bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Figuring Out the Intended Meaning of Intonation in Some English Conversational Utterances
Authors: Farhan Mahmood Atiya , Hattab Huda Abed Ali 
Published: March 2021

The study aims at figuring out the intended meaning of intonation in some English conversational utterances together with identifying pitch variations that are determined by various syntactic constructions that impart the same illocutionary force of utterances. However, intonation is needed to delimit the communicative forces of utterances by virtue of its structure which the speakers intend to convey .This paper consists of four sections .Section one deals with phonology and its types .Section two discusses intonation in relation to style , forms and functions. Section three sheds some light on pragmatics. Section four deals in details with the intended meaning of intonation in some English conversational utterances. This paper comes up with meanings that are changed by virtue of ranges of intonation and pragmatics changes emotions from one person to another by rising or falling the voice of the speakers. In addition, the intended meaning function of intonation plays a role in determining the emotions of the speaker by ranges of intonation.
Problems Confronted By EFL Teachers in Applying The Communicative Approach in Iraqi Secondary Schools (2002 – 2013)
Authors: Abdul – Kareem (MA) Nataq Taha Abdul 
Published: March 2021

Since the academic year 2002–2003 , English language teaching in Iraq has adopted the communicative approach . This means that speaking skill is at the forefront of English teaching practice which has led to a focus on communicative ability and appropriateness of language use , over linguistic accuracy and error avoidance .
This study aims at eliciting EFL teachers' views concerning the optimal number of students and the groups in each class , the optimal number of students in each group , and discussing the group work , the criterion of group structure , error correction , teacher's role , student's role , the large number of students in each classroom , the serious shortage of school buildings , the instability of syllabuses designed according to this approach and the distribution of marks . In this study , open and closed questionnaires were used as investigatory instruments . Furthermore , the questionnaires were supplemented by oral interviews . Finally , relevant recommendations are made .
The Americanization of Film Subtitles: A Sociocultural Linguistic Perspective to Subtitling Translation in the Arab World
Authors: J. Juma (PhD) Muayyed , Ghaeb (PhD) Rafid Abdul-Ameer 
Published: March 2021

One inevitable technique used by translators is to draw the author’s modes of thinking towards that of the reader as close as possible without paying much attention to the various aspects of meaning associated. This domestication technique has been criticized by Venuti (1995) for its denial of the visible role of the translator in his/her translated text. As a substitute, a translator might foreignize the reader’s modes of thinking and introduce him to that of the author. In parallel, a film subtitler is doomed to choose one of these preferences either to satisfy the target language audiences linguistically and culturally, or to impose on them the source language foreign structures and modes of thinking. The translator’s preference between these two techniques is not as clear cut as Venuti suggests. Factors such as the language distance between the SL and the TL, the translated text’s subject matter, the language dominancy, and the translator’s level of acquaintance with the various cultural facets of both the TL and the SL should also be taken into consideration in such preference. This paper is an attempt to investigate the subtitling translation of the American films in the Arab world in terms of Venuti's dichotomy of domestication and foreignization. It is based on a case study which examined the Arabic subtitle of two American films; “The Aviator” and “The Departed”, and the English subtitle of the Egyptian Arabic film “Hassan wa Murkis”.
Psychological security and its relationship with to the University compatibility with the students of the College of Education at the University of Mustansiriya
Authors: Rezouki Prof. Dr. Abdul al-Hussein Majid , Al- Quraishi M.Dr. Atheer Aday Salman , Khudair M.Dr. Haider Lazim 
Published: March 2021

The psychological security to one of the most modern world drives where increased research that addressed the importance and influence in a lot of political and economic aspects, psychological, especially when university students who are the most important slides that have an important role in the construction of any society slice, man security is a human being capable of production and Dungeons against psychological tremors, personal understanding of university students is to assess the extent Daffiest and that is the most important security engines, as it is a key demand for compatibility, security is a human being who is capable of building successful relationships with others.
Targeting current research into the psychological security measure and its relationship University compatibility among university students and prepared by (Sultan, 2002) eventually adapted to fit with the university students and which consists of (35) items of each paragraph five alternatives, also was adopted university compatibility-drafted measure (al-Janabi, 2008), which consists of (44) items each with five alternatives, as has been verified validity and reliability have been applied to a sample of 100 students and a student at the College of Education, Al-Mustansiriya University, where results showed that male safer than females and to the lack of clear differences in university compatibility between the gender.
The effectiveness of sequence of events styles by displaying ready made and instantaneous maps and timetables for the comprehension of historical concepts and the acquisition of sympathy towards them
Authors: Al-Fatlawi Assist. Prof. Dr. Suhaila M. K. 
Published: March 2021

