bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of progress toward universal health coverage in Myanmar: A national and subnational analysis
Authors: Nikoloski Zlatko , McGuire Alistair , Mossialos Elias 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundUniversal health coverage (UHC) encompasses 2 main components: access to essential healthcare services and protection from financial hardship when using healthcare. This study examines Myanmar’s efforts to achieve UHC on a national and subnational level. It is a primer of studying the concept of UHC on a subnational level, and it also establishes a baseline for assessing future progress toward reaching UHC in Myanmar.Methods and findingsThe study uses the Demographic and Health Survey (2015) and the Myanmar Living Conditions Survey (MLCS; 2017) and adapts a previously developed UHC index to provide insights into the main barriers preventing the country’s progress toward UHC. We find a negative correlation between the UHC index and the state/region poverty levels. The equity of access analysis reveals significant pro-rich inequity in access to all essential healthcare services. Socioeconomic status and limited availability of healthcare infrastructure are the main driving forces behind the unequal access to interventions that are crucial to achieving UHC by 2030. Finally, financial risk protection analysis shows that the poor are less likely to use healthcare services, and, once they do, they are at a greater risk of suffering financial catastrophe. Limitations of this study revolve around its correlational, rather than causal, nature.ConclusionsWe suggest a 2-pronged approach to help Myanmar achieve UHC: Government and state authorities should reduce the financial burden of seeking healthcare, and, coupled with this, significant investment in and expansion of health infrastructure and the health workforce should be made, particularly in the poorer and more remote states.
Evaluating the diagnostic test accuracy of molecular xenomonitoring methods for characterising the community burden of Onchocerciasis
Authors: Pryce Joseph , Unnasch Thomas R. , Reimer Lisa J. 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundMolecular xenomonitoring (MX), the detection of parasite nucleic acid in the vector population, is recommended for onchocerciasis surveillance in elimination settings. However, the sensitivity of MX for detecting onchocerciasis-positive communities has not previously been evaluated. MX may have additional applications for control programmes but its utility is restricted by a limited understanding of the relationship between MX results and human prevalence.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of studies reporting the prevalence ofOnchocerca volvulusDNA in wild-caughtSimuliumspp. flies (MX rate) and corresponding prevalence of microfilaria (mf) in humans. We evaluated the sensitivity of MX for detecting onchocerciasis-positive communities and describe the characteristics of studies with reduced sensitivity. We conducted a linear regression to evaluate the relationship between mf prevalence and MX rate.ResultsWe identified 15 relevant studies, with 13 studies comprising 34 study communities included in the quantitative analyses. Most communities were at advanced stages towards elimination and had no or extremely low human prevalence. MX detected positive flies in every study area with >1% mf prevalence, with the exception of one study conducted in the Venezuelan Amazonian focus. We identified a significant relationship between the two measurements, with mf prevalence accounting for half of the variation in MX rate (R20.50, p<0.001).ConclusionMX is sensitive to communities with ongoing onchocerciasis transmission. It has potential to predict human mf prevalence, but further data is required to understand this relationship, particularly from MX surveys conducted earlier in control programmes before transmission has been interrupted.
Female adolescents living with HIV telling their story through ‘my story’ book in Malawi: A visual methodology innovation
Authors: Mwalabu Gertrude , Mbendera Ida , Petrucka Pammla , Manjanja Violet 
Published: October 2021

Introduction
Female adolescents living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus are a unique population facing lifelong challenges in reproductive and sexual health ranging from relational, social and legal-ethical considerations. While HIV prevalence of young females is higher than the males (4.9% versus 1%), evidence show that these adolescents in Malawi initiate sex as early as 15 years mostly with adult partners. Yet, young people are frequently reported to be reluctant to discuss sexual matters and demonstrate avoidance of direct questions on sexual issues during interviews. It is critical therefore that researchers invoke youth-friendly approaches to address these complex issues and enable these vulnerable individuals to articulate and advocate for their preferred futures.

Methods
This study used an innovative visual qualitative approach known as ‘my story’ book which combined image selection and sentence completion exercises to enable adolescents living with HIV to share their stories through interviews. The study involved 14 cases comprising of 14 female adolescents aged 15 to 19, 14 caregivers and 14 health providers working at HIV multidisciplinary centres in Malawi.

Results
The ‘my story’ book enabled in-depth exploration of the experiences and issues faced by this vulnerable population. The use of images and sentence completion exercise enabled the researcher to appreciate the type of interactions (or lack of) on sexual issues and status disclosure to significant others including sexual partners. Three themes were revealed, included creating meanings, revealing confirmatory and/or complementary evidence and enabling intergenerational research.

