bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of three coniferous plantation species on plant‐soil feedbacks and soil physical and chemical properties in semi‐arid mountain ecosystems
Authors: Han Chun , Liu Yongjing , Zhang Cankun , Li Yage , Zhou Tairan , Khan Salman , Chen Ning , Zhao Changming 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Large-scale afforestation can significantly change the ground cover and soil physicochemical properties, especially the soil fertility maintenance and water conservation functions of artificial forests, which are very important in semi-arid mountain ecosystems. However, how different tree species affect soil nutrients and soil physicochemical properties after afforestation, and which is the best plantation species for improving soil fertility and water conservation functions remain largely unknown.

Methods
This study investigated the soil nutrient contents of three different plantations (Larix principis-rupprechtii, Picea crassifolia, Pinus tabuliformis), soils and plant-soil feedbacks, as well as the interactions between soil physicochemical properties.

Results
The results revealed that the leaves and litter layers strongly influenced soil nutrient availability through biogeochemical processes: P. tabuliformis had higher organic carbon, ratio of organic carbon to total nitrogen (C:N) and organic carbon to total phosphorus (C:P) in the leaves and litter layers than L. principis-rupprechtii or P. crassifolia, suggesting that higher C:N and C:P hindered litter decomposition. As a result, the L. principis-rupprechtii and P. crassifolia plantation forests significantly improved soil nutrients and clay components, compared with the P. tabuliformis plantation forest. Furthermore, the L. principis-rupprechtii and P. crassifolia plantation forests significantly improved the soil capacity, soil total porosity, and capillary porosity, decreased soil bulk density, and enhanced water storage capacity, compared with the P. tabuliformis plantation forest. The results of this study showed that, the strong link between plants and soil was tightly coupled to C:N and C:P, and there was a close correlation between soil particle size distribution and soil physicochemical properties.

Conclusions
Therefore, our results recommend planting the L. principis-rupprechtii and P. crassifolia as the preferred tree species to enhance the soil fertility and water conservation functions, especially in semi-arid regions mountain forest ecosystems.
Chronic photoperiodic manipulation induced chronodisruption upregulates HSP60 during early pro-atherogenic remodeling in thoracic aorta of C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Shirsath Kavita , Joshi Apeksha , Vohra Aliasgar , Devkar Ranjitsinh 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Circadian disruption is often associated with aggravation of atherosclerosis; however, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying atherogenic initiation in normolipidemic diet remains unclear. Most of the studies done for understanding circadian disruption induced atherosclerosis have been carried out in murine model of hyperlipidemia induced atherosclerosis. The present study investigates pro-atherogenic events in response to chronic photoperiodic manipulation induced chronodisruption (PMCD) in C57BL/6J mice fed with laboratory chow diet.

Results
The results were compared with atherogenic initiation induced by high fat high fructose (HFHF) diet. The combined effects of HFHF and PMCD on atherogenic initiation were also investigated for possible synergy of both variants. The HFHF and HFHF+PMCD groups recorded increments in body weight gains and serum lipid parameters (TC, TG, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL) and a decrement in HDL-cholesterol as compared to the control group. However, PMCD group recorded body weight gain similar to that of the control group, but the serum lipid parameters (TG and VLDL) were significantly elevated and the HDL levels were lowered. However, prominent hypertrophic remodeling, higher collagen deposition, and elastin derangement, along with endothelial dysfunction, its activation, and macrophage infiltration, were observed in thoracic aorta of all the three experimental groups. But the mRNA and immunoblots of heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) in thoracic aorta was found to be maximum in PMCD followed by HFHF and HFHF+PMCD groups.

Conclusion
Laboratory chow feeding coupled with photoperiodic manipulation mediated chronodisruption overexpress HSP60 that in turn plays a central role in PMCD mediated pro-atherogenic remodeling in thoracic aorta of C57BL/6J mice.
Monoassociation with bacterial isolates reveals the role of colonization, community complexity and abundance on locomotor behavior in larval zebrafish
Authors: Weitekamp Chelsea A. , Kvasnicka Allison , Keely Scott P. , Brinkman Nichole E. , Howey Xia Meng , Gaballah Shaza , Phelps Drake , Catron Tara , Zurlinden Todd , Wheaton Emily , Tal Tamara 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Across taxa, animals with depleted intestinal microbiomes show disrupted behavioral phenotypes. Axenic (i.e., microbe-free) mice, zebrafish, and fruit flies exhibit increased locomotor behavior, or hyperactivity. The mechanism through which bacteria interact with host cells to trigger normal neurobehavioral development in larval zebrafish is not well understood. Here, we monoassociated zebrafish with either one of six different zebrafish-associated bacteria, mixtures of these host-associates, or with an environmental bacterial isolate.

