bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monilia polystroma (asiatic brown rot).
Authors:   USA, USDA-ARS
Published: May 2021

Abstract

M. polystroma is the conidial form of an unknown apothecial ascomycete closely related to Monilinia fructigena, from which it has so far been distinguished by molecular means. Although M. fructigena and the other brown-rot species, M. fructicola and M. laxa, are known on various continents, M. polystroma was identified in Japan and initially known only in that country. Recent published reports placed it in Hungary and China as well. This species may be widely distributed in Asia and perhaps Europe. In the absence of natural barriers, it will spread by means of airborne conidia. Long distance dispersal would most likely occur through infected planting stock or fruit. Therefore, M. polystroma is a regulated pest for Canada. Monilinia fructigena is a regulated pest for the USA.
Botryosphaeria berengeriana f. sp. pyricola (Physalospora canker).
Authors:   USA, USDA-ARS
Published: May 2021

Abstract

B. berengeriana f.sp. pyricola is an ascomycete causing leaf spots, warty growths on stems, and "ring rot" of pear [Pyrus] and apple [Malus] fruits in eastern Asia. Morphologically, it is very similar to the "white rot" pathogen of pome fruit, Botryosphaeria dothidea, and the species B. berengeriana itself has been synonymized with that more widespread species, but the production of some different symptoms by the Asian fungus warns of a physiological difference that is not understood or defined and that could still constitute a threat in pome fruit-growing areas where white rot already occurs. No assay, other than by the inoculation of trees, exists to distinguish the fungus easily and quickly from closely-related Botryosphaeria pathogens that might also be carried in fruit or in fruit tree propagating material.
Puccinia pittieriana (common rust of potato).
Authors:   USA, USDA-ARS
Published: May 2021

Abstract

P. pittieriana is a microcyclic rust fungus occurring on potato [Solanum tuberosum], tomato [Solanum lycopersicum] and wild species of Solanum in South and Central America and is an EPPO A1 quarantine organism for Europe (EPPO, 1988). Probably capable of causing disease on potatoes in cool, moist regions of the temperate and tropical zones, this fungus can be transported in fresh or dried plant material or crop debris in soil. As the basidiospores are short-lived and not produced in large numbers, the fungus is not spread far by natural agents such as the wind.
Patient Perspectives of Barriers to Naloxone Obtainment and Use in a Primary Care, Underserved Setting: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Ko Jennifer , Chan Emily , Doroudgar Shadi 
Published: May 2021

Background Gaps in naloxone obtainment and use are not well studied, particularly among minoritized groups. Objective To describe patient perspectives that serve as barriers to naloxone obtainment and the number of patients who obtained naloxone in a primarily African American population in a primary care, underserved setting. Methods This qualitative study conducted semi-structured interviews and included 36 adults who were prescribed naloxone at a federally qualified health center using convenience sampling. Participants answered survey questions describing naloxone acceptability, perceived risk for overdose, and barriers to naloxone use. Results Sixty-nine percent of the patients were Black or African American. The majority of patients attempted to fill their naloxone at a local pharmacy (69%) and reported no difficulties (88%). Five major themes revealed: overall positive views of naloxone because it saves lives; existing knowledge gaps related to indications for naloxone prescription; stigma surrounding receiving a naloxone prescription; inadequacies of the patient education provided; and the role providers play in naloxone receptivity Conclusions Among a majority African American population, many perceived naloxone to be lifesaving. However, stigmatizing perceptions and inability to recall patient education contribute to a perception of low overdose risk. Further research describing the impact of the opioid epidemic on underrepresented groups is necessary.
High‐intensity exergaming for improved cardiorespiratory fitness: A randomised, controlled trial
Authors: Berg Jonathan , Haugen Guri , Wang Alf Inge , Moholdt Trine 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTExergaming has been proposed as a promising alternative to traditional endurance training since many experience exergaming as more enjoyable. Therefore, the aim of this trial was to determine the exergaming‐induced effect on cardiorespiratory fitness. This parallel‐group randomised controlled trial, investigated the effects of regular exergaming among healthy adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who were not endurance‐trained. Participants allocated to the exergaming group (n = 13) used the Playpulse exergaming platform for a minimum of 45 min twice weekly for eight weeks, whereas the control group (n = 17) received no intervention. The primary outcome measure was the between‐group difference in peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) after the intervention. V̇O2peak increased significantly from baseline (43.9 [SD 7.0]) to after the intervention (45.3 [SD 8.2] mL kg−1 min−1) in the exergaming group, compared to the control group (42.4 [SD 7.0] to 42.0 [SD 5.7] mL·kg−1·min−1) with a between‐group difference of 2.1 mL kg−1 min−1 (95% CI: 0.2–4.1; p = 0.04). The average score on the Feeling Scale reported during exergaming was 3.4 (95% CI 3.2–3.6), with 3 being “good” and 5 “very good” and was not related to the participants’ exergaming skills. There were no adverse events during this trial. Two weekly sessions using the Playpulse exergaming platform can improve V̇O2peak. This finding suggests that exergaming can be an efficient form of endurance training. Furthermore, our findings indicate that participants’ enjoyed exergaming irrespective of exergaming skills.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04112329.
More than a gut feeling: What is the role of the gastrointestinal tract in female athlete health?
Authors: Pugh Jamie N. , Lydon Katherine M. , O'Donovan Ciara M. , O'Sullivan Orla , Madigan Sharon M. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTAs with much of science, the female athlete is under researched, particularly in the area of gastrointestinal (GI) physiology. Gut function is of pivotal importance to athletes in that it supports digestion and absorption of nutrients, as well as providing a barrier between the external environment and the circulation. While sex‐derived differences in GI structure and function have been well characterised at rest, there remains a paucity of data examining this during exercise. The wider impact of the GI system has begun to be realised and it is now widely acknowledged to play a role in more systemic bodily systems. In the current review, we discuss localised issues including the GI structure, function, and microbiome of male and females. We also discuss GI‐related symptoms experienced by athletes, highlight the differences in incidence between males and females, and discuss contributing factors. We then move beyond the gut to discuss wider biological processes that have been shown to have both sex‐related differences and that are impacted by the GI system. Some of these areas include immune function and risk of illness, sleep, hormones, bone health and the gut–brain–axis. The magnitude of such effects and relationships is currently unknown but there is enough mechanistic data for future studies to consider a more central role that the gastrointestinal tract may play in overall female athlete health.

