bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competing risk model to determine the prognostic factors and treatment strategies for elderly patients with glioblastoma
Authors: Liu Zhuo-yi , Feng Song-shan , Zhang Yi-hao , Zhang Li-yang , Xu Sheng-chao , Li Jing , Cao Hui , Huang Jun , Fan Fan , Cheng Li , Jiang Jun-yi , Cheng Quan , Liu Zhi-xiong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe prognostic factors and optimal treatment for the elderly patient with glioblastoma (GBM) were poorly understood. This study extracted 4975 elderly patients (≥ 65 years old) with histologically confirmed GBM from Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. Firstly, Cumulative incidence function and cox proportional model were utilized to illustrate the interference of non-GBM related mortality in our cohort. Then, the Fine-Gray competing risk model was applied to determine the prognostic factors for GBM related mortality. Age ≥ 75 years old, white race, size > 5.4 cm, frontal lobe tumor, and overlapping lesion were independently associated with more GBM related death, while Gross total resection (GTR) (HR 0.87, 95%CI 0.80–0.94, P = 0.010), radiotherapy (HR 0.64, 95%CI 0.55–0.74, P < 0.001), chemotherapy (HR 0.72, 95%CI 0.59–0.90, P = 0.003), and chemoRT (HR 0.43, 95%CI 0.38–0.48, P < 0.001) were identified as independently protective factors of GBM related death. Based on this, a corresponding nomogram was conducted to predict 3-, 6- and 12-month GBM related mortality, the C-index of which were 0.763, 0.718, and 0.694 respectively. The calibration curve showed that there was a good consistency between the predicted and the actual mortality probability. Concerning treatment options, GTR followed by chemoRT is suggested as optimal treatment. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy alone also provide moderate clinical benefits.
Biological treatment of hazardous heavy metals by Streptomyces rochei ANH for sustainable water management in agriculture
Authors: Hamdan Amira M. , Abd-El-Mageed Heba , Ghanem Nevine 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMicrobial bioremediation of heavy metals-polluted industrial effluents has been adopted as one of the most effective eco-friendly tool to cope up with the harmful effects of metals. This study was designed to investigate the biosorption potential of marine actinomycetes isolated from the Alexandrian Mediterranean Seacoast, Egypt, with their potential use in metal remediation of industrial effluents. Among the nine marine actinomycetes isolates, Streptomyces rochei ANH showed the highest versatile metal resistance capability with MIC values of 125 mg/l for Cr6+ and 60 mg/l for both Cd2+ and Pb2+. Additionally, scanning electron micrographs showed complete disintegration of Cr6+-treated biomass compared with the control ones where spores remained intact and connected in long chains. The study also aimed to improve the percentage of Cr6+ biosorption by S. rochei ANH biomass using the statistical designs of Plackett–Burman and Box-Behnken where up to 85% of Cr6+ removal was recorded under the following conditions: pH (5), incubation temperature (30 °C), contact time (3 h), agitation speed (90 rpm), initial Cr6+ concentration (50 mg/l) and living biomass concentration (10 mg/ml). The results also showed that the percentage of Cr6+ biosorption by S. rochei ANH decreased gradually beyond these values. Moreover, the results revealed that the use of the biomass of S. rochei ANH is an effective biotechnological agent for the biological treatment of heavy metal-contaminated tannery effluent where the percentages of metal removal were in the following order: Ni2+ (100%) ≥ Cu2+  ≥ Mn2+  ≥ Fe2+  > Pb2+ (95%) ≥ Cd2+  > Cr6+ (86%). Furthermore, the treated effluent exhibited a stimulating effect on the germination process of Lepidium sativum seeds. Therefore, the present study implies that S. rochei ANH can be considered a powerful candidate to mitigate hazardous heavy metals pollution from industrial effluents and improve the water quality for agricultural purposes.
