bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of farmers knowledge and perception towards the usage of sugarcane trash and environmental safety
Authors: POWAR RANJIT VASANT , Patil S. B. , POWAR T. R. , Bandgar P. S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose In Maharashtra's Kolhapur district, open field burning of sugarcane trash (ST) is a major concern. This pollutes the environment, loses energy, and has a detrimental effect on biodiversity. As a result, a study was conducted to learn more about the underlying cause of sugarcane trash burning. MethodsThe face-to-face interview of 186 sugarcane growers were carried in Kolhapur district of Maharashtra (India). The impact of age and education on behavior of farmers towards the usage of sugarcane trash were analyzed with help of M.S Excel, and Past-3 software and Drivers, Pressures, State, Impact, Response (DPSIR) model. ResultsThe age and education has non-significant effect on burning of sugarcane trash even though at 10% level of significance. The 61.12 % farmers burn the sugarcane trash in the field, whereas 38.70 % used for other purposes. The farmers (95.69 %) are very well know that burning of sugarcane trash has a detrimental effect on the environment. The 80 % farmers reported fear of rats, snakes and scorpion to use sugarcane trash as mulch in field as well as 42 % farmers reported burning of sugarcane trash in field has benefits. Conclusions The study revealed that farmers have knowledge and understanding on how to use sugarcane trash for benefits but due to utilization barriers they burned the sugarcane trash in the field. There is need a robust policy as well as extension activity to address this issue.
Thermodynamic Parameters of Nonisothermal Degradation of A New Family of Organometallic Dendrimer with Isoconversional Methods
Authors: Joraid Ahmad Ali , Okasha Rawda Mohammad , Al-Maghrabi Mahdi A. , Afifi Tarek H. , Agatemor Christian , Abd-El-Aziz Alaa S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The objective of this work is to obtain the thermodynamic parameters, namely, the changes of enthalpy, Gibbs free energy, and the entropy of two degradation steps observed in three of a new family of organometallic dendrimers. The isoconversional Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) model was employed to calculate the effective activation energy and pre-exponential factor. The changes of enthalpy and the entropy was consistent with the activation energy, whereas the change of Gibbs free energy remains positive during the entire degradation process, implying that the degradation is non-spontaneous and thus requires external heat supply.
Robust Walking Control of a Lower Limb Rehabilitation Exoskeleton Coupled with a Musculoskeletal Model via Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Luo Shuzhen , Androwis Ghaith , Adamovich Sergei , Nunez Erick , Su Hao , Zhou Xianlian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Few studies have systematically investigated robust controllers for lower limb rehabilitation exoskeletons (LLREs) that can safely and effectively assist users with a variety of neuromuscular disorders to walk with full autonomy. One of the key challenges for developing such a robust controller is to handle different degrees of uncertain human-exoskeleton interaction forces from the patients. Consequently, conventional walking controllers either are patient-condition specific or involve tuning of many control parameters, which could behave unreliably and even fail to maintain balance. Methods: We present a novel and robust controller for a LLRE based on a decoupled deep reinforcement learning framework with three independent networks, which aims to provide reliable walking assistance against various and uncertain human-exoskeleton interaction forces. The exoskeleton controller is driven by a neural network control policy that acts on a stream of the LLRE’s proprioceptive signals, including joint kinematic states, and subsequently predicts real-time position control targets for the actuated joints. To handle uncertain human-interaction forces, the control policy is trained intentionally with an integrated human musculoskeletal model and realistic human-exoskeleton interaction forces. Two other neural networks are connected with the control policy network to predict the interaction forces and muscle coordination. To further increase the robustness of the control policy, we employ domain randomization during training that includes not only randomization of exoskeleton dynamics properties but, more importantly, randomization of human muscle strength to simulate the variability of the patient’s disability. Through this decoupled deep reinforcement learning framework, the trained controller of LLREs is able to provide reliable walking assistance to the human with different degrees of neuromuscular disorders. Results and Conclusion: A universal, RL-based walking controller is trained and virtually tested on a LLRE system to verify its effectiveness and robustness in assisting users with different disabilities such as passive muscles (quadriplegic), muscle weakness, or hemiplegic conditions. An ablation study demonstrates strong robustness of the control policy under large exoskeleton dynamic property ranges and various human-exoskeleton interaction forces. The decoupled network structure allows us to isolate the LLRE control policy network for testing and sim-to-real transfer since it uses only proprioception information of the LLRE (joint sensory state) as the input. Furthermore, the controller is shown to be able to handle different patient conditions without the need for patient-specific control parameters tuning.
