bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pd-AlOOH/Al Honeycomb Monolith Catalysts Obtained from Pd(II) Complex Precursor with Different Ligands by a Facile One-Step Method
Authors: Liu Fangfang , Wang Hongmian , Dai Zhentan , Wu Jiahao , Dou Yongshen , Liu Sanmao , Li Yongfeng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The adopted ligand type of a palladium precursor has a great influence on the microstructure, morphology and catalytic performance of obtained Pd-based monolith catalysts by a one-step method with redox reactions of two galvanic cells. In the sequence of ligand type NH3, en, Gly and EDTA, the obtained Pd-AlOOH/Al-x (x = NH3, en, Gly, EDTA) monolith catalysts showed gradually increasing specific surface areas, micro/mesopore volumes and catalytic activities in toluene total oxidation reaction, because more AlOOH nanosheets and Pd nanoparticles were generated to form a more uniform and well-dispersed three-dimensional-network structure film on the Al substrate surface.
Focus on the expected quality of reporting in SBRT/radiosurgery prospective studies: how far have we come in 30 years?
Authors: Vial Nicolas , Nevesny Stéphane , Sotton Sandrine , Moslemi Dariush , Jmour Omar , Guillaume Elodie , Rehailia-Blanchard Amel , Trone Jane-Chloé , Langrand-Escure Julien , Vallard Alexis , Magne Nicolas 
Published: April 2021

Objectives:
We aimed at describing and assessing the quality of reporting in all published prospective trials about radiosurgery (SRS) and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT).

Methods:
The Medline database was searched for. The reporting of study design, patients’ and radiotherapy characteristics, previous and concurrent cancer treatments, acute and late toxicities and assessment of quality of life were collected.

Results:
114 articles – published between 1989 and 2019 - were analysed. 21 trials were randomised (18.4%). Randomisation information was unavailable in 59.6% of the publications. Data about randomisation, ITT analysis and whether the study was multicentre or not, had been significantly less reported during the 2010–2019 publication period than before (respectively 29.4% vs 57.4% (p &lt; 0.001), 20.6% vs 57.4% (p &lt; 0.001), 48.5% vs 68.1% (p &lt; 0.001). 89.5% of the articles reported the number of included patients. Information about radiation total dose was available in 86% of cases and dose per fraction in 78.1%. Regarding the method of dose prescription, the prescription isodose was the most reported information (58.8%). The reporting of radiotherapy characteristics did not improve during the 2010 s-2019s. Acute and late high-grade toxicity was reported in 37.7 and 30.7%, respectively. Their reporting decreased in recent period, especially for all-grade late toxicities (p = 0.044).

Conclusion:
It seems necessary to meet stricter specifications to improve the quality of reporting.

Advances in knowledge:
Our work results in one of the rare analyses of radiosurgery and SBRT publications. Literature must include necessary information to first, ensure treatments can be compared and reproduced and secondly, to permit to decide on new standards of care.
Chemoradiation-induced changes in systemic inflammatory markers and their prognostic significance in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Khin Ni Sann , Tan Sze Huey , Wang Michael LC , Siow Tian Rui , Lim Faye LWT , Wang Fu Qiang , Ng Matthew CH , Lam Justina YC , Yip Connie 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
Chemoradiation (CRT) may induce a change in systemic inflammatory state which could affect clinical outcomes in oesophageal cancer. We aimed to evaluate the changes and prognostic significance of systemic inflammatory markers following definitive CRT in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods:
A total of 53 patients treated with concurrent CRT were included in this retrospective analysis. We compared neutrophils, lymphocytes, platelets, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR) before and after CRT using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated. Univariable and multivariable survival analysis were performed using Cox regression analysis. Clinical univariable survival prognostic factors with p &lt; 0.1 were included in a multivariable cox regression analysis for backward stepwise model selection.

