bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicted distributions could suggest regional sympatry in spite of local allopatry: The case of the dung beetle Canthon rutilans Castelnau, 1840 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Authors: Hensen Maristela C. , Hernández Malva I. M. , Lobo Jorge M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStudying the environmental characteristics of the localities in which different taxa have been observed could help to estimate probable niche differences. Previous studies on local distribution and reproductive behavior of the two subspecies of Canthon rutilans support their allopatry. Here we estimated the geographical distribution of these taxa to examine the congruency between the environmental characteristics of the occurrence localities derived from geographical and local data, in order to facilitate the future study of the causal factors that are more likely to explain their segregation. To do so, a database including most of the available distributional information about these subspecies was compiled. The data derived from 23 environmental variables in the occurrence cells were used to estimate those variables with different mean values among the two subspecies, and also to generate distributional maps reflecting the probable distribution of the two subspecies. Ten variables have statistically significant different values among both subspecies. Canthon rutilans rutilans would be present in colder places, living in the high elevation localities of the Atlantic Forest or Pampas biomes, whereas C. rutilans cyanescens seems to be restricted to lowland forested areas. Probable distribution maps show geographical sympatry in almost half of the distribution range of C. r. rutilans. As former results suggest that they are in allopatry at a local scale, these results propose that fine‐grain environmental factors would be promoting the segregation of taxa, but also that coarse‐grain data should be used with caution when the aim is to estimate niche differences.
Genomic vulnerability of a dominant seaweed points to future‐proofing pathways for Australia's underwater forests
Authors: Wood Georgina , Marzinelli Ezequiel M. , Campbell Alexandra H. , Steinberg Peter D. , Vergés Adriana , Coleman Melinda A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGlobally, critical habitats are in decline, threatening ecological, economic and social values and prompting calls for ‘future proofing’ efforts that enhance resilience to climate change. Such efforts rely on predicting how neutral and adaptive genomic patterns across a species' distribution will change under future climate scenarios, but data is scant for most species of conservation concern. Here, we use seascape genomics to characterise genetic diversity, structure and gene‐environmental associations in a dominant forest‐forming seaweed, Phyllospora comosa, along its entire latitudinal (12° latitude), and thermal (~14°C) range. Phyllospora showed high connectivity throughout its central range, with evidence of genetic structure and potential selection associated with sea surface temperatures (SSTs) at its rear and leading edges. Rear and leading‐edge populations harboured only half the genetic diversity of central populations. By modelling genetic turnover as a function of SST, we assessed the genomic vulnerability across Phyllospora's distributional range under climate change scenarios. Despite low diversity, range‐edge populations were predicted to harbour beneficial adaptations to marginal conditions and overall adaptability of the species may be compromised by their loss. Assisted gene flow from range edge populations may be required to enhance adaptation and increase resilience of central and leading‐edge populations under warming oceans. Understanding genomic vulnerability can inform proactive restoration and future‐proofing strategies for underwater forests and ensure their persistence in changing oceans.
Understanding the structure, thermal, and optical properties in Al2O3‐incorporated La2O3‐TiO2‐Nb2O5 glasses
Authors: Yang Jun , Li Jianqiang , Lu Ping 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGlasses in the 30La2O3‐40TiO2‐30Nb2O5 system are known to have excellent optical properties such as refractive indices over 2.25 and wide transmittance within the visible to mid‐infrared (MIR) region. However, titanoniobate glasses also tend to crystallize easily, significantly limiting their applications in optical glasses due to processing challenges. Therefore, the 30La2O3‐40TiO2‐(30−x) Nb2O5‐xAl2O3 (LTNA) glass system was successfully synthesized using a aerodynamic containerless technique, which improves glass thermal stability and expands the glass‐forming region. The effects of Al2O3 on the structure, thermal, and optical properties of base composition glasses were investigated by XRD, DSC, NMR, Raman spectroscopy, and optical measurements. DSC results indicated that as the content of Al2O3 increased, the thermal stability of the glasses and glass‐forming ability increased, as the 30La2O3‐40TiO2‐25Nb2O5‐5Al2O3 (Nb‐Al‐5) glass obtained the highest ΔT value (103.5°C). Structural analysis indicates that the proportion of [AlO4] units increases gradually and participates in the glass network structure to increase connectivity, promoting more oxygen to become bridging oxygen and form [AlO4] tetrahedral linkages to [TiO5] and [NbO6] groups. The refractive index values of amorphous glasses remained above 2.1 upon Al2O3 substitution, and a transmittance exceeding 65% in the visible and mid‐infrared range. The crystallization activation energies of 30La2O3‐40TiO2‐30Nb2O5 (Nb‐Al‐0) and Nb‐Al‐5 glasses were calculated to be 611.7 and 561.4 kJ/mol, and the Avrami parameters are 5.28 and 4.96, respectively. These results are useful to design new optical glass with good thermal stability, high refractive index and low wavelength dispersion for optical applications such as lenses, endoscopes, mini size lasers, and optical couplers.
