bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human-Centred Design Processes for Appropriate, Equitable, and Accessible Medical Device Design Innovation
Authors: Moseley Ashton Margarete , Campbell Angus Donald 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMedical devices (MDs) must satisfy the functional, emotional, and financial needs of a myriad of end users and stakeholders (‘customers’). To ensure equitable and accessible Medical Device Development (MDD) and innovation, how MDs are designed and by whom is critical. The medical device market is dominated by high-income (HIC) countries, predominantly through an engineering and regulatory lens. The resultant lack of contextually appropriate, accessible MDs, particularly in low-to-middle-income countries (LMICs), suggests the need for a shift towards a more human-centred, design-led (‘creativite’) MDD industry, which promotes local manufacture and innovation in developing contexts. This chapter presents findings from a 2-year research project that explored three human-centred MDD processes (‘tools’). Using a retrospective multiple case study approach, the research investigated, documented, and analysed three MDD processes led by industrial designers from different countries, each concerned with various aspects of equity and accessibility, namely: Pearson Lloyd’s DBO Commode, designed in a HIC for HICs; Design that Matters’ Firefly, a newborn phototherapy device designed in a HIC for LMICs; and Praestet’s Symba, a hospital cot designed in South Africa for HICs and LMICs. By comparing the MDD processes of these cases with existing MDD process literature, and with each other, commonalities and differences were identified. This chapter provides an overview of each case, highlighting specific links to their design process leading to considerations of appropriateness, equity, and accessibility. It will conclude by discussing how human-centred design approaches lead to more innovative MDD outcomes (‘new solutions’) for a range of stakeholders in varied contexts.
Fazit
Authors: Schlachter Sabrina 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungZum Abschluss erfolgt eine Gesamtzusammenfassung der Arbeit. Im Anschluss wird die Forschungsfrage beantwortet. Hierzu kann festgehalten werden, dass Paare medienbezogene Bildungsprozesse im Zusammenhang mit den Interaktionen ihrer Beziehung insofern wahrnehmen, dass sie als Folge von individuell oder gemeinsam reflektierten medienbezogenen Differenzerleben beschrieben werden. Hinsichtlich dieser medienbezogenen Bildungsprozesse wurden zwei Varianten identifiziert, die sich in ihren Voraussetzungen deutlich unterscheiden. Anschließend werden die Beiträge der Arbeit zur Theorieentwicklung und zum Forschungsstand dargelegt, Implikationen für die Praxis abgeleitet und die Grenzen der Arbeit ausgeführt. Zuletzt werden offengebliebene oder neu aufgeworfenen Fragen benannt und ein Ausblick auf zukünftige Forschungen gegeben.
Wissenschaftstheoretischer Bezugsrahmen – Symbolischer Interaktionismus
Authors: Schlachter Sabrina 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungIn der Arbeit wird die wissenschaftstheoretische Perspektive des Symbolischen Interaktionismus eingenommen. Bei diesem geht es darum, dass ,Dinge’ und Handlungen einen Symbolcharakter erhalten, indem Menschen ihnen in Interaktionen Bedeutungen geben. Dieser Symbolcharakter wirkt sich wiederum auf Interaktionen aus und bedarf immer der Interpretation (Blumer, 1969). Die Wahl ist darin begründet, dass der Symbolische Interaktionismus dabei hilft, im Forschungsprozess den Fokus der Fragestellung beizubehalten und die Konzepte Medialität und Paaridentität zu berücksichtigen. Zudem ist das Gegenstandsverständnis dieser Arbeit anschlussfähig an den Symbolischen Interaktionismus, weil die wissenschaftstheoretische Perspektive, der Fokus der Forschungsfrage, die Bildungstheorie, das Medienverständnis und der theoretische Bezugsrahmen zu Paarbeziehungen sich gut ineinanderfügen. Ergänzend zeigt sich, dass mithilfe der Grounded Theory Methodologie den Ansprüchen des Symbolischen Interaktionismus hinsichtlich des methodischen Fokus gerecht werden kann.
Vocational Pathways to the Empowerment of Socially Vulnerable Youth in Norway and the Baltics: A Comparative View
Authors: Tūtlys Vidmantas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis chapter provides a comparative analysis of the researched pathways to empowerment of socially vulnerable youth in the VET systems and institutions of Norway and the Baltic countries by looking into the institutional-political dimension (implications of the VET policies, reforms and change of skill formation institutions), the processes (implications of the processes of VET and skill formation), and the learner dimension (the agency of learners at risk). It also provides tentative insights into the potential of policy learning between the analysed countries and beyond this group.
Enhanced Growth of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Through Amino Acids and Seaweed Extracts for the Use in Organic Agriculture
Authors: García-Cano Cristina , Ferrández-Gómez Borja , Jordá Juana D. , Pablo Óscar , Cerdán Mar , Sánchez-Sánchez Antonio 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe increasing consumer interest in organic products is driving the rise of the agricultural sector. However, organic farming productivity was lower than conventional due to the reduction of external inputs, synthetic fertilizers, and pesticides. In this context, the use of organic biostimulant emerged as a promising solution. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of three doses (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 mL per plant) of an innovative organic biostimulant based on amino acids and seaweed extract (Lombrico® ARREL), on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under hydroponic conditions in a plant growth chamber. The results demonstrated that the root application of the biostimulant promoted plant growth development. In the shoot, there was an increase in height, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight and leaf area compared to the control. In the root, there was an increase in volume (66.2, 83.2, and 165%), fresh weight (45.0, 61.0 and 97.3%) and dry weight (7.0, 23.0 and 53.7%) as escalating the product dose (low, medium and high, respectively) compared to the control. Furthermore, the root length decreased, triggering a significant modification of the root system architecture. Transcriptome analysis in the root revelated that this biostimulant induced change in the gene expression. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEEG) analysis showed stimulation of the cell division, biosynthesis and remodeling of the cell wall, increasing plant metabolism and hormone signal transduction, as well as activating the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. This study showed the benefit of integrating the biostimulant uses in organic agriculture management to improve plant development, thereby enhancing crop productivity.
Dietary sources of free, added, and total sugars in Swedish adolescents
Authors: Wanselius Julia , Lindroos Anna Karin , Moraeus Lotta , Patterson Emma , Berg Christina , Larsson Christel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Swedish adolescents’ free and added sugars intake exceeds recommended levels. This poses potential health problems; however, little is known about dietary sources within the Swedish population. This study investigated dietary sources of sugars among Swedish adolescents, as well as timing and location of free sugars intake.

