bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tailoring Ultrahigh Energy Density and Stable Dendrite‐Free Flexible Anode with Ti3C2Tx MXene Nanosheets and Hydrated Ammonium Vanadate Nanobelts for Aqueous Rocking‐Chair Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Xue , Wang Yuanming , Jiang Yunpeng , Li Xiaolong , Liu Yang , Xiao Huanhao , Ma Yu , Huang You‐yuan , Yuan Guohui 
Published: June 2021

AbstractExploiting Zn metal‐free anode materials would be an effective strategy to resolve the problems of Zn metal dendrites that severely hinder the development of Zn ion batteries (ZIBs). However, the study of Zn metal‐free anode materials is still in their infancy, and more importantly, the low energy density severely limits their practical implementations. Herein, a novel (NH4)2V10O25 · 8H2O@Ti3C2Tx (NHVO@Ti3C2Tx) film anode is proposed and investigated for constructing “rocking‐chair” ZIBs. The NHVO@Ti3C2Tx electrode shows a capacity of 514.7 mAh g−1 and presents low potential which is 0.59 V (vs Zn2+/Zn) at 0.1 A g−1. The introduction of Ti3C2Tx not only affords an interconnected conductive network, but also stabilizes the NHVO nanobelts structure for a long cycle life (84.2% retention at 5.0 A g−1 over 6000 cycles). As a proof‐of‐concept, a zinc metal‐free full battery is successfully demonstrated, which delivers the highest capacity of 131.7 mAh g−1 (mass containing anodic and cathodic) and energy density of 97.1 Wh kg−1 compared to all reported aqueous “rocking‐chair” ZIBs. Furthermore, a long cycling span of 6000 cycles is obtained with capacity retention reaching up to 92.1%, which is impressive. This work is expected to provide new moment toward V‐based materials for “rocking‐chair” ZIBs.
Code Division Multiplexing Inspired Dynamic Metasurface Holography
Authors: Li Xin , Zhao Ruizhe , Wei Qunshuo , Geng Guangzhou , Li Junjie , Zhang Shuang , Huang Lingling , Wang Yongtian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMetasurface holography is attracting increasing attention owing to its numerous advantages over conventional holography techniques, such as precise control of phase profiles, compact sizes, and multiple information channels via a single optical element. Metasurfaces provide a flexible platform for incorporating various multiplexing techniques. Inspired by code division multiplexing (CDM), which is widely employed in networking and wireless digital communications, metasurface holography for generating dynamic holographic images controlled by both the patterned beam profiles and polarization states is designed and realized in this study. Specifically, two orthogonal polarization states and 16 code bases of light illumination are combined to generate 32 independent channels. Only the correct code reference can decode the target image for a specific channel, providing encryption for information transportation. Meanwhile, the demonstrated metasurface holography with CDM can realize active modulation via a digital micromirror device. The proposed metasurface can be utilized to achieve dynamic information display, data storage, optical encryption, and other applications in optics.
Bioinert, Stealth or Interactive: How Surface Chemistry of Nanocarriers Determines Their Fate In Vivo
Authors: Friedl Julian David , Nele Valeria , De Rosa Giuseppe , Bernkop‐Schnürch Andreas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNanocarriers (NCs) have emerged as powerful tools to improve drug solubility, to promote drug transport across membranes, to protect their payload from premature degradation, and to deliver drugs in a controlled and targeted manner. Their performance strongly depends on the surface chemistry, which governs their interaction with the biological environment. Bioinert and stealth surface features are advantageous to avoid unintended interactions with endogenous surfaces at off‐target sites and with the immune system, whereas at the target site these carriers should be highly interactive guaranteeing intracellular delivery of their payload. These key surface properties—bioinert and stealth versus interactive at the target site—are in contradiction to each other so that the best compromise between them has to be found. Alternatively, surface structures interacting preferentially with the membrane of target cells can be utilized. Stimuli‐responsive surfaces able to convert from bioinert and stealth to interactive at the target site have been recently introduced. A deepened understanding of how these different approaches influence the performance of NCs in the body is of particular importance in order to improve their efficacy. This review focuses on the surface chemistry of NCs providing the best compromise between bioinert and stealth versus interactive features.
