bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of local control, survival and toxicity outcomes
Authors: Shanker Mihir D. , Moodaley Pereshin , Soon Wei , Liu Howard Y. , Lee Yoo Young , Pryor David I. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThere is a growing body of literature supporting the use of stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) in the management of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This systematic review and meta‐analysis of the current published evidence for SABR for HCC assessed the impact of treatment dose, fractionation and tumour size on the outcomes of local control (LC), overall survival (OS) and toxicity. A systematic search was independently performed by two authors for articles published in peer‐reviewed journals between January 2005 and December 2019. A DerSimonian and Laird random effects model was used to assess pooled results. A multivariate meta‐regression analysis incorporated the effect of explanatory variables (radiation dose in EQD2[10], fractionation and tumour size) on outcomes of OS, LC and toxicity. Forty‐nine cohorts involving 2846 HCC patients with 3088 lesions treated with SABR were included. Pooled 1‐, 2‐ and 3‐year LC rates were 91.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 88.3–93.2), 86.7% (95% CI 82.7–89.8) and 84.2% (95% CI 77.9–88.9) respectively. Pooled 1‐, 2‐ and 3‐year OS rates were 78.4% (95% CI 73.4–82.6), 61.3% (55.2–66.9) and 48.3% (95% CI 39.0–57). Population‐weighted median grade 3 toxicity rates were 6.5% (IQR 3.2–16) and mean grade 4/5 rates were 1.4% (IQR 0–2.1). Within EQD2[10] ranges of 40 to 83.33 Gy corresponding to common dose‐fractionation regimens of 30–50 Gy in 5 fractions, there was a multivariate association between superior LC and OS with increasing EQD2[10], with a proportionately smaller increase in grade 3 toxicity and no association with grade 4/5 toxicity. Stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy is a viable treatment option for HCC with high LC rates and low rates of reported grade 3/4 toxicity. Increasing EQD2[10] was associated with improvements in LC and OS with a comparatively smaller increase in toxicity. Prospective randomised trials are warranted to define optimal patient selection and dose‐fractionation regimens.
Towards reproducible metabarcoding data: Lessons from an international cross‐laboratory experiment
Authors: Zaiko Anastasija , Greenfield Paul , Abbott Cathryn , von Ammon Ulla , Bilewitch Jaret , Bunce Michael , Cristescu Melania E. , Chariton Anthony , Dowle Eddy , Geller Jonathan , Ardura Gutierrez Alba , Hajibabaei Mehrdad , Haggard Emmet , Inglis Graeme J. , Lavery Shane D. , Samuiloviene Aurelija , Simpson Tiffany , Stat Michael , Stephenson Sarah , Sutherland Judy , Thakur Vibha , Westfall Kristen , Wood Susanna A. , Wright Michael , Zhang Guang , Pochon Xavier 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAdvances in high‐throughput sequencing (HTS) are revolutionizing monitoring in marine environments by enabling rapid, accurate and holistic detection of species within complex biological samples. Research institutions worldwide increasingly employ HTS methods for biodiversity assessments. However, variance in laboratory procedures, analytical workflows and bioinformatic pipelines impede the transferability and comparability of results across research groups. An international experiment was conducted to assess the consistency of metabarcoding results derived from identical samples and primer sets using varying laboratory procedures. Homogenized biofouling samples collected from four coastal locations (Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the USA) were distributed to 12 independent laboratories. Participants were asked to follow one of two HTS library preparation workflows. While DNA extraction, primers and bioinformatic analyses were purposefully standardized to allow comparison, many other technical variables were allowed to vary among laboratories (amplification protocols, type of instrument used, etc.). Despite substantial variation observed in raw results, the primary signal in the data was consistent, with the samples grouping strongly by geographical origin for all data sets. Simplepost hocdata clean‐up by removing low‐quality samples gave the best improvement in sample classification for nuclear 18S rRNA gene data, with an overall 92.81% correct group attribution. For mitochondrialCOIgene data, the best classification result (95.58%) was achieved after correction for contamination errors. The identified critical methodological factors that introduced the greatest variability (preservation buffer, sample defrosting, template concentration, DNA polymerase, PCR enhancer) should be of great assistance in standardizing future biodiversity studies using metabarcoding.