Methods
A nationally representative sample of 3099 adolescents in school years 5, 8 and 11 (ages around 12, 15 and 18) was derived from the Riksmaten Adolescents 2016-17 cross-sectional survey. Dietary intake was self-reported over two non-consecutive days of retrospective registration. Various food categories’ contribution to sugars intake were evaluated in relative and absolute terms. To analyse differences between subsamples in consumption, non-parametric tests and logistic regression analyses were performed.

Results
Sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) were the biggest source of free (30%) and added sugars (34%) within the population, contributing with 4.4% of total energy intake among consumers. SSBs were particularly consumed by boys, adolescents to parents with lower education levels, and those residing in smaller cities/rural areas. Other food categories contributing substantially to free sugars intake were sweets and chocolates (20%), sweet bakery products and desserts (11%), fruit juices (11%), and sweetened dairy products (9%). Intakes of free sugars were higher during weekends, mostly consumed outside of main meals, predominantly within the home environment.

Conclusion
The majority of free and added sugars consumed by Swedish adolescents comes from nutrient-poor food sources. SSB intake is highly associated with free and added sugars intake and is the primary source of sugars in the adolescent diet.
Treatment pattern and clinical outcomes of remdesivir in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with severe chronic kidney disease: a database analysis of acute care hospitals in Japan
Authors: Yoshida Manami , Taguchi Nao , Piao Yi , Gupta Rikisha , Berry Mark , Peters Jami , Abdelghany Mazin , Chiang Mel , Wang Chen-Yu , Yotsuyanagi Hiroshi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
There is limited evidence on clinical outcomes and treatment pattern in Japanese patients with severe chronic kidney disease (CKD), hospitalized for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to describe patient characteristics, treatment pattern, and clinical outcomes in Japanese patients with severe CKD, hospitalized for COVID-19 who received remdesivir (RDV).

