bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermo-Responsive Shape Memory Behavior of Methyl Vinyl Silicone Rubber/Olefin Block Copolymer Blends via Co-Crosslinking
Authors: Ren Q. , Wang X. J. , Zhao Y. Q. , Xu L. Q. , Yu H. W. , Ma A. J. , Zheng W. G. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are developed by blending and cross-linking polymers which include crystalline domains and cross-linked networks. In this paper, we describe the morphology, thermal and shape memory behavior of methyl vinyl silicone rubber (MVMQ)/olefin block copolymer (OBC) blends prepared by a melt-blending and chemical cross-linking method. MVMQ without crystalline domains could not hold its temporary shape. After introducing the OBC, the obtained blends exhibited excellent dual shape memory properties. The cross-linking networks of MVMQ acted as reversible domains, while crystalline regions of OBC worked as fixed domains. When the blending ratio of MVMQ/OBC was 50/ 50, the blend had both a high shape fixity ratio and shape recovery ratio.
The Effect of Silica Nanofiller on the Physical and Thermal Characteristics of Rubber-Based Composites
Authors: Chelli A. , Hemmouche L. , Ait-Sadi H. , Trache D. , Benziane M. , Ait-Sadi R. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The use of nano composites in elastomer blends gives outstanding mechanical properties compared to the use of micro and macro composites, even with very low nano filler content. In this paper, we studied the influence of varying proportions of natural rubber (NR) and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) reinforced with nano silica on the mechanical and thermal characteristics of the rubber. Mechanical characterizations were carried out with hardness, tensile strength, elongation at break, tear strength, modulus and toughness. For thermal analyses, we used differential scanning calorimetry ( DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). In most cases, the increase in the percentage of NBR with the presence of nano silica enhances hardness, modulus and toughness, however, it reduces tensile strength, tear strength and elongation at break. It was found that nano silica has a catalytic effect on the mixture, and NBR has a catalytic effect on the decomposition of NR.
Separation of bio-products by liquid–liquid extraction
Authors: Antony Fiona Mary , Pal Dharm , Wasewar Kailas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Solvent extraction one of the oldest approaches of separation known, remains one of the most well-known methods operating on an industrial scale. With the availability of variety of solvents as well as commercial equipment, liquid–liquid extractions finds applications in fields like chemicals and bio-products, food, polymer, pharmaceutical industry etc. Liquid–liquid extraction process is particularly suitable for biorefinery process (through conversion using microorganisms), featuring mild operational conditions and ease of control of process. The principles, types, equipment and applications of liquid–liquid extraction for bioproducts are discussed. Currently various intensification techniques are being applied in the field of liquid–liquid extraction for improving the process efficiency like hybrid processes, reactive extraction, use of ionic liquids etc, which are gaining importance due to the cost associated with the downstream processing of the fermentation products (20–50% of total production cost).
Chopin's Album Leaves and the Aesthetics of Musical Album Inscription
Authors: Goldberg Halina 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
During the nineteenth century, major composers—such as Schubert, Schumann, Wieck Schumann, Mendelssohn, Mendelssohn Hensel, Liszt, and Chopin—contributed musical compositions to a kind of volume known as a friendship album (also keepsake album, album amicorum, or Stammbüch). Album inscriptions penned by Fryderyk Chopin provide a lens through which we can study these compositions, thereby gaining an understanding of the ways in which musical meaning, genre, and text were governed by conventions of gift exchange. Complete compositions, musical fragments, and performative flourishes left in albums by music lovers as well as professional composers and performers took on the function of secular relics that were understood to preserve metaphysical traces of the inscribers, while handwriting was believed to represent the writer's character or momentary state of mind. These ideas intersect with a broader Romantic culture of collectorship. To invoke experiences and memories shared by the inscriber and the dedicatee, some composers engaged in dialogic relationships with mementos inscribed by others or employed intertextual references. An examination of these forms of interplay adds to our knowledge of the way context can shape the use and meaning of musical borrowing and allusion. The authors of inscriptions also employed intrinsically musical vocabulary to impart the sense distortions that neuroscientists and scholars of memory describe as typical of a recalled experience. Moreover, albums provided a censorship-free private venue for political and national discourses. These musical texts constitute a separate class of presentation manuscripts that serve a specific social function and audience.
An unusual case of struma ovarii
Authors: Koehler Viktoria F , Keller Patrick , Waldmann Elisa , Schwenk Nathalie , Kitzberger Carolin , Schmohl Kathrin A , Knösel Thomas , Stief Christian Georg , Spitzweg Christine 
Published: March 2021

