bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Analysis of On-chip Vertical Hybrid Plasmonic Nanograting
Authors: Singh Mandeep 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
a CMOS compatible photonic-plasmonic waveguide with nanoscale optical confinement has been proposed for the infrared (IR)-band applications. The design is based on the multilayer hybrid plasmonic waveguide (Si-SiO2-Au) structure. The 3D-finite element method (FEM) numerical simulation of single slot HPWG confirms 2.5 dB/cm propagation loss and 15 um− 2 confined intensity. Moreover, its application as dual-slot nanograting is studied which shows better propagation length and ultra-low dispersion near the 1550 nm wavelength. Hence, proposed low-dispersion design is suitable for future on-chip nanophotonic components in the IR band.
Effects of Salinity on Gills’ Chloride Cells, Stress Indices and Gene Expression of Asian Seabass (Lates Calcarifer, Bloch, 1790)
Authors: Azodi Maryam , Bahabadi Mahmoud Nafisi , Ghasemi Ahmad , Morshedi Vahid , Mozanzadeh Mansour Torfi , Shahraki Raheleh , Khademzadeh Omid , Hamedi Shirin , Avizhgan Sakineh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A two-week research was carried-out to assess water salinity (WS) effects including 0, 15, 35 and 50‰ on osmoregulatory mechanisms and stress indices in Asian sea bass (34.4 g) juveniles. Except for fish reared at 50‰, in the other treatments gradually decreased to the prescribed WS during a 10-day period (-5‰ a day). After 10-day of acclimation period, fish reared at the prescribed WS for two weeks. Fish reared at 15 and 35‰ had higher chloride cell (CC) counts in the interlamellar region. The number of CC in the interlamellar region elevated with increment of WS up to 35‰, but they were pronouncedly reduced in 50‰ group . The diameter of CC in the interlamellar region was not affected by WS. The least nucleus diameter of CC in the interlamellar region was observed in fish reared at 15‰ (P < 0.05). The greatest and the least amounts of serum aspartate aminotransferase content were observed in fish reared at freshwater and 15‰, respectively. Fish reared at 35‰ had the highest serum sodium and potassium contents. Serum chloride content and total osmolality increased with increment of WS (P < 0.05). Serum cortisol and glucose contents gradually increased with elevation of WS up to 35‰, then their contents remarkably decreased. The relative expression of insulin like growth factor-1 in the liver of fish reared at 35‰ was strikingly higher than the other groups. The relative expression of HSP70 gene in fresh water group was pronouncedly elevated compared to other treatments. The relative expression of interleukin-1β in 15 and 35‰ groups was higher than the other groups; however, the relative expression of lysozyme gene in the liver of fish reared at fresh water was pronouncedly lower than the other treatments. The results of this study suggested rearing L. calcarifer at 15‰ closer to the isosmotic point and better provide its welfare.
The Synthetic Opioid Epidemic: A Study Protocol to Determine Whether People Who Use Drugs Can Influence or Shape Public Opinion via Mass Media
Authors: Jozaghi Ehsan , Users VANDU Vancouver Area Network of Drug 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundWe are currently witnessing an ongoing drug overdose death epidemic in many nations linked to the distribution of illegally manufactured potent synthetic opioids. While many health policy makers and researchers have focused on the root causes and possible solutions to the current crisis, there has been little focus on the power of advocacy and community action by people who use drugs (PWUDs). Specifically, there has been no research on the role of PWUDs in engaging and influencing mass media opinion.MethodsBy relying on one of the longest and largest peer-run drug user advocacy groups in the world, the Vancouver Area Network of Drug Users (VANDU), newspaper articles, television reports, and magazines that VANDU or its members have been directly involved in will be identified via two data bases (the Canadian Newsstream & Google News). The news articles and videos related to the health of PWUDs and issues affecting PWUDs from 1997 to the end of 2020 will be analyzed qualitatively using Nvivo software.ResultsNot Applicable because it is a study protocol and data has not been collected and analyzed. ConclusionAs our communities are entering another phase of the drug overdose epidemic, acknowledging and partnering with PWUDs could play an integral part in advancing the goals of harm reduction, treatment, and human rights. Trial registrationNot applicable because it uses secondary data.
