bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validitas dan Reliabilitas Ujian SOCA (Students Oral Case Analysis): Studi di Salah Satu Fakultas Kedokteran di Indonesia
Authors: Putranti Rizka Aries , Emilia Ova , Suryadi Efrayim 
Published: May 2021

Background: Medical faculty has to make sure that the students meet the minimal competence needed using apropriate exam. While the exam itself should facilitate students to learn. Oral examination has known for its ability to facilitate students learn but low in validity and reliability. Medical faculty of Lampung University (FK Unila) apply the student oral case analysis (SOCA) exam as one of block assessment component, as with MCQ, tutorial, and laboratory exam. This study aimed to evaluate validity and reliability of SOCA examination at FK UnilaMethod: Video of 65 students doing SOCA examination and 28 question rubrics had taken when odd semester exam year 2014-2015 has been carying out at FK Unila. Video and question rubrics were assessed by 5 panelis and analysed using Lawshe's content validity ratio (CVR) to determinate its content validity. Students performance on the video were re-assessed by another assessor to see inter-rater reliability, than analysed using kappa Cohen. Two expert in medical education assessed the cognitive comlpexity of the question rubrics. Data of SOCA's student's mark from year II, III, and IV were analysed for construct valdity and internal consistency.Results: 93,7% of the overall question in 65 video were valid (CVR>99%) and 71,8% question number in 28 question rubrics also valid according to 5 panelis. SOCA cognitive complexity were at level of analyse, know how and 4a. Inter-rater reliability analysis showed 0,549 (moderate agreement) kappa value. Mann Whitney analysis for construct validity showed no significant difference of all year. Cronbach alpha analysis showed internal consistency at the point 0,575.Conclusion: FK Unila's SOCA of odd semester examination year 2014-2015 has sufficient content validity, sufficient cognitive complexity and sufficent inter-rater reliability but lack in construct validity and internal consistency. Keywords: SOCA, validity, reliability
Peningkatan Kompetensi Tutor Blok Elektif dalam Pembuatan dan Penilaian Laporan Kasus
Authors: Djannatun Titiek , Wikaningrum Riyani , Rita Murnikusumawatie Rita , Susilawati R. W. 
Published: May 2021

Background: Elective block of the Faculty of Medicine YARSI University offers five topics. The evaluation results found a variation of tutor competence in writing and grading the case reports. The aims of this study is to improve the tutors’ competence in writing and grading Case Report.Method: Ten Case reports were selected and assessed by the study team. Thirty Tutor participated in the workshop. The tutor competence in the assessment case reports were analysed by pre test and post test compared with expert. Tutors’ performance was analyzed using the inter-rater reliability and students feedback using questioner.Results: This study found that 13 tutors gave lower absolute number of grade after the workshop, range from 1 to 14 points, and 3 tutors gave higher grade range from 3 to 6 points, and 5 tutors gave the same grade. The differences between the tutors’ and standard widened in 9 (42.9%) shortened in 9 (42.9%), and the same in 3 (14.3%). The workshops have a positive impact on achieving similar perception case report writing and grading. Conclusion: The case report grading must be done by tutors who have the same competence and perception of each grading item. The workshop gave the positive impact to the tutor as a rater. Case report grading with rubric to get a fair and valid must be assessed by more tutors.
The Role of Indonesian Medical Council in Assuring The Quality of Medical Education
Authors: Prihatiningsih Titi Savitri 
Published: May 2021

Background: Indonesian Medical Council (IMC) was established in October 2005 as mandated by the Medical Practice Law No.29/2004. The main function of IMC is to safeguard the medical practices through several mechanism, one of which is through ensuring the quality of medical education by approving the standards of competences and standards of medical education as well as by monitoring the implementation of those standards. A new Medical Education Law No.20/2013 is enacted. In this Law, the role of IMC in assuring the quality of medical education disappeared.Method: This is an exploratory qualitative study. Documents are analysed using a content analysis. Typology for medical regulatory framework is applied.Results: Five categories are identified, namely (1) educationally-oriented regulators, (ii) mix regulatory regimes, (iii) collaborative governance, (iv) professional regulation and (v) mix-credentialing regimesConclusion: For governance of medical education, educationally-oriented regulators predominates. In quality assurance for medical education, mix-regulatory, collaborative governance and professional regulation are applied; however there is a contradictory of role between IMC and the Ministry. In funding, mix-regulatory regime and collaborative regime are applied. In education trajectory, educationally-oriented regulator is used and in exam and qualification mix-credentialing regime is applied. Only in quality assurance in medical education, there is a serious contradiction of IMC role.
Hubungan Antara Preferensi Belajar Terhadap Gangguan Depresi dan Gangguan Cemas Pada Mahasiswa Preklinik Suatu Fakultas Kedokteran
Authors: Faustina Carissa , Agus Dharmady 
Published: May 2021

