bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Implications of COVID-19 Deaths: Analyzing Race, Ethnicity, Socio-Economic Conditions, Gender, and Age for the US
Authors: Kulkarni Saagar S , Lorenz Kathryn E 
Published: January 2021

This paper examines two CDC data sets in order to provide a comprehensive overview and social implications of COVID-19 related deaths within the United States over the first eight months of 2020. By analyzing the first data set during this eight-month period with the variables of age, race, and individual states in the United States, we found correlations between COVID-19 deaths and these three variables. Overall, our multivariable regression model was found to be statistically significant. When analyzing the second CDC data set, we used the same variables with one exception; gender was used in place of race. From this analysis, it was found that trends in age and individual states were significant. However, since gender was not found to be significant in predicting deaths, we concluded that, gender does not play a significant role in the prognosis of COVID-19 induced deaths. However, the age of an individual and his/her state of residence potentially play a significant role in determining life or death. Socio-economic analysis of the US population confirms Qualitative socio-economic Logic based Cascade Hypotheses (QLCH) of education, occupation, and income affecting race/ethnicity differently. For a given race/ethnicity, education drives occupation then income, where a person lives, and in turn his/her access to healthcare coverage. Considering socio-economic data based QLCH framework, we conclude that different races are poised for differing effects of COVID-19 and that Asians and Whites are in a stronger position to combat COVID-19 than Hispanics and Blacks.
Dynamic analysis of multi point winding hoisting system under non synchronous movements of wire ropes in deep well
Authors: Wu Shuiyuan , Gong Xiansheng , He Ping 
Published: January 2021

Taking the multi point winding hoisting system with depth of 1000 m, drum radius of 0.4 m, drum radius difference of 0.1 mm as the research background, a model of multi point winding hoisting system under non synchronous movement of wire ropes is established, and the mathematical model is deduced by Lagrange equation. Then the dynamic characteristic of super deep multi point winding hoisting system under non synchronous movements of wire ropes is analyzed. The results show that: the rotational displacement of mass block is 5°, the rotational velocity is 0.07 °/s in the stage of constant speed. The rope length difference reaches 0.07 m, the tension of each wire rope changes 333 N, accounted for about 7 % of the average tension. And with the length difference increasing 35 mm, the force differences increasing 320 N, which indicates that the length difference has great impact on the tension difference of wire ropes. Finally, the mathematical model is verified through experiment.
AKT/GSK-3 Pathway Targeting; Botanicals and Bioactive Compounds with Anticancer Activities
Authors: Jalali Atefeh , Zarshenas Mohammad M. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
In the late 20th century, the leading role of signaling pathways in various cancers is revealed
via some genome's systematic investigations. The Akt/GSK-3 signaling pathway is one of the critical
signaling pathways dysregulated in numerous human cancers. The Akt cascade acts in the cancer process by
regulating apoptosis, cell cycle, metabolism, and cells' longevity. The GSK-3 is downstream of Akt, which has
an opposite role in cancer progression.

Objective:
Attending to the importance of the Akt/GSK-3 pathway in cancer progression and the positive result
of natural products in cancer treatment, this research is designed to review effective herbal medicines in one of
the involvement critical signal pathways of cancer for developing novel anticancer drugs.

Method:
Keywords "plant", "natural", "cancer", "AKT", and "GSK" were searched through the "Scopus" and
"Google scholar" databases up to 30th August 2020. Papers linking to pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmaceutics
were collected and discussed.

Results and Conclusion:
The Akt/GSK-3 signaling pathway plays a prominent role in cancer. Although the effect
of GSK-3 in cancer cells is depended on the type and contents of cells, the inhibition of Akt/GSK-3 mostly
is led to three primary outcomes in cancer cells, including (1) apoptotic activity and autophagy induction, (2)
anti-proliferative and growth inhibitory effects, and (3) anti-metastatic and angiogenesis effects. As the tendency
to use natural products increases, we gathered 64 plants or bioactive components with the anticancer activity
via the Akt/GSK-3 signaling pathway. Since most of these investigations have been conducted on cell lines,
these plants can be the right candidate to be evaluated in human trials.
Cardio-protective Effects of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Publication Overlap
Authors: Zafeiropoulos Stefanos , Pagiantza Areti , Doundoulakis Ioannis , Stalikas Nikolaos , Farmakis Ioannis , Samaras Athanasios , Antza Christina , Giannakoulas George 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have emerged as a new antihyperglycemic
class with the demonstrated advantage of reducing major adverse cardiovascular events
(MACE) among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, or high cardiovascular
risk.

