bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum synchronization in an asymmetric coupled optomechanical system
Authors: Sun J T , Yi X X , Liu H D 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this work, we investigate the quantum synchronization and ϕ synchronization of two mechanical oscillators of different frequencies in two optomechanical systems with asymmetric coupling interaction. The whole system can be modulated by cavity detuning or driving amplitudes. Under certain parameters, quantum ϕ synchronization can be enhanced by asymmetric coupling in optomechanical systems, and the phase difference ϕ has an inversion. Moreover, we show that with the introduction of Kerr nonlinear medium, nonlinearity is dominated in achieving synchronization within asymmetric coupled cavities and ϕ can be corrected. Apart from achieving quantum synchronization, quantum anti-synchronization can be observed depending on the asymmetric coupling and the asymmetric external driving field. Our findings could offer insights into other quantum effects and pave the way for studying quantum correlations in asymmetric coupled optomechanical systems.
Polarization of the x-rays from Fe ions following K-shell electron-impact excitation and dielectronic recombination
Authors: Rui Jinglin , Xie Luyou , Zhang Junming , He Wenliang , Ma Yulong , Dong Chenzhong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The total and magnetic sublevels cross sections both for the electron impact excitation (EIE) of C-like Fe
20+ ion from the ground state to the K-shell excited states

(
1
s
2

s

2

2

p

3

)

