bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in the Mortality of Biliary Tract Cancers Based on Their Anatomical Site in the United States From 2009 to 2018
Authors: Kim Donghee , Konyn Peter , Cholankeril George , Bonham Clark Andrew , Ahmed Aijaz 
Published: February 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Recent trends in the incidence and mortality of biliary tract cancers are unknown. We estimated the trends in biliary tract cancers–related incidence and mortality stratified by anatomical site, age, sex, and race/ethnicity in the US adults.

METHODS:
We performed a population-based trend analysis using the US national incidence (2009–2017) and mortality records (2009–2018). We identified age-standardized incidence and mortality from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder cancer, and ampulla of Vater cancer using appropriate ICD-10 code. Temporal mortality was calculated by joinpoint trend analysis with estimates of annual percentage change (APC) described as each trend segment.

RESULTS:
The incidence rates of ICC increased linearly (APC 8.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.8%–10.0%) while gallbladder cancer-related incidence rates remained stable early and decreased significantly later in the study (APC −2.8%, 95% CI −5.5% to −0.0% [2014–2017]). Age-standardized mortality from biliary tract cancers steadily increased with an annual increase of 2.0% (95% CI 1.6%–2.3%). Although there was a linear increase in the ICC-related mortality (APC 3.5%, 95% CI 3.1%–3.8%), extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma–related mortality tended to remain stable earlier and increased later (APC 7.0%, 95% CI 4.6%–9.5% [2013–2018]). By contrast, gallbladder cancer–related mortality steadily decreased over 10 years (APC −1.6%, 95% CI −2.1% to −1.1%). Significant differences in mortality and changes in trends over time were observed in non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanics, and non-Hispanic Asians.

DISCUSSION:
In this analysis of nationally representative data, changing mortality trends in various biliary tract cancers was noted with a disproportionately higher burden of fatality in minorities.
Do Not Skip the Retroflexion: A Case of Disseminated Anorectal Mucosal Melanoma
Authors: Chittajallu Vibhu , Simons-Linares Carlos Roberto , Oshilaja Olaronke , Chahal Prabhleen 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Less than 4% of melanomas are of mucosal origin, with primary anorectal mucosal melanomas comprising a small subset. Mucosal melanomas are often diagnosed at an advanced stage due to delay in patient presentation and obscured tumor origins leading to a more aggressive behavior and less favorable prognosis when compared with cutaneous melanomas. We present a case of metastatic anorectal mucosal melanoma with a negative colonoscopy 1 year earlier.
No Effect in Alcoholic Hepatitis of Gut-Selective, Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics on Bacterial Translocation or Hepatic and Systemic Inflammation
Authors: Støy Sidsel , Laursen Tea Lund , Eriksen Lotte Lindgreen , Grønbæk Henning , Vilstrup Hendrik , Sandahl Thomas Damgaard 
Published: February 2021

INTRODUCTION:
In alcoholic hepatitis (AH), translocation of gut bacteria may drive hepatic macrophage activation and systemic inflammation. We investigated the effect of oral non-absorbable, broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment on bacterial translocation and liver and systemic inflammation in AH.

METHODS:
We consecutively recruited 31 patients with AH. Fourteen were given vancomycin 500 mg, gentamycin 40 mg, and meropenem 500 mg once daily for 7 days. Seventeen patients were a reference group receiving standard-of-care. Circulating markers of bacterial translocation and inflammation were measured at baseline, by day 7 and 90. Gut bacteriome profiling was performed before the intervention and at day 7.

RESULTS:
At study entry, blood lipopolysaccharide-binding protein was multifold higher than normal, remained unchanged at day 7, but decreased at day 90 (P < 0.001) with no difference between the study groups. The macrophage activation markers sCD163 and sCD206 showed the same pattern (P < 0.001, day 90), still without group differences. The systemic inflammation markers tumor necrosis factor—alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-10 showed similar dynamics without group differences. There was no difference in 90-day mortality (total of 6 deaths) between the groups. The remnant gut bacteriome was markedly diversified by the intervention with growth of bacterial species rare for human flora.

