bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ICF Core Sets for the assessment of functioning of adults with cerebral palsy
Authors: Noten Suzie , Selb Melissa , Troenosemito Lorenzo A A , Thorpe Deborah E , Rodby‐Bousquet Elisabet , van der Slot Wilma M A , Roebroeck Marij E ,   the ICF Core Set for Adults with CP Consensus Group
Published: November 2021

AimTo report on the results of the online international consensus process to develop the comprehensive and brief International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Core Sets for adults with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodAn online iterative decision‐making and consensus process involved 25 experts, including clinicians and researchers working with adults with CP, an adult with CP, and the parents of adults with CP from all six regions of the World Health Organization. The most relevant categories were selected from a list of 154 unique second‐level candidate categories to develop the ICF Core Sets for adults with CP. This list resulted from evidence gathered during four preparatory studies, that is, a systematic literature review, a qualitative study, an expert survey, and an empirical study.ResultsThe consensus process resulted in the comprehensive ICF Core Set containing 120 second‐level ICF categories: 33 body functions; eight body structures; 50 activities and participation; and 29 environmental factors, from which the most essential categories, 33 in total, were selected for the brief ICF Core Set. For body functions, most of the categories were mental functions and neuromusculoskeletal and movement‐related functions. Body structures were mostly related to movement. All the chapters of the activities and participation component were represented, with mobility and self‐care as the most frequently covered chapters. For environmental factors, most of the categories addressed products and technology and services, systems, and policies.InterpretationThe comprehensive and brief ICF Core Sets for adults with CP were created using a new online version of an established ICF Core Set consensus process. These Core Sets complement the age‐specific ICF Core Sets for children and young people with CP and will promote standardized data collection worldwide.
Managing hyperglycaemia during antenatal steroid administration, labour and birth in pregnant women with diabetes – an updated guideline from the Joint British Diabetes Society for Inpatient Care
Authors: Dashora Umesh , Levy Nicholas , Dhatariya Ketan , Willer Nina , Castro Erwin , Murphy Helen R. ,   the Joint British Diabetes Societies In Patient group
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article summarises the Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care guidelines on the management of glycaemia in pregnant women with diabetes on obstetric wards and delivery units, Joint British Diabetes Societies (JBDS) for Inpatient Care Group, ABCD (Diabetes Care) Ltd. The updated guideline offers two approaches – the traditional approach with tight glycaemic targets (4.0–7.0 mmol/L) and an updated pragmatic approach (5.0–8.0 mmol/L) to reduce the risk of maternal hypoglycaemia whilst maintaining safe glycaemia. This is particularly relevant for women with type 1 diabetes who are increasingly using Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) and Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion (CSII) during pregnancy. All women with diabetes should have a documented delivery plan agreed during antenatal clinic appointments. Hyperglycaemia following steroid administration can be managed either by increasing basal and prandial insulin doses, typically by 50% to 80%, or by adding a variable rate of intravenous insulin infusion (VRIII). Glucose levels, either capillary blood glucose or CGM glucose levels, should be measured at least hourly from the onset of established labour, artificial rupture of membranes or admission for elective caesarean section. If intrapartum glucose levels are higher than 7.0 or 8.0 mmol/L on two consecutive occasions, VRIII is recommended. Hourly capillary blood glucose rather than CGM glucose measurements should be used to adjust VRIII. The recommended substrate fluid to be administered alongside a VRIII is 0.9% sodium chloride solution with 5% glucose and 0.15% potassium chloride (KCl) (20 mmol/L) or 0.3% KCl (40 mmol/L) at 50 ml/hr. Both the VRIII and CSII rates should be reduced by at least 50% after delivery.
