bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the Impact of Digital Components Across Different Phases of Treatment in a Blended Care Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention for Depression and Anxiety: Pragmatic Retrospective Study
Authors: Wu Monica S , Wickham Robert E , Chen Shih-Yin , Chen Connie , Lungu Anita 
Published: December 2021

Background
Depression and anxiety incur significant personal and societal costs. Effective psychotherapies exist, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT); however, timely access to quality care is limited by myriad barriers. Blended care therapy models incorporate traditional face-to-face therapy with scalable, digital components of care, expanding the reach of evidence-based care.

Objective
The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of a blended care CBT program (BC-CBT) in real-world settings and examine the unique impacts of the (1) digital components of care (video lessons and digital exercises) and (2) phase of treatment (early versus late) in decreasing symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Methods
This retrospective cohort analysis included 3401 US-based individuals enrolled in a BC-CBT program, who presented with clinical levels of depression and/or anxiety. The treatment program consisted of regular therapy sessions augmented by clinician-assigned digital video lessons and exercises. A growth curve model incorporating time-varying covariates examined the relationship between engagement with BCT components (ie, therapy sessions, digital video lessons, and digital exercises) during the early (weeks 0-7) and late (weeks 8-15) phases of treatment, and weekly symptom reports on depression and anxiety measures.

Results
On average, a significant decline in depression and anxiety symptoms was observed during the initial weeks of treatment (P<.001), with a continued, though slower, decline over subsequent weeks (P<.001). Each session completed was associated with significant decreases in anxiety (b=–0.72) and depression (b=–0.83) in the early phase, as well as in the late phase (anxiety, b=–0.47; depression, b=–0.27). Significant decreases in anxiety (b=–0.15) and depression (b=–0.12) were observed for time spent on video lessons (measured in 10-minute intervals) in the early phase of treatment. Engaging with exercises was associated with statistically significant increases in anxiety symptoms (b=0.03) during the early phase of treatment. However, sensitivity analyses examining the effects of exercises in isolation revealed significant decreases in anxiety (b=–0.05) in the early phase, suggesting a potential suppression effect in the larger model.

Conclusions
Using a retrospective cohort design, therapy sessions and digital video lessons were uniquely predictive of improvements in depression and anxiety symptoms, and their effects were modulated based on the phase of treatment (early vs late). Future research should investigate whether other treatment variables, such as therapeutic alliance or familiarity with technology, are related to differential effects on various components of care.
Preferences for Mobile-Supported e-Cigarette Cessation Interventions Among Young Adults: Qualitative Descriptive Study
Authors: Huma Zil E , Struik Laura , Bottorff Joan L , Hasan Mohammad Khalad 
Published: December 2021

Background
Despite the steady rise in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) uptake among young adults, increasingly more young people want to quit. Given the popularity of smartphones among young adults, mobile-based e-cigarette cessation interventions hold significant promise. Smartphone apps are particularly promising due to their varied and complex capabilities to engage end users. However, evidence around young adults’ preferences and expectations from an e-cigarette cessation smartphone app remains unexplored.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to take an initial step toward understanding young adults’ preferences and perceptions on app-based e-cigarette cessation interventions.

Methods
Using a qualitative descriptive approach, we interviewed 12 young adults who used e-cigarettes and wanted to quit. We inductively derived themes using the framework analysis approach and NVivo 12 qualitative data analysis software.

Results
All participants agreed that a smartphone app for supporting cessation was desirable. In addition, we found 4 key themes related to their preferences for app components: (1) flexible personalization (being able to enter and modify goals); (2) e-cigarette behavior tracking (progress and benefits of quitting); (3) safely managed social support (moderated and anonymous); and (4) positively framed notifications (encouraging and motivational messages). Some gender-based differences indicate that women were more likely to use e-cigarettes to cope with stress, preferred more aesthetic tailoring in the app, and were less likely to quit cold turkey compared with men.

Conclusions
The findings provide direction for the development and testing of app-based e-cigarette cessation interventions for young adults.
Kondisi stres pada karyawan mempengaruhi tingkat konsumsi gula sederhana dan natrium
Authors: Ayuningtyas Cita Eri , Utami Nurul Putrie , Hariyono Widodo , Natalina Retno 
Published: December 2021

