bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital Humanities and Ottoman Studies 2.0
Authors: Aladağ Fatma 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Digital Humanities (DH) have revolutionized the way we approach historical and cultural studies by integrating advanced information technology, enriching our understanding of the humanities. This evolution is particularly evident in Ottoman studies, where DH tools have fostered a dynamic, analytical engagement with historical sources, moving beyond mere digitization to facilitate deeper, multidimensional analysis. This article examines the progress and current state of digital Ottoman studies, highlighting the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and the transformative potential of digital methodologies. Through a critical review of existing projects and potential future directions, it underscores the significant methodological shift towards “Digital Humanities and Ottoman Studies 2.0,” emphasizing a more a deeper, analytical discourse of the Ottoman history. This shift not only challenges traditional research boundaries but also democratizes access to knowledge, offering new insights into Ottoman studies. The integration of digital tools in Ottoman studies exemplifies the broader impact of DH on historical research, suggesting ongoing innovations and a promising future for the field.
Choć ty siadłszy płacz! Dylematy badacza frazematyki północnokresowej
Authors: Marszałek Marek 
Published: December 2024

Na przykładzie swoistej struktury typu choć ty siadłszy płacz Autor przedstawia problemy wynikłe w trakcie pracy nad sformalizowanym opisem frazematyki północnokresowej wyekscerpowanej z wileńskiej prasy i wydawnictw książkowych okresu 1949–1985, po czym prezentuje wycinek swoich badań poświęcony tej właśnie szczególnej strukturze. Wśród trudności wymienia m.in. brak zainteresowania badaczy frazematyką kresów północno- wschodnich, co skutkuje z jednej strony brakiem możliwości skonfrontowania stanowisk, z drugiej zaś dotkliwymi lukami w bazie materiałowej uniemożliwiającymi dokonywanie niezbędnych zestawień i porównań, wyznaczanie granic poszczególnych frazemów, precyzyjne ustalanie ich postaci formalnej i znaczeniowej, a także chronologii, zasięgu geograficznego, kręgu użytkowników. Braki te badacz musi uzupełniać na własną rękę, co bardzo opóźnia proces dochodzenia do rezultatów. Przeszkodą jest też ciągle niekompletny rejestr frazemów wschodniosłowiańskich i litewskich. Z kolei zastosowanie wobec całostki choć ty siadłszy płacz zasad opisu sformalizowanego doprowadziło do wykrycia, że jest ona tylko jedną z konkretnych realizacji tekstowych struktury _i, choć _j. Badanie wykazało, że taką strukturę formalną mają liczne frazemy. W kartotece Autora znalazło się 31 takich jednostek. Każdą poddał analizie i przedstawił w formie osobnej metryczki w odpowiedniej grupie. Wykazał, że wszystkie mają wzorce w językach wschodniosłowiańskich, niektóre także w litewskim; są kalkowane. Autor pokazał, że semantycznie frazemy mające postać _i, choć _j podzielić można na trzy grupy semantyczne. Jednostki zaliczone do tych grup zaś można potraktować reprezentacje swoistych „nadfrazemów”: _i, choć _j1, _i, choć _j 2 _ oraz _i, choć _j3.
A Cost Analysis of Opioid/Acetaminophen Therapy Versus a Multidrug, Opioid-Free Multimodal Postoperative Pain Control Regimen
Authors: Jackson James Benjamin , Bakaes Yianni , Kelly William , Bian Julia , Bookstaver Paul Brandon , York Aly , Gonzalez Tyler 
Published: December 2024

