bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting clinical outcomes in COVID-19 using radiomics on chest radiographs
Authors: Varghese Bino Abel , Shin Heeseop , Desai Bhushan , Gholamrezanezhad Ali , Lei Xiaomeng , Perkins Melissa , Oberai Assad , Nanda Neha , Cen Steven , Duddalwar Vinay 
Published: September 2021

Objectives
For optimal utilization of healthcare resources, there is a critical need for early identification of COVID-19 patients at risk of poor prognosis as defined by the need for intensive unit care and mechanical ventilation. We tested the feasibility of chest X-ray (CXR)-based radiomics metrics to develop machine-learning algorithms for predicting patients with poor outcomes.

Methods
In this Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) compliant, retrospective study, we evaluated CXRs performed around the time of admission from 167 COVID-19 patients. Of the 167 patients, 68 (40.72%) required intensive care during their stay, 45 (26.95%) required intubation, and 25 (14.97%) died. Lung opacities were manually segmented using ITK-SNAP (open-source software). CaPTk (open-source software) was used to perform 2D radiomics analysis.

Results
Of all the algorithms considered, the AdaBoost classifier performed the best with AUC = 0.72 to predict the need for intubation, AUC = 0.71 to predict death, and AUC = 0.61 to predict the need for admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). AdaBoost had similar performance with ElasticNet in predicting the need for admission to ICU. Analysis of the key radiomic metrics that drive model prediction and performance showed the importance of first-order texture metrics compared to other radiomics panel metrics. Using a Venn-diagram analysis, two first-order texture metrics and one second-order texture metric that consistently played an important role in driving model performance in all three outcome predictions were identified.

Conclusions:
Considering the quantitative nature and reliability of radiomic metrics, they can be used prospectively as prognostic markers to individualize treatment plans for COVID-19 patients and also assist with healthcare resource management.

Advances in knowledge
We report on the performance of CXR-based imaging metrics extracted from RT-PCR positive COVID-19 patients at admission to develop machine-learning algorithms for predicting the need for ICU, the need for intubation, and mortality, respectively.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on corticosteroid injection services: A National Survey of Members of the British Society of Skeletal Radiologists (BSSR)
Authors: Dalili Danoob , Fairhead Rory , Mermekli Asimenia , Papanikitas Joseph , Teh James , Hughes Richard , Fascia Daniel , McKean David 
Published: September 2021

Objective
To describe the restructuring of services by British radiologists in response to evolving national guidelines and highlight the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the treatment of musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions.

Methods
An online anonymised survey was distributed via the British Society of Skeletal Radiology (BSSR) members forum in November 2020. Responses were collated using a standardised Google form including 21 questions.

Results
135 members of the BSSR completed the survey. 85% of respondents stopped performing corticosteroid injections (CSI) during the initial lockdown of the pandemic. This was primarily influenced by national guidelines. The majority of respondents initially abstained from offered CSI procedures, then by November 2020, 69% of respondents were providing CSI for high and low risk patients, 23% were only providing CSI for low-risk patients with 8% still not performing any CSI. 40% of respondents reported routinely obtaining specific written consent regarding the risk of COVID-19. Approximately, 11,000 CSI were performed by respondents between March and November 2020 with no reported significant COVID-19-related complications. Over 80% of BSSR members reported that the number of CSI procedures that they performed dropped by more than 80% compared to usual. 73% of respondents reported an increased backlog of patients awaiting treatment. The average waiting time for routine outpatient CSI treatment was &gt; 12 weeks in 53% of responses, compared to 34% the previous year.

Conclusion
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the clinical practices of MSK radiologists in the UK. Our survey highlights the rapid response of BSSR members as national guidelines evolved. Currently, the majority of respondents are performing CSI for musculoskeletal conditions when clinically indicated, with enhanced consent. However, the pandemic has resulted in increased waiting times – delaying the treatment of patients who may be suffering with significant pain and disability. Further research is warranted to provide guidance around both service recovery and provision of CSI around COVID-19 vaccination schedules.

