bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food reward induction of rhythmic clock gene expression in the prefrontal cortex of rats is accompanied by changes in miR‐34a‐5p expression
Authors: Herichová Iveta , Tesáková Barbora , Kršková Lucia , Olexová Lucia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe current study is focused on mechanisms by which the peripheral circadian oscillator in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) participates in food reward‐induced activity. The experimental group of male Wistar rats was trained to receive a food reward with a low hedonic and caloric value. Afterwards, animals were exposed to a 5 h phase advance. Experimental animals could access a small food reward as they had been accustomed to, while control rats were exposed to the same phase shift without access to a food reward. When synchronisation to a new light:dark cycle was accompanied by intake of food reward, animals exerted more exact phase shift compared to the controls. In rats with access to a food reward, a rhythm in dopamine receptors types 1 and 2 in the PFC was detected. Rhythmic clock gene expression was induced in the PFC of rats when a food reward was provided together with a phase shift. The per2 and clock genes are predicted targets of miR‐34a‐5p. The precursor form of miR‐34a‐5p (pre‐miR‐34a‐5p) showed a daily rhythm in expression in the PFC of the control and experimental groups. On the other hand, the mature form of miR‐34a‐5p exerted an inverted rhythm compared to pre‐miR‐34a‐5p and negative correlation with per and clock genes expression only in the PFC of rewarded rats. A difference in the pattern of mature and pre‐miR‐34a‐5p values was not related to expression of enzymes drosha, dicer and dgcr8. A role of the clock genes and miR‐34a‐5p in reward‐facilitated synchronisation has been hypothesised.
Critical Reflection and the Limits of Parental Authority
Authors: Dietrich Frank 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTIn modern pluralist societies, the meaning and value of individual autonomy is highly contested. Typically, some religious groups deny the ideal of leading a self‐directed life and regard strict obedience to God's commands as the primary goal of child education. This article pursues the question of whether a liberal state may legitimately interfere with parental authority in order to protect the development of a child's inner capacity for autonomy. It is argued that the ability to critically re‐evaluate one's life plan is valuable for the offspring of secular and pious parents alike. Therefore, restrictions on parental rights can be justified within a liberal theoretical framework that is neutral between autonomous and heteronomous conceptions of the good. However, religious parents need not be prepared to call their most important tenets into question; they may foster their children's capacity for critical reflection in other ways. Since the vast majority of religious families meet this requirement, state interventions are rarely warranted.
Bortezomib alleviates antibody‐mediated rejection in kidney transplantation by facilitating Atg5 expression
Authors: Cheng Hong , Xu Bin , Zhang Lijie , Wang Yi , Chen Ming , Chen Shuqiu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAntibody‐mediated rejection (AMR) is one of the most dominant mechanisms responsible for the loss of kidney grafts. Previous researches have shown that donor‐specific antibodies (DSAs) are the major mediators of AMR. In order to prolong the survival time of grafts, it is vital to reduce the incidence of AMR and inhibit the generation of DSAs. We established an animal model of AMR by performing kidney transplantation in pre‐sensitized rats. Then, we investigated the effect of bortezomib (BTZ) on AMR. We found that BTZ could reduce the serum level of DSAs and alleviate post‐transplantation inflammation in peritubular capillaries (PTCs) and glomeruli, which was demonstrated by the reduction of C4d and IgG deposition in PTCs, and the reduced number of B cell and plasma cell in peripheral blood and the transplanted kidney (p < 0.05). Our results also suggested that BTZ increased the number of regulatory T cell (Treg) and significantly reduced the proportion of T helper (Th17) cell (p < 0.05). Besides, BTZ induced the significant upregulation of anti‐inflammatory cytokines but downregulated pro‐inflammatory cytokines (p < 0.05). After dealing with Atg5 siRNA‐lentivirus, the effect of BTZ alleviating AMR was reversed and Th17/Treg proportions were also significantly modulated. Collectively, these findings show that BTZ slows down the process of AMR and Atg5 may be the key mechanism. Furthermore, Atg5 silencing results may be demonstrated that Atg5 alleviated AMR by modulating the ratio of Th17/Treg.