Summary
Struma ovarii is a teratoma of the ovaries predominantly composed of thyroid tissue. Hyperthyroidism associated with struma ovarii is rare, occurring in approximately 8% of cases. Due to the rarity of struma ovarii, available data are limited to case reports and small case series.We report on a 61-year-old female patient with known Hashimoto’s thyroiditis on levothyroxine replacement therapy for years with transition to clinical and biochemical hyperthyroidism despite antithyroid medication with carbimazole (10 mg/day), new diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma and an adnexal mass suspicious of ovarian cancer. The patient underwent resection of the adnexal mass and histopathology revealed a mature teratoma predominantly composed of thyroid tissue showing high levels of sodium iodide symporter protein expression. Following struma ovarii resection and disappearance of autonomous production of thyroid hormones, the patient developed hypothyroidism with severely decreased thyroid hormone levels fT4 and fT3 (fT4 0.4 ng/dL, reference interval 0.9–1.7 and fT3 < 1.0 pg/mL, reference interval 2.0–4.4). This has previously been masked by continued thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression due to long-term hyperthyroidism pre-surgery indicating secondary hypothyroidism, in addition to primary hypothyroidism based on the known co-existing chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis of the orthotopic thyroid gland. Levothyroxine administration was started immediately restoring euthyroidism.This case illustrates possible diagnostic pitfalls in a patient with two concurrent causes of abnormal thyroid function.

Learning points:

Struma ovarii is an ovarian tumor containing either entirely or predominantly thyroid tissue and accounts for approximately 5% of all ovarian teratomas.

In rare cases, both benign and malignant struma ovarii can secrete thyroid hormones, causing clinical and biochemical features of hyperthyroidism.

Biochemical features of patients with struma ovarii and hyperthyroidism are similar to those of patients with primary hyperthyroidism. In such cases, thyroid scintigraphy should reveal low or absent radioiodine uptake in the thyroid gland, but the presence of radioiodine uptake in the pelvis in a whole body radioiodine scintigraphy.

We give advice on possible diagnostic pitfalls in a case with two simultaneous causes of abnormal thyroid function due to the co-existence of struma ovarii.
Influence of basalt micro-fibres on the abrasion resistance of concrete in hydraulic structures
Authors: Omoding Nicholas , Cunningham Lee S. , Lane-Serff Gregory F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn hydraulic structures, abrasion resistance can be a significant driver in concrete specification. Basalt micro-fibres represent a potentially sustainable construction product and have been shown to provide various benefits in concrete, however the implications for hydrodynamic abrasion resistance are to date unclear. This paper is the first investigation of its kind to examine the abrasion resistance of basalt fibre-reinforced (BFR) concretes using the ASTM C1138 underwater test method. Towards this, concretes incorporating fibre dosages of 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 3 kg/m3 were tested. The relationships between concrete abrasion and its fundamental mechanical properties are evaluated. For the particular concretes examined, it is found that based on the Shapiro-Wilks tests at 95% confidence, abrasion loss in BFR concretes followed a normal distribution; the use of basalt fibre in contents of up to 3 kg/m3 did not have a significant effect on abrasion resistance, compressive and tensile splitting strengths, as well as modulus of elasticity. It can be concluded that basalt micro-fibre can be used for their other attributes such as controlling bleeding, shrinkage and plastic cracking in concrete hydraulic structures without deleterious effects on abrasion resistance. The regression models proposed to predict concrete abrasion loss from its mechanical properties were found to be only significant at 48 h for compressive strength and 24 h for both tensile splitting strength and modulus of elasticity.
Kidney Failure Prediction Models: A Comprehensive External Validation Study in Patients with Advanced CKD
Authors: Ramspek Chava L. , Evans Marie , Wanner Christoph , Drechsler Christiane , Chesnaye Nicholas C. , Szymczak Maciej , Krajewska Magdalena , Torino Claudia , Porto Gaetana , Hayward Samantha , Caskey Fergus , Dekker Friedo W. , Jager Kitty J. , van Diepen Merel ,   the EQUAL Study Investigators
Published: March 2021

