bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Proposed Multi‐Objective, Multi‐Stage Stochastic Programming With Recourse Model for Reservoir Management and Operation
Authors: Li Jinshu , Zhang Wei , Yeh William W.‐G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe present a multi‐objective, multi‐stage stochastic programming with recourse model for reservoir management and operation, where we use utility theory to select the best compromise solution from the Pareto front. A multi‐stage streamflow scenario tree is generated first by the neural gas method. Then the Pareto front at each stage is produced by a modified constrained NSGA‐II. A single best compromise solution on the Pareto front must be selected for the immediate stage and the model moves forward one stage and is re‐optimized over a moving planning horizon of fixed duration. A key contribution of this study is the selection of the best compromise solution, which is achieved by a proposed linear spline utility function allied with regression. Our proposed utility function has the following advantages: (a) It satisfies the law of diminishing marginal rate of substitution, (b) it does not rely on the pre‐specified weight or goal, and (c) it selects the best compromise solution that is likely to fall in the “knee regions” of the Pareto front. We apply the proposed optimization model to the Three Gorges Reservoir in China. The two conflicting objectives are (a) maximizing the total expected energy output in the planning horizon, and (b) maximizing the average expected ecological benefits in the planning horizon. The results show that the proposed model produces the optimal water release policy successfully under different hydrological scenarios, considering both the inflow uncertainty and the tradeoff between the two conflicting objectives.
InterComparison and Evaluation of MultiSource Soil Moisture Products in China
Authors: Li Huiqing , Ye Aizhong , Zhang Yuhang , Zhao Wenwu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLong‐term, accurate soil moisture (SM) estimates are crucial for climate, hydrology, and agriculture. Multisource SM products are available at high spatiotemporal coverage, but their uncertainties have yet to be fully evaluated in China. Ten SM products (i.e., reanalysis, assimilation, and satellite) were intercompared and evaluated over 18 hydroclimatic regions of China during 2000–2018 at different scales. The results show that all SM products share similar spatial patterns but exhibit significant differences in regions and products. The interannual fluctuations and differences between these products are relatively small, except for the anomalies of ESA CCI ACTIVE and PASSIVE in southern China. At a seasonal scale, the estimates of NCEP R2, ACTIVE, and PASSIVE for specific regions are significantly different from other products. Moreover, all SM products correlate well with precipitation in summer and have their own dominant areas. Among them, ERA5 shows a comprehensive potential for application in China. The temporal correlation coefficient (R), root mean square difference (RMSD), and standard deviation (σ) demonstrate that ERA5 performs better in southern China, while CLSM performs better in the northeast and throughout China, with R exceeding 0.7 for both products. For the Equitable Threat Score (ETS), ERA5 has a better overall performance with scores greater than 0.03 distributed in more regions of China, followed by ACTIVE and CFSR/CFSV2. This study not only provides a reasonable reference for the targeted selection of SM products in different hydroclimatic regions of China but also establishes a preliminary data basis for the integration of multiple products.
Vegetation Greening Offsets Urbanization‐Induced Fast Warming in Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao Region (GHMR)
Authors: Chao Liya , Li Qingxiang , Dong Wenjie , Yang Yuanjian , Guo Ziyou , Huang Boyin , Zhou Liming , Jiang Zhihong , Zhai Panmao , Jones Phil 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrevious studies show that the environment in the Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao region is under the double stress of global warming and urbanization. Here, we show that due to the increase of regional greenness, the effect of urbanization warming on surface air temperature (SAT) decreased with time and became statistically insignificant from 2004 to 2018, compared to 1979 onward; while the urbanization itself has significantly warmed land surface temperature (LST), with a warming rate of 0.14°C ± 0.04°C/10a at daytime and 0.02°C ± 0.02°C/10a at nighttime during 2004–2018, respectively. The anthropogenic heat was found to have a limited influence on SAT, but more significant and tangible effects on LST. It is essential to improve the control of additional warming effects caused by urbanization.
