bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Criterial approach to substantiation of the best available techniques for engineering protection against hazardous techno-natural processes
Authors: Куранов Н.П. , Тимофеева Е.А. 
Published: November 2021

Прогнозирование мероприятий и строительства сооружений по инженерной защите от опасных процессов имеет целый ряд специфических особенностей, которые следует иметь в виду при разработке методологии обоснования наилучших доступных технологий. Математический аппарат, позволяющий обосновать выбор технологии инженерной защиты от опасных техноприродных процессов, которую можно отнести к наилучшим доступным технологиям, находится в стадии разработки. Представлен один из подходов, который позволяет на основе количественных оценок обосновывать выбор варианта инженерной защиты от опасных техноприродных процессов. За основу такого подхода принят экспертно-аналитический метод оценки риска от опасных природно-техногенных процессов, который в последние годы получил широкое развитие. Предложен математический аппарат, позволяющий обоснованно подходить к выбору наилучшей доступной технологии инженерной защиты от опасных техноприродных процессов с учетом возможностей собственника, его положения в текущей ситуации и перспектив развития.
Prediction of measures and construction of facilities for engineering protection from hazardous processes has a number of specific features that should be borne in mind while developing a method for substantiating the best available techniques. The mathematical tools that provide for substantiating the choice of a technology for engineering protection from hazardous techno-natural processes, that can be assigned to the best available techniques, are under development. One of the approaches is presented that allows, on the basis of quantitative assessments, to substantiate the choice of an option of engineering protection against hazardous techno-natural processes. This approach is based on the expert-analytical method for assessing the risk from hazardous natural-technogenic processes that has been widely used in recent years. Mathematical tools have been proposed that provide for reasonably approaching the choice of the best available technique for engineering protection against hazardous techno-natural processes, taking into account the capabilities of the owner, his position in the current situation and development prospects.
Assessment of safety and risk of flooding of urban industrial territories: expert-analytical method
Authors: Куранов Н.П. , Тимофеева Е.А. 
Published: November 2021

Изложены основные положения экспертно-аналитического метода оценки риска опасных процессов, который лег в основу разработки ряда методических рекомендаций и государственных стандартов. На базе этого метода предложена методика оценки безопасности и риска одного из опасных природно-техногенных процессов – подтопление градопромышленных территорий. Указаны основные факторы вредного воздействия этого процесса на объекты, находящиеся на таких территориях. Показано, как риски и ущербы от подтопления градопромышленных территорий могут оцениваться на основе общего методологического подхода к оценке рисков от опасных техноприродных процессов. В результате получены критерии безопасности и риска от подтопления и разработан механизм оценки риска от подтопления. Выявлены особенности выполнения оценок риска от подтопления градопромышленных территорий на федеральном, региональном и локальном уровнях.
The main provisions of the expert-analytical method for assessing the risk of hazardous processes are stated; the method formed the basis for the development of a number of methodological recommendations and state standards. On the basis of this method, a technique is proposed for assessing the safety and risk of one of the dangerous natural-technogenic processes – flooding of urban industrial territories. The main factors of the harmful impact of this process on the structures located in such territories are indicated. It is shown how risks and damages from flooding of urban industrial territories can be estimated on the basis of the general methodological approach to assessing risks from hazardous techno-natural processes. As a result, criteria for safety and risk of flooding were obtained and a mechanism for assessing the risk of flooding was developed. The features of the assessment of the risk from flooding of urban industrial territories at the federal, regional and local levels are revealed.
Best practice of using air-bubble curtains as part of complex fish protection structures
Authors: Шульгин В.Д. , Набоков С.С. 
Published: November 2021

Приведены результаты исследований работы комплексных рыбозащитных сооружений с использованием воздушно-пузырьковых завес. Дано описание механизма работы комплексных рыбозащитных сооружений и принципа работы воздушно-пузырьковой завесы. На основе гидравлического расчета разработана методика проектирования и применения воздушно-пузырьковой завесы в составе комплексных рыбозащитных сооружений. Приведены результаты исследований по оценке функциональной эффективности построенных комплексных рыбозащитных сооружений. Комплексные рыбозащитные сооружения, имеющие в своем составе запани и воздушно-пузырьковые завесы и работающие в эрлифтном режиме, достаточно эффективно защищают молодь рыб. При правильно подобранных параметрах работы оборудования и выбранном створе размещения сооружений, с учетом гидравлических и технических особенностей водозабора, их эффективность гарантированно превышает нормативные значения.
The results of studying the operation of complex fish protection structures with the use of air-bubble curtains are presented. A description of the operating mechanism of complex fish protection structures and the principle of operation of the air-bubble curtain is given. On the basis of a hydraulic calculation, a method for designing and using an air-bubble curtain as part of complex fish protection structures has been developed. The results of estimating the functional efficiency of the built complex fish protection structures are presented. The complex fish protection structures that include debris deflectors and air-bubble curtains and operate in an air-lift mode, effectively protect fish fry. Provided the operating parameters of the equipment and the selected alignment of the structures with account of the hydraulic and technical features of the water intake have been correctly chosen, their efficiency is guaranteed to exceed the standard values.
Acque e colture irrigue in Terra di Lavoro tra XVII e XVIII secolo. Una riflessione sul paesaggio dell’acqua tra economia e tutela
Authors: De Felice Pierluigi , Spagnoli Luisa 
Published: November 2021

