bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Comparisons of Real-time Ammonia Adsorption Measurement in Varying Inlet Tubes and the Different Ammonia Measurement Methods in the Atmosphere
Authors: Kim Kyunghoon , Park Gyutae , Kang Seokwon , Singh Rahul , Song Jeongin , Choi Siyoung , Park Inseon , Yu Dong-Gil , Kim Myeong-Bok , Bae Min-Suk , Jung Suna , Chang YuWoon , Park Jonghun , Jung Hae-Jin , Lim Yong-jae , Lee Taehyoung 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) is an important, albeit sticky, precursor for producing secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA), especially in the form of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4). To reduce SIAs, many researchers have attempted to measure the concentration of ambient NH3 using real-time or passive methods. However, NH3 is a highly sticky gas and is therefore difficult to measure using real-time methods without incurring losses during measurement. In this study, four different tubing materials, semi seamless tubes, perfluoroalkoxy (PFA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), were used to ascertain the adsorption of NH3 in inlets using real-time instruments. Without heating sample tubes and at 0% relative humidity (RH), this study shows that PTFE had the least adsorption(i.e., 0% at 1 and 2m of sample tube), and semi-seamless tubes had the highest adsorption (i.e., 27.5% at 1 m of sample tube). To calculate the adsorption of NH3 under ambient conditions, at various inlet lengths, the RH of NH3 was varied from 20% to 80%, which showed that shorter inlets and higher RH lower NH3 adsorption at inlets (i.e., 1.74 ppb m−1 at 80% RH and 7.48 ppb m−1 at 20% RH). Additionally, inlet heating was effective in reducing the adsorption of NH3 as the RH decreased. Applying the inlet system (i.e., 2 m of PTFE tube with heating) showed excellent correlation (slope: 0.995 and coefficient: 0.992) between two different real-time measurements while measuring ambient air.
Emission Characteristics of PM (PMtotal, PM10, PM2.5), NOx, CO and VOCs Emitted from LNG-fired Gas Turbine and Small Domestic Boiler
Authors: Kim JongHyeon , Yu JeongHun , Song Jihan , Lee DoYoung , Yu MyeongSang , Hwang InJun , Kim JinSung , Kim JongHo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In recent years, natural gas is increasingly being used in the heating and power generation sectors as a clean fuel with an aim to reduce air pollution. In this study, a standard test method was used to measure air pollutants and identify emission characteristics for gas turbines and small domestic boilers, which use LNG as fuel. For gas turbines, the air pollutants were measured at 14 sites, whereas for small domestic boilers, six of them were installed in a laboratory to run tests due to limitations in on-site measuring and testing. However, the small domestic boilers were all new machines and were operated for long consecutive hours for testing, meaning that the results could vary from that of on-site boilers. The results show that gas turbines and small domestic boilers not only emit PM2.5, but also particulate matters larger than PM2.5. According to the measurements, the average concentration level of PMtotal, PM10, and PM2.5 generated from gas turbines are 51.8, 38.5, and 28.1 µg/m3 (@O2 15%), respectively. Those generated from small domestic boilers were 31.3, 26.2, and 20.0 µg/m3 (@O2 4%), respectively. The NOx concentration levels complied with the emission limits. Especially where a NOx control device was in place, both the NOx and CO concentration levels were relatively low. However, the NOx and CO concentration levels were generated from small domestic boilers were relatively high, since the emission limits were not applied. VOCs were measured at 10 facilities where 28 samples were collected. The compounds that were identified were Aromatics, Oxygenated VOCs, Alkanes, in that order, which were consistent across the samples. Aromatics consisted mostly of toluene, o,m,p-xylenes, benzene, and ethylbenzene. Among oxygenated VOCs, ethyl acetate, vinyl acetate, and isopropyl alcohol, etc. were identified. In other words, gas turbines generated a wider range and higher concentration levels of VOCs compared to small domestic boilers. The emission factors of gas turbines and small domestic boilers were derived from the measurements, and then compared with the standard emission factors of other countries (NAER, U.S. EPA AP-42, EMEP/EEA). PM emission factors calculated in this study were lower than that of existing emission factors and the calculated NOx emission factors (uncontrolled) for the small boilers were also lower. The CO emission factor for gas turbines was lower than that of existing emission factors, but higher for the small domestic boilers. Emission factors of benzene, toluene, and xylenes, which are hazardous air pollutants, were lower than those of U.S. EPA AP-42.
