bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an environmental DNA assay and field validation for the detection of invasive pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha
Authors: Gargan Laura M. , Mo Tor A. , Carlsson Jeanette E. L. , Ball Bernard , Fossøy Frode , Carlsson Jens 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha was introduced from its native range in the Pacific to Northwest Russia several times since the 1950s. While this species has been regularly observed in rivers in northern Norway since then, there has been an upsurge in the numbers of odd‐year O. gorbuscha individuals observed in rivers, particularly in northern Norway in recent years, and particularly in 2017 and 2019.

In the present pilot study, an assay was developed to detect O. gorbuscha from eDNA water samples. Positive control water samples were taken at two locations of the River Signaldalselva in northern Norway during the summer of 2019, when adults were spawning in the river. Samples showed positive detection of this species in the river, while negative control samples collected upstream migration barriers in central and southern Norway confirmed the absence of the target species.

These findings reveal that eDNA‐based methods can be used to track the ongoing O. gorbuscha invasion of northern Europe and other regions where it might be or become invasive.
Another look at energetically quasi‐degenerate structures of the gold cluster Au27q with q = 1, 0, −1
Authors: Nhat Pham Vu , Si Nguyen Thanh , Kiselev Vitaly G. , Nguyen Minh Tho 
Published: August 2021

AbstractQuantum chemical computations were used to reinvestigate the geometries, spectroscopic, and energetic properties of the gold clusters Au27q in three charge states (q = 1, 0, −1). Density functional theory (DFT) and the domain‐based local pair natural orbital modification of the coupled‐cluster theory DLPNO‐CCSD(T) calculations revealed that, at variance with earlier reports in the literature, while the anion Au27− tends to exist in a tube‐like form, both the lowest‐energy Au27 and Au27+ isomers exhibit a pyramidal shape. However, several isomers were found to lie very close in energy, thus rendering a structural transition and their coexistence easy to occur. More specifically, the equilibrium geometry of the neutral Au27 is a core‐shell pyramid‐like structure with one gold atom located inside. We also identified a novel ground state for the anion Au27− and located for the first time the global minimum of the cation Au27+. The vertical detachment energies of the neutral and anionic states were also computed and used to assign the available experimental photoelectron spectra. Although many Au27 isomers were predicted to be energetically quasi‐degenerate, the corresponding distinctive vibrational signatures can be used as fingerprints for the identification of cluster geometrical features.
Oral Somatosensory Sensitivity in Patients With Taste Disturbance
Authors: Bogdanov Vasyl , Reinhard Jule , McGlone Francis , Haehner Antje , Simons Chris T , Hummel Thomas 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveThe significance of the human sense of taste is typically underestimated until it is altered or even lost. Hypogeusia, a diminished capacity to taste, has an adverse influence on a patient's quality of life. Similar to interactions between the oral senses and between olfaction and intranasal trigeminal sensitivity, taste disturbance may also affect the mechanosensitivity of the tongue. In this study, we investigated the lingual tactile sensitivity of patients with subjective taste disturbance and people with normogeusia.Study DesignProspective case‐control study.MethodsForty‐six patients with subjective taste disturbance (mean age 60 years) and 43 participants with normogeusia (mean age 55 years) were enrolled and underwent a stereognostic test of edge and point sensitivity based on 3D‐printed letters sized from 2 to 8 mm. Gustatory function and salivary production were also tested.ResultsPatients with dysgeusia needed significantly bigger letters to recognize them compared with controls (P = .01). Apart from this, patients with dysgeusia had no significant association between gustatory function and salivary production. Duration of dysgeusia and age were not associated with the presently obtained measures of gustatory or oral mechanosensory function.ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that taste dysfunction has a negative impact on oral mechanosensitivity and hence possibly on oral texture perception.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:2572–2577, 2021
Assessment of the effects of mimicking tissue microstructural properties on apparent diffusion coefficient and apparent exchange rate in diffusion MRI via a series of specially designed phantoms
Authors: Li Xiaodong , Bai Yafei , Liao Yupeng , Xin Sherman Xuegang 
Published: August 2021

