bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global fading of the temperature–growth coupling at alpine and polar treelines
Authors: Camarero Jesús Julio , Gazol Antonio , Sánchez‐Salguero Raúl , Fajardo Alex , McIntire Eliot J. B. , Gutiérrez Emilia , Batllori Enric , Boudreau Stéphane , Carrer Marco , Diez Jeff , Dufour‐Tremblay Geneviève , Gaire Narayan P. , Hofgaard Annika , Jomelli Vincent , Kirdyanov Alexander V. , Lévesque Esther , Liang Eryuan , Linares Juan Carlos , Mathisen Ingrid E. , Moiseev Pavel A. , Sangüesa‐Barreda Gabriel , Shrestha Krishna B. , Toivonen Johanna M. , Tutubalina Olga V. , Wilmking Martin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractClimate warming is expected to positively alter upward and poleward treelines which are controlled by low temperature and a short growing season. Despite the importance of treelines as a bioassay of climate change, a global field assessment and posterior forecasting of tree growth at annual scales is lacking. Using annually resolved tree‐ring data located across Eurasia and the Americas, we quantified and modeled the relationship between temperature and radial growth at treeline during the 20th century. We then tested whether this temperature–growth association will remain stable during the 21st century using a forward model under two climate scenarios (RCP 4.5 and 8.5). During the 20th century, growth enhancements were common in most sites, and temperature and growth showed positive trends. Interestingly, the relationship between temperature and growth trends was contingent on tree age suggesting biogeographic patterns in treeline growth are contingent on local factors besides climate warming. Simulations forecast temperature–growth decoupling during the 21st century. The growing season at treeline is projected to lengthen and growth rates would increase and become less dependent on temperature rise. These forecasts illustrate how growth may decouple from climate warming in cold regions and near the margins of tree existence. Such projected temperature–growth decoupling could impact ecosystem processes in mountain and polar biomes, with feedbacks on climate warming.
Eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection decreases risk for dyslipidemia: A cohort study
Authors: Park Yewan , Kim Tae Jun , Lee Hyuk , Yoo Heejin , Sohn Insuk , Min Yang Won , Min Byung‐Hoon , Lee Jun Haeng , Rhee Poong‐Lyul , Kim Jae J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have suggested a relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and dyslipidemia; however, large‐scale longitudinal studies have not elucidated this association. This study assessed the longitudinal effects of H. pylori infection and eradication on lipid profiles in a large cohort.MethodsThis cohort study included 2,626 adults without dyslipidemia at baseline, who participated in a repeated, regular health‐screening examination, which included upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, between January 2009 and December 2018. The primary outcome was incident dyslipidemia at follow‐up.ResultsDuring the 10,324 person‐years of follow‐up, participants with persistent H. pylori infection had a higher incidence rate (130.5 per 1,000 person‐years) of dyslipidemia than those whose infections had been successfully controlled (98.1 per 1,000 person‐years). In a multivariable model adjusted for age, sex, waist circumference, smoking status, alcohol intake, and education level, the H. pylori eradication group was associated with a lower risk of dyslipidemia than the persistent group (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.77–0.95; p = 0.004). The association persisted after further adjustment for baseline levels of low‐density and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.79–0.97; p = 0.014).ConclusionsH. pylori infection may play a pathophysiologic role in the development of dyslipidemia, whereas H. pylori eradication might decrease the risk of dyslipidemia.
