bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health History Skills for Interprofessional Learners in Transgender and Nonbinary Populations
Authors: Ruud Maria N. , Demma Jennifer M. , Woll Anne , Miller Joseph M. , Hoffman Samantha , Avery Melissa D. 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionTransgender and nonbinary peoplehave been identified as vulnerable and clinically underserved and experience health disparities. Lack of health care provider knowledge about transgender and gender diverse populations is a barrier to care, impacting health outcomes. The aim of this project was to develop, implement, and evaluate a simulation learning activity for midwifery and women's health nurse practitioner students and obstetrics and gynecology residents to interact with transgender and nonbinary individuals, with the goal of enhancing health history taking comfort and skills.MethodsA partnership was formed among University faculty and simulation educators, a community clinic providing gender‐affirming care, and members of transgender and gender diverse populations who served as patient‐teachers. Two cases frequently encountered in clinics providing care to transgender individuals were developed for the simulation. Learners were divided into interprofessional groups of 3 and completed one of 2 case scenarios with a patient‐teacher. Learners and patient‐teachers debriefed after the simulation to discuss and reflect on the experience.ResultsThirty‐three learners participated in the simulation, 12 midwifery students, 16 women's health nurse practitioner students and 5 obstetrics and gynecology residents. Significant differences were observed for all comfort and skills questions, showing increased perceived comfort and skills from pre‐ to postsimulation. There were no significant differences in attitude responses.DiscussionWe successfully created and implemented a new sexual and reproductive history taking skills simulation in partnership with community clinic staff and transgender and nonbinary persons. The session was well received by learners and patient‐teachers. Learners demonstrated significant improvements in comfort and skills in history taking in this setting and provided favorable feedback about the experience. This simulation can serve as a guide to others providing education to future midwives, women's health nurse practitioners, and obstetrician‐gynecologists.
Gall bladder ejection fractions in dogs investigated for chronic altered appetite: 14 cases (2015–2017)
Authors: Viljoen A. D. , Tamborini A. , Bexfield N. H. 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesTo determine if gall bladder dysmotility occurs in dogs investigated for chronic altered appetite and to determine if gall bladder dysmotility warrants further investigation as a contributing factor to altered appetite.Materials and MethodsCase series of dogs investigated for chronic gastrointestinal disease. Gastrointestinal clinical signs were assessed before and after a 6‐week hydrolysed protein diet. Gall bladder ejection fractions were determined at the end of the 6‐week hydrolysed protein diet as part of an investigation that included a full blood cell count, biochemistry, abdominal X‐rays and ultrasound. The gall bladder ejections fraction results of dogs with normal appetite were compared to dogs with general inappetence and dogs with diurnal inappetence in the morning.ResultsIn this retrospective case series of 14 dogs, altered appetite was the most frequent and persistent clinical sign associated with chronic gastrointestinal disease. Nine dogs had suboptimal gall bladder function and this occurred in dogs with, and without, gravity‐dependent biliary sludge. Gall bladder function and volumes of dogs in this study were comparable to those of dogs with nongravity‐dependent gall bladder sludge or gall bladder mucoceles in other studies. There was an observable difference in gall bladder ejection fractions between groups defined by appetite but no statistically significant difference was present. Small sample sizes meant the effect size was large.Clinical SignificanceGall bladder dysmotility and distension can occur in the absence of gall bladder sludge and mucocoeles in younger dogs. Gall bladder dysmotility requires further investigation as a potential contributing factor to altered appetite in dogs.
