bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of intralipid infusions on anti‐trophoblast antibody (ATAb)‐activities in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss: An observational report
Authors: Rogenhofer Nina , Mahner Sven , von Hasselbach Yumiko Lindgard , Thaler Christian J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractProblemSome studies suggest intravenous intralipid infusions (IVIL) to be effective in the treatment of immune‐mediated pregnancy failure. To this date it remains to be established, how IVIL might protect pregnancy and therefore a specific subgroup of RPL patients that might benefit from IVIL has not been defined. Anti‐trophoblast antibodies (ATAb) have been associated with RPL and appear to mediate immune pathology. We have shown, that ATAb in vitro decrease HCG‐ and progesterone production pointing to a mechanism how ATAb interfere with normal pregnancies. We have measured ATAb‐activities in patients undergoing off label IVIL‐treatment.Method of studyTen RPL‐patients with positive ATAb, determined by using the choriocarcinoma cellline JEG‐3 and flow cytometry as described before, and otherwise unexplained RPL, received off‐label IVIL during pregnancy. Two ATAb‐positive RPL patients preferred expectant management. In addition, ATAb‐activity was studied in pregnancies of two healthy ATAb‐negative volunteers without miscarriages.ResultsIn RPL patients receiving IVIL, relative ATAb‐activity decreased from an average of 56.8±17.0% to 20.8±11.0% (P < .001). The two RPL‐patients without IVIL, aborted at 6+3gw and 7+4gw and embryonic genetic testing revealed euploid karyotypes. During pregnancies of the two healthy ATAb‐negative individuals, ATAb‐activities remained negative (16±9.8%) without significant changes (P = .22). Nine of the 10 pregnancies receiving IVIL proceeded uneventful with healthy newborns ≥37gw. One patient receiving IVIL aborted at 7+6gw and embryonic genetic‐testing revealed a trisomy 16. No specific side effects concerning IVIL were noted.ConclusionsIntralipid preparations during pregnancies of ATAb‐positive RPL‐patients significantly reduce ATAb‐activities and this may indicate a therapeutic mechanism of IVIL.
Adaptive self‐objectification in the context of breast cancer: A theoretical integration of the terror management health model and research on objectification
Authors: Courtney Emily P. , Goldenberg Jamie L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntegrating theorizing from the terror management health model with research on the objectification of women's bodies, we present a novel framework for understanding reactions to breasts in the context of breast cancer: adaptive self‐objectification. We suggest that, despite evidence that objectifying the body has harmful consequences for women, viewing the breasts as objects has the potential to lead to positive outcomes in the context of breast health and cancer. We find evidence for this in the context of mass communication about breast cancer screening, in women's willingness and comfort with engagement in breast cancer screening, and in the decisions women make with respect to cancer treatment (e.g. mastectomy). We conclude with a call to action for research to examine the impact of objectification of the breasts on screening behavior and treatment decisions, and consider how adaptive self‐objectification can be encouraged, with the aim of saving lives.