Water sources aggregate parasites, with increasing effects in more arid conditions
Authors: Titcomb Georgia , Mantas John , Hulke Jenna , Rodriguez Ivan , Branch Douglas , Young Hillary 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Shifts in landscape heterogeneity and climate can influence animal behavior and movement in ways that profoundly alter disease transmission. Amid accelerating climate and land use changes, it is increasingly important to identify and monitor hotspots of increased animal activity and overlap where disease transmission is likely to occur. Water sources that are foci of animal activity have great potential to promote disease transmission, but there has been very little work to quantify this, nor any comparison across a range of hosts and climatic contexts. In the case of fecal-oral parasites, water resources can aggregate large groups of many different host species in small areas, concentrate infectious material, and function as disease hotspots. This may be exacerbated where water is scarce and for species that require frequent drinking water access. Working in an East African savanna, we show via experimental and observational methods that water sources increase the density of wild and domestic herbivore feces and thus, the concentration of fecal-oral parasites in the environment, by up to two orders of magnitude. Our results show that this effect is amplified in drier areas and following periods of low rainfall, creating dynamic and heterogeneous disease landscapes across space and time. In addition, we show via camera trapping methods that herbivore grazing behaviors that expose them to fecal-oral parasites are often increased at water sources relative to background sites, thereby creating landscape hotspots of potential disease transmission. Critically, this effect varies markedly by herbivore species, with strongest effects observed for two large, water-dependent animals that are of critical concern for conservation and development: elephants and cattle. When water availability is reduced – a global pattern that is increasing amid climate changes and growing anthropogenic water use – risk of parasite exposure may increase substantially, posing multiple threats to critical taxa. These findings are important for understanding shifting parasite dynamics for several threatened wildlife species and for pastoral livelihoods in response to changing water supply due to climate changes.
The Classification of Single Traveling Wave Solutions for the Fractional Coupled Nonlinear SchrÖdinger equation
Authors: Tang Lu , Chen Shanpeng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to study the single traveling wave solutions of the fractional coupled nonlinear SchrÖdinger equation. By using the complete discriminant system method and computer algebra with symbolic computation, a series of new single traveling wave solutions are obtained, which include trigonometric function solutions, Jacobi elliptic function solutions, hyperbolic function solutions, solitary wave solutions and rational function solutions. In order to further explain the propagation of the fractional coupled nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equation in nonlinear optics, two-dimensional and three-dimensional graphs are drawn.
Pressure-induced liquid-liquid transition in a family of ionic materials
Authors: Wojnarowska Zaneta , Cheng Shinian , Swadzba-Kwasny Malgorzata , McLaughlin Shannon , Delavoux Yoan , Paluch Marian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Liquid−liquid transition (LLT) between two disordered phases of single-component material remains one of the most intriguing physical phenomena. Here, we report a first-order LLT in a series of ionic liquids containing trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium cation [P666,14]+ and anions of different sizes and shapes, providing an insight into the structure-property relationships governing LTT. In addition to calorimetric proof of LLT, we report that ion dynamics exhibit anomalous behavior during the LLT, i.e., the conductivity relaxation times (τσ) are dramatically elongated, and their distribution becomes broader. This peculiar behavior is induced by both isobaric cooling and isothermal compression with the τσ(TLL,PLL) being constant for a given system. The latter observation proves that LLT, in analogy to liquid-glass transition, has an isochronal character. Finally, the magnitude of discontinuity in a specific volume at LLT was examined using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation.
