bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bright Luminescence in Three Phases—A Combined Synthetic, Spectroscopic and Theoretical Approach
Authors: Dahlen Milena , Hollesen Eike H. , Kehry Max , Gamer Michael T. , Lebedkin Sergei , Schooss Detlef , Kappes Manfred M. , Klopper Wim , Roesky Peter W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCombining phase‐dependent photoluminescence (PL) measurements and quantum chemical calculations is a powerful approach to help understand the influence of the molecular surroundings on the PL properties. Herein, a phosphine functionalized amidinate was used to synthesize a recently presented bimetallic gold complex, featuring an unusual charge separation. The latter was subsequently used as metalloligand to yield heterotetrametallic complexes with an Au‐M‐M‐Au “molecular wire” arrangement (M=Cu, Ag, Au) featuring metallophilic interactions. All compounds show bright phosphorescence in the solid state, also at ambient temperature. The effect of the molecular environment on the PL was studied in detail for these tetrametallic complexes by comparative measurements in solution, in the solid state and in the gas phase and contrasted to time‐dependent density functional theory computations.
Neutrophil‐Selective Fluorescent Probe Development through Metabolism‐Oriented Live‐Cell Distinction
Authors: Gao Min , Lee Sun Hyeok , Park Sang Hyuk , Ciaramicoli Larissa Miasiro , Kwon Haw‐Young , Cho Heewon , Jeong Joseph , Chang Young‐Tae 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHuman neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes and have been considered as the first line of defence in the innate immune system. Selective imaging of live neutrophils will facilitate the in situ study of neutrophils in infection or inflammation events as well as clinical diagnosis. However, small‐molecule‐based probes for the discrimination of live neutrophils among different granulocytes in human blood have yet to be reported. Herein, we report the first fluorescent probe NeutropG for the specific distinction and imaging of active neutrophils. The selective staining mechanism of NeutropG is elucidated as metabolism‐oriented live‐cell distinction (MOLD) through lipid droplet biogenesis with the help of ACSL and DGAT. Finally, NeutropG is applied to accurately quantify neutrophil levels in fresh blood samples by showing a high correlation with the current clinical method.
Catalyst‐Controlled Stereoselective Barton–Kellogg Olefination
Authors: Schmidt Tanno A. , Sparr Christof 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOvercrowded alkenes are expeditiously prepared by the versatile Barton–Kellogg olefination and have remarkable applications as functional molecules owing to their unique stereochemical features. The induced stereodynamics thereby enable the controlled motion of molecular switches and motors, while the high configurational stability prevents undesired isomeric scrambling. Bistricyclic aromatic enes are prototypical overcrowded alkenes with outstanding stereochemical properties, but their stereocontrolled preparation was thus far only feasible in stereospecific reactions and with chiral auxiliaries. Herein we report that direct catalyst control is achieved by a stereoselective Barton–Kellogg olefination with enantio‐ and diastereocontrol for various bistricyclic aromatic enes. Using Rh2(S‐PTAD)4 as catalyst, several diazo compounds were selectively coupled with a thioketone to give one of the four anti‐folded overcrowded alkene stereoisomers upon reduction. Complete stereodivergence was reached by catalyst control in combination with distinct thiirane reductions to provide all four stereoisomers with e.r. values of up to 99:1. We envision that this strategy will enable the synthesis of topologically unique overcrowded alkenes for functional materials, catalysis, energy‐ and electron transfer, and bioactive compounds.
Nucleophilic and Radical Heptafluoroisopropoxylation with Redox‐Active Reagents
Authors: Tong Chao‐Lai , Xu Xiu‐Hua , Qing Feng‐Ling 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe heptafluoroisopropyl group (CF(CF3)2) is prevalent in pharmaceuticals and agrichemicals. However, heptafluoroisopropoxylated (OCF(CF3)2) compounds remain largely underexplored, presumably due to the lack of efficient access to these compounds. Herein, we disclose the practical and efficient heptafluoroisopropoxylation reactions through the invention of a series of redox‐activeN‐OCF(CF3)2reagents. These reagents were readily prepared from the oxidative heptafluoroisopropylation of hydroxylamines with AgCF(CF3)2. The substitutions on the nitrogen atom significantly affected the properties and reactivities ofN‐OCF(CF3)2reagents. Accordingly, two types ofN‐OCF(CF3)2reagents includingN‐OCF(CF3)2phthalimideAandN‐OCF(CF3)2benzotriazolium saltO′were used as OCF(CF3)2anion and radical precursors, respectively. This protocol enables the direct heptafluoroisopropoxylation of a range of substrates, delivering the corresponding products in moderate to excellent yields.
