bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthetic CT‐aided multiorgan segmentation for CBCT‐guided adaptive pancreatic radiotherapy
Authors: Dai Xianjin , Lei Yang , Wynne Jacob , Janopaul‐Naylor James , Wang Tonghe , Roper Justin , Curran Walter J. , Liu Tian , Patel Pretesh , Yang Xiaofeng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeThe delineation of organs at risk (OARs) is fundamental to cone‐beam CT (CBCT)‐based adaptive radiotherapy treatment planning, but is time consuming, labor intensive, and subject to interoperator variability. We investigated a deep learning‐based rapid multiorgan delineation method for use in CBCT‐guided adaptive pancreatic radiotherapy.MethodsTo improve the accuracy of OAR delineation, two innovative solutions have been proposed in this study. First, instead of directly segmenting organs on CBCT images, a pretrained cycle‐consistent generative adversarial network (cycleGAN) was applied to generating synthetic CT images given CBCT images. Second, an advanced deep learning model called mask‐scoring regional convolutional neural network (MS R‐CNN) was applied on those synthetic CT to detect the positions and shapes of multiple organs simultaneously for final segmentation. The OAR contours delineated by the proposed method were validated and compared with expert‐drawn contours for geometric agreement using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), 95th percentile Hausdorff distance (HD95), mean surface distance (MSD), and residual mean square distance (RMS).ResultsAcross eight abdominal OARs including duodenum, large bowel, small bowel, left and right kidneys, liver, spinal cord, and stomach, the geometric comparisons between automated and expert contours are as follows: 0.92 (0.89–0.97) mean DSC, 2.90 mm (1.63–4.19 mm) mean HD95, 0.89 mm (0.61–1.36 mm) mean MSD, and 1.43 mm (0.90–2.10 mm) mean RMS. Compared to the competing methods, our proposed method had significant improvements (p < 0.05) in all the metrics for all the eight organs. Once the model was trained, the contours of eight OARs can be obtained on the order of seconds.ConclusionsWe demonstrated the feasibility of a synthetic CT‐aided deep learning framework for automated delineation of multiple OARs on CBCT. The proposed method could be implemented in the setting of pancreatic adaptive radiotherapy to rapidly contour OARs with high accuracy.
Seeking adaptation from uncertainty: Coping strategies of South Korean women with endometriosis
Authors: Yoon Youngsub , Park Min‐Ae , Park Sihyun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWomen with endometriosis may experience uncertainty owing to the characteristics of the disease, including vague symptom patterns, delayed diagnosis, and long‐term management with no cure. However, women use various coping strategies to adapt to the uncertainty caused by their endometriosis. This descriptive qualitative study explored the coping experiences of women with endometriosis to reduce their uncertainty about the disease and to achieve successful adaptation to their lives with endometriosis. By using convenience and purposive sampling methods, qualitative data were collected from 14 women in South Korea (mean age = 37.7 years, age range = 27–54 years), who were diagnosed with endometriosis through laparoscopy or open surgery. All interview data were thematically analyzed. Four themes were identified as adaptive coping experiences: (1) gaining self‐control over the ambiguous disease; (2) regaining the daily routines destroyed by the disease; (3) being emotionally supported and expressing oneself when feeling unsupported by society; and (4) taking an active role in one's treatment plan by being self‐directed. Patients' sense of self‐control and self‐directedness regarding the disease and the treatment process were important to adapt to life with endometriosis. In addition, regaining stable daily routines as well as being emotionally supported were critical for decreasing their uncertainty. This paper has widespread implications, including the need for training or a continuing education program for health professionals to enhance their competencies when caring for women with endometriosis and the need for social efforts to increase awareness of the disease.
