bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Site‐specific nitrogen balances based on spatially variable soil and plant properties
Authors: Mittermayer Martin , Gilg August , Maidl Franz-Xaver , Nätscher Ludwig , Hülsbergen Kurt-Jürgen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, site-specific N balances were calculated for a 13.1 ha heterogeneous field. Yields and N uptake as input data for N balances were determined with data from a combine harvester, reflectance measurements from satellites and tractor-mounted sensors. The correlations between the measured grain yields and yields determined by digital methods were moderate. The calculated values for the N surpluses had a wide range within the field. Nitrogen surpluses were calculated from − 76.4 to 91.3 kg ha−1, with a mean of 24.0 kg ha−1. The use of different data sources and data collection methods had an impact on the results of N balancing. The results show the need for further optimization and improvement in the accuracy of digital methods. The factors influencing N uptake and N surplus were determined by analysing soil properties of georeferenced soil samples. Soil properties showed considerable spatial variation within the field. Soil organic carbon correlated very strongly with total nitrogen content (r = 0.97), moderately with N uptake (sensor, r = 0.60) and negatively with N surplus (satellite, r = − 0.46; sensor, r = − 0.56; harvester, r = − 0.60). Nitrate content was analysed in soil cores (0 to 9 m) taken in different yield zones, and compared with the calculated N surplus; there was a strong correlation between the measured nitrate content and calculated N surplus (r = 0.82). Site-specific N balancing can contribute to a more precise identification of the risk of nitrate losses and the development of targeted nitrate reduction strategies.
Development of screening questions for doctor–patient consultation assessing the quality of life and psychosocial burden of glioma patients: an explorative study
Authors: Voß Hannah , Scholz-Kreisel Peter , Richter Christoph , Ringel Florian , Singer Susanne , Renovanz Mirjam 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposePsychosocial screening for glioma patients is challenging because many patients suffer from neurocognitive deficits, which may impair assessment. This study’s aim was to exploratively develop three screening questions for unmet needs to prospectively be applicable in patient–doctor consultation.MethodsPatient interviews, a survey for health-care professionals and a weighted scoring procedure were developed for this study. Six main areas were defined according to main areas of validated questionnaires (psyche, cognition, body, role functioning, social support, unmet needs). Patients and health-care professionals rated the importance of these areas and corresponding items, patients additionally stated whether the issues addressed affected them.ResultsA total of 50 patients were included, and 36 health-care professionals participated in the online survey. The three areas (psyche, body and cognition) considered to be most relevant by both, health-care professionals and patients, generated three screening questions. If the patient was affected by the issue addressed with a screening question, a subordinate question from that area that our patient sample considered most important could additionally be asked. The elaborated screening questions are the following: (1) main area psyche: “Has your mood worsened?”, (2) main area body: “Do physical changes put a strain on you?”, and (3) main area cognition: “Has your memory capacity worsened?”ConclusionThese questions represent a basis for further research regarding their application in neuro-oncological clinical routine.
Development of Thermal Spray Processes for Depositing Coatings on Thermoplastics
Authors: Bobzin Kirsten , Wietheger Wolfgang , Knoch Martin Andreas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThermoplastics combine high freedom of design with economical mass production. Metallic coatings on thermoplastics enable power and signal transmission, shield sensitive parts inside of housings and can reduce the temperature in critical areas by functioning as a heat sink. The most used technical thermoplastics are polyamides (PA), while the described use cases are often realized using Cu. Consequently, several studies tried to apply copper coatings on PA substrates via thermal spraying; so far, this combination is only feasible using an interlayer. In this study, a new approach to metallize thermoplastics via thermal spraying based on validated state-of-the-art predictions of the thermoplastics’ material response at relevant temperatures and strain rates is presented. Using these predictions, high velocity wire-arc spraying was selected as coating process. Furthermore, the process parameters were adapted to realize a continuous coating while also roughening the substrate during coating deposition. The resulting Cu coating on PA6 had a sufficiently high coating adhesion for post-treatment by grinding. The adhesion is achieved by in situ roughening during the coating application. The results indicate that different process parameters for initial layer deposition and further coating buildup are required due to the low thermal stability of PA6.