Gait analysis may distinguish progressive supranuclear palsy and Parkinson disease since the earliest stages
Authors: Amboni Marianna , Ricciardi Carlo , Picillo Marina , De Santis Chiara , Ricciardelli Gianluca , Abate Filomena , Tepedino Maria Francesca , D’Addio Giovanni , Cesarelli Giuseppe , Volpe Giampiero , Calabrese Maria Consiglia , Cesarelli Mario , Barone Paolo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractProgressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a rare and rapidly progressing atypical parkinsonism. Albeit existing clinical criteria for PSP have good specificity and sensitivity, there is a need for biomarkers able to capture early objective disease-specific abnormalities. This study aimed to identify gait patterns specifically associated with early PSP. The study population comprised 104 consecutively enrolled participants (83 PD and 21 PSP patients). Gait was investigated using a gait analysis system during normal gait and a cognitive dual task. Univariate statistical analysis and binary logistic regression were used to compare all PD patients and all PSP patients, as well as newly diagnosed PD and early PSP patients. Gait pattern was poorer in PSP patients than in PD patients, even from early stages. PSP patients exhibited reduced velocity and increased measures of dynamic instability when compared to PD patients. Application of predictive models to gait data revealed that PD gait pattern was typified by increased cadence and longer cycle length, whereas a longer stance phase characterized PSP patients in both mid and early disease stages. The present study demonstrates that quantitative gait evaluation clearly distinguishes PSP patients from PD patients since the earliest stages of disease. First, this might candidate gait analysis as a reliable biomarker in both clinical and research setting. Furthermore, our results may offer speculative clues for conceiving early disease-specific rehabilitation strategies.
The behaviour of lithium at high metallicity in the Milky Way
Authors: Charbonnel C. , Borisov S. , de Laverny P. , Prantzos N. 
Published: April 2021

Aims. We revisit large spectroscopic data sets for field stars from the literature to derive the upper Li envelope in the high metallicity regime in our Galaxy.
Methods. We take advantage of Gaia EDR3 data and state-of-the-art stellar models to precisely determine the position of the sample dwarf stars in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.
Results. The highest Li abundances are found in field metal-rich warm dwarfs from the GALAH survey, located on the hot side of the Li-dip. Their mean Li value agrees with what was recently derived for warm dwarfs in metal-rich clusters, pointing towards a continuous increase of Li up to super-solar metallicity. However, if only cool dwarfs are considered in GALAH, as done in the other literature surveys, it is found that the upper Li envelope decreases at super-solar metallicities, blurring the actual Li evolution picture. We confirm the suggestion that field and open cluster surveys that found opposite Li behaviour in the high metallicity regime do not sample the same types of stars: The first ones, with the exception of GALAH, miss warm dwarfs that can potentially preserve their original Li content.
Conclusions. Although we can discard the bending of the Li upper envelope at high metallicity derived from the analysis of cool star samples, we still need to evaluate the effects of atomic diffusion on warm, metal-rich early-F and late-A type dwarfs before deriving the actual Li abundance at high metallicity.
Wie sollte Yoga in der Therapie der Anorexia nervosa ausgeführt werden? Eine qualitative Pilotstudie zu hilfreich erlebten Yoga-Strategien aus Sicht von Patientinnen
Authors: Schindke Corinna , Gisch Ulrike A. , Gumz Antje 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungEine veränderte Interozeption ist ein zentrales Korrelat der Anorexia nervosa (AN) und stellt einen potentiellen Ansatz in der Genesung der AN dar. Erste Ergebnisse zur Wirksamkeit von Yoga als körperorientierte Methode in der Therapie der AN sind vielversprechend. Dennoch liegen bislang unzureichende empirische Befunde bezüglich der Frage vor, auf welche Weise Yoga-Strategien und Yoga-Elemente wie Körperhaltungen, Entspannungs-, Atem-, und Meditationsübungen eingesetzt werden sollten. Vor diesem Hintergrund führten wir eine qualitative Pilotstudie mit einer Stichprobe von n=6 Patientinnen mit AN durch, die sich im Anschluss an eine klinische stationäre Behandlung in einer pädagogisch-therapeutischen Facheinrichtung der Jugend- und Eingliederungshilfe (SGB VIII/XII) befanden. Die Studienteilnehmerinnen erhielten eine einstündige Hatha-Yoga-Intervention über mindestens 12 Wochen. Nach der Yoga-Intervention wurden ½- bis 1-stündige halbstrukturierte Leitfadeninterviews zu den Erfahrungen mit den verwendeten Yoga-Strategien durchgeführt. Die Interviews wurden mittels Grounded Theory ausgewertet. Auf der obersten Analyseebene wurden 4 Kategorien differenziert: Angaben 1) zum Beschwerdebild der Studienteilnehmerinnen, 2) zu als hilfreich erlebten Elementen des therapeutischen Rahmens, 3) zu als hilfreich erlebten Yoga-Strategien sowie 4) zu subjektiv wahrgenommenen Konsequenzen der Yoga-Strategien. Bezüglich der als hilfreich erlebten Yoga-Strategien ergaben die Analysen 4 Subkategorien: Merkmale 1) der Bewegungselemente, 2) der Meditations- und Atemübungen, 3) der Entspannungsübungen sowie 4) allgemeine Hinweise zur Durchführung. Die Ergebnisse geben erste Hinweise für die Konzeption von Yoga in der Therapie der AN und zu potentiellen Wirkmechanismen. Weiterführende qualitative sowie quantitative Studien zu u. a. Wirksamkeit, Kontraindikationen oder Mediator- sowie Moderatorvariablen sind erforderlich, um das Potenzial von Yoga in der Therapie der AN noch besser bewerten zu können.
