bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient finite difference formulation of a geometrically nonlinear beam element
Authors: Jirásek Milan , La Malfa Ribolla Emma , Horák Martin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe article is focused on a two‐dimensional geometrically nonlinear formulation of a Bernoulli beam element that can accommodate arbitrarily large rotations of cross sections. The formulation is based on the integrated form of equilibrium equations, which are combined with the kinematic equations and generalized material equations, leading to a set of three first‐order differential equations. These equations are then discretized by finite differences and the boundary value problem is converted into an initial value problem using a technique inspired by the shooting method. Accuracy of the numerical approximation is conveniently increased by refining the integration scheme on the element level while the number of global degrees of freedom is kept constant, which leads to high computational efficiency. The element has been implemented into an open‐source finite element code. Numerical examples show a favorable comparison with standard beam elements formulated in the finite‐strain framework and with analytical solutions.
Structures and properties of polymers in ion exchange membranes for hydrogen generation by water electrolysis
Authors: Gohil Jaydevsinh M. , Dutta Kingshuk 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWater electrolysis (WE) is an electrochemical process that splits water and forms hydrogen and oxygen, in presence of catalyst. This is a rapidly developing technology owing to its extreme importance in the generation of hydrogen. Membrane‐based WE involves the use of anion exchange, proton exchange and bipolar membranes, among which the anion exchange membrane‐based WE technology is in the most advanced stage, followed by the proton exchange membrane‐based WE. While, the bipolar membrane‐based WE is the most nascent technology. Among the different categories of membranes used, polymer‐based membranes are the most acceptable ones. It is evident that the structure and properties of the polymers that constitute a membrane play the most important role in determining its applicability in WE application. Keeping this in mind, this review is dedicatedly focused on the different polymers that have been majorly used so far in fabrication of anion exchange, proton exchange, and bipolar membranes for WE, and exclusively analyzes the influence imparted by the structure and properties of the involved polymers on the final performance of the membranes.
Diagnostic and treatment intervals are not associated with survival in rhabdomyosarcoma: A Cancer in Young People in Canada study
Authors: Oberoi Sapna , Lambert Pascal , Gupta Abha A. , Deyell Rebecca J. , Sung Lillian , Cuvelier Geoffrey D. E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundDelay in diagnosis and treatment initiation can be associated with adverse outcomes in children with cancer. Diagnostic interval (DI) is defined as the time between the date of first health care contact for symptoms related to cancer to the date of cancer diagnosis, and treatment interval (TI) is defined as interval between the definitive cancer diagnosis and cancer treatment initiation. We aimed to determine the predictors of DI and TI in children with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and their association with event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS).MethodsUsing the Cancer in Young People in Canada (CYP‐C) national population‐based database, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of children (0–14.99 years) newly diagnosed with RMS between 2001 and 2015 in Canada. Quantile regression was used to assess the predictors of DI and TI, and Cox regression was used to determine if these intervals were associated with EFS and OS.ResultsMedian DI and TI were 16.5 days (interquartile range [IQR] 6.0–38.0) and 5 days (IQR 0–12), respectively. DI and TI were not significantly associated with age at diagnosis, sex, race, tumor site, stage or histology, treatment region, distance from treatment center, income quintile or diagnosis year (all p > .05). DI and TI were not associated with EFS (DI: hazard ratio [HR] 1.00, 95% CI 0.96–1.05, p = .871; TI: HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00–1.05, p = .053) or OS (DI: HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.94–1.05, p = .797; TI: HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.99–1.05, p = .155).ConclusionsIn the publicly funded Canadian health care system, DI and TI did not affect the survival of children with RMS.
Pediatric cancer care in Africa: SIOP Global Mapping process
Authors: Geel Jennifer Ann , Ranasinghe Neil , Myezo Khumo Hope , Davidson Alan , Howard Scott C. , Hessissen Laila , Bouffet Eric , Challinor Julia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn November 2018, theInternational Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) launched a project to map African facilities providing pediatric oncology treatment. A 55‐item digital survey was created in English, piloted in India, translated to French and Portuguese, and distributed by email, social media, or personal contacts. December 2019, 48/54 African countries responded (72% surveys completed and analyzed). Issues included incomplete responses, multiple entries for one facility with conflicting data for key services, and repeated entries with varied answers by the same respondent. The facility mapping project, now on‐going program will serve as a global registry of global pediatric cancer centers.