The Multiple Sclerosis Data Alliance Catalogue
Authors: Geys Lotte , Parciak Tina , Pirmani Ashkan , McBurney Robert , Schmidt Hollie , Malbaša Tanja , Ziemssen Tjalf , Bergmann Arnfin , Rojas Juan I. , Cristiano Edgardo , García-Merino Juan Antonio , Fernández Óscar , Kuhle Jens , Gobbi Claudio , Delmas Amber , Simpson-Yap Steve , Nag Nupur , Yamout Bassem , Steinemann Nina , Seeldrayers Pierrette , Dubois Bénédicte , van der Mei Ingrid , Stahmann Alexander , Drulovic Jelena , Pekmezovic Tatjana , Brola Waldemar , Tintore Mar , Kalkers Nynke , Ivanov Rumen , Zakaria Magd , Naseer Maged Abdel , Van Hecke Wim , Grigoriadis Nikolaos , Boziki Marina , Carra Adriana , Pawlak Mikolaj A. , Dobson Ruth , Hellwig Kerstin , Gallagher Arlene , Leocani Letizia , Dalla Costa Gloria , de Carvalho Sousa Nise Alessandra , Van Wijmeersch Bart , Peeters Liesbet M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground:One of the major objectives of the Multiple Sclerosis Data Alliance (MSDA) is to enable better discovery of multiple sclerosis (MS) real-world data (RWD).Methods:We implemented the MSDA Catalogue, which is available worldwide. The current version of the MSDA Catalogue collects descriptive information on governance, purpose, inclusion criteria, procedures for data quality control, and how and which data are collected, including the use of e-health technologies and data on collection of COVID-19 variables. The current cataloguing procedure is performed in several manual steps, securing an effective catalogue.Results:Herein we summarize the status of the MSDA Catalogue as of January 6, 2021. To date, 38 data sources across five continents are included in the MSDA Catalogue. These data sources differ in purpose, maturity, and variables collected, but this landscaping effort shows that there is substantial alignment on some domains. The MSDA Catalogue shows that personal data and basic disease data are the most collected categories of variables, whereas data on fatigue measurements and cognition scales are the least collected in MS registries/cohorts.Conclusions:The Web-based MSDA Catalogue provides strategic overview and allows authorized end users to browse metadata profiles of data cohorts and data sources. There are many existing and arising RWD sources in MS. Detailed cataloguing of MS RWD is a first and useful step toward reducing the time needed to discover MS RWD sets and promoting collaboration.
The North American Registry for Care and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (NARCRMS)
Authors: Rammohan Kottil W. , Halper June , Lang Steven , Murphy Sara McCurdy , Patton Lisa , Goodman Courtney , Li David K.B. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Although many regional multiple sclerosis (MS) databases existed in the United States and Canada, there was no single clinician-derived registry that examined this disease as a group across the North American continent. This distinction is important because information that results from such a database can potentially give perspectives about MS that cannot be derived from any single regional registry. A partnership was forged between the pharmaceutical industry and the Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centers (CMSC) to create a registry of patients with MS from Canada and the United States, including Puerto Rico. Case report forms were created to collect physician-derived information, and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) was selected to capture patient-reported outcomes. As of November 2021, 754 of 1000 patients have been enrolled. Completion of recruitment is expected by the end of 2021. Twenty-five centers are participating, with an expected total of 30, including five centers from Canada. Clinical status, health economic outcomes, magnetic resonance images, and, soon, biomarkers relevant to understanding relapses and progression are collected. The short-term goal is to understand and better treat MS disease progression, and the long-term goal is its prevention. The North American Registry for Care and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (NARCRMS) is one of few clinician/patient-generated registries that examines MS across North America, including Puerto Rico. Information derived from the natural history studies should help physicians, the pharmaceutical industry, and regulatory bodies understand MS better and improve quality of life for patients with MS worldwide.
Examining the validity of chiropractic grade point averages for predicting National Board of Chiropractic Examiners Part I exam scores
Authors: Himelfarb Igor , Shotts Bruce L. , Gow Andrew R. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the validity of grade point average (GPA) for predicting the National Board of Chiropractic Examiners (NBCE) Part I exam scores using chiropractic GPA.

