bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roadkills in Northern Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Hui Tabitha C. Y. , Slade Eleanor M. , Chong Ju Lian 
Published: October 2021

As Malaysia’s economy continues to grow, an ever-expanding road network is being built to support the new developments. Whilst roads increase accessibility to resources and connect human communities, they also bring with them a host of environmental problems such as destruction and fragmentation of habitat, poaching, pollution, and roadkills. Of these, roadkills are the most direct and visible impact of building roads, yet few dedicated studies have been conducted on the extent of roadkills and how to minimize them in Malaysia. In this study, we examined the species richness and abundance of vertebrate roadkills along eight one-km stretches (two in each habitat) of highways in Terengganu and Pahang across four habitat types: rainforest, oil palm plantation, subsistence agricultural land, and village. Each stretch of highway was surveyed by walking it six times between May to October 2017 for the Terengganu segments and May to October 2018 for the Pahang segments. A total of 305 roadkilled animals were recorded, consisting of at least 24 species. Three of these are protected by Malaysian law. The most common roadkilled animals were frogs (102 individuals) followed by birds (70 individuals), mammals (67 individuals) and reptiles (66 individuals). The highest number of roadkills were recorded in roads going through villages (112 individuals), followed by oil palm plantations (81 individuals), forests (65 individuals) and subsistence agricultural land (47 individuals). For every roadkill we also recorded the location’s specific habitat and landscape characteristics such as distance to the nearest fruit tree, tree, shrub, water body, human structure, and overhead cable. Most roadkills were found close to vegetation cover and water bodies. However, we found that roadkills decreased to near zero between 30 and 80 m from the nearest shrub or tree. Roadkills decreased over larger distances from the nearest water body, but in oil palm and village habitats, reducing water bodies within 20–50 m from a road would almost half the number of roadkills. We suggest that making changes to the structure and composition of roadside vegetation and other landscape features, such as thinning vegetation to discourage wildlife from gathering near roads, could significantly reduce the number of roadkills.
Ultrafast Nonlinear Optical Response and Carrier Dynamics in Layered Gallium Sulfide (GaS) Single-Crystalline Thin Films
Authors: Lu Haishuang , Chen Yu , Yang Kexin , Kuang Yawei , Li Zhongguo , Liu Yushen 
Published: October 2021

Gallium sulfide (GaS) is a layered metal monochalcogenide semiconductor that has recently garnered considerable attention in various fields. In this study, we investigated the nonlinear absorption characteristics of multilayer β-GaS thin films on sapphire substrate by using femtosecond open-aperture Z-scan method. The β-GaS films exhibit saturable absorption behavior at 532 nm while nonlinear absorption appears under 650 nm excitation. The nonlinear absorption coefficient of β-GaS was determined to be −1.8 × 10–8 m/W and 4.9 × 10–8 m/W at 532 and 650 nm, respectively. The carrier dynamics of β-GaS films was studied via femtosecond transient absorption (TA) measurements. The TA results demonstrated that β-GaS films have broad photo-induced absorption in the visible regime and sub-nanosecond lifetime. Our results indicate that gallium sulfide has large nonlinear optical response and long carrier lifetime, which could be applied in future photonic devices.
Transcriptomics Analysis Indicates Trifarotene Reverses Acne-Related Gene Expression Changes
Authors: Dreno Brigitte , Chavda Rajeev , Julia Valerie , Khammari Amir , Blanchet-Réthoré Sandrine , Krishnaswamy Jayendra Kumar 
Published: October 2021