Highlights
There are both clear similarities and differences in male‐female gastrointestinal structure and function.
Females typically reported a greater prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms at rest, in particular during menstruation, but not during exercise.
The links between female microbiome, oestrogen, and systemic physiological and biological processes are yet to be fully elucidated.
Many of the male‐female differences seen (e.g. in immune function) may be, at least in part, influenced by such GI related differences.
Acute exercise increases BDNF serum levels in patients with Parkinson's disease regardless of depression or fatigue
Authors: Azevedo Lílian Viana dos Santos , Pereira Jéssica Ramos , Silva Santos Renata Maria , Rocha Natalia Pessoa , Teixeira Antônio Lúcio , Christo Paulo Pereira , Santos Victor Rodrigues , Scalzo Paula Luciana 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTStudies have consistently reported a decreased level of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). The benefits of exercise on BDNF levels are well‐documented in humans, however, the effects of acute exercise are inconclusive in neurological disorders. In addition, there are no studies investigating a precursor molecule – proBDNF – and its comparison to patients with vs. without depression or fatigue. Thirty patients with PD were instructed to walk on a treadmill at light to moderate intensity for 30 min. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) showed a significant effect of time (pre‐ vs. post‐exercise) when compared individuals with vs. without depression [Wald Chi Square (4.392), p = 0.036)] and with vs. without fatigue [Wald Chi Square (7.123), p = 0.008)] for mature BDNF (mBDNF) level. There was no effect of group, time, and group x time interaction for proBDNF level when compared individuals with vs. without depression or fatigue. The present study showed that a single bout of light to moderate‐intensity exercise increases mBDNF serum levels in patients with PD regardless of depression and fatigue. Our finding is important because it is necessary investigate methods to enhance the gains made by rehabilitation, especially when considering a short period of rehabilitation in different health services. The increase in mBDNF level can lead to an enhancement of neuroplasticity and facilitate the improvement of motor performance. No effect on proBDNF level could be explained, as this precursor molecule is cleaved by intracellular or extracellular enzymes.
A tunable single-frequency green laser based on a wedged Nd:YVO4 crystal and a KTP crystal
Authors: Gao Z H , Zhang W X , Yan B X , Kong X X , Zhao Y S , Wu Z , Guo X L , Feng Q B 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A 532 nm single-frequency laser generated from a V-type oscillator configuration with a wedged Nd:YVO4 crystal and a KTP crystal is reported. An a-cut, 2.at% Nd:YVO4 crystal with a wedge angle of 10° and a KTP nonlinear crystal composes a novel birefringent filter. By adjusting the incident angle of the fundamental mode in the KTP, the laser can change from single-mode operation to two-mode oscillation. The maximum single-frequency output power of lasers with a 5 mm long KTP and a 7 mm long KTP are 284 and 148 mW, respectively, at pump powers of 2 and 1.1 W. The corresponding optical-to-optical conversion efficiencies are 14.2% and 13.5%. For the laser configuration with a 5 mm long KTP, the single-frequency operation at a pump power of 2 W is maintained within the temperature range of 18 °C to 24 °C, and the measured wavelength drift rate with the temperature is approximately 0.071 nm °C−1.
Modeling of stem taper evolution using stochastic differential equations
Authors: Rupšys Petras 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Stochastic differential equations (SDEs) were developed at the beginning of the twentieth century to quantify all aspects of stochastic processes. This study focusses to evaluate the applicability and efficiency of the SDEs for modeling tree diameter over bark at any particular height and total stem volume for birch tree species in the boreal forests of Lithuania. Newly developed models of the stem taper development are based on well-defined diffusion processes, such as the symmetric Vasicek type diffusion process, and asymmetric geometric type diffusion process. The stem taper models with the fixed- and mixed-effect parameters are examined. The fixed- and mixed-effect parameters of the SDEs stem are evaluated using maximum likelihood procedure. Results are illustrated using birch trees longitudinal measurements. These models are compared with traditionally used regression type stem taper models using statistical measures and residual analysis. Overall, the best goodness-of-fit statistics for tree diameter and volume predictions produced the SDEs stem taper models. All results are implemented in the Maple software.
Effect of time delay on the generation of oscillation in a single degree-of-freedom mass-spring-damper system by nonlinear velocity feedback
