bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploration of the high-redshift universe enabled by THESEUS
Authors: Tanvir N. R. , Le Floc’h E. , Christensen L. , Caruana J. , Salvaterra R. , Ghirlanda G. , Ciardi B. , Maio U. , D’Odorico V. , Piedipalumbo E. , Campana S. , Noterdaeme P. , Graziani L. , Amati L. , Bagoly Z. , Balázs L. G. , Basa S. , Behar E. , De Cia A. , Valle M. Della , De Pasquale M. , Frontera F. , Gomboc A. , Götz D. , Horvath I. , Hudec R. , Mereghetti S. , O’Brien P. T. , Osborne J. P. , Paltani S. , Rosati P. , Sergijenko O. , Stanway E. R. , Szécsi D. , Tot́h L. V. , Urata Y. , Vergani S. , Zane S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAt peak, long-duration gamma-ray bursts are the most luminous sources of electromagnetic radiation known. Since their progenitors are massive stars, they provide a tracer of star formation and star-forming galaxies over the whole of cosmic history. Their bright power-law afterglows provide ideal backlights for absorption studies of the interstellar and intergalactic medium back to the reionization era. The proposed THESEUS mission is designed to detect large samples of GRBs at z > 6 in the 2030s, at a time when supporting observations with major next generation facilities will be possible, thus enabling a range of transformative science. THESEUS will allow us to explore the faint end of the luminosity function of galaxies and the star formation rate density to high redshifts; constrain the progress of re-ionisation beyond $z\gtrsim 6$
z
≳
6
; study in detail early chemical enrichment from stellar explosions, including signatures of Population III stars; and potentially characterize the dark energy equation of state at the highest redshifts.
Bernhard Riemann, the Ear, and an Atom of Consciousness
Authors: Bell Andrew , Davies Bryn , Ammari Habib 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhy did Bernhard Riemann (1826–1866), arguably the most original mathematician of his generation, spend the last year of life investigating the mechanism of hearing? Fighting tuberculosis and the hostility of eminent scientists such as Hermann Helmholtz, he appeared to forsake mathematics to prosecute a case close to his heart. Only sketchy pages from his last paper remain, but here we assemble some significant clues and triangulate from them to build a broad picture of what he might have been driving at. Our interpretation is that Riemann was a committed idealist and from this philosophical standpoint saw that the scientific enterprise was lame without the “poetry of hypothesis”. He believed that human thought was fundamentally the dynamics of “mind-masses” and that the human mind interpenetrated, and became part of, the microscopic physical domain of the cochlea. Therefore, a full description of hearing must necessarily include the perceptual dimensions of what he saw as a single manifold. The manifold contains all the psychophysical aspects of hearing, including the logarithmic transformations that arise from Fechner’s law, faithfully preserving all the subtle perceptual qualities of sound. For Riemann, hearing was a unitary physical and mental event, and parallels with modern ideas about consciousness and quantum biology are made. A unifying quantum mechanical model for an atom of consciousness—drawing on Riemann’s mind-masses and the similar “psychons” proposed by Eccles—is put forward.
Error Estimates of a Continuous Galerkin Time Stepping Method for Subdiffusion Problem
Authors: Yan Yuyuan , Egwu Bernard A. , Liang Zongqi , Yan Yubin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA continuous Galerkin time stepping method is introduced and analyzed for subdiffusion problem in an abstract setting. The approximate solution will be sought as a continuous piecewise linear function in time t and the test space is based on the discontinuous piecewise constant functions. We prove that the proposed time stepping method has the convergence order $$O(\tau ^{1+ \alpha }), \, \alpha \in (0, 1)$$

O

(

τ

1
+
α

)

,

α
∈

(
0
,
1
)

for general sectorial elliptic operators for nonsmooth data by using the Laplace transform method, where $$\tau $$
τ
is the time step size. This convergence order is higher than the convergence orders of the popular convolution quadrature methods (e.g., Lubich’s convolution methods) and L-type methods (e.g., L1 method), which have only $$O(\tau )$$

