bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Limits to China's Peaceful Rise – Deep Integration and a New Cold War
Authors: Yue Jianyong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article challenges the dominant view that China has risen, and that its economic ascent has created a restless empire poised to overturn the liberal international order. This author argues that China's deep integration into the global economy from the early 1990s onward, as necessitated by both Chinese domestic politics and America's grand strategy of drawing China out, has eventually set the country on a path of dependent development and has made China not a solid superpower candidate, but rather a fragile great power. It is ironic that it is the empire‐sized country's entrapment in semi‐peripheral development, rather than its economic‐technological ‘rise’, that has inevitably led to the return of great power rivalry and the coming of the new Cold War.
Senescence‐induced changes in CD4 T cell differentiation can be alleviated by treatment with senolytics
Authors: Lorenzo Erica C. , Torrance Blake L. , Keilich Spencer R. , Al‐Naggar Iman , Harrison Andrew , Xu Ming , Bartley Jenna M. , Haynes Laura 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAging and senescence impact CD4 T helper cell (Th) subset differentiation during influenza infection. In the lungs of infected aged mice, there were significantly greater percentages of Th cells expressing the transcription factor FoxP3, indicative of regulatory CD4 T cells (Treg), when compared to young. TGF‐beta levels, which drive FoxP3 expression, were also higher in the bronchoalveolar lavage of aged mice and blocking TGF‐beta reduced the percentage of FoxP3+ Th in aged lungs during influenza infection. Since TGF‐beta can be the product of senescent cells, these were targeted by treatment with senolytic drugs. Treatment of aged mice with senolytics prior to influenza infection restored the differentiation of Th cells in those aged mice to a more youthful phenotype with fewer Th cells expressing FoxP3. In addition, treatment with senolytic drugs induced differentiation of aged Th toward a healing Type 2 phenotype, which promotes a return to homeostasis. These results suggest that senescent cells, via production of cytokines such as TGF‐beta, have a significant impact on Th differentiation.
Positively Pregnant: Development and piloting of a mobile app for social and emotional well‐being in pregnancy
Authors: Barber Carol Cornsweet , Masters‐Awatere Bridgette 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper describes development of a mobile e‐health application, Positively Pregnant, which provides tools to meet the psychological challenges of pregnancy and transition to parenthood. Positively Pregnant was developed with input from maternity carers and consumers, incorporating local cultures and contexts as well as international research on effective interventions for stress management and mental well‐being. The prototype app was piloted with 88 New Zealand women. Participants in the pilot used an average of 11.96 (SD = 7.44) components, and most were satisfied (45.1%) or neutral (40.3%) regarding the app. For 23 of the 26 interactive components, the majority of those who tried the component reported that they found it helpful. Participants reported a significant reduction in subjective stress (η2 = .088,p = .023). Feedback from pilot participants was incorporated in a version of the app that was publically launched as a free tool to support developing families. Mobile e‐health applications are a promising medium for providing preventative interventions and psychoeducation about the social and emotional challenges of pregnancy and early parenting; Positively Pregnant is an example of a tool, grounded in strength‐based, empirically supported strategies, to provide parents with support and information at this critical time.
