bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whistler instability driven by the sunward electron deficit in the solar wind
Authors: Berčič L. , Verscharen D. , Owen C. J. , Colomban L. , Kretzschmar M. , Chust T. , Maksimovic M. , Kataria D. O. , Anekallu C. , Behar E. , Berthomier M. , Bruno R. , Fortunato V. , Kelly C. W. , Khotyaintsev Y. V. , Lewis G. R. , Livi S. , Louarn P. , Mele G. , Nicolaou G. , Watson G. , Wicks R. T. 
Published: July 2021

Context.Solar wind electrons play an important role in the energy balance of the solar wind acceleration by carrying energy into interplanetary space in the form of electron heat flux. The heat flux is stored in the complex electron velocity distribution functions (VDFs) shaped by expansion, Coulomb collisions, and field-particle interactions.Aims.We investigate how the suprathermal electron deficit in the anti-strahl direction, which was recently discovered in the near-Sun solar wind, drives a kinetic instability and creates whistler waves with wave vectors that are quasi-parallel to the direction of the background magnetic field.Methods.We combined high-cadence measurements of electron pitch-angle distribution functions and electromagnetic waves provided by Solar Orbiter during its first orbit. Our case study is based on a burst-mode data interval from the Electrostatic Analyser System (SWA-EAS) at a distance of 112RS(0.52 au) from the Sun, during which several whistler wave packets were detected by Solar Orbiter’s Radio and Plasma Waves (RPW) instrument.Results.The sunward deficit creates kinetic conditions under which the quasi-parallel whistler wave becomes unstable. We directly test our predictions for the existence of these waves through solar wind observations. We find whistler waves that are quasi-parallel and almost circularly polarised, propagating away from the Sun, coinciding with a pronounced sunward deficit in the electron VDF. The cyclotron-resonance condition is fulfilled for electrons moving in the direction opposite to the direction of wave propagation, with energies corresponding to those associated with the sunward deficit.Conclusions.We conclude that the sunward deficit acts as a source of quasi-parallel whistler waves in the solar wind. The quasilinear diffusion of the resonant electrons tends to fill the deficit, leading to a reduction in the total electron heat flux.
Young radio-loud gamma-ray pulsar light curve fitting
Authors: Pétri J. , Mitra D. 
Published: July 2021

Context. Since the launch of the Fermi gamma-ray telescope, several hundred radio-loud gamma-ray pulsars have been detected, many belonging to millisecond pulsars but some belonging to the young pulsar population with spin periods longer than 30 ms.
Aims. Observing simultaneously pulsed radio and gamma-ray emission from these stars helps to constrain the geometry and radiation mechanisms within their magnetosphere and to localize the multiple photon production sites. In this paper we fit the time-aligned gamma-ray light curves of young radio-loud gamma-ray pulsars. We assume a dipole force-free magnetosphere where radio photons emanate from high altitudes above the polar caps and gamma rays originate from outside the light cylinder, within the striped wind current sheet.
Methods. We computed a full atlas of radio and gamma-ray pulse profiles depending on the magnetic axis obliquity and line-of-sight inclination with respect to the neutron star rotation axis. By applying a χ2 fitting technique, we were able to pin down accurately the magnetosphere geometry. Further constraints were obtained from radio polarization measurement following the rotating vector model, including aberration and retardation effects.
Results. We find a good agreement between our model and the time-aligned single- or double-peaked gamma-ray pulsar observations. We deduce the magnetic inclination angle and the observer line of sight with respect to the rotation axis within a small error bar. The distinction between radio-loud or radio-quiet gamma-ray pulsars or only radio pulsars can entirely be related to the geometry of the associated emitting regions.
Conclusions. The high-altitude polar cap model combined with the striped wind represents a minimalistic approach able to reproduce a wealth of gamma-ray pulse profiles for young radio pulsars. Based on self-consistent force-free simulations, it gives a full geometrical picture of the emission properties without resorting to detailed knowledge of the individual particle dynamics and energetics.
Mapping the zonal winds of Jupiter’s stratospheric equatorial oscillation
Authors: Benmahi B. , Cavalié T. , Greathouse T. K. , Hue V. , Giles R. , Guerlet S. , Spiga A. , Cosentino R. 
