bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic-medium–based metamaterial for broadband microwave absorption and multiband transmission characteristics
Authors: Yang Zhihui , Sun Xin , Zhang Jiulin , Zhao Yilun , He Junzhe , Sun Xianjun , Zhou Yang , Wang Chong , Nie Wenjun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
To fulfill the antenna system criteria for broadband microwave-absorbing materials, herein, a magnetic medium is introduced into the metamaterial structure design process, which can produce the artificially required transmission properties in the microwave region. The composite meta-structure can effectively provide microwave absorption at low frequency and microwave transmission at high frequency by optimising the design of the metasurface, dielectric and magnetic medium. The magnetic-medium–based metamaterial is fabricated in accordance with the design, and its electromagnetic characteristics are investigated. Experimental results show that the absorptivity of the proposed metamaterial structure is higher than 85% at 2.4–9.8 GHz, and that the transmissivity is higher than 71% at 15.5–18.8 GHz, 19.6–20.5 GHz, and 36–39 GHz. The absorptivity bandwidth exceeding 90% reaches 6.0 GHz, which is significantly higher than the traditional metamaterial without a magnetic medium. Moreover, the electromagnetic characteristics of the composite material are consistent under varying microwave polarisations.
Latent class evaluation of the performance of serological tests for exposure to Brucella spp. in cattle, sheep, and goats in Tanzania
Authors: Bodenham Rebecca F. , Mazeri Stella , Cleaveland Sarah , Crump John A. , Fasina Folorunso O. , de Glanville William A. , Haydon Daniel T. , Kazwala Rudovick R. , Kibona Tito J. , Maro Venance P. , Maze Michael J. , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Mtui-Malamsha Niwael J. , Shirima Gabriel M. , Swai Emanuel S. , Thomas Kate M. , Bronsvoort Barend M. deC. , Halliday Jo E. B. 
Published: August 2021

Background
Brucellosis is a neglected zoonosis endemic in many countries, including regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Evaluated diagnostic tools for the detection of exposure to Brucella spp. are important for disease surveillance and guiding prevention and control activities.

Methods and findings
Bayesian latent class analysis was used to evaluate performance of the Rose Bengal plate test (RBT) and a competitive ELISA (cELISA) in detecting Brucella spp. exposure at the individual animal-level for cattle, sheep, and goats in Tanzania. Median posterior estimates of RBT sensitivity were: 0.779 (95% Bayesian credibility interval (BCI): 0.570–0.894), 0.893 (0.636–0.989), and 0.807 (0.575–0.966), and for cELISA were: 0.623 (0.443–0.790), 0.409 (0.241–0.644), and 0.561 (0.376–0.713), for cattle, sheep, and goats, respectively. Sensitivity BCIs were wide, with the widest for cELISA in sheep. RBT and cELISA median posterior estimates of specificity were high across species models: RBT ranged between 0.989 (0.980–0.998) and 0.995 (0.985–0.999), and cELISA between 0.984 (0.974–0.995) and 0.996 (0.988–1). Each species model generated seroprevalence estimates for two livestock subpopulations, pastoralist and non-pastoralist. Pastoralist seroprevalence estimates were: 0.063 (0.045–0.090), 0.033 (0.018–0.049), and 0.051 (0.034–0.076), for cattle, sheep, and goats, respectively. Non-pastoralist seroprevalence estimates were below 0.01 for all species models. Series and parallel diagnostic approaches were evaluated. Parallel outperformed a series approach. Median posterior estimates for parallel testing were ≥0.920 (0.760–0.986) for sensitivity and ≥0.973 (0.955–0.992) for specificity, for all species models.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that Brucella spp. surveillance in Tanzania using RBT and cELISA in parallel at the animal-level would give high test performance. There is a need to evaluate strategies for implementing parallel testing at the herd- and flock-level. Our findings can assist in generating robust Brucella spp. exposure estimates for livestock in Tanzania and wider sub-Saharan Africa. The adoption of locally evaluated robust diagnostic tests in setting-specific surveillance is an important step towards brucellosis prevention and control.
Don’t close the book on tocilizumab for the treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia–the jury is still out: The Kuwait experience
Authors: Al-Shamali Yousef , M. Ali Yaser , Al-Shamali Rawan A. , Al-Melahi Maryam , Al-Shammari Farah R. , Alsaber Ahmad , Al-Adsani Wasl 
Published: August 2021

PurposeThis cross-sectional observational study aims to report preliminary data from the first experience using tocilizumab for patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in three of Kuwait’s largest public hospitals City.Patients and methodsThis chart review study examined the benefits of tocilizumab treatment among 127 patients diagnosed with severe coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia.Results90 of 127 patients (71%) survived. Mortality was highest in the elderly with multiple medical conditions.ConclusionDespite the small sample size and retrospective nature of the work, our findings are consistent with recent studies suggesting tocilizumab administration in patients presenting with severe COVID pneumonia with associated hyperinflammatory features conferred mortality benefit.
Understanding the association between exposure to family planning messages and consistent condom use among never married men in Ghana
Authors: Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Hagan John Elvis , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Budu Eugene , Mensah Georgina Yaa , Adu Collins , Schack Thomas 
Published: August 2021

