bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The determinants of inequality in child nutrition status: Evidence from Jordan
Authors: Krafft Caroline 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEarly childhood is the period when inequality originates and the intergenerational transmission of poverty and inequality begins. It is therefore important to understand what drives inequality in early childhood health and nutrition in order to provide children with equal chances for healthy growth. In Jordan, there are substantial socioeconomic disparities in children's health and nutrition; children from wealthy households grow normally while other children falter. This paper examines the determinants and mediators of health disparities in children's height and weight in Jordan, including parental health knowledge, food quantity and quality, health conditions, the health environment, and prenatal development. While this paper demonstrates that the health environment and food quantity and quality contribute to inequality in child health, these effects explain only a small share of disparities. A large share of inequality in children's health is determined prenatally, and nutrition policies need to prioritize this period.
Rhythm disturbances associated with lidocaine administration in four dogs with supraventricular tachyarrhythmias
Authors: Seo Joonbum , Spalla Ilaria , Porteiro Vázquez Dolores M. , Luis Fuentes Virginia , Tinson Erica , Connolly David J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe arrhythmias associated with administration of lidocaine in dogs treated for supraventricular tachyarrhythmias.Case summariesFour dogs with recent‐onset supraventricular tachyarrhythmias: 3 dogs had atrial fibrillation (AF), and 1 had focal atrial tachycardia (FAT), which was thought to be AF at the time of assessment. The substrate of the supraventricular tachyarrhythmia was considered to be due to primary cardiomyopathy in 1 dog, high vagal tone in 2 dogs, and the change in hemodynamics from heavy sedation in 1 dog. Pharmacological cardioversion using lidocaine was only successful in the 2 dogs with vagally mediated AF. In these 2 cases, lidocaine administration resulted in a paroxysmal atrial flutter that was self‐limiting and quickly led to sinus rhythm within 10 seconds in 1 dog but did not change over a 5‐minute interval and required additional boluses in another dog. In the latter case, the dog showed severe bradycardia for 17.5 seconds prior to achieving sinus rhythm. The 2 unsuccessful cases both developed ventricular arrhythmias shortly after the lidocaine administration, with 1 case degenerating into ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest.New or unique information providedArrhythmias associated with lidocaine should be considered when treating dogs with supraventricular tachyarrhythmia.
Outcome measures of palliative care programs and interventions implemented in nursing homes: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Meng Lingyuan , Peters Micah D.J. , Sharplin Greg , Eckert Marion 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This scoping review aims to identify and map the outcomes reported from evaluations that measure the effectiveness and acceptability of palliative care programs and interventions in residential aged care facilities.

Introduction:
As the population ages, there is increasing attention on implementing new interventions and programs to improve palliative care in residential aged care facilities. However, there is no standard evaluation for intervention implementation. Mapping the outcome measures used in evaluations of diverse palliative care interventions in residential aged care facilities has not been explored recently.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider studies involving older adults (aged 50 years and above) in any country living and receiving care in residential aged care facilities. This review will exclude literature that focuses on other age groups, and people receiving palliative care in other care settings, such as hospitals, palliative care inpatient units, sheltered housing, cancer centers, own homes, and hospices.

Methods:
This scoping review will follow the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. This scoping review will identify both published and unpublished (eg, gray literature) primary studies, as well as reviews. The databases to be searched for published studies will include MEDLINE, Emcare, ProQuest, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. The search will be limited to evidence published in English from 2008 to the present. Visual, tabular, and accompanying narrative summaries will be used to present the results.
Coaches’ Experiences of Morality in English Professional Football Environments: Recommendations for Creating a Moral Atmosphere
Authors: Higham Andrew J. , Newman James A. , Stone Joseph A. , Rumbold James L. 
Published: October 2021

Coaches are key socializing agents who influence the sociomoral context. A function of socialization in coaching is the imparting of values and ideology, which guide behavior. English professional football is known for authoritarian and subservient cultures whereby coaches will enforce cultural norms and values, which consequently shape their players’ moral development. Therefore, from a contextual viewpoint, professional football serves as a suitable site for exploring coaches’ views of morality. This study consisted of two aims: (a) explore English professional football coaches’ experiences of morality in football and (b) share coaches’ accounts of how they create and manage a moral atmosphere. Semistructured interviews were conducted with eight male professional English football coaches. Thematic analysis resulted in two general dimensions: coaches’ experiences of morality and recommendations for creating and managing a moral atmosphere. Coaches shared accounts of the moral conflicts and antisocial behaviors they experienced. The findings suggest that coaches struggle to define morality while highlighting the lack of coach education on the topic. Furthermore, similarities were observed in relation to coaches’ recommendations for creating and managing a moral atmosphere. Therefore, the study concludes by providing a selection of guiding principles that professional football coaches could implement when creating and managing a moral atmosphere.
The Impact of a 12-Month Activity Tracker Intervention on Activity Behavior Across Body Mass Index Subgroups Among Recent Retirees: Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tuominen Miika , Suorsa Kristin , Pentti Jaana , Koski Pasi , Stenholm Sari , Leskinen Tuija 
Published: October 2021

