bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Mengenal Angka Melalui Pendekatan Realistik Matematik (RME) Pada Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun di TK Pertiwi 14.11.3 Sadangwetan Kecamatan Sadang Kabupaten Kebumen
Authors: Supriaji Ujud , Soliyah  
Published: October 2021

Abstrak

Penelitian tindak kelas (PTK) ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui : Untuk meningkatan kemampuan mengenal angkamelalui pendekatan realistik matematik education (RME) pada anak usia 5-6 tahun Di TK Pertiwi 14.11.3 Sadangwetan Kecamatan Sadang Kabupaten Kebumen
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dengan dua siklus, setiap siklus terdiri dari dua kali pertemuan. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilaksanakan melalui tiga alur, yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaa, observasi dan refleksi. Sedangkan metode pengumpulan data menggunakan, observasi dan dokumentasi.
hasil penelitian dan pembahasan yang dikemukakan maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan mengenal angka anak usia 5-6 tahun TK 14.11.3 Sadangweatan Kecamatan Sadang Kabupaten Kebumen dapat meningkat melalui pendekatan realistic matematik education (RME) kemampuan mengenal huruf pada anak didik usia 5-6 tahun dapat dilihat dari hasil observasi yang diperoleh pada setiap siklus yang mengalami peningkatan. Dari hasil observasi menunjukkan pada pra siklus menunjukkan ketuntasan belajar dengan kriteria baik dari 25 anak didik hanya 6 (24%) anak didik dengan kreteria baik, sebanyak 12 (48%) dengan kriteria cukup, sedangkan 7 (28%) anak didik dengan kriteria kurang. Siklus I menunjukkan ketuntasan belajar dengan kriteria baik dari 25 anak didik sebanyak 10 (40%) anak didik dengan katagori baik , sebanyak 12 (48%) dengan kriteria cukup, sedangkan 3 (612%) anak didik dengan kriteria kurang. Sedangkan Siklus II menunjukkan ketuntasan belajar dengan kriteria baik dari 25 anak didik sebanyak 21 (84%) anak didik dengan katagori baik, sebanyak 4 (16%) dengan kriteria cukup, sedangkan 0 (0%) anak didik dengan kriteria kurang.

Kata Kunci : Pendekatan Realistic Matematik Education (RME), Mengenal angka, anak usia 5-6 tahun
upaya meningkatan keterampilan melukis melalui pendekatan contextual teaching and learning(ctl) pada anak usia 5-6 tahu di Tk Muslimat NU 19 Al iksan kecamatan sadang kabupten kebumen
Authors: Supriaji Ujud , Habibah Umi 
Published: October 2021

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan Untuk meningkatkan keterampilan melukis melalui pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) pada anak usia 5-6 Tahun TK Muslimat NU 19 Al Ikhsan Kecamatan Sadang Kabupaten Kebumen Tahun 2020.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dengan dua siklus, setiap siklus terdiri dari dua kali pertemuan. yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaa, observasi dan refleksi. Sedangkan metode pengumpulan data menggunakan test, post test, observasi dan dokumentasi.
Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa: kreativitas melukis pada anak usia 5-6 tahun di TK Muslimat 19 Al-Ikhsan Kecamatan Sadang Kabupaten Kebumen dapat meningkat melalui penerapan pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) . Peningkatan kreativitas mearnai pada anak didik Kelompok A dapat dilihat dari hasil observasi yang diperoleh pada setiap siklus yang mengalami pengingkatan. Dari hasil observasi menunjukkan pada pra siklus menunjukkan ketentuan belajar dengan kriteria baik dari 25 anak didik hanya 7 (28%) anak didik, sebanyak 17 (68%) anak didik dengan kriteria cukup sedangkan 1 (4%) anak didik dengan kriteria kurang. Sikus I menunjukkan ketuntasan belajar dengan kriteria baik dari 25 anak didik sebanyak 12 (48%) anak didik dengan kriteria baik, 13 (52%) anak didik dengan kriteria sedang dan 0 (0%) dengan kriteria kurang. Sedangkan Sikus II menunjukkan ketuntasan belajar dengan kriteria baik dari 25 anak didik sebanyak 22 (88%) anak didik dengan kriteria baik, 3 (12%) anak didik dengan kriteria sedang dan 0 (0%) dengan kriteria kurang.
Kata Kunci : pendekatan pembelajaran. Contextual Teaching And Learning.
Perancangan Sistem Informasi Pengolahan Nilai Rapor Berbasis Web di SMK Ma'arif 6 Ayah
Authors: Hasim Iswanto Mukhamad , Triono Agus 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRAK

Berdasarkan observasi yang dilakukan, pengolahan nilai rapor di SMK Ma’arif 6 Ayah saat ini masih bersifat manual, sehingga banyak waktu dan tenaga diperlukan untuk melakukan tugas tersebut. Selain itu pembagian rapor juga masih secara konvensional karena orang tua siswa harus datang ke sekolah untuk mengambilnya, karena alasan tersebut diperlukan aplikasi rapor yang dapat meningkatkan pelayanan kepada siswa secara cepat dalam hal pembagian nilai rapor sekaligus memudahkan guru-guru dalam mengisikan rapor.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merancang aplikasi pengolahan nilai berbasis web. Dalam perancangan aplikasi ini penulis menggunakan tahapan-tahapan dari pengembangan SDLC dengan model proses Waterfall. Perancangan sistem informasi pengolahan nilai rapor berbasis web ini dapat meningkatkan kualitas pengolahan nilai rapor di SMK Ma’arif 6 Ayah.
Bahasa pemrograman yang penulis gunakan adalah PHP dan menggunakan database MySQL. Untuk menguji kelayakan sistem, penulis menggunakan blak bock testing. Hasil akhir dari penelitian ini adalah pembuatan aplikasi rapor SMK Ma’arif 6 Ayah berbasis web.

KataKunci : Rapor Berbasis Web, PHP, MySQL
Misleiding tijdens de coronapandemie
Authors: Klerks Peter 
Published: October 2021

Deception during the corona pandemic. On fake news, conspiracy thinking and social receptivity
In the corona period, phenomena such as disinformation and conspiracy activism have taken on a greater and more disturbing significance. This article provides a first problem picture of current manifestations in the broader social context and offers tentative explanations. It looks in turn at who makes and distributes the fake news, what role conspiracy activism plays in this, what is known about social receptivity, and what the implications are for law enforcement and security. Finally, an action perspective is presented.
De klaroenstoten van de Nederlandse rechter in Urgenda op de klanken van het internationale recht
Authors: Schrijver N.J. 
Published: October 2021

De klaroenstoten van de Nederlandse rechter in Urgenda op de klanken van het internationale recht
De Urgenda-uitspraken en de recente Shell-uitspraak tonen aan hoe diep rechtsregels van internationale oorsprong in de Nederlandse rechtsorde doordringen en daar een integraal onderdeel van vormen. Dit artikel brengt eerst kort de ontwikkeling van de rechten van de mens en het internationale klimaatrecht in kaart en bespreekt vervolgens de wijze waarop de beginselen en regels daarvan doorklinken in deze rechterlijke klimaatuitspraken. Het laatste gedeelte van dit artikel reflecteert daarop en concludeert dat deze uitspraken zuivere klaroenstoten zijn omdat het Unierecht en het internationale recht een wezenlijk bestanddeel van de partituur van de Nederlandse rechtspraak zijn.
Maatschappelijke akkoorden en de Aanwijzingen voor convenanten: tijd voor een update!
Authors: Huisman P.J. 
Published: October 2021

