bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Octave-spanning supercontinuum generation from off-axis Raman oscillation in a monolithic KTP crystal
Authors: Wu Ming-Hsiung , Lin Yan-Jou , Laurell Fredrik , Huang Yen-Chieh 
Published: November 2021

We report generation of a visible and near-infrared supercontinuum from a high-gain, ultra-broadband, and mirrorless Raman oscillator in a monolithic KTP crystal. The plane transverse to the pump axis resonates and traps off-axis Stokes waves and their frequency-upconverted components bouncing between two crystal surfaces via total internal reflection. The Raman gain is maximized with the Stokes polarization perpendicular to the plane of reflections. When pumped by a

Q

-switched Nd:YAG laser, the monolithic oscillator generates quasi-mode-locked Stokes pulses with octave-spanning spectral groups across the visible and near-infrared spectra between 540 and 1800 nm.
Performance improvement approaches for optical fiber SPR sensors and their sensing applications
Authors: Jing Jianying , Liu Kun , Jiang Junfeng , Xu Tianhua , Wang Shuang , Ma Jinying , Zhang Zhao , Zhang Wenlin , Liu Tiegen 
Published: November 2021

Optical fiber surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors point toward promising application potential in the fields of biomarker detection, food allergen screening, and environmental monitoring due to their unique advantages. This review outlines approaches in improving the fiber SPR sensing performance, e.g., sensitivity, detection accuracy, reliability, cross-sensitivity, selectivity, convenience and efficiency, and corresponding sensing applications. The sensing principles of SPR sensors, especially the performance indicators and their influencing factors, have been introduced. Current technologies for improving the fiber SPR performance and their application scenarios are then reviewed from the aspects of fiber substrate, intrinsic layer (metal layer), and surface nanomaterial modification. Reasonable design of the substrate can strengthen the evanescent electromagnetic field and realize the multi-parameter sensing, and can introduce the in situ sensing self-compensation, which allows corrections for errors induced by temperature fluctuation, non-specific binding, and external disturbances. The change of the intrinsic layer can adjust the column number, the penetration depth, and the propagation distance of surface plasmon polaritons. This can thereby promote the capability of sensors to detect the large-size analytes and can reduce the full width at half-maximum of SPR curves. The modification of various-dimensionality nanomaterials on the sensor surfaces can heighten the overlap integral of the electromagnetic field intensity in the analyte region and can strengthen interactions between plasmons and excitons as well as interactions between analyte molecules and metal surfaces. Moreover, future directions of fiber SPR sensors are prospected based on the important and challenging problems in the development of fiber SPR sensors.
Highly sensitive plasmonic nanorod hyperbolic metamaterial biosensor
Authors: Yan Ruoqin , Wang Tao , Yue Xinzhao , Wang Huimin , Zhang Yu-Hui , Xu Peng , Wang Lu , Wang Yuandong , Zhang Jinyan 
Published: November 2021

Plasmonic sensing based on nanostructures is a powerful analytical tool for ultrasensitive label-free biomolecule detection that holds great potential in the field of clinical diagnostics and biomedical research. Here, we report the fabrication, the characterization, and the principle of operation of gold nanorod hyperbolic metamaterials (NHMMs) along with ultrasensitive bulk refractive index and label-free biomolecular detection. By combining electron-beam lithography and nanoscale electroplating, we demonstrate the fabrication of a highly ordered, height-controllable, and vertical array of nanorods. By exciting the bulk plasmon–polariton mode in the NHMM using a prism-coupling technique and integrating the sensor in microfluidics, we demonstrate that the bulk sensitivity and figure of merit of our device could reach 41,600 nm/RIU and 416 RIU-1, respectively. The physical mechanism of this high bulk sensitivity is revealed through theoretical and experimental studies. Moreover, by bio-functionalizing the surface of the NHMM sensor, monitoring the binding of streptavidin at dilute concentrations is performed in real time. We test different concentrations of streptavidin ranging from 200 to 5 µg/mL, and the NHMM biosensor exhibits a 1 nm wavelength shift for a 5 µg/mL streptavidin detection. By fitting the Hill equation of the NHMM biosensor and taking into account the level of noise (0.05 nm) as the minimum wavelength shift of the detectable limit, the limit of detection of the NHMM biosensor to streptavidin can be estimated to be 0.14 µg/mL (2.4 nm). As a direct comparison, a 0.5 nm wavelength shift for 20 µg/mL of streptavidin is reported when using a conventional gold film sensor under identical experimental conditions. The developed plasmonic NHMM sensor shows tremendous potential for highly sensitive bulk solutions and biomolecule detection and provides a promising avenue for free-label biosensing applications in the future.
Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes remission in Scotland in 2019: A cross-sectional population-based study
Authors: Captieux Mireille , Fleetwood Kelly , Kennon Brian , Sattar Naveed , Lindsay Robert , Guthrie Bruce , Wild Sarah H. ,   on behalf of the Scottish Diabetes Research Network Epidemiology Group
Published: November 2021