Immunoregulation of Macrophages by Controlling Winding and Unwinding of Nanohelical Ligands
Authors: Bae Gunhyu , Jeon Yoo Sang , Ko Min Jun , Kim Yuri , Han Seong‐Beom , Thangam Ramar , Kim Wonsik , Jung Hee Joon , Lee Sungkyu , Choi Hyojun , Min Sunhong , Hong Hyunsik , Park Sangwoo , Kim Seong Yeol , Patel Kapil D. , Li Na , Shin Jeong Eun , Park Bum Chul , Park Hyeon Su , Moon Jun Hwan , Kim Yu Jin , Sukumar Uday Kumar , Song Jae‐Jun , Kim Soo Young , Yu Seung‐Ho , Kang Yun Chan , Park Steve , Han Seung Min , Kim Dong‐Hwee , Lee Ki‐Bum , Wei Qiang , Bian Liming , Paulmurugan Ramasamy , Kim Young Keun , Kang Heemin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDeveloping materials with the capability of changing their innate features can help to unravel direct interactions between cells and ligand‐displaying features. This study demonstrates the grafting of magnetic nanohelices displaying cell‐adhesive Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD) ligand partly to a material surface. These enable nanoscale control of rapid winding (“W”) and unwinding (“UW”) of their nongrafted portion, such as directional changes in nanohelix unwinding (lower, middle, and upper directions) by changing the position of a permanent magnet while keeping the ligand‐conjugated nanohelix surface area constant. The unwinding (“UW”) setting cytocompatibility facilitates direct integrin recruitment onto the ligand‐conjugated nanohelix to mediate the development of paxillin adhesion assemblies of macrophages that stimulate M2 polarization using glass and silicon substrates for in vitro and in vivo settings, respectively, at a single cell level. Real time and in vivo imaging are demonstrated that nanohelices exhibit reversible unwinding, winding, and unwinding settings, which modulate time‐resolved adhesion and polarization of macrophages. It is envisaged that this remote, reversible, and cytocompatible control can help to elucidate molecular‐level cell–material interactions that modulate regenerative/anti‐inflammatory immune responses to implants.
Photochemically Switchable Interconnected Microcavities for All‐Organic Optical Logic Gate
Authors: Hendra  , Takeuchi Akihide , Yamagishi Hiroshi , Oki Osamu , Morimoto Masakazu , Irie Masahiro , Yamamoto Yohei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOptical microcavities confine molecular luminescence and transfer it to a far longer distance than the conventional Förster resonant energy transfer process. Such cavity‐mediated energy transfer is advantageous for use in optical circuitry. However, to realize all‐organic optical circuits, optical gate operation with organic materials is indispensable. Here, all‐organic optical gates consisting of polymer whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators that work as the optical source, drain, and gate, which are interconnected with polymer microfiber, are demonstrated. Photoirradiation of the source sphere, as an optical input, triggers the blue fluorescence that transmits to the gate sphere through the fiber. The fiber interconnection enhances both the light confinement efficiency in the individual spheres and the light transmission efficiency between distant spheres. The gate sphere contains photoisomerizable fluorescent dye that converts, in its closed state, the blue emission into green light, which is again transmitted to the drain sphere through the fiber and lets the sphere emit red light as an output. This optical cascade is switched on and off upon photoisomerization of the dye in the gate sphere. Furthermore, an energy cascade equipped with two gate spheres works as an OR‐type logic gate, demonstrating potential utility for the future all‐organic and all‐optical integrated devices.
Morphology Inversion of a Non‐Fullerene Acceptor Via Adhesion Controlled Decal‐Coating for Efficient Conversion and Detection in Organic Electronics
Authors: Kim Min Soo , Jang Woongsik , Nguyen Thuc‐Quyen , Wang Dong Hwan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, a promising film formation technique is highlighted, named mold‐assisted decal‐coating, as a thin film transfer printing process using the polyurethane acrylate‐based stamping mold. By optimizing the surface energy of the mold with wetting coefficient theory, the mold‐assisted decal‐coating process is successfully demonstrated by transferring the photoactive layer composed of the polymer donor, poly[4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[1,2‐b;4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl‐alt‐(4‐(2‐ethylhexyl)‐3‐fluorothieno[3,4‐b]thiophene‐)‐2‐carboxylate‐2‐6‐diyl)] and a narrow bandgap non‐fullerene acceptor (NFA), 2,2′‐[[4,4,9,9‐tetrakis(4‐hexylphenyl)‐4,9‐dihydro‐s‐indaceno[1,2‐b:5,6‐b′]dithiophene‐2,7‐diyl]bis[[4‐[(2‐ethylhexyl)oxy]‐5,2‐thiophenediyl]methylidyne(5,6‐difluoro‐3‐oxo‐1H‐indene‐2,1(3H)‐diylidene)]]bis[propanedinitrile]. This process induces a well‐ordered morphology of photoactive material, prevents damage to the underlying layer by suppressing the solvent penetration. Both photovoltaic cells and photodetectors prepared by the decal‐coated photoactive layers containing fluorinated NFAs showed higher performance (power conversion efficiency = 10.69% and specific detectivity = 1.27 × 1012 A cm Hz1/2 W−1, respectively) than those of cells prepared by the spin‐coating method owing to morphology inversion and smoother interface that led to suppressed internal resistance and enhanced charge flow in normal structure. Thus, the reproducible decal‐coating process using a customized elastomeric mediator is an important thin film coating technique for efficient next‐generation organic optoelectronic materials.