Background: Opioids are often part of the post-operative pain regimen after orthopaedic surgery. Novel multimodal post-operative pain control regimens have been developed to decrease the amount of opioid usage due to their negative side effects including nausea, constipation, and addiction. The purpose of this study was to compare the cost of postoperative pain management treatment methods after orthopaedic surgery between opioid/acetaminophen therapy and an opioid-free, multidrug, multimodal pathway. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of data collected from 2 IRB approved prospective studies that evaluated pain control after elective orthopaedic surgery from a single institution. The first study analyzed the use of opioid medication after hallux valgus surgery and calculated the total cost of opioid pain medication consumed. The second study assessed the pain of patients after elective foot and ankle surgery utilizing a novel opioid-free multimodal pain pathway that included 5 medications. The postoperative prescription costs of these 2 pain management groups were totaled, analyzed, and compared. A paired t-test was used to compare the means of these 2 groups and to evaluate whether significant differences might exist between them. Results: We noted that the opioid group had an average cost of $8.92 (SD $5.74), while the opioid-free multimodal group had an average total cost of $25.60 (SD $10.49), P < .001. The average difference in cost between the 2 regimens was $16.68. Conclusion: There was a statistically significant difference between the costs of an opioid-free multimodal post-operative pain regimen when compared to an opioid/acetaminophen therapy, irrespective of public vs private insurance. This 17-dollar cost difference may or may not be clinically significant depending on the financial situation of the patient, but it may be important for the clinician to consider to provide appropriate individualized patient care after orthopaedic surgery. Level of Evidence: II.
Informal Caregiving: Health System Cost Implications
Authors: Shearkhani Sara , Bai Yu Qing , Kuluski Kerry , Anderson Geoffrey M. , Wodchis Walter P. 
Published: December 2024

Background: Informal caregiving is seen as a low-cost substitute for care provided by health care professionals. However, caregiving is known to negatively impact caregivers’ health and, subsequently, their health care use and costs. This could potentially offset the caregivers’ contributions to the health care system. Objective: We examined the impact of caregiving on costs associated with caregivers’ use of publicly funded health care services in Ontario, Canada, in comparison with non-caregivers. Methods: We included Ontarians who participated in the Canadian Community Health Survey-Healthy Aging Supplement Survey of 2008/09 and linked responses to health care administrative databases. A difference-in-differences design was used to capture differences in caregivers’ and non-caregivers’ total health care costs 1 and 2 years before and after caregiving start date. Generalized Linear Models were used to model the total health care costs. Results: The sample size was 4275 with 1265 caregivers and 3010 non-caregivers. We found that while health care utilization increased over time, it increased by a lesser amount for caregivers than non-caregivers. Adjusted total health care costs for caregivers were 11.32% (SE = 0.05, ρ = 0.02) lower than non-caregivers 2 years into caregiving. Conclusions: Our study reveals a critical gap in policy, practice, and research driven by a lack of routine data collection and caregiver identification. It also highlights the need for additional longitudinal research focusing on caregivers’ objective health.
Teaching Technological Unemployment Through Role-Play: The Luddite Rebellion
Authors: McIntyre Ric 
Published: December 2024

This article describes a role-play conducted in a required undergraduate course in history of economic thought and contemporary heterodox economics. Students are given roles as landowners, professionals, capitalists, craftspeople, and workers in immediate post-Luddite Manchester, England. They have to grapple individually and collectively with the disruptive effects of new machinery on personal and social life. Based on their reflections students learned about the contradictory effects of new technology, exploitation and oppression in early industrial capitalism, and influences of economic ideas on action. They also gained experience in public speaking and collective organization. JEL Classification: A22, B1, O33
A Comparative Study of Fentanyl Versus Hydromorphone in Mechanically Ventilated Intensive Care Unit Patients
Authors: Beasley Sarah M. , Zaihra Rizvi Tasneem , Grgurich Philip E. 
Published: December 2024

