bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatio-Temporal Classification and Prediction of Land Use and Land Cover Change for the Vembanad Lake System, Kerala – a Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Sundar Parthasarathy Kulithalai Shiyam , Deka Paresh Chandra 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Land use and land cover (LULC) change has become a critical issue for decision planners and conservationists due to inappropriate growth and its effect on natural ecosystems. As a result, the goal of this study is to identify the LULC for the Vembanad Lake System (VLS), Kerala in the short term, i.e., within a decade, utilizing two standard machine learning approaches, Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machines (SVM), on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. When comparing the two techniques, SVM is classified at an average accuracy of around 84.5%, while RF is classified at 89%. The RF outperformed the SVM in almost identical spectral classes such as barren land and built-up areas. As a result, RF classified LULC is considered to predict the Spatio-temporal distribution of LULC transition analysis for 2035 and 2050. The study was conducted in Idrisi TerrSet software using the Cellular Automata (CA)-Markov chain analysis. The model's efficiency is evaluated by comparing the projected 2019 image to the actual 2019 classified image. The efficiency was good with more than 94% accuracy for the classes except for barren land, which might have resulted from the recent natural calamities and the accelerated anthropogenic activity in the area.
Development and Validation of a Risk Prediction Model of Linezolid-induced Thrombocytopenia in Elderly Patients
Authors: Qin Yan , Chen Zhe , Gao Shuai , Pan Ming Kun , Li Yu Xiao , Lv Zhou Qian , Shen Yun , Ye Yanrong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background Linezolid is an oxazolidinone antimicrobial agent developed for treating multi-drug-resistant gram-positive bacterial infections. Objective This study aimed at investigating risk factors of linezolid (LI)-induced thrombocytopenia (LI-TP) and establishing a risk predictive model for LI-TP.Setting ZhongShan Hospital, FuDan University, China. Method A retrospective study was performed in patients aged ≥ 65 years receiving linezolid therapy from January 2015 to April 2021. Clinical characteristics and demographic data were collected and compared between patients with LI-TP and those without.Main outcome measures Incidence and risk factors of LI-TP in elderly patients.Results A total of 343 inpatients were included as the train set from January 2015 to August 2020. Among them, 67 (19.5%) developed LI-TP. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that baseline platelet counts < 150×109·L-1 (OR=3.576; P< 0.001), age ≥ 75 years (OR=2.258; P=0.009), eGFR< 60 mL·(min·1.73m2)-1 (OR=2.553; P=0.002), duration of linezolid therapy ≥ 10 d (OR=3.218; P<0.001), ICU admittance (OR=2.682; P=0.004), and concomitant with piperacillin-tazobactam (PTZ) (OR=3.863; P=0.006) were independent risk factors for LI-TP. The risk predictive model was established and exhibited a moderate discriminative power, with an AUC of 0.795 [95%CI 0.740-0.851] and 0.849 [95%CI 0.760-0.939] in train set (n=343) and validation set (n=90), respectively.Conclusion The risk factors of LI-TP in elderly patients were duration of linezolid therapy, age, eGFR, ICU admittance, baseline platelet counts, and concomitant with PTZ. A risk predictive model based on these risk factors may be useful to identify patients with high risk of LI-TP.
Prognostic Value of Long Non-Coding RNAs MALAT1 in Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Pooled Analysis of Two Cohorts.
Authors: Li Heng , Zhang YuXue , Liu YanLong , Qu ZhangYi , Liu YuPeng , Qi JiPing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Previous researches have shown that the aberrant expression of Metastasis associated in lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) in tumour tissues may serve as a biomarker for colorectal cancer (CRC) prognosis. However, these previous studies have small sample sizes and lacked validation from independently external populations. We therefore aimed to clarify the prognostic value of MALAT1 expression status in CRC patients using a large cohort and validate the findings with another large external cohort. Methods: The prognostic association between MALAT1 expression status and CRC outcomes was evaluated initially in a prospective cohort in China (n=164) and then validated in an external TCGA population (n=596). In the initial cohort, MALAT1 expression levels were quantified by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Propensity score (PS) adjustment method was used to control potential confounding biases. The prognostic significance was reported as PS-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: There was no statistically significant association between MALAT1 expression status and CRC patient overall survival (OS) or disease free survival (DFS) in both initial cohort and external validation cohort populations. When combining these populations together, the results did not change materially. The summarized HRPS-adjusted were 1.010 (95%CI, 0.752-1.355, P=0.950) and 1.170 (95%CI, 0.910-1.502, P=0.220) for OS and DFS, respectively. We performed extensive sensitivity analyses, and demonstrated a very robustness of these results. Conclusions: The MALAT1 expression status was not associated with prognostic outcomes in CRC patients. Our findings did not support a prognostic association of MALAT1 expression with CRC outcomes.
