bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Survey on Current Semantic level Algorithms for improving Performance in CBIR
Authors: Arun A , Nirmaladevi P 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper expounds a complete review of recent topical methodological attainments in the investigation region of CBIR. Many decades, Images are being utilized in variety of applications counting with Education, Healthcare, Defense, Engineering and Entertainment etc. Commonly, the amount of images across the world has developed in an enormous way. Consequently, in enormous and wide-ranging group, retrieving images in effective and efficient way is a challenging constraint. To elucidate this situation, diverse practices are implemented. This review comprises numerous publications to pronounce the study features of its region related to extraction of content features in different sized of the vectors, distance matrices, connect bridge between complexities and added with objective of the applications improvement such as precision and recall rate. Moreover, established on the demand of dissimilar applications and recent methodology, limited capable research directions are submitted.
Enhanced Algorithm for Bio Metric Based Secret Data Hiding
Authors: Kavitha M , Syedakbar S , Meenal T , Sarath Kumar R , Stonier Albert Alexander 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Distributed illustration is used for compression method. For a replacement given fingerprint pictures, represent its patches in line with the wordbook by computing l0-minimization then quantize and cipher the illustration. Experiments additionally illustrates that the algorithmic program is robust to extract trivia. This algorithmic program is economical compared with JPEG, JPEG 2000 and WSQ. All previous strategies have ompressed fingerprint pictures. then compressed pictures 2 finger combination primarily based new finger print produce for prime secure privacy protection. a very distinctive system for shielding fingerprint privacy by combining 2 totally different fingerprints into a replacement identity for authentication. And additionally to classify the coaching samples ought to embrace fingerprints with totally different.
Overview on Various Techniques for Reduction of cogging torque and torque ripples of Permanent Magnet motors of different rotor configurations
Authors: Ravisankar B , Senthilnathan N , Sethupathi P 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Different types of PM motors are finding applications substituting squirrel cage induction motors for its smooth control, energy efficient operations and high power density. Even though these motors are energy efficient, they are affected by ripples in the torque and cogging torque. Torque ripples are nothing but the oscillations leading to various mechanical issues like vibrations, rotor stress and noise. Factors like non sinusoidal distribution of flux, saturation, wrong selection of slots etc are creating ripples in developed torque. These ill effects are deteriorating PM motors performance in starting and steady state. Now a days reducing cogging torque and ripples in torque gained significance in the motor design. So in this work, various techniques to reduce ripples in torque and to reduce cogging torque of various PM motors has been investigated and reported.
Mathematical Model Approach for AC and DC Regulators Excitation Systems (ES)
Authors: Demeke Diresie Yirgu , Pattanaik Balachandra , Hussain Syed Masood , Abibual Abate , Sundaram Balanaidu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Balancing equations for excitation system is very basic and fundamental concept and in some cases it becomes more difficult so that a mathematical treatment is needed in order to make it easy for AC and DC Regulators Excitation Systems (ES). This research paper mainly focuses on an excellent application of The power generating units and higher power motors are majority included by wound field synchronous machines because of it has flexible field excitation, flux intrinsic weakening capacity and high efficiency. It can be also used in low to medium power range for high end solutions in a wide range. This paper is analyzing a study of modern methods and technologies of excitation system for AC and DC regulators.
Design of Bidirectional Battery Charger for Electric Vehicle
Authors: Srinivasan M , Stonier Albert Alexander , Visalaxi G , Revanth M , Sanjeevkumar K , Sinduja B , Subiksha S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes a design for the Bidirectional electric vehicle charger which is capable of doing both the Grid to Vehicle and Vehicle to Grid power transfer, and the interaction will be made through an automatic smart energy management system(EMS). A simple power electronics topology is used. The user can adjust the output of this charger by using the control signal provided by the controller. The simulation result obtained shows that it has an interaction between the charger and an Energy Management System(EMS) in a residence.
Hybrid PV-Wind System With Power Quality Improvement Using PV-DVR
Authors: Navinkumar T M , Aruljothi R , Srinivasan M. , Stonier Albert Alexander 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Owing to the rapid growth of Renewable Energy Sources, Microgrid finds greater significance in satisfying consumer need in today’s world. However, the increased number of Distributed Energy Resources might introduce power quality issues in a grid connected microgrid system due to the intermittent nature of such natural resources and power electronic converters associated with their conversion. So as to compensate such power quality issues, this paper proposes a Custom Power Device (CPD) namely Photovoltaic -Dynamic Voltage Restorer (PV-DVR), which uses a PV as a source for the Battery Energy Storage System (BESS). A PMSG driven PV Microgrid system with a MPPT controller for maximum power extraction from PV source and a hysteresis controller for effective grid synchronization and lesser harmonic distortion is taken for analysis. The dynamic performance of the grid connected microgrid system with DVR is analyzed for various loads and different power quality issues like voltage sag/swell, harmonics, interruption etc. Wavelet Transform based switching controller is used to detect the power quality event occurring and operate the PV-DVR accordingly.
