bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Landslide hazard zonation using logistic regression technique: the case of Shafe and Baso catchments, Gamo highland, Ethiopia
Authors: Shano Leulalem , Raghuvanshi Tarun Kumar , Meten Matebie 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Landslide hazard zonation plays an important role in safe and viable infrastructure development, urbanization, land use, and environmental planning. The Shafe and Baso catchments are found in the Gamo highland which has been highly degraded by erosion and landslides thereby affecting the lives of the local people. In recent decades, recurrent landslide incidences were frequently occurring in this Highland region of Ethiopia in almost every rainy season. This demands landslide hazard zonation in the study area in order to alleviate the problems associated with these landslides. The main objectives of this study are to identify the spatiotemporal landslide distribution of the area; evaluate the landslide influencing factors and prepare the landslide hazard map. In the present study, lithology, groundwater conditions, distance to faults, morphometric factors (slope, aspect and curvature), and land use/land cover were considered as landslide predisposing/influencing factors while precipitation was a triggering factor. All these factor maps and landslide inventory maps were integrated using ArcGIS 10.4 environment. For data analysis, the principle of logistic regression was applied in a statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). The result from this statistical analysis showed that the landslide influencing factors like distance to fault, distance to stream, groundwater zones, lithological units and aspect have revealed the highest contribution to landslide occurrence as they showed greater than a unit odds ratio. The resulting landslide hazard map was divided into five classes: very low (13.48%), low (28.67%), moderate (31.62%), high (18%), and very high (8.2%) hazard zones which was then validated using the goodness of fit techniques and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) with an accuracy of 85.4. The high and very high landslide hazard zones should be avoided from further infrastructure and settlement planning unless proper and cost-effective landslide mitigation measures are implemented.
Rhizobium inoculants suppress emergence of the weed Striga gesnerioides in cowpea
Authors: MU'AZ WAJIHA ABDULLAHI , Dianda Mahamdi , Boukar Ousmane , Dieng Ibnou , Mohammed Gaya S , Belko Nouhoun , Togola Abou , Muhammad Hayat , Kanampiu Fred , Giller Ken , Vanlauwe Bernard 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cowpea is a grain legume of major importance in sub-Saharan Africa where it is cultivated by smallholder farmers on poor soils and production is often constrained by the parasitic weed Striga gesnerioides. Experiments were conducted to assess the potential of rhizobium inoculation in mitigating Striga infestation and increasing cowpea productivity. We tested under basal P application and artificial S. gesnerioides inoculation the impact of cowpea genotypes (G) (nine Striga-resistant and 11 Striga–susceptible genotypes) and bradyrhizobium inoculation (N) (two bradyrhizobium strains USDA3384 and IRJ2180A, and uninoculated control) on Striga dynamics and cowpea yield. Additional treatments included N supplied as urea (with and without), and no input (i.e., soil inherent N and P) that served as negative check. A first experiment was carried out in potted sterile soils in the screen house excluding addition of N-fertilizers. Significant G x N interactions were observed in counts of nodule (P = 0.012), Striga attachment (P < 0.0001) and emergence (P = 0.005), and cowpea shoot growth (P = 0.016). Cowpea nodulated poorly across host lines, Striga counts were the lowest for resistant varieties with no emerged plants. Rhizobial inoculants depressed Striga counts with consistent differences found across cowpea genotypes. Inoculation with IRJ2180A performed the best against Striga attachment in resistant genotypes, and its emergence in susceptible genotypes. In the field trial, nodule numbers were lowest in cowpea without inputs (P < 0.0001). The G x N interaction was significant in emerged Striga plants (P < 0.0001). Resistant genotypes were free of emerged Striga while for susceptible ones, Striga emergence was the highest without any input addition. Significant G x N interaction was observed in cowpea grain yield (P < 0.0001). Yield response to inoculation was most obvious for resistant genotypes inoculated with the strain IRJ2180A (P = 0.0043). The integrated use of Striga-resistant cowpea lines and elite bradyrhizobium inoculant under moderate application of P-based fertilizer could be a promising approach for mitigating Striga infestation and increasing productivity.
