bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathogenetic rationale for correction of endothelial dysfunction with quercetin in the complex treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Khukhlina O. S. , Antoniv A. A. , Kotsiubiichuk Z. Ya. 
Published: June 2021

Objective — to determine effects of therapeutical complex, including metformin, rosuvastatin, essential phospholipids and quercetin, on the state of blood lipid spectrum, endothelial function, fibrinolysis system and platelet hemostasis, which are factors in the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD).
Materials and methods. The investigation was performed in the dynamics of treatment of 60 NASH patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM 2) and DKD of stage I — III. Depending on the prescribed treatment patients were randomized into 2 groups. The comparison group 1 (28 subjects) was administered hypocaloric diet with account of dietary restrictions #9, received essential phospholipids 300 mg 2 caps. 3 times a day) during 30 days for the NASH treatment, and antidiabetic and lipid‑lowering therapy with metformin hydrochloride 1000 mg per day, rosuvastatin (5 mg 1 time per day) for 1 month. Group 2 consisted of 32 patients and in addition to the similar 30 days of dietary recommendations, essential phospholipids, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic therapy, received quercetin and povidone 500 mg intravenously in 100 ml of isotonic sodium 10 mg for 10 days. The mean age of patients was 53.8 ± 3.52 years. The comparison group consisted of 30 healthy age‑matching subjects.
Results. Parameters of endothelial dysfunction, fibrinolysis and platelet hemostasis were determined to check the degree of endothelial‑protective effects of Quercetin against the background of the recommended protocol therapy. As a result of treatment, baseline significantly reduced NO levels (in 1.7 times) in patients of group 1 increased insignificantly (p > 0.05), and significantly raised in 1.5 times (p < 0.05) in group 2. This can be explained by effects of Quercetin as an endothelial protector, as well as by metformin effects, which reduces degree of insulin resistance and promotes body weight reduction, as well as reduction of hyperlipidemia level and probability of deposition of subendothelial proatherogenic fractions.
Conclusions. Combined therapy of NASH with DM 2 and diabetic kidney disease with the use of essential phospholipids, statins and metformin with addition of Quercetin was more effective than traditional therapy: it significantly reduced the markers of NASH exacerbation, optimized blood lipid spectrum, restored endothelial functional state, eliminated the phenomena of hypercoagulable syndrome without the additional administration of antiplatelet agents.
Calcium-dependent complications of lactase deficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Andrusha A. B. 
Published: June 2021

Objective — to assess the degree of osteodeficiency and probability of osteoporotic fractures in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the absence or presence of lactase deficiency.
Materials and methods. All examined patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into 2 groups depending on the presence/absence of lactase deficiency. In addition to routine examination methods, specific methods were used for diagnosing lactase deficiency, assessing bone mineral density (using dual‑energy X‑ray absorptiometry) and bone quality (ultrasound densitometry), the state of bone remodelling (according to markers of bone resorption and formation), probability of osteoporotic fractures (using FRAX and QFracture calculators), dietary and lifestyle habits were also studied.
Results. The changes have been revealed in both processes of bone remodelling — increased bone resorption and insufficient bone formation, and the activity of bone formation, which was the lowest in patients with lactase deficiency and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The results of X‑ray absorptiometry confirmed that osteoporosis was significantly more often in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the presence of lactase deficiency. The use of ultrasonic densitometry confirmed the violation of bone tissue micro architectonics. The indicator of broadband ultrasound attenuation, which reflects the qualitative characteristics of bone tissue, was the lowest in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus accompanied by lactase deficiency. The probability of osteoporotic fractures according to the results of the assessment with the online calculator FRAX® was higher than the average risk in both groups of patients. No significant difference was established in this indicator between these groups of patients in contrast to the risk calculated with the QFracture instrument — it was the highest in patients with lactase deficiency.
Conclusions. The presence of lactase deficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus can be considered as a factor that contributes to the development of osteodeficiency, deterioration of the quality of bone tissue, imbalance in bone remodelling and an increase in the probability of osteoporotic fractures.
Role of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase as a regulator of cell energy balance in patients with metabolic disorders
Authors: Zhuravlyova L. V. , Stoianova Yu. D. 
Published: June 2021

