bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limbic system synaptic dysfunctions associated with prion disease onset
Authors: Foliaki Simote T. , Groveman Bradley R. , Dews Emmett A. , Williams Katie , El Soufi Hadil , Schwarz Benjamin , Leung Jacqueline M. , Schneider Christine A. , Schwartz Cindi L. , Bohrnsen Eric , Kimzey Cole D. , Race Brent , Haigh Cathryn L. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMisfolding of normal prion protein (PrPC) to pathological isoforms (prions) causes prion diseases (PrDs) with clinical manifestations including cognitive decline and mood-related behavioral changes. Cognition and mood are linked to the neurophysiology of the limbic system. Little is known about how the disease affects the synaptic activity in brain parts associated with this system. We hypothesize that the dysfunction of synaptic transmission in the limbic regions correlates with the onset of reduced cognition and behavioral deficits. Here, we studied how prion infection in mice disrupts the synaptic function in three limbic regions, the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and amygdala, at a pre-clinical stage (mid-incubation period) and early clinical onset. PrD caused calcium flux dysregulation associated with lesser spontaneous synchronous neuronal firing and slowing neural oscillation at the pre-clinical stage in the hippocampal CA1, ventral medial hypothalamus, and basolateral amygdala (BLA). At clinical onset, synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity became significantly disrupted. This correlated with a substantial depletion of the soluble prion protein, loss of total synapses, abnormal neurotransmitter levels and synaptic release, decline in synaptic vesicle recycling, and cytoskeletal damage. Further, the amygdala exhibited distinct disease-related changes in synaptic morphology and physiology compared with the other regions, but generally to a lesser degree, demonstrating how different rates of damage in the limbic system influence the evolution of clinical disease. Overall, PrD causes synaptic damage in three essential limbic regions starting at a preclinical stage and resulting in synaptic plasticity dysfunction correlated with early disease signs. Therapeutic drugs that alleviate these early neuronal dysfunctions may significantly delay clinical onset.
Dietary 5-hydroxytryptophan supplementation improves growth performance and intestinal health of weaned piglets
Authors: Xia Yinzhao , Peng Xie , Mao Jiani , Luo Ju , Li Huifeng , Ma Dengjun , Yang Zhenguo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of dietary 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) supplementation on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), blood profile, intestinal morphology, transcriptomics, and microbial composition in weaned piglets. A total of twenty-four 28-day-old weaned piglets (Landrace × Large Yorkshire, 8.28 ± 1.09 kg) were randomly divided into 3 dietary treatments with 8 replicates. The dietary treatments include basal diet (CON), CON diet containing 250 or 500 mg/kg 5-HTP. The results revealed that supplementation with 250 mg/kg 5-HTP significantly increased (P < 0.05) the average daily gain (ADG) and resulted in a lower (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR), while also decreased (P < 0.05) the diarrhea rate compared to the CON group. The ATTD of crude protein (CP) was lower in the 500 mg/kg group (P < 0.05) compared with the 250 mg/kg group. Furthermore, supplementation with 5-HTP led to significantly increased (P < 0.05) plasma albumin (ALB) and total protein (TP). In addition, supplementation with 5-HTP, particularly in the 250 mg/kg group, significantly increased (P < 0.05) serum serotonin (5-HT), growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels, and improved the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the jejunum and ileum. The transcriptomic analysis revealed that the majority of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) induced by 5-HTP were related to digestion and immunity in the ileum, and 5-HTP enhanced (P < 0.05) intestinal glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), solute carrier family 1 member 1 (SLC1A1) and solute carrier family 7 member 7 (SLC7A7) mRNA expression in weaned piglets. Furthermore, supplementation with 250 mg/kg 5-HTP increased (P < 0.05) abundance of Firmicutes, Actinobacteriota, Lachnospiracea, Ruminococcaceae and Megasphaera and decreased (P < 0.05) abundance of Spirochaetes and Treponema. Collectively, the study demonstrated that 5-HTP supplementation, particularly at 250 mg/kg, positively impacted growth performance, gut health, and microbiome composition in weaned piglets. These findings suggest the potential of using 5-HTP as a dietary supplement to enhance the health and productivity of weaned piglets.
Causal association between metabolites and age-related macular degeneration: a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study
Authors: Liu Zhen-Yu , Zhang Hang , Sun Xiu-Li , Liu Jian-Ying 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of visual impairment in the elderly population. Accumulating evidence has revealed the possible association between metabolites and AMD. This study aimed to assess the effect of plasma metabolites on AMD and its two subtypes using a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization approach.

