bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electronic medical records and primary care quality: Evidence from Manitoba
Authors: Rodriguez Llorian Elisabet , Mason Gregory 
Published: March 2021

AbstractImprovements in quality of care through supporting decision‐making processes and increased efficiency have prompted widespread implementation of electronic medical records (EMRs) in Canada. Using a set of indicators of preventive care, chronic disease management, and hospitalizations due to ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC), this study measures the effect of EMR adoption on quality of primary care measures. Population‐based data for the Canadian province of Manitoba are used in a difference‐in‐differences approach with patient‐ and time‐fixed effects. Evidence of changes in the selected quality‐of‐care indicators is weak, with preventive care, management of asthma, and hospitalizations showing no significant change due to EMR adoption. A statistically significant increase in the quality of diabetes care was found for EMR users, changes being larger for late EMR adopters which is possibly explained by a network effect. This research demonstrates that measuring whether EMRs prompt changes in the quality of care confronts serious challenges. The rapid evolution and gradual adoption of EMR technology, the inevitable learning/acceptance process by individual health practitioners, and its potential reflection on different patient populations create unmeasurable variables that confound EMRs' impact. This study also underscores the importance of data development to support the economic value of EMRs.
A retrospective chart review to determine the safety and efficacy of prazosin for nightmares related to posttraumatic stress disorder in veterans
Authors: Diokpa Chinedu , Backe Kristen , Pinsonnault John 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of prazosin for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)‐related nightmares in veterans and to analyze subgroup benefit/risk to guide prescribing.MethodsPatients with a previous prescription for prazosin between 1 June 2007 and 30 June 2017 were collected from the institution's electronic records. Efficacy (including nightmare frequency, and clinical PTSD rating scales) and safety (including blood pressure) data were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsEighty‐four patients were included in the analysis. The primary outcome, item 2 of the PTSD checklist, decreased from 4.00 to 3.19 (on a scale of 1–5), which was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Nightmare frequency was found to have a statistically significant decrease from four to two times per week on average (p = 0.00002, 95% CI 2.36 [1.39–3.33]). Of the patients who reported the greatest response (n = 23), 91% (n = 21) were on an antidepressant and 61% (n = 14) were receiving concurrent psychotherapy. This is compared to 90% (n = 76) and 44% (n = 37) of the total cohort, respectively. No significant differences were found in blood pressure or suicidal ideation (p = 0.58 and p = 0.22, respectively).ConclusionPrazosin may be considered as an adjunct option to decrease nightmare frequency in patients already receiving first‐line treatment.
Small‐area analysis on socioeconomic inequalities in cancer survival for 25 cancer sites in Germany
Authors: Finke Isabelle , Behrens Gundula , Maier Werner , Schwettmann Lars , Pritzkuleit Ron , Holleczek Bernd , Kajüter Hiltraud , Gerken Michael , Mattutat Johann , Emrich Katharina , Jansen Lina , Brenner Hermann ,   for the German Cancer Survival Working Group
Published: March 2021

AbstractSocioeconomic inequalities in cancer survival have been reported in various countries but it is uncertain to what extent they persist in countries with relatively comprehensive health insurance coverage such as Germany. We investigated the association between area‐based socioeconomic deprivation on municipality level and cancer survival for 25 cancer sites in Germany. We used data from seven population‐based cancer registries (covering 32 million inhabitants). Patients diagnosed in 1998 to 2014 with one of 25 most common cancer sites were included. Area‐based socioeconomic deprivation was assessed using the categorized German Index of Multiple Deprivation (GIMD) on municipality level. We estimated 3‐month, 1‐year, 5‐year and 5‐year conditional on 1‐year age‐standardized relative survival using period approach for 2012 to 2014. Trend analyses were conducted for periods between 2003‐2005 and 2012‐2014. Model‐based period analysis was used to calculate relative excess risks (RER) adjusted for age and stage. In total, 2 333 547 cases were included. For all cancers combined, 5‐year survival rates by GIMD quintile were 61.6% in Q1 (least deprived), 61.2% in Q2, 60.4% in Q3, 59.9% in Q4 and 59.0% in Q5 (most deprived). For most cancer sites, the most deprived quintile had lower 5‐year survival compared to the least deprived quintile even after adjusting for stage (all cancer sites combined, RER 1.16, 95% confidence interval 1.14‐1.19). For some cancer sites, this association was stronger during short‐term follow‐up. Trend analyses showed improved survival from earlier to recent periods but persisting deprivation differences. The underlying reasons for these persisting survival inequalities and strategies to overcome them should be further investigated.