Trajectories of adolescent stressful life events and young adults’ socioeconomic and relational outcomes: Weight and depressive symptoms as mediators
Authors: Wickrama K.A.S. , Klopack Eric T. , Sutton Tara E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLittle is known about how biological and psychological consequences of adolescent stressful life events (SLEs) are jointly associated with socioeconomic and relational outcomes in adulthood. To address this gap, the present study involved testing a model based on the life course perspective that posits adolescent SLE trajectories produce parallel trajectories of depressive symptoms and weight status, which are jointly associated with socioeconomic status and intimate relationship quality in adulthood. Prospective data over 13 years from a nationally representative sample of 11,677 US adolescents was utilized. The results demonstrated that trajectories of BMI and depressive symptoms, which showed contemporaneous and longitudinal comorbidities over the early life course, were influenced by adolescent SLEs. Both BMI and depressive symptoms trajectories are additively and jointly associated with socioeconomic status and intimate relationship quality in adulthood. Additionally, adolescent SLE trajectories are directly associated with these adult outcomes. These observed associations persisted even after controlling for early family socioeconomic adversity and race/ethnicity. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Prognostic significance of serum immunoglobulin paraprotein in mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma
Authors: Ren Yi‐Min , Shang Chun‐Yu , Liang Jin‐Hua , Yin Hua , Xia Yi , Wu Jia‐Zhu , Wang Li , Jian‐Yong Li , Li Yue , Xu Wei 
Published: December 2021

SummaryTo assess the prognostic significance of immunoglobulin (Ig) paraproteinaemia in mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, 218 patients diagnosed with MALT lymphoma were enrolled in this study. Serum Ig paraprotein was detected in 42 of 218 patients (19.3%), mostly IgM‐K (15, 35.7%), followed by IgM‐L and IgG‐L. Advanced age (p = 0.025), poor Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (p = 0.014), bone marrow involvement (p = 0.019), B symptoms (p = 0.039), advanced disease stage (III−IV) (p < 0.0001), elevated serum β2‐microglobulin level (p < 0.0001), multiple extranodal sites of involvement (p < 0.0001), nodal involvement (p < 0.0001), systemic therapy (p < 0.0001) and higher MALT‐lymphoma International Prognostic Index (MALT‐IPI) scores (p = 0.001) were significantly associated with the presence of serum Ig paraprotein. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that Ig paraproteinaemia was an independent prognostic predictor for inferior progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival. A new prognostic index based on MALT‐IPI and Ig paraproteinaemia, as assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves and the area under the curve statistics, showed better discriminative ability than MALT‐IPI in predicting PFS. In conclusion, Ig paraproteinaemia was a promising prognostic predictor for MALT lymphoma. Ig paraproteinaemia together with MALT‐IPI might contribute to optimising therapeutic management in clinical practice.
Eltrombopag in paediatric immune thrombocytopenia: Iron metabolism modulation in mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: Di Paola Alessandra , Palumbo Giuseppe , Tortora Chiara , Argenziano Maura , Catanoso Marialuigia , Di Leva Caterina , Ceglie Giulia , Perrotta Silverio , Locatelli Franco , Rossi Francesca 
Published: December 2021

SummaryImmune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease caused by platelet destruction mediated by auto‐antibody production. It is characterized by a compromised immune system and alteration of the inflammatory response. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) play an important role in modulating immune and inflammatory processes, exerting immune‐suppressing and anti‐inflammatory properties. In ITP‐MSCs the activity and survival are strongly impaired. Eltrombopag (ELT) is a thrombopoietin receptor agonist approved in chronic ITP for stimulating platelet production. It has immunomodulating properties by stimulating T and B regulatory cell activity and by promoting a macrophage switch from the pro‐inflammatory to the anti‐inflammatory phenotype. ELT also exhibits iron‐chelating properties. Iron is a crucial element involved in several physiologic processes, but its intracellular accumulation determines cell damages. Therefore, for the first time we analysed the effect of ELT on ITP‐MSCs demonstrating its ability to restore survival and activity of MSCs directly and to promote their survival and proliferation indirectly, by iron metabolism modulation.
The interactional production and breach of new norms in the time of COVID‐19: Achieving physical distancing in public spaces
Authors: Drury John , Stokoe Elizabeth 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA key requirement of COVID‐19 pandemic behavioural regulations in many countries was for people to ‘physically distance’ from one another, which meant departing radically from established norms of everyday human sociality. Previous research on new norms has been retrospective or prospective, focusing on reported levels of adherence to regulations or the intention to do so. In this paper, we take an observational approach to study the embodied and spoken interactional practices through which people produce or breach the new norm. The dataset comprises 20 ‘self‐ethnographic’ fieldnotes collected immediately following walks and runs in public spaces between March and September 2020, and these were analysed in the ethnomethodological tradition. We show that and how the new norm emerged through the mutual embodied and spoken conduct of strangers in public spaces. Orientations to the new norm were observed as people torqued their bodies away from each other in situations where there was insufficient space to create physical distance. We also describe how physical distance was produced unilaterally or was aggressively resisted by some people. Finally, we discuss the practical and policy implications of our observations both for deciding what counts as physical distancing and how to support the public to achieve it.