Maatschappelijke akkoorden en de Aanwijzingen voor convenanten: tijd voor een update!
Maatschappelijke akkoorden zijn nuttig en wenselijk, maar vragen vanuit de kernwaarden van goed openbaar bestuur om aandacht. In deze bijdrage doet de auteur – geïnspireerd door een recent advies van de Raad voor het Openbaar Bestuur over maatschappelijke akkoorden – voorstellen tot aanpassing van de Aanwijzingen voor convenanten, zodat optimaal inhoud kan worden gegeven aan de kernwaarden van goed openbaar bestuur bij de totstandkoming van maatschappelijke akkoorden. De suggesties tot aanpassing van de aanwijzingen zien onder meer op een versterking van de positie van het parlement, een betere borging van een goede representatie aan de onderhandelingstafels en het vergroten van transparantie van het proces.
Pionieren bij de uitleg van het EVRM
Authors: Nap M. 
Published: October 2021

Pionieren bij de uitleg van het EVRM
In de rechterlijke uitspraken die de Urgenda-procedure heeft opgeleverd, is een verstrekkende uitleg gegeven aan de artikelen 2 en 8 EVRM. Voor die uitleg kon slechts in beperkte mate een beroep worden gedaan op EHRM-jurisprudentie. De Hoge Raad heeft, mede op verzoek van de procespartijen, ervan afgezien gebruik te maken van de mogelijkheid om het EHRM te verzoeken zich bij wijze van niet-bindende opinie uit te spreken over de betekenis van de relevante verdragsbepalingen voor deze zaak. In deze aflevering van ‘Legisprudentie’ wordt de vraag opgeworpen of de Afdeling advisering van de Raad van State bij de beoordeling van wetgeving die raakt aan de klimaatcrisis ook wel eens aan het pionieren slaat bij haar interpretatie van het EVRM.
Het nieuwe toetsingskader ‘Digitalisering en wetgeving’: enkele reflecties
Authors: Meuwese A.C.M. 
Published: October 2021

Het nieuwe toetsingskader ‘Digitalisering en wetgeving’: enkele reflecties
Een nieuw toetsingskader ‘Digitalisering en wetgeving’ maakt onderdeel uit van de recente publicatie ‘Digitalisering. Wetgeving en rechtspraak’ van de Raad van State. Deze korte bespreking stelt de vraag of digitalisering hierin wel in voldoende mate als systeemverandering benaderd wordt.
NORMS ON CARTESIAN PRODUCT OF LINEAR SPACES
Authors: Li Chi-Kwong , Tsing Nam-Kiu 
Published: October 2021

Let $X_i, (i=1, \cdots, n)$ be real or complex linear spaces, each equipped with a norm $||\cdot||_i$. Standard ways of constructing norms $||\cdot||$ on the Cartestian product $X =X_1 \times \cdots \times X_n$ are to define
\[ ||(x_1, \cdots, x_n)||=\phi(||x_1||_1, \cdots, ||x_n||_n)\]

via some functions $\phi$ on $\mathbb{R}^n$. Common examples of $\phi$ in standard texbooks are norms on $\mathbb{R}^n$. This may mislead peoples to think that any norm $\phi$ on $\mathbb{R}^n$ can induce a norm on the product space $X$ in the above way. In this note we show that this is actually false and characterize the functions $\phi$ that can give rise to norms on $X$ in the above manner. It turns out that a necessary and sufficient condition on $\phi$ is :

for any $a_1, \cdots, a_n, b_1, \cdots, b_n\ge 0$,

(I) $\phi(a_1, \cdots, a_n)>0$ if $(a_1, \cdots, a_n)\neq (0, \cdots,0)$;
(II) $\phi(\alpha(a_1, \cdots, a_n))= \alpha \phi(a_1, \cdots, a_n)$ if $\alpha\ge 0$;
(III) $\phi(c_1, \cdots, c_n)\le \phi(a_1, \cdots, a_n)+ \phi(b_1, \cdots, b_n)$ if $(c_1, \cdots, c_n)= (a_1, \cdots, a_n)+ (b_1, \cdots, b_n)$;(IV) $\phi(a_1, \cdots, a_n) \le \phi(b_1, \cdots, b_n)$ if $a_i \le b_i$ for all $i$.

