bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous Transhepatic Biopsy for Extrahepatic Lesions
Authors: Onishi Yasuyuki , Arai Yasuaki , Sone Miyuki , Sugawara Shunsuke , Itou Chihiro , Kimura Shintaro 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose The purpose was to assess the diagnostic accuracy and safety of percutaneous transhepatic biopsy for extrahepatic lesions.
Materials and Methods Between January 2008 and December 2019, 26 patients (17 men and 9 women; median age, 60 years) underwent percutaneous transhepatic needle biopsy for extrahepatic lesions at our institution. Transhepatic biopsy was deemed appropriate compared with other biopsy routes or methods (i.e., endoscopic or surgical). The lesions were in the porta hepatis (n = 9), retroperitoneum (n = 6), right adrenal gland (n = 4), right kidney (n = 3), lesser omentum (n = 2), duodenum (n = 1), pleura (n = 1), and inferior vena cava (n = 1). The median maximal diameter of the lesions was 45.5 mm (range, 18–148 mm). Core-needle biopsy was performed in all patients. Eighteen-gauge and 21-G needles were used in 25 and one patient, respectively. Ultrasound was used for biopsy in 21 patients, and CT fluoroscopy was used in five patients. Postbiopsy tract embolization was performed in three patients. Technical success and diagnostic accuracy of the biopsy were evaluated. Complications were recorded using the systemic inflammation response (SIR) criteria.
Results The pathological results of biopsy were carcinoma (n = 10), lymphoma (n = 9), and other diagnoses (n = 7). Technical success was obtained in all patients. The accurate diagnosis was achieved in 24 of the 26 patients (92.3%). A major complication, a bladder tamponade, was observed in one patient (3.8%) after biopsy of a right kidney lesion. A hematoma caused by iatrogenic renal injury likely obstructed the bladder outlet. Minor complications were observed in three patients (11.5%).
Conclusions Percutaneous transhepatic biopsy for extrahepatic lesions is feasible with acceptable safety.
Parents’ Perception on Mobile Phone Usage of Their Children and Knowledge on Its Hazards in Selected Hospital, Mangalore
Authors: Pereira Priya Sweety , Sequera Sonia Karen Liz 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction Cell phones have achieved a milestone in modern technology where they have become handy to everyone. Advancement taken place in mobile phone technology has enabled its use in online purchasing as well as communication. On one hand, it is a helping tool for faster communication; on other hand, we cannot deny the fact of its harmful effects. The young teens are the age group who have been addicted to the mobiles. It is only the parents who can mould child’s behavior and personality. In this regard, parents can play an important role in enhancing the sense of responsibility in vigilant use of mobile at the early age.
Materials and Methods A quantitative descriptive research design was used in this study to collect data from 340 parents of 12 to 20 years age group who are visiting all the outpatient departments of selected Medical College Hospital, Mangaluru. Data was collected by administering demographic proforma, self-prepared perception checklist, and knowledge questionnaire on hazards of mobile phone usage.
Results Majority 230 (67.6%) parents had generally perceived that their children were spending too much of time on mobile phone and also 187(55%) parents perceived that children use mobile with earphones while traveling and 200(58.8%) parents perceived that their children have become lazy and lost interest in studies too. A total of 210 (61.8%) of parents had inadequate knowledge and 130 (38.2%) of them had adequate knowledge on hazards of mobile usage. There was association between knowledge on hazards of mobile phone usage and selected demographic variables as the p-value computed was found to be significant at 0.05 level of significance. There was no association found between knowledge and gender (0.052).
Conclusion As per the study findings, it was very clear that parents were observing some of the behavioral and emotional changes that were happening in their children. Hence, parents need to be educated and made aware of the possible hazards of mobile usage that may help them to tackle all the childhood issues and help in child’s overall development.
Differences in Postmortem Investigation following Perinatal Death
Authors: Nestander Matthew A. , Berryman Kathryn , Brady Robert , Aden James , Haischer-Rollo Gayle 
Published: June 2021

Objective The study aimed to describe the postmortem investigation patterns for perinatal deaths and compare the degree of investigation between stillbirths and early neonatal deaths.
Study Design We conducted a single-center retrospective review of all perinatal deaths from 2011 to 2017. Perinatal death was defined as intrauterine fetal death at ≥20 weeks' gestation, plus neonatal deaths within the first 7 days of life. Rates of postmortem investigation were compared.
