bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lung Cancer Cellular Apoptosis Induced by Recombinant Human Endostatin Gold Nanoshell‐Mediated Near‐Infrared Thermal Therapy
Authors: Luo Haiqing , Xu Meng , Zhu Xinhai , Zhao Jianfu , Man Shiqing , Zhang Haoran 
Published: June 2021

Recombinant human endostatin (rhES)can inhibit tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis. The effect of proliferation and apoptosis of A549 lung cancer cells induced by gold nanoshell particles of recombinant human endostatin (G‐rhES) with near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation was studied. Gold nanoshell particles were prepared. Endostatin was connected with the bond A‐U through surface modification by bioconjugation of core‐shell structured gold nanoshells. Proliferation of A549 lung cancer cells induced by G‐rhES was detected by MTT. Cellular apoptosis was researched by flow cytometry. Mitochondrial membrane potential was investigated using a confocal microscope. Morphological changes were studied by atomic force microscopy. Under irradiation in the 820 nm NIR, the proliferation of A549 lung cancer cells was significantly induced by G‐rhES. NIR gold nanoshell particles showed synergism with endostatin, which may be related to hyperthermia‐increased apoptotic effect of endostatin. Our study results suggest that G‐rhES can inhibit lung cancer cells proliferation.The new treatment strategy of G‐rhES combined with thermal therapy may lead to lung cancer remission.

Concentration (ug/ml)
24h
48h
72h

Inhibition rate (%)
Inhibition rate (%)
Inhibition rate (%)

0
‐
‐
‐

2.5
1.2
2.4
3.4

5
4.0
5.9
6.3

10
4.4
6.3
10.2

20
13.7
15.8
17.8

40
16.8
18.5
25.1

80
20.7
25.6
30.1

Concentration (ug/ml)
Apoptotic rate (%)

0
0.9+—0.1

10
5.4+—2.3

20
15.9+—4.9

40
21.4+—2.8

imageimage
Effects of Zinc Supplementation on Cardiac Remodeling After Experimental Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Gonçalves Andrea , Santos P , Rafacho B , Silva R , Batista D , Claro R , Bazan S , Okoshi K , Polegato B , Gaiolla P , Minicucci M , Paiva S , Chiuso‐Minicucci F , Zornoff L 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo analyze the effects of zinc supplementation on cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction. Methods: After experimental infarction, Wistar rats were allocated in two groups: Infarction Control (IC, n=23), that received saline IP every other day, and Infarction Zinc (IZ, n=24), with zinc supplementation (0.5mg/kilo) IP every other day. Sham animals were included and divided in two groups: Sham Control (SC; n=15), treated with saline, and Sham Zinc (SZ; n=15), with zinc supplementation. After 3 months, the animals were submitted to echocardiogram. The effect of infarction (I), Zinc (Z) and the interaction between the factors (IxZ) were analyzed by two way ANOVA. Results and conclusion: Zinc attenuated remodeling by reducing systolic area (SC: 22.6 ± 3.7; SZ: 11.2 ± 3.7; IC: 50.1 ± 2.6; IZ: 44 ± 2.6; p(I) <0.001, p(Z) 0.007, p(IxZ) 0.401) and diastolic area (SC: 50.8 ± 4.7; SZ: 40.1 ± 4.7; IC:79.4 ± 3.2; IZ: 74.9 ± 3.2; p(I) <0.001, p(Z) 0.057, p (IxZ) 0.43) and improving systolic function (shortening velocity of posterior wall SC: 55.6 ± 2.5; SZ: 64 ± 2.5; IC: 36 ± 1.6; IZ: 39.2 ± 1.6; p(I) <0.001, p(Z) 0.01, p(IxZ) 0.245) and diastolic function (E/E'= SC: 13.2 ± 1; SZ: 11.9 ± 1; IC: 17.6 ± 0.7; IZ: 15.5 ± 0.7; p(I) <0.001, p(Z) 0.052, p(IxZ) 0.598). Financial support: Fapesp: 13/06862‐4; 12/14500‐2.
Effect of Physical Exercise on a Sub‐Sample of Obese Children in Enugu South Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Olyalawuba Nkeiruka , Nnam Ngozi 
Published: June 2021

