bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface currents modeling based on tidal cycles and monsoon in tropical estuary, Indonesia
Authors: Najamuddin  , Prartono T , Sanusi H S , Nurjaya I W , Pembonan R E , Umasangaji H , Mutmainnah  , Tahir I , Inayah  
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The modeling uses a software-based numerical model DHI MIKE user interface developed by The Danish Hydraulic Institute (DHI) Water and Environment, Denmark. Simulation of current uses a 2-dimensional model (averaging to depth) with a finite element approach. Modeling of currents was conducted to know current dynamics by tidal cycle and seasonal variation (west and east monsoon). The models were validated using correlation coefficient value (r) by comparing direct measurement and model output. The r-value for current velocity during west monsoon was 0.653 and east monsoon was 0.697 and for current direct during west monsoon was 0.887 and the east monsoon was 0.857. While the r-value for the tide was 0.858. All these r values showed a strong correlation and these indicated the models were valid. The result of the simulation of the current models showed that the surface currents were strongly influenced by the tidal cycles. The currents direct flowed to the south at flood tide and to the eastern at ebb tide. The maximum current velocity during the west monsoon was 0.50 m/sec and during the east monsoon was 0.40 m/sec. The averages of currents direct were more dominant eastward of Jeneberang estuary.
Distribution of some natural and anthropogenic radionuclides in the sediments and seawater along the coastal areas of North Sulawesi
Authors: Putra D I P , Prihatiningsih W R , Makmur M , Yahya M N , Priasetyono Y , Untara  
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Studies on the radionuclide distribution of some naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) and anthropogenic radionuclides in the sediments of the coastal areas of North Sulawesi were conducted to provide baseline data for the effective monitoring of radioactive fallout in these areas. Sediment samples were collected by a van Veen grab samples about 100 – 300 m from the shoreline, and 60 L of seawater was pre-concentration to precipitated 137Cs. Activity concentration of the three main natural radionuclides (222Ra, 232Th, and 40K) and 137Cs were determined using a high-resolution HPGe gamma-spectroscopy system and presenting background about the radiological levels and assessing the associated hazards. The activity of 226Ra ranged from 2.1 to 9.5 Bq kg−1 with an average value of 5.9 Bq kg−1. The activity of 232Th varies from 2.4 to 10.4 Bq kg−1 with an average value of 5.2 Bq kg−1. The 40K ranges between 169.1 to 492.7 Bq kg−1 with an average value of 238.8 Bq kg−1. The average activity concentration of 40K (238.8 Bq kg−1) in the sediment samples was lower than the worldwide average concentration (420 Bq kg−1). The current level of activity 137Cs varied from 0.05 to 0.40 Bq kg−1 in sediment samples and 0.98 to 1.33 Bq m−3 in seawater samples. 134Cs in all samples were not detected or below the detection limit. This fact indicated that radioactive cesium in Celebes Sea areas of North Sulawesi still originated from global fallout and insignificant influenced by the FDNPP accident. All radionuclide radiation values in the recent study are lower than the world average. Therefore, the potential danger of radiation generated from the surrounding environment has not yet caused a radiological health impact for the people living on the coast of North Sulawesi. Natural and artificial radionuclide activity data in this study will be used as the basis for sedimentary activity along the coast of North Sulawesi.
Accumulation and distribution of heavy metals in Gerres abbreviatus (Bleeker 1850) and Parastromateus niger (Bloch, 1795) in Kao Bay, North Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: Pertiwi R T A , Iksan K H , Ariyanto D 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Heavy metals have a relationship with fish organs. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of heavy metals in various organs of Gerres abbreviatus and Parastromateus niger. The research was conducted in Kao Bay waters from April to September 2019. Samples obtained were prepared at the aquatic science laboratory of Khairun University and were analyzed at the Environmental Productivity Laboratory of IPB University Bogor using the AAS instrument to determine heavy metals concentrations. The result of the heavy metals accumulation in Gerres abbreviatus meat was Zn > Cu > Pb > Ni > Hg > Mn > Cd. Meanwhile, the heavy metals accumulation in Roi fish (Parastromateus niger) meat was Zn > Mn > Ni > Hg > Pb > Cd > Cu.