Significance Statement
Most kidney failure prediction models have been developed and validated in cohorts of patients with a wide range of disease severity, without accounting for the competing risk of death. Models recommended by guidelines, currently used in the clinic, have not undergone a head-to-head comparison. This study provides a comprehensive external validation of kidney failure prediction tools in two cohorts of patients with advanced CKD, taking the competing risk of death into account. Models that predict over a longer time frame of 5 years overestimate risk due to the competing risk of death. In patients with advanced CKD, the eight-variable 2-year Kidney Failure Risk Equation is recommended for short-term predictions surrounding preparation for RRT. The 4-year Grams model, which accounts for competing risk, is most suitable for longer-term predictions.

Background
Various prediction models have been developed to predict the risk of kidney failure in patients with CKD. However, guideline-recommended models have yet to be compared head to head, their validation in patients with advanced CKD is lacking, and most do not account for competing risks.

Methods
To externally validate 11 existing models of kidney failure, taking the competing risk of death into account, we included patients with advanced CKD from two large cohorts: the European Quality Study (EQUAL), an ongoing European prospective, multicenter cohort study of older patients with advanced CKD, and the Swedish Renal Registry (SRR), an ongoing registry of nephrology-referred patients with CKD in Sweden. The outcome of the models was kidney failure (defined as RRT-treated ESKD). We assessed model performance with discrimination and calibration.

Results
The study included 1580 patients from EQUAL and 13,489 patients from SRR. The average c statistic over the 11 validated models was 0.74 in EQUAL and 0.80 in SRR, compared with 0.89 in previous validations. Most models with longer prediction horizons overestimated the risk of kidney failure considerably. The 5-year Kidney Failure Risk Equation (KFRE) overpredicted risk by 10%–18%. The four- and eight-variable 2-year KFRE and the 4-year Grams model showed excellent calibration and good discrimination in both cohorts.

Conclusions
Some existing models can accurately predict kidney failure in patients with advanced CKD. KFRE performed well for a shorter time frame (2 years), despite not accounting for competing events. Models predicting over a longer time frame (5 years) overestimated risk because of the competing risk of death. The Grams model, which accounts for the latter, is suitable for longer-term predictions (4 years).
Studi Potensi Sampah Rumah Tangga Kota Banjarmasin sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Bioetanol
Authors: Wicakso Doni Rahmat , Mirwan Agus 
Published: March 2021

Bioetanol merupakan bahan bakar alternatif pengganti premium yang renewable dan ramah lingkungan. Salah satu bahan baku potensial untuk produksi bioetanol adalah sampah rumah tangga. Studi ini adalah untuk mempelajari potensi sampah rumah tangga Kota Banjarmasin sebagai bahan baku alternatif pembuatan bioetanol. Penelitian diawali dengan melakukan klasifikasi sampah rumah tangga menjadi 5 fraksi berdasarkan kandungan holoselulosanya di 5 kecamatan Kota Bnajarmasin. Klasifikasi sampah ini menggunakan metode sampling yang mengacu pada SNI 19-3964-1995. Yield etanol dihitung secara teoritis dari masing-masing fraksinya. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa sampah rumah tangga Kota Banjarmasin terdiri dari 54,76% sampah organik dan 45,24% sampah anorganik. Sampah fraksi 5 menyumbang jumlah sampah yang paling besar yaitu 34,48%. Potensi produksi etanol teoritis dari sampah rumah tangga di Kota Banjarmasin sebesar 199,40 kL/tahun.Kata kunci: sampah, rumah tangga, bioetanol
KEMAMPUAN MEMAHAMI TEKS EKSPLANASI PESERTA DIDIK KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 24 BANJARMASIN
Authors: Ramlah  , Jumadi  , Hermawan Sainul 
Published: March 2021

Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia ialah salah satu pelajaran yang wajib dilaksanakan di sekolah terutama di Indonesia. Pada kurikulum 2013 yang mengharuskan pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia berbasis teks. Diantaranya ialah teks eksplanasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan memahami teks eksplanasi peserta didik kelas VIII SMP NEGERI 24 Banjarmasin. Adapun aspek yang akan diteliti meliputi (1) aspek kebahasaan teks eksplanasi, dan (2) memahami isi teks eksplanasi. Metode yang digunakan ialah metode deksriptif kuantitatif. Kemudian, hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: 1) nilai yang diperoleh peserta didik dalam tes kemampuan memahami aspek kebahasaan teks eksplanasi adalah 77,69 dengan rincian 3,8% tidak mampu, 3,8% kurang mampu, 19,2% cukup mampu, 15,4% mampu, dan 57,8% sangat mampu memahami aspek kebahasaan teks eksplanasi, 2) nilai yang diperoleh peserta didik untuk tes kemampuan memahami isi teks eksplanasi adalah 71,61 dengan rincian 3,8% tidak mampu, 7.7% kurang mampu, 23,1% cukup mampu, 34,6% mampu, dan 30.8% sangat mampu.
KEMAMPUAN MEMAHAMI ISI CERPEN “PERSAHABATAN” KARYA YUKSINAU SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 26 BANJARMASIN
Authors: Indah Sari Yulita , Fatah Yasin Moh. , Taqwiem Ahsani 
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan kemampuan memahami isi cerpen ‘Persahabatan’ karya Yuksinau yang dibaca peserta didik kelas VIII SMP Negeri 26 Banjarmasin. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan analisis deskriptif. Pengambilan sampel 50% dari populasi, yakni sebanyak 92 orang menggunakan teknik menceritakan kembali cerpen yang dibaca berdasarkan tes lisan unsur-unsur pembangun cerpen. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan kemampuan memahami isi cerpen ‘Persahabatan’ karya Yuksinau yang dibaca siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 26 Banjarmasin termasuk dalam kategori mampu. Hal tersebut disebabkan oleh skor rata-rata hasil tes lisan kemampuan peserta didik yang memiliki kemampuan maksimal mencapai ≥77,0 dengan presentase 9,8% peserta didik yang “kurang mampu” dalam memahami isi cerpen dengan frekuensi tujuh orang, 30,4% peserta didik yang “cukup mampu” dalam memahami isi cerpen dengan frekuensi dua puluh delapan orang, 42,2% peserta didik yang “mampu” dalam memahami isi cerpen dengan frekuensi tiga puluh sembilan orang, dan 17,4% peserta didik yang “sangat mampu” dalam memahami isi cerpen dengan frekuensi enam belas orang, dan 0,2% peserta didik yang “belum mampu” dalam memahami isi cerpen dengan frekuensi dua orang.
IMPLIKATUR PERCAKAPAN DALAM NOVEL SIRKUS POHON KARYA ANDREA HIRATA DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA TERHADAP PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA DI SMA
Authors: Gita Amalia  , Maria L.A.S.  , Lita Luthfiyanti  
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini menguraikan implikatur percakapan pada novel Sirkus Pohon dan akan diimplementasikan pada pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia di SMA. Metode yang dipakai yaitu metode penelitian deskriptif dengan jenis penelitian kualitatif. Setelah melihat hasil analisis data pada novel Sirkus Pohon karya Andrea Hirata, terdapat 20 buah implikatur percakapan dengan 12 tujuan dari berimplikatur, yaitu: 1) memberikan sindiran; 2) memberikan persetujuan; 3) memberikan penegasan; 4) menyatakan permintaan; 5) memenuhi permintaan; 6) memberikan persyaratan; 7) memberikan penghormatan; 8) melakukan penolakan; 9) menyatakan rasa tidak percaya; 10) memberikan perintah; 11) memberikan peringatan; 12) membela diri. Pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia untuk tingkat SMA yang berhubungan dengan implikatur bisa diaplkasikan dalam memahami materi pembelajaran berupa sebuah teks. Aplikasinya ketika peserta didik mendapatkan sebuah teks, berupa teks anekdot, teks cerita (novel) sejarah, maupun sebuah buku fiksi, peserta didik mampu memahami teks tersebut secara tepat. Peserta didik dapat memahami makna yang ambigu, dan mendapatkan pesan yang tersirat dalam materi tersebut. Dengan demikian materi pembelajaran dapat dipahami dan tujuan pembelajaran tercapai.
DISOLVED OXYGEN PERFORMANCE IN DEGRADATION OF TOTAL PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS BY EX SITE ACTIVATED SLUDGE
Authors: Tuhuloula Abubakar 
Published: March 2021

