bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IDENTIFICATION OF DEVICES AND SYSTEMS OF NARRОWBAND WIRELESS NETWORKS OF THE INTERNET OF THINGS. PART I
Authors: Бородин А.С. , Киричек Р.В. , Сазонов Д.Д. , Рожков М.А. , Колесников А.В. , Бирман А.А. , Рогдев А.Н. 
Published: July 2021

Представлено описание системы идентификации на базе архитектуры цифровых объектов (Digital Object Architecture DOA), которая в настоящее время рассматривается в качестве приоритетной для идентификации устройств и приложений интернета вещей. Приведен анализ альтернативных идентификаторов и показаны преимущества DOA как для задач идентификации, так и для борьбы с контрафактом. В первой части статьи рассмотрены основные положения, связанные с идентификацией устройств интернета вещей, проведен анализ существующих подходов и решений по идентификации. Дано описание базовых компонентов архитектуры цифровых объектов DOA и дана оценка возможности ее применения для построения систем идентификации.
A description of an identification system for IoT devices based on the Digital Object Architecture (DOA) is given. The analysis of alternative identifiers is carried out. The advantages of DOA for both identification and counterfeiting tasks have been shown. The first part of the article discusses the main provisions related to the identification of IoT devices.
Klasifikasi Patah Tulang Dasar Kepala
Authors: Ridhoni Muhammad , Prasetyo Eko , Lampus Harsali L. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract: Skull base fracture is a linear fracture that commonly occurs in the temporal cranium. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often found and handled in the emergency department is head trauma and traffic accident is the main cause of base skull fracture. Approximately 25%-66% of traffic accidents cause fracture of the skull base according to the fracture site. This study was aimed to obtain the classification of skull base fractures and the most common types of classification. This was a literature review study using three databases, namely Google Scholar, ClinicalKey, and PubMed. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, there were 14 literatures reviewed consisting of 1 retrospective study, 2 clinical reviews, 1 literature review, 3 review articles, 2 prospective studies, 3 case reports, 1 descriptive study, and 1 case study. These articles reviewed the classification of skull base fracture. The classification of each section was arranged based on the mechanism and location of skull base fractures. In conclusion, the classification of skull base fracture is divided into anterior, middle and posterior fossa cranii fractures. Fractures of the middle cranii fossa is the most common case and of the posterior cranii fossa is the rarest case.Keywords: traumatic brain injury (TBI); skull base fractures; fracture classification Abstrak: Patah tulang dasar kepala merupakan jenis fraktur linier yang umum terjadi pada bagian temporal kranium. Kasus trauma yang sering ditemukan dan ditangani di unit gawat darurat ialah trauma kepala. Kecelakaan lalu lintas (KLL) merupakan penyebab utama fraktur basis kranii. Sekitar 25-66% kasus KLL menyebabkan kejadian fraktur basis kranii sesuai lokasi fraktur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis klasifikasi patah tulang dasar kepala dan jenis klasifikasi yang paling sering terjadi. Jenis penelitian ialah suatu literature review. Literatur diperoleh dengan menggunakan beberapa database, seperti Google Scholar, ClinicalKey, dan PubMed. Berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi didapatkan 14 literatur terdiri atas 1 retrospective study, 2 clinical review, 1 literature review, 3 review article, 2 prospective study, 3 case report, 1 descriptive study, dan 1 case study. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 14 literatur mengulas tentang klasifikasi patah tulang dasar kepala dan klasifikasi setiap bagian disusun berdasarkan mekanisme fraktur dan lokasi fraktur yang terjadi. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah secara garis besar klasifikasi patah tulang dasar kepala terbagi atas fraktur fossa kranii anterior, media, dan posterior. Kasus fraktur fossa kranii media merupakan kasus yang paling sering terjadi dan kasus fraktur fossa kranii posterior merupakan kasus yang paling jarang terjadi.Kata kunci: trauma kepala; patah tulang dasar kepala; klasifikasi fraktur
PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP KINERJA UNIT PENDIDIKAN MASYARAKAT DAN REKAYASA (DIKYASA) SAT LANTAS POLRES DUMAI
Authors: Hijeriah Encik maznah 
Published: July 2021