Background
Despite considerable efforts to promote condom use, sexually active people in sub-Sahara Africa still engage in risky sexual behaviours, with condom use relatively low. With this high vulnerability of these persons to HIV and sexually transmitted infections, research related to exposure to family planning messages to help curb this trend remains sparse. This study examined how exposure to family planning messages in the midst of some socio-demographic factors is associated with consistent condom use among sexually active never married men in Ghana.

Methods
Data were obtained from the 2014 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) of Ghana. Only never married men (15–64 years) who have had sexual experience in the last 12 months were included in the analysis (N = 971). Frequencies, percentages, chi-square tests and binary logistic regression analyses were carried out. Results of the binary logistic regression analysis were presented using crude odds ratios (cOR) and adjusted odds ratios (aOR).

Results
The results showed that only 26.15% of sexually active never married men in Ghana consistently used condom during sex. Men who were exposed to family planning messages were 51% more likely use condom consistently compared to those who are not exposed [aOR = 1.51, CI = 1.04–2.18]. In terms of the covariates, the likelihood of consistent condom use among men in Ghana was lower among those aged 35 years and above compared to those aged 15–24 [aOR = 0.46 CI = 0.21–0.99]. The odds of consistent condom use among men increased with level of education, with men with higher level of education having the highest odds of consistent condom use compared to those with no formal education [aOR = 9.98, CI = 2.05–48.46]. Men of the richest wealth quintile were more likely to use condom consistently compared to those of the poorest wealth quintile [aOR = 2.62, CI = 1.30–5.27]. Higher odds of consistent condom use was found among men who dwelled in the Central, Northern, and Upper East regions compared to those of the Western region.

Conclusion
Our findings have established a strong association between exposure to family planning messages alongside age, educational level, wealth, and region of residence and consistent condom use. Men exposed to family planning messages were more likely to use condoms consistently. Designed programs should use intervention strategies that focus on interactive and participatory educational activities to improve sexually active men’s interpersonal communication on family planning messages, especially on consistent condom use with their sexual partners.
Mucosal necrosis of the palate after embolization for labial arterioveinous malformation
Authors: Arnal Etienne Andrea , Magremanne Michèle 
Published: August 2021

Objective: Cervico-facial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are complex and rare vascular lesions, and present in 0.1% of the population. Of traumatic or congenital origin, they are characterized by variable growth, and their complications can be disfiguring and potentially fatal. The treatment of choice is embolization followed by surgery if necessary. The main complications are recurrence and postoperative bleeding.
Case report: We report the rare case of a 59-year-old female patient who underwent embolization of a right upper labial and jugal AVM, followed by complete necrosis of the right hemi-palatal mucosa associated with dental mobility and pain. Follow-up at 6 months showed complete reepithelialisation of the palate.
Conclusions: Soft tissue necrosis after AVM embolization is a rare event and is more commonly described after embolization for epistaxis. The evolution is generally favourable within a few weeks.
Investigating Kurdish EFL Students’ Learning Styles at University Level
Authors: Malo Sanan Sh. 
Published: August 2021

The present study aims at investigating the students’ learning styles in EFL classes at university level. Being aware of the students’ preferences and feedback concerning the way teachers teach and run their classes is important to ensure the success of the process of teaching and learning. Neglecting the students’ feedback and preferences in the class might affect the process of teaching and learning negatively. To avoid such a problem, the present study equips the teachers with a way to deal with different learning environments and class diversity. To achieve the aims of the study, a questionnaire of 20 items on the different learning preferences was designed by the researcher to collect data from 40 EFL seniors (23 males and 17 females) at University of Zakho during the academic year 2020-2021.The items included in the questionnaire are based on Fleming’s (2006) VARK model of learning styles with adaptation. VARK is an acronym referring to the four types of learners: Visual, Aural, Read and Write, and Kinesthetic. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS Software version 22 through One-Sample T-Test and Independent-Paired Samples T-Test. The results show that the students prefer using the board and taking notes during the lecture and dislike attending online lectures via Zoom and Google Meet platforms. They also do not prefer recorded PowerPoint lectures uploaded to the Moodle. This is an indication that locking universities and adopting a blended system of teaching due to Covid-19 has affected the process of teaching as well as learning negatively. This study can be considered as a road map for EFL teachers when launching teaching any module since it takes into consideration what the students are interested in, namely class diversity and students’ preferences.
La Recherche de la Pureté dans Électre de Jean Giraudoux
Authors: Abdulrahman Ari M. 
Published: August 2021

