bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cuts for two-body decays at colliders
Authors: Salam Gavin P. , Slade Emma 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Fixed-order perturbative calculations of fiducial cross sections for two-body decay processes at colliders show disturbing sensitivity to unphysically low momentum scales and, in the case of H → γγ in gluon fusion, poor convergence. Such problems have their origins in an interplay between the behaviour of standard experimental cuts at small transverse momenta (pt) and logarithmic perturbative contributions. We illustrate how this interplay leads to a factorially divergent structure in the perturbative series that sets in already from the first orders. We propose simple modifications of fiducial cuts to eliminate their key incriminating characteristic, a linear dependence of the acceptance on the Higgs or Z-boson pt, replacing it with quadratic dependence. This brings major improvements in the behaviour of the perturbative expansion. More elaborate cuts can achieve an acceptance that is independent of the Higgs pt at low pt, with a variety of consequent advantages.
Topological Loops with Decomposable Solvable Multiplication Groups
Authors: Al-Abayechi Ameer , Figula Ágota 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper we deal with the class $$\mathcal {C}$$
C
of decomposable solvable Lie groups having dimension six. We determine those Lie groups in $$\mathcal {C}$$
C
and their subgroups which are the multiplication groups Mult(L) and the inner mapping groups Inn(L) for three-dimensional connected simply connected topological loops L. This result completes the classification of the at most 6-dimensional solvable multiplication Lie groups of the loops L. Moreover, we obtain that every at most 3-dimensional connected topological proper loop having a solvable Lie group of dimension at most six as its multiplication group is centrally nilpotent of class two.
A Primer on Coorbit Theory
Authors: Berge Eirik 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCoorbit theory is a powerful machinery that constructs a family of Banach spaces, the so-called coorbit spaces, from well-behaved unitary representations of locally compact groups. A core feature of coorbit spaces is that they can be discretized in a way that reflects the geometry of the underlying locally compact group. Many established function spaces such as modulation spaces, Besov spaces, Sobolev–Shubin spaces, and shearlet spaces are examples of coorbit spaces. The goal of this survey is to give an overview of coorbit theory with the aim of presenting the main ideas in an accessible manner. Coorbit theory is generally seen as a complicated theory, filled with both technicalities and conceptual difficulties. Faced with this obstacle, we feel obliged to convince the reader of the theory’s elegance. As such, this survey is a showcase of coorbit theory and should be treated as a stepping stone to more complete sources.
Combining spectral and POD modes to improve error estimation of numerical model reduction for porous media
Authors: Ekre Fredrik , Larsson Fredrik , Runesson Kenneth , Jänicke Ralf 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNumerical model reduction (NMR) is used to solve the microscale problem that arises from computational homogenization of a model problem of porous media with displacement and pressure as unknown fields. The reduction technique and an associated error estimator for the NMR error have been presented in prior work, where both spectral decomposition (SD) and proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) were used to construct the reduced basis. It was shown that the POD basis performs better w.r.t. minimizing the residual, but the SD basis has some advantageous properties for the estimator. Since it is the estimated error that will govern the error control, the most efficient procedure is the one that results in the lowest error bound. The main contribution of this paper is further development of the previous work with a proposed combined basis constructed using both SD and POD modes together with an adaptive mode selection strategy. The performance of the combined basis is compared to (i) the pure SD basis and (ii) the pure POD basis via numerical examples. The examples show that it is possible to find a combination of SD/POD modes which is improved, i.e. it yields a smaller estimate, compared to the cases of pure SD or pure POD.
Fatigue performance of endodontically treated premolars restored with direct and indirect cuspal coverage restorations utilizing fiber-reinforced cores
Authors: Fráter Márk , Sáry Tekla , Molnár Janka , Braunitzer Gábor , Lassila Lippo , Vallittu Pekka K. , Garoushi Sufyan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the fatigue survival and fracture behavior of endodontically treated (ET) premolars restored with different types of post-core and cuspal coverage restorations.

