bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calculation and internal validation of a new synthetic and autocorrelate index to combine the determinants of health of a population
Authors: Tebala Domenico , Tebala Giovanni Domenico 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The status of health of an individual and - more broadly - of a community or population is defined by the status of their determinants of health. A “systemic” approach to define the health determinants is necessary in order to explore the complex relations existing among them. This study is aimed at identifying a ‘composite systemic’ index of health to measure the impact of socioeconomic factors on public health at local level and to analyze possible spatial autocorrelations between neighboring regions.

Results
A Composite Index of Health (CIH) was constructed on the basis of known indicators of socio-economic well-being by using the COMIC (COMposite Indices Creator) Software and was validated on the Italian population and a nationwide comparison has been performed.
Analysis of the determinants showed a significant direct correlation between health, environment, work and wealth and inverse correlation between health and social distress. The analysis of data from Italian provinces confirmed the South-North gradient of well-being.

Conclusion
The CIH is a reliable and robust index to evaluate the health of a local population. Although it was validated on Italian data, the index can be easily adapted to any Country.
Experimental Study on Spall Resistance of Steel-Fiber Reinforced Concrete Slab Subjected to Explosion
Authors: Yang Dapeng , Zhang Bei , Liu Guojun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSteel-fiber reinforced concrete slabs have good blast and spall resistance. In this study, compression and splitting tensile experiments were carried out to obtain the basic quasi-static mechanical properties of the steel-fiber concrete specimens and the influence of steel-fiber parameters was revealed. In-field explosion experiments were performed to study the dynamic responses and damage modes of the steel-fiber reinforced concrete slabs. Five typical spall damage modes were observed, the distribution law of the spalling fragments was obtained, and the influence of steel-fiber shape, length, length–diameter ratio and volume percentage on the spall performance were revealed. These results will provide a basis for the application of steel-fiber reinforced concrete slabs in protective structures.
Experimental Research on Bond Behaviour of Fabric Reinforced Cementitious Matrix Composites for Retrofitting Masonry Walls
Authors: Wang Fayu , Kyriakides Nicholas , Chrysostomou Christis , Eleftheriou Eleftherios , Votsis Renos , Illampas Rogiros 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFabric reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) composites, also known as textile reinforced mortars (TRM), an inorganic matrix constituting fibre fabrics and cement-based mortar, are becoming a widely used composite material in Europe for upgrading the seismic resistance of existing reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings. One way of providing seismic resistance upgrading is through the application of the proposed FRCM system on existing masonry infill walls to increase their stiffness and integrity. To examine the effectiveness of this application, the bond characteristics achieved between (a) the matrix and the masonry substrate and (b) the fabric and the matrix need to be determined. A series of experiments including 23 material performance tests, 15 direct tensile tests of dry fabric and composites, and 30 shear bond tests between the matrix and brick masonry, were carried out to investigate the fabric-to-matrix and matrix-to-substrate bond behaviour. In addition, different arrangements of extruded polystyrene (XPS) plates were applied to the FRCM to test the shear bond capacity of this insulation system when used on a large-scale wall.
An isogeometric b-rep mortar-based mapping method for non-matching grids in fluid-structure interaction
Authors: Apostolatos Andreas , Emiroğlu Altuğ , Shayegan Shahrokh , Péan Fabien , Bletzinger Kai-Uwe , Wüchner Roland 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this study the isogeometric B-Rep mortar-based mapping method for geometry models stemming directly fromComputer-Aided Design(CAD) is systematically augmented and applied to partitionedFluid-Structure Interaction(FSI) simulations. Thus, the newly proposed methodology is applied to geometries described by theirBoundary Representation(B-Rep) in terms of trimmed multipatchNon-Uniform Rational B-Spline(NURBS) discretizations as standard in modern CAD. The proposed isogeometric B-Rep mortar-based mapping method is herein extended for the transformation of fields between a B-Rep model and a low order discrete surface representation of the