bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variable-Rate Irrigation Uniformity Model for Linear-Move Sprinkler Systems
Authors: Liu Junping , Gull Umair , Putnam Daniel H. , Kisekka Isaya 
Published: August 2021

HighlightsUsing different nozzle sizes on a linear-move sprinkler irrigation system is a simple method for implementing VRI.This study established a variable-rate sprinkler irrigation model for a linear-move system with different nozzles.Uniformity parameters were predicted for different tests, and prediction accuracy ranged from 1.6% to 13.0%.The simulation model can be applied to other sprinkler systems with variable-rate irrigation.Abstract. Variable-rate irrigation (VRI) can vary the application rate by either changing the amount of water flowing through sprinkler nozzles (zone control) or varying the speed of a moving irrigation system across parts of a field, referred to as speed/sector control. The uniformity of sprinkler irrigation in each management zone under VRI directly affects crop growth and yield. The use of different nozzle diameters on a linear-move sprinkler irrigation system is a simple and affordable method for achieving VRI. There are few studies on modeling the uniformity of VRI on linear-move sprinkler irrigation systems. In this study, a cubic spline difference-value model was used to simulate the variable-rate water distribution and uniformity of a linear-move system. Nine tests were designed to evaluate VRI uniformity with different nozzle diameters. A simulation and corresponding field experiments were carried out. The application rate of the simulation model was higher than the experimental values because of wind drift. The uniformity coefficients of the simulation with nozzle diameters of 1.98, 2.97, and 4.17 mm in tests 1, 2, and 3 were 86.56%, 85.24%, and 79.94%, respectively. The uniformity coefficients of the VRI simulations with combinations of nozzle diameters in tests 4 through 9 were 76.89%, 80.70%, 76.67%, 69.58%, 76.64%, and 81.87%, respectively. The smallest error between the simulation and experiment was 1.6%, and the largest error was 13.0%. The simulation model and prediction method can be applied to other sprinkler irrigation systems. Keywords: Linear move, Simulation model, Sprinkler irrigation, Uniformity, VRI.
A 2020 Vision of Subsurface Drip Irrigation in the U.S.
Authors: Lamm Freddie R. , Colaizzi Paul D. , Sorensen Ronald B. , Bordovsky James P. , Dougherty Mark , Balkcom Kris , Zaccaria Daniele , Bali Khaled M. , Rudnick Daran R. , Peters R. Troy 
Published: August 2021

HighlightsSubsurface drip irrigation (SDI) has continued to expand in irrigation area within the U.S. during the last 15 years.Research with SDI continues for multiple crop types (fiber, grain and oilseed, horticultural, forage, and turf).SDI usage on many crops has matured through research and development of appropriate strategies and technologiesDespite some persistent challenges to successful use of SDI, important opportunities exist for further adoption.Abstract. Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) offers several advantages over alternative irrigation systems when it is designed and installed correctly and when best management practices are adopted. These advantages include the ability to apply water and nutrients directly and efficiently within the crop root zone. Disadvantages of SDI in commercial agriculture relative to alternative irrigation systems include greater capital cost per unit land area (except for small land parcels), unfamiliar management and maintenance protocols that can exacerbate the potential for emitter clogging, the visibility of system attributes (components and design characteristics) and performance, and the susceptibility to damage (i.e., rodents and tillage) of the subsurface driplines. Despite these disadvantages, SDI continues to be adopted in commercial agriculture in the U.S., and research efforts to evaluate and develop SDI systems continue as well. This article summarizes recent progress in research (2010 to 2020) and the status of commercial adoption of SDI, along with a discussion of current challenges and future opportunities. Keywords: Drip Irrigation, Irrigation, Irrigation systems, Microirrigation, SDI, Water management.
Factors Behind Construction Companies Wood Products Purchasing Decisions: Supplier Market Impact
Authors: Pomponi Joseph Philip , Quesada Henry J. , Smith Robert , Loferski Joseph 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Companies in the construction industry have a wide range of suppliers to choose from to meet their building material needs. Local (in-state) suppliers within key southern states in the United States face challenges gaining market share within the construction sectors. Construction companies often outsource their purchase of wood products from a different state or country, which adversely affects the local economy as a result of loss of revenue. However, if companies were limited to in-state supply it would affect trade across states and countries; but the focus was to improve local wood products supplier market impact. Companies within the states of Georgia, Texas, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Florida, and Virginia were interviewed by phone and in person to determine how companies chose wood product suppliers and what factors affected their purchasing decisions. Key factors included cost, quality, delivery, flexibility, location, relationship, and payment options. A survey of construction companies was conducted after the interviews were concluded. Important factors highlighted by responses included cost, quality, relationship, and lead time in choosing a supplier. Suppliers were asked to differentiate their products using information the construction companies highlighted as factors they emphasized. In-state wood product suppliers have an opportunity to gain market share within the construction industry using the factors those construction companies favored in interviews and survey results.
Self-evolving ghost imaging
Authors: Liu Baolei , Wang Fan , Chen Chaohao , Dong Fei , McGloin David 
Published: August 2021