Anatomy of the sense of touch in sea otters: Cutaneous mechanoreceptors and structural features of glabrous skin
Authors: Strobel Sarah McKay , Miller Melissa A. , Murray Michael J. , Reichmuth Colleen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSea otters (Enhydra lutris) demonstrate rapid, accurate tactile abilities using their paws and facial vibrissae. Anatomical investigations of neural organization in the vibrissal bed and somatosensory cortex coincide with measured sensitivity, but no studies describe sensory receptors in the paws or other regions of glabrous (i.e., hairless) skin. In this study, we use histology to assess the presence, density, and distribution of mechanoreceptors in the glabrous skin of sea otters: paws, rhinarium, lips, and flipper digits, and we use scanning electron microscopy to describe skin‐surface texture and its potential effect on the transduction of mechanical stimuli. Our results confirm the presence of Merkel cells and Pacinian corpuscles, but not Meissner corpuscles, in all sea otter glabrous skin. The paws showed the highest density of Merkel cells and Pacinian corpuscles. Within the paw, relative densities of mechanoreceptor types were highest in the distal metacarpal pad and digits, which suggests that the distal paw is a tactile fovea for sea otters. In addition to the highest receptor density, the paw displayed the thickest epidermis. Rete ridges (epidermal projections into the dermis) and dermal papillae (dermal projections into the epidermis) were developed across all glabrous skin. These quantitative and qualitative descriptions of neural organization and physical features, combined with previous behavioral results, contribute to our understanding of how structure relates to function in the tactile modality. Our findings coincide with behavioral observations of sea otters, which use touch to maintain thermoregulatory integrity of their fur, explore objects, and capture visually cryptic prey.
NaRbB3O4F3: A New Fluorooxoborate with a Short UV Cutoff Edge Enriching the Structural Chemistry of Borate
Authors: Zhang Rui , Zhang Jie , Yang Zhihua , Han Shujuan , Pan Shilie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe combination of RbB3O4F2 and NaF generates a new member of fluorooxoborates, NaRbB3O4F3, with a wide transparency range from the IR to DUV region. NaRbB3O4F3 shows a three‐dimensional (3D) structure composed of 1D [B3O4F3]∞ chains, [NaO3F3] and [RbO5F5] polyhedra. The structural evolution from NaRbB3O4F3 to RbB3O4F2, as well as the structural comparison between NaRbB3O4F3 and its identical stoichiometry compound, Li2B3O4F3 were discussed in detail. The IR spectrum verifies its structural validity. The spectral measurement shows that the reflectance has no obvious change in the range of 175–300 nm, and its cutoff edge is below 175 nm. In addition, theoretical calculations are carried out to understand its electronic structure and optical properties.
Vinpocetine amended prenatal valproic acid induced features of ASD possibly by altering markers of neuronal function, inflammation, and oxidative stress
Authors: Luhach Kanishk , Kulkarni Giriraj T. , Singh Vijay P. , Sharma Bhupesh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with complex etiology and phenotypes. Phosphodiesterase‐1 (PDE1) inhibitors are known to provide benefits in various brain conditions manifesting similar behavioral phenotypes. The pharmacological consequences of vinpocetine administration a PDE1 inhibitor in prenatal‐valproic acid (pre‐VPA) induced ASD related behavioral phenotypes (social behavior deficits, repetitive behavior, anxiety, hyperlocomotion, and nociception) was assessed. Also, effects on important biochemical markers of neuronal function (DCX‐neurogenesis, BDNF‐neuronal survival, synapsin‐IIa‐synaptic transmission, pCREB‐neuronal transcription factor), inflammation (interleukin [IL]‐6, IL‐10, and TNF‐α) and oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance [TBARS] and glutathione (GSH) were studied in important brain areas (frontal cortex, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum). Further, neuronal cell viability was determined in dentate gyrus using Nissl staining. Pre‐VPA administration resulted into impaired behavior, brain biochemistry, and neuronal cell viability. Administration of vinpocetine resulted in improvements of pre‐VPA impaired social behavior, repetitive behavior, anxiety, locomotion, and nociception. Also, vinpocetine resulted in a significant increase in the levels of BDNF, synapsin‐IIa, DCX, pCREB/CREB, IL‐10, and GSH along with significant decrease in TNF‐α, IL‐6, TBARS, number of pyknotic and chromatolytic cells in different brain areas of pre‐VPA group. Finally, high association between behavioral parameters and biochemical parameters was observed upon Pearson's correlation analysis. Vinpocetine, a PDE1 inhibitor rectified important behavioral phenotypes related with ASD, possibly by improving neuronal function, brain inflammation and brain oxidative stress. Thus, PDE1 may be a possible target for further understanding ASD.Lay SummaryASD is a brain developmental disorder with a wide array of genetic and environmental factors. Many targets have been identified till date, but a clinical treatment is still afar. The results of this study indicate that vinpocetine administration resulted in amelioration of ASD associated symptomatology in rats, prenatally exposed to VPA. Our research adds a widely expressed brain enzyme PDE1, as a possible novel pharmacological target and opens‐up a new line of enquiry for ASD treatment.
