bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variations in phenolic levels in grapevine buds at eco-dormancy after chemically-induced stress conditions
Authors: Daskalakis Ioannis , Stavrakaki Maritina , Sotirakoglou Kyriaki , Biniari Katerina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractViticulture is one of the briskest economic activities worldwide. A major obstacle impeding such grape yields to satisfy the demand for increased production is the insufficient period of chilling temperatures which, due to climate change, is becoming briefer. The shorter period of cold leads to poor budbreak which, in turn, results in reduced yields. To combat this issue, agronomists have resorted to treatments with chemical regulators to meet the chilling requirement for bud dormancy release several fruit-bearing plants have, including grapevines.This study aimed at identifying and quantifying during eco-dormancy the individual polyphenolic compounds, and their possible variations, in the latent buds of the ‘Prime©’ and ‘Ralli’ table grape cultivars. The study induced chemical stress by means of four different solutions, at three discrete dates per year, for three consecutive years. Phenolics in the latent buds of the studied varieties were analyzed via HPLC. Their quantitative analysis showed variations both between the varieties and between the samples of those varieties collected after the eight treatments. The analysis indicated that the concentration of phenolics continued progressing during the annual growth cycle of the grapevine, with strong positive correlations being detected between catechin, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, o-coumaric, piceid, procyanidins B1-B2, rutin, ε-viniferin. Luteolin registered a positive correlation with quercetin, resveratrol, o-coumaric, but not with the remaining polyphenols. The results confirmed that (a) the concentration of phenolics of the latent buds is affected by chemically-induced stress conditions, (b) depending on the date of application, significant changes appear in the variations of those phenolics.One sentence summaryChanges in the levels of polyphenol compounds of the grapevine’s latent buds hints, for the first time, how much stress the buds actually undergo under chemically-induced stress conditions
Gene network simulations provide testable predictions for the molecular domestication syndrome
Authors: Burban Ewen , Tenaillon Maud I , Le Rouzic Arnaud 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTThe domestication of plant species lead to repeatable morphological evolution, often referred to as thephenotypic domestication syndrome. Domestication is also associated with important genomic changes, such as the loss of genetic diversity compared to adequately large wild populations, and modifications of gene expression patterns. Here, we explored theoretically the effect of a domestication-like scenario on the evolution of gene regulatory networks. We ran population genetics simulations in which individuals were featured by their genotype (an interaction matrix encoding a gene regulatory network) and their gene expressions, representing the phenotypic level. Our domestication scenario included a population bottleneck and a selection switch mimicking human-mediated directional and canalizing selection, i.e., change in the optimal gene expression level and selection towards more stable expression across environments. We showed that domestication profoundly alters genetic architectures. Based on four examples of plant domestication scenarios, our simulations predict (i) a drop in neutral allelic diversity, (ii) a change in gene expression variance that depends upon the domestication scenario, (iii) transient maladaptive plasticity, (iv) a deep rewiring of the gene regulatory networks, with a trend towards gain of regulatory interactions, and (v) a global increase in the genetic correlations among gene expressions, with a loss of modularity in the resulting coexpression patterns and in the underlying networks. We provide empirically testable predictions on the differences of genetic architectures between wild and domesticated forms. The characterization of such systematic evolutionary changes in the genetic architecture of traits contributes to define amolecular domestication syndrome.
Alternative splicing of OAS1 alters the risk for severe COVID-19
Authors: Huffman Jennifer , Butler-Laporte Guillaume , Khan Atlas , Drivas Theodore G. , Peloso Gina M. , Nakanishi Tomoko , Verma Anurag , Kiryluk Krzysztof , Richards J. Brent , Zeberg Hugo 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTA locus containing OAS1/2/3 has been identified as a risk locus for severe COVID-19 among Europeans ancestry individuals, with a protective haplotype of ∼75 kilobases derived from Neanderthals. Here, we show that among several potentially causal variants at this locus, a splice variant of OAS1 occurs in people of African ancestry independently of the Neanderthal haplotype and confers protection against COVID-19 of a magnitude similar to that seen in individuals without African ancestry.
Functional neural network for decision processing, a racing network of programmable neurons with fuzzy logic where the target operating model relies on the network itself
Authors: Jumelle Frederic , So Kelvin , Deng Didan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we are introducing a novel model of artificial intelligence, the functional neural network for modeling of human decision-making processes. This neural network is composed of multiple artificial neurons racing in the network. Each of these neurons has a similar structure programmed independently by the users and composed of an intention wheel, a motor core and a sensory core representing the user itself and racing at a specific velocity. The mathematics of the neuron’s formulation and the racing mechanism of multiple nodes in the network will be discussed, and the group decision process with fuzzy logic and the transformation of these conceptual methods into practical methods of simulation and in operations will be developed. Eventually, we will describe some possible future research directions in the fields of finance, education and medicine including the opportunity to design an intelligent learning agent with application in business operations supervision. We believe that this functional neural network has a promising potential to transform the way we can compute decision-making and lead to a new generation of neuromorphic chips for seamless human-machine interactions.
RIM-Binding Protein 2 organizes Ca2+channel topography and regulates release probability and vesicle replenishment at a fast central synapse
Authors: Butola Tanvi , Alvanos Theocharis , Hintze Anika , Koppensteiner Peter , Kleindienst David , Shigemoto Ryuichi , Wichmann Carolin , Moser Tobias 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRIM-Binding Protein 2 (RIM-BP2) is a multi-domain protein of the presynaptic active zone (AZ). By binding to Rab-interacting protein (RIM), bassoon and voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels (CaV), it is considered to be a central organizer of the topography of CaVand release sites of synaptic vesicles (SVs) at the AZ. Here, we investigated the role of RIM-BP2 at the endbulb of Held synapse of auditory nerve fibers with bushy cells of the cochlear nucleus, a fast relay of the auditory pathway with high release probability. Disruption of RIM-BP2 lowered release probability altering short-term plasticity and reduced evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs). Analysis of SV pool dynamics during high frequency train stimulation indicated a reduction of SVs with high release probability but an overall normal size of the readily releasable SV pool (RRP). The Ca2+-dependent fast component of SV replenishment after RRP depletion was slowed. Ultrastructural analysis by super-resolution light and electron microscopy revealed an impaired topography of presynaptic CaVand a reduction of docked and membrane-proximal SVs at the AZ. We conclude that RIM-BP2 organizes the topography of CaV, and promotes SV tethering and docking. This way RIM-BP2 is critical for establishing a high initial release probability as required to reliably signal sound onset information that we found to be degraded in bushy cells of RIM-BP2-deficient micein vivo.Significance StatementRIM-binding proteins (RIM-BPs) are key organizers of the active zone (AZ). Using a multidisciplinary approach to the calyceal endbulb of Held synapse that transmit auditory information at rates of up to hundreds of Hertz with sub-millisecond precision we demonstrate a requirement for RIM-BP2 for normal auditory signaling. Endbulb synapses lacking RIM-BP2 show a reduced release probability despite normal whole-terminal Ca2+influx and abundance of the key priming protein Munc13-1, a reduced rate of SV replenishment, as well as an altered topography of CaV2.1 Ca2+channels, and fewer docked and membrane proximal synaptic vesicles. This hampers transmission of sound onset information likely affecting downstream neural computations such as of sound localization.
The criterion validity of career adapt–abilities scale with cooperation among Chinese workers
Authors: Prasad Joshua , Gardner Danielle M. , Leong Frederick T. , Zhang Jinmei , Nye Christopher D. 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThis work contributes to the literature on career adaptability by examining the criterion validity of the Cooperation dimension, supporting the inclusion of cooperation into the career adaptability construct and informing the nomological network of career adaptability (Nye et al., 2018; Savickas and Porfeli, 2012). The authors also evaluate the improvements in cross-cultural generalizability argued for by Nye et al. (2018) by conducting a criterion validity study of the CAAS including cooperation using a non-Western sample.Design/methodology/approachSurvey responses from a Chinese adult working sample (N = 208, 53.4% male) were analyzed via relative weights analysis, facilitating the comparison of the Cooperation dimension to other career adaptability dimensions and general adaptability.FindingsResults demonstrate the added value of the Cooperation dimension across several work outcomes (i.e. work engagement, career commitment, occupational well-being, occupational stress) and highlight Cooperation in predicting interpersonal outcomes (i.e. supervisor and coworker satisfaction).Originality/valueThe inclusion of Cooperation, a dimension originally conceptualized as a career adaptability factor but only recently subjected to additional psychometric evaluation, within the career adaptability paradigm should promote both predictive validity and cross-cultural generalizability.
The perception of COVID-19 and avoidance behavior in Turkey: the role of income level, gender and education
Authors: Abdulmuhsin Amir A. , Değirmenci Bekir , Efendi̇oğlu İbrahim Halil , Durmaz Yakup 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThis study aims to reveal both the effect of the perception of COVID-19 on avoidance behaviors and the mediating role of the perception of personal control in this relationship. COVID-19 emerged in December 2019 and since then, it has spread globally in a short period and has affected people socially, economically and culturally.Design/methodology/approachThe data for the research was collected from 418 participants during COVID-19, through online questionnaires. The obtained data were analyzed through AMOS and SPSS software using structural equation modeling.FindingsThe research results show that some perceptions of COVID-19 affect avoidance behavior and that personal control has a mediating role. It has also been found that gender plays a moderating role in the relationship between COVID-19 and avoidance behavior. It has been found that women are especially more sensitive compared to men in perceiving COVID-19. This study also found that perception of COVID-19 changes depending on income.Practical implicationsAfter the pandemic is over, people will get in contact with each other less than before, and trade will change accordingly. People will avoid shopping in crowded places, and consumer behaviors will undergo different changes. All of these results considered, it is expected that avoidance behavior will cause some permanent behavioral changes in consumers.Originality/valueThe study answers the critical question about the effect of the perception of COVID-19 on avoidance behavior. Furthermore, the role of income level, gender and education in this relationship will be highlighted.
The gender wage gap and the presence of foreign firms in Vietnam: evidence from unconditional quantile regression decomposition
Authors: Nguyen Dao Dinh , Zhang Xinran , Nguyen Trang Huyen 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThe objective of this study is to estimate the gender wage gap in Vietnam and its rural and urban areas, especially with the presence of foreign firms.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use cross-sectional data from three rounds of the Vietnam Household Living Standards Survey (VHLSS 2008, 2012, and 2016) to investigate this issue. The unconditional quantile regression and Oaxaca–Blinder (OB) decomposition are used in this article.FindingsThe article finds the gender wage gap favouring men, especially in higher quantiles of the wage distribution. The gap in urban Vietnam was higher than in rural areas. The OB decomposition indicates that gender wage gap is mainly driven by gender discrimination. The differences in return to participation in foreign companies only contributed significantly and positively to such a gap in some models. It suggests that the gap in those models is affected by gender discrimination in employment opportunities in foreign companies. Regarding the endowment effect, some models provide the significantly negative impacts of foreign firms on gender wage inequality.Originality/valueThe study suggests that policies to reduce the gender wage gap should pay more attention to foreign firms, especially at higher wage classes.
Lessons from mandated implementation of a performance management system
Authors: Marchand Jean-Sebastien , Breton Mylaine , Saulpic Olivier , Côté-Boileau Élizabeth 
Published: March 2021