Methods
The causality between plasma metabolites and AMD was assessed by a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics of 1400 genetically determined metabolites (GDMs) and AMD. For this MR analysis, inverse variance weighted (IVW) was used as the primary method, with weighted median, MR-Egger, weighted mode, and simple mode as supplementary methods to examine the causality. MR-Egger intercept, Cochran’s Q, and MR-PRESSO test were employed to evaluate possible pleiotropy and heterogeneity.

Results
The results of IVW showed significant causal associations between 13 GDMs and AMD. 1-stearoyl-GPE (18:0), androstenediol (3β,17β) monosulfate, stearoyl sphingomyelin (d18:1/18:0), xylose, and X-11,850 exhibited a protective effect on AMD, while gulonate and mannonate increased the risk of AMD. 1-stearoyl-GPE (18:0) and X-11,850 exhibited protective effects on dry AMD. DHEAS, 1-stearoyl-GPE (18:0), 5α-androstan-3β,17β-diol disulfate, xylose, androstenediol (3β,17β) monosulfate, and N2-acetyl, N6, N6-dimethyllysine exhibited a protective effect on wet AMD, while succinimide, 16a-hydroxy DHEA 3-sulfate, and X-13,553 increased the risk of wet AMD. Horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity did not distort the causal estimates. In the reverse MR analysis, AMD reduced the androstenediol (3β,17β) monosulfate level, and increased the stearoyl sphingomyelin(d18:1/18:0) level.

Conclusion
This study supported the effect of plasma metabolites on AMD, providing novel insights for clinical diagnosis and prevention strategy.
Surrogate model-driven multi-parameter optimization of four distinct combustion chambers in a four-stroke diesel engine
Authors: Punukollu Raviteja , Pasham Nithish Reddy , Baliga Navya 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe reduction of emissions from compression ignition (CI) engines is a major area of research in response to increasing environmental regulations and the need for cleaner energy solutions. This study presents a comprehensive computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study on a sector combustor of a CI engine, focusing on the effects of injection parameters and combustion chamber design on emissions. Four distinct combustion chamber designs—rectangular, shallow depth combustion chamber (SCC), hemispherical combustion chamber (HCC), and toroidal combustion chamber (TCC)—were analyzed. Key parameters such as tumble ratio, swirl ratio, cross-tumble ratio, soot formation, and NOx emissions were observed and compared. This study uniquely combines a comparative analysis of these combustion chamber designs with an advanced optimization of injection parameters using a Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA), an approach not widely explored in previous CI engine research. Additionally, response surface methodology (RSM) and design of experiments (DOE) were employed to gain further insights into the influence of individual variables, providing a thorough understanding of their impact on emissions and combustion performance. The results show that SCC chambers are most effective at reducing soot emissions, while TCC designs are better at lowering NOx emissions. Later injection timings showed a 450% decrease in soot rate compared to earlier timings, whereas NOx has significantly benefited from earlier injections, which presented about a 1600% difference in the NOx production when compared to late injections. These findings offer valuable contributions to the design of cleaner and more efficient CI engines, with the potential to significantly impact future engine development.
Real-World Safety and Health Care Resource Utilization of Teclistamab Under an Outpatient Model for Step-Up Dosing Administration
Authors: Sandahl Tyler B. , Soefje Scott A. , Fonseca Rafael , Ailawadhi Sikander , Parrondo Ricardo , Lin Dee , Wu Bingcao , Calay Ediz S. , Silvert Eli , Kim Nina , Carpenter Corinne , Wagner Tyler E. , Fowler Jessica , Hester Laura , Rangarajan Nivedita , Murugadoss Karthik , Marshall Alexander , Stoy Patrick , Gifkins Dina , Lin Yi , Kumar Shaji 
Published: December 2024

