bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance-based eye tracking using deep neural networks
Authors: Frey Markus , Nau Matthias , Doeller Christian F. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractViewing behavior provides a window into many central aspects of human cognition and health, and it is an important variable of interest or confound in many functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. To make eye tracking freely and widely available for MRI research, we developed DeepMReye, a convolutional neural network (CNN) that decodes gaze position from the magnetic resonance signal of the eyeballs. It performs cameraless eye tracking at subimaging temporal resolution in held-out participants with little training data and across a broad range of scanning protocols. Critically, it works even in existing datasets and when the eyes are closed. Decoded eye movements explain network-wide brain activity also in regions not associated with oculomotor function. This work emphasizes the importance of eye tracking for the interpretation of fMRI results and provides an open source software solution that is widely applicable in research and clinical settings.
Noise rejection through an improved quantum illumination protocol
Authors: Gregory T. , Moreau P.-A. , Mekhail S. , Wolley O. , Padgett M. J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractQuantum illumination protocols can be implemented to improve imaging performance in the low photon flux regime even in the presence of both background light and sensor noise. However, the extent to which this noise can be rejected is limited by the rate of accidental correlations resulting from the detection of photon or noise events that are not quantum-correlated. Here we present an improved protocol that rejects up to $$\gtrsim 99.9\%$$

