bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real World Evaluation of Upfront Docetaxel in Metastatic Castrate Sensitive Prostate Cancer
Authors: Isaksson Jenny , Green Henrik , Papantoniou Dimitrios , Pettersson Linn , Andén Mats , Rosell Johan , Lundqvist Elisabeth Åvall , Elander Nils O 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Recent randomised phase III trials demonstrate survival benefit for the addition of upfront docetaxel to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in metastatic castrate sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC). Following its implementation in routine care, this combined treatment strategy needs further evaluation in a real world setting.Methods: A multicentre retrospective cohort study in the South East Health care region of Sweden was conducted. All patients given upfront docetaxel for mCSPC from July 2015 until December 2017 were included. Primary endpoint was progression free survival (PFS) at 12 months and secondary endpoints were PFS at 24 months, overall survival (OS), treatment intensity, adverse events, and unplanned hospitalisations. Exploratory analyses on potentially prognostic parameters were performed.Results: 94 patients were eligible and formed the study cohort. PFS at 12 and 24 months were 75% (95% CI 66-84) and 58% (46-70). OS at 12 and 24 months were 93% (87-99) and 86% (76-96). 91% (n=86) initiated docetaxel according to the standard protocol of 75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks (6 cycles), whereas 9% (n=8) received a modified protocol of 50 mg/m2 every 2 weeks (9 cycles). The average overall dose intensity for those commencing standard treatment was 91%. Univariate cox regression analyses revealed that baseline PSA >180 vs <180 and presence vs absence of distant metastases were negative prognostic factors (HR 2.86, 95% CI 1.39-5.87, p =0.0041 and 3.36, 95% CI 1.03-10.96, p=0.045). Following multivariate analysis, the statistical significance remained for PSA (2.51, CI 1.21-5.19, p =0.013) but not for metastatic status (2.60, 95% CI 0.78-8.65, p=0.12). Febrile neutropenia was recorded in 21% (n=20) and 26% (n=24) had at least one episode of unplanned hospitalisation under and up to 30 days after the treatment course. Conclusions: The outcome and safety profile of upfront docetaxel in addition to androgen deprivation therapy in metastatic castrate sensitive prostate cancer appear similar in real world and randomised controlled populations. Further implementation of this treatment strategy is encouraged.
Hydrothermally Synthesized Nanostructured LiMnxFe1-xPO4 (x = 0-0.3) Cathode Materials With Enhanced Properties for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Trinh Dung V. , Nguyen Mai T. T. , Dang Hue T. M. , Dang Dung T. , Le Hang T. T. , Le Huynh T. N. , Tran Hoang V. , Huynh Chinh D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Nanostructured cathode materials based on Mn-doped olivine LiMnxFe1-xPO4 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) were successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal route. X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Raman spectroscopy indicated that the synthesized samples possessed a sphere-like nanostructure and a relatively homogeneous size distribution in the range of 100 - 200 nm. Electrochemical experiments and analysis showed that the Mn doping increased the redox potential and boosted the capacity. While the undoped olivine (LiFePO4) had a capacity of 169 mAh g-1 with a slight reduction (10%) in the initial capacity after 50 cycles (150 mAh g-1), the Mn-doped olivine samples (LiMnxFe1-xPO4) demonstrated reliable cycling tests with negligible capacity loss, reaching 151, 147, and 157 mAh g-1 for x = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3, respectively. The results from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) accompanied by the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) confirmed that the Mn substitution for Fe promoted the charge transfer process and hence the rapid Li transport. These findings indicate that the LiMnxFe1-xPO4 nanostructures are promising cathode materials for lithium ion battery applications.
Analysis of costs of accidents involving motorcyclists in Jataí - Goiás in the period from 2013 to 2015
Authors: Silva Juliana Freitas , Rodrigues Maria José 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

The occurrence of traffic accidents is a public health problem present throughout Brazil. These accidents generate consequences of personal, social and economic nature. Thus, our objective is to analyze the costs of accidents involving motorcyclists, according to the type of accident, with or without victim, using data taken from traffic accident reports provided by the Military Police in the years 2013 to 2015.