Investigation of low frequency fibre Bragg grating accelerometer based on thermoplastic cantilever beam
Authors: Hafizi Z M , Vorathin E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Vibration measurement technique is very important in structural integrity monitoring. Various fibre Bragg grating (FBG) based accelerometers have been developed for vibration measurement. However, most of the researchers focused on high frequency monitoring and only few reported works are based on low frequency measurement. Therefore, this paper presented a low frequency FBG accelerometer based on Polyphenylene Ether (PPE) thermoplastic cantilever beam. The proposed FBG accelerometer was attached to a shaker and vibration signals were given with variations in frequency and acceleration. As a result, the FBG accelerometer has a sensitivity of 110 pm/g and natural frequency of 9 Hz. The proposed accelerometer capable to detect low frequency of 2 Hz at 0.04 g which is suitable for utilisation in seismic monitoring of earthquake.
Effect of thread profile on bending strength of pedicle screw
Authors: Daud Rosdi , Kennedy S J , Mas Ayu H , Shah A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Current pedicle screw designs have not achieved strong bending strength due to varying bone density among patients. Osteoporosis further presents complications in screw fixation and instrumentation failure due patients having less dense bones. We conducted this study to investigate the effect of thread profile on the bending strength of pedicle screw. The study also focus on the bending performance comparison between single threaded and dual threaded pedicle screw via finite element method. The finite element analysis (FEA) was apply to investigate the effect of thread design on the bending strength of pedicle screw (dual threaded, double dual threaded and the dual lead dual threaded screw designs) under normal and osteoporotic bone conditions. The FEA results obtained show that the thread profile does influence the bending strength of a pedicle screw in normal and osteoporotic bones. The dual lead dual threaded pedicle screw showed an improvement of 1.88% in its deflection due to bending. While for the osteoporotic condition, the dual lead dual threaded pedicle screw showed an improvement of 32.3% in term of deflection. Thus, this finding have potential in assisting the optimum pedicle screw design in future although further investigation needed to support this finding.
A review on 3D printing bio-based polymer composite
Authors: Sandanamsamy L , Mogan J , Halim N A , Harun W S W , Kadirgama K , Ramasamy D 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Polymers play a vital role in our daily lives. In various fields such as medical, food industry and automotive applications, the use of biopolymers is commonly used. The most widely used polymers and fillers among biopolymers are polylactic acid (PLA) and cellulose, which are biocompatible and biodegradable due to their eco-friendly properties. Extensive usage of cellulose in various forms has been applied in combination to PLA but there is only a few research that has been done by using the 3D printing method. This paper covers the types of biodegradable biopolymer materials, types of coupling agents and plasticizers, mechanical properties and applications. This paper discusses the types of cellulose ranging from micro to nano, including other types and sources of cellulose that have been researched and are compatible with PLA. In order to generate biocompatible polymers with stronger and better mechanical properties, the findings of these experiments are all tied together. These biopolymers are commonly used in the biomedical industry and are expected to improve their benefits in this field.
Smart solution for low humidity problems using automatic ultrasonic humidifier (AUH)
Authors: Sakib Md Nazmus , Hasan Sohel Md Mahmudul , Islam Shahanul , Islam Minarul 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Humidity has a substantial impact on biological and environmental factors. Improper relative humidity (too high or very low) can create discomfort for individuals and affect several systems and apparatus. On the other hand, the correct type of humidifying machinery and functions may facilitate reliable, economic, and trouble-free control of moisture. Humidity in the winter region is always too low, which causes anxiety. This study aims to develop a microcontroller-based system to identify and eliminate such low humidity problems. A control system is implemented to generate air humidity according to the need to decide whether the unit is working. A wireless sensor was used to measure the room’s relative humidity and temperature. The Humidifier is activated whenever the relative humidity is less than that of the setting’s value according to the standard humidity value. A humidifier is developed using vaporizing ultrasound, which can still be considered the automatic ultrasonic Humidifier (AUH). The setting is suitable in the winter zone or where the relative humidity is below the standard comfort value. In this study, data were recorded in Khulna, Bangladesh, between April and May of 2018. Most of the sensor’s recorded values were greater than the standard comfort Relative humidity, so the Humidifier was disabled. Humidifier activated while the sensor recorded lower relative humidity value with comparison to the standard set value.
