bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and comparison of missed nursing care in the United States of America and South Korea
Authors: Lee Eunjoo , Kalisch Beatrice J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesThis study aimed to identify and compare missed nursing care types and reasons between South Korea and the United States of America.BackgroundPatient safety has become a significant task of the healthcare delivery systems worldwide. The omission of nursing care constitutes a growing concern because it threatens both patient safety and nursing care quality.DesignThis study used a cross‐sectional, descriptive and comparative design.MethodsData were collected from registered nurses working in two university‐affiliated tertiary hospitals and a general hospital in Korea and a Midwest United States tertiary hospital. In addition, the STROBE checklist was used in this study.ResultsWhile substantial, the level of missed nursing care reported by Korean nurses was lower than that of United States nurses. Only three nursing care activities, setting up meals, patient assessment and skin/wound care, did not significantly differed between two countries. More basic nursing care types such as ambulation, feeding and mouth care were missed more than others in both countries. The reasons for missed care differed between two countries. However, both Korean and US nurses reported labour resource problems as reasons for missed care.ConclusionsAlthough the types of missed nursing care differed significantly between countries, both Korean and US nurses reported labour resource problems for the top reasons for missed care. Thus, comparing missed nursing care could assist nursing administrators in developing strategies to improve care quality and patient safety.Relevance to clinical practiceThe level and reasons for missed nursing care are very influential factors for patient outcomes and patient safety. Appropriate skill mix and staffing are needed to decrease extent of missed care, so that enhancing patient safety and quality of nursing care.
Is nursing and midwifery clinical documentation a burden? An empirical study of perception versus reality
Authors: Cooper Alannah L. , Brown Janie A. , Eccles Siobhan P. , Cooper Narelle , Albrecht Matthew A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo measure time spent on clinical documentation and nurses and midwives’ perceptions of this aspect of their role.BackgroundNurses and midwives rely on accurate documentation when planning care. However, documenting and communicating care can be onerous, time‐consuming and at times duplicated or redundant. While documentation provides a record and means of communicating care, it should not detract from the delivery of care.DesignAn observational time and motion study and survey design reported using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines.MethodsThe study was conducted with Western Australian nurses and midwives working in a private not‐for‐profit hospital from July–October 2019. An observational study was undertaken to measure the practice of documentation on each shift. Participants’ perceptions of clinical documentation were measured using a self‐report survey.ResultsA total of 120 hr of observation were undertaken. Total observed time spent on documentation was 28.1% on morning shifts, 22.7% on afternoon shifts and 20.9% on night duty. The mean self‐reported time for clinical documentation was 50.4% on morning shifts, 40.7% on afternoon shifts and 37.9% on night duty. Issues with duplication and unnecessary paperwork were identified.ConclusionsAlthough participants tended to overestimate time spent on documentation, it still consumed a significant proportion of time. Frustrations with paperwork may amplify nurses' negative perceptions of documentation. Clinical documentation needs to be reviewed, revised and reduced to release time back to direct patient care and reduce clinician dissatisfaction.Relevance to clinical practiceClinical documentation is required in all areas of clinical practice and forms an important legal record. Understanding the demands of clinical documentation can assist in reviewing and improving documentation to release time back to direct patient care.
Severe coronavirus disease pneumonia in a pregnant woman at 25 weeks' gestation: A case report
Authors: Waratani Miyoko , Ito Fumitake , Tanaka Yukiko , Mabuchi Aki , Mori Taisuke , Kitawaki Jo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThere are numerous reports on the effects of the coronavirus disease on mothers and fetuses during pregnancy. It is currently unknown whether pregnancy is associated with a high risk of severe coronavirus disease. We report a pregnant patient with coronavirus disease who underwent a cesarean section. A pregnant 39‐year‐old Japanese woman was diagnosed with coronavirus disease at 25 weeks of gestation. Her breathing condition worsened daily, and she required oxygen administration. On day 6 of her 26th week of gestation, she developed severe pneumonia and required tracheal intubation and artificial ventilation, and an emergency cesarean section was performed under general anesthesia. It is necessary to investigate the risk of increased coronavirus disease severity during pregnancy, the effects of coronavirus disease on perinatal prognosis, and the management of pregnancy with coronavirus disease.
