bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individualization of practice distribution in second language grammar learning
Authors: Suzuki Yuichi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The aim of the present study was establishing to what extent individual differences in cognitive aptitudes were
associated with second language (L2) morphological acquisition under different practice distribution. Sixty participants studied
morphological rules of a novel miniature-language system in order to use them for oral production. They engaged in four training
sessions in either shorter-spaced learning (twice a week) or longer-spaced learning conditions (once a week). Their oral
production performance both during and after the training was related to their metalinguistic rule rehearsal ability (MRRA) and
working memory capacity (WMC). Multiple regression analyses revealed that MRRA predicted learners’ training and posttest
performance mainly under the longer-spaced condition, while WMC played a limited role at best under both learning conditions.
These results suggest that practice distribution may be individualized based on learners’ aptitude strengths to optimize L2
morphological learning.
The associations between individual differences in working memory and the effectiveness of immediate and delayed
corrective feedback
Authors: Fu Mengxia , Li Shaofeng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper reports on a study investigating the role of working memory in predicting L2 development under
immediate and delayed corrective feedback (CF) conditions. A total of 106 seventh-grade EFL learners were assigned to three
groups: Immediate CF, Delayed CF, and Task Only. Each group underwent three treatment sessions during which they performed six
focused communicative tasks – two in each session – involving the use of the English past tense. The Immediate CF group received
feedback on their erroneous use of the target structure during their task performance in Session 1; the Delayed CF group did not
receive feedback until the final treatment session; and the Task Only group performed the communicative tasks without receiving
any feedback. Treatment effects were measured through a grammaticality judgment test and an elicited imitation test. Working
memory was measured by means of an operation span test. The results revealed that working memory was a significant predictor only
of the effects of delayed CF, not those of immediate CF or task only. The findings suggest that delayed CF may have imposed a
heavier processing burden on the learners’ working memory due to the need to match the delayed feedback with the errors in their
procedural knowledge manifested in previous sessions. Based on the results of this and other empirical studies, the authors argue
for the superiority of immediate feedback over delayed feedback.
Working memory and planning time as predictors of fluency and accuracy
Authors: Brown Nielson Katharine , DeKeyser Robert M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Working memory, which accounts for the ability to process information in the face of interference, is critical to
second language acquisition (SLA) and use. The interaction of working memory capacity (WMC) with specific pedagogical
interventions is a logical place for empirical SLA research, both to examine the cognitive processes underpinning second language
performance and to identify instructional treatments that may serve learners differently based on their WMC. This study considers
WMC along with two different types of pre-task planning time (guided and unguided) as predictors of the attempted accuracy and
fluency of learners’ discourse. Seventy-two intermediate ESL students from seven classes at a community college participated by
completing two different working memory span tasks, as well as two different “There-and-Then” oral story-telling tasks. The
treatment condition of the story-telling tasks was manipulated so that learners’ performance could be considered in terms of
provision of pre-task planning (+/− planning), type of planning (guided vs. unguided), and order of planning (planning first or
planning second). Task order had a clear effect on learners’ production, regardless of the provision of planning time. Guided
planning time promoted a focus on attempted accuracy and unguided planning time fostered fluency. Finally, this study indicates
that task conditions can affect high- and low-WMC learners in different ways: the former are more likely to comply with complex
story-telling instructions, requiring them to focus on grammatical form at the expense of fluency, whereas the latter are less
likely to comply with the same instructions.
The linguistic landscape of the Raval
Authors: Jódar-Sánchez José Antonio 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The research presented in this chapter has three
purposes. The first purpose is to propose a new taxonomy of the
linguistic landscape with two overarching functions, the emblematic
and instrumental ones. The second purpose is to show that Google
Maps provides no advantage over a physical documentation of signage
in synchronic studies. The third purpose is to analyze the mismatch
between languages in commercial signage and the languages spoken in stores of the
Raval neighborhood and other areas of Ciutat Vella in Barcelona. It
is advised that the Llei de política lingüística,
or Catalan Language Act, is adapted to contexts of high influx of
immigrants to reflect their sociolinguistic reality and to avoid a
perception of Catalan as a fossilized language.
