bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating vertical transmission of sexually transmitted infections to newborns
Authors: Oliveira Dinamene , Piedade João , Castro Rita , Lopes Ângela , Martins Maria do Rosário , Pereira Filomena 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections are among the most frequent infections affecting pregnant women. We assessed the transmission of hepatitis B virus, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and Treponema pallidum to newborns from infected parturients.
Methodology: An observational, cross-sectional, analytical facility-based survey was conducted among 57 newborns in Irene Neto Maternity, Lubango city, Huíla province, Angola. Hepatitis B virus DNA molecular identification was done through nested PCR. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 proviral DNA detection was carried out by two successive nested PCRs. Real-time PCR was performed to examine the presence of T. pallidum DNA. Amplicons from PCR positive samples were sequenced for identity search and genotype assignment.
Results: Hepatitis B virus DNA genotype E was detected in 3/41 (7.3%) newborns from HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen) positive mothers. To analyse the association between mothers HBeAg (hepatitis B e antigen) positivity and hepatitis B virus vertical transmission to newborns, a Fisher's exact test was performed, showing a highly significant association (p = 0.006). Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 provirus or T. pallidum DNA was not detected in any newborn.
Conclusions: To prevent hepatitis B virus vertical transmission in Angola it is important to promote universal antenatal screening, expanding hepatitis B virus markers (viral load and/or HBeAg), risk-based infected mothers’ antiviral therapy and newborn passive immunoprophylaxis.
Postnatal ocular toxoplasmosis in immunocompetent patients
Authors: Lijeskić Olivera , Štajner Tijana , Srbljanović Jelena , Radosavljević Aleksandra , Bobić Branko , Klun Ivana , Stanojević-Paović Anka , Djurković-Djaković Olgica 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Ocular toxoplasmosis is the most common cause of infectious posterior uveitis worldwide. It can be prenatal or postnatal in origin. Despite estimations that postnatal ocular toxoplasmosis is more prevalent, only several cases of proven postnatal ocular toxoplasmosis have been reported in non-epidemic settings. Here, the clinical evolution of ocular toxoplasmosis of conclusively proven postnatal origin in immunocompetent patients is reported.
Methodology: Postnatal ocular toxoplasmosis was diagnosed based on clinical diagnosis supported by the longitudinal detection of Toxoplasma gondii-specific IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies in the serum as well as by direct detection of the parasite (bioassay) and/or its DNA (real-time PCR) in aqueous humor.
Results: Three cases involved adults in whom ocular toxoplasmosis developed during primary T. gondii infection, as part of the clinical presentation in two and as the sole manifestation in one patient. The fourth patient was a case of inactive ocular toxoplasmosis in a 14-year-old boy, where postnatal infection was confirmed by exclusion of maternal infection. The causative parasite strain was genotyped in only one case and it belonged to genotype II, the dominant type in Europe. One patient acquired the infection in Africa, suggesting an atypical strain.
Conclusions: The distinction between prenatal and postnatal ocular toxoplasmosis is only possible in particular clinical situations, and requires extensive laboratory investigation. Genotyping of the parasite strain involved may be important, particularly if atypical strains are suspected, requiring tailored treatment approaches.
Sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 in local transmission cases through Oxford Nanopore MinION platform from Karachi Pakistan
Authors: Mukry Samina Naz , Ahmed Shariq , Raza Bukhari Ali , Shahni Aneeta , Sufaida Gul , Naz Arshi , Shamsi Tahir Sultan 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The first case of severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was imported to Pakistan in February 2020, since then 8,260 deaths have been witnessed. The virus has been constantly mutating and local transmission cases from different countries vary due to host dependent viral adaptation. Many distinct clusters of variant SARS-CoV-2 have been defined globally. In this study, the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 was studied and locally transmitted SARS-CoV-2 isolates from Karachi were sequenced to compared and identify any possible variants.
Methodology: The real time PCR was performed on nasopharyngeal specimen to confirm SARS-CoV-2 with Orf 1ab and E gene as targets. The virus isolates were sequenced through oxford nanopore technology MinION platform. Isolates from the first and second wave of COVID-19 outbreak in Karachi were compared.
Results: The overall positivity rate for PCR was 26.24% with the highest number of positive cases in June. Approximately, 37.45% PCR positive subjects aged between 19-40 years. All the isolates belonged to GH clade and shared missense mutation D614G in spike protein linked to increased transmission rate worldwide. Another spike protein mutation A222V coexisted with D614G in the virus from the second wave of COVID-19.
Conclusions: Based on the present findings it is suggested that the locally transmitted virus from Karachi varies from those reported from other parts of Pakistan. Slight variability was also observed between viruses from the first and second wave. Variability in any potential vaccine target may result in failed trials, therefore information on any local viral variants is always useful for effective vaccine design and/or selection.
COVID-19 vaccine demand, hesitancy, and nationalism: a case of protection motivation behavior in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Mostafizur , Hossain Afnan , Sufian Abu , Anwar Nahida 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Immunization, as a process of fighting against the COVID-19, has gained important research appeal, but very limited endeavor has been paid for vaccine behavioral studies in underdeveloped and developing countries. This study explores the vaccine demand, hesitancy, and nationalism as well as vaccine acceptance and domestic vaccine preference among young adults in Bangladesh.
Methodology: This quantitative study followed the snowball sampling technique and collected responses from 1,018 individuals from various social media platforms. The analysis covered both descriptive and inferential statistics including chi-square, F-statistic, and logistic regression.
Results: The findings of the fully-adjusted regression model suggest that the individuals who had more vaccine demand were 3.29 times (95% confidence interval = 2.39-4.54; p < 0.001) higher to accept vaccine compared to those who had no vaccine demand. Conversely, vaccine hesitancy was negatively associated with vaccine acceptance. Here, the odds ratio was found 0.70 (95% confidence interval = 0.62-0.80; p < 0.001), which means that those who had higher vaccine hesitancy were about 30% less likely to accept vaccines than those who had no hesitancy. In addition, the persons who had vaccine nationalism were 1.75 times (95% confidence interval = 1.62-1.88; p < 0.001) more prone to prefer domestic vaccine.
Conclusions: This study suggests that policymakers may take initiatives for making people aware and knowledgeable about the severity and vulnerability to specific health threats. In this concern, perception and efficacy-increasing programs may take part in increasing protection motivation behaviors like vaccine acceptance and (domestic) vaccine preference.
Spontaneous pneumothorax, with or without pulmonary cysts, in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Galindo Javier Leonardo , Jiménez Luisa Fernanda , Lutz Juan Ricardo , Izquierdo María Alejandra , Rivillas Viviana Lucía , Carrillo Jorge Alberto 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) affects mainly the lungs causing pneumonia and complications like acute respiratory distress syndrome. Pneumothorax is a rare manifestation of the disease. This report is a description of a series of patients with COVID-19 and spontaneous pneumothorax, some of them with associated pulmonary cysts.
Methodology: Cases were collected retrospectively. We included clinical data from medical records and described radiologic findings. Patients that developed pneumothorax during mechanical ventilation were excluded.
Results: Ten cases were included in this report, nine of them were male. The median age of our series was 62 years (IQR = 57-68). The median days since the onset of symptoms until the development of pneumothorax was 27 (IQR = 17-31), most cases developed after the second week of the diagnosis of pneumonia. Two cases required invasive mechanical ventilation, but pneumothorax occurred after ventilator weaning. Three cases showed subpleural pulmonary cysts.
Conclusions: Cysts and pneumothorax are rare manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia with mechanisms not completely understood. This report highlights the role of CT scan in diagnosis of COVID-19 complications.
Strength Characteristics of M40 Grade Concrete using Waste PET as Replacement for Sand
Authors: Olawale S.O.A. , Kareem M.A. , Ojo O.Y. , Adebanjo A.U. , Thanni M.O. 
Published: November 2021