Published: July 2021

Context. Since the 1950s, quasi-periodic oscillations have been studied in the terrestrial equatorial stratosphere. Other planets of the Solar System present (or are expected to present) such oscillations; for example the Jupiter equatorial oscillation and the Saturn semi-annual oscillation. In Jupiter’s stratosphere, the equatorial oscillation of its relative temperature structure about the equator is characterized by a quasi-period of 4.4 yr.
Aims. The stratospheric wind field in Jupiter’s equatorial zone has never been directly observed. In this paper, we aim to map the absolute wind speeds in Jupiter’s equatorial stratosphere in order to quantify vertical and horizontal wind and temperature shear.
Methods. Assuming geostrophic equilibrium, we apply the thermal wind balance using almost simultaneous stratospheric temperature measurements between 0.1 and 30 mbar performed with Gemini/TEXES and direct zonal wind measurements derived at 1 mbar from ALMA observations, all carried out between March 14 and 22, 2017. We are thus able to self-consistently calculate the zonal wind field in Jupiter’s stratosphere where the JEO occurs.
Results. We obtain a stratospheric map of the zonal wind speeds as a function of latitude and pressure about Jupiter’s equator for the first time. The winds are vertically layered with successive eastward and westward jets. We find a 200 m s−1 westward jet at 4 mbar at the equator, with a typical longitudinal variability on the order of ~50 m s−1. By extending our wind calculations to the upper troposphere, we find a wind structure that is qualitatively close to the wind observed using cloud-tracking techniques.
Conclusions. Almost simultaneous temperature and wind measurements, both in the stratosphere, are a powerful tool for future investigations of the JEO (and other planetary equatorial oscillations) and its temporal evolution.
Comment concevoir la biosécurité des élevages porcins des milieux lacustres du sud Bénin pour réduire le risque de maintien et de dissémination de la peste porcine africaine ?
Authors: Dotché Ignace Ogoudanan , Bio Seydou Karamatou , Ahouanse Amen Gloria Gwladys , Tohoun Emmanuel , Bankolé Boris Constant , Youssao Abdou Karim Issaka 
Published: July 2021

L’élevage de porcs est pratiqué en milieu lacustre au Bénin malgré une forte présence d’eau de surface. L’étude vise à identifier les facteurs de risque de la dissémination de la peste porcine africaine (PPA) dans les pratiques d’élevage des milieux lacustres afin de proposer des mesures de biosécurité adaptées à ces milieux. Les données ont été collectées par entretien avec 48 éleveurs de porcs des communes des Aguégués et de Sô-Ava. Une typologie de ces élevages a permis d’identifier trois types d’élevage qui se distinguent sur le mode de logement, les types génétiques élevés, les types d’aliments utilisés, le mode de gestion des déchets et des cadavres des animaux. Le premier type correspond à des élevages en claustration totale qui ont des porcs de type génétique exotique nourris avec des mélanges de matières premières. Ces éleveurs jettent les déjections et les animaux morts dans l’eau du fleuve. Les deux autres sont des élevages en claustration partielle et en liberté qui ont des animaux de type génétique local nourris avec les restes de cuisine et du fourrage. Les déchets sont jetés dans l’espace non occupé par l’eau, mais des cadavres sont parfois enterrés (claustration partielle). Les pratiques d’élevage dans les trois types ne les protègent pas de la PPA. Cette vulnérabilité à la PPA des élevages diffère d’un type à l’autre et la liberté des porcs rend les élevages plus vulnérables. L’étude nous a permis de mettre en évidence une relation entre les différents types d’élevages et les risques de dissémination de la PPA, ce qui nous a conduits à élaborer une série de mesures de biosécurité adaptées à chaque type et destinées aux éleveurs et aux autorités.
