bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“They created a team of almost entirely the people who work and are like them”: A qualitative study of organisational culture and racialised inequalities among healthcare staff
Authors: Woodhead Charlotte , Stoll Nkasi , Harwood Hannah ,   TIDES Study Team, Alexis Obrey , Hatch Stephani L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRacially and ethnically minoritised healthcare staff groups disproportionately experience and witness workplace discrimination from patients, colleagues and managers. This is visible in their under‐representation at senior levels and over‐representation in disciplinary proceedings and is associated with adversities such as greater depression, anxiety, somatic symptoms, low job satisfaction and sickness absence. In the UK, little progress has been made despite the implementation of measures to tackle racialised inequities in the health services. So, what is it about the health service organisational context which shapes and maintains such inequities, and what role does discrimination, bullying and harassment play? Drawing on qualitative interviews with 48 healthcare staff in London (UK), we identify how micro‐level bullying, prejudice, discrimination and harassment behaviours, independently and in combination, exploit and maintain meso‐level racialised hierarchies. Within teams, the high diversity–low inclusion dynamic shaped and was perpetuated by in‐ and outgroup inclusion and exclusion processes (including “insidious dismissal”) often employing bullying or microaggressions. These were linked to intersecting factors, such as race, ethnicity, migration, language and religion, and could increase segregation. For racially and ethnically minoritised groups, ingroup maintenance, moving teams or leaving were also ways of coping with organisational inequities. We discuss implications for tackling racialised workplace inequities.
Primary EWS/PNET of the lung with TP53 germline and SKT11 somatic mutation: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Zhang Shuangping , Chen Yun , Guo Shiping , Chen Ke‐Neng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrimary pulmonary EWS/PNET is extremely rare. This report describes a 20 year‐old man with primary pulmonary EWS/PNET with TP53 germline and SKT11 somatic mutation. After four neoadjuvant chemotherapy cycles (VAC with alternating IE) combined with anlotinib, a left pneumonectomy was performed. Maintenance anlotinib monotherapy was then continued with no sign of recurrence to date. It is suggested that before the treatment and prognosis of children or young adults with primary EWS/PNET of the lung that consideration should be given to genetic testing.
REcognizing DElirium in geriatric Emergency Medicine: The REDEEM risk stratification score
Authors: Oliveira J. e Silva Lucas , Stanich Jessica A. , Jeffery Molly M. , Mullan Aidan F. , Bower Susan M. , Campbell Ronna L. , Rabinstein Alejandro A. , Pignolo Robert J. , Bellolio Fernanda 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe objective was to derive a risk score that uses variables available early during the emergency department (ED) encounter to identify high‐risk geriatric patients who may benefit from delirium screening.MethodsThis was an observational study of older adults age ≥ 75 years who presented to an academic ED and who were screened for delirium during their ED visit. Variable selection from candidate predictors was performed through a LASSO‐penalized logistic regression. A risk score was derived from the final prediction model, and predictive accuracy characteristics were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsFrom the 967 eligible ED visits, delirium was detected in 107 (11.1%). The area under the curve for the REcognizing DElirium in Emergency Medicine (REDEEM) score was 0.901 (95% CI = 0.864–0.938). The REEDEM risk score included 10 different variables (seven based on triage information and three obtained during early history taking) with a score ranging from –3 to 66. Using an optimal cutoff of ≥11, we found a sensitivity of 84.1% (90 of 107 ED delirium patients, 95% CI = 75.5%–90.2%) and a specificity of 86.6% (745 of 860 non‐ED delirium patients, 95% CI = 84.1%–88.8%). A lower cutoff of ≥5 was found to minimize false negatives with an improved sensitivity at 91.6% (98 of 107 ED delirium patients, 95% CI = 84.2%–95.8%).ConclusionA risk stratification score was derived with the potential to augment delirium recognition in geriatric ED patients. This has the potential to assist on delirium‐targeted screening of high‐risk patients in the ED. Validation of REDEEM, however, is needed prior to implementation.
