bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trade‐offs and synergies in managing coastal flood risk: A case study for New York City
Authors: Ceres Robert L. , Forest Chris E. , Keller Klaus 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDecisions on how to manage future flood risks are frequently informed by both sophisticated and computationally expensive models. This complexity often limits the representation of uncertainties and the consideration of strategies. Here we use an intermediate complexity model framework that enables us to analyze a richer set of strategies, a wider range of objectives, and greater levels of uncertainty than are typically considered by more sophisticated and computationally expensive models. We find that allowing for more combinations of risk mitigation strategies can help expand the solution set, help explain synergies and trade‐offs, and point to strategies that can improve outcomes.
Real‐life experience of a lidocaine/tetracaine self‐occluding topical anesthetic for dermatological procedures
Authors: Jimenez‐Cauhe Juan , Boixeda Pablo , Cornejo Paloma , Fernandez Sergio , Vitale Maria , Serra Carlos 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundPliaglis® is a self‐occluding topical anesthetic containing a eutectic mixture of 7% lidocaine and 7% tetracaine, with proven efficacy and safety in several trials.AimsTo evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Pliaglis® for different dermatological procedures in real‐life clinical practice.MethodsThis retrospective, multicenter study included 35 patients treated with Pliaglis® prior to five dermatological procedures (pulsed dyed laser, picosecond laser, non‐ablative fractional laser, radiofrequency microneedling, and photodynamic therapy). The primary endpoint was to assess the pain during the procedure with a visual analogue score (VAS) from 0 (no pain) to 10 (most severe pain). Secondary endpoints were the global effectiveness and tolerability (from 0 = very low to 10 = excellent), and the adverse events (AEs) after Pliaglis® removal, classified according to intensity (1–3).ResultsThe median and mean pain VAS reported by patients was 2 (range 0–9) and 2.9 (±2.3), respectively. More than 65% of the patients had a VAS score ≤3. The effectiveness reported by investigators was “very good” (median 8 [range 2–10], mean 7.5 [±1.9]), which was strongly correlated with the pain VAS reported by patients (Spearman coefficient = ‐ 0.9; p < 0.001). Forty‐five percent of patients reported AEs and they were transient and mostly mild, with a mean intensity score of 1.5 (range 1–3). Tolerability of Pliaglis® was reported by investigators as “excellent” (median 10 [range 1–10], mean 9 [±1.8]).ConclusionsPliaglis® is an effective topical anesthetic for several dermatological procedures, with an excellent safety and tolerability profile.
What do we know about informational efficiency? Three puzzles and the new direction forward
Authors: Go You‐How , Lau Wee‐Yeap 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInformational efficiency generally indicates the prevailing market price of assets by focusing on the connection between market participants in reacting to the arrival of new information. However, several authors have suggested that uncorrelated trading strategies across markets are meant for traders who genuinely know the best. Our study aims to survey the most recent literature on informational efficiency. We examine the empirical literature on informational efficiency by discussing the findings from dual perspectives, namely price–volume and spot–futures relations. More research needs to be directed toward understanding how market efficiency responds to impending uncertainties in the real economy. By combining the findings of 109 studies from different financial markets, we discuss essential lessons from market microstructures and behavioral biases in decision‐making. Further, we identify three contentious issues yet to be explored in the literature. This study concludes by discussing a new direction for future research.
On the labor market effects of salience of ethnic/racial disputes
Authors: Aköz K. Kıvanç , Arın K. Peren , Zenker Christina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn increase in the salience of ethnic/racial (E/R) disputes often signifies a shift in the E/R status quo of a society. We present a labor market model where matching frictions are higher for the E/R minority due to labor market discrimination and the unemployment insurance benefits are determined via competitive elections. We hypothesize that a reduction in labor market discrimination, possibly because of its salience, shifts the unemployment from the minority to the majority, leading to a drop in the unemployment rate among the black minority, and consequently the unemployment insurance they receive. Nevertheless, the total unemployment insurance benefit may increase because the median voter, who is a member of the majority, prefers a higher level of unemployment insurance. To empirically test our hypothesis, we constructed a novel, news‐based, and time‐varying measure of E/R discrimination salience for the US and show that unemployment insurance benefits to the black minority decreases in response to an increase in our measure.
Cross‐sectional and prospective associations between self‐reported sleep characteristics and cognitive function in men and women: The Midlife in the United States study
Authors: Schneider Aaron C. , Moon Chooza , Whitaker Kara M. , Zhang Dong , Carr Lucas J. , Bao Wei , Xiao Qian 
Published: November 2021

