bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin B status and association with antiseizure medication in pregnant women with epilepsy
Authors: Husebye Elisabeth Synnøve Nilsen , Riedel Bettina , Bjørke‐Monsen Anne‐Lise , Spigset Olav , Daltveit Anne Kjersti , Gilhus Nils Erik , Bjørk Marte Helene 
Published: September 2021

SummaryObjectiveAntiseizure medication (ASM) use interacts with vitamin B status in nonpregnant epilepsy populations. We aimed to examine the association between ASM and vitamin B status in pregnant women with epilepsy.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional study of pregnancies in women with epilepsy enrolled in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study from 1999 to 2008. Data on ASM and vitamin supplement use were collected from questionnaires. We analyzed maternal plasma concentrations of ASM and metabolites of folate, including unmetabolized folic acid (UMFA), riboflavin (vitamin B2), pyridoxine (vitamin B6), and niacin (vitamin B3) during gestational weeks 17–19.ResultsWe included 227 singleton pregnancies exposed to ASM with available plasma samples (median maternal age 29 years, range 18 to 41 years). From the preconception period to gestational week 20, any supplement of folic acid was reported in 208 of pregnancies (94%), riboflavin in 72 (33%), pyridoxine in 77 (35%), and niacin in 45 (20%). High ASM concentrations correlated with high concentrations of UMFA and inactive folate metabolites, and with low concentrations of riboflavin and metabolically active pyridoxine. There was no association between ASM and niacin status.SignificanceASM concentrations during pregnancy were associated with vitamin B status in pregnant women with epilepsy. Additional studies are needed to determine the clinical impact of these findings, and to define the optimal vitamin doses that should be recommended to improve pregnancy outcomes.
Equine limb cellulitis/lymphangitis resulting in distal limb ischaemia and avulsion of the hoof capsule
Authors: Duggan M. , Mair T. , Fews D. 
Published: September 2021

SummaryLimb cellulitis/lymphangitis is a well‐recognised syndrome in horses, but there are limited published reports concerning outcomes and complications. This report describes a horse with hindlimb cellulitis/lymphangitis that developed ischaemia of the distal limb resulting in necrosis of the suspensory ligament branches and avulsion of the hoof capsule. A 16‐year‐old Thoroughbred mare was referred for further investigation and treatment of a left hindlimb cellulitis/lymphangitis. The culture of a swab taken from superficial pustules on the leg yielded a moderate growth of coliform bacteria and a profuse growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Treatment included systemic antimicrobials (based on the results of culture and sensitivity), phenylbutazone, dexamethasone, morphine and paracetamol. Following some initial clinical improvement, hyperextension of the metatarsophalangeal joint was noted on Day 5 of hospitalisation. Complete avulsion of the ipsilateral hoof capsule occurred on Day 10, and the horse was immediately euthanised. A limited post‐mortem examination revealed necrosis of the suspensory ligament branches. Fibrin thrombi, interstitial haemorrhage and oedema were identified in the suspensory ligament branches and adjacent subcutaneous tissues, with thrombi in relatively large vessels. The dermal laminae were extensively necrotic, and the majority of the lamellar vasculature contained fibrin thrombi.
