bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The diversity and community structure of symbiotic cyanobacteria in hornworts inferred from long‐read amplicon sequencing
Authors: Nelson Jessica M. , Hauser Duncan A. , Li Fay‐Wei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPremiseNitrogen‐fixing endosymbioses with cyanobacteria have evolved independently in five very different plant lineages. Expanding knowledge of these symbioses promises to improve the understanding of symbiosis evolution and broaden the toolkit for agricultural engineering to reduce artificial fertilizer use. Here we focused on hornworts, a bryophyte lineage in which all members host cyanobacteria, and investigated factors shaping the diversity of their cyanobiont communities.MethodsWe sampled hornworts and adjacent soils in upstate New York throughout the hornwort growing season. We included all three sympatric hornwort species in the area, allowing us to directly compare partner selectivity. To profile cyanobacteria communities, we established a metabarcoding protocol targeting rbcL‐X with PacBio long reads.ResultsThe hornwort cyanobionts detected were phylogenetically diverse, including clades that do not contain other known plant symbionts. We found significant overlap between hornwort cyanobionts and soil cyanobacteria, a pattern not previously reported in other plant–cyanobacteria symbioses. Cyanobiont communities differed between host plants only centimeters apart, but we did not detect an effect of sampling time or host species on the cyanobacterial community structure.ConclusionsThis study expands the phylogenetic diversity of known symbiotic cyanobacteria. Our analyses suggest that hornwort cyanobionts have a tight connection to the soil background, and we found no evidence that time within growing season, host species, or distance at the scale of meters strongly govern cyanobacteria community assembly. This study provides a critical foundation for further study of the ecology, evolution, and interaction dynamics of plant–cyanobacteria symbiosis.
Manifestation of epilepsy in a patient with EED‐related overgrowth (Cohen–Gibson syndrome)
Authors: Hetzelt Katalin L. M. L. , Winterholler Martin , Kerling Frank , Rauch Christophe , Ekici Arif B. , Winterpacht Andreas , Vasileiou Georgia , Uebe Steffen , Thiel Christian T. , Kraus Cornelia , Reis André , Zweier Christiane 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCohen–Gibson syndrome is a rare genetic disorder, characterized by fetal or early childhood overgrowth and mild to severe intellectual disability. It is caused by heterozygous aberrations in EED, which encodes an evolutionary conserved polycomb group (PcG) protein that forms the polycomb repressive complex‐2 (PRC2) together with EZH2, SUZ12, and RBBP7/4. In total, 11 affected individuals with heterozygous pathogenic variants in EED were reported, so far. All variants affect a few key residues within the EED WD40 repeat domain. By trio exome sequencing, we identified the heterozygous missense variant c.581A > G, p.(Asn194Ser) in exon 6 of the EED‐gene in an individual with moderate intellectual disability, overgrowth, and epilepsy. The same pathogenic variant was detected in 2 of the 11 previously reported cases. Epilepsy, however, was only diagnosed in one other individual with Cohen–Gibson syndrome before. Our findings further confirm that the WD40 repeat domain represents a mutational hotspot; they also expand the clinical spectrum of Cohen–Gibson syndrome and highlight the clinical variability even in individuals with the same pathogenic variant. Furthermore, they indicate a possible association between Cohen–Gibson syndrome and epilepsy.
