bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of relative social rank within a social hierarchy on neural activation in response to familiar or unfamiliar social signals
Authors: Lee Won , Dowd Hollie N. , Nikain Cyrus , Dwortz Madeleine F. , Yang Eilene D. , Curley James P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCompetent social functioning of group-living species relies on the ability of individuals to detect and utilize conspecific social cues to guide behavior. Previous studies have identified numerous brain regions involved in processing these external cues, collectively referred to as the Social Decision-Making Network. However, how the brain encodes social information with respect to an individual’s social status has not been thoroughly examined. In mice, cues about an individual’s identity, including social status, are conveyed through urinary proteins. In this study, we assessed the neural cFos immunoreactivity in dominant and subordinate male mice exposed to familiar and unfamiliar dominant and subordinate male urine. The posteroventral medial amygdala was the only brain region that responded exclusively to dominant compared to subordinate male urine. In all other brain regions, including the VMH, PMv, and vlPAG, activity is modulated by a combination of odor familiarity and the social status of both the urine donor and the subject receiving the cue. We show that dominant subjects exhibit robust differential activity across different types of cues compared to subordinate subjects, suggesting that individuals perceive social cues differently depending on social experience. These data inform further investigation of neurobiological mechanisms underlying social-status related brain differences and behavior.
Deep learning for the fully automated segmentation of the inner ear on MRI
Authors: Vaidyanathan Akshayaa , van der Lubbe Marly F. J. A. , Leijenaar Ralph T. H. , van Hoof Marc , Zerka Fadila , Miraglio Benjamin , Primakov Sergey , Postma Alida A. , Bruintjes Tjasse D. , Bilderbeek Monique A. L. , Sebastiaan Hammer , Dammeijer Patrick F. M. , van Rompaey Vincent , Woodruff Henry C. , Vos Wim , Walsh Seán , van de Berg Raymond , Lambin Philippe 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSegmentation of anatomical structures is valuable in a variety of tasks, including 3D visualization, surgical planning, and quantitative image analysis. Manual segmentation is time-consuming and deals with intra and inter-observer variability. To develop a deep-learning approach for the fully automated segmentation of the inner ear in MRI, a 3D U-net was trained on 944 MRI scans with manually segmented inner ears as reference standard. The model was validated on an independent, multicentric dataset consisting of 177 MRI scans from three different centers. The model was also evaluated on a clinical validation set containing eight MRI scans with severe changes in the morphology of the labyrinth. The 3D U-net model showed precise Dice Similarity Coefficient scores (mean DSC-0.8790) with a high True Positive Rate (91.5%) and low False Discovery Rate and False Negative Rates (14.8% and 8.49% respectively) across images from three different centers. The model proved to perform well with a DSC of 0.8768 on the clinical validation dataset. The proposed auto-segmentation model is equivalent to human readers and is a reliable, consistent, and efficient method for inner ear segmentation, which can be used in a variety of clinical applications such as surgical planning and quantitative image analysis.
Lsr2, a nucleoid-associated protein influencing mycobacterial cell cycle
Authors: Kołodziej Marta , Trojanowski Damian , Bury Katarzyna , Hołówka Joanna , Matysik Weronika , Kąkolewska Hanna , Feddersen Helge , Giacomelli Giacomo , Konieczny Igor , Bramkamp Marc , Zakrzewska-Czerwińska Jolanta 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs) are responsible for maintaining highly organized and yet dynamic chromosome structure in bacteria. The genus Mycobacterium possesses a unique set of NAPs, including Lsr2, which is a DNA-bridging protein. Importantly, Lsr2 is essential for the M. tuberculosis during infection exhibiting pleiotropic activities including regulation of gene expression (mainly as a repressor). Here, we report that deletion of lsr2 gene profoundly impacts the cell morphology of M. smegmatis, which is a model organism for studying the cell biology of M. tuberculosis and other mycobacterial pathogens. Cells lacking Lsr2 are shorter, wider, and more rigid than the wild-type cells. Using time-lapse fluorescent microscopy, we showed that fluorescently tagged Lsr2 forms large and dynamic nucleoprotein complexes, and that the N-terminal oligomerization domain of Lsr2 is indispensable for the formation of nucleoprotein complexes in vivo. Moreover, lsr2 deletion exerts a significant effect on the replication time and replisome dynamics. Thus, we propose that the Lsr2 nucleoprotein complexes may contribute to maintaining the proper organization of the newly synthesized DNA and therefore influencing mycobacterial cell cycle.
Terroir and vintage discrimination of Malbec wines based on phenolic composition across multiple sites in Mendoza, Argentina
