bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in treatment strategy for coronary artery aneurysms: Insights from the international Coronary Artery Aneurysm Registry
Authors: Arslan F. , Núñez-Gil I. J. , Rodríguez-Olivares R. , Cerrato E. , Bollati M. , Nombela-Franco L. , Terol B. , Alfonso-Rodríguez E. , Camacho Freire S. J. , Villablanca P. A. , Amat Santos I. J. , De la Torre Hernández J. M. , Pascual I. , Liebetrau C. , Alkhouli M. , Fernández-Ortiz A. ,   Coronary Artery Aneurysm Registry (CAAR) investigators
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Sex disparities exist in coronary artery disease (CAD) in terms of risk profile, clinical management and outcome. It is unclear if differences are also present in coronary aneurysms, a rare variant of CAD.

Methods
Patients were selected from the international Coronary Artery Aneurysm Registry (CAAR; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02563626), and differences between groups were analysed according to sex. The CAAR database is a prospective multicentre registry of 1565 patients with coronary aneurysms (336 females). Kaplan-Meier method was used for event-free survival analysis for death, major adverse cardiac events (MACE: composite endpoint of death, heart failure and acute coronary syndrome) and bleeding.

Results
Female patients were older, were more often hypertensive and less frequently smoker. They were treated conservatively more often compared to male patients and received significantly less frequently aspirin (92% vs 88%, p = 0.002) or dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) (67% vs 58%, p = 0.001) at discharge. Median DAPT duration was also shorter (3 vs 9 months, p = 0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed no sex differences in death, MACE or bleeding during a median follow-up duration of 37 months, although male patients did experience acute coronary syndrome (ACS) more often during follow-up (15% vs 10%, p = 0.015).

Conclusions
These CAAR findings showed a comparable high-risk cardiovascular risk profile for both sexes. Female patients were treated conservatively more often and received DAPT less often at discharge, with a shorter DAPT duration. ACS was more prevalent among male patients; however, overall clinical outcome was not different between male and female patients during follow-up.
Risk Information Sources for Snow Disaster Risk Preparedness in Scotland
Authors: Adekola Josephine , Renaud Fabrice , Hill Carol 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHeavy snow disruptions are common and costly occurrences in the UK, including Scotland. Yet, heavy snow remains an underresearched aspect of disaster risks in Scotland. This study critically examined the 2018 heavy snow event in Scotland referred to as the “Beast from the East” (BfE) in order to explore the different sources of information used by the public in preparation for and response to heavy snow emergencies. Our study also examined the effectiveness of BfE risk communication between authorities and the public and sought to determine if there is a relationship between risk information received and the intention to mitigate risk. Data were collected through a semistructured survey from (n = 180) residents of the Annandale and Eskdale region of Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. Our analysis shows that public authority information sources were the most sought-after information sources, followed by online and web sources. We found statistically significant differences between groups (such as age, gender, and mobility/disability) in terms of using risk information sources. Further analysis shows that the relationship between information received and the intention to mitigate risks is not linear but influenced by intervening variables such as work pressures, financial commitment, and stakeholders’ expectations. We argue that where full adherence to official risk advice is required, policymakers should carefully consider issues around these three factors.
COVID-19 Infection Is Associated With New Onset Erectile Dysfunction: Insights From a National Registry
Authors: Chu Kevin Y. , Nackeeran Sirpi , Horodyski Laura , Masterson Thomas A. , Ramasamy Ranjith 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Introduction
The short- and long-term effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on erectile function and penile vasculature remains poorly understood and is of particular importance as the virus has been found to be present within the penile tissue.

Aim
We determined the association of COVID-19 infection and subsequent diagnoses of erectile dysfunction.