Low‐Cost Water Soluble Silicon Quantum Dots and Biocompatible Fluorescent Composite Films
Authors: Du Guitao , Li Guoqian , Qiu Shibo , Liu Linghong , Zheng Yuewei , Liu Xinghai 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSilicon quantum dots (Si‐QDs) with the advantages of excellent biocompatibility, rich sources of raw materials, and low synthesis cost, are attracting enormous attention as ideal candidates for replacing existing semiconductor quantum dot products. The water‐soluble fluorescent Si‐QDs and the Si‐QDs/Chitosan composite material are successfully prepared here by combined microwave‐assisted and traditional one‐step hydrothermal synthesis using sodium citrate and 3‐(2‐aminoethylamino) propyl‐dimethoxymethylsilane (CG602) as a novel precursor. Experimental results show that the photoluminescence quantum yield of the prepared Si‐QDs is higher than 85%, and the particle size is uniform with low crystallinity. Chitosan is used as a film‐forming substance, while an appropriate amount of nontoxic glycerin is added as a plasticizer, and a certain amount of Si‐QDs are added to prepare a composite fluorescent film. The film is a composite material with excellent properties such as visible light transmittance greater than 80%, elongation at break greater than 25%, and excellent tensile strength.
Economic Lyapunov‐based model predictive control with event‐triggered parametric identification
Authors: Zheng Yi , Li Shaoyuan , Wan Ruoxiao , Wang Yanye 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article focuses on the design of model predictive control (MPC) for nonlinear systems with slow time‐dynamic change. To avoid frequent updates of the predictive model and guarantee the state always stays inside of a given feasible region, an event‐triggered parametric estimation mechanism is designed. Firstly, a trigger condition is designed to judge if parameters of the predictive model are out of date and differ a lot from their current true values so that there is no feasible solution to regulate the state within the given bound without predictive model parameter update. This condition also depends on the current state and is deduced from a designed Lyapunov constraint, inputs constraints, and the mismatched predictive model. Then the EMPC is designed based on this condition. If the trigger condition is met, the MPC recursively updates the parameters and imposes the Lyapunov constraint. The Lyapunov constraint is based on the mismatched model and the real state does not need to be convergence. Else, the MPC only optimizes the cost function to derive a good profit. We proved that the proposed EMPC promises that the closed‐loop system state is maintained within a predefined stable region when the model mismatch bound can be estimated accurately. A simulation of a chemical process demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Characterizing the Onset Potential Distribution of Pt/C Catalyst Deposition by a Total Internal Reflection Imaging Method
Authors: Li Fuying , Ma Kaijie , Liu Le , Xi Jingyu , Qiu Xinping 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA catalytic electrode with extraordinary performances for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) should achieve a low onset potential of the bulk electrode, as well as its uniform distribution. Herein, a total internal reflection imaging (TIRi) method to characterize the onset potential distribution of the catalytic electrode surface is presented. When the potential scans toward negative in a linear sweep voltammetry, the equivalent refractive index of the electrolyte on the electrode surface will decrease due to H2 microbubbles generation, leading to the increase in optical intensity. Analysis of the relationship between the optical intensity and potential in each region results in the onset potential distribution. The TIRi method reveals poor uniformity and repeatability in the catalytic electrodes which are fabricated by depositing Pt/C catalysts on a porous carbon support with polymer binders (e.g., Nafion). Further electrochemical stability test also shows poor durability, whose HER onset potential deteriorates from the edge to the middle of these catalytic electrodes. The present TIRi method realizes direct visualization of the activity distribution on the bulk electrode surface, which provides a powerful tool for better fabrication and evaluation of large‐area HER electrodes in industrial energy devices.
Amphiphilic and Biocompatible DNA Origami‐Based Emulsion Formation and Nanopore Release for Anti‐Melanogenesis Therapy
Authors: Huang Hao , Belwal Tarun , Li Li , Xu Yanqun , Zou Ligen , Lin Xingyu , Luo Zisheng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractProgrammable engineered DNA origami provides infinite possibilities for customizing nanostructures with controllable precision and configurable functionality. Here, a strategy for fabricating an amphiphilic triangular DNA origami with a central nanopore that integrates phase‐stabilizing, porous‐gated, and affinity‐delivering effects is presented. By introducing the DNA origami as a single‐component surfactant, the water‐in‐oil‐in‐water (W/O/W) emulsion is effectively stabilized with decreased interfacial tension. Microscopic observation validates the attachment of the DNA origami onto the water‐in‐oil and oil‐in‐water interfaces. Furthermore, fluorescence studies and molecular docking simulations indicate the binding interactions of DNA origami with arbutin and coumaric acid at docking sites within central nanopores. These central nanopores are functionalized as molecular gates and affinity‐based scaffold for the zero‐order release of arbutin and coumaric acid at a constant rate regardless of concentration gradient throughout the whole releasing period. In vivo zebrafish results illustrate the advantages of this zero‐order release for anti‐melanogenesis therapy over direct exposure or Fickian diffusion. The DNA origami‐based W/O/W emulsion presents anti‐melanogenic effects against UV‐B exposure without cardiotoxicity or motor toxicity. These results demonstrate that this non‐toxic amphiphilic triangular DNA origami is capable of solely stabilizing the W/O/W emulsion as well as serving as nanopore gates and affinity‐based scaffold for constant release.