Predictive and prognostic value of total tumor load in sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant treatment using one-step nucleic acid amplification: the NEOVATTL study
Authors: Vieites B. , López-García M. Á. , Martín-Salvago M. D. , Ramirez-Tortosa C.L. , Rezola R. , Sancho M. , López-Vilaró L. , Villardell F. , Burgués O. , Fernández-Rodriguez B. , Alfaro L. , Peg V. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the predictive and prognostic value of total tumor load (TTL) in sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in patients with infiltrating breast cancer after neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST).

Methods
This retrospective multicenter study used data from a Spanish Sentinel Lymph Node database. Patients underwent intraoperative SLN biopsy after NST. TTL was determined from whole nodes using a one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) assay and defined as the total sum of CK19 mRNA copies in all positive SLNs. Cox-regression models identified independent predictive variables, which were incorporated into a nomogram to predict axillary non-SLN metastasis, and identified prognostic variables for incorporation into a disease-free survival (DFS) prognostic score.

Results
A total of 314 patients were included; most had no lymph node involvement prior to NST (cN0; 75.0% of patients). Most received chemotherapy with or without biologic therapy (91.7%), and 81 patients had a pathologic complete response. TTL was predictive of non-SLN involvement (area under the concentration curve = 0.87), and at a cut-off of 15,000 copies/µL had a negative predictive value of 90.5%. Nomogram parameters included log (TTL + 1), maximum tumor diameter and study-defined NST response. TTL was prognostic of disease recurrence and DFS at a cut-off of 25,000 copies/µL. After a 5-year follow-up, DFS was higher in patients with ≤ 25,000 copies/µL than those with > 25,000 (89.9% vs. 70.0%; p = 0.0017).

Conclusions
TTL > 15,000 mRNA copies/µL was predictive of non-SLN involvement and TTL > 25,000 mRNA copies/µL was associated with a higher risk of disease recurrence in breast cancer patients who had received NST.
The Reception of Petrarch’s Africa in Fascist Italy
Authors: Agbamu Samuel Asad Abijuwa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn his 1877 Storia della letteratura (History of Literature), Luigi Settembrini wrote that Petrarch’s fourteenth-century poem, the Africa, ‘is forgotten …; very few have read it, and it was judged—I don’t know when and by whom—a paltry thing’. Yet, just four decades later, the early Renaissance poet’s epic of the Second Punic War, written in Latin hexameters, was being promoted as the national poem of Italy by eminent classical scholar, Nicola Festa, who published the only critical edition of the epic in 1926. This article uncovers the hitherto untold story of the revival of Petrarch’s poetic retelling of Scipio’s defeat of Hannibal in Fascist Italy, and its role in promoting ideas of nation and empire during the Fascist period in Italy. After briefly outlining the Africa’s increasing popularity in the nineteenth century, I consider some key publications that contributed to the revival of the poem under Fascism. I proceed chronologically to show how the Africa was shaped into a poem of the Italian nation, and later, after Italy’s invasion of Ethiopia, of Italy’s new Roman Empire. I suggest that the contestations over the significance of the Africa during the Fascist period, over whether it was a national poem of Roman revival or a poem of the universal ideal of empire, demonstrate more profound tensions in how Italian Fascism saw itself.
Elder abuse in Europe’s “most elderly” city: an update of the phenomenon based on the cases reported to the Penal Court of Genoa from 2015 to 2019 and literature review
Authors: Drommi Martina , Ponte Alessandra , Ventura Francesco , Molinelli Andrea 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Elder abuse is currently a worldwide problem. The literature reports that one elderly person out of six is a potential victim.

Aims
To analyse cases reported to the judicial authorities in the territory of Genoa in the period 2010–2019, to investigate the features of elder abuse, to assess the trend of this phenomenon and to propose preventive strategies.

Methods
We analysed the data on reports of abuse passed by the Court of Genoa in the period 2015–2019 concerning physical and mental maltreatment, abandonment and financial exploitation of elderly subjects. These data were compared with those recorded in the previous 5-year period and in the literature.