A Case of Sporadic Pseudohypoparathyroidism Type 1B Presented with
Hypokalemia
Authors: Yang Wen-jun , Zhang Qin , Jin Ping 
Published: July 2021

Dear EditorLuo et al. 1 reported two cases of autosomal
dominant pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1B (AD-PHP1B) and reviewed literature about
the genetic and epigenetic characteristics of AD-PHP1B. Pseudohypoparathyroidism
(PHP) is a cluster of heterogeneous diseases characterized by hypocalcemia and
hyperphosphatemia due to resistance to parathyroid hormone (PTH). PHP1B almost
results from methylation abnormalities of the maternal differentially methylated
regions (DMRs) and can be divided into sporadic PHP1B and AD-PHP1B 1. As mentioned in this article 1, AD-PHP1B is caused by heterozygous maternal
deletions within GNAS or STX16, which are associated with loss of methylation at the
A/B DMR alone or at all maternally methylated GNAS exons. While sporadic
PHP1B remains unclear at the molecular level, except for approximately 10%
of the patients caused by paternal uniparental isodisomy or heterodisomy involving
chromosome 20q (patUPD20q) 2. Here, we would
like to present a rare case of sporadic PHP1B occurring in association with
hypokalemia.
A Prospective Observational Study of Clinicopathological and Biochemical Profile of Patients with Cholecystitis Visiting a Teaching Tertiary Care Centre of Haryana
Authors: Malik Pushpendra , Tarun L.N.U. , Singh Sanjeet , Garg Mahinder K , Sangwan Mukesh , Kumar Rahul , Sebastian Sebin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction Gallstone diseases constitute a major part of patients visiting hospitals, and more than 50% of operation theaters are occupied by it or diseases related to it. It also imposes significant financial burden on health resources. The 21st century has opened with an improved foundation to our understanding of the basis of bile formation by defining the key transporters of the lipids in bile and the responsible genes. The specter of obesity as an epidemic in developed countries, and the recent recognition of the metabolic syndromes and their links to gallstone formation, emphasize the expectation of a rise in the frequency of cholesterol cholelithiasis.
Materials and Methods Data pertaining to patients who were admitted/received surgery for a diagnosis of gallstone diseases at the Department of General Surgery of BPS GMC Khanpur Kalan was collected.The collected data was entered in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) was calculated for quantitative data, using Student’s “t” test/Kruskal test. Chi-square test was used to find out the association for categorical data.
Results and Discussion Most of the patients were experiencing right hypochondriac pain (79.23%) as presenting complaints, with the most common age range being 31 to 40 years, followed by 41 to 50 years, that is, 31.85% and 20.74%, respectively. Females were most commonly affected, approximately 90%, and only 10% of patients with gallstones visiting our hospital were males. Maximum patients had chronic cholecystitis (80%) on histopathological examination, followed by cholesterosis (6.15%). As much as 82.6% of patients presented with mixed gallstones, followed by cholesterol stones, that is, 10.43%. All types of stones are more common in patients with abdominal adiposities, that is, having waist-to-hip ratio more than 0.85, and these findings are statistically significant.
Conclusion Our study concluded that gallstones were more common in females of younger population (31–40 years) with right hypochondriac pain as presenting complaints. The most common histopathology was chronic cholecystitis with mixed types of stones, which is associated with increased waist-to-hip ratio. All biochemical markers were within normal range.
Covering Ileal Loop without Ostomy: A New Approach to Bring Down the Enterostomy-Related Morbidity
Authors: Karunakaran Kathiresan , Jayakumar Palanisamy , Maruthupandian Dheivendiran 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIleostomy is a commonly performed procedure for colon surgeries and the following emergency small or large bowel resection and anastomosis. We proposed a successful new technique of covering ileal loop without opening it, to decrease the stoma and reversal-related complications.
Long-Term Outcomes and Health-Related Quality of Life in a Swiss Patient Group with Esophageal Atresia
Authors: di Natale Anthony , Brestel Jessica , Mauracher Andrea Alexis , Tharakan Sasha Job , Meuli Martin , Möhrlen Ueli , Subotic Ulrike 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction Surgical treatment of esophageal atresia (EA) has markedly improved, allowing the focus to shift from short-term complications and mortality to long-term complications and quality of life. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is variable and reported to range from reduced to unimpaired in patients with repaired EA. We assessed the HRQoL, determined the prevalence of long-term complications and their possible impact on the HRQoL in patients who had correction of EA in Switzerland. Further, we also investigated in the general well-being of their parents.
Materials and Methods Patients with EA repair in Switzerland between 1985 and 2011 were enrolled. Long-term complications were assessed by enquiring disease-related symptoms, standardized clinical examinations, and analysis of radiographs. HRQoL was inquired using different validated questionnaires (KIDSCREEN-27, World Health Organization [WHO]-5, and Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index [GIQLI]). Patients were grouped according to their age. In underage patients, general well-being of the parents was assessed using the WHO-5 questionnaire.
