bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality assessment and design of alcoholic beverages based on grain distillates
Authors: Novikova I V , Muravev A S , Agafonov G V , Korotkih E A , Malceva O Y , Chusova A E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article presents data on the method of quality assessment and the design of beverage recipes with the use of extracts of plant raw materials: oak, cherry and plum wood. The method includes establishing a correlation between physical-chemical and organoleptic indices of beverages and consumer properties with mathematical processing of experimental data and determining the optimal quantitative ratio of oak, plum and cherry wood extracts in blends, at which the beverage will have the maximum values of quality, organoleptic evaluation and “psychological price”. The optimal mix of extracts is 0-7% of oak wood extract, 70-100% plum wood extract, 0-25% cherry extract. The “Consumer quality” indicator was over 0.9, organoleptic evaluation was over 9.25, “psychological price” was over 500 rubles/l.
Development of a multi-tier malt-growing apparatus for the needs of a craft brewery
Authors: Frantenko V K , Demina A I , Katsurba T V , Bystritsky A A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article presents a multi-tier conveyor malt-growing apparatus, which is designed for growing malt in small enterprises, makes the process continuous and efficient by moving the germinating layer of grain without damaging the sprouts. It allows the automatic adjustment of technological modes depending on the type and quality of grain by controlling the supply of condensed air in specified temperature ranges, ensures environmental friendliness of production due to water recycling, energy saving due to the sloping arrangement of tiers and reducing energy consumption for grain agitation. It allows the producing of special malt varieties from various agricultural plants. A comparative analysis of conveyor systems has been carried out and their significant disadvantages have been identified that do not allow the systems to be used for malt production. Significant advantages of using the developed multi-tier malt plant are shown. Exposure to an electromagnetic field at the soaking stage contributed to an increase in the germination of barley. It was found that short-term UV irradiation of barley in the first hours of swelling led to an increase in seed germination. The expediency of using the new conveyor malt-growing apparatus to produce special malts for craft brewing is shown.
Kinetics model of convective drying
Authors: Akenchenko M A , Arapov V M , Kvashnin B N , Litvinov E V , Lihacheva L B , Matveeva E V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article considers various approaches to modeling the drying of finely dispersed products: based on the classical theory of diffusion, from the standpoint of the thermodynamics of an irreversible process. An analysis of the scientific and technical literature on the problem revealed not high accuracy of the convective drying models of finely dispersed products developed on the existing theoretical basis. It is shown that the improvement of drying modeling can be based on the kinetics theory of chemical reactions. In this case, drying is considered as a quasi-topochemical heterogeneous reaction. At the same time, a combined approach to drying modeling is proposed: the phenomenological equation of chemical kinetics, which describes the speed of the process, is supplemented by the experimentally established relationship between the temperature and moisture content of the material. Based on the proposed approach, mathematical models of the kinetics of convective drying of finely dispersed products for periods of constant and decreasing speed have been developed, which allow to establish a clear type of the influence of the temperature regime on the kinetics of the process and reduce the amount of experimental research. A mathematical model of the temperature curve of drying for a period of decreasing speed is developed. The relationship between the speed of the first and second drying periods is established. The reliability of the obtained mathematical models is confirmed by experimental verification of the kinetic equation obtained for a period of constant velocity.
Extrudate dehydration rate increase by modernization of the extruder vacuum chamber
Authors: Kurochkin A A , Frolov D I , Zimnyakov V M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes to upgrade the vacuum chamber of the extruder to enhance the impact of thermovacuum effect on extrudate due to dispensing air into the working volume of the vacuum chamber of the extruder. An air valve is installed in the upgraded extruder chamber. This valve allows faster removal of the wet steam with the extrudate surface. Analytical expressions, which allow determining the volumetric flow rate of intake air of the machine in the vacuum chamber and determining its influence on the basic design and technological parameters of the system, were obtained. The obtained results can be useful and taken into account in the process of subsequent theoretical studies of extruders with a vacuum chamber and will improve the efficiency of machines that perform thermal vacuum extrusion of plant materials.