Corruption, gender, and small‐scale cross‐border trade in East Africa: A review
Authors: Klopp Jacqueline M. , Trimble Melissa , Wiseman Eleanor 
Published: November 2021

SummaryMotivationSmall‐scale cross‐border trade is critically important to livelihoods and food security in East Africa, but bribes, harassment, and violence remain serious problems. Based on current research, we ask which anti‐corruption interventions tend to work to improve the conditions of these traders?PurposeThis article critically and systematically reviews a growing literature on small‐scale cross‐border trade, corruption, and gender. The aim is to synthesize and assess the current state of knowledge, highlight progress, and gaps, and assess the potential of anti‐corruption programmes to address the needs of traders.Methods and approachA systematic literature review with supplementary interviews with traders and policy actors.FindingsWe found research is increasingly drawing on diversifying interdisciplinary methods and focusing on individual trader behaviours, networks, interactions with state actors, and, increasingly, on gendered dynamics; more work might focus on state actors, especially the police, and what determines how bribes function and their levels. Associations, civil society, and the platforms, both informal and formal, by which traders voice concern and confront government officials, as well as how traders choose between formal and informal pathways, and how these pathways interact, require more attention.Policy implicationsGovernment reforms like the One Stop Border Post, need to be better tailored to the specific, gendered needs of small‐scale cross‐border traders. Simplifying and reducing formal border procedures, reducing tariffs, improving information desks and complaints mechanisms are all needed to enhance access and accountability. Programmes that support access to capital, business support, networking, and knowledge around border procedures have positive impacts, as do those that promote strong associations to put to the government the specific needs of small‐scale traders. Police reform tailored to border areas is also required.
Elevated uric acid is related to the no‐/slow‐reflow phenomenon in STEMI undergoing primary PCI
Authors: Hu Xiangming , Yang Xing , Li Xida , Li Guang , Zhou Yingling , Dong Haojian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundNo‐/slow‐reflow phenomenon (NRP) is a severe complication in patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). This study aimed to explore the relationship between elevated serum uric acid (SUA) and NRP in patients with STEMI undergoing pPCI, focusing on inflammation and angiographic findings.MethodsA total of 610 patients who received pPCI for STEMI were retrospectively enrolled. Patients were divided into a hyperuricaemia group and a non‐hyperuricaemia group according to SUA levels. Clinical information and angiographic indicators were compared between the two groups. Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow and TIMI myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG) <3 after stent implantation were defined as TIMI‐NRP and TMPG‐NRP, respectively. A logistic model was used to analyse the relationship between hyperuricaemia and NRP.ResultsThe hyperuricaemia group had a higher incidence of TIMI‐NRP (24.9% vs 14.0%, p < .001) and TMPG‐NRP (33.0% vs 24.9%, p = .03), higher levels of C‐reactive protein (7.2 vs 4.1 mg/L, p < .001) and worse left ventricular ejection fraction (51.5% vs 54.0%, p = .002) than the non‐hyperuricaemia group. As for angiographic findings, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of lesion characteristics measured by quantitative coronary angiography. After multivariable adjustment, elevated SUA was significantly associated with TIMI‐NRP (odds ratio: 1.94, 95% confidence interval: 1.24–3.01, p = .003). Subgroup analysis showed that the effect of hyperuricaemia in TIMI‐NRP was more pronounced in patients with delayed perfusion as well as in patients with diabetes mellitus.ConclusionsElevated SUA is associated with severe inflammation and has higher incidence of TIMI‐NRP in patients with STEMI undergoing pPCI, especially in those with delayed perfusion or diabetes mellitus.
Seattle's local minimum wage and earnings inequality
Authors: Long Mark C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDuring the past 6 years, a wave of local minimum wage laws passed in the United States with policymakers and advocates framing the policy as a means of reducing income inequality. This report evaluates whether one of the first of these efforts, Seattle's $15 minimum wage ordinance, lowered inequality of earnings of workers in the city. I find that inequality among workers who earned less than the city's median wage was modestly reduced, yet overall earnings inequality substantially increased during the period in which the ordinance was phased in, likely for reasons unrelated to the minimum wage law.
