bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors of Extensively Drug Resistant Typhoid Fever Among Children in Karachi: Case-Control Study (Preprint)
Authors: Vighio Anum , Syed Muhammad Asif , Hussain Ishfaque , Zia Syed Masroor , Fatima Munaza , Masood Naveed , Chaudry Ambreen , Hussain Zakir , Iqbal Baig Mirza Zeeshan , Baig Mirza Amir , Ikram Aamer , S Khader Yousef 
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Extensively drug resistant typhoid fever (XDR-TF) has been responsible for an ongoing outbreak in Pakistan, which began in November 2016.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with XDR-TF.

METHODS

This age- and sex-matched case-control study was conducted during May-October 2018 in Karachi. All patients with XDR-TF were identified from the laboratory-based surveillance system data. Cases included patients aged &lt;15 years living in Karachi with culture-positive <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Typhi with resistance to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, fluoroquinolones, and third-generation cephalosporins. Age- and sex-matched controls included children free from the symptoms of TF, aged under 15 years, and residing in Karachi. All controls were recruited from among those who attended outpatient clinics.

RESULTS

A total of 75 cases and 75 controls were included in this study. On univariate analysis, the odds of having XDR-TF were 13-fold higher among participants who used piped municipal water than among those who did not (odds ratio [OR] 12.6, 95% CI 4.1-38.6). The use of bore water was significantly associated with XDR-TF (OR 5.1, 95% CI 1.4-19.0). Cases were more likely to report eating French fries with sauce (OR 13.5, 95% CI 3.9-47.0) and poppadum (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.7-6.7) from street vendors than controls. Boiling water at home was negatively associated with XDR-TF (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2-0.7). On multivariate analysis, 2 factors were independently associated with XDR-TF. Using piped municipal water (OR 10.3, 95% CI 3.4-30.4) and eating French fries with sauce from street vendors (OR 8.8, 95% CI 2.1-36.2) were significantly associated with an increased odds of XDR-TF.

CONCLUSIONS

Community water supply and street food eating habits were implicated in the spread of the superbug <i>S</i> typhi outbreak, which continues to grow in Karachi. Therefore, it is recommended to improve the community water supply to meet recommended standards and to develop a policy to improve the safety of street food. In addition, health authorities are required to conduct mass vaccination for TF among high-risk groups.
Self Nano-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) of Curcuma Mangga Val. Essential Oil and The Stability Study
Authors: Sudibyo Retno Sunarminingsih , Mahdi Lukman , Martien Ronny 
Published: January 2021

Essential oil of Curcuma mangga Val. has been reported to have cytotoxic effect against cancer cell lines. But this oil is unstable in dispensing so that a self nano-emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) of the oil was conducted to solve the problem and improve its potency. In the study, optimization, verification, characterization, and stability test of the SNEDDS formula were carried out respectively by simplex lattice design (SLD) on Design Expert ver. 10 software, droplet size and Zeta potential determinations using particle size analyzer (PSA) instrument, as well as heating-cooling and freeze-thaw methods.
The best SNEDDS formula resulted was Miglyol : Tween 80 : PEG 400 = 16.034% : 68.380% : 15.586%; with transmittance of 84.47 + 1.05%, droplet size of 15.75 nm, zeta potential of -8.54 mV, polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.188, emulsifying time of 49.67 + 1.7 seconds in distilled water, 24.33 + 4.19 seconds in artificial gastric fluid and 21.33 + 2.87 seconds in artificial intestine fluid. After a freeze-thaw test there was no change on the emulsion’s clarity, color, smell, as well as no separation, which means that the formula was stable thermodynamically.
The optimum SNEDDS formula resulted has small particle size, better emulsifying time in artificial gastric and intestine fluids, as well as better thermodynamic stability, which in turn will improve the cytotoxic activity of the Curcuma mangga Val. rhizome oil toward cancer cells.
Comparative Evaluation of Outcomes After Standard versus “Modified Large PCNL”- Is Larger Better…?
Authors: Jain Deep Kumar , Hegde Padmaraj , Chawla Arun 
Published: January 2021

