bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional responses of fisheries to hydropower dams in the Amazonian Floodplain of the Madeira River
Authors: Arantes Caroline C. , Laufer Juliana , Pinto Mac David da Silva , Moran Emilio F. , Lopez Maria Claudia , Dutka‐Gianelli Jynessa , Pinto Danielle Mendonça , Chaudhari Suyog , Pokhrel Yadu , Doria Carolina R. C. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Tropical river fisheries support food security for millions of people but are increasingly threatened by hydropower development. How dams affect these fisheries remains poorly known in most regions. Here, we used a functional traits approach to evaluate the extent to which compositions of fishery yields in the Madeira River Basin, the largest sub‐basin in the Amazon, respond to dam construction. We also explored how dams affected the monetary value of yields and fishing‐based income of the communities.

We collected fishing data in 17 locations distributed over 300 km across upstream, reservoir and downstream zones during pre‐and post‐dam construction periods. We interviewed 711 fishers from 13 communities to assess fishing income during pre‐ and post‐dam periods.

Catch‐per‐unit effort (CPUE) declined significantly, that is, by 37%, after dam construction. Multivariate analysis yielded six species clusters according to trait syndromes related to life history, migration, swimming performance/habitat‐use and economic value that were associated with the environmental data characteristic of pre‐ and post‐dam periods. Comparison of CPUE of each cluster indicated that large species with periodic life‐history strategy and regional or long‐distance migratory behaviour were most affected by dam construction, with CPUE declining by, on average, 31%. Declines in yields and shifts in functional composition of the fishery yields resulted in average decline of 21% in the monetary value of functional clusters and 30% in fishing income.

Synthesis and applications. Our study indicates that the implementation of the dams affected the functional composition of yields and reduced catches, negatively affecting the fishing‐based income of communities in the Madeira River. These results imply that hydropower expansion will cause detrimental effects for fisheries and the livelihoods they sustain. Our results underscore the urgent need for considering alternative sources of renewable energy (e.g. solar power and in‐stream turbines) to avoid irreversible socio‐environmental damages of large dam projects. In river reaches where dams are already in operation or under construction, minimizing impacts will require improving operational protocols to reduce hydrological alterations and developing research and technology to improve the functionality of fish passages. In these locations, addressing losses in fishery value and fishing‐based income will also require the implementation of fair compensation measures. Maintaining fish production requires conserving flow pulses and free‐flowing rivers and tributaries critical for completing life cycles of fish species with vulnerable traits.
Gestational weight gain in twin gestations and pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lipworth H , Barrett JFR , Murphy KE , Redelmeier D , Melamed N 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundData on the association of inappropriate gestational weight gain (GWG) and adverse outcomes in twin pregnancies are limited and inconsistent.ObjectivesTo perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis on the association between GWG and adverse outcomes in twin pregnancies.Search strategyOvid, Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane Central databases from 1 January 1990 until 23 September 2020.Selection criteriaInterventional and observational studies evaluating the association between GWG and adverse outcomes in twin pregnancies.Data collection and analysisData were extracted by two independent reviewers. Summary odds ratios (OR) were calculated using a random‐effects model in a subset of studies that analysed GWG as a categorical variable in relation to the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations. The primary outcome was preterm birth.Main resultsFrom 277 citations, 19 studies involving 36 023 women with twin pregnancies were included in the qualitative analysis, of which 14 were included in the meta‐analysis. Overall, 56.8% of women experienced inappropriate GWG: 35.4% (95% CI 30.0–41.0%) gained weight below and 21.4% (95% CI 14.2–29.5%) gained weight above IOM recommendations. Compared with GWG within IOM guidelines, GWG below IOM guidelines was associated with preterm birth before 32 weeks of gestation (OR 3.38; 95% CI 2.05–5.58), and a reduction in the risk of pre‐eclampsia (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.48–0.97). GWG above IOM guidelines was associated with an increased risk of pre‐eclampsia that was consistent across all body mass index categories.ConclusionsInappropriate GWG affects over half of twin pregnancies, so is a common and potentially modifiable risk factor for preterm birth and pre‐eclampsia.
