bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case study on the evaluation of discussion and debate learning effectiveness in a dental hygiene ethics class
Authors: Choi Yong‐Keum , Kim Eun‐Jeong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionThis study introduces the curriculum of a discussion‐based learning class for dental hygiene ethics education and evaluates the educational effect of discussion‐based learning as applied to a dental hygiene ethics class.Materials and methodsThis study was conducted with 48 sophomores from the Department of Dental Hygiene who took dental hygiene ethics in the second semester of 2019. For the DBL class, the following steps were conducted: (1) a pre‐class group activity (discussion); (2) a group presentation and team discussion; and (3) a discussion among all groups. To improve the ability to aggregate, organise, and prepare the learner's resources, data, information search skills, and opinions by the team and to improve communication skills by actively listening to other people's opinions, the presentation team's opinions were modified after the discussion, and the performance of rational opinions on topics was added. The professor provided feedback and summarised and ended the discussion. The survey was conducted before and after the DBL class.ResultsConcerning critical thinking ability, critical objectivity increased significantly from 8.88 before to 9.38 after the DBL class, and critical confidence also increased significantly. The change in professional attitude significantly increased from 3.21 out of 5 points before the DBL class to 3.53 after the DBL class in the logical and critical thinking skills category and significantly increased from 3.27 to 3.66 in decision‐making skills.ConclusionTeaching methods applied in DBL classes, not traditional lecture‐style classes, consistent with changing educational paradigms, are very effective and should change gradually. These results will be particularly helpful to faculty members who are inexperienced in DBL courses and performance but interested in them.
Priority effects and the macroevolutionary dynamics of biodiversity
Authors: Reijenga Bouwe R. , Murrell David J. , Pigot Alex L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPriority effects can play a fundamental role in the assembly of ecological communities, but how they shape the dynamics of biodiversity over macroevolutionary timescales remains unclear. Here we develop and analyse a metacommunity model combining local priority effects with niche evolution, speciation and extinction. We show that by promoting the persistence of rare species, local priority effects cause the evolution of higher metacommunity diversity as well as major disparities in richness among evolutionary lineages. However, we also show how classic macroevolutionary patterns of niche incumbency—whereby rates of regional diversification and invasion slow down as ecological niches are filled—do not depend on local priority effects, arising even when invading species continuously displace residents. Together, these results clarify the connection between local priority effects and the filling of ecological niche space, and reveal how the impact of species arrival order on competition fundamentally shapes the generation and maintenance of biodiversity.
Transnational families and return in the age of deportation: The case of indigenous Ecuadorian migrants
Authors: Berg Ulla D. , Herrera Gioconda 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecent social science research has highlighted the chaos imposed by detention and deportation policies on migrant families and communities. This paper expands on these discussions by examining the role of transnational family dynamics as people experience detention, deportation, reintegration and/or remigration. Analysing five exemplary cases of indigenous Ecuadorian families drawn from a larger sample, we highlight the reconfigurations of transnational social relations resulting from these cycles of (im)mobility. We argue that transnational family support structures play a crucial role in the reconfiguration of families affected by deportation by combining material and emotional support and healing with social control. Our findings suggest that the social, emotional, and economic effects of deportation over time are shaped both by family and community contexts of reception and by migrants’ own gender, class, life‐course stage, time spent in the United States, and migration experiences. These findings allow us to conclude that deportation is a heterogeneous social and temporal process that does not impact families uniformly but in fact unfolds in diverse ways within family situations where social relationships, gender roles, care arrangements, and social expectations for the most part are already profoundly transnationalised and reconfigured by migration.
