bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The future of simulation‐based medical education: Adaptive simulation utilizing a deep multitask neural network
Authors: Ruberto Aaron J. , Rodenburg Dirk , Ross Kyle , Sarkar Pritam , Hungler Paul C. , Etemad Ali , Howes Daniel , Clarke Daniel , McLellan James , Wilson Daryl , Szulewski Adam 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn resuscitation medicine, effectively managing cognitive load in high‐stakes environments has important implications for education and expertise development. There exists the potential to tailor educational experiences to an individual's cognitive processes via real‐time physiologic measurement of cognitive load in simulation environments.ObjectiveThe goal of this research was to test a novel simulation platform that utilized artificial intelligence to deliver a medical simulation that was adaptable to a participant's measured cognitive load.MethodsThe research was conducted in 2019. Two board‐certified emergency physicians and two medical students participated in a 10‐minute pilot trial of a novel simulation platform. The system utilized artificial intelligence algorithms to measure cognitive load in real time via electrocardiography and galvanic skin response. In turn, modulation of simulation difficulty, determined by a participant's cognitive load, was facilitated through symptom severity changes of an augmented reality (AR) patient. A postsimulation survey assessed the participants’ experience.ResultsParticipants completed a simulation that successfully measured cognitive load in real time through physiological signals. The simulation difficulty was adapted to the participant's cognitive load, which was reflected in changes in the AR patient's symptoms. Participants found the novel adaptive simulation platform to be valuable in supporting their learning.ConclusionOur research team created a simulation platform that adapts to a participant's cognitive load in real‐time. The ability to customize a medical simulation to a participant's cognitive state has potential implications for the development of expertise in resuscitation medicine.
Older Neighbors and The Neighborhood Context of Child Well‐Being: Pathways to Enhancing Social Capital for Children
Authors: Jespersen Brooke V. , Korbin Jill E. , Spilsbury James C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDrawing on Coleman’s concept of social capital, researchers have investigated how the quality of neighborhood social networks influences child development and well‐being. The role of non‐kin older neighbors in advancing child well‐being through the enhancement of social capital, however, has been under‐studied. Our objective was to delineate specific pathways through which non‐kin older neighbors contribute to neighborhood quality for children and families and potentially advance child well‐being. We examined open‐ended interview data from 400 parents who cared for at least one child under 18 years of age and resided in 20 neighborhoods in Cleveland, Ohio. A subsample of 113 parents connected older neighbors to neighborhood quality for families and children in their narratives. Our analysis identified three primary pathways through which parents positively linked older neighbors to neighborhood quality: older neighbors support parents and children, promote neighborhood safety, and contribute to neighborhood residential stability. These contributions are evidence of intergenerational closure, reciprocated exchange, and informal social control working together to create social capital in neighborhoods for children. It is by enhancing social capital that older neighbors potentially improve child well‐being. We discuss the implications of our findings for neighborhood research and practice.
Heat resistant microporous membranes based on soluble poly(aryl ether ketone) copolymers for lithium ion battery separator
Authors: Huang Zhihui , Chen Jiamiao , Huo Yanping , Zhao Jingwei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo improve the safety and electrochemical properties of lithium ion batterie (LIB), a series of novel organic soluble poly(aryl ether ketone) (PAEK) copolymers were synthesized and used to fabricate LIB separators. The PAEK copolymers exhibited superior structural thermal stability and flame retardant, with glass transition temperature (Tg) above 150°C, oxygen index above 30 and no thermal decomposition before 500°C. Accordingly, the fabricated separators exhibited superior dimensional stability. The mechanical properties and electrolyte uptakes of the separators, as well as the electrochemical properties of the cells assembled with the separators were affected by the morphology and porosity of the separators. The separators with sponge‐like structure exhibited less electrolyte uptakes but better mechanical properties than that of the ones with finger‐like structure. The cell with finger‐like structure separator exhibited poorer electrochemical properties than sponge‐like structure separator, which might be caused by the collapse of some finger hole during the assemble process due to its poor mechanical properties. The charge–discharge performances of the cells after treated at 150°C demonstrates that the PAEK separators could be promising candidates for high‐safety LIB.
Toward corporate sustainability through human resources development: Contributions from Brazilian companies
Authors: Belfort Aline Paiva Garcia , Mathias Maria Augusta Siqueira , Nunhes Thaís V. , Salgado Andréia Maria Pedro , Oliveira Otávio José 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMany companies have already experienced the benefits sustainability may bring in terms of positive impacts on society, the environment, and its market value. Despite this, most of them do not know how Human Resource Development (HRD) could effectively promote employees' commitment to results and facilitate organizational change. The main objective of this paper is to propose guidelines for the development of human resources that contributes toward sustainability in organizations. The drivers of sustainability and HRD identified in the literature supported the analyses of 19 GRI G4 sustainability reports from Brazilian companies included in the BM&F Bovespa Corporate Sustainability Index (2016). The analyses allowed the characterization of the companies' sustainability and HRD initiatives, as well as the elaboration of ten HRD guidelines to foster corporate sustainability. This work contributes to the articulation on how the concepts of HRD and sustainability are related, promoting the discussion about the drivers of the HRD that can support managers in the journey toward sustainable development.
