bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lesson learned from the development of sustainable rice farming in peatland
Authors: Fawzi N I , Qurani I Z 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Future food production is expected to meet the capacity in providing food for 9.7 billion people in the world by 2050. As the population rises, the demand for rice cropping areas in Indonesia will double to approximately 16.5 million ha by 2040. Deploying arable land intensification alone would hardly fill the gap. In Indonesia, around 140,000 – 187,000 hectares of agriculture areas have been lost due to residential or industrial purposes every year, especially in Java Island. This research attempted to explore the viable farming method to improve rice production in peatland which has the potential to be cultivated as arable land. Three main issues hindered the development of rice growth: acidic soil and water, irrigation, and rice variety adaptation. Despite these constraints, the experiments in Pulau Burung District, Indragiri Hilir Regency, Riau using rice varieties Mekongga, IR 64, and Cilamaya Muncul managed to yield an average up to 4-ton/ha of rice grain. This number is close to the Indonesian average productivity of 5-ton/ha. In practice, the experiments leverage on an integrated water resource management and the selected ameliorant. The yield range in peatland is often limited by productivity factors such as pest, fertilizer, water, next to the cost of providing ameliorant. By further developing the practice, sustainable rice farming can contribute in securing staple food production.
Olfactory Response of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) Adults to Refugia Plant
Authors: Asmoro P P , Dadang  , Pudjianto  , Winasa I W 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Selection of refugia plants is an important step when engineering the agroecological system. The refugia plants can be repellent or attractant to insect pests and in many species the role of each plant can be studied using the olfactory responses of the insect to volatile chemical cues emitted by the plant. The objective of this study was to determine the olfactory response of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) adults to several refugia plant candidates. Y-tube olfactometer tests were used to determine responses of P. xylostella to candidate plant species including: Ageratum conyzoides, Galinsoga parviflora, Synedrella nodiflora, Sphagneticola trilobata, Brassica rapa, Rorippa indica, Arachis pintoi, Ocimum basilicum, Apium graveolens, and Portulaca oleracea. Olfactory choice tests were conducted to compare preferences of insect. The results showed that R. indica, G. parviflora, and S. trilobata flowers attracted P. xylostella. R. indica and B. rapa leaves had high attractiveness for P. xylostella adults. At the same time, the A. graveolens, A. conyzoides, and O. basilicum leaves showed potential repellency. The conclusions of this study are R. indica and B. rapa have potential for use as trap crops, while A. graveolens, O. basilicum, and A. conyzoides have potential as repellent plants. Further study is necessary to test the olfactory response of P. xylostella’s natural enemies to these refugia plants.
Agronomy Performance and Increasing of Rice Income by Integrated Crops Management (ICM) Assistance to Support Sustainable Agriculture in Bali Province
Authors: Aryawati S A N , Kamandalu A A N B , Suastika I B K , Sari A R K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Research aimed to understand the agronomy performance, rice productivity, financial feasibility and increasing of farmer’s income through program of Integrated Crops Management (ICM) assistance. Research was conducted at Tabanan Regency in 2016. Research utilized Inpari 40, Inpari 30, Inpari 16, Inpari 20, Inpari 24, Inpari 28 and Ciherang as superior rice varieties and involved 38 of farmers respondent in participating. Data of agronomy component was observed and analyzed by ANOVA. Economic feasibility of rice field farming was analyzed by using the analysis of income and R/C Ratio. Result showed that the agronomy performance of superior rice varieties cultivated with ICM technology were tend to equal to each other. Utilization of superior rice varieties with ICM technology implementation can increase rice productivity up to 1.80 ton/ha compared to farmer’s habits mainly the habit of Ciherang uses. Generally, rice field farming by ICM applications has financial feasibility supported by increasing of income average was IDR 5.640.831/ha and R/C ratio became 2.43. Implementation of ICM technology able to increase rice productivity and farmer’s income to support sustainable agriculture in Bali Province. ICM technology requires to disseminate to the farmers through assistance programs by government related that can be adopted well by farmers.