Accounting for epistasis improves genomic prediction of phenotypes with univariate and bivariate models across environments
Authors: Vojgani Elaheh , Pook Torsten , Martini Johannes W.R. , Hölker Armin C. , Mayer Manfred , Schön Chris-Carolin , Simianer Henner 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We compared the predictive ability of various prediction models for a maize dataset derived from 910 doubled haploid lines from two European landraces (Kemater Landmais Gelb and Petkuser Ferdinand Rot), which were tested at six locations in Germany and Spain. The compared models were Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (GBLUP) as an additive model, Epistatic Random Regression BLUP (ERRBLUP) accounting for all pairwise SNP interactions, and selective Epistatic Random Regression BLUP (sERRBLUP) accounting for a selected subset of pairwise SNP interactions. These models have been compared in both univariate and bivariate statistical settings for predictions within and across environments. Our results indicate that modeling all pairwise SNP interactions into the univariate/bivariate model (ERRBLUP) is not superior in predictive ability to the respective additive model (GBLUP). However, incorporating only a selected subset of interactions with the highest effect variances in univariate/bivariate sERRBLUP can increase predictive ability significantly compared to the univariate/bivariate GBLUP. Overall, bivariate models consistently outperform univariate models in predictive ability. Across all studied traits, locations, and landraces, the increase in prediction accuracy from univariate GBLUP to univariate sERRBLUP ranged from 5.9 to 112.4 percent, with an average increase of 47 percent. For bivariate models, the change ranged from − 0.3 to + 27.9 percent comparing the bivariate sERRBLUP to the bivariate GBLUP, with an average increase of 11 percent. This considerable increase in predictive ability achieved by sERRBLUP may be of interest for “sparse testing” approaches in which only a subset of the lines/hybrids of interest is observed at each location.
Optimization of a cable support strategy for roadways in coal mines by using the PSO algorithm
Authors: Tang Zhu , Li Shuqing , Huang Fei , Yang Junwei , Yang Fuling , Zhu Yanping , Yang Dangzheng , Wen Nan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cables are commonly used for roadway support in coal mines. Traditionally, support schemes show characteristics of excessive strength and resource waste; therefore, determining how to scientifically and economically arrange the distribution of cables is important for engineering practice. To obtain the best distribution of cables, in this paper, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and FLAC3D numerical simulation were combined to conduct numerical simulations. Finally, the best cable distribution considering safety and economy was determined. By analyzing the numerical simulation results, it can be concluded that the PSO algorithm can be applied to determine the optimal cable distribution for roadway support and can be applied to engineering practice. In addition, the best cable arrangement of a roadway under different lateral stress coefficients was obtained, and it can be concluded that the cable arrangement should be adjusted according to specific circumstances.
Contract Farming, Social Trust, And Cleaner Production Technology Adoption By Broiler Farmers In China
Authors: Mao Hui , Fu Yong , Cao Guangqiao , Chen Shaojian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Pollution from livestock and poultry is the main source of agricultural non-point-source pollution, which directly affects the rural ecological environment as well as the quality and safety of agricultural products. Based on field experiment data of broiler farmers in China, this paper analyzes the cleaner production behavior of farmers from the perspective of incomplete contracts and social trust. We find that social trust can promote farmers' cleaner production behaviors. Moreover, we find that contract farming (CF) has a significant positive effect on farmers' social trust and cleaner production behaviors. Further analysis indicates that CF not only directly promotes farmers' cleaner production, but can also indirectly promote farmers' cleaner production by improving their interpersonal and institutional trust. Overall, this research offers a new point of view for improving the rural environment and sheds light upon how the government can formulate relevant policies to promote farmers' cleaner production technology adoption.
Episodic transport of discrete magma batches beneath Aso volcano
Authors: Niu Jieming , Song Teh-Ru 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Magma ascent, storage, and discharge in the trans-crustal magma plumbing system are key to long-term volcanic output and short-term eruption dynamics. Petrological analytics, geodetic deformations and mechanical modeling have shaped the current understanding of magma transport. However, due to the lack of observations, how a distinct magma batch transports from a crystal-rich mush region to a crystal-poor pool with eruptible magma remains enigmatic. Through stacking of tilt and seismic waveform data, we find that episodic long-period tremors (LPTs) located near sea level beneath the Aso volcano are accompanied by a synchronous deformation event, which initiates ~50 seconds before individual LPT event and concludes seconds after. The episodic deformation source corresponds to either an inflation or a deflation event located ~3 km below sea level, with a major volumetric component (50-440 cubic meters per event) and a minor high-angle normal-fault component. We suggest that these deformation events likely represent short-lived, episodic upward transport of discrete magma batches accompanied by high-angle shear failure near the roof of the inferred magma chamber at relatively high temperature, whereas their recurrences, potentially composition dependent, are regulated by the brittle-to-ductile transition rheology under low differential stress and high strain rate due to the surge of magma from below, regulating long-term volcanic output rate. The magma ascent velocity, decompression rates, and cumulative magma output deduced from the episodic deformation events before recent eruptions in Aso volcano are compatible with retrospective observations of the eruption style, tephra fallouts, and plume heights, promising real-time evaluation of upcoming eruptions.