Results
As predicted, the axenic cohort was hyperactive. Monoassociation with three different host-associated bacterial species, as well as with the mixtures, resulted in control-like locomotor behavior. Monoassociation with one host-associate and the environmental isolate resulted in the hyperactive phenotype characteristic of axenic larvae, while monoassociation with two other host-associated bacteria partially blocked this phenotype. Furthermore, we found an inverse relationship between the total concentration of bacteria per larvae and locomotor behavior. Lastly, in the axenic and associated cohorts, but not in the larvae with complex communities, we detected unexpected bacteria, some of which may be present as facultative predators.

Conclusions
These data support a growing body of evidence that individual species of bacteria can have different effects on host behavior, potentially related to their success at intestinal colonization. Specific to the zebrafish model, our results suggest that differences in the composition of microbes in fish facilities could affect the results of behavioral assays within pharmacological and toxicological studies.
Explaining Divergent Observations Regarding Osteocalcin/GPRC6A Endocrine Signaling
Authors: Pi Min , Nishimoto Satoru Kenneth , Darryl Quarles L 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA new schema proposes that the bone-derived osteocalcin (Ocn) peptide hormone activates the G-protein–coupled receptor GPRC6A to directly regulate glucose and fat metabolism in liver, muscle, and fat, and to stimulate the release of metabolism-regulating hormones, including insulin, fibroblast growth factor 21, glucagon-like peptide 1, testosterone, and interleukin 6. Ocn/GPRC6A activation has also been implicated in cancer progression. GPRC6A is activated by cations, amino acids, and testosterone. The multiligand specificity, the regulation of energy metabolism in diverse tissues, and the coordinated release of metabolically active hormones make the GPRC6A endocrine networks unique. Recently, the significance of Ocn/GPRCA has been questioned. There is a lack of metabolic abnormalities in newly created genetically engineered Ocn- and Gprc6a-deficient mouse models. There are also paradoxical observations that GPRC6A may function as a tumor suppressor. In addition, discordant published studies have cast doubt on the function of the most prevalent uniquely human GPRC6A-KGKY polymorphism. Explanations for these divergent findings are elusive. We provide evidence that the metabolic susceptibility of genetically engineered Ocn- and Gprc6a-deficient mice is influenced by environmental challenges and genetic differences in mouse strains. In addition, the GPRC6A-KGKY polymorphism appears to be a gain-of-function variant. Finally, alternatively spliced isoforms of GPRC6A may alter ligand specificity and signaling that modulate oncogenic effects. Thus, genetic, post-translational and environmental factors likely account for the variable results regarding the functions of GPRC6A in animal models. Pending additional information, GPRC6A should remain a potential therapeutic target for regulating energy and fat metabolism, hormone production, and cancer progression.
Changes in Biceps Femoris Long Head Fascicle Length after 10-d Bed Rest Assessed with Different Ultrasound Methods
Authors: SARTO FABIO , MONTI ELENA , ŠIMUNIČ BOŠTJAN , PIŠOT RADO , NARICI MARCO V. , FRANCHI MARTINO V. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the changes in fascicle length (Lf) of biceps femoris long head (BFlh) after 10 d of bed rest (BR) by comparing four different ultrasound (US) methods.

Methods
Ten healthy men participated in 10-d BR. Before (BR0) and after (BR10) the BR period, BFlh Lf values were obtained using 1) extended-field-of-view (EFOV) technique, 2) the manual linear extrapolation (MLE) method, and 3) two trigonometric equations (equations A and B) from a single US image.

Results
After BR10, decreased Lf values were observed by EFOV (P < 0.001; Hedges’ g = 0.29) and MLE (P = 0.0082; g = 0.22) methods, but not with equations A and B. Differences between equation A and the other US methods were detected at both time points. The percentage of changes in Lf between BR0 and BR10 was influenced by the US methods applied, with difference detected between the changes measured by EFOV and the ones estimated by equation A (P = 0.04; g = 0.53). Bland–Altman analyses revealed relevant average absolute biases in Lf between EFOV and other methods at both time points (range BR0–BR10: MLE, 0.3–0.37 cm (3.4%–4.32%); equation B, 0.3–0.48 cm (3.24%–5.41%); equation A, 2.44–2.97 cm (24.05%–29.2%)). A significant correlation (r = 0.83) in percentage of change in Lf values was observed only between EFOV and MLE.