Surface Modification of Nano-Biosilica Extracted from Rice Husk using A Silane Coupling Agent
Authors: Yuliani S , Hidayat T , Wahyuningsih K , Hoerudin  
Published: May 2021

AbstractNano-biosilica extracted from rice husk, an abundant by-product of rice milling, has many potential applications in industry. However, the high amount of hydroxyl group in silica make it easy to adsorb moisture and form aggregates that are difficult to distribute in the hydrophobic matrices. This research aimed to modify the surface of nano-biosilica by using a coupling agent and characterize the changes in physical properties. Nano-biosilica was extracted using a sol–gel technique and treated with a silane coupling agent (bis-(triethoxy-silyl-propyl) tetrasulfide/TESPT) at concentrations of 0–20%. Characterization included colour (chromametry), weight increase (gravimetry), crystallinity (X-Ray Diffraction/XRD), microscopic structure (Scanning Electron Microscopy/SEM), functional groups (Fourier Transform – Infrared Spectroscopy/FT-IR), silica content (X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy/XRF), and specific pore surface area (Brunauer Emmett-Teller/BET). Crystallinity decreased with the increase in silane concentration, indicating more amorphous structures of surface-modified nano-biosilica. This was confirmed by a more porous surface structure in the silane-treated nano-biosilica as shown under SEM observation. FT-IR analysis exhibited some peaks at methylene bounds at the surface-modified nano-biosilica demonstrating its interaction with TESPT. The silica content (SiO2) and the specific pore surface area of the treated nanobiosilica decreased, confirming the presence of TESPT on the surface. This study provides more potential applications of nano-biosilica as a filler agent.
Effect of Planting Time and Cassava Variety to MOCAF (Modified Cassava Flour) Quality Level
Authors: Dewi S S , Widyastuti T 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The more significant demand for flour requires alternative substitute materials from local products, one of which is mocaf flour derived from cassava. The quality of mocaf flour is primarily determined by the quality of cassava. Constraints faced in the supply of mocaf flour, are influenced by the availability of cassava. On the other hand, the quality of mocaf flour is also determined by the quality of cassava produced. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on the content and physical properties of mocaf flour produced from differences in planting time and cassava varieties. This research was compiled using a factorial completely randomized design. There were 12 treatment combinations with 3 replications, with the first factor being cassava varieties, including varieties of Bamban, Gambyong, Gatotkaca and Kirik. The second factor is planting time, which is May, June and July. The total number of treatments was 36 treatment units. The results showed that cassava varieties with planting time in May, June and July produced mocaf flour with the content and physical properties in accordance with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). Gatot varieties with planning time in May, June and July possess the best quality compared to other varieties.
Supersymmetry, half-bound states, and grazing incidence reflection
Authors: Patient D A , Horsley S A R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Electromagnetic waves at grazing incidence onto a planar medium are analogous to zero energy quantum particles incident onto a potential well. In this limit waves are typically completely reflected. Here we explore dielectric profiles supporting optical analogues of ‘half–bound states’, allowing for zero reflection at grazing incidence. To obtain these profiles we use two different theoretical approaches: supersymmetric quantum mechanics, and direct inversion of the Helmholtz equation, showing that discretized approximations to these profiles exhibit low reflectivity close to grazing incidence.
Modeling of non-paraxial electromagnetic wave fields with partially spatially correlated amplitude and polarization
Authors: Laverde Julián , Moreno Jaime , Castañeda Román 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The non-paraxial propagation of electromagnetic wave fields seems to be a condition of the micro and nano-optics. At these scales, spatial correlation is unavoidable and occurs in two important features, i.e. the spatial coherence and spatially correlated polarization. It makes the description of the electromagnetic wave fields challenging in both mathematical formalism and physical interpretation. In this context, the algorithmic implementation of the model plays a crucial role, not only for the theoretical description but also for the experimental development, mainly by taking into account that the theoretical model is able to predict the field’s behavior and properties in experimental scenarios both accessible and still non-accessible by technology. In this paper, the basic theory of the spatially correlated electromagnetic wave fields is discussed. Its capabilities are illustrated by the predictions provided by a modular algorithm, which uses the experimental specifications as individual entries, in close resemblance to the experimental setup.
