bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metformin activates chaperone-mediated autophagy and improves disease pathologies in an Alzheimer disease mouse model
Authors: Xu Xiaoyan , Sun Yaqin , Cen Xufeng , Shan Bing , Zhao Qingwei , Xie Tingxue , Wang Zhe , Hou Tingjun , Xue Yu , Zhang Mengmeng , Peng Di , Sun Qiming , Yi Cong , Najafov Ayaz , Xia Hongguang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractChaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a lysosome-dependent selective degradation pathway implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the mechanisms that regulate CMA are not fully understood. Here, using unbiased drug screening approaches, we discover Metformin, a drug that is commonly the first medication prescribed for type 2 diabetes, can induce CMA. We delineate the mechanism of CMA induction by Metformin to be via activation of TAK1-IKKα/β signaling that leads to phosphorylation of Ser85 of the key mediator of CMA, Hsc70, and its activation. Notably, we find that amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) is a CMA substrate and that it binds to Hsc70 in an IKKα/β-dependent manner. The inhibition of CMA-mediated degradation of APP enhances its cytotoxicity. Importantly, we find that in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), activation of CMA by Hsc70 overexpression or Metformin potently reduces the accumulated brain Aβ plaque levels and reverses the molecular and behavioral AD phenotypes. Our study elucidates a novel mechanism of CMA regulation via Metformin-TAK1-IKKα/β-Hsc70 signaling and suggests Metformin as a new activator of CMA for diseases, such as AD, where such therapeutic intervention could be beneficial.
Abdominal incision defect following AAA-surgery (AIDA): 2-year results of prophylactic onlay-mesh augmentation in a multicentre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Honig S. , Diener H. , Kölbel T. , Reinpold W. , Zapf A. , Bibiza-Freiwald E. , Debus E. S. ,   for AIDA study group, Breuer Peter , Daum Harald , Eckstein Hans-Henning , Gahlen Johannes , Grommes Jochen , Hupp Thomas , Kellersmann Richard , Kortmann Helmut , Verhoeven Eric , Wenk Heiner 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe reported incidence of incisional hernia following repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) via midline laparotomy is up to 69%. This prospective, multicenter, double-blind, randomised controlled trial was conducted at eleven hospitals in Germany. Patients aged 18 years or older undergoing elective AAA-repair via midline incision were randomly assigned using a computer-generated randomisation sequence to one of three groups for fascial closure: with long-term absorbable suture (MonoPlus®, group I), long-term absorbable suture and onlay mesh reinforcement (group II) or extra long-term absorbable suture (MonoMax®, group III). The primary endpoint was the incidence of incisional hernia within 24 months of follow-up, analysed by intention to treat. Physicians conducting the postoperative visits and the patients were blinded. Between February 2011 and July 2013, 104 patients (69.8 ± 7.7 years) were randomised, 99 of them received a study intervention. The rate of incisional hernia within 24 months was not significantly reduced with onlay mesh augmentation compared to primary suture (p = 0.290). Furthermore, the rate of incisional hernia did not differ significantly between fascial closure with slow and extra long-term absorbable suture (p = 0.111). Serious adverse events related to study intervention occurred in five patients (5.1%) from treatment groups II and III. Wound healing disorders were more frequently seen after onlay mesh implantation on the day of discharge (p = 0.010) and three (p = 0.009) and six (p = 0.023) months postoperatively. The existing evidence on prophylactic mesh augmentation in patients undergoing AAA-repair via midline laparotomy probably needs critical review. As the implementation of new RCTs is considered difficult due to the increasing number of endovascular AAA treated, registry studies could help to collect and evaluate data in cases of open AAA-repair. Comparisons between prophylactic mesh implantation and the small bite technique are also required. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01353443. Funding Sources: Aesculap AG, Tuttlingen, Germany.
On the norm-preservation of squares in real algebra representation
Authors: Albiac F. , Blasco O. , Briem E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOne of the main results of the article Gelfand theory for real Banach algebras, recently published in [Rev R Acad Cienc Exactas Fís Nat Ser A Mat RACSAM 114(4):163, 2020] is Proposition 4.1, which establishes that the norm inequality $$\Vert a^{2}\Vert \le \Vert a^{2}+b^{2}\Vert $$

