bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth relieve pain via downregulation of c‐Jun in a rat model of trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Bai Xiaofeng , Xiao Ke , Yang Zhijie , Zhang Ziqi , Li Jing , Yan Ziyi , Cao Keda , Zhang Weiqian , Zhang Xia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundStem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) have excellent immunomodulatory and neuroprotective abilities. It is possible that systemic SHED transplantation could ameliorate trigeminal neuralgia. The phosphorylation of c‐Jun contributes to the development of hyperalgesia and allodynia.ObjectiveThe present study aimed to evaluate whether systemic SHED transplantation could lead to analgesic effects by regulating peripheral c‐Jun in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) in a rat model of trigeminal neuralgia.MethodsChronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (CCI‐ION) was performed to establish a rat pain model. SHED were obtained from discarded exfoliated deciduous teeth from children and transplanted by a single infusion through the tail vein. SHED were labelled with the PKH26 red fluorescent cell linker mini kit for tract distribution. The mechanical threshold was determined using von Frey filaments. The mRNA levels of c‐Jun in the ipsilateral TG were quantified. The phosphorylation of c‐Jun in the ipsilateral TG was assessed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.ResultsPKH26‐labelled SHED were distributed to both sides of TG, lung, liver and spleen. Systemic SHED transplantation significantly elevated the mechanical thresholds in CCI‐ION rats and blocked the upregulation of c‐Jun mRNA levels in the TG caused by nerve ligation. The activation of c‐Jun in the TG was blocked by SHED transplantation.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that systemic SHED administration reverts trigeminal neuralgia via downregulation of c‐Jun in the TG.
Survival and prognostic indicators in downer dairy cows presented to a referring hospital: A retrospective study (1318 cases)
Authors: Puerto‐Parada Maria , Bilodeau Marie‐Ève , Francoz David , Desrochers André , Nichols Sylvain , Babkine Marie , Arango‐Sabogal Juan Carlos , Fecteau Gilles 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundDowner cow syndrome, a common problem in dairy cattle, represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for the attending veterinarian. Identifying prognostic indicators and assessing the odds of survival may improve the accuracy of the clinician's prognosis at the time of diagnosis.ObjectiveTo describe a population of downer dairy cows referred to a hospital and investigate predictors of outcome.AnimalsRecumbent adult dairy cows (cows unable or unwilling to stand without help) treated at a referral hospital.MethodsData at the time of admission were collected from medical records of downer dairy cows treated at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire between 1994 and 2016. Simple and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association of predictors with the outcome.ResultsAmong 1318 cows included, 727 (55%) cows were discharged, and 591 (45%) cows died or were euthanized. Cows with longer time of recumbency before referral (odds ratio [OR] = 3.6), tachycardia (100‐120 beats per minute [bpm], OR = 1.93; >120 bpm, OR = 2.92), tachypnea (OR = 1.76), hypothermia (OR = 2.08), anemia (OR = 3.30), neutropenia (OR = 1.7), high aspartate aminotransferase activity (500‐1000 U/L, OR = 2.16; >1000 U/L, OR = 6.69), and increased serum creatinine concentration (OR = 1.75) had higher odds of nonsurvival.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThese findings may help the practitioner to consider treatment options and decide if referral is likely beneficial based on the odds of success. Early recognition of low chance of survival may facilitate an early decision for euthanasia.