Influence of polymer coated aggregate on the aggregate impact and crushing value
Authors: Ahmad A F , Razali A R , Romlay F R M , Razelan I S M 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPolyethylene Terephthalate (PET) and latex belong to the family of the polymer. PET type of plastic bottle is the most commonly found in the household waste stream. Recycling this type of plastic into another form is the cheapest and the best way of recycling. However, this may not become a green waste management solution when energy is used to transform this plastic into another useable form. In this study, PET was used to discover the potential for improvement of asphalt mixture properties. This study examines the plastic waste used as an aggregate coating. PET plastic bottle was shredded and sieved to obtain size 0.425 to 0.075mm then was blended with hot aggregate to form a thin layer of plastic coating on the aggregate surface. The comparison between unmodified aggregate properties and modified properties was studied. 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 9%, 11%, 13% and 15% of plastic by weight of aggregate were used as aggregate coating. The aggregate impact value test (AIV) and aggregate crushing value test (ACV) were done on the plastic coated aggregate. The test result had shown an improvement in the properties of plastic coated aggregate. From the experiment results conducted on the PET and aggregate, we can conclude that the lowest percent of aggregate loss on the crushing value test is 16.34% when PET content is 9% while 8.00% when PET content is 13% for the impact value test. The lowest percent of aggregate loss for impact value is then compared with the percent loss of PET Latex coated aggregate. The presence of latex and PET has caused the strength of the aggregate to increase where the percentage loss value when performed impact test is very low that is can achieve 3.48%. The quality of flexible pavement can be improved when the surface of the aggregate is coated with the polymer.
Effect of the particle size of graphene oxide powders on the electrochemical performance of graphene-based supercapacitors
Authors: Lim TaeGyeong , Suk Ji Won 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Graphene has been extensively investigated as an electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors due to its high electrical conductivity and large surface area. Because conventional graphene-based supercapacitors use reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in a powder form, the particle size can be one of the important factors affecting the supercapacitor performance. In this study, the effect of the particle size of graphene oxide (GO) powders was studied for the electrochemical performance of graphene-based supercapacitors. The GO powders with three different particle size distributions were used for the electrochemical tests after reducing the GO powders using simple microwave irradiation. The chemical characteristics and specific surface areas of the rGO powders synthesized by microwave irradiation (MWrGO) were nearly the same for all cases. However, the supercapacitor using the MWrGO powders with a medium size showed a higher specific capacitance (109.1 F g−1) with a lower internal resistance and efficient charge transfer. This work provides an effective method to enhance the electrochemical performance of the MWrGO powders.
Data-driven molecular design for discovery and synthesis of novel ligands: a case study on SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Born Jannis , Manica Matteo , Cadow Joris , Markert Greta , Mill Nil Adell , Filipavicius Modestas , Janakarajan Nikita , Cardinale Antonio , Laino Teodoro , Rodríguez Martínez María 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Bridging systems biology and drug design, we propose a deep learning framework for de novo discovery of molecules tailored to bind with given protein targets. Our methodology is exemplified by the task of designing antiviral candidates to target SARS-CoV-2 related proteins. Crucially, our framework does not require fine-tuning for specific proteins but is demonstrated to generalize in proposing ligands with high predicted binding affinities against unseen targets. Coupling our framework with the automatic retrosynthesis prediction of IBM RXN for Chemistry, we demonstrate the feasibility of swift chemical synthesis of molecules with potential antiviral properties that were designed against a specific protein target. In particular, we synthesize an antiviral candidate designed against the host protein angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2); a surface receptor on human respiratory epithelial cells that facilitates SARS-CoV-2 cell entry through its spike glycoprotein.
This is achieved as follows. First, we train a multimodal ligand–protein binding affinity model on predicting affinities of bioactive compounds to target proteins and couple this model with pharmacological toxicity predictors. Exploiting this multi-objective as a reward function of a conditional molecular generator that consists of two variational autoencoders (VAE), our framework steers the generation toward regions of the chemical space with high-reward molecules. Specifically, we explore a challenging setting of generating ligands against unseen protein targets by performing a leave-one-out-cross-validation on 41 SARS-CoV-2-related target proteins. Using deep reinforcement learning, it is demonstrated that in 35 out of 41 cases, the generation is biased towards sampling binding ligands, with an average increase of 83% comparing to an unbiased VAE. The generated molecules exhibit favorable properties in terms of target binding affinity, selectivity and drug-likeness. We use molecular retrosynthetic models to provide a synthetic accessibility assessment of the best generated hit molecules. Finally, with this end-to-end framework, we synthesize 3-Bromobenzylamine, a potential inhibitor of the host ACE2 protein, solely based on the recommendations of a molecular retrosynthesis model and a synthesis protocol prediction model. We hope that our framework can contribute towards swift discovery of de novo molecules with desired pharmacological properties.