Marine Polysaccharides: Occurrence, Enzymatic Degradation and Utilization
Authors: Bäumgen Marcus , Dutschei Theresa , Bornscheuer Uwe T. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMacroalgae species are fast growing and their polysaccharides are already used as food ingredient due to their properties as hydrocolloids or they have potential high value bioactivity. The degradation of these valuable polysaccharides to access the sugar components has remained mostly unexplored so far. One reason is the high structural complexity of algal polysaccharides, but also the need for suitable enzyme cocktails to obtain oligo‐ and monosaccharides. Among them, there are several rare sugars with high value. Recently, considerable progress was made in the discovery of highly specific carbohydrate‐active enzymes able to decompose complex marine carbohydrates such as carrageenan, laminarin, agar, porphyran and ulvan. This minireview summarizes these achievements and highlights potential applications of the now accessible abundant renewable resource of marine polysaccharides.
Thin‐Film Composite Forward‐Osmosis Membranes Reinforced on Woven Mesh and Nonwoven Backing Fabric Supports
Authors: Sheikhi Mohammad , Mirshekar Leila , Kamarehie Bahram , Ghaderpoori Mansour , Ramavandi Bahman , Amini Fahim , Fadaie Nasim , Sahebi Soleyman 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThin‐film composite (TFC) forward‐osmosis (FO) membranes were developed on different woven and nonwoven backing fabrics as support. Embedded backing fabrics have a significant effect on the membrane film sublayer by imparting porosity, membrane mechanical strength, and thickness. Woven and nonwoven backing fabric supports have been used for FO membranes cast on the commercial scale. There are also a few studies on the laboratory scale, but repeating them seems to be a challenge. The results herein show that TFC membranes with nonwoven incorporated substrates gain a higher water flux while keeping the specific reverse salt flux low.
Multiscale Analysis to Determine the Sensitive Zones for Temperature Sensor Location in Tubular Reactors
Authors: Moguel‐Castañeda Jazael G. , Hernandez‐Ayala Juan L. , Gomez‐Rodriguez Rafael , Bastidas‐Oyanedel Juan‐Rodrigo , Hernandez‐Martinez Eliseo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe sensitivity of benchmark tubular reactors subject to temperature and concentration of external perturbations was investigated. Two case studies were evaluated, a pseudo‐homogeneous axial dispersion dimensionless tubular reactor and a heterogeneous tubular reactor to produce maleic anhydride. For the dimensionless reactor model, the highest sensitivities in the reactor were located at the center and at the outlet for temperature and concentration disturbances, respectively, while for the heterogeneous reactor model the sensitivity does not undergo significant changes with feed disturbances. When variations in the most sensitive position occur, a cascade controller can be improved using multiple temperature sensors. The evaluation on weighting assignment of the temperature measurements for the cascade control scheme is also described.
Measured Growth Rates of Ibuprofen: Comparing Single Crystal and Bulk Suspensions Data
Authors: Nguyen Thai Thu Hien , Turner Thomas D. , Matinong Andrea M. E. , Marziano Ivan , Hammond Robert B. , Roberts Kevin J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe design of industrial crystallization processes usually employs laboratory‐scale experimental data which must be correlated with the full‐scale process for effective technology transfer. In this context, the measured growth rates of single crystals of ibuprofen in stagnant ethanolic solutions are compared with data recorded for a population of crystals crystallized in an agitated 7‐mL reactor. The single crystal growth rates are found to be rather close to those determined in the agitated reactor, with both being also in good agreement with previously published data at the 750‐mL scale, suggesting that studies on single crystals can have utility for the purpose of crystallization process design and optimization.
