bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial Effect of Iron Nanoparticles (FeNPs) on Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Ahmed Mennat Allah Jamal , Abed Suha Maher , Hamad Arshad Mahdi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Excessive and incorrect use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of strains of Acinetobacter baumannii that have resistance to antibiotics, multidrug resistance A. aumannii has become a real threat to life of humans. So scientists have resorted to using nanotechnology to limit the spread of infection with these strains.

Objectives:
This study aimed to use an eco-friendly method for synthesizing iron nanoparticles FeNPs using Cinnamon extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Also, explore the antibacterial activity of FeNPs against A. baumannii.

Materials and Methods:
The Iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) are synthesized by what is called (green synthesis) the easiest and nontoxic method, as microorganisms or plant extracts are used. We discuss how to synthesize FeNPs using plant extracts, where cinnamon powder was used and prepared as a plant extract to obtain FeNPs by adding 5 mL of the extract to 100 mL of aqueous iron nitrate and conducting tests for these nanoparticles, which include (UV, SEM, XRD, and FTIR). As well as studying the effect of iron nanoparticles as an antibiotic on many strains of A. baumannii with multidrug resistance using different concentrations as follows (0.1 M, 0.01 M, 0.001 M, and 0.0001 M).

Results:
This study showed that UV recorded approximately 360 nm, and SEM images exhibited spherical shape FeNPs nanostructures with an average size of 12.44 nm. The maximum inhibition diameter FeNPs against A. baumannii isolates was recorded at 33 mm in diameter.

Conclusion:
The preparation of FeNPs with cinnamon extract is a quick, nontoxic giving significant antibacterial effect on A. baumannii isolates.
The Prevalence of Anosmia and Dysgeusia in Relation to Sex, Age, and Smoking during COVID-19 Second Wave: A Retrospective Analysis of a Sample of Patients in Hilla City
Authors: Ali Maytham Riad , Al-Saadi Malath Azeez 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction are among the significant symptoms of COVID-19 infection that show diversity in prevalence and recovery with a great impact on patients’ life.

Objectives:
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of age, sex, and smoking on the prevalence and recovery of dysgeusia (abnormal taste) and anosmia (loss of smell) in COVID-19-infected patients.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective single-institution study involved 194 records of COVID-19 patients of both genders evaluated according to study objectives, encompassing pertinent data such as age, gender, smoking habits, incidence of anosmia or hyposmia, changes in flavor, initiation and duration of the infection, and alterations in smell and taste. Medications utilized for treatment purposes were either acquired through direct telephone communication with patients or indirectly from patients’ records.

Results:
A total of 194 patients were included, and the majority of them were women. Patients age had significant differences, with a mean age of 28 years. Infection duration was about 1 week for majority of patients, and the degree of COVID-19 infection was mild. Patients were significantly P ≤ 0.05 had dysgeusia, anosmia, or both of them. Smoking was found to be significantly correlated with dysgeusia.

Conclusion:
Dysgeusia and anosmia are initial indications of mild COVID-19 infection that resolve on their own during the second phase of the virus’s spread. Young female patients were identified as having a higher propensity to develop dysgeusia, anosmia, or both. Smokers had lower incidence of dysgeusia.
Study the Effect of Exogenous Iodine on the Thyroid Transcription Factors during Pregnancy in Rat Model
Authors: Hussein Ghina Hamoodi , Muhssa Ehab R. , Shakir Alaa T. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
This study was designed to evaluate whether a mother’s iodide supplement would be correlated with embryonic thyroid gland development.

Objective:
Thyroid transcription factors were be measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique in all studied samples.