Systematic review: radiomics for the diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Harding‐Theobald Emily , Louissaint Jeremy , Maraj Bharat , Cuaresma Edward , Townsend Whitney , Mendiratta‐Lala Mishal , Singal Amit G. , Su Grace L. , Lok Anna S. , Parikh Neehar D. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryBackgroundAdvances in imaging technology have the potential to transform the early diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through quantitative image analysis. Computational “radiomic” techniques extract biomarker information from images which can be used to improve diagnosis and predict tumour biology.AimsTo perform a systematic review on radiomic features in HCC diagnosis and prognosis, with a focus on reporting metrics and methodologic standardisation.MethodsWe performed a systematic review of all full‐text articles published from inception through December 1, 2019. Standardised data extraction and quality assessment metrics were applied to all studies.ResultsA total of 54 studies were included for analysis. Radiomic features demonstrated good discriminatory performance to differentiate HCC from other solid lesions (c‐statistics 0.66‐0.95), and to predict microvascular invasion (c‐statistic 0.76‐0.92), early recurrence after hepatectomy (c‐statistics 0.71‐0.86), and prognosis after locoregional or systemic therapies (c‐statistics 0.74‐0.81). Common stratifying features for diagnostic and prognostic radiomic tools included analyses of imaging skewness, analysis of the peritumoural region, and feature extraction from the arterial imaging phase. The overall quality of the included studies was low, with common deficiencies in both internal and external validation, standardised imaging segmentation, and lack of comparison to a gold standard.ConclusionsQuantitative image analysis demonstrates promise as a non‐invasive biomarker to improve HCC diagnosis and management. However, standardisation of protocols and outcome measurement, sharing of algorithms and analytic methods, and external validation are necessary prior to widespread application of radiomics to HCC diagnosis and prognosis in clinical practice.
Propagule availability drives post‐wildfire recovery of peatland plant communities
Authors: Shepherd Harry E. R. , Catford Jane A. , Steele Magda N. , Dumont Marc G. , Mills Robert T. E. , Hughes Paul D. M. , Robroek Bjorn J. M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractQuestionNorthern peatlands are increasingly threatened by wildfire. Severe peatland wildfires can provide opportunities for new non‐peatland species to colonise post fire. Changes in plant colonisation could lead to longer‐term shifts in community composition, compromising recovery of peatland structure and function. Understanding the process of post‐fire recovery can thus inform restoration action and help restore peatland vascular plant communities. In this study, we ask: what drives initial vascular plant recovery following a peatland wildfire?LocationStalybridge moors, England (commonly referred to as the Saddleworth moors).MethodsWe used a series of vegetation surveys and seed germination experiments to identify the composition of vascular plant community one‐year post fire, along with potential propagule sources. We combined this with plant trait data and, using a series of null models, compared observed community trait values against random species assemblages.ResultsOur data suggests that plant species are able to arrive at the burned site through multiple non‐exclusive recolonisation pathways. This includes colonisation through the soil seed bank, along with dispersal from surrounding unburned peatland and non‐peatland vegetation. The composition and structure of the recolonised communities was largely determined by the ability of species to reach the post‐fire site from these donor communities. This resulted in a post‐fire community composed of species possessing lower seed masses relative to the wider pool of potential colonisers.ConclusionsOur results highlight propagule availability as a driver of post‐wildfire vascular plant recovery. This provides opportunities for new non‐peatland species to colonise, potentially driving changes in the direction of vegetation recovery. Ensuring the availability of peatland species following a wildfire could therefore be key to the immediate recovery of these systems.