Background: Students have different learning preferences in terms of assimilation and processing information. VARK learning preferences, which were introduced by Fleming, can identify learning preferences based on sensory modality. The model categorizes students into four different learning preferences, namely visual, aural, read/write, and kinesthetic. In his book, Westwood stated that the wrong application of learning preferences may lead to depressive disorder and anxiety disorder. Method: This study is a cross sectional study. The study was conducted by interviewing respondents to determine whether they have depressive disorder and anxiety disorder. Respondents will fill up a VARK questionnaire to determine their learning preferences. Samples will be collected from as many as 260 pre-clinical student of faculty of medicine of Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia. Data will be collected and analyzed by using Chi Square test. Results: The result showed that there is no significant relationship between learning preferences and depressive disorder (p = 1,000), as well as anxiety disorder (p=0,477). Conclusion: There is no relationship between learning preferences and depressive disorder, as well as anxiety disorder.
Periodontal and chronic kidney diseases: A modifiable association
Authors: Jabbarzadehkhoei Foujan , Bakhshandeh Soheila , Namdari Mahshid , Pakkhesal Mina , Khoshnevisan Mohammad Hossein 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between periodontal diseases and CKD duration.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on referral CKD patients to a teaching hospital in 2017. Two instruments were used for data collection. The first one was a self-reported questionnaire regarding oral health status and patientsâ€™ behaviors. The second questionnaire was used for the clinical assessment of oral health status.
Results: Out of 192 patients, 46.9% were male and 53.1% female with a mean (SD) age of 51.9 (Â±15.1) years. The mean duration of CKD was 7.70 (Â±7.34) years. About 67.7% of patients experienced toothache in the past year. Also, 67.7% had gingival bleeding (BOP), 34.4% had Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL) > 4 mm, and over 50% of patients had a pocket depth (PD) > 4 mm. By controlling the patientâ€™s age, a direct correlation was detected between the duration of CKD and DMFT index (r=0.64, P<0.001). Moreover, the prolongation of the disease period was detected in patients with CAL>4 mm (P=0.02). Likewise, a direct correlation was detected between the duration of CKD and the periodontal index (r=0.48, P<0.001).
Conclusion: Given the direct correlation between the periodontal conditions and duration of CKD, regular biannual dental visits are essential for CKD patients. All physicians are encouraged to include regular oral health checkups in the treatment protocol for CKD patients.
Extended-spectrum Î²-lactamase Enterobacteriaceae from patients in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: Antibiotic susceptibility and molecular approaches
Authors: Alshehri Wafa A. , Moussa Tarek A. A. 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the Enterobacteriaceae strains among patients who suffering diarrhea, phenotypic and genotypic characterization of ESBL-producing isolates in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Methods: Stool samples were collected and cultured to determine the different Enterobacteriaceae strains, PCR was done for the isolates to detect the different ESBLs genes and antibiotic susceptibility against different antibiotics was done.
Results: The total number of patients in this study was 200 (114 males [57%] and 86 females [43%]). The patients were categorized to teenagers (21, 10.5%), adults (92, 46%), middle age (25, 12.5%) and elderlies (25, 12.5%) according to age. Five Enterobacteriaceae strains was found: Enterobacter cloaca (7, 3.5%), Escherichia coli (111, 55.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (75, 37.5%), Proteus mirabilis (6, 3.0%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1.0, 0.5%). P. aeruginosa was absent in all female patients under investigation. The response of the isolated (E. coli, K. pneumoniae and E. cloaca) strains to ampicillin, cefotaxime, cefotaxime-clavulanate, ceftriaxone, cephalothin and chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole was highly resistant, while the response was highly susceptible to ampicillin sulbactam, ceftazidime, ceftazidime-clavulanate, and imipenem. The most frequent gene was blaCTX-M (195) followed by blaTEM (149), blaSHV (73) and blaOXA (3), while the highest pair of genes in the same organism was blaTEM+blaCTX-M (134) followed by blaSHV+blaCTX-M (64), blaSHV+blaTEM (52) and the least pairs were blaTEM+blaOXA (3) and blaCTX-M+blaOXA (2). blaSHV+blaCTX-M+blaTEM was found in 44 organisms and blaCTX-M+blaTEM+blaOXA in two organisms only. The blaSHV+blaOXA, blaSHV+blaCTX-M+blaOXA, blaSHV+blaTEM+blaOXA and blaCTX-M+blaTEM+blaOXA+blaSHV were not present in any organism under investigation.
Conclusion: In teenager group, there were no organism contain blaOXA gene, while blaOXA present in E. cloaca and P. mirabilis only. blaSHV gene was absent in E. coli but present in E. cloaca and K. pneumoniae. The most susceptible group to infection with Enterobacteriaceae was adultsâ€™ group, while teenage was more resist to infection.
Projecting the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes–Related End-Stage Kidney Disease Until 2040: A Comparison Between the Effects of Diabetes Prevention and the Effects of Diabetes Treatment
Authors: Morton Jedidiah I. , McDonald Stephen P. , Salim Agus , Liew Danny , Shaw Jonathan E. , Magliano Dianna J. 
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVE
This study sought to examine the effects of two diabetes prevention approaches and of widespread use of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) among people with diabetes on the future incidence of diabetes-related end-stage kidney disease (ESKD-D).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We developed a life table model to project the incidence of ESKD-D for type 2 diabetes in Australia until 2040. We projected incident ESKD-D under three separate scenarios: a large-scale lifestyle modification program for diabetes prevention; a population-wide sugar-sweetened beverage tax for diabetes prevention; and widespread use of SGLT2is among people with diabetes.

