bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The data filtering based multiple‐stage Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm for Hammerstein nonlinear systems
Authors: Ji Yan , Kang Zhen , Liu Ximei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article considers the parameter identification problem of multiple‐input single‐output Hammerstein nonlinear systems. Applying the data filtering technique, the input–output data are filtered. The filtered system is decomposed into multiple subsystems with fewer variables by using the hierarchical identification principle. The data filtering based multiple‐stage Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm is proposed for interactively identifying each subsystem. Finally, a numerical simulation example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Rapid Zeolization of Potassic Rocks by Means of a Microwave‐Assisted Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Liu Yang , Liu Shanfang , Li Yun , Cao Jilin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPotassic rocks are rapidly activated and converted to cancrinite (CAN) zeolites in NaOH solution via microwave‐assisted hydrothermal (MH) method. The conditions of zeolization process via MH method are optimized, and the mechanism is illustrated. The phase transition process of potassic rocks is obtained as follows: decomposition of the potassic rocks→zeolite sodalite→zeolite CAN. In this process, the microwave exerts a reinforcement effect by generating the cleavage cracks on the surface of potassic rocks and accelerating the dissolution and crystallization processes. The synthesized zeolite CAN exhibits the maximum adsorption capacity of 6.5 mg g−1for methylene blue. In addition, the filtrate is further used to prepare linda type A (LTA) zeolites by conventional hydrothermal synthesis method. The synthesized zeolite LTA presents the cubic morphology with rounded corners, and its Ca2+ion exchange capacity could reach 335.6 mg CaCO3 g−1.
Synthesis and Fluorescence of (E)‐3‐Aryl‐2‐(5‐aryl‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐yl) Acrylonitriles
Authors: Zribi Lazhar , Ismaili Lhassane , Vieira‐Ferreira Luís F. , Ferreira‐Machado Isabel L. , Marco‐Contelles José , Chabchoub Fakher 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHerein we report the synthesis of (E)‐3‐aryl‐2‐(5‐aryl‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐yl)acrylonitriles 3 a–k whose fluorescence properties have been investigated for the first time. A plausible reaction mechanism has been proposed to explain the total observed stereospecific formation of the E‐isomers of compounds 3 a–k. The fluorescence analysis of compounds 3a‐f has revealed relatively low values of the fluorescence emission quantum yields in a range of ∼1 to 10 %, depending in the nature of the substituents.
Regulation of Novel Multi‐Center Ionic Liquids for Synergetically Catalyzing CO2 Conversion into Cyclic Carbonates
Authors: Chang Jie , Liu Yitao , Su Qian , Liu Lei , Deng Lili , Ying Ting , Dong Li , Luo Zhibin , Li Qian , Cheng Weiguo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA family of novel multi‐center ionic liquids (ILs) were designed for the target of efficient transformation of CO2 into cyclic carbonates. The multi‐center structures could expose more active sites than single‐center ones in cycloaddition reaction. Among these ILs, with the chain‐regulation strategy, the multi‐center hexabutylimidazole bromobenzene (BIM‐6) exhibited the performance with 95 % propylene epoxide (PO) conversion and 99 % selectivity (130 °C, 2.5 MPa, ILs amount 0.15 mol%, 1 h). Moreover, the multi‐center ILs showed good reusability after 5 cycles and extensive suitability for different terminal epoxides. Density functional theory (DFT) and noncovalent interactions (NCI) illustrated that hydrogen‐bond formed between the multi‐center ILs and epoxides, together with hindrance of side chain lengths setting bromide free, synergistically activated reactants. Thus, the possible mechanism based on hydrogen‐bond induction and hindrance regulation was proposed. This study provides a new approach for development of highly efficient ILs in the green chemical process.