Antibodies‐to‐infliximab accelerate clearance while dose intensification reverses immunogenicity and recaptures clinical response in paediatric Crohn’s disease
Authors: Colman Ruben J. , Xiong Ye , Mizuno Tomoyuki , Hyams Jeffrey S. , Noe Joshua D. , Boyle Brendan , D’Haens Geert R. , van Limbergen Johan , Chun Kelly , Yang Jane , Rosen Michael J. , Denson Lee A. , Vinks Alexander A. , Minar Phillip 
Published: December 2021

SummaryBackgroundAntibodies to infliximab (ATI) are associated with secondary loss of response and increased risk for drug reactions. Limited studies have associated ATI with increased infliximab clearance.AimsWe assessed the impact of ATI on infliximab clearance and loss of response in an inception paediatric Crohn’s disease cohort with 1‐year follow‐up.MethodsThis multi‐centre prospective cohort study collected peak and trough serum infliximab/ATI concentrations from 660 infusions (78 patients) during the first year of therapy. Clinicians were blinded to these research labs. The primary outcome was the difference in infliximab clearance between ATI‐positive (ATI) and ATI‐negative (no‐ATI) patients. Secondary outcomes included pre‐treatment predictors of ATI (including HLA‐DQA1 genotyping). Clinical remission, loss of response and infliximab clearance were compared between pre‐ATI, during ATI and following ATI resolution with MANOVA. Time to ATI was calculated by Cox proportional Hazards model.ResultsATI were detected in 68% (53/78) patients with a median concentration of 76 ng/mL (range 23‐1828). Maximum ATI concentration was <200 ng/mL in 73.6% (39/53). Median clearance in ATI patients was higher (with higher clearance if loss of response), compared to no‐ATI patients (P < 0.001). Neutrophil CD64 ratio >6 and starting dose <7.5 mg/kg independently predicted ATI in multivariable regression, while HLA‐DQA1*05 presence did not. Dose adjustment resolved ATI in 37.5% (12/32) patients with concomitant infliximab concentration and clearance recovery. A maximum ATI level of ≤99 ng/mL predicted ATI resolution (area under the receiver operating curve 0.80 [95% CI 0.64‐0.96]).ConclusionsIn this real‐world cohort, ATI as low as 23 ng/mL impacted drug clearance. Our data suggest that dose optimisation for low‐level ATI can improve infliximab clearance and prevent loss of response.
Usefulness of laparoscopic right colectomy with intracorporeal anastomosis and preoperative weight reduction for ascending colon cancer in a severely obese patient
Authors: Inaguma Gaku , Tajima Yosuke , Hiro Junichiro , Hanai Tsunekazu , Katsuno Hidetoshi , Masumori Koji , Koide Yoshikazu , Matsuoka Hiroshi , Endo Tomoyoshi , Kamiya Tadahiro , Chong Yongchol , Sato Harunobu , Maeda Kotaro , Uyama Ichiro , Suda Koichi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObesity has been considered a risk factor for postoperative complications following colorectal cancer surgery. However, the usefulness of a combination of intracorporeal anastomosis and preoperative weight reduction for severely obese patients with colon cancer remains unclear. A 66‐year‐old man with a body mass index (BMI) of 43 kg/m2 presented with abdominal pain and iron deficiency anemia. Colonoscopy and computed tomography revealed advanced ascending colon cancer with regional lymph node metastasis and excessive abdominal fat. Preoperative diet‐induced weight reduction was performed for severe obesity, which decreased his BMI to 39.7 kg/m2 after 1 month. Thereafter, curative resection was performed using intracorporeal anastomosis for reconstruction to achieve minimal colon and mesentery mobilization and a shorter incision. The patient was discharged from the hospital without complications. Laparoscopic right hemicolectomy combining intracorporeal anastomosis and preoperative weight reduction was extremely useful in the current patient with severe obesity and ascending colon cancer.
Academics as Agentic Superheroes: Female academics’ lack of fit with the agentic stereotype of success limits their career advancement
Authors: Van Veelen Ruth , Derks Belle 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGender gaps in academia persist with women being less likely to attain leadership, earning lower salaries, and receiving less research funding and resources compared to their male peers. The current research demonstrates yet another, more intangible gender gap in academia called lack of fit, whereby compared to male academics, female academics perceive higher misfit between their professional self‐concept and the agentic ‘superhero’ stereotype of the successful academic. The entire population of Dutch academics (i.e., assistant, associate, and full professors from 14 universities) was approached to participate in a nationwide survey. Results from this unique dataset (N = 3978) demonstrate that academics perceive agency (e.g., self‐confident, self‐focused, competitive) as more descriptive of the stereotypical successful academic than communality (e.g., team‐oriented, good teacher, collegial). Importantly, early career female academics perceived highest lack of fit with this narrowly‐defined agentic occupational stereotype, which was correlated with lower work engagement, professional identification and career efficacy, and higher work exhaustion and exit intentions. Thus, lack of fit seems yet another barrier contributing to pervasive gender gaps in academia. Implications for building more inclusive academic cultures, where not only agentic but also communal academic practice is recognized and rewarded are discussed.
