bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implications of surface flooding on airborne estimates of snow depth on sea ice
Authors: Rösel Anja , Farrell Sinead Louise , Nandan Vishnu , Richter-Menge Jaqueline , Spreen Gunnar , Divine Dmitry V. , Steer Adam , Gallet Jean-Charles , Gerland Sebastian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Snow depth observations from airborne snow radars, such as the
NASA's Operation IceBridge (OIB) mission, have recently been used in
altimeter-derived sea ice thickness estimates, as well as for model
parameterization. A number of validation studies comparing airborne and
in situ snow depth measurements have been conducted in the western Arctic
Ocean, demonstrating the utility of the airborne data. However, there have
been no validation studies in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic. Recent
observations in this region suggest a significant and predominant shift
towards a snow-ice regime caused by deep snow on thin sea ice. During the Norwegian
young sea Ice, Climate and Ecosystems (ICE) expedition (N-ICE2015) in the area north of Svalbard, a
validation study was conducted on 19 March 2015. This study collected
ground truth data during an OIB overflight. Snow and ice thickness
measurements were obtained across a two-dimensional (2-D) 400 m × 60 m grid.
Additional snow and ice thickness measurements collected in situ from
adjacent ice floes helped to place the measurements obtained at the gridded
survey field site into a more regional context. Widespread negative
freeboards and flooding of the snowpack were observed during the N-ICE2015
expedition due to the general situation of thick snow on relatively thin
sea ice. These conditions caused brine wicking into and saturation of the
basal snow layers. This causes the airborne radar signal to undergo more
diffuse scattering, resulting in the location of the radar main scattering
horizon being detected well above the snow–ice interface. This leads to a
subsequent underestimation of snow depth; if only radar-based information is
used, the average airborne snow depth was 0.16 m thinner than that measured
in situ at the 2-D survey field. Regional data within 10 km of the 2-D
survey field suggested however a smaller deviation between average airborne
and in situ snow depth, a 0.06 m underestimate in snow depth by the airborne
radar, which is close to the resolution limit of the OIB snow radar system.
Our results also show a broad snow depth distribution, indicating a large
spatial variability in snow across the region. Differences between the
airborne snow radar and in situ measurements fell within the standard
deviation of the in situ data (0.15–0.18 m). Our results suggest that seawater flooding of the snow–ice interface leads to underestimations of snow
depth or overestimations of sea ice freeboard measured from radar
altimetry, in turn impacting the accuracy of sea ice thickness estimates.
ADVANCED CHARACTERIZATION OF RECYCLED RUBBER FROM END-OF-LIFE TIRES
Authors: Valentín J. L. , Pérez-Aparicio R. , Fernandez-Torres A. , Posadas P. , Herrero R. , Salamanca F. M. , Navarro R. , Saiz-Rodríguez L. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
There are currently many well-established applications for recycled rubber from end-of-life tires (ELT), but it is essential to investigate and seek new approaches to enhance the value of these products. Recent developments in new technologies and innovative recycling and devulcanization processes have opened up new perspectives for ELT crumb rubber. To promote the use of these products in newly added value applications, it is essential to develop and optimize methods that allow the characterization of parameters related to the ultimate properties of potential final applications. In this respect, a novel characterization methodology based on advanced 1H double-quantum (DQ) nuclear magnetic resonance experiments has been applied for the first time to quantify the key parameters that characterize the structure of ELT crumb rubber after diverse recycling processes: from simple mechanical grinding to complex devulcanization methods. This experimental approach enables the quantification of parameters that define the network structure of rubber, such as the nonelastic network defects (sol fraction, dangling chain ends, loops), the cross-link density, and the heterogeneity of the network, directly from rubber granulate and powder (without any additional sample preparation steps), overcoming most of the drawbacks and uncertainties that limit the application of traditional rubber characterization methods (e.g., equilibrium swelling experiments). By applying this experimental approach, it is possible to identify and quantify the actual technical limits for a complete selective devulcanization process of ELT crumb rubber.