In the archive of the Abbey of Montecassino there is a judicial affair between the monks of the Abbey and the Duke of Mignano stored. The quaestio of the dispute is for the sowing of rice by the Duke who, despite several orders of prohibitions (1661, 1665), persists in cultivating it, causing, according to the Benedictine monks, “great damage to the universities of St. Vittore, St. Pietro Infine, Mignano” because “it affects the wholesomeness of these lands”. An unpublished large-scaled cartography is attached to this judicial dispute, whose graphic signs clarify and define the places of the diatribe also providing further information: we are in the Terra di Lavoro bathed by the river Peccia which is used and partly diverted to irrigate the Duke’s rice. The case study offers a lot of food for thought starting from the problematic relationship between the values of the environment and water resources, defended by the Benedictine monks, and the economic and productive needs of a local aristocracy with an entrepreneurial vocation. This contrast connects, recalling and confirming it, to the wider one that developed during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries linked to the spread of rice where doctors, agronomists, politicians have widely debated the problems raised by the spread of rice fields in the Peninsula.
Heteronomy of architecture
Authors: Maria Pilar Vettori  
Published: November 2021

I’m not calling today about the competition we are holding for Reinventing Cities here in Lambrate - I am calling to ask you if you would like it if we had a dialogue together on the Heteronomy of Architecture.
Benedetta Tagliabue: Hello Matteo! Don’t even talk about it, everything is so sad. You know just how important it is for me to travel and meet people all the time... in person.
Dialogue? Absolutely! But... what is this “heteronomy”? You don’t mean it’s something that excludes someone? You know I don’t like it...