Continental risk assessment for understudied taxa post‐catastrophic wildfire indicates severe impacts on the Australian bee fauna
Authors: Dorey James B. , Rebola Celina M. , Davies Olivia K. , Prendergast Kit S. , Parslow Ben A. , Hogendoorn Katja , Leijs Remko , Hearn Lucas R. , Leitch Emrys J. , O’Reilly Robert L. , Marsh Jessica , Woinarski John C. Z. , Caddy‐Retalic Stefan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe 2019–2020 Australian Black Summer wildfires demonstrated that single events can have widespread and catastrophic impacts on biodiversity, causing a sudden and marked reduction in population size for many species. In such circumstances, there is a need for conservation managers to respond rapidly to implement priority remedial management actions for the most‐affected species to help prevent extinctions. To date, priority responses have been biased towards high‐profile taxa with substantial information bases. Here, we demonstrate that sufficient data are available to model the extinction risk for many less well‐known species, which could inform much broader and more effective ecological disaster responses. Using publicly available collection and GIS datasets, combined with life‐history data, we modelled the extinction risk from the 2019–2020 catastrophic Australian wildfires for 553 Australian native bee species (33% of all described Australian bee taxa). We suggest that two species are now eligible for listing as Endangered and nine are eligible for listing as Vulnerable under IUCN criteria, on the basis of fire overlap, intensity, frequency, and life‐history traits: this tally far exceeds the three Australian bee species listed as threatened prior to the wildfire. We demonstrate how to undertake a wide‐scale assessment of wildfire impact on a poorly understood group to help to focus surveys and recovery efforts. We also provide the methods and the script required to make similar assessments for other taxa or in other regions.
Risk of hypertension in erenumab‐treated patients with migraine: Analyses of clinical trial and postmarketing data
Authors: Dodick David W. , Tepper Stewart J. , Ailani Jessica , Pannacciulli Nicola , Navetta Marco S. , Loop Brett , Zhang Feng , Khodavirdi Ani C. , Mann Allison , Abdrabboh Ahmad , Kalim Jawed 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the risk of hypertension in patients with migraine who received erenumab in clinical trials and in the postmarketing setting.BackgroundErenumab is a monoclonal antibody for migraine prevention that targets the calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) receptor. Hypertension is a theoretical risk for inhibitors of the CGRP pathway. Although no evidence of an association between erenumab treatment and hypertension was observed during the clinical development program, adverse events (AEs) of hypertension have been identified in the postmarketing setting.MethodsSafety data from four phase 2 and phase 3 clinical trials were used to perform a pooled analysis of hypertension AEs in patients with migraine receiving erenumab. Postmarketing AEs of hypertension were identified from the Amgen Global Safety database from May 17, 2018, through January 31, 2020.ResultsIn the pooled analysis of clinical trials, hypertension AEs (placebo, 9/1043 [0.9%]; erenumab 70 mg, 7/893 [0.8%]; erenumab 140 mg, 1/507 [0.2%]) and percentage of patients initiating medication to treat hypertension (12/1043 [1.2%], 7/893 [0.8%], 1/507 [0.2%], respectively) were similar across treatment groups. A total of 362 AEs of hypertension were identified from the postmarketing setting, 26.2% (95/362) of which were serious, >245,000 patient‐years of exposure. The exposure‐adjusted incidence of hypertension was 0.144 per 100 patient‐years.ConclusionsClinical trials did not demonstrate an increased risk of hypertension with erenumab compared with placebo, and AE rates of hypertension reported with erenumab in the postmarketing setting were generally low. Additional data are needed to fully characterize the extent to which hypertension is a risk associated with erenumab.
Bacterial community succession and biogenic amine changes during fermentation of fish‐chili paste inoculated with different commercial starter cultures
Authors: Hua Qian , Sun Yingying , Xu Yanshun , Gao Pei , Xia Wenshui 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThe microbial dynamics, diversity and succession characterisation during the fermentation of fish‐chili paste, with and without starter cultures by high‐throughput sequencing, were investigated to identify the relationship between microbial composition and the accumulation of biogenic amines. Results showed that Firmicutes was the predominant phylum, and Lactobacillus and Weissella were the main genera during fermentation process, regardless of the inclusion of starter cultures. Compared with naturally fermented samples (NS; no starter cultures), Pediococcus and Staphylococcus flourished in samples inoculated with SBM‐52 starter culture (Staphylococcus xylosus + Staphylococcus carnosus + Pediococcus pentosaceus + Pediococcus acidilactici). Staphylococcus also accounted for a larger proportion in samples inoculated with WBX‐43 starter culture (Staphylococcus xylosus + Staphylococcus carnosus). Furthermore, Enterobacter was inhibited in inoculated samples. Unweighted pair‐group method with arithmetic means and principal component analyses revealed that microbiota structures were different among NS, SBM and WBX samples. In case of biogenic amines, the concentration of putrescine, cadaverine and tyramine increased to higher levels in NS samples compared with inoculated samples. Our work also investigated the relationship between core bacterial communities and biogenic amines. This study provided an improved understanding for the effects of starter cultures on the microbial community and the quality of fish‐chili paste.