Effect of pulsatility on shear‐induced extensional behavior of Von Willebrand factor
Authors: Wang Yi , Nguyen Khanh T. , Ismail Esraa , Donoghue Leslie , Giridharan Guruprasad A. , Sethu Palaniappan , Cheng Xuanhong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with continuous flow ventricular assist devices (CF‐VADs) are at high risk for non‐surgical bleeding, speculated to associate with the loss of pulsatility following CF‐VAD placement. It has been hypothesized that continuous shear stress causes elongation and increased enzymatic degradation of von Willebrand Factor (vWF), a key player in thrombus formation at sites of vascular damage. However, the role of loss of pulsatility on the unravelling behavior of vWF has not been widely explored.MethodsvWF molecules were immobilized on the surface of microfluidic devices and subjected to various pulsatile flow profiles, including continuous flow and pulsatile flow of different magnitudes, dQ/dt (i.e., first derivative of flow rate) of pulsatility and pulse frequencies to mimic in vivo shear flow environments with and without CF‐VAD support. VWF elongation was observed using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy. Besides, the vWF level is measured from the patients’ blood sample before and after CF‐VAD implantation from a clinical perspective. To our knowledge, this work is the first in providing direct, visual observation of single vWF molecule extension under controlled‐pulsatile shear flow.ResultsUnravelling of vWF (total sample size n ~ 200 molecules) is significantly reduced under pulsatile flow (p < 0.01) compared to continuous flow. An increase in the magnitude of pulsatility further reduces unravelling lengths, while lower frequency of pulsatility (20 vs. 60 pulses per min) does not have a major effect on the maximum or minimum unravelling lengths. Evaluation of CF‐VAD patient blood samples (n = 13) demonstrates that vWF levels decreased by ~40% following CF‐VAD placement (p < 0.01), which correlates to single‐molecule observations from a clinical point of view.ConclusionsPulsatile flow reduces unfolding of vWF compared to continuous flow and a lower pulse frequency of 20 pulses/minute yielded comparable vWF unfolding to 60 pulses/minute. These findings could shed light on non‐surgical bleeding associated with the loss of pulsatility following CF‐VAD placement.
The impact of gastrointestinal conditions on psychosocial factors associated with the biopsychosocial model of health: A scoping review
Authors: Dent Elizabeth , Davinson Nicola , Wilkie Stephanie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe increase in the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) conditions is an emerging global health concern. Studies of the impact on the lives of individuals living with GI conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) typically focus on biological elements, such as symptomology and treatment efficacy. Comparatively fewer studies have explored the psychological and social aspects of GI conditions, which could provide key information needed to better understand the impact of GI conditions on people and their lived experiences. In this review, existing literature concerning the psychosocial factors and well‐being outcomes associated with GI conditions was reviewed using a scoping methodology. Sixty‐eight studies were selected for inclusion. Of these studies, the well‐being outcomes most frequently addressed, for both IBS and IBD, were quality of life and health‐related quality of life, and the most frequently addressed psychosocial factors were social support and coping. These outcomes are largely consistent with those identified for other medical conditions explored using the biopsychosocial model of health, with some exploration of the lived experiences of those with a GI condition.
Natural killer cells in liver transplantation: Can we harness the power of the immune checkpoint to promote tolerance?
Authors: Halma Jennifer , Pierce Stephen , McLennan Rebecca , Bradley Todd , Fischer Ryan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe roles that natural killer (NK) cells play in liver disease and transplantation remain ill‐defined. Reports on the matter are often contradictory, and the mechanisms elucidated are complex and dependent on the context of the model tested. Moreover, NK cell attributes, such as receptor protein expression and function differ among species, make study of primate or rodent transplant models challenging. Recent insights into NK function and NK‐mediated therapy in the context of cancer therapy may prove applicable to transplantation. Of specific interest are immune checkpoint molecules and the mechanisms by which they modulate NK cells in the tumor micro‐environment. In this review, we summarize NK cell populations in the peripheral blood and liver, and we explore the data regarding the expression and function of immune checkpoint molecules on NK cells. We also hypothesize about the roles they could play in liver transplantation and discuss how they might be harnessed therapeutically in transplant sciences.