Efficacy of intentional permanent atrial pacing in the long‐term management of congenital long QT syndrome
Authors: Kowlgi Gurukripa N. , Giudicessi John R. , Barake Walid , Bos J. Martijn , Ackerman Michael J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundUnfortunately, some patients with long QT syndrome (LQTS) experience breakthrough cardiac events (BCEs) despite maximal therapy. Small studies have shown that refractory LQTS cases may benefit from intentional permanent atrial pacing (IPAP). As such, we sought to determine the genotype‐specific utilization and efficacy of IPAP in a single‐center LQTS registry.Methods and ResultsIn this retrospective study, electronic medical records from 1065 patients diagnosed with LQTS were used to identify individuals that received IPAP. Pre‐ and post‐IPAP heart rate, heart rate‐corrected QT (QTc) values, annual BCE rate, and IPAP‐related complications were compared between genotypes. BCEs were defined as LQTS‐associated syncope/seizures, sustained ventricular arrhythmia (VA)‐terminating ICD therapies, and sudden cardiac arrest/death.Overall, 52 out of 1065 LQTS patients received adjunctive IPAP therapy (77% female; median age 18.5 [interquartile range, 1–35.5] years; 73% with prior VA). Over an average IPAP follow‐up of 121 ± 82 months, the average heart rate increased from 65.8 ± 20.4 bpm to 78.9 ± 17.1 bpm; (p < .01) and the average QTc decreased from 533.4 ± 66.6 to 488.3 ± 52.4 ms; (p < .01). The mean BCE rate dropped from 0.88 to 0.19 per patient‐year (p = .01), driven by a marked decrease in the LQT2 cohort (1.01 BCE/year to 0.02 BCE/year; p = .003). No serious IPAP‐related complications were observed.ConclusionIn high‐risk LQTS patients, namely those with recalcitrant LQT2, IPAP appears to be a safe and efficacious adjunct therapy. The beneficial effects of IPAP may stem from attenuating the QTc and circumventing a pause‐dependent trigger. Whether IPAP might obviate the need for an ICD in some instances warrants further study.
