bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conceptions and Intentions as a New Focus of Attention in Criminology and Jurisprudence
Authors: Fadeev Victor 
Published: November 2021

The anatomy of crime, viewed as such in comparison with any form of law and order, is presented as a criminological template developed by the humanity over the centuries of legal practice. This template includes the following: the conception of the action — the intention to commit it — the preparation — committing the action — its direct manifestations — its results and consequences compared with the conception and the size of punishment.
Currently, the conception and intention are not yet criminalized. It is connected with the fact that this sphere is not either generally or specifically recognized as an object of science and legal practice, diverse criminal conceptions and intentions stay outside the professional attention and jurisprudence although they are, explicitly or implicitly, perverted in their essence and character.
It is worth noting that the «black hole» of uncertainty and the perverted character of the legal environment in which the humanity lives are manifested not only in the sphere of professional interests of criminology as a science of crime counteraction.
However, not only philosophy, but practically all the humanities, including psychology and its applications, have not taken seriously the conception and the intentions of its embodiment which, through logos, are included in the essence of the human and the humanity, and in his life on planet Earth. For this reason, it is dominated by lies and deceptions, by criminal conceptions, intentions and acts, wars and homicide involving not only individual persons, by whole countries and nations. Urgent measures need to be developed and implemented to stop this rampage of destructive forces, it is necessary to have a «global rebooting» and to take the path of living in and developing a truly human civilization.
Physicochemical mechanisms of the growth of oxide crystals on the surface of tungsten conductors heated by electric current
Authors: Orlovskaya S.G. 
Published: November 2021

Physical and mathematical modeling of stationary thermal modes of heating and oxidation of tungsten conductors heated by electric current in air has been carried out. The dependences of the stationary temperature of the conductor on the strength of the heating current are obtained. The critical values of the current strength are found, which determine the transitions to the unsteady oxidation regime. The results of calculating the temperature regimes describe well the experimental data obtained by us using the electrothermographic method.
As a result of experimental studies, the features of the appearance and growth of crystalline oxide structures on the surface of an oxidizing tungsten conductor have been studied. The temperatures at which filamentous crystals appear on the tungsten surface are determined, and the regularities of their growth are investigated. A physicochemical mechanism of the formation and growth of crystalline oxide structures on the surface of a tungsten conductor is proposed. It was found that carbon particles, which are part of the impurity, are the reason for the formation of nitrate crystals of tungsten trioxide on the basic oxide. With an increase in the temperature of the sample, the filaments grow, branch out and transform into dendritic structures of a complex bush-like shape. It has been proven that the rapid growth of crystal structures occurs due to the deposition of clusters and microgranules of WO3 oxide from the gas phase on the crystallization centers on the surface of the conductor. At the initial stage, these are impurity particles or mechanical inhomogeneities of the basic oxide, then a growing crystal. Clusters arise due to large temperature gradients at the surface of the conductor. It has been established that carbon atoms can migrate along the branches of oxide crystal structures.
It was found that at the initial stage the crystals grow more intensively in the longitudinal direction. However, upon reaching a certain height, they begin to expand intensively in the transverse direction. The growth rates of crystal structures in the longitudinal and transverse directions are found.
The Perception of Induction System on Headteachers and Assistance on Public Basic School in West Mamprusi Municipality in the Northeast Region of Ghana
Authors: Surazu Mohammed Mutala 
Published: November 2021

The study was conducted to investigate the perception of induction system on public basic schools in the West Mamprusi Municipal in the Northeast Region. The objectives of the study were to find out some of the training and induction programs that are organized in basic schools in the study area, determine the causes of ineffective induction programs organized in basic schools in the study area and to ascertain the perception of induction programs on teaching and learning in basic schools in the study area. The researcher used descriptive survey design to collect quantitative data for the study. The targeted population was one hundred and twenty 120 head teachers and assistant head teachers of the public basic schools in the West Mamprusi Municipality. Based on the findings, some other induction programs organized in some of the schools include; training on the use of methodologies in teaching, training on guidance and mentoring new teachers, training on school and community relationship, health and safety training, training on GES code of ethics and training on lesson plan preparation. Based on the findings it can be concluded that induction programs supports and mitigates teacher attrition, increases career commitment, and contributes to retention through meeting teachers' personal and professional needs which also include improvement in professional growth and development, effective integration of new employees to the organization and providing new teachers with training tools and Other needs. Also working conditions play a significant role in teacher career satisfaction and commitment as the findings depicted.