Identification of an IDO1‐based immune classifier for survival prediction of upper tract urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Zhong Wenlong , Yang Meng , Cheng Sida , Hou Weibin , Wang Bo , Chen Junyu , Yu Hao , Ouyang Yi , Wang Xiaofei , Ou Ziwei , Xu Peiqi , Li Xuesong , Zhou Liqun , Huang Jian , Wang Chunhui , Lin Tianxin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe limited response rate of immunotherapy in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) might be attributed to additional immunosuppressive mechanisms in vivo. As a promising immune checkpoint target, the expression and prognostic role of indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) in UTUC remains unknown. In this study, the expression and prognostic value of IDO1 was analyzed in 251 patients from 3 independent cohorts. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model was used to construct an IDO1‐based immune classifier and external validation was performed to further validate the classifier. RNA sequencing and immunofluorescence were used to explore the immune contexture of different risk groups stratified by classifier. We found that high IDO1 expression on tumor cells (TC) indicated a poorer overall survival and disease‐free survival in all cohorts. Patients with high expression of IDO1 TC possessed increased infiltration of CD4+, CD8+ and Foxp3+ T cells. An immune classifier based on intratumoral CD8+ lymphocytes, IDO1 TC, and stromal PD‐L1 expression status was developed, with its area under the curves (AUCs) values for overall survival at 5 y being 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65‐0.93) in the discovery cohort, 0.75 (95% CI 0.58‐0.92) and 0.78 (95% CI 0.65‐0.92) in the internal and external validation cohorts, respectively. The high‐risk group stratified by the immune classifier was associated with immunosuppressive contexture, accompanied by enhanced CD8+ T cells exhaustion patterns. Our IDO1‐based immune classifier can provide a superior accuracy for survival prediction and lead to individual stratification of UTUC immune subtypes.
Cat allergen exposure in a naturalistic exposure chamber: A prospective observational study in cat‐allergic subjects
Authors: Yang William H. , Kelly Suzanne , Haya Laura , Mehri Rym , Ramesh Divya , DeVeaux Michelle , Wang Claire Q. , Meier Pretty , Narula Sumit , Shawki Furat , Pennington Ryan , Perlee Lorah , O’Brien Meagan P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo determine the proportion and reproducibility of cat‐allergic mild asthmatics with early asthmatic response (EAR) during cat allergen exposure in a naturalistic exposure chamber (NEC).MethodsThis was a prospective, observational study in 30 cat‐allergic mild asthmatics who received two 180‐min cat‐allergen (Felis domesticus allergen 1 [Fel d 1]) challenges 27 days apart in an NEC.ResultsAn EAR (≥20% reduction from baseline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1]) was observed in 67% and 52% of subjects at first and second NEC exposure, respectively, with similar median time to EAR; 44% of subjects had an EAR on days 1 and 28. Late asthmatic response (≥15% reduction in FEV1 within 24 h of NEC exit) was observed in 33% of subjects following either exposure. Average FEV1 and total nasal symptom score during NEC exposure were highly correlated within subjects between NEC exposures (r = 0.91, p < 0.0001; r = 0.73, p < 0.001), but total ocular symptom score was not. Time to EAR, but not average FEV1, was significantly associated with NEC Fel d 1 concentration, which was variable. There were no serious adverse events; 12/30 subjects experienced 20 adverse events (including asthma, 10%; headache, 10%).ConclusionsThe NEC model demonstrates that average FEV1 change is highly reproducible and has a low correlation with cat allergen levels. However, time to EAR and incidence of EAR are less reproducible and are highly correlated with NEC allergen levels. Average FEV1, rather than incidence of EAR or time to EAR, could be considered as an endpoint for interventional trials testing cat‐specific anti‐allergy therapies using an NEC.
