bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel agents for myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Xu Katie , Hansen Elizabeth 
Published: September 2021

Review objective There have been several advances in the field of myelodysplastic syndromes over the past year, yielding two new US Food and Drug Administration drug approvals. The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical trials, therapeutic use, adverse effects, clinical use controversies, product description, and upcoming trials for myelodysplastic syndromes novel agents luspatercept-aamt and decitabine/cedazuridine are reviewed. Data sources This review article utilized primary information obtained from both the published studies involved in the approval of luspatercept-aamt and decitabine/cedazuridine and package inserts for the respective medications. This review article utilized secondary information obtained from National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines using filters and keywords to sustain information relevancy as well as key studies using the keywords, “luspatercept-aamt, myelodysplastic syndromes, decitabine, cedazuridine, hypomethylating agent, ASTX727” from scholarly journal database PubMed. Data summary Myelodysplastic syndromes consist of myeloid clonal hemopathies with a diverse range of presentation. Until recently, there have been relatively few new therapies in the myelodysplastic syndromes treatment landscape. On April 3, 2020 the US Food and Drug Administration approved Reblozyl®(luspatercept-aamt), then on July 7, 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration approved INQOVI® (decitabine and cedazuridine). Luspatercept-aamt acts as a erythroid maturation agent through differentiation of late-stage erythroid precursors. The safety and efficacy of luspatercept-aamt was demonstrated in the MEDALIST trial, a phase III trial in patients with very low-intermediate risk refractory myelodysplastic syndromes and ring sideroblasts. Luspatercept-aamt met both primary and secondary endpoints of transfusion independence of 8 weeks or longer and transfusion independence of 12 weeks or longer, respectively. Decitabine/cedazuridine has a unique mechanism of action in which decitabine acts as a nucleoside metabolic inhibitor promoting DNA hypomethylation and cedazuridine then prevents degradation of decitabine. The safety and efficacy of decitabine/cedazuridine was shown in the ASCERTAIN study, a phase III trial in patients with intermediate or high risk myelodysplastic syndromes or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. The primary outcome evaluated was 5-day cumulative area under the curve between decitabine/cedazuridine and IV decitabine as well as additional outcomes including safety. Decitabine/cedazuridine met primary outcome and had a similar safety profile to IV decitabine. Conclusion The novel myelodysplastic syndromes agents luspatercept-aamt and decitabine/cedazuridine provide a clinical benefit in the studied populations.
Effectiveness and safety of eribulin for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative metastatic breast cancer in a real-world population
Authors: Díaz-Acedo Rocío , Artacho Criado Silvia , Jiménez Galán Rocío , Gutiérrez Pizarraya Antonio , Galván Banqueri Mercedes , Rodríguez-de-la-Borbolla-Artacho María , Marcos Rodríguez José Antonio , Márquez Saavedra Esther 
Published: September 2021

Background Eribulin’s clinical benefit remains unclear; so, studies analyzing its effectiveness in routine clinical practice are interesting. Patients and methods This is a multicenter, retrospective study including patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-negative metastatic breast cancer which assesses effectiveness and safety of eribulin. Results A total of 140 women were included, with a median age of 57 years. The median overall survival and progression-free survival were 8.8 (95% confidence interval: 6.1–11.4) and 2.8 months (95% confidence interval: 2.5–3.1), respectively. For patients with hormonal receptor expression, a significantly longer progression-free survival was observed: 3.4 (95%confidence interval: 2.3–4.5) versus triple negative: 2.0 (95%confidence interval: 1.7–2.3) months, p = 0.003. Also, those who had received capecitabine prior to eribulin had a higher median overall survival than those who had not received it (9.5 months, 95% confidence interval: 6.6–12.5 vs. 4.8 months, 95% confidence interval: 3.4–6.2; p = 0.001). When only triple-negative patients were included, median overall survival was 6.5 (95% confidence interval: 0.1–16.2) for those who had received previous capecitabine versus 4.3 (95% confidence interval: 2.8–5.8) months for patients who had not received it; p =0.006. The safety profile of eribulin was adequate. Conclusion Effectiveness of eribulin in a real-life human epidermal growth factor receptor-2--negative population is lower than that observed in clinical trials. Its benefit seems to be higher in patients with hormonal receptor expression and patients who had received capecitabine prior to eribulin. The safety profile of eribulin is adequate.
Nursing workplace and its relation to occupational health outcomes and physical activity
Authors: Abd El-Fattah Mohamed Aly Nagah , El-Shanawany Safaa M , Ghanem Maha 
Published: September 2021