Methods
Data were collected during the January 2019 computer-based testing administration of the NBCE's Part I exam. The sample size was n = 2278 of test takers from 18 domestic and 4 international chiropractic educational institutions. Six regression models were developed and tested to predict the Part I domain scores from chiropractic GPA while controlling for self-reported demographic variables. Residuals from the models were disaggregated by pre–chiropractic GPA.

Results
Chiropractic GPA revealed a positive, statistically significant correlation with sex. The chiropractic GPA was found to be a significant predictor of the Part I domain scores. A different perspective was obtained when residuals (observed minus predicted) were collected and split by the pre–chiropractic GPA. Very good students tended to be underpredicted, while other students were overpredicted.

Conclusion
This study builds on the cascading evidence from educational literature by providing additional results suggesting that undergraduate (prechiropractic) GPA as well as the GPA obtained in doctor of chiropractic programs are related to the future performance on the NBCE Part I exam. The results provide a first glance at the connection between the standardized test scores, which are often used for instructors' and institutional evaluation and the GPA obtained in a doctor of chiropractic program.
Effects of Medical Drugs According to Sweating Localization in Primary Hyperhidrosis
Authors: Onur Bayrakçi 
Published: December 2021

Background: Primary hyperhidrosis is excessive sweating localized to different parts of the body, mostly on the hands. It is exact cause unknown, negatively affects the psychosocial structure of the person and a clinically important health problem.
Aims: In the study, it was aimed to examine the effects of drugs used on primary hyperhidrosis.
Study Design: The drugs used by the patients who applied to the thoracic surgery clinic with the complaint of sweating and their effects were analyzed retrospectively. Ersin Arslan Training and Research Hospital Thoracic Surgery Clinic between January 1, 2015, and September 30, 2021 (outcomes of seven years).
Methodology: A total of 120 patients(45 female, 75 male and age range 8-67) with sweating complaints were identified. Age, gender, sweating localization and drugs used were examined. Statistically, data were analyzed with 95% confidence interval(CI) and Chi Square test.
Results: A total of 120 patients were analyzed. 37.5% were female and 62.5% male.The mean age was 27.1±1.54 years.Patients were use 23.4% Aluminum hydrochloride cream),20.8% Bornaprine hydrochloride, 20% Hyoscine-N-butylbromide.According to sweating localizations;42.6% palmar only, 18.7% palmar and axilla, 18.7% palmar and craniofacial, 7.8% palmar and plantar, 5.9% diffuse, 4.5% cranial, 1.8% palmar and abdomen.It is more often between ages of 21-30 and in male.According to the complaints of patients with a history of using medical treatment; there were 34.5% partial response and 20.2% complete response, and no response to medical treatment in 45.3%.
Conclusion: In the study; according to the localization of sweating;Aluminum hydrochloride cream reduces sweating on the palmar, and Hyoscine-N-butylbromide reduces axillary and palmar sweating. Bornaprine hydrochloride reduces sweating on all localizations except craniofacial and abdomen, and is related with a complete response on palmar sweating.According to sweating localizations; although there are localizations where all three drugs used are effective, it has been concluded that these drugs used in primary hyperhidrosis do not respond fully at a high rate.
Trait Based Adaptation and Yield Stability Parameters in Little Millet (Panicum sumatrense Roth. ex. Roem. and Schultz.)
Authors: Selvi V. Manimozhi , Nirmalakumari A. 
Published: December 2021

Twelve accessions of littlemillet genotypes which included 10 germplasm accessions and two released check varieties were studied over five environments of rainy seasons of 2013 for their grain yield and stability. The results have shown that genotypes TNPsu 141 and TNPsu 28 had possessed around unit regression coefficient (b = 1.24 to 0.82), thus displaying average stability and are adaptable to all the above five different agro-ecological zones. Also, these genotypes had non- significant S2di values enabling it to predict the stability. Genotypes TNPsu 17, PM 29, TNPsu 18, and IPmr 886 manifested significantly higher single plant grain yield than the standard check varieties along with regression coefficient values of greater than one expressing above-average stability. These can be performed better in a favourable environment. However, they were classified as unstable due to their significant S2 di values revealing that the performance of the genotypes was unpredictable for the given environment. These genotypes were performed better under optimum conditions. Out of 12 genotypes MS 1826 and MS 4684 had an average response and appeared unpredictable stability. However, among the genotypes studied, TNPsu 141 possessed low yield and perform better in sub -optimum environments which are inferred by less than unit regression.