A Comprehensive Overview on Advanced Sensing Applications of Functional Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs)
Authors: Fathima Fasna P. H. , Sasi Sreesha 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis review intends to encapsulate the advanced developments in the field of sensors based on MOF materials. MOFs possess structural tunability and vast surface area, which are vital for the development of efficient sensors. The energy transfer schemes within the frameworks and their light‐harvesting capacity make MOFs functional, active and integral components in MOF‐based devices. Their chemically tunable framework with precise host‐guest interactions performs a significant role in specific sensing of biomolecules, small organic molecules and metal ions. Depending on the signal transduction schemes, four major classes of MOF‐based sensing devices have been outlined. Also, the significant challenges and restrictions of this research field have been discussed.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Aryl‐Carbamoylation of Alkene‐Tethered Carbamoyl Chlorides: Access to Diverse Aryl‐Functionalized Oxindoles
Authors: Chen Chen , Liu Liying , Sun Wan , Zhu Bolin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUtilizing a palladium‐catalyzed cascade strategy, we have developed an intermolecular aryl‐carbamoylation of unactivated alkenes under mild conditions, allowing for facile access to diverse aryl‐functionalized oxindoles from alkene‐tethered carbamoyl chlorides in moderate to good yields.
Nanoconfined Topochemical Conversion from MXene to Ultrathin Non‐Layered TiN Nanomesh toward Superior Electrocatalysts for Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Huang Xia , Tang Jiayong , Qiu Tengfei , Knibbe Ruth , Hu Yuxiang , Schülli Tobias U. , Lin Tongen , Wang Zhiliang , Chen Peng , Luo Bin , Wang Lianzhou 
Published: July 2021

Abstract2D non‐layered materials (2DNLMs) featuring massive undercoordinated surface atoms and obvious lattice distortion have shown great promise in catalytic/electrocatalytic applications, but their controllable synthesis remains challenging. Here, a new type of ultrathin carbon‐wrapped titanium nitride nanomesh (TiN NM@C) is prepared using a rationally designed nano‐confinement topochemical conversion strategy. The ultrathin 2D geometry with well‐distributed pores offers TiN NM@C plentiful exposed active sites and rapid charge transfer, leading to outstanding electrocatalytic performance tackling the sluggish sulfur redox kinetics in lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs). LSBs employing TiN NM@C electrocatalyst deliver excellent rate capabilities (e.g., 304 mAh g−1 at 10 C), greatly outperforming that of using TiN nanoparticles embedded in carbon nanosheets (TiN NPs@C) as a benchmark. More impressively, a free‐standing electrode for LSBs with a high sulfur loading of 7.3 mg cm−2 is demonstrated, showing a high peak areal capacity of 5.6 mAh cm−2 at a high current density of 6.1 mA cm−2. This work provides a new avenue for the facile and controllable fabrication of 2DNLMs with impressive electrocatalysis for LSBs as well as other energy conversion and storage technologies.
L‐Arg‐Rich Amphiphilic Dendritic Peptide as a Versatile NO Donor for NO/Photodynamic Synergistic Treatment of Bacterial Infections and Promoting Wound Healing
Authors: Zhu Jingwu , Tian Jiang , Yang Chao , Chen Junpeng , Wu Lihuang , Fan Mengni , Cai Xiaojun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe development of alternative strategies for the efficient treatment of subcutaneous abscesses that do not require the massive use of antibiotics and surgical intervention is urgently needed. Herein, a novel synergistic antibacterial strategy based on photodynamic (PDT) and NO gas therapy is reported, in which, a PDT‐driven NO controllable generation system (Ce6@Arg‐ADP) is developed with l‐Arg‐rich amphiphilic dendritic peptide (Arg‐ADP) as a carrier. This carrier not only displays superior bacterial association and biofilm penetration performance, but also acts as a versatile NO donor. Following efficient penetration into the interior of the biofilms, Ce6@Arg‐ADP can rapidly produce massive NO via utilizing the H2O2 generated during PDT to oxidize Arg‐ADP to NO and l‐citrulline, without affecting singlet oxygen (1O2) production. The combination of 1O2 and the reactive by‐products of NO offers notable synergistic antibacterial and biofilm eradication effects. Importantly, following efficient elimination of all bacteria from the abscess site, Arg‐ADP can further generate trace quantities of NO to facilitate the angiogenesis and epithelialization of the wound tissues, thereby notably promotes wound healing. Together, this study clearly suggests that Arg‐ADP is a versatile NO donor, and the combination of PDT and NO represents a promising strategy for the efficient treatment of subcutaneous abscesses.