WITHDRAWN: Determinants of fetal macrosomia among live births in southern Ethiopia: a matched case-control study
Authors: Woltamo Deginesh Dawit , Koyra Mengistu Meskele , Bitew Shimelash , Badacho Abebe Sorsa 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
The magnitude of fetal macrosomia is high and associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, especially among women in developing countries like Ethiopia. Despite the observed burden, there is limited evidence on determinants of fetal macrosomia. This study aimed to identify determinants of fetal macrosomia among live births at Wolaita Sodo town Southern Ethiopia.
Methods
A facility-based matched case-control study design involved 360 singletons deliveries attended at hospitals in Wolaita Sodo town, southern Ethiopia, with 120 cases and 240 controls included. Cases and control were matched by maternal age. Cases were neonates with a birth weight of ≥4000, while controls were neonates with a birthweight between 2500gm and less than 4000gm. Data were collected by interviews, measuring, and reviewing mothers' medical documents. Conditional logistic regression analysis was carried to identify the independent predictor variables. Statistical significance was set using a p-value<0.05 and 95% CI for AOR.
Results
Male neonates were four times more likely to be macrosomia than female neonates AOR=4.0 [95%CI; 2.25-7.11, p<0.001]. Neonates born at gestational age ≥40 weeks were 4.33 times more likely to be macrosomia with AOR= 4.33 [95%CI; 2.37-7.91, p<0.001]. Neonates born from physically active mothers were 7.76 times more likely to be macrosomia with AOR= 7.76 [95CI; 3.33-18.08, p<0.001]. Neonates born from mothers who consumed fruits and dairy products in their diet frequently were 2 and 4.9 times more likely to be macrosomia AOR=2.03 [95%CI; 1.11-3.69, p=0.021] and AOR= 4.91[95%CI; 2.36-10.23, p<0.001] respectively.
Conclusion
Mothers' physical exercise and consumption of fruit and dairy products were significant predictor variables for fetal macrosomia. Hence, health care providers may use these factors as a screening tool for the prediction, early diagnosis, and timely intervention of fetal macrosomia and its complications.
Timeliness of splenic time-to-peak affects liver tumor CT perfusion measurements
Authors: Hatwar Rajeev , Mirpour Sahar , Attaluri Anilchandra , Stayman J. Webster , Ivkov Robert , Liapi Eleni 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Aim

In liver CT perfusion, the dual-input maximum slope (DI-MS) method is commonly used to estimate perfusion to aid diagnosis of tumors. The DI-MS method relies on a model that assumes the splenic time-to-peak (TTP) separates arterial and portal venous perfusion, and occurs prior to venous perfusion. In this preclinical study, we examined how the timeliness of splenic TTP affects DI-MS perfusion calculations of liver tumors.
Materials and Methods

We analyzed imaging data obtained from 11 New Zealand White rabbits bearing a single implanted VX2 tumor in liver. A liver 320-slice CT perfusion protocol (5,400 images per study) was used to generate images. Times for arterial and portal slopes were recorded, and hepatic arterial perfusion (HAP), portal perfusion (HPP) and perfusion index (HPI) for liver and tumor were separately calculated using manual and automated methods. T-test comparisons and Bland-Altman plot analyses were performed.
Results

Mean tumor TTP occurred at 9.79 s (SD=3.41) and splenic TTP at 9.75 s (SD=4.47, p=0.98). In 3/11 (27.27%) cases, tumor SP occurred prior to spleen (mean difference=1.33 s, SD=1.15 s). In these cases, mean automated HPP values were 43.8% (SD=52.48) higher compared to manually computed ones. There were statistically significant differences between automated and manual methods for normal liver and tumor HPI and HPP (p<0.01 and p<0.0001, respectively), but not HAP values (p=0.125 and p=0.78, respectively). There was also a statistically significant variation between methods for tumor HPP and HPI (p=0.001, respectively).
