bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Repeated Mumps Skin Tests on the Induction of Antibody
Authors: St. Geme Joseph W. , Wankner John J. , Arce Miriam A. , Van Pelt Lloyd F. 
Published: December 2021

Repeated intracutaneous inoculation of inactivated mumps virus skin test antigen failed to induce a primary neutralizing antibody response in five fully susceptible, seronegative rhesus monkeys. Eight equally susceptible pregnant monkeys developed a primary antibody response and delayed hypersensitivity following inoculation with live mumps virus. Six of the eight monkeys also demonstrated an anamnestic rise in antibody following the application of the mumps virus skin test.
One may conclude that the mumps virus skin test reagent contains sufficient antigenic mass to evoke only a secondary immunologic response.
Hypertension Associated with Crossed Renal Ectopia in an Infant
Authors: Mininberg David T. , Roze Stephanie , Yoon H. J. , Pearl Marylin 
Published: December 2021

Hypertension is not found commonly in infants under 1 year of age. Renovascular type of hypertension is extremely rare in this age group. A 3-month-old male infant is presented who developed hypertension secondary to the unilateral anomaly of crossed renal ectopia. This was associated with two other developmental anomalies, imperforate anus Type III-B and rectourethral fistula. The hypertension was treated successfully by surgery.
Case Report
A male infant, the full-term product of a 34-year-old G6P4A1 mother, was born by normal spontaneous delivery, weighing 5 pounds 8½ ounces. Physical examination was entirely normal except for the presence of an imperforate anus which subsequently proved to be Type III-B.
LIPID CONCENTRATION AND COMPOSITION IN HUMAN FETAL TISSUE DURING DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Roux Jacques F. , Takeda Y. , Grigorian A. 
Published: December 2021

The concentration and fatty acid composition of lipids from the sixth to thirty-second week of gestation has been measured in human fetal tissues.
The data found show that the lipid concentration and fatty acid composition does not vary significantly during these stages of development. However, more palmitic acid and less linoleic acid is detected in fetal adipose tissue than in that of the mother and this relationship does not change in the immediate postpartum period. The results suggest that fetal lipid metabolism is well established early in gestation and that the concentration of lipids increases in proportion to the rate of growth of the fetal organs and cell structure.
THE RED CELL PEROXIDE HEMOLYSIS TEST IN THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF OBSTRUCTIVE JAUNDICE IN THE NEWBORN PERIOD
Authors: Lubin Bertram H. , Baehner Robert L. , Schwartz Elias , Shohet Stephen B. , Nathan David G. 
Published: December 2021

The erythrocyte peroxide hemolysis test (PHT) was compared to the I131 rose bengal excretion test (RBE) in the detection of complete biliary obstruction in the newborn period. Twenty-three infants with obstructive jaundice were studied.
In 16 infants with surgically proven biliary atresia both the PHT and RBE were abnormal. During the course of evaluation of the other seven patients, with neonatal hepatitis, the PHT was normal in six and abnormal in one, whereas, RBE was normal in two patients and abnormal in five. The simplicity and reliability of the PHT and the ease with which it can be repeated indicate that it may be more valuable than the RBE in evaluating the cause of obstructive jaundice in infants.
MANAGEMENT OF A CHILD IN A STATE OF FEVER ACCORDING TO DR. G. ACKERLEY OF NEW YORK CITY IN 1836
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Childhood fevers have always alarmed parents but perhaps even more so before the advent of modern medicine or the development of the clinical thermometer. In the 1830's when Dr. Ackerley offered the advice below on the management of a febrile child, most parents, as well as their physicians, considered fever a disease rather than a symptom. Dr. Ackerley wrote:
A child in a state of fever should be kept cool, but not cold. It should lie on a soft mattrass (sic), over which a few folds of a blanket and a sheet may be laid. Feather beds envelope the child too much, and in warm weather prevent the extra heat generated from passing off. The coverings should be light, as great injury is done by too much covering. The child should be frequently examined, and the covering added or removed according to its state at the time. The head of a child should be particularly attended to, and when hot and the seat of disease, should be kept as cool as possible. For this purpose the cap should be removed; and if there be much hair, it should be cut off close, in order that the cool air may come in contact with the skin. The feet and hands should be kept sufficiently warm. If the child be very hot and thirsty, its drink should be pure cold water, or very weak tea: its nourishment gruel or arrow root-milk should be avoided: even its mother's milk is improper in the quantities generally allowed to be taken.
Mercury Poisoning with Central and Peripheral Nervous System Involvement Treated with Penicillamine
Authors: Swaiman Kenneth F. , Flagler David G. 
Published: December 2021