Several interesting consequences of the result are discussed.
Stress Inducing Factors and Its Effect on Employees Performance among Selected Instituions
Authors: Emuchay C. O. , Ekpenyong O. , Abu O. P. 
Published: October 2021

Aims: The study examined the relationship between stress inducing factors and employee performance in Michael Imoudu National Institute for Labour Studies (MINILS) and National Directorate of Employment (NDE).
Study Design: Cross sectional survey design.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Michael Imoudu National Institute for labour studies and National Directorate of Employment (NDE) between December 2019 and September 2020
Methodology: The survey method was employed whilst 400 respondents were purposively selected from the Training department, Planning, Research and Curriculum Development department and Programs department which are the core departments under pressure to deliver all year round in the institutions under study. The questionnaire was the main instrument for data collection. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used in analyzing the data.
Results: Results show that the most stress inducing factor was pressure to deliver on time because of mode of operations (60%), non-conducive working environment (59%) and being insufficiently skilled for the job (37%). The effects of stress on employee performance include dependence on drugs and alcohol (86%), illness and sickness (75%), fatigue (40%) and irritability (25%).
Conclusion: It is recommended that a conducive working environment should be created for employees and that counselors and counseling rooms should be provided by organizations to enable their employees have a safe place to de-stress without fear of stigmatization. Also, training and re-training of employees should be done frequently to improve set skills. This will significantly reduce work stress and enhance performance which will in turn increase organizational productivity.
Preclinical Screening of Antidepressant Activity of Formulated Sertraline Hydrochloride-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles in Rats
Authors: Hangargekar Sachin R. , Mohanty Pradeep K. , Rai Janki Prasad 
Published: October 2021

Objective: The main goal of our study was to investigate the antidepressant activity of Formulated Sertraline hydrochloride-loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNPs) by using a rat forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST).
Materials and Methods: Animals were divided into three groups, consisting of six rats in each group. Out of these, one group served as control that received distilled water, second group was standard received Sertraline HCl (20 mg/kg intranasal) and third group was received test formulation (SLNPs 50 mg/kg intranasal). To assess the effect of SLNPs on immobility activity through FST and TST were used to take as a measure of antidepressant activity.
Results: SLNPs reduced the immobility duration in TST as well as in FST. In both methods, there was a statistical significant decrease in immobility of SLNPs group when compared to the control group.
Conclusion: The results suggested that SLNPs produced significant antidepressant effect in rats which was comparable with control group and standard Sertraline HCl group animals.
Normal Reference Range for Serum TSH, Free T4, Total T4, and Total T3 on Roche® Platforms in Basrah, Iraq
Authors: Alibrahim Nassar Taha , Odhaib Samih Abed , Alhamza Ali Hussain , Almomin Ammar Mohammed Saeed , Zaboon Ibrahim Abbood , Hussein Rudha Naser , Kadhim Muayad Baheer , Mohammed Adel Gassab , Al-Waeli Dheyaa Kadhim , Nwayyir Hussein Ali , Alidrisi Haider Ayad , Hussein Ibrahim Hani , Altemimi Mahmood Thamer , Imran Husam Jihad , Mansour Abbas Ali 
Published: October 2021