Methods
We used the anonymized claims database from Medical Data Vision Co., Ltd., Japan. The analysis included patients aged ≥ 18 years with severe CKD, hospitalized for moderate to severe COVID-19, and administered ≥ 1 dose of RDV between October 2021 and September 2023. All-cause inpatient mortality, disease progression, and recovery up to 56 days from hospitalization were evaluated.

Results
Data of 847 patients were analyzed (mean age 73.0 ± 14.1 years). Median (Q1–Q3) time to RDV initiation was 1.0 day (1.0–2.0) from hospitalization and treatment duration was 5.0 days (3.0–5.0). At RDV initiation, 44.27% patients required non-invasive positive pressure ventilation/high or low flow oxygen; 4.25% required invasive mechanical ventilation/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation/intensive care unit hospitalization. Proportion of patients with all-cause mortality was 11.45% (stage 4, 14.89%; stage 5, 10.47%) by 28 days and 12.28% (stage 4, 16.49%; stage 5, 11.08%) by 56 days. At 28 days, 12.28% had disease progression and 72.14% recovered.

Conclusion
Most patients with severe CKD received RDV immediately after hospitalization. The majority of patients recovered by 28 days. The study provided insights into RDV treatment in inpatient settings, which could contribute to the discussion on standard of care in this population in Japan.
Volumetric Properties and Viscosity of PIBs and PIB-Based Dispersants in a Mineral Oil
Authors: Avery Katrina , Devlin Mark T. , Kiran Erdogan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this study we report on the influence of poly(isobutylene) (PIB) and PIB-based dispersants on the high pressure thermodynamic properties and the viscosity of a mineral base oil used in passenger vehicle transmission fluids. Density was measured over a pressure range from 10 to 35 MPa at isotherms of 298, 323, 348, 373, and 398 K using a high pressure variable-volume view cell. The density data were then correlated with the Sanchez-Lacombe Equation of State from which the thermodynamic properties of isothermal compressibility, isobaric expansively and internal pressure were derived. Viscosity was measured over a pressure range from 10 to 45 MPa at 298, 323, 248, and 373 K using a uniquely designed high pressure rotational viscometer. Viscosity data were then correlated with density according to the free volume and density-scaling formalisms to provide further insights into molecular packing and interactions.
Art and design teachers’ personal rules of thumb while designing instruction for studios
Authors: van Gameren Marjanne J. , van Diggelen Migchiel R. , Evers Arnoud T. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn higher vocational education, innovations are shifting from teacher-oriented to student-oriented education and hybrid learning environments. Designing these innovative environments is complex. This study aimed to gain insight into art and design teachers’ rules of thumb when designing instruction in studios. The rules of thumb from experienced designers of design education provide insight into the practical knowledge essential for creating effective studio learning environments. These rules of thumb, derived from teachers' practical knowledge, outline teachers’ ideas about characteristics design education should have to achieve specific student learning outcomes. Six teachers participated in this case study, to investigate this phenomenon in a real-world context. During interviews, they designed a studio for their teaching practice while thinking aloud, expressing their thoughts, actions, and reasoning. These teachers had at least four years of experience in designing art and design studios and were still active in their roles. Within and cross-case analysis revealed that learning theories are recognizable in teachers’ rules of thumb when designing studio instruction. Teachers and their rules of thumb span a spectrum from cognitivism to social constructivism, with most teachers oriented towards social constructivism. This aligns with strategic design considerations at studios, which are also based on social constructivism. Typical social-constructivist rules of thumb focus on student ownership of their learning process and fostering collaboration between various actors in an authentic context. The rules of thumb from experienced designers are incorporated into the training of current and future studio designers and may inspire those who create similar innovative learning environments.
Evaluating of BERT-based and Large Language Mod for Suicide Detection, Prevention, and Risk Assessment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Levkovich Inbar , Omar Mahmud 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Suicide constitutes a public health issue of major concern. Ongoing progress in the field of artificial intelligence, particularly in the domain of large language models, has played a significant role in the detection, risk assessment, and prevention of suicide. The purpose of this review was to explore the use of LLM tools in various aspects of suicide prevention. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, APA PsycNet, Cochrane Library, and IEEE Xplore—for studies published were systematically searched for articles published between January 1, 2018, until April 2024. The 29 reviewed studies utilized LLMs such as GPT, Llama, and BERT. We categorized the studies into three main tasks: detecting suicidal ideation or behaviors, assessing the risk of suicidal ideation, and preventing suicide by predicting attempts. Most of the studies demonstrated that these models are highly efficient, often outperforming mental health professionals in early detection and prediction capabilities. Large language models demonstrate significant potential for identifying and detecting suicidal behaviors and for saving lives. Nevertheless, ethical problems still need to be examined and cooperation with skilled professionals is essential.
Red ginseng prevents niraparib-induced myelosuppression in C57BL/6 mice via inhibiting p53-mediated upregulation of p21 and p27
Authors: Liao Huiyan , Hu Xiangdan , Chen Shenming , Fan Zhaofeng , Xiao Jing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMyelosuppression is a serious and common complication of targeted therapy for cancer patients, and there are few studies exploring the efficacy of natural drugs in this condition. Niraparib is a widely used targeted therapy for the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer. As a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, niraparib significantly improves progression-free and overall survival in patients. We aimed to explore the potential effect of red ginseng (RG) on niraparib-induced myelosuppression and to further reveal its possible molecular mechanism. Female C57BL/6 mice were divided into control, tumor, model, and RG groups (n = 6). After receiving ID8 ovarian cancer cell inoculation, the mice received niraparib treatment (80 mg/kg) for 3 days. Meanwhile, RG groups (100 and 200 mg/kg) were intragastrically treated with RG extract for 7 days. Compared with the model group, RG extract increased the counts of peripheral blood cells and enhanced the hematopoietic function of bone marrow. Furthermore, RG extract increased the colony yield of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), facilitated DNA damage repair, alleviated the G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest, and significantly reversed the increased expression levels of p53, p21, and p27, while stimulating cyclinE1 expression levels. These findings indicate that RG might have therapeutic potential on niraparib-induced myelosuppression, which encourages further clinical trials. This study is the first to explore the efficacy and mechanism of RG in preventing myelosuppression induced by niraparib.
Graphical abstract
The role of tumor types in immune-related adverse events
Authors: Xu Qian , Hu Jing , Wang Yan , Wang Zhaohui 
Published: December 2024

