bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating collaborative institutions by segregation and homophily in policy networks
Authors: Henry Adam Douglas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany policy systems are experimenting with collaborative institutions to manage complex policy problems in the face of persistent conflict and scientific uncertainty. Policy networks are central to the theory of why collaborative institutions are effective. While many policy systems naturally become segregated, fragmented, or siloed due to homophily, collaborative institutions are hypothesized to create more integrated systems of organizational collaboration. Collaborative institutions may, therefore, be evaluated by the extent to which they reduce the tendency toward homophily and increase the integration of policy networks. This paper evaluates three collaborative institutions in regional land‐use planning and specifies a theory of the program from two prominent frameworks: Institutional Collective Action and the Advocacy Coalition Framework. Results show that three forms of homophily are at work, and that in some cases, collaborative institutions successfully reduce the tendency toward network segregation.
Distributed leadership and performance‐related employee outcomes in public sector organizations
Authors: Jakobsen Mads Leth , Kjeldsen Anne Mette , Pallesen Thomas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDistributed leadership is the sharing of leadership tasks between managers and employees. This article demonstrates how a distributed leadership perspective adds to the public administration literature by including an important sensitivity to planned and nonplanned leadership. We propose a theoretical model that explains the impact of distributed leadership on employee outcomes which have a direct or indirect impact on organizational performance in public organizations contingent on alignment with individual leadership capacity and organizational goals. Our empirical analysis in the Danish hospital sector shows initial support for the expected relationships between distributed leadership and performance‐related employee outcomes such as job satisfaction and innovative behavior. This indicates that the distributed leadership perspective holds the potential to strengthen service delivery in complex public service organizations while there is weaker support for the notion that the positive impact of distributed leadership depends on individual leadership capacity and their support for organizational goals.
Gender‐responsive budgeting: A budget reform to address gender inequity
Authors: Rubin Marilyn Marks , Bartle John R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn recognition of gender inequities, more than 80 countries have applied a gender perspective to their budget process, initiatives referred to as gender‐responsive budgeting (GRB). Research on GRB initiatives has focused on whether they reduce gender inequities. However, if it is to have a lasting effect, GRB must reform the budget process and become integral to government administrative routines. We examine the experiences of several countries with GRB initiatives and identify the key factors explaining implementation success or failure. We find that these factors are similar to those that explain the success of earlier budget reforms focused on efficiency and effectiveness. While the equity objective of GRB differentiates it from other budget reforms, these factors provide the context for understanding GRB initiatives. Although gender parity is just one dimension of social equity, the success of GRB initiatives shows that governments can use their budgets to meet social equity objectives.
Functional near‐infrared spectroscopy to assess pain in neonatal circumcisions
Authors: Yuan Ian , Nelson Olivia , Barr Gordon A. , Zhang Bingqing , Topjian Alexis A. , DiMaggio Theresa J. , Lang Shih‐Shan , Christ Lori A. , Izzetoglu Kurtulus , Greco Christine C. , Kurth Charles D. , Ganesh Arjunan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionPain assessment is challenging in neonates. Behavioral and physiological pain scales do not assess neocortical nociception, essential to pain encoding and central pain pathway development. Functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) can assess neocortical activation to noxious stimuli from changes in oxy‐(HbO) and total‐hemoglobin concentrations (HbT). This study aims to assess fNIRS nociceptive functional activation in the prefrontal cortex of neonates undergoing circumcision through changes in HbO and HbT, and the correlation between changes in fNIRS and Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS), a behavioral pain assessment scale.MethodsIn healthy term neonates, HbO, HbT, and NIPS were recorded during sequential circumcision events 1‐Prep before local anesthetic injection; 2‐Local anesthetic injection; 3‐Prep before incision; 4‐Oral sucrose; 5‐Incision; 6‐Gomco (hemostatic device) attached; 7‐Gomco twisted on; and 8‐Gomco removed. fNIRS and NIPS changes after each event were assessed with Wilcoxon signed‐rank test and summarized as median and interquartile range (IQR). Changes in fNIRS vs. NIPS were correlated with Spearman coefficient.ResultsIn 31 neonates fNIRS increased (median [IQR] µmol/L) with noxious events: Local injection (HbO: 1.1 [0.5, 3.1], p < .001; HbT: 2.3 [0.2, 7.6], p < .001), Gomco attached (HbO: 0.7 [0.1, 1.7], p = .002; HbT: 0.7 [−0.2, 2.9], p = .02), and Gomco twisted on (HbO: 0.5 [−0.2, 1.7], p = .03; HbT: 0.8 [−0.1, 3.3], p = .02). fNIRS decreased with non‐noxious event: Prep before incision (HbO: −0.6 [−1.2, −0.2] p < .001; HbT: −1 [−1.8, −0.4], p < .001). Local anesthetic attenuated fNIRS increases to subsequent sharp stimuli. NIPS increased with subsequent sharp stimuli despite local anesthetic. Although fNIRS and NIPS changed in the same direction, there was not a strong correlation between them.ConclusionsDuring neonatal circumcision, changes in fNIRS differed between different types of painful stimuli, which was not the case for NIPS, suggesting that fNIRS may complement NIPS to assess the quality of pain.
