bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Care in COVID: A qualitative analysis of the impact of COVID‐19 on the health and care of children and young people with severe physical neurodisability and their families
Authors: Cadwgan Jill , Goodwin Jane , Arichi Tomoki , Patel Anita , Turner Susie , Barkey Sinead , McDonald Aoife , Lumsden Daniel E. , Fairhurst Charlie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate clinicians' perspectives on the impact of ‘lockdown’ during the COVID‐19 pandemic for children and young people with severe physical neurodisability and their families.MethodFramework analysis of comments from families during a recent service review was used to code the themes discussed according to the World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and interpreted into emergent themes to summarize the impact of lockdown (Stage 1). They were presented to a clinician focus group for discussion (consultants and physiotherapists working in a specialist motor disorders service, [Stage 2]).ResultsThree overarching themes ‘Uncertainty and Anxiety’, ‘Exacerbation of Existing Inequalities’ and ‘Care Provision: Reaction, Adaptation, and Innovation’ summed up the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on health and well‐being in children and young people with neurodisability and their families. All themes were influenced by time.InterpretationThis study reflects clinician's perceptions of family experiences of the pandemic and lockdown. Significant impact is apparent in the entire U.K. population, but the complexity of care needs for children with physical neurodisability exacerbates this. Lobbying for government policy is vital to ensure that all children, and in particular those with significant health and social care needs, are protected and continue to access services. During the restoration and recovery phase of the pandemic, there is a need for service reconfiguration that utilizes what we have learned and is adaptive to individual family circumstances.
Lipid transfer protein allergy: A review of current controversies
Authors: Asero Riccardo , Pravettoni Valerio , Scala Enrico , Villalta Danilo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSensitization to lipid transfer protein (LTP), the most frequent cause of food allergy in southern Europe, still shows several controversial, but also intriguing, aspects. Some of these include the degree of cross‐reactivity between LTPs from botanically distant sources, the definition of risk factors, the role of some cofactors, clinical outcomes, geographical differences and the identification of the primary sensitizer in different areas. This review article tries to analyse and comment on these aspects point by point suggesting some explanatory hypotheses with the final scope to stimulate critical thoughts and elicit the scientific discussion about this issue in the readership.
The effects of a resilience programme on social skills, bullying, and victimisation among eight to thirteen‐year‐old students
Authors: Bain Brian J. , Lunde Rebecca M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe continued problem of bullying merits prevention. The resilience programme studied in this research teaches victimisation avoidance skills. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a resilience programme on social skills, victimisation, and bullying among eight to thirteen‐year‐old students. This quantitative, quasi‐experimental design sampled students’ self‐reported social skills (n = 72), bullying (n = 67), and victimisation (n = 67) in two, Northeastern U.S. schools. Paired samples t‐test analyses showed that the programme had positive effects on social skills, no effects on bullying, and negative effects on victimisation. Recommendations were made regarding bullying prevention and future research.
Characteristics of hand eczema in final‐year apprentice nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Šakić Franka , Babić Željka , Franić Zrinka , Macan Jelena 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundApprentice nurses are considered at high risk to developing occupational skin diseases.ObjectivesThis study assessed the frequency and origin of hand eczema, and work‐related risk factors in apprentice nurses.MethodsThe study involved 240 final‐year apprentice nurses (females 75%, median age 19 years) from vocational schools in Zagreb, Croatia. The study was performed in 2020/2021 and included a questionnaire and clinical examination by means of the Osnabrück Hand Eczema Severity Index (OHSI). Skin prick test (SPT) with natural rubber latex (NRL) allergen, and patch test with the basic series of allergens, and disinfectants, were performed in 42 apprentice nurses with hand eczema that lasted more than 3 months.ResultsClinically observed and self‐reported hand eczema were found in 49% and 46% of apprentice nurses, respectively. Those with observed changes were older and reported more days per month spent on practical work than those with healthy skin (P = .001). Median OHSI was 4 (interquartile range 2‐6). There were no positive SPTs to latex, and 11 (26%) apprentice nurses had positive patch test reactions to one or more tested allergens, mostly nickel.ConclusionsHand eczema was common in final‐year apprentice nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic. It was mostly of irritative origin, associated with the duration of practical training, confirming cumulative effect of hazards on skin barrier.
