bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of several immune and inflammatory indicators and their association with alopecia areata
Authors: Gao Yamei , Huo Shaohu , Sun Minghui , Zhang Chenchen , Wang Jing , Gao Jing , Wang Na , Lv Yongmei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disorder and chronic recurrent inflammatory disease that results in non‐scarring hair loss.ObjectivesOur aim is to investigate several parameters related to autoimmunity and inflammation in AA patients and to evaluate their association with this disease.MethodsThis study included a total of 672 eligible AA patients and 580 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy individuals who were treated at a third‐class hospital in Hefei from January 2016 to May 2020. Data for serum C‐reactive protein (CRP), 25‐hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D), T3, T4, thyroid‑stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid antibodies (TPOAbs and TGAbs), antinuclear antibodies (ANA), complements (C3, C4), and several immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, and IgG) were collected in this study.ResultsRegarding autoimmune‐related functional indicators, there were no statistically significant differences between TSH, TGAbs, C3, C4, IgA, IgM, and IgG levels between AA patients and healthy controls. Only T3, T4, TPOAbs, and ANA values were significantly abnormal in the AA group compared with the healthy individuals (p < 0.05). In addition, the mean serum 25(OH)D concentration was significantly lower in the patient group than that in control group (p < 0.05), and serum CRP was significantly increased (p < 0.05).ConclusionAlthough the etiopathogenesis of AA is not clear, the importance of monitoring the levels of T3, T4, TPOAbs, ANA, and 25 (OH)D in AA cases is indispensable.
Trust in financial institutions: A survey
Authors: van der Cruijsen Carin , de Haan Jakob , Roerink Ria 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTrust in financial institutions is widely considered important. However, a clear overview of studies on the drivers of trust is missing. We intend to fill this gap in the literature. After discussing why trust in financial institutions is important, we turn to its measurement, where we distinguish between trust in one's own institution and trust in institutions in general (narrow‐scope and broad‐scope trust), and discuss how these measures differ from generalized trust (i.e. trust in other people with whom there is no direct relationship). Finally, we survey the determinants of trust in financial institutions and discuss a wide range of drivers. First, trust in financial institutions depends on the economic situation: it behaves procyclically and is negatively affected by financial crises. Second, the behavior of financial institutions matters: prudent conduct, the provision of good services and financial health have a positive effect on trust. Third, although consumer characteristics also relate to trust, many of these relationships are context‐dependent. Fourth, there is a positive association between narrow‐scope trust on the one hand and broad‐scope trust and generalized trust on the other. Last, policy measures and supervisory actions can help prevent loss of trust.
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy at 19 weeks and 0 days of gestation after prolonged hyperemesis gravidarum
Authors: Komura Airi , Komatsu Yushiro , Yamamoto Takao , Tsuchimochi Saki , Kurishita Gaku , Yoshida Mitsuyo , Ishino Tomomi , Sodemoto Takeo , Kagawa Hideyuki 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAcute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) is a rare disorder that typically develops in the third trimester. We successfully diagnosed and treated a case of AFLP that developed at 18 weeks' gestation. A 34‐year‐old woman—gravida 4, para 3—presented with continuous vomiting and abdominal pain and developed convulsive seizures and lost consciousness after transfusion therapy. Cerebral apoplexy was excluded by computed tomography of the brain. Blood tests revealed severe metabolic acidosis, coagulopathy, and leukocytosis, followed by severe hypoglycemia and elevated levels of transaminases and ammonia. The fetus was delivered dead. Whole‐body computed tomography showed fatty liver. The patient was diagnosed with AFLP based on the Swansea criteria. AFLP may be a differential diagnosis in the second trimester, and rapid termination should be considered as radical treatment. Starvation may be a risk factor for this disorder.
