bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction for treating hands of patients with systemic sclerosis: a multicentre randomized trial Autologous AD-SVF versus placebo in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Daumas Aurélie , Magalon Jérémy , Jouve Elisabeth , Casanova Dominique , Philandrianos Cécile , Abellan Lopez Maxime , Mallet Stéphanie , Veran Julie , Auquit-Auckbur Isabelle , Farge Dominique , Levesque Hervé , Benhamou Ygal , Arnaud Laurent , Giraudo Laurent , Dumoulin Chloé , Giverne Camille , Boyer Olivier , Giuliani Alexandra , Bourgarel Véronique , Harlé Jean-Robert , Schleinitz Nicolas , Brunet Julie , Pers Yves-Marie , Ferreira Rosanna , Cras Audrey , Boccara David , Larghero Jérome , Château Joseph , Hot Arnaud , Dignat-George Françoise , Magalon Guy , Sabatier Florence , Granel Brigitte 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective
To assess the superiority of adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction (AD-SVF) injection into the fingers vs placebo in reducing hand disability in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients.

Methods
We performed a double-blind, multicentre, phase II trial from October 2015 to January 2018 in France. SSc patients with a Cochin Hand Function Scale (CHFS) ≥20/90 were randomized 1:1 to receive injection of AD-SVF or placebo. AD-SVF was obtained using the automated processing Celution 800/CRS system. The placebo was lactated Ringer’s solution. The primary efficacy end point was the change of the CHFS score from baseline to 3 months. Secondary efficacy endpoints included the CHFS score at 6 months, hand function, vasculopathy, hand pain, skin fibrosis, sensitivity of the finger pulps, Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire, patients and physician satisfaction, and safety.

Results
Forty patients were randomized. The AD-SVF and placebo groups were comparable for age, sex ratio, disease duration, skin fibrosis of the hands and main cause of hand disability. After 3 months’ follow-up, hand function significantly improved in both groups with no between-group difference of CHFS (mean change of −9.2 [12.2] in the AD-SVF group vs −7.6 [13.2] in the placebo group). At 6 months, hand function improved in both groups.

Conclusion
This study showed an improvement of hand function in both groups over time, with no superiority of the AD-SVF. Considering the limits of this trial, studies on a larger population of patients with homogeneous phenotype and hand handicap should be encouraged to accurately assess the benefit of AD-SVF therapy.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, https://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02558543. Registered on September 24, 2015.
Colorism in Punishment among Hispanics in the Criminal Justice System
Authors: Lanuza Yader R , Petersen Nick , Omori Marisa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlthough scholars have documented skin tone stratification in punishment and among Hispanics in some domains, no study has examined colorism among Hispanics across multiple stages of the criminal justice process. By linking official court records and mugshot photographs of a sample of 6,523 adults arrested in Miami-Dade County between 2012 and 2015, we examine whether Hispanics are subjected to colorism, and the role of selection in shaping the association between skin color and punishment at sentencing. We find colorism in conviction and incarceration and show that selection processes partly account for some of the association between skin tone and punishment at sentencing. These findings are driven by Hispanics who are categorized as Black. Given the demographic importance of Hispanics to the future of the United States, our investigation suggests that skin stratification will continue to be an important source of inequality in American society.
The liability of foundation councils: an uphill battle for beneficiaries?
Authors: Auer Sebastian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The question of liability of a foundation council remains one of the most important issues in foundation law practice and is at the root of many conflicts in the Liechtenstein foundation landscape. This article seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the key principles of this topic by outlining some of the elements forming the very complex legal framework of Liechtenstein's laws of liability. A closer look at the more recent hot-button issues in light of the Supreme Court's case law reveals a multitude of legal issues ultimately rendering attempts by beneficiaries to hold the foundation council accountable an uphill battle.
Risk factors for fatal scorpion envenoming among Brazilian children: a case–control study
Authors: Almeida Ana Caroline C , Carvalho Fernando M , Mise Yukari F 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Scorpion envenoming is relatively frequent in tropical and subtropical regions and potentially fatal. We aimed to identify risk factors for fatal scorpion envenoming among Brazilian children.