Objectives To comparatively evaluate the outcomes of standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) versus a 36 Fr PCNL in terms of operative time, complications, hospital stay, and stone free rates. Patients and Methods The data of 125 PCNL cases, out of the 168 PCNLs done from January 2014 to December 2015, was retrospectively analyzed within two subsets, namely group-A (standard PCNL with 22-32 Fr Amplatz) and group-B (modified large PCNL with 36 Fr Amplatz). The demographic profile, stone characteristics, operative and laboratory parameters, and stone clearance rate were analyzed to determine the safety and efficacy of the modified large PCNL as against standard PCNL. Results Group-A comprised 88 patients with 100 renal units, while group-B comprised 37 patients with 45 renal units. The mean age of the patients in Group-A was 49.1 + 13.1 years, and in Group-B was 52.4 + 11.4 years (range 25-84 years) with a male to female ratio of 4:1. 54.5% and 75.7% unilaterally intervened, group-A and group-B patients respectively, required < 90 minutes for the procedure. Nine patients (10.2%) each of unilaterally and bilaterally intervened group-A cases had an operative time that exceeded 120 minutes compared to only two (5.4%) bilaterally intervened group-B cases. For patients with stone burden >1000 mm2, there was statistically significant (p = < 0.0001) higher complete stone clearance rates with the 36Fr PCNL compared to standard PCNL. Conclusion Our retrospective analysis revealed that 36 Fr PCNL is safe and efficacious in carefully selected patients with large stone burdens providing the advantage of better stone-free rates, less operative time, lesser need for additional punctures without increasing blood transfusion and complications rates. However, more extensive prospective randomized trials are needed to confirm this perceived benefit.
TEXTO DAS PALAVRAS E TEXTO DOS CORPOS (PEÇASAMBA)
Authors: Barbosa Neto Esperidião Barbosa 
Published: January 2021

A psicologia, pela via da psicanálise, sugere um diálogo com a arte da dança. Pensamos o corpo como instância psíquica, palco do movimento cuja expressão se faz palavra. Nesse cenário o sentido se produz e pode ser ressignificado; dançantes se transformam no enredo de como a vida é. Nosso objetivo é apresentar uma peça teórica (e descrição de uma prática) articulando o corpo à dança, cuja arte é capaz de ressignificação da experiência traumática. O trabalho se compõe de duas partes, o texto das palavras e o texto dos corpos. No primeiro uma peça teórica sobre o corpo e a dança, no outro a prática dançante e o diálogo corporal. Conclui-se que a dança, como arte e objeto de transformação, pode resgatar o sentido perdido pelo sujeito no âmbito individual, coletivo, histórico e sociocultural. O texto, seja ele das palavras ou dos corpos, é efeito do tecimento de algum sentido.Palavras-chave: corpo psíquico; dança; samba de gafieira, sentido.
Agenda 2030
Authors: Lima-Rodrigues Luzia Mara Silva , Rodrigues David António 
Published: January 2021

A Educação Inclusiva permanece um grande desafio para todos os sistemas educativos. Consagrada com um dos Objetivos do Milénio, a Inclusão enfrenta dificuldades de se afirmar em sistemas educativos que não foram concebidos para lidar com todo o universo de alunos e alunas. Este ensaio apresenta o conceito de Inclusão e discute este conceito na sua relação com os valores e práticas da Educação Física. São igualmente discutidos cinco desafios que assumem maior relevância quando se trata de criar efetivos ambientes inclusivos na área das atividades motoras: as atividades, as metodologias, a avaliação, a cooperação e formação dos professores e ainda a criação de ambientes inclusivos.
AKTIVITAS INSEKTISIDA EKSTRAK DAUN DAN BIJI TEPHROSIA VOGELII J. D. HOOKER (LEGUMINOSAE) DAN EKSTRAK BUAH PIPER CUBEBA L. (PIPERACEAE) TERHADAP LARVA CROCIDOLOMIA PAVONANA (F.) (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE)
Authors: Abizar Muhamad , Prijono Djoko 
Published: January 2021