Grain Boundary Perfection Enabled by Pyridinic Nitrogen Doped Graphdiyne in Hybrid Perovskite
Authors: Fan Wenqiang , Zhang Suicai , Xu Chenzhe , Si Haonan , Xiong Zhaozhao , Zhao Yunqi , Ma Kaikai , Zhang Zheng , Liao Qingliang , Kang Zhuo , Zhang Yue 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe solution processing in hybrid perovskite films inevitably results in the formation of detrimental defects at grain boundaries (GBs) that deteriorate the optoelectronic properties and bring about severe hysteresis as well as operational instability. Here, an effective scenario to alleviate the imperfection issue at perovskite GBs via incorporating pyridinic nitrogen‐doped graphdiyne (N‐GDY) is proposed. Taking full advantage of periodic acetylenic linkages and introduced pyridinic N atoms, the deep‐level trap states like Pb–I antisite defects and under‐coordinated Pb atoms are considerably passivated, thus diminishing the undesired non‐radiative recombination. Additionally, the spatial confinement coupling with electrostatic repulsion effect originated from the intrinsic 2D structure of N‐GDY, has been identified to deal with the halide ion migration behavior. Such contributions are further theoretically evidenced with the charge density delocalization as well as the ion migration energy barrier elevation. The authors unprecedentedly verified the superiorities based on the flexible chemical‐tailorability of atomic crystal GDY materials toward polycrystalline perovskite related energy conversion devices.
Tuning Superfast Curing Thiol‐Norbornene‐Functionalized Gelatin Hydrogels for 3D Bioprinting
Authors: Göckler Tobias , Haase Sonja , Kempter Xenia , Pfister Rebecca , Maciel Bruna R. , Grimm Alisa , Molitor Tamara , Willenbacher Norbert , Schepers Ute 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPhotocurable gelatin‐based hydrogels have established themselves as powerful bioinks in tissue engineering due to their excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, light responsiveness, thermosensitivity and bioprinting properties. While gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) has been the gold standard for many years, thiol‐ene hydrogel systems based on norbornene‐functionalized gelatin (GelNB) and a thiolated crosslinker have recently gained increasing importance. In this paper, a highly reproducible water‐based synthesis of GelNB is presented, avoiding the use of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as organic solvent and covering a broad range of degrees of functionalization (DoF: 20% to 97%). Mixing with thiolated gelatin (GelS) results in the superfast curing photoclick hydrogel GelNB/GelS. Its superior properties over GelMA, such as substantially reduced amounts of photoinitiator (0.03% (w/v)), superfast curing (1–2 s), higher network homogeneity, post‐polymerization functionalization ability, minimal cross‐reactivity with cellular components, and improved biocompatibility of hydrogel precursors and degradation products lead to increased survival of primary cells in 3D bioprinting. Post‐printing viability analysis revealed excellent survival rates of > 84% for GelNB/GelS bioinks of varying crosslinking density, while cell survival for GelMA bioinks is strongly dependent on the DoF. Hence, the semisynthetic and easily accessible GelNB/GelS hydrogel is a highly promising bioink for future medical applications and other light‐based biofabrication techniques.
