bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laying Hen Performance and Yolk Iodine, Cobalt and Iron Content Increased by Dietary Supplementation of Potassium Iodide, Vitamin B12 and Ferrous Sulfate
Authors: Aghdashi Mir Nima , Nobakht Ali , Mehmannavaz Yousef 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this experiment, 320 laying hens of HyLine W-36 strain were used in a 2 🞩 2 🞩 2 factorial arrangement with 8 treatments with 8 birds in each pen,including 0 and 400 mg.kg of iron salt (Fe), 0 and 450 mg.kg of iodide (I) and 0 and 0.1 mg.kg of vitamin B12 in 5 replicates and replicate in from 26 to 39 weeks in a completely randomized design. Dietary experiments had significant effects on the performance of laying hens at the end of the experiment period (P < 0:05). The use of I, B12 and Fe salts had significant effects on the content of these microelements of egg yolks in the main effects and interactions (P < 0:05). In the interaction of Fe and I, the use of 450 mg.kg of I and 0 level of Fe increased the I content of egg yolks (P < 0:05). In 400 mg.kg of Fe combined with I, or the use of 400 mg.kg of Fe with 0 level of iodine salt caused a sharp decrease in the I content of eggs (P < 0:05). Supplementation of laying diets with Fe and I had no significant effects on egg yolk content of Fe and Cobalt (Co) (P > 0:05). However, I content in yolk was significantly reduced (P < 0:05). In the interaction of treatments containing Fe and vitamin B12, the lowest amount of Co and the highest level of I were observed at the 0 level of both of these supplements (P < 0:05) whereas, the combined use of Fe and vitamin B12 increased the level of cobalt and decreased the iodine content of eggs (P < 0:05). Interactions of I and vitamin B12 showed the lowest levels of I and cobalt at 0 levels of these two salts in hens' diets, while the combined use of these salts increased the iron, cobalt and iodine content of eggs (P < 0:05). In the three-way effects between these salts, iron content, cobalt of eggs increased and the highest amount of iodine was observed in the third treatments which contained iodine without vitamin B12 and iron (P < 0:05). Treatments had no significant effects on cobalt content of eggs (P < 0:05). Overall results showed that the use of iron, iodine, and vitamin B12 salt supplements has improved the performance of hens, as well as the egg content, including iron, iodine, and cobalt, and improved some of the economic characteristics of hens.
Gastric polypoid lesions detected on magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Matsuki Mitsuru , Numoto Isao , Hamakawa Takefumi , Ishii Kazunari , Otani Tomoyuki 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: On magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) using a negative oral contrast agent, the gastric lumen appear dark, and gastric polypoid lesions can be seen. To our knowledge, there are no reports examining gastric polypoid lesions detected on MRCP.We exained the characteristics of gastric polypoid lesions detected on MRCP and discussed the management of the lesions.Material and Methods: MRCP images using a negative oral contrast agent were retrospectively evaluated in 1128 cases, and gastric polypoid lesions detected were investigated.Results: Gastric polypoid lesions were detected in 17 of the 1128 cases (1.5%) on MRCP. The mean patient age and gender were 66.7 years (range: 48-85 years) and 7 males / 10 females. A single lesion was detected in 4 cases, 2 to 4 lesions were detected in 6 cases, 5 to 10 lesions in 3 cases, and 11 or more in 4 cases. In 4 cases, the upper, middle, and lower portions of the stomach were occupied with polypoid lesions, in 4 cases, the upper and middle portions were occupied, in 1 case, the middle and lower portions were occupied, and in 8 cases, only the upper portion was occupied. One lesion was detected in 4 cases, 2 to 4 lesions were detected in 6 cases, 5 to 10 lesions in 3 cases, and 11 or more in 4 cases. The mean maximum diameter of the polypoid lesions was 7.8 mm (range: 4-16 mm). An upper endoscopy and forceps biopsy were performed in 9 of the 17 cases. The histological diagnosis was fundic gland polyps in 6 cases and hyperplastic polyps in 3 cases.Conclusion: Gastric polypoid lesions can rarely be detected on MRCP. The polypoid lesions were histologically fundic gland polyps or hyperplastic polyps. In the future, we will prospectively review more cases and examine indication of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to gastric polypoid lesions detected on MRCP.
