bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case report of stomach perforation during automatic mechanical chest compression following pulseless electrical activity due to cibenzoline intoxication
Authors: Itoh Tomonori , Mifune Toshihide , Kojika Masahiro , Fujino Yasuhisa , Nasu Kazuhiro , Naganuma Yujiro , Orii Makoto , Nakamura Motoyuki 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundThe current report describes a case of stomach perforation, a rare but serious complication, that occurred during cardiopulmonary resuscitation following severe cibenzoline intoxication.Case PresentationA woman aged in her 30s was brought into our hospital while receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation for pulseless electrical activity. After starting extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), her abdominal X‐ray examination revealed free air in her abdomen. She was diagnosed with internal gastric perforation. An emergency operation was carried out while the circulation was maintained using ECMO. As the patient’s blood cibenzoline concentration on admission was 3,868 ng/mL, she was diagnosed with cibenzoline intoxication caused by the self‐intake of twice the prescribed dose. She was successfully weaned off ECMO and discharged alive with full recovery.ConclusionWe successfully treated a case of gastric perforation after pulseless electrical activity requiring ECMO support due to cibenzoline intoxication. Abdominal surgery can be carried out even if ECMO support is needed.
Heritability Enrichment Implicates Microglia in Parkinson's Disease Pathogenesis
Authors: Andersen Maren Stolp , Bandres‐Ciga Sara , Reynolds Regina H. , Hardy John , Ryten Mina , Krohn Lynne , Gan‐Or Ziv , Holtman Inge R. , Pihlstrøm Lasse ,   the International Parkinson's Disease Genomics Consortium
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveUnderstanding how different parts of the immune system contribute to pathogenesis in Parkinson's disease is a burning challenge with important therapeutic implications. We studied enrichment of common variant heritability for Parkinson's disease stratified by immune and brain cell types.MethodsWe used summary statistics from the most recent meta‐analysis of genomewide association studies in Parkinson's disease and partitioned heritability using linkage disequilibrium score regression, stratified for specific cell types, as defined by open chromatin regions. We also validated enrichment results using a polygenic risk score approach and intersected disease‐associated variants with epigenetic data and expression quantitative loci to nominate and explore a putative microglial locus.ResultsWe found significant enrichment of Parkinson's disease risk heritability in open chromatin regions of microglia and monocytes. Genomic annotations overlapped substantially between these 2 cell types, and only the enrichment signal for microglia remained significant in a joint model. We present evidence suggesting P2RY12, a key microglial gene and target for the antithrombotic agent clopidogrel, as the likely driver of a significant Parkinson's disease association signal on chromosome 3.InterpretationOur results provide further support for the importance of immune mechanisms in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis, highlight microglial dysregulation as a contributing etiological factor, and nominate a targetable microglial gene candidate as a pathogenic player. Immune processes can be modulated by therapy, with potentially important clinical implications for future treatment in Parkinson's disease. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:942–951
Thermally and light‐triggered reconfigurable shape memory polydopamine/epoxy composite with self‐healing and recyclable ability
Authors: Lu Haohao , Wu Yanglong , Qi Xiaoming , Chi Zhangyi , Li Zhao , Xu Lu , Fu Yaqin , Dong Yubing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractShape memory epoxy with self‐healing ability has received much more academia and industry attention. In this work, 4‐aminophenyl disulfide containing disulfide bonds was used to replace the traditional epoxy resin‐curing agent, and the waterborne epoxy resin (sWEP) was composited with the polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles with photothermal conversion effect through the melt mixing and hot‐press molding. As revealed, the addition of 1 wt% PDA increases the tensile strength of sWEP from 36.1 to 50.3 MPa. Specifically, the shape memory properties of the PDA/sWEP composite as manifested by a ca. 97.4% shape memory fixing ratio and ca. 67.8% shape memory recovery ratio. Moreover, the PDA/sWEP composite had the temperature‐dependent thermosetting and thermoplastic conversion capabilities, which can be programmed to a new permanent shape via a photothermal‐induced plasticity process.
Stellar initial mass function over a range of redshifts
Authors: Riaz Rafeel , Schleicher Dominik R. G. , Vanaverbeke Siegfried , Klessen Ralf S. 
