bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Importing Divisionism Instead of Diversity
Authors: Šmok Martin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis personal account of a former Czechoslovak Jewish Youth leader offers insights into the process of searching for Jewish identity and its meaning in post-Communist Czechoslovakia. The author discusses the conceptual struggles faced by his generation, raised during the last two decades of the Communist regime, the impact of imported ideological infighting and factional splits on the makeup of an emerging community, the pop-appeal of Judaism to the Czech masses and the varied reactions of the highly assimilated Czech Jews to the eventual arrival of a dogmatic religious leadership.
Jews and Arabs
Authors: Blue Lionel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the recent past all Jewish life has been so overshadowed by the tragedy of the holocaust and the hope of Israel that we could only cry or act. Now a new time has come. Israel has solved every problem except the Arab problem and that is the only important problem now worth solving. A dialogue with the Islamic world is long overdue. We were hounded out of Europe, and we were one of the factors which pushed or helped to push another people out of Palestine. This was a sin – whether knowingly or unknowingly. Israel and Arabs are political entities. Behind them stand two other and greater beings – Judaism and Islam. It is possible that the goodness inherent in them can achieve what the politicians cannot. Unfortunately, neither is spiritually efficient, as all religion has been perverted in our society. The Israel problem poses the crucial test for Judaism itself. As for Islam, it is almost an unknown religion to most Jews. It has also encountered the full onslaught of the West in a short time, and like us, many of its adherents also failed to see the moral wood for the halachic and legalist trees. We can help each other, for we have much in common; and, God willing, we may yet find even more common ground.
Aemilia Bassano Lanier’s New Perspective on Women in the Poem Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum
Authors: Ekmekçioğlu Neslihan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aemilia Bassano Lanier was partially of Jewish origin and came from a Venetian family of court musicians. She was brought up in the court and was educated by Countess Susan Bertie and the Duchess of Suffolk. Her work entitled Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum is a long narrative poem articulating a woman-centred account of the Bible. As a woman of partial Jewish descent, Aemilia, who has ‘a voice of her own’, deals with the maltreatment of women and compares them to Christ in their silent suffering. At her time, women were often expected to be silent within society, creating an absence rooted in their lack of voice. Both Christ and women sacrifice themselves for the betterment of mankind. This article will deal with Aemilia Lanier’s new perspective upon biblical women and the Passion of Christ as reflected in Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum.
‘Which is the merchant here, and which the Jew?’
Authors: Forrester Anna Carleton 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article takes up one of the most perplexing and thoroughly examined questions posed by Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice–the origin and extent of Antonio’s melancholy. While many critical responses point to anxieties towards his ventures abroad, unrequited romantic love or general indecisiveness to explain the merchant’s sadness, this reading asserts that his atrabilious nature must stem from something more latent, comprehensive and socially binding. This article argues that it is Antonio’s unwanted, yet pre-existing and indisputable similitude with Shylock, the Jewish usurer, that incites an internal sadness; Antonio’s insistence upon his absolute difference to Shylock’s profession, religion and humanity ignites and prolongs melancholy, since those are, ironically, the very things that make them so similar and renders his opposition unsuccessful.
The Use of Biblicizing Techniques in Isaac Salkinson’s Hebrew Translations
Authors: Shuali Eran 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this article, I examine the character and reception of the Hebrew translations of St. Paul’s Epistle to the Romans, Milton’s Paradise Lost, Shakespeare’s Othello and Romeo and Juliet, Tiedge’s Urania, and the New Testament produced in the second half of the nineteenth century by Isaac Salkinson, a Jew converted to Christianity and employed as a missionary by the British Society for the Propagation of the Gospel among the Jews. I focus on a salient feature of these translations, that is the use of biblicizing techniques. In contrast to previous studies, I tie the production of all of Salkinson’s translations to his activity as a missionary.