Objective:
Τo summarize the evidence of systematic reviews (SRs) that assess MACE (cardiovascular mortality,
nonfatal myocardial infarction, and stroke) and hospitalizations for heart failure in GLP-1RAs-treated patients
and to evaluate possible overlap in pertinent SRs.

Methods:
We performed a comprehensive search via MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and PROSPERO databases
up to February 23, 2020, for SRs examining cardiovascular outcomes of GLP-1RAs in T2DM patients. Three
independent authors extracted data and assessed the methodological quality of the included SRs using the
ROBIS tool.

Results :
We found 37 SRs – published between 2009 and 2020 in English – of which 35 collected data only
from randomized clinical trials while two from observational studies as well. The methodological quality of the
37 SRs ranged from low to high, while only 3 have evaluated the overall quality of evidence outcome using the
Grading of Recommendations Assessments, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. All the included
SRs showed cardiovascular safety of GLP-1RAs while the latest ones demonstrated a reduction in composite
MACE endpoint as well as its every individual component and heart failure hospitalizations.

Conclusion:
In the first overview of SRs about cardiovascular outcomes of GLP-1RAs, they proved favorable
effects on reducing cardiovascular events in T2DM patients. There are, however, many overlapping reviews
based on relatively few cardiovascular outcomes trials.
Ampicillin-augmented Silver Nanoparticles for Synergistic Antimicrobial Response: A Promising Therapeutic Approach
Authors: Khan Kashan , Qureshi Mohd A. , Azam Ameer , Moinuddin  , Musarrat Javed , Javed Saleem 
Published: January 2021

Aims:
Globally, scientists are working to find more efficient antimicrobial drugs to treat
microbial infections and kill drug-resistant bacteria.

Background:
Despite the availability of numerous antimicrobial drugs, bacterial infections still
pose a serious threat to global health. A constant decline in the effectiveness of antibiotics owing
to their repeated exposure as well as a short-lasting antimicrobial activity led to the demand for
developing novel therapeutic agents capable of controlling microbial infections.

Objective:
In this study, we report the antimicrobial activity of chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles
(cAgNPs) augmented with ampicillin (amp) in order to increase antimicrobial response
against Escherichia coli (gram –ve), Staphylococcus aureus (gram +ve) and Streptococcus mutans
(gram +ve).

Methods:
Nanostructure, colloidal stability, morphology and size of cAgNPs before and after
functionalization were explored by UV-vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, zeta potential and TEM. The
formation and functionalization of cAgNPs were confirmed from UV-vis spectroscopy and FT-IR
patterns. From TEM, the average sizes of cAgNPs and cAgNP-amp were found to be 13 and 7.8
nm, respectively, and change in colloidal stability after augmentation was confirmed from zeta potential
values. The antimicrobial efficacies of cAgNP-amp and cAgNPs against E. coli S. aureus
and S. mutans were studied by determining Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs), zone of
inhibition, assessment of viable and non-viable bacterial cells and quantitative assessment of biofilm.

Results & Discussion:
Our results revealed cAgNP-amp to be highly bactericidal compared to
cAgNPs or amp alone. The nano-toxicity studies indicated cAgNP-amp to be less toxic compared
to cAgNPs alone.

Conclusion:
This study manifested that cAgNPs show synergistic antimicrobial effects when they
get functionalized with amp suggesting their application in curing long-term bacterial infections.
Salivary Aβ Secretion and Altered Oral Microbiome in Mouse Models of AD
Authors: Floden Angela M. , Sohrabi Mona , Nookala Suba , Cao Jay J. , Combs Colin K. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Beta amyloid (Aβ) peptide containing plaque aggregations in the brain are a
hallmark of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). However, Aβ is produced by cell types outside of the brain
suggesting that the peptide may serve a broad physiologic purpose.