Role of CEUS in Vascular Pathology
Authors: Cantisani Vito , Di Leo Nicola , David Emanuele , Clevert Dirk-André 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn recent years, the implementation of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in clinical practice has opened new horizons in the arterial pathologies research field, since this technique is able to supply new sets of data that can be crucial in patient management. The main applications of CEUS in the arterial system are the detection, characterization, and follow-up of carotid plaques and endoleaks after EVAR. Other situations in which CEUS was demonstrated to be a useful tool are large vessel vasculitis, dissections, and untreated aneurysms. In carotid atherosclerosis CEUS is not only able to acquire quantitative data about stenosis but also to perform a qualitative assessment of the plaque. The most important plaque features that CEUS is able to depict are ulceration, neovascularization, and the presence of inflammatory infiltrates. All of these factors contribute to plaque vulnerability. Thus, CEUS is crucial in order to allow better risk stratification and management of patients. In follow-up after EVAR, CEUS shows sensitivity and specificity values similar to CTA while ensuring several advantages, such as lower cost and the absence of ionizing radiation and nephrotoxic agents. Moreover, CEUS is able to offer real-time evaluation of endoleaks and thus is a useful tool in cases that are ambiguous on CTA. Most limitations are patient-related and are the same as in all other ultrasound techniques, such as high BMI and meteorism.
Früherkennung von psychischer Komorbidität in der
stationären dermatologischen und internistischen Versorgung: Darstellung
eines neuen Versorgungskonzeptes
Authors: Kohlmann Sebastian , Köster Felix-Wilhelm , Braunschneider Lea-Elena , Meier Anja Hermann , Lohse Ansgar W. , Schneider Stefan W. , Loeper Siobhan , Löwe Bernd 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDieser Artikel erläutert die Entwicklung und Implementierung einer
psychosomatischen Früherkennungsmaßnahme in der
stationären somatischen Versorgung. Circa jede:r sechste
stationär somatisch behandelte Patient:in ist von einer psychischen
Störung betroffen. Schätzungen gehen davon aus, dass nur die
Hälfte der Betroffenen korrekt erkannt wird. Folglich bleibt ein
Großteil der Patienten unbehandelt. Um diese Versorgungslücke zu
adressieren, wurde eine psychosomatische Früherkennungsmaßnahme
von einer interdisziplinären Arbeitsgruppe entwickelt. Die Erkennung
basiert auf dem Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4). Der PHQ-4 ist ein
psychometrisch sehr gut evaluierter ultra-kurzer Screening-Fragebogen zur
Erkennung von depressiven Störungen und Angststörungen.
Für die Implementierung in der stationären Routineversorgung
wurde der PHQ-4 als Formular in die elektronische Patientenakte programmiert.
Dieses Formular wird beim Aufnahmegespräch durch Mitarbeitende der
Pflege durchgeführt. Ergibt das PHQ-4 Screening-Ergebnis einen Hinweis
auf das Vorliegen einer psychischen Komorbidität und
äußert der Patient Bedarf, wird automatisch ein
psychosomatisches Konsil beauftragt. Die Umsetzung in die klinische Routine
erfolgte auf vier internistischen sowie drei dermatologischen Stationen des
Universitätsklinikums Hamburg-Eppendorf. Die in der elektronischen
Patientenakte implementierte Früherkennung ist eine minimal
aufwändige, wenig zeitintensive und praktikable Methode, Patienten durch
eine schnelle interdisziplinäre Weiterverweisung ganzheitlich zu
versorgen. Eine Evaluation der Kosten-Effektivität, der klinischen
Effizienz sowie der Akzeptanz steht noch aus.