Middle Managers' Struggle Over Their Subject Position in Open Strategy Processes
Authors: Splitter Violetta , Jarzabkowski Paula , Seidl David 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this paper we examine middle managers’ struggle over their subject position as strategists in the context of participative strategy processes. Based on a longitudinal case study of a company undertaking an Open Strategy process, we show how the wider inclusion of front‐line employees in developing new strategy undermines the traditional subject position of middle managers. Based on these findings, we develop a process model depicting the recursive dynamics of middle managers’ struggles to maintain their subject positions in the face of employee participation. With these findings we contribute to the literature on middle managers by advancing our understanding of the implications of employee participation for middle managers’ subject position as strategists and their different ways of reclaiming their subject position. We also contribute to the literature on Open Strategy by revealing the implications for traditional strategy actors as well as by explaining the processual dynamics of participation over time.
Association of job strain with accelerometer‐based sleep duration and timing of sleep among older employees
Authors: Myllyntausta Saana , Kronholm Erkki , Pulakka Anna , Pentti Jaana , Vahtera Jussi , Virtanen Marianna , Stenholm Sari 
Published: September 2021

SummaryJob strain has been associated with poor sleep quality and could lead to changes in duration and timing of sleep as well. This study examined the association of job strain with sleep duration, bedtimes and awakening times among public sector employees close to their retirement age. Differences in these sleep parameters between workdays and free days across job strain groups were examined. Duration and timing of sleep were measured repeatedly with accelerometers among 466 public sector employees in Finland (mean age 63 years, 86% women), who contributed to 759 measurements in total. Job demands (low/high) and control (low/high) measured by self‐reports and job exposure matrix were used to identify low strain (low demand, high control), passive (low, low), active (high, high) and high strain (high, low) jobs. No differences in sleep duration were observed on workdays, whereas on free days those in the high strain group had longer sleep duration than those in the low strain and passive job groups. The high strain group also extended their sleep from workdays to free days more, the extension being on average 59 min (95% CI 42 min–75 min) when adjusted for several sociodemographic, work and health factors. This extension of sleep duration resulted mostly from a greater delay of awakening times from workdays to free days. Psychosocial work factors, such as job strain, need to be considered when promoting sufficient sleep duration among older employees, as those with job strain may have a greater need for recovery and sleep.
Rethinking Supreme Court power in the study of judicial impact
Authors: Strother Logan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe extent to which courts meaningfully affect policy change has been the subject of heated debate among socio‐legal and other public law scholars. I argue here that one key source of tension in the literature has been the lack of any clear theory of judicial power, especially in compliance and other impact studies. Indeed, many studies have conflated “impact” and power—a move that serves to confuse rather than clarify the topic. In this paper, I outline a theory of judicial power for the study of judicial impact. I then demonstrate the utility of this theory using two historical case studies. Ultimately, I argue that this theory allows for clearer and better‐grounded inferences about the roles played by courts in policy and politics.
Internal carotid artery dissection due to Eagle syndrome: Case report and review of literatures
Authors: Abe Katsuya , Iida Yu , Mori Kentaro , Takeda Mutsuki , Yamashita Ryotaro , Kawahara Yosuke , Fukui Issei , Nakano Tatsu , Nomura Motohiro 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEagle syndrome is a rare condition induced by an elongated styloid process. A 51‐year‐old man became aware of weakness and numbness of the right upper extremity. Magnetic resonance images and angiography revealed fresh multiple infarctions in the left cerebrum, and stenosis and dilatation of the left internal carotid artery. Angiography, cone‐beam computed tomography, and contrast‐enhanced computed tomography demonstrated dissection of the left internal carotid artery and an elongated styloid process close to the internal carotid artery. These findings indicated that cerebral infarction due to internal carotid artery dissection resulted from mechanical compression by an elongated styloid process. The patient was treated by carotid artery stenting on the 7th day. His symptoms induced by cerebral infarction gradually improved. Follow‐up MRI on the 29th day showed patency of the left internal carotid artery. Although the incidence of internal carotid artery dissection due to Eagle syndrome is low, the possibility of this rare condition should be taken into consideration as an etiology of cerebral infarction.