Identification of critical miRNAs and mRNAs associated with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Diao Xinghua , Yao Lijuan , Wang Yanlin , Zhang Xianghui , Sun Hongliang , Lao Kaixue , Ma He 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complicated endocrine and metabolic abnormality diseases common in women of child‐bearing age. This study aims to screen out critical miRNAs and mRNAs associated with PCOS, which may be conducive to offer novel insights and treatment for the diseases.MethodsThree mRNA datasets and one miRNA dataset derived from granulosa cells of patients with PCOS and normal controls were downloaded to obtain the differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and miRNAs (DEmiRNAs). Then, DEmiRNA‐target DEmRNAs analysis and functional annotation of DEmiRNA‐target DEmRNAs were performed. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) validation of the expression of the selected DEmRNAs and DEmiRNAs were performed.ResultsA total of 1643 DEmRNAs, 88 DEmiRNAs, 2406 DEmiRNA (down)‐DEmRNA (up), and 2179 DEmiRNA (up)‐DEmRNA (down) pairs were obtained. The functional annotation of DEmiRNA‐target DEmRNAs revealed that C‐type lectin receptor signaling pathway, Steroid biosynthesis and Galactose metabolism were significantly enriched KEGG pathways.ConclusionThese findings may provide make contribution to understanding PCOS pathogenesis, diagnosis, or treatment.
Long‐term corticosteroid use, adrenal insufficiency and the need for steroid‐sparing treatment in adult severe asthma
Authors: Gurnell M. , Heaney L. G. , Price D. , Menzies‐Gow A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSecondary adrenal insufficiency (AI) occurs as the result of any process that disrupts normal hypothalamic and/or anterior pituitary function and causes a decrease in the secretion of steroid hormones from the adrenal cortex. The most common cause of secondary AI is exogenous corticosteroid therapy administered at supraphysiologic dosages for ≥ 1 month. AI caused by oral corticosteroids (OCS) is not well‐recognized or commonly diagnosed but is often associated with reduced well‐being and can be life‐threatening in the event of an adrenal crisis. Corticosteroid use is common in respiratory diseases, and asthma is a representative condition that illustrates the potential challenges and opportunities related to corticosteroid‐sparing therapies. For individuals with severe asthma (approximately 5%–10% of all cases), reduction or elimination of maintenance OCS without loss of control can now be accomplished with biologic therapies targeting inflammatory mediators. However, the optimal strategy to ensure early identification and treatment of AI and safe OCS withdrawal in routine clinical practice remains to be defined. Many studies with biologics have involved short evaluation periods and small sample sizes; in addition, cautious approaches to OCS tapering in studies with a placebo arm, coupled with inconsistent monitoring for AI, have contributed to the lack of clarity. If the goal is to greatly reduce and, where possible, eliminate long‐term OCS use in severe asthma through the increasing adoption of biologic treatments, there is an urgent need for clinical trials that address both the speed of OCS withdrawal and how to monitor for AI.
The impact of universal hepatitis B vaccine on the trend of liver cancer from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Authors: Li Chenxi , He Wen‐Qiang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsThis study aims to assess the trend of hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐attributable liver cancer as well as the impact of HBV vaccine on it.MethodsWe retrieved data from Global Burden Disease study to estimate trends of HBV‐attributable liver cancer by region and age from 1990 to 2017 and HBV vaccine data from World Health Organization to assess its impact on these trends for children (0‐14 years), adolescents and young adults (15‐29 years). Change of cancer cases, age‐standardized incidence rate (ASR) and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) were used to quantify the trends of HBV‐attributable liver cancer.ResultsIn this study, reduction in HBV‐attributable cancer incident cases was found among children (from 2080 to 1430), adolescents and young adults (from 10 890 to 9090). In terms of ASR, overall reduction was observed globally by an average of −0.45% (95% CI: −0.62 to −0.29) per year in the same period. The highest reduction in ASR was found in adolescents and young adults with EAPC of −3.02 (95% CI: −3.57 to −2.46). Although the ASR has decreased from all the five regions with universal HBV immunization programme, it has increased in the region without universal vaccination and the highest increase was found among children with EAPC of 1.97 (95% CI: 1.71‐2.23).ConclusionSignificant reduction in HBV‐attributable liver cancer among children was mainly because of the universal HBV vaccination. However, the increasing trend of HBV‐attributable liver cancer in region without universal HBV vaccination suggested the necessity of introducing universal immunization.
The genetic architecture of target‐site resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in the African malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii
Authors: Clarkson Chris S. , Miles Alistair , Harding Nicholas J. , O’Reilly Andrias O. , Weetman David , Kwiatkowski Dominic , Donnelly Martin J. ,   The Anopheles gambiae 1000 Genomes Consortium
Published: February 2021

AbstractResistance to pyrethroid insecticides is a major concern for malaria vector control. Pyrethroids target the voltage‐gated sodium channel (VGSC), an essential component of the mosquito nervous system. Substitutions in the amino acid sequence can induce a resistance phenotype. We use whole‐genome sequence data from phase 2 of the Anopheles gambiae 1000 Genomes Project (Ag1000G) to provide a comprehensive account of genetic variation in the Vgsc gene across 13 African countries. In addition to known resistance alleles, we describe 20 other non‐synonymous nucleotide substitutions at appreciable population frequency and map these variants onto a protein model to investigate the likelihood of pyrethroid resistance phenotypes. Thirteen of these novel alleles were found to occur almost exclusively on haplotypes carrying the known L995F kdr (knock‐down resistance) allele and may enhance or compensate for the L995F resistance genotype. A novel mutation I1527T, adjacent to a predicted pyrethroid‐binding site, was found in tight linkage with V402L substitutions, similar to allele combinations associated with resistance in other insect species. We also analysed genetic backgrounds carrying resistance alleles, to determine which alleles have experienced recent positive selection, and describe ten distinct haplotype groups carrying known kdr alleles. Five of these groups are observed in more than one country, in one case separated by over 3000 km, providing new information about the potential for the geographical spread of resistance. Our results demonstrate that the molecular basis of target‐site pyrethroid resistance in malaria vectors is more complex than previously appreciated, and provide a foundation for the development of new genetic tools for insecticide resistance management.
