bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of Higher-Order Smooth Positons and Breather Positons via Hirota's Bilinear Method
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Li Biao , Chen Junchao , GUO QI 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Based on the Hirota's bilinear method, a more classic limit technique is perfected to obtain second-order smooth positons. Immediately afterwards, we propose an extremely ingenious limit approach in which higher-order smooth positons and breather positons can be quickly derived from N-soliton solution. Under this ingenious technique, the smooth positons and breather positons of the modified Korteweg-de Vries system are quickly and easily derived. Compared with the generalized Darboux transformation, the approach mentioned in this paper has the following advantages and disadvantages: the advantage is that it is simple and fast; the disadvantage is that this method cannot get a concise general mathematical expression of nth-order smooth positons.
Combining Global Climate Models Using Graph Cuts
Authors: Thao Soulivanh , Garvik Mats , Mariethoz Grégoire , Vrac Mathieu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Global Climate Models are the main tools for climate projections. Since many models exist, it is common to use Multi-Model Ensembles to reduce biases and assess uncertainties in climate projections. Several approaches have been proposed to combine individual models and extract a robust signal from an ensemble. Among them, the Multi-Model Mean (MMM) is the most commonly used. Based on the assumption that the models are centered around the truth, it consists in averaging the ensemble, with the possibility of using equal weights for all models or to adjust weights to favor some models. In this paper, we propose a new alternative to reconstruct multi-decadal means of climate variables from a Multi-Model Ensemble, where the local performance of the models is taken into account. This is in contrast with MMM where a model has the same weight for all locations. Our approach is based on a computer vision method called graph cuts and consists in selecting for each grid point the most appropriate model, while at the same time considering the overall spatial consistency of the resulting field. The performance of the graph cuts approach is assessed based on two experiments: one where the ERA5 reanalyses are considered as the reference, and another involving a perfect model experiment where each model is in turn considered as the reference. We show that the graph cuts approach generally results in lower biases than other model combination approaches such as MMM, while at the same time preserving a similar level of spatial continuity.
Optical Flow Field Measurements of The Coolant In A Grinding Machine
Authors: Espenhahn Björn , Schumski Lukas , Vanselow Christoph , Stöbener Dirk , Meyer Daniel , Fischer Andreas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Since the cooling mechanism of industrial grinding is not yet fully understood, a measurement of the coolant liquid flow field near the grinding wheel is desired. However, the curved surfaces of the liquid phase result in unpredictable light deflections and reflections, which impedes optical flow measurements. In order to obtain qualitative and quantitative information regarding the flow velocity field of the coolant liquid, shadowgraphy in combination with a pattern correlation technique as well as particle image velocimetry are applied in a grinding machine and studied with respect to their measurement capabilities. Particle image velocimetry enables flow measurements inside the laminar coolant jet, whereby the shadowgraph imaging velocimetry complements these measurements and is in particular suitable for spray-like flow regimes. As a result, optical flow field measurements of the coolant flow in a grinding machine are shown to be feasible, which is required to understand the flow mechanisms that affect the grinding cooling process.
Pareidolia in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Hamza Eid G. Abo , Kéri Szabolcs , Csigó Katalin , Bedewy Dalia , Moustafa Ahmed A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
While there are many studies on pareidolia in healthy individuals and patients with schizophrenia, to our knowledge, there are no prior studies on pareidolia in patients with bipolar disorder. Accordingly, in this study, we, for the first time, measured pareidolia in patients with bipolar disorder (N = 50), and compared that to patients with schizophrenia (N = 50) and healthy controls (N = 50). We have used (a) the scene test, which consists of 10 blurred images of natural scenes that was previously found to produce illusory face responses and (b) the noise test which had 32 black and white images consisting of visual noise and 8 images depicting human faces; participants indicated whether a face was present on these images and to point to the location where they saw the face. Illusory responses were defined as answers when observers falsely identified objects that were not on the images in the scene task (maximum illusory score: 10), and the number of noise images in which they reported the presence of a face (maximum illusory score: 32). Further, we also calculated the total pareidolia score for each task (the sum number of images with illusory responses in the scene and noise tests). The responses were scored by two independent raters with an excellent congruence (kappa > 0.9). Our results show that schizophrenia patients scored higher on pareidolia measures than both healthy controls and patients with bipolar disorder. Our findings are agreement with prior findings on more impaired cognitive processes in schizophrenia than in bipolar patients.