Empathy and sibling relationship dynamics of women in emerging adulthood: Mixed‐method research
Authors: Gungordu Nahide , Ozturk Burcu , Hernandez‐Reif Maria 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to explore sibling relationship quality and empathy of women in emerging adulthood.BackgroundThe gender composition of siblings is a significant feature affecting their relationship dynamics. In particular, women, compared with men, report closer sibling relationships with their sisters and brothers. Similarly, women are better at understanding and experiencing empathy. However, it is unclear whether these empathic tendencies displayed by women are connected to their sibling relationship quality or whether affective and cognitive empathy skills may relate to sibling relationship dynamics.MethodsA mixed‐method explanatory sequential design was used to evaluate sibling relationships of emerging adult women (N = 284) with standardized questionnaires and explain the reasons behind the results by interviewing a subsample of the participants (n = 9).ResultsResults indicated that affective empathy and cognitive empathy were linked to sibling relationship quality of women, and major issues in the family play a crucial role in sibling closeness and empathy.ConclusionThe current study expands our understanding of the association between empathy and sibling relationship dynamics for emerging adult women.ImplicationsPrograms designed to improve sibling relationship quality may facilitate empathy development, particularly during family crises such as divorce, death, or disease.
Unexpected high retention of15N‐labeled nitrogen in a tropical legume forest under long‐term nitrogen enrichment
Authors: Mao Jinhua , Mao Qinggong , Gundersen Per , Gurmesa Geshere A. , Zhang Wei , Huang Juan , Wang Senhao , Li Andi , Wang Yufang , Guo Yabing , Liu Rongzhen , Mo Jiangming , Zheng Mianhai 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe responses of forests to nitrogen (N) deposition largely depend on the fates of deposited N within the ecosystem. Nitrogen‐fixing legume trees widely occur in terrestrial forests, but the fates of deposited N in legume‐dominated forests remain unclear, which limit a global evaluation of N deposition impacts and feedbacks on carbon sequestration. Here, we performed the first ecosystem‐scale15N labeling experiment in a typical legume‐dominated forest as well as in a nearby non‐legume forest to determine the fates of N deposition between two different forest types and to explore their underlying mechanisms. The15N was sprayed bimonthly for 1 year to the forest floor in control and N addition (50 kg N ha−1 year−1for 10 years) plots in both forests. We unexpectedly found a strong capacity of the legume forest to retain deposited N, with 75 ± 5% labeled N recovered in plants and soils, which was higher than that in the non‐legume forest (56 ± 4%). The higher15N recovery in legume forest was mainly driven by uptake by the legume trees, in which15N recovery was approximately 15% more than that in the nearby non‐legume trees. This indicates higher N‐demand by the legume than non‐legume trees. Mineral soil was the major sink for deposited N, with 39 ± 4% and 34 ± 3% labeled N retained in the legume and non‐legume forests, respectively. Moreover, N addition did not significantly change the15N recovery patterns of both forests. Overall, these findings indicate that legume‐dominated forests act as a strong sink for deposited N regardless of high soil N availability under long‐term atmospheric N deposition, which suggest a necessity to incorporate legume‐dominated forests into N‐cycling models of Earth systems to improve the understanding and prediction of terrestrial N budgets and the global N deposition effects.
Long‐term trends in gastropod abundance and biodiversity: Disentangling effects of press versus pulse disturbances
Authors: Willig Michael R. , Presley Steven J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimClimate‐induced pulse (e.g., hurricanes) and press (e.g., global warming) disturbances represent threats to populations, communities, and the ecosystem services that they provide. We leveraged three decades of annual data on tropical gastropods to quantify the effects of major hurricanes, associated secondary succession, and global warming on abundance, biodiversity, and species composition.LocationLuquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico.MethodsGastropod abundance, biodiversity, and composition were estimated annually for each of 27 years in a tropical montane forest that experienced three major hurricanes (Hugo, Georges, and Maria). Generalized linear mixed‐effects, linear mixed‐effects, and linear models evaluated population‐ and community‐level responses to year, ambient temperature, understorey temperature, hurricane, and time since hurricane. Variation partitioning determined the unique and shared variation in biotic responses associated with temperature, disturbance, and succession.ResultsRather than declining, gastropod abundances generally increased through time, whereas the responses of biodiversity were weak and scale dependent. Hurricanes and associated secondary succession, rather than ambient atmospheric temperature, moulded long‐term trends in abundances and biodiversity.Main conclusionsGlobal warming over the past 30 years has not progressed sufficiently to elicit significant responses by gastropods in the Luquillo Mountains. Rather, effects from pulse disturbances (i.e., hurricanes) and secondary succession currently drive long‐term variation in abundance and biodiversity. Gastropods evince high resilience in this tropical ecosystem. Historical exposure to recurrent hurricanes likely imbued the fauna with broad niches that make them resistant to current levels of global warming. We predict that biotic resiliency will be challenged once changes in temperature exceed interannual and inter‐habitat differences that typify this hurricane‐mediated system, or combine with an increased frequency of hurricanes and droughts to alter associations among environmental characteristics that define the fundamental niches of species. Only then might significant declines in abundance or the appearance of novel communities characterize the gastropod fauna in the Luquillo Mountains.
