bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived chronic stress influences the effect of acute stress on cognitive flexibility
Authors: Knauft Katherine , Waldron Alexander , Mathur Mishali , Kalia Vrinda 
Published: December 2021

AbstractExecutive functions are cognitive processes that facilitate goal-directed behavior by enabling us to direct and control our thoughts. Cognitive flexibility is an executive function characterized by the ability to mentally shift between rules, strategies, or tasks. Several studies have reported that acute (brief) stress impairs cognitive flexibility. Even though an individual’s perception of their chronic stress levels is shown to influence effects of future stressors, the interactive effect of acute and perceived chronic stress on cognitive flexibility is not known. We conducted two experiments to address this gap. In both studies, perceived chronic stress was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale. Acute stress was induced using the Cold Pressor Test. Number of perseverative errors on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test was used as an indicator of cognitive flexibility. In Study 2, we also measured salivary alpha amylase as a marker of the physiological stress response. Data from our two studies are consistent with the hypothesis that an individual’s perception of their chronic stress level may impact the effect of acute stress on perseveration. In Study 1, we observed a significant interaction between acute and perceived chronic stress on perseverative errors, such that only individuals who reported high levels of perceived chronic stress prior to acute stress exposure showed no change in perseveration following the acute stress manipulation. This effect did not differ based on participant sex. In Study 2, we found a similar interaction effect of acute and perceived chronic stress on perseverative errors in an all-woman sample. After identifying salivary alpha amylase responders and non-responders, we observed a strong, negative correlation between perceived chronic stress and perseverative errors amongst the responders only. Our data highlight the value in studying salivary alpha amylase in response to acute stress exposure. Additionally, perceived chronic stress emerged as a key variable in the relationship between acute stress and cognitive flexibility. Overall, our work suggests that future research interested in interrogating moderators in the relationship between acute stress and cognition would benefit from inclusion of measures of chronic stress.
Predicting anesthetic infusion events using machine learning
Authors: Miyaguchi Naoki , Takeuchi Koh , Kashima Hisashi , Morita Mizuki , Morimatsu Hiroshi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRecently, research has been conducted to automatically control anesthesia using machine learning, with the aim of alleviating the shortage of anesthesiologists. In this study, we address the problem of predicting decisions made by anesthesiologists during surgery using machine learning; specifically, we formulate a decision making problem by increasing the flow rate at each time point in the continuous administration of analgesic remifentanil as a supervised binary classification problem. The experiments were conducted to evaluate the prediction performance using six machine learning models: logistic regression, support vector machine, random forest, LightGBM, artificial neural network, and long short-term memory (LSTM), using 210 case data collected during actual surgeries. The results demonstrated that when predicting the future increase in flow rate of remifentanil after 1 min, the model using LSTM was able to predict with scores of 0.659 for sensitivity, 0.732 for specificity, and 0.753 for ROC-AUC; this demonstrates the potential to predict the decisions made by anesthesiologists using machine learning. Furthermore, we examined the importance and contribution of the features of each model using Shapley additive explanations—a method for interpreting predictions made by machine learning models. The trends indicated by the results were partially consistent with known clinical findings.
A population-based study of TyG index distribution and its relationship to cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents
Authors: Yoon Jong Seo , Shim Young Suk , Lee Hae Sang , Hwang Il Tae , Hwang Jin Soon 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to present age- and sex-specific distributions of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and to evaluate their relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. A total of 7404 participants aged 10–18 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey were included as the reference population. The TyG index was calculated as ln(fasting triglyceride [mg/dL] × fasting glucose [mg/dL]/2). The percentile of the TyG index exhibited a steady linear relationship with age for both sexes. TyG index significantly correlated with waist circumference (WC) standard deviation score (SDS; r = 0.110, p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (SBP; r = 0.104, p < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (DBP; r = 0.083, p < 0.001), glucose (r = 0.220, p < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; r = − 0.325, p < 0.001), and triglycerides (TG; r = 0.926, p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the TyG index was significantly associated with WC SDS (β = 0.116, p < 0.001), SBP (β = 2.009, p < 0.001), DBP (β = 1.464, p < 0.001), glucose (β = 3.376, p < 0.001), HDL-C (β =  − 6.431, p < 0.001), and TG (β = 85.518, p < 0.001). Our results suggest that the TyG index has a steady linear distribution for sex and age in children and adolescents and constitutes an indicator for predicting metabolic disorders that could lead to cardiovascular disease later in life.