The percent paper aims at investigating the effectiveness of using the styles of displaying the sequence of historical events by ready- made and instantaneous maps and time –tables for the comprehension of historical concepts by women students in the fourth grade of secondary schools , literary section , moreover , it studies the acquisition of sympathy by students with historical events and their characters , compared with the traditional method of teaching history.The study was conducted in a secondary school for women in the second directorate of Education , karkh Baghdad . three groups of the fourth class , Literary branch , were selected 4ed randomly distributed over (a) Experimental Group One , (b) Experimental group two and (c) the control group Data analysis showed the presence of statistically significant differences in the comprehension of the population of the experiment. These differences are attributed to the use of the two styles of displaying the sequence of events , on the hand , and the traditional method on the other . The same conclusion was arrived at concerning the student's sympathy towards the historical events and characters. Results show that the differences are in favor of the students who learned by the sequence – of – events style used in the two experimental groups , as compared to the traditional method used in the control group.
Counseling Needs and Academic Ambition of University Students to those who are Living in the Dormitory and those who are not
Authors: Ramadan Assist. Prof. Dr. Hadi  Saleh , Sarhan Lecturer Dr. Genan Kahtan 
Published: March 2021

The study aims at knowing the level of the counseling needs and the academic ambition in general according to the living variable (house, dormitory) of Kirkuk University students. To achieve the aims, two criteria are prepared. The first one is for the counseling needs while the other is for the level of ambition adopted by the two researchers. After taking the output of honesty, stability, and the distinct ability of the criterion, it is applied on the sample of the main study which is chosen in a random formula from Kirkuk University colleges, the scientific and humanity ones. Its number is 300 male and female students who are classified on (8) colleges, four of them are for each scholastic specialization (scientific and humanity). After using the statistic means (the relative weight, the T value of one sample and for two independent samples, and Person's correlation coefficient), the study reaches the following important conclusions:

In general, Kirkuk University students have needs in the study field more than their needs in other fields according to their responses on the counseling needs criterion, then the psychological dimension.
Kirkuk University students who are living in the dormitory are in need to things more than those who are living at home in the study and psychological dimensions.
In general, Kirkuk University students have a good academic ambition level.
Kirkuk University students who are living in the dormitory are more ambitious than those who are living at home.

According to the conclusions above, the researchers recommend a number of recommendations and do some future studies.
La relación entre lo artístico de la poesía de Arseni Alexandrovich Tarkovski y las imágenes visuales de Andrei Tarkovski en la película El espejo.
Authors: Gaber Dr. Intidhar Ali 
Published: March 2021

هذا العمل مخصص إلى مواضيع نظرية مطبقة على فلم المرآة للمخرج والكاتب الروسي تاركوفيسكي، فعمله يعدُّ نموذجًا جيدًا لدراسة العلاقات الفنية بين الفنون بشكل عام والثقافة المرئية للسينما الأدبية والتعبيرية بشكل خاص؛ لانَّ هذا العمل يجمع تقريبا كل الفنون (الموسيقى, الرسم, الشعر والصورة). الدراسة تشمل عرض عام لمشاهد الفلم، فضلًا عن تحليل البنائي لبعض الظواهر النظرية التي تظهر العلاقة بين الفنون سواء كانت الفنون هذه طريق عن ثقدمالتعبيرية (الصورة الشعرية) أو الصورة مرئية ( الصورة التصورية المرسومة او الصورة الفلمية) وكيف يتمالتنسيق فيما بينها من خلال وسائط للغويه وفنيه وتقنيه تشير بطريقة أو بأخرى الىاكيفراسس, ميتافورا,سينستسيا, متا ايماخن الى اخره.... التي تهدف إلى تهيئة الجمهور للفيلم، والتي تثيرحالة معينه من الحماس أو بعض المشاعر الحقيقة
Historia d la Lengua Española Denominaciones Científicas y Populares de los Vientos
Authors: Ahmed M.M. Ibtihaj Abbas 
Published: March 2021

