bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allergies/asthma and root resorption: a systematic review
Authors: dos Santos Cibelle Cristina Oliveira , Bellini-Pereira Silvio Augusto , Medina Melany Clarissa Gamez , Normando David 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
This review synthesizes the available evidence about the predisposition of individuals with asthma or allergies to orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) and possible factors related to root resorption that were investigated in the included studies, such as the type of malocclusion, duration of orthodontic treatment, and tooth units.

Material and methods
Six electronic databases and partial gray literature were searched without date or language restrictions until September 2020. Prospective and retrospective observational cohort and case-control studies were included. The risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the checklists from the Joanna Briggs Institute and the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE tool. To complement the case-control studies, the odds ratio (OR) of the individuals with allergies/asthma to develop root resorption was calculated.

Results
Six studies were included. One study with low RoB, one with moderate, and one with high RoB stated that allergic patients did not report a greater chance of developing OIIRR (OR = 1.17 to 2.10, p = 0.1 to 1), while only one study with low RoB reported that individuals with allergies tend to develop root resorption (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.08-5.37). Three studies with low RoB and one with moderate showed no significant association between asthma and OIIRR (OR = 1.05 to 3.42, p = 0.12 to 0.94). No association was identified between the type of malocclusion and the degree of OIIRR. Uniradicular dental units and a prolonged treatment time seem to be associated with an increased risk of resorption. The certainty of the evidence was considered low for both exposure factors.

