bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interannual Variability of Methane Storage and Emission During Autumn Overturn in a Small Lake
Authors: Ragg R. B. , Peeters F. , Ingwersen J. , Teiber‐Siessegger P. , Hofmann H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMethane emissions from freshwater systems, and especially from small lakes, source a significant proportion of naturally produced atmospheric methane. In small temperate lakes, storage flux, that is, the diffusive emission of methane that was stored in anoxic waters during the seasonal overturn of the water column, can contribute a large fraction of annual methane emissions. Here, we use an extensive field data set to quantify methane storage in anoxic deep water and identify as well as quantify the sources and losses of this methane. The comparison of measurements from 4 years in a small temperate lake (Illmensee) shows that methane storage can differ substantially between years. In 2012 and 2018, the annual maximum of the methane stored in the entire water column was around twice as high (5,350 and 5,822 kg) as in 2013 and 2017 (2,722 and 2,295 kg). A methane mass balance approach suggests that the variability of methane storage in the anoxic water between the years was not caused by the methane flux at the anoxic–oxic water interface, but rather was related to changes in the methane source from the anoxic sediments. The interannual differences in sediment flux could not be explained by sediment temperature, but rather by the differing supply of organic matter. Our findings suggest that phytoplankton blooms promote methane storage within the same year and thus cause interannual variability in emissions during autumn overturn.
Occurrence and Variations of Middle and Low Latitude Sporadic E Layer Investigated With Longitudinal and Latitudinal Chains of Ionosondes
Authors: Tang Qiong , Zhao Jiaqi , Yu Zhibin , Liu Yi , Hu Lianhuan , Zhou Chen , Zhao Zhengyu , Feng Xueshang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA longitudinal chain and a latitudinal chain of ionosondes, located at Yakutsk (129.60°E, 62.00°N), Mohe (122.37°E, 53.50°N), Beijing (116.25°E, 40.25°N), Wuhan (114.61°E, 30.53°N), Sanya (109.42°E, 18.34°N), I‐Cheon (127.54°E, 37.14°N), San Vito (17.80°E, 40.60°N), Roquest (0.50°E, 40.80°N), Millstone Hill (71.50°W, 42.60°N), and Alpena (83.56°W, 45.07°N) ionosondes, are utilized to statistically investigate the sporadic E layer (Es) occurrence rate and variation. The Es occurrence rates at all stations show a similar dependence on local time and season. However, the seasonal dependence of Es occurrence is more distinct at middle latitudes than that at low latitudes along the 120°E longitude. Results at different stations along ∼40°N latitude show much lower Es occurrence at the American sector than that at European and East Asian sectors, which is most likely because the horizontal geomagnetic field in north America is smaller than in other regions. The statistical results demonstrate that the seasonal variations of Es occurrence and strength are related to the annual variation of meteor counts. Simulation results show that the summer maximum of the ion vertical drift velocity driven by the variations of neutral densities and winds could also contribute to the seasonal variations of Es occurrence and intensity. The seasonal variations of the quasi‐6‐day and quasi‐16‐day oscillations in Es are also investigated. The seasonal variations of periodic disturbances of the Es differ between each station. Planetary waves in the MLT region cannot fully explain the seasonal variations of the periodic disturbance of Es. Solar and geomagnetic activities can also result in periodic variations of the Es.
Enhanced prediction of renal function decline by replacing waist circumference with “A Body Shape Index (ABSI)” in diagnosing metabolic syndrome: a retrospective cohort study in Japan
Authors: Nagayama Daiji , Fujishiro Kentaro , Tsuda Shinichi , Watanabe Yasuhiro , Yamaguchi Takashi , Suzuki Kenji , Saiki Atsuhito , Shirai Kohji 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Abdominal obesity as a risk factor for diagnosing metabolic syndrome (MetS) is conventionally evaluated using waist circumference (WC), although WC does not necessarily reflect visceral adiposity.

Objective
To examine whether replacing WC with “A Body Shape Index (ABSI)”, an abdominal obesity index calculated by dividing WC by an allometric regression of weight and height, in MetS diagnosis is useful for predicting renal function decline.