Reframing the question of correlation between the local
linguistic population and urban signage
Authors: Carr Jhonni Rochelle Charisse 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
While some scholars have argued that signage does
not reflect the linguistic population of a particular community, in
this chapter I argue for an empirical reexamination of this claim
and posit four necessary methodological measures: a comparison of
multiple cities, an exhaustive approach to data collection, an
analysis of the dominant language of both the main and informative
sections, and the use of descriptive and inferential statistics. I
apply the proposed model to a case study of three cities in Los
Angeles and a corpus of 4,664 signs. Although the LL will never be a
perfect mirror of the languages spoken in a community, a nuanced
analysis of sign configurations can provide insight regarding local
oral languages to varying extents.
Modelling the drying process in case of combined energy supply
Authors: Antipov S T , Arapov V M , Kazartsev D A , Babaeva M V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In many chemical, food, biochemical and other industries, drying is the prime process that is characterized by high energy consumption and determines the quality of the finished product. In this regard, the development of mathematical models that allow of optimization and reliable control of the drying process is relevant. A large set of physical and physicochemical phenomena accompanying drying, as well as their mutual influence on each other, gives rise to numerous uncertainties in the mathematical description of this process. The modeling process becomes more complicated under conditions of combined energy supply, for example, convective and microwave energy supply. In this article, based on the laws of chemical kinetics, the authors propose the original approach to modeling the drying process, which, together with experimental studies, allows obtaining a reliable mathematical model that can be used as the basis for optimizing and controlling this process. During the mathematical modeling of drying, it was proposed to apply new process parameters: the degree of drying (the share of removed moisture) and the degree of absorbed energy (the ratio of the amount of energy absorbed by the product at a given moment to the amount of energy absorbed by the product during the entire process). The expediency of characterizing the kinetics of drying by the dependence of the degree of drying on the degree of absorbed energy is demonstrated. The scientific hypothesis was substantiated and confirmed: the generalized characteristic, the kinetics of drying - the dependence of the degree of drying on the degree of energy absorbed by the product, does not depend on the parameters characterizing the drying mode. The proposed model makes it possible to determine the ratio of the components of convective and microwave energy flows when moisture is removed from the material, which can be used as the basis for optimization and reliable control of the process.
Possibilities of deep learning neural networks for satellite image recognition
Authors: Averkin A N , Yarushev S A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The main problem solved in this project is the analysis of big data using a system of computer processing and recognition of satellite images, based on a deep neural network architecture. The goal of the project is to develop methodological, theoretical and practical aspects of building such systems in poorly formalized subject areas, as well as to study the possibilities and advantages of building predictive models for analyzing fresh water reserves and predicting the direction, speed and nature of the spread of large fires using such systems. and assessments of the economic impact of these natural disasters.
Diagnostics of operational wear in hybrid load-carrying cables
Authors: Krakowski T , Molski S , Ruta H , Lonkwic P , Tofil A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Along with the development of lifting devices, the new hybrid load-carrying cables were introduced to the market. The solutions of this type covered both, steel ropes of circular section and belts being a hybrid combination of many steel ropes potted with plastic coating into a single flat friction belt. Such design of ropes as compared to the traditional round steel ropes enabled to reduce the drive wheel diameter while maintaining frictional contact conditions and required ratio of the drive wheel and load-carrying cable diameters that is at least 40. Despite the above-mentioned advantages, a research issue that is of interest but so far has not been fully investigated is the process of wear of the hybrid load-carrying cables and evaluation of the technical condition of ropes being the load-carrying elements in the applied solutions, especially during the long-term operation. This article presents the possibilities of applying the magnetic method for evaluation of the technical condition of steel ropes being the load-carrying element of hybrid belts. The authors have presented their solution of the measuring head for magnetic testing of the load-carrying hybrid cables, elaborated by the team of employees of the Department of Machine Engineering and Transport at University of Science and Technology in Cracow, that enables the quantitative assessment of the hybrid load-carrying cable wear.
Reduction of the end-effect in surface texture analysis
Authors: Podulka P 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe edge-effect in the filtering of the results of surface topography measurements is presently one of the most significant and radical challenges in surface texture assessments. Errors in data analysis are next to measurement problems the most affecting factor of the accuracy for the results obtained. This paper investigates reduction of the edge-filtering-effect of cylinder liner surface textures. Different edge-robust data analysis methods were applied and compared with commonly-used procedures, e.g. those available in commercial software of measurement equipment like various regression Gaussian filters. It was assumed that some of surface topography features are more vulnerable for their false estimation when they are edge-locates and their size (depth, width, section) might be a potentially decisive factor in selecting a correct procedure. The influence of the proposed methods on the selected surface topography parameters (from ISO 25178 standard) calculation and their comparison with the typically used procedures (e.g. Gaussian regression filter) was also comprehensively studied. It was found that some of the digital filters, commonly recommended for commercial software of measuring equipment, did not always provide consistent or direct results when textures with relatively large valleys were carefully examined.