SummarySleep behaviour is an important contributing factor in healthy human ageing and cognitive function. Previous studies have linked sleep deficiency with cognitive decline in older adults. However, there is need for more prospective investigations that focus on specific domains of cognitive function. The present study analysed cross‐sectional and prospective associations between self‐reported sleep and cognitive function in the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study. Weekday and weekend sleep duration and habitual sleep quality were obtained via questionnaire data. Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone was conducted to assess overall cognitive function, as well as episodic memory and executive function. We found significant trend for both long weekday and weekend sleep (>8 hr) and lower episodic memory scores in the overall sample. Sex‐specific cross‐sectional analysis demonstrated men with longer weekend sleep duration have lower overall cognitive function scores, and a negative association between weekend sleep and episodic memory scores. Women demonstrated a positive association between weekend sleep duration and executive function scores. There was no prospective significance for overall or sex‐specific analysis. Our present results suggest that sleep duration may contribute to cognitive function, and future studies should include objective sleep measurements and focus on the potential cognitive benefits of improving sleep to further elucidate this association.
Chihuahua, between conflict and electoral alternation
Authors: López Montiel Ángel Gustavo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOver the last several decades, the political environment in the Mexican state of Chihuahua has radically changed. The factors that have influenced this change include the economic integration and regional markets that have been fostered between Mexico and the United States; an increasing presence of organized crime; and civil society and private corporations that have responded in a way resembling the electoral realignment conditions that seem to have been consolidated with the last election. This article reviews these factors.
Quantifying teaching quality in medical education: The impact of learning gain calculation
Authors: Westphale Silke , Backhaus Joy , Koenig Sarah 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundStudent performance is a mirror of teaching quality. The pre‐/post‐test design allows a pragmatic approach to comparing the effects of interventions. However, the calculation of current knowledge gain scores introduces varying degrees of distortion. Here we present a new metric employing a linear weighting coefficient to reduce skewness on outcome interpretation.MethodsWe compared and contrasted a number of common scores (raw and relative gain scores) with our new method on two datasets, one simulated and the other empirical from a previous intervention study (n = 180) employing a pre‐/post‐test design.ResultsThe outcomes of the common scores were clearly different, demonstrating a significant dependency on pre‐test scores. Only the new metric revealed a linear relationship to the knowledge baseline, was less skewed on the upper or lower extremes, and proved well suited to allow the calculation of negative learning gains. Employing the empirical dataset, the new method also confirmed the interaction effect of teaching formats with specific subgroups of learner characteristics.ConclusionThis work introduces a new weighted metric enabling meaningful comparisons between interventions based on a linear transformation. This method will form the basis to intertwine the calculation of test performance closely with the outcome of learning as an important factor reflecting teaching quality and efficacy. Its regular use can improve the transparency of teaching activities and outcomes, contribute to forming rounded judgements of students' acquisition of knowledge and skills and enable valuable feedforward to develop and enhance curricular concepts.
GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR‐like gene OsGLR3.4 is required for plant growth and systemic wound signaling in rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Yu Bo , Wu Qi , Li Xingxing , Zeng Rongfeng , Min Qian , Huang Junli 
Published: November 2021

Summary

Recent studies have revealed the physiological roles of glutamate receptor‐like channels (GLRs) in Arabidopsis; however, the functions of GLRs in rice remain largely unknown.

Here, we show that knockout of OsGLR3.4 in rice leads to brassinosteroid (BR)‐regulated growth defects and reduced BR sensitivity. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and transient transactivation assays indicated that OsGLR3.4 is the downstream target of OsBZR1. Further, agonist profile assays showed that multiple amino acids can trigger transient Ca2+ influx in an OsGLR3.4‐dependent manner, indicating that OsGLR3.4 is a Ca2+‐permeable channel. Meanwhile, the study of internode cells demonstrated that OsGLR3.4‐mediated Ca2+ flux is required for actin filament organization and vesicle trafficking.

Following root injury, the triggering of both slow wave potentials (SWPs) in leaves and the jasmonic acid (JA) response are impaired in osglr3.4 mutants, indicating that OsGLR3.4 is required for root‐to‐shoot systemic wound signaling in rice. Brassinosteroid treatment enhanced SWPs and OsJAZ8 expression in root‐wounded plants, suggesting that BR signaling synergistically regulates the OsGLR3.4‐mediated systemic wound response.