Protocol on to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching on Knowledge Regarding to Adverse Effect of Antipsychotic Agents among Caregivers of Schizophrenia Patient
Authors: Ekhar Deepti , Kasturkar Pooja , Gawai Jaya 
Published: December 2021

Background of the Study: The involvement of caregivers in treatment has been known as a vital part of mental health care. The enlarged emphasis on caregiver partaking has been to some extent driven by the shift from hospitals to primary provision of schizophrenia care in the community, where caregivers are more broadly involved in supporting consumers.
Objectives: 1. To assess the pre-test knowledge regarding adverse effect of antipsychotic agent among caregivers of schizophrenia patients 2. To evaluate the effectiveness of planed teaching programme on knowledge regarding to antipsychotic agent among caregiver of schizophrenia patients. 3. To find out the association between post-test knowledge score with regards to adverse effect of antipsychotic agent regarding to adverse effect among caregivers of schizophrenia patients.
Material and Methods: Pre-experimental, one group pretest and post-test design to assess the effectiveness of planed teaching on knowledge regarding adverse effect of antipsychotic agents and their response during the adverse effect among caregivers of schizophrenia patients. In this study total 100 caregivers of schizophrenia patient who full fill the inclusion criteria.
Expected Results: This study is planned to assess the effectiveness of planed teaching on knowledge regarding to adverse effect of antipsychotic agents among caregivers of schizophrenia patients. There will be significant association between pre-test and post-test knowledge with regards to antipsychotic agents among schizophrenia patient’s caregivers.
Conclusion: The conclusion will be drawn from the outcomes.
Frequency of Malignancies in Surgical Subjects and Subjects with Mass in Breast in the Surgical Department of Pumhsw Nawabshah Pakistan
Authors: Chandio Sadia Ayoob , Khowaja Mashoque Ali , Memon Gulshan Ali , Ayaz Attiya , Chandio Yasir Ayoob , Qureshi Sajjad Hussain , Ghumro Altaf Hussain , Ahmer Arslan 
Published: December 2021

Objective: To conclude frequency for malignancies in subjects with mass in breast at the PUMHSW Nawabshah department of surgery Wards.
Design of Study: This is an Observational research.
Duration & Location of Study: Current research was carried out in surgery at Nawabshah People's Medical College Hospital (SBA) from November 20, 2018 to November 20, 2020.
Methodology: This research comprised of 200 subjects. A comprehensive history was taken from total subjects with special consideration for breast nodules & axillary lymph nodes & recorded proforma to evaluate the affected area was specifically inspected. A systematic review was also conducted to identify comorbidities. Total subjects received baseline & specific tests, especially radiological & histopathological reports. The selection criterion was that total female subjects over the age of 15 associated with mass in breast were included in this research. Exclusion criteria were subjects with breast abscesses & those who were diagnosed & treated for breast cancer with recurrent lesions.
Results: the range of age started from 15-65 years, 39+4.11 years was mean age. lesion of Benign nature on biopsy were were Fibroadenoma 22%, intraductal papilloma 9%, Phylloid Tumor Benign 6% & lactating adenoma 5%. Neoplastic nature was observed on biopsy invasive ductal carcinoma 19%, Invasive lobular carcinoma 11% & malignant phylloides tumor 9%.
Conclusion: Study determined that frequency of breast malignancy in breast lumps was 58%.
Effectiveness of the Video-Assisted Teaching on Anorexia Nervosa among Adolescent Girls in Selected Colleges
Authors: Bokade Kanchan , Wanjari Mayur , Kurian Bibin , Besekar Switi , Wagh Pranali , Waware Sonali , Gujar Samruddhi 
Published: December 2021

Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a debilitating psychiatric disorder associated with many adverse health complications and psychiatric comorbidity. Literature review suggests that existing evidence for AN treatment in adults is weak, and no empirically supported treatment has been reliably established. The primary objective of this study is to gain knowledge about the effectiveness of enhanced cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT-E) for anorexia nervosa delivered in a public hospital setting. Baseline predictors of treatment outcome and dropout are studied. Furthermore, blood and stool samples for a general biobank to be able to initiate research on possible pathophysiological mechanisms underlying anorexia nervosa.