Authors: Kumar Gautam , Malas Anindya 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The present paper investigates the effect of time delay in a particular type of single degree-of-freedom self-excited oscillator. The self-excited vibration is generated in the system by using linear velocity feedback (to destabilize the static equilibrium of the system) with a nonlinear Rayleigh type feedback (to limit the growth of the instability into a stable limit cycle). The general method of describing function is employed to study the dynamics with the presence of time delay. Also, the analytical results are verified with the simulation result. Without time delay, the control law can generate a stable limit cycle with the proper choice of control parameters. However, the presence of time delay introduces a globally unstable limit cycle in the system with a stable one. Though the amplitude of the stable limit cycle dies down with the increase of time delay and finally vanishes by stabilizing the static equilibrium of the system. The effect of control parameters is also studied.
A Note on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Almost Topological Group
Authors: Basumatary B. , Wary N. , Kumar Neeraj 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Intuitionistic fuzzy set is very important topic for study as it open door to many applications of Science and Technology. Intuitionistic fuzzy set is developed to express uncertain, imprecise, incomplete and inconsistent information. Intuitionistic fuzzy set is expressed to handle uncertainty by using truth membership function and falsity membership function. In various practical problems intuitionistic fuzzy set shows more rational results. Intuitionistic fuzzy set shows inconsistent information and can deal with real-life problem. By observing these we are forwarded to do our work in almost topological group on the basis of Intuitionistic fuzzy set. Since the concept of almost topological group is very new by observing this, in this paper we introduce the notion of intuitionistic fuzzy almost topological group. We have defined some new concepts and investigated properties of intuitionistic fuzzy almost topological group.
Study of the Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Response of Nano-Films of ZnO to Ammonia Gas Sensor
Authors: Salih Maan Abd-Alameer , Shinen Mohammed Hadi , Kareem Q. S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractZinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were prepared by sol-gel method and deposited on the substrates (glass gliders and platinum electrodes) by a rotation coating at 2000 rpm. The coated substrate was calcined at 500, 550 and 600 ° C 1hour: The films were determined by XRD and UV, where the results showed their compatibility with the global measurements, and through the results of the test of sensitivity to the membranes of the stomach, we obtained that the film is heat at a temperature of 550 high sensitivity, depending on the surface area of the surface. The Zno thin films were exposed to NH3gas with a different concentration of 50 ppm–4000 ppm and the resulting resistance transient was recorded at different operating temperatures (500,550, 600 ) °C.
Structural and dynamic properties of lithium silicate liquid: A view from molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Quynh Truong Duc , Dung Tran Thanh , Dung Mai Van , Yen Nguyen Van , Vinh Le The 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this work, we have investigated the liquid lithium silicate by the method of molecular dynamics simulation (MD) using the Born-Mayer pairwise potentials under compression. The simulations have been carried out by systems including various pressure values from 5 to 30 GPa. The microstructure of lithium silicate was clarified through the thorough analysis of short-range order (SRO) and intermediate range order (IRO). The short-range order was investigated through factors such as pair radial distribution functions (PRDFs), coordination distributions, angular distributions. The results show that the structure of the system has a transformation from low-coordination to high-coordination under the influence of compression. Besides, the analysis of intermediate range order shows that the structure network in model consists of SiOx and LiOx units connected to others via an Oxygen atom. In the case for the intermediate range order, the fraction of OTy bond calculated under compression shows that their bonding angle and bond length are very little dependent on the pressure changes. Furthermore, the dynamics of liquid lithium silicates calculated through the diffusion coefficients of the atoms shows that there is a dependence of atomic mobility on pressure. The obtained results of simulations are in good agreement with previous experimental and simulated data.
Experimental Investigation and Theoretical Modelling of P20 Steel by using CNC End Milling Machining Process