The design of the device for the solid carbon dioxide production
Authors: Neverov E N , Korotkiy I A , Rasshchepkin A N , Ibragimov M I , Grinyuk A N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We considered the method of carbon dioxide processing and recycling which is suitable for the use in food, refrigeration and other industries; moreover it provides a high level of carbon dioxide recycling and processing and its further use. The analysis of being in demand for this method was carried out in the field of processing liquid and solid carbon dioxide. A special feature of the method concept is the principle of solidification and the possibility of producing solid carbon dioxide with full use of raw materials without losses to the environment. A plant for producing solid carbon dioxide has been designed. The article presents the plant process flow diagram and describes its operation principle. We also mark the plant competitive advantages over analogues. Despite relatively small overall dimensions, the carbon dioxide return was anticipated by means of liquefaction back into the technological cycle. Feed connection can be carried out both from the cylinders with liquid carbon dioxide, and by connecting the liquid carbon dioxide pipeline from the liquefaction process flow at the enterprises.
Complex for the production of compressed carbon dioxide based on an industrial furnace for food production
Authors: Osintsev K V , Dudkin M M , Kuskarbekova S I 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Today, the problem of the use of energy is the most common. In order to increase energy efficiency could be used at food enterprises. A new scheme of combined main production and auxiliary production has been developed. In particular, on the basis of industrial furnaces for the production of compressed carbon dioxide. In this system, the coolant is supplied from an industrial furnace. In addition, it is shown that the coolant may be a rotary kiln or an industrial steam generator. The developed scheme is universal and can be used at the enterprise for various purposes.
Research on brewing in a mash brewing and filtering apparatus
Authors: Ivanov P P , Plotnikov K B , Maytakov A L , Pachkin S G , GShevtsova T , Vetrova N T 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The extensive development of craft brewing forms strong demand for technological equipment characterized by compactness, high-energy efficiency and ease of operation. Multifunctional apparatuses of low capacity and a high degree of modularity is becoming widespread. The design of 500-litre mash brewing and filtering apparatus (MBFA) offered in the article allows combining mashing, mash filtering and hopping within one technological unit. This process denies bringing inter-stage transfer of raw material to minimum values, reducing material losses and the length of the technological cycle. Besides, carrying out all brewing technological operations in one apparatus allows significantly reducing heat energy consumption due to the decrease in heat losses while heating relevant apparatuses. The offered design of MBFA is notable for directed circulation of extractant flows that forms optimal conditions for mass-transfer processes at the stage of malt mashing. Conducted brewing tests in a 50-litre apparatus proved the operability and high efficiency of the apparatus. Produced wort matched all controlled physicochemical parameters and was characterized by significant 33% decrease in turbidity and 6.5% reduction of polyphenol concentration that enhanced fermentation and made beer brightening easier improving its consumption properties at the same time. The degustation evaluation of finished beer showed the beer sample obtained from the MBFA-brewed wort had a prime soft and harmonious taste, pure flavour and saturated colour.
The use of the electronic nose device for the diagnosis of postpartum metritis in cows
Authors: Skorikov V N , Kuchmenko T A , Mikhalev V I , Umarkhanov R U 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The study aimed to assess the possibilities of applying electronic nose device for early diagnosis of postpartum endometritis in cows using secretions. The experiment included four clinically healthy cows, four cows with endometritis. Samples of secretions were obtained on days 1,3,6,8 after analysis of their odours was carried out with MAG-8 device (Russia). As and measuring array, there were used eight sensors based on piezoelectric crystals frequency of 10,0 MHz and film sorbents on electrodes that respond to compounds of C2-C4 alcohols, linear and cyclic ketones, aldehydes, aliphatic amines, and sulfur-containing organic compounds, acids, ammonia. It was found that during the first three days after calving in cows with postpartum endometritis in comparison with healthy animals, the area of the visual response of the sensors was exceeded by 28,4% the content of alcohols, ketones of linear a structure by 5,2-6,0%, aliphatic acids were less by 14,3% and alkyl amines by 9,2%. On 6-8 days after calving, in the clinical manifestation of endometritis, an excess of the “visual imprint” by 6.1 times (p <0.001), a decrease in the content of aliphatic acids by 22.7% (p < 0.05), and an increase in the concentration of sulfur-containing organic compounds - by 4.9%. Therefore, the electronic nose system can distinguish between the composition of the volatile compounds of the cervical postpartum secretions with the normal and pathological course of the postpartum period.