Non-specific immune response of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei by supplementation of sodium alginate of Sargassum collected from Lampung Indonesia
Authors: Setyawan A , Riana  , Supono  , Hudaidah S , Fidyandini H P 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study aims to determine the effectiveness of supplementation of sodium (Na) alginateSargassumsp. from Lampung waters to enhance the non-specific immune response and the resistence of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) against white spot disease. This study used a completely randomized design with 3 treatments, namely feeding without alginate supplementation (A) or control, dietary Na alginateSargassumsupplementation at a dose of 2.0 (B), and 4.0 g kg−1feed (C), each with four replications, for 14 days. Hemolymph sampling was performed on days 0, 7 and 14 to observe the parameter of shrimp hematology includedtotal haemocyte count(THC),phagocytocyte activity(PA),phagocytic index(PI), and total plasma protein (TPP). The hepatopancreas histology profile and water quality were observed at the end of treatment. Data were analyzed by Anova at 95% of confidence interval and continued with Duncan test. Result showedthat the supplementation of Na alginat fromSargassumsp. significantly enhance several shrimp immune response namely THC, PA, and TPP. Meanwhile, the histology of the hepatopancreas of both shrimp treatment and control showed not significantly effect on tissue damage. The water quality was still in normal condition during the treatment. The results of this study indicate that the application ofSargassumalginate supplementation at a dose of 2gr/kg of feed is the best treatment to enhance the immune response of Pacific white shrimp.
Biodegradation mechanism of naphthalene using marine sponge symbiotic bacteria
Authors: Marzuki I , Nisaa K , Asaf R , Armus R , Kamaruddin M , Sapar A , Emelda A 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGenerally, all petroleum processing industries produce oil sludge or sludge. Polycy-clic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH), one of the components contained in sludge, are hazardous and toxic waste material with toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. The research objective was to understand the biodegradation mechanism of naphthalene by utilizing a marine sponge symbiotic bacterial isolate. Partial bacteriaBacillusSp strain AB353f (BC), sponge isolate Neopetrosia sp andAcinetobacter Calcoaceticusstrain PHCDB14 (AC) isolate sponge Callyspongia (Aerizusa) as biomaterial for PAH degradation. Biodegradation method integrates bacterial suspension with 10,000 ppm naphthalene for 25 days. Every 5 days, the bio-degradation indicators were observed and the products of the destruction of naphthalene components were measured using FTIR and GC-MS. The results showed that BC isolates and AC isolates from sponge symbionts could degrade naphthalene. The biodegradation performance of BC bacteria tended to be more dominant than AC against naphthalene. Based on the functional groups resulting from FTIR, three types of biodegradation products were identified, namely: alcohol, aldehyde and carboxylic acid and one transition product in the form of a cate-chol. Maximum naphthalene bio-degradation occurs at an interaction period of 20 - 25 days.
Inclusions of probiotics and prebiotics in diet for coral trout, Plectropomus leopardus nursery
Authors: Marzuqi M , Giri I N A , Mahardika K , Mastuti I , Asih Y N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Coral trout is one of marine fishery commodities with high economic value. This grouper fish has limited ability in the utilization of artificial feed. The aim of this study was to obtain information on the effectiveness of probiotics and prebiotics inclusions in diet to increase growth of coral trout. Fish was reared in fiber tanks 300-L with a density of 30 fish/tank. Fish weight and length were 3.7±0.1 g and 6.3±0.1 cm, respectively. Each tank was equipped with a flowing water system and aeration as a source of oxygen supply. The feed was formulated with 48% protein and 9% lipid. Treatments were inclusion of probiotics in diet (diet A), inclusion of mannan oligosaccharide/MOS (diet B), inclusion of probiotic + mannan oligosaccharide/MOS (diet C), and diet D as control. The study was conducted in a complete randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 4 replications. Fish fed trial diets with a frequency of 3 times a day at satiation. The parameters observed were growth, feed efficiency, feed digestibility, bacteria density and immunity. The data obtained were analysed with anova followed by LSD. The results showed that diet with the probiotic content promoted better growth and feed efficiency of coral trout compared to the other treatments. The highest growth of coral trout fingerlings was obtained by fish fed diet A (added with probiotics) with a weight gain of 794.86%. While fish fed diet containing probiotics and prebiotic (diet C) showed a lower growth response (weight gain 641.26%) than those fed diet with probiotics and prebiotics (MOS) separately. Survival during the study for all treatments ranged from 90.00% to 93.33%.
