bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of phased supply of hydrogen additives for improvement of the ecological characteristics of the Wankel rotary engine
Authors: Fedyanov E A , Levin Y V , Itkis E M , Prikhodkov K V 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Wankel rotary engine, designed according to Wankel’s scheme, is more adaptable for running on hydrogen fuels than traditional reciprocating engines, possessing lower pre-ignition and backfire probability. Hydrogen additive to main air-fuel mixture helps to decrease incompleteness of combustion in the vicinity of rear rotor apex. Experimental data for Wankel rotary engine VAZ-311 performance on hydrogen blends with hydrocarbon fuel is presented. Researches are performed on partial loads, where hydrogen mass fraction additions to the fuel mixture didn’t exceed 5%. It is shown that for partial loads (20% of full load) and engine speed n= 2000 min−1 5% hydrogen addition by mass yields to 4.2% decrease of brake specific fuel consumption (hydrogen consumption was converted to gasoline consumption computed proportionally to their combustion heats ratio). Amount of unburned hydrocarbons for the conditions mentioned reduces in a factor of 2 and emission of carbon monoxide reduces to 40%.
Air heating in an air heat pump installation in the expander -generator set
Authors: Mukolyants A A , Buranov M D , Sotnikova I V , Taubaldiev A A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The article touches upon the actual problem of the use of secondary energy resources in the transport and distribution of natural gas. Excess gas pressure as the main component of secondary energy resources for technological processes is practically not used at gas distribution stations, where throttling devices are used. The proposal to use excess gas pressure in turboexpanders both at gas distribution stations and at compressor stations of main gas pipelines without preheating has not yet found widespread use, and therefore the replacement of throttling devices with turboexpander units will be determined by energy and economic efficiency. Expander-generator technology is one of the effective technologies that allows to reduce the consumption of fuel and energy resources. In combination with heat pump units, expandergenerator units make it possible to create highly efficient power generating complexes that are capable of generating electricity without burning fuel. The possibility of using heat pumps is considered, in which air is used as a working medium, the purpose of which is to increase the temperature potential of heat to ensure the possibility of heat exchange when transferring this heat to the heated medium. An analytical dependence of the electric power of the heat pump installation on the difference between the total power consumption of the compressor and the power of the air turbine is obtained.
Ecological engineering as a way to reduce industrial waste
Authors: Sheveleva O B , Slesarenko E V , Zonova O V , Mamzina T F , Vagina N D 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The annually increasing volume of human consumption entails a constant increase in the volume of consumption waste and industrial waste as a result of the need to meet the growing demand. The commodity dependence of the Russian economy only aggravates this problem, since the mining industry is the main source of industrial waste generation. The share of recycled waste tends to decrease, and the share of waste disposed in the territories owned by enterprises is growing. One of the modern methods for solving environmental problems is ecological engineering, which promotes environmentally friendly decision-making and is accompanied by the development of environmental programs as part of industrial enterprise engineering, which, along with increasing the production efficiency and performance, reduce the generation of harmful and hazardous waste. Therefore, in order to achieve production goals, it is necessary to identify the needs of target markets and ensure that demand for them is met through the use of more efficient, cost efficient and environmentally friendly means of production.
Development of a thermal comfort management system in heat-protective clothing for people with disabilities
Authors: Babenko L G , Yu Saveliefa N 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The article deals with the development of a thermal comfort control system in thermal protective clothing for people with limited motor capabilities. In particular, the stages of forming the thermal comfort control system are described, and testing of the proposed system in real environmental conditions is carried out. The aim of the work is to develop and scientifically substantiate a thermal comfort control system used in thermal protective clothing for people with limited motor capabilities. The relevance of the paper is conditioned by the increased need for special heat-protective products with the function of control and monitoring of thermal comfort for people with limited motor abilities, who use a wheelchair as a means of transportation in everyday life. The work is based on the use of a systematic approach to the design of heat-protective adaptive clothing for people with limited motor capabilities. To solve a set of tasks the methods of mathematical modeling and experimental research were applied. The methods of system analysis and the basics of digital circuitry were used in theoretical research. The algorithm of the thermal comfort control system operation was substantiated and software for a smart phone was developed to control and monitor the temperature of under clothing space in a heat protective product for people with limited motor capabilities and findings are presented in the research work.