DISCUSSION:
In patients with AH, gut-targeted antibiotic treatment does not change markers of bacterial translocation and liver and systemic inflammation. This suggests that bacterial translocation is less important once the inflammatory process is established or that bacteriome reduction is less important than composition.

JOURNAL/cltg/04.03/01720094-202102000-00001/inline-graphic1/v/2023-10-30T212951Z/r/image-tiff
Catch-up and Convergence: Mechanism Design for Economic Development
Authors: Gottinger Hans W. 
Published: February 2021

A globalization process can be conceived as an evolving distributed algorithmic mechanism design (DAMD) that induces technology racing with natural catch-up processes of regional or country-wide competition.
We describe the architecture of DAMD as the basis for development economics that lead to natural ongoing shifts in industrial performance and catch-up development. The link between implementation of DAMD and a dynamic system of country-wide industrial evolution is essential for understanding the diverse pattern of inter-country or inter-regional competition.
By selectively reviewing a cross section of the catch-up literature on economic growth it is shown which essential elements of long-run sustainable growth dominate to achieve superior performance and why informationally efficient mechanism design of the Hayek-Hurwicz type is a superior vehicle for industry based economic growth in a globalized economy.
Effect of Sales Promotion on Consumers Towards Fast-Moving Consumer Goods in Al-Dakhliyah Governorate.
Authors: Al Riyami Moosa 
Published: February 2021

The importance of consumer sales promotion in the marketing mix of the fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) category throughout the world has increased. Companies spend considerable time in planning such activities. However, there are few studies conducted in the Middle East to find out effectiveness of promotions. This aims to investigate consumer’s perceptions regarding sales promotion. Results indicate that there is a moderate correlation between consumers’ expectations and sales promotion in Al-Dakhliyah Governorate.
THE EFFECT OF FINANCIAL LITERATION IMPLEMENTATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT IN MIDDLE SMALL MICRO ENTERPRISES IN TOMOHON CITY
Authors: Untu Victoria N. 
Published: February 2021

The research that will be carried out by the team refers to one of the Higher Education Research Master Plans, in this case Sam Ratulangi University, which is about matters related to the social, humanities and culture fields, with the topic of increasing the competitiveness of MSMEs and cooperatives. In this 21st century, the ability to manage money and finances effectively is becoming increasingly important, not only for professionals but for everyone who is responsible for managing financial affairs in everyday life. This ability is included in the term financial literacy. Financial literacy is not limited to understanding knowledge, skills and beliefs of existing financial institutions, products and services, but attitudes and behavior also have an influence in increasing financial literacy for the realization of public welfare. This study aims to determine how much influence the implementation of financial literacy has on financial management for MSME actors in Tomohon City. As for the sample in this study are the 70 micro, small and medium enterprises in Tomohon city. The final result or output of this research is in the form of a study on the implementation of good financial literacy in financial management performance in micro, small and medium enterprises in Tomohon city In addition, what is also the outcome of this research is the publication of National and International Journals.
Keywords: financial literacy, financial management, MSMEs
THE BASIC COMPETENCES CAN BE DEVELOPED THROUGH THE DUAL MODALITY IN A HIGH VULNERABILITY PROFESSIONAL TECHNICAL LICENSE
Authors: Tomé José Manuel Salum 
Published: February 2021