The combination of diabetes mellitus type 2 and gout is common. It has been established that prolonged hyperuricemia leads to insulin resistance and suppresses the effects of insulin, which is why the study of pathogenetic links in the formation of metabolic disorders in synergistic pathologies is relevant. AMPK has been shown to be a regulator of cell energy balance, which plays an important role in preventing the development of insulin resistance. The purpose of this review is to determine the impact of AMPK on carbohydrate, lipid and purine metabolism in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and gout. The realization of the effects of AMPK on metabolic processes in the human body occurs in two main ways — inhibition of anabolism and stimulation of catabolism, which will be discussed in the article. It is advisable to consider the mechanisms of action of indirect activators of AMPK as potential components for the comprehensive treatment of patients with metabolic disorders. The mechanisms of activation and inhibition of AMPK are not investigated enough, but it is known that AMPK plays a significant role in the main metabolic processes in the human body. The mechanisms of cell sensitivity to most energy‑containing molecules and substances directly depend on the AMPK activation degree. The presence of these dependencies may be evaluated in the case of metabolic diseases. Thus, further study of the effects of AMPK and its influence on carbohydrate, lipid and purine metabolism is necessary, due to the possibility of predicting the formation of insulin resistance, the severity of diabetes mellitus type 2 in combination with gout, and optimizing treatment in patients with comorbid pathology.
Gender Differences in Clinical and Epidemiological Profile of Adult Patients with Vitiligo
Authors: Poudyal Yogesh , Jha Chandra Bhal , Parajuli Niraj 
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTION
Vitiligo is an acquired disorder of skin characterized by white macules. Though there are many studies describing clinical and epidemiological features of vitiligo; there are few studies which have attempted to see the differences between male and female. Understanding the gender differences in clinico-epidemiological features will help to find the direction for further research in understanding pathogenesis. The objective was to find the gender wise differences in clinico-epidemiological pattern of vitiligo.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
This was cross sectional study done at Dermatology and Venereology out-patient clinic of Universal College of Medical Sciences Teaching hospital, Bhairhawa, Nepal from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2016. Consecutive sampling technique was used and the cases of 18 years and above were taken. Chi-square test, multi-variate logistic regression, two sample t-tests were used to analyze the data.

RESULTS
The total number of case was 190. Female to male ratio was 1.38:1. Vitiligo vulgaris was seen more in female and mucosal vitiligo more in male and the difference was statistically significant. However, there was no statistically significant difference among gender in family history, duration of disease, mucosal and hair involvement, history of recurrence and various age groups.

CONCLUSION
Vitiligo vulgaris is seen more in female and mucosal vitiligo is seen more in male. This study has strengthened the evidence regarding the difference noted in clinic-epidemiological aspect of vitiligo. There should be more studies, so that more patterns in gender differences could be understood, and this will help in understanding the pathogenesis of vitiligo.
Hematological Findings in COVID-19 Patients at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital
Authors: Singh Mrinalini , Kafle Santosh Upadhyay , Parajuli Surya B , Kafle Neeta , Sinha Amrita , Singh Randhir Kumar 
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTION
The outbreak of 2019 novel corona virus has also affected the Nepalese population. Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) is the diagnostic laboratory test for confirming the diagnosis. The complete blood count (CBC) is the laboratory test routinely done in patients suffering from any type of infection. This test provides the information to physicians regarding the inflammatory process. The objective of this study was to evaluate and find out whether hematologic parameters are affected in a person suffering from Covid-19 infections.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This is a prospective study done from 3rd December 2020 to 3rd February 2021 for a period of two months. All the confirmed patients of corona (COVID-19) with RT-PCR, between days-1 to day-15 of PCR positivity, whose hematological profile was sent to the pathology laboratory department, were studied. The hematologic parameters studied include total white blood cells count (TLC), differential white blood cell count (DLC), hemoglobin and platelet counts.
RESULTS
Out of one hundred (100) RT-PCR positive patients eighty (80%) were male and twenty (20%) were female. Age group of patients ranged from 27 years to 94 years. Ninety-four (94%) patients reveal leukocytosis and Ninety-six (96%) patients showed increased in differential neutrophil count. Fifty-two (52%) patients reveal anemia and platelets count was normal in seventy-eight (78%) cases.
CONCLUSION
Covid-19 infection causes changes in the hematological parameters. Study of these parameters provides significant clinical information.
Biology as Destiny in Gender Inequality
Authors: Sharma Sharada Devi 
Published: June 2021