Materials and methods
MOD cavities were prepared on 108 extracted maxillary premolars. During the endodontic treatment, all teeth were instrumented with rotary files (ProTaper Universal) to the same apical enlargement (F2) and were obturated with a matched single cone obturation. After the endodontic procedure, the cavities were restored with different post-core and overlay restorations (n = 12/group). Three groups (A1–A3) were restored with either conventional composite core (PFC; control) or flowable short-fiber-reinforced composite (SFRC) core with/without custom-made fiber posts and without overlays. Six groups had similar post-core foundations as described above but with either direct PFC (B1–B3) or indirect CAD/CAM (C1–C3) overlays. Fatigue survival was tested for all restorations using a cyclic loading machine until fracture occurred or 50,000 cycles were completed. Kaplan-Meyer survival analysis was conducted, followed by pairwise post hoc comparisons.

Results
None of the restored teeth survived all 50,000. Application of flowable SFRC as luting-core material with fiber post and CAD/CAD overlays (Group C3) showed superior performance regarding fatigue survival (p < 0.05) to all the other groups. Flowable SFRC with fiber post and direct overlay (Group B3) showed superior survival compared to all other direct techniques (p < 0.05), except for the same post-core foundation but without cuspal coverage (Group A3).

Conclusions
Custom-made fiber post and SFRC as post luting core material with or without cuspal coverage performed well in terms of fatigue resistance and survival when used for the restoration of ET premolars.

Clinical relevance
The fatigue survival of direct and indirect cuspal coverage restorations in ET MOD premolars is highly dependent on whether the core build-up is fiber-reinforced or not. The combination of short and long fibers in the form of individualized post-cores seems to offer a favorable solution in this situation.
Land cover transitions and effects of transhumance on available forage biomass of rangelands in Benin
Authors: Ellison James , Brinkmann Katja , Diogo Rodrigue V. Cao , Buerkert Andreas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study examined the effects of transhumance pressure on total abavoe-ground biomass and forage availability on rangelands in Benin. We also investigated the implications of land cover transitions on rangelands over a 31-year period. Our work was carried out in three regions of Benin representing distinct phytogeographic regimes: Ketou, Tchaourou, and Sinende. Ground-truthing and biomass sampling of the herbaceous and phanaerophyte strata were carried out between the 2016 peak vegetation period and the onset of the 2017 rainy season. Herbaceous biomass was determined by destructive sampling, and biomass of shrub and trees was estimated using non-destructive sampling and allometric equations. Historical and present-day Landsat data allowed an analysis of land cover change for the 1986–2002 and 2002–2017 periods. Land cover analyses yielded evidence of significant expansion of agricultural areas, especially in the latter period. The data also revealed progressive landscape fragmentation and transformations to a land cover of reduced total phytomass. There were no long-term effects of transhumance on trees, but likely on herbaceous biomass. Land cover changes in the study regions seem primarily the result of population pressure, infrastructural changes, persisting norms, and traditions regarding environmental management and the increasing popularity of livestock keeping as an insurance strategy. Rangeland transformations had negative impacts on transhumant herds’ mobility and forage availability. As rangeland stability and consent between agricultural and pastoral land users are at a tipping point, informed policies, and land use planning that foster compromises among all stakeholders are needed.
The integrated multiomic diagnosis of sporadic meningiomas: a review of its clinical implications
Authors: Robert Stephanie M. , Vetsa Shaurey , Nadar Arushii , Vasandani Sagar , Youngblood Mark W. , Gorelick Evan , Jin Lan , Marianayagam Neelan , Erson-Omay E Zeynep , Günel Murat , Moliterno Jennifer 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Meningiomas are generally considered “benign,” however, these tumors can demonstrate variability in behavior and a surprising aggressiveness with elevated rates of recurrence. The advancement of next-generation molecular technologies have led to the understanding of the genomic and epigenomic landscape of meningiomas and more recent correlations with clinical characteristics and behavior.