Results:
Both NLR (median ∆+2.8 [IQR −0.11, 8.62], p &lt; 001) and PLR (median ∆+227 [81.3–523.5], p &lt; 0.001) increased significantly after CRT. Higher levels of pre-CRT, post-CRT and change (∆) in NLR and PLR were associated with inferior OS and PFS. Post-CRT NLR (HR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02–1.07, p &lt; 0.001), post-CRT platelets (HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.05, p = 0.005), cT-stage (HR 3.83, 95% CI 1.39–10.60, p = 0.01) and RT dose (HR 0.41, 95% CI 0.21–0.81, p = 0.01) were independent prognostic factors for OS in multivariable analysis. Change in NLR (HR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–1.06, p = 0.001), post-CRT platelets (HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.05, p = 0.002), cT-stage (HR 3.98, 95% CI 1.55–10.25, p = 0.004) and RT dose (HR 0.41, 95% CI 0.21–0.80, p = 0.009) were independent prognostic factors for PFS.

Conclusion:
Both NLR and PLR increased following definitive CRT. Post-CRT NLR and ∆NLR were associated with adverse survival in oesophageal SCC.

Advances in knowledge:
We showed that CRT increased PLR and NLR, possibly reflecting a systemic inflammatory state which were associated with poor clinical outcomes in oesophageal SCC.
Contrast enhanced ultrasound quantitative parameters for assessing neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in patients with locally advanced breast cancer
Authors: Sharma Anant , Grover Shabnam Bhandari , Mani Chinta , Ahluwalia Charanjeet 
Published: April 2021

Objectives:
To evaluate the role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) quantitative parameters in predicting neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) response in patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC).

Methods:
30 patients with histologically proven LABC scheduled for NACT were recruited. CEUS was performed using a contrast bolus of 4.8 ml and time intensity curves (TICs) were obtained by contrast dynamics software. CEUS quantitative parameters assessed were peak enhancement (PE), time-to-peak (TTP), area under the curve (AUC) and mean transit time (MTT). The parameters were documented on four consecutive instances: before NACT and 3 weeks after each of the three cycles. The gold-standard was pathological response using Miller Payne Score obtained pre NACT and post-surgery.

Results:
A decrease in mean values of PE and an increase in mean values of TTP and MTT was observed with each cycle of NACT among responders. Post each cycle of NACT (compared with baseline pre-NACT), there was a statistically significant difference in % change of mean values of PE, TTP and MTT between good responders and poor responders (p-value &lt; 0.05). The diagnostic accuracy of TTP post-third cycle was 87.2% (p = 0.03), and MTT post--second and third cycle was 76.7% (p = 0.004) and 86.7% (p = 0.006) respectively.

Conclusion:
In responders, a decrease in the tumor vascularity was reflected in the CEUS quantitative parameters as a reduction in PE, and a prolongation in TTP, MTT.

Advances in knowledge:
Prediction of NACT response by CEUS has the potential to serve as a diagnostic modality for modification of chemotherapy regimens during ongoing NACT among patients with LABC, thus affecting patient prognosis.
Hematological consequences of malaria infection in mice previously treated for visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Rani Gulab Fatima , Ashwin Helen , Brown Najmeeyah , Hitchcock Ian S. , Kaye Paul M. 
Published: April 2021

Background: Polyparasitism is commonplace in countries where endemicity for multiple parasites exists, and studies in animal models of coinfection have made significant inroads into understanding the impact of often competing demands on the immune system. However, few studies have addressed how previous exposure to and treatment for one infection impacts a subsequent heterologous infection. Methods: We used a C57BL/6 mouse model of drug-treated Leishmania donovani infection followed by experimental Plasmodium chabaudi AS malaria, focusing on hematological dysfunction as a common attribute of both infections. We measured parasite burden, blood parameters associated with anemia and thrombocytopenia, and serum thrombopoietin. In addition, we quantified macrophage iNOS expression through immunohistological analysis of the liver and spleen. Results: We found that the thrombocytopenia and anemia that accompanies primary L. donovani infection was rapidly reversed following single dose AmBisome® treatment, along with multiple other markers associated with immune activation (including restoration of tissue microarchitecture and reduced macrophage iNOS expression). Compared to naive mice, mice cured of previous VL showed comparable albeit delayed clinical responses (including peak parasitemia and anemia) to P. chabaudi AS infection. Thrombocytopenia was also evident in these sequentially infected mice, consistent with a decrease in circulating levels of thrombopoietin. Architectural changes to the spleen were also comparable in sequentially infected mice compared to those with malaria alone. Conclusions: Our data suggest that in this sequential infection model, previously-treated VL has limited impact on the subsequent development of malaria, but this issue deserves further attention in models of more severe disease or through longitudinal population studies in humans.
PREFIKS ME- DALAM CERPEN DURIAN KARYA DJENAR MAESA AYU
Authors: Cahyani Via 
Published: April 2021

