bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Genes Encoding Aminoglycoside-Modifying Enzymes and
armA among Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolates in Alexandria,
Egypt
Authors: ELsheredy Amel , Yousif Zainab , Elghazzawi Ebtesam , Elmenshawy Ahmed , Ghazal Abeer 
Published: February 2021

Introduction:
Acinetobacter baumannii (A.baumannii) is a ubiquitous pathogen responsible
for serious infections in hospitalized patients with a high propensity to develop resistance to
antimicrobial agents. The study aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns and the
prevalence of aminoglycoside resistance genes among A. baumannii clinical isolates from patients
in different intensive care units (ICUs) in Alexandria, Egypt.

Methods:
A total of 100 A. baumannii isolates collected from ICU patients were confirmed as A.
baumannii by VITEK 2 and the presence of the blaOXA-51 gene has been reported. Antimicrobial
susceptibility testing was performed and Multiplex PCR was done for the detection of aminoglycoside
resistance genes.

Results:
Most of the isolates (82%) were resistant to all tested aminoglycosides; resistance was
higher for kanamycin and neomycin, followed by amikacin. The predominant AMEs were aphA6
and aphA1 in 86% and 67% of the isolates, respectively; aacA4 and aacC1 were detected in 37%
and 8%, respectively, while aadA1 and aadB were present in 34% and 4%, respectively. Furthermore,
the armA gene was detected in 83% of the isolates.

Conclusion:
The results of this study revealed a high level carriage of armA and AMEs, which limit
the usage of aminoglycoside as a treatment option for A. baumannii and make treatment extremely
difficult.
Novel Variants of DOCK8 Deficiency in a Case Series of Iranian Patients
Authors: Momtazmanesh Sara , Rayzan Elham , Zoghi Samaneh , Shahkarami Sepideh , Molatefi Rasol , Mohammadzadeh Iraj , Ghaffari Javad , Mahmoudi Hamidreza , Dmytrus Jasmin , Segarra-Roca Anna , Somekh Ido , Witzel Maximilian , Hauck Fabian , Boztug Kaan , Klein Christoph , Rezaei Nima 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Dedicator of Cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8) deficiency, the most frequent cause of autosomal recessive hyper immunoglobulin (Ig)E syndrome, is a rare combined immunodeficiency.

Objective:
In this study, we report seven patients with consanguineous parents with five novel variants within the DOCK8 gene.

Methods:
For genetic analysis, we performed Whole Exome Sequencing (WES), or targeted sequencing by means of Next-generation sequencing (NGS) for some of the patients. For others, Sanger sequencing, Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used.

Results:
We report five novel variants within the DOCK8 gene: three deletions (deletion of exons 4-12, 24-30, and 22-27), one frameshift (LRG_196:g.189315dup;p.(Leu1052Profs*7)), and a splice region variant (LRG_196t1:c.741+5G>T). Patients presented with skin lesions, food allergy, candidiasis, otitis, recurrent respiratory infections, short stature, aortic aneurism, gynecomastia, and coarse facial features. Patients had leukocytosis, eosinophilia, lymphopenia, and monocytosis, elevated IgE, IgG, IgA , reduced IgM and IgA levels. Patients had a low percentage of CD3+ and CD4+ cells, and a high percentage of CD19+, CD27+CD19+, and recent thymic emigrants T cells. The percentage of natural killer cells was increased in one of the patients while it was decreased in another patient. One patient died due to disseminated intravascular coagulation after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Conclusion:
We reported novel variants within the DOCK8 gene and highlighted risk of aneurysms in these patients, which have been rarely reported in these patients.
Association Between Smoking and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Cross-sectional Study of the EPICOVID19 Internet-Based Survey
Authors: Prinelli Federica , Bianchi Fabrizio , Drago Gaspare , Ruggieri Silvia , Sojic Aleksandra , Jesuthasan Nithiya , Molinaro Sabrina , Bastiani Luca , Maggi Stefania , Noale Marianna , Galli Massimo , Giacomelli Andrea , Antonelli Incalzi Raffaele , Adorni Fulvio , Cibella Fabio ,   EPICOVID19 Working Group
Published: February 2021

Background
Several studies have reported a low prevalence of current smoking among hospitalized COVID-19 cases; however, no definitive conclusions can be drawn.

Objective
We investigated the association of tobacco smoke exposure with nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) test results for SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease severity accounting for possible confounders.

Methods
The nationwide, self-administered, cross-sectional web-based Italian National Epidemiological Survey on COVID-19 (EPICOVID19) was administered to an Italian population of 198,822 adult volunteers who filled in an online questionnaire between April 13 and June 2, 2020. For this study, we analyzed 6857 individuals with known NPS test results. The associations of smoking status and the dose-response relationship with a positive NPS test result and infection severity were calculated as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs by means of logistic and multinomial regression models adjusting for sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics.

Results
Out of the 6857 individuals (mean age 47.9 years, SD 14.1; 4516/6857, 65.9% female), 63.2% (4334/6857) had never smoked, 21.3% (1463/6857) were former smokers, and 15.5% (1060/6857) were current smokers. Compared to nonsmokers, current smokers were younger, were more educated, were less affected by chronic diseases, reported COVID-19–like symptoms less frequently, were less frequently hospitalized, and less frequently tested positive for COVID-19. In multivariate analysis, current smokers had almost half the odds of a positive NPS test result (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.45-0.65) compared to nonsmokers. We also found a dose-dependent relationship with tobacco smoke: mild smokers (adjusted OR [aOR] 0.76, 95% CI 0.55-1.05), moderate smokers (aOR 0.56, 95% CI 0.42-0.73), and heavy smokers (aOR 0.38, 95% CI 0.27-0.53). This inverse association also persisted when considering the severity of the infection. Current smokers had a statistically significantly lower probability of having asymptomatic (aOR 0.50, 95% CI 0.27-0.92), mild (aOR 0.65, 95% CI 0.53-0.81), and severe infections (aOR 0.27, 95% CI 0.17-0.42) compared to those who never smoked.

Conclusions
Current smoking was negatively associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection with a dose-dependent relationship. Ad hoc experimental studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this association.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04471701; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04471701
Pengaruh Irigasi Tetes dan Mulsa terhadap Pertumbuhan Tajuk Tanaman Tomat (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.) di Lahan Kering Gunungkidul
Authors: Kartika Melia Noor , Kurniasih Budiastuti 
Published: February 2021

Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.) merupakan tanaman yang sensitif terhadap cekaman kekeringan sehingga ketersediaan air merupakan faktor penting dalam budidaya tomat. Di lahan kering Gunungkidul, kekeringan merupakan salah satu masalah yang sering terjadi saat musim kemarau dan faktor pembatas pada pertumbuhan tomat. Penggunaan irigasi tetes dengan pemberian mulsa diharapkan mampu meminimalkan efek cekaman dan mendukung pertumbuhan tomat saat musim kemarau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan irigasi tetes dan jenis mulsa terhadap pertumbuhan tajuk tanaman tomat. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Dusun Karang, Girikarto, Panggang, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta dan Laboratorium Manajemen Produksi Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta pada bulan Agustus-Desember 2019. Rancangan yang digunakan yaitu split plot dengan jenis irigasi sebagai petak utama dan jenis mulsa sebagai anak petak yang terdiri dari tiga blok sebagai ulangan. Perlakuan irigasi terdiri dari irigasi tetes (500 ml/tanaman/hari) dan penyiraman manual (750 ml/tanaman/hari) serta perlakuan mulsa terdiri dari mulsa plastik hitam-perak, mulsa jerami, dan tanpa mulsa (control). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat interaksi antara irigasi tetes dengan mulsa jerami yang dapat mempercepat laju transpirasi dan meningkatkan sekapan cahaya sebesar 31,4% dibandingkan dengan perlakuan pengairan manual dan tanpa mulsa. Irigasi tetes dapat meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, indeks luas daun serta meningkatkan laju pertumbuhan nisbi tajuk sebesar 38,8%, sementara penggunaan mulsa dapat meningkatkan laju pertumbuhan nisbi tajuk sebesar 31,6%.
Risk Factors for Longitudinal Resting Heart Rate and Its Associations With Cardiovascular Outcomes in the DCCT/EDIC Study
Authors: Keshavarzi Sareh , Braffett Barbara H. , Pop-Busui Rodica , Orchard Trevor J. , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Lorenzi Gayle M. , Barnie Annette , Karger Amy B. , Gubitosi-Klug Rose A. , Dagogo-Jack Samuel , Paterson Andrew D. ,   the DCCT/EDIC Research Group
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVE
Individuals with diabetes have higher resting heart rate compared with those without, which may be predictive of long-term cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Using data from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) study, we evaluated whether the beneficial effect of intensive versus conventional diabetes therapy on heart rate persisted, the factors mediating the differences in heart rate between treatment groups, and the effects of heart rate on future CVD risk.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Longitudinal changes in heart rate, from annual electrocardiograms over 22 years of EDIC follow-up, were evaluated in 1,402 participants with type 1 diabetes. Linear mixed models were used to assess the effect of DCCT treatment group on mean heart rate over time, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the effect of heart rate on CVD risk during DCCT/EDIC.

RESULTS
At DCCT closeout, 52% of participants were male and mean ± SD age was 33 ± 7 years, diabetes duration 12 ± 5 years, and HbA1c 7.4 ± 1.2% (intensive) and 9.1 ± 1.6% (conventional). Through EDIC, participants in the intensive group had significantly lower heart rate in comparison with the conventional group. While significant group differences in heart rate were fully attenuated by DCCT/EDIC mean HbA1c, higher heart rate predicted CVD and major adverse cardiovascular events independent of other risk factors.

CONCLUSIONS
After 22 years of follow-up, former intensive versus conventional therapy remained significantly associated with lower heart rate, consistent with the long-term beneficial effects of intensive therapy on CVD. DCCT treatment group effects on heart rate were explained by differences in DCCT/EDIC mean HbA1c.
Inclusive Education from a Very Beginning: Yerevan School N20 Principal's Narrative
Authors: Khosrovyan Anahit 
Published: February 2021

There are more than one billion â€œdisabled personsâ€ worldwide, 10% of whom are children mostly living in developing countries. Within the United Nations (UN) the term â€œdisabilityâ€ is defined as â€œany restriction or lack (resulting from an impairment) of ability to perform an activity in the way or within the range considered normal for a human beingâ€ (Sharma, 2015).
The UN and the United Nations Childrenâ€™s Fund (UNICEF) endeavor for all children to have equitable access to education as a basic human right. Education is critical for children to develop their human capital and enhance their upcoming economic and social prospects (Sharma, 2015). The â€œSalamanca Statementâ€ adopted at the â€œWorld Conference on Special Educational Needs: Access and Qualityâ€ called upon all governments and urged them to: adopt as a matter of law or policy the principles of inclusive education, enrolling all children in regular schools, unless
there are compelling reasons for doing otherwise (UNESCO, 1994).
In developing countries understanding of inclusive education is closely related to the special education needs of students and their participation in regular school classes. From this perspective, this paper aims to tell a story of one school in Yerevan, the capital of Armenia from the very beginning till nowadays.
PENANGANAN TINDAK PIDANA PEMILIHAN UMUM KEPALA DAERAH BERKAITAN DENGAN PRINSIP NEGARA HUKUM DAN DEMOKRASI
Authors: Rahman Muhammad Ikhwan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLaw No.10 of 2016 concerning the Election of Governors, Regents and Mayors has included criminal provisions in Chapter XXIV, of course very much more complete when compared to the criminal provisions stipulated in the Criminal Code concerning crimes against carrying out obligations and rights which are classified certain acts, but the Criminal Code is deemed no longer relevant due to the increasingly complex problems in terms of the enforcement of criminal elections and post-conflict local elections. The essence of law enforcement itself can be interpreted as an act of implementing certain legal means to impose legal sanctions to ensure compliance with a rule. So that the mandate of Article 1 paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia states that "sovereignty is in the hands of the people and carried out according to the Constitution" reflecting democratically the regional head elections as expected.Keywords: Criminal Law Enforcement of Regional Head General Elections, State of Law and DemocracyAbstrakUndang-Undang No.10 Tahun 2016 tentang Pemilihan Gubernur, Bupati dan Walikota telah memasukkan ketentuan pidana dalam Bab XXIV, tentu saja sangat jauh lebih lengkap jika dibandingkan dengan ketentuan pidana yang diatur dalam KUHPidana tentang kejahatan terhadap melakukan kewajiban dan hak kenegaraan yang dimana memiliki klasifikasi perbuatan tertentu, namun KUHPidana dianggap tidak lagi relevan akibat semakin kompleksnya persoalan-persoalan dalam hal penegakan pidana pemilu dan pemilukada. Esensi dari penegakan hukum itu sendiri yang bisa dimaknai sebagai tindakan menerapkan perangkat sarana hukum tertentu untuk memaksakan sanksi hukum agar menjamin pentaatan terhadap suatu aturan. Sehingga amanat Pasal 1 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 menyatakan bahwa “kedaulatan berada di tangan rakyat dan dilaksanakan menurut Undang-Undang Dasar” yang refleksikan melalui pemilihan umum kepala daerah secara demokratis berjalan sesuai yang diharapkan.Kata Kunci: Penegakan Hukum Pidana Pemilukada, Negara Hukum dan Demokrasi
PERLINDUNGAN ANAK TERHADAP PENYALAHGUNAAN NARKOBA