Background and Objectives: Trifarotene is a topical retinoid selective for retinoic acid receptor gamma that was recently approved for treatment of acne vulgaris. We performed a gene expression analysis to identify the molecular and cellular impact of trifarotene treatment on acne papules.Methods: In this open-label prospective study, subjects with moderate inflammatory acne of the back were treated with trifarotene 0.005% or vehicle cream on dedicated areas for 27 days, and 4 biopsies were collected from each subject (1 from skin without a visible acne lesion and three at the site of an acne papule: one baseline, one after vehicle treatment, and one after trifarotene treatment). Large scale gene expression profiling of the biopsies was performed using Affymetrix technology, treatment-specific gene expression profiles were generated using statistical modeling, and pathway analysis was performed. Using single-cell RNAseq data, in silico deconvolution of transcriptomics data was performed to identify cellular signatures.Results: We discovered a unique set of 67 genes modulated by trifarotene that are primarily involved in cellular migration, inflammation, and extracellular matrix reorganization. Changes in cellular expression were similar in both trifarotene-treated and spontaneously-resolving lesions. However, only trifarotene treatment impacted SPP1+ macrophages, a subset of highly proliferative macrophages recently identified in fibrotic tissue.Conclusions: These results show that trifarotene has a novel action in acne treatment by affecting epidermal and immune components of acne pathogenesis.
Physiological Dysregulation, Frailty, and Impacts on Adverse Health and Functional Outcomes
Authors: Lu Yanxia , Gwee Xinyi , Chua Denise Q. L. , Tan Crystal T. Y. , Yap Keng Bee , Larbi Anis , Ng Tze Pin 
Published: October 2021

Background: Multi-system physiological dysregulation (PD) may represent a biological endo-phenotype of clinical frailty. We investigated the co-occurrence of PD with physical frailty and its contributions to the known impact of frailty on adverse health outcomes.Methods: Data of 2,725 participants from the Singapore Longitudinal Aging Studies (SLAS-2), included baseline measures of physical frailty and PD derived from Mahalanobis distance (Dm) value of 23 blood biomarkers. We analyzed their concurrent association and their impacts on 9-year mortality, MMSE cognition, GDS depression, number of medications, disability, and hospitalization at baseline and follow up (mean 4.5 years).Results: Global PD (Log10Dm, mean = 1.24, SD = 0.24) was significantly but weakly associated with pre-frailty-and-frailty. Controlling for age, sex and education, pre-frailty-and-frailty (HR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.51–3.00) and PD (HR = 3.88, 95% CI = 2.15–6.98) predicted mortality. Together in the same model, mortality HR associated with pre-frailty-and-frailty (HR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.22–2.73) and PD (HR = 3.06, 95% CI = 1.60–5.85) were reduced after additionally adding global PD to the prediction model. The predictive accuracy for mortality were both approximately the same (PD: AUC = 0.62, frailty: AUC = 0.64), but AUC was significantly increased to 0.68 when combined (p &lt; 0.001). Taken into account in the same model, frailty remained significantly associated with all health and functional outcomes, and PD was significantly associated with only MMSE, disability and medications used. In secondary analyses, there were mixed associations of system-specific PDs with frailty and different adverse outcomes.Conclusions: Co-existing PD and physical frailty independently predict mortality and functional and health outcomes, with increased predictive accuracy when combined. PD appears to be a valid representation of a biological endo-phenotype of frailty, and the potential utility of such subclinical measures of frailty could be further studied.
Acute Stroke With Large Vessel Occlusion and Minor Clinical Deficits: Prognostic Factors and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Volbers Bastian , Gröger Rebecca , Engelhorn Tobias , Marsch Armin , Macha Kosmas , Schwab Stefan , Dörfler Arnd , Lang Stefan , Kallmünzer Bernd 
Published: October 2021