Advanced tape-exfoliated method for preparing large-area 2D monolayers: a review
Authors: Zhang Xisai , Li Yang , Mu Wenqian , Bai Wenqi , Sun Xiaoxue , Zhao Mingyu , Zhang Zhijie , Shan Fukai , Yang Zhenyu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The tape exfoliation method is still the easiest and most convenient way to obtain large-area two-dimensional (2D) monolayers in experimental research. Recently, there are some important advances in tape exfoliation method for large 2D monolayer materials. This review mainly introduced three kinds of new tape exfoliation methods including modified Scotch tape exfoliation method, metal-assisted tape exfoliation method and gel-assisted tape exfoliation method. We highlight the operation process and exfoliated mechanism of each method. We point out several problems to be solved and give an outlook on the development direction of the new tape exfoliation method. We hope this review will help researchers, especially for beginners, quickly and easily obtain a variety of 2D monolayers for their own experiments.
Preparation and properties of composite phase-change nanofiber membrane by improved bubble electrospinning
Authors: Zhao Lei , Zhao Jumei , Jiang Weiqing , Zhou Hongtao , He Jihuan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBubble electrospinning technology can be used for mass production of nanofibers, it has been widely used in polymer electrospinning such as PVA, PVP and PAN, but there are no reports on the preparation of composite phase-change nanofibers by this method. In this paper, the transparent solution 1(PEG was put into formic acid according to the mass fraction of 60%) was mixed with the transparent solution 2 (PA66 was put into formic acid according to the mass fraction of 15%) according to the mass ratio of 15:85 , 25:75 , 35:65 and 45:55 to prepare four kinds of spinning solutions. And the pure PA66 nanofiber membrane(PNM) and PA66/PEG composite nanofiber membrane(PGCNM) were fabricated by the improved bubble electrospinning device on the basis of bubble electrospinning device invented by He Jihuan etc Also we analyzed their surface microstructure and tested their mechanical properties, thermal properties and molecular structure. The lower the content of PA66, the smaller the adhesion granular matter on the nanofiber surface and the thicker the diameter of the nanofiber, but the surface of the nanofiber is more smooth. The PGNCM appeared double absorption peak at 1515.5 cm−1and 1642 cm−1and existed weak absorption peak at 3298 cm−1 ∼ 3302 cm−1. The tensile strength and the elongation at break of the PGNCM was less than that of the PNM. The hot decomposition process of the PGNCM was composed the melting exothermic process of PEG and PA66. When the mixed ratio between PA66 and PEG was 15:85, the decomposition rate of residues between 210 ∼ 310 °C was the fastest.
The association between an early diagnosis of dementia and secondary health service use
Authors: Couch Elyse , Mueller Christoph , Perera Gayan , Lawrence Vanessa , Prina Matthew 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
dementia policy suggests diagnosing dementia early can reduce the risk of potentially harmful hospital admissions or emergency department (ED) attendances; however, there is little evidence to support this. A diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) before dementia is a helpful proxy to explore early diagnosis. This study investigated the association between an early diagnosis of dementia and subsequent hospitalisations and ED attendances.

Method
a retrospective cohort study of electronic health care records from 15,836 patients from a large secondary care database in South London, UK. Participants were divided into two groups: those with a diagnosis of MCI before dementia, an early diagnosis, and those without. Cox regression models were used to compare the risk of hospitalisation and ED attendance after dementia diagnosis and negative binomial regression models were used to compare the average length of stay and average number of ED attendances.