Methods
Based on a thorough review of recent peer-reviewed publications (PubMed) and edited texts, we provide a molecular overview of meningiomas with a focus on relevant clinical implications.

Results
The identification of specific somatic driver mutations has led to the classification of several major genomic subgroups, which account for more than 80% of sporadic meningiomas, and can be distinguished using noninvasive clinical variables to help guide management decisions. Other somatic genomic modifications, including non-coding alterations and copy number variations, have also been correlated with tumor characteristics. Furthermore, epigenomic modifications in meningiomas have recently been described, with DNA methylation being the most widely studied and potentially most clinically relevant. Based on these molecular insights, several clinical trials are currently underway in an effort to establish effective medical therapeutic options for meningioma.

Conclusion
As we enhance our multiomic understanding of meningiomas, our ability to care for patients with these tumors will continue to improve. Further biological insights will lead to additional progress in precision medicine for meningiomas.
Thinking out of the box—by thinking in other boxes: a systematic review of interventions in early entrepreneurship vs. STEM education research
Authors: Barth Joanna , Muehlfeld Katrin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractScholars increasingly converge on the view that entrepreneurship education (EE) should start early during the formative years of individuals’ educational careers, ideally in primary and secondary education. They also agree that promotion of attitudinal factors, especially, entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) is of crucial importance. Yet, empirical evidence on effective interventions to foster ESE in early EE is still scarce. Therefore, this study, first, systematically reviews and systematizes this limited literature consisting of eight quantitative studies. Second, in order to develop suggestions for future ESE-oriented interventions in early entrepreneurship education, the study draws on insights from systematically reviewing a second, related yet already more developed literature: research on self-efficacy-oriented interventions in early STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) education. Third, this study compares the interventions across both research streams in terms of research design, theoretical framework, structure and content of the interventions, and the findings of the studies. As a result, it derives implications for future research on ESE-oriented interventions in early EE: regarding the research design (e.g., use of several treatments); the structure and content of the programs like pedagogical and methodological components (e.g., use of specific learning strategies); analysis of potentially important moderating variables (e.g., gender, social background). Finally, the study discusses the potential for developing cross-disciplinary interventions aimed at simultaneously encouraging self-efficacy in the domains of STEM and entrepreneurship.
Predicting the Number of GHB-Related Toxicologic Admissions Using Google Trends Data
Authors: Kapitány-Fövény Máté , Ferenci Tamás , Demetrovics Zsolt , Sulyok Mihály 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the era of novel psychoactive substances (NPS), the internet became a relevant source of information and purchase for those who consume psychoactive drugs. Parallelly, a growing body of research aim to utilize web search metrics (most commonly by relying on Google Trends data) in the prediction of substance use-related trends, including epidemiological forecasting. The main goal of the current study was to assess the utility of web search queries in the prediction of Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)-related toxicologic admissions in Hungary by performing additive decomposition of time series to identify trend and seasonal components. Monthly data identified GHB-related search volume representing nationwide web interest towards this substance was found to be a significant covariate of admission rates; the seasonal component showed two peaks in the admission rates: one in December/January and another one in May, whereas more admissions on the weekends were observed as compared to weekday data in Hungary. By taking into account the subtle effect sizes of this study, these results suggest that Google Trends data may be useful in forecasting toxicologic admissions on a monthly level, yet a number of limitations should be considered when interpreting these associations. Web search metrics can therefore be used for early warning purposes in the field of toxicology as well. An external validation approach is also suggested by the authors.
Gesundheitsbezogene Verhaltensänderungen in der nachberuflichen Lebensphase
Authors: Krüger Nina , Killersreiter Birgitt 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Im Anschluss an die Erwerbszeit gestaltet sich das Gesundheitsverhalten bei Menschen im Ruhestand unterschiedlich. Doch welche Möglichkeiten bestehen aus Sicht der Betroffenen, um gesundheitsrelevante Veränderungsabsichten leichter umzusetzen? Und wie können daraus neue Gewohnheiten etabliert werden?

