bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA Methylation Landscape of 16 Canine Somatic Tissues by Methylation-Sensitive Restriction Enzyme-Based Next Generation Sequencing
Authors: Yamazaki Jumpei , Matsumoto Yuki , Jelinek Jaroslav , Ishizaki Teita , Maeda Shingo , Watanabe Kei , Ishihara Genki , Yamagishi Junya , Takiguchi Mitsuyoshi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: DNA methylation plays important functions in gene expression regulation that is involved in individual development and various diseases. DNA methylation has been well studied in human and model organisms, but only limited data exist in companion animals like dog. Results: Using methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme-based next generation sequencing (Canine DREAM), we obtained canine DNA methylation maps from 16 somatic tissues. In total, we evaluated 130,861 CpG sites. The majority of CpG sites were either highly methylated (>70%, 52.5%-64.6% of all CpG sites analyzed) or unmethylated (<30%, 22.5%-28.0% of all CpG sites analyzed) which are methylation patterns similar to other species. The overall methylation status of CpG sites across the 32 methylomes were remarkably similar. However, the tissue types were clearly defined by principle component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis with DNA methylome. We found 6416 CpG sites located closely at promoter region of genes and inverse correlation between DNA methylation and gene expression of these genes. Conclusions: Our study provides basic dataset for DNA methylation profiles in dogs.
Anatomy Education Environment Measurement Inventory (AEEMI): A cross-validation study in Malaysian medical schools
Authors: Hadie Siti Nurma Hanim , Yusoff Muhamad Saiful Bahri , Arifin Wan Nor , Kasim Fazlina , Ismail Zul Izhar Mohd , Asari Mohd Anizam , Sulong Husnaida Manan @ , Hassan Asma' , Muda Tg Fatimah Murniwati Tg , Bakar Yasrul Izad Abu , Zamin Rasheeda Mohd , Ramli Elvy Suhana Mohd , Hod Rafidah , Talip Saiful Bahri , Noor Ku Mastura Ku Mohd , Merican Yusoff Sharizal Yusoff Azmi , Azmi Muhammad Fairuz , Latiff Atikah Abdul , Rushaidhi Madihah 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The Anatomy Education Environment Measurement Inventory (AEEMI) evaluates the perception of medical students of educational climates with regard to teaching and learning anatomy. The study aimed to cross-validate the AEEMI, which was previously studied in a public medical school, and proposed a valid universal model of AEEMI across public and private medical schools in Malaysia.Methods: The initial 11-factor and 132-item AEEMI was distributed to 1,930 pre-clinical and clinical year medical students from 11 medical schools in Malaysia. The study examined the construct validity of the AEEMI using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The best-fit model of AEEMI was achieved using five factors and 26 items (ꭓ2 = 3300.71 (df = 1680), P < 0.001, ꭓ2/df = 1.965, RMSEA = 0.018, GFI = 0.929, CFI = 0.962, NFI = 0.927, TLI = 0.956) with Cronbach’s alpha values ranging from 0.621 to 0.927.Results: Findings of the cross-validation across institutions and phases of medical training indicated that the AEEMI measures nearly the same constructs as the previously validated version with several modifications to the item placement within each factor.Conclusions: These results confirmed that variability exists within factors of the anatomy education environment among institutions. Hence, with modifications to the internal structure, the proposed model of the AEEMI can be considered universally applicable in the Malaysian context and thus can be used as one of the tools for auditing and benchmarking the anatomy curriculum.