Large Antenna Array with Hybrid Beamforming System for 5G Indoor Communication Network Deployments
Authors: P Jeyakumar , E Malar , S Srinitha , P Muthuchidambaranathan , Ramesh Arvind Ramesh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The millimeter-wave multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technology is the frontier for 5G communication systems. This work contributes a large antenna array with a limited number of radio frequency chains using the hybrid beamforming (HBF) technique that overcomes extreme path loss in the mmWave system to improve spectral efficiency. The link budget analysis is given for the target data rate of 11.3 Gbps for the point-to-point communication. The number of antenna elements required for the proposed antenna array is determined via link budget analysis. The proposed system includes single element patch antenna configuration, array factor analysis, and beam steering capability. The transmit and receive antenna gain specifications minimize the path loss and improve the system throughput. Combiners and hybrid precoders are designed together in an iterative way for reducing the cost function of the weighted minimum mean squared(WMMSE) error. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed HBF algorithm performance is highly effective and performs closer to the fully digital beamforming technique. The proposed large antenna array with HBF uses the New York University Simulator (NYUSIM) to perform omnidirectional and directional power delay profile analysis with the most potent power. The proposed large antenna array with HBF methodology provides an optimal approach to indoor point-to-point communication deployments.
Enhanced Endogenous Amino Acids and Energy Metabolism Level for cAMP Biosynthesis by Arthrobacter sp. CCTCC 2013431 with Citrate as Cosubstrate
Authors: Li Zhigang , Chen Baofeng , Gu Yang , Tan Hai , Zhang Zhonghua , Chang Jingling 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objectives In our previous study, citrate was used as auxiliary energy substance for improving cAMP fermentation performance, however, the regulation mechanism of citrate on improved cAMP contents was not clear. To elucidate the regulation mechanism, cAMP fermentations with/without citrate addition were conducted in a 7 L fermentor using Arthrobacter sp. CCTCC 2013431 and assays on key enzymes activities, energy metabolism level, amino acids contents and peroxidation level were performed. Results With 3 g/L-broth sodium citrate added, cAMP concentration and conversion yield from glucose reached 4.34 g/L and 0.076 g/g which were improved by 30.7% and 29.8%, respectively, when compared with those of control. Citrate changed carbon flux distribution among different routes and more carbon flux was directed into pentose phosphate pathway beneficial to cAMP synthesis. Meanwhile, energy metabolism together with precursor amino acids levels were improved significantly owing to strengthened metabolic intensity of tricarboxylate cycle by exogenous citrate utilization which provided energy and substance basis for cAMP production. Moreover, higher glutamate synthesis and oxidative stress caused by citrate addition consumed excessive NADPH derived from pentose phosphate pathway by which feedback suppression for pentose phosphate pathway was relieved efficiently.Conclusion Citrate promoted cAMP fermentation production by Arthrobacter sp. CCTCC2013431 due to enhanced precursor amino acids, energy metabolism level and relieved feedback suppression for pentose phosphate pathway.
