bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monolingual and bilingual language networks in healthy subjects using functional MRI and graph theory
Authors: Li Qiongge , Pasquini Luca , Del Ferraro Gino , Gene Madeleine , Peck Kyung K. , Makse Hernán A. , Holodny Andrei I. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBilingualism requires control of multiple language systems, and may lead to architectural differences in language networks obtained from clinical fMRI tasks. Emerging connectivity metrics such as k-core may capture these differences, highlighting crucial network components based on resiliency. We investigated the influence of bilingualism on clinical fMRI language tasks and characterized bilingual networks using connectivity metrics to provide a patient care benchmark. Sixteen right-handed subjects (mean age 42-years; nine males) without neurological history were included: eight native English-speaking monolinguals and eight native Spanish-speaking (L1) bilinguals with acquired English (L2). All subjects underwent fMRI with gold-standard clinical language tasks. Starting from active clusters on fMRI, we inferred the persistent functional network across subjects and ran centrality measures to characterize differences. Our results demonstrated a persistent network “core” consisting of Broca’s area, the pre-supplementary motor area, and the premotor area. K-core analysis showed that Wernicke’s area was engaged by the “core” with weaker connection in L2 than L1.
Decreased renal function increases the nighttime urine volume rate by carryover of salt excretion to the nighttime
Authors: Takezawa Kentaro , Kuribayashi Sohei , Okada Koichi , Sekii Yosuke , Inagaki Yusuke , Fukuhara Shinichiro , Kiuchi Hiroshi , Abe Toyofumi , Fujita Kazutoshi , Uemura Motohide , Imamura Ryoichi , Nonomura Norio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo determine the pathophysiology of nocturnal polyuria associated with renal dysfunction, patients who underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy were prospectively studied. The diurnal variation in urine volume, osmolality, and salt excretion were measured on preoperative day 2 and postoperative day 7. The factors associated with an increase in the nighttime urine volume rate with decreased renal function were evaluated using multiple linear regression analysis. Forty-nine patients were included. The estimated glomerular filtration rate decreased from 73.3 ± 2.0 to 47.2 ± 1.6 mL/min/1.73 m2 (P < 0.01) and the nighttime urine volume rate increased from 40.6% ± 2.0% to 45.3% ± 1.5% (P = 0.04) with nephrectomy. The nighttime urine osmolality decreased from 273 ± 15 to 212 ± 10 mOsm/kg and the nighttime salt excretion rate increased from 38.7% ± 2.1% to 48.8% ± 1.7% (both P < 0.01) with nephrectomy. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the increase in the nighttime urine volume rate was strongly affected by the increase in the nighttime salt excretion rate. A decrease in renal function causes an increase in the nighttime urine volume rate, mainly because of an increase in nighttime salt excretion.Trial registration number: UMIN000036760 (University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry).Date of registration: From 1 June 2019 to 31 October 2020.
Unique evolutionary trajectories of breast cancers with distinct genomic and spatial heterogeneity
Authors: Phung Tanya N. , Webster Timothy H. , Lenkiewicz Elizabeth , Malasi Smriti , Andreozzi Mariacarla , McCullough Ann E. , Anderson Karen S. , Pockaj Barbara A. , Wilson Melissa A. , Barrett Michael T. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBreast cancers exhibit intratumoral heterogeneity associated with disease progression and therapeutic resistance. To define the sources and the extent of heterogeneity, we performed an in-depth analysis of the genomic architecture of three chemoradiation-naïve breast cancers with well-defined clinical features including variable ER, PR, ERBB2 receptor expression and two distinct pathogenic BRCA2mut genotypes. The latter included a germ line carrier and a patient with a somatic variant. In each case we combined DNA content-based flow cytometry with whole exome sequencing and genome wide copy number variant (CNV) analysis of distinct populations sorted from multiple (4–18) mapped biopsies within the tumors and involved lymph nodes. Interrogating flow-sorted tumor populations from each biopsy provided an objective method to distinguish fixed and variable genomic lesions in each tumor. Notably we show that tumors exploit CNVs to fix mutations and deletions in distinct populations throughout each tumor. The identification of fixed genomic lesions that are shared or unique within each tumor, has broad implications for the study of tumor heterogeneity including the presence of tumor markers and therapeutic targets, and of candidate neoepitopes in breast and other solid tumors that can advance more effective treatment and clinical management of patients with disease.
Pitch Variation in Children With Childhood Apraxia of Speech: Preliminary Findings
Authors: Wong Eddy C. H. , Velleman Shelley L. , Tong Michael C. F. , Lee Kathy Y. S. 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionPitch variation, which refers to one's ability to vary fundamental frequency (F0) within or between syllables when speaking, has not been investigated in children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). However, pitch variation plays an important role in tone languages, as varying F0 patterns communicate different lexical meanings. This study investigated pitch variation abilities in individuals with CAS via the tone-sequencing tasks (TSTs), focusing on task performance and the effects of syllable structure, lexical status, and tones.MethodThree Cantonese-speaking children with CAS (aged 3;7–5;8 [years;months]) and six children without CAS participated in the study. Children without CAS were divided into two control groups, comprising those with speech and/or language impairment or typical development. TSTs consisted of 56 sets of five repetitions of stimuli. The stimuli varied in syllable structure, lexical status, and tones. Percentage of tones correct (PTC), consistency scores, F0 values, and acoustic repetition duration were measured.ResultsThe CAS group performed more poorly than the control groups on the TST with respect to tone accuracy, consistency, and repetition duration. No interaction effects between group and syllable structure or group and lexical status were found. No significant difference was found on F0 values across time between Tone 1 and Tone 2 syllables in the CAS group. However, interaction effects between group and time points of F0 values on Tone 2 syllables were found.DiscussionThe results suggest that children with CAS have difficulty with pitch variation, which was revealed on the TST with respect to tone accuracy, consistency, and repetition duration. Moreover, children with CAS have difficulty in varying F0 values to produce high-rising tones and tend to use high-level tones to substitute. Clinically, the TST may be useful to assist in the diagnosis of CAS. Isolated vowel stimuli may be useful to test young children or children with severe impairment. Future investigations and development of a normed tool for children with CAS are suggested.
