bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to get rid of diploid bumblebee males – variability in wing size and shape does not allow within‐colony ploidy discrimination
Authors: Bogo Gherardo , Cejas Diego , De la Rúa Pilar , Bortolotti Laura 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe bumblebee Bombus terrestris L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) is an effective pollinator of both wild and cultivated plants and essential for the pollination of various important greenhouse crops. Because of its sex determination mechanism, homozygosity of the complementary sex determination (csd) locus due to inbreeding causes fertilized eggs to develop into diploid males, which represent a serious disadvantage for the colonies as their presence decreases colony growth and survival. The identification of diploid males is thus important from both ecological and economic points of view. In the present study, we applied the geometric morphometrics method on wing shape and size of B. terrestris diploid and haploid males at overall and intra‐colony levels to investigate wing changes between the two groups. We found that changes in wing shape concerned almost all cells investigated and male diploidy resulted in a narrower and slightly longer configuration. In addition, diploid male wings presented a very high variation both in size and shape, likely due to sub‐optimal temperature of incubation and food availability during their larval development. This strong variation of diploid male wings makes the ploidy discrimination by wing geometric morphometrics inaccurate based on small reference samples at the intra‐colony level even with allometric data correction, whereas it is accurate (precision >90%) at the overall level, in which sample size is high enough (i.e., 500 individuals). Therefore, our results indicated the need to create a large dataset to allow the analysis of few samples, as is the case with studies of wild bumblebee populations, small rearing companies, or preserved museum specimens. For this reason, we provide a large database of B. terrestris wing Procrustes coordinates (500 samples) to the bumblebee scientific community for use in the analysis of the determination of diploid male individuals.
Fatigue and fracture of ultrasonically welded aluminum alloys to carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastics
Authors: Staab Florian , Balle Frank 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis work evaluates the fatigue behavior of ultrasonically welded aluminum AA5024) to fiber reinforced thermoplastic (PEEK) joints at a stress ratio of R > 0. Initial load increase tests were carried out and, based on a detected material reaction caused by fatigue damage, the load horizon for subsequent constant amplitude tests was derived. After identifying characteristic stress level, microscopic investigations of hybrid fracture surfaces were carried out. Damage behavior and failure mechanisms in comparison to monotonic tensile tests were investigated and discussed in detail. For a fatigue limit of 2·106 cycles, the applied maximum force corresponds to 35% of the maximum lap shear force for monotonic testing. A drop in stiffness to 88% close to failure was observed.
Redox proteomics analysis of hair shaft proteins upon hydrothermal and alkaline insult
Authors: Maes Evelyne , Deb‐Choudhury Santanu , Clerens Stefan , Davis Stephanie L. , Davis Michael G. , Marsh Jennifer M. , Willicut Robert J. , Dyer Jolon M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveHuman hair is regularly subjected to chemical and physical insults, such as heat, UV‐irradiation and alkaline hair care products. These insults result in molecular modifications at the hair protein level that underpin mechanical and sensory property changes in the fibres. These changes can manifest itself in reduced hair quality and performance attributes observable to the consumer. In this work, changes in protein modification as a result of heat and alkaline treatments are determined.MethodsRedox proteomic profiling using high‐resolution mass spectrometry was applied to map and evaluate amino acid residue modifications in human hair exposed to a combination of thermal treatments and alkali exposure with the aim to understand the underlying chemical processes.ResultsOur results show that an increase in redox‐related modifications is associated with exposure to higher levels of hydrothermal and alkaline insult. Post‐translational modification profiling at the protein primary structural level delivered some further insights into the site‐specificity of these modifications, with a clear increase in the number of cysteic acid modifications noticed in samples subjected to more extreme insults.ConclusionPinpointing modification sides within proteins and the hair shaft proteome can be used as a basis for employing mitigation or repair strategies of hair protein damage caused by environmental or hair treatment‐related insults.
Combining DNA Barcoding and Chemical fingerprints to authenticate Lavender raw material
Authors: Philippe Florian , Dubrulle Nelly , Marteaux Benjamin , Bonnet Brice , Choisy Patrick , Berthon Jean‐Yves , Garnier Laurence , Leconte Nadine , Milesi Sandrine , Morvan Pierre‐Yves , Saunois Alex , Sun Jian‐Sheng , Weber Sandrine , Giraud Nicole 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study was initiated and conducted by several laboratories, 3 of the main cosmetic ingredient suppliers and 4 brands of cosmetics in France. Its objective is to show the interest and robustness of coupling chemical and genetic analyses in the identification of plant species. In this study, the Lavandula genus was used.MethodsIn this study, we used two analytical methods. Chemical analysis from UHPLC (ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography) and genetic analysis from barcoding with genetic markers.ResultsEleven lavender species were selected (botanically authenticated) and analysed. The results show that three chemical compounds (coumaric acid hexoside, ferulic acid hexoside and rosmarinic acid) and three genetic markers (RbcL, trnH‐psbA and ITS) are of interest for the differentiation of species of the genus lavandula.ConclusionThe results show that the combination of complementary analytical methods is a relevant system to prove the botanical identification of lavender species. This first study, carried out on a plant of interest for cosmetics, demonstrates the need for authentication using a tool combining genetic and chemical analysis as an advance over traditional investigation methods used alone, in terms of identification and authentication reliability.
