bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Intraoperative Hemodynamic Optimization Using FloTrac/EV1000 Platform for Early Goal-directed Therapy to Improve Postoperative Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft with Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tribuddharat Sirirat , Sathitkarnmanee Thepakorn , Ngamsangsirisup Kriangsak , Nongnuang Krisana 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Early goal-directed therapy (EGDT) using the FloTrac system reportedly decreased mortality, morbidity, and length of stay (LOS) in intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital among high-risk patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the FloTrac/EV1000 platform for improving postoperative outcomes in cardiac surgery. Methods: Eighty-six adults undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were randomized to the EV1000 or Control group. The Control group was managed with standard care to achieve the following goals: mean arterial pressure 65-90 mmHg; central venous pressure 8-12 mmHg; urine output ≥ 0.5 mL/kg/h; oxygen saturation > 95%; and hematocrit 26-30%. The EV1000 group was managed to reach similar goals using information from the FloTrac/EV1000 monitor. The targets were: stroke volume variation (SVV) < 13%; cardiac index (CI) 2.2-4.0 L/min/m2; stroke volume index (SVI) 33‑65 mL/beat/m2; and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) 1600‑2500 dynes/s/cm5/m2. Results: The LOS in ICU of the EV1000 group was significantly shorter (mean difference -29.5 h; 95%CI -17.2 to -41.8, p < 0.001). The mechanical ventilation time was also shorter in the EV1000 group (mean difference -11.3 h; 95%CI -2.7 to -19.9, p = 0.011). The hospital LOS was shorter in the EV1000 group (mean difference -1.1 d; 95%CI -0.1 to -2.1, p =0.038). The EV1000 group received a higher number of inotropic or vasoactive drugs than the Control group in pre-bypass period, but less in post-bypass, postoperative period before transfer to the ICU, and in the ICU. The EV1000 group had less atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and acute renal injury.Conclusions: Compared with standard care, intraoperative hemodynamic optimization using the FloTrac/EV1000 platform for the EGDT protocol in patients undergoing CABG with CPB resulted in shorter ventilator time, shorter ICU and hospital LOS, and fewer postoperative complications. The EV1000 group required more fluid and inotropic or vasoactive drugs in the pre-bypass period to optimize SVV, CI, and SVRI and to maintain the target MAP resulting in better myocardium oxygen supply reflected in fewer drugs required during post-bypass, before transfer to, and in, the ICU.Trial registrationThe study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04292951) on 03/03/2020.
Reconstruction of mandible defect with folded free fibular flap
Authors: Gao Ning , Fu Kun , Cai Jinghua , Chen Hao , He Wei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Mandibular defects directly affect a patient’ facial features, masticatory and articulation. This study has analyzed 41 patients with mandibular ameloblastoma who underwent a partial mandibulectomy and reconstruction by folding the free fibular flap. In the preoperative and postoperative (6 months and 24 months after surgery), the QOL of these patients was assessed by using the University of Washington Quality of Life Questionnaire (UW-QOL) and the medical outcome study short form-36 (SF-36) questionnaires. The sf-36 survey showed that body pain, general health, and health changes decreased significantly at 6 months after surgery, but the mean score at 24 months after surgery all exceeded that shown before surgery. The UW-QOL survey showed that chewing, speech and taste had significantly changed in the 6 months after the surgery, and the difference was statistically significant 24 months after the surgery. The total score of the patients almost recovered to the preoperative level at 24 months after the surgery. The folded free fibular flap is an ideal selection for the reconstruction of oral defects after cancer resection. In using this flap, the basic social need of patients after surgery can be satisfied. The folded free fibular flap can improve the patients’ QOL.