Methods
We assessed the risk of ED in men with COVID-19 in the United States (US) using the TriNetX Research Network, a federated electronic medical records network of over 42 healthcare organizations and 66 million patients from the US. We identified adult men (≥ 18 years) with a recorded COVID-19 infection (ICD-10-CM B34.2, U07.1, U07.2, J12.81, J12.82, B97.29) since January 1, 2020, and compared them to an equivalent number of adult men who did not have COVID-19 over the same timeframe. Men with prior history or diagnosis of ED before January 1, 2020 were excluded. We accounted for confounding variables through propensity score matching for age, race, body mass index (BMI), and history of the following comorbid medical conditions: diabetes mellitus (E11), hypertension (I10), ischemic heart disease (I20-25), or hyperlipidemia (E78).

Outcomes
We assessed the association between COVID-19 and ED (N52) as a primary outcome through regression analysis with statistical significance assessed at P&lt; .05.

Results
Prior to propensity score matching, men with COVID-19 were found to be older than men without COVID-19 (47.1 ± 21.4 vs 42.4 ± 24.3 years). Additionally, men with COVID-19 were noted to have increased prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) when compared to men without COVID-19 (13% DM and 27% HTN vs 7% DM and 22% HTN). After propensity score matching, we compared 230,517 men with COVID-19 to 232,645 men without COVID-19 and found that COVID-19 diagnosis was significantly associated with ED (odds ratio 1.20, 95% confidence interval 1.004–1.248, P= .04).

Clinical Implications
Our findings indicate that clinicians should consider evaluating erectile dysfunction among men with recent COVID-19 diagnoses and counsel them regarding the risk of developing erectile dysfunction.

Strengths and Limitations
Strengths include large sample size and adjustment for confounding variables. Limitations include reliance on a global federated dataset, retrospective study design, and lack of data regarding ED (mild vs moderate vs severe), COVID-19 infection severity, or history of prostate cancer and radiation,

Conclusion
There is an increased chance of new onset erectile dysfunction post-COVID-19 infection.
Opportunities and challenges in targeted therapy and immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Cao Dujuan , Song Qianqian , Li Junqi , Jiang Yuanyuan , Wang Zhimin , Lu Shuangshuang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most malignant tumours with a poor prognosis. In recent years, the incidence of pancreatic cancer is on the rise. Traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy for pancreatic cancer have been improved, first-line and second-line palliative treatments have been developed, and adjuvant treatments have also been used in clinical. However, the 5-year survival rate is still less than 10% and new treatment methods such as targeted therapy and immunotherapy need to be investigated. In the past decades, many clinical trials of targeted therapies and immunotherapies for pancreatic cancer were launched and some of them showed an ideal prospect in a subgroup of pancreatic cancer patients. The experience of both success and failure of these clinical trials will be helpful to improve these therapies in the future. Therefore, the current research progress and challenges of selected targeted therapies and immunotherapies for pancreatic cancer are reviewed.
Do constituents know (or care) about the lawmaking effectiveness of their representatives?
Authors: Butler Daniel M. , Hughes Adam G. , Volden Craig , Wiseman Alan E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSubstantial evidence exists that members of the US Congress vary in their lawmaking effectiveness. Less known, however, is whether constituents are sufficiently informed and inclined to hold their representatives accountable, based on their effectiveness. We conduct two separate survey experiments, informing some constituents about lawmakers' effectiveness and comparing their responses to those with the baseline level of information. We find that voters demonstrate little knowledge of their elected officials' lawmaking effectiveness. When presented with objective and credible information about lawmaking effectiveness, however, respondents express greater approval of more effective lawmakers. Effects are strongest among ideological moderates, but are even pronounced among partisans, who approve of effective representatives of the opposing party, and disapprove of ineffective representatives from their own party.
What are we doing when we perceive numbers?
Authors: Jones Max , Zahidi Karim , Hutto Daniel D. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Clarke and Beck rightly contend that the number sense allows us to directly perceive number. However, they unnecessarily assume a representationalist approach and incur a heavy theoretical cost by invoking “modes of presentation.” We suggest that the relevant evidence is better explained by adopting a radical enactivist approach that avoids characterizing the approximate number system (ANS) as a system for representing number.
Positing numerosities may be metaphysically extravagant; positing representation of numerosities is not
Authors: Brown Simon A. B. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Clarke and Beck (C&B) assume that approximate number system (ANS) representations should be assigned referents from our scientific ontology. However, many representations, both in perception and cognition, do not straightforwardly refer to such entities. If we reject C&B's assumption, many possible contents for ANS representations besides number are compatible with the evidence C&B cite.
Conceptual Art and Aesthetic Ideas
Authors: Costello Diarmuid 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper considers whether Kant’s aesthetics withstands the challenge of conceptual art. I begin by looking at two competing views of conceptual art by recent philosophers, before settling on an ‘inclusive’ view of the form: conceptual art includes both ‘strong’ and ‘weak’ non-perceptual art (NPA). I then set out two kinds of conceptual complexity that I argue are implicated by all aesthetic judgements of art (as art) on Kant’s view: the concept of art itself, and the idea the work is meant to express (dependent beauty and aesthetic ideas, respectively). I go on to demonstrate the applicability of Kant’s aesthetics to conceptual art by considering two works by Lawrence Weiner, which I take to be a work of work of weak and strong NPA respectively.
A brief epistemological discussion of astrotheology in the light of astrobiology
Authors: Chon-Torres Octavio A. , Szocik Konrad 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAstrotheology is presented as a discipline of study that manages to complement theology and science. It considers that each one has its own role and that as long as there is no reductionism that wants to monopolize the place of the other, fluid communication between both is possible. Therefore, it is worth examining epistemologically astrotheology in the light of astrobiology. To achieve this, we will highlight the aspect of experience in order to relate it to transdisciplinarity.
From Extraordinary Success to No Considerable Results: Victorian Music Entrepreneurialism and the Crystal Palace Brass Band Competition 1860–1863
Authors: Boardman Philip 
Published: December 2021

