bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postoperative morbidity and mortality after surgical resection of small bowel neuroendocrine neoplasms: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kaçmaz Enes , Chen Jeffrey W. , Tanis Pieter J. , Nieveen van Dijkum Els J. M. , Engelsman Anton F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough small bowel resection is generally considered a low risk gastrointestinal procedure, this might not be true for small bowel neuroendocrine neoplasms (SB‐NEN) as a result of potential central mesenteric involvement. We aimed to determine the reported morbidity and mortality after resection of SB‐NEN in the literature and assess the effect of hospital volume on postoperative morbidity and mortality. A systematic review was performed by searching MEDLINE and Embase in March 2021. All studies reporting morbidity and/or mortality after SB‐NEN resection were included. Pooled proportions of overall morbidity (Clavien‐Dindo I‐IV), severe morbidity (Clavien‐Dindo III‐IV), 30‐day mortality, 90‐day mortality and in‐hospital mortality were calculated, as well as the association with hospital volume (high volume defined as the fourth quartile). Thirteen studies were included, with a total of 1087 patients. Pooled proportions revealed an overall morbidity of 13% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 7%‐24%, I2 = 90%), severe morbidity of 7% (95% CI = 4%‐14%, I2 = 70%), 30‐day mortality of 2% (95% CI = 1%‐3%, I2 = 0%), 90‐day mortality of2% (95% CI = 2%‐4%, I2 = 35%) and in‐hospital mortality of 1% (95% CI = 0%‐2%, I2 = 0%). An annual hospital volume of nine or more resections was associated with lower overall and severe morbidity compared to lower volume: 10% vs 15% and 4% vs 9%, respectively. Thirty‐day mortality was similar (2% vs 1%) and 90‐day mortality was higher in high‐volume hospitals: 4% vs 1%. This systematic review with meta‐analyses showed severe morbidity of 7% and low mortality rates after resection of SB‐NEN. The currently available literature suggests a certain impact of hospital volume on postoperative outcomes, although heterogeneity among the included studies constrains interpretation.
A TOR1AIP1 variant segregating with an early onset limb girdle myasthenia—Support for the role of LAP1 in NMJ function and disease
Authors: Malfatti Edoardo , Catchpool Tara , Nouioua Sonia , Sihem Hellal , Fournier Emmanuel , Carlier Robert Y. , Cardone Nastasia , Davis Mark R. , Laing Nigel G. , Sternberg Damien , Ravenscroft Gianina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRare pathogenic variants in TOR1AIP1 (OMIM 614512), coding the inner nuclear membrane protein lamin‐associated protein 1 (LAP1), have been associated with a spectrum of disorders including limb girdle muscular dystrophy with cardiac involvement and a severe multisystem phenotype. Recently, Cossins et al reported two siblings with limb girdle muscular dystrophy and impaired transmission of the neuromuscular synapse, demonstrating that defective LAP1 may lead to a congenital myasthenic syndrome. Herein, we describe the association of TOR1AIP1 deficiency with congenital myasthenic syndrome in three siblings.
Linking xylem network failure with leaf tissue death
Authors: Brodribb Timothy , Brodersen Craig R. , Carriqui Marc , Tonet Vanessa , Rodriguez Dominguez Celia , McAdam Scott 
Published: June 2021

Summary

Global warming is expected to dramatically accelerate forest mortality as temperature and drought intensity increase. Predicting the magnitude of this impact urgently requires an understanding of the process connecting atmospheric drying to plant tissue damage. Recent episodes of forest mortality worldwide have been widely attributed to dry conditions causing acute damage to plant vascular systems. Under this scenario vascular embolisms produced by water stress are thought to cause plant death, yet this hypothetical trajectory has never been empirically demonstrated.

Here we provide foundational evidence connecting failure in the vascular network of leaves with tissue damage caused during water stress.

We observe a catastrophic sequence initiated by water column breakage under tension in leaf veins which severs local leaf tissue water supply, immediately causing acute cellular dehydration and irreversible damage.

