bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Island characteristics and sampling methodologies influence the use of stable isotopes as an ecosystem function assessment tool
Authors: Pascoe Penelope , Shaw Justine , Trebilco Rowan , Kong Stephanie , Jones Holly 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Monitoring seabird‐derived nutrients on islands following invasive mammal eradications may provide a useful, cost‐ and time‐efficient indication of the recovery of ecosystem function; however, the technique has only been investigated on environmentally similar islands. How seabird‐derived nutrients recover on islands with different characteristics, and how differences in sampling regimes affect results is poorly understood.
To determine how different island characteristics (size, geographic location and invasion history) and aspects of the sampling regime (sample collection year, season and intra‐island location) influence seabird‐derived nutrients we collated nitrogen stable isotope (δ15N) data from three ecosystem components (soil, plants and spiders), collected on 28 islands around New Zealand. We investigated which variables best predict δ15N using linear‐mixed effects models. Accounting for these variables and using still‐invaded and never‐invaded islands as controls for recovery, we then investigated changes in δ15N on islands at different stages following invasive mammal eradication.
Island size, invasion history and the presence of seabirds in the direct vicinity of a sampling location all influenced δ15N. After accounting for these variables, δ15N increased with time since eradication in soils, plants and spiders, though there was still some variation that our chosen variables could not explain.
This study demonstrates the importance of considering island characteristics and sampling methods when assessing seabird‐derived nutrient recovery and highlights the need for additional targeted sample collection on islands to help separate out the effects of time since eradication and other confounding variables affecting δ15N. Improved understanding of these factors will be prerequisite for furthering this technique as a useful addition to the post‐eradication monitoring tool kit.
Chiral Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials Based on R/S‐N2,N2′‐Diphenyl‐[1,1′‐binaphthalene]‐2,2′‐diamine Donor with Narrow Emission Spectra for Highly Efficient Circularly Polarized Electroluminescence
Authors: Yan Zhi‐Ping , Liu Ting‐Ting , Wu Ruixia , Liang Xiao , Li Zhi‐Qiang , Zhou Liang , Zheng You‐Xuan , Zuo Jing‐Lin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, two pairs of chiral thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials enabling circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) named R/S‐p‐BAMCN (rod‐shape) and R/S‐o‐BAMCN (helix‐shape) are prepared based on a new pair of chiral donor (D*), R/S‐N2,N2′‐diphenyl‐[1,1′‐binaphthalene]‐2,2′‐diamine (R/S‐BAM), and two cyano (CN) acceptors. Due to the rigid molecular structure and special intramolecular arrangement, the chiral TADF materials show high photoluminescence quantum efficiency (up to 0.86) with narrow full‐width at half‐maximum (38 nm in cyclohexane, 51 nm in toluene) and photoluminescence dissymmetry factor (|gPL|) up to 5.3 × 10−3. Particularly, the circularly polarized OLEDs (CP‐OLEDs) with rod‐shaped R/S‐p‐BAMCN as the emitter show high device performances with the maximum external quantum efficiency nearing 28%. Meanwhile, the semi‐transparent CP‐OLEDs based on helix‐shaped R/S‐o‐BAMCN exhibit obvious circularly polarized electroluminescence (CPEL) properties with the electroluminescence |gEL| factors around 4.6 × 10−3. The strategy of rigid D*‐A‐D* structure with special arrangement of chiral donor provides a direct way to obtain efficient CP‐TADF materials with narrow emission spectra and promising CPL properties for better CPEL performance.