Touch‐Talk‐Text: Science Practices and Language for Reading Comprehension
Authors: Grifenhagen Jill F. , Carrier Sarah J. , Scharen Danielle R. , Fiocca Stephanie J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractElementary teachers are tasked with teaching the language and literacy strategies and skills leading to reading comprehension while also teaching disciplinary content that is the subject of texts, frequently with limited instructional time. Prior research demonstrates that an integrated approach to science and literacy instruction featuring authentic, hands‐on science experiences increases student learning. The authors have developed an instructional framework, Touch‐Talk‐Text, for elementary classrooms. This framework emphasizes student engagement in authentic science practices integrated with meaningful science discourse and connected to comprehending science‐related texts to support comprehension. The authors provide two examples of how this framework has been enacted in classrooms, one from lower elementary and one from upper elementary grades, and share strategies for how classroom teachers can implement it into their current science and literacy teaching practices.
Performance of commercial PCR assays to detect toxigenic Clostridioides difficile in the feces of puppies
Authors: Anis Eman , Barnart Denise , Barnard Amanda , Kelly Donna J. , Redding Laurel E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractClostridioides difficile is an important enteric pathogen that causes significant morbidity and mortality in humans. With community‐acquired infections on the rise, it is important to identify reservoirs of the pathogen. Companion animals can be asymptomatic carriers of C. difficile and may therefore represent a reservoir, but epidemiological studies of C. difficile within the pet‐owner unit are needed, along with validated methods to detect C. difficile in both people and animals. The goal of this study was to assess the performance of commercial qPCR assays and a multiplex PCR for C. difficile compared to toxigenic culture. These assays were tested on up to 103 fecal samples from puppies, a population in which the prevalence of C. difficile is the highest. The sensitivities, specificities, positive predictive values and negative predictive values were respectively 84.2%, 87.7%, 61.5%, and 95.9% for the Cepheid GeneXpert; 66.7%, 66.7%, 29.6%, and 90.9% for the DiaSorin Simplexa; and 94.4%, 85.0%, 65.4%, and 98.1%, for the multiplex qPCR. The agreement was highest between the GeneXpert and the multiplex PCR (90.1% agreement, with a kappa statistic of 0.77). For diagnostic purposes, the positive predictive values of the assays were low. However, the high sensitivities of the assays could render them useful for epidemiologic purposes.
Effects of temperature, pH, feed, and fertilizer draw solution concentrations on the performance of forward osmosis process for textile wastewater treatment
Authors: Karunakaran Aghilesh , Mungray Alka A. , Garg Manoj Chandra 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWater is crucial for enhancing the yield of agricultural land to meet the growing demand. Forward osmosis (FO) is a developing technology that utilizes the natural osmotic gradient of solutions. In this study, fertilizer drawn FO setup was considered by using potassium chloride (KCl) as the draw solution (DS) for treating textile wastewater as the feed solution (FS). This study investigated the effects of FS temperature, pH, and FS and DS concentrations. The performance investigation involved the study in terms of water flux, reverse salt flux, and specific reverse salt flux. DS and FS properties, osmotic potential, and temperature played a vital role in the performance. At 30°C FS temperature, the highest water flux (5.5 LMH) was observed. Reverse salt flux increased due to the increase in solute diffusivity. The highest value of water flux was obtained at a DS of 1.150 M and FS of 1000 mg/L. The permeation of water improved due to the difference in DS and FS concentrations at pH values above 7. The results of this study suggest that KCl as DS has a higher potential for the treatment of textile wastewater at a temperature of 30°C. Additionally, the functional groups attached to the FO membrane were identified through Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic study.Practitioner points

Treatment of textile wastewater with the use of fertilizer draw solution (KCl) by forward osmosis process as carried out.
The performance was assessed in terms of water flux, reverse salt flux, and specific reverse salt flux.
The effects of feed and fertilizer draw solution concentrations; pH and temperature were evaluated on the performance of FO process.