Electrochemical water treatment plant for food production
Authors: Egorov V G , Vasechkin M A , Davydov O Yu , Pribytkov A V , Chertov E D 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The development of new methods or equipment for water purification in recent years has been an important task. Of the existing methods as promising ones, we can distinguish electrochemical non-reagent purification methods. A design of a water treatment plant has been developed, the main elements of which are a device for electrochemical treatment with electrodes made of titanium alloys and a filter for fine mechanical cleaning. This plant has passed a set of laboratory tests and testing as part of a mobile integrated water treatment plant. According to the test results, it has been found that electrodes made of titanium alloys with the highest titanium content have the best resistance to electrochemical destruction. The rational current density and the range of the gap between the electrodes are determined, which ensure effective water purification with an extended overhaul cycle and sufficiently low metal consumption and energy consumption.
Cause analysis and Countermeasures for shaft fracture of closed pump
Authors: Liu Jun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Two 350MW supercritical wet cooling units in a power plant, the closed water pump adopts horizontal single-stage double suction split centrifugal pump. In recent two years, the shaft of the closed pump B of 1 unit has been fractured twice. In this paper, the fracture causes of the closed pump shaft are analyzed from the aspects of closed pump operation, material analysis and micro organization, and treatment measures are taken to solve the problem.
Research on contribution analysis method of lubricating oil performance index
Authors: Sun Yuanyuan , Wang Yuexing , Wang Pujian , Cao Zehui 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the application of entropy weight method and oil performance index test, the weights of various indexes of lubricating oil in use are objectively assigned, and the correlation among multiple samples is investigated by normalization of multi-sample data of the same monitoring index, so that the weight results are more accurate and reasonable, and provide theoretical basis for oil formula optimization or life promotion.
Research on Optimization of NEV Power Battery Recycling Network
Authors: Ma Jun , Liu Lu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
With the increasing number of new energy vehicles (NEV), the NEV industry is facing a situation of large amounts of retired power battery. In this study, first, the relevant research of the power battery recycling mode is sort out. And this paper proposes a four-level power battery recycling network, which includes nodes such as collection warehouse, storage warehouse, transfer hub, echelon utilization enterprise, etc.Then, a Mixed-Integer Non-Linear Programming model is proposed to minimize the cost of the network.
Case analysis and preventive measures of limestone-gypsum wet flue gas desulfurization slurry poisoning for 320MW unit
Authors: Wang Qunkui , Liu Jing , Xue Fangming 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The slurry poisoning of the desulfurization system is a difficult problem in the current desulfurization operation. This paper analyzes the abnormality of the limestone-gypsum wet flue gas desulfurization slurry poisoning of a 320MW unit, and proposes a solution. Through the test method, the slurry composition and gypsum quality the analysis was carried out and effective measures were taken according to the actual situation to solve the slurry poisoning phenomenon and ensure the safe operation of the desulfurization system, which is of great significance to the flue gas emission standard of the desulfurization system of the power plant.
A New Approach to the Implementation of Multivariable Information Transfer Models of Smart Sensors for Ubiquitous Power Energy Internet of Things
Authors: Chen Shiyu , Li Bin , Sun Wei , Wang Lei , Li Lin , Zhang Dewen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
As an important cornerstone of the construction of the energy Internet, the ubiquitous power Internet of Things is of great significance for improving the overall efficiency and social efficiency of the power grid, and promoting the development of emerging services that meet the needs of users. The thesis first elaborates the basic concepts and characteristics of the ubiquitous power Internet of Things, and analyzes its system architecture in detail; secondly, discusses the key technologies of the ubiquitous power Internet of Things from three aspects: smart chips, 5G and LPWA, and Internet of Things platform; Third, in order to overcome the influence of the interference of the sensor’s mutual sensing area of the Internet of Things on the transmission success rate, it is necessary to design the interference avoidance algorithm of the sensor’s mutual sensing area, and propose an Internet of Things based on adaptive link equalization configuration and inter-code interference suppression The algorithm for avoiding interference between sensors in the mutual sensing area. The simulation results show that using this method for sensor interference avoidance, the output error rate is lower, the purity of sensor sensing area information is higher, and the anti-interference is better.
