bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surfactant head group and concentration influence on structure and dynamics of gellan gum hydrogels: Crossover from stretched to compressed exponential
Authors: Mithra K , Jena Sidhartha S 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the present study, we have investigated the effects of surfactant addition on the structure and dynamics of gellan gum hydrogels. A strong interaction is seen between gellan gum and oppositely charged cationic surfactant, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) whereas rather weak or minimal interactions are observed when either anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), or nonionic surfactant, Triton X‐100 is added to the system. The dynamics of the hydrogels was studied, using dynamic light scattering measurements and the heterodyne method was used for data evaluation. The correlation function of parent hydrogel was fitted with a stretched exponential function, while a single plus stretched exponential function was employed to study the dynamics of hydrogel with surfactants and the corresponding relaxation times were appropriately analyzed. An interesting crossover from stretched to compressed exponential was seen when CTAB was added beyond critical micellar concentration to the system, which was not evidenced for the other two surfactants. Ensemble averaged intensity was also analyzed and the general picture that emerges is that the oppositely charged surfactant has the strongest ability to form large associations as oppose to nonionic and like‐charged surfactants. The rheological measurements were carried out to determine the elastic response of the gels over a wide range of frequencies. It was seen that the elastic modulus was dependent on both the surfactant concentration and type. Cationic surfactant increased the elastic modulus markedly as opposed to the nonionic and anionic surfactants. These results may have implications for the use of polymer surfactant systems as potential products.
Novel Nanohybrid Containing Magnetite Nanocluster‐Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheets for Heat Transfer Applications
Authors: Damodaran Shima P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA novel nanohybrid comprised of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanocluster‐decorated reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanosheets and its dispersions (nanofluids) were developed for heat transfer applications. The RGO/Fe3O4 nanohybrid was synthesized by a facile and cost‐effective one‐pot solvothermal route. The morphological, structural, chemical, and magnetic features of RGO/Fe3O4 nanohybrid was characterized by using various analysis techniques. To evaluate the efficacy of as‐synthesized nanohybrid for thermal engineering applications, stable water ‐based RGO/Fe3O4 nanofluids were synthesized and their thermal conductivity (k) was measured as a function of volume fraction (ϕ). Maximum 18 % enhancement in k value was attained for RGO/Fe3O4 nanofluids even at a low nanohybrid concentration of ϕ=0.026. The synergistic effects of RGO (large surface area, high inherent k, hydrophilic nature, and relatively low density) and Fe3O4 (efficient conduction paths through zero‐field dipolar structures) components provided excellent stability and enhanced thermal conductivity to RGO/Fe3O4 nanofluids in the present study. The results demonstrate that RGO/Fe3O4 nanohybrid is a promising nanoadditive in designing efficient nanofluids for heat transport applications.
Leptophilic bosons and muon g-2 at lepton colliders
Authors: Chun Eung Jin , Mondal Tanmoy 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A light leptophilic boson (scalar or pseudoscalar) has been postulated to explain the muon g-2 anomaly and could be a portal to dark matter. Realizing the leptophilic nature of a singlet boson in the framework of the two-Higgs-doublet-Model of type-X, we identify the parameter space viable for the explanation of the updated muon g-2 discrepancy. It is then shown that such a hypothetical particle will be unambiguously ruled out or discovered via the Yukawa process at a lepton collider designed as a Higgs factory.
On the stability of AdS backgrounds with λ-deformed factors
