bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Existence and stability of azeotropes in the terminal model of multicomponent copolymerization
Authors: Christov Latchezar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA simple numerical algorithm for calculating the azeotropic composition of multicomponent copolymers (if such a composition exists) is presented. The method is based on regular Markov chains in the frame of the terminal model of irreversible chain propagation in chain‐growth copolymerization. It requires as few calculations as just solving two systems of linear equations. The stability of the azeotropic composition in a batch reactor is discussed. A numerical procedure that can distinguish between a stable and an unstable azeotropic composition is proposed. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Posttranscriptional regulation of cellulose synthase genes by small RNAs derived from cellulose synthase antisense transcripts
Authors: Nething Daniel B. , Sukul Abhijit , Mishler‐Elmore John W. , Held Michael A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTranscriptional regulatory mechanisms governing plant cell wall biosynthesis are incomplete. Expression programs that activate wall biosynthesis are well understood, but mechanisms that control the attenuation of gene expression networks remain elusive. Previous work has shown that small RNAs (sRNAs) derived from the HvCESA6 (Hordeum vulgare, Hv) antisense transcripts are naturally produced and are capable of regulating aspects of wall biosynthesis. Here, we further test the hypothesis that CESA‐derived sRNAs generated from CESA antisense transcripts are involved in the regulation of cellulose and broader cell wall biosynthesis. Antisense transcripts were detected for some but not all members of the CESA gene family in both barley and Brachypodium distachyon. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that antisense transcripts are detected for most primary cell wall CESA genes, suggesting a possible role in the transition from primary to secondary cell wall biosynthesis. Focusing on one antisense transcript, HvCESA1 shows dynamic expression throughout development, is correlated with corresponding sRNAs over the same period and is anticorrelated with HvCESA1 mRNA expression. To assess the broader impacts of CESA‐derived sRNAs on the regulation of cell wall biosynthesis, transcript profiling was performed on barley tissues overexpressing CESA‐derived sRNAs. Together, the data support the hypothesis that CESA antisense transcripts function through an RNA‐induced silencing mechanism, to degrade cis transcripts, and may also trigger trans‐acting silencing on related genes to alter the expression of cell wall gene networks.
Multiple severe late adverse effects after definitive chemoradiation for locally advanced cervical cancer
Authors: Danko Calida Marie , Hong Linda Jahwa , Slater Jerry Donald 
Published: September 2021

AbstractConcurrent chemoradiation is the standard of care for locally advanced cervical cancer and is commonly associated with mild to moderate toxicities. Severe late complications in multiple organ systems in patients without known patient‐ or treatment‐related risk factors are rare. A 42‐year‐old woman was treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy with external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy. She had complete resolution of the disease, with no evidence of recurrence. However, she experienced late morbidity in multiple organ systems due to treatment, likely indicating an increased sensitivity to radiation. This case highlights the need for improvements in the identification of such patients.
Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) fruit syrup for gastroesophageal reflux disease in children: A double‐blind randomized clinical trial
Authors: Paknejad Maryam Sadat , Eftekhari Kambiz , Rahimi Roja , Vigeh Mohsen , Naghizadeh Ayeh , Karimi Mehrdad 
Published: September 2021

