bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of denosumab and zoledronic acid for the treatment of solid tumors and multiple myeloma with bone metastasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials
Authors: Jiang Lianghai , Cui Xianghua , Ma Haoning , Tang Xiangsheng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective
To compare the efficacy and safety between denosumab and zoledronic acid for advanced cancer with bone metastasis.

Methods
MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library databases were searched for randomized controlled trials up to December 2020 that compared denosumab and zoledronic acid in the treatment of advanced cancer with bone metastasis. The following clinical outcomes were extracted for analysis: time to first skeletal-related event, time to first-and-subsequent skeletal-related events, overall survival, and disease progression. Safety outcomes including incidence of adverse events, serious adverse events, acute-phase reactions, renal toxicity, osteonecrosis of the jaw, and hypocalcemia were also extracted.

Results
Four randomized controlled trials involving 7201 patients were included. The overall analysis showed that denosumab was superior to zoledronic acid in delaying time to first skeletal-related event (hazard ratio = 0.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.80–0.93; P < 0.01) and time to first-and-subsequent skeletal-related events (risk ratio 0.87; 95% confidence interval 0.81–0.93; P < 0.01). Denosumab was associated with lower incidence of renal toxicity (risk ratio 0.69; 95% confidence interval 0.54–0.87; P < 0.01) and acute phase reaction (risk ratio 0.47; 95% confidence interval 0.38–0.56; P < 0.01), but higher incidence of hypocalcemia (risk ratio 1.78; 95% confidence interval 1.33–2.38; P < 0.01) and osteonecrosis of the jaw (risk ratio 1.41; 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.95; P = 0.04). No significant differences were found in overall survival, time to disease progression, or incidence of adverse events and serious adverse events between denosumab and zoledronic acid.

Conclusions
Compared with zoledronic acid, denosumab is associated with delayed first-and-subsequent skeletal-related events, lower incidence of renal toxicity, and acute phase reaction, but higher incidence of hypocalcemia and osteonecrosis of the jaw. Hence, denosumab seems to be a promising choice for advanced cancer with bone metastasis. Nonetheless, more randomized controlled trials are needed for further evaluation.
The effect of phased written health education combined with healthy diet on the quality of life of patients after heart valve replacement
Authors: Li Dan , Liu Pujuan , Zhang Huijun , Wang Li 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
To observe the effect of phased written health education combined with healthy diet on the quality of life of patients after heart valve replacement.

Methods
One hundred-thirty patients who underwent heart valve replacement surgery in our hospital from January 2018 to January 2020 were enrolled as the research subjects. They were randomly divided into study group (65 patients, phased written health education combined with health Diet) and control group (65 cases, routine health education). The drug compliance and the degree of anticoagulant drugs knowledge were compared between the two groups in the first and second stage rehabilitation and the recovery stage. The health behavior ability and quality of life at different phases were also observed.

