bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of hepatatis B prevention and awareness among barbers in Gwer West Local Government area, Benue state, Nigeria
Authors: Gabriel Ogbeyi Ofikwu , Joseph Jenewari Atiye , Francis Ogbeyi Aba , Tolulope Afolaranmi O. , Paul Aba John , Emmanuel Ikpom Terhemba 
Published: May 2021

Background: The rapid increase in the prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection is an important public health issue worldwide. Millions of the general population is at an increased risk of being infected but they lack the awareness and preventive measures against this infection. This study was carried out among barbers in Naka, Gwer West Local Government area of Benue state, to determine the predictors of awareness and preventive measures against hepatitis B. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study involving all barbers in Naka were carried out. Structured interviewer administered questionnaires were used in collecting data from the respondents. Data were analyzed using statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23.0. Adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were used as point and interval estimates on the logistic model while a p value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The total number of respondents in this study was 57. The mean age of the respondents was 25.9±2.10. Majority (92.2%) of the respondents had heard of hepatitis B, 48.9% were able to identify the cause of the disease as virus. Majority of the respondents (78.7%) identified vaccination as a preventive measure against hepatitis B. On vaccination, more than half (51.1%) had been vaccinated against hepatitis B. Vaccination and information significantly affect prevention and awareness p=0.015 and 0.001 respectively.Conclusions: Awareness of hepatitis B was high in this study but awareness about causes and clinical presentations were low. There is need for proper health education programmes to improve their knowledge about hepatitis B and its prevention.
Clinical manifestations of familial hypercholesterolemia: a case series
Authors: Shankar Rao Subramani K. , Chikkabasavaiah Nagamani A. , Hathi Varshit D. , Jadhav Santosh , Noorain Saleha , Gowda Ravinandan , Nanjappa Manjunath C. 
Published: May 2021

Familial hypercholesterolemia is a rare, monogenic, co-dominant, life-threatening disorder resulting from loss of function mutations in the genes responsible for synthesis of low-density lipoprotein receptors or apo-B genes or gain of function mutations in PCSK9 genes in the liver which affects 0.2% of the population. It is characterized by severe lifelong elevation of LDL cholesterol and by development of xanthelasma, xanthomas, premature coronary artery disease and peripheral artery occlusive disease. Most patients develop PCAD and aortic stenosis before the age of 20 years and die before 30 years of age. The diagnosis of FH is usually based on clinical presentation and commonly used criteria are the Dutch lipid clinic network criteria, Simon Broome criteria or the WHO criteria. We encountered four cases of familial hypercholesterolemia over last 10 years. All the four patients presented with effort angina and all were found to have obstructive coronary artery disease oncoronary angiogram and two of them had severe supravalvular aortic stenosis. All four patients were on dietary modifications, high intensity statin and cholesterol absorption inhibitor. Two patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting with aortoplasty, one patient underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and one patient underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Familial hypercholesterolemia leads to development of life-threatening manifestations early in the second and third decades of life. Early diagnosis, aggressive treatment and control of risk factors and cascade screening are important in management and will help to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease.
Domestic Violence against Infertile Women
Authors: Sharifi Farangis , Jamali Jamshid , Larki Mona , Roudsari Robab L. 
Published: May 2021

Domestic violence (DV) against infertile women is an important health concern, which affect their well-being. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the prevalence of DV against infertile women. The study was done based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) on international electronic databases. Inclusion criteria were cross-sectional studies published in English and Persian journals, which investigated the prevalence of DV against infertile women up to May 2020. Out of 634 studies, 26 cross-sectional studies were systematically reviewed, from which 16 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Violence varied widely in infertile women, from 14.987 to 88.918%. The results of meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of violence was equal to 47.163% (95% CI 34.660 to 59.850%). Psychological and emotional violence was the most common types of violence. Considering high rate of DV, policymakers are recommended to address the problem by providing supportive cares including educational and counseling services.