Genome Evolution During Bread Wheat Formation Unveiled by the Distribution Dynamics of SSR Sequences on Chromosomes using FISH
Authors: Zhang Yingxin , Fan Chengming , Chen Yuhong , Wang Richard R.-C. , Zhang Xiangqi , Han Fangpu , Hu Zanmin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: During the bread wheat speciation by polyploidization, a series of genome rearrangement and sequence recombination occurred. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) sequences, predominately located in heterochromatic regions of chromosomes, are the effective marker for tracing the genomic DNA sequence variations. However, to date the distribution dynamics of SSRs on chromosomes of bread wheat and its donors, including diploid and tetraploid Triticum urartu, Aegilops speltoides, Ae. tauschii, T. turgidum ssp. dicocoides, reflecting the genome evolution events during bread wheat formation had not been comprehensively investigated.Results: The genome evolution was studied by comprehensively comparing the distribution patterns of (AAC)n, (AAG)n, (AGC)n and (AG)n in bread wheat Triticum aestivum var. Chinese Spring and its progenitors T. urartu, A. speltoides, Ae. tauschii, wild tetroploid emmer wheat T. dicocoides, and cultivated emmer wheat T. dicoccum. Results indicated that there are specific distribution patterns in different chromosomes from different species for each SSRs. They provided efficient visible markers for identification of some individual chromosomes and SSR sequence evolution tracing from the diploid progenitors to hexaploid wheat. During wheat speciation, the SSR sequence expansion occurred predominately in the centromeric and pericentromeric regions of B genome chromosomes accompanied by little expansion and elimination on other chromosomes. This feature might be an adaptation mechanism of the wheat genome to the “genome shock”.Conclusions: During the bread wheat evolution, SSRs including (AAC)n, (AAG)n, (AGC)n and (AG)n in B genome displayed the greatest changes (sequence expansion) especially in centromeric and pericentromeric regions during the polyploidization from Ae. speltoides S genome, the most likely donor of B genome. This work would enable a better understanding of the wheat genome formation and evolution and reinforce the viewpoint that B genome was originated from S genome.
Three-Month Outcomes from a Patient-Centered Program to Treat Opioid use Disorder
Authors: Lynch Alison , Weber Andrea N , Hedden Suzy , Sabbagh Sayeh , Arndt Stephan , Acion Laura 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Opioid use disorder (OUD), a chronic disease, is a major public health problem. Despite availability of effective treatment, too few people receive it and treatment retention is low. Understanding barriers and facilitators of treatment access and retention is needed to improve outcomes for people with OUD.Objectives: To assess 3-month outcomes pilot data from a patient-centered OUD treatment program that utilized flexible treatment requirements and prioritized engagement over compliance. Methods: Forty patients (62.5% female) receiving medication to treat OUD at all levels of care were enrolled in an observational study. Patients could select or decline case management, counseling, and peer recovery groups. Substance use, risk and protective factors, and recovery capital were measured at intake and 3 months. Results: Most participants reported increased recovery capital. The median Assessment of Recovery Capital (ARC) score went from 37 at enrollment to 43 (p<0.01). Illegal drug use decreased, with the median days using illegal drugs in the past month dropping from 10 to 0 (p<0.001). Cravings improved: 29.2% reported no cravings at intake and 58.3% reported no cravings at 3 months (p<0.001). Retention rate was 92.5% at 3 months. Retention rate for participants who were not on probation/parole was higher (96.9%) than for those on probation/parole (62.5%, p=0.021). Conclusion: This study shows preliminary evidence that a care model based on low-barrier access and strategies to improve treatment retention improves recovery capital, reduces illegal drug use and cravings, and retains people in treatment.
What you need to know to avoid constipation
Authors: Shemerovskii K. A. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Constipation is one of the most common human diseases. Doctors in England consider constipation a “secret national problem” because 50% of the population takes laxatives.The aim of this work was the introduction of chronomedicine approach to the problem of constipation.Method the study was chronoenterographia – week monitoring of the circadian rhythm of defecation.Materials. More than 2,500 people aged 24–75 years, 66% of women, were examined. The frequency and acrophase of the defecation rhythm and quality of life were analyzed.Results: circadian regular defecation rhythm (Euenteria – 7 times/wk) and irregular (Bradyenteria – 1–6 times/week) was isolated. It is shown that the presence of the morning phase of the defecation rhythm contributes to its regularity, and the absence of this phase increases the risk of constipation by 4 times. The earlier defecation occurs – the less often constipation occurs. Euenteria associated with a high level of quality of life, but Bradyenteria – on the contrary. According to the frequency of defecation, there are 3 stages of Bradyenteria: light (5–6 times/week), moderate (3–4 times/week), severe (1–2 times/week, constipation). The Roman-IV criteria for constipation recommend diagnosing only the severe stage of Bradyenteria (less than 3 times/week), and the first 2 stages of it are not diagnosed.Conclusion. Late diagnosis of constipation leads to complications: hemorrhoids, diverticulitis and colorectal cancer. For the regularity of defecation, the contribution of timely stool phase is commensurate with the complex of adequate nutrition, sufficient physical activity and optimal sleep. In order not to suffer from constipation, you need to know about regularity, timeliness and complexity. In outpatient surgery, polyethylene glycol, psyllium and sodium picosulfate are most often used to restore the regular rhythm of defecation.