This double‐blind study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of a syrup made from Myrtus communis L. fruit on children with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Children aged 1–7 years old, diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), were randomly allocated to either intervention group (omeprazole and “myrtle fruit syrup”) or control group (omeprazole and placebo syrup). GERD symptom questionnaire for young children (GSQ‐YC) was filled out for each patient at zeroth and eighth week, and also 4 weeks after cessation of intervention. No statistically significant difference between two groups in terms of GERD score was reported neither in 8th nor in 12th week assessments. During the 4 weeks of the drug‐free period, patients in myrtle group did not experience a large shift in GERD score, while patients in placebo syrup group experienced an increase of as much as 19.4. However, this difference was not statistically significant, although it could be significant clinically. For achieving more conclusive results, more studies are needed. The symptom “refusal to eat” in the intervention group was less than in placebo group after 8 weeks (p = .018) and at the end of the study (p = .042). So myrtle fruit syrup may be considered for children with low appetite.
Temperature Selective Thermometry with Sub‐Microsecond Time Resolution Using Dressed‐Spin States in Diamond
Authors: Yun Jiwon , Kim Kiho , Park Sungjoon , Kim Dohun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractVersatile nanoscale sensors that are susceptible to changes in a variety of physical quantities often exhibit limited selectivity. This paper reports a novel scheme based on microwave‐dressed spin states for optically probed nanoscale temperature detection using diamond quantum sensors, which provides selective sensitivity to temperature changes. By combining this scheme with a continuous pump–probe scheme using ensemble nitrogen‐vacancy centers in nanodiamonds, a sub‐microsecond temporal resolution with thermal sensitivity of 3.7 that is insensitive to variations in external magnetic fields on the order of 2 G is demonstrated. The presented results are favorable for the practical application of time‐resolved nanoscale quantum sensing, where temperature imaging is required under fluctuating magnetic fields.
Quality assessment of Succus Bambusae oral liquids based on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry fingerprints and chemometrics
Authors: Feng Huimin , Li Shunan , Hu Yunfei , Zeng Xiyao , Qiu Ping , Li Yuanxiang , Li Wenlong , Li Zheng 
Published: September 2021

RationaleSuccus Bambusae is consumed as a kind of herbal medicine and natural beverage in China. However, the current quality standards for Succus Bambusae are low and lack safety indicators, which makes it difficult to effectively guarantee its quality. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the identification and quality control technology for the product.MethodsWe have developed a set of qualitative and quantitative methods based on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for the analysis of volatile components in Succus Bambusae oral liquid (SBOL). Combining GC/MS fingerprint analysis and related chemometrics algorithms, with similarity evaluation, Hotelling T2 and distance to Model X (DModX) as criteria, the quality consistency of different batches was evaluated, and SBOL samples from different manufacturers were differentiated.ResultsTwenty‐nine volatile components were preliminarily identified from 40 batches of SBOL samples from six manufacturers, and six Q‐markers (Quality Markers) for the SBOLs were discussed and determined using GC/MS. The products from different manufacturers were distinguished using chemometrics.ConclusionsThe results showed that the quality of the SBOL samples from different batches and different manufacturers fluctuated greatly, which suggested that research into the raw materials and manufacturing techniques should be strengthened to improve the quality of SBOL and ensure its quality consistency.
An intrathoracic giant tumour and vanishing lung cyst after tumour resection
Authors: Nishimura Masashi , Ota Shinichiro , Yamanaka Sumitaka , Shinada Kanako , Shinkai Masaharu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA 65‐year‐old woman was brought to the emergency unit with an approximately 6‐month history of persistent fever and cough. Chest computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a 16‐cm heterogeneous mass with adjacent large cyst (approximately 4.0 cm). The patient underwent CT‐guided biopsy, and benign solitary fibrous tumour (SFT) was immunohistochemically diagnosed. As the symptoms were thought to be due to enlargement of the tumour, surgery was deemed necessary, and the tumour was successfully resected. Based on morphological and immunohistochemical examination of the resected specimen, the final diagnosis was dedifferentiated SFT (DSFT). Follow‐up CT verified disappearance of the pulmonary cyst. The cyst was speculated to be caused by a check valve mechanism, which may also suggest a rapid growth of the tumour. At the time of writing, 2 years post‐operatively, no tumour recurrence has been identified. This represents the first report of intrathoracic giant DSFT with a cystic lesion returning to normal lung parenchyma.
Reconciling the micro‐ and macro‐perspective in agricultural energy efficiency analysis for sustainable development
Authors: Dabkienė Vida , Baležentis Tomas , Štreimikienė Dalia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEfficient use of energy resources is the key element ensuring the development of the agricultural sector in a sustainable way. The reduction of energy use in Lithuania's agriculture is considered in strategic documents, and the energy efficiency is seen as crucial element of development for ensuring climate neutrality and eventually reaching climate‐smart agriculture. At the same time, the energy use is supported in terms of excise duty relief for fuel used in agricultural activities. Setting reasonable policy targets requires an integrated approach towards energy efficiency. The aim of the paper is to investigate the energy intensity and efficiency in Lithuanian farms across different farming types and to perform the energy intensity in the European Union (EU) context. Four energy intensity indicators were chosen, and based on these indicators, the energy performance score is constructed using the simple additive weighting method. The data envelopment analysis is applied to identify the policy targets for improving energy efficiency at different levels. Lithuanian farm accountancy data (FADN) of family farms and the standard results of the EU FADN were used in the research for the period of 2004–2019 and 2004–2018, respectively. The analysis revealed that the managerial efficiency levels are lower technological gaps in farms indicating on‐farm innovations being a major issue to improve energy efficiency. The results showed that energy costs can be reduced by some 49%, 48%, 37%, 30% and 20% in Lithuanian cereals, oilseeds and protein crops (COP), milk, field crops, cattle and orchards‐fruit farms, respectively.
Machine learning approaches to identify core and dispensable genes in pangenomes
Authors: Yocca Alan E. , Edger Patrick P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA gene in a given taxonomic group is either present in every individual (core) or absent in at least a single individual (dispensable). Previous pangenomic studies have identified certain functional differences between core and dispensable genes. However, identifying if a gene belongs to the core or dispensable portion of the genome requires the construction of a pangenome, which involves sequencing the genomes of many individuals. Here we aim to leverage the previously characterized core and dispensable gene content for two grass species [Brachypodium distachyon (L.) P. Beauv. and Oryza sativa L.] to construct a machine learning model capable of accurately classifying genes as core or dispensable using only a single annotated reference genome. Such a model may mitigate the need for pangenome construction, an expensive hurdle especially in orphan crops, which often lack the adequate genomic resources.
„Babysitter“-Nerventransfer vom R. thenaris zum R. profundus nervi ulnaris
Authors: Gstoettner Clemens , Salminger Stefan , Laengle Gregor , Gesslbauer Bernhard , Weninger Wolfgang J. , Hirtler Lena , Aszmann Oskar C. 
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung
Operationsziel
Ziel dieser Operation ist eine frühzeitige Innervation der intrinsischen Handmuskulatur durch Fasern des N. medianus, um einer irreversiblen Atrophie des Muskelgewebes vorzubeugen. Der Nerventransfer erfolgt mittels Babysitter-Interponat, welches jeweils End-zu-Seit an Spender- und Empfängernerv koaptiert wird. Der Eingriff wird kombiniert mit einer proximalen Rekonstruktion des N. ulnaris.

