bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A micro-CT-based standard brain atlas of the bumblebee
Authors: Rother Lisa , Kraft Nadine , Smith Dylan B. , el Jundi Basil , Gill Richard J. , Pfeiffer Keram 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn recent years, bumblebees have become a prominent insect model organism for a variety of biological disciplines, particularly to investigate learning behaviors as well as visual performance. Understanding these behaviors and their underlying neurobiological principles requires a clear understanding of brain anatomy. Furthermore, to be able to compare neuronal branching patterns across individuals, a common framework is required, which has led to the development of 3D standard brain atlases in most of the neurobiological insect model species. Yet, no bumblebee 3D standard brain atlas has been generated. Here we present a brain atlas for the buff-tailed bumblebee Bombus terrestris using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scans as a source for the raw data sets, rather than traditional confocal microscopy, to produce the first ever micro-CT-based insect brain atlas. We illustrate the advantages of the micro-CT technique, namely, identical native resolution in the three cardinal planes and 3D structure being better preserved. Our Bombus terrestris brain atlas consists of 30 neuropils reconstructed from ten individual worker bees, with micro-CT allowing us to segment neuropils completely intact, including the lamina, which is a tissue structure often damaged when dissecting for immunolabeling. Our brain atlas can serve as a platform to facilitate future neuroscience studies in bumblebees and illustrates the advantages of micro-CT for specific applications in insect neuroanatomy.
Outcomes of an HCV elimination program targeting the Viennese MSM population
Authors: Jachs Mathias , Binter Teresa , Chromy David , Schalk Horst , Pichler Karlheinz , Bauer David , Simbrunner Benedikt , Hartl Lukas , Schmidbauer Caroline , Mayer Florian , Strassl Robert , Mandorfer Mattias , Gschwantler Michael , Reiberger Thomas 
Published: June 2021

Summary
Background and aims
Recent reports suggest an increasing incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among MSM (men-who-have-sex-with-men). Early treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) achieves high cure rates and prevents further HCV transmission. We offered barrier-free HCV screening in the Viennese MSM population and immediate access to DAA treatment.

Methods
In collaboration with gay health specialists, we screened for HCV seropositivity in Viennese MSM between 2019 and 2020. Barrier-free HCV-RNA-PCR tests, transient elastography (TE) and immediate access to DAA treatment were offered.

Results
A total of 310 HCV-seropositive patients were identified. Of those, 145 could be contacted and 109 attended their appointment at our clinic. HIV-coinfection was highly prevalent in our cohort (n = 86/145; 78.9%), while pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) was taken by 21.7% (n = 5/23) of non-HIV patients. Sexual risk behavior and (history of) intravenous drug use was reported by 32.1% and 13.8% of patients, respectively. Most MSM had already achieved sustained virological response (SVR) to previous antiviral treatment (n = 72, 66.1%) or experienced spontaneous clearance (n = 10, 9.2%). Advanced fibrosis was only detected in 3/109 (2.8%) patients. 30 MSM tested positive for HCV-RNA and DAA treatment was initiated in 29 patients – all achieved SVR.

