bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of SNORT and Wireshark in Network Traffic Analysis
Authors: Jain G , Anubha  
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Now a days, our life is totally dependent on internet which in turn leads to different kind of intrusion. In order to detect intrusion, detection tool is needed so as to detect any kind of intrusion without user involvement. Intrusion detection system is a process of analyzing intrusion so as to provide secured data transmission in networking. One of the most used tools in analyzing packets is Wireshark. Nevertheless, Wireshark is less effective in detecting the intrusion still it can be used to intercept and detect network encrypted traffic which will analyze the captured traffic. Wireshark helps in identifying number of attacks like DoS, DDOS etc. SNORT take all live packets from internet and captured the live packets with predefined rules and if matches didn’t find then directs alert messages to the user. In this method, router is used to access internet so as to get precise flow of data packets. It generates a log file which entails all the live captured packets. The log file “Wi-Fi” generated by SNORT tool is then exported to Wireshark to examine the captured network packets. The Wireshark tool creates each detail about the packets of the recorded log file. In this paper, the I/O graph outlined the flow of the packet which demonstrations the total traffic which is further measured in either bytes or packets per second. TCP errors and delta time graph are shown.
Performance Improvement of Circular Micro-Strip Patch Antenna for WCS
Authors: Kannadhasan S. , Nagarajan R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The proposed a circular micro-strip antenna (CMSA) with a circular slot in this paper, that solves the current narrow bandwidth dilemma. The parametric analysis reveals that only with the right choice of parameters would wideband features be achieved with a smaller antenna. The proposed antenna is built at 27.5GHz with wider bandwidth and tremendous return failure. This antenna can also be used extensively for embedded applications with a large data rate. This antenna can be physically implemented with embedded devices that enable it to function in a broader variety of applications.
A Novel and Efficient Approach for Content- Based Image Retrieval
Authors: Saxena Akash , Rajpoot Vikram , Chaturvedi Ankur 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In content-based image retrieval (CBIR) means the quest of an image continues at the real content material of picture to a positive volume to its metadata. The CBIR System has utilized for the remove the features, indexing individual’s features by inappropriate formation and capably given a response to user’s uncertainty. To provide the significant response to client question, CBIR gave some run of work. A novel scheme is proposed in this research work for color picture indexing by introducing the ease of the SVM system. A novel method is introduced for color picture indexing by exploit for it easy of the SVM system. This feature Extraction was seen as the binary classification problem and SVM was used for the problem’s solution. It is concluded that to attain the extraction at the high speed as well as for making it so flexible that it can also adjust with the images of large size. The objective of this paper is to stand for the importance of maintaining vector machine in the well-organized retrieval of an image in SVM is utilizes as classifier that performing task of classification the image and this process of classification are providing to all picture that are mined later by feature extraction process
PLC Operated Colour Based Product Sorting machine
Authors: Vandana S , Shamukha Sri Sai K , Rohila P , Manideep V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Manual sorting requires excessive effort and takes time, while automated sorting makes it possible to sort items quickly and efficiently. Production and packaging systems widely use the sorting method of product lines as a bridge. Industries have been sorting processes to arrange the materials of their items according to the requirements to decrease labour and increase overall accuracy. We have developed a S71200 PLC-based sorting system to demonstrate this sorting system, where we use electro-magnetic actuators with TCS2300 colour sensor to automate the whole system. The system consists of a conveyor belt to carry items and a colour sensor to sense the product’s colour form, and the system will then use 2 electromagnetic actuators to actuate and drive the product at its respective collection station. To identify the colour of the object moving on the conveyor belt, a colour sensor was used. The colour sensor transmits a particular signal to the PLC as soon as the appropriate colour is detected, which, in turn, operates the corresponding electromagnetic actuator to force the product out of the respective station. We can completely automate the sorting system in this way. In parallel processing industries, the sorting of these goods is very difficult. A consistency issue is created by continuous manual sorting. For controlling the overall operation, PLC is used as a master controller and Arduino as a slave controller. The colour identification method is based on the frequency analysis of the colour sensor’s output. This will fulfil the requirements of higher output and accurate performance in the field of automation.
A Study on Movie Recommendations using Collaborative Filtering
