bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategic Responses During Frugal Innovation at the Base of the Pyramid: the Case of Philips Community Life Centres
Authors: Onsongo Elsie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
When multinational enterprises (MNEs) seek to serve the needs of base of the pyramid (BOP) environments, they are often confronted with several environmental factors, among them, severe resource constraints and institutional complexities. MNEs adopt two overarching strategic orientations to navigate these factors: the strategy to adapt to the new context, or the strategy to shape the context. This paper investigates how and when these strategic orientations are deployed in an MNE. It further explores the intra-organisational tensions and dilemmas that arise when these strategic orientations are implemented. This paper analyzes a case of frugal innovation in a primary care intervention developed and deployed in Kenya by Philips N. V., a Dutch multinational technology company. Several propositions are generated based on the case findings. The paper contributes to the frugal innovation literature which lacks rigorous, in-depth analytical case studies on organisational processes associated with new product development. It also offers managers a useful toolkit that could inform how they could strategically navigate the pressures of BOP environments.
Ultra-Sensitive Detection of Pyridine in Water Using Zinc Porphyrin Incorporated in a Transparent Hydrophobic Film
Authors: Sasai Ryo , Aoyama Yu-hei , Fujimura Takuya 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this study, we investigated the axial coordination reaction between pyridine and zinc meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (ZnTPPS) incorporated in a transparent layered double hydroxide (LDH) film modified with 1-decanesulfonate (C10S) in an aqueous solution. The equilibrium constant (\({K}_{11}\)) of the axial coordination reaction between pyridine and ZnTPPS incorporated in the transparent ZnTPPS/C10S/LDH film was approximately 260 times that of the corresponding reaction in an aqueous solution. The hydrophobisation of the LDH interlayer space by C10S, which led to the elimination of water molecules surrounding ZnTPPS and enabled the accumulation of pyridine molecules, was responsible for such a significant increase in the \({K}_{11}\) value. The developed film can detect pyridine in aqueous solutions with ultra-high sensitivity in the order of 10−5 mol/L through changes in the colour tone, which is comparable to the molecular detection ability of insect antennae. The sensing response was also observed at pyridine concentrations as low as 10−9 mol/L.
Cellulosic Paper-Based Membrane for Oil-Water Separation Enabled by Papermaking and in-Situ Gelation
Authors: Gao Decheng , Feng Yucheng , Zhang Xiao , Wu Shuying , Yang Fei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
While has obvious scientific significance, the oil-water separation membranes are argued at production and disuse, mainly ascribed to the complex processes and non-biodegradation. Papermaking has great potential in the field of oil/water separation. The pulp refining of papermaking can improve the properties of pulp to improve the properties of paper substrate, which play an important role in oil-water separation. Due to the separation process was conducted under water, the wet strength of paper-based membrane was improved by micro-dissolved and in-situ gelation. The strength, oil-water separation efficiency and flux of membranes were explored under different beating degrees and regenerated conditions. The separation for oil-water emulsion of membranes can keep more than 98.5%, and the flux can be adjusted by pulp refining and in-situ gelation. The membranes are expected to be a low-cost, high-efficient for oily wastewater purification. This work demonstrates a new idea for the development of oil-water separation and papermaking, which provides a feasible strategy for large scale production of fully biodegradable oil-water separation membrane.