Histopathological diagnosis of tumour deposits in colorectal cancer: a Delphi consensus study
Authors: Lord Amy , Brown Gina , Abulafi Muti , Bateman Adrian , Frankel Wendy , Goldin Robert , Gopal Purva , Kirsch Richard , Loughrey Maurice B , Märkl Bruno , Moran Brendan , Puppa Giacomo , Rasheed Shahnawaz , Shimada Yoshifumi , Snaebjornsson Petur , Svrcek Magali , Washington Kay , West Nicholas , Wong Newton , Nagtegaal Iris 
Published: January 2021

AimsTumour deposits (TDs) are an important prognostic marker in colorectal cancer. However, the classification, and inclusion in staging, of TDs has changed significantly in each tumour–node–metastasis (TNM) edition since their initial description in TNM‐5, and terminology remains controversial. Expert consensus is needed to guide the future direction of precision staging.Methods and resultsA modified Delphi consensus process was used. Statements were formulated and sent to participants as an online survey. Participants were asked to rate their agreement with each statement on a five‐point Likert scale and also to suggest additional statements for discussion. These responses were circulated together with anonymised comments, and statements were modified prior to carrying out a second online round. Consensus was set at 70%. Overall, 32 statements reached consensus. There were concerns that TDs were currently incorrectly placed in the TNM system and that their prognostic importance was being underestimated. There were concerns regarding interobserver variation and it was felt that a clearer, more reproducible definition of TDs was needed.ConclusionsOur main recommendations are that the number of TDs should be recorded even if lymph node metastases (LNMs) are also present and that nodules with evidence of origin [extramural venous invasion (EMVI), perineural invasion (PNI), lymphatic invasion (LI)] should still be categorised as TDs and not excluded, as TNM‐8 specifies. Whether TDs should continue to be included in the N category at all is controversial, and did not achieve consensus; however, participants agreed that TDs are prognostically worse than LNMs and the N1c category is suboptimal, as it does not reflect this.
Modelling the impact of an HIV testing intervention on HIV transmission among men who have sex with men in China
Authors: Booton Ross D. , Ong Jason J. , Lee Amy , Liu Aifeng , Huang Wenting , Wei Chongyi , Tang Weiming , Ma Wei , Vickerman Peter , Tucker Joseph D. , Mitchell Kate M. 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesAn intervention developed through participatory crowdsourcing methods increased HIV self‐testing among men who have sex with men [MSM; relative risk (RR) = 1.89]. We estimated the long‐term impact of this intervention on HIV transmission among MSM in four cities (Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Jinan and Qingdao).MethodsA mathematical model of HIV transmission, testing and treatment among MSM in China was parameterized using city‐level demographic and sexual behaviour data and calibrated to HIV prevalence, diagnosis and antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage data. The model was used to project the HIV infections averted over 20 years (2016–2036) from the intervention to increase self‐testing, compared with current testing rates.ResultsRunning the intervention once would avert < 2.2% infections over 20 years. Repeating the intervention (RR = 1.89) annually would avert 6.4–10.7% of new infections, while further increases in the self‐testing rate (hypothetical RR = 3) would avert 11.7–20.7% of new infections.ConclusionsRepeated annual interventions would give a three‐ to seven‐fold increase in long‐term impact compared with a one‐off intervention. Other interventions will be needed to more effectively reduce the HIV burden in this population.
Perceptions of oral health education and practice among nursing students in Malaysia and Australia
Authors: Ahmad Mas S. , Abuzar Menaka A. , Razak Ishak A. , Rahman Sabariah A. , Borromeo Gelsomina L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveRepresenting the largest proportion of healthcare workers, nurses play a significant role in oral health (OH) maintenance as part of a larger effort to promote holistic patient care. The study aims to determine nursing students' perceptions of OH education and practice in Malaysian and Australian nursing schools.Materials and methodsA self‐administered questionnaire (content‐ and face‐validated) survey was undertaken, classroom style, amongst final‐year nursing students from selected Malaysian (n = 122, Response rate=97.6%) and Australian (n = 299, Response rate=54.7%) institutions. Quantitative data were analysed via Statistical Package for Social Science software (Chi‐square and Fisher's exact tests, p ≤ 0.01).ResultsSignificantly more Malaysian nursing students, compared to those in Australia, reported having encountered patients with OH issues (98.4% vs. 82.9%), namely halitosis (87.7% vs. 62.2%), oral ulcers (63.1% vs. 41.1%), oral/dental trauma (36.9% vs. 21.1%) and caries in children (28.7% vs. 7.7%). Less than half of Malaysian and Australian nursing students reported that they received adequate OH training (48.4% vs. 36.6%, p ≤ 0.01), especially in detecting oral cancer (18.0.0% vs. 22.6%, p ≤ 0.01) and preventing oral diseases (46.7% vs. 41.7%, p ≤ 0.01). Students in both countries demonstrated positive attitudes and believed in their role in OH care. Most students agreed that they should receive training in OH, especially in smoking cessation and providing OH care for patients with special needs. They also opined that a standardized evidence‐based oral hygiene protocol is needed.ConclusionSupport for education and practice in this area of patient care suggested positive implications for further development of nurses' roles in OH promotion and management.