Examining Gender Differentials and Correlates of Private Health Insurance Subscription in Zambia
Authors: Mulenga James , Mulenga Mulenga C. , Musonda Katongo M.C. , Phiri Chilizani 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Health insurance is an essential aspect of health care. This is because it enables the insured to acquire timely and essential health care services, besides offering financial protection from catastrophic treatment costs. This paper seeks to establish gender differentials and correlates of health insurance subscription in Zambia. Methods: The data used in this study was obtained from the 2018 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey. Data was analyzed using STATA 13.0 software and focused on descriptive and Probit regression analyses. Results: The study finds that for women and men, age, wealth category, education and professional occupation are positively associated with health insurance. While, being self-employed in the agricultural sector, negatively influences health insurance coverage for both sexes. Other variables have gender specific effects. For instance, being in marital union and in a clerical occupation increases the probability of having health insurance for women. While, being in the services, skilled and unskilled manual occupations increase the probability of health insurance for men. Further, residing in rural areas reduces the probability of having health insurance for men. Conclusion: The study concludes that there are differences in factors that influence health insurance between women and men. Hence, this study highlights the need to enhance health insurance coverage by addressing the different factors that influence health insurance coverage among men and women. These factors include, enhancing education, job creation, diversifying insurance schemes and gender consideration in the design of NHIS.
Activation of TREK-1 Potassium Channel Improved Cognitive Deficits in Alzheimer's Disease Model Mice by Modulation of Glutamate Metabolic Pathway
Authors: Li Fang , Zhou Shu ning , Zeng Xin , Yang Rui , Wang Xue Xi , Meng Bin , Pei Wei lin , Lu Li 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Alzheimerʼs disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive dysfunction. Glutamate (Glu) metabolism pathway mediated neurotoxicity is one of main factors causing memory impairment in AD. TWIK-related potassium channel-1 (TREK-1) exerts protective effect in brain ischemia, but the role of it in AD is unknown. In this study, the SAMP8 mice were used as an AD model, the age-matched SAMR1 mice as a control, we investigated the change trend of TREK-1 channel as well as AD related molecules in brains of SAMP8 mice and showed the expression levels of TREK-1 compensatory arose before 3 months of age, then began to decline. Meanwhile the levels of Tau and Glu increased with age while Ach level decreased over age. Next, using α-Linolenic acid (ALA) as an activator of TREK-1 channel, we showed that activation of TREK-1 channel improved the learning and memory deficits of SAMP8 mice aged in 6 months. Furthermore, we explored the possible mechanisms and found that the levels of molecules were closely related to the glutamate metabolism pathway. After the activation of TREK-1 channel, the damaged neurons and astrocyte were rescued, the levels of Glu and NMDAR were down-regulated, while the level of GLT-1 was up-regulated. These findings suggested that TREK-1 played the crucial role in the pathological progression of AD and activation of TREK-1 channel improved the cognitive deficits in SAMP8 mice which is mediated by Glu metabolism pathway. The TREK-1 potassium channel may be expected to be a new potential therapeutic target for AD.
Long-term Hematopoietic Stem Cells as Sanctuary Niche during Treatment Failure in Visceral Leishmaniasis
Authors: Dirkx Laura , Hendrickx Sarah , Maes Louis , Caljon Guy 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The increasing frequency of treatment failure in visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has already resulted in discontinuation of various first-line drugs. Although most studies focus on associations with parasitic drug resistance, a knowledge gap remains about other factors determining cure versus relapse. The present study used double bioluminescent/fluorescent Leishmania infantum and L. donovani reporter lines to study relapse at the tissue and cellular level. In combination with 123 different treatments in golden Syrian hamsters, the observations provide evidence of parasites surviving in the bone marrow (BM), identifying this tissue as a sanctuary site from where the host can be recolonized. Long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSC; Lin- Sca1 + cKit + CD48- CD150+) were found to become readily infected through invasion rather than phagocytosis. Compared to other BM cells and macrophages, LT-HSCs constitute a hospitable cellular niche with low nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species levels and harbouring enormous parasite burdens. Moreover, we found that infected LT-HSCs are less sensitive to antileishmanial reference drugs in comparison to macrophages. Given the important clinical implications for the current field situation of increasing post-treatment relapse rates, this study represents an essential step by identifying the BM cellular niches responsible for Leishmania persistence and treatment failure.