PURPOSE
Teclistamab is initiated with a step-up dosing (SUD) schedule to mitigate the risk of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell–associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). Early teclistamab users commonly received SUD in a hospital setting. This study aimed to evaluate safety and health care resource utilization (HRU) in real-world patients with multiple myeloma who initiated teclistamab SUD in an outpatient setting.

METHODS
This was a retrospective study using Mayo Clinic's electronic medical records from October 26, 2022, to October 31, 2023. Patient characteristics were summarized for all patients treated with teclistamab and separately for patients who started SUD outpatient. SUD pattern, safety, HRU, and post-SUD dosing schedule were described in patients with complete SUD.

RESULTS
At data cutoff, 65 patients received ≥1 teclistamab dose, including 58 patients who initiated SUD outpatient (median age, 69.2 years; male, 63.8%; White, 89.7%). Among 57 patients who completed SUD in an outpatient setting, all received premedications on the days of teclistamab administrations per label recommendation; 18 (31.6%) developed CRS (13 grade 1, four grade 2, and one grade 4) and two developed ICANS (one each with grade 2 and 4). All CRS and ICANS resolved with supportive care and all patients continued treatment. Eighteen patients were admitted to the hospital for CRS treatment, with a median CRS-related hospital stay of 2 days per admission. Most (60%) doses during SUD required <1 hour clinic time between administration and checkout. Post-SUD, clinic time for treatment doses decreased to <30 minutes for most doses (82%).

CONCLUSION
Outcomes of this study support outpatient administration as a safe and feasible option for teclistamab SUD to potentially reduce HRU and improve patient experiences.
“This Hyeh Is a Mighty Cruel Country”: Owen Wister's The Virginian, the Western Genre, and the Question of Animal Cruelty
Authors: Evron Nir 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Owen Wister's 1902 The Virginian is often described as the first proper Western, yet in stark contrast to the popular genre it helped establish, Wister's novel is continuously preoccupied with the question of animal cruelty. To explain the novel's solicitous concern with animal suffering, as well as the later Western's blanket indifference to this theme, the essay sets The Virginian in the context of a profound late nineteenth-century transformation in the way Americans experienced and understood animals. This transformation, it argues, was occasioned by three important cultural-economic developments: the removal of livestock from the American city, the postbellum incorporation of America's food industry, and the rapid expansion of middle-class pet ownership. Wister's novel, the essay concludes, anticipates this cultural realignment with respect to animals and offers (even if only intermittently) an alternative moral horizon, one that the midcentury Western and the society it catered to would largely ignore.
Segment Profit/Loss and the Limitations of a “Management Approach”
Authors: Durney Michael T. , Gee Kurt H. , Wiebe Zac 
Published: December 2024

GAAP’s “Management Approach” to segment reporting (ASC 280) requires firms to report segment profit/loss as the measure managers use when allocating resources internally across segments under the assumption that investors benefit from viewing segment performance through the eyes of management. We examine how segment performance measurement aligns with the way that investors use segment profit/loss measures externally. We first survey professional investors and find that they primarily use segment profit/loss to assess firm value and therefore desire measures focused on persistent income items that help predict future performance. Next, for a sample of public multi-segment firms from 2003 to 2018, we hand-collect details on the construction of firms’ segment profit/loss measures and compare them to the same firms’ valuation-focused measures (i.e., non-GAAP earnings and non-GAAP segment profit/loss). Relative to non-GAAP measures, ASC 280 segment profit/loss is significantly more likely to include less persistent items (e.g., restructuring charges) and exclude more persistent items (e.g., interest expense). ASC 280 segment profit/loss is also less predictive of future performance and less value relevant than non-GAAP measures. These differences are attributable to ASC 280 yielding segment profit/loss measures that focus on the controllability of items by segment managers instead of items’ persistence. Overall, ASC 280’s segment profit/loss exhibits misalignment between its internal use by managers (i.e., internal resource allocation) and its primary external use by investors (i.e., valuation), which limits its usefulness for investors. Our study informs market participants and standard setters considering the usefulness of segment disclosures. This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.01224 .
How Does Flexibility Affect Environmental Performance? Evidence from the Power Generation Industry
Authors: Drake David F. , Muthulingam Suresh 
Published: December 2024