Objective:
Based upon our prior work documenting expression of amyloid β precursor protein (APP)
in intestinal epithelium we hypothesized that salivary epithelium might also express APP and be a
source of Aβ.

Methods:
To begin testing this idea, we compared human age-matched control and AD salivary glands
to C57BL/6 wild type, AppNL-G-F
, and APP/PS1 mice.

Results:
Both male and female AD, AppNL-G-F
, and APP/PS1 glands demonstrated robust APP and Aβ
immunoreactivity. Female AppNL-G-F mice had significantly higher levels of pilocarpine stimulated Aβ
1-42 compared to both wild type and APP/PS1 mice. No differences in male salivary Aβ levels were
detected. No significant differences in total pilocarpine stimulated saliva volumes were observed in
any group. Both male and female AppNL-G-F but not APP/PS1 mice demonstrated significant differences
in oral microbiome phylum and genus abundance compared to wild type mice. Male, but not female,
APP/PS1 and AppNL-G-F
mice had significantly thinner molar enamel compared to their wild type counterparts.

Conclusion:
These data support the idea that oral microbiome changes exist during AD in addition to
changes in salivary Aβ and oral health.
The Role of Justicia adhatoda as Prophylaxis for COVID-19 – Analysis
Based on Docking
Authors: Thangaraju Pugazhenthan , Sudha TY Sree , Pasala Praveen Kumar , Hari TY Sri , Venkatesan Sajitha , Thangaraju Eswaran 
Published: January 2021

:
Coronavirus cause severe harm to the health of both humans as well as animals, creating a major global health
problem affecting millions of populations. Considering situational emergency of identifying novel targeted therapy, we have
chosen herbal compound Adathoda justice/ vasica which is high potent olden vital compound having key role in various
respiratory conditions with multiple beneficial uses. Adathoda is promoted and supported by the Ministry of AYUSH for
symptomatic management of respiratory ailments in case of COVID 19. In this study, we focused Adathoda primary active
alkaloid vasicine efficacy against coronavirus infectious symptoms, evaluated by in Silico screening studies on virus
proteins ACE 2 Receptor, 3CL protease and Spike protein SARS HR1 motif using PyRx tool and AutoDoc 1.5.6. Based on
PyRx results, Vasicine with ACE 2 Receptor shown higher docking affinity score -7.1 K/cal respectively when compared to
other virus proteins. AutoDoc 1.5.6 screening study report showed that vasicine promotes good inhibitory constant 486.54
mM on 3CL protease more than others. Results reveal that the vasicine could be a potential target for the treatment of
COVID 19. This study adds strong evidence to the claim by the advisory released by AYUSH. Based on the results with
available literature Adathoda could be a drug helpful in relieving symptoms in non COVID cases those who were
quarantined or in lockdown pace thereby reducing pandemic panic and in confirmed asymptomatic or mild cases. For usage
in moderate to severe cases this could be an add on therapy with existing modern medical therapy.
Mayapuri Radiological Catastrophe: Good Practices and the Lessons
Learnt
Authors: Sharma Rakesh Kumar , Sharma Sandeep , Singh Rajesh Kumar 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Advances in the peaceful applications of ionizing radiation have brought in its wake the
inevitable concern about radioactivity. Almost a decade ago, an infamous unprecedented radiological exposure incident
occurred in Delhi, which has not only some positive aspects for imbibing good practices to emulate but also lessons learnt
to further improvise the overall management, respectively.

Objective:
The Mayapuri incident at Delhi exposed the lack of awareness and laxity on the part of University of Delhi
authorities in disposing of the Cobalt Irradiator, and the further insecure handling of the orphan radioactive source. Since
an occurrence like this was unparalleled, it was necessary to flag all interlinked issues and put in place a technology
management system which should address them.

Methods:
The methodology includes an in-depth discussion about the good practices and lessons learnt of the thenexisting techno-legal systems and the response mechanism to the Mayapuri radiological incident from various
departments of repute, both governmental as well as non-governmental.