Absolute autonomy, respectful recognition and derived dignity: Towards a typology of meaningful work
Authors: Laaser Knut , Bolton Sharon 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTheoretical and empirical contributions to meaningful work (MW) have flourished in the last two decades; investigating how the interplay of organizational factors with employee attitudes and experiences enables or denies MW. This paper reviews MW literature in the fields of management and organizational behaviour, political philosophy, the humanities and sociology with the aim of identifying and comparing conceptualizations of MW and how they relate to low‐skilled work. The review illustrates that a wide range of MW concepts either interpret low‐skilled work as bereft of essential sources for MW, or focus exclusively on workers’ innate drive to make meaningful experiences and thereby neglect the politics of working life. Making the point that low‐skilled work can also be meaningful, the paper develops a framework for low‐skilled work that has at its heart the interplay between the unique characteristics and dynamics of the labour process and workers’ agential responses. The framework rests on a combination of labour process analysis and industrial relations approaches, along with sociological concepts of agency. It develops three interdependent conceptual dimensions of core autonomy, respectful recognition and derived dignity that aim to capture MW in low‐skilled work settings. The framework contributes to vibrant debates in the MW literature by showcasing how meaningfulness emerges through bottom‐up collective and individual practices, relations and strategies that are reflective of the formal structures, demands and relations of low‐skilled work.
Imaging dendritic cell functions*
Authors: Bošnjak Berislav , Do Kim Thi Hoang , Förster Reinhold , Hammerschmidt Swantje I. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDendritic cells (DCs) are crucial for the appropriate initiation of adaptive immune responses. During inflammation, DCs capture antigens, mature, and migrate to lymphoid tissues to present foreign material to naïve T cells. These cells get activated and differentiate either into pathogen‐specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cells that destroy infected cells or into CD4+ T helper cells that, among other effector functions, orchestrate antibody production by B cells. DC‐mediated antigen presentation is equally important in non‐inflammatory conditions. Here, DCs mediate induction of tolerance by presenting self‐antigens or harmless environmental antigens and induce differentiation of regulatory T cells or inactivation of self‐reactive immune cells. Detailed insights into the biology of DCs are, therefore, crucial for the development of novel vaccines as well as the prevention of autoimmune diseases. As in many other life science areas, our understanding of DC biology would be extremely restricted without bioimaging, a compilation of methods that visualize biological processes. Spatiotemporal tracking of DCs relies on various imaging tools, which not only enable insights into their positioning and migration within tissues or entire organs but also allow visualization of subcellular and molecular processes. This review aims to provide an overview of the imaging toolbox and to provide examples of diverse imaging techniques used to obtain fundamental insights into DC biology.
Impact of diabetes status on immunogenicity of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in older adults
Authors: Spencer Sarah , Chung Jessie R. , Belongia Edward A. , Sundaram Maria , Meece Jennifer , Coleman Laura A. , Zimmerman Richard K. , Nowalk Mary Patricia , Moehling Geffel Krissy , Ross Ted , Carter Chalise E. , Shay David , Levine Min , Liepkalns Justine , Kim Jin Hyang , Sambhara Suryaprakash , Thompson Mark G. , Flannery Brendan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIndividuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus experience high rates of influenza virus infection and complications. We compared the magnitude and duration of serologic response to trivalent influenza vaccine in adults aged 50–80 with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Serologic response to influenza vaccination was similar in both groups: greater fold‐increases in antibody titer occurred among participants with lower pre‐vaccination antibody titers. Waning of antibody titers was not influenced by diabetes status.
Tearing Down Walls, Opening Doors: Teaching an Art History College Course in Jail During Covid
Authors: Ruyter Mia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWith no possibility of teaching in prisons in person because of the pandemic, a group of social justice concerned art history graduate students offered a remote learning college course for people incarcerated in a detention facility in the United States. The culturally sustaining and trauma‐sensitive course, delivered asynchronously via tablets, was a survey of contemporary art. Because of a quarantine in response to the COVID pandemic, the class had the opportunity to use technology that is new to carceral spaces. The advantages and problems will be discussed. This article will close with practical recommendations for educators seeking to provide similar programming.