Elevating dental training to prioritize prevention efforts for reducing HPV‐related oropharyngeal cancer incidence
Authors: Nelson Joni D. , Lubker Irene , Bowers Leah , Neville Brad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infections are commonly recognized in the United States with associations to cancers of the vulva, vagina, penis, anus, and oropharynx; the incidence of HPV‐related oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) in the United States is on the rise.1 The aims of this scoping review were to examine the curricula of pre‐doctoral dental students with respect to dental students: (1) awareness of the connection between OPC and HPV; (2) readiness to screen for OPC; and (3) ability to deliver patient education about OPC and its relation to HPV. We also codified published educational materials related to OPC and HPV for pre‐doctoral dental students. Literature searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC), the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (EBSCO), and Dissertation Abstracts–ProQuest. After screening titles and abstracts, we selected 36 articles for full text review. Only articles reporting pre‐doctoral dental training in HPV and OPC were included in the review, which resulted in 15 articles being excluded from the study. Only two studies in this review specifically discussed a curriculum that would involve educating dental students on HPV‐related OPC. This scoping review also found that the majority of existing training opportunities for OPC and HPV are through post‐graduate continuing education. To address these deficiencies, competencies regarding the HPV‐OPC connection should be included within pre‐doctoral dental training programs. As such, we identified four key strategies for advancing HPV‐OPC content within pre‐doctoral dental training curricula.
Phosphatase Shp2 regulates biogenesis of small extracellular vesicles by dephosphorylating Syntenin
Authors: Zhang Yuefei , Li Yiqing , Liu Pan , Gong Dacheng , Zhou Hui , Li Wenjuan , Zhang Huilun , Zheng Wenfang , Xu Jiaqi , Cheng Hongqiang , Zhang Xue , Ke Yuehai 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs novel mediators of cell‐to‐cell signalling, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) play a critical role in physiological and pathophysiological processes. To date, the molecular mechanisms that support sEV generation are incompletely understood. Many kinases are reported for their roles in sEV generation or composition, whereas the involvement of phosphatases remains largely unexplored. Here we reveal that pharmacological inhibition and shRNA‐mediated down‐regulation of tyrosine phosphatase Shp2 significantly increases the formation of sEVs. By Co‐immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) and in vitro dephosphorylation assays, we identified that Shp2 negatively controlled sEV biogenesis by directly dephosphorylating tyrosine 46 of Syntenin, which has been reported as a molecular switch in sEV biogenesis. More importantly, Shp2 dysfunction led to enhanced epithelial sEV generation in vitro and in vivo. The increase of epithelial sEVs caused by shRNA‐mediated down‐regulation of Shp2 promoted macrophage activation, resulting in strengthened inflammation. Our findings highlight the role of Shp2 in regulating sEV‐mediated epithelial‐macrophage crosstalk by controlling sEV biogenesis through dephosphorylation of Syntenin Y46. The present study determines the strengthened inflammatory characteristics of alveolar macrophages elicited by epithelial sEVs transferred intercellularly. These findings provide a basis for understanding the mechanism of sEV formation and relevant function in epithelial‐macrophage crosstalk.
