bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical diagnostics of hydrogen-air diffusion flame
Authors: Arbuzov V A , Arbuzov E V , Dubnishchev Yu N , Zolotukhina O S , Lukashov V V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Work motivation – adaptation of optical Hilbert diagnostic methods for visualization and study of optical density and phase temperature fields in the structure of an axisymmetric diffusion hydrogen-air flame. The diagnostic complex is implemented on the basis of the IAB-451 device with modified blocks of optical filtering, information source and processing. A laminar jet flame H2/N2
in still air is considered. The investigated torch is oriented vertically. Visualization of phase disturbances induced by the medium under study in a multi-wavelength probing (λ1 = 636 nm, λ2 = 537 nm and λ3 = 466 nm) light field is performed using polychromatic Hilbert and Foucault-Hilbert transformations in combination with registration and pixel-by-pixel processing of the dynamic RGB image structure. The dynamic phase structure of the diffusion flame is visualized. The initial temperature approximation, based on the assumption of an air mixture, is corrected so that the calculated hilbertogram matches the measured one as closely as possible. The data obtained are in good agreement with the results of thermocouple measurements. The temperature was recorded by thermocouples at reference points. The phase function is reconstructed in axisymmetric sections from RGB-hilbertograms. The reliability of the results is confirmed by comparing the experimentally obtained hilbertograms and hilbertograms reconstructed from phase structures using the Abel transform.
Comparison of experimental and theoretical results of airflow around two rough surfaces at different speeds
Authors: Thu Win , Ilin D V , Skornyakova N M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The aim of the work is to determine the effect of a rough surface on the airflow flowing around it, depending on the degree of roughness of this surface. Experimental visualization of the flow of air around samples with various rough surfaces is carried out. The experimental results are compared with the theoretical results obtained as a result of modeling this process based on the RANS system of equations.
Calculation of contrast for computer simulated resolution chart image
Authors: Kachurin Yu Yu , Kryukov A V , Kananykhin O A , Fedorinov A V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The work is devoted to the analysis of the resolution chart image created with the Image Simulation mode of ZEMAX software. The changes in image quality are simulated using the model of Helios-44M-4 photographic objective lens. The research is conducted for monochromatic light conditions and computer simulated resolution test chart as an object for the lens with different chart positions. An axial beam and an off-axis beam that corresponds to the maximum object space field angle are analyzed. The calculation of contrast of the simulated resolution chart images is made modeling different spatial frequencies of the chart lines. The contrast is calculated in three ways. The first way uses the maximum and minimum values of the image illumination, and the second and third ways are based on the integral values of the illumination of black and white lines, calculated with the method of rectangles and the method of trapeziums, respectively. Having been calculated the values of contrast are compared with the theoretical values of the diffraction modulation transfer function obtained with ZEMAX.
3D image compression during ultrasound phased diagnostics based on wavelet subband coding planar scans
Authors: Bekhtin Y S , Vorobyev K M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The proposed compression method is based on the application of a two-dimensional discrete fast wavelet transform (FWT) to planar scans of 3D ultrasound images in order to simultaneously reduce redundancy and suppress speckle at a fixed quota of bits. The main idea of the method is to fuse three rules for threshold processing the wavelet coefficients of the scans, uniform and non-uniform quantizers, and bit quota distributions over subbands of the scan FWT based on the proposed cost function. The simulation results have shown that at the encoding rate of up to 1 bit/pixel, the quantity of artefacts were decreased up to 5-7 % of the original quantity under a signal-to-speckle ratio more than 16 dB, and the structural similarity index (SSIM) increased to 0.94-0.97 for defects of rectangular, triangular and oval shapes. The paper also presents the results proving the effectiveness of the proposed method in comparison with some variants of the solution according to the scheme “pre-filtering + codec”.
Cloud species classification from video recordings
Authors: Egorov D P , Kutuza B G , Akvilonova A B , Kravchenko O V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Large data bank of images has been accumulated during atmospheric cloudinessground-based observations from 2017 to 2020 near Fryazino city, Moscow Region. The problemof obtained images classification into several types is considered. The types are clear sky (noclouds); cumulus cloudiness of various extent (humilis, mediocris, congestus); very powerfulclouds such as cumulonimbus or nimbostratus; stratus cloud cover; stratocumulus clouds; lightand high-positioned clouds (altocumulus, cirrus, cirrostratus and cirrocumulus). A qualitativeanalysis of the key features of gray, blue, green and red level co-occurrence matrices for variouspixel distances and directions (angles) is performed to solve the problem. An image classification algorithm based on these and other key features retrieved during image preprocessingis developed. The quality evaluation is performed. The developed software tool is currentlysuccessfully used for atmospheric radiometry problems support.