Title: An Epidemiological, Strategic and Response Analysis of the COVID-19 Pandemic in South Asia: A Population Based Observational Study
Authors: Salman Hafiz Muhammad , Syed Javaria , Riaz Atif , Sarfraz Zouina , Sarfraz Azza , Bokhari Syed Hashim Abbas Ali , Ojeda Ivan Cherrez 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: South Asia has performed relatively better than initially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The overall burden and response have remained dynamic in the region with certain countries outperforming others despite limitations in health resources. Methodology: Using a population-based observational design, all 8 South Asian countries were analyzed using a step-wise approach. Data were obtained from government websites and publicly available data for population dynamics and other facilities. Results: South Asian countries have a younger average age of their population. Our findings demonstrate the inequitable distribution of resources centered in urban metropolitan cities within South Asian countries. Certain densely populated regions in these countries have better testing facilities and healthcare facilities that correlate with lower COVID-19 incidence per million populations. Trends of urban-rural disparities are not clear given the lack of clear reporting of the gap within these regions. COVID-19 vaccination lag has become apparent in South Asian countries with the expected time to complete the campaign being unfeasible as the COVID-19 pandemic progresses.Conclusion: The focus on response in the South Asia countries has been on controlling peaks rather than curbing them. With a redesign of governance policies on preventing the rise of COVID-19 promptly, the relief on the healthcare system and healthcare workers (HCWs) will allow for adequate time to roll out vaccination campaigns with equitable distribution.
Pyogenic liver abscess in non-liver cancer patients and liver cancer patients treated with TACE: etiological characteristics, treatment, and outcome analysis
Authors: Liu Yiming , Ren Yanqiao , Chen Jun , Song Songlin , Zheng Chuansheng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical, laboratory and microbiological features, clinical outcomes, and prognosis of pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) in non-liver cancer (Non-LC) patients and liver cancer patients treated with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE, LC-TACE).Methods: Clinical data of 48 consecutive PLA patients from January 2016 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The mortality was compared between the two groups of PLA patients, and risk factors for mortality were evaluated.Results: A total of 48 PLA patients meeting the inclusion criteria were included in this study from January 2016 to December 2020, including 31 males and 17 females. Among them, there were 32 patients in the Non-LC group and 16 patients in the LC-TACE group. Fever and chills were the most common symptoms in both groups, followed by abdominal pain. Shock occurred in 2 patient in the Non-LC group and 3 patients in the LC-TACE group. The positive rate of pus culture in the Non-LC group was 87.5%, among which the most common pathogen was Klebsiella pneumoniae (50%, 14/28), and the positive rate of pus culture in the LC-TACE group was 81.3%, among which the most common pathogen was Escherichia coli (30.8%, 4/13). In the Non-LC group, 28 patients improved after treatment, 1 patient did not improve, and 3 patients died during hospitalization, with a mortality rate of 9.4%. In the LC-TACE group, 9 cases improved after treatment, 3 cases did not improve, and 4 cases died during hospitalization, with a mortality rate of 25%. Multivariate analysis revealed no independent prognostic factor associated with mortality. The cure time of the Non-LC group was 37.4±23.1 days (6-90 days), while that of the LC-TACE group was 91.5±49.7 days (19-180 days), with a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.001).Conclusions: PLA of the Non-LC group and the LC-TACE group were different in terms of pathogenic bacteria and cure time, etc. For PLA after TACE, a more aggressive and comprehensive treatment should be considered.
Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm With Skin and Bone Marrow Involvement:three Case Reports and Literature Reviews
Authors: Guo Jianghong , Zhang Hongwei , Xi Yanfeng , Chang Jiang , Wang Li , Li Yaling , Bai Wei , Wang Jinfen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare and highly aggressive hematopoietic malignancy. BPDCN is difficult to diagnose because of the overlap in morphologic and immunophenotypic features with various cutaneous lymphatic hematopoietic tumors. Case presentation All cases were characterized by skin nodules and examined by histology, immunohistochemical detection, in situ hybridization for Epstein -Barr virus, and follow-up, and the relevant literatures were reviewd. Two patients involved the bone marrow. Immunohistochemical detection showed CD56 were positive, EBER were negative. Chemotherapy is the main treatment for BPDCN, but case 1 showed bone marrow suppression; and case 2 developed recur after chemotherapy. Conclusions An accurate pathological diagnosis is a precondition for treatment, and the diagnosis of BPDCN should be based on a combination of clinical symptoms, pathological characteristics, immunophenotype, and other auxiliary examinations. It is necessary to clarify the clinicopathological features and biological behavior of BPDCN to improve the understanding of BPDCN by both clinicians and pathologists. A cytotoxin directed against CD123(tagraxofusp) may bring new future.