Retrospective Camera‐Based Respiratory Gating in Clinical Whole‐Heart 4D Flow MRI
Authors: Gottwald Lukas M. , Blanken Carmen P.S. , Tourais João , Smink Jouke , Planken R. Nils , Boekholdt S. Matthijs , Meijboom Lilian J. , Coolen Bram F. , Strijkers Gustav J. , Nederveen Aart J. , van Ooij Pim 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundRespiratory gating is generally recommended in 4D flow MRI of the heart to avoid blurring and motion artifacts. Recently, a novel automated contact‐less camera‐based respiratory motion sensor has been introduced.PurposeTo compare camera‐based respiratory gating (CAM) with liver‐lung‐navigator‐based gating (NAV) and no gating (NO) for whole‐heart 4D flow MRI.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsThirty two patients with a spectrum of cardiovascular diseases.Field Strength/SequenceA 3T, 3D‐cine spoiled‐gradient‐echo‐T1‐weighted‐sequence with flow‐encoding in three spatial directions.AssessmentRespiratory phases were derived and compared against each other by cross‐correlation. Three radiologists/cardiologist scored images reconstructed with camera‐based, navigator‐based, and no respiratory gating with a 4‐point Likert scale (qualitative analysis). Quantitative image quality analysis, in form of signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and liver‐lung‐edge (LLE) for sharpness and quantitative flow analysis of the valves were performed semi‐automatically.Statistical TestsOne‐way repeated measured analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Wilks's lambda testing and follow‐up pairwise comparisons. Significance level of P ≤ 0.05. Krippendorff's‐alpha‐test for inter‐rater reliability.ResultsThe respiratory signal analysis revealed that CAM and NAV phases were highly correlated (C = 0.93 ± 0.09, P < 0.01). Image scoring showed poor inter‐rater reliability and no significant differences were observed (P ≥ 0.16). The image quality comparison showed that NAV and CAM were superior to NO with higher SNR (P = 0.02) and smaller LLE (P < 0.01). The quantitative flow analysis showed significant differences between the three respiratory‐gated reconstructions in the tricuspid and pulmonary valves (P ≤ 0.05), but not in the mitral and aortic valves (P > 0.05). Pairwise comparisons showed that reconstructions without respiratory gating were different in flow measurements to either CAM or NAV or both, but no differences were found between CAM and NAV reconstructions.Data ConclusionCamera‐based respiratory gating performed as well as conventional liver‐lung‐navigator‐based respiratory gating. Quantitative image quality analysis showed that both techniques were equivalent and superior to no‐gating‐reconstructions. Quantitative flow analysis revealed local flow differences (tricuspid/pulmonary valves) in images of no‐gating‐reconstructions, but no differences were found between images reconstructed with camera‐based and navigator‐based respiratory gating.Level of Evidence3Technical EfficacyStage 2
COVID‐19 and entrepreneurship: Future research directions
Authors: Ratten Vanessa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInnovation and futuristic thinking are needed to derive better policies to address the COVID‐19 pandemic. Policy considerations in terms of entrepreneurship will help understand the importance of future research on digital transformation, leadership, business impact, and social inclusiveness. The societal shifts due to COVID‐19 impacts unveil opportunities for entrepreneurial adjustments to achieve competitiveness and growth.
The resilience of the cooperative model: How do cooperatives deal with the COVID‐19 crisis?
Authors: Billiet Adrien , Dufays Frédéric , Friedel Stefanie , Staessens Matthias 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe centrality of user‐members in cooperatives and cooperatives' embeddedness in their community and in a global network influence positively their resilience in times of crisis, as illustrated by cases of cooperatives that acted entrepreneurially during the COVID‐19 crisis. Cooperatives are hybrid organizations that maximize value, instead of profit. They are owned, governed, and controlled by their members. They are more resilient than the conventional enterprises in times of crisis, thanks to their peculiar governance characteristics that ensure member centrality. Next to member centrality, the embeddedness of cooperatives in their local environment and a global movement enhances mission centrality as well as trust and solidarity among their members, local communities, and other cooperatives.
Repercussions of COVID‐19 on small restaurant entrepreneurs: The Indian context
Authors: Vig Shinu , Agarwal Richa N. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the pre‐COVID period, the restaurant industry had significantly grown in India in the past decade due to rapid urbanization and modernization. In the post‐COVID period, the small restaurant entrepreneurs are fighting for their survival due to the lack of funds, a shift in the consumers' behaviour and perception, and negative cash flows. It has led to the closure of restaurants, loss of employment, and adversely affected the allied industries. The small restaurant entrepreneurs are exploring some new opportunities amid the crisis and adopting innovative approaches, technological and digital interventions to meet the consumers' need for a contact‐less dining experience. However, a joint effort on the part of entrepreneurs and government bodies will facilitate and fuel the restaurant industry's growth again.