Conclusions
We showed that four distinct US methods lead to different results in the assessment of BFlh Lf changes after a short-term period of unloading. The implementation of EFOV technique (or alternatively MLE) to assess Lf changes in BFlh during longitudinal studies is warranted.
Synthesis and application of cationised cellulose for removal of Cr(VI) from acid mine-drainage contaminated water
Authors: Etale Anita , Nhlane Dineo S. , Mosai Alseno K. , Mhlongo Jessica , Khan Aaliyah , Rumbold Karl , Nuapia Yannick B. 
Published: January 2021

Background:Acid mine drainage (AMD) leads to contamination of surface and ground water by high levels of toxic metals including chromium. In many cases, these waters are sources of drinking water for communities, and treatment is therefore required before consumption to prevent negative health effects.Methods:Cationised hemp cellulose was prepared by etherification with two quaternary ammonium salts: 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CHPTAC) and glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) and examined for (i) the efficiency of Cr(VI) removal under acid mine-drainage (AMD) conditions, and (ii) antibacterial activity. Adsorbents were characterised by electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), CP-MAS13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, elemental composition and surface charge.Results:FTIR and solid state13C NMR confirmed the introduction of quaternary ammonium moieties on cellulose.13C NMR also showed that cationisation decreased the degree of crystallisation and lateral dimensions of cellulose fibrils. Nevertheless, 47 % - 72 % of Cr(VI) ions were removed from solutions at pH 4, by 0.1 g of CHPTAC and GTMAC-cationised cellulose, respectively. Adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second order model and isotherms were best described by the Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich models. When GTMAC-modified cellulose was applied to AMD contaminated water (pH 2.7); however, Cr(VI) removal decreased to 22% likely due to competition from Al and Fe ions. Cationised materials displayed considerable antibacterial effects, reducing the viability ofEscherichia coliby up to 45 % after just 3 hours of exposure.Conclusions:Together, these results suggest that cationised cellulose can be applied in the treatment of Cr(VI)-contaminated mine water particularly if pre-treatments to reduce Fe and Al concentrations are applied.
Making healthcare accessible for single adults with complex needs experiencing long-term homelessness: A realist evaluation protocol
Authors: Siersbaek Rikke , Ford John , Ní Cheallaigh Clíona , Burke Sara , Thomas Steve 
Published: January 2021

Background: Over the last several years, homelessness has increased in Ireland and across Europe. Rates have recently declined since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, but it is unclear whether emergency housing measures will remain in place permanently. Populations experiencing long-term homelessness face a higher burden of multi-morbidity at an earlier age than housed populations and have poorer health outcomes. However, this population also has more difficulty accessing appropriate health services. A realist review by the authors found that important health system contexts which impact access are resourcing, training, funding cycles, health system fragmentation, health system goals, how care is organised, culture, leadership and flexibility of care delivery. Using a realist evaluation approach, this research will explore and refine key system-level factors, highlighted in our realist review, in a local health care system. Aim: The aim of this study is to understand how funding procedures and health system performance management impact service settings, staff, providers and their ability to make services accessible to populations experiencing homelessness. Methods: A realist evaluation will be undertaken to explain how funding and health system performance management impact healthcare accessibility for populations experiencing homelessness. Data will be collected using qualitative and realist interview techniques and focus group methodology. Secondary data such as policy documents and budgets will utilised. The analysis will follow Pawson and Tilley’s iterative phases starting with building an Initial programme theory, then data collection, data analysis, synthesis and finally building a refined programme theory. Conclusion: Building on a realist review conducted by the same research team, this study will further test and refine findings that explain how health system factors impact healthcare accessibility for populations experiencing homelessness. The study has the potential to inform policy makers, health planners and managers of contextual factors that can be modified to increase healthcare accessibility.
Archetypowe i sakralne podstawy rosyjskiej kultury politycznej
Authors: Wasilenko Irina 
Published: January 2021

Archetypal and sacred grounds of the Russian political culture
The article provides the analysis of the basic archetypal and sacred symbols of Russian political culture. The author emphasizes that the archetypes and codes of culture, national traditions have had and continue to have a major influence on the formation of social and cultural identity of Russians and their worldview.
Przemiany tożsamości postradzieckich w Rosji
Authors: Kapicyn Władimir 
Published: January 2021

Changes of post‑Soviet identities in Russia
Having introduced the term „identifying method”, the author deals with changes of social and political identities in post‑Soviet Russia. Referring to cognitive model, comprising horizontal and vertical, as well as domestic and external components of national identity the paper analyzes the ways of perceiving the term „post‑Soviet identity”. Two parts are discerned in the sphere of joining national identity: modified axiological core and protective „covering”.
Interesy i wartości we współczesnych konfliktach międzynarodowych: ewolucyjna zmiana paradygmatu
Authors: Manojło Andriej 
Published: January 2021