PurposeDiffusion MRI provides a valuable tool for imaging tissue microstructure. However, due to the lack of related experimental methods and specially designed phantoms, no experimental study has been conducted yet to quantitatively assess the effects of membrane permeability, intracellular volume fraction (IVF), and intracellular diffusivity on the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) obtained from diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), and the effects of membrane permeability on the apparent exchange rate (AXR) obtained from filter exchange imaging (FEXI).MethodsA series of phantoms with three adjustable parameters was designed to mimic tissue microstructural properties including membrane permeability, IVF, and intracellular diffusivity. Quantitative experiments were conducted to assess the effects of these properties on ADC and AXR. DWI scans were performed to obtain axial and radial ADC values. FEXI scans were performed to obtain AXR values.ResultsAxial ADC values range from 1.148 μm2/ms to 2.157 μm2/ms, and radial ADC values range from 0.904 μm2/ms to 2.067 μm2/ms. Radial ADC decreased with a decrease in fiber permeability. Decreased axial and radial ADC values with increased intra‐fiber volume fraction, and increased polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) concentration of the intra‐fiber space were observed. AXR values range from 2.1 s−1 to 4.9 s−1. AXR increases with fiber permeability.ConclusionThe proposed phantoms can quantitatively evaluate the effects of mimicking tissue microstructural properties on ADC and AXR. This new phantom design provides a potential method for further understanding the biophysical mechanisms underlying the change in ADC and diffusion exchange.
Prevalence and distribution of high‐risk prescription opioid use in the United States, 2011–2016
Authors: McCormick Carter D. , Dadiomov David , Trotzky‐Sirr Rebecca , Qato Dima M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeDespite the efforts of many stakeholders to reduce the risk of opioid overdose, there is limited information on the prevalence of high‐risk prescription opioid use in the US.MethodsDescriptive analysis of a nationally representative 5% random sample of anonymized, longitudinal, individual‐level prescription claims from IQVIA LRx between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2016 among individuals ages 18 years or older that used a retail pharmacy. High‐risk opioid use was defined as ≥50 morphine milligram equivalents per day and/or having concurrent dispensing of a benzodiazepine based on overlapping days of coverage.ResultsThe prevalence of high‐risk opioid use among adults in the US decreased from 12.0% in 2011 to 9.4% in 2016 (p < 0.01). Declines were most pronounced among individuals ages 18–35 years (10.9%–7.0%, 36.2% decline; p < 0.01) compared to individuals age 65 years or greater (10.5%–9.8%, 6.7% decline; p < 0.01). Declines in high‐risk use prevalence were observed across 49 states, with only South Dakota experiencing an increase (+13.7% relative increase). Similar to earlier years, in 2016 50.9% of all high‐risk use opioid users received all their opioid prescriptions from a single prescriber, and 71.1% used a single pharmacy to fill them.ConclusionDespite clinically significant declines in high‐risk opioid use, in 2016 nearly 1 in 10 adult retail pharmacy users remained at high‐risk for opioid overdose in the US. Future clinical and policy interventions should consider targeting older adults with Medicare Part‐D, including those using a single pharmacy to fill their opioid prescriptions.
Multiple cerebral infarctions in ROS1‐rearranged lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ikushima Hiroaki , Hiraishi Yoshihisa , Toriumi Kanto , Ando Takahiro , Tamiya Hiroyuki , Ishida Junichi , Amano Yosuke , Kage Hidenori , Tanaka Goh , Nagase Takahide 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRearrangements of specific tyrosine kinases are associated with an elevated risk of venous thrombosis in lung adenocarcinoma, although their effects on arterial thrombosis have not been fully elucidated. Here, we report two cases of ROS proto‐oncogene 1 (ROS1)‐rearranged lung adenocarcinoma with cerebral infarction during the peri‐diagnostic period. Two cases took contrasting clinical courses: one patient could not receive targeted therapy because of a significant decline in performance status, whereas in the other patient, the performance status was maintained and targeted therapy drastically reduced the tumour size. Our cases suggest close monitoring could be considered in the selected cohort.
Predictive models with end user preference
Authors: Zhao Yifan , Yang Xian , Bolnykh Carolina , Harenberg Steve , Korchiev Nodirbek , Yerramsetty Saavan Raj , Vellanki Bhanu Prasad , Kodumagulla Ramakanth , Samatova Nagiza F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractClassical machine learning models typically try to optimize the model based on the most discriminatory features of the data; however, they do not usually account for end user preferences. In certain applications, this can be a serious issue as models not aware of user preferences could become costly, untrustworthy, or privacy‐intrusive to use, thus becoming irrelevant and/or uninterpretable. Ideally, end users with domain knowledge could propose preferable features that the predictive model could then take into account. In this paper, we propose a generic modeling method that respects end user preferences via a relative ranking system to express multi‐criteria preferences and a regularization term in the model's objective function to incorporate the ranked preferences. In a more generic perspective, this method is able to plug user preferences into existing predictive models without creating completely new ones. We implement this method in the context of decision trees and are able to achieve a comparable classification accuracy while reducing the use of undesirable features.
52.5: Influence of magnet deflection on after value and shadow in OLED coating
Authors: Wenyue Fu , Haoran Gao , Guangcai Yuan 
Published: August 2021