Results
During the first and the second stage rehabilitation, and the recovery stage, the drug compliance of the study group was superior to that of the control group, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the knowledge of anticoagulant drugs in the study group was better than that in the control group, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Before intervention, there was no significant difference in health behavior ability and quality of life between the two groups (P > 0.05). The healthy behavior ability of study group for each stage was superior to the control group, the difference was significant (P < 0.05). The healthy behavior ability and quality of life showed the same results with statistical significance (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
The use of phased written health education combined with healthy diet in patients after heart valve replacement can effectively improve patients’ medication compliance, anticoagulant drugs knowledge, healthy behavior ability and quality of life at different stages, and is worthy of clinical application.
Predictors of time-to-death on children in Tigray regional state, Ethiopia: a retrospective cross sectional study
Authors: Gebrerufael Gebru Gebremeskel , Hagos Bsrat Tesfay 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough, the clinical and socioeconomic condition of Tigray Regional State mothers has been improved along with the decline in the child death rate. However, children’s death rate is still one of the main community serious challenging issues of public health concern. Thus, the main objective of this current investigation was to identify the major predictor factors for short time-to-death in Children in the Tigray Regional State.MethodsThe study used a secondary data with cross-sectional study design.The information gathered was from 1018 childbirths 5 years prior to the survey. Independent variables such as mother’s demographic variables, child demographic variables, healthiness and environmental factors were considered major hazard predictors of children’s short time-to-death rate. This current investigation used bivariable and multivariable Cox regression model analysis to identify the major statistically significant associations with children’s time-to-death rate.ResultsOne thousand eighteen children under 5 years of age were included in the study.Of them, 50% of the children were males, and the median survival time-to-death of children was 26 months.Overall, the prevalence of experiencing child’s death rate in the Tigray Regional State was 4.2%.The multivariable Cox regression model analysis showed that living rural place of residence (AHR = 19.8; 95% CI: (7.25–54.049)), being unvaccinated child (no) (AHR = 2.76; 95% CI: (1.071–7.11)), and poor wealth index (AHR = 15.4; 95% CI: (2.83–84)) were statistically significant predictors of time-to-death rate of children’s.ConclusionThe study recognized that being a rural place of residence, unvaccinated child status (no) and poor wealth index were statistically significant predictors of children’s short time-to-death rate.
The ancient koji mold (Aspergillus oryzae) as a modern biotechnological tool
Authors: Daba Ghoson M. , Mostafa Faten A. , Elkhateeb Waill A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAspergillus oryzae (A. oryzae) is a filamentous micro-fungus that is used from centuries in fermentation of different foods in many countries all over the world. This valuable fungus is also a rich source of many bioactive secondary metabolites. Moreover, A. oryzae has a prestigious secretory system that allows it to secrete high concentrations of proteins into its culturing medium, which support its use as biotechnological tool in veterinary, food, pharmaceutical, and industrial fields. This review aims to highlight the significance of this valuable fungus in food industry, showing its generosity in production of nutritional and bioactive metabolites that enrich food fermented by it. Also, using A. oryzae as a biotechnological tool in the field of enzymes production was described. Furthermore, domestication, functional genomics, and contributions of A. oryzae in functional production of human pharmaceutical proteins were presented. Finally, future prospects in order to get more benefits from A. oryzae were discussed.
Electronic cigarette and cannabis use: results from the 2018 Maryland Youth Risk Behavior Survey
Authors: Luken Amanda , Thrul Johannes , Johnson Renee M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective
To determine the relationship between lifetime e-cigarette use and current cannabis use among youth. Our analyses accounted for county variability, in addition to student-level covariates.

Methods
This study examined responses from high school students on a state-level population survey, the 2018 Maryland Youth Risk Behavior Survey/Youth Tobacco Survey, a cross-sectional, complex survey sample. Of participating students, final analyses included an unweighted sample of 41,091 9th to 12th grade students who provided complete reports for measured variables. Analyses with survey weights were conducted between August 2019 and May 2020. A multivariable logistic regression was conducted to investigate the association between lifetime e-cigarette use and current (past 30-day) cannabis use, after controlling for county, lifetime cigarette use, current (past 30-day) alcohol use, emotional distress, and demographics.

Results
Lifetime e-cigarette use significantly increased the odds of current cannabis use among Maryland high school students (aOR = 6.04; 95% CI 5.27, 6.93). Other significant risk factors for current cannabis use included lifetime cigarette use (aOR 2.23, 95% CI 1.86, 2.68) and current alcohol use (aOR 5.21, 95% CI 4.42, 6.14). Significantly higher odds of current cannabis use were also found among older high school students, males, non-Hispanic Blacks and students identifying as other race, and those reporting emotional distress.