Model predictive control for path planning of UAV group
Authors: Vinokursky D L , Mezentseva O S , Samoylov Ph V , Ganshin K Y , Baklanova O A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper addresses a predictive control strategy for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. The goal is to guarantee tracking capabilities with respect to a reference trajectory which is predefined using Gradient descent method. The proposed method provides effective performance validated through flight experiment using micro-UAVs.
Influence of plasma power on the size distribution of deposited zinc oxide nanorods
Authors: Sazanova T S , Mochalov L A , Logunov A A , Fukina D G , Vorotyntsev I V 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Zinc oxide nanopowders were obtained by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) with optical emission spectrometry control at different plasma discharge powers (30, 50, and 70 W). Dimensional and morphological characteristics of the zinc oxide nanoparticles were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The received SEM data were statistically processed. The zinc nanoparticles had a rod-like shape with different transverse diameters depending on the plasma power. With an increase in the plasma power, the diameter of the zinc oxide rods decreased with a simultaneous narrowing of the variability for their size range. The transverse size of the zinc oxide rods decreased by 2 and more than 15 times with an increase in the plasma discharge power to 50 and 70 W, respectively.
Fruit softening: evidence for pectate lyase actionin vivoin date (Phoenix dactylifera) and rosaceous fruit cell walls
Authors: Al Hinai Thurayya Z S , Vreeburg Robert A M , Mackay C Logan , Murray Lorna , Sadler Ian H , Fry Stephen C 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsThe programmed softening occurring during fruit development requires scission of cell wall polysaccharides, especially pectin. Proposed mechanisms include the action of wall enzymes or hydroxyl radicals. Enzyme activities found in fruit extracts include pectate lyase (PL) and endo-polygalacturonase (EPG), which, in vitro, cleave de-esterified homogalacturonan in mid-chain by β-elimination and hydrolysis, respectively. However, the important biological question of whether PL exhibits action in vivo had not been tested.MethodsWe developed a method for specifically and sensitively detecting in-vivo PL products, based on Driselase digestion of cell wall polysaccharides and detection of the characteristic unsaturated product of PL action.Key ResultsIn model in-vitro experiments, pectic homogalacturonan that had been partially cleaved by commercial PL was digested to completion with Driselase, releasing an unsaturated disaccharide (‘ΔUA–GalA’), taken as diagnostic of PL action. ΔUA–GalA was separated from saturated oligogalacturonides (EPG products) by electrophoresis, then subjected to thin-layer chromatography (TLC), resolving ΔUA–GalA from higher homologues. The ΔUA–GalA was confirmed as 4-deoxy-β-l-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl-(1→4)-d-galacturonic acid by NMR spectroscopy. Driselase digestion of cell walls from ripe fruits of date (Phoenix dactylifera), pear (Pyrus communis), rowan (Sorbus aucuparia) and apple (Malus pumila) yielded ΔUA–GalA, demonstrating that PL had been acting in vivo in these fruits prior to harvest. Date-derived ΔUA–GalA was verified by negative-mode mass spectrometry, including collision-induced dissociation (CID) fragmentation. The ΔUA–GalA:GalA ratio from ripe dates was roughly 1:20 (mol mol–1), indicating that approx. 5 % of the bonds in endogenous homogalacturonan had been cleaved by in-vivo PL action.ConclusionsThe results provide the first demonstration that PL, previously known from studies of fruit gene expression, proteomic studies and in-vitro enzyme activity, exhibits enzyme action in the walls of soft fruits and may thus be proposed to contribute to fruit softening.
Humanization of antibodies using a machine learning approach on large-scale repertoire data
Authors: Marks Claire , Hummer Alissa M , Chin Mark , Deane Charlotte M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics are often produced from non-human sources (typically murine), and can therefore generate immunogenic responses in humans. Humanization procedures aim to produce antibody therapeutics that do not elicit an immune response and are safe for human use, without impacting efficacy. Humanization is normally carried out in a largely trial-and-error experimental process. We have built machine learning classifiers that can discriminate between human and non-human antibody variable domain sequences using the large amount of repertoire data now available.