Characterizing demographics and cost of care for dyshidrotic eczema
Authors: Gladys Taylor E. , Maczuga Steven , Flamm Alexandra 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundDyshidrotic eczema (DE) is a common form of eczema affecting the hands, feet, or both areas. To date, there has been little research examining demographics and cost burden associated with this disease.ObjectiveThis study seeks to characterize the demographics of patients affected and the direct costs of care associated with DE.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis utilizing insurance claim information from IBM MarketScan. Pertinent data including demographic information, healthcare provider type, medications prescribed, and average cost of care were identified using the ICD 10 code L30.1 for DE for the year 2018.ResultsIn 2018, 34 932 patients filed claims for DE, with 61% female and an average age of 37 years at first diagnosis. DE was mostly seen in employees from the service industry and the manufacturing of durable goods. The total annual direct cost was US $11 738 985. Average annual costs, however, did vary based on type of treating healthcare provider, level of care, and medications prescribed.ConclusionsPatients with DE can face an economic burden due to their disease and providers should aim to recognize this disease and its treatments to minimize healthcare costs for patients and improve quality of life.
Human retinal pigment epithelial cells
Authors: Wang Lei , Cao Jiani , Peng Yaojin , Fu Boqiang , Jin Zibing , Hu Yuntao , Wu Wei , Xiang Andy peng , Hu Shijun , Yu Junying , Zhang Yu , Wei Jun , Zhang Yong , Li Qiyuan , Zhou Jiaxi , Zhai Peijun , Zhu Huanxin , Liang Lingmin , Ma Aijin , Stacey Glyn , Zhao Tongbiao , Hao Jie 
Published: November 2021

Abstract'Human retinal pigment epithelial cells' is the first set of guidelines on human retinal pigment epithelial cells in China, jointly drafted and agreed upon by experts from the Chinese Society for Stem Cell Research. This standard specifies technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, instructions for usage, labelling requirements, packaging requirements, storage requirements and transportation requirements and waste disposal requirements for human retinal pigment epithelial cells, which is applicable to quality control during the process of manufacturing and testing of human retinal pigment epithelial cells. It was originally released by the Chinese Society for Cell Biology on 9 January 2021. We hope that publication of these guidelines will promote institutional establishment, acceptance and execution of proper protocols and accelerate the international standardization of human retinal pigment epithelial cells for applications.
Ethical issues of organ donation after circulatory death: Considerations for a successful implementation in Chile
Authors: Pérez Castro Pablo , Salas Sofía P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOrgan transplantation is a lifesaving procedure for end‐organ damage and remains up to today as the most cost‐effective alternative to treat these conditions. However, the main limitation to performing organ transplants is the availability of donor organs suitable for transplantation. To increase the donor pool, expanding organ donation from the conventional neurologic determination of death (NDD) to include circulatory determination of death (DCD) has been a well‐established method of increasing donors in other countries. In this article, we discuss the clinical and ethical considerations for introducing DCD in Chile. The concepts we have used could very well be translatable to other similar countries which have not implemented this donation system yet. The most relevant issue to date is that DCD needs to alter the care of dying patients to obtain quality donor organs. In some countries, including Chile, there are some cultural barriers regarding withdrawal‐of‐care. These barriers include confusing withdrawal of care with acceleration of death, which leads to many practitioners refusing to remove artificial life support, and in turn only minimize ventilatory support or switch to a T‐tube (without extubation). This cultural barrier could be overcome with careful consideration of the opinions of healthcare workers, family members, community and policy‐based stakeholders. We also identified ethical issues related to informed consent of both donor and recipients, among other relevant ethical considerations. In conclusion, DCD donation in Chile can increase organ donation numbers in one of Latin America's countries with the lowest effective donor rate. However, this opportunity must be taken with caution to avoid the opposite effect if this policy is not well implemented, respecting the sound ethical principles mentioned in this paper.
Real‐world evidence on clinical outcomes of people with type 1 diabetes using open‐source and commercial automated insulin dosing systems: A systematic review
Authors: Knoll Christine , Peacock Sofia , Wäldchen Mandy , Cooper Drew , Aulakh Simran Kaur , Raile Klemens , Hussain Sufyan , Braune Katarina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsSeveral commercial and open‐source automated insulin dosing (AID) systems have recently been developed and are now used by an increasing number of people with diabetes (PwD). This systematic review explored the current status of real‐world evidence on the latest available AID systems in helping to understand their safety and effectiveness.MethodsA systematic review of real‐world studies on the effect of commercial and open‐source AID system use on clinical outcomes was conducted employing a devised protocol (PROSPERO ID 257354).ResultsOf 441 initially identified studies, 21 published 2018–2021 were included: 12 for Medtronic 670G; one for Tandem Control‐IQ; one for Diabeloop DBLG1; two for AndroidAPS; one for OpenAPS; one for Loop; three comparing various types of AID systems. These studies found that several types of AID systems improve Time‐in‐Range and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) with minimal concerns around severe hypoglycaemia. These improvements were observed in open‐source and commercially developed AID systems alike.ConclusionsCommercially developed and open‐source AID systems represent effective and safe treatment options for PwD of several age groups and genders. Alongside evidence from randomized clinical trials, real‐world studies on AID systems and their effects on glycaemic outcomes are a helpful method for evaluating their safety and effectiveness.