Magnetically Controlled Assembly of Dielectric Microspheres toward Photonic Molecules
Authors: Yin Baipeng , Wu Wubin , Dai Chenghu , Jia Hao , Zhang Chuang , Yao Jiannian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe construction of “photonic molecules” with controlled sizes and shapes is of particular interest for the integration of miniaturized devices into optoelectronic chips. Here, a general approach is reported that allows the assembly of colloidal microspheres into coupled microcavities with high yield and large scale, utilizing magnetostatic interactions between diamagnetic building blocks dispersed in a ferrofluid under an external field. By precisely designing the local field gradient around diamagnetic microspheres, “virtual templates” can be formed to produce various coupled photonic structures, including diatomic heterogeneous molecules and polyatomic chain molecules. The diatomic structures can modulate the optical resonance modes upon the coherent coupling between microsphere cavities and serve as single‐mode wavelength‐tunable microlasers. The chain photonic molecules, as coupled resonator optical waveguides, could modulate the light propagation and store photons up to tens of picoseconds. The magnetically controlled assembly method is demonstrated, which provides a promising way for the facile and efficient fabrication of coupled microstructures for fascinating photonic and optoelectronic applications.
Dual Functions of CO2 Molecular Activation and 4f Levels as Electron Transport Bridge in Dysprosium Single Atom Composite Photocatalysts with Enhanced Visible‐Light Photoactivities
Authors: Zhao Yue , Han Zhendong , Gao Guoyang , Zhang Wanying , Qu Yang , Zhu Hongyang , Zhu Peifen , Wang Guofeng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe effect of rare earth (RE) single atoms on photocatalytic activity is very complex due to its special electronic configuration, which leads to few reports on the RE single atoms. Here, Dy3+ single atom composite photocatalysts are successfully constructed based on both the special role of Dy3+ and the special advantages of CdS/g‐C3N4 heterojunction in the field of photocatalysis. The results show that an efficient way of electron transfer is provided to promote charge separation, and the dual functions of CO2 molecular activation of rare‐earth single atom and 4f levels as electron transport bridge are fully exploited. It is exciting that under visible‐light irradiation, the catalytic performance of CdS:Dy3+/g‐C3N4 is ≈6.9 times higher than that of pure g‐C3N4. The catalytic performance of CdS:Dy3+ and CdS:Dy3+/g‐C3N4 are ≈7 and ≈13.7 times higher than those of pure CdS, respectively. Besides, not all RE ions are suitable for charge transfer bridges, which is not only related to the 4f levels of RE ions but also related to the bandgap structure of CdS and g‐C3N4. The pattern of combining single‐atom catalysis and heterojunction opens up new methods for enhancing photocatalytic activity.
Regenerative Potential of Hydrogels for Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Lessons from Ischemic Stroke and Traumatic Brain Injury Research
Authors: Thomas Josephine M. , Louca Irene , Bolan Faye , Sava Oana‐Roxana , Allan Stuart M. , Lawrence Catherine B. , Pinteaux Emmanuel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a deadly and debilitating type of stroke, caused by the rupture of cerebral blood vessels. To date, there are no restorative interventions approved for use in ICH patients, highlighting a critical unmet need. ICH shares some pathological features with other acute brain injuries such as ischemic stroke (IS) and traumatic brain injury (TBI), including the loss of brain tissue, disruption of the blood–brain barrier, and activation of a potent inflammatory response. New biomaterials such as hydrogels have been recently investigated for their therapeutic benefit in both experimental IS and TBI, owing to their provision of architectural support for damaged brain tissue and ability to deliver cellular and molecular therapies. Conversely, research on the use of hydrogels for ICH therapy is still in its infancy, with very few published reports investigating their therapeutic potential. Here, the published use of hydrogels in experimental ICH is commented upon and how approaches reported in the IS and TBI fields may be applied to ICH research to inform the design of future therapies is described. Unique aspects of ICH that are distinct from IS and TBI that should be considered when translating biomaterial‐based therapies between disease models are also highlighted.