Survival impact of treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Ajimizu Hitomi , Ozasa Hiroaki , Sato Susumu , Funazo Tomoko , Sakamori Yuichi , Nomizo Takashi , Kuninaga Kiyomitsu , Ogimoto Tatsuya , Hosoya Kazutaka , Yamazoe Masatoshi , Tsuji Takahiro , Yoshida Hironori , Itotani Ryo , Ueno Kentaro , Kim Young Hak , Muro Shigeo , Hirai Toyohiro 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may coexist with lung cancer, but the impact on prognosis is uncertain. Moreover, it is unclear whether pharmacological treatment for COPD improves the patient’s prognosis. We retrospectively investigated patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who had received chemotherapy at Kyoto University Hospital. Coexisting COPD was diagnosed by spirometry, and the association between pharmacological treatment for COPD and overall survival (OS) was assessed. Of the 550 patients who underwent chemotherapy for advanced NSCLC between 2007 and 2014, 347 patients who underwent spirometry were analyzed. Coexisting COPD was revealed in 103 patients (COPD group). The median OS was shorter in the COPD group than the non-COPD group (10.6 vs. 16.8 months). Thirty-seven patients had received COPD treatment, and they had a significantly longer median OS than those without treatment (16.7 vs. 8.2 months). Multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed the positive prognostic impact of COPD treatment. Additional validation analysis revealed similar results in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Coexisting COPD had a significant association with poor prognosis in advanced NSCLC patients if they did not have pharmacological treatment for COPD. Treatment for coexisting COPD has the potential to salvage the prognosis.
Likelihood of unprecedented drought and fire weather during Australia’s 2019 megafires
Authors: Squire Dougal T. , Richardson Doug , Risbey James S. , Black Amanda S. , Kitsios Vassili , Matear Richard J. , Monselesan Didier , Moore Thomas S. , Tozer Carly R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBetween June 2019 and March 2020, thousands of wildfires spread devastation across Australia at the tragic cost of many lives, vast areas of burnt forest, and estimated economic losses upward of AU$100 billion. Exceptionally hot and dry weather conditions, and preceding years of severe drought across Australia, contributed to the severity of the wildfires. Here we present analysis of a very large ensemble of initialized climate simulations to assess the likelihood of the concurrent drought and fire-weather conditions experienced at that time. We focus on a large region in southeast Australia where these fires were most widespread and define two indices to quantify the susceptibility to fire from drought and fire weather. Both indices were unprecedented in the observed record in 2019. We find that the likelihood of experiencing such extreme susceptibility to fire in the current climate was 0.5%, equivalent to a 200 year return period. The conditional probability is many times higher than this when we account for the states of key climate modes that impact Australian weather and climate. Drought and fire-weather conditions more extreme than those experienced in 2019 are also possible in the current climate.