O
(
τ
)

convergence for the nonsmooth data. Numerical examples are given to verify the robustness of the time discretization schemes with respect to data regularity.
Perceptions of Spiritual Dryness in Iran During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Büssing Arndt , Kerdar Sara Hamideh , Akbari Mohammad Esmaeil , Rassouli Maryam 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study addresses perceptions of spiritual dryness (a specific form of spiritual struggle) during the COVID-19 pandemic among Iranian Muslims (n = 362), and how these perceptions can be predicted. Spiritual dryness was perceived often to regularly by 27% and occasionally by 35%. Regression models revealed that the best predictors of spiritual dryness (SDS-7) were usage of mood-enhancing medications, loneliness/social isolation and praying as positive predictors, and being restricted in daily life concerns as negative predictor. The pandemic challenges mental stability of people worldwide and may also challenge trust in God. Reliable and humble support of people experiencing these phases is required.
Architecture students and research courses: are they aligned? Students’ attitude towards research courses
Authors: Jansen S. J. T. , Boumeester H. J. F. M. , Rooij R. M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractResearch courses are part of many higher education curricula. However, students’ attitudes towards statistics and research courses tend to be negative. One way to measure students’ attitude is with the Revised-Attitudes Towards Research scale (R-ATR). The current study examined: (1) the internal reliability of the R-ATR, (2) the attitude of Dutch second-year architecture students towards research courses, and (3) whether attitude is related to age and gender. It was found that the R-ATR has good internal reliability and that Dutch second-year architecture students’ attitude towards research courses is reasonably favorable. Students generally acknowledge the usefulness of research courses and do not feel anxious, but find them stressful and difficult to some extent and do not enjoy them. Further analyses showed three types of students: relaxed students, virtuous students and worried students, who each require a different approach to improving their attitude towards research courses. No relationship emerged between attitude and age or gender, but female students considered research courses somewhat more useful. Providing a research-friendly, enjoyable, and supportive environment might improve students’ attitude towards research courses.
Does the lack of root hairs alter root system architecture of Zea mays?
Authors: Lippold Eva , Phalempin Maxime , Schlüter Steffen , Vetterlein Doris 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsRoot hairs are one root trait among many which enables plants to adapt to environmental conditions. How different traits are coordinated and whether some are mutually exclusive is currently poorly understood. Comparing a root hair defective mutant with its corresponding wild-type, we explored if and how the mutant exhibited root growth adaptation strategies and how dependent this was on substrate.MethodsZea maysroot hair defective mutant (rth3) and the corresponding wild-type siblings were grown under well-watered conditions on two substrates with contrasting texture and hence nutrient mobility. Root system architecture was investigated over time using repeated X-ray computed tomography.ResultsThere was no plastic adaptation of root system architecture to the lack of root hairs, which resulted in lower uptake of nutrients especially in the substrate with high sorption capacity. The function of the root hairs for anchoring did not result in different root length density profiles between genotypes. Both maize genotypes showed a marked response to substrate. This was well reflected in the spatiotemporal development of rhizosphere volume fraction but especially in the highly significant response of root diameter to substrate, irrespective of genotype.ConclusionsThe most salient root plasticity trait was root diameter in response to substrate. Coping mechanisms for missing root hairs were limited to a shift in root-shoot ratio in loam. Further experiments are required, to elucidate whether observed differences can be explained by mechanical properties beyond mechanical impedance, root or microbiome ethylene production or differences in diffusion processes within the root or the rhizosphere.
Vitamin D, infections and immunity