Background Working in hospitals entails several risks to nurses. A better nursing workplace can help in improving physical activity and reducing adverse occupational health outcomes among nurses. Aim This study aimed to investigate the relationships of the nursing workplace with occupational health outcomes and physical activity. Methods A cross-sectional correlation study was conducted with 623 nurses. Data were collected through report self-administered questionnaires that included employment and occupational conditions, hospital workplace environment, and adverse occupational health outcomes as well as physical activity pattern. Results The current study showed that the nursing workplace environment and conditions had a negative effect on occupational health outcomes and physical activity among nurses in the study units. Nurses in this study reported a high prevalence of low back pain (82.7%), burnout (78.3%), and occupational injuries (70.5%). They also reported insufficient physical activities (90.6%). High prevalence of burnout and low back pain were associated with low levels of physical activities among nurses. Conclusion A fair working environment and conditions have been implicated as a causative factor of negative occupational health outcomes and limitations of physical activity among nurses. Adverse occupational health outcomes also affect the nurses engaging in physical activity.
Experiences of a ‘screen and treat’ cervical cancer prevention programme among brothel-based female sex workers in Bangladesh: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Wilson Emma , Barnard Sharmani , Mahmood Samiya , Nuccio Olivia , Rathod Sujit D , Chowdhury Raveena , Sapkota Sabitri , Tabassum Tanzila , Rashid Shah Halimur , Verde Hashim Catherine 
Published: September 2021

Objectives: Little is known about sex workers’ experiences of cervical cryotherapy. We sought to understand sex workers’ perspectives of ‘screen and treat’ programmes and their management of the World Health Organization post-treatment guidance to abstain from sex or use condoms consistently for 4 weeks. We explored contraceptive preferences and use of menstrual regulation services. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 16 sex workers and six brothel leaders in an urban brothel complex in Bangladesh between October and November 2018. All had undergone cryotherapy. We conducted a thematic analysis using deductive coding, informed by a priori themes, and inductive data-driven coding. Results: Most sex workers could not abstain from sex during the healing period. Consistent condom use was challenging due to economic incentives attached to condomless sex and coercive behaviours of clients. The implications of non-adherence among high-risk groups such as sex workers are not known. Use of short-acting methods of contraception was common, and discontinuation was high due to side effects and other perceived health concerns. The majority of sex workers and brothel leaders had utilized menstrual regulation services. Barriers to accessing timely menstrual regulation and other sexual and reproductive health services included limited mobility, economic costs, and discriminatory attitudes of health care workers. Conclusion: Service innovations are required to enable sex workers to abstain or use condoms consistently in the post-cryotherapy healing phase and to address sex workers’ broader sexual and reproductive health needs. Further research is required to assess the risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted infection transmission following cryotherapy among high-risk groups.
The Family of Jesus (Yehsu Chia-t'ing)
Authors: Romig Theodore P. 
Published: September 2021

