bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The declining trend in trade credit ratios: The impact of firm‐specific and macro factors
Authors: D’Mello Ranjan , Gruskin Mark , Toscano Francesca 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite the importance of trade credit as a source of financing, there is a significant and persistent decline in this form of short‐term borrowing and lending over the 1979 to 2018 interval. The median firm's accounts receivable decreased by 52% while accounts payable ratio fell by 47%. The decline is systematic, as it is present in most industries and sub‐samples of firms classified on different characteristics. Further, firms’ trade credit ratios are significantly less than predicted ratios based on firm‐specific characteristics and industry factors, and this deficiency, which is pervasive, becomes more negative over time. However, changes in macroeconomic factors such as financial shocks, interest rates, changes in monetary policy and corporate tax rates, credit available in the economy, and the transition from manufacturing to technology‐oriented economy, explain the deficiency as well as the time pattern.
Robust mixed performance of uncertain switched systems with interval time‐varying delay by synchronous switching on signal and sampled‐data input
Authors: Lien Chang‐Hua , Chang Hao‐Chin , Yu Ker‐Wei , Li Hung‐Chi , Hou Yi‐You 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe real time switching signal design and control input are developed to guarantee the passivity and performance of switched systems with interval time‐varying delay and linear fractional perturbations. For the difficulty in real time switching, a synchronous switching on signal and sampled‐data control based on sampling instant is proposed to achieve the mixed performance (passivity/H2) of system under consideration. On the other hand, the sampled‐data controls under arbitrary switching are also considered for the capture anytime and at sampling instant of switching signal, respectively. The proposed LMI conditions can be implemented numerically by Matlab toolbox. Full matrix formulation approach is used to present the main results and improve the conservativeness of the published results. New inequality and Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional are developed to achieve better proposed results in this article. Finally, some numerical examples are illustrated to show the use of our main results.
Sparse control for continuous‐time systems
Authors: Nagahara Masaaki 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this survey article, we give a comprehensive review of sparse control for continuous‐time systems, called maximum hands‐off control. The maximum hands‐off control is theoptimal control, for which we introduce fundamental properties such as necessary conditions, existence, and equivalence to theoptimal control. We also show an efficient numerical computation algorithm for the maximum hands‐off control based on the time discretization and ADMM (alternating direction method of multipliers). A numerical example is shown with an available MATLAB program.
Point source pollution influences water quality of Patagonian streams more than land cover
Authors: Williams‐Subiza Emilio A. , Assef Yanina A. , Brand Cecilia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUnderstanding how anthropogenic activities affect water quality is crucial for water resource management and protection. We explored the relationship between land cover variables, point sources of pollution, and water quality in north‐western Patagonian streams during the summer of 2019. We measured eight water quality parameters at 103 sampling sites, and used a self‐organizing map to cluster, analyse, and visualize our data. We also used boosted regression trees to model the relationship between land cover, position with respect to the nearest point source of pollution, and each water quality parameter. We found that water quality was generally good, with just 15 sites showing signs of severe anthropogenic degradation. Boosted regression trees revealed that the spatial variation in water quality was mainly driven by the presence of point sources of pollution, whereas land cover variables generally had a modest effect. The overall good condition of the streams in the study area indicates that in contrast with more impacted regions of the world, water quality management in Patagonia should focus on water quality preservation, not water quality restoration.
Core–Shell Structured C@SiO2 Hollow Spheres Decorated with Nickel Nanoparticles as Anode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Tao , Qu Yinhu , Liu Jiahao , Zhang Liuyang , Cheng Bei , Yu Jiaguo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSilicon oxide is regarded as a promising anode material for lithium‐ion batteries owing to high theoretical capacity, abundant reserve, and environmental friendliness. Large volumetric variations during the discharging/charging and intrinsically poor electrical conductivity, however, severely hinder its application. Herein, a core–shell structured composite is constructed by hollow carbon spheres and SiO2 nanosheets decorated with nickel nanoparticles (Ni‐SiO2/C HS). Hollow carbon spheres, as mesoporous cores, not only significantly facilitate the electron transfer but also prominently enhance the mechanical robustness of anode materials, which separately improves the rate performance and the cyclic durability. Besides, ultrathin SiO2 nanosheets, as hierarchical shells, provide abundant electrochemical active surface for capacity increment. Moreover, nickel nanoparticles boost the transport capacity of electrons in SiO2 nanosheets. Such a unique architecture of Ni‐SiO2/C HS guarantees an enhanced discharge capacity (712 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1) and prolonged cyclic durability (352 mAh g−1 at 1.0 A g−1 after 500 cycles). The present work offers a possibility for silica‐based anode materials in the application of next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries.