Activated mTORC1-SIRT6 Mediates Myofibroblast Differentiation and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Zhang Ji , Hu Yi , Huang Huiping , Liu Qun , Du Yang , Wang Guangdong , Gao Dehong , Guo Weixi , Wang Zhanxiang , Ma Aiping 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterised by accumulation of myofibroblasts and deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. Fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation and myofibroblast hyperproliferation plays a major role in pulmonary fibrosis. Moreover, mTOR signaling pathway and SIRT6 play a critical role in pulmonary fibrosis. However, the mechanisms whether SIRT6 affect the myofibroblasts differentiation during IPF remain unclear.MethodWe investigated myofibroblast differentiation using a bleomycin-induced mouse pulmonary fibrosis model and TGF-b1 induced human fetal lung fibroblasts (MRC5) in vitro. We used both SIRT6 siRNA and rapamycin to study the role of SIRT6 and mTOR signaling pathway in the normal human lung fibroblasts and the myofibroblasts from human IPF lungs.ResultsOur data show that high level of SIRT6 was detected in IPF samples, and SIRT6 was signiﬁcantly upregulated by TGF-β1 in a time and concentration-dependent manner. SIRT6 expression and activation of mTORC1 signalling pathway were upregulated in fibrotic lung tissues and primary lung fibroblasts isolated from patients with IPF and bleomycin-challenged mice. Furthermore, rapamycin treatment inhibited mTORC1 pathway activity and SIRT6 protein expression. SIRT6 SiRNA failed to mediate the activity of mTORC1 pathway and autophagy induction. However, SIRT6 knockdown could promote TGF-b1 induced pro-fibrotic cytokines.ConclusionActivated mTORC1 signalling pathway regulated SIRT6 overexpression. Deficiency of SIRT6 mediated myofibroblasts differentiation through induced pro-fibrotic cytokines production in the present of TGF-β1. The study indicated that manipulations of SIRT6 expression may provide a new therapeutic strategy to prevent and reverse the progression of pulmonary fibrosis.
Management of a Pipkin Type III Femoral Head Fracture Via Ganz Approach with a Cannulated Lag Screw &amp; Herbert Screw
Authors: Hu Liangcong , Xie Xudong , Mi Bobin , Michael. Le Grange Jehane , Wang Tiantian , Xue Hang , Lin Ze , Xiong Yuan , Hu Yiqiang , Yan Chengcheng , Chen Lang , Zhou Wu , Liu Mengfei , Liu Guohui 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the medium - to long-term efficacy of a Ganz approach and cannulated lag screw combined with Herbert screw, in the management of a Pipkin type III femoral head fracture.Methods:Retrospective analysis was performed on 11 patients (6 males, 5 females) who sustained Pipkin type III femoral head fractures and were managed with a cannulated lag screw, combined with Herbert screw, inserted using the Ganz approach and who were admitted to our department between June 2018 to June 2020. Perioperative indicators, postoperative function and follow-up complications at 9 months after surgery, Harris score at 6 and 9 months after surgery, Thompson-Epstein score, hip femoral head necrosis and incidence of post traumatic hip arthritis were analysis.Results:10 patients completed follow-up, with an average follow-up time of (13.7 ± 2.1) months. The mean operative time was (100.3 ± 23.67) minutes, intraoperative blood loss was (138.6 ± 50.18) ml, peripheral blood hemoglobin (Hb) was (105.6 ± 18.94) g/L 24 hours after surgery, and the complication rate was 1/10 2 weeks after surgery. The Harris Hip Scores for joint function at 6 and 9 months after the operation were (68.6 ± 5.49) points and (88.8 ± 5.77) points respectively. The excellent and good rate in the last follow-up was 80% (Thompson-Epstein score). The complication rate was 10%.Conclusion:A cannulated lag screw combined with a Herbert screw and inserted via the Ganz approach, is an effective method for the treatment of Pipkin type III fractures.