Diabetes management in the face of adversity: Experiences of asylum‐seekers in Belgian reception centres
Authors: Van Hemelrijck Wanda Monika Johanna , Vandenheede Hadewijch , Argeseanu Cunningham Solveig 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes poses a heavy burden on patients due to its progressive and chronic nature; it requires continuous management to promote a high‐quality and long life. Disease management is especially challenging in emergency settings. We examined how displaced people with diabetes experienced managing their illness before and throughout the process of fleeing their home communities and seeking resettlement in Europe.DesignWe designed an interview instrument with closed‐ and open‐ended questions about diabetes diagnosis and management before fleeing the home country, during migration, stays in transit countries and reception in the European Union. We interviewed 20 asylum‐seekers living in Belgian reception centres with diagnosed diabetes mellitus.ResultsPrimary topics emerging from interviews were availability, accessibility, and quality. Belgium was described as a setting with high availability, accessibility and quality of diabetes management components (medication, tools, care) compared with other settings before and during migration. Even in Belgium, maintaining a healthy diet as an asylum‐seeker was difficult. Other concerns such as safety, other health issues and the asylum request itself often outweighed diabetes management.ConclusionsDisplaced people in non‐Western countries need attention for nutrition and diabetes medicine, so aid agencies should consider providing for those needs. For people seeking asylum in the West and living in temporary facilities, care should be paid to the dietary options available for those with diabetes. For irregular migrants, diabetes can be deadly, and resources should be made available for their basic diabetes needs, even if they are not eligible for regular health services.
Acoustic telemetry predation sensors reveal the tribulations of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts migrating through lakes
Authors: Hanssen Erlend M. , Vollset Knut Wiik , Salvanes Anne Gro Vea , Barlaup Bjørn , Whoriskey Kim , Isaksen Trond Einar , Normann Eirik Straume , Hulbak Magnus , Lennox Robert J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSmolt migration through lakes is hazardous, as the predation pressure can be extreme and the hydrology a great contrast to that of a riverine area. However, the mechanisms yielding these challenges have been scarcely investigated. We conducted an acoustic telemetry field study in Lake Evangervatnet, Voss, Norway, utilising Vemco V5 predation tags. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts (N = 20) were tagged with the novel predation sensor tag to investigate mortality, the lacustrine migration behaviour of smolts, and the applicability of these tags for smolt studies. A total of 60% of tagged Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts perished in the lake. Half of the mortalities (30% of tagged fish) were directly attributed to predation by brown trout (Salmo trutta) based on predation sensors. The surviving smolts were slow to traverse the 6.5 km lake, with progression rate between lake inlet and outlet on average 0.016 m/s over a mean of 7.9 ± 6.2 (SD) days. Acoustic detections revealed a consistent pattern of nocturnal migration and multidirectional movements within the lake. By running a series of correlated random walks under varying parameters and comparing the simulated travel times to the observed travel time used by the tagged smolts, we emulated the observed behaviour of the smolts. These simulations suggested that smolts lacked the ability to efficiently navigate through the lake, instead swimming in random directions until they reached the lake outlet. Predation sensors can offer improved resolution when tracking the behaviour and fate of smolts and can facilitate better mitigation efforts by identifying survival bottlenecks and separating predation from non‐predatory mortality.
Landscape genomics of the streamside salamander: Implications for species management in the face of environmental change
Authors: Beer Marc A. , Kane Rachael A. , Micheletti Steven J. , Kozakiewicz Christopher P. , Storfer Andrew 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUnderstanding spatial patterns of genetic differentiation and local adaptation is critical in a period of rapid environmental change. Climate change and anthropogenic development have led to population declines and shifting geographic distributions in numerous species. The streamside salamander, Ambystoma barbouri, is an endemic amphibian with a small geographic range that predominantly inhabits small, ephemeral streams. As A. barbouri is listed as near‐threatened by the IUCN, we describe range‐wide patterns of genetic differentiation and adaptation to assess the species’ potential to respond to environmental change. We use outlier scans and genetic‐environment association analyses to identify genomic variation putatively underlying local adaptation across the species’ geographic range. We find evidence for adaptation with a polygenic architecture and a set of candidate SNPs that identify genes putatively contributing to local adaptation. Our results build on earlier work that suggests that some A. barbouri populations are locally adapted despite evidence for asymmetric gene flow between the range core and periphery. Taken together, the body of work describing the evolutionary genetics of range limits in A. barbouri suggests that the species may be unlikely to respond naturally to environmental challenges through a range shift or in situ adaptation. We suggest that management efforts such as assisted migration may be necessary in future.
