bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An appraisal of trials investigating the effects on macular pigment optical density of lutein and zeaxanthin dietary interventions: a narrative review
Authors: Fitzpatrick Naomi , Chachay Veronique , Bowtell Joanna , Jackman Sarah , Capra Sandra , Shore Angela , Briskey David 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Lutein and zeaxanthin (L/Z), xanthophylls obtained from the diet, are deposited in the macula of the eye. The macular concentration of L/Z is quantifiable as macular pigment optical density (MPOD). The aim of this review was to critically appraise the effect on MPOD of increasing L/Z intake by dietary intervention in adults. Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Cinahl were searched up to April 2020. Ten studies investigating populations with and without age-related macular degeneration were included. MPOD increased significantly in 2 of the 8 controlled studies. Studies varied largely in the prescribed dietary L/Z dosage, duration, and participant characteristics. No relationships between types of dietary L/Z interventions and MPOD response could be determined. Limited monitoring of habitual dietary L/Z intake was identified as a major limitation of all 10 studies. Habitual dietary L/Z intake should be closely monitored in future studies to account for their effects on MPOD response to dietary L/Z interventions.
Bimodules of Banach Space Nest Algebras
Authors: Duarte LuÍs , Oliveira Lina 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We extend to Banach space nest algebras the theory of essential supports and support function pairs of their bimodules, thereby obtaining Banach space counterparts of long-established results for Hilbert space nest algebras. Namely, given a Banach space nest algebra $\mathcal{A}$, we characterize the maximal and the minimal $\mathcal{A}$-bimodules having a given essential support function or support function pair. These characterizations are complete except for the minimal $\mathcal{A}$-bimodule corresponding to a support function pair, in which case we make some headway. We also show that the weakly closed bimodules of a Banach space nest algebra are exactly those that are reflexive operator spaces. To this end, we crucially prove that reflexive bimodules determine uniquely a certain class of admissible support functions.
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Two Contrasting Maize Inbred Lines Provides Insights on Molecular Mechanisms of Stalk Rot Resistance
Authors: Salcedo Andres , Al-Haddad Jameel , Buell C. Robin , Trail Frances , Góngora-Castillo Elsa , Quesada-Ocampo Lina 
Published: May 2021

Maize stalk rot caused by Fusarium graminearum can lead to severe losses and accumulation of mycotoxins with detrimental effects on livestock health. Because few management strategies are available, the development of resistant varieties is considered the most cost-effective way to control the disease. However, the stalk-tissue-specific mechanisms underlying resistance to F. graminearum remain poorly understood, although it is believed to be strongly influenced by environmental factors. In this study, we performed a temporal transcriptome analysis of two maize inbred lines with contrasting responses to stalk rot using gene expression profiling. We observed differential downregulation of gene expression during the first 2 weeks in a resistant inbred line inoculated with F. graminearum. Time-course gene ontology enrichment analysis suggests that resistance may be caused by a modulation of gene expression associated with redox homeostasis, hormone biosynthesis, cytoskeleton activity, and cell wall remodeling. We validated our gene expression profiling data by measuring the expression of 10 differentially expressed genes using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR. Our analyses also revealed the effect of two environmental conditions with contrasting temperatures and relative humidity on the resistant phenotype and gene expression. This research expands our knowledge of molecular events underlying resistance to stalk rot and the effect of environmental conditions on the disease interaction. Our findings can be exploited for the development of resistant varieties. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Effect of Nurse Practitioner Interventions on Hospitalizations in the Community Transitions Intervention Trial
Authors: Osakwe Zainab Toteh , Barrón Yolanda , McDonald Margaret V. , Feldman Penny H. 
Published: May 2021

Background
Despite improvements in hypertension treatment in the United States, Black and Hispanic individuals experience poor blood pressure control and have worse hypertension-related outcomes compared to Whites.

Objective
The aim of the study was to determine the effect on hospitalization of supplementing usual home care (UHC) with two hypertension-focused transitional care interventions—one deploying nurse practitioners (NPs) and the other NPs plus health coaches.

Methods
We examined post hoc the effect of two hypertension-focused NP interventions on hospitalizations in the Community Transitions Intervention trial—a three-arm, randomized controlled trial comparing the effectiveness of (a) UHC with (b) UHC plus a 30-day NP transitional care intervention or (c) UHC plus NP plus 60-day health coach intervention.

Results
The study comprised 495 participants: mean age = 66 years; 57% female; 70% Black, non-Hispanic; 30% Hispanic. At the 3- and 12-month follow-up, all three groups showed a significant decrease in the average number of hospitalizations compared to baseline. The interventions were not significantly different from UHC.

