bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current and prospective control strategies of influenza A virus in swine
Authors: Salvesen Hamish A. , Whitelaw C. Bruce A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundInfluenza A Viruses (IAV) are endemic pathogens of significant concern in humans and multiple keystone livestock species. Widespread morbidity in swine herds negatively impacts animal welfare standards and economic performance whilst human IAV pandemics have emerged from pigs on multiple occasions. To combat the rising prevalence of swine IAV there must be effective control strategies available.Main bodyThe most basic form of IAV control on swine farms is through good animal husbandry practices and high animal welfare standards. To control inter-herd transmission, biosecurity considerations such as quarantining of pigs and implementing robust health and safety systems for workers help to reduce the likelihood of swine IAV becoming endemic. Closely complementing the physical on-farm practices are IAV surveillance programs. Epidemiological data is critical in understanding regional distribution and variation to assist in determining an appropriate response to outbreaks and understanding the nature of historical swine IAV epidemics and zoonoses.Medical intervention in pigs is restricted to vaccination, a measure fraught with the intrinsic difficulties of mounting an immune response against a highly mutable virus. It is the best available tool for controlling IAV in swine but is far from being a perfect solution due to its unreliable efficacy and association with an enhanced respiratory disease. Because IAV generally has low mortality rates there is a reticence in the uptake of vaccination.Novel genetic technologies could be a complementary strategy for IAV control in pigs that confers broad-acting resistance. Transgenic pigs with IAV resistance are useful as models, however the complexity of these reaching the consumer market limits them to research models. More promising are gene-editing approaches to prevent viral exploitation of host proteins and modern vaccine technologies that surpass those currently available.ConclusionUsing the suite of IAV control measures that are available for pigs effectively we can improve the economic productivity of pig farming whilst improving on-farm animal welfare standards and avoid facing the extensive social and financial costs of a pandemic. Fighting ‘Flu in pigs will help mitigate the very real threat of a human pandemic emerging, increase security of the global food system and lead to healthier pigs.
Ameliorative potentials of Persea americana leaf extract on toxicants - induced oxidative assault in multiple organs of wistar albino rat
Authors: Ogunmoyole Temidayo , Dada Iretiogo , Adebamigbe Oluwatosin Adebukola 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Persea americana (PA) is a popular medicinal plant in folkloric medicines. The present study therefore investigates the ameliorative potentials of its leaves extract on carbon tetrachloride and rifampicin-induced toxicity in the liver, kidney and heart of albino rat. This was aimed at assessing the potentials of the plant in the management of liver, kidney and heart diseases.

Methodology
Forty (40) rats were randomly divided into eight (8) groups of five animals each. Groups I and II were administered with only distilled water and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) respectively. Groups III and IV animals received 3.0 ml/kg bw of CCl4 and were treated with the extract at 50 mg/kg bw and 100 mg/kg respectively, while group V received 100 mg/kg bw. of silymarin orally for 14 days. Groups VI animals were administered with rifampicin (250 mg/kg bw.) only, while groups VII and VIII animals received rifampicin and were treated with 50 mg and 100 mg/kg bw of the extract respectively. Activities of creatine kinase, aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase, superoxide dismutase, catalase as well as levels of urea, uric acid, bilirubin and malonidialdehyde (MDA) were assayed. Lipid profiles and histopathological examination of liver and kidney slices were also performed.

Result
Treatment with P. americana significantly (p < 0.05) restored all deranged biochemical parameters (creatine kinase, aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, uric acid, bilirubin, MDA, lipid profile as well as superoxide dismutase and catalase) in a dose-dependent manner. Normal hepatic and renal histoarchitecture were also restored following treatment with P. americana.