Saturn's Inner Magnetospheric Convection in the View of Zebra Stripe Patterns in Energetic Electron Spectra
Authors: Sun Y. X. , Roussos E. , Hao Y. X. , Zong Q.‐G. , Liu Y. , Lejosne S. , Pan D. X. , Zhou X.‐Z. , Yue C. , Krupp N. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBanded structures observed in energetic particle spectrograms in the Earth's inner radiation belt and slot region, that is, “zebra stripes,” have been resolved in the Saturnian magnetosphere with Cassini. This study implements a large‐scale statistical analysis of Saturnian zebra stripe properties in association with the noon‐to‐midnight electric field of the inner magnetosphere to which the stripes' origin was recently established. Cassini has detected zebra stripes extending between L‐shells (L) of 5–9 for more than half of the orbits that crossed inward of L = 9. The amplitude of the stripes is on average above the background differential energy flux, and their age is estimated to be 20–60 hr. The regular observation of zebra stripes suggests that their regeneration and the corresponding electric field enhancements develop over timescales comparable to their estimated lifetime (days), revealing that internal processes contribute to the electric field dynamics, in addition to a solar wind‐induced variability indicated by previous investigations. The flux‐enhanced stripes are traced back to the dayside, preferentially from postnoon, indicating an electric field orientation from postnoon to postmidnight. Our results further suggest that the electric field's offset from the noon‐midnight line is subject to both L‐shell and temporal dependencies, confirming the previous inferred variability.
Porphyromonas gingivalis exacerbates ulcerative colitis via Porphyromonas gingivalis peptidylarginine deiminase
Authors: Zhao Xida , Liu Jingbo , Zhang Chong , Yu Ning , Lu Ze , Zhang Shuwei , Li Yuchao , Li Qian , Liu Junchao , Liu Dongjuan , Pan Yaping 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUlcerative Colitis (UC) has been reported to be related to Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). Porphyromonas gingivalis peptidylarginine deiminase (PPAD), a virulence factor released by P. gingivalis, is known to induce inflammatory responses. To explore the pathological relationships between PPAD and UC, we used homologous recombination technology to construct a P. gingivalis strain in which the PPAD gene was deleted (Δppad) and a Δppad strain in which the PPAD gene was restored (comΔppad). C57BL/6 mice were orally gavaged with saline, P. gingivalis, Δppad, or comΔppad twice a week for the entire 40 days (days 0−40), and then, UC was induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) solution for 10 days (days 31−40). P. gingivalis and comΔppad exacerbated DDS-induced colitis, which was determined by assessing the parameters of colon length, disease activity index, and histological activity index, but Δppad failed to exacerbate DDS-induced colitis. Flow cytometry and ELISA revealed that compared with Δppad, P. gingivalis, and comΔppad increased T helper 17 (Th17) cell numbers and interleukin (IL)-17 production but decreased regulatory T cells (Tregs) numbers and IL-10 production in the spleens of mice with UC. We also cocultured P. gingivalis, Δppad, or comΔppad with T lymphocytes in vitro and found that P. gingivalis and comΔppad significantly increased Th17 cell numbers and decreased Treg cell numbers. Immunofluorescence staining of colon tissue paraffin sections also confirmed these results. The results suggested that P. gingivalis exacerbated the severity of UC in part via PPAD.
A nanounit strategy reverses immune suppression of exosomal PD-L1 and is associated with enhanced ferroptosis
Authors: Wang Guohao , Xie Lisi , Li Bei , Sang Wei , Yan Jie , Li Jie , Tian Hao , Li Wenxi , Zhang Zhan , Tian Ye , Dai Yunlu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn addition to increasing the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), tumor cells can also secrete exosomal PD-L1 to suppress T cell activity. Emerging evidence has revealed that exosomal PD-L1 resists immune checkpoint blockade, and may contribute to resistance to therapy. In this scenario, suppressing the secretion of tumor-derived exosomes may aid therapy. Here, we develop an assembly of exosome inhibitor (GW4869) and ferroptosis inducer (Fe3+) via amphiphilic hyaluronic acid. Cooperation between the two active components in the constructed nanounit induces an anti-tumor immunoresponse to B16F10 melanoma cells and stimulates cytotoxic T lymphocytes and immunological memory. The nanounit enhances the response to PD-L1 checkpoint blockade and may represent a therapeutic strategy for enhancing the response to this therapy.
