bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of COVID‐19 lockdown on brain metabolism
Authors: Guedj Eric , Campion Jacques‐Yves , Horowitz Tatiana , Barthelemy Fanny , Cammilleri Serge , Ceccaldi Mathieu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the impact of French national lockdown of 55 days on brain metabolism of patients with neurological disorders. Whole‐brain voxel‐based PET analysis was used to correlate 18F‐FDG metabolism to the number of days after March 17, 2020 (in 95 patients; mean age: 54.3 years ± 15.7; 59 men), in comparison to the same period in 2019 before the SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak (in 212 patients; mean age: 59.5 years ± 15.8; 114 men), and to the first 55 days of deconfinement (in 188 patients; mean age: 57.5 years ± 16.5; 93 men). Lockdown duration was negatively correlated to the metabolism of the sensory‐motor cortex with a prevailing effect on the left dominant pyramidal tract and on younger patients, also including the left amygdala, with only partial reversibility after 55 days of deconfinement. Weak overlap was found with the reported pattern of hypometabolism in long COVID (<9%). Restriction of physical activities, and possible related deconditioning, and social isolation may lead to functional disturbances of sensorimotor and emotional brain networks. Of note, this metabolic pattern seems distinct to those reported in long COVID. Further longitudinal studies with longer follow‐up are needed to evaluate clinical consequences and relationships on cognitive and mental health against functional deactivation hypothesis, and to extend these findings to healthy subjects in the context of lockdown.
Predicting cancer‐specific mortality in patients with parotid gland carcinoma by competing risk nomogram
Authors: Luo Xingxi , Liu Shun , Chen Yufeng , Qiu Xiaoqiang , Huang Dongping , Zhang Di , Liang Qiuli , Yang Yu , Zeng Xiaoyun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to establish a competing risk nomogram to predict parotid gland cancer‐specific mortality (PGC‐SM).MethodsSeven thousand nine hundred and sixty‐two patients extracted from SEER database were randomly categorized into training and validation sets. The competing risk model was used to identify factors associated with PGC‐SM. The nomogram was evaluated via concordance indexes (C‐indexes), calibration plots, and decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsMale, elderly, white, widowed, larger tumor, no surgery, advanced tumor grade, lymph node (LN) metastasis, adenocarcinoma (ADC), and higher TNM stage were associated with higher incidence of PGC‐SM. Calibration plots showed that the nomogram was well calibrated. C‐indexes for nomogram were 0.84 (95% CI: 0.81–0.86) and 0.84 (95% CI: 0.82–0.86) in training and validation sets, respectively. DCA demonstrated the clinical usefulness of nomogram.ConclusionsThe competing risk nomogram shows high performance in predicting PGC‐SM, which might enable clinicians formulate suitable treatment protocols for patients with parotid gland carcinoma (PGC).
Effects of Renal Impairment on the Pharmacokinetics of Abrocitinib and Its Metabolites
Authors: Wang Ellen Q. , Le Vu , Winton Jennifer A. , Tripathy Sakambari , Raje Sangeeta , Wang Lisy , Dowty Martin E. , Malhotra Bimal K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAbrocitinib, an oral once‐daily Janus kinase 1 selective inhibitor, is under development for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. This phase 1, nonrandomized, open‐label, single‐dose study (NCT03660241) investigated the effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of abrocitinib and its metabolites following a 200‐mg oral dose. Twenty‐three subjects with varying degrees of renal function (normal, moderate, and severe impairment) were enrolled. Active moiety exposures were calculated as the sum of unbound exposures for abrocitinib and its active metabolites. For abrocitinib, the adjusted geometric mean ratios (GMRs; %) for area under the concentration‐time curve from time 0 extrapolated to infinite time and maximum plasma concentration were 182.91 (90% confidence interval [CI], 117.09‐285.71) and 138.49 (90% CI, 93.74‐204.61), respectively, for subjects with moderate renal impairment vs normal renal function; corresponding GMRs were 121.32 (90% CI, 68.32‐215.41) and 99.11 (90% CI, 57.30‐171.43) for subjects with severe impairment vs normal renal function. Metabolite exposures generally increased in subjects with renal impairment. The GMRs of unbound area under the concentration‐time curve from time 0 extrapolated to infinite time and maximum plasma concentration of active moiety were 210.20 (90% CI, 154.60‐285.80) and 133.87 (90% CI, 102.45‐174.92), respectively, for subjects with moderate renal impairment vs normal renal function. Corresponding values were 290.68 (90% CI, 217.39‐388.69) and 129.49 (90% CI, 92.86‐180.57) for subjects with severe renal impairment vs normal renal function. Abrocitinib was generally safe and well tolerated. Both moderate and severe renal impairment led to higher exposure to abrocitinib active moiety, suggesting that abrocitinib dose should be reduced by half for patients with moderate or severe renal impairment.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03660241