Risk Factors on Healthcare-Associated Infections Among Hospitalized Tuberculosis Patients in China From 2001- 2020: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liu Xinliang , Ren Nili , Ma Zheng Feei , Zhong Meiling , Li Hao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAs a chronic communicable disease, tuberculosis (TB) is acknowledged as a global public health issue. A comprehensive analysis of risk factors on HAIs among TB hospitalized patients in Chinese hospitals is vacant. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to investigate the risk factors associated with healthcare-associated TB in Chinese hospitals.MethodsMedline, EMBASE and Chinese Journals Online databases were searched. The search was limited to studies published from January 1st 2001 and December 31st 2020. Meta-analyses of ORs in the prevalence were estimated. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed based on the 𝝉2 and I2 statistics to select the meta-analysis model. Review Manager 5.3 was employed and P<0.05 was considered as the statistical significance.ResultsThe databases searched 418 records, of which 11 published articles were included in the quantitative meta-analysis. A total of 11,922 TB hospitalized patients were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, of which 1,133 were diagnosed as having HAIs. Older than 65 years (OR: 2.89[2.01-4.15]), presence of complication (OR: 3.28[2.10-5.13]), presence of diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.63[1.22-2.19]), invasive procedure (OR: 3.80[2.25-6.42]), longer than 15 days of hospitalization stay (OR: 2.09[1.64-2.64]), secondary tuberculosis (OR: 2.25[1.48-3.42]), smoking (OR: 1.40[1.02-1.93]), presence of underlying disease (OR: 2.66[1.53-4.62]), and use of antibiotics (OR: 2.77[2.35-3.27])were the main risk factors associated with higher HAIs prevalence among TB hospitalized patients with a statistical significance (P<0.05).Conclusionsolder than 65 years, presence of complication, presence of diabetes mellitus, invasive procedure, longer than 15 days of hospitalization stay, secondary tuberculosis, smoking, presence of underlying disease, and use of antibiotics were the main risk factors which had a negative impact on HAIs among TB hospitalized patients in Chinese hospitals. These findings provided evidence for the policy makers and hospital managers to make effective infection prevention and control measures to constrain the rising of HAIs. It is also required that more cost-effective infection prevention and control measures should be widely applied in routinely medical treatment and clinical management to healthcare-associated TB.
On-Farm Diversity of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Farmers’ Varieties in Eastern Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Nurgi Negera , Tana Tamado , Dechassa Nigussie , Alemayehu Yibekal , Tesso Bulti 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Ethiopia is considered as the secondary centre of faba bean diversity. However, the extent of its diversity at present time is not well known in the eastern Hararghe Zone. Therefore, survey study was conducted from December 2018 to March 2019 to identify patterns of on-farm diversity of faba bean farmers’ varieties and their use; and to assess production attributes, constraints, and role of gender in the production and management of faba bean farmers’ varieties in eastern Hararghe Zone. Two stratified agro-ecological zones (Tepid moist mid-highland, M3 and Tepid sub-humid mid-highland, SH3) were selected from the zone. Three Kebeles from each agroecologies were randomly selected. From each Kebele, 12 general informants and two key informants based on their gender and wealth status were selected, making a total of 72 general and 12 key informants, a total of 84 informants. Structured and semi-structured questionnaires were used for the general and key informants, respectively. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics using R (version 3.5.2) software. Eight farmers’ varieties of faba bean were identified. Highest varietal diversity (Hꞌ = 1.35) was recorded at Gara Abdula kebele of M3 while the lowest diversity value (Hꞌ = 0.81) was at Obi Kutir 1 kebele of SH3. Variety Safisa was reported for its highest market price (32.8 ETB kg−1) and variety Dabale was the highest yielder (1900 kg ha−1). Most farmers (94%) use traditional seeds and 72% of farmers grow faba bean on < 0.125 ha land area. Baqela Faranji was the widely (33%) cultivated variety. Diseases (100%), weeds (89%) and land shortage (85%) were the main faba bean production constraints. Roles of male adult and female adult family members take the upper hand in all faba bean production and post-harvest management activities. In conclusion, expansion of chat crop and shortage of land are the major reasons for low faba bean diversity.