Conclusion
A targeted HCV test-and-treat program revealed a high prevalence of HCV seropositivity among Viennese MSM, potentially associated with high-risk sexual behavior and drug use. Early DAA treatment seems warranted in viremic HCV-MSM as SVR was 100%, which in turn prevents further HCV transmission.
Incompatible strain gradient elasticity of Mindlin type: screw and edge dislocations
Authors: Lazar Markus 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe fundamental problem of dislocations in incompatible isotropic strain gradient elasticity theory of Mindlin type, unsolved for more than half a century, is solved in this work. Incompatible strain gradient elasticity of Mindlin type is the generalization of Mindlin’s compatible strain gradient elasticity including plastic fields providing in this way a proper eigenstrain framework for the study of defects like dislocations. Exact analytical solutions for the displacement fields, elastic distortions, Cauchy stresses, plastic distortions and dislocation densities of screw and edge dislocations are derived. For the numerical analysis of the dislocation fields, elastic constants and gradient elastic constants have been used taken from ab initio DFT calculations. The displacement, elastic distortion, plastic distortion and Cauchy stress fields of screw and edge dislocations are non-singular, finite, and smooth. The dislocation fields of a screw dislocation depend on one characteristic length, whereas the dislocation fields of an edge dislocation depend on up to three characteristic lengths. For a screw dislocation, the dislocation fields obtained in incompatible strain gradient elasticity of Mindlin type agree with the corresponding ones in simplified incompatible strain gradient elasticity. In the case of an edge dislocation, the dislocation fields obtained in incompatible strain gradient elasticity of Mindlin type are depicted more realistic than the corresponding ones in simplified incompatible strain gradient elasticity. Among others, the Cauchy stress of an edge dislocation obtained in incompatible isotropic strain gradient elasticity of Mindlin type looks more physical in the dislocation core region than the Cauchy stress obtained in simplified incompatible strain gradient elasticity and is in good agreement with the stress fields of an edge dislocation computed in atomistic simulations. Moreover, it is shown that the shape of the dislocation core of an edge dislocation has a more realistic asymmetric form due to its inherent asymmetry in incompatible isotropic strain gradient elasticity of Mindlin type than the dislocation core possessing a cylindrical symmetry in simplified incompatible strain gradient elasticity. It is revealed that the considered theory with the incorporation of three characteristic lengths offers a more realistic description of an edge dislocation than the simplified incompatible strain gradient elasticity with only one characteristic length.
Prognostic value of the pre-operative serum albumin to globulin ratio in patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy
Authors: Aydh Abdulmajeed , Mori Keiichiro , D’Andrea David , Motlagh Reza Sari , Abufaraj Mohammad , Pradere Benjamin , Mostafaei Hadi , Laukhtina Ekaterina , Quhal Fahad , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Luzzago Stefano , Briganti Alberto , Trinh Quoc-Dien , Parizi Mehdi Kardoust , Tilki Derya , Enikeev Dmitry V. , Shariat Shahrokh F. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the potential predictive value of the preoperative serum albumin to globulin ratio (AGR) for oncological outcomes in patients treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) for clinically non-metastatic prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods
Pre-operative AGR was assessed in a multi-institutional cohort of 6041 patients treated with RP. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association of the AGR with advanced disease. We performed Cox regression analyses to determine the relationship between AGR and biochemical recurrence (BCR).

Results
The optimal cut-off value was determined to be 1.31 according to receiver operating curve analysis. Compared to patients with a higher AGR, those with a lower preoperative AGR had worse BCR-free survival (P < 0.01) in the Kaplan–Meier analysis. Pre- and post-operative multivariable models that adjusted for the effects of established clinicopathologic features, confirmed its independent association with BCR [hazard ratio (HR) 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.31–1.75, P < 0.01, HR 1.55, 95% CI 1.34–1.79, P < 0.01, respectively]. However, the addition of AGR to established prognostic models did not improve their discrimination.