Result and Conclusion:
The present article attempts to intensify pragmatic approaches to proactively avert and thwart
‘orphan source’ incidents like the Mayapuri radiological incident so that threat to the society is minimal, and putting in
place enhanced medical preparedness measures for the management of radiation casualties caused by ignorance,
negligence, incompetence, accident, or malicious intention.
Novel Strategies and Model Studies for Colon Targeted Drug Delivery
Authors: Ameen Muath Sheet Mohammed , Malviya Rishabha , Porwal Omji , Anwar Esra Tariq , Pant Sumedha , Sharma Akanksha 
Published: January 2021

:
Targeting drugs with controlled release characteristics to the colon is gaining importance
for localized action as well as to improve the systemic availability of peptides and proteins.

:
The present manuscript aims to describe the various approaches and model study for colon targeted drug delivery.

:
Drugs that have low absorption window are targeted into in the colonic regions using different novel
technologies such as microparticulate system, prodrugs, pH and time dependent polymeric, effervescent and noneffervescent systems etc. Along with this it manuscript also describes the model study for colon targeting.

:
Colon targeted drug delivery system offers the potential therapeutic benefits to patients in terms of both local
and systemic treatment. These drugs can be directly targeted in the colon which helps in the reducing systemic side
effects.
Design and Analysis of Fibonacci Based TGO Compared with Real-time
Mesh using Graph Invariant Technique
Authors: Amiripalli Shanmuk Srinivas , Bobba Veeramallu , Srinivasu P. Naga 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Graph analytics is one of the foremost established and unique strategies utilized
in taking care of present-day designing issues. In this study, this procedure was applied to networks.
The connectivity of gadgets is one of the intense issues distinguished in wireless systems. To
deal with this issue, a unique Fibonacci-based TGO was proposed for a superior network.

Methods:
The proposed model attempts to construct a trimet graph based on the Fibonacci arrangement,
implying that a cluster is formed with 3, 5, 8, 13, 21... hubs. To frame Fibonacci-based TGO,
each of these hubs is recursively connected with a trimet diagram. For the random regular graph, the
practical mesh is invariant. Edges, diameter, average degree, average clustering, density, and average
shortest path are currently being compared for both meshes.

Results:
Fibonacci TGO has approximately 50 edges at 100 nodes and a constant diameter of 4. The
average degree of Fibonacci TGO is less, which is approximately 3, having 0.7 high average clustering
over random regular. As the number of nodes increases, the density decreases.TGO is having a
better path than the random regular model. Finally, Fibonacci TGO mesh has better performance and
connectivity over real-time meshes in wireless networks.

Conclusion:
We have proposed Fibonacci-based TGO mesh in the following steps. This formation is
split into two stages. Fibonacci-dependent trimets based on the input nodes are created in the first
stage, with 3, 5, 8, 13, and 21... nodes. These trimets will be connected in the second step to create a
Fibonacci-based TGO. Both meshes are now being studied using network science parameters. In any
scenario, Fibonacci-based TGO has better connectivity over the real-time random mesh. The NetworkX
package in the Python language is used to produce the results automatically.
Study of SARS-nCoV2 Indian Isolates Gaining Insights into Mutation Frequencies, Protein Stability and Prospective Effect on Pathogenicity
Authors: Uttarkar Akshay , Niranjan Vidya , Pandit Shivam , Subash Srividya 
Published: January 2021

Background:
SARS-nCOV-2 is a variant of the known SARS coronavirus family. The mutations in viruses are
very rapid and can play a crucial role in the evolution or devolution of the organism. This has a direct impact on “host
jumping” and pathogenicity of the virus.

Objective:
The study aims to understand the frequency of genomic variations that have occurred in the virus affecting the
Indian sub-population. The impact of variations translating to proteins and its consequences affecting protein stability and
interaction were studied.

Method:
Phylogenetic analysis of the 140 genomes from the India region was performed, followed by SNP and Indel
analysis of both CDS and non-CDS regions. This effort was followed by a prediction of mutations occurring in 8 proteins of
interest and the impact on protein stability and prospective drug interactions.

Results:
Genomes showed variability in origin, and major branches can be mapped to the 2002 outbreak of SARS. The
mutation frequency in CDS regions showed that 241 C >T, 3037 C >T, 2836 C >T, and 6312 C >A occurred in 81.5 % of
genomes mapping to major genes. Corresponding mutations were mapped to protein sequences. The effect of mutations
occurring in spike glycoprotein, RNA dependent RNA polymerase, nsp8, nucleocapsid and 3c protease were also mapped.

