bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of temperature, influenza and other local characteristics in seasonality of mortality: a population-based time-series study in Japan
Authors: Madaniyazi Lina , Ng Chris Fook Sheng , Seposo Xerxes , Toizumi Michiko , Yoshida Lay-Myint , Honda Yasushi , Armstrong Ben , Hashizume Masahiro 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate the extent to which temperature and influenza explained seasonality of mortality in Japan and to examine the association of the seasonality with prefecture-specific characteristics.DesignWe conducted time-series analysis to estimate the seasonal amplitude before and after adjusting for temperature and/or influenza-like illness (ILI). Next, we applied linear mixed effect models to investigate the association of seasonal amplitudes with each indicator on prefecture-specific characteristics on climate, demographic and socioeconomic factors and adaptations.Setting47 prefectures in JapanParticipantsDeaths for all-cause, circulatory, and respiratory disease between 1999 and 2015.Outcome measuresPeak-to-trough ratio (PTR, a measure of seasonal amplitude).ResultsThe nationwide unadjusted-PTRs for all-cause, circulatory and respiratory mortality were 1.29 (95% CIs: 1.28 to 1.31), 1.55 (95% CI: 1.52 to 1.57) and 1.45 (95% CI: 1.43 to 1.48), respectively. These PTRs reduced substantially after adjusting for temperature but very little after a separate adjustment for ILI. Furthermore, seasonal amplitudes varied between prefectures. However, there was no strong evidence for the associations of PTR with the indicators on prefecture-specific characteristics.ConclusionsSeasonality of mortality is primarily driven by temperature in Japan. The spatial variation in seasonal amplitudes was not associated with prefecture-specific characteristics. Although further investigations are required to confirm our findings, this study can help us gain a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying seasonality of mortality.
Low rates of serious complications and further procedures following surgery for base of thumb osteoarthritis: analysis of a national cohort of 43 076 surgeries
Authors: Lane Jennifer CE , Craig Richard , Rees Jonathan L , Gardiner Matthew , Mikhail Mark M , Riley Nicholas , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel , Furniss Dominic 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesTo determine the incidence of further procedures and serious adverse events (SAEs) requiring admission to hospital following elective surgery for base of thumb osteoarthritis (BTOA), and the patient factors associated with these outcomes.DesignPopulation based cohort study.SettingNational Health Service using the national Hospital Episode Statistics data set linked to mortality records over a 19-year period (01 April 1998–31 March 2017).Participants43 076 primary surgeries were followed longitudinally in secondary care until death or migration on 37 329 patients over 18 years of age.Main outcome measuresIncidence of further thumb base procedures (including revision surgery or intra-articular steroid injection) at any time postoperatively, and local wound complications and systemic events (myocardial infarction, stroke, respiratory tract infection, venous thromboembolic events, urinary tract infection or renal failure) within 30 and 90 days. To identify patient factors associated with outcome, Fine and Gray model regression analysis was used to adjust for the competing risk of mortality in addition to age, overall comorbidity and socioeconomic status.ResultsOver the 19 years, there was an increasing trend in surgeries undertaken. The rate of further thumb base procedures after any surgery was 1.39%; the lowest rates after simple trapeziectomy (1.12%), the highest rates after arthroplasty (3.84%) and arthrodesis (3.5%). When matched for age, comorbidity and socioeconomic status, those undergoing arthroplasty and arthrodesis were 2.5 times more likely to undergo a further procedure (subHR 2.51 (95% CI 1.81 to 3.48) and 2.55 (1.91 to 3.40)) than those undergoing simple trapeziectomy. Overall complication rates following surgery were 0.22% for serious local complications and 0.58% for systemic events within 90 days of surgery.ConclusionsThe number of patients proceeding to BTOA surgery has increased over the last 19 years, with a low rate of further thumb base procedures and SAEs after surgery overall registered. Arthrodesis and arthroplasty had a significantly higher revision rate.Trial registration numberNCT03573765.
Motivations and willingness to provide care from a geographical distance, and the impact of distance care on caregivers’ mental and physical health: a mixed-method systematic review protocol
Authors: Bei Eva , Zarzycki Mikołaj , Morrison Val , Vilchinsky Noa 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionDistance caregivers (DCGs) are a growing population with substantial contribution to informal care. While a reasonable amount is known on the determinants of motives and willingness to provide local informal care, and the local caregiver outcomes, reports for the distance caregiving population are lacking. An evidence synthesis of what motivates and makes DCGs willing to care from a distance and the impact of that care on their mental and physical health would highlight any gaps or consensus in knowledge. This would guide the research needed towards the development of tailored interventions, in order to support DCGs and promote the sustainability of distance care.Methods and analysisThis protocol adheres to Preferred Items for Reporting of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols guidelines and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Methodology for mixed-method reviews. A comprehensive search strategy will be conducted in four electronic databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed and PsycINFO). Grey literature will also be assessed to minimise publication bias. Two independent reviewers will assess each study for inclusion and any discrepancies will be resolved with the consultation of a third reviewer. Eligible studies for inclusion will be English language studies exploring the motives and willingness to care for a care recipient with a chronic disease, disability or frailty from a geographical distance; or studies focusing on the mental and physical health outcomes of DCGs. Qualitative and quantitative data will be integrated in a single qualitative synthesis following the JBI convergent integrated approach. Study quality will be assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool version 2018.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this study as no primary data will be collected. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication and presentations at academic conferences and lay summaries for various stakeholders.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020156350.
Does universal health coverage reduce out-of-pocket expenditures for medical consultations for people living with HIV in Senegal? An exploratory cross-sectional study
Authors: Taverne Bernard , Laborde-Balen Gabrièle , Diaw Khaly , Gueye Madjiguene , Have Ndeye-Ngone , Etard Jean-Francois , Sow Khoudia 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesIn Senegal, a national health coverage system named Couverture Medicale Universelle (CMU) has been under development since 2013; its impact on out-of-pocket (OOP) expenses for people living with HIV (PLHIV) remains unknown. Our objective was to assess the impact of the national health coverage system on health expenses for PLHIV by measuring the OOP amount for a routine consultation for various categories of PLHIV, in Dakar and different regions in Senegal, viewed from the patients’ perspective.Design, setting and participantsCross-sectional survey in 2018 and 2019 using a face-to-face questionnaire with PLHIV: 344 adults followed up at Fann Regional Centre for research and training in clinical treatment in Dakar; 60 adult men who have sex with men (MSM) in 2 hospitals in Dakar and 7 facilities in the regions; and 130 children and adolescents (0–19 years) in 16 care facilities in the southern regions. We have calculated the total price of the consultation and associated prescriptions along with the patient’s OOP medical and transportation contributions. The average amounts were compared using the Student’s t-test.ResultsAll patients are on antiretroviral treatment with a median duration of 6 years, 5 years and 3 years for adults, MSM and children/adolescents, respectively. The percentage of people who have health coverage is 26%, 18% and 44% for adults, MSM and children. In practice, these systems are rarely used. The OOP amount (health expenses+transportation costs) for a routine consultation is €11 for adults and children, and €32.5 for MSM.ConclusionThe number of PLHIV with coverage is low, and the system’s effectiveness remains limited. Currently, this system has proved ineffective in implementing free healthcare, recommended by WHO since 2005.
NHS ‘Learning from Deaths’ reports: a qualitative and quantitative document analysis of the first year of a countrywide patient safety programme
Authors: Brummell Zoe , Vindrola-Padros Cecilia , Braun Dorit , Moonesinghe S Ramani 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesTo review how National Health Service (NHS) Secondary Care Trusts (NSCTs) are using the Learning from Deaths (LfDs) programme to learn from and prevent, potentially preventable deaths.IntroductionPotentially preventable deaths occur worldwide within healthcare organisations. In England, inconsistencies in how NSCTs reviewed, investigated and shared LfDs, resulted in the introduction of national guidance on ‘LfDs’ in 2017. This guidance provides a ‘framework for identifying, reporting, investigating and LfDs’. Amendments to NHS Quality Account regulations, legally require NSCTs in England to report quantitative and qualitative information relating to patient deaths annually. The programme intended NSCTs would share this learning and take measurable action to prevent future deaths.MethodWe undertook qualitative and quantitative secondary data, document analysis of all NSCTs LfDs reports within their 2017/2018 Quality Accounts (n=222).ResultsAll statutory elements of LfDs reporting were reported by 98 out of 222 (44%) NSCTs. The percentage of deaths judged more likely than not due to problems in healthcare was between 0% and 13%. The majority of NSCTs (89%) reported lessons learnt; the most common learning theme was poor communication. 106 out of 222 NSCTs (48%) have shared or plan to share the learning within their own organisation. The majority of NSCTs (86%) reported actions taken and 47% discussed or had a plan for assessment of impact. 37 out of 222 NSCTs (17%) mentioned involvement of bereaved families.ConclusionsThe wide variation in reporting demonstrates that some NSCTs have engaged fully with LfDs, while other NSCTs appear to have disengaged with the programme. This may reveal a disparity in organisational learning and patient safety culture which could result in inequity for bereaved families. Many themes identified from the LfDs reports have previously been identified by national and international reports and inquiries.