In summary, this article describes a mechanism of OsGLR3.4‐mediated cell elongation and long‐distance systemic wound signaling in plants and provides new insights into the contribution of GLRs to plant growth and responses to mechanical wounding.
Outcome of high‐power short‐duration radiofrequency ablation in combination with half‐normal saline irrigation for the treatment of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Maan Abhishek , Bode Weeranun D. , Heist E. Kevin , Ha Grace , Carnicelli Anthony , Slattery Kathryn , Fitzsimons Michael , Ruskin Jeremy , Mansour Moussa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundData regarding the use of high‐power short‐duration (HPSD) radiofrequency (RF) in combination with half‐normal saline irrigation for catheter irrigation are limited.ObjectivesThis study investigated the safety and efficacy of using HPSD RF ablation in combination with half‐normal saline irrigation for the treatment of AF.MethodsOne hundred consecutive patients with AF underwent RF ablation using HPSD combined with half‐normal saline for catheter irrigation. In addition, the following ablation strategies were used: 1 mm tags for the display of ablation lesions on the mapping system, high‐frequency jet ventilation (HFJV), low contact force, pacing after ablation to verify areas of noncapture, atrial/ventricular pacing at 500 to 700 ms to aid in catheter stability, use of two skin electrodes to reduce impedance, and postablation adenosine infusion. Power was started at 40 to 45 W and was modulated manually based on impedance changes.ResultsThe average age of patients was 65.2 years and 70% were male. Forty seven percent had paroxysmal AF and the average CHA2DS2‐VASc score was 2.1 ± 1.6. The average power and lesion duration were 38.1 ± 3.3 W and 8.1 ± 2.3 s, respectively. During a median follow‐up period of 321 ± 139 days, 89% of the patients remained free from any atrial arrhythmias after a single RF ablation procedure. No procedure‐related death, stroke, pericardial effusion, or atrioesophageal fistula occurred during follow‐up.ConclusionsCatheter ablation using HPSD RF lesions in combination with half‐normal saline irrigation and is safe and effective, and results in high rate of freedom from AF.
Damage Induced to DNA and Its Constituents by 0–3 eV UV Photoelectrons†
Authors: Liu Chaochao , Zheng Yi , Sanche Léon 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe complex physical and chemical interactions between DNA and 0–3 eV electrons released by UV photoionization can lead to the formation of various lesions such as base modifications and cleavage, crosslinks and single strand breaks. Furthermore, in the presence of platinum chemotherapeutic agents, these electrons can cause clustered lesions, including double strand breaks. We explain the mechanisms responsible for these damages via the production 0–3 eV electrons by UVC radiation, and by UV photons of any wavelengths, when they are produced by photoemission from nanoparticles lying within about 10 nm from DNA. We review experimental evidence showing that a single 0–3 eV electron can produce these damages. The foreseen benefits UV‐irradiation of nanoparticles targeted to the cell nucleus are mentioned in the context of cancer therapy, as well as the potential hazards to human health when they are present in cells.
Insights into the Ultrafast Dynamics of CH2OO and CH3CHOO Following Excitation to the Bright 1ππ* State: The Role of Singlet and Triplet States
Authors: Esposito Vincent J. , Werba Olivia , Bush Sarah A. , Marchetti Barbara , Karsili Tolga N. V. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTCriegee intermediates make up a class of molecules that are of significant atmospheric importance. Understanding their electronically excited states guides experimental detection and provides insight into whether solar photolysis plays a role in their removal from the troposphere. The latter is particularly important for large and functionalized Criegee intermediates. In this study, the excited state chemistry of two small Criegee intermediates, formaldehyde oxide (CH2OO) and acetaldehyde oxide (CH3CHOO), was modeled to compare their specific dynamics and mechanisms following excitation to the bright ππ* state and to assess the involvement of triplet states to the excited state decay process. Following excitation to the bright ππ* state, the photoexcited population exclusively evolves to form oxygen plus aldehyde products without the involvement of triplet states. This occurs despite the presence of a more thermodynamically stable triplet path and several singlet/triplet energy crossings at the Franck‐Condon geometry and contrasts with the photodynamics of related systems such as acetaldehyde and acetone. This work sets the foundations to study Criegee intermediates with greater molecular complexity, wherein a bathochromic shift in the electron absorption profiles may ensure greater removal via solar photolysis.
Thinking Things in German versus Swedish. A Cross‐Linguistic comparison of Verbs of Thinking in Two Genetically Close Languages.☆
Authors: Frommherz Yannick 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAgainst the backdrop of universality proposals claiming that all languages share the conceptualisation and expression of THINKING, this study comparatively investigates verbs of thinking (VOT) in German and Swedish. Particularly, it examines semantic specificity in VOT (the restricted availability of only one verb in a certain context), and the potential effect of two constraints (intersubjective verifiability; subjectivity). A contextualised choice task was conducted where German (n = 30) and Swedish (n = 30) native speakers had to indicate which of four verb(s) (denken/glauben/meinen/finden; tänka/tro/tycka/mena) are meaningful in a certain context. The results suggest that the German domain of VOT is less semantically specific than the Swedish one. Moreover, they indicate that both languages are sensitive to the subjectivity constraint: they exclusively allow for one specific verb (finden/tycka) when the VOT frames an utterance expressing a subjective opinion/assessment/evaluation. However, when the VOT frames a statement that other interactants can test for its truth (intersubjective verifiability), only Swedish appears to show semantic specificity, allowing exclusively for tro. German does not appear sensitive to this constraint as both denken/glauben/meinen are available. The finding that even genetically close languages show striking differences in VOT casts doubt on universality proposals in the domain of VOT.
Low light‐regulated intramolecular disulfide fine‐tunes the role of PTOX in Arabidopsis
Authors: Rog Ido , Chaturvedi Amit Kumar , Tiwari Vivekanand , Danon Avihai 
Published: November 2021

