bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
D-GF-CNN Algorithm for Modulation Recognition
Authors: Du Ruiyan , Liu Fulai , Xu Jialiang , Gao Fan , Hu Zhongyi , Zhang Aiyi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a novel modulation recognition algorithm based D-GF convolutional neural networks, named as D-GF-CNN algorithm. Firstly, a asynchronous delay sampling (ADS) technique is introduced. Via the defined ADS, the received signal is converted into asynchronous delay histogram (ADH). The ADH of different modulation signal has distinct characteristics, which provides great convenience for the neural network to identify the modulation mode. Then, the pixel point matrix of histogram is convolved with the dilated convolution kernel of the convolutional neural network, and the automatic extraction of signal features is completed so that the manual feature extraction processing can be effectively avoid. According to the optimization theory, a novel GF regularization function is given, which can improve the constraint ability of the loss function on the weight and effectively weaken the influence of network over-fitting on the modulation recognition accuracy. Theoretical analysis and simulation experiments show that the proposed algorithm can offer several advantages, such as automatically extract features, effectively prevent network over-fitting and improve recognition accuracy, etc.
Leaves and Roots of Micropropagated Plants Adopt Different Pathways for Withanolide Biosynthesis in Withania Coagulans: A Comparative Transcriptome Study
Authors: Gupta Swati , Bohra Manoj Kumar , sharma Kalpna , Kachhwaha Sumita , Kothari Shanker Lal , Jain Rohit 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal commonly known as paneerbandh due to its milk coagulating properties, is a widely used medicinal herb, and micropropagated plants of the plant to produce some novel withanolides. Trasncscriptome sequencing of leaves and roots of micropropagated plants of W. coagulans assembled total 8.08 and 6.35 GB of raw reads into 292,074 and 16,474 high quality reads, out of which 267,119 and 15,758 unigenes were identified in WcL and WcR, respectively. Further, 40.6% WcL and 55.05% WcR unigenes were annotated using more than one database. Metabolic process and cellular components were identified as dominant categories in gene ontology, while total 20,927 WcL and 2,474 WcR unigenes were mapped to different biological pathways. KEGG classification aided in identification of genes involved in biosynthesis of withanolide precursor, 24-methylenecholesterol. All the genes related to withanolide precursor biosynthesis were present only in WcL, indicating de novo biosynthesis of withanolides, while absence of some rate limiting enzymes in WcR indicated towards biosynthesis of withanolides through salvage pathways. GTs, MTs and CYP450s were identified as putative genes involved in conversion of 24-methylenecholesterol to different withanolides. Differential expression of these genes further revealed details of enzymes involved in biosynthesis of tissue-specific withanolides. Further, withanolide profiling through HPLC analysis ascertained the differential biosynthesis and accumulation of withanolides in both the tissues in relatively very less concentration confirmed their biosynthesis through salvage mechanism in roots. Therefore, the present study can be fruitful for future research and product development of W. coagulans through pathway engineering. Moreover, the SSRs identified in this study can be used in marker assisted breeding and selection of biochemically elite varieties of W. coagulans.
Performance Evaluation of Standard Health System Microscopy and Rapid Diagnostic Test for the Focused Screening and Treatment of Malaria in South-eastern Tanzania
Authors: kangming lin , Wang Duoquan , Chaki Prosper , Mihayo Michael , Luo Fei , Lu Shenning , Ma Xuejiao , Jiang Weikang , Yan He , Feng Jun , Abilahi Faraji , Kokouvi Kassegne , Ernes Tambo , DGosling Roly , Huang Yaming , Xiao Ning , Zhou Xiaonong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The Focused screening and treatment (FSAT) has been identified as one of the key approaches for reducing the malaria burden in Tanzania. However, the diagnostic performance of the local standard health system microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) for the malaria infections is yet to be established. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the performance of the local standard health system microscopy and RDTs in comparison to that of the gold standard modality through the re-examination of blood slide microscopy findings. Methods: We used the paired RDTs and standard health system microscopy results from the participants screened in the FSAT during 2015–2016. With the gold standard modality as reference, the results of local standard health system microscopy and RDTs were evaluated according to their sensitivity, specificity and reliability.Results: A total of 1,497 paired standard health system microscopy and RDTs results were analysed. Of these, 679 (45.4%) samples and 818 (54.6%) samples were from the high transmission areas (HTA) and low transmission areas (LTA) in the Rufiji District of south eastern Tanzania, respectively. With the gold standard as the reference, the sensitivity of RDTs were higher than those of standard health system microscopy (87.10% vs 76.88%) and (86.99% vs 65.04%) in the HTA and LTA, respectively. Further, the false-negative rates of RDTs were lower than those of standard microscopy in both HTA (12.90% vs 13.01%) and LTA (23.12% vs 34.96%). Conclusions: RDTs have better performance than the standard health system microscopy in terms of sensitivity and specificity for FSAT in study areas in Tanzania.