Stress in work staff influenced simple sugar and sodium intakeBackground: Stress is a condition that occurs to individual experiences a burden of a problem that can not solve there for lead to an unspecific response from the body. One of the causes of stress is the load of work. Stress caused by work could lead to obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Change of behavior during stress like eating behavior cause of changing appetite on the individual.Objective: This research was aimed to analyze simple glucose and sodium intake during stress in staff.Method: This was a cross-sectional research design. A total of 125 subjects were chosen by purposive random sampling. The subject was the educational staff of Universitas Ahmad Dahlan. Data was collected as identity, nutrition intake used the Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQFFQ), and stress level used Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) questionnaire. The statistical test used the Chi-Square test.Results: There is no significant difference between a simple sugar and sodium intake to stress level (p>0.05). The average of simple sugar and sodium intake classified as normal as much as 56.49±77.20 g for simple sugar intake and as much as 653.30±464.55 mg for sodium derived from food ingredients added salt and preservative foods. Data characteristic showed that the nutritional status of 40,8% of the staff was overweight and obese. Conclusions: There is no significant difference between stress level and simple sugar and sodium intake.
El límite material de la sustancia química
Authors: Chamizo José Antonio 
Published: December 2021

La química tal y como la conocemos hoy es un sistema de prácticas científicas, experimentales, estabilizadas y enseñadas de la misma manera en la mayoría de los países. La química es heredera de una multitud de oficios que coinciden en transformar y crear nuevas sustancias. Aquí se discute el límite material de la sustancia química, ejemplificado a través del carbono, particularmente del experimento de difracción del C60. Con ello se intentará precisar el concepto de sustancia química y su relevancia en la discusión filosófica actual.
RELAÇÃO DE UNIDADES DE AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR DA COSTA OESTE PARANAENSE COM O NOVO RURAL BRASILEIRO
Authors: Serafim Junior Valdir , Maria de Grandi Adriana , Besen Fabíola Graciele , Coltre Sandra Maria 
Published: December 2021

A agricultura familiar tem grande importância no crescimento do país e para a segurança alimentar, porém, com as mudanças sofridas pelo meio rural nas últimas décadas, ela vem sofrendo transformações em vários aspectos. O objetivo do estudo é identificar as características de unidades familiares localizadas na região da Costa Oeste do Paraná, em relação aos membros residentes e suas relações com o novo rural brasileiro. Esta pesquisa caracteriza-se como um estudo descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa e fontes secundárias extraídas do banco de dados dos relatórios do “Projeto de Agricultura Orgânica na BP3”, trabalho conduzido e desenvolvido pela Biolabore - Cooperativa de Trabalho e Assistência Técnica do Paraná, em conjunto com a Itaipu Binacional. As informações foram extraídas dos relatórios de 200 unidades de agricultura familiar. Identificou-se a ocorrência de pequenas famílias, em média com 3 membros residentes e parcela considerável de unidades onde somente residem o casal. Com relação a faixa etária, verificou-se que os membros residentes estão concentrados entre as faixas de 30 a 59 anos com 49,3%, e uma significativa presença de jovens até 19 anos (25,3%) e membros mais idosos com idade superior a 60 anos (7,5%). A taxa de analfabetismo é considerada baixa, porém com grande concentração de membros com ensino fundamental incompleto nas faixas etárias mais elevadas, indicando atraso educacional dos mais velhos e a formação educacional mais elevada está relacionada aos mais novos. Identificou-se que os membros residentes mais velhos são casados e dedicam mais tempo e mão de obra a propriedade, os mais jovens são solteiros, podendo constituir vínculo familiar fora do eixo rural, dedicando menos tempo as atividades agrícolas. Existe homogeneidade de variâncias entres as médias de idade e dias dedicados a propriedade entre os homens e as mulheres e indícios de pluriatividade nas unidades estudadas. Constatou-se que 65,9% dos membros residentes não possuem renda extra agrícola, entre os membros com este tipo de renda, (20,4%) a fonte advinda de aposentadorias é a principal, seguida pelas diversas outras funções desempenhadas pelos agricultores fora de sua propriedade que lhes rendem remuneração e 26,7% concentram-se na faixa entre 1 e 2 salários-mínimos que contribuem para a ampliação da renda familiar. Como trabalhos futuros, sugere-se o levantamento das potencialidades locais para a identificação de oportunidades e renda.
Profit Calculation in a Late 14th Century Sole Proprietorship: The Case of Francesco Datini
Authors: Kuter Mikhail , Baker Charles Richard , Gurskaya Marina 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
This paper examines the Profit on merchandise accounts (a forerunner of the income statement) in a sole proprietorship in Pisa that officially operated between 1386 and 1392, but took several months to finally end its activities, which it did in 1393. The Profit on merchandise account was where the balance on each goods account was transferred when all the items recorded in it were sold. The principal contribution of this paper is the identification of a unique approach to medieval product costing that ensured indirect expenses on merchandise were recovered from customers when sales took place, while earning an average return of over 10 percent on those costs. It also highlights the problems encountered when working with archival material that has deteriorated over time; and presents a research method that reconstructs missing data using the trail to original entries and contra entries recorded in double entry.
Mechanical Stability and Proteolytic Activity of Resin–dentin Bonds Using the Cross-linked Dry Bonding Technique
Authors: Citta M , Anovazzi G , Basso FG , Scheffel DLS , Zhou J , Pashley DH , Souza Costa CA , Hebling J 
Published: December 2021