In the context of Professional Technical Education, Dual Modality has been a commitment of the Chilean Ministry of Education to improve Professional Technical training in High School. The change has involved a curricular innovation around the development of basic competences where, in addition to the teacher and the traditional classroom, other agents and other scenarios that share the work of teaching concur. In this context, the research consigned, according to its objectives and methodological formulation, describes the characteristics of the Dual Professional Technical training of the Administration specialty of the Monseñor Guillermo Carlos Hartl Educational Complex of the Pitrufquén commune , in Chile . It is intended to investigate the effectiveness of the integrated curriculum through the assessment of achievement of the basic competencies of students who are in the 4th Middle Year of said specialty (with Dual mode), in direct relation to the required graduate and professional profile and in contrast, with that of students of the specialty of "Electricity", without the Dual Modality.
Playing stories?
Authors: Bodi Bettina , Thon Jan-Noël 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDrawing on Janet Murray (1997), Katie Salen and Eric Zimmerman (2004), and other previous proposals, this article conceptualizes player agency as the possibility space for “meaningful” choice expressed via player action that translates into avatar action, afforded and constrained by a videogame’s design. It further distinguishes between four core dimensions of agency thus conceptualized: First,spatial-explorative agencyis afforded by those elements of a videogame’s design that determine the player’s ability to navigate and traverse the game spaces via their avatar. Second,temporal-ergodic agencyis afforded by those elements of a videogame’s design that determine the player’s options for interacting with the videogame as a temporal system. Third,configurative-constructive agencyis afforded by those elements of a videogame’s design that allow the player to configure their avatar and/or (re)construct the game spaces. Fourth,narrative-dramatic agencyis afforded by those elements of a videogame’s design that determine the player’s “meaningful” impact on the unfolding story. The article then moves on to analyze two case studies of independently developed videogames: ZA/UM’s role-playing gameDisco Elysium(2019), whose complex nonlinear narrative structure primarily affords configurative and narrative agency, and System Era Softworks’s sandbox adventure gameAstroneer(2019), whose procedurally generated game spaces and “open” game mechanics primarily afford explorative, constructive, and dramatic agency.
The shapes of stories: A “resonator” model of plot structure
Authors: Brown Steven , Tu Carmen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPlots have been described as having shapes based on the changes in tension that occur across a story. We present here a model of plot shape that is predicated on the alternating rises and falls in the protagonist’s emotional state. The basic tenet of the model is that, once the emotional valence of the beginning and ending of a story has been specified, then the internal phases of the story are constrained to connect these endpoints by oscillating between emotional rises and falls in a wavelike manner. This makes plot structure akin to a musical resonator – such as a flute – which can only conduct sound waves of certain discrete shapes depending on the structure of the tube’s endpoints. Using this metaphor, we describe four fundamental plot-shapes based on a 2 x 2 crossing of the emotional valence of a story’s beginning (happy beginning vs. sad beginning) and ending (happy ending vs. sad ending).
COL1A1, COL4A3, TIMP2 and TGFB1 polymorphisms in cervical insufficiency
Authors: Alves Ana Paula V. D. , Freitas Amanda B. , Levi José Eduardo , Amorim Filho Antonio G. , Franco Lucas A. M. , Hoshida Mara Sandra , Patiño Elizabeth G. , Francisco Rossana P. V. , Carvalho Mario Henrique B. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the association between selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with cervical insufficiency and its relationship with obstetric history.

Methods
Twenty-eight women with cervical insufficiency (case group) and 29 non-pregnant women (control group) were included. The SNPs sequenced included rs2586490 in collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1), rs1882435 in collagen type IV alpha 3 chain (COL4A3), rs2277698 in metallopeptidase inhibitor 2 (TIMP2), and rs1800468 in transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1).

Results
We found a higher frequency of the normal allele in the control group (65.5%) and the homozygous mutated genotype in the case group (64.3%) for rs2586490 in COL1A1 (p=0.023). An unplanned finding in the cervical insufficiency group was a higher gestational age of delivery (median≥38 weeks) in the mutated allele than in the wild-type genotype (median of 28.2 weeks) for rs2857396, which is also in the COL1A1 gene (p=0.011).