The July 1860 Crystal Palace Brass Band contest brought brass bands out of their heartlands to London in unprecedented numbers,The Times(12 July 1860, 9), lauding its success as ‘quite extraordinary’. This landmark event was repeated in three successive years, but in 1863 it was abruptly terminated, and no cogent explanation has been established for its failure. The entrepreneur organizing the contests, Enderby Jackson, later wrote in his autobiography that other business dealings prevented him from further involvement in the series. Jackson had made full use of his talents and contacts to bring these remarkable working-class musical ensembles to the emergent national attraction that was the Crystal Palace. However, Jackson's manipulation of publicity and managerial style obstruct easy analysis of the contests. Moreover, Jackson later sought to protect his legacy by conjuring a smokescreen in his memoirs to obscure the real reasons for the failure of the Crystal Palace contests after 1863.The entrepreneurial environment is never a stable one, and it should not be presumed that the accolades accorded to the opening contest would translate into its continuance on an annual basis. However, the fact that the contests were attended by many thousands of visitors each year and Jackson's assertion that they were a financial success stand in stark contrast to what is implied by their sudden end. This article demonstrates how close examination of previously unconsidered letters, surviving documentation, and other sources cast doubt on whether the contest series was ever an extraordinary success.
High‐Precision Earthquake Location Using Source‐Specific Station Terms and Inter‐Event Waveform Similarity
Authors: Lomax Anthony , Savvaidis Alexandros 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEarthquake monitoring and many seismological studies depend on earthquake locations from phase arrival‐times. We present an extended, arrival‐time earthquake location procedure (NLL‐SSST‐coherence) which approaches the precision of differential‐timing based, relative location methods. NLL‐SSST‐coherence is based on the probabilistic, global‐search NonLinLoc (NLL) location algorithm which defines a probability density function (PDF) in 3D space for hypocenter location and is highly robust to outlier data. NLL‐SSST‐coherence location first reduces velocity model error through iteratively generated, smooth, source‐specific, station travel‐time corrections (SSST). Next, arrival‐time error is reduced by consolidating location information across events based on inter‐event waveform coherency. If the waveforms at a station for multiple events are very similar (have high coherency) up to a given frequency, then the distance separating these “multiplet” events is small relative to the seismic wavelength at that frequency. NLL‐coherence relocation for a target event is a stack over 3D space of the NLL‐SSST location PDF for the event and the PDF's for other multiplet events, each weighted by its waveform coherency with the target. NLL‐coherence relocation requires waveforms from only one or a few seismic stations, enabling precise relocation with sparse networks, for foreshocks and early aftershocks of significant events before installation of temporary stations, and for older data sets with few waveform data. We show the behavior and performance of NLL‐SSST‐coherence with synthetic and ground‐truth tests, and through application and comparison to relative locations for California earthquake sequences with dense and sparse station coverage.
Comparison of Deep Learning Techniques for the Investigation of a Seismic Sequence: An Application to the 2019, Mw 4.5 Mugello (Italy) Earthquake