Background: This study examined the effectiveness of a 12-month activity tracker-based intervention on activity behavior among recent retirees (Enhancing physical ACTivity and healthy aging among recent REtirees [REACT]) in subgroups based on body mass index. Methods: REACT trial randomized 231 participants (mean age 65.2) into intervention and control groups. Main outcomes were accelerometer-measured moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA) and light physical activity (LPA) and sedentary time (SED) measured at baseline and 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups. As a post hoc analysis, the intervention effect was examined among participants with normal weight (n = 77), overweight (n = 89), and obesity (n = 61). Results: An intervention effect was observed among participants with obesity in LPA (time × group P = .045) mirrored by a similar, albeit nonsignificant, effect in SED (P = .067), but not in MVPA (P = .92). A transient increase of 41 minutes per day (95% confidence interval, 14 to 68) in LPA was observed at 6 months among the intervention group, with a concomitant decrease of 42 minutes per day (−72 to −12) in SED. However, these changes were not maintained at 12 months. No between-group differences in changes over time were observed among participants with normal or overweight. Conclusions: Activity trackers may be particularly suitable for promoting changes in LPA and SED among older adults with obesity. However, their long-term effectiveness might be limited.
Joint Stabilization Surgery for Chronic Ankle Instability and Medial Ankle Osteoarthritis: A Critically Appraised Topic
Authors: Kosik Kyle B. , Song Kyeongtak , Gribble Phillip A. , Hoch Matthew C. , Srinath Arjun 
Published: October 2021

Clinical Scenario: Patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI) who require surgical intervention are often diagnosed with medial ankle osteoarthritis (OA). Lateral joint stabilization procedures are commonly performed among this patient population to restore bony alignment and improve cartilage loading patterns to increase patient-reported function and mitigate further degenerative changes. Focused Clinical Question: What is the available evidence to support joint stabilization procedures on patient-reported outcomes and progression of radiographic OA among patients with CAI who have medial ankle OA? Summary of Key Findings: An electronic search of relevant databases was performed to identify peer-reviewed articles examining preoperative and postoperative clinical outcomes and radiographic evidence of ankle OA. A total of 3 peer-reviewed articles were retrieved. All 3 articles employed a retrospective case series study design. All 3 articles demonstrated improved patient-reported outcomes at the final follow-up visit. Two articles demonstrated that between 11% and 27% of patients progressed in at least 1stage of radiographic ankle OA between the preoperative assessment and the final follow-up visit (40–56 mo). Clinical Bottom Line: Joint stabilization surgery for patients with CAI and medial ankle OA is associated with improved clinical outcomes and a low rate of worsening radiographic joint degeneration within the first 5 years. Strength of Recommendation: Consistent evidence exists across all 3 articles. However, this evidence is based on a low-quality study design. Therefore, there is a grade-C level of evidence to support joint stabilization for improving patient-reported and radiographic outcomes within the first 5 years after surgery for patients with CAI and medial ankle OA.
Looking beyond: complex holistic care needs of Syrian and Iraqi refugee children and adolescents
Authors: Lindsay Kristen , Hanes Gemma , Mutch Raewyn , McKinnon Elizabeth , Cherian Sarah 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveProtracted international conflict has seen escalating numbers of displaced and resettled Syrian and Iraqi refugees, raising concerns for their health and well-being. This paper describes the demographic and clinical profiles of recently resettled Syrian and Iraqi refugee children and adolescents across physical, psychosocial, developmental and educational domains using standardised multidisciplinary assessments.DesignA cross-sectional observational study was undertaken of initial specialist paediatric multidisciplinary Refugee Health Service assessments completed at the tertiary paediatric hospital (Western Australia) between June 2015 and September 2019.ResultsThree hundred and twenty-seven children and adolescents (264 Syrian, 63 Iraqi) were assessed following resettlement. Witnessed trauma (86%) and disclosed adversity (median Refugee Adverse Childhood Experiences score 3, range 1–14) were universally high. Almost all patients had health issues identified across physical (99%), psychosocial (76%) and developmental/educational (75%) domains. Interrupted education (65%) and death of a family member (16%) were significantly associated with psychological morbidities. Common comorbidities included dental caries (78%), non-infectious disease (76%), vitamin D deficiency (72%), malnutrition (46%; overweight/obesity 23%), and psychological (32%; post-traumatic stress disorder 4.3%) and developmental (9.5%) concerns. Emerging and alarming child protection concerns were prevalent (17%), with females demonstrating especially high risks.ConclusionThis is the largest comprehensive study demonstrating the complex and cross-dimensional health needs and specific vulnerabilities of resettled Syrian and Iraqi refugee children and adolescents. Early comprehensive standardised multidisciplinary paediatric assessments, and culturally safe, trauma-informed interventions and follow-up are required to optimise resettlement outcomes and promote well-being.
N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide is an Independent Predictor of Mortality in Patients with Sepsis
Authors: Biswas Sagnik , Soneja Manish , Makkar Nayani , Farooqui Faraz Ahmed , Roy Ambuj , Kumar Arvind , Nischal Neeraj , Biswas Ashutosh , Wig Naveet , Sood Rita , Sreenivas Vishnubhatla 
Published: October 2021