How to properly examine the veins of the lower limbs: lying, sitting or standing?
Authors: Bogachev V. Yu. , Churikov D. A. 
Published: January 2021

The article is a discussion of the advantages of a patient’s position during an ultrasound examination of the lower-limb venous system. The presented material is intended to objectively assess the advantages of this or that position of an examined patient in order to obtain necessary information about the state of the veins of the lower limbs from the position of doctors who have years of experience in diagnostics and treatment of acute and chronic diseases of the lower-limb venous system. The material of the article is primarily designed for doctors who, in addition to the ability to use an ultrasound scanner to some extent, know about venous hemodynamics and can afford to think outside the generally accepted concepts and clinical recommendations.The characteristics of the state of the lower-limb venous system at vertical and horizontal position of the patient are given. Schemes of venous pressure distribution in the system of the inferior vena cava in the horizontal and vertical position of the patient are presented. Methods of manual compression of the muscular mass and straining at different patient positions are described.The vertical position of the patient (or sitting position) is the most reliable way to identify the peculiarities of anatomical structure and pathological changes of the subcutaneous vein walls, which may be of great importance for planning and carrying out subsequent invasive manipulations, but there is a question about the expediency of making linear measurements in this position, if the invasive intervention is carried out while lying down. Carrying out compression ultrasound, assessment of hemodynamic parameters of venous blood flow, including the use of samples with straining and manual compression of muscle masses of the limb, it is much more convenient to perform in the lying position.
Experimental clinical study on the using of adhesive in the obliteration of varicose veins in humans
Authors: Sannikov A. B. , Shaydakov E. V. , Emelyanenko V. M. , Tolstikova T. G. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction. In order to perform endovasal vein lining, the American Rodney D.Raabe developed a system for varicose veins obliteration, consisting of a glue gun and two catheters, called “VenaSeal”. As an occlusant for varicose veins in this system, “Medtronic” company today proposes to use an adhesive compound synthesized on the basis of butyl ether of α-cyanacrylic acid.Materials and methods. Endovasal catheter obliteration of tributaries and main trunks of the great saphenous vein on the tibia was performed in 15 patients with varicose disease (C2 to CEAR) in order to substantiate the possibility of using the adhesive compound Sulfacrylate. Severity of pain, presence or absence of phlebitis and thrombophlebitis, hyper pigmentation, neurological disorders, allergic reaction were clinically evaluated.Results and discussion. All patients after the introduction of the glue Sulfakrilat had a clinic of moderate phlebitis, without the formation of blood clots in the lumen of the vein. No local or general allergic reaction was observed. From day 7 occluded venous segments were palpated in the form of moderate density bands, without infiltration to surrounding tissues. In the absence of blood flow ultrasound examination showed gradual biodegradation of the adhesive strip inside the vein with the development of complete obliteration of the lumen starting from the 4th month. Starting with the 7th day gradually stopped aseptic inflammation in the wall of the vein was observed on histological examination. Monocytic infiltration of the venous wall with the formation of multinucleated cells of foreign bodies was present until the time of complete biodegradation of the glue. The process of diffuse growth of connective tissue with the presence of fibroblasts from the subendothelium and in the middle shell was most actively observed in histological material from 90 to 120 days after occlusion. Within 180 days, the lumen of the veins occluded by “Sulfacrylate” was completely obliterated by mature connective tissue, in the absence of glue particles, which indicated its complete biodegradation.Conclusion. The experimental studies conducted with the assessment of clinical symptoms, ultrasound examination and histological study of morphogenesis in the lumen of blood vessels in different periods up to 6 months allow us to conclude the potential use of the adhesive compound “Sulfacrylate” (produced in Russia) for endovasal obliteration of varicose veins in humans.
