bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prototype of an evidence‐based tool to aid individualized treatment for type 2 diabetes
Authors: Buse John B. , Holst Ingrid , Knop Filip K. , Kvist Kajsa , Thielke Desirée , Pratley Richard 
Published: March 2021

AbstractData‐driven tools are needed to inform individualized treatment decisions for people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). To show how treatment might be individualized, an interactive outline tool was developed to predict treatment outcomes. Individualized predictions were generated for change in HbA1c and body weight after initiation of newer antidiabetes drugs recommended by current guidelines. These predictions were based on data from randomized controlled trials of glucose‐lowering drugs. The data included patient demographics and clinical characteristics (sex, age, body mass index, weight, diabetes duration, HbA1c level, current diabetes treatment and renal function). Predicted outcomes were determined using prespecified statistical models from original trial protocols and estimated coefficients for selected baseline characteristics. This prototype illustrates how evidence‐based individualized treatment might be facilitated in the clinic for people with T2D. Further and ongoing development is required to improve the tool's prognostic value, including the addition of disease co‐morbidities and patient‐orientated outcomes. Patient engagement and data‐sharing by sponsors of clinical trials, as well as real‐world evidence, are needed to provide reliable predicted outcomes to inform shared patient–physician decision‐making.
The management, outcome, and postpartum disease course of 41 pregnancies in 20 women with polycythemia vera
Authors: Wille Kai , Bernhardt Johannes , Sadjadian Parvis , Becker Tatjana , Kolatzki Vera , Huenerbein Karlo , Griesshammer Martin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesPregnancies in women with polycythemia vera (PV) are associated with an increased risk of PV‐related maternal complications and often result in miscarriage. Recommendations for the management of PV pregnancies are mainly based on studies with a small number of patients. A correlation between pregnancy outcome and postpartum course has been reported for essential thrombocythemia, but corresponding data for PV are lacking so far.MethodsIn 41 PV pregnancies, the pregnancy outcome, the use of PV‐specific therapies (ie, acetylsalicylic acid, low‐molecular weight heparin and/or interferon‐alpha), and the postpartum PV course were investigated.ResultsA live birth rate of 51.2% (21/41 pregnancies) was observed. 43.9% of pregnancies ended in spontaneous abortion and 4.9% in stillbirth. A significantly increased live birth rate occurred in pregnancies with PV‐specific therapies compared to standard antenatal care (69.0% vs. 8.3%; P < .0019). The use of PV‐specific therapy significantly increased the number of maternal hemorrhages (P = .021) without increasing the risk of fetal complications. During the median postpartum follow‐up period of 1.2 years (range 0.1‐13.7), complicated postpartum PV occurred significantly more often after miscarriages (P = .035).ConclusionsAccording to our analysis, PV‐specific therapy improved the live birth rate. Significantly more complicated postpartum PV courses were observed after miscarriages.
Azacitidine for relapse of acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, multicenter PALG analysis
Authors: Drozd‐Sokołowska Joanna , Karakulska‐Prystupiuk Ewa , Biecek Przemysław , Kobylińska Katarzyna , Piekarska Agnieszka , Dutka Magdalena , Waszczuk‐Gajda Anna , Mądry Krzysztof , Kopińska Anna , Gołos Aleksandra , Góra‐Tybor Joanna , Szwedyk Paweł , Bołkun Łukasz , Czyż Anna , Giebel Sebastian , Basak Grzegorz Władysław , Dwilewicz‐Trojaczek Jadwiga 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesRelapse of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) belongs to the major causes of treatment failure.MethodsRetrospective multicenter analysis of patients diagnosed with AML or MDS who had hematological relapse after allo‐HSCT and were treated with azacitidine for this indication.ResultsTwenty‐three patients receiving azacitidine as the first treatment of relapse (Group_1) and 8 patients receiving azacitidine after other treatment of relapse (Group_2) were included. There were 68% males, median age at initiation of azacitidine was 53 years (15‐66). Median time to relapse was 3.5 months and 6.3 months in Group_1 and Group_2, respectively; median time from relapse to azacitidine 0.2 and 2.3 months. Azacitidine 75 mg/m2, days 1‐7, was administered in 78% and 75% of patients in Group_1 and Group_2, concomitant DLI in 48% and 50%. With median follow‐up of 4.7 and 13.6 months, the median overall survival was 5.9 and 9.5 months. 17% and 37.5% patients proceeded to salvage allo‐HSCT, with median OS of 11.6 months and not reached respectively.ConclusionsAzacitidine treatment for hematological relapse is associated with poor outcome; nevertheless, a proportion of patients may benefit from it, including patients receiving subsequent salvage allo‐HSCT.