Clinical Excellence in Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery: Examples from the Published Literature
Authors: Snow Grace E. , Byrne Patrick , Stewart C. Matthew , Eisele David W. , Wright Scott M. , Akst Lee M. 
Published: March 2021

Objective/HypothesisTo apply the domains of clinical excellence, as published by the Miller‐Coulson Academy of Clinical Excellence, to the field of otolaryngology‐head and neck surgery (OHNS) as a framework for evaluating and improving clinical excellence.MethodsA search of PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) databases was performed and 229 publications were reviewed.ResultsCase reports and other articles were selected that exemplify each of the distinct domains of clinical excellence within our specialty.ConclusionsThe Miller‐Coulson Academy's domains of clinical excellence are relevant to OHNS and can provide a framework for fostering clinical excellence in otolaryngologists. The many examples of excellent care by otolaryngologists found in the published literature can inspire otolaryngologists to provide outstanding care to all patients consistently and to advance our specialty.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 131:E2153–E2158, 2021
A Superhydrophobic and Oleophobic Silicone Sponge with Hierarchical Structures
Authors: Cao Jinfeng , Wang Dengxu , Wang Lili , Feng Shengyu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe fabrication of amphiphobic materials requires a precise and complicated design, especially for 3D porous materials, and amphiphobic sponges have rarely been investigated. This paper describes the synthesis of a superhydrophobic and oleophobic silicone sponge (SS‐F) by simply building hierarchical structures, that is, introducing a secondary structure on the pore walls of a hydrophobic and oleophilic silicone sponge. This simple and efficient synthesis method is based on the thiol–ene click reaction. The uniform structure, composition, and hierarchical structures of SS‐F are confirmed. The results of the analyses show that the secondary microstructure improves liquid repellency, while the rough and porous surface design ensures durability. Thus, SS‐F exhibits good stability, and the amphiphobicity of the surface could withstand scalpel cutting, cyclic compression, extreme temperatures of 250 and −196 °C for 5 h, and long‐term storage in an ambient environment. Both its outer and inner surfaces show superhydrophobicity and oleophobicity, which restrict the ability of the adsorption of liquids, enabling its use in oil and water. The introduction of hierarchical structures paves a way for preparing other 3D porous materials.
Near‐infrared responsive targeted drug delivery system that offer chemo‐photothermal therapy against bacterial infection
Authors: Patel Unnati , Rathnayake Kavini , Jani Hemang , Jayawardana Kalana W. , Dhakal Rijan , Duan Lingze , Jayawardena Surangi N. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo combat the rise of antibiotic resistant bacteria, it is essential to look upon other therapeutic solutions that do not solely depend upon conventional antibiotics. Here, we have designed a combinational therapeutic approach that kills bacteria with the conjunction of photothermal (PT) and antibiotic therapy. A near‐infrared (NIR) laser activated targeted drug delivery nano‐assembly delivers antibiotic as well as offer PT therapy (PTT). The synergistic application of both therapies increases the efficacy of treatment. The protected delivery of antibiotic and its release in the proximity of the bacteria surface reduces off‐target toxicity and reduce the efficacious dosage. Core of the nano‐assembly is composed of NIR active gold nanorods (GNRs) coated with a mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSNP), which serves as a carrier for an anti‐tuberculosis drug bedaquiline (BDQ). The assembly was wrapped within a thermo‐sensitive liposome (TSL) conjugated to mycobacteria‐targeting peptide: NZX, GNR@MSNP@BDQ@TSL@NZX. NZX mediates adhesion of final nano‐assembly on mycobacteria surface. Upon NIR laser irradiation GNRs convert photo energy of the laser to localized heat, which melts TSL triggering release of BDQ. Antibacterial activity of final nano‐assembly against Mycobacterium smegmatis (Msmeg) was 20 folds more efficacious than the free drug equivalent. The final nano‐assembly could also successfully inhibit the growth of intracellular mycobacteria residing in lung cells.
