bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of disease-associated nsSNPs by integrating multi-scale ResNet models with deep feature fusion
Authors: Ge Fang , Zhang Ying , Xu Jian , Muhammad Arif , Song Jiangning , Yu Dong-Jun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
More than 6000 human diseases have been recorded to be caused by non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs). Rapid and accurate prediction of pathogenic nsSNPs can improve our understanding of the principle and design of new drugs, which remains an unresolved challenge. In the present work, a new computational approach, termed MSRes-MutP, is proposed based on ResNet blocks with multi-scale kernel size to predict disease-associated nsSNPs. By feeding the serial concatenation of the extracted four types of features, the performance of MSRes-MutP does not obviously improve. To address this, a second model FFMSRes-MutP is developed, which utilizes deep feature fusion strategy and multi-scale 2D-ResNet and 1D-ResNet blocks to extract relevant two-dimensional features and physicochemical properties. FFMSRes-MutP with the concatenated features achieves a better performance than that with individual features. The performance of FFMSRes-MutP is benchmarked on five different datasets. It achieves the Matthew’s correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.593 and 0.618 on the PredictSNP and MMP datasets, which are 0.101 and 0.210 higher than that of the existing best method PredictSNP1. When tested on the HumDiv and HumVar datasets, it achieves MCC of 0.9605 and 0.9507, and area under curve (AUC) of 0.9796 and 0.9748, which are 0.1747 and 0.2669, 0.0853 and 0.1335, respectively, higher than the existing best methods PolyPhen-2 and FATHMM (weighted). In addition, on blind test using a third-party dataset, FFMSRes-MutP performs as the second-best predictor (with MCC and AUC of 0.5215 and 0.7633, respectively), when compared with the other four predictors. Extensive benchmarking experiments demonstrate that FFMSRes-MutP achieves effective feature fusion and can be explored as a useful approach for predicting disease-associated nsSNPs. The webserver is freely available at http://csbio.njust.edu.cn/bioinf/ffmsresmutp/ for academic use.
Sentiment Classification of Tourist’s Opinion on Tourist Places of Interest in South India using Tweet Reviews
Authors: Bharathi G , Anandharaj G 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe emergent technology has been increasingly incorporated with the tourism industry. In the digital world, social media plays an important role in identifying the most visited tourist places. More than 80% of people commonly used the social media platform called ‘Twitter’. By using tweet reviews, tourists around the world know about the feelings, suggestions and opinions of most visited tourist places in the selected region. This paper recommends an approach for the development of trip planning in South India based on tourist’s preferences. For the research, we use Twitter Application Programming Interface to collect information about the most visited tourist places in South India by using tweets reviews and store it as South India Tourism Tweet reviews database. This paper mainly focuses on analyzing Twitter reviews, which are very helpful to locate the most visited tourist place. In the tweets where reviews are mostly unstructured and heterogeneous, which are then classified into positive tweets, negative tweets and neutral tweets by using the preprocessing technique and machine learning algorithm called support vector machine. Performance measures are calculated by using the classification results. Finally, the results are plotted by using the classification results and performance measures as a wordcloud. This can be very useful for tourists to select the most visited tourist locations. The proposed system can satisfy individual tourist needs.
Ontogenetic niche specialization of the spider crab Libinia ferreirae associated with the medusa Lychnorhiza lucerna
Authors: Gonçalves Geslaine Rafaela Lemos , Wolf Milena Regina , Antunes Mariana , Amorim Felipe Wanderley , Negreiros-Fransozo Maria Lucia , Leão Castilho Antonio 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Symbiotic relationships in marine environments are not fixed and can change throughout the animal’s life. This study investigated the ontogeny of symbiosis of the spider crab Libinia ferreirae with the host medusa Lychnorhiza lucerna. We described the type of relationship, the temporal correlation among species, and food habits. More than 50% of the sampled crabs were symbionts, most in early life stages. The highest number of crabs found in a single medusa was 11. Symbiosis was observed throughout most of the year but was more evident in warm periods. The crab has many benefits in this relationship with a medusa. One is the use of food resources captured by the medusa, primarily copepods. Because the crab steals the medusa’s food, it is a kleptoparasitic relationship. There is a niche partition between symbiont and the free-living crabs as they occupy different habitats and use nonoverlapping food resources. Previous research reported that symbiosis first developed during the crab’s last larval phase (megalopa) when crab and medusa are in the same habitat. Observation of the crab’s behavior shows that symbiosis occurs when the crab can grab to the medusa when the host touches the sea bottom. The crab also took advantage of water currents, releasing itself from the substrate and then drifting toward the medusa. The symbiotic relationship that crabs have with the medusa provides then with a nursery, food resources, shelter, dispersion, and decreased competition with free-living adult crabs, all essential for the crab’s survival.