geometry which typically results when theFinite Volume Method(FVM) or theFinite Element Method(FEM) are employed. This enables the transformation of such fields as tractions and displacements along the FSI interface whenIsogeometric B-Rep Analysis(IBRA) is used for the structural discretization and the FVM is used for the fluid discretization. The latter allows for diverse discretization schemes between the structural and the fluidBoundary Value Problem(BVP), taking into consideration the special properties of each BVP separately while the constraints along the FSI interface are satisfied in an iterative manner within partitioned FSI. The proposed methodology can be exploited in FSI problems with an IBRA structural discretization or to FSI problems with a standard FEM structural discretization in the frame of theExact Coupling Layer(ECL) where the interface fields are smoothed using the underlying B-Rep parametrization, thus taking advantage of the smoothness that the NURBS basis functions offer. All new developments are systematically investigated and demonstrated by FSI problems with lightweight structures whereby the underlying geometric parametrizations are directly taken from real-world CAD models, thus extending IBRA into coupled problems of the FSI type.
Simultaneous implant placement with autogenous onlay bone grafts: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ma Guoqiang , Wu Chaoan , Shao Miaoting 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSeveral authors have suggested that implants can be placed simultaneously with onlay bone grafts without affecting outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to answer the following clinical questions: (1) What are the outcomes of implants placed simultaneously with autogenous onlay bone grafts? And (2) is there a difference in outcomes between simultaneous vs delayed placement of implants with autogenous onlay bone grafts? Databases of PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched up to 15 November 2020. Data on implant survival was extracted from all the included studies (single arm and comparative) to calculate point estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and pooled using the DerSimonian–Laird meta-analysis model. We also compared implant survival rates between the simultaneous and delayed placement of implants with data from comparative studies. Nineteen studies were included. Five of them compared simultaneous and delayed placement of implants. Dividing the studies based on follow-up duration, the pooled survival of implant placed simultaneously with onlay grafts after <2.5 years of follow-up was 93.1% (95% CI 82.6 to 97.4%) and after 2.5–5 years was 86% (95% CI 78.6 to 91.1%). Implant survival was found to be 85.8% (95% CI 79.6 to 90.3%) with iliac crest grafts and 95.7% (95% CI 83.9 to 93.0%) with intra-oral grafts. Our results indicated no statistically significant difference in implant survival between simultaneous and delayed placement (OR 0.43, 95% 0.07, 2.49, I2=59.04%). Data on implant success and bone loss were limited. Data indicates that implants placed simultaneously with autogenous onlay grafts have a survival rate of 93.1% and 86% after a follow-up of <2.5 years and 2.5–5years respectively. A limited number of studies indicate no significant difference in implant survival between the simultaneous and delayed placement of implants with onlay bone grafts. There is a need for randomized controlled trials comparing simultaneous and delayed implant placement to provide robust evidence.
Adolescents’ nutritional status and its association with academic performance in South Ethiopia; a facility-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Katiso Selamawit Woldeyohanes , Kerbo Amene Abebe , Dake Samson Kastro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Adolescence is a particularly vulnerable stages of life in which malnutrition inhibits academic performance through poor growth and development, mental retardation, poor overall cognitive function and poor health status. However, there is a dearth of evidence regarding the association between nutritional status and academic performance among adolescent students. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association of nutritional status and academic performance among adolescent secondary school students in Wolaita Sodo town, Southern Ethiopia.

Methods
A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 670 systematically selected adolescents in secondary schools of Wolaita Sodo town from April to June 2019. The academic performance of the adolescents was measured using the mean mark score of two consecutive semesters’ results of all subjects. Data were analyzed using Stata software Version 15. Descriptive statistics, binary and multiple linear regression analysis were done. Statistical association of dependent and independent variables was declared at p-value < 0.05.