Results
participants with an early diagnosis were more likely to attend ED after their diagnosis of dementia (HR = 1.09, CI = 1.00–1.18); however, there was no difference in the number of ED attendances (IRR = 1.04, CI = 0.95–1.13). There was no difference in the risk of hospitalisation (HR = 0.99, CI = 0.91–1.08) or length of stay between the groups (IRR = 0.97, CI = 0.85–1.12).

Conclusion
the findings of this study do not support the assumption that an early diagnosis reduces the risk of hospitalisation or ED attendance. The patterns of health service use in this paper could reflect help-seeking behaviour before diagnosis or levels of co-morbidity.
The Unexceptional State: Rethinking the State in the Nineteenth Century (France, United States)
Authors: Barreyre Nicolas , Lemercier Claire 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the past thirty years, historians have deeply renewed our understanding of the state in the early republic period of the United States as much more powerful, deep reaching, and proactive than the traditional image represented. In France, too, new work has revised our vision of the state in the early nineteenth century, which looked different from the triumphant, Napoleonic leviathan that often appears in discourse. Yet both historiographies, having evolved separately, still base their conclusion on implicit comparisons, with an imagined “European” state or with a later “modern” state. This article uses the new historiographies on both countries to go beyond those unstated exceptionalisms to propose a reconstruction of the state in that period. Pulling those studies together, and mobilizing insights from one to shed light on the other, it recovers a common repertoire of statecraft that emerged in the revolutionary era. It hinged on fostering consent of key segments of the population and therefore organized the work of the state in mostly nonbureaucratic forms. States in that period reflected a particular enmeshing of public and private forms that needs to be analyzed for itself, especially if we want to understand the specificity of today’s practices.
The Empire Strikes Back from Within: Colonial Liberation and the Korean Minority Question at the Birth of Postwar Japan, 1945–47
Authors: Choi Deokhyo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The recent historiography of empire has discussed the impact of decolonization on metropolitan society, or how the “empire strikes back.” A growing literature also examines the postcolonial return migration of colonial settlers and its multifaceted aftereffects on the “home” country, bringing fresh insight into how decolonization is experienced “when empire comes home.” This article adds a different question for exploration: What does decolonization look like on the empire’s home front when colonial liberation takes place within, or when the empire strikes back from within? By examining the “liberation” of Korean imperial subjects in Japan after World War II, this article provides a unique vantage point for analyzing decolonization’s impact on metropolitan society. I will demonstrate how Japanese history can offer new insight into the convergence of two critical social phenomena regarding decolonization, namely, empire’s homecoming and colonial liberation on the empire’s home front. Moreover, this article also aims to challenge the historiographical “amnesia of empire” in the study of US-occupied Japan. I will discuss how the Korean minority question became a critical locus where US-led democratization and the postimperial transition from a multiethnic empire to the so-called monoethnic nation intersected and shaped the formation of postwar Japan.
Comparison of Relative Survival and Cause-Specific Survival in Men With Prostate Cancer According to Age and Risk Category: A Nationwide, Population-Based Study
Authors: Orrason Andri Wilberg , Garmo Hans , Styrke Johan , Dickman Paul W , Stattin Pär 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Net survival, estimated in a relative survival (RS) or cause-specific survival (CSS) framework, is a key measure of the effectiveness of cancer management. We compared RS and CSS in men with prostate cancer (PCa) according to age and risk category, using Prostate Cancer data Base Sweden, including 168,793 men younger than age 90 years, diagnosed 1998–2016 with PCa. RS and CSS were compared according to age and risk category based on TNM (tumor, nodes, and metastases) stage, Gleason score, and prostate-specific antigen level. Each framework requires assumptions that are unlikely to be appropriate for PCa. Ten-year RS was substantially higher than CSS in men aged 80–89 with low-risk PCa: 125% (95% confidence interval: 113, 138) versus 85% (95% confidence interval: 82, 88). In contrast, RS and CSS were similar for men under age 70 and for all men with regional or distant metastases. Both RS and CSS produce biased estimates of net survival for men with low- and intermediate-risk PCa, in particular for men over 80. Due to biases, net survival is overestimated in analysis of RS but underestimated in analysis of CSS. These results highlight the importance of evaluating the underlying assumptions for each method, because the “true” net survival is expected to lie between the limits of RS and CSS.