Ghost imaging captures 2D images with a point detector instead of an array sensor. It could therefore solve the challenge of building cameras in wave bands where sensors are difficult and expensive to produce and could open up more routine THz, near-infrared, lifetime, and hyperspectral imaging simply by using single-pixel detectors. Traditionally, ghost imaging retrieves the image of an object offline by correlating measured light intensities with pre-designed illuminating patterns. Here we present a “self-evolving” ghost imaging (SEGI) strategy for imaging objects bypassing offline post-processing. It also offers the capability to image objects in turbid media. By inspecting the optical feedback, we evaluate the illumination patterns by a cost function and generate offspring illumination patterns that mimic the object’s image, bypassing the reconstruction process. At the initial evolving state, the object’s “genetic information” is stored in the patterns. At the following imaging stage, the object’s image (

48

×

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p
i
x
e
l
s

) can be updated at a 40 Hz imaging rate. We numerically and experimentally demonstrate this concept for static and moving objects. The frame-memory effect between the self-evolving illumination patterns provided by the genetic algorithm enables SEGI imaging through turbid media. We further demonstrate this capability by imaging an object placed in a container filled with water and sand. SEGI shows robust and superior imaging power compared with traditional computational ghost imaging. This strategy could enhance ghost imaging in applications such as remote sensing, imaging through scattering media, and low-irradiative biological imaging.
Cutaneous anthrax associated with handling carcasses of animals that died suddenly of unknown cause: Arua District, Uganda, January 2015–August 2017
Authors: Aceng Freda Loy , Ario Alex Riolexus , Alitubeera Phoebe Hilda , Neckyon Mukasa Matinda , Kadobera Daniel , Sekamatte Musa , Okethwangu Denis , Bulage Lilian , Harris Julie R. , Nguma Willy , Ndumu Deo Birungi , Buule Joshua , Nyakarahuka Luke , Zhu Bao-Ping 
Published: August 2021

Background
Anthrax is a zoonotic disease that can be transmitted to humans from infected animals. During May–June 2017, three persons with probable cutaneous anthrax were reported in Arua District, Uganda; one died. All had recently handled carcasses of livestock that died suddenly and a skin lesion from a deceased person tested positive by PCR for Bacillus anthracis. During July, a bull in the same community died suddenly and the blood sample tested positive by PCR for Bacillus anthracis. The aim of this investigation was to establish the scope of the problem, identify exposures associated with illness, and recommend evidence-based control measures.

Methods
A probable case was defined as acute onset of a papulo-vesicular skin lesion subsequently forming an eschar in a resident of Arua District during January 2015–August 2017. A confirmed case was a probable case with a skin sample testing positive by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for B. anthracis. Cases were identified by medical record review and active community search. In a case-control study, exposures between case-patients and frequency- and village-matched asymptomatic controls were compared. Key animal health staff were interviewed to learn about livestock deaths.

Results
There were 68 case-patients (67 probable, 1 confirmed), and 2 deaths identified. Cases occurred throughout the three-year period, peaking during dry seasons. All cases occurred following sudden livestock deaths in the villages. Case-patients came from two neighboring sub-counties: Rigbo (attack rate (AR) = 21.9/10,000 population) and Rhino Camp (AR = 1.9/10,000). Males (AR = 24.9/10,000) were more affected than females (AR = 0.7/10,000). Persons aged 30–39 years (AR = 40.1/10,000 population) were most affected. Among all cases and 136 controls, skinning (ORM-H = 5.0, 95%CI: 2.3–11), butchering (ORM-H = 22, 95%CI: 5.5–89), and carrying the carcass of livestock that died suddenly (ORM-H = 6.9, 95%CI: 3.0–16) were associated with illness.