Aplastic Anemia Secondary to Dual Cancer Immunotherapies A Physician Nightmare: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Younan Romy G. , Raad Roy A. , Sawan Bassem Y. , Said Rabih 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTreatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionized cancer treatment over the past several years. Despite their clinical benefits, a wide range of immune-mediated toxicities can be observed including hematological toxicities. Although, the majority can easily be managed, immune-mediated adverse events rarely can be severe and difficult to approach. Herein, we are reporting a case of very severe aplastic anemia secondary to ipilimumab (I) and nivolumab (N) treatment that failed various treatment including intensive immune suppressive therapy.Case presentationWe described a case of a 45-year old white male, heavy smoker presented to the clinic complaining of left flank pain. He was found to have a metastatic renal cell carcinoma for which he was treated with dual immunotherapy and later complicated by severe immune related adverse events. The patient later died after failing intensive immune suppressive therapy.ConclusionImmunotherapy has become an established pillar of cancer treatment improving the prognosis of many patients with variant malignancies. Yet, lethal adverse events can occur in rare cases. It is our duty, as physicians, to remain alert and cautious.
Global stakeholder perspectives of home birth: a systematic scoping review.
Authors: Brunton Ginny , Wahab Samira , Sheikh Hassan , Davis Beth Murray 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Home birth is experienced by people very differently worldwide. These experiences likely differ by the type of stakeholder involved (women, their support persons, birth attendants, policy-makers), the experience itself (low-risk birth, transfer to hospital, previous deliveries), and by the health system within which home birth occurs (e.g. high-resource versus low- and middle-resource countries). Research evidence of stakeholders’ perspectives of home birth could usefully inform personal and policy decisions about choosing and providing home birth, but the current literature is fragmented and its breadth is not fully understood. We conducted a systematic scoping review to understand how the research literature on stakeholders’ perspectives of home birth is characterized in terms of populations, settings and identified issues, and what potential gaps exist in the research evidence. A range of electronic, web-based and key informant sources of evidence were searched. Located references were assessed, data extracted and analysed using robust methods. Our analysis included 387 full reports. Findings from 181 reports of studies in high-resource countries suggested that research with fathers, midwives and vulnerable populations and perspectives of freebirth and transfer to hospital could be synthesized, but gaps in primary research exist with respect to family members, policy makers, and those living in rural and remote locations. A further 206 reports of studies in low- and middle-resource countries suggested evidence for syntheses related to fathers and other family members, policy makers and other health care providers, and examination of issues related to emergency transfer to hospital, rural and remote home birth and those who birth out of hospital, often at home, despite receiving antenatal care intended to increase healthcare-seeking behaviour. Gaps in primary research suggest an examination is needed of perspectives in countries with higher maternal mortality, and among first-time mothers and young mothers. Our scoping review identified a considerable body of research evidence on stakeholder perspectives of home birth. These could inform the complex factors influencing personal decisions and health system planning around home birth in both high- and low- and middle-resource countries. Future primary research is warranted on specific stakeholders worldwide and with vulnerable populations in areas of high maternal mortality.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice During the COVID-19&nbsp;Pandemic in South-east Gabon.
