bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concurrence of Congenital Muscular Torticollis and Congenital Torticollis Due to Other Anomalies: Two Case Reports
Authors: Kim Min-Wook , Kim Da-Ye , Lee Dong-Woo , Ryoo Da-Hye , Kim Jaewon , Jang Dae-Hyun 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) is the most common cause of torticollis in infants; other causes, including osseous, ocular, and central nervous system torticollis can easily be overlooked. We report two rare cases of CMT with concurrent osseous or ocular torticollis.Case 1: A 1-month-old female infant with a right neck mass and right-tilting head posture was referred. Neck ultrasonography showed diffuse hypertrophy and hyperechoic findings on the right sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle, which was consistent with right CMT. A clavicle X-ray imaging was conducted to identify an associated fracture due to birth trauma on the same day and a suspected congenital vertebral anomaly was coincidentally found. Subsequent three-dimensional computed tomography of the cervical spine showed a T1 hemivertebra causing the right-tilting head. The patient was diagnosed with the concurrent manifestation of CMT and congenital osseous torticollis.Case 2: A 3-month-old male infant with a 20° head tilt to the right with a limited cervical range of motion was referred. Neck ultrasonography showed a fibromatosis colli in the right SCM, suggesting CMT. He proceeded to physical therapy for seven months; however, there was little clinical improvement in his head and neck posture. The patient underwent an additional ophthalmologic examination and orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 10 months of age. The result showed congenital agenesis of the left fourth cranial nerve with hypoplasia of the superior oblique muscle causing the right-tilting of the head. Ultimately, the boy was diagnosed with a concurrent manifestation of CMT and congenital ocular torticollis.Conclusion: Unless careful examinations are conducted, congenital vertebral anomalies and congenital agenesis of the fourth cranial nerve can go unnoticed in the present two cases. If a patient with CMT displays unusual features or does not respond to physical therapy, clinicians should consider not only a differential diagnosis but also concurrence with other causes of congenital torticollis.
The Therapeutic Principle of Combined Strengthening Qi and Eliminating Pathogens in Treating Middle-Advanced Primary Liver Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: She Yingqi , Huang Qinfeng , Ye Zhen , Hu Yu , Wu Mingquan , Qin Kaihua , Wei Ailing , Yang Xin , Liu Yuyao , Zhang Cuihan , Ye Qiaobo 
Published: October 2021

Background: The combination of strengthening Qi and eliminating pathogens is an available therapeutic principle in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for primary liver cancer (PLC) at middle-advanced stage. However, there is a lack of reasonable evidence to support the proper application of this therapeutic principle. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese medicinal formulas (CMFs), including two subgroup analyses of the principle of strengthening Qi and eliminating pathogens.Method: Clinical trials were obtained through searching of EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and two clinical trial registries. The randomized controlled trials with the combination of CMFs and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in the experiment group were acceptable, in contrast to the TACE alone in the control group. The statistics analysis was performed on Review Manager 5.4.Results: A total of eligible 24 trials were accessed in this work. Overall, CMFs could improve the survival duration of 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years, Karnofsky Performance Status, tumor objective response rate (ORR), AFP, and symptom. In the subgroup analysis, trials complying with the principle of single strengthening Qi did not show any significant difference in increasing tumor ORR. Meanwhile, the principle of combined strengthening Qi and eliminating pathogens was uncertain in improving symptoms and 1-year and 2-year survival time. In addition, the outcome indexes of ALT and AST were heterogeneous. In last, the total occurrence of adverse events could not be reduced via using CMFs. Patients treated with CMFs exhibited liver injury, fever, and white blood cell decline, with mild events occurring more frequently and severe events occurring less.Conclusion: CMFs are an effective treatment method to cure PLC at the middle-advanced stage. Adopting the principle of single strengthening Qi presents better efficacy in the long term by prolonging the survival duration. Following the principle of combined strengthening Qi and eliminating pathogens could be more beneficial to patients in short term by lessening the tumor size. CMFs have the advantage of reducing certain serious adverse events.
Higher Acceptance of Videotelephonic Counseling Formats in Psychosomatic Medicine in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lohmiller Jacqueline , Schäffeler Norbert , Zipfel Stephan , Stengel Andreas 
Published: October 2021