Subjects/Methods
In total, 5438 Japanese urban residents (median age 48 years) who participated in a public health screening program for 4 consecutive years were enrolled. Systemic arterial stiffness was assessed by cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI). The predictability of the new-onset renal function decline (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) by replacing high WC with high ABSI (ABSI ≥ 0.080) was examined using three sets of MetS diagnostic criteria: Japanese, IDF and NCEP-ATPIII.

Results
In Japanese and NCEP-ATPIII criteria, MetS diagnosed using ABSI (ABSI-MetS) was associated with significantly higher age-adjusted CAVI compared to non-MetS, whereas MetS diagnosed using WC (WC-MetS) showed no association. Kaplan–Meier analysis of the rate of new-onset renal function decline over 4 years (total 8.7%) showed remarkable higher rate in subjects with ABSI-MetS than in those without (log-rank test p < 0.001), but almost no difference between subjects with and without WC-MetS (p = 0.014–0.617). In gender-specific Cox-proportional hazards analyses including age, proteinuria, and treatments of metabolic disorders as confounders, ABSI-MetS (Japanese criteria for both sexes, IDF criteria for men) contributed independently to the new-onset renal function decline. Of these, the contribution of IDF ABSI-MetS disappeared after adjustment by high CAVI in the subsequent analysis.

Conclusion
In this study, replacing WC with ABSI in MetS diagnostic criteria more efficiently predicted subjects at risk of renal function decline and arterial stiffening.
Rank-invariant estimation of inbreeding coefficients
Authors: Zhang Qian S. , Goudet Jérôme , Weir Bruce S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe two alleles an individual carries at a locus are identical by descent (ibd) if they have descended from a single ancestral allele in a reference population, and the probability of such identity is the inbreeding coefficient of the individual. Inbreeding coefficients can be predicted from pedigrees with founders constituting the reference population, but estimation from genetic data is not possible without data from the reference population. Most inbreeding estimators that make explicit use of sample allele frequencies as estimates of allele probabilities in the reference population are confounded by average kinships with other individuals. This means that the ranking of those estimates depends on the scope of the study sample and we show the variation in rankings for common estimators applied to different subdivisions of 1000 Genomes data. Allele-sharing estimators of within-population inbreeding relative to average kinship in a study sample, however, do have invariant rankings across all studies including those individuals. They are unbiased with a large number of SNPs. We discuss how allele sharing estimates are the relevant quantities for a range of empirical applications.
Neoadjuvant eribulin in HER2-negative early-stage breast cancer (SOLTI-1007-NeoEribulin): a multicenter, two-cohort, non-randomized phase II trial
Authors: Pascual Tomás , Oliveira Mafalda , Villagrasa Patricia , Ortega Vanesa , Paré Laia , Bermejo Begoña , Morales Serafín , Amillano Kepa , López Rafael , Galván Patricia , Canes Jordi , Salvador Fernando , Nuciforo Paolo , Rubio Isabel T. , Llombart-Cussac Antonio , Di Cosimo Serena , Baselga José , Harbeck Nadia , Prat Aleix , Cortés Javier 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEribulin prolongs overall survival in patients with pre-treated advanced breast cancer. However, no biomarker exists to prospectively select patients who will benefit the most from this drug. SOLTI-1007-NeoEribulin is a phase II, open-label, two-cohort, exploratory pharmacogenomic study in patients with clinical stage I–II HER2-negative breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant eribulin monotherapy treatment. Primary objective was to explore the association of baseline tumor gene expression with pathological complete response in the breast (pCRB) at surgery. Key secondary objectives were pCRB rates in all patients and according to HR status, gene expression changes during treatment and safety. One-hundred one hormonal receptor-positive (HR + ) and seventy-three triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients were recruited. The pCRB rates were 6.4% in all patients, 4.9% in HR + disease and 8.2% in TNBC. The TNBC cohort was interrupted due to a progression disease rate of 30.1%. The pCRB rates differed according to intrinsic subtypes: 28.6% in HER2-enriched, 11.1% in Normal-like, 7.9% in Luminal B, 5.9% in Basal-like and 0% in Luminal A (HER2-enriched vs. others odds ratio = 7.05, 95% CI 1.80–42.14; p-value = 0.032). Intrinsic subtype changes at surgery occurred in 33.3% of cases, mostly (49.0%) Luminal B converting to Luminal A or Basal-like converting to Normal-like. Baseline tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were significantly associated with pCR. Eribulin showed a good safety profile with a low response and pCRB rates. Patients with HER2-negative disease with a HER2-enriched profile may benefit the most from eribulin. In addition, significant biological activity of eribulin is observed in Luminal B and Basal-like subtypes.
