bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isoflurane Suppresses Hippocampal High-frequency Ripples by Differentially Modulating Pyramidal Neurons and Interneurons in Mice
Authors: Zhao Wenling , Zhao Shuai , Zhu Tao , Ou Mengchan , Zhang Donghang , Sun Huaiqiang , Liu Jin , Chen Xiangdong , Hemmings Hugh C. , Zhou Cheng 
Published: May 2021

Background
Isoflurane can induce anterograde amnesia. Hippocampal ripples are high-frequency oscillatory events occurring in the local field potentials of cornu ammonis 1 involved in memory processes. The authors hypothesized that isoflurane suppresses hippocampal ripples at a subanesthetic concentration by modulating the excitability of cornu ammonis 1 neurons.

Methods
The potencies of isoflurane for memory impairment and anesthesia were measured in mice. Hippocampal ripples were measured by placing recording electrodes in the cornu ammonis 1. Effects of isoflurane on the excitability of hippocampal pyramidal neurons and interneurons were measured. A simulation model of ripples based on the firing frequency of hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 neurons was used to validate the effects of isoflurane on neuronal excitability in vitro and on ripples in vivo.

Results
Isoflurane at 0.5%, which did not induce loss of righting reflex, impaired hippocampus-dependent fear memory by 97.4 ± 3.1% (mean ± SD; n = 14; P < 0.001). Isoflurane at 0.5% reduced ripple amplitude (38 ± 13 vs. 42 ± 13 μV; n = 9; P = 0.003), rate (462 ± 66 vs. 538 ± 81 spikes/min; n = 9; P = 0.002) and duration (36 ± 5 vs. 48 ± 9 ms; n = 9; P < 0.001) and increased the interarrival time (78 ± 7 vs. 69 ± 6 ms; n = 9; P < 0.001) and frequency (148.2 ± 3.9 vs. 145.0 ± 2.9 Hz; n = 9; P = 0.001). Isoflurane at the same concentration depressed action potential frequency in fast-spiking interneurons while slightly enhancing action potential frequency in cornu ammonis 1 pyramidal neurons. The simulated effects of isoflurane on hippocampal ripples were comparable to recordings in vivo.

Conclusions
The authors’ results suggest that a subanesthetic concentration of isoflurane can suppress hippocampal ripples by differentially modulating the excitability of pyramidal neurons and interneurons, which may contribute to its amnestic action.

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Effects of preoperative serum vitamin D levels on early clinical function outcomes and the moderate-to-severe pain prevalence in postmenopausal women after primary total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Song Yu , Liu Sheng-Fu , Wu Zhong , Wang Miao , Cong Rui-Jun , Tao Kun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective:
To investigate the impact of vitamin D levels on early clinical function outcomes and the potential risk factors of moderate-to-severe pain prevalence in postmenopausal women after primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods:
From April 2017 to December 2019, 226 women were retrospectively recruited. The women were divided into two groups based on their preoperative serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels: (1) vitamin D-sufficient group (≥30 ng/mL); (2) vitamin D-deficient group (<30 ng/mL). The visual analog scale, Western Ontario and McMaster Arthritis Index score, and Knee Society Score were used to evaluate clinical outcomes. Risk factors for developing postoperative moderate-to-severe knee pain were studied using multivariate binary logistic regression analyses.

Results:
There was no significant difference in preoperative clinical function assessment between the two groups. The difference in postoperative Western Ontario and McMaster Arthritis Index score between the two groups was statistically significant (15.3 ± 0.7 vs 15.6 ± 0.7: P = 0.02). However, the differences in postoperative visual analog scale and Knee Society Score scores between the two groups were not significant (P > 0.05). The incidence of postoperative moderate-to-severe pain was 16.4% (95% CI 11.8%-21.9%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that vitamin D deficiency, smoking, and high body mass index were potential risk factors for moderate-to-severe knee pain in postmenopausal women early after TKA (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Preoperative vitamin D deficiency may adversely affect early functional outcomes in postmenopausal women after TKA. In addition, vitamin D deficiency, smoking, and high body mass index were independent risk factors for moderate-to-severe knee pain after surgery.
Leisure-Time Physical Activity and General Health Mitigate Effects of Job Demands on Nonrestorative Sleep
Authors: Rusch Lisa M. , Swede Helen , Dugan Alicia G. , Cherniack Martin G. , Barnes-Farrell Janet , Cavallari Jennifer M. 
Published: May 2021

Objective:
We sought to determine if leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) modified the adverse relationship between high job demands and nonrestorative sleep (NRS).

