bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bias in comparisons of mortality among very preterm births: A cohort study
Authors: Boutin Amélie , Lisonkova Sarka , Muraca Giulia M. , Razaz Neda , Liu Shiliang , Kramer Michael S. , Joseph K. S. 
Published: June 2021

Background
Several studies of prenatal determinants and neonatal morbidity and mortality among very preterm births have resulted in unexpected and paradoxical findings. We aimed to compare perinatal death rates among cohorts of very preterm births (24–31 weeks) with rates among all births in these groups (≥24 weeks), using births-based and fetuses-at-risk formulations.

Methods
We conducted a cohort study of singleton live births and stillbirths ≥24 weeks’ gestation using population-based data from the United States and Canada (2006–2015). We contrasted rates of perinatal death between women with or without hypertensive disorders, between maternal races, and between births in Canada vs the United States.

Results
Births-based perinatal death rates at 24–31 weeks were lower among hypertensive than among non-hypertensive women (rate ratio [RR] 0.67, 95% CI 0.65–0.68), among Black mothers compared with White mothers (RR 0.94, 95%CI 0.92–0.95) and among births in the United States compared with Canada (RR 0.74, 95%CI 0.71–0.75).
However, overall (≥24 weeks) perinatal death rates were higher among births to hypertensive vs non-hypertensive women (RR 2.14, 95%CI 2.10–2.17), Black vs White mothers (RR 1.86, 95%CI 184–1.88;) and births in the United States vs Canada (RR 1.08, 95%CI 1.05–1.10), as were perinatal death rates based on fetuses-at-risk at 24–31 weeks (RR for hypertensive disorders: 2.58, 95%CI 2.53–2.63; RR for Black vs White ethnicity: 2.29, 95%CI 2.25–2.32; RR for United States vs Canada: 1.27, 95%CI 1.22–1.30).

Conclusion
Studies of prenatal risk factors and between-centre or between-country comparisons of perinatal mortality bias causal inferences when restricted to truncated cohorts of very preterm births.
The impact of the SARS-COV2 infection on the disorder of consciousness rehabilitation unit
Authors: Marino Silvia , Ciurleo Rosella , Todaro Antonino , Alagna Antonella , Logiudice Anna Lisa , Corallo Francesco , Formica Caterina , Rifici Carmela , Pollicino Patrizia , Caminiti Fabrizia , Morini Elisabetta , Bramanti Placido 
Published: June 2021

Background and objective
Disorders of consciousness include coma (cannot be aroused, eye remain closed), vegetative state—VS (can appear to be awake, but unable to purposefully interact) and minimally conscious state—MCS (minimal but definite awareness). The objective of this study is to assess the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 infection on the Disorder of Consciousness (DOC) Rehabilitation Unit.

Methods
This is a retrospective, longitudinal, descriptive, observational, pilot study. We consecutively enrolled 18 patients (age range: 40–72 years, 9 females and 9 males), from three to five months after a brain injury. They were grouped into VS (n = 8) and MCS (n = 10). A confirmed case of COVID-19 was defined as a positive result on high-throughput sequencing or real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of throat swab specimens. We collected data of lung Computed Tomography (CT) and laboratory exams. DOC patients who were positive for SARS-CoV-2 were classified into severe and no severe infected group, according to the American Thoracic Society guidelines.

Results
A total of 18 hospitalized patients with (16) and without confirmed (2) SARS-CoV-2 infection were included in the analysis. After one month, a follow-up clinical evaluation reported that one patient died, one patient was transferred from Covid Unit to Emergency Unit and 3 patients were resulted negative to double swab and they returned to Rehabilitative Unit. Significant differences were reported about hypertension, cardiac disease and respiratory problems between the patients with severe infection and patients without severe infection (P< 0.001). The laboratory findings, such as blood cell counts (P < 0.001), C-reactive protein, D-dimer, potassium and vitamin D levels, seemed to be considered as useful prognostic predictors.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first longitudinal study on a sample of chronic DOC patients affected by SARS-CoV-2. This study may offer important new clinical information on COVID-19 for management of DOC patients. Our findings showed that for the subjects with severe infection due to COVID-19, rapid clinical deterioration or worsening could be associated with clinical and laboratory findings, which could contribute to high mortality rate. During the COVID-19 epidemic period, the clinicians should consider all the reported risk factors to avoid delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis and to prevent the infection transmission in DOC Rehabilitation Unit.
Development of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance in people with HIV infection: Prevalence, incidence and associated factors
Authors: Bratt Göran , Brännström Johanna , Missalidis Catharina , Nyström Thomas 
Published: June 2021