Feruloyl Esterase Fae1 is Required Specifically for Host Colonisation by The Rice-Blast Fungus Magnaporthe Oryzae
Authors: Thaker Akhil , Mehta Khyati , Patkar Rajesh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Plant cell wall acts as a primary barrier for microbial pathogens during infection. A cell wall degrading enzyme thus may be a crucial virulence factor, as it may aid the pathogen in successful host invasion. Nine genes coding for feruloyl esterases (Fae), likely involved in plant cell wall degradation, have been annotated in the genome of the cereal-blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae . However, role of any Fae in pathogenicity of M. oryzae remains hitherto under explored. Here, we identified FAE1 gene (MGG_08737) that was significantly upregulated during host penetration and subsequent colonisation stages of infection. Accordingly, while deletion of FAE1 in M. oryzae did not affect the vegetative growth and asexual development, the fae1Δ mutant showed significantly reduced pathogenesis on rice plants, mainly due to impaired host invasion and colonisation. Very few (<10%) fae1Δ appressoria that formed the primary invasive hyphae, failed to elaborate from the first invaded cell to the neighboring plant cells. Interestingly, exogenously added glucose, as a simple carbon source, or ferulic acid, a product of the Fae activity, significantly supported the invasive growth of the fae1Δ mutant. We show that the Fae1-based feruloyl esterase activity, by targeting the plant cell wall, plays an important role in accumulating ferulic acid and/or sugar molecules, as a likely energy source, to enable host invasion and colonisation by M. oryzae. Given its role in plant cell wall digestion and host colonisation, M. oryzae Fae1 could be a potential candidate for a novel antifungal strategy and a biotechnological application in biofuel production.
A Quantitative Interspecies Comparison of The Respiratory Mucociliary Clearance Mechanism
Authors: Burn Andreas , Schneiter Martin , Ryser Manuel , Gehr Peter , Ricka Jaroslav , Frenz Martin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Collectively coordinated ciliary activity constantly propels the airway surface liquid, which lines the luminal surface of the vertebrate respiratory system, in cranial direction – constituting mucociliary clearance, the primary defence mechanism of our airways. Our contemporary understanding on how the quantitative characteristics of the metachronal wave field determines the resulting mucociliary transport is still limited, which is partly due to the sparse availability of quantitative observational data. Methods: We employed high-speed video reflection contrast microscopy to simultaneously image and quantitatively characterize the metachronal wave field as well as the mucociliary transport in excised bovine, porcine, ovine, lapine, turkey and ostrich samples of the luminal tracheal wall. Advanced image processing techniques were used to determine the ciliary beating frequency (CBF), the velocity and the wavelength of the metachronal wave as well as the mucociliary transport velocity. Results: The mucociliary transport direction was found to strongly correlate with the mean wave propagation direction in all six species. The CBF yielded similar values (10−15 Hz) for all six species. Birds were found to exhibit considerably higher transport speeds (130−260 μm/s) than mammals (20−80 μm/s). While the average transport direction significantly deviates from the tracheal long axis (TLA) in mammals, no significant deviation from the TLA was found in birds. In comparison to mammals, longer metachronal wavelengths were found in birds. Finally, the metachronal waves were found to propagate at about 4−8 times the speed of mucociliary transport in mammals, whereas the metachronal waves propagate at about the speed of mucociliary transport in birds. Conclusions: The tracheal mucociliary clearance mechanism is based on a symplectic metachronsim in all examined species. The mucociliary transport in birds is fast and roughly follows the TLA, whereas the transport is slower and proceeds along a left-handed spiral in mammals. The longer wavelengths and the lower ratio between the metachronal wave speed and the mucociliary transport speed provide further evidence that the mucociliary clearance mechanism operates differently in birds than in mammals.