Application of spectral analysis methods for data pre-processing of anomaly detection problem of vibration diagnostics in non-destructive testing
Authors: Trufanov N N , Churikov D V , Kravchenko O V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper is devoted to the problem of primary data processing obtained in the vibration measurements during the processing of the workpiece on a milling machine with computer numerical control. An experimental setup is described and an algorithm for analysing vibration diagnostics signals using a mathematical machine learning tool is proposed. Special attention is paid to the study of the rigidity characteristics of the machine at different relative positions of its components. The analysis of the equipment design and factors affecting the ongoing process is carried out, as a result of which the received signal is processed and its characteristic fragments in the time and frequency domains are identified. The data is prepared for further use in solving the problem of detecting anomalies of the technological process, which implies predicting the progress of the technological process based on a mathematical model constructed using machine learning methods, and identifying deviations of the real technological process from the forecast. Preliminary preparation is carried out using the windowed Fourier transform. Various variants of windows in the transformation are considered, including those constructed using atomic functions. Calculations are performed using the Python 3.9 language, the main results are supported by graphs. The development of training methods for the considered models of neural networks is the subject of further research.
Optical system of 3D AOTF-based microscopic imager
Authors: Naumov A A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a novel approach of calculating optical stereoscopic systems containing acousto-optic tunable filters. Each channel is designed separately as a simple imaging system. It is formed by an entrance lens, a radiation receiver lens, and an acousto-optic filter. The optimization of the depth of field and the magnification of the optical system is carried out during the calculations. The numerical values of the overall parameters obtained satisfy the given initial requirements. The Zemax simulation of the built optical system is in strong agreement with the calculation.
Polarization stability of the single-mode laser diodes radiation applied in radiation scattering study complexes
Authors: Parshin V A , Bliznyuk V V , Dolgov A V 
Published: December 2021

AbstractKey features of semiconductor lasers and its serially manufacturing technology modernization have greatly expanded of its using at applied studies at last 20 years. But there is set of factors restricting such lasers application in a number of optical-electronic measuring complexes. Particularly in particle image velocimetry (PIV) and laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) complexes commonly the gas and solid-state lasers is used due to more stability of spectral, energy and polarization characteristics of radiation then semiconductor lasers have. However gradual introduction of the serially manufacturing laser diodes into such systems picking up the pace that certainly characterizes the progress of reaching the required stability of its output laser radiation parameters. In laser measurement systems where medium investigation carried out by analyzing of scattering radiation in it the probe radiation polarization is often important. So the using in such systems the laser diodes as sources of radiation need to be followed by stability monitoring of its polarization characteristics which may be violated both by the outer factors and by natural degradation of inner laser diode structure. This work is devoted to the issues of monitoring the radiation polarization characteristics of the serially manufacturing single-mode laser diodes.
Raman random lasing in Ba(NO3)2 powder
Authors: Shevchenko M A , Baranov A N , Kudryavtseva A D , Maresev A N , Tcherniega N V , Umanskaya S F , Vodchits A I , Zemskov K I 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Random lasing in Raman active material – barium nitrate powder – has been registered in two temporal regimes: nanosecond and picosecond. Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in Ba(NO3)2 for picosecond excitation has been shown to have much lower threshold and spectrum containing more components than for nanosecond excitation opposite to the case of a bulk medium. In picosecond regime SRS intensity increased with temperature decreasing and redistributed in favor of the higher order components. SRS pulse duration in picosecond regime was estimated to be in the range 16.5-22 ps. High conversion efficiency of SRS in barium nitrate powder in picosecond regime and its larger stability under laser impact than for bulk samples gives possibility to use it as an active material in Raman converters.
Optical diagnostics of railway rail defects
Authors: Poroykov A Yu , Sharikova M O , Marchenkov A Yu , Barat V A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The safety of rail transport, including passenger traffic, largely depends on the timely diagnosis of the state of the rail infrastructure. To determine the state of metal structures, the method of acoustic emission (AE) is used. It is based on the registration of elastic mechanical vibrations arising in the material of the controlled object from a defect. The AE method is highly informative, but the interpretation of measurement results often causes difficulties, especially when studying complex structural elements. In this paper, it is proposed to use the digital image correlation (DIC) method to study the defects of railway rails using the acoustic emission method. Visualization of defects using the DIC method will make it possible to better interpret the results of inspection by the acoustic emission method and to establish the relationship between the size of defects and the parameters of AE pulses.