Lalu lintas memegang peranan vital dalam memperlancar pembangunan yang dilaksanakan di suatu daerah. Masalah lalu lintas merupakan salah satu masalah berskala nasional yang berkembang seirama dengan perkembangan masyarakat. Persoalan yang dihadapi dewasa ini adalah masih tingginya angka kecelakaan lalu lintas di jalan raya. berdasarkan observasi yang dilakukan masih ditemukan gejala masalah yaitu: Bagaimana Kinerja Kinerja Unit Pendidikan Masyarakat Dan Rekayasa (Dikyasa) Sat Lantas Polres Dumai.
Adapun Tuuan dan kegunaan penelitian yaitu : Untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis kinerja Satlantas Polres Dumai pada Unit Pendidikan dan Rekayasa Lalu Lintas (Unit Dikyasa), Mengetahui tingkat kepuasan pelayanan melalui hasil pendapat dan penilaian masyarakat terhadap kinerja pelayanan yang diberikan oleh aparatur penyelenggara pelayanan publik, Sebagai bahan penetapan kebijakan yang perlu diambil dan langkah perbaikan kinerja Satlantas Polres Dumai.
Variabel pada pengukuran Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Kinerja Satlantas Polres Dumai mengacu pada Teori: Parasuraman, Zeithaml, dan Berry dalam Sudarmanto (2010:103) mengemukakan ukuran kinerja dalam dimensi kualitas , sebagai berikut: Kehandalan, Daya Tanggap, Kompetensi, Akses, Kesopanan, Komunikasi, Kejujuran, Keamanan, Pengetahuan dan Bukti langsung Teknik pengambilan tekhnik purposive sampling dalam menentukan informan Populasi masyarakat yang dilayani satlantas polres dalam sebulan diperkirakan sebanyak 300 orang, dengan rincian: Unit Regident sebanyak 150 orang, unit Turjawali sebanyak 80 orang, unit dikyasa sebanyak 70 orang dan unit laka lantas sebanyak 50 orang. Sesuai dengan Nomogram Herry King maka sampel menjadi 143 orang. Sedangkan. Teknik pengumpulan data dari mengunakan angket, wawancara dan Dokumentasi, Dalam penelitian ini, analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kuantitatif dan interpretatif. Analisis data dilakukan dengan cara mentabulasi hasil jawaban responden dari angket yang disebarkan, data kepustakaan, kemudian memformulasikan secara deskriptif, selanjutnya menyimpulkan memproses data dengan tahapan reduksi data, menyajikan data, dan menyimpulkan.
Studi Eksperimental Sistem Pengarah Aliran Pada Turbin Hidrokinetik Archimedes Spiral
Authors: Nindito Dwi Anung , Pratama Adri , Saputra Raden Haryo 
Published: July 2021

Archimedes Spiral Turbine has characteristic of blade which can catch water flow well. It uses two force concepts, i.e. drag and lift forces. Flow direction change greatly influences Archimedes Spiral turbine performance. Therefore, it needs flow direction system in form of truncated cone and tail vane. Archimedes Spiral turbine with flow direction system generated Cp value of 0,19–0,22 and TSR value between 1,76–1,85. Torque value obtained is between 0,013–0,017 Nm on RPM value range of 28,64–33,60. Limitation between truncated cone with Archimedes Spiral turbine blade causes vortex flow at the back of blade to decrease. Truncated cone addition can enlarge flow catchment force. When flow speed captured by Archimedes Spiral turbine increase, resulting in a compressive force on enlarged. The addition of tail vane capable of passing the flow vortex is elongated to downstream. The flow of vortex which is passed on inhibits the rotation of the turbine blades and result in a compressive force on the turbine is enlarged. Compressive force on blade which grows bigger causes torque value to increase as well. The increasing torque value causes drag force concept used in Archimedes Spiral turbine with flow direction system higher than lift force concept.
Implementasi Akad Murabahah Terhadap Platform Peer to Peer Lending
Authors: Firdaus Muhammad Irkham , Sup Devid Frastiawan Amir , Fahmi Annas Syams Rizal , Retnowati May Shinta , Aziz Muhammad Abdul 
Published: July 2021