Signs of difference
Authors: Balme Christopher 
Published: September 2021

AbstractShylock and Othello are the characters in the Shakespearean oeuvre with the clearest racial markers. However one interprets the ethnic characteristics of ‘the Moor’—as a light‐skinned Arab or as a darker ‘African’—he seems to be a character marked by clear racial distinctions vis‐à‐vis the other figures. Shylock also has an iconographic history of racial marking. In this paper I shall examine how both figures can be read as tokens of ethnic or racial anxiety. Shakespeare’s African play is one of the works seldom performed in the contemporary German repertoire system. The Merchant of Venice is more frequently performed but poses different problems in terms of visual representation. It will be argued that German director’s theatre, with its love of experimentation and above all bold metaphoric images, is uncomfortable with the metonymic representation implied by ethnic casting. The discussion draws on Othello and The Merchant of Venice in productions by Fritz Kortner, Peter Zadek, George Tabori and Luk Perceval. Whereas Kortner, Zadek and Tabori stage the alterity figures in a mode of hypertrophic blackness or Jewish stereotyping bordering on (or indeed transgressing) overt racism, Perceval’s Othello is white and the alterity conflict seems to be one of age and gender not race.
Hepatic macrosteatosis in the US pediatric deceased liver donor population
Authors: Purvis Joshua W. , Orandi Babak J. , Dhall Deepti , McLeod Chandler , Gutierrez Sanchez Luz Helena , Gray Meagan , Frey Kayla , Sheikh Saulat S. , Cannon Robert M. , Terrault Norah A. , Lewis Cora E. , Locke Jayme E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe pediatric obesity epidemic is associated with early development of hepatic macrosteatosis, a hallmark of non‐alcoholic fatty LI disease, which is thought to be more rapidly progressive in children than adults. Macrosteatosis in adult allografts is associated with allograft loss, but this has not been examined in pediatric donors.MethodsWe studied all pediatric potential whole LI donors (2005–2018) who had a LI biopsy in the SRTR (n = 862) and whose LI was transplanted (n = 862). Macrosteatosis was abstracted from biopsy reports and compared to values in the SRTR standard analytic file. Recipients of macrosteatotic pediatric allografts were matched 1:1 to recipients of non‐macrosteatotic pediatric allografts by propensity score matching on donor/recipient variables. All‐cause allograft loss was estimated via Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsFrom 2005 to 2018, the proportion of pediatric donors (age ≥2 years) with obesity increased (14.8% to 21.7%; p < .001), as did the proportion of pediatric deceased whole LI‐only donor allografts with macrosteatosis (n = 10 648; 1.8% to 3.9%; p < .001). The median degree of macrosteatosis among macrosteatotic donors was 10% (IQR 5–30). There were no significant differences in all‐cause allograft loss between recipients of pediatric LI allografts with and without macrosteatosis at 90 days (p = .11) or 1 year (p = .14) post‐transplant in Kaplan–Meier analysis or a Cox proportional hazards model (p > .05).ConclusionObese pediatric LI donors have increased over time and were more likely to have hepatic macrosteatosis; however, pediatric macrosteatosis did not appear to adversely affect recipient outcomes.