Risk of preterm birth in relation to history of preterm birth: a population‐based registry study of 213 335 women in Norway
Authors: Tingleff T , Vikanes Å , Räisänen S , Sandvik L , Murzakanova G , Laine K 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveTo assess the association between preterm first birth and preterm second birth according to gestational age and to determine the role of placental disorder in recurrent preterm birth.DesignPopulation‐based registry study.SettingMedical Birth Registry of Norway and Statistics Norway.PopulationWomen (n = 213 335) who gave birth to their first and second singleton child during 1999–2014 (total n = 426 670 births).MethodsMultivariate logistic regression analyses, adjusted for placental disorders, maternal, obstetric and socio‐economic factors.Main outcome measuresExtremely preterm (<28+0 weeks), very preterm (28+0–33+6 weeks) and late preterm (34+0–36+6 weeks) second birth.ResultsPreterm birth (<37 weeks) rates were 5.6% for first births and 3.7% for second births. Extremely preterm second births (0.2%) occurred most frequently among women with an extremely preterm first birth (aOR 12.90, 95% CI 7.47–22.29). Very preterm second births (0.7%) occurred most frequently after an extremely preterm birth (aOR 12.98, 95% CI 9.59–17.58). Late preterm second births (2.8%) occurred most frequently after a previous very preterm birth (aOR 6.86, 95% CI 6.11–7.70). Placental disorders contributed 30–40% of recurrent extremely and very preterm births and 10–20% of recurrent late preterm birth.ConclusionA previous preterm first birth was a major risk factor for a preterm second birth. The contribution of placental disorders was more pronounced for recurrent extremely and very preterm birth than for recurrent late preterm birth. Among women with any category of preterm first birth, more than one in six also had a preterm second birth (17.4%).Tweetable abstractPreterm first birth is a major risk factor for subsequent preterm birth, regardless of maternal, obstetric or fetal risk factors.
Impact of prefilter dilution on IgG removal in membrane‐based therapeutic plasma exchange
Authors: Cabral Paul , Kaplan Andre A. , Phachu Deep , Shah Mamta , Attique Hassan Bin , Elali Ibrahim 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionPrevious studies have demonstrated that a “one plasma volume exchange” would result in an estimated 63% decline in pretreatment IgG levels. We evaluated the use of prefilter dilution with normal saline as a method to prevent filter failure without decreasing the efficiency of IgG removal.MethodsTwenty‐one treatment sessions were analyzed and all received prefilter dilution with normal saline. Primary outcome was to determine whether prefilter dilution resulted in decreased treatment efficiency in removing the targeted IgG. Secondary outcome was filter failure in conjunction with the combined use of prefilter heparin and saline infusions.ResultsAll 21 treatments (100%) received prefilter dilution with saline solution and 19/21 (90.47%) also received prefilter heparin (bolus and/or hourly infusion). We demonstrated a 60%–70% decline in pretreatment IgG levels.ConclusionPrefilter dilution during membrane‐based therapeutic plasma exchange based treatment did not result in a demonstrable decrease in efficiency of IgG removal while maintaining filter patency.