Iron‐Based Layered Cathodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Gao Xu , Liu Huanqing , Deng Wentao , Tian Ye , Zou Guoqiang , Hou Hongshuai , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have grasped renewed attentions in recent years owing to the blooming growth of clean energy and corresponding demands of grid‐scale energy storage. Note that, the properties of cathode materials are quite important to the development of SIBs as they largely determine the energy density, cycle life, and cost of a battery. Direct inheriting those Co/Ni based layered cathodes that are successfully utilized in lithium‐ion batteries seems to be impracticable for SIBs in view of the high materials costs. Fortunately, the discovery of the electrochemical activity of Fe3+/Fe4+ redox couple in sodium layered materials has opened a new way to design high capacity/voltage and low‐cost cathodes for SIBs. To date, various Fe‐based layered oxides have been explored, showing encouraging electrochemical performances in SIBs. However, issues and challenges still remain upon the practical utilization of Fe‐based layered cathodes, calling for further targeted and in‐depth investigations. In this review, the developing history, key problems, and current progress of Fe‐based layered cathodes on electrochemical performances and working mechanism are summarized and discussed. In addition, possible research trends and perspectives are proposed. It is believed that Fe‐based layered oxides will be one of the most attractive cathodes for SIBs.
Synergistic Interface and Mesopore Engineering with More and Quicker Ion Storage for Enhanced Performance of Lithium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Li Juan , Hou Shuang , Liu Tiezhong , Mei Chen , Wang Liangke , Wang Jianing , Zhao Lingzhi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDesigning hetero‐nanostructures is widely recognized as an effective modification strategy to obtain ZnO/Co3O4 anode materials with superior electrochemical properties. However, the lithium‐ion storage behavior of ZnO/Co3O4 has not reached a satisfied performance. Herein, based on our previous DFT results that the interface of ZnO(110)/Co3O4(220) hetero‐nanostructure possesses fast reaction kinetics because of more negative surface adsorption energy and lower diffusion barrier energy of lithium ions, we developed ZnO(110)/Co3O4(220)@C hetero‐nanostructures with both abundant interfaces and uniform mesopores structure derived from 2D MOF precursor. Especially, ZnO/Co3O4@C hybrid materials with ZnO(110)/Co3O4(220) hetero‐nanostructure show strong electronic interactions and the widen distance of the crystal plane at the interface, resulting in stable hetero‐nanostructures with faster ion diffusion channel and more active sites. Moreover, this material possesses uniform mesopores and 2D structure, which enables quicker transport capability and cycling longevity for lithium‐ion storage. Impressively, when ZnO/Co3O4@C was used as anodes in lithium‐ion batteries, the electrodes deliver improved initial specific capacities (1,630.5 and 1,496.9 mAh g−1 at 0.2 and 0.5 A g−1), excellent capacity retention (1,758.3 mAh g−1 after 370 cycles at 0.2 A g−1, and 607.7 mAh g−1 up to 650 cycles at 5 A g−1), and superior rate capacity (937 and 468 mAh g−1 at 1.0 and 5.0 A g−1 after 360 cycles).
