bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of Magnesium Matrix Composite and the Corresponding Mechanical Properties: A Review
Authors: Babaremu KO. , Udoh M. , Joseph O. O. , Fayomi O.S.I. , John M.E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this article we question the influence of the production method on the microstructure and mechanical properties of magnesium particulate reinforced composite. Magnesium matrix composite could be produced using either of the four methods discussed in this article such as ultrasonic vibration, powder metallurgy, stir casting and Shear compaction processing. The microstructural properties of the resulting composite benefited greatly from further processing when producing the composite through liquid metallurgy rout like stir casting method. The choice of ceramic reinforcement like Silicon carbide significantly improved the mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength but had negative effect on the ductility of the developed composite.
Effectiveness and Sustainability of Acoustic Measures in Palms Mall, Ota
Authors: Oluwatayo A.A. , Omoijiade J.A , Oluwole O.O. , Okubote F.O. , Eghobamien O.V. , Gbwefi A.M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this report, some of the acoustic properties and features of a shopping mall in Ogun state, Nigeria were observed and documented. The study looked into the Sustainability of materials employed for acoustic measures and the effectiveness of the acoustic measures within the mall. Under consideration were the size and shape of the space, volume, location, spatial organisation, noise zoning, insulation and isolation techniques adopted and the presence of acoustic enhancements such as banners, mufflers and absorbers. The study employed the use of qualitative field research and found that the palms mall has quite a bit to improve on in terms of acoustic treatment and that although noise pollution is not effectively combated, the materials employed can be deemed sustainable
Catalytic Pyrolysis in Waste to Energy Recovery Applications: A Review
Authors: Oyeleke Oyetunji O. , Ohunakin Olayinka S. , Adelekan Damola S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The review examines the subject matter of catalytic pyrolysis, which is an upgrade on both the operation and output of the thermal pyrolysis process, capable of producing liquid oil products of a higher quality and yield compared to the thermal process, at reduced thermal and energetic demands. The use of catalysts plays a major role in increasing cracking activity and subsequent decomposition reactions, in attaining more desirable aromatic products. The properties, types, classes, loading mechanisms of catalyst as well as modification techniques are delved into in detail in asserting what makes catalyst efficient and effective in improving the pyrolysis process for different organic and inorganic feedstock materials. The catalytic pyrolysis of biomass substrates, which is an area less documented on was also examined, the effect of acidic zeolite catalyst on the process, mechanism, and end product of the pyrolysis process were examined in detail. Post-treatment techniques for the upgrading of liquid oil products were examined ranging from refining, filtration, distillation, and blending with conventional hydrocarbon fuels for use in different applications such as transport fuel deployment and utility generation.
Design and Development of a Mini Steam Turbine for Domestic Electric-Powered Application
Authors: Oreko Benjamin Ufuoma , Okiy Stanley 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This work focuses on the design and development of a single stage De Laval impulse type of steam turbine connected to an AC generator for the purpose of generating electricity for domestic use. The system possesses several components such as turbine runner and blades, turbine casing, steam inlet nozzle and AC generator. The system is designed to work with a steam generator (boiler) fired by biogas, which is connected to the rotary (turbine blade) system via a nozzle. Factors such as steam pressure, temperature, velocity and mass flow rate of steam and nozzle angle are the key input variables that help in the development, construction and fabrication of the turbine wheel (blades and rotor). The developed mini steam turbine was simulated using solid works software and the von mises result obtained for maximum and minimum stresses of the turbine frame and stand unit were 2.725 × 105N/m2 and 4.447 × 101N/m2, respectively with yield strength of 2.5 × 108N/m2. Also, the von mises maximum and minimum stresses of the turbine blade were 3.522 × 107N/m2 and 7.064 × 104N/m2, respectively with a yield strength of 2.413 × 108N/m2. The developed mini-turbine is designed to withstand the working conditions based on the static simulation and analysis of results obtained.
Organizational Change and its Effects on Throughput: A Case Study of Lonmin Mine Shafts
Authors: Ramasu T.K. , Aigbavboa C.O. , Thwala WD 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Several factors contribute to the effectiveness of an organization after an organization restructuring. Some of these factors are easily measurable while some are not. This study investigated the effect of employee attitude and perception towards organizational change (Theory of Constraints (TOC)) implementation using two Lonmin mine shafts as case studies. Sustainability of TOC was also considered. A quantitative research method was used for collecting data from two shafts in Lonmin Mine as a case study. The data was analysed using the IBM SPSS statistics 26 software. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were performed on the data to test for statistical significance of the results. Findings from the study revealed that employees show remarkably positive attitude and perception towards organizational change. However, there is no correlation between the attitude and perception of employees and the organizational throughput.