Visual Clues to the Holocaust: The Case of the Deportation of Jews from Northern Greece
Authors: Ragaru Nadège , Le Noc Maël 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study explores the persecution of Greek Jewry in Bulgarian-occupied lands by analyzing a unique silent film, preserved in several archives, depicting the March 1943 roundup, transfer, and deportation of Greek Jews. Rather than approaching the archival footage as merely illustrative, the authors analyze it as an element integral to the study of these historical events. They identify the locations and situations visible in most sequences by drawing on various sources: photographs, newsreels, maps, digitalized data visualizations, print archival records, and oral testimonies. Uncovering the political, social, and geographical contexts of the footage production and editing thus contributes to the field of visual Holocaust studies and the history of the deportation of Jews from Bulgarian-occupied western Thrace and eastern Macedonia.
Results from a multicentre evaluation of plug use for left ventricular assist device explantation
Authors: Potapov Evgenij V , Politis Nikolaos , Karck Matthias , Weyand Michael , Tandler René , Walther Thomas , Emrich Fabian , Reichenspurrner Hermann , Bernhardt Alexander , Barten Markus J , Svenarud Peter , Gummert Jan , Sef Davorin , Doenst Torsten , Tsyganenko Dmytro , Loforte Antonio , Schoenrath Felix , Falk Volkmar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Myocardial recovery allows for left ventricular assist device (LVAD) explantations after long-term support. Several surgical approaches, including interventional decommissioning, off-pump explantation using a custom-made plug and complete LVAD removal through redo sternotomy, have been described. We present the results from an evaluation of the long-term follow-up of patients who received a titanium sintered plug after LVAD explantation.

METHODS
We performed a retrospective, European, multicentre analysis of patients who received a titanium sintered plug to seal the apical fixation ring after LVAD explantation. Data were collected from a questionnaire that included demographics, procedural details and follow-up information.

RESULTS
Out of 54 contacted centres in 12 countries (n = 179 patients), a total of 68 patients were successfully included in the study. The median follow-up was 34 months (interquartile range: 17–58.5 months); 57 (84%) patients had &gt;1-year follow-up. At the time of the last follow-up, 55 (81%) patients were alive, with a Kaplan–Meier 1-year survival of 90.1% (95% confidence interval: 84.0–98.1%) and a 5-year survival of 80.0% (95% confidence interval: 68.4–92.9%). One patient (1.5%) developed a plug infection originating from an infected part of the incorporated driveline and, after complete removal, is currently in good condition. No postoperative stroke has been reported after plug implantation.

CONCLUSIONS
In this European multicentre study, the use of a custom-made titanium plug to close the apical fixation ring after LVAD explantation resulted in a low incidence of plug-related complications. With the volume of patients undergoing LVAD explantations after myocardial recovery increasing, the plug has evolved as a simple alternative to more invasive device explantation procedures or decommissioning with a high risk for infection of the remaining system or stroke.
Pyramid transform of manifold data via subdivision operators
Authors: Mattar Wael , Sharon Nir 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Multiscale transforms have become a key ingredient in many data processing tasks. With technological development we observe a growing demand for methods to cope with nonlinear data structures such as manifold values. In this paper we propose a multiscale approach for analyzing manifold-valued data using a pyramid transform. The transform uses a unique class of downsampling operators that enable a noninterpolating subdivision schemes as upsampling operators. We describe this construction in detail and present its analytical properties, including stability and coefficient decay. Next, we numerically demonstrate the results and show the application of our method to denoising and anomaly detection.
Modeling Diffusion through Statistical Network Analysis: A Simulation Study and Empirical Application to Same-Sex Marriage
Authors: Elkink Johan A , Grund Thomas U 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The study of international relations by definition deals with interdependencies among countries. One form of interdependence between countries is the diffusion of country-level features, such as policies, political regimes, or conflict. In these studies, the outcome variable tends to be categorical, and the primary concern is the clustering of the outcome variable among connected countries. Statistically, such clustering is studied with spatial econometric models. This article instead proposes the use of a statistical network approach to model diffusion with a binary outcome variable. Using a statistical network instead of spatial econometric models allows for modeling autocorrelation in policy outcomes rather than the corresponding latent variable, and it simplifies the inclusion of temporal dynamics, higher level interdependencies, and interactions between network ties and country-level features. In our simulations, the performance of the Stochastic Actor-Oriented Model (SAOM) estimator is evaluated. Our simulation results show that spatial parameters and coefficients on additional covariates in a static binary spatial autoregressive model are accurately recovered when using SAOM. To demonstrate this model, the paper applies SAOM to original data on the international diffusion of same-sex marriage and gives practical instructions for using such models.