SUMMARYObjectiveTo evaluate the mechanical stability and the proteolytic activity of bonds created by a two-step, etch-and-rinse adhesive applied to cross-linked and air-dried etched dentin.MethodsFlat dentin surfaces were produced in 64 extracted sound human molars. The dentin was etched with 35% phosphoric acid for 15 seconds, and then the teeth were divided into groups according to the cross-linking solution applied on the etched dentin. Group 1: 5% grape seed extract (GSE), Group 2: 5% glutaraldehyde, Group 3: Gluma Desensitizer, or Group 4: deionized water (control). Solutions were applied for 60 seconds, followed by rinse and blot drying. Then, the teeth were separated into two subgroups where the etched dentin was kept moist or air-dried. The adhesive was applied followed by a composite resin buildup. After 24 hours, the teeth were cut into beams (0.81 mm²) that were tested for microtensile strength immediately or after 12 months of aging in a 37°C saliva-like buffer. Additional teeth (n=32) were bonded as described and cut into 0.5-mm-thick slabs. The slabs were prepared for nanoleakage (scanning electron microscopy) and in situ zymography (EnzChek Protease Assay Kit). Bond strength data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests (α =0.05).ResultsSignificant reduction in immediate bond strength (ca 65%) and increase in proteolytic activity was seen when the etched dentin was air dried without previous cross-linking biomodification. Conversely, bond strengths did not differ from those produced on wet dentin when collagen was cross-linked before air drying, irrespective of the solution applied. For both moist and air-dried etched dentin, collagen cross-linking resulted in mechanically stable bonds and reduced proteolytic activity after 12 months of storage.ConclusionBonds produced by the application of a two-step, etch-and-rinse adhesive to cross-linked, air-dried, etched dentin were mechanically stable and revealed reduced proteolytic activity after 1 year of aging.
Challenging the Concept that OptiBond FL and Clearfil SE Bond in NCCLs Are Gold Standard Adhesives: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Dreweck FDS , Burey A , de Oliveira Dreweck M , Fernandez E , Loguercio AD , Reis A 
Published: December 2021

SUMMARY

Purpose
The following PICO (Patient/Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcomes) question was proposed: “Are retention rates of composite resin restorations in noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs) when using adhesives considered “gold standard” (OptiBond FL and Clearfil SE Bond) higher than those obtained with other adhesives brands”?

Methods
A search was performed in February 2019 (updated in November 2019) in the PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, BBO, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Grey Literature, and IADR abstracts (1990–2018); unpublished and ongoing trial registries, dissertations, and theses were also searched. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) conducted in NCCLs that compared either OptiBond FL or Clearfil SE Bond adhesive with other commercially available adhesives were included. The risk of bias (RoB) was applied by using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. A meta-analysis was performed for retention rates at different follow-up times using a random effects model for both the adhesives. Heterogeneity was assessed with the Cochran Q test and I2 statistics. Grading of Recommendations: Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) assessed the quality of evidence.

Results
After removal of duplicates and noneligible articles, 25 studies remained for qualitative synthesis, as one study was common to the two adhesives, of which 9 studies were used for the OptiBond FL meta-analysis and 14 for the Clearfil SE Bond meta-analysis. No significant differences were observed for retention rates in follow-up periods of 12–24 months (p=0.97), 36–48 months (p=0.72), or 108–156 months (p=0.73) for OptiBond FL; and for 12–24 months (p=0.10) and 36–48 months (p=0.17) for Clearfil SE Bond. A significant difference was only found for OptiBond FL at 60–96 months (p=0.02), but only three studies were included in this meta-analysis.

Conclusions
The evidence from available RCTs conducted in NCCLs that compared OptiBond FL or Clearfil SE Bond does not support the widespread concept that these adhesives are better than any other competitive brands available in the dental market.
O ENSINO DE QUÍMICA COMO UNIDADE DIALÉTICA ENTRE OS NÍVEIS MACROSCÓPICOS E SUBMICROSCÓPICOS: para além do triângulo do Johnstone
Authors: De Souza Silva Caio , Da Silva Messeder Neto Hélio 
Published: December 2021