Preservation of strawberry fruit quality via the use of active packaging with encapsulated thyme essential oil in zein nanofiber film
Authors: Ansarifar Elham , Moradinezhad Farid 
Published: May 2021

SummaryStrawberry is highly perishable with a short shelf life mainly due to physiological deterioration and microbiological decay. Thyme essential oil (TEO), which is a natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agent, encapsulated in zein (Z) nanofiber could be used by electrospinning to examine the ability of the nanofiber for strawberry quality preservation. Test groups were designated as zein nanofiber film, and zein loaded with TEO nanofiber film (Z/TEO). The fruit packed in PET container without film on its lid was used as the control group. Packages of fruits were then stored in a cool room at 4 ± 0.5 °C and 85 ± 5% RH for 15 days. Results indicated that the scanning electron microscopy images of nanofibers had a linear morphology, smooth surface and bead‐free structure. Fourier transform infrared also showed that the encapsulation of TEO in the zein was a physical process and no chemical interactions occurred between ingredients during electrospinning. Moreover, differential scanning calorimetry data confirmed the thermal stability of TEO encapsulated in zein nanofibers. Active packaging including nanofiber films significantly preserved the biochemical and microbial properties of fruit. Indeed, stored fruit in packages containing nanofiber Z/TEO (Zein loaded with TEO nanofiber film) significantly (p˂0.05) lowered total bacterial counts, fungi and yeast, and maintained the total phenols content, antioxidant activity and titratable acidity of the strawberries during 15 days of storage at 4 °C. In conclusion, this study revealed the benefits of incorporating TEO into zein films, which may have a great potential in active packaging and preservation of strawberry fruits.
Barriers to research utilization influencing patient safety climate: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ferreira Maria Beatriz Guimarães , dos Santos Felix Márcia Marques , de Souza Lopes Rebeca Ainoã , Haas Vanderlei José , Galvão Cristina Maria , Barbosa Maria Helena 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to investigate the influence of barriers to the use of research results in the practice of nurses on patient safety perception.BackgroundThe use of research results in clinical practice promotes safe care, increases quality and reduces the possibility of adverse events.DesignThis is a cross‐sectional study.MethodsThe sample consisted of 207 nurses from three public university hospitals in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil from March 2017 to November 2018. They answered a questionnaire with professional characteristics, The Barriers Scale and Safety Attitudes Questionnaire. Descriptive analysis, Student's t test, Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression were used for data analysis.ResultsThe findings showed most nurses had unfavourable competencies for implementing research results in practice. As barrier scores for the use of research results in practice increase, safety climate scores decrease. Taking a training course on the use of research results in clinical practice and organization characteristics, limitations of the setting were statistically significant, constituting factors that influence the perception of the safety climate.ConclusionInvestments in education are needed for health professionals to be aware of evidence‐based practice and how to use evidence to impact decision‐making outcomes, strengthening safety outcomes in health services.
Age and growth of the tropical oviparous shark, Chiloscyllium punctatum in Indonesian waters
Authors: Fahmi  , Kurniawan Wanwan , Tibbetts Ian R. , Oktaviyani Selvia , Dudgeon Christine L. , Bennett Michael B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe brown‐banded bamboo shark, Chiloscyllium punctatum, is the most common shark caught in coastal commercial fisheries throughout Southeast Asia, yet there is a lack of the life‐history information necessary for reliable stock assessments. The authors estimated growth rates and age at maturity using analysis of growth bands in vertebral centra. They trialled four different techniques to enhance the visibility and improve identification of the putative annual growth bands necessary for age estimation. The authors found that the burn method on whole vertebral centra provided the most readable and consistent results for age analysis. The logistic model was chosen as the best‐fit growth model for age estimation of 330 individual C. punctatum from Indonesia. Several age verification methods, including marginal increment ratio and length‐frequency analysis, were performed with the support of age validation through the use of calcein‐labelled vertebrae from two sharks maintained in captivity. This study found that C. punctatum from Indonesian waters is a fast‐growing species that can grow up to 18 cm year−1, reach an estimated maximum total length of 1 m, mature at c. 6.5 years and live for up to 14 years.