Contamination of soil by the activities of exploration, production and disposal of oil waste into the environment causes serious damage to the environmental ecosystem, the target of processing by the activated sludge as a model for remediation of petroleum contaminated site. Optimization of oxygen supply becomes special attention in aerobic bioprocess for optimizing the growth of microorganisms to degrade total petroleum hydrocarbons. Thus, the study was focused on determining the performance of dissolved oxygen in degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons by ex situ activated sludge. The research used biological methods (bioremediation), with the ratio of contaminated soil to water was 20:80%(w/v) and a soil size 40/50 mesh. The degradation process was carried out with 15% and 20% (v/v) activated sludge put into the bioreactor slurry with a capacity of 4 liters and stirring was 90 rpm at a temperature of 30oC as well as aeration and nutrient injection into the bioreactor. TPH analysis was measured by the gravimetric method. The results obtained showed that the performance of dissolved oxygen increased well in the bioreactor slurry at 15% (v/v) and 20% (v/v) activated sludge concentrations was 3.31–8.57 mg/L and 3.5–8.21 mg/L respectively, which had an impact on the level of TPH degradation, namely from 18,000 µg/g to 2870 µg/g and 18,000 µg/g to 1970 µg/g during the 49 days remediation period. In general, activated sludge shows good performance throughout the remediation period.
Land temperature variability driven by oceans at millennial timescales
Authors: Hébert Raphaël , Herzschuh Ulrike , Laepple Thomas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Variations in regional temperature have widespread implications for society, but our understanding of the amplitude and origin of long-term natural variability is insufficient. This is especially the case for terrestrial temperature variability which is currently thought to be weak over long timescales. Here, we provide the first comprehensive estimate of regional temperature variability from annual to millennial timescales based on sedimentary pollen records and instrumental data from the Northern Hemisphere. We show that the short-term random variations are overprinted by strong ocean-driven climate variability on multi-decadal and longer timescales. This may cause substantial climate change at the regional scale in the coming century, contrasting the rather monotonous warming projected by climate models. Due to the marine influence, regions characterized by stable oceanic climate at sub-decadal timescales experience stronger long-term variability while continental regions with higher sub-decadal variability show weaker long-term variability. This fundamental relationship between the timescales provides unique insight into the mechanisms governing slow terrestrial climate variability and sets the basis to project its amplitude.
An Empirical Study on Physical Sub-Health Risk Perception: Physical Examination Data of Tertiary Grade-A Hospitals in Anhui Province, China
Authors: Jiang Xueli , Zhang Liping , Gao Yufei , He Chengsen , Tang Zhiru , Sun Jiangjie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Physical sub-health is directly related to people's work effectiveness and quality of life. Sub-health prevention has become an urgent medical problem. Current research on sub-health mainly focuses on the diagnosis, influencing factors and treatment. Based on the proposed physical sub-health risk perception scale, we explore the differences in the demographic factors and the mechanism of risk perception level on physical sub-health to provide data support for the management of public physical sub-health.Methods: Clinical and risk perception data were collected from 770 physical examinees, which were analyzed using SPSS 23.0, R, and Python software. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to investigate the correlation and multiple stepwise regression analysis was used to explore the influence of demographic variables on physical sub-health and risk perception. Also, this study used a two-way interaction moderated multiple regression approach to examine the moderating effects of demographic variables on physical sub-health and risk perception.Results: Attribute of living place, sub-health duration, marital status, average annual household income, risk perception level were negatively associated with physical sub-health (r= -0.07 ~ -0.17, P < 0.05). The risk perception level was positively correlated with education, attribute of living place,average annual household income, sub-health duration, number of employees in the unit and sub-health proportion in the unit (r= 0.09 ~0.26, P＜0.05), but negatively correlated with age (r= -0.11, P＜0.05). The number of children had a moderating effect on physical sub-health and risk perception (Interaction coefficient α= -0.3, P＜0.05).Conclusions: The factors directly affecting the physical sub-health included age, education, attribute of living place,sub-health duration and sub-health proportion in the unit, while the risk perception level, marital status and average annual household income were found to be indirect influencing factors. The number of children had a moderating effect on physical sub-health and risk perception. Therefore, we suggest attaching importance to public physical exercise and health checkups, correctly guiding public risk perception, and spreading the national policy of bearing and rearing better children etc. to promote the development of public physical health in China.