In the process of OLED device coating, alignment accuracy is an important factor to determine the resolution and yield of OLED panel. In the process of OLED device, after value is used to indicate the alignment deviation of substrate and mask before and after coating. Therefore, after value is commonly used to indicate the reliability of alignment accuracy in the industry. Among the factors that affect the after value, the magnet's attraction to the block is the most important, and the deflection of magnets with different support structures is very different, which directly leads to the influence of different magnet support structures on the after value. Therefore, this paper analyzes the magnets with different support structures, and verifes them with experiments, and finally obtains the influence trend relationship of magnet support structures on the after value.In addition, the deflection of the magnet also affects the size of the shadow area to a great extent. The influence of the magnet on the after value and shadow is analyzed below.
P‐4.12: Research on Mobile High Frequency Technology Charging Rate
Authors: Ai-yu Ding , Hong Liu , Wei Li , Jian Sun , Jing-Yi Xu , Jian-Yun Xie 
Published: August 2021

As Mobile's refresh rate continues to increase, so do the technical difficulties associated with high refresh rates, one of the most important parameters affecting refresh rates is the charging rate. The increase in refresh rate (frame) will lead to a reduction in charging time and a decrease in the charging rate of pixels, resulting in graphics that ultimately do not achieve the desired display effect; in addition, the increase in refresh rate will also bring about problems such as increased VCOM coupling, which will affect the end‐use experience of the product.The article introduces three options to improve the charging rate from the design and process perspective: 1) increase the gate drive circuit unit (GOA) to enhance the driving capability of the pixel TFT gate and improve the charging rate; 2) increase the W/L and gate drive voltage values of the TFT tube in the panel to increase the open state current according to the calculation formula of the TFT tube open state current; 3) use metal materials with lower square resistance 3) Use metal materials with lower square resistance to reduce the wire resistance and improve the efficiency of signal transmission. At the same time, the thickness of the insulation layer between the Common electrode and the Pixel electrode is increased to reduce the capacitance of the pixel capacitor (Cst), which effectively reduces the coupling value and improves the VCOM coupling. After the above theoretical model calculations and the verification of the introduction of actual products show that each improvement scheme can effectively improve the charging rate of high frequency displays and break through the high frequency technology barrier. The results of this paper also provide an important reference value for the design and production of high refresh rate screens in the future.
Covalently Linked Polymer/Inorganic Hybrid Electrolyte with Ionic Liquid for Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Song Yaduo , Jiang Yanxin , Hu QingQing , Deng Longjiang , Yang Guang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this work, a type of polymer/inorganic hybrid electrolytes (PIHEs) containing imidazolium‐based ionic liquids (ILs) was prepared through polyaddition method. The obtained hybrid electrolytes possess excellent thermal stability (>240 °C), low glass transmission temperature (−46.8 °C) accompanied by good lithium ion transference number (tLi+=0.35). The interaction of Li+ ion with the HEs has been verified by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) tests. Furthermore, high ion conductivity (σ) of 0.97×10−4 S cm−1 at 25 °C was found for this type of PIHEs. At the same time, stable and reversible lithium deposition and dissolution process mediated by the synthesized PIHEs was confirmed by galvanostatic plating/stripping cyclic measurements which reflected its excellent electrochemical stability. This work provides a facile way to construct PIHEs with covalent linkage and decent properties for lithium metal batteries.
Effects of Perilla frutescens var. crispa herb extract, the essential oil perillaldehyde, and the caffeetannin rosmarinic acid on gastric emptying and gastrointestinal motility in mice
Authors: Kimura Yoshiyuki , Taniguchi Masahiko 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTAimRecently, it has been reported that functional gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia, or functional constipation, affect up to 40% of the general people with two‐thirds exhibiting chronic fluctuating symptoms. The Perilla frutescens var. crispa herb is used to treat gastrointestinal diseases in Japan.MethodsThe present study examined the effects of P. frutescens var. crispa herb extract and its two major components, rosmarinic acid and perillaldehyde, on gastric emptying and small‐intestinal motility in atropine‐, dopamine‐, 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT)‐, and 5‐HT3 receptor agonist‐treated mice.ResultsPerilla herb extract and rosmarinic acid attenuated the atropine‐ and dopamine‐induced inhibition of gastric emptying and gastrointestinal motility, while rosmarinic acid did not affect 5‐HT‐induced inhibition. Perillaldehyde ameliorated the 5‐HT‐ and 5‐HT3 receptor agonist‐induced suppression of gastric emptying and gastrointestinal motility. Collectively, these results suggest that gastric emptying and gastrointestinal motility were stimulated by rosmarinic acid in Perilla herb extract through the inhibition of dopamine D2 receptors. In HPLC analysis, the amount of perillaldehyde contained in Perilla herb extract is very small; therefore, we think that perillaldehyde does not contribute to gastrointestinal motility in this extract.ConclusionIn this study, rosmarinic acid in Perilla herb may be effective for functional dyspepsia.