Divergence and hybridization in sea turtles: Inferences from genome data show evidence of ancient gene flow between species
Authors: Vilaça Sibelle Torres , Piccinno Riccardo , Rota‐Stabelli Omar , Gabrielli Maëva , Benazzo Andrea , Matschiner Michael , Soares Luciano S. , Bolten Alan B. , Bjorndal Karen A. , Bertorelle Giorgio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractReconstructing past events of hybridization and population size changes are required to understand speciation mechanisms and current patterns of genetic diversity, and ultimately contribute to species' conservation. Sea turtles are ancient species currently facing anthropogenic threats including climate change, fisheries, and illegal hunting. Five of the seven extant sea turtle species are known to currently hybridize, especially along the Brazilian coast where some populations can have ~32%–42% of hybrids. Although frequently observed today, it is not clear what role hybridization plays in the evolutionary diversification of this group of reptiles. In this study, we generated whole genome resequencing data of the five globally distributed sea turtle species to estimate a calibrated phylogeny and the population size dynamics, and to understand the role of hybridization in shaping the genomes of these ancient species. Our results reveal discordant species divergence dates between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes, with a high frequency of conflicting trees throughout the nuclear genome suggesting that some sea turtle species frequently hybridized in the past. The reconstruction of the species' demography showed a general decline in effective population sizes with no signs of recovery, except for the leatherback sea turtle. Furthermore, we discuss the influence of reference bias in our estimates. We show long‐lasting ancestral gene flow events within Chelonioidea that continued for millions of years after initial divergence. Speciation with gene flow is a common pattern in marine species, and it raises questions whether current hybridization events should be considered as a part of these species' evolutionary history or a conservation issue.
Public policy, systemic resilience and viability theory
Authors: Karacaoglu Girol , Krawczyk Jacek B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPolicy problems are typically formulated as optimization problems. Governments are conceptualized as optimizing agents. Risky situations are modelled as outcomes with known probabilities. Under ‘radical’ uncertainty, this model collapses because possible outcomes and their probabilities are unknown. Public policy must then build resilience to ‘unknown unknowns’. Viability theory offers a superior tool for such situations than optimization. The width of the viability kernel represents a mathematical expression for the degree of resilience to unknown shocks. Policy then aims at suitable investments that expand the viability kernel. We demonstrate the design of policy using viability theory with a simple model.
Functional diversity of isoprenoid lipids in Methylobacterium extorquens PA1
Authors: Rizk Sandra , Henke Petra , Santana‐Molina Carlos , Martens Gesa , Gnädig Marén , Nguyen Ngoc Anh , Devos Damien P. , Neumann‐Schaal Meina , Saenz James P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHopanoids and carotenoids are two of the major isoprenoid‐derived lipid classes in prokaryotes that have been proposed to have similar membrane ordering properties as sterols. Methylobacterium extorquens contains hopanoids and carotenoids in their outer membrane, making them an ideal system to investigate the role of isoprenoid lipids in surface membrane function and cellular fitness. By genetically knocking out hpnE and crtB we disrupted the production of squalene and phytoene in M. extorquens PA1, which are the presumed precursors for hopanoids and carotenoids respectively. Deletion of hpnE revealed that carotenoid biosynthesis utilizes squalene as a precursor resulting in pigmentation with a C30 backbone, rather than the previously predicted canonical C40 phytoene‐derived pathway. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that M. extorquens may have acquired the C30 pathway through lateral gene transfer from Planctomycetes. Surprisingly, disruption of carotenoid synthesis did not generate any major growth or membrane biophysical phenotypes, but slightly increased sensitivity to oxidative stress. We further demonstrated that hopanoids but not carotenoids are essential for growth at higher temperatures, membrane permeability and tolerance of low divalent cation concentrations. These observations show that hopanoids and carotenoids serve diverse roles in the outer membrane of M. extorquens PA1.