Authors: Cianetti S. , Bruni R. , Gaviano S. , Keir D. , Piccinini D. , Saccorotti G. , Giunchi C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe increase of available seismic data prompts the need for automatic processing procedures to fully exploit them. A good example is aftershock sequences recorded by temporary seismic networks, whose thorough analysis is challenging because of the high seismicity rate and station density. Here, we test the performance of two recent Deep Learning algorithms, the Generalized Phase Detection and Earthquake Transformer, for automatic seismic phases identification. We use data from the December 2019 Mugello basin (Northern Apennines, Italy) swarm, recorded on 13 permanent and nine temporary stations, applying these automatic procedures under different network configurations. As a benchmark, we use a catalog of 279 manually repicked earthquakes reported by the Italian National Seismic Network. Due to the ability of deep learning techniques to identify earthquakes under poor signal‐to‐noise‐ratio (SNR) conditions, we obtain: (a) a factor 3 increase in the number of locations with respect to INGV bulletin and (b) a factor 4 increase when stations from the temporary network are added. Comparison between deep learning and manually picked arrival times shows a mean difference of 0.02–0.04 s and a variance in the range 0.02–0.07 s. The improvement in magnitude completeness is ∼0.5 units. The deep learning algorithms were originally trained using data sets from different regions of the world: our results indicate that these can be successfully applied in our case, without any significant modification. Deep learning algorithms are efficient and accurate tools for data reprocessing in order to better understand the space‐time evolution of earthquake sequences.
Wave‐Current Interactions During Hurricanes Earl and Igor in the Northwest Atlantic
Authors: Lin Shangfei , Sheng Jinyu , Ohashi Kyoko , Song Qingtao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInteractions between surface waves and ocean currents over the northwest Atlantic during Hurricanes Earl and Igor (2010) are investigated using a coupled wave‐circulation model and observational data. Our results show that the coupled model improves the model performance in simulating the surface waves, sea level, water temperature, and salinity. By including the wave‐current interactions (WCIs), the maximum significant wave heights (SWHs) are reduced by more than 10% along the storm tracks and more than 20% over eddies. In the Gulf of Maine (GoM), the simulated SWHs and peak wave periods are also modulated by strong tidal currents. Surface waves, in turn, reduce the semidiurnal tidal amplitudes (up to ∼9%) and currents (up to ∼40%) in the GoM due mainly to the wave‐enhanced bottom stress. Surface waves also increase the peak storm surge (up to ∼19%) during these hurricanes, which is mostly attributed to the wave‐induced forces through Stokes drift and wave dissipation but slightly compensated by the wave‐enhanced bottom stress. The hurricane‐driven surface currents are modulated by waves toward the clockwise direction with a decrease in current speeds of more than ∼60%. This is attributed to the reduced current shear and density gradient resulting from mixing enhanced by wave breaking, but compensated by wave‐induced forces. Salinity and temperature are also modulated by surface waves, mostly through the wave‐induced forces and enhanced mixing by wave breaking. Overall, the coupled model produces higher surface salinity and stronger surface cooling due to the inclusion of the WCIs.
Single-cell characterization of monolayer cultured human dental pulp stem cells with enhanced differentiation capacity