Association between implementation of a coordinated care pathway in idiopathic scoliosis patients and a reduction in perioperative outcome disparities
Authors: Dela Merced Philip , Vazquez Colon Caroll , Mirzada Ariana , Oke Ayodele , Gal Zsombor , Cheng Jenhao , Oetgen Matthew M. , Martin Benjamin , Pestieau Sophie R. , Cronin Jessica A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere are well‐documented racial and ethnic disparities in treatment and perioperative outcomes for patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.AimsWe hypothesize that the implementation of a coordinated care pathway for pediatric patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis may be associated with a reduction in racial and ethnic disparities in perioperative outcomes.MethodsThis is a retrospective pre‐ and post‐test cohort study of patients who underwent posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis at our institution between July 1, 2013 and August 5, 2019. We implemented a coordinated care pathway in March 2015. Patient demographics included age, race, ethnicity, weight, gender, insurance status, ASA class, time between the date surgery was ordered and the date surgery occurred, degree of scoliosis, and the number of spinal levels fused. The primary outcome was length of stay. The secondary outcomes included transfusion rates, pain scores, and postoperative complications. Multivariable regression models compared outcome medians across race/ethnicity. Disparities were defined as the difference in adjusted outcomes by race/ethnicity.ResultsFour hundred twenty‐four patients underwent posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis at our institution (116 prepathway and 308 postpathway). The median length of stay of Black patients was 1.0 day (95% CI: 0.4, 1.5; p = .006) longer than White patients prepathway. Prepathway patients who self‐identified as Other had a 1.2 (95% CI: 0.5, 1.9; p = .004) higher median average pain score on postoperative day 1 compared with White patients. On postoperative day 2, patients who identified as Other had 2.0 (95% CI: 0.8, 3.2; p = .005) higher pain score compared with White patients prepathway. Postpathway, there were no significant differences in outcomes by race/ethnicity.ConclusionsOur study supports the hypothesis that use of a coordinated care pathway is associated with a reduction in racial and ethnic disparities in length of stay and pain scores in pediatric patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion.
