bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving small-scale cultivation of Spodoptera frugiperda 9 cells by silanizing glassware
Authors: Worch Kristina , Mühlnickel Benjamin Ole , Pieper Jana , Burse Antje 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCultivating insect cells in glass vessels can be challenging. Due to uncontrolled cell adhesion and associated cell loss as well as clumping, the replication of experiments is put at risk. A cost-effective solution to improve and stabilize cultivation may be to silanize glass vessels, making them more hydrophobic and chemically inert. Therefore, the cell growth parameters of Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf) 9 cells were characterized in an experiment comparing silanized and non-silanized vessels of three different sizes. Silanization had a significantly positive effect on living cell count and viability in small-scale cultivation (10 ml culture tubes and 50 ml culture flasks) by reducing adhesion of cells to the vessel walls. The treatment also improved the comparability of the biological replicates by reducing the variance of measurements. No such effects could be observed for larger 250 ml culture flasks. Overall, the results indicate that silanization can improve cultivation, especially when working with small glass vessels.
Detection of Lip, Tongue, Masseter, and Temporalis Muscle Contractions with Electromyography Tools as an Early Diagnostic Medium for Dentoalveolar Malocclusion
Authors: Achmad Harun , Areni Intan Sari , Sumintarti Sumintarti , Ramadhany Sri , Ardiansya Reza , Edy Sarwo , Kuandinata Wesley 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objectives This study aims to detect early class I, II, and III malocclusions through the muscle strength of the lips, tongue, masseter, and temporalis.
Materials and Methods The study subjects were 30 pediatric patients with predetermined criteria. The subjects were divided into class I, II, and III malocclusions where each classification of malocclusion amounted to 10 people. Subjects were differentiated according to gender and age. Tongue pressure during swallowing was recorded by a palatal measurement sensor system. The strength of the activity was assessed when the lip muscles resisted as hard as possible the traction plate placed between the teeth and the lips, then the force was connected to an electromyograph (EMG) to be measured. Temporal and masseter muscle contractions were assessed when the muscles performed swallowing, chewing, mouth opening, resting, mouth closing, and biting movements.
Statistical Analysis Data analysis using the SPSS application was performed with the ANOVA test if the data distribution was normal, and if the data distribution was not normal, then the Kruskal–Wallis test was used. Significant data were evaluated by post-hoc tests using least significant difference if the data distribution was normal or the Mann–Whitney test if the data distribution was not normal.
Results It was found that there was a significant difference in the left masseter muscle and left temporalis muscle.
Conclusion EMG can be considered as a tool to detect class I, II, and III malocclusions through muscle contraction. Biting and chewing positions have satisfactory EMG examination results for malocclusion detection. Age and gender of the child may affect the results of EMG examination in certain conditions.
Reparative justice and the victim’s burden: why accepting an apology is not a moral obligation
Authors: Hay Colin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA number of authors make a seemingly compelling case for holding the victim of a wrong morally obliged to accept the genuine apology of the wrongdoer. This is a crucial issue in questions of reparative justice, since reparation typically requires not just the giving but also the acceptance of an apology. Yet it is a case that we should ultimately reject. If it is credible to think that the victim might suffer anew in exercising any duty of this kind, that suffering must be factored into the moral reckoning from the outset. It is only if we can be sure that the victim will not suffer again by attending to, and ultimately accepting, the wrongdoer’s apology that it would be right to impose upon her any duty of this kind. Yet, in all non-trivial cases, the victim’s burden is unknowable in advance and has the potential to be considerable. In such situations, I argue, the victim has no duty to accept the wrongdoer’s apology. There are limits, too, to the utility of the bipartite victim-wrongdoer account of reparation on which such arguments are typically predicated. For the harm the wrongdoer causes is not exclusively suffered by the immediate victim but also by the community of all potential victims. Genuine reparative justice requires more than a recalibration of the relative moral standing of the wrongdoer and the victim through the giving and receiving of an apology. I consider how this might be achieved without imposing upon the victim a burden that fails to achieve the moral reckoning anticipated.