The Effect of Ramp Location in a Strut Based Scramjet Combustor under non reacting flow field
Authors: Antony Athithan A. , Jeyakumar S. , Sivakumar R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The scramjet engine is considered to be the high-speed propulsive system for hypersonic air-breathing vehicles. Researchers focus on various geometries of strut injectors to enhance the mixing and combustion efficiencies of the scramjet combustor. This paper reveals the non-reacting flow characteristics of various ramp locations in a scramjet combustor with strut injection. The ramps are symmetrically placed at three different locations upstream of the strut within the combustor. Air enters into the combustor inlet with Mach number 2, and the fuel is injected at the sonic velocity from the strut. The 2D supersonic flow characteristics are numerically investigated using ANSYS 18.0 software. The steady-state flow simulations are performed in this study. The flow field is modelled using RANS equations, and the k-ω SST turbulence model and default constants are chosen to investigate the flow characteristics within the combustor. The flow characteristics of the ramp based DLR scramjet combustors are compared with the baseline DLR scramjet model. The computational results are validated with the experimental data. The shock wave interaction from the ramps enhances the distribution of hydrogen in the lateral direction of the flow than the baseline strut configuration. The ramps create recirculation regions that could enhance fuel-air mixing. The ramp induced strut based DLR scramjet engine provides increased total pressure loss of the baseline DLR scramjet.
Design verification through tolerance stack up analysis of mechanical assembly for 3d printed components
Authors: Jafrin Beryl R , Saravanan A N , Annamalai K , Janardhan Reddy K 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Automobile sector encounters new challenges and hurdles every day. New design trends and day-by-day technology advancement from research, push companies to develop new competitive models. Automobile manufacturing is one of the most competitive business domains where every organization will thrive to prove themselves in the society and market. In order to increase the production rate of the company, automobile manufactures can increase the efficiency of their research and development process enabling them to get their product in the market with less time and better quality. Additive manufacturing is being used in the prototyping, tool and dies making process due to less time, labour efforts and cost. But the hurdles faced by company in additive manufacturing are poor dimensional accuracies and tolerances. Automotive industries find difficult to get their exact dimensional tolerance values resulting in failure of the component. In this paper authors demonstrated tolerances stack-up analysis through a case study of critical 3D printed components and its assembly used in automobile. This paper provides a review of role and future scope of additive manufacturing in automobile industries.
Investigation on the Effect of Charge Carriers in Chemical Shift Anisotropy of Si Single Crystal
Authors: Viswanathan E. , Padma Prasad K. , Ganapathy S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Chemical Shift Anisotropy (CSA) of single crystalline silicon (Si) was investigated using 29Si static NMR for commercially procured p-type and n-type silicon. The observed CSA has been distributed between -80 ppm to -90 ppm for n-type and p-type Si. The NMR parameters such as Isotropic Chemical Shift (5iso), Chemical Shift Anisotropy tensor (ΔS) and the asymmetry parameter (77) of the CSA were extracted by using DMFIT with the CSA-static model. The ΔS and
rj
are found to be -1.73 ppm and 0.3 ppm respectively for the n-type and the asymmetry parameter of the CSA was found one order different from p-type material. The changes observed in CSA pattern and spin-lattice relaxation (T
1) time are ascribed to strength (mobility) of the shallow donor level and shallow acceptor level effects in the Fermi contact term.
Experimental Investigations on the Drilling of Titanium Metal Matrix Composite
Authors: Arun Rajesh M , Bala Kumar S S , Ashok R , Vijay Sekar K S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Titanium Metal Matrix Composites have high specific strength and offer high stiffness compared with Nickel alloys and steel. While maintaining equivalent strength, it can reduce 50% weight relative to other super alloys. In this work, preparation of Silicon Carbide reinforced Titanium Metal Matrix Composite by powder metallurgy and drilling of the composite to evaluate the drilling forces are discussed and the effect of drilling process parameters on thrust force, surface finish and chip formation is studied.
Design and analysis of energy-efficient solar panel cooling system using computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Vaishnav Sarthak , Kapadiya Vivek , Harish R. , Mohan R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper highlights the design of an effective liquid cooling system that utilizes the heat generated from the solar panel as a cooling medium to maintain the optimal desired temperature of the solar panel. The coolant for this finned cooling system is selected based on its vaporizing temperature range and thermal cycle characteristics. For analysis purposes, a CAD model is generated in Solidworks CAD package, and further meshing and numerical simulations are performed using Ansys Fluent software. Flow and heat transfer characteristics of the cooling system are investigated by plotting stream functions, velocity, and temperature distributions inside the system. Probing of variations in temperature, pressure and turbulent kinetic energy along vertical as well as longitudinal direction is graphically analysed. Thus, elucidating characteristic of parametric conditions under observation. This study’s results can be the potential background for designing an efficient solar panel cooling system with superior thermal performance.