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are monoclonal antibodies that block inhibitors of T cell activation and function. With the widespread use of ICIs in cancer therapy, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) have gradually emerged as urgent clinical issues. Tumors not only exhibit high heterogeneity, and their response to ICIs varies, with “hot” tumors showing better anti-tumor effects but also a higher susceptibility to irAEs. The manifestation of irAEs displays a tumor-heterogeneous pattern, correlating with the tumor type in terms of the affected organs, incidence, median onset time, and severity. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the pathogenic patterns of irAEs can provide novel insights into the prevention and management of irAEs, guide the development of biomarkers, and contribute to a deeper understanding of the toxicological characteristics of ICIs. In this review, we explore the impact of tumor type on the therapeutic efficacy of ICIs and further elucidate how these tumor types influence the occurrence of irAEs. Finally, we assess key candidate biomarkers and their relevance to proposed irAE mechanisms. This paper also outlines management strategies for patients with various types of tumors, based on their disease patterns.
Detection of Porcine Norovirus GII.18 Strains in Pigs Using Broadly Reactive RT-qPCR Assay for Genogroup II Noroviruses
Authors: Gupta Ankita K. , Heinonen Mari , König Emilia , Mikkonen Venla , Maunula Leena 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNoroviruses, belonging to the family Caliciviridae, are classified into at least ten genogroups (G) based on their major capsid protein (VP1). The common genogroup to be identified in both humans and pigs is GII, although porcine noroviruses (PoNoVs) belong to genotypes of their own (GII.11, GII.18, and GII.19). So far, PoNoVs have not been studied much in Finland, possibly due to their rather symptomless nature in pigs. In the present study, we enrolled a total of 189 fecal samples collected from pigs from Finnish farms. Samples were taken from 12 farms in 2010, 2019 and 2020. We analyzed feces from growing pigs ranging from 2.1 to 6 months of age. RNA was extracted from fecal suspensions using a commercial viral RNA extraction kit, followed by RT (reverse transcription)-qPCR. The genotypes were determined by Sanger sequencing of the PCR fragments amplified by conventional PCR. Of the 12 farms, 6 (50%) had at least one PoNoV-infected pig. Altogether 18 (9.5%) of the 189 pigs tested positive for PoNoVs. Pigs mostly aged over 4 months were infected with PoNoVs. Eventually, 12 positive samples were determined as genotype GII.18. We could demonstrate the presence of PoNoVs in Finnish pigs. In future, more studies in which longer sequences from PoNoV genome can be obtained, are required.
Implantation of Islets Co-Seeded with Tregs in a Novel Biomaterial Reverses Diabetes in the NOD Mouse Model
Authors: Elizondo Diana M. , de Oliveira Rekowsky Lais L. , de Sa Resende Ayane , Seenarine Jonathan , da Silva Ricardo Luis Louzada , Ali Jamel , Yang Dazhi , de Moura Tatiana , Lipscomb Michael W. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background:
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results in autoreactive T cells chronically destroying pancreatic islets. This often results in irreplaceable loss of insulin-producing beta cells. To reverse course, a combinatorial strategy of employing glucose-responsive insulin restoration coupled with inhibiting autoreactive immune responses is required.