Results
In the period 2015–2019, 156 cases of elder abuse were identified (versus 63 in the previous period): 18 cases of domestic violence, 5 cases of abuse of the means of correction, 18 cases of caregiver neglect, 76 cases of physical injury and 39 cases of financial exploitation.

Discussion
Abuse was seen to be perpetrated most frequently in the domestic setting and by the victims' relatives. The main risk factors were female gender and the victim’s dependence on others, the maltreating subject’s mental illness and substance abuse.

Conclusions
We documented a progressive increase in the number of abuses reported to the judicial authority; this reflects greater awareness of the problem. However, our figures remained well below the incidence estimated in the literature. It is necessary to train healthcare personnel to identify and manage cases of suspected abuse, and to provide adequate support in situations at risk.
A distributed geospatial approach to describe community characteristics for multisite studies
Authors: Ryan Patrick H. , Brokamp Cole , Blossom Jeff , Lothrop Nathan , Miller Rachel L. , Beamer Paloma I. , Visness Cynthia M. , Zanobetti Antonella , Andrews Howard , Bacharier Leonard B. , Hartert Tina , Johnson Christine C. , Ownby Dennis , Lemanske Robert F. , Gibson Heike , Requia Weeberb , Coull Brent , Zoratti Edward M. , Wright Anne L. , Martinez Fernando D. , Seroogy Christine M. , Gern James E. , Gold Diane R. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Understanding place-based contributors to health requires geographically and culturally diverse study populations, but sharing location data is a significant challenge to multisite studies. Here, we describe a standardized and reproducible method to perform geospatial analyses for multisite studies. Using census tract-level information, we created software for geocoding and geospatial data linkage that was distributed to a consortium of birth cohorts located throughout the USA. Individual sites performed geospatial linkages and returned tract-level information for 8810 children to a central site for analyses. Our generalizable approach demonstrates the feasibility of geospatial analyses across study sites to promote collaborative translational research.
Singing at Langemarck in the German Political Imaginary, 1914–1932
Authors: Painter Karen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article reconstructs the history of the famous anecdote about the battle at Langemarck, where German youth allegedly sang “Deutschland, Deutschland über alles” as they hurled themselves against British soldiers, bayonet in hand. Variants, including in poetry and other creative genres, helped to shape a public discourse about bravery. I also reconstruct the discourse on music and war in music journals and daily newspapers, suggesting possible influences on the German High Command, where the anecdote originated. The musical establishment initially ignored this lore—so remote was music in the concert hall from community music-making, including on the battlefield. Yet the enormous weight given to propaganda efforts eventually led musicians to write about and respond compositionally to the Deutschlandlied. The article concludes by examining the conflicting political meanings of the Langemarck anecdote in the decades after World War I.
Macrornis tanaupus Seeley, 1866: an enigmatic giant bird from the upper Eocene of England
Authors: Buffetaut Eric , Angst Delphine 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA large bone from the upper Eocene Totland Bay Formation of Hordle Cliff (Hampshire), originally described by Seeley (1866) as Macrornis tanaupus and interpreted by him as belonging to a ‘large Struthious bird’, is redescribed and illustrated for the first time. It is not a reptile bone, as previously suggested, but the proximal part of a left avian tibiotarsus. A mass estimate of 43 kg, comparable to that of an emu, suggests that it was flightless. A precise identification is difficult because of the incompleteness of the specimen, and Macrornis tanaupus should probably be considered as a nomen dubium. We exclude Seeley’s interpretation as a ratite, as well as previous attributions to gastornithids. We tentatively suggest that the specimen may belong to a phorusrhacid, which would extend the stratigraphic record of this group in Europe by a few million years. The presence of a large terrestrial bird in the upper Eocene of Europe may have a bearing on the interpretation of enigmatic footprints of very large birds from the upper Eocene Paris gypsum.