Design of Protein‐Based Liquefied Cell‐Laden Capsules with Bioinspired Adhesion for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Gomes Maria C. , Costa Dora C. S. , Oliveira Cláudia S. , Mano João F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPlatforms with liquid cores are extensively explored as cell delivery vehicles for cell‐based therapies and tissue engineering. However, the recurrence of synthetic materials can impair its translation into the clinic. Inspired by the adhesive proteins secreted by mussels, liquefied capsule is developed using gelatin modified with hydroxypyridinones (Gel‐HOPO), a catechol analogue with oxidant‐resistant properties. The protein‐based liquefied macrocapsule permitted the compartmentalization of living cells by an approachable and non‐time‐consuming methodology resorting to i) superhydrophobic surfaces as a processing platform of hydrogel beads, ii) gelation of gelatin at temperatures < 25 °C, iii) iron coordination of the hydroxypyridinone (HOPO) moieties at physiological pH, and iv) core liquefaction at 37 °C. With the design of a proteolytically degradable shell, the possibility of encapsulating human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASC) with and without the presence of polycaprolactone microparticles (μPCL) is evaluated. Showing prevalence toward adhesion to the inner shell wall, hASC formed a monolayer evidencing the biocompatibility and adequate mechanical properties of these platforms for proliferation, diminishing the need for μPCL as a supporting substrate. This new protein‐based liquefied platform can provide biofactories devices of both fundamental and practical importance for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine or in other biotechnology fields.
Nanodots Derived from Layered Materials: Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Zhai Wei , Xiong Tengfei , He Zhen , Lu Shiyao , Lai Zhuangchai , He Qiyuan , Tan Chaoliang , Zhang Hua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLayered 2D materials, such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, transition metal oxides, black phosphorus, graphitic carbon nitride, hexagonal boron nitride, and MXenes, have attracted intensive attention over the past decades owing to their unique properties and wide applications in electronics, catalysis, energy storage, biomedicine, etc. Further reducing the lateral size of layered 2D materials down to less than 10 nm allows for preparing a new class of nanostructures, namely, nanodots derived from layered materials. Nanodots derived from layered materials not only can exhibit the intriguing properties of nanodots due to the size confinement originating from the ultrasmall size, but also can inherit some unique properties of ultrathin layered 2D materials, making them promising candidates in a wide range of applications, especially in biomedicine and catalysis. Here, a comprehensive summary on the materials categories, advantages, synthesis methods, and potential applications of these nanodots derived from layered materials is provided. Finally, personal insights about the challenges and future directions in this promising research field are also given.
Comprehensive Understanding of the Thriving Ambient Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Zhao Xue , Hu Guangzhi , Chen Gao‐Feng , Zhang Haibo , Zhang Shusheng , Wang Haihui 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe electrochemical method of combining N2 and H2O to produce ammonia (i.e., the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction [E‐NRR]) continues to draw attention as it is both environmentally friendly and well suited for a progressively distributed farm economy. Despite the multitude of recent works on the E‐NRR, further progress in this field faces a bottleneck. On the one hand, despite the extensive exploration and trial‐and‐error evaluation of E‐NRR catalysts, no study has stood out to become the stage protagonist. On the other hand, the current level of ammonia production (microgram‐scale) is an almost insurmountable obstacle for its qualitative and quantitative determination, hindering the discrimination between true activity and contamination. Herein i) the popular theory and mechanism of the NRR are introduced; ii) a comprehensive summary of the recent progress in the field of the E‐NRR and related catalysts is provided; iii) the operational procedures of the E‐NRR are addressed, including the acquisition of key metrics, the challenges faced, and the most suitable solutions; iv) the guiding principles and standardized recommendations for the E‐NRR are emphasized and future research directions and prospects are provided.
Conductive Polymer‐Based Bioelectronic Platforms toward Sustainable and Biointegrated Devices: A Journey from Skin to Brain across Human Body Interfaces
Authors: Bettucci Ottavia , Matrone Giovanni Maria , Santoro Francesca 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOver the last few years, organic bioelectronics has experienced an exponential growth with applications encompassing platforms for tissue engineering, drug delivery systems, implantable, and wearable sensors. Although reducing the physical and mechanical mismatch with the human tissues allows to increase the coupling efficiency, several challenges are still open in terms of matching biological curvature, size, and interface stiffness. In this context, the replacement of bulky with more flexible and conformable devices is required, implying the transition from inorganic conventional electronics to organic electronics. Indeed, the advent of organic materials in bioelectronics, due to the indisputable benefits related to biocompatibility, flexibility, and electrical properties, has granted superior coupling properties with human tissues increasing the performances of both sensing and stimulation platforms. In this review the ease of functionalization and patterning of conductive polymers (CPs) will be analyzed as a strategy that enables the fabrication of platforms with high structural flexibility ranging from the macro to the micro/nano‐scales, leading to the increase of devices sensitivity. Drawing from the concept of biomimicry, the human body tissues interfaces will be explored through an ideal journey starting from organic platforms for epidermal sensing and stimulation. Then, devices capable of establishing a dynamic coupling with the heart will be reviewed and finally, following the circulatory system and crossing the blood‐brain barrier, the brain will be reached and novel sensing and computing implants advances that pave the way to the possibility to emulate as well as to interact with the neural functions will be analyzed.