Microwave freeze‐drying of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) based on non‐volatile taste components by controlling microwave power density
Authors: Duan Xu , Miao Junwei , Huang Luelue , Li Bin 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThe present study was carried out to establish a dynamic microwave loading strategy for efficient production of high‐quality microwave freeze‐dried button mushroom based on non‐volatile taste components. The change behaviour of non‐volatile taste components of mushroom, including free amino acids and 5′‐nucleotides, was evaluated during microwave freeze‐drying with fixed microwave power. Then, the dynamic microwave loading strategy was established according to the change behaviour of the non‐volatile taste components. Drying and quality characteristics of mushroom were evaluated in terms of drying time, whiteness index, shrinkage ratio, rehydration ratio and vitamin C content. Results showed that high microwave power led to higher contents of free amino acids and 5′‐nucleotides at the initial stage of drying, but more degradation of these non‐volatile taste components was observed during the last period of drying. Moreover, it takes longer for 5′‐nucleotides to reach the highest content than total free amino acids. According to the evolution of non‐volatile taste components, a step‐down dynamic microwave power loading program (0–1.5 h: 4 W g−1; 1.5–4.5 h: 3 W g−1 and 4.5–10.5 h: 2 W g−1) was established to reduce the drying time, keeping a relatively high product quality.
Association between visceral adiposity index and risk of prediabetes: A meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Wang Dan , Fang Rui , Han Haicheng , Zhang Jidong , Chen Kaifei , Fu Xiaoqing , He Qinghu , Yang Yong 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectiveEpidemiological studies suggested that the association between the visceral adiposity index (VAI) and the risk of prediabetes is inconsistent. Whether VAI is a useful predictor of prediabetes remains unclear. Up until April 2021, there had been no systematic review on this topic. In this meta‐analysis, the available observational epidemiological evidence was synthesized to identify the association between VAI and prediabetes risk.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases in any language were searched systematically from the earliest available online indexing year to April 2021 for relevant observational studies published on the association between VAI and the risk of prediabetes. A random effects model was used to combine quantitatively the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsTen relevant studies (2 cohort study, 2 case‐control studies, and 6 cross‐sectional studies) involving 112,603 participants were identified. Compared with the highest VAI, the lowest level of VAI was associated with an increased risk of prediabetes. The pooled OR of VAI for prediabetes was 1.68 (95% CI: 1.44–1.96), with significant heterogeneity across the included studies (P = 0.000, I2 = 91.4%). Exclusion of any single study did not materially alter the combined risk estimate.ConclusionsIntegrated epidemiological evidence supports the hypothesis that VAI is a lipid combined anthropometric index and may be a risk factor for prediabetes. VAI may be related to a high risk of prediabetes. However, it should be noted that the included studies have a publication bias and there was significant heterogeneity between our pooled estimate.