?הַאִם אַתָּה דּוֹמֶה לְיוֹם אָבִיב
Authors: Jacobs Adriana X. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this article, I address contemporary Hebrew translations of Shakespeare’s Sonnets, specifically those by the Israeli poet Anna Herman. My reading of Herman’s translation of Sonnet 18 contextualizes this translation in the Hebrew translation history of the Sonnets. I discuss how Hebrew retranslations of the Sonnets illuminate and complicate our understanding of shifts in the development of modern Hebrew writing and translation from the nineteenth to twenty-first centuries. How do Herman’s translations ‘compare’, as it were, with the translations that have come before, particularly those by male translators? As part of a neoformalist turn in contemporary Hebrew poetry, I call attention to the ways in which Herman’s translations, which were published in 2006, revitalize our reading of the original Shakespearean English and the Hebrew translations that followed, thereby constituting an altogether contemporary text.
‘Go out and learn’
Authors: Reicher Rosa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article deals with Shakespeare’s reception among German Jewish youth in the early twentieth century. The Jewish youth movements played an appreciable role in Jewish education and culture. The various Jewish youth movements reflected the German Jewish society of the time. Despite the influence of the German youth movement, the young people developed their own German Jewish Bildung canon. Many young Jews in Germany perceived Bildung as an ideal tool for full assimilation. Bildung placed an emphasis on the Jewish youth as an individual, and so served as an ideal tool for full assimilation. My thesis is that by means of the youth movement, German Jewish youth could develop new interpretations of identity, through the creation of a European Bildung ideal, which includes an awareness of the significance of Shakespeare.
Redefining Censorship
Authors: Schupak Esther B. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Because of its potential for fostering antisemitic stereotypes, in the twentieth century The Merchant of Venice has a history of being subject to censorship in secondary schools in the United States. While in the past it has often been argued that the play can be used to teach tolerance and to fight societal evils such as xenophobia, racism and antisemitism, I argue that this is no longer the case due to the proliferation of performance methods in the classroom, and the resultant emphasis on watching film and stage productions. Because images – particularly film images – carry such strong emotional valence, they have the capacity to subsume other pedagogical aspects of this drama in their emotional power and memorability. I therefore question whether the debate over teaching this play is truly a question of ‘censorship’, or simply educational choice.
Shylock in Buchenwald
Authors: Kaynar-Kissinger Gad 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Can The Merchant of Venice be performed in Germany after the Holocaust, and if so, how? Is the claim that the play is a touchstone for German-Jewish relations, with a philosemitic tradition – and therefore eligible to be performed today – verifiable? The article begins by briefly surveying this tradition from the Jewish emancipation in the mideighteenth century, which, with a few relapses, continued – especially in productions directed by Jews and/or with Jewish actors in the role of Shylock – until the rise of the Nazi regime, to be resumed after the Second World War. The main part analyses a test case, staged by the Israeli director Hanan Snir at the Weimar National Theatre (1995), and intended rhetorically to avenge the Holocaust on the German audience: Merchant as a viciously antisemitic play with in a play, directed by SS personnel in the nearby Buchenwald concentration camp with eventually murdered Jewish inmates compelled to play the Jewish parts.
Identity and Gender Politics in Contemporary Shakespearean Rewriting
Authors: Özmen Özlem 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Julia Pascal’s The Yiddish Queen Lear, a dramatic adaptation of Shakespeare’s King Lear, merges racial identity politics with gender politics as the play both traces the history of the Yiddish theatre and offers a feminist criticism of Shakespeare’s text. The use of Lear as a source text for a play about Jews illustrates that contemporary Jewish engagements with Shakespeare are more varied than reinterpretations of The Merchant of Venice. Identity politics are employed in Pascal’s manifestation of the problematic relationship between Lear and his daughters in the form of a conflict between the play’s protagonist Esther, who struggles to preserve the tradition of the Yiddish theatre, and her daughters who prefer the American cabaret. Gender politics are also portrayed with Pascal’s use of a strong woman protagonist, which contributes to the feminist criticism of Lear as well as subverting the stereotypical representation of the domestic Jewish female figure in other dramatic texts.