Banking with ixml and XForms
Authors: Pemberton Steven 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
My bank offers me my bank records as CSV, which is easy enough to convert to XML for input to my XForms banking application.
But they don't offer my credit card records digitially, only as a screen display.
To solve this I use ixml to convert that text to XML, as input to the application. A real-world application of ixml.
Sensitive photoelectrochemical determination of low concentrations of chlortetracycline by combining in situ electrochemically reduced BiOBr with SPR active AuNPs
Authors: Cui Zhankui , Zhou Ling , Li Xiangmin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The concentrations of tetracyclines can be conveniently measured by photoelectrochemical (PEC) technique using semiconductor electrodes. However, the sensitivity of the detection is greatly restricted by the photoelectric response. Herein, Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) were dispersed on the surface of in situ electrochemically reduced BiOBr (ERBOB) electrode so as to generate more photoinduced electrons and synergistically enhance the charge separation through electrochemical reduction induced oxygen vacancy defects (OVD). In contrast with pure BiOBr sample, the FTO/ERBOB/AuNPs photoelectrode displays wider visible light absorption range and higher photoinduced carrier separation efficiency, resulting in the remarkable enhancement of the photoelectric response. A plausible mechanism suggests that the strong interaction between the positively charged OVD layer in ERBOB and the adjacent SPR active Au nanoparticle layer play a key role in the amplification of the photoelectric signal. Additionally, the photoelectrode exhibits a highly sensitive signal-off type detection performance when used to determine low value concentrations of chlortetracycline. The sensitivity is 53.9 nA per decade of concentration and the detection limit of 0.073 μM at 3σ/S. It is believed that the designed layered structure and the facile fabrication procedure will shed some lights on the design and preparation of high performance metal oxide-SPR NPs related photoelectrodes.
Design and Optimization of Novel Double Perovskite-Cs2PdBr6 Solar Cell with Organic–Inorganic Charge Transport Layers: A Numerical SCAPS-1D Simulation
Authors: Maher Un Nisa Tariq , Kashif Muhammad , Pandey Rahul , Malik Mahnoor 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSC) exhibit excellent optoelectronic performance but have stability and toxicity problems. In order to address this challenge, lead-free Double perovskites solar cells (DPSC) have drawn a lot of attention because of their inherent thermodynamic stability and low toxicity. In this work, lead-free double perovskite Cs2PdBr6 is demonstrated using the Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS-1D) software. This study thoroughly investigated hole transport layers (HTLs including P3HT, CuI, CBTS, NiO, PEDOT: PSS, Spiro-OMeTAD) in combination with lead-free absorber layer Cs2PdBr6 and electron transport layers (ETLs such as ZnO, WS2, SnS2, WO3, SnO2, TiO2). CBTS had the best HTL for Cs2PdBr6 over all six ETLs, resulting in an efficient power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.19% with SnS2. Thickness variation, back contact, doping density, temperature, defect density, series and shunt resistance were optimized. The solar cell obtained the highest PCE of 29.3%, an open circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.05 V, a short circuit current density (JSC) of 32.61 mA/cm2, and a fill factor (FF) of 85.30%. Results were optimized at 2200 nm absorber thickness and 280 K working temperature. The optimized device FTO/SnS2/Cs2PdBr6/CBTS/Au has remarkable optical and electrical properties that make it appropriate for optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications.
