bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Culex quinquefasciatus: status as a threat to island avifauna and options for genetic control
Authors: Harvey-Samuel Tim , Ant Thomas , Sutton Jolene , Niebuhr Chris N. , Asigau Samoa , Parker Patricia , Sinkins Steven , Alphey Luke 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe avifauna endemic to islands is particularly susceptible to population declines and extinctions resulting from the introduction of non-native pathogens. Three pathogens of concern are the avian malaria parasites, the avian poxviruses, and West Nile virus—each of which can be transmitted by Culex quinquefasciatus, a highly adaptive and invasive mosquito. Culex quinquefasciatus has dramatically expanded its range in recent centuries and is now established throughout much of the tropics and sub-tropics, including on many islands that are remote from mainland landmasses and where this geographic separation historically protected island species from mosquito-borne diseases. The potential for ecological disruption by Cx. quinquefasciatus has been particularly striking in the Hawaiian Islands, where the introduction and transmission of avian malaria and avian poxvirus led to the extinction of several endemic bird species, with many more at risk. With Cx. quinquefasciatus now present in many insular communities and global trade and tourism increasing links between these areas, both to each other and to mainlands, there is growing concern that patterns of avian decline in Hawai‘i may be played out in other insular ecosystems. The implementation of traditional methods for Cx. quinquefasciatus control, including larval source management, is often impractical at large scale and when breeding sites are numerous and difficult to locate—typical issues associated with invasive species removal. One alternative approach would be the utilisation of genetic control methods, several of which have been successfully developed in other mosquitos such as Aedes aegypti and the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. However, the development of similar tools for Cx. quinquefasciatus has been comparatively limited. Here we review the threat that Cx. quinquefasciatus poses as a vector of avian pathogens to island avifauna and discuss specific examples of at-risk bird populations on the islands of Hawai‘i, New Zealand and Galápagos. We also review the major options for the deployment of genetic control tools against Cx. quinquefasciatus, and discuss the current state of the field with a focus on radiation-based sterilisation, transgenic methods, and transinfections using the bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia.
Real-time sensing on the angular coordinates of nanoparticles using whispering-gallery mode optical microcavities
Authors: Pang Ting-Tian , Gao Yong-Pan , Xu Wen-Ling , Wang Chuan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We theoretically study the scattering-particles–induced field distribution in a whispering-gallery mode optical microcavity system. It is shown that the relative phase angle of the scatters can result in an asymmetric optical distribution. Different from the previous sensing scheme using spectrum scanning whose real time information is limited by the scanning frequency, the proposed scheme could realize the real-time sensing for the angular position of nanoparticles with stable frequency tricolor beams. Numerical simulation is performed to show the performance of the system under different coupling and dissipation condition for the nanoparticles. The scheme may have potential applications in the particle sensing and characterization of both the velocity and angular momentum of the nanoparticles.
Homogenization of layered media: Intrinsic and extrinsic symmetry breaking
Authors: Tsukerman Igor , Shahriyar Hossain A. N. M. , Chong Y. D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A general homogenization procedure for periodic electromagnetic structures, when applied to layered media with asymmetric lattice cells, yields an effective tensor with magnetoelectric coupling. Accurate results for transmission and reflection are obtained even in cases where classical effective medium theory breaks down. Magnetoelectric coupling accounts for symmetry breaking in reflection and transmission when a non-symmetric structure is illuminated from two opposite sides.
Lifestyle Intervention Improves Prothrombotic Coagulation Profile in Individuals at High Risk for Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Hörber Sebastian , Lehmann Rainer , Fritsche Louise , Machann Jürgen , Birkenfeld Andreas L , Häring Hans-Ulrich , Stefan Norbert , Heni Martin , Fritsche Andreas , Peter Andreas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Context
Patients with obesity and insulin resistance are at higher risk for arterial and venous thrombosis due to a prothrombotic state.

Objective
The present study addressed whether this is reversible by lifestyle intervention and elucidated potential underlying associations.

Methods
A total of 100 individuals with impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting plasma glucose participated in a 1-year lifestyle intervention, including precise metabolic phenotyping and MRS-based determination of liver fat content as well as a comprehensive analysis of coagulation parameters before and after this intervention.

