bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer Targets Involving the Ubiquitin Proteasome System
Authors: Araujo Erika 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The ability to control the intracellular concentrations of proteins with small molecules has obvious implications for the treatment of cancer whose growth and spread is typically due to the dysregulation of just a small number of proteins. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is the tightly regulated machinery used by the cell to dispose of undesired proteins. We review herein how various components of the UPS can be targeted by small‐molecule intervention to realize global or even specific control of protein levels. Building on the success that inhibitors of the proteasome have had in the clinic over the past decade, a growing number of clinical candidates directed at the UPS are currently being evaluated as cancer therapies.
Double‐Side Crystallization Tuning to Achieve over 1 µm Thick and Well‐Aligned Block‐Like Narrow‐Bandgap Perovskites for High‐Efficiency Near‐Infrared Photodetectors
Authors: Liu Hui , Zhu Hugh Lu , Wang Zishuai , Wu Xiao , Huang Zhanfeng , Huqe Md Rashedul , Zapien Juan Antonio , Lu Xinhui , Choy Wallace C. H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSolution‐processed narrow‐bandgap Sn–Pb perovskites have shown their potential in near‐infrared (NIR) photodetection as a promising alternative to traditional silicon and inorganic compounds. To achieve efficient NIR photodetection, high‐quality Sn–Pb perovskite thick films with well‐packed, smooth, and pinhole/void‐free features are highly desirable for boosting the spectral absorption. Understanding the crystallization kinetics and tuning the crystallization are fundamentally important to reach such high‐quality thick Sn–Pb perovskite films, and have been limitedly explored. Herein, an approach of double‐side crystallization tuning through low‐temperature space‐restricted annealing in methylammonium‐free Sn–Pb perovskite films with over 1 µm thickness is proposed. More specifically, through simultaneously retarding the crystallization in the top of precursor films and promoting the crystal growth of the bottom of precursor films, high‐quality and block‐like thick FA0.85Cs0.15Sn0.5Pb0.5I3 perovskite films with improved crystallinity, preferred out‐of‐plane orientation, and reduced trap density are achieved. Finally, photovoltaic‐mode Sn–Pb perovskite NIR photodetectors show a high external quantum efficiency of ≈80% at 760–900 nm, a recorded responsivity of 0.53 A W−1, and a high specific detectivity of 6 × 1012 Jones at 940 nm. This study offers the fundamental understanding of the crystallization kinetics of thick perovskite films and paves the way for perovskite‐based emerging NIR photodetection and imaging applications.
Asymmetrical Chirality in 3D Bended Metasurface
Authors: Pan Ruhao , Liu Zhe , Zhu Wei , Du Shuo , Gu Changzhi , Li Junjie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractChiral metasurfaces offer crucial opportunities to expand the application potential for chiral photonics, but its desired freely structural control and giant circular dichroism (CD) allow for more and greater challenges. Here, different from previous metasurfaces with single structural regulation, a kind of bifunctional chiral metasurface based on 3D bended asymmetric construction is proposed, which shows giant CD combined with asymmetric chirality at 5.2 µm. The bended metasurface with abundant spatial freedom, consisting of an array of asymmetric bended split ring resonators (SRRs), can be built up from the tensile stress induced by focused ion beam (FIB)–matter interaction. The results show that the CD increases with the bending angle of the metasurface and reaches a maximum at a bending angle of 60°. Particularly, it is found that the CD is 0.71/0.85 (experiment/simulation) for the backward incidence but −0.29/−0.29 for the forward incidence, indicating that the giant CD and asymmetric chirality properties are realized simultaneously in the same metasurface. The calculated results of near‐field distribution and the electric/magnetic dipoles show that the giant CD and the asymmetric chirality come from and , respectively. The findings inspire a high efficiency approach to design multifunctional chiral optical devices.
Photo‐Transformable Gratings for Augmented Reality
Authors: Lim Yongjun , Kang Byungsoo , Lee Seungwoo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe seamless integration of multiple diffractive optical elements (DOEs) into a single‐level substrate has been the key for the advancements in augmented reality (AR) technologies. Presently, serial‐type lithographic manipulations such as electron‐beam lithography can successfully provide a deterministic route toward this end. The large‐scale utilization of these processes, however, is impractical owing to their high cost. The holographic inscription of photochromic materials can offer an etching‐free and wide‐scale strategy for the cost‐effective development of large‐area 1D DOEs. Given the processing time, the accessible DOE area from this holographic inscription is more than several orders of magnitude larger (108–1010 µm2 h−1) than that obtained through the aforementioned lithography (102–105 µm2 h−1). However, erasing, which is believed to be prevalent in the multiscale integration of various DOEs, deteriorates the pattern integrity and throughput. Here, it is proposed that the technical conundrum resulting from erasing and re‐inscribing the DOEs can be effectively circumvented by transforming the already formed DOEs without erasing. Centimeter‐scale mosaic DOEs can be readily developed within an hour, which in turn facilitate advanced AR demonstrations. This approach leverages the ability of holographic inscription to seamlessly integrate the wide‐scale multiple DOEs as well as their utility as a go‐to tool for AR technologies.
A Quinoxaline‐Based D–A Copolymer Donor Achieving 17.62% Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhu Can , Meng Lei , Zhang Jinyuan , Qin Shucheng , Lai Wenbin , Qiu Beibei , Yuan Jun , Wan Yan , Huang Wenchao , Li Yongfang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSide‐chain engineering has been an effective strategy in tuning electronic energy levels, intermolecular interaction, and aggregation morphology of organic photovoltaic materials, which is very important for improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs). In this work, two D–A copolymers, PBQ5 and PBQ6, are designed and synthesized based on bithienyl‐benzodithiophene (BDTT) as the donor (D) unit, difluoroquinoxaline (DFQ) with different side chains as the acceptor (A) unit, and thiophene as the π‐bridges. PBQ6 with two alkyl‐substituted fluorothiophene side chains on the DFQ units possesses redshifted absorption, stronger intermolecular interaction, and higher hole mobility than PBQ5 with two alkyl side chains on the DFQ units. The blend film of the PBQ6 donor with the Y6 acceptor shows higher and balanced hole/electron mobilities, less charge carrier recombination, and more favorable aggregation morphology. Therefore, the OSC based on PBQ6:Y6 achieves a PCE as high as 17.62% with a high fill factor of 77.91%, which is significantly higher than the PCE (15.55%) of the PBQ5:Y6‐based OSC. The PCE of 17.62% is by far one of the highest efficiencies for the binary OSCs with polymer donor and Y6 acceptor.
Sub 20 nm‐Node LiNbO3 Domain‐Wall Memory
Authors: Lian Jianwei , Chai Xiaojie , Wang Chao , Hu Xiaobing , Jiang Jun , Jiang Anquan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractConducting domain walls (DWs) induced by an in‐plane electric field applied to a mesa‐like cell fabricated at the surface of an insulating LiNbO3 single‐crystal film play a key role in the diode‐like DW memory. However, the lateral shrinking of the cell size below a 20 nm‐node technology becomes challenging due to the presence of interfacial layers with the finite thickness above 30 nm. In this work, 15 nm‐sized LiNbO3 cells are fabricated in high on/off current ratio of ≈102 on the SiO2/Si wafers immune to the interfacial‐layer effect, which can be operated below 5 V and also promising to meet the CMOS processing. It is found that the interfacial‐layer thickness reduces almost linearly with the shrinking cell size from 100 to 15 nm and the DW current increases by 25 times. The retention time of written information at +/−3 V is over 48 h, the domain switching time can approach 5 ns at 4 V in high switching endurance (≈109 cycles). These achievements imply the high storage density of a ferroelectric DW memory without the fundamental interfacial‐layer limit.
The Tunability of Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Flexible Van der Waals Manganite Membrane
Authors: Liu Huan , Qi Ji , Feng Ming , Xu Hang , Liu Ruiping , Li Nan , Wang Chen , Zhang Yuan , Zhang Yuting , Lü Weiming 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTransition metal oxides (TMOs) have been intensively investigated in varied electrochemical processes owing to their features of low cost, stability, and substantial activity, etc. The strain engineering of a TMO has been proposed as a promising method for enhanced electrochemical activities due to its strongly electron correlated nature. Generally this type of investigation is carried out by separated TMO thin films on various substrates with a different lattice constant. In this study, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity of Van der Waals La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 (LSMO) membrane is studied as a function of continuous strain manipulation via curvature change. It is found that a total of ≈800% OER activity tunability can be achieved by only ≈0.4% in situ strain modulation. Then the variation of in‐plane interaction strength of the eg orbital is found to correspond to the sensitive OER tunability and 3dx2−y2 orbital occupancy is favored in an OER enhancement of LSMO.
Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles for Sepsis Treatment
Authors: Kronstadt Stephanie M. , Pottash Alex E. , Levy Daniel , Wang Sheng , Chao Wei , Jay Steven M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSepsis is a deadly condition lacking a specific treatment despite decades of research. This has prompted the exploration of new approaches, with extracellular vesicles (EVs) emerging as a focal area. EVs are nanosized, cell‐derived particles that transport bioactive components (i.e., proteins, DNA, and RNA) between cells, enabling both normal physiological functions and disease progression depending on context. In particular, EVs have been identified as critical mediators of sepsis pathophysiology. However, EVs are also thought to constitute the biologically active component of cell‐based therapies and have demonstrated anti‐inflammatory, anti‐apoptotic, and immunomodulatory effects in sepsis models. The dual nature of EVs in sepsis is explored here, discussing their endogenous roles and highlighting their therapeutic properties and potential. Related to the latter component, prior studies involving EVs from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and other sources are discussed and emerging producer cells that could play important roles in future EV‐based sepsis therapies are identified. Further, how methodologies could impact therapeutic development toward sepsis treatment to enhance and control EV potency is described.
Aqueous MXene/PH1000 Hybrid Inks for Inkjet‐Printing Micro‐Supercapacitors with Unprecedented Volumetric Capacitance and Modular Self‐Powered Microelectronics
Authors: Ma Jiaxin , Zheng Shuanghao , Cao Yuexian , Zhu Yuanyuan , Das Pratteek , Wang Hui , Liu Yu , Wang Jiemin , Chi Liping , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Wu Zhong‐Shuai 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDespite intense development of inkjet printing for scalable and customizable fabrication of power sources, one major shortcoming is the lack of eco‐friendly aqueous inks free of additives (e.g., toxic solvents, surfactants). Here, an aqueous printable MXene/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (MP) hybrid ink is demonstrated that has an adjustable viscosity to directly inkjet‐print micro‐supercapacitors (MP‐MSCs) with excellent performance, seamless integration, and desirable customization, which is crucial for scalable industrialization of self‐powered integrated systems. The MP‐MSCs deliver an unprecedented volumetric capacitance of 754 F cm−3 and a remarkable energy density of 9.4 mWh cm−3, superior to previously reported inkjet‐printed MSCs. Such outstanding performance is partly attributed to highly conductive PH1000 that prevents restacking of MXene nanosheets, enabling fast electron and ion diffusion throughout the microelectrodes. Moreover, MP‐MSCs present exceptional miniaturization and superior modularization featuring high voltage output up to 36 V from 60 serially connected cells and impressive areal voltage of 5.4 V cm−2 connected in tandem. Further, a printable temperature sensor integrated with the MP‐MSC and a flexible solar cell exhibits an exceptional response of 2% and mechanical flexibility without any bias voltage input. Therefore, the MXene inks are expected to create various opportunities for miniaturization and innovative construction of flexible, self‐sustaining, energy harvesting–storing–consuming microsystems for printable electronics.
