bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Types, Evidence, and Resources of Interventions Focused on Improving the Psychosocial Well-being of Parents of Premature/Sick Infants
Authors: Thomson Gill , Feeley Claire 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Parents of infants born premature and/or sick and who require neonatal care are at risk of poor mental health. Currently, there is no comprehensive knowledge about interventions (ie, types, evidence, resources) that have been exclusively designed to improve the psychosocial well-being of this population group.

Purpose:
To undertake a systematic scoping review of interventions focused on improving the psychosocial well-being of parents of sick/premature infants who required neonatal care to identify the (a) types of interventions, (b) evidence of the interventions, and (c) level of resources required to deliver the interventions.

Search Strategy:
e searched 7 databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Global Index), reviewed references, and followed up key authors.

Results:
From 10,516 hits, 38 articles met the inclusion criteria (36 different studies/interventions). Studies included creative oriented (n = 11), group/peer support (n = 4), relaxation/mindfulness (n = 3), spiritual/religious (n = 4), psychotherapeutic-based (n = 11), and “other” (n = 3) (eg, sleep, acupuncture). Most had been undertaken in high-income settings with mothers and required varying levels of resources within and between the different intervention types. While some interventions were effective, there was high heterogeneity with similar interventions using different designs, protocols, and outcomes. Most intervention types included studies that highlighted what parents valued (eg, self-care, relaxation, social opportunities).

Implications for Research:
Evidence highlights a wide range of potential interventions for nursing and other specialist staff to consider and offers insights into potential mechanisms of effectiveness to underpin future intervention design.
Is a Right Angle the Right Angle? Normal Coronal Radiographic Alignment in the Pediatric Finger Phalanges
Authors: Krueger Andrew , Qudsi Rameez , Eckstein Kendra , Cornwall Roger 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Quantifying pediatric phalanx fracture displacement requires understanding the normal radiographic alignment of pediatric phalanges, which has never been assessed in the coronal plane, although prior studies have assumed the articular surfaces and physes to be perpendicular to the diaphyses. This study tests the hypothesis that these relationships are not uniformly perpendicular and instead vary by digit and age.

Methods:
Normal hand bone age radiographs were retrospectively reviewed from 40 males and 40 females 2 to 18 years old. For each finger proximal phalanx (P1) and middle phalanx (P2), 2 raters each measured twice the angle between the diaphysis and distal articular surface (D-DA), diaphysis and physis (D-P, when physis present), and diaphysis and proximal articular surface (D-PA). Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability were calculated with intraclass correlation coefficients. 95% confidence intervals were calculated for each angle for each digit, phalanx, age group, and sex to determine which angles ~90 degrees. Variability among ages and sex was assessed with analysis of variance.

Results:
Intra-rater and inter-rater intraclass correlation coefficients were >0.90, except in P2 ∠D-DA in children under 8 years old with unossified P2 condyles. Overall, only 173 (47.8%) of 362 confidence intervals included 90 degrees. Three angles of the small finger (P1 ∠D-DA, P2 ∠D-P, P2 ∠D-PA) never ~90 degrees at any age or sex, with an average 10 degrees ulnar tilt of the small finger proximal interphalangeal joint. Of the 24 angles across digits and phalanges, 10 varied significantly with age, especially in the index and middle finger P1 where initially wedge-shaped epiphyses progressively became more symmetric with age.

Conclusions:
The coronal radiographic angles between the phalangeal diaphyses and articular surfaces or physes differ from 90 degrees more than half the time in pediatric fingers, and nearly half the angles vary by age. These findings demonstrate that the articular surfaces and physes of the pediatric finger phalanges are not uniformly perpendicular to the diaphyses, underscoring the need to consider the variability among digits, phalanges, ages and subjects.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Influence of Vascular Anatomy on the Radiologic Outcomes in Oblique Lateral Interbody Fusion at L5–S1
Authors: Chung Nam-Su , Lee Han-Dong , Chung Hee-Woong , Jeon Chang-Hoon 
Published: July 2021

Study Design:
This was a retrospective study.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the anatomy of the left common iliac vein (LCIV) affects the radiologic outcomes in oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF) at L5–S1.

