bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting angiotensin type-2 receptors located on pressor neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract to relieve hypertension in mice
Authors: Mohammed Mazher , Johnson Dominique N , Wang Lei A , Harden Scott W , Sheng Wanhui , Spector Eliot A , Elsaafien Khalid , Bader Michael , Steckelings U Muscha , Scott Karen A , Frazier Charles J , Sumners Colin , Krause Eric G , de Kloet Annette D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Aims
These studies evaluate whether angiotensin type-2 receptors (AT2Rs) that are expressed on γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) represent a novel endogenous blood pressure-lowering mechanism.

Methods and results
Experiments combined advanced genetic and neuroanatomical techniques, pharmacology, electrophysiology, and optogenetics in mice to define the structure and cardiovascular-related function of NTS neurons that contain AT2R. Using mice with Cre-recombinase directed to the AT2R gene, we discovered that optogenetic stimulation of AT2R-expressing neurons in the NTS increases GABA release and blood pressure. To evaluate the role of the receptor, per se, in cardiovascular regulation, we chronically delivered C21, a selective AT2R agonist, into the brains of normotensive mice and found that central AT2R activation reduces GABA-related gene expression and blunts the pressor responses induced by optogenetic excitation of NTS AT2R neurons. Next, using in situ hybridization, we found that the levels of Agtr2 mRNAs in GABAergic NTS neurons rise during experimentally induced hypertension, and we hypothesized that this increased expression may be exploited to ameliorate the disease. Consistent with this, final experiments revealed that central administration of C21 attenuates hypertension, an effect that is abolished in mice lacking AT2R in GABAergic NTS neurons.

Conclusion
These studies unveil novel hindbrain circuits that maintain arterial blood pressure, and reveal a specific population of AT2R that can be engaged to alleviate hypertension. The implication is that these discrete receptors may serve as an access point for activating an endogenous depressor circuit.
The effects of EU–Ukraine free trade agreement on the world’s sunflower complex
Authors: Baryshpolets Andrii , Devadoss Stephen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We analyse the effects of the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area between the European Union (EU) and Ukraine on the world’s sunflower complex markets. We develop a spatial equilibrium model that incorporates the vertical and horizontal links between the primary commodity (seeds) and two final by-products (oil and meal). Our empirical analysis covers eight regions—the leading producers and consumers in the sunflower complex. This agreement causes EU’s sunflower oil price to decrease by USD 17.42 per metric ton, benefiting EU’s consumers by USD 81.4 million. However, EU’s total net welfare decreases by USD 10.3 million, while Ukraine’s increases by USD 32.7 million.
Income-Related Inequalities in Informal Care: Evidence From the Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey in China
Authors: Wang Yixiao , Yang Wei , Avendano Mauricio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis report aims to examine income-related inequalities in informal care among older people with functional limitations in China.MethodsData are drawn from the 2005, 2008, 2011, and 2014 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Erreygers concentration index, concentration index, and horizontal inequity index are used to examine inequalities in informal care. A random effects model is then used to investigate the relationship between household income and informal care.ResultsThere is no significant association between household income and the probability of receiving informal care. However, we observed a significant positive association between household income and hours of informal care received, indicating that those with higher household income receive more hours of informal care compared to those with lower household income. The degree of this inequality increases as the number of functional limitations increases.DiscussionLower household income is associated with lower intensity of informal care received, particularly for older people with more functional limitations. Policies are required to support low-income older people with more functional limitations.
Artistic households: the economics of creative work in seventeenth-century London
Authors: Birt Sarah 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article offers new insights into women’s occupational identities and the production of art in seventeenth-century London. The identification of a previously overlooked portraitist named Anne Wemyss (1633–98) shows that she was part of a much wider circle of artists and elite patrons active during this period. An exploration of the training afforded to a number of female Painter-Stainers’ Company apprentices that were connected to artistic households, followed by a micro-historical study of the gender division of labour in Mary Beale’s household studio, further credits women’s creative work in the wider economy.