PurposeLean-inspired approaches and performance management systems are being implemented in public healthcare organisations internationally. However, the literature is inconclusive regarding the benefits of these management tools and there is a lack of knowledge regarding processes for large-scale implementation of these tools. This article aims to describe the implementation process and to better understand how this process influences the mandated performance management system.Design/methodology/approachThis research is based on a comparative case study of three healthcare organisations in Canada. Data consist documents, non-participant observation and semi-structured interviews with key actors (n = 30). Analysis is based on a sociotechnical approach to management tools that considers organisational context, and the tool's technical substrate, theory of action and managerial philosophy.FindingsResults show that despite a standardised national mandate, the tool as implemented varied between organisations in terms of technical substrate and managerial philosophy. These variations are explained by the flexibility of the technical substrate, the lack of clarity of the managerial philosophy, and some contextual elements. Successful implementation may rest upon high hybridization of the tool on these different dimensions. A precise and prescribed technical substrate is not sufficient to guarantee implementation of a managerial philosophy.Practical implicationsMandated implementation of management tools may be more successful if it is explicit on the managerial philosophy, the technical substrate and the link between the two, and if it provides some leeway to adapt both to the organisational context.Originality/valueThis is one of the few studies to describe and analyse the process involved in mandated large-scale implementation of performance management systems in public healthcare organisations.
The role of plant secondary metabolites in shaping regional and local plant community assembly
Authors: Endara María‐José , Soule Abrianna J. , Forrister Dale L. , Dexter Kyle G. , Pennington R. Toby , Nicholls James A. , Loiseau Oriane , Kursar Thomas A. , Coley Phyllis D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