This study aims to evaluate the role of cardiac enzymes N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and cardiac troponin-I (CTnI) as predictors of outcomes in patients with sepsis. 78 cases with a diagnosis of sepsis were enrolled over a 2-year period. Baseline demographic, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation-II (APACHE-II), Simplified Acute Physiology Score-II (SAPS-II), hematologic and biochemical parameters were noted. Serum NT-proBNP and CTnI were evaluated at 24 and 72 hours of admission along with echocardiography. Patients were prospectively followed up until death or discharge. Mean APACHE-II score was 19.8±9.6 and SAPS-II was 44.8±17.2. Survival rate in the study was 47.5% (36 of 78 patients). NT-proBNP was significantly higher in non-survivors with values over 4300 pg/mL at 24 hours and 5229 pg/mL at 72 hours associated with poor outcomes (p<0.05). CTnI was higher among non-survivors than in survivors, but the difference was not significant. APACHE-II score combined with NT-proBNP predicted a poor outcome in 51.2% cases compared with 14.6% cases with APACHE-II alone (p<0.05), while SAPS-II combined with NT-proBNP predicted a poor outcome in 53.6% cases as compared with 9.6% cases with SAPS-II alone (p<0.05). SAPS-II greater than 45 and NT-proBNP values at 72 hours were independent predictors of mortality in patients with sepsis. NT-proBNP is an independent predictor of mortality in patients with sepsis and its combination with APACHE-II and SAPS-II improves the predictive values of the scoring systems.
Prevalence of iatrogenic atrial septal defects (iASD) after mitral valve (MV) transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) in the long-term follow-up
Authors: Paukovitsch Michael , Schneider Leonhard Moritz , Reichart Christine , Nita Nicoleta , Rottbauer Wolfgang , Keßler Mirjam , Markovic Sinisa 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate prevalence of iatrogenic atrial septal defects (iASDs) after mitral valve (MV) transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) with the MitraClip in the long-term follow-up.BackgroundMV TEER requires transseptal puncture using a large 22 F sheath. Prevalence, impact and haemodynamic effects of these iASDs remain unknown in the long-term follow-up.MethodsThis prospective study enrolled patients who had undergone first-time TEER at our university hospital between January 2017 and June 2018 for a clinical long-term follow-up study. Prevalence of iASD was investigated 12 months post-TEER using transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Study protocol further consisted of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and exercise testing. Incidence of all-cause death was compared 12 months post-TEE follow-up. This study was approved by local ethics committee.Results48 patients participated in clinical follow-up examinations. Median time between TEER and clinical follow-up examination (TEE, TTE, exercise testing) was 19.5 (IQR: 7.0) months after TEER. Persistent iASD was found in 41.7% of patients. TEER was found to be equally effective in reducing MR and clinical symptoms in both groups at baseline as well as follow-up. Procedural fluoroscopy and device times were significantly longer in the iASD group. MR reduction and functional status (New York Heart Association Class, 6 Minute Walking Test distance) were similar in both groups. Nevertheless, a significant decrease in systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) and significantly smaller atrial diameters were observed in patients with iASD at follow-up.ConclusionPrevalence of iASDs after TEER in long-term follow-up was about 41%. Although a significant reduction of sPAP and better left atrial reverse remodelling were accomplished in patients with iASD, clinical impact appears low. Manipulation at the atrial septum might play a key role in creating persisting iASD.
Risk of ischaemic stroke in patients with transient global amnesia: a propensity-matched cohort study
Authors: Lee Sang Hun , Kim Keon-Yeup , Lee Jeong-Woo , Park So-Jeong , Jung Jin-Man 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundThe exact pathophysiological mechanism of transient global amnesia (TGA) is unknown. It is debatable whether TGA is a risk factor for stroke. Therefore, here we investigated the possibility of TGA as a risk factor for stroke in a real-world setting using large-scale nationwide health claims data.MethodsWe used health claims data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS). Patients diagnosed with TGA between 2007 and 2013 were selected. We initially extracted patients without TGA who were preferentially matched for age and sex with the patients with TGA at a ratio of 10:1 from the whole dataset. Further, we performed 1:2 propensity score matching analysis to balance the baseline characteristics between the two groups. In the propensity score-matched dataset, we performed multivariable Cox regression analysis to investigate the association between TGA and stroke type, including ischaemic, haemorrhagic and all stroke types.ResultsPatients with TGA (n=14 673) were selected from the NHIS database. After extracting from the whole database (n=140 486) and propensity score matching their data at a 1:2 ratio, a total of 10 448 and 20 442 patients were finally assigned to the TGA and control groups, respectively. The multivariable Cox regression analysis demonstrated that the TGA group had a higher risk of ischaemic stroke and all types of stroke (adjusted HR=1.194; 95% CI: 1.043 to 1.368; and HR=1.197; 95% CI: 1.056 to 1.357, respectively).ConclusionsAnalysis of the nationwide claims database showed that TGA could be an important risk factor for stroke, especially for ischaemic stroke.
Clinician’s perspectives in using head impulse-nystagmus-test of skew (HINTS) for acute vestibular syndrome: UK experience
Authors: Warner Charlotte L , Bunn Lisa , Koohi Nehzat , Schmidtmann Gunnar , Freeman Jennifer , Kaski Diego 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundAcute vestibular syndrome (AVS) features continuous dizziness and may result from a benign inner ear disorder or stroke. The head impulse-nystagmus-test of skew (HINTS) bedside assessment is more sensitive than brain MRI in identifying stroke as the cause of AVS within the first 24 hours. Clinicians’ perspectives of the test in UK secondary care remains unknown. Here, we explore front-line clinicians’ perspectives of use of the HINTS for the diagnosis of AVS.MethodsClinicians from two large UK hospitals who assess AVS patients completed a short online survey, newly designed with closed and open questions.ResultsAlmost half of 73 total responders reported limited (n=33), or no experience (n=19), reflected in low rates of use of HINTS (n=31). While recognising the potential utility of HINTS, many reported concerns about subjectivity, need for specialist skills and poor patient compliance. No clinicians reported high levels of confidence in performing HINTS, with 98% identifying training needs. A lack of formalised training was associated with onward specialist referrals and neuroimaging (p=0.044).ConclusionsAlthough the low sample size in this study limits the generalisability of findings to wider sites, our preliminary data identified barriers to the application of the HINTS in AVS patients and training needs to improve rapid, cost-effective and accurate clinical diagnosis of stroke presenting with vertigo.
An assessment of various nanoadditives and tribocorrosion with waste cooking biodiesel fueled in a diesel engine
Authors: Yogaraj D. , Jaichandar S. 
Published: October 2021