Methodik
Im August 2020 erfolgte die Datenerhebung im Rahmen einer qualitativen Forschung durch Face-to-face-Interviews mit deduktiv ausgewählten Personen in der nachberuflichen Lebensphase. Das gewonnene Material wurde systematisch und regelgeleitet auf Basis der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring ausgewertet. Zur Orientierung diente ein Kodierleitfaden in Anlehnung an das HAPA-Modell (Health Action Process Approach model).

Ergebnisse
Die Aussagen der Befragten deuten auf eine starke Absichtsbildung als bedeutendsten Vorhersagewert für eine längerfristige Durchführung von gesundheitsfördernden Handlungen hin. Weitere Verstärker zeigen sich in der selbstbestimmten Schaffung neuer Gewohnheiten, der Visualisierung von Vorteilen, einem Barrierenmanagement, Erfolgserlebnissen, Ersatzbefriedigungen und individuellen Handlungsplänen, die auch Freude bereitende Aspekte beinhalten.

Schlussfolgerung
Unter Beachtung mehrerer beeinflussender Faktoren könnten die Erfolgsaussichten bei selbstgesteckten Gesundheitszielen wirksam erhöht werden. In Eigenregie oder gemeinschaftlich erstellte Konzepte würden dabei als Verstärker wirken. Zu diesem Zweck könnte ein niedrigschwelliges Seminarangebot unterstützend zur Verfügung gestellt und ggf. in Kooperation mit Ärzt*innen, Krankenhäusern oder Rehabilitationseinrichtungen forciert werden. Auch situative Einflüsse scheinen die Absichtsbildung zu beeinflussen und sollten daher in das HAPA-Modell (Health Action Process Approach model) integriert werden.
Clinical results of image-guided interstitial brachytherapy with or without external beam radiotherapy for postsurgical vaginal recurrence of cervical and endometrial cancers
Authors: Kanemoto Ayae , Sugita Tadashi , Ayukawa Fumio , Takahashi Kotaro , Horiuchi Ayano , Haino Kazufumi , Kikuchi Akira 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcome and efficacy of image-guided interstitial brachytherapy (ISBT) for postsurgical vaginal recurrence of cervical and endometrial cancers.

Materials and methods
The study included 11 patients who received CT-based image-guided high-dose-rate ISBT with or without external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). Local control, progression-free survival, and treatment-related toxicities were evaluated retrospectively.

Results
Of the 11 patients, 4 underwent ISBT with EBRT and the other 7 ISBT alone; two of the latter patients received previous pelvic radiotherapy. After a median follow-up of 43.9 months (range 3.9–92.7 months), the 2-year local control rate was 100%. The median equivalent doses in 2 Gy fractions received by at least 90% of the clinical target volume for ISBT with versus without EBRT were 82.2 Gy (range 60.4–84.2 Gy) versus 69.0 Gy (range 50.8–98.2 Gy). The 2-year progression-free survival rates after ISBT with versus without EBRT were 75% versus 80%, and the difference was not significant (p = 0.74). Grade 3 late toxicities occurred in two patients.

