bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor organoids: synergistic applications, current challenges, and future prospects in cancer therapy
Authors: Qu Jingjing , Kalyani Farhin Shaheed , Liu Li , Cheng Tianli , Chen Lijun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPatient‐derived cancer cells (PDCs) and patient‐derived xenografts (PDXs) are often used as tumor models, but have many shortcomings. PDCs not only lack diversity in terms of cell type, spatial organization, and microenvironment but also have adverse effects in stem cell cultures, whereas PDX are expensive with a low transplantation success rate and require a long culture time. In recent years, advances in three‐dimensional (3D) organoid culture technology have led to the development of novel physiological systems that model the tissues of origin more precisely than traditional culture methods. Patient‐derived cancer organoids bridge the conventional gaps in PDC and PDX models and closely reflect the pathophysiological features of natural tumorigenesis and metastasis, and have led to new patient‐specific drug screening techniques, development of individualized treatment regimens, and discovery of prognostic biomarkers and mechanisms of resistance. Synergistic combinations of cancer organoids with other technologies, for example, organ‐on‐a‐chip, 3D bio‐printing, and CRISPR‐Cas9‐mediated homology‐independent organoid transgenesis, and with treatments, such as immunotherapy, have been useful in overcoming their limitations and led to the development of more suitable model systems that recapitulate the complex stroma of cancer, inter‐organ and intra‐organ communications, and potentially multiorgan metastasis. In this review, we discuss various methods for the creation of organ‐specific cancer organoids and summarize organ‐specific advances and applications, synergistic technologies, and treatments as well as current limitations and future prospects for cancer organoids. Further advances will bring this novel 3D organoid culture technique closer to clinical practice in the future.
The Modified Liquid‐Liquid Interface: The Effect of an Interfacial Layer of MoS2 on Ion Transfer
Authors: Al Nasser Hussain A. , Bissett Mark A. , Dryfe Robert A. W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of Prof. Robert A. W. Dryfe at the University of Manchester. The cover picture shows that modifying the liquid|liquid interface with MoS2 nanosheets can lead to an enhancement of the electrochemical cation transfer. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.202100820.
Making sense of multiple distance matrices through common and distinct components
Authors: Solberg Lars Erik , Dahl Tobias , Næs Tormod 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMultiblock analysis attacks the problem of how to combine data from various data sources for purposes such as prediction, classification, clustering, or visual data analysis. A key concept is the distinction between “common” and “distinct” parts, that is, what information repeats itself across the blocks and what is unique to an individual block.The statistical field of multiblock analysis holds many different approaches, which leads to different treatments both of the terms distinct and common themselves and to differences in the numerical results. In this article, we extend the discussion of distinct and common in multiblock analysis to the domain of distance matrices, that is, the situation where data point sets, so‐called configurations, are analyzed via relative distances either because configurations are not available directly or because a distance representation is favorable. Situations typical for chemometrics will be highlighted and illustrated in examples.When analyzing different methods, we have focused on three key aspects. First, during the transition from the distance to configuration domains, one needs to consider how multiple distance matrices are treated. Second, when extracting common and distinct parts, one needs to manage a tradeoff between explaining variance and ensuring similarity between subspaces. Third, there is a design choice to be made as to whether the subspace containing the common parts is “shared” between blocks or if separate subspaces are associated with each individual block. The three aspects help to categorize and explain well‐known methods in the field. A selection of methods was analyzed and subsequently applied to examples.
Supramolecular Self‐Associations of Amphiphilic Dendrons and Their Properties
Authors: Apartsin Evgeny , Caminade Anne‐Marie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis review presents precisely defined amphiphilic dendrons, their self‐association properties, and their different uses. Dendrons, also named dendritic wedges, are composed of a core having two different types of functions, of which one type is used for growing or grafting branched arms, generally multiplied by 2 at each layer by using 1→2 branching motifs. A large diversity of structures has been already synthesized. In practically all cases, their synthesis is based on the synthesis of known dendrimers, such as poly(aryl ether), poly(amidoamine) (in particular PAMAM), poly(amide) (in particular poly(L‐lysine)), 1→3 branching motifs (instead of 1→2), poly(alkyl ether) (poly(glycerol) and poly(ethylene glycol)), poly(ester), and those containing main group elements (poly(carbosilane) and poly(phosphorhydrazone)). In most cases, the hydrophilic functions are on the surface of the dendrons, whereas one or two hydrophobic tails are linked to the core. Depending on the structure of the dendrons, and on the experimental conditions used, the amphiphilic dendrons can self‐associate at the air‐water interface, or form micelles (eventually tubular, but most generally spherical), or form vesicles. These associated dendrons are suitable for the encapsulation of low‐molecular or macromolecular bioactive entities to be delivered in cells. This review is organized depending on the nature of the internal structure of the amphiphilic dendrons (aryl ether, amidoamine, amide, quaternary carbon atom, alkyl ether, ester, main group element). The properties issued from their self‐associations are described all along the review.