Keeping it human: Pandemic era psychiatry teaching
Authors: Morris Simon George , Greenstone Harriet , Chute Rachel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundMental health is an important global issue, and doctors in training need a grounding in the principles of psychiatry. Undergraduate clinical placements in psychiatry can develop core knowledge and skills as well as challenging stigma towards mental illness. The onset of the coronavirus pandemic saw disruption to undergraduate clinical placements. In a U.K. medical school, th e authors were tasked with transforming a 6‐week clinical placement in psychiatry into a primarily online course.ApproachA 4‐week online course was developed in preparation for a condensed clinical placement. A range of resources were drawn upon to address key learning objectives and to engage students in broader thinking about mental health. These included videos and blogs describing personal experiences of mental illness, as well as interviews with prominent psychiatrists. Peer‐ and tutor‐led sessions complemented these self‐directed elements and reduced social isolation.EvaluationSixty‐seven students undertook the course, supported by eight consultant tutors. The content and structure of the course were highly rated; however, students indicated that peer group activities could benefit from further development. Students felt prepared for clinical placements and performed equally well in summative written examinations. Feedback indicated the development of positive attitudes towards mental health and illness.ImplicationsThis course demonstrates how, even when clinical contact is challenged, a strong focus can be maintained on social elements of learning and patients' experiences of mental illness. This approach provides opportunities to develop essential knowledge and skills alongside broader attitudinal learning that may have a de‐stigmatising effect.
Real‐time analysis of intraoperative delays and variations in intraoperative workflow with level of experience of the primary surgeon in small animal surgery
Authors: Estrin Alexander , Rodriguez‐Diaz Jenniffer M. , Hayes Galina M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the causes of intraoperative delays and the changes in delays and surgical workflow with the level of training of the primary surgeon.Study designProspective observational study.Sample populationSeventy‐three small animal surgical procedures performed at an academic teaching institution between January 17, 2018 and April 10, 2018.MethodsProcedures (trainee = 37, faculty = 36) totaling 103.2 h were observed and video recorded. Operative time was allocated to the surgical approach, exploration, exposure, intervention, and closure phases. Suballocations were made to specific tasks within these categories (such as cutting or hemostasis). Intraoperative delays and reasons were recorded. Differences in use of time between trainee and faculty surgeons were analyzed.ResultsDelays constituted 9.2% (±4.4) of the operative time, of which 6.5%(±3.6) were surgeon controlled and 2.6% (±2.7) were non‐surgeon controlled. Surgeons preparing instrumentation outside of the operative field and retrieval of equipment from supply areas were the greatest contributors to delays. Intraoperative delays did not increase when the trainee was placed in the primary surgeon role (P = .78). During the approach faculty surgeons spent proportionally less time on hemostasis (P = .02), and during closure they spent less time suturing (P = .03) than trainees.ConclusionTrainee surgeons did not have greater intraoperative delays. Delays were created when surgeons prepared their own instrumentation. Workflow differed between experts and trainees.Clinical significanceAdvancing a trainee surgeon into the primary role is unlikely to increase intraoperative delays, which can be reduced by the inclusion of trained scrub technicians. A focus on efficient hemostasis and fluidity when suturing may improve operative efficiency for surgical trainees.
Computational Modeling of Aortic Stenosis With a Reduced Degree-of-Freedom Fluid-Structure Interaction Valve Model
Authors: Zhu Chi , Seo Jung-Hee , Mittal Rajat 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this study, a novel reduced degree-of-freedom (rDOF) aortic valve model is employed to investigate the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) and hemodynamics associated with aortic stenosis. The dynamics of the valve leaflets are determined by an ordinary differential equation with two parameters and this rDOF model is shown to reproduce key features of more complex valve models. The hemodynamics associated with aortic stenosis is studied for three cases: a healthy case and two stenosed cases. The focus of the study is to correlate the hemodynamic features with the source generation mechanism of systolic murmurs associated with aortic stenosis. In the healthy case, extremely weak flow fluctuations are observed. However, in the stenosed cases, simulations show significant turbulent fluctuations in the ascending aorta, which are responsible for the generation of strong wall pressure fluctuations after the aortic root mostly during the deceleration phase of the systole. The intensity of the murmur generation increases with the severity of the stenosis, and the source locations for the two diseased cases studied here lie around 1.0 inlet duct diameters (Do) downstream of the ascending aorta.