Thermo‐responsive polymers for thermal regulation in electrochemical energy devices
Authors: Li Mingqian , Chen Zheng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThermo‐responsive polymers have been widely explored because of their diverse structures and functions in response to temperature stimuli. Great attention has been attracted to exploring and designing such polymers composites, which offer tremendous opportunities to build up a systematic understanding of their structure–function relationships and pave the ways for their extensive applications in electronics, soft robotics, and electrochemical energy storage devices. Here, we review the most recent research of thermal regulation in electrochemical energy storage devices (e.g., batteries, supercapacitors) via thermo‐responsive polymers. We summarize how battery components (i.e., electrolytes, separators, electrodes, or current collectors) can be coupled with thermo‐responsive polymers based on different operation mechanisms, such as volume expansion, polymerization, phase reversion, and de‐doping effects, to effectively prevent catastrophic thermal runaway. Different types of thermo‐responsive polymers are evaluated to compare their key features and/or limitations. This review is concluded with perspectives of future design strategies towards more effective thermo‐responsive polymers for battery thermal regulation.
Impact of open‐shell loading on mass transport and doping in conjugated radical polymers
Authors: Liu Kangying , Perera Kuluni , Wang Zhiyang , Mei Jianguo , Boudouris Bryan W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRadical‐containing polymers are an evolving class of redox‐active macromolecules that have received great interest; however, most reports regarding radical polymers have focused on materials with nonconjugated backbones because their application drivers did not require this conjugation. Conversely, there has been a recent rise in the development of radical polymers for next‐generation applications where imparting conjugation to the backbone of the radical polymer could be of significant benefit. To this end, we designed and synthesized a series of 3,4‐propylenedioxythiophene (ProDOT)‐based polymers bearing nitroxide radical pendent groups via direct arylation polymerization. Specifically, we present four radical polymers with open‐shell loadings ranging from 24% to 82% of the total number of repeat units per polymer chain. The impact of open‐shell loading on the electrochemical behaviors of these polymers in different electrolytes was then established using cyclic voltammetry, spectroelectrochemical analyses, and electrochemical quartz‐crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring. We demonstrate that incorporating the open‐shell moieties in the ProDOT‐based polymers lowers the oxidation onset potential of the conjugated backbone and increases the solvent and ion uptake significantly. Thus, this effort provides a clear picture of the mass transfer and doping mechanism of the ProDOT‐based radical polymers to aid in guiding their future design.
Twisting D(2,1; α) Superspace
Authors: Andrianopoli L. , Cerchiai B.L. , Matrecano R. , Noris R. , Ravera L. , Trigiante M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe develop a three‐dimensionaltheory of rigid supersymmetry describing the dynamics of a set of hypermultipletson a curved AdS3worldvolume background, whose supersymmetry is captured by the supergroup. To unveil some remarkable features of this model, we perform two twists, involving the SLfactors of the theory. After the first twist, our spacetime Lagrangian exhibits a Chern‐Simons term associated with an odd one‐form field, together with a fermionic “gauge‐fixing”, in the spirit of the Rozansky‐Witten model. The second twist allows to interpret thesetup as a framework capable of describing massive Dirac particles. In particular, this yields a generalisation of the Alvarez‐Valenzuela‐Zanelli model of “unconventional supersymmetry”. We comment on specific values of the combination, which in our model is related to a sort of gauging in the absence of dynamical gauge fields.