Risk Factors for Maternal and Fetal Mortality in Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy and New Predictive Models
Authors: Meng Zhaoli , Fang Wei , Zhang Jicheng , Meng Mei , Wang Qizhi , Qie Guoqiang , Chen Man , Wang Chunting 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) is a rare but potentially life-threatening hepatic disorder that leads to considerable maternal and fetal mortality. A better understanding of the risk factors of AFLP is required.Methods: We analyzed demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, and laboratory findings of 106 patients with acute fatty liver of pregnancy. Risk factors for maternal and fetal mortality were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The new models based on the multivariate logistic regression analysis and model for end-stage liver disease were tested for all patients with acute fatty liver of pregnancy. The receiver operating characteristic curve was applied to compare the prediction efficiency, sensitivity, and specificity of the two models.Results: Prenatal nausea (p = 0.037), prolonged prothrombin time (p = 0.003), and elevated serum creatinine (p = 0.003) were independent risk factors for maternal mortality in patients with acute fatty liver of pregnancy. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the area under the curve of the model for end-stage liver disease was 0.948, with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 83.3%. The area under the curve of new model was 0.926, with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 94.8%. Hepatic encephalopathy (p = 0.016) and thrombocytopenia (p = 0.001) were independent risk factors for fetal mortality. Using receiver operating characteristic curve, the area under the curve of the model for end-stage liver disease was 0.694, yielding a sensitivity of 68.8% and a specificity of 64.4%. The area under the curve of the new model was 0.893, yielding a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 73.3%. Conclusion: Both the new predictive model for maternal mortality and the model for end-stage liver disease showed good predictive efficacy for maternal mortality in patients with acute fatty liver of pregnancy (the area under the curve = 0.948 and 0.926, respectively), and the new predictive model for fetal mortality was superior to the model for end-stage liver disease in predicting fetal mortality (the area under the curve = 0.893 and 0.694, respectively) with better sensitivity and specificity.
ERBB2 S310F Mutation Independently activates PI3K/AKT And MAPK Pathways through Homo-Dimerization to Contribute Gallbladder Carcinoma Growth
Authors: Fan Kun , Wang Jiwen , Shen Sheng , Ni Xiaojian , Gong Zijun , Zheng Bohao , Sun Wentao , Suo Tao , Liu Han , Ni Xiaoling , Liu Houbao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Genomic instability and mutability are a prominent character of tumor. The whole-exosome sequence reveals that ERBB2 mutations are the representative mutations of gallbladder carcinoma, which takes potential targets for gallbladder carcinoma therapy. However, the roles of ERBB2 mutations are unclear in gallbladder carcinoma. We identified S310F mutation is the hottest mutation of ERBB2 mutations from TCGA PanCancer Altas data with 10967samples and our previous study with 157 gallbladder carcinoma samples. S310F mutation located in ERBB2 extracellular domain, promoted ERBB2 homodimerization and consequent auto-phosphorylation to activate the downstream PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways, which was independent on ERBB1、ERBB3 and ERBB4. ERBB2 S310F mutation up-regulated aerobic glycolysis and promoted gallbladder carcinoma growth. Our study reveals the roles of ERBB2 S310F mutation, which is beneficial to ERBB2 S310F mutant gallbladder carcinoma therapy.