Association between lifetime depression history, hippocampal volume and memory in non‐amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Leung Isabella Hoi Kei , Broadhouse Kathryn Mary , Mowszowski Loren , LaMonica Haley M. , Palmer Jake Robert , Hickie Ian B. , Naismith Sharon L. , Duffy Shantel Leigh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHippocampal subfield volume loss in older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and depression history are associated with amyloid beta and tau pathology, thereby increasing the risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, no studies have exclusively examined distinct alterations in hippocampal subfields in non‐amnestic MCI (naMCI) in relation to depression history. Here, we used both longitudinal and transverse hippocampal segmentation methods using the automated FreeSurfer software to examine whether a lifetime depression history is associated with differences in hippocampal head/body/tail (H/B/T) and key subfield volumes (CA1, subiculum, dentate gyrus) in older adults with naMCI. Further, we explored whether differences in hippocampal H/B/T and subfield volumes were associated with structured and unstructured verbal encoding and retention, comparing those with and without a depression history. The naMCI with a depression history group demonstrated larger or relatively preserved right CA1 volumes, which were associated with better unstructured verbal encoding and as well as structured verbal memory retention. This association between memory encoding and hippocampal CA1 and total head volume was significantly different to those with no depression history. The relationship between right CA1 volume and memory retention was also moderated by depression history status F (5,143) = 7.84, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.22. Those participants taking antidepressants had significantly larger hippocampal subiculum (p = 0.008), and right hippocampal body (p = 0.004) and better performance on structured encoding (p = 0.011) and unstructured memory retention (p = 0.009). These findings highlight the importance of lifetime depression history and antidepressant use on the hippocampus and encoding and memory retention in naMCI.
Musicogenic epilepsy: Expanding the spectrum of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 neurological autoimmunity
Authors: Smith Kelsey M. , Zalewski Nicholas L. , Budhram Adrian , Britton Jeffrey W. , So Elson , Cascino Gregory D. , Ritaccio Anthony L. , McKeon Andrew , Pittock Sean J. , Dubey Divyanshu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to describe serological association of musicogenic epilepsy and to evaluate clinical features and outcomes of seropositive cases. Through retrospective chart review, musicogenic epilepsy patients were identified. Among 16 musicogenic epilepsy patients, nine underwent autoantibody evaluations and all had high‐titer glutamic acid decarboxylase 65–immunoglobulin G (GAD65‐IgG; >20 nmol·L–1, serum, normal ≤ .02 nmol·L–1, eight women). Median GAD65‐IgG serum titer was 294 nmol·L–1 (20.3–3005 nmol·L–1), and median cerebrospinal fluid titer (n = 4) was 14.7 nmol·L–1. All patients had temporal lobe epilepsy, and bitemporal epileptiform abnormalities were common. Right temporal lobe seizures were most frequently captured when seizures were induced by music on electroencephalogram (3/4; 75%). Intravenous (IV) methylprednisolone and/or IV Ig (IVIG) was utilized in four patients, with one having greater than 50% reduction. Rituximab (n = 2) and mycophenolate (n = 1) were ineffective. Two patients underwent right temporal lobe resections but continued to have seizures. Vagus nerve stimulation was effective at reducing seizures in one patient by 50%, and an additional patient was seizure‐free by avoiding provoking music. Right temporal lobe epilepsy was more common among patients with musicogenic epilepsy when compared to nonmusicogenic GAD65 epilepsies (n = 71, 89% vs. 47%, p = .03). GAD65‐IgG should be tested in patients with musicogenic epilepsy, given implications for management and screening for comorbid autoimmune conditions.