Stress‐induced phosphoprotein 1 restrains spinal cord ischaemia‐reperfusion injury by modulating NF‐κB signalling
Authors: Jin Hongdou , Ge Xin , Huan Zhirong , Yao Hao , Xu Ce , Cai Jimin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI), a major cause of disability, causes high global disease and economic burdens. Stress‐induced phosphoprotein 1 (STIP1) has been identified to be involved in spinal cord ischaemia‐reperfusion injury (SCII); however, the effect of STIP1 on SCII remains unclear until now. This study aimed to examine the role of STIP1 in SCII and unravel the possible mechanisms. Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining showed that STIP1 expression rapidly increased and then decreased in rat spinal cord following SCII treatment. Neurological function scoring, HE staining, immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting revealed that STIP1 overexpression alleviated SCII‐induced motor dysfunction of hind limbs, neuronal loss and inflammation in spinal cord, and inhibited activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) signalling in rats. Immunoprecipitation identified that STIP1 was co‐located with Iba‐1. In addition, STIP1 was found to ameliorate oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)‐induced inflammation and activation of NF‐κB signalling in mouse microglia BV2 cells, and STIP1 resulted in decrease of heat shock protein family A member 8 (HSPA8), increase of IκBβ expression and reduced binding of IκBβ to HSPA8 in BV2 cells. The results of the present study demonstrate that STIP1 alleviates ischaemia/reperfusion‐induced neuronal injury and inflammation in rat spinal cord and mouse microglial cells by deactivating NF‐κB signalling. These findings may provide novel insights for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of SCI.
Tilling another's land: Migrant farming under rural industrialization and urbanization in China
Authors: Kan Karita , Chen Xi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractStudies of labour migration in China usually focus on rural residents seeking wage employment in the urban industrial or service sector. This article provides an account of migrant farmers who have moved from the impoverished countryside to peri‐urban villages in more developed areas to engage in substitute agricultural production. They took over fields abandoned by local villagers and lived and worked among them as tenants. This article situates the analysis of migrant farming within the changing regimes of rural accumulation in post‐socialist China. It shows how migrant farming subsidized rural industrialization by providing low‐cost substitute labour, which facilitated the incorporation of local villagers into the industrial workforce as semi‐proletarianized workers. Into the 2000s, the transition towards land‐based accumulation incorporated local villagers into proprietorship while dispossessing migrant farmers. The amplification of inequalities reveals how the shifting regimes of accumulation constitute an important source of differentiation in Chinese villages today.
Veiling and unveiling: Ill, dying, and dead bodies in contemporary elegies
Authors: Lambrecht Bram 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAccording to Sandra Gilbert, one of the contemporary elegy’s most striking features is its obsession with the actual scene of dying and the actual body of the dead one. Gilbert interprets this obsession as an exponent of the modern elegy’s typical ambition of breaking the tenacious taboo on dying and grieving—an ambition that had been demonstrated earlier by Jahan Ramazani’s pioneering Poetry of Mourning. By explicitly showing ill, dying, or dead bodies, Gilbert contends, recent elegies confront us with what modern culture prefers to hide.Concentrating on representations of the body in Intensive Care (2010) by the Dutch poet Vrouwkje Tuinman and Undying (2016) by the Scottish‐Dutch writer Michel Faber, the present article seeks to complicate dominant interpretations of the function of the corpse in recent poetry. Although Tuinman and Faber do show dying and dead bodies with meticulous attention, they also subtly open up reflections on the mimesis of illness and death. By alternately watching and veiling the body, approaching it as an abject object and an aesthetic artifact, Tuinman and Faber both challenge and confirm the problematic and ambiguous status of the corpse in the contemporary West.
A Different Way to Execute Project Using a Product-Based Approach
Authors: Farina Cathy 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The application of mega complex projects in the heavy industrial sector have been growing globally for the last ten years. Given there is growth of mega complex projects, the failure rate of these types of projects has also increased. According the EY (who have analyzed 500 completed mega projects from the previous five years): “Of the projects analyzed, 60% experienced schedule delays, and 38% had cost overruns.”