Accidental hypothermia: characteristics, outcomes, and prognostic factors—A nationwide observational study in Japan (Hypothermia study 2018 and 2019)
Authors: Takauji Shuhei , Hifumi Toru , Saijo Yasuaki , Yokobori Shoji , Kanda Jun , Kondo Yutaka , Hayashida Kei , Shimazaki Junya , Moriya Takashi , Yagi Masaharu , Yamaguchi Junko , Okada Yohei , Okano Yuichi , Kaneko Hitoshi , Kobayashi Tatsuho , Fujita Motoki , Shimizu Keiki , Yokota Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2021

AimThis study describes the clinical characteristics and outcomes as well as the prognostic factors of patients with accidental hypothermia (AH) using Japan’s nationwide registry data.MethodsThe Hypothermia study 2018 and 2019, which included patients aged 18 years or older with a body temperature of 35°C or less, was a multicenter registry conducted at 87 and 89 institutions throughout Japan, with data collected from December 2018 to February 2019 and December 2019 to February 2020, respectively.ResultsIn total, 1363 patients were enrolled in the registry, of which 1194 were analyzed in this study. The median (interquartile range) age was 79 (68–87) years, and the median (interquartile range) body temperature at the emergency department was 30.8°C (28.4–33.6°C). Forty‐three percent of patients with AH had a mild condition, 35.2% moderate, and 21.9% severe. AH occurred in an indoor setting in 73.4% and was caused by acute medical illness in 49.3% of patients. A total of 101 (8.5%) patients suffered from cardiopulmonary arrest on arrival at the hospital. The overall 30‐day mortality rate was 24.5%, the median (interquartile range) intensive care unit stay was 4 (2–7) days, and the median (interquartile range) hospital stay was 13 (4–27) days. In the multivariable logistic analysis, the prognostic factors were age (≥75 years old), male, activities of daily living (needing total assistance), cause of AH (trauma, alcohol), Glasgow Coma Scale score, and potassium level (>5.5 mEq/L).ConclusionThe mortality rate of AH was 24.5% in Japan. The prognostic factors developed in this study may be useful for the early prediction, prevention, and awareness of severe AH.
Controlling Gene Expression in Mammalian Cells Using Multiplexed Conditional Guide RNAs for Cas12a**
Authors: Oesinghaus Lukas , Simmel Friedrich C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSpatiotemporal control of the activity of CRISPR‐associated (Cas) proteins is of considerable interest for basic research and therapeutics. Here, we show that conditional guide RNAs (gRNAs) for Cas12a can be transcribed in mammalian cells by RNA polymerase II, followed by activation via input‐dependent processing of the 3′ tail of the gRNA transcript. We demonstrate processing using an RNA strand displacement mechanism, as well as microRNA‐dependent processing, and cleavage by a guanine‐responsive ribozyme. We further demonstrate that Cas12a along with several independently switchable gRNAs can be compactly integrated on a single transcript using stabilizing RNA triplexes, providing a route towards Cas12a‐based gene regulation constructs with multi‐input switching capabilities. The principle is shown to work in HEK and mouse fibroblast cells using luminescence, fluorescence, and is also demonstrated for the conditional upregulation of an endogenous gene.
Comments and further results on “Optimal design of non‐fragile PID controller”
Authors: Kumar Mahendra , Hote Yogesh V. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this brief paper, we present the technical errors of “Optimal design of non‐fragile PID controller” (Elsisi, 2019), which is published in this journal. Besides, we give the solution of these technical errors. Further, we give the robustness fragility index (RFI) concept to analyze the nonfragile nature of the published controller.
Verteilte Rissbreitenmessung im Betonbau mittels faseroptischer Sensorik – Neue Anwendung von verteilten faseroptischen Messsystemen
Authors: Vorwagner Alois , Kwapisz Maciej , Lienhart Werner , Winkler Madeleine , Monsberger Christoph , Prammer Dominik 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRisse und deren Veränderung sind wesentliche Indikatoren für Betonbauten. Konventionelle Risssensoren können nur bekannte Risse punktuell erfassen bzw. deren Weitenänderung bestimmen. In diesem Beitrag wird ein neues Rissmesssystem vorgestellt, welches mit nachträglich an der Betonoberfläche verklebten kostengünstigen Glasfasersensoren über weite Strecken Risse erfasst, ohne deren Lage zuvor zu kennen. Mit verteilten faseroptischen Messungen (engl. Distributed Fibre Optic Sensing „DFOS“) können bis zu einer Einzelmesslänge von 70,0 m neue Risse identifiziert, auf 3,5 cm verortet sowie deren Weitenänderungen bestimmt werden. Die erreichten Genauigkeiten betragen 0,035 mm (Labormaßstab) und 0,15 mm (reale Anwendungen). Mit DFOS werden somit Einzelrisse bei im Stahlbetonbau üblichen Rissabständen von 15 cm messbar, auch wenn keine direkte Sichtverbindung vorliegt. Es wird ein neu entwickelter Auswertealgorithmus vorgestellt, mit dem zusätzlich die historische Rissentwicklung erfasst wird. Bei Epochenmessungen kann mit diesem auf eine zwischenzeitlich aufgetretene maximale Rissbreite rückgeschlossen werden. Laborversuche und reale Messungen im Zuge einer Pilotanwendung von mehr als einem Jahr zeigen die Methodik sowie die Randbedingungen bei der Wahl der Faser und des Klebers. Gegenüberstellungen verschiedener Messsysteme ergeben eine erreichte Genauigkeit in ähnlicher Größenordnung wie konventionelle Risssensoren.