Published: January 2021

The stellar Initial Mass Function (IMF) seems to be close to universal in the local star‐forming regions. However, this quantity of a newborn stellar population responds differently at gas metallicities Z ∼ Z⊙ than Z = 0. A view on the cosmic star formation history suggests that the cooling agents in the gas vary both in their types and molecular abundances. For instance, in the primordial gas environment, the gas temperature can be higher by a factor of 30 as compared to the present day. Stellar radiation feedback and cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation may even contribute toward increasing the floor temperature of the star‐forming gas which subsequently can leave profound impacts on the IMF. We present the contribution of the radiation sources toward the thermodynamical evolution of the Jeans unstable gas cloud which experiences fragmentation and mass accretion. We find evidence which suggests that the latter becomes the dominant process for star formation efficiencies (SFE) above 5–7%, thus increasing the average mass of the stars. We focus on the isolated and binary stellar configurations emerging during the gas collapse. The binary fraction on average remains 0.476 and contributes significantly toward the total SFE of 15%.
Pouch‐Cell Architecture Downscaled to Coin Cells for Electrochemical Characterization of Bilateral Electrodes**
Authors: Schneier Dan , Harpak Nimrod , Patolsky Fernando , Golodnitsky Diana , Peled Emanuel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractResearch groups all over the world are testing new innovative electrodes for batteries aimed at being the next generation of energy‐storage devices. To date, the lab‐scale coin cells, which house two one‐sided electrodes, remain the most common tool to test new battery electrodes. However, many novel electrodes are bilateral by design. In addition, many new electrodes, such as silicon‐ and sulfur‐based, enable large areal capacities that might not be properly tested with any single counter electrode. Here, we suggest a technique to assemble coin cells that incorporate two unilateral electrodes with a bilateral electrode sandwiched between them. This method requires no unique equipment, and can help laboratories with limited resources to test their electrodes under realistic conditions that can better display the capabilities of their research products.
Protein detection based on rolling circle amplification sensors
Authors: Shi Haixia , Cui Jingjie , Sulemana Husseini , Wang Wunian , Gao Li 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRolling circle amplification (RCA) is an isothermal process under the action of DNA polymerases. Large‐scale DNA templates have been generated using RCA for target detection. Some signal amplification strategies including optical sensors and electrochemical sensors based on RCA have been applied to achieve sensitive detection. Sensors based on RCA have attracted increasing interest. Advances in RCA‐based sensors for protein detection are reviewed in this paper. The advantages and detection mechanisms of sensors based on RCA are revealed and discussed. Finally, possible challenges and future perspectives are also outlined.
Small nucleolar RNA of silkworm can translocate from the nucleolus to the cytoplasm under abiotic stress
Authors: Huo Chun‐Yue , Chang Mei‐Ling , Cheng Hao , Ma Tian‐Tian , Fu Yu , Wang Yi , Wang Yan‐Yan , Kan Yun‐Chao , Li Dan‐Dan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSmall nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are thought to be exclusively nuclear and guide nucleotide modifications of ribosomal RNAs. Recently, more and more evidence has suggested that the nucleolus is a stress sensor for changes in growth status and that snoRNAs may orchestrate the response to environmental stress through molecular interactions outside of the nucleus. We previously showed that a box C/D snoRNA Bm‐15 had both nuclear and cytoplasmic location in BmN4 cell line of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. To further study the functional roles of Bm‐15, changes in expression level and cellular location of Bm‐15 were examined in BmN4 cells subjected to serum starvation and ultraviolet (UV) ray radiation. Results indicated that total RNA level of Bm‐15 was unchanged after 24 h serum starvation, but exhibited 3‐fold increases in the cytoplasm, and the nuclear‐to‐cytosolic distribution ratio was reduced from 5:1 to 2:1. Moreover, UV radiation also causes rapid decline in nuclear Bm‐15 and progressive cytoplasmic accumulation with a percentage of 22% and 57% after 6 and 24 h UV radiation. UV treatment results in a dramatic decrease in Bm‐15 nuclear‐to‐cytosolic ratio from 7:1 to 2:1 and 2:1 to 1:20 after 6 and 24 h UV radiation, respectively. We show here for the first time that box C/D snoRNAs can translocate from the nucleus to the cytoplasm under the abiotic stress of nutritional deficiency and UV radiation. The rapid translocation of snoRNAs from nucleus to cytoplasm may slow down the maturation of rRNAs and synthesis of ribosomes to enhance the stress resistance of cells.