Teaching globalisation in the social sciences
Authors: George Stacy Keogh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article describes the incorporation of a refugee simulation into an upper-division sociology course on globalisation at a liberal arts institution in the United States. The simulation is designed to inform students of the refugee process in the United States by inviting participants to immerse themselves in refugee experiences by adopting identities of actual refugee families as they complete four stages of the refugee application process. Student reactions to the refugee simulation suggest that it is an effective tool for demonstrating the complexities of the refugee experience in the United States and for evoking social empathy.
Introduction
Authors: Engert Kornelia , Schürkmann Christiane 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The contributions in this special issue focus on different phenomena and conceptual approaches dealing with “the Posthuman” as a discourse of renegotiating nature-culture-relationships that has emerged over the past decades. The selected articles from fields of sociology, political science, and social anthropology demonstrate how to work with and discuss posthumanistic and post-anthropocentric perspectives, but also how to irritate and criticize universal assumptions of particular posthuman approaches empirically and theoretically. The introduction aims to position the particular contributions in a field of tension between de- and re-centering human beings and human agency.
Facing a Toxic Object
Authors: Schürkmann Christiane 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOver the past decades, industrial societies have produced a range of substances whose effects humans increasingly identify as toxic—a prominent example is radioactive waste and the question of its disposal. This fabricated “object of modernity” not only calls for the knowledge of the natural sciences, it also affects society at large in its immense challenge of figuring out how to dispose of this material and altogether “detoxify” society from its hazardous activity. The contribution develops a heuristic perspective on toxic objects, exemplified by analyzing documents with a focus on how different societal actors in Germany problematize high-level radioactive waste (HLW) in the context of finding a repository site. The perspective on toxic objects aims to strengthen a more nuanced view of “modern” relationships between human action and material activity with regard to hazardous socio-chemical fabrications as a consequence of an objectified nature.
Posthuman Prehistory
Authors: Ingold Tim 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article asks what part prehistory could play in establishing a posthumanist settlement, alternative to the humanism of the Enlightenment. We begin by showing how Enlightenment thinking split the concept of the human in two, into species and condition, establishing a point of origin where the history of civilization rises from its baseline in evolution. Drawing on the thinking of the thirteenth-century mystic, Ramon Llull, we present an alternative vision of human becoming according to which life carries on through a process of continuous birth, wherein even death and burial hold the promise of renewal. In prehistory, this vision is exemplified in the work of André Leroi-Gourhan, in his exploration of the relation between voice and hand, and of graphism as a precursor to writing. We conclude that the idea of graphism holds the key to a prehistory that not so much precedes as subtends the historic.
Afterword
Authors: Meyer Birgit 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHighlighting common threads in the pieces by Beekers, Kasmani and Mattes, and Dilger, this concluding essay reflects on the potential of comparison as conceptual innovation in the anthropological study of religious plurality. Asking how to develop innovative practices of comparison for the sake of grasping the dynamics of plural societies in the light of the articles in this collection, I argue that it is necessary to transcend the bifurcation of the study of religions, which was accentuated with the rise of the anthropologies of Islam and Christianity, in favor of a focus on the secular configuration as a whole, paying attention to power dynamics that assign different spaces for action to different religions (notwithstanding their equality in legal terms). The point of comparison, understood as a critical project geared toward conceptual innovation, is not only to discern so far overlooked, unexpected differences and similarities, but also to understand how these differences and similarities, as well as the possibility to compare as such, are outcomes of long-standing entanglements.
Claims of Need in Property Law and Politics
Authors: Cockburn Patrick 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Both courts of law and political theorists have grappled with the problem of giving the concept of ‘need’ a place in our reasoning about the rights and wrongs of property regimes. But in the U.K., legal changes in the last fifteen years have eroded the legal possibilities for striking some compromise between the claims of the needy and the rights of property owners. Against this backdrop this article compares three theoretical accounts of how the fact of human need should impact upon our thinking about property rights: the rights-based arguments of Jeremy Waldron, the radical democratic theory of Lawrence Hamilton and the anarchist commentary of Colin Ward. While ‘theories’ of need have paid much attention to the nature of need ‘itself’, the article argues that this comparison reveals another issue that is just as important: where and how should claims of need be registered in legal and political processes?