Information concerning the small christian sects and independent churches in China is very scant. a contribution to our knowledge of one of these groups is most welcome, especially when that group is one which practices communal life based upon the example of the primitive christian community in Jerusalem. It will be very important to observe the fate of a christian communist group under a Marxian communistic regime. It is reported that S. P. Wang has published a book on the group in China, but a copy is not available in the united states. The Rev. Theodore F. Romig is a missionary of wide experience in China and the son of missionary experience. He is professor-elect of Missions at the Mccormick Theological seminary, Chicago, but during the present year is on loan by the Board of Foreign Missions of the presbyterian church in the U.S.A. to the international Missionary council and the Research committee of the Foreign Missions Conference of North America for executive service in the Study of the Missionary Obligation of the Church.–Editor.
Cochlear Duct Length Measurements in Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Newly Developed Techniques
Authors: Taeger Johannes , Müller‐Graff Franz Tassilo , Ilgen Lukas , Schendzielorz Phillip , Hagen Rudolf , Neun Tilman , Rak Kristen 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveGrowing interest in measuring the cochlear duct length (CDL) has emerged, since it can influence the selection of cochlear implant electrodes. Currently the measurements are performed with ionized radiation imaging. Only a few studies have explored CDL measurements in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Therefore, the presented study aims to fill this gap by estimating CDL in MRI and comparing it with multislice computed tomography (CT).Study DesignRetrospective data analyses of 42 cochleae.SettingTertiary care medical center.MethodsDiameter (A value) and width (B value) of the cochlea were measured in HOROS software. The CDL and the 2‐turn length were determined by the elliptic circular approximation (ECA). In addition, the CDL, the 2‐turn length, and the angular length were determined via HOROS software by the multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) method.ResultsCDL values were significantly shorter in MRI by MPR (d = 1.38 mm, P <. 001) but not by ECA. Similar 2‐turn length measurements were significantly lower in MRI by MPR (d = 1.67 mm) and ECA (d = 1.19 mm, both P <. 001). In contrast, angular length was significantly higher in MRI (d = 26.79°, P <. 001). When the values were set in relation to the frequencies of the cochlea, no clinically relevant differences were estimated (58 Hz at 28‐mm CDL).ConclusionIn the presented study, CDL was investigated in CT and MRI by using different approaches. Since no clinically relevant differences were found, diagnostics with radiation may be omitted prior to cochlear implantation; thus, a concept of radiation‐free cochlear implantation could be established.
Protease activity sensors enable real-time treatment response monitoring in lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Authors: Kirkpatrick Jesse D. , Soleimany Ava P. , Dudani Jaideep S. , Liu Heng-Jia , Lam Hilaire C. , Priolo Carmen , Henske Elizabeth P. , Bhatia Sangeeta N. 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundBiomarkers of disease progression and treatment response are urgently needed for patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM). Activity-based nanosensors, an emerging biosensor class, detect dysregulated proteasesin vivoand release a reporter to provide a urinary readout of disease. Because proteases are dysregulated in LAM and may directly contribute to lung function decline, activity-based nanosensors may enable quantitative, real-time monitoring of LAM progression and treatment response. We aimed to assess the diagnostic utility of activity-based nanosensors in a pre-clinical model of pulmonary LAM.MethodsTsc2-null cells were injected intravenously into female nude mice to establish a mouse model of pulmonary LAM. A library of 14 activity-based nanosensors, designed to detect proteases across multiple catalytic classes, was administered into the lungs of LAM mice and healthy controls, urine was collected, and mass spectrometry was performed to measure nanosensor cleavage products. Mice were then treated with rapamycin and monitored with activity-based nanosensors. Machine learning was performed to distinguish diseased from healthy and treated from untreated mice.ResultsMultiple activity-based nanosensors (PP03 (cleaved by metallo, aspartic and cysteine proteases), padjusted<0.0001; PP10 (cleaved by serine, aspartic and cysteine proteases), padjusted=0.017)) were differentially cleaved in diseased and healthy lungs, enabling strong classification with a machine learning model (area under the curve (AUC) 0.95 from healthy). Within 2 days after rapamycin initiation, we observed normalisation of PP03 and PP10 cleavage, and machine learning enabled accurate classification of treatment response (AUC 0.94 from untreated).ConclusionsActivity-based nanosensors enable noninvasive, real-time monitoring of disease burden and treatment response in a pre-clinical model of LAM.
Genome-wide analysis of HSP70 gene superfamily in Pyropia yezoensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta): identification, characterization and expression profiles in response to dehydration stress
Authors: Yu Xinzi , Mo Zhaolan , Tang Xianghai , Gao Tian , Mao Yunxiang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) perform a fundamental role in protecting plants against abiotic stresses. Individual family members have been analyzed in previous studies, but there has not yet been a comprehensive analysis of the HSP70 gene family in Pyropia yezoensis.