Background: Thyroid function tests are mandatory in clinical practice because symptoms and signs are not reliable to discriminate between various types of thyroid disease.
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine assay-specific reference range for serum free T4, total T4, total T3 and TSH among healthy non-pregnant adult cohort for Roche® platforms in Basrah (Southern Iraq) from single laboratory in a tertiary center using indirect approach of the available data.
Methods: A Cross sectional study for non-pregnant adults 19 years and above. Sera were analyzed by using cobs e411 for thyroid functions tests.
Results: Total enrolled persons were 10,078. The 95% reference intervals for TSH were 0.20-6.50 μIU/mL, which increased with age though not linear, for free T4 were 0.8-1.70 ng/dL, for total T4 were 3.78-15.33 μg/dL, and for total T3 were 0.80-2.50 ng/mL.
Colcusion: Cobs e411(Roche® analytical platform) analyzer reference range for thyroid function cannot be applied for Iraqi population .
TRAIL Coated Genetically Engineered Immunotherapeutic Nano‐Ghosts Vesicles Target Human Melanoma‐Avoiding the Need for High Effective Therapeutic Concentration of TRAIL
Authors: Levy Lior , Davidov Tzila , Kolluri Krishna K. , Fridman Avraham , Krishtul Stasia , Janes Sam M. , Machluf Marcelle 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCancer cell therapy using cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) or mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) possesses hurdles due to the cells, susceptibility to host induced changes. Here, versatile inanimate broadly applicable nanovesicles, termed immunotherapeutic‐nano‐ghosts (iNGs), are armed with inherent surface‐associated targeting and therapeutic capabilities in which the promise and benefits of MSC therapy and T cell immunotherapy are combined into one powerful off‐the‐shelf approach for treating malignant diseases. To mimic the cytotoxic or immunosuppressive functions of T cells, iNG are produced from MSC that were genetically engineered (GE) or metabolically manipulated to express additional membrane‐bound proteins, endowing the NGs derived therefrom with additional surface‐associated functions such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL). iNGs from GE‐MSCs (GE‐iNGs) show superior TRAIL retention and induce apoptosis in different cancer cell lines in vitro. In vivo studies on a human melanoma model demonstrate that a systemic, three‐day frequency, administration of GE‐iNGs result in tumor inhibition comparable to a six orders of magnitude higher concentration of soluble TRAIL. The iNGs are therefore a promising nanovesicle platform that can affect tumors in a non‐immunogenic manner while avoiding the need for a highly effective therapeutic concentration.
Water/Sulfolane Hybrid Electrolyte Achieves Ultralow‐Temperature Operation for High‐Voltage Aqueous Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Jiahe , Yang Cheng , Chi Xiaowei , Wen Bo , Wang Wenkang , Liu Yu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAqueous batteries are promising candidates for large‐scale energy storage due to their high safety and low cost. However, the narrow electrochemical stability window (ESW, 1.23 V) and high melting point (0 °C) of water limit the energy density and low‐temperature operation of aqueous batteries. In this work, sulfolane is introduced as a co‐solvent to obtain a water/sulfolane hybrid electrolyte, which participates in the solvated sheath of lithium ions, strengthens the OH bond of water, and disrupts the large‐scale hydrogen bond network. Such an elaborate strategy not only expands the ESW of the hybrid electrolyte to 3.8 V, but also lowers the glass‐transition temperature to −110 °C. As proof of concept, the LiMn2O4/Li4Ti5O12 full batteries assembled by the hybrid electrolyte display high voltage (2.7 V) and excellent low‐temperature performance of 98% capacity retention from 0 to −20 °C, which can even discharge normally and illume an LED light (rated power of 0.02 W, excitation voltage of 1.8 V) at −65 °C.
Molecularly Directed, Geometrically Latched, Impulsive Actuation Powers Sub‐Gram Scale Motility