Icariin accelerates cartilage defect repair by promoting chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs under conditions of oxygen‐glucose deprivation
Authors: Tang Wang , Zhang Hongyi , Liu Donghua , Jiao Feng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study explored the role played by combined ICA and bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in repairing rabbit knee cartilage defects. Firstly, rabbit BMSCs were isolated and used to construct an in vitro cellular model of oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). Subsequently, ICA processing, Alcian blue staining, immunofluorescence and Western blot studies were performed to evaluate the ability of BMSCs to display signs of chondrogenic differentiation. Furthermore, a rabbit knee cartilage injury model was established in vivo. International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) macroscopic evaluations, H&E, Alcian blue and EdU staining, as well as immunohistochemistry, were analysed cartilage repair and pathological condition of the knee cartilage tissue. Our in vitro results showed that ICA promoted the chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs, as well as aggrecan (AGR), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and COL2A1 protein expression in BMSCs. In vivo experiments showed that rabbits in the BMSCs or ICA treatment group had higher ICRS scores and displayed a better restoration of cartilage‐like tissue and chondrocyte expression on the surface of their cartilage defects. In conclusion, ICA or BMSCs alone could repair rabbit knee cartilage damage, and combined treatment with ICA and BMSCs showed a better ability to repair rabbit knee cartilage damage.
Gender and Crises in European Economic Governance: Is this Time Different?*
Authors: O'Dwyer Muireann 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThere is now a significant literature engaging with questions around gender and economic governance in the European Union. This builds upon research that demonstrates the gendered nature of the economy, and the gendered impacts of policy interventions. This paper draws on that research to develop an account of the gendered nature of the EU's crisis response, moving from analysis of the response to the Global Financial Crisis to some prelimary discussions of the EU's economic response to the COVID‐19 pandemic. The paper shows how at each stage policies generate gendered consequences, and are built upon gendered assumptions about society and the economy.This paper therefore connects the feminist literature on the European Economic Governance to debates on the COVID‐19 response, using a focus on gender and gender equality to examine key continuities between the crisis fighting of the Global Financial crisis to the establishment of the Next Generation EU fund.
Mutation accumulation in inbreeding populations under evolution of the selfing rate
Authors: Xu Kuangyi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIt is theoretically established that self‐fertilization can facilitate mutation accumulation, thus increasing extinction risk. However, in previous studies, selfing rates are often set as fixed parameters, but in natural systems, evolution of selfing rates and deleterious mutations may mutually affect each other. I carried out simulations to investigate the dynamics of selfing rates and mutation accumulation, by allowing deleterious mutations to coevolve with alleles that modify the selfing rate (selfing modifiers). I found that selfing rates will often fluctuate over time, due to successive invasion of alleles that increase selfing and outcrossing. Since mutation fixation is mainly caused by Muller's ratchet, its rate is sensitive to the change of the selfing rate mutations will accumulate in a punctuated pattern. The dynamics are influenced by several factors, such as recombination and the selfing rate effects of selfing modifier loci. Also, such temporal variation produces variation of selfing rates and mutation accumulation rates between multiple conspecific populations, which can increase the average fitness across populations. As factors, such as the genomic mutation rate of deleterious mutations, can simultaneously influence the selfing rate and mutation fixation, effects of these factors on mutation accumulation rates can be complicated and non‐monotonic.
Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam (jackfruit) processing equipment: Research insights and perspectives
Authors: Nelluri Puja , Venkatesh Thulasiraman , Kothakota Anjineyulu , Pandiselvam Ravi , Garg Ramandeep , Mousavi Khaneghah Amin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIndia is the largest producer of jackfruit (Artocarpus Heterophyllus Lam.) all over the world. It is an underutilized seasonal fruit rich in vitamins, minerals, proteins, and carbohydrates. A significant chunk of the jackfruit production is wasted due to a lack of postharvest technological interventions. Due to its bulky nature, thickness, and spiky skin, operations like peeling, cutting, and coring are difficult to perform manually. Recently, there is a considerable improvement in the mechanization of jackfruit postharvest processing, which helps to reduce the wastage by 80% in its production and utilization. This review summarizes the recently developed varied types of machinery, procedures, and working mechanism of various postharvest operations such as peeling, cutting, coring, bulb removal, and seed processing. Moreover, it critically evaluates and compares the machinery for each stage of unit operation involved in jackfruit processing. The development of various thermal processing techniques such as blanching, canning, boiling, and drying is also discussed in detail. However, on comparing thermal processing with other processing aids, there is always a critical nutrients loss during thermal processing. This review also finally explores the jackfruit potential for industrial application and commercialization.Practical ApplicationsUnit operations involving preprocessing of jackfruits such as peeling, cutting, coring, bulb removal, seed roasting, and seed dehulling remain the most tedious operation in jackfruit processing due to its irregular shape and hard surface. Manual operation of such unit operations consumes much time and causes drudgery. Hence, the development of suitable equipment for such unit operations becomes inevitable and helps make the jackfruit processing faster and more efficient. Critical analysis of various machineries for jackfruit processing will be of great use for industries to learn about various machineries used in jackfruit processing.