M.R. Come on, we’ve known each other for years! Look, it’s exactly the opposite. A very interesting concept which Giancarlo De Carlo summed up well in a sentence I am going to read to you. «As you can tell as you listen, one cannot help but think of your way of knowing, investigating and reading the places and cities in which you design. It is also impossible not to think of how you live together with others, and how this has always been the way you live architecture on a daily basis, and how you know how to transmit it and build it together with all the people you meet: collaborators, citizens, users, clients, politicians, artists, producers of materials, craftsmen, friends, etc. [...]».
B.T. Oh well... I was actually joking a bit, you know it amuses me. I remembered this idea of Giancarlo’s from when I was studying at the Faculty of Architecture in Venice, and I was struck by his strength and energy in knowing how to interpret it at its best and translate it into splendid practice on many occasions.
Thank you also for your kind words, it was so kind of you to have thought of me. It certainly is an interesting theme to delve into in a monographic issue of a magazine, and I would like to congratulate those who thought of it.
So... Yes, I like it: let’s dialogue!
You already know that we’ll have to talk again a few times.
M.R. Of course I know... it’s always a great pleasure!
Improving the Outcomes of Modified Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery Using Clinical Audit
Authors: Ifraheem Khan Muhammad , Arif Saba Ali , Raja Muhammad , Ijaz Sheikh , Saeed Khan Muhammad 
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To use clinical audit in improving the outcomes of manual small incision cataract surgery technique
Study Design: Clinical audit.
Place and Duration: Layton Rehmatullah Benevolent Trust Eye hospital Karachi, from September 2019 to December 2019.
Methods: Two hundred patients who had undergone Manual Small Incision Cataract surgery were selected. Cases with traumatic cataract, weak zonules, pseudoexfoliation, and more than 1 diopter difference in keratometric readings, corneal and retinal pathologies were excluded. Surgical complications and visual outcomes were recorded on the 7th postoperative day. Refractive data was recorded from subjective refraction. Data was analyzed by University Hospital Bristol formula. Standards were set using international literature. Deficiencies were noted and technique was modified to improve the outcome. The audit was repeated after 2 months to see whether modifications had improved the outcome.
Results: In the first audit, posterior capsular rupture rate was 1%, corrected visual acuity of 6/12 or better was achieved in 85.36% and surgically induced cylinder of less than 2 DC was achieved in 75.60% of the patients. In the second audit all standards were achieved. Posterior capsular rupture did not occur. Corrected visual acuity of 6/12 or better was achieved in 90.50% and induced cylinder of less than 2 DC was achieved in 87.05% of the patients.
Conclusion: Clinical audit of the surgical procedures is a good technique in improving the outcomes of manual small incision cataract surgery.
Key Words: Cataract extraction, clinical audit, posterior capsular rupture, astigmatism, visual acuity.
Effect of Topical Versus Sub-conjunctival Anaesthesia during Administration of Intravitreal Bevacizumab Injection
Authors: Rizwan Amna , Zafar Rabeeah , Asghar Asfandyar , Obaid Naila , Naeem B A 
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To compare the anesthetic effect of topical proparacaine hydrochloride 0.5% with sub-conjunctival lidocaine 2% for intravitreal injection of Bevacizumab.
Study Design: Quasi experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ophthalmology Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi, from July 2017 to January 2018.
Methods: Sixty 60 patients who needed intravitreal Bevacizumab were included in the study after approval from the ethical review board. Exclusion criteria were patients with conditions that could affect pain sensation, acute ocular inflammation, history of intravitreal injection, using systemic analgesic/sedatives, uncooperative patients and unable to understand the pain scale. Written informed consent was taken. Name, age, gender, diagnosis, previous intravitreal injection, hospital registration number, address and contact numbers were noted. Patients were briefed about the visual analogue scale. Patients were divided into two groups. Group A received proparacaine drops and group B was given subconjunctival lidocaine injections before intravitreal bevacizumab.
Results: The mean age of patients in this study was 60.38 ± 10.55 years. There were 03 (5.0%) males and 57 (95.0%) females. Majority of the patients (30%) presented with choroidal neovascularization followed by diabetic maculopathy, vitreous hemorrhage, central retinal vein occlusion and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Mean pain score among both the groups was 3.67 ± 1.97 (topical group) and 1.70 ± 1.51 (sub-conjunctival group) respectively which was statistically significant (p-value 0.000). Among age, diabetes, duration of diabetes and hypertension, only hypertension had moderate correlation with the pain score (correlation coefficient = 0.316, p values = 0.017).
Conclusion: Sub-conjunctival anaesthesia results in less pain during intravitreal drug administration as compared to the topical anaesthesia.
Key Words: Intravitreal injections, Bevacizumab, Intravitreal Anti-VEGF, Anesthesia.
L’innovation ouverte est-elle adaptée aux villes moyennes ? Le cas de 14 innovations ouvertes de petites et moyennes entreprises (PME) agroalimentaires du sud-ouest de la France
Authors: Labrouche Geoffroy , Levy Rachel 
Published: November 2021

Cet article s’intéresse aux pratiques d’innovation ouverte des PME localisées dans des villes moyennes. Il interroge particulièrement le caractère intentionnel de ces pratiques ainsi que les formes partenariales mobilisées dans ces innovations à travers une étude de cas de 14 innovations ouvertes développées par 10 PME agroalimentaires localisées dans des villes moyennes de la région Occitanie. Les caractéristiques des PME et le fait d’être implanté dans une ville moyenne influencent les processus d’innovation. Ces innovations, de produits et de procédés, sont souvent incrémentales et réalisées dans le but de répondre à la demande. Le rôle de l’entrepreneur semble également essentiel dans l’émergence de ces processus. Notre analyse montre que ces PME cherchent à accéder à une variété connexe en collaborant notamment avec la recherche publique. Elle met évidence le rôle essentiel des proximités sociale et géographique temporaires dans l’accès aux ressources externes. Codes JEL : O31, R11
O ENSINO DA HISTÓRIA E DA GEOGRAFIA:
Authors: Kuhn Martin , Toso Cláudia Eliane Ilgenfritz , Callai Helena Copetti 
Published: November 2021

O ensino dos estudos sociais nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental é a temática deste artigo. Por que ensinamos estudos sociais, história e geografia, nos anos iniciais da educação básica da forma como ensinamos? Que fundamentos psicológicos e pedagógicos dão lastro à tradição curricular de ensino dos estudos sociais (história e geografia) dispostos em círculos concêntricos? O objetivo é fustigar a tradição consolidada em torno da forma como ensinamos os conhecimentos dos estudos sociais nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental da educação básica. Apesar da reflexão se originar de constatações do mundo prático, trata-se de um ensaio teórico. A linguagem é o horizonte de onde abordamos o objeto. Trata-se de dizer e interpretar o mundo e as coisas, dialogando com as diferentes tradições epistemológicas, contudo demarcando um olhar crítico e reflexivo sobre a problemática. Após uma breve apresentação das questões epistemológicas implicadas nos círculos concêntricos, a reflexão que segue se estrutura em dois movimentos: o primeiro discute a concepção naturalista de desenvolvimento psicológico humano da modernidade a partir do pensamento de Comenius e o segundo reflete sobre as implicações pedagógicas dessa concepção de desenvolvimento para a educação.
Palavras-chave
Estudos sociais, Círculos concêntricos, Fundamentos psicológicos e pedagógicos.