MULTIMODALITY IN MACROFINANCIAL DYNAMICS
Authors: Adrian Tobias , Boyarchenko Nina , Giannone Domenico 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe estimate the evolution of the conditional joint distribution of economic and financial conditions. Although the joint distribution is approximately Gaussian during normal periods, sharp tightenings of financial conditions lead to the emergence of additional modes. The U.S. economy has historically resolved quickly to the “good” mode, but we conjecture that poor policy choices could lead to prolonged periods of multimodality. We argue that multimodality arises naturally in a macrofinancial intermediary model with occasionally binding financial constraints.
Si‐rich pressureless sintering of the gelcasted Ti3SiC2 bulk ceramic
Authors: Zhao Zhanchong , Li Xianhui , Zeng Xian , Liu Huayan , Zhang Yong , Zhang Xiaoxin , Yan Qingzhi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Si‐rich pressureless sintering was used to fabricate the Ti3SiC2 bulk ceramic. The results show that the optimized Ti3SiC2 suspension could be prepared at the absolute value of zeta potential, pH level, PAA‐NH4 dosage, and solid loading of 62.1 mV, 11, 2.0 wt%, and 50 vol%, respectively. The channels existing in the Si‐free sintered body facilitated the reactants and products to diffuse to the interior and out of the Ti3SiC2 matrix, thereby forming the porous reaction layer of TiC‐Ti3SiC2. The co‐effects of the channels and the reaction layer of TiC‐Ti3SiC2 severely lowered mechanical properties of the Si‐free sintered Ti3SiC2 ceramic. On the contrary, the Si‐rich sintering method isolated the volatile carbon and established a closed Si‐rich atmosphere to sinter the green Ti3SiC2 cylinder. The porosity, density, fracture toughness, hardness, and flexural strength of the Si‐rich sintered Ti3SiC2 ceramic reached 0.74 vol%, 4.36 g/cm3, 5.49 MPa·m1/2, 4.03 GPa, and 383 MPa, respectively.
Correlation of urinary loss rate after catheter removal and long‐term urinary continence after robot‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy
Authors: Tatenuma Tomoyuki , Makiyama Kazuhide , Ito Yusuke , Muraoka Kentaro , Hasumi Hisashi , Hayashi Narihiko , Kondo Keiichi , Nakaigawa Noboru , Yao Masahiro 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesTo assess the correlation of urine loss rate after catheter removal with long‐term continence after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy.MethodsWe enrolled 163 patients on whom robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy was carried out and whose urine loss rate we were able to evaluate after catheter removal. Urinary incontinence was evaluated from immediately after removal of the catheter to the date of discharge, and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. Urine loss rate was defined as the urine loss volume divided by the total urine volume.ResultsThe continence rates of patients with ≤1% urine loss rate on the day of catheter removal were 100% at 6 and 12 months after surgery. A multivariate analysis proved that ≤10% urine loss rate on the day of catheter removal was a significant predictor of continence at 3 months after surgery. Furthermore, the continence rate at 12 months of patients who did not achieve ≤10% urine loss rate on the day of catheter removal was 79.5%. Among them, the continence rate at 12 months of patients who achieved ≥15% urine loss rate improvement from the day of catheter removal to the next day was 95.2%; the factor differed significantly between the continence and incontinence groups at 12 months after surgery.ConclusionsThe urine loss rate on the day of catheter removal is significantly related to the acquisition of urinary continence. Furthermore, our findings suggest that long‐term urinary continence can be expected, even in the event of poor urine loss rate on the day of catheter removal, if it improves on the next day.