Conclusion

In 320-slice CT perfusion of liver in this preclinical model, we observed that tumor TTP occurred prior to splenic TTP in 27.27% of tumors in liver. This temporal relationship affects tumor perfusion calculations and should be identified to address potential deviations of model assumptions.
Cardiac Tamponade as First Manifestation of Multiple Myeloma: a Case Report With Literature Review
Authors: LOUKHNATI Mehdi , KHALIL Khaoula , LAHLIMI Fatim Ezzahra , TAZI Illias 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Multiple myeloma is a hematologic malignancy characterized by clonal proliferation of plasma cells, mainly in bone marrow. Extramedullary disease is reported in many cases and may occur at diagnosis, at progression, or during relapse phase. Pericardial involvement is a rare condition that usually occurs with advanced-stage disease. We report a rare case of plasma cell-based pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade as a form of presentation of multiple myeloma.Case presentation: A 76-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency department for worsening shortness of breath, on segmental examination, she had dyspnea, engorged jugulars, muffled heart sounds and lower limb edema. A Chest X-ray demonstrated cardiomegaly with a mild left pleural effusion, laboratory data showed immunoglobulin G lambda, diagnosis of plasma cell-based pericardial effusion was established by pericardial fluid cytology. The patient received systemic chemotherapy, according to Melphalan-Prednisone and thalidomid protocol. Conclusion: Multiple myeloma with cardiac effusion should be considered for differential diagnosis of patients with recurrent and unexplained pericardial effusions.
A Curious “Appendicitis”, Magnetic Foreign Bodies Ingestion In a Five Year Old Girl With Ileal Perforation. Case Report and Review of Literature.
Authors: Ghallab Alaa , Wilkson Alexander , Daniel Rajio 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundForeign body ingestion is common in children. Ingestion of multiple magnetic foreign bodies poses a significant risk of complications as they are unlikely to pass spontaneously. Case presentationWe present our interesting case of a 5 Year old girl, complaining of right iliac fossa pain not relieved with paracetamol, associated with 2 episodes of vomiting and one episode of loose bowel motion. Abdominal examination revealed tender right iliac fossa with weak rebound and mild guarding with no rigidity. WBC was 16.9, with 12.68 neutrophils, with normal urea, creatinine, amylase, CRP and liver function tests. Patient was admitted for suspected appendicitis versus gastroenteritis. Abdominal ultrasound showed free fluid in the pelvis, appendix was not seen and there was a mass in the right iliac fossa. The patient was started on intravenous co-amoxiclav and diagnostic laparoscopy revealed a normal appendix with free fluid in pelvis. The omentum was stuck to terminal ileum with two necrotic patches and a perforation in the terminal ileum with magnetic foreign bodies protruding from the perforation site.There was no peritoneal contamination. Laparotomy was performed via right lower transverse incision with resection & anastomosis of necrotic perforated bowel segment and removal of three magnetic foreign bodies from the terminal ileum. Patient had smooth postoperative recovery. ConclusionThe Ingestion of multiple magnets, or a magnet with a metallic object should be considered an impending surgical emergency as it is unlikely to pass spontaneously and complications are more likely. There are no reports where more than one magnet was passed spontaneously. The possibility of foreign body ingestion should always be considered in a young child presenting with abdominal symptoms. Early intervention is indicated if the history, clinical findings and imaging are suggestive of multiple magnetic ingestion to prevent serious life threatening complications.
Relationship of Type D Personality to Adverse Health Outcomes in People with Type 2 Diabetes: Parallel Mediating Effects of Diabetes Distress and Social Isolation
Authors: Lee Eun-Hyun , Lee Young Whee , Chae Duckhee , Kang Eun Hee , Kang Hyun-Jung 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: This study aims to investigate the relationship of Type D personality to glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) directly, and also indirectly via diabetes distress and social isolation in people with type 2 diabetes.Methods: Secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional survey was used. Data on 524 people with type 2 diabetes from outpatient clinics were obtained from June 2020 to February 2021. The hypotheses of this study were tested using the PROCESS macro with 10,000 bootstrapping iterations to estimate 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for indirect (mediating) effects.Results: Type D personality was present in 31.3% of the participants, and exerted a significant direct effect on HRQOL but not on HbA1c. Type D personality exerted a significant indirect effects on HbA1c via diabetes distress and social isolation (95% CI = 0.014 to 0.163 and 0.007 to 0.121, respectively), and on HRQOL via diabetes distress and social isolation (95% CI = -0.335 to -0.178 and -0.056 to -0.008, respectively). The indirect effects of Type D personality on HRQOL via diabetes distress had a greater magnitude than that via social isolation.Conclusion: It is necessary for health professionals to monitor people with type 2 diabetes to determine whether Type D personality is present. Those with Type D personality should be provided with interventions to reduce diabetes distress and alleviate social isolation in order to improve their glycemic control and HRQOL.
Methylation Profiling of Biosynthetic Genes Reveals The Role of D-Galacturonic Acid Reductase In Ascorbic Acid Accumulation In Tomato Fruit
Authors: Wang Yaru , Wang Ying , Li Fangman , Shang Lele , Tao Jinbao , Zhang Xingyu , Dong Haiqiang , Gai Wenxian , Zhang Yuyang , Ren Zongjun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AsA) is an important nutrient component contributing to major flavor value of tomato fruit and human health. Although transcription regulation of AsA biosynthetic genes have been well demonstrated, epigenetic modification underlying AsA accumulation remains unclear. In this study, we exposed immature tomato fruits to a methyltransferase inhibitor (5-azacytidine) and detected the impacts on AsA accumulation. Inhibition of DNA methylation enhanced AsA accumulation in tomato leaves and fruits. We further isolated a AsA biosynthetic gene, SlGalUR5, which encodes a D-galacturonic acid reductase. SlGalUR5 showed reduced DNA methylation levels and higher transcription levels in Slmet1 mutant while have converse pattern in Sldml2 mutant. 5-azacytidine treatment significantly decreased DNA methylation levels of SlGalUR5 in fruits. Conversely, transcription profiles of SlGalUR5 and enzyme activity of GalUR were enhanced in 5-azacytidine–treated fruits. Our finding revealed a new insight into epigenome modiﬁcation of SlGalUR5 involved in ascorbic acid accumulation and provide a potential means of increasing AsA levels for tomato breeding.
Midazolam Increases The Risk of Delirium In Critically Ill Patients: A Propensity Score Analysis.
Authors: Shi He-Jie , Yuan Rui-Xia , Zhang Jun-Zhi , Chen Jia-Hui , Hu An-Min 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Midazolam is commonly administered in the intensive care unit (ICU) because of its limited effect on hemodynamics and stable calming and sleep-induction effects. Recent concerns about an increased risk of delirium associated with midazolam have resulted in decreased midazolam usage in the ICU. However, whether midazolam administration within 24 hours prior is related to the occurrence of delirium is still unknown.METHODS: We used real-world data from MIMIC III v1.4, MIMIC-IV v0.4 and eICU Collaborative Research to perform comparisons and assess the associated outcome effectiveness. We performed a systematic study with two cohorts to estimate the relative risks of outcomes among patients administered midazolam within 24 hours prior to delirium assessment. Propensity score matching was performed to generate a balanced 1:1 matched cohort and to identify potential prognostic factors. The outcomes included mortality, length of ICU stay, length of hospitalization, and odds of being discharged home.RESULTS: Propensity matching successfully balanced covariates for 9,348 patients (4,674 per group). There was no significant difference in hospitalization duration, (P = 0.03). However, compared to no administration of midazolam, midazolam administration was associated with a significantly higher risk for delirium (P<0.001). When compared with no midazolam administration, the use of midazolam, was associated with higher mortality and a longer ICU stay (P<0.001). Patients treated with midazolam were relatively less likely to be discharged home (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with no administration of midazolam, midazolam administration was associated with a difference in the incidence of delirium, mortality, ICU stay and likelihood of being discharged home but was not associated with hospitalization duration. These data suggest that midazolam may not be the preferred sedative drug for patients at risk for delirium.