Fish hydrolysate supplemented diet improved feed efficiency and growth of coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus)
Authors: Giri N A , Astuti N W W , Sudewi  , Marzuqi M , Asih Y N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Fish hydrolysate contains hydrolyzed protein which comprised of peptides and free amino acids that are easily digested and absorbed by fish. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of fish hydrolysate in improving feed efficiency and growth of coral trout. Five experimental diets were formulated to contain 47% protein and 12% lipid with different sources and levels of fish hydrolysate. Diet-1 and diet-2 were added with crustacean hydrolysate at 2% and 4% levels, respectively. Whereas diet-3 and diet-4 were supplemented with 2% and 4% of tuna hydrolysate. Diet-5 was formulated without fish hydrolysate supplementation (control). The diets were prepared as dry pellet with 3 mm diameter. Coral trout juveniles were produced in the hatchery of Institute for Mariculture Research and Fisheries Extension (IMRAFE), Gondol-Bali with the average body weight of 7.6 ± 0.9 g. The juveniles were maintained in 15 fiber tanks, 400L in volume, with a density of 40 fish/tank. The experiment was designed with a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments (different diets) and 3 replications for each treatment. The fish were fed the experimantal diets three times every day at satiation level for 84 days of feeding experiment. Results of the experiment showed that increased supplementation of fish hydrolysate from 2% to 4% in diet tended to improve fish growth performance. However, the best growth performance, in term of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR), was obtained in fish fed diet supplemented with 4% crustacean hydrolysate. This growth performance was significantly higher than of the other treatments (P<0.05). The best feed efficiency (FE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were also obtained in fish fed diet supplemented with 4% crustacean hydrolysate. The results of the present study showed that supplementation of 4% crustacean hydrolysate in diet effectively improved the growth and feed efficiency of coral trout.
Acclimatization of transformed seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii carrying lysozyme gene in culture flask and the cultivation in floating net cage in Pangkep coastal
Authors: Suryati E , Tenriulo A , Fadilah S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The in vitro transformation of the lysozyme gene in seaweed K. alvarezii has been successfully executed to increase the viability against ice-ice disease. There were two major stages in this research; (1) transformation of lysozyme gene in seaweed K. alvarezii which was carried out on laboratory scale and the cultivation of gene-transformed explants in the culture flask stored in “culture chamber”; (2) the acclimatization in floating net cages of green nets (mesh size of 1 mm) with cage size of 50 x 50 x 50 cm, the population density of 200 explants and cultivated for two weeks. The explants were then transferred to blue nets (mesh size of 2 mm) with a cage size of 50 x 50 x 50 cm for four weeks of rearing. The plants were then enlarged using a long-line method in the floating net cage, by tying the seaweed using a double line with a gap of 15 cm each. The measurement of weight, bud lengths, and water quality was carried out within 2 weeks. The result shows that the daily growth rate of the transformed seaweed during the regeneration stage in the culture flask was around 0.33-0.4%/day, meanwhile during the acclimatization stage in the green nets the was 0.65-1.6%/day, and even more, increased during the acclimatization stage in the blue nets with DGR of 2.28-2.3%/day. During the enlargement stage in the floating net cages, the lysozyme-transformed seaweed showed an even higher DGR with a value of 3.2-8.2%/day. The results of the integration of the lysozyme gene in seaweed were indicated by the presence of a 670 bp of amplification products, that is the same total length of the 35 S-F promoter fragments and Nos T-R in the expression vector. Based on these results, the lysozyme gene was successfully transformed in K. alvarezii seaweed.