Charming ALPs
Authors: Carmona Adrian , Scherb Christiane , Schwaller Pedro 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Axion-like particles (ALPs) are ubiquitous in models of new physics explaining some of the most pressing puzzles of the Standard Model. However, until relatively recently, little attention has been paid to its interplay with flavour. In this work, we study in detail the phenomenology of ALPs that exclusively interact with up-type quarks at the tree-level, which arise in some well-motivated ultra-violet completions such as QCD-like dark sectors or Froggatt-Nielsen type models of flavour. Our study is performed in the low-energy effective theory to highlight the key features of these scenarios in a model independent way. We derive all the existing constraints on these models and demonstrate how upcoming experiments at fixed-target facilities and the LHC can probe regions of the parameter space which are currently not excluded by cosmological and astrophysical bounds. We also emphasize how a future measurement of the currently unavailable meson decay D → π + invisible could complement these upcoming searches.
Supersymmetry and superstrata in three dimensions
Authors: Houppe Anthony , Warner Nicholas P. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We analyze the supersymmetry transformations of gauged SO(4) supergravity coupled to extra hypermultiplets in three dimensions, and find large families of smooth BPS solutions that preserve four supersymmetries. These BPS solutions are part of the consistent truncation of some families of six-dimensional superstrata. From the three-dimensional perspective, these solutions give rise to “smoothly-capped BTZ” geometries. We show how the twisting of the spin connection, the holomorphy of the fields, and the Chern-Simons connections all play an essential role in the existence of these supersymmetric solutions. This paper also closes the circle on the consistent truncation of superstrata, showing precisely how every feature of the superstratum enters into the three-dimensional BPS structure.
Subsystem complexity after a local quantum quench
Authors: Di Giulio Giuseppe , Tonni Erik 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We study the temporal evolution of the circuit complexity after the local quench where two harmonic chains are suddenly joined, choosing the initial state as the reference state. We discuss numerical results for the complexity for the entire chain and the subsystem complexity for a block of consecutive sites, obtained by exploiting the Fisher information geometry of the covariance matrices. The qualitative behaviour of the temporal evolutions of the subsystem complexity depends on whether the joining point is inside the subsystem. The revivals and a logarithmic growth observed during these temporal evolutions are discussed. When the joining point is outside the subsystem, the temporal evolutions of the subsystem complexity and of the corresponding entanglement entropy are qualitatively similar.
A basis of analytic functionals for CFTs in general dimension
Authors: Mazáč Dalimil , Rastelli Leonardo , Zhou Xinan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We develop an analytic approach to the four-point crossing equation in CFT, for general spacetime dimension. In a unitary CFT, the crossing equation (for, say, the s- and t-channel expansions) can be thought of as a vector equation in an infinite-dimensional space of complex analytic functions in two variables, which satisfy a boundedness condition at infinity. We identify a useful basis for this space of functions, consisting of the set of s- and t-channel conformal blocks of double-twist operators in mean field theory. We describe two independent algorithms to construct the dual basis of linear functionals, and work out explicitly many examples. Our basis of functionals appears to be closely related to the CFT dispersion relation recently derived by Carmi and Caron-Huot.
Short- and long-term outcome of patients with spontaneous echo contrast or thrombus in the left atrial appendage in the era of the direct acting anticoagulants
Authors: Backhaus Julian Felix , Pflaumbaum Andreas , Krogias Christos , Kreimer Fabienne , Mügge Andreas , Gold Ralf , Gotzmann Michael 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Thrombi and spontaneous echo contrast (SEC) in the left atrial appendage (LAA) are associated with thromboembolic events and poor prognosis. There are very few data on long-term outcome, especially with the use of direct acting anticoagulants (DOAC).