CdWRKY2‐mediated sucrose biosynthesis and CBF‐signalling pathways coordinately contribute to cold tolerance in bermudagrass
Authors: Huang Xuebing , Cao Liwen , Fan Jibiao , Ma Guangjing , Chen Liang 
Published: November 2021

SummaryBermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) is one of the most widely cultivated warm‐season turfgrass species around the world. Cold stress has been a key environmental factor that adversely affects the growth, development, and geographical distribution of bermudagrass; however, the underlying mechanism of bermudagrass responsive to cold stress remains largely unexplored. Here, we identified a cold‐induced WRKY transcription factor CdWRKY2 from bermudagrass and demonstrated its function in cold stress response. Overexpression of CdWRKY2 enhanced cold tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis and bermudagrass hairy roots, while knocking down CdWRKY2 expression via virus‐induced gene silencing increased cold susceptibility. RNA sequencing showed that overexpression of CdWRKY2 in Arabidopsis activated the expression of genes involved in sucrose synthesis and metabolism, including sucrose synthase 1 (AtSUS1) and sucrose phosphate synthase 2F (AtSPS2F). CdSPS1, the homology gene of AtSPS2F in bermudagrass, was subsequently proven to be the direct target of CdWRKY2 by yeast one‐hybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and transient expression analysis. As expected, overexpression of CdSPS1 conferred cold tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis plants, whereas silencing CdSPS1 expression enhanced cold sensitivity in bermudagrass. Besides, CdCBF1 whose expression was dramatically up‐regulated in CdWRKY2‐overexpressing bermudagrass hairy roots but down‐regulated in CdWRKY2‐silencing bermudagrass both under normal and cold stress conditions was confirmed as another target of CdWRKY2. Collectively, this study reveals that CdWRKY2 is a positive regulator in cold stress by targeting CdSPS1 and CdCBF1 promoters and activating their expression to coordinately mediate sucrose biosynthesis and CBF‐signalling pathway, which provides valuable information for breeding cold‐resistant bermudagrass through gene manipulation.
Loss aversion, labor supply, and income taxation*
Authors: Zubrickas Robertas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe assume that taxpayers are loss averse in reference to other taxpayers’ consumption. Loss aversion implies that labor supply responses to taxation depend on the taxpayer's position in the income distribution. Consistent with empirical evidence, we find the steeper the ascent on the curve of income distribution, the smaller the labor supply elasticity. In the standard problem of optimal income taxation, the role of income distribution is to aggregate the labor supply effects of taxation. We show that loss aversion can offset the aggregation role of income distribution resulting in a greater role for social concerns.
Multi‐camera video synopsis of a geographic scene based on optimal virtual viewpoint
Authors: Xie Yujia , Wang Meizhen , Liu Xuejun , Wang Xing , Wu Yiguang , Wang Feiyue , Wang Xiaozhi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractVideo synopsis offers the possibility to compress long‐term video objects into a short‐term playback. This is beneficial for the quick retrieval and expression of numerous video objects in a virtual geographic environment. However, existing methods do not consider the spatiotemporal relationships among video objects in different cameras. To overcome this problem, we propose optimal virtual viewpoint‐based multi‐camera video synopsis, which involves: locating the camera position and the field of view; constructing a video image observability model to enumerate the observable camera combinations; constructing an evaluation model to optimally select the observable combinations and obtain the virtual viewpoint group; and setting the parameters of the video object display to obtain a multi‐camera video synopsis of a geographic scene. Experimental results showed that our method achieved the rapid display of global motion across cameras with numerous video objects, and always outperformed separate camera‐based video synopsis expression.
Outbreak of seafood‐related food poisoning from undetectable Vibrio parahaemolyticus‐like pathogen, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, December 2020
Authors: Janekrongtham Chawisar , Dejburum Patcharaporn , Sujinpram Saran , Rattanathumsakul Thanit , Swaddiwudhipong Witaya 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveOn 1 December 2020, the Department of Disease Control of Thailand was notified of a cluster of food poisoning cases among participants at a church festival in Mae Ai district, Chiang Mai province. We conducted an outbreak investigation to confirm diagnosis, describe the epidemiological characteristics of the outbreak, identify possible sources of the outbreak and provide appropriate control measures.MethodsWe reviewed medical records of the food poisoning cases from the health care centres. Active case finding was conducted among participants who had consumed food and water at the festival. An environmental survey was done in the village where the festival was held. A case‐control study was conducted to identify the source of the outbreak. Samples for laboratory analysis included rectal swabs and fresh stool specimens from the cases and food handlers, surface swabs of cooking equipment, food, water and ice samples.ResultsAmong 436 participants surveyed, 368 (84.4%) cases of food poisoning were identified. The most common clinical manifestation was abdominal pain (89.7%), followed by watery diarrhoea (45.7%), nausea (43.5%), vomiting (38.9%), fever (18.5%) and bloody diarrhoea (4.6%). None died in this outbreak. The case‐control study showed that mixed spicy seafood salad served in the festival was significantly associated with the disease by both univariable and multivariable analyses. However, the causative agent could not be identified. The environmental investigation suggested this seafood might have been undercooked.ConclusionClinical manifestations of the cases, incubation period and the suspected seafood salad suggested seafood‐related food poisoning. Grimontia hollisae, the organism causing illness similar to Vibrio parahaemolyticus and commonly undetectable in the laboratory with routine testing, might be the pathogen that caused this outbreak. G. hollisae should be in differential diagnosis and identified in seafood‐associated outbreaks.
