bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Spectrum Slicing--Wavelength Division Multiplexing Approach for Mitigating Atmospheric Attenuation in Optical Communication
Authors: Arora Dinesh , Saini Hardeep Singh , BHATIA Vinay , KAUR Jagdeep 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Over the last decades, free-space optics (FSO) emerged as a prominent way of communication over radio frequency communication and microwave communication. Working of FSO in comparison with optical fiber cable (OFC) network is the same. The only difference between FSO & OFC is the transmission of an optical beam. The optical beam is transmitted through the free space in the case of FSO. Whereas the transmission of optical beam takes place using OFC core, i.e. glass fiber in the case of OFC. Fog, haze, rain, and clouds in the atmosphere directly affect FSO performance and the power of signal propagation. Further added, the wavelength of propagating beam is based on the size of fog particles which leads to atmospheric attenuation. To mitigate the impact of atmospheric attenuation on signals, the proposed study is based on a spectrum slicing (SS) - wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system with Pre and Post Amplification. The analysis of SS-WDM-Pre and SS-WDM-Post has been done over various values of attenuation. The comparison analysis proves that the SS-WDM-Post is more efficient than both SS-WDM-Pre and traditional SS-WDM in terms of Q-factor.
Impacts of COVID-19 on Sustainable Development Goals and Effective Approaches to Maneuver them in the Post-Pandemic Environment
Authors: Elavarasan Rajvikram Madurai , Pugazhendhi Rishi , Shafiullah GM , Kumar Nallapaneni Manoj , Arif Mohammad Taufiqul , Jamal Taskin , Chopra Shauhrat Singh , Dyduch Joanna 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
To resume the construction of a sustainable world, it is crucial to assess the damage imparted by the pandemic to the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). For this purpose, this study is formulated to assess the endurance of SDGs amidst the reverberating wave of impacts that unfolded from the pandemic, and further, to provide a direction in the post-pandemic environment to effectively progress towards the SDGs. A detailed investigation is carried out to examine the drag resulted due to the pandemic impacts in every goal and a quantified impact analysis is performed in terms of the targets of the SDGs. The results indicate that SDG 1 and SDG 8 are the most impacted goal. To dive deep down into the SDGs, the characterization of SDGs from their elemental point of view such as nature of goals, depending on factors, locus of the goal and SDGs interaction is accomplished. Further, a novel parameter, the degree of randomness is proposed whose application in environmental research is immense. The impact on each goal and impact interaction between all the SDGs are also mapped, through which the dynamics of SDG interaction is elaborated. In context with the post-pandemic scenario, the strategies to achieve the SDGs with environmental focus are presented with prioritization factor that helps in the quick revitalization. This prioritization factor is formulated by employing a multi-criteria analysis methodology. To add to it, the fundamental elements of SDGs are built upon one another to frame an optimized and effective approach to achieve the SDGs in the post-pandemic environment. Despite the strategies, a conceptual framework to align the business practices with the SDGs is propounded. This study deep down would provide a unique perspective to the research community and would impart deeper knowledge in connection with sustainability while the solutions framed would steer the policy and decision-makers.
Construction of immune-related lncRNA signature to predict aggressiveness, immune landscape, and drug resistance of colorectal cancer
Authors: Xue Yonggan , Ning Bobin , Liu Hongyi , Jia Baoqing 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background:Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most common malignancies across the world. Thus far, a biomarker, which can comprehensively predict the survival outcomes, clinical characteristics, and therapeutic sensitivity, is still lacking. Methods: We leveraged retrieved transcriptomic data of CRC from the public database, and constructed irlncRNA pairs. After integrating with clinical survival data, we performed differential analysis and constructed 11 irlncRNA pairs signature using Lasso regression analysis. We next drew the 1-, 5-, 10-year curve line of receiver operating characteristics, calculated the areas under the curve, and recognized the optimal cutoff point. Then, we validated the pair-risk model in terms of the survival outcomes of the patients. Moreover, we tested the reliability of the pair-risk model for predicting tumor aggressiveness and therapeutic responsiveness of CRC. Additionally, we reemployed the 11 of irlncRNAs involved in the pair-risk model to construct an expression risk model that was also highly predictive of prognostic outcomes of CRC patients. Results:We recognized a total of 377 DEirlcRNAs, including 28 low-expressed and 349 high-expressed irlncRNAs in CRC patients. After performing a univariant Cox analysis, we identified 115 risk irlncRNAs that were significantly correlated with survival outcomes of patients with CRC. By taking the intersection of the DEirlcRNAs and the risk irlncRNAs, we ultimately recognized 55 irlncRNA as core irlncRNAs. Then, we established a Cox HR model (pair-risk model) as well as an expression HR model (exp-risk model). We found that both of the two models significantly outperformed the common-used clinical characteristics, including age, T, N, and M stages, in terms of predicting survival outcomes. Moreover, we validated the pair-risk model can serve as a potential tool for studying the tumor microenvironment of CRC and drug response. Additionally, we noticed that combining the pair-risk model and exp-risk model yielded a more robust approach for predicting the survival outcomes of patients with CRC.Conclusions:We suggest that the irlncRNA-based risk models can be utilized as prognostic tools to predict survival outcomes and clinical characteristics and guide treatment regimens of CRC.