Conclusion
Amelioration of distorted cardiac, hepatic and renal histoarchitecture as well as restoration of lipid profile, biomarkers of liver and kidney injury and antioxidant enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase) affirm the potential usefulness of P. americana in the management of liver, kidney and heart diseases.
Updated Integrated Analysis of the Efficacy and Safety of Entrectinib in Locally Advanced or MetastaticROS1Fusion–Positive Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Dziadziuszko Rafal , Krebs Matthew G. , De Braud Filippo , Siena Salvatore , Drilon Alexander , Doebele Robert C. , Patel Manish R. , Cho Byoung Chul , Liu Stephen V. , Ahn Myung-Ju , Chiu Chao-Hua , Farago Anna F. , Lin Chia-Chi , Karapetis Christos S. , Li Yu-Chung , Day Bann-mo , Chen David , Wilson Timothy R. , Barlesi Fabrice 
Published: March 2021

PURPOSEGenetic rearrangements of the tyrosine receptor kinase ROS proto-oncogene 1 ( ROS1) are oncogenic drivers in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We report the results of an updated integrated analysis of three phase I or II clinical trials (ALKA-372-001, STARTRK-1, and STARTRK-2) of the ROS1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, entrectinib, in ROS1 fusion–positive NSCLC.METHODSThe efficacy-evaluable population included adults with locally advanced or metastatic ROS1 fusion–positive NSCLC with or without CNS metastases who received entrectinib ≥ 600 mg orally once per day. Co-primary end points were objective response rate (ORR) assessed by blinded independent central review and duration of response (DoR). Secondary end points included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), intracranial ORR, intracranial DoR, intracranial PFS, and safety.RESULTSIn total, 161 patients with a follow-up of ≥ 6 months were evaluable. The median treatment duration was 10.7 months (IQR, 6.4-17.7). The ORR was 67.1% (n = 108, 95% CI, 59.3 to 74.3), and responses were durable (12-month DoR rate, 63%, median DoR 15.7 months). The 12-month PFS rate was 55% (median PFS 15.7 months), and the 12-month OS rate was 81% (median OS not estimable). In 24 patients with measurable baseline CNS metastases by blinded independent central review, the intracranial ORR was 79.2% (n = 19; 95% CI, 57.9 to 92.9), the median intracranial PFS was 12.0 months (95% CI, 6.2 to 19.3), and the median intracranial DoR was 12.9 months (12-month rate, 55%). The safety profile in this updated analysis was similar to that reported in the primary analysis, and no new safety signals were found.CONCLUSIONEntrectinib continued to demonstrate a high level of clinical benefit for patients with ROS1 fusion–positive NSCLC, including patients with CNS metastases.
Magnetically stable zero-bias anomaly in Andreev contact to the magnetic Weyl semimetal Co3Sn2S2
Authors: Shvetsov O. O. , Barash Yu. S. , Egorov S. V. , Timonina A. V. , Kolesnikov N. N. , Deviatov E. V. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Being encouraged by the interplay between topology, superconductivity and magnetism, we experimentally investigate charge transport through the interface between the Nb superconductor and the time-reversal symmetry breaking Weyl semimetal Co3Sn2S2. In addition to the proximity-induced superconducting gap, we observe prominent subgap zero-bias anomaly. The anomaly demonstrates an unusual robustness to external magnetic fields: its width is absolutely stable up to the critical field of Nb, while its amplitude exhibits a weak non-monotonous variation. As the promising scenario of emergence of the zero-bias anomaly in transport characteristics, we consider the proximity-induced zero-energy Andreev bound states interfaced with the half-metallic Co3Sn2S2 and influenced by the strong spin-orbit coupling and large Zeeman splitting.
Thermoelectric properties of half Heusler topological semi-metal LiAuTe
Authors: Yadav Anita , Kumar Shailesh , Muruganathan Manoharan , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this article, we report theoretical investigations of topological and thermoelectric properties of the non-centrosymmetric compound LiAuTe which forms into a dynamically stable FCC structure of space group