Sculpting the soil microbiota
Authors: Custódio Valéria , Gonin Mathieu , Stabl Georg , Bakhoum Niokhor , Oliveira Maria Margarida , Gutjahr Caroline , Castrillo Gabriel 
Published: November 2021

SUMMARYSoil is a living ecosystem, the health of which depends on fine interactions among its abiotic and biotic components. These form a delicate equilibrium maintained through a multilayer network that absorbs certain perturbations and guarantees soil functioning. Deciphering the principles governing the interactions within soils is of critical importance for their management and conservation. Here, we focus on soil microbiota and discuss the complexity of interactions that impact the composition and function of soil microbiota and their interaction with plants. We discuss how physical aspects of soils influence microbiota composition and how microbiota–plant interactions support plant growth and responses to nutrient deficiencies. We predict that understanding the principles determining the configuration and functioning of soil microbiota will contribute to the design of microbiota‐based strategies to preserve natural resources and develop more environmentally friendly agricultural practices.
The RanBP2 zinc finger domains of chloroplast RNA editing factor OZ1 are required for protein–protein interactions and conversion of C to U
Authors: Gipson Andrew B. , Hanson Maureen R. , Bentolila Stéphane 
Published: November 2021

SUMMARYIn the chloroplast, organelle zinc finger 1 (OZ1) is a RanBP2‐type zinc finger (Znf) protein required for many RNA editing events, a process by which specific cytosines are enzymatically converted to uracils as a correction mechanism for missense mutations in the organelle genomes. RNA editing is carried out by a large multi‐protein complex called the ‘editosome’ that contains members of the pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein family, the RNA editing factor interacting protein (also known as MORF) family and the organelle RNA‐recognition motif (ORRM) family, in addition to OZ1. OZ1 is an 82‐kDa protein with distinct domains, including a pair of Znf domains and a unique C‐terminal region. To elucidate the functions of these domains, we have generated truncations of OZ1 for use in protein–protein interaction assays that identified the C‐terminal region of OZ1, as well as the Znf domains as the primary interactors with PPR proteins, which are factors required for site‐specificity and enzymatic editing. Expression of these OZ1 truncations in vivo showed that the Znf domains were required to restore chloroplast RNA editing in oz1 knockout plants. Mutation of key structural residues in the Znf domains showed that they are necessary for editing and required for interaction with ORRM1, a general editing factor with an RNA‐binding domain. These functional characterizations of the Znfs and novel C‐terminal domain contribute to our understanding of the model for the chloroplast plant editosome.
Economic performance in Africa: The role of fragile financial system
Authors: Inekwe John Nkwoma 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe relate risk in the African financial system to its long‐run economic performance under structural changes and cross‐sectional dependence. To achieve this objective, we generate risk indexes from several measures of financial soundness. We find a long‐run relationship between financial risk factors and economic performance indicators. Financial risk factors induce about 3% fall in RGDPP in the long‐run. This impact is huge in Kenya, Nigeria, Madagascar, Mauritius and Rwanda, whereas a reduction in employment is more prominent in Kenya, Madagascar and South Africa in this order. The capital risk index is more relevant in explaining economic performance in Africa.