ESFR-SMART Core Safety Measures and Their Preliminary Assessment
Authors: Rineiski Andrei , Mériot Clément , Marchetti Marco , Krepel Jiri , Coquelet-Pascal Christine , Tsige-Tamirat Haileyesus , Álvarez-Velarde Francisco , Girardi Enrico , Mikityuk Konstantin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A large 3600 MW-thermal European sodium fast reactor (ESFR) concept has been studied in a European Horizon-2020 project since September 2017, following an earlier European project. In the paper, we describe new ESFR core safety measures focused on prevention and mitigation of severe accidents. In particular, we propose a new core configuration for reducing the sodium void effect, introduce passive shutdown systems, and implement special paths in the core for facilitation of molten fuel discharge in order to avoid recriticalities after a hypothetical severe accident. We describe and assess the control and shutdown system, and consider options for burning minor actinides.
Differences in Petrophysical and Mechanical Properties Between Low- and Middle-Rank Coal Subjected to Liquid Nitrogen Cooling in Coalbed Methane Mining
Authors: Du Menglin , Gao Feng , Cai Chengzheng , Su Shanjie , Wang Zekai 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Exploring the damage differences between different coal rank coal reservoirs subjected to liquid nitrogen cooling is of great significance to the rational development and efficient utilization of coalbed methane (CBM). For this purpose, the mechanical properties, acoustic emission (AE) characteristics, and energy evolution law of lignite and bituminous coal subjected to cooling treatment were investigated based on Brazilian splitting tests. Then, pore structure changes were analyzed to reveal the differences in microscopic damage between lignite and bituminous coal after a cooling treatment. The results showed that compared with bituminous coal, the pore structure of lignite coal changed more obviously, which manifested as follows: significant increases in porosity, pore diameters, and pore area and a larger transformation from micropores and transition pores to mesopores and macropores. After the cooling treatment, the thermal damage inside lignite and bituminous coal was 0.412 and 0.069, respectively. Thermal damage reduced the cohesive force between mineral particles, leading to the deterioration of the macroscopic physical and mechanical properties. Simultaneously, denser acoustic emission ringing counts and larger accumulated ringing counts were observed after cooling. Moreover, the random distribution of thermal damage enhanced the randomness of the macrocrack propagation direction, resulting in an increase in the crack path tortuosity. With more initial defects inside coal, a more obvious thermal damage degree and wider damage distribution will be induced by cooling treatment, leading to more complicated crack formation paths and a higher fragmentation degree, such as that of lignite coal.
Design and Optimization of Integrated Distributed Energy Systems for Off-Grid Buildings
Authors: Zhang Jian , Cho Heejin , Mago Pedro J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Off-grid concepts for homes and buildings have been a fast-growing trend worldwide in the last few years because of the rapidly dropping cost of renewable energy systems and their self-sufficient nature. Off-grid homes/buildings can be enabled with various energy generation and storage technologies; however, design optimization and integration issues have not been explored sufficiently. This paper applies a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) optimization to obtain an optimal design of integrated distributed energy systems for off-grid homes in various climate regions. Distributed energy systems consisting of renewable and nonrenewable power generation technologies with energy storage are used to enable off-grid homes/buildings and meet required building electricity demands. In this study, the building types under investigation are residential homes. Multiple distributed energy resources are considered such as combined heat and power (CHP) systems, solar photovoltaic (PV), solar thermal collector (STC), wind turbine (WT), as well as battery energy storage (BES) and thermal energy storage (TES). Among those technologies, CHP, PV, and WT are used to generate electricity, which satisfies the building’s electric load, including electricity consumed for space heating and cooling. Solar thermal energy and waste heat recovered from CHP are used to partly supply the building’s thermal load. Excess electricity and thermal energy can be stored in the BES and TES for later use. The MOGA is applied to determine the best combination of distributed energy resources (DERs) and each component’s size to reduce the system cost and carbon dioxide emission for different locations. Results show that the proposed optimization method can be effectively and widely applied to design integrated distributed energy systems for off-grid homes resulting in an optimal design and operation based on a trade-off between economic and environmental performance.