Finger tapping to different styles of music and changes in cortical oscillations
Authors: Stegemöller Elizabeth L. , Ferguson Thomas D. , Zaman Andrew , Hibbing Paul , Izbicki Patricia , Krigolson Olave E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMusic has been a therapeutic strategy proposed to improve impaired movement performance, but there remains a lack of understanding of how music impacts motor cortical activity. Thus, the purpose of this study is to use a time–frequency analysis (i.e., wavelet) of electroencephalographic (EEG) data to determine differences in motor and auditory cortical activity when moving to music at two different rates. Twenty healthy young adults tapped their index finger while electroencephalography was collected. There were three conditions (tapping in time with a tone and with two contrasting music styles), and each condition was repeated at two different rates (70 and 140 beats per minute). A time–frequency Morlet wavelet analysis was completed for electrodes of interest over the sensorimotor areas (FC3, FC4, FCz, C3, C4, Cz) and the primary auditory areas (T7, T8). Cluster‐based permutation testing was applied to the electrodes of interest for all conditions. Results showed few differences between cortical oscillations when moving to music versus a tone. However, the two music conditions elicited a variety of distinct responses, particularly at the slower movement rate. These results suggest that music style and movement rate should be considered when designing therapeutic applications that include music to target motor performance.
Women and men of mafia between traditional cultural contexts and new social roles
Authors: Carabellese Felice , Felthous Alan R. , Kennedy Harry G. , Montalbò Domenico , La Tegola Donatell , Coluccia Anna , Ferretti Fabio , Carabellese Fulvio , Catanesi Roberto 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Italian mafia organizations represent a subculture with values, beliefs, and goals that are antithetical to and undermining of the predominant society. The conduct of individual members includes such extreme violence for material gain, it may at least superficially suggest a severe personality disorder. Since the first edition of the DSM and into the 21st century, various terms have been used, sometimes interchangeably, but over time inconsistently, to designate the mentality and practices of mafia members. Only recently has the psychology of mafia members become a focus of serious scientific study. For the first time, investigators for the present study applied instruments, including the PCL‐R, to examine for character psychopathology and specifically degrees of psychopathy in male and female mafia members, 20 female and 21 male members. Results showed some gender difference with the women having a higher score on Factor 1, in contrast to men who showed a lower score. Psychopathy and personality disorder were not found to be associated with membership in the mafia for either gender. Some psychopathic traits and gender differences warrant further research. Meanwhile these findings are consistent with a mentality characterized by beliefs and practices determined by a deviant culture rather than psychopathology.
Combination of body mass index and albumin predicts the survival in metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer patients treated with abiraterone: A post hoc analysis of two randomized trials
Authors: Pan Jian , Wang Jun , Wei Yu , Zhang Tingwei , Zhang Sheng , Ye Dingwei , Zhu Yao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundLow body mass index (BMI) and low serum albumin levels are suggested indicators of malnutrition and are associated with poor outcomes in cancer patients. Decreasing androgen can alter lipid metabolism, so the prognostic value of BMI may change in metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients receiving abiraterone. We aimed to delineate the prognostic value of BMI, serum albumin, and BMI and serum albumin (ALB) combined.Materials and methodsA post hoc analysis was performed on data from two randomized clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of abiraterone in chemotherapy‐pretreated and ‐naïve mCRPC patients. Survival analysis was conducted using Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazard methods.ResultsA total of 2,205 mCRPC patients were included in this study. Low ALB independently predicted the OS in both cohorts (HR, 1.54; 95%CI, 1.34–1.78 and HR, 1.40; 95%CI, 1.21–1.64, respectively), while low BMI independently predicted the OS only in the post‐chemotherapy cohort (HR, 1.30; 95%CI, 1.12–1.50) but not in the pre‐chemotherapy cohort (HR, 1.19; 95%CI, 0.98–1.43). By combining BMI (<25 kg/m2 or ≥30 kg/m2) and ALB (<4 g/dl or >4 g/dl), the four groups were characterized and their HRs were 1, 0.60 (95%CI, 0.47–0.76, p < 0.001), 0.75 (95%CI,0.61–0.92 p = 0.006), and 0.49 (95%CI, 0.41–0.60, p < 0.001) in post‐chemotherapy patients and 1, 0.64 (95%CI, 0.46–0.89, p = 0.008), 0.75 (95%CI,0.58–0.98 p = 0.034), and 0.55 (95%CI, 0.42–0.72, p < 0.001) in chemotherapy‐naïve patients, respectively.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that the combination of BMI and ALB better characterizes the risk groups irrespective of previous chemotherapy. Patients with high BMI but low ALB have higher risk of death than patients with low BMI but high ALB.