Conclusion
The results of this post hoc analysis show that, during the study period, decreases in hospitalizations in the intervention groups were comparable to those in UHC, and deploying NPs provided no detectable value added. Future research should focus on testing ways to optimize UHC services.
Pain Behaviors and Pharmacological Pain Management Among Newly Admitted Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Mbrah Attah K. , Bova Carol , Jesdale Bill M. , Nunes Anthony P. , Lapane Kate L. 
Published: May 2021

Background
Clinicians may place more weight on vocal complaints of pain than the other pain behaviors when making decisions about pain management.

Objectives
We examined the association between documented pain behaviors and pharmacological pain management among nursing home residents.

Methods
We included 447,684 residents unable to self-report pain, with staff-documented pain behaviors (vocal, nonverbal, facial expressions, protective behaviors) and pharmacological pain management documented on the 2010–2016 Minimum Data Set 3.0. The outcome was no pharmacological pain medications, as needed only (pro re nata [PRN]), as scheduled only, or as scheduled with PRN medications. We estimated adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals from multinomial logistic models.

Results
Relative to residents with vocal complaints only, those with one pain behavior documented (i.e., nonverbal, facial, or protective behavior) were more likely to lack pain medication versus scheduled and PRN medications. Residents with multiple pain behaviors documented were least likely to have no treatment relative to scheduled with PRN medications, PRN only, or scheduled only pain medication regimens.

Discussion
The type and number of pain behaviors observed are associated with pharmacological pain management regimen. Improving staff recognition of pain among residents unable to self-report is warranted in nursing homes.
Study Protocol Modeling Evoked Pain in Older African Americans With Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Booker Staja Q. , Starkweather Angela , Manini Todd M. , Staud Roland , Fillingim Roger B. 
Published: May 2021

Background
African American (AA) older adults with knee osteoarthritis experience more severe chronic pain and advanced physical disability. One of the most prominent stimuli that provokes knee pain is movement. Research suggests that, compared to Whites, AAs report significantly higher movement-evoked pain (MEP) in the knee. However, little is known about the biopsychosocial–behavioral mechanisms underlying MEP.

Objectives
The aim of the study was to present a study protocol to (a) characterize the biopsychosocial–behavioral mechanisms that predict MEP in AAs with knee osteoarthritis and (b) develop a targeted, mechanism-based self-management intervention to reduce MEP and maximize movement.

Methods
An observational, mixed-methods cohort study will enroll 90 AA/Black adults (ages 55–90 years) to understand intraindividual and interindividual effects on MEP. Participants will complete assessments of MEP, function and gait, biopsychosocial–behavioral questionnaires, quantitative sensory testing, and 7-day ecological momentary assessments of pain and related symptoms. For the qualitative phase, focus groups will be conducted to co-construct a mechanism-based pain self-management intervention.

Results
We will develop phenotypes of MEP based on biopsychosocial–behavioral predictors and correlate measures of MEP with function. Our central hypothesis is that higher levels of MEP will predict lower self-reported function and poorer performance on functional tasks and that multiple biopsychosocial and behavioral factors will be associated with MEP and function. Predictors may serve as risk or protective factors for MEP and physical function. In targeting the biopsychosocial–behavioral mechanisms of MEP, we anticipate that older AAs may request that intervention components include culturally tailored self-management education, movement/physical activity training, treatment decision-making skills, coaching, spirituality, and social/kinship support.

Conclusion
Osteoarthritis is now the single most common cause of disability, mobility limitations, and persistent pain in older adults—especially AA older adults. To our knowledge, this will be the first study to systematically phenotype MEP in an older racial minority population with knee osteoarthritis and will be relevant for reducing knee pain and improving function.
Topical Management of Peristomal Pyoderma Gangrenosum
Authors: Toyoda Tomohiro , Mitsuyama Shinji , Nagao Eri , Abe Fumihito , Kimura Masaaki , Seido Yurie , Higuchi Tetsuya 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND:
Peristomal pyoderma gangrenosum (PPG) presents multiple challenges for healthcare providers. The diagnosis of PPG may be delayed, and it may be mistaken for an irritant dermatitis or an infection. Patients with ostomies secondary to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may experience PPG. Issues related to PPG include difficulty maintaining a seal of the ostomy pouching system and preventing contamination of the painful, necrotic ulcerations characteristic of this condition. Treatment focuses on the appropriate assessment of the ulcers, successful pouch application, and proper management of IBD through a collaborative effort of both dermatologists and certified WOC nurses (CWOCN).

CASES:
We treated 3 patients diagnosed with Crohn's disease (CD) who developed refractory PPG. All 3 were treated with a topical steroid lotion, prednisone, and adalimumab or a combination of these agents. Ostomy products and application were tailored to prevent leakage and protect areas of ulceration. All ulcers were healed within 6 months of our initial consultation.