Authors: Urvieta Roy , Jones Gregory , Buscema Fernando , Bottini Rubén , Fontana Ariel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study evaluated the phenolic profiles of Malbec wines made from grapes of 23 parcels distributed in 12 geographical indications (GIs) from Mendoza, Argentina. Wines were elaborated under standardized winemaking conditions over three consecutive vintages (2016–2018). Data discriminated wines from different GIs and parcels, based on an integrative data analysis by chemometric tools. Vintage effect and specific phenolic compounds were associated with some GIs or parcels. As well, regional climate conditions allowed partial discrimination of the GIs (and also some parcels). A random forest analysis correctly identified 11 out of 23 individual parcels across the different vintages. The most notorious compounds associated with such classification were p-coumaric acid, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, caffeic acid, quercetin and peonidin-3-O-glucoside. The presented research allows to individualize, through phenolic profiles, parcels with unique characteristics over years. This is the first report characterizing Malbec wines coming from several GIs (and individual parcels) in different vintages. These results are strongly related to terroir features of wines, contributing to a better communication to consumers and to position Argentinean wines.
Serum matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7) is a biomarker of fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Irvine Katharine M. , Okano Satomi , Patel Preya J. , Horsfall Leigh U. , Williams Suzanne , Russell Anthony , Powell Elizabeth E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects 25% of the adult population globally. Since liver fibrosis is the most important predictor of liver-related complications in patients with NAFLD, identification of patients with advanced fibrosis among at-risk individuals is an important issue in clinical practice. Transient elastography is the best evaluated non-invasive method used in referral centres to assess liver fibrosis, however serum-based tests, such as the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) score, have a practical advantage as first-line tests due to their wider availability and lower cost. We previously identified matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7) as a serum biomarker of histological advanced fibrosis in a mixed-etiology patient cohort. In this study we aimed to determine the association between MMP7 and fibrosis, assessed by transient elastography, in patients with NAFLD. Serum MMP7 levels were measured in a cohort of 228 patients with NAFLD. Associations between MMP7, liver stiffness measurement (LSM), ELF score and clinical parameters were determined using logistic regression modelling. Serum MMP7 was associated with clinically significant fibrosis (LSM ≥ 8.2), independent of age, gender, BMI and diabetes. The addition of MMP7 significantly improved the diagnostic performance of the ELF test, particularly in patients over the age of 60. Combinations of serum biomarkers have the potential to improve the sensitivity and specificity of detection of advanced fibrosis in at-risk patients with NAFLD. We have demonstrated that serum MMP7 is independently associated with clinically significant fibrosis and improves the diagnostic performance of currently available tests in older patients.
IOX1 activity as sepsis therapy and an antibiotic against multidrug-resistant bacteria
Authors: Lee Su Jin , You Jueng Soo , Gharbi Amal , Kim Yong Joo , Lee Mi Suk , Kim Dong Hwan , Lee Keun Woo , Jung In Duk , Park Yeong Min 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSepsis is caused by organ dysfunction initiated by an unrestrained host immune response to infection. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has rapidly increased in the last decades and has stimulated a firm research platform to combat infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria that cannot be eradicated with conventional antibiotics. Strategies like epigenetic regulators such as lysine demethylase (Kdm) has received attention as a new target. Thus, we sought to investigate the epigenetic mechanisms in sepsis pathophysiology with the aim of discovering new concepts for treatment. A transcriptome analysis of dendritic cells during their inflammatory state identified Kdm as a critical molecule in sepsis regulation. Next, 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-carboxylic acid (IOX1) ability to control endotoxemia induced by Lipopolysaccharide and bacterial sepsis was demonstrated. IOX1 has been shown to regulate endotoxemia and sepsis caused by Escherichia coli and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and has also contributed to the suppression of multidrug-resistant bacterial growth through the inhibition of DNA Gyrase. These findings show that IOX1 could be a component agent against bacterial sepsis by functioning as a broad-spectrum antibiotic with dual effects.
Low birth weight as a potential risk factor for severe COVID-19 in adults