Materials and Methods:
The study included three groups as follows: group 1: involved 20 adult female rats, and the animals in this group were administered distilled water and they served as control, group 2: involved 15 adult female rats, and the animals in this group were treated with a low dose of iodine (0.06 mg), and group 3: involved 15 adult female rats, and the animals in this group were treated with a medium dose of iodine (0.18 mg). After 18 days of pregnancy. The animals were sacrificed and the serum was collected to determine rat paired box protein (PAX8), rat Forkhead box protein E1 (FOXE1), rat Homeobox protein (Nkx-2.1) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay assay for the mother whereas the thyroid factors data were analyzed using SPSS (version 15.0). Statistical tests were conducted using SPSS version 26. The descriptive analysis (Mean ± S.E) and the significance were done using Duncan at P ≤ 0.01 (the significance level was 0.01 and the P-value was 0.05), respectively. P-value and significance level were (0.05) and (0.01), respectively.

Results:
Results reported the highest value in FOX1, NK2.1, and PAX8 concentration was in 1.8 gm followed by a concentration of 0.06 gm, whereas the lowest value recorded in control group was 224.49a ± 7.61 with significant differences at (P ≤ 0.05) between the studied groups in both mother and embryo, however.

Conclusions:
Depending on the obtained results, the current study found the thyroid transcription factors were involved directly with excess iodine taken.
Relationship between Supportive Services of Parents with Children Disabilities
Authors: Al-Kafajy Noor Al-Huda Satar S. K. , Al-Dorie Nuhad Mohammad 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Disabilities refer to the existence of a fundamental difference from the average or the normal, and specifically. The estimates of disabled persons vary from one society to another, according to the conditions of society and its social, economic, and health conditions.

Objectives:
The study aimed to assess the social supportive services for children with special needs and to find out the relationship between services support for parents of children with disabilities.

Materials and Methods:
From December 2021 to March 2023, Babylon Health Directorate, Al Hillah city conducted a descriptive cross-sectional design study. Non-probability purposive sampling conducted in rehabilitation centers consists of 200 parents. Data were gathered using an interviewing approach, which took between 25 and 30 min to complete. A committee of 17 professionals verified the questionnaire. To assess the instrument’s dependability, a pilot study was carried out employing statistical and descriptive data analysis techniques, and the data were examined by SPSS version 20.

Results:
The results of the present study show the overall quality of life for parents with children special. The results of the present study showed poor responses related to supportive services of parents with children, and also the relationship results show that there is a significant relationship between supportive services with some demographical characteristics at P-value < 0.05.

Conclusions:
This study found the children with special needs received poor overall supportive services in the areas of physiotherapy, occupational therapy, social work, psychology, and technology. There was a correlation between supportive services for parents with children disabilities ratings and all underlying health factors for kids with exceptional needs.
The Correlation between Oral Candida albicans and Interlukine-23 in Diabetic Patients in Hilla City, Iraq
Authors: Al-Harba Huda Reyad , Nasir-Alla Nebrass , Jabir Azher Abdulhafidh 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Candidiasis is the most common opportunistic fungal infection in the oral cavity. Because of immunosuppression and other physiological changes, diabetes makes people more susceptible to Candida infections. Candida infections have become more frequent through the years. Interleukins are a significant class of cytokines that control immunological processes and are produced by immunocompetent cells.

Objective:
Identification and molecular detection of Candida albicans and determination of interlukine-23 (IL-23) concentration and studying the correlation between oral C. albicans and IL-23 in diabetic patients.

Materials and Methods:
100 study samples (60 patients; 40 control), 43 were male patients and 57 were female patients, the age ranging from 20 to 70 year. The oral swabs of all samples were identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), blood samples were obtained from all patients and control in order to determine hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and IL-23. IL-23 level was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results:
The current study revealed a higher prevalence of oral C. albicans colonization in diabetic patients than in control and found increase of significant differences in age >60 in the sample study between diabetic patients and control with oral C. albicans. An increase in the serum level of IL-23 was found among diabetic patients with oral C. albicans when compared with healthy controls. There is negative correlation between IL-23 and HbA1c in diabetic patients.

