bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of elevation on bioregionalisation: A case study of the Sino‐Himalayan flora
Authors: Liu Yun , Ye Jian‐Fei , Hu Hai‐Hua , Peng Dan‐Xiao , Zhao Li‐Na , Lu Li‐Min , Zaman Wajid , Chen Zhi‐Duan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimElevation is an important factor that influences bioregionalisation in mountainous areas, but its effects are not well known. Taking the Sino‐Himalayan flora as a case, we aimed to test the effect of elevation on bioregionalisation and provide a regionalisation scheme of the Sino‐Himalayan flora.LocationThe Sino‐Himalaya (East Himalaya, the Hengduan Mountains and the Yunnan Plateau in China).TaxonAngiosperms.MethodsWe compiled distribution data and elevation ranges of angiosperms in the Sino‐Himalaya and adjacent areas and reconstructed a species‐level phylogenetic tree of 19,313 angiosperm species. The area was divided into 398 grid cells, each 1 × 1°. Nine datasets of different elevation ranges were then used to delineate the flora of the Sino‐Himalaya and adjacent areas using the phylogenetic dissimilarity approach.ResultsA comparison of nine regionalisation schemes of the Sino‐Himalayan flora based on different elevation range datasets revealed that more than half of grid cells were allocated to more than one subregion. Most of these grid cells were located in areas with a wide range of elevation and/or at the boundaries between subregions. After revising the subregion allocations of eight shifting grid cells, we generated a phylogeny‐ and elevation‐based regionalisation scheme of three regions, comprising eight subregions, for the Sino‐Himalayan flora.Main conclusionsBy integrating phylogenetic and elevational information, the Sino‐Himalaya can be divided into three floristic regions: the Yunnan Plateau region, the Hengduan Mountains region and the East Himalaya region. Our study provides novel insights into the regionalisation of the flora and highlights the importance of incorporating elevation data in the bioregionalisation of areas with a broad elevational range.
Determining the vehicle instability risk in stream crossings
Authors: Bocanegra Ricardo A. , Francés Félix 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFloods negatively affect roads, vehicles and transport systems in general. The impact on these systems leads to a cascasing effect with significant repercussions. Due to this, the evaluation of the instability risk to which the vehicles are subjected in stream crossing is necessary for the integral management of floods. A methodology was herein developed that allows instability risks due to floods to be estimated for vehicles driving through stream crossings, which may correspond to fords, vented fords or bridges. Risk was calculated by combining hazard and vulnerability. To determine hazard, a stability function of partially submerged vehicles, the geometric characteristics of vehicles, the hydrodynamic characteristics of floods (water depths and velocities) and the probability of them occurring were employed. Vulnerability was determined by combining exposure and susceptibility, which are respectively established with the exposure and damage function. To determine exposure, a limit water depth to interrupt the traffic of vehicles through the flooded area was considered. The developed methodology was applied to the Godelleta municipality (Spain), and found that roughly one quarter of the stream crossings in this study area presented a relatively high vehicle instability risk due to floods because it exceeded 0.2 vehicles/year.
Fiscal Policy And the Nominal Term Premium
Authors: HORVATH ROMAN , KASZAB LORANT , MARSAL ALES 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe estimate a New Keynesian model on postwar U.S. data with the generalized method of moments using either constant or time‐varying debt and distortionary labor income taxes. We show that accounting for government debt and distortionary taxes help the New Keynesian model match the level of the nominal term premium with a lower relative risk‐aversion than typically found in the literature.