The theoretical study on intermittency and propagation of geodesic acoustic mode in L-mode discharge near tokamak edge
Authors: LIU Zhaoyang , ZHANG Yangzhong , MAHAJAN Swadesh Mitter , LIU Adi , XIE Tao , ZHOU Chu , LAN Tao , XIE Jinlin , LI Hong , ZHUANG Ge , LIU Wandong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Through a systematically developed theory, we demonstrate that the motion of Instanton identified in Zhang et al (2017 Phys. Plasmas
24 122304) is highly correlated to the intermittent excitation and propagation of geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) that is observed in tokamaks. While many numerical simulations have observed the phenomena, it is the first theory that reveals the physical mechanism behind GAM intermittent excitation and propagation. The preceding work is based on the micro-turbulence associated with toroidal ion temperature gradient mode, and slab-based phenomenological model of zonal flow. When full toroidal effect is introduced into the system, two branches of zonal flow emerge: the torus-modified low frequency zonal flow (TLFZF), and GAM, necessitating a unified exploration of GAM and TLFZF. Indeed, we observe that the transition from the Caviton to Instanton is triggered by a rapid zero-crossing of radial group velocity of drift wave and is found to be strongly correlated with the GAM onset. Many features peculiar to intermittent GAMs, observed in real machines, are thus identified in the numerical experiment. The results will be displayed in figures and in a movie; first for single central rational surface, and then with coupled multiple central rational surfaces. The periodic bursting first shown disappears as being replaced by irregular one, more similar to the intermittent characteristics observed in GAM experiments.
The divine hiddenness objection is not costly for atheists
Authors: Curtis Benjamin L 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Perry Hendricks has recently argued that endorsing the divine hiddenness objection to the existence of God ‘eliminates’ or ‘does away with’ all de jure objections to theism. So, he says, anyone who endorses the divine hiddenness objection must ‘reject’ any de jure objection. ‘And this,’ he says, ‘means that the argument from divine hiddenness is costly for atheists’. However, although Hendricks's argument is an interesting one, it does not establish any of these things, at least on any natural understanding of his claims.
Paucity of Entorhinal Cortex Pathology of the Alzheimer’s Type in SuperAgers with Superior Memory Performance
Authors: Gefen Tamar , Kawles Allegra , Makowski-Woidan Beth , Engelmeyer Janessa , Ayala Ivan , Abbassian Payam , Zhang Hui , Weintraub Sandra , Flanagan Margaret E , Mao Qinwen , Bigio Eileen H , Rogalski Emily , Mesulam M Marsel , Geula Changiz 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Advancing age is typically associated with declining memory capacity and increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Markers of AD such as amyloid plaques (AP) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are commonly found in the brains of cognitively average elderly but in more limited distribution than in those at the mild cognitive impairment and dementia stages of AD. Cognitive SuperAgers are individuals over age 80 who show superior memory capacity, at a level consistent with individuals 20–30 years their junior. Using a stereological approach, the current study quantitated the presence of AD markers in the memory-associated entorhinal cortex (ERC) of seven SuperAgers compared with six age-matched cognitively average normal control individuals. Amyloid plaques and NFTs were visualized using Thioflavin-S histofluorescence, 6E10, and PHF-1 immunohistochemistry. Unbiased stereological analysis revealed significantly more NFTs in ERC in cognitively average normal controls compared with SuperAgers (P &lt; 0.05) by a difference of ~3-fold. There were no significant differences in plaque density. To highlight relative magnitude, cases with typical amnestic dementia of AD showed nearly 100 times more entorhinal NFTs than SuperAgers. The results suggest that resistance to age-related neurofibrillary degeneration in the ERC may be one factor contributing to preserved memory in SuperAgers.
Finding diverse ways to improve algebraic connectivity through multi-start optimization
Authors: Mackay Sarah , Ponce Colin , Osborn Sarah , McGarry Meghan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe algebraic connectivity, also known as the Fiedler value, is a spectral measure of network connectivity that can be increased through edge addition. We present an algorithm for producing many diverse ways to add a fixed number of edges to a network to achieve a near optimal Fiedler value. Previous Fielder value optimization algorithms (i.e. the greedy algorithm) output only one solution. Obtaining a single solution is rarely good enough for real-world network redesign problems, as practical constraints (political, physical or financial) may prevent implementation. Our algorithm takes a multi-start optimization approach, adding a random initial edge and then applies a greedy heuristic to improve the Fiedler value. The random choice moves us to a new region of the search space, enabling discovery of diverse solutions. Additionally, we present a Determinantal Point Process framework for quantifying diversity. We then apply a Markov chain Monte Carlo technique to sift through the large number of output solutions and locate a smaller, more manageable collection of highly diverse solutions that can be presented to network redesign engineers. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm on real-world graphs with varied structures.