Conclusion:
Oral C. albicans were more prevalent in diabetic patients in comparison with healthy subjects, identified by specific primer by real-time PCR, along with a significant increase in IL-23 concentration between patients and controls with oral C. albicans was noted. Oral C. albicans were more prevalent in diabetic patients in comparison with healthy subjects, identified by specific primer by real-time PCR.
The Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Kinesin-4A Protein, β-Tubulin Protein, and Exosomes as Non-Invasive Biomarkers in Iraqi Women with Breast Cancer
Authors: Shammar Samar Hasan , Behayaa Hiba Resheed , Al-Baaj Ahmed F. F. , Ewadh Mohammed M. , Zaid Sura Abd , Ewadh Muna M. , Ewadh Mufeed Jalil 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Breast cancer (BC) is a disease in which cells in the breast grow out of control. There are different kinds of BC. The kind of BC depends on which cells in the breast turn into cancer. BC can begin in different parts of the breast.

Objectives:
The current study aimed to investigate using Kinesin-4A (KIF4A) protein as a Diagnostic and Prognostic biomarker in Iraqi Women with Breast Cancer.

Materials and Methods:
This study involved 70 Iraqi women with (BC), who had BC diagnosed for the first time. The study also included a control group (CG) of 70 participants. The period the study extended from February 2021 to October 2022. The research was carried out in Iraq, at the Department of Biochemistry in the College of Medicine at the University of Babylon, as well as at The Oncology Center at Marjan Teaching Hospital in Hilla City, Iraq. Determination of kinesin-4A, β-tubulin, and exosomes was done by a fully automated Elisys Uno Analyzer before and after mastectomy. Various circulating biomarkers and tumor markers were investigated including liver function test.

Results:
First-time diagnosis show that kinesin-4A and β-tubulin were found to be increased in women with BC (P < 0.01), whereas the levels of exosomes were extremely high in BC women compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Two weeks after the mastectomy, the results of kinesin-4A, β-tubulin, and exosomes dropped dramatically near normal levels.

Conclusion:
These results suggest that different types of BC can alter several aspects of host immunity causing increased production of specific immune products. And these products can use as diagnostic and prognostic markers to reduce invasive procedures such as surgeries or radiation exposure.
Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Could Affect NLRP3 Inflammasome Level
Authors: Al-Shawk Refif Sabih , Ashoor Zainab Fadhel , Bakir Wasan Abdul-elah , Ahmed Intisar Manfi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Inflammasome complex such as nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor family protein 3 (NLRP3) acts as a trigger initiating inflammatory responses and could lead to endothelial dysfunction in diabetic patients and glycemic control could affect the mitochondrial stress through NLRP3 inflammasome level.

Objectives:
This study was conducted to ensure that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) glycemic control could affect mitochondrial stress through NLRP3 inflammasome level leading to an aberrant immune response.

Materials and Methods:
A case–control study was conducted on 90 Iraqi subjects, 60 of them were T2DM who were subgrouped into 30 patients with good glycemic control (HbA1c ≤ 7%) and the second group with 30 patients with poor (bad) glycemic control (HbA1c > 7%). Also, 30 healthy control subjects were enrolled in this study. HbA1c, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and serum levels of NLRP3 and interferon (IFN)-γ were quantitatively determined by means of a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test.

Results:
Results of this study showed a significant increase in serum levels of NLRP3 and IFN-γ in the poor glycemic control group of patients as compared to control subjects (P ≤ 0.05), while this difference was not significant when comparing the good glycemic control group of patients with control subjects. There is a significant positive correlation of serum NLRP3 with only IFN-γ (P ≤ 0.05) in both good and poor glycemic control and healthy controls.

Conclusion:
An increased level of NLRP3 was observed in poor glycemic control T2DM and correlated with IFN-γ, suggesting hyperglycemia’s effect on this inflammasome pathway that could be associated with aberrant cytokine induction, a key inducer of diabetic complications.
Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity Among Medical Students at the University of Mosul
Authors: Yassen Zaid Muayad , Al-Dewachi Anmar B. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Overweight and obesity are important reasons for mortality worldwide, Medical students are further susceptible to obesity due to their daily life with fewer hours of physical activity and disorderly food consumption habits.