Cytotoxicity, Redox and Immune Status in African Catfish, Clarias Gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Exposed to Bisphenol a (BPA) and its Analogues
Authors: Samuel Oluwakemi D. , Adeyemi Joseph , Bamidele Olufemi S. , Barbosa Fernando , Adedire Chris O. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine the comparative toxicities and immune dysfunction in the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus exposed to bisphenol A (BPA) and its two analogues; bisphenol AP (BPAP) and bisphenol P (BPP). Juveniles of C. gariepinus were exposed to sublethal concentrations (70 and 140 μg/L) of BPA, BPAP and BPP for 7, 14, or 21 days after which various endpoints which are indicative of cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, haematological and innate immune parameters were determined in the liver homogenates or blood plasma. The exposure of C. gariepinus to BPA and its analogues caused significant increased activities of lactate dehydrogenase, catalase and superoxide dismutase. The exposed fish had increased levels of DNA fragmentation, lipid peroxidation, white blood cells, nitric oxide and respiratory burst while the red blood cells counts and the percentage packed cell volume decreased significantly in the exposed fish compared to control. The toxic effects elicited by the bisphenols were both concentration- and duration-dependent. Generally, BPA exerted the most toxic effects on the fish, followed by BPAP while BPP exerted the least toxic effect effects to C. gariepinus. Summarily, the findings indicated that BPA and its two analogues studied in the research are capable of causing cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and immune dysfunction in C. gariepinus.
A Comparative Study on Channel Coding Scheme for Underwater Acoustic Communication
Authors: Ahmed Mustafa Sami , Shah Nor Shahida Mohd 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
There are various challenges in underwater acoustic communication (UWA) however bit error rate (BER) is considered as the main challenge as it significantly affects the UWA communication. In this paper, different coding schemes such as Convolution, Turbo, LDPC, and Polar coding based on the t-distribution noise channel are investigated, and binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) modulation with a code rate of 1/2 has considered in the evaluation and analyses. The evaluation of these channel coding schemes is performed based on BER, computational complexity as well as latency. The results have shown the outperform of polar coding in UWA over other channel coding schemes as it has lower BER and lower computational complexity.
Relationship Between Extra-Long Interpregnancy Interval and Adverse Perinatal Outcomes in Chinese Women
Authors: Zeng Miss Jinmei , Chen Riling , He Jieyun , Liang Dongmei , Zhao Xinyu , Lian Tingyu , Yin Mingjuan , Ma Xingyu , Luo Xiaowen , Pan Xueyan , Liao Jia , Zhang Lei , Ni Jindong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective To evaluate the association between extra-long interpregnancy interval and adverse perinatal outcomes. Methods A retrospective cohort study on women experiencing their second delivery between 2017 and 2018 in a maternal and child health hospital was conducted to evaluate the association between the extra-long interpregnancy interval (IPI) and adverse perinatal outcomes. IPI ≥180 months was defined as extra-long IPI. Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the adverse perinatal outcomes in different IPI groups, and compared with the predicted risks at 24–59, 60–119, 120–179, and 180-month IPI, with the 12–23-month interval serving as a reference. Results After adjusting for all possible confounding factors, there was an increased risk of premature rupture of membranes (aOR 1.83, 95% CI 1.13–2.97 and aOR 3.30, 95% CI 1.40–7.74) in the IPI of 60–119 and 120–179 months among women with age-appropriate maternity. However, the effects of extra-long IPI on adverse perinatal outcomes did not significantly differ among women with advanced maternal age. Conclusions These results indicate that long IPI (60–179 month) is an independent risk factor for premature rupture of membranes. Extra-long IPI (≥180 months) was not associated with an increase in major morbidity, but extra-long IPI often coexists with advanced age, so we still need to pay attention to the maternal risk factors associated with extra-long IPI.
