bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Avian antimicrobial peptides: in vitro and in ovo characterization and protection from early chick mortality caused by yolk sac infection
Authors: Nguyen Thuy Thi Thu , Allan Brenda , Wheler Colette , Köster Wolfgang , Gerdts Volker , Dar Arshud 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIncreasing antibiotic resistance is a matter of grave concern for consumers, public health authorities, farmers, and researchers. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are emerging as novel and effective non-antibiotic tools to combat infectious diseases in poultry. In this study, we evaluated six avian AMPs including 2 truncated cathelicidins, [CATH-1(6–26) and CATH-2(1–15)], and 4 avian β-defensins (ABD1, 2, 6 and 9) for their bactericidal and immunomodulatory activities. Our findings have shown CATH-1(6–26) and ABD1 being the two most potent avian AMPs effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria investigated in these studies. Moreover, CATH-1(6–26) inhibited LPS-induced NO production and exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity to HD11 cells. While, ABD1 blocked LPS-induced IL-1β gene induction and was non-toxic to HD11 cells. Importantly, in ovo administration of these AMPs demonstrated that ABD1 can offer significant protection from early chick mortality (44% less mortality in ABD1 treated group versus the control group) due to the experimental yolk sac infection caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. Our data suggest that in ovo administration of ABD1 has immunomodulatory and anti-infection activity comparable with CpG ODN. Thus, ABD1 can be a significant addition to potential alternatives to antibiotics for the control of bacterial infections in young chicks.
Pathways to plant domestication in Southeast Anatolia based on new data from aceramic Neolithic Gusir Höyük
Authors: Kabukcu Ceren , Asouti Eleni , Pöllath Nadja , Peters Joris , Karul Necmi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSoutheast Anatolia is home to some of the earliest and most spectacular Neolithic sites associated with the beginning of cultivation and herding in the Old World. In this article we present new archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological data from Gusir Höyük, an aceramic Neolithic habitation dating to the 12th-late 11th millennia cal BP. Our results show selective use of legume crop progenitors and nuts during the earlier part of this period, followed by the management of cereal and legume crop progenitors from the mid-11th millennium cal BP. This contrasts with data available from other Anatolian habitations indicating broad spectrum plant use with low crop progenitor inputs. Early aceramic Neolithic Anatolian plant and animal exploitation strategies were site-specific, reflecting distinctive identities and culinary choices rather than environmental constraints. A multivariate evaluation of wheat grain metrics alongside botanical and radiometric data indicate that early wheat domestication in southeast Anatolia occurred at a faster pace than predicted by current hypotheses for a protracted transition to farming in Southwest Asia. We argue that this phenomenon is best explained as a corollary of the increasing importance of cereals in feasting at southeast Anatolian sites characterised by increasing architectural complexity and elaboration during the 11th millennium cal BP.
AAV1 is the optimal viral vector for optogenetic experiments in pigeons (Columba livia)
Authors: Rook Noemi , Tuff John Michael , Isparta Sevim , Masseck Olivia Andrea , Herlitze Stefan , Güntürkün Onur , Pusch Roland 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlthough optogenetics has revolutionized rodent neuroscience, it is still rarely used in other model organisms as the efficiencies of viral gene transfer differ between species and comprehensive viral transduction studies are rare. However, for comparative research, birds offer valuable model organisms as they have excellent visual and cognitive capabilities. Therefore, the following study establishes optogenetics in pigeons on histological, physiological, and behavioral levels. We show that AAV1 is the most efficient viral vector in various brain regions and leads to extensive anterograde and retrograde ChR2 expression when combined with the CAG promoter. Furthermore, transient optical stimulation of ChR2 expressing cells in the entopallium decreases pigeons’ contrast sensitivity during a grayscale discrimination task. This finding demonstrates causal evidence for the involvement of the entopallium in contrast perception as well as a proof of principle for optogenetics in pigeons and provides the groundwork for various other methods that rely on viral gene transfer in birds.
The expression of YWHAZ and NDRG1 predicts aggressive outcome in human prostate cancer
Authors: Lage-Vickers Sofia , Bizzotto Juan , Valacco Maria Pia , Sanchis Pablo , Nemirovsky Sergio , Labanca Estefania , Scorticati Carlos , Mazza Osvaldo , Mitrofanova Antonina , Navone Nora , Vazquez Elba , Cotignola Javier , Gueron Geraldine 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSome prostate cancers (PCas) are histo-pathologically grouped within the same Gleason Grade (GG), but can differ significantly in outcome. Herein, we aimed at identifying molecular biomarkers that could improve risk prediction in PCa. LC ESI–MS/MS was performed on human PCa and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissues and peptide data was integrated with omic analyses. We identified high YWHAZ and NDRG1 expression to be associated with poor PCa prognosis considering all Gleason scores (GS). YWHAZ and NDRG1 defined two subpopulations of PCa patients with high and intermediate risk of death. Multivariable analyses confirmed their independence from GS. ROC analysis unveiled that YWHAZ outperformed GS beyond 60 months post-diagnosis. The genomic analysis of PCa patients with YWHAZ amplification, or increased mRNA or protein levels, revealed significant alterations in key DNA repair genes. We hereby state the relevance of YWHAZ in PCa, showcasing its role as an independent strong predictor of aggressiveness.