Heart valve surgery and the obesity paradox: A systematic review
Authors: EL‐Andari Ryaan , Bozso Sabin J. , Kang Jimmy J. H. , Bedard Alexandre M. A. , Adams Corey , Wang Wei , Nagendran Jeevan 
Published: December 2021

SummaryObesity has been associated with increased incidence of comorbidities and shorter life expectancy, and it has generally been assumed that patients with obesity should have inferior outcomes after surgery. Previous literature has often demonstrated equivalent or even improved rates of mortality after cardiac surgery when compared to their lower‐weight counterparts, coined the obesity paradox. Herein, we aim to review the literature investigating the impact of obesity on surgical valve interventions. PubMed and Embase were systematically searched for articles published from 1 January 2000 to 15 October 2021. A total of 1315 articles comparing differences in outcomes between patients of varying body mass index (BMI) undergoing valve interventions were reviewed and 25 were included in this study. Patients with higher BMI demonstrated equivalent or reduced rates of postoperative myocardial infarction, stroke, reoperation rates, acute kidney injury, dialysis and bleeding. Two studies identified increased rates of deep sternal wound infection in patients with higher BMI, although the majority of studies found no significant difference in deep sternal wound infection rates. The obesity paradox has described counterintuitive outcomes predominantly in coronary artery bypass grafting and transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Recent literature has identified similar trends in other heart valve interventions. While the obesity paradox has been well characterized, its causes are yet to be identified. Further study is essential in order to identify the causes of the obesity paradox so patients of all body sizes can receive optimal care.
Wilderness forms and their implications for global environmental policy and conservation
Authors: Pérez‐Hämmerle Katharina‐Victoria , Moon Katie , Venegas‐Li Rubén , Maxwell Sean , Simmonds Jeremy S. , Venter Oscar , Garnett Stephen T. , Possingham Hugh P. , Watson James E. M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWith the intention of securing industry‐free land and seascapes, protecting wilderness entered international policy as a formal target for the first time in the zero draft of the Post‐2020 Global Biodiversity Framework under the Convention on Biological Diversity. Given this increased prominence in international policy, it is timely to consider the extent to which the construct of wilderness supports global conservation objectives. We evaluated the construct by overlaying recently updated cumulative human pressure maps that offer a global‐scale delineation of industry‐free land as wilderness with maps of carbon stock, species richness, and ground travel time from urban centers. Wilderness areas took variable forms in relation to carbon stock, species richness, and proximity to urban centers, where 10% of wilderness areas represented high carbon and species richness, 20% low carbon and species richness, and 3% high levels of remoteness (>48 h), carbon, and species richness. Approximately 35% of all remaining wilderness in 2013 was accessible in <24 h of travel time from urban centers. Although the construct of wilderness can be used to secure benefits in specific contexts, its application in conservation must account for contextual and social implications. The diverse characterization of wilderness under a global environmental conservation lens shows that a nuanced framing and application of the construct is needed to improve understanding, communication, and retention of its variable forms as industry‐free places.