Characteristics of breast cancer patients tested for germline BRCA1/2 mutations by next-generation sequencing in Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University
Authors: Oranratnachai Songporn , Yamkaew Watchalawalee , Tunteeratum Atchara , Sukarayothin Thongchai , Iemwimangsa Nareenart , Panvichian Ravat 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Germline mutations in BRCA1/2 are the most common cause of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome. A few studies have reported the prevalence of germline BRCA mutations in Asian patients with breast cancer. Here, we aimed to explore the prevalence and characteristics of breast cancers in Thai patients with germline BRCA1/2 mutations. We retrospectively reviewed breast cancer patients tested for germline BRCA1/2 mutations in our institute during 2014–2018. BRCA mutations were detected using next-generation sequencing and confirmed using Sanger sequencing. We analyzed the characteristics of patients with or without BRCA mutations, disease-free survival (DFS), and associated factors. Among the 67 included patients, 12 (18%) were BRCA1/2 carriers (6 each), 4 (6%) harbored variants of uncertain significance, and 51 (76%) were non-carriers. We discovered two novel frameshift mutations in BRCA2 (c.2380delA and c.8855dupT). Mean ages at breast cancer diagnosis in BRCA1 carriers, BRCA2 carriers, and non-carriers were 39.8, 46.2, and 42.0 years, respectively. The 12 tumors of BRCA carriers were mostly the luminal-B subtypes. Two of these tumors were HER2-positive luminal-B; however, the triple-negative subtype was not observed. After adjusting for stages and luminal subtypes, BRCA carriers experienced worse 3-year DFS than non-carriers (81.5% vs. 90.3%, HR 2.04 (0.64–6.49), P = 0.229). The stage at diagnosis was the sole factor significantly associated with 3-year DFS (100%, 84.8%, and 72.7%; stages I, II, and III, respectively). In summary, breast cancers in Thai patients with germline BRCA1/2 mutations were mostly the luminal-B subtypes and experienced a worse prognosis than those without mutations.
Novel Cattail Fiber Composites - Converting Waste Biomass into Reinforcement for Composites
Authors: Shadhin Md , Rahman Mashiur , Jayaraman Raghavan , Mann Danny 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM), used to manufacture medium to large sized composites for transportation industries, require non-woven mats. While non-woven glass mats used in these applications are optimized for resin impregnation and properties, such optimized mats for natural fibers are not available. In the current research, cattail fibers were extracted from plants (18–30% yield) using alkali retting and nonwoven cattail fiber mat was manufactured. The extracted fibers exhibited a normal distribution in diameter (davg. = 32.1 µm) and the modulus and strength decreased with increase in diameter with average values of 19.1 GPa and 172.3 MPa, respectively. The cattail fiber composites were manufactured using non-woven mats, Stypol polyester resin, and VARTM (101 kPa) and compression molding pressures (260 and 560 kPa) and tested. Out-of-plane permeability changed with Vf of mats, which was influenced by areal density, thickness, and fiber packing in the mat. The cattail fibers reinforced the stypol resin significantly. The modulus and the strength increased with consolidation pressures due to increase in fiber volume fraction (Vf), with maximum values of 7.4 GPa and 48 MPa, demonstrating the utility of Cattail fibers from waste biomass as reinforcements.
Trefoil Factors as Screening Biomarkers for Gastric Cancer and Premalignant Lesions: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Zan Xiangyi , Chen Zhaofeng , Guo Qinghong , Wang Yuping , Zhang Zhiyi , Ji Rui , Zheng Ya , Zhang Jinhua , Wu Zhengqi , Li Min , Wang Xiang , Ye Yuwei , Li Xiaohua , An Feng , Xu Chuanggui , Lu Linzhi , Fan Ping , Zhang Jun , Guan Quanlin , Li Qiang , Liu Min , Ren Qian , Hu Xiaobin , Lu Hong , Wang Yuling , Zhang Hongling , Zhao Yue , Gou Xi , Shu Xiaochuang , Wang Jun , Hu Zenan , Liu Rong , Yuan Hao , Liu Jiankang , Qiao Liang , Zhou Yongning 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background:

The lack of effective biomarkers for screening gastric cancer (GC) and premalignant lesions (PMLs) is a significant roadblock in the prevention and early intervention of GC. We aimed to identify noninvasive biomarkers to improve the screening of high-risk populations.
Methods:

We evaluated 25,000 adults residing in Wuwei. We collected baseline characteristics, GC risk indicators, including trefoil factors (TFF1–3), endoscopy diagnosis, and pathological information. We analyzed the data to determine the association of risk biomarkers with the progression of GC and the prediction capacities of these biomarkers using odds ratio (OR)-adjusted models and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses.