Plasticity in rotifer morphology induced by conflicting threats from multiple predators
Authors: Zhang Huan , He Yuhan , He Liang , Zhao Kangshun , García Molinos Jorge , Hansson Lars‐Anders , Xu Jun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOne of the major research goals in ecology is to understand predator–prey interactions. However, our understanding of how prey express phenotypic plasticity in response to co‐occurring multiple predators is limited in many systems.Here, we use the rotiferBrachionus calyciflorusas model organism to test how prey responds to co‐occurring predators through a series of related experiments. Firstly, we examined the effects of the density of a fish predatorCarassius auratuson morphological traits inB. calyciflorus. Secondly, we examined the effects of larvalC. auratusandAsplanchna brightwellii(a rotifer predator) on morphological defensive traits (body length, body width, anterior spine length, and posterolateral spine length) ofB. calyciflorus.We show thatB. calyciflorusdevelops smaller body size and shorter spine length when exposed to media conditioned using larval fish, and that high larval fish densities induce more pronounced responses than low densities. We also show thatB. calyciflorusis able to discriminate between the two predators by producing opposing morphological adaptations (i.e., larger body size and longer posterolateral spines againstA. brightwellii,but smaller body size and shorter spine length when exposed to the visual predator [larval fish]). However,B. calyciflorusdevelops intermediate, trade‐off responses in all morphological traits when exposed to conflicting threats from a combination of predators with different size and feeding strategies.These results show how prey are not necessarily passive victims, but rather, use countermeasures against predation – they actively develop responses to counteract their vulnerability to different predators by rapidly adjusting their morphology and life‐history traits to the existing predator regimes.
Geographies of the urban underground
Authors: Connor Andrea , McNeill Donald 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe underground as an active element of spatiality has started to receive increasing attention in the scholarly literature. This paper describes how a growing interest in the vertical and volumetric within urban geography has started to challenge a prevailing ‘horizontalism’ within geographical conceptualisations of urban space. The paper has three parts. It identifies: the emergence of new approaches to spatial forms based around verticality and volume; concepts of urban governance that take account of the composite material volumes and non‐human agency of the subterranean sphere; and interpretations of the Anthropocene that offer new perspectives on the constitution of the subterranean of cities.
A review of the research during 2010–2019 on evidence‐based treatments for couple relationship distress
Authors: Doss Brian D. , Roddy McKenzie K. , Wiebe Stephanie A. , Johnson Susan M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe current article presents a review of the published research from 2010 to 2019 on the treatment of couple relationship distress; 37 studies met all criteria for inclusion. Behavioral Couple Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Couple Therapy, Emotionally Focused Therapy, and Integrative Behavioral Couple Therapy meet criteria as “well‐established” approaches, Insight‐Oriented Couple Therapy is a “possibly efficacious” approach, and several other others are “experimental” treatments for treating couple relationship distress (Southam‐Gerow & Prinstein, 2014). Furthermore, several less‐intensive interventions—the Marriage Check‐up, OurRelationship, and Hold Me Tight programs—have generated substantial support for their ability to improve relationships and are classified as “well‐established” or “probably efficacious” interventions. We recommend that future research focus on expanding the reach of evidence‐based interventions across a range of settings and populations, deepening our understanding of the mechanisms of change and underlying factors in the change process across approaches, and improving treatment success through treatment matching and progress monitoring.
Construction of nursing‐sensitive quality indicators for cardiac catheterisation: A Delphi study and an analytic hierarchy process
Authors: Shen Zhiyun , Qin Wei , Zhu Li , Lin Ying , Ling Huaxing , Zhang Yuxia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundNursing care can profoundly reduce the risk of emergencies related to cardiac catheterisation. Therefore, identifying nursing‐sensitive quality indicators (NSQIs) to evaluate nursing quality is critical for optimal cardiac catheterisation. However, studies on NSQIs for cardiac catheterisation are scarce.ObjectivesThis study was conducted to develop a set of NSQIs for cardiac catheterisation.MethodsLiterature retrieval and expert group discussions were conducted to identify potential NSQIs and compile an inquiry questionnaire. Then, Delphi surveys were used to collect opinions from experts in the field of cardiac catheterisation. The consistency of the consultation results formed the basis on which we conducted the next rounds of consultation. Based on the importance given to each NSQI by the consulted experts in the previous round, we determined the weight coefficient of each indicator with the analytic hierarchy process. This study was performed according to the SRQR guidelines.ResultsWe conducted two rounds of expert inquiry. The recovery rates of the first and second questionnaires were 100% and 66.67%, respectively. The average authoritative coefficients were 0.86 and 0.91. The Kendall W values ranged from 0.214~0.361 (p < .001). Consensus was reached on 3 primary indicators, 8 secondary indicators and 20 tertiary indicators.ConclusionsA set of NSQIs for cardiac catheterisation was developed. However, the effects of these NSQIs on the evaluation and continuous improvement of nursing quality in cardiac catheterisation need to be verified in clinical practice.