A 14-year-old boy developed acrodynia during the first year of life from topical ammoniated mercury ointment and developed the Guillain-Barré syndrome from chronic mercury vapor poisoning beginning at age eleven.
Treatment of mercury poisoning with penicillamine is efficacious in promoting mercury excretion, and reducing symptoms.
Who Should Certify the Pediatrician?
Authors: Altstatt Leslie B. , Anderson John A , Wright F. Howell 
Published: December 2021

You may be interested in the following comments about examinations for certification by the American Board of Pediatrics. The comments were related to me by a colleague who, after recently (and successfully) completing the oral portion of the board examination, was asked to submit some comments about the examination.
Medical board examinations for the purposes of certification should be discontinued. Certification ought to be the prerogative of the individual(s) conducting the training program, for he is a better judge of the suitability of the candidate than the purveyors of examinations.
Penis Tourniquet Syndrome
Authors: Sahn David J. 
Published: December 2021

We have observed a condition similar to, and equally as serious as that described by Dr. Quinn as the "Toe Tourniquet Syndrome."1 Last year, while practicing as a resident physician in a busy pediatric emergency room, we treated five male infants for a condition which consisted of prolonged crying and tourniquetting of the penis by human hair.
The duration of this condition was shorter than that described by Quinn, probably because the frequency of maternal inspection of this part of the anatomy is higher than that of the toes.
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Hyaline Membrane Disease
Authors: Marchal Claude , Leveau Philippe , Genet Yves 
Published: December 2021

It is possible to employ the isolette incubator-respirator for application of a constant negative pressure (CNP) without the modification described by Vidyasagar.
The solenoid valve is blocked in "up position" by a simple mechanical procedure which is easily reversible. Tank is employed in "incubator position." The motor driven vacuum is then acting continuously and creates CNP.
Several applications of this method envisioned by us have been practiced on 20 infants.
1. It is a useful adjunct at oxygen therapy in hyaline membrane disease (HMD).
Letter to the Editor
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Dr. O'Connor puts himself on the side of the angels by his concern about the distressing confusion caused by the terms rubeola and rubella to both the layman and physician (Pediatrics, 46:978, 1970 and 47:789, 1971). His letter confirms what Sir Francis Bacon had in mind in 1620 when in his Novum Organum he wrote: "The ill and unfit choice of words wonderfully obstructs the understanding."
No one would question Dr. O'Connor's statement that we as pediatricians, "with responsibility for the life and well-being of our patients do not need to follow the herd and should at least adopt and use a terminology that is truly scientific in that confusion would be impossible. . . ."
Corticosteroids in Croup: Reply from Ground Level
Authors: Menachof Louis 
Published: December 2021

The letter by Dr. Coffin demonstrates very clearly unacceptable reasoning. His unequivocal endorsement of the use of steroids in viral croup is equally as irrelevant to the issue as is my own 12 years' experience demonstrating failure of steroids to affect the outcome and excellent results using only supportive measures.
What is relevant is the attempt to establish solid recommendations based on double blind studies, with all modes of therapy, including steroids, antibiotics, and racemic epinephrine being evaluated.
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Brown Robert E. 
Published: December 2021

Doctor Madge and I are familiar with Doctor Eskes' case of Reye's syndrome and we are in complete agreement with his interpretation and handling of the case.
In addition to the case we reported in our letter to the Editor, there have been three other cases in succession of Reye's syndrome successfully treated at the Medical College of Virginia using insulin and glucose.
We hope other physicians will try this therapeutic approach and we will continue to receive feedback so that we can assess its efficacy in the treatment of Reye's syndrome.
CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE FROM INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA IN INFANCY
Authors: Holden Alys Mae , Fyler Donald C. , Shillito John , Nadas Alexander S. 
Published: December 2021