PROPERTIES OF WATER-SWELLABLE COMPOUNDS BASED ON NITRILE RUBBER WITH VARIED ACRYLONITRILE CONTENT
Authors: Vaniev M. A. , Lopatina S. S. , Sychev N. V. , Savchenko Y. Y. , Bruk A. D. , Novakov I. A. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
This article examines the development of water-swellable rubbers for oil and gas production packer equipment. The object of the investigation is to document the effect of rubber's acrylonitrile content on the swelling of the elastomers modified with sodium-carboxymethyl cellulose and a copolymer of acrylamide and potassium acrylate. After testing the samples at room temperature, the most influential factor in a material's swelling was discovered to be the mineral content in the liquids imitating well fluids. NBR polarity stemming from the inherent acrylonitrile (CN-group) level was not explicitly detected to affect the swelling rate and maximum ratio under the described conditions of the experiment. It was determined that in sodium chloride aqueous solutions with concentrations from 3 to 22%, swelling of nitrile rubber mostly depends on its cross-linking degree.
Pengaruh Pemberian Madu Sebagai Antibiotik Saat Pemasangan Terapi Intravena Terhadap Pencegahan Flebitis Di Instalasi Gawat Darurat Rumah Sakit X Pontianak
Authors: Apriana Walida , Hidayat Uti Rusdian , Hardika Revani 
Published: June 2021

Latar Belakang: Flebitis merupakan komplikasi yang sering terjadi pasca pemasangan terapi intravena. Flebitis dapat dicegah dengan pemberian antibiotik pada area insersi, salah satunya adalah dengan menggunakan madu. Tujuan Penelitian: Tujuannya untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh pemberian madu sebagai antibiotik saat pemasangan terapi intravena terhadap pencegahan flebitis di Instalasi Gawat Darurat Rumah Sakit Universitas Tanjungpura Pontianak. Jenis penelitian : Jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain quasy experiment. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan post-test only non-equivalent control group. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel 18 responden kelompok kontrol dan 18 responden kelompok intervensi sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi. Hasil penelitian : Uji yang digunakan adalah uji Mann-Whitney yang menunjukan hasil yang signifikan terhadap pengaruh pemberian madu untuk pencegahan flebitis (p=0,021). Terdapat pengaruh pemberian madu sebagai antibiotik saat pemasangan terapi intravena terhadap pencegahan flebitis. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa madu bermanfaat dalam mencegah terjadinya flebitis. Penelitian lebih lanjut masih diperlukan dengan mempertimbangkan faktor-faktor resiko yang mempengaruhi terjadinya flebitis agar hasil yang di harapkan lebih efektif.
Colonizações radiculares por fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs) em áreas degradadas pela exploração petrolífera no Estado do Amazonas, Brasil
Authors: Medeiros Gisele Silva de , Moreira Francisco Wesen , Oliveira Luiz Antonio de 
Published: June 2021

A recuperação de áreas degradadas na Amazônia é um desafio a ser enfrentado para que a região não sofra tanto impacto das ações antrópicas. As áreas degradadas de clareiras e jazidas causadas pela exploração petrólífera em Urucu servem de referencial para o desenvolvimento de tecnologias de recuperação em toda a Amazônia. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a importância dos fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs) nos componentes dos solos que sofrem impactos direto e indireto da exploração petrolífera, a partir da análise nos níveis de colonização radicular de mudas de espécies florestais e frutíferas utilizadas na recuperação das áreas exploradas pela atividade petrolífera, assim como suas características simbióticas. Todos os solos mostraram-se ácidos e com teores elevados de Alumínio, com a maioria indicando a aplicação de adubação, principalmente com Ca, Mg, K, P e Fe. Os baixos índices de hifas fúngicas encontrados nas raízes das plantas usadas na restauração ambiental das clareiras e jazidas sugerem que a simbiose com os fungos pouco ou nada contribuem para a nutrição das plantas naquelas condições edafoclimáticas.