‖

a
2

‖
≤
‖

a
2

+

b
2

‖

for $$a,b\in {\mathcal {A}}$$

a
,
b
∈
A

is sufficient for a commutative real Banach algebra $${\mathcal {A}}$$
A
with a unit to be isomorphic to the space $${\mathcal {C}}_{{\mathbb {R}}}({\mathcal {K}})$$

C
R

(
K
)

of continuous real-valued functions on a compact Hausdorff space $${\mathcal {K}}$$
K
. Moreover, in this proposition is also shown that if the above condition (which involves all the operations of the algebra) holds, then the real-algebra isomorphism given by the Gelfand transform preserves the norm of squares. A very natural question springing from the above-mentioned result is whether an isomorphism of $${\mathcal {A}}$$
A
onto $${\mathcal {C}}_{{\mathbb {R}}}({\mathcal {K}})$$

C
R

(
K
)

is always norm-preserving of squares. This note is devoted to providing a negative answer to this problem. To that end, we construct algebra norms on spaces $${\mathcal {C}}_{{\mathbb {R}}}({\mathcal {K}})$$

C
R

(
K
)

which are $$(1+\epsilon )$$

(
1
+
ϵ
)

-equivalent to the sup-norm and with the norm of the identity function equal to 1, where the norm of every nonconstant function is different from the standard sup-norm. We also provide examples of two-dimensional normed real algebras $${\mathcal {A}}$$
A
where $$\Vert a^2\Vert \le k \Vert a^2+b^2\Vert $$

‖

a
2

‖
≤
k
‖

a
2

+

b
2

‖

for all $$a,b\in {\mathcal {A}}$$

a
,
b
∈
A

, for some $$k>1$$

k
>
1

, but the inequality fails for $$k=1$$

k
=
1

.
3D printing of patient-specific implants for osteochondral defects: workflow for an MRI-guided zonal design
Authors: Kilian David , Sembdner Philipp , Bretschneider Henriette , Ahlfeld Tilman , Mika Lydia , Lützner Jörg , Holtzhausen Stefan , Lode Anja , Stelzer Ralph , Gelinsky Michael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a common clinical practice to visualize defects and to distinguish different tissue types and pathologies in the human body. So far, MRI data have not been used to model and generate a patient-specific design of multilayered tissue substitutes in the case of interfacial defects. For orthopedic cases that require highly individual surgical treatment, implant fabrication by additive manufacturing holds great potential. Extrusion-based techniques like 3D plotting allow the spatially defined application of several materials, as well as implementation of bioprinting strategies. With the example of a typical multi-zonal osteochondral defect in anosteochondritis dissecans(OCD) patient, this study aimed to close the technological gap between MRI analysis and the additive manufacturing process of an implant based on different biomaterial inks. A workflow was developed which covers the processing steps of MRI-based defect identification, segmentation, modeling, implant design adjustment, and implant generation. A model implant was fabricated based on two biomaterial inks with clinically relevant properties that would allow for bioprinting, the direct embedding of a patient’s own cells in the printing process. As demonstrated by the geometric compatibility of the designed and fabricated model implant in a stereolithography (SLA) model of lesioned femoral condyles, a novel versatile CAD/CAM workflow was successfully established that opens up new perspectives for the treatment of multi-zonal (osteochondral) defects.Graphic abstract
Survey of Musculoskeletal Injuries, Prehike Conditioning, and On-Trail Injury Prevention Strategies Self-Reported by Long-Distance Hikers on the Appalachian Trail
Authors: Chrusch Adam , Kavin Michelle 
Published: July 2021