Hsp90 inhibitors directly block HSV-1 DNA replication via inducing degradation of pUL42
Authors: Qin Shurong , Hu Xiao , Zeng Qiongzhen , Wang Zhaoyang , Jia jiaoyan , Song Xiaowei , Ren zhe , Wang Yifei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background：Herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) is a member of the Alphaherpesvirinae family, which could initiate labial herpes caused by the reactivation of HSV-1 primary infection, and genital herpes caused by secondary infection, even causes herpes encephalitis. The purpose of this study is to study potential viral proteins and the mechanism of antiviral activity of new Hsp90 inhibitors (AT-533 and 17-AAG). In previous studies, the Hsp90 inhibitor geldanamycin has been confirmed to induce the abnormal localization of HSV-1 pUL30, but it is unclear whether Hsp90 inhibitors affect other viral replication proteins.Methods：The anti-HSV-1 activity of AT-533 and 17-AAG were evaluated by CCK-8 assay and fluorescent virus titer assay. The mechanism of action against HSV-1 DNA replication was determined by the previous study and this research. Then we assayed the viral RNA transcription, viral DNA replication and protein expression, respectively. In addition, we identified the replication-related proteins that interact with Hsp90 through protein docking and co-immunoprecipitation, and determined the effects of AT-533 and 17-AAG on the expression of replication-related proteins.Results：CCK-8 and fluorescent virus titer determination showed that Hsp90 inhibitors hasve good anti-HSV-1 activity on HFF cells. Interestingly, AT-533 significantly reduces the synthesis of viral DNA, but it does not affect the expression of viral mRNA. Further, protein docking stimulation and co-IP assay revealed that DNA polymerase pUL42 interacted with Hsp90, which was largely degraded via autophagy by Hsp90 inhibitors. However, AT-533 does not affect the expression of other replication-related proteins, such as ssDNA binding protein UL9 and helicase-primerase UL5/8/52. The results suggested that Hsp90 inhibitors directly inhibited viral DNA replication by affecting the stability of DNA polymerase pUL42.Conclusions：Our results indicate that Hsp90 inhibitors may be potential candidates for HSV-1 therapy by directly inhibiting DNA replication, especially for ACV resistant strains.
Autocrine S100B in Astrocytes Promotes VEGF-dependent Inflammation and Oxidative Stress, and Causes Impairment of Neuroprotection
Authors: wang xuebao , yu he , liu leping , chen baihui , feng shuya , ding saidan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Our previous study revealed that minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is strongly associated with neuroinflammation. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism of the induction of inflammatory response in MHE astrocytes remains unclear. Methods: In this study, we further investigated the effect and mechanism of S100B, predominant isoform expressed and released from mature astrocytes, on MHE-like neuropathology in the MHE rat model. Results: We discovered that S100B expressions and autocrine were significantly increased in MHE rats and astrocytes isolated from MHE rats. Furthermore, we found that S100B stimulates VEGF expression via the interaction between TLR2 and RAGE in an autocrine manner. S100B-facilitated VEGF autocrine expression further led to a VEGFR2 and COX-2 interaction, which in turn induced the activation of NFƙB, eventually resulting in inflammation and oxidative stress caused by MHE astrocytes. Compared to WT astrocytes, impairment of MHE astrocytes supported neuronal growth in co-culture.Conclusions: To sum up, comprehensive-understanding of the impact of S100B-overexpressed MHE astrocyte on MHE pathology may provide insights into the etiology of MHE.
Radiotherapy-induced Haematological and Intestinal Toxicity in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Ma Ruishuang , Ye Xiaoxian , Zhou Jianliang , Lou Pengrong , Guo Shenchao , Guo Jianxin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression is common and threatening, however, the effect of radiation on bone marrow activity especially leukocyte count has been underestimated in cervical cancer. Pelvic radiation-related intestinal toxicity is prevalent, and the relationship between leukopenia and intestinal toxicity is not clear. The clinical data of 59 patients who underwent conventional radiation alone for cervical cancer were retrospectively analyzed. The patients had normal leukocyte count on admission, and the blood cell count, GTV dose, intestinal toxicity were evaluated. During radiotherapy (RT), 47 patients (79.7%) developed into leukopenia with 38.3% mild and 61.7% moderate. The mean time for leucopenia was 9 days. Compared with leucopenia-negative patients, leucopenia-positive ones had lower baseline leukocyte count, while the neutrophil/lymphocyte (NLR) and monocyte/lymphocyte (MLR) showed no significance. Logistic regression analysis indicated that excluding the factors for age, BMI, TNM stage, surgery and GTV dose, baseline leukocyte count was an important independent predictor of leucopenia (OR=0.383). During RT, the significant reduction was found in leukocyte, neutrophil and lymphocyte count at week 2 while monocyte count after 2 weeks. Furthermore, NLR and MLR showed significant and sustained upward trend. About 54.2% patients had gastrointestinal symptoms, however, no significant difference was noted between leukocyte count as well as NLR/MLR and intestinal toxicity. Our results suggest a high prevalence of leucopenia in cervical cancer patients receiving RT, and those with low baseline leukocyte count are more likely for leucopenia, for whom early prevention of infection may be needed during RT.