A tailored flexible vaginal pessary treatment for pelvic organ prolapse in older women
Authors: Gold Ronen S. , Baruch Yoav , Amir Hadar , Gordon David , Groutz Asnat 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo present a flexible protocol of vaginal pessaries for older women with significant pelvic organ prolapse (POP).DesignA prospective cohort study of 140 consecutive older women (aged ≥65 years) with significant POP treated with individually fitted vaginal pessaries. After initial insertion, each patient was invited for a first evaluation after 1 month and subsequent follow‐ups at increasing intervals of 1 month. During each examination, the pessary was removed and the vagina was inspected for infection, bleeding, or erosions. All patients were advised to use a vaginal estrogen cream twice a week.SettingThe study was conducted during 2020 in the urogynecology clinic of a tertiary medical center.ParticipantsThe study cohort included 140 consecutive older women with significant and symptomatic POP treated with vaginal pessaries.Main outcomePrimary outcomes included time intervals between follow‐up visits, pessary‐associated complications, need to change the pessary, need to remove the pessary temporarily, and whether the patients eventually underwent POP surgery.ResultsThe mean age of the patients at the time of pessary fitting was 76.7 ± 9.2 years (range 65–100 years). Mean interval between follow‐up examinations was 3.3 ± 1.1 months (range 1–6 months). Most patients (83.6%) used a ring pessary with support, but only a small number of patients were able to maintain the pessary by themselves. Of the 140 patients, five (3.6%) patients only eventually underwent POP surgery, and in 11 (7.9%) patients, the vaginal pessary had to be removed for 2–4 weeks because of significant vaginal discharge or superficial erosions. Additionally, 12 (8.6%) patients developed stress urinary incontinence following pessary insertion.ConclusionsCustomized management with vaginal pessary for symptomatic POP in older women is effective and safe, and is a suitable therapeutic alternative for older women who are unable or unwilling to undergo reconstructive pelvic surgery.
Coping and growing in dilemma: Clinical work experience of front‐line nurses in Wuhan during the early stage of COVID‐19 epidemic
Authors: Xu Fen , Tang Ju‐ping , Lu Sha , Fang Hong‐wei , Dong Lili , Zhou Yun‐xian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo deeply explore the experience of front‐line nurses who participated in rescuing Wuhan during the early stage of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) epidemic.MethodsUsing a descriptive qualitative design, individual semi‐structured interviews were conducted between February 25 and March 5, 2020. A conventional content analysis method was used in data analysis to extract themes and sub‐themes.ResultsSix themes emerged after data analysis: (a) worries and stress during rescue; (b) difficulties encountered during rescue; (c) experience of team work; (d) experience of interaction with COVID‐19 patients; (e) experience of logistic support and widespread concern; and (f) value and significance of the experience.ConclusionsNurses took on difficult missions in the rescue and played an irreplaceable role. They experienced remarkable psychological changes over the intensive work. It was necessary to understand the feelings and problems of the nurses so as to establish a healthcare system that can protect medical staff effectively in future disasters.
A nephroprotective iodinated contrast agent with cardioprotective properties: A pilot study
Authors: Rowe Elizabeth S. , Rowe Vernon D. , Hunter John , Gralinski Michael R. , Neves Liomar A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and PurposeEvaluation and treatment of acute ischemic syndromes, in the heart and brain, require vessel visualization by iodinated X‐ray contrast agents. However, these contrast agents can induce injury, in both the kidneys and target organs themselves. Sulfobutylether beta cyclodextrin (SBECD) added to iohexol (SBECD‐iohexol) (Captisol Enabled‐iohexol, Ligand Pharmaceuticals, Inc, San Diego, CA) is currently in clinical trials in cardiovascular procedures, to determine its relative renal safety in high‐risk patients. Preclinical studies showed that SBECD‐iohexol reduced contrast‐induced acute kidney injury in rodent models by blocking apoptosis. The current study was undertaken to determine whether SBECD‐iohexol is also cardioprotective, in the male rat ischemia‐reperfusion model, compared to iohexol alone.MethodsAfter anesthesia, the left coronary artery was ligated for 30 min and the ligation released and reperfusion followed for 2 h prior to sacrifice. Groups 1–4 were injected in the tail vein 10 min prior to ischemia with: (1) vehicle; (2) iohexol; (3) SBECD; and (4) SBECD‐iohexol. Infarct size, hemodynamics, and serum markers were measured.ResultsAn eight‐fold increase in serum creatine kinase in the iohexol‐alone group was observed, compared with no increase in the SBECD‐iohexol group. The mean arterial pressure and rate pressure product were depressed in the iohexol‐alone group, but not in the SBECD‐iohexol group, or controls. No difference in infarct size or serum creatinine among the groups was observed.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that SBECD‐iohexol is superior to iohexol alone, for both the preservation of cardiomyocyte integrity and preservation of myocardial function in myocardial ischemia.