Methods
In this retrospective study, all transoesophageal echocardiographies performed at a tertiary care university hospital from 2015 to 2020 were analyzed. All patients with thrombus or SEC in the LAA were included. Medical history, laboratory, echocardiographic parameters and medication at discharge were documented. The primary endpoint of the study was a composite endpoint (all-cause mortality, non-fatal stroke or transient ischaemic attack [TIA], non-fatal systemic embolization, non-fatal major bleeding and non-fatal myocardial infarction).

Results
Of a total of 4062 transoesophageal echocardiographies, thrombi were detected in 51 patients (1.2%) and SEC in 251 patients (6.2%). These patients formed the final study cohort (n = 302). During a mean follow-up period of 956 ± 663 days, 87 patients (29%) suffered the primary point. The following baseline characteristics predicted the primary endpoint: age, haemoglobin, a previous coronary artery bypass grafting, dialysis and choice of anticoagulation. Prescription of apixaban at discharge was associated with lower rate of adverse events (hazard ratio 0.564, confidence interval 0.331–0.960; p = 0.035) while prescription of dabigatran was associated with higher rate of adverse events (hazard ratio 3.091, confidence interval 1.506–6.347; p = 0.002).

Conclusion
Even in the DOAC era, the occurrence of thrombus or SEC in the LAA is associated with a high rate of MACCE. Our study suggests that the choice of DOAC therapy may have an impact on long-term survival.

Graphic abstract