Insecticidal activity of leaf and seed extracts of Tephrosia vogelii J. D. Hooker (Leguminosae) and fruit extract of Piper cubeba L. (Piperaceae) on the cabbage head caterpillar, Crocidolomia pavonana (L.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Ethyl acetate leaf and seed extracts of Tephrosia vogelii and a solid fraction of ethyl acetate fruit extract of Piper cubeba were evaluated for their insecticidal activity on second-instar larvae Crocidolomia pavonana by a leaf-residue feeding method in the laboratory. Leaf extracts of purple and white-flowered T. vogelii showed the same pattern of component separation on silica gel TLC plate (Rf between 0.21 and 0.94), and likewise the separation of components of seed extracts of purple and white-flowered T. vogelii (Rf between 0.31 and 0.96). All four kinds of T. vogelii extracts showed intense UV-absorbing nonpolar spots (Rf > 0.8). Based on LC50 ratio at day 4, leaf extract of purple-flowered T. vogelii (LC50 0.075%) was 4.30, 2.70, 2.21, and 1.64 times more toxic than fruit extract of P. cubeba, seed extract of white-flowered T. vogelii, seed extract of purple-flowered T. vogelii, and leaf extract of white-flowered T. vogelii, respectively. All T. vogelii extracts were more toxic to C. pavonana larvae than P. cubeba fruit extract. At LC95 level, a mixture of leaf extract of purple-flowered T. vogelii and fruit extract of P. cubeba (5:9, w/w) was more toxic to C. pavonana larvae than each extract tested separately. This extract mixture had synergistic joint action against C. pavonana larvae both at LC50 and LC95 level. Thus, leaf extract of purple-flowered T. vogelii and its mixture with P. cubeba fruit extract are promising to be used for controlling C. pavonana.
ELIMINATION OF Cucumber Mozaic Virus (CMV) FROM A RANGE OF CHRYSANTHEMUM CULTIVARS THROUGH MERISTEM CULTURE FOLLOWING HEAT TREATMENT
Authors: Budiarto Kurniawan 
Published: January 2021

Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) is one of pathogenic viruses that commonly found and has caused significant losses in many chrysanthemum growers in Indonesia. Efforts have been made to get healthy plant source through eliminating virus from infected plants and one of the promising methods was the combination of thermotherapy and meristem culture. The research was conducted to find out the effect of meristem culture following heat treatments on the existence of CMV in infected chrysanthemum plantlets. The experiment was carried out in the laboratory of tissue culture and virology at The Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute (IOCRI) from August 2007 until June 2008. A complete factorial with ten replications was designed to accomplish the combination of two factors. The first factor was three chrysanthemum cultivars, namely Stroika, Dewi Sartika and White Fiji, while the second dealt with the durations of heat treatment i.e. one, two and three weeks. The results showed that plantlet survival decreased, yet improved plantlet performance by faster bud initiation with lengthened heat duration. The percentage of virus-free planlets also increased along with the duration of treatment and three weeks heat treatment followed by meristem culture effectively eliminated CMV from infected planlets.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA CURAH HUJAN DAN LUAS SERANGAN BELALANG KEMBARA (Locusta migratoria manilensis Meyen) DI PROVINSI LAMPUNG
Authors: Sudarsono Hamim , Hasibuan Rosma , Swibawa I Gede 
Published: January 2021

Population outbreak of the oriental migratory locust, Locusta migratoria manilensis Meyen (Orthoptera: Aciridae), in Lampung between 1990’s to 2000’s has caused serious economic loss to agriculture. Anticipation of the pest outbreak is required to prevent serious loss in the future; one of possible approach is by analyzing data of rainfall and locust damage area. The study was aimed to analyze the relationship between rainfalls and area of damage caused by locust population in rice and corn fields using 17 years period of data from Lampung Province. The results indicate that locust damage occurred when there were high rainfalls followed low ones at wet season. Time lag of 8 month was determined as the period needed for L. migratoria manilensis to raise its population when the pest has developed gregarious colonies in the region. Rainfalls between 248,27 mm/month (on corn fields) to 287,06 mm/month (on rice fields) were optimum for the initiation of the locust population increase after a period of dry weather in the region. Results of autocorrelation tests indicate that the occurrence of locust damage in an area would be followed by population increase in a region where gregarious colonies have developed.
KETAHANAN DUA PULUH SATU VARIETAS PADI TERHADAP PENYAKIT HAWAR DAUN BAKTERI
Authors: Djatmiko Heru Adi , Fatichin Fatichin 
Published: January 2021

