bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between fetal vascular malperfusion and gestational diabetes
Authors: Goto Tomoko , Sato Yuichiro , Kodama Yuki , Tomimori Kayo , Sameshima Hiroshi , Aman Murasaki , Maekawa Kazunari , Yamashita Atsushi , Asada Yujiro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a major complication in pregnancy. Placental lesions with DM remain unclear and controversial. Recently, the terms of placental pathological findings, such as maternal and fetal vascular malperfusions (MVM and FVM, respectively) were introduced by the Amsterdam Placental Workshop Group Consensus Statement (APWGCS). FVM cases were classified as the partial obstruction type (global FVM) and the complete obstruction type (segmental FVM). The aim of this study was to clarify the pathological characteristics of the placenta with pregestational DM/gestational DM; GDM according to APWGCS.MethodsWe studied the placentas of 182 DM women (27 pregestational DM and 155 GDM) and control placentas of 460 women without DM during 2011–2018. We excluded cases of intrauterine fetal death or multiple pregnancies. We reviewed microscopical findings including, MVM, FVM, chorioamnionitis with the slides according to the APWGCS.ResultsMicroscopically, the incidence of FVM was significantly higher in GDM patients than control (17% vs. 10%, p = 0.0138), but not significant in pregestational DM (11%, p = 0.7410). Segmental FVM (complete obstruction) was significantly more observed in GDM than control group (5% vs. 0.4%, p = 0.0013). Segmental FVM in GDM showed high incidence of light‐for‐dates infant (three of seven cases, 43%, p = 0.0288). In addition, several segmental FVM findings (villous stromal‐vascular karyorrhexis and stem vessel occlusion) were frequently noted in 2 or 3 points positive of 75 g oral glucose tolerance test than 1 point positive GDM.ConclusionOur placental findings suggest disorder of carbohydrate metabolism might affect the fetal vascular damage, especially complete fetal vascular obstruction.
Protective effect of small peptides from Periplaneta americana on cyclophosphamide‐induced premature ovarian failure
Authors: Wang Qin , Si Huaxin , Fu Rong , Kong Caihua , Liu Kena , Sui Shiyan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate the protective effect of small peptides from Periplaneta americana (SPPA) on cyclophosphamide (CP)‐induced premature ovarian failure (POF) in mice. Silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) /tumor‐associated protein 53 (p53) signaling pathway plays an important role in delaying POF. Hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen (CD34) reflects ovarian aging from the side. However, whether SPPA inhibits POF in mice by influencing the SIRT1/p53 pathway and CD34 expression remains to be studied.MethodsForty female Kun Ming (KM) mice were divided into four groups: a control group (normal saline, n = 10), POF model group (160 mg/kg CP, n = 10), SPPA low‐dosage group (160 mg/kg CP + 100 mg/kg SPPA, n = 10), and SPPA high‐dosage group (160 mg/kg CP + 200 mg/kg SPPA, n = 10). CP administration route is intraperitoneal injection, and SPPA administration route is intragastric. Eyeball enucleation blood samples and the ovaries of mice were collected by midline laparatomy and oopherectomy, and the malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), and anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations were tested. Immunohistochemical tests for the expressions of SIRT1, p53, and CD34 were carried out. Finally, ovarian mRNA levels of SIRT1 and p53 were detected with real‐time fluorescence quantification PCR (qRT‐PCR).ResultsA mouse model of POF was generated using 160 mg/kg of CP. Compared with POF group, we found that plasma NO, MDA, and FSH decreased, while AMH and SOD increased in the SPPA low‐dose group. Compared with the POF group, the SPPA low‐ and high‐dosage groups achieved significant growth in the number of primordial, primary, and total number of healthy follicles at all levels, but sharp reductions in the number of atretic follicles. In addition, we found downregulated protein and mRNA expression of SIRT1, and upregulated that of p53 were observed in ovarian tissues of treated mice with POF, in immunohistochemistry experiments and qPCR experiments. In contrast, high protein and mRNA expression of SIRT1, and low that of p53 were observed in SPPA treatment groups. And the results of CD34 protein expression were consistent with that of SIRT1.ConclusionIn total, SPPA significantly inhibited POF caused by CP in mice via activation of the SIRT1/p53 signaling pathway in the mouse ovary.