Design features that reduce the use of seclusion and restraint in mental health facilities: a rapid systematic review
Authors: Oostermeijer Sanne , Brasier Catherine , Harvey Carol , Hamilton Bridget , Roper Cath , Martel Andrew , Fletcher Justine , Brophy Lisa 
Published: July 2021

Increasing efforts are being made to prevent and/or eliminate the use of seclusion and restraint in mental health facilities. Recent literature recognises the importance of the physical environment in supporting better outcomes in mental health services. This rapid review scoped the existing literature studying what physical design features of mental health facilities can reduce the use of seclusion and physical restraint.DesignA rapid review of peer-reviewed literature.MethodsPeer-reviewed literature was searched for studies on architectural design and the use of restraint and seclusion in mental health facilities. The following academic databases were searched: Cochrane Library, Medline, PsycINFO, Scopus and Avery for English language literature published between January 2010 and August 2019. The Joanna Briggs Institute’s critical appraisal tool was used to assess the quality of included studies.ResultsWe identified 35 peer-reviewed studies. The findings revealed several overarching themes in design efforts to reduce the use of seclusion and restraint: a beneficial physical environment (eg, access to gardens or recreational facilities); sensory or comfort rooms; and private, uncrowded and calm spaces. The critical appraisal indicated that the overall quality of studies was low, as such the findings should be interpreted with caution.ConclusionThis study found preliminary evidence that the physical environment has a role in supporting the reduction in the use of seclusion and restraint. This is likely to be achieved through a multilayered approach, founded on good design features and building towards specific design features which may reduce occurrences of seclusion and restraint. Future designs should include consumers in a codesign process to maximise the potential for change and innovation that is genuinely guided by the insights of lived experience expertise.
Measuring research capacity development in healthcare workers: a systematic review
Authors: Bilardi Davide , Rapa Elizabeth , Bernays Sarah , Lang Trudie 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesA key barrier in supporting health research capacity development (HRCD) is the lack of empirical measurement of competencies to assess skills and identify gaps in research activities. An effective tool to measure HRCD in healthcare workers would help inform teams to undertake more locally led research. The objective of this systematic review is to identify tools measuring healthcare workers’ individual capacities to conduct research.DesignSystematic review and narrative synthesis using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist for reporting systematic reviews and narrative synthesis and the Critical Appraisals Skills Programme (CASP) checklist for qualitative studies.Data sources11 databases were searched from inception to 16 January 2020. The first 10 pages of Google Scholar results were also screened.Eligibility criteriaWe included papers describing the use of tools/to measure/assess HRCD at an individual level among healthcare workers involved in research. Qualitative, mixed and quantitative methods were all eligible. Search was limited to English language only.Data extraction and synthesisTwo authors independently screened and reviewed studies using Covidence software, and performed quality assessments using the extraction log validated against the CASP qualitative checklist. The content method was used to define a narrative synthesis.ResultsThe titles and abstracts for 7474 unique records were screened and the full texts of 178 references were reviewed. 16 papers were selected: 7 quantitative studies; 1 qualitative study; 5 mixed methods studies; and 3 studies describing the creation of a tool. Tools with different levels of accuracy in measuring HRCD in healthcare workers at the individual level were described. The Research Capacity and Culture tool and the ‘Research Spider’ tool were the most commonly defined. Other tools designed for ad hoc interventions with good generalisability potential were identified. Three papers described health research core competency frameworks. All tools measured HRCD in healthcare workers at an individual level with the majority adding a measurement at the team/organisational level, or data about perceived barriers and motivators for conducting health research.ConclusionsCapacity building is commonly identified with pre/postintervention evaluations without using a specific tool. This shows the need for a clear distinction between measuring the outcomes of training activities in a team/organisation, and effective actions promoting HRCD. This review highlights the lack of globally applicable comprehensive tools to provide comparable, standardised and consistent measurements of research competencies.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019122310.
Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) test information on Australian and New Zealand fertility clinic websites: a content analysis
Authors: Copp Tessa , Nickel Brooke , Lensen Sarah , Hammarberg Karin , Lieberman Devora , Doust Jenny , Mol Ben W , McCaffery Kirsten 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesThe anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) test has been promoted as a way to inform women about their future fertility. However, data consistently show the test is a poor predictor of natural fertility potential for an individual woman. As fertility centre websites are often a primary source of information for reproductive information, it is essential the information provided is accurate and reflects the available evidence. We aimed to systematically record and categorise information about the AMH test found on Australian and New Zealand fertility clinic websites.DesignContent analysis of online written information about the AMH test on fertility clinic websites.SettingAccredited Australian and New Zealand fertility clinic websites.MethodsData were extracted between April and June 2020. Any webpage that mentioned the AMH test, including blogs specifically about the AMH test posted since 2015, was analysed and the content categorised.ResultsOf the 39 active accredited fertility clinics’ websites, 25 included information about the AMH test. The amount of information varied widely, and embodied four overarching categories; (1) the utility of the AMH test, (2) who the test is suitable for, (3) possible actions in response to the test and (4) caveats and limitations of the test. Eight specific statements about the utility of the test were identified, many of which are not evidence-based. While some websites were transparent regarding the test’s limitations, others mentioned no caveats or included persuasive statements actively promoting the test as empowering for a range of women in different circumstances.ConclusionsSeveral websites had statements about the utility of the AMH test that are not supported by the evidence. This highlights the need for higher standards for information provided on fertility clinic websites to prevent women being misled to believe the test can reliably predict their fertility.
Sustaining community-based interventions for people affected by dementia long term: the SCI-Dem realist review
Authors: Morton Thomas , Wong Geoff , Atkinson Teresa , Brooker Dawn 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesCommunity-based support for people with earlier-stage dementia and their care partners, such as regularly meeting groups and activities, can play an important part in postdiagnostic care. Typically delivered piecemeal in the UK, by a variety of agencies with inconsistent funding, provision is fragmented and many such interventions struggle to continue after only a short start-up period. This realist review investigates what can promote or hinder such interventions in being able to sustain long term.MethodsKey sources of evidence were gathered using formal searches of electronic databases and grey literature, together with informal search methods such as citation tracking. No restrictions were made on article type or study design; only data pertaining to regularly meeting, ongoing, community-based interventions were included. Data were extracted, assessed, organised and synthesised and a realist logic of analysis applied to trace context–mechanism–outcome configurations as part an overall programme theory. Consultation with stakeholders, involved with a variety of such interventions, informed this process throughout.ResultsAbility to continually get and keep members; staff and volunteers; the support of other services and organisations; and funding/income were found to be critical, with multiple mechanisms feeding into these suboutcomes, sensitive to context. These included an emphasis on socialising and person-centredness; lowering stigma and logistical barriers; providing support and recognition for personnel; networking, raising awareness and sharing with other organisations, while avoiding conflict; and skilled financial planning and management.ConclusionsThis review presents a theoretical model of what is involved in the long-term sustainability of community-based interventions. Alongside the need for longer-term funding and skilled financial management, key factors include the need for stigma-free, person-centred provision, sensitive to members’ diversity and social needs, as well as the need for a robust support network including the local community, health and care services. Challenges were especially acute for small scale and rural groups.
Trajectories of mid-life to elderly adulthood BMI and incident hypertension: the China Health and Nutrition Survey
Authors: Zeng Qi , Sun Lin , Zeng Qing 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesThis study is designed to identify different body mass index (BMI) trajectories of individuals aged 40–70 years and test the effect of distinct BMI trajectories on incident hypertension.DesignThe accelerated longitudinal design was used for this study.MethodsThe study drew data from the third to ninth China Health and Nutrition Surveys (CHNS), and 4697 participants were included between 1991 and 2015. As analysed, three distinct individual BMI trajectories were identified by the latent class growth mixed model (LCGMM). Then, BMI values and BMI slopes were worked out through calculation with LCGMM trajectory parameters and their primary derivatives, respectively. Later, Cox proportional hazard models were applied to examine BMI values and slopes, and find out the relationship between the said predicted data and incident hypertension for different classes.ResultsThree different trajectory classes were identified, that is, low-stable class (n=3711), sharp-increasing class (n=282) and high-stable class (n=704). Compared with the low-stable class, the adjusted HRs (95% CI) were 1.321 (1.119 to 1.559) and 1.504 (1.322 to 1.711) for the sharp-increasing class and the high-stable class, respectively. The HR (95% CI) for BMI values rose from 1.081 (1.030 to 1.135) to 1.221 (1.171 to 1.273) while the HR (95% CI) for BMI slopes dropped from 1.154 (1.100 to 1.211) to 0.983 (0.943 to 1.025). That is, the HR for BMI slopes were higher than that for BMI values for the class aged 40–47 years.ConclusionThese findings suggest that the calibrated BMI trajectories for the period from mid-life to elderly adulthood have a significant effect on the risk of incident hypertension. The period from age 40 to 47 years is critical and has positive implications for the early prevention of hypertension.