Background: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the healthcare system in general and psychosomatics in particular were forced to change counseling-specific services and break up established structures. At the beginning of 2020, phone as well as videotelephonic counseling options had to be quickly established.Methods: Patients (n = 278) of the department of psychosomatic medicine and psychotherapy at the University Hospital Tübingen were asked to complete an ad hoc questionnaire to assess the acceptance of the counseling format following each counseling session (office, phone, video) in the period between July 2020 and February 2021.Results: Satisfaction and acceptance of the three counseling formats (office, phone, video) were rated (1–6) on average as “good” to “very good” in the three subgroups (1.5 ± 0.9). Likewise, the “therapeutic relationship” scored high in all three subgroups in terms of establishing a strong therapeutic relationship (4.4 ± 1.5). “Hurdles” were rated as low and tolerable (1.8 ± 1.3). The global assessment of therapeutic contact was significantly better in the video group compared to phone and office consultation (p &lt; 0.05). Predictor analyses showed that there was an influence of age, but not gender, on the acceptance of digital counseling formats in the present sample [F(1, 277) = 4.50, p = 0.04].Discussion &amp; Conclusion: Digital consultation formats were perceived by patients as promising addition to the classic face-to-face setting. Digital formats (phone, video) were not generally preferred to face-to-face counseling, but especially video counseling was accepted and perceived with great satisfaction and acceptance. Accordingly, the additional use of digital counseling formats, especially video-telephony, could be an opportunity to enrich the existing structures also after the pandemic.
Examining the Causal Inference of Leptin and Soluble Plasma Leptin Receptor Levels on Schizophrenia: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Chen Guoqing , Wang Qiuling , Xue Ranran , Liu Xia , Yu Hao 
Published: October 2021

Background: Observational studies that have supported the role of the leptin level in schizophrenia (SCZ) risk are conflicting. Therefore, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate whether the circulating leptin and soluble plasma leptin receptor (sOB-R) levels play a causal role in SCZ risk.Methods: We first selected five independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the circulating leptin level and three independent SNPs associated with the sOB-R level from two genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of European individuals. Then, we extracted their associations with SCZ using a large-scale GWAS that consisted of 40,675 patients with SCZ and 64,643 controls of European ancestry. We performed an MR analysis using the inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method to examine the causal effect of leptin on SCZ risk. Moreover, we performed sensitivity analyses to verify our MR results using the weighted median and MR-Egger methods.Results: According to the IVW method, genetically predicted circulating leptin levels were not associated with SCZ risk (OR = 1.98, for per 1-SD unit increase in leptin level; 95% CI, 0.87–4.53; p = 0.10). In addition, the sOB-R level showed no causal effect on the SCZ risk using IVW (OR = 0.98 for per 1-SD unit increase in sOB-R level; 95% CI, 0.97–1.00; p = 0.06). Our sensitivity analysis results confirmed our MR findings.Conclusions: By estimating the causal effect of leptin on SCZ risk using the MR methods, we identified no effect of genetically predicted circulating leptin or the sOB-R level on SCZ. As such, our study suggests that leptin might not be a risk factor for SCZ.
A Rare Subtype of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Report of 159 Resected Pathological Stage I–IIIA Pulmonary Lymphoepithelioma-Like Carcinoma Cases
Authors: Jiang Rong-Rong , Feng Xiao-Li , Zhu Wen-Ting , Guo Man-Xia , Tan Xue-Li , Jiang Xiao-Juan , Dou Xiao-Meng , Liu Li 
Published: October 2021