NOS1‐mediated macrophage and endothelial cell interaction in the progression of atherosclerosis
Authors: Roy Anjali , Saqib Uzma , Baig Mirza S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAtherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease arising due to an imbalance in lipid metabolism and maladaptive immune response driven by the accumulation of cholesterol‐laden macrophages in the artery wall. Interactions between monocytes/macrophages and endothelial cells play an essential role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In our current study, nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1)‐derived nitric oxide (NO) has been identified as a regulator of macrophage and endothelial cell interaction. Oxidized LDL (OxLDL) activates NOS1, which results in the expression of CD40 ligand in macrophages. OxLDL‐stimulated macrophages produce some soluble factors which increase the CD40 receptor expression in endothelial cells. This increases the interaction between the macrophages and endothelial cells, which leads to an increase in the inflammatory response. Inhibition of NOS1‐derived NO might serve as an effective strategy to reduce foam cell formation and limit the extent of atherosclerotic plaque expansion.
Differential impact of abluminal groove‐filled biodegradable‐polymer sirolimus‐eluting stent versus durable‐polymer everolimus‐eluting stent on and off dual antiplatelet therapy
Authors: Saito Yuichi , Wijns William , Baumbach Andreas , Xu Bo , Kelbæk Henning , Zheng Ming , Morel Marie‐angèle , Anderson Richard , Schächinger Volker , Lansky Alexandra ,   TARGET AC Investigators
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundCurrent guidelines recommend dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) following percutaneous coronary intervention for 6–12 months in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and 3–6 months in those with chronic coronary syndromes (CCS). Whether DAPT duration has a differential effect on outcomes following treatment of ischemic coronary disease with durable versus biodegradable drug‐eluting stent (DES) is poorly defined.MethodsThe TARGET All Comer study was a randomized trial of patients with ischemic coronary artery disease assigned to treatment with either a biodegradable polymer DES (Firehawk) or a durable polymer DES (XIENCE). This pre‐specified TARGET AC sub‐analysis sought to evaluate the 2‐year clinical outcomes before and after DAPT discontinuation. The primary endpoint was target lesion failure (TLF).ResultsA total of 1,296 (78.4%) of 1,653 randomized patients were included in this substudy, of which 1,210 (93.4%) remained on DAPT at 6 months, 863 (66.6%) at 12 months, and 409 (31.6%) at 2 years. There was no difference in TLF between patients treated with Firehawk and XIENCE stents from index procedure to DAPT discontinuation (8.0 and 7.7%, p > .99) or after DAPT discontinuation (2.9 vs. 3.8%, p = .16). After DAPT discontinuation, target vessel myocardial infarction (1.3 vs. 3.3%, p = .07), and ischemia‐driven target lesion revascularization (0.5 vs. 1.9%, p = .06) favored treatment with Firehawk.ConclusionsAlthough TLF was comparable for both Firehawk and XIENCE stent groups before and after DAPT discontinuation, after DAPT discontinuation, there was a trend for less target vessel myocardial infarction and ischemia‐driven revascularization with the biodegradable polymer DES.
Thyroid hemiagenesis with primary hyperparathyroidism or papillary thyroid carcinoma: A report of two cases and literature review
Authors: Alqahtani Saad M. , Alanesi Sultan , Alalawi Yousef 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe combination of TH and PHPT or PTC is extremely rare. A better comprehension of the normal anatomy of the thyroid gland and its variations, congenital anomalies, and related pathologies is essential for safe surgical intervention.
Boosting NiO Catalytic Activity by x wt % F‐ions and K2O for the Production of Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK) via Catalytic Dehydrogenation of 2‐Butanol
Authors: Halawy Samih A. , Osman Ahmed I. , Abdelkader Adel , Yang Haiping 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHerein, the synthesis of pure and modified mesoporous nanocrystalline NiO is reported. The catalyst was modified with different wt % F‐ions or K2O and used to produce Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) as a potential fuel/solvent. XRD analysis of the promoted catalysts confirmed the formation of Ni‐metal covered by the host oxide, compared with pure NiO, especially for the promoted catalysts with x wt % F‐ions. CO2‐TPD results demonstrated the existence of different basic sites over these catalysts with varying strength. The catalytic conversion of sec‐butanol (SB) into MEK over the parent NiO catalyst showed 52 % and 76.8 % conversion of SB at 250 and 275 °C, respectively, with higher selectivity to MEK >96 %. Among the promoted catalysts, NiO‐10 wt % F− and NiO‐1 wt % K2O catalysts showed 99 and 95 % conversion, respectively, with retaining the MEK selectivity of ≥96 %. The catalytic activity, of the most active catalysts, was correlated with the presence of Ni/NiO interfaces, different types of basic sites, especially strong basic sites, and the surface area and porosity measurements.
