bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic Characterization of Zinc and Iron Rich Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Lines of Rice
Authors: Mashiat S , Ivy NA , Rasul MG , Haque MM , Raihan MS 
Published: January 2021

A total of 23 cytoplasmic male sterile (A) lines with their corresponding maintainer (B) lines of rice were used for the experiment. The experiment was carried out in completely randomized block design with two replications in the experimental field of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur during Aman season 2017. A total of 13 characters were studied. BRRI 1A, IR 62 A and IR 68888 A had shown both the earliness and dwarfness character. The higher yield per plant was obtained from Gan 46 A, Straw A, Sugundhi dhan 2A, IR 68888 A and BRRI 1A. Zinc and Iron content of phenotypically best performed rice genotypes were determined in brown condition by using X-Ray Fluorescence technique (XRF). Small differences between Genotypic and Phenotypic coefficient of variation were recorded for all the characters studied which indicated less influence of environment in expression of the characters. Correlation study revealed that selection based on weight of filled grain per panicle, thousand grain weight and number of grains per panicle would be effective for increasing grain yield per plant. Path co-efficient study showed that direct selection based on weight of filled grain per panicle and number of effective tiller per plant would be indicator for yield improvement. Considering yield and studied characters IR 58 A, IR 62 A, IR 68888 A, Gan 46 A and BRRI 1A could be used as cytoplasmic male sterile line which is enriched with zinc and iron.
Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2019) 23(2) : 105-114
Nuevo puente sobre el río Paraguay en Asunción
Authors: Carrillo Alonso Luis , Ruiz-Ruano Álvarez Jaime B. , Marín Díaz Manuel J. 
Published: January 2021

El Gobierno de Paraguay, en vistas del crecimiento de la ciudad y de la saturación del tráfico rodado sobre el único puente existente sobre el río Paraguay, ha decidido proyectar un nuevo cruce.
El cauce del río Paraguay cuenta con un ancho en época de estiaje de unos 700m, el cual puede aumentar en época de lluvias a unos 1500m, debiéndose además respetar un tramo central navegable de 150x30m. El volumen del tráfico a soportar implicaba disponer un tablero de 28’50m de ancho. Estos condicionantes planteaban la necesidad de una estructura que se dividía en tres tramos diferenciados: un primer tramo de acceso desde Asunción, el puente principal sobre el cauce navegable y un tramo de acceso desde la orilla opuesta a Asunción sobre la zona inundable del río.
En fases preliminares del estudio se analizaron alternativas para el vano principal: tableros sección cajón sencillo o dobles para ejecución por voladizos, celosías metálicas empujadas, tableros extradosados y puentes atirantados de pilono sencillo o doble.
Las alternativas que se juzgaron más adecuadas fueron el tablero en sección cajón con un vano principal de 180 m de luz y el puente atirantado de doble pilono y 260 m de luz.
La primera alternativa presentaba un esquema de luces de 90+180+90m. La sección adoptada consistía en un cajón con un núcleo de 10’60 m de ancho el cual se ampliaba hasta los 28’45m necesarios de plataforma mediante el uso de jabalcones. Los cantos previstos eran un mínimo de 4’00 m en centro del vano principal y de 9’00 m sobre las pilas intermedias.
La alternativa atirantada, finalmente seleccionada, se conformaba por un tablero de hormigón de canto constante de 2’45 m, suspendido de sus bordes mediante dos familias de cables en semiarpa que acometían contra un pilono en diamante con fuste central único.
Puente de Colonia-Mülheim sobre el Rin: equilibrio entre la conservación del patrimonio y las estrategias de renovación de estructuras existentes
Authors: Müller Michael , Eilzer Wolfgang , Rodriguez Rafael , Kratzke Bastian 
Published: January 2021