CULTURAL APPROPRIATION IN BIOREGIONALISM AND THE NEED FOR A DECOLONIAL ETHICS OF PLACE
Authors: Wiebe Joseph 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBioregionalism is an environmental movement that attempts to create decentralized, self‐determined communities connected to landscape and ecological features. Activists and scholars have used the phrase “becoming native” to describe the process of belonging to place. Despite its cultural appropriation, not only do bioregional writers still use the metaphor, but it has also been defended within religious studies. Instead of relying on these arguments to address ethical issues, claims to place need a decolonial framework. Looking at various voices within bioregionalism through Indigenous critiques displays both the movement’s issues as well as decolonial processes for local adaptation. Wendell Berry exemplifies the problems of bioregional ethics but also shows bioregionalism's capacity for decolonization.
Left behind again: Rural home health services in a Medicaid pediatric accountable care organization
Authors: Hardy Rose Y. , Liu Gilbert C. , Conkol Kimberly J. , Gleeson Sean P. , Kelleher Kelly J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeTo contrast trends in rural and urban pediatric home health care use among Medicaid enrollees.MethodsMedicaid administrative claims data were used to assess differences in home health care use for child members in a large pediatric accountable care organization (ACO) in Ohio. Descriptive statistics assessed rural and urban differences in health care use over a 10‐year period between 2010 and 2019.FindingsPediatric home health care use increased markedly in the low‐income (CFC) and disabled (ABD) Medicaid categories. Over the past 10 years, CFC‐enrolled children from urban communities have seen more home health visits, fewer emergency department (ED) visits, and more well child visits compared to rural CFC‐enrolled children. Children enrolled due to disabilities in urban communities have also seen more home health visit use but fewer preventive care visits than their rural counterparts.ConclusionsWithin a pediatric ACO, rural home health care use has remained relatively stagnant over a 10‐year period, a stark contrast to increases in home health care use among comparable urban populations. There are likely multiple explanations for these differences, including overuse in urban communities, lack of access in rural communities, and changes to home health reimbursement. More can be done to improve rural home health access. Such improvement will likely necessitate large‐scale changes to home health care delivery, workforce, and financing. Improvements should be evaluated for return‐on‐investment not only in terms of direct costs, that is, reduced inpatient or ED costs, but also in terms of patient and family quality‐of‐life or key indicators of child well‐being such as educational attainment.
Can bronchoconstriction and bronchodilatation in horses be detected using electrical impedance tomography?
Authors: Secombe Cristy , Adler Andy , Hosgood Giselle , Raisis Anthea , Mosing Martina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundElectrical impedance tomography (EIT) generates images of the lungs based on impedance change and was able to detect changes in airflow after histamine challenge in horses.ObjectivesTo confirm that EIT can detect histamine‐provoked changes in airflow and subsequent drug‐induced bronchodilatation. Novel EIT flow variables were developed and examined for changes in airflow.MethodsBronchoconstriction was induced using stepwise histamine bronchoprovocation in 17 healthy sedated horses. The EIT variables were recorded at baseline, after saline nebulization (control), at the histamine concentration causing bronchoconstriction (Cmax) and 2 and 10 minutes after albuterol (salbutamol) administration. Peak global inspiratory (PIFEIT) and peak expiratory EIT (PEFEIT) flow, slope of the global expiratory flow‐volume curve (FVslope), steepest FVslopeover all pixels in the lung field, total impedance change (surrogate for tidal volume; VTEIT) and intercept on the expiratory FV curve normalized to VTEIT(FVintercept/VTEIT) were indexed to baseline and analyzed for a difference from the control, at Cmax, 2 and 10 minutes after albuterol. Multiple linear regression explored the explanation of the variance of Δflow, a validated variable to evaluate bronchoconstriction using all EIT variables.ResultsAt Cmax, PIFEIT, PEFEIT, and FVslopesignificantly increased whereas FVintercept/VT decreased. All variables returned to baseline 10 minutes after albuterol. The VTEITdid not change. Multivariable investigation suggested 51% of Δflow variance was explained by a combination of PIFEITand PEFEIT.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceChanges in airflow during histamine challenge and subsequent albuterol administration could be detected by various EIT flow volume variables.
