bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder Risk Prediction Score and Derivation of a New Prediction Score Using a National Bone Marrow Transplant Registry Database
Authors: Lee Chien-Chang , Hsu Tzu-Chun , Kuo Chia-Chih , Liu Michael A. , Abdelfattah Ahmed M. , Chang Chia-Na , Yao Ming , Li Chi-Cheng , Wu Kang-Hsi , Chen Tsung-Chih , Gau Jyh-Pyng , Wang Po-Nan , Liu Yi-Chang , Chiou Lun-Wei , Lee Ming-Yang , Li Sin-Syue , Chao Tsu-Yi , Jou Shiann-Tarng , Chang Hsiu-Hao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
We externally validated Fujimoto's post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) scoring system for risk prediction by using the Taiwan Blood and Marrow Transplant Registry Database (TBMTRD) and aimed to create a superior scoring system using machine learning methods.

Materials and Methods
Consecutive allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients registered in the TBMTRD from 2009 to 2018 were included in this study. The Fujimoto PTLD score was calculated for each patient. The machine learning algorithm, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), was used to construct a new score system, which was validated using the fivefold cross-validation method.

Results
We identified 2,148 allogeneic HCT recipients, of which 57 (2.65%) developed PTLD in the TBMTRD. In this population, the probabilities for PTLD development by Fujimoto score at 5 years for patients in the low-, intermediate-, high-, and very-high–risk groups were 1.15%, 3.06%, 4.09%, and 8.97%, respectively. The score model had acceptable discrimination with a C-statistic of 0.65 and a near-perfect moderate calibration curve (HL test p = .81). Using LASSO regression analysis, a four–risk group model was constructed, and the new model showed better discrimination in the validation cohort when compared with The Fujimoto PTLD score (C-statistic: 0.75 vs. 0.65).

Conclusion
Our study demonstrated a more comprehensive model when compared with Fujimoto's PTLD scoring system, which included additional predictors identified through machine learning that may have enhanced discrimination. The widespread use of this promising tool for risk stratification of patients receiving HCT allows identification of high-risk patients that may benefit from preemptive treatment for PTLD.