Pharmacokinetic comparison of four arbidol hydrochloride preparations in beagle dogs
Authors: Lu Jing‐Ze , Ye Dan , Chen Long , Ma Bing‐Liang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to compare the pharmacokinetic properties of four preparations (dispersible tablets, ordinary tablets, capsules and granules) of arbidol hydrochloride, a broad‐spectrum antiviral drug, in beagle dogs. Briefly, a single dose of 100 mg of the four preparations of arbidol hydrochloride was orally administered to dogs; blood was then collected from the veins of the foreleg at different times after administration to prepare plasma samples. The plasma concentration of arbidol hydrochloride was measured using a validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The results showed that when orally administered with dispersible tablets, ordinary tablets, capsules and granules suspended with water, there were no significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters (including peak time, peak concentration, elimination half‐life, area under the curve (AUC0–t), and mean retention time) of arbidol hydrochloride. However, in the case of the dispersible tablets, the pharmacokinetics of arbidol hydrochloride was significantly affected by the mode of administration. Compared with direct feeding, peak time [0.50 (0.13, 0.50) vs. 1.00 (0.50, 2.00)] was significantly shortened (P = 0.033) and the AUC0–48 h (8726.5 ± 2509.3 vs. 3650.8 ± 1536.9 ng h/ml) was significantly increased (P = 0.012) when the dispersible tablets were orally administered as water dispersion. In conclusion, the pharmacokinetics of four preparations of arbidol hydrochloride were not significant different in beagle dogs. However, compared with direct feeding, the absorption of arbidol hydrochloride was faster and the bioavailability was better when the dispersible tablets were orally administered as water dispersion.
Acetylated Rhamnose Triterpenoid Saponins from Glechoma longituba Analyzed by LC‐Q‐TOFMS
Authors: Ouyang Xi‐Lin , Ma Tian‐Hua , Xie Gui‐Liang , Chen Shan , Wang Heng‐Shan , Jia Qiang , Zhang En‐De , Huang Jing‐Hua 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe aim of the present work is to isolate a series of triterpene derivatives with rhamnosyl linking acetyl groups from Glechoma longituba according to the structural characteristics of previously described triterpene saponins. The extract ion chromatography spectrum of the crude extract of G. longituba was detected and analyzed by HPLC‐HR‐ESI‐MS to determine possible components, and these metabolites were traced and separated by combining high‐resolution mass spectrometry and predicted liquid chromatography retention time. Three 11α, 12α‐epoxypentacyclic oleanolic acid triterpene saponins (glechomanosides H–J) and one ursane triterpene aldehyde saponin with a C‐28 aldehyde group were isolated from G. longituba. The structure of these compounds was confirmed by NMR and compared with those of previously characterized compounds. The strategy described in this report enables a rapid, reliable, and complete analysis of glycoside compounds containing different numbers of acetyl groups at different positions on the sugar.
Community colleges in the policyscape: Concluding thoughts for research and practice
Authors: Fernandez Frank , Hu Xiaodan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCommunity colleges navigate a policy landscape or “policyscape” that was not created for them but that affects them in numerous ways. The concluding article introduces the idea of the policyscape in the community college context, and provides examples from the volume of when and how policies can be updated (what Mettler calls “policy maintenance”) to support community colleges and their missions. We argue that the volume identifies ways that community colleges are affected by policy design effects, unintended consequences, and lateral effects. We use the policyscape framework to synthesize takeaways from the volume and suggest directions for future research and institutional action.
Light‐Driven Oxidation of Pu(IV) to Pu(VI) Enables Green and Efficient Pu Recovery
Authors: Dong Xue , Wang Zhipeng , Yan Qiang , Chen Jing , Feng Xiaogui , Xu Chao 
Published: September 2021

Main observation and conclusionPlutonium (Pu) is a key actinide in nuclear industry and is the only element in the periodic table known to date that could exist in four different oxidation states simultaneously in aqueous solution. Efficient recovery of Pu in nuclear wastes relies greatly on the precise control of its oxidation states. Herein, we introduce a light‐driven oxidation approach that could effectively oxidize Pu(IV) to Pu(VI) in acidic solutions without the addition of extra chemical oxidants. The oxidation proceeds via the reaction of Pu(IV) with the oxidative species induced by UV light irradiation. This approach can help with the separation of Pu from other metals and can be further extended to a biphasic extraction system to achieve green and efficient stripping of Pu from an organic solvent.