Aktuelle Konzepte zu ektopen Lymphknoten‐Einschlüssen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung nodaler Nävi
Authors: Müller Cornelia Sigrid Lissi , Müller Stephan G. , Vogt Thomas , Pföhler Claudia 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungEinschlüsse ektopen Gewebes in Lymphknoten sind recht häufige Befunde in Dermatopathologie und allgemeiner Pathologie. In den Lymphknoten finden sich glanduläre und nicht‐glanduläre Epithelien, aber auch melanozytäre Nävi. Meist handelt es sich um Zufallsbefunde ohne Relevanz. Bei der Beschreibung morphologischer Befunde ist es allerdings wichtig, solche benignen Einschlüsse von metastatischen Absiedlungen bestimmter Organtumoren sicher abzugrenzen. Biopsien des „Wächterlymphknotens“ und Lymphknotendissektionen sind heute Standard in der klinischen Onkologie und haben erhebliche Auswirkungen auf den Behandlungsverlauf. Nodale Einschlüsse müssen korrekt bestimmt werden, um eine Über‐ oder Unterbehandlung der Patienten zu vermeiden. Hinzu kommt, dass die Entstehung solcher Einschlüsse noch nicht ausreichend geklärt ist. Derzeit existieren zwei Konzepte ‐ die Theorie der benignen Metastasen und die Theorie der unterbrochenen Migration. Allerdings konnte bisher keine der beiden Theorien die folgenden Fragen beantworten: Warum finden wir mehr nodale Nävi bei Melanompatienten, bei denen eine Biopsie des Wächterlymphknotens vorgenommen wurde, als bei Patienten ohne Melanom? Und warum gibt es in tiefen viszeralen Lymphknoten keine nodalen Nävi? Wir geben hier einen umfassenden Überblick über nodale Einschlüsse und präsentieren eine Theorie der Pathogenese nodaler Nävi, um die obengenannten Fragen zu beantworten.
Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures treated as epileptic seizures in the emergency department
Authors: Lehn Alexander , Watson Emily , Ryan Elizabeth G. , Jones Maryon , Cheah Vince , Dionisio Sasha 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to estimate the rate of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) among patients presenting to an emergency department with presumed seizures. We also wanted to identify factors that can assist health care professionals in determining whether these events are likely to be epileptic or nonepileptic.MethodsWe performed two retrospective audits on patients who were treated for seizures in the department of emergency medicine at the Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia. Exploratory analyses and logistic regressions were conducted to investigate the characteristics of the presentations and the relationships between our variables of interest.ResultsIn the group of all presentations with presumed seizures over a 3‐month period (n = 157), a total of 151 presentations (96.2%) presentations were given a primary diagnosis of epileptic seizures. Of these 151 presentations, only 84 (55.6%) presented with epileptic seizures and 40 (26.5%) actually presented with PNES. In the group of patients who presented with prolonged and/or multiple events (n = 213) over a 1‐year period, 196 (92.0%) were treated as epileptic seizures. Of these 196 presentations, only 85 (43.4%) presented with epileptic seizures and 97 (49.5%) actually presented with PNES. Several factors were identified to help risk stratify between epileptic seizures and PNES: Duration of events and of the postictal phase, number of events, presence of a structural brain pathology, mental health history, lactate levels and presence of tongue bite, incontinence, and/or vomiting.SignificanceA large proportion of people who present to emergency departments with events resembling epileptic seizures actually have PNES rather than epilepsy—particularly those patients who present with prolonged and/or multiple events. The rate of misdiagnosis was high. Efforts need to be made to recognize patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures earlier and diagnose them correctly to avoid unnecessary iatrogenic harm and to provide adequate treatment.
Employment impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic across metropolitan status and size
Authors: Cho Seung Jin , Lee Jun Yeong , Winters John V. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe use individual‐level data from the United States Current Population Survey to examine effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on employment losses across metropolitan area status and population size. Job losses spiked in April 2020, and partially recovered in subsequent months. Non‐metropolitan and metropolitan areas of all sizes experienced significant employment losses, but the impacts were much larger in large metropolitan areas. The COVID‐19 infection rate was initially higher in large metropolitan areas and this is a significant factor explaining the higher early employment losses in large metropolitan areas. However, higher job losses for large metropolitan areas persisted through summer and fall 2020 even after COVID‐19 infection rates became higher in less populous areas. We find evidence of persistent effects of early COVID‐19 infection rates on later employment.