Conclusion
Evidence with a low level of certainty indicates that individuals with allergies or asthma are not more predisposed to OIIRR. Uniradicular teeth and long-term orthodontic treatments are associated with a higher risk of OIIRR.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42020188463
Sustainable operation of geothermal power plants: why economics matters
Authors: Hackstein Fynn V. , Madlener Reinhard 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper, based on a novel hybrid techno-economic model for geothermal power plants with endogenized plant lifetime, investigates the economic feasibility of a sustainable exploitation of geothermal resources for electricity generation. To this end, standard terminology and classifications from the literature are reviewed, such as “sustainability”, “sustainable operation”, “renewability”, “recovery”, “recharge”, and “regeneration”. An illustrative conventional, convective high-enthalpy hydrothermal system is contrasted with an enhanced, conductive low-enthalpy petrothermal system. Furthermore, different (mostly geophysical) sustainable operation criteria for the use of geothermal energy are derived from the literature. The conditions for complying with these criteria are compared with the economic criteria of cost minimization (levelized cost of electricity, LCOE) and profit maximization (net present value, NPV), respectively, revealing differences that vary in intensity, particularly depending on the type of reservoir and their respective properties. For the two case studies, LCOE of 2.9 €-ct/kWh and 16.9 €-ct/kWh are found, which are further scrutinized by a detailed sensitivity analysis. The hydrothermal system, in contrast to the petrothermal system investigated, is found to be able to meet several of the sustainability criteria examined (extraction equals recharge, operating lifetime of 100 to 300 years), whereas economically optimal operation leads to excessive overexploitation in both cases, showing a distinct trade-off between profit maximization and sustainable operation that has not been discussed in the literature so far.
Criminal punishment and violent injury in Minnesota
Authors: Santaularia N. Jeanie , Larson Ryan , Uggen Christopher 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundViolence is one of the leading causes of injury and death in the United States. One-way society attempts to eliminate violence is through criminal punishment. Yet, in many contexts, punishment fails to reduce violence and may cause other harms. Current research on violence often suffers from same-source bias which can produce spurious associations. This study assesses the associations of different forms of criminal punishment (monetary sanctions, incarceration, and probation) with violent injuries in two unique datasets.MethodsThis study examines a unique combination of hospital discharge data and court administrative data, two Minnesota county-level data sources. First, we assess the spatial distribution of the three criminal punishment variables and two violent injury variables, violent injury overall and violent injury in children by county from 2010 to 2014, using Moran’s I statistic and Local Indicators of Spatial Autocorrelation. Then we assess the association of criminal punishment on violent injury and child abuse injury using a two-way fixed effects panel models.ResultsChild abuse injuries are relatively rare in our data but are significantly concentrated geographically, unlike violent injuries which are more dispersed throughout Minnesota. Incarceration and probation are significantly geographically concentrated in similar regions while monetary sanctions are not geographically concentrated. We find a link between probation loads and violent injury, specifically, with a 1 day increase in per capita probation supervision associated with a 0.044 increase in violent injury incidence per 1000 people. In contrast, monetary sanctions and incarceration loads have little association with either violent injury or child abuse injury incidence.ConclusionsCriminal punishment is intended to reduce harm in society, but many argue that it may bring unintended consequences such as violence. This study finds that county-level probation has a modest positive association with county-level violent injury rates, but monetary sanctions and incarceration are less associated with violence injury rates. No measure of criminal punishment was associated with a reduction in violence. This study addresses a gap in previous literature by examining the association of punishment and violence in two unrelated datasets. High rates of criminal punishment and violent injury are both urgent public health emergencies. Further individual-level investigation is needed to assess potential links.
Performance of statistical and machine learning-based methods for predicting biogeographical patterns of fungal productivity in forest ecosystems
Authors: Morera Albert , Martínez de Aragón Juan , Bonet José Antonio , Liang Jingjing , de-Miguel Sergio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe prediction of biogeographical patterns from a large number of driving factors with complex interactions, correlations and non-linear dependences require advanced analytical methods and modeling tools. This study compares different statistical and machine learning-based models for predicting fungal productivity biogeographical patterns as a case study for the thorough assessment of the performance of alternative modeling approaches to provide accurate and ecologically-consistent predictions.MethodsWe evaluated and compared the performance of two statistical modeling techniques, namely, generalized linear mixed models and geographically weighted regression, and four techniques based on different machine learning algorithms, namely, random forest, extreme gradient boosting, support vector machine and artificial neural network to predict fungal productivity. Model evaluation was conducted using a systematic methodology combining random, spatial and environmental blocking together with the assessment of the ecological consistency of spatially-explicit model predictions according to scientific knowledge.ResultsFungal productivity predictions were sensitive to the modeling approach and the number of predictors used. Moreover, the importance assigned to different predictors varied between machine learning modeling approaches. Decision tree-based models increased prediction accuracy by more than 10% compared to other machine learning approaches, and by more than 20% compared to statistical models, and resulted in higher ecological consistence of the predicted biogeographical patterns of fungal productivity.ConclusionsDecision tree-based models were the best approach for prediction both in sampling-like environments as well as in extrapolation beyond the spatial and climatic range of the modeling data. In this study, we show that proper variable selection is crucial to create robust models for extrapolation in biophysically differentiated areas. This allows for reducing the dimensions of the ecosystem space described by the predictors of the models, resulting in higher similarity between the modeling data and the environmental conditions over the whole study area. When dealing with spatial-temporal data in the analysis of biogeographical patterns, environmental blocking is postulated as a highly informative technique to be used in cross-validation to assess the prediction error over larger scales.
Portfolio diversification benefits of alternative currency investment in Bitcoin and foreign exchange markets
Authors: Qarni Muhammad Owais , Gulzar Saiqb 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study examines the portfolio diversification benefits of alternative currency trading in Bitcoin and foreign exchange markets. The following methods are applied for the analysis: the spillover index method of Diebold and Yilmaz (Int J Forecast 28(1): 57–66, 2012.10.1016/j.ijforecast.2011.02.006), the spillover asymmetry measures of Barunik et al. (J Int Money Finance 77: 39–56, 2017.10.1016/j.jimonfin.2017.06.003), and the frequency connectedness method of Barunik and Křehlík (J Financ Econom 16(2): 271–296, 2018.10.1093/jjfinec/nby001). The findings identify the presence of low-level integration and asymmetric volatility spillover as well as a dominant role of short horizon spillover among Bitcoin markets and foreign exchange pairs for six major trading currencies (US dollar, euro, Japanese yen, British pound sterling, Australian dollar, and Canadian dollar). Bitcoin is found to provide significant portfolio diversification benefits for alternative currency foreign exchange portfolios. Alternative currency Bitcoin trading in euro is found to provide the most significant portfolio diversification benefits for foreign exchange portfolios consisting of major trading currencies. The findings of the study regarding spillover dynamics and portfolio diversification capabilities of the Bitcoin market for foreign exchange markets of major trading currencies have significant implications for portfolio diversification and risk minimization.
Involving people affected by a rare condition in shaping future genomic research
Authors: Nunn Jack S. , Gwynne Kylie , Gray Sarah , Lacaze Paul 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
There is evidence that involving potential participants and the public in co-designing research can improve the quality of the study design, recruitment and acceptability of the research, but appropriate methodologies for doing this are not always clear. In this study we co-designed a way of involving people affected by a rare genomic disease in shaping future genomic research about the condition. The aim was to report the process, experiences and outcomes of involving people in genomic research in a standardised way, in order to inform future methods of involvement in research co-production.