Manacled short sellers and return premium: New evidence
Authors: Li Xiao‐Ming 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInvestigating the short‐selling regulation of the Hong Kong market, we document that shortable stocks, on average, earn significantly higher returns than non‐shortable stocks. However, loadings of stocks/portfolios on the shortable minus non‐shortable misvaluation factor SMN predict a significant negative return premium in the cross‐section of returns. We measure SMN by applying both value‐ and return‐weighted methods with various time lags. We propose a behavioural model to rationalize our results. The model shows that, if investors are overconfident regarding short‐selling regulatory factor signals, it is possible to detect a positive average/abnormal return but a negative future return premium on SMN.
Venous air embolism during stifle arthroscopy in a horse
Authors: Kantyka M. E. , Kuemmerle J. , Becsek A. , Ringer S. K. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryThis case report describes venous air embolism as a complication of stifle joint arthroscopy in a 16‐year‐old French Saddle Pony. Carbon dioxide was used to achieve joint distension during the procedure and accidentally entered the vasculature, causing the embolism. The diagnosis was based on a sudden onset of laboured breathing, tachycardia and dropping end‐tidal carbon dioxide (PE'CO2) and was confirmed by arterial blood gas analysis showing hypercapnia and large PE'CO2—arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) difference. This complication was treated by increasing the fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) and immediate ceasing of further gas insufflation. The horse suffered no further complications. To our knowledge, this is the first publication reporting this complication during arthroscopy in a horse. Awareness of this complication should be raised between veterinarians performing arthroscopies when using gas as the distending agent. A high index of suspicion and early recognition of the embolism can improve chances for full and unremarkable recoveries.
Single‐cell transcriptome profiling reveals molecular heterogeneity in human umbilical cord tissue and culture‐expanded mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Wang Quanlei , Li Jinlu , Wang Shengpeng , Deng Qiuting , Wang Kuixing , Dai Xi , An Yanru , Dong Guoyi , Ke Weilin , Chen Fang , Liu Longqi , Yang Huanming , Du Yutao , Zhao Weihua , Shang Zhouchun 
Published: March 2021

Human umbilical cord‐derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (UMSCs) demonstrate great therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine. The use of UMSCs for clinical applications requires high quantity and good quality of cells usually by in vitro expansion. However, the heterogeneity and the characteristics of cultured UMSCs and the cognate human umbilical cord tissue at single‐cell resolution remain poorly defined. In this study, we created a single‐cell transcriptome profile of human umbilical cord tissue and the cognate culture‐expanded UMSCs. Based on the inferred characteristics of cell clusters and trajectory analysis, we identified three subgroups in culture‐expanded UMSCs and putative novel transcription factors (TFs) in regulating UMSC state transition. Further, putative ligand–receptor interaction analysis demonstrated that cellular interactions most frequently occurred in epithelial‐like cells with other cell groups in umbilical cord tissue. Moreover, we dissected the transcriptomic differences of in vitro and in vivo subgroups and inferred the telomere‐related molecules and pathways that might be activated in UMSCs for cell expansion in vitro. Our study provides a comprehensive and integrative study of the transcriptomics of human umbilical cord tissue and their cognate‐cultured counterparts, which paves the way for a deeper understanding of cellular heterogeneity and offers fundamental biological insight of UMSCs‐based cell therapy.