Background
Diabetes and insulin resistance is an emerging issue in people with HIV. HIV-related mortality and morbidities have decreased markedly over the last few decades, while co-morbidities including type 2 diabetes (T2D) have increased.

Setting
This study investigated the incidence of T2D and insulin resistance in a cohort of HIV-patients on effective treatment.

Methods
Prevalence and baseline predictors of T2D were assessed in a cohort of 570 HIV-positive patients 50 years or older. Patients without diabetes (n = 505) were followed prospectively over a median period of 7.25 year (2012–2020) until T2D development, death or end of the study. T2D was defined as repeated fasting glucose values ≥7.0 mmol/L. Insulin resistance was defined as HOMA-IR ≥3.0. Predictors of T2D development (HIV-related parameters, lipids, hypertension, central obesity, inflammation, smoking and use of statins) were assessed using logistic regression analysis.

Results
30% (153/505) had insulin resistance. During follow up (3485 patient-years) 9% (43/505) developed T2D and 7% (36/505) insulin resistance. Thus, at follow up the prevalence of either T2D or insulin resistance was 46% (232/505). T2D incidence was 1.2/100 patient-years. In multivariate analysis, after adjustment for age, T2D development was associated with baseline insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, central obesity and statin treatment, but no HIV-related factors.

Conclusion
The incidence of T2D in this cohort of patients with well controlled HIV-infection was high. The predictive factors associated with the development of T2D were not unique for HIV positive patients. The findings underline the importance of lifestyle changes in avoidance of T2D in people with HIV.
A relevância da interpretação para a experiência turística em áreas protegidas: proposta de valorização para a Serra da Lousã
Authors: Tomás Paulo Manuel Carvalho , Alves Luiz 
Published: June 2021

A interpretação ocupa um lugar cada vez mais importante no processo de mediação entre o património e a sociedade tendo em vista a partilha de informação relevante sobre o contexto geográfico, o desenvolvimento de atitudes de apreciação face aos recursos patrimoniais e a vivência de experiências turísticas singulares no território.
No caso das áreas protegidas de Portugal, mais de três dezenas de estruturas gravitam em torno do conceito de centro de interpretação, com o propósito de acolher visitantes; disponibilizar informação e conhecimento sobre as características dessas áreas; proporcionar um conjunto alargado de atividades, designadamente as de educação ambiental; e constituir o ponto de partida para a descoberta e fruição do território.
É neste contexto que situamos o projeto “Lousã: Feel & Live Nature Tourism in Mountain” (elaborado pelos autores, em meados de 2019) com o propósito de explicitarmos a relevância da interpretação para a experiência turística na Serra da Lousã (Rede Natura 2000).
Effects of Faculty and Staff Connectedness on Student Self-Efficacy
Authors: Ferguson Shaundawna Nicole 
Published: June 2021