Thermal transport and phase transitions of zirconia by on-the-fly machine-learned interatomic potentials
Authors: Verdi Carla , Karsai Ferenc , Liu Peitao , Jinnouchi Ryosuke , Kresse Georg 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMachine-learned interatomic potentials enable realistic finite temperature calculations of complex materials properties with first-principles accuracy. It is not yet clear, however, how accurately they describe anharmonic properties, which are crucial for predicting the lattice thermal conductivity and phase transitions in solids and, thus, shape their technological applications. Here we employ a recently developed on-the-fly learning technique based on molecular dynamics and Bayesian inference in order to generate an interatomic potential capable to describe the thermodynamic properties of zirconia, an important transition metal oxide. This machine-learned potential accurately captures the temperature-induced phase transitions below the melting point. We further showcase the predictive power of the potential by calculating the heat transport on the basis of Green–Kubo theory, which allows to account for anharmonic effects to all orders. This study indicates that machine-learned potentials trained on the fly offer a routine solution for accurate and efficient simulations of the thermodynamic properties of a vast class of anharmonic materials.
Temporal analog of Fabry-Pérot resonator via coherent population trapping
Authors: Fang Ruihuan , Han Chengyin , Jiang Xunda , Qiu Yuxiang , Guo Yuanyuan , Zhao Minhua , Huang Jiahao , Lu Bo , Lee Chaohong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRamsey spectroscopy via coherent population trapping (CPT) is essential in precision measurements. The conventional CPT-Ramsey fringes contain numbers of almost identical oscillations and so that it is difficult to identify the central fringe. Here we experimentally demonstrate a temporal analog of Fabry–Pérot resonator via double-Λ CPT of laser-cooled 87Rb atoms. By inserting a periodic CPT pulse train between the two CPT-Ramsey pulses, due to the constructive interference of spin coherence, the transmission spectrum appears as a comb of equidistant peaks in frequency domain and thus the central Ramsey fringe can be easily identified. From the five-level Bloch equations for our double-Λ system, we find that the multi-pulse CPT interference can be regarded as a temporal analog of Fabry–Pérot resonator. Because of the small amplitude difference between the two Landé g factors, each peak splits into two when the external magnetic field is not too weak. This splitting is exactly linear with the magnetic field strength and thus can be used for measuring a magnetic field without involving magneto-sensitive transitions.
Optical breast atlas as a testbed for image reconstruction in optical mammography
Authors: Xing Yidan , Duan Yubo , P. Indurkar Padmeya , Qiu Anqi , Chen Nanguang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe present two optical breast atlases for optical mammography, aiming to advance the image reconstruction research by providing a common platform to test advanced image reconstruction algorithms. Each atlas consists of five individual breast models. The first atlas provides breast vasculature surface models, which are derived from human breast dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) data using image segmentation. A finite element-based method is used to deform the breast vasculature models from their natural shapes to generate the second atlas, compressed breast models. Breast compression is typically done in X-ray mammography but also necessary for some optical mammography systems. Technical validation is presented to demonstrate how the atlases can be used to study the image reconstruction algorithms. Optical measurements are generated numerically with compressed breast models and a predefined configuration of light sources and photodetectors. The simulated data is fed into three standard image reconstruction algorithms to reconstruct optical images of the vasculature, which can then be compared with the ground truth to evaluate their performance.