Results
The mean academic performance of students was 69.21 ± 0.42 (95% CI: 68.34–70.02%). A mean mark score of students increased by 1.89 (β = 1.89; 95%CI: 1.14, 2.64) for a unit increase in BMI for age z-score. Being female decreased a mean mark score by 2.63 (β = − 2.63; 95%CI: − 4.28, − 0.98) and being from a separated parents decreased by 4.73 (β = − 4. 73; 95%CI: − 6.73, − 2.74). A mean mark score of students from the first wealth class decreased by 9.92 (− 9.92; 95%CI: − 12.79, − 7.04) as compared to students from the highest wealth class. Attending private schools increased the mean mark score of students by 4.18 (β = 4.18; 95% CI: 2.46, 5.90).

Conclusions
Interventions targeted at adolescents’ nutritional status should be designed and implemented. The town education office and concerned bodies should launch a school feeding program for public schools. Development and income generation activities should target households in the first wealth status. Schools are recommended to design additional teaching and learning schemes such as tutorial classes for girl students.
The Underrepresentation of Females in Studies Assessing the Impact of High-Dose Exercise on Cardiovascular Outcomes: a Scoping Review
Authors: Patel Roshan , Kemp Caitlin L. , Hafejee Muneebah , Peckham Nicholas , Jain Vageesh , McCann Gerry P. , Pallikadavath Susil 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHigh-dose exercise-induced cardiac outcomes may vary between sexes. However, many studies investigating the cardiovascular effects of high-dose exercise have excluded or under-recruited females. This scoping review aimed to describe the recruitment of females in studies assessing the impact of high-dose exercise on cardiovascular outcomes and describe how this has changed over time. This scoping review followed the protocol outlined by Arksey and O’Malley and is reported as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. The OVID and EMBASE databases were searched for studies that assessed the effects of high-dose exercise on cardiovascular outcomes. Both professional and nonprofessional groups were included. The review found 2973 studies, and 250 met the inclusion criteria including cumulatively 17,548,843 subjects. Over half the studies (n= 127) excluded females entirely, and only 8 (3.2%) studies recruited all-female participants. The overall mean percentage of females recruited was 18.2%. The mean percentage was 14.5% in studies conducted before 2011 and 21.8% in studies conducted after 2011. Females are an underrepresented group in studies assessing the cardiovascular outcomes related to high-dose exercise. As cardiovascular outcomes vary between sexes, translating findings from a largely male-based evidence may not be appropriate. Future investigators should aim to establish and overcome barriers to female recruitment.
Building impactful systems-focused simulations: integrating change and project management frameworks into the pre-work phase
Authors: Dubé Mirette , Posner Glenn , Stone Kimberly , White Marjorie , Kaba Alyshah , Bajaj Komal , Cheng Adam , Grant Vincent , Huang Simon , Reid Jennifer 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHealthcare organizations strive to deliver safe, high-quality, efficient care. These complex systems frequently harbor gaps, which if unmitigated, could result in harm. Systems-focused simulation (SFS) projects, which include systems-focused debriefing (SFD), if well designed and executed, can proactively and comprehensively identify gaps and test and improve systems, enabling institutions to improve safety and quality before patients and staff are placed at risk.The previously published systems-focused debriefing framework, Promoting Excellence and Reflective Learning in Simulation (PEARLS) for Systems Integration (PSI), describes a systematic approach to SFD. It includes an essential “pre-work” phase, encompassing evidence-informed steps that lead up to a SFD. Despite inclusion in the PSI framework, a detailed description of the pre-work phase, and how each component facilitates change management, was limited.The goal of this paper is to elucidate the PSI “Pre-work” phase, everything leading up to the systems-focused simulation and debriefing. It describes how the integration of project and change management principles ensures that a comprehensive collection of safety and quality issues are reliably identified and captured.
How role-taking in a group-work setting affects the relationship between the amount of collaboration and germane cognitive load
Authors: Costley Jamie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis research investigates how learning groups affect student learning from two perspectives: first, the amount of group work students do, and second, the role that they take within the group. It is not clear from the current research how a student’s role in collaborative learning affects his/her development of critical thinking and the construction of knowledge. The present study looks into whether the positive relationships found between collaboration and germane cognitive load are affected by a learner’s role within the group. Using cognitive load theory, this study analyzed survey responses from a group of university students (n = 1399) who engaged in collaborative study groups when taking online classes in South Korea. While it was found that the amount of collaboration a student engaged in positively affected levels of germane load and that their level of contribution negatively moderated that relationship. In other words, while more group work is beneficial, students who contribute less to the group have greater gains from higher levels of collaboration than students who take a more active role.
Decompressive laminectomy with instrumented posterolateral fusion for degenerative lumbar disease in elderly, is it safe and beneficial?
Authors: Arab Ahmed A. , Eltantawy Mohammed H. , El-Desouky Ashraf 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
With improvement of health care in last decades, the age of general population increased. As the elderly with degenerative lumbar disease needs to remain physically active for more years, lumbar decompression surgery with instrumented fusion is further considered and is gaining wide acceptance as it provides good results with relative minimal risk. This study aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of lumbar decompression with instrumented fusion in elderly