Pharmacokinetic Profiles of Metamizole Metabolites after Intramuscular and Intravenous Administration in Healthy Arabian Horses
Authors: Yılmaz İsmet , Maraş Zeynep , Uğur Yılmaz , Erkan Özgür Mustafa , Durmaz Murat , İbrahim Ulusoy Halil , Erdoğan Selim 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMetamizole sodium (MT) is an analgesic and antipyretic drug molecule used in humans, horses, cattle, swine, and dogs. Metamizole rapidly hydrolyzes and turns into methylamino antipyrine (MAA), an active primary metabolite of MT. The present study aims to determine the pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of MT metabolites after intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) administration into sex of Arabian horses (Equus ferus caballus) using a cross‐over study design. The plasma samples were extracted by solid‐phase extraction (SPE) method, and plasma concentrations of MT metabolites were analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). After administrations of MT, plasma concentrations of methylamino antipyrine (MAA), amino antipyrone (AA), and acetylamino antipyrone (AAA) were determined within range of 15 min‐12 h. Plasma concentrations of AA and AAA were lower than the plasma concentrations of major metabolite MAA at each sampling point. The PK parameters were statistically evaluated for MT’s metabolites between male and female horses and also between IM and IV administrations of PK parameters such as Cmax, tmax, t1/2λz, AUC0‐t, AUC0‐∞, λz, Cl and Vss (p < .05). The AUCIM/AUCIV ratio in female and male horses for MAA was 1.19 and 1.13, respectively. The AUCIM/AUCIV ratio for AA was lower than those found for MAA. AUCIM/AUCIV ratio was statistically significantly different between male and female horses for AA (p < .05). According to these results, some PK parameters such as Cmax, AUC, and MRT, MAA and AA concentrations have shown statistically significant differences by MT administrations.
A case of pubic osteomyelitis after implantation of an artificial urinary sphincter: A case report
Authors: Kusakabe Naohisa , Kitta Takeya , Chiba Hiroki , Higuchi Madoka , Shinohara Nobuo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCaseWe describe a rare case of pubic osteomyelitis secondary to implantation of an artificial urinary sphincter (AUS). A 49‐year‐old man developed total urinary incontinence due to spinal cord injury 23 years earlier. After AUS implantation, he became continent. Fourteen years later, incontinence suddenly recurred.OutcomeWe planned to replace the dysfunctional AUS with a new one. We removed only the implanted control pump, leaving the urethral cuff at the bladder neck and pressure‐regulating balloon to reduce surgical invasiveness, and performed AUS reimplantation. A new urethral cuff was placed around the bulbar urethra. Postoperatively, antibiotics, placement of a drainage catheter, and removal of the new AUS were required due to device infection. However, the infection persisted and magnetic resonance imaging showed inflammatory changes at the symphysis pubis, so osteotomy was performed to control infection. One year postoperatively, no gait disturbance or recurrence of pubic osteomyelitis was identified. AUS reimplantation was again performed and the patient is now socially continent.ConclusionsWe have reported a rare case of pubic osteomyelitis secondary to AUS implantation. Clinicians should suspect pubic osteomyelitis if infection persists.
The autophagy‐enhancing drug carbamazepine improves neuropathology and motor impairment in mouse models of Machado–Joseph disease
Authors: Vasconcelos‐Ferreira Ana , Carmo‐Silva Sara , Codêsso José Miguel , Silva Patrick , Martinez Alberto Rolim Muro , França Jr Marcondes Cavalcante , Nóbrega Clévio , Pereira de Almeida Luís 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsMachado–Joseph disease (MJD), or spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), is the most common autosomal dominantly‐inherited ataxia worldwide and is characterised by the accumulation of mutant ataxin‐3 (mutATXN3) in different brain regions, leading to neurodegeneration. Currently, there are no available treatments able to block disease progression. In this study, we investigated whether carbamazepine (CBZ) would activate autophagy and mitigate MJD pathology.MethodsThe autophagy‐enhancing activity of CBZ and its effects on clearance of mutATXN3 were evaluated using in vitro and in vivo models of MJD. To investigate the optimal treatment regimen, a daily or intermittent CBZ administration was applied to MJD transgenic mice expressing a truncated human ATXN3 with 69 glutamine repeats. Motor behaviour tests and immunohistology was performed to access the alleviation of MJD‐associated motor deficits and neuropathology. A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the CBZ effect in MJD patients.ResultsWe found that CBZ promoted the activation of autophagy and the degradation of mutATXN3 in MJD models upon short or intermittent, but not daily prolonged, treatment regimens. CBZ up‐regulated autophagy through activation of AMPK, which was dependent on the myo‐inositol levels. In addition, intermittent CBZ treatment improved motor performance, as well as prevented neuropathology in MJD transgenic mice. However, in patients, no evident differences in SARA scale were found, which was not unexpected given the small number of patients included in the study.ConclusionsOur data support the autophagy‐enhancing activity of CBZ in the brain and suggest this pharmacological approach as a promising therapy for MJD and other polyglutamine disorders.
