bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation and Endurance Exercise Training on Insulin Resistance in Newly Diagnosed type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Vitamin D Deficiency : Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Xiang Mi , Sun Xiaomin , Wei Junxiang , Cao Zhen-Bo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAlthough approximately 50% of Chinese T2DM patients have vitamin D deficiency, studies regarding vitamin D supplementation on IR have mainly focused on non-Asians. Endurance exercise training (ET) enhances insulin-mediated glucose metabolism, which plays a critical role in T2DM prevention and control. However, the combined effects of vitamin D supplementation and ET on IR in T2DM patients are unclear.Methods and analysisWe propose a randomized controlled trial among 60 T2DM patients with vitamin D deficiency to evaluate the combined effects of vitamin D supplementation and endurance training on IR. The participants will be randomly allocated to the vitamin D group, vitamin D combined with exercise training group, exercise training group, and control group (CG) using a computer-generated random number sequence. At baseline, participants will undergo a medical review, anthropometric measurements, dual X-ray absorptiometry, a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, ankle-brachial index measurements, and physical fitness measurements and will complete related lifestyle questionnaires. In a 3-month intervention period, vitamin D intervention group will receive a dose of 1000IU daily; exercise group will perform a 1-hour endurance exercise 3 times per week (maximal heart rate, 60%–80%), and the control group will receive apparently identical tablets. Additionally, all participants will be advised to maintain their normal diet and physical activities during the intervention. All measurements will be repeated at 3-month follow-up after the intervention with the primary outcome measure expressed as a change from baseline in insulin sensitivity and secretion. Secondary outcome measures will compare the changes in anthropometry, ankle-brachial index, and physical fitness factors. Data will be managed and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.DiscussionThis is the first study to conduct a randomized trial to clearly determine the independent and combined effects of vitamin D supplementation and endurance exercise trial on IR in Chinese T2DM patients as measured by OGTT. The findings from the proposed study will not only provide new evidences that vitamin D supplementation plays an important role in reducing IR but also develop a simple and efficient method to improve IR and associated metabolic diseases for T2DM patients.Trial registration﻿Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1800015383, Registered 28 March 2018, http://www.chictr.org.cn
Favorable Outcome in a Case of Von Balo’s Sclerosis Mimicking a Juvenile Stroke at the Onset A New Possible Role of Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast (Dsc) Perfusion-Weighted Imaging (PWI).
Authors: TRINCHILLO ASSUNTA , D'Amico Alessandra , Salvatore Elena 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We describe a juvenile stroke-like onset of Von Balò’s sclerosis, with a favorable outcome after 4 years of follow up, even if treatment’s protocols could not have been completed, because her low compliance. Following the patient with annual MRI imaging we surprisingly discovered associations between which was reported at a Perfusion-weighted Imaging (PWI) Dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC)-MRI executed after 9 days from the exordium and patient’s clinical residues. By describing the case we focus on a new way to use PWI-DSC in order not only to determine areas of Blood-Brain-Barrier active lesion but also to have information on patients’ prognosis and to guide neurologist in his therapeutical choices. PWI can’t substitute other MRI sequences, which describe, in that moment of execution, how many cerebral areas are involved in the process of demyelization, but PWI, surely, is an excellent sequence to integrate diagnosis and improve patients’ clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic follow up.
The Inhibition Mechanism of Emodin to the Core Protein of Aeromonas Hydrophila at the Molecular Level
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Liu Bo , Ge Xianping 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is a main pathogen and is of great harm in aquaculture, but the effective methods to inhibit it is not clear. This study reveals that emodin inhibits the activity of A. hydrophila through experimental methods. Further proteomics analysis showed that atpE was the core protein of the inhibition. To disclose how emodin affects the inhibition mechanism, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were carried out for A. hydrophila core protein binding with emodin. Comparing with these simulations of free atpE, this study uncovered that the inhibition of emodin involves emodin directly binding to core protein atpE with this simulations. The emodin engages with residues TYR10, ALA13, ALA14, MET17, LEU70 and TYR73 of atpE, which eventually leads to the inhibition of the activity of A. hydrophila. Additionally, this phenomenon was confirmed by the experimental results. The finding provides a novel insight for the study of the underlying mechanisms of emodin on antimicrobial activity of A. hydrophila at the molecular level.
A Zero-Trust Security Framework for Granular Insight on Blind Spot and Comprehensive Device Protection in the Enterprise of Internet of Things (E-IOT)
Authors: G Anil 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The adoption of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) is swiftly rising in almost every aspect of human life, and its operational hardware is generating massive data. Also, cloud computing is an inherent operational technology of IoT for handling massive data because it has sufficient capabilities to store, process, and access control to the data. This brings several benefits, such as organizations increasingly depend on IoT to develop a smart approach to improve operational efficiency, automate complex tasks and provide quality-aware experience to their customer and end-user. As the number of interlinked devices increases, cybercriminals continue to look for blind spots and vulnerable devices in the network. Therefore, this paper attempts to introduce a zero-trust security framework to bring granular insight into the network and design effective intrusion identification methods to provide comprehensive and sustainable protection against dynamic attacks. The proposed framework comprises two implementation design aspects. Firstly, network modeling is carried out for complete visibility based on the number of connected devices and their behavior with other network devices. In this phase, the entire network is segmented into regions based on the IoT device's location to minimize the attack surface. Also, a lightweight cryptography-based secure data transmission mechanism is carried out for reliable communication. Secondly, an efficient machine learning-based intrusion identification system is developed to perform real-time monitoring and attack detection. The simulation outcome indicates the effectiveness of the proposed system for secure communication, data transmission, and attack detection. The comparative analysis demonstrated that the proposed zero-trust security system achieves an average of 35% resource efficiency and a 99 % accuracy rate in attack detection.
The Treatment Effect of the Shanxi Comprehensive Reform Area Policy on PM2.5 Concentrations: A Study Based on a Quasi-Experiment
Authors: Zhang Rongxia , Xiang Baichuan , Li Wei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Based on panel data on 248 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2018, this study first estimates the treatment effect of the Shanxi Comprehensive Reform Area policy on PM 2.5 concentrations using a PSM-DID method. The empirical results show that, on average, the Shanxi Comprehensive Reform Area policy significantly increased the PM 2.5 concentrations of prefecture-level cities in Shanxi Province by 0.211% annually, and the place-based placebo test shows that the treatment effect obtained above is robust. Second, the dynamic effects show a continuous decrease in incremental effects during 2011–2018, gradually decreasing from a significant positive increment during 2011–2015 to a zero or even a negative increment during 2016–2018, indicating that the Shanxi Comprehensive Reform Area policy gradually increased in environmental friendliness. Third, the influencing mechanisms show that the Shanxi Comprehensive Reform Area policy influenced PM 2.5 concentrations by increasing the intensity of resource exploitation and decreasing the intensity of environmental regulations, but the capacity of scientific and technological innovations had no mediating effect on the relationship between the policy and PM 2.5 concentrations. Therefore, the government should further reduce the intensity of resource exploitation, strengthen the intensity of environmental regulations, and promote environmentally focused scientific and technological innovations to reduce PM 2.5 concentrations in Shanxi Province.
Predictors of birth satisfaction among Iranian postpartum women: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mortazavi Forough , Mehrabadi Maryam 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Childbirth dissatisfaction may reduce maternal tendency for subsequent pregnancies and increase maternal request for elective cesarean. This study aimed to investigate predictors of birth satisfaction in a sample of Iranian postpartum women. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 767 women in early postpartum using a convenience sampling method in 2019. Women’s demographic/obstetrical information were collected. Women completed three questionnaires including the World Health Organization-5 well-being Index (WHO-5 well-being Index), the Birth Satisfaction scale-R (BSS-R), and the Wijma Delivery-Expectancy/experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ) version B. We used univariate general linear model to investigate the relationships between independent variables and birth satisfaction scores. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine predictors of birth dissatisfaction. Results: The percentage of women who gave birth by elective cesarean, emergency cesarean, and vaginal birth were 13.2%, 19.06%, and 67.8%, respectively. Predictors of low birth satisfaction were primiparity, low level of well-being, low and moderate satisfaction with pregnancy, moderate satisfaction with spouse’s emotional/financial support, emergency cesarean, severe fear of childbirth, and long duration from admission to delivery. Women who had vaginal birth and were accompanied by a doula reported a higher level of birth satisfaction than those without a doula (p = 0.012). Women who had emergency cesarean accompanied by a doula reported a lower level of birth satisfaction than those without a doula (p = 0.045).Conclusions: Our results indicate that in order to promote birth satisfaction, specific interventions should be designed that enhance maternal well-being, reduce fear of childbirth, and promote spouse’s support. Also, revising and improving admission protocols in maternity hospitals and other measures that help women have a smooth and hassle-free pregnancy can promote birth satisfaction. Further studies should also be conducted in Iran to examine other significant social predictors of birth satisfaction such as interaction between midwives/physicians and patients and respectful attitude of staff members.
Fermi-level pinning-free WSe2 transistors via 2D van der Waals metal contacts and their complementary logic gate circuits
Authors: Jang Jisu , Ra Hyun-Soo , Ahn Jongtae , Kim Tae Wook , Song Seung Ho , Park Soohyung , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Lee Kimoon , Hwang Do Kyung 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Precise control over the polarity of transistors is a key necessity for the construction of complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor circuits. However, the polarity control of two-dimensional (2D) transistors remains a challenge because of Fermi-level pinning resulting from disorders at metal–semiconductor interfaces. Here, we propose a strategy for clean van der Waals contacts, wherein a metallic 2D material, chlorine-doped SnSe2 (Cl–SnSe2), is used as the contact to provide an interface that is free of defects and Fermi-level pinning. Such clean contacts created via van der Waals integration of a 2D metal possess nearly ideal Schottky barrier heights, thus permitting polarity-controllable transistors. With the integration of 2D metallic Cl–SnSe2 as contacts, WSe2 transistors exhibit pronounced p-type characteristics, which are distinctly different from those of the devices with evaporated metal contacts, where n-type transport is observed. Finally, this ability to control the polarity enables the fabrication of functional logic gates and circuits, including inverter, NAND, and NOR.
Apoptotic Investigation of Brain Tissue Cells in Dogs Naturally Infected by Canine Distemper Virus
Authors: Pan Yaoqian , Wang Shuai , Li Peng , Yue Feng , Zhang Yanfang , Pan Bo , Liu Xingyou 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Canine distemper caused by canine distemper virus that belongs to the Morbillivirus genus of the Paramyxoviridae family, is still a global epidemic significant infectious disease, especially in pet dogs in China and Seriously harm to the development of the dog industry. It has been known that Apoptosis caused by canine distemper virus can show in culture cells, lymphoid tissues and cerebellum. however, its occurrence in brain tissue cells remains unclear. In order to investigate the relationship among canine distemper infecting brain tissues, apoptosis in brain tissue cells and demyelinating pathogenesis this study was performed.
Methods
16 naturally infected dogs that exhibited clinical signs of CD and tested positive for anti-CDV monoclonal antibody, as well as on six healthy dogs that served as controls were used in the research. Brain specimens were divided into cerebrum, brain stem and cerebellum that was embedded in paraffin and made the sections respectively. Approximately 5 µm-thick sections were stained by haematoxylin–eosin, methyl green pyronin, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling technique and immunohistochemistry. CDV nucleocapsid protein was detected by immune streptavidin-biotinylated peroxidase complex.
Results
alterations in the brain tissues of CDV-infected dogs involved both various cells and nervous fibres. CDV had varying degrees of cytotropism to all brain tissue cells; apoptosis also occurred in all kind of cells in the brain, especially in the endothelia of cerebral vessels, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and ependymal cells, the heavier infection, the more obvious apoptosis. Serious infections also involved the pyramidal and Purkinje cells. The nervous fibres exhibited demyelinating lesions (showed small multifocal vacuole) as well as some neuron axonal atrophy and disappeared gradually (formed large vacuole).
Conclusions
Apoptosis in brain tissue cells was mainly related to the propagation path and cytotropism of CDV. The apoptosis of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and some neurons may play a significant role in the demyelinating pathogenesis in dogs with acute canine distemper. A lot of diverse nervous signs shown in clinic may be in relation to different neuron apoptosis.
Sonographic Risk Assessment for An Unplanned Operative Delivery: A Prospective Study
Authors: Perlman Sharon , Schreiber Hanoch , Kivilevitch Zvi , Bardin Ron , Kassif Eran , Achiron Reuven , Gilboa Yinon 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To assess the value of pre-labor maternal and fetal sonographic variables to predict an unplanned operative delivery.Methods: In this prospective study, nulliparous women were recruited at 37.0-42.0 weeks of gestation. Sonographic measurements included estimated fetal weight, maternal pubic arch angle, and the angle of progression. We performed a descriptive and comparative analysis between two outcome groups: spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD) and unplanned operative delivery (UOD) (vacuum-assisted, forceps-assisted and cesarean deliveries). Multivariate logistic regression with ROC analysis was used to create discriminatory models for UOD. Results: Among 234 patients in the study group, 175 had a spontaneous vaginal delivery and 59 an unplanned operative delivery. Maternal height and pubic arch angle (PAA) significantly correlated with UOD. Analysis of Maximum Likelihood Estimates revealed a multivariate model for the prediction of UOD, including the parameters of maternal age, maternal height, sonographic PAA, angle of progression (AOP), and estimated fetal weight, with an area under the curve of 0.7118. Conclusion: Sonographic parameters representing maternal pelvic configuration (PAA) and maternal-fetal interface (AOP) improve the prediction ability of pre-labor models for a UOD. These data may aid the obstetrician in the counseling process before delivery.
Cowpea Aphid Resistance In Cowpea Line CB77 Functions Primarily Through Antibiosis And Eliminates Phytotoxic Symptoms of Aphid Feeding
Authors: MacWilliams Jacob R. , Chesnais Quentin , Nabity Paul , Mauck Kerry , Kaloshian Isgouhi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is one of the most important crops in semiarid areas of the world, where it thrives in hot, dry conditions. While cowpea is able to withstand abiotic stresses, it suffers serious losses from biotic antagonists, including infestation by the cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora). Cowpea aphid infestations are highly destructive, especially on young plants. However, it is unclear whether cowpea aphid damage is the result of aphids having phytotoxic effects on their hosts, or simple density effects. To better understand cowpea aphid damage and the potential for resistance traits to mitigate aphid impacts, we evaluated phenotypic changes in cowpea in response to variable aphid densities and systemic versus local infestations. Low aphid densities induced leaf distortions and pseudogalling, suggesting that cowpea aphids are phytotoxic to cowpea. Resistance to the cowpea aphid has been previously identified in an African cowpea germplasm, and near isogenic lines (NILs) containing resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) were generated in the California blackeye cultivar background. Using a series of performance assays, we determined that resistance conferred by the two QTL counteracts aphid phytotoxicity and severely limits aphid growth and fecundity. Using choice assays, a preference by cowpea aphids for the susceptible NIL was observed. Electrical penetration graph analysis revealed that the resistance phenotype includes weak surface level deterrence and strong phloem based resistance that manifests during the sap ingestion phase. Our study provides evidence of phytotoxic traits in A. craccivora while identifying a viable means of counteracting aphid damage and reproductive potential through resistance.
Specific Interactions Between The Alkaline Protease of P. Aeruginosa And Its Natural Peptide Inhibitor: Ab Initio Molecular Simulations
Authors: Saito Ryosuke , Imai Kyohei , Yamamoto Shohei , Ezawa Takuya , Sugiyama Satoshi , Evenseth Linn Samira Mari , Sylte Ingebrigt , Kurita Noriyuki 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Alkaline protease aeruginolysin (APR) is an important virulence factor in the evasion of the immune system by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). The P. aeruginosa genome also encodes the highly potent and specific APR peptide inhibitor (APRin). However, the structural reason for the significant inhibition has not been revealed. Using ab initio molecular simulations, we here investigated the specific interactions between APR and APRin to elucidate which amino acid residues of APRin and APR contribute strongest to the inhibition. Since APR has a Zn ion at the ligand-binding site, and histidine and glutamic acid residues are coordinated with Zn, it is essential to precisely describe these coordination bonds to elucidate the specific interactions between APR and APRin. Therefore, we employed the ab initio fragment molecular orbital method to investigate the specific interactions at an electronic level. The results revealed that Ser1 and Ser2 at the N-terminal of APRin significantly contribute to the binding between APRin and APR. In particular, Ser1 binds strongly to Zn as well as to the sidechains of Hid176, Hid180, and Hid186 in APR. This is the main reason for the strong interaction between APR and APRin. The results also elucidated significant contributions of the positively charged Arg83 and Arg90 residues of APRin to the binding with APR. These findings may provide information useful for the design of novel small agents as potent APR inhibitors.
Evaluation of The Production of Second Generation Ethanol by Co-Culture of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae and Pachysolen Tannophilus Immobilized in Sodium Alginate.
Authors: Bertuci Marcello Lima , Silva Mariane Daniella da , Cano João Pedro , Cruz Crispin Humberto Garcia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The production of an alternative form of fuel that replaces fossil fuels has been increasingly studied due to the environmental impacts generated by its excessive use, as well as the depletion of these fossil energy sources. Ethanol obtained from the crushing of sugar cane has been used as a substitute for these fuels, mainly in the automotive area. However, alternative sources are being studied to produce the so called second generation bioethanol. This would avoid competition for food producing agricultural areas and agroindustrial waste is a great source for obtaining it. In general, these residues are not always completely reused and are disposed of inappropriately in the environment, becoming contaminants. Therefore, the use of agroindustrial waste can become a renewable source of energy, in addition to reducing environmental impacts. The objective of this work is to produce second generation bioethanol as an alternative to the one currently used, using the rice husk hydrolyzate by the consortium formed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pachysolen tannophilus . For this, an acid hydrolysis was performed with 2% sulfuric acid during 10 minutes of heating in an autoclave, after which the hydrolyzate was detoxified with the use of activated carbon. The crude and detoxified hydrolysates were used as a substrate for the fermentation medium with an initial concentration of 50 mg/mL of reducing sugars. The fermentation process with the use of both yeasts in the crude hydrolyzate medium, in the detoxified medium and in a synthetic medium composed of glucose, was carried out for 24 h, 30º C, 0 rpm and pH 6.5.The best results for the ethanol production of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the synthetic medium with 20.6 mg/mL. For the yeast Pachysolen tannophilus , its highest production was in a synthetic medium with 11.67 mg/mL. The intercropping of the two yeasts proved to be efficient with a greater ethanol production reaching 21.5 mg/mL, the hydrolyzed and detoxified media showed great potential for ethanol production both in intercropping and in monoculture