bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells preferentially activate 11-oxygenated androgens
Authors: Schiffer Lina , Bossey Alicia , Kempegowda Punith , Taylor Angela E , Akerman Ildem , Scheel-Toellner Dagmar , Storbeck Karl-Heinz , Arlt Wiebke 
Published: January 2021

Objective
Androgens are important modulators of immune cell function. The local generation of active androgens from circulating precursors is an important mediator of androgen action in peripheral target cells or tissues. We aimed to characterize the activation of classic and 11-oxygenated androgens in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).

Methods
PBMCs were isolated from healthy male donors and incubated ex vivo with precursors and active androgens of the classic and 11-oxygenated androgen pathways. Steroids were quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The expression of genes encoding steroid-metabolizing enzymes was assessed by quantitative PCR.

Results
PBMCs generated eight-fold higher amounts of the active 11-oxygenated androgen 11-ketotestosterone than the classic androgen testosterone from their respective precursors. We identified the enzyme AKR1C3 as the major reductive 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in PBMCs responsible for both conversions and found that within the PBMC compartment natural killer cells are the major site of AKRC13 expression and activity. Steroid 5α-reductase type 1 catalyzed the 5α-reduction of classic but not 11-oxygenated androgens in PBMCs. Lag time prior to the separation of cellular components from whole blood increased serum 11-ketotestosterone concentrations in a time-dependent fashion, with significant increases detected from two hours after blood collection.

Conclusions
11-Oxygenated androgens are the preferred substrates for androgen activation by AKR1C3 in PBMCs, primarily conveyed by natural killer cell AKR1C3 activity, yielding 11-ketotestosterone the major active androgen in PBMCs. Androgen metabolism by PBMCs can affect the results of serum 11-ketotestosterone measurements, if samples are not separated in a timely fashion.

Significance statement
We show that human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) preferentially activate 11-ketotestosterone rather than testosterone when incubated with precursors of both the classic and the adrenal-derived 11-oxygenated androgen biosynthesis pathways. We demonstrate that this activity is catalyzed by the enzyme AKR1C3, which we found to primarily reside in natural killer cells, major contributors to the anti-viral immune defense. This potentially links intracrine 11-oxygenated androgen generation to the previously observed decreased NK cell cytotoxicity and increased infection risk in primary adrenal insufficiency. In addition, we show that PBMCs continue to generate 11-ketotestosterone if the cellular component of whole blood samples is not removed in a timely fashion, which could affect measurements of this active androgen in routine clinical biochemistry.
KARAKTERISTIK PERIKANAN TERI (ENGRAULIDAE) DI PANTAI UTARA JAWA-MADURA
Authors: ZAMRONI ACHMAD , Widiyastuti Heri , Suwarso Suwarso 
Published: January 2021

Perikanan teri berkembang sangat pesat khususnya di perairan utara Jawa Madura pada tahun terakhir ini. Kajian tentang karakteristik perikanan teri (Engraulidae) di sepanjang pantai utara Jawa-Madura dilaksanakan pada tahun 2017-2018, meliputi sebaran usaha perikanan, tipe armada-alat penangkapan ikan, aspek operasional penangkapan, hasil tangkapan-kelimpahan dan musim penangkapan ikan teri. Pengumpulan data pendaratan ikan teri dilakukan melalui survey di 11 lokasi pendaratan ikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 12 lokasi tempat pendaratan utama ikan teri di sepanjang pantai utara (pantura) Jawa dan Madura. Dua jenis alat dominan digunakan untuk penangkapan teri adalah pukat cincin dan payang; perikanan bersifat skala kecil, melakukan trip harian, dengan armada kapal penangkap berukuran dibawah 20 GT. Jaring umumnya menggunakan waring dengan mata jaring kecil (3/8 inch) di bagian kantong. Daerah penangkapan di perairan pantai yang dangkal, dekat dengan basis perikanan. Musim penangkapan ikan teri bervariasi, di wilayah bagian barat (Pulolampes, Larangan, Morodemak) berlangsung sekitar musim timur/tenggara (Mei Juli), sedangkan di wilayah bagian timur berlangsung pada awal musim timur dan berjalan cukup lama hingga bulan November (musim peralihan 2). Hasil tangkapan per unit upaya (CPUE, sebagai indek kelimpahan) diduga makin ke arah timur semakin rendah namun disertai musim penangkapan ikan lebih lama. Anchovy fishery has grown rapidly, especially in the northern waters of Java-Madura in the last year. The study on the characteristics of the anchovy fishery (Engraulidae) along the northern coast of Java-Madura was carried out in 2017-2018, covering the distribution of fisheries effort, types of fishing gear, operational aspects of fishing, catch-abundance and fishing season. The collection of anchovy landing data was carried out through a survey at 11 fish landing sites. The results showed that there were 12 main anchovy landing sites along the north coast (pantura) of Java and Madura. Two types of dominant fishing gear used for anchovies are purse seine and payang; Fisheries are small-scale, undertaking daily trips, with a fleet of fishing vessels under 20 GT. The nets generally use “waring” with small mesh (3/8 inch) in the codend. Fishing area in shallow coastal waters, close to the fishing base. The fishing season for anchovy varies, in the western region (Pulolampes, Larangan, Morodemak) it takes place around the east / southeast season (May-July), while in the eastern region it takes place at the beginning of the eastern season and lasts quite a long time until November (transition season 2) . The catch per unit effort (CPUE, as an abundance index) is thought to be getting lower eastward but accompanied by a longer fishing season.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KOMPOSISI IKAN TARGET DAN PRESENTASE TUTUPAN KARANG HIDUP DI KEPULAUAN KEI KECIL, MALUKU
Authors: Faricha Ana , Edrus Isa Nagib , Utama Rizkie Satriya , Dzumalex Ahmad R. , Salatalohi Abdullah , Prayuda Bayu 
Published: January 2021

Ikan terumbu karang memiliki peranan penting baik secara ekonomi maupun ekologi, namun kondisi terumbu karang termasuk di perairan Indonesia yang menjadi habitat utama ikan karang mengalami degradasi. Penelitian ikan karang sudah banyak dilakukan, namun di Indonesia kondisi habitat ikan karang memiliki karakter yang berbeda-beda. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara komposisi ikan karang target dan tutupan karang hidup. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2019 di Kepulauan Kei Kecil, Maluku. Metode yang digunakan adalah UVC (Underwater Visual Census) untuk data ikan karang dan UPT (Underwater Photo Transect) untuk mengkaji tutupan karang hidup. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 130 spesies ikan karang target yang mewakili 19 famili, dengan variasi jenis ikan target antar lokasi pengamatan berkisar antara 25-66 spesies. Kepadatan rata-rata ikan karang target sebesar 8.811 ± 4.107 Ind/ha, dan biomassa rata-rata 1.335 ± 899 Kg/ha. Komposisi ikan karang target yang memiliki kedekatan dengan tutupan karang hidup yaitu famili Siganidae, Serranidae, Lutjanidae, Holocentridae, dan Pomacentridae. Akan tetapi hubungan tersebut rendah, dan kemungkinan besar ada faktor lain yang mempengaruhi. Reef fishes have an important economic and ecological values. However, the coral reef of the globe including in the most of the Indonesian waters which is the vital habitat for reef fishes is degraded. Study on the reef fishes is an abundance, while the habitat characteristic of reef fishes in Indonesian waters has a differences. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the target reef fishes compositions and the percentage live coral covers. This study was carried out in October 2019 at the Kei Kecil islands, Maluku. The method used in this study is UVC (Underwater Visual Census) for collecting the reef fishes data, and the UPT (Underwater Photo Transect) for assessing the live coral coverage. The result shows that there are about 130 fishes, which representing 19 families, with species variation ranges from 25 to 66 species among the observation sites. The average density of target fishes was about 8.811 ± 4.107 Ind/ha, whereas the average biomass of target fishes was 1,335 ± 899 Kg/ha. The target reef fishes compositions that has relation with live coral covers is family Siganidae, Serranidae, Lutjanidae, Holocentridae, and Pomacentridae. However, this relationship is weak, and may influenced by other factors.
Topical Outline of Subject Matter in the Berlin MS Germ. Quart. 414
Authors: Schroeder Mary Juliana 
Published: January 2021

Scholars and students interested in doing research work in Meistergesang will find Berlin 414 an important MS for this genre. In content, for example, it has more to offer even than the famed Kolmar MS or the Dresden M 13.True, the Kolmar MS is in the lead numerically, as it lists more poems or Lieder than the Berlin 414, but in handling the Karl Bartsch edition of the MS, the author frequently felt that it was unsatisfactory and had many limitations when the checking of the contents was concerned, since there are but 203 Lieder completely printed out of the 940 poems. In the Berlin MS we find just about every one of the 398 poems given in their entirety.
Cooper and the Barbary Coast
Authors: Scudder Harold H. 
Published: January 2021

In his preface to Homeward Bound Cooper tells the reader that this book… was commenced with a sole view to exhibit the present state of society the United States, through the agency in part, of a set of characters with different peculiarities, who had freshly arrived from Europe, and to whom the distinctive features of the country would be apt to present themselves with greater force, than to those who had never lived beyond the influence of the things portrayed. By the original plan, the work was to open at the threshold of the country, or with the arrival of the travellers at Sandy Hook, from which point the tale was to have been carried regularly forward to its conclusion. But a consultation with others has left little more of these plan than the hatter's friends left of his sign. As a vessel was introduced in the first chapter, the cry was for “more ship,” until the work has become “all ship”; it actually closing at, or near, the spot where it was originally intended it should commence.
Dietrich von Bern as a Literary Symbol
Authors: Jones George Fenwick 
Published: January 2021

During the wedding feast in Heinrich Wittenwiler's Ring* one of the peasants notices how quickly the food is disappearing; soEr wolt eim fresser legen abUnd sprach: “Her Guggoch ist ein man,Der selber lieder tichten chanVon Dietreichen dem Perner.“Tricked by the flattery, Guggoch sings a popular song about the great Gothic emperor while the others greedily devour the food. The purpose of this essay is to explain why Wittenwiler chose this particular song for his peasant bard.
Honors and Prizes in the Mla Field
Authors: Johnson S. F. 
Published: January 2021

Two Centuries Ago another Dr. Johnson, commenting on the griefs and dangers that beset the scholar, advised him to pause a while from letters to be wise:Deign on the passing world to turn thine eyes …There mark what ills the scholar's life assail,Toil, envy, want, the garret, and the gaol.See nations slowly wise, and meanly just,To buried merit raise the tardy bust.A few years later he indicated that patrons are even greater ills than garrets in the life of the scholar. The corporate patronage of our time represents some advance over the system of individual patronage that was dying in the eighteenth century, and, in the field of modern scholarship, living merit is generally acknowledged–if not always in due proportion or in the crude but useful form of hire and salary. In two centuries there has been apparent progress, though it would be difficult to say how much. It is not the purpose of this essay to refute the universality of Dr. Johnson's sobering generalization but, for our own time and place, to qualify and perhaps to document it by surveying the honors reserved for living scholars, specifically those honors awarded by groups or institutions in the United States and Canada that have been or might conceivably be given to MLA members in recognition of unusual achievement.
Thoreau's Feminine Foe
Authors: Harding Walter 
Published: January 2021

As Henry Seidel Canby pointed out in his life of Thoreau fifteen years ago, there is a strange gap in the biography of Thoreau that has never been filled. In Sanborn's edition of the Familiar Letters of Thoreau (Boston, 1894), there is a letter of 14 November 1847 to Emerson, traveling in England at the time, stating in part:I have had a tragic correspondence, for the most part all on one side, with Miss _____ She did really wish to—I hesitate to write—marry me—that is the way they spell it. Of course I did not write a deliberate answer—how could I deliberate upon it? I sent back a distinct No, as I have learned to pronounce after considerable practice, and I trust that this No has succeeded. Indeed I wished that it might burst like hollow shot after it had struck and buried itself, and make itself felt there. There was no other way. I really had anticipated no such foe as this in my career. (p. 166)
Role of positron emission tomography in predicting early tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer
Authors: Chanchikova N. G. , Karlova E. A. , Savelyeva A. S. , Silkina O. A. , Chernov V. I. , Zelchan R. V. , Bragina O. D. , Medvedeva A. A. 
Published: January 2021

Background. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is an important stage in the treatment of patients with breast cancer. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/СT) with fluorodeoxyglucose labeled with 18F (18F-FDG) is widely used as an effective method of metabolic tumor imaging at the stages of treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using PET/CT with 18F-FDG to determine the early tumor response to NACT.Materials and methods. The results of PET/CT with 18F-FDG in 27 patients with breast cancer were retrospectively analyzed. The study was performed before the start of NACT, after the 2nd cycle of chemotherapy and after completion of all courses, the maximum accumulation of 18F-FDG in the tumor tissue (SUVmax), as well as the dynamics of changes in SUVmax after NACT (SUV(%)) were assessed. According to the results of postoperative morphological examination, the patients were divided into two groups: with complete tumor regression (pCR) and with no complete tumor regression (non-pCR).Results. The results of the study showed that the SUV(%) between the primary and interim examination, as well as between the intermediate and preoperative PET/CT scans, was 66.6 ± 13.3 % and 31.6 ± 17.5 %, respectively. The dynamics of SUV(%) between the primary and intermediate scans in the pCR and non-pCR groups was 79.04 ± 4.1 % and 63.8 ± 13.1 %, respectively (p = 0.02). The SUVmax value in the pCR and non-pCR groups during the primary PET/CT scan was 8.5 ± 0.78 and 8.2 ± 0.78, respectively (p = 0.5), while the intermediate scan was 1.8 ± 0.35 and 3.0 ± 0.14 (p = 0.03). Based on the research results, an ROC analysis was carried out, which showed that the optimal value of SUV(%) is 73.55 %, which showed the highest sensitivity and specificity.Discussion. Given that the change in SUVmax between primary and intermediate PET/CT was more pronounced than between intermediate and preoperative scans, it can be assumed that metabolic changes in the background of NACT are observed already in the early stages of treatment and persist until the end of therapy, thus, the ineffectiveness of the chemotherapy regimen can be determined using an intermediate PET/CT scan and a timely change in the treatment plan.Conclusions. We consider 73.55 % to be the optimal value of SUV(%) for intermediate PET/CT scanning; for this indicator and above, it is expected to expect a complete morphological response of the tumor to NACT. We believe that PET/CT with 18F-FDG at an intermediate stage of observation during NACT is a valuable method for predicting early tumor response to therapy.
The prospect of using liquid biopsy in diagnosis and treatment strategy in patients with carcinomas of unknown primary
Authors: Kononenko I. B. , Filippova M. G. , Snegovoy A. V. , Gutorov S. L. 
Published: January 2021

Background. The search and use of new molecular prognostic and predictive markers of efficacy detected by liquid biopsy are aimed at understanding the biology of Carcinomas of Unknown Primary (CUP) and improving results of patient treatment. The review is devoted to advances in scientific and clinical research on this issue.Materials and methods. In order to assess the current state of the problem, a search and analysis of relevant data of the scientific databases PubMed, Medline, RISC was carried out.Results. The scientific rationale for the use of liquid biopsy in clinical practice to improve the treatment of cancer patients with CUP is presented. The results of the use of modern approaches to the analysis of fluid biopsy samples in CUP are presented. In particular, the features of using circulating free DNA, circulating tumor DNA, circulating tumor cells in the analysis are considered. The modern possibilities of determining tissue specificity using liquid biopsy in CUP are discussed. The prospects for the development of liquid biopsy for improving diagnostics, determining the prognosis of the disease, and choosing a strategy for treating CUP and the treatment monitoring have been determined.Conclusion. A review of the literature confirms that modern methods of molecular profiling of tumor cells obtained both as a result of liquid biopsy and tissue biopsies will make a significant contribution to the determination of tissue specificity, molecular characteristics of CUP for a personalized approach in order to improve strategies and treatment outcomes for patients with CUP.
Effect of CRABP1 expression on the proliferation and the sensitivity to retionoic acid of breast cancer cells of different origin
Authors: Enikeev A. D. , Komelkov A. V. , Axelrod M. E. , Galetsky S. A. , Tchevkina E. M. 
Published: January 2021