Reverse-transcription PCR increases sensitivity of broad-range fungal detection in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
Authors: Glasgow Heather L , Cruz Kurtis , Murphy Sean C 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Broad-range PCR targeting 28S D1-D2 ribosomal DNA (rDNA) identifies numerous fungi but has limited sensitivity in clinical specimens. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) vastly outnumbers rDNA, suggesting reverse transcription (RT)-PCR could improve detection. Among contrived samples, RT-PCR decreased 28S PCR cycle threshold values by 10--12 cycles and lowered the limit of detection &gt; 2000-fold. Among 32 bronchoalveolar lavage specimens, RT-PCR detected 12/15 (80%) fungal PCR- or culture-positive specimens, versus 6/12 (50%) by 28S PCR, 9/12 (75%) by any fungal PCR, and 13/15 (87%) by culture. RT-PCR newly identified fungi in 4/17 (24%) PCR- and culture-negative specimens. RT substantially increased 28S PCR sensitivity overall.

Lay summary
Fungal infection remains difficult to diagnose in the laboratory. Here, we have shown that detecting ribosomal RNA and DNA, rather than only ribosomal DNA, in a broad range fungal assay results in a significant enhancement in the ability to detect and identify fungal pathogens in clinical samples.
Making Sense of a Seemingly Random Walk
Authors: Westphal James D. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter traces the origins of my research on corporate governance and describes the pitfalls and challenges that arose early in my career. Many of these pitfalls are characteristic of conducting interdisciplinary research more generally. They include criticism from discipline-based scholars, special challenges in negotiating the peer review process, failure to articulate a coherent theoretical framework in individual articles, and the struggle to articulate a coherent identity as a scholar. The lessons learned should apply broadly to conducting interdisciplinary research on virtually any topic in organization theory and strategic management.
Messages to My Younger Self
Authors: McGahan Anita M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter offers the reflections of a late-career scholar working on private entrepreneurship in the public interest. The author imagines what she would say if she could reach back in time and offer advice to her early-career self: Figure out what is important about what is changing in the world. Know yourself as a scholar, citizen, and educator. Know what is going on phenomenologically in deeper ways than what may be discussed in the news, or even contemporaneously in the journals. Once you do this, then try to contribute constructively as best you can to peaceable, responsible, satisfying, prosperous developments on the things that are important to you. Drop everything else.
Protection
Authors: Richards Neil 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The information revolution threatens to disempower digital consumers by upending our law’s assumptions, just as the Industrial Revolution did. If we are to build an equivalent to the industrial age’s “protective countermovement” for information-age consumers, privacy will be an essential part of that rejuvenation of consumer protection law. First, we need to think and talk critically about consumer protection and informational power in the digital age rather than the current inaccurate rhetoric of rational “users” making “choices” in an “ecosystem” of “innovation.” Second, we should talk about consumers as they actually are—as “situated” consumers who are predictably irrational. Third, the chapter offers a new legal regime for information-age consumer protection, improving existing information rules and deploying new ones. Fourth, it argues that privacy rules can also protect information-age consumers in a more general way by enhancing trust in relationships.
Conclusion
Authors: Richards Neil 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Privacy will inevitably come into tension with other values that good societies should care about. This book intentionally has relatively little to say about those other values, because its goal has been to make the case for privacy on the occasion of its supposed death. We cannot appropriately weigh privacy against other values if we have little idea why it matters. To recap: Privacy is the degree to which human information neither is known nor used. Human information confers power over humans, and we should think about it in terms of the rules that govern human information—instrumental rules that promote human values like human identity, political freedom, and consumer protection. We should also start treating privacy as a fundamental right—not a right of individual control to be bartered away but one with social dimensions and that protects the most vulnerable among us. That’s why privacy matters.
Likelihood and Its Applications
Authors: Essington Timothy E. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The chapter “Likelihood and Its Applications” introduces the likelihood concept and the concept of maximum likelihood estimation of model parameters. Likelihood is the link between data and models. It is used to estimate model parameters, judge the degree of precision of parameter estimates, and weight support for alternative models. Likelihood is therefore a crucial concept that underlies the ability to test multiple models. The chapter contains several worked examples that progress the reader through increasingly complex problems, ending at likelihood profiles for models with multiple parameters. Importantly, it illustrates how one can take any dynamic model and data and use likelihood to link the data (random variables) to a probability function that depends on the dynamic model.