RESULTS
Assuming current trends, we projected that the annual incidence of ESKD-D will increase from 3.7 per 100,000 of the general population in 2014 to 5.7 by 2040. Incorporating the diabetes prevention approaches, we projected that the annual incidence of ESKD-D will be between 5.2 and 5.5 per 100,000 by 2040. When we modeled scenarios in which 50% and 70% of eligible people with diabetes were prescribed an SGLT2i, the annual incidence of ESKD-D by 2040 was projected to be 4.7 and 4.3 per 100,000, respectively. SGLT2is were projected to reduce the total number of incident ESKD-D cases between 2020 and 2040 by 12–21% compared with current trends, whereas diabetes prevention reduced cases by 1–3%.

CONCLUSIONS
It is likely that the number of people developing ESKD-D will increase over the coming decades, although widespread SGLT2i use will be effective at limiting this increase. Diabetes prevention will be crucial to prevent an ever-increasing burden of diabetes complications.
Correlation of Chest CT and RT-PCR Testing for Coronavirus Disease 2020(COVID-19) in Palestine: A Report of 200 Cases
Authors: Hjouj Mohammed , Smerat Sami , Samra Murad Abu , Sada Maram Ghassan , Alarab Azzam , Al Hroush Issa Sameeh , Al-Makhamreh Moath , Najjar Osama 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: Prove that Computed Tomography (CT) is a more effective diagnostic tool for diagnosing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in comparison with Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) due to its higher sensitivity.
Methods and materials: A total of 200 cases that had records of chest CT scans and RT-PCR tests were collected from Palestinian governmental hospitals from September to November 2020.
Results: CT indicated COVID-19 in 62.5% of sample population (125 of 200) whereas RT-PCR indicated COVID-19 in 37.5% (75 of 200) cases. A P-value of 0.028 signifies the existence of a relationship between gender and CT sensitivity.
Conclusion: High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest is a more rapid, sensitive, and effective tool than the current gold standard (RT-PCR); therefore, should be considered a primary diagnostic method for COVID-19.
Impact of Divorce and Separation for the Women with Spinal Cord Injury in Community Reintegration
Authors: Taoheed Farjana , Haque Md. Obaidul , Nipa Shamima Islam , Husain Rakib , Hossain Muhammad Millat , Roy Apurbo , Ahmed Md. Shahoriar 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Marriage is a lawful agreement between a man and woman. They can share their rights and responsibilities under the provision of Law, whereas divorce or separation is dissolving these bonds between married couples. Among Spinal Cord Injury patients this divorce or separation rate is high in Bangladesh.
Objectives: The main aim of this study was to identify the impacts of divorce and separation for the women with spinal cord injury during community reintegration.
Methodology: This was a mixed-method-type of study where the participant’s demographics data were analyzed by quantitative analysis by using a standard developed questionnaire (CIQ-R) and semi-structured open ended questionnaire to explore the best possible feedback from the participants for maximum 25-minutes duration. The present study conducted with 39 women participants since July 2011 to June 2016 at the CRP. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 version.