Designing TiO2 nanostructures through hydrothermal growth: influence of process parameters and substrate position
Authors: Dey Sutapa , Roy Somnath C 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Synthesis conditions and processing parameters profoundly affect the growth and morphology of nanostructures. In particular, when nanostructures are fabricated through a chemical technique such as hydrothermal, the process parameters such as reaction time, temperature, precursor concentration, and substrate orientation play a crucial role in determining the structure-property relationships. In this work, we report the hydrothermal growth of Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanostructures as a function of these parameters and show that specific morphologies can be obtained by a variation of these parameters. A systematic study is carried out to understand the influence of reaction time (from 0.5 h to 3.0 h), reaction temperature (180 °C–200 °C), titanium precursor concentration (0.25 ml and 0.50 ml in 20 ml solution of HCl and deionized water) and substrate orientation (horizontal and tilted at an angle), and we show that significant variation in morphology- from nanowires to nanorods and then dandelions can be achieved. In particular, we demonstrate that high surface area multidirectional growth of nanorods leading to flower-like nanostructures or dandelions resulting from precipitation during the hydrothermal process. This is in contrast with previous reports on similar structures, where the role of precipitations was not analyzed. The work shows a possibility to control such growth by manipulating substrate position inside the autoclave during the hydrothermal process and will be useful for surface-dependent applications.
Suboptimal management of hypernatraemia in acute medical admissions
Authors: Brennan Michelle , Mulkerrin Lorcan , Wall Deirdre , O'Shea Paula M , Mulkerrin Eamon C 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Hypernatraemia arises commonly in acute general medical admissions. Affected patients have a guarded prognosis with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Age-related physiology and physical/cognitive barriers to accessing water predispose older patients to developing hypernatraemia. This study sought to perform a descriptive retrospective review of hypernatraemic patients admitted under acute general medicine teams.

Methods
A retrospective cross-sectional study of a sample of acute medical in-patients with serum[sodium]&gt;145 mmol/L was conducted. Patients were exclusively older(&gt;69 years) and admitted from Nursing homes (NH)(41%) and non-NH pathways(59%). A comparison of management of NH /non-NH patients including clinical presentation, comorbidities, laboratory values, [sodium] monitoring, intravenous fluid regimes and patient outcomes was performed.

Results
In total, 102 consecutive patients (males, n=69(67.6%)) were included. Dementia and reduced mobility were more common in NH residents and admission serum [Sodium] higher (148 vs 142 mmol/L/p=0.003). Monitoring was inadequate: no routine bloods within the first 12h in &gt;80% of patients in both groups. No patient had calculated free water deficit documented. More NH patients received correct fluid management (60% vs 33%/p%0.015). Incorrect fluid regimes occurred in both groups (38% vs 58%/p=0.070). Length of stay in discharged patients was lower in NH, (8(4-20) vs 20.5(9.8-49.3 days)/p=0.003). Time to death for NH residents was shorter (9(5.5-11.5) vs 16 (10.25-23.5) days/p=0.011).

Conclusion
This study highlights suboptimal management of hypernatraemia. Implementation of hypernatraemia guidelines for general medical older inpatients are clearly required with mechanisms to confirm adherence. Health care workers require further education on diagnostic challenges of dehydration in older people and the importance of maintaining adequate hydration.
Life-Course Socioeconomic Status and Risk of Hospitalization for Heart Failure or Atrial Fibrillation in the Moli-sani Study Cohort
Authors: Bonaccio Marialaura , Di Castelnuovo Augusto , Costanzo Simona , De Curtis Amalia , Persichillo Mariarosaria , Cerletti Chiara , Donati Maria Benedetta , de Gaetano Giovanni , Iacoviello Licia , on behalf of the Moli-sani Study Investigators   
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We investigated the association of cumulative socioeconomic disadvantage (CSD) and socioeconomic status (SES) trajectories across the life course with the risk of first hospitalization for heart failure (HF) or atrial fibrillation (AF) and tested some biological mechanisms to explain such associations. Longitudinal analysis was conducted of 21,756 people without HF or AF who were recruited for the Moli-sani Study (2005–2010; Italy) and followed up for 8.2 years. CSD was computed using childhood SES, education, and adulthood SES indicators, and the same were used to define overall trajectories. A high level of disadvantage across the life course (CSD ≥ 8) was associated with increased risk of HF (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.58, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.78, 3.74) or AF (HR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.33), as compared with lower CSD. All explanatory factors accounted for 18.5% and 24% of the excess of HF and AF risks, respectively, associated with CSD. For people with low childhood SES, advancements in education lowered their risk of HF (HR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.48, 1.02) or AF (HR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.89), whereas achievements of adulthood SES were unlikely to contribute to disease reduction. In conclusion, a life-course–disadvantaged SES is an important predictor of first hospitalization for HF and AF; known risk factors partially explained the SES–disease gradient. Being in an upwardly mobile group is likely to mitigate the effect of poor childhood circumstances, especially through educational advancement.