Breakthrough invasive fungal infections in liver transplant recipients exposed to prophylaxis with echinocandins vs other antifungal agents: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gatti Milo , Rinaldi Matteo , Ferraro Giuseppe , Toschi Alice , Caroccia Natascia , Arbizzani Federica , Raschi Emanuel , Poluzzi Elisabetta , Pea Federico , Viale Pierluigi , Giannella Maddalena 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionAlthough echinocandins are recommended as first‐line prophylaxis for high‐risk orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) recipients, occurrence of breakthrough‐invasive fungal infections (IFIs) remains a serious concern. We aim to assess the risk of breakthrough IFIs among OLT recipients exposed to prophylaxis with echinocandins compared to other antifungals.Materials and methodsTwo authors independently searched PubMed‐MEDLINE, Embase, study registries and reference lists from inception to March 2021, to retrieve randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or observational studies comparing efficacy and safety of echinocandins vs other antifungals for prophylaxis in OLT recipients. Data were independently extracted from two authors, and the quality of included studies was independently assessed according to ROB 2.0 tool for RCTs and ROBINS‐I tool for observational studies. The primary outcome was occurrence of breakthrough IFI at the end of prophylaxis (EOP).Results698 articles were screened, and ten studies (3 RCTs and 7 observational) were included. No difference between echinocandins and other antifungals in terms of breakthrough IFIs at the EOP emerged both from RCTs (odds ratio [OR] 0.85, 95% CI 0.24–2.99) and observational studies (OR 1.43, 95% CI 0.28–7.40). No difference emerged also for secondary outcomes. In the subgroup comparison between echinocandins and polyenes, a trend for higher risk of breakthrough IFI at the EOP (OR 4.82, 95% CI 0.97–24.03) was noted.ConclusionsEchinocandins do not seem to be associated with increased risk of breakthrough IFIs in OLT recipients. However, the large diversity in the comparator group hinders a definitive interpretation. Further studies exploring the relationship between echinocandin use and breakthrough IFIs according to specific comparators are warranted.
Reliability and validity of the Actiwatch and Clouclip for measuring illumination in real‐world conditions
Authors: Howell Colleen M , McCullough Sara J , Doyle Lesley , Murphy Marie H , Saunders Kathryn J 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeTo compare real‐world measures of illumination obtained with the Actiwatch‐2 and Clouclip‐M2 with ‘gold standard’ photometry measures and to evaluate the ability of Actiwatch‐2 to correctly identify photometer‐defined conditions: scotopic (≤0.01 lux), mesopic (0.02–3 lux), indoor photopic (>3–1,000 lux) and outdoor photopic (>1,000 lux); and Clouclip to correctly identify photometer‐defined conditions within its operating range (>1 lux). Inter‐device reliability of Clouclip for illumination and viewing distance measures was also investigated.MethodsA Hagner‐S2 photometer was used as reference. Measures of illumination were obtained from a range of real‐world conditions. To investigate inter‐device reliability, five Clouclips were simultaneously exposed to varied light conditions and object distances.ResultsStrong correlations existed between illumination measured with the photometer and both Actiwatch‐2 (ρ = 0.99, p < 0.0001) and Clouclip (ρ = 0.99, p < 0.0001). However, both devices underestimated illumination compared to the photometer; disparity increased with increasing illumination and was greater for Actiwatch‐2 than Clouclip measures. Actiwatch‐2 successfully categorised illumination level (scotopic, mesopic, indoor and outdoor photopic) in 71.2% of cases. Clouclip successfully categorised illumination levels as scotopic/mesopic (≤3 lux) and indoor and outdoor photopic in 100% of cases. Mean differences and limits of agreement (LOA) were 430.92 ± 1,828.74 and 79.35 ± 407.33 lux, between the photometer and Actiwatch‐2 and photometer and Clouclip, respectively. The Intra‐class Correlation Coefficients for illumination and viewing distance measured with five Clouclips were 0.85 and 0.96, respectively.ConclusionThese data illustrate that different Clouclip devices produce comparable measures of viewing distance and illumination in real‐world settings. Both Actiwatch‐2 and Clouclip underestimate illumination in the field compared to gold standard photometer measures. The disparity increases at higher levels of illumination and the discrepancy was greater for Actiwatch‐2 measures. For researchers interested in categorising light exposure, Clouclip classifies illumination levels >2 lux more accurately than Actiwatch‐2 but cannot discriminate between scotopic and low mesopic light.