Authors: Crispi Fàtima , Crovetto Francesca , Larroya Marta , Camacho Marta , Tortajada Marta , Sibila Oriol , Badia Joan Ramon , López Marta , Vellvé Kilian , Garcia Ferran , Trilla Antoni , Faner Rosa , Blanco Isabel , Borràs Roger , Agustí Alvar , Gratacós Eduard 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe identification of factors predisposing to severe COVID-19 in young adults remains partially characterized. Low birth weight (LBW) alters cardiovascular and lung development and predisposes to adult disease. We hypothesized that LBW is a risk factor for severe COVID-19 in non-elderly subjects. We analyzed a prospective cohort of 397 patients (18–70 years) with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection attended in a tertiary hospital, where 15% required admission to Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Perinatal and current potentially predictive variables were obtained from all patients and LBW was defined as birth weight ≤ 2.500 g. Age (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.04 [1–1.07], P = 0.012), male sex (aOR 3.39 [1.72–6.67], P < 0.001), hypertension (aOR 3.37 [1.69–6.72], P = 0.001), and LBW (aOR 3.61 [1.55–8.43], P = 0.003) independently predicted admission to ICU. The area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve (AUC) of this model was 0.79 [95% CI, 0.74–0.85], with positive and negative predictive values of 29.1% and 97.6% respectively. Results were reproduced in an independent cohort, from a web-based survey in 1822 subjects who self-reported laboratory-positive SARS-CoV-2 infection, where 46 patients (2.5%) needed ICU admission (AUC 0.74 [95% CI 0.68–0.81]). LBW seems to be an independent risk factor for severe COVID-19 in non-elderly adults and might improve the performance of risk stratification algorithms.
Differentiation of recurrent glioblastoma from radiation necrosis using diffusion radiomics with machine learning model development and external validation
Authors: Park Yae Won , Choi Dongmin , Park Ji Eun , Ahn Sung Soo , Kim Hwiyoung , Chang Jong Hee , Kim Se Hoon , Kim Ho Sung , Lee Seung-Koo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to establish a high-performing radiomics strategy with machine learning from conventional and diffusion MRI to differentiate recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) from radiation necrosis (RN) after concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) or radiotherapy. Eighty-six patients with GBM were enrolled in the training set after they underwent CCRT or radiotherapy and presented with new or enlarging contrast enhancement within the radiation field on follow-up MRI. A diagnosis was established either pathologically or clinicoradiologically (63 recurrent GBM and 23 RN). Another 41 patients (23 recurrent GBM and 18 RN) from a different institution were enrolled in the test set. Conventional MRI sequences (T2-weighted and postcontrast T1-weighted images) and ADC were analyzed to extract 263 radiomic features. After feature selection, various machine learning models with oversampling methods were trained with combinations of MRI sequences and subsequently validated in the test set. In the independent test set, the model using ADC sequence showed the best diagnostic performance, with an AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity of 0.80, 78%, 66.7%, and 87%, respectively. In conclusion, the radiomics models models using other MRI sequences showed AUCs ranging from 0.65 to 0.66 in the test set. The diffusion radiomics may be helpful in differentiating recurrent GBM from RN..
Iron accumulation in the oculomotor nerve of the progressive supranuclear palsy brain
Authors: Lee Hansol , Lee Myung Jun , Kim Eun-Joo , Huh Gi Yeong , Lee Jae-Hyeok , Cho HyungJoon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAbnormal iron accumulation around the substantia nigra (SN) is a diagnostic indicator of Parkinsonism. This study aimed to identify iron-related microarchitectural changes around the SN of brains with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) via postmortem validations and in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). 7 T high-resolution MRI was applied to two postmortem brain tissues, from one normal brain and one PSP brain. Histopathological examinations were performed to demonstrate the molecular origin of the high-resolution postmortem MRI findings, by using ferric iron staining, myelin staining, and two-dimensional laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) imaging. In vivo iron-related MRI was performed on five healthy controls, five patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), and five patients with PSP. In the postmortem examination, excessive iron deposition along the myelinated fiber at the anterior SN and third cranial nerve (oculomotor nerve) fascicles of the PSP brain was verified by LA-ICP-MS. This region corresponded to those with high R2* values and positive susceptibility from quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), but was less sensitive in Perls’ Prussian blue staining. In in vivo susceptibility-weighted imaging, hypointense pixels were observed in the region between the SN and red nucleus (RN) in patients with PSP, but not in healthy controls and patients with PD. R2* and QSM values of such region were significantly higher in patients with PSP compared to those in healthy controls and patients with PD as well (vs. healthy control: p = 0.008; vs. PD: p = 0.008). Thus, excessive iron accumulation along the myelinated fibers at the anterior SN and oculomotor nerve fascicles may be a pathological characteristic and crucial MR biomarker in a brain with PSP.
Neonicotinoid pesticides exert metabolic effects on avian pollinators
Authors: English Simon G. , Sandoval-Herrera Natalia I. , Bishop Christine A. , Cartwright Melissa , Maisonneuve France , Elliott John E. , Welch Kenneth C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNeonicotinoids are neurotoxic systemic insecticides applied extensively worldwide. The impacts of common neonicotinoids like imidacloprid on non-target invertebrate pollinators have been widely studied, however effects on vertebrate pollinators have received little attention. Here, we describe the first study evaluating the effects of short-term (3 d) exposure to a range of environmentally relevant concentrations ($${0.2}\,\upmu \hbox {g g}^{-1}$$