Penyakit Parkinson: Tinjauan Tentang Salah Satu Penyakit Neurodegeneratif yang Paling Umum
Authors: Alia Safia , Hidayati Hanik Badriyah , Hamdan Muhammad , Nugraha Priya , Fahmi Achmad , Turchan Agus , Haryono Yudha 
Published: November 2021

Penyakit Parkinson (PP) adalah penyakit neurodegeneratif paling umum ke dua yang melibatkan hilangnya neuron dopaminergik di otak tengah yang menyebabkan gejala motorik dan nonmotorik pada pasien yang mengalaminya. Gejala motorik ini dapat dikelola dan dikendalikan dalam jangka waktu tertentu dengan menggunakan obat-obatan seperti levodopa. PP mempengaruhi jutaan orang di seluruh dunia, oleh karena itu tinjauan pustaka tinjauan pustaka tentang PP menjadi penting dan kami akan menyampaikan berbagai hal penting dari PP mulai dari patofisiologi hingga tindakan pengobatan baik medikamentosa maupun tindakan intervensi.
CONTACT INTERACTION OF DISCRETE-CONTINUALLY STRENGTHENED PARTS OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
Authors: Tkachuk М.А. , Kravchenko S. O. , Grabovskiy A. V. , Tkachuk М.М. , Veretelnik O. V. , Kutsenko S. V. , Klochkov I. E. , Saverska M. S. 
Published: November 2021

Studies of the stress-strain state of discrete-continuously strengthening parts of internal combustion engines are described in the paper. A parametric model of a microcell containing a two-part cell has been developed. The first part simulates a fragment of an aluminum part with a surface corundum layer. The second part is a fragment of a cast iron part with a zone of discrete strengthening of steel. Vary: modulus of elasticity of the corundum layer material and the shape of the discrete hardening zone. The dependences of the strength and stiffness characteristics of the studied system on the varied parameters are established. They are the basis for substantiation of rational modes of technology of discrete-continuous strengthening of parts of internal combustion engines.
In the course of research, it was found that previously determined for discrete strengthening, the effects of a favourable redistribution of contact interaction between parts are preserved for discrete-continuous strengthening. The characteristic dependences of the features of the stress-strain state of the elements of discrete-continuously strengthening parts on the varied properties of the surface layers of the continuously strengthened part, on the one hand, and the shape of the discrete strengthening zone, on the other, are determined. This makes it possible to determine the sensitivity of the characteristics to purposeful or random variation of these factors. It is also expedient to set and solve optimization problems to determine such modes of technological operation of discrete-continuous strengthening, which increase the characteristics of strength, durability, efficiency of internal combustion engines and other machines, units and assemblies containing such strengthened parts.
The developed approach, models and research methods will be further applied to studies of the stress-strain state of contacting discrete-continuously strengthened parts of structures to improve the technical and tactical and technical characteristics of products of machine-building enterprises.
PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT OF ENERGY SAVING PROJECTS BASED ON THE MARKOVITS THEORY
Authors: Kiyko S. , Deineha L. , Basanets M. , Kamienskyi D. , Didenko A. 
Published: November 2021

The goal of the work was to identify research and compare methods of portfolio management of energy saving projects and to develop software for optimizing portfolio investments using several methods. The key elements and strategies of creating an effective investment portfolio are considered: diversification, rebalancing, active portfolio management, passive portfolio management.
