bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoelectron emission via time and phase-tailored electromagnetic fields
Authors: Wätzel Jonas , Hahn Johannes , Berakdar Jamal 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The energy and the angular distributions of photoelectrons are shown to be tunable by choosing the time and the spatial phase structure of the driving fields. These conclusions are derived from quantum mechanical calculations done within a single-active electron model for an atomic target subjected to a combination of laser field and a time-asymmetric THz pulse and/or vortex-laser pulse with a spatially modulated phase of the wavefront.
Effects of the shape of curvature peaks on the size of primordial black holes
Authors: Escrivà Albert , Romano Antonio Enea 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We simulate numerically the formation of spherically symmetric primordial black holes (PBHs) seeded by different families of primordial curvature perturbations profiles in a radiation dominated Friedman-Robertson-Walker (FRW) Universe. We have studied the dependency on the curvature profile of the initial mass M
BH,i of the PBHs at the time of apparent horizon formation t
AH, and the final mass M
BH,f after the accretion process, using an excision technique, comparing M
BH,i to previous analytical estimations obtained using a compensated PBHs model approach. The analytical estimations are in agreement with numerical results, except for large values of the initial perturbation amplitude, when the compensated model is less accurate. The masses M
BH,f and M
BH,i do not depend only on the shape around the compaction function peak, but on the full profile of the initial curvature perturbation. We also estimate the accretion effects, and for PBHs with masses relevant for the dark matter abundance, with a final mass equal to the horizon crossing mass, we find M
BH,f ≈ 3 M
BH,i.
PDE-solved by boundary element method for electrical impedance tomography
Authors: Rymarczyk T , Polakowski K , Sikora J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this article a new version of the algorithm for Electrical Impedance Tomography is presented. By describing the problem with differential equations brought to integral equations, the algorithm can be used for many types of tomography. The approach used is particularly useful where it is not possible to formulate boundary conditions at the outer boundary of the region. Influence of the proximity effect on precision of imaging was considered.
A structured light image quality evaluation method based on no-reference quality assessment
Authors: Ji W Z , Xue Q , Sun X H , Sun P P , Meng H 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Affected by noise, color, and light blocking, there are some large error data contained in the results of structured light 3D measurement. In the absence of effective criterion, the data can only be recognized artificially. In this paper, a criterion based on Human Vision System (HVS), which can be applied to recognize the large error data by evaluating the noise variance level of the stripe images, and a method used to improve the level of measurement accuracy are proposed. According to the proposed method, the no-reference quality assessment is used to evaluate the quality of stripe images. With the noise evaluation coefficient, the large error data can be identified automatically. The experimental results show that this method is efficient in detecting large error data in the stripe images.
Three-dimensional reconstruction method based on jitter optimization
Authors: Liang Peichen , Zheng Weixin , Xu Xiao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
For obtaining richer visual information and eliminating mismatched points faster, a jitter-optimized 3D reconstruction algorithm is proposed. First, we built a stereo vision system that can capture images from multiple views of a jittering plane mirror. A vector-based method is defined to evaluate the performance of 3D point cloud and predict the optimal jittering state of the object, and then select robust feature points with integration optimization strategy. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can efficiently eliminate mismatched points and supplement robust features. Furthermore, selecting a reasonable visual angle of the binocular cameras will significantly improve the effect of jitter optimization, and higher-quality reconstruction will be obtained. The proposed method can solve the difficult problem to change the pose of the object or adjust the position of the binocular cameras to capture images from multiple views.
Research Summary of Blockchain Fragmentation Propagation Mechanism Based on Merkel Tree
Authors: Liwei Tian , Yu Sun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
At present, when the blockchain system propagates blocks, it is a point-to-point propagation of complete blocks. This method has three shortcomings: the propagation load is large; the message can only be received from one node; only after the complete block is received, can it be propagated to other nodes. Therefore, this article considers changing the block’s Merkel tree data structure to minimize the data size during block propagation while ensuring that the receiving node can reconstruct the correct and complete block. On the other hand, in order to be able to receive blocks from multiple nodes at the same time and relay to other nodes when incompletely received, the blocks are fragmented and then reorganized. At the same time, the correctness of a single fragment can also be verified.