Passive detection of COVID-19 with wearable sensors and explainable machine learning algorithms
Authors: Gadaleta Matteo , Radin Jennifer M. , Baca-Motes Katie , Ramos Edward , Kheterpal Vik , Topol Eric J. , Steinhubl Steven R. , Quer Giorgio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIndividual smartwatch or fitness band sensor data in the setting of COVID-19 has shown promise to identify symptomatic and pre-symptomatic infection or the need for hospitalization, correlations between peripheral temperature and self-reported fever, and an association between changes in heart-rate-variability and infection. In our study, a total of 38,911 individuals (61% female, 15% over 65) have been enrolled between March 25, 2020 and April 3, 2021, with 1118 reported testing positive and 7032 negative for COVID-19 by nasopharyngeal PCR swab test. We propose an explainable gradient boosting prediction model based on decision trees for the detection of COVID-19 infection that can adapt to the absence of self-reported symptoms and to the available sensor data, and that can explain the importance of each feature and the post-test-behavior for the individuals. We tested it in a cohort of symptomatic individuals who exhibited an AUC of 0.83 [0.81–0.85], or AUC = 0.78 [0.75–0.80] when considering only data before the test date, outperforming state-of-the-art algorithm in these conditions. The analysis of all individuals (including asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic) when self-reported symptoms were excluded provided an AUC of 0.78 [0.76–0.79], or AUC of 0.70 [0.69–0.72] when considering only data before the test date. Extending the use of predictive algorithms for detection of COVID-19 infection based only on passively monitored data from any device, we showed that it is possible to scale up this platform and apply the algorithm in other settings where self-reported symptoms can not be collected.
Forecasting adverse surgical events using self-supervised transfer learning for physiological signals
Authors: Chen Hugh , Lundberg Scott M. , Erion Gabriel , Kim Jerry H. , Lee Su-In 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHundreds of millions of surgical procedures take place annually across the world, which generate a prevalent type of electronic health record (EHR) data comprising time series physiological signals. Here, we present a transferable embedding method (i.e., a method to transform time series signals into input features for predictive machine learning models) named PHASE (PHysiologicAl Signal Embeddings) that enables us to more accurately forecast adverse surgical outcomes based on physiological signals. We evaluate PHASE on minute-by-minute EHR data of more than 50,000 surgeries from two operating room (OR) datasets and patient stays in an intensive care unit (ICU) dataset. PHASE outperforms other state-of-the-art approaches, such as long-short term memory networks trained on raw data and gradient boosted trees trained on handcrafted features, in predicting six distinct outcomes: hypoxemia, hypocapnia, hypotension, hypertension, phenylephrine, and epinephrine. In a transfer learning setting where we train embedding models in one dataset then embed signals and predict adverse events in unseen data, PHASE achieves significantly higher prediction accuracy at lower computational cost compared to conventional approaches. Finally, given the importance of understanding models in clinical applications we demonstrate that PHASE is explainable and validate our predictive models using local feature attribution methods.
Loss of peptidase D binding restores the tumor suppressor functions of oncogenic p53 mutants
Authors: Yang Lu , Li Yun , Bhattacharya Arup , Zhang Yuesheng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTumor suppressor p53, a critical regulator of cell fate, is frequently mutated in cancer. Mutation of p53 abolishes its tumor-suppressing functions or endows oncogenic functions. We recently found that p53 binds via its proline-rich domain to peptidase D (PEPD) and is activated when the binding is disrupted. The proline-rich domain in p53 is rarely mutated. Here, we show that oncogenic p53 mutants closely resemble p53 in PEPD binding but are transformed into tumor suppressors, rather than activated as oncoproteins, when their binding to PEPD is disrupted by PEPD knockdown. Once freed from PEPD, p53 mutants undergo multiple posttranslational modifications, especially lysine 373 acetylation, which cause them to refold and regain tumor suppressor activities that are typically displayed by p53. The reactivated p53 mutants strongly inhibit cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Our study identifies a cellular mechanism for reactivation of the tumor suppressor functions of oncogenic p53 mutants.
