bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-classifier Combined Anomaly Detection Algorithm Based On Feature Map In Underground Coal Mine
Authors: Fu Yan , Cui Zemin , Ye Ou 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The detection of abnormal activities in deep learning is of great significance for preventing the occurrence of abnormal disasters in mine production. As the underground scenes of coal mines are characterized by much noise and uneven light, the traditional manual feature extraction method has little obvious effect in the underground and low accuracy of anomaly detection. To solve the above problems, a feature extraction method combining CNN+LSTM is proposed. Secondly, the obtained features are matched by graph structure. Finally, multiple classifiers are used to classify the features before and after matching. In this paper, experiments are carried out in coal mine dataset and UCSDped1 dataset respectively, and comparisons are made with some classical algorithms. Experimental show that the algorithm achieves high recognition accuracy in different abnormal event datasets.
Prediction of Submarine Pipeline Corrosion Based on the Improved Grey Prediction Model
Authors: Gao Jianfeng , Hao Bin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
To predict the degree of corrosion and remaining life of submarine pipelines more accurately, and to prevent pipeline leakage accidents caused by the pipeline corrosion in advance, an improved grey model that applies appropriate translation and sine transformation to the original series was established. And the initial value of the time-corresponding function was optimized when the model was solved. Compared with the two grey models mentioned in the paper, the accuracy of the improved grey model has been improved, and the stability of the model was better. The result shows that the prediction result of the improved grey model is closer to the measured value.
The design of Optical Stochastic Cooling for IOTA
Authors: Lebedev V. , Jarvis J. , Piekarz H. , Romanov A. , Ruan J. , Andorf M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The paper presents a journal version of the Design Report on
the Optical Stochastic Cooling experiment to be carried out at IOTA
ring in Fermilab later this year. It discusses the theory which
experiment is based on, beam parameters, major requirements to the
storage ring systems and technical details of the experiment
implementation.
Embedding stakeholders’ priorities into the low-emission development of the East African dairy sector
Authors: Yesuf Gabriel U , Schoneveld George C , Zijlstra Mink , Hawkins James , Kihoro Esther M , Vernooij Vera , Rufino Mariana C 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A growing body of evidence shows that more intensive dairy systems can be good for both nature and people. Little research considers whether such systems correspond with local priorities and preferences. Using a mixed methods approach, this study examined the effects of three intensification scenarios on milk yield and emission intensities in Kenya and Tanzania. Scenarios included (a) an incremental change to feed management; (b) adaptive change by replacing poor quality grass with nutrient-rich fodder crops; and (c) multiple change involving concurrent improvements to breeds, feeds and concentrate supplementation. These scenarios were co-constructed with diverse stakeholder groups to ensure these resonate with local preferences and priorities. Modelling these scenarios showed that milk yield could increase by 2%–15% with incremental changes to over 200% with multiple changes. Greenhouse gas emission intensities are lowest under the multiple change scenario, reducing by an estimated 44%. While raising yields, incremental change conversely raises emission intensities by 9%. Our results suggest that while future interventions that account for local priorities and preferences can enhance productivity and increase the uptake of practices, far-reaching shifts in practices are needed to reduce the climatic footprint of the dairy sector. Since top-down interventions does not align with local priorities and preferences in many situations, future low-emission development initiatives should place more emphasis on geographic and stakeholder heterogeneity when designing targeting and implementation strategies. This suggests that in low-income countries, bottom-up approaches may be more likely to improve dairy productivity and align with mitigation targets than one-size-fits-all approaches.
Decreased soil moisture due to warming drives phylogenetic diversity and community transitions in the tundra
Authors: Scharn Ruud , Little Chelsea J , Bacon Christine D , Alatalo Juha M , Antonelli Alexandre , Björkman Mats P , Molau Ulf , Nilsson R Henrik , Björk Robert G 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Global warming leads to drastic changes in the diversity and structure of Arctic plant communities. Studies of functional diversity within the Arctic tundra biome have improved our understanding of plant responses to warming. However, these studies still show substantial unexplained variation in diversity responses. Complementary to functional diversity, phylogenetic diversity has been useful in climate change studies, but has so far been understudied in the Arctic. Here, we use a 25 year warming experiment to disentangle community responses in Arctic plant phylogenetic β diversity across a soil moisture gradient. We found that responses varied over the soil moisture gradient, where meadow communities with intermediate to high soil moisture had a higher magnitude of response. Warming had a negative effect on soil moisture levels in all meadow communities, however meadows with intermediate moisture levels were more sensitive. In these communities, soil moisture loss was associated with earlier snowmelt, resulting in community turnover towards a more heath-like community. This process of ‘heathification’ in the intermediate moisture meadows was driven by the expansion of ericoid and Betula shrubs. In contrast, under a more consistent water supply Salix shrub abundance increased in wet meadows. Due to its lower stature, palatability and decomposability, the increase in heath relative to meadow vegetation can have several large scale effects on the local food web as well as climate. Our study highlights the importance of the hydrological cycle as a driver of vegetation turnover in response to Arctic climate change. The observed patterns in phylogenetic β diversity were often driven by contrasting responses of species of the same functional growth form, and could thus provide important complementary information. Thus, phylogenetic diversity is an important tool in disentangling tundra response to environmental change.