Compositional evaluation of lesion and parent bone in patients with juvenile osteochondritis dissecans of the knee using T2* mapping
Authors: Zbýň Štefan , Santiago Cassiano , Johnson Casey P. , Ludwig Kai D. , Zhang Lin , Marette Shelly , Tompkins Marc A. , Nelson Bradley J. , Takahashi Takashi , Metzger Gregory J. , Carlson Cathy S. , Ellermann Jutta M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractJuvenile osteochondritis dissecans (JOCD) lesions contain cartilaginous, fibrous and osseous tissues which are difficult to distinguish with clinical, morphological magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Quantitative T2* mapping has earlier been used to evaluate microstructure and composition of all aforementioned tissues as well as bone mineral density. However, the ability of T2* mapping to detect changes in tissue composition between different JOCD lesion regions, different disease stages, and between stable and unstable lesions has not been demonstrated. This study analyzed morphological and T2* MRI data from 25 patients (median age, 12.1 years) with 34 JOCD‐affected and 13 healthy knees. Each lesion was assigned a stage reflecting the natural history of JOCD, with stages I and IV representing early and healed lesion, respectively. T2* values were evaluated within the progeny lesion, interface and parent bone of each lesion and in the control bone region. T2* was negatively correlated with JOCD stage in progeny lesion (ρ = −0.871; p < 0.001) and interface regions (ρ = −0.649; p < 0.001). Stage IV progeny showed significantly lower T2* than control bone (p = 0.028). T2* was significantly lower in parent bone than in control bone of patients with stable lesions (p = 0.009), but not in patients with unstable lesions (p = 0.14). Clinical significance: T2* mapping enables differentiation between different stages of JOCD and quantitative measurement of the ossification degree in progeny lesion and interface. The observed T2* decrease in healed and stable lesions may indicate increased bone density as a result of the active repair process. T2* mapping provides quantitative information about JOCD lesion composition.
Effect of parenteral nutrition duration on patterns of growth and body composition in very low‐birth‐weight premature infants
Authors: Alja'nini Zaineh , Merlino‐Barr Stephanie , Brumfiel Alexa , McNelis Kera , Viswanathan Sreekanth , Collin Marc , Groh‐Wargo Sharon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundParenteral nutrition (PN) is essential to support premature infants’ growth and varies with enteral nutrition (EN) advancement rates. Data on PN duration's impact on premature infants’ growth are limited. The aim of this multicenter observational study was to determine the effect of early PN duration on body composition at term corrected gestational age (CGA) in very low‐birth‐weight (VLBW) premature infants.MethodsVLBW infants exposed to PN in the first week of life and exposed to significantly different EN regimens were divided into two groups on the basis of early PN duration. Infants with a birth weight (BW) <1000 g and PN duration <28 days and infants with a BW 1000–1500 g and PN duration <14 days were assigned to the “short‐PN” group. Infants receiving PN for longer durations were assigned to the "long‐PN" group. Body composition was assessed via air displacement plethysmography at term CGA or before discharge.ResultsSixty‐two and 53 infants were assigned to the short‐PN and long‐PN groups, respectively. The two groups were significantly different in BW and GA, so a nested case‐control study was conducted after matching 36 infant pairs. Infants in the long‐PN group had significantly lower fat‐free mass (FFM) z‐scores, but both groups had comparable fat mass (FM) z‐scores. Long PN was a significant negative predictor of FFM z‐score in the multivariate regression analysis.ConclusionIn VLBW premature infants, PN duration is negatively associated with FFM z‐scores at term CGA without affecting FM z‐scores.