Summary of Background Data:
Upward mobilization and retraction of the LCIV is an essential technique in OLIF at L5–S1. However, mobilization of the LCIV is sometimes difficult and may affect the surgical outcomes in OLIF at L5–S1.

Methods:
This study involved 52 consecutive patients who underwent OLIF at L5–S1 and had >1-year regular follow-up. The configuration of LCIV on preoperative axial magnetic resonance images of the lumbar spine was categorized into 3 types according to the difficulty of mobilization: type I (no requirement for mobilization), type II (potentially easy mobilization), and type III (potentially difficult mobilization). Radiologic parameters included anterior/posterior disk heights (ADH/PDH), disk angle (DA), cage migration, cage subsidence, cage position, and fusion rate at L5–S1. Intraoperative/perioperative events associated with OLIF at L5–S1 were reviewed. Radiologic outcomes among the LCIV types were compared.

Results:
There were 19 men and 33 women with a mean age of 62.8±9.7 years. The mean follow-up duration was 24.8±15.5 months. The LCIV anatomy was type I in 25 (48.1%) patients, type II in 14 (26.9%), and type III in 13 (25.0%). The mean ADH increased from 7.0±4.7 to 16.9±4.1 mm at the last follow-up (P<0.001), and the mean PDH increased from 2.7±1.7 to 4.9±1.6 mm (P<0.001). The mean DA increased from 5.4±5.4 to 16.9±6.5 degrees (P<0.001). There were no significant differences in ADH, PDH, and DA at the last follow-up among the LCIV types. Two (3.8%) major and 2 (3.8%) minor LCIV injuries were identified, all of which had a type III LCIV.

Conclusions:
OLIF at L5–S1 showed favorable radiologic outcomes regardless of the LCIV anatomy. However, type III LCIV patients had a high rate of intraoperative vascular injury.
Current treatment options for nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Eichenauer Dennis A. , Engert Andreas 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of review
Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) is a rare B cell-derived malignancy. This review aims at providing an overview of recent developments in the management of NLPHL.

Recent findings
Patients with stage IA NLPHL without risk factors have excellent outcomes. The 8-year progression-free survival (PFS) is roughly 90% and the 8-year overall survival (OS) close to 100% after limited-field radiotherapy (RT) alone. Individuals presenting with early stages other than stage IA without risk factors and intermediate stages have 10-year PFS rates in excess of 70% and 10-year OS rates exceeding 90% when treated with 2 and 4 cycles of ABVD, respectively, followed by consolidation RT. In advanced NLPHL, different protocols such as BEACOPP, ABVD, and R-CHOP have been evaluated retrospectively. However, the optimal approach is undefined. Patients with relapsed NLPHL mostly receive single-agent anti-CD20 antibody treatment or conventional chemotherapy. High-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation are restricted to high-risk patients. NLPHL recurrence is salvaged successfully in the majority of cases.

Summary
Patients with NLPHL have a very good prognosis. Treatment differs from classical Hodgkin lymphoma in some situations.
Lithium chloride prevents glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral heads and strengthens mesenchymal stem cell activity in rats
Authors: Zhang Yue-Lei , Zhu Zhen-Zhong , Zhang Le-Cheng , Wang Gang 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Accumulating evidence suggests that lithium influences mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. As decreased bone formation in femoral heads is induced by glucocorticoids (GCs), we hypothesized that lithium has a protective effect on GC-induced osteonecrosis of femoral heads (ONFH).

Methods:
A rat ONFH model was induced by methylprednisolone (MP) and the effect of lithium chloride on the models was evaluated. Micro-computed tomography (CT)-based angiography and bone scanning were performed to analyze the vessels and bone structure in the femoral heads. Hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining were performed to evaluate the trabecular structure and osteocalcin (OCN) expression, respectively. Bone marrow-derived MSCs were isolated from the models, and their proliferative and osteogenic ability was evaluated. Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed to detect osteogenic-related proteins including Runx2, alkaline phosphatase, and Collagen I.