Acenaphtho[1,2‐d][1,2,3]triazole and Its Kuratowski Complex: A π‐Extended Tecton for Supramolecular and Coordinative Self‐Assembly
Authors: Knippen Katharina , Matuszczyk Daniel , Kraft Maryana , Bredenkötter Björn , Eickerling Georg , Lis Tadeusz , Volkmer Dirk , Stępień Marcin 
Published: October 2021

Abstractπ‐Extended acenaphtho[1,2‐d][1,2,3]triazoles, the unsubstituted Anta‐H and its di‐tert‐butyl derivative Dibanta‐H, as well as 5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐1H‐naphtho[2,3‐d][1,2,3]triazole Cybta‐H were obtained in concise syntheses. In the solid state, Dibanta‐H forms an unprecedented hydrogen‐bonded cyclic tetrad, stabilized by dispersion interactions of the bulky tBu substituents, whereas a cyclic triad was found in the crystal structure of Anta‐H. These cyclic assemblies form infinite slipped stacks in the crystals. Evidence for analogous hydrogen‐bonded self‐assembly in solution was provided by low‐temperature NMR spectroscopy and computational analyses. Kuratowski‐type pentanuclear complexes [Zn5Cl4(Dibanta)6] and [Zn5Cl4(Cybta)6] were prepared from the respective triazoles. In the Dibanta complexes, the π‐aromatic surfaces of the ligands extend from the edges of the tetrahedral Zn5 core, yielding an enlarged structure with significant internal molecular free volume and red‐shifted fluorescence.
Rhoda‐Electrocatalyzed C−H Methylation and Paired Electrocatalyzed C−H Ethylation and Propylation
Authors: Kuciński Krzysztof , Simon Hendrik , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe use of electricity over traditional stoichiometric oxidants is a promising strategy for sustainable molecular assembly. Herein, we describe the rhoda‐electrocatalyzed C−H activation/alkylation of several N‐heteroarenes. This catalytic approach has been successfully applied to several arenes, including biologically relevant purines, diazepam, and amino acids. The versatile C−H alkylation featured water as a co‐solvent and user‐friendly trifluoroborates as alkylating agents. Finally, the rhoda‐electrocatalysis with unsaturated organotrifluoroborates proceeded by paired electrolysis.
Quantifying the lateral heterogeneity of distal submarine lobe deposits, Point Loma Formation, California: Implications for subsurface lateral facies prediction
Authors: Kus Kaci B. , Jobe Zane R. , Laugier Fabien , Walker Wylie , Sullivan Morgan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSubmarine fan deposits are volumetrically the largest sediment accumulations on Earth and host significant hydrocarbon reserves. Extensive research has documented the bed‐scale architecture of high sand‐to‐mud ratio, proximal and axial environments, which can have bed thicknesses of several metres; however, less well‐understood are thin‐bedded turbidites, which are typically lower N:G and deposited in more distal environments. Conceptual models assume that lobe‐fringe‐to‐basin plain environments consist of tabular, sheet‐like beds that extend out continuously and predictably over long distances—up to several kilometres. Extensive lateral continuity, however, is not necessarily reflected in ancient outcrop analogues. This study seeks to apply a quantitative approach to the characterisation of thin‐bedded turbidites to assess the impact of multi‐scale heterogeneity on reservoir predictability. The sea‐cliff outcrop exposures of the Upper Cretaceous Point Loma Formation in San Diego, California, exhibit a wide range of bed thicknesses and stratigraphic architecture, which have been used to interpret an off‐axis‐to‐fringe depositional environment. The study area spans 700 m of laterally continuous outcrop, across which 10 correlated stratigraphic sections are used to quantify changes in metrics such as bed thickness, N:G, lithofacies proportions, etc. Results of this study demonstrate that thin sand beds experience both lateral facies changes and rapid thickness changes more frequently than conceptual models would predict. A single measure of lateral heterogeneity does not reflect the true architecture of sandstone beds, and significant information is lost when beds are correlated over ten to hundreds of metres. Sands are commonly deposited in irregular, ‘finger‐like’, planform geometries, which compounds at the lobe element scale and influences lateral lithofacies predictability. This study of the Point Loma Formation offers high‐resolution bed‐to‐element scale data, which may be used as inputs for reservoir models and horizontal facies predictions in both conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs.