Effectiveness of interventions used to prepare preschool children and their parents for day surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Kerimaa Heli , Ruotsalainen Heidi , Kyngäs Helvi , Miettunen Jouko , Pölkki Tarja 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate how effective preparatory interventions for paediatric day surgery are at reducing parents’ anxiety and stress and children's pain and fear.MethodsA systematic review was conducted according to Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines and reported using the PRISMA 2020 checklist. PubMed, CINAHL (EBSCO), Scopus, Medic and Web of Science were screened for original research published up until December 2020, while Mednar and EBSCO Open Dissertations were used to identify any relevant grey literature. The methodological quality and risks of bias were evaluated according to JBI guidelines by two authors. The eligibility criteria were parents of a preschool (2‐ to 6‐year‐old) child going through day surgery with preparatory interventions, outcomes measured anxiety, stress (parent), fear and pain (child), and randomised controlled trial (RCT).ResultsTwo thousand and three hundred and fourteen RCTs were screened. Fifteen studies (including 1514 participants) were chosen for narrative synthesis of parental anxiety and stress and children's fear and pain. Nine studies underwent a meta‐analysis of parental anxiety (n = 970). The interventions were categorised as functional, informative or a combination of both. Four interventions reduced parents' anxiety while two significantly alleviated children's postoperative pain. The interventions found to be effective combined various ways of providing information. The meta‐analysis did reveal a statistically significant impact on parents' anxiety (SMD =0.22, 95% Cl [0.03, 0.41], z = 2.28, p = .023). None of the studies dealt with parental stress or fear in children.ConclusionsThe studied interventions used various preparatory approaches, some of which were effective at reducing parental anxiety. More RCT studies are needed to find the most effective methods for preparing parents and their children for day surgery.Relevance to Clinical PracticePreparation for day surgery through appropriate interventions can reduce anxiety among parents and postoperative pain in children.
Feasibility of a mobile cardiotocogram device for fetal heart rate self‐monitoring in low‐risk singleton pregnant women
Authors: Tamaru Shunsuke , Jwa Seung Chik , Ono Yoshihisa , Seki Hiroyuki , Matsui Haruka , Fujii Tatsuya , Iriyama Takayuki , Doi Koutarou , Sameshima Hiroshi , Naruse Katsuhiko , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Yoshida Rie , Nishi Hirotaka , Hirata Yoshiyasu , Fukushima Kotaro , Hirakawa Toshio , Nakano Yoshihiro , Asakawa Yasuyuki , Tsunoda Yutaka , Oda Toshimitsu , Nii Shigeru , Fujii Tomoyuki , Kinoshita Katsuyuki , Kamei Yoshimasa 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to clarify the feasibility of a mobile cardiotocogram (CTG) device for self‐monitoring fetal heart rate (FHR) in low‐risk singleton pregnant women.MethodsThis study was conducted at six university hospitals and seven maternity clinics in Japan. Using a mobile cardiotocogram device (iCTG, Melody International Ltd., Kagawa, Japan), participants of more than 34 gestational weeks measured the FHR by themselves at least once a week until hospitalization for delivery. We evaluated the acquisition rate of evaluable FHR recordings and the frequency of abnormal FHR patterns according to the CTG classification system of the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (JSOG). The participants also underwent a questionnaire survey after delivery to evaluate their satisfaction level of self‐monitoring FHR using the mobile CTG device.ResultsA total of 1278 FHR recordings from 101 women were analyzed. Among them, 1276 (99.8%) were readable for more than 10 min continuously, and the median percentage of the total readable period in each recording was 98.9% (range, 51.4–100). According to the JSOG classification system, 1245 (97.6%), 9 (0.7%), 18 (1.4%), and four (0.3%) FHR patterns were classified as levels 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The questionnaire survey revealed high participant satisfaction with FHR self‐monitoring using the iCTG.ConclusionThe mobile CTG device is a feasible tool for self‐monitoring FHR, with a high participant satisfaction level.