Conclusions
The ‘my story’ book captured the life experiences and needs of the female adolescents. The book assisted the participants in constructing, communicating, and controlling the articulation of their stories. It positioned female adolescents as a diverse group of social agents able to construct and reflect on their social worlds and real-life issues. This approach was highly effective in creating a youth-friendly context for reflection and revelation regarding sensitive cultural and social issues faced by this group. As such, the ‘my story’ book could be used in one-on-one counselling or provide data to inform intervention development.
Association between antenatal care utilization pattern and timely initiation of postnatal care checkup: Analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Wassie Gizachew Tadesse , Belete Minyichil Birhanu , Tesfu Azimeraw Arega , Bantie Simachew Animen , Ayenew Asteray Assmie , Endeshaw Belaynew Adugna , Agdie Semaw Minale , Kiros Mengistu Desalegn , Haile Zelalem T. , Haider Mohammad Rifat , Ice Gillian H. 
Published: October 2021

Background
Despite significant public health intervention, maternal mortality remains high in low- and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia. Effective postnatal care is a critical service to reduce maternal mortality. In Ethiopia, only 17% of mothers received postnatal care services in 2016.

Objective
This study examined the association between antenatal care and timely postnatal care checkup among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia.

Methods
The study used the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data. The current study included 4,081 women who give birth in the two years preceding the survey. Chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between antenatal care and timely initiation of postnatal care.

Results
Postnatal care services within 2 days of delivery were received by 16.5% of women. Women who had at least four timely antenatal care visits had higher odds of timely postnatal checkups compared to women who had no antenatal care [adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 2.50; 95% CI 1.42–4.42]. Women who had at least four antennal care visits without timely initiation also had higher odds of postnatal check-up than their counterparts (aOR: 2.46; 95%CI: 1.22–4.97). Other factors significantly associated with timely initiation of PNC were secondary and above education (aOR: 1.64; 95%CI: 1.03–2.60), perceived distance to the nearby health facility as a significant barrier (aOR: 1.55; 95%CI: 1.15–2.09), primiparous (aOR: 0.34; 95%CI: 0.19–0.61) and institutional delivery (aOR: 14.55; 95%CI: 2.21–95.77).

Conclusion
The prevalence of timely initiation of postnatal care in Ethiopia is very low. Women who received recommended antenatal care services had higher odds of timely initiation of postnatal care. Thus, strengthening the existing maternal and child health programs to adhere to the recommended ANC care guidelines may improve the timely initiation of postnatal care.
Invariance of the WHO violence against women instrument among Kenyan adolescent girls and young women: Bayesian psychometric modeling
Authors: Orindi Benedict O. , Ziraba Abdhalah , Bruyneel Luk , Floyd Sian , Lesaffre Emmanuel 
Published: October 2021

Introduction
To make valid comparisons across groups, a measurement instrument needs to be measurement invariant across those groups. The present study evaluates measurement invariance for experience of violence among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in two informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya.

Methods
We used survey data collected from 1,081 AGYW aged 15–22 years from two Nairobi’s informal settlements of Korogocho (n = 617) and Viwandani (n = 464) in 2017 through DREAMS (an initiative aimed at reducing HIV incidence among AGYW with a core package of evidence-based interventions) impact evaluation project. Experience of violence was measured using the 15-item WHO’s violence against women instrument, and factorial (non)invariance assessed within exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) framework. Cross-group measurement invariance was assessed using Bayesian Multiple Indicator Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model across site, age groups, self-reported invitation to participate in DREAMS, marital status, currently in school, education level, religion, ethnic groups, ever had sex, slept hungry at night past 4 weeks, and wealth index.

Results
The mean and median ages of the AGYW were 17.9 years and 17 years, respectively. About 59% reported having had sex and 58% of AGYW were in school. The percentage reporting each act of violence varied from 1.6% (“attacked you with a weapon”) to 26.5% (“insult you or make you feel bad about yourself”). About 44% (n = 474) of participants experienced ≥1 acts of violence, and 2.7% (n = 29) experienced at least half of the 15 acts. The structure underlying the 15 items was configurally similar to that proposed by WHO, with three factors reflecting either psychological, physical, or sexual violence. Noninvariance was detected for five items—spread across the three domains. Three of five items showed noninvariance only for sleeping hungry at night in the past 4 weeks. As the majority of items did not show evidence of noninvariance, differences in latent mean scores likely reflect actual differences and may not be attributable to measurement artifacts.