Advances in knowledge
BSSR members responded rapidly to changing guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic. The majority of respondents are currently performing CSI when clinically indicated. The pandemic has resulted in a significant increase in waiting times which will have a significant impact on UK musculoskeletal services.
Potential role of functional imaging in predicting outcome for patients treated with carbon ion therapy: a review
Authors: Riva Giulia , Imparato Sara , Savietto Giovanni , Pecorilla Mattia , Iannalfi Alberto , Barcellini Amelia , Ronchi Sara , Fiore Maria Rosaria , Paganelli Chiara , Buizza Giulia , Ciocca Mario , Baroni Guido , Preda Lorenzo , Orlandi Ester 
Published: September 2021

Objective: Carbon ion radiation therapy (CIRT) is an emerging radiation technique with advantageous physical and radiobiologic properties compared to conventional radiotherapy (RT) providing better response in case of radioresistant and hypoxic tumors. Our aim is to critically review if functional imaging techniques could play a role in predicting outcome of CIRT-treated tumors, as already proven for conventional RT. Methods: 14 studies, concerning Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET), were selected after a comprehensive search on multiple electronic databases from January 2000 to March 2020. Results: MRI studies (n = 5) focused on diffusion-weighted MRI and, even though quantitative parameters were the same in all studies (apparent diffusion coefficient, ADC), results were not univocal, probably due to different imaging acquisition protocols and tumoral histology. For PET studies (n = 9), different tracers were used such as [18F]FDG and other uncommon tracers ([11C]MET, [18F]FLT), with a relevant heterogeneity regarding parameters used for outcome assessment. Conclusion: No conclusion can be drawn on the predictive value of functional imaging in CIRT-treated tumors. A standardization of image acquisition, multi-institutional large trials and external validations are needed in order to establish the prognostic value of functional imaging in CIRT and to guide clinical practice. Advances in knowledge: Emerging studies focused on functional imaging’s role in predicting CIRT outcome. Due to the heterogeneity of images acquisition and studies, results are conflicting and prospective large studies with imaging standardized protocol are needed.
Impact of cone beam CT on diagnosis of external cervical resorption: the severity of resorption assessed in periapical radiographs and cone beam CT. A prospective clinical study
Authors: Suhr Villefrance Julie , Kirkevang Lise-Lotte , Wenzel Ann , Væth Michael , Matzen Louise Hauge 
Published: September 2021

Objectives: To compare the severity of external cervical resorption (ECR) observed in periapical (PA) images and cone beam CT (CBCT) using the Heithersay classification system and pulp involvement; and to assess inter- and intraobserver reproducibility for three observers. Methods: CBCT examination was performed in 245 teeth (in 190 patients, mean age 40 years, range 12–82) with ECR diagnosed in PA images. Three observers scored the severity of ECR using the Heithersay classification system (severity class 1–4) and pulp involvement (yes/no) in both PA images and CBCT. Percentage concordance and κ-statistics described observer variation in PA images and CBCT for both inter- and intraobserver reproducibility. Results: For all three observers, the ECR score was the same in the two modalities in more than half of cases (average 59%; obs1: 54%, obs2: 63%, obs3: 61%). However, in 38% (obs1: 44%, obs2: 33%, obs3: 36%) of the cases, the observers scored more severe ECR in CBCT than in PA images (p < 0.001). The ECR score changed to a less severe score in CBCT only in 3% (obs1: 1%, obs2: 4%, obs3: 4%). For pulp involvement, 14% (obs1: 7%, obs2: 20%, obs3: 15%) of the cases changed from “no” in PA images to “yes” in CBCT. In general, κ values were higher for CBCT than for PA images for both the Heithersay classification score and pulp involvement. Conclusions: ECR was generally scored as more severe in CBCT than PA images using the Heithersay classification and also more cases had pulp involvement in CBCT.
Computed tomography imaging superimposition protocols to assess outcomes in orthognathic surgery: a systematic review with comprehensive recommendations
Authors: Andriola Fernando de Oliveira , Haas Junior Orion Luiz , Guijarro-Martínez Raquel , Hernández-Alfaro Federico , Oliveira Rogério Belle de , Pagnoncelli Rogério Miranda , Swennen Gwen RJ 
Published: September 2021