Atomistic Mechanics of Torn Back Folded Edges of Triangular Voids in Monolayer WS2
Authors: Ryu Gyeong Hee , Jung Gang Seob , Park Hyoju , Chang Ren‐Jie , Warner Jamie H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTriangular nanovoids in 2D materials transition metal dichalcogenides have vertex points that cause stress concentration and lead to sharp crack propagation and failure. Here, the atomistic mechanics of back folding around triangular nanovoids in monolayer WS2 sheets is examined. Combining atomic‐resolution images from annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy with reactive molecular modelling, it is revealed that the folding edge formation has statistical preferences under geometric conditions based on the orientation mismatch. It is further investigated how loading directions and strong interlayer friction, interplay with WS2 lattice's crack preference, govern the deformation and fracture pattern around folding edges. These results provide fundamental insights into the combination of fracture and folding in flexible monolayer crystals and the resultant Moiré lattices.
Molybdenum Carbide‐PtCu Nanoalloy Heterostructures on MOF‐Derived Carbon toward Efficient Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhang Chengtian , Liu Qian , Wang Pengyan , Zhu Jiawei , Chen Ding , Yang Yue , Zhao Yufeng , Pu Zonghua , Mu Shichun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, PtCu‐Mo2C heterostructure with charge redistribution is investigated via first‐principles theoretical calculations. Mo2C can promote the formation of the electron‐rich region of PtCu as an active site, displaying an optimized adsorption behavior toward hydrogen in terms of reduced thermodynamic energy barriers. Owing to the attractive density functional theory calculation results, the PtCu‐Mo2C heterostructure is fabricated via carbonization of the unique metal–organic framework (MOF) followed by the replacement reduction reaction for the first time. Owing to its swift kinetics and outstanding specific activity, it exhibits high hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalytic activity (26 mV @ 10 mA cm−2) and superior mass activity (1 A mgPt−1 at −0.04 V) in acidic media, which is approximately six times that of commercial Pt/C catalysts. The perception of the intrinsic activity origin of the alloy with an excellent structural support can guide the development of Pt‐based and other alloy catalysts in future.
Pt Edge‐Doped MoS2: Activating the Active Sites for Maximized Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Performance
Authors: Pei Liyuan , Qiao Haohui , Chen Bin , Zhu Xiaodong , Davis Ruth Anaya , Zhu Keyu , Xia Lei , Dong Pei , Ye Mingxin , Shen Jianfeng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe demand of clean energy calls for efficient and low‐cost hydrogen evolution reaction electrocatalysts. Fabricating hybrid catalysts from noble/non‐noble catalysts is a practical route to reducing the consumption of noble metals and enhancing catalytic efficiency. Here, 2H‐MoS2 is etched and edge‐doped with Pt nanoparticles using focused ion beam and photoreduction techniques. Precise comparison of as‐prepared samples demonstrates that the enhancement of catalytic performance can be controlled through tuning the catalyst defect length. On this basis, remarkably high performance is obtained by designing a specific defect array that is superior to commercial Pt/C with less Pt loading and higher mass activity. It has been proved by experimentation and COMSOL Multiphysics simulations that the promotion of catalytic activity not only benefits from the synergistic effect of Pt and edge active sites, but also contributes to the increased potential at the edges of the designed defect. This study sheds light on the mechanism of understanding nanoscale edge‐doped hybrid catalysts and provides a feasible strategy for the full utilization of noble metals.