Permeability Decline by Clay Fines Migration around a Low‐Salinity Fluid Injection Well
Authors: Cihan Abdullah , Petrusak Robin , Bhuvankar Pramod , Alumbaugh David , Trautz Robert , Birkholzer Jens T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMigration of clay fines can be a concern when less saline fluids are injected into brine‐saturated sandstone formations containing clays. If the salinity near fluid injection wells decreases below a critical value, the clay fines near the injection may detach, start migrating, and finally clog the pores. This effect can cause permeability decline near the well and may rapidly reduce the well injectivity. The focus of this work is on evaluating the impacts of clay fines migration on permeability decline in the field, using a numerical model and pressure buildup data collected during successive variable‐rate water injections in a deep sandstone reservoir. The numerical model accounts for the mixing of low‐salinity water with native brine and the migration of clay fines with the detachment and pore‐clogging processes. The model interpretation of the pressure buildup data implies that the observed reduction in well injectivity is mainly associated with the clay fines migration and related pore clogging near the well. The model reasonably well represents the pressure buildup data during the injections. Our simulations demonstrate that the permeability near the well can rapidly decline within the first hour of injection. The measured pressure buildup in post‐injection periods appears to decay more rapidly, compared to the simulation results of the model that assume irreversible permeability damage. This raises the question whether the permeability damage may be partly reversible near the well by backflow of brine after the injection of low‐salinity water.
Tetracycline‐levofloxacin versus amoxicillin‐levofloxacin quadruple therapies in the second‐line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Hsu Ping‐I , Tsay Feng‐Woei , Kao John Y. , Peng Nan‐Jing , Chen Yan‐Hua , Tang Sheng‐Yeh , Kuo Chao‐Hung , Kao Sung‐Shuo , Wang Huay‐Min , Wu I‐Ting , Shie Chang‐Bih , Chuah Seng‐Kee , Wu Deng‐Chyang ,   the Taiwan Acid‐related Disease, Microbiota (TARD‐M) Consortium
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Maastricht V/Florence Consensus Report recommends amoxicillin‐fluoroquinolone triple or quadruple therapy as a second‐line treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection. An important caveat of amoxicillin‐fluoroquinolone rescue therapy is poor eradication efficacy in the presence of fluoroquinolone resistance. The study aimed to investigate the efficacies of tetracycline‐levofloxacin (TL) quadruple therapy and amoxicillin‐levofloxacin (AL) quadruple therapy in the second‐line treatment of H. pylori infection.MethodsConsecutive H. pylori‐infected subjects after the failure of first‐line therapies were randomly allocated to receive either TL quadruple therapy (tetracycline 500 mg QID, levofloxacin 500 mg QD, esomeprazole 40 mg BID, and tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate 300 mg QID) or AL quadruple therapy (amoxicillin 500 mg QID, levofloxacin 500 mg QD, esomeprazole 40 mg BID, and tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate 300 mg QID) for 10 days. Post‐treatment H. pylori status was assessed 6 weeks after the end of therapy.ResultsThe study was early terminated after an interim analysis. In the TL quadruple group, 50 out of 56 patients (89.3%) had successful eradication of H. pylori infection. Cure of H. pylori infection was achieved only in 39 of 52 patients (69.6%) receiving AL quadruple therapy. Intention‐to‐treat analysis showed that TL quadruple therapy achieved a markedly higher eradication rate than AL quadruple therapy (95% confidence interval: 4.8% to 34.6%; p = 0.010). Further analysis revealed that TL quadruple therapy had a high eradication rate for both levofloxacin‐susceptible and resistant strains (100% and 88.9%). In contrast, AL quadruple therapy yielded a high eradication for levofloxacin‐susceptible strains (90.9%) but a poor eradication efficacy for levofloxacin‐resistant strains (50.0%). The two therapies exhibited comparable frequencies of adverse events (37.5% vs 21.4%) and drug adherence (98.2% vs 94.6%).ConclusionsTen‐day TL quadruple therapy is more effective than AL quadruple therapy in the second‐line treatment of H. pylori infection in a population with high levofloxacin resistance.
Naissance, disparition et remplacement d'un dispositif de réglementation transnationale des questions sociales au Bangladesh
Authors: KANG Youbin 
Published: August 2021

RésuméCinq ans après la catastrophe du Rana Plaza, qui a causé la mort de 1 133 ouvriers du secteur de l'habillement en 2013, la plus haute juridiction du Bangladesh a abrogé l'Accord sur la sécurité incendie et bâtiments au Bangladesh, programme multipartite destiné à renforcer la protection des travailleurs de la branche. Dans cette analyse, fondée sur des documents d'archive et des observations ethnographiques, l'autrice montre que cette tentative de réglementation transnationale prometteuse a certes amélioré la sécurité dans les usines, mais qu'elle n'a jamais été complètement institutionnalisée sur le terrain. Un manque d'adhésion des employeurs, des travailleurs et des autorités expliquerait cet échec.