Conclusions
The findings of the present study corroborate the hypothesis that cervical insufficiency has a genetic component and probably involves genes encoding proteins in the extracellular matrix, in addition to inflammatory processes.
Present trends in the encapsulation of anticancer drugs
Authors: Montané Xavier , Matulewicz Karolina , Balik Karolina , Modrakowska Paulina , Łuczak Marcin , Pérez Pacheco Yaride , Reig-Vano Belen , Montornés Josep M. , Bajek Anna , Tylkowski Bartosz 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDifferent nanomedicine devices that were developed during the recent years can be suitable candidates for their application in the treatment of various deadly diseases such as cancer. From all the explored devices, the nanoencapsulation of several anticancer medicines is a very promising approach to overcome some drawbacks of traditional medicines: administered dose of the drugs, drug toxicity, low solubility of drugs, uncontrolled drug delivery, resistance offered by the physiological barriers in the body to drugs, among others. In this chapter, the most important and recent progress in the encapsulation of anticancer medicines is examined: methods of preparation of distinct nanoparticles (inorganic nanoparticles, dendrimers, biopolymeric nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, liposomes, polymersomes, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, and hybrid nanoparticles), drug loading and drug release mechanisms. Furthermore, the possible applications in cancer prevention, diagnosis, and cancer therapy of some of these nanoparticles have been highlighted.
Observations on Rubberized Concrete Behavior
Authors: Eldin NN , Senouci AB 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
As a possible solution to the problem of scrap-tire disposal, an experimental study was conducted to examine the potential use of tire chips and crumb rubber as aggregate substitutes in portland-cement concrete mixes. In this study, strength, durability, and toughness as well as workability, unit weight, and volume change were examined. Rubberized concrete was found to possess acceptable workability and a smaller unit weight than plain concrete. Volume change of rubberized concrete specimens containing 38, 25, and 19-mm rubber aggregates was found to be larger than that of plain concrete. Rubberized concrete specimens exhibited lower compressive and splitting-tensile strength than did plain concrete specimens. However, rubberized concrete did not demonstrate a brittle failure, but rather a ductile, plastic failure, and had the ability to absorb a large amount of plastic energy under compressive and tensile loads. A mathematical model is used to describe quantitatively the effects of rubber aggregates on the compressive and splitting-tensile strength reduction of concrete.
Perspectiva de género y formación docente en tiempos de cambios (Córdoba, Argentina)
Authors: Páez Florencia María 
Published: February 2021

El trabajo comparte algunos resultados surgidos al indagar sobre la presencia/ausencia de la perspectiva de género en los profesorados de la Universidad Provincial de Córdoba. Fueron seleccionados el Profesorado en Educación Física y el Profesorado en Danza, con el fin de caracterizar los procesos de cambios/resistencias en la relación entre formación docente y perspectiva de género en el contexto actual de intensos debates desde este enfoque en Argentina. La estrategia metodológica supuso el análisis documental de los programas curriculares y, desde un enfoque cualitativo, entrevistas con docentes y grupos focales con estudiantes. El análisis de los programas muestra que el enfoque de género aparece representado en porcentajes bajos. Sin embargo, en los diálogos con estudiantes y docentes puede advertirse su presencia en las experiencias áulicas, siendo la Formación Específica y la Práctica Docente las áreas donde mayores desafíos presentan en su inclusión. La inserción de la perspectiva de género es urgente en la formación docente.
Vanillin conversion by aldol condensation using hydrotalcite Mg-Al and modified-Y zeolite as heterogeneous catalysts
Authors: Thai Nguyen Thi , Thu Nguyen Thi Minh 
Published: February 2021

Mg-Alhydrotalcite, MgO-Al2O3 mixed oxides and modified-Y zeolite (sulfated Y zeolite and copper ion-exchanged Y zeolite) were prepared and characterized by XRD, EDX and XRF techniques. These materials were used as heterogeneous catalysts in aldol condensation of vanillin and acetone.The obtained results showed that the heterogeneous acid catalysts as modified-Y zeolites were more effective than the heterogeneous base catalysts as hydrotalcite Mg-Al and MgO-Al2O3 mixed oxides in aldol condensation reaction of vanillin. The highest conversion of vanillin was 95.5% when the reaction was carried out at 120oC in 5 hours, using sulfated Y zeolite.
“Incidentalormones” - Macro-hormones
Authors: De Oliveira Andrade Luis Jesuino , Matos de Oliveira Gabriela Correia 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Complexes of monomeric hormone molecules immunoglobulin-associated lead to the formation of macro-complexes biologically inactive that are called macro-hormones. Patients’ presenting unexpectedly elevated hormones values indicates the need that the existence of macro-hormones must be researched.
Objective: To describe the macro-hormones discovered incidentally in laboratory tests, which we refer to as "incidentalormones".
Methods: An integrative review was conducted, and data was gathered from the published articles in medical database. The different forms of macro-hormones are reviewed; the biochemical significance and laboratory assays of macro-hormones are also revised within the ambit of current laboratory medicine. We discussed diagnostic difficulty encountered in patients with "incidentalormones”, as well as methods of macro-hormone detection, immunoglobulin involved, clinical significance and associations with other diseases.
Conclusion: The presence of macro-hormones, often guides us to intervention in laboratory trials, and could result in false-positive diagnosis with inadequate therapy. Laboratories should follow a diagnostic algorithm to carefully recognize and examine possible immunoassay interferences.
Vacinação para influenza em idosos na pandemia COVID-19: estudo de base populacional em 133 cidades brasileiras
Authors: Menezes Ana Maria B , Curi Hallal Pedro , Freitas Silveira Mariângela , C Wehrmeister Fernando , Lessa Horta Bernardo , Jardim Dornellas de Barros Aluísio , Pires Hartwig Fernando , Oliveira Paula , Vidaletti Luís Paulo , A Mesenburg Marilia , Jacques Nadege , C Barros Fernando , Gomes Victora Cesar 
Published: February 2021