This study aims to examine the "me-" prefixes in the short story Durian by Djenar Maesa Ayu based on the process of reciting and the function of said prefixes by inflective prefix and derivative prefix. This short story is interesting to be studied because by knowing the meaning of the story, the message submitted by the author can be well received by the readers. This study is made by using a descriptive qualitative method together with a morphological approach as the basis of its analysis. This study is made by using some data collection techniques which include reading techniques and note taking techniques. The results of this study proves that the author predominantly uses phoneme conservationin the affix processing. In addition, there is a prefix function found in the "me-" prefixes which forms a semi-transitive verb that has been contained in a word "memancing".
Early mobilisation after colorectal surgery: a qualitative study
Authors: Mathiasen Maria Camilla , Andersen Rune Martens , Schmidt Dorte Skaarup , Thomsen Thordis , Vinther Anders , Danielsen Anne Kjaergaard 
Published: April 2021

Background: Postoperative mobilisation after fast-track colorectal surgery is challenging for patients, and knowledge of patients' needs during this phase is important to improve surgical care. Aim: This study aimed to explore patients' views on, experiences of and recommendations for early mobilisation after colorectal surgery. Methods: This qualitative study used semi-structured individual interviews with patients in days 1–5 after colorectal surgery, and the data underwent content analysis. Findings: The 11 participants experienced dizziness and exhaustion impeding early mobilisation, and participants emphasised the importance of nurses for motivating mobilisation, as well as that they found the lack of space for exercising to be distressing. Companionship with other patients induced participants to get out of bed and help other patients mobilise. Finally, participants recounted their experiences of the usefulness of walking aids and of which activities were possible during hospitalisation. Conclusions: Nurses were key motivators for early mobilisation and need to be aware of this. Patients requested relevant exercises and space for exercising to facilitate postoperative recovery.
<p><strong>First report of <em>Megachile </em>(<em>Callomegachile</em>)<em> sculpturalis</em> Smith, 1853 (Apoidea: Megachilidae) from India</strong></p>
Authors: SARDAR SAYAN , RAMESHKUMAR ANANDHAN , KAZMI SARFRAZUL ISLAM 
Published: April 2021

The giant resin bee, Megachile (Callomegachile) sculpturalis (Smith, 1853) is an invasive solitary bee that has spread all over North America and Europe in the last decade. Although native to Asia, not much is known about its distribution in this continent. In the present study, Megachile (Callomegachile) sculpturalis is reported for the first time from India. Related information about this species regarding its nesting habits, floral association, and impact in introduced range obtained through bibliographical research along with the possible dispersal route after introduction in South Eastern Asia is provided. The checklist of Megachile (Callomegachile) in India is also provided. Key words: Pollinator, giant resin bee, range extension, Northeast India
Drug reformulation for a neglected disease. The NANOHAT project to develop a safer more effective sleeping sickness drug
Authors: Sanderson Lisa , da Silva Marcelo , Sekhar Gayathri N. , Brown Rachel C. , Burrell-Saward Hollie , Fidanboylu Mehmet , Liu Bo , Dailey Lea Ann , Dreiss Cécile A. , Lorenz Chris , Christie Mark , Persaud Shanta J. , Yardley Vanessa , Croft Simon L. , Valero Margarita , Thomas Sarah A. 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundHuman African trypanosomiasis (HAT or sleeping sickness) is caused by the parasiteTrypanosoma brucei sspp. The disease has two stages, a haemolymphatic stage after the bite of an infected tsetse fly, followed by a central nervous system stage where the parasite penetrates the brain, causing death if untreated. Treatment is stage-specific, due to the blood-brain barrier, with less toxic drugs such as pentamidine used to treat stage 1. The objective of our research programme was to develop an intravenous formulation of pentamidine which increases CNS exposure by some 10–100 fold, leading to efficacy against a model of stage 2 HAT. This target candidate profile is in line with drugs for neglected diseases inititative recommendations.MethodologyTo do this, we evaluated the physicochemical and structural characteristics of formulations of pentamidine with Pluronic micelles (triblock-copolymers of polyethylene-oxide and polypropylene oxide), selected candidates for efficacy and toxicity evaluationin vitro, quantified pentamidine CNS delivery of a sub-set of formulationsin vitro and in vivo, and progressed one pentamidine-Pluronic formulation for further evaluation using anin vivosingle dose brain penetration study.Principal FindingsScreening pentamidine against 40 CNS targets did not reveal any major neurotoxicity concerns, however, pentamidine had a high affinity for the imidazoline2receptor. The reduction in insulin secretion in MIN6 β-cells by pentamidine may be secondary to pentamidine-mediated activation of β-cell imidazoline receptors and impairment of cell viability. Pluronic F68 (0.01%w/v)-pentamidine formulation had a similar inhibitory effect on insulin secretion as pentamidine alone and an additive trypanocidal effectin vitro. However, all Pluronics tested (P85, P105 and F68) did not significantly enhance brain exposure of pentamidine.SignificanceThese results are relevant to further developing block-copolymers as nanocarriers, improving BBB drug penetration and understanding the side effects of pentamidine.
Short report: Introduction of chikungunya virus ECSA genotype into the Brazilian Midwest and its dispersion through the Americas
Authors: de Oliveira Elaine Cristina , Fonseca Vagner , Xavier Joilson , Adelino Talita , Morales Claro Ingra , Fabri Allison , Marques Macario Eduardo , Viniski Ana Elisa , Campos Souza Claudio Luis , Gomes da Costa Evanil Sebastiana , Soares de Sousa Claudia , Guimarães Dias Duarte Flávia , Correia de Medeiros Arnaldo , Campelo de Albuquerque Carlos F. , Venancio Cunha Rivaldo , Oliveira De Moura Noely Fabiana , Bispo de Filippis Ana Maria , Oliveira Tulio de , Lourenço José , de Abreu André Luiz , Alcantara Luiz Carlos Junior , Giovanetti Marta 
Published: April 2021

Since introduction into Brazil in 2014, chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has presented sustained transmission, although much is unknown about its circulation in the midwestern states. Here, we analyze 24 novel partial and near complete CHIKV genomes from Cuiaba, an urban metropolis located in the Brazilian midwestern state of Mato Grosso (MT).
Nanopore technology was used for sequencing CHIKV complete genomes. Phylogenetic and epidemiological approaches were used to explore the recent spatio-temporal evolution and spread of the CHIKV-ECSA genotype in Midwest Brazil as well as in the Americas.
Epidemiological data revealed a reduction in the number of reported cases over 2018–2020, likely as a consequence of a gradual accumulation of herd-immunity. Phylogeographic reconstructions revealed that at least two independent introductions of the ECSA lineage occurred in MT from a dispersion event originating in the northeastern region and suggest that the midwestern Brazilian region appears to have acted as a source of virus transmission towards Paraguay, a bordering South American country.
Our results show a complex dynamic of transmission between epidemic seasons and suggest a possible role of Brazil as a source for international dispersion of the CHIKV-ECSA genotype to other countries in the Americas.
‘The medicine is not for sale’: Practices of traditional healers in snakebite envenoming in Ghana
Authors: Steinhorst Jonathan , Aglanu Leslie Mawuli , Ravensbergen Sofanne J. , Dari Chrisantus Danaah , Abass Kabiru Mohammed , Mireku Samuel Osei , Adu Poku Joseph Ken , Enuameh Yeetey A. K. , Blessmann Jörg , Harrison Robert A. , Amuasi John H. , Stienstra Ymkje 
Published: April 2021