. While HSE calculations reveal the compound as a topological semi-metal with a band inversion at the Γ-point, a high value of

as per its band structure calculations indicates its arising thermoelectric properties. From further investigations of thermoelectricity, the Seeback coefficient and power factor are

and

, respectively, which are comparable to those of well-known thermoelectric materials like HgTe, SnTe, etc. The theoretical investigations show that LiAuTe carries huge potentials for applications in spintronics as well as thermoelectricity, therefore needs to be synthesized and investigated experimentally.
Segregated Neighborhoods, Segregated Schools: Do Charters Break a Stubborn Link?
Authors: Rich Peter , Candipan Jennifer , Owens Ann 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Residential and school segregation have historically mirrored each other, with school segregation seen as simply reflecting residential patterns given neighborhood-based school assignment policy. We argue that the relationship is circular, such that school options also influence residential outcomes. We hypothesize that the expansion of charter schools could simultaneously lead to an increase in school segregation and a decrease in residential segregation. We examine what happens when neighborhood and school options are decoupled via public school choice in the form of charter schools using data from the census and the Common Core of Data on a national sample of more than 1,500 metropolitan districts. We find that Black-White school segregation increased and residential segregation declined in response to increases in the charter enrollment share from 2000 to 2010. In districts with charter schools, the average increase in the charter enrollment share corresponded to a 12% increase in school segregation and 2% decline in residential segregation. We find no relationship between charter school expansion and school segregation between White and Hispanic students, perhaps because Hispanic students attend more racially diverse charters than White or Black students. White-Hispanic residential segregation declined as charter enrollment increased. Our results demonstrate that educational policy is consequential for both school and neighborhood population processes. When these two contexts are decoupled via public school choice, school and neighborhood segregation patterns move in opposite directions, rather than mirroring each other. Our findings also provide a cautionary lesson for unfettered expansion of choice without integration imperatives.
PDZD8-mediated lipid transfer at contacts between the ER and late endosomes/lysosomes is required for neurite outgrowth
Authors: Gao Yuan , Xiong Juan , Chu Qing-Zhu , Ji Wei-Ke 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Membrane contact sites (MCSs) between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and late endosomes/lysosomes (LE/lys) are emerging as critical hubs for diverse cellular events, and changes in their extents are linked to severe neurological diseases. While recent studies show that the synaptotagmin-like mitochondrial-lipid-binding (SMP) domain-containing protein PDZD8 may mediate the formation of ER–LE/lys MCSs, the cellular functions of PDZD8 remain largely elusive. Here, we attempt to investigate the lipid transfer activities of PDZD8 and the extent to which its cellular functions depend on its lipid transfer activities. In accordance with recent studies, we demonstrate that PDZD8 is a protrudin (ZFYVE27)-interacting protein and that PDZD8 acts as a tether at ER–LE/lys MCSs. Furthermore, we discover that the SMP domain of PDZD8 binds glycerophospholipids and ceramides both in vivo and in vitro, and that the SMP domain can transport lipids between membranes in vitro. Functionally, PDZD8 is required for LE/lys positioning and neurite outgrowth, which is dependent on the lipid transfer activity of the SMP domain.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Intersection of motor volumes predicts the outcome of ambush predation of larval zebrafish
Authors: Bhattacharyya Kiran , McLean David L. , MacIver Malcolm A. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Escape maneuvers are key determinants of animal survival and are under intense selection pressure. A number of escape maneuver parameters contribute to survival, including response latency, escape speed and direction. However, the relative importance of these parameters is context dependent, suggesting that interactions between parameters and predatory context determine the likelihood of escape success. To better understand how escape maneuver parameters interact and contribute to survival, we analyzed the responses of larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) to the attacks of dragonfly nymphs (Sympetrum vicinum). We found that no single parameter explains the outcome. Instead, the relative intersection of the swept volume of the nymph's grasping organs with the volume containing all possible escape trajectories of the fish is the strongest predictor of escape success. In cases where the prey's motor volume exceeds that of the predator, the prey survives. By analyzing the intersection of these volumes, we compute the survival benefit of recruiting the Mauthner cell, a neuron in anamniotes devoted to producing escapes. We discuss how the intersection of motor volume approach provides a framework that unifies the influence of many escape maneuver parameters on the likelihood of survival.
The significance of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis for postoperative complications of thyroid surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gan X , Feng J , Deng X , Shen F , Lu J , Liu Q , Cai W , Chen Z , Guo M , Xu B 
Published: March 2021