By highlighting the primacy of vascular network failure in the death of leaves exposed to drought or evaporative stress our results provide a strong mechanistic foundation upon which models of plant damage in response to dehydration can be confidently structured.
Tree water uptake enhances nitrogen acquisition in a fertilized boreal forest – but not under nitrogen‐poor conditions
Authors: Henriksson Nils , Lim Hyungwoo , Marshall John , Franklin Oskar , McMurtrie Ross E. , Lutter Reimo , Magh Ruth , Lundmark Tomas , Näsholm Torgny 
Published: June 2021

SummaryUnderstanding how plant water uptake interacts with acquisition of soil nitrogen (N) and other nutrients is fundamental for predicting plant responses to a changing environment, but it is an area where models disagree.We present a novel isotopic labelling approach which reveals spatial patterns of water and N uptake, and their interaction, by trees. The stable isotopes15N and2H were applied to a small area of the forest floor in stands with high and low soil N availability. Uptake by surrounding trees was measured. The sensitivity of N acquisition to water uptake was quantified by statistical modelling.Trees in the high‐N stand acquired twice as much15N as in the low‐N stand and around half of their N uptake was dependent on water uptake (2H enrichment). By contrast, in the low‐N stand there was no positive effect of water uptake on N uptake.We conclude that tree N acquisition was only marginally dependent on water flux toward the root surface under low‐N conditions whereas under high‐N conditions, the water‐associated N uptake was substantial. The results suggest a fundamental shift in N acquisition strategy under high‐N conditions.
A partially sex‐reversed giant kelp sheds light into the mechanisms of sexual differentiation in a UV sexual system
Authors: Müller Dieter G. , Gaschet Enora , Godfroy Olivier , Gueno Josselin , Cossard Guillaume , Kunert Maritta , Peters Akira F. , Westermeier Renato , Boland Wilhelm , Cock J. Mark , Lipinska Agnieszka P. , Coelho Susana M. 
Published: June 2021

Summary

In UV sexual systems, sex is determined during the haploid phase of the life cycle and males have a V chromosome whereas females have a U chromosome. Previous work in the brown alga Ectocarpus revealed that the V chromosome has a dominant role in male sex determination and suggested that the female developmental programme may occur by ‘default’.

Here, we describe the identification of a genetically male giant kelp strain presenting phenotypic features typical of a female, despite lacking the U‐specific region. The conversion to the female developmental programme is however incomplete, because gametes of this feminized male are unable to produce the sperm‐attracting pheromone lamoxirene. We identify the transcriptomic patterns underlying the male and female specific developmental programmes, and show that the phenotypic feminization is associated with both feminization and de‐masculinization of gene expression patterns. Importantly, the feminization phenotype was associated with dramatic downregulation of two V‐specific genes including a candidate male‐determining gene.

Our results reveal the transcriptional changes associated with sexual differentiation in a UV system, and contribute to disentangling the role of sex‐linked and autosomal gene expression in the initiation of sex‐specific developmental programmes.