0.2

μ
g

g

-
1

to $${2.5}\,\upmu \hbox {g g}^{-1}\cdot$$

2.5

μ
g

g

-
1

·

Body Weight) of imidacloprid on wild-caught ruby-throated hummingbirds. Within 2 h of exposure, hummingbirds exhibited a significant depression in energy expenditure (up to $$25\% \pm 11\%$$

25
%
±
11
%

). We did not observe significant effects on foraging behaviour measured in the subsequent 2 h to 4 h, although the effect size estimate was large (0.29). We also analyzed tissues collected 24 h after the final dose and did not observe significant effects on immune response or cholinesterase activity, although this may be related to our small sample size. We determined that hummingbirds excrete imidacloprid quickly (elimination half-life of $$2.1\hbox { h} \pm 0.1\hbox { h}$$

2.1

h
±
0.1

h

) relative to other bird species. Hummingbirds have high energetic demands and store relatively little energy, especially during migration and breeding seasons. Therefore, changes in their metabolism following exposures to imidacloprid observed herein could bear important survivorship consequences for hummingbirds.
Abnormal cranium development in children and adolescents affected by syndromes or diseases associated with neurodysfunction
Authors: Guzik Agnieszka , Perenc Lidia , Drużbicki Mariusz , Podgórska-Bednarz Justyna 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMicrocephaly and macrocephaly can be considered both cranial growth defects and clinical symptoms. There are two assessment criteria: one applied in dysmorphology and another conventionally used in clinical practice. The determination of which definition or under which paradigm the terminology should be applied can vary on a daily basis and from case to case as necessity dictates, as can defining the relationship between microcephaly or macrocephaly and syndromes or diseases associated with neurodysfunction. Thus, there is a need for standardization of the definition of microcephaly and macrocephaly. This study was designed to investigate associations between abnormal cranial development (head size) and diseases or syndromes linked to neurodysfunction based on essential data collected upon admission of patients to the Neurological Rehabilitation Ward for Children and Adolescents in Poland. The retrospective analysis involved 327 children and adolescents with medical conditions associated with neurodysfunction. Two assessment criteria were applied to identify subgroups of patients with microcephaly, normal head size, and macrocephaly: one system commonly used in clinical practice and another applied in dysmorphology. Based on the results, children and adolescents with syndromes or diseases associated with neurodysfunction present abnormal cranial development (head size), and microcephaly rarely co-occurs with neuromuscular disease. Macrocephaly frequently co-occurs with neural tube defects or neuromuscular diseases and rarely with cerebral palsy (p < 0.05); microcephaly frequently co-occurs with epilepsy and hypothyroidism (p < 0.001). Traditional classification facilitates the identification of a greater number of relationships and is therefore recommended for use in daily practice. There is a need to standardize the definition of microcephaly and macrocephaly and to include them in ‘Human Phenotype Ontology’ terms.
The role of dislocation-solute interactions on the creep behaviour of binary Mg–RE alloys