Adversarial purification using a modified guided diffusion model and adaptive self-supervised training
Authors: Zabihzadeh Davood , Razzaq Abed Alameer Hawraa , Mousavirad Seyed Jalaleddin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
As the applications of deep neural networks broaden, enhancing their robustness against adversarial attacks becomes increasingly important. Multiple studies have demonstrated their vulnerability to adversarial perturbations. This paper presents an iterative method employing a probabilistic diffusion model, guided by a self-supervised training strategy, to purify potential adversarial inputs. Specifically, the diffusion process blends the adversarial noise with incrementally added Gaussian noise. Subsequently, both types of noise are removed during the guided denoising process. Unlike existing methods that use a fixed number of iterations and rely on the adversarial input for guidance, our scoring-based approach dynamically adjusts the purification duration for each individual image, thereby reducing computational overhead and minimizing the side effects caused by excessive purification. Additionally, we modify the input at each iteration using a self-supervised strategy and then utilize this modified input to guide the denoising process, resulting in better adversarial robustness. Since the proposed method operates without any label information, it can be applied to various training paradigms, including supervised, semi-supervised, self-supervised, and unsupervised learning. We conduct several experiments on widely used machine vision datasets to evaluate the efficacy of the proposed method. The results confirm that our method effectively eliminates adversarial perturbations across these datasets. For example, under a white-box PGD attack with an l

∞
ball (ϵ = 8/255) on CIFAR-10, our method achieves a robust accuracy of 92.13%, surpassing the state-of-the-art by 3.68%.
Plant and soil responses to ground-mounted solar panels in temperate agricultural systems
Authors: Carvalho Fabio , Montag Hannah , Bentley Laura , Šarlej Radim , Broyd Rosanne C , Blaydes Hollie , Cattin Marta , Burke Miranda , Wallwork Abby , Ramanayaka Sammani , White Piran C L , Sharp Stuart P , Clarkson Tom , Armstrong Alona 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In the move to decarbonise energy supplies to meet Net Zero targets, ground-mounted solar farms have proliferated around the world, with uncertain implications for hosting ecosystems. We provide some of the first evidence on the effects of ground-mounted solar panels on plant and soil properties in temperate agricultural systems. We sampled 32 solar farms in England and Wales in summer 2021. Plant cover and aboveground biomass, as well as soil nutrients and physiochemical properties, were quantified on land underneath solar panels, in the gaps between rows of solar arrays, and in control land (pasture) adjacent to three solar farms. Plant cover and aboveground biomass were significantly lower under solar panels than in the gaps between solar arrays and in pastures. Soil compaction was 14.4% and 15.5% higher underneath solar panels than in gaps and pastures, respectively. Soil organic carbon was 9% lower under solar panels than in gaps, while particulate organic matter was 29.1% and 23.6% lower under solar panels than in gaps and pastures, respectively. Soil mineral nitrogen was 30.5% higher under solar panels than in gaps, while soil (plant-available) phosphorus was approximately 60% higher in solar farm soils than in pasture soils. Reductions in solar radiation and changes to microclimate caused by solar panels may be driving lower plant productivity and growth, with consequences for nutrient cycling and soil properties. However, impacts must be considered in light of the previous land use and the total land area under solar panels, in the gaps between solar arrays, and around the margins of the solar farm. Our findings can inform solar farm design and management options (e.g. increase the proportion of land unaffected by solar panels, enhance plant cover under solar panels) to ensure the long-term provision of ecosystem services (e.g. soil carbon storage) within this fast-growing land use.
Development and evaluation of a 532 nm iodine-stabilized laser frequency standard at PGMF
Authors: Zhang Zhenqi , You Wen , Liu Xingyue , Liu Hongli , Zhang Jie , Deng Ke , Lu Zehuang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This work presents the development and evaluation of a 532 nm iodine-stabilized laser frequency standard at the National Precise Gravity Measurement Facility (PGMF) in China. The 532 nm laser serves as the length reference for high precision absolute gravimeters that are developed at PGMF. The absolute frequency measurement of the hyperfine transition R(56)32-0:a10 line of the molecular iodine at 532 nm is extensively performed. The absolute frequency measurement is carried out through an optical frequency comb, which is referenced to a hydrogen maser. The maser output frequency is calibrated by a local time-scale system, which is traced to the Coordinated Universal Time. To verify the measurement reliability of the optical frequency comb, an acetylene-stabilized laser from the National Institute of Metrology of China (NIM) is employed as the frequency transfer standard. The major noise contributions are studied, and the uncertainty of the 532 nm laser system is evaluated. The absolute frequency of the laser locked to the molecular iodine R (56) 32-0: a10 hyperfine transition line is measured to be 563 260 223 515.0 kHz, with a total uncertainty of 5.1 kHz. The frequency instability of the laser is measured to be about 3 × 10−13/τ
1/2 over the averaging time of 1 s–100 s. These results are consistent with previous international findings. This study thus will support and validate the traceability of gravity measurements at PGMF to the SI units.