Genetic Findings in a Cohort of Patients with Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
Authors: Wang Wencui , Zheng Sichang , Zhao Yu , Wan Zhihan , Han Rulai , Qi Yan , Ning Guang , Sun Shouyue , Ye Lei , Wang Weiqing 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a rare X-linked recessive inherited disorder caused by mutations in AR, a gene encoding androgen receptor. The aim of this study was to expand genetic spectrum of AIS.Methods: We performed a retrospective study on consecutive patients diagnosed as AIS from 2010 to 2020 in a single tertiary center. Variant analysis of AR gene was performed by PCR-Sanger sequencing. The pathogenicity of novel variants was evaluated by dual-luciferase reporter assay and immunofluorescence of AR protein in vitro. Results: A total of 19 unrelated 46,XY patients were enrolled, 14 with complete insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) and 5 with partial insensitivity syndrome (PAIS). We identified 19 AR variants: 12 (63.2%) were missense variants and 7 variants (36.8%) resulted in premature stop codon. Eight AR variants were novel, including P15Afs*69, S258Efs*47, W435Gfs*44, C560F, C577W, C580Afs*46, K718X and V819G. Dual-luciferase reporter assay found residual transcription activity of approximately 1% in six novel variants, which may explain the CAIS phenotype. The AR mutant protein (V819G) showed transcription activity of 59%, consistent with mild clinical features in one PAIS patient. Interestingly, another AR mutant protein (K718X) related to CAIS showed increased transcription activity but impaired nuclear localization. Conclusions: We identified eight novel AR variants related to AIS. Both residual transcription activity of AR and nuclear localization of AR protein were associated with the severity of AIS.
Dynamic Hyperchaotic Key Generation Using Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing-based Visible Light Communication Networks
Authors: Alresheedi Mohammed , AL-MOLIKI YAHYA , Al-Harthi Yahya , Alqahtani Ali 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper introduces an optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based hyperchaotic key generation encryption approach that can improve confidentiality in visible light communication (VLC) networks. Using a hyperchaotic four-dimensional method, the bipolar real-valued OFDM signal can be used for constructing dynamic cypher keys modified at every frame over the communication time, resulting in a superior degree of protection against statistical and correlation attacks. In accordance with our findings, this approach decreases the ratio of peak-to-average power of the transmitted signal, and enhances the bit error rate efficiency and secrecy capacity of the OFDM-based VLC network, which improves confidentiality.
Probiotic Supplementation and Systemic Inflammation in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Ahmad , Nematollahi Shima , Husain Durdana , Banaei-Jahromi Nasrin , Majdinasab Nastaran , Rahimlou Mehran 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex inflammatory disease in which demyelination occurs in the central nervous system affecting approximately 2.5 million people worldwide. Intestinal microbiome changes play an important role in the etiology of chronic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effect of probiotic supplementation on systemic inflammation in patients with MS.Methods: A twenty-four-week double-blind clinical trial study was designed and seventy patients with MS were randomly divided into two groups receiving probiotics and placebo. Patients in the intervention group received two capsules containing multi-strain probiotics daily and patients in the control group received the same amount of placebo. Factors associated with systemic inflammation were assessed at the beginning and end of the study.Results: Sixty-five patients were included in the final analysis. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of baseline variables except for the duration of the disease (P>0.05). At the end of the study, probiotic supplementation compared to the placebo caused a significant reduction in the serum levels of CRP (-0.93± 1.62 vs. 0.05 ± 1.74, P=0.03), TNF-a ( -2.09 ± 1.88 vs. 0.48 ± 2.53, P=0.015) and IFN-γ (-13.18± 7.33 vs. -1.93± 5.99, P<0.001). Also, we found a significant increase in the FOXP3 and TGF-β levels in the intervention group (P<0.05).Conclusion: The results of our study showed that supplementation with probiotics can have beneficial effects on serum levels of some factors associated with systemic inflammation.Trial registration: Approved by the Ethics Committee of the Ahwaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. This study was registered within Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) ( http://www.irct.ir) under the number IRCT20181210041918N2.
Terahertz Photoconductive Antennas based on Arrays of Metal Nanoparticle Structures
Authors: Gholami Saeid , Bahari Ali 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this study, in order to amplify the radiation at Terahertz (THz) photoconductive antennas, metal nanoparticles are used in semiconductor layers based on plasmonic principles. The use of nanoparticles between antenna electrodes and semiconductor layers not only enhances the THz radiation intensity but also changes the radiation frequency peak. The changes of electric charge carriers versus the strike of laser pulses and the production of an electric current on the antenna surface are simulated with the COMSOL Multiphysics software through the FEM method. The changes of the electric current at the semiconductive surface generate electric field radiation. This has been simulated using the CST STUDIO software through the FDTD method.