Results
Our classifiers consistently outperform the current best-in-class model for distinguishing human from murine sequences, and our output scores exhibit a negative relationship with the experimental immunogenicity of existing antibody therapeutics. We used our classifiers to develop a novel, computational humanization tool, Hu-mAb, that suggests mutations to an input sequence to reduce its immunogenicity. For a set of therapeutic antibodies with known precursor sequences, the mutations suggested by Hu-mAb show substantial overlap with those deduced experimentally. Hu-mAb is therefore an effective replacement for trial-and-error humanization experiments, producing similar results in a fraction of the time.

Availability and implementation
Hu-mAb (humanness scoring and humanization) is freely available to use at opig.stats.ox.ac.uk/webapps/humab.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Integrating Multilevel Functional Characteristics Reveals Aberrant Neural Patterns during Audiovisual Emotional Processing in Depression
Authors: Li Rong , Yang Jiale , Li Liyuan , Shen Fei , Zou Ting , Wang Hongyu , Wang Xuyang , Li Jiyi , Deng Chijun , Huang Xinju , Wang Chong , He Zongling , Lu Fengmei , Zeng Ling , Chen Huafu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEmotion dysregulation is one of the core features of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, most studies in depression have focused on unimodal emotion processing, whereas emotional perception in daily life is highly dependent on multimodal sensory inputs. Here, we proposed a novel multilevel discriminative framework to identify the altered neural patterns in processing audiovisual emotion in MDD. Seventy-four participants underwent an audiovisual emotional task functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Three levels of whole-brain functional features were extracted for each subject, including the task-evoked activation, task-modulated connectivity, combined activation and connectivity. Support vector machine classification and prediction models were built to identify MDD from controls and evaluate clinical relevance. We revealed that complex neural networks including the emotion regulation network (prefrontal areas and limbic-subcortical regions) and the multisensory integration network (lateral temporal cortex and motor areas) had the discriminative power. Moreover, by integrating comprehensive information of local and interactive processes, multilevel models could lead to a substantial increase in classification accuracy and depression severity prediction. Together, we highlight the high representational capacity of machine learning algorithms to characterize the complex network abnormalities associated with emotional regulation and multisensory integration in MDD. These findings provide novel evidence for the neural mechanisms underlying multimodal emotion dysregulation of depression.
An Experimental Approach to Exact and Random Boolean-Widths and Their Comparison with Other Width Parameters
Authors: Sharmin Sadia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractParameterized complexity is an exemplary approach that extracts and exploits the power of the hidden structures of input instances to solve hard problems. The tree-width ($tw$), path-width ($pathw$), branch-width ($bw$), clique-width ($cw$), rank-width ($rw$) and boolean-width ($boolw$) are some width measures of graphs that are used as parameters. Applications of these width parameters show that dynamic programming algorithms based on a path, tree or branch decomposition can be an alternative to other existing techniques for solving hard combinatorial problems on graphs. A large number of the linear- or polynomial-time fixed parameter tractability algorithms for problems on graphs start by computing a decomposition tree of the graph with a small width. The focus of this paper is to study the exact and random boolean-widths for special graphs, real-world graphs and random graphs, as well as to check their competency compared with several other existing width parameters. In our experiments, we use graphs from TreewidthLIB, which is a set of named graphs and random graphs generated by the Erdös–Rényi model. Until now, only very limited experimental work has been carried out to determine the exact and random boolean-widths of graphs. Moreover, there are no approximation algorithms for computing the near-optimal boolean-width of a given graph. The results of this paper demonstrate that the boolean-width can be used not only in theory but also in practice and is competitive with other width parameters for real graphs.
GP preferences for discussing statin deprescribing: a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Thompson Wade , Jarbøl Dorte , Nielsen Jesper Bo , Haastrup Peter , Pedersen Line Bjørnskov 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Deprescribing (planned, supervised discontinuation) of statins may be considered in some older persons. This should be carefully discussed between patients and GPs.

Methods
We examined GPs’ preferences for discussing statin deprescribing by conducting a discrete choice experiment (DCE) sent to a stratified random sample of 500 Danish GPs. Attributes were discussion topics (goals of therapy, evidence on statin use in older persons, adverse effects, uncertainty), and levels were the depth of the discussion topics (none, brief, detailed). We used mixed logistic regression for analysis.

Results
A total of 90 GPs (mean age 48, 54% female, mean 11 years in practice) completed the DCE. There was substantial variability in which topics GPs felt were most important to discuss; however, GPs generally preferred a brief discussion of topics to detailed ones. The most important discussion topic appeared to be goals of therapy. GPs felt a brief discussion of evidence was important but not a detailed one, while adverse effects and uncertainty were felt to be less important to discuss.