Background.Retinoic acid (RA), by modulation of the transcription of a number of retinoid-responsive genes, is involved in the regulation of cell differentiation and proliferation. The mechanisms by which the RA-binding proteins, molecular chaperones CRABP1 and CRABP2 (Cellular Retinoic Acid Proteins-1 and -2), participate in the realization of RA activity, as well as their precise role in tumor progression are still not fully understood. Recent data indicate that functional differences of CRABP proteins with respect to malignization of breast cancer cells could be determined by different sensitivity of tumor cells to RA and with the receptor status of the tumor.Materials and methods.The CRABP1 coding sequence was overexpressed in breast cancer cells without endogenous expression of this protein, with different levels of RA sensitivity and receptor status – SKBR3 (RA-sensitive, ER(–) / HER2(+) cells) and MDA-MB-231 (RA-resistant, triple negative status). The growth of CRABP1(+) derivatives and control cells was evaluated under standard culture conditions and in the presence of various concentrations of RA.Results.The effect of CRABP1 expression in RA-sensitive and RA-resistant breast cancer cells with different receptor status on the growth rate and sensitivity of cells to RA was studied. The expression of CRABP1 in RA-sensitive SKBR3 cells enhances proliferation in the absence of RA and decreases the antiproliferative effect of RA, while in RA-resistant triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cells, the expression of CRABP1 does not affect the studied characteristics.Conclusion.CRABP1 stimulates growth and suppresses the RA-sensitivity of HER2(+) RA-sensitive cells, but does not have a similar effect on highly aggressive triple-negative RA-resistant cells.
Arduino based platform for process control learning
Authors: Henrique Bruna Couto Molinar , Henrique Leonardo Couto Molinar , Henrique Humberto Molinar 
Published: January 2021

This work deals with implementation of an experimental flowrate control unit using free and low-cost hardware and software. The open-source software Processing was used to develop the source codes and user graphical interface and the open-source electronic prototyping platform Arduino was used to acquire data from an experimental unit. Work presents descriptions of the experimental setup, the real-time PID controllers used and theoretical/conceptual issues of Arduino. PID controllers based on internal model control, minimization of the integral of time-weighted absolute error, Ziegler-Nichols, and others were tuned for setpoint and load changes and real-time runs were carried out in order to make real-time use of control theory learned in academy. Results showed the developed platform proved to be suitable for use in experimental setups allowing users compare their ideas and expectations with the experimental evidence in a real and low-cost fashion. In addition, the instrumentation is simple to configure with acceptable level noise and particularly useful for control/automation learning with educational purposes.
Determination of ammoniacal nitrogen in samples of food, soil, fertilizers and water based on the reaction with formaldehyde
Authors: Santos Juracir Silva , Reis César , Reis Efraim Lázaro , Jesus Raildo Mota de , Reis Luís Gustavo Teixeira dos , Matias Alexsandro Antônio 
Published: January 2021

Ammonium ion of digested samples of food, soil, fertilizer and water was determined based on the reaction of the ammonium ion with formaldehyde, and then titrated with sodium hydroxide solution. The optimization of variables such as the amount of formaldehyde and EDTA concentration carried out through univariate analysis. Under optimized conditions, the method allowed ammonium determination with the achieved detection limit of 1.83 mg L-1, a quantification limit of 6.11 mg L-1 and precision of 6.0 - 0.5% for ammonium solutions of 0.400 - 3.773 mg L-1 concentration, respectively. The procedure was validated using the Kjeldahl method. The method was successfully applied to determinate ammonium in samples of water, soil, fertilizer and oat. The proposed procedure resulted in a simple, fast and cost effective method to the determination of ammonium in routine analysis.