Digit melanomas are associated with poor prognostic factors and unfavorable survivals
Authors: Tas Faruk , Erturk Kayhan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe anatomic location of primary melanoma is significantly associated with outcome.ObjectiveTo evaluate the prognostic factors and survival outcomes associated with melanomas on hand and foot digits.MethodsThe data of 106 patients with digit melanomas were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsMedian age of patients was 55 years, and male‐to‐female ratio was one. Majority of the patients had skin melanomas (74.5%); and 25.5% of them had ungual melanomas. The lesions slightly more frequently affected toes (53.8%) and thumbs (55.9%); and 57.4% of the lesions were right‐sided. Acral lentiginous melanoma was the major histological subtype (67.5%). Digit melanomas were associated with aggressive histological features, such as high Clark level (75%), thick Breslow depth (72.3%), presence of ulceration (74.3%), and high mitotic rate (58.3%). At admission, the rates of stage I‐II, stage III, and stage IV diseases were 57.6%, 33%, and 9.4%, respectively. The recurrence and mortality rates were 41.7% and 46.2%, respectively. The 5‐year RFS and OS rates were similar: 47%. Melanoma origins (skin vs. ungual), locations (finger vs. toe; first digit vs. others; and right vs. left), and histological subtypes (acral lentiginous melanoma vs. others) had no impact on survivals. The known poor prognostic histological factors, such as Clark level, Breslow thickness, mitotic rate, ulceration, and neurotropism, were found to be associated with both RFS and OS.ConclusionDigit melanomas are associated with poor clinicopathological prognostic features, and they might predict unfavorable survivals.
A report on the 73th Annual Congress of the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology International Workshop for Junior Fellows: Risk‐reducing surgery for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer
Authors: Hirayama Takashi , Inayama Yoshihide , Odajima Suguru , Yamanaka Akina , Sekine Masayuki , Terao Yasuhisa , Koide Keiko , Kuwabara Yoshimitsu , Yahata Hideaki , Yanaihara Nozomu , Nagase Satoru , Kobayashi Yoichi , Sekizawa Akihiko 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAt the 73rd Annual Congress of the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, young doctors from Japan and South Korea made presentations on the present condition of risk‐reducing surgery for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (RRSO) in their respective country. RRSO was insured in Japan in April 2020, whereas in South Korea, it was insured 7 years earlier in 2013. In Japan, certification criteria have been set for facilities that perform RRSO, and the number of facilities is increasing, but regional disparities still exist in its distribution. The number of gBRCA1/2 testing facilities is larger, and the cost is more affordable in South Korea than in Japan. Additionally, South Korea provides genetic counseling to a wider range of relatives compared to Japan. In the future, as the indications for the gBRCA1/2 test have expanded as a companion diagnostic for the use of PARP inhibitors, it is expected that the number of candidates for the gBRCA1/2 mutation test and RRSO will increase in Japan. It is important to increase the number of BRCA tests while maintaining the quality of genetic counseling in order to provide adequate information on BRCA mutations and RRSO for patients to support their decision. For the development of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) medical care, it is necessary to publish a nationwide database in Japan and continue to analyze and discuss the data based on the results.
Fine‐scale tree spatial patterns are shaped by dispersal limitation which correlates with functional traits in a natural temperate forest
Authors: Beyns Roxane , Bauman David , Drouet Thomas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractQuestionsStudying the spatial distribution of tree species is fundamental to understanding the ecological processes governing forest dynamics. Habitat filtering and dispersal limitation are two key processes in the emergence of intraspecific aggregation in natural forest communities. The contributions of these ecological processes vary among species, communities, ontogenetic stages (i.e. juveniles and adults) and spatial scales. In this study, we investigated the ecological processes underlying species spatial distributions in two ontogenetic stages and determined how these processes are linked to species functional traits.LocationA naturally established 2.4‐ha temperate forest located on a limestone hill in SW Belgium.MethodsTrees ≥1.3 m were exhaustively censused and mapped, and environmental variables and functional traits were collected. We applied spatial point pattern modelling to explore the processes underlying species distributions. First, point process models simulating complete spatial randomness, habitat filtering and non‐habitat clustering processes were fitted to observed species point patterns. The analyses were conducted for juveniles and adults both separately and together. The most parsimonious model for each species/ontogenetic stage was selected based on three summary statistics. Secondly, we investigated the links between functional traits and the parameters of the spatial models.Results(a) Dispersal limitation plays a central role in the formation of intraspecific aggregation in this forest, alone or in combination with habitat filtering. (b) Distributions of juveniles are less influenced by habitat filtering than distributions of adults. (c) Dispersal differ substantially among species and interspecific differences in clustering characteristics are explained by seed mass, wood density and maximum height.ConclusionsDispersal limitation can be of major importance in shaping temperate forests. Coupling spatial point pattern modelling and functional traits is an efficient way to understand mechanisms of species assemblages at fine spatial scales in temperate forests.