J
=
0
,
1
,
2

and for the dielectronic recombination (DR) of B-like Fe
21+ ion to the same K-shell excited states have been calculated using a fully relativistic distorted-wave approach. Based on these results, the degrees of linear polarization for the same x-ray lines associated with strong 2p → 1s transitions have been obtained. Significant differences are observed in the polarizations of radiative x-rays from these two atomic processes, which can be employed to distinguish the formation mechanism of the corresponding x-ray lines.
Stability and Physical Aspects of Viable Wormhole Solution in $f(R,\mathcal{L}_m)$-gravity: An Embedding Approach
Authors: Khatri Mohan , Lallawmzuali Marina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we analyze the properties of wormhole (WH) solutions within the framework of modified \(f(R,\mathcal{L}_m)\) gravity. The shape function and redshift function are essential components in the modeling of wormholes, as they dictate the wormhole's metrics and characteristics. Our study sheds light on how the features of \(f(R,\mathcal{L}_m)\) gravity interact with gravitational effects, offering insights into possible wormhole configurations. We also investigate the behavior of energy conditions, the fundamental properties of wormholes, and their embedding diagrams. The stability of the WH solutions is further assessed using the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff (TOV) equation, which confirms that the solutions meet the equilibrium criteria. Additionally, the volume integral quantifier (VIQ) is discussed to understand the amount of exotic matter required around the wormhole throat. The increasing nature of the active gravitational mass supports the physical viability of the WH solutions. We also explore the complexity factor and sound speed associated with the WH solutions. Overall, our findings contribute to the broader discussion on alternative theories of gravity and the nature of exotic spacetime geometries.
Two-dimensional photothermally induced grating
Authors: Khan Tauqeer , Rahman Muneeb ur , Riaz Nusrat , Asad Ahsan Bin , Khan Muhammad Imtiaz , Ziauddin  
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The phenomenon of photothermally induced transparency (PTIT) arises from the nonlinear behavior of an optical cavity, resulting from the heating of mirrors. By introducing a coupling field in the form of a standing wave, PTIT can be transitioned into photothermally induced grating (PTIG). A two-dimensional (2D) diffraction pattern is achieved through the adjustment of key parameters such as coupling strength and effective detuning. Notably, we observe first, second, and third-order intensity distributions, with the ability to transfer probe energy predominantly to the third order by fine-tuning the coupling strength. The intensity distribution is characterized by (±m, ±n), where m, n = 1, 2, 3. This proposed 2D grating system offers a novel platform for manipulating PTIG, presenting unique possibilities for enhanced functionality and control.
Signal estimation bias in x-ray dark-field imaging using dual phase grating interferometer
Authors: Wang 王 Zhi-Li 志立 , Zhang 张 Zun 尊 , Chen 陈 Heng 恒 , Ge 葛 Xin 昕 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In x-ray dark-field imaging using dual phase grating interferometer, multi-contrast signals are extracted from a set of acquired phase-stepping data by using the least-squares fitting algorithm. The extracted mean intensity, amplitude and visibility signals may be intrinsically biased. However, it is still unclear how large these biases are and how the data acquisition parameters influence the biases in the extracted signals. This work set out to address these questions. Analytical expressions of the biases of the extracted signals were theoretically derived by using a second-order Taylor series expansion. Extensive numerical simulations were performed to validate the theoretical results. It is illustrated that while the estimated mean intensity signal is always unbiased, the estimated amplitude and visibility signals are both positively biased. While the biases of the estimated amplitude signals are proportional to the inverse of the total number of phase steps, the biases of the estimated visibility signals are inversely proportional to the product of the total number of phase steps and the mean number of photons counted per phase step. Meanwhile, it is demonstrated that the dependence of the biases on the mean visibility is quite different from that of Talbot–Lau interferometer due to the difference in the intensity model. We expect that these results can be useful for data acquisition optimizations and interpretation of x-ray dark-field images.
Zinc-doped hydroxyapatite loaded chitosan gelatin nanocomposite scaffolds as a promising platform for bone regeneration
Authors: Bhushan Sakchi , Singh Sandhya , Maiti Tushar Kanti , Das Ankita , Barui Ananya , Chaudhari Leena R , Joshi Meghnad G , Dutt Dharm 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The advancement in the arena of bone tissue engineering persuades us to develop novel nanocomposite scaffolds in order to improve antibacterial, osteogenic, and angiogenic properties that show resemblance to natural bone extracellular matrix. Here, we focused on the development of novel zinc-doped hydroxyapatite (ZnHAP) nanoparticles (1, 2 and 3 wt%; size: 50–60 nm) incorporated chitosan–gelatin (CG) nanocomposite scaffold, with an interconnected porous structure. The addition of ZnHAP nanoparticles decreases the pore size (∼30 µm) of the CG scaffolds. It was observed that with the increase in the concentration of ZnHAP nanoparticles (3 wt%) in CG scaffolds, the swelling ratio (1760% ± 2.0%), porosity (71% ± 0.98%) and degradation rate (35%) decreased, whereas mechanical property (1 MPa) increased, which was better as compared to control (CG) samples. Similarly, the high deposition of apatite crystals especially CG-ZnHAP3 nanocomposite scaffold revealed the excellent osteoconductive potential among all other scaffolds. MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells seeded with CG-ZnHAP nanocomposite scaffolds depicted better cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation to osteogenic lineages. Finally, the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay revealed better angiogenesis of ZnHAP nanoparticles (3 wt%) loaded CG scaffolds supporting vascularization after 7th day incubation in the CAM area. Overall, the results showed that the CG-ZnHAP3 nanocomposite scaffold could be a potential candidate for bone defect repair.