Productivity and wage effects of firm‐level upstreamness: Evidence from Belgian linked panel data
Authors: Mahy Benoît , Rycx François , Vermeylen Guillaume , Volral Mélanie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper is the first to estimate the impact of a direct measurement of firm‐level upstreamness (i.e. the steps—weighted distance—before the production of a firm meets either domestic or foreign final demand) on productivity and wage costs. To this end, we merged detailed Belgian linked panel data, covering all years from 2002 to 2010, with a unique dataset containing accurate information on the yearly position of each firm in the value chain. We rely on the methodological framework pioneered by Hellerstein et al. (Journal of Labor Economics, 1999, 17, 409) to estimate panel data models at the firm level. Controlling for key worker and firm characteristics, our GMM‐SYS and FE‐IV estimates show that firms positioned more upstream (i.e. further away from the final consumer) create more value. Our results also indicate that the impact of firm‐level upstreamness is stronger on productivity than on wage costs, which implies that profitability is fostered. More precisely, in line with Belgium's strong labour market institutions, our estimates suggest that the productivity gains associated with upstreamness are shared almost equally between wages and profits.
CDC6: A novel canine tumour biomarker detected in circulating extracellular vesicles
Authors: Andriessen Anneloes , Bongiovanni Laura , Driedonks Tom A. P. , van Liere Elsbeth , Seijger Anne , Hegeman Charlotte V. , van Nimwegen Sebastiaan A. , Galac Sara , Westendorp Bart , Nolte‐'t Hoen Esther N. M. , de Bruin Alain 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCirculating nucleic acids and extracellular vesicles (EV) represent novel biomarkers to diagnose cancer. The non‐invasive nature of these so‐called liquid biopsies provides an attractive alternative to tissue biopsy‐based cancer diagnostics. This study aimed to investigate if circulating cell cycle‐related E2F target transcripts can be used to diagnose tumours in canine tumour patients with different types of tumours. Furthermore, we assessed if these mRNAs are localised within circulating EV. We isolated total RNA from the plasma of 20 canine tumour patients and 20 healthy controls. Four E2F target genes (CDC6, DHFR, H2AFZ and ATAD2) were selected based on the analysis of published data of tumour samples available in public databases. We performed reverse transcription and quantitative real‐time PCR to analyse the plasma levels of selected E2F target transcripts. All four E2F target transcripts were detectable in the plasma of canine tumour patients. CDC6 mRNA levels were significantly higher in the plasma of canine tumour patients compared to healthy controls. A subset of canine tumour patient and healthy control plasma samples (n = 7) were subjected to size exclusion chromatography in order to validate association of the E2F target transcripts to circulating EV. For CDC6, EV analysis enhanced their detectability compared to total plasma analysis. In conclusion, our study reveals circulating CDC6 as a promising non‐invasive biomarker to diagnose canine tumours.
Perinatal risk factors associated with severity of haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn due to Rhc maternal‐foetal incompatibility: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Franchinard Loriane , Maisonneuve Emeline , Friszer Stéphanie , Toly Ndour Cécile , Huguet‐Jacquot Stéphanie , Maurice Paul , Mailloux Agnès , Cortey Anne , Jouannic Jean‐Marie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAnti‐c is the third red blood cell antibody responsible for haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn (HDFN) requiring intrauterine transfusion. We aimed to identify risk factors associated with HDFN and severe HDFN due to Rhc maternal‐foetal incompatibility.Materials and MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted in Paris and the surrounding area (France), between 2013 and 2015. We included mothers and their children managed by the National Reference Centre in Perinatal Hemobiology for alloimmunization and maternal‐foetal incompatibility for the Rhc antigen (N = 121). We conducted bivariate analyses to assess a relationship between perinatal factors (e.g., titre and concentration of anti‐c antibodies, direct antiglobulin test) and HDFN, its severity and duration.ResultsThe incidence of HDFN was 30% (n = 36), including 11% of severe HDFN (n = 13). Seven percent (n = 9) of neonates received at least one transfusion during the first week and 21% (n = 26) after this period until 3 weeks of life. During pregnancy, a concentration ≥7.5 IU/ml and a titre ≥4 and above were associated with HDFN and severe HDFN (p < 0.05). At birth, the high intensity of the quantitative direct antiglobulin test was associated with HDFN and severe HDFN (p < 0.05). A concentration ≥15 IU/ml is the best factor (area under curve [AUC] = 0.78) in predicting HDFN, followed by a titre ≥8 (AUC = 0.76).ConclusionAnti‐c alloimmunization causes neonatal anaemia, which is often belated. Paediatricians have to be aware of these risk factors and organize prolonged monitoring of neonates.