Conclusion
GPs prefer brief discussions on a range of topics when discussing statin deprescribing but have differing views on which topics are most important. For deprescribing communication tools to be useful to GPs in clinical practice, they may need to focus on brief coverage of the range of relevant topics. Future work should evaluate patient preferences, and opportunities for education and training for GPs on deprescribing communication.
Improving Care for Older Prisoners Living With Dementia in Australian Prisons: Perspectives of External Organizations
Authors: du Toit Sanetta , Ng Shermaine 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The care and well-being of an increasing number of older prisoners living with dementia require an adequate care continuum. Longstanding barriers, including limited resources and relevant expertise, necessitate an interdisciplinary approach and incorporation of external organizations in supporting prisoners with dementia. However, little is known about their perspectives and experiences. This study aimed to explore the role of external organizations in providing care for prisoners with dementia in Australia.

Research Design and Methods
In this qualitative descriptive study, 27 participants from legal, health, and social services rendering services in Australian prisons were recruited. Qualitative data were generated by applying the Nominal Group Technique in research group discussions. Demographic/background data were used to generate descriptive statistics through Qualtrics.

Results
Inductive thematic analysis of qualitative data revealed challenges and opportunities for future dementia care in Australian prisons. Six research discussion groups represented participants from Victoria, Queensland, New South Wales, Western Australia, and Tasmania. Identified themes included (a) possible models of care for prisoners with dementia, (b) uncovering the invisible issues of dementia care in prisons, and (c) proposed next steps for improved care of prisoners with dementia.

Discussion and Implications
This study provided recommendations for multiple stakeholders to overcome barriers in providing dementia care to prisoners. Increased collaboration between corrective services and external organizations was recommended, with a clear delineation of custodial and care priorities. External organizations highlighted the wider community’s responsibility to care for older prisoners and the need to explore emerging areas of practice in this regard.
Prevention of partner violence: virtual case simulation for religious leaders of Korean American immigrant communities
Authors: Orpinas Pamela , Choi Y Joon , Kim ChanMin , Li Tong , Kim Eunhye 
Published: June 2021

Summary
The project ‘Religious Leaders for Healthy Families’ aims to prevent intimate partner violence (IPV) and increase access to resources for immigrant victims by enhancing the capacity of religious leaders. Due to cultural and psychosocial barriers, immigrant women prefer to exhaust informal resources, including religious leaders, before seeking help from professional service providers. This study reports the development of a virtual case simulation in which Korean American (KA) religious leaders living in the USA practice how to prevent and address IPV in their congregation. Intervention mapping (IM) guided the development of the simulation. This process was informed by theory, research and expertise in prevention and virtual case simulation. We partnered with victim service organizations and received feedback from religious leaders. The simulation was pilot tested with nine KA religious leaders and three community leaders with IPV expertise in the KA community. The resulting intervention consists of 4 behavioral outcomes and 24 performance objectives. We identified the knowledge, attitudes, outcome expectations and self-efficacy needed to accomplish each objective. The most creative phase was the development of four modules, as interactive virtual case simulations, that address all performance objectives. IM and social cognitive theory provided a useful framework for developing this virtual case simulation. With culturally responsive modifications, the intervention has the potential to be adapted for religious leaders from other immigrant communities.
Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 18 negatively regulates and inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis by targeting transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 activity
Authors: Hu Bin , Ge Chunhua , Zhu Chunqing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Sepsis is an inflammatory disease with exacerbated inflammation at early stages. Inflammatory cytokines play critical roles in the pathophysiology of sepsis. Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 18 (USP18), a deubiquitinating enzyme, has been shown to modulate transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) activity. However, the precise role of USP18 in sepsis is not clear. Here, we investigated the potential effect of USP18 on inflammation in sepsis. We generated mice with USP18 or/and TAK1 deficiency in macrophages (USP18MKO mice, TAK1MKO mice and USP18MKO-TAK1MKO mice) and established a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis model in mice. Bone marrow-derived macrophages were isolated from wild-type (WT), USP18MKO or TAK1MKO mice and treated with LPS or CpG, and the expression of cytokines including IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) was measured. The activation of NF-κB, ERK and p38 signaling pathways and ubiquitination of TAK1 were detected. We induced sepsis in WT, USP18MKO, TAK1MKO or USP18MKO-TAK1MKO mice and evaluated the survival rate, lung pathology and inflammatory cytokine levels in serum. Macrophages deficient in USP18 produced significantly increased IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α post-LPS or -CpG stimulation. Macrophages deficient in USP18 had promoted activation of NF-κB, p38 and ERK, and increased ubiquitination of TAK1. Mice with TAK1 deficiency in macrophages had increased survival rates, decreased immune cell infiltration in lung and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum. In contrast, mice with USP18 deficiency in macrophages had decreased survival rates, increased cell infiltration in lung and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum. USP18 alleviated LPS-induced sepsis by inhibiting TAK1 activity.