Authors: IMBOUMY-LIMOUKOU Roméo Karl , NGOUBANGOYE Barthélemy , DIBAKOU Serge Ely , OYEGUE-LIBAGUI Lydie Sandrine , MOUNIOKO Franck , KOUNA Lady Charlene , ONTOUA Steede Seinnat , MPEGA Nancy Cheronne MBANI , MATANGOYE Walter Roddy , LEKANA-DOUKI Jean-Bernard 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCOVID-19 is an emerging respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. It has spread from China to more than 200 countries and has been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). This survey aimed to describe the knowledge, attitudes, perception and practices (KAP) of the Gabonese public towards the COVID-19 disease.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was performed on 1016 participants aged 10 years and over in rural and urban area in south-east Gabon, using a questionnaire. All participants filled the questionnaire voluntarily, reporting demographic characteristics and answering questions assessing their level of knowledge, attitudes, perceptions and practice toward the COVID-19. ResultsAmong the 1016 participants, there were 535 men (52.7%) and 476 women (46.9%). The mean age of the participants was 33.2±16.7 years old. Almost all participants (98.1%) said that they had heard about COVID-19 but only 2.8% knew the pathogenic agent responsible for COVID-19. Only 20.9% of respondents thought that vaccination can protect them but 51.9% were looking forward to getting the vaccine when available. More than 80% knew that the disease could be transmitted by greeting infected people (87.3%), kissing an infected person (90.0%), touching an infected doorknobs (83.5%), and attending meetings (83.9%). The mean knowledge score was higher among younger than older participants, higher among participants living in urban area than those living in rural areas, and higher among participants with higher levels of education than those with lower levels of education.ConclusionIn general, respondents had good knowledge of COVID-19, and a positive attitude towards using protective measures. These results are encouraging in the fight against the spread of COVID-19 in Gabon. However, efforts are needed to improve the knowledge level in older participants, those living in rural areas and those with low levels of education. Awareness campaigns in local languages could, for example, be conducted to improve knowledge of the disease in rural areas.
Breaking a Dative Bond with Mechanical Forces
Authors: Chen Pengcheng , Fan Dingxin , Zhang Yunlong , Selloni Annabella , Carter Emily , Arnold Craig , Dankworth David , Rucker Steven , Chelikowsky James , Yao Nan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Bond breaking and forming is essential in every chemical reaction. Here, we report a single dative bond breaking process revealing an unprecedented level of detail using noncontact atomic force microscopy. The dative bond between carbon monoxide and ferrous phthalocyanine was ruptured via mechanical forces applied by atomic force microscope tips; the process was quantitatively measured and characterized both experimentally and via first principles quantum mechanics modeling. Our results show that the bond can be ruptured either by applying an attractive force of ~150 pN (pulling) or by a repulsive force of ~220 pN (pushing), accompanied by changes of the spin state of the system. Our combined experimental and computational studies provide a deeper understanding of the chemical bond breaking process.
Effect of Flood Pulse on the Functional Diversity and Traits Composition of Birds With Different Degrees of Wetland Dependence in the Brazilian Pantanal
Authors: Frota Angélica Vilas Boas da , Vitorino Breno Dias , Almeida Sara Miranda , Nunes Josué Ribeiro da Silva , Silva Carolina Joana Da 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Hydrological dynamics of the Pantanal wetland drive the availability of resources and niche for aquatic and terrestrial fauna. We consider that changes in the hydrological regime of this floodplain can affect species richness, abundance and functional structure of waterbirds, wetland birds and non-wetland birds. Our study aimed to assess whether the degree of wetland dependence influences the response of bird groups to the flood pulse. We conducted the bird survey in the Paraguay River floodplain system, in five sampling sites, covering the periods of drought, flooding, full flood and ebb of the 2017–2018 hydrological cycle. Species richness and abundance were higher for non-wetland birds than waterbirds and wetland birds. On the other hand, we found that the higher the degree of wetland dependence by birds, the higher the differences in the functional-trait values. Species richness, abundance and all metrics of functional diversity varied significantly when there was an interaction between the degree of wetland dependence and the hydrological period. In all hydrological periods, bird groups occupied distinct niches. Traits such as foraging around or below the water surface were among the dominant functional traits in all hydrological periods. We emphasize the need to consider the functional traits of species in ecological studies of wetlands since measuring only species richness may not reflect the characteristics inherent to this type of ecosystem. In addition, the conservation of wetlands directly implies the maintenance of various niches throughout the hydrological periods, either for dependent or non-dependent bird species in wetlands.