Mechanical Properties and Delamination Factor Evaluation of Cellulose (Nettle) Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites using RSM
Authors: . Pankaj , Kant Suman , Jawalkar C.S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses on fabrication, testing and evaluation of delamination factor of nettle fiber based composites for low duty applications. The randomly oriented nettle fibers were used to fabricate the biocomposite by conventional hand lap up technique. Epoxy and Nettle based composite plates were developed by varying fiber weight percentage from 5% to 25%. The flexural, tensile, impact, chemical resistance and water absorption rate of developed nettle fiber based biocomposite were examined for different fiber weight fractions in the randomly oriented patterns as a unique and innovative attempt. During the investigation, flexural strength and tensile strength were improved up to 20 wt% of fiber addition and then it was decreased. This resulted in a continuous rise in impact strength with an enhancement in fiber wt. %. The influence of fiber weight percentage on water absorption and chemical resistance of fabricated composite was examined in different environments. The result showed that the nettle fibers can be used as an essential reinforcing material to design and fabricate mechanical and structural members for low duty application. The chemical behavior of nettle based composite was studied by the FTIR spectroscopy method and the presence of chemical functional group was confirmed. The drilling behavior of developed nettle/SiC/epoxy hybrid composites was evaluated by consider cutting process parameters like feed rate (0.125, 0.212 and 0.3 mm/rev), spindle speed (400, 600, 800 rev/min) and drill diameter (4, 6, 8 mm). Analysis of variance was used in designing experiments for the current investigation. Feed rate was found to be a very impressive factor in influencing the delamination factor.
Dynamic Characteristic Analysis of Spur Gear System Considering Tooth Contact State Caused by Shaft Misalignment
Authors: Yang Lantao , Zeng Qiang , Yang Haishi , Wang Liming , Long Guorong , Ding Xiaoxi , Shao Yimin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Shaft misalignment will change the gear contact state, and then leads to the variation of the internal stiffness excitation of the gear pair, and finally the dynamic characteristics of the gear system will be affected. However, the influence of the gear contact state change on stiffness is usually neglected in the traditional stiffness calculation model for misaligned gears, and the underlying influence mechanism of the gear contact state changes aroused by the shaft misalignment on the dynamic characteristics of gear system is still unclear. To address these shortcomings, traditional loaded tooth contact analysis (LTCA) model is improved with the influences of fillet foundation deformation taken into consideration. Combined with the improved LTCA model, a new mesh stiffness calculation model for misaligned gear considering the tooth contact state is proposed, and then the effects of the contact state changes aroused by the shaft misalignment on the mesh stiffness excitation are studied. Moreover, a dynamic model of misaligned gear system with 8 degree of freedom (DOF) is established, and the dynamic characteristics of the system are simulated and finally verified by experiment. The results show that the proposed model can be used to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of the misaligned gear system with the change of gear tooth contact state taken into consideration. This study provides a theoretical method for the evaluation and identification of the shaft misalignment error.
Hypofractionated Radiation Induced the Immunogenic Death of Bladder Cancer Cells Leading to the Immune Sensitization of Dendritic Cells
Authors: Zeng Xianlin , Cui Zhonghui , wang yun , Chen Jin , Tang Fuzhou , Hu Zuquan , Luo Daiqin , Zhou Jing , Liu Lina , Qiu Wei , Ye Yuannong , Jia Yi , Zhang Shuai , Zhou Shi , Zeng Zhu , Long Jinhua 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Radiotherapy is a commonly used method in the treatment of bladder cancer (BC). Radiation induced immunogenic death (ID) and antitumor immune response are related to the prognosis of radiotherapy. As the most powerful antigen-presenting cell in the body, the role of dendritic cells (DCs) is not very clear.
Methods

Apoptosis level, cell cycle analysis and expression levels of high mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1), calreticulin (CRT) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) were performed for bladder cancer cells after hypofractionated radiotherapy. The effects of the conditioned media on DCs for antitumor immune response activation were studied as well.
Results

The significantly increased apoptosis level, G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and significantly increased HMGB1, CRT and HSP70 expressions, and increased secretion of CCL5 and CCL21 in the supernatant of bladder cancer cells after hypofractionated radiotherapy. The expression of CD80, CD86, CCR5 and CCR7 on DCs was upregulated in the conditioned media of bladder cancer cells after hypofractionated radiotherapy.