Introduction Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is one of the most common immune-mediated diseases. It makes thyroid surgery more complicated and difficult because there may be adhesions between the thyroid gland and surrounding structures. However, it is still controversial whether HT patients carry a high risk for postoperative complications of thyroid surgery. The purpose of this study was to investigate the significance of HT for the postoperative complications of thyroid surgery. Methods A search for studies assessing the postoperative complication risks of HT patients compared with that of patients with benign nodules (BNs) was performed in PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science. Nine studies (20,118 cases, 1,582 cases of HT and 18,536 cases of BN) were identified, and the data from the relevant outcomes were extracted and analysed. Results There were no significant differences between the HT group and BN group in recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (RLNP) and permanent hypoparathyroidism (PHP). The rate of transient hypocalcaemia (THC) was significantly higher in the HT group (16.85%) than in the BN group (13.20%). Conclusions The meta-analysis showed that HT only increased the risk of the postoperative complication THC compared to BN. Understanding the significance of HT in postoperative hypoparathyroidism after thyroid surgery would help clinicians perform sufficient preoperative (and postoperative) assessments and to optimise surgical planning.
Inverse design of broadband and lossless topological photonic crystal waveguide modes
Authors: Nussbaum Eric , Sauer Erik , Hughes Stephen 
Published: March 2021

Topological photonic crystal waveguides can create edge states that may be more robust against fabrication disorder and can yield propagation modes below the light line. We present a fully three-dimensional method to modify state-of-the-art designs to achieve a significant bandwidth improvement for lossless propagation. Starting from an initial design with a normalized bandwidth of 7.5% (13.4 THz), the modification gives more than 100% bandwidth improvement to 16.2% (28.0 THz). This new design is obtained using an automatic differentiation enabled inverse design and a guided mode expansion technique to efficiently calculate the band structure and edge state modes.
Analog-digital hybrid chaos-based long-haul coherent optical secure communication
Authors: Fu Yudi , Cheng Mengfan , Shao Weidong , Luo Hanwen , Li Di , Deng Lei , Yang Qi , Liu Deming 
Published: March 2021

We propose and numerically investigate a chaotic optical coherent secure communication scheme, which supports long-haul secure transmission for signals in advanced modulation formats. A hybrid optical chaos system is designed with coordination of digital and analog signals. The hybrid entropy source provides a broadband analog optical chaos signal, which could serve as the carrier to load quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) data. Simultaneously, a digital binary signal generated from the entropy source is transmitted to establish long-haul chaotic synchronization. Coherent detection is utilized at the receiver, and a digital signal processing (DSP) algorithm is adopted to reduce transmission distortion. A 5 Gbaud 16QAM signal is encrypted by a phase chaos carrier with the effective bandwidth of 5.8 GHz. A bit error rate (BER) below forward error correction (FEC) can be achieved after transmitting over 1600 km based on digital-signal-induced chaos synchronization technology. Optimal launch power is investigated to minimize nonlinear effects of transmission links. System security is guaranteed by the high dynamical complexity of the chaotic source and the sensitive time delay as the secret key.
Reference intervals of common clinical biochemistry analytes in young Nigerian adults
Authors: Ayemoba Ojor , Okeji Nathan , Hussain Nurudeen , Umar Tahir , Ajemba-Life Anthony , Kene Terfa , Edom Uchechukwu , Ogueri Ikechukwu , Nwagbara Goodluck , Ochai Inalegwu , Adekanye Usman , Onoh Ikenna 
Published: March 2021

Background
Reference intervals are assessment tools for interpretation of clinical test results. These intervals describe the dispersion of test parameter values of apparently healthy persons in defined populations as health status indicators. Using reference intervals obtained and validated in populations outside the geographical region of derivation for medical decision-making may impact negatively on clinical interpretation and patient management. Many countries have established their reference values, current studies on these data for Nigeria are however scarce. Determination of clinical biochemistry reference intervals for young Nigerian adults which is of particular importance in routine clinical management and conduct of clinical trials in response to existing and emerging diseases will add significantly to the existing body of knowledge.