Peer to peer lending menjadi solusi terbaik bagi para pengusaha UMKM, sehingga perkembangan start-up ini sangat cepat. Kemudahan dalam mekanisme yang ditawarkan menjadi faktor utama percepatan pertumbuhan start-up ini. Maka mulai berkembang beberapa platform peer to peer lending di Indonesia. Namun sistem yang digunakan masih berlandaskan pada sistem ekonomi konvensional, yang masih mengambil keuntungan dengan sitem bunga. Sementara bunga sangat dilarang dalam Islam, karena bunga dalam ekonomi Islam dianalogikan sebagai riba. Sedangkan dalam fiqh muamalah, transaksi yang halal adalah transaksi yang terlepas dari unsur-unsur maghrib (maisyir, gharar, dan riba). Supaya transaksi peer to peer lending terlepas dari unsur-unsur maghrib, maka peneliti akan membuat desain peer to peer lending yang sesuai dengan prinsip ekonomi Islam, dengan mengimplementasi akad murabahah pada transaksi peer to peer lending. Sehingga keuntungan yang diambil tidak menggunakan sistem riba. Penellitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif-deskriptif-kepustakaan. Kesimpulan yang didapat adalah supaya transaksi peer to peer lending terhindar dari unsu-unsur maisyir, gharar, dan riba (maghrib), maka dapat diterapkan akad murabahah pada transaksi ini. Akad murabahah diterapakan pada ketiga pihak layanan peer to peer lending atau hanya pada kedua pihak saja, yaitu pihak pemberi pinjaman (lender) dan pihak penerima pinjaman (borrower). Penyelenggara layanan dan pihak memberi pinjaman berperan sebagai ba’i (penjual) dan penerima pinjaman berperan sebagai musytari (pembeli) selaku pihak yang mengajuakan pembiayaan untuk pembelian suatu barang yang dibutuhkan.
Kedudukan State-Owned Enterprises dalam Investor-State Dispute Settlement
Authors: Mahabbati Suci , Sari Isna Kartika , Saputra Rangga D. 
Published: July 2021

State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) adalah badan usaha yang seluruh atau sebagian besar modalnya merupakan milik negara melalui penyertaan secara langsung yang berasal dari kekayaan negara yang dipisahkan. Tidak hanya mengejar keuntungan, SOEs juga memiliki kewajiban melayani tujuan sosial seperti menyelenggarakan kemanfaatan umum. SOEs tidak hanya beroperasi di dalam negeri tapi juga terus melakukan ekspansi dan merambah proyek-proyek investasi luar negeri. Terkait Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) terdapat risiko terjadi perselisihan antara investor asing dengan host state. Ketika terjadi sengketa, host state kerap berdalih dengan mengatakan bahwa SOEs mewakili negara sehingga SOEs tidak memiliki keabsahan untuk mengajukan gugatan ke lembaga arbitrase untuk menyelesaikan sengketa investasi antara investor dan host state. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan tipe penelitian doktrinal. Penelitian ini membahas ruang lingkup ISDS itu sendiri sehingga diketahui hambatan dan solusi agar tidak timbul kerancuan terhadap status SOEs dalam ISDS.
COVID-19: A Comprehensive View of Diverse Mitigation Measures, Biomaterials and Outlook
Authors: Mohandas Anu , Shi Lin , Ramakrishna Seeram 
Published: July 2021