Authors: Ismailova Aiten , White John H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVitamin D, best known for its role in skeletal health, has emerged as a key regulator of innate immune responses to microbial threat. In immune cells such as macrophages, expression of CYP27B1, the 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1α-hydroxylase, is induced by immune-specific inputs, leading to local production of hormonal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) at sites of infection, which in turn directly induces the expression of genes encoding antimicrobial peptides. Vitamin D signaling is active upstream and downstream of pattern recognition receptors, which promote front-line innate immune responses. Moreover, 1,25D stimulates autophagy, which has emerged as a mechanism critical for control of intracellular pathogens such asM. tuberculosis. Strong laboratory and epidemiological evidence links vitamin D deficiency to increased rates of conditions such as dental caries, as well as inflammatory bowel diseases arising from dysregulation of innate immune handling intestinal flora. 1,25D is also active in signaling cascades that promote antiviral innate immunity; 1,25D-induced expression of the antimicrobial peptide CAMP/LL37, originally characterized for its antibacterial properties, is a key component of antiviral responses. Poor vitamin D status is associated with greater susceptibility to viral infections, including those of the respiratory tract. Although the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic has been alleviated in some areas by the arrival of vaccines, it remains important to identify therapeutic interventions that reduce disease severity and mortality, and accelerate recovery. This review outlines of our current knowledge of the mechanisms of action of vitamin D signaling in the innate immune system. It also provides an assessment of the therapeutic potential of vitamin D supplementation in infectious diseases, including an up-to-date analysis of the putative benefits of vitamin D supplementation in the ongoing COVID-19 crisis.
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in non-obese patients
Authors: Antonaglia Caterina , Passuti Giovanna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by symptoms and signs of more than 5 apneas per hour (AHI) at polysomnography or 15 or more apneas per hour without symptoms. In this review, the focus will be a subgroup of patients: adult non-obese subjects with OSA and their specific features. In non-obese OSA patients (patients with BMI < 30 kg/m2), there are specific polysomnographic features which reflect specific pathophysiological traits. Previous authors identified an anatomical factor (cranial anatomical factors, retrognatia, etc.) in OSA non-obese. We have hypothesized that in this subgroup of patients, there could be a non-anatomical pathological prevalent trait. Little evidence exists regarding the role of low arousal threshold. This factor could explain the difficulty in treating OSA in non-obese patients and emphasizes the importance of a specific therapeutic approach for each patient.
Surface orange patinas on the limestone of the Batalha Monastery (Portugal): characterization and decay patterns
Authors: Ding Yufan , Redol Pedro , Angelini Emma , Mirão José , Schiavon Nick 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSamples of orange patinas found on a limestone window tracery and an ornament of the Batalha Monastery have been investigated by X-ray micro-diffractometry (μ-XRD) and low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectrometry (LV-SEM + EDS). The aim of the study was to determine the composition of the layered patinas, assess whether they have been intentionally applied or naturally formed, and study their degradation patterns. Preliminary results revealed that the orange patinas on the window tracery and the ornament showed different compositions and appearance, suggesting distinct formation pathways. Orange patinas on the ornament, which are now showing decay and delamination patterns, mainly consisted of gypsum with hematite as a minor component, implying the possibility of an intentional application of a mixture of ochre and lime as tint plaster. Orange patinas on the window tracery show, instead, the presence of Ca-oxalates, abundant weddellite, and minor whewellite, with minor hematite suggesting the yellowish/orange color as being due to Ca-oxalate patinas imbedding soil dust airborne particles. Such patina was possibly formed naturally either by the chemical attack due to atmospheric air pollutants from traffic exhausts emissions or by bacterial activity. No delamination was observed on the window tracery sample with granular decohesion as the major decay phenomenon. A comparison was made between this patina and the so-called scialbatura, a surface yellowish coating often found by conservators on limestone and marble in ancient monuments in the Mediterranean region.
Deepening our understanding of which policy advice to expect from prioritizing SDG targets: introducing the Analytic Network Process in a multi-method setting
Authors: Toth Werner , Vacik Harald , Pülzl Helga , Carlsen Henrik 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe indivisibility principle of the 2030 Agenda is considered key for the implementation of policies in pursuit of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Therefore, science is not only asked to develop new methods for assessing SDG target interactions but also to translate findings of methodological insights into policy advice for easy take-up by policymakers. The present paper demonstrates how to adopt the multi-criteria analysis technique Analytic Network Process (ANP) for prioritizing SDG targets in considering all positive and possible indirect SDG target interactions at once. The application of the ANP is linked to a multi-method setting embracing positive scores derived from the analytical methods Nilsson-scale, a cross-impact matrix, and network analysis techniques. This supports the prioritization of SDG targets when considering n-order neighbours in a network with respect to their synergies. The ANP allows evaluating the synergistic potential and progress controllability of SDG target rankings calculated by CI-matrix metrics and thus provides conclusions on the importance of n-order interactions of SDG targets in a network for the final ranking. We showed that the application of a combination of different analytical methods improves the overall quality of the formulated policy advice regarding its scope and methodological profoundness. In this context, we compared the analytical methods involved with respect to their ability to formulate policy advice and finally presented a framing how to translate methodological results into concrete and applicable policy advice.