Lessons from COVID‐19: A reflection on the strengths and weakness of early consensus recommendations for pediatric difficult airway management during a respiratory viral pandemic using a modified Delphi method
Authors: Stein Mary Lyn , Park Raymond S. , Afshari Arash , Disma Nicola , Fiadjoe John E. , Matava Clyde T. , McNarry Alistair F. , von Ungern‐Sternberg Britta S. , Kovatsis Pete G. , Peyton James M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe authors recognized a gap in existing guidelines and convened a modified Delphi process to address novel issues in pediatric difficult airway management raised by the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsThe Pediatric Difficult Intubation Collaborative, a working group of the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia, assembled an international panel to reach consensus recommendations on pediatric difficult airway management during the COVID‐19 pandemic using a modified Delphi method. We reflect on the strengths and weaknesses of this process and ways care has changed as knowledge and experience have grown over the course of the pandemic.RecommendationsIn the setting of the COVID‐19 pandemic, the Delphi panel recommends against moving away from the operating room solely for the purpose of having a negative pressure environment. The Delphi panel recommends supplying supplemental oxygen and using videolaryngoscopy during anticipated difficult airway management. Direct laryngoscopy is not recommended. If the patient meets extubation criteria, extubate in the OR, awake, at the end of the procedure.ReflectionThese recommendations remain valuable guidance in caring for children with anticipated difficult airways and infectious respiratory pathology when reviewed in light of our growing knowledge and experience with COVID‐19. The panel initially recommended minimizing involvement of additional people and trainees and minimizing techniques associated with aerosolization of viral particles. The demonstrated effectiveness of PPE and vaccination at reducing the risk of exposure and infection to clinicians managing the airway makes these recommendations less relevant for COVID‐19. They would likely be important initial steps in the face of novel respiratory viral pathogens.ConclusionsThe consensus process cannot and should not replace evidence‐based guidelines; however, it is encouraging to see that the panel's recommendations have held up well as scientific knowledge and clinical experience have grown.
The treatment and management of atopic dermatitis in the pediatric emergency department: Highlighting physician practices and the desire for patient‐centered resources
Authors: Longowal Maninder , Woo Taylor E. , D’Mello Jennifer , Ramien Michele 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAtopic dermatitis is a common, complex skin disorder with significant morbidity. The management of atopic dermatitis is multifactorial and often varies by physician experience and comfort level. We conducted a single‐institution survey of pediatric emergency medicine physicians regarding their perceived confidence in managing atopic dermatitis, knowledge of treatment options, and interest in patient‐centered clinical resources. The results of our survey suggest that many pediatric emergency physicians at our center are somewhat confident managing atopic dermatitis and that topical corticosteroids represent the mainstay of treatment of AD. Our survey identified common AD therapies used by emergency department physicians and highlights the desire for further patient‐centered resources in the emergency care setting.
Influence of anti‐coronavirus disease 2019 policies on 10 pediatric infectious diseases
Authors: Yamamoto‐Kataoka Sachiko , Kataoka Yuki , Tochitani Kentaro , Miyakoshi Chisato , Yamamoto Yosuke 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo combat the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, many countries, including Japan, implemented policies limiting social activities and encouraging preventive behaviors. This study examines the influence of such policies on the trends of 10 infectious pediatric diseases: pharyngoconjunctival fever; group A streptococcal pharyngitis; infectious gastroenteritis; chickenpox; erythema infectiosum; hand, foot, and mouth disease; herpangina; respiratory syncytial virus; exanthem subitum; and mumps.MethodsThe research adopted a retrospective cohort study design. We collected data from Japan's National Epidemiological Surveillance Program detailing the incidences of the 10 diseases per pediatric sentinel site for a period beginning at 9 weeks before government‐ordered school closures and ending at 9 weeks after the end of the state of emergency. We obtained corresponding data for the equivalent weeks in 2015–2019. We estimated the influence of the policies using a difference‐in‐differences regression model.ResultsFor seven diseases (pharyngoconjunctival fever; group A streptococcal pharyngitis; infectious gastroenteritis; chickenpox; erythema infectiosum; hand, foot, and mouth disease; and herpangina), the incidence in 2020 decreased significantly during and after the school closures. Sensitivity analysis, in which the focus area was limited to the policy‐implementation period or existing trend patterns, replicated these significant decreases for one of the above mentioned seven diseases – infectious gastroenteritis.ConclusionsPolicies such as school closures and encouragement of preventive behaviors were associated with significant decreases in the incidences of most of the 10 diseases, which sensitivity analysis replicated in infectious gastroenteritis. To determine the long‐term effects of these policies, prospective cohort studies are needed.