Results Thirty patients were included with a mean age of 11.3 ± 5.7 years. Long-term complications were present in 63% of all patients. HRQoL in underage patients was comparable to the provided reference values and rated as good, while adult patients reported a reduced HRQoL. The presence of gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms was associated with reduced HRQoL in underage patients. Parents of underage patients stated a good general well-being.
Conclusion Long-term complications among patients with repair of EA in Switzerland are common. HRQoL in underage patients is good and general well-being of their parents is unimpaired. Adult patients reported a reduced HRQoL, consistent with other reports. As long-term complications may manifest only later in life, a structured follow-up of patients with an EA repair during childhood and adolescence is needed.
Impact of Magnetic Resonance Lymphography on Lymphaticolvenular Anastomosis for Lower-Limb Lymphedema
Authors: Yasunaga Yoshichika , Kinjo Yuto , Nakajima Yuta , Mimura Shinei , Kobayashi Miharu , Yuzuriha Shunsuke , Kondoh Shoji 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground Although several investigations have described the safety, utility, and precision of magnetic resonance lymphography (MRL) as a preoperative examination for lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA), it is unclear how much MRL assistance impacts LVA results. The present study aimed to clarify the outcome of MRL-assisted LVA for leg lymphedema using body water measurements obtained by bioelectrical impedance analysis.Methods The water reductive effect of MRL-assisted LVA in female secondary leg lymphedema patients was compared with that of non-MRL-assisted controls in this retrospective study. In the MRL-assisted group, all LVA candidates underwent MRL prior to surgery, and the lymphatic vessels to be anastomosed were primarily determined by MRL findings. The body water composition of the treated legs was assessed before LVA and at 6 months postoperatively using a multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analyzer.Results Twenty-three patients in the MRL-assisted study group and an equal number in the non-MRL-assisted control group were analyzed. Although mean leg water volume before LVA, mean excess water volume of the affected leg before LVA, and number of anastomoses created were comparable between the groups, the water volume reduction (1.02 L versus 0.49 L; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03–1.03, p < 0.05) and edema reduction rate (46.7% versus 27.2%; 95% CI: 3.7–35.5%, p < 0.05) in the MRL-assisted group were significantly greater than in controls.Conclusion Preoperative MRL-assisted lymph vessel visualization and selection appeared to significantly enhance the water reductive effect of LVA for International Society of Lymphology classification stage 2 leg lymphedema. MRL also helped to reliably identify lymphatic vessels for anastomosis. Without increasing the number of anastomoses, LVA could be performed more effectively by better detecting stagnant lymphatic vessels using MRL.
Risk Factors of Urogenital Problems among Perimenopausal Women
Authors: Suchithra B. S. , Rajeev T. P. , Dsilva Fatima 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction Menopause is a natural event that results from cessation of the menstrual cycle. It usually occurs in midlife, marking the end of women’s reproductive life. Perimenopause refers to the time at which our body makes the natural transition to the menopause and may last for 4 to 8 years. A lot of urogenital problems start appearing after the age of 40 in women. The aim of the study is to identify the risk factors of the urogenital problems in perimenopausal women.
Materials and Methods An explorative survey design with a purposive sampling method was used to collect the data from 200 women and older than 40 years admitted to the tertiary care hospital and a community under Natekal Primary Health Center were selected for the study.
Results A total of 200 women were enrolled; 85 (42.5%) had urinary tract infections, 49 (24.5%) had urinary retention, 35 (17.5%) had vaginal dryness, 17 (8.5%) had urinary incontinence, 14 (7%) had a loss of libido. The majority, 76 (38%), had this problem for 1 to 2 years. There was association between selected demographic variables with risk factors like occupation (0.023; p < 0.05), number of children (0.023; p < 0.05), and mode of delivery (0.023; p < 0.05).
Conclusion The study result concludes that there was a significant association between urogenital problems and risk factors.