Conclusion
While AGR is significantly associated with BCR, in the present study, the clinical impact of AGR was not large enough to affect patient management. Longer follow-up is necessary to observe the true effect of AGR.
Goodness-of-fit test for $$\alpha$$-stable distribution based on the quantile conditional variance statistics
Authors: Pitera Marcin , Chechkin Aleksei , Wyłomańska Agnieszka 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe class of $$\alpha$$
α
-stable distributions is ubiquitous in many areas including signal processing, finance, biology, physics, and condition monitoring. In particular, it allows efficient noise modeling and incorporates distributional properties such as asymmetry and heavy-tails. Despite the popularity of this modeling choice, most statistical goodness-of-fit tests designed for $$\alpha$$
α
-stable distributions are based on a generic distance measurement methods. To be efficient, those methods require large sample sizes and often do not efficiently discriminate distributions when the corresponding $$\alpha$$
α
-stable parameters are close to each other. In this paper, we propose a novel goodness-of-fit method based on quantile (trimmed) conditional variances that is designed to overcome these deficiencies and outperforms many benchmark testing procedures. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated using extensive simulation study with focus set on the symmetric case. For completeness, an empirical example linked to plasma physics is provided.
The Ontario Integrated Supervised Injection Services Cohort Study of People Who Inject Drugs in Toronto, Canada (OiSIS-Toronto): Cohort Profile
Authors: Scheim Ayden I. , Sniderman Ruby , Wang Ri , Bouck Zachary , McLean Elizabeth , Mason Kate , Bardwell Geoff , Mitra Sanjana , Greenwald Zoë R. , Thavorn Kednapa , Garber Gary , Baral Stefan D. , Rourke Sean B. , Werb Dan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Ontario Integrated Supervised Injection Services cohort in Toronto, Canada (OiSIS-Toronto) is an open prospective cohort of people who inject drugs (PWID). OiSIS-Toronto was established to evaluate the impacts of supervised consumption services (SCS) integrated within three community health agencies on health status and service use. The cohort includes PWID who do and do not use SCS, recruited via self-referral, snowball sampling, and community/street outreach. From 5 November 2018 to 19 March 2020, we enrolled 701 eligible PWID aged 18+ who lived in Toronto. Participants complete interviewer-administered questionnaires at baseline and semi-annually thereafter and are asked to consent to linkages with provincial healthcare administrative databases (90.2% consented; of whom 82.4% were successfully linked) and SCS client databases. At baseline, 86.5% of participants (64.0% cisgender men, median ([IQR] age= 39 [33–49]) had used SCS in the previous 6 months, of whom most (69.7%) used SCS for <75% of their injections. A majority (56.8%) injected daily, and approximately half (48.0%) reported fentanyl as their most frequently injected drug. As of 23 April 2021, 291 (41.5%) participants had returned for follow-up. Administrative and self-report data are being used to (1) evaluate the impact of integrated SCS on healthcare use, uptake of community health agency services, and health outcomes; (2) identify barriers and facilitators to SCS use; and (3) identify potential enhancements to SCS delivery. Nested sub-studies include evaluation of “safer opioid supply” programs and impacts of COVID-19.
Welche Personenmerkmale sagen Medienvertrauen voraus?
Authors: Jakobs Ilka , Jackob Nikolaus , Schultz Tanjev , Ziegele Marc , Schemer Christian , Quiring Oliver 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Jahren haben viele Studien untersucht, welche Faktoren das Vertrauen in Medien beeinflussen können. Zu einigen dieser Faktoren gibt es vorläufige wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse, die eine klare Richtung andeuten, zu anderen ist die Forschungslage eher heterogen. Wir überprüfen daher anhand einer Trendstudie mit Befragungsdaten aus den Jahren 2017, 2018 und 2019 mit je 1200 Befragten, welche Personenmerkmale sich in Deutschland über einen längeren Zeitraum als stabile Einflussfaktoren erwiesen haben. Dazu führen wir blockweise Regressionsanalysen im Zeitverlauf durch. Neben soziodemografischen Faktoren und der Mediennutzung gehören dazu die Einstellungen zu Politik, Verschwörungsglaube und interpersonales Vertrauen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass alle Gruppen von Variablen mit Medienvertrauen im Zusammenhang stehen, dass ihr Einfluss jedoch unterschiedlich groß ist. In komplexeren Regressionsmodellen wird der Einfluss mancher Variablen vom Effekt anderer Variablen überlagert – dies könnte eine Erklärung für die bislang äußerst heterogene Forschungslage zu beispielsweise dem Einfluss der Soziodemografika auf Medienvertrauen sein. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen auch, welche Rezipientinnen und Rezipienten den Medien weniger oder gar nicht vertrauen.
Model-based clustering for random hypergraphs
Authors: Ng Tin Lok James , Murphy Thomas Brendan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA probabilistic model for random hypergraphs is introduced to represent unary, binary and higher order interactions among objects in real-world problems. This model is an extension of the latent class analysis model that introduces two clustering structures for hyperedges and captures variation in the size of hyperedges. An expectation maximization algorithm with minorization maximization steps is developed to perform parameter estimation. Model selection using Bayesian Information Criterion is proposed. The model is applied to simulated data and two real-world data sets where interesting results are obtained.