Defect-induced anticorrelations in molecular motor traffic
Authors: Schütz G M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We revisit the nonequilibrium phase transition between a spatially homogeneous low-density phase and a phase-separated high-density state in the deterministic sublattice totally asymmetric simple exclusion process with stochastic defect. We discuss this phase transition in a grandcanonical ensemble for which we obtain exact results for the stationary current-density correlations and for the average collective velocity. We identify defect-induced anticorrelations that are absent in similar boundary-induced phase transitions. The average collective velocity vanishes at the phase transition and in the phase-separated state due to its macroscopic spatial inhomogeneity.
High-efficiency and high-precision identification of transmitting orbital angular momentum modes in atmospheric turbulence based on an improved convolutional neural network
Authors: Zhou Hongping , Pan Zhenzhen , Dedo Maxime Irene , Guo Zhongyi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we have proposed an improved convolutional neural network model based on the ShuffleNet V2 network for recognizing the orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes for the OAM based free space optical communication systems in the environments of atmospheric turbulence (AT). The network is trained by inputting the intensity images of the Laguerre Gaussian beams, which can effectively finish the training process due to its special designs, and can recognize the OAM modes with high accuracy. Compared with previous works for the single and multiplexing OAM modes, the proposed network model has high-precision and high-efficiency characteristics. Especially for the multiplexing OAM modes, our proposed system can achieve the recognition accuracy of 99.5% under strong AT and long-distance transmission. In addition, in order to prove that our system has good generalization ability and strong robustness, we used the trained model to test several groups of data obtained under untrained AT intensities, and the results showed that our model could still maintain high accuracy under the untrained AT intensities, which is very important to the realization of high-capacity optical communication technologies based on OAM in the future
Line identification of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectra from low-Z impurity ions in EAST tokamak plasmas
Authors: LI Lei , ZHANG Ling , XU Zong , MORITA Shigeru , CHENG Yunxin , ZHANG Fengling , ZHANG Wenmin , DUAN Yanmin , ZANG Qing , WANG Shouxin , DAI Shuyu , ZUO Guizhong , SUN Zhen , WANG Liang , DING Xiaobin , QIAN Jinping , LIU Haiqing , HU Liqun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectra emitted from low-Z impurity ions in the wavelength range of 10–500 Å were observed in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) discharges. Several spectral lines from K- and L-shell partially ionized ions were successfully observed with sufficient spectral intensities and resolutions for helium, lithium, boron, carbon, oxygen, neon, silicon and argon using two fast-time-response EUV spectrometers of which the spectral intensities are absolutely calibrated based on the intensity comparison method between visible and EUV bremsstrahlung continua. The wavelength is carefully calibrated using well-known spectra. The lithium, boron and silicon are individually introduced for the wall coating of the EAST vacuum vessel to suppress mainly the hydrogen and oxygen influxes from the vacuum wall, while the carbon and oxygen intrinsically exist in the plasma. The helium is frequently used as the working gas as well as the deuterium. The neon and argon are also often used for the radiation cooling of edge plasma to reduce the heat flux onto the divertor plate. The measured spectra were analyzed mainly based on the database of National Institute of Standards and Technology. As a result, spectral lines of He II, Li II–III, B IV–V, C III–VI, O III–VIII, Ne II–X, Si V–XII, and Ar X–XVI are identified in EAST plasmas of which the central electron temperature and chord-averaged electron density range in T
e0 = 0.6–2.8 keV and n
e = (0.5–6.0) × 1019 m−3, respectively. The wavelengths and transitions of EUV lines identified here are summarized and listed in a table for each impurity species as the database for EUV spectroscopy using fusion plasmas.
