bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstructing solar magnetic fields from historical observations
Authors: Virtanen I. O. I. , Pevtsov A. A. , Virtanen I. I. , Mursula K. 
Published: May 2021

Context. The evolution of the photospheric magnetic field can be simulated with surface flux transport (SFT) simulations, which allow for the study of the evolution of the entire field, including polar fields, solely using observations of the active regions. However, because only one side of the Sun is visible at a time, active regions that emerge and decay on the far-side are not observed and not included in the simulations. As a result, some flux is missed.
Aims. We construct additional active regions and apply them to the far-side of the Sun in an SFT simulation to assess the possible effects and the magnitude of error that the missing far-side flux causes. We estimate how taking the missing far-side flux into account affects long-term SFT simulations.
Methods. We identified active regions from synoptic maps of the photospheric magnetic field between 1975 and 2019. We divided them into solar cycle wings and determined their lifetimes. Using the properties of observed active regions with sufficiently short lifetimes, we constructed additional active regions and inserted them into an SFT simulation.
Results. We find that adding active regions with short lifetimes to the far-side of the Sun results in significantly stronger polar fields in minimum times and slightly delayed polarity reversals. These results partly remedy the earlier results, which show overly weak polar fields and polarity reversals that are slightly too early when far-side emergence is not taken into account. The far-side active regions do not significantly affect poleward flux surges, which are mostly caused by larger long-living active regions. The far-side emergence leads to a weak continuous flow of flux, which affects polar fields over long periods of time.
Oberflächliche Venenthrombose der Beinvenen – Eine systematische Übersicht – Teil 2: Therapie
Authors: Wienert Volker , Gerontopoulou Stefania Aglaia , Rass Knuth 
Published: May 2021

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die oberflächliche Venenthrombose (OVT) der Beinvenen ist mit einer Inzidenz von 0,5–1/1000 Einwohner/Jahr ein häufiges und mit einer Frequenz assoziierter thromboembolischer Ereignisse in bis zu 25 % der Fälle ein ernst zu nehmendes Krankheitsbild. In der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit sollen alle relevanten Aspekte der OVT basierend auf der aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Literatur behandelt werden.
Methoden Die systematische Übersicht umfasst das Wissen über die OVT basierend auf dem gesamten, systemisch recherchierten Erkenntnismaterial in den Datenbanken PubMed und Google Scholar. Eine Literaturrecherche in PubMed von Publikationen (1968–2018) mit den Suchbegriffen „Superficial vein thrombosis; thrombophlebitis“ ergab 102 aussagekräftige Arbeiten, die nach Vorlage der Originalarbeit ausgewertet wurden. Teil 2 der Arbeit behandelt Aspekte zur Therapie.
Ergebnisse Die Bewertungskriterien der Therapie der OVT sind in den einzelnen Leitlinien und Übersichtsarbeiten z. T. unterschied­lich. Andererseits ist in den letzten Jahren eine zunehmende Stringenz in den Therapieempfehlungen festzustellen, die vom Ausprägungsgrad der OVT abhängig sind. Zu deren Prinzipien gehören die Mobilisation des Patienten und das Tragen eines medizinischen Kompressionsstrumpfes der Kompressionsklasse II. Die medikamentöse Therapie umfasst den Einsatz von Fondaparinux oder niedermolekularen Heparinen. Fondaparinux ist derzeit das einzig zugelassene Medikament für diese Indikation ab einer Thrombusausdehnung von mindestens 5 cm. Rivaroxaban in einer Tagesdosis von 10 mg war gegenüber Fondaparinux in einer randomisierten Studie nicht unterlegen; dies führte jedoch nicht zu einer Zulassung für die Indikation der OVT. Eine therapeutische Antikoagulation hingegen wird empfohlen, sobald sich das proximale Thrombusende 3 cm oder näher zum Übergang in das tiefe Venensystem befindet. Nichtsteroidale Antirheumatika reduzieren das Risiko einer OVT-Extension oder eines Rezidivs und wirken schmerzlindernd. Die Therapie mit Externa bietet nur lokale symptomlindernde Effekte. Eine operative Therapie der OVT kann in bestimmten Situationen erwogen werden, um Varizen, Schmerzen und das Risiko einer Thrombusaszension in einem Behandlungsschritt zu beseitigen.