Effect of Shape Imperfections on Collapse Moment of Strain Hardened Pipe Bends under in-plane Opening Bending Moment
Authors: Sai Santosh Pavan Kumar M. , Christo Michael T. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe effect of ovality and variable wall thickness on the collapse load of pipe bends subjected to in-plane opening moment is investigated using Finite Element (FE) analysis for an elastic plastic material. The collapse load was estimated from the moment-rotation curves using Twice-Elastic-Slope method. The presence of ovality reduced the collapse load by 13.1% for a model having bend characteristic 0.1, thus making its effect critical. The presence of thinning had no significant effect on the collapse load. Based on the FE results, a mathematical equation is proposed to estimate the collapse load of strain-hardened pipe bends for a range of bend characteristic from 0.1 to 0.6, considering the effect of ovality.
CT Guided Liver Tumor Biopsy Framework
Authors: Mourya G K , Bhatia D , Gogoi M , Handique A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Liver tumor biopsy is the first step of a liver cancer diagnosis. Accuracy of liver cancer diagnosis depends upon how precisely the sample is collected from the right location. The ultrasound-guided biopsy procedure is subjective and painful to patient. CT guided biopsy framework assists medical experts in planning biopsy needle path before performing the procedure. In this framework, first, CT image acquired, and 3D models are created for liver, skin, liver tumor, bone, and liver blood vessels using 3Dirac CT datasets. Second, an algorithm designed for biopsy needle insertion path recommendation. At the last 3D simulation generated. Needle insertion starts from the skin and ends at the tumor site. The recommended needle path does not carry bone and major blood vessels. The designed framework suggests two possible paths that medical experts can select and allow to make a further modification in that path. 3D simulation of needle insertion shown to medical experts for the evaluation. According to their comments, methods are producing promising results. The proposed framework may utilize for teaching-learning procedures for junior medical experts. Automatic biopsy needle path recommendations are perquisites for generating augmented reality tools and robotic biopsy systems.
Finite element analysis of the slot milling of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Prakash C , Vijay Sekar K S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composites are widely used for making the components and primary structures in the field of aircraft, aerospace, automobile, medical, construction and many essential items which we use every day. These composite laminates are light in weight without compromising its strength. Hence, CFRP composites attract the researchers and the modern industries to investigate more on it. Industries rely on conventional machining process to achieve required shape and size, but CFRP composites show intrinsic behaviour while machining because of its non homogeneous properties. Selecting the appropriate tool and the cutting conditions for machining the CFRP composite, influences more in achieving the desired shape, size with close tolerance. In this paper, a 3D Finite Element Model is developed to simulate the slot milling process and to predict the cutting forces for the different cutting conditions. The reliability and accuracy of 3D FE analysis depend on the friction coefficient and failure model used in the FE model. These FE input parameters were applied in a wider range and analysis was carried out. The cutting forces obtained from the FE results are correlated with the experimental results to validate and to evaluate the influence of the FEM parameters. The outcome of this investigation is to suggest a suitable Failure model and the Friction coefficient, which ensures the reliability of the FE Model.
Experimental and Numerical Study on Ergonomic Evaluation of Automotive Seating Comfort
Authors: Anand V , Dongale Amit , Jebaseelan Davidson , Jagannath M. , Michael Christo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Automotive car seats play a vital role in providing optimum comfort to the occupants when it comes to vehicle comfort. The objective of this study was to perform an experimental and numerical investigation of the ergonomic evaluation of automotive seating comfort. A questionnaire survey was carried out on car drivers driving two different cars namely Tata Indica and Maruti Swift, to understand the perception of drivers on seating comfort. Posture monitoring techniques using Kinect camera and pressure mapping systems were used to analyze the sitting posture and sitting angle. A multibody dynamics analysis technique was used to evaluate the human body exposed to vehicle vibration. The vertical vibration transmissibility was measured from different body segments using this model. Also, with the help of a multibody dynamics simulation model, the results were compared and validated with existing literature. This study suggests suitable sitting posture and sitting angle derived with the help of multibody dynamics simulation along with the experimental investigation, which would reduce the fatigue of the driver when exposed to prolonged driving.