Student self-efficacy is an important part of determining a student’s ability to perform well in school. This research study is a mixed-method approach to determining whether student self-efficacy is impacted by the relationships students have with faculty and staff on a college campus. Previous research indicates that student success is related to environment as well as self-efficacy. Using a grounded theory approach, this research extrapolates what factors matter most to student success. The study shows quantitatively that student self-efficacy improves with age. Students indicated factors contributing to their success include better training of faculty and staff, better support of the school environment, and that faculty are more supportive than staff in most instances. These findings indicate that more research should be conducted on roles of staff and how they contribute to higher learning, as well as what resources could be put into place to better support students.
Keywords: self-efficacy, connectedness, college relationships, interactions, faculty, staff
Facilitating Faculty Getting Started in SoTL
Authors: Dewar Jacqueline M , Perkins Kathleen 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT: SoTL has been embraced as a viable approach to professional development for higher education faculty. Workshops and programs of various types and lengths have offered guidance and provided mentorship for SoTL novices. Many books, manuals, and websites describe how to undertake a SoTL investigation, but far fewer sources of advice exist for those assisting faculty beginning in SoTL. In this article, two Carnegie scholars reflect on their experiences and lessons learned helping others join the SoTL community. They discuss common characteristics of the new scholars they encountered and the types of assistance, both intellectual and institutional, that the scholars needed. They offer advice and suggest resources for working with new SoTL scholars and describe some of the benefits that accrue from this work.
Zur Theorie und Anwendung der Flachheit nichtlinearer zeitdiskreter Systeme in Zustandsdarstellung
Authors: Kolar Bernd , Diwold Johannes , Schöberl Markus 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über Theorie und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten des Konzepts der Flachheit für nichtlineare zeitdiskrete Systeme. Anstatt von Zeitableitungen der Systemgrößen kann ein flacher Ausgang im zeitdiskreten Fall von deren zukünftigen und vergangenen Werten abhängen. Für den in der Literatur meistens betrachteten – und für zahlreiche praktische Anwendungen relevanten – Fall der Vorwärts-Flachheit, bei dem man sich auf aktuelle und zukünftige Werte einschränkt, geben wir eine vollständige geometrische Charakterisierung an. Damit ist es möglich, die Vorwärts-Flachheit eines Systems rechentechnisch effizient und analog zum bekannten Test für Eingangs-Zustands-Linearisierbarkeit zu beurteilen. Als Anwendungsbeispiel betrachten wir die exakte Diskretisierung eines mobilen Roboters.
Stabilisierung flacher Systeme in vorgebbarer endlicher Zeit
Authors: Irscheid Abdurrahman , Bleymehl Sonja , Rudolph Joachim 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Es wird ein systematischer Zugang zur Stabilisierung in vorgebbarer endlicher Zeit, basierend auf einer Zeittransformation, vorgestellt. Mittels Eigenwertvorgabe in der transformierten Zeit wird eine Klasse linearer zeitvarianter Differentialgleichungen hergeleitet, deren allgemeine Lösung in a priori bekannter endlicher Zeit gegen Null konvergiert. Zudem ermöglicht dieser Zugang die explizite Bestimmung der allgemeinen Lösung. Darauf aufbauend nutzen flachheitsbasierte Folgeregler in vorgebbarer endlicher Zeit stabile Systeme als Zieldynamiken. Die Stellgrößen bleiben dabei stets beschränkt und erfüllen Glattheitsanforderungen. Eine inhärente Robustheit gegenüber Modellunbestimmtheiten wird gezeigt.
Sino–German Computational and Applied Mathematics
Authors: Braack Malte , Gallistl Dietmar , Hu Jun , Kanschat Guido , Xu Xuejun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This short article serves as an epilog of the thirteen preceding papers in this special issue of CMAM.
All contributions are authored by participants of the 7th Sino–German Workshop on Computational and Applied Mathematics
at the Kiel University.
The topics cover fourth-order problems,
solvers and multilevel methods,
a posteriori error control and adaptivity,
and data science.
Structural insights into the repair mechanism of AGT for methyl-induced DNA damage