Results There were 97 perinatal deaths, with 54 stillbirths (56%) and 43 neonatal deaths (44%). Stillbirths were significantly more likely to receive autopsy (p = 0.013) and postmortem genetic testing (p = 0.0004) when compared with neonatal deaths. Maternal testing was also more likely in stillbirths than neonatal deaths. A total of 32 deaths (33%) had no postmortem evaluation beyond placental pathology.
Conclusion Investigation following perinatal death is more likely in stillbirths than neonatal deaths. Methods to improve postmortem investigation following perinatal death are needed, particularly for neonatal deaths.
Key Points
Transcutaneous Bilirubin Monitoring in Preterm Infants of 23 to 34 Weeks' Gestation
Authors: Weber Jennifer , Vadasz-Chates Nataly , Wade Christine , Micetic Becky , Gerkin Richard , Rao Suma 
Published: June 2021

Objective The study aimed to evaluate the validity of transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) measurements at three sites in premature infants born at 230/7 to 346/7 weeks' gestational age (GA) compared with total serum bilirubin (TSB) measurements.
Study Design A prospective study was conducted at Banner – University Medical Center Phoenix, where informed consent was obtained from the infant's parent or legally authorized representative. Cohort A was comprised of infants 230/7 to 286/7 weeks' GA and Cohort B contained subjects 290/7 to 346/7 weeks' GA. Baseline TSB measurements were collected at approximately 24 hours of life, as the standard of care and the TcB measurements were obtained from the sternum, interscapular, and buttock areas at approximately ± 30 minutes from collection of the TSB. Statistical analysis of measurements including sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values, and the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) were performed.
Results A total of 166 infants were included in the study population. Cohort A consisted of 41 subjects and Cohort B contained 125 subjects. The results showed that baseline TcB measurements from the interscapular area were the most sensitive and specific with TSB levels >5.0 mg/dL in Cohort A. Baseline TcB measurements from the sternum demonstrated greatest sensitivity and specificity when the TSB level was >8.0 mg/dL in Cohort B. In general, each of the three sites in both cohorts demonstrated excellent AUROCs and negative predictive values.
Conclusion The use of a TcB meter in preterm infants can be a reliable noninvasive screening tool for hyperbilirubinemia, and it may be beneficial in decreasing painful stimuli and iatrogenic blood loss when used as an adjunct to TSB monitoring.
Key Points
Formation of quasi-two-dimensional electron gas at the interface of ZnO/Ga2O3 heterostructure
Authors: Lu Hongliang , Liu Kai , Ma Hongping , Zhao Xuefeng , Zhang David Wei , Liu Yuhang 
Published: June 2021

A two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) was formed at the interface of an ultrathin ZnO/Ga2O3 heterostructure deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) at 200 °C on a SiO2/Si substrate. It is found that the sheet resistance decreases steeply to ∼104 Ω/□ as the thickness of the ZnO layer increases to a certain extent, and an optimal thickness of the top layer is determined. An ∼50-nm-thick β-phase Ga2O3 layer was formed after annealing at 800 °C, and a 12-nm-thick amorphous ZnO layer was observed by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The oxygen defects were analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The defect energy levels of oxygen vacancies in Ga2O3 and ZnO thin films were calculated by first-principles simulation, and oxygen vacancies were generated at the interface of the ZnO/Ga2O3 thin film heterostructure to form 2DEG, which is demonstrated experimentally and theoretically. An assumption is proposed that the oxygen vacancy plays a role of the donor of free electrons at the ZnO/Ga2O3 interface because of the small energy level between the oxygen vacancy defect level and conduction band minimum (CBM) of the ZnO layer, which could easily trigger the charge transfer in the interface region. The 2DEG can be realized on the partially ordered microstructure of the Ga2O3 layer. With the assistance of the ALD technique, the thickness of the ZnO/Ga2O3 heterostructure can be as thin as ∼65 nm, which is favorable for devices of stack or ultrathin structures. Moreover, the low temperature deposition by ALD can be adopted for flexible or stretchable devices.