Indikationen
Hochgradige Läsionen des N. ulnaris ohne spontane Regeneration, insbesondere bei proximaler Läsionshöhe und/oder später Patientenvorstellung.

Kontraindikationen
Irreversible Denervation der intrinsischen Muskulatur; Schwäche oder Ausfall des R. thenaris.

Operationstechnik
Der Zugang erfolgt über dem beugeseitigen Handgelenk durch eine longitudinale Inzision. Der R. profundus des N. ulnaris sowie der R. thenaris des N. medianus werden nach Spalten des Retinaculum flexorum dargestellt. Es erfolgt eine Verbindung der beiden Nerven über ein autologes Interponat, welches jeweils in End-zu-Seit-Manier über ein epineurales Fenster an den Spender- (R. thenaris) und den Empfängernerv (R. profundus) koaptiert wird. Dies ermöglicht die zeitgerechte Regeneration einiger motorischer Medianusaxone in die intrinsische Muskulatur, um einer irreversiblen Degeneration vorzubeugen. Aufgrund der End-zu-Seit-Nervennaht wird der Schaden des Spendernervs auf ein Minimum reduziert. Durch die gleichzeitig durchgeführte Rekonstruktion des N. ulnaris auf Höhe der Läsion wird im späteren Verlauf auch eine autochthone Reinnervation der intrinsischen Muskulatur ermöglicht.