Authors: Itsios G. , Panopoulos P. , Sfetsos K. , Zoakos D. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We investigate the stability of the non-supersymmetric solutions of type-IIB supergravity having an unwarped AdS factor and λ-deformed subspaces found in [26]. Among the plethora of solutions we study the perturbative stability of backgrounds with an AdSn, with n = 3, 4, 6, factor. Our analysis is performed from a lower dimensional effective theory which we construct. We uncover the regions and isolated points in the parameter space of potential perturbative stability.
Thermal buckling of functionally graded piezomagnetic micro- and nanobeams presenting the flexomagnetic effect
Authors: Malikan Mohammad , Wiczenbach Tomasz , Eremeyev Victor A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGalerkin weighted residual method (GWRM) is applied and implemented to address the axial stability and bifurcation point of a functionally graded piezomagnetic structure containing flexomagneticity in a thermal environment. The continuum specimen involves an exponential mass distributed in a heterogeneous media with a constant square cross section. The physical neutral plane is investigated to postulate functionally graded material (FGM) close to reality. Mathematical formulations concern the Timoshenko shear deformation theory. Small scale and atomic interactions are shaped as maintained by the nonlocal strain gradient elasticity approach. Since there is no bifurcation point for FGMs, whenever both boundary conditions are rotational and the neutral surface does not match the mid-plane, the clamp configuration is examined only. The fourth-order ordinary differential stability equations will be converted into the sets of algebraic ones utilizing the GWRM whose accuracy was proved before. After that, by simply solving the achieved polynomial constitutive relation, the parametric study can be started due to various predominant and overriding factors. It was found that the flexomagneticity is further visible if the ferric nanobeam is constructed by FGM technology. In addition to this, shear deformations are also efficacious to make the FM detectable.
Spatial distribution of microzooplankton in different areas of the northern Antarctic Peninsula region, with an emphasis on tintinnids
Authors: Monti-Birkenmeier Marina , Diociaiuti Tommaso , Badewien Thomas H. , Schulz Anne-Christin , Friedrichs Anna , Meyer Bettina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is experiencing rapid climate warming, resulting in affecting the marine food web. To investigate the microzooplankton spatial distribution and to assess how climate change could affect the tintinnids community, sea water samples were collected during late summer 2018 at 19 stations in three different areas: Deception Island, Elephant Island and Antarctic Sound. The microzooplankton community comprised mainly tintinnids, aloricate ciliates, heterotrophic dinoflagellates and micrometazoans. Microzooplankton abundance varied between 3 and 109 ind. L−1and biomass ranged from 0.009 to 2.55 µg C L−1. Significant differences in terms of abundance and taxonomic composition of microzooplankton were found among the three sampling areas. Deception Island area showed 44% of tintinnids and the rest were heterotrophic dinoflagellate, aloricate ciliates and micrometazoans. In Elephant Island and Antarctic Sound areas, tintinnids reached, respectively, 73% and 83% of the microzooplankton composition, with all the other groups varying between 20 and 30%. Tintinnids were the most representative group in the area, with the speciesCodonellopsis balechi,Codonellopsis glacialis,Cymatocylis convallariaandCymatocylis drygalskii.The highest amounts of tintinnids were found at the surface and 100 m depth. The above mentioned species may be considered key species for the WAP and therefore they can be used to track environmental and hydrographical changes in the area. In late summer, microzooplankton presented low abundances and biomass, nevertheless they represented an important fraction of the planktonic community in the area.
Risk of colorectal adenomas and cancer in monoallelic carriers of MUTYH pathogenic variants: a single-centre experience
Authors: Patel R. , McGinty P. , Cuthill V. , Hawkins M. , Clark S. K. , Latchford A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The carrier frequency of MUTYH pathogenic variants in the population may be as high as one in 45. Some studies have found an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in monoallelic carriers of MUTYH pathogenic variants, but the role of early surveillance colonoscopy is not conclusive. This study aimed to assess the outcomes of colonoscopy surveillance in MUTYH carriers.