Ensemble Classification for Intrusion Detection via Feature Extraction Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Yousefnezhad Maryam , Hamidzadeh Javad , Aliannejadi Mohammad 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
An intrusion detection system is a security system that aims to detect sabotage and intrusions on networks to inform experts of the attack and abuse of the network. Different classification methods have been used in the intrusion detection systems such as fuzzy, genetic algorithms, decision trees, artificial neural networks, and support vector machines. Moreover, ensemble classifiers have shown more robust and effective performance for various tasks in the field. In this paper, we adopt ensemble models in order to improve the performance of intrusion detection and, at thesame time, decrease the false alarm rate. We use kNN for multi-class classification, as well as SVM to approach the classification problem in normal-based detection. In order to combine multiple outputs, we use the Dempster-Shafer method in which there is the possibility of explicit retrieval of uncertainty. Moreover, we utilize deep learning for extracting features to train the samples, selected by the sample selection algorithm based on ensemble margin. We compare our results with state-of-the-art methods on benchmarking datasets such as UNSW-NB15, CICIDS2017, and NSLKDD. Our proposed method indicate the superiority in terms of prominent metrics Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F-measure.
Tumor-immune Profiling of CT-26 and Colon 26 Syngeneic Mouse Models Reveals Mechanism to Anti-PD-1 response
Authors: Sato Yosuke , Fu Yu , Liu Hong , Lee Min Young , Shaw Michael 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies have changed the paradigm of cancer therapies. However, anti-tumor response of the ICB is insufficient for many patients and limited to specific tumor types. Despite many preclinical and clinical studies to understand the mechanism of anti-tumor efficacy of ICB, the mechanism is not completely understood. Harnessing preclinical tumor models is one way to understand the mechanism of treatment response.Methods: In order to delineate the mechanisms of anti-tumor activity of ICB in preclinical syngeneic tumor models, we selected two syngeneic murine colorectal cancer models based on in vivo screening for sensitivity with anti-PD-1 therapy. We performed tumor-immune profiling of the two models to identify the potential mechanism for anti-PD-1 response.Results: We performed in vivo screening for anti-PD-1 therapy across 23 syngeneic tumor models and found that CT-26 and Colon 26, which are murine colorectal carcinoma derived from BALB/c mice, showed different sensitivity to anti-PD-1. CT-26 tumor mice were more sensitive to the anti-PD-1 antibody than Colon 26, while both models show similarly sensitivity to anti-CTLA4 antibody. Immune-profiling and genomic/transcriptomic analysis showed that CT-26 tumor tissue was infiltrated with more immune cells than Colon 26 and that Wnt pathway was highlighted as one of the potential differences between CT-26 and Colon 26 and conferred sensitivity to anti-PD-1 therapy.Conclusions: CT-26 and Colon 26 syngeneic tumor models showed different sensitivity to anti-PD-1 therapy, although both tumor cells are murine colorectal carcinoma cell lines from BALB/c strain. By characterizing the mouse cells lines and tumor-immune context in the tumor tissues with comprehensive analysis approaches, we found that CT-26 showed “hot tumor” profile with more infiltrated immune cells than Colon 26. Further pathway analyses enable us to propose a hypothesis that Wnt pathway could be one of the major factors to differentiate CT-26 from Colon 26 model and link to anti-PD-1 response. Our approach to focus on preclinical tumor models with similar genetic background but different sensitivity to anti-PD-1 therapy would contribute to illustrating the potential mechanism of anti-PD-1 response and to generating a novel concept to synergize current anti-PD-1 therapies for cancer patients.