COVID-19 assessment in family practice—A clinical decision rule based on self-rated symptoms and contact history
Authors: Schneider Antonius , Rauscher Katharina , Kellerer Christina , Linde Klaus , Kneissl Frederike , Hapfelmeier Alexander 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of contact history and clinical symptoms and to develop decision rules for ruling-in and ruling-out SARS-CoV-2 infection in family practice. We performed a prospective diagnostic study. Consecutive inclusion of patients coming for COVID-PCR testing to 19 general practices. Contact history and self-reported symptoms served as index test. PCR testing of nasopharyngeal swabs served as reference standard. Complete data were available from 1141 patients, 605 (53.0%) female, average age 42.2 years, 182 (16.0%) COVID-PCR positive. Multivariable logistic regression showed highest odds ratios (ORs) for “contact with infected person” (OR 9.22, 95% CI 5.61–15.41), anosmia/ageusia (8.79, 4.89–15.95), fever (4.25, 2.56–7.09), and “sudden disease onset” (2.52, 1.55–4.14). Patients with “contact with infected person” or “anosmia/ageusia” with or without self-reported “fever” had a high probability of COVID infection up to 84.8%. Negative response to the four items “contact with infected person, anosmia/ageusia, fever, sudden disease onset” showed a negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.98 (95% CI 0.96–0.99). This was present in 446 (39.1%) patients. NPV of “completely asymptomatic,” “no contact,” “no risk area” was 1.0 (0.96–1.0). This was present in 84 (7.4%) patients. To conclude, the combination of four key items allowed exclusion of SARS-CoV-2 infection with high certainty. With the goal of 100% exclusion of SARS-CoV-2 infection to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 to the population level, COVID-PCR testing could be saved only for patients with negative response in all items. The decision rule might also help for ruling-in SARS-CoV-2 infection in terms of rapid assessment of infection risk.
Influence of the first wave of COVID-19 on asthma inhaler prescriptions
Authors: Bloom C. I. , Wong E. , Hickman K. , Elkin S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, there were major concerns regarding the huge demand for asthma inhalers. Using the primary-care medical records for 614,700 asthma patients between January and June 2020, we found that there was a substantial increase in inhalers solely in March 2020. Patients significantly associated with receiving higher inhaled corticosteroid prescriptions were younger, of higher socioeconomic status, and had milder asthma.