The experience of hospital-replacing surgery for varicose veins in St Petersburg outpatient clinics
Authors: Davydenko V. V. , Galileeva A. N. , Ivanova O. P. , Romanov A. V. , Afanasyev B. I. , Reytel R. R. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction.Over the last 20 years the widespread introduction of ultrasound imaging into clinical practice and the emergence of new endovascular technologies in the treatment of varicose veins have brought about a paradigm shift in the surgical treatment and the introduction of innovative minimally invasive technologies (thermoobliteration, chemical obliteration, microphlebectomy), which can be performed on outpatient basis under local anesthesia. Therefore, the widespread introduction of these technologies into the outpatient practice is the foremost task.Objective of the study.Analyse the results of the experience gained in the St Petersburg polyclinics concerning the introduction of hospital-replacing surgical treatment of varicose vein diseases and appropriate training. Materials and methods. We have performed 854 surgeries including endo-venous laser coagulation (EVLС), sclerobliteration (SO) and Varadi miniflebectomy (MF) under local infiltration anesthesia: EVLC + MF in 71%, MF in 12%, EVLC + SO in 9%, EVLC + MF + SО in 3%, EVLC in 3% and SО in 2% of cases. The patients operated on ranged in age from 19 to 78 years (53 ± 21 g), among them there were 611 women and 202 men. The clinical distribution of patients was in accordance with CEAP classification: C2 – 62%, C3 – 22%, C4a/b – 12%, C5 – 2.5%, C6 – 1.5%.Results and discussion.The evaluation of treatment results based on a retrospective analysis of patients’ examination findings after 1, 39, 180 and 365 postoperative days has demonstrated that there is no evidence of intra- and postoperative complications requiring hospitalization, disease recurrence. However, ecchymosis in 35% of cases, limited superficial infiltrates - in 18%, limited superficial thrombophlebitis - in 0.8% have been reported after MF. They have been treated using topical agents. According to the questionnaire, after a year of treatment 96% of patients appear to be satisfied with the results obtained. After a year payback financial costs have been achieved. An effective practical training program has been developed and implemented for innovative technologies for surgery of varicose veins of lower extremities. 42 physicians of outpatient clinics underwent the program.Conclusions.It can therefore be concluded that the further introduction of innovative technologies into the polyclinics is reasonably practicable as it is safe, effective, expands the population’s access to modern technologies, is economically feasible and is perceived positively by patients, reduces the burden on surgical hospitals, improves professional qualifications and expands the professional competencies of surgeons in outpatient settings.
Hydatid cysts in the outpatient practice of a surgeon
Authors: Pakhnov D. V. , Odishelashvili G. D. , Odishelashvili L. G. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The hydatid form of echinococcal disease of EB is a rather urgent problem and over time the degree of its significance does not decrease. The main target organ is the liver, according to various authors, it accounts for up to 84% of all clinical observations. The probability of lung tissue involvement in the pathological process is 15%. Echinococcosis of other organs and tissues, as well as a combined lesion occurs in 25% of cases. Lesion of echinococcosis of muscle tissue is observed in 0.7–0.9% of all cases. The main method of treatment at present is surgery with its various options such as echinococcectomy, pericystectomy, resection.Objective. To demonstrate on the available clinical example the feasibility of using surgical treatment of EB of rare localization in the area on the anterior abdominal wall.Materials and methods. The result of treatment of a patient with echinococcosis of rare localization on the anterior abdominal wall is presented. The diagnosis is established in accordance with the available clinical recommendations. The examination was carried out using a standard set of clinical metols, and included: collection, analysis of complaints, as well as an anamnesis of life and disease. Standard clinical and biochemical studies were performed.Results. The hydatid form of echinococcosis with localization on the anterior abdominal wall is a rather rare pathology. However, treatment issues and diagnostic difficulties are quite relevant for doctors of various specialties. As a result of this clinical observation and the treatment, the patient recovered; after 17 months there was no data for a relapse of the disease.Conclusion. 1. Timely diagnosis of hydatid echinococcosis of any localization is fundamental in improving the results of treatment of this category of patients. 2. A multidisciplinary approach in the selection of therapeutic tactics, namely the appointment of chemotherapeutic effects before and after surgery, an active surgical one, allows to achieve a good therapeutic result.