Methods:
We conducted a multivariate logistic regression analysis among workers from the cross-sectional National Healthy Worksite Project (n = 4683) using self-report Likert-Scale data on psychological and physical demands of jobs, LTPA and general health in relation to NRS.

Results:
Not engaging in LTPA was associated with NRS for workers with jobs at the lowest or highest levels of the physical demand scale (OR 1.64, 95% CI: 0.96–2.81, OR 2.06, 95% CI: 0.95–4.45; respectively) in comparison to those who met LTPA recommendations. When assessing psychological demands, poor general health was associated with NRS at all levels of the scale independent of LTPA.

Conclusions:
LTPA may reduce NRS for workers with jobs at either extreme of physical demands.
Analysis of related risk factors of lung metastasis after laparoscopic radical hysterectomy of cervical cancer
Authors: Henglian Liu , Jiajun Wang , Caixia Wang , Gang Lu , Min Xia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
To explore the risk factors of lung metastasis in patients after laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH) of cervical cancer (CC).
The clinical data of CC patients with clinical stage of IA1–IIA2 diagnosed in our hospital from April 2007 to October 2015 were collected. According to the situation of metastasis, the patients were divided into lung metastasis (n = 73) and non-lung metastasis group (n = 2076). The clinical data were compared between 2 groups, and logistic stepwise regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of lung metastasis in patients with CC after LRH.
The incidence of lung metastasis after LRH of CC was 3.39%, and 67.13% of patients with lung metastases had no obvious clinical symptoms. 15.06% patients had lung metastasis in the first year, 38.35% in the second year, 43.83% in the third year and later. The postoperative lung metastasis of CC was related to tumor diameter (P < .001), pathological type (P < .001), interstitial invasion depth (P < .001), pelvic lymph node metastasis (PLNM, P < .001), vascular tumor thrombus (P = .011), tumor uterine invasion (P = .002), and abnormal preoperative tumor markers (P = .015). However, it was not related to age, clinical stage, tumor growth pattern, tumor differentiation, and para-aortic lymph node metastasis (P > .05). Logistic regression analysis revealed non-squamous cell carcinoma (P = .022), tumor diameter ≥4 cm (P = .008), interstitial invasion depth >2/3 (P = .003), PLNM (P = .007), and tumor uterine invasion (P = .037) is an independent risk factor for lung metastasis after LRH of CC.
Non-squamous cell carcinoma, tumor diameter ≥4 cm, tumor interstitial invasion depth >2/3, PLNM, and tumor uterine invasion are independent risk factors for lung metastasis after LRH of CC.
Comparisons between Locomat and Walkbot robotic gait training regarding balance and lower extremity function among non-ambulatory chronic acquired brain injury survivors
Authors: Lee Hoo Young , Park Jung Hyun , Kim Tae-Woo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Lower limb rehabilitation exoskeleton robots connect with the human body in a wearable way and control the movement of joints in the gait rehabilitation process. Among treadmill-based lower limb rehabilitation exoskeleton robots, Lokomat (Hocoma AG, Volketswil, Switzerland) has 4 actuated joints for bilateral hips and knees whereas Walkbot (P&S Mechanics, Seoul, Korea) has 6 bilateral actuated joints for bilateral hips, knees, and ankles. Lokomat and Walkbot robotic gait training systems have not been directly compared previously. The present study aimed to directly compare Lokomat and Walkbot robots in non-ambulatory chronic patients with acquired brain injury (ABI).
The authors conducted a single-center, retrospective, cross-sectional study of 62 subjects with ABI who were admitted to the rehabilitation hospital. Patients were divided into 2 groups: Lokomat (n = 28) and Walkbot (n = 34). Patients were subjected to robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) combined with conventional physical therapy for a total of 14 (8–36) median (interquartile range) sessions. Baseline characteristics, including age, sex, lag time post-injury, ABI type, paralysis type, intervention sessions, lower extremity strength, spasticity, and cognitive function were assessed. Functional ambulation category (FAC) and Berg balance scale (BBS) were used for outcome measures.
There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the groups. Baseline FAC score was 1 (0–2) in Lokomat and 1 (0–1) in Walkbot group. After the intervention, FAC scores improved significantly to 2 (1–3) in both groups (P < .05). Lokomat and Walkbot groups showed significantly enhanced BBS from 5 (2.75–24.25) and 15 (4–26.5) to 15 (4–26.5) and 22 (12–40), respectively (P < .05). Degree of improvements in both group were not significantly different with regard to balance (P = .56) and ambulatory ability (P = .74).
This study indicates that both Locomat and Walkbot robotic gait training combined with conventional gait-oriented physiotherapy are promising intervention for gait rehabilitation in patients with chronic stage of ABI who are not able to walk independently.
Evaluation of the efficiency of corticosteroids in treating adult with sepsis
Authors: Li Ke-Peng , Zeng Yan-Yan , Li Li-Li , Wang Wan-Peng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background:
Sepsis is a worldwide health problem that is a leading cause of mortality due to infection. Sepsis is prevalent in infections that are complicated with organ failure. Generally, sepsis is intricate and impaired corticosteroid metabolism leads to complex outcomes. Therefore, the provision of corticosteroids could lead to improved clinical outcomes. The effect of corticosteroids therapy in adult patients with sepsis is not well studied. Therefore, this study is an attempt to evaluate the efficacy of corticosteroids for treating adult cases of sepsis.