l‐Citrulline ameliorates pathophysiology in a rat model of superimposed preeclampsia
Authors: Man Andy W. C. , Zhou Yawen , Lam Uyen D. P. , Reifenberg Gisela , Werner Anke , Habermeier Alice , Closs Ellen I. , Daiber Andreas , Münzel Thomas , Xia Ning , Li Huige 
Published: December 2021

Background and PurposePreeclampsia, characterized by hypertension, proteinuria and restriction of fetal growth, is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal mortality. So far, there is no effective pharmacological therapy for preeclampsia. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementation with l‐citrulline in Dahl salt‐sensitive rats, a model of superimposed preeclampsia.Experimental ApproachParental Dahl salt‐sensitive rats were treated with l‐citrulline (2.5 g·L−1 in drinking water) from the day of mating to the end of lactation period. Blood pressure was monitored throughout pregnancy and markers of preeclampsia were assessed. Endothelial function of the pregnant Dahl salt‐sensitive rats was assessed by wire myograph.Key ResultsIn Dahl salt‐sensitive rats, l‐citrulline supplementation significantly reduced maternal blood pressure, proteinuria and levels of circulating soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase 1. l‐Citrulline improved maternal endothelial function by augmenting the production of nitric oxide in the aorta and improving endothelium‐derived hyperpolarizing factor‐mediated vasorelaxation in resistance arteries. l‐Citrulline supplementation improved placental insufficiency and fetal growth, which were associated with an enhancement of angiogenesis and reduction of fibrosis and senescence in the placentas. In addition, l‐citrulline down‐regulated genes involved in the TLR4 and NF‐κB signalling pathways.Conclusion and ImplicationsThis study shows that l‐citrulline supplementation reduced gestational hypertension and improved placentation and fetal growth in a rat model of superimposed preeclampsia. l‐Citrulline supplementation may provide an effective and safe therapeutic strategy for preeclampsia that benefits both the mother and the fetus.
Mineralocorticoid receptors in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Schreier Barbara , Zipprich Alexander , Uhlenhaut Henriette , Gekle Michael 
Published: December 2021

Liver diseases are the fourth common death in Europe responsible for about 2 million death per year worldwide. Among the known detrimental causes for liver dysfunction are virus infections, intoxications and obesity.The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is a ligand‐dependent transcription factor activated by aldosterone or glucocorticoids but also by pathological milieu factors. Canonical actions of the MR take place in epithelial cells of kidney, colon and sweat glands and contribute to sodium reabsorption, potassium secretion and extracellular volume homeostasis. The non‐canonical functions can be initiated by inflammation or an altered micro‐milieu leading to fibrosis, hypertrophy and remodelling in various tissues.This narrative review summarizes the evidence regarding the role of MR in portal hypertension, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, demonstrating that inhibition of the MR in vivo seems to be beneficial for liver function and not just for volume regulation. Unfortunately, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still not completely understood.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Emerging Fields for Therapeutic Targeting of the Aldosterone‐Mineralocorticoid Receptor Signaling Pathway. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.13/issuetoc
Testing the specificity of environmental risk factors for developmental outcomes
Authors: Bignardi Giacomo , Dalmaijer Edwin S. , Astle Duncan E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDevelopmental theories often assume that specific environmental risks affect specific outcomes. Canonical Correlation Analysis was used to test whether 28 developmental outcomes (measured at 11–15 years) share the same early environmental risk factors (measured at 0–3 years), or whether specific outcomes are associated with specific risks. We used data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study (N = 10,376, 51% Female, 84% White) collected between 2001 and 2016. A single environment component was mostly sufficient for explaining cognition and parent‐rated behavior outcomes. In contrast, adolescents’ alcohol and tobacco use were specifically associated with their parents’, and child‐rated mental health was weakly associated with all risks. These findings suggest that with some exceptions, many different developmental outcomes share the same early environmental risk factors.
