bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field verification of single leak detection method based on transient pressures using optimization technique in in-situ irrigation pipeline system including branch junctions and diameter changes
Authors: Asada Yohei , Hagiwara Taiki , Tsubota Toma , Suzuki Tetsuya , Kurasawa Kanae , Kimura Masaomi , Azechi Issaku , Iida Toshiaki 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFor decades, leak detection methods utilizing pressure variations (transient test-based technique: TTBT) have been recognized as convenient and accurate for pipeline leak detection. However, their effectiveness in long-distance complex structured field pipelines has not been fully demonstrated, presenting significant challenges for practical implementation. This study, for the first time, tested the effectiveness of inverse transient analysis (ITA), a type of TTBT, on detecting a single-point leak in the Ogura irrigation pipeline system in Sado, Niigata, Japan. The system spans approximately 18 km and features several branches and diameter changes. We proposed a new ITA method using the transient model and the comprehensive learning particle swarm optimization (CLPSO) as the optimization technique. In the verification experiments, pressure variations were induced by closing the downstream valve under two different initial downstream flow rates (approximately 0.032 and 0.093 m3/s) in scenarios without a leak, with a leak near the downstream end of the main pipeline, and with a leak on the branch pipeline. The calibration of the transient model with the wave speed distribution as parameters was conducted prior to leak detection, demonstrating pre-estimation of this wave speed distribution is essential for accurate leak detection. The application of the proposed ITA for measured pressure variations resulted in averaged estimated leak location errors along the total length of the pipeline system with the standard deviations as follows: 0.217 ± 0.038% near the downstream end of the main pipeline for a 0.032 m3/s downstream flow, 0.978 ± 0.456% for a 0.093 m3/s flow, 1.843 ± 1.815% on the branch pipeline for a 0.032 m3/s flow, and 0.880 ± 0.560% for a 0.093 m3/s flow. In cases of the leak near the downstream end of the main pipeline, smaller steady flow rate resulted in smaller variability and higher accuracy in the estimated leak location. Conversely, for the leak in the branch pipeline, larger steady flow rate was better for the estimated leak position. This suggests that the optimal steady flow rate for accurate leak detection varies depending on the leak location. The leak sizes can be expressed as ratios of the estimated leakage discharges to the actual average irrigation water flow rate, resulting in values ranging from 4.86% to 8.58%. From these results, the proposed leak detection method is expected to contribute to reducing the effort and cost for irrigation engineers to narrow down potential leak areas in pipeline systems.
Negative trends in Rabbit populations in ‘Pest’ and ‘Non-Pest’ areas of central Spain after the outbreak of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2
Authors: Marin-Sáez Cristina , Delibes-Mateos Miguel , Cooke Brian , Santoro Simone , Castro Francisca , Villafuerte Rafael 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Despite increased conservation efforts, the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), a keystone species in the Iberian Peninsula, continues declining due to habitat degradation and viral diseases. Following the 2011 outbreak of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease virus GI.2, the species was listed as Endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). While rabbit declines in natural habitats are well documented, no research has separately analyzed population trends between areas where rabbits are managed as agricultural pests (rabbit emergency hunting areas: REHAs) and other areas, mostly natural (non-REHAs). Additionally, recent findings suggest divergent trends between the two rabbit subspecies, O. c. cuniculus and O. c. algirus, which coexist only in a limited area where their ranges overlap, with the latter possibly experiencing a more widespread decline. Here, we analyzed hunting yield data from ~ 6,000 hunting estates in Castilla-La Mancha (central Spain), spanning 2009 to 2022. Using linear mixed models (GLMMs), we found significant differences in rabbit hunting yields and trends between REHAs and non-REHAs, as well as between the subspecies’ distribution areas. Densities of hunted rabbits were higher in REHAs, while the lowest hunting yields were observed in O. c. algirus areas, consistent with studies suggesting its lower abundance. Population trends in non-REHAs showed declines for both subspecies, with a less pronounced decrease in O. c. cuniculus areas and near stability in REHAs inhabited by this subspecies. These findings reveal contrasting trends between subspecies and management areas, emphasizing the need for targeted management strategies tailored to agricultural and natural habitats and the specific ecological requirements of each subspecies.