Results
We investigated 15 putative HSP70 genes in Py. yezoensis. These genes were classified into two sub-families, denoted as DnaK and Hsp110. In each sub-family, there was relative conservation of the gene structure and motif. Synteny-based analysis indicated that seven and three PyyHSP70 genes were orthologous to HSP70 genes in Pyropia haitanensis and Porphyra umbilicalis, respectively. Most PyyHSP70s showed up-regulated expression under different degrees of dehydration stress. PyyHSP70-1 and PyyHSP70-3 were expressed in higher degrees compared with other PyyHSP70s in dehydration treatments, and then expression degrees somewhat decreased in rehydration treatment. Subcellular localization showed PyyHSP70-1-GFP and PyyHSP70-3-GFP were in the cytoplasm and nucleus/cytoplasm, respectively. Similar expression patterns of paired orthologs in Py. yezoensis and Py. haitanensis suggest important roles for HSP70s in intertidal environmental adaptation during evolution.

Conclusions
These findings provide insight into the evolution and modification of the PyyHSP70 gene family and will help to determine the functions of the HSP70 genes in Py. yezoensis growth and development.
Maternal and neonatal outcomes in mothers with diabetes mellitus in Qatari population
Authors: Bayoumi Mohammad A. A. , Masri Razan M. , Matani Nada Y. S. , Hendaus Mohamed A. , Masri Manal M. , Chandra Prem , Langtree Lisa J. , D’Souza Sunitha , Olayiwola Noimot O. , Shahbal Saad , Elmalik Einas E. , Bakry Mohamed S. , Gad Ashraf I. , Agarwal Ravi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a major cause of maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidities. Our objective was to estimate the effect of both pre-pregnancy and gestational DM on the growth parameters of newborns in the Qatari population.

Methods
In this population-based cohort study, we compared the data of neonates born to Qatari women with both pre-pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus in 2017 with neonates of healthy non-diabetic Qatari women.

Results
Out of a total of 17020 live births in 2017, 5195 newborns were born to Qatari women. Of these, 1260 were born to women with GDM, 152 were born to women with pre-pregnancy DM and 3783 neonates were born to healthy non-diabetic (control) women. The prevalence of GDM in the Qatari population in 2017 was 24.25%. HbA1C% before delivery was significantly higher in women with pre-pregnancy DM (mean 6.19 ± 1.15) compared to those with GDM (mean 5.28 ± 0.43) (P <0.0001). The mean birth weight in grams was 3066.01 ± 603.42 in the control group compared to 3156.73 ± 577.88 in infants born to women with GDM and 3048.78 ± 677.98 in infants born to women with pre-pregnancy DM (P <0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference regarding the mean length (P= 0.080), head circumference (P= 0.514), and rate of major congenital malformations (P= 0.211). Macrosomia (Birth weight > 4000 gm) was observed in 2.7% of the control group compared to 4.8% in infants born to women with GDM, and 4.6% in infants born to women with pre-pregnancy DM (P= 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that higher maternal age (adjusted OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.93, 2.52, P<0.0001), obesity before pregnancy (adjusted OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.30, 2.23, P<0.0001), type of delivery C-section (adjusted OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.09, 1.44, P=0.002), and body weight to gestational age LGA (adjusted OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.64, 2.34, P<0.0001) were significantly associated with increased risk of GDM.