3D face expression recognition with ensemble deep learning exploring congruent features among expressions
Authors: Rajagopal Suganya Devi , Ramachandran Baskaran 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAutomatic and accurate 3D face expression categorization has been a challenging task in many computer vision applications. This article presents a novel approach named 3D face expression recognition with ensemble deep learning (3D‐FER‐EDL). The framework comprises three levels. Each of the first two levels gives preference to a subset of labels, considering the congruent features among expressions. Each 3D expressive face is represented as a CDS features vector, which combines corner, distance, and slope features. CDS feature vector is given as input to the first level learners. Expression probability vectors from the first level learners are jointly given as the input to the second level learners. The probability vectors from level one and two are given as the input to the third level, which is the meta classifier. The experiments are conducted on the Bosphorus database and the CASIA 3D face database to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
A global map of human pressures on tropical coral reefs
Authors: Andrello Marco , Darling Emily S. , Wenger Amelia , Suárez‐Castro Andrés F. , Gelfand Sharla , Ahmadia Gabby N. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs human activities on the world's oceans intensify, mapping human pressure is essential to develop appropriate conservation strategies and prioritize investments with limited resources. Here, we map six human (nonclimatic) pressures on coral reefs using the latest quantitative data on fishing, water pollution (nitrogen and sediments), coastal population, industrial development, and tourism. Using a percentile approach to rank different stressors, we identify the top‐ranked local pressure and estimate a cumulative pressure index for 54,596 global coral reef pixels at 0.05° (∼5 km) resolution. We find that coral reefs are exposed to multiple intense local pressures: fishing and water pollution (nutrients and sediments) are the most common top‐ranked pressures worldwide (in 30.8% and 32.3% of reef cells, respectively), although each pressure was ranked as a top pressure in some locations. We also find that local pressures are similar inside and outside a proposed global portfolio of coral reef climate refugia, suggesting that even potential climate refugia have high levels of local human pressure that require effective management. Our findings and datasets provide the best available information that can ensure local pressures are effectively managed across the world's coral reefs.
Cutaneous collagenous vasculopathy: A report of three cases
Authors: Grossman Marc E. , Cohen Marc , Ravits Margaret , Blume Ralph , Magro Cynthia M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCutaneous collagenous vasculopathy is a rare pauci‐inflammatory, superficial, cutaneous vasculopathy characterized by progressive fine‐branching telangiectasias clinically, while light microscopically one observes dilated venules and capillaries within the superficial dermis exhibiting excessive Type IV collagen within the vessel wall. We present three cases of collagenous vasculopathy. Two cases were associated with certain autoimmune stigmata, including a positive serologic anti‐endothelial cell antibody assay and positive lupus anticoagulant in one, while the third case had positive anti‐ribonucleoprotein (RNP) antibodies. The latter case was associated with chronic hydroxyurea therapy for an underlying myeloproliferative disorder. We explore the role of immune‐ and non‐immune‐based endothelial cell injury in the pathogenesis of collagenous vasculopathy.
Technical efficiency of financial inclusion and human development: Insights from the Indian states
Authors: Singh Bhanu Pratap , Yadava Anup Kumar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFinancial inclusion programs are used as a major economic development tool in emerging economies. Human development is the major determinant of financial inclusion, creating opportunities for people to better access financial services. The study's major aim is to examine the technical efficiency of financial inclusion of Indian states by Data Envelopment Analysis using human development as input. To achieve this objective, a 3‐dimensional Financial Inclusion Index (FII) is constructed for 28 major Indian states from 2010 to 2017. Empirical findings suggest most Indian states are under low and medium financial inclusion, and states with better human development have better FII status. Crucially, technical efficiency results reveal states with better human development perform better in terms of FII. The inconsistency in FII and human development ranks is majorly found in North‐eastern and high‐income Indian states. Therefore, policymakers in India should focus on promoting human development in low Human Development Index states.
First report of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum siamense on Hibiscus tiliaceus in Brazil
Authors: Rocha Virgínia A. L. , Barguil Beatriz Meireles , Rego Tamiris Joana Santos , Beserra José Evando Aguiar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPlants of the genus Hibiscus are commonly cultivated in Brazil as ornamentals. Symptoms of leaf spot in Hibiscus tiliaceus trees are frequently observed. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize the etiological agent of the H. tiliaceus leaf spot. Leaves with symptoms were collected in Teresina, state of Piauí, Brazil and a Colletotrichum species was consistently isolated from them. Morphological identification, phylogeny of ITS region, GAPDH and ACT genes, a pathogenicity test and re‐isolation of the fungus from symptomatic artificially inoculated plants confirmed Colletotrichum siamense as the causative agent of the disease. This is the first record of C. siamense causing anthracnose in H. tiliaceus in Brazil.