The effect of iron decorated MWCNTs and iron‐ionic liquid decorated MWCNTs onto thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate
Authors: Kechit Hocine , Belkhiri Samir , Bhakta Arvind Kumar , Trache Djalal , Mekhalif Zineb , Tarchoun Ahmed Fouzi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the present study, the effect of four nanocatalysts, namely, purified multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), MWCNTs functionalized with ionic liquid (MWCNTs‐IL), MWCNTs decorated with iron nanoparticles (Fe‐MWCNTs) and the hybrid Fe‐MWCNTs‐IL on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) is highlighted. Firstly, MWCNTs are purified and impregnated under infrared irradiation followed by calcinations to obtain Fe‐MWCNTs. Secondly, a green ionic liquid (IL), based on choline chloride and urea is synthesized and used for the functionalization of MWCNTs and Fe‐MWCNTs to obtain MWCNTs‐IL and Fe‐MWCNTs‐IL, respectively. Subsequently, these nanomaterials at a ratio of 1 wt.% are introduced to AP to assess their catalytic effect using DSC and TG analyses. The obtained results highlight the catalytic effect of the functionalized MWCNTs on the thermal decomposition of AP for which a decrease in decomposition temperature of 10.7, 48.4 and 49.9 °C with an increase in decomposition enthalpy of 56.76, 689.99 and 861.11 J/g for AP supplemented with MWCNTs‐IL, Fe‐MWCNTs and Fe‐MWCNTs‐IL, respectively. Furthermore, the calculation of the kinetic parameters confirms that the best catalytic effect is obtained with the Fe‐MWCNTs‐IL hybrid, revealing the synergistic effect of iron and ionic liquid. This combination allows obtaining the lowest activation energy (∼120 kJ/mol).
“X-8”: An Experimental Interactive Toy to Support Turn-Taking Games in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Özcan Beste , Sperati Valerio , Giocondo Flora , Baldassarre Gianluca 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTurn-taking is a type of interaction where two individuals alternate a behaviour (e.g. during a conversation). Such competence – which is a foundamental key in the social behaviour – is often compromised in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs). Neurodevelopmental therapists report how it is extremely difficult to teach this skill to young ASDs, yet it would be very important. In the current proposal we present an early prototype of interactive toy called X-8: it is a soft, wearable, six-legged octopus able to distinguish between two people, and produce different luminous patterns according to the user who is touching it. The toy can then potentially support therapists in set up sensory-motor games based on turn-taking rules. A first proof of concept is described and possible activities are proposed.
The Once-Only Principle: A Matter of Trust
Authors: Krimmer Robert , Prentza Andriana , Mamrot Szymon , Schmidt Carsten 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Single Market is one of the cornerstones of the European Union. The idea to transform it into a Digital Single Market (DSM) was outlined several years ago. The EU has started different initiatives to support this transformation process. One of them is the program Horizon 2020 to support the process from a technical point of view. In parallel to this, initiatives were started to set up a sound legal framework for the DSM. The Single Digital Gateway Regulation (SDGR) is an outcome of these initiatives. The key aspect of the SDGR is the underlying Once-Only Principle (OOP), outlining that businesses and citizens in contact with public administrations have to provide data only once. “The Once-Only Principle Project (TOOP)” is the EU-funded project initiated for research, testing, and implementation of the OOP in Europe. The authors give an overview of the research questions of the different parts of TOOP. Besides that, they introduce the other chapters of this book and what the reader can expect as the content of them.
The Future of the Once-Only Principle in Europe
Authors: Krimmer Robert , Prentza Andriana , Mamrot Szymon , Schmidt Carsten , Cepilovs Aleksandrs 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Single Digital Gateway Regulation (SDGR) and the underlying Once-Only Principle (OOP) outline that businesses and citizens in contact with public administrations have to provide data only once. The chapter gives an overview based on the findings of the EU-funded “The Once-Only Principle Project (TOOP)”. The authors summarise the developments related to the once-only principle and the SDGR in Europe. They also outline a vision for the future of the OOP in Europe. The vision is based on the analysis and the key take-aways from the previous chapters of this book. It also highlights the next steps to further improve the technical and legal basis and the chances given by the update of the eIDAS regulation. Furthermore, an opportunity for the sustainability of the OOP and the TOOP is described.