Advancing the science of dynamic airborne nanosized particles using Nano-DIHM
Authors: Pal Devendra , Nazarenko Yevgen , Preston Thomas C. , Ariya Parisa A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn situ and real-time characterization of aerosols is vital to several fundamental and applied research domains including atmospheric chemistry, air quality monitoring, or climate change studies. To date, digital holographic microscopy is commonly used to characterize dynamic nanosized particles, but optical traps are required. In this study, a novel integrated digital in-line holographic microscope coupled with a flow tube (Nano-DIHM) is demonstrated to characterize particle phase, shape, morphology, 4D dynamic trajectories, and 3D dimensions of airborne particles ranging from the nanoscale to the microscale. We demonstrate the application of Nano-DIHM for nanosized particles (≤200 nm) in dynamic systems without optical traps. The Nano-DIHM allows observation of moving particles in 3D space and simultaneous measurement of each particle’s three dimensions. As a proof of concept, we report the real-time observation of 100 nm and 200 nm particles, i.e. polystyrene latex spheres and the mixture of metal oxide nanoparticles, in air and aqueous/solid/heterogeneous phases in stationary and dynamic modes. Our observations are validated by high-resolution scanning/transmission electron microscopy and aerosol sizers. The complete automation of software (Octopus/Stingray) with Nano-DIHM permits the reconstruction of thousands of holograms within an hour with 62.5 millisecond time resolution for each hologram, allowing to explore the complex physical and chemical processes of aerosols.
Specific ablation of PDGFRβ-overexpressing pericytes with antibody-drug conjugate potently inhibits pathologic ocular neovascularization in mouse models
Authors: Lee Seok Jae , Kim Soohyun , Jo Dong Hyun , Cho Chang Sik , Kim Su Ree , Kang Dongmin , Chae Jisu , Yoo Duck Kyun , Ha Suji , Chung Junho , Kim Jeong Hun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Crosstalk between pericytes and endothelial cells is critical for ocular neovascularization. Endothelial cells secrete platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB and recruit PDGF receptor β (PDGFRβ)–overexpressing pericytes, which in turn cover and stabilize neovessels, independent of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Therapeutic agents inhibiting PDGF-BB/PDGFRβ signaling were tested in clinical trials but failed to provide additional benefits over anti-VEGF agents. We tested whether an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) – an engineered monoclonal antibody linked to a cytotoxic agent - could selectively ablate pericytes and suppress retinal and choroidal neovascularization.

Methods
Immunoblotting, flow cytometry, cell viability test, and confocal microscopy were conducted to assess the internalization and cytotoxic effect of ADC targeting mPDGFRβ in an in vitro setting. Immunofluorescence staining of whole-mount retinas and retinal pigment epithelium-choroid-scleral complexes, electroretinography, and OptoMotry test were used to evaluate the effect and safety of ADC targeting mPDGFRβ in the mouse models of pathologic ocular neovascularization.

Results
ADC targeting mPDGFRβ is effectively internalized into mouse brain vascular pericytes and showed significant cytotoxicity compared with the control ADC. We also show that specific ablation of PDGFRβ-overexpressing pericytes using an ADC potently inhibits pathologic ocular neovascularization in mouse models of oxygen-induced retinopathy and laser-induced choroidal neovascularization, while not provoking generalized retinal toxicity.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that removing PDGFRβ-expressing pericytes by an ADC targeting PDGFRβ could be a potential therapeutic strategy for pathologic ocular neovascularization.
Tuning fast excited-state decay by ligand attachment in isolated chlorophyll a
Authors: Gruber Elisabeth , Teiwes Ricky , Kjær Christina , Brøndsted Nielsen Steen , Andersen Lars H. 
Published: December 2021

Excited-state dynamics plays a key role for light harvesting and energy transport in photosynthetic proteins. Here we study the intrinsic dynamics of two chlorophyll a complexes by performing fs-pump-probe measurements in vacuo.