COVID-19 the existing contagion is caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2). As of 1st March, 2021, the statistical study shows, 114 million people all over the world have been affected by COVID-19 and in this about 2.53 million deaths have been reported with a recovery of 64.4 million cases. The most commonly testified signs of COVID-19 infection are pyrexia, tussis and tiredness; other symptoms that are less common include deprivation in senses (odor or flavor), pharyngitis, stuffy nose, cephalgia, gastroenteritis etc. Among the reported cases, approximately 10-15% progress to severe disease and 5% becomes critically ill. Most people recover at 2-6 weeks after exposure to the virus, but it is reported that there are some patients who may recur some symptoms for weeks or months after initial recovery although they are not infectious during this period. In this review article, we have briefly discussed the different diagnostic and detection measures that are being clinically practiced and the treatment methods including medicines and vaccines which has been undertaken in the fight against COVID-19. Recent advances in various regulatory measures comprising the application of biomaterials engineering (nanomaterials, biosensors, quantum dots, polymeric array-based vaccines, etc.) and the digital technologies are also discussed. Organoid cultures are also used against SARS-CoV-2 to understand the biological phenomena taking place in the human body through infection, and thereby establishing the necessary trials to control the infection. In short, there is a requirement of the combination of study from multidisciplinary areas to understand the virus better and develop more effective mitigation measures. There are still studies under examination to improve the public health and to have complete control over this novel virus.
The metacognition of auditory distraction: Judgments about the effects of deviating and changing auditory distractors on cognitive performance
Authors: Bell Raoul , Mieth Laura , Röer Jan Philipp , Buchner Axel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe duplex-mechanism account of auditory distraction has been extended to predict that people should have metacognitive awareness of the disruptive effect of auditory deviants on cognitive performance but little to no such awareness of the disruptive effect of changing-state relative to steady-state auditory distractors. To test this prediction, we assessed different types of metacognitive judgments about the disruptive effects of auditory-deviant, changing-state, and steady-state distractor sequences on serial recall. In a questionnaire, participants read about an irrelevant-speech experiment and were asked to provide metacognitive beliefs about how serial-recall performance would be affected by the different types of distractors. Another sample of participants heard the auditory distractors before predicting how their own serial-recall performance would suffer or benefit from the distractors. After participants had experienced the disruptive effects of the distractor sequences first hand, they were asked to make episodic retrospective judgments about how they thought the distractor sequences had affected their performance. The results consistently show that people are, on average, well aware of the greater disruptive effect of deviant and changing-state relative to steady-state distractors. Irrespective of condition, prospective and retrospective judgments of distraction were poor predictors of the individual susceptibility to distraction. These findings suggest that phenomena of auditory distraction cannot be categorized in two separate classes based on metacognitive awareness.
Object-based selection in visual working memory
Authors: Lin Yin-ting , Kong Garry , Fougnie Daryl 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAttentional mechanisms in perception can operate over locations, features, or objects. However, people direct attention not only towards information in the external world, but also to information maintained in working memory. To what extent do perception and memory draw on similar selection properties? Here we examined whether principles of object-based attention can also hold true in visual working memory. Experiment 1 examined whether object structure guides selection independently of spatial distance. In a memory updating task, participants encoded two rectangular bars with colored ends before updating two colors during maintenance. Memory updates were faster for two equidistant colors on the same object than on different objects. Experiment 2 examined whether selection of a single object feature spreads to other features within the same object. Participants memorized two sequentially presented Gabors, and a retro-cue indicated which object and feature dimension (color or orientation) would be most relevant to the memory test. We found stronger effects of object selection than feature selection: accuracy was higher for the uncued feature in the same object than the cued feature in the other object. Together these findings demonstrate effects of object-based attention on visual working memory, at least when object-based representations are encouraged, and suggest shared attentional mechanisms across perception and memory.
Zero-metallicity Hypernova Uncovered by an Ultra-metal-poor Star in the Sculptor Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy*
Authors: Skúladóttir Ása , Salvadori Stefania , Amarsi Anish M. , Tolstoy Eline , Irwin Michael J. , Hill Vanessa , Jablonka Pascale , Battaglia Giuseppina , Starkenburg Else , Massari Davide , Helmi Amina , Posti Lorenzo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Although true metal-free “Population III” stars have so far escaped discovery, their nature, and that of their supernovae, is revealed in the chemical products left behind in the next generations of stars. Here we report the detection of an ultra-metal-poor star in the Sculptor dwarf spheroidal galaxy AS0039. With [Fe/H]LTE = −4.11, it is the most metal-poor star discovered in any external galaxy thus far. Contrary to the majority of Milky Way stars at this metallicity, AS0039 is clearly not enhanced in carbon, with [C/Fe]LTE = −0.75, and A(C) = +3.60, making it the lowest detected carbon abundance in any star to date. Furthermore, it lacks α-element uniformity, having extremely low [Mg/Ca]NLTE = −0.60 and [Mg/Ti]NLTE = −0.86, in stark contrast with the near solar ratios observed in C-normal stars within the Milky Way halo. The unique abundance pattern indicates that AS0039 formed out of material that was predominantly enriched by a ∼20 M
⊙ progenitor star with an unusually high explosion energy E = 10 × 1051 erg. Therefore, star AS0039 represents some of the first observational evidence for zero-metallicity hypernovae and provides a unique opportunity to investigate the diverse nature of Population III stars.
Comprehensive leaf size traits dataset for seven plant species from digitised herbarium specimen images covering more than two centuries
Authors: Kommineni Vamsi Krishna , Tautenhahn Susanne , Baddam Pramod , Gaikwad Jitendra , Wieczorek Barbara , Triki Abdelaziz , Kattge Jens 
Published: July 2021