Result: Total community integration score was 12.03 and SD was ± 3.87. This score was significantly lower to compare other study for person with SCI. The mean and SD of home integration (2.89, ±1.53), social integration (3.74, ±1.16), productivity (3.12, ±1.81) and electronic social networking (2.54, ±1.86) scores were also lower than the other study. Age, education, occupation, religion, living area, monthly income, marriage before or after injury, duration of marriage, number of children, duration of divorce or separation, ASIA, neurological level was found to be significant predictors of divorce or separation. Four major themes were found in this study (1) Causes of divorce and separation (2) Impact on relationship with family member (3) Impact on social participation (4) Impact on productive activities. Regardless of all participants reported loss of autonomy and functional ability, loss of sex life, loss of self-identity, loss of intimacy within laws, loss of autonomy were the main causes of divorce and separation.
Conclusion: Participants scored low in total community integration was lower than compare to other. Suggesting there is a great need to develop interventions by governmental and non-governmental organizations to better integrate individuals of women with divorce and separation with spinal cord injury in the community.
Conservative Management of Isolated Proximal Traumatic Pancreatic Injury: A Case Report
Authors: Alsaifi Masoud , Alaraimi Badriya , Alkindy Ahmed 
Published: May 2021

Background: Blunt traumatic pancreatic injuries are rare conditions in case of motor vehicle collision (MVC) and isolated injuries even rarer. Surgical approach is usually preferred in case of advanced pancreatic injuries. In this study we try to shed the light on the role of completely conservative approach in the management of a proximal pancreatic injury.
Case Summary: A 19-year-old male patient presented to the ER three days following MVC with upper abdominal pain. Abdominal US showed free intraperitoneal fluids and laboratory results showed elevated total leukocyte count, serum amylase and lipase. CT showed transection at pancreatic head which was grade 5 with free intrabdominal fluids; hence isolated pancreatic injury was diagnosed. At that point, the patient was hemodynamically stable and conservative management was implemented. He was admitted in the ICU for three days followed by 28 days in the ward where patient condition was closely monitored on daily bases. Serial interval imaging showed spontaneous resolution of the intraperitoneal collection together with improvement of the injury, respectively. After completing his course, the patient was discharged and monitored as an outpatient.
Conclusion: Conservative treatment can be adopted in patients with proximal pancreatic injuries with complete duct disruption in otherwise hemodynamically stable patients.
Frequency of Formication Symptoms in Injured Motorists and in Normal Controls
Authors: Cernovsky Zack Z. , Velamoor Varadaraj R. , Mann Stephan C. , Oyewumi L. Kola , Mendonça James D. , Litman Larry C. 
Published: May 2021