Enhanced fusogenicity and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Delta P681R mutation
Authors: Saito Akatsuki , Irie Takashi , Suzuki Rigel , Maemura Tadashi , Nasser Hesham , Uriu Keiya , Kosugi Yusuke , Shirakawa Kotaro , Sadamasu Kenji , Kimura Izumi , Ito Jumpei , Wu Jiaqi , Iwatsuki-Horimoto Kiyoko , Ito Mutsumi , Yamayoshi Seiya , Loeber Samantha , Tsuda Masumi , Wang Lei , Ozono Seiya , Butlertanaka Erika P. , Tanaka Yuri L. , Shimizu Ryo , Shimizu Kenta , Yoshimatsu Kumiko , Kawabata Ryoko , Sakaguchi Takemasa , Tokunaga Kenzo , Yoshida Isao , Asakura Hiroyuki , Nagashima Mami , Kazuma Yasuhiro , Nomura Ryosuke , Horisawa Yoshihito , Yoshimura Kazuhisa , Takaori-Kondo Akifumi , Imai Masaki ,   The Genotype to Phenotype Japan (G2P-Japan) Consortium, Chiba Mika , Furihata Hirotake , Hasebe Haruyo , Kitazato Kazuko , Kubo Haruko , Misawa Naoko , Morizako Nanami , Noda Kohei , Oide Akiko , Suganami Mai , Takahashi Miyoko , Tsushima Kana , Yokoyama Miyabishara , Yuan Yue , Tanaka Shinya , Nakagawa So , Ikeda Terumasa , Fukuhara Takasuke , Kawaoka Yoshihiro , Sato Kei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDuring the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a variety of mutations have accumulated in the viral genome of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and, at the time of writing, four variants of concern are considered to be potentially hazardous to human society1. The recently emerged B.1.617.2/Delta variant of concern is closely associated with the COVID-19 surge that occurred in India in the spring of 2021 (ref. 2). However, the virological properties of B.1.617.2/Delta remain unclear. Here we show that the B.1.617.2/Delta variant is highly fusogenic and notably more pathogenic than prototypic SARS-CoV-2 in infected hamsters. The P681R mutation in the spike protein, which is highly conserved in this lineage, facilitates cleavage of the spike protein and enhances viral fusogenicity. Moreover, we demonstrate that the P681R-bearing virus exhibits higher pathogenicity compared with its parental virus. Our data suggest that the P681R mutation is a hallmark of the virological phenotype of the B.1.617.2/Delta variant and is associated with enhanced pathogenicity.
Mechanisms of asymmetry in sea surface temperature anomalies associated with the Indian Ocean Dipole revealed by closed heat budget
Authors: Nakazato Mai , Kido Shoichiro , Tozuka Tomoki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is an interannual climate mode of the tropical Indian Ocean. Although it is known that negative sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the eastern pole during the positive IOD are stronger than positive SST anomalies during the negative IOD, no consensus has been reached on the relative importance of various mechanisms that contribute to this asymmetry. Based on a closed mixed layer heat budget analysis using a regional ocean model, here we show for the first time that the vertical mixing plays an important role in causing such asymmetry in SST anomalies in addition to the contributions from the nonlinear advection and the thermocline feedback proposed by previous studies. A decomposition of the vertical mixing term indicates that nonlinearity in the anomalous vertical temperature gradient associated with subsurface temperature anomalies and anomalous vertical mixing coefficients is the main driver of such asymmetry. Such variations in subsurface temperature are induced by the anomalous southeasterly trade winds along the Indonesian coast that modulate the thermocline depth through coastal upwelling/downwelling. Thus, the thermocline feedback contributes to the SST asymmetry not through the vertical advection as previously suggested, but via the vertical mixing.
Deciphering the generating rules and functionalities of complex networks
Authors: Xiao Xiongye , Chen Hanlong , Bogdan Paul 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNetwork theory helps us understand, analyze, model, and design various complex systems. Complex networks encode the complex topology and structural interactions of various systems in nature. To mine the multiscale coupling, heterogeneity, and complexity of natural and technological systems, we need expressive and rigorous mathematical tools that can help us understand the growth, topology, dynamics, multiscale structures, and functionalities of complex networks and their interrelationships. Towards this end, we construct the node-based fractal dimension (NFD) and the node-based multifractal analysis (NMFA) framework to reveal the generating rules and quantify the scale-dependent topology and multifractal features of a dynamic complex network. We propose novel indicators for measuring the degree of complexity, heterogeneity, and asymmetry of network structures, as well as the structure distance between networks. This formalism provides new insights on learning the energy and phase transitions in the networked systems and can help us understand the multiple generating mechanisms governing the network evolution.