MEX3D is an oncogenic driver in prostate cancer
Authors: Shao Longjiang , Wang Jianghua , Karatas Omer , Ittmann Michael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundProstate cancer (PCa) is the most common visceral malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in US men. The two most common genetic alterations in PCa are expression of the TMPRSS2/ERG (TE) fusion gene and loss of the PTEN tumor suppressor. These genetic alterations act cooperatively to transform prostatic epithelium but the exact mechanisms involved are unclear.MethodsMicroarray expression analysis of immortalized prostate epithelial cells transformed by loss of PTEN and expression of the TE fusion revealed MEX3D as one of the most highly upregulated genes. MEX3D expression in prostate cancer was examined in patient samples and in silico. In vitro and in vivo studies to characterize the biological impact of MEX3D were carried out. Analysis of the TCGA PanCancer database revealed TCF3 as a major target of MEX3D. The induction of TCF3 by MEX3D was confirmed and the biological impact of TCF3 examined by in vitro studies.ResultsMEX3D is expressed at increased levels in prostate cancer and is increased by decreased PTEN and/or expression of the TE fusion gene and drives soft agar colony formation, invasion and tumor formation in vivo. The known oncogenic transcription factor TCF3 is highly correlated with MEX3D in prostate cancer. MEX3D expression strongly induces TCF3, which promotes soft agar colony formation and invasion in vitro.ConclusionsLoss of PTEN and expression of the TE fusion gene in prostate cancer strongly upregulates expression of MEX3D and its target TCF3 and promotes transformation associated phenotypes via this pathway.
Mapping co‐regulatory interactions among ligand‐binding sites in ryanodine receptor 1
Authors: Chirasani Venkat R. , Popov Konstantin I. , Meissner Gerhard , Dokholyan Nikolay V. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRyanodine receptor 1 (RyR1) is an intracellular calcium ion (Ca2+) release channel required for skeletal muscle contraction. Although cryo‐electron microscopy identified binding sites of three coactivators Ca2+, ATP, and caffeine (CFF), the mechanism of co‐regulation and synergy of these activators is unknown. Here, we report allosteric connections among the three ligand‐binding sites and pore region in (i) Ca2+ bound‐closed, (ii) ATP/CFF bound‐closed, (iii) Ca2+/ATP/CFF bound‐closed, and (iv) Ca2+/ATP/CFF bound‐open RyR1 states. We identified two dominant networks of interactions that mediate communication between the Ca2+‐binding site and pore region in Ca2+ bound‐closed state, which partially overlapped with the pore communications in ATP/CFF bound‐closed RyR1 state. In Ca2+/ATP/CFF bound‐closed and ‐open RyR1 states, co‐regulatory interactions were analogous to communications in the Ca2+ bound‐closed and ATP/CFF bound‐closed states. Both ATP‐ and CFF‐binding sites mediate communication between the Ca2+‐binding site and the pore region in Ca2+/ATP/CFF bound—open RyR1 structure. We conclude that Ca2+, ATP, and CFF propagate their effects to the pore region through a network of overlapping interactions that mediate allosteric control and molecular synergy in channel regulation.
RF‐SVM: Identification ofDNA‐binding proteins based on comprehensive feature representation methods and support vector machine
Authors: Zhang Yanping , Ni Jianwei , Gao Ya 
Published: August 2021

AbstractProtein‐DNA interactions play an important role in biological progress, such as DNA replication, repair, and modification processes. In order to have a better understanding of its functions, the one of the most important steps is the identification of DNA‐binding proteins. We propose a DNA‐binding protein predictor, namely, RF‐SVM, which contains four types features, that is, pseudo amino acid composition (PseAAC), amino acid distribution (AAD), adjacent amino acid composition frequency (ACF) and Local‐DPP. Random Forest algorithm is utilized for selecting top 174 features, which are established the predictor model with the support vector machine (SVM) on training dataset UniSwiss‐Tr. Finally, RF‐SVM method is compared with other existing methods on test dataset UniSwiss‐Tst. The experimental results demonstrated that RF‐SVM has accuracy of 84.25%. Meanwhile, we discover that the physicochemical properties of amino acids for OOBM770101(H), CIDH920104(H), MIYS990104(H), NISK860101(H), VINM940103(H), and SNEP660101(A) have contribution to predict DNA‐binding proteins. The main code and datasets can gain inhttps://github.com/NiJianWei996/RF-SVM.