Methods
Patients, with a monoallelic pathogenic variant in MUTYH, found at cascade testing, were identified from the St Mark’s Hospital Polyposis Registry database. Findings at surveillance colonoscopy were reviewed.

Results
Two hundred and forty-nine carriers were identified, of whom 125 had undergone at least one surveillance colonoscopy. Twenty-eight patients (22%) developed at least one adenoma; all adenomas had low-grade dysplasia (LGD). The median age at first colonoscopy was 36 years (range 16–75 years). The median age at first adenoma detection was 43 years (range 22–75 years). The cumulative incidence of adenoma development by age 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 years was 3.2%, 8.8%, 15.2%, 18.4% and 20.8%, respectively. No CRCs were observed.

Conclusions
Our cohort of monoallelic carriers of MUTYH pathogenic variants is a relatively younger group than adults entering population screening colonoscopy, but a high adenoma rate was not observed. No CRCs were detected, suggesting that current guidance that these individuals should be managed in the same way as the general population is reasonable.
Acute vestibular syndrome: is skew deviation a central sign?
Authors: Korda Athanasia , Zamaro Ewa , Wagner Franca , Morrison Miranda , Caversaccio Marco Domenico , Sauter Thomas C , Schneider Erich , Mantokoudis Georgios 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective
Skew deviation results from a dysfunction of the graviceptive pathways in patients with an acute vestibular syndrome (AVS) leading to vertical diplopia due to vertical ocular misalignment. It is considered as a central sign, however, the prevalence of skew and the accuracy of its test is not well known
.

Methods
We performed a prospective study from February 2015 until September 2020 of all patients presenting at our emergency department (ED) with signs of AVS. All patients underwent clinical HINTS and video test of skew (vTS) followed by a delayed MRI, which served as a gold standard for vestibular stroke confirmation.

Results
We assessed 58 healthy subjects, 53 acute unilateral vestibulopathy patients (AUVP) and 24 stroke patients. Skew deviation prevalence was 24% in AUVP and 29% in strokes. For a positive clinical test of skew, the cut-off of vertical misalignment was 3 deg with a very low sensitivity of 15% and specificity of 98.2%. The sensitivity of vTS was 29.2% with a specificity of 75.5%.

Conclusions
Contrary to prior knowledge, skew deviation proved to be more prevalent in patients with AVS and occurred in every forth patient with AUVP. Large skew deviations (> 3.3 deg), were pointing toward a central lesion. Clinical and video test of skew offered little additional diagnostic value compared to other diagnostic tests such as the head impulse test and nystagmus test. Video test of skew could aid to quantify skew in the ED setting in which neurotological expertise is not always readily available.
Effect of over-the-counter brimonidine tartrate 0.025% ophthalmic solution on pupil size in healthy adults
Authors: Nejad Mitra , Lin Shawn R. , Hwang Linda H. , Landig Mark , Al-Hashimi Saba , Bartlett John D. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the effect of brimonidine tartrate 0.025% ophthalmic solution on pupil size under scotopic conditions in healthy adults

Methods
Pupil size was measured in 56 eyes of 28 volunteer participants using a pupillometer under scotopic conditions. Age, gender, and iris color were recorded. Subjects using any ophthalmic medications other than artificial tears were excluded. The pupil size was subsequently measured again under scotopic conditions 60 min after instillation of brimonidine tartrate 0.025% ophthalmic solution.

Results
Statistically significant miosis was seen after instillation of brimonidine tartrate 0.025% (p = 0.04). Average pupil size prior to brimonidine 0.025% instillation was 7.28 ± 1.05 mm, and average pupil size after instillation of brimonidine 0.025% was 6.36 ± 1.68 mm, a reduction of − 23.7% in pupil area. Subjects with light irides demonstrated a greater miotic effect than subjects with dark irides (1.55 mm vs. 0.67 mm, p < 0.0001), with a pupil area reduction of − 37.6% and − 17.4%, respectively. The amount of miosis was independent of initial pupil size.

Conclusions
Brimonidine tartrate 0.025% causes significant miosis in scotopic settings, although the effect is not as great in darker colored eyes. Further studies are needed to determine the latency and duration of the effect and whether the amount of miosis is clinically significant.
Safety and efficacy of carbon nanoparticle suspension injection and indocyanine green tracer-guided lymph node dissection during robotic distal gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Tian Yuan , Lin Yecheng , Guo Honghai , Hu Yiyang , Li Yong , Fan Liqiao , Zhao Xuefeng , Wang Dong , Tan Bibo , Zhao Qun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
There is a lack of comparative analyses on the use of carbon nanoparticle suspension injection (CNSI) and indocyanine green (ICG) tracer technology for lymph node detection and their perioperative safety in robotic radical gastrectomy.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed on patients who underwent robotic distal gastrectomy between November 2019 and November 2020. Patients were assigned to the CNSI group, the ICG group, or the control group. The number of lymph nodes detected, number of lymph nodes detected at each station, number of micro lymph nodes detected, rate of lymph node metastasis, and inoperative and postoperative recovery were compared.