Authors: Anis Muhammad 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHumans are created by Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala so noble that God places mankind as his most perfect creature. Humans have the right to live to grow and develop as other living creatures specifically to children as the successor of family, religion, nation and state must get guaranteed rights. the rise of drug trafficking in modern times as it is now makes children's rights threatened, both threatening the right to physical and mental health, security rights and the right to education. This discussion aims to explore the extent to which efforts to protect children from the influence and abuse of drugs in the city of Makassar, especially in the area of Tamparang Keke village. The author hopes that there will be support from all parties involved, whether the government, community leaders, religious leaders, youth organizations or communities work together to protect our generation so that we avoid drug abuse.Keywords: Protection, Children, Abuse, Drug.AbstrakManusia diciptakan oleh Allah subhanahu wa ta’ala dengan begitu mulianya sehingga tuhan menempatkan manusia sebagai mahluk ciptaannya yang paling sempurna. Manusia memiliki Hak untuk hidup tumbuh dan berkembang selayaknya mahluk mahluk hidup yang lainnya terkhusus kepada anak sebagai penerus keluarga, agama, bangsa dan negara harus mendapat jaminan hak. maraknya peredaran narkoba di zaman modern seperti sekarang ini membuat hak anak terancam, baik itu mengancam hak atas kesehatan fisik dan mental, hak keamanan serta hak pendidikan. Pembahasan ini bertujuan untuk menggali sejauh mana upaya perlindungan terhadap anak dari pengaruh dan penyalahgunaan narkoba di kota Makassar khususnya diwilayah kelurahan Tamparang Keke. Penulis mengaharapkan adanya dukungan dari semua pihak yang terkait, baik itu pemerintah, tokoh masyarakat, tokoh agama, organisasi pemuda, maupun masyarakat saling bersinergiKata Kunci : Perlindungan, Anak, Penyalahgunaan, Narkoba.
PELAKSANAAN HAJI MELALUI PENERAPAN FORMAL DALAM PERATURAN HAJI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Cahyani Andi Intan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHajj in the sense of making a pilgrimage to a place that has been determined with the intention and purpose of worship, known by all mankind through religious guidance or advice, especially in the eastern hemisphere. By carrying out this worship is expected to be able to lead people to get to know themselves, cleanse and purify their souls, All scholars agree with the way Ijma 'that the Hajj is mandatory for all Muslims, both men and women. Hajj is indeed an obligation for Muslims where the general requirements are Islam, peace, understanding and ability. In carrying out the pilgrimage there are pillars of pilgrimage that must be done namely ihram, wukuf, tawaf, sa'I, and tahallul. Special prohibitions for men are to wear clothing that is sewn deeply when performing Ihram, wear headgear while in Ihram, and wear shoes that cover the ankles during the Ihram process. Special prohibition for women is not allowed to cover the face and hands when doing Ihram. Keywords: Law, Hajj Implementation, Hajj Regulations. AbstrakHaji dalam artian berziarah ke suatu tempat yang telah ditentukan dengan niat dan tujuan untuk beribadah, dikenal oleh seluruh umat manusia melalui tuntunan atau anjuran agama, terkhusus pada belahan dunia bagian Timur. Dengan melaksanakan ibadah ini diharapkan mampu mengantar manusia untuk lebih mengenal jati diri, membersihkan dan mensucikan jiwa-jiwa mereka, Semua ulama sepakat dengan jalan Ijma’ bahwa hukum haji wajib bagi semua umat Islam, baik itu laki-laki maupun bagi perempuan. Haji memang suatu kewajiban bagi kaum muslim yang mana syarat-syarat umum yaitu islam, baligh, berakal, dan mampu. Dalam melaksanakan ibadah haji terdapat rukun-rukun haji yang wajib dilakukan yaitu ihram, wukuf, tawaf, sa’I, dan tahallul. Larangan khusus bagi kaum pria adalah memakai pakaian yang berjahit dalam pada saat melakukan ihram, memakai tutup kepala selama dalam ihram, dan memakai sepatu yang menutupi mata kaki selama proses ihram. Larangan khusus untuk kaum wanita adalah tidak diperbolehkan menutup muka dan tangan sewaktu melakukan ihram.Kata Kunci : Hukum, Pelaksanaan Haji, Peraturan Haji.
PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN KEUANGAN NEGARA PADA AKHIR DAN SETELAH TAHUN ANGGARAN BERJALAN