Development of ultrasound echocardiography technique for imaging of the cardiovascular system of small organisms in vivo
Authors: Machikhin A S , Zykova L A , Burlakov A B , Titov S A , Bogachenkov A N , Huang C C 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A technique based on a high-frequency ultrasound scanner was developed for imaging and characterization of the cardiovascular system of small organisms in vivo. An optical microscope combined with the ultrasonic unit was used in the experimental setup for simultaneous recording ultrasonic signals and video data. It was shown that combination of optical and ultrasonic data is effective to visualize dynamic processes in a living object. In addition to imaging of the cardiovascular system, video data was processed to estimate the period and phase of the cardiac cycle and to generate a trigger signal for the ultrasonic unit. The proposed approach and developed experimental setup were applied to imaging of the Danio rerio larva. In a result of the processing of the synchronous ultrasonic and optical data, the blood flow in the heart of the larva and the movement of surrounding organs were observed.
Classification of human skin Raman spectra using multivariate curve resolution (MCR) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA)
Authors: Matveeva I , Khristoforova Y , Moryatov A , Myakinin O , Bratchenko I , Kozlov S , Zakharov V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The main purpose of the paper is classification of the human skin Raman spectra using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) into classes depending on the disease. In vivo Raman spectra of normal skin, basal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma and pigmented nevus are considered. A feature of the approach is the analysis not of the Raman spectra themselves, but of the concentrations of the eight most significant spectra components identified using multivariate curve resolution (MCR). As a result, the ROC curve was calculated and the optimal classification threshold was chosen. The accuracy of the classification models ranged from 63.3 to 86.7%, depending on the model. The findings suggest that this approach could also be useful for classification of specific diseases.
High-performance 1×4 - demultiplexer for next-generation all-optical telecommunication systems
Authors: Vytovtov K A , Barabanova E A , Vishnevsky V M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper the new 1×4 optical demultiplexer for next-generation all-optical switching systems is proposed. The controlled mirrors are the main elements of this device. The control voltage for this mirror is generated by a rectenna from an optical control signal. In according to operation principle this optical signal enters the system simultaneously with an information signal. The analytical approach of calculation energy losses in the demultiplexer based on the translation matrix method is proposed. And also the analytical method of performance calculation is offered for the first time. First of all, the delay time due the transient mode in the power supply circuit is found. The equivalent electrical scheme of the optical demultiplexer is proposed for the first time. Note that the theoretical results obtained in this work can be used for analysing various controlled optical devices. The numerical calculations in accordance to the presented methods are carried out also.
Design of thermal imaging continuous-zoom optical system
Authors: Kryukov A V , Kachurin Yu Yu , Datiy Yu S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The report tells about the design of a middle wave infrared continuous-zoom imaging optical system. To capture the image in an «eye-type» infrared optical system a multi-element sensor is used. To increase the contrast of the thermal image the sensor is equipped with a cold aperture. The use of an optical system based on the continuous-zoom lens makes it possible to solve the problems of object detection and identification more effectively but requires taking into account some features of varifocal lenses. The optical system being analyzed in the report includes front zoom objective system and secondary imaging system. The front zoom optical system is composed of four groups and provides the focal length that is continuously changed with a large zoom ratio (15–20X) under the condition of a constant total length of the system. The secondary imaging system is designed for zoom system exit stop and sensor cold stop conjugation. The design technique represents analytical expressions and equations to obtain optical parameters of the front and secondary system components and the motion curves for movable groups.
Helium isotope studies of the Central Tien Shan
Authors: Polyak B G , Bataleva E A , Rybin A K 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe research shows new results of isotope-helium studies carried out in the Tien Shan - Naryn and Atbashi basins. Sampling of thermal mineral springs in the Eastern Tien Shan was carried out in order to identify traces of mantle emanations in fluids and to assess the degree of permeability of the Earth’s crust for the introduction of deep masses, which would make it possible to clarify the nature of the interaction of the crust and mantle in the zone of recent orogeny. Concentrations of helium isotopes were measured in gas and water samples from 6 thermal mineral springs in the Central Tien Shan. It was found that fluids from three sources contain an abnormally high amount of mantle helium. In the gases of the Narzan source, the ratio3He/4He in the gas phase (597÷600) × 10−8reaches the Central Asian maximum found earlier on the Fergana ridge in the Kyzyl-Beles source (510÷630) × 10−8. The obtained results support the ideas on the existence of two sublatitudinal positive helium isotope anomalies on the northern and southern flanks of the Eastern Tien Shan - in the zones of junction of the epiplatform neoorogene with more ancient tectonically stable structures.