Conclusions
Lifetime e-cigarette use among Maryland high school students is strongly associated with current cannabis use when including counties as a covariate. Non-significant county differences, however, suggest smaller geographical units may be required to control for variability. Efforts should focus on reducing youth e-cigarette use to decrease cannabis use. Maryland’s recent implementation of Tobacco 21 and a ban on flavored e-cigarettes will be of interest for future evaluations.
Study of hepatitis B virus infection, reactivation among patients with chronic hepatitis C infection treated by direct antiviral agents (DAAs)
Authors: Azeem Haitham A. , Alkabeer Ashraf M. , Mohammed Ali Sobhy , Hussein Amira Ahmed 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) may reactivate when treating chronic hepatitis C (CHC) with direct-acting antivirals (DAA). We aimed to investigate the risk of HBV infection and reactivation during DAA therapy by performing a prospective observational study carried on 200 patients positive for chronic HCV who were candidates for treatment by DAA therapy according to the Egyptian guidelines from February 2019 to December 2019; the patients identified to carry HBsAg at baseline or with positive HBc Abs were further assessed for other HBV markers: hepatitis B e antigen at baseline, and serum HBV DNA quantitative measurement at baseline, week 4 of treatment, end of treatment. On the other hand, recent infection by HBV among those patients was observed.

Results
Of all participants, 49% were males and 51% were females, aged above 18 years. There is a highly statistically significant difference (p-value < 0.05) between HCV RNA PCR (at the beginning, at the end of 4 weeks, and at the end of 12 weeks) in studied patients. There was a highly statistically significant difference found between the liver function tests at the beginning, at the end of 4 weeks, and at the end of 12 weeks of treatment where it shows improvement except for serum albumin. At beginning of the study, there were 34 patients who are co-infected with HCV and HBV with quantitative PCR test for HBV DNA ≥ 20 IU/ml. After 1 month of DAA therapy, reactivation was detected in 6 cases (4 occult cases show reverse seroconversion (became HBs Ag positive), and 2 co-infected cases show increased HBV DNA > 1000 IU/L above the baseline level). In addition, 3 new cases acquired recent infection with the positivity of HBc IgM and detectable levels of HBV DNA. After 3 months of study, reactivation was detected in one patient with co-infection (where increased HBV DNA > 1000 IU/L above the baseline level), and 5 new cases acquired recent infection late in the study.

Conclusion
Screening for HBV infection prior to DAA therapy is required to detect recent infection of reactivation of previous infection during or after DAA therapy.
Effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors on Glycemic Control and Incident Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Peng Carol Chiung-Hui , Tu Yu-Kang , Lee Gin Yi , Chang Rachel Huai-En , Huang Yuting , Bukhari Khulood , Tsai Yao-Chou , Fu Yunting , Huang Huei-Kai , Munir Kashif M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Context
Whether proton pump inhibitors (PPI) can improve glycemic control among individuals with diabetes or decrease the risk of incident diabetes in the general population is unclear.

Objective
To evaluate the impact of PPI therapy on glycemic control among individuals with diabetes and the risk of diabetes among those without diabetes.

Results
PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from inception to November 21, 2020. We included studies comparing glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) or fasting blood glucose (FBG) among individuals with diabetes treated with and without PPI therapy as an add-on to standard therapy. Studies evaluating the risk of incident diabetes among individuals taking PPI were assessed. We performed dual independent review, data extraction, and quality assessment. Weighted mean differences between groups or relative risks were imputed using random-effects models.

Results
Seven studies (n = 342) for glycemic control and 5 studies (n = 244 439) for risk of incident diabetes were included. Compared with standard therapy, add-on PPI was associated with a significant decrease in HbA1c (WMD, −0.36 %; 95% CI, −0.68 to −0.05; P = 0.025) and FBG (WMD, −10.0 mg/dL; 95% CI, −19.4 to −0.6; P = 0.037). PPI use did not reduce the risk of incident diabetes (pooled RR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.89 to 1.34; P = 0.385).