Development of a scale measuring online sexual harassment: Examining gender differences and the emotional impact of sexual harassment victimization online
Authors: Buchanan Niall , Mahoney Adam 
Published: August 2021

PurposeThis study aimed to outline the construct of online sexual harassment (OSH) to ensure its accurate measurement and to develop a tool to measure OSH victimization in adults. Secondary aims were to explore potential gender differences in victimization and the emotional impact of OSH.MethodsA systematic process was used to develop The Online Sexual Harassment Scale (OSHS) to measure OSH victimization. This included a systematic review of current literature, content analysis of online posts from the Everyday Sexism Website, exploratory factor analysis of a pilot scale, then a subsequent confirmatory factor analysis to confirm scale items, structure and ensure scale reliability. Finally, an online survey using the OSHS explored the emotional impact of OSH.ResultsTwo types of OSH, gender harassment and unwanted sexual attention were identified. The OSHS reliably measured both types of harassment, ω = .95. The most frequent type of OSH found for male and female participants was unwanted sexual attention. Univariate analysis found that females (M = 0.83) experienced significantly higher levels of OSH than males (M = 0.56). Further analysis found that the emotional impact of OSH was significantly more upsetting for females for both types of OSH.ConclusionsThis study contributes a valid a reliable way to measure OSH in adult victims. The development of the OSHS would benefit from further testing using a larger and more diverse sample, which should include non‐student populations.
Raman study of shock effects in lunar anorthite from the Apollo missions
Authors: Xie Tianqi , Osinski Gordon R. , Shieh Sean R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEarth’s moon is a primary exploration target for space agencies around the world. The Moon records and preserves key information about fundamental processes that shape planetary crusts such as impact cratering. Understanding shock effects in lunar anorthite (Ca‐rich endmember of plagioclase feldspar), the principal component of anorthosite and the most common crustal mineral on the Moon, is key to the early evolution of the Moon and terrestrial planets in the solar system. However, there has not been a systematic study of shock effects in lunar anorthite using modern analytical techniques that could be used in future lunar surface exploration, such as Raman spectroscopy. This study examined 23 polished thin sections from all six Apollo missions using optical and Raman spectroscopy. We documented a variety of shock features recording low to moderate shock levels, including fractures, deformed twins, undulatory extinction, planar features, and partially isotropic plagioclase. A notable nonobservation was the absence of planar deformation features (PDFs) or completely isotropic (i.e., diaplectic glass) in this suite of samples. Raman spectroscopy results of the observed shock features show similar progressive changes in terrestrial samples: As shock level increases, band broadening, reduction of intensities, and peak loss were observed. Our Raman data are efficient in identifying shock levels and distinguishing planar features from PDFs and deformed twins, and differentiating amorphous areas from crystalline plagioclase, suggesting Raman spectroscopy as a useful tool for purposely selecting moderately to strongly shocked samples to return in future lunar missions. Our study can also help the interpretation of Raman data of impact materials from the past and future exploration missions and demonstrate the utility of Raman spectroscopy for documenting and selecting samples for future lunar missions.