SUMMARYDisulfide‐based regulation links the activity of numerous chloroplast proteins with photosynthesis‐derived redox signals. The plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX) is a thylakoid‐bound plastoquinol oxidase that has been implicated in multiple roles in the light and in the dark, which could require different levels of PTOX activity. Here we show that Arabidopsis PTOX contains a conserved C‐terminus domain (CTD) with cysteines that evolved progressively following the colonization of the land by plants. Furthermore, the CTD contains a regulatory disulfide that is in the oxidized state in the dark and is rapidly reduced, within 5 min, in low light intensity (1–5 µE m−2 sec−1). The reduced PTOX form in the light was reoxidized within 15 min after transition to the dark. Mutation of the cysteines in the CTD prevented the formation of the oxidized form. This resulted in higher levels of reduced plastoquinone when measured at transition to the onset of low light. This is consistent with the reduced state of PTOX exhibiting diminished PTOX oxidase activity under conditions of limiting PQH2 substrate. Our findings suggest that AtPTOX‐CTD evolved to provide light‐dependent regulation of PTOX activity for the adaptation of plants to terrestrial conditions.
Acute cerebral compression caused by an epidural hematoma associated with cryptococcosis in a dog
Authors: Purcell Sarah L. , Rose Annie , Allavena Rachel , Haworth Mark 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe acute cerebral compression caused by an epidural hematoma (EDH) in a dog with cryptococcal infection.Case SummaryAn 18‐month‐old neutered male Neapolitan Mastiff was found comatose with no preceding clinical signs apart from a mild forelimb lameness. A CT scan of the head revealed a lesion within the right caudal nasal cavity that traversed the cribriform plate in addition to a right epidural lesion resulting in compression of the right cerebrum. Assessment of brain death was made based on the presence of coma, apnea, and absence of brain stem reflexes and included assessment of the vestibulo‐ocular reflex. Postmortem identified a large EDH causing marked compression of the right frontal lobe. A nasal biopsy cultured Cryptococcus gattii.New or Unique Information ProvidedEDH formation in a dog secondary to cryptococcosis has not been previously reported. This is also the first time a caloric vestibulo‐ocular reflex assessment has been reported in a dog.
Regulating Movement Frequency and Speed: Implications for Lumbar Spine Load Management Strategies Demonstrated Using an In Vitro Porcine Model
Authors: Zehr Jackie D. , Buchman-Pearle Jessa M. , Beach Tyson A.C. , Gooyers Chad E. , Callaghan Jack P. 
Published: November 2021

The relationship between internal loading dose and low-back injury risk during lifting is well known. However, the implications of movement parameters that influence joint loading rates—movement frequency and speed—on time-dependent spine loading responses remain less documented. This study quantified the effect of loading rate and frequency on the tolerated cumulative loading dose and its relation to joint lifespan. Thirty-two porcine spinal units were exposed to biofidelic compression loading paradigms that differed by joint compression rate (4.2 and 8.3 kN/s) and frequency (30 and 60 cycles per minute). Cyclic compression testing was applied until failure was detected or 10,800 continuous cycles were tolerated. Instantaneous weighting factors were calculated to evaluate the cumulative load and Kaplan–Meier survival probability functions were examined following nonlinear dose normalization of the cyclic lifespan. Significant reductions in cumulative compression were tolerated when spinal units were compressed at 8.3 kN/s (P < .001, 67%) and when loaded at 30 cycles per minute (P = .008, 45%). There was a positive moderate relationship between cumulative load tolerance and normalized cyclic lifespan (R2 = .52), which was supported by joint survivorship functions. The frequency and speed of movement execution should be evaluated in parallel to loading dose for the management of low-back training exposures.