Results:
Micro-CT analysis showed a high degree of osteonecrotic changes in the rats that received only MP injection. Treatment with lithium reduced this significantly in rats that received lithium (MP + Li group); while 18/20 of the femoral heads in the MP showed severe osteonecrosis, only 5/20 in the MP + Li showed mild osteonecrotic changes. The MP + Li group also displayed a higher vessel volume than the MP group (0.2193 mm3
vs. 0.0811 mm3, P < 0.05), shown by micro-CT-based angiography. Furthermore, histological analysis showed better trabecular structures and more OCN expression in the femoral heads of the MP + Li group compared with the MP group. The ex vivo investigation indicated higher proliferative and osteogenic ability and upregulated osteogenic-related proteins in MSCs extracted from rats in the MP + Li group than that in the MP group.

Conclusions:
We concluded that lithium chloride has a significant protective effect on GC-induced ONFH in rats and that lithium also enhances MSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in rats after GC administration.
Simultaneous Measurement of 11 Antibiotics for Use in the Intensive Care Unit by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Woksepp Hanna , Karlsson Louise , Ärlemalm Andreas , Hällgren Anita , Schön Thomas , Carlsson Björn 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Recent studies indicate that a high proportion of patients in the intensive care unit fail to attain adequate antibiotic levels. Thus, there is a need to monitor the antibiotic concentration to ensure effective treatment. In this article, the authors aimed to develop an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous quantification of antimicrobials to assess individualized therapeutic drug monitoring.

Methods:
A UHPLC-MS/MS method with 11 antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, benzylpenicillin, levofloxacin, linezolid, rifampicin, meropenem, cloxacillin, cefotaxime, clindamycin, and piperacillin) was developed. Chromatographic separation was performed using a Kinetex Biphenyl reversed-phase column, with gradient elution using 0.1% formic acid and methanol with 0.1% formic acid. Sample preparation was performed using methanol protein precipitation. The total run time was 5 minutes.

Results:
For all analytes, the interassay inaccuracies for calibrators were ≤5%. The interday inaccuracies for the quality controls (QCs) were ≤5% for all analytes. The interassay precision for calibration standards ranged between 1.42% and 6.11%. The interassay imprecision for QCs of all antibiotics and concentrations ranged between 3.60% and 16.1%. Interassay inaccuracy and imprecision for the QCs and calibration standards were ≤15% for all drugs, except benzylpenicillin.

Conclusions:
A rapid UHPLC-MS/MS method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of 11 different antibiotics. Minimal sample preparation was required to ensure a rapid turnaround time. The method was applied to clinical samples collected from 4 intensive care units.
Dose Assessment for Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials Disposal in Landfills
Authors: Caffrey Emily A. , Rood Arthur S. , Grogan Helen A. , Till John E. , Herman Kurt 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive material (TENORM) is gaining notoriety in the public sector, as the oil and gas industry looks for disposal locations for its slightly radioactive waste streams. Due in part to both the lack of federal regulations on the disposal of TENORM and the lack of permitted landfills that are designated for TENORM waste, occasionally it ends up being unknowingly placed in municipal landfills. It was alleged that a municipal landfill in Kentucky accepted 1.05 × 106 kg of TENORM over approximately 8 mo starting in July 2015. This matter is still in litigation, and many facts, including whether the material in question actually constituted TENORM, are still in dispute. The authors had no means available to independently verify the actual composition of the material. Therefore, for purposes of this article only, we assume that the material in question did constitute TENORM. This qualification allows us to evaluate potential doses while respecting the litigation process. Doses from the disposals and for two remediation alternatives, (1) closure-in-place and monitoring and (2) excavation and redisposition of waste, were evaluated, taking into consideration the landfill construction, local geology and hydrology, meteorology, background radiation, population distribution, and current and future land uses. This study outlines appropriate methods for calculating doses to potential receptors for a variety of exposure pathways that are broadly applicable to municipal or chemical/hazardous waste landfills. As this study demonstrates, doses to landfill workers and members of the public are low, both during the disposal and for the remediation alternatives evaluated, and well below regulatory limits. Removal of the materials does not reduce present day doses, and it presents other risks that outweigh any benefit from the long-term dose reduction.
Estimated Prevalence of Keratoconus in the United States From a Large Vision Insurance Database
Authors: Munir Saleha Z. , Munir Wuqaas M. , Albrecht Jennifer 
Published: July 2021

Purpose:
To estimate the prevalence of keratoconus in the United States using a large vision insurance database.