Électre, le protagoniste de la pièce de théâtre de Giraudoux, était à la recherche de l’absolu dans son existence. Elle cherchait à rétablir la justice, la pureté et la vérité. Contrairement à tous les autres personnages de la pièce, elle n'a pas accepté le bonheur médiocre qui lui était offert. Sa recherche de la vérité résultait de la recherche de la pureté, en particulier dans sa famille. La plupart des personnages de la pièce souffraient d'impureté dans leurs relations familiales. La famille d'Électre est impure en raison des crimes commis et d'inceste implicite. Elle cherche à retrouver la pureté de la famille, mais la seule solution à cette impureté profondément enracinée est la mort et la destruction totale afin de commencer une nouvelle vie dès le début. La pureté de la pièce est représentée par un certain nombre d'éléments différents tels que la nature, l'enfance et la lumière. L'enfance, qui représente une existence innocente, joue un rôle majeur dans la pièce et constitue la cause principale de conflit entre Électre et sa mère. La nature est le seul élément pur et beau et elle conserve sa pureté tout au long de la pièce, mais elle ne peut toujours fournir un remède au dilemme éprouvé par Électre.
Electra, the protagonist of Giraudoux’s play, was in a desperate search of the ultimate absolute in her existence. She seeks to restore justice, purity, and truth. Unlike all the other characters of the play, she has not accepted the mediocre happiness offered to her. Her search of truth resulted from the pursuit of purity, especially in her family. Most of the characters in the drama suffer from impurity in their familial relationships. Electra's family has been impure due to crimes committed and implied incest. She seeks to recover the purity of the family but the only solution to this deeply rooted impurity is death and destruction of everything in order to start a new life from the beginning. The purity in the play is represented by a number of different elements such as nature, childhood, and light as well. Childhood, that's innocence, plays a major role in the play and it is the overarching cause of conflict between Electra and her mother. Nature is the only beautiful and pure element and it preserves its purity throughout the play but still, it cannot provide a remedy to the dilemma Electra is experiencing.
Glorifying War in Iraqi Children’s Short Stories 1980s
Authors: Kheirbek Taymaa H. 
Published: August 2021

Throughout history, literature has always played a key role in forming societies’ cultural heritage. Children Literature, in specific, is highly important since it helps the young readers to develop love and passion for reading which will eventually improve their emotional intelligence and creativity. It also nurtures significant social skills that enable the readers to have more positive attitudes about their lives. Nevertheless, children’s literature can turn into a tool to control children and brainwash them. Studying Iraqi children’s short stories during the 1980s shows how children are enculturated and treated as rich soil to sow the seeds of violence. In this paper, a selected number of short stories that were written during Iran-Iraq war are studied. It examines how these texts are engaged in literature of propaganda. It also focuses on the tools that are used to covey certain ideologies. The normalization, historicization, and mythologization of war are proved to be highly influential methods. Propagandistic and militaristic subjects and illustrations are also employed to convey implied ideological messages. The soldiers’ suffering is hidden while their death is celebrated. Instead of portraying the ferocity of war to remind young readers of its inhumane side, violence is encouraged, and the idea of peace is trivialized and rejected.
Identity Crisis in Martin Amis's Money and London Fields
Authors: Othman Abdelrahman J. , Mohammed Rebwar Z. 
Published: August 2021

Martin Amis’s novels are known for their representation of the dilemma of human beings in facing the problems of their age. Problems that may lead them to the status of crisis and expose them to sever psychological pain. This paper deals with issues related to identity and the traumatic conditions of the characters in two of Martin Amis's outstanding novels which are Money and London Fields. Using a descriptive analytic approach, I will be highlighting how these characters pass through a status of crisis while living in an era of material idolization and greed that results in death of love and human noble emotions which consequently lead them to the verge of apocalypses. Although the setting of these novels are United Kingdom (UK) and the United States of America (USA), the author wants to present the case as an international problem that may affect human life in different places of the world. Through a harsh language and a realistic manifestation, Amis is disclosing the true face of modernity which apparently is very attractive but deep inside is full of atrocities and disaster. I will also indicate how some of the main characters overcome the challenges they face and are able to find out their lost identities after paying high prices both emotionally and psychologically.
Prediction of Breast Cancer images Classification Using Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory and Two-Dimensional Convolutional Neural network
Authors: Adeniji Oluwashola David 
Published: August 2021