A Ratiometric Fluorescent Conjugated Oligomer for Amyloid β Recognition, Aggregation Inhibition, and Detoxification
Authors: Zhang Ziqi , Yuan Qiong , Li Meiqi , Bao Benkai , Tang Yanli 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe sensitive recognition and effective inhibition of toxic amyloid β protein (Aβ) aggregates play a critical role in early diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In this work, a new conjugated oligo(fluorene‐co‐phenylene) (OFP) modified with 1,8‐naphthalimide (NA) derivative OFP‐NA‐NO2 is designed and synthesized as a ratiometric fluorescence probe for sensing Aβ, inhibiting the assembly of Aβ, and detoxicating the cytotoxicity of Aβ aggregates. In the presence of Aβ, the active ester group on the side chain of OFP‐NA‐NO2 can covalently react with the amino group on Aβ, effectively inhibiting the formation of Aβ aggregates and degrading the preformed fibrils. In this case, the fluorescence intensity ratio of NA to OFP (INA/IOFP) increases greatly. The detection limit is calculated to be 89.9 nM, presenting the most sensitive ratiometric recognition of Aβ. Interestingly, OFP‐NA‐NO2 can dramatically recover the cell viability of PC‐12 and restore the Aβ‐clearing ability of microglia. Therefore, this ratiometric probe exhibits the targeted recognition of Aβ, effective inhibition of Aβ aggregates, and detox effect, which is potential for early diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Understanding the Effect of Second Metal on CoM (M = Ni, Cu, Zn) Metal–Organic Frameworks for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wu Jie , Yu Zhenjiang , Zhang Yuanyuan , Niu Siqi , Zhao Jianying , Li Siwei , Xu Ping 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCo‐based bimetallic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as a kind of promising electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, most of present works for Co‐based bimetallic MOFs are still in try‐and‐wrong stage, while the OER performance trend and the underlying structure‐function relationship remain unclear. To address this challenge, Co‐based MOFs on carbon cloth (CC) (CoM MOFs/CC, M = Zn, Ni, and Cu) are prepared through a room‐temperature method, and their structure and OER performance are compared systematically. Based on the results of overpotential and Tafel slope, the order of OER activity is ordered in the decreasing sequence: CoZn MOF > CoNi MOF > CoCu MOF > Co MOF. Spectroscopic studies clearly show that the better OER performance of CoM MOFs results from the higher oxidation state of Co, which is related to the choice of second metal. Theoretical calculations indicate that CoZn MOFs possess strengthened adsorption for O‐containing intermediate, and lower energy barrier towards OER. This study figures out the effect of second metal on the OER performance of Co‐based bimetallic MOFs and suggests that tuning the electronic structure of the metal site can be an effective strategy for other MOFs‐based OER catalysts.
Covalent Organic Framework (COF)‐Based Hybrids for Electrocatalysis: Recent Advances and Perspectives
Authors: Tang Jiayi , Su Chao , Shao Zongping 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDeveloping highly efficient electrocatalysts for renewable energy conversion and environment purification has long been a research priority in the past 15 years. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as a burgeoning family of organic materials internally connected by covalent bonds and have been explored as promising candidates in electrocatalysis. The reticular geometry of COFs can provide an excellent platform for precise incorporation of the active sites in the framework, and the fine‐tuning hierarchical porous architectures can enable efficient accessibility of the active sites and mass transportation. Considerable advances are made in rational design and controllable fabrication of COF‐based organic–inorganic hybrids, that containing organic frameworks and inorganic electroactive species to induce novel physicochemical properties, and take advantage of the synergistic effect for targeted electrocatalysis with the hybrid system. Branches of COF‐based hybrids containing a diversity form of metals, metal compounds, as well as metal‐free carbons have come to the fore as highly promising electrocatalysts. This review aims to provide a systematic and profound understanding of the design principles behind the COF‐based hybrids for electrocatalysis applications. Particularly, the structure–activity relationship and the synergistic effects in the COF‐based hybrid systems are discussed to shed some light on the future design of next‐generation electrocatalysts.