Background: Formication is the sensation or feeling as if insects were crawling on or under the skin. It is observed in a variety of clinical situations including drug intoxications, multiple sclerosis, and diabetic neuropathy, among many others. Furthermore, it can be associated with injuries incurred during motor vehicle accidents (MVAs). We examined the frequency of reports of formication in a normal control sample as well as in a sample of motorists who sustained concussive and whiplash injuries following high impact MVAs. We also evaluated the correlations of the formication to measures of pain, insomnia, and of various post-accident neuropsychological symptoms. Method: De-identified data on 23 injured motorists (mean age=38.0 years, SD=12.8) and on 20 normal controls (mean age 42.8 years, SD=19.9) were available. All motorists responded to the following True/False item: “I have pain in my body which seems to feel like bugs crawling under the surface of my skin.” Their data were also available on the Brief Pain Inventory, Post-MVA Neurological Symptoms (PMNS) scale, Insomnia Severity Index, and on the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire. The data of normal controls included responses to the following specific item of the formication questionnaire: “Do you sometimes have an annoying feeling in some of your limbs or in some other part of your body as if insects were crawling on or under your skin?” The participants were to circle one of the following responses: “never, very rarely, sometimes, often, or almost constantly.” Results and Discussion: Almost a third (30.4%) of the motorists who sustained whiplash trauma in their MVA reported the formication. In contrast, only one of the 20 normal controls (i.e., 5%) reported formication (this was an elderly man with MRI documented pathology in lumbosacral spine). Notably, formication correlated significantly with the ratings of “reduced feeling in the limbs” (r=.55, p=.010), but not with ratings of “tingling in the limbs” (r=.21, p>.05). Conclusion: The painful form of formication has been reported by almost a third of motorists who sustained whiplash injuries in their accident.
Effects of Baby Massage in Reducing Body Temperature after Combined Diptheri Pertussis Tetanus/Hepatitis B Immunization
Authors: Meliati Linda , Ekayani Ni Putu Karunia , Suwanti . 
Published: May 2021

Background: Side effects that may often occur after immunization include fever in infants after to combined Diptheri Pertusis Tetanus/Hepatitis B (DPT/HB) vaccine. Fever in infants or toddlers is a case that cannot be ignored because it can interfere with the comfort and development of infants and toddlers.
Objectives: This research aims to analyze the effects of baby massage in lowering body temperature among babies given combined DPT/HB immunization.
Material and Methods: It is a quasi-experiment using one intervention group. The population and sample are babies aged 2-5 months visiting the Work Area of Puskesmas Lombok Barat in Indonesia that meet inclusion criteria. Baby massage was administered in the morning and in the afternoon for 5 days, with the first 2 days prior to combined DPT/HB immunization 1, the second 1 day at the time of immunization, and the last 2 days after immunization. The same treatment was also carried out for combined DPT/HB immunization 2. Prior and after massage, baby temperatures were measured at the axila using a digital thermometer, with the results put in an observation sheet (graph). Body temperature measurement was observed for 2 months. Data gathered were then tested using non-parametric test (Wilcoxon).
Results: there is reduction in body temperature among babies given combined DPT/HB immunization 1 and combined DPT/HB immunization 2. Babies given combined DPT/HB immunization 1 had average body temperature of 0,2±0.18 °C in the morning and 0,21±0.25 °C in the afternoon. Meanwhile, babies given combined DPT/HB immunization 2 had average body temperature of 0,26±0.19 °C in the morning and 0,2±0.23 °C in the afternoon. Effect of massage in reducing body temperature among babies given combined DPT/HB immunization 1 is at (p<0.005) and at (p<0.005) for combined DPT/HB immunization 2.
Conclusion: massage can be performed before or after babies are immunized with combined DPT/HB to lower their body temperature.
Spontaneous Retropharyngeal Space Hematoma: How to Manage?
Authors: Lakhdar Y. , Elazizi D. Berrada , Elbouderkaoui M. , Rochdi Y. , Raji A. 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Spontaneous Retropharyngeal Hematoma (SRH) is a rare affection which occurs without traumatism.
Case report: A 68 years old woman brought to the emergency department with a cervico-thoracic swelling rapidly increasing in size without any previous traumatic history or anticoagulant medication. Complicated by dysphagia and dysphonia without signs of dyspnea. The clinical examination revealed a painful anterior cervico-thoracic swelling with an ecchymotic cupboard on it. Cervico-thoracic CT scan found a voluminous retro-pharyngeal collection, spontaneously hyperdense, extended to the oropharynx and antero-superior mediastinum without further lesions. Biological assessment was without abnormalities. The diagnosis of retropharyngeal hematoma was retained. The treatment was based on corticosteroids and antibiotics drugs with strict clinical and radiological monitoring. With conservative treatment, the evolution was favorable, marked by progressive regression of the hematoma until its disappearance and an absence of recurrence after a retreat of one year.
Conclusion: The clinical presentation of a retropharyngeal hematoma out of an evocative context is misleading and lead to radiological investigation without delaying the treatment which varies from supervision to surgery according to respiratory status and evolution under strict control.