Exploring Conflict, War and HIV/AIDS on Health of the Internally Displaced Persons living in North Central Nigeria
Authors: Bala Nalah Augustine , Azman Azlinda , Singh Paramjit Singh Jamir 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Conflict and war poses severe threat to the health and psychosocial well-being of every nation. It increases population displacement and high risk-behaviours thereby making the Internally Displaced Persons vulnerable to HIV/AIDS. The IDPs, therefore, need a collaborative community-based approach and social support system by the government, healthcare providers and the international organizations to tackle the impact of conflict and the post-conflict activities on vulnerability of HIV/AIDS among people living in IDPs camps. Methods: This qualitative study explores and analyses the psychosocial issues identified to increase the risk of HIV among IDPs. Twenty participants aged 18 to 57 years purposively selected from 6 camps in Benue and Nasarawa States participated in the face-to-face semi-structured interview from June to November 2020. Thematic analysis using ATLAS.ti8 software analyses the data collected by transcribing and coding the interview transcripts into themes and sub-themes. The findings calculated through thematic network analysis and presented in a graphical and word cloud analysis. Results: The study findings reveals that conflict and post-conflict activities by the armed bandits, refugees/IDP camps, children and women, family relations, and the uniform personnel increase the risk of contracting HIV among people living in IDP camps. Conclusion: Most victims who settle for IDP camps and family relations became victims of rape, sexual transaction, drug abuse, child abuse, prostitution, and banditry activities which possess major threat to the health and psychological well-being of the victims.Trial Registration: The study emphasized a collaborative effort of the government and the healthcare providers through a community-based approach to organize social support programmes on vocational skills acquisition and HIV education for the internally displaced persons and family relations. Also, the study recommended that the military, especially the younger uniform personnel, receive training on HIV/AIDS prevention.
Bacterial Distribution On The Ocular Surface of Patients With Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome
Authors: Kim Yong Chan , Ham Bak Noon , Kang Kui Dong , Yun Jun Myeong , Kwon Man Jae , Kim Hyun Seung , Hwang Hyung Bin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Many studies have shown that gut microbial dysbiosis is a major factor in the etiology of autoimmune diseases but none have suggested that the ocular surface (OS) microbiome is associated with Sjögren’s syndrome (SS). In this prospective study, we analyzed bacterial distribution on the OS in patients with primary SS. Among the 120 subjects included in this study, 48 patients (group A) had primary SS, whereas 72 subjects (group B) had dry eye symptoms that were unrelated to SS. We evaluated clinical dry eye parameters such as the OS disease index, ocular staining score, Schirmer’s test, and tear break-up time. Conjunctival swabs were used to analyze the microbial communities from the two groups. Bacterial 16S rRNA genes were sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform, and the data were analyzed using the QIIME 1.9.1 program. The Shannon index was significantly lower in group A than in group B microbiota. An analysis of similarity using the Bray–Curtis distance method found no difference in beta-diversity between the two groups. In group A, Actinobacteria at the phylum level and Corynebacteria at the genus level exhibited low abundance, but the differences were not statistically significant. SS apparently decreases the diversity of the OS microbial community and may affect the abundance of some bacterial strains at the phylum and genus levels. These observations may be important for the pathophysiology of SS and should be investigated in future studies.
In Silicon Design of Antimicrobial Oligopeptides Based on 3D-QSAR Modelling and Bioassay Evaluation
Authors: Li Guangping , Wang Yuxuan , Shen Yan , Guo Haiqiong , He Qingxiu , Hu Yong , Liu Haibin , Lin Zhihua , Wang Yuanqiang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The emergence of multi-drug resistance bacteria poses great health theat. Therefore, it is a crucial demand to obtain new antibacterial drugs. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have the characteristics of wide antimicrobial spectrum and lower drug resistance, hence, it is hopeful to substitute for classical antibiotics. In this study, two classic methods, comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity index analysis (CoMSIA), were used to analysis the structural feature of small AMPs against S. aureus or E. coli respectively. Subsequently, Three-Dimensional Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (3D-QSAR) models (for S. aureus, CoMFA: Q2 = 0.512, R2 = 0.943, F = 59.916; CoMSIA: Q2 = 0.645, R2 = 0.993, F = 339.242; for E. Coli, CoMFA: Q2 = 0.507, R2 = 0.913, F = 66.862; CoMSIA: Q2 = 0.573, R2 = 0.966, F = 96.84) with good predictability and stability were constructed. Seven novel small AMPs were designed and synthesized based on the theoretical model. The novel AMPs showed potent antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli without causing host toxicity. Our findings provide a potential therapeutic option using 3D-QSAR models guiding the design and modification of novel AMPs, to address the prevalent infections caused by MDR bacterial.