Researches on energy-efficient plasma conversion of fibreglass waste into new ecological materials for building industry
Authors: Antonescu I , Isopescu D N , Cucoş I , Caunii V , Alecu I C , Lupu M L 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the researches, prototype laboratory equipment and technologies developed by the authors for the plasma conversion of fiberglass waste into useful materials for building industry. The aim was to increase the energy efficiency of conversion processes and to obtain technologies and materials with better proprieties for civil engineering appliances and reduced impact on the environment.
Multi-criteria optimization for a residential horizontal ground heat exchanger
Authors: Bulmez A M , Ciofoaia V , Pleşcan C , Bolocan S I , Şerban A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Ground source heat pumps (GSHP) are the most efficient heat pump systems currently in use for residential sector today. Although these systems outperform all other heat pump systems when considering the energy source, the installation costs represent an ongoing issue. For the market to increase in this area, multi-criteria optimization for the ground heat exchanger (GHE) is the main research topic today. The main objective of this study is to search ways to optimize the horizontal ground heat exchanger focusing on two distinct viewpoints: physical and energetic optimization. To achieve this goal, the entropy generation number and the coefficient of performance based on several configuration are studied. Using the Pareto optimal set obtained from two objectives provides useful information about the design optimization. In comparison with traditional single objective optimization, multi-criteria optimization avoids cost increase when regarding only the performance or performance decrease when regarding only the cost. The results indicate that the use of a cheaper heat source such as solar panels to mitigate the energy needed for peak loads during the heating and cooling systems can reduce the horizontal ground heat exchanger size and therefore the installation cost. A hybrid solar assisted ground source heat pump system, using more than one renewable energy source, shows a much higher flexibility for residential purposes than a heat pump system that uses only one renewable energy source.
Analysis of the most determining factors from Romanian urban regulation, at the state level, in relation to sanitation, hygiene and health throughout recent history
Authors: Cazacu Ch , Chitonu C , Muntean R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Construction represents an important branch of the Romanian economy. The construction branch must be characterized by flexibility and diversity, attributes that favor change, through generation, continuous development and rapid transposition into practice of new ideas. The demands of society are becoming more and more severe throughout the all countries of the world. Expectations and needs are becoming increasingly explicit for issues such as: health and safety of the place where we live or work environmental protection, operational safety.
Using E-waste in asphalt mixtures – a laboratory investigation
Authors: Dragomir M L , Cadar R D , Boitor R M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Incorporating electronic waste (E-waste) in a new asphalt mixture is a subjected connected to the recycling process of PCB (Printed Circuit Boards), in which PCB waste is turned into a powder. The aim of the paper is to present the performance of the new asphalt pavement obtained by using PCB waste to substitute lime filler in a share of 100%. First, laboratory analyses are performed to determine the composition of PCB. Then, the feasibility of using PCB waste in the asphalt pavement industry is analysed in a series of laboratory investigations conducted on asphalt concrete BA16 rul 50/70 (AC16) that is a standard asphalt mixture in Romania. The following tests are performed on the new material: cyclic compression-dynamic flow, rutting test, and Marshall Stability and flow. The conclusion after the first experimental stage of this research is that the mixture containing PCB is softer than the control/witness mixture containing lime filler. Further investigations regarding the use of E-waste in road asphalt pavements will be conducted to find a way to reduce the use of new raw materials in the road construction industry.
Validation of AE tomography based on model tests of soil specimen with heterogeneous elastic wave velocity distribution
Authors: Nakamura K , Kobayashi Y , Oda K , Shigemura S , Ikebata K 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn order to investigate the progressive failure of soil-structures, non-destructive inspections have been applied in recent. Use of Acoustic Emission (AE), the elastic wave which is generated by the occurrence of cracks, is attractive in this field to detail the progressive failure if the measurement is conducted with sufficiently small time interval. Although this technique potentially detects the cracks clearly, conventional methods of AE source localization consider that elastic wave velocity distribution is homogenous, and there are the limitations of its application due to the diffraction and the refraction of elastic wave if the heterogeneity of the elastic wave velocity distribution is not negligible. In this study, AE-Tomography (AET), which performs the identification elastic wave velocity distribution and the localization of AE sources with consideration of the diffraction and the refraction of elastic wave, is validated about the performance of the identification of the elastic wave velocity distribution and the AE sources localizations on numerical tests and model tests. Artificial AE events are generated in the soil specimen that have some parts of different relative density and validation of AET is conducted by using the arrival times of the artificial AE. According to the results of the validation, it is suggested that AET identifies elastic wave velocity distributions and AE source locations adequately on the heterogeneous elastic wave velocity distributions.