Authors: Bhise Vishal Yashwant , Jogi Bhagwan F 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In current scenario the sustainability principles has to be adopted to tackle the challenges facing in the various industrial sectors. As the machining processes consumes natural resources to a great extent, it has become mandatory for manufacturers to go for sustainable management practices. The sustainability in manufacturing processes can be achieved by integrating all small factors and thus achieving sustainable machining conditions. Machining plays a vital role in the industrial economy and it contributes more than 5% to the country’s economy. The machining processes have gone through significant changes in the last decades. Competition has increased drastically to gain more profit. Machining processes are been widely used and attempts have been made to minimize the machining cost and the energy consumption. The machining parameters like speed, feed, depth of cut and the coolants used play an important role in machining economy. Main focus in this work is to enhance the surface integrity and the tool life by utilizing least resources and to reduce the energy consumption. P20 steel have wide application in the moulds for plastic injection cavities and tooling. Also, it is used in the die casting of dies for zinc. Thus, the surface roughness plays an important role in the machining of the P20 steel. In this paper, the experiments have carried out on P20 steel on CNC milling process by adopting Taguchi Analysis to optimize surface roughness and tool life. Besides, analysis of cutting forces by using fuzzy logic is studied to evaluate the energy consumption.
Object Detection using Deep Learning: A Review
Authors: Anushka  , Arya Chandrakala , Tripathi Amrendra , Singh Prabhishek , Diwakar Manoj , Sharma Kanika , Pandey Happy 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Accomplished and accurate object detection has been an important topic in the progress of computer vision systems. With the arrival of deep learning techniques, the purity for object detection has increased drastically. The paper aims to inclusive state of the art technique for the object detection with the goal of obtain high accuracy with a real time performance. A major challenge in many of the object detection system is the docility on other computer vision techniques for helping the deep learning-based perspective, which leads to slow and minimal performance. In this paper, I use a completely deep learning-based approach to solve the problems of object detection in an end to end fashion using wireless sensor network. Even if, many techniques have been developed, but I have discussed some famous and basic idea of object detection using deep learning. In the end i have also given their general applications and results.
Strategies to Enhance Solar Energy Utility in Agricultural Area of Rajasthan State, India
Authors: Kumar Sujit , Vyas Shripati , Tirole Ritesh , Vyas Megha , Sharma Sasanka Sekhor , Rao Srawan Singh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Energy plays an important role in the monetary and social expansion of any country. However, there used to be a general deficiency of rural energy development policies that focuses on agriculture. Agriculture has a dual role, i.e. it acts as an energy user in crops as well as an energy supplier in solar electricity generation. Rajasthan, the largest state of India, is blessed with the highest solar insolation. However, solar energy has not been fulfilled yet, predominantly in the field of the agricultural sector, where irrigation is still being done by outdated conventional methods. This paper focuses on the development of strategies to enhance solar energy use in the agriculture sector of Rajasthan state India. An intensive survey was being conducted among scientists, academicians, farmers, and government officials regarding the know-how of present policies and schemes for the different applications of solar energy in Rajasthan state India. The survey reveals that not only the farmers and rural persons but the intellectual world is also unaware of the different policies of solar program prevailing in the state. Based on the survey, various strategies have been suggested to accelerate the solar program among the rural and agriculture sectors of Rajasthan state India.
Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer in Electric Vehicles
Authors: Kumar Sujit , Paliwal Himani , Vyas Shripati , Sekhor Sasanka , Dave Vikramaditya , Rao Srawan Singh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
An Electrical vehicle can utilize a force move framework to charge the on-board Rechargeable Energy Storage System (RESS the battery) or to give the capacity to the electric engine. It is additionally conceivable to utilize remote force move to charge the batteries while fixed, using charging pads. Both of these arrangements are satisfactory for assessing at home or in-vehicle parking, yet at the same time, require the vehicle to stop in a proper area to charge the battery. We propose an eco-friendly wireless charging system for electric vehicles, which enables wireless charging of the vehicle while running on the highways. The proposed approach is also used for the charging of cars in the shopping malls and other parking places. Moreover, the proposed charging system may require electrical energy from the solar PV systems and wind turbines, installed along the highways. The solar PV system and wind turbines are connected to form a Microgrid system and feed generated electrical energy to the wireless charging system. The surplus electrical energy may be either fed back to the primary grid or used for highway illumination. The wireless charging system also consists of an air-core transformer with its primary winding below the highway surface and secondary mounted on the vehicle. The ac power from secondary passes through a rectifier and dc-dc conversion stage to produce suitable dc voltage and current for the charging of the battery unit.