Consumption of Dietary Folate Estimates and Its Implication for Reproductive Outcome among Women of Reproductive Age in Kersa: Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Assefa Nega , Abdullahi Yasir Y , Abrham Aklilu , Hemler Elena C , Madzorera Isabel , Dessie Yadeta , Teji Kedir , Fawzi Wafaie W 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Dietary folate inadequacy is one the most common micronutrient deficiencies that causes neural tube defect (NTD) among infants in Sub-Saharan African countries. This study aims to determine the dietary intake of folate among women of reproductive age (WRA) of Kersa, Eastern Ethiopia.Methods: A cross-sectional study took place among voluntary women that were selected from 1140 random households. Using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire, participants weekly dietary intake history of Ethiopian foods and dietary folate intake was worked out. Statistical analysis was done at 95% confidence interval. Modified Poisson regression was used to identify factors that associated with dietary folate consumptionResult: The estimated median usual intake of folate was 170 ug/d (IQR: 118.3; 252.2) and about 33% WRA had low folate intake and 73.9% were at risk for folate inadequacy. From the reported food groups, Beans and Peas, Starchy staples, and Vitamin-A rich dark-green leafy vegetables were the top three ranked foods that contributed much of the dietary folate. The following conditions were statistically related with dietary folate inadequacy; women’s age, being in poor wealth index, low dietary diversity, having seasonal employment, and reliance on market food source.Conclusions: We found that women’s dietary intake of folate in Kersa is very low and cannot protect their offspring from having NTD. They could also potentially be predisposed poor health outcomes. Diversifying and fortification Ethiopian wheats and salts could decrease the burden of folate deficiency in the country.
An Assessment of Polish Women’s Level of Knowledge about Endometriosis – A Pilot Study
Authors: Szymańska Joanna , Dąbrowska-Galas Magdalena 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Insufficient knowledge about endometriosis among women is one of the causes of its delayed diagnoses. Due to the exceptional trickiness of symptoms, the most important part is played by proper and exhaustive knowledge, allowing its early detection. The objective of the study was to assess Polish women's awareness of endometriosis. Methods: The pilot studies were performed with the participation of 200 women, in an average age of M=33.65 years (SD = 11.45), who filled in the authors’ questionnaire related to self-assessment of the level of knowledge about the disease, its symptoms, late effects and directions of a remediation procedure. The statistical analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 25 suite. It included a frequency analysis, a one-way analysis of variance ANOVA, a single variable regression analysis and Student’s t-test for independent samples. Results: Almost 84% of women had heard about endometriosis, while only 1/3 of them considered their knowledge sufficient or good. Very good knowledge was declared by 4.5% of women, and 16.1% had never heard about it. The knowledge level turned out significantly higher (p = 0.001) among women with medical education. Polish women acquired their knowledge mainly from the Internet and the experience of other women. They see reasons behind their lack of knowledge in the still existing ‘taboo’ related to menstruation, the absence of information in the media and education in schools, which is critical according to 92.4% women.Conclusions: Polish women's level of knowledge about endometriosis is insufficient, which should be changed. Higher awareness is presented by women with medical education, and the higher the level of knowledge, the larger the interest of women in healthy behaviour.
Hypothetical Protein Predicted to Be Tumor Suppressor: A protein Functional Analysis
Authors: Kader Md. Abdul , Ahmed Md. Akash , Khan Md. Sharif , Ashik Sheikh Abdullah Al , Islam Md. Shariful , Hossain Mohammad Uzzal 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundLitorilituus sediminis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, novel bacterium under the family of Colwelliaceae, has a stunning hypothetical protein containing domain called von Hippel–Lindau (pVHL) that has significant tumor suppressor activity. Therefore, this study was designed to elucidate the structure and function of the biologically important hypothetical protein EMK97_00595 (QBG34344.1) using several bioinformatics tools. ResultsThe functional annotation exposed that the hypothetical protein is an extracellular secretory soluble signal peptide and containing the VHL (VHL beta) domain that has a significant role in tumor suppression. This domain is conserved throughout evolution, as its homologs are available in various types of the organism like mammals, insects, and nematode. The gene product of VHL has a critical regulatory activity in the ubiquitous oxygen-sensing pathway. This domain has a significant role to inhibit cell proliferation, angiogenesis progression, kidney cancer, breast cancer, and colon cancer. ConclusionAt last, the current study depicts that the annotated hypothetical protein is linked with tumor suppressor activity which might be of great interest to future research in the higher organism.
Fibroblast Activation Protein Targeted Therapy Using [177Lu]FAPI-46 Compared with [225Ac]FAPI-46 in a Pancreatic Cancer Model
Authors: Liu Yuwei , Watabe Tadashi , Kaneda-Nakashima Kazuko , Shirakami Yoshifumi , Naka Sadahiro , Ooe Kazuhiro , Toyoshima Atsushi , Nagata Kojiro , Haberkorn Uwe , Kratochwil Clemens , Shinohara Atsushi , Hatazawa Jun , Giesel Frederik 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP), which has high expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts of epithelial cancers, can be used as a theranostic target. Our previous study used 64Cu and 225Ac-labelled FAP inhibitors (FAPI-04) for a FAP-expressing pancreatic cancer xenograft imaging and therapy. However, the optimal therapeutic radionuclide for FAPI still needs to be further investigated. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of beta-emitter(177Lu)-labelled FAPI-46 and alpha-emitter(225Ac)-labelled FAPI-46 in pancreatic cancer models.
Methods
PET scans (1 h post injection) were acquired in PANC-1 xenograft mice (n = 9) after the administration of [18F]FAPI-74 (12.4 ± 1.7 MBq) for the companion imaging. The biodistribution of [177Lu]FAPI-46 was evaluated in the same tumour model (n = 6). For the determination of treatment effects, [177Lu]FAPI-46 and [225Ac]FAPI-46 were injected into PANC-1 xenograft mice with different doses: 3 MBq (n = 6), 10 MBq (n = 6), 30 MBq (n = 6), control (n = 4) for [177Lu]FAPI-46, and 3 kBq (n = 3), 10 kBq (n = 2), 30 kBq (n = 5), control (n = 7) for [225Ac]FAPI-46. Tumour size and body weight were followed.
Results
[18F]FAPI-74 showed rapid clearance via kidneys and high accumulation in the tumour and intestine 1h after administration. [177Lu]FAPI-46 also showed rapid clearance through kidneys and relatively high accumulation in the tumour and large intestine at 24h. Both [177Lu]FAPI-46 and [225Ac]FAPI-46 showed tumour-suppressive effects in a dose-dependent manner, with a mild decrease in body weight. The treatment effects of [177Lu]FAPI-46 were relatively slow but lasted longer than those of [225Ac]FAPI-46.
Conclusion
The dose-dependent tumour-suppressive effect of [177Lu]FAPI-46 and [225Ac]FAPI-46 suggested promising application in FAP-expressing pancreatic cancer.
BB-DCA Based Adaptive Beam Forming for Wireless Communication System
Authors: P Sekhar Babu , V Naganjaneyulu P , K Satya Prasad 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The traditional mobile radio channel has suffered always from multipath fading which invites many researchers to provide better solutions using MIMO systems. Adaptive beam forming is necessary to obtain maximum signal strength by using uplink and downlink channels. Many researchers have found different technologies to increase the performance of channel allocation. One such technology is to adapt DCA technique – Dynamic Channel Allocation in which the channels are allocated effectively by avoiding the channel interference using CCS- Cooperative Carrier Signaling technique. Also, optimization after allocating channels by defining the lower bound and upper bound in the search space using Branch and Bound technique. There are different methods of state space search available to optimise the solution. The aim of this work is to use branch and bound technique which is considered to be an effective method of finding optimal solutions by having set of feasible solutions in the search space. Multiuser MIMO system will be implemented by using this branch and bound method which is assumed to be a powerful technique among all the available existing approaches. Heuristic search is one of the efficient techniques to be applied in search space tree to find out the optimal solution among all the feasible solutions. It is designed to use MATLAB for simulating the results. This proposed Branch and Bound Dynamic Channel Allocation (BB-DCA) system using optimal search will be compared with the existing approach Channel allocation with respect to new model of channel allocation. The results of the simulation indicate that the suggested approach outperforms other current techniques.