Methods
A case–control study investigated all fatal cases of scorpion envenoming among children up to 10 y old, reported to the Brazilian Diseases Surveillance System between 1 January 2007 and 18 July 2016. Controls were randomly sampled from children who survived the envenoming over this period. Data were analysed using logistic regression.

Results
Of the 254 cases and 1083 controls investigated, the identified risk factors were age ≤5 y, occurred in a rural area, time-to-treatment ≥3 h, treatment with scorpion antivenom (SAV) but either excessive or insufficient number of vials, treatment with antivenom that was neither SAV nor anti-spider and no antivenom administered compared with the standard recommended treatment. Treatment effectiveness at preventing fatal scorpion envenoming was 77.0% when time-to-treatment was &lt;3 h and 75% in children 9–10 y of age. SAV was 63% effective at preventing death when administered early at the recommended dosage.

Conclusions
Fatal scorpion envenoming was associated with younger age, incident occurring in a rural area, late treatment and inadequate antivenom treatment. SAV was effective at preventing death when administered early.
Risk for development of active tuberculosis in patients with chronic airway disease—a systematic review of evidence
Authors: Hamada Yohhei , Fong Christopher J , Copas Andrew , Hurst John R , Rangaka Molebogeng X 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Reports suggest an increased risk of tuberculosis (TB) in people with chronic airway diseases (CADs) such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but evidence has not been systematically reviewed. We performed a systematic review by searching MEDLINE and Embase for studies published from 1 January 1993 to 15 January 2021 reporting the association between the incident risk of TB in people with CADs (asthma, COPD and bronchiectasis). Two reviewers independently assessed the quality of individual studies. We included nine studies, with two from low-income high TB burden countries. Three cohort studies reported a statistically significant independent association between COPD and the risk of TB in high-income countries (n=711 389). Hazard ratios for incident TB ranged from 1.44 to 3.14 adjusted for multiple confounders including age, sex and comorbidity. There was large between-study heterogeneity (I2=97.0%) across studies. The direction of effect on the TB risk from asthma was inconsistent. Chronic bronchitis or bronchiectasis studies were limited. The small number of available studies demonstrated an increased risk of TB in people with COPD; however, the magnitude of the increase varies by setting and population. Data in high TB burden countries and for other CADs are limited.
Total Transperineal Laparoscopic Proctectomy for the Treatment of Crohn’s Proctitis
Authors: Springer Jeremy E. , Guber Robert D. , Davids Jennifer S. , Sturrock Paul R. , Alavi Karim , Maykel Justin A. 
Published: July 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Completion proctectomy is traditionally performed using a combination of abdominal and perineal approaches. Access to and exposure of the pelvis through the abdominal cavity can be limited in patients with prior surgery or inflammatory conditions. We describe a novel technique for a total transperineal approach for proctectomy for Crohn’s proctitis, avoiding technical challenges, risks, and recovery associated with abdominal surgery.

TECHNIQUE:
We utilized the skills and expertise acquired from our experience with transanal total mesorectal excision to perform a total transperineal laparoscopic proctectomy in a male patient with medically refractory proctitis. He previously underwent an anterior resection, drainage of a chronic presacral abscess, omental pedicle flap transposition to the pelvis, and end colostomy for severe Crohn’s colitis. The total transperineal laparoscopic proctectomy approach avoids the need for abdominal access, including the risks associated with abdominal entry, adhesiolysis, pelvic access and visualization, and wound-related issues. Following an initial intersphincteric perineal dissection, the GelPOINT Path minimal access platform is utilized to perform a total transperineal proctectomy.

RESULTS:
The patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged to home 2 days after surgery. At 1-month postoperative follow-up, the patient is recovering well with complete healing of the perineal wound.