The potential of Streptococcus thermophiles (TCI633) in the anti‐aging
Authors: Liu Cheng , Tseng Ya‐Ping , Chan Leong‐Perng , Liang Chia‐Hua 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundStreptococcus thermophilus (TCI633) is a probiotic that has been newly isolated from human breast milk, and it can produce hyaluronic acid (HA) when colonizing the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of rodents and humans. A recent study has the established that TCI633 can alleviate synovial tissue inflammation and has potential to mitigate the progression of osteoarthritis.ObjectiveTCI633 has not been available for use in skincare and this preliminary clinical study will assess its improvement of the skin.MethodsIn this study, DNA protection, Hyaluronidase assay, cell viability, and collagen synthesis on human fibroblasts of TCI633 were assessed. Subjects were enrolled in this clinical study and randomly assigned to the TCI633 or placebo group. Each subject was informed to intake two tablets daily for 8 weeks. Each subject was required to undergo skin condition inspection at weeks 0, 4, and 8 and hematology tests to monitor HA, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase levels, and kidney and liver function at weeks 0 and 8.ResultsThe effects of TCI633 supplementation, including the promotion of skin cell proliferation, the increase of their collagen content, their protection against DNA damage, and the inhibition of hyaluronidase activities, are investigated. Subjects were recruited for an 8‐week long clinical trial to confirm the efficacy of TCI633 in improving the serum biochemical HA, SOD and catalase levels, and anti‐skin age markers.ConclusionsThis work provides an alternative approach to improving health, indicating the potential of TCI633 supplementation to delay the aging of skin and improve its condition.
Clinical study to assess efficacy and safety of Purifying Neem Face Wash in prevention and reduction of acne in healthy adults
Authors: Rajaiah Yogesh Hosahalli , Gajjar Trusha , Patel Nayan , Kumawat Rajesh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcne vulgaris is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition of pilosebaceous units. The standard treatment involves topical and oral antibiotics, retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, and other synthetic compounds, mostly associated with adverse effects. Hence, herbal skincare products are considered nowadays.AimTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of Purifying Neem Face Wash (PNFW), an herbal skincare product in the prevention and/or reduction of mild‐to‐moderate acne.MethodsAn open‐label, single‐center, single‐arm, four‐week clinical study was conducted with subjects having either mild‐to‐moderate acne or oily skin and non‐existent acne. The performance of PNFW in the reduction and/or prevention of acne was detected by counting cutaneous inflammatory and non‐inflammatory acne lesions in each of the four visits. Sebum level and skin hydration of both cheeks were measured via sebumeter and corneometer, respectively. Self‐assessment questionnaires were used to assess the subjects’ responses toward PNFW.ResultsOut of 120 study subjects, 79% and 72% showed either reduction or no new appearance of inflammatory and non‐inflammatory acne lesions, respectively, from baseline to Visits 3 and 4. Skin sebum level and skin hydration showed a statistically significant decrease (p < 0.001) and increase (p < 0.001), respectively, in Visits 3 and 4. Self‐assessment surveys showed the satisfaction of the subjects about the product in terms of condition improvement, ease in use, and fragrance.ConclusionThe present study indicated the beneficial effect of the herbal ingredients (neem and turmeric) of Himalaya's PNFW in the prevention and reduction of mild‐to‐moderate acne with no side effects.
Biological and molecular characterization of two isolates of apple stem grooving virus revealed distinct properties and indicates virus emergence driven by recombination
Authors: Rani Asha , Suman Rashmi , Chandel Vanita , Srivastava Ashish , Noorani Md. Salik , Rishi Narayan , Dhir Sunny 
Published: September 2021

AbstractApple stem grooving virus (ASGV) is a highly variable RNA virus and recombination is one of the mechanisms that lead to variations in the viral genome. Here, we report the biological and molecular properties of two apple isolates of ASGV (p12 and MK) isolated from two different locations in India. Complete genome of both isolates consisted of 6493 nucleotides excluding the poly (A) tail and contained two open reading frames (ORFs). The isolates shared 97% sequence identity with each other. Phylogenetic analyses revealed neighbouring association of these isolates, but their infection on known herbaceous host, Phaseolus vulgaris, showed different phenotypes. Recombination analyses suggest isolate MK and p12 as non‐recombinants, but recombination events increased with increasing host diversity. Two recombination hotspots were identified in the ORF1 region spanning nucleotides 4500–4800 and 6200–6500, which were designated as recombination hot spots I and II, respectively. The findings here also suggest that this virus is emerging with expanding host range breadth and diversified host adaptability driven by recombination.