Aza-Peterson Olefinations: Rapid Synthesis of (E)-Alkenes
Authors: Britten Thomas K. , McLaughlin Mark G. , Basson Ashley J. , Roberts Dean D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAn aza-Peterson olefination methodology to access 1,3-dienes and stilbene derivatives from the corresponding allyl- or benzyltrimethylsilane is described. Silanes can be deprotonated using Schlosser’s base and added to N-phenyl imines or ketones to directly give the desired products in high yields.
Cyanoacetylenic Alcohols: Molecules of Interstellar Relevance in the Synthesis of Essential Heterocycles, Amino Acids, Nucleobases and Nucleosides
Authors: Trofimov Boris A. , Mal’kina Anastasiya G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCyanoacetylenic alcohols, R1R2C(OH)C≡C–CN, the closest derivatives of cyanoacetylene, an abundant interstellar molecule, are now becoming important compounds in the area of modern organic synthesis that tends to mimic Nature. The presence of highly reactive C≡C and C≡N bonds in close proximity to a hydroxy group endows cyanoacetylenic alcohols with a chemical trinity of mutually influencing functions, leading to a myriad number of chemical transformations. All reactions of cyanoacetylenic alcohols parallel modern organic synthesis, whilst being biomimetic. To react, they do not need transition metals (and in most cases, no metals at all, except for physiologically indispensable Na+ and K+), proceed at ambient temperature and often in aqueous media. Fundamentally, their reactions are 100% atom-economic because they are almost exclusively addition processes. Typically, the cyano, acetylene and hydroxy functions of cyanoacetylenic alcohols behave as an inseparable entity, leading to reaction products with multiple functional groups. This allows hydroxy, carbonyl, carboxylic, imino, amino, amido, cyanoamido, cyano, various P-containing, ether and ester functions, along with double bonds, different fundamental heterocycles (furans, furanones, pyrazoles, oxazoles, pyridines, pyrimidines, purines, etc.) and diverse polycyclic systems to be integrated in a single molecular architecture. This review focuses on an analysis and generalization of the knowledge that has accumulated on the chemistry of cyanoacetylenic alcohols, mostly over the past 15 years.1	Introduction2	Nucleophilic Addition to Cyanoacetylenic Alcohols and Subsequent Transformations of the Adducts3	Annulation with Nonaromatic Nitrogen Heterocycles4	Annulation with Aromatic Nitrogen Heterocycles5	Modification of Amino Acids6	Modifications of Nucleobases7	Modification of Nucleosides8	Conclusion
N-Selenocyanato-Dibenzenesulfonimide: A New Electrophilic Selenocyanation Reagent
Authors: Chen Zhi-Min , Zhu Deng , Ye Ai-Hui 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA new electrophilic selenocyanation reagent N-seleno­cyanato-dibenzenesulfonimide was readily prepared in two steps from commercially available dibenzenesulfonimide for the first time. A variety of electrophilic selenocyanato reactions of nucleophiles have been achieved using it as selenocyanato source under mild and simple conditions. Numerous SeCN-containing compounds were obtained in moderate to excellent yields. Meanwhile, a Lewis acid mediated tandem selenocyanation/cyclization reaction of alkenes with phenols, which provided simple methods for the formation of various SeCN-containing chromanes and dihydrobenzofurans in moderate to good yields, has also been developed.
A Sos proteomimetic as a pan-Ras inhibitor
Authors: Hong Seong Ho , Yoo Daniel Y. , Conway Louis , Richards-Corke Khyle C. , Parker Christopher G. , Arora Paramjit S. 