Incidences of complications associated with cervical cerclage by indication of the procedure
Authors: Kuruma Airi , Hayashi Shusaku , Koh Iiji , Yamamoto Ryo , Mitsuda Nobuaki , Ishii Keisuke 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate the incidence of complications associated with cervical cerclage by indication.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of women with singleton pregnancies who underwent cervical cerclage in a single perinatal center between 2008 and 2019. The participants were divided into three groups according to indication: history‐indicated cerclage (HIC) group, ultrasound‐indicated cerclage (UIC) group, and physical examination‐indicated cerclage (PEIC) group. The incidences of perioperative complications within 2 weeks after the procedure, including intraoperative rupture of membranes, intraoperative bleeding, anesthesia complications, clinical chorioamnionitis, premature rupture of membranes (PROM), preterm delivery, and displacement of the suture, and those of peripartum complications, including difficult suture removal and cervical laceration, for each group were compared using Fisher's exact test or Pearson's chi‐square test. Factors associated with severe adverse event, defined as PROM or delivery within 2 weeks after the procedure, were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 279 women (HIC, 38; UIC, 96; PEIC, 145) were enrolled. The incidence of perioperative complications was different among the three groups (7.9%, 10.4%, and 27.6%, respectively; p < 0.01), whereas that of peripartum complications was similar (18.4%, 11.5%, and 12.4%, respectively; p = 0.54). Severe adverse events occurred only in PEIC group, with an incidence of 18.6%. The associated factor for severe adverse events in PEIC group was prolapsed membranes into the vagina.ConclusionsIncidences of perioperative complications of cerclage differed among the indications. Women who underwent PEIC had higher risk of severe adverse events, especially when accompanied with prolapsed membranes into the vagina.
Long‐term cumulative light exposure from the natural environment and sleep: A cohort study
Authors: Elovainio Marko , Komulainen Kaisla , Lipsanen Jari , Partonen Timo , Pesonen Anu‐Katriina , Pulkki‐Råback Laura , Paunio Tiina , Kähönen Mikä , Vahtera Jussi , Virtanen Marianna , Ruuhela Reija , Hakulinen Christian , Raitakari Olli 
Published: November 2021

SummaryWe analysed (A) the association of short‐term as well as long‐term cumulative exposure to natural light, and (B) the association of detailed temporal patterns of natural light exposure history with three indicators of sleep: sleep duration, sleep problems, and diurnal preference. Data (N = 1,962; 55% women; mean age 41.4 years) were from the prospective Young Finns Study, which we linked to daily meteorological data on each participant’s neighbourhood natural light exposure using residential postal codes. Sleep outcomes were self‐reported in 2011. We first examined associations of the sleep outcomes with cumulative light exposure of 5‐year, 2‐year, 1‐year, and 2‐month periods prior to the sleep assessment using linear and Poisson regression models adjusting for potential confounders. We then used a data‐driven time series approach to detect clusters of participants with different light exposure histories and assessed the associations of these clusters with the sleep outcomes using linear and Poisson regression analyses. A greater cumulative light exposure over ≥1 year was associated with a shorter sleep duration (β = −0.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.15 to −0.04), more sleep problems (incident rate ratio [IRR] 1.04, 95% CI 1.0–1.07) and diurnal preference towards eveningness (β = −0.09, 95% CI −0.14 to −0.03). The data‐driven exposure pattern of “slowly increasing” light exposure was associated with fewer overall sleep problems (IRR 0.93, 95% CI 0.88–0.98) compared to a “recently declining” light exposure group representing the “average‐exposure” group. These findings suggest that living in an area with relatively more intense light exposure for a longer period of time influences sleep.