First 1000 days: New Zealand Mothers’ perceptions of early life nutrition resources
Authors: Hildreth Jillian Rae , Vickers Mark H. , Wall Clare R. , Bay Jacquie L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractResearch into associations between early life nutritional exposures and vulnerability to adult non-communicable disease (NCD) highlights the importance of maternal diet. A booklet outlining evidence-based dietary guidelines for the first 1000 days of life was first published in 2016 by early life nutrition experts for distribution to pregnant women in Australia and New Zealand. First-time New Zealand mothers’ (n=9) perceptions of the booklet and its relevance for the future health of their child were explored via semi-structured focus groups and interviews. Recruitment took place via social media channels and antenatal classes around Auckland. Three major themes were identified using thematic analysis: 1. A difference in the ways mothers related to the booklet depending on their apparent level of health literacy and communication preferences; 2. A tendency for women to outsource decision-making to nutrition ‘rules’, rather than interpreting information to suit personal circumstances; 3. Intense pressure to comply, resulting in feelings of shame or guilt when the ‘rules’ were not followed. In this study, first-time mums expressed feeling under pressure to ‘get it right’ and identified a desire for more support from healthcare providers and society. Nutrition education is essential; however, a booklet should provide a starting point for conversation rather than a stand-alone list of recommendations. Further exploration is needed to develop a resource that can be used by health professionals working alongside women and their partners to support healthy child development.
Role Salience and the Growth Intention of Women Entrepreneurs: Does Work-life Balance Make a Difference?
Authors: Neneh Brownhilder Ngek 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWork and family are two of the most competing and salient roles in the life of every individual. As such, individuals often make behavioral decisions based on the relative salience (work or family) they attach to these life roles. Given that growth intention is a vital behavioral choice in the life of an entrepreneur, this study examined how role salience influences the growth intentions of women entrepreneurs. Moreover, for most women entrepreneurs, their family domain is highly entwined with the business domain, and as such, having an adequate work-life balance is often a vital personal goal. Thus, this study also examined the influence of work-life balance on the growth intentions of the women entrepreneurs as well as its moderating effect of on the relationship between role salience and growth intentions. Based on self-reported data from women entrepreneurs (N= 300), the findings of this study using logistic regression analysis revealed that both work role salience (b= .88,p< .001) and work-life balance (b= .73,p< .001) have a positive effect on the growth intentions of women entrepreneurs. Additionally, work-life balance also moderated the relationship between work role salience and growth intention such that the positive association is strengthened at high levels of work-life balance (b= .90,p< .001). The study culminates with a discussion of the implications and suggestions for future research.
Greenhouse Gas and Ice Volume Drive Pleistocene Indian Summer Monsoon Precipitation Isotope Variability
Authors: McGrath Sarah M. , Clemens Steven C. , Huang Yongsong , Yamamoto Masanobu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOrbital‐scale Indian Summer Monsoon variability is often interpreted as a direct response to northern hemisphere summer insolation. Here we present a continuous (0–640 kyr) orbital scale precipitation isotope (δDprecip) record using leaf wax δD from the core monsoon zone of India. The δDprecip record is quantitatively coherent with, and δDprecip minima in phase with, greenhouses gas maxima, and ice volume minima across all orbital bands. The δDprecip record is also coherent and in phase with the two existing orbital‐scale Indian speleothem δ18O records, demonstrating a consistent regional response among independent proxies. These findings preclude interpretation of Indian precipitation isotope records as a direct response to northern hemisphere summer insolation. Rather, they dominantly reflect changes in moisture source and transport paths associated with changes in greenhouse gases and ice volume. The orbital‐scale precipitation isotope responses of the Indian and East Asian monsoon systems are uncoupled and are driven by different forcings.