Background
Snakebite envenoming is a medical emergency which is common in many tropical lower- and middle-income countries. Traditional healers are frequently consulted as primary care-givers for snakebite victims in distress. Traditional healers therefore present a valuable source of information about how snakebite is perceived and handled at the community level, an understanding of which is critical to improve and extend snakebite-related healthcare.

Method
The study was approached from the interpretive paradigm with phenomenology as a methodology. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 traditional healers who treat snakebite patients in two rural settings in Ghana. From the Ashanti and Upper West regions respectively, 11 and 8 healers were purposively sampled. Interview data was coded, collated and analysed thematically using ATLAS.ti 8 software. Demographic statistics were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 26.

Findings
Snakebite was reportedly a frequent occurrence, perceived as dangerous and often deadly by healers. Healers felt optimistic in establishing a diagnosis of snakebite using a multitude of methods, ranging from herbal applications to spiritual consultations. They were equally confident about their therapies; encompassing the administration of plant and animal-based concoctions and manipulations of bite wounds. Traditional healers were consulted for both physical and spiritual manifestations of snakebite or after insufficient pain control and lack of antivenom at hospitals; referrals by healers to hospitals were primarily done to receive antivenom and care for wound complications. Most healers welcomed opportunities to engage more productively with hospitals and clinical staff.

Conclusions
The fact that traditional healers did sometimes refer victims to hospitals indicates that improvement of antivenom stocks, pain management and wound care can potentially improve health seeking at hospitals. Our results emphasize the need to explore future avenues for communication and collaboration with traditional healers to improve health seeking behaviour and the delivery of much-needed healthcare to snakebite victims.
No association of genetic variants in TLR4, TNF-α, IL10, IFN-γ, and IL37 in cytomegalovirus-positive renal allograft recipients with active CMV infection—Subanalysis of the prospective randomised VIPP study
Authors: Mazzola Pascale , Schaeffeler Elke , Witzke Oliver , Nitschke Martin , Kliem Volker , Zortel Max , Wagner Eva-Maria , Schwab Matthias , Hauser Ingeborg A. 
Published: April 2021

Background
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is amongst the most important factors complicating solid organ transplantation. In a large prospective randomized clinical trial, valganciclovir prophylaxis reduced the occurrence of CMV infection and disease compared with preemptive therapy in CMV-positive renal allograft recipients (VIPP study; NCT00372229). Here, we present a subanalysis of the VIPP study, investigating single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in immune-response-related genes and their association with active CMV infection, CMV disease, graft loss or death, rejection, infections, and leukopenia.

Methods
Based on literature research ten SNPs were analyzed for TLR4, three for IFN-γ, six for IL10, nine for IL37, and two for TNF-α. An asymptotic independence test (Cochran-Armitage trend test) was used to examine associations between SNPs and the occurrence of CMV infection or other negative outcomes. Statistical significance was defined as p<0.05 and Bonferroni correction for multiple testing was performed.

Results
SNPs were analyzed on 116 blood samples. No associations were found between the analyzed SNPs and the occurrence of CMV infection, rejection and leukopenia in all patients. For IL37 rs2723186, an association with CMV disease (p = 0.0499), for IL10 rs1800872, with graft loss or death (p = 0.0207) and for IL10 rs3024496, with infections (p = 0.0258) was observed in all patients, however did not hold true after correction for multiple testing.

Conclusion
The study did not reveal significant associations between the analyzed SNPs and the occurrence of negative outcomes in CMV-positive renal transplant recipients after correction for multiple testing. The results of this association analysis may be of use in guiding future research efforts.