Methods

The data extracted from these reports were analyzed based on the reports of the Institute of Applied Economic Research and the Informatics Department of the Unified Health System. To arrive at the corrected calculation, the accumulated Consumer Price Index for each year was also used.
Results

In Jataí, 1,118 traffic accidents were recorded, 256 without victims and 862 with victims in the analyzed period. Such accidents cost the municipality more than fifteen million reais from 2013 to 2015, costs that involve production losses for society, medical-hospital costs, early retirements, and police and judicial costs. This database was also used to generate a map showing the density of accidents for the same period, which made it possible to identify the neighborhoods with the highest traffic occurrences in the city of Jataí.
Conclusions

These data are tools that enable a deep reflection on the subject, besides serving as a parameter for establishing road safety policies, mapping the occurrences, as well as improving factors that minimize traffic accidents. Analysis of these data makes it possible to understand the expenses and describe the places where traffic accidents occurred in the city of Jataí, GO, Brazil.
Musculoskeletal Practices for the Preparticipation Physical Examination
Authors: Corrente Connor , Silvis Matthew , Murphy Joseph , Gallo Robert , Onks Cayce 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Little is known about the musculoskeletal (MSK) exam providers use during the preparticipation physical exam (PPE). The primary aims of this study were to determine current practice with regards to the MSK screening exam, if goals are being met, and if there may be opportunities for improvement.
Results
The study had a total of 616 participants with a response rate of 9%. The majority of respondents (82%) were familiar with the 4th Edition PPE Monograph and 80% either moderately or strongly agreed that they use this as a guideline for their MSK screening exam. The 90 second MSK screening test was implemented by 52% of the participants and 13% reported no knowledge of this test. The majority of participants use an orthopedic exam as part of their PPE (82%). 92% of participants felt satisfied that their MSK exam would screen for current injury, while only 42% were satisfied that it effectively screened for future injury. 86% of participants agree that the MSK exam should be performed, while 26% said that they don't perform a physical exam at all. Educationally, 51% received training for the MSK PPE in residency, and 62% had training in fellowship.
Conclusions
Most participants believe that the MSK exam should be performed and that it effectively screens for current injuries, but there is variability as to what tests are being utilized despite the majority being familiar with the PPE Monograph. Most providers do not believe that the MSK PPE adequately screens for future injury; an overriding goal of the PPE. Residency or fellowship programs appear to be venues that education may be instituted.
WITHDRAWN: The role of pulmonary function testing in predicting risk of pneumothorax by CT-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy of the lung
Authors: Li Chunhai , Wang Dexiang , Yang Fengxia , Song Yang , Yu Xuejuan , Liu Bo , Jia Haipeng , Zhou Wei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
To determine risk factors for pneumothorax associated with computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy (PCNB) of the lung. Whether the lung function characteristics are related to pneumothorax is unclear. This study was designed to provide a risk assessment of pneumothorax based on pulmonary function analysis, which can predict the risk especially for patients with severe pulmonary dysfunction.
Methods
We retrospectively evaluated 343 patients who received CT-guided pulmonary PCNBs and underwent preoperative pulmonary function testing. Demographical, lesion-related, procedure-related features and histopathological diagnosis, as well as results of pulmonary function test were analyzed for risk factors of pneumothorax
Results
Variables associated with higher rate of pneumothorax were location of lesion, presence of emphysema and dwell time. Furthermore, there was significant difference of pulmonary function parameters between groups with or without pneumothorax as expressed by FEV1/FVC ratio, FEV1/FVC ratio (%, pred), FEF50% (% pred), FEF75% (% pred), and FEF25 − 75% (% pred). Obstructive pulmonary function abnormalities were associated with a higher incidence of pneumothorax. However, no correlation was found between the pneumothorax rate and the severity of pulmonary function abnormalities. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed lower location of lesion sampled and presence of emphysema were independent predictors of pneumothorax.