Support grid integration of offshore wind power
Authors: Han Xingning , Zhao Feifei , Ma Jinlong , Ye Xueshun , Sun Yong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
China has a cumulative installed offshore wind capacity of 6.8 GW, making it the third largest in the world. Compared with Europe, which is the largest offshore wind power market, there are still gaps to substantially tapping the offshore wind potentials of China. This paper aims to investigate advanced experience of offshore wind power, and explore innovative approaches for offshore wind deployment and grid integration in China. Development and issues caused by offshore wind power in UK, Germany and Denmark have been investigated, including technological progress, curtailment, and network congestion and redispatch needs. The grid integration approaches to re-enforcement of network to accommodate offshore wind power are also analysed. Contrastive analysis is taken about stakeholders and planning process of offshore wind among UK, Germany, and Denmark. Construction suggestions are proposed for the development of offshore wind power in China during the 14th Five Year Plan period.
Optimization Decision Method based on Nonlinear Analytic Hierarchy Process for Active Distribution Network Planning
Authors: Zheng Xuejun , Hu Xin , Li Jingsong , Li Yan , Luo Xiaotong , Wang Shaorong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aiming at the investment environment of the distribution network, this paper deeply analyses the investment conditions of the distribution network, introduces the analytic hierarchy process and modern investment theory, establishes the analytic hierarchy of the investment conditions in the distribution network project, and proposes an optimization decision-making method of investment plan in distribution network. This paper also establishes two new concepts: condition score and correlation score, uses the improving analytic hierarchy process to calculate the weights, proposes a priority ranking method for distribution network projects, and gives detailed process. to formulate distribution network investment plans. The application of the proposed method to optimize the distribution network planning scheme shows that the optimization investment scheme given has better investment benefits under the condition of the power supply reliability requirements of the distribution network and investment capital constraints.
An integrated energy system scheduling optimization method considering economy, stability and environmental protection
Authors: Lou Qinghui , Chen Jun , Niu Honghai , Qiu Rui , Wu Jun , Gao Yuan , Ma Xiangzhui , Guan Xiaocheng , Ouyang Jun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, first, an energy efficiency evaluation method including economy, stability and environmental protection was given. Second, a mathematical model of the integrated energy system and a single-objective economic optimization model under different operation conditions, which add renewable energy and power storage equipment and could be solved based on the greedy algorithm, were given to improve the energy efficiency. Finally, an integrated energy system including wind power, photovoltaics, power storage equipment and conventional loads was taken as an example. Considering the time-of-use electricity price and the full utilization of energy storage, 4 optimization plans were set up for comprehensive energy efficiency evaluation and comparison. The result shows that the energy efficiency evaluation method proposed in this paper is practical and feasible, and the optimization method proposed plays a guiding role in the operation of similar parks.
Zinc and cerium synergistically enhance the mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and osteogenic activity of magnesium as resorbable biomaterials
Authors: Behera Manisha , Rajput Monika , Acharya Srijan , Nadammal Naresh , Suwas Satyam , Chatterjee Kaushik 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Magnesium and its alloys have the potential to serve as a revolutionary class of biodegradable materials, specifically in the field of degradable implants for orthopedics. However, the corrosion rate of commercially pure magnesium is high and does not match the rate of regeneration of bone tissues. In this work, magnesium alloys containing zinc and cerium, either alone or in combination, were investigated and compared with commercially-pure magnesium as biomaterials. The microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and response of osteoblasts in vitro were systematically assessed. Results reveal that alloying with Ce results in grain refinement and weakening of texture. The tensile test revealed that the ternary alloy offered the best combination of elastic modulus (41.1 ± 0.5 GPa), tensile strength (234.5 ± 4.5 MPa), and elongation to break (17.1 ± 0.4%). The ternary alloy was also the most resistant to corrosion (current of 0.85 ± 0.05 × 10−4 A cm−2) in simulated body fluid than the other alloys. The response of MC3T3-E1 cells in vitro revealed that the ternary alloy imparts minimal cytotoxicity. Interestingly, the ternary alloy was highly efficient in supporting osteogenic differentiation, as revealed by the expression of alkaline phosphatase and calcium deposition. In summary, the extruded Mg alloy containing both Zn and Ce exhibits a combination of mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and cell response that is highly attractive for engineering biodegradable orthopedic implants.