Growth and organic solutes accumulation in seedlings of Caatinga tree species in response of water deficit and potassium
Authors: Almeida Ediglécia Pereira de , Freire Antonio Lucineudo de Oliveira , Bakke Ivonete Alves , Ferreira Cheila Deisy , França George Martins de , Batista Antonio Wesly 
Published: June 2021

Drought stress negatively influences a variety of essential physiological process for plant growth and biomass production, and potassium contributes to the absorption of water and maintaining cell turgor, being crucial to understand the seedlings water stress responses. This research aimed to verify the effects to water deficiency and potassium on the growth and accumulation of organic solutes in Myracrodruon urundeuva, Libidibia ferrea, and Mimosa tenuiflora. The treatments were distributed in a 3 x 3 factorial scheme, with three water levels (100%pc - control, 50%pc - moderate water deficit, and 25%pc - severe water deficit) and three doses of potassium (0, 97.5 and 195 mg dm-3 K). The plants were sown in black plastic bags, containing 5 kg of soil. Were evaluated plant height, stem diameter, and leaf concentrations of total soluble sugars, total free amino acids, and proteins. The water deficit caused a reduction in the growth of M. urundeuva and M. tenuiflora plants, regardless of the added potassium. The plants of M. urundeuva and M. tenuiflora were not demanding in potassium, while potassium fertilization with 97.5 mg dm-3 K favored L. ferrea plants, especially when kept under moderate water deficit. The moderate water deficit promoted accumulation of total free amino acids and soluble proteins in M. urundeuva, while in L. ferrea there was accumulation of total free amino acids under severe water deficit. Increase in the potassium promoted reduction in the concentrations of total soluble sugars and soluble proteins.
Adipsin promotes bone marrow adiposity by priming mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Aaron Nicole , Kraakman Michael J , Zhou Qiuzhong , Liu Qiongming , Costa Samantha , Yang Jing , Liu Longhua , Yu Lexiang , Wang Liheng , He Ying , Fan Lihong , Hirakawa Hiroyuki , Ding Lei , Lo James , Wang Weidong , Zhao Baohong , Guo Edward , Sun Lei , Rosen Cliff J , Qiang Li 
Published: June 2021

Background:Marrow adipose tissue (MAT) has been shown to be vital for regulating metabolism and maintaining skeletal homeostasis in the bone marrow (BM) niche. As a reflection of BM remodeling, MAT is highly responsive to nutrient fluctuations, hormonal changes, and metabolic disturbances such as obesity and diabetes mellitus. Expansion of MAT has also been strongly associated with bone loss in mice and humans. However, the regulation of BM plasticity remains poorly understood, as does the mechanism that links changes in marrow adiposity with bone remodeling.Methods:We studied deletion of Adipsin, and its downstream effector, C3, in C57BL/6 mice as well as the bone-protected PPARγ constitutive deacetylation 2KR mice to assess BM plasticity. The mice were challenged with thiazolidinedione treatment, calorie restriction, or aging to induce bone loss and MAT expansion. Analysis of bone mineral density and marrow adiposity was performed using a μCT scanner and by RNA analysis to assess adipocyte and osteoblast markers. For in vitro studies, primary bone marrow stromal cells were isolated and subjected to osteoblastogenic or adipogenic differentiation or chemical treatment followed by morphological and molecular analyses. Clinical data was obtained from samples of a previous clinical trial of fasting and high-calorie diet in healthy human volunteers.Results:We show that Adipsin is the most upregulated adipokine during MAT expansion in mice and humans in a PPARγ acetylation-dependent manner. Genetic ablation of Adipsin in mice specifically inhibited MAT expansion but not peripheral adipose depots, and improved bone mass during calorie restriction, thiazolidinedione treatment, and aging. These effects were mediated through its downstream effector, complement component C3, to prime common progenitor cells toward adipogenesis rather than osteoblastogenesis through inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling.Conclusions:Adipsin promotes new adipocyte formation and affects skeletal remodeling in the BM niche. Our study reveals a novel mechanism whereby the BM sustains its own plasticity through paracrine and endocrine actions of a unique adipokine.Funding:This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health T32DK007328 (NA), F31DK124926 (NA), R01DK121140 (JCL), R01AR068970 (BZ), R01AR071463 (BZ), R01DK112943 (LQ), R24DK092759 (CJR), and P01HL087123 (LQ).
Anticipating the ethical, legal, and social implications of human genome research: An ongoing experiment
Authors: Juengst Eric T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDr. Victor McKusick was a founding member of the joint NIH‐DOE working group that designed the federal effort to address the ethical, legal, and social implications of the US Human Genome Project in 1989. A key feature of this effort was its commitment to anticipating genomics‐driven questions before they became urgent practical dilemmas, by complementing the scientific effort to map and sequence the human genome with projects by a wide range of social scientists, humanities scholars, legal experts, and public educators designed to equip society with the foresight required to optimize the public welfare benefits of new genomic information. This article describes the origins of that experiment and the model of anticipatory science policy that it produced, as one piece of Dr. McKusick's extraordinary intellectual legacy.