Prolonged in‐hospital stay and higher mortality after Covid‐19 among patients with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma treated with B‐cell depleting immunotherapy
Authors: Duléry Rémy , Lamure Sylvain , Delord Marc , Di Blasi Roberta , Chauchet Adrien , Hueso Thomas , Rossi Cédric , Drenou Bernard , Deau Fischer Bénédicte , Soussain Carole , Feugier Pierre , Noël Nicolas , Choquet Sylvain , Bologna Serge , Joly Bertrand , Philippe Laure , Kohn Milena , Malak Sandra , Fouquet Guillemette , Daguindau Etienne , Taoufik Yassine , Lacombe Karine , Cartron Guillaume , Thiéblemont Catherine , Besson Caroline 
Published: April 2021

AbstractProlonged Covid‐19 is an emerging issue for patients with lymphoma or immune deficiency. We aimed to examine prolonged length of in‐hospital stay (LOS) due to Covid‐19 among patients with lymphoma and assess its determinants and outcomes. Adult patients with lymphoma admitted for Covid‐19 to 16 French hospitals in March and April, 2020 were included. Length of in‐hospital stay was analyzed as a competitor vs death. The study included 111 patients. The median age was 65 years (range, 19–92). Ninety‐four patients (85%) had B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. Within the 12 months prior to hospitalization for Covid‐19, 79 patients (71%) were treated for their lymphoma. Among them, 63 (57%) received an anti‐CD20 therapy. Fourteen patients (12%) had relapsed/refractory disease. The median LOS was 14 days (range, 1–235). After a median follow‐up of 191 days (3–260), the 6‐month overall survival was 69%. In multivariable analyses, recent administration of anti‐CD20 therapy was associated with prolonged LOS (subdistribution hazard ratio 2.26, 95% confidence interval 1.42–3.6, p < 0.001) and higher risk of death (hazard ratio 2.17, 95% confidence interval 1.04–4.52, p = 0.039). An age ≥ 70 years and relapsed/refractory lymphoma were also associated with prolonged LOS and decreased overall survival. In conclusion, an age ≥ 70 years, a relapsed/refractory lymphoma and recent administration of anti‐CD20 therapy are risk factors for prolonged LOS and death for lymphoma patients hospitalized for Covid‐19. These findings may contribute to guide the management of lymphoma during the pandemic, support evaluating specific therapeutic approaches, and raise questions on the efficacy and timing of vaccination of this particular population.
Ru(II)‐Catalyzed Difluoromethylations of 7‐Azaindoles: Access to Novel Fluoro‐7‐Azaindole Derivatives
Authors: Zhu Yan‐Ying , Xu Hui‐Bei , Zhang Jing , Luo Yi , Dong Lin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFluorinated compounds are prevalence in agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and biochemical sciences. Herein, we develop an efficient Ru(II)‐catalyzed site‐selective C−H functionalization/difluoromethylated reaction to separately construct 3‐difluoromethylated and remote meta‐difluoromethylated 7‐azaindole derivatives.
Research progress on compounding agent and mechanical test method of fluororubber
Authors: Xu Zehua , Zhang Yanbin , Li Anling , Wang Jiwen , Wang Guangfei , He Qiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFluororubber (FKM) materials have excellent mechanical properties, and are widely used in automotive and aerospace fields. As fluorine rubber is a typical representative of new special rubber, the formula and mechanical test method of fluorine rubber have become one of the important issues at present. Multi‐factor optimization of fluororubber compound plays an important role in the mechanical properties of FKM. Based on the introduction of new materials in FKM compounding agents (reinforcing agent, softening plasticizer, anti‐aging agent, accelerator, vulcanizing agent, auxiliary agent and filler), this paper focuses on the research progress of characterization methods and mechanical properties of the composite materials combined with FKM.
Pyrin Inflammasome Activation Abrogates Interleukin‐1 Receptor Antagonist, Suggesting a New Mechanism Underlying Familial Mediterranean Fever Pathogenesis
Authors: Mortensen Sussi B. , Hansen Ann‐Brit E. , Mogensen Trine H. , Jakobsen Marianne A. , Beck Hans C. , Harvald Eva B. , Lambertsen Kate L. , Johansen Isik S. , Andersen Ditte C. 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveAberrant pyrin inflammasome activity triggers familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) pathogenesis, but the exact mechanism remains elusive and an obstacle to efficient treatment. We undertook this study to identify pyrin inflammasome–specific mechanisms to improve FMF treatment and diagnostics in the future.MethodsPyrin‐specific protein secretion was assessed by proteome analysis in U937‐derived macrophages, and specific findings were confirmed in pyrin inflammasome–activated monocytes from healthy blood donors and patients with FMF, stratified according to MEFV genotype categories corresponding to a suspected increase in FMF disease severity.ResultsProteome data revealed a differential secretion pattern of interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1Ra) from pyrin‐ and NLRP3‐activated U937‐derived macrophages, which was verified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, pyrin activation significantly reduced IL1RN messenger RNA expression (P < 0.001) and IL‐1Ra secretion (P < 0.01) in healthy donor and FMF monocytes, respectively. Independent of MEFV genotype, unstimulated FMF monocytes from colchicine‐treated patients secreted lower amounts of IL‐1Ra compared to healthy donors (P < 0.05) and displayed decreased ratios of IL‐1Ra:IL‐1β (P < 0.05), suggesting a reduced antiinflammatory capacity.ConclusionOur data show an inherent lack of IL‐1Ra expression specific to pyrin inflammasome activation, suggesting a new mechanism underlying FMF pathogenesis. The reduced IL‐1Ra levels in FMF monocytes suggest a diminished antiinflammatory capacity that potentially leaves FMF patients sensitive to proinflammatory stimuli, regardless of receiving colchicine therapy. Thus, considering the potential clinical consequence of reduced monocyte IL‐1Ra secretion in FMF patients, we suggest further investigation into IL‐1Ra dynamics and its potential implications for FMF treatment in the future.
What Does It Mean to Be a British Isles Lupus Assessment Group–Based Composite Lupus Assessment Responder? Post Hoc Analysis of Two Phase III Trials
Authors: Furie Richard , Morand Eric F. , Bruce Ian N. , Isenberg David , van Vollenhoven Ronald , Abreu Gabriel , Pineda Lilia , Tummala Raj 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveThe British Isles Lupus Assessment Group–based Composite Lupus Assessment (BICLA) is a validated global measure of treatment response in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) clinical trials. To understand the relevance of BICLA in clinical practice, we investigated relationships between BICLA response and routine SLE assessments, patient‐reported outcomes (PROs), and medical resource utilization.MethodsThis was a post hoc analysis of pooled data from the phase III, randomized, placebo‐controlled, 52‐week TULIP‐1 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02446912; n = 457) and TULIP‐2 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02446899; n = 362) trials of intravenous anifrolumab (150/300 mg once every 4 weeks) in patients with moderate‐to‐severe SLE. Changes from baseline to week 52 in clinical assessments, PROs, and medical resource use were compared in BICLA responders versus nonresponders, regardless of treatment assignment.ResultsBICLA responders (n = 318) achieved significantly improved outcomes compared with nonresponders (n = 501), including lower flare rates, higher rates of attainment of sustained oral glucocorticoid taper to ≤7.5 mg/day, greater improvements in PROs (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Fatigue, Short Form 36 Health Survey), and fewer SLE‐related hospitalizations/emergency department visits (all nominal P < 0.001). Compared with nonresponders, BICLA responders had greater improvements in global and organ‐specific disease activity (Physician’s Global Assessment, SLE Disease Activity Index 2000, Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index Activity, and joint counts; all nominal P < 0.001). BICLA responders had fewer lupus‐related serious adverse events than nonresponders.ConclusionBICLA response is associated with clinical benefit in SLE assessments, PROs, and medical resource utilization, confirming its value as a clinical trial end point that is associated with measures important to patient care.
Analysis of Feasibility and Acceptability of an E‐Learning Module in Anatomy
Authors: Bhat Ghulam Mohammad , Bhat Ishfaq Hussain , Shahdad Shaheen , Rashid Saima , Khan Mudasir Ahmad , Patloo Ajaz Ahmad 
Published: April 2021

Recent advance in medical education is in correlation with the advances in information technology and thus computer‐based learning is being increasingly employed. The objective of the present study was to design and evaluate an e‐learning module in anatomy and assess the perceptions of students and faculty about this e‐learning module. The participating students were randomized into three groups by block stratified randomization and Google groups were created for each of the three groups. The e‐learning module was implemented in three sessions by rotating the three groups. Validated questionnaires were sent to faculty and participating students via Google forms to obtain feedback. The results of ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference among the groups in terms of marks obtained with conventional (F = 2.403, P = 0.103), online (F = 6.050, P = 0.005), and blended (F = 5.801, P = 0.006). Post hoc comparisons using the Tukey HSD test, about the gain of knowledge, indicated that the results were insignificant when comparing the conventional group with the online group, but were significant when comparing the blended group with the conventional and online group. The qualitative data regarding the perception of students toward e‐learning were analyzed using thematic analysis. The introduction of an interactive e‐learning module in anatomy was effective and well received by the students and faculty. The study showed that blended learning has a positive impact on the students' learning by improving cognitive gain and receptive perception for e‐learning.