Results
Of the 93 patients analyzed, 34 were in the CNSI group, 27 were in the ICG group, and 32 were in the control group. The mean number of lymph nodes retrieved in the CNSI group (48.44) was higher than that in the ICG (39.19) and control (35.28) groups (P = 0.004; P < 0.001), and there was no difference between the ICG and control groups (P = 0.102). The mean number of micro lymph nodes retrieved in the CNSI group (13.24) was higher than that in the ICG (5.74) and control (5.66) groups (P < 0.001). The lymph node metastasis rates in the CNSI, ICG, and control groups were 5.03, 4.63, and 5.93%, respectively (P > 0.05).

Conclusion
The effect of CNSI on lymph node dissection and sorting was better than that of ICG, and CNSI improved the surgical quality and reduced lymph node staging deviation to a greater extent. CNSI was better than ICG in terms of improving the number of micro lymph nodes detected.
Erythropoietin exposure of isolated pancreatic islets accelerates their revascularization after transplantation
Authors: Menger Maximilian M. , Nalbach Lisa , Roma Leticia P. , Laschke Matthias W. , Menger Michael D. , Ampofo Emmanuel 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Aims
The exposure of isolated pancreatic islets to pro-angiogenic factors prior to their transplantation represents a promising strategy to accelerate the revascularization of the grafts. It has been shown that erythropoietin (EPO), a glycoprotein regulating erythropoiesis, also induces angiogenesis. Therefore, we hypothesized that EPO exposure of isolated islets improves their posttransplant revascularization.

Methods
Flow cytometric, immunohistochemical and quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR analyses were performed to study the effect of EPO on the viability, cellular composition and gene expression of isolated islets. Moreover, islets expressing a mitochondrial or cytosolic H2O2 sensor were used to determine reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The dorsal skinfold chamber model in combination with intravital fluorescence microscopy was used to analyze the revascularization of transplanted islets.

Results
We found that the exposure of isolated islets to EPO (3 units/mL) for 24 h does not affect the viability and the production of ROS when compared to vehicle-treated and freshly isolated islets. However, the exposure of islets to EPO increased the number of CD31-positive cells and enhanced the gene expression of insulin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A. The revascularization of the EPO-cultivated islets was accelerated within the initial phase after transplantation when compared to both controls.

Conclusion
These findings indicate that the exposure of isolated islets to EPO may be a promising approach to improve clinical islet transplantation.
Dose-dependent effects of insoluble fibre on glucose metabolism: a stratified post hoc analysis of the Optimal Fibre Trial (OptiFiT)
Authors: Kabisch Stefan , Honsek Caroline , Kemper Margrit , Gerbracht Christiana , Arafat Ayman M. , Birkenfeld Andreas L. , Dambeck Ulrike , Osterhoff Martin A. , Weickert Martin O. , Pfeiffer Andreas F. H. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Aims
As the first long-term RCT on insoluble cereal fibre, the optimal fibre trial demonstrated glycometabolic benefits, confirming cohort studies. The combined study intervention of lifestyle recommendations and supplementation with insoluble oat hulls fibre allows to clarify, which amount of fibre is required for a beneficial effect.

Methods
One hundred and eighty participants with impaired glucose tolerance underwent the one-year PREDIAS lifestyle programme and received a blinded, randomized fibre or placebo supplement for two years. We conducted a regression analyses and cut-off-based tertile comparisons in subjects with full data on dietary compliance (food records and accounted supplement; n = 120) after one year, investigating effects on fasting blood parameters, oral glucose tolerance test and anthropometry.

Results
We found a nonlinear inverse relation between fibre intake and change in postprandial 2-h glucose levels, showing a metabolic benefit beyond 14 g and a plateau beyond 25 g of total insoluble fibre per day. 2-h glucose levels improved significantly stronger in both upper tertiles (−0.9 [−1.6;−0.2] mmol/l, p = 0.047, and −0.6 [−1.6;0.3] mmol/l, p = 0.010) compared to the lowest tertile (0.1 [−1.2;1.1] mmol/l), also when adjusted for changes in bodyweight. Subjects with the highest fibre intake showed superior effects on fasting and postprandial insulin resistance, hepatic insulin clearance, leucocyte count and fatty liver index.