Current and future adaptation potential of heat-tolerant maize in Cameroon: a combined attribution and adaptation study
Authors: Jansen Lennart , Undorf Sabine , Gornott Christoph 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Sub-Saharan Africa is projected to be exposed to substantial climate change hazards, especially in its agricultural sector, so adaptation will be necessary to safeguard crop yields. Tropical and subtropical maize production regions approach critical temperature thresholds in the growing season already in today’s climate, and climate change might already be contributing to this. In this study we analyse the impact of anthropogenic climate change on maize yields and the potential for adaptation in Cameroon. We innovate by introducing a counterfactual climate as baseline to a definition for adaptation potential proposed in the literature to assess the relative benefit heat-tolerant crop varieties have already under current and under projected climate change. Spatially detailed simulations of maize yields are performed using the process-based crop model APSIM with W5E5 reanalysis data and bias-corrected and downscaled climate model data from CMIP6/ISIMIP3b for counterfactual, historical and projected future climate scenarios SSP1-2.6 and SSP3-7.0. It is found that unadapted maize yields experience significant losses under all climate change scenarios, with mean losses of 0.3 t ha−1 for the current period compared to the counterfactual climate without anthropogenic climate forcings and that yields are significantly higher for the heat-tolerant varieties across all scenarios simulated. Yield impacts of heat tolerance are highest under projected climate change, making it effective climate change adaptation. This result is robust to the exact value of parameterised heat tolerance. Breeding heat-tolerant varieties as parameterised in this study can be an effective adaptation but is still not enough to mitigate simulated losses under a high-emissions scenario.
Mineralogy as a potential driver of irregular radiocarbon patterns among Icelandic fluvial carbon pools
Authors: Gallarotti Nora , Bröder Lisa , Lattaud Julie , Wartenweiler Stephan , Haghipour Negar , Eglinton Timothy I 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Fluvial export of organic carbon (OC) from the terrestrial biosphere to the ocean forms a key component of the global carbon cycle. Carbon sources and transformations along the land–ocean aquatic continuum are dynamic with a complex interplay between particulate and dissolved organic and inorganic carbon pools (POC, DOC, DIC). Radiocarbon dating serves as a valuable tool, providing crucial insights into turnover and residence times within these pools. However, the myriad of carbon sources, including ancient ‘petrogenic’ OC from sedimentary rocks or freshly assimilated OC derived from aquatic in-situ production, makes it challenging to interpret 14C signatures in the context of terrestrial biospheric OC turnover and residence times. Icelandic rivers and streams offer an opportunity to examine biospheric carbon dynamics due to the virtual absence of petrogenic OC (e.g., shales, carbonates) in underlying bedrock. Our study of 43 rivers and streams, collectively draining approximately 42% of Iceland’s surface, revealed that radiocarbon signatures of POC largely align with global river patterns but lacked the presence of significantly old (14C-depleted) carbon likely reflecting the absence of ancient petrogenic OC. In contrast, DOC tended to be older compared to global rivers and the corresponding POC and DIC pools in Icelandic rivers. These observations challenge the paradigm that riverine POC generally exhibits longer turnover and residence times than DOC. After excluding other potential factors, we argue that this apparent age inversion among carbon pools in Icelandic rivers may reflect retention of DOC prior to its release to the aquatic continuum through interactions with high surface area minerals prevalent in the volcanic soils of Iceland. This finding may be relevant for other fluvial systems draining volcanic bedrock and have broader implications regarding biospheric OC dynamics in rivers and streams globally.
Particle-in-cell simulations of electron beam-plasma discharge in a narrow gap with varying transverse boundary conditions
Authors: Chen Jiahong , Chen Jian , Cao Qinchuang , Wang Zhibin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the effects of transverse boundary conditions, specifically the bias voltage on the transverse wall and the gap width, on electron beam-generated plasmas (EBPs) confined in a narrow gap, are investigated using the particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision (PIC/MCC) simulations. Simulation results reveal that the application of bias voltage causes beam deflections, leading to the formation of band structures in the beam electron velocity space. Three branches of electrostatic waves, including electron beam mode, Langmuir wave, and electron acoustic mode, are identified. Increasing the bias voltage and reducing gap width intensify beam deflections, resulting in the suppression of waves. Both wave excitation and beam deflection significantly modify beam electron transport, leading to the plasma non-uniformity. These findings enhance the understanding of beam transport and plasma behavior in discharges confined in a narrow gap.
Effectiveness of behavior change techniques to address barriers to follow-up colonoscopy: results from an online survey and randomized factorial experiment
Authors: Kerrison Robert S , Gil Natalie , Stoffel Sandro , Hirst Yasemin , Whitaker Katriina L , Rees Colin , Duffy Stephen , von Wagner Christian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Nonattendance at colonoscopy is associated with reduced colorectal cancer (CRC) survival.