Can global aquaculture growth help to conserve wild fish stocks? Theory and empirical analysis
Authors: Bogmans Christian W. J. , van Soest Daan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCan fed aquaculture growth alleviate overfishing and foster the conservation of wild fish stocks? To examine this question we present a stylized fishery model of trade in edible fish and fishmeal that incorporates both market linkages and biological (predator–prey) linkages between the aquaculture sector and capture fisheries. We study the effects of local aquaculture growth, as induced by an increase in aquaculture feed‐efficiency (technology shock), and of external or global aquaculture growth as experienced by either a drop in the price of edible fish or as an increase in the price of fishmeal (price shocks). While domestic (or “local”) aquaculture growth increases wild fish stocks due to positive market interactions, the effects of external (or “global”) aquaculture growth are generally ambiguous and depend on the strength of biological linkages. A stylized empirical application of the cod (predator) and capelin (prey) fisheries in the Barents Sea illustrates that the biological linkages between cod and capelin reduce the positive impact of aquaculture on cod conservation roughly by 50%.Recommendations for Resource Managers:

Fishery managers should differentiate between the effects of local, technology‐driven aquaculture growth and the effects of global, price‐driven aquaculture growth. The latter may have negative impacts on local fish stocks and the economy.
Real fishmeal prices increased substantially since the year 2000. For multispecies fisheries that are not properly managed, this can increase pressure on fish stocks if predator–prey linkages are strong, if prey species regeneration is slow, and if pelagic prey species are relatively easy to catch.
An empirical application shows that predator–prey linkages reduce but not overthrow the positive effects of global aquaculture growth on the conservation of local predator fish stocks. This provides some evidence that a reallocation of fishing effort from higher to lower trophic levels can conserve fish stocks at higher trophic levels.
Corporatization and political ideology: The case of hospitals in Spain
Authors: Alonso José M. , Clifton Judith , Díaz‐Fuentes Daniel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCorporatization—arguably as important as privatization regarding public service reform—remains an under‐researched topic in Public Administration. In this paper, we explore the extent to which the implementation of different types of corporatization strategies can be explained by the ideology of the ruling party in the Spanish public healthcare sector, selected for study because this sector was subject to reform, particularly, decentralization and marketization. To do so, we use count‐data regression models to analyze secondary data from the 17 Spanish regional governments for the period 2003–2017. Our estimates reveal that right‐wing controlled regional governments exhibit a clear preference for corporatization strategies that actively involve the private sector, such as Public–Private Partnerships and Public Finance Initiatives. Further analysis suggests that left‐wing governments are positively associated with the implementation of corporatization strategies that do not involve the private sector, such as the creation of Public Enterprises and Public Entities. These results are robust to a variety of alternative specifications.
Influence of different warming temperatures on the vitrified testicular fragments from pre‐pubertal cat
Authors: Fernandes Juliana de Souza , Tabosa Beatriz Evaristo de Almeida , Brito Bruna Farias , Silva Herlon Victor Rodrigues , Lima David Baruc Cruvinel , Silva Lúcia Daniel Machado da 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTesticular vitrification is an alternative to preserve the genetic material of pre‐pubertal animals. However, there are few studies on post‐vitrification warming. Hence, the aim was to compare the influence of different warming temperatures on vitrified testicular fragments from pre‐pubertal cats. The testicles were fragmented and divided into a control group (non‐vitrified) and vitrified, using an association between dimethylsulphoxide and glycerol. The vitrified fragments were warmed at 50, 55 and 60°C/5 s. Morphological and morphometric evaluations were carried out using classical histology. Afterwards, the mitochondrial activity was evaluated using Rhodamine 123. The data were expressed in mean and standard error. The differences were considered significant when p < .05. In the histomorphological analysis, the testicular fragment presented seminiferous tubules with poorly developed germinal epithelium, compatible with pre‐pubertal animals. The group warmed at 50°C presented similar to the control regarding the maintenance of the integrity of the tubules and cells, without stromal rupture and lamina propria alteration, as well as regarding the maintenance of the junctions between the cells. The group warmed at 55°C showed reduction of the cell junctions, and the one warmed at 60°C had increased detachment of the basement membrane (p < .05). The warming caused a reduction in the tubular diameter inversely proportional and progressive to the increase in temperature, with the highest diameter in the control group and the lowest in the 60°C group. The control group showed a lower incidence of Rhodamine 123, followed in ascending order of the warmings at 55 and 60°C. The higher mitochondrial activity was obtained with 50°C, showing an increase of the metabolic cell function at this temperature. It was concluded that the testicular fragment of pre‐pubertal cats presents a better preserved morphology, morphometry and viability when warmed at 50°C.