Schlussfolgerung Aufgrund der Häufigkeit und des Risikos potenziell lebensbedrohender Komplikationen sollte der OVT der Beinvenen eine größere Beachtung zukommen, insbesondere mit Blick auf eine auf den individuellen Befund ausgerichtete Stadien-adaptierte Therapie.
Lichen Depsidones with Biological Interest
Authors: Ureña-Vacas Isabel , González-Burgos Elena , Divakar Pradeep Kumar , Gómez-Serranillos M. Pilar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDepsidones are some of the most abundant secondary metabolites produced by lichens. These compounds have aroused great pharmacological interest due to their activities as antioxidants, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic agents. Hence, this paper aims to provide up-to-date knowledge including an overview of the potential biological interest of lichen depsidones. So far, the most studied depsidones are fumarprotocetraric acid, lobaric acid, norstictic acid, physodic acid, salazinic acid, and stictic acid. Their pharmacological activities have been mainly investigated in in vitro studies and, to a lesser extent, in in vivo studies. No clinical trials have been performed yet. Depsidones are promising cytotoxic agents that act against different cell lines of animal and human origin. Moreover, these compounds have shown antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi, mainly Candida spp. Furthermore, depsidones have antioxidant properties as revealed in oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo models. Future research should be focused on further investigating the mechanism of action of depsidones and in evaluating new potential actions as well as other depsidones that have not been studied yet from a pharmacological perspective. Likewise, more in vivo studies are prerequisite, and clinical trials for the most promising depsidones are encouraged.
Complicated Ventral Hernia: A Perquisite for Perforated Peptic Ulcer—Unusual Clinical Scenario
Authors: Gandhi Jignesh A. , Shinde Pravin , Kothari Bhavika , Kharkongor Marina 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction Peptic ulcer usually presents to the emergency in the form of an acute abdomen, which is usually diagnosed easily either clinically or radiologically. Although its incidence has decreased with the introduction on proton pump inhibitors it is still one of the most common emergencies encountered by a surgeon.
Case Presentation A 60-year-old woman complained of epigastric swelling for 6 months which gradually increased and became irreducible over the last 2 months. The patient also complained of pain associated with vomiting. Radiological investigations revealed a epigastric hernia with omentum and stomach as content along with fluid collection in the right perihepatic region, with tiny air foci. The patient was explored for the same.
Discussion Perforated peptic ulcer is a serious complication and carries high risk of morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis with immediate resuscitation and surgical intervention is essential to improve outcomes. This is a rare case of perforated gastric ulcer which was masked under the complicated ventral hernia.
Anti-IgE Monoclonal Antibody in Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis Not Responding to Systemic Steroids
Authors: Sharma Pratibha , Ganga Ranganath T. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAllergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a hypersensitivity disorder caused by Aspergillus fumigatus commonly among patients of bronchial asthma. Early diagnosis is the key to successful management and preventing parenchymal destruction. Most of the patients respond well to systemic steroids. In patients not responding to standard treatment, the other treatment options include pulse steroids, antifungals, immunosuppressants, and omalizumab. But exact indication for each of these is not well established. Here we report a 41-year-old ABPA patient who was not responding to systemic steroids became totally asymptomatic with the administration of omalizumab.
30-Day Readmissions and Coordination of Care Following Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Pituitary Surgery: Experience with 409 Patients
Authors: Ghiam Michael K. , Chyou Darius E. , Dable Cortney L. , Katz Andrew P. , Eichberg Daniel G. , Zhang Hang , Ayala Alejandro R. , Kargi Atil Y. , Komotar Ricardo J. , Sargi Zoukaa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective The study aimed to (1) quantify readmission rates and common causes of readmission following endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery (ETPS); (2) identify risk factors that may predict readmission within 30 days; (3) assess postoperative care coordination with endocrinology follow-up; and (4) identify patients for whom targeted interventions may reduce 30-day readmissions.
Methods Retrospective quality improvement review of patients with pituitary adenoma who underwent ETPS from December 2010 to 2018 at a single tertiary care center.