Conclusions
Exposure to carcasses of animals that died suddenly was a likely risk factor for cutaneous anthrax in Arua District during 2015–2017. The recommendations are investigation of anthrax burden in livestock, prevention of animal infections through vaccinations, safe disposal of the carcasses, public education on risk factors for infection and prompt treatment of illness following exposure to animals that died suddenly.
Proteomic analysis of serum samples of paracoccidioidomycosis patients with severe pulmonary sequel
Authors: Santos Amanda Ribeiro dos , Dionizio Aline , Fernandes Mileni da Silva , Buzalaf Marília Afonso Rabelo , Pereira Beatriz , Donanzam Débora de Fátima Almeida , Ribeiro Sergio Marrone , Paniago Anamaria Mello Miranda , Cavalcante Ricardo de Souza , Mendes Rinaldo Poncio , Venturini James 
Published: August 2021

Background
Pulmonary sequelae (PS) in patients with chronic paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) typically include pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema. Knowledge of the molecular pathways involved in PS of PCM is required for treatment and biomarker identification.

Methodology/Principal findings
This non-concurrent cohort study included 29 patients with pulmonary PCM that were followed before and after treatment. From this group, 17 patients evolved to mild/ moderate PS and 12 evolved severe PS. Sera from patients were evaluated before treatment and at clinical cure, serological cure, and apparent cure. A nanoACQUITY UPLC-Xevo QT MS system and PLGS software were used to identify serum differentially expressed proteins, data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD026906. Serum differentially expressed proteins were then categorized using Cytoscape software and the Reactome pathway database. Seventy-two differentially expressed serum proteins were identified in patients with severe PS compared with patients with mild/moderate PS. Most proteins altered in severe PS were involved in wound healing, inflammatory response, and oxygen transport pathways. Before treatment and at clinical cure, signaling proteins participating in wound healing, complement cascade, cholesterol transport and retinoid metabolism pathways were downregulated in patients with severe PS, whereas signaling proteins in gluconeogenesis and gas exchange pathways were upregulated. At serological cure, the pattern of protein expression reversed. At apparent cure pathways related with tissue repair (fibrosis) became downregulated, and pathway related oxygen transport became upregulated. Additionally, we identified 15 proteins as candidate biomarkers for severe PS.

Conclusions/Significance
Development of severe PS is related to increased expression of proteins involved in glycolytic pathway and oxygen exchange), indicative of the greater cellular activity and replication associated with early dysregulation of wound healing and aberrant tissue repair. Our findings provide new targets to study mechanisms of PS in PCM, as well as potential biomarkers.
Perinatal use of triptans and other drugs for migraine—A nationwide drug utilization study
Authors: Tauqeer Fatima , Wood Mollie , Hjorth Sarah , Lupattelli Angela , Nordeng Hedvig 
Published: August 2021

Objective
To characterize nationwide utilization patterns of migraine pharmacotherapy before, during, and after pregnancy in women with triptan use.

Methods
Population-based data were obtained by linking the Medical Birth Registry of Norway and the Norwegian Prescription Database from 2006 to 2017. We included 22,940 pregnancies among 19,669 women with at least one filled triptan prescription, a proxy for migraine, in the year before pregnancy or during pregnancy. The population was classified into four groups: i) continuers; ii) discontinuers; iii) initiators, and vi) post-partum re-initiators. Participant characteristics and prescription fills for other drugs such as analgesics, antinauseants, and preventive drugs among the groups were examined, along with an array of triptan utilization parameters.

Results
In total, 20.0% of the women were classified as triptan continuers, 54.1% as discontinuers, 8.0% as initiators, and 17.6% as re-initiators. Extended use of triptans (≥15 daily drug doses/month) occurred among 6.9% of the continuers in the first trimester. The top 10% of triptan continuers and initiators accounted for 41% (95% CI: 39.2% - 42.5%) and 33% (95% CI: 30.3% - 35.8%) of the triptan volume, respectively. Triptan continuers and initiators had similar patterns of acute co-medication during pregnancy, but use of preventive drugs was more common among the continuers before, during, and after pregnancy.