Background: The current study analyzed resected stage I–IIIA pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) cases to define the clinical characteristics, prognosis and long-term outcomes of resected LELC, with the purpose of guiding clinical management for this rare tumor.Methods: Resected stage I–IIIA LELC, adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cases from our center were enrolled. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to minimize the selection bias. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were compared between groups. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify the prognostic factors, and a nomogram was developed.Results: A total of 159 LELCs, 2,757 ADCs, and 1,331 SCCs were included. LELC, dominated among younger patients and non-smokers. LELC was a poorly differentiated disease that lacked driver gene mutations and was positive for immunohistochemistry indicators of squamous cell lineage. Survival analyses revealed that OS was significantly better for LELC than for other common non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) both before PSM (all P &lt; 0.001) and after PSM (all P &lt; 0.05). Further analyses revealed that early pathological node stage and preoperative albumin level ≥35 were identified as independent prognostic factors favoring OS and DFS.Conclusions: LELC, dominated among younger and non-smoking populations, lacked driver gene mutations and was positive for immunohistochemistry indicators of squamous cell lineage. The survival outcome of LELC was better than other common NSCLCs.
Aerosol Particle Transport and Deposition in Upper and Lower Airways of Infant, Child and Adult Human Lungs
Authors: Rahman Md. M. , Zhao Ming , Islam Mohammad S. , Dong Kejun , Saha Suvash C. 
Published: October 2021

Understanding transportation and deposition (TD) of aerosol particles in the human respiratory system can help clinical treatment of lung diseases using medicines. The lung airway diameters and the breathing capacity of human lungs normally increase with age until the age of 30. Many studies have analyzed the particle TD in the human lung airways. However, the knowledge of the nanoparticle TD in airways of infants and children with varying inhalation flow rates is still limited in the literature. This study investigates nanoparticle (5 nm ≤ dp ≤ 500 nm) TD in the lungs of infants, children, and adults. The inhalation air flow rates corresponding to three ages are considered as Qin=3.22 L/min (infant), 8.09 L/min (Child), and Qin=14 L/min (adult). It is found that less particles are deposited in upper lung airways (G0–G3) than in lower airways (G12–G15) in the lungs of all the three age groups. The results suggest that the particle deposition efficiency in lung airways increases with the decrease of particle size due to the Brownian diffusion mechanism. About 3% of 500 nm particles are deposited in airways G12–G15 for the three age groups. As the particle size is decreased to 5 nm, the deposition rate in G12–G15 is increased to over 95%. The present findings can help medical therapy by individually simulating the distribution of drug-aerosol for the patient-specific lung.
Effect of Various Mulch Materials on Chemical Properties of Soil, Leaves and Shoot Characteristics in Dendrocalamus Latiflorus Munro Forests
Authors: Fan Lili , Zhao Ting , Tarin Muhammad Waqqas Khan , Han Yongzhen , Hu Wenfeng , Rong Jundong , He Tianyou , Zheng Yushan 
Published: October 2021

The effectiveness of mulch treatments on soil quality as well as on the yield and growth rates of bamboo are major considerations and require further attention. The present work was aimed at assessing the impacts of three different mulch materials on soil available nutrients, biochemical traits, and growth patterns of Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro. We found that relative to the control (CK), bamboo leaves (MB) and organic fertilizers (MF) treatments significantly (P < 0.05) increased the number of bamboo shoots (47.5 and 22.7%) and yield (21.4 and 9.1%), respectively. We observed that under MB and MF treatments, the concentrations of soil available nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) increased and played a key role in the differences in chlorophyll, leaf carbohydrate contents (soluble sugar and starch) and were essential to promote bamboo shoot development. Furthermore, we infer from principal component analysis (PCA), that both MB and MF appear to be a better choice than rice husks (MR) to improve nutrient availability, biochemical traits of the leaves, and increased bamboo shoot productivity. Consequently, we suggest using organic fertilizers and bamboo leaves as mulch materials are effective for soil conservation to attain high-quality bamboo production.
MENENTUKAN TINGKAT PROFITABILITAS DARI ASPEK LIKUIDITAS DAN SOLVABILITAS
Authors: Suhayati Ely 
Published: October 2021

The increase in short-term debt and loans in "the greenback" form to telecommunications companies resulted in reduced profits for a company. The purpose of this study is to determine profitability level from a liquidity and solvency aspects on telecommunications sub-sector service companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for a period 2015-2019. The method used in this research is descriptive and verification methods, with research object, namely Telecommunication Sub-Sector Service Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population in this study consisted of 6 telecommunications companies with annual financial reports for the last 5 years. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression models using SPSS version 25 software. The results showed that influenced profitability by liquidity aspect had a positive effect, while the profitability which was influenced by solvency aspect had a negative effect. This influence shows a different direction a expectations, meaning that telecommunications companies that are good at managing short-term and long-term debt will increase company profit will get.
Keywords: Liquidity, Solvency, Profitability
Cardiac and non-cardiac characteristics of Jervell-Lange-Nielsen syndrome
Authors: Ildarova R. A. , Sherbakova N. V. , Bereznitskaya V. V. , Shkolnikova M. A. 
Published: October 2021

We aimed to analyze the management of children with Jervell-Lange-Nielsen syndrome based on their clinical and genetic characteristics and to assess the effectiveness of their therapy.Methods. We analyzed medical data from 12 Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome patients. Mean follow-up was 8.3±5.1 years. Comprehensive cardiological examination include the standard 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography, stress-test, 24-hour Holter recordings, blood tests, thyroid ultrasound, and assessment of thyroid hormone levels, and if necessary, consultation with a neurologist.Results. At the first visit, the mean age was 3.0±2 years old, girls prevailed (67%). All patients are alive now. The mean QTc was 578.9±57.3 ms. Cardiac events had 10 patients (83%), mean age at the first event was 1.9±1.6 years. In 67% of children, syncope was initially regarded as epileptic. All patients received beta-blockers, which were prescribed at mean age 3.0±2.3 years (from 1 month to 7 years). In 8 patients cardiac events recurred despite regular and adequate beta-blocker therapy, all of them were implanted with implanted cardioverter-defibrillator. It was found that patients with the first syncope under the age of 1.5 and delayed initiation of therapy (at the mean age 4.3±1.7 years) had multiple recurrences of syncope despite therapy. Non-cardiac symptoms include sensorineural hearing loss in 100% of cases and hypochromic anemia in 75% of cases.Conclusion. In Jervell-Lange-Nielsen patients who are characterized by resistant ventricular tachyarrhythmia aggressive antiarrhythmic therapy at a very early age is essential for increasing the risk of life-threatening cardiac events. Consequently, diagnosis of the disease in the first days of life is extremely relevant. ECG screening is crucial in solving the problem of early diagnosis of the disease. Extracardiac pathology in patients with Jervell-Lange-Nielsen syndrome necessitates the interaction of doctors of different specialties together when managing a patient.
KEMAMPUAN MENULIS PUISI SISWA KELAS VIII SEMESTER GENAP SMP PERINTIS 2 BANDAR LAMPUNG TAHUN PELAJARAN 2019/2020
Authors: Salamah Salamah 
Published: October 2021

Permasalahan yang dapat dijadikan dalam penelitian ini disebabkan adanya kelemahan siswa dalam menulis puisi. Hal-hal yang dianalisis meliputi 1) rima, 2) imajinasi, 3) diksi, 4) kata konkret, 5) majas. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan siswa kelas VIII semester genap SMP Perintis 2 Bandar Lampung Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020, dalam menulis puisi berdasarkan tema yang telah ditentukan dan mengetahui berbagai faktor yang dapat menyebabkan kesulitan siswa dalam menulis puisi.Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yakni deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah semua kelas VIII semester genap SMP Perintis 2 Bandar Lampung Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020, berjumlah 354 siswa, terbagi ke dalam 8 kelas dengan subjek inti sebanyak 35 orang yang diambil dengan teknik random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian menggunakan teknik tes unjuk kerja yakni menugaskan siswa untuk menulis puisi berdasarkan tema yang telah ditentukan. Teknik analisis data menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif, yakni dengan menganalisis ketepatan siswa menulis puisi berdasarkan aspek yang dinilai.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan siswa kelas VIII semester genap SMP Perintis 2 Bandar Lampung Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020, dalam menulis puisi belum sepenuhnya dapat dikatakan berhasil. Hal ini disebabkan karena masih ada unsur-unsur yang kurang tepat dalam menulis puisi. Kesalahan atau kelemahan siswa yang sering ditemukan yaitu pada aspek rima, diksi dan kata konkret. Umumnya, setiap siswa dalam menulis puisi kurang tepat atau tidak menggunakan aspek tersebut. Puisi yang ditulis siswa terkesan seperti prosa, kata-kata yang datar dan biasa, sehingga kurang memberikan nilai keindahan. Tidak adanya kesamaan rima pada tiap baitnya juga merupakan salah satu kelemahan siswa, rima cenderung tidak mengikuti pola dengan baik, sehingga rima pada puisi tidak jelas dan menimbulkan ketidakselarasan. Kata-kata yang datar juga mempengaruhi aspek diksi karena dapat membuat puisi kurang menarik sehingga tidak terkesan pada nilai-nilai keindahan sebuah karya sastra.
Analysis of Teachers’ Challenges in Teaching Speaking Through Online Learning during Covid-19 Pandemic in SMAN 2 Abiansemal
Authors: Anugrah Putra Maha 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
This research aims at at finding out 1) the challenges of the teachers in teaching speaking during online learning in SMAN 2 Abiansemal, 2) the teachers’ ways to cope with the challenges in teaching speaking during online learning in SMAN 2 Abiansemal and 3) the strengths and the weaknesses of the strategy used by the investigated teachers during online learning in teaching speaking. The subjecs of this research were three English teachers in SMAN 2 Abiansemal. To collect the data, two instruments were needed, observation sheet and interview guide. The obtained data were analyzed qualitative by using Interactively Data Analysis Model by Miles and Huberman (1994). This research discovers 1) 9 challenges in online learning, 2) 9 ways to cope the challenges, and 3) 9 weaknesses and strengths of the strategy.
La construction d’un « marché éduqué » de l’assurance santé : une réorientation de la solidarité ?
Authors: Batifoulier Philippe , Duchesne Victor , Ginon Anne-Sophie 
Published: October 2021

Le développement de la couverture complémentaire des frais de santé en France s’accompagne d’un mouvement de grande ampleur qui consiste à promouvoir au sein de l’ensemble du champ de l’assurance maladie complémentaire des missions et des valeurs traditionnellement caractéristiques des services publics. Nous proposons de nommer « marché éduqué » cet ensemble de dispositifs juridiques qui configurent le marché de l’assurance santé, pour l’imprégner de valeurs sociales et « l’élever » à une autre forme de mutualisation plus solidaire. Ce texte repose sur une analyse bi-disciplinaire droit et économie. Il analyse la façon dont se construit ce marché éduqué et renouvelle l’intervention publique en matière de couverture santé. À partir d’une comparaison avec les États-Unis, nous montrons que le « marché éduqué » constitue une forme moderne de résolution des contradictions entre la priorité donnée au développement du marché et la tentative de préservation de la mission sociale de la couverture des frais de santé.
A estrutura argumentativa do descrédito na ciência
Authors: Massuchin Michele Goulart , Tavares Camilla Quesada , Mitozo Isabele Batista , Chagas Viktor Henrique Carneiro de Souza 
Published: October 2021

O ponto de partida da discussão é a desinformação e busca-se compreender um ponto mais específico que diz respeito à construção de um discurso de descrédito na ciência que se dá a partir da geração de desconfiança em relação às instituições científicas, do descrédito explícito de seus atores e discursos, e da elaboração de falas anticientíficas. Desse modo, o artigo busca analisar que elementos constituem a estrutura argumentativa que fortalece o discurso de descrédito na ciência que está associado à pandemia da COVID-19. Para tanto, trabalha-se com uma amostra dos conteúdos que circularam em 2020 em grupos de WhatsApp de apoio ao atual presidente da República. A partir de palavras-chaves ligadas à pandemia, uma amostra de 908 mensagens foi categorizada a partir da análise de conteúdo com base em dois eixos: a estrutura discursiva e de comunicação. Dentre os principais resultados, evidencia-se a construção do descrédito a partir do uso de elementos que dão legitimidade às mensagens, tanto no que tange à estrutura de comunicação, principalmente com links de sites, como na estrutura discursiva, com o uso de referências médicas e da própria ciência.

Palavras-chave: descrédito na ciência, WhatsApp, pandemia de COVID-19.