CONCLUSION:
We demonstrate the feasibility, safety, and technical steps of a minimally invasive completion proctectomy for fistulizing Crohn’s proctitis by using a total transperineal approach. This approach allowed us to utilize direct, inline, high-definition visualization to access and safely operate in the distal aspects of a narrow, scarred, and fibrotic pelvis while avoiding the need for any abdominal access. Advanced experience with redo pelvic and minimally invasive transanal surgery is critical. See Video at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B664.
N-glycosylation of immunoglobulin G predicts incident hypertension
Authors: Kifer Domagoj , Louca Panayiotis , Cvetko Ana , Deriš Helena , Cindrić Ana , Grallert Harald , Peters Annette , Polašek Ozren , Gornik Olga , Mangino Massimo , Spector Tim D. , Valdes Ana M. , Padmanabhan Sandosh , Gieger Christian , Lauc Gordan , Menni Cristina 
Published: July 2021

Objectives:
Glycosylation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) is an important regulator of the immune system and has been implicated in prevalent hypertension. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the IgG glycome begins to change prior to hypertension diagnosis by analysing the IgG glycome composition in a large population-based female cohort with two independent replication samples.

Methods:
We included 989 unrelated cases with incident hypertension and 1628 controls from the TwinsUK cohort (mean follow-up time of 6.3 years) with IgG measured at baseline by ultra-performance liquid chromatography and longitudinal BP measurement available. We replicated our findings in 106 individuals from the 10 001 Dalmatians and 729 from KORA S4. Cox regression mixed models were applied to identify changes in glycan traits preincident hypertension, after adjusting for age, mean arterial pressure, BMI, family relatedness and multiple testing (FDR < 0.1). Significant IgG-incident hypertension associations were replicated in the two independent cohorts by leveraging Cox regression mixed models in the 10 001 Dalmatians and logistic regression models in the KORA cohort.

Results:
We identified and replicated four glycan traits, incidence of bisecting GlcNAc, GP4, GP9 and GP21, that are predictive of incident hypertension after adjusting for confoundes and multiple testing [hazard ratio (95% CI) ranging from 0.45 (0.24–0.84) for GP21 to 2.9 (1.5–5.68) for GP4]. We then linearly combined the four replicated glycans and found that the glycan score correlated with incident hypertension, SBP and DBP.

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that the IgG glycome changes prior to the development of hypertension.
Pulse wave velocity in South African women and children: comparison between the Mobil-O-Graph and SphygmoCor XCEL devices
Authors: Kolkenbeck-Ruh Andrea , Soepnel Larske Marit , Kim Andrew Wooyoung , Naidoo Sanushka , Smith Wayne , Davies Justine , Ware Lisa Jayne 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) is the gold-standard noninvasive measure of arterial stiffness. Data comparing tonometry-based devices such as the SphygmoCor XCEL to simpler brachial-cuff-based estimates of PWV, such as from the Mobil-O-Graph in African populations are sparse. We therefore aimed to compare PWV measured by the Mobil-O-Graph and the SphygmoCor XCEL device in a sample of South African women and children.

Methods:
Women (n = 85) 29 years [interquartile range (IQR): 29–69] and their children/grandchildren (n = 27) 7 years (IQR: 4–11) were recruited for PWV measurement with Mobil-O-Graph and SphygmoCor XCEL on the same day. Wilcoxon signed-rank test, regression analysis, spearman correlation and Bland–Altman plots were used for PWV comparison between devices.

Results:
For adults, the SphygmoCor XCEL device had a significantly higher PWV (7.3 m/s, IQR: 6.4–8.5) compared with the Mobil-O-Graph (5.9 m/s, IQR: 5.0–8.1, P = 0.001) with a correlation coefficient of 0.809 (P ≤ 0.001). Bland--Altman analysis indicated an acceptable level of agreement but significant bias (mean difference PWV: 0.90 ± 1.02 m/s; limits of agreement: −1.10 to 2.90). The odds of having a PWV difference more than 1 m/s decreased with a higher age [odds ratio (OR): 0.95, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.92–0.98] and increased with greater height (OR: 1.10, 95% CI = 1.01–1.21, P = 0.03) in multivariable analysis. In children, the Bland–Altman indicated an excellent level of agreement (−0.03 ± 0.63 m/s; limits of agreement: −1.26 to 1.21), but no correlation was found (r
s = 0.08, P = 0.71).