Predictive maintenance integrated production scheduling by applying deep generative prognostics models: approach, formulation and solution
Authors: Zhai Simon , Kandemir Meltem Göksu , Reinhart Gunther 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo harness the full potential of predictive maintenance (PdM), PdM information has to be used to optimally plan production and maintenance actions. Hence, operation-specific modelling of degradation, i.e. predictions of the health condition under time-varying operational conditions, has to be realized. By utilizing operation-specific degradation information, maintenance and production can be planned with regard to each other and thus, predictive maintenance integrated production scheduling (PdM-IPS) is enabled. This publication proposes a novel PdM-IPS approach consisting of two interacting modules: an operation-specific Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) module and an integrated production scheduling and maintenance planning (IPSMP) module. Specifically, the mathematical problem of the IPSMP module based on an extended version of the maintenance integrated flexible job shop problem is formulated. A two-stage genetic algorithm to efficiently solve this problem is designed and subsequently applied to simulated condition monitoring, as well as real industrial data. Results indicate that the approach is able to find feasible high quality PdM integrated production schedules.
The role of grit and resilience in children with reading disorder: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Hossain Bushra , Chen Yingtong , Bent Stephen , Parenteau China , Widjaja Felicia , Haft Stephanie L. , Hoeft Fumiko , Hendren Robert L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrior studies have suggested that grit and resilience predict both academic and career success. However, these qualities have not been examined in children with reading disorder (RD). We therefore investigated whether grit and resilience were associated with anxiety, depression, academic performance, and quality of life (QOL) in these students. This 3-year longitudinal cohort study included 163 participants with RD from 3 schools. Evaluations were completed by parents and/or teachers every 3 months. The Grit and Resilience Scale was adapted from the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and the 12-item Grit Scale. Outcome measures included anxiety (School Anxiety Scale – Teacher Report and the 8-item Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale), depression (Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire), academic performance, and QOL (Pediatric QOL Inventory 4.0). Multivariate linear regression models (adjusting for age and sex) assessed the associations at baseline. Repeated measures analysis using mixed-effects models assessed the relationship longitudinally. There were statistically significant associations between grit and resilience and all outcomes at baseline and over time. After adjusting for age and sex, improved grit and resilience was associated with decreased anxiety (β =  − 0.4, p < 0.001) and improved academic performance (β = 0.5, p < 0.001) when grit and resilience was measured by teachers, as well as decreased depression (β =  − 0.3, p < 0.001) and improved QOL (β = 0.6, p < 0.001) when grit and resilience was measured by parents. Grit and resilience are significantly related to mental health, academic performance, and QOL in children with RD. This suggests that interventions to improve grit and resilience may lead to positive benefits.
Chronic angiotensin receptor activation promotes hepatic triacylglycerol accumulation during an acute glucose challenge in obese-insulin-resistant OLETF rats
Authors: Godoy-Lugo Jose A. , Thorwald Max A. , Hui David Y. , Nishiyama Akira , Nakano Daisuke , Soñanez-Organis Jose G. , Ortiz Rudy M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) can ameliorate metabolic syndrome (MetS)-associated dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and glucose intolerance, suggesting that angiotensin receptor (AT1) over-activation contributes to impaired lipid and glucose metabolism, which is characteristic of MetS. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the lipid profile and proteins of fatty acid uptake, triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis, and β-oxidation to better understand the links between AT1 overactivation and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) during MetS.