Background
Clinical pathways are changing to incorporate support and appropriate follow-up for people to achieve remission of type 2 diabetes, but there is limited understanding of the prevalence of remission in current practice or patient characteristics associated with remission.

Methods and findings
We carried out a cross-sectional study estimating the prevalence of remission of type 2 diabetes in all adults in Scotland aged ≥30 years diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and alive on December 31, 2019. Remission of type 2 diabetes was assessed between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2019. We defined remission as all HbA1c values <48 mmol/mol in the absence of glucose-lowering therapy (GLT) for a continuous duration of ≥365 days before the date of the last recorded HbA1c in 2019. Multivariable logistic regression in complete and multiply imputed datasets was used to examine characteristics associated with remission. Our cohort consisted of 162,316 individuals, all of whom had at least 1 HbA1c ≥48 mmol/mol (6.5%) at or after diagnosis of diabetes and at least 1 HbA1c recorded in 2019 (78.5% of the eligible population). Over half (56%) of our cohort was aged 65 years or over in 2019, and 64% had had type 2 diabetes for at least 6 years. Our cohort was predominantly of white ethnicity (74%), and ethnicity data were missing for 19% of the cohort. Median body mass index (BMI) at diagnosis was 32.3 kg/m2. A total of 7,710 people (4.8% [95% confidence interval [CI] 4.7 to 4.9]) were in remission of type 2 diabetes. Factors associated with remission were older age (odds ratio [OR] 1.48 [95% CI 1.34 to 1.62] P < 0.001) for people aged ≥75 years compared to 45 to 54 year group), HbA1c <48 mmol/mol at diagnosis (OR 1.31 [95% CI 1.24 to 1.39] P < 0.001) compared to 48 to 52 mmol/mol), no previous history of GLT (OR 14.6 [95% CI 13.7 to 15.5] P < 0.001), weight loss from diagnosis to 2019 (OR 4.45 [95% CI 3.89 to 5.10] P < 0.001) for ≥15 kg of weight loss compared to 0 to 4.9 kg weight gain), and previous bariatric surgery (OR 11.9 [95% CI 9.41 to 15.1] P < 0.001). Limitations of the study include the use of a limited subset of possible definitions of remission of type 2 diabetes, missing data, and inability to identify self-funded bariatric surgery.

Conclusions
In this study, we found that 4.8% of people with type 2 diabetes who had at least 1 HbA1c ≥48 mmol/mol (6.5%) after diagnosis of diabetes and had at least 1 HbA1c recorded in 2019 had evidence of type 2 diabetes remission. Guidelines are required for management and follow-up of this group and may differ depending on whether weight loss and remission of diabetes were intentional or unintentional. Our findings can be used to evaluate the impact of future initiatives on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes remission.
Household food insecurity, income loss, and symptoms of psychological distress among adults following the Cyclone Amphan in coastal Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Ahmed , Ahmed Bayes , Rahman Taifur , Sammonds Peter , Zaman Shamrita , Benzadid Shadly , Jakariya Md. 
Published: November 2021

Introduction
Cyclone Amphan swept into Bangladesh’s southwestern coast at the end of May 2020, wreaking havoc on food security and economic stability, as well as possibly worsening mental health. We studied the prevalence of post-cyclone stressors in adults following the cyclone and its association with symptoms of psychological distress.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study in a coastal district of Bangladesh. A five-item brief symptom rating scale was used to measure the symptoms of psychological distress. Household food insecurity was measured using the USAID Household Food Insecurity Access Scale questionnaire. We estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) using robust log-linear models adjusted for potential confounders.