Hydrophobic Metal−Organic Frameworks and Derived Composites for Microelectronics Applications
Authors: Thanasekaran Pounraj , Su Cing‐Huei , Liu Yen‐Hsiang , Lu Kuang‐Lieh 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe extraordinary characteristic features of metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) make them applicable for use in a variety of fields but their conductivity in microelectronics over a wide relative humidity (RH) range has not been extensively explored. To achieve good performance, MOFs must be stable in water, i. e., under humid conditions. However, the design of ultrastable hydrophobic MOFs with high conductivity for use in microelectronics as conducting and dielectric materials remains a challenge. In this Review, we discuss applications of an emerging class of hydrophobic MOFs with respect to their use as active sensor coatings, tunable low‐κ dielectrics and conductivity, which provide high‐level roadmap for stimulating the next steps toward the development and implementation of hydrophobic MOFs for use in microelectronic devices. Several methodologies including the incorporation of long alkyl chain and fluorinated linkers, doping of redox‐active 7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), the use of guest molecules, and conducting polymers or carbon materials in the pores or surface of MOFs have been utilized to produce hydrophobic MOFs. The contact angle of a water droplet and a coating can be used to evaluate the degree of hydrophobicity of the surface of a MOF. These unique advantages enable hydrophobic MOFs to be used as a highly versatile platform for exploring multifunctional porous materials. Classic representative examples of each category are discussed in terms of coordination structures, types of hydrophobic design, and potential microelectronic applications. Lastly, a summary and outlook as concluding remarks in this field are presented. We envision that future research in the area of hydrophobic MOFs promise to provide important breakthroughs in microelectronics applications.
CRLF2 and IKZF1 abnormalities in Mexican children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and recurrent gene fusions: exploring surrogate markers of signaling pathways
Authors: Moreno Lorenzana Dafné , Juárez Velázquez María del Rocío , Reyes León Adriana , Martínez Anaya Daniel , Hernández Monterde Adrián , Salas Labadía Consuelo , Navarrete Meneses María del Pilar , Zapata Tarrés Marta , Juárez Villegas Luis , Jarquín Ramírez Berenice , Cárdenas Cardós Rocío , Herrera Almanza Martha , Paredes Aguilera Rogelio , Pérez Vera Patricia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe gene fusions BCR‐ABL1, TCF3‐PBX1, and ETV6‐RUNX1 are recurrent in B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) and are found with low frequency in coexistence with CRLF2 (cytokine receptor‐like factor 2) rearrangements and overexpression. There is limited information regarding the CRLF2 abnormalities and dominant‐negative IKZF1 isoforms associated with surrogate markers of Jak2, ABL, and Ras signaling pathways. To assess this, we evaluated 24 Mexican children with B‐ALL positive for recurrent gene fusions at diagnosis. We found CRLF2 rearrangements and/or overexpression, dominant‐negative IKZF1 isoforms, and surrogate phosphorylated markers of signaling pathways coexisting with recurrent gene fusions. All the BCR‐ABL1 patients expressed CRLF2 and were positive for pCrkl (ABL); most of them were also positive for pStat5 (Jak2/Stat5) and negative for pErk (Ras). TCF3‐PBX1 patients with CRLF2 abnormalities were positive for pStat5, most of them were also positive for pCrkl, and two patients were also positive for pErk. One patient with ETV6‐RUNX1 and intracellular CRLF2 protein expressed pCrkl. In some cases, the activated signaling pathways were reverted in vitro by specific inhibitors. We further analyzed a TCF3‐PBX1 patient at relapse, identifying a clone with the recurrent gene fusion, P2RY8‐CRLF2, rearrangement, and phosphorylation of the three surrogate markers that we studied. These results agree with the previous reports regarding resistance to treatment observed in patients with recurrent gene fusions and coexisting CRLF2 gene abnormalities. A marker phosphorylation signature was identified in BCR‐ABL1 and TCF3‐PBX1 patients. To obtain useful information for the assessment of treatment in B‐ALL patients with recurrent gene fusions, we suggest that they should be evaluated at diagnosis for CRLF2 gene abnormalities and dominant‐negative IKZF1 isoforms, in addition to the analyses of activation and inhibition of signaling pathways.
Dual‐isotope isoscapes for predicting the scale of fish movements in lowland rivers
Authors: Winter Emily R. , Hindes Andrew M. , Lane Steve , Britton J. Robert 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAssessments of patterns of animal movements are important for understanding their spatial ecology. Geostatistical models of stable isotope (SI) landscapes (isoscapes) provide a complementary tool to telemetry for assessing and predicting animal movements, but are rarely applied to riverine species. Often single‐isotope gradients in freshwater environments are insufficiently variable to provide high isoscape resolution at relatively fine spatial scales. This is potentially overcome using dual‐isotope assignment procedures, and thus, the aim here was to apply single (δ13C) and dual (δ13C and δ15N) isoscapes to assigning riverine fish to origin and predicting their movements. Using the River Bure, England, as the study system, the foraging locations of a small‐bodied lowland river fish (roach Rutilus rutilus) of low vagility were predicted using their SI data and those of a common prey item (amphipods). These foraging locations were then compared to their capture locations, with the distance between these being their predicted displacement distance. The results indicated significant enrichment of δ13C and δ15N with distance downstream in roach fin tissue and amphipods; roach bivariate isotopic niches were spatially variable, with no niche overlap between upstream and downstream river reaches. Furthermore, the dual‐isoscape assignment procedure resulted in the lowest predicted displacement distances for roach, therefore enhancing model performance. The dual‐isoscape approach was then applied to determining the predicted displacement distance of individual common bream Abramis brama, a larger, more vagile species, with these data then compared against the subsequent spatial extent of their movements recorded by acoustic telemetry. When using a high probability density threshold for isotope assignment, the predicted displacement distance of common bream was a significant predictor of the spatial extent of their subsequent movements recorded by acoustic telemetry, although it was less able to predict the direction of displacement. This first probabilistic assignment to origin for riverine species using a dual‐isotope isoscape technique demonstrated that where the required spatial resolution of animal movements in freshwater is moderately broad (5–10 km), dual‐isotope isoscapes can provide a reliable alternative or complementary method to telemetry.