Practical experience with adjustable, non-extensible compression bandages in patients with nonhealing trophic ulcers
Authors: Zotov S. P. , Shishmentsev N. B. , Vladimirskiy V. V. , Bogachev V. Yu. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The adjustable non-extensible compression bandage is a new product recently registered and approved for clinical use in the Russian Federation. The main indications for its use are severe chronic venous insufficiency and lymphedema, which cannot be corrected with traditional bandages and flat knit medical compressions. On the affected limb, an adjustable, non-extensible compression bandage allows high working pressure to be created at low, approaching zero, resting pressure. And depending on the tension of the velcro fastener, the working pressure can be adjusted between 20 and 50 mmHg or more. At the same time, the patient can maintain the actual pressure independently, regardless of the reduction in the volume of the limb. Low resting pressure makes it possible to use this type of bandage all day without the discomfort that is typical for traditional bandages and therapeutic compression knitwear felt by patients during sleep.Clinical case. Patient diagnosed with chronic lymphovenous insufficiency in both lower limbs. CEAP class C5 on the left, CEAP class C5 on the right. After undergoing acute iliofemoral thrombosis on the left, complicated by thromboembolism of small branches of the pulmonary artery, he was treated in a specialized vascular unit, where anticoagulant, antiplatelet and phlebotropic therapy was carried out. After the second episode of deep vein thrombosis, pain in the lower extremities, swelling of the tibia, skin itching and the appearance of small trophic ulcers started to worry, which temporarily closed against the background of increased compression therapy, prescription of phlebotropic drugs and local treatment. Subsequently, large trophic ulcers were formed on the inner surface of both shins above the ankle joint. An adjustable, non-extensible compression bandage was used on the right shin to correct chronic venous insufficiency and heal a trophic ulcer. The use of an adjustable, non-extensible compression bandage within 2 to 4 weeks resulted in the disappearance of chronic swelling, reduction of the pain syndrome, and then 5 months later – led to a reduction in trophic ulcer and the disappearance of infection signs.Conclusions. This clinical case of the successful closure of a large infected trophic ulcer that occurred after deep vein thrombosis against the background of coxarthrosis and which remained unhealed for 7 years clearly illustrates the broad possibilities of an adjustable, nonextensible compression bandage.
Clinical case of a patient with subungual melanoma
Authors: Pavlov Yu. I. , Volkov V. V. , Gromov I. A. , Kholopov A. A. 
Published: January 2021

Subungual melanoma is a rare malignant tumor, little known to practitioners. Its location makes diagnosis difficult and requires differentiation with conditions such as onychomycosis, panaritium, hematoma, etc. Unsymptomatic onset brings more problems, the error level during visual examination even among experienced oncologists reaches 25–40%, and the average life expectancy of patients with fully manifested melanoma is limited to 3–4 years.So we present a clinical case to emphasize the need for oncological alertness during an outpatient examination of the subungual lesions. A 32-year-old woman came to the reception complaining of a non-healing bleeding, relatively painless wound of the left little toe. The condition was associated with trauma, for about a month she treated the wound herself, “cauterizing” it with antiseptics.After outpatient treatment of a granulating wound, the material was sent for histological diagnosis, which showed the presence of pigmentless melanoma in the stage of active growth. The woman was urgently hospitalized in the oncology department, where 5th finger exarticulation and inguinal-iliac lymphadenectomy were performed successfully. After this, the condition remained stable, but 14 months later there was a formation in the area of the postoperative scar. A study of a new surgical material confirmed the recurrence of malignant melanoma with Clark invasion level 2.In our opinion, outpatient surgeons should not delay histological examination for all ulcerative and granulomatous lesions of the feet, which will improve the differential diagnosis.