Resistance of twentyone rice varieties to Bacterial Leaf Blight. Bacterial leaf blight is one of the most important diseases of rice plants. Resistant Variety is one of safe, effective, and environment friendly alternative controls to suppress the bacterial leaf blight on rice. The objectives of this research were to find the most resistant varieties against bacterial leaf blight, and to study the yield of inoculated rice varieties. The research was carried out experimentally. This experiment was arranged in Randomized completely block design with 22 treatments and three replicates. Varieties of IR64 as control for susceptible varieties. Observed Variables were incubation period, disease intensity, seed weight per panicle, and seed weight per hills. The result of this research showed that variety IR 70 was the most resistant variety to bacterial leaf blight. Variety having highest yield was Rojolele with seed weight per hill was 31.17 g.
THE REWARD OF WORSHIP IN RAMADHAN DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Inam Akhsanul , Rayungsari Maya 
Published: January 2021

This research aims at analyzing the rewards obtained from carrying out worship in Ramadhan during the Covid-19 Pandemic Period. The research approach applied was qualitative with the type of library research. The objects of the research were prayer, reading Al Qur’an and Al-Hadith. The Covid-19 pandemic period, according to the regulation issued by the government of Indonesia in the form of social distancing, gave great impacts on the implementation of worship during Ramadhan. The data were analyzed based on the stipulations and guidelines of implementing the worship, especially during Ramadhan, which had been analyzed using mathematical calculations. The research results showed that the reward of implementing worship during the Covid-19 pandemic period was tremendous either in quantitative or qualitative calculations. In addition, it focused on the quality, so that the results of this research can be utilized as a basis for improving the quality of worship. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis manfaat yang diperoleh dari melaksanakan ibadah di bulan Ramadhan selama Periode Pandemi Covid-19. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian kepustakaan. Objek penelitiannya adalah shalat, membaca Al-Qur'an dan Al-Hadits. Masa pandemi Covid-19, menurut aturan yang dikeluarkan pemerintah Indonesia berupa social distancing, berdampak besar pada penyelenggaraan ibadah selama Ramadhan. Data dianalisis berdasarkan ketentuan dan pedoman pelaksanaan ibadah khususnya pada bulan Ramadhan yang dianalisis menggunakan perhitungan matematis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pahala melaksanakan ibadah selama periode pandemi Covid-19 sangat besar baik secara kuantitatif maupun kualitatif. Selain itu juga menitikberatkan pada kualitas, sehingga hasil penelitian ini dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai dasar untuk peningkatan kualitas ibadah.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA E-LEARNING BERBASIS EDMODO PADA MATERI TEOREMA PYTHAGORAS
Authors: Farman Farman , Chairuddin Chairuddin 
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun dan memperoleh media e-learning berbasis edmodo pada materi pythagoras yang valid, praktis dan efektif bagi peserta didik kelas VIII SMP-TQ Muadz Bin Jabal Kendari. Pembelajaran matematika berbasis e-learning menggunakan edmodo dipilih sebagai media alternatif dalam meningkatkan minat dan hasil belajar pada materi pythagoras. Pengembangan e-learning ini dikembangkan dengan model ADDIE yang terdiri atas beberapa langkah, yaitu: (1) analysis (2) design (3) development, (4) implementation dan (5) evaluation. Subyek uji coba dalam penelitian pengembangan ini adalah peserta didik Kelas VIII SMP Mu’adz Bin Jabal Kendari pada Tahun Ajaran 2019/2020 yang berjumlah 31 peserta didik.Uji kevalidan media pembelajaran digunakan lembar validasi dan untuk menguji keefektifan media pembelajaran digunakan angket respon peserta didik. Sedangkan uji keefektifan media pembelajaran digunakan tes hasil belajar materi teorema pythagoras. Berdasarkan penilaian oleh ahli dan pelaksanaan uji coba, diperoleh hasil bahwa media e-learning berbasis edmodo materi teorema Pythagoras memenuhi kriteria valid, praktis dan efektif. E-learning berbasis edmodo dapat dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan minat dan memfasilitasi pembelajaran interaktif yang mendukung pemahaman peserta didik SMP Kelas VIII pada materi Pythagoras. Abstract This study aims to compile and obtain edmodo-based e-learning media on pythagorean material which is valid, practical, and effective for grade VIII students of SMP-TQ Muadz Bin Jabal Kendari. E-learning based mathematics learning using edmodo was chosen as an alternative media in increasing interest and learning outcomes of Pythagorean material. This e-learning development is developed with the ADDIE model, which consists of several steps, namely: (1) analysis, (2) design, (3) development, (4) implementation, and (5) evaluation. The subjects in this development research were 31 students of grade VIII SMP Mu'adz Bin Jabal Kendari in the 2019/2020 academic year. The learning media's validity test used a validation sheet, and to test the effectiveness used student response questionnaire. At the same time, the test of the learning media's effectiveness used the learning outcomes test of the Pythagorean theorem. The experts' assessment and the implementation of trials found that the mathematics learning media of the Edmodo-based Pythagorean theorem met the valid, practical, and effective criteria. Edmodo-based e-learning can be used to increase interest and facilitate interactive learning that supports the understanding of grade VIII junior high school students on the pythagorean theorem material.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Dedak Fermentasi Terhadap Kandungan Bahan Kering dan Bahan Organik Silase Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum Purpureum)
Authors: Azizah Nisa Husnul , Ayuningsih Budi , Susilawati Iin 
Published: January 2021