Conclusion
Add-on PPI improved glycemic indices among individuals with diabetes but did not alter the risk of incident diabetes. The effects of PPI on glycemic control should be considered when prescribing antacids to patients with diabetes.
Synthesis of First Antimony Porphycene and Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Driven by Ligand-Centered Reduction
Authors: Zhang Zhi , Fujioka Taro , Koide Taro , Yano Yoshio , Ono Toshikazu , Hisaeda Yoshio 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
For post-transition metal electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the new porphycene antimony complexes, Sb(III)OEPo and Sb(V)OEPo-Br2, were synthesized and characterized. Based on the electrochemical and electro-spectro measurements, the two-step one-electron reduction processes of Sb(III)OEPo were indicated to be both ligand-centered and the irreversible reduction process observed for Sb(V)OEPo-Br2 was assigned to be the reduction from Sb(V)OEPo-Br2 to Sb(III)OEPo. Electrocatalytic HER proceeded at −1.0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) under acidic conditions via the ligand-centered reductions. The electron accepting nature of the porphycene ligand enabled the utilization of a main-group element as a central element for the ligand-centered HER at anodically shifted potentials.
No Pyro, No Party: Social factors, deliberate choices, and shared fan culture determine the use of illegal fireworks in a soccer stadium
Authors: Merkelbach Inge , Dewies Malte , Noordzij Gera , Denktas Semiha 
Published: June 2021

Lighting illegal fireworks inside soccer stadiums is a worldwide and persistent problem. Despite rules and regulations as well as rigorous enforcement, the use of illegal fireworks in football stadium is increasing rather than decreasing. Little is yet known about the causes and predictors of this behavior, preventing the development of effective interventions or communication strategies. We therefore conducted a qualitative study, using semistructured interviews with both supporters of a large Dutch soccer club who participated in lighting fireworks, and with professionals who dealt with illegal fireworks in daily practice. Semi-structures interviews were based on hooliganism literature as well as the COM-B model. We concluded that hooliganism and lighting illegal are distinctly different phenomena, although they share some underlying constructs. From a behavioral perspective, using the COM-B model as a framework, reflective motivation was identified as the strongest facilitator of lighting fireworks, which appeared to be an important part of supporter life and shared culture. Quick interventions that target automatic behavior, such as nudges, will probably thus not be successful in changing this behavior. Supporters suggest compromise between supporters and professionals as preferred future direction. Reported feelings of stigmatization by and feeling unappreciated by professionals, could interfere with successful implementation of this direction. Professionals however contradict negative to have judgements of supporters. Building a bridge between supporters and professionals should be a first step towards a solution.
Evaluation of the design and implementation of municipal ice cleat distribution programs for the prevention of ice-related fall injuries among older adults in Sweden
Authors: Holmberg Robin , Gustavsson Johanna , Bonander Carl 
Published: June 2021

Introduction
The risk for outdoor falls tends to increase during winter due to icy road conditions. Several Swedish municipalities have introduced programs that provide their senior citizens with a pair of ice cleats in an attempt to tackle this problem. In this paper, we perform a process evaluation to identify potential barriers to the success of these programs and analyze the logic of their design.

Methods
We sent a survey to all 290 Swedish municipalities to collect data on the characteristics of ice cleat distribution programs. We also performed focus-group interviews with older adults to gain insight into their thoughts about ice cleat programs. We synthesized our data with existing literature on ice cleats and behavior change theory to populate a logic model to identify and analyze hidden assumptions and potential flaws using program theory analysis.

Results
On average, about 40% of the eligible population living in the intervention municipalities collected a pair of ice cleats. While we identified some other, but mostly minor, barriers to implementation, the main barrier appears to be a lack of scale (i.e., insufficient procurement and distribution of ice cleats), as 90% of all purchased ice cleats were eventually distributed. While previous research suggests that ice cleats can decrease injury risks if worn, we find that there is limited evidence on the effects of distribution on ice cleat use. Our interviewees emphasized the potential utility of ice cleats for staying safe and active during winter but stressed that ice cleats need to be user-friendly and of high-quality to increase the likelihood that a distribution program encourages behavior change.