Proposal for determining valence and arousal thresholds: Compromised pleasure threshold, unpleasure threshold, and arousal threshold
Authors: Pinto Vinícius Rodrigues Arruda , Lima Filho Tarcísio , Minim Valéria Paula Rodrigues , Della Lucia Suzana Maria , de Souza Louise Bergamin Athayde , da Silva Fernanda Lopes , Vidigal Márcia Cristina Teixeira Ribeiro , de Carvalho Antônio Fernandes , Perrone Ítalo Tuler 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIndividuals' emotions have been studied for nearly half a century, but the literature has not advanced to the point of estimating the intensity of a stimulus capable of influencing valence and arousal. The aim of this study was to elucidate three new thresholds: the valence thresholds, represented by the compromised pleasure threshold (CPT) and unpleasure threshold (UT), and the arousal threshold (AT). Valence and arousal ratings were obtained through the affective slider (AS), and CPT, UT, and AT were determined for images of moldy Brazilian carrot cake. Results showed CPT occurs after 1.9 days of deterioration and the AT is reached after 10.5 days of deterioration. The moldy carrot cake was valenced negatively, in the low‐arousal region. The methodology was shown to be appropriate for measuring emotion thresholds, which highlights its potential to generate deeper understanding of consumers' perceptions of valence and arousal.Practical ApplicationsWhen it comes to emotion‐driven food choices, emotion thresholds methodology can help in the monitoring of unhealthy food choices, because it will be able to provide thresholds corresponding to variables capable of significantly influencing the consumer's mood. Likewise, they may also be useful to industry, public policymakers, and health professionals, in order to facilitate the identification of the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that improve the mood of the consumer. Mitigation efforts can focus on the relationship between eating disorders and negative emotional states, which affect CPT, UT, and AT and, in turn, decision‐making. We propose that identifying the psychophysiological reactions to comforting stimuli allows us to examine differences in food processing cues among individuals with eating disorders (e.g., compulsive eating, anorexia, and bulimia), and how they shape emotion thresholds. This creates opportunities for psychoeducational interventions and improvements in decision‐making.
Textural properties and consumer preference of functional milk puddings fortified with apricot kernel extracts
Authors: Li Dengyun , Zhang Yifang , Jiang Ru , He Wenmeng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBoth the demand for functional foods and their consumption have increased rapidly in recent years. Apricot kernels, originated in China, are rich in dietary protein, fat, fiber, and exhibit high antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The effects of the agar–gelatin ratio and milk volume on the texture of apricot kernel milk puddings were evaluated. Texture profile analysis indicated that increasing volumes of agar and milk contributed to the hardness and gumminess but reduced the cohesiveness of puddings. The pudding sample S2 (250 ml of milk, 200 ml of water, 60 g of raw apricot kernels, 30 g of sugar, 5 g of gelatin, and 2 g of agar) was ultimately determined as the essential texture matrix prototype for further development of puddings. The effects of the ratio of raw apricot kernels to roasted apricot kernels and cream content in puddings on consumer preference were determined by quantitative descriptive analysis and consumer testing. Both quantitative descriptive analysis and external preference mapping of all puddings (12 samples) indicated that the pudding sample P6 (250 ml of milk, 200 ml of water, 40 g of raw apricot kernels, 20 g of roasted apricot kernels, 40 g of cream, 30 g of sugar, 5 g of gelatin, and 2 g of agar) showed enhanced consumer acceptance. The properties driving preference for P6 were oral smoothness, overall flavor, degree of roast, and milky taste. P6 was ultimately selected as the prototype to incorporate apricot kernels for the development of functional milk puddings with fortified essential nutrients.