Disease surveillance of cultured marine fish in the North of Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Mahardika K , Mastuti I , Syahidah D , Ismi S , Zafran  
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A regular surveillance of marine fish diseases was conducted from March to November 2019 in order to determine the occurrence time of the diseases within the mariculture centre of the North of Bali, Indonesia. The monthly surveillance was conducted by collecting 15 fish samples from each of the three hatcheries in Gerokgak and Penyabangan villages and of the two floating net cages in Pegametan Bay, Sumberkima village. Bacterial concentrations were grouped into 4 categories including low, moderate, high and very high. Surveillance data were analyzed using bivariate descriptive statistical methods. The results showed some important findings. First, the results of the study showed that NNV infection was found during the transitional seasons in March to June and September to November. Parasite infection were more frequent observed in fish with high and very high bacterial population. Second, high concentration of total bacteria in fish-feces occurred throughout the year. The prevalence of NNV infection and bacterial populations at the high to very high concentration were mostly occurred in the cultured fish in hatcheries at the size of 1-10 g, while in cultured fish at the net cages were mostly occurred at the size of > 50 g.
Growth and survival of spiny lobster, Panulirus homarus fed fresh food and formulated diet
Authors: Sudewi  , Astuti N W W , Fahrudin  , Giri I N A , Slamet B 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
To date, lobster aquaculture relies on fresh food for feeding; however, the availability of fresh food is limited and its excessive use causes environmental degradation. Therefore, formulated diet is required to establish sustainable lobster aquaculture. Concerning this issue, this study was carried out to assess the growth and survival of spiny lobster Panulirus homarus fed fresh food and formulated diet. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 groups of treatments and 3 replicates for each treatment. Feeding experiment was performed in a flow-through water system using 9 fibre tanks, 4000 L in volume. Each tank was stocked with 40 lobsters, with initial weight of 78.08 ± 0.22 g. Each group of lobsters was fed with fresh food (A), formulated diet (pellet) (B) and a combination of pellet and fresh food (C). The fresh food was a mixture of fish, crabs, shrimp and small mussel (3:1:1:1). Feeding experiment was done for 15 weeks. Results of the experiment showed that the highest specific growth rate of lobster was obtained from lobsters fed with the combination of pellet and fresh food (0.52 ± 0.02 %/day) and the lowest growth was resulted from lobsters fed formulated diet (0.16 ± 0.03 %/day). In contrast, the highest survival was achieved in lobsters fed formulated diet (51.67%). Whereas the lowest survival was found in lobsters fed fresh food (10%). This study indicated that good growth of lobster was resulted from feeding with formulated diet combined with fresh food, while good survival was supported by feeding with formulated diet.
Effect of WAF crude oil exposure to larvae development of the black-scar oyster Crasosstrea iredalei
Authors: Abidin G , Leksono A S , Risjani Y , Kingtong S 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOil spills potentially effect exposed organisms at various stage of life. This work aimed to access health risk of crude oil to larva development of a sessile organism the Black scar oysterCrassostrea iredaleiby using water accommodate fraction (WAF) of crude oil. Male and female gametes was collect and fertilized to obtained larvae at cleavage stage. The larvae were then incubate in various concentrations of WAF (0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 %). After 24 hour of exposure, normal D-shaped veliger larva (D-larva) was observe. The result showed that WAF crude oil affected the development and the successful of D-larva development. Severity of WAF effect was increasing with dosages of exposure. The abnormal larva developments were increasing in the high concentrations. The information obtaining from current work is important for health risk assessment of crude oil contamination incident in marine ecosystem. This study will also contribute valuable knowledge needed for aquaculture to know effect of crude oil spill to oyster farming area.
Management of sustainable fisheries and utilization status of red snapper (Lutjanus spp.) using handline landed in archipelagic fishing port of Brondong
Authors: Nugraha B , Utomo S W , Dewi I J P 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Fish resources of the study were landed in the Archipelagic Fishing Port of Brondong and it is dominated by the demersal fish (bottom). The red snapper (Lutjanus spp.) is one of demersal fish that is found in the Archipelagic Fishing port of Brondong. There is a catch on the red snapper (Lutjanus spp.) that takes place continuously without good management. This condition can impact to the decline or fullness of the number of its population, it is necessary to have a review to suspect the potential of sustainable catch and the number of total allowable catch, and the number of total allowable efforts in the management of the sustainable fishing commodity of red snapper (Lutjanus spp.). The data analysis method used is the production surplus model. The result of this research showed that the potential for maximum sustainable catch (YMSY) is 102.88 tons/year and total allowable catch (TAC) is 82.31 tons/year. Maximum sustainable effort (fMSY) is 709 trips/year and total allowable effort is 242 trips/year. utilization rate is 75% where condition in status fully exploited.