Sirtuin 3 deficiency exacerbates age‐related periodontal disease
Authors: Chen Junsheng , Zhang Yarong , Gao Jing , Li Tao , Gan Xueqi , Yu Haiyang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundSirtuin 3 (SIRT3), a mitochondrial NAD+‐dependent deacetylase, has received much attention for its effect on metabolism and aging. However, the role of SIRT3 in periodontal disease remains unknown.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the functional role of SIRT3 in age‐related periodontal disease and underlying mechanisms.MethodsSixteen mice were randomly assigned into four groups: the young wild type (WT), the aged WT, the young SIRT3‐knockout (KO), and the aged SIRT3‐KO. SIRT3 and cyclophilin D (CypD) expression and protein lysine acetylation levels in alveolar bones were detected by western blot. The bone architecture and the distance of CEJ‐ABC were assessed using micro‐CT and HE staining. The osteoclast number was observed through tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. Mitochondrial morphology in SIRT3 knockdown MC3T3‐E1 osteoblastic cells was analyzed by Immunofluorescence staining. In gingival tissues, the NAD+/NADH ratio was measured, and oxidative stress was detected by MitoSOX staining, HO‐1 staining, and MnSOD expression. Mitochondrial biogenesis was measured by PGC‐1α expression and oxygen consumption rate (OCR).ResultsIn parallel with the imbalanced NAD+/NADH ratio, the SIRT3 expression was significantly decreased in the alveolar bones of the aged mice, accompanied by a global elevation of protein acetylation levels. The aged SIRT3‐KO group showed the highest rate of bone resorption and the largest number of TRAP‐positive osteoclasts among the four groups. Moreover, the reactive oxygen species level was up‐regulated in the young and the aged SIRT3‐KO groups. SIRT3 deficiency promoted mitochondrial fission and increased the CypD expression. Furthermore, the lack of SIRT3 reduced the PGC‐1α expression in gingival tissues and exhibited a significant reduction in maximal OCR.ConclusionReduced SIRT3 abundance contributes to aged‐related periodontal disease via the exacerbation of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.
Appetite‐stimulating effects of once‐daily omeprazole in cats with chronic kidney disease: Double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized, crossover trial
Authors: Spencer Ashley , Quimby Jessica M. , Price Josh M. , MacLane Sally , Hillsman Shanna , Secoura Patty , Steiner Jörg M. , Katherine Tolbert M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundCats with moderate to advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) often display clinical signs such as vomiting and decreased appetite, and frequently receive omeprazole or other acid suppressants despite a lack of evidence to support their use.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of once‐daily PO omeprazole on appetite in cats with CKD. We hypothesized that omeprazole would improve subjective appetite assessments in cats with CKD.AnimalsFourteen client‐owned cats with International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) stage 2 or 3 CKD and hyporexia.MethodsCats were prospectively enrolled in a multi‐institutional, double‐blinded, randomized, crossover study to evaluate the effect of a 14‐day trial of once‐daily PO omeprazole (1 mg/kg) or placebo (lactose gel capsule) on vomiting frequency and appetite. A daily log was completed by the owner during all treatment and rest periods to assess appetite using a subjective, qualitative, and 5‐point scoring system. Mixed model analyses of variance were performed to determine if average daily percentage food consumed or appetite score, as measured by subjective owner assessment, differed between treatments.ResultsCompared to placebo, a negligible but statistically significant difference in percentage of food consumed was observed between treatments (P = .04) with once‐daily omeprazole treatment resulting in a 2.7% increase in food consumption compared to placebo. No significant difference, however, was found in appetite score, body weight, or serum creatinine concentration between treatments.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceOnce‐daily omeprazole does not markedly increase appetite in cats with CKD and should not be used as a first‐line treatment in the absence of evidence of gastrointestinal ulceration.