Objectives: A systematic review was performed to analyze the current evidence on three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) superimposition protocols used to assess dentomaxillofacial changes after orthognathic and orthofacial surgery. Accuracy, reproducibility, and efficiency were evaluated. Methods: The search was divided into Main Search (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, LILACS, and SciELO), Grey Literature search (Google Scholar and Open Grey), and Manual search. Thirteen studies were included. Of these, 10 reported data on accuracy, 10 on reproducibility and five on efficiency. Seven proposed or evaluated methods of voxel-based superimposition, three focused on the surface-based technique, one compared surface- and voxel-based superimposition protocols, one used the maximum mutual information algorithm, and one described a landmark-based superimposition method. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was the most common imaging technique, being used in 10 studies. Results: The accuracy of most methods was high, showing mean differences smaller than voxels’ dimensions, ranging between 0.05 and 1.76 mm for translational accuracy, and 0.10–1.09° for rotational accuracy. The overall reproducibility was considered good as demonstrated by the small mean error (range: 0.01–0.26 mm) and high correlation coefficients (range: 0.53–1.00). Timing to complete virtual superimposition techniques ranged between a few seconds up to 40 min. Conclusions: Voxel-based superimposition protocols presented the highest accuracy and reproducibility. Moreover, superimposition protocols that used automated processes and involved only one software were the most efficient.
Tactical Design of Same-Day Delivery Systems
Authors: Stroh Alexander M. , Erera Alan L. , Toriello Alejandro 
Published: September 2021

We study tactical models for the design of same-day delivery (SDD) systems. Same-day fulfillment in e-commerce has seen substantial growth in recent years, and the underlying management of such services is complex. Although the literature includes operational models to study SDD, they tend to be detailed, complex, and computationally difficult to solve, and thus may not provide any insight into tactical SDD design variables and their impact on the average performance of the system. We propose a simplified vehicle-dispatching model that captures the “average” behavior of an SDD system from a single stocking location by utilizing continuous approximation techniques. We analyze the structure of optimal vehicle-dispatching policies given our model for two important instance families—the single-vehicle case and the case in which the delivery fleet is large—and develop techniques to find these policies that require only simple computations. We also leverage these results to analyze the case of a finite fleet, proposing a heuristic policy with a worst-case approximation guarantee. We then demonstrate with several example problem settings how this model and these policies can help answer various tactical design questions, including how to select a fleet size, determine an order cutoff time, and combine SDD and overnight order delivery operations. We validate model predictions empirically against a detailed operational model in a computational case study using geographic and Census data for the northeastern metro Atlanta region, and we demonstrate that our model predicts the average number of orders served and dispatch time to within 1%. This paper was accepted by Jay Swaminathan, operations management.
Autologous protein solution: a promising solution for osteoarthritis?
Authors: Bin Abd Razak Hamid Rahmatullah , Chew Daniel , Kazezian Zepur , Bull Anthony M.J. 
Published: September 2021

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a global health issue with myriad pathophysiological factors and is one of the most common causes of chronic disability in adults due to pain and altered joint function. The end stage of OA develops from a destructive inflammatory cycle, driven by the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). Owing to the less predictable results of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in younger patients presenting with knee OA, there has been a surge in research evaluating less invasive biological treatment options, one of which is autologous protein solution (APS). APS is an autologous blood derivative obtained by using a proprietary device, made of APS separator, which isolates white blood cells (WBCs) and platelets in a small volume of plasma, and APS concentrator, which further concentrates platelets, WBCs and plasma proteins, resulting in a concentrated solution with high levels of growth factors including the anti-inflammatory mediators against IL-1β and TNFα. A single intraarticular injection of APS appears to be a promising solution for treatment of early-stage OA from current evidence, the majority of which comes from preclinical studies. More clinical studies are needed before APS can be widely accepted as a treatment modality for OA. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:716-726. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200040
Modular neck stems in total hip arthroplasty: current concepts
Authors: Solarino Giuseppe , Vicenti Giovanni , Carrozzo Massimiliano , Ottaviani Guglielmo , Moretti Biagio , Zagra Luigi 
Published: September 2021