Systems thinking assessments in engineering: A systematic literature review
Authors: Dugan Kelley E. , Mosyjowski Erika A. , Daly Shanna R. , Lattuca Lisa R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEngineers, facing increasingly complex problems, need to understand the technical and contextual aspects of their work to develop effective solutions. Assessments of comprehensive systems thinking skills are needed to support the development of these skills and to inform professional placement. Thus, our study investigated current systems thinking assessments in engineering by systematically reviewing existing assessments. We analyzed which systems thinking skills were emphasized, how they were evaluated, how data were collected and in what content areas assessments were based. The results revealed a range of assessments, in terms of type, format, and content area, but a lack of assessments that equally prioritized accounting for technical and contextual considerations. This overview of assessments can be used by employers and educators to select assessments appropriate for their contexts and goals. Overall, this study demonstrates a need for comprehensive systems thinking assessments that evaluate performance.
Lymphovascular invasion quantification could improve risk prediction of lymph node metastases in patients with submucosal (T1b) esophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: van de Ven Steffi E. M. , Suzuki Lucia , Gotink Annieke W. , ten Kate Fiebo J. C. , Nieboer Daan , Weusten Bas L. A. M. , Brosens Lodewijk A. A. , van Hillegersberg Richard , Alvarez Herrero Lorenza , Seldenrijk Cees A. , Alkhalaf Alaa , Moll Freek C. P. , Curvers Wouter , van Lijnschoten Ineke G. , Tang Thjon J. , van der Valk Hans , Nagengast Wouter B. , Kats‐Ugurlu Gursah , Plukker John T. M. , Houben Martin H. M. G. , van der Laan Jaap S. , Pouw Roos E. , Bergman Jacques J. G. H. M. , Meijer Sybren L. , van Berge Henegouwen Mark I. , Wijnhoven Bas P. L. , de Jonge Pieter J. F. , Doukas Michael , Bruno Marco J. , Biermann Katharina , Koch Arjun D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimTo quantify lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and to assess the prognostic value in patients with pT1b esophageal adenocarcinoma.MethodsIn this nationwide, retrospective cohort study, patients were included if they were treated with surgery or endoscopic resection for pT1b esophageal adenocarcinoma. Primary endpoint was the presence of metastases, lymph node metastases, or distant metastases, in surgical resection specimens or during follow‐up. A prediction model to identify risk factors for metastases was developed and internally validated.Results248 patients were included. LVI was distributed as follows: no LVI (n = 196; 79.0%), 1 LVI focus (n = 16; 6.5%), 2–3 LVI foci (n = 21; 8.5%) and ≥4 LVI foci (n = 15; 6.0%). Seventy‐eight patients had metastases. The risk of metastases was increased for tumors with 2–3 LVI foci [subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) 3.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.10–5.47] and ≥4 LVI foci (SHR 3.81, 95% CI 2.37–6.10). The prediction model demonstrated a good discriminative ability (c‐statistic 0.81).ConclusionThe risk of metastases is higher when more LVI foci are present. Quantification of LVI could be useful for a more precise risk estimation of metastases. This model needs to be externally validated before implementation into clinical practice.