Evaluating the accuracy of ARMA and multi‐index methods for predicting winter wheat maturity date
Authors: Wu Jiujiang , Wang Yue , Shen Hongzheng , Wang Yongqiang , Ma Xiaoyi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDAccurate and timely prediction of regional winter wheat maturity date can provide essential information to improve the management of agriculture and avoid declines in the yield and quality of crops. In this paper, we propose the use of an autoregressive moving‐average model to predict vegetation indices on 1, 9, and 17 May each year, and applied them to the methods of evaluating crop maturity based on vegetation indices. Growing degree days and a widely applied local empirical method were selected to explore and compare the feasibility of several methods. We analyzed winter wheat harvested from the Guanzhong Plain during 2003–2013 and used leave‐one‐out cross‐validation to compare and verify the performance of the maturity prediction methods.RESULTSThe results demonstrated that (i) the vegetation index methods and growing degree days methods predicted maturity with higher accuracy than did the widely applied local empirical method, and (ii) the two‐step filtering method based on future meteorological data from The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment Interactive Grand Global Ensemble exhibited the highest prediction accuracy on 1 May and had the lowest error fluctuation range on 17 May.CONCLUSIONThese results provide new insights for predicting regional crop maturity, deploying agricultural harvesting equipment in various regions, and avoiding decreases in crop yields caused by adverse weather. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
A Scoping Review of Ongoing Fluorescence‐Guided Surgery Clinical Trials in Otolaryngology
Authors: Crawford Kayva L. , Pacheco Fernanda V. , Lee Yu‐Jin , Hom Marisa , Rosenthal Eben L. , Nguyen Quyen T. , Orosco Ryan K. 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveFluorescence‐guided surgery (FGS) is a rapidly developing intraoperative technology, and many contrast agents are currently under investigation. We sought to provide a review of the current state of FGS clinical trials in Otolaryngology, emphasizing its oncologic applications.MethodsAccording to the preferred reporting Items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (PRISMA) workflow for scoping reviews, a clinical trial search was performed across multiple international clinical trials registries, searching for permutations of “fluorescence,” “tumor,” “surgery,” and “nerve” to identify all relevant studies. Studies that were active, enrolling, or soon to be enrolling patients undergoing head and neck surgery were included.ResultsNineteen studies were eligible for inclusion. Seventeen studies are focused on FGS for oncologic resection and lymph node detection. One study assesses peripheral nerve fluorescence, and one evaluates normal parathyroid function after thyroidectomy. Contrast agents under development are conjugated to fluorophores that excite in the 800 nm (indocyanine green), 410 nm (5‐aminolevulinic acid), 700 nm (Cyanine 5.5), and 525 nm ranges (fluorescein derivatives).ConclusionPresently, there are 19 ongoing trials investigating novel FGS contrast agents for their safety, efficacy, and utility in Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery. These agents rely on unique fluorophores and absorption ranges in the near‐infrared and visible light spectra. FGS studies are expanding within Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery with profound implications in oncologic surgery, lymph node detection, and anatomic and functional assessment. Laryngoscope, 132:36–44, 2022
Enriching extracellular vesicles for mass spectrometry
Authors: Burton Jordan B. , Carruthers Nicholas J. , Stemmer Paul M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractExtracellular vesicles from plasma, other body fluids and cell culture media hold great promise in the search for biomarkers. Exosomes in particular, the vesicle type that is secreted after being produced in the endocytic pathway and having a diameter of 30–150 nm, are considered to be a conveyance for signaling molecules and, therefore, to hold valuable information regarding the health and activity status of the cells from which they are released. The vesicular nature of exosomes is central to all methods used to separate them from the highly abundant proteins in plasma and other fluids. The enrichment of the vesicles is essential for mass spectrometry‐based analysis as they represent only a very small component of all plasma proteins. The progression of isolation techniques for exosomes from ultracentrifugation through chromatographic separation using hydrophobic packing materials shows that effective enrichment is possible and that high throughput approaches to exosome enrichment are achievable.
Single‐ and multiple‐dose safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic profiles of ASP0367, or bocidelpar sulfate, a novel modulator of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor delta in healthy adults: Results from a phase 1 study
Authors: Ito Mototsugu , Tauscher‐Wisniewski Sitra , Smulders Ronald A. , Wojtkowski Tomasz , Yamada Akihiro , Koibuchi Akira , Uz Tolga , Marek Gerard J. , Goldwater Ronald D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsASP0367, or bocidelpar sulfate, is an orally administered small molecule that potently and selectively modulates peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor δ (PPARδ) to address mitochondrial dysfunction occurring in diseases including primary mitochondrial myopathy and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The objectives of this first‐in‐human trial were to evaluate the safety/tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of ASP0367 in healthy participants.MethodsIn this double‐blind phase 1 study, adult participants were randomized to single or multiple ascending oral doses of ASP0367 or placebo. The study duration was 1 and 14 days, respectively. Pharmacokinetic parameters under fed conditions were also evaluated.ResultsA total of 64 (single‐dose cohort) and 37 (multiple‐dose cohort) participants were included in the study. After single doses of 1 to 120 mg, ASP0367 was rapidly absorbed, with median time to maximum plasma concentration (tmax) of 1.50 to 2.24 hours under fasting conditions; ASP0367 concentrations declined in a multiphasic manner after reaching maximum plasma concentration. Under fed conditions, tmax was delayed 1.7 hours. After multiple once‐daily doses, mean half‐life of ASP0367 10 to 75 mg ranged from 14.1 to 17.5 hours; steady state was reached after 4 days. Negligible accumulation was observed after repeated dosing. No participants receiving ASP0367 discontinued treatment, and all treatment‐emergent adverse events were mild to moderate in severity; none were considered drug‐related. No clinically significant changes were observed on laboratory or electrocardiographic evaluation. Treatment‐ and dose‐dependent upregulation of six PPARδ target genes was observed with single and multiple doses of ASP0367.DiscussionASP0367, or bocidelpar sulfate, was well tolerated; rapid absorption, roughly dose‐proportional bioavailability, and effects on PPARδ target genes were demonstrated in healthy adult participants.
An efficient method for estimating time‐dependent failure possibility by combining adaptive Kriging with adaptive truncated fuzzy simulation
Authors: Wang Lu , Lu Zhenzhou , Feng Kaixuan , Yun Wanying 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTime‐dependent failure possibility (TDFP) can measure the structural safety level for a time interval of interest under fuzzy uncertainty, but its calculational cost is unaffordable by using fuzzy simulation (FS) due to a required large size of FS candidate sampling pool (CSP). Although time‐dependent adaptive Kriging model (T‐AK) combined with FS (T‐AK‐FS) was presented to reduce the number of calling performance function, a large FS CSP still makes training T‐AK time‐consuming. To improve its efficiency, an adaptive truncated FS (ATFS) with T‐AK (T‐AK‐ATFS) is proposed by CSP size reduction approach. By T‐AK‐ATFS, the largest safety hypercube in fuzzy standard space is adaptively searched, in which the samples are in safety states and can be removed from the FS CSP. Moreover, T‐AK is adaptively trained to search the largest safety hypercube and estimate TDFP simultaneously. In adaptively searching process, the FS CSP is divided into several sub‐CSPs, on which training T‐AK is more time‐saving. Overall, strategies of T‐AK‐ATFS include proposing ATFS to reduce the FS CSP, adaptively searching the largest safety hypercube, estimating the TDFP with the same T‐AK and training T‐AK in the sub‐CSPs sequentially. Verified by examples, these strategies make T‐AK‐ATFS more efficient than existing FS and T‐AK‐FS.
Consensus development of priority outcome domains for community mental health cares by multiple stakeholders: Protocol for an online Delphi study in Japan
Authors: Shiozawa Takuma , Yamaguchi Sosei , Ogawa Makoto , Abe Makiko , Kawaguchi Takayuki , Igarashi Momoka , Yasuma Naonori , Fujii Chiyo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundTreatment goals for mental illness have expanded from hospital discharge and improved functioning to employment, living alone, and personal realization. These changes in treatment goals have also influenced mental health research. Recent studies have addressed the development of core outcome sets focusing on clinical aspects of mental illness such as depression and anxiety. However, a well‐developed framework of essential outcomes for people with mental illness (service users) who live in the community is lacking. In addition, recent worldwide trends suggest more patient and public involvement and the importance of considering multiple stakeholders’ views in the area of mental health research. Purpose of this study is to explore consensus on high‐priority outcome domains among multiple stakeholders in community mental healthcare fields in Japan.MethodsA three‐step approach to developing an outcome list will be used. First, we developed a long list of outcomes for community mental health through a literature review, focus group interviews with key stakeholders, and online questionnaire surveys of service users and caregivers. Second, the long list was checked and revised in a pilot study. Third, the long list will be shortened to the outcome list through the Delphi methodology with participation from multiple stakeholders.DiscussionIdentifying important common outcome domains through collaboration with multiple stakeholders appears to contribute to the development of evidence for community mental health research in Japan. In addition, the study process itself may help promote patient and public involvement in education, practice, and research in the field of community mental health.