Enhancing termite mound soil blocks with natural fibers and Portland cement: a sustainable approach to construction
Authors: Mitikie Bahiru Bewket , Elsaigh Walied A , Hardido Adane Shank 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The use of termite mound soil as a construction material has the potential for sustainable and cost-effective building practices due to its abundance. This research aims to utilize the enzymatic properties of termite mound soil to improve the production of stabilized soil blocks, focusing on enhancing strength, durability, and sustainability. Cement is used as a stabilizing agent, while fibers reinforce the blocks to achieve the desired strength. The study explores different proportions of sisal fiber (ranging from 0.25% to 1.25%) and cement (ranging from 5% to 15%) to optimize block performance. The termite mound soil, sisal fiber, and cement mix designs were thoroughly analyzed to formulate the soil blocks. Standardized blocks were cast and subjected to tests for compressive strength, dry density, shrinkage, and erosion resistance. The findings indicate that adding 1% sisal fiber and 10% cement achieves a compressive strength of 10.2 MPa. Additionally, the study shows that increasing fiber content reduces the linear shrinkage and water erosion rate of the blocks. This research highlights the viability of using termite mound soil blocks enhanced with fiber and cement as a preferred construction material, both in terms of engineering and sustainability.
Deep-learning-based canopy height model generation from sub-meter resolution panchromatic satellite imagery
Authors: Abolt Charles J , E Santos Javier , Atchley Adam L , Wells Lucas , Martin Daithi , Parsons Russell A , Linn Rodman R 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Canopy height models (CHMs) with sufficient resolution to distinguish individual trees are useful for a variety of applications. However, standard techniques to acquire such data, such as airborne lidar surveying, are often prohibitively expensive. Deep learning techniques for generating CHMs from high-resolution imagery are an attractive option to reduce costs. To date, success with these methods has been demonstrated using multichannel aerial photography and specialized satellite data products derived from multiple sensors, neither of which is commonly available at temporal resolutions finer than one year. Here we demonstrate a method to generate sub-meter resolution CHMs in three forests in California using a more abundant data source: sub-meter resolution, panchromatic satellite imagery from a single sensor. We show that phenology and species composition play important roles in model transferability; when trained using imagery from a single conifer forest in autumn, the model performs well on autumn imagery from a second conifer forest several hundred kilometers distant with no re-training. With modest additions to the training dataset, the same model generates minimally biased estimates of canopy height in both conifer and deciduous forests during multiple seasons. Because the model operates on satellite data with global coverage and a relatively short return interval, we propose its suitability to extrapolate tree-level canopy height data to remote regions and conduct high-temporal resolution monitoring of forest structure. We furthermore demonstrate the workflow’s applicability to fire modeling by conducting simulations in forests populated by trees measured using both this approach and airborne lidar surveying. We find minimal differences in fire behavior relative to a baseline case in which only statistical distributions of tree height and crown area are known. This result underscores the value of forest structural information derived from our workflow for improving the fidelity of wildland fire simulations, among other ecological applications.
Precise identification of somatic and germline variants in the absence of matched normal samples
Authors: Li Hui , Meng Lu , Wang Hongke , Cui Liang , Sheng Heyu , Zhao Peiyan , Hong Shuo , Du Xinhua , Yan Shi , Xing Yun , Feng Shicheng , Zhang Yan , Fang Huan , Bai Jing , Liu Yan , Lan Shaowei , Liu Tao , Guan Yanfang , Xia Xuefeng , Yi Xin , Cheng Ying 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Somatic variants play a crucial role in the occurrence and progression of cancer. However, in the absence of matched normal controls, distinguishing between germline and somatic variants becomes challenging in tumor samples. The existing tumor-only genomic analysis methods either suffer from limited performance or insufficient interpretability due to an excess of features. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an alternative approach that can address these issues and have practical implications. Here, we presented OncoTOP, a computational method for genomic analysis without matched normal samples, which can accurately distinguish somatic mutations from germline variants. Reference sample analysis revealed a 0% false positive rate and 99.7% reproducibility for variant calling. Assessing 2864 tumor samples across 18 cancer types yielded a 99.8% overall positive percent agreement and a 99.9% positive predictive value. OncoTOP can also accurately detect clinically actionable variants and subclonal mutations associated with drug resistance. For the prediction of mutation origins, the positive percent agreement stood at 97.4% for predicting somatic mutations and 95.7% for germline mutations. High consistency of tumor mutational burden (TMB) was observed between the results generated by OncoTOP and tumor-normal paired analysis. In a cohort of 97 lung cancer patients treated with immunotherapy, TMB-high patients had prolonged PFS (P = .02), proving the reliability of our approach in estimating TMB to predict therapy response. Furthermore, microsatellite instability status showed a strong concordance (97%) with polymerase chain reaction results, and leukocyte antigens class I subtypes and homozygosity achieved an impressive concordance rate of 99.3% and 99.9% respectively, compared to its tumor-normal paired analysis. Thus, OncoTOP exhibited high reliability in variant calling, mutation origin prediction, and biomarker estimation. Its application will promise substantial advantages for clinical genomic testing.
A puzzling renal Fanconi Syndrome
Authors: Haydock Ludwig , Hureaux Marguerite , Hoffmann Maxime , Vargas-Poussou Rosa , Knebelmann Bertrand 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Renal Fanconi syndrome (FS) can be either acquired or inherited. When FS presents at a young age, it is typically inherited, with cystinosis being the most common cause. In this report, we describe a rare cause of autosomal dominant FS, Fanconi renotubular syndrome type 3 (FRTS3) caused by the already reported heterozygous p.E3K variant in EHHADH gene. Only two FRTS3 families have been reported in the literature, and the kidney function was stated as normal or only slightly decreased into late life. Our family expands the spectrum of FRTS3, with some individuals showing only glucosuria and mild low-molecular-weight proteinuria (LMWP), while others exhibited complete FS with rickets. Importantly, we observed impairment of kidney function at a young age in our proband, highlighting a broader phenotypic variability associated with FRTS3.
Promoting human rights-based deinstitutionalization in Lithuania by applying the World Health Organization’s QualityRights Assessments
Authors: Grigaitė Ugnė , Levickaitė Karilė , Juodkaitė Dovilė , Goštautaitė-Midttun Nijolė 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Lithuania ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) in 2010 and started deinstitutionalization in 2014. This reform covers segregated social care institutions where persons with mental health conditions, psychosocial, and/or intellectual disabilities live. It aims to move away from institutional care and towards community-based services. Mental healthcare services are also a part of the complex picture, undergoing its own reform since 2022. This study aims to assess the human rights conditions and standards of care in Lithuanian psychiatric and social care facilities in the context of deinstitutionalization. Data collection assessments were conducted in psychiatric hospitals and psychiatric units in general hospitals, segregated social care homes, and community-based group living homes. Independent experts collected data through documentation review, observation, and semistructured interviews with service users and staff. The study followed the World Health Organization’s QualityRights Toolkit methodology. In all assessed facilities, regardless of their type, the human rights of service users are often undermined, especially the right to exercise legal capacity, personal liberty and security, freedom from seclusion and restraints, and the right to live independently and be included in the community. The study reveals shortcomings in the implementation of the UNCRPD and Lithuania’s attempts at deinstitutionalization. It points to key practical gaps and areas, including the vital need for better collaboration between the social and mental healthcare systems. The Lithuanian government needs to address these issues to make reforms more effective, safeguard human rights, and ensure the quality of mental health and social care services.