Protective role of ERCC4 SNP rs1800067 Minor Allele in Gallbladder Carcinogenesis.
Authors: Anjali Kumari , Singh Deepika , Kumar Puneet , Kumar Tarun , Narayan Gopeshwar , Singh Sunita 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most aggressive tumor of the biliary tract. Since DNA damage is one of the common events in GBC, we hypothesized that nucleotide excision repair enzymes may be defective in GBC. We aimed to investigate the association of SNP rs1800067 (G/A) of ERCC4 with the disease predisposition in gallbladder cancer and its prognosis. We have also investigated the expression of ERCC4 in GBC patients and gallstone patients for any possible correlation with the SNP.Methods: In 350 GBC patients and 300 controls, ERCC4 SNP rs1800067 was genotyped by PCR-RFLP. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was performed using ERCC4 and internal control β-actin primers in gallstone and tumor biopsy. We adopted the Kaplan-Meier plot and log-rank tests to explore the association of rs1800067 and prognosis of gallbladder cancer patients. Results: We demonstrate that the minor allele A is less frequent in GBC patients than healthy controls, suggesting the association of GA genotype with decreased risk of GBC. rs1800067 genotypes have significantly differential frequencies relative to clinical parameters. The relative expression of ERCC4 is significantly differentially expressed among early and late stages of tumors. Patients with combined GA+AA genotypes had longer overall survival in patients with early stages of tumors and with chemotherapy.Conclusion: Our results suggest that minor allele A is significantly associated with reduced risk of gallbladder carcinogenesis. The upregulation of relative mRNA expression of ERCC4 is an early event in the progression of gallbladder cancer.
Emergence of Lanes and Turbulent-like Motion in Active Spinner Fluid
Authors: Reeves Cody , Aronson Igor , Vlahovska Petia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Assemblies of self-rotating particles are gaining interest as a novel realization of active matter with unique collective behaviors such as edge currents and non-trivial dynamic states. Here, we develop a continuum model derived from coarse-grained equations of motions for a system of discrete spinners. We apply the model to explore the mixtures of spinners and same-spin phase separation. We find that the dynamics is strikingly sensitive to fluid inertia: In the inertialess system, after transient turbulent-like motion the spinners segregate and form steady traffic lanes. Contrary, at small but finite Reynolds number, the turbulent-like motion is sustained and the spinner population exhibit a chirality breaking transition: only population with a certain sense of rotation survives. The results shed light on the dynamic behavior of non-equilibrium materials exemplified by active spinners.
Classification of Emotional States Inparkinson’s Disease Patients Using Time,Frequency and Time-Frequency Analysis
Authors: K.N Rejith , Subramaniam Kamalraj , Pillai Ayyem Pillai Vasudevan , V Roshini T , Ravi Renjith V. , V Elamaran 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this work, PD patients and healthy individuals were categorized with machine-learning algorithms. EEG signals associated with six different emotions, (Happiness(E1), Sadness(E2), Fear(E3), Anger(E4), Surprise,(E5) and disgust(E6)) were used for the study. EEG data were collected from 20 PD patients and 20 normal controls using multimodal stimuli. Different features were used to categorize emotional data. Emotional recognition in Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been investigated in three domains namely, time, frequency and time frequency using Entropy, Energy-Entropy and Teager Energy-Entropy features. Three classifiers namely, K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm, Support Vector Machine and Probabilistic Neural Network were used to observethe classification results. Emotional EEG stimuli such as anger, surprise, happiness, sadness, fear, and disgust were used to categorize PD patients and healthy controls (HC). For each EEG signal, frequency features corresponding to alpha, beta and gamma bands were obtained for nine feature extraction methods (Entropy, Energy Entropy, Teager Energy Entropy, Spectral Entropy, Spectral Energy-Entropy, Spectral Teager Energy-Entropy, STFT Entropy, STFT Energy-Entropy and STFT Teager Energy-Entropy). From the analysis, it is observed that the entropy feature in frequency domain performs evenly well (above 80 %) for all six emotions with KNN. Classification results shows that using the selected energy entropy combination feature in frequency domain provides highest accuracy for all emotions except E1 and E2 for KNN and SVM classifier, whereas other features give accuracy values of above 60% for most emotions.It is also observed that emotion E1 gives above 90 % classification accuracy for all classifiers in time domain.In frequency domain also, emotion E1 gives above 90% classification accuracy using PNN classifier.