Method
Participants were recruited from an online community hosted by an Australian-based rare disease charity and were over the age 18 years. Once people gave consent, we shared learning resources with participants and invited them to complete an online survey before joining a two-week facilitated online discussion, followed by a second online survey. We used the novel tool ‘Standardised Data on Initiatives - Alpha Version 0.1’ (STARDIT) to map preferences, plan involvement and report any outcomes from the process, with quantitative data analysed descriptively and qualitative data thematically analysed.

Results
Of the 26 people who gave consent and completed the initial survey, 15 participated in the online discussion and 12 completed the follow-up survey. STARDIT was used to report six outcomes from the process, including 60% of participants’ responses showing a change towards ‘widening’ their view of who should be involved in research to include more people. Outcomes also included an improved understanding of research and how to be involved. Participants enjoyed online discussions, found learning resources useful and asked to stay involved in the research process. The partner organisation reported that a similar online discussion will be used in future research prioritisation processes.

Conclusion
Involving people in co-designing the process improved the study design, ensuring it met the needs of participants. Whilst the study includes participants from only one disease group, using STARDIT allowed us to map people’s preferences and report the methods and outcomes from involving people, providing a way for learning from this case study to inform future research studies beyond the discipline of public health genomics.
Effects of calcium level and source, formic acid, and phytase on phytate degradation and the microbiota in the digestive tract of broiler chickens
Authors: Krieg Jochen , Borda-Molina Daniel , Siegert Wolfgang , Sommerfeld Vera , Chi Yung Ping , Taheri Hamid Reza , Feuerstein Dieter , Camarinha-Silva Amélia , Rodehutscord Markus 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Diet acidification, dietary calcium (Ca) level, and phytase supplementation are known influences on the microbial community in the digestive tract and on phosphorus (P) utilization of broiler chickens. Effects of dietary factors and microbiota on P utilization may be linked because microorganisms produce enzymes that release P from phytate (InsP6), the main source of P in plant feedstuffs. This study aimed to detect linkages between microbiota and InsP6 degradation by acidifying diets (i.e., replacing Ca carbonate (CaCO3) by Ca formate or adding formic acid to CaCO3-containing diets), varying Ca levels, and supplementing phytase in a three-factorial design. We investigated i) the microbial community and pH in the digestive tract, ii) prececal (pc) P and Ca digestibility, and iii) InsP6 degradation.

Results
All factors under investigation influenced digesta pH and the microbiota composition. Predicted functionality and relative abundance of microorganisms indicated that diets influenced the potential contribution of the microbiota on InsP degradation. Values of InsP6 degradation and relative abundance of the strains Lactobacillus johnsonii and Lactobacillus reuteri were correlated. Phytase supplementation increased pc InsP6 disappearance, with differences between Ca levels, and influenced concentrations of lower inositol phosphate isomers in the digestive tract. Formic acid supplementation increased pc InsP6 degradation to myo-inositol. Replacing CaCO3 by Ca-formate and the high level of these Ca sources reduced pc InsP6 disappearance, except when the combination of CaCO3 + formic acid was used. Supplementing phytase to CaCO3 + formic acid led to the highest InsP6 disappearance (52%) in the crop and increased myo-inositol concentration in the ileum digesta. Supplementing phytase leveled the effect of high Ca content on pc InsP6 disappearance.

Conclusions
The results point towards a contribution of changing microbial community on InsP6 degradation in the crop and up to the terminal ileum. This is indicated by relationships between InsP6 degradation and relative abundance of phosphatase-producing strains. Functional predictions supported influences of microbiota on InsP6 degradation. The extent of such effects remains to be clarified. InsP6 degradation may also be influenced by variation of pH caused by dietary concentration and solubility of the Ca in the feed.
Interleukin-37 as an anti-inflammatory cytokine: does its relation to disease activity suggest its potential role in rheumatoid arthritis therapy?
Authors: Baraka Eman A. , Balata Mona G. , Ahmed Shereen H. , Khamis Afaf F. , Elattar Enas A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to measure the serum and synovial interleukin (IL)-37 levels in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients compared to patients with primary knee osteoarthritis (PKOA) and healthy controls and to detect its relation to RA disease activity.

