bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of COVID-19 on Patients With Cancer
Authors: Rodriguez Gladys M. , Ferguson Jacqueline M. , Kurian Allison , Bondy Melissa , Patel Manali I. 
Published: September 2021

Objectives:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic abruptly disrupted cancer care. The impact of these disruptions on patient experiences remain relatively understudied. The objective of this study was to assess patients’ perspectives regarding the impact of COVID-19 on their experiences, including their cancer care, emotional and mental health, and social determinants of health, and to evaluate whether these outcomes differed by cancer stage.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a survey among adults with cancer across the United States from April 1, 2020 to August 26, 2020 using virtual snowball sampling strategy in collaboration with professional organizations, cancer care providers, and patient advocacy groups. We analyzed data using descriptive statistics, χ2 and t tests.

Results:
Three hundred twelve people with cancer participated and represented 38 states. The majority were non-Hispanic White (n=183; 58.7%) and female (n=177; 56.7%) with median age of 57 years. Ninety-one percent spoke English at home, 70.1% had health insurance, and 67% had access to home internet. Breast cancer was the most common diagnosis (n=67; 21.5%). Most had Stage 4 disease (n=80; 25.6%). Forty-six percent (n=145) experienced a change in their care due to COVID-19. Sixty percent (n=187) reported feeling very or extremely concerned that the pandemic would affect their cancer and disproportionately experienced among those with advanced cancer stages compared with earlier stages (P<0.001). Fifty-two percent (n=162) reported impact of COVID-19 on 1 or more aspects of social determinants of health with disproportionate impact among those with advanced cancer stages compared with earlier stages.

Conclusions:
COVID-19 impacted the care and well-being of patients with cancer and this impact was more pronounced among people with advanced cancer stages. Future work should consider tailored interventions to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on patients with cancer.
Recent clinical trials in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Flautt Thomas , Valderrábano Miguel 
Published: September 2021

Purpose of review
Management of atrial fibrillation can be overwhelming with the amount of information and treatment options available today. This review discusses landmark and other clinically relevant trials published in the last 18 months.

Recent findings
There have been several recent key clinical trials and subanalyses in the field of atrial fibrillation. Early rhythm control with ablation or antiarrhythmic medications has upended the previous practice of rate control for patients with atrial fibrillation. Vein of Marshall alcohol ablation in combination with endocardial mitral annular ablation and a hybrid epicardial/endocardial approach has shown promising results in the fight against persistent atrial fibrillation. Early ablation with cryoballoon therapy vs. antiarrhythmic therapy gives further evidence for early ablation in patients with symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.

Summary
The rapid development in technology and medications to treat atrial fibrillation, prevent stroke and improve quality of life for patients has created a vast amount of information for physicians to process. The present review will focus on the recent (within 2 years) clinical trials in atrial fibrillation and the impact they may have on your practice.
Identification of the Obstetric Factors Increasing Tendency to Smoking Cessation During Pregnancy
Authors: Avcibay Vurgec Burcu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Cigarette, one of the various forms of tobacco, is the most commonly used tobacco product in Turkey and in the world. Cigarette has several negative effects on general health and is a major problem in the pregnancy period. This study aims to identify pregnancy-related factors that affect the tendency to smoking cessation and their effect levels in pregnant women who continue to smoke during pregnancy.

Method
The sample of this descriptive and cross-sectional study was 430 pregnant women who smoked. Data were collected through an original interview form and face-to-face interviews. Data analysis was performed using chi-square, independent t test, and multiple logistic regression model in terms of demographic, obstetric, maternal, and fetal features.

Results
The average number of cigarettes smoked before pregnancy was 13.28 ± 8.62, whereas the average number of cigarettes smoked during pregnancy was 6.60 ± 7.64. The tendency to decrease smoking increases 2.8 times (OR = 2.825, 95% CI [1.631, 4.895]) with the number of pregnancies and approximately 2 times in case of a planned pregnancy (OR = 1.946, 95% CI [1.076, 3.520]). The frequency of having prenatal visits showed a weak but significant relationship with the number of abortuses and the number of living children.

Conclusions
Developing a risk map in line with the findings of the study and considering the obstetric features of smoking women could enable to hypothesize about the types of behaviors in smoking in the following processes of pregnancy. With the precautions to be taken, the negative effects of smoking on maternal and fetal health could be prevented or minimized.
The feasibility and efficacy of catheterizable stoma's in adults
Authors: Beels Elodie , Thiruchelvam Nikesh , Van der Aa Frank 
Published: September 2021

Purpose of review
A continent vesicostomy represents a useful alternative for adult patients with impaired bladder emptying who are unable to perform clean intermittent (self-) catheterization through the urethra. In a pediatric setting, there exists a vast experience in these procedures. But experience with continent catheterizable vesicostomies is less abundant in adult patients. We want to give an overview and discuss recent literature about catheterizable conduits in the adult population.

Recent findings
Adult patients who undergo continent vesicostomy comprise a diverse cohort. Because of this very heterogeneous population, it can be difficult to make an objective analysis and draw conclusions on both the success rate and complication rate of these diversions. We will discuss short- and long-term surgical outcomes and changes in quality of life after the procedure in these patients.

Summary
A continent vesicostomy is a valuable and durable reconstructive technique for adult patients with impaired bladder emptying. Surgery can be challenging and a better knowledge of complications can help with patient counseling. In the future we hope that minimally invasive surgery will decrease the morbidity of such surgery and hopefully also improve functional outcomes and diminish the complication rate.
Toxin‐Producing Klebsiella oxytoca in Healthy Infants
Authors: Greimel Theresa M. , Stampfer Laura , Leitner Eva , Kienesberger Sabine , Zechner Ellen L. , Bozic Michael , Wagner Gabriel E. , Unterhauser Katrin , Kitsera Maksym , Hauer Almuthe C. , Gorkiewicz Gregor , Wurm Philipp , Valitutti Francesco , Högenauer Christoph , Hoffmann Karl Martin 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTObjectives:Klebsiella oxytoca is a gastrointestinal pathobiont with the potential to produce the toxins tilivalline and tilimycin, which cause antibiotic‐associated hemorrhagic colitis. Overgrowth of toxigenic K oxytoca has recently been implicated in necrotizing enterocolitis. K oxytoca colonizes 2–9% of healthy adults, however, there is no systematic data on colonization in healthy children. We investigated K oxytoca colonization and its toxigenic properties in healthy infants.Methods:We sampled stool of healthy infants and determined K oxytoca colonization using stool culture and PCR (pehX). Toxin in stool was measured with HPLC/high‐resolution mass spectrometry. K oxytoca isolates were typed using multi‐locus sequence typing (MLST) and K oxytoca toxin PCR (npsA/B). Cytotoxin production of isolates was analyzed by MTT assay.Results:K oxytoca was detected in 30 of 61 infants (49%) using stool culture and in 45 of 61 (73%) using PCR (pehX). Toxin marker PCR (npsA/B) was positive in 66% of stool samples positive for K oxytoca PCR. Stool toxin levels were too low for quantitation but traces of tilivalline were detected. Contrarily, 49% of K oxytoca isolates demonstrated toxicity in the MTT assay. MLST revealed 36 distinct sequence types affiliated with all known K oxytoca sequence type clusters (A, B1 and B2).Conclusions:More than 70% of healthy infants were colonized with K oxytoca. Toxin quantities in stool of colonized healthy infants were below detection level, yet half of the isolates produced toxin in vitro demonstrating their pathobiont potential. The high occurrence of toxigenic K oxytoca in healthy infants has to be considered for future disease association studies.
The Effect of Yes-Associated Protein on the Interaction Between the MEK/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase and Hippo Pathways in Osteoblasts Co-Cultured With Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2-Mutated Dura Cells
Authors: Dong Xinhang , Zhang Mingzi , Li Chengcheng , Lai Chenzhi , Song Guodong , Jin Xiaolei 
Published: September 2021

Background:
C342Y (Cys342Tyr) point mutation of FGFR2 (fibroblast growth factor receptor 2) is closely associated with the pathogenesis of Crouzon syndrome. The dura mater plays an important role in mediating the closure of cranial sutures. However, the underlying mechanisms of these pathological processes have been rarely investigated. in this study, the authors analyzed the effects of dura cells with FGFR2 mutations on the biological function of osteoblasts.

Methods:
Dura cells and cranial osteoblasts from C57BL/6 mice were extracted and cultured. C342Y-FGFR2 mutant constructs were established via lentivirus and applied to infect dura cells. A co-cultured trans-well system with dura cells and osteoblasts was established. Three experimental groups were set up: oste group, Oste + Dura-vector group, and Oste + Dura-C342Y group. The expression levels of key factors in MEK (Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, MAPKK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Hippo pathway were detected by western blot and RT-qPCR (Real Time Quantitative PCR). Finally, a rescue experiment was carried out with small interference RUA.

Results:
The proliferation level of osteoblasts in Oste + Dura- C342Y group was significantly up-regulated. Our studies indicated that the activation of MEK/ERK pathway in Oste + Dura-C342Y group could inhibit the Hippo pathway, lead to down-regulation of large tumor suppressor 1 and promote the activation and nuclear localization of yes-associated protein, and the results of rescue experiments showed a reverse expression trend, further confirming the effects of C342Y-FGFR2 mutation in dura cells on osteoblasts and its potential mechanism.

Conclusions:
This study suggested that the C342Y-FGFR2 mutation in dura cells could promote osteoblastic proliferation, and shown the crosstalk between MEK/ERK and Hippo pathways. As the regulatory machinery center, yes-associated protein might play a bridging role in these pathways, and might influence the pathogenesis of craniosynostosis by activating downstream transcriptional factors.
Parent and Patient Reported Outcomes for Head Shape in Children Undergoing Surgery for Single Suture Synostosis
Authors: Dalton Louise J. , Kiani Shahida , Judge Andrew , Wall Steven , Johnson David 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Assessing outcomes following surgery for single suture craniosynostosis is important to ensure minimum standards are being met, but also to compare results using different surgical techniques and treatment protocols. What constitutes an “outcome” and how this is measured remains a challenge, particularly when assessment should include consideration of aesthetic, functional, and psychological domains.
The Oxford Craniofacial Unit has initiated routine collection of parents’ and patients’ ratings of 2 factors that are closely associated with psychological adjustment; how noticeable the child's headshape is and how much this bothers the parent and/or child. A brief Surgical Outcome Questionnaire is completed by parents and children (over 7 years) at their outpatient appointment; parents are also asked to rate the extent to which they feel surgery made a difference to their child's headshape.
Data are presented for 519 parents and 248 children with single suture craniosynostosis who attended the Oxford Craniofacial Unit in 2018 and 2019; this represents over 80% of patients seen in the clinic indicating the questionnaire is acceptable for families and the potential for rapid, relevant data on a continuous basis. Analysis of the data is presented to demonstrate the utility of the Surgical Outcome Questionnaire in exploring the views of both parents and patients of the noticeability and level of concern about the child's headshape for different age groups and diagnoses.
The Surgical Outcome Questionnaire provides a novel method of collecting routine data for patients across their craniofacial care pathway, using variables which are relevant and meaningful for patients and parents.
Use of Buried Guide Needle to Fix Inferior Eyelid Orbital Septum Fat for Tear Trough Depression Filling
Authors: Gu Cong-Min , Zhou Chuan-De , Chen Wen , Guo Shi-Wei , Zhang Jia-Qi , Xu Li-Si , Yang Ming-Yong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Fat fixation is a key step in filling tear trough depression with inferior eyelid orbital septum fat. The ideal position for inferior eyelid fat fixation is to cross the tear trough ligament causing tear trough depression and the orbicularis retaining ligament, with the distal end fixed at the farthest end of the dissected lacuna deep down the inferior orbicularis oculi muscle. Traditional suturing is difficult in the deep narrow lacunae, but a buried guide needle can be used to suture and fix the fat in the deepest lacuna. In this study, 264 patients who underwent tear trough filling using a buried guide needle to fix the released inferior eyelid orbital septum fat from 2017 to 2020 were followed up. The preoperative and postoperative imaging findings were compared to evaluate the effectiveness of the operation and postoperative complications. The inferior eyelid bulging, loose skin, and tear trough depression significantly improved than that before the operation. None of the patients had any severe complications, such as inferior eyelid ectropion, lagophthalmos, scar hyperplasia, and diplopia, in the long term (6 months) postoperatively. Five patients showed mild eyelid-eyeball separation and recovered in 1 month. Four patients had diplopia, and 3 patients had chemosis; all recovered in 7 days. The tear trough depression was not corrected completely in 2 patients. The operation showed satisfactory results in the improvement of tear trough depression in addition to alleviation of inferior eyelid bulging and loose inferior eyelid skin that is caused by the traditional inferior eyelid pouch removal.
Addressing Surgical Care Disparities: Residents’ Involvement in Global Mission Trips
Authors: Kambhampati Praneeth V. , Mitchell David , Rajesh Aashish , Deptula Peter L. , Asaad Malke 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Humanitarian mission trips have been organized by several residency programs and organizations to cater to surgical care in underdeveloped countries. While there is cross-talk on the existence of such opportunities, there is a paucity of guidance to residents on participation in such trips, their benefits, and the myriad of intangibles to consider while planning to pursue such opportunities. Through this article, the authors highlight the background and utility of humanitarian surgical missions and summarize the clinical and surgical experiences that these trips offer for residents choosing to embark on these altruistic journeys.
Longitudinal Trends in 30-Day Mortality Between Multi-Site and Single-Site Surgeons
Authors: Tsai Thomas C. , Bryan Ava Ferguson , Zheng Jie , Haas Susan , Orav E. John , Benjamin Evan 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Quality leaders are concerned that creation of multi-hospital health systems may lead to surgeons traveling to and from distant hospitals and thus to more fragmented surgical care and worse outcomes for their patients. Despite this concern, little empirical data exist on outcomes of multi-site versus single-site surgeons.

Methods:
Using national Medicare data, we assessed trends in the number of multi-site vs. single-site surgeons from 2011 to 2016. We performed a multivariable regression analysis to compare overall 30-day mortality differences, stratified by system and rural status, and examined trends over time.

Results:
The number of multi-site surgeons and the percentage of multi-site surgeons per hospital decreased over time (24.2%–19.0%; 44.3%–41.8%). Overall, multi-site surgeons had lower 30-day mortality than single-site surgeons (2.24% vs 2.50%, P < 0.01). When stratified by system status, multi-site surgeons performed better in-system (2.47% vs 2.58%, P < 0.01); by rural status, multi-site surgeons had lower mortality in non-rural hospitals (2.42% vs 2.51%, P < 0.01). The statistically significant but small mortality advantage of multi-site versus single-site surgeons decreased over time, such that by 2016 there was no difference in outcomes between multi-site and single-site surgeons.

Conclusion:
For the majority of study years, multi-site surgeons had lower 30-day mortality than single-site surgeons, but this trend narrowed until outcomes were equivalent by 2016. Surgeons operating at multiple hospitals can provide surgical care to patients without any evidence of increased mortality.
Electroconvulsive Therapy in Canada During the First Wave of COVID-19
Authors: Demchenko Ilya , Blumberger Daniel M. , Flint Alastair J. , Anderson Melanie , Daskalakis Zafiris J. , Foley Karen , Karkouti Keyvan , Kennedy Sidney H. , Ladha Karim S. , Robertson Jamie , Vaisman Alon , Koczerginski David , Parikh Sagar V. , Bhat Venkat 
Published: September 2021

Objectives
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the provision of essential and potentially life-saving procedural treatments such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). We surveyed ECT providers across Canada to understand how the first wave of the pandemic affected ECT delivery between mid-March 2020 and mid-May 2020.

Methods
The survey was administered to ECT team members and decision makers at 107 Canadian health care centers with a focus on 5 domains: operations, decision-making, hospital resources, ECT procedure, and patient impact. Responses were obtained from 72 institutions, and collected answers were used to derive representative responses reflecting the situation at each ECT center. For specific domains, responses were split into 2 databases representing the perspective of psychiatrists (n = 67 centers) and anesthesiologists (n = 24 centers).

Results
Provision of ECT decreased in 64% centers and was completely suspended in 27% of centers after the onset of the pandemic. Outpatient and maintenance ECT were more affected than inpatient and acute ECT. Programs reported a high level of collaboration between psychiatry and hospital leadership (59%) but a limited input from clinical ethicists (18%). Decisions were mostly made ad hoc leading to variability across institutions in adopted resource allocation, physical location of ECT delivery, and triaging frameworks. The majority of centers considered ECT to be aerosol-generating and incorporated changes to airway management.

Conclusions
Electroconvulsive therapy services in Canada were markedly disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The variability in decision-making across centers warrants the development of a rational approach toward offering ECT in pandemic contexts.
Massilia rhizosphaerae sp. nov., a rice-associated rhizobacterium with antibacterial activity against Ralstonia solanacearum
Authors: Li Chenxu , Cao Peng , Du Chuanjiao , Zhang Xue , Bing Hui , Li Lei , Sun Peng , Xiang Wensheng , Zhao Junwei , Wang Xiangjing 
Published: September 2021

A novel rhizobacterium, designated strain NEAU-GH312T, with antibacterial activity against

Ralstonia solanacearum

was isolated from rhizosphere soil of rice (Heilongjiang Province, PR China) and characterized with a polyphasic approach. Cells of strain NEAU-GH312T were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, motile with peritrichous flagella and rod-shaped. Colonies were light orange, convex and semi-translucent on Reasoner's 2A (R2A) agar after 2 days of incubation at 28 °C. Growth was observed on R2A agar at 10–40 °C, pH 4.0–8.0 and with 0–5 % (w/v) NaCl. The respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-8. The major cellular fatty acids of strain NEAU-GH312T were C16 : 1
ω7c and/or C16 : 1
ω6c, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1
ω7c and/or C18 : 1
ω6c. The main polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and diphosphatidylglycerol. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed the well-supported affiliation of strain NEAU-GH312T within the genus

Massilia

, close to the type strains of

Massilia arvi

THG-RS2OT (98.7 %),

Massilia norwichensis

NS9T (98.7 %) and

Massilia kyonggiensis

TSA1T (98.6 %). Strain NEAU-GH312T had a genome size of 6.68 Mb and an average DNA G+C content of 66.3 mol%. Based on the genotypic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data obtained in this study, strain NEAU-GH312T could be classified as representative of a novel species of the genus

Massilia

, for which the name Massilia rhizosphaerae sp. nov. is proposed, with strain NEAU-GH312T (=DSM 109722T=CCTCC AB 2019142T) as the type strain.
Tobacco 21: Retailer Perceptions, Experiences, and Challenges Before and After a New Minimum Legal Sales Age Law in Maryland
Authors: Walsh Candace , Biblow Alanna , Charles John , Madden Patrick , Berkowitz Dawn , Jallah Nikardi , Moncrief Dana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesBy raising the legal age of sale from 18 to 21 years old, Tobacco 21 laws (T21) are reshaping the tobacco landscape in the United States. In 2019, Maryland became the 13th state to adopt T21. This study is among the first to examine the perception, awareness, and ease of compliance of T21 among tobacco retailers through a two-wave survey conducted pre-T21 and post-T21.DesignSurveys were conducted among the state’s more than 6,000 registered retailers prior to the state’s T21 law going into effect and eight months later after T21 had been enacted. The pre-T21 and post-T21 survey instruments measured retailer awareness, support, and perceived ability to comply with T21, current tobacco practices, revenue from tobacco products, and challenges faced in compliance. 414 retailers completed the pre-T21 survey and 360 completed the post-T21 survey. The final survey data was weighted to reflect the geographic distributions of licensed tobacco retailers in Maryland.ResultsThere was no significant difference in retailer awareness, support and challenges comparing pre and post T21. One notable caveat is lack of consumer knowledge about T21, resulting in retailers being responsible for educating customers.ConclusionsThe evaluation of T21 and impact to retailers is a valuable tool in determining the law’s success and barriers to implementation. Results support the idea that T21 laws have had a minor impact on how retailers conduct their business. As a result of the communication and materials provided by the state, retailers largely understand the law and how to adhere to guidelines.