Problem definition: It is well known that the power sector requires flexibility, especially from fossil fuel–based power-generating units, to balance demand side variability and supply side fluctuations. However, the environmental consequences related to possessing and exercising such flexibility remain relatively unexplored. In this study, we examine the environmental impact of two forms of flexibility pertinent to power generation: fuel flexibility—that is, the ability to utilize multiple fuel types, and volume flexibility—that is, the ability to alter production volumes quickly. Methodology/results: We assembled a data set that spans 1998–2016 and includes details on fuel usage, power generation, generating unit characteristics, and carbon dioxide (i.e., CO2) emissions for 3,135 fossil fuel power-generating units that account for more than 92% of the United States’ fossil fuel–generating capacity. Our empirical analysis reveals that power-generating units that possess fuel flexibility or volume flexibility generate greater CO2 emissions than comparable nonflexible generating units. Additionally, when power-generating units exercise fuel flexibility (i.e., they use multiple fuel types in a period) or volume flexibility (i.e., they vary production to a greater degree in a period), they generate greater CO2 emissions. By contrast, when power-generating units exercise both fuel and volume flexibility, we find that they diminish the aggregate emissions increases expected from exercising fuel or volume flexibility alone. Managerial implications: We add to the literature by exploring how flexibility affects environmental performance and by disambiguating the effects of possessing flexibility and exercising flexibility. These results are important when considering the penetration of renewables, the adoption of utility-grade storage, and demand response as each of these paths can significantly affect the flexibility burden placed on conventional sources of power. Thus, our results are relevant to policy makers and practitioners because they crystallize the environmental tradeoffs involved with deploying flexibility in fossil fuel–based power-generating units. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2023.0522 .
Multiday User Equilibrium with Strategic Commuters
Authors: Wu Minghui , Yin Yafeng , Lynch Jerome P. 
Published: December 2024

In the era of connected and automated mobility, commuters possess strong computation power, enabling them to strategically make sequential travel choices over a planning horizon. This paper investigates the multiday traffic patterns that arise from such decision-making behavior. In doing so, we frame the commute problem as a mean-field Markov game and introduce a novel concept of multiday user equilibrium to capture the steady state of commuters’ interactions. The proposed model is general and can be tailored to various travel choices, such as route or departure time. We explore a range of properties of the multiday user equilibrium under mild conditions. The study reveals the fingerprint of user inertia on network flow patterns, causing between-day variations even at a steady state. Furthermore, our analysis establishes critical connections between the multiday user equilibrium and conventional Wardrop equilibrium. Funding: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation [Grants CMMI-1854684, CMMI-1904575, CMMI-2233057, and CMMI-2240981]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2023.0488 .
YOLOv5-CCM: A YOLOv5-Based Approach for Posture Recognition of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco in High-Density Aquaculture
Authors: Sun Chaoqi , Song Junqi , Li Lu , Zhou Yufan , Zhou Chengyu , Kou Shengzhou , Chen Yanqi , Wan Peng 
Published: December 2024