The outstanding diversity of Amazonian forests is predicted to be the result of several processes. While tree lineages have dispersed repeatedly across the Amazon, interactions between plants and insects may be the principal mechanism structuring the communities at local scales.

Using metabolomic and phylogenetic approaches, we investigated the patterns of historical assembly of plant communities across the Amazon based on the Neotropical genus of trees Inga (Leguminosae) at four, widely separated sites.

Our results show a low degree of phylogenetic structure and a mixing of chemotypes across the whole Amazon basin, suggesting that although biogeography may play a role, the metacommunity for any local community in the Amazon is the entire basin. Yet, local communities are assembled by ecological processes, with the suite of Inga at a given site more divergent in chemical defences than expected by chance

Synthesis. To our knowledge, this is the first study to present metabolomic data for nearly 100 species in a diverse Neotropical plant clade across the whole Amazonia. Our results demonstrate a role for plant–herbivore interactions in shaping the clade's community assembly at a local scale, and suggest that the high alpha diversity in Amazonian tree communities must be due in part to the interactions of diverse tree lineages with their natural enemies providing a high number of niche dimensions.
Unifying the concepts of stability and resilience in ecology
Authors: Van Meerbeek Koenraad , Jucker Tommaso , Svenning Jens‐Christian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Characterizing how ecosystems are responding to rapid environmental change has become a major focus of ecological research. The empirical study of ecological stability, which aims to quantify these ecosystem responses, is therefore more relevant than ever.