Tacrolimus (FK506) treatment protects allergen‐, IL‐5‐ and IL‐13‐induced mucosal eosinophilia
Authors: Kandikattu Hemanth Kumar , Venkateshaiah Sathisha Upparahalli , Verma Alok Kumar , Mishra Anil 
Published: January 2021

SummaryEosinophils are a common clinical feature associated with chronic allergic diseases, and elemental diets, systemic steroids, anti‐IL‐5 and anti‐IL‐13 treatment have shown some therapeutic promise. Herein, we present evidence that pre‐ and post‐intraperitoneal administration of tacrolimus (FK506) is very effective in reducing CCR3/Siglec‐F+ eosinophils in Aspergillus‐challenged asthma and EoE, CD2‐IL‐5 induced global eosinophilia, and DOX regulated IL‐13‐induced asthma. We used flow cytometry and anti‐major basic protein (MBP) immunostaining to examine eosinophils in the spleen, bone marrow, BALF, lung, oesophagus and intestine. Additionally, we also performed ELISA and Western blot analyses to show that tacrolimus treatment also reduces the levels of eosinophil‐specific cytokines IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐13 and TGF‐β, eosinophil‐specific chemokines Eotaxin‐1 and Eotaxin‐2, and progenitors of target RCAN1 mRNA and protein levels. Additionally, the current investigations also show that the TGF‐β‐mediated oesophageal and lung fibrosis is also reduced in Aspergillus‐challenged, CD2‐IL‐5 transgenic and DOX‐responsive IL‐13 mice. Mechanistically, we show that tacrolimus in vitro treatment inhibited bone marrow‐derived eosinophil proliferation and viability by promoting eosinophil apoptosis that may be associated with downregulation of RCAN1. Taken together, we provide in vivo and in vitro evidence that tacrolimus ameliorates eosinophil levels and associated pathogenesis in allergen‐, IL‐5‐ and IL‐13‐induced EoE, EG and asthma pathogenesis. Considering tacrolimus side‐effects and reactivity to several other drugs, we propose the topical use of tacrolimus for paediatric and low‐dose oral for adult patients as a novel therapeutic strategy for the clinical trial to reduce mucosal eosinophilia first in steroid‐refractory or elemental diet non‐responsive adult EoE, EG and asthma patients.
Digital platforms for development: Foundations and research agenda
Authors: Bonina Carla , Koskinen Kari , Eaton Ben , Gawer Annabelle 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDigital platforms hold a central position in today's world economy and are said to offer a great potential for the economies and societies in the global South. Yet, to date, the scholarly literature on digital platforms has largely concentrated on business while their developmental implications remain understudied. In part, this is because digital platforms are a challenging research object due to their lack of conceptual definition, their spread across different regions and industries, and their intertwined nature with institutions, actors and digital technologies. The purpose of this article is to contribute to the ongoing debate in information systems and ICT4D research to understand what digital platforms meanfordevelopment. To do so, we first define what digital platforms are and differentiate between transaction and innovation platforms, and explain their key characteristics in terms of purpose, research foundations, material properties and business models. We add the socio‐technical context digital platforms operate and the linkages to developmental outcomes. We then conduct an extensive review to explore what current areas, developmental goals, tensions and issues emerge in the literature on platforms and development and identify relevant gaps in our knowledge. We later elaborate on six research questions to advance the studies on digital platforms for development: on indigenous innovation, digital platforms and institutions, on exacerbation of inequalities, on alternative forms of value, on the dark side of platforms and on the applicability of the platform typology for development.
Paclitaxel coated balloon fibroplasty: A more effective treatment for chronic symptomatic lead/catheter related central venous obstruction?
Authors: Yacob Omar , Worley Seth , Brar Vijaywant , Towheed Arooge , Hadadi Cyrus , O'Donoghue Susan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCentral venous occlusion is a common complication following transvenous lead or therapeutic catheter placement that can present either acutely or chronically.