Based on research performed by McKinsey & Company, the construction industry needs to change to become more productive and as the industry changes it will look very different five to ten years from now. These changes will only be accelerated by the current COVID-19 pandemic. One solution is the application of smaller standard modular plants or trains that can be designed and constructed quicker and more efficiently.
A product-based approach will lead to more of a manufacturing style approach to not only improve productivity but to reduce overall lifecycle costs and schedules and improve overall quality and safety. Further, in times of economic uncertainty, it will reduce the business risk for the project as the business can break the project down into “bite-sized pieces”.
Companies will need to be innovative in order to be competitive and have a positive return on investment on their future programs and projects. In the current and future economic environment, an innovative way to execute projects is to utilize a product-based approach.
This paper will focus on how to develop a standard modular plant using a product-based approach and provide a case study from a small-scale LNG plant.
A Population Health Assessment in a Community Cancer Center Catchment Area: Triple-Negative Breast Cancer, Alcohol Use, and Obesity in New Castle County, Delaware
Authors: Siegel Scott D. , Brooks Madeline M. , Sims-Mourtada Jennifer , Schug Zachary T. , Leonard Dawn J. , Petrelli Nicholas , Curriero Frank C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground:The NCI requires designated cancer centers to conduct catchment area assessments to guide cancer control and prevention efforts designed to reduce the local cancer burden. We extended and adapted this approach to a community cancer center catchment area with elevated rates of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).Methods:Cancer registry data for 462 TNBC and 2,987 “Not-TNBC” cases diagnosed between 2012 and 2020 at the Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute (HFGCCRI), located in New Castle County, Delaware, were geocoded to detect areas of elevated risk (hot spots) and decreased risk (cold spots). Next, electronic health record (EHR) data on obesity and alcohol use disorder (AUD) and catchment area measures of fast-food and alcohol retailers were used to assess for spatial relationships between TNBC hot spots and potentially modifiable risk factors.Results:Two hot and two cold spots were identified for TNBC within the catchment area. The hot spots accounted for 11% of the catchment area but nearly a third of all TNBC cases. Higher rates of unhealthy alcohol use and obesity were observed within the hot spots.Conclusions:The use of spatial methods to analyze cancer registry and other secondary data sources can inform cancer control and prevention efforts within community cancer center catchment areas, where limited resources can preclude the collection of new primary data.Impact:Targeting community outreach and engagement activities to TNBC hot spots offers the potential to reduce the population-level burden of cancer efficiently and equitably.
Early Endosomal GTPase Rab5 (Ras-Related Protein in Brain 5) Regulates GPIbβ (Glycoprotein Ib Subunit β) Trafficking and Platelet Production In Vitro
Authors: Bertović Ivana , Kurelić Roberta , Mahmutefendić Lučin Hana , Jurak Begonja Antonija 
Published: November 2021

Objective:
Maturation of megakaryocytes culminates with extensive membrane rearrangements necessary for proplatelet formation. Mechanisms required for proplatelet extension and origin of membranes are still poorly understood. GTPase Rab5 (Ras-related protein in brain 5) regulates endocytic uptake and homotypic fusion of early endosomes and regulates phosphatidylinositol 3-monophosphate production important for binding of effector proteins during early-to-late endosomal/lysosomal maturation.

Approach and Results:
To investigate the role of Rab5 in megakaryocytes, we expressed GFP (green fluorescent protein)-coupled Rab5 wild type and its point mutants Q79L (active) and N133L (inactive) in primary murine fetal liver-derived megakaryocytes. Active Rab5 Q79L induced the formation of enlarged early endosomes, while inactive Rab5 N133L caused endosomal fragmentation. Consistently, an increased amount of transferrin internalization in Rab5 Q79L was impaired in Rab5 N133L expressing megakaryocytes, when compared with GFP or Rab5 wild type. Moreover, trafficking of GPIbβ (glycoprotein Ib subunit beta), a subunit of major megakaryocytes receptor and membrane marker, was found to be mediated by Rab5 activity. While GPIbβ was mostly present along the plasma membrane, and within cytoplasmic vesicles in Rab5 wild type megakaryocytes, it accumulated in the majority of Rab5 Q79L enlarged endosomes. Conversely, Rab5 N133L caused mostly GPIbβ plasma membrane retention. Furthermore, Rab5 Q79L expression increased incorporation of the membrane dye (PKH26), indicating higher membrane content. Finally, while Rab5 Q79L increased proplatelet production, inactive Rab5 N133L strongly inhibited it and was coupled with a decrease in late endosomes/lysosomes. Localization of GPIbβ in enlarged endosomes was phosphatidylinositol 3-monophosphate dependent.