Selection Criteria for Meat Production Based on the Morphometry of Morada Nova Lambs: A Systematic Approach
Authors: Alves Genilson Cesar , Vega Wilder Hernando Ortiz , Silveira Robson , Costa Hélio Henrique Araújo , Landim Aline Vieira 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize the meat production potential of Morada Nova lambs from different genetic groups using morphological and zoometric data, performance and carcass characteristics. A total of 24 non-castrated male lambs from two genetic groups were used: Morada Nova red (MNR) and Morada Nova F1 red x Morada Nova white (MNF1) breed, with an initial mean body weight of 16.9 ± 3.43 kg and an average age of four months were distributed in a completely randomized design. Evaluations of morphometric data and zoom indices, performance and carcass characteristics were measured and calculated. Univariate and multivariate techniques were used to differentiate and reduce the number of variables, to group them and then develop and validate a sheep meat production index. Only 12 differences in the 29 morphometric measurements and zoometric indices analyzed were observed (P < 0.05). Furthermore, only 7 of the 28 quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the carcass were greater (P < 0.05) in MNF1 lambs. The yields of commercial cuts and the physical-chemical characteristics and qualitative measurements of the carcass were similar (P > 0.05) between the genetic groups. All groups of variables, except the cut yield, have discriminatory power (P < 0.05) with the highest classification percentages for body morphometry (91.3%) and zoometric indices (95.7%). The four identified factors, which together explain more than 85.0% of the total data variation, were renamed in the following order of importance: morpho-economic (38.5%), morpho-productive (18.8%), morpho-commercial (17.5%), and equilibrium (11.0%). The heat map showed the suitability in the morpho-commercial and morpho-economic factors for MNF1 lambs, while the MNR lambs showed emphasis for the equilibrium factor. Thus, the Sheep Meat Morphometric Index (SMMI) resulted in the following equation SMMI =\(\frac{\text{A}\text{I} \times 0.771 + \text{C}\text{H} \times 0.759 + \text{R}\text{H} \times 0.878 + \text{T}\text{P}\text{R}\text{I} \times 0.876 + \text{B}\text{I} \times 0.550 + \text{C}\text{W} \times 0.905}{100}\) In which: AI is the anamorphosis index; CH is chest height; RH is rump height; TPRI is the thoracic perimeter relation index; BI is body index; and CW is chest width. The application and validation of the developed index showed superiority (P < 0.001) for meat production in the crossed lambs. MNR and MNF1 lambs have high thoracic development, compact character and aptitude for meat production. Lambs crossed between genetic groups of the MN breed are another sustainable option for sheep production in drylands. It is recommended that the SMMI be used as a tool for morpho-productive selection criteria in breeding programs in the MN breed, as well as other small native breeds.
Association Between Cardiovascular Risk-factors and Venous Thromboembolism in a Large Longitudinal Study of French Women
Authors: MACDONALD Conor , Madika AL , Lajous Martin , Canonico M , Fournier Agnes , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Previous studies have shown conflicting results regarding the influence of cardiovascular risk-factors on venous thromboembolism. This study aimed to determine if these risk-factors, i.e. physical activity, smoking, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and diabetes, were associated with the risk of venous thromboembolism, and to determine if these associations were confounded by BMI.
Methods
We used data from the E3N cohort study, a French prospective population-based study initiated in 1990, consisting of 98,995 women born between 1925 and 1950. From the women in the study we included those who did not have prevalent arterial disease or venous thromboembolism at baseline; thus 91,707 women were included in the study. Venous thromboembolism cases were self-reported during follow-up, and verified via specific mailings to medical practitioners or via drug reimbursements for anti-thrombotic medications. Hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia were self-reported validated against drug reimbursements or specific questionnaires. Physical activity, and smoking were based on self-reports. Cox-models, adjusted for BMI and other potential risk-factors were used to determine hazard ratios for incident venous thromboembolism.
Results
During 1,897,960 person-years (PY), 1, 649 first incident episodes of thrombosis were identified at an incidence rate of 0.9 per 1,000 PY. This included 505 cases of pulmonary embolism and 1,144 cases of deep vein thrombosis with no evidence of pulmonary embolism. Hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, smoking and physical activity were not associated with the overall risk of thrombosis after adjustment for BMI.