Conclusion
Existing ice cleat distribution programs appear to have reached a meaningful share of the targeted population. Additional research is required to assess their effects on ice cleat use and injury rates.
The effect of human amnion epithelial cells on lung development and inflammation in preterm lambs exposed to antenatal inflammation
Authors: Papagianis Paris Clarice , Ahmadi-Noorbakhsh Siavash , Lim Rebecca , Wallace Euan , Polglase Graeme , Pillow J. Jane , Moss Timothy J. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundLung inflammation and impaired alveolarization are hallmarks of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). We hypothesize that human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) are anti-inflammatory and reduce lung injury in preterm lambs born after antenatal exposure to inflammation.MethodsPregnant ewes received either intra-amniotic lipopolysaccharide (LPS, fromE.coli055:B5; 4mg) or saline (Sal) on day 126 of gestation. Lambs were delivered by cesarean section at 128 d gestation (term ~150 d). Lambs received intravenous hAECs (LPS/hAECs: n = 7; 30x106cells) or equivalent volumes of saline (LPS/Sal, n = 10; or Sal/Sal, n = 9) immediately after birth. Respiratory support was gradually de-escalated, aimed at early weaning from mechanical ventilation towards unassisted respiration. Lung tissue was collected 1 week after birth. Lung morphology was assessed and mRNA levels for inflammatory mediators were measured.ResultsRespiratory support required by LPS/hAEC lambs was not different to Sal/Sal or LPS/Sal lambs. Lung tissue:airspace ratio was lower in the LPS/Sal compared to Sal/Sal lambs (P<0.05), but not LPS/hAEC lambs. LPS/hAEC lambs tended to have increased septation in their lungs versus LPS/Sal (P = 0.08). Expression of inflammatory cytokines was highest in LPS/hAECs lambs.ConclusionsPostnatal administration of a single dose of hAECs stimulates a pulmonary immune response without changing ventilator requirements in preterm lambs born after intrauterine inflammation.
Multilevel geospatial analysis of factors associated with unskilled birth attendance in Ghana
Authors: Bediako Vincent Bio , Boateng Ebenezer N. K. , Owusu Bernard Afriyie , Dickson Kwamena Sekyi 
Published: June 2021

Background
Globally, about 810 women die every day due to pregnancy and its related complications. Although the death of women during pregnancy or childbirth has declined from 342 deaths to 211 deaths per 100,000 live births between 2000 and 2017, maternal mortality is still higher, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, where 86% of all deaths occur.

Methods
A secondary analysis was carried out using the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. A sample total of 4,290 women who had a live birth in the 5 years preceding the survey was included in the analysis. GIS software was used to explore the spatial distribution of unskilled birth attendance in Ghana. The Geographic Weighted Regression (GWR) was employed to model the spatial relationship of some predictor of unskilled birth attendance. Moreover, a multilevel binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with unskilled birth attendance.

Results
In this study, unskilled birth attendance had spatial variations across the country. The hotspot, cluster and outlier analysis identified the concerned districts in the north-eastern part of Ghana. The GWR analysis identified different predictors of unskilled birth attendance across districts of Ghana. In the multilevel analysis, mothers with no education, no health insurance coverage, and mothers from households with lower wealth status had higher odds of unskilled birth attendance. Being multi and grand multiparous, perception of distance from the health facility as not a big problem, urban residence, women residing in communities with medium and higher poverty level had lower odds of unskilled birth attendance.

Conclusion
Unskilled birth attendance had spatial variations across the country. Areas with high levels of unskilled birth attendance had mothers who had no formal education, not health insured, mothers from poor households and communities, primiparous women, mothers from remote and border districts could get special attention in terms of allocation of resources including skilled human power, and improved access to health facilities.