The steady-state coefficient of friction rate of waste cooking biodiesel fuel blends is higher for B90 (18.2%), B60 (7.2%), B20 (16.72%), B10 (30.8%), and diesel (38.77%) than for the B40 fuel blend, and the wear scar diameter of the B40 to B100 fuel blends has a minimal range of 0.5 mm. The flash temperature parameter was the highest for the B40 to B100 fuel blends, and the corrosion rate was the lowest for the B40 and B50 fuel blends. Subsequently, the B40 (40% waste cooking oil + 60% diesel fuel) fuel blend was chosen, along with cerium (25 ppm), zinc (25 ppm), and titanium nanoparticles (25 ppm) as fuel additives. The B40 + D60 + titanium (25 ppm) fuel blend resulted in an improved thermal break efficiency and 3.83% lower brake thermal energy consumption than diesel fuel. The B40 + D80 + titanium (25 ppm) fuel blend resulted in a 2.08% reduction in HC, 36.36% reduction in CO, and 16.25% reduction in smoke emissions, along with marginally higher (8.5%) NOx emissions than diesel fuel. In addition, for the B40 + D80 + titanium (25 ppm) fuel blend, the combustion characteristics of cylinder pressure (58.82 bar) and HRR (66.65 J/deg CA) were the same as those of diesel fuel at peak load.
Multiplicative connections and their Lie theory
Authors: Pugliese Fabrizio , Sparano Giovanni , Vitagliano Luca 
Published: October 2021

We define and study multiplicative connections in the tangent bundle of a Lie groupoid. Multiplicative connections are linear connections satisfying an appropriate compatibility with the groupoid structure. Our definition is natural in the sense that a linear connection on a Lie groupoid is multiplicative if and only if its torsion is a multiplicative tensor in the sense of Bursztyn–Drummond [Lie theory of multiplicative tensors, Mat. Ann. 375 (2019) 1489–1554, arXiv:1705.08579] and its geodesic spray is a multiplicative vector field. We identify the obstruction to the existence of a multiplicative connection. We also discuss the infinitesimal version of multiplicative connections in the tangent bundle, that we call infinitesimally multiplicative (IM) connections and we prove an integration theorem for IM connections. Finally, we present a few toy examples.