Hospital admissions in infants with Down syndrome: a record‐linked population‐based cohort study in Wales
Authors: Esperanza R. A. , Evans A. , Tucker D. , Paranjothy S. , Hurt L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite recent advances, mortality in children with Down syndrome remains five times higher than in the general population. This study aims to describe the burden, patterns and causes of hospital admissions in infants with Down syndrome, and compare this with infants without Down syndrome in a population‐based cohort.MethodsThis study used data from the Wales Electronic Cohort for Children, a cohort of all children born in Wales between 1990 and 2012. The cohort was generated from routine administrative data, linked to create an anonymised data set within the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage databank. This analysis is based on all infants born between January 2003 and January 2012 who were followed to their first birthday, a move out of Wales, death, or until 31 October 2012 (end of follow‐up). Infants with Down syndrome were identified using the Congenital Anomaly Register and Information Service in Wales. Multivariable Cox regression was used to compare the time to first hospital admission. Admission codes were used to identify the commonest indications for hospitalisation and to determine the presence of other congenital anomalies.ResultsWe included 324 060 children, 356 of whom had Down syndrome. Of infants with Down syndrome, 80.3% had at least one hospital inpatient admission during the first year of life, compared with 32.9% of infants without Down syndrome. These first admissions were earlier [median of 6 days interquartile range (IQR) (3, 72) compared with 45 days [IQR 6, 166)] and longer [median of 4 days (IQR 1, 15) compared with 1 day (IQR 0, 3)] than in infants without Down syndrome. The most common causes of admissions were congenital abnormalities, respiratory diseases, conditions originating in the perinatal period and infectious diseases. The presence of other congenital abnormalities increased hospitalisations in all infants, but more so in infants with Down syndrome who spent a median of 21 days in hospital (IQR 11, 47) during their first year of life.ConclusionInfants with Down syndrome are at high risk for early, more frequent and longer hospital admissions. Congenital heart disease and respiratory infections remain a major burden in this population. More research is needed to understand how to better manage these conditions particularly in the first month of life when most admissions occur.
A window into an older orogenic cycle: P–T conditions and timing of the pre‐Alpine history of the Dora‐Maira Massif (Western Alps)
Authors: Nosenzo Francesco , Manzotti Paola , Poujol Marc , Ballèvre Michel , Langlade Jessica 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDeciphering the pre‐orogenic evolution of subducted continental basement is challenging due to pervasive reworking of crust during subduction and exhumation. Survival of such polycyclic basement may occur locally in low strain domains bounded by intensely overprinted rocks. The Palaeozoic history of basement involved in Alpine continental subduction is investigated in the northern Dora‐Maira Massif where a kilometre‐scale domain of low strain preserves a pre‐Alpine amphibolite‐facies foliation in garnet‐biotite orthogneiss and garnet‐staurolite micaschist. By contrast, a first generation garnet is the only pre‐Alpine relict in pervasively reworked domains surrounding the low‐strain domain. Thermodynamic modelling based on garnet isopleths in micaschist constrains the pre‐Alpine pressure–temperature (P–T) evolution from 4 to 5 kbar and ~500°C to 6–7 kbar and ~650°C, which is consistent with Barrovian metamorphism up to the staurolite zone. In this micaschist, monazite included in garnet rims provide an age of 324 ± 6 Ma (95% confidence interval; c.i.). On the basis of textural and chemical data, this is interpreted as recording peak Barrovian metamorphic conditions. Low Th/U metamorphic zircon overgrowths and crystals yield an age of 304 ± 2 Ma (95% confidence interval). On the basis of the trace element concentrations and rare earth element (REE) patterns measured in garnet and metamorphic zircon, the latter is tentatively interpreted as having grown during early exhumation or cooling, involving garnet consumption and fluid infiltration. The reconstructed Variscan Barrovian metamorphism of the northern Dora‐Maira basement is consistent with that documented in the External Crystalline Massifs and in the Austroalpine domain of the Alps. The Palaeozoic basement of the Dora‐Maira Massif likely represents upper crustal material, later involved in Alpine continental subduction under high‐ to ultra‐high‐pressure conditions.