Results
During the lifestyle intervention, significant reductions in coagulation factor activities (II, VII, VIII, IX, XI, and XII) were observed. Accordingly, prothrombin time (PT%) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) were slightly decreased and prolonged, respectively. Moreover, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), von Willebrand factor (vWF), and also protein C and protein S decreased. Fibrinogen, antithrombin, D-dimer, and FXIII remained unchanged. Searching for potential regulators, especially weight loss, but also liver fat reduction, improved insulin sensitivity, and decreased low-grade inflammation were linked to favorable changes in hemostasis parameters. Independent of weight loss, liver fat reduction (FII, protein C, protein S, PAI-1, vWF), improved insulin sensitivity (protein S, PAI-1), and reduced low-grade inflammation (PT%, aPTT, FVIII/IX/XI/XII, vWF) were identified as single potential regulators.

Conclusion
Lifestyle intervention is able to improve a prothrombotic state in individuals at high risk for type 2 diabetes. Besides body weight, liver fat content, insulin sensitivity, and systemic low-grade inflammation are potential mechanisms for improvements in hemostasis and could represent future therapeutic targets.
Biochemical Parameters of Diabetes Ketoacidosis in Patients with End-stage Kidney Disease and Preserved Renal Function
Authors: Galindo Rodolfo J , Pasquel Francisco J , Vellanki Priyathama , Zambrano Cesar , Albury Bonnie , Perez-Guzman Citlalli , Ziduo Zheng , Umpierrez Guillermo E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Differences in biochemical parameters of diabetic ketoacidosis in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) has not been established. Accordingly, we assessed the relationship between degree of metabolic acidosis and ß-hydroxybutyrate in patients with ESKD (eGFR &lt; 15 mL/min/1.73 m2), moderate renal failure (eGFR 15–60), or preserved renal function (eGFR &gt; 60).

Methods
This observational study included adults (18–80 years) with diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA), admitted to Emory University Hospitals between January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2016. DKA and renal stages were confirmed on admission laboratory values.

Results
Admission bicarbonate levels (13.9 ± 5 vs 13.4 ± 5.3 vs 13.8 ± 4.2 mmol/L, P = 0.7), and pH levels (7.2 ± 0.3 vs 7.2 ± 0.2 vs 7.2 ± 0.2, P = 0.8) were similar among groups. Patients with ESKD had lower mean ß-hydroxybutyrate level (4.3 ± 3.3 vs 5.6 ± 2.9 vs 5.9 ± 2.5 mmol/L, P = 0.01), but higher admission glucose (852 ± 340.4 vs 714.6 ± 253.3 mg/dL vs 518 ± 185.7 mg/dL, P &lt; 0.01), anion gap (23.4 ± 7.6 vs 23 ± 6.9 vs 19.5 ± 4.7 mmol/L, P &lt; 0.01), and osmolality (306 ± 20.6 vs 303.5 ± vs 293.1 ± 3.1mOsm/kg, P &lt; 0.01) compared with patients with moderate renal failure and preserved renal function, respectively. The sensitivity of ß-hydroxybutyrate &gt; 3 mmol/L for diagnosing DKA by bicarbonate level &lt; 15 and &lt;18 mmol/L was 86.9% and 72% in ESKD, 89.3% and 83.7% in moderate renal failure, and 96.2% and 88.3% in preserved renal function. In patients with ESKD, the corresponding ß-hydroxybutyrate with bicarbonate levels &lt; 10, 10–15, &lt;18 mmol/L were 5.5, 3.9, 3.0 mmol/L, respectively.

Conclusions
Significant metabolic differences were found among DKA patients with different levels of renal function. In patients with ESKD, a ß-hydroxybutyrate level &gt; 3 mmol/L may assist with confirmation of DKA diagnosis.
Anatomy, Endocrine Regulation, and Embryonic Development of the Rete Testis
Authors: Major Andrew T , Estermann Martin A , Smith Craig A 
Published: March 2021