Objective
The objective was to establish reference intervals for 24biochemistry analytes among Nigerians aged 18 to 26 years.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study among 7,797 consenting male and female military applicants aged 18 to 26 years from 37 States of Nigeria. It was a total study among volunteers for military service. Blood samples were collected and subjected to serological testing for HIV-1 and 2, hepatitis-B, malaria, pregnancy and haematuria to restrict our study population to apparently healthy participants. Biochemical assays were performed on 6,169 participant samples that met the inclusion criteria. Generated data was entered into MS Excel® and exported into SPSS® software version 16 for analysis. Statistical tools used were frequencies, median, mid 95th percentile range with 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles as limits. Reference intervals were estimated using nonparametric methods. No intergender statistical comparison was made.

Results
Complete records were obtained for 6,169 eligible participants. Median values and associated reference intervals were similar in both genders.

Conclusion
The findings from this study will help in clinical decision-making and play a significant role in supporting the current global rapid expansion of clinical trials in response to the urgent need for preventive and therapeutic solutions to existing and emerging diseases.
Making Waves behind Bars: The Prison Radio Association, Charlotte Bedford (2018)
Authors: Jallov Birgitte 
Published: March 2021

Review of: Making Waves behind Bars: The Prison Radio Association, Charlotte Bedford (2018)
Bristol: Bristol University Press, University of Bristol, 195 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-52920-336-3, h/bk, £36.00
ISBN 978-1-52920-343-1, ePUB, £7.19
ISBN 978-1-52920-336-3, Kindle, £8.50
Media Cultures in Latin America: Key Concepts and New Debates, A. C. Pertierra and J. F. Salazar (eds) (2020)
Authors: Casanova Jair Vega 
Published: March 2021

Review of: Media Cultures in Latin America: Key Concepts and New Debates, A. C. Pertierra and J. F. Salazar (eds) (2020)
New York: Routledge, 208 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-138-35395-4, h/bk, US$112.00
ISBN 978-0-429-42512-7, e-book, US$34.27
Peligrosidad de inundaciones en Extremadura y daños asociados
Authors: López Rodríguez Enrique , Leco Berrocal Felipe , Mateos Rodríguez Ana Beatriz 
Published: March 2021

Las inundaciones son uno de los riesgos naturales que producen mayores impactos a nivel humano, económico y ambiental, sólo en Europa causaron la pérdida de más de 8.000 vidas en el último siglo. En España los costes económicos asociados a las inundaciones en los últimos 40 años se estiman en más de 5.500.000.000 euros. El objetivo principal de este trabajo se centra en profundizar en el conocimiento de las inundaciones en Extremadura, tanto desde la óptica de la repercusión espacial de las áreas afectadas como de los impactos asociados a las mismas. El estudio se ha llevado a cabo desde una metodología cualitativa y descriptiva-analítica, utilizando Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) para cartografiar, cuantificar y analizar las variables relacionadas con las inundaciones y con la gestión del riesgo.Los resultados señalan que en Extremadura la superficie considerada de “alto riesgo” afecta a 30.000 ha y cerca de 19.000 ha se encuentran en situación de “riesgo frecuente”, en tanto que el análisis socioeconómico del riesgo muestra que las áreas de regadío concentran la mayor superficie categorizada de “alto riesgo”. Se concluye, igualmente, que la cuenca extremeña del Guadiana presenta un mayor riesgo de inundaciones (70%) que la cuenca del Tajo (30%).
An Architecture for Agent’s Risk Perception
Authors: Trindade Nuno , Antunes Luis 
Published: March 2021

One of the critical issues in agent’s risk decisions is perception, specially because it assumes a key role on the decision process. This subject has not received enough attention in agent’s modelling literature. Until now, the main focus has been on the decision making process of agent’s and consecutive interpretation of their behaviours. In this sense, risk literature needs to focus on perception. It is through this cognitive process that all relation between individuals and the risk event will be recognized. In this sense, agent’s make decisions about a specific type of risk by taking into account their own perception. To help understanding how perception works, it became necessary to design the mechanisms and consequent context dimensions involved on it. Following this objective, we defined an architecture explaining this cognitive process. An architecture for agents’ risk perception complemented by the associated factors of context dimensions, in order to understand this subjective process, that happen in our minds .