Transcriptomic Analysis of Quinoa Reveals A Group of Germin-Like Proteins Induced By Trichoderma
Authors: Rollano-Peñaloza Oscar Miguel , Mollinedo Patricia , Widell Susanne , Rasmusson Allan G. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Fungi in the Trichoderma genus affect growth and pathogen resistance of many plant species with different outcomes. Most plant-Trichoderma interactions result in a beneficial relationship. However, Trichoderma fungi may have a negative impact on certain plants depending on their genotype. Thus, plant-Trichoderma interactions outcome might depend on their genetic compatibility, which is not known in molecular detail. Results: Here we describe the transcriptomic response of two cultivars of Chenopodium quinoa to axenic co-cultivation with Trichoderma harzianum BOL-12 and Trichoderma afroharzianum T22. The response of C. quinoa roots to BOL-12 and T22 in the early phases of interaction was studied by RNA sequencing and RT-qPCR verification. Interaction with the two fungal strains induced partially overlapping gene expression responses. Comparing the two plant genotypes, a broad spectrum of putative quinoa defense genes were found activated in cultivar Kurmi but not in the Real cultivar. In cultivar Kurmi, relatively small effects were observed for classical pathogen response pathways but instead a C. quinoa-specific clade of putative defensive germin-like genes were activated. Germin-like genes were found to be more rapidly induced in cultivar Kurmi as compared to Real. The same germin-like genes were found to be upregulated systemically in Kurmi leaves. No strong correlation was observed between any of the known hormone-mediated defense response pathways and any of the quinoa-Trichoderma interactions. Conclusions: C. quinoa triggers a set of germin-like defensive genes in response to Trichoderma interaction. Quinoa germin-like gene expression is cultivar-specific upon interaction with Trichoderma and was found to be expressed also systemically. The observed differences of quinoa response to Trichoderma for each quinoa cultivar are relevant for the application of Trichoderma agents for quinoa crop protection.
Chromitite layers require the existence of large, long-lived, and entirely molten magma chambers
Authors: Latypov Rais , Chistyakova Sofya , Barnes Stephen , Godel Belinda , Delaney Gary , Cleary Paul , Radermacher Viktor , Campbell Ian , Jakata Kudakwashe 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
An emerging and increasingly pervasive school of thought is that large, long-lived and largely molten magma chambers are transient to non-existent in Earth’s history1–13. These ideas attempt to supplant the classical paradigm of the ‘big magma tank’ chambers in which the melt differentiates, is replenished, and occasionally feeds the overlying volcanoes14–23. The stratiform chromitites in the Bushveld Complex – the largest magmatic body in the Earth’s crust24 – however, offers strong contest to this shifting concept. Several chromitites in this complex occur as layers up to 2 metres in thickness and more than 400 kilometres in lateral extent, implying that chromitite-forming events were chamber-wide phenomena24–27. Field relations and microtextural data, specifically the relationship of 3D coordination number and grain size, indicate that the chromitites grew as a 3D framework of touching chromite grains directly at the chamber floor from a melt saturated in chromite only28–30. Mass-balance estimates dictate that a 1 to 4 km thick column of this melt26,31,32 is required to form each of these chromitite layers. Therefore, an enormous volume of melt (>1,00,000 km3)24,25 must have been involved in the generation of all the Bushveld chromitite layers, with half of this melt being expelled from the magma chamber24,26. We therefore argue that the very existence of thick and laterally extensive chromitite layers in the Bushveld and other layered intrusions strongly buttress the classical paradigm of ‘big magma tank’ chambers.
Association of Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity and MC4R Polymorphisms in Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Overweight/Obese Women
Authors: elhamkia maryam , Setayesh Leila , Yarizadeh Habib , Pooyan Sara , Veysi Zahra , Aghamohammadi Vajihe , Casazza Krista , Mirzaei Khadijeh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: 3-15% of people with obesity display a metabolically healthy phenotype. An inflammatory diet impairs metabolic signaling pathways and eliciting metabolic syndrome. The main purpose of this study was to investigate how the Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity (DTAC) and the MC4R variants affect the metabolic health status in overweight and obese Iranian women.Methods and results: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 237 overweight-obese Tehrani women with mean age of 36 years.The DTAC was calculated using the following indices: total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and the ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP). The Metabolic health was evaluated using the Karelis criteria. The MC4R genotypes were determined by the restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Approximately 43% of participants were identified as Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity (MUO), 6% Metabolically Healthy Obesity (MHO) including 42.5% of the total had T/T genotype ,23.8% had the C/T genotype, and 33.5% had the C/C genotype (P=0.05). In the C/C genotype people 75% were unhealthy whereas it was lower in T/T and T/C genotype people. Further, The C/C genotype with higher DTAC quartile had higher Karlis score than other DTAC quartile. A liner model test supported that the probability of MHO was significantly higher in subjects with the T/C genotype (β=-0.001, 95% CI= -0.001-4.796; P ≤ 0.1). Conclusions: Our results indicated that the C/C genotype with higher DTAC had favorable lipid profile and were metabolically healthier. It is plausible that dietary modification targeting antioxidant intake may attenuate metabolic impairments associated with genetic predisposition.