Keywords: Women's Infertility, Violence, Domestic Violence, Intimate Partner Violence
Characterization of the Microstructure of the Cement-Rock Interface Using Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy and Micro-Computed Tomography Scan
Authors: Yang Xinxiang , Kuru Ergun , Gingras Murray , Iremonger Simon , Biddle Sara , Lin Zichao 
Published: May 2021

Summary
Cement-rock interface is a major component of the wellbore barrier system. Leakage may result from the poor bonding between cement and rock interface. In this paper we investigate possible factors that may affect the cement-rock interface bonding. More specifically, integrity of the cement-rock interface was characterized using micro-computed tomography (CT) and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM).
Hollow cylinder rock samples were prepared by using rock samples (e.g., Banff dolostone, Pekisko limestone, Doig sandstone, Notikewin siltstone, Montney siltstone, and Wilrich siltstone) collected from different Alberta wells at various depths. Two abandonment cement blends were injected into the rock open hole. After curing the cement-rock samples in water at ambient temperature (≈21°C) and 1,500 psi for 7 days, the samples were then processed into thin sections. By using ESEM (0.05-µm resolution) and micro-CT (11.92-µm resolution) techniques, the 2D and 3D models of the cement-rock interface were developed. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was conducted to analyze chemical characteristic of the cement-rock samples. Using the CT images, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models were built to simulate fluid flow through the cement-rock samples.
For both cement and rock, there is a nonuniform porosity distribution in radial and axial directions. For most of the cement-rock samples, the highest porosity region in the cement column was found at the cement-rock interface. Optimizing the chemistry of the cement system enhances the cement-rock interface bond by effectively reducing the gap between cement and rock observed in ESEM images. Although cement migration was observed in the rough rock surface in porous rocks, the rock interface and matrix zones have almost identical element concentrations. For the investigated samples, the chance for significant chemical reaction at the cement-rock interface is minimal. CFD simulation based on digital cement models showed that the cement-rock interface has more chance to act as the main flow pathway when intact (low permeability) caprock exists.
The sample preparation, image analysis and simulation methods used in this study can be also applied to other cement interface studies (e.g., cement-casing, casing-cement-rock). From the practical field application point of view, the results presented here would help to have a better understanding of the requirements for designing optimum cement formulations to establish effective zonal isolation and reduce the greenhouse gas emissions from oil and gas wells.
Improving Relative Bioavailability through Drug-in-Adhesive Transdermal Patch of Duloxetine:MeβCD
Authors: Kumar Rajiv , Sinha Vivek Ranjan , Dahiya Lalita , Sohajda Tamas , Sarwal Amita 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aim of the study was to develop optimised drug-in-adhesive (DIA) transdermal patch of duloxetine HCl. It is known that acrylic polymers having different functional groups play significant role in enhancing drug permeation. Among various permeation enhancers (PEs), Transcutol P exhibited most enhanced permeation (ER≈1.99) in terms of flux and Q24 compared to control group having no PE. Hence, a transdermal DIA patch having DURO-TAK 87-2287 as DIA polymer and TP as PE loaded with 40% DLX previously complexed with MeβCD and duly characterised (FTIR, DSC and SEM) was developed for in vivo study. Mean of maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under time-concentration curve (AUC0-72) in Wistar rats (n=6) for transdermal patch (10 mg/kg) was found to be 70.31±11.2 ng/ml and 2997.29±387.4 ng/ml*h respectively and these values were considerably higher than oral dose of DLX (20 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg). Albeit, T1/2 was higher in case of transdermal delivery but this was due to sustained behaviour of delivery system. These findings highlight the significance of both inclusion complexation and transdermal delivery of DLX using DIA patch for efficient drug absorption and thus reducing the dose of drug and related side effects.