Based on a historical review and bibliometric mapping of the field of ecological stability, we show that the two main schools relating to the study of stability—one focusing on systems close to their equilibrium and the other on non‐equilibrium behaviour—have developed in parallel leading to divergence in both concepts and definitions.

We synthesize and expand previous frameworks and capitalize on the latest developments in the field to build towards an integrated framework by elaborating the overarching concept of ecological stability and its properties. Finally, the broad applicability of our work is demonstrated in two empirical cases.

Synthesis. With rapidly changing environmental conditions, the stability of ecosystems has become a major focus of ecological research. Still, the concept of stability remains a major source of confusion and disagreement among ecologists. The conceptual framework presented here provides a basis to integrate currently diverging views on the study of ecological stability.
Does air pollution affect investor cognition and land valuation? Evidence from the Chinese land market
Authors: Huang Zhonghua , Du Xuejun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study investigates whether and how air pollution affects investor cognition and valuation in the land market. We find that air pollution significantly affects investor behavior and decreases the bidding prices for land, based on the daily transaction data from the Chinese primary land market. The effect of air pollution on land prices is much stronger for high unit price land parcels and private real estate developers. We exploit the quasi‐natural experiment of Huai River policy as instrument variable and find a causal effect of air pollution on cognitive bias and under valuation in the land market. We further explore the underlying mechanism and find that pollution‐induced change of cognition, mood and behavioral bias play a role. Air pollution‐induced projection bias decreases the demand and bidding price for land. Moreover, air pollution influences investors’ mood and decreases land price premiums.
Real‐time use of a computer‐aided system for polyp detection during colonoscopy, an ambispective study
Authors: Shen Ping , Li Wei Zhi , Li Jia Xin , Pei Zheng Cun , Luo Yu Xuan , Mu Jin Bao , Li Wen , Wang Xi Mo 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate ambispectively the effectiveness of a real‐time computer‐aided detection (CADe) system on the number of polyp (PPC) or adenoma per colonoscopy (APC), and polyp (PDR) or adenoma detection rate (ADR).MethodsEight‐five videos marked using the CADe system, together with the unmarked videos, were reviewed by two senior endoscopists. Polyps detected in the marked and unmarked videos were recounted in parallel. Additionally, 128 consecutive patients were enrolled for a prospective evaluation using a standard colonoscopy or the CADe monitor alternately every 2 weeks. The PC, APC, PDR and ADR were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe total number of polyps reported in the unmarked and marked videos were 73 and 88, respectively (mean PPC 0.86 vs 1.04, P = 0.001). The proportion of polyps detected per colonoscopy increased by 20.5%. Of the 128 prospectively enrolled patients, 186 polyps were detected. The mean PPC was higher in the CADe colonoscopy than in the standard colonoscopy (1.66 vs 1.13, P = 0.039). The PDR using the CADe colonoscopy was significantly higher than that of the standard colonoscopy (78.1% vs 56.3%, P = 0.008).ConclusionReal‐time CADe system significantly increases the PDR and PPC under the situation of a high rate of polyp detection.
Remarkable response of non‐small cell lung cancer to nintedanib treatment in a patient with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Kai Yoshiro , Matsuda Masayuki , Fukuoka Atsuhiko , Hontsu Shigeto , Yamauchi Motoo , Yoshikawa Masanori , Muro Shigeo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNintedanib is a multi‐target receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor that reduces the decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) and prevents acute exacerbations in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), which is a risk factor for lung cancer. However, it remains unclear whether nintedanib is an effective treatment for lung cancer in patients with IPF. Here, we describe an 82‐year‐old man with non‐small cell lung carcinoma complicated by IPF who was treated with nintedanib. High‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) showed a subpleural basal‐predominant reticular shadow and traction bronchiectasis with a honeycomb pattern. His FVC decreased over time, and his 6‐min walk test showed oxygen desaturation. Furthermore, an enlarged nodular lesion was detected after 6 months of referral. Biopsy confirmed non‐small cell carcinoma. Because of the risk of acute exacerbation of IPF by chemotherapy, supportive care was selected. Nintedanib was started as treatment for the IPF. Nine months later, HRCT revealed partial remission without exacerbation of IPF. This case indicates the possibility of nintedanib monotherapy in suppressing lung cancer complicated by IPF. Patients with lung cancer complicated by IPF in whom treatment is effective remain unknown. Additional research is needed to identify effective therapy for lung cancer with IPF.