Impact of tacrolimus variability on pediatric heart transplant outcomes
Authors: Sirota Megan , Heyrend Caroline , Ou Zhining , Masotti Susan , Griffiths Eric , Molina Kimberly 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundTacrolimus is a narrow therapeutic index drug, requiring consistent levels to maximize transplant success while reducing adverse effects. Elevated tacrolimus level variability (ETLV) is associated with poor outcomes in both pediatric and adult solid organ transplant recipients. We sought to describe the prevalence of ETLV and identify associations with patient‐specific factors and poor outcomes.MethodsTacrolimus levels were evaluated from 118 patients at our single center. As a marker of variability, standard deviations (SD) were calculated for each patient from their entire tacrolimus level data set (global SD), and 1–2 years and 1–5 years post‐HT (prediction window SDs). SD ≥3 denoted ETLV.ResultsThere was large variability in tacrolimus levels (median global SD 3.1; IQR 2.3, 4; SD ≥3, n = 64, 54%). Patients with elevated SD (≥3) vs lower SD (<3) were more likely to have poor outcomes including rejection (73% vs 46%), cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV, 22% vs 9%), and death (20% vs 6%). The prediction window analysis noted ETLV was associated with a 40% greater risk of CAV, re‐HT, or death (p = .024) and increasing age at transplantation was associated with a 12% increase in the risk of rejection (p = <.001) and a 19% increase in the risk of a composite event (p = .021).ConclusionETLV is prevalent in the pediatric HT population with increased frequency of poor outcomes in those with SD ≥3. ETLV is an easily accessible marker with which to risk‐stratify patients.
Effect of TEOA on the Process of Photopolymerization at 532 nm and Properties of Nanogels
Authors: Peng Yuanyuan , Wang Zhipeng , Peña Jhair , Guo Zhiming , Xing Jinfeng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNanogel is an important kind of biomaterials applied for wound dressings, drug delivery, medical diagnostics and biosensors. The properties of nanogels closely depend on the density of the crosslinking network. In this study, the role of triethanolamine (TEOA) in the effect on the crosslinking degree of nanogels based on poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) was investigated and illustrated. The effect of TEOA on the process of photopolymerization at 532 nm and properties of the nanogels was systematically investigated by using UV‐vis spectroscopy, FT‐IR spectroscopy, 1H NMR, DLS, SEM, AFM and DSC. In brief, the double‐bond conversion of photopolymerization and the crosslinking degree of nanogels can be effectively regulated by TEOA.
A Highly Selective and Sensitive Colorimetric Chemosensor for the Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide: A Real‐time Application in Multiple platforms
Authors: Jothi Dhanapal , Munusamy Sathishkumar , Kulathu Iyer Sathiyanarayanan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCalorimetric chemosensors are found to be advantageous sensing systems due to their simplicity and favorable responsive properties. Although some colorimetric probes have been reported to detect hydrogen sulfide (H2S), the creation of rapid, highly selective and sensitive probes for the detection of H2S remains a challenging target. In this work, we established dinitrosulphonamide decorated phenanthridine and 2,4‐dinitro‐N‐(4‐(7,8,13,14‐tetrahydrodibenzo[a, i]phenanthridin‐5‐yl)phenyl)benzenesulfonamide (PHSH), for the calorimetric detection of H2S. H2S‐triggered thiolysis of PHSH resulted in a marked absorption enhancement alongside a visual color change from colorless to dark yellow. The result indicated that the chemosensor showed high sensitivity and selectivity with a fast response of less than 10 s with a detection limit as low as 6.5 nM. The chemosensor reaction mechanism with H2S was studied by UV‐vis, 1H NMR, mass and HPLC analysis. In addition, the chemosensor has been used for the determination of H2S in many real‐time samples.