CONCLUSION:
We successfully managed 3 patients with CD and PPG with appropriate ostomy care, including revision of the ostomy pouching techniques, topical steroid treatment, and treatment based on assessment of ulcer status by the dermatologist and the WOC nurse.
A Rapid and Reliable Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Method for SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostics from Gargle Solutions and Saliva
Authors: Kipping Marc , Tänzler Dirk , Sinz Andrea 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe describe a rapid liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) method for the direct detection and quantitation of SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein in gargle solutions and saliva. The method is based on a multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry approach with a total cycle time of 5 minutes per analysis and allows the detection and accurate quantitation of SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein as low as 500 amol/µl. We improved the sample preparation protocol of our recent piloting SARS-CoV-2 LC/MS study regarding sensitivity, reproducibility, and compatibility with a complementary reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis of the same sample. The aim of this work is to promote diagnostic tools that allow identifying and monitoring SARS-CoV-2 infections by LC/MS methods in a routine clinical environment.
Reckitt Benckiser’s CSR program – capitalizing the rural market
Authors: Khan Tauseef Iqbal , Raza Syed Ali , Devji Mahesh 
Published: May 2021

Learning outcomes
The learning objectives of this case study are listed below: • What is corporate social responsibility (CSR)? • The role of CSR in creating opportunities to growth. • Distinguish the ways in which social marketing evolved differently in urban and rural areas. • Obstacles in CSR • CSR beyond the competition.

Case overview/synopsis
The case of CSR by Reckitt Benckiser (RB) follows the marketing practices through purpose-led marketing through CSR. RB Pakistan Limited is a fast-moving consumer goods provider in Pakistan following a vision of the world where people are healthier and live well. The purpose is to make a difference by giving people innovative solutions for healthier lives and happier homes. This means they are expending their capabilities and investing in innovation to stay ahead of the game. RB is trying to achieve this vision by following the strategy of health and hygiene awareness in rural marketing through various types of communications, by introducing low price products to reduce diarrhea and open defecation. In urban areas, the young generation is the trend creators and they are much involved in awareness of state of the world. RB is committed in providing innovative solutions with the help of well-organized programs such as reaching new moms, educating them and providing awareness sessions in schools to students for handwashing practices. RB carries these activities with the help of non-government organizations and small support of Government of Pakistan.

Complexity academic level
This case is appropriate for MBA (Marketing) courses. The case explains the significance of CSR in capitalizing the growing trend and unleashing untapped areas and remaining competitive by providing innovative solutions. The case can be taught to the strategic marketing students.

Subject code
CSS 8: Marketing.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only.
GoBhaarati- contributing to the “Journey of Healthy Living”
Authors: Dani Vinit Vijay , Dasgupta Meeta 
Published: May 2021

Learning outcomes
The learning outcomes of this paper is as follows: to showcase how a futuristic mission and planned branding initiatives can help start-up social enterprise to create a successful brand; to explain how a comprehensive understanding of the target group and innovative products/services and channel strategies help GoBhaarati position itself as an upcoming not for profit social enterprise; to argue how proper brand mission and branding can help even a small startup to create a brand identity in a fiercely competitive fragmented market dominated by big players; the constraints GoBhaarati faced in constituting and aligning distribution channel. These impulsions can have legal, environmental and or managerial foundations.

Case overview/synopsis
GoBhaarati Agro Industries and Private Limited (GoBhaarati) operated as a nonprofit social enterprise in the Health and Wellness Industry, providing natural indigenous traditional Indian products such as millets, honey, turmeric, jaggery, rock salt and serving millet-based snacks to consumers. At the epicenter of Gobhaarati's branding strategy was its health and wellness positioning. The company's mission was to increase the positive perception of millets and to convince consumers that there was intrinsic value in a product's origin and production processes. Iriventi aimed to achieve a turnover of at least ten crores by 2025, but the company's sales and financial resources were limited. With this clouding in mind, Iriventi could not decide whether to let GoBhaarati stay niche in business or to expand it organically.

Complexity academic level
Graduate and executive management education students can use the case. The case may also be used to focus on entrepreneurship and distribution management for start-up social enterprises.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 8: Marketing.
Retaining human capital: a danger zone for METAL STAR
Authors: Kong Siew Mui , Muthuveloo Rajendran , Chan Josephine Ie Lyn , Nezakati Hossein , Joshi Jignyasu Prafulla 
Published: May 2021

Learning outcomes
This case is to familiarise students with the peculiarities of managing people by focussing on human capital development (HCD). Through the case, students are exposed to the critical recruitment and retention issues faced by METAL STAR Limited Company (METAL STAR), which have a detrimental impact on their business operations. Through the novel use of the transformer-transactor-performer (TTP) profiling tool, students are able to recognise the importance of matching the right candidate to the right job as a solution for recruitment and retention issues. At the end of the case analysis and discussion, students would have a clear idea of the TTP Profiling tool and how to identify core elements needed for an effective and holistic recruitment-retention-separation strategy for a company. The knowledge gained is most valuable for the students as it can be applied to other companies having similar HCD issues.