The Changes of PM2.5, BC, Elements and Pollution Sources Using Nuclear Technology in Xinzhen, Beijing Over the Past Decade
Authors: Yang Junkai , Yao Yonggang , Zhang Hui , Zhang Yangmei , Xiao Caijin , Ni Bangfa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The concentrations of PM2.5, black carbon (BC), elements as well as sources of pollution in Beijing from 2003 to 2018 were investigated. The results show that the concentrations of PM2.5 and BC had similar annual and seasonal trends, especially in autumn-winter, which with declining trends in recent years. The proportion of BC in PM2.5 reduced from 13% in 2013(max) to 8.5% in 2018(min), indicating the reducing measure of replacing coal boiler with gas boilers worked well. In this study, annual trends of 15 elements were also discussed, it is found that the concentrations of S, K, Mn, Ca, Pb, Cu, Mn and Fe displayed remarkable decrease these years. Br, Zn and Cl was growing overall and Cl was more concentrated in PM2.5 in autumn and winter. Moreover, the In detected by NAA with high sensitivity may be a new and crucial fingerprint element associated with coal combustion, industry emission or biomass combustion because of correlation with BC, Na, K, Cu and halogen elements well. Finally, 6-factor solution was identified during 2007 and 2016-2017 by EPA PMF, and the proportions of some pollution sources changed a lot in PM2.5. Soil management in north China reduced the soil and dust source by 9.2%; The contribution of Industry-S or secondary S showed decrease from 27.5% to 22.5% due to industries relocating , gasoline with sulfur optimization and coal burning restriction; Banning straw burning and waste incineration in 2007 kept biomass and waste combustion out gradually. However, initial stage of some policies maybe the main reasons for a small increase of coal combustion source despite some steps taken.
Controlling CH4 Emissions from Integrated Vertical-Flow Constructed Wetlands by Using Potassium Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) as Oxidant
Authors: Luo Hongbing , Guo YaLi , Liu Xiaoling , Pu Aiping , Zhang Ke , Jiang Bing , Xue Ru , Li Mei , Li Xiaoting , Huang Bo , Chen Wei , Fan Liangqian , Chen Fenghui , Zhang Xiaohong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
It is very important to control methane emissions to reduce global warming. In this study, an attempt was made to adjust the oxidation-reduction potential (Eh) by adding different mass of potassium peroxymonosulfate (PMS) (0 g, 31.25 g, 62.5 g, 125 g, 250 g and 500 g) to reduce methane from integrated vertical-flow constructed wetlands (IVCW). Results show that the reduced CH4 emission from IVCW was the highest with decreased by 43.5% compared to blank group (PMS=0), when adding 125g PMS. Importantly, the reduced CH4 from the root-water system of IVCW was higher than that of the stem-leaf system of IVCW, when adding PMS. It’s found that Eh not only has a significant correlation with CH4 flux, but also has a significant relationship between PMS quality, DO, water temperature and sampling time (yEh= -0.44XPMS + 6.82XDO + 0.38t - 264.1, R2 = 0.99). It concludes that PMS, as an oxidant, is a very feasible method for controlling methane emissions from IVCW. Further research may combine other methods such as microbiology, physical control and hydrology control for mitigating the CH4 emissions from constructed wetlands.
Urine Transferrin as an Early Endothelial Dysfunction Marker in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Without Nephropathy: A Case Control Study.
Authors: Sánchez-Hidalgo José Juan , SUÁREZ-CUENCA Juan Antonio , Lozano-Nuevo José Juan , García-López Vìctor Hugo , Leal-Gutierrez María Graciela , León-Angel Sein Antonio , Ramírez-Villa María Leslye , Rodea-Rubio Martha Elena , González-Hernández José Enrique , Canela-Mayoral José Antonio , Murillo-Heredia Eduardo , Vera-Gómez Eduardo , Hernández-Patricio Alejandro , Zamora-Alemán Carlos Ramiro , Domínguez-Pérez Gabriela Alexandra , Gutiérrez-Buendia Juan Ariel , Mondragón-Terán Paul 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Albumin, along with other proteins, is abnormally eliminated via the urine during early stages of diabetic nephropathy. Moreover, endothelial dysfunction (ED) accompanying early diabetic nephropathy may develop even before microalbuminuria is detectable. Transferrin has a molecular weight comparable to albumin, and transferrinuria and microalbuminuria in a 24-hour urine sample may comparably reflect early diabetic nephropathy. However, transferrin physiochemical properties may be related with ED, but these have not been elucidated yet. This case-control study was aimed to evaluate relation between ED and urinary transferrin concentration before early diabetic nephropathy is present.
Methods

Patients were enrolled from two study sites in Mexico City: Ticoman General Hospital to evaluate control patients; and Dr. Manuel Gonzalez Rivera Specialized Clinic for the Management of the Diabetic Patient for case patients. All patients provided written informed consent. The primary endpoint was the correlation between urinary transferrin concentration and endothelial dysfunction measured in type 2 diabetic patients without albuminuria. ED was evaluated by ultrasonographic validated measurements, which included carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and flow mediated dilation (FMD). A power calculation, to detect a statistical difference, with a p value of 0.05, mandated a sample of 60 patients. The patients were tested for serum biomarkers such as glycated hemoglobin, creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, and urinary dipstick for albuminuria and urinary tract infection; using inclusion, exclusion and elimination criteria as described.
Results

The group with type 2 diabetes was older and showed higher serum transferrin and lower urinary transferrin values. Likewise, the group with type 2 diabetes showed subclinical atherogenic risk characterized by lower FMD and higher CIMT and ABI values. Risk factors associated to endothelial dysfunction measured by CIMT were time from diagnosis of diabetes, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and male sex. Hba1c and time since diabetes diagnosis correlated both for risk associated to FMD and CIMT. CIMT was the only factor correlated with urinary transferrin values.
Conclusion

Urinary transferrin correlated to subclinical endothelial dysfunction measured by CIMT in type 2 diabetic patients without nephropathy and can be used to test for early nephropathy in patients without albuminuria.
The Effect of Intra- vs. Extramedullary Tibial Guides on the Alignment of Lower Extremity and Functional Outcomes following Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Razzaghof Mohammadreza , Mortazavi SM Javad , Moharrami Alireza , Irani Pouya Tabatabaei , Noori Abbas 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been known as a definitive treatment of advanced knee osteoarthritis. Both intra- (IM) and extramedullary (EM) tibial guides have been used to restore the desired extremity alignment. However, controversy exists regarding the superiority of either technique. We aimed to compare their functional outcomes and accuracy in providing neutral alignment after TKA. Methods: In a randomized, double-blinded clinical trial, we studied 98 patients undergoing primary TKA in two groups of IM and EM. We measured the medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), varus angle (VA), and joint-line convergence angle with normal ranges of 90°±3°, 0-2°, and 0±3°, respectively, on a three-joint alignment view after three months. We also assessed functional outcomes at the last follow-up. Finally, we compared these outcomes between groups. Results: Eighty-four patients (IM=42, EM=42) were included in the final analysis (16 males, 68 females; mean age: 63.9±8.6 years; mean follow-up: 27±2.9 months). The mean postoperative alignment angles showed no significant difference, although MPTA outliers were significantly more frequent in the EM group (26.2% vs. 9.5% in IM, P=0.04). None of the functional outcomes showed a significant difference between groups. However, the mean ROM increase was significantly higher in VAs within ±3° of normal than those outside it (30.8 vs. 27.4, respectively; P=0.039). Conclusions: We conclude that both techniques were not different in terms of the mean alignment angles and functional outcomes. However, fewer MPTA outliers can be seen with IM. A postoperative mechanical axis within ±3° of neutral can result in a more ROM increase after one year. Trial registration: IRCT, IRCT20160809029286N5. Registered 21 April 2020, https://www.irct.ir/trial/46976
Clinical Validation of Automated and Rapid MariPOC SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Test
Authors: Koskinen Juha M. , Antikainen Petri , Hotakainen Kristina , Haveri Anu , Ikonen Niina , Savolainen-Kopra Carita , Sundström Kati , Koskinen Janne O. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 diagnostics was quickly ramped up worldwide early 2020 based on the detection of viral RNA. However, based on the scientific knowledge for pre-existing coronaviruses, it was expected that the SARS-CoV-2 RNA will be detected from symptomatic and at significant rates also from asymptomatic individuals due to persistence of non-infectious RNA. To increase the efficacy of diagnostics, surveillance, screening and pandemic control, rapid methods, such as antigen tests, are needed for decentralized testing and to assess infectiousness. A novel automated mariPOC SARS-CoV-2 test was developed for the detection of conserved structural viral nucleocapsid proteins. The test utilizes sophisticated optical laser technology for two-photon excitation and individual detection of immunoassay solid-phase particles. We validated the new method against qRT-PCR. Sensitivity of the test was 100.0% (13/13) directly from nasopharyngeal swab specimens and 84.4% (38/45) from swab specimens in undefined transport mediums. Specificity of the test was 100.0% (201/201). The test's limit of detection was 2.7 TCID50/test. It showed no cross-reactions. Our study shows that the new test can detect infectious individuals already in 20 minutes with clinical sensitivity close to qRT-PCR. The mariPOC is a versatile platform for syndromic testing and for high capacity infection control screening of infectious individuals.