No ensino de química há uma adoção quase que hegemônica das ideias do professor Alex Johnstone sobre os três níveis representacionais do conhecimento químico, os quais ficaram conhecidos como triângulo de Johnstone: macroscópico, submicroscópico e simbólico. Nesse sentido, muitos trabalhos tomam essa ideia como embasamento quase que natural e focalizam o debate na forma de torná-lo didático, deixando em segundo plano discussões epistemológicas necessárias. No entanto, este trabalho tem como objetivo contribuir com a crítica ao triângulo de Johnstone e promover uma discussão que gere uma nova compreensão da realidade sobre os níveis do conhecimento químico através da perspectiva do materialismo histórico-dialético e da psicologia histórico-cultural. Esses fundamentos nos levaram a propor que a química se fundamenta na unidade dialética entre dois níveis da realidade, o macroscópico e submicroscópico, mediados pela representação. Além disso, apontamos princípios da prática pedagógica para que a nossa concepção pudesse ganhar materialidade para o campo do ensino de química.
Kto się boi współczesności albo smutny dokument epoki
Authors: Waligóra Janusz 
Published: December 2021

The article presents an educational project inspired by Antoni Słonimski’s poem Document of the Era (Dokument epoki). Preserving and showing the picture of the present – as Słonimski did – is perceived here as a record of the contemporary world. At the same time it is the act of creative selection and configuration of elements that make up the world’s identity and image. Such a synthesis and assembly of pictures become a form of evaluation of the present, a testimony of the anxiety about the directions of its evolution and an expression of distance from what is dangerous and bad.
In this project the accent falls on the interpretation of Słonimski’s poem (and other cultural texts) as well as creative activities which use various codes and materials of artistic message. Aside from the doing s presented, but still closely connected, appears a reflection on the current Core Curriculum. This departmental dokument is also treated as a very important, yet not very glorious, testimony of the era.
„Kocha, lubi, szanuje – nie chce, nie dba, żartuje”... Uczeń klasy pierwszej liceum i technikum w relacji do lektury obowiązkowej w szkole podstawowej (raport z diagnozy)
Authors: Grzegórzek Mirosław 
Published: December 2021

The article presents the results of a survey (concerning the reading experience of the canon) conducted among students of four first grades of secondary school (one grade of high school divided into elementary and advanced levels, and three classes of technical secondary school).
The research was part of the initial diagnosis of the first and second year of graduates of the reformed primary school at the threshold of secondary school (in 2019/2020 and 2020/2021). Students declared reading compulsory reading books in grades 7–8 of primary school according to the scale: I have read all / excerpts / abstract / not at all / don’t remember.
The results show not only the respondents’ reading preferences, but also their specific strategies of “acquiring” the content of the obligatory texts and their attitude towards compulsory reading in general. They also allow to pose questions about the literary competences of the graduates of the reformed elementary school at the start of the next stage of education. Scientific studies in the field of reading were used as a context, including the latest results of surveys among teachers on reading books by elementary school students prepared by Gdańskie Wydawnictwo Oświatowe (2020).
Prolegómeno al concepto de Corrupción a Gran Escala: disertaciones desde la base social hacia su tipificación
Authors: Garcés Medrano Alex , Duarte Tirson Mauricio , Mambuscay Burbano Juan David 
Published: December 2021

Conceptuar el término de corrupción a nivel genérico ha suscitado diversas manifestaciones por parte de la doctrina, por medio de la cual se ha identificado el riesgo que surge a partir de esta, máxime cuando se traslada a gran escala, comprendiendo ello una afectación a las instituciones estatales así como también a su legitimidad. Situación que se ve reflejada en la configuración del acto corrupto en sí mismo, y en la incidencia que la consumación de este tiene a nivel público, al igual que en la esfera de lo privado, impacto que puede verse reflejado a través de los obstáculos sistematizados que atraviesan los Estados en la materialización de la función pública.
De este modo, y a partir de su categorización, surge la corrupción a gran escala como una variante del fenómeno de acto corrupto per se, fungiendo así como una amenaza al aparato estatal, esto es, al poder público, toda vez que el desarrollo de esta comprende dentro de sí la posibilidad de la comisión de una mayor variedad de conductas punibles por parte de sus actores. Ahora bien, es importante resaltar que la identificación, que se ha realizado previamente de tal figura, ha sido insuficiente, no en vano la tipificación de esta conducta a nivel legislativo, a partir de elementos únicamente técnico-administrativos, representa cierta ignorancia en lo que a las prácticas de carácter deliberativo, por parte de los sujetos al interior de los regímenes democráticos, se refiere.
Por tal razón, la presente investigación tiene por objetivo la recopilación de los elementos teóricos que pueden encontrarse en torno a la Corrupción a Gran Escala, fundamentándose para ello de forma enfática en el estado de la cuestión, para luego, realizar un análisis exhaustivo de los factores que resultan fundamentales al interior de la teoría de la acción comunicativa, comprendida como piedra angular de la deliberación en sociedad, para, finalmente, instaurar un planteamiento de oportunidades que la Corrupción a Gran Escala brinda de cara al fortalecimiento de la democracia.