TEACHING HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY: psychological and pedagogical assumptions of concentric circles
Abstract
The teaching of social studies in the initial years of elementary education is the theme of this article. Why do we choose certain ways of teaching social studies, history and geography in the early years of basic education? What psychological and pedagogical foundations give weight to the curricular tradition of teaching social studies (history and geography) arranged in concentric circles? The aim of this essay is to question the consolidated tradition concerning the way we teach social studies in the initial years of elementary education. Although this discussion comes from the findings of the practical world, it is a theoretical reflection. The language is the horizon from which we approach the object. It is about telling and interpreting the world and things, dialoguing with different epistemological traditions, however demarcating a critical and reflective view on the problem. After a brief presentation of the epistemological issues involved in the concentric circles, the reflection that follows is structured in two movements: the first one discusses the naturalistic conception of human psychological development of modernity, according to Comenius’ ideas; and the second one reflects on the pedagogical implications of such conception for educational development.
Keywords
Social studies, Concentric circles, Psychological and pedagogical foundations.
Incidencia de las Políticas Educativas implementadas por Ministerio de Educación de Guatemala
Authors: Ishlaj Conde Yadira Abigail 
Published: November 2021

OBJETIVO: realizar un análisis de la incidencia de las Políticas Educativas de los períodos de gobierno del 2008 al 2020. MÉTODO: cualitativo, investigación documental. RESULTADOS: se logró determinar que las políticas educativas de los años 2008 hasta el 2020 enfatizan en el mejoramiento de la calidad de educación en las aulas y la gestión educativa; la ampliación de la cobertura de centros educativos que atienden niños y jóvenes de las áreas urbana y rural del país. Los guatemaltecos necesitamos un sistema educativo operante que permita cambios de patrones donde se formen ciudadanos capaces de activar la economía y minimizar la brecha entre países de desarrollo sustancial. CONCLUSIÓN: el análisis de las políticas educativas implementadas en los años 2008 hasta el 2020 muestran esfuerzos en actualizar las prácticas administrativas, innovar la entrega docente; por medio de la atención en cuatro escenarios principales que debe priorizar la planificación estratégica del Estado de Guatemala a través de su política pública para promover acciones sociopolíticas, educación obligatoria, profesionalización del magisterio y pactos de colaboración con autoridades municipales. Este estudio establece una investigación para determinar que las políticas de estos años enfatizan en el mejoramiento de la educación.
Incidence and Characterization of Rice Root Nematodes, Hirschmanniella mucronata, from Rice Fields in Pathum Thani Province, Thailand
Authors: Beesa Natthidech , Sasnarukkit Anongnuch , Jindapunnapat Kansiree , Chinnasri Buncha , Chairin Thanunchanok 
Published: November 2021

The rice root nematodes, Hirschmanniella oryzae and H. mucronata, are serious and widespread threats to global rice production, especially in tropical and subtropical zones. Reliable and efficient identification of these nematodes is vital to nematode control and management. In this current study, 36 soil or rice root samples were collected from rice fields located in Pathum Thani province and used for nematode extraction. The results demonstrated that Hirschmanniella sp. was found in all paddy fields, especially in Muang District, where RD47 rice cultivars were grown at soil pH of 5.9. Molecular identification based on the analysis of 28S rRNA and 18S-ITS1-1.58S genes revealed 98 – 99 % similarity to H. mucronata, and its phylogenetic trees were grouped with H. mucronata from Cambodia and Philippines. Likewise, the morphometric characterization revealed remarkable features of H. mucronata with long body (1,639 - 2,329 µm), long stylet (24 - 27 µm) and an obvious mucron at the end of terminus. Therefore, the main rice root nematode species found in Pathum Thani’s rice fields were H. mucronata.
HIGHLIGHTS

The rice root nematodes, Hirschmanniella, are presented the predominant plant-parasitic nematodes in rice cultivated areas of Pathum Thani province, Thailand
Population densities of Hirschmanniella are encountered in rice roots than in soil, especially in RD47 rice cultivars grown in Muang District
Both of morphological and molecular characterization illustrating the species of rice root nematodes were mucronate
This is a first description on the molecular characterization of mucronata from rice fields in Thailand

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT