bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
USE OF ULTRASOUND FOR EXTRACTION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES FROM TAMARIX HISPI-DA WILLD.
Authors: Zhumagaliyeva Shynar Nurlanovna , Amanzholkyzy Arailym , Sultanova Nurgul Adaybaevna , Abilov Zharylkasyn Abduakhitovich 
Published: October 2021

The extractions of biologically active substances from aerial part of Tamarix hispida Willd. over ultrasound have been studied. The results showed that the output of extractive substances using ultrasound was increased to 37.34% under the following conditions: 10% ethyl alcohol in a raw-extractant ratio (1 : 6) for 25 minutes at a 20–25 °С temperature and an ultrasound frequency of 35 kHz. The extraction was compared with maceration by yield and chemical composition. As a result of optimization, the output of components from the raw material is increased by 3–4 times at ultrasound frequency from 20 to 35 kHz and extraction time is significantly reduced from 48 hours to 30 minutes. It was found that the major substances were hydrolyzable tannins, the content of which are 10% (ultrasonic extraction) and 8% (maceration), respectively. Using UV-spectrometry, it was confirmed that the appearance of a characteristic maximum in the spectrum of the substance to be analyzed corresponds to the area of absorption of gallic acid and its derivatives, which indicates the content of these in the structure of hydrolyzable tannins. The substance shown significant antidiabetic activity (in vitro) at IC 50 = 3.94±0.14 μg/ml.
STUDY OF THE ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF WATER EXTRACTS SIBERIAN CONIFERS
Authors: Ivanova Ol'ga Valer'yevna , Lyubimova Yuliya Germanovna , Tereshchenko Vera Aleksandrovna , Ivanov Evgeniy Anatol'yevich 
Published: October 2021

In Siberia, when harvesting commercial coniferous wood and pine nuts, a large amount of waste remains in the form of needles and shells. These organic residues that require recycling may be of interest as raw materials for the production of feed additives in animal husbandry, so it is important to study their chemical composition. The study of the elemental composition of water extracts of pine nut shells and pine needles prepared under different conditions: whole and crushed shells – at an extraction temperature of 25 and 100 °С and duration of infusion 5 and 24 hours; pine needles – at an extraction temperature of 100 °С and duration of infusion 5 and 24 hours. The elemental composition was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. As a result of research, it was found that the most effective extraction of elements in the infusions of the studied raw materials was observed at a water temperature of 100 °С and duration of infusion 24 hours. At the same time, crushing the pine nut shell allowed to increase the degree of extraction of elements. It was found that extracts of pine nut shell from macronutrients contained the most K, Cl, Mg, P, from microelements – Zn, Mn and Fe; extracts of pine needles from macronutrients contained more K, Mg, Cl, from microelements – Mn, Zn and Fe. The highest absorption capacity was found in samples of crushed pine nut shells.
STUDY OF CARBOHYDRATE COMPOSITION OF BLUE BLUE (POLEMONIUM CAERULEUM L.)
Authors: Gudkova Alevtina Alekseyevna , Shestakova Galina Yur'yevna , Slivkin Aleksey Ivanovich , Chistyakova Anna Sergeyevna , Agafonov Vladimir Aleksandrovich , Chavro Polina Vital'yevna 
Published: October 2021

Polemonium coeruleum (Greek valerian) is a very promising plant for study. Despite the data available in the literature concerning the analysis of the main group of compounds of Greek valerian (triterpene saponins), the remaining groups of the metabolome were practically not affected for study. The aim of the study was to study the carbohydrates of grass and rhizomes with Greek valerians roots. The objects of the study were a sample of grass and rhizomes with Greek valerian roots. The content of the sum of polysaccharides and free sugars in terms of glucose was determined in accordance with the corresponding pharmacopoeial articles of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation XIV ed.
The profile and quantitative content of simple reducing sugars was studied by capillary electrophoresis. This work was the first to study the sum of free polysaccharides and simple sugars in grass and rhizomes with Greek valerian roots in comparison with the use of modern physicochemical methods. It was revealed that the content of the sum of free polysaccharides and the sum of simple sugars in terms of glucose in the aboveground part of Greek valerian is higher than in the underground one. It was shown that the composition of free simple sugars between plant organs is different and is represented by fructose and sucrose.
INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS ON THE ACCUMULATION OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY METABOLITES BY LICHENS FLAVOCETRARIA CUCULLATA AND CETRARIA LAEVIGATA
Authors: Prokopiev Il'ya Andreyevich , Sleptsov Igor Vitalievich , Poryadina Lena Nikolayevna 
Published: October 2021

The study of the effect of temperature on the accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites by lichens Flavocetraria cucullata (Bellardi) Kärnefelt & Thell and Cetraria laevigata Rass was carried out. Lichen samples were taken out from under the snow (-20 °C) together with the soil substrate and transferred to the climatic chamber. Then the temperature in the climatic chamber was sequentially increased to +10 and +20 °C. The lichen exposure was carried out for 30 days for each temperature regime. The analysis of primary metabolites was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. It was shown that in lichens F. cucullata and C. laevigata at temperatures of +10 and +20 °C, an increase in the content of mannitol, ribitol, sucrose, and hydroxyproline was observed, as well as a decrease in the content of unsaturated fatty acids as compared to the initial samples. At the same time, the content of glycerol and arabitol in the thalli of the initial lichens (-20 °C) was higher than after exposure at +10 and +20 °C, which, apparently, is associated with the cryoprotective properties of these compounds. The content of secondary metabolites in lichens was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. It was shown that the content of usnic, allo-protolichesterinic, and protolichesterinic acids in F. cucullata increased after exposure in a climatic chamber, which may be associated with a general activation of metabolic processes with an increase in temperature. At the same time, the content of fumarprotocetraric acid in C. laevigata lichens decreased at temperatures of +10 and +20 °C compared to the initial samples, which may be associated with its protective properties under the action of low-temperature stress.
QUALITY INDICATORS OF THE NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF LEYMUS CHINENSIS (TRIN.) TZVEL. EASTERN TRANSBAIKALIA
Authors: Boloneva Lyudmila Nikolayevna , Badmaeva Natal'ya Karlovna , Lavrentieva Irina Nikolayevna , Merkusheva Mariya Grigor'yevna 
Published: October 2021

The biochemical and mineral composition, nutritional and energy value of Leymus chinensis in the steppe zone of Eastern Transbaikalia, growing in different soil and ecological conditions, due to the lack of data on these indicators, has been studied. For the first time, the content in dry matter of Leymus chinensis crude protein, sugars, crude fat, crude fiber, nitrogen-free extractive substances, feed units and metabolic energy and its mineral composition was studied. The dependence of the accumulation of nutrients on soil-ecological conditions, the duration of the growing season and the phase of plant development, the adaptive adaptation of this species to prolonged aridization, which causes its vegetative reproduction due to a decrease in generative reproduction, has been established. The protein ratio as an indicator of feed digestibility is characterized as broad (1 : 9.9–15). The amount of digestible nutrients varied in a very narrow range (592.5–602.2), as well as the energy content (10937.6–11116.6 kJ) and metabolizable energy in the food (9187.6–9337.9 kJ), which is associated with a short vegetation period of L. chinensis development in the sharply continental climate of the steppe zone of Eastern Transbaikalia. A specific feature of the mineral composition of this cereal was the high amount of S, as well as the K: Na ratio (7–38) at the norm of 3–5.
Pengaruh Imbuhan Tepung Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam.) pada Pakan terhadap Bobot Beberapa Organ Dalam dan Lemak Abdominal Itik Pengging (Anas platyrhyncos)
Authors: Windoro Dara Puspita Jati , Kasiyati Kasiyati , Djaelani Muhammad Anwar , Sunarno Sunarno 
Published: October 2021

Daun kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam.) mengandung antioksidan, vitamin C, vitamin A, kalsium, protein, dan berbagai macam asam amino. Semua kandungan nutrien tersebut berperan penting dalam menunjang produktivitas itik pengging, baik daging maupun organ dalam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh imbuhan tepung daun kelor pada pakan terhadap bobot organ dalam dan lemak abdominal itik pengging. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas 5 perlakuan dengan 3 kali ulangan, yaitu kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan pakan basal yang diberi suplemen tepung daun kelor 2,5; 5; 7,5 dan 10%. Pemberian pakan dan minum dilakukan secara ad libitum. Data dianalisis dengan pola distribusi normal dan homogenitas data, kemudian untuk mengetahui perbedaan antarkelompok, data dianalisis dengan ANOVA-satu arah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa imbuhan suplemen tepung daun kelor pada pakan itik pengging tidak berpengaruh signifikan (P>0,05) terhadap bobot jantung, limpa, lambung, dan lemak abdominal itik pengging. Kesimpulan dari penelitin ini adalah imbuhan tepung daun kelor pada pakan tidak meningkatkan bobot jantung, limpa, dan lambung, serta tidak menurunkan lemak abdominal itik pengging. Kata kunci: daun kelor, jantung, limpa, lambung, lemak abdominal, itik pengging.