من خلال عملي في الاطلس الاسبانيّ جذب انتباهي اسماء الرياح وتعدد معانيها واختلافها على مر الزمن. من خلال هذا العمل سنتمكن من معرفة الاسماء الشعبية للرياح وتغير اسمائها من منطقة الى اخرى. يهدف البحث الى تبيان الاختلاف الكبير في اسماء الرياح من الناحية الدلالية والجغرافية اللغوية، وتبيان اصولها الاسماء اللغوية, وكيف تم تغييرها لغويا من اللاتينية حتى وصولها الى اللغة الرومانسية الحالية (الاسبانية) حيث نرى تعدد وجود اكثر من اسم للريح الواحدة، ويعود السبب الاول لتغير اسماء ارياح أولاً الى ترجمة الكلمة في الزمن القديم من الاغريقية الى اللاتينية واستعمالها في كلِّ بلد حيث نرى كلمة مثل (νότος, notos) وتغيرها من اللاتينية الى القشتالية، ومن القشتالية الى الكتلانية. السبب الثاني هو اختلاف تسمية بعض الكتاب لهبوب الرياح من منطقة الى اخرى مثلما اختلف اكليانو وكابله مولينا، حيث استعمل كلّ منهما مصطلحات مختلفة. ومن خلال البحث بيّنا أنّ الاسماء العلمية التي بقيت ثابته على مرِّ الزمن ولا تتغير، اما الاسماء الشعبية للرياح؛ فهي متغيرة من منطقة إلى أخرى. فقد كان السبب الاول والاخير في التنوع الكبير لكلمة الرياح هو اهمية الرياح في حياة الانسان.
Common English Syntactic and Pronunciation-related Errors Made by Trainee Simultaneous Interpreters
Authors: Mohammed Assist. Inst. Hala Ghanim 
Published: March 2021

يسلط هذا البحث الضوء على الأخطاء النحوية واللفظية الانكليزية الشائعة التي يقوم بها متدربو الترجمة الفورية. إن معرفة هذه الأخطاء ستساعد مدّربي الترجمة للتركيز على هذين الجانبين اللغويين أثناء تدريس الترجمة الفورية. علاوة على ذلك، فإن المعرفة المسبقة لهذه الاخطاء المتكررة سيجنب متدربي الترجمة من خطر الوقوع مجدداً بتلك الأخطاء اثناء الترجمة الفورية.تناول هذا البحث الترجمة الفورية عامةً والأخطاء النحوية واللفظية المتكررة خاصةً. وذلك بالاعتماد على موديل المثلث للترجمة الفورية (The Triangular Model of Interpreting) ، ومن ثم تحليل عينات 96 متدرباً للترجمة الفورية. وتوصل البحث ان الخطأ النحوي هو الأكثر شيوعاً بين متدربي الترجمة الفورية، ويأخذ هذا الخطأ اوجه عدة مثل: الاستخدام الخاطئ للضمير والأخطاء المتعلقة بالفعل و صيغة المجرد و الاستعمال الخاطئ للصفات وحالة تكرار الفاعل واخيراَ الترتيب الخاطئ للفاعل والفعل. اما فيما يتعلق بالأخطاء اللفظية فإنها احتلت المرتبة الثانية بنسبة الاخطاء الأكثر تكراراَ بين متدربي الترجمة الفورية وشملت كل من: التردد واللفظ الخاطئ للمفردة والتلعثم. الى جانب ذلك توصلنا إلى أن كمية الأخطاء التي يرتكبها متدربي الترجمة الفورية تعتمد على المستوى اللغوي للمتدرب وكفاءته في اللغة الانكليزية وعلى مدى تأثره بلغته الأم.
CT system act and the derivation formula Between classical and colloquial southern Iraq
Authors: Nasser Dr. Lahib Jasem 
Published: March 2021

من المؤكد أنَّ هناك أنظمة تحتية تتحكم في أبنية المشتقات ، فالاشتقاق مرحلة لاحقة للمواد الأولية التي شكلته ، هذا ما تكشف عنه العادات المقطعية ، فهي فاعلة جداً قي صيغة الاشتقاق، وإذا ما انطلق التحليل اللغويّ منها استطاع أن يغير في كثير من أعراف التحليل الصرفيّ، هذا لا يعني أنّ التحليل اللغوي ذا الأسس المقطعية نهائي وتام بقدر ما يكشف عن اقتراب من عتبة العلمية، فمهما كان التحليل منطقيّ فإنّه يبقى قراءة جديدة للغة قديمة، لا نعرف عن لحظات ولادتها ما نستطيع ان نجيب بها عن سؤال: لماذا كانت العادة المقطعية؟
ولمحاولة الإجابة عن فاعليّة النظام المقطعيّ في صياغة المشتقات بوصفه بنية أساسية يقوم عليها الاشتقاق ، والتعرف بموقع النظام المقطعيّ من الاشتقاق، ومدى إسهامه في صياغته؛ اعتمد البحث على منهج وصفيّ أفاد من اتخاذ العاميّة آلية تقيس مسافة التحول عبر مقاربتها من الفصحى، بالاستناد إلى النظام المقطعيّ.
The Creativity Literary of Gongora
Authors: Al-Rubaiee Assist Instructor: Ahmed Abdulrazzaq 
Published: March 2021