Concurrent evolution of resistance and tolerance to potato virus Y in Capsicum annuum revealed by genome‐wide association
Authors: Tamisier Lucie , Szadkowski Marion , Girardot Grégory , Djian‐Caporalino Caroline , Palloix Alain , Hirsch Judith , Moury Benoit 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe performed a genome‐wide association study of pepper (Capsicum annuum) tolerance to potato virus Y (PVY). For 254 pepper accessions, we estimated the tolerance to PVY as the coefficient of regression of the fresh weight (or height) of PVY‐infected and mock‐inoculated plants against within‐plant virus load. Small (strongly negative) coefficients of regression indicate low tolerance because plant biomass or growth decreases sharply as virus load increases. The tolerance level varied largely, with some pepper accessions showing no symptoms or fairly mild mosaics, whereas about half (48%) of the accessions showed necrotic symptoms. We found two adjacent single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at one extremity of chromosome 9 that were significantly associated with tolerance to PVY. Similarly, in three biparental pepper progenies, we showed that the induction of necrosis on PVY systemic infection segregated as a monogenic trait determined by a locus on chromosome 9. Our results also demonstrate the existence of a negative correlation between resistance and tolerance among the cultivated pepper accessions at both the phenotypic and genetic levels. By comparing the distributions of the tolerance‐associated SNP alleles and previously identified PVY resistance‐associated SNP alleles, we showed that cultivated pepper accessions possess favourable alleles for both resistance and tolerance less frequently than expected under random associations, while the minority of wild pepper accessions frequently combined resistance and tolerance alleles. This divergent evolution of PVY resistance and tolerance could be related to pepper domestication or farmer's selection.
SlJMJ7 orchestrates tomato fruit ripening via crosstalk between H3K4me3 and DML2‐mediated DNA demethylation
Authors: Ding Xiaochun , Liu Xuncheng , Jiang Guoxiang , Li Zhiwei , Song Yunbo , Zhang Dandan , Jiang Yueming , Duan Xuewu 
Published: November 2021

Summary

The ripening of fleshy fruits is a unique developmental process that Arabidopsis and rice lack. This process is driven by hormones and transcription factors. However, the critical and early regulators of fruit ripening are still poorly understood.

Here, we revealed that SlJMJ7, an H3K4 demethylase, is a critical negative regulator of fruit ripening in tomato.

Combined genome‐wide transcription, binding sites, histone H3K4me3 and DNA methylation analyses demonstrated that SlJMJ7 regulates a key group of ripening‐related genes, including ethylene biosynthesis (ACS2, ACS4 and ACO6), transcriptional regulation (RIN and NOR) and DNA demethylation (DML2) genes, by H3K4me3 demethylation. Moreover, loss of SlJMJ7 function leads to increased H3K4me3 levels, which directly activates ripening‐related genes, and to global DML2‐mediated DNA hypomethylation in fruit, which indirectly prompts expression of ripening‐related genes. Together, these effects lead to accelerated fruit ripening in sljmj7 mutant.

Our findings demonstrate that SlJMJ7 acts as a master negative regulator of fruit ripening not only through direct removal of H3K4me3 from multiple key ripening‐related factors, but also through crosstalk between histone and DNA demethylation. These findings reveal a novel crosstalk between histone methylation and DNA methylation to regulate gene expression in plant developmental processes.
Assembling bodies‐without‐organs: A poststructuralist analysis of group sex between men
Authors: Holmes Dave , Hammond Chad , Orser Lauren , Nguyen Huy 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGroup sex among men who have sex with men may be understood as a ‘radical’ practice insofar as it transgresses dominant social discourses around appropriate sexual relations—prioritizing heteronormative, monogamous and risk‐averse sex. These practices are generally defined as steeped in risk, most commonly due to the potential for transmitting human immunodeficiency virus and sexually transmitted infections and accompanied by the possibility of legal and social repercussions. Our ethnographic research study explored the desires, practices and contexts of group sex participants (n = 10) within a popular group sex party destination located in the United States. We employ a poststructuralist perspective (utilizing the work of Deleuze and Guattari) to understand group sex events with the pretext that bodies have no inherent ethics, meaning or essence: they are ‘bodies without organs’. We identify group sex as a form of boundary play, in which participants pursue new limits to what their bodies can do but within a carefully constructed environment that establishes norms of interaction meant to secure trust and safety between participants. A variety of risk reduction practices are shown to be promoted and honoured within these eventful sexual(ized) spaces. The application of poststructuralist concepts of ‘boundary play’ and ‘bodies without organs’ helped to depict the construction and navigation of pleasure, safety and risk among group sex participants.