Authors: Li Jing , Wu Jialin , Jin Li , Celikin Mert , Wang Fenghua , Dong Shuai , Dong Jie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe effect of dislocation-RE atoms interactions on the creep behaviour has been studied via creep testing and HAADF-STEM analysis of two extruded alloys; Mg–0.5Ce and Mg–2Gd (wt%). Almost no Ce atoms are detected in the Mg matrix due to the low solid solubility and faster diffusion rate in as-extruded condition. However, Gd solute segregations are observed along dislocations and hexagonal dislocation patterns. Such segregations can not only pin the dislocation motion and enhance the creep strengthening via dislocation patterns, but also lead to dynamic precipitation. Thus, combing with the stress exponent values, the transition of creep mechanism between Mg–0.5Ce alloys and Mg–2Gd alloys has been found and dislocation-Gd atoms interactions are determined to be the main factor for superior creep resistance of Mg–2Gd alloys.
Organization and phylogenetic relationships of the mitochondrial genomes of Speiredonia retorta and other lepidopteran insects
Authors: Sun Yu , Huang Hua , Liu Yudong , Liu Shanshan , Xia Jun , Zhang Kai , Geng Jian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, we analyzed the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Speiredonia retorta, which is a pest and a member of the Lepidoptera order. In total, the S. retorta mitogenome was found to contain 15,652 base pairs encoding 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs, as well as an adenine (A) + thymine (T)-rich region. These findings were consistent with the mitogenome composition of other lepidopterans, as we identified all 13 PCGs beginning at ATN codons. We also found that 11 PCGs terminated with canonical stop codons, whereas cox2 and nad4 exhibited incomplete termination codons. By analyzing the mitogenome of S. retorta using Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) models, we were able to further confirm that this species is a member of the Erebidae family.
Climate change vulnerability assessment of the main marine commercial fish and invertebrates of Portugal
Authors: Bueno-Pardo Juan , Nobre Daniela , Monteiro João N. , Sousa Pedro M. , Costa Eudriano F. S. , Baptista Vânia , Ovelheiro Andreia , Vieira Vasco M. N. C. S. , Chícharo Luís , Gaspar Miguel , Erzini Karim , Kay Susan , Queiroga Henrique , Teodósio Maria A. , Leitão Francisco 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis is the first attempt to apply an expert-based ecological vulnerability assessment of the effects of climate change on the main marine resources of Portugal. The vulnerability, exposure, sensitivity, adaptive capacity, and expected directional effects of 74 species of fish and invertebrates of commercial interest is estimated based on criteria related to their life-history and level of conservation or exploitation. This analysis is performed separately for three regions of Portugal and two scenarios of climate change (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5). To do that, the fourth assessment report IPCC framework for vulnerability assessments was coupled to the outputs of a physical-biogeochemical model allowing to weight the exposure of the species by the expected variability of the environmental variables in the future. The highest vulnerabilities were found for some migratory and elasmobranch species, although overall vulnerability scores were low probably due to the high adaptive capacity of species from temperate ecosystems. Among regions, the highest average vulnerability was estimated for the species in the Central region while higher vulnerabilities were identified under climate change scenario RCP 8.5 in the three regions, due to higher expected climatic variability. This work establishes the basis for the assessment of the vulnerability of the human activities relying on marine resources in the context of climate change.