Suicide among Veterans receiving Veterans Health Administration Home Based Primary Care and following discharge from Community Living Centers
Authors: Cooper Samantha A. , Szymanski Benjamin R. , Karel Michele J. , Katz Ira R. , McCarthy John F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionVeterans who receive Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Home Based Primary Care (HBPC) services and those discharged from VHA Community Living Centers (CLC) may be at increased risk of suicide. No studies to date have assessed suicide risks among HBPC patients. This study examined suicide risks among recipients of VHA HBPC services and following discharge from VHA CLCs, as compared to other Veteran VHA users.MethodsWe identified three cohorts of 2013 Veteran VHA patients: 47,842 HBPC users, 17,725 with live discharges from CLCs, and 5,554,635 other VHA users. Using proportional hazards regression, we assessed risk of suicide through 2016.ResultsOverall, HBPC recipients did not differ from the other cohorts in suicide risk. Although in unadjusted analyses CLC discharged patients had greater suicide risk than the general VHA patient cohort (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.73, 95% confidence interval = 1.25–2.41), this became nonsignificant when controlling for diagnoses.ConclusionsOverall findings did not identify differential suicide risk among VHA HBPC recipients in 2013, when compared to other Veteran VHA patient cohorts. Veterans discharged from VHA CLCs have increased mental health morbidity, which was associated with increased suicide risk.
A retrospective study and survival analysis on bitches with mammary tumours spayed at the same time of mastectomy
Authors: Banchi Penelope , Morello Emanuela Maria , Bertero Alessia , Ricci Alessandro , Rota Ada 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to retrospectively assess whether spaying at the same time of mastectomy increased disease‐free survival (DFS) in bitches with mammary tumours and to investigate the utility of clinical data when designing a surgical plan that includes gonadectomy. Characteristics of 225 bitches carrying 489 tumours were retrieved. Of the116 bitches that underwent surgery, 52 bitches underwent mastectomy and ovariectomy, 46 bitches underwent mastectomy alone, whereas 18 bitches were already spayed. Analysis by Kaplan–Meier and in‐between groups comparisons using Student's T, Chi‐square, and one‐way ANOVA tests were performed. DFS was longer for bitches that underwent ovariectomy and mastectomy compared to those that were left intact (p = .00064) or were already spayed (p = .0098). Spaying status affected tumour size (spayed: 2.75 cm ± 2.72; intact: 1.76 cm ± 2.04; p = .039), but not malignancy (p > .05). Differences in age were detected between animals with benign and malignant tumours (years: 9.1 ± 2.8 and 10 ± 2.3; p = .004), with multiple and single tumours (years: 10.18 ± 2.6 and 9.3 ± 2.8; p = .007), and between purebred and mixed breed bitches (years: 10.46 ±1.78 and 9.27 ±2.68; p = .005). Malignant tumours were larger than benign ones (2.17 cm±2.31 and 1.34 cm ±1.82; p = .005) and size increased according to the degree of malignancy. DFS was shorter for animals presenting tumours >2 cm in size (p < .006) and with tumours in the first pair of thoracic mammary glands (p = .00009). Gonadectomy should be suggested to owners of intact bitches carrying mammary tumours and age, size of the tumour, and location should be carefully considered when performing surgery.