AbstractReproduction in males requires the transfer of spermatozoa from testis tubules via the rete system to the efferent ductules, epididymis, and vas deferens. The rete therefore forms an essential bridging system between the testis and excurrent ducts. Yet the embryonic origin and molecular regulation of rete testis development is poorly understood. This review examines the anatomy, endocrine control, and development of the mammalian rete testis, focusing on recent findings on its molecular regulation, identifying gaps in our knowledge, and identifying areas for future research. The rete testis develops in close association with Sertoli cells of the seminiferous cords, although unique molecular markers are sparce. Most recently, modern molecular approaches such as global RNA-seq have revealed the transcriptional signature of rete cell precursors, pointing to at least a partial common origin with Sertoli cells. In the mouse, genes involved in Sertoli cell development or maintenance, such as Sox9, Wt1, Sf1, and Dmrt1, are also expressed in cells of the rete system. Rete progenitor cells also express unique markers, such as Pax8, E-cadherin, and keratin 8. These must directly or indirectly regulate the physical joining of testis tubules to the efferent duct system and confer other physiological functions of the rete. The application of technologies such as single-cell RNA-seq will clarify the origin and developmental trajectory of this essential component of the male reproductive tract.
An assessment of the autism neuroimaging literature for the prospects of re-executability
Authors: Hodge Steven M. , Haselgrove Christian , Honor Leah , Kennedy David N. , Frazier Jean A. 
Published: March 2021

Background: The degree of reproducibility of the neuroimaging literature in psychiatric application areas has been called into question and the issues that relate to this reproducibility are extremely complex. Some of these complexities have to do with the underlying biology of the disorders that we study and others arise due to the technology we apply to the analysis of the data we collect. Ultimately, the observations we make get communicated to the rest of the community through publications in the scientific literature. Methods: We sought to perform a ‘re-executability survey’ to evaluate the recent neuroimaging literature with an eye toward seeing if the technical aspects of our publication practices are helping or hindering the overall quest for a more reproducible understanding of brain development and aging. The topic areas examined include availability of the data, the precision of the imaging method description and the reporting of the statistical analytic approach, and the availability of the complete results. We applied the survey to 50 publications in the autism neuroimaging literature that were published between September 16, 2017 to October 1, 2018. Results: The results of the survey indicate that for the literature examined, data that is not already part of a public repository is rarely available, software tools are usually named but versions and operating system are not, it is expected that reasonably skilled analysts could approximately perform the analyses described, and the complete results of the studies are rarely available. Conclusions: We have identified that there is ample room for improvement in research publication practices. We hope exposing these issues in the retrospective literature can provide guidance and motivation for improving this aspect of our reporting practices in the future.
Accuracy of digital dental models and three-dimensional printed dental models in linear measurements and Bolton analysis
Authors: Suryajaya William , Purbiati Maria , Ismah Nada 
Published: March 2021

Background: Due to advances in digital technology, it is possible to obtain digital dental models through intraoral scanning. The stereolithographic data collected from the scanner can subsequently be printed into a three-dimensional dental model in resinic material. However, the accuracy between digital dental models and printed dental models needs to be evaluated since it might affect diagnosis and treatment planning in orthodontic treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of digital models scanned by a Trios intraoral scanner and three-dimensional dental models printed using a Formlabs 2 3D printer in linear measurements and Bolton analysis. Methods: A total of 35 subjects were included in this study. All subjects were scanned using a Trios intraoral scanner to obtain digital study models. Stereolithographic data from previous scanning was printed using a Formlabs 2 3D printer to obtain printed study models. Mesiodistal, intercanine, intermolar, and Bolton analysis from all types of study models were measured. The intraclass correlation coefficient was used to assess intraobserver and interobserver reliability. All data were then statistically analyzed. Results: The reliability tests were high for both intraobserver and interobserver reliability, which demonstrates high reproducibility for all measurements on all model types. Most of the data compared between study models showed no statistically significant differences, though some data differed significantly. However, the differences are considered clinically insignificant. Conclusion: Digital dental models and three-dimensional printed dental models may be used interchangeably with plaster dental models for diagnostic and treatment planning purposes. Keywords: Accuracy, 3D printing, digital dental model, printed dental model.
Crystal structure of the 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from Gluconobacter oxydans reveals tetrameric 6PGDHs as the crucial intermediate in the evolution of structure and cofactor preference in the 6PGDH family
Authors: Maturana Pablo , Tobar-Calfucoy Eduardo , Fuentealba Matías , Roversi Pietro , Garratt Richard , Cabrera Ricardo 
Published: March 2021