Background and Purpose: The optimal acute management of patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) and minor clinical deficits on admission [National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) ≤ 4] remains to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prognostic factors and therapeutic management of those patients.Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we investigated (1) all patients with acute ischemic stroke due to an LVO who underwent mechanical thrombectomy (MT) and (2) all patients with minor clinical deficits (NIHSS ≤ 4) on admission due to an LVO between January 2013 and December 2016 at the University Medical Center Erlangen. We dichotomized management of patients with minor deficits treated with MT for analysis according to immediate mechanical thrombectomy (IT) and initial medical management with rescue intervention (MM) in case of secondary deterioration. Primary endpoints were secondary deterioration, in-hospital mortality, and functional outcome on day 90 (dichotomized modified Rankin Scale 0–2: favorable, 3–6: poor).Results: Two hundred twenty-three patients (83% with anterior circulation stroke, 13 (6%) with minor deficits) treated with MT and 88 patients with minor deficits due to LVO [13 (15%) treated with MT] were included. Secondary deterioration (n = 19) was independently associated with poor outcome in patients with minor deficits and LVO [odds ratio (OR), 0.060; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.013–0.280], which in turn was associated with the occlusion site [especially M1 occlusion: 11 (58%) vs. 3 (4%) in patients without secondary deterioration, p &lt; 0.0001]. IT (n = 8) was associated with a lower intrahospital mortality compared to MM (n = 5; 13 vs. 80%; OR, 0.036; 95% CI, 0.002–0.741). Seven of eight patients with IT survived until discharge, with 29% showing a favorable functional outcome on day 90.Conclusions: Secondary deterioration is associated with poor outcome in patients with LVO and minor deficits, which in turn was associated with occlusion site. Future randomized controlled trials should assess whether selected patients, depending on occlusion site and associated characteristics, may benefit from MT.
Case Report: Multiple Sclerosis Relapses After Vaccination Against SARS-CoV2: A Series of Clinical Cases
Authors: Nistri Riccardo , Barbuti Elena , Rinaldi Virginia , Tufano Laura , Pozzilli Valeria , Ianniello Antonio , Marinelli Fabiana , De Luca Giovanna , Prosperini Luca , Tomassini Valentina , Pozzilli Carlo 
Published: October 2021

Objective: To describe a temporal association between COVID-19 vaccine administration and multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses.Methods: This case series study was collected in four MS Centres in Central Italy, using data from 16 MS patients who received COVID-19 vaccination and presented both clinically and radiologically confirmed relapses between March and June 2021. We collected patients' relevant medical history, including demographics, MS clinical course, disease-modifying treatment (DMT) received (if applicable), and data from MRI scans obtained after the COVID-19 vaccination.Results: Three out of 16 patients received a diagnosis of MS with a first episode occurring after COVID-19 vaccination; 13 had already a diagnosis of MS and, among them, 9 were on treatment with DMTs. Ten patients received BNT162b2/Pfizer-BioNTech, 2 patients mRNA-1273/Moderna, and 4 patients ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/AstraZeneca. All MS relapses occurred from 3 days to 3 weeks after receiving the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccination or the booster. All patients had evidence of radiological activity on MRI.Discussion: Clinical and radiological findings in these cohort of MS patients confirmed disease re/activation and suggested a temporal association between disease activity and COVID-19 vaccination. The nature of this temporal association, whether causative or incidental, remains to be established.
A Clinical Semantic and Radiomics Nomogram for Predicting Brain Invasion in WHO Grade II Meningioma Based on Tumor and Tumor-to-Brain Interface Features
Authors: Li Ning , Mo Yan , Huang Chencui , Han Kai , He Mengna , Wang Xiaolan , Wen Jiaqi , Yang Siyu , Wu Haoting , Dong Fei , Sun Fenglei , Li Yiming , Yu Yizhou , Zhang Minming , Guan Xiaojun , Xu Xiaojun 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundBrain invasion in meningioma has independent associations with increased risks of tumor progression, lesion recurrence, and poor prognosis. Therefore, this study aimed to construct a model for predicting brain invasion in WHO grade II meningioma by using preoperative MRI.MethodsOne hundred seventy-three patients with brain invasion and 111 patients without brain invasion were included. Three mainstream features, namely, traditional semantic features and radiomics features from tumor and tumor-to-brain interface regions, were acquired. Predictive models correspondingly constructed on each feature set or joint feature set were constructed.ResultsTraditional semantic findings, e.g., peritumoral edema and other four features, had comparable performance in predicting brain invasion with each radiomics feature set. By taking advantage of semantic features and radiomics features from tumoral and tumor-to-brain interface regions, an integrated nomogram that quantifies the risk factor of each selected feature was constructed and had the best performance in predicting brain invasion (area under the curve values were 0.905 in the training set and 0.895 in the test set).ConclusionsThis study provided a clinically available and promising approach to predict brain invasion in WHO grade II meningiomas by using preoperative MRI.
Dietary Patterns, Adherence to the Food-Based Dietary Guidelines, and Ultra-Processed Consumption During the COVID-19 Lockdown in a Sample of Spanish Young Population
Authors: López-Gil José Francisco , García-Hermoso Antonio , Tárraga-López Pedro Juan , Brazo-Sayavera Javier 
Published: October 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the dietary patterns, adherence to Food-Based Dietary Guidelines, and the ultra-processed consumption during the COVID-19 lockdown among a Spanish young population aged 3–17 years.Methods: Parents/legal guardians of preschoolers, children, and adolescents aged 3–17 years were enrolled through social networks. The eating habits were assessed by a Food Propensity Questionnaire applied in the ENALIA (Encuesta Nacional de Alimentación en la población Infantil y Adolescente) Spanish survey, which aims to collect food intake information and other data about eating habits on children and adolescents (0–18 years old). Participants were dichotomized following the Food-Based Dietary Guidelines for the Spanish young population offered by the Spanish Society of Community Nutrition. The ultra-processed food score was determined following the principles established in the NOVA classification.Results: Data from 604 children and adolescents were included. An association between age group and the recommendations of snacks (p = 0.002), fruits (p = 0.010), and diaries (p &lt; 0.001) was found. Adolescents showed a lower mean compliance with these guidelines than children (p = 0.004) and preschoolers (p &lt; 0.001). Similarly, children reported lower Food-Based Dietary Guidelines than preschoolers (p = 0.015). Regarding ultra-processed consumption, it was also observed a higher intake in adolescents than in children (p = 0.037), as well as in preschoolers (p &lt; 0.001).Conclusions: The associations that were found highlight the low proportion of the young population (especially adolescents) meeting the Food-Based Dietary Guidelines and the high consumption of ultra-processed foods during COVID-19 lockdown.
Mori Fructus Polysaccharides Attenuate Alcohol-Induced Liver Damage by Regulating Fatty Acid Synthesis, Degradation and Glycerophospholipid Metabolism in Mice
Authors: Bian Liang , Chen Hua-Guo , Gong Xiao-Jian , Zhao Chao , Zhou Xin 
Published: October 2021

Mori Fructus polysaccharides (MFP) are macromolecules extracted from Mori Fructus (MF), which has the biological activity of anti-liver damage. Our group found that MFP maybe down regulate the serum triglyceride level in mice with alcohol-induced liver damage, suggesting that MFP can regulate lipid metabolism, but its specific mechanism is still not clear. Fifty SPF-ICR male mice weighing 18–22 g were randomly divided into five groups, blank group, model group, bifendate group, MFPA1 group and MFPB1 group. The blood and liver tissues were taken from mice for nontargeted lipidomic analysis and histopathological examination after 7 day’s treatment. The histopathological changes indicated that the normal liver cells were intact and regular, with orderly arrangement and distinct cell boundaries; the liver of model mice showed inflammatory infiltration, ballooning degeneration in the cells and small lipid drops; the liver of mice in the bifendate, MFPA1 and MFPB1 groups showed similar symptoms to those of model mice, but the lesions were less severe and the ballooning degeneration were reduced. Multivariate analysis of all lipids in the serum of five groups of mice showed there were obvious differences in lipid metabolism between the model group and the blank group. At the same time, seven kinds of differential lipids were precisely identified after screening, including prostaglandins, long-chain fatty acids, glycerophospholipids, acyl carnitines. In summary, alcohol intake and MFP intervention have significant effects on fatty acid synthesis, degradation and glycerophospholipid metabolism.
Anaphylaxis Associated With Allergen Specific Immunotherapy, Omalizumab, and Dupilumab: A Real World Study Based on the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System
Authors: Bian Sainan , Zhang Pingping , Li Lisha , Wang Zixi , Cui Le , Xu Yingyang , Guan Kai , Zhao Bin , Chen Zhuanggui 
Published: October 2021

Background: Real-world studies on the allergen specific immunotherapy (AIT), omalizumab, and dupilumab associated anaphylactic events are limited. We aimed to analyze the characteristics of drug associated anaphylaxis, and to compare the differences among different drugs.Methods: A disproportionality analysis and Bayesian analysis were used in data mining to identify suspected anaphylaxis associated with AIT, omalizumab, and dupilumab based on the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) from January 2004 to March 2021. Demographic information, time interval to onset, and death rates of AIT, omalizumab, and dupilumab associated anaphylaxis were also analyzed.Results: Totally 9,969 anaphylactic events were identified. Reports of AIT, omalizumab, and dupilumab associated anaphylactic events were 64, 7,784, and 2,121, respectively. AIT had a high reporting odds ratio (ROR) of 5.03 [95%confidental interval (CI) 3.69–6.85], followed by omalizumab (ROR 2.24, 95% CI 2.18–2.29), and dupilumab had a negative signal for anaphylaxis. In children, most anaphylactic reactions (68%) were reported in the 12–17-year-old group. More reports of anaphylaxis related to AIT were in boys (73%), while more reports of anaphylaxis related to omalizumab (63%) and dupilumab (58%) were in girls. Most symptoms occurred on the day of drug initiation. The death rate of AIT related anaphylaxis was the lowest (0%), the death rate of omalizumab was 0.87%, while the death rate of dupilumab was 4.76%. No significant differences were observed among these drugs.Conclusion: AIT and omalizumab had a positive signal for anaphylaxis, while dupilumab had a negative signal for anaphylaxis. Patients should be strictly monitored after administration of AIT and also biologics. It also gives us a suggestion for choosing a combined biologics with AIT when the risk of anaphylaxis was considered.
Effect of Culturally Mediated Right-Favoritism on the Direction of Pseudoneglect on Line Bisection Tasks
Authors: Muayqil Taim A. , Alhaidari Ghadah M. , Alkuwaiz Lamia A. , Alotaibi Nouf A. , Awartani Hadeel K. , Almufarrej Alanoud A. , Alqarni Ghadah S. , Alkeridy Walid , Alanazy Mohammed H. 
Published: October 2021

Objectives:Arabs have a right-to-left language and engage in favoring of the right side or limb when implementing daily routine practices. The purpose of this research is to explore the effect this cultural attitude might have on pseudoneglect, by comparing with a southeast Asian sample that has a left-to-right language structure.Methods:Participants were from two separate ethnic groups (Arabs and Filipinos), residing in Saudi Arabia, healthy individals 18 years and above were allowed to volunteer in the study. The participants were recruited at King Saud University Medical City and the general community by both convenience and snowball sampling. Social demographic information such as gender, age, years of education, dominant hand, was also documented. The line bisection task (LBT) contained 36 randomly assorted lines of three different lengths placed at five different locations on a white sheet. The percent deviation score (PDS) was used to quantify pseudo-neglect. Tests of statistical significance includingt-tests and mixed-effects regression were performed to determine if differences existed among different demographic variables or among line properties, respectively.Results:A total of 256 were enrolled (Arabs 52.3%). The overall PDS mean and standard deviation (SD) was −0.64 (2.87),p= 0.0004, which shows a significant leftward deviation in the entire cohort. PDS was −1.26 (2.68) in Filipinos, and −0.08 (2.94) in Arabs. The difference was statically significant (p&lt; 0.0001). Mixed effects model showed positive changes in the PDS value as the length of the line increased (p&lt; 0.0001) and as the line was more rightward placed (p&lt; 0.0001). However, Filipino participants would still exhibit negative changes in the PDS value in comparison to Arabs (p&lt; 0.0001); There were no significant associations between PDS and other factors such as age, years of education and gender.Conclusion:Differences found here between two distinct ethnic groups support the hypothesis that certain cultural aspects such as language direction and other cultural practices influence direction and degree of pseudo-neglect.