The magnitude of the transverse contraction of the Middle Tien Shan along the “Karabuk” profile at the late orogenic stage
Authors: Przhiyalgovskii E S 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe detailed geological profile “Karabuk” constructed in recent years, crossing the triad of alpine structures “Naryn Depression - Baibichetoo Uplift - Atbashi Depression [[CHECK_DOUBLEQUOT_ENT]] in the central part of Tien Shan, provides new material for studying the style and parameters of deformations at the late phase of the Indian - Eurasian plate collision. Using original methodological techniques and in accordance with the basic principles of balanced sections method, the horizontal deformation of the rock complex of the Cenozoic sedimentary cover (a meridional reduction in the width of the orogenic belt) was determined, starting from the end of the Neogene. Variations in the thickness of the cover layers determined during the research were taken into account. The presented tectonic reconstruction demonstrates the structure of a single Naryn-Atbashi sedimentary basin before the intense deformations at the late orogenic phase. It is significant, that the magnitude of deformations on individual segments of the profile differs markedly. The cover of the Atbashi depression is more deformed, its width has decreased by 6 km (about 17%) in this section, while the borders of the wider Naryn depression have converged by only 3.7 km (8%). The total South-North contraction of the NBA system measured by us during the Cenozoic is about 10 km (12% of its original width). The values of the contraction from south to north (the horizontal component of the deformation) obtained by us compared with the values given by other researchers.
Convergence of daily mean coordinates of precise positioning methods
Authors: Kenigsberg D V , Salamatina Yu M , Prokhorov O A , Kuzikov S I 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
As part of the research of modern movements of the Earth’s crust, an analysis of 7 high-precision methods for calculating GNSS positions was carried out for the convergence of their daily mean coordinates. Based on Euclidean distances, regular and maximal discrepancies between coordinates of different methods are given. According to the coordinates in the ITRF, 5 methods are stood out with regular coordinate discrepancies <1 mm, and individual maximum discrepancies up to 30 mm. The other two methods have regular discrepancies in coordinates up to 2 cm, and the maximum differences reach 1 m. For a group of stations global coordinates transformation into a local reference frame leads to the effect of coordinate stabilization and increases their relative precision in the time series. As a result of such procedure, the level of maximum coordinate discrepancies between the methods decreased to 46%. Moreover, one of the methods of calculating coordinates has improved its convergence with the other methods by 80%. Based on the Euclidean distance method, the quality of the raw data for each station was evaluated. Thus, there is a group of 8 stations, for which the convergence of coordinates in different methods are approximately at the same level, and 2-3 times better than for the other 2 stations.
Extended isolation forest – application to outlier detection in geomagnetic data
Authors: Imashev S A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study is to present a method for detection of outliers in the time series of total intensity of geomagnetic field using Extended Isolation Forest algorithm. The method is consisted of three steps: 1) generation of additional features that take into account the regular daily variation and smooth behaviour of normal data, 2) detection of potential outliers based on ensemble of extended isolating trees and 3) subsequent refinement based on difference between the outlier and its replacement with interpolated value. Application of the method for detection of outliers in yearly time series of the total geomagnetic field at Ak-Suu and Kegety stations showed that the algorithm identifies both global and contextual outliers. Average classification metrics for the method are characterized as high and have the following values: precision 94.3%, recall 93.9% and F-score 94.5%, and probabilities of errors of the first and second kind are comparable to similar algorithms used for detection of outliers in magnetograms of different sampling rate.
Geoelectrical structure and monitoring in fault zones of Uimon depression in Gorny Altai region using electromagnetic methods
Authors: Nevedrova N N , Sanchaa A M , Shaparenko I O 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper we present the results of our studies of sections of the Uimon basin in Gorny Altai (Russia) using a complex of electrical prospecting methods. The areas of Baratal Formation at the surface have been investigated. This areas explored in order to understand the stages of formation of the depression. In addition, the possibilities of the electrotomography method for regular observations in seismoactive regions are shown. Comparison of the amplitudes of the resistivity variations based on repeated ERT measurements in different zones of the Terekta fault indicates the activity of its eastern part, which is expressed in significant resistivity variations exceeding 100%. At the same time, the variations in the northwestern part of the fault, reaching 15% on average, are many times smaller.
Refinement of the seismicity of construction sites for high-rise buildings
Authors: Kamchybekov M , Murataliev N , Kamchybekov Y 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The development of the construction of high-rise residential buildings requires a separate approach, depending on the engineering and geological conditions of the site for seismic microzoning. There are not only engineering sectors but also large premises that will serve as business offices and technical centers in the underground part of high-rise buildings. In this regard, the foundation of the building goes to great depth. The influence of soil conditions at the level of abutment of the buildings’ foundation can be determined with seismic microzoning. As a result, the task of clarifying the projected construction site in construction is currently relevant. It includes the refinement of the seismic intensity of the construction site during the construction of high-rise buildings, which are located in different multilayer soil types.