Modeling in Spreadsheets
Authors: Essington Timothy E. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The chapter “Modeling in Spreadsheets” introduces some of the basic skills needed to implement the models reviewed in this book. It explains the difference between absolute and relative cell references, how to write formulas with both types of cell references, and basic spreadsheet functions such as sum, average, count, and so on. It also shows how to make simple plots (e.g. x-y scatter plots). In addition, it covers topics such as how to structure a spreadsheet for clear model analysis, naming cells, useful commands, and the data table function. Finally, it provides a brief introduction to Visual Basic, which can be used to extend to the power of spreadsheets.
Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Essington Timothy E. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The chapter “Sensitivity Analysis” reviews why sensitivity analysis is a critical component of mathematical modeling, and the different ways of approaching it. A sensitivity analysis is an attempt to identify the parts of the model (i.e. structure, parameter values) that are most important for governing the output. It is an important part of modeling because it is used to quantify the degree of uncertainty in the model prediction and, in many cases, is the main goal of the model (i.e. the model was developed to identify the most important ecological processes). The chapter covers the idea of “local” versus “global” sensitivity analysis via individual parameter perturbation, and how interactive effects of parameters can be revealed via Monte Carlo analysis. Structural versus parameter uncertainty is also explained and explored.
Next Steps
Authors: Essington Timothy E. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The final chapter of the book, “Next Steps,” reviews the material covered in the previous chapters and suggests pathways that readers might choose to further expand their knowledge. The chapter makes the three following points. First, virtually no one becomes expert in all the areas listed in the chapter. Second, the purpose of the book was to show the types of models that might be seen in more advanced textbooks and scientific literature, together with the opportunities they present to expand skills and knowledge. Third, while this book probably will not make readers skilled at every quantitative problem that will come their way, it will provide them with the foundational knowledge of concepts and basic skills that will enable them to broaden their understanding and further develop their quantitative competence and confidence.
Expectations
Authors: Davidson James 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The expectation is defined, applying integration concepts to probability measures. Leading examples are given and the different characterizations of the expectation of a function are compared. The Markov and Jensen inequalities are given and consideration of multivariate distributions then leads to the treatment of the Cauchy–Schwarz, Hölder, Liapunov, Minkowski, and Loève inequalities. The final section treats the calculus of random functions of a real variable.
Martingales
Authors: Davidson James 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter summarizes the essentials of sequential conditioning and martingale theory. After a review with examples of the basic properties of martingales and semi‐martingales, including the Doob decomposition, the upcrossing inequality and martingale convergence are studied and also the role of the conditional variances in establishing convergence. The important martingale inequalities of Kolmogorov, Doob, Burkholder, and Azuma are proved.
Near-Epoch Dependence
Authors: Davidson James 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Near‐epoch dependence (NED) is a generalized dependence concept for functions of mixing processes. This chapter gives definitions and examples, and considers the application to nonlinear dynamic processes. The relation to mixingales is the key theoretical result. Results on the preservation of NED under various transformations and a special result for the adapted sequence case are considered next. Finally, the related concept of approximability is defined which, unlike NED, can hold in the absence of integer moments.
Stochastic Convergence
Authors: Davidson James 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The modes of convergence introduced in Chapter 12 are studied in detail. Conditions for almost‐sure convergence are derived via the Borel–Cantelli lemma. Convergence in probability is contrasted, and then a number of results for convergence of transformed series are given. Convergence in LP‐norm is introduced as a sufficient condition for convergence in probability. Examples are given, and the chapter concludes with a preliminary look at the laws of large numbers.
Measures on Metric Spaces
Authors: Davidson James 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter lays the foundations for functional limit theory, considering the case of general metric spaces from a topological standpoint. The issues of separability and measurability and techniques for assigning measures in metric spaces are then discussed, developing tools to replace the methods of characteristic functions and the inversion theorem used for real sequences. The key cases of function spaces are studied and in particular the case C of continuous functions on the unit interval. Weiner measure (Brownian motion) is defined as the leading case of a measure on C.
Weak Convergence
Authors: Davidson James 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter reviews the theory of weak convergence in metric spaces. Topics include Skorokhod’s representation theorem, the metrization of spaces of measures, and the concept of tightness of probability measures. The key relation is shown between weak convergence and uniform tightness. Considering the space C of continuous functions in particular, the functional central limit theorem is proved for martingales, together with extensions to the multivariate case.
Càdlàg Functions
Authors: Davidson James 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter considers the space D of functions on the unit interval that are continuous on the right and with left limits, known as càdlàg functions. D contains and extends the space C, but is nonseparable under the uniform metric so to work with it calls for new techniques. By defining a new topology for D (the Skorokhod topology), families of measures on D can be constructed and sufficient conditions for weak convergence of partial sum processes specified.