Pathogenic alleles in microtubule, secretory granule and extracellular matrix-related genes in familial keratoconus
Authors: Shinde Vishal , Sobreira Nara , Wohler Elizabeth S , Maiti George , Hu Nan , Silvestri Giuliana , George Sonia , Jackson Jonathan , Chakravarti Aravinda , Willoughby Colin E , Chakravarti Shukti 
Published: March 2021

AbstractKeratoconus is a common corneal defect with a complex genetic basis. By whole exome sequencing of affected members from 11 multiplex families of European ancestry, we identified 23 rare, heterozygous, potentially pathogenic variants in 8 genes. These include nonsynonymous single amino acid substitutions in HSPG2, EML6 and CENPF in two families each, and in NBEAL2, LRP1B, PIK3CG and MRGPRD in three families each; ITGAX had nonsynonymous single amino acid substitutions in two families and an indel with a base substitution producing a nonsense allele in the third family. Only HSPG2, EML6 and CENPF have been associated with ocular phenotypes previously. With the exception of MRGPRD and ITGAX, we detected the transcript and encoded protein of the remaining genes in the cornea and corneal cell cultures. Cultured stromal cells showed cytoplasmic punctate staining of NBEAL2, staining of the fibrillar cytoskeletal network by EML6, while CENPF localized to the basal body of primary cilia. We inhibited the expression of HSPG2, EML6, NBEAL2 and CENPF in stromal cell cultures and assayed for the expression of COL1A1 as a readout of corneal matrix production. An upregulation in COL1A1 after siRNA inhibition indicated their functional link to stromal cell biology. For ITGAX, encoding a leukocyte integrin, we assayed its level in the sera of 3 affected families compared with 10 unrelated controls to detect an increase in all affecteds. Our study identified genes that regulate the cytoskeleton, protein trafficking and secretion, barrier tissue function and response to injury and inflammation, as being relevant to keratoconus.
Flight Maneuver of a Damselfly with Phase Modulation of the Wings
Authors: Lai Yu-Hsiang , Ma Jui-Fu , Yang Jing-Tang 
Published: March 2021

Synopsis
We developed a numerical model for four-wing self-propulsion to calculate effectively the flight velocity generated with varied wing motions, which satisfactorily verified biological experiments. Through this self-propulsion model, we analyzed the flight velocity of a damselfly (Matrona cyanoptera) at varied phases. The results show that after phase modulation of the wings, the aerodynamic performance of the forewing (FW) is affected by the incoming flow and an effective angle of attack, whereas that of the hindwing (HW) is dominated by the vortex interaction and induced flow generated by the shed vortex of the FW. Cooperating with the flow interaction, in stable flight, the HW in the lead phase has a larger vertical velocity, whereas the FW in the lead phase has a larger horizontal velocity. Regarding the aerodynamic efficiency, the FW in the lead phase has greater horizontal efficiency, whereas the HW in the lead phase has greater vertical efficiency; the overall efficiency does not vary with the phase. This work interprets that a dragonfly adopts the HW in the lead phase to generate a larger lift, thus supporting the larger body weight, whereas a damselfly adopts the FW in the lead phase to have a greater forward velocity, which can supplement the lack of flapping frequency.
Assessing the collaboration and network additionality of innovation policies: a counterfactual approach to the French cluster policy
Authors: N’Ghauran Konan Alain , Autant-Bernard Corinne 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWhereas most collaboration-based innovation policies aim at fostering efficient ecosystems of innovation, evaluations of the behavioral impact of such policies remain few and far between. Relying on external-to-the-policy network data to build a counterfactual approach, this article addresses three main evaluation issues: do cluster policies make firms more collaborative? Do they encourage local ties? Do they induce network additionality? Focusing on French data, our results suggest that cluster policies may have difficulty in increasing the centrality of agents within knowledge networks.
Sharing a Measure of Maximal Entropy in Polynomial Semigroups
Authors: Pakovich Fedor 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Let $P_1,P_2,\dots , P_k$ be complex polynomials of degree at least two that are not simultaneously conjugate to monomials or to Chebyshev polynomials, and $S$ the semigroup under composition generated by $P_1,P_2,\dots , P_k$. We show that all elements of $S$ share a measure of maximal entropy if and only if the intersection of principal left ideals $SP_1\cap SP_2\cap \dots \cap SP_k$ is non-empty.