Prognostic significance of bladder neck involvement in non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer: A SEER database analysis with 19,919 patients
Authors: Zhan Xiangpeng , Guo Ju , Chen Luyao , Deng Wen , Liu Xiaoqiang , Zhu Ke , Liu Weipeng , Fu Bin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeTo study prognostic values of bladder neck involvement (BNI) and survival outcomes in non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).Method and materialsThe national Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2004–2015) was applied to gain further insight into the prognostic values of BNI and 19,919 patients diagnosed with NMIBC were included in our study. We used the Kaplan–Meier method with the log‐rank test and subgroup analyses to evaluate cancer‐specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). In addition, the multivariable Cox proportional hazard model and propensity score matching (PSM) were utilized.ResultsIn all, 3446 patients with BNI and 16,473 patients with sites except for bladder neck were enrolled in our study. Compared with other sites, a tendency toward a higher proportion of higher grade (p < 0.001), bigger tumor size (p < 0.001), and more patients with T1 and Tis stage (p < 0.001) was seen in BNI group. After 1:1 PSM, 3425 matched pairs were selected. Under the survival analyses, the BNI group had a lower survival probability in both OS (p = 0.0056) and CSS analyses (p < 0.0001) in NMIBC patients. However, in the subgroup analysis, only observed in the Ta and T1 stage in terms of CSS (all p < 0.05), and patients with Tis stage failed to show statistical survival differences (p > 0.05). In addition, subgroups stratified by tumor size and grade all revealed poor prognosis of BNI in NMIBC patients. Moreover, better survival outcomes of OS were observed in BNI patients who received radical cystectomy (p = 0.02) or chemotherapy (p < 0.001) multivariable Cox regression after PSM revealed that the BNI group had a higher risk of overall mortality (OM) (BNI vs. other sites hazards ratios [HR]: 1.127, 95% CI: 1.154–1.437, p < 0.001) and cancer‐specific mortality (CSM) (BNI vs. other sites HR: 1.127, 95% CI: 1.039–1.223, p < 0.001), while before PSM, similar situations were only existed in CSM (BNI vs. other sites HR: 1.288, 95% CI: 1.154–1.437, p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe prognosis of BNI was poorer than that of the other sites. BNI was an independent risk factor for OM and CSM in patients with NMIBC, especially for those with Ta or T1 stage.
A New Monoterpene from the Rhizomes of Alpinia galanga and Its Anti‐Vpr Activity
Authors: Nam Hoang Nhat , Kodama Takeshi , Nwet Win Nwet , Prema  , Minh Do Kiep , Abe Ikuro , Morita Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA new menthane‐type monoterpene, alpigalanol (1), together with four known terpenes (2–5) were isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the 70 % ethanol extract of the Alpinia galanga rhizomes. The structure of 1 was determined by spectroscopic analyses, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR. The extract of the A. galanga rhizomes and all isolated compounds (1–5) possessed Vpr inhibitory activities against the TREx‐HeLa‐Vpr cells at a concentration of 1.25 μM without showing any cytotoxicity.
Utility of near‐infrared spectroscopy to detect the extent of lipid core plaque leading to periprocedural myocardial infarction
Authors: Matsuoka Takaaki , Kitahara Hideki , Saito Kan , Mori Naoto , Tateishi Kazuya , Fujimoto Yoshihide , Kobayashi Yoshio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate whether lipid core plaque (LCP) in the entire stented segment detected by near‐infrared spectroscopy‐intravascular ultrasound (NIRS‐IVUS) could predict procedural myocardial infarction (PMI) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary artery intervention (PCI).BackgroundNIRS‐IVUS can identify LCP, described as high lipid core burden index (LCBI). Previously, the highest LCBI contained only in the 4‐mm segment (maxLCBI4mm) was reported to predict PMI.MethodsPatients who underwent NIRS‐IVUS examination during PCI for coronary artery disease at Chiba University Hospital were included. The extent of LCP in the stented segment derived from NIRS‐IVUS analysis was presented as LCBI, maxLCBI4mm, and LCP area index (LAI), reflecting the total amount of LCP in the entire stented segment calculated as LCBI×lesion length. PMI was defined as an elevation of creatine kinase MB > 3 times upper reference level (URL), and periprocedural myocardial injury (PMInj) was defined as an elevation of troponin I>5 times URL within 12 to 24 h after PCI.ResultsOut of 141 enrolled patients, PMI occurred in 20 (14.2%) and PMInj occurred in 62 (44.0%) patients. Receiver‐operating characteristic curve analysis revealed LAI was the strongest predictor for both PMI and PMInj (area under curve 0.771, p < 0.001, and 0.717, p < 0.001, respectively). Multiple logistic regression analysis determined high LAI value as the independent predictor of both PMI and PMInj.ConclusionsGreater extent of LCP in the entire stented segment detected by NIRS‐IVUS was significantly associated with PMI as well as PMInj in patients undergoing PCI.