Comparative study of coal samples from different deposits of Kuzbass
Authors: Zaostrovsky A N , Grabovaya N A , Ismagilov Z R , Mikhaylova E S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this work, the objects of the study were CWC coals (coking weakly caking coals). The samples were characterized by technical analysis, which showed that the coals are close in ash content (Ad = 3.4-8.4%) and the yield of volatiles (Vdaf = 18.4-21.4%). Petrographic analysis determined the vitrinite reflection index (Ro, r), which showed that the studied coals, according to the genetic classification, belong to the 11-13 class, corresponding to the CWC grade coals. Based on the vitrinite reflectance index, reflectograms were compiled, which are an effective means of assessing the quality of coal.
Investigation of the structural characteristics of vitrinites of some coals of the Kuznetsk Basin
Authors: Ismagilov Z R , Popova A N , Fedorova N I 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this work, the structural parameters of vitrinites of coal of various degrees of metamorphism were investigated by X-ray diffraction methods. Vitrinite concentrates were obtained from coal of the Kuznetsk Basin by the method of fractional analysis of coals, according to which the studied fuel is stratified into fractions in liquids of different densities. The following X-ray structural parameters were analyzed: the number of carbon atoms in the lamellae (natC), the longitudinal size of the lamellae, the height of their stacking (La and Lc), the number of polyaromatic layers in the stack (N), and the packing density of the lamellae (ρ). It was shown that in vitrinite concentrates, an increase in all analyzed structural parameters (Lc, La, natC, N, ρ) is observed with an increase in the degree of metamorphism, at the same time, a decrease in the value of the interplanar distance (d002) is observed. The performed X-ray diffraction studies showed that the average number of layers in a package and carbon atoms per monolayer in the samples of vitrinite concentrates of bituminous coals of high stages of metamorphism (Ro, r = 1.41%) varies from 7 to 8 and 14-15, respectively. A correlation was found between the linear nature of the number of arene layers and the height of their packing. The results obtained are in good agreement with the literature data given for coals of various deposits.
Determination of the parameters of the porous structure of carbon sorbents based on Kuzbass fossil coals by the method of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption
Authors: Dudnikova Y N , Zykov I Yu , Sozinov S A , Ismagilov Z R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper presents a technique for measuring the parameters of the porous structure of carbon sorbents obtained on the basis of Kuzbass fossil coals using an ASAP 2020 “Micromeritics” analyzer. The conditions for sample preparation were selected, which make it possible to record reproducible isotherms of low-temperature adsorption-desorption of nitrogen (77K) by the studied samples of carbon sorbents based on fossil coal of various grades. The textural characteristics of the porous structure of carbon sorbents were determined, such as the specific surface area (SBET, m2/g), the total pore volume (VΣ, cm3/g), the volume of micro-and mesopores (Vmicro, Vmeso, cm3/g) of the studied carbon sorbents. The textural characteristics of the porous structure of carbon sorbents were calculated from the obtained isotherms of low-temperature (77K) nitrogen adsorption-desorption. The textural characteristics of carbon sorbents were calculated by various methods implemented by the software of the ASAP 2020 analyzer “Micromeritics”: BET, Langmuir, DFT, t-Plot, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Dubinin-Astakhov, MP-method, Horvath-Kawazoe, BJH and Dollimore-Heal. The obtained values of the textural characteristics of the porous structure of carbon sorbents, calculated by various methods, make it possible to obtain more detailed information about the objects of study and to determine the scope of their further application.