Implementation of the ‘Once-Only’ Principle in Europe – National Approach
Authors: Mamrot Szymon , Rzyszczak Katarzyna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe ‘once-only’ principle (OOP) in the context of the public sector means that citizens and businesses supply data only once to a public administration. The role of public administrations is to internally share these data also across borders so that no additional burden falls on citizens and businesses. This paper presents what steps are taken to implement the OOP both on the European and national level. The national approach in European countries towards implementing the OOP is analysed and compared in terms of legislation, strategies and infrastructure. The most important benefits of the OOP are described as well. One of the most important initiatives in Europe to explore and demonstrate the OOP in practice is the TOOP project. The paper presents how TOOP technical solution is practically implemented within three pilot areas: general business mobility, e-procurement, maritime domain.
Warped information and entanglement islands in AdS/WCFT
Authors: Caceres Elena , Kundu Arnab , Patra Ayan K. , Shashi Sanjit 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We use the notion of double holography to study Hawking radiation emitted by the eternal BTZ black hole in equilibrium with a thermal bath, but in the form of warped CFT2 degrees of freedom. In agreement with the literature, we find entanglement islands and a phase transition in the entanglement surface, but our results differ significantly from work in AdS/CFT in three major ways: (1) the late-time entropy decreases in time, (2) island degrees of freedom exist at all times, not just at late times, with the phase transition changing whether or not these degrees of freedom include the black hole interior, and (3) the physics involves a field-theoretic IR divergence emerging when the boundary interval is too big relative to the black hole’s inverse temperature. This behavior in the entropy appears to be consistent with the non-unitarity of holographic warped CFT2 and demonstrates that the islands are not a phenomenon restricted to black hole information in unitary setups.
Electromagnetic albedo of Quantum Black Holes
Authors: Chua Wan Zhen , Afshordi Niayesh 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We compute the albedo (or reflectivity) of electromagnetic waves off the electron-positron Hawking plasma that surrounds the horizon of a Quantum Black Hole. We adopt the “modified firewall conjecture” for fuzzballs [1, 2], where we consider significant electromagnetic interaction around the horizon. While prior work has treated this problem as an electron-photon scattering process, we find that the incoming quanta interact collectively with the fermionic excitations of the Hawking plasma at low energies. We derive this via two different methods: one using relativistic plasma dispersion relation, and another using the one-loop correction to photon propagator. Both methods find that the reflectivity of long wavelength photons off the Hawking plasma is significant, contrary to previous claims. This leads to the enhancement of the electromagnetic albedo for frequencies comparable to the Hawking temperature of black hole horizons in vacuum. We comment on possible observable consequences of this effect.
Proximal humerus fractures (PHFs): comparison of functional outcome 1 year after minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) versus open reduction internal fixation (ORIF)
Authors: Buchmann Laura , van Lieshout Esther M. M. , Zeelenberg Miliaan , den Hartog Dennis , Pfeifer Roman , Allemann Florin , Pape Hans-Christoph , Halvachizadeh Sascha 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Osteosynthetic treatment strategies of PHFs include MIPO or ORIF techniques. The aim of this study was to compare the 1 year outcome following either technique in type B PHFs.

Methods
This study was designed as a retrospective cohort study of patients treated at one academic Level 1 trauma center. Patients from 2009 to 2019 who required surgical treatment of a type B PHF were eligible to be included in this study. Patients with A- or C-type fractures or patients requiring arthroplasty were excluded. All patients were treated with Proximal Humerus Interlocking System (PHILOS) and stratified according the approach into Group MIPO or Group ORIF. Outcome measures include local complications that occurred during hospitalization, nonunion after 12 months, and range of motion after 1 year follow-up.

Results
This study included 149 (75.3%) patients in Group ORIF, and 49 (24.7%) in Group MIPO. The fracture morphology and concomitant injuries were comparable amongst these groups. When compared with Group MIPO, Group ORIF had a 2.6 (95% CI 0.6–11.7) higher risk of suffering from local complications. The rate of postoperative nerve lesions was comparable (OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.1–9.7) as was the rate of soft tissue complications (OR 2.0, 95% CI 0.2–17.2). The risk for nonunion was 4.5 times higher (95% 1.1–19.5) in Group ORIF when compared with Group MIPO. Group MIPO had a higher chance of flexion above 90° (OR 8.2, 95% CI 2.5–27.7).

Conclusion
This study provides indications that patients following surgical treatment of PHFs in MIPO technique might have favourable outcome. Large-scale and high-quality studies are warranted to confirm these results.