Ion channels and G protein-coupled receptors as targets for invertebrate pest control: from past challenges to practical insecticides
Authors: Ozoe Yoshihisa 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
In the late 1970s, we discovered that toxic bicyclic phosphates inhibit the generation of miniature inhibitory junction potentials, implying their antagonism of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors (GABARs; GABA-gated chloride channels). This unique mode of action provided a strong incentive for our research on GABARs in later years. Furthermore, minor structural changes conferred insect GABAR selectivity to this class of compounds, convincing us of the possibility of GABARs as targets for insecticides. Forty years later, third-generation insecticides acting as allosteric modulator antagonists at a distinctive site of action in insect GABARs were developed. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are also promising targets for pest control. We characterized phenolamine receptors functionally and pharmacologically. Of the tested receptors, β-adrenergic-like octopamine receptors were revealed to be the most sensitive to the acaricide/insecticide amitraz. Given the presence of multiple sites of action, ion channels and GPCRs remain potential targets for invertebrate pest control.
Past agricultural land use affects multiple facets of ungulate antipredator behavior
Authors: Bartel Savannah L , Orrock John L 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Antipredator behavior affects prey fitness, prey demography, and the strength of ecological interactions. Although predator-prey interactions increasingly occur in habitats that experience multiple forms of human-generated disturbance, it is unclear how different forms of disturbance might affect antipredator behavior. Fire is a contemporary disturbance that has dramatic effects on terrestrial habitats. Such habitats may have also experienced past disturbances, like agricultural land use, that leave lasting legacies on habitat structure (e.g., overstory and understory composition). It is unclear how these past and present disturbances affect the use of different antipredator behaviors, like temporal avoidance and vigilance. We examined whether variation in disturbance regimes generates differences in ungulate antipredator behavior by using cameras to measure white-tailed deer vigilance and activity time across 24 longleaf pine woodlands that vary in past land use and contemporary fire regime. Regardless of land-use history, woodlands with high fire frequencies had 4 times less vegetation cover than low-fire woodlands, generating riskier habitats for deer; however, deer responded to fire with different antipredator strategies depending on land-use history. In nonagricultural woodlands, fire affected deer activity time such that activity was nocturnal in low-fire woodlands and crepuscular in high-fire woodlands. In post-agricultural woodlands, fire affected vigilance and not activity time such that deer were more vigilant in high-fire woodlands than in low-fire woodlands. These results suggest that ungulate antipredator behavior may vary spatially depending on past land use and contemporary fire regime, and such disturbances may generate “landscapes of fear” that persist for decades after agricultural use.
A transferable deep learning approach to fast screen potential antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Wang Shiwei , Sun Qi , Xu Youjun , Pei Jianfeng , Lai Luhua 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic calls for rapid development of effective treatments. Although various drug repurpose approaches have been used to screen the FDA-approved drugs and drug candidates in clinical phases against SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that causes this disease, no magic bullets have been found until now. In this study, we used directed message passing neural network to first build a broad-spectrum anti-beta-coronavirus compound prediction model, which gave satisfactory predictions on newly reported active compounds against SARS-CoV-2. Then, we applied transfer learning to fine-tune the model with the recently reported anti-SARS-CoV-2 compounds and derived a SARS-CoV-2 specific prediction model COVIDVS-3. We used COVIDVS-3 to screen a large compound library with 4.9 million drug-like molecules from ZINC15 database and recommended a list of potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 compounds for further experimental testing. As a proof-of-concept, we experimentally tested seven high-scored compounds that also demonstrated good binding strength in docking studies against the 3C-like protease of SARS-CoV-2 and found one novel compound that can inhibit the enzyme. Our model is highly efficient and can be used to screen large compound databases with millions or more compounds to accelerate the drug discovery process for the treatment of COVID-19.