يعد (غونغورا Gongora) واحدا من رموز الفن الادبي الاسباني ونموذجاً (لجيل شعراء 1927 في اسبانيا), خلال مسيرته الادبية كتب عدة اشعار ومسرحيات ذات مواضيع تقليدية شعبية مكوناً في ذلك لوحة عن شخصيته الطيبة والغامضة يمتاز بأسلوب التصنع والبديع في الاعمال الادبية وهذا واضح في عمله الموسوم (اسطورة بوليفيمو وكالاتيا la Fabula de Polifemo y Galatea)، وكذلك في عمله الموسوم (الخلوات las soledades)، الذي يصل فيها إلى قمة غموضه الشديد في (أسلوب الباروكو) .ان ذلك الغموض كان أسلوبا فنياً خاصاً بقصائد تلك المرحلة. كان ذا أسلوب فني وأحاسيس وذكاء حاد في الكتابة، الامر الذي جعل البعض من أصدقائه ان يطلبوا منه أن يبدل أو يلغي بعض التراكيب اللغوية في أعماله وذلك لأسلوبه الادبي الغامض لقد كان غونغور واحدا من الشعراء الاسبان الذين اسهموا بشكل كبير في "الكولتيرانيسمو: وهو تيار أدبي ظهر في عصر البارّوك الإسبانيّ ويستخدم الألفاظ النقيلة والاستعارات الخالصة والتلميح عبر الأساطير القديمة. ويعرف هذا التيار الجمالي أيضاً باسم "غونغوريسمو" نسبة إلى غونغور الذي يعد واحدا من مؤسسي هذا التيار الادبي. ينقسم البحث على فصلين الاول يتناول السيرة الذاتية للشاعر واسلوبه الادبي واعماله البارزة ,اما الفصل الثاني يعرض ال "غونغوريسمو" والبناء الادبي لقصائده الشعرية الغنائية
Lattice tendency class and rebellion in the poetry of hope Donqol (analytical study -ffineh)
Authors: .sh. Mahmood Assit. Prof: Dr.luay 
Published: March 2021

لا يستطيع الباحث الإحاطة بشعرية أمل دنقل ، إلا ّإذا ألمَ بحياة الشاعر التي اتسمت بـ(الحرمان ، الفقر ، القهر) ، والتي شكلت بمجموعها (الرفض) الذي أفضى إلى التمرد ؛ وذلك لان شاعرنا مسكون بهاجس التميز الذي يتوق للبحث عن شكل يضمن للقصيدة وظيفتي : ( الإمتاع والإقناع )، الإمتاع : المستند إلى النحت في جسد اللغة ، وما تزخر به من عناصر جمالية وثقافية متنوعة ، والإقناع : المدعوم بإيمان عميق بجدوى الشعر وقدرته على تحقيق التواصل ، والدفع بالوجدان الجماعي الذي يسمو إلى تحقيق سمتي : ( الاختراق والاحتراق ) ، الاختراق : لحجب الزمن ، ومن ثم الاحتراق إبداعا ليشكل الشاعر –أمل دنقل- نصه ، وليؤسس عن طريقه ما يدفئ مفاصل المجتمع الذي أصابه الوهن ، فضلا على نار الحركية للارتقاء إلى عالم الطهارة ليستحيل الاحتراق اختراقا.
Achievement of contemporary Iraqi philosophical thought Muhsin Mahdi and Hussam AL-Alwsi As Models
Authors: Musa Dr.Hadeel Saadi 
Published: March 2021

Thispaper aims at introducing the Iraq achievements of philosophical thought to the Iraqi and Arabic readers as well as presenting the Philosophy branches generations and activities exclusive in Iraq . This paper is divided in to 3 sections .
1-philosophicol activities of the generations in philosophy branches. 2-Philosophical achievements of Dr.Muhsin Mahdi (1926-2007). 3-Philosophical achievements of Dr. Hussam Al-Awsi(1934-2013)
Then the conclusions and references.
The Effect of Using The Algorithmic Charts in Achievement and Contemplative Thinking among Intermediate Stage in Mathematics
Authors: Haider Assist Teacher  Mohammed Abbas 
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the research is to know the effect of using the algorithmic charts on the achievement and contemplative thinking of the intermediate stage in mathematics, these two null hypotheses have put to confirm the goal of research :

There is no statistical indication on the level of (0.05) between the scores’ average of the experimental group students, who have been taught the suggested material according to using the algorithmic charts, and the scores’ average of the standard group students, who have been taught the same material according to the usual method in the achievement test.
There is no statistical indication on the level of (0.05) between the scores’ average of the experimental group students, who have been taught the suggested material according to using the algorithmic charts, and the scores’ average of the standard group students, who have been taught the same material according to the usual method in the contemplative thinking.