Conséquences de l’inaction à l’exemple des forêts valaisannes
Authors: Alfter Pierre , Giesch Christina 
Published: May 2021

Conséquences de l’inaction à l’exemple des forêts valaisannes
Inspiriert von den Kosten des Nichtstuns im Zusammenhang mit dem Klimawandel wurde im Rahmen einer qualitativen Studie untersucht, welche Folgen die komplette Einstellung der Waldbewirtschaftung im Kanton Wallis hätte. Um die negativen und positiven Konsequenzen zu erfassen, wurden im Kanton leitfadengestützte Interviews mit 15 Experten aus dem Waldbereich und verwandten Sektoren durchgeführt. Von den Befragten wurden die Konsequenzen als weitreichend, komplex sowie ausser im Bereich Biodiversität als weitgehend negativ beurteilt. Am gravierendsten wurden die Folgen in den Bereichen Schutz vor Naturgefahren und Holzproduktion eingestuft: in ersterem Bereich, weil teure technische Verbauungen notwendig würden, in letzterem, weil das holzverarbeitende Gewerbe nicht mehr mit dem lokalen Rohstoff versorgt werden könnte. Negative Folgen wurden aber auch für die Bereiche Tourismus/Naherholung und Weide- bzw. Alpwirtschaft erkannt, unter anderem deswegen, weil im gewählten Szenario die durch den Wald verlaufenden Güterstrassen und Wege nicht geräumt werden dürfen. Mit der Studie wird die Basis gelegt, um die Kosten des Nichtstuns zu quantifizieren.
Can functional foods reduce the risk of disease? Advancement of functional food definition and steps to create functional food products
Authors: Martirosyan Danik , Kanya Hunter , Nadalet Camila 
Published: May 2021

The definition of functional foods (FFs) has been in development for many years by the Functional Food Scientists of the Functional Food Institute/Functional Food Center (FFC). The status of the FFC’s definition is currently unrecognized by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA),but recognition is important for the safe, uniform development and disbursement of functional food products (FFPs) that could improve the health of Americans and people around the world struggling with chronic and viral diseases. If functional foods were to be properly termed using the FFC’s current definition, they would be classified as a drug according to the FDA. Thus, the FFC is in communication with governmental representatives to determine the next steps for functional foods to be properly acknowledged. To that end, the FFC is revising its current definition of functional foods to fit a more accurate and encompassing idea of the nature of what functional foods do. This includes a shift to stressing how functional foods promote optimal health, reduce the risk of chronic/viral disease, and manage their symptoms.Additionally, the process of developing a functional food product must be standardized to ensure the safety of administering bioactive compounds as a health optimization tool. This process follows the methodology of functional food science, which is a potential new form of life science proposed by the Functional Food Center. Over time, the FFC has been developing the appropriate steps to create a functional food product, however, in this article, new steps are emphasized, such as epidemiological studies and after-market research—vital steps to ensuring the safest and most efficacious product is released to the public. Functional foods are not meant to take the place of conventional medicine. They can, however, be used in conjunction with Western medicine and serve as an aid to health optimization for people with chronic/viral diseases and prioritize the management of symptoms associated with those diseases.Keywords: functional foods, bioactive compounds, biomarkers, functional food science, functional food products, epidemiological studies
The efficiency of short sintering time on thermoelectric properties of delafossite CuCr0:85Mg0:15O2 ceramics
Authors: Hoang Dung Van , Nguyen Truong Huu , Pham Anh Tuan Thanh , Le Thu Bao Nguyen , Tran Vinh Cao , Phan Thang Bach 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Harvesting the waste heat emitted from the activities of humanity based on thermoelectric devices is an appropriate way to reduce the overconsumption of fossil fuel nowadays.
Methods: In this work, CuCr0:85Mg0:15O2 compounds prepared by conventional solid-state reaction method were investigated to find out that the short sintering time is enough for thermoelectric applications, directly low the cost of the devices.
Results and Conclusion: We find out that there is a significant change in the crystal structure, the chemical state, and thermoelectric properties along with the increase of the sintering time, but eventually, the dimensionless figure of merit ZT is almost constant regardless of the long or short sintering time which means that the increase of electrical conductivity will compromise the increase of thermal conductivity. The highest ZT value is 0.03 measured at 500 oC for both samples prepared at the sintering time of 3 and 12 hours.