Experimental and numerical study on T‐Shaped UHPFRC beams with high‐strength reinforcement
Authors: Zhu Li , Li Tengsheng , Wang Ying , Tang Qingchen , Wang Guangming , Zhang Zhendong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article experimentally and numerically investigated the flexural behavior of T‐shaped UHPFRC beams reinforced with high‐strength bars. A total of five beams were tested to study the effect of steel fiber volumetric ratio, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, and mix proportion of UHPFRC. Test results indicate that flexural stiffness and strength increased with increasing reinforcement ratio, while the effect of mix proportion was negligible. With the same shear reinforcement ratio, the failure mode of T‐shaped beams changed from shear failure to flexural failure with steel fibers. Results from finite element analyses had good agreement with test results. Future research will focus on the parametric study based on calibrated finite element models and the secondary development of ABAQUS to simulate the shear failure of UHPFRC beams.
Experimental Study on Re‐ignition Process in CO2/C2F6 Gas Mixture Flow after Application of Quasi‐Transient Recovery Voltage
Authors: Demura Fumitoshi , Nakano Yusuke , Tanaka Yasunori , Ishijima Tatsuo , Kikuchi Ryo , Kumada Akiko , Inada Yuki 
Published: October 2021

This paper reports dielectric recovery properties of residual CO2/C2F6 gas arcs in a nozzle under free recovery condition, which was realized by operation of insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) connected in parallel to arcing electrodes. The recovery properties were measured by adjusting the application timings of the quasi transient recovery voltage (TRV) with a peak value of 4.5 kV with a rate of rise of recovery voltage (RRRV) of 1.8 kV/μs. After a specified delay time td from initiation of arc decaying, re‐ignition occurred when the post‐arc phase had an insufficient dielectric strength for the quasi‐TRV. Experimental results showed that the arc proved to be fluctuated more by minor addition of C2F6 to CO2, although the C2F6 mixing hardly influenced averaged re‐ignition voltage. On the other hand, the probability of successful interruption was greatly improved by mixing C2F6 to CO2. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Impact and mitigation of blade surface roughness effects on wind turbine performance
Authors: Kelly Jack , Vogel Christopher , Willden Richard 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a numerical study of the effects of blade roughness on wind turbine performance and annual energy production and how these effects may be partially mitigated through improved control. Three rotors are designed using the NACA4415, S801 and S810 airfoils, and blade element momentum theory is used to model wind turbine behaviour. The aerodynamic lift and drag data for the clean and roughened airfoils are taken from previous experimental work. These show that surface roughness leads to a decreased airfoil lift coefficient and an increased drag coefficient across an angle of attack range typical for large wind turbines, which will clearly lead to decreased turbine performance. Three separate control methods are considered for wind turbines with roughened blades operating at each of four candidate wind sites with different wind speed distributions. Results show that, compared to clean rotor blades, the roughened blades lead to a performance drop in the range of 2.9–8.6% for a torque based control strategy. A control‐based performance recovery strategy, in which the controller gain coefficient is re‐optimised, increased roughened rotor annual energy production by 0.1–1.0%.
Governance for food waste prevention in Japan, Thailand, and Vietnam: Achieving the right mix
Authors: Mao Caixia , Zusman Eric , Hengesbaugh Matthew , Liu Chen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article asks how to achieve food waste prevention in Asia from a governance perspective by looking at Japan, Thailand, and Vietnam as case studies. Aligning stakeholders behind preventive measures on food waste requires a context‐appropriate mix of hierarchical, market, and network modes of governance. This article analyzes current food waste governance in Japan, Thailand, and Vietnam. In Japan, government‐led hierarchical coordination primarily only emphasized horizontal coordination and later extended this into vertical coordination. The emergence of grassroots initiatives in the response to COVID‐19 shows that network and market forms of coordination have greater potential to scale their reach to consumers than hierarchical coordination. Thailand exhibits a hierarchical orientation with little interagency coordination on upstream measures; market and network modes have compensated for limited upstream government efforts. Vietnam combines hierarchical and market modes only in the post‐harvesting and manufacturing stages of food production and relies on network modes during community‐level reuse and distribution. The article recommends that to achieve food waste prevention, other than introducing national government led hierarchical mode of coordination in vertical and horizontal levels, market and network‐based coordination is essential to engage with different stakeholders in the food supply chain.