Conclusions
Using state-of-the-art statistical techniques on a widely used instrument for measuring exposure to violence among women, this study provides support for the subscales of psychological, physical and sexual violence in a Kenyan AGYW population. The instrument supports comparisons across groups within this population. This is crucial when comparing violence against girls/women prevalence rates and to understand challenges and exchange strategies to reduce abuse or violence experienced by AGYW, or women in general.
Myšlení budoucnosti a potřebnost transformativního přístupu ve vzdělávání
Authors: Henderson Laura , Dlouhá Jana 
Published: October 2021

Článek se věnuje potřebě transformovat vzdělávání, aby se podpořila osobní angažovanost žáků potřebná k nastartování společenských změn k udržitelné budoucnosti. Autoři se zabývají perspektivou budoucnosti ve školním vzdělávání – ukazuje, jak bychom mohli podpořit studenty při překonávání apokalyptických vizí budoucnosti, a/nebo omezit spoléhání se na technokratická řešení, která je zbavují odpovědnosti, protože neposkytují žádný prostor pro představu o tom, jak je možné aktivně přispívat a spolupracovat na utváření budoucnosti. Zkoumáme způsoby, jak žáci mohou kriticky zpochybnit dogma, že „neexistuje alternativa“ k současnému dominantnímu, sebezničujícímu systému, a poskytujeme přehled pedagogických přístupů, které podporují žáky v kritickém hodnocení vlastních hodnot a zapojují jejich představivost tak, že vytváří alternativní vize budoucnosti. Článek nabízí přehled o zdrojích, které poskytují inspirativní příklady k podnícení naší představivosti týkající se toho, co možné a co se již děje. Představuje aktivity, které jednotlivcům a pedagogům zprostředkují porozumění „imaginace“ budoucnosti, a podpoří jejich reflexi sebe sama jakožto činitele změny.
High-power ultrafast thin-disk multipass amplifiers for efficient laser-based manufacturing
Authors: Abdou Ahmed Marwan , Roecker Christoph , Loescher André , Bienert Florian , Holder Daniel , Weber Rudolf , Onuseit Volkher , Graf Thomas 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Thin-disk multipass amplifiers represent one of the most powerful approaches to scale the average and peak powers of ultrafast laser systems. The present paper presents the amplification of picosecond and femtosecond pulses to average powers exceeding 2 and 1 kW, respectively. Second-harmonic generation in lithium-triborate crystals with powers higher than 1.4 kW and 400 W at a wavelength of 515 nm with picosecond and femtosecond pulse durations, respectively, are also reported. Furthermore, third-harmonic generation was demonstrated with output powers exceeding 250 W at a wavelength of 343 nm. Finally, processing of silicon, metals, and polycrystalline diamond with fs pulses at an average power of 1 kW is presented to demonstrate removal rates that are improved by orders of magnitude as compared to state-of-the-art techniques.
Handle with Care: Regulatory Easing in Times of COVID-19
Authors: Valencia Fabián , Varghese Richard , Yao Weijia , Yépez Juan F. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The policy response to the COVID-19 shock included regulatory easing across many jurisdictions to facilitate the flow of credit to the economy and mitigate a further amplification of the shock through tighter financial conditions. Using an intraday event study, this paper examines how stock prices – a key driver of financial conditions – reacted to regulatory easing announcements in a sample of 18 advanced economies and 8 emerging markets. It finds that regulatory easing announcements contributed to looser financial conditions but effects varied across sectors and tools. News about regulatory easing led to lower valuations for financial sector stocks, mainly in jurisdictions with relatively lower capital buffers. These results stand in stark contrast with valuations of non-financial sector stocks, which increased in response to regulatory relief announcements, particularly in industries that are more dependent on bank financing. The effects also differed across tools. Valuations declined and financial conditions tightened following announcements related to easier bank capital regulation while equity valuation rose and financial conditions loosened after those about liquidity regulation.
Selection of oil extraction process from Chlorella species of microalgae by using multi-criteria decision analysis technique for biodiesel production
Authors: Pradana Yano Surya , Sadewo Brilian Ryan , Haryanto Samuel Andar , Sudibyo Hanifrahmawan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the last few decades, the energy crisis has been one of the main concerns related to the lack of long-term petroleum-based reserves as primary energy resources. Biodiesel emerged as a promising alternative. Nowadays, it is produced from edible vegetable oil, thereby causing commodity prices and food security disruption. In this case, microalgae serve as a sustainable and renewable feedstock for their fast growth, high lipid content, and CO2 absorbing agent. Five processes are applied on the production of microalgae-based biodiesel, namely cultivation, harvesting, extraction, conversion, and refinement. There is currently limited study on technology selection on industrial-scale technology for oil extraction from Chlorella spp. of microalgae. Therefore, this study aims to review and select the most suitable technology using simple multi-attribute rating technique extended to ranking – multi-criteria decision analysis (SMARTER-MCDA). Preliminary studies showed that conventional organic solvent extraction (COE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), electric pulse extraction (EPE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) were the most promising technologies. These technologies required a series of evaluations using SMARTER-MCDA with several criteria, including easy scalability, extraction productivity, energy input, additional compound, and environmental impact. The result ranking showed that MAE technology was selected as the most suitable technology for oil extraction from Chlorella spp.