Diagnosis and Therapy of Female Genital Malformations (Part 1). Guideline of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG (S2k Level, AWMF Registry Number 015/052, May 2019)
Authors: Oppelt Peter , Binder Helge , Birraux Jacques , Brucker Sara , Dingeldein Irene , Draths Ruth , Eckoldt Felicitas , Füllers Ulrich , Hiort Olaf , Hoffmann Dorit , Hoopmann Markus , Hucke Jürgen , Korell Matthias , Kühnert Maritta , Ludwikowski Barbara , Mentzel Hans-Joachim , mon OʼDey Dan , Rall Katharina , Riccabona Michael , Rimbach Stefan , Schäffeler Norbert , Shavit Sandra , Stein Raimund , Utsch Boris , Wenzl Rene , Wieacker Peter , Zeino Mazen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectives Female genital malformations may take the form of individual entities, they may involve neighboring organs or they may occur in the context of complex syndromes. Given the anatomical structures of the vulva, vagina, uterus and adnexa, the clinical picture of malformations may vary greatly. Depending on the extent of the malformation, organs of the urinary system or associated malformations may also be involved.Methods This S2k-guideline was developed by representative members from different medical specialties and professions as part of the guidelines program of the DGGG, SGGG and OEGGG. The recommendations and statements were developed using a structured consensus process with neutral moderation and voted on.Recommendations The guideline is the first comprehensive presentation of the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment options for female genital malformations. Additional chapters on classifications and transition were included.
Diagnosis and Therapy of Female Genital Malformations (Part 2). Guideline of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG (S2k Level, AWMF Registry Number 015/052, May 2019)
Authors: Oppelt Peter , Binder Helge , Birraux Jacques , Brucker Sara , Dingeldein Irene , Draths Ruth , Eckoldt Felicitas , Füllers Ulrich , Hiort Olaf , Hoffmann Dorit , Hoopmann Markus , Hucke Jürgen , Korell Matthias , Kühnert Maritta , Ludwikowski Barbara , Mentzel Hans-Joachim , mon OʼDey Dan , Rall Katharina , Riccabona Michael , Rimbach Stefan , Schäffeler Norbert , Shavit Sandra , Stein Raimund , Utsch Boris , Wenzl Rene , Wieacker Peter , Zeino Mazen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objectives Female genital malformations may be present in the form of individual entities, they may involve neighboring organs or they may occur in the context of complex syndromes. Given the anatomical structures of the vulva, vagina, uterus and uterine appendages, the clinical picture of malformations varies greatly.
Methods This S2k-guideline was developed by representative members from different medical specialties and professions as part of the guidelines program of the DGGG, SGGG and OEGGG. The recommendations and statements were developed and voted on using a structured consensus process with neutral moderation.
Recommendations This guideline is the first comprehensive summary of female genital malformations from infancy to adulthood which covers clinical examinations, diagnostic workups and treatment options. Additional chapters have been included on complex urogenital malformations, vascular malformations, psychosomatic care, and tumor risk.
Strahlenschutz in der Zahnmedizin und Kieferorthopädie unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Weiss Veronika , Krasser Andreas , Stücklschweiger Georg , Kirnbauer Barbara , Sorantin Erich 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungBildgebende Verfahren sind mittlerweile insbesondere für die individualisierte Medizin ein essenzieller Bestandteil in fast allen medizinischen Fachgebieten.Mittels verschiedener invasiver und nichtinvasiver Apparate werden meist 2- oder 3-dimensionale Bildinformationen zur Diagnostik unverzichtbar, gegebenenfalls in Kombination mit funktionellen Parametern.In der Zahnmedizin und Kieferorthopädie kommt zu den 2-dimensionalen speziell röntgenbasierten Abbildungsverfahren mit zunehmender Häufigkeit die Schnittbilddiagnostik hinzu, hier im Vordergrund die „Digitale Volumentomografie (DVT)“ (englisch „Cone Beam Computed Tomography“ – CBCT).Der Großteil der kieferorthopädischen Patientinnen und Patienten ist im Kindesalter, hier gilt der Leitsatz „Kinder sind allerdings keine kleinen Erwachsenen“ 1. Insbesondere die anatomischen, metabolischen und funktionellen Gegebenheiten unterscheiden sich bei Kindern z. T. vehement von Erwachsenen, wodurch sich eine deutlich höhere Strahlenempfindlichkeit bei ihnen zeigt.Dieser Artikel zeigt die Grundlagen der Strahlenwirkung auf den Menschen und umfasst die unterschiedliche Dosisbelastung typischer zahnmedizinischer bzw. kieferorthopädischer Bildgebungsmethoden sowie deren erforderliche Strahlenschutzmaßnahmen, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Kindern.