Background: Although the SCCM PADIS guidelines suggest fentanyl or hydromorphone infusions for analgesia during mechanical ventilation (MV), few studies compare patient-centered outcomes. Objective: This study evaluated therapeutic outcomes and adverse effects of fentanyl and hydromorphone in MV intensive care unit patients. Methods: This single-center, retrospective cohort study evaluated adult MV patients who were intubated for 1 to 14 days and received either hydromorphone or fentanyl infusion for analgesia, while targeting light sedation. The primary endpoint was 28-day MV-free survival. Select secondary endpoints included cumulative and hourly opioid doses during MV, duration of MV, and time within goal pain and sedation score ranges during MV. Multivariate regression analysis was performed for patients intubated more than 72 hours. Results: A total of 238 patients were included; 144 received fentanyl and 94 received hydromorphone. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups with a median age of 66 years, weight 78 kg, and 33% female. Median 28-day MV-free survival was 22 and 21 days for the fentanyl and hydromorphone groups, respectively ( P = 0.36). Patients given fentanyl received higher cumulative opioid doses, expressed in fentanyl equivalents, during MV compared to hydromorphone-treated patients, 4241 (interquartile range [IQR] 1817-8146) mcg and 2448 (IQR 1012-4926) mcg ( P < 0.001), respectively, and higher hourly average doses, 55 (IQR 39-75) mcg/h and 37 (IQR 29-51) mcg/h ( P < 0.001), respectively. Conclusion and Relevance: There was no difference in 28-day MV-free survival with fentanyl- and hydromorphone-based analgesia, but hydromorphone was associated with lower cumulative and hourly opioid requirements.
Use of brain MRI and gene expression atlases to reconstruct the pathophysiology of autoimmune neurological disorders: The proof-of-concept of NMOSD
Authors: Cacciaguerra Laura , Storelli Loredana , Pagani Elisabetta , Preziosa Paolo , Mesaros Sharlota , Martinelli Vittorio , Moiola Lucia , Radaelli Marta , Ivanovic Jovana , Tamas Olivera , Drulovic Jelena , Filippi Massimo , Rocca Maria A 
Published: December 2024

Background: The understanding of disease pathophysiology is pivotal for tailored treatments. The spatial distribution of brain damage relies on the regional antigen expression and the local balance of susceptibility and protective elements. Objective: As proof-of-concept, we investigated the spatial association between brain damage and gene expression in aquaporin-4-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4 + NMOSD). Methods: In this multicenter cross-sectional study, 90 AQP4 + NMOSD patients and 94 age-matched healthy controls underwent a brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We used T2-hyperintense lesion probability maps and white/gray matter atrophy as proxies of inflammation and neurodegeneration. The association with the expression of 266 candidate genes was obtained with the Multimodal Environment for Neuroimaging and Genomic Analysis platform. A functional-enrichment analysis investigated overrepresented biological processes. Results: In AQP4 + NMOSD, T2-hyperintense lesions were mainly periventricular; atrophy mostly involved the visual pathway. The expression of AQP4 and complement (C4a and C5) was associated with both inflammation and neurodegeneration. Complement activation and regulation/uptake of the insulin-like growth factor were the most relevant enriched pathways. Nonspecific pathways related to DNA synthesis and repair were associated with brain atrophy. Conclusions: Quantitative MRI and gene expression atlas identified the key elements of AQP4 + NMOSD pathophysiology. This analysis could help in understanding the pathophysiology of antibody-mediated autoimmune disorders.
Can lexical and morphosyntactic dialect features be acquired by L3 speakers? The case of Poles in Tromsø
Authors: Castle Chloe , Jensberg Helene Ruud , Velnić Marta , Malarski Kamil , Jensen Isabel Nadine , Wrembel Magdalena 
Published: December 2024