Effects of itol A on the larval growth and development of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Xu Lin , Meng Xiao‐Long , Bangash Saqib Hussain , Zhang Fan , Zeng Dong‐Qiang , Tang Wen‐Wei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDItol A, extracted from Itoa orientalis Hemsl. (Flacourtiaceae), possesses bioactivity on Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). Our previous study showed that the effects on Spodoptera frugiperda, a destructive pest found worldwide, were similar to those of fenoxycarb (FC), a juvenile hormone analog. Thus, we speculate that itol A could have growth‐regulating effects. The current work explored juvenile hormone (JH) levels and mRNA levels of crucial JH signaling pathway enzyme genes in S. frugiperda larvae treated with itol A and FC.RESULTSItol A caused severe growth obstacles in S. frugiperda, extended the larval duration and reduced the mean worm weight and body length rates. Three and 7 days after exposure to a sublethal concentration of itol A (500 mg L−1), the JH level of the larvae significantly decreased by 36.59% and 22.70%, respectively. qPCR inferred that the mRNA expression levels of crucial JH metabolism enzymes (SfJHE and SfJHEH) significantly increased by 6.58‐fold and 2.12‐fold, respectively, relative to the control group 3 days after treatment.CONCLUSIONSItol A adversely affects the development of S. frugiperda. We propose that this effect was caused by decreasing JH levels and disrupting the JH signaling pathway via mediating its synthetic and metabolic crucial enzymes. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Density thresholds and the incorporation of biocontrol into decision‐making to enhance the control of Cacopsylla pyri in pear (cv. Ercolini) orchards
Authors: Sanchez Juan A , Carrasco‐Ortiz Aline , López‐Gallego Elena , Ramírez‐Soria Maria J , La Spina Michelangelo , Ortín‐Angulo María C , Ibáñez‐Martínez Helena 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDEconomic injury level (EIL) and economic threshold (ET) are customary tools for integrated pest management. Cacopsylla pyri L. is a major pest in pear orchards. The aim of this work was to establish EIL and ET for the optimization of the use of insecticides to control this psyllid, considering biocontrol and two spraying strategies (low‐toxicity versus broad spectrum chemicals). This research was conducted over 4 years in five commercial pear, cv. Ercolini, orchards in south‐eastern Spain.RESULTSPsyllids and ant populations were followed using periodic sampling, and the russet on fruits was quantified. The effect of spray intensity and ant exclusion on psyllid abundance and yield were also tested: both had a significant effect on the cumulative number of C. pyri (CNP), yield and fruit weight. Yield was found to be negatively correlated with CNP. The russet index (RI) increased in a sigmoidal fashion as a function of CNP, being significantly higher with than without ant exclusion. The commercial categorization of fruits was explained satisfactorily as a function of CNP and the cumulative number of ants (CNA). The quantitative EIL was established at a CNP of 427.2 for spraying with paraffinic oil and 425.7 for abamectin. As for the cosmetic EIL, when CNA was zero, this EIL was 24.2, at a CNP of 16.6 for spraying with paraffinic oil or abamectin.CONCLUSIONSThe use of products of low toxicity, for the conservation of ants, is expected to increase ET and, thus, reduce the intensity of spraying. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Precision dosing of intravenous busulfan in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Results from a multicenter population pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Ben Hassine Khalil , Nava Tiago , Théoret Yves , Nath Christa E. , Daali Youssef , Kassir Nastya , Lewis Victor , Bredius Robbert G. M. , Shaw Peter J. , Bittencourt Henrique , Krajinovic Maja , Uppugunduri Chakradhara Rao Satyanarayana , Ansari Marc 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBusulfan (Bu) is a common component of conditioning regimens before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and is known for high interpatient pharmacokinetic (PK) variability. This study aimed to develop and externally validate a multicentric, population PK (PopPK) model for intravenous Bu in pediatric patients before HSCT to first study the influence of glutathione‐s‐transferase A1 (GSTA1) polymorphisms on Bu's PK in a large multicentric pediatric population while accounting for fludarabine (Flu) coadministration and, second, to establish an individualized, model‐based, first‐dose recommendation for intravenous Bu that can be widely used in pediatric patients. The model was built using data from 302 patients from five transplantation centers who received a Bu‐based conditioning regimen. External model validation used data from 100 patients. The relationship between body weight and Bu clearance (CL) was best described by an age‐dependent allometric scaling of a body weight model. A stepwise covariate analysis identified Day 1 of Bu conditioning, GSTA1 metabolic groups based on GSTA1 polymorphisms, and Flu coadministration as significant covariates influencing Bu CL. The final model adequately predicted Bu first‐dose CL in the external cohort, with 81% of predicted area under the curves within the therapeutic window. The final model showed minimal bias (mean prediction error, −0.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI], −3.1% to 2.0%) and acceptable precision (mean absolute prediction error percentage, 18.7%; 95% CI, 17.0%–20.5%) in Bu CL prediction for dosing. This multicentric PopPK study confirmed the influence of GSTA1 polymorphisms and Flu coadministration on Bu CL. The developed model accurately predicted Bu CL and first doses in an external cohort of pediatric patients.