Modulation of Spin–Orbit Torque from SrRuO3 by Epitaxial‐Strain‐Induced Octahedral Rotation
Authors: Zhou Jing , Shu Xinyu , Lin Weinan , Shao Ding Fu , Chen Shaohai , Liu Liang , Yang Ping , Tsymbal Evgeny Y. , Chen Jingsheng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSpin–orbit torque (SOT), which arises from the spin–orbit coupling of conduction electrons, is believed to be the key route for developing low‐power, high‐speed, and nonvolatile memory devices. Despite the theoretical prediction of pronounced Berry phase curvatures in certain transition‐metal perovskite oxides, which lead to considerable intrinsic spin Hall conductivity, SOT from this class of materials has rarely been reported until recently. Here, the SOT generated by epitaxial SrRuO3 of three different crystal structures is systematically studied. The results of both spin‐torque ferromagnetic resonance and in‐plane harmonic Hall voltage measurements concurrently reveal that the intrinsic SOT efficiency of SrRuO3 decreases when the epitaxial strain changes from tensile to compressive. The X‐ray diffraction data demonstrate a strong correlation between the magnitude of SOT and octahedral rotation around the in‐plane axes of SrRuO3, consistent with the theoretical prediction. This work offers new possibilities of tuning SOT with crystal structures and novel opportunities of integrating the unique properties of perovskite oxides with spintronic functionalities.
Engineering Fe–N Coordination Structures for Fast Redox Conversion in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Ma Cheng , Zhang Youquan , Feng Yiming , Wang Ning , Zhou Liangjun , Liang Chaoping , Chen Libao , Lai Yanqing , Ji Xiaobo , Yan Chenglin , Wei Weifeng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCritical drawbacks, including sluggish redox kinetics and undesirable shuttling of polysulfides (Li2Sn, n = 4–8), seriously deteriorate the electrochemical performance of high‐energy‐density lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. Herein, these challenges are addressed by constructing an integrated catalyst with dual active sites, where single‐atom (SA)‐Fe and polar Fe2N are co‐embedded in nitrogen‐doped graphene (SA‐Fe/Fe2N@NG). The SA‐Fe, with plane‐symmetric Fe‐4N coordination, and Fe2N, with triangular pyramidal Fe‐3N coordination, in this well‐designed configuration exhibit synergistic adsorption of polysulfides and catalytic selectivity for Li2Sn lithiation and Li2S delithiation, respectively. These characteristics endow the SA‐Fe/Fe2N@NG‐modified separator with an optimal polysulfides confinement–catalysis ability, thus accelerating the bidirectional liquid–solid conversion (Li2Sn↔Li2S) and suppressing the shuttle effect. Consequently, a Li–S battery based on the SA‐Fe/Fe2N@NG separator achieves a high capacity retention of 84.1% over 500 cycles at 1 C (pure S cathode, S content: 70 wt%) and a high areal capacity of 5.02 mAh cm−2 at 0.1 C (SA‐Fe/Fe2N@NG‐supported S cathode, S loading = 5 mg cm−2). It is expected that the outcomes of the present study will facilitate the design of high‐efficiency catalysts for long‐lasting Li–S batteries.
Ce Doping Boosts the Thermo‐ and Photocatalytic Oxidation of CO at Low Temperature in TiZrO4 Solid Solutions
Authors: Tang Panjuan , Livraghi Stefano , Giamello Elio , Garroni Sebastiano , Malfatti Luca , Agnoli Stefano 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPalladium nanoparticles supported on zirconium titanate with cerium doping up to 10% molar (Ce‐ZT) are prepared by a facile impregnation method and characterized by several techniques. Due to electronic effects, the amount of Ce cations in a reduced oxidation state, i.e., Ce(III), is surprisingly high, more than 50% of the total cerium amount. The Pd decorated Ce‐ZT nanoparticles exhibit excellent catalytic activity in the low temperature oxidation of CO. The amount of Pd and Ce concentration results to be the key parameters controlling the catalytic performance. The best activity is observed in the sample with the highest Ce doping (10% molar) and a nominal Pd loading of 2% w/w, which exhibits an outstanding turnover frequency of 0.1 s−1 at 45 °C. Moreover, the CO conversion remains unchanged at 100% for 24 h at 50 °C, or for several successive light‐off experiments up to 120 °C, demonstrating excellent long‐term stability. Light irradiation is shown to further improve the catalytic performance allowing to reach the same catalytic activity of dark conditions at a temperature that is 20–40 °C lower. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy experiments indicate that Pd nanoparticles and Ce(III) ions can trap electrons favoring charge separation and formation of superoxide species, therefore enabling photocatalysis.