Designing countrywide and regional microclimate networks
Authors: Lembrechts Jonas J. , Lenoir Jonathan , R. Scheffers Brett , De Frenne Pieter 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIssueClimate change, and its impacts on ecological, agricultural and other societal systems, is most often studied by relying on temperature data derived from countrywide weather‐station networks. Yet, these data do not capture microclimates, those arising from soil, vegetation and topography, at spatial scales relevant to the majority of organisms on Earth. We argue that a unified strategy is missing to design regional or countrywide networks to measure microclimates and thus provide ecologically relevant and sound climate data, for instance for modelling biodiversity and ecosystem functions.EvidenceHere, we develop an integrative framework to design effective microclimate networks for potential implementation at the country level. With the dawn of novel low‐cost sensor technologies and modelling techniques it is time for designing standardized microclimate networks. We make an important step forward in that regard by providing hands‐on training to generate an optimal sensor distribution to capture as much microclimate diversity as possible at the regional or country scale.ConclusionsBy implementing our framework to design countrywide or regional microclimate networks, strategically positioned to capture a representative picture of microclimates available within the focal country or region, governments could lay the foundation for the development of a next generation of modelling and synthesis of landscapes, to serve a range of societal needs now and into the future as climate change accelerates.
An overview of traditional Chinese medicine therapy for Helicobacter pylori–related gastritis
Authors: Li Yuli , Li Xiaoya , Tan Zhoujin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori–associated gastritis (HPAG) is a common digestive system disease that its therapeutic goal is to eradicate Helicobacter pylori. However, due to the widespread use of antibiotics, problems for example, antibiotic resistance, reinfection, and gastrointestinal side effects have emerged. The solution of above problems provides a broad space for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to exert its remarkable advantages on the treatment of HPAG.MethodsExtensive database retrieval using platforms not limited to but including Web of Science, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and VIP database was performed using keywords such as “Helicobacter pylori‐associated gastritis” or “HPAG” or “Helicobacter pylori” or “H. pylori” or “gastritis” and “traditional Chinese medicine” or “TCM” or “herbs” or “Chinese herbal medicine”. In addition, related books, PhD, and master's dissertations were also researched to provide a comprehensive review.ResultsThis review mainly introduces the clinical efficacy of TCM formulas for HPAG, as well as active ingredient and pharmacological mechanisms of herbs. What's more, this review puts forward potential prospects for future research.ConclusionThese research works have shown the therapeutic benefits of TCM in the treatment of HPAG. The development of TCM with more specific functions and practical data will not only become a significant trend in the world market but also have an irreplaceable role in the future treatment of HPAG. More continued researches should be undertaken in the future.
Evaluation of grade in a genotyped cohort of sporadic medullary thyroid carcinomas
Authors: Najdawi Fedaa , Ahmadi Sara , Capelletti Marzia , Dong Fei , Chau Nicole G , Barletta Justine A 
Published: March 2021

AimsTumour grade and RET mutation status, especially the presence of high‐risk exon 15 and 16 RET mutations, have been reported to be prognostic in patients with sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). The aims of our study were to evaluate the performance of two recently proposed grading systems and to assess the association between grade and genotype in a cohort of sporadic MTCs.Methods and resultsWe identified 44 sporadic MTCs. All available tumour slides were examined, and cases were assigned a grade on the basis of either mitotic count and tumour necrosis, or mitotic count, tumour necrosis, and Ki‐67 proliferative index, as described in two recent studies. Additional clinicopathological features and outcome information were obtained from the pathology reports and electronic medical records. The presence of RET and RAS mutations was determined either with direct sequencing or with massively parallel sequencing. Both grading systems were prognostic for progression‐free survival and disease‐specific survival on univariate analysis. There was no correlation between grade and mutation status. Specifically, neither RET nor high‐risk RET mutations were enriched in high‐grade tumours, as assessed by either grading scheme.ConclusionOur findings suggest that grade is not correlated with RET/RAS mutation status, indicating that grade and genotype may give independent prognostic information.