Getting airtime: Exploring how patients shape the stories they tell health practitioners
Authors: Koopman Wilma J. , LaDonna Kori A. , Anne Kinsella Elizabeth , Venance Shannon L. , Watling Christopher J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionEffective communication during health encounters is known to decrease patient complaints, increase patient adherence and optimise health outcomes. While the aim of patient‐centred care is to find common ground, health practitioners tend to drive the encounter, often interrupting patients within the first minute of the clinical conversation. Optimal care for people with chronic illnesses requires individuals to interact with health practitioners regarding their health concerns, but given these constraints, we know little about how patients strategise conversations with their care providers. This understanding may further our efforts to educate health practitioners and trainees to learn and practice patient‐centred care.MethodsA constructivist grounded theory approach with iterative data collection and analysis was used to explore the processes patients use to present and shape their stories for interactions with health practitioners. Twenty‐one patients (n = 16 female; 5 male) representing a variety of chronic illnesses participated in semi‐structured interviews. Using the constant comparative method of analysis, salient themes were ascertained.ResultsPatients engage in extensive strategic preparations for productive health encounters. From the data, we identified four related elements comprising patients’ process of planning, preparing, and strategising for health encounters: deciding to go, organising to get airtime, rehearsing a game plan, and anticipating external forces. By focusing on the extensive preparatory work patients engage in, our study expands the dimensions of how we understand illness‐related work. Assembling personal health information, gathering disease information and achieving equanimity represent the dimensions of this ‘health interaction work’.ConclusionThe work patients engage in for health encounters is noteworthy yet often invisible. And work that is unseen may also be undervalued. Acknowledging, illuminating and valuing patients’ preparatory work for health encounters add to how we understand patient‐centred care, and this offers new targets for us to effectively teach and deliver it.
TRAS: Validity and sensitivity of a language assessment tool for children with ASD
Authors: Hansén‐Larson Johan , Bejnö Hampus , Jägerskogh Elin , Eikeseth Svein , Klintwall Lars 
Published: May 2021

Interventions for preschool children with autism typically require professionals and parents to identify which social and language skills the individual child shows deficits in. Many assessment tools aimed at identifying such deficits exist, but they often require extensive training to use. The present study investigated the potential usefulness for said assessment purposes of the Norwegian assessment tool, TRAS – “Tidig Registrering Av Språkutveckling” (i.e. Nordic acronym for assessment of early language development), which can be used by preschool teachers without any specific training. Participants were 54 children with ASD, aged 2–5 years, enrolled in a behavioral intervention program. Participants were scored using TRAS at three time points during treatment to investigate TRAS’ sensitivity for detecting change. Only participants who had TRAS scores registered at all three time points were used for this analysis (n = 27). At intake, children were also scored using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, the results of which was then compared to TRAS scores. Results showed that TRAS scores increased significantly across time points, indicating that the tool is sensitive to treatment effects. TRAS scores also correlated significantly with Vineland communication subscale (n = 50), indicating that the measure can be used to measure language abilities in children with ASD. We conclude that TRAS is a potential alternative to more comprehensive language assessment tools for children with ASD.