Study ObjectiveAssess the effect of physical exercise on a sub‐sample of the subjects weightStatement of MethodsThe study used a cross‐sectional descriptive comparative design. A Multi‐stage stratified random sampling technique was used in selecting 10 schools out of 54 and 2000 children out of 13,981 that were used for the study.Anthropometric measurements (weight, height and triceps) were obtained in the subjects to determine obesity. High‐energy physical exercise was carried out for a period of two months on a sub‐sample of thirty obese children and the data were compared with a control group who did not receive any exercise. Table 1 shows the influence of exercise on weight loss of the children n=30

Total time spent
Initial weight
Final weight
Weight loss

Male
2784.44+/‐95.02
62.89+/‐11.21
52.39+/‐5.62
10.50+/‐3.11

Female
2718.17+/‐67.15
55.23+/‐15.08
46.70+/‐4.12
8.53+/‐2.16

t‐value(p‐value)
2.23(0.03)
1.51(0.15)
0.63(0.54)
0.56(0.57)

6‐8 years
2749.14a
53.66b
45.60a
8.06a

9‐10years
2767.13a
59.91ab
48.11a
11.80a

11‐12years
2764.13a
70.53a
47.36a
23.16a

F‐value(p‐value)
0.12(0.89)
5.41(0.01)
0.11(0.90)
1.417(0.26)

Combined
2757.93+/‐89.97
59.06+/‐13.21
49.23+/‐12.35
9.52+/‐20.69

Summary of ResultsPhysical exercise resulted to a significant (p<0.05) weight loss by the children. Their initial mean weight was 59.06kg and final mean weight was 49.23kg, with a mean weight loss of 9.52kg. The total time spent by the male children was significantly (p<0.05) longer, relative to the female on the exercise. Table 1 shows the influence of exercise on weight loss of children, n=30 and table 2 shows the BMI classification of children after the exercise. Table 2 shows the classification of BMI by sex of the children after the exercise .

Classification of BMI
Intervention Group
Control. Group

Male. Female. Total
Male. Female. Total

F. %. F. %. F. %
F. %. F. %. F. %

Obesity
10.55.6. 4. 33.3. 14. 46.7
20. 95.2. 9. 100. 29. 96.7

Overweight
8. 44.4. 8. 66.7. 16. 53.3
1. 4.8. 1. 3.3

Total
18. 12. 30
21. 9. 30

100.0. 100.0. 100.0.
100.0. 100.0. 100.0

Statement of ConclusionAfter the exercise, percentage of obese children dropped from 100,00% to 47.00% while in the control group there was no significant effect (p>0.05). This reduction explains that in addition to dietary modification, there is need to include physical exercise in the life style of children.
Activation of Phospho Signaling Pathways in Human Colorectal Cell Lines in Response to Cytokines
Authors: Fasler‐Kan Elizaveta , Sautbayeva Zarina , Barteneva Natasha 
Published: June 2021