Remote climate change propagation across the oceans—the directional swell signature
Authors: Lemos Gil , Semedo Alvaro , Hemer Mark , Menendez Melisa , Miranda Pedro M A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The energy content of wind-waves is propagated across the oceans in the form of swell waves, the main drivers of long-term changes in coastal morphology and offshore hazards. A state-of-the-art swell tracking algorithm is applied to a global ensemble of CMIP5 dynamic wave climate projections, to assess future changes in remotely originated swell events towards the end of the 21st century, and how they propagate. The contribution of multiple wave generation areas is considered. It is found that the projected climate change signal is effectively propagated from the winds along the extratropical storm tracks to remote locations, in the tropical and subtropical latitudes, through swell waves. The statistically significant projected changes in swell wave heights and swell predominance at the remote swell arrival locations are comparable with the ones at the wave generation areas. Furthermore, different incoming directions for swell events at remote locations are shown to often carry opposite climate change signals, propagated from different remote origins. These results highlight the need for a directional approach on wave climate projections, critical for improved vulnerability assessments and adaptation measures from the climate community.
Impact of commercial cellulase enzyme on the quality of Clinacanthus nutans extracts
Authors: Kasim K F , Husin N , Shamsudin S , Amer N A M , Salleh N H M , Sofian-Seng N S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The use of enzymes such as cellulase and pectinase to aid in the fruit and vegetable juice extraction is a common practice. However, this practice is very limited in the production of juice or extract from green leaves. This study was carried out to evaluate the impact of commercial cellulase enzyme on the volume yield recovery, total chlorophyll and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity of the Clinacanthus nutans leaves and stem. Leaves extract showed higher volume yield recovery, total chlorophyll content and DPPH scavenging activities (0.72±0.02 mL, 50.10±3.96 mg/L and 70% respectively) compared to the stem extract (0.60 ± 0.1 mL, 39.70 ± 4.73 mg/L and 25% respectively). It was also found that the cellulase enzyme concentrations were proportional to the volume yield recovery, and DPPH scavenging activity of the C. nutans extract over time. However, there was no significant effect of enzyme concentration on the total chlorophyll content. The results obtained can be considered very satisfactory and cellulase enzyme can be considered to be used in the aqueous extraction of C. nutans to aid the extraction process in order to increase the volume yield recovery, total chlorophyll content and DPPH scavenging activities.
Evaluation of biodegradable activity of film from chicken feather keratin
Authors: Hasyierah M S Noor , Lim W J , Munirah R Noor , Rahayu M Alina , Zafifah Z , Farihan K Khairul 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The disposal of plastic caused serious environmental pollution to both land and sea. Chicken feather wastes also contributed to pollution problem and its value has not been fully utilized. This study aimed to produce biodegradable film by utilizing keratin extracted from chicken feathers. Initially, the keratin was extracted from chicken feather prior to the optimization of the keratin biofilm towards the tensile strength. The involved parameters were ratio of keratin toglycerol, ratio of keratin to PVA and drying temperature. The biofilm was proceeded to morphological, chemical structure and colour characterization analysis using SEM, FTIR and chromameter, respectively. The keratin obtained was 0.1296mg/ml. The obtained keratin was then used in the formulation of biofilm. The biofilm with 40:50:10 (volume ratio of keratin: PVA:glycerol) dried at 60°C showed the optimum tensile strength. The FTIR showed the presence of amide and hydroxyl groups. From biodegradability test, it was proven that blend of keratin, PVA and glycerol films can be degraded by microorganisms in soil in which films with higher concentration of glycerol degrading faster compared to those with lesser glycerol concentration. Thus, it can be concluded that the chicken feather keratin offers an alternative as biofilm for biodegradable plastic.