„Blicken wir in die Originalausgabe!“
Authors: Jansohn Christa , Plachta Bodo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
With his contributions both to textual criticism and editorial methodology, Michael Bernays substantially shaped the field of scholarly editorial practice in the nineteenth century. While his treatise of 1866, Über Kritik und Geschichte des Goetheschen Textes (On the Critical Reception and History of Goethe’s Texts), has come to be recognized as one of ‘foundational’ documents of editorial theory and practice, his 1872 analysis of the gestation and emergence of August Wilhelm Schlegel’s Shakespeare translations (Zur Entstehungsgeschichte des Schlegelschen Shakespeare –
The Creation of Schlegel’s Shakespeare), as well as his conception of a new and revised edition of the Schlegel-Tieck translation (1871–1873, 1892), have both until now attracted very little attention. This article attempts to provide a more precise account of Bernays’ text-critical methodology, and to set his editorial deliberations over the Schlegel-Tieck translation in the broader context of contemporary endeavours to create a ‘German’ Shakespeare.
Enhanced prompt trigger optical switching using nonlinear photonic crystal ring resonator for application on all-optical AND/NAND and OR/NOR logic function
Authors: Bouaouina Mohamed Salah , Lebbal Mohamed Redha , Bouchemat Mohamed , Bouchemat Touraya 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, the development of optical telecommunication systems requires more efficient all-optical elements appreciation to their high data transmission speeds and reduced electromagnetic interferences. In this work, our objective is to attest by simulation a design of an optical switch using 2D photonic crystals from polystyrene, an organic polymeric material with high Kerr non-linearity. This excellent ultra-fast switching leads us to the exploited in the construction of two new structures of all-optical AND/NAND and OR/NOR logic gates. These structures based on non-linear ring resonator NRR of different radius in order to operate a telecom wavelength of 1550.3 µm using RSoft (Full-Wave) software. The average contrast intensity is between 15.52 and 23.42 dB and low delay time varied from 20 fs to 5.0 ps. Hence, resulting a very high output signal for ON-switching (82–130% of P
in) and a weak signal for OFF-switching (0.2–7% of P
in) through a minimum threshold power around of 1.2 mW/μm2.
Epitranscriptomic modifications in acute myeloid leukemia: m6A and 2′-O-methylation as targets for novel therapeutic strategies
Authors: Pauli Cornelius , Kienhöfer Michael , Göllner Stefanie , Müller-Tidow Carsten 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Modifications of RNA commonly occur in all species. Multiple enzymes are involved as writers, erasers and readers of these modifications. Many RNA modifications or the respective enzymes are associated with human disease and especially cancer. Currently, the mechanisms how RNA modifications impact on a large number of intracellular processes are emerging and knowledge about the pathogenetic role of RNA modifications increases. In Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), the N
6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification has emerged as an important modulator of leukemogenesis. The writer proteins METTL3 and METTL14 are both involved in AML pathogenesis and might be suitable therapeutic targets. Recently, close links between 2′-O-methylation (2′-O-me) of ribosomal RNA and leukemogenesis were discovered. The AML1-ETO oncofusion protein which specifically occurs in a subset of AML was found to depend on induction of snoRNAs and 2′-O-me for leukemogenesis. Also, NPM1, an important tumor suppressor in AML, was associated with altered snoRNAs and 2′-O-me. These findings point toward novel pathogenetic mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions. The current knowledge and the implications are the topic of this review.
An Automated Approach to Improve the Quantification of Pericytes and Microglia in Whole Mouse Brain Sections
Authors: Courtney Jo-Maree , Morris Gary P. , Cleary Elise M. , Howells David W. , Sutherland Brad A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhole slide scanning technology has enabled the generation of high-resolution images from complete tissue sections. However, commonly used analysis software is often unable to handle the large data files produced. Here, we present a method using the open-source software QuPath to detect, classify and quantify fluorescently-labeled cells (microglia and pericytes) in whole coronal brain tissue sections. Whole-brain sections from both male and female NG2DsRed x CX3CR1+/GFPmice were analyzed. Small regions of interest were selected and manual counts were compared with counts generated from an automated approach, across a range of detection parameters. The optimal parameters for detecting cells and classifying them as microglia or pericytes in each brain region were determined and applied to annotations corresponding to the entire somatosensory and motor cortices, hippocampus, thalamus, and hypothalamus in each section. 3.74% of all detected cells were classified as pericytes; however, this proportion was significantly higher in the thalamus (6.20%) than in other regions. In contrast, microglia (4.51% of total cells) were more abundant in the cortex (5.54%). No differences were detected between male and female mice. In conclusion, QuPath offers a user-friendly solution to whole-slide image analysis which could lead to important new discoveries in both health and disease.