Conclusions
Patients with obstructive pulmonary dysfunction have a higher risk of pneumothorax. FEV1/FVC ratio, FEF50%, FEF75% and FEF25 − 75% has the potential to identify the high-risk population of pneumothorax.
Leaf Wax Extracted from Cauliflower Waste Shows Antitranspirant Efficacy
Authors: Leung Gee-Sian , Marriott Ray , Faralli Michele , Weerasinghe Minuka , Corke Fiona , Miles Melville , Kettlewell Peter 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose : Excessive transpiration of water from plant leaves can damage crop productivity during droughts, but commercial antitranspirants are expensive. The aim of this research was to characterise extracted wax from brassica leaf waste, and determine its antitranspirant efficacy and economics. Methods : Yield of wax extracted with dichloromethane from six types of brassica waste was measured and the highest yielding waste was selected for bulk extraction with supercritical CO 2 . Wax was compared with a commercially-available terpene antitranspirant (di-1- p -menthene) for efficacy in reducing leaf water vapour loss, measured as stomatal conductance, in three experiments on rapeseed and in one experiment on wheat. Cost of wax under different production scenarios was calculated. Results : Cauliflower leaf waste gave the highest wax yield, with the concentration varying from 1.31% (m/m) to 5.85% (m/m) in different batches of dried leaves. Nonacosane was the main component of the wax. In two of the three rapeseed experiments and in the wheat experiment, stomatal conductance was significantly reduced to similar extents by wax and by di-1- p -menthene, despite the wax being formulated and applied at a much lower concentration. Economic analysis showed that a high wax concentration in the cauliflower leaves would be needed to produce a commercially-viable leaf wax antitranspirant. Conclusion : The results demonstrate biological efficacy as an antitranspirant of extracted cauliflower leaf wax. Further research is needed on variation in wax yield to reliably source high wax concentration leaves and reduce cost of production, and also to understand the greater efficacy of wax than di-1- p -menthene.
Spectral-Luminescent and Electroluminescent Properties of Charge-Transfer Systems Based on Electron-Donating Diphenylamine Derivatives and Acceptors of Dibenzothiophene Sulfone and Phenanthridine
Authors: Gadirov Ruslan M. , Samsonova Lubov G. , Degtyarenko Konstantin M. , Kurtsevich Alexander E. , Yakushchenko Igor K. , Kopylova Tatyana N. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Spectral characteristics and luminescence under the photo- and electro-excitation of substituted dibenzthiophene sulfone and phenanthridine were studied in this paper. Diphenylamines are substituents introduced in the 2nd and 7th positions (linear configuration) or the 3rd and 6th positions (angular configuration) of dibenzthiophene sulfone or phenanthridine. All molecules show delayed fluorescence, both in solutions and films produced by thermal vacuum deposition. The value of the energy gap between the S1 and T1 states has been estimated and is shown to depend not only on the spatial arrangement of the fragments among themselves (linear or angular), but also on the nature of the substituent in diphenylamine. The highest electroluminescence brightness was found for the molecules, in which triplet levels are involved, both through the process of triplet-triplet annihilation and through thermally activated delayed fluorescence.
Early Detection of Myocardial Changes With and Without Dexrazoxane Using Serial Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Pre-Clinical Mouse Model
Authors: Noel Cory , Rainusso Nino , Robertson Matthew , Romero Jonathan , Masand Prakash , Coarfa Cristian , Pautler Robia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction may occur in pediatric cancer survivors. Identification of early markers of myocardial damage secondary to anthracycline exposure is crucial to develop strategies that may ameliorate this complication. ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to identify early myocardial changes induced by doxorubicin with and without cardioprotection using dexrazoxane detected by serial cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) in a pre-clinical mouse model.MethodsSerial CMR examinations were performed in 90 mice distributed in 3 groups: 45 received doxorubicin (DOX group), 30 mice received doxorubicin with dexrazoxane (DOX/DEX group) and 15 mice received saline injections (control group). We obtained the following CMR parameters in all mice: T2, extracellular volume quantification (ECV), myocardial deformation, and functional quantification.ResultsMyocardial edema assessed by T2 time was the earliest parameter demonstrating evidence of myocardial injury, most notable in the DOX group at week 4 and 8 compared with DOX/DEX group. Similarly, global longitudinal strain was abnormal in both the DOX and DOX/DEX groups. However, this change persisted only in the DOX group. The ECV was significantly elevated in the DOX group at the final CMR, while only minimally elevated in the DOX/DEX group. The right and left ejection fraction was decreased, along with the mass to volume ratio in the DOX group. The T2 time, ECV, and deformation correlated with ejection fraction and left ventricular volume. ConclusionsT2 time and deformation by CMR identifies early myocardial injury from anthracyclines. Dexrazoxne did not prevent the initial edema, but the inflammatory changes were not sustained. CMR may be useful for early detection of cardiac dysfunction. Serial CMR demonstrates dexrazoxane minimizes cardiac dysfunction and aids recovery in a mouse model.