Published: April 2021

Significance
Oncogenic Ras isoforms are the subject of intense study due to the difficulty in targeting these biomedically important yet “undruggable” proteins. Recent success in covalent targeting of a Ras mutant illustrates avenues for ligand design; however, many mutant Ras forms do not feature appropriately-placed nucleophiles, suggesting that strategies for noncovalent engagement of Ras are required. We report the design of a conformationally-defined proteomimetic that reproduces a key binding surface of Sos, a well-characterized effector of Ras. The proteomimetic binds wild-type and various mutant forms of Ras and modulates downstream signaling. Significantly, the compound shows enhanced internalization and selective toxicity toward cancer cells that up-regulate macropinocytosis. We anticipate these studies will foster new therapeutic modalities to engage mutant Ras.
A review of geometric and structural design for reliable flexible electronics
Authors: Yoo Jae-Young , Yang Jae-Soon , Chung Myung-Kun , Kim Sung-Ho , Yoon Jun-Bo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Recently, flexible electronics have attracted significant attention as they can be integrated on diverse platforms from curved to flexible surfaces. As flexible electronics are used on a curved surface of wearable or manufacturing devices for health and system monitoring, the working environment of such applications forces electronics to be exposed to diverse stimuli such as deformation, temperature, humidity, and gas, resulting in performance changes. Therefore, rather than research on improving the specific performance of electronics, research on maintaining a stable performance in various environmental stimuli has been receiving tremendous interest. Reflecting the latest research trends, this paper introduces efforts in structural designs heading for both improving and maintaining the performance of flexible electronics in diverse environmental stimuli. Firstly, we will sequentially explain the geometric and structural designs introduced for achieving (a) reliable electronics insensitive to undesired mechanical stimuli, (b) reliable electronics in harsh environments, and (c) flexible electrodes. Also, (d) diverse applications of reliable and flexible electronics are introduced. Finally, a perspective on reliable and flexible electronic devices has been presented for suggesting next-generation research.
Interaction between negative corona discharge and droplet emission from liquid Taylor cone
Authors: Nakagawa Yusuke , Nagao Keisuke , Tochikubo Fumiyoshi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We investigated the behavior of droplets, the Taylor cone tip, and discharge current characteristics in electrospraying with negative corona discharge, and analyzed the interaction among them in the time scale of several micro seconds. Negative corona discharges using 1 wt% sodium dodecyl sulfate solution or ethylene glycol as liquid cathode were investigated, and the discharge current pulse had a distinctive structure with serial pulse trains. The pulse train structure indicated that the discharges from the Taylor cone are in the form of Trichel pulses with a dynamic cathode. We found that the electric field, liquid conductivity, and liquid viscosity had no significant effect on the discharge current characteristics, with the exception of the current peak value, whereas a higher electric field or higher liquid viscosity led to extended pulse train intervals and durations. These effects can be attributed to the change in time scale of the cone tip curvature variation. The above results indicate that the curvature radius of the cone tip dominates the discharges from the Taylor cone. The emission and transfer of droplets between electrodes were observed using back-lit images and Mie-scattered light images taken by a high-speed camera. The droplet emission was synchronized with the leading current in the Trichel pulses. The terminal velocity of the droplets transferring discharge gap was proportional to the revised electric field. The experimental results indicate that the droplet emission mechanism from the Taylor cone with discharges is supposed to differ from that without discharges explained by the Rayleigh limit. The reasonable explanation for the droplet emission mechanism is that the droplets are torn off the liquid cone tip by the strong electric field associated with discharges.
Theoretical insights into the mechanism of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on pristine BiVO4 (001) and BiVO4 (110) surfaces in acidic medium both in the gas and solution (water) phases
Authors: Bhatt Mahesh Datt , Lee Jin Yong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Monoclinic scheelite bismuth vanadate is an efficient photocatalyst for water splitting. In this paper, we perform DFT + U calculations to investigate the structural, electronic, and optical properties, water adsorption and the oxygen evolution reaction processes on BiVO4 (001) and BiVO4 (110) surfaces in acidic medium both in the gas and solution (water) phases. The structural, electronic, optical, and water adsorption properties reveal that BiVO4 (001) surface is energetically more stable than BiVO4 (110) surface in vacuum. On other hand, the water oxidation mechanisms reveal that BiVO4 (110) surface in water and in strained form in vacuum is energetically more stable than BiVO4 (001) surface in water and in strained form in vacuum both U = 0 and 2.1 V. The free energy of adsorption for all systems at U = 2.1 V reduce about 2 times than that at U = 0 V. Such analyzes provide important insights into the role of different facets on BiVO4 surface for photocatalytic reactions.