Models of symbol emergence in communication: a conceptual review and a guide for avoiding local minima
Authors: Zubek Julian , Korbak Tomasz , Rączaszek-Leonardi Joanna 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Computational simulations are a popular method for testing hypotheses about the emergence of symbolic communication. This kind of research is performed in a variety of traditions including language evolution, developmental psychology, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, and robotics. The motivations for the models are different, but the operationalisations and methods used are often similar. We identify the assumptions and explanatory targets of the most representative models and summarise the known results. We claim that some of the assumptions—such as portraying meaning in terms of mapping, focusing on the descriptive function of communication, and modelling signals with amodal tokens—may hinder the success of modelling. Relaxing these assumptions and foregrounding the interactions of embodied and situated agents allows one to systematise the multiplicity of pressures under which symbolic systems evolve. In line with this perspective, we sketch the road towards modelling the emergence of meaningful symbolic communication, where symbols are simultaneously grounded in action and perception and form an abstract system.
Artificial intelligence for geometry-based feature extraction, analysis and synthesis in artistic images: a survey
Authors: Vijendran Mridula , Deng Jingjing , Chen Shuang , Ho Edmond S. L. , Shum Hubert P. H. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Artificial Intelligence significantly enhances the visual art industry by analyzing, identifying and generating digitized artistic images. This review highlights the substantial benefits of integrating geometric data into AI models, addressing challenges such as high inter-class variations, domain gaps, and the separation of style from content by incorporating geometric information. Models not only improve AI-generated graphics synthesis quality, but also effectively distinguish between style and content, utilizing inherent model biases and shared data traits. We explore methods like geometric data extraction from artistic images, the impact on human perception, and its use in discriminative tasks. The review also discusses the potential for improving data quality through innovative annotation techniques and the use of geometric data to enhance model adaptability and output refinement. Overall, incorporating geometric guidance boosts model performance in classification and synthesis tasks, providing crucial insights for future AI applications in the visual arts domain.
Climate displaces deposition as dominant driver of dissolved organic carbon concentrations in historically acidified lakes
Authors: Herreid Allison M. , Fazekas Hannah M. , Nelson Sarah J. , Wymore Adam S. , Murray Desneiges , Varner Ruth K. , McDowell William H. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractClimate and atmospheric deposition interact with watershed properties to drive dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in lakes. Because drivers of DOC concentration are inter-related and interact, it is challenging to assign a single dominant driver to changes in lake DOC concentration across spatiotemporal scales. Leveraging forty years of data across sixteen lakes, we used structural equation modeling to show that the impact of climate, as moderated by watershed characteristics, has become more dominant in recent decades, superseding the influence of sulfate deposition that was observed in the 1980s. An increased percentage of winter precipitation falling as rain was associated with elevated spring DOC concentrations, suggesting a mechanistic coupling between climate and DOC increases that will persist in coming decades as northern latitudes continue to warm. Drainage lakes situated in watersheds with fine-textured, deep soils and larger watershed areas exhibit greater variability in lake DOC concentrations compared to both seepage and drainage lakes with coarser, shallower soils, and smaller watershed areas. Capturing the spatial variability in interactions between climatic impacts and localized watershed characteristics is crucial for forecasting lentic carbon and nutrient dynamics, with implications for lake ecology and drinking water quality.
Remarks on the Safety of Lithium -Ion Batteries for Large-Scale Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) in the UK
Authors: Edwards Peter P. , Dobson Peter J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLarge grid-scale Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) are becoming an essential part of the UK energy supply chain and infrastructure as the transition from electricity generation moves from fossil-based towards renewable energy. The deployment of BESS is increasing rapidly with the growing realisation that renewable energy is not always instantly available and hence dispatchable when consumers need it. This paper is a brief overview of the fundamental battery chemistry and some of the important safety issues of these large, energy—dense facilities. Our aim is to examine the potential causes of major BESS “battery fires” and explosions and the essential mitigation procedures that must be in place before their further deployment. It is strongly recommended that there is a pause to the widespread ongoing deployment of BESS installations in the UK and indeed in all countries until the necessary health and safety (H&S) standards and practice are adopted through established appropriate regulatory conditions for BESS hazards.
Modernity Versus Tradition: Beyond the Ideological Dispute
Authors: Martin-Echebarria Gorka 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe process of implementing the liberal-bourgeois revolution was a transcendental event in Western history. The liberal revolutions of the eighteenth and, especially, nineteenth century, gave birth to a new world that sought to impose itself upon the traditional world, that of the Ancien Régime. The arrival of liberalism was not without conflicts, controversies, and dichotomies, which, on more than one occasion, were resolved on bloody battlefields and wars, both international and civil. The conflict between liberals and reactionaries generated a distinct material culture that amply illustrates the clash between these two worlds. This article delves into the effects this process had on the material culture of the time. To this end, several case studies of the Spanish nineteenth-century civil wars are presented, known as the Carlist Wars. We analyze the material culture of various archaeological sites comparatively with similar cases. The article concludes with a discussion of several of the aspects addressed: the conflict’s material expression, the dialectics between modernity and tradition, and its inherent contradictions.