Density functional theory calculations of large systems: Interplay between fragments, observables, and computational complexity
Authors: Dawson William , Degomme Augustin , Stella Martina , Nakajima Takahito , Ratcliff Laura E. , Genovese Luigi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the past decade, developments of computational technology around density functional theory (DFT) calculations have considerably increased the system sizes which can be practically simulated. The advent of robust high performance computing algorithms which scale linearly with system size has unlocked numerous opportunities for researchers. This fact enables computational physicists and chemists to investigate systems of sizes which are comparable to systems routinely considered by experimentalists, leading to collaborations with a wide range of techniques and communities. This has important consequences for the investigation paradigms which should be applied to reduce the intrinsic complexity of quantum mechanical calculations of many thousand atoms. It becomes important to consider portions of the full system in the analysis, which have to be identified, analyzed, and employed as building‐blocks from which decomposed physico‐chemical observables can be derived. After introducing the state‐of‐the‐art in the large scale DFT community, we will illustrate the emerging research practices in this rapidly expanding field, and the knowledge gaps which need to be bridged to face the stimulating challenge of the simulation of increasingly realistic systems.This article is categorized under:
Electronic Structure Theory > Density Functional Theory
Software > Simulation Methods
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
Synthesis, Crystal Structures, Magnetic Properties and Hirshfeld Surface Analysis of Cu/Mn Coordination Polymers
Authors: Zhou Tao , Zhang Chong , Zhang Zilong , Zhang Yujie , Xiao Yu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTwo new coordination polymers [Cu(L)(phen)]n (1) and {[Mn2(L)2(phen)2]⋅H2O}n (2, H2L is 4,4′‐(azanediylbis(methylene))dibenzoic acid, phen is o‐phenanthroline) were synthesized using hydrothermally method. Complexes 1 and 2 were characterized by powder XRD, FT‐IR, elemental analysis, thermogravimetry, and X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction. Complex 1 belongs to monoclinic system with space group P21/n while complex 2 belongs to triclinic system with space group Pī. Complex 1 is 1D coordination polymers while complex 2 is 2D coordination polymers. Hirshfeld surface analysis of 1 and 2 were investigated and discussed in detail. Moreover, Magnetic studies reveal that complex 2 displays dominant antiferromagnetic interactions between MnII ions through syn‐syn‐carboxyl bridges.
Fishing Livelihoods and Social Diversity
Authors: Fabinyi Michael , Barclay Kate 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis chapter shifts scale from Chap.10.1007/978-3-030-79591-7_2to focus on the local context and analyse the everyday sets of social relationships that frame the lives of those engaged in fishing livelihoods. The broad structural forces of migration, technology and markets along with the wider economy all intersect with local sets of social structures to shape the conditions in which fishing livelihoods operate. Here we present two examples of how different forms of social differentiation interact with fishing livelihoods. In the Western Philippines, class and status intersect with cultural values to generate power relations and hierarchies in different roles associated with fishing livelihoods. In Pacific Island countries, gender norms structure the different types of fishing activities in which men and women are involved.
STATUS QUO
Authors: Mitteregger Mathias , Bruck Emilia M. , Soteropoulos Aggelos , Stickler Andrea , Berger Martin , Dangschat Jens S. , Scheuvens Rudolf , Banerjee Ian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractModern society is in the midst of a rapid, intense and extensive transformation. One of the main reasons for this change is the increasing pace of globalization, which is notably responsible for intensifying trade relations, driving capital markets and thus economic competition between nation states, but also facilitating cultural exchange. A key element that makes it all possible is the ability to communicate globally via the Web 2.0 (see Chap. 3.1.1).
SCENARIOS
Authors: Mitteregger Mathias , Bruck Emilia M. , Soteropoulos Aggelos , Stickler Andrea , Berger Martin , Dangschat Jens S. , Scheuvens Rudolf , Banerjee Ian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDeveloping scenarios means producing multilayered visualizations of a possible future that take into account economic, technological, social, policy and planning aspects. Starting with an analysis of the current situation, they demonstrate – quantitively or normatively and narratively (Kosow et al. 2008: 52–55) – often idealized options, which are normally characterized by different interests, objectives and interventions (Schulz-Montag/Müller-Stoffels 2006, Wilms 2006, Heinecke 2012, Fagnant/Kockelman 2014b).