This research sample consist (66) students of the first intermediate stage from Mohammed Baqir Al Sadir school for boys, which goes under the supervision of Holy Karbala directorate of education / the city center, for the year of (2015 – 2016). The students have been divided into two groups (experimental and standard), have been rewarded according to the variable of (chronological age counted by months, intelligence, previous achievement in mathematics, testing the previous information in mathematics, and testing the contemplative thinking). The experimental group which consist of (34) students was taught according to using the algorithmic charts, as for the standard group which consist of (32) was taught according to usual method.
Two multiple choice tests have been prepared, one is an achievement test of (40) paragraphs, and the other is a contemplative thinking test of (20) paragraphs. The validity and reliability have been confirmed according to the difficulty factor, discrimination force, and the effectiveness of the wrong substitutes for both tests.
The experiment was applied in the second semester of )2015 – 2016(, then applied the achievement test and contemplative thinking test and came up with the following results after collecting and statically analyzing the data.
There is a difference of statistical indication in the level of (0.05) between the scores’ average of the experimental group students, who have been taught the suggested material according to the algorithmic charts, and the scores’ average of the standard group students, who have been taught the same material according to the usual method, and in favor of the experimental group in the achievement and contemplative thinking tests
Impact of the British Occupation on Qadiani Emergence in India(1888-1908)
Authors: Jirjees Dr. zinah harith 
Published: March 2021

In Southeast Asia, witnessed India Important historical events during the time of the British occupation of the country, which represents the British East India Company, the British government began to follow a policy to weaken the Muslims rulers of India through a divide and rule among the Indian people .The Government worked to bring Hindus to support to them on the one hand the deployment of the band among Indian Muslims by creating sects and religious difference stray, and sow doubt in the minds of Indian Muslims in their faith and religion,The British government to implement its plan by showing personal Mirza Ghulam Ahmad Qadiani where they worked for his encouragement and support to bring out a new doctrine known as Qadiani.
The historical dialectic between the ideal Hegel and material Marx A comparative study
Authors: Othman M.M. Kifah Ali 
Published: March 2021

The dialectic or (Controversy) is one of the most important subjects of controversy around several times. We find in Plato, Aristotle included different meanings, each according to his philosophy and that's what I've ever had in this first section.Dialectical returned by Hegel to acquire new meaning and deep Velsvs still so far used contemporary philosophers, Alhegela The debate is an experience of a special kind, absolute perfect experience trying to track the transformations first, "Powell This was the second topic.The same approach dialectical Hegel but away from materialism and idealism purely related to Marx this approach, explaining "the history and progress of color shifts and society Kan physical style derives its strength through the study of economic phenomena, and that's what we'll find in the third section.
Alhegela controversy is that movement uptrend, from the fact that the mobile world to the fact top and be named this transition more and more comprehensive.
Marx has adopted downside controversy Hegel but purely material formulations format denied the perfect and absolute accounts Valtnaqs Marx is designed to detect sources of continuous movement and the evolution of the physical world. Bringing to us clearly differentiate between two contradictory dialectics of Hegel and Marx Diaketal, although the first is the origin of the second generator.
The Relationship Between Spatial Ability And The Physical Structure of concepts to The Students of The College of Education for Pure
Authors: Mustafa Prof  .Dr. Fudwa Abbas 
Published: March 2021

The research aims to identify the relationship between spatial ability and the physical structure of concepts to the students of the Faculty of Education for Pure Sciences / Ibn al-Haitham، research involved students from the third class / morning study for the year 2011/2012 totaling (98) male and female students ،distributed into three groups which were selected randomly . The number of students (26 males and females) represented research sample after excluding repeaters and absentees، the research included two tests ; one test of spatial ability، which included (20) items and other test the physical structure of concepts، which included (12) items distributed into four domains ، the first (linking between concepts) included (4) items and second (putting concepts on the map) included (3) items and the third (complete the map) included (3) items and the fourth (building the structure of the map) included (2) items ، were built on according to the approved controls and after applied to a sample of the research and using appropriate statistical methods show that the level of spatial ability of students high and statistically significant، while the level of the physical structure of concepts acceptable and non-statistically significant also show that the relationship is negative and very weak between the variables of the research.