Abstract Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) tumors are classified in two groups: approximately 75% of patients have CRC tumors of sporadic origin and 25 % of patients have a hereditary contribution. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms is a prerequisite for developing therapeutic strategies. We investigated cytokine‐induced changes of the JAK‐STAT signaling pathways in several CRC ell lines.Methods Human colorectal cell lines (HCT‐15, Colo 205, LS ‐180, SW480 and SW620) were used to study modulation of MHC class I and class II expression in response to human recombinant interferon alpha and interferon gamma. The nuclear translocation of STAT proteins was analyzed by confocal laser microscopy and flow cytometry.Results We have observed that several colon carcinoma cell lines do not express MHC proteins. Strong activation of STAT1 was observed in response to interferon gamma. Human recombinant IL‐6 and IL‐4 activated STAT3 and STAT6, respectively. Confocal microscopy identified the nuclear translocation of the STAT proteins.Conclusions Our data demonstrate the up‐regulation of the members of the JAK‐STAT signaling pathway in colon carcinoma cell lines.
Writing on the Board versus PowerPoint: What do Students Prefer and Why?
Authors: Brandl Katharina , Schneid Stephen , Armour Chris 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionSince the introduction of the presentation software PowerPoint, the vast majority of university teachers use this program to deliver their lectures instead of writing on a chalkboard or whiteboard. While PowerPoint has some advantages, many of the benefits of writing on the board have been lost.Research QuestionsDo students prefer lectures that are delivered by writing on the board or by PowerPoint and what are their reasons for their preferences?MethodsUndergraduate biology students and second‐year pharmacy students were surveyed about whether they prefer lectures taught by “writing on the board” or using PowerPoint. The students were also asked to explain their preferred teaching method. Data was collected over four years with 900 students participating.ResultsOver 85% of the students indicated the preference for “writing on the board” compared to PowerPoint. Common themes in favor for “writing on the board” included (1) more active engagement, (2) more appropriate pace, and (3) presentation of less extraneous material. For students who preferred PowerPoint, the main reasons were accessibility of the lecture notes if absent and less uncertainty of whether the notes they had were complete.DiscussionIt is clear that writing on the board is the preferred lecture format among students. The data indicate that if PowerPoint presentations are going to be used, then the shortcomings of this approach need to be addressed. We therefore recommend that lectures should be developed as if they were going to be written on the board and then converted to PowerPoint.
Trait Aggression (TA) Correlates with Increased Blood Pressure in the Wistar‐Kyoto Rat
Authors: Rana Samir , Stringfellow Sara , Pugh Phyllis , White Roger , Stauss Harald , Wyss J. Michael , Kerman Ilan 
Published: June 2021

Classical studies have implicated specific personality traits as predictive of adverse cardiovascular function, yet biological mechanisms that contribute to such associations remain elusive. We investigated potential impact of early‐life experience on the emergence of TA and cardiovascular function. Male Wistar‐Kyoto rats that experienced either maternal separation or neonatal handling during postnatal days 1‐14 were instrumented for continuous blood pressure (BP) recording as adults. They were then single‐housed and scored on aggressive behavior in response to a 10‐min. exposure to a conspecific male. Rats were then sacrificed and thoracic aortas were harvested for functional and structural studies, along with plasma and end organs. Half of the animals regardless of their early‐life experience demonstrated TA (scored as clinch attack). TA rats exhibited significant elevations of mean and systolic (SBP) blood pressures along with increased low‐frequency power of SBP variability, an index of sympathetic modulation of vascular tone. Hearts from TA rats had a greater norepinephrine content, and their aortas exhibited a significantly lower EC50 to phenylephrine‐induced contractions along with an increased wall‐to‐lumen ratios. Taken together these data indicate that TA may be an inborn emotionality trait that develops independently of early‐life experience in rats. Furthermore, it correlates with alterations in vascular structure and function that lead to increased BP, and which may be mediated by alterations in the activity of the sympathetic nervous system.Support: R00MH081927 (IAK), 13PRE16940050 (SR), P30NS47466 (UAB core)
Decreased Bacterial Activity on Nano‐patterned PDMS Replica for Catheter‐associated Infection Prevention
Authors: Liu Luting , Ercan Batur , Webster Thomas 
Published: June 2021

ExperimentHere, a nano‐patterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS, a commonly used catheter material) replica was fabricated by using nanotubular anodized titanium (ATi) as the template. In vitro bacterial studies using S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. epidermidis were conducted to assess the effectiveness of the nano‐patterned PDMS (nano‐PDMS) at inhibiting bacterial growth. In addition, human fibroblast and endothelial cell assays were conducted to determine the influence of the nanostructure on mammalian cell behavior as a measurement of toxicity. To elucidate the mechanisms of how surface topographies affect cell/ bacteria adhesion, the protein interactions with different surfaces were also investigated by using the bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay.ResultsAs expected, the nano‐patterned structures were fabricated successfully on PDMS surface. Results showed that nano‐PDMS inhibited the growth of all the four types of bacteria after 24h and 48h, respectively. Moreover, data suggested the effectiveness of bacteria inhibition reached above 50%, all without employing an antibiotic (Fig. 1). It was also found that nano‐PDMS increased both fibroblast and endothelial cell adhesion and, thus, were non‐toxic to mammalian cells (Fig. 2). BCA results indicated that the amount of total proteins adhered on the nano–PDMS surfaces was slightly higher than on plain PDMS surfaces, presumably due to the increased surface area and change of adhesion sites.imageimageConclusionsThe nano topography on PDMS could inhibit bacterial growth significantly while remaining non‐toxic to mammalian cells, and thus should strongly be considered for use in catheters.
Stimulation of Cystathionine‐γ‐lyase (CSE) Activity and Generation of Hydrogen Sulfide in Gastrointestinal Smooth Muscle via NO/cGMP/PKG pathway
Authors: Nalli Ancy , Grider John , Murthy Karnam 
Published: June 2021

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays an important role in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility and secretion. H2S is synthesized mainly from L‐cysteine via cystathionine‐γ‐lyase (CSE) and cystathionine‐β‐synthase (CBS). We showed that smooth muscle cells of stomach and colon of rabbit, mouse and human express CSE, but not CBS. Activation of CSE causes inhibition of Rho kinase activity and muscle contraction and the inhibition was blocked by CSE siRNA and by a selective CSE inhibitor, propargylglycine (PPG).AimTo identify the mechanism of activation of CSE in gastrointestinal smooth muscle cells.MethodsActivation of CSE was analyzed by the measurement of H2S in response to L‐cysteine and NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in gastric and colonic muscle of rabbit and human. Filter paper disks dipped in zinc acetate were exposed to H2S trapped in N2‐perfused glass vials and the amount of reduced zinc acetate in the presence of H2S was measured spectrophotometrically.ResultsThe basal levels of H2S in gastric and colon muscle from rabbit and human were ~20‐25 nM/mg. L‐Cysteine (10 mM) increased H2S generation up to 50 nM/mg; the effect of L‐cysteine was inhibited by PPG. L‐cysteine‐induced H2S generation was augmented in the presence of SNP and cGMP analog, 8‐bromo cGMP to 125 µM/g and 120 nM/mg, respectively. Augmentation of CSE activity in response to SNP and 8‐br‐cGMP was blocked by the cGMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKG) inhibitor, Rp‐cGMPS, suggesting phosphorylation‐dependent activation.ConclusionWe have identified a mechanism of stimulation of CSE activity in gastric and colonic muscle involving cGMP‐dependent activation of PKG.
No Therapeutic Effects of Resistance Exercise Training in a Severe Cancer‐Induced Skeletal Muscle Wasting Rat Model
Authors: das Neves Willian , Alves Christiano , de Almeida Ney , Campos‐Ferraz Patricia , Guimarães Fátima , Ramires Paulo , Brum Patricia , Lancha Antonio 
Published: June 2021

The current study aimed to assess the effects of resistance exercise training upon skeletal muscle trophicity and function in a severe cancer cachexia rat model. Male Wistar rats were assigned into four experimental groups: 1) untrained control rats (Control; n = 10), 2) control rats submitted to resistance training (Control + RT; n = 10), 3) untrained rats injected with 106 Walker 256 tumor cells in the bone marrow (Walker; n = 8) and 4) rats injected with 106 Walker 256 tumor cells in the bone marrow and submitted to resistance training (Walker + RT; n = 8). A total of 8 resistance exercise sessions for hind limb (squat) were performed using an electrical stimulation (10‐15 V, 0.3‐s duration, at 4‐s intervals). Each session included three sets of 10 repetitions at the intensity of ~65% 1RM. Tumor size, body mass, food intake, skeletal muscle fibers cross sectional area, in vivo (deambulation test) and ex vivo (force frequency protocol in isolated EDL) skeletal muscle function were assessed. Experimental groups were compared by ANOVA followed by Tukey pos hoc. As expected, Walker group displayed decreased food intake (‐55%), EDL (‐20%) and plantaris atrophy (‐21%), and in vivo and ex vivo skeletal muscle dysfunction (~‐30% for both) 12 to 14 days post tumor cells injection when compared to the Control rats (p < 0.05 for all). However, no differences were observed between Walker and Walker + RT groups for all measured variable (p > 0.05 for all), suggesting that the current resistance exercise training protocol was ineffective to counteract cancer‐induced skeletal muscle wasting in our cancer cachexia model.Financial Support by FAPESP 2013/04744‐4
Isolated Intercostal Muscle Fibers as a Human Skeletal Muscle Ex Vivo Model
Authors: Olsson Karl , Cheng Arthur , Alam Seher , Westerblad Håkan , Lanner Johanna , Bruton Joseph , Gustafsson Thomas 
Published: June 2021

At present, ex vivo models of human intact skeletal muscle cells are limited to the use of myotubes in which force measurements are not possible and the intracellular Ca2+ handling is inadequately characterized. In the present study we established an alternative human skeletal muscle ex vivo model utilizing single intact intercostal muscle fibers and compared the intracellular Ca2+ handling in intact fibers to that in myotubes.Single intact muscle fibers were dissected from intercostal muscle biopsies obtained during thoracotomies performed as part of the treatment for non‐small cell lung carcinoma. Myoblasts were isolated form vastus lateralis biopsies and differentiated into myotubes. Both the isolated muscle fibers and differentiated myotubes responded to electrical stimulation by an increase in intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i), but only the single fibers contracted in response to electrical stimulation. In comparison to the muscle fibers, Ca2+ handling proteins in the myotubes were expressed at a lower level and the structural organization of Ca2+ handling proteins was less elaborate. The decay of the [Ca2+]i transient was markedly longer in the myotubes.Although a maturation of the intracellular Ca2+ handling is evident in differentiated myotubes compared to myoblasts, our results show marked differences in intracellular Ca2+ handling and contractile ability between adult muscle fibers and myotubes. Thus, differentiated myotubes are not an adequate representative model for studies of Ca2+‐dependent functions in adult human muscle.
Teaching Physiology to Homeschool Students in Rural Mississippi
Authors: Gillis Ellen , Dasinger John Henry 
Published: June 2021