Conclusions:
Taken together, our results demonstrate that Rab5-dependent endocytosis plays an important role in megakaryocytes receptor trafficking, membrane formation, and thrombopoiesis.
Religious and Spiritual Struggles in a German-Speaking Sample: a Validation Study
Authors: Lampe Jessica , Noth Isabelle , Znoj Hansjörg 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the German adaptation and validation of the Religious and Spiritual Struggles Scale (RSSS) (Exline et al. 2014). Religious and spiritual (r/s) struggles consist of inner conflicts regarding supernatural, interpersonal and intrapersonal concerns, which in the RSSS are categorized into six struggles: Divine, Demonic, Doubt, Interpersonal, Moral and Ultimate Meaning. The prevalence of these as well as mental health correlates and associations with centrality of religiosity were explored in a sample of 1359 German-speaking participants, primarily university students from Switzerland. Inner r/s struggles have primarily been studied in samples from the United States, and data are lacking for more secular societies such as Switzerland, where these struggles are experienced as well. For the first time, the RSSS was translated into and administered in the German language and its six-factor structure confirmed with confirmatory factor analysis.
Right Without Remedy? The Development of the Presumption of Innocence at the International Criminal Court
Authors: Coleman Michelle 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article examines the presumption of innocence’s development at the International Criminal Court. While the presumption of innocence was hardly debated at the Rome Conference, several issues surrounding the presumption have been open to wide interpretation by the Court. This article argues that since the Rome Statute’s entry into force, the presumption of innocence goes beyond the text of Article 66 and has become a robust right that has application both inside and outside of the courtroom and has effect during the Situation, Pre-Trial and Trial phases. Despite these developments, what happens when the right is violated remains an open question. The paper will conclude that while the presumption of innocence may be better defined and more protective than it was 20 years ago, what happens in the case of a violation continues to be an area for further development.
Jacob Ṣemaḥ, Humanist
Authors: Chajes J. H. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Jacob Ṣemaḥ (ca. 1578–1667), an erudite physician-kabbalist, was raised amongst the conversos of Viana de Caminha in northwest Portugal. He fled the country in his mid-thirties to live openly as a Jew, arriving first in Salonica. Ṣemaḥ was responsible for the consolidation of the Lurianic literary corpus in the second third of the seventeenth century. His contribution, I argue, should be situated in the broader context of a scholarly curriculum vitae that began decades before his flight from Portugal, as Ṣemaḥ embraced Jewish life as a humanist. Coupled with his natural gifts and genius, Ṣemaḥ’s humanist education served him remarkably well in his new life. The interesting question is therefore not “how might he have learned Torah in Portugal” but “how did his Portuguese educational background affect—indeed, effect may be the more apt term—his Jewish scholarship?”
Forecasting Northern Australian Summer Rainfall Bursts Using a Seasonal Prediction System
Authors: Cowan Tim , Wheeler Matthew C. , Sharmila S. , Narsey Sugata , de Burgh-Day Catherine 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Rainfall bursts are relatively short-lived events that typically occur over consecutive days, up to a week. Northern Australian industries like sugar farming and beef are highly sensitive to burst activity, yet little is known about the multiweek prediction of bursts. This study evaluates summer (December–March) bursts over northern Australia in observations and multiweek hindcasts from the Bureau of Meteorology’s multiweek to seasonal system, the Australian Community Climate and Earth-System Simulator, Seasonal version 1 (ACCESS-S1). The main objective is to test ACCESS-S1’s skill to confidently predict tropical burst activity, defined as rainfall accumulation exceeding a threshold amount over three days, for the purpose of producing a practical, user-friendly burst forecast product. The ensemble hindcasts, made up of 11 members for the period 1990–2012, display good predictive skill out to lead week 2 in the far northern regions, despite overestimating the total number of summer burst days and the proportion of total summer rainfall from bursts. Coinciding with a predicted strong Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), the skill in burst event prediction can be extended out to four weeks over the far northern coast in December; however, this improvement is not apparent in other months or over the far northeast, which shows generally better forecast skill with a predicted weak MJO. The ability of ACCESS-S1 to skillfully forecast bursts out to 2–3 weeks suggests the bureau’s recent prototype development of a burst potential forecast product would be of great interest to northern Australia’s livestock and crop producers, who rely on accurate multiweek rainfall forecasts for managing business decisions.