Conclusion:
Particularly in younger and taller women, the Mobil-O-Graph significantly underestimated PWV compared with the SphygmoCor. Although no correlation was found between the two devices for children, further research is required due to the small sample size. Furthermore, the clinical value of both methods in young African populations requires further investigation.
Brief Report: HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Prescribing in an Urban Safety-Net Health System
Authors: Agovi Afiba Manza-A. , Anikpo Ifedioranma , Cvitanovich Matthew J. , Fasanmi Esther O. , Ojha Rohit P. , Marcus Julia L. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
Safety-net health systems are key settings for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) implementation, but little evidence is available about the frequency of PrEP prescribing in safety-net settings. We assessed PrEP prescribing among people with indications for PrEP at an urban safety-net health system that serves a county designated as an Ending the HIV Epidemic priority jurisdiction.

Methods:
We identified adults (aged 18 years or older) who engaged in primary care between January 2015 and December 2019 and had a documented indication for PrEP. PrEP indications included the presence of a behavioral or sexual risk factor of HIV acquisition or a positive bacterial sexually transmitted infection at the index visit. PrEP prescribing was defined as the proportion of patients with indications for PrEP who received a new prescription for PrEP. We estimated the cumulative incidence of PrEP prescription with corresponding 95% confidence limits (CL).

Results:
Our study population comprised 2957 individuals, of whom 58% was aged younger than 45 years, 56% was women, 67% was racial or ethnic minorities, and 60% was uninsured or provided care as part of a hospital-based managed care plan for individuals without insurance. We identified 41 individuals who were prescribed PrEP. The cumulative incidence of PrEP prescribing within 1 year of the first documented PrEP indication was 1.3% (95% CL: 0.91% to 1.7%).

Conclusions:
Our results suggest extremely low frequency of PrEP prescribing among people with indications for PrEP in an urban safety-net health system. Strategies are needed to improve PrEP implementation in high-priority populations and safety-net settings.
68Ga-PSMA Uptake Patterns of Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma Across Different Histopathological Subtypes
Authors: Oflas Melis , Ozluk Yasemin , Sanli Oner , Ozkan Zeynep Gozde , Kuyumcu Serkan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

68Ga–prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT is a well-established imaging modality in patients with prostate cancer; however, PSMA expression is also reported in the tumor-associated neovasculature, including but not limited to hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, and renal cell carcinoma. Herein, we present 2 patients diagnosed with different histopathological subtypes of renal cell carcinoma who underwent 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT before surgery. Both cases have different PSMA expression characteristics and are presented along with pathological findings.
Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identifies specific modules and hub genes related to Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Yang Min , Wu Xing-Quan , Ding Chuan-Bo , Zhang Guo-Feng , Li Min , Lv Li-Na , Li Yu-Hui , Sun Dong-Wen , Zhao Jian-Jun 
Published: July 2021

Objective
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. This study aims to screen specific modules and key genes related to PD.

Methods
Gene expression profile data GSE6613 and GSE22491 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in different datasets were screened, followed by gene ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. The Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was used to screen disease-related modules that are significantly stable across datasets. The protein–protein interaction network was constructed using the DEGs in the stable module obtained and preservation modules. Finally, the hub genes directly related to PD were screened.