Conflicto y relaciones laborales en los servicios de taxi y de limpieza viaria en China: una normalización fallida
Authors: ZHANG Hao , FRIEDMAN Eli 
Published: August 2021

ResumenLa privatización de los servicios municipales en las ciudades chinas a partir de los años noventa desencadenó una oleada de huelgas a partir de la década de 2000 que impulsó un proceso de normalización de las condiciones de trabajo. Los autores analizan el caso de los servicios de limpieza viaria y de taxi de las ciudades de Wenzhou y Guangzhou y constatan tres estrategias de normalización de las administraciones locales: la sindicación, la aplicación de políticas públicas y la consolidación sectorial. Los resultados han sido poco concluyentes y los conflictos persisten. Los autores proponen un esquema para comparar las estrategias identificadas con las históricamente institucionalizadas en Occidente.
Comparing the effectiveness of shade measurement by intraoral scanner, digital spectrophotometer, and visual shade assessment
Authors: Czigola Alexandra , Róth Ivett , Vitai Viktória , Fehér Dóra , Hermann Péter , Borbély Judit 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTrios3 (3Shape, Denmark) intraoral scanner is complete with a tooth shade measurement function, but there is limited information about its efficacy. This in vivo study aimed to evaluate this function in relation to visual and spectrophotometric shade determination.Materials and MethodsTen dental students from Semmelweis University determined tooth shade for 10 volunteers using Vita A1‐D4 (VC) and Vita Linearguide 3D‐Master (LG) guides, Vita Easyshade spectrophotometer (ES) and Trios 3 intraoral scanner (TR). First and last patient was always the same (Patient R). Intrapersonal repeatability was calculated. Four selected shades of each tooth were presented to student, supervisor, and patient to select best match. Selection percentages were calculated. The supervisor's best match was the reference (∆E00).ResultsMedian ∆E00 of Patient R: TR 1.09; VC 1.5; ES 2.35; LG 3.1. The percentages of best match: VC 16.7%.; TR 21.64%; ES 26.58%; LG 34.08%. Median ∆E00 of students' and supervisor's best match: LG 2.73; ES 4.29; TR 4.29; VC 16.35. TR was the most repeatable. The most “best‐match shade tabs” were selected using LG. VC shade tabs was the least consistent with the examined teeth.ConclusionsTR can be used for shade selection with a 3D‐Master tooth color system with visual verification.Clinical SignificanceCorrect tooth shade determination is one of the most important step in making esthetic restorations. New shade matching systems have been developed to surpass the visual method of shade determination. There are new intraoral scanners with built‐in shade measurement functions. Digital shade determination methods are more independent from the environmental circumstances, and with intraoral scanners, it is easy to measure the tooth shade by taking a digital impression at the same time. These new devices may be a reliable alternative method for shade selection with visual verification.
Voluntary disclosure of Sustainable Development Goals in mandatory non‐financial reports: The moderating role of cultural dimension
Authors: Pizzi Simone , Del Baldo Mara , Caputo Fabio , Venturelli Andrea 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Directive 2014/95/EU represents one of the main innovations introduced by the European Commission to encourage large companies to disclose their contribution to sustainable development. Since its introduction, the Directive 2014/95/EU has put into motion an intense debate about its effectiveness. Academics and policymakers agreed on the need to rethink mandatory non‐financial reporting to enhance the contribution to the 2030 Agenda. In fact, despite a quantitative increase in the overall number of non‐financial reports published yearly in Europe, only a limited number of companies explicitly disclose information about their contribution to the SDGs. In this sense, the disclosure of information about SDGs is driven by factors related to institutional and organizational dynamics. Building on a sample of 873 Public Interest Entities, an empirical analysis was conducted to fill the theoretical gap about the enabling role covered by cultural factors on SDG reporting. The analysis revealed that companies operating in institutional contexts characterized by long‐term orientation and an adequate degree of balance between indulgence and restraints are more oriented to disclose their contributions to the SDGs. Our insights underlined the need to consider cultural dimensions in policymaking and standard‐setting to encourage large companies to voluntarily disclose their contribution to 2030 Agenda.