Introduction Studies show that 40 to 60% of long-distance hikers on the Appalachian Trail experience musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries, but these studies are over a decade old. The increasing popularity of hiking and injury prevention advances warrant re-evaluation of injury patterns. We sought to determine the frequency of self-reported MSK injuries in long-distance hikers on the Appalachian Trail and associations with prehike conditioning and on-trail injury prevention strategies. Methods The Appalachian Trail Conservancy surveys registered hikers annually. Our orthopedic team added 10 questions specific to MSK injury, training, and equipment to the 2018 to 2019 electronic, cross-sectional Appalachian Trail Conservancy survey. Descriptive statistics and frequencies were calculated. Categorical variables were compared using χ2 analysis. Correlations were performed for associations between training and gear and MSK injury. Logistic regression assessed the effect of training on MSK injury. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results Of 1295 respondents (52% response rate), 61% (n=791) reported MSK complaints; 28% (n=363) reported overuse/chronic MSK injuries, and 18% (n=238) reported acute injuries. MSK complaints resulted in 11% (n=147) stopping their hike. Respondents who did not train (13%, n=168) were significantly more likely to report an MSK injury (odds ratio 2.82; 95% CI 1.92–4.24; P<0.001). Strength training, stretch/yoga, and endurance training were associated with less injury (all P<0.001). Stabilizing footwear and poles/sticks were associated with fewer MSK complaints (all P<0.001). Conclusions Prehike training and hiking gear correlate with fewer injuries. Further research is warranted to elucidate whether promoting injury prevention strategies can reduce MSK injuries among long-distance hikers.
Physician experiences implementing antimicrobial stewardship rounds in pediatric hospital medicine: An exploratory, qualitative study
Authors: McCreary Megan L. , Tse-Chang Alena , Forbes Karen L. , Foulds Jessica L. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives:
An antimicrobial stewardship intervention was implemented for pediatric medicine units using an in-person rounds-based approach to provide stewardship recommendations and education from an antimicrobial stewardship physician and antimicrobial stewardship pharmacist.

Design, Setting, Participants, and Methods:
In this exploratory qualitative study, purposeful sampling was used to recruit participants for individual interviews at a tertiary- and quaternary-care referral center. Pediatricians and residents who attended ≥1 stewardship round were included. A semistructured interview guide was created focusing on perceptions of antimicrobial stewardship, personal experiences at stewardship rounds, and perceived impacts on patient care. Using a constant comparative analysis approach, codes were developed and collapsed into themes.

Results:
Overall, 8 pediatricians and 10 residents completed interviews. Qualitative analysis yielded 3 themes: insights into clinical reasoning, opportunity for growth and learning, and establishing and exploring professional relationships. The handshake-rounds approach encouraged participants to critically evaluate antimicrobial choices and to engage in discussion with the antimicrobial stewardship team. Participants felt validated at stewardship rounds and gained confidence prescribing antimicrobials. Face-to-face interaction reduced reluctance for some participants to consult infectious disease (ID) service; however, others worried that physicians may avoid ID consultation because of stewardship rounds.

