bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coping strategies in oral academic presentations of international undergraduate students in a Philippine university: a small-case study
Authors: Domingo Ephraim Viernes 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHigher education students are increasingly becoming aware of the importance of being successful in oral academic presentations (OAP) in their academic endeavors. For English as a second language students in English-medium institutions, it also provides them with opportunities for language socialization. However, succeeding in the delivery of an OAP comes with various challenges emerging from linguistic and psychological factors. This small-case study explores OAPs as an oral academic socialization activity by documenting the strategies that 13 international undergraduate students in a large private Philippine university use to cope with the difficulties facing them in preparing and presenting an OAP. Using language socialization as the theoretical framework and semi-structured interviews to gather data, it identifies and explains eight personal strategies (six still employed and two no longer used) and discusses various factors that play a vital role in applying these strategies. The three most commonly used strategies are adopted to ensure a successful and acceptable OAP, typically a graded task. The two least frequently used ones are yet to be employed successfully. In applying these strategies, students not only perform the required academic task but are also engaged in different levels and frequencies of language socialization before and during the delivery of an OAP. Pedagogical implications in the use of OAPs as an academic task for language socialization in higher education are also discussed.
Towards bilingual expertise – evaluating translanguaging pedagogy in bilingual degrees at the university level
Authors: Mickwitz Åsa , Lehtonen Heini , Cvetanović Dragana , Toom Auli 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A great deal of effort has been made in recent years to promote multilingual values in academia and society. This was one reason why the University of Helsinki introduced the Bilingual Bachelor’s programme (TvEx) in 2010 to guarantee a sufficient number of bilingual professionals in Finnish society. The aim of this study is to explore students’ reflections on the (learning) challenges they face in becoming bilingual experts. The data consist of lecture observations and 13 semi-structured retrospective interviews with 14 students conducted during 2018–2019. The results show that emerging bilingual students need to build a sense of belonging with both language groups in order to develop bilingual expertise. From the students’ point of view, teaching is experienced as satisfactory in terms of both language and content learning, especially in smaller teaching groups in which students feel safe to ask questions and where they are given individual support. It thus seems that learning in terms of both language and disciplinary content could be improved if teachers were to raise language awareness by explicitly addressing the language agenda of the class at the beginning of each course. They could, for example, initiate a discussion on the language situation(s) in the classroom in order to negotiate a functional set of teaching practices that would suit all students present in the class. Our findings also imply that teachers need to develop more student-centred approaches through which they can help their students to deepen content knowledge and to improve language skills.
Anxiety in academic speaking situations among EFL majors: a case study
Authors: Radić-Bojanić Biljana , Topalov Jagoda 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the study reported a total of 145 students pursuing the academic title of a BA in English language and literature were tested with the aim of establishing which explanatory variables have the independent power to explain the level of English language speaking anxiety. The instrument used in the study was taken from Yaikhong et al. (2012) and adapted for the purposes of the current investigation. The response variable in the study was the average level of anxiety measured by means of the questionnaire, whereas the explanatory variables included gender, the year of study, the number of presentations students gave during the course of their studies, the grade in language skills, the expected grade, the self-perceived proficiency and the perceived difficulty of the English language. The results reveal that gender, the expected grade and the self-perceived proficiency can account for the variation in the levels of anxiety among students. The paper ends with suggestions of interventions for helping students cope with the negative effects of anxiety on their speaking performance and learning experiences.
High power and immunity high Q PMC packaged dual notch high power suspended defected stripline filter
Authors: Elshafey Ahmed F. , Abdalla Mahmoud A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a novel high power high selective and high-Qpackaged dual band air suspended stripline notch filter is presented. The notch frequencies, at 2.4 and 3.5 GHz, were designed using defected suspended stripline (DSS). Moreover, the filter was packaged and shielded using perfect magnetic conductor (PMC). The DSS were designed using two frequency independent non-coupled cascaded U shape resonators. It has been proved that the filter attenuation has a sharp rejection characteristic (measured) at the two resonance frequencies (27 dB at 2.4 GHz) and (30 dB at 3.5 GHz) with Quality factor = (18). So, the sharp measured filter attenuation performance was further enhanced to become 38 dB at the two frequencies. The achieved results are discussed and confirmed using different circuit, 3D EM and experimental measurements. The designed filter can find many medium powers up to 20 kW applications.