Arc‐Shaped Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on Rolling Structure for Harvesting Low‐Frequency Water Wave Energy
Authors: Ren Jie , Gao Cunjin , An Jie , Liu Quanxiao , Wang Jigang , Jiang Tao , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOcean occupies about 71% of the global surface area and contains 97% of the total water on the earth. Ocean waves are regarded as one of the most promising renewable energy sources, but it is quite difficult to harvest such low‐quality and low‐frequency energy due to the technology limitations of traditional electromagnetic generators. In this work, a type of arc‐shaped triboelectric nanogenerator (AS‐TENG) with internal rolling structure is designed to harvest low‐frequency water wave energy. The freestanding roller with flexible surfaces can scroll freely with low friction along the arched track under external triggering, generating induced current between the complementary electrodes. The arc‐shaped design facilitates the high‐density integrating of multiple TENG units and effective packaging for potential large‐scope applications. One AS‐TENG can deliver an output power density of 5.47 W m−3 under regular triggering, while a power density of 2.34 W m−3 is achieved for an AS‐TENG array under real water wave triggering of 1.2 Hz. Moreover, through harvesting water wave energy by the AS‐TENG array, self‐powered temperature sensing and wireless transmission systems have been successfully constructed. This work demonstrates huge application prospects of the AS‐TENGs toward large‐scale ocean blue energy harvesting and environmental monitoring.
Fabrication of Photonic Resonators in Bulk 4H‐SiC
Authors: Cranwell Schaeper Otto , Fröch Johannes E. , Kim Sejeong , Mu Zhao , Toth Milos , Gao Weibo , Aharonovich Igor 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe design and engineering of photonic architectures, suitable to enhance, collect and guide light on chip is needed for applications in quantum photonics and quantum optomechanics. In this work, a Faraday cage‐based oblique angle etch method is applied to fabricate various functional photonic devices from 4H Silicon Carbide (SiC)—a material that has attracted attention in recent years, due to its potential in optomechanics, nonlinear optics, and quantum information. The processing conditions are detailed and the geometrical and optical characteristics of the fabricated devices are thoroughly addressed. Employing photoluminescence measurements high‐quality factors are demonstrated for suspended microring resonators of up to 3500 in the visible range. Such devices will be applicable in the future to augment the properties of SiC in integrated on chip quantum photonics.
MOF‐Nanocomposite Mixed‐Matrix Membrane for Dual‐Luminescence Ratiometric Temperature Sensing
Authors: Ding Yanyun , Lu Yantong , Yu Kuangli , Wang Shuo , Zhao Dian , Chen Banglin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAccurate measurement of temperature is crucial in many branches of medicine, science, and engineering, and often requires temperature sensors that are noninvasive, of high accuracy, and can spatially resolve thermal fluctuations at the nanoscale. Here a new type of flexible and tailorable mixed‐matrix membranes (MMMs) is introduced, which feature dual‐emitting metal–organic framework (MOF)‐based nanocomposites embedded in polymer matrix, and its potential use in luminescence temperature sensing is evaluated. The as‐prepared “Cdots&RB@ZIF‐82‐MMM” inherits the luminescence properties of the incorporated Cdots&RB@zeolitic‐imidazolate‐framework (ZIF)‐82 nanocomposite and possesses the luminescence of both the blue‐emitting carbon dots (Cdots) and the green‐emitting rhodamine B (RB). Since the fluorescence resonance energy transfer between the two guest emitters is thermally correlated, the thermometric parameter (IC/IRB) of the Cdots&RB@ZIF‐82‐MMM has excellent linear response in the physiological temperature range, with favorable relative sensitivity, spectral repeatability, and structural stability. The new ratiometric membranous thermometers proposed here should initiate further interest in luminescent MOF/polymer hybrids and their diverse sensing applications.