The Impact of Cryptocurrency Regulation on Trading Markets
Authors: Feinstein Brian D , Werbach Kevin 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
The meteoric growth of global cryptocurrency markets presents novel challenges to regulators. Some policymakers and scholars warn that regulation will cause trading activity to cross borders into less-regulated jurisdictions—or even smother a promising new financial asset class. Others believe regulatory actions will stimulate activity by providing clarity to market participants. Standing behind this disagreement is a debate about the desirability of either outcome. Some believe that governments should promote development of the cryptocurrency sector within their countries, while others view cryptocurrencies as conduits of illegality and fraud that should be restricted through strict regulation or even outright bans. Yet these debates have, to date, been conducted almost entirely without data concerning the effects of regulation on market activity. As a corrective, in this article we assembled original data on cryptocurrency regulations worldwide and used them to empirically examine movement in trading activity at a number of exchanges following key regulatory announcements. We found that a wide variety of models yielded almost entirely null results. From the creation of bespoke licensing regimes to targeted anti-money-laundering and anti-fraud enforcement actions, as well as many other categories of government activities, we found no systemic evidence that regulatory measures cause traders to flee, or enter into, the affected jurisdictions. These findings at last provide an empirical basis for regulatory decisions concerning cryptocurrency trading. Among other things, they call into question that capital flight or chilling effects should be a first-order concern.
Endometrial Cancer Risk in Women With Germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 Mutations: Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: de Jonge Marthe M , de Kroon Cornelis D , Jenner Denise J , Oosting Jan , de Hullu Joanne A , Mourits Marian J E , Gómez Garcia Encarna B , Ausems Margreet G E M , Margriet Collée J , van Engelen Klaartje , van de Beek Irma ,   The Hebon Group, Smit Vincent T H B M , Rookus Matti A , de Bock Geertruida H , van Leeuwen Flora E , Bosse Tjalling , Dekkers Olaf M , van Asperen Christi J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Endometrial cancer (EC) risk in BReast CAncer gene 1/2 (BRCA1/2) mutation carriers is uncertain; therefore, we assessed this in a large Dutch nationwide cohort study.

Methods
We selected 5980 BRCA1/2 (3788 BRCA1, 2151 gBRCA2, 41 both BRCA1/BRCA2) and 8451 non-BRCA1/2 mutation carriers from the Hereditary Breast and Ovarian cancer study, the Netherlands cohort. Follow-up started at the date of the nationwide Dutch Pathology Registry coverage (January 1, 1989) or at the age of 25 years (whichever came last) and ended at date of EC diagnosis, last follow-up, or death (whichever came first). EC risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers was compared with 1) the general population, estimating standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) based on Dutch population-based incidence rates; and 2) non-BRCA1/2 mutation carriers, using Cox-regression analyses, expressed as hazard ratio (HR). Statistical tests were 2-sided.

Results
Fifty-eight BRCA1/2 and 33 non-BRCA1/2 mutation carriers developed EC over 119 296 and 160 841 person-years, respectively (SIR = 2.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.18 to 3.65; and HR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.53 to 3.69, respectively). gBRCA1 mutation carriers showed increased risks for EC overall (SIR = 3.51, 95% CI = 2.61 to 4.72; HR = 2.91, 95% CI = 1.83 to 4.66), serous-like EC (SIR = 12.64, 95% CI = 7.62 to 20.96; HR = 10.48, 95% CI = 2.95 to 37.20), endometrioid EC (SIR = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.80 to 3.83; HR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.18 to 3.45), and TP53-mutated EC (HR = 15.71, 95% CI = 4.62 to 53.40). For BRCA2 mutation carriers, overall (SIR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.01 to 2.87) and serous-like EC risks (SIR = 5.11, 95% CI = 1.92 to 13.63) were increased compared with the general population. Absolute risks by 75 years remained low (overall EC = 3.0%; serous-like EC = 1.1%).

Conclusions
BRCA1/2 mutation carriers have a two- to threefold increased risk for EC, with highest risk observed for the rare subgroups of serous-like and p53-abnormal EC in BRCA1 mutation carriers.