Conclusion

Hypofractionated radiation blocked the cell cycle of BC cells in the G2/M phase and induced ID occurrence, resulting in DCs immune sensitization, which is of great clinical significance in understanding the radiotherapy of BC and the immunoregulation function of DCs.
Renal Safety of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate and Entecavir in Liver Transplant Patients: A Nationwide Korean Registry Study
Authors: Lee Juhan , Lee Jae Geun , Hwang Shin , Lee Kwang-Woong , Kim Jong Man , Ryu Je Ho , Kim Bong-Wan , Choi Dong Lak , You Young Kyoung , Kim Dong-Sik , Nah Yang Won , Kang Koo Jeong , Cho Jai Young , Yu Hee Chul , Hong Geun , Choi Dongho , Moon Ju Ik , Kim Myoung Soo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background and aims: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and entecavir (ETV) have been recommended after liver transplantation to prevent recurrence of hepatitis B virus infection. Despite its proven efficacy, the renal safety of TDF has not been established in liver transplant recipients. We aimed to compare the effects of TDF and ETV on renal function in liver transplant recipients and to evaluate risk factors for renal dysfunction after liver transplantation. Methods: This is a retrospective, observational multicenter study of data from the Korean Organ Transplantation Registry. We included adults who underwent liver transplantation for hepatitis B virus-related complications from April 2014 to December 2017 and received TDF or ETV post-transplantation. Renal dysfunction was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate decline by at least 20% from baseline (1 month post-transplantation). Median duration of follow-up was 29 months (interquartile range 19–42).Results: A total of 804 liver transplant patients were included. The cumulative probability of renal dysfunction was significantly higher in the TDF group than in the ETV group. Multivariable analysis confirmed that TDF was independently associated with an increased risk of renal dysfunction (hazard ratio = 1.47, 95% confidence interval 1.12-1.92; P = 0.005). Independent risk factors for renal dysfunction included older age, worse baseline renal function, and low body mass index. Renal dysfunction after liver transplantation was independently associated with increased mortality.Conclusions: In this nationwide study, use of TDF was associated with an increased risk of renal dysfunction, when compared with ETV.
The Changes of Prostatic Microvessel Density in Sprague-Dawleyrats After Castration Under the Effect of Estrogen/ Androgen at Different Concentrations
Authors: Wang Bo , Ban Yong , Sun Zhaolin , Tian Ye , Luo Guangheng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Currently, there are relatively few studies on the effects of changes in estrogen and androgen levels on prostatic MVD.This article aimed to study the changes of prostatic MVD in SD rats after castration under the effect of estrogen/androgen at different concentrations.Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats aged 3-4 months were randomly divided into the control group, castration group, and different concentrations of estrogen/ androgen treatment after castration. Dihydrotestosterone(DHT) and estradiol(E) were administered daily by subcutaneous injection for one month. All the rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation after one month, and the serum DHT and E concentrations of the rats in each group were measured by ELISA assay. Prostate tissues specimens were immunohistochemically stained with monoclonal antibodies against CD-34 and factor VIII for the MVD.Results: Compared with the control group, the MVD decreased significantly in the castration group (P<0.05). When the exogenous E concentration was constant, in general, the MVD of rats in all the groups increased with the increase of exogenous DHT concentration; Among them, compared with the castration group, the MVD increased significantly in the E0.05+DHT0.015 mg/kg group, E0.05+DHT0.05 mg/kg group, E0.05+DHT0.15 mg/kg group, E0.05+DHT0.5 mg/kg group, and E0.05+DHT1.5 mg/kg group (P<0.05). In addition, when the exogenous DHT concentration was constant, the MVD increased with the increase of exogenous E concentration in all the groups; Among them, compared with the control and castration group, the MVD increased significantly in the DHT0.15+E0.015 mg/kg group, DHT0.15+E0.15 mg/kg group, and DHT0.15+E0.5 mg/kg group (P<0.05).Conclusions: Androgens carried an important role in the regulation of prostatic MVD in SD rats, and the decrease of DHT concentration can induce a decrease in prostatic MVD. In contrast, prostatic MVD can be increased with the increase of DHT concentration. In addition, prostatic MVD can be increased gradually with the increase of estrogen concentration.