Conclusions:
Participants found stewardship rounds to be an effective strategy for education and development of clinical reasoning skills for optimal antimicrobial prescribing—choosing wisely or choosing rightly. The effects of stewardship rounds on timing and frequency of ID consultation are interesting. Further research into important patient outcomes and consultation practices are needed locally, but our experiences may help others to reflect on the power of conversation and relationships in antimicrobial stewardship.
A Concept Analysis on Disaster Resilience in Rescue Workers: The Psychological Perspective
Authors: Mao Xiaorong , Hu Xiuying , Loke Alice Yuen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjective:The termdisaster resiliencehas not been well defined. The purpose of this article is to scrutinize the concept of disaster resilience in rescue workers.Methods:A systematic search was conducted of the PsychInfo, PubMed, ISI Web of Science, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, and Scopus databases using the key terms. The framework from Walker and Avant was used to analyze the concept of disaster resilience.Results:A total of 26 papers was included in this analysis. The attributes of disaster resilience have been identified from the literature as including personality, perceived control, self-efficacy, coping strategies, and social support. The antecedents of disaster resilience are disastrous events and preparedness for disaster. The consequences of disaster resilience are psychological well-being, posttraumatic growth, and enhanced work engagement.Conclusion:This concept analysis presents a definition of the concept of disaster resilience that could contribute to the development of a standardized screening or assessment tool and tailored training programs to strengthen disaster resilience among those who are willing to be deployed to engage in disaster rescue work and those who have been involved in such work.
Characteristics of Flood Fatalities in Japan’s Typhoon Hagibis in 2019: Secondary Analysis of Public Data and Media Reports
Authors: Yoshida Izumi , Ozaki Akihiko , Morita Tomohiro , Tsubokura Masaharu , Kami Masahiro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjective:Typhoon Hagibis struck Japan on October 12, 2019. This study documents and characterizes deaths caused by Hagibis and helps identify strategies to reduce mortality in future disasters.Methods:Japanese residents, who were killed by Typhoon Hagibis, as reported by Japan’s Fire and Disaster Management Agency, were considered for the study. Details were collected from mainstream Japanese media, and flooding data from hazard maps published by local municipalities.Results:Out of the 99 total fatalities, 65 (73.0%) were aged 65 years or above. Among those who drowned indoors (20), 18 (90.0%) lived in high-risk areas of flooding, and their bodies were found on the first floor of their residences. A total of 10 (55.6%) out of the 18 fatalities lived in homes with 2 or more floors, indicating that they could have moved upstairs to avoid the floodwater. However, 6 (33.3%) could not do so due to existing health issues.Conclusions:Relatively elderly people, particularly those in areas at high risk of flooding, were most affected. Seeking higher ground is a standard safety measure in times of flooding, but this may not be possible for everyone depending on their health status, structure of their residence, and the depth of floodwaters.
Global estimates of service coverage for severe mental disorders: findings from the WHO Mental Health Atlas 2017
Authors: Jaeschke Kara , Hanna Fahmy , Ali Suhailah , Chowdhary Neerja , Dua Tarun , Charlson Fiona 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
The study estimated service coverage for severe mental disorders (psychosis, bipolar disorder and moderate-severe depression), globally and regionally, using data collected from the Mental Health Atlas 2017.

Methods
Service coverage was defined as the proportion of people with a disorder contacting a mental health service among those estimated to have the disorder during a 12-month period. We drew upon 12-month service utilisation data from the Mental Health Atlas 2017. Expected prevalent cases of individual disorders were estimated using the disorder-specific prevalence rate estimates of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 and total population sizes. Methods for assessing the validity of country-reported service utilisation data were developed and applied.

Outcomes
From 177 countries, 50 countries provided reliable service coverage estimates for psychosis, along with 56 countries for bipolar disorder, and 65 countries for depression. The mean service coverage for psychosis was lowest in low- [10.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.3–30.4)] and lower middle-income countries [21.5% (95% CI 11.9–35.7)] and highest in high-income countries [59.5% (95% CI 42.9–74.1)]. Service coverage for bipolar disorder ranged between 3.1% (95% CI 0.8–11.5) and 10.4% (95% CI 6.7–15.8). Mean service coverage for moderate-severe depression ranged between 2.9% (95% CI 1.3–6.3) for low-income countries and 31.1% (95% CI 18.3–47.6) for high-income countries.