Porous polyamide 6/carbon black composite as an effective electromagnetic interference shield
Authors: Cai Jie , Wang Liang , Duan Hongji , Zhang Ying , Wang Xueying , Wan Gang , Zhong Zhili 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPorous conductive polymer composites (CPCs) with functional additives are potential lightweight electromagnetic interference (EMI) materials. In this study, porous polyamide 6/carbon black (PA6/CB) composite was fabricated by a facile solution foaming strategy. When the content of CB was up to 20 wt%, a conductive network of CB was formed. The EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of the prepared composites increased with CB fraction in the porous CPCs. When the content of CB reached 50 wt%, the values of SE reached 33.7–37.3 dB in the X band. This composite showed an EMI special SE of 221.97 dB cm3 g−1. The average absorptivity (A) coefficients of EMI reached 82.4% when the CB fraction was increased to 30 wt%. CPCs having a high fraction of inorganic CB showed an advantage in the reduction of non‐biodegradable plastics usage. The porous PA6/CB composite is a promising EMI material with an absorption‐dominated mechanism in the engineering field. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Identification of active deubiquitinases in the chicken tissues
Authors: Nanduri Bindu , Gresham Cathy R. , Jones Gary , Bailey Richard H. , Edelmann Mariola J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe existing protein annotation in chicken is mostly limited to computational predictions based on orthology to other proteins, which often leads to a significant underestimation of the function of these proteins. Genome‐scale experimental annotation can provide insight into the actual enzymatic activities of chicken proteins. Amongst post‐translational modifications, ubiquitination is of interest as anomalies in ubiquitination are implicated in such diseases as inflammatory disorders, infectious diseases, or malignancies. Ubiquitination is controlled by deubiquitinases (DUBs), which remove ubiquitin from protein substrates. However, the DUBs have not been systematically annotated and quantified in chicken tissues. Here we used a chemoproteomics approach, which is based on active‐site probes specific to DUBs, and identified 26 active DUBs in the chicken spleen, cecum, and liver.
The effect of nonthermal plasma on the oxidation and removal of particulate matter under different diesel engine loads
Authors: Zhu Kan , Cai Yixi , Shi Yunxi , Lu Yirui , Zhou Yin , He Yong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNonthermal plasma (NTP) can oxidize and decompose particulate matter (PM) of diesel engines at low temperatures (≤200°C), exhibiting good application prospects. PM samples were collected under different diesel engine loads and were oxidized using an NTP method. The volatile fraction (VF) mass fraction of the PM samples decreases under low engine loads (<70%) and increases under high engine loads (≥70%) after the NTP treatment. NTP can remove aldehyde groups in PM and weaken the volatilization of PM. A higher temperature is needed for the VF to reach its maximum volatilization rate after the NTP treatment. The relative content of the small molecules is significantly higher after the NTP treatment.
Fuzzy stress‐strength reliability for weighted exponential distribution
Authors: Yazgan Ecem , Gürler Selma , Esemen Melek , Sevinc Busra 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study considers the reliability of the stress‐strength model in the presence of the fuzziness when the stress and strength variables have weighted exponential distribution with the common shape parameter. It obtains the mean remaining strength and fuzzy mean remaining strength for the weighted exponential distribution in order to calculate how long a component can live on average under the stress. The comparative simulation results with conventional and fuzzy approaches are presented to observe the effect of the parameter changes on the models using the maximum likelihood method for different sample sizes. In addition, the developed models are applied to two real data and estimation results were generated for two approaches.