Adiponectin alleviated Alzheimer‐like pathologies via autophagy‐lysosomal activation
Authors: He Kaiwu , Nie Lulin , Ali Tahir , Wang Shujin , Chen Xiao , Liu Zizhen , Li Weifen , Zhang Kaiqin , Xu Jia , Liu Jianjun , Yu Zhi‐Jian , Yang Xifei , Li Shupeng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAdiponectin (APN) deficiency has also been associated with Alzheimer‐like pathologies. Recent studies have illuminated the importance of APN signaling in reducing Aβ accumulation, and the Aβ elimination mechanism remains rudimentary. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the APN role in reducing Aβ accumulation and its associated abnormalities by targeting autophagy and lysosomal protein changes. To assess, we performed a combined pharmacological and genetic approach while using preclinical models and human samples. Our results demonstrated that the APN level significantly diminished in the plasma of patients with dementia and 5xFAD mice (6 months old), which positively correlated with Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), and negatively correlated with Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), respectively. APN deficiency accelerated cognitive impairment, Aβ deposition, and neuroinflammation in 5xFAD mice (5xFAD*APN KO), which was significantly rescued by AdipoRon (AR) treatment. Furthermore, AR treatment also markedly reduced Aβ deposition and attenuated neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 mice without altering APP expression and processing. Interestingly, AR treatment triggered autophagy by mediating AMPK‐mTOR pathway signaling. Most importantly, APN deficiency dysregulated lysosomal enzymes level, which was recovered by AR administration. We further validated these changes by proteomic analysis. These findings reveal that APN is the negative regulator of Aβ deposition and its associated pathophysiologies. To eliminate Aβ both extra‐ and intracellular deposition, APN contributes via the autophagic/lysosomal pathway. It presents a therapeutic avenue for AD therapy by targeting autophagic and lysosomal signaling.
Evidence that predator satiation drives reproductive synchrony in the desert masting grass, soft spinifex (Triodia pungens)
Authors: Wright Boyd R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe predator satiation (PS) hypothesis of masting holds that seeding periodicity among plant populations enhances seed survival by starving granivores during low‐output periods and satiating reduced consumer populations during mast (high‐output) years. Although well‐studied in the northern hemisphere and in New Zealand, the PS hypothesis has received scant research attention in Australia. This is despite vegetation communities across nearly half the continent being dominated by masting species subject to high levels of seed predation (e.g. mulga [Acacia aneura] shrublands and spinifex [Triodia spp.] grasslands). Here, phenological monitoring and experimental testing of the PS hypothesis in the desert masting grass Triodia pungens (soft spinifex) occurred over 10 years at Deep Well station, central Australia. Field evidence supported the hypothesis that masting enhances seed escape from predators, as mean proportion seed survival at experimental bait stations was significantly greater during mast years (0.38 in 2012 and 0.33 in 2017) than during inter‐mast years (0.01 in 2016 and 2018). The possibility that seed decay as opposed to consumption affected results was controlled for by a deterioration experiment that indicated no significant loss of seed viability after 6‐months burial. The results support the hypothesis that masting in T. pungens is an adaptive trait related to the satiation of seed predators. However, whether masting enhances seed escape because predators are satiated at higher seed densities (i.e. masting causes a predator functional response) and/or because frequent low‐output periods reduce predator populations and make satiation more likely (i.e. a numerical predator masting response), remains unresolved. Aside from T. pungens, there are numerous other plants of the Australian arid zone that experience high levels of granivory and display masting. Seed predation may be a more important selective force acting on arid Australian plant reproduction than previously thought.
Seasonal biology of the wheat sheath miner Cerodontha australis (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in perennial ryegrass in Waikato, New Zealand
Authors: Jensen Joanne G. , Popay Alison J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCerodontha australis Malloch (wheat sheath miner) is a leaf mining fly native to New Zealand and eastern Australia that feeds on grasses and cereals. It is thought to have limited economic impact despite being one of the most widespread and common insects in New Zealand pastures. In this study, data on C. australis were gathered over an 18‐month period from field plots of endophyte‐free Lolium perenne. Observations from pot trials on parasitism and other leaf miner species are also presented. Larval numbers were highest in late spring to early summer. One distinct peak per year of eggs and pupae indicated that this species may not be multivoltine, contradicting previous literature. Damage levels were high in spring/summer, with leaf mining in up to 53% of tillers sampled and, in mid‐summer, extending into the pseudostem in up to 41% of sampled tillers. Measurement of cephaloskeleton lengths confirmed that this species has three larval instars. Generally, only one larva per tiller survives to pupation, indicating density dependent regulation of populations, and larval/ pupal parasitism can reach high levels in summer. This study provides new information on the seasonal biology of C. australis, and its potential impact on L. perenne pastures in Waikato, New Zealand.
Time since fire influences macropod occurrence in a fire‐prone coastal ecosystem
Authors: Chard Matthew , Foster Claire N. , Lindenmayer David B. , Cary Geoffrey J. , MacGregor Christopher I. , Blanchard Wade 
Published: November 2021

AbstractKnowledge of animal responses to fire is fundamental to wildlife management in fire‐prone ecosystems. Fire can influence the occurrence of large herbivores by altering the structure and composition of vegetation. However, how fire affects herbivore occurrence in many ecosystems is poorly understood. Large herbivores may be attracted to burnt areas due to higher foraging quality. Conversely, herbivores may avoid burnt areas due to heightened predation risk. We tested the influence of vegetation type and fire history variables on the occurrence of macropods at Booderee National Park in south‐eastern Australia. We documented macropod occurrence at 107 long‐term monitoring sites using spotlighting surveys conducted between 2003 and 2019. We modelled relationships between the occurrence of the eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) and the swamp wallaby (Wallabia bicolor) with three fire history variables; time since fire, fire frequency and burn context (the proportion of the area surrounding each site that was recently burnt), as well as their interaction with vegetation type. We found both macropod species selected recently burnt sites, likely due to a higher abundance of preferred plants at these sites. Increasing fire frequency was associated with a reduced occurrence of the eastern grey kangaroo. The occurrence of both macropod species was significantly higher in forest sites, possibly reflecting higher foraging quality of grass and shrub species compared to woodland, heathland and shrubland sites. We suggest that if fire is used as a management tool, it is important to recognise potential feedbacks from increased foraging pressure from large herbivores. Future fire management will need to avoid burning areas of sensitive vegetation if local herbivores display pyric herbivory responses, and/or avoid small‐scale burns, which may concentrate foraging pressure.
Evaluation of the effect of calcium hydroxide paste on sealer penetration into dentinal tubules by confocal laser scanning microscopy
Authors: Kanmaz Fatma , Altunbaş Demet 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe study evaluated sealer penetration after calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) removal from the root canals. Sixty single‐rooted mandibular premolars were divided into six groups. Ca(OH)2 paste placed into the root canals except for the control group (CG) was removed using the following irrigation techniques: conventional needle irrigation (CNI), EndoActivator (EA), EndoVac (EV), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and photon‐induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) technique. After canal filling, the penetration depth, penetration area and penetration percentage of the sealer were determined using confocal microscopy. The CG and EA had a greater penetration depth than CNI in the middle section. The CG exhibited a higher dentinal tubule penetration area than CNI, EV and PUI in the middle section. EA was significantly more effective than PUI in the coronal section for the percentage of sealer penetration. EA and PIPS removed Ca(OH)2 from root canals effectively because they presented similar penetration to the CG in all sections.
A randomized study of the safety and pharmacokinetics of GSK3358699, a mononuclear myeloid‐targeted bromodomain and extra‐terminal domain inhibitor
Authors: Brown Jack A. , Bal Joanne , Simeoni Monica , Williams Peter , Mander Palwinder K. , Soden Peter E. , Daga Shruti , Fahy William A. , Wong Gabriel K. , Bloomer Jackie C. , Erwig Lars , Cui Yi , Fernando Disala , Carnaghan Helen , Banham‐Hall Edward J. , Hopkins Sarah , Davis Bill G. , Oliveira Joao J. D. , Prinjha Rabinder K. 
Published: November 2021

AimsGSK3358699 is a mononuclear myeloid‐targeted bromodomain and extra‐terminal domain (BET) family inhibitor which demonstrates immunomodulatory effects in vitro. This phase 1, randomized, first‐in‐human study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of GSK3358699 in healthy male participants (NCT03426995).MethodsPart A (N = 23) included three dose‐escalating periods of 1‐40 mg of GSK3358699 or placebo in two cohorts in a single ascending‐dose crossover design. Part C (N = 25) was planned as an initial dose of 10 mg of GSK3358699 or placebo daily for 14 days followed by selected doses in four sequential cohorts.ResultsIn part A, exposure to GSK3358699 and its metabolite GSK3206944 generally increased with increasing doses. The median initial half‐life ranged from 0.7 to 1.1 (GSK3358699) and 2.1 to 2.9 (GSK3206944) hours after a single dose of 1‐40 mg. GSK3206944 concentrations in monocytes were quantifiable at 1‐hour post‐dose following 10 mg of GSK3358699 and 1 and 4 hours post‐dose following 20‐40 mg. Mean predicted percentage inhibition of ex vivo lipopolysaccharide‐induced monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)‐1 reached 75% with 40 mg of GSK3358699. GSK3358699 did not inhibit interleukin (IL)‐6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF).The most common adverse event (AE) was headache. Four AEs of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia were observed across parts A and C. One serious AE of atrial fibrillation (part C) required hospitalization.ConclusionsSingle doses of GSK3358699 are generally well tolerated with significant metabolite concentrations detected in target cells. A complete assessment of pharmacodynamics was limited by assay variability. A causal relationship could not be excluded for cardiac‐related AEs, resulting in an inability to identify a suitable repeat‐dose regimen and study termination.
Meropenem pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients with or without burn treated with or without continuous veno‐venous haemofiltration
Authors: Selig Daniel J. , Akers Kevin S. , Chung Kevin K. , Pruskowski Kaitlin A. , Livezey Jeffrey R. , Por Elaine D. 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionSevere burn injury involves widespread skin and tissue damage leading to systemic inflammation, hypermetabolism and multi‐organ failure. The hypermetabolic phase of burn injury has been associated with increased systemic antibiotic clearance; however, critical illness in the absence of burn may also induce similar physiologic changes. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is often implemented in critically ill patients and may also affect antibiotic clearance. Although the pharmacokinetics (PK) of meropenem has been described in both the burn and non‐burn critically ill populations, direct comparative data is lacking.MethodsFor this study, we evaluated PK parameters of meropenem from 23 critically ill patients, burn or non‐burn, treated with or without continuous veno‐venous haemofiltration (CVVH) to determine the contribution of burn and CVVH to the variability of therapeutic meropenem levels.ResultsA two‐compartment model best described the data and revealed creatinine clearance (CrCl) and total burn surface area (TBSA) as significant covariates on clearance (CL) and peripheral volume of distribution (Vp), respectively. Of interest, non‐burn patients on CVVH displayed an overall lower inherent CL as compared to burn patients on CVVH (6.43 vs. 12.85 L/h). Probability of target attainment (PTA) simulations revealed augmented renal clearance (ARC) may necessitate dose adjustments, but TBSA and CVVH would not.ConclusionsWe recommend a standard dose of 1000 mg every 8 hours; however, if ARC is suspected, or the severity of illness requires a more stringent therapeutic target, we recommend a loading dose of 1000–2000 mg infused over 30 minutes to 1 hour followed by continuous infusion (3000–6000 mg over 24 hours), or intermittent infusion of 2000 mg every 8 hours.
What reduces prejudice in the real world? A meta‐analysis of prejudice reduction field experiments
Authors: Hsieh Wing , Faulkner Nicholas , Wickes Rebecca 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDespite advances to promote acceptance and equity in many countries, prejudice remains a significant social problem. Promoting intergroup harmony requires knowledge about what works to reduce prejudice in community settings. This meta‐analysis of field experiments reveals the most effective intervention types and conditions for reducing negative attitudes towards minority groups in real‐world settings. Across 69 intervention arms and 24,378 participants, results reveal that prejudice reduction interventions are effective at improving attitudes towards minority groups in real‐world settings (d = 0.51, 95% CI [0.33; 0.68]). The prediction interval was −0.90 to 1.92. In this case, the prediction interval was particularly wide because of the high degree of heterogeneity detected in effect size. Subgroup analyses indicate that less commonly explored approaches, such as perceived variability, may have larger effect sizes than contact‐based interventions. Still, more research is needed to confirm the effects of these less‐researched approaches. Additionally, results show that interventions are more effective for school and college cohorts than for adults, and that the effects of prejudice reduction interventions endure over time.