Color appearance model incorporating contrast adaptation—Implications for individual differences in color vision
Authors: Smet Kevin A. G. , Webster Michael A. , Whitehead Lorne A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractColor appearance models are usually based on equations with fixed numerical coefficients that were predetermined to yield optimal agreement for a selected standard observer. Here we address the well‐known fact that, among color‐normal observers, there are significant differences of cone fundamentals, which often cause observer metamerism. This is not fully addressed by many appearance models. It might seem that observer metamerism could be accurately predicted by substituting an individual's color matching functions into an otherwise‐unchanged color appearance model, but this is not assured because the model's coefficients were not designed for the new observer. Here we explore a solution related to how the visual system tends to compensate for changes in color information arising from variations cone fundamentals. For this purpose, we developed a simple color appearance model that uses only a few numerical coefficients, yet accurately predicts the perceptual attributes of Munsell samples under a selected standard lighting condition. We then added a feedback loop to adjust the model coefficients automatically, in response to switching between the cone fundamentals for different observers. This feature is intended to model long term contrast adaptation in the vision system by maintaining the average long‐term levels of color contrast. Incorporating this adaptation principle into color appearance models could allow better assessments of displays and illumination systems, to help improve color appearances for most observers.
A new analytical method for the evaluation of cosmetic pigments
Authors: Egurrola Greciel , Segura Juliette , García Johnbrynner 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA new methodology is proposed for the instrumental evaluation of cosmetic pigments independent of their nature organic or inorganic, focusing on the assessment of its repeatability, reproducibility, and performance. This method involves the use of a silicone‐based dispersion medium that gives an optically clear film (YI = 0.90) and a dispersion procedure using a dual asymmetric centrifugal mixer aided with zirconium beads. Finally, a handheld spectrophotometer in a sphere d/8 spin configuration for the evaluation of the Spectral Reflectance Factor, L*a*b*C*h° coordinates, tinting strength, and ΔECMC colorimetric differences. Methodology shows a satisfactory repeatability, reproducibility, and an adequate correlation with the visual test, making this method a proper fit for quality control and meeting consumer color needs in the cosmetic industry.
Characterization of the Abuse Potential in Adult Smokers of a Novel Oral Tobacco Product Relative to Combustible Cigarettes and Nicotine Polacrilex Gum
Authors: Liu Jianmin , Wang Jingzhu , Vansickel Andrea , Edmiston Jeffery , Graff Donald , Sarkar Mohamadi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNovel noncombustible tobacco products offer adult smokers (ASs) alternatives to combustible cigarettes lower on the continuum of risk; however, the abuse potential of such products has not been well studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the abuse potential of 2 chewable tobacco‐derived nicotine containing products, VERVE Chews Blue Mint (test 1) and Green Mint (test 2), in ASs compared with own‐brand cigarettes (CIGS) and nicotine polacrilex gum (GUM) using subjective measures and nicotine pharmacokinetics. ASs used the test products during a 5‐day at‐home trial prior to completing an in‐clinic 4‐period randomized crossover study. During the study ASs used test products, CIGS, and GUM once on separate days. Responses to Tobacco/Nicotine Withdrawal and Direct Effects of Product questionnaires were documented, and blood samples were collected to assess nicotine pharmacokinetics during each product use. Nicotine pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax and AUC) were statistically significantly lower with use of test products compared with CIGS and statistically significantly higher compared with GUM. No appreciable differences were noted between the 2 flavors for any of the end points measured. Reductions in maximum urge to smoke and maximum responses to the question “Is the Product ‘Pleasant’ Right Now?” for the test products were statistically significantly lower than CIGS but comparable to GUM. Similar results were observed for responses to other items in the 2 questionnaires. The test products, under the conditions of this study, carry lower abuse potential than own‐brand cigarettes and similar to nicotine polacrilex gum.