Dental pulp–derived stem cells inhibit osteoclast differentiation by secreting osteoprotegerin and deactivating AKT signalling in myeloid cells
Authors: Kanji Suman , Sarkar Ripon , Pramanik Asmita , Kshirsagar Sudhir , Greene Carl J. , Das Hiranmoy 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOsteoclasts (OCs) differentiate from the monocyte/macrophage lineage, critically regulate bone resorption and remodelling in both homeostasis and pathology. Various immune and non‐immune cells help initiating activation of myeloid cells for differentiation, whereas hyper‐activation leads to pathogenesis, and mechanisms are yet to be completely understood. Herein, we show the efficacy of dental pulp–derived stem cells (DPSCs) in limiting RAW 264.7 cell differentiation and underlying molecular mechanism, which has the potential for future therapeutic application in bone‐related disorders. We found that DPSCs inhibit induced OC differentiation of RAW 264.7 cells when co‐cultured in a contact‐free system. DPSCs reduced expression of key OC markers, such as NFATc1, cathepsin K, TRAP, RANK and MMP‐9 assessed by quantitative RT‐PCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence detection methods. Furthermore, quantitative RT‐PCR analysis revealed that DPSCs mediated M2 polarization of RAW 264.7 cells. To define molecular mechanisms, we found that osteoprotegerin (OPG), an OC inhibitory factor, was up‐regulated in RAW 264.7 cells in the presence of DPSCs. Moreover, DPSCs also constitutively secrete OPG that contributed in limiting OC differentiation. Finally, the addition of recombinant OPG inhibited OC differentiation in a dose‐dependent manner by reducing the expression of OC differentiation markers, NFATc1, cathepsin K, TRAP, RANK and MMP9 in RAW 264.7 cells. RNAKL and M‐CSF phosphorylate AKT and activate PI3K‐AKT signalling pathway during osteoclast differentiation. We further confirmed that OPG‐mediated inhibition of the downstream activation of PI3K‐AKT signalling pathway was similar to the DPSC co‐culture–mediated inhibition of OC differentiation. This study provides novel evidence of DPSC‐mediated inhibition of osteoclastogenesis mechanisms.
Are older adults with excessive sodium intake at increased risk of hypohydration?
Authors: Gamba Marta , Moreira Pedro , Borges Nuno , Santos Alejandro , Afonso Cláudia , Amaral Teresa F. , Padrão Patrícia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundSodium intake is expected to affect water needs, although compensation mechanisms may not work efficiently particularly in older adults. The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to quantify the association between sodium excretion and hydration status in a representative sample of Portuguese older adults.MethodsA cluster sampling approach was used, representing Portuguese older adults (≥65 years) according to sex, education level and region. From a sample size of 1500 participants, 1318 were eligible for the present analysis. A 24‐h urine sample was collected, and volume, osmolality, creatinine and sodium were quantified. Free water reserve (FWR) was used to assess hydration status. Excessive sodium intake was defined as above 2000 mg day–1 as recommended by the World Health Organization. A multivariable binary logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between FWR and sodium excretion. Odds ratios (OR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated.ResultsExcessive sodium excretion was observed in 80.0% of women and 91.5% of men, whereas hypohydration affected 10.9% of women and 23.6% of men. After adjusting for confounders, excessive sodium excretion was associated with an increased risk of hypohydration among men (OR = 2.75; 95% CI = 1.06–7.15).ConclusionsThese results stress the positive association between excessive sodium intake and hypohydration in men and highlight the need for implementing strategies regarding the reduction of salt consumption and the promotion of water intake.
Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae as the new causal agent of cabbage leaf blight
Authors: Basavand Esmaeil , Khodaygan Pejman , Rahimian Heshmat , Babaeizad Valiollah , Mirhosseini Hossein Ali 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCabbage with excellent source of vitamins, antioxidants and minerals, is among the most popular vegetables worldwide. In 2016, during our surveys of cabbage diseases in the Mazandaran province, Iran, symptoms of blight and detaching of leaves, water soaking, browning and decline were observed on the mature plants of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata). Bacterial isolation from the infected plants was performed using conventional microbiological methods. The isolated strains were identified through amplification and sequencing of the partial gyrB and rpoD genes and also through standard biochemical, physiological, and pathogenicity tests. Analysis of the molecular data by bioinformatics software clustered representative isolates into Pseudomonas syringae sensu stricto. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to confirm the occurrence of bacterial leaf blight of cabbage caused by Pseudomonas syringae sensu stricto in Iran by a multiple approach.
Informing mothers of neonatal death and the need for family‐centered bereavement care: A phenomenological qualitative study
Authors: Abdel Razeq Nadin M. , Al‐Gamal Ekhlas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeTo understand the lived experience of mothers surrounding the time of being informed of neonatal deaths in intensive care units.DesignA phenomenological qualitative approach was employed.MethodsTwelve mothers (age 24–41 years) were identified from the neonatal mortality records of two large neonatal intensive care units with high neonate turnover rates in Amman, Jordan. Data were collected using semistructured interviews with the participants. Interpretive phenomenology was used to generate themes regarding the essence of the mother's experience.ResultsCritical analyses of mothers' accounts revealed three major themes: (a) Minimize the hurt, which described how mothers intuited overprotection by their families while the news was conveyed indirectly to them; (b) The striking reality of death, which captured mothers' distressing experiences while realizing the loss of their neonates; and (c) Farwell my baby, which accentuated mothers' needs and experiences while neonates' bodies were honored and prepared for burial per the cultural norms in Jordan.Practice ImplicationsOur findings highlighted the complex dynamics of familial interactions and cultural influences on mothers' bereavement experiences at the time of neonatal death. The grieving mothers expressed unfulfilled needs of receiving professional bereavement support at the time of neonatal death. Strategies are needed to optimize the supportive role of specialized nurses in providing family‐centered bereavement care to mothers and their families who experience neonatal death.
Conserved lysine residues in decorin binding proteins ofBorrelia gariniiare critical in adhesion to human brain microvascular endothelial cells
Authors: Pietikäinen Annukka , Åstrand Mia , Cuellar Julia , Glader Otto , Elovaara Heli , Rouhiainen Meri , Salo Jemiina , Furihata Tomomi , Salminen Tiina A. , Hytönen Jukka 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLyme borreliosis is a tick‐borne disease caused byBorrelia burgdorferisensu lato spirochetes (Lyme borreliae). When the disease affects the central nervous system, it is referred to as neuroborreliosis. In Europe, neuroborreliosis is most often caused byBorrelia garinii. Although it is known that in the host Lyme borreliae spread from the tick bite site to distant tissues via the blood vasculature, the adherence of Lyme borreliae to human brain microvascular endothelial cells has not been studied before. Decorin binding proteins are adhesins expressed on Lyme borreliae. They mediate the adhesion of Lyme borreliae to decorin and biglycan, and the lysine residues located in the binding site of decorin binding proteins are important to the binding activity. In this study, we show that lysine residues located in the canonical binding site can also be found in decorin binding proteins ofBorrelia garinii, and that these lysines contribute to biglycan and decorin binding. Most importantly, we show that the lysine residues are crucial for the binding of Lyme borreliae to decorin and biglycan expressing human brain microvascular endothelial cells, which in turn suggests that they are involved in the pathogenesis of neuroborreliosis.
The novel reconsidered: Emotions and anti‐realism in mid‐19th‐century Scandinavian literature
Authors: Bohlin Anna 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe aim of the present article is to investigate the novel as remediation of nationalist pedagogy: how was the pedagogical, nationalist project charged with emotions? How did elements from non‐realist genres make emotions ‘stick’? And what are, in return, the implications of the use of non‐realist elements for the nationalist project, more specifically for nationalist temporalities? The hybrid novel form allowed for incorporating different kinds of archives, constructing a national heritage, such as material from collections of oral tradition, records from witchcraft trials, medieval manuscripts and geographical accounts including cartography. The novel added emotions to the nationalist pedagogical project by means of elements from decidedly non‐realist genres such as melodrama, the Gothic novel and allegory. I argue, contrary to Benedict Anderson, that ‘Messianic time’ was in fact essential in the novel's contribution to nationalism; a temporality of prefiguration and fulfilment made emotions stick.
Recurrent pneumococcal meningitis due to occult middle fossa encephalocele
Authors: Yokose Ozawa Misato , Koide Reiji , Ozawa Tadashi , Mashiko Takafumi , Kawai Kensuke , Fujimoto Shigeru 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecurrent bacterial meningitis is not a frequent clinical condition. We describe here the case of a woman with recurrent pneumococcal meningitis caused by the leakage of CSF due to an occult middle fossa encephalocele related to chronic otitis media. To detect an extremely small encephalocele, detailed evaluation by bone CT and RI cisternography are very useful. In the treatment of recurrent bacterial meningitis, clinicians should examine for the presence of a small encephalocele early and perform an appropriate surgical therapy, because the condition could be fatal.
Routine assessment of gastrointestinal symptom using a validated questionnaire in the clinical setting to assess the probability of organic or functional gastrointestinal diseases
Authors: Jones Michael P. , Shah Ayesha , Ben‐Jacob Ronen , Talley Nicholas J. , Hansen Teressa , Walker Marjorie M. , Gray Marcus , Koloski Natasha A. , Holtmann Gerald 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms can be challenging in terms of determining etiology and management strategies. Identifying likely organic pathology is important since it can be treated and may result in further, long‐term harm to the patient if not treated. Currently, organic pathology is often identified via invasive procedures such as endoscopy or referral to a medical imaging service. We report on an approach that offers a first step at identifying patients with an organic gastrointestinal disease based on the SAGIS, a validated symptom questionnaire.Methods8,922 patients referred to a tertiary care hospital were classified as having either functional gastrointestinal disease or an organic gastrointestinal disease. A model was developed to distinguish organic from functional symptoms on one random split half of the sample and validated on the other half. The incremental benefit of including psychological conditions and extra‐gastrointestinal conditions was also evaluated.Key resultsFunctional gastrointestinal patients scored higher on average than organic patients on all dimensions of the SAGIS and reported higher rates of psychological and extra‐gastrointestinal conditions. All five dimensions of the SAGIS provided statistically independent discrimination of organic from functional diagnoses with good overall discrimination (AUC = 0.75). However, there was no noticeable incremental benefit of adding either psychological or extra‐gastrointestinal conditions. Model performance was highly reproducible.Conclusions and inferencesThe proposed algorithm for identifying likely organic gastrointestinal disease applied to symptoms as recorded in the SAGIS questionnaire provides a useful tool for the clinician in deciding what or if further diagnostic testing is required.
A qualitative study exploring adolescents’ experience of brief behavioural activation for depression and its impact on the symptom of anhedonia
Authors: Watson Rebecca , Harvey Kate , Pass Laura , McCabe Ciara , Reynolds Shirley 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesAnhedonia, the loss of interest and pleasure, is a core symptom of depression and is associated with deficits in reward processing. Behavioural Activation for depression may address this symptom due to its focus on identifying and increasing intrinsically rewarding activities.DesignThis was a qualitative study employing reflexive thematic analysis (TA).MethodsParticipants were eight treatment‐seeking adolescents with a recent primary diagnosis of depression who had received eight sessions of Brief Behavioural Activation. Qualitative semi‐structured interviews were conducted after treatment was completed.ResultsThree main themes emerged: (1) connecting, reviewing, and taking action: ‘focus on getting better rather than what you’re feeling’; (2) struggles, restrictors, and motivators: ‘it seemed really unachievable’; and (3) feeling, acting, or seeing things differently: ‘looking forwards in a more healthy way’.ConclusionsBoth specific Brief Behavioural Activation strategies (e.g., connecting with values) and more generic therapeutic strategies (e.g., self‐monitoring) may be helpful in treating the symptom of anhedonia in adolescent depression. Motivational aspects of anhedonia, as well as anxiety, fatigue, and academic pressures act as potential barriers to recovery. This highlights the need for psychological treatments for adolescent depression to include explicit and targeted strategies to enhance motivation.Practitioner points

Young people reported that specific Brief Behavioural Activation strategies (e.g., connecting with values) and more generic therapeutic techniques (e.g., self‐monitoring) had a role in treating anhedonia.

Barriers to engaging in Brief BA included: motivational anhedonia, fatigue, and academic demands.
Human Rationality: Descartes and Aristotle
Authors: Christofidou Andrea 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCurrent debates on human rationality are divided between what Matthew Boyle calls the additive and transformative approaches. My concern is not with the current debate, but with Boyle’s alignment of Descartes and Aristotle with the modern approaches, directing his criticisms against the former, and his defence in support of the latter. What motivates my enquiry is whether Boyle’s use of the two philosophers’ theses stands up to scrutiny and consequently whether his alignments are cogent. I focus primarily on Descartes’ position, examining Boyle’s criticisms. Towards the end, I turn to Aristotle’s position and raise two central questions omitted by Boyle.