Environmental and Biological Monitoring of Organochlorine Pesticides in the City of Salamanca, Mexico
Authors: Castro Israel , Rocha Diana Olivia , Ruiz Tania , Alegria Jorge Alejandro , Cruz Gustavo , Enciso Israel , Costilla Rogelio 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The former Tekchem Industrial Unit located in the city of Salamanca, Mexico, constitutes an environmental liability in which the presence of high levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) has been reported. In the present study, levels of OCPs were quantified using gas chromatography – mass spectrometry in 52 soil samples and in 88 blood samples from school-age children in the city of Salamanca. A median concentration of 70.6 ng/g (6.93 - 3276) was obtained for total OCPs in soil, while for the total sum of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) the value was 49.6 ng/g (6.93 - 3276). In children, the median level of the total sum of OCPs was 390 ng/g lipid (7.34 - 14895), and for the total sum of DDT was 175 ng/g lipid (<LOD - 14802). The OCPs that resulted in highest concentrations in soil were DDT and its metabolites, as well as aldrin and heptachlor epoxide; while in blood the highest levels corresponded to 4,4’-DDT and its metabolites, followed by heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide. The spatial distribution of the concentrations of OCPs in soil shows that the facilities of Teckchem may be a significant potential source for the dispersion of these compounds towards the metropolitan area of Salamanca. The results obtained in the present study demonstrate the presence of OCPs in soil and in child population, providing important bases to study the problem from a broader perspective, while reiterating the importance of continuing efforts to generate resolute and precautionary measures with respect to the environmental liability of Tekchem.
Modeling in the OMNET ++ environment of connection processes in Wi-Fi networks
Authors: Заяц A.М. , Хабаров С.П. 
Published: December 2021

Предложен подход к разработке в среде OMNeT++ INET простейшей имитационной модели инфраструктурного режима функционирования Wi-Fi сети, который позволяет проводить подробный анализ функционирования таких сетей, а также строить и анализировать временные диаграммы взаимодействия всех элементов сети. Разработанную модель можно использовать как базовую для формирования более сложных моделей с произвольным числом мобильных клиентов, позволяя определять необходимое количество точек доступа и мест их размещения для обеспечения полноценного покрытия зоны мониторинга лесной территории.
An approach to the development in the OMNeT ++ INET environment of the simplest simulation model of the infrastructure mode of Wi-Fi network operation is proposed, which allows a detailed analysis of the functioning of such networks, as well as to build and analyze the time diagram of the interaction of all network elements. The developed model can be used as a base for the formation of more complex models with an arbitrary number of mobile clients, allowing you to determine the required number of access points and their locations to ensure full coverage of the monitoring area of the forest area.
Estimation of probable maximum precipitation of a high-mountain basin in a changing climate
Authors: Liu Tian , Li Binquan , Jin Luyi , Wang Shiwu , Wen Jinhua , Wang Helong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To estimate the probable maximum precipitation (PMP) in a changing climate, this study proposes a new PMP estimation framework based on weather research forecasting (WRF) initialed with temperature (predicted by post-processing) for changing climate conditions. First, in order to determine temperature disturbance influencing PMP under climate change, a random forest (RF) model considering error correction is introduced to predict the temperature in the future. Results show that the revised RF model could improve accuracy in temperature prediction. Furthermore, numerical experiments of disturbance amplification of three factors (humidity, wind speed, and temperature) using the WRF model are conducted. This new scheme could consider the effect of three elements (horizontal range, vertical layer, and ratio) of influencing factors’ maximization on PMP. Results indicate that for the most unfavorable precipitation scenario of each factor magnification, the combination of three elements is different. Then, the joint amplification numerical experiments of three factors proved the existence of their interactions when multi-factors changed simultaneously. Finally, this method was tested in a high-mountain basin, the Upper Nujiang River Basin. Results showed that the increase of wind speed plays a leading role in rainfall enhancement, and the rising of relative humidity and temperature has a certain disturbance effect on rainfall.