A new mathematical modeling approach for thermal exploration efficiency under different geothermal well layout conditions
Authors: Gao Junyi , Shi Qipeng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe water temperature at the outlet of the production well is an important index for evaluating efficient geothermal exploration. The arrangement mode of injection wells and production wells directly affects the temperature distribution of the production wells. However, there is little information about the effect of different injection and production wells on the temperature field of production wells and rock mass, so it is critical to solve this problem. To study the influence mechanism of geothermal well arrangement mode on thermal exploration efficiency, the conceptual model of four geothermal wells is constructed by using discrete element software, and the influence law of different arrangement modes of four geothermal wells on rock mass temperature distribution is calculated and analyzed. The results indicated that the maximum water temperature at the outlet of the production well was 84.0 °C due to the thermal superposition effect of the rock mass between the adjacent injection wells and between the adjacent production wells. Inversely, the minimum water temperature at the outlet of the production well was 50.4 °C, which was determined by the convection heat transfer between the water flow and the rock between the interval injection wells and the interval production wells. When the position of the model injection well and production well was adjusted, the isothermal number line of rock mass was almost the same in value, but the direction of water flow and heat transfer was opposite. The study presented a novel mathematical modeling approach for calculating thermal exploration efficiency under various geothermal well layout conditions.
A nonlinear fractional-order damage model of stress relaxation of net-like red soil
Authors: Wang Mingwu , Xu Xinyu , Liu Qiuyan , Ding Yingxun , Shen Fengqiang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIt is essential to precisely describe the nonlinear characteristics of the stress relaxation behavior to ensure the long-term stability of geotechnical structures in the net-like red soil. A novel damage model of variable fractional-order was discussed here to accurately analyze the progress of stress relaxation for the net-like red soil. Moreover, unsaturated triaxial experiments on stress relaxation under a step-loading mode were performed to identify model parameters and investigate the nonlinear relaxation characteristics of the net-like red soil. The feasibility and validity of the proposed model were furthermore verified by comparisons with the experimental results and fitting curves obtained from the Nishihara model and the generalized Kelvin model. Results show that the analytical result by the proposed model is consistent with the measured data, and the proposed model can better depict the nonlinear characteristics of stress relaxation relative to other analytical models. It can better exhibit the relaxation evolution of soil compared with the conventional models.
A chitosan fiber as green material for removing Cr(VI) ions and Cu(II) ions pollutants
Authors: Zhang Shujie , Zhang Yating , Fu Lisong , Jing Mengke 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe application shell uses cellulose as a green and recyclable fiber material, which has great value in the field of water treatment environment. Varying factors, including pH value, dosage of CS, reaction time and original Cr(VI) ions and Cu(II) ions were studied to investigate the Cr(VI) and Cu(II) ions removal efficiency. The obtained shell trichlorocellulose has better permeability to copper ions, which is mainly due to the different oxide states of copper ions and chromium ions in a pH environment, which lead to different combinations. The price of shell cellulose neutralization is relatively low. Metal ions have better absorption properties. The kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics of the adsorption process of copper ions by chitosan yarns were discussed. The adsorption process of copper ions conformed to the quasi-second-order kinetic equation. It can be fitted by Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption of copper ions by the yarn is a spontaneous thermal reaction with both physical adsorption and chemical adsorption. Compared with chromium ions, chitosan fibers have better adsorption of copper ions, which is mainly because the amino groups in chitosan fibers can have good chelation with copper ions. SEM, FTIR, XRD were used to characterize the adsorption of copper ions by chitosan fibers, and the mechanism of the adsorption of metal ions by chitosan fibers was explored.
The correlation between graphene characteristic parameters and resonant frequencies by Monte Carlo based stochastic finite element model
Authors: Chu Liu , Shi Jiajia , de Cursi Eduardo Souza 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe uncertainty and fluctuations in graphene characteristic parameters are inevitable issues in both of experimental measurements and numerical investigations. In this paper, the correlations between characteristic parameters (Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio and thickness of graphene) and resonant frequencies are analyzed by the Monte Carlo based stochastic finite element model. Based on the Monte Carlo stochastic sampling procedure, the uncertainty in the characteristic parameters are properly propagated and quantified. The displacements and rotation modes of graphene under the resonant vibration computed by the finite element method are verified. Furthermore, the result robustness of stochastic samples is discussed based on the statistic records and probability density distributions. In addition, both the Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients of the corresponding characteristic parameters are calculated and compared. The work in this paper provides a feasible and highly efficient method for the characteristic parameter correlation discussion by taking uncertainty into consideration.