High-Isolation Array Antenna Design for 5G mm-Wave MIMO Applications
Authors: Abbasi Nisar Ahmad , Virdee Bal , Din Iftikhar Ud , Ullah Sadiq , Althuwayb Ayman A. , Rashid Nasr , Soruri Mohammad , See Chan Hwang , Alibakhshikenari Mohammad 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A low form-factor design of an eight-element antenna array is presented for 5G mm-wave MIMO applications. The design features modified circular patch radiators that achieve an impedance bandwidth of 2.6 GHz, covering frequencies from 37.7 to 40.3 GHz. The radiating elements are strategically arranged on opposite sides of a common substrate and interleaved to significantly reduce mutual coupling between adjacent elements. This innovative technique effectively minimizes coupling between the array’s radiators without the need of a decoupling structure. The MIMO antenna is fabricated on a low-loss Rogers-5880 substrate, with a thickness of 0.8 mm, a dielectric constant of 2.2, and a loss tangent of 0.0009, ensuring minimal signal loss and confirming the accuracy of simulation results. The inter-element isolation exceeds 25 dB, and the array provides a gain greater than 6 dBi, with a peak gain of 7.5 dBi at 39 GHz. This high gain enhances the antenna’s ability to mitigate atmospheric attenuation at higher frequencies, making it highly suitable for 5G mm-wave applications.
The potential for spatial ability development through the Swedish technology and craft compulsory curricula
Authors: Lin Ting Jun , Buckley Jeffrey , Gumaelius Lena , Ampadu Ernest 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSpatial ability has been demonstrated to be a significant predictor of students’ achievement in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education. While several studies have focused on offering supplementary or isolated spatial training interventions, this study focuses on spatial ability development through embedded interventions within technology curricula. Specifically, document analysis is adopted in this study to identify the potential areas for spatial ability development within the Swedish compulsory Technology and Craft curricula. A framework consisting of two dimensions has been established by a qualitative coding approach. The first dimension, termed the “visual dimension”, encompasses graphical, property, and manufactured components, reflecting the spatial nature of the information that students engage with. The second dimension, termed the “epistemic dimension”, comprises conceptual and procedural knowledge, representing the types of knowledge students acquire. The framework allows educators to identify potential areas for developing spatial ability within technology curricula. Additionally, it is envisioned that this framework could increase awareness of how to spatialise curriculum and pedagogies among various stakeholders, including policymakers and teacher trainers.
The Knowledge and Preferences of Parents/Carers of Autistic Children and Young People about Technology Devices
Authors: Kouroupa Athanasia , Irvine Karen , Mengoni Silvana E. , Sharma Shivani 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study explored parents’/carers’ knowledge, interest, and preferences towards technology devices as support mediums for autistic children, the reasoning behind any choice and the factors associated with the most preferred technology device. Technology devices were conceptualised as smartphones, iPods, tablets, virtual reality, robots, and ‘other’ for participants to list their own further interpretations of technology devices. Survey data were collected from 267 parents/carers of autistic children aged 2–18 years internationally between May to October 2020. Parents/carers of autistic children and young people were aware of, interested in and mostly preferred the use of tablets because of their convenience and ease of use. They least preferred virtual reality followed by robots due to both being overwhelming, cold, inconvenient to transport and expensive. Robots, in particular, were unknown to respondents. The data suggested that some technology devices as a support medium are not widely known to families of autistic children and young people in support programmes. Technology devices need to be financially approachable and achieve a high standard of design to engage users. Future research should focus on gathering evidence from the autistic community about their preferences and views of technology devices as a medium in autism support programmes.
The Effect of Plant Food Treatment on Stable Isotopes and Their Relevance for Archaeological Studies: A Methodological Pilot Study
Authors: Baumann Chris , Larbey Cynthia , Ebner Martin , Bocherens Hervé , Hardy Karen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPlants are a crucial part of the human diet, serving as a primary source of micronutrients, fiber, and carbohydrates, providing readily available energy. Beyond the consumption of cooked and raw edible plants, early humans also developed methods for plant processing for delayed consumption, to de-toxify/improve bioavailability, and perhaps for flavor. In later prehistory delayed consumption includes preservation processes for storage. The processing of plants through sprouting, fermentation, cooking, and roasting has not only expanded the variety of consumable plant species but also enhanced their nutritional value. There are few methods for detecting fermented foods in the early prehistoric diet. Based on the hypothesis that the microbes active in fermentation change the nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios of plant foods, our pilot study lays the groundwork for further research, offering a promising direction for understanding the complexities of human-plant interactions throughout history. This study focuses on these four plant treatment methods, which have both contemporary relevance and archaeobotanical evidence of use. We aimed to explore how these treatments might affect stable isotope values, such as carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N), which are crucial for reconstructing ancient diets. Through an experimental approach involving 12 plant species, our findings suggest that while sprouting and roasting had minimal impact on isotopic values, fermentation and cooking showed more variable effects depending on the plant species. These preliminary results provide new insights into the influence of plant processing on isotopic compositions and underscore the importance of considering these factors in dietary reconstructions.
Marine heatwave off Tokai, Japan, attributed to the Kuroshio Large Meander Path, and an associated increase in summer rainfall over Japan
Authors: Sugimoto Shusaku 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Tokai and Kanto districts in Japan have 50 million inhabitants and its summer climate is characterized by large rainfall. The Kuroshio, which flows off the southern coast of the Tokai–Kanto districts, took a large meander (LM) path since the summer of 2017 for the first time since the 2004/2005 event and is still ongoing. Satellite observations reveal that sea surface temperature (SST) in a coastal region off the Tokai–Kanto districts were about 3 °C higher than the climatology during the present LM event (August 2017–December 2023), with maximum anomalies of + 5 °C. This warming signal constitutes a coastal marine heatwave attributable to the LM path. Regional atmospheric model experiments present that the coastal SST warming (3 °C above climatology) in summer, under prevailing monsoonal southerly winds, enhances surface-level southerly winds and water vapor in the lower atmosphere, leading to water vapor transport toward the Tokai district. This results in atmospheric instability and rainfall increase (as much as 150%) over the Tokai district. The coastal area off the Tokai–Kanto districts exhibits no significant long-term SST increase under present climate from 1982 to 2016, before the beginning of the present LM event. However, the high-resolution ocean model projects considerable warming of this coastal region under a high CO2 emission scenario, with SST increase by about 2 °C as early as 2050. Our experiments reveal that a 5 °C SST increase doubles rainfall in the Tokai district. This study will improve weather and seasonal forecasting and advances the prevention and mitigation of rainfall-related risks.
Effect of substituted cyclodextrins on ibrutinib solubility and characterization of IBR-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes by isothermal titration calorimetry in solution state
Authors: Swarna Sridhar Babu , Gupta Pardeep 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Ibrutinib (IBR) is a Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor, a potent drug used in the treatment of various B cell malignancies. The IBR has poor bioavailability due to low aqueous solubility and high first-pass metabolism. The current research aims to enhance the IBR aqueous solubility by complexation with substituted beta-cyclodextrins and characterize the inclusion complexes using isothermal titration calorimetry. The complexation rate constants calculated from phase solubility study and isothermal titration calorimetry range from 1000 to 6600M−1, indicating stable inclusion complexes' formation. The driving forces for the formation of inclusion complexes in the solution state are characterized by isothermal titration calorimetry. The thermodynamic parameters such as negative Gibbs free energy change, negative change in enthalpy values, and positive change in entropy values indicate that the formation of inclusion complexes is a spontaneous reaction.
Back to normalities, plural? A longitudinal disaster-management perspective on Covid-19 in higher education
Authors: Spörk Julia , Ledermüller Karl , Vettori Oliver 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper offers a fresh perspective on the COVID-19 situation of higher education institutions from a disaster-management perspective. Based on conceptual models of disaster management theory and with the help of a longitudinal multi-method, multi-perspective approach, this research contributes to better understanding the challenges during and “after” such a crisis. The COVID-19 pandemic started with a single event (e.g. campuses are shut down because of a dangerous disease) and transformed into a situation where new events (like new virus mutants) deepened the crisis during the hypothetical restabilisation phases. This includes the switch from a very coherent problem perception of all institutional actors in the beginning, to different and conflicting viewpoints and preferences over time. The paper argues that these developments contribute to the already fragmented realities of higher education institutions, e.g. by never giving institutions the time to agree on how to deal with the abundance of options in the long run.