Consumption of Entrained Gases Within Bifilms During a Mg-Alloy Casting Process
Authors: Li Tian , Davies J. M. T. , Luo Dan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The formation of entrainment defects, (also known as double oxide film defects or bifilms), caused by the entrapment of a doubled-over surface oxide film containing a small amount of local atmosphere, has been investigated by combining practical experiments using a commercial-purity Mg-alloy under protective gases, with theoretical thermodynamic calculations. Evolution of the entrainment defects was studied, and a double-layered structure of their oxide films was found, which was different from the single-layered structure of the Mg-alloy melt surface films that have been previously reported. A pore gas analyzer was used to analyze the gas trapped within the defects from which H2 and N2 (from the air) were detected. It was found that entrapped gases can be depleted through reactions with the surrounding liquid Mg-alloy, resulting in the oxide films growing together in the melt. Transformation of the entrained gas to solid-phase compounds could reduce the void volume of the defects, thus probably diminishing the negative effect of the entrainment defects on the quality of castings.
Influence of morphology on high-temperature rheological properties of bitumen modified with styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) copolymer
Authors: Zhu Jiqing , Lu Xiaohu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDifferent microstructures of the same polymer-modified bitumen (PMB) were obtained by subjecting the bitumen modified with styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) copolymer to isothermal annealing at various temperatures. The effects of the morphology on the rheological properties of SBS-modified bitumen were investigated within the high-temperature range. The PMB microstructures were quantitatively evaluated using image analysis. A dynamic shear rheometer was used to measure the rheological parameters of the PMB samples and perform the multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR) test. A quantitative basis could be established on which to discuss the relationship between the PMB morphology and rheology. The image analysis indicated that conditioning by isothermal annealing evidently led to a difference in the microstructure of the samples. Variation of the thermal history is demonstrated to be a practical way to vary the morphology of the PMB with the same raw materials and formulation. Compared with the two-phase morphology, the single-phase microstructure tended to have a narrower linear viscoelastic (LVE) region of the PMB. Within the LVE region, especially at low frequencies, the homogenous PMB can store more energy when experiencing loadings and is more elastic. Outside the LVE region, based on the MSCR test results, the homogenous morphology could assist in reaching a higher percentage of strain recovery after the creep period.
Detection of Rickettsia raoultii in Dermacentor reticulatus and Haemaphysalis inermis ticks in Slovakia
Authors: Ouarti Basma , Hamzaoui Basma El , Stanko Michal , Laroche Maureen , Mediannikov Oleg , Parola Philippe , Sekeyová Zuzana 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTicks are vector arthropods responsible for the transmission of several pathogenic agents that affect both human and animal health worldwide. In this study our objective was to analyse, using molecular tools, the bacterial community of Dermacentor reticulatus and Haemaphysalis inermis ticks collected in south-eastern Slovakia. Using real-time PCR, we identified the presence of Rickettsia spp. DNA at levels of 14/59 (23.72 %) and 29/173 (16.76 %) in D. reticulatus and H. inermis, respectively. In addition, using standard PCR and sequencing, we identified the presence of Rickettsia raoultii DNA in 13 ticks belonging to the two investigated species. Rickettsia raoultii blast results revealed an average identification percentage of 99.62 %. Following the results of this molecular study there is a possibility that D. reticulatus and H. inermis play a potential role in the transmission of R. raoultii. To prove the possibility of validity of this hypothesis, we suggest performing experimental models in future studies. Our results can serve as preliminary data for future transmission models.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on hip fractures: the central London experience COVID-related urgent geriatric hip trauma (COUGH) study COVERT ( COVid Emergency-Related Trauma and orthopaedics) collaborative
Authors: Park Chang , Sugand Kapil , Aframian Arash , Morgan Catrin , Pakroo Nadia , Gibbons Charles , Fertleman Michael , Nathwani Dinesh , Bhattacharya Rajarshi , Sarraf Khaled M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction
COVID-19 has been recognized as the unprecedented global health crisis in modern times. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 on treatment of neck of femur fractures (NOFF) against the current guidelines and meeting best practice key performance indicators (KPIs) according to the National Hip Fracture Database (NHFD) in two large central London hospitals.