Preparation and Characterization of SnO2 / AC as a Novel High Surface Area Nanocatalyst
Authors: Wahoud Abdul Rahman Y. , Bamsaoud Salim F. , Al-Haiqi Mohammed A. 
Published: May 2021

A new solid nanoparticle sorbent (SnO2 / AC) could serve as high surface area and inexpensive nanocatalyst was prepared. Many properties were characterized by SEM and UV spectroscopy. High surface area, large micro pore volume and total pore volume were found to be 571 m2 g−1, 0.4785 cm3 g−1 and 0.7267 cm3 g−1 respectively even with very high loaded ratio (60 %) of tin dioxide to Activated Carbon (SnO2 / AC). Taguchi factorial design method was used to get the maximum MB dye adsorption on the surface of SnO2 / AC nanoparticle sorbent. Contact time (60 min), initial dye concentration (5 mM) and solution temperature (293 K) were found to be the best conditions for the more effective absorption process.
Hukuk Mesleklerinde Kadınlar
Authors: Balcı Emine 
Published: May 2021

Kitap, Hacettepe Üniversitesi’nde Siyaset Bilimi bilim dalında bir doktora tezi olarak hazırlanmış ve 2018 yılında Yetkin Yayınları tarafından basılmıştır. Toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliğinin bir yansıması olarak profesyonel mesleklerde kadın temsilindeki eşitsizliğin hukuk mesleklerinde de görüldüğü, hukuk uygulayıcılarının cinsiyeti bakımından temsilde adaletsizliğin olduğu ve bu adaletsiz durumun cinsiyetçi önyargılar temeline dayandığı argümanıyla bu eserde Türkiye’deki hukukçu kadınların hukuk mesleklerindeki temsili analiz edilmiştir.
Highly Efficient Semi-Continuous Extraction and In-Line Purification of High β-O-4 Butanosolv Lignin
Authors: Zijlstra Douwe Sjirk , de Korte Joren , de Vries Ernst P. C. , Hameleers Lisanne , Wilbers Erwin , Jurak Edita , Deuss Peter Joseph 
Published: May 2021

Innovative biomass fractionation is of major importance for economically competitive biorefineries. Lignin is currently severely underutilized due to the use of high severity fractionation methodologies that yield complex condensed lignin that limits high-value applicability. Mild lignin fractionation conditions can lead to lignin with a more regular C-O bonded structure that has increased potential for higher value applications. Nevertheless, such extraction methodologies typically suffer from inadequate lignin extraction efficiencies and yield. (Semi)-continuous flow extractions are a promising method to achieve improved extraction efficiency of such C-O linked lignin. Here we show that optimized organosolv extraction in a flow-through setup resulted in 93–96% delignification of 40 g walnut shells (40 wt% lignin content) by applying mild organosolv extraction conditions with a 2 g/min flowrate of a 9:1 n-butanol/water mixture with 0.18 M H2SO4 at 120°C in 2.5 h. 85 wt% of the lignin (corrected for alcohol incorporation, moisture content and carbohydrate impurities) was isolated as a powder with a high retention of the β-aryl ether (β-O-4) content of 63 linking motifs per 100 C9 units. Close examination of the isolated lignin showed that the main carbohydrate contamination in the recovered lignin was butyl-xyloside and other butoxylate carbohydrates. The work-up and purification procedure were investigated and improved by the implementation of a caustic soda treatment step and phase separation with a continuous integrated mixer/separator (CINC). This led to a combined 75 wt% yield of the lignin in 3 separate fractions with 3% carbohydrate impurities and a very high β-O-4 content of 67 linking motifs per 100 C9 units. Analysis of all the mass flows showed that 98% of the carbohydrate content was removed with the inline purification step, which is a significant improvement to the 88% carbohydrate removal for the traditional lignin precipitation work-up procedure. Overall we show a convenient method for inline extraction and purification to obtain high β-O-4 butanosolv lignin in excellent yields.