Silase merupakan teknologi pengawetan hijauan dengan cara anaerob. Dedak fermentasi dapat digunakan sebagai starter dalam pembuatan silase yang bertujuan untuk mempercepat proses fermentasi. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan dedak fermentasi terhadap kandungan bahan kering dan bahan organik silase rumput gajah. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2019 - Januari 2020 di kelompok ternak Mekar Jaya, Dusun Cikangkung RT 01 RW 03, Desa Cikembulan, Kecamatan Sidamulih, Kabupaten Pangandaran dan analisis laboratorium dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Nutrisi Ternak Ruminansia dan Kimia Makanan Ternak Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Padjadjaran di Jatinangor Sumedang. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimental serta rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan dan 6 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas P1 (1% dedak fermentasi), P2 (3% dedak fermentasi) dan P3 (5% dedak fermentasi). Data penelitian dianalisis menggunakan Analisis Varian (ANOVA). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan tidak nyata (P> 0,05) mempengaruhi kandungan bahan kering dan bahan organik silase rumput gajah.
The Policy of Integration in Developing The Skills of People with Special Needs Through A Professional Didactic Approach “Analytical Field Study on the Reality of Integrated Classes in Azrou City”
Authors: Siham Zain  , SoufianeZerraf  , Said Belaaouad  , Abderrahimkhyati  
Published: January 2021

In view of the importance of the educational act, and the effective role played by the school in building the society on the basis of solidarity and equal opportunities, as well as the rehabilitation of emerging generations to exercise their rights and duties, as well as integration into the world of knowledge, communication and in different social and environmental circles[1]. The process of integrating special needs children, in regular or integrated classes within regular public schools or specialized rehabilitation educational centers, is of great importance to these groups of society, their families and society in general[2]. Based on the above, the research will start by answering the followingquestions:
How can the parents of children with special needs consider the educational process offered by the integrated classes? Can they have a different view of the fact that their children are being integrated? To what extent can educational performance of the integrated classes makes change on special needs children and their family environment? Where does the integration approach emerge through the educational process for special needs children?
This study was conducted in the integrated classes in Azrou city depending of Ifrane provincial direction (National Education Ministry) in each of the following institutions:

Imam Ali bin Abi TalibSchool
Abdel Karim El KhattabiSchool
Musa binNusairSchool
Education section of the regional compound for people in specialneeds.

In the period from September 2017 to February 2019 the study was conducted on a sample of special needs parents, as well as a sample of special needs children and on a sample of teachers working in the integrated classes.
in this research we have adopted a descriptive analytical approach because it fits the nature of the study, which is classified as part of exploratory studies, where it requires the collection of information and facts on the problem presented by type of special needs and the selection of different samples from parents and the teachers in the integrated classes and children in a difficult situation by conducting interviews based on technical forms,
The study showed that the integrated classes of Azrou city have changed the view for the parents about the integration of their children educationally in society according to several variables.