Histopatologi Pankreas Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus L.) yang Diberi Pakan Tinggi Lemak dan Paparan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Mimba (Azadirachta indica A. Juss)
Authors: Ningrum Eka Wahyu Cahya , Isdadiyanto Sri , Mardiati Siti Muflichatun 
Published: October 2021

Daun Mimba (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) mengandung antioksidan yang berpotensi untuk memperbaiki kerusakan pankreas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh ekstrak etanol daun mimba terhadap histopatologi pankreas tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus L.) yang diberi pakan tinggi lemak. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap yang terdiri dari 6 perlakuan dan 4 kali pengulangan. Perlakuan meliputi kontrol (P0), pakan tinggi lemak (P1), simvastatin 8 mg (P2), dan uji dosis ekstrak etanol daun mimba 75; 100; dan 125 mg (P3; P4; dan P5). Parameter yang diukur adalah diameter dan luas pulau langerhans. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun mimba tidak berpengaruh nyata (p>0,05) terhadap diameter dan luas pulau langerhans serta tidak berpengaruh nyata (p>0,05) terhadap skoring kerusakan pulau langerhans tikus putih. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah esktrak etanol daun mimba dengan dosis 75; 100; dan 125 mg tidak dapat meningkatkan diameter dan luas pulau langerhans tikus putih yang diberi pakan tinggi lemak. Kata kunci : ekstrak etanol daun Mimba, pakan tinggi lemak, pulau langerhans, tikus putih
Respon Eksplan Batang Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) terhadap Perlakuan Konsentrasi Thidiazuron (TDZ) pada Media MS secara In Vitro
Authors: Saputro Jefri , Setiari Nintya , Nurchayati Yulita , Izzati Munifatul 
Published: October 2021

Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) merupakan komoditas yang berpotensi dalam diversifikasi pangan, namun perbanyakan bibit dengan umbi tidak efektif untuk persediaan bibit nasional. Solusi dari permasalahan tersebut adalah perbanyakan dengan kultur jaringan melalui teknik organogenesis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis jenis eksplan dan konsentrasi TDZ yang tepat untuk meningkatkan respon viabilitas dan organogenesis eksplan. Metode yang digunakan adalah induksi organogenesis. Eksplan batang dipotong melintang dan diinisiasi dalam media MS dengan konsentrasi TDZ berbeda. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial 2x4. Faktor pertama adalah jenis eksplan (batang tanpa tunas atau B0 dan batang bertunas atau B1), dan faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi TDZ (0ppm atau T0, 4,5ppm atau T4,5, 6ppm atau T6 dan 7,5ppm atau T7,5). Parameter yang diamati adalah persentase eksplan steril, persentase eksplan hidup, jumlah tunas, jumlah daun dan jumlah akar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis eksplan batang bertunas cenderung meningkatkan viabilitas dan persentase eksplan hidup daripada jenis eksplan batang tanpa tunas, sedangkan peningkatan konsentrasi TDZ cenderung menurunkan viabilitas dan persentase eksplan hidup. Jenis eksplan dan konsentrasi TDZ mempengaruhi secara nyata jumlah tunas, daun dan akar. Peningkatan konsentrasi TDZ sampai 4,5ppm merupakan konsentrasi optimal dalam meningkatkan jumlah tunas dan daun. Kata kunci : Solanum tuberosum, TDZ, jenis eksplan, , viabilitas, organogenesis
Troponin interference with special regard to macrocomplex formation
Authors: Strasser Bernhard , Tomasits Josef , Fellner Alexander , Lambert Thomas 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Biomarkers, such as troponin-T and troponin-I, are regarded as the gold standard laboratory parameter for diagnosing many cardiological diseases. These parameters have been approved for clinical use. Many cardiological guidelines recommend the analysis of troponins in the majority of cardiological disease diagnoses and to also gain prognostic information. Nonetheless, many medical circumstances could cause false troponin elevations. In this article, we focus on troponin artifacts, particularly macro-immune complex formation, as important interference factors. Therefore, we performed a literature search from 2006 to 06/2021.
On the deformation of laminated composite and sandwich curved beams
Authors: Avhad Pravin V. , Sayyad Atteshamuddin S. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Plenty of research articles are available on the static deformation analysis of laminated straight beams using refined shear deformation theories. However, research on the deformation of laminated curved beams with simply supported boundary conditions is limited and needs more attention nowadays. With this objective, the present study deals with the static analysis of laminated composite and sandwich beams curved in elevation using a new quasi-3D polynomial type beam theory. The theory considers the effects of both transverse shear and normal strains, i.e. thickness stretching effects. In the present theory, axial displacement has expanded up to the fifth-order polynomial in terms of thickness coordinates to effectively account for the effects of curvature and deformations. The present theory satisfies the zero traction boundary condition on the top and bottom surfaces of the beam. Governing differential equations and associated boundary conditions are established by using the Principal of virtual work. Navier’s solution technique is used to obtain displacements and stresses for simply supported beams curved in elevation and subjected to uniformly distributed load. The present results can be benefited to the upcoming researchers.
Recent advances in compatibility and toughness of poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene succinate) blends
Authors: Zhao Xipo , Zhang Dianfeng , Yu Songting , Zhou Hongyu , Peng Shaoxian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) has good impact strength and high elongation at break. It is used to toughen biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) materials because it can considerably improve the toughness of PLA without changing the biodegradability of the materials. Therefore, this approach has become a hotspot in the field of biodegradable materials. A review of the physical and chemical modification methods that are applied to improve the performance of PLA/PBS blends based on recent studies is presented in this article. The improvement effect of PLA/PBS blends and the addition of some common fillers on the physical properties and crystallization properties of blends in the physical modification method are summarized briefly. The compatibilizing effects of nanofillers and compatibilizing agents necessary to improve the compatibility and toughness of PLA/PBS blends are described in detail. The chemical modification method involving the addition of reactive polymers and low-molecular-weight compounds to form cross-linked/branched structures at the phase interface during in situ reactions was introduced clearly. The addition of reactive compatibilizing components is an effective strategy to improve the compatibility between PLA and PBS components and further improve the mechanical properties and processing properties of the materials. It has high research value and wide application prospects in the modification of PLA. In addition, the degradation performance of PLA/PBS blends and the methods to improve the degradation performance were briefly summarized, and the development direction of PLA/PBS blends biodegradation performance research was prospected.
Novel design and combination strategy of minocycline and OECs-loaded CeO2 nanoparticles with SF for the treatment of spinal cord injury: In vitro and in vivo evaluations
Authors: Cui Shengyu , Zhu Xinhui , Xu Dawei , Liu Wei , Yi Hong , Yan Jun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Generally, several mechanisms influenced the secondary injury chutes following acute spinal cord injury (SCI). Though current SCI therapeutic approaches mostly target single elements in the injury chutes, they have been mostly ineffective in clinical trials. The aim of this study was to design and develop a novel cerium oxide/silk fibroin (CeO2/SF) hydrogel material loaded with minocycline (MCN) and transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells (OEC) for SCI treatment. The prepared CeO2/SF hydrogel has an advantageous porous morphological structure and CeO2 NPs were greatly encapsulated on the surface, which was confirmed by microscopic observations. The results of in vitro analyses established favourable biocompatibility of 94.65% and 89.45%, sustained drug release rate of 89% and 58%, and significant reduction in pro-inflammatory factors for the treatments using cerium oxide loaded silk fibroin (CSF) and CeO2 NPs, respectively. Meanwhile, the administration of MCN@OEC greatly provides an efficient improvement in BBB score, decreased bladder weight, and histological improvement after SCI when compared to the control. Therefore, the combined MCN and OEC-loaded CSF hydrogel sample could be proved as a low cost, safe, and potential material for the treatment of SCI.