Modular neck (MN) implants can restore the anatomy, especially in deformed hips such as sequelae of development dysplasia. Early designs for MN implants had problems with neck fractures and adverse local tissue, so their use was restricted to limited indications. Results of the latest generation of MN prostheses seem to demonstrate that these problems have been at least mitigated. Given the results of the studies presented in this review, surgeons might consider MN total hip arthroplasty (THA) for a narrower patient selection when a complex reconstruction is required. Long MN THA should be avoided in case of body mass index > 30, and should be used with extreme caution in association with high offset femoral necks with long or extra-long heads. Cr-Co necks should be abandoned, in favour of a titanium alloy connection. Restoring the correct anatomic femoral offset remains a challenge in THA surgeries. MN implants have been introduced to try to solve this problem. The MN design allows surgeons to choose the appropriate degree and length of the neck for desired stability and range of motion. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:751-758. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200064
Choosing patient-reported outcome measures for shoulder pathology
Authors: Padua Roberto , de Girolamo Laura , Grassi Alberto , Cucchi Davide 
Published: September 2021

This study was designed to identify the most frequent shoulder patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) reported in high-quality literature. A systematic review was performed to identify shoulder PROMs, and their diffusion within the scientific literature was tested with a subsequent dedicated search in MEDLINE. 506 studies were included in the final data analysis, for a total number of 36,553 patients. The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (DASH), the American Shoulder, Elbow Surgeons Score (ASES) and the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) were the most frequently reported PROMs in the analysed publications, with disease-specific PROMs being used with increasing frequency. A core set of outcome measures for future studies on patients with shoulder pathologies, based on the international acceptance and diffusion of each PROM, is needed. A combination of the DASH score for shoulder outcome assessment with more specific PROMs, such as the ASES for rotator cuff pathology and osteoarthritis and the SPADI for shoulder stiffness and shoulder pain of unspecified origin, is proposed as a recommended set of PROMs.Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:779-787. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200109
Cubital tunnel syndrome
Authors: Burahee Abdus S. , Sanders Andrew D. , Shirley Colin , Power Dominic M. 
Published: September 2021

Cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS) is the second most common compression neuropathy of the upper limb, presenting with disturbance of ulnar nerve sensory and motor function. The ulnar nerve may be dynamically compressed during movement, statically compressed due to reduction in tunnel volume or compliance, and tension forces may cause ischaemia or render the nerve susceptible to subluxation, further causing local swelling, compression inflammation and fibrosis. Superiority of one surgical technique for the management of CuTS has not been demonstrated. Different techniques are selected for different clinical situations with simple decompression being the most common procedure due to its efficacy and low complication rate. Adjunctive distal nerve transfer for denervated muscles using an expendable motor nerve to restore the axon population in the distal nerve is in its infancy but may provide a solution for severe intrinsic weakness or paralysis.Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:743-750. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200129
Osteosynthesis or non-operative treatment of the fibula for distal lower-leg fractures with tibial nailing: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Frodl Andreas , Erdle Benjamin , Schmal Hagen 
Published: September 2021