RNA‐binding protein RBM38 inhibits colorectal cancer progression by partly and competitively binding to PTEN 3′UTR with miR‐92a‐3p
Authors: Guan Bugao , Li Guangrun , Wan Benhai , Guo Xiang , Huang Desong , Ma Jun , Gong Ping , Guo Jinbao , Bu Yanzhi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRNA‐binding motif protein 38 (RBM38) belongs to the RNA recognition motif family of RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs). RBM38 was previously identified to suppress tumorigenesis in colorectal cancer (CRC). RBM38 was also reported to bind to the 3′UTR of phosphatase and tensin homolog gene on chromosome 10 (PTEN), a tumor suppressor involved in many cellular processes, to stabilize PTEN transcripts. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the regulation of RBM38 in CRC. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting detected the expression of RBM38, PTEN, and miR‐92a‐3p. Colony formation, EdU, sphere formation, Transwell invasion, and in vivo assays examined the influence of RBM38 on CRC progression. Furthermore, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay determined the binding site of RBM38 on PTEN 3′UTR. The binding of miR‐92a‐3p or RBM38 on PTEN 3′UTR was assessed by luciferase reporter and RIP assays. We discovered that RBM38 was downregulated in CRC cells and tissues. RBM38 repressed CRC progression in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, RBM38 upregulated and stabilized PTEN expression. Interestingly, the overexpression of PTEN reversely attenuated the promotion of RBM38 depletion on CRC progression. Additionally, RBM38 competed with miR‐92a‐3p in binding to PTEN 3′UTR. In conclusion, RBM38 inhibits CRC progression by competitively binding to PTEN 3′UTR with miR‐92a‐3p.
Correlation of oxidative stress‐related indicators with milk composition and metabolites in early lactating dairy cows
Authors: Zheng Sen , Qin Guixin , Zhen Yuguo , Zhang Xuefeng , Chen Xue , Dong Jianan , Li Chunlai , Aschalew Natnael Demelash , Wang Tao , Sun Zhe 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn highly intensive dairy farms, cows often suffer from metabolic disorders that cause severe oxidative stress.ObjectivesThis study aimed to observe correlations and associations of oxidative stress‐related indicators with milk compositions and metabolites.MethodsTwenty‐two multiparous Holstein dairy cows in early lactation were randomly selected from a commercial dairy farm. The morning milk was collected for composition and metabolites analysis. Blood was sampled via the tail vein to analyze oxidative stress‐related indicators (reactive oxygen species, ROS; catalase, CAT; superoxide dismutase, SOD; glutathione peroxidase, GPX; malondialdehyde, MDA) and metabolites.ResultsResults showed that ROS were positively correlated with CAT, GPX, SOD, and MDA. However, the levels of CAT, GPX, and SOD were negatively related to milk fat (P < 0.05). Nineteen serum and 7 milk metabolites were selected from detectable metabolites according to their correlations with ROS, CAT, GPX, and SOD (P < 0.05). Metabolic pathway analysis and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database revealed that these metabolites are primarily involved in the metabolic pathways of carbohydrates and amino acids.ConclusionsThis study gave us a better understanding on oxidative stress that ROS not only increased oxidative damage (MDA) in dairy cows, but also altered some metabolites involved in amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism.