bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of Trypanosoma cruzi infection among travellers visiting friends and relatives to continental Latin America
Authors: Sánchez-Montalvá Adrián , Salinas Catalina , Sullerio Elena , Salvador Fernando , Bosch-Nicolau Pau , Crespillo-Andújar Clara , Trigo Elena , Roure Sílvia , Valerio Lluís , Espinosa-Pereiro Juan , Molina Israel 
Published: July 2021

Background
Chagas disease (CD) is regarded as a possible risk for travellers to endemic areas of continental Latin America (LA). The aim of the study is to determine the risk of Trypanosoma cruzi (TC) infection among travellers to CD endemic areas and to identify risk factors for acquiring TC infection.

Methods/Principal finding
We designed a multicenter cross-sectional study among travellers in Spain (Badalona, Barcelona and Madrid). All available adults with laboratory confirmed proof of absence of TC infection from January 2012 to December 2015 were contacted. Participants referring a trip to LA after the negative TC screening were offered to participate. We performed a standardized questionnaire of travel related factors and measurement of TC antibodies in serum. A total of 971 participants with baseline negative TC serology were selected from the microbiology records. After excluding participants not meeting inclusion criteria, eighty participants were selected. Sixty three (78.8%) were female, and the median age was 38 (IQR 34–47) years. The reason to travel was visiting friends and relatives in 98.8% of the participants. The median duration of travel was 40 (IQR 30–60) days, with 4911 participants-day of exposure. Seventy seven cases (96.25%) participants had two negative TC serology tests after the travel, two cases (2.5%) had discordant serology results (considered false positive results) and one case was infected before travelling to LA. According to our data, the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval of the incidence rate of TC acquisition in travellers is 0.8 per 1000 participant-days.

Conclusions/Significance
Among 79 non-CD travellers to TC endemic areas, we found no cases of newly acquired TC infection. The incidence rate of TC acquisition in travellers to endemic countries is less than or equal to 0.8 per 1000 traveller-days.
Physical inactivity and sitting time prevalence and trends in Mexican adults. Results from three national surveys
Authors: Medina Catalina , Jáuregui Alejandra , Hernández Cesar , Shamah Teresa , Barquera Simón 
Published: July 2021

Background
Physical inactivity and high sitting time are directly related to mortality and morbidity of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Thus, improved understanding of the prevalence and trends of these behaviors could support the design of policies and interventions for NCDs prevention.

Objective
To determine the current prevalence of physical inactivity and high sitting time, to analyze the trends, and to estimate the association of meeting/not meeting physical activity recommendations and low/high sitting time with sociodemographic characteristics and body mass index categories.

Methodology
Data from the 2018 National Health and Nutrition Survey were used. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sitting minutes per week were calculated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form (IPAQ). In total, 38,033 questionnaires of adults aged 20 to 69-year-old were analyzed. Adults were classified as physically inactive if they achieved less than 150 minutes per week of MVPA and as with high sitting time if they accumulated more than 420 minutes of sitting per day. Health and Nutrition National Surveys (ENSANUT) 2006, 2012 and 2018 were used to estimate the trends.

Results
In total, 16.5% were classified as physically inactive and 11.3% within the high sitting time category. Both prevalences increased more than 40% during the 12-y period (2006–2018). In 2018, men, younger adults, those living in urban areas, and people within the highest socioeconomical status and educational levels were more likely to not achieve physical activity recommendations and to be classified in the highest sitting time category.

Conclusion
To stop current increased trends and achieve global targets, stronger and more concerted efforts to promote physical activity and reduce sitting time are required. Thus, continued surveillance of these behaviors is necessary.
Outpatient nursing support for self-monitoring in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Taniguchi Chinatsu , Seto Natsuko , Shimizu Yasuko 
Published: July 2021

Background
Early symptoms of worsening heart failure are difficult for patients to detect and manage, contributing to the high readmission rate for worsening heart failure. Thus, it is important to promote self-monitoring and to support patients in recognizing and interpreting their symptoms. This study aimed to explore the ways in which specialized nurses in the outpatient setting provide support for self-monitoring in patients with chronic heart failure in Japan.

Methods
This exploratory study adopted a qualitative study design. The participants were a convenience sample of five nurses certified in chronic heart failure nursing and one advanced practice nurse certified in chronic care nursing, all with experience in outpatient nursing in Japan. Data were collected from June 2017 to October 2017 through semi-structured one-on-one interviews and were analyzed using an established qualitative inductive method.

Results
The analysis identified seven themes describing the nursing support provided by the study participants. Among these were three themes describing different forms of direct support for self-monitoring: “Encourage patients to reflect on their own,” “Support touching the body and developing body awareness,” and “Support sharing the task.” Two themes described practice perspectives: “Support self-monitoring that is not overly sensitive” and “Support connection with the patient’s life.” Two final themes described contextual factors in the outpatient care setting: “Struggling with constraints and powerlessness” and “Building a support system in the outpatient setting.”

Conclusions
The findings provide a practice for nurses promoting self-monitoring in patients with chronic heart failure in the outpatient setting. The study findings inform and provide goals for the support of self-monitoring in patients with heart failure and also, suggest the need to establish a strong support system for outpatient care in Japan.
General self-efficacy in individuals with visual impairment compared with the general population
Authors: Brunes Audun , Hansen Marianne B. , Heir Trond 
Published: July 2021

Background
Knowledge about self-efficacy and its significance for the quality of life of people with visual impairment is lacking. The aims of the study were to compare general self-efficacy in individuals with visual impairment with the general population, and to investigate the association between self-efficacy and life satisfaction.

Methods
A telephone-based cross-sectional survey was conducted between January and May 2017 in a probability sample of adults who were members of the Norwegian Association of the Blind and Partially Sighted. Participants were asked questions about their sociodemographic characteristics, characteristics of vision loss, general self-efficacy (General Self-efficacy Scale), and life satisfaction (Cantril’s Ladder of Life Satisfaction). We obtained norm data from a representative survey of the general Norwegian population (N = 1792; mean age 53.2 years; 52.5% females).

Results
People with visual impairment had higher levels of general self-efficacy than people in the general population (Mean: 31.5 versus 29.0, p < .001). Results from linear regression analyses of the visual impairment population showed that higher education and residential in an urban municipality were associated with higher self-efficacy. Having additional impairments and a previous history of physical or sexual assaults were associated with lower self-efficacy. A linear dose-response relationship was found between self-efficacy and life satisfaction, in the visual impairment population as well as in the general population.

Conclusions
People with visual impairment have higher self-efficacy than people in the general population, possibly due to extensive mastery experience in how to handle life as visually impaired. Self-efficacy seems to be important in achieving the best possible life.
Identifying factors that nurses consider in the decision-making process related to patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Anton Nicholas , Hornbeck Tera , Modlin Susan , Haque Md Munirul , Crites Megan , Yu Denny 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundNurse identification of patient deterioration is critical, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, as patients can deteriorate quickly. While the literature has shown that nurses rely on intuition to make decisions, there is limited information on what sources of data experienced nurses utilize to inform their intuition. The objectives of this study were to identify sources of data that inform nurse decision-making related to recognition of deteriorating patients, and explore how COVID-19 has impacted nurse decision-making.MethodsIn this qualitative study, experienced nurses voluntarily participated in focused interviews. During focused interviews, expert nurses were asked to share descriptions of memorable patient encounters, and questions were posed to facilitate reflections on thoughts and actions that hindered or helped their decision-making. They were also asked to consider the impact of COVID-19 on nursing and decision-making. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, study team members reviewed transcripts and coded responses, and organized key findings into themes.ResultsSeveral themes related to decision-making were identified by the research team, including: identifying patient care needs, workload management, and reflecting on missed care opportunities to inform learning. Participants (n = 10) also indicated that COVID-19 presented a number of unique barriers to nurse decision-making.ConclusionsFindings from this study indicate that experienced nurses utilize several sources of information to inform their intuition. It is apparent that the demands on nurses in response to pandemics are heightened. Decision-making themes drawn from participants’ experiences can to assist nurse educators for training nursing students on decision-making for deteriorating patients and how to manage the potential barriers (e.g., resource constraints, lack of family) associated with caring for patients during these challenging times prior to encountering these issues in the clinical environment. Nurse practice can utilize these findings to increase awareness among experienced nurses on recognizing how pandemic situations can impact to their decision-making capability.
DETERMINAN MATRIKS CENTROSYMMETRIC BENTUK KHUSUS ORDO 4×4 BERPANGKAT BILANGAN BULAT POSITIF
Authors: Rahma Ade Novia , Erizona Esty , Rahmawati Rahmawati 
Published: July 2021

Penelitan ini bertujuan untuk menentukan determinan dari suatu matriks centrosymmetric bentuk khusus ordo berpangkat bilangan bulat positif. Dalam menentukan determinan matriks centrosymmetric bentuk khusus terdapat beberapa langkah yang perlu dikerjakan. Pertama perhatikan bentuk pola matriks centrosymmetric bentuk khusus sampai sehingga didapat bentuk umumnya kemudian dibuktikan dengan induksi matematika. Kedua perhatikan bentuk pola determinan matriks centrosymmetric bentuk khusus sampai sehingga didapat bentuk umumnya lalu dibuktikan dengan pembuktian langsung. Hasil akhir dalam penelitian ini diperoleh bentuk umum matriks, determinan dari matriks centrosymmetric berpangkat bilangan bulat positif dengan ganjil dan genap.
Predators of the giant pine scale, Marchalina hellenica (Gennadius 1883; Hemiptera: Marchalinidae), out of its natural range in Turkey
Authors: Oğuzoğlu Şükran , Avcı Mustafa , İpekdal Kahraman 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Marchalina hellenica is a sap sucking scale insect endemic to the Aegean basin and it has been introduced to several regions in Greece and Turkey to increase pine honey production. It is also considered as a pest since heavy infestation may leave the host trees vulnerable to secondary pests. An understanding of its natural predators would facilitate planning biocontrol programs. Although there are several studies reporting the predators of M. hellenica in its native range, there is no study identifying those in its introduced range. We aimed to determine predators of M. hellenica in Burdur, one of its introduced sites in Turkey. We carried out sampling through regular visits in an M. hellenica-infested locality nearby Burdur Lake. Through field and laboratory observations, we identified 19 species predating upon M. hellenica. Comparing predators reported in previous studies in its native range and those we found in the present study showed that 12 of the species that we found are new reports for the species predating upon M. hellenica. The highest number of predator individuals belonged to the monophagous Neoleucopis kartliana. Myrrha octodecimguttata, Chilocorus bipustulatus and Harmonia quadripunctata were also the most frequently observed predators.
The role of chondroitin sulfate to bone healing indicators and compressive strength
Authors: Wibowo Herry , Widiyanti Prihartini , Asmiragani Syaifullah 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The function of bone is to protect the vital organs of the body. Mechanical strength, especially compressive strength, plays an important role in fulfilling its function. Fracture healing depends on several substances, such as collagen, glucosaminoglycane and proteoglycan. Chondroitin sulfate as part of proteoglycane is an important component in the formation of callus in fracture healing. The aim of this study is to prove chondroitin sulfate role in supporting fracture healing.

Methods
The in vivo experiment has been performed to Rattus novergicus which met the inclusion criteria (age 3 months, 200–300 g weight), 18 males of R. norvegicus, Wistar strain, were divided into three equal groups of six rats each. After being anesthetized, fracturation was performed in a sterile manner to get simple fracture. The area of dissection is in half length of tibial bone and the fracture incision is about 1 cm. Then it followed by immobilization of the lower leg bone on one side with a cast. The first group was given chondroitin sulfate 7 mg in 2 mL distilled water/200 g weight for 2 weeks. The second group was given chondroitin sulfate 7 mg in 2 mL distilled water/200 g weight for 4 weeks. The third group was given distilled water. This research was focused on treatment of cartilage. The callus position is in half length of tibial bone.

Results
There were significant differences in the increase of TGF-β, the number of osteoblasts and callus compressive strength in the groups with chondroitin sulfate treatment for 2 and 4 weeks, compared to the control group (p<0.01).

Conclusions
Administering chondroitin sulfate in a dose of 7 mg in 2 mL distilled water for 2 and 4 weeks may increase production of TGF-β, the osteoblast numbers and the callus compressive strength in fracture healing.
The effect of red passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims.) fermentation time on its activity against Extended Strain Methicillin-Resistant (ESBL) Escherichia coli and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Authors: Nurrosyidah Iif Hanifa , Mertaniasih Ni Made , Isnaeni  
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of fermentation techniques on the inhibitory activity of red passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims.) fermentation filtrate in De Man Rogosa Sharpe-broth (MRS-B) media against Extended Strain Methicillin-Resistant (ESBL) Escherichia coli and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Methods
The fruit pulp was wrapped in banana leaves before compared to direct fermentation processes. This study was divided into three treatment groups. Group 1 was the fruit pulp (5 g) fermented in 45 mL of MRS-B medium for 24 h. Group 2 was the fruit pulp wrapped in banana leaves for 3 days before fermented in MRS-B for 24 h. Group 3 was the fruit pulp wrapped in banana leaves for 3 days before fermentation in MRS-B for 48 h. Fermentation broth of each condition was taken and then filtered using millipore (0.2 µm). As many as 50 µL of filtrates was tested for its inhibitory activity against E. coli ESBL and MRSA using the Kirby Bauer method.

Results
Group 2 showed the best antibacterial activity against E. coli ESBL and MRSA with the average zone of inhibition of 38.3 and 37.6 mm respectively. These values were higher than the first and group 3s activities.

Conclusions
The inhibitory activity of group 1s against ESBL and MRSA is categorized as a moderate potency with a diameter of growth inhibition zone of 16–20 mm, whereas the other groups are categorized as strong potency with a diameter higher than 20 mm.
The impact of suitability of empirical antibiotics use on therapeutic outcome of respiratory tract infection patients at inpatient wards of Universitas Gadjah Mada Academic Hospital
Authors: Kurniawati Fivy , Munif Yasin Nanang , Azizah Safina Nur , Purbaningtyas Silvia Ayu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Currently, respiratory infection is regarded as one of the most common infectious diseases. This study aims to find out the impact of appropriate use of empirical antibiotic on therapeutic outcomes of patients with respiratory infections at inpatient wards of UGM Academic Hospital.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study that uses retrospective data through patient medical records. The population was all patients who received empirical antibiotic therapy for respiratory infections at inpatient ward from July 2018 to July 2019. The sample was collected using the purposive sampling method, and the total number of samples was 192. The appropriate use of empirical antibiotic including the correct type, dosage, route, duration, and frequency was evaluated according to the Antibiotic Guidelines of UGM Academic Hospital 2018, Drug Information Handbook, Frank Shann Drug Doses, Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA)/American Thoracic Society (ATS) 2016 & 2019, Pharmacotherapy Handbook 2015, and Pharmaceutical Care for Respiratory Tract Infections 2005. The data was analyzed descriptively by using Chi-square bivariate analysis.

Results
The result shows that 47.9% of 192 patients have received antibiotics properly according to the type, route, dose, frequency, and duration. The results of empirical antibiotic therapy have improved the repair of vital signs in 37.5% of patients. Meanwhile, the result of Chi-square bivariate analysis between the suitability of empirical antibiotic use and the improvement of therapeutic outcome is p=0.478 (p>0.05), which means that it is not statically significant.

Conclusions
It can be concluded that there is no correlation between the suitability of empirical antibiotics use and the improvement of the therapy outcomes. Thus, the use of empirical antibiotics based on the guidelines does not always have an impact on the improvement of the treatment outcomes of the patients with respiratory infection at inpatient wards of UGM Academic Hospital.
Analysis of the use of antibiotics profile and factors of surgical site infections study on digestive and oncology surgeries
Authors: Narulita Lisa , Suharjono  , Kuntaman  , Akram Mohammad 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The incision method operation with a high risk of infection in a clean and clean-contaminated operation requires the use of prophylactic antibiotics to minimize the risk of infection. This study was designed to analyze the effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics in patients with digestive and oncology surgeries.

Methods
The statistical method used was chi-square to determine the risk factors for infection at surgical site infections (SSI) in patients with digestive and oncology surgeries. This study had received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of Dr. H. Slamet Martodirdjo Hospital, Pamekasan.

Results
There were 67 patients consisted of 48 digestive surgeries (71.6%) and 19 oncology surgeries (28.4%). The criteria of observation on day 30 showed that as 1 (1.5%) SSI patient experienced purulence, inflammation, and erythema around the surgical wound so an analysis of p>0.05 was carried out so that there was no association with the incidence of SSI during hospitalization, but other factors originating from the patient, such as a lack of personal hygiene at home and lack of nutritious food intake was measured in temperature, pulse, respiration, and white blood cells examination before surgery and 24 h after surgery, all within normal ranges. The qualitative analysis of prophylactic antibiotics using the Gyssen method showed that 31 (46.3%) rationales needed an improvement process.

Conclusions
The widely used prophylactic antibiotics, namely cefazolin and cefuroxime are recommended antibiotics used in incision surgery and rationale used.
Phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin, the isolated compounds of Phyllanthus niruri inhibit protein receptor of corona virus (COVID-19) through in silico approach
Authors: Marhaeny Honey Dzikri , Widyawaruyanti Aty , Widiandani Tri , Fuad Hafid Achmad , Wahyuni Tutik Sri 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives

Phyllanthus niruri has been known as an immunomodulator and also reported to possess an antiviral activity against several RNA viruses, such as hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus by inhibiting viral entry and replication. Since the current situation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) which infected among the world and caused severe disease and high morbidity, it urgently needed to find new agents against COVID-19. Therefore, in silico screening against COVID-19 receptors is carried out as an initial stage of drug discovery by evaluating the activity of phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin, an isolated from Phyllanthus niruri, in inhibiting spike glycoprotein (6LZG) and main protease (5R7Y) which play as target receptors of COVID-19.

Methods
Molegro Virtual Docker 6.0 used to determine the best binding energy through the rerank score which shows the total energy bonds calculation.

Results
Phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin demonstrated to possess greater binding affinity toward the COVID-19 inhibition sites than their native ligand. The rerank score of phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin are lower than the native ligands 6LZG and 5R7Y. This result indicated that phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin have a stronger interaction than the native ligands both in spike glycoprotein (entry inhibitor) and main protease (translation and replication inhibitor).

Conclusions
In conclusion, phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin are predicted to have strong activity against COVID-19 through inhibiting spike glycoprotein and main protease under in silico study. Further research is needed to support the development of P. niruri as inhibitor agents of COVID-19 through bioassay studies.