≳
99.9
%

of background light and sensor noise in the low photon flux regime, improving upon our previous results by an order of magnitude. This improvement, which requires no information regarding the scene or noise statistics, will enable extremely low light quantum imaging techniques to be applied in environments previously thought difficult and be an important addition to the development of covert imaging, quantum microscopes, and quantum LIDAR.
Emotional experience is increased and emotion recognition decreased in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Pfaff Line , Gounot Daniel , Chanson Jean-Baptiste , de Seze Jérôme , Blanc Frédéric 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEmotional disorders in multiple sclerosis (MS) are frequently described as difficulties in recognizing facial expressions, rarely in the experience dimension. Moreover, interaction between emotional disorders and cognitive or psychological disorders remains little documented. The aim of this study is to explore emotions in MS in emotion recognition and emotional experience and compare these data with cognitive, psychological, and disease aspects. Twenty-five women with MS (MS group) and 27 healthy controls (control group) matched for age, sex, and education were assessed for emotion recognition (Florida Affect Battery) and emotional experience (International Affective Picture System Photographs). Participants were also assessed for cognitive and psychological aspects. Compared to the control group, the MS group had more difficulty in recognizing emotions, and their subjective evaluations when presented IAPS pictures were more scattered, globally increased. Emotional dimensions were each correlated with executive functions but neither correlated with alexithymia, depression, anxiety, or MS characteristics. In conclusion, MS patients present difficulties in identifying emotion and their emotional experience appears to be increased. These disorders are correlated with cognition but remain independent of psychological or disease aspects. Considering the implications that emotional disorders may have, it seems essential to take these aspects into account in clinical practice.
First thorough assessment of de novo oocyte recruitment in a teleost serial spawner, the Northeast Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) case
Authors: dos Santos Schmidt Thassya C. , Thorsen Anders , Slotte Aril , Nøttestad Leif , Kjesbu Olav S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe understanding of teleost fecundity type (determinate or indeterminate) is essential when deciding which egg production method should be applied to ultimately estimate spawning stock biomass. The fecundity type is, however, unknown or controversial for several commercial stocks, including the Northeast Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus). Aiming at solving this problem, we applied state-of-the-art laboratory methods to document the mackerel fecundity type, including any de novo oocyte recruitment during spawning. Initially, active mackerel spawning females were precisely classified according to their spawning status. The number and size of all phasei-specific oocytes (12 phases), with a special attention to previtellogenic oocytes phases (PVO [PVO2 to PVO4a–c]), were also thoroughly investigated. Examinations of relative fecundity (RFi) clarified that the latest phase of PVOs (PVO4c) are de novo recruited to the cortical alveoli–vitellogenic pool during the spawning period, resulting in a dome-shaped seasonal pattern in RFi. Hence, we unequivocally classify mackerel as a true indeterminate spawner. As PVO4c oocytes were currently identified around 230 µm, mackerel fecundity counts should rather use this diameter as the lower threshold instead of historically 185 µm. Any use of a too low threshold value in this context will inevitably lead to an overestimation of RFi and thereby underestimated spawning stock biomass.
The FcεRI signaling pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of lacrimal gland benign lymphoepithelial lesions as shown by transcriptomic analysis
Authors: Li Jing , Liu Rui , Sun Mei , Wang Jinjin , Wang Nan , Zhang Xuan , Ge Xin , Ma Jianmin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to analyze the role of the FcepsilonRI (FcεRI) signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of benign lymphoepithelial lesion of lacrimal gland (LGBLEL). Transcriptomic analysis was performed on LGBLEL and orbital cavernous hemangioma (CH) patients diagnosed via histopathology in Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, between July 2010 and October 2013. Four LGBLEL and three orbital CH patients, diagnosed between October 2018 and August 2019, were randomly selected as experimental and control groups, respectively. RT-PCR, immunohistochemical staining, and western blotting were used to verify genes and proteins related to the FcεRI signaling pathway. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the FcεRI signaling pathway was upregulated in the LGBLEL compared with the CH group. The mRNA expression levels of important genes including SYK, p38, JNK, PI3K, and ERK were significantly increased in the LGBLEL group (P = 0.0066, P = 0.0002, P = 0.0003, P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, respectively). Immunohistochemical staining results showed that SYK, p38, and ERK were positively expressed in LGBLEL, while JNK and PI3K were not. The protein contents of P-SYK, P-p38, P-JNK, P-PI3K, and P-ERK were significantly higher in the LGBLEL than in the CH group (P = 0.0169, P = 0.0074, P = 0.0046, P = 0.0157, P = 0.0156, respectively). The FcεRI signaling pathway participates in the pathogenesis of LGBLEL.
Molecular basis of ubiquitin-specific protease 8 autoinhibition by the WW-like domain
Authors: Kakihara Keijun , Asamizu Kengo , Moritsugu Kei , Kubo Masahide , Kitaguchi Tetsuya , Endo Akinori , Kidera Akinori , Ikeguchi Mitsunori , Kato Akira , Komada Masayuki , Fukushima Toshiaki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUbiquitin-specific protease 8 (USP8) is a deubiquitinating enzyme involved in multiple membrane trafficking pathways. The enzyme activity is inhibited by binding to 14-3-3 proteins. Mutations in the 14-3-3-binding motif in USP8 are related to Cushing’s disease. However, the molecular basis of USP8 activity regulation remains unclear. This study identified amino acids 645–684 of USP8 as an autoinhibitory region, which might interact with the catalytic USP domain, as per the results of pull-down and single-molecule FRET assays performed in this study. In silico modelling indicated that the region forms a WW-like domain structure, plugs the catalytic cleft, and narrows the entrance to the ubiquitin-binding pocket. Furthermore, 14-3-3 inhibited USP8 activity partly by enhancing the interaction between the WW-like and USP domains. These findings provide the molecular basis of USP8 autoinhibition via the WW-like domain. Moreover, they suggest that the release of autoinhibition may underlie Cushing’s disease due to USP8 mutations.
Fetal Hemodynamic Response to Anemia in Early Gestation: Using Hemoglobin Bart’s Disease as a Study Model
Authors: Luewan Suchaya , Tongprasert Fuanglada , Srisupundit Kasemsri , Traisrisilp Kuntharee , Jatavan Phudit , Tongsong Theera 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective To assess fetal hemodynamic changes in response to anemia in early gestation, using fetal Hb Bart’s disease as a study model.
Methods A prospective study was conducted on pregnancies at risk for fetal Hb Bart’s disease at 12–14 weeks of gestation. Fetal hemodynamics were comprehensively assessed by 2D ultrasound, Doppler velocity, and cardio-STIC just prior to the invasive procedure for diagnosis. The various hemodynamic parameters of the affected and unaffected fetuses were compared.
Results Of 56 fetuses at risk, 17 had Hb Bart’s disease and 39 were unaffected. The right and combined ventricular cardiac outputs (CO) were significantly higher in the affected fetuses (0.993 vs. 1.358; p < 0.001 and 1.010 vs. 1.236; p < 0.001, respectively), whereas the left CO tended to be higher but not significantly (1.027 vs. 1.113; p = 0.058). Cardiac dimensions, middle-cerebral artery peak systolic velocity, Tei index, and isovolemic contraction time were significantly increased, while the global sphericity index was significantly decreased. Interestingly, cardiac preload, ventricular wall thickness, shortening fraction, isovolemic relaxation time, and fetal heart rate were unchanged. Four fetuses had hydropic changes, but all cardiac functions were normal.
Conclusion Fetal anemia induces hypervolemia and increases cardiac output to meet the tissue oxygen requirement, resulting in an increase in size without hypertrophy, volume load without pressure load, and a decrease in the globular sphericity index. The heart works very well but works harder, especially systolic ventricular load. Hydrops fetalis due to anemia appears not to be caused by heart failure as previously believed but rather by volume load with high vascular permeability at least in early pregnancy.
Das Fach Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie im
MEDiC-Modellstudiengang
Authors: Karow Anne 
Published: November 2021

HintergrundVor dem Hintergrund der drohenden medizinischen Unterversorgung in Teilen Sachsens
startete die Medizinische Fakultät der Technischen Universität
Dresden in Zusammenarbeit mit der Klinikum Chemnitz gGmbH im Wintersemester
2020/2021 den Modellstudiengang Humanmedizin (MEDiC) am Medizincampus
Chemnitz der TU Dresden. Die Studierenden sollen hier die Spezifika der
digital-vernetzten, ärztlichen Versorgung im ländlichen Raum bereits
während des Studiums intensiv und vor allem praxisnah kennenlernen 1.
On the Synthesis of a Novel Chiral Phosphorodiamidic Acid Containing­ the α-Phenylethyl Moiety: Insights on its Conformation and Reactivity
Authors: Cruz-Hernández Carlos , Juaristi Eusebio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA few years ago, the synthesis of chiral phosphoric acids supported on chiral BINOL frameworks was accomplished by T. Akiyama and M. Terada. Subsequent relevant applications demonstrated the importance of chiral phosphoric acids as privileged chiral inducers in asymmetric organocatalysis. In the present report, we discuss the development of novel chiral phosphorodiamidic acids derived from C
2-symmetric trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane aliphatic frameworks. The preparation of the new chiral Brønsted acids, based on the intermediacy of a 1,3,2-diheterophospholan-2-oxide moiety, turned out to be challenging since several plausible synthetic methodologies proved to be ineffective. Furthermore, the five-membered heterocyclic moiety turned out to be easily hydrolyzed when exposed to nucleophilic alcohols or water. Complementary to the successful multistep synthesis reported here, it was possible to obtain crystals of the key precursor of the desired phosphorodiamidic acid, which proved suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis and hence to establish important conformational characteristics of the novel heterocycle.
Exploring the Serum Level of RE1 Silencing Transcription Factor in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Shekhar Shashank , Tripathi Manjari , Dey A.B. , Dey Sharmistha 
Published: November 2021

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum RE1 silencing transcription factor (REST) level in Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and elderly controls by using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology.

Materials and Methods
In this case–control study of 133 subjects, 49 patients with AD, 49 patients with MCI, and 35 elderly controls were recruited. The REST protein concentrations were evaluated by SPR. The resonance unit for each sample was recorded and the concentration of serum REST of study group was derived from the standard curve. All the experiments were done in triplicates. Statistical analysis was done and p-value of < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results
A significant difference was observed in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score, Hindi Mental State Examination scale (HMSE) score education, disease duration, and gender among the groups. A significant (p>0.0001) difference in the duration of disease between AD and MCI was observed. It was observed that the mean concentration of serum REST was not significantly (p = 0.266) different among the groups.

Conclusion
This study first time evaluated the serum levels of REST in AD, MCI and age-matched elderly controls. The rest levels were similar in all groups; however, it can provide a new direction to future blood-based biomarker studies of REST.
Partnership status, living arrangements, and changes in sexual behaviour and satisfaction during the COVID-19 lockdown: insights from an observational, cross-sectional online survey in Singapore
Authors: Tan Rayner Kay Jin , O’Hara Caitlin Alsandria , Kumar Navin 
Published: November 2021

Background The SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus disease 2019; COVID-19) pandemic and its concomitant movement control measures have had a profound impact on the world. In spite of its potential impact on sexual health, there is a lack of research on how the pandemic and its movement control measures have impacted sexual wellbeing among Singaporeans. Methods This observational, cross-sectional study was conducted from August to September 2020. Participants were recruited through an online survey instrument promoted through social media. Respondents self-reported their sexual behaviours and levels of sexual satisfaction prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic movement control measures. Results We recruited a total of 562 participants, of whom 338 (60.1%) ever had a sexual experience. Singles (n = 106, 31.4%) and those not living with their partners (n = 115, 34.0%) reported a greater decrease in partnered sexual activities but a greater increase in individual sexual activities such as masturbation, sending and receiving nudes and watching pornography, relative to those who were living with their partners (n = 117, 34.6%). Multivariable analyses indicated that relative to singles, those who were not living with their partners were more likely to experience a decrease in sexual satisfaction (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 1.42, 95% CI [1.07, 1.90]), whereas those who were living with their partners were less likely to experience a decrease in sexual satisfaction (aPR = 0.45, 95% CI [0.25, 0.81]). Conclusions Interventions may focus on enhancing sexual wellness by educating on and supporting individual or partnered sexual activities that may vary along the lines of partnership status and living arrangements during the implementation of movement control measures.
Evidence for a Northern Hemispheric trigger of the 100,000-y glacial cyclicity
Authors: Yehudai Maayan , Kim Joohee , Pena Leopoldo D. , Jaume-Seguí Maria , Knudson Karla P. , Bolge Louise , Malinverno Alberto , Bickert Torsten , Goldstein Steven L. 
Published: November 2021

Significance
Causes of the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT) from 41- to 100-ky interglacial–glacial cyclicity are debated because it occurred without changes in solar forcing, thus indicating internal climatic drivers. This study reconstructs the deep Atlantic Ocean water-mass structure through the MPT using neodymium isotopes and distinguishes Northern and Southern Hemisphere precursors. North Atlantic results document changes in glacial erosion/weathering preceding the cyclicity shift, including a major erosional episode just before a global ocean circulation weakening between ∽950–860 ka. The findings indicate changes in Northern Hemispheric ice sheets prior to that weakening were central in shaping the cyclicity shift and the post-MPT glacial climate, whereby removal of weathered material exposed crystalline bedrock, resulting in increased bedrock–ice friction that facilitated larger ice sheets.
Rational prioritization strategy allows the design of macrolide derivatives that overcome antibiotic resistance
Authors: König Gerhard , Sokkar Pandian , Pryk Niclas , Heinrich Sascha , Möller David , Cimicata Giuseppe , Matzov Donna , Dietze Pascal , Thiel Walter , Bashan Anat , Bandow Julia Elisabeth , Zuegg Johannes , Yonath Ada , Schulz Frank , Sanchez-Garcia Elsa 
Published: November 2021