Does the tiger have teeth? A critical examination of the toolbox approach of environmental law enforcement in China
Authors: Lu Mengxing , Faure Michael 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFor a long period, China's environmental law has been dubbed a ‘paper tiger’ due to the truism that China's environmental legislation is plentiful but not properly enforced. During the past few years, there have been impressive strides made by Chinese policymakers to address the non‐compliance and weak enforcement of China's environmental law. As a result, China has bolstered a toolbox approach of environmental law enforcement, which provides law enforcers with a variety of instruments to induce compliance. This article provides a comprehensive and dynamic analysis of the available mix of (public) enforcement instruments and their relative importance under the current enforcement regime of China's environmental law by taking the recent legal and policy developments into account. More particularly, we assess the de facto application of the smart mix of administrative and criminal enforcement tools in China, by conducting a law and economic analysis on the public enforcement data of China's environmental law between 2012 and 2020.
Pólya-Gamma Data Augmentation and Latent Variable Models for Multivariate Binomial Data
Authors: Holmes John B. , Schofield Matthew R. , Barker Richard J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNew Zealand police has long been suspected of systematic bias against the indigenous Māori. One resource available to investigate this possibility is the annual counts of police apprehensions and prosecutions, by offence type. However, model specification/fitting is complicated as these data are constrained counts, interdependent and multivariate. For example, there are limited options for factor models beyond continuous or binary data. This is a serious limitation for in our dataset, while measurements are clustered, different individuals are measured at each variable. Focusing on principal component/factor analysis representations, we show that under the canonical logit link, latent variable models can be fitted via Gibbs sampling, to multivariate binomial data of arbitrary trial size by applying Pólya-gamma augmentation to the binomial likelihood. We demonstrate that this modelling approach, by incorporating shrinkage, will produce a fit with lower mean square error than techniques based on deviance minimization commonly employed for binary datasets. By exploring theoretical properties of the proposed models, we demonstrate a larger range of latent structures can be estimated and the presence of hidden replication improves prediction when data are multivariate binomial, which gives us greater flexibility for investigating associations between ethnicity and prosecution probability.
Environmental Futures through Children’s Eyes: Slow Observational Participatory Videomaking and Multi‐Sited Ethnography
Authors: Sutoris Peter 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article reflects on the lessons learned from a participatory videomaking study with children in India and South Africa. The study used a deliberately “slow” process to learn about children’s imagination of the future in light of environmental crisis. While arguing that this methodology holds promise as a way to co‐create knowledge with study participants, the article also raises ethical questions that need to be addressed when this methodology is deployed in the service of specific research agendas.
Sensing the Night: Nocturnal Filmmaking in Guantánamo, Cuba
Authors: Diamanti Eleonora , Boudreault‐Fournier Alexandrine 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGuardians of the Night (2018) is a short‐length film set in Guantánamo, Cuba, that aims to engage with a temporal scape too long disregarded by visual anthropologists: the night. This article, written by the filmmakers, reflects on some of the challenges and opportunities offered by the night for ethnographic fieldwork, filmmaking, and more specifically, sound recording. We locate our work as part of a movement to recognize the night as a spatiotemporal dimension that should be explored further from a sensorial perspective and outside the diecentric focus that social sciences have established in their approaches to social and cultural phenomena.
Clinical features, outcome, and illness severity scoring in 32 dogs with urosepsis (2017–2018)
Authors: Perry Kayla M. , Lynch Alex M. , Caudill Alexander , Vigani Alessio , Roberston James B. , Vaden Shelly 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical features, outcome, and utility of illness severity scoring in dogs diagnosed with urosepsis.DesignRetrospective study (2017–2018).SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsThirty‐two dogs diagnosed with urosepsis secondary to pyometra, prostatitis, or pyelonephritis.Interventions None.Measurements and Main ResultsUrosepsis was identified in 32 dogs, consisting of 9 of 32 (28.1%) with pyometra, 7 of 32 (21.8%) with prostatitis, and 16 of 32 (50%) with pyelonephritis. In total, 28 (87.5%) dogs survived to discharge, with the following group‐specific survival rates: pyometra, 9 of 9 (100%); prostatitis, 5 of 7 (71.4%); and pyelonephritis, 14 of 16 (87.5%). Positive bacterial cultures were obtained in 27 of 32 (84.1%) dogs. The most commonly implicated pathogens wereEscherichia coli(14/37 [37.8%]),Klebsiella pneumoniae(8/37 [21.6%]), andStaphylococcus pseudintermedius(6/37 [16.2%]). Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) was identified in 21 of 32 dogs (65.6%). Although the presence of MODS was not different between survivors and nonsurvivors (P = 0.6), nonsurvivors had more dysfunctional organs (P = 0.04). Nonsurvivors also had higher Acute Patient Physiology and Laboratory Evaluation (APPLEFAST) scores compared to survivors (P = 0.01).ConclusionsSurvival of dogs with urosepsis was good and may be higher than for other sources of sepsis. Compared to survivors, nonsurvivors had more dysfunctional organs and higher illness severity scores, which may be helpful in the assessment and management of dogs with urosepsis.
Data analysis technique influences blood flow kinetics parameter estimates for moderate‐ and heavy‐intensity exercise transitions
Authors: Love Lorenzo K , Hodgson Michael D , Keir Daniel A , Kowalchuk John M. 
Published: November 2021

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
During exercise, there are fluctuations in conduit artery blood flow (BF) caused by both cardiac and muscle contraction–relaxation cycles. What is the optimal method to process Doppler ultrasound‐measured BF for the purpose of characterizing the dynamic response of BF during step‐transitions in exercise?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Continuous BF data were processed in relation to either cardiac or muscle contraction–relaxation cycles and computed based on ‘binned’ or ‘rolling’ averages over one, two or five consecutive cycles. Kinetics characterization revealed no data processing technique‐specific differences in steady‐state BF, but variability in the rapidity at which BF attained steady‐state (i.e., mean response time) was observed.

AbstractThe overall rate of blood flow (BF) adjustment (i.e., kinetics) from the onset of an exercise transition can be quantified by the mean response time (MRT). However, the BF response profile can be distorted during rhythmic, dynamic exercise consequent to variations caused by the cardiac cycle (HR) and the muscle contraction–relaxation (CR) cycle. We examined the extent to which distortions imposed by HR and CR cycles affected BF kinetics. Eight healthy, young men (27 (4) years; mean (SD)) performed transitions of alternate‐leg knee‐extension exercise from 3 W to either a moderate‐ (MOD) or heavy‐intensity (HVY) power output. Femoral artery BF was continuously measured by Doppler ultrasound and averaged over one, two or five ‘binned’ (e.g., HR2b, etc.) or ‘rolling’ (e.g., CR5r, etc.) HR and CR cycles. Among analysis techniques, there were no differences for steady‐state BF values at the 3 W baseline. In MOD, MRT using contraction–relaxation cycle (CR1) was smaller than most other analysis techniques. For both MOD and HVY, the 95% confidence interval for MRT was generally larger when using HR‐ compared to CR‐related methods, and monoexponential fits based on ‘rolling’ averages (HR2r, HR5r, CR2r, CR5r) had a poorer ability to estimate the true end‐exercise BF in HVY than in MOD. When modelling BF kinetics, we conclude that the CR1 method is a good option because of its ability to accurately estimate the ‘data‐determined’ end‐exercise BF value from the ‘model‐derived’ response, maintain a relatively high density of data points during the transition and yield a relatively small 95% CI.