Given the basic principles of investment theory, the task of portfolio investment is to form an investment portfolio with known shares of certain assets to maximize returns and minimize risk. To solve this problem, the method of Harry Markowitz, known as modern portfolio theory, was chosen. This is the theory of financial investment, in which statistical methods are used to make the most profitable risk distribution of the securities portfolio and income valuation, its components are asset valuation, investment decisions, portfolio optimization, evaluation of results. From a mathematical point of view, the problem of forming an optimal portfolio is the problem of optimizing a quadratic function (finding the minimum) with linear constraints on the arguments of the function.
Methods of optimization of portfolios of energy saving projects taking into account the specifics of the subject area are analyzed. According to the results of the analysis, the methods of finding the maximum Sharpe’s ratio and the minimum volatility from randomly generated portfolios were chosen.
A software application has been developed that allows you to download data, generate random portfolios and optimize them with selected methods. A graphical display of portfolio optimization results has also been implemented. The program was tested on data on shares of energy saving companies. The graphs built by the program allow the operator to better assess the created portfolio of the energy saving project.
Development of Prognostic Model Based on Five-gene Related to Tumor Mutation Burden in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Shujun Zhou , Li Qingling , Yu Bin , Ye Qifa , Wang Yanfeng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) , the incidence rate ranks sixth and regards as the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. Tumor mutation burden (TMB) , a novel biomarker featured with microsatellite instability, has been thought to be closely related to tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy.MethodsIn this study, the 357 HCC samples were download from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and analyzed.ResultsSingle nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and C > T variation had the most missense mutations, and we also observed the higher mutation frequency in TP53, TTN, CTNNB1. With an optimal cut-off value of 4.61, the high level of TMB presented a worse prognosis. Functional analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed they were enriched in the pathway of the formation of extracellular matrix organization and sulfur compound metabolic. A 5-gene-based (including SFRP4, IL7R, FBLN2, COLEC10 and CHGA) model has been constructed to explore the independent prognosis capacity of each HCC patient.ConclusionsThe establishment of 5-gene-based prognosis model functions well in predicting the median of 1- , 3- and 5-year outcome of the individual patient and which will be beneficial for pre-clinical diagnosis and therapeutic decision-making.
Effect of Temperature On Re-entrant Condensation of Globular Protein in Presence of Tri-Valent Ions
Authors: Pandit Subhankar , Kundu Sarathi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Globular proteins play several essential roles in functioning different mechanisms of the living organisms, and the stability of such protein molecules in an aqueous solution is strongly affected by multivalent ions. In this article, we have systematically studied the effect of temperature (between 5 and 25ºC) on the re-entrant condensation behaviour of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in the presence of trivalent ions, Yttrium (Y3+), and Lanthanum (La3+). The effect of temperature is explained considering the optical properties of the protein, i.e., from the optical absorption and emission behaviours. The absorption in the visible region and the fluorescence emission of BSA becomes maximum at the lowest temperature. The decrement of mobility at lower temperature is responsible for fluorescence enhancement. Moreover, the activation energy of the turbid or viscus phase of the BSA protein under re-entrant condensation is enhanced in comparison with the transparent phase and the corresponding energy value is estimated from the fluorescence study.