Infrared characterization of formation and resonance stabilization of the Criegee intermediate methyl vinyl ketone oxide
Authors: Chung Chen-An , Lee Yuan-Pern 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMethyl vinyl ketone oxide (MVKO) is an important Criegee intermediate in the ozonolysis of isoprene. MVKO is resonance stabilized by its allyl moiety, but no spectral characterization of this stabilization was reported to date. In this study, we photolyzed a mixture of 1,3-diiodo-but-2-ene and O2 to produce MVKO and characterized the syn-trans-MVKO, and tentatively syn-cis-MVKO, with transient infrared spectra recorded using a step-scan Fourier-transform spectrometer. The O‒O stretching band at 948 cm−1 of syn-trans-MVKO is much greater than the corresponding bands of syn-CH3CHOO and (CH3)2COO Criegee intermediates at 871 and 887 cm−1, respectively, confirming a stronger O‒O bond due to resonance stabilization. We observed also iodoalkenyl radical C2H3C(CH3)I upon photolysis of the precursor to confirm the fission of the terminal allylic C‒I bond rather than the central vinylic C‒I bond of the precursor upon photolysis. At high pressure, the adduct C2H3C(CH3)IOO was also observed. The reaction mechanism is characterized.
The best place and time to live in the Milky Way
Authors: Spinelli R. , Ghirlanda G. , Haardt F. , Ghisellini G. , Scuderi G. 
Published: January 2021

Context.Counted among the most powerful cosmic events, supernovae (SNe) andγ-ray bursts (GRBs) can be highly disruptive for life: Their radiation can be harmful for biota or induce extinction by removing most of the protective atmospheric ozone layer from terrestrial planets (TPs). Nearby high-energy transient astrophysical events have been proposed as possible triggers of mass extinctions on Earth.Aims.We assess the habitability of the Milky Way (MW) throughout its cosmic history against potentially disruptive astrophysical transients with the aim of identifying the safest places and epochs within our Galaxy. We also test the hypothesis that one long GRB played a leading role in the late Ordovician mass-extinction event (∼445 Myr ago).Methods.We characterised the habitability of the MW throughout its cosmic history as a function of galactocentric distance of TPs. We estimated the dangerous effects of transient astrophysical events (long and short GRBs and SNe) with a model that connects their rate to the specific star formation and metallicity evolution within the Galaxy throughout its cosmic history. Our model also accounts for the probability that TPs form around FGK and M stars.Results.Until about six billion years ago, the outskirts of the Galaxy were the safest places to live, despite the relatively low density of TPs. In the last about four billion years, regions between 2 and 8 kpc from the center, which had a higher density of TPs, became the best places for a relatively safer biotic life growth. We confirm the hypothesis that one long GRB played a leading role in the late Ordovician mass-extinction event. In the last 500 Myr, the safest neighborhood in the Galaxy was a region at a distance of 2 to 8 kpc from the Galactic center, whereas the MW outskirts were sterilized by two to five long GRBs.
Impact of COVID-19 on Dental Education
Authors: Madiyal Ananya , Bhat Supriya , Babu G. Subhas , Achalli Sonika 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWith the closure of educational institutions across the world, didactic education has come to a stop from the level of primary education up to the level of professional training. Due to the discovery of a high viral load in saliva, dental schools have been considered as a hub of potential disease transmission. Students have reported anxiety over their safety, availability of learning resources, and retaining their efficiency of patient care after dental schools open. Administrators and educators are scrambling to ensure an effective learning experience while retaining the flexibility to adapt to new challenges. Ensuring a uniform grading system for year-end examinations, exit, and entrance examinations will help young professionals retain their career momentum. Problem-based learning, case-based and team-based learning, objective structured clinical examinations, and flipped classrooms are some of the methods that can be used to continue e-learning among dental students while we learn to live in this “new normal” situation.
Education, Aspiration and aage badhna: The Role of Schooling in Facilitating ‘Forward Movement’ in Rural Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Dost Arshima Champa , Froerer Peggy 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article explores the role of education in marginalised young people’s aspirations for aage badhna (forward movement). Drawing on ethnographic research in rural Chhattisgarh, central India, we show how young people’s orientations toward a desired future remain anchored in education, even when possibilities for education-related forward movement become unattainable. The way in which aspirations are translated into locally viable outcomes, we suggest, is inextricably linked to the structural limitations that prevent access to education’s more expansive opportunities and that underpin the possibility of falling behind. Focusing on how young people and their parents navigate this tension, we examine their attachment to the idea that education is necessary to get ahead, even as they fail to access its promised benefits. We suggest that a relational approach is critical to this understanding and argue that the way in which young people frame (and reframe) their aspirations must be understood in relation to both peers and parents, but also in relation to the central role that education plays in viable alternative pathways.
The economic argument for hiring people with disabilities
Authors: Aichner Thomas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe question of whether people with disabilities should be hired as employees can be considered from three different perspectives: moral, legal, and economic. From a moral point of view, the question can clearly be answered in the affirmative. After all, respect and charity are among the most important cultural and religious values of our society. If a company does not face up to this moral obligation, the company’s image suffers and there may be social consequences that can result in negative word-of-mouth and lower sales. The legal situation differs between countries but is usually relatively simple and straightforward. In Italy, for example, companies with 15 to 35 employees must employ one person with a disability. For larger companies with 36 to 50 employees, this figure rises to two and with more than 51 employees, a total of 7% of all employees must be disabled. If a company does not comply with this quota system, fines will be imposed. This article deals with the third aspect, which for many companies is most important: the economic one. The central question is whether and under what conditions an employee with a disability can perform just as well or even better than a non-disabled colleague and therefore contribute to the economic success of a business. With a number of examples from research and practice, it is illustrated that economic reasons—in addition to moral arguments and legal obligations—also speak in favor of hiring disabled employees.
Negator turned intersubjective speech-act adverbial
Authors: Lau Seng-hian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the non-negating negatorm̄in Taiwanese. With respect to its function, this study argues that it is neither an intensifier nor a rhetorical marker. Furthermore, contrary to prevalent intuition, the combinationm̄-tōis not parallel to the ostensible cognatebújiùin Mandarin Chinese. Instead, the non-negatingm̄is an intersubjective speech-act adverbial affix attaching to the head of FocP (realized astōortsiah) that takes scope over whatever follows. Typologically, this study uncovers another use of non-negating negation in natural languages, and consequently challenges the enterprise pursuing a unified analysis for the phenomena of the so-called expletive negation.
Reception, translation and cultural context
Authors: Broden Thomas F. 
Published: January 2021

SummaryThe initiatives to publish an English translation of the influentialSémantique structurale(1966) by linguist and semiotician A. J. Greimas (1917–1992) provide an instructive case study for the reception of a work in new contexts. The efforts underscore the importance of (dis)connections between cultures’ intellectual traditions and trends, putting in play the relations between continental and American linguistic structuralism, generative semantics, cognitive linguistics, and “French” (post)structuralism throughout the human sciences. The projects also point up the significance of timing and of standards for translation quality – and the possibilities for controversy. In addition to published research, this study draws from archival documents and personal communications with Greimas, his translators and editors, and other principals involved.
Percolation thresholds for robust network connectivity
Authors: Mohseni-Kabir Arman , Pant Mihir , Towsley Don , Guha Saikat , Swami Ananthram 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Communication networks, power grids, and transportation networks are all examples of networks whose performance depends on reliable connectivity of their underlying network components even in the presence of usual network dynamics due to mobility, node or edge failures, and varying traffic loads. Percolation theory quantifies the threshold value of a local control parameter such as a node occupation (resp., deletion) probability or an edge activation (resp., removal) probability above (resp., below) which there exists a giant connected component (GCC), a connected component comprising of a number of occupied nodes and active edges whose size is proportional to the size of the network itself. Any pair of occupied nodes in the GCC is connected via at least one path comprised of active edges and occupied nodes. The mere existence of the GCC itself does not guarantee that the long-range connectivity would be robust, e.g. to random link or node failures due to network dynamics. In this paper, we explore new percolation thresholds that guarantee not only spanning network connectivity, but also robustness. We define and analyze four measures of robust network connectivity, explore their interrelationships, and numerically evaluate the respective robust percolation thresholds for the 2D square lattice.
Effects of soapmaking process on soap stability with dragon fruit peels extract
Authors: Purwanto M , Yulianti E S , Nurfauzi I N , Winarni  
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This research aims to know the effects of extract composition on the solid soap properties (i.e. pH and hardness). The extract composition and reaction time were varied at 1 to 1.5 wt.% and 20 to 40 minutes, respectively. The red dragon fruit peels (Hylocereus polyrhizus) extract was obtained by maceration method followed by evaporation process, in order to remove the remaining ethanol (EtOH). The solid soap is made by reacting Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and several additives. The results showed that the prepared solid soaps contain pH (8.29 – 10), hardness (55.763 – 380.167 mm/s). It indicates that solid soap with reaction time 20 minutes with 1.5 wt.% extract has the best stability among all the formed soaps.