Bayesian adaptive design of early-phase clinical trials for precision medicine based on cancer biomarkers
Authors: Yada Shinjo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Cancer tissue samples obtained via biopsy or surgery were examined for specific gene mutations by genetic testing to inform treatment. Precision medicine, which considers not only the cancer type and location, but also the genetic information, environment, and lifestyle of each patient, can be applied for disease prevention and treatment in individual patients. The number of patient-specific characteristics, including biomarkers, has been increasing with time; these characteristics are highly correlated with outcomes. The number of patients at the beginning of early-phase clinical trials is often limited. Moreover, it is challenging to estimate parameters of models that include baseline characteristics as covariates such as biomarkers. To overcome these issues and promote personalized medicine, we propose a dose-finding method that considers patient background characteristics, including biomarkers, using a model for phase I/II oncology trials. We built a Bayesian neural network with input variables of dose, biomarkers, and interactions between dose and biomarkers and output variables of efficacy outcomes for each patient. We trained the neural network to select the optimal dose based on all background characteristics of a patient. Simulation analysis showed that the probability of selecting the desirable dose was higher using the proposed method than that using the naïve method.
Kinetic-invariant analysis of dye degradation in an annular slurry bubble-column photo reactor
Authors: Munjal Guncha , Bhaskarwar Ashok N. , Chaudhary Amita 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Heterogeneous photocatalysis refers to the series of oxidation and reduction reactions on a semiconductor surface by the electrons and holes generated by absorption of light by the catalyst. This method is widely used for the degradation of dyes and their mixtures present in the textile effluent, and involves two main aspects, viz. a photocatalyst, and a photoreactor. TiO2 nanoparticles are well explored and among the best known photocatalysts used worldwide. Annular slurry bubble-column reactor is a commonly used photoreactor for dye(s) degradation. This research paper explores the effects of different parameters like air-flow rate, photocatalyst loading, and initial dye concentration on the dye degradation in an annular slurry bubble-column photoreactor. The results showed that the best dye degradation efficiencies were reported at an aeration rate of 1.7 × 10−4 m3/s and at a catalyst loading of 1.5 kg/m3. Higher the initial concentration of dye, the greater is the time taken for complete degradation and mineralization. A kinetic-invariant method, which is based on the dimensionless representation of existing data to predict the new experimental results, is used to develop a semi-empirical reactor performance equation. It can be used to predict the concentration of dye undergoing degradation in the photocatalytic reactor at any time without a need for further experimentation.
Assessing the involvement of the placental microbiome and virome in preeclampsia using non coding RNA sequencing
Authors: Yoffe Liron , Kuperman Amir A. , Isakov Ofer , Haguel Danielle , Polsky Avital L. , Farberov Luba , Pillar Nir , Gurevich Vyacheslav , Haviv Izhak , Shomron Noam 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Preeclampsia is a dangerous pregnancy complication. The source of preeclampsia is unknown, though the placenta is believed to have a central role in its pathogenesis. An association between maternal infection and preeclampsia has been demonstrated, yet the involvement of the placental microbiome in the etiology of preeclampsia has not been determined. In this study, we examined whether preeclampsia is associated with an imbalanced microorganism composition in the placenta.

Methods
To this end, we developed a novel method for the identification of bacteria/viruses based on sequencing of small non-coding RNA, which increases the microorganism-to-host ratio, this being a major challenge in microbiome methods. We validated the method on various infected tissues and demonstrated its efficiency in detecting microorganisms in samples with extremely low bacterial/viral biomass. We then applied the method to placenta specimens from preeclamptic and healthy pregnancies. Since the placenta is a remarkably large and heterogeneous organ, we explored the bacterial and viral RNA at each of 15 distinct locations.