A Novel Hybrid Data Center Architecture Employing Optically-Switched WDM LANs over Electrical Fat Trees
Authors: Sahoo Tapasmini , Mohanty Bibhu Prasad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Inter connection network in a data center is the need of the hour as the communication backbone which caters the demands to accommodate a large number of servers with minimum possible end-to-end delay. The traditional Fat tree based topologies play a pivotal role for data center network (DCN) albeit in a low scale, on the other hand the upcoming electrical-cum-optical hybrid architecture demands huge power consumption and exhibit significant end-to-end delay. The present work depicts a proposal of highly scalable novel hybrid architecture employing optically switched WDM LANs (based on ShuffleNet topology) over electrical Fat trees with the use of substantial number of optical devices, the proposed DCN architecture is shown to offer reasonable reduction of end-to-end delay to 12.29µs for mouse traffic and 10.01ms for elephant traffic as compared to Optical Switching Architecture (OSA), which has significant 23ms of delay for any traffic condition.
Malaria Morbidity and Mortality Among Patients Admitted at a Tertiary Hospital in Congo DRC and Their Correlates: a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Tshikuka Jose Gaby , Magafu Mgaywa Gilbert Mjungu Damas , Nsikungu Maurice Kalukul , Tapera Roy , Mupupe Charleine Inkembila , Nkola Delphin Mwela , Kalend Jean Kabwe , Kwete Jeanpy 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: In the last two decades, there has been tremendous financial support, political will, and commitment to global malaria elimination focusing on endemic areas. This commitment and support have enabled a few countries to eliminate malaria, while others are making remarkable progress towards elimination. Nevertheless, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), the status of Roll Back Malaria (RBM) impact indicators is unclear even though the country is one of the high burden malaria countries in the world. The study aimed to determine malaria morbidity and mortality at Kinshasa Referral General Hospital (KRGH) or the status of RBM impact indicators and factors associated with it.Methods: The study recruited 870 patients admitted at the KRGH in 2017 and 2018. Patient distribution by cause of admission was analysed. Malaria morbidity, mortality, and case-fatality-rates were estimated. A logistic regression model using malaria morbidity/mortality as the dependent variable was developed.Results: The morbidity rate was higher in 2018 than in 2017. Mortality and case-fatality-rates were comparable for the two years. Inpatients with low socioeconomic status (SES) were more than twice at risk of malaria morbidity/mortality than inpatients with high SES. The same results were found among city outskirts dwellers vis-a-vis city residents, with city residents faring better. Conclusion: Malaria morbidity and mortality in DRC were still high at the time of the study, affecting mostly people with low SES. Funding policies in the health sector need to be adjusted for DRC to address the current situation. Access to malaria health care services including drugs for low SES communities should be given priority.