Profiling extra cellular matrix associated proteome of human fetal nucleus pulposus in search for regenerative targets
Authors: Rajasekaran Shanmuganathan , Thangavel Chitra , Djuric Niek , Raveendran Muthurajan , Soundararajan Dilip Chand Raja , Nayagam Sharon Miracle , Matchado Monica Steffi , Sri Vijay Anand K. S. , Venkateshwaran Krishna 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDegeneration of the intervertebral disc is associated with a decrease in extra-cellular matrix (ECM) content due to an imbalance in anabolic and catabolic signaling. Our previous study profiled the core matrisome of fetal NP’s and identified various proteins with anabolic potential for regenerative therapies. This study aims to complement those results by exploring ECM regulators, associated proteins and secreted factors of the fetal nucleus pulposus (NP). Proteomic data of 9 fetal, 7 healthy adults (age 22–79), and 11 degenerated NP’s was analyzed. Based on the selection criteria, a total of 45 proteins were identified, of which 14 were uniquely expressed or upregulated in fetus compared to adult NP’s. Pathway analysis with these proteins revealed a significant upregulation of one pathway and two biological processes, in which 12 proteins were involved. Prolyl 4 hydroxylase (P4HA) 1 and 2, Procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase (PLOD) 1, and Heat shock protein 47 (SERPINH1) were involved in ‘collagen biosynthesis’ pathway. In addition, PLOD 1, SERPINH1, Annexin A1 and A4, CD109 and Galectin 3 (LGALS3) were all involved in biological process of ‘tissue development’. Furthermore Annexin A1, A4 and A5, LGALS-3 and SERPINF1 were featured in ‘negative regulation of cell death’. In conclusion, additionally to core ECM proteome, this study reveals ECM regulators and ECM affiliated proteins of interest to study for regenerative therapies, and their potential should be validated in future mechanistic experiments.
RapidEELS: machine learning for denoising and classification in rapid acquisition electron energy loss spectroscopy
Authors: Pate Cassandra M. , Hart James L. , Taheri Mitra L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRecent advances in detectors for imaging and spectroscopy have afforded in situ, rapid acquisition of hyperspectral data. While electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) data acquisition speeds with electron counting are regularly reaching 400 frames per second with near-zero read noise, signal to noise ratio (SNR) remains a challenge owing to fundamental counting statistics. In order to advance understanding of transient materials phenomena during rapid acquisition EELS, trustworthy analysis of noisy spectra must be demonstrated. In this study, we applied machine learning techniques to denoise high frame rate spectra, benchmarking with slower frame rate “ground truths”. The results provide a foundation for reliable use of low SNR data acquired in rapid, in-situ spectroscopy experiments. Such a tool-set is a first step toward both automation in microscopy as well as use of these methods to interrogate otherwise poorly understood transformations.
Multi-product biorefinery from Arthrospira platensis biomass as feedstock for bioethanol and lactic acid production
Authors: Esquivel-Hernández Diego A. , Pennacchio Anna , Torres-Acosta Mario A. , Parra-Saldívar Roberto , de Souza Vandenberghe Luciana Porto , Faraco Vincenza 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWith the aim to reach the maximum recovery of bulk and specialty bioproducts while minimizing waste generation, a multi-product biorefinery for ethanol and lactic acid production from the biomass of cyanobacteriumArthrospira platensiswas investigated. Therefore, the residual biomass resulting from different pretreatments consisting of supercritical fluid extraction (SF) and microwave assisted extraction with non-polar (MN) and polar solvents (MP), previously applied onA. platensisto extract bioactive metabolites, was further valorized. In particular, it was used as a substrate for fermentation withSaccharomyces cerevisiaeLPB-287 andLactobacillus acidophilusATCC 43121 to produce bioethanol (BE) and lactic acid (LA), respectively. The maximum concentrations achieved were 3.02 ± 0.07 g/L of BE by the MN process at 120 rpm 30 °C, and 9.67 ± 0.05 g/L of LA by the SF process at 120 rpm 37 °C. An economic analysis of BE and LA production was carried out to elucidate the impact of fermentation scale, fermenter costs, production titer, fermentation time and cyanobacterial biomass production cost. The results indicated that the critical variables are fermenter scale, equipment cost, and product titer; time process was analyzed but was not critical. As scale increased, costs tended to stabilize, but also more product was generated, which causes production costs per unit of product to sharply decrease. The median value of production cost was US$ 1.27 and US$ 0.39, for BE and LA, respectively, supporting the concept of cyanobacterium biomass being used for fermentation and subsequent extraction to obtain ethanol and lactic acid as end products fromA. platensis.