The effects of weather variability on patterns of genetic diversity in Tasmanian bettongs
Authors: Proft Kirstin M. , Bateman Brooke L. , Johnson Christopher N. , Jones Menna E. , Pauza Matthew , Burridge Christopher P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWhile the effects of climate (long‐term, prevailing weather) on species abundance, range and genetic diversity have been widely studied, short‐term, localized variations in atmospheric conditions (i.e., weather) can also rapidly alter species’ geographical ranges and population sizes, but little is known about how they affect genetic diversity. We investigated the relationship between weather and range‐wide genetic diversity in a marsupial, Bettongia gaimardi, using dynamic species distribution models (SDMs). Genetic diversity was lower in parts of the range where the weather‐based SDM predicted high variability in probability of B. gaimardi occurrence during 1950–2009. This is probably an effect of lower population sizes and extinction–recolonization cycles in places with highly variable weather. Spatial variation in genetic diversity was also better predicted by mean probabilities of B. gaimardi occurrence from weather‐ than climate‐based SDMs. Our results illustrate the importance of weather in driving population dynamics and species distributions on decadal timescales and thereby in affecting genetic diversity. Modelling the links between changing weather patterns, species distributions and genetic diversity will allow researchers to better forecast biological impacts of climate change.
Orofacial features in children with microcephaly associated with Zika virus: A scoping review
Authors: da Silva Sobrinho Adriano Referino , Ramos Letícia Francine Silva , Maciel Ytalo Lourenço , Maurício Herika de Arruda , Cartaxo Renata de Oliveira , Ferreira Stefânia Jeronimo , Sette‐de‐Souza Pedro Henrique 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze published scientific evidence about the most common orofacial disorders in children with microcephaly associated with ZIKV infection.MethodsThrough a scoping review, we respond to the search question was formulated: "What are the orofacial alterations in children with microcephaly associated with ZIKV?" It was performed a search in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Health Virtual Library. It was selected papers wrote in English, Portuguese, or Spanish. An evidence quality analysis was performed using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality classification.ResultsIt was included 11 studies performed in the Brazilian Northeast region. The studies were carried out between 2018 and 2020. The main related alterations were delay in the tooth‐eruption and deformation in the oral structures.ConclusionThe results observed in our work show moderate scientific evidence regarding the association of ZIKV with orofacial alterations in children with microcephaly due to the classifications of the quality of evidence of each one of the included studies. The main changes reported were in the chronology of tooth eruption, alteration in teeth, and oral structures.
FCN1 polymorphisms are not the markers of dental caries susceptibility in Polish children: A case‐control study
Authors: Olszowski Tomasz , Milona Marta , Janiszewska‐Olszowska Joanna , Safranow Krzysztof , Uzar Izabela , Walczak Alicja , Sikora Maciej , Chlubek Dariusz , Adler Grażyna 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association of four FCN1 SNPs: −542G>A (rs10120023), −144C>A (rs10117466), +6658C>T (rs148649884), and +7895A>G (rs150625869) with dental caries in Polish children.Subjects and MethodsThe study group consisted of 261 15‐year‐old Polish teenagers: 82 children with “higher” caries experience (having Decayed Missing Filled Teeth, DMFT >5) and 179 children with “lower” caries experience (having DMFT ≤5). Moreover, in additional comparison, a group of 229 children with caries experience (DMFT ≥1) was compared to a caries‐free (DMFT =0) group of 32 children. Extraction of genomic DNA was performed from buccal swabs, and genotyping was performed by Real‐Time PCR.ResultsFCN1 SNPs +6658C>T and +7895A>G appeared to be monomorphic in our sample. The genotype, allele, or haplotype distributions in FCN1 SNPs −542G>A and −144C>A in children with “higher” caries experience did not differ significantly from those in “lower” caries experience group. Similar results with no significant differences were demonstrated for subjects with DMFT ≥1 compared to subjects with DMFT =0.ConclusionFCN1 SNPs are not the markers of dental caries susceptibility in Polish children.