Helicobacter pylori’s historical journey through Siberia and the Americas
Authors: Moodley Yoshan , Brunelli Andrea , Ghirotto Silvia , Klyubin Andrey , Maady Ayas S. , Tyne William , Muñoz-Ramirez Zilia Y. , Zhou Zhemin , Manica Andrea , Linz Bodo , Achtman Mark 
Published: June 2021

SignificanceThe peopling of Siberia and the Americas is intriguing for archaeologists, linguists, and human geneticists, but despite significant recent developments, many details remain controversial. Here, we provide insights based on genetic diversity withinHelicobacter pylori, a bacterium that infects 50% of all humans.H. pyloristrains were collected from across eastern Eurasia and the Americas. Sequence analyses indicated that Siberia contains both anciently diverged and recently admixed bacteria, supporting both human persistence over the last glacial maximum and more recent human recolonization. We inferred a single migration across the Bering land bridge, accompanied by a dramatic reduction in effective population size, followed by bidirectional Holocene gene flow between Asia and the Americas.
Monocarboxylate transporter antagonism reveals metabolic vulnerabilities of viral-driven lymphomas
Authors: Bonglack Emmanuela N. , Messinger Joshua E. , Cable Jana M. , Ch’ng James , Parnell K. Mark , Reinoso-Vizcaíno Nicolás M. , Barry Ashley P. , Russell Veronica S. , Dave Sandeep S. , Christofk Heather R. , Luftig Micah A. 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infects virtually every human by adulthood with limited symptoms. However, in the context of immune suppression, EBV can cause lymphomas. EBV-associated lymphomas have poor prognoses and limited treatment options, highlighting a need to better understand EBV-mediated tumorigenesis. One common feature of viral replication and cancer is dysregulation of metabolism. Indeed, EBV dramatically reprograms host cell metabolism, up-regulating both oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. In this report, we identify metabolic vulnerabilities of EBV-infected primary human B cells, EBV-positive lymphomas, and lymphomas caused by the related oncogenic herpesvirus, KSHV. Pharmacological inhibition of lactate export suppressed these lymphomas and rendered them hypersensitive to metformin and phenformin. These findings together with our mechanistic studies outline a therapeutic strategy for viral lymphomas.
Potency boost of a
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor by multienzyme F
420
H
2
-dependent reduction
Authors: Aragaw Wassihun Wedajo , Lee Brendon M. , Yang Xuan , Zimmerman Matthew D. , Gengenbacher Martin , Dartois Véronique , Chui Wai-Keung , Jackson Colin J. , Dick Thomas 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Bacterial metabolism can cause intrinsic drug resistance but can also convert inactive parent drugs into bioactive derivatives, as is the case for several antimycobacterial prodrugs. Here, we show that the intrabacterial metabolism of a Mtb dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitor with moderate affinity for its target boosts its on-target activity by two orders of magnitude. This is a “prodrug-like” antimycobacterial that possesses baseline activity in the absence of intracellular bioactivation. By elucidating the metabolic enhancement mechanism, we have provided the basis for the rational optimization of a class of DHFR inhibitors and uncovered an antibacterial drug discovery concept.
Computational modeling of ovarian cancer dynamics suggests optimal strategies for therapy and screening
Authors: Gu Shengqing , Lheureux Stephanie , Sayad Azin , Cybulska Paulina , Hogen Liat , Vyarvelska Iryna , Tu Dongsheng , Parulekar Wendy R. , Nankivell Matthew , Kehoe Sean , Chi Dennis S. , Levine Douglas A. , Bernardini Marcus Q. , Rosen Barry , Oza Amit , Brown Myles , Neel Benjamin G. 
Published: June 2021

Significance
The optimal timing of surgery/chemotherapy and the benefits of earlier diagnosis of HGSC remain controversial. We developed a mathematical framework of tumor dynamics, populated the model with primary clinical data, and reliably recapitulated clinical observations. Our model predicts that 1) PDS is superior to NACT with relatively small tumor burden and when complete debulking is feasible, 2) timely adjuvant chemotherapy is critical for the outcome of PDS with <1-mm residual tumors, 3) earlier detection of relapse is unlikely beneficial with current therapies, and 4) earlier detection of primary HGSC could have substantial benefit. These results provide insights into the evolutionary dynamics of HGSC, argue for new clinical trials to optimize therapy, and are potentially applicable to other tumor types.