Overall, the data presented here imply that the U‐specific region is not required to initiate the female developmental programme, but is critical to produce fully functional eggs, arguing against the idea that female is the ‘default’ sex in this species.
Grow and Advance through Intentional Networking: A pilot program to foster connections within the Women's Empowerment and Leadership Initiative in the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia
Authors: Margolis Rebecca D. , Berenstain Laura K. , Janosy Norah , Yanofsky Samuel , Tackett Sean , Schwartz Jamie McElrath , Lee Jennifer K. , Deutsch Nina , Sinskey Jina L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Women's Empowerment and Leadership Initiative in the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia was established to support women's efforts to achieve promotion, leadership positions, and equity in pediatric anesthesiology through coaching, mentoring, sponsorship, and networking. Career advancement relies on the establishment of mentoring relationships within institutions and at regional and national levels. Prior to the SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID‐19) pandemic, networking was primarily conducted at large national meetings.AimsWhen national meetings were canceled by the COVID‐19 pandemic, the Women's Empowerment and Leadership Initiative sought to reduce networking barriers by creating a pilot program called “Grow and Advance through Intentional Networking” (GAIN).Materials & MethodsMonthly 1‐h virtual GAIN sessions were developed based on topics requested by the Women's Empowerment and Leadership Initiative members. Faculty facilitated psychologically safe small‐group discussions to maximize engagement.ResultsWe present an overview of our pilot GAIN program, which has been well received by the Women's Empowerment and Leadership Initiative members and met with continuous demand for more sessions.DiscussionProfessional networking is critical for career advancement and for developing and maintaining a sense of community and well‐being. Early‐ and mid‐career physicians depend on these relationships to facilitate academic productivity and promotion.ConclusionPrograms like the Women's Empowerment and Leadership Initiative GAIN are critical for advancing our specialty and supporting the well‐being of pediatric anesthesiologists. GAIN addresses barriers to professional networking, including during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Spinozan Doxasticism About Delusions
Authors: Bongiorno Federico 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Spinozan theory of belief fixation holds that mentally representing truth‐apt propositions leads to immediately believing them. In this paper, I explore how the theory fares as a defence of doxasticism about delusions (the view that they are beliefs). Doxasticism has been criticised on the grounds that delusions typically do not abide by rational standards that we expect beliefs to conform to. If belief fixation is Spinozan, I argue, these deviations from rationality are not just compatible with, but supportive of, their status as beliefs.
Adventitious roots support population expansion of the invasive plant Mikania micrantha Kunth
Authors: Shen Shicai , Xu Gaofeng , Li Diyu , Yang Shaosong , Jin Guimei , Liu Shufang , Clements David Roy , Chen Aidong , Zhang Fudou , Wen Lila , Tao Qiong , Zhang Shuiying , Yang Jiazhen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMikania micrantha Kunth is a serious invasive alien plant characterized by the formation of an adventitious root system in its prostrate growth form. Unlike the initial roots from seed germination, adventitious roots gradually appear above the stem and branch nodes. Little is known about adventitious roots play on plant growth and population expansion of M. micrantha. We hypothesized that adventitious roots provide an advantage for plant growth and nutrient availability. To test this hypothesis, plant growth, physiology, and nutrition characteristics of M. micrantha were measured under four soil surface conditions allowing various plant parts to touch the soil to stimulate variable adventitious root formation. The results showed that the biomass, stem length, branch number, and adventitious root biomass of M. micrantha were significantly increased (P < 0.05) with increasing nodes bearing adventitious roots. As the number of nodes with adventitious roots increased, the net photosynthetic rate, antioxidant enzyme activities like superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and malondialdehyde, chlorophyll content, and plant nutrient contents (N, P, and K) of M. micrantha were increased (P < 0.05), with higher values in main stem leaves than in those of branch leaves. The concentrations of soil organic matter, total N, total P, total K, available N, available P, and available K were greater (P < 0.05) in initial soil (CK) than in treatment soil (with M. micrantha) and were significantly reduced by adventitious roots. Our study was the first to show that plant growth, physiology and nutrition status of M. micrantha were strongly promoted by adventitious roots in the prostrate growth form.
Federal Regulation and Mortality in the 50 States
Authors: Broughel James , Chambers Dustin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrevious research speculates that some regulations are counterproductive in the sense that they increase (rather than decrease) mortality risk. However, few empirical studies have measured the extent to which this phenomenon holds across the regulatory system as a whole. Using a novel U.S. state panel data set spanning the period 2000–2014, we estimate the effect of U.S. federal regulation on state‐level mortality. We find that a 1% increase in federal regulation of state economies is associated with an increase in an index of state mortality of between 0.53% and 1.35%. These findings are robust to the form of mortality measure, choice of covariates, and the inclusion/exclusion of various regions, states, and industries. We also provide an update of the “cost‐per‐life saved cutoff,” which is the counterproductive risk threshold for expenditures. We find that expenditures in excess of $38.6 million (2019 dollars) per life saved can be expected to increase mortality risk. This article fills an important gap in the empirical literature and boosts the credibility of mortality risk analysis, whereby public policymakers weigh both the expected lives saved and lost due to a proposed regulation or other policy.
Which Attitudes for the Fitting Attitude Analysis of Value?
Authors: Deonna Julien A. , Teroni Fabrice 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAccording to the fitting attitude (FA) analysis of value concepts, to conceive of an object as having a given value is to conceive of it as being such that a certain evaluative attitude taken towards it would be fitting. Among the challenges that this analysis has to face, two are especially pressing. The first is a psychological challenge: the FA analysis must call upon attitudes that shed light on our value concepts while not presupposing the mastery of these concepts. The second challenge is normative: the FA analysis must account for the fittingness of the relevant attitudes in terms of a kind of normativity intimately related to these attitudes, but again without presupposing the mastery of the relevant value concepts. In this paper, we show that real progress is possible if we pay close attention to the nature of the attitudes recruited by the analysis. More specifically, we claim that an FA analysis that appeals to emotions conceived as evaluative attitudes — as opposed to, for instance, evaluative judgements or evaluative perceptions — has the best prospects of meeting the two challenges and of putting the FA analysis on a strong footing.
The evolution of the phenylpropanoid pathway entailed pronounced radiations and divergences of enzyme families
Authors: de Vries Sophie , Fürst‐Jansen Janine M. R. , Irisarri Iker , Dhabalia Ashok Amra , Ischebeck Till , Feussner Kirstin , Abreu Ilka N , Petersen Maike , Feussner Ivo , de Vries Jan 
Published: June 2021