Development and Validation of a Predictive Score and Application of Ultrasound for Difficult Caudal Epidural Blockade in Adult Patients：A Prospective Study
Authors: Zhao Jialian , Xie Guohao , Chu Lihua , Song Shengwen , Wang Ya , Lai Dengming , Cheng Baoli , Fang Xiangming 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: We aimed to develop a predictive difficult caudal epidural blockade (pDCEB) model when ultrasound was not available and verify the role of ultrasound in difficult caudal epidural blockade(CEB).Methods: This study consisted of three phases. First, we prospectively enrolled 202 patients and assessed risk factors to develop the predictive scoring system. Second, we enrolled 87 patients to validate it. Third, we enrolled 68 patients with a high risk of difficult CEB (pDCEB score ≥ 3) and randomized them into ultrasound and landmark groups to verify the role of ultrasound. Result: The rate of difficult CEB was 14.98% overall 289 patients. We found a correlation of unclear palpation of the sacral hiatus (OR 9.688) and cornua (OR 4.725), number of the sacral hiatus by palpation ≥ 1 (OR 4.451), and history of difficult CEB (OR 39.282) with higher possibility of difficult CEB. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the pDCEB model involving the aforementioned factors was 0.889 (95% CI, 0.827-0.952) in the development cohort and 0.862 (95% CI, 0.747-0.977) in the validation cohort. For patients with a pDCEB score ≥ 3, pre-procedure ultrasound scan could reduce the incidence of difficult CEB. Conclusion: This novel pDCEB score, which takes into account palpation of the sacral hiatus/cornua, number of the sacral hiatus by palpation ≥ 1, and history of difficult CEB, showed a good predictive ability of difficult CEB. The findings suggested that performing an ultrasound scan is essential for patients with a pDCEB score ≥ 3. 4 Trial registration: No: ChiCTR1800018871, Site url: https://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=31875&htm=4
Access to Reproductive Health Care Services among African Women Living in Beijing: Understanding the Challenges
Authors: Asuamah Mavis Adu , Boateng Raymond 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A growing body of research has explored the health care experiences of African migrants in China. However, within this body of research, there is a lacuna on access to reproductive health care among African women within this population. The study adopted semi-structured interviews in exploring the challenges to reproductive health care services among African women in Beijing. Results indicate that African women face multiple barriers to accessing reproductive health care. In particular, the absence of reproductive health education and awareness, discriminatory immigration policy, discontentment with health care services, and language barrier were the key challenging factors identified. The study recommends the implementation of secure and equitable policies that cater for the need of minority groups in a multicultural context.
Duck Hepatitis A Virus Type 1 Mediates Cell Cycle Arrest In The S Phase
Authors: Liu Yuanzhi , Li Yanglin , Wang Mingshu , Cheng Anchun , Ou Xumin , Mao Sai , Sun Di , Wu Ying , Yang Qiao , Jia Renyong , Tian Bin , Zhang Shaqiu , Zhu Dekang , Chen Shun , Liu Mafeng , Zhao Xinxin , Huang Juan , Gao Qun , Yu Yanling , Zhang Ling 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1) is one of the most serious pathogens endangering the duck industry. However, there are few studies on the regulation of the cell cycle by DHAV-1.Methods: In this study, flow cytometry was applied to analyze the effect of DHAV-1 infection on the cell cycle of duck embryo fibroblasts (DEFs). Subsequently, we analyzed the effects of cell cycle phases on DHAV-1 replication by real-time reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (real-time RT-qPCR).Results: Flow cytometry data analysis found that DEFs in the S phase increased by 25.85% and 54.21% at 24h and 48h after DHAV-1 infection, respectively. The levels of viral RNA detected by real-time RT-qPCR were higher in the DEFs with synchronization in the S phase or G0/G1 phase than in the control group. However, there was no difference in viral copy number between the G2/M phase arrest and control groups. In addition, nonstructural protein 3D of DHAV-1 significantly increased cells in the S phase, indicating that 3D protein is one of the reasons for the cell cycle arrest in the S phase.Conclusions: In summary, DHAV-1 infection induces the cell cycle of DEFs to be arrested in the S phase. Both S phase and G0/G1 phase synchronization facilitate the replication of DHAV-1, and 3D protein is one of the reasons for the S phase arrest.
All-optical control of pendular qubit states with nonresonant two-color laser pulses.
Authors: Mun Je Hoi , Shinichirou Minemoto , Kim Dong Eon , Sakai Hirofumi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Practical methodologies for quantum qubit controls are established by two prerequisites, i.e., preparation of a well-defined initial quantum state and coherent control of that quantum state.
Here we propose a new type of quantum control method, realized by irradiating nonresonant nanosecond two-color ($\omega$ and 2$\omega$) laser pulses to molecules in the pendular (field-dressed) ground state.