Conclusion
Among women using triptans before and during pregnancy, one in four continued triptan treatment during pregnancy, and extended triptan use was relatively low. Triptan discontinuation during and in the year after pregnancy was common. Use of other acute migraine treatments was higher among both continuers and initiators of triptans. Women using preventive migraine treatment were most commonly triptan continuers and re-initiators after pregnancy. Prescribing to and counseling of women with migraine should be tailored to the condition severity and their information needs to promote optimal migraine management in pregnancy.
Arts, Health and Well-Being: A Critical Perspective on Research, Policy and Practice, Norma Daykin (2020)
Authors: Hearst Jane 
Published: August 2021

Review of: Arts, Health and Well-Being: A Critical Perspective on Research, Policy and Practice, Norma Daykin (2020)
Abingdon: Routledge, 90 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-36740-417-8, h/bk, £35.99
Mpemba Effect- the Effect of Time
Authors: Wang Jianan 
Published: August 2021

This paper draws the following conclusions on the nature of time by analyzing the relationship between time and speed, the relationship between time and gravitational field, the gravitational redshift of the photon, and the black-body radiation theorem:
Time on an object is proportional to the amount of energy flowing out (or in) per unit time (observer’s time) per unit surface area of the object.
When an object radiates energy outward:

t'=μB(T) =μσT
4=μnhν/st

Where t’ is the time on the object, μ is a constant,
B(T) is the
radiosity，the total energy radiated from the unit surface area of the object in unit time (observer’s time),
σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant,
T is the absolute temperature,
n is the number of the photons radiated,
ν is the average frequency of the photons radiated,
s is the surface area of the object and t is the time on the observer.
When the object radiates energy outward, the higher the energy density of the space (for example the stronger the gravitational field of the space), the smaller the radiosity B(T) of the object in the space, the longer the average wavelength of the light quantum emitted by the object, the slower the time on the object, the longer the life of the system.
When the object radiates energy outward, the faster the object moves relative to the ether, the higher the energy density of the local space in which the object is located, the smaller the radiosity B(T) of the object, the longer the average wavelength of the light quantum radiated by the object, the slower the time on the object, and the longer the life of the system.
When the object radiates energy outward, the higher the temperature of the object, the greater the object's radiosity B(T), the shorter the average wavelength of the light quantum radiated by the object, the faster the time on the object, and the shorter the life of the system.
Applying the above conclusions about the nature of time, the author analyzes the Mpemba effect and the inverse Mpemba effect, and reaches the following conclusion: the Mpemba effect is the time effect produced when heat flows from objects into space, and the "inverse" Mpemba effect is the time effect produced when heat flows from space into objects.
Novel electrodes for precise and accurate droplet dispensing and splitting in digital microfluidics
Authors: Wang He , Chen Liguo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Digital microfluidics (DMF) is a versatile fluid handling tool that is widely used in the biochemical field. There are very high requirements for the volume of single droplet in many biochemical applications. Droplet dispensing and splitting are two main operations to generate a single droplet in DMF. Therefore, the generation of droplets with high volume precision and accuracy in the two droplet operations is one of the keys to the efficient application of DMF in biochemical analysis. We have developed a novel droplet dispensing and splitting scheme where electrode geometry is optimized. The liquid column can contract in a regular shape, which keep the neck shape uniform and stable, and the position of pinch-off point was fixed; meanwhile, the liquid tail is eliminated before pinching off, so that the precision and accuracy of droplet volume were greatly improved. The increase in the radius of the cutting electrodes elongated the droplet neck and increased the neck curvature at the pinch-off point, which further effectively improved the precision and accuracy of droplet volume. The optimized droplet splitting scheme can also be applied to the droplet splitting with unequal volume effectively.
A System-Wide Hospital Child Maltreatment Patient Safety Program
Authors: Hansen Jennifer , Terreros Amy , Sherman Ashley , Donaldson Andrew , Anderst James 
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Hospital-wide patient safety programs have been used to ensure appropriate provision of care. Similar approaches have not been widely applied to child maltreatment. In this study, we describe a hospital-system child maltreatment safety program by characterizing the frequency of patients needing further intervention, associations between the age of patient and location of care and need for further intervention, and patients who require immediate intervention.