Multiple Breath Wash-out for early assessment of pulmonary complications in patients with Primary Antibody Deficiencies: an observational study in pediatric age
Authors: Secchi Teresa , Baselli Lucia Augusta , Russo Maria Chiara , Borzani Irene , Carta Federica , Lopopolo Amalia , Foà Michaela , Vecchia Adriano La , Agostoni Carlo Virginio , Agosti Massino , Dellepiane Rosa Maria 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose. In Primary Antibody Deficiencies (PADs), pulmonary complications are the main cause of morbidity, despite immunoglobulin substitutive therapy, antibiotic treatment of exacerbations and respiratory physiotherapy. Current recommendations for surveillance of PADs respiratory complications include the annual assessment of spirometry and the execution of chest High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) every four years.This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Lung Clearance Index (LCI) as early marker of lung damage in patients with PADs. LCI is measured by Multiple Breath Wash-out, a non-invasive and highly specific test widely used in Cystic Fibrosis patients.Methods. Pediatric patients with PADs (n=17, 10, M, 7, F, age range 5-15 years) underwent baseline assessment of lung involvement with chest HRCT, Spirometry and Multiple Breath nitrogen Wash-out. Among them, 13 patients were followed up to repeat HRCT after four years, while performing Pulmonary Function Tests annually. Their baseline and control LCI and FEV1 values were compared, taking HRCT as gold standard, using logistic regression analysis.Results. LCI (OR 2.43 at baseline, OR 14.95 at control) has a stronger discriminating power between altered and normal HRCT rather than FEV1 (OR 0.82 at baseline, OR 1.91 at control).Conclusion. Within the context of a limited sample size, LCI seems to be more predictive of HRCT alterations than FEV1 and more sensitive than HRCT in detecting ventilation inhomogeneity, in absence of bronchiectasis. A study of a larger cohort of pediatric patients followed longitudinally in adulthood is needed to challenge these findings.
Forward and Inverse Relational Models between Machined Surface Roughness and Key Parameters of Machining Process
Authors: Pan Ri , Xingfei Ren , Wang Zhenzhong , Chen Dongju , Fan Jinwei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The relational model between machined surface roughness (MSR) and the adopted key machining parameters (KMPs) significantly influences the predictability and controllability of the machining process; therefore, it has attracted considerable attention. However, two critical problems still persist in this field. First, although most existing studies focus on the prediction model for MSR (forward model), wherein the MSR is dependent on input KMPs values, the inverse model that can calculate the KMP based on input MSR value is equally important; however, the inverse model has not been investigated as extensively as the forward model. The second issue is that most of the existing forward models are mainly established based on mechanism analysis; however, due to the complexity of most machining processes, the accuracy and generality of the model are not optimal. Therefore, this paper proposes a universal method for mathematically establishing the inverse model of the relation between the MSR and KMP. Initially, based on the response surface methodology, orthogonal experiments were designed and conducted, and the results were used to establish the forward model between the MSR and KMP. Subsequently, by combining the forward model with a self-developed genetic algorithm-based multi-objective optimization algorithm, an establishing method for inverse model between MSR and KMPs was proposed. Finally, experiments were conducted to validate the developed models. The experimental results show that for the forward model, all the 10 experimental MSR values approach the MSR values predicted by the forward model, and the average deviation was only approximately 7%. Contrarily, for the inverse model, the average deviation was only approximately 7.64%. Both these results verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed models. With this method, as long as the desired processing results and constraints are given, the process parameters can be accurately derived.
Influence of Additive Chemistry on the Tribological Behavior of Steel/Copper Friction Pairs
Authors: Li Weimin , Su Huaigang , Chen Yunlong , Ma Rui , Zhao Gaiqing , Qi Yanxing , Wang Xiaobo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The tribological behavior of boundary lubrication is largely dominated by the anti-wear additives. Here five different anti-wear additives were selected and their tribological properties for a steel-copper contact were investigated. It was found that the tribological performance are highly depending on the anti-wear additive chemistry which determines activity, element compositions of the additive. An amine phosphate anti-wear additive AW 316 exhibit best tribological performance with the lowest mean friction coefficient of 0.082 and smallest wear volume which is more than one order of magnitude smaller than base oil. The friction-reducing order of the tested anti-wear additives are AW 316 > ZDDP > 353 > TCP > [P8888][DEHP] while anti-wear showed similar trend. In addition, the tribological mechanism of AW 316 were also discussed based on surface analysis results, and it was found that an even boundary lubrication film of 10–15 nm which was composed of copper oxides, phosphates, amines was formed on the copper disc and is responsible for its outstanding tribological performances. This study provides fundamental insights of the compatibilities among steel-copper friction pairs and suitable anti-wear additives, which can be beneficial for the development of high performance used for steel-copper friction pairs.