Generally differentiating men and women in society as a gender study is itself increasing the discrimination. It is in the name of eliminating discrimination activists are uniting, registering, advocating the weaker section of the society for political benefit. The weaker section is being stronger to fight against the stronger section to intensify the conflict for political benefit. The recent accident of Rukum district is the product of conflict-led politics of modernity. A Dalit boy went to marry his non-Dalit love with some of his friends but her people made them jump on the Karnali River to save their lives but killed. The incident was highly politically motivated. Until we follow the philosophy of modernity, the same kind of incidents may repeat time and again. The study is to analyze biology as destiny in gender inequality. Methodologically the study is a critical analysis of modernism on the issues of gender inequality. Men are men and women are women with pride, no regression at all. No one can eliminate destiny or Prarabdha but we can neutralize it.
ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY IN UKRAINIAN TRANSLATED LEXICOGRAPHY OF THE 20–30 YEARS OF THE 20th CENTURY (on the material of the Russian-Ukrainian dictionary 1924–1933)
Authors: Melnyk Tetiana 
Published: June 2021

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the peculiarities of the reproduction of Ukrainian anatomical terminology in the common lexicographical works of the 20–30 years of the 20th century (on the material of the «Russian-Ukrainian dictionary» 1924–1933). It was decided to investigate the codification registers of this period, because then the basic principles for establishing the vocabulary of the Ukrainian literary language in general and terminology in particular were formed. 20–30 years of the 20th century is a time of comprehensive scientific study and codification of the norms of the Ukrainian language. The main approaches to the elaboration and introduction of terminology for the designation of anatomical concepts in the translated academic dictionary are generalized. To achieve this goal, a historiographical method was used (to study linguistic facts taking into account the historical and cultural situation) and a descriptive method (to characterize the collected factual material).
Based on a detailed analysis of lexicographic registers of the dictionary, the main approaches to the translation of anatomical terms are identified. It was found that the main criteria when choosing a word for the dictionary was its distribution in the vernacular and compliance with the grammatical system of the Ukrainian literary language. It is determined that in the process of working with anatomical concepts, scientists: 1) critically analyzed the words recorded in terminological dictionaries that have appeared in Ukraine in recent years; 2) used borrowings from other languages when the Ukrainian language lacked a certain token; 3) tried to submit international terms without artificially translating into Ukrainian; 4) clarified the interpretation of terms by introducing examples from various sources.
It is concluded that the common language «Russian-Ukrainian dictionary» of 1924–1933 laid the foundations for the entry of terms into the lexical system of general literary language. The prospect of further research is determined in the study of the comparative aspect of the introduction of anatomical terminology in the registers of common codification works of the first part of the 20th century.
Suction mask device: a simple, inexpensive, and effective method of reducing spread of aerosolized particles during endoscopic endonasal surgery in the era of COVID-19
Authors: Hara Takuma , Zachariah Marcus A. , Li Ruichun , Martinez-Perez Rafael , Carrau Ricardo L. , Prevedello Daniel M. 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE
Aerosol-generating procedures, including endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES), are a major risk for physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic. Techniques for reducing aerosolization and risk of transmission of COVID-19 during these procedures would be valuable to the neurosurgical community. The authors aimed to simulate the generation of small-particle aerosols during EES and craniectomy in order to develop methods to reduce the spread of aerosolized particles, and to test the effectiveness of these methods.