Atiprimod Triggered Apoptotic Cell Death via Acting on PERK/eIF2a/ATF4/CHOP and STAT3/NF-KB axis in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Coker-Gurkan Ajda , Can Esin , Sahin Semanur , YERLIKAYA PINAR OBAKAN , ARISAN Elif-Damla 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The constitutive activation of STAT3 through receptor tyrosine kinases triggered breast cancer cell growth, and invasion-metastasis. Atiprimod impacts anti-proliferative, anti-carcinogenic effects in hepatocellular carcinoma, lymphoma, multiple myeloma via hindering the biological activity of STAT3. Dose-dependent atiprimod evokes first autophagy as a survival mechanism and then apoptosis due to prolonged ER stress in pituitary adenoma cells. The therapeutic efficiency and mechanistic action of atiprimod in breast cancer cells have not been investigated yet. Thus, we aimed to modulate the pivotal role of ER stress in atiprimod-triggered apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells. Results: Dose- and time-dependent atiprimod treatment inhibits cell viability and colony formation in MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. A moderate dose of atiprimod (2 mM) inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation at Tyr705 residue and also suppressed the total expression level of p65. In addition, nuclear localization of STAT1, 3 and NF-kB was prevented by atiprimod exposure in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells. Atiprimod evokes PERK, BiP, ATF-4, CHOP upregulation, and PERK (Thr980), eIF2a (Ser51) phosphorylation’s. However, atiprimod suppressed IRE1a-mediated Atg-3, 5, 7, 12 protein expressions and no alteration were observed on Beclin-1, p62 expression levels. PERK/eIF2a/ATF4/CHOP axis pivotal role in atiprimod-mediated G1/S arrest and apoptosis via Bak, Bax, Bim and PUMA upregulation in MDA-MB-468 cells. Moreover, atiprimod renders MDA-MB-231 more vulnerable to type I programmed cell death by plasmid-mediated increased STAT3 expression. Conclusion: Atiprimod induced prolonged ER stress-mediated apoptosis via both activating PERK/eIF2a/ATF4/CHOP axis and suppressing STAT3/NF-kB transcription factors nuclear migration in TBNC cells.
Measurement of Phthalate Acid Esters in Non-alcoholic Malt Beverages by MSPE-GC/MS Method in Tehran City: Chemometrics
Authors: Rezaei Hana , Moazzen Mojtaba , Shariatifar Nabi , Khaniki Gholamreza Jahed , Dehghani Mohammad Hadi , Arabameri Majid , Alikord Mahsa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The goal of this research was to assess the phthalic acid esters (DEP, DMP, BBP, DBP, DEHP, DnOP and total PAE) in non-alcoholic malt beverages bottled were magnetized with iron (MWCNT-Fe3O4) using Mass spectrometry is gas chromatography (GC-MS) in Tehran. The results showed that maximum and minimum of total phthalate esters in samples were 9483.93 and 2412.50 ng/l, respectively. The mean of DEHP (which has also been found to be carcinogenic) in all samples was lower than 5944.73 ng/l. The maximum concentration of DEHP in four samples was upper than 8957.87 ng/l. Multivariate techniques and heat-map visualization were used to assess the correlation among the type and levels of PAEs with brand, color, product date, pH, sugar, volume and gas pressure. Therefore, based on heat-map and principal component analysis (PCA) results, the Bis (2- ethyl hexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and total PAEs were the closest accessions, indicating that these variables had similar trends. Based on the results, it can be stated that due to the low average of total phthalate esters in non-alcoholic malt beverages, there is no serious health hazard of these compounds for humans.