Methods: This study was based on a Quasi-experimental one-group pre-test and post-test research design. In this study, 60 adolescent girls were included. The sampling technique used in this study was the nonprobability convenience method of sampling. Data was collected by using questionnaires.
Results: In the pre-test, 14(28%) of the adolescent girl had poor knowledge, 68% of them had average, and 4% of them had a good level of knowledge score. The minimum score in pre-test was three, and the maximum score was 11; the mean score for the pre-test was 6.88 ± 2.04with a mean percentage score of 34.40 ±10.23, whereas in post-test, 8(16%) of the adolescent girl had average knowledge, 70% of them had good, and 14% of them had an excellent level of knowledge score.
Conclusion: Thus, it is concluded that the planned teaching on the prevention of anorexia nervosa among adolescent girls effectively improved the knowledge.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Cartoon Videos on Post Operative Pain and Discomfort among 5 to 10 Years Children
Authors: Kolhekar Sonali , Aage Mayuri , Badwaik Rajshree , Bageshwar Disha , Bahadure Pranay , Lohawe Badal 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: A study to evaluate to assess the effectiveness of cartoon videos on post-operative pain and discomfort among 5-to-10-year children. It’s needed for the improvement in health as well as a diversion from pain and wellbeing of children. The important part of every person’s life is to understand children, without understanding we cannot communicate with children. Our whole life has been greatly influenced by our childhood and our experiences. In the hospital, children frequently encounter unpredictable and acute procedure-related pain, which can have detrimental emotional and psychological consequences.
Objective: To assess the level of pain among the children of the control group. To evaluate the effectiveness and compare of cartoon videos on post-operative pain and discomfort among 5-to-10-year children in experimental group and control group. To associate the level of pain score of the control group and experimental group with selected demographic variables.
Methodology: An interventional research strategy is used in this study. The true-experimental two-group post-test control design is used in this research. This research was carried out in Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital (AVBRH) on Postoperative youngsters aged 5 to 10 years.
Conclusion: The statistical analysis will lead to a conclusion.
Synthesis, Characterization of Some New 1,3,5-Trisubstituted Pyrazole Derivatives for Their Antifungal Potential
Authors: Sharma Anupam , Jain Alok Pal , Gangwar Mayank 
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study was to develop, synthesis, and characterise a novel 1,3,5-trisubstituted-2-pyrazolines derivative, as well as to evaluate its antifungal activity. The reaction of chalcone derivatives with succinic hydrazide in the presence of pyridine yielded the 1,3,5-tri-substituted-2-pyrazolines derivatives. Total 20 compounds has been synthesized and characterized by the IR, 1HNMR and mass spectral analysis. Antifungal activity of the compounds carried out onfour fungal strains i.e. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, A. Niger, C. Albicans and R. Oryzae in two different concentration i.e. 50 and 100 µg/ml by Agar-diffusion method using Cup-plate method. The usual antifungal medicine was ketoconazole. All of the synthesized 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazole compounds (ME1-ME8, CL1-CL8, BR1-BR4) showed medium to best action against examined organisms, according to antifungal activity data. The antifungal activity of compounds against fungal strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, A. Niger, Candida albicans, and R. Oryzae) revealed the following order of action: CL-4 > BR-4 > CL-3 > CL-2 > ME-3> ME-2> CL-5 > CL-6 > ME-4 > ME-5 > ME-6 > ME-7 > CL-7 > CL-8>ME-8 >CL-1 >ME-1 > CL-5 > CL-6 > ME-4 > ME-5 > ME-6 > ME-7 > CL-7 > CL-8>ME-8 >CL-1 >ME-1. Electronegative groups (Br, Cl, F, and NO2) must be present at the third and fifth positions of the 1,3,5-pyrazoline ring for significant antifungal action. The presence of an electronegative group at the third and fifth positions may be required for the best action against bacterial and fungal strains, however the addition of F, NO2 has demonstrated moderate activity, while the substitution of methyl and methoxy groups may reduce the activity. The synthesized compounds in the BR-1 through BR-4 class are the most active.