Results
This cross-sectional study included 50 RA patients with a mean age of 40.24 ± 8.62 years, 50 patients with PKOA with a mean age of 56.69 ± 4.21, and 40 healthy controls with a mean age of 41.75 ± 7.38 years. The mean serum IL-37 level in the RA patients (382.6 ± 73.97 pg/ml) was statistically significantly (P < 0.001) the highest among the studied groups; however, it showed a non-significant difference between the PKOA patients (70.38 ± 27.49 pg/ml) and the healthy controls (69.97 ± 25.12 pg/ml) (P > 0.94). Both serum and synovial IL-37 levels were significantly positively correlated with disease activity scores (r = 0.92, P< 0.001 and r = 0.85, P < 0.001), tender joint counts (r = 0.83, P < 0.001 and r = 0.82, P < 0.001 ), swollen joint counts (r = 0.72, P < 0.001 and r = 0.60, P < 0.001), visual analog scale (r = 0.82, P < 0.001 and r = 0.82, P < 0.001), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r = 0.75, P < 0.001 and r = 0.65, P < 0.001), and C-reactive protein (r = 0.93, P < 0.001 and r = 0.79, P < 0.001), respectively.

Conclusion
Serum and synovial IL-37 were significantly elevated in the RA patients, and they were closely correlated. Being less invasive, the serum IL-37 could be a marker of disease activity and could reflect the effective disease control by drugs. Having an anti-inflammatory effect could not suggest IL-37 as the key player to control inflammation alone, but its combination with other anti-proinflammatory cytokines could be investigated.
Development of an Oncology Acute Care Risk Prediction Model
Authors: Csik Valerie P. , Li Michael , Binder Adam F. , Handley Nathan R. 
Published: March 2021

PURPOSE Acute care utilization (ACU), including emergency department (ED) visits or hospital admissions, is common in patients with cancer and may be preventable. The Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services recently implemented OP-35, a measure in the Hospital Outpatient Quality Reporting Program focused on ED visits and inpatient admissions for 10 potentially preventable conditions that arise within 30 days of chemotherapy. This new measure exemplifies a growing focus on preventing unnecessary ACU. However, identifying patients at high risk of ACU remains a challenge. We developed a real-time clinical prediction model using a discrete point allocation system to assess risk for ACU in patients with active cancer. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of patients with active cancer from a large urban academic medical center. The primary outcome, ACU, was evaluated using a multivariate logistic regression model with backward variable selection. We used estimates from the multivariate logistic model to construct a risk index using a discrete point allocation system. RESULTS Eight thousand two hundred forty-six patients were included in the analysis. ED utilization in the last 90 days, history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure or renal failure, and low hemoglobin and low neutrophil count significantly increased risk for ACU. The model produced an overall C-statistic of 0.726. Patients defined as high risk (achieving a score of 2 or higher on the risk index) represented 10% of total patients and 46% of ACU. CONCLUSION We developed an oncology acute care risk prediction model using a risk index–based scoring system, the REDUCE (Reducing ED Utilization in the Cancer Experience) score. Further efforts to evaluate the effectiveness of our model in predicting ACU are ongoing.
The Interactive Effect of Prepregnancy Overweight/Obesity and Isolated Maternal Hypothyroxinemia on Macrosomia
Authors: Liu Yindi , Guo Fei , Zhou Yulai , Yang Xi , Zhang Yong , Fan Jianxia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractContextPrepregnancy overweight/obesity (OWO) and isolated maternal hypothyroxinemia (IMH) may increase the risk of macrosomia, but little is known about their potential combined effect on macrosomia.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess whether prepregnancy OWO and first-trimester IMH have a synergistic effect on the risk of macrosomia.MethodsA large prospective cohort study in a Chinese population from January 2016 to December 2018 in a tertiary care center. In total, 34 930 pregnant women were included. The main outcome measure was macrosomia.ResultsA total of 34 930 participants comprising IMH and euthyroid cases was included in this study. Prepregnancy OWO and first-trimester IMH were independently associated with an increased risk of macrosomia (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.48, 95% CI 2.22, 2.78, and adjusted OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.34, 2.01, respectively). The coexistence of prepregnancy OWO and IMH was associated with macrosomia, with an adjusted OR of 5.26 (95% CI 3.9, 7.0) compared with pregnant women without either condition. The additive interaction between prepregnancy OWO and IMH was found to be significant with regard to macrosomia.ConclusionPrepregnancy OWO and IMH in the first trimester may synergistically increase the risk of macrosomia.