METHODS
This study was performed at the Anatomical Laboratory for Visuospatial Innovations in Otolaryngology and Neurosurgery at The Ohio State University. The following two scenarios were used to measure three different particle sizes (0.3, 2.5, and 10 µm) generated: 1) drilling frontotemporal bone, simulating a craniectomy; and 2) drilling sphenoid bone, simulating an endonasal approach. A suction mask device was created with the aim of reducing particle release. The presence of particles was measured without suction, with a single Frazier tip suction in the field, and with the suction mask device in addition to the Frazier suction tip. Particles were measured 12 cm from the craniectomy or endonasal drilling region.

RESULTS
In the absence of any aerosol-reducing devices, the number of particles measured during craniectomy was significantly higher than that generated by endonasal drilling. This was true regardless of the particle size measured (0.3 µm, p < 0.001; 2.5 µm, p < 0.001; and 10 µm, p < 0.001). The suction mask device reduced the release of particles of all sizes measured in the craniectomy simulation (0.3 µm, p < 0.001; 2.5 µm, p < 0.001; and 10 µm, p < 0.001) and particles of 0.3 µm and 2.5 µm in the single Frazier suction simulation (0.3 µm, p = 0.031; and 2.5 µm, p = 0.026). The suction mask device further reduced the release of particles of all sizes during EES simulation (0.3 µm, p < 0.001; and 2.5 µm, p < 0.001) and particles of 0.3 µm and 2.5 µm in the single Frazier suction simulation (0.3 µm, p = 0.033; and 2.5 µm, p = 0.048). Large particles (10 µm) were not detected during EES.

CONCLUSIONS
The suction mask device is a simple and effective means of reducing aerosol release during EES, and it could potentially be used during mastoidectomies. This could be a valuable tool to reduce the risk of procedure-associated viral transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic.
الكوتا النسائية
Authors: Jameel Rasheed Asmaa 
Published: June 2021

اعتمدت عدد من الدول العربية نظام الكوتا أو الحصة المخصصة للنساء كوسيلة سريعة وفعالة للتعامل مع التمثيل الناقص للمرأة في البرلمان والمجالس التشريعية العربية.
تحاول الدراسة الحالية تسليط الضوء على نظام الكوتا في سبع دول عربية، وتحليل انماطها، واشكالها، واليات تطبيقها، وتحديد مناطق القوة والضعف فيها وما انتجته من فرص وتحديات امام مشاركة المرأة في السياسة.
وقد خلصت الدراسة الى ان الدول العربية ورغم اختلافها في تطبيق نظام الكوتا لم تتمكن من تجاوز المعوقات الثقافية لمشاركة المرأة السياسية. ويتأثر تمثيل النساء وفقا لنظام الكوتا بالنظم الانتخابية السائدة في البلدان العربية وايضا بالثقافة السياسية للناخبين وقوة الحركة النسائية والتوجهات الايديولوجية. وهذا ما يجعل الكوتا ليست الفاعل الوحيد في رفع مستوى المشاركة السياسية للمرأة.
على الرغم من أهمية الكوتا الإلزامية ودورها في زيادة تمثيل النساءفي البرلمانات غير انها ليست حلا لمشكلة ضعف تمثيل المرأة السياسي وان تفعيل الدور السياسي للمرأة يجب ان يستهدف جذور أسباب وعوامل منعهن من المشاركة السياسية وإيجاد الحلول لها والتي يجب ان تنبع من المجتمع والثقافة ذاتها وليست بفرضها عبر التشريعات.
الحكمة لدى عينة من منتسبي جامعة بغداد (الطلبة، والموظفين، والتدريسيين)
Authors: Jameel Bayda H. , Ahmed Bushra Othman 
Published: June 2021

يستهدف البحث التعرف على التقييم الذاتي للحكمة لدى عينة من (التدريسين، الطلبة، الموظفين) في جامعة بغداد و التعرف على دلالة الفروق في التقييم الذاتي للحكمة وفقا لمتغيرات الجنس و العمر و المهنة ولكل بعد من ابعاد القائمة ، وتألفت عينة البحث (146) فرد ، استجابت العينة على قائمة التقييم الذاتي للحكمة لـ Webster ،التي تتكون من ستة ابعاد، و اظهرت النتائج الاتي: امتلاك عينة البحث تقييم ذاتي للحكمة عالي ولكل الابعاد، وانه لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة وفقا لمتغيري الجنس و العمر و المهنة و لكل الابعاد، باستثناء بعد تنظيم الذات الانفعالي فيما يتعلق بمتغير المهنة ولصالح التدريسي.
القيّم في محتويات البرامج التلفزيونية ذات الطابع الخيري
Authors: Hamdi Muhammed El-Fatih 
Published: June 2021

تتناول هذه الدراسة التحليلية موضوع القيّم التي تضمّنها البرنامج التلفزيوني "قلبي إطمأن" الذي بث عبر قناة "أبوظبي" الفضائية في موسمه الثالث على التوالي، ويعد البرنامج من البرامج التلفزيونية ذات الطابع الخيري، وقد حاولنا في هذه الدراسة تسليط الضوء على القيّم والسلوكيات التي يعززها داخل المجتمع العربي، وذلك من طريق تحليل جميع الحلقات التي تم بثها في الموسم الثالث والتي قدر عددها بـ(30) حلقة، وذلك بالاعتماد على منهج تحليل المحتوى الكمي والكيفي، ويعد برنامج "قلبي إطمأن" من بين البرامج التي حققت مشاهدة كبيرة أثناء شهر رمضان داخل الوطن العربي، بحيث عرف رواجاً كبيراً عبر مختلف مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي ووسائل الإعلام التقليدية، وتقوم فكرة البرنامج على التنقل بين البلدان العربية وتقديم يد المساعدة لمختلف الفئات المهمشة التي تعاني من الفقر والبطالة والمرض واللجوء السياسي وغيرها من المشكلات الاجتماعية، وسنحاول من طريق هذه الدراسة الوقوف على أبرز القيّم الإيجابية التي ساهم البرنامج في تعزيزها بين أفراد المجتمع العربي، ومعرفة أبرز الأهداف الظاهرة والخفية من الرسالة الإعلامية التي يقدمها في ظل الأوضاع السياسية والاجتماعية والاقتصادية التي يمر بها المجتمع العربي.
الإنزياح في فخار بلاد الرافدين
Authors: Al-Obaidi Mohammed Jassim 
Published: June 2021

من العلوم الحديثة والتي عملت في ساحة الايديولوجيات الثقافية والعلمية والفنية والأكاديمية، والتي بدأت تغطي الساحة من حولنا شخوصها ودلالاتها ورموزها وتقنياتها المتقاطعة في مطلع القرن العشرين "نظرية الانزياح" والتي حملت في محركاتها المرجعيات الثقافية التي بدأت تجتاز مراحل مهمة في معظم الفنون المعاصرة ومنها الفنون التشكيلية بصورة عامة وفنون الخزف بصورة خاصة، وبالرغم من وجود العديد من البدائل لكن تلك النظرية "الانزياحية" أخذت تتحكم في البنى الداخلية للأعمال الفخارية، باتجاه يبرز العمل الفخاري والخزفي على وجه التحديد، ولاسيما الأعمال الفخارية الرافدينية القديمة هذا المنتج المتراكم والشاهد على فعل كل المنجزات المثيرة، والتي أصبحت تلك الأعمال فاعلة منذ القدم ولحين استدعائها إلى المعاصرة وبدورها تسهم في توجيه الخطى في المسار الصحيح, وتصبح واحدة من اهتمامات الفكر المعاصر.
والذي بدأ في نظام من الأنظمة السائدة بلغة فنية وممكنة التجريب لتأخذ صورة من التكامل في هذا الحقل الذي يرسي قواعد تلك النظرية والتي بلغت شأناً كبيراً في بدايات القرن العشرين وما زالت تلك الخطى حثيثة ومهمة بالنتاجات الفنية والتي تزداد بشكل ملحوظ لتلبي متطلبات الفن، وبدأ الانتاج الفني يزداد بإطراد – كان النصيب الأوفى من الفن المعاصر مكرساً لتلبية الذوق العام السائد ولم يكن يملك خصائص البقاء طويلاً.
الدلالات الرمزية للزي في المسرح الشرقي المهابهاراتا انموذجاً
Authors: Ahmed Aseel Laith 
Published: June 2021

يعد الزي للمسرح الشرقي في خطاب العرض، الحامل المتنوع في ماهية الشكل تتجه العلاقات المتبادلة على مستوى انتاج الصورة البصرية، وتشكل الدلالة الرمزية في توصيل مضامين متنوعة للتركيب الداخلي للزي وتعميق الجانب التعبيري، كما ان اللون يساهم في اعطاء خصوصية فنية في تحديد وتعميق الخصائص الجوهرية للزي عن طريق تصميم وتجانس بين مختلف العلاقات والوظائف وعليه فقد جاء بحثناالموسوم (الدلالات الرمزية للزي في المسرح الشرقي (المهابهاراتا) انموذجا)بأربعةفصول:-
الفصل الاول: تضمن عرض لمشكلة البحث والحاجة اليه واهمية واهداف البحث وقد تم تحديد المصطلحات التي وردت في البحث.
الفصل الثاني: تضمن الاطار النظري وقد جاء الاطار النظري بمبحثين : المبحث الاول تحت عنوان (تاريخية الزي في المسرح الشرقي) والمبحث الثاني ( الاشتغال الرمزي للزي المسرحي) ومن ثم الخروج بمؤشرات ما اسفر عنه الاطار النظري.
الفصل الثالث: تضمن عرض لاجراءات البحث وتم تحديد عينة قصدية بما يتلائم مع البحث.
الفصل الرابع: تضمن عرض لاهم نتائج البحث.
ختم البحث بقائمة اهم المصادر والمراجع باللغة العربية والانكليزية.
موقف المحدثين من الفكر النحوي الاستشراقي
Authors: Nimea Firdous Talb 
Published: June 2021

إنّ للدراسات الاستشراقية في العصر الحديث أثرها البيّن في الدارسين للغة العربية من المختصين بدراستها في مختلف علومها، ومن بينها الدراسة النحوية؛ لما فيها من أفكار ودفعت الباحثين العرب إلى قراءة النحو العربي قراءة جديدة توافق بين المعطيات العلمية الحديثة من جهة، وتدافع عن التراث العربي من سهام آراء المستشرقين التي تهدف إلى تجريد الأمة من لغتها لغة القرآن الكريم.
وفي هذا البحث سنحاول رصد ثلاث اتجاهات مختلفة في دراسة النحو العربي، الاتجاه الأوّل يميل الى التعصب للقديم في آرائه ومثلت هذا الاتجاه الدكتورة خديجة الحديثي، والاتجاه الثاني تأثر بآراء المستشرقين ومثل هذا الاتجاه الدكتور ابراهيم السامرائي، والرأي الثالث مثله الدكتور علي أبو المكارم الذي خط لنفسه منهجا مختلفا في دراسة النحو العربي. وهؤلاء الثلاثة في اعتقادي يبينون مواقف الدرس النحوي الحديث من أثر الاستشراق.
وجاء هذا البحث في ثلاثة مطالب: الأوّل: موقفهم من المدارس النحوية، أمّا الثاني: فكان عن موقفهم
من اصول النحو العربي (القياس والسماع).، أمّا المطلب الثالث فكان عن تيسير النحو العربي عندهم.
ولعلّ اهم النتائج التي توصل إليها هذا البحث أنّ الاستشراق لم يترك أثرا واضحا على الدكتورة خديجة الحديثي والدكتور علي أبو المكارم بخلاف الدكتور إبراهيم السامرائي.