The wide variety of industrial and domestic applications of plastic products has fuelled a global trend in their use. The vast amount of plastic items that are discarded after use, on the other hand, pollutes the environment. In light of this, the current study investigated the use of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) as substitute for natural sand in concrete production. Locally sourced river sand was replaced with industrially ground waste PET in proportions of 4 to 20% at a step of 4% by the weight of natural sand whereas other concrete constituents (cement, granite, water-cement ratio and superplasticizer) were kept constant. A Grade M40 concrete with a mix proportion of 1:1:2:0.35 (cement: sand: granite: water-to-cement ratio) was used for all concrete mixes. Concrete without PET represents the control. Fresh (Slump) and hardened (compressive, split tensile and flexural) properties of the produced concrete were assessed using standard testing methods. The results showed that the slump of concrete decreased by 1.8% and 12.5% with an increase in PET content from 0 to 20%. The 28-day compressive strength of concrete containing PET was lower than the control. However, concrete with 4% PET compared considerably well with control with the compressive strength value exceeding the target strength of 40 N/mm2 while concretes containing PET beyond 4% had compressive strength below the target strength. The split tensile strength of concrete containing 4% PET was higher than that of the control but exhibited lower flexural strength than the control at the age of 28 days. It was concluded that the reuse of PET as a substitute for natural sand as an alternative waste disposal solution for eco-friendly concrete development and attainment of a pollution-free environment is viable.
Assessing the extent and need for disability inclusion in the pharmacy education curriculum in Nigeria
Authors: Adedeji Oluwakorede 
Published: November 2021

Background: Disability is a prevalent problem in Africa, particularly in Nigeria. The impairment in physical abilities such as hearing, visual, etc. necessitates the need for a specialised approach in the treatment of persons with disabilities by healthcare professionals, including pharmacists. Pharmacists play a central role in the healthcare system among other health professionals because they are usually the first point-of-contact of patients and also play a key role in community surveillance.
Aim: In a bid to achieve disability inclusion in Nigeria, it is thus necessary to equip pharmacists with the necessary skills in the care of patients with disabilities, whether intellectual or physical.
Method: In this paper, the minimum academic benchmark for awarding the Bachelor of Pharmacy degree (which is the minimum degree that allows one to practice) is well-reviewed and analysed for the presence of any content related to persons with disabilities.
Conclusion: Preparing future pharmacists through the pharmacy education curriculum is a useful way to improve the attitude and skills of pharmacy students in the pharmaceutical care of patients with disabilities.
Experiências Organizacionais de Resistência ao Processo de Empresariamento Urbano: O Caso da Comunidade Vila Autódromo
Authors: Alvarenga Gabriela Izabel de , Darbilly Leonardo Vasconcelos Cavalier 
Published: November 2021

Com a aproximação dos Jogos Olímpicos de 2016, acirrou-se no Rio de Janeiro o processo de “empresariamento urbano” (HARVEY, 1996), tendo como uma das consequências o aumento do número absoluto de remoções urbanas (BETIM, 2015). A Vila Autódromo foi uma das comunidades ameaçadas de remoção, porém com ações de oposição a esse processo criaram-se obstáculos significativos aos objetivos traçados pelo poder público, no que diz respeito a essa política, dando notoriedade a tal comunidade. Assim, objetiva-se analisar como movimentos de resistência, por parte de diferentes atores sociais, podem ocorrer em contraposição a fenômenos como o do empresariamento urbano, tendo como pano de fundo o caso da Vila Autódromo. Para alcançar este objetivo, realizou-se um estudo qualitativo por meio da coleta de entrevistas individuais, observações participantes e pesquisa documental. Assim, os dados apontaram que a luta envolveu ações de resistência dos próprios moradores e de outros diferentes aliados, a partir de uma organização plural na comunidade. A Vila Autódromo demonstrou ser o que Parker, Fournier e Reedy (2012) classificam como uma experiência de um modo alternativo de organizar a sociedade, algo para além das leis econômicas inexoráveis que dominam a maior parte do planeta. Assim, concluiu-se, portanto, que as ações de oposição foram parte do organizar construído na Vila Autódromo e a materialização da resistência na comunidade.
JOANNE: Joint dropsonde Observations of the Atmosphere in tropical North atlaNtic meso-scale Environments
Authors: George Geet , Stevens Bjorn , Bony Sandrine , Pincus Robert , Fairall Chris , Schulz Hauke , Kölling Tobias , Kalen Quinn T. , Klingebiel Marcus , Konow Heike , Lundry Ashley , Prange Marc , Radtke Jule 
Published: November 2021

Abstract. As part of the EUREC4A field campaign which took place over the tropical North Atlantic during January–February 2020, 1215 dropsondes from the HALO and WP-3D aircraft were deployed through 26 flights to characterize the thermodynamic and dynamic environment of clouds in the trade-wind regions. We present JOANNE (Joint dropsonde Observations of the Atmosphere in tropical North atlaNtic meso-scale Environments), the dataset that contains these dropsonde measurements and the products derived from them. Along with the raw measurement profiles and basic post-processing of pressure, temperature, relative humidity and horizontal winds, the dataset also includes a homogenized and gridded dataset with 10 m vertical spacing. The gridded data are used as a basis for deriving diagnostics of the area-averaged mesoscale circulation properties such as divergence, vorticity, vertical velocity and gradient terms, making use of sondes dropped at regular intervals along a circular flight path. A total of 85 such circles, ∼ 222 km in diameter, were flown during EUREC4A. We describe the sampling strategy for dropsonde measurements during EUREC4A, the quality control for the data, the methods of estimation of additional products from the measurements and the different post-processed levels of the dataset. The dataset is publicly available (https://doi.org/10.25326/246, George et al., 2021b) as is the software used to create it (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4746312, George, 2021).
Ice Algae Model Intercomparison Project phase 2 (IAMIP2)
Authors: Hayashida Hakase , Jin Meibing , Steiner Nadja S. , Swart Neil C. , Watanabe Eiji , Fiedler Russell , Hogg Andrew McC. , Kiss Andrew E. , Matear Richard J. , Strutton Peter G. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Ice algae play a fundamental role in shaping
sea-ice-associated ecosystems and biogeochemistry. This role can be
investigated by field observations; however the influence of ice algae at
the regional and global scales remains unclear due to limited spatial and
temporal coverage of observations and because ice algae are typically not
included in current Earth system models. To address this knowledge gap, we
introduce a new model intercomparison project (MIP), referred to here as the
Ice Algae Model Intercomparison Project phase 2 (IAMIP2). IAMIP2 is built
upon the experience from its previous phase and expands its scope to global
coverage (both Arctic and Antarctic) and centennial timescales (spanning the
mid-20th century to the end of the 21st century). Participating
models are three-dimensional regional and global coupled sea-ice–ocean
models that incorporate sea-ice ecosystem components. These models are
driven by the same initial conditions and atmospheric forcing datasets by
incorporating and expanding the protocols of the Ocean Model Intercomparison
Project, an endorsed MIP of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6). Doing so provides more robust estimates of model bias and
uncertainty and consequently advances the science of polar marine
ecosystems and biogeochemistry. A diagnostic protocol is designed to enhance
the reusability of the model data products of IAMIP2. Lastly, the
limitations and strengths of IAMIP2 are discussed in the context of
prospective research outcomes.
Diferenciação como estratégia: um estudo de caso da Apple
Authors: Gomes Isabelly Borborema , Fontgalland Isabel Lausanne 
Published: November 2021

A Apple Inc. é uma das maiores empresas de tecnologia de nosso tempo e responsável por diversos produtos que insurgiram nas relações contemporâneas sociedade e tecnologia de informação digital. Com foco em uma estratégia de inovação tecnológica, constante e forte diferenciação de produtos, a Apple investe de maneira expressiva em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (P&D), tendo por diferencial competitivo a inovação em tecnologia de informação (T.I). O presente trabalho tem por objetivo geral entender e enquadrar a estratégia comercial da Apple como uma estratégia defensiva, através da MEC- metodologia de estudo de caso, onde se delineou o entendimento de toda a discussão em tela. Como resultados é imprescindível assinalar a inversão massiva em novos produtos e processos, serviços após venda e desenvolvimento de matriz suprimentos, alavancados por mudanças de não mais de dois anos.
Evolução industrial: o caso da fusão de uma empresa do setor alimentício
Authors: Barros Moisés Carlos Muniz , Fontgalland Isabel Lausanne 
Published: November 2021

A Sadia, grande empresa no ramo frigorífico do Brasil, tem sua criação no ano de 1944 em Concórdia no estado de Santa Catarina, empresa familiar e desde então seu desenvolvimento foi notório pela sua história no Brasil. Através de investimentos, modernização e higiene de suas atividades no ramo alimentício a empresa desenvolveu nacionalmente quando ocorreu assim a fusão com a Perdigão em 2008, outra grande empresa no mesmo setor, formando assim a Brasil Foods - BRF, expandindo-se para 140 países entre eles o Oriente Médio, Europa, Extremo Oriente, América Latina e África. O presente estudo de caso tem por objetivo apresentar a criação e o desenvolvimento da empresa como também a sua importância para o desenvolvimento da indústria alimentícia no nosso país.
Aprender para resignificar, resignificar para aprender: el caso del fomento de una educación bilingüe para las comunidades de San Juan Chamula, Chiapas, México
Authors: Hernández Sánchez Martina 
Published: November 2021

Este trabajo revela los problemas, retos, desafíos y contradicciones de los maestros indígenas del municipio de Chamula, del Estado de Chiapas, México, durante sus prácticas en las aulas en el nivel de educación primaria. Asimismo, da cuenta de cómo un grupo de docentes organizados, desde el proyecto Milpas Educativas, hacen un esfuerzo por llevar una educación distinta basada en el Método Inductivo Intercultural acuñado por Jorge Gasché, en el que plantea un proceso pedagógico significativo para la alfabetización en la lengua de la comunidad, articulando la pedagogía con una posición política, didáctica, jurídica y pertinente.
Tsos-k’op
Li amtel lie chal sventa sk’oplal, k’uyepal k’opetik oy yu unik li a’k chan junetik tas lumal chamoetik, tas lumal Chiapas, México, ja’ no ox tok li chanjunetik ta primaria. Oy la uni jun chop ta ak’ chanjunetik ta las pasik jun a’mtelal ti lek la ta nopesel xchiuk la ja oy jun winik ti snaoj smelolal k’uselan ta nopel, schanuptasel ta ololetik taj lumaltik, ja suy “nopesel ta choptik”, ti oyuk smelolal li k’uselan stak ak’el ta a chanop jun ololetike, jech stok taj am’tele ja la yich’oj tas venta Jorge Gasché, taj winike ja staoj ta to ku’lanel, yiloj ti lek ta am’telanel tas stojolal ti ololetik, yu un las tok’olanik tis melolal k’uslejal chanjun taj lumaltik. Cha al toj ep sk’oplal taj am’te le, oy smelolal ja’ no’ox sk’an ta nopesel.
THE “HIDDEN“ ROLE OF THE STATE IN DIFFERENT APPROACHES ON COMPETITIVENESS (THEORETICAL COMPARISON)
Authors: Dobreva Hristina 
Published: November 2021

From the perspective of political science the paper is a comparative overview of some of the main approaches on competitiveness. The focus is on their strengths and weaknesses in the explanation of the role of the government. Yet the paper compares some of the more recent authors as Porter, Reich, Thurow, Ohmae and Strange. The implication is that government intervention is still needed to provide both sustainable competitiveness (Strange) (modesty as opposed to resource depletion) and social adjustment (jobs) to innovation in the long-term dynamic picture (Porter) because government is still at the basis of the welfare pyramid (Thurow). I start with the authors’ assumptions and proceed with their view on the role of the government to conclude that this role is underestimated in the social and overestimated in the business sphere.
Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan serta dampaknya pada Word of Mouth Jasa Pengurusan Nenkin di CV Speed Nenkin
Authors: Agustin Regita Puji , Suparwo Adi , Yuliyana Wulan , Sunarsi Denok , Nurjaya Nurjaya 
Published: November 2021

Tujuan pada penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas pelayanan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan serta dampaknya pada word of mouth pada CV Speed Nenkin. Metode yang digunakan adalah survey dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Tipe analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis verifikatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada pelanggan speed nenkin dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 226 responden. Metode nonprobability sampling dengan teknik purposive sampling adalah teknik sampling yang digunakan pada penelitian ini. Analisis verifikatif menggunakan path analysis. Temuan pada Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh langsung dengan positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan. Kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh langsung dengan positif dan signifikan terhadap word of mouth. Kepuasan pelanggan berpengaruh langsung dengan positif dan signifikan terhadap word of mouth. Berdasarkan hasil temuan bahwa perusahaan yang memberikan pelayanan yang terbaik dan berkualitas akan langsung terasa manfaatnya oleh pelanggan sehingga pelanggan dapat menilai bahwa pelayanan yang diberikan memberikan kepuasan dan pelanggan secara alami akan melakukan komunikasi word of mouth. Terdapat perbedaan pada penelitian ini dan sebelumnya, yaitu pada objek penelitian yang berfokus pada industri multilevel marketing dan jasa pengiriman sedangkan penelitian ini berfokus pada jasa pengurusan nenkin.