Synthesis And Evaluation of Ca-Doped Ferrihydrite As A Novel Adsorbent For The Efficient Removal of Fluoride
Authors: ahmad Khalil , Shah Izaz Ali , Ali Sharafat , Khan Muahammad Tariq , Qureshi Muhammad Bilal Ahmed , Shah Syed Hassan Ali , Ali Asmat , Rashid Wajid , Gul Hifza Nayab 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this work, a novel calcium (Ca) doped ferrihydrite adsorbent was evaluated for the enhanced adsorption of fluoride (F) from the aqueous phase. The adsorbent properties, adsorption behavior, and mechanism were systematically evaluated. The synthesized adsorbent exhibited tremendous performance in a broad range of temperature and pH. Interestingly, the presence of co-existing anions such as NO3-, SO42-, Cl-, and natural organic matter (NOM) have no considerable effect on the adsorption of fluoride from water. The adsorption process was best fitted to the pseudo-second order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm. The prepared adsorbent exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity of 53.21 mg/g for the uptake of fluoride from water. The regeneration results confirmed that adsorbent could retain their original adsorption capacity after five regeneration cycles. Results from the current study suggested that Ca-doped ferrihydrite has the application potential for the enhanced adsorption of fluoride from the water phase.
Response of Plant Diversity of Urban Remnant Mountains To Surrounding Urban Spatial Morphological Features: A Case Study In Guiyang of Guizhou Province, China
Authors: Kong Ning , Wang Zhitai 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
To explore response of plant diversity of urban remnant mountains (URMs) in the built environment to the surrounding urban spatial morphological features during urban expansion, 9 typical URMs were selected as the research objects, the spots in each sample URM were set by the combination way of the slope direction and slope position, a total of 99 plots for plant diversity survey. Taking the edge line of the sample URMs as the datum, annular buffer zones were set successively outward at step lengths of 100 m, a total of 16 buffer zones with a total width of 1600 m.The spatial morphological characteristics within each buffer zone were analyzed by using spatial syntax, then the relationship between spatial morphological characteristics and plant diversity of URMs were analyzed. The results indicated that: ① There were significant differences in plant diversity among different URMs, and there were also significant differences in plant diversity in different slope positions or different directions of the same URM. ② The spatial morphology around the URMs was different, and the road density (Dn) around the URMs tended to be stable with the increase of spatial scale. The space syntactic indices were positively linearly correlated with the buffer width. ③ On the whole, there was a positive correlation between spatial morphology indices and URMs plant diversity indices. Connectivity (Ci), integration (Ii) and road density (Dn) were more comprehensive and specific, and the correlation increased with the increase of spatial scale. However, choice (C), connectivity (Ci) and mean depth (MDi) were not comprehensive and unstable in response to plant diversity indices. ④There were differences in the response of different slope positions or different directions of the same URM to the spatial morphology. The response intensity of plant diversity in different slope position of URMs to urban spatial morphology was the foot of mountain> mountainside > mountaintop; There was a weak and unstable relationship between road density (Dn) and plant diversity indices in different directions. The results of this study could provide important scientific basis for the conservation and management of urban plant diversity and urban planning and construction.
Design and Validation of Integrated Clamping Interfaces for Post-Processing and Robotic Handling in Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Ferchow Julian , Kälin Dominik , Englberger Gokula , Schlüssel Marcel , Klahn Christoph , Meboldt Mirko 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM), particularly laser-based powder bed fusion of metals (LPBF), enables the fabrication of complex and customized metallic parts. However, 20–40% of the total manufacturing costs are usually attributed to post-processing steps. To reduce the costs of extensive post-processing, the process chain for AM parts has to be automated. Accordingly, robotic gripping and handling processes, as well as an efficient clamping for subtractive machining of AM parts, are key challenges. This study introduces and validates integrated bolts acting as a handling and clamping interface of AM parts. The bolts are integrated into the part design and manufactured in the same LPBF process. The bolts can be easily removed after the machining process using a wrench. This feasibility study investigates different bolt elements. The experiments and simulations conducted in the study show that a force of 250 N resulted in a maximum displacement of 12.5 µm. The milling results of the LPBF parts reveal a maximum roughness value, Ra, of 1.42 µm, which is comparable to that of a standard clamping system. After the bolt removal, a maximum residual height of 0.067 mm remains. Two case studies are conducted to analyze the form deviation, the effect of bolts on build time and material volume and to demonstrate the application of the bolts. Thus, the major contribution of this study is the design and the validation of standardized interfaces for robotic handling and clamping of complex AM parts. The novelties are a simple and clean interface removal, less material consumption, less support structure required and finally an achievement of a five-side tool accessibility by combining the interfaces with a three-jaw chuck.