Association of central arterial blood pressure and left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Cai Ruyi , Shao Lina , Zhu Yifan , Liu Yueming , Zhang Jinshi , He Qiang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsIn the general population, central arterial blood pressure has proved to be more closely related to left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) than brachial arterial blood pressure. We aimed to investigate whether this relationship was true in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodsIn this retrospective study, we reviewed the medical records of 289 adult patients with CKD from the Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital in Zhejiang, China. Demographic, echocardiographic and brachial and central blood pressure parameters were retrieved from medical records. Central blood pressure was measured using the SphygmoCor® CvMS (AtCor, Australia) device and its corresponding software. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of LVH. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine the ability of central and brachial blood pressure to predict LVH.ResultsThe left ventricular mass index was positively associated with both central and brachial blood pressures. However, multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that a central pulse pressure (CPP) ≥ 58 mm Hg was an independent risk factor for LVH (OR = 5.597, 95%CI 2.363–13.259, p < .001). Brachial pulse pressure is not superior to CPP in predicting LVH (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.695, 95%CI 0.634–0.756, p < .001 vs. AUC = 0.687, 95%CI: 0.626–0.748, p < .001, respectively; p = .4824).ConclusionOur results suggested that, similarly to the general population, CPP is a better parameter for predicting the occurrence of LVH in patients with CKD.
Teacher‐as‐actor: Investigating the barriers and facilitators of patient education among hospitalized patients in a cardiology clinical unit
Authors: Boyde Mary , Tuckett Anthony , Ty Jerry 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPatient education enables people with cardiovascular disease to develop self‐management behaviors. This study aimed to explore facilitators and barriers to teaching patients in a clinical cardiology unit with a single site qualitative investigation involving 21 registered nurses attending four focus groups. This study identified barriers related to patient factors including individual characteristics and responses to education, comorbidities, acuity, and evolving diagnosis, while for nurses the barriers were lack of knowledge and expertise. Barriers associated with the physical environment included nursing workload issues and lack of resources. Facilitators included patients being engaged in the process of education, prepared, and ready to be educated, while a conducive physical environment was also seen as a facilitator. This study exposed inhibiting and enabling variables associated with the exchange between patients and nurses by viewing the nurse and the patient as actors and audience in a theatrical model where communicating to teach patients is seen as a collaborative art. The nurse who understands the barriers and facilitators to teaching will more likely engage the patient in successful learning and development of self‐care behaviors.
Development of the Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index to evaluate nurses’ empathy
Authors: Aoki Yoshimi , Katayama Harumi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe determined the validity and reliability of the Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index in a sample of Japanese nurses. Participants were registered nurses at national university hospitals and nursing researchers in Japan. A postal questionnaire was conducted. Construct validity was analyzed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and convergent validity demonstrated using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. The Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index has an 18‐item, two‐factor structure with Cronbach's alpha values of 0.87 and 0.73. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a goodness‐of‐fit index of 0.917, an adjusted goodness‐of‐fit of 0.894, a root mean square error of approximation of 0.60, and a comparative fit index of 0.911. Correlation analysis between the Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index and Interpersonal Reactivity Index indicated the factors were significantly correlated for empathic concern and perspective taking (r = 0.439–0.401). Test–retest assessment showed reliability coefficients for the first factor as r = 0.859 and the second factor as r = 0.709. The Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index demonstrated validity and reliability for Japanese nurses. The two factors evaluated perspective taking and unconditional positive regard.