Conclusion
Our radiotherapy strategy using image-guided ISBT, either with or without EBRT, for postsurgical vaginal recurrence showed effective treatment outcomes.
Systemische Rationalisierung 4.0. Wie Wettbewerb und Geschäftsmodelle die Digitalisierung in Handel, Logistik und Finanzdienstleistungen prägen
Authors: Buss Klaus-Peter , Oberbeck Herbert , Tullius Knut 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungDer gesellschaftliche, politische und wissenschaftliche Diskurs um die Digitalisierung wird geprägt durch das irreleitende Bild eines disruptiven Technologieschubs, der in der Wirtschaft technologische Entwicklungen ermöglicht, die noch bis vor kurzem undenkbar waren und große Teile der heute bestehenden Arbeitsplätze und ganze Berufsfelder bedroht. Auch sozialwissenschaftliche Deutungsangebote geben nur unbefriedigende Antworten auf die gegenwärtige Konstellation, weil sie oftmals recht pauschale und deterministische Aussagen zum Wandel betrieblicher Strategien und Geschäftsmodelle treffen. Der Beitrag argumentiert, dass die gegenwärtig stattfindenden Veränderungen überwiegend nicht als technologiegetriebener Umbruch, sondern als branchenspezifische Entwicklungen einer systemischen Rationalisierung zu interpretieren sind. Der eigentliche Treiber der Digitalisierung und Einsatzzweck digitaler Technologien ist, so lautet die These auf Grundlage eigener empirischer Befunde, der Versuch der Optimierung und Steuerung von Marktbeziehungen und Wettbewerbsprozessen, die primär von den Spezifika der jeweiligen Branchen – hier: Handel, Logistik, Finanz- und Versicherungsdienstleistungen – bestimmt werden.
The Impact of Bariatric Surgery on the Muscle Mass in Patients with Obesity: 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Martínez Marta Comas , Meli Enzamaria Fidilio , Candia Fiorella Palmas , Filippi Francesca , Vilallonga Ramon , Cordero Efrain , Hernández Irene , Eguinoa Alba Zabalegui , Burgos Rosa , Vila Anna , Simó Rafael , Ciudin Andreea 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Bariatric surgery (BS) induces a significant and sustained weight loss in patients with severe obesity (SO). Nevertheless, apart from significantly reducing body fat, fat-free mass (FFM) might also be lost. At present, there is little and controversial data in the literature regarding the impact of BS on FFM. In recent years, bioimpedance (BIA) has emerged as a reliable test to assess body composition easily to use in the daily clinical practice. On the bases, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the impact of BS on the FFM, evaluated by means of BIA.

Material and Methods
This is a prospective, observational study, including consecutive patients with SO that underwent BS between February 2018 and February 2019 at our center. At baseline, 1, 6, 12, and 24 months after the BS, all the patients underwent complete medical history, physical and anthropometric evaluation, and body composition assessment by means of BIA (using Bodystat QuadScan4000®).

Results
Eighty-five patients with SO were recruited, 72.9% females, aged 45.54 ± 9.98 years, pre-BS BMI 43.87 ± 6.52 kg/m2. FFM significantly decreased continuously after BS at all timepoints. The loss of FFM 24 months post-BS accounted for approximately 21.71 ± 13.9% of the total weight loss, and was independent of BS technique or protein metabolism. Pre-BS HOMA-IR and FFM were independent predictors of FFM at 24 months.

Conclusions
Significant and early loss of FFM in patients with SO that undergo BS was seen, not related to protein metabolism parameters or the BS technique used, suggesting an independent mechanism.

Graphical abstract
Prognostic value of fibrinogen to albumin ratios among critically ill patients with acute kidney injury
Authors: Xia Wenkai , Li Chenyu , Yao Xiajuan , Chen Yan , Zhang Yaoquan , Hu Hong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFibrinogen to albumin ratios (FAR) have shown to be a promising prognostic factor for improving the predictive accuracy in various diseases. This study explores FAR's prognostic significance in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). All clinical data were extracted from the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care Database III version 1.4. All patients were divided into four groups based on FAR quartiles. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality. A generalized additive model was applied to explore a nonlinear association between FAR and in-hospital mortality. The Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the association between FAR and in-hospital mortality. A total of 5001 eligible subjects were enrolled. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that higher FAR was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality after adjusting for potential confounders (HR, 95% CI 1.23, 1.03–1.48, P = 0.025). A nonlinear relationship between FAR and in-hospital mortality was observed. FAR may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker in critically patients with AKI and higher FAR was associated with increased risk of in-hospital mortality among these patients.