Aims and Objectives/Purpose/Research Questions: There is scant literature on second dialect acquisition for both L1 and L2 speakers (Drummond, 2013; Gnevsheva et al., 2022), with no literature on L3 speakers. In this article, we focus on dialect acquisition in multilinguals, in participants’ third or additional language acquired in adulthood. We explore this in the context of Norway, a country with significant dialectal variation and where dialects have relative prestige. Design/Methodology/Approach: A translation task and an acceptability judgement task (AJT) were used to assess Polish–English–Norwegian speakers’ production (in the lexicon) and perception (in morphosyntax) of the Tromsø dialect. Data and Analysis: We assessed use of dialect forms in the translation task between groups (L1 Norwegian-L2 English and L1 Polish-L2 English-L3 Norwegian) with a linear mixed effects model. We also used Random Forests and a linear mixed effects model to assess dialect use within the L1 Polish group against seventeen sociolinguistic and linguistic variables. Finally, we used a linear mixed effects model to examine AJT responses between groups. Findings/conclusions: We find that some participants use the Tromsø dialect in production (albeit variably), and key predictors of this are how much they like the Tromsø dialect and passive language use in Norwegian. Participants do not appear to be sensitive to dialectal differences in morphosyntax. Significance/Implications: L3 learners who immigrated as adults can and do use the local dialect, and this use is modulated by social factors. In addition, such learners seem more able to use and exploit their knowledge of dialectal differences at the lexical level.
A New Design for Aortic Arch Surgery: Ex Vivo Implantation and Computerized Flow Evaluation of the ISLAND Graft
Authors: Chiariello Giovanni A. , Bruno Piergiorgio , Heijmen Robin , Mecozzi Gianclaudio , Mariani Massimo , Boumpouli Maria , Mazza Andrea , Pavone Natalia , Zamboni Paolo , Massetti Massimo , Zeitani Jacob 
Published: December 2024

Objective: Both the en bloc island technique and the branched graft technique (BGT) present advantages but also limitations in aortic arch surgery. Here is the first presentation of an innovative prosthesis for aortic arch replacement, conceived to overcome the disadvantages of both techniques. Methods: The novel ISLAND graft is a tubular Dacron or hybrid prosthesis with an additional extended Dacron graft (“bubble”) on the superior aspect, for en bloc island graft anastomosis. To verify the technical feasibility, following bench study, 3 prostheses were implanted in human cadavers in which the distal anastomosis was performed either in zone 2 or 3. A flow analysis and a computational simulation were performed in different configurations. The flows of the “full-bubble,” the “cut-bubble,” and the traditional branched grafts were compared. The wall shear stress, time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS), oscillatory stress index (OSI), and relative residence time (RRT) were compared in the 3 settings. Results: The novel prosthesis appeared easy to implant with significant technical advantages. The manipulation of epiaortic vessels was reduced with expected lower risk of neurologic events. The fenestration of the external cuff could be tailored to the island segment, thus eliminating most pathological aortic tissue. The flows in the supraortic branches were more favorable in the ISLAND graft, in which the angles of the branches were maintained, and with reduced cuff height (cut-bubble), in which higher values of TAWSS and lower values of OSI and RRT were calculated. Conclusions: The novel ISLAND graft device overcomes the disadvantages of the traditional island technique and benefits from the advantages of the BGT. Given the first results, the next step would represent the in vivo implantation.
Estimating treatment effects from a randomized controlled trial with mid-trial design changes
Authors: Paul Sudeshna , Choi Jaeun , Song Mi-Kyung 
Published: December 2024