Authors: Cui Yu , Ji Wei , Gao Yongyan , Xiao Yao , Liu Huan , Chen Zhi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHuman dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are easily obtained multipotent cells, however, their potential value in regenerative medicine is hindered by the phenotypic and functional changes after conventional monolayer expansion. Here, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to comprehensively study the transcriptional difference between the freshly isolated and monolayer cultured DPSCs. The cell cluster analysis based on our scRNA-seq data showed that monolayer culture resulted in a significant cellular composition switch compared to the freshly isolated DPSCs. However, one subpopulation, characterized as MCAM(+)JAG(+)PDGFRA(−), maintained the most transcriptional characteristics compared to their freshly isolated counterparts. Notably, immunofluorescent staining revealed that the MCAM(+)JAG(+)PDGFRA(−) hDPSCs uniquely located in the perivascular region of human dental pulp tissue. Flow-cytometry analysis confirmed that their proportion remained relatively stable (~2%) regardless of physiological senescence or dental caries. Consistent with the annotation of scRNA-seq data, MCAM(+)JAG(+)PDGFRA(−) hDPSCs showed higher proliferation capacity and enhanced in vitro multilineage differentiation potentials (osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic) compared with their counterparts PDGFRA(+) subpopulation. Furthermore, the MCAM(+)JAG(+)PDGFRA(−) hDPSCs showed enhanced bone tissue formation and adipose tissue formation after 4-week subcutaneous implantation in nude mice. Taken together, our study for the first time revealed the cellular composition switch of monolayer cultured hDPSCs compared to the freshly isolated hDPSCs. After in vitro expansion, the MCAM(+)JAG(+)PDGFRA(−) subpopulation resembled the most transcriptional characteristics of fresh hDPSCs which may be beneficial for further tissue regeneration applications.
A Delphi-method-based consensus guideline for definition of treatment-resistant depression for clinical trials
Authors: Sforzini Luca , Worrell Courtney , Kose Melisa , Anderson Ian M. , Aouizerate Bruno , Arolt Volker , Bauer Michael , Baune Bernhard T. , Blier Pierre , Cleare Anthony J. , Cowen Philip J. , Dinan Timothy G. , Fagiolini Andrea , Ferrier I. Nicol , Hegerl Ulrich , Krystal Andrew D. , Leboyer Marion , McAllister-Williams R. Hamish , McIntyre Roger S. , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Miller Andrew H. , Nemeroff Charles B. , Normann Claus , Nutt David , Pallanti Stefano , Pani Luca , Penninx Brenda W. J. H. , Schatzberg Alan F. , Shelton Richard C. , Yatham Lakshmi N. , Young Allan H. , Zahn Roland , Aislaitner Georgios , Butlen-Ducuing Florence , Fletcher Christine , Haberkamp Marion , Laughren Thomas , Mäntylä Fanni-Laura , Schruers Koen , Thomson Andrew , Arteaga-Henríquez Gara , Benedetti Francesco , Cash-Gibson Lucinda , Chae Woo Ri , De Smedt Heidi , Gold Stefan M. , Hoogendijk Witte J. G. , Mondragón Valeria Jordán , Maron Eduard , Martynowicz Jadwiga , Melloni Elisa , Otte Christian , Perez-Fuentes Gabriela , Poletti Sara , Schmidt Mark E. , van de Ketterij Edwin , Woo Katherine , Flossbach Yanina , Ramos-Quiroga J. Antoni , Savitz Adam J. , Pariante Carmine M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCriteria for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and partially responsive depression (PRD) as subtypes of major depressive disorder (MDD) are not unequivocally defined. In the present document we used a Delphi-method-based consensus approach to define TRD and PRD and to serve as operational criteria for future clinical studies, especially if conducted for regulatory purposes. We reviewed the literature and brought together a group of international experts (including clinicians, academics, researchers, employees of pharmaceutical companies, regulatory bodies representatives, and one person with lived experience) to evaluate the state-of-the-art and main controversies regarding the current classification. We then provided recommendations on how to design clinical trials, and on how to guide research in unmet needs and knowledge gaps. This report will feed into one of the main objectives of the EUropean Patient-cEntric clinicAl tRial pLatforms, Innovative Medicines Initiative (EU-PEARL, IMI) MDD project, to design a protocol for platform trials of new medications for TRD/PRD.