Results
This is a prospective non-randomized clinical study conducted from July 2014 to July 2019. The included patients had chronic low back pain, radiculopathy, and/or neurogenic claudication due to degenerative lumbar disease with failed conservative management. They underwent lumbar decompression with instrumented posterolateral fusion. All patients were at least 55 years old at time of surgery and were clinically assessed as regard perioperative risk and morbidity, besides assessment of pre- and postoperative visual analog score (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Data was collected and analyzed. Thirty-five patients were included in this study with mean age of 63 years. All patients presented with back pain, 77.1% with radiculopathy, and 60% with neurogenic claudication. Preoperative comorbidity was present in 60% of cases, where hypertension, diabetes, and cardiac troubles were 31.4%, 31.4%, and 14.3% respectively. The average operated level was 3.1. The complication rate was 11.4% with 2 cases with dural tear (5.7%), 2 cases with CSF leakage (5.7%), 1 case with wound seroma (2.8%), and 1 case with wound infection. Postoperative new comorbidity occurred in 5 cases (14.3%). Visual analog score (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were recorded preoperatively and 18 months postoperatively; as regards pain, VAS improved significantly from 7.8 ± 0.87 to 1.8 ± 1.04 (P value< 0.00001), and ODI improved significantly from 58.1 ± 11 to 17.5 ± 8.3 (P value< 0.00001).

Conclusion
Lumbar decompression surgery with posterolateral instrumented fusion is a safe and effective surgery in elderly, as it provides significant results and gives them a chance for better quality of life. Preoperative comorbidity could be dealt with, and it should not be considered as a contraindication for surgery in this age group.
Circadian Regulation of the Pancreatic Beta Cell
Authors: Seshadri Nivedita , Doucette Christine A 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBeta cell dysfunction is central to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). In T2D, environmental and genetic influences can manifest beta cell dysfunction in many ways, including impaired glucose-sensing and secretion coupling mechanisms, insufficient adaptative responses to stress, and aberrant beta cell loss through increased cell death and/or beta cell de-differentiation. In recent years, circadian disruption has emerged as an important environmental risk factor for T2D. In support of this, genetic disruption of the circadian timing system in rodents impairs insulin secretion and triggers diabetes development, lending important evidence that the circadian timing system is intimately connected to, and essential for the regulation of pancreatic beta cell function; however, the role of the circadian timing system in the regulation of beta cell biology is only beginning to be unraveled. Here, we review the recent literature that explores the importance of the pancreatic islet/beta cell circadian clock in the regulation of various aspects of beta cell biology, including transcriptional and functional control of daily cycles of insulin secretion capacity, regulation of postnatal beta cell maturation, and control of the adaptive responses of the beta cell to metabolic stress and acute injury.
Black Study @ GSU
Authors: Raengo Alessandra 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTasked with the mandate to “set the record straight” about the beginning of the liquid blackness research group and journal and to explicate the theoretical and conceptual parameters of the idea of black liquidity, this introduction negotiates the irreconcilable tension between keeping record and record keeping as a way to maintain the anaoriginarity of black study as an ensemblic and jurisgenerative practice. To do so, it draws inspiration from one of its objects of study, Larry Clark's 1977 cult film Passing Through, and specifically from the way the film's formal structure and historical existence as a withdrawing object mirror the elusiveness of the album that the musicians it depicts were never able to record. This introduction is divided into “tracks” to reproduce the same withdrawing effect, trigger a similar ensemblic gathering, and in the process, honor the object-oriented and immanent methodology developed by the liquid blackness project.
Hedgehog signaling and the primary cilium: implications for spatial and temporal constraints on signaling
Authors: Ho Emily K. , Stearns Tim 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The mechanisms of vertebrate Hedgehog signaling are linked to the biology of the primary cilium, an antenna-like organelle that projects from the surface of most vertebrate cell types. Although the advantages of restricting signal transduction to cilia are often noted, the constraints imposed are less frequently considered, and yet they are central to how Hedgehog signaling operates in developing tissues. In this Review, we synthesize current understanding of Hedgehog signal transduction, ligand secretion and transport, and cilia dynamics to explore the temporal and spatial constraints imposed by the primary cilium on Hedgehog signaling in vivo.
Ret signaling in ureteric bud epithelial cells controls cell movements, cell clustering and bud formation
Authors: Packard Adam , Klein William H. , Costantini Frank 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Ret signaling promotes branching morphogenesis during kidney development, but the underlying cellular mechanisms remain unclear. While Ret-expressing progenitor cells proliferate at the ureteric bud tips, some of these cells exit the tips to generate the elongating collecting ducts, and in the process turn off Ret. Genetic ablation of Ret in tip cells promotes their exit, suggesting that Ret is required for cell rearrangements that maintain the tip compartments. Here, we examine the behaviors of ureteric bud cells that are genetically forced to maintain Ret expression. These cells move to the nascent tips, and remain there during many cycles of branching; this tip-seeking behavior may require positional signals from the mesenchyme, as it occurs in whole kidneys but not in epithelial ureteric bud organoids. In organoids, cells forced to express Ret display a striking self-organizing behavior, attracting each other to form dense clusters within the epithelium, which then evaginate to form new buds. The ability of forced Ret expression to promote these events suggests that similar Ret-dependent cell behaviors play an important role in normal branching morphogenesis.
Imaging diagnosis of basal ganglia germ cell tumors: subtype features subtype imaging features of GCTs
Authors: Li Wei , Kong Xin , Ma Jun 
Published: April 2021

Objectives:
To evaluate the subtype imaging features of basal ganglia germ cell tumors (GCTs).

Methods:
Clinical and imaging data of 33 basal ganglia GCTs were retrospectively analyzed, including 17 germinomas and 16 mixed germ cell tumors (MGCTs).

Results:
The cyst/mass ratio of germinomas (0.53 ± 0.32) was higher than that of MGCTs (0.28 ± 0.19, p = 0.030). CT density of the solid part of germinomas (41.47 ± 5.22 Hu) was significantly higher than that of MGCTs (33.64 ± 3.75 Hu, p &lt; 0.001), while apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC, ×10-3 mm2/s) value of the solid part was significantly lower in geminomas (0.86 ± 0.27 ×10-3 mm2/s) than in MGCTs (1.42 ± 0.39 ×10-3 mm2/s, p &lt; 0.001). MGCTs were more common with intratumoral hemorrhage (68.75% vs 11.76%, p = 0.01), T1 hyperintense foci (68.75% vs 5.88%, p &lt; 0.001) and calcification (64.29% vs 20.00%, p = 0.025) than germinomas. There was no significant difference in internal capsule involvement between the two subtypes (p = 0.303), but Wallerian degeneration was more common in germinomas than in MGCTs (70.59% vs 25.00%, p = 0.015).

Conclusion:
The subtypes of GCT have different imaging features. Tumoral cystic-solidity, heterogeneity, ADC value, CT density, and Wallerian degeneration are helpful to differentiate germinomas and MGCTs in basal ganglia.

Advances in knowledge:
The subtypes of GCT have different histological characteristics, leading to various imaging findings. The imaging features of GCT subtypes in basal ganglia may aid clinical diagnosis and treatment.