Identification of chemical compounds from agarwood hydrosol (Aquilaria malaccensis) fruits via LC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis
Authors: Azhar M A , Rahman N W A , Aziz M A A , Isa K M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Gaharu hydrosol is being considered as a by-product produced during the hydrodistillation of resinous wood part of Aquilaria spp. Agarwood hydrosol was reported to possess many bioactive compounds that are beneficial for health. However, current studies on the chemical composition of agarwood hydrosol from the fruit part are still lacking. This research presents the untargeted chemical compound of agarwood hydrosol from Aquilaria malaccensis fruit (AF) via liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS/MS) and comparison the active functional groups with industrial hydrosol grade using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Qualitative tandem LC-QTOF-MS/MS was utilised to identify compounds in the extracted sample. The data processing revealed the presence of 128 known compounds in the hydrosol from A. malaccensis fruit in negative ionization mode and only one chemical profile detected after switched to positive ionization mode. This result contains the retention times value of m/z [M - H-], [M + HCOO-], [M + H+] and similar database search hit identities of the 129 compounds detected during the LC-QTOFMS/MS analysis in Table A1 and A2.
Biotic Degradation of Plastic Hygiene Products by Using Pleurotus ostreatus
Authors: Mismisuraya M A , Yaacob Noorulnajwa Diyana , Zulkifle Nor Ain Najihah 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Degradation is any physical or chemical adjustment in polymer due to environment factor, such as heat, moisture, light, chemical conditions and biological activity. The aim of this work was to determine the biotic degradation efficiency of plastic hygiene products by using Pleurotus ostreatus. Sanitary pads and diapers were used as samples. All the samples will be exposed to the Pleurotus ostreatus for 90 days. The degradation efficiencies were analysed based on tensile reduction, morphology and chemical properties of the samples by using universal tensile machine, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), respectively. The tensile reduction percentage for all samples was increase. The morphology and chemical properties of the samples also showed some changes after undergoes 90 days degradation.
Utilizing Lignosulfonate from Coconut Husk as Sacrificial Agent to Reduce Surfactant Adsorption
Authors: Daud N M A N , Jaafar W M K W , Ismail N , Junin R , Manan M A. , Idris A K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The adsorption of surfactants from aqueous solutions in porous media is essential in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) from oil reservoirs. Surfactant loss that is due to adsorption by the reservoir rocks weakens the efficiency of the chemical slurry that is injected and decreases the oil-water interfacial tension (IFT). One of the ways to reduce the reduction is by using a sacrificial agent. This project will focus on utilizing the lignosulfonate (LS) from coconut husk as a sacrificial agent to reduce the surfactant adsorption. Lignin was extracted from coconut husk before sulfonated using sodium sulphite, Na 2SO 3 to form lignosulfonate. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to characterize the lignin and lignosulfonate and compare them with the commercial product. The batch experiment then conducted using a clay mineral of illite as the adsorbent. Two types of surfactants were studied; anionic (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-SDS) and non-ionic (4-octylphenol polyethoxylate-TX100). The amount of adsorbed surfactant was determined by measuring the surfactant critical micelle concentration (CMC) before and after the adsorption tests. The result in the batch experiment shows that LS reduced the surfactant adsorption on illite by about 54.2% for SDS and 42.6% for TX100. This showed that lignosulfonate has the potential as a sacrificial agent to minimize the surfactant adsorption, and agriculture waste like coconut husk can be utilized for this purpose.