Weiterbehandlung
Postoperativ werden Laschen eingebracht und ein steriler Handverband angelegt. Erster Verbandswechsel und Zug der Laschen am ersten postoperativen Tag, Nahtentfernung in der Regel nach 2 Wochen. Bereits nach 1 Woche kann die ergotherapeutische Beübung zum Erhalt der Gelenkbeweglichkeit erfolgen. Nach den ersten Zeichen der motorischen und/oder sensiblen Reinnervation erfolgt eine zielgerichtete Physiotherapie zum Wiedererlernen der alltäglichen Handfunktion.

Ergebnisse
Diese Technik wurde bisher an 3 Patienten mit hochgradiger Läsion des N. ulnaris vorgestellt. Bei einer Follow-up-Zeit von 6 Jahren konnten alle Patienten Muskelkraft von ≥ M3 erlangen, mit allgemein gutem bis exzellentem Ergebnis anhand der modifizierten Bishop Rating Scale.
Clinical withdrawal symptom profile of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists and comparison of effects with high potency cannabis
Authors: Craft Sam , Ferris Jason A. , Barratt Monica J. , Maier Larissa J. , Lynskey Michael T. , Winstock Adam R. , Freeman Tom P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSynthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) may be used as an alternative to natural cannabis; however, they may carry a greater risk of problematic use and withdrawal. This study aimed to characterise the withdrawal symptom profile of SCRAs and compare their profile of effect with high-potency herbal cannabis. Global Drug Survey data (2015 and 2016) were used to access a clinically relevant sample of people reporting use of SCRAs >10 times in the past 12-months, a previous SCRA quit attempt, and lifetime use of high-potency herbal cannabis. Participants completed an 11-item SCRA withdrawal symptom checklist and compared SCRAs and high-potency herbal cannabis on their onset and duration of effects, speed of the development of tolerance, severity of withdrawal, and difficulty with dose titration. Participants (n = 284) reported experiencing a mean of 4.4 (95% CI: 4.1, 4.8) withdrawal symptoms after not using SCRAs for >1 day; most frequently reported were sleep issues (59.2%), irritability (55.6%), and low mood (54.2%). Withdrawal symptoms were significantly associated with frequency (>51 vs. 11–50 times per year: IRR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.16, 1.77, p = 0.005) and quantity (grams per session: IRR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.22, p = 0.001) of SCRA use. Compared to high-potency herbal cannabis, SCRAs were rated as having a faster onset and shorter duration of effects, faster development of tolerance, and more severe withdrawal (p’s < 0.001). In conclusion, SCRA withdrawal symptoms are more likely to occur after greater SCRA exposure. The effects of SCRA indicate a more severe withdrawal syndrome and a greater risk of problematic use than natural cannabis.
Prospective association between a Mediterranean-style dietary score in childhood and cardiometabolic risk in young adults from the ALSPAC birth cohort
Authors: Buckland Genevieve , Taylor Caroline M. , Emmett Pauline M. , Johnson Laura , Northstone Kate 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the prospective association between a children’s relative Mediterranean-style diet score (C-rMED) in childhood and a Cardiometabolic Risk (CMR) score in adolescence/young adulthood in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC).

Methods
A C-rMED was calculated at 7, 10 and 13 years from diet diary data. Anthropometric and biochemical data at 17 (N = 1940) and 24 years (N = 1961) were used to calculate CMR scores (sum of sex-specific log-transformed z-scores from triacylglycerol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, mean arterial blood pressure, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and fat mass index (FMI)). Adjusted logistic regression models examined associations between C-rMED (categorical and 2-unit increments) and a high CMR score (≥ 80th percentile) and individual CMR components (≥ 80th percentile).

Results
A high C-rMED at 13 was associated with a 32% (OR 0.68 (95% CI: 0.49, 0.94)) decreased adjusted odds of having a high CMR score at 24 years, compared to participants with a low C-rMED. No associations were evident at other ages. Tracking of the C-rMED across the three ages showed a stronger negative association between C-rMED and CMR at 24 years when children had at least two high C-rMED scores from 7 to 13 years (adjusted OR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.29, 0.85), compared to all low scores. FMI and HOMA-IR were the main CMR components contributing to this association.