Methods
Four groups of 25-week-old-rats were used: (1) untreated LETO, (2) untreated OLETF, (3) OLETF + angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB; 10 mg olmesartan/kg/d × 8 weeks) and (4) OLETF ± ARB (MINUS; 10 mg olmesartan/kg/d × 4 weeks, then removed until dissection). To investigate the dynamic shifts in metabolism, animals were dissected after an oral glucose challenge (fasting, 3 and 6 h post-glucose).

Results
Compared to OLETF, plasma total cholesterol and TAG remained unchanged in ARB. However, liver TAG was 55% lesser in ARB than OLETF, and remained lower throughout the challenge. Basal CD36 and ApoB were 28% and 29% lesser, respectively, in ARB than OLETF. PRDX6 abundance in ARB was 45% lesser than OLETF, and it negatively correlated with liver TAG in ARB.

Conclusions
Chronic blockade of AT1 protects the liver from TAG accumulation during glucose overload. This may be achieved by modulating NEFA uptake and increasing TAG export via ApoB. Our study highlights the contributions of AT1 signaling to impaired hepatic substrate metabolism and the detriments of a high-glucose load and its potential contribution to steatosis during MetS.
Growth, coalescence, and etching of two-dimensional overlayers on metals modulated by near-surface Ar nanobubbles
Authors: Wei Wei , Pan Jiaqi , Lin Haiping , Euaruksakul Chanan , Li Zhiyun , Huang Rong , Wang Li , Wang Zhujun , Fu Qiang , Cui Yi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe synthesis of high-quality ultrathin overlayers is critically dependent on the surface structure of substrates, especially involving the overlayer-substrate interaction. By using in situ surface measurements, we demonstrate that the overlayer-substrate interaction can be tuned by doping near-surface Ar nanobubbles. The interfacial coupling strength significantly decreases with near-surface Ar nanobubbles, accompanying by an “anisotropic to isotropic” growth transformation. On the substrate containing near-surface Ar, the growth front crosses entire surface atomic steps in both uphill and downhill directions with no difference, and thus, the morphology of the two-dimensional (2D) overlayer exhibits a round-shape. Especially, the round-shaped 2D overlayers coalesce seamlessly with a growth acceleration in the approaching direction, which is barely observed in the synthesis of 2D materials. This can be attributed to the immigration lifetime and diffusion rate of growth species, which depends on the overlayer-substrate interaction and the surface catalysis. Furthermore, the “round to hexagon” morphological transition is achieved by etching-regrowth, revealing the inherent growth kinetics under quasi-freestanding conditions. These findings provide a novel promising way to modulate the growth, coalescence, and etching dynamics of 2D materials on solid surfaces by adjusting the strength of overlayer-substrate interaction, which contributes to optimization of large-scale production of 2D material crystals.
Debris-carrying behaviour of bark lice immatures preserved in 100 million years old amber
Authors: Kiesmüller Christine , Haug Joachim T. , Müller Patrick , Hörnig Marie K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCamouflage strategies, including several types of concealments, are known for several insect groups today, such as immatures of some species within reduviid bugs (Hemiptera), lace wings (Neuroptera), caddisflies (Trichoptera) and bark lice (Psocodea). However, camouflage has only rarely been reported in the fossil record. Here we report findings of four bark lice preserved in 100 Million year old amber from Myanmar, which represent the first fossil evidence for masking behaviour in Cretaceous representatives of Psocodea. All four of these, probably not conspecific, and immature bark lice carry sand granules and organic material atop their back, which probably resulted in camouflaging them against the background (e.g. bark) to avoid detection by predators. We briefly summarise concepts of camouflage and examples of decoration behaviour within insects, as well as possible “receiver” (i.e. predators) of the camouflage of the herein described bark lice. The exact phylogenetic position of the specimens remains unclear, due to the scarce fossil record of Cretaceous immatures of Psocodea, as well as extant immatures. This demonstrates the importance of findings as reported here, as a wide knowledge of morphology and development of a certain group is crucial to get an insight into their evolution and reconstructing environments in deep time.