Delayed gastropleural fistula: a rare cause of a persistent pleural effusion after blunt force trauma
Authors: Chan Kin Yik , Keogh Shane , Aucharaz Nitin , Temperley Hugo , O’Driscoll James , Ravi Narayanasamy , Tormey Shona 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A gastropleural fistula (GPF) is a rare pathological connection between the stomach and pleural cavity. Diagnosis and treatment are frequently delayed due to the lack of specific clinical, laboratory and radiological findings. We describe a case of a 53-year-old gentleman who presented to our institution with respiratory sepsis and a massive haemopneumothorax on imaging. Uniquely, he was discharged a week prior after a splenectomy for a traumatic fall. Gut flora in the pleural fluid and a subsequent positive dye test suggested an aero-digestive connection. Repeat imaging revealed a fistula between stomach and the left pleural cavity through a ruptured diaphragm. He underwent an open sleeve gastrectomy and primary repair of the diaphragm. This is the first GPF in literature presenting in such a fashion. Although rare, a persistent effusion with a history of blunt thoracoabdominal trauma may herald a GPF, which, if not diagnosed promptly, may result in significant morbidity.
Preoperative stenting in insulinoma located nearby pancreatic duct: a case report and literature review
Authors: Pindura Miroslav , Nosáková Lenka , Kyčina Roman , Vojtko Martin , Bánovčin Peter , Demeter Michal , Laca L'udovit 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Insulinoma is a rare functional neuroendocrine tumor of pancreas. The only recommended treatment is surgical removal. We present a case of a 46-year-old female patient who underwent the enucleation of insulinoma localized nearby pancreatic main duct after preoperative endoscopic insertion of pancreatic stent. The tumor was safely identified during the surgery and was enucleated without injury of pancreatic duct or postoperative complications.
Classifying stars, galaxies, and AGNs in CLAUDS + HSC-SSP using gradient boosted decision trees
Authors: Golob Anneya , Sawicki Marcin , Goulding Andy D , Coupon Jean 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Classifying catalogue objects as stars, galaxies, or active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is a crucial part of any statistical study of galaxies. We describe our pipeline for binary (star/galaxy) and multiclass (star/galaxy/Type I AGN/Type II AGN) classification developed for the very deep CLAUDS + HSC-SSP u*grizy data set. Our method uses the XGBoost implementation of gradient boosted trees (GBTs) to train ensembles of models that take photometry, colours, maximum surface brightnesses, and effective radii from all available bands as input, and output the probability that an object belongs to each of the classes under consideration. At iAB &lt; 25 our binary star/galaxy model has AUC = 0.9974 and at the threshold that maximizes our sample’s weighted F1 score, selects a sample of galaxies with 99.7 per cent purity and 99.8 per cent completeness. We test the model’s ability to generalize to objects fainter than those seen during training and find that extrapolation of ∼1−2 mag is reasonable for most applications provided that the galaxies in the training sample are representative of the range of redshifts and colours of the galaxies in the target sample. We also perform an exploratory analysis of the method’s ability to identify AGNs using a small X-ray-selected sample and find that it holds promise for classifying Type I AGN, although it performs less well for Type II AGN. Our results demonstrate that GBTs provide a flexible, robust, and efficient method for performing classification of catalogue objects in large astronomical imaging surveys.
Multiwavelength mock galaxy catalogues of the low-redshift Universe
Authors: Paranjape Aseem , Choudhury Tirthankar Roy , Sheth Ravi K 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTWe present a new suite of mock galaxy catalogues mimicking the low-redshift Universe, based on an updated halo occupation distribution (HOD) model and a scaling relation between optical properties and the neutral hydrogen (H i) content of galaxies. Our algorithm is constrained by observations of the luminosity function and luminosity- and colour-dependent clustering of Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) galaxies, as well as the H i mass function and H i-dependent clustering of massive H i-selected galaxies in the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA (ALFALFA) survey. Mock central and satellite galaxies with realistic values of r-band luminosity, g − r and u − r colour, stellar mass and H i mass are populated in an N-body simulation, inheriting a number of properties of the density and tidal environment of their host haloes. The host halo of each central galaxy is also ‘baryonified’ with realistic spatial distributions of stars as well as hot and cold gas, along with the corresponding rotation curve. Our default HOD assumes that galaxy properties are a function of group halo mass alone, and can optionally include effects such as galactic conformity and colour-dependent galaxy assembly bias. The mocks predict the relation between the stellar mass and H i mass of massive H i galaxies, as well as the 2-point cross-correlation function of spatially co-located optical and H i-selected samples. They enable novel null tests for galaxy assembly bias, provide predictions for the H i velocity width function, and clarify the origin and universality of the radial acceleration relation in the Lambda cold dark matter framework.