Results A total of 409 patients were included in the study, of which 57 (13.9%) were readmitted within 30 days. Hyponatremia was the most common cause of readmission (4.2%) followed by pain/headache (3.9%), cerebrospinal fluid leak (3.4%), epistaxis (2.7%), hypernatremia (1.2%), and adrenal insufficiency (1.2%). Patients with hyponatremia were readmitted significantly earlier than other causes (4.3 ± 2.2 vs. 10.6 ± 10.9 days from discharge, p = 0.032). Readmitted patients had significantly less frequent outpatient follow-up with an endocrinologist than the nonreadmitted cohort (56.1 vs. 70.5%, p = 0.031). Patients who had outpatient follow-up with an endocrinologist were at lower risk of readmission compared with those without (odds ratio: 0.46; 95% confidence interval: 0.24–0.88).
Conclusion Delayed hyponatremia is one of the most common causes of 30-day readmission following ETPS. Postoperative follow-up with an endocrinologist may reduce risk of 30-day readmission following ETPS.
Implications for Clinical Practice A multidisciplinary team incorporating otolaryngologist, neurosurgeons, and endocrinologist may identify patients at risk of 30-day readmissions. Protocols checking serum sodium within 1 week of surgery in conjunction with endocrinologist to tailor fluid restriction may reduce readmissions from delayed hyponatremia.
Optimal resilience of modular interacting networks
Authors: Dong Gaogao , Wang Fan , Shekhtman Louis M. , Danziger Michael M. , Fan Jingfang , Du Ruijin , Liu Jianguo , Tian Lixin , Stanley H. Eugene , Havlin Shlomo 
Published: May 2021

Significance
In real-world scenarios, many subnetworks interact with other subnetworks to form a modular interacting network system. In previous models, it was assumed that all subnetworks may be linked pairwise; however, in real systems, only some pairs of subnetworks are connected. Understanding how to develop theoretical frameworks and study system resilience of general coupling patterns of the subnetworks is of significant importance for designing and optimizing economic, social, and infrastructure networks. Here we present two frameworks for such systems having specific coupling patterns to investigate their resilience. Specifically, we find an optimal level of interaction between subnetworks, which maximizes the system’s resilience to failures. Our findings highlight the need to consider real-world coupling patterns and possible optimizations for designing resilient systems.
Cross-platform validation of neurotransmitter release impairments in schizophrenia patient-derivedNRXN1-mutant neurons
Authors: Pak ChangHui , Danko Tamas , Mirabella Vincent R. , Wang Jinzhao , Liu Yingfei , Vangipuram Madhuri , Grieder Sarah , Zhang Xianglong , Ward Thomas , Huang Yu-Wen Alvin , Jin Kang , Dexheimer Philip , Bardes Eric , Mitelpunkt Alexis , Ma Junyi , McLachlan Michael , Moore Jennifer C. , Qu Pingping , Purmann Carolin , Dage Jeffrey L. , Swanson Bradley J. , Urban Alexander E. , Aronow Bruce J. , Pang Zhiping P. , Levinson Douglas F. , Wernig Marius , Südhof Thomas C. 
Published: May 2021

SignificanceHeterozygousNRXN1deletions predispose to schizophrenia and other neurodevelopmental disorders. Engineered heterozygousNRXN1deletions impair neurotransmitter release in human neurons, suggesting a synaptic pathophysiological mechanism. In a multicenter effort to test the generality and robustness of this pivotal observation, we used, at two laboratories, independent analyses of patient-derived and newly engineered human neurons with heterozygousNRXN1deletions. Schizophrenia patient-derived neurons withNRXN1deletions exhibited the same major decrease in neurotransmitter release and an increase in CASK protein as engineered human neurons withNRXN1deletions. Strikingly, engineered mouseNrxn1-deficient neurons derived by the same method displayed no such phenotype, suggesting a human-specific role forNRXN1. Thus, heterozygousNRXN1deletions robustly impair synaptic function in human neurons, enabling future drug discovery efforts.
Multiple Correspondence Analysis, newspaper discourse and subregister
Authors: Clarke Isobelle , McEnery Tony , Brookes Gavin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article introduces a new method for grouping keywords and examines the extent to which it also allows analysts to
explore the interaction of discourse and subregister. It uses the multivariate statistical technique, Multiple Correspondence Analysis, to
reveal dimensions of keywords which co-occur across the texts of a corpus. These dimensions are then interpreted in terms of the discourses
to which they contribute within the data, thus forming the basis of a corpus-assisted discourse analysis. The approach is demonstrated
through analysis of the discourses that are used to represent Muslims and Islam in a corpus of UK national newspaper articles published on
these topics spanning 2010–2019. The approach reveals an interaction between discourse and subregister, hence this article argues for the
need for (corpus-assisted) discourse analysts to account for subregister as a level of meaningful variation when analysing press
discourse.
Four-decade follow-up of a plutonium-contaminated puncture wound treated with Ca-DTPA
Authors: Avtandilashvili Maia , Tolmachev Sergei Y 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Contaminated wounds are a common route of internal deposition of radionuclides for nuclear and radiation workers. They may result in significant doses to radiosensitive organs and tissues in an exposed individual’s body. The United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries’ whole-body donor (Case 0303) accidentally punctured his finger on equipment contaminated with plutonium nitrate. The wound was surgically excised and medically treated with intravenous injections of Ca-DTPA. A total of 16 g Ca-DTPA was administered in 18 treatments during the 2 months following the accident. Ninety-three urine samples were collected and analysed over 14 years following the accident. An estimated 239Pu activity of 73.7 Bq was excreted during Ca-DTPA treatment. Post-mortem radiochemical analysis of autopsy tissues indicated that 40 years post-accident 21.6 ± 0.2 Bq of 239Pu was retained in the skeleton, 12.2 ± 0.3 Bq in the liver, and 3.7 ± 0.1 Bq in other soft tissues; 1.35 ± 0.02 Bq of 239Pu was measured in tissue samples from the wound site. To estimate the plutonium intake, late urine measurements, which were unaffected by chelation, and post-mortem radiochemical analysis results were evaluated using the IMBA Professional Plus software. The application of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements wound model with an assumption of intake material as a predominantly strongly retained soluble plutonium compound with a small insoluble fraction adequately described the data (p = 0.46). The effective intake was estimated to be 50.2 Bq of plutonium nitrate and 1.5 Bq of the fragment. The prompt medical intervention with contaminated tissue excision and subsequent Ca-DTPA decorporation therapy reduced 239Pu activity available for uptake and long-term retention in this individual’s systemic organs by a factor of 38.
E-textile based wearable thermometer from WS2-quantum dots
Authors: Abid  , Sehrawat Poonam , Julien C M , Islam S S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We report here the successful operation of WS2-QD/RGO hybrid temperature sensor, which performs instant measurement like thermometer in a wide temperature range: 77–398 K, in both static- and instant mode. All this was possible by embedding WS2-QDs on electrically conducting RGO layer, synthesized on cotton textile fabric. The device is simple, scalable, flexible and cost-effective. Successful trial to monitor human body temperature is conducted with fast response- and recovery time ∼0.60 and 11.3 s with an exceptional resolution ∼0.06 K. Crucial parameters such as temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) and thermal hysteresis (H
th) were theoretically analyzed to understand the intricate mechanism behind the working of a temperature sensor; temperature sensing data at both high- and low temperatures are outstanding as well as competitive. To mention, a few of these parameters are found comparable and even superior to some of the devices as reported. This sensor device proved its flexibility and stability under various in situ mechanical deformation tests, showing its promising potential for future generation wearable health monitoring devices. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on WS2 in general, and WS2-QDs, in specific, based temperature sensing device and its operational demonstration as of now.
Electronic, optical, and transport properties of RbYbX3 (X = Cl, Br) for solar cells and renewable energy: a quantum DFT study
Authors: Mahmood Q , Hedhili F , Al-Shomar S , Chebaaneef S , Al-Muhimeed Tahani I , AlObaid Abeer A , Mera Abeer , Alamri Osama Abdulaziz 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The electronic, optical, and thermoelectric properties of RbYbX3 (X = Cl, Br) are investigated with density functional theory based Modified Becke and Johnson (mBJ) potential which is executed in Wien2K code. The tolerance factors (0.96, 0.98) and formation energies favor their structural and thermodynamic stabilities. The direct bandgaps of 1.42 eV and 1.30 eV for RbYbCl3, and RbYbBr3 address the visible region of spectrum for solar cells. The optical properties are explored comprehensively in terms of dielectric constants, refractive index, absorption coefficient, and reflection. The absorption bands of light are in the visible region, and light is plane-polarized. Furthermore, the thermoelectric properties are analyzed in terms of thermal and electrical conductivities, Seebeck coefficient, and figure of merit. The room temperature ZT turns out to be 0.78 for RbYbCl3 and 0.75 for RbYbBr3. The maximum absorption in the visible region and high ZT make them excellent materials for renewable energy applications.
Entropy approach in the analysis of vibration and partial discharge signals
Authors: Burda E A , Naumenko A P , Odinets A I 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The development of new methods of technical diagnostics is an important task aimed at improving the efficiency and safety of the operation of industrial equipment. Such methods are complexes of jointly used methods for obtaining diagnostic information, methods for extracting from it the actual data on the technical state of the diagnosed objects, and methods for organizing diagnostic processes. At the same time, the criteria of importance and value, as a rule, are different for the developers of these methods, developers of diagnostic systems, and direct operators of equipment, which requires the search for solutions that are a compromise for all interested parties and meet certain optimality requirements. One of the new approaches in the field of identifying and controlling new diagnostic information is the entropy method for evaluating data. Testing the applicability of this approach to the analysis of signals of vibration and partial discharges has shown the possibility of obtaining data on changes in the state of the diagnosed object. This information can be used to develop new diagnostic features designed for earlier detection of developing defects, as well as for checking and confirming technical diagnoses obtained by classical methods.
Complex method of railway tanks and reservoirs tightness control
Authors: Kulakovskaya V P , Kuznetsov A A , Kondratenko E V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article presents the development of a complex method of tank impermeability control by the example of rail tank cars. Application of methods of acoustic emission and thermal control makes it possible to detect defects on the surface of tanks in two stages-localization of the through defect is carried out by the acoustic method, and the determination of geometrical size of the defect by the analysis of temperature anomalies of the outer surface of the tank. Application of such method in practice increases reliability of nondestructive control of railway tanks and reservoirs.
Implementation of additive technologies in the system of maintenance and repair of printing machines
Authors: Yu Orlova E , Riabtsev M A , Varepo L G , Trapeznikova O V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Results of testing the additive technology and recommendations for its implementation into the structure of maintenance and repair of printing plants are given, as an example of manufacturing simple parts in a service point. Additive technology method was used for manufacture and testing of coatings of feeder table sheet feeding rolls and web conductors, the housing of the stroboscope for monitoring the check marks on the impression print in the process of printing, sealing packings to the automatic cleaning system of offset machines printing unit. A preliminary analysis of print materials, presented in the Russian market, that can be used in print works for manufacturing spare parts of printing machines, was carried out.
Algorithm for controlling objects implementing a semi-passive guidance technique
Authors: Pavlov V I , Belousov O A , Dorokhova T Y , Belyaev M P , Trapeznikov E V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The minimum composition of objects involved in the implementation of the developed semi-passive guidance technique is determined. The prospects of implementing the developed technique with a network-centric method of object interaction are indicated. A variant of the synthesis of trajectory control algorithms for all objects involved in the implementation of the developed technique is presented. The potential feasibility of the method is shown when using the measuring instruments available in the onboard control systems of objects. Techniques for improving the accuracy of determining the coordinates and parameters of the movement of objects have been developed and studied.
Development and research of the rangefinder of the information and measurement system of air traffic control based on data from on-board sensors of the aircraft
Authors: Pudovkin A P , Panasyuk Yu N , Belyaev M P , Danilov S N , Moskvitin S P , Varepo L G , Nagornova I V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The question of improving the standard deviation of the phase coordinate error, stability, and noise immunity of the rangefinder for information and measurement system of the automated air traffic control of aircraft is considered. Rangefinder state and observation models which consider kinematic and dynamic characteristics of air crafts have been proposed. A rangefinder algorithm has been developed and investigated through simulation modelling on a computer with research results obtained.