SignificanceDue to the development of resistance against commonly used antibiotics, new derivatives that avoid resistance mechanisms need to be developed. To address this problem, a rational prioritization strategy is outlined for macrolide antibiotics. Candidates are screened based on their solubility, membrane permeability, and binding affinity using a tiered optimization approach of free energy simulations and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations. After prioritization by computational methods, the best candidates are evaluated experimentally. The strategy creates a targeted substance library that is highly enriched in compounds with antibacterial activity. This allows for faster iterations in the development of new antibiotic derivatives.
Charge carrier mediation and ferromagnetism induced in MnBi6Te10 magnetic topological insulators by antimony doping
Authors: Xie Hangkai , Fei Fucong , Fang Fenzhen , Chen Bo , Guo Jingwen , Du Yu , Qi Wuyi , Pei Yufan , Wang Tianqi , Naveed Muhammad , Zhang Shuai , Zhang Minhao , Wang Xuefeng , Song Fengqi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A new kind of intrinsic magnetic topological insulator (MTI) MnBi2Te4 family has shed light on the observation of novel topological quantum effects such as the quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE). However, strong anti-ferromagnetic (AFM) coupling and high carrier concentration in the bulk hinder practical applications. In closely related materials MnBi4Te7 and MnBi6Te10, the interlayer magnetic coupling is greatly suppressed by Bi2Te3 layer intercalation. However, AFM is still the ground state in these compounds. Here, by magnetic and transport measurements, we demonstrate that a Sb substitutional dopant plays a dual role in MnBi6Te10, which can not only adjust the charge carrier type and concentration, but also induces the solid into a ferromagnetic (FM) ground state. The AFM ground state region, which is also close to the charge neutral point, can be found in the phase diagram of Mn(Sb
x
Bi1−x
)6Te10 when x ∼ 0.25. An intrinsic FM-MTI candidate is thus demonstrated, which may take us a step closer to realizing a high-quality and high-temperature QAHE and related topological quantum effects in the future.
Double pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for the analysis of plasma-facing components
Authors: Oelmann J , Wüst E , Sergienko G , Brezinsek S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is applied successfully for plasma-wall interaction studies in several fusion devices and post-mortem analyses of plasma-facing materials. However, the quantitative as well as qualitative analysis of low hydrogen isotope contents in tungsten plasma-facing components is still challenging. A promising approach to increase the optical signal in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is to apply a second laser pulse to the laser-produced plasma. We present two setups for post mortem plasma-facing component analyses using different laser pulse properties and different excitation geometries. The enhancement factors and changes in spectral line shapes for double pulse compared to single pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy are presented.
Combined analyses of the antiproton production from cosmic-ray interactions and its possible dark matter origin
Authors: De La Torre Luque Pedro 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Recent cosmic-ray (CR) studies have claimed the possibility of an excess on the antiproton flux over the predicted models at around 10 GeV, which can be the signature of dark matter annihilating into hadronic final states that subsequently form antiprotons. However, this excess is subject to many uncertainties related to the evaluation of the antiproton spectrum produced from spallation interactions of CRs. In this work, we implement a combined Markov-Chain Monte Carlo analysis of the secondary ratios of B, Be and Li and the antiproton-to-proton ratio (p̅/p), while also including nuisance parameters to consider the uncertainties related to the spallation cross sections. This study allows us to constrain the Galactic halo height and the rest of propagation parameters, evaluate the impact of cross sections uncertainties in the determination of the antiproton spectrum and test the origin of the excess of antiprotons. In this way, we provide a set of propagation parameters and scale factors for renormalizing the cross sections parametrizations that allow us to reproduce all the ratios of B, Be, Li and p̅ simultaneously.

We show that the energy dependence of the p̅/p ratio is compatible with a pure secondary origin. In particular, we find that the energy dependence of the evaluated p̅/p spectrum matches that observed from AMS-02 data at energies above ∼3 GeV, although there is still a constant ∼10% excess of p̅ over our prediction. We discuss that this discrepancy is more likely explained from a ∼10% scaling in the cross sections of antiproton production, rather than a component of dark matter leading to antiprotons. In particular, we find that the best-fit WIMP mass (∼300 GeV) needed to explain the discrepancy lies above the constraints from most indirect searches of dark matter and the resultant fit is poorer than with a cross sections scaling.
3D printed ultra-fast photothermal responsive shape memory hydrogel for microrobots
Authors: Zhan Ziheng , Chen Lei , Duan Huigao , Chen Yiqin , He Min , Wang Zhaolong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Hydrogels with stimuli-responsive capabilities are gaining more and more attention nowadays with prospective applications in biomedical engineering, bioelectronics, microrobot, etc. We develop a photothermal responsive hydrogel based on N-isopropylacrylamide that achieved a fast and reversible deformation manipulated only by near-infrared (NIR) light. The hydrogel was fabricated by the projection micro stereolithography based 3D printing technique, which can rapidly prototype complex 3D structures. Furthermore, with the variation of the grayscale while manufacturing the hydrogel, the deformation of the hydrogel structure can be freely tuned within a few seconds by losing and absorbing water through adjusting the intensity and the irradiation direction of the NIR light, showing a potential application in ultra-fast object grabbing and transportation. The present study provides a new method for designing ultrafast photothermal responsive hydrogel based microrobot working in water.