Conclusion:
Whilst the mutations in spike glycoprotein showcased an increase in protein stability, the residues undergoing
mutations were also a part of drug binding pockets for hydroxychloroquine. Mutations occurring in other proteins of interest
were leading to a decrease in protein stability. The mutations were also a part of drug binding pockets for Favipiravir,
Remdesivir and Dexamethasone. The work promotes the will to analyse larger datasets to understand mutation pattern
globally.
Sustainable Urban Streetscape: Managing trees as green infrastructure
Authors: Zairuddin Nor Syafiqah , Othman Noriah , Abdul Malek Nurhayati 
Published: January 2021

Green and grey infrastructure plays a significant role in exposing the quality to the urban streetscape. The establishment and post-execution of streetscape planting management practice become a marking factor in measuring the sustainability of roadside tree planting. Due to the acceleration of the urbanization, conflicts in growing healthy roadside tree planting keep arising. Hence, this study is to deliver a discussion of non-numerical data on the potential attributes and approaches that can be adopted and adapted in Malaysia for a better quality of streetscape tree planting practices.
Keywords: Streetscape Design; Roadside Tree Planting; Tree Sensitive Urban Design Theory
eISSN 2398-4295 ©2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers (AMER); Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians / Africans / Arabians (ABRA); Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies (cE-Bs), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v5i19.193
Predicting Public Uptake of Digital Contact Tracing During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results From a Nationwide Survey in Singapore
Authors: Saw Young Ern , Tan Edina Yi-Qin , Liu Jessica Shijia , Liu Jean CJ 
Published: January 2021

Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, new digital solutions have been developed for infection control. In particular, contact tracing mobile apps provide a means for governments to manage both health and economic concerns. However, public reception of these apps is paramount to their success, and global uptake rates have been low.

Objective
In this study, we sought to identify the characteristics of individuals or factors potentially associated with voluntary downloads of a contact tracing mobile app in Singapore.

Methods
A cohort of 505 adults from the general community completed an online survey. As the primary outcome measure, participants were asked to indicate whether they had downloaded the contact tracing app TraceTogether introduced at the national level. The following were assessed as predictor variables: (1) participant demographics, (2) behavioral modifications on account of the pandemic, and (3) pandemic severity (the number of cases and lockdown status).

Results
Within our data set, the strongest predictor of the uptake of TraceTogether was the extent to which individuals had already adjusted their lifestyles because of the pandemic (z=13.56; P<.001). Network analyses revealed that uptake was most related to the following: using hand sanitizers, avoiding public transport, and preferring outdoor over indoor venues during the pandemic. However, demographic and situational characteristics were not significantly associated with app downloads.

Conclusions
Efforts to introduce contact tracing apps could capitalize on pandemic-related behavioral adjustments among individuals. Given that a large number of individuals is required to download contact tracing apps for contact tracing to be effective, further studies are required to understand how citizens respond to contact tracing apps.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04468581, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04468581
ACUTE TOXICITY OF MERCURY CHLORIDE TO TRICHOPTERA LARVAE
Authors: Hasriyanty Hasriyanty - , Anshary Alam , Saleh Shahabuddin , Yunus Moh. 
Published: January 2021

Mercury waste from gold mining activities that contaminate the environment is very harmful to the living organisms including aquatic insects. This study aims to analyze the acute toxicity of mercury on Trichoptera larvae that commonly used as a bioindicator of water quality.The study was arranged in a completely randomized design with six-levels of mercury chloride (HgCl2) concentrations, namely: 0.00; 0.001; 0.005; 0.1; 0.2; and 0.3 mg / l HgCl2. A total of 20 insects larvae were used for each concentration and the insect mortality was observed in four times (30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes). The results showed that the mortality of Trichoptera larvae had occurred at 30 minutes after observation. The LC-50 value of mercury chloride against Trichoptera was 0.048 ppm. Larval mortality increased with the increase of the mercury concentration and the exposure time. These results indicate the acute toxicity of mercury chloride to Trichoptera larvae. The effect of mercury on morphological changes of the Trichoptera larvae is also observed and discussed.