Results
A total of 478 adults (mean [SD] age, 37.0[12.6] years; 169[35.4%] women) participated in the study. The prevalence of moderate-to-severe psychological symptoms and suicidal ideation was 55.7% and 10.9%, respectively. Following the cyclone, 40.8% of the adults reported severe food insecurity, and 66% of them reported moderate-to-severe mental health symptoms. Also, 54.4% of women and 33.7% of men reported severe food insecurity in the households. Moreover, 25.5% of respondents reported no income or a significant income loss after the cyclone, and 65.5% of them had moderate-to-severe psychological symptoms. Also, 13.8% of respondents reported housing displacement because of severely damaged houses, and 68.2% of them reported moderate-to-severe psychological symptoms. The high prevalence of mental health symptoms was found in women (aPR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.06–1.82), people with severe food insecurity (aPR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.01–2.64), and people who lost jobs or lost a major income source (aPR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.02–1.54).

Conclusion
Following cyclone Amphan, many low-income individuals saw their income drop drastically while others were unemployed and living with severe food insecurity. The result suggests gender inequalities in food-security after the cyclone. Immediate action is needed to ensure household food-security for reducing the burden of mental illness. Rising opportunities of paid-jobs and decreasing income-loss, especially for the poor people, can have a protective impact on psychological distress. However, due to the high prevalence of severe psychological symptoms, long-term mental health services are required among the population of coastal Bangladesh.
Distribution of bony erosions in feet and performance of two bone erosion scores: A dual-energy computed tomography study of 61 patients with gout
Authors: Chabernaud Negrier Amandine , Taihi Lokmane , Vicaut Eric , Richette Pascal , Bardin Thomas , Lioté Frédéric , Ea Hang-Korng , Bousson Valérie 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesTo assess the distribution of bone erosions and two erosion scores in the feet of patients with gout and analyze the association between erosion scores and monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition using dual-energy computed tomography (DECT).Materials and methodsWe included all patients who underwent DECT of both feet between 2016 and 2019 in our radiology department, with positive detection of MSU deposits. Data on sex, age, treatment, serum urate, and DECT urate volumes were obtained. CT images were analyzed to score bone erosions in 31 sites per foot by using the semi-quantitative method based on the Rheumatoid Arthritis MRI Scoring (RAMRIS) system and the Dalbeth-simplified score. Reproducibility for the two scores was calculated with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Correlations between clinical features, erosion scores and urate crystal volume were analyzed by the Spearman correlation coefficient (r).ResultsWe studied 61 patients (mean age 62.0 years); 3,751 bones were scored. The first metatarsophalangeal joint and the midfoot were the most involved in terms of frequency and severity of bone erosions. The distribution of bone erosions was not asymmetrical. The intra- and inter-observer reproducibility was similar for the RAMRIS and Dalbeth-simplified scores (ICC 0.93 vs 0.94 and 0.96 vs 0.90). DECT urate volume was significantly correlated with each of the two erosion scores (r = 0.58–0.63, p < 0.001). There was a high correlation between the two scores (r = 0.96, p < 0.001).ConclusionsDECT demonstrates that foot erosions are not asymmetric in distribution and predominate at the first ray and midfoot. The two erosion scores are significantly correlated with DECT urate volume. An almost perfect correlation between the RAMRIS and Dalbeth-simplified scores is observed.
Women Make Horror: Filmmaking, Feminism, Genre, Alison Peirse (ed.) (2020)
Authors: Daniels Mikayla 
Published: November 2021

Review of: Women Make Horror: Filmmaking, Feminism, Genre, Alison Peirse (ed.) (2020)
Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, 270 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-97880-512-5, h/bk, $120.00
ISBN 978-1-97880-511-8, p/bk, $29.95
Total lab automation: sample stability of clinical chemistry parameters in an automated storage and retrieval module
Authors: Vercruysse Kobe , Lambrecht Stijn , Oyaert Matthijs 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Automated storage and retrieval modules (SRM), as part of total lab automation (TLA) systems, offer tremendous practical and economic benefits. In contrast to manual storage systems, SRMs indicate continuous motion of samples and may leave samples prone to temperature fluctuations. This study investigates analyte stability in serum and heparin plasma within an automated storage module.