Research trends in forensic science: A scientometric approach to analyze the content of the INTERPOL reviews
Authors: Ménard Hervé , Akinpelu Oyewumi , Fiakpui Nana A. , He Rong (Lily) , Huxter Sarah , Jordan Caitlin , Judge Lucy , King Aoife , Miller Brianna , Moggs Sophie E. , Patrascu Carmen‐Teodora , Pearson Teri , Seneviratne M. Eranthi J. , Timmerman Lotte E. , Haddrill Penelope R. , Klu Joyce K. , Cole Christian , Nic Daéid Niamh 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe use of forensic evidence has become indispensable in many countries and jurisdictions around the world; however, the dissemination of research advancements does not necessarily directly or easily reach the forensic science community. Reports from the INTERPOL International Forensic Science Managers Symposium outline major areas that are of interest to forensic practitioners across the INTERPOL member countries. The information contained in the INTERPOL reports is extensive but can be challenging to process. The purpose of this research is to provide a comprehensive overview of the evolution of trends within the INTERPOL reports over an 18 year period. References relating to 10 evidence types retrieved from the 14th to 19th INTERPOL IFSMS reports (2004–2019) were processed and compared with data exports from the citation database Scopus covering the same evidence types. The results from this work are summarized by investigating the relationships between the 10 evidence types. To explore the outputs a user‐friendly R‐Shiny application was developed and is freely available at: https://uod.ac.uk/lrcfsinterpolreportsexplorer.This article is categorized under:
Forensic Chemistry and Trace Evidence > Trace Evidence
Patient Resources in a Cancer Center
Authors: Yassine Farah , Kharfan-Dabaja Mohamed A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite the emergence of more effective targeted therapies, cancer treatment remains a complex process requiring a holistic patient-centered approach, beyond the direct medical care offered by the treating hematologist/oncologist. This entails empowering patients with knowledge about prescribed regimens and their risks and side effects, within a multifaceted treatment team involving hematologists/oncologists, advanced practice providers, nurses, nutritionists, and pharmacists, among others. Additionally, a multitude of resources are generally available including financial, religious, and spiritual support to help patients in the treatment journey. This chapter describes resources generally available to cancer patients, as well as an array of supporting services in a cancer center to address the patient needs.
Entanglement entropy and edge modes in topological string theory. Part II. The dual gauge theory story
Authors: Jiang Yikun , Kim Manki , Wong Gabriel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This is the second in a two-part paper devoted to studying entanglement entropy and edge modes in the A model topological string theory. This theory enjoys a gauge-string (Gopakumar-Vafa) duality which is a topological analogue of AdS/CFT. In part 1, we defined a notion of generalized entropy for the topological closed string theory on the resolved conifold. We provided a canonical interpretation of the generalized entropy in terms of the q-deformed entanglement entropy of the Hartle-Hawking state. We found string edge modes transforming under a quantum group symmetry and interpreted them as entanglement branes. In this work, we provide the dual Chern-Simons gauge theory description. Using Gopakumar-Vafa duality, we map the closed string theory Hartle-Hawking state to a Chern-Simons theory state containing a superposition of Wilson loops. These Wilson loops are dual to closed string worldsheets that determine the partition function of the resolved conifold. We show that the undeformed entanglement entropy due to cutting these Wilson loops reproduces the bulk generalized entropy and therefore captures the entanglement underlying the bulk spacetime. Finally, we show that under the Gopakumar-Vafa duality, the bulk entanglement branes are mapped to a configuration of topological D-branes, and the non-local entanglement boundary condition in the bulk is mapped to a local boundary condition in the gauge theory dual. This suggests that the geometric transition underlying the gauge-string duality may also be responsible for the emergence of entanglement branes.