Validation and minimum important difference of the UCSD shortness of breath questionnaire in fibrotic interstitial lung disease
Authors: Chen Tao , Tsai Amy Po Yu , Hur Seo Am , Wong Alyson W. , Sadatsafavi Mohsen , Fisher Jolene H. , Johannson Kerri A. , Assayag Deborah , Morisset Julie , Shapera Shane , Khalil Nasreen , Fell Charlene D. , Manganas Helene , Cox Gerard , To Teresa , Gershon Andrea S. , Hambly Nathan , Halayko Andrew J. , Wilcox Pearce G , Kolb Martin , Ryerson Christopher J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Rationale: The University of California, San Diego Shortness of Breath Questionnaire (UCSDSOBQ) is a frequently used domain-specific dyspnea questionnaire; however, there is little information available regarding its use and minimum important difference (MID) in fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD). We aimed to describe the key performance characteristics of the UCSDSOBQ in this population. Methods: UCSDSOBQ scores and selected anchors were measured in 1933 patients from the prospective multi-center Canadian Registry for Pulmonary Fibrosis. Anchors included the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions 5 Levels questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) and EQ visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS), percent-predicted forced vital capacity (FVC%), diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO%), and 6-minute walk distance (6MWD). Concurrent validity, internal consistency, ceiling and floor effects, and responsiveness were assessed, followed by estimation of the MID by anchor-based (linear regression) and distribution-based methods (standard error of measurement). Results: The UCSDSOBQ had a high level of internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha=0.97), no obvious floor or ceiling effect, strong correlations with SGRQ, EQ-5D-5L, and EQ-VAS (|r|>0.5), and moderate correlations with FVC%, DLCO%, and 6MWD (0.3<|r|<0.5). The MID estimate for UCSDSOBQ was 5 points (1-8) for the anchor-based method, and 4.5 points for the distribution-based method. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the validity of UCSDSOBQ in a large and heterogeneous population of patients with fibrotic ILD, and provides a robust MID estimate of 5 to 8 points.
Information generation in interactions: the link between evolutionary game theory and evolutionary economics
Authors: Sengupta Nirmal 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
While criticizing the analytical settings of human interactions for their unrealistic nature many scholars have also suggested improvement measures. We incorporate those in the existing theories, whereupon the simple game theoretic settings change into those of countless decisions made by millions of individuals with diverse interests and abilities trying to interact in varieties of situations. By applying evolutionary game theory we are able to show that the evolutionary selection process steers the complexities away from chaos to orderly and resilient interaction systems. The information content of the emerging order is operationalized as norms, institutions, trust etc. It accompanies novel phenomena and co-evolves with physical, technical and cognitive systems. All these phenomena are evident in reality and are of considerable interest in economic and social studies. JEL No. : B41, D80, C65, C73, A12
The Space-evolution Frame as Alternative to Space-time
Authors: Du Xiaonan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
As a alternative to Minkowski spacetime frame, this paper propose a four dimensional Euclidean space that combine three spacial dimension with evolution instead of time. It is called space-evolution, in which time is considered as world line length and is absolute. The space-evolution frame provide a new perspective for understanding of time, space and special relativity. The new frame is self-consistent without losing compatibility to special relativity, the Lorentz transform and its predictions could be derived geometrically by simple coordinate rotation.