General Surgery in COVID: Challenges of a Government Sector Tertiary Care Medical University in a Developing Country and Lessons Learnt
Authors: Gaurav Kushagra , Anand Akshay , Ahmad Faraz , Agrawal Manish K. , Kumar Awanish , Sonkar Abhinav A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPreserving resources and manpower is paramount in health care. It is important to ensure the ability of surgeons and specialized professionals to function through the pandemic. With one-sixth of world’s population residing in a single developing country, with public health care expenditure being less than 1.28% of the total country’s GDP and poor social protection, it seemed fighting a losing battle. However, a thoughtful and collaborative approach among leaders at every level has resulted in keeping the country afloat. The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic underlines the importance of a mindful utilization of financial and human resources. Modifying international guidelines to fit the region-specific needs as per available resources is expected. This article is based on real-time challenges and experiences of a surgical department of a government medical university in planning and preparing clinical pathways during the COVID-19 pandemic to ensure high quality surgical care.
Yield of Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Epilepsy Diagnosis from 1998 to 2020: A Large Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Stern Tomer , Kornreich Liora , Goldberg Hadassa 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background We aimed to find the clinical significance of brain abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in epilepsy and the lateralization of these findings with electroencephalogram (EEG).
Methods We retrospectively analyzed the results of all EEGs and brain MRIs of 600 consecutive epilepsy patients from 1998 to 2020.
Results Data were available for 563 cases (267 females). Ninety percent of the patients were 18 years old or younger. A total of 345 patients (61.3%) had focal epilepsy, 180 (32%), generalized, and 38 (6.7%), inconclusive. In 187 (33.2%), the first MRI was abnormal and in 81 (out of 108 repeated MRI), the second was pathological. The most frequent brain abnormalities were cortical dysplasia in 41 (18.1%), other structural abnormalities in 25 (11%), various phacomatoses in 23 (10.1%), and mesial temporal sclerosis in 17 (7.5%). Among 226 patients with abnormal MRI, 171 (75.6%) had focal epilepsy when compared with 36 (15.9%) with generalized epilepsy (p <0.001). In 121 patients (53.5%), the result of the abnormal MRI contributed significantly to the understanding of the epilepsy etiology. The side of abnormality was lateralized to the EEG focus in 120 cases (53%); in 10/15 cases with infantile spasms (66%), MRI was significantly abnormal. In 33, in whom the first MRI was normal, a second MRI revealed a significant abnormality.
Conclusion Brain MRI is an important tool in epilepsy diagnosis, mainly in focal seizures and infantile spasms. A repeat MRI is mandatory in intractable focal cases to improve the yield of this test.
Urine Quantification Following Furosemide for Severe Acute Kidney Injury Prediction in Critically Ill Children
Authors: Gist Katja M. , Penk Jamie , Wald Eric L. , Kitzmiller Laura , Webb Tennille N. , Krallman Kelli , Brinton John , Soranno Danielle E. , Goldstein Stuart L. , Basu Rajit K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA standardized, quantified assessment of furosemide responsiveness predicts acute kidney injury (AKI) in children after cardiac surgery and AKI progression in critically ill adults. The purpose of this study was to determine if response to furosemide is predictive of severe AKI in critically ill children outside of cardiac surgery. We performed a multicenter retrospective study of critically ill children. Quantification of furosemide response was based on urine flow rate (normalized for weight) measurement 0 to 6 hours after the dose. The primary outcome was presence of creatinine defined severe AKI (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes stage 2 or greater) within 7 days of furosemide administration. Secondary outcomes included mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation and length of stay. A total of 110 patients were analyzed. Severe AKI occurred in 20% (n = 22). Both 2- and 6-hour urine flow rate were significantly lower in those with severe AKI compared with no AKI (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001). Cutoffs for 2- and 6-hour urine flow rate for prediction of severe AKI were <4 and <3 mL/kg/hour, respectively. The adjusted odds of developing severe AKI for 2-hour urine flow rate of <4 mL/kg/hour was 4.3 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.33–14.15; p = 0.02). The adjusted odds of developing severe AKI for 6-hour urine flow rate of <3 mL/kg/hour was 6.19 (95% CI: 1.85–20.70; p = 0.003). Urine flow rate in response to furosemide is predictive of severe AKI in critically ill children. A prospective assessment of urine flow rate in response to furosemide for predicting subsequent severe AKI is warranted.