Implications for Practice
This study validated the Fujimoto score for the prediction of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) development following hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) in an external, independent, and nationally representative population. This study also developed a more comprehensive model with enhanced discrimination for better risk stratification of patients receiving HCT, potentially changing clinical managements in certain risk groups. Previously unreported risk factors associated with the development of PTLD after HCT were identified using the machine learning algorithm, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, including pre-HCT medical history of mechanical ventilation and the chemotherapy agents used in conditioning regimen.
Effects of a long‐term anoxic warming scenario on microbial community structure and functional potential of permafrost‐affected soil
Authors: Yang Sizhong , Liebner Susanne , Walz Josefine , Knoblauch Christian , Bornemann Till L. V. , Probst Alexander J. , Wagner Dirk , Jetten Mike S. M. , in ‘t Zandt Michiel H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPermafrost (PF)‐affected soils are widespread in the Arctic and store about half the global soil organic carbon. This large carbon pool becomes vulnerable to microbial decomposition through PF warming and deepening of the seasonal thaw layer (active layer [AL]). Here we combined greenhouse gas (GHG) production rate measurements with a metagenome‐based assessment of the microbial taxonomic and metabolic potential before and after 5 years of incubation under anoxic conditions at a constant temperature of 4°C in the AL, PF transition layer, and intact PF. Warming led to a rapid initial release of CO2 and, to a lesser extent, CH4 in all layers. After the initial pulse, especially in CO2 production, GHG production rates declined and conditions became more methanogenic. Functional gene‐based analyses indicated a decrease in carbon‐ and nitrogen‐cycling genes and a community shift to the degradation of less‐labile organic matter. This study reveals low but continuous GHG production in long‐term warming scenarios, which coincides with a decrease in the relative abundance of major metabolic pathway genes and an increase in carbohydrate‐active enzyme classes.
Using an interim analysis based exclusively on an early outcome in a randomized clinical trial with a long‐term clinical endpoint
Authors: Garcia Barrado Leandro , Burzykowski Tomasz , Legrand Catherine , Buyse Marc 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn RCTs with an interest in a long‐term efficacy endpoint, the follow‐up time necessary to observe the endpoint may be substantial. In order to reduce the expected duration of such trials, early‐outcome data may be collected to enrich an interim analysis aimed at stopping the trial early for efficacy. We propose to extend such a design with an additional interim analysis using solely early‐outcome data in order to expedite the evaluation of treatment's efficacy. We evaluate the potential gain in operating characteristics (power, expected trial duration, and expected sample size) when introducing such an early interim analysis, in function of the properties of the early outcome as a surrogate for the long‐term endpoint. In the context of a longitudinal age‐related macular degeneration (ARMD) ophthalmology trial, results show potentially substantial gains in both the expected trial duration and the expected sample size. A prerequisite, though, is that the treatment effect on the early outcome has to be strongly correlated with the treatment effect on the long‐term endpoint, that is, that the early outcome is a validated surrogate for the long‐term endpoint.
Distributionally robust trade‐off design of parity relation based fault detection systems
Authors: Wan Yiming , Ma Yujia , Zhong Maiying 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe fault detection (FD) system design aims at optimizing the trade‐off between false alarm rate (FAR) and fault detection rate (FDR) under stochastic disturbances or uncertainties. A challenging difficulty in practice is the inexact information of stochastic disturbance distribution, that is, the actual distribution deviates from the one used in the design. To address this challenge, a distributionally robust optimization (DRO) approach that accounts for the inexact distribution information is proposed for the parity relation based FD of stochastic discrete‐time linear systems. It introduces moment‐based and entropy‐based ambiguity sets to describe the inexact disturbance distribution. Over such ambiguity sets, the FD system design for a scalar residual maximizes the worst‐case FDR with respect to a reference fault mode, while ensuring a predefined worst‐case FAR. To address the limitation of a scalar residual, the FD test of a vector residual is constructed with respect to a parameterized set of multiple fault modes. The resulting FD tests can be expressed in the same structure as the celebrated generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT), while only the detection threshold is adjusted to compensate for distribution ambiguity. Moreover, the worst‐case FDR in the presence of any given fault is evaluated by solving another DRO problem. Using a continuous stirred tank reactor example with inexact distribution information, it is demonstrated that the proposed designs achieve desirable performance trade‐off and provide effective worst‐case FDR evaluations, while the GLRT fails to ensure the predefined FAR.
Malnutrition Prevention
Authors: Roigk Patrick , Graeb Fabian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA healthy nutritional intake is required to prevent malnutrition. Furthermore, nutrition is associated with improved quality of life in older adults. Simultaneously, many factors influence nutritional intake in later life. Onset and progression of acute or chronic diseases and a reduced dietary intake play a crucial role in developing malnutrition. Malnutrition is associated with poor outcomes such as pressure injury, increased length of hospital stays and increased mortality. The aim of the chapter is to increase the nutritional-based knowledge of the interdisciplinary team to prevent malnutrition in all its forms. Therefore, this chapter offers evidence-based information to support interdisciplinary prevention of malnutrition in older adults across diverse healthcare settings.
Nutrition Support in Older Adults
Authors: Holst Mette , Geirsdóttir Ólöf G. , Bell Jack J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMalnutrition is observed in around one in three hospital inpatients; this harmful ICD10-AM-coded disease is a strong independent predictor of adverse older adult and healthcare outcomes, mortality, and treatment costs globally, particularly in multimorbid, older adults. Despite recognition of malnutrition as a disease, nutrition support prescriptions are often not valued as the medicine to treat it. This chapter is devoted to the common nutrition support prescriptions for treating malnutrition: (1) protein- and energy-dense and/or fortified foods, fluids, and menus (HPHE support); (2) oral nutrition supplements; (3) enteral tube feeding; and (4) parenteral nutrition.
Bone Health, Fragility and Fractures
Authors: Wilson Helen , Calcraft Diana , Neville Cai , Lanham-New Susan , Durrant Louise R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAchieving and maintaining skeletal health throughout the life trajectory is essential for the prevention of bone diseases such as rickets, osteomalacia and osteoporosis. Rickets and osteomalacia are usually a result of calcium and/or vitamin D deficiency, causing softening of bones and bone pain, and both conditions are treatable with calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Osteoporosis is a multifaceted disease mainly affecting older people, and its pathogenesis (and hence treatment) is more complex. Untreated osteoporosis results in fragility fractures causing morbidity and increased mortality.Nutrition is one of many factors that influence bone mass and risk of bone disease. Developing a nutritional sciences approach is a feasible option for improving bone health.The importance of adequate calcium and vitamin D in ensuring skeletal integrity throughout the life course has a sound evidence base. Poor vitamin D status in population groups of all ages is widespread across many countries (including affluent and non-affluent areas). Public health approaches are required to correct this given the fact that vitamin D is not just required for musculoskeletal health but also for other health outcomes.Dietary protein may be beneficial for bone due to its effect of increasing insulin-like growth-factor-1 (IGF-1). Recent meta-analyses show that dietary protein has a beneficial role to play in bone health at all ages.Other nutritional factors and nutrients (such as potassium, magnesium, vitamin K and acid-base balance) are also likely to have an important role in bone health, though the literature is less clear in terms of the association/relationship and more research is required.
Preconditions of Transforming the Educational Process by Applying Inclusive Education Strategies: Theoretical Background
Authors: Galkienė Alvyra , Monkevičienė Ona 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe experience of the development of inclusive education strategies in various countries has been the source of various conceptions and practices, which have gradually evolved into the axis of the education policy of the late twentieth and early twenty-first century. This chapter presents an overlook of insights that are significant for the practical implementation of inclusive education and substantiated by scientific research. As the perception of inclusive education developed from meeting special educational needs in general schools (Florian. Int J Incl Educ 23(7–8): 691–704. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2019.1622801, 2019) to recognising the variety of needs of all students (Meyer et al. Universal design for learning: theory and practice. CAST, 2014), the Universal Design for Learning (UDL) approach was presented to the pedagogical circles. This chapter of the book examines the fundamental aspects of the UDL approach in the context of the development of the inclusive education construct, from emphasising the Zone of Proximal Development (Vygotsky. Thought and language. MIT Press, 1962) to highlighting the processes taking place in the inclusive education ecosystem (European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education. Inclusive school leadership: exploring policies across Europe. (E. Óskarsdóttir, V. Donnelly & M. Turner-Cmuchal, Eds.). Odense, Denmark. https://www.european-agency.org/sites/default/files/sisl_synthesis_report.pdf. Retrieved 16 April 2021, 2019), revealing the variety of perceptions of student uniqueness and education differentiation concepts in implementing inclusive education, and discussing the differences between the specificities of education goals and their implementation in the UDL and traditional approaches. The analysis of scientific research allowed us to distinguish the basic aspects of the UDL approach that are significant for the transformation of the traditional education system into a high-quality one based on the presumptions of success for every student and formed on the grounds of inclusive education.
Good Practice in Inclusive Education: Participatory Reinterpretation of Already Existing Elaborate Classroom Practices Under a UDL Perspective
Authors: Proyer Michelle , Kremsner Gertraud , Biewer Gottfried 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis chapter presents well-established educational practices implemented at a school in Vienna with two decades of experience in school development in the context of inclusion. It elaborates on how these existing teaching practices can be interpreted from a UDL perspective. Furthermore, this chapter aims to underline the importance of engaging with teachers’ perspectives in research efforts regarding the design of learning environments. Findings point to the advantages that the emphasized consideration of localized and societal backgrounds of students could add to the purposeful application of UDL.
Wrapped NS5-branes, consistent truncations and Inönü-Wigner contractions
Authors: Cheung K. C. Matthew , Leung Rahim 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We construct consistent Kaluza-Klein truncations of type IIA supergravity on (i) Σ2 × S3 and (ii) Σ3 × S3, where Σ2 = S2/Γ, ℝ2/Γ, or ℍ2/Γ, and Σ3 = S3/Γ, ℝ3/Γ, or ℍ3/Γ, with Γ a discrete group of symmetries, corresponding to NS5-branes wrapped on Σ2 and Σ3. The resulting theories are a D = 5, $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 gauged supergravity coupled to three vector multiplets with scalar manifold SO(1, 1) × SO(5, 3)/(SO(5) × SO(3)) and gauge group SO(2) × (SO(2) $$ {\ltimes}_{\Sigma_2} $$

⋉

Σ
2

ℝ4) which depends on the curvature of Σ2, and a D = 4, $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 gauged supergravity coupled to one vector multiplet and two hypermultiplets with scalar manifold SU(1, 1)/U(1) × G2(2)/SO(4) and gauge group ℝ+ × ℝ+ for truncations (i) and (ii) respectively. Instead of carrying out the truncations at the 10-dimensional level, we show that they can be obtained directly by performing Inönü-Wigner contractions on the 5 and 4-dimensional gauged supergravity theories that come from consistent truncations of 11-dimensional supergravity associated with M5-branes wrapping Σ2 and Σ3. This suggests the existence of a broader class of lower-dimensional gauged supergravity theories related by group contractions that have a 10 or 11-dimensional origin.
Flavor invariants and renormalization-group equations in the leptonic sector with massive Majorana neutrinos
Authors: Wang Yilin , Yu Bingrong , Zhou Shun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In the present paper, we carry out a systematic study of the flavor invariants and their renormalization-group equations (RGEs) in the leptonic sector with three generations of charged leptons and massive Majorana neutrinos. First, following the approach of the Hilbert series from the invariant theory, we show that there are 34 basic flavor invariants in the generating set, among which 19 invariants are CP-even and the others are CP-odd. Any flavor invariants can be expressed as the polynomials of those 34 basic invariants in the generating set. Second, we explicitly construct all the basic invariants and derive their RGEs, which form a closed system of differential equations as they should. The numerical solutions to the RGEs of the basic flavor invariants have also been found. Furthermore, we demonstrate how to extract physical observables from the basic invariants. Our study is helpful for understanding the algebraic structure of flavor invariants in the leptonic sector, and also provides a novel way to explore leptonic flavor structures.
Analysis of chemical compounds’ content in different varieties of carrots, including qualification and quantification of sugars, organic acids, minerals, and bioactive compounds by UPLC
Authors: Yusuf Emel , Tkacz Karolina , Turkiewicz Igor Piotr , Wojdyło Aneta , Nowicka Paulina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTwelve carrot varieties in different colours and sizes were investigated for chemical properties (dry matter, ash, pectins, titratable acidity, and pH), contents of vitamin C, sugar, organic acids, mineral (sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, and magnesium), and anti-oxidant activities (ABTS, FRAP, and ORAC). Moreover, total polyphenolics and total tetraterpenoids of colourful carrot varieties were presented. According to the study, sucrose was the dominant sugar and isocitric acid was the most common organic acid in carrot samples. In the case of mineral content, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, and iron were identified, while copper was not identified in carrots. Additionally, most of the analyzed carrots were a good source of pectins (average—1.3%), except for mini-orange carrot. Purple-coloured carrot samples demonstrated the highest results for total sugar (11.2 g/100 g fm), total organic acid (2.8 g/100 g fm), total polyphenolic contents (224.4 mg/100 g fm), and anti-oxidant activities (17.1 mmol Trolox equivalents/100 g dm). In turn, the lowest results were observed in normal yellow carrot for total polyphenols (7.3 mg/100 g fm), and anti-oxidant activities (2.5 mmol Trolox equivalents/100 g dm); besides, the lowest total tetraterpenoids were determined in micro-white carrot—0.2 mg/100 g fm.
Direct velocity measurements in high-temperature non-ideal vapor flows
Authors: Gallarini Simone , Cozzi Fabio , Spinelli Andrea , Guardone Alberto 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDirect velocity measurements in a non-ideal expanding flow of a high temperature organic vapor were performed for the first time using the laser Doppler velocimetry technique. To this purpose, a novel seeding system for insemination of high-temperature vapors was specifically conceived, designed, and implemented. Comparisons with indirectly measured velocity, namely inferred from pressure and temperature measurements, are also provided. Nozzle flows of hexamethyldisiloxane (MM, C$$_6$$

6

H$$_{18}$$

18

OSi$$_2$$

2

) at temperature up to $$220\,^\circ \mathrm {C}$$

220

∘

C

and pressure up to 10 bar were taken as representative of non-ideal compressible-fluid flows. The relative high temperature, high pressure and the need of avoiding contamination pose strong constraints on the choice of both seeding system design and tracer particle, which is solid. A liquid suspension of tracer particles in hexamethyldisiloxane is injected through an atomizing nozzle in a high-temperature settling chamber ahead of the test section. The spray droplets evaporate, while the particles are entrained in the flow to be traced. Three different test cases are presented: a subsonic compressible nozzle flow with a large uniform region at Mach number 0.7, a high velocity gradient supersonic flow at Mach number 1.4 and a near-zero velocity gradient flow at Mach number 1.7. Temperature, pressure and direct velocity measurements are performed to characterize the flow. Measured velocity is compared with both computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations and velocity computed from pressure and temperature measurements. In both cases, the thermodynamic model applied was a state-of-the-art Helmoltz energy equation of state. A maximum velocity deviation of 6.6% was found for both CFD simulations and computed velocity.
Graphical abstract
Optical coherence tomography angiography of central serous chorioretinopathy: quantitative evaluation of the vascular pattern and capillary flow density
Authors: Roberta Farci , Arturo Carta , Maurizio Fossarello 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to evaluate the vascular pattern and capillary flow density (CFD) map on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images of patients affected by central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, OCTA (AngioVue RTVue XR Avanti, Optovue) 3 × 3 mm macula scans of both eyes of patients with CSC were taken at baseline; the images were segmented and compared with OCTA scans of fellow eyes without CSC as well as age-matched healthy subjects. OCTA images were processed by quantitative textural analysis (ImageJ software) to provide an objective grading of choroidal capillary alterations. The texture of OCTA images was examined by the autocorrelation method.

Results
In eyes with CSC (40 eyes), we found six different morphological patterns of the choriocapillaris layer vasculature (CCL), likely corresponding to different grades of OCT choroidal hyporeflectivity and OCTA reduction of the decorrelation signal. Moreover, the OCTA capillary flow density map revealed capillary depletion in the superficial capillary plexus (p value = 0.0023), in the deep vascular network (p value =  < 0.0001), and in the CCL (p value = 0.0001). Such findings were not observed in healthy subjects (13 eyes).

Conclusions
OCTA in CSC is a useful tool that allows the identification of the clinical type of CSC by means of specific CCL patterns. Moreover, CFD depletion is observed in association with the inner retinal layers, pointing to an involvement of the inner blood retinal barrier in CSC. According to our results, it is plausible that the patterns observed herein may correlate to the different clinical subtypes of the disease.
Administrative transformation and managerial growth: a longitudinal analysis of changes in the non-academic workforce at Australian universities
Authors: Croucher Gwilym , Woelert Peter 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOne fundamental aspect of organizational transformation in higher education is the change to the profile of universities’ non-academic workforce. Key staffing trends identified in recent studies conducted in a variety of national settings include an increase in the proportion of non-academic staff at universities and a shift toward more highly qualified and remunerated non-academic roles. This paper examines the extent to which these trends have played out at Australian universities over the period 1997 to 2017. Drawing on unpublished sets of staffing data, the analyses show that while the proportion of non-academic positions at Australian universities has remained largely stable, there has been a striking and uniform growth in management-rank positions, concurrent with a substantial decline in lower-level and less expensive support roles. This has some significant implications, in particular the growth in more complex “corporate” structures, the relatively fewer staff to support academic work, and the increase in the relative costs associated with maintaining the non-academic workforce at Australian universities.