Avaliou-se a cobertura vacinal para influenza em idosos na pandemia COVID-19 através do EPICOVID-19, inquérito de base populacional realizado em 133 cidades sentinela dos 26 estados brasileiros e Distrito Federal. Selecionou-se 25 setores censitários por cidade com amostragem proporcional ao tamanho, 10 domicílios por setor e uma pessoa por domicílio, aleatoriamente. Foram entrevistadas 33.250 pessoas, sendo 8.265 idosos. Perguntou-se aos idosos se haviam sido vacinados contra gripe em 2020. A cobertura foi de 82,3% (IC 95% 80,1–84,2), sem diferenças por sexo, idade ou região. Foram observadas maiores coberturas no quintil mais rico (84,7% contra 80,1% no mais pobre; p<0.001) e naqueles com graduação completa (87,3% contra 83,2% com fundamental incompleto; p=0.007), e menor cobertura nos indígenas (56,9% comparado a coberturas superiores a 80% nos demais grupos étnicos) (p=0,056). Houve associação positiva da cobertura com número de comorbidades entre homens, mas não entre mulheres. A maioria vacinou-se na rede pública (97,5%), sendo a rede privada mais utilizada na região sul, pelos mais escolarizados e mais ricos. Conclui-se que a cobertura vacinal ficou sete pontos percentuais abaixo da meta governamental, e que desigualdades devem ser revertidas em futuras campanhas.
A influência da Educação Ambiental na formação do sujeito ecológico no âmbito escolar
Authors: Amorim Luana de Oliveira , Silva Rosineide Nascimento da 
Published: February 2021

RESUMO: Educação ambiental (EA) é uma ação contínua que visa educar e formar indivíduos preocupados com os problemas ambientais, levando-os a compreender a importância da conservação, preservação e sustentabilidade para o meio ambiente. A escola, enquanto espaço formador e desenvolvedor de aspectos culturais, sociais e cognitivos, exerce papel fundamental na formação do sujeito ecológico –conceito relacionado ao modo ideal de vida inspirado em atitudes ecologicamente orientadas. O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar a influência da EA na formação do sujeito ecológico no ambiente escolar, a partir da avaliação da percepção ambiental do corpo docente, corpo discente e equipe técnica de uma escola pública estadual, localizada no município de Arapiraca – AL. Para isso, foram aplicados questionários para os diferentes grupos que integram o corpo escolar. Após a obtenção dos dados, os mesmos foram analisados de modo descritivo, organizados em tabelas e/ou gráficos para subsidiar as discussões. A partir dos dados obtidos, pôde-se perceber que os integrantes da escola (professores, alunos e equipe técnica) apresentam uma visão limitada e superficial do que é EA e de como se pode contribuir para a conservação do meio ambiente. Além disso, embora haja projetos voltados para a EA na escola e professores que abordam a temática em sala de aula, ainda assim, essas ações têm sido incipientes. Portanto, torna-se necessário que os professores insiram, frequentemente, elementos de EA em suas aulas e elaborem projetos específicos voltados para essa temática, com o intuito de os alunos serem mais suscetíveis ao desenvolvimento de práticas e hábitos sustentáveis. Semelhantemente aos professores e alunos, a equipe técnica também precisa estar envolvida nos projetos ecológicos para que sua sensibilidade ambiental seja despertada.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Percepção ambiental, alunos, escola pública.