундука и арахиса с использованием глазури лауринового типа составила 71-87 г в неделю, что на 30-40 % больше скорости уменьшения пластической прочности глазури конфет с корпусами на основе миндаля и кешью 42-46 г в неделю. Использование глазури с высоким содержанием элаидиновой кислоты позволяет уменьшить скорость изменения пластической прочности глазури на 23-29 %, по сравнению с глазурью на основе жира лауринового типа. Наименьшее изменение пластической прочности поверхности глазированных конфет (2,8 % в неделю) достигнуто для корпусов из пралиновой массы на основе миндаля и глазури, изготовленной на основе жира с высоким содержанием трансизомеризованных ненасыщенных кислот. Предложенный подход можно использовать для количественной оценки и прогнозирования скорости процессов миграции жиров в процессе хранения глазированных кондитерских изделий.
Regularities of changes in fatty acid composition and plastic strength of model samples of glazed sweets during storage have been revealed. In the row of nut raw materials almonds-cashews-hazelnuts-peanuts, the ratio of the rate of decrease in the plastic strength of the glaze of candies with bodies based on hazelnuts and peanuts using lauric-type glaze was 71-87 g per week, which is 30-40% more than the rate of decrease in the plastic strength of the glaze sweets with almond and cashew-based bodies 42-46 g per week. The use of a glaze with a high content of elaidic acid can reduce the rate of change in the plastic strength of the glaze by 23-29 %, as compared to a glaze based on lauric fat. The smallest change in the plastic strength of the surface of glazed sweets (2.8 % per week) was achieved for bodies made of praline mass based on almonds and glaze made on the basis of fat with a high content of trans-isomerized unsaturated acids. The proposed approach can be used to quantify and predict the rate of fat migration processes during storage of glazed confectionery products.
Research of physical and mechanical properties, chemical composition and safety of melon variety «torpedo»
Authors: Изтаев Ауелбек , Искакова Галия Куандыковна , Якияева Мадина Асатуллаевна , Изтаев Бауыржан Ауелбекович , Уйкасова Зайра Сатаевна 
Published: November 2021

Представлены результаты исследований физико-механических свойств, химического состава и показателей безопасности составных частей (мякоть, кожура, семена) дыни сорта «Торпеда». В результате сопоставительного анализа химического состава мякоти, кожуры и семян дыни показано их существенное различие. Так, содержание жира в мякоти составляет 0,26±0,003 г, в кожуре - 1,24±0,01 г, в семенах - 26,21±0,31, содержание белка составляет 7,56±0,11; 9,92±0,14 и 21,52±0,32 г соответственно. Изучение содержания редуцирующих веществ и сырой клетчатки показало их высокое содержание в кожуре по сравнению с мякотью и семенами. Установлено, что высокое содержание калия (934,88±14,02 г) и натрия (270,54±3,78 г) сосредоточены в мякоти, высокое содержание железа (15,12±0,23) - в кожуре, а высокое содержание фосфора (854,72±0,82 г) - в семенах. По результатам исследований доказано, что показатели безопасности дыни сорта «Торпеда» полностью соответствуют требованиям ТР ТС 021/2011.
The results of studies of the physical and mechanical properties, chemical composition and safety indicators of the constituent parts (pulp, peel, seeds) of «Torpedo» melon are presented. As a result of a comparative analysis of the chemical composition of the pulp, peel and seeds of the melon, their significant difference was shown. Thus, the fat content in the pulp is 0.26±0.003 g, in the peel - 1.24±0.01 g, in the seeds - 26.21±0.31, the protein content is, respectively, 7.56±0.11; 9.92±0.14 and 21.52±0.32 g. The study of the content of reducing substances and crude fiber showed their high content in the peel, in comparison with the pulp and seeds. It was found that a high content of potassium (934.88±14.02 g) and sodium (270.54±3.78 g) are concentrated in the pulp, a high content of iron (15.12±0.23) - in the peel, and a high phosphorus content (854.72±0.82 g) - in seeds. According to the research results, it has been proven that the safety indicators of the Torpedo melon fully comply with the requirements of TR CU 021/2011.