Authors: Raya Muhammad Yaasiin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAccountability for the current fiscal year is based on principles that are in line with the principles of good governance. These principles are set forth through the application of classical principles and new principles in the accountability of state finances. Accountability of state finances at the end of the fiscal year that carries out responsibility is the head of the office or agency to superiors and to higher officials. Accountability of the State finances after the end of the fiscal year that is accountability through the judicial institution, namely the existence of state financial losses that must be accounted for in the relevant court, namely the court of corruption in the general court handling cases of state losses.Keywords: Accountability, Budget, State Finance. AbstrakPertanggungjawaban keuangan negara tahun anggaran berjalan didasarkan atas prinsip-prinsip yang sejalan dengan prinsip-prinsip good governance. Prinsip-prinsip tersebut dituangkan melalui penerapan asas-asas klasik maupun asas-asas baru dalam pertanggungjawaban keuangan negara. Pertanggungjawaban keuangan negara pada akhir tahun anggaran itu yang melakukan pertanggungjawaban yaitu kepala kantor atau instansi kepada atasan dan kepada pejabat yang lebih tinggi. Pertanggungjawaban keuangan Negara setelah akhir tahun anggaran yaitu pertanggungjawaban dengan cara melalui lembaga peradilan, yaitu adanya kerugian keuangan Negara yang harus di pertanggungjawaban di pengadilan yang bersangkutan yaitu pengadilan tindak pidana korupsi pada pengadilan umum yang menangani kasus kerugian negara.Kata Kunci : Anggaran, Keuangan Negara, Pertanggungjawaban.
ITIKAD BAIK DALAM PERJANJIAN JUAL-BELI TANAH MENURUT KUH-PERDATA
Authors: Sinilele Ashar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractArticle 1338 paragraph 3 of the Civil Code, states that an agreement must be carried out in good faith. Good faith when making an agreement means honesty, then good faith in the implementation stage, namely, the agreement is appropriateness, namely an assessment of the behavior of a party in implementing what was agreed. In the sale and purchase agreement, especially the sale and purchase of land, it is hoped that a balance can be created between the two parties concerned, one of which is good faith between each other which is also expected to create a conducive atmosphere. According to article 1362 of the Civil Code and Article 1383 of the Civil Code, there is a difference between the presence or absence of good faith on the party receiving the payment. Article 1360 of the Civil Code, states that whoever, in good faith, has received something that does not have to be paid to him, is obliged to return it with interest and the proceeds, calculated from the payment and thus does not reduce the compensation for costs, losses and interest, if the price is already suffer a slump. If his goods have been destroyed, even though this happens beyond his fault, then he is obliged to pay the price accompanied by compensation for interest, loss and price, unless he can prove that the goods were also destroyed, if he is in the person to whom he should have been given. Keywords: Agreement, Good Faith, Land, Sale and Purchase. AbstrakPasal 1338 ayat 3 KUH Perdata, menyatakan bahwa suatu perjanjian harus dilaksanakan dengan itikad baik. Itikad baik pada waktu membuat suatu perjanjian berarti kejujuran, maka itikad baik dalam tahap pelaksanaan yaitu, perjanjian adalah kepatutan yaitu suatu penilaian terhadap tindak tanduk suatu pihak dalam hal melaksanakan apa yang diperjanjikan. Dalam perjanjian jual-beli terkhususnya jual-beli tanah sangatlah diharapakan dapat tercipta keseimbangan antar kedua belah pihak yang bersangkutan, salah satunya itikad baik antar sesama yang juga diharapkan dapat tercipta suasana yang kondusif. Menurut pasal 1362 KUH Perdata dan pasal 1383 KUH Perdata dibedakan antara ada atau tidaknya itikad baik dipihak yang menerima pembayaran. Pasal 1360 KUH Perdata, menyatakan bahwa siapa yang dengan itikad baik, telah menerima sesuatu yang tidak harus dibayarkan kepadanya, diwajibkan mengembalikan dengan bunga dan hasil-hasilnya, terhitung dari hasil pembayaran dan demikian itu tidak mengurangi penggantian biaya, rugi dan bunga, jika harganya telah menderita kemerosotan. Jika barangnya telah musnah, meskipun ini terjadi diluar salahnya, maka ia wajib membayar harganya dengan disertai penggantian bunga, rugi dan harga, terkecuali jika ia dapat membuktikan bahwa barang itu musnah juga, seandainya ia berada pada orang kepada siapa ia seharusnya diberikan.Kata Kunci : Itikad Baik, Jual Beli, Perjanjian, Tanah.