Authors: Gao Junfeng , Clement Arul , Tabrizi Mohsen , Shankar M. Ravi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTransversely curved composite shells of liquid crystal elastomer and polyethylene terephthalate with innervated electrodes present millisecond‐scale actuation with ≈200 mW electrical power inputs at low voltages (≈1 V). The molecular orientation is aligned to direct the thermomechanical work‐content to evert the native curvature. When powered, the curved structure initially remains latent and builds up strain energy. Thereafter, the work content is released in an ms‐scale impulse. The thin‐film actuators are powered against opposing loads to perform up to 10−5 J of work. High speed imaging reveals tip velocities of several 100 mm s−1 with powers approaching 10−4 J s−1. The design eschews bistability. After snap‐through, when the power is off, the actuator spontaneously resets to its native state. The actuation profiles are functions of the geometry and the electrical pulse patterns. The latency of actuation is reduced by powering the actuators with pulses that trigger snap‐through, allow its reset to the native state, but prevent its cooling to the ambient before subsequent actuation cycles. The actuation is harnessed in sub‐gram scale robots, including water‐strider mimicking configurations and steerable robots that can navigate on compliant (sand) and hard (slippery) surfaces. A viable template for impulsive actuation using frugal electrical power emerges.
4D Multimaterial Printing of Programmable and Selective Light‐Activated Shape‐Memory Structures with Embedded Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Yu , Sachyani Keneth Ela , Kamyshny Alexander , Scalet Giulia , Auricchio Ferdinando , Magdassi Shlomo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract4D printing is based on 3D printing of objects that can change their shape upon a proper triggering. Here, a novel approach is reported for fabricating programmable 3D printed objects composed of shape‐memory polymers (SMPs) that are activated by light. The light activation of the movement and shape morphing are based on combining gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as photothermal converters with acrylate‐based printing compositions that form an SMP with tunable transition temperatures. The shape change of the printed objects is triggered by remote irradiation with a low‐cost LED light at a wavelength specific to the surface plasmon resonance of the embedded AuNPs. The light is converted to heat which enables the shape transition when the temperature reaches the Tg of the polymer. Excellent SMP properties are achieved with shape fixity and recovery ratios over 95%. This material composition and triggering approach enable fabricating programmable light‐activated 3D printed structures with a dual transition while tuning the concentration. Furthermore, numerical simulations performed by finite‐element analysis result in the excellent prediction of the shape‐memory recovery. The presented approach can be applied in remotely controlling morphing, mainly for applications in the fields of actuators and soft robotics.
Enhanced Efficiency and Stability of Quasi‐2D Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes with Crosslinkable Alkenyl Amine Cations
Authors: Yu Cong , Zhang Huijun , Wang Pang , Wang Hui , Li Teng , Zhang Xue , Cheng Shili , Guo Chuanhang , Gao Chen , Liu Dan , Wang Tao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLow‐dimensional perovskites formed with the assistance of organic cations as interlayers have been widely used to fabricate high‐performance light‐emitting diode devices, attributing to their dielectric and quantum‐confinement effects and rapid energy transfer process. However, ion migration at perovskite grain boundaries and the dissociation of ligands induced by the “van der Waals” gaps between large organic cations are disadvantageous to the stability of perovskite light‐emitting diodes. Here, crosslinkable 3‐butenylamine hydrochloride is introduced in quasi‐2D perovskites that will crosslink at the grain boundaries and between layered perovskites upon thermal annealing, which suppresses ion migration, reduces interlayer space, and passivates defects. The optimized device exhibits enhanced maximum luminance of 20 177 cd m−2, current efficiency of 17.5 cd A−1, external quantum efficiency of 5.2%, and 1.6 times increment of T50 lifetime. The organic cation crosslinking strategy is therefore a promising approach to enhance the efficiency as well as stability of layered perovskite devices.
Oxidative Cyclization of Trifluoroacetimidohydrazides with D‐Glucose for the Metal‐Free Synthesis of 3‐Trifluoromethyl‐1,2,4‐Triazoles
Authors: Lu Shu‐Ning , Yang Hefei , Zhang Jiajun , Chen Zhengkai , Wu Xiao‐Feng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA metal‐free oxidative cyclization of readily available trifluoroacetimidohydrazides with D‐glucose for the assembly of 3‐trifluoromethyl‐1,2,4‐triazoles has been disclosed. D‐glucose is applied as C1 synthon to provide methine source in the reaction. Control experiments have been conducted to shed light on the reaction mechanism. The synthetic utility of the protocol has been explored by the implementation of scale up reaction and the synthesis of the key skeleton of NKI‐receptor ligand.magnified image