Sanitation, vaccination, and sanctification: A South‐African theological engagement with COVID‐19
Authors: Veldsman Danie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn critical self‐reflection from an African context on the pandemic, COVID‐19 is first semantically re‐baptized as Christianity‐On‐Verges: Inciting Discussion, with a subsequent discussion in broad outlines of the thematic foci of the most recent South African publications on the pandemic. Next, the identified thematic foci are then related to an important Northern discourse on theologies of disaster as explored by the Danish theologian Niels Henrik Gregersen. From the discussion in its insightful emphasis on disruptive communities and religious paradigm of resilience, the argumentative focus moves to a tentative formulation and prioritization of theological directives for academic scholarly engagement with the pandemic. Finally, theological directives are carefully and tentatively explored with sanctification as the chosen framework to integrate the identified challenges for disruptive communities and for the scholarly engagement with COVID‐19.
Motivations, attitudes for choosing dental profession and preferred dental specialties amongst Turkish dental students
Authors: Sezer Berkant , Kolay Duygu , Şen Yavuz Betül , Güneyligil Kazaz Tanyeli , Kargül Betül 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to investigate the influential factors for choosing dentistry, their thoughts about the profession, their expectations for the future and their thoughts about the specialisation of dental students from all grades in the School of Dentistry, Marmara University.Materials and MethodsSocio‐demographic information, influential factors the choice of profession, thoughts and expectations about dentistry, and thoughts about the specialisation were evaluated in the questionnaire that included different question types in four separate sections. Chi‐square test was used to assess the relationship between categorical variables, and multiple linear regression was performed to examine the combined effects of variables that influence the always dream of becoming a dentist.Results462 of the 471 participants from all grades who agreed to participate in the study completed the questionnaire with a response rate of 98.1%. It was seen that the students' clinical experience made differences in almost half of their motivational sources for choosing dentistry and their views on future opinions and expectations (p < .05). In addition to clinical experience, gender also made a statistically significant differences in almost all answers in the students' opinions about specialisation (p < .05).ConclusionFrom the results of the study, the majority of Turkish dental students were self‐motivated compared to familial and environmental factors for choosing dentistry as a career. The career motivations of them seemed to be associated with the socioeconomic aspects of dentistry, whereas the perceptions regarding the future of dentistry seemed to be associated with the need for postgraduate education.
Mobile application as a learning tool for improving dental students' knowledge regarding dental trauma
Authors: Matos Lamenha‐Lins Renata , Maria de Carvelho Pugliesi Daniela , José Camello de Lima Fernando , Regina Oliveira Moreira Ana , Gonçalves Correia de Leite de Marcelos Priscylla , dos Santos Valdeci Elias 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionCurrent evidence suggests an important knowledge gain of health sciences' students and professionals with mobile devices (m‐learning). This study aimed to verify whether different strategies of teaching (traditional lecture classroom, m‐learning and association of both methods) would present greater efficacy in knowledge improvement regarding dental trauma in primary dentition.Materials and MethodsAn action research study using a participatory approach was conducted with 36 undergraduate Brazilian dental students. A structured questionnaire composed of six clinical cases of traumatic injuries was initially applied to all students (pre‐test). Participants were then randomly distributed into three experimental groups: TC—students who had access exclusively to traditional lecture classroom; APP—access exclusively to the mobile application; and TC‐APP—access to both approaches. The traditional and technological methods had evidence‐based content and visual resources of the subject. After interventions, all students responded to the same previous questionnaire (post‐test). Wilcoxon and Kruskal‐Wallis tests were performed for statistical analysis.ResultsAll tested groups obtained statistically significant improvement between their pre‐test and post‐test scores, for both diagnosis and treatment of dental trauma (p < .005). Nonetheless, no intergroup differences were observed amongst the scores of pre‐ and post‐test for diagnosis (p = .159) and treatment (p = .206).ConclusionAll teaching approaches applied obtained similar knowledge improvement of undergraduate dental students regarding traumatic injuries in primary teeth.