Purpose
The aim of this research was to quantify barriers to colonoscopy and test the effectiveness of behavior change techniques (BCTs) to address them.

Methods
Two studies were conducted. In the first study, participants were asked to imagine their next CRC screening result was abnormal, and were presented with the standard abnormal result letter used in the English CRC Screening Programme. Participants then completed a short survey. Multivariate regression tested associations between perceived barriers and intentions. In the second study, participants were randomly presented with a modified version of the abnormal results letter, which incorporated one or more BCTs, designed to target barriers identified in study 1, using a 28 factorial design. Participants then completed the same survey used in study 1. Multivariate regression tested the effectiveness of the BCTs to modify target barriers and intentions.

Results
In study 1, 5 items were associated with intentions, namely “Lack of understanding that CRC can be asymptomatic,” “Perceived importance of screening,” “Transport/travel,” “Shared decision making and family influenced participation,” and “Fear of pain and discomfort” (all P’s &lt; .05). In study 2, the inclusion of a social support message, targeting “shared decision-making and family influenced participation,” facilitated independent decision making and increased intentions (both P’s &lt; .05). There was no evidence to support the remaining 7 BCTs to modify barriers or intentions (all P’s &lt; .05).

Conclusions
Inclusion of a social support message facilitated independent decision-making and improved intentions.
The iPhylo suite: an interactive platform for building and annotating biological and chemical taxonomic trees
Authors: Li Yueer , Peng Chen , Chi Fei , Huang Zinuo , Yuan Mengyi , Zhou Xin , Jiang Chao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Accurate and rapid taxonomic classifications are essential for systematically exploring organisms and metabolites in diverse environments. Many tools have been developed for biological taxonomic trees, but limitations apply, and a streamlined method for constructing chemical taxonomic trees is notably absent. We present the iPhylo suite (https://www.iphylo.net/), a comprehensive, automated, and interactive platform for biological and chemical taxonomic analysis. The iPhylo suite features web-based modules for the interactive construction and annotation of taxonomic trees and a stand-alone command-line interface (CLI) for local operation or deployment on high-performance computing (HPC) clusters. iPhylo supports National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy for biologicals and ChemOnt and NPClassifier for chemical classifications. The iPhylo visualization module, fully implemented in R, allows users to save progress locally and customize the underlying R code. Finally, the CLI module facilitates analysis across all hierarchical relational databases. We showcase the iPhylo suite’s capabilities for visualizing environmental microbiomes, analyzing gut microbial metabolite synthesis preferences, and discovering novel correlations between microbiome and metabolome in humans and environment. Overall, the iPhylo suite is distinguished by its unified and interactive framework for in-depth taxonomic and integrative analyses of biological and chemical features and beyond.
R3Design: deep tertiary structure-based RNA sequence design and beyond
Authors: Tan Cheng , Zhang Yijie , Gao Zhangyang , Cao Hanqun , Li Siyuan , Ma Siqi , Blanchette Mathieu , Li Stan Z 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The rational design of Ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules is crucial for advancing therapeutic applications, synthetic biology, and understanding the fundamental principles of life. Traditional RNA design methods have predominantly focused on secondary structure-based sequence design, often neglecting the intricate and essential tertiary interactions. We introduce R3Design, a tertiary structure-based RNA sequence design method that shifts the paradigm to prioritize tertiary structure in the RNA sequence design. R3Design significantly enhances sequence design on native RNA backbones, achieving high sequence recovery and Macro-F1 score, and outperforming traditional secondary structure-based approaches by substantial margins. We demonstrate that R3Design can design RNA sequences that fold into the desired tertiary structures by validating these predictions using advanced structure prediction models. This method, which is available through standalone software, provides a comprehensive toolkit for designing, folding, and evaluating RNA at the tertiary level. Our findings demonstrate R3Design’s superior capability in designing RNA sequences, which achieves around $44\%$ in terms of both recovery score and Macro-F1 score in multiple datasets. This not only denotes the accuracy and fairness of the model but also underscores its potential to drive forward the development of innovative RNA-based therapeutics and to deepen our understanding of RNA biology.
Machine learning–enabled virtual screening indicates the anti-tuberculosis activity of aldoxorubicin and quarfloxin with verification by molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and biological evaluations
Authors: Zheng Si , Gu Yaowen , Gu Yuzhen , Zhao Yelin , Li Liang , Wang Min , Jiang Rui , Yu Xia , Chen Ting , Li Jiao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a significant challenge in the control and treatment of tuberculosis, making efforts to combat the spread of this global health burden more difficult. To accelerate anti-tuberculosis drug discovery, repurposing clinically approved or investigational drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis by computational methods has become an attractive strategy. In this study, we developed a virtual screening workflow that combines multiple machine learning and deep learning models, and 11 576 compounds extracted from the DrugBank database were screened against Mtb. Our screening method produced satisfactory predictions on three data-splitting settings, with the top predicted bioactive compounds all known antibacterial or anti-TB drugs. To further identify and evaluate drugs with repurposing potential in TB therapy, 15 screened potential compounds were selected for subsequent computational and experimental evaluations, out of which aldoxorubicin and quarfloxin showed potent inhibition of Mtb strain H37Rv, with minimal inhibitory concentrations of 4.16 and 20.67 μM/mL, respectively. More inspiringly, these two compounds also showed antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant TB isolates and exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against Mtb. Furthermore, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and the surface plasmon resonance experiments validated the direct binding of the two compounds to Mtb DNA gyrase. In summary, our effective comprehensive virtual screening workflow successfully repurposed two novel drugs (aldoxorubicin and quarfloxin) as promising anti-Mtb candidates. The verification results provide useful information for the further development and clinical verification of anti-TB drugs.
Introduction: Motherhood, Mobility, Migration in Twenty-First-Century Women’s Writing
Authors: Kačkutė Eglė , Heffernan Valerie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Despite the centrality of experiences of migration, exile, and displacement in our globalized world, there are surprisingly few literary narratives that tell the stories of mothers who mother on the move, who mother in or through several languages, across linguistic and cultural barriers, or who negotiate non-motherhood in transnational settings. This special issue seeks to right this imbalance by drawing attention to matrifocal and maternal narratives of migration, displacement, exile, expatriation, transnationality, and nomadism since they shed light on ways in which motherhood is negotiated in this relatively new reality. It explores the diversity of literary representations of migrant motherhood in contemporary women’s writing and reflects on the poetics of motherhood and mothering across literature in different cultures and languages. In this way, the special issue contributes to the understanding of motherhood in a contemporary globalized world by shedding light on what often falls outside of the Western discourses of motherhood and mothering, thus offering fresh ways of imagining and living motherhood that is agential, empowered, and relational.