Fibular fixation to treat distal lower-leg fractures is a controversial intervention. To ensure better stability itself, better rotational stability, and to prevent secondary valgus dislocation – all these are justifications for addressing the fibula via osteosynthesis. High surgical costs followed by increased risks are compelling reasons against it. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature for rates of malunion and malrotation, as well as infections and nonunions. We conducted a systematic review searching the Cochrane, PubMed, and Ovid databases. Inclusion criteria were modified Coleman Methodology Score (mCMS) > 60, a distal lower-leg fracture treated by nailing, and adult patients. Biomechanical and cadaver studies were excluded. Relevant articles were reviewed independently by referring to title and abstract. In a meta-analysis, we compared five studies and 741 patients. A significantly lower rate of valgus/varus deviation is associated with fixation of the fibula (OR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.29–0.82; p = .006). A higher risk for pseudarthrosis was revealed when the fibula underwent surgical therapy, but not significantly (OR = 1.46; 95% CI: 0.76–2.79; p = .26). Nevertheless, we noted an increased risk of postoperative wound infection following fibular plating (OR = 1.90; 95% CI: 1.21–2.99; p = .005). There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of nonunions between the two groups. Overall, the stabilization of the fibula may reduce secondary valgus/varus dislocation in distal lower-leg fractures but is associated with an increased risk of postoperative wound infections. The indication for fibula plating should be made individually.Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:816-822. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.210003
Current concepts in graft selection for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Baawa-Ameyaw Joanna , Plastow Ricci , Begum Fahima Aarah , Kayani Babar , Jeddy Hyder , Haddad Fares 
Published: September 2021

Graft selection for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is important for optimizing post-operative rehabilitation, facilitating return to full sporting function and reducing the risk of complications. The most commonly used grafts for ACLR include hamstring tendon autografts, bone–patellar tendon–bone autografts, quadriceps tendon autografts, allografts and synthetic grafts. This instructional review explores the existing literature on clinical outcomes with these different graft types for ACLR and provides an evidence-based approach for graft selection in ACLR. The existing evidence on the use of extra-articular tenodesis to provide additional rotational stability during ACLR is also revisited. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:808-815. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.210023
Artificial neural networks applied in fast-designing ultrabroad bandgap elliptical hole dielectric mode photonic crystal nanobeam cavity
Authors: Gou Zixing , Wang Chao , Yang Ying , Han Zhe , Nie Tongyu , Tian Huiping 
Published: September 2021

Artificial neural networks are employed to predict the band structure of the one-dimensional photonic crystal nanobeam, and to inverse-design the geometry structure with on-demand band edges. The data sets generated by 3D finite-difference time-domain based on elliptical-shaped hole nanobeams are used to train the networks and evaluate the networks’ accuracy. Based on the well-trained forward prediction and inverse-design network, an ultrabroad bandgap elliptical hole dielectric mode nanobeam cavity is designed. The bandgap achieves 77.7 THz for the center segment of the structure, and the whole designing process takes only 0.73 s. The approach can also be expanded to fast-design elliptical hole air mode nanobeam cavities. The present work is of significance for further research on the application of artificial neural networks in photonic crystal cavities and other optical devices design.
Measurement and compensation of a stitching error in a DMD-based step-stitching photolithography system
Authors: Zhou Shuang , Lu Zifeng , Yuan Qixiang , Wu Guangkun , Liu Chunxia , Liu Hua 
Published: September 2021

The step-stitching issue occurring in digital micromirror device (DMD)-based step lithography, which refers to overlapping and misalignment, has dramatically influenced the overall accuracy of the exposed patterns. To address this technical challenge, this paper proposes a testing method to resolve the system tolerance parameters, inclination angle with

0.060

∘

±

0.003
∘

, and magnification with

3.60399

±

0.00020

, which induce the stitching problem. With these two parameters, a compensation strategy on motion is implemented to precisely control the step distance of the stage so that the edge-to-edge stitching error is reduced to about 0.150 µm and the corner-to-corner stitching error is less than 0.500 µm. The changes of the linewidth induced by the displacement error due to the stage control accuracy and illumination nonuniformity caused by the light source are simulated and analyzed, and the image preprocessing method based on a gradual grayscale mask is employed to improve the quality of stitching. Using this method, the linewidth difference is controlled to be within 0.150 µm. After finishing all the corrections and imaging preprocessing, the transverse error has become almost invisible, and the longitudinal error has been reduced by 97.72%. Experimental results demonstrate that the improved stitching accuracy could achieve high-fidelity devices.