Video smoke removal based on low‐rank tensor completion via spatial‐temporal continuity constraint
Authors: Zhu Hu , Xu Guoxia , Liu Lu , Deng Lizhen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSmoke has a very bad effect on the outdoor vision system. Not only are the videos with poor visual effects obtained, but also the quality and structure of the videos are reduced. In this paper, we propose a video smoke removal method based on low‐rank tensor completion via spatial‐temporal continuity constraint. The proposed method is based on the smoke mixing model and consider the sparseness of smoke and the global and local consistency of clean video. Then, the optimal solution of the smoke removal algorithm model is quickly realized by the Alternating Direction Method of Multiplier. Finally, we evaluate the experiment results of real‐world data and simulated data from the visual effects and objective indicators. And the experiment results show that our proposed algorithm can achieve better smoke removal results.
Backyard evolutionary biology: Investigating local flowers brings learning to life
Authors: Ahuja Abha 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInquiry‐based learning allows students to actively engage in and appreciate the process of science. As college courses transition to online instruction in response to COVID‐19, incorporating inquiry‐based learning is all the more essential for student engagement. However, with the cancelation of in‐person laboratory courses, implementing inquiry can prove challenging for instructors. Here, I describe a case that exemplifies a strategy for inquiry‐based learning and can be adapted for use in various course modalities, from traditional face‐to‐face laboratory courses to asynchronous and synchronous online courses. I detail an assignment where students explore the developmental basis of morphological evolution. Flowers offer an excellent example to address this concept and are easy for students to access and describe. Students research local flowering plants, collect and dissect flower specimens to determine their whorl patterns, and generate hypotheses to explain the developmental genetic basis of the patterns identified. This task allows students to apply their scientific thinking skills, conduct guided exploration in nature, and connect their understanding of the developmental basis of evolutionary change to everyday life. Incorporating inquiry using readily available, tangible, tractable real‐world examples represents a pragmatic and effective model that can be applied in a variety of disciplines during and beyond COVID‐19.
Synthesis of Isatin‐Hydrazones from 3‐Diazo Oxindoles and Sulfoxonium Ylides under Catalyst‐ and Additive‐Free Conditions
Authors: Tian Yu , Zhang Zunting , Wang Tao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA facile synthesis of isatin‐hydrazones from 3‐diazo oxindoles and sulfoxonium ylides under catalyst‐ and additive‐free conditions is described. A plausible reaction pathway is proposed for the transformation, in which diazo compounds play as electrophiles to react with nucleophilic sulfoxonium ylides. The reaction mechanism is supported by the experimental evidence.
Investigation of isomerization of dexibuprofen in a ball mill using chiral capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Urlaub Jonas , Kaiser Reinhard P. , Scherf‐Clavel Oliver , Bolm Carsten , Holzgrabe Ulrike 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBesides the racemate, the S‐enantiomer of ibuprofen (Ibu) is used for the treatment of inflammation and pain. Since the configurational stability of S‐Ibu in solid state is of interest, it was studied by means of ball milling experiments. For the evaluation of the enantiomeric composition, a chiral CE method was developed and validated according to the ICH guideline Q2(R1). The addition of Mg2+, Ca2+, or Zn2+ ions to the background electrolyte (BGE) was found to improve Ibu enantioresolution. Chiral separation of Ibu enantiomers was achieved on a 60.2 cm (50.0 cm effective length) x 75 μm fused‐silica capillary using a background electrolyte (BGE) composed of 50 mM sodium acetate, 10 mM magnesium acetate tetrahydrate, and 35 mM heptakis‐(2,3,6‐tri‐O‐methyl)‐β‐cyclodextrin (TM‐β‐CD) as chiral selector. The quantification of R‐Ibu in the mixture was performed using the normalization procedure. Linearity was evaluated in the range of 0.68–5.49% R‐Ibu (R2 = 0.999), recovery was found to range between 97 and 103%, the RSD of intra‐ and interday precision below 2.5%, and the limit of quantification for R‐ in S‐Ibu was calculated to be 0.21% (extrapolated) and 0.15% (dilution of racemic ibuprofen), respectively. Isomerization of S‐Ibu was observed under basic conditions by applying long milling times and high milling frequencies.