Targeted NMR‐based serum metabolic profiling of serine, glycine and methionine in acute‐on‐chronic liver failure patients: Possible insights into mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Arya Payal , Kumar Umesh , Sharma Supriya , Durgappa Manjunath , Guleria Anupam , Raj Ritu , Pande Gaurav , Kumar Dinesh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundA recent study based on blood metabolomics analysis revealed inflammation‐associated mitochondrial dysfunction as a potential mechanism underlying acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) in cirrhotic patients. Serine, glycine, and methionine serve to maintain a healthy immune system and adequately sustain mitochondrial functionality in hepatocytes for regulating redox homeostasis through the production of antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Based on this, we hypothesized that the circulatory levels of serine, glycine and methionine will be altered in ACLF patients due to acute worsening of hepatic function and may provide novel insights into the mitochondrial dysfunction as well.MethodsThe circulatory concentrations of serine, glycine, and methionine were estimated in the sera of 40 ACLF patients and 49 normal controls (NC) subject using 1D 1H‐CPMG NMR spectra recorded at 800 MHz NMR spectrometer. The resulting metabolite concentrations were compared using unpaired Student t‐test and p‐value < 0.05 was considered as the criterion of statistical significance. The diagnostic potential and statistical correlations were established using receiver‐operating‐characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and Pearson‐r method, respectively.ResultsCirculating levels of serine and glycine were significantly decreased in ACLF patients (Ser = 23.06 ± 1.67 µM and Gly = 83.11±7.52 µM) compared to NC subjects (Ser = 55.61 ± 2.28 µM and Gly = 156.9±7.16 µM) with p‐value < 0.0001, whereas those of methionine were significantly increased in ACLF (22.60 ± 2.49 µM) compared to NC subjects (=14.63 ± 0.85 µM) with p‐value < 0.0015. Further, the ROC analysis yielded satisfactory sensitivity and specificity for serine, glycine, and methionine‐to‐glycine ratio (MGR) with area under ROC (AUROC) curve values equal to: 0.95 [95%CI = 0.91‐0.99] for Ser; 0.87 [95%CI = 0.79‐0.95] for Gly; and 0.90 [95%CI = 0.83‐0.97] for MGR.ConclusionCompared to NC subjects, the sera of ACLF patients were characterized by hypermethioninemia and aberrantly decreased levels of serine and glycine suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction as the possible mechanism for disturbed redox homeostasis and therefore depressed immune system in ACLF.
Identification and functional analysis of dsRNases in spotted‐wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii
Authors: Yoon June‐Sun , Ahn Seung‐Joon , Flinn Christina M. , Choi Man‐Yeon 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRNAi efficiency in insects is different from species to species; some species in Coleoptera are relatively more amenable to RNA interference (RNAi) than other species. One of the major factors is the presence of dsRNA‐degrading enzymes, called dsRNases, in saliva, gut, or hemolymph in insects, which degrade the double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) introduced, resulting in the low efficacy of RNAi. In this study, we report a dsRNA‐degrading activity in the gut homogenates from the spotted‐wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, by ex vivo assay. Then, we identified two Drosophila suzukii dsRNase genes, named DrosudsRNase1 and DrosudsRNase2. In silico analysis shows that the gene structures are similar to dsRNases found in other insects. When dsRNases expressed in Sf9 cells were compared for their dsRNA degrading activities, dsRNase1 was more vital than dsRNase2. Both dsRNases were expressed highly and exclusively in the gut compared to the rest of body. Also, they were highly expressed during larval and adult stages but not in embryonic and pupal stages, suggesting the dsRNases protect foreign RNA molecules received during the feeding periods. DsRNase1 was expressed at a higher level in adults, whereas dsRNase2 showed more expression in early larvae. Our study on the tissue and development‐specific patterns of dsRNases provides an improved understanding of the RNAi application for the management of D. suzukii.