Key roles for the freezing line and disturbance in driving the low plant species richness of temperate regions
Authors: Rana Suresh K. , White Alexander E. , Price Trevor D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimAt the macroscale, climate strongly correlates with species richness gradients, resulting from differences in in‐situ diversification and dispersal. One historical explanation for the pattern is that regions spanning temperate climates contain few species because past disturbances have generated high extinction rates, and species from tropical regions are unable to easily colonize temperate regions. We test these postulates for Himalayan plants, which span subtropical to temperate climates over steep elevational gradients.LocationHimalaya.Time periodPresent day.Major taxa studiedAngiosperms.MethodsWe use a comprehensive survey of 31 floras to document the elevational and geographical distributions of native Himalayan plants, augmented by field studies of trees in both the east and west Himalaya. We use grade of membership models to cluster species according to locations shared and phylogenetic analysis to evaluate diversification rates.ResultsSpecies fall into four cohesive biotas, organized by climate. Points of turnover between biotas occur where the mean minimum temperature of the coldest month is approximately 0 °C (2,000–2,500 m), and at the point of occasional annual freezing (1,000–1,500 m); these boundaries run the length of the Himalaya. The patterns are retained when we consider whole clades rather than species. All plants (and the subsets trees, herbs and shrubs) belonging to the biota above the 2,000–2,500 m line have higher recent speciation rates than those lower down.Main conclusionsWe attribute the high rate of recent speciation in temperate climates to high rates of turnover, creating ecological and geographical opportunity. The high elevation biota has few species, but spans the largest area, implying species numbers are far from any carrying capacity, at least with respect to accumulation of allopatric forms. This study thus links climatic restrictions of clades to differences in diversification rates, and by inference species numbers.
Regional polarization in Turkey
Authors: Yılmaz Ensar , Kaplan Zeynep 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study using household data, we aim to track the trends in regional income polarization in Turkey and focus on the extent of and trends in regional income disparity. With the help of classical and newly developed indexes and decomposition methodologies, we estimate the polarization level, temporal trends and the decomposition within and between regions of the western and eastern regions in Turkey. We also analysed the impact of being in the east or in the west on income polarization, controlling for other individual and household characteristics. To shed more light on the underlying mechanisms behind the polarization between two regions, we performed an ordered logit regression.