Methods:
We will systematically search the randomized controlled trials for potential eligible studies from online databases, which includes 5 English databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library) and 4 Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Database, VIP information database, and China Biomedical Database) from their origin to March 2021. Languages were restricted to English and Chinese. Two independent authors will be screening the literature, collect, and perform data extraction and quality assessment. Data will be synthesized using appropriate statistical methods.

Results:
This study will summarize present evidence to evaluate the efficacy of corticosteroids for the treatment of adult cases of sepsis.

Conclusion:
The results of the present study will provide the latest, reliable, superior quality evidence for the clinical application of corticosteroids for treating sepsis patients.

Ethics and dissemination:
The present study will use published data and does not require ethics approval.

Protocol registration number:
March 28, 2021.osf.io/tm6sw. (https://osf.io/tm6sw/)
Advancing research for HIV prevention among African, Caribbean and Black men
Authors: Husbands Winston , Etowa Josephine , Oakes Wesley , Omorodion Francisca , Luginaah Isaac , Etowa Egbe , Ghose Bishwajit , Wong Josephine Pui-Hing 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In Ontario, African, Caribbean, and Black (ACB) men account for almost 60% of the estimated number of HIV-positive people (through heterosexual contact), although they constitute less than 5% of the province's population. However, current HIV research, programming and policy in Ontario are not aligned with heterosexual ACB men's healthcare needs and interests, and fail to engage them in community responses to HIV.
weSpeak is a multisite (Ottawa, Toronto, London, and Windsor) project that is aims to:
This will be a mixed method study comprising focus groups, in-depth interviews, and a survey to meet the data objectives. All data collection activities will take place at the same time in 4 cities in 3 sequential phases:
Service providers will participate in the concept mapping exercise to review the research findings and develop program, policy, and community-based initiatives to promote resilience and meaningfully engage heterosexual ACB men in community responses to HIV survey.
This study will provide evidence on:
This study will lead to better understanding of the structural determinants and the psychosocial risk factors of HIV transmission among ACB men in Ontario which will aid in designing evidence-based intervention programs, and thereby reduce their higher vulnerability to HIV and its associated consequences.
Complications of permanent makeup procedures for the eyebrow and eyeline
Authors: Tomita Shoichi , Mori Katsuya , Yamazaki Hitomi , Mori Kaori 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Japan is one of the few countries that consider the application of permanent makeup a medical procedure, and only doctors and nurses are allowed to perform this procedure. Studies on the safety and esthetic outcomes of permanent makeup procedures are not available, although there are studies that report allergies and other complications associated with permanent makeup. Thus, we aimed to study the complications and esthetic outcomes of permanent makeup.
We surveyed clients who underwent permanent eyebrow or eyeline makeup procedures at the Shibuya Mori Clinic between November 2016 and March 2020 using a paper-based questionnaire. The permanent makeup procedures involved inorganic pigments, such as iron oxide and titanium dioxide. The questionnaire consisted of 2 parts: the first part asked whether the clients had experienced persistent redness, itching, swelling, infection, or any other complications (multiple answers possible). The second part used a 5-point Likert scale to rate the clients’ satisfaction with the color, shape, and overall appearance of their permanent makeup. We retrospectively studied the clients’ responses to survey items.