Interleukin-6 is an activator of pituitary stem cells upon local damage, a competence quenched in the aging gland
Authors: Vennekens Annelies , Laporte Emma , Hermans Florian , Cox Benoit , Modave Elodie , Janiszewski Adrian , Nys Charlotte , Kobayashi Hiroto , Malengier-Devlies Bert , Chappell Joel , Matthys Patrick , Garcia Marie-Isabelle , Pasque Vincent , Lambrechts Diether , Vankelecom Hugo 
Published: June 2021

Significance
The pituitary is our master endocrine gland. Local damage and aging present important threats. We started to decrypt the ill-defined regulation of the gland’s stem cells, typically dormant but acutely activated upon damage. Single-cell transcriptomics uncovered interleukin-6 as a pituitary stem cell activator upon local damage, corroborated in vivo and in vitro using stem cell–derived organoids. This competence extinguishes at aging, concurrent with a raised inflammatory state in the older gland (inflammaging). However, the aging pituitary’s stem cells retain intrinsic activatability, resurfacing once released from their impeding tissue milieu. Our insights may instigate tactics to refrain the pituitary from aging or rejuvenate the aging gland. The single-cell transcriptomic database provides a powerful resource to decipher pituitary damage and aging.
Proteasomal conformation controls unfolding ability
Authors: Cresti Julianna R. , Manfredonia Abramo J. , Bragança Christopher E. , Boscia Joseph A. , Hurley Christina M. , Cundiff Mary D. , Kraut Daniel A. 
Published: June 2021

Significance
In eukaryotic cells, the proteasome is responsible for most protein degradation. Because of this central role, the proteasome is of interest in diseases ranging from cancer to neurodegeneration. The proteasome undergoes ATP hydrolysis–driven conformational changes during its catalytic cycle that are important for its activity. In this work, we established a system to use Förster resonance energy transfer to characterize these conformational changes. We show that previous predictions of protein interactions that alter equilibria between resting and active forms of the proteasome are correct, and accessing those active conformations allows the proteasome to better unfold and degrade hard-to-degrade substrates. These results suggest that controlling the proteasome’s conformation might be a regulatory strategy to be exploited in drug design.
Quantum non-Gaussianity criteria based on vacuum probabilities of original and attenuated state
Authors: Fiurášek Jaromír , Lachman Lukáš , Filip Radim 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Quantum non-Gaussian states represent an important class of highly non-classical states whose preparation requires quantum operations or measurements beyond the class of Gaussian operations and statistical mixing. Here we derive criteria for certification of quantum non-Gaussianity based on probability of vacuum in the original quantum state and a state transmitted through a lossy channel with transmittance T. We prove that the criteria hold for arbitrary multimode states, which is important for their applicability in experiments with broadband sources and single-photon detectors. Interestingly, our approach allows to detect quantum non-Gaussianity using only one photodetector instead of complex multiplexed photon detection schemes, at the cost of increased experimental time. We also formulate a quantum non-Gaussianity criterion based on the vacuum probability and mean photon number of the state and we show that this criterion is closely related to the criteria based on pair of vacuum probabilities. We illustrate the performance of the obtained criteria on the example of realistic imperfect single-photon states modeled as a mixture of vacuum and single-photon states with background Poissonian noise.
The FAST Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot survey: I. Project design and pulsar discoveries
⋆
Authors: Han J. L. , Wang Chen , Wang P. F. , Wang Tao , Zhou D. J. , Sun Jing-Hai , Yan Yi , Su Wei-Qi , Jing Wei-Cong , Chen Xue , Gao X. Y. , Hou Li-Gang , Xu Jun , Lee K. J. , Wang Na , Jiang Peng , Xu Ren-Xin , Yan Jun , Gan Heng-Qian , Guan Xin , Huang Wen-Jun , Jiang Jin-Chen , Li Hui , Men Yun-Peng , Sun Chun , Wang Bo-Jun , Wang H. G. , Wang Shuang-Qiang , Xie Jin-Tao , Xu Heng , Yao Rui , You Xiao-Peng , Yu D. J. , Yuan Jian-Ping , Yuen Rai , Zhang Chun-Feng , Zhu Yan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Discovery of pulsars is one of the main goals for large radio telescopes. The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST), that incorporates an L-band 19-beam receiver with a system temperature of about 20 K, is the most sensitive radio telescope utilized for discovering pulsars. We designed the snapshot observation mode for a FAST key science project, the Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot (GPPS) survey, in which every four nearby pointings can observe a cover of a sky patch of 0.1575 square degrees through beam-switching of the L-band 19-beam receiver. The integration time for each pointing is 300 seconds so that the GPPS observations for a cover can be made in 21 minutes. The goal of the GPPS survey is to discover pulsars within the Galactic latitude of ± 10° from the Galactic plane, and the highest priority is given to the inner Galaxy within ± 5°. Up to now, the GPPS survey has discovered 201 pulsars, including currently the faintest pulsars which cannot be detected by other telescopes, pulsars with extremely high dispersion measures (DMs) which challenge the currently widely used models for the Galactic electron density distribution, pulsars coincident with supernova remnants, 40 millisecond pulsars, 16 binary pulsars, some nulling and mode-changing pulsars and rotating radio transients (RRATs). The follow-up observations for confirmation of new pulsars have polarization-signals recorded for polarization profiles of the pulsars. Re-detection of previously known pulsars in the survey data also leads to significant improvements in parameters for 64 pulsars. The GPPS survey discoveries are published and will be updated at http://zmtt.bao.ac.cn/GPPS/.