Research Progress on Coating Structure of Silicon Anode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Ke , Liu Xuefeng , Guan Keke , Yu Yingjie , Lei Wen , Zhang Shaowei , Jia Quanli , Zhang Haijun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSilicon, which has been widely studied by virtue of its extremely high theoretical capacity and abundance, is recognized as one of the most promising anode materials for the next generation of lithium‐ion batteries. However, silicon undergoes tremendous volume change during cycling, which leads to the destruction of the electrode structure and irreversible capacity loss, so the promotion of silicon materials in commercial applications is greatly hampered. In recent years, many strategies have been proposed to address these shortcomings of silicon. This Review focused on different coatings materials (e. g., carbon‐based materials, metals, oxides, conducting polymers, etc.) for silicon materials. The role of different types of materials in the modification of silicon‐based material encapsulation structure was reviewed to confirm the feasibility of the protective layer strategy. Finally, the future research direction of the silicon‐based material coating structure design for the next‐generation lithium‐ion battery was summarized.
Estimating koala density from incidental koala sightings in South‐East Queensland, Australia (1997–2013), using a self‐exciting spatio‐temporal point process model
Authors: Dissanayake Ravi Bandara , Giorgi Emanuele , Stevenson Mark , Allavena Rachel , Henning Joerg 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe koala, Phascolarctos cinereus, is an iconic Australian wildlife species facing a rapid decline in South‐East Queensland (SEQLD). For conservation planning, the ability to estimate the size of koala populations is crucial. Systematic surveys are the most common approach to estimate koala populations but because of their cost they are often restricted to small geographic areas and are conducted infrequently. Public interest and participation in the collection of koala sighting data is increasing in popularity, but such data are generally not used for population estimation. We modeled monthly sightings of koalas reported by members of the public from 1997 to 2013 in SEQLD by developing a self‐exciting spatio‐temporal point process model. This allowed us to account for characteristics that are associated with koala presence (which vary over both space and time) while accounting for detection bias in the koala sighting process and addressing spatial clustering of observations. The density of koalas varied spatially due to the heterogeneous nature of koala habitat in SEQLD, with a mean density of 0.0019 koalas per km2 over the study period. The percentage of land areas with very low densities (0–0.0005 koalas per km2) remained similar throughout the study period representing, on average, 66% of the total study area. The approach described in this paper provides a useful starting point to allow greater use to be made of incidental koala sighting data. We propose that the model presented here could be used to combine systematic koala survey data (which is spatially restricted, but more precise) with koala sighting data (which is incidental and often biased by nature, but often collected over large geographical areas). Our approach could also be adopted for modeling the density of other wildlife species where data is collected in the same manner.
Shifts and plasticity of plant leaf mass per area and leaf size among slope aspects in a subalpine meadow
Authors: Li Xin’e , Song Xiaoyu , Zhao Jun , Lu Haifeng , Qian Cheng , Zhao Xin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe composition of vegetation on a slope frequently changes substantially owing to the different micro‐environments of various slope aspects. To understand how the slope aspect affects the vegetation changes, we examined the variations in leaf mass per area (LMA) and leaf size (LS) within and among populations for 66 species from 14 plots with a variety of slope aspects in a subalpine meadow. LMA is a leaf economic trait that is tightly correlated with plant physiological traits, while the LS shows a tight correlation with leaf temperature, indicating the strategy of plants to self‐adjust in different thermal and hydraulic conditions. In this study, we compared the two leaf traits between slope aspects and between functional types and explored their correlation with soil variables and heat load. Our results showed that high‐LMA, small‐leaved species were favored in south‐facing slopes, while the reverse was true in north‐facing areas. In detail, small dense‐leaved graminoids dominated the south slopes, while large thin‐leaved forbs dominated the north slopes. Soil moisture and the availability of soil P were the two most important soil factors that related to both LMA and LS, and heat load also contributed substantially. Moreover, we disentangled the relative importance of intraspecific trait variation and species turnover in the trait variation among plots and found that the intraspecific variation contributed 98% and 56% to LMA and LS variation among communities, respectively, implying a large contribution of intraspecific trait plasticity. These results indicate that LMA and LS are two essential leaf traits that affect the adaptation or acclimation of plants underlying the vegetation composition changes in different slope aspects in the subalpine meadow.