A total of 1352 clients participated in the survey. The median period between the procedure and survey response was 15 days. Overall, complications were reported in 12.1% of cases. The most common complication for each type of procedure was itching for eyebrow procedures (8.2%) and swelling for eyeline procedures (13.2%). Infections were reported in 3 cases (0.2%). None of the post-procedure symptoms persisted until the time of this study. The Likert scale measurements revealed that 89.6% of subjects were satisfied with the aesthetic outcome of their permanent makeup procedure(s).
We believe that all symptoms observed in this study were due to needle insertion. No allergies were observed, and the infection rate was quite low (0.2%). Thus, our results suggest that permanent makeup procedures are safe and are associated with high client satisfaction. We must note that the appropriate environment, equipment, and techniques are important prerequisites.
Uracil-tegafur vs fluorouracil as postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in Stage II and III colon cancer
Authors: Chen Po-Huang , Wu Yi-Ying , Lee Cho-Hao , Chung Chi-Hsiang , Chen Yu-Guang , Huang Tzu-Chuan , Yeh Ren-Hua , Chang Ping-Ying , Dai Ming-Shen , Lai Shiue-Wei , Ho Ching-Liang , Chen Jia-Hong , Chen Yeu-Chin , Hu Je-Ming , Yang Sung-Sen , Chien Wu-Chien 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We conducted a population-based cohort study enrolling patients with Stage II and III colon cancer receiving postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with uracil and tegafur (UFT) or fluorouracil (5-FU) from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database from 2000 to 2015. The outcomes of the current study were disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated by multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models. We compared our effectiveness results from the literature by meta-analysis, which provided the best evidence. Severe adverse events were compared in meta-analysis of reported clinical trials. In the nationwide cohort study, UFT (14,486 patients) showed DFS similar to postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (adjusted HR 1.037; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.954–1.126; P = .397) and OS (adjusted HR 0.964; 95% CI 0.891–1.041; P = .349) compared with the 5-FU (866 patients). Our meta-analysis confirmed the similarity of effectiveness and found the incidence of leucopaenia was statistically significantly reduced in UFT (risk ratio 0.12; 95% CI 0.02–0.67; I

2
= 0%). Through our analysis, we have confirmed that UFT is a well-tolerated adjuvant therapy choice, and has similar treatment efficacy as 5-FU in terms of DFS and OS in patients with Stage II and III colon cancer.
A breastfeeding woman with spontaneous coronary artery dissection and possible takotsubo syndrome
Authors: Takeuchi Makoto , Okada Takenori , Ikegami Yuki , Nakamoto Yumiko , Idei Naomi , Ohashi Norihiko 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
The relationship between spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) and takotsubo syndrome (TTS) remains unclear. Coexistence of SCAD and TTS has been reported in the literature. However, the relationship between these two diseases has not yet been elucidated.

Patient concerns:
A 36-year-old breastfeeding woman was brought to our hospital 52 days after cesarean section because of discomfort in her left arm and convulsions.

Diagnoses:
She was diagnosed of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The convulsions were attributed to lethal arrhythmia.

Interventions:
An immediate coronary angiography revealed that her left anterior descending artery (LAD) was Type 2a SCAD, but with no flow limitation. In addition, a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed improvement in ST-elevation. We chose the conservative treatment according to the patient's needs.

Outcomes:
Conservative treatment was unsuccessful. She developed another acute myocardial infarction requiring another percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) during hospitalization. From the course of hospitalization, we suspected the coexistence of SCAD and TTS.