Why Does an Obligate Autogamous Orchid Produce Insect Attractants in Nectar? – A Case Study on Epipactis Albensis (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Jakubska-Busse Anna , Czeluśniak Izabela , Kobyłka Michał J. , Hojniak Marek 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
The flowers of some species of orchids produce nectar as a reward for pollination, the process of transferring pollen from flower to flower. Epipactis albensis is an obligatory autogamous species, does not require the presence of insects for pollination, nevertheless, it has not lost the ability to produce nectar, the chemical composition of which we examined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for identification of potential insect attractants.
Results
During five years of field research, we did not observe any true pollinating insects visiting the flowers of this species, only accidental insects as ants and aphids. As a result of our studies we find that this self-pollinating orchid produces in nectar inter alia aliphatic saturated and unsaturated aldehydes such as i.e. nonanal (pelargonal) and 2-pentenal as well as aromatic ones (i.e. syringaldehyde, hyacinthin). The nectar is low in alkenes, which may explain the absence of pollinating insects. Moreover, vanillin and eugenol derivatives, well-known as important scent compounds were also identified, but the list of chemical compounds is much poorer compared with a closely related species, insect-pollinating E. helleborine.
Conclusion
Autogamy is a reproductive mechanism employed by many flowering plants, including the orchid genus Epipactis, as adaptation to grow in habitats where pollinating insects are rare observed due to the lack of nectar-producing plants they feed on. The production of numerous chemical attractants by self-pollinated E. albensis confirms the evolutionary secondary process, i.e. transition from ancestral insect-pollinating species to obligatory autogamous.
A Practical Alzheimer Disease Classifier via Brain Imaging-Based Deep Learning on 85,721 Samples
Authors: Lu Bin , Li Hui-Xian , Chang Zhi-Kai , Li Le , Chen Ning-Xuan , Zhu Zhi-Chen , Zhou Hui-Xia , Li Xue-Ying , Wang Yu-Wei , Cui Shi-Xian , Deng Zhao-Yu , Fan Zhen , Yang Hong , Chen Xiao , Thompson Paul M. , Castellanos Francisco Xavier , Yan Chao-Gan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundBeyond detecting brain lesions or tumors, comparatively little success has been attained in identifying brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Many machine learning algorithms to detect AD have been trained using limited training data, meaning they often generalize poorly when applied to scans from previously unseen populations. Therefore, we built a practical brain MRI-based AD diagnostic classifier using deep learning/transfer learning on dataset of unprecedented size and diversity. MethodsA retrospective MRI dataset pooled from more than 217 sites/scanners constituted the largest brain MRI sample to date (85,721 scans from 50,876 participants) between January 2017 and August 2021. Next, a state-of-the-art deep convolutional neural network, Inception-ResNet-V2, was built as a sex classifier with high generalization capability. The sex classifier achieved 94.9% accuracy and served as a base model in transfer learning for the objective diagnosis of AD. FindingsAfter transfer learning, the model fine-tuned for AD classification achieved 91.3% accuracy in leave-sites-out cross-validation on the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI, 6,857 samples) dataset and 94.2%/93.6%/90.5% accuracy for direct tests on three unseen independent datasets (AIBL, 669 samples / MIRIAD, 644 samples / OASIS, 1,123 samples). When this AD classifier was tested on brain images from unseen mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, MCI patients who finally converted to AD were 3 times more likely to be predicted as AD than MCI patients who did not convert (65.2% vs 20.6%). Predicted scores from the AD classifier showed significant correlations with illness severity. InterpretationIn sum, the proposed AD classifier could offer a medical-grade marker that have potential to be integrated into AD diagnostic practice.