SUMMARYLand plants constantly respond to fluctuations in their environment. Part of their response is the production of a diverse repertoire of specialized metabolites. One of the foremost sources for metabolites relevant to environmental responses is the phenylpropanoid pathway, which was long thought to be a land‐plant‐specific adaptation shaped by selective forces in the terrestrial habitat. Recent data have, however, revealed that streptophyte algae, the algal relatives of land plants, have candidates for the genetic toolkit for phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and produce phenylpropanoid‐derived metabolites. Using phylogenetic and sequence analyses, we here show that the enzyme families that orchestrate pivotal steps in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis have independently undergone pronounced radiations and divergence in multiple lineages of major groups of land plants; sister to many of these radiated gene families are streptophyte algal candidates for these enzymes. These radiations suggest a high evolutionary versatility in the enzyme families involved in the phenylpropanoid‐derived metabolism across embryophytes. We suggest that this versatility likely translates into functional divergence, and may explain the key to one of the defining traits of embryophytes: a rich specialized metabolism.
Reliability of Manually Segmenting T1ρ Magnetic Resonance Sequences of Talar Articular Cartilage
Authors: Song Kyeongtak , Kosik Kyle B. , Gribble Phillip A. , Wikstrom Erik A. 
Published: June 2021

Context: Quantifying early posttraumatic ankle osteoarthritis pathogenesis using compositional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging sequences is becoming more common. These MR sequences are often manually segmented to isolate the cartilage of interest before cartilage compositional values (eg, T1ρ or T2) are quantified. However, limited information is available regarding the reliability and reproducibility of manual segmentation for the entire talar dome. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the intraobserver and interobserver reliability of manually segmenting T1ρ MR sequences of the entire talar dome and 4 subregions of interest. Design: Descriptive observational study. Setting: Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Ten uninjured healthy individuals (4M and 6F: 21.40 [3.03] y, 170.00 [7.93] cm, 71.03 [14.97] kg) participated. Intervention: None. Main Outcome Measures: Two investigators manually segmented 10 T1ρ ankle MR sequences using ITK-SNAP software to calculate T1ρ mean relaxation times and cartilage volumes. Each observer repeated the segmentation twice, with segmentations separated by 1 month. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability was determined using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) with 95% confidence intervals and root mean square coefficient of variations (RMSCVs). Results: For T1ρ relaxation time, intraobserver (ICC = .994–.997, RMSCV = 1.31%–1.51%) and interobserver reliability (ICC = .990, RMSCV = 2.36%) was excellent for the overall talar dome. Excellent intraobserver (ICC = .975–.980, RMSCV = 3.88%–4.59%) and excellent interobserver reliability (ICC = .970, RMSCV = 5.13%) was noted for overall talar cartilage volume. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that manual segmentation of the entire talar dome from a T1ρ MR is reliable and repeatable.
Alpine relief limited by glacial occupation time