Determinants of Viral Suppression Among Adolescents on Antiretroviral Therapy in Ehlanzeni District, South Africa: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Authors: Okonji Emeka Francis , Wyk Brian Van , Mukumbang Ferdinand C. , Hughes Gail 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Achieving undetectable viral loads is crucial for the reduction of HIV transmissions, AIDS related illnesses and death. Adolescents living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART) have worse treatment adherence and lower viral suppression rates compared to adults. We report on the clinical factors associated with viral suppression among adolescents 10–19 years living with HIV in the Ehlanzeni district, Mpumalanga in South Africa.
Methods

A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted with 9,543 adolescents living with HIV, aged 10–19 years, who were enrolled in 136 ART clinics in the Ehlanzeni district. Clinical and immunological data were obtained from electronic medical records (Tier.net). Adolescents were categorized as having achieved viral suppression if their latest viral load count was < 1000 ribonucleic acid (RNA) copies/mL. Using a backward stepwise approach, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors independently associated with viral suppression.
Results

The mean age of the participants was 14.75 years (SD = 2.8), and 55.43% were female. Mean duration on ART was 72.26 (SD = 42.3) months. Of the 9,543 adolescents with viral load results recorded, 74% had achieved viral suppression. After adjusting for other covariates, the likelihood of achieving viral suppression remained significantly higher among adolescents who were: female (AOR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.05–1.38), had CD4 count > 200 (AOR = 2.29, 95% CI 1.89–2.79), and on ART for more than 6 months (AOR = 2.75, 95% CI 1.74–4.34). Furthermore, the likelihood of having viral suppression was lower among adolescents with CD4 count < 200 at baseline (AOR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.64–0.90), and who were switched to second line regimen (AOR = 0.42, 95% CI 0.35–0.49).
Conclusions

Viral suppression amongst adolescents at 74% is considerably lower than the WHO target of 90%. Of particular concern for intervention is the lower rates of viral suppression amongst male adolescents. Greater emphasis should be placed to enrol adolescents on ART earlier before CD4 counts are depleted (< 200) and keeping them engaged in care (beyond 6 months). Furthermore, improved viral load monitoring may prevent unnecessary switching to second line treatment, which are costly and is a risk factor for viral non suppression.
Electrophysiological, Behavioural and Biochemical Effect of Ocimum Basilicum Oil and Its Constituents Methyl Chavicol and Linalool on Musca Domestica L.
Authors: Senthoorraja Rajendran , Subaharan KESAVAN , Manjunath Sowmya , Pragadheesh Vppalayam Shanmugam , Bakthavatsalam Nandagopal , Mohan Muthu Gounder , Senthil-Nathan Sengottayan , Basavarajappa Sekarappa 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Ocimum basilicum essential oil (EO) was evaluated for its biological effect on M. domestica. Characterization of O. basilicum EO revealed the presence of methyl chavicol (70.93%), linalool (9.34%), epi-α-cadinol (3.69 %), methyl eugenol (2.48%), γ-cadinene (1.67%), 1,8-cineole (1.30%) and (E)-β-ocimene (1.11%). The basil EO and its constituents methyl chavicol and linalool caused the neuronal response in female adults of M. domestica. Adult female flies showed reduced preference to food source laced with basil EO and methyl chavicol. Substrate treated with EO and methyl chavicol at 0.25% caused an oviposition deterrence of over 80%. The ovicidal effect was high in O. basilicum EO (EC50 9.74mg/dm3) followed by methyl chavicol (EC50 10.67mg/dm3) and linalool (EC50 13.57mg/dm3. On contact toxicity, adults exposed to EO (LD50 10.01 μg/adult) were more susceptible than to methyl chavicol and linalool (LD50 13.62 μg/adult and LD50 43.12 μg/adult respectively). EO and its constituents methyl chavicol and linalool induced the detoxifying enzymes Carboxyl esterase (Car E) and Glutathione S – transferases (GST)
A Comparative Study of the Recent Most Potent Small-Molecule PD-L1 Inhibitors: What Can We Learn?
Authors: Zhang Yu , Guo Yu , Gao Jian , Huang Wenhai , Dong Xiaowu , Liu Mei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway have become a "game-changer" in the cancer treatment. However, none of the small molecular inhibitors has been approved yet. To explore the advantages and disadvantages of various scaffolds, different biological evaluations were performed on the three selected small inhibitors, namely Incyte-001, Incyte-011, and BMS-1001. In the HTRF assay, BMS-1001 showed the best binding activity for PD-L1 (IC50 = 0.9 nM) while Incyte-011 (IC50 = 5.293 nM) was twice more potent than the Incyte-001 (IC50 = 11 nM). Also, only Incyte-011 increased the IFN-γ production. Notably, the Incyte-001 exhibited the high-est cytotoxicity (EC50 = 1.635 μM). Interestingly, Incyte-001 (injected intravenously 2mg/kg) also displayed good blood-brain barrier permeability and reached a high concentration in the brain tissue. Finally, molecular docking and modeling studies suggested that the compounds bind in a pocket at the interface of two PD-L1 monomers. Overall, our work shows that PD-1/PD-L1 small molecular inhibitors have different biological characteristics depending on their unique skeletons, which can be further improved to better their clinical application.
Association Between Plasma Renin Activity with Hypertension in Children with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to 21-Hydroxylase Enzyme Deficiency
Authors: Lubis Siska Mayasari , Hidayati Eka Lakshmi , Soesanti Frida , AAP Bambang Tridjaja 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Student-Teacher&nbsp;Ratio,&nbsp;Work&nbsp;Hours,&nbsp;and&nbsp;Workload&nbsp;Stress&nbsp;Experienced&nbsp;by&nbsp;Teachers
Authors: Hojo Masakazu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Too long work hours of Japanese school teachers, along with an increasing number of teachers taking leave due to mental illness, are well known and recognized as a serious social problem. In order to prevent the spread of COVID-19 by reducing the density in the classroom, the Japanese government has decided to reduce the upper-limit of class size in primary schools after 2021, which is expected to result in lowering the student-teacher ratio. The aim of this study was to examine the association between student-teacher ratio, teacher work hours and teacher stress. Methods: Data on student-teacher ratio, teacher work hours, and teacher stress were obtained from a large-scale international survey conducted by OECD. The number of teachers participated in the survey was 3308 (primary school) and 3555 (lower-secondary school). After excluding teachers with missing observations, the analytic sample consisted of 2767 (primary school) and 3018 (lower-secondary school) teachers. Multivariate regression analysis was performed. Results: Regression results revealed that student-teacher ratio was positively correlated with total work hours and workload stress of teachers, and was negatively correlated with their job satisfaction. In particular, teachers working in schools with high student-teacher ratio spent more time on time-consuming tasks such as marking/correcting student work and communication with parents or guardians. The coefficient estimates suggested that lowering student-teacher ratio by five at lower secondary school would decrease total working hours by 2.5 hours per week (p<0.001). Conclusion: Our empirical results suggested that the class-size reduction policy starting in 2021 could reduce teacher stress and long work hours through the consequent decrease in student-teacher ratios.