Today the total length of the federal trunk highway roads in Germany is about 50,000 km being one of the densest traffic in whole Europe. Among these are approximately 40,000 bridges with a total area of 30 million. Square meters. Fifty percent of these bridges were built in the years between 1960 to 1980.
At that time these bridges were mainly designed according to German Standard DIN 1072 for bridge class SLW 60 (60 ton truck). Based on the traffic given at those times, no fatigue checks were required. This assumption seemed fair enough because the massive increase, especially in heavy traffic, could not have been anticipated.
Since the mid-20th century until our days, the bridges over the river Rhine have set a milestone on the history of bridge engineering. Some contributions from the team led by Fritz Leonhardt and Wolfhart Andrä, such as the Cologne-Rodenkirchen suspension bridge, the series of steel bridges with continuous webs developed in the 60´s decade, the Düsseldorf cable stayed bridges family, the widenings and retrofitings of the 80´s decade, or the most recent contributions, encompass widely different typologies and periods and provide valuable learnings. Their preservation, retrofit or eventual replace if necessary, entail an important challenge for the present and future.
The starting point of such a strengthening or eventual replacement is always the assessment of the existing bridge under consideration of its actual condition, the prognosticated loads and requirements of future utilization. This assessment process and rating of existing structures was regulated by the German government in 2012 in the “Nachrechnungs”- guidelines. The result of such an assessment is the basis of any further decision about the future of a structure, whether it will be rehabilitated, retrofitted or replaced.

The presentation will focus on the experiences gained under the new guideline and the wide range of engineering services involved in such a rehabilitation planning, using the examples of the Suspension bridges over the River Rhine at Emmerich and Köln-Mühlheim, and will show the specific experience gained through these strengthening projects, but also a short overview about the new cable-stayed bridges in Leverkusen and Duisburg that are built under the premise to maintain traffic for 2 of the most importante highways in Germany.
LA La Catedral de La Laguna: Una obra pionera en el uso del hormigón armado en España, 1904-1913
Authors: Ventura Rod´ríguez Hugo Alberto , Mirallave Izquierdo Vicente , Flores Medina Nelson 
Published: January 2021

En el año 1904 comienza el proceso para reconstruir la Catedral de La Laguna. La falta de arquitectoscon conocimientos de la técnica del cemento armado obligó al Cabildo Catedralicio a contratar a uningeniero militar. El teniente Rodrigo-Vallabriga a asume el reto de proyectar y coonstruir un templo en cemento armado, convirtiéndose en el pionero del hormigón en Canarias. La catedral se pudo hacer en un tiempo record, solo ocho años. La escasez de recubrimientos, una inadecuada puesta en obra y un incorrecto mantenimiento obligaron a su demolición al siglo de su construcción. Esta obra pionera abrió el camino al hormigón armado en Canarias.
Prognostic Value of Total Bilirubin in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Coronary Intervention
Authors: Zhao Xiaoxiao , Wang Ying , Liu Chen , Zhou Peng , Sheng Zhaoxue , Li Jiannan , Zhou Jinying , Chen Runzhen , Chen Yi , Zhao Hanjun , Yan Hongbing 
Published: January 2021

Background: Bilirubin, a natural product of heme catabolism, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and is inversely associated with stable coronary artery disease. However, the relationship between the bilirubin levels and long-term outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) remains unknown. This study aimed to establish a score model based on bilirubin for predicting major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and stratify patients to the level of care.Methods and Results: Data of 4,151 consecutive patients with STEMI who underwent PPCI were evaluated, and 3,708 cases were analyzed. The total bilirubin (TBil) levels were measured during admission, and the study population was divided into two groups. The high TBil group (n = 143) comprised patients who had a TBil level of ≥22 μmmol/L, and the low TBil group (n = 3,565) comprised patients who had a TBil level of &lt;22 μmmol/L. The median follow-up period was 754 days (2.066 years). The MACE was significantly lower in the high TBil group than in the low TBil group (3.5% vs. 11.0%, p = 0.001). In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, a significant association was noted between the TBil levels and adjusted risk of MACE (hazard ratio, 0.279; 95% confidence interval, 0.088–0.877; p = 0.029). A prediction score model composed of TBil, age, hypertension history, and other eight variables was developed, with scores ranging from 0 to 500. The scores categorized patients into low-, medium-, and high-risk categories. The cumulative survival rate was significantly higher in the low-risk group than in the medium- and high-risk groups for MACE, all-cause death, cardiac death, recurrent myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke (p &lt; 0.001, p &lt; 0.001, p &lt; 0.001, p = 0.030, and p = 0.001, respectively). The area under the curve of the TBil score was 0.768; this was significantly greater in the pairwise comparison with the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events score (p = 0.0012).Conclusion: The new prediction score model based on TBil could be used in clinical practice to support risk stratification as recommended in the clinical guidelines.
Applying Artificial Intelligence Methods for the Estimation of Disease Incidence: The Utility of Language Models
Authors: Zhang Yuanzhao , Walecki Robert , Winter Joanne R. , Bragman Felix J. S. , Lourenco Sara , Hart Christopher , Baker Adam , Perov Yura , Johri Saurabh 
Published: January 2021

Background:AI-driven digital health tools often rely on estimates of disease incidence or prevalence, but obtaining these estimates is costly and time-consuming. We explored the use of machine learning models that leverage contextual information about diseases from unstructured text, to estimate disease incidence.Methods:We used a class of machine learning models, called language models, to extract contextual information relating to disease incidence. We evaluated three different language models: BioBERT, Global Vectors for Word Representation (GloVe), and the Universal Sentence Encoder (USE), as well as an approach which uses all jointly. The output of these models is a mathematical representation of the underlying data, known as “embeddings.” We used these to train neural network models to predict disease incidence. The neural networks were trained and validated using data from the Global Burden of Disease study, and tested using independent data sourced from the epidemiological literature.Findings:A variety of language models can be used to encode contextual information of diseases. We found that, on average, BioBERT embeddings were the best for disease names across multiple tasks. In particular, BioBERT was the best performing model when predicting specific disease-country pairs, whilst a fusion model combining BioBERT, GloVe, and USE performed best on average when predicting disease incidence in unseen countries. We also found that GloVe embeddings performed better than BioBERT embeddings when applied to country names. However, we also noticed that the models were limited in view of predicting previously unseen diseases. Further limitations were also observed with substantial variations across age groups and notably lower performance for diseases that are highly dependent on location and climate.Interpretation:We demonstrate that context-aware machine learning models can be used for estimating disease incidence. This method is quicker to implement than traditional epidemiological approaches. We therefore suggest it complements existing modeling efforts, where data is required more rapidly or at larger scale. This may particularly benefit AI-driven digital health products where the data will undergo further processing and a validated approximation of the disease incidence is adequate.
Pan-Cancer Analysis of Head-to-Head Gene Pairs in Terms of Transcriptional Activity, Co-expression and Regulation
Authors: Chen Yunqin , Li Hong , Li Yuan-Yuan , Li Yixue 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundHead-to-Head (H2H) gene pairs are regulated by bidirectional promoters and divergently transcribed from opposite DNA strands with transcription start sites (TSSs) separated within 1 kb. H2H organization is ancient and conserved, and H2H pairs tend to exhibit similar expression patterns. Although some H2H genes have been reported to be associated with disease and cancer, there is a lack of systematic studies on H2H organization in the scenario of cancer development.MethodsHuman H2H gene pairs were identified based on GENCODE hg19 and the functional relevance of H2H pairs was explored through function enrichment and semantic similarity analysis. To investigate the association between H2H organization and carcinogenesis, pan-cancer differential analysis of H2H genes about transcriptional activity, co-expression and transcriptional regulation by transcription factors and enhancers were performed based on data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Cox proportional hazards regression model and log-rank test were used to determine the prognostic powers of H2H pairs.ResultsIn the present study, we first updated H2H genes from 1,447 to 3,150 pairs, from which the peak group with TSS distance of 1–100 was observed as expected in our previous work. It was found that housekeeping genes, mitochondrial-functional associated genes and cancer genes tend to be organized in H2H arrangement. Pan-cancer analysis indicates that H2H genes are transcriptionally active than random genes in both normal and cancer tissues, but H2H pairs display higher correlation in cancer than in normal. Particularly, housekeeping H2H pairs are differentially correlated much more significantly than non-housekeeping H2H pairs are. Some of differentially correlated H2H pairs were found to be associated with prognosis. The alteration of TF similarity seems to contribute to differential co-expression of H2H pairs during carcinogenesis; meanwhile remote enhancers also at least partly explain the differential co-expression and co-regulation of H2H pairs.ConclusionH2H pairs tend to show much stronger positive expression correlation in cancer than in normal due to differential regulation of bidirectional promoters. The study provides insights into the significance of H2H organization in carcinogenesis and the underlying dysfunctional regulation mechanisms. Those differentially correlated H2H pairs associated with survival have the potential to be prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer.
Serum Metabolomic Profiling in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients With Interstitial Lung Disease: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Furukawa Hiroshi , Oka Shomi , Shimada Kota , Okamoto Akira , Hashimoto Atsushi , Komiya Akiko , Saisho Koichiro , Yoshikawa Norie , Katayama Masao , Matsui Toshihiro , Fukui Naoshi , Migita Kiyoshi , Tohma Shigeto 
Published: January 2021

Objectives: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is an extra-articular manifestation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), detected in 10.7% of patients, and causing a poor prognosis. Hence, biomarkers for ILD are urgently required in RA. Low molecular weight metabolites can be assessed by metabolomic analyses, and although these have been conducted in RA and in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, few have been carried out for ILD in the context of RA. Therefore, we analyzed serum metabolomic profiles of ILD in RA to identify novel biomarkers.Methods: Serum samples from 100 RA patients with ILD and 100 matched RA patients without chronic lung disease (CLD) were collected. These samples were subjected to metabolomic analyses using capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry.Results: A total of 299 metabolites were detected in the metabolomic analysis. By univariate analysis, serum levels of decanoic acid and morpholine were lower in RA with ILD (false discovery rate Q = 1.87 × 10−11 and 7.09 × 10−6, respectively), and glycerol was higher (Q = 1.20 × 10−6), relative to RA without CLD. Serum levels of these metabolites in RA with usual interstitial pneumonia or RA with non-specific interstitial pneumonia were also altered. The partial least squares-discriminant analysis model generated from these three metabolites could successfully discriminate ILD in RA (area under the curve: 0.919, 95% confidence interval: 0.867–0.968, sensitivity 0.880, specificity 0.780).Conclusions: Serum levels of some metabolites were significantly different in RA with ILD compared with RA without CLD. It is concluded that metabolomic profiling will be useful for discovering candidate screening biomarkers for ILD in RA.
The Effects of Earthworms on Fungal Diversity and Community Structure in Farmland Soil With Returned Straw
Authors: Song Ke , Sun Yafei , Qin Qin , Sun Lijuan , Zheng Xianqing , Terzaghi William , Lv Weiguang , Xue Yong 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundTo promote the decomposition of returned straw, reduce the incidence of soil-borne diseases caused by returned straw, and accelerate the conversion of straw carbon into soil carbon, we inoculated earthworms into fields with returned straw. The earthworms accelerated straw degradation and promoted carbon conversion. However, the impact of externally inoculated earthworms on the farmland soil ecosystem, especially the structure and the function of its microbial community, remains unclear.MethodsWe analyzed the effects of straw return and earthworms on the diversity of fungal populations and the community structure of dominant fungal taxa in soil by quantifying fungal population size and community composition via PCR amplification of internal transcribed spacer genes and 18S rRNA gene sequencing.ResultsThe results showed that earthworm inoculation significantly accelerated the degradation of rice straw and promoted the conversion of straw carbon to soil carbon. Both fungal abundance and α-diversity (Sobs and Shannon indices) were higher in the plots with surface straw but without earthworms than in those inoculated with earthworms and in the CK. Principal component analysis indicated that straw return increased the diversity and the abundance of the fungal community, whereas earthworms inhibited this expansion of the fungal community caused by straw return. Interestingly, the overall differences in fungal community composition were smallest in plots with straw return, while the dominant fungal community features in plots inoculated with earthworms were closer to those of the CK.ConclusionGenerally, straw return stimulated unclassified_K_fungi, Pseudeurotium, and Fusarium with strong cellulolytic ability. In contrast, the abundances of Stachybotrys, unclassified_c_Sordariomycetes, unclassified_f_Lasiosphaeriaceae, and Schizothecium were higher in the plots inoculated with earthworms and in the CK. Furthermore, evolutionary analysis showed that the evolution of soil fungal communities tended to diverge after straw return, and the evolutionary directions of fungal species in the plots inoculated with earthworms were similar to those in the CK.
Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporters-1 Inhibitors Act as Anti-epileptic Agents by Inhibiting Glutamatergic Transmission
Authors: Ho Shih-Yin , Chen I-Chun , Chang Kai-Chieh , Lin Hsiao-Ru , Tsai Che-Wen , Lin Chun-Jung , Liou Horng-Huei 
Published: January 2021

Background and Purpose: Adenosine dysregulation is associated with the occurrence of the epilepsy and equilibrative nucleoside transporters-1 (ENT-1) functions as an important regulator of extracellular adenosine in the brain. This study was aimed to prove the anti-epileptic effect of BBB permeable ENT-1 inhibitors, JMF1907 and J4, on animal models of various epilepsy, and the mechanisms that are involved.Experimental Approach: Maximal electroshock seizure (MES), pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizure and kindling models were used as mouse models of generalized tonic-clonic epilepsy, generalized myoclonic epilepsy, and partial epilepsy, respectively. The epilepsy frequency, duration, and Racine score were evaluated. Whole-cell recordings were made from the hippocampal dentate granule cells by using a patch-clamp technique in the brain slice of the mice.Key Results: In MES, JMF1907 at a dose of 5 mg kg–1 was efficacious in decreasing hindlimb extension, while J4 did not decrease hindlimb extension until a higher dose (10 mg kg–1). Both JMF1907 and J4 were more potent in lengthening onset latency than ethosuximide (ETH) in PTZ-induced myoclonic epilepsy model, whereas ETH had better effects on the Racine score. In kindling model, JMF1907 and J4 at a dose of 1 mg kg–1 had effects on seizure frequency and duration, and the effects of JMF1907 were comparable with those of carbamazepine. Both JMF1907 and J4 can reduce the glutamatergic spontaneous excitatory post-synaptic currents (sEPSCs) frequency. The maximal inhibition was about 50% for JMF1907 at a concentration of 1 μg L–1, whereas J4 only inhibited 40% of sEPSCs frequency at a dose of 10 μg L–1.Conclusion and Implications: ENT-1 inhibitors, JMF1907 and J4, showed anti-epileptic effects in different epilepsy models and the effects involved pre-synaptic neuronal modulation.
Increased Right Frontal Brain Activity During the Mandarin Hearing-in-Noise Test
Authors: Song Fengxiang , Zhan Yi , Ford James C. , Cai Dan-Chao , Fellows Abigail M. , Shan Fei , Song Pengrui , Chen Guochao , Soli Sigfrid D. , Shi Yuxin , Buckey Jay C. 
Published: January 2021

PurposePrevious studies have revealed increased frontal brain activation during speech comprehension in background noise. Few, however, used tonal languages. The normal pattern of brain activation during a challenging speech-in-nose task using a tonal language remains unclear. The Mandarin Hearing-in-Noise Test (HINT) is a well-established test for assessing the ability to interpret speech in background noise. The current study used Mandarin HINT (MHINT) sentences and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess brain activation with MHINT sentences.MethodsThirty native Mandarin-speaking subjects with normal peripheral hearing were recruited. Functional MRI was performed while subjects were presented with either HINT “clear” sentences with low-level background noise [signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) = +3 dB] or “noisy” sentences with high-level background noise (SNR = −5 dB). Subjects were instructed to answer with a button press whether a visually presented target word was included in the sentence. Brain activation between noisy and clear sentences was compared. Activation in each condition was also compared to a resting, no sentence presentation, condition.ResultsNoisy sentence comprehension showed increased activity in areas associated with tone processing and working memory, including the right superior and middle frontal gyri [Brodmann Areas (BAs) 46, 10]. Reduced activity with noisy sentences was seen in auditory, language, memory and somatosensory areas, including the bilateral superior and middle temporal gyri, left Heschl’s gyrus (BAs 21, 22), right temporal pole (BA 38), bilateral amygdala-hippocampus junction, and parahippocampal gyrus (BAs 28, 35), left inferior parietal lobule extending to left postcentral gyrus (BAs 2, 40), and left putamen.ConclusionIncreased frontal activation in the right hemisphere occurred when comprehending noisy spoken sentences in Mandarin. Compared to studies using non-tonal languages, this activation was strongly right-sided and involved subregions not previously reported. These findings may reflect additional effort in lexical tone perception in this tonal language. Additionally, this continuous fMRI protocol may offer a time-efficient way to assess group differences in brain activation with a challenging speech-in-noise task.