Methods:
We used data from the 2016 vision service plan (VSP) Global claims database to estimate the prevalence of keratoconus among enrollees by state. The VSP Global database includes cross-sectional de-identified claims data summarized by state of residence in predefined age and gender groups. Crude values of prevalence of keratoconus are provided in the VSP Global database. The open-source software package qGIS version 3.12 was used as the geographic information system for geospatial analysis.

Results:
The prevalence of keratoconus among VSP enrollees in the United States was estimated to be 0.15% with 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.15%, 0.15%). The prevalence of keratoconus was highest in Western states and among male population. The highest prevalence of keratoconus was in Colorado (0.51%; 95% CI 0.49%–0.52%), with particularly high prevalence for men in the age groups 18 to 39 years (0.90%; 95% CI 0.84%–0.95%) and 40 to 64 years (0.90%; 95% CI 0.85%–0.95%).

Conclusion:
The average prevalence of keratoconus in the United States in 2016 may be higher than previously reported. Living in Western states and male sex were associated with high prevalence.
Voluntary exercise blocks ongoing pain and diminishes bone remodeling while sparing protective mechanical pain in a rat model of advanced osteoarthritis pain
Authors: Townsend Kaylee , Imbert Ian , Eaton Victoria , Stevenson Glenn W. , King Tamara 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Exercise is the most common treatment recommended by healthcare providers for the treatment of musculoskeletal pain. We examined whether voluntary running wheel exercise improves pain and bone remodeling in rats with monosodium iodoacetate–induced unilateral knee joint pain. During acquisition of wheel running before osteoarthritis (OA) treatment, rats separated into 2 groups characterized by either high or low levels of voluntary wheel running as indicated by distance and peak speed. After the induction of knee joint OA, all rats showed diminished voluntary wheel running throughout the study. Voluntary wheel running failed to alter evoked nociceptive responses evaluated as weight asymmetry or hind paw tactile thresholds at any timepoint of the study. By contrast, relief of ongoing pain was demonstrated by conditioned place preference produced by lidocaine injection into the monosodium iodoacetate–treated knee in high but not low-running rats. Both high and low voluntary runners showed diminished trabecular bone loss compared with sedentary controls. These observations indicate that both high-intensity and low-intensity exercise is beneficial in protecting against bone remodeling in advanced OA. The data suggest that similar to clinical observation, bone remodeling does not correlate with pain. In addition, these results suggest that higher intensity exercise may relieve persistent ongoing OA pain while maintaining movement-evoked nociception. The relief of ongoing pain can potentially offer significant improvement in quality of life, whereas preservation of responses to movement-evoked pain may be especially important in protecting the joint from damage because of overuse.
Impact of Level of Pediatric Amputation on Selection of Prosthetic Component Options
Authors: Nemade Amit , Miller Freeman , Thacker Mihir , Oleas-Santillan Geovanny , Rogers Kenneth J. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Amputation is one of the oldest surgeries known to the human race. The principles of amputation in children are different than in adults. Common indications for amputation include congenital, traumatic, infection, malignancy, vascular, and other pathology. Improper prosthetic fitting or inability to use the most modern available prosthesis can lead to dissatisfaction and compromised high-level function. The aim of this study was to assess residual limbs for compatibility to fit the most modern prosthetic components.

Methods
This study is a retrospective review of medical records of patients who underwent amputation between the pelvis and midfoot before 18 years of age. Age, sex, etiology, and level of amputation were recorded. A senior certified prosthetist graded the limbs based on limitations the residual limb imposed on options for the highest functioning modern prosthetic components.