Time series of δ26Mg variability in precipitation of north‐west Germany
Authors: Riechelmann Sylvia , Spötl Christoph , Immenhauser Adrian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study presents δ26Mg values, Mg2+ concentrations, δ18O and δ2H values of monthly collected rain and snow samples between 2014 and 2017 from north‐west Germany. The δ26Mg values of snow are similar to those of rain. Unlike δ18O and δ2H, neither δ26Mgprecipitation values nor Mg2+ concentrations display a relationship with air temperature. In contrast, δ26Mgprecipitation values and Mg2+ concentrations are correlated with precipitation amount. As previously suggested by other studies but now based on a larger data set, it is proposed that the δ26Mg values and Mg2+ concentrations are affected by the mineralogical composition and amount of airborne dust. Consequently, a small number of random precipitation samples cannot represent the complex processes influencing the δ26Mgprecipitation values. δ26Mgprecipitation can be used to differentiate between seawater aerosols, carbonate and silicate dust. Silicate dust is typified by higher Mg concentrations and δ26Mg values compared to carbonate dust. Concerning carbonates, dolostone dust has higher Mg concentrations and δ26Mg values, while limestone dust is Mg‐lean with lower δ26Mg values. Dust of anthropogenic origin in the region can come from active limestone and dolostone quarries, surface mining of siliciclastics, and agriculture on silicate‐rich soils. Although dust of this mineralogy can also be of natural origin, most natural dust consists of airborne silicates transported by wind systems from the Sahara to Europe. Higher δ26Mgprecipitation values would indicate silicate or dolostone dust influx. Lower δ26Mgprecipitation values suggest lower dust concentrations and a predominantly calcitic dust mineralogy. It appears that δ26Mgprecipitation is most probably influenced by changes in weather conditions and natural and anthropogenic dust origin. This study implies that δ26Mgprecipitation is a potential proxy for dust mineralogy and fluxes. Nevertheless, further research should include the determination of atmospheric dust mineralogy and their fractions as well as air mass back trajectory analysis to identify the source(s) of dust.
Preoccupation in bulimia nervosa, binge‐eating disorder, anorexia nervosa, and higher weight
Authors: Lydecker Janet A. , Simpson Lauren , Smith Shannon R. , White Marney A. , Grilo Carlos M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivePreoccupation (excessive and constant thoughts) about shape/weight and food/eating is thought to be prominent in individuals with eating disorders but has received much less research than overt behavioral features. This study examined the significance and distinctiveness of different foci of preoccupation in individuals categorized with different forms of eating disorders and in individuals with higher weight.MethodParticipants (N = 1,363) completed a web‐based survey with established measures of eating‐disorder psychopathology and depression. The current study compared preoccupation among individuals with core features of bulimia nervosa (BN; n = 144), binge‐eating disorder (BED; n = 576), anorexia nervosa (AN; n = 48), and higher body weight (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 25) without eating‐disorder features (higher weight [HW]; n = 595). Associations of each type of preoccupation with other eating‐disorder psychopathology and depression were examined both between and within study groups.ResultsPreoccupation with shape/weight and with food/eating showed a graded pattern of statistically significant differences: AN and BN had higher preoccupation than BED, which was higher than HW. Within BN, BED, and AN study groups, correlation magnitudes of shape/weight and food/eating preoccupation with eating‐disorder psychopathology and depression did not differ significantly. Within the HW group, shape/weight preoccupation was significantly more strongly correlated than food/eating preoccupation with overvaluation, body dissatisfaction, and depression.DiscussionThe preoccupation cognitive style, as well as focus, appears associated with other facets of eating‐disorder psychopathology and depression. If results are confirmed among individuals with formal diagnoses, clinicians addressing maladaptive cognitions in cognitive‐behavioral therapy should consider the role of preoccupation. Future research should investigate whether preoccupation predicts or moderates eating disorder treatment outcomes.