Conclusions
Traditional cardiovascular risk factors were not associated with the risk of venous thromboembolism. Hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes should not be considered risk-factors for venous thromboembolism.
Evaluation of the Antibacterial Effects and Mechanism of Plantaricin 149 from Lactobacillus Plantarum NRIC 149 on the Peri-Implantitis Pathogens
Authors: Lin Xiaolong , Xu Jiajia , Xu Yuedan , Shi Zhiwei , Fu Tao , Zhang Ling , He Fuming 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Peri-implantitis is a common reversible disease after tooth implantation, caused by a variety of pathogenic microorganisms. Based on non-surgical or surgical treatment principles, supplementation by local or systemic drugs might enhance treatment efficacy. Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) (ATCC 33277) and Prevotella intermedius (Pi) (ATCC 25611) were used as test strains. The effects of Pln 149 on the biofilm formation and growth of four periodontal pathogens were evaluated by RT-PCR, fluorescence microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The antibacterial mechanism was tested by the patch-clamp technique. The cytotoxicity of Pln 149 (125 µg/ml) to bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) was assessed using an MTT assay. Pln 149 exhibited significant inhibitory effects on Pg and Pi (P<0.05), with significant differences in the biofilm images of fluorescence microscope and scanning electron microscope (P<0.05). Pln 149 could change the sodium channel currents and exerted no cytotoxicity on bone marrow stromal cell. Pln 149 could inhibit the biofilm formation and growth of periodontal pathogens. Considering the absence of antimicrobial resistance and cytotoxicity, we suggest that the Pln 149 from Lactobacillus plantarum 149 might be a promising option for managing peri-implantitis.
Changes in Sedentary Behavior Patterns During the Transition From Childhood to Adolescence and Their Association With Adiposity: a Prospective Study Based on Compositional Data Analysis
Authors: Rubín Lukáš , Gába Aleš , Pelclová Jana , Štefelová Nikola , Jakubec Lukáš , Dygrýn Jan , Hron Karel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: To date, no longitudinal study using a compositional approach has examined sedentary behavior (SB) patterns in relation to adiposity in the pediatric population. Therefore, our aims were to (1) investigate the changes in SB patterns and adiposity from childhood to adolescence, (2) analyze the prospective compositional associations between changes in SB patterns and adiposity, and (3) estimate the changes in adiposity associated with substituting SB with physical activity (PA) of different intensities.Methods: The study presents a longitudinal design with a 5-year follow-up. A total of 88 participants (61% girls) were included in the analysis. PA and SB were monitored for seven consecutive days using a hip-worn accelerometer. Adiposity markers (fat mass percentage [FM%], fat mass index [FMI], and visceral adiposity tissue [VAT]) were assessed using the multi-frequency bioimpedance analysis. The prospective associations were examined using compositional data analysis.Results: Over the follow-up period, the proportion of time spent in total SB increased by 154.8 min/day (p < 0.001). The increase in total SB was caused mainly by an increase in middle and long sedentary bouts, as these SB periods increased by 79.8 min/day and 62 min/day (p < 0.001 for both), respectively. FM%, FMI, and VAT increased by 2.4 percent points, 1.0 kg/m2, and 31.5 cm2 (p < 0.001 for all), respectively. Relative to the remaining movement behaviors, the increase in time spent in middle sedentary bouts was significantly associated with higher FM% (βilr1 = 0.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02 to 0.53) at follow-up. Lower VAT by 3.3% (95% CI: 0.8 to 5.7), 3.8% (95% CI: 0.03 to 7.4), 3.9% (95% CI: 0.8 to 6.9), and 3.8% (95% CI: 0.7 to 6.9) was associated with substituting 15 min/week spent in total SB and in short, middle, and long sedentary bouts, respectively, with an equivalent amount of time spent in vigorous PA.Conclusions: This study showed unfavorable changes in SB patterns and adiposity status in the transition from childhood to adolescence. Incorporating high-intensity PA at the expense of SB appears to be an appropriate approach to reduce the risk of excess adiposity in the pediatric population.