Results:

TFF1 and TFF2 serum levels showed incremental changes from the PMLs to the GC group, with the highest serum TFF3 levels reported in the intestinal metaplasia group. TFF1 and TFF2 had significant predictive values in the PMLs and GC in the three OR-adjusted models but not in the non-atrophic gastritis group. Similar results were obtained after adjusting for all biomarkers and risk factors wherein the ORs (95 % confidence intervals) of TFF1 and TFF2 in the GC group were 2.71 (1.57–4.67) and 2.87 (1.75–4.71), respectively (P < 0.001). The combination of TFF1–3 showed the largest area under the curve across all four groups (chronic atrophic gastritis [0.74], intestinal metaplasia [0.79], low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia/dysplasia [0.79], and GC [0.84]), making it the best-fit ROC.
Conclusions:

TFF1, TFF2, and the combination of TFF1–3 can serve as sensitive, specific, and noninvasive biomarkers for detecting GC and PMLs, facilitating the early identification of these lesions.
Antioxidant Systems Response, Mineral Element Uptake and Safe Utilization of Polygonatum Sibiricum in Cadmium-Contaminated Soil
Authors: Kang Yuchen , Yang Li , Dai Haibo , Xie Mengdi , Wang Yuhao , Peng Jie , Sun Hui , Ao Tianqi , Chen Wenqing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Chinese herbal medicine is widely cultivated in southwest China where the soil cadmium (Cd) contamination of farmland is more serious than that in the whole of China. In this study, Polygonatum sibiricum were exposed to Cd at the concentrations of e− 1, e0, e2, and e4 mg·kg− 1 for up to 30,60, and 90 days and their physiological stress responses, Cd and mineral element uptake, antioxidant enzyme activities, and content changes of pharmaceutical ingredients (polysaccharides) were analyzed to decipher the feasibility of safety use in Cd contaminated soil. Results showed that the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, and CAT) of the aboveground part was enhanced in response to Cd stress after 90 d. Compared with the control, the underground part mobilizes non-enzymatic systems to facilitate the synthesis of polysaccharides (PCP1, PCP2) with antioxidant properties to cope with Cd stress. Mineral elements (P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, and Zn) were significantly changed after 90 d of cultivation. In particular, the changes in iron and zinc contents were significantly correlated with the activities of SOD and POD. The soil Cd safety thresholds value for Polygonatum sibiricum is e0 mg·kg− 1, under which concentration the stimulation of Cd promotes polysaccharides synthesis and biomass growth.
TNFR1 is Upregulated and Mediates Apoptosis in Cumulus Cells of Women With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Jiang Yaping , Jiang Rui , Zhang Peng , Yu qiong , Ba Hongping , Jin Lei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose

To investigate the changes of human granulosa cell, TNFR1, TNFR2 and their downstream molecules in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the control group.
Methods

We recruited infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (n = 30) and compared them with infertility due to fallopian tube obstruction(n = 30, control group). The ovaries were stimulated with GnRH agonists and gonadotropins. Follicular fluid from large follicles ([14 mm]) was pooled and granulosa cells (GCs) were separated by a cellular filter. The TNF-α level of follicular fluid was measured by ELISA. TUNEL assay were used to detect the apoptosis of purified GCs. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of TNF-related signaling molecules in GCs.
Results

The rate of high quality embryos in the PCOS group was lower than that in the control group. There were higher percentages of apoptosis in GCs of PCOS patients than in the control group. TNF-α is upregulated in follicular fluid of PCOS patients. TNFR1 and caspase-3 mRNA level were signifificantly higher in PCOS group than in the control group. TNF-α-mediated apoptosis of PCOS granulosa cells was mainly dependent on TNFR1.The TNF-α/TNFR1 signaling pathway mediates apoptosis rather than survival in cumulus cells of PCOS patients.
Conclusions

TNF-α expression was upregulated in follicular fluid of PCOS patients, and TNFR1 overexpression in female granulosa cells of PCOS was associated with higher levels of apoptosis in these cells, suggesting that the TNF-α/TNFR1 signaling pathway may be a candidate for higher apoptosis in female granulosa cells of PCOS.