Explaining temporal variations in the jet PA of the blazar OJ 287 using its BBH central engine model
Authors: Dey Lankeswar , Valtonen Mauri J , Gopakumar A , Lico Rocco , Gómez José L , Susobhanan Abhimanyu , Komossa S , Pihajoki Pauli 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
The bright blazar OJ 287 is the best-known candidate for hosting a supermassive black hole binary system. It inspirals due to the emission of nanohertz gravitational waves (GWs). Observations of historical and predicted quasi-periodic high-brightness flares in its century-long optical lightcurve, allow us to determine the orbital parameters associated with the binary black hole (BBH) central engine. In contrast, the radio jet of OJ 287 has been covered with Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations for only about 30  yr and these observations reveal that the position angle (PA) of the jet exhibits temporal variations at both millimetre and centimetre wavelengths. Here, we associate the observed PA variations in OJ 287 with the precession of its radio jet. In our model, the evolution of the jet direction can be associated either with the primary black hole (BH) spin evolution or with the precession of the angular momentum direction of the inner region of the accretion disc. Our Bayesian analysis shows that the BBH central engine model, primarily developed from optical observations, can also broadly explain the observed temporal variations in the radio jet of OJ 287 at frequencies of 86, 43, and 15 GHz. Ongoing Global mm-VLBI Array (GMVA) observations of OJ 287 have the potential to verify our predictions for the evolution of its 86-GHz PA values. Additionally, thanks to the extremely high angular resolution that the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) can provide, we explore the possibility to test our BBH model through the detection of the jet in the secondary BH.
On the clouds and ammonia in Jupiter’s upper troposphere from Juno JIRAM reflectivity observations
Authors: Grassi Davide , Mura A , Sindoni G , Adriani A , Atreya S K , Filacchione G , Fletcher L N , Lunine J I , Moriconi M L , Noschese R , Orton G S , Plainaki C , Sordini R , Tosi F , Turrini D , Olivieri A , Eichstädt G , Hansen C J , Melin H , Altieri F , Cicchetti A , Dinelli B M , Migliorini A , Piccioni G , Stefani S , Bolton S J 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
We analyse spectra measured by the Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper (JIRAM, a payload element of the NASA Juno mission) in the 3150–4910 cm−1 (2.0–3.2 μm) range during the perijiove passage of 2016 August. Despite modelling uncertainties, the quality and the relative uniformity of the data set allow us to determine several parameters characterizing the Jupiter’s upper troposphere in the latitude range of 35°S–30°N. Ammonia relative humidity at 500 millibars varies between 5 per cent to supersaturation beyond 100 per cent for about 3 per cent of the processed spectra. Ammonia appears depleted over belts and relatively enhanced over zones. Local variations of ammonia, arguably associated with local dynamics, are found to occur in several locations on the planet (Oval BA, South Equatorial Belt). Cloud altitude, defined as the level where aerosol opacity reaches unit value at 3650 cm−1 (2.74 μm), is maximum over the Great Red Spot (&gt;20 km above the 1 bar level) and the zones (15 km), while it decreases over the belts and towards higher latitudes. The aerosol opacity scale height suggests more compact clouds over zones and more diffuse clouds over belts. The integrated opacity of clouds above the 1.3-bar pressure level is found to be minimum in regions where thermal emission of the deeper atmosphere is maximum. The opacity of tropospheric haze above the 200-mbar level also increases over zones. Our results are consistent with a Hadley-type circulation scheme previously proposed in literature for belts and zones, with clear hemisphere asymmetries in cloud and haze.