bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between the Food Store Environment and Race, Ethnicity, Income and Health
Authors: Racine Elizabeth , Wang Qingfang , Laditka Sarah 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundA lack of healthy food stores is associated with obesity and a high proportion of Black residents.ObjectivesTo examine the distribution and concentration of 721 food stores in a large urban county in the Southeastern U.S. We also examine how the presence and concentration of stores and types of stores are related to race/ethnicity, income, and premature heart disease and diabetes mortality.Design and MethodsCross sectional analysis using census block groups, or neighborhoods. Zero‐inflated negative binomial and ordinal least square regression examined the relationship between the availability of certain types of food stores, the ratio between non‐full service stores that accept Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits in relation to full service stores that accept SNAP benefits (SNAP store ratio), and demographic and health characteristics.ResultsNearly two‐thirds of neighborhoods did not include a full service food store; 60 of which were defined as food deserts. Neighborhoods with higher proportions of Hispanics or Asians were associated with having more food stores. Each additional full service food store was associated with a decrease in 23 per 100,000 premature heart disease deaths. An increase in the ratio SNAP store ratio was associated with an increase in 18 per 100,000 premature deaths to heart disease.ConclusionsNeighborhood access to nutritious food is important, especially for low‐income communities. Since many residents of low‐income neighborhoods are SNAP participants, the types of foods offered at SNAP approved stores may affect their health.This study was funded by the Mecklenburg County, NC Health Department
Broccosprout® Extract Inhibits the Nasal Allergic Response to Diesel Exhaust Particles in Atopic Individuals
Authors: Wong Angela , Li Zhaoping , Garcia‐Lloret Maria , Lee Amy , Zerlin Alona , Rahnama Nancy , Zhang Yanjun , Thames Gail , Nel Andre , Heber David 
Published: June 2021

Oxidant stress is a factor in the development of allergic sensitization and asthma by triggering an inflammatory response. Well‐characterized Diesel Exhaust Particles (DEP) have been shown in vitro and in animals to induce inflammatory and pro‐allergic effects that can be abrogated by antioxidants, but this has not been demonstrated in humans. In phase 1 of this clinical study, a suspension containing a small amount of DEP was administered intranasally in 19 atopic human subjects with known cat allergy, inducing an inflammatory response in 14 subjects characterized by increased neutrophil cell counts >10K/ml3 in the nasal washing fluid 24 hours after DEP challenge. Sulforaphane (SFN) in broccoli is a potent inducer of phase II enzymes and antioxidant response via activation of Nrf2. To test whether broccoli sprout extract (Broccosprout®; BSE) could inhibit the inflammatory response caused by DEP, 14 subjects responding to DEP challenge in phase 1 entered phase 2 of the study after a 4 week washout. BSE was administered as a single oral AM dose (>100 μmol/g SFN diluted with mango juice) daily for 4 days. DEP challenge was carried out before and after BSE consumption. After DEP exposure average cell count increased 235.9±83.7% (p=0.02) at 24 h, but no significant increases were seen in cell count after 4 days of oral BSE administration (1.7±41.5%, p=0.02). BSE effects on a panel of cytokines in the nasal washes are being evaluated. These studies provide a model in which preventive and therapeutic strategies targeting asthma and allergic diseases can be developed based on the inhibition of oxidant stress through the action of phytochemicals such as SFN.Research Supported by the UCLA Asthma Center NIH Grant No. 1 U19‐AI 070453.
Almond skin reduces oxidative stress and inflammation in an experimental model of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Mandalari Giuseppina , Genovese Tiziana , Bisignano Carlo , Mazzon Emanuela , Di Paola Rosanna , Bisignano Giuseppe , Cuzzocrea Salvatore 
Published: June 2021

Almond polyphenols, mainly localized in the skin, have been previously shown to have a number of beneficial health effects. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of natural almond skin powder (NS) in mice subjected to experimental colitis. Colitis was induced in mice by intracolonic instillation of dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS), and NS was administered daily orally (30 mg/kg).Immunohistochemistry for i‐NOS nitrotyrosine and poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) showed an intense staining in the inflamed colon. Treatment with NS significantly reduced the appearance of diarrhea and the loss of body weight. This was associated with a significant reduction in colonic MPO activity.The results of this study suggested that administration of NS may be beneficial for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.This work has been funded by the Almond Board of California.
Light‐load resistance exercise increases and prolongs the elevation in myofibrillar protein synthesis rate in human skeletal muscle induced by continuous protein feeding
Authors: Holm Lars , Bechshoeft Rasmus , Dideriksen Kasper J , Reitelseder Soeren , Kjaer Michael 
Published: June 2021