Measurement and analysis on failure lifetime of serpentine interconnects for e-textiles under cyclic large deformation
Authors: Koshi Tomoya , Nomura Ken-ichi , Yoshida Manabu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Serpentine interconnects are promising for electronic textiles (e-textiles), because they can maintain low electrical resistance even under cyclic large deformation. However, previous studies have not deeply discussed their failure lifetime, and the relationship between the elongation (engineering strain applied to entire structure) and cycle number to failure remains unclear. This clarification will contribute to the lifetime prediction. Therefore, this study investigates the relationship using interconnects having the same conductive material and geometric parameters but with different laminated structures: copper adhered to a polyurethane laminated knit textile (type A); copper adhered directly to a knit textile (type B); and polyethylene-naphthalate-laminated copper adhered to a knit textile only at both ends of the interconnect (type C). An elongation of 7%–70% was applied to the prepared samples with a tensile testing machine. The measurement and analytical calculation show that the type-C interconnects have the highest lifetime, and the relationship between the elongation ϵ
appl and cycle number to failure N
f is given by ϵ
appl = A′N
f
−c/2, where A′ is the coefficient determined by the material properties, geometric parameters, and laminated structures, and c is the fatigue ductility exponent of copper. Moreover, this paper demonstrates the washing durability of an e-textile device using type-C interconnects. A cloth-face-mask-type device that monitors facial skin temperatures was fabricated and repeatedly washed with a washing machine. The demonstration confirms that the temperature variations were stably monitored before and after the first washing, and the multiple failures occurred in the interconnects after ninth washing.
Fundamental formalism of statistical mechanics and thermodynamics of negative kinetic energy systems
Authors: Wang Huai-Yu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The solutions of a particle’s Dirac equation contains a negative kinetic energy (NKE) branch. Such an energy spectrum has an upper limit but no lower limit, so that the system with this spectrum, called NKE system, is of negative temperature. Fundamental formulas of statistical mechanics and thermodynamics of NKE systems are presented. All the formulas have the same forms of those of positive kinetic energy (PKE) systems. Almost all thermodynamic quantities, except entropy and specific heat, have a contrary sign compared to those of PKE systems. Specially, pressure is negative and its microscopic mechanism is given. Entropy is always positive and Boltzmann entropy formula remains valid. The three laws of thermodynamics remain valid, as long as the thermodynamic quantities have a negative sign. Negative temperature Carnot engine can work between two negative temperatures. Since the NKE levels need not be fully filled, it is argued that the concept of Dirac’s Fermion Sea can be totally abandoned.
Synoptic and meteorological drivers of regional ozone pollution events in China
Authors: Wei Wenyu , Fang Yuanyuan , Zhou Yuntao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Surface ozone (O3) pollution events are becoming more frequent and have recently emerged as a severe air pollution problem in China. However, the spatial–temporal distribution of surface O3, as well as its primary synoptic and meteorological drivers, remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to identify the key synoptic and meteorological drivers of O3 pollution in different regions of China. To achieve this goal, this study established meteorology overlaps of regional O3 pollution events in space and time and applied a comprehensive statistical model selection method for optimal synoptic and meteorological models, based on a newly released O3 dataset for 2015–2018. It was observed that extreme regional O3 pollution events (duration >7 d) occurred more frequently and exhibited a high co-occurrence frequency (>50%) with air stagnation (AS). Moreover, the beginning and end of 69% of the regional O3 pollution events coincided with regional daily maximum temperature changes. The intensity of AS is the dominant driver of O3 pollution event intensity across most of the six selected megacity regions. Although other meteorological drivers, such as the intensity of hot days (HD) and meridional wind of 10 m were also important, their impacts varied according to the region. Overall, increase in extreme AS and HD led to the worsening of regional O3 pollution events. These findings imply that mitigating regional O3 pollution should consider changing synoptic and meteorological conditions.
Valuation of fly ash: new horizons for an ecological mortar based on magnetized water application in building materials
Authors: Mghaiouini Redouane , Graich Abderrazzak , El Jouad Zouhair , Mrani Ibrahim , Ghanim Hassan , Monkade Mohamed , EL Bouari Abdeslam 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Resources natural are limited and run out over time. The building construction sector uses a large number of nature reserves. In previous years, several researchers have attempted to formulate an environmentally friendly mortar from waste materials such as fly ash. In this study, an ecological mortar was developed by replacing some of the cement with fly ash. Various tests were performed to determine the mechanical properties of normal mortar and fly ash (FA) mortars. In this current research, the study was conducted in three different stages. In Phase I, An eco-friendly mortar was manufactured by replacing part of the cement with fly ash powder and replacing tap water (TW) with magnetised water (MW). In Phase II, the Taguchi method and JMP Trial 15 software were used to optimise the design of the mixture. In Phase III, samples of the optimised mixture were cast for testing to confirm the resistance to bending. In addition, the study was extended to analyse the microstructural properties of mortars characterised by SEM. Itwas concluded a 10% replacement of a part of the cement by fly ash powder and replacement of (TW) by (MW) was found to be optimal and can be used appropriately for green mortar design.
Flow Cytometric Evaluation of Surface and Cytoplasmic TRBC1 Expression in the Differential Diagnosis of Immature T-Cell Proliferations
Authors: Horna Pedro , Otteson Gregory E , Shi Min , Jevremovic Dragan , Yuan Ji , Olteanu Horatiu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Flow cytometric detection of T-cell clonality is challenging, particularly in differential diagnosis of immature T-cell proliferations. Studies have shown utility of TRBC1, in conjunction with other T-cell markers, as reliable means to identify T-cell clonality by flow cytometry. One limitation of surface TRBC1 (sTRBC1) evaluation is it cannot be detected in surface CD3 (sCD3)-negative T cells, such as normal or abnormal immature T-cell precursors. Here, we assess surface and cytoplasmic TRBC1 expression patterns in the differential diagnosis of T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL) vs normal thymocyte expansions.

Methods
Forty-three samples containing T-ALL, thymoma, normal thymus, and/or indolent T-lymphoblastic proliferation (i-TLBP), were evaluated.

Results
All 24 cases with normal thymocytes or i-TLBPs revealed a characteristic and reproducible sCD3/sTRBC1 expression pattern indicative of polytypic T-cell maturation. In contrast, all 19 T-ALLs lacked this polytypic maturation pattern and were either completely negative for sCD3/sTRBC1 or showed a minor sCD3-positive subset with a monotypic TRBC1 expression pattern. Cytoplasmic TRBC1 evaluation in 9 T-ALLs demonstrated a monotypic intracellular TRBC1-positive (n = 4) or TRBC1-negative (n = 5) expression, indicative of clonality.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate flow cytometric evaluation of surface and cytoplasmic TRBC1 expression can aid detection of T-cell clonality and differential diagnosis of immature T-cell proliferations.
Time-Series Analysis of Fentanyl Concentration in the Unregulated Opioid Drug Supply in a Canadian Setting
Authors: Tobias Samuel , Grant Cameron J , Laing Richard , Arredondo Jaime , Lysyshyn Mark , Buxton Jane , Tupper Kenneth W , Wood Evan , Ti Lianping 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
North America has been contending with an unregulated street drug supply in which opioids are often adulterated with illicitly manufactured fentanyl. The unpredictability of composition may result in an increased risk of overdose due to unexpected elevated concentrations of the high-potency drug. Using data from a community-based drug-checking project, we evaluated trends in fentanyl concentration of illicit opioids in the context of an overdose epidemic. Using a quantification model for fentanyl hydrochloride, historical Fourier-transform infrared spectra from opioid drug-checking samples were analyzed to determine fentanyl concentrations. Median monthly fentanyl concentrations were plotted, and polynomial and autoregressive time-series analyses were performed to examine trends over time. A total of 3,621 fentanyl-positive samples were included in the study, spanning November 2017 to December 2019. Monthly median fentanyl concentrations ranged from 4.5% to 10.4%. Time-series analyses indicated that a third-degree polynomial model fit the data well (R2 = 0.639), suggesting a cyclical pattern in median concentration over time. Notably, absolute variance in fentanyl concentration decreased by an average 0.1% per month (P &lt; 0.001). Future research should explore the relationship between fentanyl concentration and overdose to identify potential targeted harm-reduction interventions that can respond to changes in observed fentanyl concentration.
Stability of 5% vancomycin ophthalmic solution prepared using balanced salt solution after freezing for 90 days
Authors: Roura-Turet Judit , Rodriguez-Reyes Montserrat , Guerrero-Molina Laura , Soy-Muner Dolors , López-Cabezas Carmen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the stability of 5% vancomycin ophthalmic solution prepared using balanced salt solution (BSS) and stored at –20°C in polypropylene containers.MethodsSix batches of vancomycin 50 mg/mL eyedrops were aseptically prepared. One bottle of each batch was analyzed immediately after preparation, and the rest were stored at –20°C and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at 30, 60, and 90 days to test their physicochemical stability and sterility. Thereafter, bottles were removed from the freezer and stored at 5°C for 30 days, with HPLC and other analyses repeated 105 and 120 days after preparation. All samples were analyzed in triplicate. Stability was defined as the absence of particles, color variation, or changes in pH and a remaining vancomycin concentration of 90% to 110% of the initial concentration. The sterility of the ophthalmic solution was evaluated by using soybean-casein digest broth with resins; samples were incubated for 7 days and checked daily for signs of microbial growth.ResultsThere was no particle formation or sign of precipitation in any of the solutions throughout the duration of the study, regardless of the storage conditions. No change in color or turbidity was observed. The pH and osmolarity remained unchanged during storage at –20°C and after thawing. The vancomycin concentration remained within 10% of the initial concentration during the 90-day period of storage at –20°C and the subsequent 30 days after thawing. Sterility was preserved in all samples.ConclusionA 5% solution of vancomycin prepared using BSS was physicochemically and microbiologically stable when stored at –20°C for 90 days. After thawing, this extemporaneous formulation remained stable when refrigerated at 5°C for 30 days.