Results
A total of 179 DEGs with the same significant difference direction were screened. The enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG pathways showed that 20 significantly related GO biological processes and 9 KEGG signaling pathways were screened. A total of three highly conservative modules were detected in the WGCNA network. Finally, three significant PD-related KEGG pathways screened from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database were identified, including neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction (CRHR2, CTSG, GRIN1, GRIN2D, LPAR4 and P2RX3), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (BCL2, GRIN1 and GRIN2D) and alcoholism (CAMKK2, GRIN1, GRIN2D and SLC18A2). Key genes, such as SLC18A2, GRIN1 and GRIN2D, may be potential candidate genes for PD progression.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that SLC18A2, GRIN1 and GRIN2D may play an important role in the pathogenesis of PD.
Binocular integrated visual field deficits are associated with changes in local network function in primary open-angle glaucoma: a resting-state fMRI study
Authors: Demaria Giorgia , Invernizzi Azzurra , Ombelet Daniel , Carvalho Joana C. , Renken Remco J. , Cornelissen Frans W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRecent brain imaging studies have shown that the degenerative eye damage generally observed in the clinical setting, also extends intracranially. Both structural and functional brain changes have been observed in glaucoma participants, but we still lack an understanding of whether these changes also affect the integrity of cortical functional networks. This is relevant, as functional network integrity may affect the applicability of future treatments, as well as the options for rehabilitation or training. Here, we compare global and local functional connectivity between glaucoma and controls. Moreover, we study the relationship between functional connectivity and visual field (VF) loss.For our study, 20 subjects with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and 24 age-similar healthy participants were recruited to undergo a complete ophthalmic assessment followed by two resting-state (RS) (f)MRI scans. For each scan and for each group, the ROIs with EC values higher than the 95th percentile were considered the most central brain regions (“hubs”). Hubs for which we found a significant difference in EC in both scans between glaucoma and healthy were considered to provide evidence for network changes. In addition, for each participant, behavioural scores were derived based on the notion that a brain region’s hub function might relate to the: 1) sensitivity of the worse eye – indicating disease severity, 2) sensitivity of both eyes combined – with one eye potentially compensating for loss in the other, or 3) difference in eye sensitivity – requiring additional network interactions. By correlating each of these VF scores and the EC values, we assessed whether VF defects could be associated with centrality alterations in POAG. Our results show that no functional connectivity disruptions were found at the global brain level in POAG participants. This indicates that in glaucoma global brain network communication is preserved. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between the EC value of the Lingual Gyrus, identified as a brain hub, and the behavioural score for the VF sensitivity of both eyes combined. The fact that reduced local network functioning is associated with reduced sensitivity of the binocular VF suggests the presence of local brain reorganisation that has a bearing on functional visual abilities.
Genetic, structural and clinical analysis of spastic paraplegia 4
Authors: Varghaei Parizad , Estiar Mehrdad A , Ashtiani Setareh , Veyron Simon , Mufti Kheireddin , Leveille Etienne , Yu Eric , Spiegelman Dan , Rioux Marie-France , Yoon Grace , Tarnopolsky Mark , Boycott Kym M. , Dupre Nicolas , Suchowersky Oksana , Trempe Jean-François , Rouleau Guy A. , Gan-Or Ziv 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionSpastic paraplegia type 4 (SPG4), resulting from heterozygous mutations in the SPAST gene, is the most common form among the heterogeneous group of hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs). We aimed to study genetic and clinical characteristics of SPG4 across Canada.MethodsThe SPAST gene was analyzed in a total of 696 HSP patients from 431 families by either HSP-gene panel sequencing or whole exome sequencing (WES). We used Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification to analyze copy number variations (CNVs), and performed in silico structural analysis of selected mutations. Clinical characteristics of patients were assessed, and long-term follow-up was done to study genotype-phenotype correlations.ResultsWe identified 157 SPG4 patients from 65 families who carried 41 different SPAST mutations, six of which are novel and six are CNVs. We report novel aspects of mutations occurring in Arg499, a case with homozygous mutation, a family with probable compound heterozygous mutations, three patients with de novo mutations, three cases with pathogenic synonymous mutation, co-occurrence of SPG4 and clinically isolated syndrome, and novel or rarely reported signs and symptoms seen in SPG4 patients.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that SPG4 is a heterogeneous type of HSP, with diverse genetic features and clinical manifestations. In rare cases, biallelic inheritance, de novo mutation, pathogenic synonymous mutations and CNVs should be considered.