We determined the effect of light‐load resistance exercise (LL‐RE) on the prolonged stimulatory effect of orally ingested protein on myofibrillar protein fractional synthesis rate (myoFSR). Ten healthy, young males were given a primed‐continuous infusion of 13C‐leucine in the overnight fasted state. The subjects performed 10 sets of 36 unilateral knee extensions at 16% of one‐repetition maximum while the contralateral leg remained rested. Hereafter, 11 hourly repeated boluses of 10% 13C‐leucine labelled milk protein was ingested each containing 0.1 g protein·kg−1 lean body mass. Frequent blood samples and five biopsies from each vastus lateralis muscle were obtained at 30, 180, 330, 480 and 630 min post exercise. Leucine tracer enrichments in myofibrillar protein as well as in muscle free amino acid were measured as well as plasma amino acid concentrations. The repeated protein ingestion increased plasma leucine and essential amino acids as a mean across the 10‐hr period by 39±9 and 32±5%, respectively compared to fasting, basal state (p<0.05). LL‐RE improved myoFSR compared to rest in the protein‐fed state (p<0.05) and an exercise‐time interaction tended to appear (p=0.08), demonstrating that the myoFSR dropped after 480 min in the resting muscle only. In conclusion, brief contractions prolong and further improve the amino acid stimulated elevation of myofibrillar protein synthesis rate.Research funding: Danish Medical Research Council.
Eat the rainbow! Evaluation of a short‐term school‐based nutrition intervention
Authors: Miller Elizabeth , Spence Marsha 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo test if differences existed among 3 modes of intervention on fruit (F) & vegetable (V) liking, the mean number of Fs & Vs ever eaten, FV preference, & self‐efficacy to consume Fs & Vs using a short‐term intervention (3 weeks).MethodsThis study used a convenience sample, pre‐ & post‐test, quasi‐experimental design with 3 study schools, experiential (E) (nutrition education, taste tests, and learning activity), conventional (CONV) (nutrition education and learning activity) & control (C) (learning activity only). Students in grades 3–5 completed a FV survey pre‐ & post‐intervention. Analysis consisted of repeated measures MANOVA to compare the mean pre‐ & post‐scores for Fs & Vs ever eaten, liking & preferences & self‐efficacy to consume Fs & Vs.ResultsThere were no significant differences for FV liking, preferences, or self‐efficacy. However, there was a significant increase in the mean number of Fs & Vs ever eaten pre‐ & post‐intervention (p=0.04). At the C school, the mean number of Fs & Vs eaten was 21.48 vs. 21.42, pre & post, respectively. Both the CONV school & E schools showed an increase in the mean number of Fs & Vs eaten pre‐ & post‐intervention (20.5 vs. 22.30 & 21.39 vs. 23.36, respectively).ConclusionsAlthough a short‐term intervention was unable to improve FV liking, preference, or self‐efficacy scores, both the CONV & E interventions appear to have increased the mean number of Fs & Vs eaten.Grant Funding Source: Tennessee Coordinated School Health
What do health professionals, limited‐income parents and children ages 6–11 think are practical ways to prevent childhood obesity?
Authors: Bagwell Rebecka , Wong Siew Sun 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesEvaluate 1) perception of health professionals (H), parents (P) and children (C) towards 13 childhood obesity prevention health behavioral messages, and 2) any discrepancies between perceptions among these groups.Method50 H in nutrition and 35 P‐C pairs were surveyed in a 1‐time, individual, face‐to‐face interview. Using a deck of 13 picture‐sort message cards, adult participants sorted them in 4 rounds by: 1) familiarity, 2) frequency of teaching the topic by H, or following the recommendation by P, 3) easiness to follow by H or by other families, and 4) effectiveness to prevent childhood obesity. C chose messages that their family followed. T‐tests were run to compare % between H, P, and C.ResultsH and P had similar familiarity in all 13 messages. But out of 13 messages, they differed in 8 messages that were ‘always taught/followed’; 7 messages that were ‘sometimes taught/followed’, and 2 messages that were ‘seldom or never taught/followed’ by H and P, respectively. In most messages, C's observation on what the family followed differed from what P reported following. Perception on easiness to follow 2 of 13 messages differed significantly between H and P. In round 4, H and P agreed on 12 of 13 messages.ConclusionIt is important for HP to identify practical ways to prevent childhood obesity among this audience to maximize program impact.This study was funded by USU Extension.Grant Funding Source: USU Extension
Exposure to the Chinese famine in early life and the risk of hypertension in adulthood
Authors: li yanping , Jaddoe Vincent W , Qi Lu , He Yuna , Lai Jianqiang , Wang Jiansheng , Zhang Jian , Hu Yisong , Ding Eric L , yang xiaoguang , Hu Frank B , Ma Guansheng 
Published: June 2021

Objectiveto examine the associations of early life exposure to the 1959–1961 Chinese famine with the risk of hypertension in later life, and to examine whether a nutritional ‘rich’ environment in later life modifies this association.MethodsWe used data of 7,874 adults born between 1954 and 1964 from the 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey.ResultsIn severely affected famine areas, as compared to adults who were not exposed to famine, those exposed during fetal life had a significantly higher systolic blood pressure (SBP difference 2.3 mmHg, 95%CI: 1.5–3.1, P<.0001), diastolic blood pressure (DBP difference 1.1 mmHg, 95%CI: 0.5–1.7, P=0.0003) and a marginally higher risk of hypertension (odds ratio 1.82, 95%CI: 0.97–3.40, P=0.06), which was not observed in less severely affected famine areas (P for interaction was 0.065 for SBP, 0.048 for DBP and 0.038 for hypertension). These associations were more pronounced in subjects who had a Western dietary pattern or who were overweight as adult.ConclusionOur results suggest fetal environment is associated with increased blood pressure and the risk of hypertension in adulthood. This association is stronger in subjects who have a Western dietary pattern or who are overweight as adults.
Study on transition of dietary patterns in Jiangsu province, 1989–2009, China
Authors: Yuan Baojun , Dai Yue , Luo Yazhou , Zuo Hui 
Published: June 2021

To study the longitudinal transition of dietary patterns among residents in one of the richer provinces in China, Jiangsu Province from 1989 to 2009, we used a subpopulation of adults aged 18 and older in 6 cities and counties from China Health and Nutrition Survey. Experienced physicians collected detailed dietary data by weighing method in combination with 3 consecutive 24‐hour recalls. All statistical analyses were conducted using SAS version 8.0. There were a decrease in the consumption of grain and a significant increase in animal foods. While energy and protein met the Chinese national Reference Nutrient Intake (RNI), there were marked changes in fat intake and a rapid increase in the consumption of dairy products and the proportion of energy intake from fat, mainly from vegetable oils. A reduction of the gaps in calcium intake below the Chinese RNI occurred. The prevalence of overweight and obesity (BMI≥24) among men increased almost fivefold from 9.4% in 1989 to 41.1% in 2009, with an acceleration in the annual prevalence level increase over the past decade. Hypertension over this period grew from 7.8% in men and 4.8% in women to 37.6% and 30.8% respectively in 2009. The dietary transition in Jiangsu has seen a marked shift in the sources of calories with a marked increase of dietary fat. Overweight, obesity and hypertension are increasingly prevalent.This study was supported by NIH (R01‐HD30880) and Fogarty International Center, NIH (5D43TW007709).
Comparison of dietary intake and clinical characteristics of obese with normal weight subjects
Authors: Jeon Kyeong Jin , Lee Okeui , Kim Min Soo , Han Sung Nim 
Published: June 2021

Obesity contributes to increased risk for chronic diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer. Prevalence of obesity has been increasing in Korea. We compared characteristics of obese (n=30, 17 males and 13 females) with normal weight subjects (n=16, 8 males and 8 females). Clinical parameters including lipid profiles, FBS, blood pressure, and serum free fatty acid (FFA) were determined. Dietary intake was estimated using food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and 3‐day dietary record. Exercise pattern and alcohol intake were determined through individual interviews. Average BMI was 28.3 in obese group and 21.2 in normal weight group. Obese group had significantly higher serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride compared with normal weight group. HDL cholesterol level was significantly lower in obese group. There was no significant difference in FBS between two groups. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly higher in obese group. Serum FFA level tended to be higher in obese group (p=0.075). Female had significantly higher levels of serum FFA. No significant difference in caloric intake was observed between two groups. Carbohydrate, protein, and fat intakes were not significantly different. Frequency and amount of exercise did not differ between two groups. Obese group consumed significantly more alcohol. Results from this study confirm that excessive weight is associated with disturbance in lipid metabolism. Dietary factors contributing to obesity was not identified, but, excessive alcohol consumption does seem to be an important contributing factor.Supported by the Korea Research Foundation grant funded by the Korea government (KRF‐2009‐0068320).
Study on relationship between dietary sodium intake and hypertension in Heilongjiang residents
Authors: Liu Shumei , Qin Aiping , Zhang Yaxu 
Published: June 2021

To explore the relationship between dietary sodium intake and hypertension and provide scientific evidence on hypertension intervention, we used a subpopulation of 1,254 subjects aged 18–65 years old in Heilongjiang province from an ongoing longitudinal study, China Health and Nutrition Survey. We used a stratified multistage cluster sampling scheme to randomly select two cities and four counties in Heilongjiang province. Experienced physicians collected detailed diet data and measured blood pressures. The prevalence of hypertension increased from 25.0% in 2004 to 28.0% in 2009. Added salt intake decreased slightly from 7.6 g/day to 7.4 g/day; however this was offset by an increased sodium intake from 3.6 d/day to 3.8 g/day. One key change was the significant increase in processed food consumption from 60.5 g/day to 70.4 g/day. The increased prevalence of hypertension is much more rapid and has attained a much higher level in Heilongjiang than in other areas in China. Excessive intakes of sodium and processed foods, particularly pickled vegetables, may attribute to the high prevalence of hypertension.This study was supported by NIH (R01‐HD30880) and Fogarty International Center, NIH (5D43TW007709).
Body mass index and suboptimal energy or protein intake predict risks of dialysis and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)
Authors: Chen Mei‐En , Hung Chi‐Chih , Hwang Shang‐Jyh , Chen Hung‐Chun , Huang Meng‐Chuan 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundPrognostic roles of BMI or diets for progression in CKD remain unclear.AimsWe prospectively investigated relationships between BMI and intake of energy/protein and risks of ESRD and mortality in a cohort of CKD patients with stage 3 or less in Taiwan. The median follow‐up time was 27.3 months.MethodsHigh dietary protein intake (DPI) was defined as ratio of intake/recommendation ≥110%; low dietary energy intake (DEI) was as the ratio <90%. High DPI and/or low DEI were classified as suboptimal intake.ResultsUpon adjusting for confounders, BMI 24 to 26.9 (RR=0.80), BMI≥27 (RR=0.70) had progressively lower (all p<0.05) risks of renal death or mortality than BMI<24, and suboptimal intake of either DPI or DEI (RR=1.86), suboptimal intake of both DEI and DPI (RR=2.51) showed significantly greater (all p<0.05) risks compared to the optimal counterpart based on Cox's proportional‐hazard models.ConclusionsBoth BMI and intake of energy and protein amount appear to associate with progression of CKD. Nutrition counseling may be needed for CKD patients with respect to optimal management of weight and diet.
Application of a labeled antibody for noninvasive monitoring of transplanted hepatocytes by Near‐Infrared (NIR) imaging
Authors: Stock Peggy , Weber Kristin , Ebensing Sabine , Caysa Henrike , Christ Bruno 
Published: June 2021

Technologies for in vivo imaging gain significance to monitor distribution and integration of cells for the use in cell therapies during the regeneration of diseased organs. The aim of the study was to identify NIR dyes for visualization of transplanted hepatocytes in vivo in rats. Wild type and CD26‐deficient hepatocytes and livers from wild type Fisher rats were used. A total of six dyes (DY676, 681, 776, 777, 782, 800 emission range 699–801nm) were analyzed using a multispectral imager. For quantification, the Regions‐of‐Interests (ROI) of defined mixtures of CD26‐positive and negative cells were detected. Results were verified by flow cytometry.DY676, 776, 777, 782, 800 yielded non‐specific conjugates with undefined cellular components. DY681 linked to the CD26‐antibody specifically detected CD26‐positive hepatocytes. DY681 displayed ROIs of 372, 375, 244, 102 and 9 [average signal] using defined mixtures of 100%, 85%, 50%, 15% and 0% CD26‐positive cells. Flow cytometry confirmed 99%, 78%, 56%, 21% and 0.2% CD26‐positive cells. Wildtype livers treated in situ with DY681‐CD26 antibody displayed positive signals throughout the whole organ.The DY681‐linked antibody is eligible for the non‐invasive labeling of transplanted hepatocytes. Thus, the hepatic distribution of the cells and repopulation of the liver might be observed, which helps to reduce the amount of animal experiments.
A 12 Amino Acid Peptide Reduces the Oncogenic Potential of EWS‐FLI1 in Ewing's Sarcoma
Authors: Erkizan Hayriye Verda , Jacobwitz‐Scher Lauren M , Gamble Ellen , Barber‐Rotenberg Julie , Sajwan Kamal , Uren Aykut , Toretsky Jeffrey A 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionThe EWS‐FLI1 oncogenic fusion protein is derived from a tumor‐specific t(11;22) chromosomal translocation that is uniquely expressed in Ewing's Sarcoma. We hypothesize that peptides interacting with EWS‐FLI1 can modulate protein function and improve therapies for Ewing's Sarcoma patients.MethodsPhage display peptide screening was performed by using EWS‐FLI1 as the bait.ResultsWe identified 27 unique EWS‐FLI1 binding peptides. These Ewing Sarcoma Antagonist peptides (ESAPs) were synthesized with Antennapedia and evaluated in TC32 (Ewing's Sarcoma), and SKNAS (neuroblastoma) cell lines for growth inhibition. We found that the cytotoxicity for ESAP‐1 is the most potent among other peptides. We further explored this peptide's inhibitory effect in Ewing's Sarcoma. We confirmed that ESAP‐1 peptide binds directly to EWS‐FLI1 by ELISA and Surface Plasmon Resonance. This peptide reduced the transcriptional activity of EWS‐FLI1 and interfered the cell cycle by G2M arrest.DiscussionThe ESAP‐1 peptide directly binds to the EWS‐FLI1 and leads to cell death in cells that harbor this fusion protein. This finding provides a novel experimental and potential therapeutic tool for Ewing's Sarcoma. This work is supported by Children's Cancer Foundation, Baltimore, MD
Maternal weight change at three months postpartum and postpartum breastfeeding, diet and physical activity in Mexican women
Authors: López‐Olmedo Nancy Paulina , Hernández‐Cordero Sonia , Neufeld Lynnette , García‐Guerra Armando , Mejía‐Rodríguez Fabiola , Méndez Ignacio 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo explore the association of breastfeeding, diet and physical activity with maternal weight change from the first to the third month postpartum.Material and methodsSecondary data analysis from a randomized trial in women from urban Mexico.. The information was collected in prospective form. The association of postpartum weight change and diet, physical activity and breastfeeding practices changes in the same period was assessed using generalized estimating equations.ResultsThe overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 59.5% at three months postpartum. Women who breastfed her infants exclusively until three months postpartum decreased 4.2 (1.96) kg in comparison with women who never breastfed or stop breastfeeding before three months postpartum (p<0.05).DiscussionExclusive breastfeeding can contribute to lose weight in the postpartum period, at least during the first three months. Our finding suggest that exclusive breastfeeding can reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the early postpartum.
A Central Role of PTP1B in Hyperinsulinemia‐enhanced IL‐6 Signaling in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Chang Yingzi 
Published: June 2021

AimsHyperinsulinemia is associated with increased risk of vascular restenosis after angioplasty, a process that involves an extensive inflammation caused by the procedure, which leads to smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration resulting in neointima thickening. As a major pro‐inflammatory cytokine and an early responder in vascular injury‐induced neointima thickening, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) induces motogenic effect on vascular smooth muscle cells. Attenuation of vascular injury‐induced neointima thickening was observed by blocking a key component of IL‐6 signaling, STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation. A non‐receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase, PTP1B, plays a counter‐regulatory role in injury‐induced neointima formation by inhibiting platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐induced smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation. However, the role of IL‐6 in association of hyperinsulinemia with increased risk of vascular restenosis, and the involvement of PTP1B in this process have never been studied.Methods and resultsUsing subcultured smooth muscle cells isolated from rat aorta, we found that: 1) chronic insulin treatment potentiated IL‐6‐induced smooth muscle cell migration (P<0.05) and STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation (P<0.01); 2) chronic insulin dose‐dependently suppressed the baseline expression of endogenous PTP1B (P<0.05); 3) overexpressing wild‐type PTP1B significantly attenuated whereas C215S‐PTP1B enhanced IL‐6‐induced STAT3 phsophorylation and smooth muscle cell migration.ConclusionAbovementioned results suggest that inhibition of baseline expression of PTP1B and subsequent potentiation of IL‐6‐stimulated vascular smooth muscle migration may serve as a potential mechanism for increased risk of vascular restenosis after angioplasty in patients with insulin resistance.