Authors: Salcher Bernhard , Prasicek Günther , Baumann Sebastian , Kober Florian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGlaciers exert a major control on the shape of mountain topography. They tend to reduce relief above and scour troughs below the equilibrium line altitude (ELA). While many studies report this dichotomy, relief-limiting effects are controversial due to difficulties in quantifying key factors such as the initial topography, the timing of glacial occupancy, or rock uplift counteracting glacial erosion. Consequently, effectivity and degree of glacial erosion remain ambiguous. In geologically and climatically well-investigated parts of the European Central Alps, our calculation of glacial occupation time (GOT) from Quaternary ELA variations allows the quantification of gradual topographic modifications generated by the cumulative impact of cirque erosion over the Quaternary. We show that under low uplift, relief is effectively limited by glacial and periglacial headwall retreat, leading to a decline in topographic relief as GOT increases. Conversely, higher uplift rates seem to induce more persistent valley glaciation, triggering a positive feedback loop in which steep slopes are protected against erosion and relief increases.
How fast do submarine fans grow? Insights from the Quaternary Golo fans, offshore Corsica
Authors: Sweet Michael L. , Gaillot Gwladys T. , Rittenour Tammy M. , Love Kathrine , Blum Michael D. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
High-resolution seismic, core, and chronological data from the Quaternary Golo deep-sea fans, offshore Corsica, France, give new insights into rates of submarine fan growth. Average vertical deposition rates for units that represent the Late Pleistocene glacial periods are 0.1–0.5 m/k.y. Glacial-age deposits are sand rich; in contrast, post-glacial deposits lack a significant sand fraction and are dominated by carbonate-rich mud. As a result, seismically constrained volumetric rates of deposition for glacial periods with low sea level and a subaerially exposed shelf are ∼0.23 km3/k.y., 2×–5× higher than rates during interglacials when sea level is high, the shelf is submerged, and sand is trapped in shallow-marine environments. At millennial time scales, variations in deposition rate reflect climate-driven sea-level changes, autogenic avulsion of river channels that extend across the shelf during low sea level, and autogenic avulsion of submarine channels that shift the locus of deposition laterally. Short-term deposition rates range from 8.6 m/k.y. at proximal portions of submarine fans to 0.4 m/k.y. along the distal fringe. Our data show that submarine fans can be dynamic environments with formation and evolution of levee-confined channels and lobe complexes in 103–104 yr, comparable to the time scales needed to form fluvial channel belts and delta lobes.
Contrasting northern and southern European winter climate trends during the Last Interglacial
Authors: Salonen J. Sakari , Sánchez-Goñi Maria Fernanda , Renssen Hans , Plikk Anna 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Last Interglacial (LIG; 130–115 ka) is an important test bed for climate science as an instance of significantly warmer than preindustrial global temperatures. However, LIG climate patterns remain poorly resolved, especially for winter, affected by a suite of strong feedbacks such as changes in sea-ice cover in the high latitudes. We present a synthesis of winter temperature and precipitation proxy data from the Atlantic seaboard of Europe, spanning from southern Iberia to the Arctic. Our data reveal distinct, opposite latitudinal climate trends, including warming winters seen in the European Arctic while cooling and drying occurred in southwest Europe over the LIG. Climate model simulations for 130 and 120 ka suggest these contrasting climate patterns were affected by a shift toward an atmospheric circulation regime with an enhanced meridional pressure gradient and strengthened midlatitude westerlies, leading to a strong reduction in precipitation across southern Europe.
GUT-Monopole Searches by Means of Deep Underwater Baikal Neutrino Telescope
Authors: Gaponenko O. N. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The procedure for Grand Unified Theory (GUT) monopole searches by means of the NT200 Baikal neutrino detector is described. Event-selection and background-suppression algorithms are discussed in detail. Limits on the flux of slow monopoles are presented and are compared with theoretical predictions and with the results of other experiments.