Interpretation
The reporting method utilised by the Mental Health Atlas appears to be reliable for psychosis but not for depression. This method of estimating service coverage provides progress in tracking an important indicator for mental health; however, it highlights that considerable work is needed to further develop global mental health information systems.
Real-world impact of vaccination on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidence in healthcare personnel at an academic medical center
Authors: Waldman Sarah E. , Adams Jason Y. , Albertson Timothy E. , Juárez Maya M. , Myers Sharon L. , Atreja Ashish , Batra Sumeet , Foster Elena E. , Huynh Cy V. , Liu Anna Y. , Lubarsky David A. , Ngo Victoria T. , Sandrock Christian E. , Taylor Sandra L. , Tompkins Ann M. , Cohen Stuart H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjective:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination effectiveness in healthcare personnel (HCP) has been established. However, questions remain regarding its performance in high-risk healthcare occupations and work locations. We describe the effect of a COVID-19 HCP vaccination campaign on SARS-CoV-2 infection by timing of vaccination, job type, and work location.Methods:We conducted a retrospective review of COVID-19 vaccination acceptance, incidence of postvaccination COVID-19, hospitalization, and mortality among 16,156 faculty, students, and staff at a large academic medical center. Data were collected 8 weeks prior to the start of phase 1a vaccination of frontline employees and ended 11 weeks after campaign onset.Results:The COVID-19 incidence rate among HCP at our institution decreased from 3.2% during the 8 weeks prior to the start of vaccinations to 0.38% by 4 weeks after campaign initiation. COVID-19 risk was reduced among individuals who received a single vaccination (hazard ratio [HR], 0.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40–0.68; P < .0001) and was further reduced with 2 doses of vaccine (HR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.09–0.32; P < .0001). By 2 weeks after the second dose, the observed case positivity rate was 0.04%. Among phase 1a HCP, we observed a lower risk of COVID-19 among physicians and a trend toward higher risk for respiratory therapists independent of vaccination status. Rates of infection were similar in a subgroup of nurses when examined by work location.Conclusions:Our findings show the real-world effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in HCP. Despite these encouraging results, unvaccinated HCP remain at an elevated risk of infection, highlighting the need for targeted outreach to combat vaccine hesitancy.
Contrasting yield formation characteristics in two super-rice hybrids that differ in growth duration
Authors: Huang Min , Tao Zui , Lei Tao , Cao Fangbo , Chen Jiana , Yin Xiaohong , Zou Yingbin , Liang Tianfeng 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThe development of high-yielding, short-duration super-rice hybrids is important for ensuring food security in China where multiple cropping is widely practiced and large-scale farming has gradually emerged. In this study, field experiments were conducted over 3 years to identify the yield formation characteristics in the shorter-duration (∼120 days) super-rice hybrid ‘Guiliangyou 2’ (G2) by comparing it with the longer-duration (∼130 days) super-rice hybrid ‘Y-liangyou 1’ (Y1). The results showed that G2 had a shorter pre-heading growth duration and consequently a shorter total growth duration compared to Y1. Compared to Y1, G2 had lower total biomass production that resulted from lower daily solar radiation, apparent radiation use efficiency (RUE), crop growth rate (CGR), and biomass production during the pre-heading period, but the grain yield was not significantly lower than that of Y1 because it was compensated for by the higher harvest index that resulted from slower leaf senescence (i.e., slower decline in leaf area index during the post-heading period) and higher RUE, CGR, and biomass production during the post-heading period. Our findings suggest that it is feasible to reduce the dependence of yield formation on growth duration to a certain extent in rice by increasing the use efficiency of solar radiation through crop improvement and also highlight the need for a greater fundamental understanding of the physiological processes involved in the higher use efficiency of solar radiation in super-rice hybrids.
Two stages of Late Carboniferous to Triassic magmatism in the Strandja Zone of Bulgaria and Turkey
Authors: Sałacińska Anna , Gerdjikov Ianko , Gumsley Ashley , Szopa Krzysztof , Chew David , Gawęda Aleksandra , Kocjan Izabela 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlthough Variscan terranes have been documented from the Balkans to the Caucasus, the southeastern portion of the Variscan Belt is not well understood. The Strandja Zone along the border between Bulgaria and Turkey encompasses one such terrane linking the Balkanides and the Pontides. However, the evolution of this terrane, and the Late Carboniferous to Triassic granitoids within it, is poorly resolved. Here we present laser ablation – inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U–Pb zircon ages, coupled with petrography and geochemistry from the Izvorovo Pluton within the Sakar Unit (Strandja Zone). This pluton is composed of variably metamorphosed and deformed granites which yield crystallization ages of c. 251–256 Ma. These ages are older than the previously assumed age of the Izvorovo Pluton based on a postulated genetic relationship between the Izvorovo Pluton and Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous metamorphism. A better understanding of units across the Strandja Zone can now be achieved, revealing two age groups of plutons within it. An extensive magmatic episode occurred c. 312–295 Ma, and a longer-lived episode between c. 275 and 230 Ma. Intrusions associated with both magmatic events were emplaced into pre-Late Carboniferous basement, and were overprinted by Early Alpine metamorphism and deformation. These two stages of magmatism can likely be attributed to changes in tectonic setting in the Strandja Zone. Such a change in tectonic setting is likely related to the collision between Gondwana-derived terranes and Laurussia, followed by either subduction of the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean beneath Laurussia or rifting in the southern margin of Laurussia, with granitoids forming in different tectonic environments.