Hidden photon and axion dark matter from symmetry breaking
Authors: Nakayama Kazunori , Yin Wen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A light hidden photon or axion-like particle is a good dark matter candidate and they are often associated with the spontaneous breaking of dark global or gauged U(1) symmetry. We consider the dark Higgs dynamics around the phase transition in detail taking account of the portal coupling between the dark Higgs and the Standard Model Higgs as well as various thermal effects. We show that the (would-be) Nambu-Goldstone bosons are efficiently produced via a parametric resonance with the resonance parameter q ∼ 1 at the hidden symmetry breaking. In the simplest setup, which predicts a second order phase transition, this can explain the dark matter abundance for the axion or hidden photon as light as sub eV. Even lighter mass, as predicted by the QCD axion model, can be consistent with dark matter abundance in the case of first order phase transition, in which case the gravitational wave signals may be detectable by future experiments such as LISA and DECIGO.
Correlator correspondences for subregular $$ \mathcal{W} $$-algebras and principal $$ \mathcal{W} $$-superalgebras
Authors: Creutzig Thomas , Hikida Yasuaki , Stockal Devon 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We examine a strong/weak duality between a Heisenberg coset of a theory with $$ \mathfrak{sl} $$
sl
n subregular $$ \mathcal{W} $$
W
-algebra symmetry and a theory with a $$ \mathfrak{sl} $$
sl
n|1-structure. In a previous work, two of the current authors provided a path integral derivation of correlator correspondences for a series of generalized Fateev-Zamolodchikov-Zamolodchikov (FZZ-)duality. In this paper, we derive correlator correspondences in a similar way but for a different series of generalized duality. This work is a part of the project to realize the duality of corner vertex operator algebras proposed by Gaiotto and Rapčák and partly proven by Linshaw and one of us in terms of two dimensional conformal field theory. We also examine another type of duality involving an additional pair of fermions, which is a natural generalization of the fermionic FZZ-duality. The generalization should be important since a principal $$ \mathcal{W} $$
W
-superalgebra appears as its symmetry and the properties of the superalgebra are less understood than bosonic counterparts.
Quenching effects in the cumulative jet spectrum
Authors: Takacs Adam , Tywoniuk Konrad 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The steeply falling jet spectrum induces a bias on the medium modifications of jet observables in heavy-ion collisions. To explore this effect, we develop a novel analytic framework to study the quenched jet spectrum and its cumulative. We include many energy-loss-related effects, such as soft and hard medium induced emissions, broadening, elastic scattering, jet fragmentation, cone size dependence, and coherence effects. We show that different observables, based on the jet spectrum, are connected, e.g., the nuclear modification, spectrum shift, and the quantile procedure. We present the first predictions for the nuclear modification factor and the quantile procedure with cone size dependence. As a concrete example, we compare dijet and boson+jet events to unfold the spectrum bias effects, and improve quark-, and gluon-jet classification using arguments based on the cumulative. Besides pointing out its flexibility, finally, we apply our framework to other energy loss models such as the hybrid weak/strong-coupling approach.
Conformal dimension of hyperbolic groups that split over elementary subgroups
Authors: Carrasco Matias , Mackay John M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe study the (Ahlfors regular) conformal dimension of the boundary at infinity of Gromov hyperbolic groups which split over elementary subgroups. If such a group is not virtually free, we show that the conformal dimension is equal to the maximal value of the conformal dimension of the vertex groups, or 1, whichever is greater, and we characterise when the conformal dimension is attained. As a consequence, we are able to characterise which Gromov hyperbolic groups (without 2-torsion) have conformal dimension 1, answering a question of Bonk and Kleiner.
First-order VEM for Reissner–Mindlin plates
Authors: D’Altri A. M. , Patruno L. , de Miranda S. , Sacco E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a first-order virtual element method for Reissner–Mindlin plates is presented. A standard displacement-based variational formulation is employed, assuming transverse displacement and rotations as independent variables. In the framework of the first-order virtual element, a piecewise linear approximation is assumed for both displacement and rotations on the boundary of the element. The consistent term of the stiffness matrix is determined assuming uncoupled polynomial approximations for the generalized strains, with different polynomial degrees for bending and shear parts. In order to mitigate shear locking in the thin-plate limit while keeping the element formulation as simple as possible, a selective scheme for the stabilization term of the stiffness matrix is introduced, to indirectly enrich the approximation of the transverse displacement with respect to that of the rotations. Element performance is tested on various numerical examples involving both thin and thick plates and different polygonal meshes.