Optical whispering-gallery mode barcodes for high-precision and wide-range temperature measurements
Authors: Liao Jie , Yang Lan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTemperature is one of the most fundamental physical properties to characterize various physical, chemical, and biological processes. Even a slight change in temperature could have an impact on the status or dynamics of a system. Thus, there is a great need for high-precision and large-dynamic-range temperature measurements. Conventional temperature sensors encounter difficulties in high-precision thermal sensing on the submicron scale. Recently, optical whispering-gallery mode (WGM) sensors have shown promise for many sensing applications, such as thermal sensing, magnetic detection, and biosensing. However, despite their superior sensitivity, the conventional sensing method for WGM resonators relies on tracking the changes in a single mode, which limits the dynamic range constrained by the laser source that has to be fine-tuned in a timely manner to follow the selected mode during the measurement. Moreover, we cannot derive the actual temperature from the spectrum directly but rather derive a relative temperature change. Here, we demonstrate an optical WGM barcode technique involving simultaneous monitoring of the patterns of multiple modes that can provide a direct temperature readout from the spectrum. The measurement relies on the patterns of multiple modes in the WGM spectrum instead of the changes of a particular mode. It can provide us with more information than the single-mode spectrum, such as the precise measurement of actual temperatures. Leveraging the high sensitivity of WGMs and eliminating the need to monitor particular modes, this work lays the foundation for developing a high-performance temperature sensor with not only superior sensitivity but also a broad dynamic range.
Integrity of the uncinate fasciculus is associated with the onset of bipolar disorder: a 6-year followed-up study
Authors: Li Xiaoyue , Lu Weicong , Zhang Ruoxi , Zou Wenjin , Gao Yanling , Chen Kun , Yau Suk-Yu , Shao Robin , McIntyre Roger S. , Xu Guiyun , So Kwok-Fai , Lin Kangguang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPatients with Bipolar Disorder (BD) are associated with aberrant uncinate fasciculus (UF) that connects amygdala-ventral prefrontal cortex (vPFC) system, but the casual relationship is still uncertain. The research aimed to investigate the integrity of UF among offspring of patients with BD and investigate its potential causal association with subsequent declaration of BD. The fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) of UF were compared in asymptomatic offspring (AO, n = 46) and symptomatic offspring (SO, n = 45) with a parent with BD, and age-matched healthy controls (HCs, n = 35). Logistic regressions were performed to assess the predictive effect of UF integrity on the onset of BD. The three groups did not differ at baseline in terms of FA and MD of the UF. Nine out of 45 SO developed BD over a follow-up period of 6 years, and the right UF FA predicted the onset of BD (p = 0.038, OR = 0.212, 95% CI = 0.049–0.917). The ROC curve revealed that the right UF FA predicted BD onset (area-under-curve = 0.859) with sensitivity of 88.9% and specificity of 77.3%. The complementary whole-brain tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) showed that widespread increases of FA were found in the SO group compared with HCs, but were not associated with the onset of BD. Our data provide evidence supporting the causal relationship between the white matter structural integrity of the amygdala-vPFC system and the onset of BD in genetically at-risk offspring of BD patients.
Neonatal cortical astrocytes possess intrinsic potential in neuronal conversion in defined media
Authors: Zeng Peng , Hua Qiu-hong , Gong Jun-yuan , Shi Chang-jie , Pi Xiao-ping , Xie Xin , Zhang Ru 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAstrocytes are multifunctional brain cells responsible for maintaining the health and function of the central nervous system. Accumulating evidence suggests that astrocytes might be complementary source across different brain regions to supply new neurons during adult neurogenesis. In this study, we found that neonatal mouse cortical astrocytes can be directly converted into neurons when exposed to neurogenic differentiation culture conditions, with insulin being the most critical component. Detailed comparison studies between mouse cortical astrocytes and neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) demonstrated the converted neuronal cells originate indeed from the astrocytes rather than NPCs. The neurons derived from mouse cortical astrocytes display typical neuronal morphologies, express neuronal markers and possess typical neuronal electrophysiological properties. More importantly, these neurons can survive and mature in the mouse brain in vivo. Finally, by comparing astrocytes from different brain regions, we found that only cortical astrocytes but not astrocytes from other brain regions such as hippocampus and cerebellum can be converted into neurons under the current condition. Altogether, our findings suggest that neonatal astrocytes from certain brain regions possess intrinsic potential to differentiate/transdifferentiate into neurons which may have clinical relevance in the future.