Authors: Koirala Rajendra P. , Pokhrel Rudramani , Baral Prabin , Tiwari Purushottam B. , Chapagain Prem P. , Adhikari Narayan P. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Methylation induced DNA base-pairing damage is one of the major causes of cancer. O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) is considered a demethylation agent of the methylated DNA. Structural investigations with thermodynamic properties of the AGT-DNA complex are still lacking. In this report, we modeled two catalytic states of AGT-DNA interactions and an AGT-DNA covalent complex and explored structural features using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We utilized the umbrella sampling method to investigate the changes in the free energy of the interactions in two different AGT-DNA catalytic states, one with methylated GUA in DNA and the other with methylated CYS145 in AGT. These non-covalent complexes represent the pre- and post-repair complexes. Therefore, our study encompasses the process of recognition, complex formation, and separation of the AGT and the damaged (methylated) DNA base. We believe that the use of parameters for the amino acid and nucleotide modifications and for the protein-DNA covalent bond will allow investigations of the DNA repair mechanism as well as the exploration of cancer therapeutics targeting the AGT-DNA complexes at various functional states as well as explorations via stabilization of the complex.
Stability results for weak solutions to backward one-dimensional semi-linear parabolic equations with locally Lipschitz source
Authors: Hào Dinh Nho , Van Duc Nguyen , Oanh Nguyen Thi Ngoc 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Stability estimates of Hölder type for weak solutions to backward one-dimensional semi-linear parabolic equations with
locally Lipschitz source are obtained. It is noticed that stability results for weak solutions to nonlinear inverse problems are very rare in the literature.
Should prenatal screening be seen as ‘selective reproduction’? Four reasons to reframe the ethical debate
Authors: Rehmann-Sutter Christoph 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
There are a number of problems with the classification of prenatal screening as a form of ‘selective reproduction’ that has become an increasingly dominant classification scheme in the last decade. (1) Since the term ‘selection’ implies choosing one out of several (at least two), it misdescribes the decision to terminate a pregnancy. (2) Deciding whether to have this child is a decision taken within the relationships that constitute the pregnancy. (3) ‘Selection’ is a loaded term, connecting prenatal diagnosis to negative eugenics or to population genetics. (4) Deciding against the birth of a child who would suffer or would not be able to flourish is a decision taken within a negotiation of personal responsibilities and social constraints. The characterization of prenatal screening as selective reproduction is, in a very narrow way, defensible to reconstruct why prenatal screening is permissible in a liberal state and should not be banned, but it needs to be rejected as a general frame for understanding the substance of the ethical issues around prenatal diagnosis and screening. Ethics should rather attempt to create a respectful space of mutual understandings and reflect how women and couples, who are ultimately responsible for these decisions, perceive their responsibilities in care.
Rare paratesticular aggressive angiomyxoma mimicking an epididymal tumor in an 82-year-old man: Case report
Authors: Chen Chi-Fang , Wang Tao-Yeuan , Chen Marcelo , Lin Yung-Chieh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aggressive angiomyxoma (AAM) is a rare mesenchymal myxoid tumor, and most cases occur in the pelvic region or perineum of adult females. AAM is very rare in males. Most of these cases have been diagnosed in patients aged 30–60 years, and the tumors involved the pelvic cavity, scrotum, or spermatic cord. AAM can mimic inguinal hernia, hydrocele, or paratesticular neoplasm. Four male cases have been reported with paratesticular AAM mimicking a testicular/epididymal tumor, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the oldest patient in the literature. Because of its rarity, making an exact diagnosis before surgery is difficult. Herein, we present a case of AAM in an 82-year-old man and review the literature.
Placebo is Magic or Magic is Placebo? The Greco-Roman Iatromagical Texts
Authors: Chronopoulou Eleni 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMany of the numerous magical recipes and spells from the Greco-Roman world aim to heal or protect the practitioner. The text, however, show great diversity and heterogeneity and many of them seem to be an elaborate amalgam of different religious influences, analogies, and interactions. This variety can, among other things, play into certain aspects of the placebo effect. Here, I present a systematic categorization of Greco-Roman amulets according to physical support, format, chronology, and purpose, which together with a study of their terminology may point towards different placebo effects. Then, I examine their social context and describe the resources and themodus operandiof the magical healing, which will have further strengthened the effect of these amulets. Their reliance on cultural resources and tropes points especially towards conditioning and learned responses.
The vocabulary of care and healing in the Greek private letters of Byzantine Egypt