The influence of extraction period on the characteristics of acid soluble collagen from sea catfish (Arius thalassinus) swim bladder
Authors: Kurniasih R A , Swastawati F , Riyadi P H , Rianingsih L 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The sea catfish in Indonesia is commonly processed into smoked fish and salted fish. The processing of these two products leaves a by-product, namely a swim bladder of 2%. The study investigated the influence of extraction period on the characteristics of collagen from sea catfish (Arius thalassinus) swim bladder. Collagen was extracted from the swim bladder using 0.5 M citric acid with different extraction periods (8, 12, and 16 h). The extraction period of 12 h produced the highest yield of collagen, namely 40.33%. The results showed that the longer extraction, the more amino acids could be extracted from the swim bladder. Glycine was an amino acid that dominates collagen in the amount of 138544.9 to 175420.0 mg/kg. The electrophoresis pattern of protein fraction indicated that the collagen were of type I because it consists of α1 and α2 chains with a molecular weight of approximately 100 to 150 kDa and β chain of 250 kDa. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra of collagen showed the regions of amide A, B, I, II, and III. However, based on the results of the Differential Scanning Colorimetry (DSC), collagen extracted for 16 h had lower thermal stability than the extraction period of 8 and 12 h. Based on these data, sea catfish swim bladder can be used as an alternative raw material for collagen production because it has a higher thermal stability than mammalian collagen, also can be used in the food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries.
Population dynamics of eastern little tuna (Euthynnus affinis) in Ternate Waters
Authors: Tangke U , Laisouw R , Talib A , Husen Azis , Kota R , Umagap W A Z 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEastern little tuna production still depends on stocks from nature, so it is feared that if production continues to increase it will threaten the sustainability of tuna resources, therefore for the sake of sustainable management information is needed on population parameters so that research is carried out from January to April 2021 with the aim of assessing the dynamics of the population of these resources. The data collection procedure was carried out by measuring the total length of the fish caught per fishing trip for 4 months using a meter with a unit (centimeter) cm and an accuracy of 1 mm. The results of the research showed that tuna in the southern waters of Ternate Island had stable growth parameters including maximum length (L∞) 68.25 cm with a growth coefficient (K) of 0.25 per month, t0 -0.20, with total mortality, natural and fishing values respectively. respectively are 0.64, 0.43, 0.21 and the level of exploitation is 0.33 where this value indicates that the rate of exploitation is smaller so it is necessary to increase fishing effort until the optimum value reaches 0.38.
Analysis of hard coral condition on coral reef ecosystem in Ternate Island
Authors: Paembonan R E , Ismail F , Baddu S , Najamuddin  , Tahir I , Akbar N , Inayah  , Nurhayati A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Hard coral is a type of coral building structure in coral reef ecosystems. Hard coral is a coral reef entity that plays an important function in a coral reef ecosystem, especially related to physical and ecological functions in shallow marine waters environment. This study aimed to study percentages of coral cover, species life form, diversity index, dominance index, and distribution clusters of hard corals based on environmental parameters around Ternate Island. Hard coral cover sampling was carried out systematically using the underwater photo transect (UPT) method. The number of sampling stations were 30 location points with 750 photos. The method used for analyzing ecological conditions of hard corals was coral point count with excel extensions (CPCe). Environmental parameters measured included salinity, temperature, pH, brightness level, and dissolved oxygen. The distribution of hard coral clusters was analyzed statistically using the classify-hierarchical cluster. Study results showed that coral cover percentages ranged from 19% to 93% with an average cover of 67%, species diversity range was 7 to 40 species with an average of 19 species, diversity index (H ') with a value of 1.14 to 6.02 with an average of 2.07, dominance index (D) with a value of 0.13 to 0.53 with an average of 0.23. The results of the analysis of the distribution of hard corals consisted of four clusters. The study also found that distribution of hard coral clusters in Ternate Island was related to substrate topography.