Materials and methods
A multi-center, longitudinal, retrospective, observational study of NOFF patients was performed for the first ‘golden’ month following the lockdown measures introduced in mid-March 2020. This was compared to the same time period in 2019.

Results
A total of 78 cases were observed. NOFFs accounted for 11% more of all acute referrals during the COVID era. There were fewer overall breaches in KPIs in time to theatre in 2020 and also for those awaiting an orthogeriatric review. Time to discharge from the trust during the pandemic was improved by 54% (p < 0.00001) but patients were 51% less likely to return to their usual residence (p = 0.007). The odds ratio was significantly higher for consultant surgeon-led operations and consultant orthogeriatric-led review in the post-COVID era. There was no significant difference in using aerosol-generating anaesthetic procedures or immortality rates between both years.

Conclusion
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic has not adversely affected the KPIs for the treatment of NOFF patients with significant improvement in numerous care domains. These findings may represent the efforts to ensure that these vulnerable patients are treated promptly to minimize their risks from the coronavirus.
The proportion, species distribution and dynamic trends of bloodstream infection cases in a tertiary hospital in China, 2010–2019
Authors: Cui Jiewei , Li Meng , Cui Jiemin , Wang Juan , Qiang Xiaofei , Liang Zhixin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Recent epidemiological studies on bloodstream infection (BSI) that include the proportion, species distribution and dynamic changes are scarce in China. This study was performed to understand these epidemiological data of BSI over the past 10 years in China.

Methods
Using a prospective nosocomial infection surveillance system, this study was retrospectively performed in one of the largest hospitals in China. The time trend was tested using the Cochran–Armitage trend test in R Programming Language.

Results
From 2010 to 2019, there were totally 9381 episodes of BSI cases out of 1,437,927 adult-hospitalized patients in the hospital, the total proportion of BSI cases was 6.50‰ (6.50 episodes per 1000 adult-hospitalized patients) and the proportion had significantly decreased (8.24–6.07‰, time trend P < 0.001). Among the 9381 episodes of BSI, 93.1% were bacteremia and others were fungemia (6.9%). As the most common species, the composition ratios of coagulase-negative staphylococcus (25.6–32.5%), Escherichia coli (9.8–13.6%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (5.3–10.4%) had been dynamically increased (all time trends P < 0.05) and the proportion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa had decreased (4.0–2.4%, time trend P = 0.032). However, Staphylococcus aureus (3.3–3.1%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (4.4–4.2%) had not changed significantly (P > 0.05). These common species were consistent with China Antimicrobial Surveillance Network reported in 2018 (2018 CHINET report), but their composition ratios were different. In addition, among bacteremia, the proportion of multidrug-resistant bacteria gradually increased from 52.9 to 68.4% (time trend P < 0.001).

Conclusion
The proportion and species distribution of BSI were dynamically changing along certain trends. These trends deserved more attention from clinicians and researchers.
Racial Disparities in 7-Day Readmissions from an Adult Hospital Medicine Service
Authors: Rambachan Aksharananda , Abe-Jones Yumiko , Fernandez Alicia , Shahram Yalda 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Health systems have targeted hospital readmissions to promote health equity as there may be racial and ethnic disparities across different patient groups. However, 7-day readmissions have been understudied in adult hospital medicine.

Design
This is a retrospective study. We performed multivariable logistic regression between patient race/ethnicity and 7-day readmission. Mediation analysis was performed for limited English proficiency (LEP) status. Subgroup analyses were performed for patients with initial admissions for congestive heart failure (CHF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cancer.

Patients
We identified all adults discharged from the adult hospital medicine service at UCSF Medical Center between July 2016 and June 2019.

Main Measures
The primary outcome was 7-day all-cause readmission back to the discharging hospital.

Results
There were 18,808 patients in our dataset who were discharged between July 2016 and June 2019. A total of 1,297 (6.9%) patients were readmitted within 7 days. Following multivariable regression, patients who identified as Black (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.15–1.58, p <0.001) and patients who identified as Asian (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.06–1.50, p = 0.008) had higher odds of readmission compared to white patients. Multivariable regression at the subgroup level for CHF, COPD, and cancer readmissions did not demonstrate significant differences between the racial and ethnic groups.

Conclusions
Black patients and Asian patients experienced higher rates of 7-day readmission than patients who identified as white, confirmed on adjusted analysis.