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among medical students at the University of Mosul and to describe related dietary habits and physical activities.

Materials and Methods:
This study was conducted in the College of Medicine University of Mosul. A cross-sectional study design was selected. Messages were sent to 2179 students, and 1520 students agreed to participate with a response rate of 69.76%. A specially designed questionnaire form was filled out by each participant after a brief explanation of the study objectives. Anthropometric were measured including body weight and height. Body mass index was calculated as an indicator of overweight and obesity.

Results:
This study showed that more than three-quarters of the study population (79.54%) were between 18 and 24 years of age. Overweight and grade I obesity was observed among 21.05% and 4.48% of medical students, respectively. The study showed that overweight and grade I obesity were more prevalent in males than in females (27.66% and 7.09% in males compared to 17.15% and 2.93% in females, respectively) and this difference was found to be statistically highly significant. This study showed that approximately 78% of medical students stated that they practice exercise regularly.

Conclusion:
Obesity and overweight are more prevalent among male medical students than females.
Detection of iridocorneal angle changes after uncomplicated phacoemulsification using automated gonioscopy imaging
Authors: Santos Miguel , Lima-Cabrita Afonso , Barão Rafael , Abegão-Pinto Luís 
Published: December 2024

PURPOSE:
Phacoemulsification cataract surgery (PCS) is known to change anterior chamber morphology, widening the iridocorneal angle (ICA) of most patients. This study aims to determine whether automated gonioscopy imaging (AGI) with GS-1® (NIDEK CO., Japan) can detect changes in ICA morphology and pigmentation after PCS.

METHODS:
A prospective, observational study including patients who underwent PCS at Hospital Santa Maria, Lisbon, from March to October 2022. AGI was done at the preoperative visit and 6-weeks postoperative. The images were analyzed using NAVIS-EX Software (NIDEK CO., Japan) by a masked observer. Each eye was divided into four quadrants and their morphology and pigmentation was graded according to the Shaffer and modified Scheie classifications, respectively.

RESULTS:
Twenty-two eyes from 21 patients (62% female) were included, with a mean age of 74.5 ± 7.9 years. Baseline AGI identified 7 (33%) patients with angle closure. PCS led to all patients achieving open angle status and lower preoperative Shaffer grades achieved greater postoperative improvement. Statistically significant ICA widening was found in the superior (P = 0.004), inferior (P = 0.008), and temporal (P = 0.023) quadrants, but not the nasal quadrant (P = 0.21). Similarly, a statistically significant pigmentation increase was found in the superior (P = 0.008), inferior (P = 0.002), and temporal (P = 0.016) quadrants and less pigmented baseline quadrants showed a greater gain. The most significant pigmentation gain was in the inferior quadrant.

CONCLUSION:
Unlike other imaging modalities, AGI with GS-1 can detect changes in ICA morphology and pigmentation after routine cataract surgery, mainly in the superior, inferior, and temporal quadrants.
Short-term safety and efficacy of ripasudil as “add-on therapy” in glaucoma patients on maximum tolerable glaucoma medication
Authors: Kumari Rashmi , Saha Bhawesh C. , Ambasta Anita , Kumar Vidya B. 
Published: December 2024

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the additional intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effect and tolerability of ripasudil in patients with glaucoma inadequately controlled with maximum tolerable medical therapy.

METHODS:
A prospective, noncomparative, interventional case series. Patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) but IOP inadequately controlled with maximum medical therapy were enrolled for this. Ripasudil (0.4%) was added as adjunctive therapy to the ongoing glaucoma treatment. The primary outcome was the mean IOP reduction after 3 months of treatment, whereas the secondary outcome was the percentage attainment of predefined target IOP and the incidence of any adverse events.