Emergency General Surgery Procedures and Cost of Care for Older Adults in the State of Maryland
Authors: Ghneim Mira H. , Kufera Joseph A. , Clark Jaclyn , Harfouche Melike N. , Hendrix Cheralyn J. , Diaz Jose J. 
Published: November 2021

Background Older adults (OAs) ≥ 65 years of age, representing the fastest growing segment in the United States, are anticipated to require a greater percentage of emergency general surgery procedures (EGSPs) with an associated increase in health care costs. The aims of this study were to identify the frequency of EGSP and charges incurred by OA compared to their younger counterparts in the state of Maryland. Methods A retrospective review of the Maryland Health Services Cost Review Commission from 2009 to 2018 was undertaken. Patients undergoing urgent or emergent ESGP were divided into 2 groups (18-64 years and ≥65 years). Data collected included demographics, APR-severity of illness (SOI), APR-risk of mortality (ROM), the EGSP (partial colectomy [PC], small bowel resection [SBR], cholecystectomy, operative management of peptic ulcer disease, lysis of adhesions, appendectomy, and laparotomy), length of stay (LOS), and hospital charges. P-values ( P < .05) were significant. Results Of the 181,283 patients included in the study, 55,401 (38.1%) were ≥65 years of age. Older adults presented with greater APR-SOI (major 37.7% vs 21.3%, extreme 5.2% vs 9.3%), greater APR-ROM (major 25.3% vs 8.7%, extreme 22.3% vs 5.3%), underwent PC (24.5% vs 10.9%) and SBR (12.8% vs 7.0%) more frequently, and incurred significantly higher median hospital charges for every EGSP, consistently between 2009 and 2018 due to increased LOS and complications when compared to those ≤65 years of age. Conclusion These findings stress the need for validated frailty indices and quality improvement initiatives focused on the care of OAs in emergency general surgery to maximize outcomes and optimize cost.
Increases in Violence and Changes in Trauma Admissions During the COVID Quarantine
Authors: Klutts Garrett N. , Deloach Joe , McBain Sacha A. , Jensen Hanna , Sexton Kevin W. , Kalkwarf Kyle J. , Karim Saleema , Bhavaraju Avi 
Published: November 2021

Background The COVID-19 pandemic caused an abrupt change to societal norms. We anecdotally noticed an increase in penetrating and violent trauma during the period of stay-at-home orders. Studying these changes will allow trauma centers to better prepare for future waves of COVID-19 or other global catastrophes. Methods We queried our institutional database for all level 1 and 2 trauma activations presenting from the scene within our local county from March 18 to May 21, 2020 and matched time periods from 2016 to 2019. Primary outcomes were overall trauma volume, rates of penetrating trauma, rates of violent trauma, and transfusion requirements. Results The number of penetrating and violent traumas at our trauma center during the period of societal quarantine for the COVID-19 pandemic was more than any historical total. During the COVID-19 time period, we saw 39 penetrating traumas, while the mean value for the same time period from 2016 to 2019 was 26 ( P = .03). We saw 45 violent traumas during COVID; the mean value from 2016 to 2019 was 32 ( P = .05). There was also a higher rate of trauma patients requiring transfusion in the COVID cohort (6.7% vs 12.2%). Discussion Societal quarantine increased the number of penetrating and violent traumas, with a concurrent increased percentage of patients transfused. Despite this, there was no change in outcomes. Given the continuation of the COVID-19 pandemic, quarantine measures could be re-implemented. Data from this study can help guide expectations and utilization of hospital resources in the future.