Results
Bacterial RNA was detected at all locations and was consistent with previous studies of the placental microbiome, though without significant differences between the preeclampsia and control groups. Nevertheless, the bacterial RNA composition differed significantly between various areas of the placenta. Viral RNA was detected in extremely low quantities, below the threshold of significance, thus viral abundance could not be determined.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that the bacterial and viral abundance in the placenta may have only limited involvement in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. The evidence of a heterogenic bacterial RNA composition in the various placental locations warrants further investigation to capture the true nature of the placental microbiome.
Novel calcium carbonate filler for cellulose industry
Authors: Nikkhah Dafchahi Mostafa , Resalati Hossein , Zabihzadeh Seyed Majid , Nazarnezhad Noureddin , Asadpour Ghasem , Pirayesh Hamidreza 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrecipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) filler is used in many industrial products like constructions, plastics, pharmaceutics, etc. In this study producing cationic precipitated calcium carbonate filler for paper industry was investigated. Hence, a cationic polyacrylamide and cationic corn starch have been incorporated into the PCC particles to produce a modified filler with cationic structure and improved hydrogen bonding ability with cellulose fibers. According to the FESEM and XRD results, cubic-like fillers with prominently calcite polymorph and a slight amount of aragonite were successfully produced from the industrial burnt lime using carbonation process. The presence of organic substances in the structure of the modified samples was confirmed by FT-IR analysis. Besides, based on the FESEM results, filler morphology and particle size could be affected by the polymer content. In conclusion, introducing cationic groups to mineral fillers could be considered as a possible strategy to overcome some detrimental effects of using mineral fillers in paper products.
Die Möglichkeiten moderner apologetischer Lösungen des Theodizeeproblems – Dargestellt und betrachtet anhand des Lösungsversuchs von F.v. Kutschera, sowie einer Anregung von J. S. Mill
Authors: Jakovljević Dragan 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Aufsatz wird zunächst das klassische Theodizee-problem dargelegt und eine Typologie seiner möglichen Lösungsarten (apologetische Konzeptionen, Atheismus, begriffliche Modifikationen an der Gottesvorstellung, Agnostizismus) entworfen. Nach einer zusammenfassenden Erörterung dieser Strategien wendet sich der Verfasser einer reizvollen, bislang kaum beachteten Stellungnahme von J. S. Mill zu, die er dann innerhalb der weiteren Ausführungen zu berücksichtigen sucht. Im zweiten Teil des Aufsatzes wird die apologetische Lösung der Theodizee durch F. v. Kutschera systematisch rekonstruiert und kritisch beleuchtet. Diese Lösung hebt hervor, der letzte Sinn des Leidens sei zwar für uns nicht erfassbar, wir könnten aber im Vertrauen auf die Vorsehung Gottes annehmen und uns im Rahmen der Gemeinschaft mit Gott darauf verlassen, dass Heilsgeschichte zugleich Leidensgeschichte sei. Hierbei sollen wir im Glauben mit Gott den Weg zueinander gehen – wohin er auch führt. Nach einer partiellen Infragestellung dieser Lösung, stellt der Verfasser die Frage, ob unser Vertrauen zu Gott unter allen denkbaren Umständen bedingungslos bleiben sollte. Dabei wird auf die Risiken eines blinden und fanatischen Glaubens hingewiesen. Demgegenüber wird das Bedürfnis danach bejaht, unseren Glauben doch an die positiven Aussichten für die Erfüllung gewisser menschlicher Fundamentalerwartungen (keine Vernichtung von Menschheit sowie anderer Lebewesen, kein sinnloser und umfassender Weltuntergang, die Anerkennung und Bewahrung der Schöpfung etc.) zu binden.
Benjamin Constant’s Ideas as an Opportunity for the Substantiation of Religious Feeling only as Emotion
Authors: Kirsberg Igor W. 
Published: June 2021

Summary
On the basis of B. Constant’s ideas, this article discusses the possibility of studying religious feeling only as emotion and substantiates the superiority of this approach to the cognitive. The difficulties of the non-cognitive approach are mainly related to its fusion with the cognitive and can be overcome by a strict distinction between them. Religious feeling is thereby shown to be an ordinary emotion without any cognitive properties – only as a sensual stream that is specified by the particularities of its flow and its interactions with thought (and probably will). Its specificity as religious would be considered as the effect of such particularities and interactions. Further specification of this feeling – the differences among faith, religious hope, love, etc. – is proposed in the same manner, revealing and distinguishing nuances of its flow. In this way, religious feeling could be considered without mystification, and its nature would be understandable through the mechanism of consciousness. The whole of religion as reduced to religious feeling and consciousness would be accessible in its nature to the researcher while fully preserving its details as they occur in the believer’s consciousness.
Strong health systems for maternal health in the sustainable development era
Authors: Hermanns Sophie , Schmidt Jean-Olivier 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Maternal health is one of the 169 targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). While the SDGs are less focused on maternal health than their predecessors, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the SDGs’ commitments to multisectoral development, health systems, universal health coverage and equity could provide the foundations for sustainable advances in maternal health.
Risiken und Prävention der Frühgeburt
Authors: Berger Richard 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Die Frühgeburt hat wesentlichen Anteil an der perinatalen Morbidität und Mortalität. Ihre Inzidenz liegt in Deutschland seit Jahren bei ca. 8%. Betroffene Kinder, insbesondere Frühgeborenene vor 28 Schwangerschaftswochen, leiden an zum Teil erheblichen Entwicklungsstörungen. Derzeit fußt die Prävention der Frühgeburt auf der Beratung der Schwangeren über individuell vorliegende Risikofaktoren und deren Vermeidung. Bei Frauen mit früher Verkürzung des Gebärmutterhalses können darüber hinaus der Einsatz von Progesteron, einer Zerklage oder eines Zervixpessar hilfreich sein.
Screening nach Gewalt in der Schwangerschaft
Authors: Schulze Susen 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Häusliche Gewalt ist ein häufiges Problem, von dem auch schwangere Frauen betroffen sind. Vor der Einführung eines Routinescreenings in der Schwangerschaftsvorsorge ist es wichtig den Bedarf zu ermitteln. Im Rahmen der Implementierung sollten verschiedene Schritte zur Umsetzung diskutiert, Netzwerke und Kooperationen aufgebaut sowie ärztliches und pflegerisches Personal geschult werden.
Neugeborenen-Screening: Kriterien für die Aufnahme neuer Zielkrankheiten
Authors: Nennstiel Uta 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ein Screening auf schwere angeborene Stoffwechsel- und Hormonstörungen wird schon seit vielen Jahren allen Neugeborenen in Deutschland angeboten. Vor dem Hintergrund verbesserter diagnostisch- analytischer Möglichkeiten und neuer therapeutischer Optionen bei schweren angeborenen Erkrankungen wird eine Ausweitung auf zunehmend mehr Zielkrankheiten gefordert. Hier müssen zuvor neben der Evidenz die ethischen Voraussetzungen sorgfältig geprüft werden.
Sprach- und Integrationsmittler*innen in der geburtshilflichen Versorgung
Authors: Rocholl Angela 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Sprach- und Integrationsmittler*innen zeichnen sich neben dem fachspezifischen Dolmetschen durch soziokulturelles Vermitteln aus. Sprachbarrieren bei Schwangeren und jungen Müttern können zur gesundheitlichen Unterversorgung führen. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse zeigen unterschiedlich eingenommene Rollen in der Tätigkeit, die Chancen zur Integration in Netzwerkstrukturen bieten und den Ausbau der Qualifikation in Verbindung mit interprofessionellem Austausch und Weiterbildung notwendig machen.
Gibt es einen Hebammenmangel in Deutschland?
Authors: Blum Karl , Löffert Sabine 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
In den deutschen Krankenhäusern gibt es einen Mangel an Hebammen. Die Geburtenzahlen steigen stärker als die Anzahl der stationär tätigen Hebammen. Viele Krankenhäuser können offene Hebammenstellen nicht besetzen oder suchen dringend Beleghebammen. Die aktuellen Stellenpläne decken nicht den Bedarf nach der Leitlinienempfehlung der „Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF)“ zum Personalschlüssel sub partu ab. Auch außerklinisch ist eine Bedarfsdeckung in der Schwangerschafts- und Wochenbettbetreuung nicht durchgängig gewährleistet.
Frühe Hilfen: Beziehungsarbeit als Gelingensfaktor für den Zugang zu jungen Eltern
Authors: Tegethoff Dorothea , Streffing Joana , Grieshop Melita 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Um die Teilnahme junger Familien an Maßnahmen der Frühen Hilfen zu erhöhen, müssen geeignete Zugänge gefunden werden. In zwei Evaluationsprojekten wurden Expert∗innen und Nutzer∗innen zur Erreichbarkeit von Familien und Effektivität der Zugangswege befragt. Aus Sicht der Befragten sind Erstbesuche nach der Geburt geeignete Zugangswege. Daneben tragen wertschätzende Kommunikation der Mitarbeitenden in den Frühen Hilfen und Partizipation der Nutzer∗innen zum Gelingen einer guten Zusammenarbeit im Sinne der Familien bei.
Von Tauwetter und Tiefdruckgebieten
Authors: Günther Clemens 
Published: June 2021

Summary
Based on recent studies on ‘literary meteorology’, the article examines depictions of meteorology in Soviet literature. It contextualizes Daniil Granin’s Into the Storm (1962) and Anatolii Gladilin’s Forecast for tomorrow (1972) within the post-war history of meteorology and reads both texts as examples for a ‘popular meteorology’, in which important shifts in the Soviet culture of science can be detected. In difference to political readings of late Soviet prose on science, it holds, that literary texts can provide valuable insights into shifts of styles on thinking, the praxeology of science, its anthropological implications and into models of scientific evolution.
Introduction: How to Conceive Global Function Systems?
Authors: Stichweh Rudolf 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The introduction summarizes the analytical perspectives used and the conceptual structures introduced in the essays of this volume. On the basis of the results of this synthesis it proposes four directions for further research: 1. The identification of beginnings of functional differentiation in premodern societies in different world regions. 2. The analysis of conceptual transfers and of the contours of global categories that connect the regions of an emerging world society. 3. The historical-analytical tracing of the differentiation histories of the individual function systems. How do they expand on the basis of the symbol complexes of which they consist? 4. The study of the complexity of a functionally differentiated world society: The multiplicity of function systems, the intensification of interactions among them, the global problems behind the rise of new function systems, the varieties within function systems and the variant structural couplings between them.
Varieties and Variations of Functional Differentiation
Authors: Holzer Boris 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFunctional differentiation is associated with two salient features of globalization: First, societal subsystems such as the economy, science, religion and politics have become increasingly global in terms of the interconnectedness of their operations across the world. Second, they exhibit global structural similarities, for instance regarding functionally specific role relationships and corresponding formal organizations. However, functional differentiation entails not only more interconnectedness and homogenization but also considerable structural and institutional diversity. In this paper, I distinguish and examine two forms of diversity that emerge as consequences of functional differentiation:Varietiesof institutional structures that concern different ways of addressing functionally specific problems, on the one hand, and on the other, thevariationof forms of structural coupling among subsystems within a particular local or regional context.
Functions of Clientelism in Modern Politics
Authors: Kusche Isabel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractClientelism as a structure of political expectations is relevant for understanding both the development of states and present-day politics in many segments of the world-political system. It is a solution to three general problems that modern political systems face: the affirmation of central authority over a territory, the mobilization of voters in democratic elections, and the need to provide political careers for individuals. The article illustrates these problems and their clientelistic solution by drawing on the examples of Russia, Greece and Japan. In these cases, patron-client ties function as equivalents to solutions on which systems theory has mostly focused when describing modern political systems: autonomous bureaucratic administration, electoral campaigns based on political programs, and party organizations based on formal membership and ideology.