RESULTS:
A total of 42 eyes of 42 patients with POAG were evaluated. Mean number of medications at the time of enrolment was 3.54 ± 0.45. The percentage IOP reduction from baseline was 16.8% with a 95% confidence interval, mean IOP reduction was − 2.9 mm Hg (range: −1.9–−4.6) with P < 0.001 after 3 months of treatment. Eighteen eyes (42.8%) were able to achieve the target IOP. Notable adverse event was conjunctival hyperemia in 57.14% and blepharitis in 2.38% of the eyes but they were mild and transient.

CONCLUSION:
Ripasudil is effective and tolerable in POAG patients already on maximal medical therapy. It can be utilized as an extra tool that can postpone invasive procedures, especially in the short term.
Серия кубинских работ Ольги Яушевой
Authors: Шишин М.Ю. , Царева Н.С. 
Published: December 2024

В статье рассматриваются произведения заслуженного художника России, члена-корреспондента Российской академии художеств Ольги Яушевой, созданные на основе впечатлений от творческих поездок на Кубу. Многие написаны непосредственно с натуры во время пребывания в творческих командировках на Острове свободы, другие — в результате обработки в московской мастерской экспедиционных материалов (этюдов, эскизов, набросков). Цель данной статьи — проанализировать кубинскую серию работ мастера, созданных в 2019–2020-х годах, и с помощью структурно-семантического искусствоведческого анализа охарактеризовать систему средств художественной выразительности и семантики произведений живописца. Отсутствие значимых публикаций об О.Р. Яушевой актуализирует значение научных искусствоведческих исследований о художнице, которая занимает одно из лидирующих мест в современном российском искусстве.
The article examines the oeuvre by Olga Yausheva, the Honoured Artist of Russia and a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Arts, which is based on impressions gained from creative trips to Cuba. A significant proportion of the works were painted directly from life during the artist's creative trips to the Island of Freedom. The remaining works were created as a result of the artist's processing of expeditionary materials (sketches, sketches, sketches) in the Moscow studio. The objective of this article is to analyse the Cuban series of the master's works created in 2019-2020 and to characterise the system of artistic expression and semantics of the painter's works with the help of structural and semantic art history analysis. The lack of substantial publications on O.R. Yausheva underscores the value of rigorous art historical inquiry into this prominent figure in contemporary Russian art.
Ayurveda Approach in Management of Avascular Necrosis
Authors: Gopesh Mangal  , Annu Kaushik  
Published: December 2024

Avascular necrosis (AVN) is a commonly encountered type of bone tissue death, presenting clinicians with multifaceted challenges in treatment. Effective management necessitates a delicate balance between preserving bone structure, restoring functionality, and relieving pain. Surgical interventions like drilling, bone graft insertion, and prosthetic placement are commonly pursued, yet their high cost and limited success rates underscore the need for alternative approaches. Exhibiting symptoms akin to disorders of musculoskeletal origin, AVN often manifests in a chronic stage, demanding comprehensive care. In Ayurveda, its clinical presentation and underlying pathology can be correlated with Asthi Majjakshaya (depletion of bone marrow), and Asthimajjagata Vata (Vata vitiation affecting bone and bone marrow). Ayurvedic management of AVN often involves Panchkarma therapies, (Shodhana i.e., eliminating toxins, restoring Doshik equilibrium, and rejuvenating the body) and medicinal intervention (Shamana i.e., pacifying Doshas within the body). Promising results viz., symptomatic improvements, revealed significant enhancements in pain relief, tenderness reduction, stiffness mitigation, and gait improvement underscoring the potential of Ayurvedic principles in providing substantial relief and enhancing the quality of life for individuals grappling with AVN. By incorporating Panchkarma therapies into the treatment of AVN, Ayurveda provides a holistic approach that not only alleviates symptoms but also targets the root causes contributing to the progression of the condition.