Clinical features and long‐term outcomes in pediatric cyclic vomiting syndrome: A 9‐year experience at three tertiary academic centers
Authors: Dipasquale Valeria , Falsaperla Raffaele , Bongiovanni Annarita , Ruggieri Martino , Romano Claudio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPediatric cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a little‐known clinical condition, frequently diagnosed with delay. This study aims to describe the clinical presentation and management and to define possible predictive factors of the disease outcome.MethodsIn this retrospective study, all children who were diagnosed with CVS during the period 2010–2019 in three tertiary academic centers were included. The association between clinical variables and outcomes was investigated.Key ResultsFifty‐seven children were included (male/female ratio 1.3:1; mean age at diagnosis 8.2 years). At the time of diagnosis, 63% of children had at least one episode every month. One or more prodromes were reported by 75% of patients. Family history of migraine was reported for 47% of children. Nearly, all of the children were started on prophylactic treatment. The median follow‐up period was 29 months ± 15. Overall, 56% of children had resolution of vomiting. Twenty‐six percent of children developed migraine. There were no differences in gender, age at onset, duration of follow‐up, severity, medication, family history, or trigger factors between children who underwent resolution of vomiting and those who did not, or between children who suffered from migraine or not at follow‐up. Four types of disease outcome were recognized, that is, resolution of vomiting with or without associated symptoms; persistence of vomiting with or without associated symptoms.Conclusions and InferencesCyclic vomiting syndrome clinical presentation has inter‐individual variability. Most children recover at follow‐up, but often develop further somatic symptoms. In this study, no clinical variable clearly predicted the evolution of the syndrome toward one or the other outcome.
Symptom severity and clinical characteristics of patients with bloating
Authors: Gardiner Catherine P. , Singh Prashant , Ballou Sarah , Hassan Rifu , Yu Vanessa , Lembo Anthony , Nee Judy , Iturrino Johanna 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAbdominal bloating is common in functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID). To better characterize this patient population, we evaluated clinical and psychological characteristics of bloating and analyzed their differences by bloating severity.MethodsPatients with FGIDs evaluated at a single academic outpatient referral gastroenterology clinic were surveyed. Bloating severity was classified as minimal, moderate or severe. Symptom‐specific questionnaires were used to evaluate bowel habits, abdominal bloating, depression, anxiety, somatization and sleep disturbance. Associations between bloating severity, clinical characteristics and FGID subtypes were analyzed in univariate and multivariate modeling.Key ResultsOf 612 FGID patients included (78% female, mean age of 44 ± 16.5 years), bloating was reported as minimal in 231(37.8%), moderate in 217(35.4%), or severe in 164(26.8%). Patients with severe bloating were more likely to be female, younger, and have co‐existing functional dyspepsia than those with minimal bloating (p < 0.05). Bloating severity and severity of abdominal distension were significantly correlated (p < 0.05). On multivariable regression, patients who met criteria for functional constipation and functional dyspepsia had 80% and 125% higher odds, respectively, of severe bloating compared to minimal to moderate bloating. Younger age, abdominal pain and constipation severity, and somatization scores were also independently associated with severity of bloating.Conclusions & InferencesSevere bloating is associated with younger age, and with more severe abdominal pain, constipation, and somatization. Patients who met criteria for functional constipation and functional dyspepsia are more likely to experience severe bloating.
Microbiome‐mediated response to pulse fire disturbance outweighs the effects of fire legacy on plant performance
Authors: Revillini Daniel , David Aaron S. , Menges Eric S. , Main Kevin N. , Afkhami Michelle E. , Searcy Christopher A. 