Ionic Liquid Stabilizing High‐Efficiency Tin Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Guixiang , Su Zhenhuang , Li Meng , Yang Feng , Aldamasy Mahmoud H. , Pascual Jorge , Yang Fengjiu , Liu Hairui , Zuo Weiwei , Di Girolamo Diego , Iqbal Zafar , Nasti Giuseppe , Dallmann André , Gao Xingyu , Wang Zhaokui , Saliba Michael , Abate Antonio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTin halide perovskites attract incremental attention to deliver lead‐free perovskite solar cells. Nevertheless, disordered crystal growth and low defect formation energy, related to Sn(II) oxidation to Sn(IV), limit the efficiency and stability of solar cells. Engineering the processing from perovskite precursor solution preparation to film crystallization is crucial to tackle these issues and enable the full photovoltaic potential of tin halide perovskites. Herein, the ionic liquid n‐butylammonium acetate (BAAc) is used to tune the tin coordination with specific O…Sn chelating bonds and NH…X hydrogen bonds. The coordination between BAAc and tin enables modulation of the crystallization of the perovskite in a thin film. The resulting BAAc‐containing perovskite films are more compact and have a preferential crystal orientation. Moreover, a lower amount of Sn(IV) and related chemical defects are found for the BAAc‐containing perovskites. Tin halide perovskite solar cells processed with BAAc show a power conversion efficiency of over 10%. This value is retained after storing the devices for over 1000 h in nitrogen. This work paves the way toward a more controlled tin‐based perovskite crystallization for stable and efficient lead‐free perovskite photovoltaics.
Interaction of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on yield and input use efficiency of sesame cultivars
Authors: Saboury Ali , Gholamhoseini Majid , Bazrafshan Forrod , Habibzadeh Farhad , Amiri Bahram 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe effect of irrigation regimes and nitrogen (N) rates and their interactions on sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) yield is not completely evaluated; hence, the current study was conducted to investigate effects of these factors on sesame yield, N fertilizer use efficiency (NFUE), irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), and seed oil content. The experiment was carried out in a semiarid region of Iran during 2016 and 2017 growing seasons outlined in a randomized complete‐block design with a split factorial arrangement of treatments with three replicates. The main plots were allocated to the deficit and full irrigation regimes. Factorial combination of three N levels (0, 60, and 120 kg N ha−1) and three sesame cultivars (Oltan, Dashtestan, and Naz) were assigned to the subplots. When averaged over the years and cultivars, the results showed that the enhancement of applied N (0–120 kg N ha−1) increased sesame seed yield by 81% with full irrigation and by 51% with deficit irrigation. Maximum IWUE was found in Oltan treated with 120 kg N ha−1 under full irrigation (0.26 kg m−3), while the minimum value was found in Naz treated with 0 kg N ha−1 under deficit irrigation (0.05 kg m−3). The mean comparisons of NFUE showed that in the 60 kg N ha−1 treatment, each kilogram of applied N led to the production of 13.8 and 4.5 kg seed ha−1 with full and deficit irrigation, respectively. In contrast, in the 120 kg N ha−1 treatment, each kilogram of applied N resulted in the production of 7.6 and 2.1 kg seed ha−1 in the full and deficit irrigation regimes, respectively. In general, the optimal rates of N depended on the sesame cultivar and varied for different regimes of irrigation. Managing N fertilizer levels to meet sesame demands based on the amount of water applied and the type of cultivar not only prevented a negative environmental effect, but also increased yield and conserved agricultural inputs for sesame grown in arid and semiarid regions.