Adsorption of carbon dioxide (CO 2) by activated carbon derived from waste coffee grounds
Authors: Lim H K , Ali U F Md , Ahmad R , Aroua M K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Currently, three are several agricultural bio-based materials have been successfully utilized as gas adsorbents. In this study, waste coffee grounds (WCGs) have been selected as a potential precursor of Carbon Dioxide (CO 2) adsorbents. The preparation parameters for activated carbon derived from WCGs were optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The optimized preparation parameters were found to be 1:3.67 impregnation ratio of acid, 533°C of carbonization temperature and 1.13 hours of activation time, which resulted in 23.6 wt% of yield. The physical and chemical characteristics of WCGAC in terms of surface morphology, carbon content, ash content and yield were also investigated. The CO 2 breakthrough time using WCGAC were carried out at the temperatures of 30, 40, and 60°C. It was found that WCGAC shows a longer CO 2 breakthrough times (5 mins) and a higher adsorption capacity (4.33 mg CO2/g adsorbent) at 30°C.
Anaerobic co-digestion of chicken manure with energy crop residues for biogas production
Authors: Dawi Cahyono N.A , Shamsuddin M.R. , Ayoub M. , Mansor N. , Isa N.H.M. , Nagoor Gunny A.A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Biogas or bio-methane is an alternative energy source produced by anaerobic digestion (AD) technology whereby the organic matter is degraded by naturally present microorganisms and converted into a combustible gas. This paper focus on the utilization of anaerobic codigestion (AcoD) method since biogas yield so far remains minimum based on mono-digestion alone due to low energy content. In this work, empty fruit bunch (EFB), oil palm frond (OPF) and sugarcane bagasse (SB) are being used as co-digestion additive since energy crop residues are known for its high carbon and energy content to enhance the process. A series of five 1.5L reactors were set up for a mesophilic condition at temperature 40°C, with initial pH range of 7-8, for 60 days of retention time. The mono-digestion reactor of chicken manure is labelled as DC1, and the co-digestion reactors with sugarcane bagasse, OPF and EFB are labelled as DSB, DOPF and DEFB, respectively. The recorded C/N ratio of co-digestion reactors were improved to be in a favourable range of 15 to 35 with DSB being the highest at 17.74 compared to that of control reactor at 11.35. As a result, total biogas production for DSB increases up to 36% due to its significantly high carbon content from sugarcane bagasse that provide stability for the bacterial growth and its activities. Sugarcane bagasse act as a good carbon source for the AD system, thus enhance the methane production. On the other hand, DOPF and DEFB give 13% and 41% lesser total biogas volume, however, produces much higher methane concentration compared to the control reactor. This shows that DOPF and DEFB give a higher methane yield which defines the more stability and efficiency of digestion process.
Amine Functionalized Carbon-based Soybean Curd Residues (SCR) as Potential Adsorbent for Carbon Dioxide Adsorption
Authors: Zakaria D S , Rozi S K Mahmad , Halim H N Abdul , Mohamad S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Currently, carbon dioxide (CO 2) capture can preserve environmental quality by using carbon-based adsorbent. In this research, Polyethylenehexamine (PEHA) functionalized carbon-based soybean curd residues (carbonized SCR-PEHA) was prepared for CO 2 adsorption. Analysis of functional groups of the prepared adsorbent using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), confirmed the functionalization of PEHA on the carbonized SCR. CO 2 uptake of the carbonized SCR-PEHA was compared with the bare SCR using Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) analysis. TGA results revealed that the adsorption capacity of CO 2 for carbonized SCR-PEHA and bare SCR are 8.816 mg/g and 3.027 mg/g respectively. It was observed that functionalization of the PEHA on the surface of carbonized SCR had improved the adsorption capacity of CO 2 by 2.92 times as compared to bare SCR. The phenomenon can be explained from the interaction of the CO 2 with the available amine sites provided for the carbonized SCR-PEHA which significantly improved the CO 2 adsorption. Hence, the carbonized SCR-PEHA demonstrate potential adsorbent for CO 2.