Methods:
Non-obese diabetic mice received a single intraperitoneal implantation of a novel biomaterial co-seeded with insulin-producing islets and T regulatory cells (Tregs). Controls included biomaterial seeded solely with islets, or biomaterial only groups. Mice were interrogated for changes in inflammation and diabetes progression via blood glucose monitoring, multiplex serum cytokine profiling, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry assessments.

Results:
Islet and Tregs co-seeded biomaterial recipients had increased longevity, insulin secretion, and normoglycemia through 180 days post-implantation compared to controls. Serum profile revealed reduced TNFα, IFNγ, IL-1β and increased IL-10, insulin, C-Peptide, PP and PPY in recipients receiving co-seeded biomaterial. Evaluation of the resected co-seeded biomaterial revealed reduced infiltrating autoreactive CD8 + and CD4 + T cells concomitant with sustained presence of Foxp3 + Tregs; further analysis revealed that the few infiltrated resident effector CD4+ or CD8+ T cells were anergic, as measured by low levels of IFNγ and Granzyme-B upon stimulation when compared to controls. Interestingly, studies also revealed increased Tregs in the pancreas. However, there was no restoration of the pancreas beta cell compartment, suggesting normoglycemia and production of insulin levels were largely supported by the implanted co-seeded biomaterial.

Conclusion:
These studies show the efficacy of a combinatorial approach seeding Tregs with pancreatic islets in a novel self-assembling organoid for reversing T1D.
Resistance spot welding of die-cast and wrought aluminum alloys: Improving weld spot quality through parameter optimization
Authors: Epperlein M. , Schiebahn A. , Reisgen U. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Welding aluminum castings is known for a high sensitivity for hydrogen-induced weld porosity. Research has shown that the porosity detected in mixed material resistance spot welds between die-cast and wrought aluminum is predominantly classified as solidification porosity. But, nugget penetration depths into the wrought aluminum alloy are low. In this work, the effect of a forging electrode force during welding current time t

i
or after the welding current is shut off on weld spot characteristics is investigated, when resistance spot welding (RSW) mixed material joints between EN AC-43500-T6/T7 and EN AW-6082-T6. A current cut-off test based on a welding profile according to VDA 238–401 reveals a welding current time t

i
between 60 ms ≤ t

i
≤ 80 ms as relevant for porosity detection in cross-section analysis. Based on this, different welding profiles are tested, and resulting weld spot characteristics are analyzed when applying chisel tests, cross-section analysis, quasi-static shear tensile tests, and scanning electron microscopy. The application of a forging electrode force reduces weld spot porosity in RSW significantly, while a current downslope leads to an increase. Further, the application of a forging electrode force during welding current time leads to a significant decrease in the standard deviation of s = 1.07 kN to s = 0.08 kN in shear tension force, although the mean shear tension force is increased marginally from 7.07 kN to 7.15 kN. Yet, an increase in weld penetration depth ≥ 20% into EN AW-6082-T6 is only achieved when reducing the initial electrode force to 5 kN and initiating forging electrode force during t

i
.