A Modulation QCM Applied to Copper Electrodeposition and Stripping
Authors: Leppin Christian , Langhoff Arne , Höfft Oliver , Johannsmann Diethelm 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA fast electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (EQCM−D) was applied to copper electrodeposition and subsequent stripping. Accumulation brings the frequency noise down to the mHz range, corresponding to 0.1 % of a monolayer. With this precision, the apparent mass transfer rate as determined from the time‐derivative of the frequency shift can be directly compared to the current. Small but systematic deviations between the two can be attributed to nanoscale roughness. In the voltage range of underpotential deposition (UPD), the apparent mass transfer rate shows peaks and shoulders. The plating additive benzotriazole (BTA) leaves the magnitude of electrogravimetric signals unchanged, but shifts the UPD onset potential. The additive thiourea (TU) promotes UPD and strongly increases the bandwidth.
Removal of dissolved sulfides from synthetic and industrial solutions by activated carbon derived from Tunisian olive stone
Authors: Lagha Arwa , Ouederni Abdelmottaleb , Ben Abdallah Hédi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe present work aimed at evaluating the performance of activated carbons (AC) derived from Tunisian olive stone in the removal of dissolved sulfides from synthetic and industrial solutions. The ACs were produced by physical (CAP) and chemical (CAC) activations and characterized by N2 adsorption–desorption, scanning electron microscope/X‐ray dispersive energy analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, and Boehm titration. The ACs dispose of well‐developed specific surface area (1100–730 m2/g) with dispersed oxygen surface groups. Batch adsorption test performed by synthetic sulfides solutions reveals significant adsorption capacities. The kinetic data were modeled using the pseudo‐first order, the pseudo‐second order, the intra‐particle diffusion, as well as the Boyd model. The results prove that sulfides adsorption is described by the pseudo‐second order equation. Moreover, the sulfides adsorption mechanism follows the intra‐particle diffusion and the external diffusion. The adsorption equilibrium data were modeled by Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, and D‐R models. The equilibrium data fitted the Langmuir model with monolayer adsorption capacities of 20.83 mg/g for CAP and 22.72 mg/g for CAC. In the dynamic test, the sulfides adsorption by ACs from industrial spent caustic solutions decreased to 2.81 and 7.32 mg of sulfides/g of CAC and CAP. Therefore, the adsorption process is not a promising treatment method for sulfides removal from the phosphoric acid plant wastewater.
Closed‐form lower bounds for the price of arithmetic average Asian options by multiple conditioning
Authors: Choe Geon Ho , Kim Minseok 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe present closed‐form lower bounds for the price of arithmetic average Asian options under geometric Brownian motion. Lower bounds are found by conditioning on multiple normal variables, each of which is a weighted sum of Brownian motions. Numerical results show that our lower bounds are close to Monte Carlo prices and improve single conditioning methods especially for high volatility and long maturity.
Redefining varicose projection astrocytes in primates
Authors: Falcone Carmen , McBride Erin L. , Hopkins William D. , Hof Patrick R. , Manger Paul R. , Sherwood Chet C. , Noctor Stephen C. , Martínez‐Cerdeño Verónica 
Published: September 2021

AbstractVaricose projection astrocytes (VP‐As) are found in the cerebral cortex and have been described to be specific to humans and chimpanzees. To further examine the phylogenetic distribution of this cell type, we analyzed cortical tissue from several primates ranging from primitive primates to primates evolutionary closer to human such as apes. We specifically analyzed tissue from four strepsirrhine species, one tarsier, six species of platyrrhine monkeys, ten species of cercopithecoid monkeys, two hylobatid ape species, four to six cases each of chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla, and orangutan, and thirteen human. We found that VP‐As were present only in human and other apes (hominoids) and were absent in all other species. We showed that VP‐As are localized to layer VI and the superficial white matter of the cortex. The presence of VP‐As co‐occured with interlaminar astrocytes that also had varicosities in their processes. Due to their location, their long tangential processes, and their irregular presence within species, we propose that VP‐As are astrocytes that develop varicosities under specific conditions and that are not a distinct astrocyte type.