The Comparative Efficacy for Children and Young Adults With Internet Addiction/Internet Gaming Disorder: An Updated Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chang Yue-Cune , Huang Yun-Chieh , Yang Luke , Tzang Ruu-Fen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Internet Game Disorder (IGD) is a formal mental disorder leading to bad outcomes for children and adolescents. While (Internet Addiction) IA/IGD is recognized, controversy remains about the treatment guidelines. This study comprehensively compares the estimated effect of various pharmacotherapy and psychosocial intervention for IGD from randomized controlled trials (RCT) by updated meta-analysis, meta-regression. A search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Airiti Library between 2000 and 2017 was conducted for various IA/IGD intervention modals. 124 studies from 29 selected papers involving 5,601 children and young adults with IA/IGD were found. The preliminary random effect is 1.399 with 95% confidence interval of 1.272-1.527 by meta-analyzing pooled standardized mean difference (SMD), suggesting highly effective treatment of IA/IGD. After adjusting for the confounding risks of age, publication year, type of subjects, and type of study, this study reveals combining pharmacotherapy with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or multi-level counseling (MLC) is the most effective treatment option. Using scale of Online time spent scale or the severity of IA symptom scale were more effective measurement with p-values = 0.006 and 0.002, respectively. IA/IGD patients comorbid with depression showed worse outcomes than youth comorbid with another comorbidity. The corresponding model goodness-of-fit indices were τ2 = 1.188; I2-Residual=89.74%; and Adjusted- R2 = 16.10%. This systemic review provides clinicians with evidence that pharmacotherapy combined with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or multi-level counseling (MLC) is an effective treatment for gaming disorder in children and young adults.
TIMP-1 As a Promising Therapeutic Indicator for the Intestinal Inflammation and Fibrosis.
Authors: Sato Keisuke , Suzuki Hideyuki , Karasawa Hideaki , Yamamura Akihiro , Kajiwara Taiki , Kobayashi Minoru , Hatsuzawa Yuuri , Handa Tomoyuki , Kuroha Masatake , Masamune Atsushi , Kamei Takashi , Ohnuma Shinobu , Unno Michiaki 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Intestinal fibrosis is a major complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which can be prevented with anti-inflammatory therapies. However, inflammatory biomarkers do not necessarily reflect the progression of fibrosis, and hence, an indicator that reflects the therapeutic effects of available anti-inflammatory drugs on fibrosis is needed. This study shows that tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) is a potential therapeutic indicator for ongoing intestinal fibrosis in IBD patients.Methods: TIMP-1 mRNA levels in human myofibroblasts were measured, and TIMP-1 expression in the intestine of 10 Crohn’s disease (CD) patients was examined by immunohistochemistry. Colitis was induced in C57BL/6 mice by administration of 1.5% dextran sodium sulfate for 7 days; then, the mice were treated with anti-TNF-α antibody or phosphate-buffered saline for 14 days. Intestinal fibrosis was evaluated by Masson’s trichrome staining, and TIMP-1 mRNA levels in the intestinal tissue and plasma TIMP-1 levels were measured.Results: TIMP-1 expression in human fibroblasts increased after differentiation into myofibroblasts. TIMP-1 expression in CD intestinal tissue was significantly higher in the inflammation area than in the fibrotic or normal areas. In a murine colitis mode in which TIMP-1 mRNA levels were increased, anti-TNF-α antibody administration significantly attenuated inflammation and fibrosis assessed by a reduction in TIMP-1 mRNA levels in intestinal tissue and plasma TIMP-1 levels.Conclusions: The results in this study show that TIMP-1 is a potential new biomarker that could be used to assess the effectivity of different therapeutic strategies for intestinal inflammation and fibrosis in IBD patients.