Options for reducing uncertainty in impact classification for alien species
Authors: Clarke David A. , Palmer David J. , McGrannachan Chris , Burgess Treena I. , Chown Steven L. , Clarke Rohan H. , Kumschick Sabrina , Lach Lori , Liebhold Andrew M. , Roy Helen E. , Saunders Manu E. , Yeates David K. , Zalucki Myron P. , McGeoch Melodie A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractImpact assessment is an important and cost‐effective tool for assisting in the identification and prioritization of invasive alien species. With the number of alien and invasive alien species expected to increase, reliance on impact assessment tools for the identification of species that pose the greatest threats will continue to grow. Given the importance of such assessments for management and resource allocation, it is critical to understand the uncertainty involved and what effect this may have on the outcome. Using an uncertainty typology and insects as a model taxon, we identified and classified the causes and types of uncertainty when performing impact assessments on alien species. We assessed 100 alien insect species across two rounds of assessments with each species independently assessed by two assessors. Agreement between assessors was relatively low for all three impact classification components (mechanism, severity, and confidence) after the first round of assessments. For the second round, we revised guidelines and gave assessors access to each other’s assessments which improved agreement by between 20% and 30% for impact mechanism, severity, and confidence. Of the 12 potential reasons for assessment discrepancies identified a priori, 11 were found to occur. The most frequent causes (and types) of uncertainty (i.e., differences between assessment outcomes for the same species) were as follows: incomplete information searches (systematic error), unclear mechanism and/or extent of impact (subjective judgment due to a lack of knowledge), and limitations of the assessment framework (context dependence). In response to these findings, we identify actions that may reduce uncertainty in the impact assessment process, particularly for assessing speciose taxa with diverse life histories such as Insects. Evidence of environmental impact was available for most insect species, and (of the non‐random original subset of species assessed) 14 of those with evidence were identified as high impact species (with either major or massive impact). Although uncertainty in risk assessment, including impact assessments, can never be eliminated, identifying, and communicating its cause and variety is a first step toward its reduction and a more reliable assessment outcome, regardless of the taxa being assessed.
Decline of novel ecosystems used by endangered species: the case of piping plovers, least terns, and aggregate mines
Authors: Jorgensen Joel G. , Brenner Stephen J. , Greenwalt Lauren R. , Vrtiska Mark P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSand and gravel mining creates novel ecosystems along the Platte, Loup, and Elkhorn rivers in Nebraska, USA. Piping plovers and least terns are state and/or federally threatened and endangered species, respectively, that nest and raise young at these sites and their derivatives. Despite hosting relatively large numbers of piping plovers and least terns for decades, an important question that has largely gone unaddressed is whether the industry that has produced these novel ecosystems is stable and will continue to produce habitat consistently in the future. We evaluated how the number, size, and spatial distribution of different site types hosting different numbers of nesting plovers and terns have changed over time and how current trends in the number of different site types will affect future habitat using a multi‐state modeling approach. Overall area and total number of sites declined during the period 1993–2020. More important, one site type, traditional mines, are being replaced by another site type, modern mines, which host lower numbers of nests of both species. The difference between these two site types is primarily how waste sand is stored. Traditional mines store waste sand in spoil piles or plumes along the edge of a lake created by the mining process, forming relatively large expanses of nesting habitat used by both species. Modern mines store waste sand in limited quantities along the edge of the lake but also in piles away from the lake. Traditional mines also differ from modern mines in that they are routinely converted to housing developments with intermediate transition sites that host the largest number of nests for brief periods. Based on the previous 28 yr of decline, traditional mines and their productive derivatives are projected to continue to decline, thereby further reducing overall nesting habitat. Piping plovers and least terns are expected to nest in our study sites for the foreseeable future, but overall numbers are expected to be smaller than what has been observed in previous decades. Local declines in our study area will have local and regional implications for the recovery and management of these two species of conservation concern.