HighlightsFish posture recognition under high-density aquaculture conditions is realized.The improved model demonstrated good robustness to different light intensities and fish densities.The YOLOv5-CCM model indices mAP@0.5 improved by 5.03%.Abstract. The precise recognition of fish posture is crucial for monitoring their behavior, serving as a key indicator of well-being and early detection of diseases. This study introduces a gesture recognition model specifically designed for Pelteobagrus fulvidraco in dense aquaculture environments, utilizing an improved version of the YOLOv5s architecture. An underwater camera with a resolution of 1920×1080 captured the initial image of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. To improve dataset quality in the challenging underwater environment, characterized by low visibility, the Multi-Scale Retinex with Color Restoration (MSRCR) algorithm enhanced the original image, forming the base image dataset. To preserve essential image features during convolution, the study replaced all incremental convolutional layers in the YOLOv5 feature extraction network with the Channel Conversion Module (CCM). The model further refined the fish posture recognition by incorporating a cross-attention mechanism and replacing the CIoU_Loss function with the SIoU_loss function, thereby improving detection accuracy. To reduce model complexity and increase inference speed, the detection header was decoupled. Experimental results reveal that the YOLOv5-CCM model achieves a significant 5.03% increase in detection mean average precision (mAP) compared to the standard YOLOv5s model. Compared to other target detection algorithms such as SSD, Faster R-CNN, YOLOv4, YOLOX, and YOLOv8s, the mAP@0.5 showed improvements of 10.74%, 4.63%, 7.39%, 5.42%, and 1.61%, respectively. The YOLOv5-CCM model notably enhances detection accuracy, proving highly effective in identifying the underwater posture of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and advancing fish status monitoring efforts. Keywords: Attention mechanism, Channel conversion module, High-density farming, Pose recognition, YOLOv5s.
The abstraction of labour from the factory to the platform
Authors: Hristova Tsvetelina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this article, I argue that the entanglements between visuality and automation need to be situated and analysed as part of the abstraction of labour and the labour process in capitalism. The striving to standardise, control and optimise the labour process is the original drive behind the operationalisations of visuality in service of capitalist industrial technology. This includes contemporary AI systems, which, despite their increasing complexity, can and should be traced back to the division of labour (Pasquinelli, 2023). My work focuses on the process diagram and its uses in low-code and no-code tools for robotic process automation (RPA), where it is instrumentalised as a form of labour abstraction for the automation of white-collar work. I show how visuality can help us trace the transformation between the techniques of labour abstraction in early scientific management, on the one hand, and data and algorithms as a particular type of abstract labour, on the other hand. Building on Jathan Sadowski’s (2019) point that data is manufactured through the agency of labour as a ‘recorded abstraction of the world created and valorised by people using technology’ (ibid.:2), I argue that the process diagram serves as a vantage point through which this process of abstraction and the role of visuality in enabling and obscuring this process can be investigated.
From the Girmitiya to the Makful
Authors: Katyayani Shreya 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article seeks to draw parallels between two different migration systems – the Girmitiya system, also known as the Indian indentureship of the nineteenth century and the Kafala system, under which migration in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) nations take place – by studying the common elements in both systems such as a binding contract, immobility and racial segregation of living quarters. Contractual arrangements of this nature in these systems typically involve agreements that commit workers for extended periods to specific locations while simultaneously imposing legal or practical limitations on their ability to terminate the contract or exercise freedom of movement. Debt relations often play a significant role in shaping these forms of labour. Indebtedness forces individuals into such contracts, while the accumulation of debt often traps them, preventing them from leaving coercive agreements. Instead, they are compelled to extend their stay by signing new contracts. Labourers are, thus, confronted with risky choices and temporary suspensions of basic human rights. The article also examines how migrants historically circumvented the Girmitiya system through everyday acts of resistance – such as indolence and absence from work – drawing on James C. Scott’s (1990) concept of ‘infra politics’. It then compares these tactics with those employed today under the Kafala regime by the Makfuls (migrants working under the Kafala), including strategies like the Khalli-Walli (free visa system), Azaad visa and care or ethnic/social networks, focusing specifically on migrants from Bihar in North India.