Morphological leaf traits are frequently used to quantify, understand and predict plant and vegetation functional diversity and ecology, including environmental and climate change responses. Although morphological leaf traits are easy to measure, their coverage for characterising variation within species and across temporal scales is limited. At the same time, there are about 3100 herbaria worldwide, containing approximately 390 million plant specimens dating from the 16th to 21st century, which can potentially be used to extract morphological leaf traits. Globally, plant specimens are rapidly being digitised and images are made openly available via various biodiversity data platforms, such as iDigBio and GBIF. Based on a pilot study to identify the availability and appropriateness of herbarium specimen images for comprehensive trait data extraction, we developed a spatio-temporal dataset on intraspecific trait variability containing 128,036 morphological leaf trait measurements for seven selected species.
After scrutinising the metadata of digitised herbarium specimen images available from iDigBio and GBIF (21.9 million and 31.6 million images for Tracheophyta; accessed date December 2020), we identified approximately 10 million images potentially appropriate for our study. From the 10 million images, we selected seven species (Salix bebbiana Sarg., Alnus incana (L.) Moench, Viola canina L., Salix glauca L., Chenopodium album L., Impatiens capensis Meerb. and Solanum dulcamara L.) , which have a simple leaf shape, are well represented in space and time and have high availability of specimens per species. We downloaded 17,383 images. Out of these, we discarded 5779 images due to quality issues. We used the remaining 11,604 images to measure the area, length, width and perimeter on 32,009 individual leaf blades using the semi-automated tool TraitEx. The resulting dataset contains 128,036 trait records.
We demonstrate its comparability to trait data measured in natural environments following standard protocols by comparing trait values from the TRY database. We conclude that the herbarium specimens provide valuable information on leaf sizes. The dataset created in our study, by extracting leaf traits from the digitised herbarium specimen images of seven selected species, is a promising opportunity to improve ecological knowledge about the adaptation of size-related leaf traits to environmental changes in space and time.
Distribution and Molecular Characterisation of Lactobacilli in the Oral Cavity of Children
Authors: Ahirwar Sonu Singh , Snehi Sunil K , Gupta M.K. 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Dental caries is a chronic and multifactorial disease mainly caused by microorganisms that are accumulated on soft and hard tissues of oral cavity. Lactobacillus is one of that kind, produces acid after metabolic breakdown of dietary sugar and reduces the pH of oral environment, resulting in teeth demineralisation or dental caries.

Aim:
The present study focuses on the distribution and characterisation of lactobacilli in the oral cavity of children which are associated with dental caries formation.

Methods:
Total 116 swab samples were collected from different age groups of children by swabbing the caries surface of teeth. Physiological, morphological and biochemical characteristics of Lactobacillus were analysed. Whole cell protein profiling using SDS-PAGE was also performed for their characterisation. Molecular characterisation of selected isolates was done using 16S-rRNA sequencing for identification.

Results:
Total 269 isolates were successfully isolated and identified by physiological and biochemical tests according to Bergey's Manual Systematic Bacteriology, which belongs to the seven species of Lactobacillus i.e., L. acidophilus, L. casei, L. delbrueckii, L. helveticus, L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus, L. salivarius. All the isolates were further differentiated by whole cell proteins profiling and species level identification was done by 16S-rRNA gene sequencing method.

Conclusions:
The present study, suggested that the occurrence of the species of Lactobacillus changes with the age of the individual, but L. rhamnosus (20.54%) and L. acidophilus (18.21%) were abundantly found in age group of 3-12 yr which could be the possible causative agent of dental caries formation in the children of Central India.