Background: The enzyme 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH) is the central enzyme of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway. Members of the 6PGDH family belong to different classes: either homodimeric enzymes assembled from long-chain subunits or homotetrameric ones assembled from short-chain subunits. Dimeric 6PGDHs bear an internal duplication absent in tetrameric 6PGDHs and distant homologues of the β-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase (βHADH) superfamily. Methods: We use X-ray crystallography to determine the structure of the apo form of the 6PGDH from Gluconobacter oxydans (Go6PGDH). We carried out a structural and phylogenetic analysis of short and long-chain 6PGDHs. We put forward an evolutionary hypothesis explaining the differences seen in oligomeric state vs. dinucleotide preference of the 6PGDH family. We determined the cofactor preference of Go6PGDH at different 6-phosphogluconate concentrations, characterizing the wild-type enzyme and three-point mutants of residues in the cofactor binding site of Go6PGDH. Results: The structural comparison suggests that the 6PG binding site initially evolved by exchanging C-terminal α-helices between subunits. An internal duplication event changed the quaternary structure of the enzyme from a tetrameric to a dimeric arrangement. The phylogenetic analysis suggests that 6PGDHs have spread from Bacteria to Archaea and Eukarya on multiple occasions by lateral gene transfer. Sequence motifs consistent with NAD+- and NADP+-specificity are found in the β2-α2 loop of dimeric and tetrameric 6PGDHs. Site-directed mutagenesis of Go6PGDH inspired by this analysis fully reverses dinucleotide preference. One of the mutants we engineered has the highest efficiency and specificity for NAD+ so far described for a 6PGDH. Conclusions: The family 6PGDH comprises dimeric and tetrameric members whose active sites are conformed by a C-terminal α-helix contributed from adjacent subunits. Dimeric 6PGDHs have evolved from the duplication-fusion of the tetrameric C-terminal domain before independent transitions of cofactor specificity. Changes in the conserved β2-α2 loop are crucial to modulate the cofactor specificity in Go6PGDH.
Ethnic differences in the incidence of clinically diagnosed influenza: an England population-based cohort study 2008-2018
Authors: Davidson Jennifer , Banerjee Amitava , Mathur Rohini , Ramsay Mary , Smeeth Liam , Walker Jemma , McDonald Helen , Warren-Gash Charlotte 
Published: March 2021

Background: People of non-White ethnicity have a higher risk of severe outcomes following influenza infection. It is unclear whether this is driven by an increased risk of infection or complications. We therefore aimed to investigate the incidence of clinically diagnosed influenza/influenza-like illness (ILI) by ethnicity in England from 2008-2018. Methods: We used linked primary and secondary healthcare data (from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink [CPRD] GOLD and Aurum databases and Hospital Episodes Statistics Admitted Patient Care [HES APC]). We included patients with recorded ethnicity who were aged 40-64 years and did not have a chronic health condition that would render them eligible for influenza vaccination. ILI infection was identified from diagnostic codes in CPRD and HES APC. We calculated crude annual infection incidence rates by ethnic group. Multivariable Poisson regression models with random effects were used to estimate any ethnic disparities in infection risk. Our main analysis adjusted for age, sex, and influenza year. Results: A total of 3,735,308 adults aged 40-64 years were included in the study; 87.6% White, 5.2% South Asian, 4.2% Black, 1.9% Other, and 1.1% Mixed. We identified 102,316 ILI episodes recorded among 94,623 patients. The rate of ILI was highest in the South Asian (9.6 per 1,000 person-years), Black (8.4 per 1,000 person-years) and Mixed (6.9 per 1,000 person-years) ethnic groups. The ILI rate in the White ethnic group was 5.7 per 1,000 person-years. After adjustment for age sex and influenza year, higher incidence rate ratios (IRR) for ILI were seen for South Asian (1.70, 95% CI 1.66-1.75), Black (1.48, 1.44-1.53) and Mixed (1.22, 1.15-1.30) groups compared to White ethnicity. Conclusions: Our results suggest that influenza infection risk differs between White and non-White groups who are not eligible for routine influenza vaccination.
СИСТЕМА ПОДДЕРЖКИ ПРИНЯТИЯ РЕШЕНИЙ (СППР) В СЛОЖНЫХ ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСКИХ СТРУКТУРАХ КАК РАЗВИВАЮЩИЙСЯ ИНСТРУМЕНТ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ
Authors: Tsovma Denis Vladimirovich 
Published: March 2021

Информационная поддержка принятия стратегических решений в группах компаний может быть, с одной стороны, очень актуальной ввиду большого числа учитываемых параметров, с другой стороны, вполне продуктивной ввиду объективной измеримости этих параметров. В отличие от традиционных подходов к экономическому анализу самостоятельного хозяйствующего субъекта, дочерние и зависимые общества (ДЗО) оцениваются и с точки зрения их влияния на материнскую компанию и группу компаний в целом. Поэтому автор исследования сформировал набор показателей, который можно перегруппировывать для различных аналитических и прогностических целей, тем самым создав и апробировав авторскую методику оценки деятельности ДЗО. Рекомендации в области стратегического управленческого решения даются на основании анализа сочетания полученных оценок. Качество прогностической функции СППР ГК проиллюстрировано соотнесением рекомендаций в области стратегического управленческого решения со стоимостью дочерних компаний в последующие годы.Цель – сформировав некоторую общую методологию, разработать технологию поддержки принятия стратегических управленческих решений в сложных предпринимательских образованиях типа «группа компаний».Метод или методология проведения работы: использованы комплексный и системный подходы, методы структурно-функционального исследования, сравнительного анализа, динамических рядов, графический метод и методы экономико-математического моделирования и др.Результаты: методика оценки деятельности ДЗО и информационной поддержки принятия стратегических управленческих решений в группах компаний.Область применения результатов: полученные результаты могут быть использованы крупными российскими компаниями с развитой сетью ДЗО при принятии стратегических решений, а также при разработке собственных корпоративных нормативных актов (стандартов, регламентов и т.п.) в области поддержки решений.
МОНЕТАРНОЕ НЕРАВЕНСТВО И ИНФЛЯЦИЯ: ОФИЦИАЛЬНАЯ СТАТИСТИКА И ОЦЕНКИ РОССИЯН
Authors: Rossoshanskii Aleksandr Igorevich , Belekhova Galina Vadimovna 
Published: March 2021

Затяжной характер существенной доходной дифференциация населения и нестабильность потребительских цен влияют на неравномерное распределение ресурсов и жизненных возможностей среди различных групп населения, подвергая некоторые из них повышенному риску экономической уязвимости. Данные проблемы еще более усугубляются в периоды нестабильности социально-экономической жизни, вызванной политическими, техногенными или природными (например, пандемия 2020 г.) причинами. В связи с этим научную и практическую значимость приобретают задачи анализа складывающейся динамики неравенства и инфляции и выявления на этой основе рисков для благополучия населения.Цель работы: изучение тенденций монетарного неравенства и инфляции, складывающихся на фоне протекания пандемии, и выявление возможных рисков для материального благополучия россиян.Метод или методология проведения работы: общенаучные методы (анализ и синтез), динамический анализ официальных статистических данных и результатов национальных социологических опросов населения.Результаты: проанализированы динамика показателей доходного неравенства и инфляции, структура потребительских расходов, объемы вкладных и кредитных операций населения, тенденции восприятия населением материального положения и инфляции, практики адаптации населения в условиях карантинных ограничений. Выявлены современные тенденции социально-экономического положения и возможные риски для населения.Область применения результатов: результаты исследования могут быть использованы федеральными органами государственной власти для разработки направлений социальной политики по борьбе с бедностью и сокращению неравенства, для разработки направлений денежно-кредитной политики по снижению инфляции, а также научными работниками, интересующимися данной тематикой.
Optimized Volterra filter equalizer based on weighted principal component analysis for IM-DD transmission
Authors: Yang Zheng , Fu Songnian , Tang Ming , Wang Yuncai , Qin Yuwen 
Published: March 2021

Volterra filter equalizer (VFE) is a commonly-used nonlinear equalizer (NLE) to effectively mitigate both linear and nonlinear impairments arising in intensity-modulation direct-detection (IM-DD) transmission. However, the high calculation complexity of VFE becomes the bottleneck for the high-speed long-reach IM-DD transceiver. To achieve the hardware-efficient NLE, we propose an optimized VFE based on the weighted principal component analysis (WPCA), which uses both supervised weights and unsupervised PCA to extract principal components, so that the number of VFE taps can be significantly reduced without transmission penalty. It is experimentally verified that the proposed method can reduce 40% and 60% taps of traditional VFE, respectively, for C-band 80 Gb/s four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) transmission over 20 km chromatic dispersion (CD)-uncompensated standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) and 56 Gb/s PAM-4 transmission over 100 km CD-managed SSMF.