Programmable 4D Printing of Bioinspired Solvent‐Driven Morphing Composites
Authors: Ren Luquan , Li Zhuoshi , Liu Qingping , Ren Lei , Wu Qian , Li Bingqian , Li Guiwei , Song Zhengyi , Zhou Xueli 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this article, we propose a bioinspired programmed 4D printing method. A combination of magnetic orientation process and grayscale 3D printing is used to achieve site‐specific orientation of the reinforcing fibers and gradient crosslinking of the matrix resin in the thickness direction within 2D composite films. After solventization and desolventization, 2D thin film structures can be transformed into complex 3D architectures, and the transformed 3D architectures can be permanently preserved without stimulation sources. Thus, the method can also be considered as an efficient 3D printing process. Then, the influences of crosslinking density, sample geometry, formulation, and fiber architecture on the deformation of the printed objects are investigated. Finally, as a proof of concept, various samples, including a hand, snowflake, and leaf, are printed to verify the feasibility of the proposed 4D printing strategy. This programmed 4D printing method provides a simple and effective reversible strategy, taking the full advantages of 4D printing and expanding the design space of 4D printing.
Switchable Electrically Driven Optical Antenna Based on Ultrathin Amorphous Silica
Authors: Tang Jibo , Hu Huatian , He Xiaobo , Xu Yuhao , Zhang Yuan , Guan Zhiqiang , Zhang Shunping , Xu Hongxing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractElectrically driven optical antenna (EDOA) attracts considerable interest thanks to its capability of converting electronic signal to light within an ultrafast timescale and on a highly compact dimension. However, active control of EDOA, such as its emission wavelength, is still challenging because of the lack of an efficient way to reversibly change the size, gap, or dielectric environment of a nanoscale device. Here, an emission wavelength switchable EDOA is developed by applying a bias on Au@SiO2 core–shell nanoparticle bridged on two gold electrodes. The tuning of the light emission is based on the formation and elimination of conductive filaments within the ultrathin amorphous silica shell, which allows a reversible switching of the conductivity in the junction. This leads to the modifications of both the inelastic electron tunneling and the plasmonic response of the EDOA, resulting in an emission wavelength shift as large as 115 nm. The results offer new opportunities for developing switchable EDOA toward integrated optoelectronic circuits, nanoscale sensing, and high‐resolution display.
Shape‐Dependent Kinetics of Halide Vacancy Filling in Organolead Halide Perovskites
Authors: Okamoto Takuya , Shahjahan Md. , Biju Vasudevanpillai 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHalide perovskites show high photoluminescence quantum yields and tunable bandgap. While perovskites’ optical properties significantly degrade due to the ionic and electronic defects, a correlation among their structure, size, defects, and degradation rate remains concealed. The authors report the crystal shape‐ and halide vacancy‐dependent stability of methylammonium lead bromide single crystals. The vacancies are filled in the cubic‐, plate‐, and rod‐shaped crystals by the halide‐soaking and light‐soaking processes. The differences in the stability, photoluminescence intensity, lifetime, and vacancy filling rates in these geometrical shapes derive from their specific surface‐to‐volume ratios. The shape‐dependent vacancy filling helps to correlate the electron microscope images, elemental compositions, and the photoluminescence intensity and lifetime.
A Light‐Emitting Liquid Crystal Display Device without Polarizers and Alignment Layers
Authors: Zhao Dongyu , Bi Weihua , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLight‐emitting displays become the future direction of display technology for the radical requirement of reducing energy consumption. Here, an approach of fabricating a luminescent liquid crystal (LE‐LC) display device without polarizers and alignment layers is reported, achieved by using an aggregation‐induced emission (AIE)‐active LE‐LC mixture. Through studying the relationship between emission of the LE‐LC at several orientation modes and the concentration of the AIE‐featured fluorescent dye, the difference of fluorescence at aggregation state is revealed. When the concentration of the fluorescent dye is high enough, the emission of the planar‐aligned LE‐LCs is ≈4 times of the vertical‐aligned LE‐LCs. An electronically controlled LE‐LC cell is thus constructed, in which the homeotropic alignment of liquid crystals is induced by doping of CuInS2 nanoparticles. Therefore, this simple LE‐LC display avoids the use of polarizers and alignment layers, raising the exciting possibility of development of high efficiency and low energy‐consumption LE‐LC devices.