Epithelioid Angiosarcoma of the Tibia: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Yao Qianqian , Ge Xubo , Gao Yinghua , Li Changqin , qin jian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background：Epithelioid angiosarcoma (EA) is characterized by epithelioid-like neoplastic cells. In fact, there is little literature regarding EA of bone. Accordingly, this study presents an imaging analysis of a 66-year-old man who suffered from EA in his right tibia.Case presentation: A 66-year-old man developed right ankle pain four months prior to initial evaluation at our institute, which was progressively worsening for six days. All laboratory data were within the reference ranges. Plain radiographs and computed tomography (CT) revealed osteolytic lesions with multiple separations in the distal tibia, measuring 7.9 cm × 4.6 cm × 4.4 cm in size. The lytic lesions were ill-circumscribed and lacked marginal sclerosis. Punctate irregular calcifications and low-density areas were observed within lesion's areas. The cortical bone was irregularly thinned and was discontinuous. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the lesions were heterogeneous. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells expressed the vascular markers CD31, CD34, and factor VIII and revealed 5% positivity for Ki67. Finally, the patient was diagnosed with EA of bone.Conclusions: We reported a case of EA that occurred in the right tibia and summarized the imaging features of EA by reviewing the literature. Although pathological examination remains the gold standard for diagnosing EA, specific imaging features may assist in diagnosis.
Comparison of Gastrojejunostomy with Endoscopic Stenting for Gastric Outlet Obstruction: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Hong Jiaze , Gu Lihu , Li Jiayu , Hu Peidong , Chen Ping , Du Nannan , Huang Tongmin , Chen Jingjie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Gastrojejunostomy (GJ) and endoscopic stenting (ES) are common palliative treatments for gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). This study aimed to determine the optimal intervention modality for malignant GOO by comparing clinical outcomes after GJ and ES.Methods: Two authors independently searched Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for all the relevant articles before February 2021 to compare the clinical outcomes of GOO patients undergoing GJ or ES. The primary outcome was overall survival.Results: This meta-analysis included 31 articles with 2444 GOO patients. Although the GJ group outperformed the ES group in technical success (OR,3.79; P=0.003), clinical success was not significantly different between the two groups (OR,1.25; P=0.50). The GJ group had a longer hospitalization (WMD,7.34; P=0.001), lower re-obstruction (OR, 0.41; P=0.006) and lower reintervention (OR, 0.30; P<0.001). Moreover, this meta-analysis revealed that GJ had a better overall survival than ES in the gastric cancer group (HR, 0.33; P=0.009). However, no significant statistical difference was observed between GJ and ES in the pancreatic cancer group (HR, 0.55; P=0.159).Conclusions: Both GJ and ES are safe and effective intervention modalities for malignant GOO. GJ had significantly improved survival in gastric cancer patients with GOO, while no significant difference was observed between the two groups in pancreatic cancer patients with GOO. Therefore, we recommend that life expectancy should be considered when choosing palliative treatment for malignant GOO (ES or GJ).
Optical solutions and other solutions for Radhakrishnan-Kundu-Laksmannan equation by using improved modified extended tanh-function method
Authors: Elsherbeny Ahmed M. , El–Barkouky Reda , Ahmed Hamdy , El-Hassani Rabab M. I. , Arnous Ahmed H. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper studies Radhakrishnan-Kundu-Laksmannan equation which is used to describe the pulse propagation in optical fiber communications. By using improved modified extended tanh-function method various types of solutions are extracted such as bright solitons, singular solitons, singular periodic wave solutions, Jacobi elliptic solutions, periodic wave solutions and Weierstrass elliptic doubly periodic solutions. Moreover, some of the obtained solutions are represented graphically.