Breast cancer is most prevalent among women around the world and Nigeria is no exception in this menace. The increased in survival rate is due to the dramatic advancement in the screening methods, early diagnosis, and discovery in cancer treatments. There is an improvement in different strategies of breast cancer classification. A model for training deep neural networks for classiﬁcation of breast cancer in histopathological images was developed in this study. However, this images are aﬀected by data unbalance with the support of active learning. The output of the neural network on unlabeled samples was used to calculate weighted information entropy. It is utilized as uncertainty score for automatic selecting both samples with high and low conﬁdence. A threshold that decays over iteration number is used to decide which high conﬁdence samples should be concatenated with manually labeled samples and then used inﬁne-tuning of convolutional neural network. The neural network was optionally trained using weighted cross-entropy loss to better cope with bias towards the majority class. The developed model was compared with the existing model. The accuracy level of 98.3% was achieved for the developed model while the existing model 93.97%. The accuracy gain of 4.33%. was achieved as performance in the prediction of breast cancer .
Does Aristotle’s ‘Being Is Not a Genus’ Argument Entail Ontological Pluralism?
Authors: Czerkawski Maciej 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper differentiates between two readings of Aristotle’s argument that unity and being are not “genē” (UBANG for short). On the first reading – proposed by commentators such as Ackrill, Shields, Loux, and McDaniel – UBANG entails the proposition that there are no features that characterise all beings insofar as they are, referred to by its contemporary proponents, including McDaniel, as ‘ontological pluralism’. On the second reading – proposed here – UBANG does not entail this proposition. The paper argues that only on the second reading does Aristotle’s argument secure its conclusion, that the second reading is, in fact, the correct reading of UBANG, and that anyone who thinks that UBANG succeeds and entails ontological pluralism probably equivocates between two different senses of ‘genos’.
The atmospheric model of neural networks based on the improved Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm
Authors: Cui Wenhui , Qu Wei , Jiang Min , Yao Gang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Traditional atmospheric models are based on the analysis and fitting of various factors influencing the space atmosphere density. Neural network models do not specifically analyze the polynomials of each influencing factor in the atmospheric model, but use large data sets for network construction. Two traditional atmospheric model algorithms are analyzed, the main factors affecting the atmospheric model are identified, and an atmospheric model based on neural networks containing various influencing factors is proposed. According to the simulation error, the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is used to iteratively realize the rapid network weight correction, and the optimal neural network atmospheric model is obtained. The space atmosphere is simulated and calculated with an atmospheric model based on neural networks, and its average error rate is lower than that of traditional atmospheric models such as the DTM2013 model and the MSIS00 model. At the same time, the calculation complexity of the atmospheric model based on the neural networks is significantly simplified than that of the traditional atmospheric model.
Synthesis, chemo-informatics, and anticancer evaluation of fluorophenyl-isoxazole derivatives
Authors: Hawash Mohammed , Jaradat Nidal , Abualhasan Murad , Amer Johnny , Levent Serkan , Issa Shahd , Ibrahim Sameeha , Ayaseh Aseel , Shtayeh Tahrir , Mousa Ahmed 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The current study aimed to design and synthesize a novel series of fluorophenyl-isoxazole-carboxamide derivatives and evaluate their antiproliferative activities. Anticancer activities of the novel compounds were evaluated by MTS assay against four cancer cell lines, including liver (Hep3B, HepG2), cervical (HeLa), and breast (MCF-7), and α-fetoprotein tumor marker, cell cycle analysis, and annexin V tests. Chemo-informatics analysis showed that all synthesized derivatives 2a–2f obeyed Lipinski’s rule. Compound 2f was the most potent compound against Hep3B and Hep-G2 cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 5.76 and 34.64 µg/mL, respectively. Moreover, compounds 2a–2c and 2e showed potent inhibitory activity against Hep3B with an IC50 value range of 7.66–11.60 µg/mL. Hep3B secretions of α-fetoprotein (α-FP) results showed that compound 2f reduced the secretion of Hep3B to 168.33 ng/mL and compound 2d reduced the secretion to value approximately 598.33 ng/mL, in comparison with untreated cells’ value of 1116.67 ng/mL. Furthermore, cell cycle analysis showed that the 2f compound induced arrest in the G2-M phase in 6.73% of the total cells and that was lower than the activity of the positive control doxorubicin (7.4%). Moreover, 2b and 2f compounds reduced the necrosis rate of Hep3B to 4-folds and shifted the cells to apoptosis.
Socially mediated issue ownership
Authors: Sandberg Linn 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Given the growing importance of issue competition and the growing use of social media during elections, this study seeks to create a better understanding of how issue dynamics relating to political parties play out on social media. It tests whether issue ownership theory can explain how parties and issues are being discussed on Twitter and to what extent a mediated form of issue ownership aligns with citizens’ perceptions of issue ownership. The results indicate that perceptions of issue ownership as measured in representative surveys correlate with variations of what issues parties are linked with on Twitter. Some deviations also emerged, which possibly reflect short-term changes in parties’ issue competition. Understanding how issue ownership mediates through social media platforms is important in order to evaluate the role of social media in contemporary opinion forming processes and sheds light on the issue competition among political parties in online fora.