Analysis of Mathematical Model on Impact of Unemployment Growth to Crime Rates
Authors: Soemarsono A R , Fitria I , Nugraheni K , Hanifa N 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Unemployment is a condition describes a person doesn’t have a job. People who are available to work but they’ve not found a job is called unemployed. The high unemployment rate is due to the growth of new workforce that is greater than the growth of job openings. The high unemployment rate triggered an increase in crime. Efforts to lower the criminality figures caused by high unemployment are closely related to government policy. The provision of control of government policy is applied to mathematical models of unemployment growth. The impact of unemployment growth against the crime rate can be identified by constructing a new model. Construction of models was done through the addition of a variable described the number of criminals into the initial model of unemployment that has been given control. Stability analysis of the construction of new models is done using Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion. Based on the results of the stability analysis, it is presented that the mathematical model on impact of unemployment growth to crime rates is an asymptotically stable model with the conditions of the parameters fulfilled.
Improving the quality of pipeline insulation with high-density Calcium Silicate material
Authors: Sulardi  , El-Ridlo N K 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The problem currently being faced is the occurrence of pipe leakage due to corrosion under insulation. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the specifications and ways of applying high-density calcium silicate insulation material as a substitute for rock wool mineral insulation material that has been used since the beginning of the refinery construction. This research method used the application research method with the case study approach method, which is a case study of pipe leakage problems due to corrosion under insulation. The results showed that the emergence of corrosion problems under insulation was due to rock wool mineral material storing and depositing water in the insulation. The observations also showed that after the insulation was replaced, the temperature of the steam fluid in the piping increased by 9-14°C and the results of observation through widow inspection revealed that the calcium silicate condition remained dry and the piping condition did not indicate corrosion. The results of this study indicated that high-density calcium silicate material was suitable and also recommends corrosion control under insulation by replacing rock wool mineral material into high-density calcium silicate.
Stiff, strong and tough laminated glasses with bio-inspired designs
Authors: Yin Zhen , Barthelat Francois 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Glass is an attractive material with outstanding transparency, hardness, durability and chemical stability. However, the inherent brittleness and low toughness of glass limit its applications. Overcoming the brittleness of glass will help satisfy the rapidly increasing demands of glass in building materials, optical devices, electronics and photovoltaic systems, but it has been a challenge to create glass that is stiff, strong and tough while maintaining its transparency. In this study we explore how the basic design of laminated glass can be enriched with bio-inspired architectures generated with laser engraving. We assess the performance of designs based on continuous plies (90° cross plies, Bouligand), finite glass blocks (segmented Bouligand, nacre-like brick-and-mortar) and hybrid designs. It shows that simultaneous improvements of stiffness, strength and energy absorption upon continuous ply designs can be achieved by promoting delocalized shearing of the polymeric interlayer over brittle fracture of the glass building blocks, and by only placing enriched architectures under tensile deformation so that interlayer shearing can be realized. This principle can be realized simply by adjusting size and arrangement of the building blocks, and by combining continuous plain layers with architectured layers.
A meta-analysis of the relationship between companies’ greenhouse gas emissions and financial performance
Authors: Galama Jan Taeke , Scholtens Bert 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We study how the business and economics literature investigates how companies’ greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions relate to their financial performance. To this extent, we undertake a meta-analysis to help us gauge the role of using highly different constructs and measurement techniques employed in this literature. Our study includes 74 effect sizes from 34 studies, covering 107 605 observations for the period 1997–2019. We establish a significant association between corporate GHG emissions and financial performance. It shows that companies with lower emissions have better financial performance. We find that the type of emission or financial performance indicator is not significant. The industry to which the firms in the sample studies belong does seems to matter slightly. We further establish that the relationship between GHG emissions and financial performance is especially pronounced for firms operating in countries with the most stringent carbon policies.
A review of measuring ecosystem resilience to disturbance
Authors: Yi Chuixiang , Jackson Nathan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Resilience is the central concept for understanding how an ecosystem responds to a strong perturbation, and is related to other concepts used to analyze system properties in the face of change such as resistance, recovery, sustainability, vulnerability, stability, adaptive capacity, regime shift, and tipping point. It is extremely challenging to formulate resilience thinking into practice. The current state-of-art approaches of assessing ecosystem resilience may be useful for policy makers and ecosystem resource managers to minimize climatological or natural disaster related impacts. Here, we review the methods of assessing resilience and classify and limit them to three cases: (a) forest resilience based mainly on remote sensing and tree-ring data; (b) soil microbial community resilience based on laboratory and field studies; and (c) hydrological resilience of terrestrial biomes based on the Budyko framework and climate data.