Neuronally-derived tau is increased in experienced breachers and is associated with neurobehavioral symptoms
Authors: Edwards Katie A. , Greer Kisha , Leete Jacqueline , Lai Chen , Devoto Christina , Qu Bao-Xi , Yarnell Angela M. , Polejaeva Elena , Dell Kristine C. , LoPresti Matthew L. , Walker Peter , Wassermann Eric M. , Carr Walter , Stone James R. , Ahlers Stephen T. , Vorn Rany , Martin Carina , Gill Jessica M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMilitary and law enforcement breachers are exposed to many low-level blasts during their training and occupational experiences in which they detonate explosives to force entry into secured structures. There is a concern that exposure to these repetitive blast events in career breachers could result in cumulative neurological effects. This study aimed to determine concentrations of neurofilament light (NF-L), tau, and amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ42) in serum and in neuronal-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in an experienced breacher population, and to examine biomarker associations with neurobehavioral symptoms. Thirty-four participants enrolled in the study: 20 experienced breachers and 14 matched military or civilian law enforcement controls. EV tau concentrations were significantly elevated in experienced breachers (0.3301 ± 0.5225) compared to controls (−0.4279 ± 0.7557; F = 10.43, p = 0.003). No statistically significant changes were observed in EV levels of NF-L or Aβ42 or in serum levels of NF-L, tau, or Aβ42 (p’s > 0.05). Elevated EV tau concentrations correlated with increased Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) score in experienced breachers (r = 0.596, p = 0.015) and predicted higher NSI score (F(1,14) = 7.702, p = 0.015, R2 = 0.355). These findings show that neuronal-derived EV concentrations of tau are significantly elevated and associated with neurobehavioral symptoms in this sample of experienced breachers who have a history of many low-level blast exposures.
Spatial distribution and regional difference of carbon emissions efficiency of industrial energy in China
Authors: Liu Fang , Tang Lu , Liao Kaicheng , Ruan Lijuan , Liu Pingsheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe three-stage super-efficiency slack-based measure and data envelopment analysis (SBM-DEA) model with undesirable outputs is used to calculate carbon emissions efficiency of industrial energy (CEEIE) of 30 provinces in China from 2000 to 2017. Then ArcGIS software is used to illustrate the spatial distribution of CEEIE, and Dagum Gini ratio is calculated to decompose the regional difference. The results show that the spatial distribution of CEEIE changes from disorder to order and provinces characterized with high or low CEEIE cluster in space over time. The total Dagum Gini coefficient indicates that the interprovincial difference in CEEIE across China is gradually expanding, which is mainly induced by the difference between regions. Our findings attach more importance to interregional integration policies for carbon emissions reduction in China.
Cerebral blood flow and cognitive outcome after pediatric stroke in the middle cerebral artery
Authors: Steiner Leonie , Federspiel Andrea , Jaros Jasmine , Slavova Nedelina , Wiest Roland , Steinlin Maja , Grunt Sebastian , Everts Regula 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAdaptive recovery of cerebral perfusion after pediatric arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) is sought to be crucial for sustainable rehabilitation of cognitive functions. We therefore examined cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the chronic stage after stroke and its association with cognitive outcome in patients after pediatric AIS. This cross-sectional study investigated CBF and cognitive functions in 14 patients (age 13.5 ± 4.4 years) after pediatric AIS in the middle cerebral artery (time since AIS was at least 2 years prior to assessment) when compared with 36 healthy controls (aged 13.8 ± 4.3 years). Cognitive functions were assessed with neuropsychological tests, CBF was measured with arterial spin labeled imaging in the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral artery (ACA, MCA, PCA). Patients had significantly lower IQ scores and poorer cognitive functions compared to healthy controls (p < 0.026) but mean performance was within the normal range in all cognitive domains. Arterial spin labeled imaging revealed significantly lower CBF in the ipsilesional MCA and PCA in patients compared to healthy controls. Further, we found significantly higher interhemispheric perfusion imbalance in the MCA in patients compared to controls. Higher interhemispheric perfusion imbalance in the MCA was significantly associated with lower working memory performance. Our findings revealed that even years after a pediatric stroke in the MCA, reduced ipsilesional cerebral blood flow occurs in the MCA and PCA and that interhemispheric imbalance is associated with cognitive performance. Thus, our data suggest that cerebral hypoperfusion might underlie some of the variability observed in long-term outcome after pediatric stroke.