Study of the molecular structure of hexane-insoluble asphaltenes in coal tar pitch
Authors: Sozinov S A , Sotnikova L V , Popova A N , Ismagilov Z R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A comprehensive study of the functional-group composition and structure of hexane-insoluble asphaltenes of coal tar pitch was carried out by methods of chemical elemental analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis in combination with chromatography-mass spectrometry. It is shown that a hypothetical macromolecule of asphaltenes can be considered as a set of condensed aromatic nuclei of the peri-condensed type of 7 rings, which have alkyl substituents and connecting bridges consisting on average of 2 carbon atoms. The ratio of various structural units in the asphaltene powder is as follows: for one S-containing structure there are 4-5 N-and 1.3-1.7 O-containing structures. Sulfur atoms are contained in thiophene-like, thermally stable fragments of the structure and pass into the coke residue without decomposition. Oxygen is contained in thermally unstable carboxyl and phenolic groups, which decompose with the release of CO2, as well as in the composition of aromatic ethers that pass into the coke residue. The crystallographic characteristics of ordered structures formed by macromolecules of asphaltenes are studied. The average diameter of the packets is La of about 0.66 nm, with a thickness of Lc ≈ 1.30 nm, the distance between individual layers is d002 ≈ 0.34 nm, the average number of layers in the packages is n ≈ 5-7 pieces. In this case, the crystallinity of asphaltene powders does not exceed 30%. The data obtained by different methods are in good agreement and more fully characterize the structure of macromolecules of asphaltenes of coal tar pitch.
The development of simulating system of robotized technologies for thick and acute coal seams
Authors: Starodubov A N , Sinoviev V V , Klishin V I 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This work is the solution of a task of creation of information system for robotized technologies of coal seams production in coal mines, which have difficult geological factors – thick seams with use of progressive technology – subvel caving output in under-excavated layer. Software development stages are shown. The software allows to increase the efficiency and quality of project decisions for coal mines through visualization and interaction of a process of decisions making based on simulating.
Summary of thermosetting composite material welding
Authors: Cui X , Tian L , Wang D S , Dong J P 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Thermosetting composites are widely used in structural parts of aerospace industry. The research of thermosetting composites is also developing continuously, but the connection modes of thermosetting composites needs to be innovative. Mechanical fastening, adhesive bonding and melt welding are the commonly used connections. However, mechanical fastening and adhesive bonding have many disadvantages. Such as drilling, it not only makes fiber fracture, but also destroys composite materials. In adhesive bonding, surface treatment and bonding cycle need a lot of manpower. As time goes by, the bonding strength of the joint gradually decreases. Welding technology has great advantages in assembling and joining thermoset composites (TSC). Different from other review papers, this paper mainly discusses two methods of the surface of the Thermoset composites laminate to be coasted with a thermoplastic layer for the main welding method (resistance welding, ultrasonic welding), Thermoplastic hybrid interlayer and Thermoplastic film co-cure. The problem of thermal degradation of Thermoset composites in welding is discussed.
Analysis on characteristics of tectonic stress field of fractured rock mass based on surface joint distribution
Authors: Li Yawei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Tectonic stress is an important factor influencing the development of joints. The tectonic stress in Jijicao is preliminary analyzed based on joints measurement, structural features tracing and stereographic projection. It is considered that the NW and NE trending tectonic systems in the study area belong to the products of different tectonic processes in different times. After intrusion, Jijicao granite rock mass has been forced in normal fault type stress, and the NW steeply dipping joints under vertical maximum principal stress and horizontal minimum principal stress squeezing on NE generated. Thereafter, the in-plate action is adjusted, and the minimum principal stress is deflected from NE to NW, resulting in a steep inclined joint system with the maximum principal stress nearly perpendicular and the minimum principal stress being subjected to NW horizontal extrusion.
Application of Remote Sensing Technology in Land Use Survey of Mining Area
Authors: Yao Zhang , Shaoqiang Guo , Kekuo Yuan , Shunli Han , Zaiqiang Hu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Land Use and Cover Change (LUCC) survey is an important content to understand and study regional ecological environment change. The production and construction of coal mine will have an impact on the local ecological environment. The application of remote sensing technology to select high-resolution images, man-machine interactive interpretation method combined with field investigation verification was used to carry out LUCC in the study area. The current situation investigation can quickly and accurately grasp the land use types and distribution characteristics of the study area, and provide a reference for the rational land development and ecological environment protection in the process of coal mine production and construction in the future.
The failure mechanism of gentle incline rock slope during the process of rock cell retreating
Authors: daoqiu Huang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The main inducement for collapse disaster of gentle incline rock slope is differential weathering, and for rock breakage of it is rock cell. On the study of gentle incline rock slope in this paper, we established the mechanics mode of arbitrary rock in gentle incline rock slope, analyzed the failure mechanism of gentle incline rock slope during the process of rock cell retreat, and established the distinguish method of its stability based on fracture mechanics. Then, taking the rock mass slope of JIMINGSHAN in CHENGKOU as an example, analyzed the stability change law of each rock block during the process of rock cell retreated. The study result of this essay can provide certain theoretical foundation for the prevention of disaster of gentle incline rock slope.