Published: August 2021

Summary

Fire plays a major role in structuring plant communities across the globe. Interactions with soil microbes impact plant fitness, scaling up to influence plant populations and distributions. Here we present the first factorial manipulation of both fire and soil microbiome presence to investigate their interactive effects on plant performance across a suite of plant species with varying life history traits.

We conducted fully factorial experiments on 11 species from the Florida scrub ecosystem to test plant performance responses to soils with varying fire histories (36 soil sources), the presence/absence of a microbiome, and exposure to an experimental burn.

Results revealed interactive ‘pulse’ effects between fire and the soil microbiome on plant performance. On average, post‐fire soil microbiomes strongly reduced plant productivity compared to unburned or sterilized soils. Interestingly, longer‐term fire ‘legacy’ effects had minor impacts on plant performance and were unrelated to soil microbiomes.

While pulse fire effects on plant–microbiome interactions are short‐term, they could have long‐term consequences for plant communities by establishing differential microbiome‐mediated priority effects during post‐disturbance succession. The prominence of pulse fire effects on plant–microbe interactions has even greater import due to expected increases in fire disturbances resulting from anthropogenic climate change.
Ethnic Background and the Value of Self‐Employment Experience: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment*
Authors: Aldén Lina , Bastani Spencer , Hammarstedt Mats 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe use a randomized field experiment in Sweden to investigate how self‐employment experience is valued in the labour market. Our results show that self‐employment experience negatively impacts the likelihood of receiving a positive response from employers. For male applicants, this holds regardless of ethnic background, and independently of whether we consider applicants with experience solely from self‐employment, or applicants with combined experience from wage employment and self‐employment. For female applicants, the results are less clear‐cut. Our findings provide input into the discussion about the impact of self‐employment on the chances for individuals with different ethnic background to obtain wage employment.
Potential benefits of melatonin to control pain in ventilated preterm newborns: An updated review
Authors: Cannavò Laura , Perrone Serafina , Marseglia Lucia , Viola Valeria , Di Rosa Gabriella , Gitto Eloisa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInfants admitted to neonatal intensive care units are repeatedly stimulated by painful events, especially if intubated. Preterm infants are known to have greater pain perception than full term infants due to immaturity of descending inhibitory circuits and poor noxious inhibitory modulation. Newborns exposed to repetitive painful stimuli are at high risk of impairments in brain development and cognition. Chronic pain is induced and supported by proinflammatory cytokines, free radicals, and reactive oxygen species creating a self‐ sustaining vicious circle. Melatonin is a neurohormone secreted by the pineal gland with antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory functions. This review describes the in‐depth beneficial effects of melatonin for pain control in ventilated preterm newborns. As yet, a minimal amount of literature has been undertaken to consider all its promising bioactivities. The rationale behind the use of melatonin for pain control has also been taken into account in this review. Besides, this review addresses safety concerns and dosages. The potential benefits of melatonin have been assessed against neurological disorders, respiratory distress, microbial infections, and as analgesic adjuvant during ventilation. Additionally, a possible approach for the use of melatonin in ventilated newborns will be discussed.
Faith and Philosophy: Richard Swinburne and the Analytic Philosophy of Religion – An Interview
Authors: Migliorini Damiano 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRichard Swinburne is one of the best‐known names in the international philosophical scene. His apologetic project is considered one of the largest and most impactful and profound of the last century. The interview conducted here explores many biographical and theoretical issues (Omniscience, Eternity, God’s existence, Free will, Analogy, Relational ontology and Powers ontology, Soul‐Body relation, Trinity, Evil), and it aims to trace a broad (albeit necessarily partial) path through his numerous works. The interview took place in 2016, in Oxford, at Swinburne’s home. Today, Swinburne’s thought is discussed in monographs and doctoral theses, witnessing to an influence that will undoubtedly be lasting.