Discovery of Significant Emission of Halogenated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons From Secondary Zinc Smelting
Authors: Yang Yuanping , Yang Lili , Liu Guorui , Zheng Minghui , Yang Qiuting , Liu Shuting 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Chlorinated and brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Cl/Br-PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants, and controlling their adverse effects requires the identification of their sources. However, current knowledge on the formations of Cl/Br-PAHs is far insufficient for source control, much less on their formation mechanisms. In this field study, we firstly discovered secondary zinc smelting as a significant source of Cl/Br-PAHs. The mean concentration of Cl/Br-PAHs emitted in stack gas from secondary zinc smelting was 9,553 ng/m3, exceeding concentrations from other metal smelting sources by one or two orders of magnitude. Cl/Br-PAHs with fewer rings were the dominant congeners in stack gas from secondary zinc smelting and secondary copper smelting. However, emissions from secondary aluminum smelting were dominated by congeners with more rings. The differences in congener profiles were attributable to the catalytic effects of metal compounds during smelting activities. Zinc oxide and copper oxide dominantly catalyzed dehydrogenation reactions, contributing to the formation of intermediate radicals and subsequent dimerization to Cl/Br-PAHs with fewer rings. Aluminum oxide induced alkylation reactions and accelerated ring growth, resulting in the formation of Cl-PAHs with more rings. The newly proposed mechanisms can successfully explain the emission characteristics of Cl/Br-PAHs during smelting activities and the higher concentrations of Cl/Br-PAHs from secondary zinc smelting, which should be useful in targeted source control.
Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Pediatric Acute Liver Failure
Authors: Yang Chun-Feng , Yu-Ao  , Jin Lin-Mei , Li Yumei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We aims to assess the efficacy and safety of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in pediatric acute liver failure (PALF) and to examine possible risk factors for mortality. Similar data are limited in PALF. Thirty-three cases diagnosed with PALF who received TPE from June 2011 to June 2021 in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of the First Hospital of Jilin University were included in this retrospective cohort analysis. Descriptive statistics were used for the clinical features of these patients and TPE related variables. The effect of TPE was measured by the difference tests before and after treatment. Survivors with native livers and nonsurvivors were also compared by the difference tests. In the TPE combined with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) group (21/33, 63.6%), the patients were older, and more patients had multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (76.2% vs 25%, P =0.009) and a greater need for mechanical ventilation (86.2% vs 8.3%, P ＜0.001). TPE can significantly reduce alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, and international normalized ratio . The most common complication in the overall population was hypocalcemia (n=12, 36%), while the most common complication in children under 2 years of age was hypotension (n=3, 40%). The mortality of liver transplant-free patients was 10/30 (30%). The nonsurvivor group had significantly more failed organs, longer PICU stays and more patients requiring ventilatory support. ConclusionsTPE alone or combined with CRRT can effectively improve liver function and may reduce mortality. TPE can be performed relatively safely in critically ill children, including younger patients.