Microalgae colonization of different microplastic polymers in experimental mesocosms across an environmental gradient
Authors: Nava Veronica , Matias Miguel G. , Castillo‐Escrivà Andreu , Messyasz Beata , Leoni Barbara 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA variety of organisms can colonize microplastic surfaces through biofouling processes. Heterotrophic bacteria tend to be the focus of plastisphere research; however, the presence of epiplastic microalgae within the biofilm has been repeatedly documented. Despite the relevance of biofouling in determining the fate and effects of microplastics in aquatic systems, data about this process are still scarce, especially for freshwater ecosystems. Here, our goal was to evaluate the biomass development and species composition of biofilms on different plastic polymers and to investigate whether plastic substrates exert a strong enough selection to drive species sorting, overcoming other niche‐defining factors. We added microplastic pellets of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and a mix of the two polymers in 15 lentic mesocosms in five different locations of the Iberian Peninsula, and after one month, we evaluated species composition and biomass of microalgae developed on plastic surfaces. Our results, based on 45 samples, showed that colonization of plastic surfaces occurred in a range of lentic ecosystems covering a wide geographical gradient and different environmental conditions (e.g., nutrient concentration, conductivity, macrophyte coverage). We highlighted that total biomass differed based on the polymer considered, with higher biomass developed on PET substrate compared to HDPE. Microplastics supported the growth of a rich and diversified community of microalgae (242 species), with some cosmopolite species. However, we did not observe species‐specificity in the colonization of the different plastic polymers. Local species pool and nutrient concentration rather than polymeric composition seemed to be the determinant factor defying the community diversity. Regardless of specific environmental conditions, we showed that many species could coexist on the surface of relatively small plastic items, highlighting how microplastics may have considerable carrying capacity, with possible consequences on the wider ecological context.
Is the climate change mitigation effect of enhanced silicate weathering governed by biological processes?
Authors: Vicca Sara , Goll Daniel S. , Hagens Mathilde , Hartmann Jens , Janssens Ivan A. , Neubeck Anna , Peñuelas Josep , Poblador Sílvia , Rijnders Jet , Sardans Jordi , Struyf Eric , Swoboda Philipp , van Groenigen Jan Willem , Vienne Arthur , Verbruggen Erik 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA number of negative emission technologies (NETs) have been proposed to actively remove CO2 from the atmosphere, with enhanced silicate weathering (ESW) as a relatively new NET with considerable climate change mitigation potential. Models calibrated to ESW rates in lab experiments estimate the global potential for inorganic carbon sequestration by ESW at about 0.5–5 Gt CO2 year−1, suggesting ESW could be an important component of the future NETs mix. In real soils, however, weathering rates may differ strongly from lab conditions. Research on natural weathering has shown that biota such as plants, microbes, and macro‐invertebrates can strongly affect weathering rates, but biotic effects were excluded from most ESW lab assessments. Moreover, ESW may alter soil organic carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions by influencing physicochemical and biological processes, which holds the potential to perpetuate even larger negative emissions. Here, we argue that it is likely that the climate change mitigation effect of ESW will be governed by biological processes, emphasizing the need to put these processes on the agenda of this emerging research field.
Unravelling the distinctive growth mechanism of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) under salt stress: From root‐to‐leaf adaptations to molecular response
Authors: Yuan Yuhao , Wu Caoyang , Liu Long , Ma Qian , Yang Qinghua , Feng Baili 
Published: November 2021

AbstractProso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) has potential applications as a new source of bioenergy owing to its high‐yielding C4 attribute. Besides, it has a short life cycle, high harvest index, low planting costs, and strong adaptability and resistance. This study comprehensively reveals the sodium ion (Na+) toxicity resistance strategies from germination to the seedling stage, root to leaf, outside to inside, macro to micro, and the phenotype to the mechanism. Comparative phenotypic and physiological analysis suggested that salt‐tolerant proso millet (ST 47) had better salt tolerance, biomass accumulation, and osmo‐protection than salt‐sensitive proso millet (SS 212). Microstructural analysis indicated that ST 47 could maintain better internal surfaces and intact structures to resist Na+ toxicity and maintain optimal growth. Further, digital RNA sequence analysis indicated that ST 47 could maintain better Na+ and K+ homeostasis by coordinated regulation of transporter genes; the abundance of transcripts involved in chlorophyll metabolism and photosynthesis pathways was higher in ST 47 than SS 212, which contributed to the biomass accumulation. These results suggest that ST 47 resists Na+ toxicity via coordinated physiological, morphological, and molecular mechanisms. Therefore, this crop can serve as an emerging salt‐tolerant bioenergy crop for sustainable saline agriculture and simultaneous phytoremediation.