Methods
The stability of 28 common biochemistry analytes was investigated using 57 freshly obtained routine serum samples and 42 lithium-heparin plasma samples. Following baseline measurement, samples were stored at 2–8 °C in the automated SRM of the Accelerator a3600 TLA and reanalyzed at fixed time points (2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h) on the Abbott Architect c16000 chemistry analyzer. The concentration at each time point was expressed as %-difference to the baseline value and mean results were compared to the criteria for desirable bias derived from the biological variation database.

Results
Nine of the analytes exceeded the bias criterion within 72 h after initial measurement in either serum samples, plasma samples or both. Lithium-heparin plasma samples showed increasing values for phosphor, potassium and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), which were only considered stable for respectively 24, 12 and 4 h, glucose was considered stable for 8 h. Electrolyte concentrations and LDH activity significantly increased in serum samples beyond 48 h. Bicarbonate should not be performed as add-on test at all.

Conclusions
The presented data indicate that the conditions within an SRM have no clinical impact on sample stability and allow stable measurement of routine analytes within 72 h, comparable to manual storage facilities.
The Transcendental Parameters of “Nature as Universal Organism” in Schelling’sNaturphilosophie
Authors: Barton Jason 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe minutiae of F.W.J. Schelling’sNaturphilosophiehave been perennially dismissed due to its allegedly infeasible and indefensible assertions about Nature, such as his designation of Nature as “universal organism.” In the realm of post-Kantian German Idealism, such a dismissive attitude toward Schelling’s so-calledobjective idealism, more often than not, develops itself along the lines of Hegel’s critique of Schelling’s conception of the Absolute (i.e., as static, fixed, undifferentiated, dull, and so on). In turn, I aim to accomplish two tasks in the following investigation. First, I intend to clarify Schelling’s characterization of Nature as universal organism through a practical or teleological, instead of a theoretical or metaphysical, approach. Second, I seek to undermine the Hegelian-influenced criticisms of Schelling’s “Absolute” by demonstrating the ways in which the practico-teleological characterization of Schelling’s formulation of Nature extends into his later philosophical works (i.e., hisIdentitätsphilosophieand hisFreiheitsschrift). Through these clarifications, I hope to emphasize the uniqueness and richness of Schelling’s configuration of Nature.
Therapeutic value of the metabolomic active neurotransmitter isorhynchophylline in the treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats by regulating neurotransmitters
Authors: Alharbi Homood , Ahmad Mohammad , Tian Zhenhua , Yu Ruixue , Li Yun Lun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Hypertension is one of the most reported cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases with significantly high morbidity and mortality rates. This condition threatens the very existence of human beings. Numerous studies conducted earlier revealed the good therapeutic effect of isorhynchophylline on hypertension since the former regulates the metabolic disorders in neurotransmitters. However, the mechanism behind this action is yet to be deciphered. The current study followed the targeted metabolomics method to investigate the changes in the neurotransmitter level in the hippocampus of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) after the rats were treated with isorhynchophylline. The authors predicted the metabolic pathways involved in extensively modified neurotransmitters. Further, the expressions of metabolism-key enzymes in mRNA and protein levels were also determined. When treated with isorhynchophylline, it induced notably varying metabolomic profiles of the hippocampus in SHRs. Isorhynchophylline perturbed a total of seven extensively modified neurotransmitters as well as the primarily related pathways such as tyrosine and glutamate metabolism. An increase in the key metabolic enzymes such as DDC, MAO, COMT, TH, and DβH was observed in the SHR group, whereas their levels decreased after treatment with isorhynchophylline. The expression of GAD67 established cross-current validity. So, isorhynchophylline has been proved to have potential therapeutic value to treat hypertension via tyrosine and glutamate metabolism in the hippocampus. Further, the current study also opened new ventures to further investigate the working mechanism of isorhynchophylline in hypertension.
The nucleoporin Nup50 activates the Ran guanine nucleotide exchange factor RCC1 to promote NPC assembly at the end of mitosis
Authors: Holzer Guillaume , De Magistris Paola , Gramminger Cathrin , Sachdev Ruchika , Magalska Adriana , Schooley Allana , Scheufen Anja , Lennartz Birgitt , Tatarek‐Nossol Marianna , Lue Hongqi , Linder Monika I , Kutay Ulrike , Preisinger Christian , Moreno‐Andres Daniel , Antonin Wolfram 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDuring mitotic exit, thousands of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) assemble concomitant with the nuclear envelope to build a transport‐competent nucleus. Here, we show that Nup50 plays a crucial role in NPC assembly independent of its well‐established function in nuclear transport. RNAi‐mediated downregulation in cells or immunodepletion of Nup50 protein inXenopusegg extracts interferes with NPC assembly. We define a conserved central region of 46 residues in Nup50 that is crucial for Nup153 and MEL28/ELYS binding, and for NPC interaction. Surprisingly, neither NPC interaction nor binding of Nup50 to importin α/β, the GTPase Ran, or chromatin is crucial for its function in the assembly process. Instead, an N‐terminal fragment of Nup50 can stimulate the Ran GTPase guanine nucleotide exchange factor RCC1 and NPC assembly, indicating that Nup50 acts via the Ran system in NPC reformation at the end of mitosis. In support of this conclusion, Nup50 mutants defective in RCC1 binding and stimulation cannot replace the wild‐type protein inin vitroNPC assembly assays, whereas excess RCC1 can compensate the loss of Nup50.
Women in the Whirlpool: Traversing the Tie-up of Personality and Work-Life Balance of Pakistani Academicians
Authors: Shahin Salima , Baloch Muhammad Nawaz , Shaikh Najia , Ibrahim Iqra , Abbassi Ahsan Ali 
Published: November 2021