METHODS
For all staff concerns for child maltreatment, a social worker completed a patient at risk (PAR) form. All PAR forms were reviewed within 24 hours by the child abuse team and categorized on the basis of 6 types of interventions, most significantly an “immediate callback.” Wilcoxon rank and χ2 tests were used for group comparisons.

RESULTS
Over a 30-month period, program interventions occurred in 2061 of 7698 PARs (26.8%). The most common reason for a PAR form was physical abuse (32.5%). Subjects requiring an intervention were no different in age than those who did not (median age: 5.6 vs 5.2 years). PAR forms performed in the emergency departments or urgent care were more likely to require an intervention than inpatient (odds ratio: 4.4; 95% confidence interval 3.6–5.3) or clinic (odds ratio: 2.0; 95% confidence interval 1.7–2.3) PAR forms. Of the 53 immediate callbacks, potential diagnostic errors and safe discharge concerns occurred in nearly one-half, and &gt;40% involved subjects with bruising. Immediate follow-up in the child abuse pediatrician clinic occurred in 87% (46 of 53) of cases, resulting in a new or changed diagnosis in 57% of such cases.

CONCLUSIONS
A child maltreatment safety program encompassing a health system can identify and address medical errors.
Freund Vilmos munkássága a Fővárosi Középítési Bizottmányban •
Authors: Jeney András 
Published: August 2021

Freund Vilmos (1846 –1920), Gottfried Semper tanítványa a dualizmus korabeli Budapest egyik igen termékeny építőművésze volt. Több mint félszáz épületet alkotott a fővárosban. Főleg olasz neoreneszánsz stílusban tervezte meg épületeit. 1900 után már szinte egyáltalán nem alkotott építészként. Építészi tapasztalata megszerzését követően, 1891 körül egyre aktívabb szakmapolitikai tevékenységbe kezdett. Tanulmányunk ismerteti a Fővárosi Középítési Bizottmány szerepét, majd Freund itt végzett munkáját mutatja be, beszédeinek nagyrészt az egykorú Fővárosi Közlönyben megjelent szó szerinti rögzítése alapján. Először a gyakor lati, technológiai ügyek terén tett felszólalásait ismertetjük. Itt többek között kiviláglik Freund útburkolatokkal kapcsolatos komoly tudása, és az, hogy figyelemmel kísérte azon útvonalak állapotát, ahol általa tervezett paloták álltak. Ezt követik a más építészek plánumaival és épületeivel kapcsolatos megszólalásai. A vele egykorú vagy nála fiatalabb alkotók műveivel kapcsolatos javaslatait, illetve véleményét ismerhetjük meg. Végül pedig a „legizgalmasabb” témát, a városrendezés terén elhangzott hozzászólásait tárgyaljuk. Meglepő, hogy néhány, városképileg igen meghatározó épület létrejöttében vagy megépült formájuknak kialakításában is szerepe volt. Például az új tőzsdepalota kezdeményezését és Szabadság térre helyezését két másik építész (Hauszmann Alajos és Quittner Zsigmond) mellett ő kezdeményezte. A piaristák Duna-korzón álló épületének megjelenésére is hatással volt. Freund az igen jelentős építészeti életművén kívül a szakmapolitikai tevékenységével is figyelemre méltót alkotott Budapesten.Vilmos Freund (1846–1920) was a prominent Hungarian architect who lived during the period of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He was a student of Gottfried Semper. The majority of the buildings by Freund were built in Budapest. His most preferred style was the Italian Neo-Renaissance. From about 1891 he had an architectural political carrier too. After 1900 he radically reduced the number of his designing work. This study is written about his work in the Metropolitan Commission of Public Architecture (Fővárosi Középítési Bizottmány). His speeches in this commission survived until today as word-by-word recordings published in the old bulletins. The first chapter deals with his speeches in relation to practical, technological affairs for example the paving of the roads of Budapest. He reported his opinion of the designs by other architects, this is the topic of the second chapter. Finally, we can read about his speeches about the great city planning actions. It is interesting that several buildings of Budapest were constructed because he and a few of his colleges initiated them.