Authors: Pradhan Rahul , Swami Ashish Chandra , Saxena Akash , Rajpoot Vikram 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Recommendation system plays a major role nowadays, which is used for many applications. We know that the online content and service providers have a huge amount of content so the problem which arises is which data is required for whom so the problem of providing apposite content frequently. This paper represents the overview and approaches of techniques generated in a recommendation system. One of them is Collaborative Filtering which we will discuss about.
Mid-infrared supercontinuum generation using low peak pump power in As38Se62 based chalcogenide photonic crystal fiber
Authors: Vyas S , Shiong N S , Kumar A , Sharma G , Jaiverdhan  , Chandna V K , Singh G 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A supercontinuum (SC) based chalcogenide As38Se62 PCF for broadband mid-infrared light source is numerically reported. For the computational studies, the design of the proposed structure is made up of three rings of air holes with circular and elliptical shapes. The proposed structure provides excellent nonlinear coefficient and dispersion optimization. For the analysis, the finite difference frequency domain (FDFD) method is employed. Due to the high nonlinear refractive index and optimizing design of As38Se62 chalcogenide glass, an effective mode area of 40.5972 μm2 is obtained. The dispersion characteristic of the proposed structure has a zero-dispersion wavelength at 3.89 μm. The nonlinear coefficient is 761 W-1km-1 at the wavelength of 4 μm. Dispersion is almost flat from 2 μm up to 10 μm. The supercontinuum spectrum calculated ranges from 2 μm to 9 μm. The presented structure is appropriate for medical imaging, optical coherence tomography and optical communications.
Functional and Structural Properties of Highly Responsive Somatosensory Neurons in Mouse Barrel Cortex
Authors: Barz C S , Garderes P M , Ganea D A , Reischauer S , Feldmeyer D , Haiss F 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Sparse population activity is a well-known feature of supragranular sensory neurons in neocortex. The mechanisms underlying sparseness are not well understood because a direct link between the neurons activated in vivo, and their cellular properties investigated in vitro has been missing. We used two-photon calcium imaging to identify a subset of neurons in layer L2/3 (L2/3) of mouse primary somatosensory cortex that are highly active following principal whisker vibrotactile stimulation. These high responders (HRs) were then tagged using photoconvertible green fluorescent protein for subsequent targeting in the brain slice using intracellular patch-clamp recordings and biocytin staining. This approach allowed us to investigate the structural and functional properties of HRs that distinguish them from less active control cells. Compared to less responsive L2/3 neurons, HRs displayed increased levels of stimulus-evoked and spontaneous activity, elevated noise and spontaneous pairwise correlations, and stronger coupling to the population response. Intrinsic excitability was reduced in HRs, while we found no evidence for differences in other electrophysiological and morphological parameters. Thus, the choice of which neurons participate in stimulus encoding may be determined largely by network connectivity rather than by cellular structure and function.
A Sensitive LC–MS/MS Method for the Determination of Afatinib in Human Plasma and Its Application to a Bioequivalence Study
Authors: Luo Xi , Zhang Xiu Jin , Zhu Wen Ling , Yi Jin Ling , Xiong Wen Gang , Ye Feng , Zheng Chao , Fan Ming Xia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry assay for the determination of afatinib (AFT) in human plasma was established. A simple sample preparation of protein precipitation was used and separation was achieved on a C18 column by the gradient mixture of mobile Phase A of water (containing 0.1% ammonia) and the mobile Phase B of acetonitrile and water (V:V = 95:5, containing 0.2% ammonia). The multiple reaction monitoring mode was used to monitor the precursor-to-production transitions of m/z 486.2 → m/z 371.4 for AFT and m/z 492.2 → m/z 371.3 for AFT-d6 (internal standard) at positive ionization mode. The calibration curve ranged from 0.100 to 25.0 ng·mL−1 and the correlation coefficient was greater than 0.99. The intra- and inter-batch precision was less than or equal to 10.0%. Accuracy determined at four concentrations was in the range of 92.3–103.3%. In summary, our method was sensitive, simple and reliable for the quantification of AFT and was successfully applied to a bioequivalence study.
Limited transgenerational effects of environmental temperatures on thermal performance of a cold-adapted salmonid
Authors: Penney Chantelle M , Burness Gary , Tabh Joshua K R , Wilson Chris C 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The capacity of ectotherms to cope with rising temperatures associated with climate change is a significant conservation concern as the rate of warming is likely too rapid to allow for adaptative responses in many populations. Transgenerational plasticity (TGP), if present, could potentially buffer some of the negative impacts of warming on future generations. We examined TGP in lake trout to assess their inter-generational potential to cope with anticipated warming. We acclimated adult lake trout to cold (10°C) or warm (17°C) temperatures for several months, then bred them to produce offspring from parents within a temperature treatment (cold-acclimated and warm-acclimated parents) and between temperature treatments (i.e. reciprocal crosses). At the fry stage, offspring were also acclimated to cold (11°C) or warm (15°C) temperatures. Thermal performance was assessed by measuring their critical thermal maximum (CTM) and the change in metabolic rate during an acute temperature challenge. From this dataset, we also determined their resting and peak (highest achieved, thermally induced) metabolic rates. There was little variation in offspring CTM or peak metabolic rate, although cold-acclimated offspring from warm-acclimated parents exhibited elevated resting metabolic rates without a corresponding increase in mass or condition factor, suggesting that transgenerational effects can be detrimental when parent and offspring environments mismatch. These results suggest that the limited TGP in thermal performance of lake trout is unlikely to significantly influence population responses to projected increases in environmental temperatures.
Barriers to the utilization of community-based child and newborn health services in Ethiopia: a scoping review
Authors: Miller Nathan P , Bagheri Ardestani Farid , Wong Hayes , Stokes Sonya , Mengistu Birkety , Paulos Meron , Agonafir Nesibu , Sylla Mariame , Ameha Agazi , Birhanu Bizuhan Gelaw , Khan Sadaf , Lemango Ephrem Tekle 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health and partners have scaled up integrated community case management (iCCM) and community-based newborn care (CBNC), allowing health extension workers (HEWs) to manage the major causes of child and newborn death at the community level. However, low service uptake remains a key challenge. We conducted a scoping review of peer-reviewed and grey literature to assess barriers to the utilization of HEW services and to explore potential solutions. The review, which was conducted to inform the Optimizing the Health Extension Program project, which aimed to increase the utilization of iCCM and CBNC services, included 24 peer-reviewed articles and 18 grey literature documents. Demand-side barriers to utilization included lack of knowledge about the signs and symptoms of childhood illnesses and danger signs; low awareness of curative services offered by HEWs; preference for home-based care, traditional care, or religious intervention; distance, lack of transportation and cost of care seeking; the need to obtain husband’s permission to seek care and opposition of traditional or religious leaders. Supply-side barriers included health post closures, drug stockouts, disrespectful care and limited skill and confidence of HEWs, particularly with regard to the management of newborn illnesses. Potential solutions included community education and demand generation activities, finding ways to facilitate and subsidize transportation to health facilities, engaging family members and traditional and religious leaders, ensuring consistent availability of services at health posts and strengthening supervision and supply chain management. Both demand generation and improvement of service delivery are necessary to achieve the expected impact of iCCM and CBNC. Key steps for improving utilization would be carrying out multifaceted demand generation activities, ensuring availability of HEWs in health posts and ensuring consistent supplies of essential commodities. The Women’s Development Army has the potential to improving linkages between HEWs and communities, but this strategy needs to be strengthened to be effective.
Fast classification rates without standard margin assumptions
Authors: Bousquet Olivier , Zhivotovskiy Nikita 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We consider the classical problem of learning rates for classes with finite Vapnik–Chervonenkis (VC) dimension. It is well known that fast learning rates up to $O\left (\frac{d}{n}\right )$ are achievable by the empirical risk minimization (ERM) algorithm if low noise or margin assumptions are satisfied. These usually require the optimal Bayes classifier to be in the class, and it has been shown that when this is not the case, the fast rates cannot be achieved even in the noise free case. In this paper, we further investigate the question of the fast rates in the agnostic setting, when the Bayes classifier is not in the class and the noise in the labeling is allowed. First, we consider classification with a reject option, namely Chow’s reject option model, and show that by slightly lowering the impact of hard instances, a learning rate of order $O\left (\frac{d}{n}\log \frac{n}{d}\right )$ is always achievable in the agnostic setting by a specific learning algorithm. Similar results were only known under special versions of margin assumptions. As an auxiliary result, we show that under the Bernstein assumption the performance of the proposed algorithm is never worse than the performance of ERM even if some of the labels are predicted at random. Based on those results, we derive the necessary and sufficient conditions for classification (without a reject option) with fast rates in the agnostic setting achievable by improper learners. This simultaneously extends the work by Massart & Nédélec (2006, Ann. Stat., 34, 2326–2366), which studied this question in the case where the Bayesian optimal rule belongs to the class, and the work by Ben-David and Urner (2014, COLT, pp. 527–542 ), which allows the misspecification but is limited to the no noise setting. Our result also provides the first general setup in statistical learning theory in which an improper learning algorithm may significantly improve the learning rate for non-convex losses.
Geographic Pattern of Typhoid Fever in India: A Model-Based Estimate of Cohort and Surveillance Data
Authors: Cao Yanjia , Karthikeyan Arun S , Ramanujam Karthikeyan , Raju Reshma , Krishna Swathi , Kumar Dilesh , Ryckman Theresa , Mohan Venkata Raghava , Kang Gagandeep , John Jacob , Andrews Jason R , Lo Nathan C 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Typhoid fever remains a major public health problem in India. Recently, the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in India program completed a multisite surveillance study. However, data on subnational variation in typhoid fever are needed to guide the introduction of the new typhoid conjugate vaccine in India.

Methods
We applied a geospatial statistical model to estimate typhoid fever incidence across India, using data from 4 cohort studies and 6 hybrid surveillance sites from October 2017 to March 2020. We collected geocoded data from the Demographic and Health Survey in India as predictors of typhoid fever incidence. We used a log linear regression model to predict a primary outcome of typhoid incidence.

Results
We estimated a national incidence of typhoid fever in India of 360 cases (95% confidence interval [CI], 297–494) per 100 000 person-years, with an annual estimate of 4.5 million cases (95% CI, 3.7–6.1 million) and 8930 deaths (95% CI, 7360–12 260), assuming a 0.2% case-fatality rate. We found substantial geographic variation of typhoid incidence across the country, with higher incidence in southwestern states and urban centers in the north.

Conclusions
There is a large burden of typhoid fever in India with substantial heterogeneity across the country, with higher burden in urban centers.
T2 One Year Follow up Results of the DETECT Enzymatic Debridement Multicenter RCT
Authors: Hickerson William L , Goverman Jeremy , Blome-Eberwein Sigrid A , Singer Adam , Wibbenmeyer Lucy , Meyer Nicholas , Carson Joshua S , Gallagher James , Kahn Steven , Bhavsar Dhaval , Mozingo David , Pham Tam N , Gibran Nicole S , Shupp Jeffrey W , Foster Kevin N , Lewis Giavonni M , Caffrey Julie , Shoham Yaron 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Bromelain Based Debridement (BBD) of deep thermal burns has been approved for use in Europe, Argentina, Russia, South Korea, Peru, and Israel, and is an investigational product in the United States. Topline results of acute stage endpoints of the DETECT Phase 3 multicenter RCT have been reported previously. The aim of this abstract is to present the 12-month follow-up of predefined endpoints of scar quality, function and quality of life (QoL).

Methods
One-hundred and seventy-five adult patients with deep burns were randomized in a Phase 3 clinical trial to one of 3 treatment arms – BBD, Standard of Care (SOC), or Gel vehicle (placebo control) in a 3:3:1 ratio (75 BBD, 75 SOC, and 25 Gel). Scar quality (cosmesis) and function data were analyzed for longer-term data collected at 3, 6, 12 (and 24 - data not yet final) months. Cosmesis and function were measured using Modified Vancouver Scar Scale (MVSS) and Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) to demonstrate that BBD treatment was non-inferior to SOC treatment, as measured at 12 months from wound closure date, evaluated by assessors blinded to the treatment arm. QoL was measured by the EQ-5D (EuroQol 5 Dimensions), VAS (Visual Analog Scale) and BSHS-B (Burn Specific Health Scale – Brief) scales. Missing values were imputed in the analysis using multiple imputation, with best case-worst case imputations as sensitivity analyses.

Results
The 12-month follow-up mean MVSS scores were lower (better) for the BBD group (3.70±2.10) than for the SOC (5.08±3.11) and Gel groups (5.63±2.99). A regression analysis showed that BBD has a 1.36 MVSS point advantage over SOC after adjustment for all other variables in the model (p-value = 0.0027). The 95% CI for this treatment effect was -2.24 to -0.48, excluding the pre-defined non-inferiority margin of +1.9 points, thus establishing non-inferiority of BBD treatment compared with SOC. Note that the interval also excludes 0, indicating superiority of BBD over SOC. The 3- and 6-month follow-up MVSS scores are also lower for the BBD group (5.51±3.09, 4.43±2.59) than for the SOC (6.63±3.44, 5.43±3.75) and Gel (7.56±2.67, 8.89±3.37) groups. POSAS total scores followed similar trends to MVSS scores but did not reach statistical significance at 12 months. QOL was generally similar among the treatment arms.

Conclusions
In addition to the significant acute stage results presented previously, the long-term results of this RCT further demonstrate the safety of BBD treatment, including significantly better 12-month follow-up MVSS scores.
T3 Are Burns a Chronic Condition: Examining Physical and Mental Functioning up to 20 Years After Injury
Authors: Abouzeid Callie , Wolfe Audrey E , Carrougher Gretchen J , Gibran Nicole S , Holavanahalli Radha K , Ni Pengsheng , Roaten Kimberly , Ryan Colleen M , Suman Oscar E , Wolf Steven E , Kazis Lewis E , Schneider Jeffrey C 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Burn survivors often face many long-term physical and psychological symptoms associated with their injury. To date, however, few studies have examined the impact of burn injuries on quality of life beyond 2 years post-injury. The purpose of this study is to examine the physical and mental well-being of burn survivors up to 20 years after injury.

Methods
Data from the Burn Model System National Database (1997–2020) were analyzed. Patient-reported outcome measures were collected at discharge with a recall of preinjury status, and then at 5, 10, 15, and 20 years after injury. Outcomes examined were the Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) of the Short Form-12. Trajectories were developed using linear mixed methods model with repeated measures of PCS and MCS scores over time and controlling for demographic and clinical variables. The model fitted score trajectory was generated with 95% confidence intervals to demonstrate score changes over time and associations with covariates.

Results
The study population included 420 adult burn survivors with a mean age of 42.4 years. The population was mainly male (66%) and white (76.4%) with a mean burn size of 21.5% and length of hospital stay of 31.3 days. Higher PCS scores were associated with follow-up time points closer to injury, shorter hospital stay, and younger age. Similarly, higher MCS scores were associated with earlier follow-up time points, shorter hospital stay, female gender, and non-perineal burns. MCS trajectories are demonstrated in the Figure.

Conclusions
Burn survivors’ physical and mental health worsened over time. Such a trend is different from previous reported results for mental health in the general population. Demographic and clinical predictors of recovery over time are identified.