Results
Sixty-one patients were identified (35 male, 26 female) with a mean age at assessment of 17.35 years (range, 1.86–35.35 years). Congenital causes and tumors were the most common etiology. Amputations around the ankle were most common (25), followed by transtibial (20). There were 59% grade 1 limbs with no restrictions to component options, 28% grade 2 with moderate restrictions, and 13% grade 3 or severely limited component options due to the residual limb. Most grade 1 residual limbs were transtibial or proximal. Amputations distal to transtibial were of all grades.

Conclusions
The choices for optimal high-level prosthetic components are much less limited for transtibial amputation than more distal amputations leading to potentially less high-level prosthetic function. Managing the residual limb length and prosthetic fitting ability is an important element in pediatric amputations if the goal is to fit mature young adults with the highest functioning level prosthetic components.
Plasma Cell Vulvitis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Krapf Jill M. , Cavallo Kathryn , Saleeb Monica , Goldstein Andrew T. 
Published: July 2021

Objective
This systematic review aimed to present the available literature on plasma cell vulvitis (PCV), a relatively uncommon form of inflammatory vulvovaginal dermatitis.

Materials and Methods
A literature search was performed in PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar using the following key words: “plasma cell vulvitis,” “Zoon vulvitis,” and “vulvitis circumscripta plasmacellularis.” Specific variables were assessed in each article, including patient age, menopausal status, comorbidities, presenting symptoms, symptom duration, histological description, treatment, and treatment response.

Results
Thirty-nine articles met inclusion criteria, including 38 case reports and 1 observational study, with a total of 96 cases of PCV reported. The mean age of diagnosis was 52.9 years, with an age range of 8–76 years. Most common presenting symptoms included pruritis and vaginal discomfort, with average duration of symptoms 28.2 months (range = 2 months to 10 years). All reports demonstrated subepithelial plasma cell infiltrate on histology. Five percent of PCV cases reported concomitant autoimmune conditions and 6% sexually transmitted infections. Most common treatment modalities included topical corticosteroids (n = 41), tacrolimus (n = 6), and imiquimod (n = 6). In 53 reported outcomes, 88.7% of patients had resolution of symptoms with treatment.

Conclusions
Clinical research is needed to better determine the diagnostic criteria and to assess the efficacy of treatment options for PCV.
Influence of Cochlear Implant Use on Perceived Listening Effort in Adult and Pediatric Cases of Unilateral and Asymmetric Hearing Loss
Authors: Lopez Erin M. , Dillon Margaret T. , Park Lisa R. , Rooth Meredith A. , Richter Margaret E. , Thompson Nicholas J. , O’Connell Brendan P. , Pillsbury Harold C. , Brown Kevin D. 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
Assess the influence of cochlear implant (CI) use on the perceived listening effort of adult and pediatric subjects with unilateral hearing loss (UHL) or asymmetric hearing loss (AHL).

Study design:
Prospective cohort.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
Adults and children with UHL or AHL.

Intervention:
Cochlear implantation. Subjects received their CI as part of a clinical trial assessing the effectiveness of cochlear implantation in cases of UHL and AHL.

Main outcome measures:
Responses to the Listening Effort pragmatic subscale on the Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ) or SSQ for Children with Impaired Hearing (SSQ-C) were compared over the study period. Subjects or their parents completed the questionnaires preoperatively and at predetermined postactivation intervals. For the adult subjects, responses were compared to word recognition in quiet and sentence recognition in noise.

Results:
Forty adult subjects (n = 20 UHL, n = 20 AHL) and 16 pediatric subjects with UHL enrolled and underwent cochlear implantation. Subjects in all three groups reported a significant reduction in perceived listening effort within the initial months of CI use (p < 0.001; η
2 ≥ 0.351). The perceived benefit was significantly correlated with speech recognition in noise for the adult subjects with UHL at the 12-month interval (r
(20) = .59, p = 0.006).

Conclusions:
Adult and pediatric CI recipients with UHL or AHL report a reduction in listening effort with CI use as compared to their preoperative experiences. Use of the SSQ and SSQ-C Listening Effort pragmatic subscale may provide additional information about a CI recipient's experience beyond the abilities measured in the sound booth.