Conclusions
Extending the knowledge on the benefits of insoluble oat hulls fibre, our post hoc analysis demonstrates a dose effect for glycaemia and associated metabolic markers. Further research is needed in order to replicate our findings in larger trials.
ddPCR increases detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in patients with low viral loads
Authors: Marchio Agnès , Batejat Christophe , Vanhomwegen Jessica , Feher Maxence , Grassin Quentin , Chazal Maxime , Raulin Olivia , Farges-Berth Anne , Reibel Florence , Estève Vincent , Dejean Anne , Jouvenet Nolwenn , Manuguerra Jean-Claude , Pineau Pascal 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRT-qPCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA still represents the method of reference to diagnose and monitor COVID-19. From the onset of the pandemic, however, doubts have been expressed concerning the sensitivity of this molecular diagnosis method. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is a third-generation PCR technique that is particularly adapted to detecting low-abundance targets. We developed two-color ddPCR assays for the detection of four different regions of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, including non-structural (IP4-RdRP, helicase) and structural (E, N) protein-encoding sequences. We observed that N or E subgenomic RNAs are generally more abundant than IP4 and helicase RNA sequences in cells infected in vitro, suggesting that detection of the N gene, coding for the most abundant subgenomic RNA of SARS-CoV-2, increases the sensitivity of detection during the highly replicative phase of infection. We investigated 208 nasopharyngeal swabs sampled in March-April 2020 in different hospitals of Greater Paris. We found that 8.6% of informative samples (n = 16/185, P < 0.0001) initially scored as “non-positive” (undetermined or negative) by RT-qPCR were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by ddPCR. Our work confirms that the use of ddPCR modestly, but significantly, increases the proportion of upper airway samples testing positive in the framework of first-line diagnosis of a French population.
Nonphosphorylatable PEA15 mutant inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in triple-negative breast cancer partly through the regulation of IL-8 expression
Authors: Park Jihyun , Tacam Moises J. , Chauhan Gaurav , Cohen Evan N. , Gagliardi Maria , Iles Lakesla R. , Ueno Naoto T. , Battula Venkata L. , Sohn Yoo-Kyoung , Wang Xiaoping , Kim Hak-Sung , Krishnamurthy Savitri , Fowlkes Natalie W. , Green Morgan M. , Bartholomeusz Geoffrey A. , Tripathy Debu , Reuben James M. , Bartholomeusz Chandra 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype that lacks targeted therapies. Patients with TNBC have a very poor prognosis because the disease often metastasizes. New treatment approaches addressing drivers of metastasis and tumor growth are crucial to improving patient outcomes. Developing targeted gene therapy is thus a high priority for TNBC patients. PEA15 (phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes, 15 kDa) is known to bind to ERK, preventing ERK from being translocated to the nucleus and hence blocking its activity. The biological function of PEA15 is tightly regulated by its phosphorylation at Ser104 and Ser116. However, the function and impact of phosphorylation status of PEA15 in the regulation of TNBC metastasis and in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are not well understood.

Methods
We established stable cell lines overexpressing nonphosphorylatable (PEA15-AA) and phospho-mimetic (PEA15-DD) mutants. To dissect specific cellular mechanisms regulated by PEA15 phosphorylation status, we performed RT-PCR immune and metastasis arrays. In vivo mouse models were used to determine the effects of PEA15 phosphorylation on tumor growth and metastasis.

Results
We found that the nonphosphorylatable mutant PEA15-AA prevented formation of mammospheres and expression of EMT markers in vitro and decreased tumor growth and lung metastasis in in vivo experiments when compared to control, PEA15-WT and phosphomimetic PEA15-DD. However, phosphomimetic mutant PEA15-DD promoted migration, mesenchymal marker expression, tumorigenesis, and lung metastasis in the mouse model. PEA15-AA-mediated inhibition of breast cancer cell migratory capacity and tumorigenesis was the partial result of decreased expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8). Further, we identified that expression of IL-8 was possibly mediated through one of the ERK downstream molecules, Ets-1.

Conclusions
Our results show that PEA15 phosphorylation status serves as an important regulator for PEA15’s dual role as an oncogene or tumor suppressor and support the potential of PEA15-AA as a therapeutic strategy for treatment of TNBC.