The glycobiology of uropathogenic E. coli infection: the sweet and bitter role of sugars in urinary tract immunity
Authors: Lupo Federico , Ingersoll Molly A. , Pineda Miguel A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUrinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most prevalent infectious diseases and the most common cause of nosocomial infections, worldwide. Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) are responsible for approximately 80% of all UTI, which most commonly affect the bladder. UPEC colonize the urinary tract by ascension of the urethra, followed by cell invasion, and proliferation inside and outside urothelial cells, thereby causing symptomatic infections and quiescent intracellular reservoirs that may lead to recurrence. Sugars, or glycans, are key molecules for host–pathogen interactions, and UTI are no exception. Surface glycans regulate many of the events associated with UPEC adhesion and infection, as well as induction of the host immune response. While the bacterial protein FimH binds mannose‐containing host glycoproteins to initiate infection and UPEC‐secreted polysaccharides block immune mechanisms to favour intracellular replication, host glycans on the urothelial surface and on secreted glycoproteins prevent or limit infection by inhibiting UPEC adhesion. Given the importance of glycans during UTI, here we review the glycobiology of UPEC infection to highlight fundamental sugar‐mediated processes of immunological interest for their potential clinical applications. Interdisciplinary approaches incorporating glycomics and infection biology may help to develop novel non‐antibiotic‐based therapeutic strategies for bacterial infections as the spread of antimicrobial‐resistant uropathogens is currently threatening modern healthcare systems.
Nurses' burnout and associated risk factors during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Galanis Petros , Vraka Irene , Fragkou Despoina , Bilali Angeliki , Kaitelidou Daphne 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsTo examine the nurses' burnout and associated risk factors during the COVID‐19 pandemic.DesignWe followed the Cochrane criteria and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis guidelines for this systematic review and meta‐analysis.Data SourcesPubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Cochrane COVID‐19 registry, CINAHL and pre‐print services (medRχiv and PsyArXiv) were searched from January 1 to November 15, 2020 and we removed duplicates.Review MethodsWe applied a random effect model to estimate pooled effects since the heterogeneity between results was very high.ResultsSixteen studies, including 18,935 nurses met the inclusion criteria. The overall prevalence of emotional exhaustion was 34.1%, of depersonalization was 12.6% and of lack of personal accomplishment was 15.2%. The main risk factors that increased nurses' burnout were the following: younger age, decreased social support, low family and colleagues readiness to cope with COVID‐19 outbreak, increased perceived threat of Covid‐19, longer working time in quarantine areas, working in a high‐risk environment, working in hospitals with inadequate and insufficient material and human resources, increased workload and lower level of specialized training regarding COVID‐19.ConclusionNurses experience high levels of burnout during the COVID‐19 pandemic, while several sociodemographic, social and occupational factors affect this burnout.ImpactWe found that burnout among nurses is a crucial issue during the COVID‐19 pandemic. There is an urgent need to prepare nurses to cope better with COVID‐19 pandemic. Identification of risk factors for burnout could be a significant weapon giving nurses and health care systems the ability to response in a better way against the following COVID‐19 waves in the near future.
MBD2 mediates renal cell apoptosis via activation of Tox4 during rhabdomyolysis‐induced acute kidney injury
Authors: Sun Tianshi , Liu Qing , Wang Yifan , Deng Youwen , Zhang Dongshan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOur study investigated the role of Methyl‐CpG–binding domain protein 2 (MBD2) in RM‐induced acute kidney injury (AKI) both in vitro and in vivo. MBD2 was induced by myoglobin in BUMPT cells and by glycerol in mice. MBD2 inhibition via MBD2 small interfering RNA and MBD2‐knockout (KO) attenuated RM‐induced AKI and renal cell apoptosis. The expression of TOX high mobility group box family member 4 (Tox4) induced by myoglobin was markedly reduced in MBD2‐KO mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis indicated that MBD2 directly bound to CpG islands in the Tox4 promoter region, thus preventing promoter methylation. Furthermore, siRNA inhibition of Tox4 attenuated myoglobin‐induced apoptosis in BUMPT cells. Finally, MBD2‐KO mice exhibited glycerol‐induced renal cell apoptosis by inactivation of Tox4. Altogether, our results suggested that MBD2 plays a role in RM‐induced AKI via the activation of Tox4 and represents a potential target for treatment of RM‐associated AKI.