The clinical recognition of an intracranial arteriovenous fistula in a newborn infant depends on finding good peripheral pulses, a hyperdynamic cardiac impulse, cardiomegaly, and a cranial bruit. Dilated scalp veins and visible vascular malformations over the head will point toward the diagnosis.
Cardiac catheterization can be diagnostic through recognition of a wide pulse pressure in combination with high oxygen saturations in the jugular veins and the right heart chambers.
Cerebral angiography provides required anatomic detail. Surgical clipping of the feeding arteries may be helpful and even curative.
A FILTER PAPER SAMPLING METHOD FOR THE URIC ACID:CREATININE RATIO IN URINE
Authors: Mclnnes Roderick , Lamm Peter , Clow Carol L. , Scriver Charles R. 
Published: December 2021

A simple method is described for determining the uric acid: creatinine ratio (UA/C ratio) in urine collected on filter paper. Uric acid and creatinine can be eluted quantitatively from Schleicher and Schuell 903 filter paper in alkaline buffer; the eluate is analyzed for the two compounds simultaneously by an automated method.
The mean UA/C ratio was defined in 820 newborn infants in the postnatal period of life. After the third day, the average is 1.49 ± 0.60 (mean ± 1SD), falling from a high value of 2.25 ± 0.85 on the second day. There is no significant sex difference or diurnal variation at this age and neither gestational age nor birth weight apparently affects the ratio.
The technique can be used to screen population, particularly the neonate after the 3rd day of life, for disorders of purine metabolism. An abnormal ratio (i.e., above 3.29 or &gt; 3SD above the mean) would indicate such a disorder. Transient high UA/C ratios can be anticipated in at least 0.5% of samples often because of acquired perinatal complications.
USE OF UTILIZATION REVIEW TO ASSESS THE QUALITY OF PEDIATRIC INPATIENT CARE
Authors: Duff Raymond S. , Cook Charles D. , Wanerka Gary R. , Rowe Daniel S. , Dolan Thomas F. 
Published: December 2021

Between 100 and 123 medical records of children hospitalized in each of three community hospitals and one major teaching hospital were examined to determine the need for and the quality of the care administered. Twenty-five percent of all patient days were considered unnecessary; this varied from 7% in the teaching hospital to a mean of 38% in the community hospitals. The cost of unnecessary hospital days and laboratory and x-ray studies for the 428 patients was $37,460, or $88 per patient discharged; the means per patient discharged from the three community hospitals and the teaching hospital were $101 and $54 respectively.
About one-third of all the patients received less than optimal care; this varied from 13% in the teaching hospital to 43% in the community hospitals. Misuse of antibiotics and questionable use of other drugs accounted for 79% of instances of questionable care.
A SURVEY OF HEALTH PROBLEMS, PRACTICES, AND NEEDS OF YOUTH
Authors: Sternlieb Jack J. , Munan Louis 
Published: December 2021

In a study of the health needs of youth, about 1,400 young adults were questioned on their health habits, health status, and the need for a special type of clinic.
Concerning medical care practices, most consult their physician less than once a year and many never do so because they are not sick. A surprising number use the services of pseudo-medical men.
Of the health problems of youth, nervousness and dental troubles are most frequent. Acne is considered an important problem by both sexes as is anxiety over health. Among the problems classed as personal, scholastic problems rate highest with family problems second in frequency and sex and religious problems taking third and fourth rank. The problems of most concern to some segments of our society today, namely drugs and alcoholism, rate lowest as problems personally affecting youth.
Most wanted in a youth clinic are physicians, friends, and parents. The characteristics most sought in a physician are a high degree of understanding, a good personality, and informality. His age, sex, and dress seem to be of minor concern. A youth clinic should provide counsel and information on sex, drugs, venereal diseases, and alcoholism.
RELATIONSHIP OF ELEVATED BLOOD TYROSINE TO THE ULTIMATE INTELLECTUAL PERFORMANCE OF PREMATURE INFANTS
Authors: Menkes John H. , Welcher Doris W. , Levi Helene S. , Dallas Joseph , Gretsky Neil E. 
Published: December 2021

Blood tyrosine concentrations were followed from birth to nursery discharge in 71 premature infants fed a high protein formula supplemented by 60 mg/day of ascorbic acid. In 89% of infants blood tyrosine concentrations were abnormal, and in 38% of infants the maximum level observed was 15.0 mg/100 ml or higher. Maximum blood tyrosine levels correlated significantly with gestational age (p = &lt; 0.05) but not with birth weight.
In a follow-up study performed at 15 months of age, infants with high tyrosine levels had no increase in the incidence of neurological abnormalities. Between 7 and 8 years of age a second follow-up study was performed on 62 children. This included a WISC, a Wide-Range Achievement Test (WRAT), and tests for psychomotor and language maturity. Two children had died in the interval, and five of the 62 were retarded for full testing.
The full scale WISC I.Q. of all children correlated with birth weight at the 10% confidence level (p = &lt; 0.1). The mean WISC I.Q. of high and low tyrosine subjects was 82.9 and 81.6 respectively. When infants were grouped by birth weight, a significant difference was detected in subjects weighing 2,000 gm or more.
High tyrosine infants had a significantly lower performance I.Q. than low tyrosine infants (82.4 and 97.8 respectively; p = &lt; 0.02). Significant differences were recorded in the scores on Object Assembly, Picture Assembly, and Picture Completion of the WISC. Significant differences were also seen on the Spelling subtest of the WRAT (p = &lt; 0.02).
We observed no adverse effect of high tyrosine levels on the intellectual performance of smaller premature infants, who on the whole have a greater risk for other complications of prematurity.
MEASUREMENT IN MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY IN CHILDREN FOR OPEN HEART SURGERY
Authors: Barnes Corinne M. , Kenny Frederic M. , Call Thomas , Reinhart John B. 
Published: December 2021

A study of neuro-endocrine and behavioral response to psychological stress of 11 children having heart surgery was initiated. An attempt was made to learn if more overtly anxious children would respond differently during hospitalization and surgery than those who appeared to have better emotional control.
All children in this study survived the surgery. It is suggested that prognosis is greatly related to the coping capacity of a child and his family to stress; that prognoses can be predicted if adequate assessments can be made; and that as more precise methods for evaluation of the neuro-endocrine response become available it will be useful to employ them to explore the complicated relationship between the central nervous system and the endocrine organs in relation to children under stress.
Assessment of anxiety in affect and function was made by a child psychiatrist and a pediatric nurse specialist during the hospitalization and at outpatient follow-up. Twenty-four-hour urine collections were made after suture removal and pre- and post-discharge and analyzed for 17-hydroxycorticosteroids by a modification of the method of Porter and Silber.
In terms of emotional stimulation of the adrenocortical axis, the days before surgery and of return from intensive care were the most stressful of the days studied. The mean value on the day before surgery was significantly greater than that on the day before discharge. Values for the day before and after suture removal were also elevated in comparison with the day before discharge. Hospitalization was seen as stressful in terms of the parameter studied with the mean of all inpatient values including the day of discharge being approximately double that obtained by pooling all outpatient determinations.
Surprising to the researchers was the fact that no difference was found between values for overtly excessively anxious children versus their less anxious counterparts on specific days, or when pooled in-hospital values were contrasted. The degree of elevation of 17-OHCS was related to the situation. No correlation between our estimate of anxiety and 17-OHCS levels was found.
Pediatric Conferences with Sydney Gellis, Tape #1, Audio Cassette Tape (C-60, 2 track), issued 6 times per year, directed by Sydney Gellis, M.D. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company, 1971, $47.50. (Sold by subscription only.)
Authors: Cone Thomas E. 
Published: December 2021

This is the first review in our Book Reviews section of a standard C-60, 2 track 1-hour tape cassette. This cassette, containing six pediatric conferences, directed by Sydney Gellis, the first of a bimonthly series, emanates from one of the most respected publishers of medical books in the United States.
Many of our readers, including myself, will wonder if Dr. Gellis' prescience long ago convinced him that Marshall McLuhan is really proclaiming the death of print as a medium of instruction.
THE PREVENTION OF INJURIES TO CHILDREN IN AUTOMOBILES
Authors: Pless Ivan B. , Roghmann Klaus , Algranati Paula 
Published: December 2021

A telephone survey of 162 randomly selected parents revealed that less than one-fifth locked doors, seated children in the rear, and used restraints when last traveling with their children in automobiles.
Eleven percent of the parents stated that they took none of these precautions. In general, greater but statistically insignificant safety behavior was associated with highway travel, fewer child passengers, and the absence of other adults.
A series of 200 roadside observations confirm these reports. In only 11% of the cars observed were all children seated in the rear and restrained. In 22% none of these precautions were noted. Again, slight, but nonsignificant differences are noted in association with the number of children and the site of journey.
Postal questionnaires were returned by 61 of the 67 American Academy of Pediatrics pediatricians in the county. Three percent of the respondents indicated that they always advised parents about auto safety precautions. A further 55% stated that they did so sometimes or often. The frequency of the pediatric advising was unrelated to parent safety behavior. The need for a more aggressive approach by pediatricians in this area is discussed in the light of the increased risks associated with failure to observe safety precautions.
Immunosuppressive Drugs in Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Spitzer Adrian 
Published: December 2021

Big numbers are always impressive, and the reader of medical journals is biased to remember those articles which refer to large samples. The purpose of this letter is to counteract this tendency and, hopefully, to demonstrate that big numbers, like small numbers, may be misleading if generated and interpreted in an indiscriminate fashion.
It is common knowledge that a clinical trial should ask specific questions, and should be based on simultaneous, properly controlled observations, made on a well-defined, homogeneous population.
Functional Hyposplenia in Congenital Heart Disease: Comments
Authors: Freedom Robert M. 
Published: December 2021

I read with interest the communication of Pearson, et al.1 on functional hyposplenia in cyanotic congenital heart disease. Their point is well-taken that manifestations of splenic hypo-function in a patient with congenital heart disease is not a sine qua non of the asplenia syndrome. But several other points should be made.
Functional hyposplenia as manifested by the presence of Howell-Jolly and Heinz bodies is the rule rather than the exception in the normal human newborn and should not be construed to be related causally to cyanotic congenital heart disease.
Leprosy in Five Young Men, by George J. Hill, M.D. Boulder, Colorado: Associated University Press, 1971, 204 pp., $8.00
Authors: von Lichtenberg Franz C. 
Published: December 2021

Despite the vast literature on leprosy there is still no single text available which gives sufficient guidance to the average pediatrician or internist to manage a patient with this disease without the help of an expert "leprologist." This volume narrows the communications gap and embraces Hansen's disease back into internal medicine; it is not a reference text, nor does it deal exhaustively with the pathogenesis or immunology of leprosy.
The author gives us a meticulous, yet somewhat repetitious account of five young Mexican lepers who were studied and treated at the National Institutes of Health (N.I.H.) in Bethesda, Maryland for periods of over several months each, thus permitting an exceptionally accurate evaluation and follow-up.
NEWBORN TEMPERATURE AND CALCULATED HEAT LOSS IN THE DELIVERY ROOM
Authors: Dahm Lida Swafford , James L. Stanley 
Published: December 2021

Newborn infants lose heat rapidly at birth and during the first half hour of life. This investigation was undertaken to determine whether the initial heat loss was due principally to evaporation, and whether or not establishment of breathing would be irregular or delayed if the initial cold stress was reduced.
Five groups, each of 10 infants, were studied during the first half hour of life. Infants in Groups I and IV remained wet and were exposed to either room air or placed under a radiant heater. Those in Groups II, III, and V were dried promptly and exposed to room air, wrapped in a blanket or warmed by means of a radiant heater. Heat loss due to radiation and convection together was twice that from evaporation. Reduction of cold stress by placing the infant under a radiant heater as soon as he is born does not impede or delay the onset of breathing. Wet infants exposed to room air lost nearly five times more heat than those who were dried and warmed.
In vigorous infants, the simple maneuver of drying and wrapping in a warm blanket is almost as effective in diminishing heat loss as placing them under a radiant heater. However, in depressed or immature infants who may be more asphyxiated or have reduced energy stores, radiant heat maintains body temperature while allowing access to the patient.