Polymer Synthesis Based on Self‐Accelerating 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Click Reactions†
Authors: Tang Qingquan , Zhang Ke 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis review reports our recent work on developing polymer synthesis methods based on a self‐accelerating double‐strain‐promoted 1,3‐dipole‐alkyne cycloaddition (DSPDAC) click reaction. In DSPDAC, the cycloaddition of 1,3‐dipole with the first alkyne of sym‐dibenzo‐1,5‐cyclooctadiene‐3,7‐diyne (DIBOD) activates the second unreacted alkyne, which reacts with 1,3‐dipole much faster than the original alkyne of DIBOD. When using DIBOD and bis‐dipole compounds as monomer pairs, the self‐accelerating property of DSPDAC allows us to develop a stoichiometric imbalance‐promoted step‐growth polymerization method. It could produce polymers with ultrahigh molecular weight in the presence of excess DIBOD monomers. When using DIBOD to ring‐close linear polymers with 1,3‐dipole end groups, the self‐accelerating property of DSPDAC facilitates us to develop a unique bimolecular ring‐closure method. It could efficiently prepare pure cyclic polymers in the presence of excess DIBOD small linkers to linear polymer precursors.
Uptake of cancer risk management strategies among women who undergo cascade genetic testing for breast cancer susceptibility genes
Authors: Makhnoon Sukh , Tran Grace , Levin Brooke , Mattie Kristin D. , Dreyer Brian , Volk Robert J. , Grana Generosa , Arun Banu K. , Peterson Susan K. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundUptake of cancer risk management based on inherited predispositions, which encompasses bilateral mastectomy (BLM), bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy (BSO), and intensified screening, is the primary motivation for cascade testing for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC). However, long‐term outcome data for cascade testers are lacking.MethodsMedical records were abstracted for all unaffected women with pathogenic variants in HBOC genes from 2 cancer hospitals (2013‐2019) with at least 1 year of follow‐up to compare the uptake of surgery and screening between cascade and noncascade testers.ResultsCascade testers (79.8%) were younger than noncascade testers (mean age, 37.6 vs 43.5 years; P = .002). Among women aged ≥40 years, 43% underwent BLM, and 71.6% underwent BSO, with no significant difference in uptake between cascade and noncascade testers. The mean time to BSO among cascade testers was shorter among women aged ≥40 years versus those aged <40 years (11.8 vs 31.9 months; P = .04); no such difference was observed among noncascade testers. Mammography and breast magnetic resonance imaging rates were low in the recorded 6 years for both groups after genetic counseling.ConclusionsManagement uptake among cascade testers is high with rates comparable to those for unaffected BRCA‐positive women. A large proportion of women act on cascade test results, and this represents a novel report of utilization of cancer management strategies.
Revealing the time course of laser‐evoked potential habituation by high temporal resolution analysis
Authors: Kersebaum Dilara , Fabig Sophie‐Charlotte , Sendel Manon , Muntean Alexandra Cristina , Baron Ralf , Hüllemann Philipp 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesReduced laser‐evoked potential (LEP) habituation indicates abnormal central pain processing. But the paradigm (four stimulation blocks a 25 stimuli) is time consuming and potentially omits important information on the exact habituation time course. This study examined whether a high temporal resolution (HTR) analysis (dividing the four stimulation blocks into 12 analysis blocks) can answer the following questions: (a) After how many stimuli does LEP habituation occur? (b) Is there a difference in LEP habituation in younger versus older subjects? (c) Is HTR applicable on radiculopathy patients?MethodsEEG data of 129 subjects were included. Thirty‐four young healthy and 28 advanced‐aged healthy subjects were tested with LEPs on the hand dorsum. Thirty‐seven radiculopathy patients and 30 controls were tested with LEPs on the L3 dermatome. The EEG data of the hand dorsa have been analysed conventionally and with HTR analysis. The applicability of HTR has been tested on radiculopathy patients and respective controls.ResultsHTR was well feasible in young healthy subjects and revealed a strong habituation effect during the first 25 stimuli (i.e. within the first 5 min). After approximately 48 stimuli, no further significant habituation was detectable. LEP amplitudes were higher in young subjects. HTR was unsuitable for elderly subjects and middle‐aged radiculopathy patients.ConclusionsIn young healthy subjects, HTR allows a shortening of the test protocol while providing a detailed information on the time course of LEP habituation. A shorter protocol might be useful for the applicability of the LEP paradigm for clinical and experimental settings as well as pharmacological studies.SignificanceThe usage of high temporal resolution (HTR) analysis in young healthy subjects enables a short test protocol and provides the exact time course of laser‐evoked potential habituation. This can be useful for the examination of neurological conditions affecting younger patients and for pharmacological studies. HTR was inapplicable in advanced‐aged subjects and patients with radiculopathy.