Early experience of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma BCLC‐B stage patients classified as beyond up to seven criteria – Multicenter analysis
Authors: Hiraoka Atsushi , Kumada Takashi , Tada Toshifumi , Hirooka Masashi , Kariyama Kazuya , Tani Joji , Atsukawa Masanori , Takaguchi Koichi , Itobayashi Ei , Fukunishi Shinya , Tsuji Kunihiko , Ishikawa Toru , Tajiri Kazuto , Ochi Hironori , Yasuda Satoshi , Toyoda Hidenori , Ogawa Chikara , Nishimura Takashi , Hatanaka Takeshi , Kakizaki Satoru , Shimada Noritomo , Kawata Kazuhito , Naganuma Atsushi , Tanaka Takaaki , Ohama Hideko , Nouso Kazuhiro , Morishita Asahiro , Tsutsui Akemi , Nagano Takuya , Itokawa Norio , Okubo Tomomi , Arai Taeang , Imai Michitaka , Koizumi Yohei , Nakamura Shinichiro , Joko Kouji , Iijima Hiroko , Hiasa Yoichi , Kudo Masatoshi ,   the Real‐life Practice Experts for HCC (RELPEC) Study Group,   HCC 48 Group (Hepatocellular Carcinoma Experts from 48 Clinics in Japan
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground/AimAlthough systemic therapy is recommended for patients with multiple intermediate stage unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (u‐HCC) classified as beyond the up‐to‐7 criteria (UT‐7 out/multiple) as a transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) unsuitable condition, few reports have examined the therapeutic efficacy of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab combination therapy (Atez/Bev) in such cases. This study aimed to elucidate the therapeutic response of Atez/Bev in u‐HCC patients classified as UT‐7 out/multiple.Material/MethodsFrom September 2020 to September 2021, 95 u‐HCC Japanese patients classified as UT‐7 out/multiple/Child‐Pugh A were enrolled from 21 institutions (median age 76 years, males 73, Child‐Pugh 5:6 = 68:27, TNM stage II:III = 17:78). Therapeutic response was retrospectively evaluated using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), ver. 1.1 and modified RECIST (mRECIST).ResultsAtez/Bev was given as first‐line treatment to 52 (54.7%). Objective response rate (ORR)/disease control rate (DCR) at six weeks of RECIST and mRECIST were 17.7%/84.7% and 42.5%/86.2%, respectively. Median PFS was 8.0 months (median observation period: 6.0 months). Child‐Pugh A/modified Albumin‐bilirubin grade (mALBI) 1 and 2a at baseline, 3, 6, and 9 weeks, were 100%/69.4%, 89.8%/57.3%, 94.8%/65.3%, and 91.4%/60.0%, respectively. Among adverse events (any‐grade, >10%) during the present observation period, general fatigue was most frequent (23.2%), followed by urine protein (21.1%), appetite loss (20.0%), and hypertension (13.7%).ConclusionAtez/Bev treatment showed favorable therapeutic response with less influence on hepatic function, suggesting it as a useful therapeutic option for patients with such condition.
Preparation of SiC coated graphite flake with much improved performance via a molten salt shielded method
Authors: Yin Yicheng , Wang Shijie , Zhang Shaowei , Cui Junyan , Liu Xinhong , Jia Quanli 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOxide‐based castables have been used in high‐temperature furnace linings, especially for steel and iron processing, however, the poor thermal shock resistance and corrosion resistance limited the further enhancement of their service life. Carbon possesses excellent performances including low wettability to slag, low thermal expansion coefficient, which can greatly improve thermal shock resistance and slag resistance of oxide‐based castables. However, it has poor water‐wettability and oxidation resistance, which limited its application in the castables. Many efforts have been attempted to improve water‐wettability of graphite flake used for carbon‐containing castables, but it is still a huge challenge. In this work, a facile method for fabricating silicon carbide (SiC) coated graphite flakes has been firstly proposed by using graphite flake and silicon powder as the precursors via a molten salt shielded synthesis technique in air atmosphere, KCl was chosen to be a salt encapsulation providing a liquid reaction medium and a shield against oxidation of air. Effects of firing temperature, holding time, and molar ratio of Si and graphite flake on the formation of SiC coatings were investigated. The results show that the as‐prepared SiC coated graphite powders were loose and non‐agglomerated, and the coatings with ∼5 μm in thickness were crack‐free and firmly grown on the surface of graphite flake, composed of SiC nanosized particles. Compared to uncoated graphite flake, the SiC coated graphite possessed significantly improved water‐wettability, dispersibility, and oxidation resistance, making it to be a prime carbon form for fabricating carbon‐containing castables.
Assessment of cognitive flexibility in personnel selection: Validity and acceptance of a gamified version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test
Authors: Hommel Björn E. , Ruppel Regina , Zacher Hannes 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe present study contributes to the emerging field of gamification in personnel selection by examining validity and acceptance of the Gamified Set‐Shifting Task (GSST), which is based on a well‐established neuropsychological test of cognitive flexibility, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Results based on a sample of 180 participants in an online study provided preliminary support for construct and criterion‐related validity. The GSST was better accepted among test‐takers than both the WCST and a cognitive ability test. Overall, the findings suggest that the GSST may be an attractive and valid method to assist organizations in selecting employees who are able to adapt to changing environments.