Conclusion
Higher Mediterranean-style diet scores in early adolescence were associated with a better CMR profile in young adults (24 year olds). This underscores the importance of establishing healthy eating habits early in life for future cardiometabolic health.
Association of age with the timing of acute spine surgery–effects on neurological outcome after traumatic spinal cord injury
Authors: Kopp Marcel A. , Lübstorf Tom , Blex Christian , Schwab Jan M. , Grittner Ulrike , Auhuber Thomas , Ekkernkamp Axel , Niedeggen Andreas , Prillip Erik , Hoppe Magdalena , Ludwig Johanna , Kreutzträger Martin , Liebscher Thomas 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the association of age with delay in spine surgery and the effects on neurological outcome after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods
Ambispective cohort study (2011–2017) in n = 213 patients consecutively enrolled in a Level I trauma center with SCI care in a metropolitan region in Germany. Age-related differences in the injury to surgery interval and conditions associated with its delay (> 12 h after SCI) were explored using age categories or continuous variables and natural cubic splines. Effects of delayed surgery or age with outcome were analyzed using multiple logistic regression.

Results
The median age of the study population was 58.8 years (42.0–74.6 IQR). Older age (≥ 75y) was associated with a prolonged injury to surgery interval of 22.8 h (7.2–121.3) compared to 6.6 h (4.4–47.9) in younger patients (≤ 44y). Main reasons for delayed surgery in older individuals were secondary referrals and multimorbidity. Shorter time span to surgery (≤ 12 h) was associated with higher rates of ASIA impairment scale (AIS) conversion (OR 4.22, 95%CI 1.85–9.65), as mirrored by adjusted spline curves (< 20 h 20–25%, 20–60 h 10–20%, > 60 h < 10% probability of AIS conversion). In incomplete SCI, the probability of AIS conversion was lower in older patients [e.g., OR 0.09 (0.02–0.44) for’45-59y’ vs.’ ≤ 44y’], as confirmed by spline curves (< 40y 20–80%, ≥ 40y 5–20% probability).

Conclusion
Older patient age complexifies surgical SCI care and research. Tackling secondary referral to Level I trauma centers and delayed spine surgery imposes as tangible opportunity to improve the outcome of older SCI patients.
Automated generation of consistent models using qualitative abstractions and exploration strategies
Authors: Babikian Aren A. , Semeráth Oszkár , Li Anqi , Marussy Kristóf , Varró Dániel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAutomatically synthesizing consistent models is a key prerequisite for many testing scenarios in autonomous driving to ensure a designated coverage of critical corner cases. An inconsistent model is irrelevant as a test case (e.g., false positive); thus, each synthetic model needs to simultaneously satisfy various structural and attribute constraints, which includes complex geometric constraints for traffic scenarios. While different logic solvers or dedicated graph solvers have recently been developed, they fail to handle either structural or attribute constraints in a scalable way. In the current paper, we combine a structural graph solver that uses partial models with an SMT-solver and a quadratic solver to automatically derive models which simultaneously fulfill structural and numeric constraints, while key theoretical properties of model generation like completeness or diversity are still ensured. This necessitates a sophisticated bidirectional interaction between different solvers which carry out consistency checks, decision, unit propagation, concretization steps. Additionally, we introduce custom exploration strategies to speed up model generation. We evaluate the scalability and diversity of our approach, as well as the influence of customizations, in the context of four complex case studies.
Leiden Nutztiere unter ihren Haltungsbedingungen? – Zur Ermittlung von Leiden in Tierschutzstrafverfahren
Authors: Hahn Johanna , Kari Ariane 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungBei landwirtschaftlich genutzten Tieren werden strafrechtlich relevante Leiden infolge einschränkender
Haltungsbedingungen regelmäßig verkannt. Grund dafür ist insbesondere, dass erhebliche Leiden
gar nicht geprüft werden und dass wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse der Tierverhaltensforschung (Ethologie)
außer Acht gelassen werden. Der Beitrag zeigt auf, wie in Strafverfahren die Darlegung von Leiden
und deren Erheblichkeit mit der Unterstützung geeigneter Sachverständiger gelingt, sodass auch
Tierquälerei durch restriktive Haltungsbedingungen angemessen geahndet werden kann.