Authors: Ricciardetto Antonio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAmid the corpus of Greek papyri discovered in the sands of Egypt, some fifty letters dated from the end of the 3rdcentury CE to the 7thcentury refer to a disease which afflicts an animal or a private individual – either the sender or the recipient of the letter, or to a third party. Seventeen of these also provide details on care and healing. How do these seventeen letters, which ostensibly do not derive from the medical world, describe the evolution of a disease, and especially its outcome when it is fortunate for the sick person? What are the healing strategies implemented by these individuals? These are the questions that I try to answer, while emphasising the contribution of these documents to the history of health and disease in Byzantine Egypt.
Die Wegbereiter
Authors: Günzel Martin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Die Beteiligung Großbritanniens am 2003 begonnenen Irakkrieg gehört zu den kontroversesten Ereignissen der jüngeren britischen Zeitgeschichte und hat die Bewertung der Amtszeit des damaligen Premierministers Tony Blair nachhaltig geprägt. Die Frage, aus welchen Gründen und mit welchen Zielen sich die britische Regierung seinerzeit für einen Kurs der dezidierten Unterstützung des von den USA initiierten Kriegs entschied, konnte bislang nicht eindeutig geklärt werden. Die nunmehr zugänglichen Quellen zeigen, dass man sich in London bereits sehr früh auf eine Kriegsteilnahme festlegte und die Öffentlichkeit über die Motive täuschte. Die Art und Weise, wie der Krieg letztlich diplomatisch durchgesetzt und öffentlich begründet wurde, hat die Sicht darauf maßgeblicher geprägt als lange angenommen.
Widersprüche eines Modus Vivendi
Authors: Gahn Philipp 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Die Monate von November 1936 bis Januar 1937 waren für Michael von Faulhaber eine Zeit größter Anspannung. Empfangen wie eine Art Primas des deutschen Episkopats traf er Hitler auf dem Obersalzberg, zu einem „letzten Versuch“ einer Verständigung zwischen Staat und Kirche. Im Januar weilte er zu Beratungen in Rom, aus denen sein Textentwurf zur Enzyklika „Mit brennender Sorge“ hervorging. Dazwischen lagen hektische Wochen, in denen er eine Doppelstrategie verfolgte: Vorbehaltlos bis zur Selbstverleugnung blieb er verhandlungsbereit, während er andererseits den offenen Protest nicht scheute. Die hier präsentierten Dokumente belegen die Illusion, unter der dieses Vorgehen stand, so dass sogar sein Beitrag zur Enzyklika in einem anderen Licht erscheint.
La complejidad dialectal de Cantabria
Authors: Peña Arce Jaime 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this article, the dialectal complexity of Cantabrian Spanish is shown through the traces left by the different stages of the yeísmo variation and change process, for which —for the first time— a systematic analysis is proposed. These linguistic varieties, which are part of the dialectal continuum that stretches across northern Spain, have a clear Leonese base, which has been altered by the incorporation of Castilian features, both dialectal and standard. The evolution of yeísmo in the region is a clear example of this trend.
The Formin Fmn2b Is Required for the Development of an Excitatory Interneuron Module in the Zebrafish Acoustic Startle Circuit
Authors: Nagar Dhriti , James Tomin K. , Mishra Ratnakar , Guha Shrobona , Burgess Shawn M. , Ghose Aurnab 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe formin family member Fmn2 is a neuronally enriched cytoskeletal remodeling protein conserved across vertebrates. Recent studies have implicated Fmn2 in neurodevelopmental disorders, including sensory processing dysfunction and intellectual disability in humans. Cellular characterization of Fmn2 in primary neuronal cultures has identified its function in the regulation of cell-substrate adhesion and consequently growth cone translocation. However, the role of Fmn2 in the development of neural circuitsin vivo, and its impact on associated behaviors have not been tested. Using automated analysis of behavior and systematic investigation of the associated circuitry, we uncover the role of Fmn2b in zebrafish neural circuit development. As reported in other vertebrates, the zebrafish ortholog of Fmn2 is also enriched in the developing zebrafish nervous system. We find that Fmn2b is required for the development of an excitatory interneuron pathway, the spiral fiber neuron, which is an essential circuit component in the regulation of the Mauthner cell (M-cell)-mediated acoustic startle response. Consistent with the loss of the spiral fiber neurons tracts, high-speed video recording revealed a reduction in the short latency escape events while responsiveness to the stimuli was unaffected. Taken together, this study provides evidence for a circuit-specific requirement of Fmn2b in eliciting an essential behavior in zebrafish. Our findings underscore the importance of Fmn2 in neural development across vertebrate lineages and highlight zebrafish models in understanding neurodevelopmental disorders.