Spatiotemporal variations of Alxa national public welfare forest net primary productivity in northwest China and the response to climate change
Authors: Xi Haiyang , Feng Qi , Cheng Wenju , Si Jianhua , Yu Tengfei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNet primary productivity (NPP) is an important index to evaluate vegetation growth. This study used MODIS remote sensing image data during growing seasons to calculate the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and surface water stress coefficient (Wε) and then utilized Carnegie‐Ames‐Stanford‐Approach (CASA) model to estimate the NPP of Alxa public welfare forest. Furthermore, the impacts of national policy, temperature and precipitation on spatiotemporal variations of NPP were also discussed. The results showed that: (1) Significant changes of NDVI and vegetation NPP of Alxa public welfare forest were found since the beginning of the monitoring in 2010. The NDVI of the forest area increased during 2010–2018 from 0.110 to 0.122. In most areas, NDVI showed a significant or insignificant increasing trend. (2) Obviously spatial differences of the distribution of vegetation NPP in Alxa public welfare forest were detected. The vegetation NPP increased from 50.41 to 58.61 gC·m−2·a−1 during 2010–2018, with an average NPP of 53.95 gC·m−2·a−1. (3) National policy was the dominant factor affecting the increase of vegetation NPP of Alxa public welfare forest. In addition, among the meteorological factors investigated, precipitation was the main factor affecting the spatial variation of NPP. There was a positive correlation between precipitation and NPP in 63% of the regions, whereas the spatial correlation between temperature and NPP was generally weak. This study could provide a macroscopic basis for the monitoring of vegetation growth in Alxa public welfare forest in recent 10 years.
A Pareto optimum approach and a power management strategy for a stand‐alone wind turbine‐PV‐hydrogen with reformer hybrid renewable energy system
Authors: Tezer Tuba , Yaman Ramazan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, a multi‐objective and constrained optimization problem is discussed. The SAHRESOpt (multi‐objective and constrained optimization algorithm for SA‐HRES) which includes size optimization and minimization of the loss of power supply probability was developed based on non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm‐II (NSGA‐II). Additionally, a power management strategy was designed to ensure that the power flow between the system elements minimizes the unmet load and/or the excess energy. In this context, with the aim of obtaining uninterrupted hydrogen energy in the system, a reformer was used transforming methane gas produced by an anaerobic reactor into hydrogen. Thus, a stand‐alone hybrid renewable energy system (SA‐HRES) that does not generate CO2 emissions was designed. Furthermore, within the scope of size optimization, both the types of system elements and the numbers of them were optimized. Then, the positive effects of reformer existence on both of the objective functions, and also the effects of considering the waste energy percentage as a constraint are presented. Also, Pareto solutions of SAHRESOpt and NSGA‐II are compared. Finally, a case study including photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, fuel cells, electrolyzers, hydrogen tanks, and a reformer is presented to prove the effectiveness of the presented algorithm and validate the results.
Structural and Synthetic Insights into Sodium‐Mediated‐Ferration of Fluoroarenes
Authors: Maddock Lewis C. H. , Kennedy Alan R. , Hevia Eva 
Published: October 2021

AbstractExploiting chemical cooperation between Na and Fe(II) within the bimetallic base [dioxane ⋅ NaFe(HMDS)3] (I), (dioxane=1,4‐dioxane, HMDS=N(SiMe3)2) the selective ferration of fluorobenzene, 1‐fluoronaphthalene, 1,4‐difluorobenzene, 1,2,4‐trifluorobenzene, 1,3,5‐trifluorobenzene, 1‐bromo‐3,5‐difluorobenzene, 3‐fluoroanisole and 3,5‐difluoroanisole has been realized, affording sodium ferrates [dioxane ⋅ Na(HMDS)(2‐F‐C6H4)Fe(HMDS)]∞ (1), [dioxane ⋅ Na(HMDS)(2‐F‐C10H6)Fe(HMDS)]∞ (2), [dioxane ⋅ {Na(HMDS)(2,5‐F2‐C6H3)Fe(HMDS)}2]∞ (3), [dioxane ⋅ {Na(HMDS)(2,3,6‐F3‐C6H2)Fe(HMDS)}2]∞ (4), [(dioxane)1.5 ⋅ Na(HMDS)(2,4,6‐F3‐C6H2)Fe(HMDS)]2 (5), [(dioxane)1.5 ⋅ {Na(HMDS)(4‐Br‐2,6‐F2‐C6H2)Fe(HMDS)2] (6), [{(dioxane)2 ⋅ Na2Fe(HMDS)2(2‐methoxy‐6‐F‐C6H3)}+{Fe(HMDS)3}−]∞ (7) and [dioxane ⋅ {Na(HMDS)(4‐methoxy‐2,6‐F2‐C6H2)Fe(HMDS)}2]∞ (8), respectively. Reactions take place under mild reaction conditions, with excellent control of the selectivity and no competing C−F bond activation is observed. Showcasing complex polymeric arrangements in some cases, the structures of compounds 1–8 have been determined by X‐ray crystallographic studies. In all cases, the Fe(II) centers occupy the position in the relevant fluoroarene that was previously filled by a proton, confirming that these metallations are actually ferration processes whereas the Na atoms prefer to form Na⋅⋅⋅F dative interactions. Compounds 1–8 are thermally stable and do not undergo benzyne formation (through NaF elimination) and their formation contrasts with the inertness of Fe(HMDS)2 which fails to act as a base to metallate fluoroarenes.
Impact of the magnetic dipole on stagnation point flow of ferromagnetic Walters‐B liquid: A passive control approach with Buongiorno's model
Authors: Jayaprakash Manangi Chamaraja , Lalitha Kora Revanna , Sarada Konduru , Ashok Reddy Deshmukh , Arasaiah Arasaiah 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe properties of ferromagnetic fluids make them suitable for a wide range of applications, including loudspeakers, magnetic resonance imaging, computer hard drives, magnetic drug delivery, and magnetic hyperthermia. Owing to all such potential applications, the present research work is established to explain the stagnation point flow, heat, and mass transfer of Walters‐B liquid in the presence of magnetic dipole, Brownian diffusion, and thermophoresis. To control the nanoparticles concentration at the surface, a passive control condition is employed. Using suitable similarity transformations, the governing equations are converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Noticeable behavior of significant parameters on flow fields is studied graphically. The significant outcomes of the present study are that the increased values of viscoelastic parameter decline the velocity but an inverse trend is seen in heat transfer. The increased values of the Brownian motion parameter decline the heat transfer but a contrary trend is seen for augmented values of the thermophoresis parameter. The heat transfer rate is increased for rising values of radiation parameter and Biot number. The upward values of the thermophoresis parameter decline the rate of mass transfer. The escalating values of ferromagnetic interaction and velocity ratio parameters improve the skin friction.
miR‐423‐3p activates FAK signaling pathway to drive EMT process and tumor growth in lung adenocarcinoma through targeting CYBRD1
Authors: Ma Jun , Huang Wuhao , Zhu Chaonan , Sun Xiaoyan , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Lianmin , Qi Qi , Bai Xiaoming , Feng Yun , Wang Changli 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a malignant tumor with a high fatality rate and poor overall survival, while molecular targets diagnosing and alleviating lung cancer remain inadequate.MethodsIn this article, we highlighted the upregulation of microRNA‐423‐3p (miR‐423‐3p) in LUAD, especially in smokers aged over 40, and revealed that the high expression of miR‐423‐3p was significantly associated with smoker, age, and pathologic stage of LUAD patients.ResultsMoreover, overexpressing miR‐423‐3p could facilitate LUAD cell proliferation, invasion, adhesion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, while depleted miR‐423‐3p caused repressive influence upon it. Mechanically, we identified that miR‐423‐3p could activate FAK signaling pathway through binding to the 3'‐UTR of cytochrome B reductase 1 (CYBRD1). Furthermore, we demonstrated that CYBRD1 was lowly expressed in LUAD, and miR‐423‐3p overexpression could rescue the impairment of LUAD cell proliferation, invasion, adhesion, and EMT caused by CYBRD1 depletion. Noticeably, miR‐423‐3p depletion efficiently hindered LUAD tumor growth in vivo.ConclusionCollectively, our findings demonstrated that miR‐423‐3p/CYBRD1 axis could be regarded as a promising biomarker to alleviate the poor LUAD prognosis.