Case overview/synopsis
Carina Yew is the General Manager of METAL STAR, a sheet metal fabrication company in Penang, Malaysia. After more than 28 years of operations, METAL STAR has been adopting the same human resources (HR) processes and has failed to keep up with the current HR trends. Yew has to decide the best way to lead her company in transforming the HCD strategy to enable smooth and profitable business growth.

Complexity academic level
The case is relevant for undergraduate, postgraduate or even executive students taking courses pertaining to HCD or human resource management.

Subject code
CSS 6: Human resource management.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.
Aditya Gandhi and Gandhi jewels: earning a place in the family business (Part A and B)
Authors: Jayakumar Tulsi , Punjabi Aarti , Shah Jyotsnaa 
Published: May 2021

Learning outcomes
Part A – to identify the challenges of inducting and nurturing next-gen leaders, to outline the building blocks for the successful induction of the next generation into the family business and to spell the importance of mentoring conversations as a tool for successful induction in the family business. Part B – to define the basic tenets of effective communication-goal setting, planning and action using the goals, plans and action framework, to build a “listening” environment through understanding the hearing, understanding, remembering, interpreting, evaluating, and responding mode and to relate the importance of “questioning” in diagnosing a problem and reading both verbal and non-verbal cues in communication.

Case overview/synopsis
The two-part case describes the role of communication amongst young family business scions and a mentor’s role in shaping such communication. Part A traces the induction of Aditya Gandhi, a fourth-generation scion of Gandhi Gems and Jewels, a 110-year old Indian family business dealing in precious gems and jewels. It deals with the challenges of mentoring and successful induction of the next-generation into family business Part B of the case describes the communication between Aditya Gandhi and the proprietor of Gandhi Gems and Jewels’ key client, Ghanshyam Das. It deals with the tenets of effective communication as should be understood by young next-generation family members.

Complexity academic level
The case can be used in an executive programme for owners of family businesses or in an undergraduate or post-graduate programme in general business administration or family business management.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 11: Strategy.
Grupo Lindo Ecuador: air gas production project for Acería Ecuatoriana
Authors: Arteaga María Elizabeth 
Published: May 2021

Learning outcomes
This case teaches participants to: identify evaluation feasibility criteria for project alternatives according to their typology (market, techniques, finances, environmental and social), starting from the analysis of the information available about them. Prepare a comparative project alternative evaluation table, applying good business analysis practices promoted by PMI® and other authors for selecting the most viable project option that will add the most value to the organization.

Case overview/synopsis
At the start of 2013, Acería Ecuatoriana, because of a million-dollar investment that had been started by its general manager, Pérez, increased its melting and steel production capacity from 100,000 tons per year to 220,000 tons per year. This implied a greater demand for industrial gases and require its main additional supplier to deliver. Demand increase caused Grupo Lindo Ecuador´s plant saturation, unit separation air 1. For this reason, Grupo Lindo Ecuador had to import considerable oxygen amounts and this increased its cost of production. This caused Cadena to seek the establishment of a strategic alliance with Acería Ecuatoriana, for the purpose of developing a project for gas production (oxygen, nitrogen and argon). In September of the same year, Nelson became interested but required to know the Grupo Lindo Ecuador project proposal before signing the strategic alliance.

Complexity academic level
The case is addressed to an audience made up of graduate students (graduation and Master’s Degree) who have managerial experience and would like to improve their project management empirical practices.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 9: Operations and logistics.
A qualitative study: health professionals’ perceptions toward psychiatric palliative care for people with serious mental illness
Authors: Baird Donna S. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
People with mental disorders experience higher rates of disability and mortality disproportionately than the general population. Until recently, psychiatric palliative care (PPC) for people with serious mental illness (SMI) was not explored as a treatment option. This paper aims to explore the feasibility of PPC as a supportive care model for people with serious mental illness.

Design/methodology/approach
Fifteen health-care professionals’ in the USA and Europe participated in semi-structured phone interviews regarding PPC for people with SMI. The Qualitative Analysis Guide of Leuven (QUAGOL) was used to conduct thematic analysis of the data.

Findings
PPC was identified as a supportive care model that could improve quality of life and enhance patient autonomy for people with SMI. While PPC was endorsed as a possible new standard of care, it is imperative that the model be piloted to determine its efficacy as a viable treatment option among adults.

Originality/value
There are limited studies that investigate the perceptions of health professionals’ regarding the use of PPC as a treatment option for people with SMI.