Interests and values in contemporary international conflicts: evolutionary paradigm alternations
The paper deals with contemporary modernizing proposals of international conflicts resolution theories, based on axiological approach with reference to a paradigm guided by patterns of culture and civilization. A comparative analyses of Anglo‑Saxon, French‑German, Near‑Eastern and Far Eastern models of conflict resolution reveals insufficiency of these systems. Because of that insufficiencies some problems emerge during attempts to apply the above mentioned patterns in contemporary peacemaking operations. The author stresses the necessity of modernization of existing patterns. Revealed malfunction raises new requirements for the Russian model of conflicts resolution, based on civilizational patterns.
Trójkąt „Krym–Rosja–Ukraina": analiza polityczno‑prawna rozwoju wydarzeń
Authors: Jarulin Ildus , Jarulin Konstantin , Baszarymowa Dana 
Published: January 2021

The triangle: Crimea–Russia–Ukraine: political‑legal analysis of the developments
The article analyzes the events connected with the conduct in Crimea referendum on March 30, 2014, by results of which the Republic of Crimea became part of the Russian Federation. The authors present historical background and discuss the political and legal developments concerning the relations between the involved parties.
„Wewnętrzna” rusofobia i „kwestia polska” w Rosji w XIX w.
Authors: Szyrinianc Aleksandr , Myrikowa Anna 
Published: January 2021

The „internal” Russophobia and „the Polish issue” in 19th century Russia
The article is devoted to the phenomenon of Russophobia in Russia in XIX century. Outstanding Russian thinker and poet F. I. Tyutchev, who introduced the word Russophobia, characterized it as a multifaceted phenomenon. He drew attention to the fact that, apart from the western Russophobia there was an „internal” Russian Russophobia. An important part of it became the so‑called „Polish elements” as the result of the unresolved of the most accurate issues of the internal policy of Russia – the Polish question. The article presents the views of Russian journalism of those times on this topic. The works of F. H. Duhinski and J. Piłsudski are presented as examples of Polish Russophobia.
“Stiff Business Headwinds and Uncharted Economic Waters”: The Use of Euphemisms in Earnings Conference Calls
Authors: Suslava Kate 
Published: January 2021

This paper studies whether euphemisms obfuscate the content of earnings conference calls and cause investors to underreact. I argue that managers’ use of euphemisms can alleviate the impact of bad news and delay the market reaction to adverse information. Using a dictionary of corporate euphemisms, I find that their use by managers—but not by analysts—is negatively associated with both immediate and future abnormal returns, and their frequency moderates the negative market reaction to bad earnings news. Finally, stock underreaction is more pronounced on busy earnings announcement dates, when investor attention is distracted. This paper was accepted by Brian Bushee, accounting.
The Biomimetic Restorative Approach
Authors: Shah Deepa N 
Published: January 2021

Significant changes in prosthodontic considerations, with a movement away from traditional restorations and an emphasis on preservation of tooth structure, have led to the development of the concept of biomimetics in restorative dentistry. The idea of being able to design restorations, which are able to restore accurately the biomechanical, structural and aesthetic integrity of the biomechanically weakened tooth, has been embraced and adopted by clinicians globally. By combining key prosthodontic principles relating to occlusal design and the control of forces on teeth and restorations, together with minimally invasive adhesive dentistry, we are able to predictably restore the function and aesthetics of damaged dentitions without the need for aggressive tooth structure removal. Advances in dental materials science allowing minimal preparations and restorations that are strong and durable in thin section, as well as advances in adhesive dentistry have meant that the biomimetic restoration of teeth is no longer a novel concept, but something that we should all be applying as conservative and restorative dentists. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This paper describes the rationale and clinical protocols involved in the application of biomimetic restorative dentistry.
Cariology: Why is the 2018 Soft Drinks Levy Important to Dentistry?
Authors: Parr Alice MG 
Published: January 2021

The link between sugar and caries is a well-established relationship and the efforts to reduce patient sugar intake is part of daily practice for a holistic clinician. Sugar taxation has been employed by many countries in an attempt to deal with the worldwide concern of non-communicable diseases. Taxation of sugar in the UK could increase its revenue, reduce sugar intake and affect caries incidence; considering how the sugar levy could shape the way caries is managed important. Clinical Relevance: Review of modelling studies and actual change experienced in countries where tax has been implemented highlight what could happen in the UK and the impact this could have on dentistry and why this is important in daily practice.