A fault detection technique based on line parameters in ring-configured DC microgrid
Authors: Prince Satyavarta Kumar , Affijulla Shaik , Panda Gayadhar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The integration of distributed generation (DG) units into a DC microgrid presents a research challenge in terms of a proper protection scheme. The network must be protected due to the sudden change in the amplitude and direction of the fault current. In addition, due to the absence of zero-crossing of the DC fault current, protecting the network from these potential faults is a challenging task. The DC fault can be diagnosed using an appropriate detection technique after monitoring the movement of current. In this paper, a least-square estimation (LSE) technique has been adopted, which has been proven to be able to detect the faulty line strongly, so that the fault is detected by estimated parameters. This fault detection technique has been evaluated on six-lines, with faults analyzed on each line. The six-bus DC microgrid is designed in PSS®SINCAL, and the proposed method is simulated in MATLAB. Two sets of simulations are designed to validate the reliability of the proposed method: (1) pole–ground (P–G) and (2) pole–pole (P–P) fault estimation of inductance and capacitance (C) in a separate line. Simulation results show that the proposed methodology can able to accurately detect (i.e., 95% accuracy) the faulty line in the DC microgrid with respect to designated ‘trip’ value. Thus, the proposed fault detection methodology can be utilized for protection of modern DC microgrids. An experimental PV-battery-load-based fault detection technique has been developed in the laboratory and tested under P–P fault conditions in order to validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Odyssey Towards a Sirenic Thinking: An Attempt at a Self-Criticism of the Listening Paradigm Within Sound Studies
Authors: Kallenberg Jim Igor , Eßler Hannah L. M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This text departs from a contradictory claim in deaf studies and sound studies: both disciplines describe a hierarchical regime of the sensible – visuocentrism and audiocentrism – which they try to counter with conceptualisations as “acoustemology” or “deaf gain.” However, as we argue, they both thereby erect what they claim to overcome: a sensual regime that privileges one sense over another and a restricted conception of subjectivity deriving from it. First, we draw a philosophical line in the critique of sensual regimes. Then we propose a figure for the transcendence of the separation of the sensible: in re-reading of the myth of Odysseus and the sirens, we engage various examples from literature, art, and acoustics to describe sirens as a mythological and technical archetype of the transcendence of the sensual regime, as well as reified subjectivity. The question, then, is not how to escape the sirens, but how they can be approached. It is necessary, we argue, for sound studies to develop a critical self-consciousness of its own restricted concepts in order to move from sonic thinking towards a sirenic thinking.
Keine Meritokratie im Förderschulsystem? Zum Zusammenhang von demografischer Entwicklung, lokalen Förderschulstrukturen und der Wahrscheinlichkeit, eine Förderschule zu besuchen
Authors: Helbig Marcel , Steinmetz Sebastian 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDemografische Veränderungen und der Ausbau der lokalen Schulstruktur sollten aus meritokratischer Perspektive keinen Einfluss auf die Bildungschancen haben. In diesem Beitrag zeigen wir jedoch, dass die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Förderschulbesuchs mit diesen systemischen Aspekten zusammenhängt. So zeigen wir, dass der starke Bevölkerungsrückgang in Ostdeutschland zu einem ebenso starken Anstieg der Förderschulquoten geführt hat. Darüber hinaus können wir mitFixed-Effects-Modellenfür die deutschen Kreise von 1995 bis 2017 zeigen, dass lokale demografische Entwicklungen und der Ausbau des Förderschulnetzes auch außerhalb demografischer Ausnahmeerscheinungen mit der Förderschulquote im Zusammenhang stehen. Hinter unseren Ergebnissen vermuten wir ein Selbsterhaltungsinteresse des Förderschulsystems, das sich zudem seit der Ratifizierung der UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention (UN-BRK) in einem „Wettbewerb“ mit den allgemeinen Schulen um ausreichend Kinder befindet.