Conclusion
Despite the multi-disciplinary antenatal diabetic care management, there is still an increased birth weight and an increased prevalence of macrosomia among the infants of diabetic mothers. More efforts should be addressed to improve the known modifiable factors such as women's adherence to the diabetic control program. Furthermore, pre-pregnancy BMI was found to be significantly associated with gestational DM, and this is a factor that can be addressed during pre-conceptional counseling.
Frequency and severity of prehospital obstetric events encountered by emergency medical services in the United States
Authors: Cash Rebecca E. , Swor Robert A. , Samuels-Kalow Margaret , Eisenbrey David , Kaimal Anjali J. , Camargo Carlos A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Prehospital obstetric events encountered by emergency medical services (EMS) can be high-risk patient presentations for which suboptimal care can cause substantial morbidity and mortality. The frequency of prehospital obstetric events is unclear because existing descriptions have reported obstetric and gynecological conditions together, without delineating specific patient presentations. Our objective was to identify the types, frequency, and acuity of prehospital obstetric events treated by EMS personnel in the US.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of EMS patient care records in the 2018 National EMS Information System dataset (n=22,532,890). We focused on EMS activations (i.e., calls for service) for an emergency scene response for patients aged 12-50 years with evidence of an obstetric event. Type of obstetric event was determined by examining patient symptoms, the treating EMS provider’s impression (i.e., field diagnosis), and procedures performed. High patient acuity was ascertained by EMS documentation of patient status and application of the modified early obstetric warning system (MEOWS) criteria, with concordance assessed using Cohen’s kappa. Descriptive statistics were calculated to describe the primary symptoms, impressions, and frequency of each type of obstetric event among these activations.

Results
A total of 107,771 (0.6%) of EMS emergency activations were identified as involving an obstetric event. The most common presentation was early or threatened labor (15%). Abdominal complaints, including pain and other digestive/abdomen signs and symptoms, was the most common primary symptom (29%) and primary impression (18%). We identified 3,489 (3%) out-of-hospital deliveries, of which 1,504 were preterm. Overall, EMS providers documented 34% of patients as being high acuity, similar to the MEOWS criteria (35%); however, there were high rates of missing data for EMS documented acuity (19%), poor concordance between the two measures (Cohen’s kappa=0.12), and acuity differences for specific conditions (e.g., high acuity of non-cephalic presentations, 77% in EMS documentation versus 53% identified by MEOWS).

Conclusion
Prehospital obstetric events were infrequently encountered by EMS personnel, and about one-third were high acuity. Additional work to understand the epidemiology and clinical care of these patients by EMS would help to optimize prehospital care and outcomes.
Influenza vaccine uptake among at-risk adults (aged 16–64 years) in the UK: a retrospective database analysis
Authors: Oakley Simon , Bouchet Julien , Costello Paul , Parker James 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
In the UK, annual influenza vaccination is currently recommended for adults aged 16–64 years who are in a clinical at-risk group. Despite recommendations, rates of vaccine uptake in the UK have historically been low and below national and international targets. This study aims to analyse vaccine uptake among adults in clinical at-risk groups from the 2015–2016 influenza season to the present.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of influenza vaccine coverage in the UK was conducted using data extracted from publicly available sources. Clinically at-risk individuals (as defined by Public Health England), including pregnant women, aged 16–64 years, were included in this study.

Results
Influenza vaccination coverage rates across the UK in adults aged 16–64 years in a clinical at-risk group have been consistently low over the past 5 years, with only 48.0, 42.4, 44.1 and 52.4% of eligible patients in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland receiving their annual influenza vaccination during the 2018–2019 influenza season. Influenza vaccine coverage was lowest in patients with morbid obesity and highest in patients with diabetes in 2018–2019. Coverage rates were below current national ambitions of ≥75% in all clinical risk groups. In these clinical at-risk groups, influenza vaccine coverage decreased between 2015 and 2019, and there was considerable regional variation.

Conclusions
Uptake of the influenza vaccine by adults aged 16–64 years in a clinical at-risk group was substantially below the national ambitions. As a result, many individuals in the UK remain at high risk of developing severe influenza or complications. Given that people who are vulnerable to COVID-19 are also at increased risk of complications from influenza, during the 2020–2021 season, there is a heightened need for healthcare professionals across the UK to address suboptimal vaccine uptake, particularly in at-risk patients. Healthcare professionals and policymakers should consider measures targeted at increasing access to and awareness of the clinical benefits of the influenza vaccine.