Accretion properties of MAXI J1813-095 during its failed outburst in 2018
Authors: Jana Arghajit , Jaisawal Gaurava K. , Naik Sachindra , Kumari Neeraj , Chatterjee Debjit , Chatterjee Kaushik , Bhowmick Riya , Chakrabarti Sandip K. , Chang Hsiang-Kuang , Debnath Dipak 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We present the results obtained from detailed timing and spectral studies of a black hole candidate MAXI J1813–095 using Swift, NICER, and NuSTAR observations during its 2018 outburst. The timing behavior of the source is mainly studied by examining NICER light curves in the 0.5–10 keV range. We did not find any signature of quasi-periodic oscillations in the power density spectra of the source. We carry out spectral analysis with a combined disk blackbody & power law model, and physical two-component advective flow (TCAF) model. From the combined disk blackbody & power-law model, we extracted thermal and non-thermal fluxes, photon index and inner disk temperature. We also find evidence for weak reflection in the spectra. We have tested the physical TCAF model on a broadband spectrum from NuSTAR and Swift/XRT. The parameters like mass accretion rates, the size of Compton clouds and the shock strength are extracted. Our result affirms that the source remained in the hard state during the entire outburst which indicates a ‘failed’ outburst. We estimate the mass of the black hole as 7.4 ± 1.5 M
⊙ from the spectral study with the TCAF model. We apply the LAOR model for the Fe Kα line emission. From this, the spin parameter of the black hole is ascertained as a* > 0.76$ The inclination angle of the system is estimated to be in the range of 28° – 45° from the reflection model. We find the source distance to be ∼ 6 kpc.
Wastewater treatment and Mycoremediation by P. ostreatus mycelium
Authors: Bhatnagar A , Tamboli E , Mishra A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Wastewater from industries contains a considerable amount of chemicals and is characterized by high biological oxygen demand (BOD), heavy metals, intense color and are thus toxic to the environment. White-rot fungi such as Oyster mushrooms are comprised of high biomass and various degradative enzymes that add to another dimension of use, such as mycoremediation. The mushroom was maintained in vitro in mycelial form. Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR), Methyl Red (M.R.), and Malachite Green (M.G.) dyes, which are recalcitrant dyes that are often used for the preparation of many polymeric dyes, and textile dyeing, were used to test the decolorization potential of natural isolates of oyster mushroom. Mycelium was grown in the presence of RBBR, MR, and M.G. at a concentration of 100μM. It was found to decolorize more than 70%, 95%, and 80% of RBBR, MR, and M.G. dye, respectively, within 6 days. Mushroom mycelium was also tested for its lead tolerance and heavy metal biosorption potential. Lead tolerance was studied up to 500mg/L, which shows species′ latent growth with fungal morphology changes. Biosorption ability was observed by the use of Inductively Coupled Plasma spectrometry, which shows lowered concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Ni) after 5 days of mycelial growth in the presence of these metals. The isolated strain was also found to have significant decolorizing and degrading potential for synthetic dyes and phenolic compounds in industrial effluents. This study focuses on edible oyster mushrooms′ ability to develop environmentally less aggressive processes in the treatment of industrial effluents.