Background In randomized controlled trials (RCTs), unplanned design modifications due to unexpected circumstances are seldom reported. Naively lumping data from pre- and post-design changes to estimate the size of the treatment effect, as planned in the original study, can introduce systematic bias and limit interpretability of the trial findings. There has been limited discussion on how to estimate the treatment effect when an RCT undergoes major design changes during the trial. Using our recently completed RCT, which underwent multiple design changes, as an example, we examined the statistical implications of design changes on the treatment effect estimates. Methods Our example RCT aimed to test an advance care planning intervention targeting dementia patients and their surrogate decision-makers compared to usual care. The original trial underwent two major mid-trial design changes resulting in three smaller studies. The changes included altering the number of study arms and adding new recruitment sites, thus perturbing the initial statistical assumptions. We used a simulation study to mimic these design modifications in our RCT, generate independent patient-level data and evaluate naïve lumping of data, a two-stage fixed-effect and random-effect meta-analysis model to obtain an average effect size estimate from all studies. Standardized mean-difference and odds-ratio estimates at post-intervention were used as effect sizes for continuous and binary outcomes, respectively. The performance of the estimates from different methods were compared by studying their statistical properties (e.g. bias, mean squared error, and coverage probability of 95% confidence intervals). Results When between-design heterogeneity is negligible, the fixed- and random-effect meta-analysis models yielded accurate and precise effect-size estimates for both continuous and binary data. As between-design heterogeneity increased, the estimates from random meta-analysis methods indicated less bias and higher coverage probability compared to the naïve and fixed-effect methods, however the mean squared error was higher indicating greater uncertainty arising from a small number of studies. The between-study heterogeneity parameter was not precisely estimable due to fewer studies. With increasing sample sizes within each study, the effect-size estimates showed improved precision and statistical power. Conclusions When a trial undergoes unplanned major design changes, the statistical approach to estimate the treatment effect needs to be determined carefully. Naïve lumping of data across designs is not appropriate even when the overall goal of the trial remains unchanged. Understanding the implications of the different aspects of design changes and accounting for them in the analysis of the data are essential for internal validity and reporting of the trial findings. Importantly, investigators must disclose the design changes clearly in their study reports.
Effect of artificial intelligence on economic growth in European countries: a symmetric and asymmetric cointegration based on linear and non-linear ARDL approach
Authors: Kalai Maha , Becha Hamdi , Helali Kamel 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe impact of accelerated advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) on economic development remains a topic of debate in the current era. It is thought by some that AI has the potential to stimulate economic development; however, the precise function of AI remains uncertain. In order to investigate the influence of AI on economic growth in 30 European countries between 2000 and 2021, this study employed both the symmetric (PMG-ARDL) and asymmetric (PMG-NARDL) models. The ARDL model's results suggest that AI has a stimulating effect on economic development. A 0.217% increase in long-term economic growth is associated with an increase in AI. In the NARDL model, the growth of the economy was observed to be increased by 0.026% as a result of positive shocks to the positive AI variable. Conversely, negative shocks were found to have a negative impact, with a decrease of 0.029% in economic growth. It is posited that AI may stimulate economic development by increasing efficiency, promoting economies of scale, enhancing the quality of products and services, and improving working conditions. Furthermore, the study identifies the displacement of employment, the rising costs of training and adaptation, and the expansion of economic and social inequality. To address these challenges, policymakers must facilitate the creation of alternative employment opportunities, promote the development of new AI-driven industries, and implement rehabilitation programs for workers at risk of automation. Balancing technological advancement with job preservation and high-quality employment necessitates a collaborative approach between public and private sectors.
The powerless bosses: the working day experience of bicycle messengers and its impact on their identities and wellbeing
Authors: Hjelle Iben Østin , Nordrum Helle , Wentzeck Julian-Werner , Teymoori Ali 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Bicycle messengers in the online food delivery sector typically work on an on-demand basis, have digitally mediated relationships with their employer, and have very limited labor rights. In this study, we explore how bicycle messengers themselves experience their workday and how platform work influences their identity and wellbeing.

Method
We conducted qualitative interviews with ten bicycle messengers working for Foodora and Wolt in Bergen and Oslo, Norway. We used reflexive thematic analysis to analyze the interviews.

Results
We discerned five themes related to the dynamics of autonomy versus algorithmic control, the reduction of workers’ identity to the courier role, lack of collegial bonding among bicycle messengers, physical demands and risks of the job, and the transitory nature of courier work.

Conclusion
The working experience of bicycle messengers is marked by a paradoxical sense of autonomy and powerlessness in the face of algorithmic control, a perceived sense of devaluation by others and its reproduction among their own colleagues, and competitive and at times hostile intra- and inter-group dynamics. We explore the implications of such working experiences for bicycle messengers’ wellbeing and identity within this newly evolving form of labor.