The two-color field nonadiabatically splits the initial pendular ground state $\vert\tilde{0},\tilde{0}\rangle$ to a superposition state of $\vert\tilde{0},\tilde{0}\rangle$ and $\vert\tilde{1},\tilde{0}\rangle$, whose relative probability amplitudes can be controlled by the peak intensity of one wavelength component ($\omega$) while the peak intensity of the other component (2$\omega$) is fixed.
The splitting of the quantum paths is evidenced by observing degrees of orientation of ground-state-selected OCS molecules by the velocity map imaging technique. This quantum control method is highly advantageous in that any type of polar molecules can be controlled regardless of the molecular parameters, such as rotational energy, permanent dipole moment, polarizability, hyperpolarizability, and hyperfine energy structures.
Characterization and Establishment of a Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assay for Rapid Detection of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus in Pepper
Authors: Hao Kaiqiang , Gu Ming , Yang Miaoren , Gao Xinran , Xia Zihao , An Mengnan , Wang Zhiping , Zhao Xiuxiang , Wu Yuanhua 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is one of the most economically destructive and scientifically challenging plant viruses, which has seriously affected the production of commercial crops. At present, there is no effective strategy to control this virus. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a rapid and simple method to detect TSWV, which is of great significance to prevent its spread. In this study, an isolate of TSWV (TSWV-LNTL) infecting pepper from Liaoning Province of northeast China was obtained. A phylogenetic tree based on neighbor-joining using coat protein (CP) gene was established. A rapid method for detecting TSWV by recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) was established. The phylogenetic tree based on the nucleotide sequences of coat protein (CP) genes of different TSWV isolates showed that the genetic relationship of TSWV-LNTL was most closely related to that of TSWV-LX-Lettuce-12 (Yunnan) and TSWV-TSHL (Shandong) isolates in China. It can be finished at 39 °C for 20 min and then purified by heating at 65 °C for 10 min. The RPA primers were highly specific and no cross-reactivity was detected with other selected viruses infecting pepper. The results of sensitivity test revealed that the detection limit of RPA is 1.0 × 103 copies/μL, which was tenfold lower than that of PCR method. In addition, the RPA method was successfully applied to detect TSWV in field samples. These results reported the occurrence of TSWV on crop in Liaoning Province of northeast China and demonstrated that the established RPA assay provided an effective molecular diagnostic tool for the accurate and rapid detection of TSWV to prevent its spread.
Incisional Hernia Prevention By Modification of The Abdominal Wall Closure Technique: Systematic Review And Meta-analysis
Authors: Hernández Edgard Efren Lozada , Bonilla Juan Pablo Hernandez , Ugarte Diego Hinojosa , Garcia Miguel Magdaleno , Gonzalez Juan Carlos Mayagoitia , Vazquez Luis Abraham Zuñiga , Moreno Enrique Obregon , Reyna Juan Ramon Varela , Herevia Aldo Edyair Jimenez 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Incisional hernia (IH) is the main complication after laparotomy. The objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of closure technique modification (CTM) for reducing the incidence of IH to provide objective support for its recommendation.Methods: A meta-analysis was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. The primary objective was to determine the incidence of IH, and the secondary objective was to determine the incidence of acute evisceration and postoperative complications. Only published clinical trials were included. The risk of bias was analyzed, and the random effects model was used to determine statistical significance.Results: Nine studies comparing 2,612 patients were inclued. The incidence of IH was significantly lower in the CTM group than in the control group, with an OR of 0.39 (95% CI 0.26-0.57). The incidence of acute postoperative evisceration was also reduced, with an OR of 0.46 (95% CI 0.23-0.92). Associated complications, including hematoma, seroma, and postoperative pain, could not be analyzed; however, CTM did not increase the risk of surgical site infection.Conclusion: CTM for midline laparotomy significantly reduces the incidence of IH compared to conventional closure. Limitations of the analysis included differences in follow-up, patient selection, diagnostic methods, and the reporting of postoperative complications among the studies.Funding Information: No funding was received.Registration: This study was prospectively registered in the PROSPERO database under registration number CRD42021231107.