Nitrogen and oxygen co‐doped carbon microspheres with partially graphitic structures: Integrated high volumetric capacitance, mass loadings and rate capability for supercapacitors
Authors: Ge Zhongsheng , Zhang Yunqiang , Fu Danni , He Lirong , Li Mei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSynthesis of porous carbon electrodes with high volumetric capacitance and excellent rate capability, especially for a higher mass loading of 10 mg cm–2, remains a challenge and is important for wide applications of the new generation supercapacitors. We report unprecedented volumetric capacitance of 942.9 F cm–3 in 2 M H2SO4 for partially graphitized carbon microspheres co‐doped with N and O prepared by simple hydrothermal route followed by direct cobalt catalytic pyrolysis, which is comparable to the expensive metal oxide and MnO2‐based pseudo‐capacitors. The resulted carbon also shows excellent rate capability (65.4% and 52.2% capacitance retention as the current density increases from 1 to 20 A g–1 in 2 M H2SO4 and 6 M KOH, respectively) and cyclic stability with a higher mass loading of 9.84 mg cm–2 in acidic/basic electrolytes. More importantly, the high volumetric energy density (22.39 Wh L–1) of the assembled symmetrical supercapacitors in 6 M KOH makes it possible to compete with even some Ni metal hydride batteries. This work offers a way to develop advanced porous carbon materials with ultrahigh volumetric capacitance/mass loadings and fast charge rates for supercapacitors.
Recent progress and challenges of co‐based compound for aqueous Zn battery
Authors: Gao Xingyuan , Zhang Jinmiao , Yin Wei , Lu Xihong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAqueous Zn battery turns to be a rational approach for next‐generation energy storage devices due to the high abundance, admirable theoretical capacity and excellent safety. As an emerging candidate of the ideal cathode material for Zn battery, Co‐based compounds have drawn increasing attentions because of the high output voltage, remarkable theoretical capacity and excellent redox property. In this review, a summary of recent developments of Co‐based cathodes in aqueous Zn batteries is presented, including Co3O4, Co(OH)2, NiCo2O4 and other Co‐based compounds. In addition to charge storage mechanisms, smart strategies including structural modulation, composition regulation, and defect engineering are systematically introduced, and their structure‐performance relationships are discussed in depth. Finally, limitations and proposed future work are demonstrated.
Impact of mixed precision and storage layout on additive Schwarz smoothers
Authors: Schneck Jakob , Weiser Martin , Wende Florian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe growing discrepancy between CPU computing power and memory bandwidth drives more and more numerical algorithms into a bandwidth‐bound regime. One example is the overlapping Schwarz smoother, a highly effective building block for iterative multigrid solution of elliptic equations with higher order finite elements. Two options of reducing the required memory bandwidth are sparsity exploiting storage layouts and representing matrix entries with reduced precision in floating point or fixed point format. We investigate the impact of several options on storage demand and contraction rate, both analytically in the context of subspace correction methods and numerically at an example of solid mechanics. Both perspectives agree on the favourite scheme: fixed point representation of Cholesky factors in nested dissection storage.
Metal Sulfide Nanoparticle Synthesis with Ionic Liquids – State of the Art and Future Perspectives
Authors: Balischewski Christian , Choi Hyung‐Seok , Behrens Karsten , Beqiraj Alkit , Körzdörfer Thomas , Geßner André , Wedel Armin , Taubert Andreas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMetal sulfides are among the most promising materials for a wide variety of technologically relevant applications ranging from energy to environment and beyond. Incidentally, ionic liquids (ILs) have been among the top research subjects for the same applications and also for inorganic materials synthesis. As a result, the exploitation of the peculiar properties of ILs for metal sulfide synthesis could provide attractive new avenues for the generation of new, highly specific metal sulfides for numerous applications. This article therefore describes current developments in metal sulfide nanoparticle synthesis as exemplified by a number of highlight examples. Moreover, the article demonstrates how ILs have been used in metal sulfide synthesis and discusses the benefits of using ILs over more traditional approaches. Finally, the article demonstrates some technological challenges and how ILs could be used to further advance the production and specific property engineering of metal sulfide nanomaterials, again based on a number of selected examples.