Polymicrobial Synergy Stimulates Porphyromonas Gingivalis Survival And Gingipain Expression In A Multispecies Subgingival Community
Authors: Davies Julia R. , Kad Trupti , Neilands Jessica , Kinnby Bertil , Prgomet Zdenka , Bengtsson Torbjörn , Khalaf Hazem , Svensäter Gunnel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Dysbiosis in subgingival microbial communities, resulting from increased inflammatory transudate from the gingival tissues, is an important factor in initiation and development of periodontitis. Dysbiotic communities are characterized by increased numbers of bacteria that exploit the serum-like transudate for nutrients, giving rise to a proteolytic community phenotype. Here we investigate the contribution of interactions between members of a sub-gingival community to survival and development of virulence in a serum environment - modelling that in the subgingival pocket. Methods Growth and proteolytic activity of three P. gingivalis strains in nutrient-rich broth or a serum environment were assessed using A600 and a fluorescent protease substrate, respectively. Adherence of P. gingivalis strains to serum-coated surfaces was studied with confocal microscopy and 2D-gel electrophoresis of bacterial supernatants used to investigate extracellular proteins. A model multi-species sub-gingival community containing Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus constellatus, Parvimonas micra with wild type or isogenic mutants was then created and growth and proteolytic activity in serum assessed as above. Community composition over time was monitored using culture techniques and qPCR. Results The P. gingivalis strains showed different growth rates in nutrient-rich broth related to the level of proteolytic activity (largely gingipains) in the cultures. Despite being able to adhere to serum-coated surfaces, none of the strains was able to grow alone in a serum environment. In the subgingival consortium however, all the included species were able to grow in the serum environment and the community adopted a proteolytic phenotype. Inclusion of P. gingivalis strains lacking gingipains in the consortium revealed that the ability of the community to grow was largely due to Rgp gingipain. Conclusions In the multi-species consortium, growth was facilitated by the wild-type and Rgp-expressing strains of P. gingivalis, suggesting that Rgp is involved in delivery of nutrients to the whole community through degradation of complex serum substrates. Whereas they are constitutively expressed by P. gingivalis in nutrient-rich broth, gingipain expression in the model periodontal pocket environment (serum) appears to be orchestrated through signaling to P. gingivalis from other members of the community, a phenomenon which can then promote growth of the whole community.
Biochar From Feedstock: A Strategy To Improve Agronomic Performances And Microbial Biomass of Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum I.) Plant.
Authors: ADEBAJO Seun , OLUWATOBI Folasade , AKINTOKUN Pius , OJO Abidemi , AKINTOKUN Ronke , GBODOPE Ige 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Tomato is beneficial to human health because it contains valuable vitamins such as vitamins A, C and several minerals. However, to meet up with the demands of the ever increasing population, there is need to improve tomato production. This research, investigated the impact of biochar derived from rice husk on agronomic performances of tomato plant. The rice husk biochar pyrolysed at 350 ºC was amended with soil at four different application rates: 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 t/ha. Physicochemical property of soil was conducted using Mid Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy method. Impact of biochar on Microbial Biomass Carbon, Microbial Biomass Nitrogen and Microbial Biomass Phosphorous was conducted using fumigation extraction method and monitored at three functional stages. Biochar application appreciably increase the soil physicochemical properties such as pH, Ca, Na, H+, S, P, B, Zn and cation exchangeable capacity. Biochar amended soil significantly enhanced tomato height, fruit yields and weight. The ratio of Microbial biomass C: N: P for biochar amended soil at 7.5 t/ha (B3) was 302.30: 18.81: 11.75 µg/g, compared to control, which was 242.12: 18.30: 11.49 µg/g. This study revealed that biochar amendments significantly (p < 0.05) increased the yields and microbial biomass of tomato plant.
Sustainable removal of soil arsenic by naturally-formed iron oxides on plastic tubes
Authors: Yuan Zhao-Feng , Pu Tong-Yao , Jin Chen-Yu , Feng Wei-Jia , Wang Jia-Yue , Gustave Williamson , Bridge Jonathan , Cheng Yi-Li , Tang Xianjin , Zhu Yong-Guan , Chen Zheng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Arsenic (As) pollution in paddy fields is a major threat to rice safety. Existing As remediation techniques are costly, require external chemical addition and degrade soil properties. Here, we report the use of plastic tubes as a recyclable tool to precisely extract As from contaminated soils. Following insertion into flooded paddy soils, polyethylene (PE) tube walls were covered by thin but massive Fe coatings of 76.9-367 mg Fe m-2 in 2 weeks, which adsorbed significant amounts of As as well as lead and antimony. The formation of tube-wall Fe oxides was driven by local Fe-oxidizing bacteria with oxygen produced by oxygenic phototrophs (e.g., Cyanobacteria) or diffused from air through the tube wall. The tubes with As-bound Fe oxides can be easily separated from soil and then recycled. We tested the As removal efficiency in a pilot experiment to remove As from ~ 20 cm depth / 80 kg soils in a two-year experiment and achieved an overall efficiency of 152 mg As m-2 soil year-1. The As accumulated in rice tissues was significantly decreased in the treatment. This work provides a low-cost and sustainable soil remediation method for the targeted removal of As from soils and a useful tool for the study and management of the biogeochemical Fe cycle in paddy soils.