PurposeTo engage children in grades K‐12 in interactive demonstrations and activities to learn about the structure and function of the heart, lungs, and digestive system.MethodsThe event was coordinated with the Laurel Christian Home Educators at the Southeastern Baptist College in Laurel, MS. Five didactic and interactive sections were developed. In the first section, instructors introduced students to the daily routine of a scientist, including an appropriate safety protocol. In the second activity, participants were introduced to the basics of cardiovascular physiology, followed by an experiment measuring heart rate under various conditions. The third section focused on respiratory physiology, with a hands‐on activity to measure lung capacity. Participants learned about the digestive system in the fourth section, and also had an activity to walk them through the entire digestive process. For the final station, participants were able to explore various organ models and fixed tissue samples of the systems covered that day. A total of 4 volunteers, including 2 graduate students and 2 faculty members, organized this event which took place on a Tuesday from 1pm to 3pm.Results and ConclusionWe were able to reach an estimated 120 participants (92 students and approximately 30 parents). Success was dependent upon efforts to ensure that activities appealed to all ages. Older students were recruited during the event to help the younger students with activities such as data acquisition and data plotting.
Mixed tumor of the parotid gland
Authors: Kozhakov B.B. , Sagyndyk H.L. , Batyrov T.W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe tumor is characterized by slow (for years) growth can reach large proportions. Perhaps recurrence, wherein the tumor metastasis does not.IntroductionAmong the benign tumors of the salivary glands is most often found mixed tumor (adenoma polymorphic). Most often it is located in the parotid, submandibular, and rarely in sublingual salivary gland.Research and ResultsWe observed 12 patients.DiscussionAccording to the literature malignancy (malignancy) is observed in 3,6‐30% of cases. The diagnosis in most cases set the histopathological study only after tumor removal. Possible recurrence, as a rule, only after non‐radical operation.SummaryLong‐term periods were traced up to 5 years. Recurrence of the disease were observed.
Ileal Pouch-anal Anastomosis Complications and Pouch Failure
Authors: Heuthorst Lianne , Wasmann Karin A. T. G. M. , Reijntjes Maud A. , Hompes Roel , Buskens Christianne J. , Bemelman Willem A. 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
This systematic review aims to assess the incidence of pouch failure and the correlation between ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA)-related complications and pouch failure.

Background:
Previous studies demonstrated wide variation in postoperative complication rates following IPAA.

Methods:
A systematic review was performed by searching the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases for studies reporting on pouch failure published from January 1, 2010, to May 6, 2020. A meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model, and the relationship between pouch-related complications and pouch failure was assessed using Spearman’s correlations.

Results:
Thirty studies comprising 22,978 patients were included. Included studies contained heterogenic patient populations, different procedural stages, varying definitions for IPAA-related complications, and different follow-up periods. The pooled pouch failure rate was 7.7% (95% confidence intervals: 5.56–10.59) and 10.3% (95% confidence intervals: 7.24–14.30) for studies with a median follow-up of ≥5 and ≥10 years, respectively. Observed IPAA-related complications were anastomotic leakage (1–17%), pelvic sepsis (2–18%), fistula (1–30%), stricture (1–34%), pouchitis (11–61%), and Crohn’s disease of the pouch (0–18%). Pelvic sepsis (r = 0.51, P < 0.05) and fistula (r = 0.63, P < 0.01) were correlated with pouch failure. A sensitivity analysis including studies with a median follow-up of ≥5 years indicated that only fistula was significantly correlated with pouch failure (r = 0.77, P < 0.01).

Conclusions:
The single long-term determinant of pouch failure was pouch fistula, which is a manifestation of a chronic leak. Therefore, all effort should be taken to prevent an acute leak from becoming a chronic leak by early diagnosis and proactive management of the leak.

Mini abstract:
This systematic review aims to assess the incidence of pouch failure and the correlation between IPAA-related complications and pouch failure. Long-term pouch failure was correlated with fistula, suggesting that early septic complications may result in fistula formation during long-term follow-up, leading to an increased risk of pouch failure.
Communication principles and practices for making shared decisions about renal replacement therapy: a review of the literature
Authors: Saeed Fahad , Shah Amna Yousaf , Allen Rebecca Jane , Epstein Ronald M. , Fiscella Kevin A. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose of review
To provide an overview of the skill set required for communication and person-centered decision making for renal replacement therapy (RRT) choices, especially conservative kidney management (CKM).

Recent findings
Research on communication and decision-making skills for shared RRT decision making is still in infancy. We adapt literature from other fields such as primary care and oncology for effective RRT decision making.

Summary
We review seven key skills: (1) Announcing the need for decision making (2) Agenda Setting (3) Educating patients about RRT options (4) Discussing prognoses (5) Eliciting patient preferences (6) Responding to emotions and showing empathy, and (7) Investing in the end. We also provide example sentences to frame the conversations around RRT choices including CKM.