This research strives to explain the impact of personality type on the work-life balance of women academicians. With the positivist paradigm and quantitative approach, this study has been conducted with a survey methodology. Data was collected from 362 women academicians on adopted instruments and analyzed with multiple regression and ANOVA tests. Results revealed a positive effect of agreeableness, extraversion, and openness personality types on work-life balance. Those women academicians who are with agreeableness personalities are more in a capacity to manage their work-life balance. The results also show a difference in managing the work-life balance between those who are single and married, those who belong to a nuclear family, and those who belong to joint or extended families. This study will facilitate them to develop the personality type which has more capacity to manage work-life balance. It will help policymakers to facilitate women academicians to ensure better work-life balance.JEL Classification: M12How to Cite:Shahin, S., Baloch, M. N., Shaikh, N., Ibrahim, I., & Abbassi, A. A. (2021). Women in the Whirlpool: Traversing the Tie-up of Personality and Work-Life Balance of Pakistani Academicians. Etikonomi, 20(2), xx – xx. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v20i2.17272.
The Reviews on Sustainable and Responsible Investment (SRIs) Practices According to Maqasid Shariah and Maslahah Perspectives
Authors: Haji Wahab Muhammad Zarunnaim , Naim Asmadi Mohamed 
Published: November 2021

The present study aims to explore SRIs practices based on Maqasid Shariah and Maslahah's points of view. A qualitative method via content analysis document was advocated to address the link between all concepts. The analysis revealed that SRIs, Maqasid Shariah and Maslahah share similar aims and goals to promote better environmental practices and social and governance issues. Thus, the paper concludes that the concept of SRIs does not contradict Maqasid Shariah and Maslahah in Islamic perspectives. However, a few criteria in the Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) concept that govern the SRIs practices like promoting human rights, freedom of expression, and censorship need further clarification to align with Shariah principles. The paper can enlighten the reader, especially in terms of the capabilities of SRIs practices (which is from West philosophy) to suit Maqasid Shariah and Maslahah in Islamic perspectives.JEL Classification: G2, G4, I13, N2How to Cite:Wahab, M. Z. H., & Naim, A. M. (2021). The Reviews on Sustainable and Responsible Investment (SRIs) Practices According to Maqasid Shariah and Maslahah Perspectives. Etikonomi, 20(2), xx – xx. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v20i2.18053.