Lessons:
When we treat patients with SCAD, we should consider the possibility of coexistence of TTS and confirm left ventricular wall motion. Patients with SCAD may require invasive treatment, hence, should be monitored for a while. An urgent strategy for managing patients with SCAD who require PCI should be established.
Hypopharyngeal spindle cell lipoma
Authors: Liang Zheng , Zang Yiqing , Jing Zhibin , Zhang Yujie , Cao Hui , Zhou Huifang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Spindle cell lipoma is a rare, uncommon type of benign lipomatous tumor, a distinct group of lipomas composed of mature adipocytes, uniform spindle cells, and multinucleated giant cells associated with ropey collagen. Immunohistochemically, spindle cell lipoma is characterized by the diffuse expression of CD34.

Patient concerns:
We present a rare case of a 56-year-old man who complained of vomiting out of a smooth and giant mass in the oral cavity provoked by an intra-abdominal pressure increase. Oral examination revealed an elongated mass protruding from the mouth. Computed tomography of the patient showed a mass from left pyriform to oral cavity, with 2.38 × 2.78 × 16.86 cm in size. The flexible fiberscope showed that the pedicle of the elongated mass originated from the posterior wall of the hypopharynx, corresponding to the left pyriform fossa.

Diagnosis:
Histopathologically, the tumor was mainly composed of hyperplastic adipocytes, admixed with small blood vessels, and scattered inside adipose tissue spindle cells. The immunohistochemical profile revealed positivity of spindle cells for CD34, negativity for S100, and low proliferation with Ki67, which confirmed the diagnosis of spindle cell lipoma and revealed its benign behavior.

Interventions:
The patient underwent hypopharyngeal mass resection using transoral suspension laryngoscopy.

Outcomes:
No recurrence was found after 5 months of follow-up.

Lessons:
Spindle cell lipoma is difficult to diagnose early because of slow growth and subtle symptomatology. This entity should be differentiated from several benign or malignant subtypes of lipomas, including liposarcomas. In this case, the spindle cell lipoma is large and originates from the hypopharynx, which is a rare entity and presents with atypical symptoms. This case gave rise to further studies on the clinical and pathologic characteristics of this tumor in the future.
Application and side effects of blood flow restriction technique
Authors: de Queiros Victor Sabino , Dantas Matheus , Neto Gabriel Rodrigues , da Silva Luiz Felipe , Assis Marina Gonçalves , Almeida-Neto Paulo Francisco , Dantas Paulo Moreira Silva , Cabral Breno Guilherme de Araújo Tinôco 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The physiological benefits of applying blood flow restriction (BFR) in isolation or in the presence of physical exercise have been widely documented in the scientific literature. Most investigations carried out under controlled laboratory conditions have found the technique to be safe. However, few studies have analyzed the use of the technique in clinical settings.
To analyze how the BFR technique has been applied by professionals working in the clinical area and the prevalence of side effects (SEs) resulting from the use of this technique.
This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 136 Brazilian professionals who perform some function related to physical rehabilitation, sports science, or physical conditioning participated in this study. Participants answered a self-administered online questionnaire consisting of 21 questions related to the professional profile and methodological aspects and SEs of the BFR technique.
Professionals reported applying the BFR technique on individuals from different age groups from youth (≤18 years; 3.5%) to older adults (60–80 years; 30.7%), but mainly on people within the age group of 20 to 29 years (74.6%). A total of 99.1% of the professionals coupled the BFR technique with resistance exercise. Their main goals were muscle hypertrophy and physical rehabilitation. The majority (60.9%) of interviewees reported using BFR in durations of less than 5 minutes and the pressure used was mainly determined through the values of brachial blood pressure and arterial occlusion. Moreover, 92% of professionals declared observing at least 1 SE resulting from the BFR technique. Most professionals observed tingling (71.2%) and delayed onset of muscle soreness (55.8%). Rhabdomyolysis, fainting, and subcutaneous hemorrhaging were reported less frequently (1.9%, 3.8%, and 4.8%, respectively).
Our findings indicate that the prescription of blood flow restriction technique results in minimal serious side effects when it is done in a proper clinical environment and follows the proposed recommendations found in relevant scientific literature.