A novel highly bio‐available itraconazole formulation (SUBA®‐Itraconazole) for anti‐fungal prophylaxis in lung transplant recipients
Authors: Whitmore Timothy James , Yaw Meow , Lavender Melanie , Musk Michael , Boan Peter , Wrobel Jeremy 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundAntifungal prophylaxis remains a mainstay of lung transplantation, given invasive fungal infection is a common and serious complication after lung transplantation. Choice of systemic agent to prevent invasive fungal infection varies between centers and funding of agents remains challenging. Our center has recently changed from posaconazole to a highly bioavailable formulation of itraconazole (SUBA®‐itraconazole) at substantially reduced cost, but safety and toxicity require further assessment. A retrospective study of lung transplant patients receiving systemic antifungal prophylaxis from December 2016 through December 2019 following change from posaconazole to itraconazole as standard practice. 150 patients with lung transplants were managed in this time period, with 88 (59%) receiving at least 1 mold‐active triazole during the study period. 48 (58%) of these patients received SUBA®‐itraconazole; 68 (82%) received posaconazole and 10 (12%) received voriconazole. The average cost per patient during the study period was significantly lower on SUBA®‐itraconazole (mean $1548/patient/6 month course) than posaconazole (mean $16 921.35/patient/6 month course). Target trough concentrations for prophylaxis of itraconazole > 0.5 mg/L and posaconazole > 0.7 mg/L were achieved on empiric dosing in 49% and 68% respectively. Overall trough itraconazole (0.50 vs 1.12 mg/L, P < .001) and posaconazole (1.37 vs 2.10 mg/L P < .001) concentrations were significantly lower in patients with cystic fibrosis. Calcineurin inhibitor dose changes on introduction or cessation were similar for SUBA®‐itraconazole and posaconazole. Breakthrough invasive fungal infection and toxicity were rare. SUBA®‐itraconazole is well‐tolerated, associated with rare breakthrough invasive fungal infection, and lower cost. Prospective studies following general introduction are required to determine long‐term safety, tolerability, and efficacy.
The effect of exports on labour share: A semiparametric approach using Chinese manufacturing panel data
Authors: Tian Jinjing , Wang Taining , Hall Joshua 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe distinguish the effects of export on labour share into a stand‐alone direct effect and indirect effects, which alter the marginal impact of three key determinants of labour share found in the literature. While the direct effect of export has been extensively studied, the potential indirect effects remain unexplored. We investigate both effects of exports using micro‐level Chinese firm‐level data from 1998 to 2007. We employ a fixed‐effect varying coefficient model to reveal the potential nonlinearity of the effects of exports while alleviating the risk of model mis‐specification. Our model is estimated by a spline‐backfitted kernel estimator, which is more efficient and computationally attractive than alternative estimators. We find that while exports directly increase labour share as expected, it declines labour share indirectly through intensifying the negative marginal impact of firms’ capital intensity, monopoly power and capital‐augmented technological progress on labour share. As a result, the net effect of exports is not beneficial to labour's share of income and varies in magnitude across firm characteristics, regions and time periods.
Sensitivity Coefficient-Based Inverse Heat Conduction Method for Identifying Hot Spots in Electronics Packages: A Comparison of Grid-Refinement Methods
Authors: Krane Patrick , Gonzalez Cuadrado David , Lozano Francisco , Paniagua Guillermo , Marconnet Amy 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEstimating the distribution and magnitude of heat generation within electronics packages is pivotal for thermal packaging design and active thermal management systems. Inverse heat conduction methods can provide estimates using measured temperature profiles acquired using infrared imaging or discrete temperature sensors. However, if the heater locations are unknown, applying a fine grid of potential heater locations across the surface where heat generation is expected can result in prohibitively large computation times. In contrast, using a more computationally efficient coarse grid can reduce the accuracy of heat flux estimations. This paper evaluates two methods for reducing computation time using a sensitivity-coefficient method for solving the inverse heat conduction problem (IHCP). One strategy uses a coarse grid that is refined near the hot spots, while the other uses a fine grid but only considers heater locations near the hot spots. These methods are compared using input temperature maps acquired from a “numerical experiment,” where the outputs of a three-dimensional (3D) steady-state thermal model in FloTHERM are used for input temperatures, and temperature maps procured using infrared microscopy on a real electronics package, using sensitivity coefficients calculated with the FloTHERM model. Compared to the coarse-grid method, the fine-grid method is found to reduce computation time without significantly reducing accuracy, making it more convenient for designing and testing electronics packages. It also avoids the problem of “false hot spots” that occurs with the coarse-grid method. Overall, this approach provides a mechanism to predict hot spot locations during design and testing and a tool for active thermal management.