Basic fibroblast growth factor accelerates myelin debris clearance through activating autophagy to facilitate early peripheral nerve regeneration
Authors: Jiang Yongsheng , Liang Jiahong , Li Rui , Peng Yan , Huang JiangLi , Huang Lijiang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe successful removal of damaged myelin sheaths during Wallerian degeneration (WD) is essential for ensuring structural remodelling and functional recovery following traumatic peripheral nerve injury (PNI). Recent studies have established that autophagy involves myelin phagocytosis and cellular homoeostasis, and its disorder impairs myelin clearance. Based on the role of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on exerting neuroprotection and angiogenesis during nerve tissue regeneration, we now explicitly focus on the issue about whether the therapeutic effect of bFGF on supporting nerve regeneration is closely related to accelerate the autophagic clearance of myelin debris during WD. Using sciatic nerve crushed model, we found that bFGF remarkedly improved axonal outgrowth and nerve reconstruction at the early phase of PNI (14 days after PNI). More importantly, we further observed that bFGF could enhance phagocytic capacity of Schwann cells (SCs) to engulf myelin debris. Additionally, this enhancing effect is accomplished by autophagy activation and the increase of autophagy flux by immunoblotting and immune‐histochemical analyses. Taken together, our data suggest that the action of bFGF on modulating early peripheral nerve regeneration is closely associated with myelin debris removal by SCs, which might result in SC‐mediated autophagy activation, highlighting its insight molecular mechanism as a neuroprotective agent for repairing PNI.
Quantitative vibration perception threshold in assessing diabetic polyneuropathy: Should the cut‐off value be adjusted for Chinese individuals with type 2 diabetes?
Authors: Liu Min , Gao Yun , Chen Da‐Wei , Lin Shuang , Wang Chun , Chen Li‐Hong , Ran Xing‐Wu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo examine the performance and identify the optimal threshold of vibration perception threshold (VPT) for diagnosing diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) in a Chinese population according to multiple definitions of DPN as gold standards.Materials and MethodsVPT was determined in 421 Chinese individuals with type 2 diabetes, who simultaneously completed a questionnaire of neuropathic symptoms, and underwent the assessment of signs of peripheral neuropathy and electromyography tests. Three definitions of DPN (i.e., clinician‐diagnosed DPN, abnormal nerve conduction and confirmed DPN) were taken as reference gold standards.ResultsVibration perception threshold was a specific measure for all three groups of DPN outcomes, with the highest specificity noted for clinician‐diagnosed DPN (85.1%). The specificity for abnormal nerve conduction and confirmed DPN was 77.0 and 76.6%, respectively. The sensitivity of VPT was 67.0% for clinician‐diagnosed DPN, 66.5% for abnormal nerve conduction and 67.2% for confirmed DPN. The optimal cut‐off threshold for abnormal nerve conduction, as well as confirmed DPN, was VPT >14.9 V. The specificity and sensitivity of VPT >14.9 V as the cut‐off value for clinician‐diagnosed DPN were 85.6 and 66.2%, respectively. When taking clinician‐diagnosed DPN as the gold standard, the performance of VPT for diagnosing DPN was best with an area under the curve value of 0.804.ConclusionsVPT measured using the neurothesiometer had relatively high specificity and best performance for diagnosing DPN when clinician‐diagnosed DPN rather than abnormal nerve conduction was taken as the gold standard in a Chinese population. A VPT value of ≥15 V might be equally applicable for diagnosing DPN in a Chinese population.
Equine‐assisted psychotherapy with traumatized couples—Improvement of relationship quality and psychological symptoms
Authors: Willmund Gerd , Zimmermann Peter , Alliger‐Horn Christina , Varn Alexander , Fischer Christian , Parent Ilka , Sobottka Andreas , Bering Robert , Rose Carolyn , Ströhle Andreas , Köhler Kai 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMany traumatised individuals suffering from deployment related PTSD report severe problems in their relationships. Up until now, the therapeutic interventions used by the German Armed Forces have rarely targeted these problems through the integration of partners. For this reason, a Program designed specifically for couples was developed. In this prospective study equine‐assisted psychotherapy was applied to soldiers and their spouses. The study population consisted of n = 36 couples, divided in n = 20 therapy group with a inpatient equine‐assisted intervention and a 16‐couples control group. After the intervention, numerous significant improvements occurred in the therapy group in the areas of current, somatic and communication problems, depressive symptoms and partnership quality but not in the control group. PTSD was reduced significantly on the sub‐scale associated with negative thoughts. These results show that the intervention is an effective way to improve partnership quality and reduce the stressors that the partners of afflicted service members face.