The reactive theory of emotions
Authors: Massin Olivier 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEvaluative theories of emotions purport to shed light on the nature of emotions by appealing to values. Three kinds of evaluative theories of emotions dominate the recent literature: the judgment theory equates emotions with value judgments; the perceptual theory equates emotions with perceptions of values, and the attitudinal theory equates emotions with evaluative attitudes. This paper defends a fourth kind of evaluative theory of emotions, mostly neglected so far: the reactive theory. Reactive theories claim that emotions are attitudes which arise in reaction to perceptions of value.
Fusion of visible near‐infrared and mid‐infrared data for modelling key soil‐forming processes in loess soils
Authors: Zhao Lulu , Hong Hanlie , Algeo Thomas J. , Liu Chen , Lu Anhuai 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPedogenic weathering of aeolian materials plays an essential role in global nutrient and carbon cycling. A quick and effective approach for temporally high‐resolution and spatially large‐scale pedogenic investigations has long been needed. Here, we used visible and near‐infrared, mid‐infrared and sensor‐fused data to predict pedogenesis‐related soil properties (i.e., grain‐size distribution, clay‐mineral properties and geochemical ratios) in a thick loess sequence in central China. Sensor fusion was achieved at three different levels: (1) direct combination of spectral parameters (low‐level fusion; Fusionpara); (2) combination of spectral features selected by principal component analysis (middle‐level fusion; FusionPCA) and (3) fusion using outer product analysis (high‐level fusion; FusionOPA). Sensor‐fusion generally improves the model predictions for all soil properties, with increases in the values of the model efficiency coefficient (MEC) of 8% and the performance‐to‐interquartile range of 12%. Whole‐soil properties are optimally predicted with the Fusionpara dataset using the random forest algorithm, yielding a mean MEC of 0.85. Spectral parameters D2200/D1900 and AS2200 are demonstrated as promising new pedogenic proxies, with higher values indicating more intense hydrolysis during pedogenesis. Spectral proxies along the loess sequence suggest that intense soil formation occurred during warm and humid interglacial periods when the East Asian summer monsoon intensified. The sensor‐fusion technique improved model performance for assessing mineral transformations and chemical weathering intensity, providing a quick and efficient means of interpreting pedogenic evolution, especially in the case of spatially large‐scale soil investigations.Highlights
Fusion of VNIR and MIR spectra to model loess pedogenesis.
Spectral modeling provides a robust surrogate for pedogenic evolution studies.
Sensor fusion improves the performance of chemometric models.
Sensor‐fusion models can reconstruct loess pedogenesis.
Host traits and environment interact to determine persistence of bat populations impacted by white‐nose syndrome
Authors: Grimaudo Alexander T. , Hoyt Joseph R. , Yamada Steffany A. , Herzog Carl J. , Bennett Alyssa B. , Langwig Kate E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEmerging infectious diseases have resulted in severe population declines across diverse taxa. In some instances, despite attributes associated with high extinction risk, disease emergence and host declines are followed by host stabilisation for unknown reasons. While host, pathogen, and the environment are recognised as important factors that interact to determine host–pathogen coexistence, they are often considered independently. Here, we use a translocation experiment to disentangle the role of host traits and environmental conditions in driving the persistence of remnant bat populations a decade after they declined 70–99% due to white‐nose syndrome and subsequently stabilised. While survival was significantly higher than during the initial epidemic within all sites, protection from severe disease only existed within a narrow environmental space, suggesting host traits conducive to surviving disease are highly environmentally dependent. Ultimately, population persistence following pathogen invasion is the product of host–pathogen interactions that vary across a patchwork of environments.