A 3D printed metallized Fabry–Perot cavity antenna with improved bandwidth and low side‐lobe levels
Authors: Xu Ke , Zhou Lin , Zhang Bing , Chen Xing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA 3D printed metallized Fabry–Perot cavity antenna centred at 5.8 GHz is presented in this letter. A non‐uniform grid superstrate and a choke groove are employed in the Fabry–Perot cavity antenna to improve the input bandwidth and decrease the side lobes. By using the non‐uniform superstrate, the |S11| ← 10 dB bandwidth is enhanced to approximately 6.4% (from 5.65 to 6.02 GHz). The side lobes decrease to −14.03 and −21.62 dB on E and H planes by the choke groove. The designed antenna is fabricated by using a stereolithography‐based 3D printing technique for verification, whose weight is only 13% of the one fabricated with copper. The measured result agrees well with the simulated one.
An analysis of low power testing using K‐means clustering with reordering approach
Authors: Jegannathan Poornimasre , Rajaguru Harikumar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractK‐means clustering is a machine learning algorithm used to group the data based on the similarity between the data. Functional distances like squared Euclidean distance, city block, cosine, correlation and hamming are considered as a similarity parameter here. Test vectors are grouped based on the functional distance using the K‐means algorithm. A simple reordering algorithm is proposed and is applied to each group of data before ‘X’ bit filing to minimize the test power. Experimental results on ISCAS 89 benchmark circuit shows that the proposed methods diminish the power effectively.
Robust hierarchical dispatch for residential distribution network management considering home thermal flexibility and model predictive control
Authors: Rooks Cody , Li Fangxing , Shi Qingxin , Dong Jin , Olama Mohammed M. , Xue Yaosuo , Winstead Christopher , Kuruganti Teja 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the transactive energy (TE) paradigm, the devices of participative consumers, or prosumers, may be aggregated and employed to drive operational objectives at the network level. Home heating, ventilation and air‐conditioning (HVAC) systems in particular are well‐suited to modulate their behaviours based on both home thermal flexibility and requests from the utility grid. This paper develops a robust, hierarchical power dispatch scheme in the context of a residential distribution network. The formulation couples a unique, multiphase linear distribution optimal power flow (OPF) at the upper level with model predictive control (MPC)‐based HVAC fleet controllers at the lower level. The proposed approach is tested on nearly 2000 homes with a three‐phase distribution network in an intraday market setting, where two major applications are explored and analysed.
Edge‐cloud collaborative architecture based multi‐time scales rolling optimization of regional integrated electrical and natural gas energy system considering wind power uncertainty
Authors: Cao Zhiao , Zhao Qiang , Wang Jia , Wang Jinkuan , Han Yinghua 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWith the serious energy crisis and speedy development of natural gas utilization, regional integrated electrical and gas energy system is an efficient way to improve energy potency. This paper studies the energy scheduling of integrated electrical and gas energy system with bi‐directional energy conversion at distribution network level, considering wind power uncertainty. To realize independent autonomy of energy networks, meantime adjusting scheduling strategies of integrated energy system from system‐level perspective, innovative edge‐cloud collaborative operation architecture is proposed. In edge servers, electrical and gas networks are optimized severally for scheduling strategies. In cloud server, the uncertainty of wind power are processed with robust optimization method, strategies of energy conversion units are updated for re‐optimization. Cooperated with edge‐cloud architecture, a novel multi‐time scales rolling optimization framework is proposed, electrical and gas networks are optimized under day‐ahead time scale in corresponding edge servers, and electrical network is further adjusted under intraday time scale in electrical edge server. Case studies show that edge‐cloud collaborative operation architecture can ensure the practical feasibility of optimization, which is more suitable for energy scheduling of integrated electrical and gas energy system. Multi‐time scales rolling optimization framework have significant efficiency on reducing the impact of wind power uncertainty.
Human–robot interaction for social skill development in children with ASD: A literature review
Authors: Raptopoulou Anastasia , Komnidis Antonios , Bamidis Panagiotis D. , Astaras Alexandros 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHuman–robot interaction has been demonstrated to be a promising methodology for developing socio‐communicational skills of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This paper systematically reviews studies that report experimental results on this topic published in scientific journals between the years 2010 and2018. A total of 1805 articles from various literature were filtered based on relevance and transparency. In the first set of criteria, article titles are screened and in the second both titles and abstracts. The final number of articles which were subsequently thoroughly reviewed was 32 (N = 32). The findings suggest that there are benefits in using human–robot interaction to assist with the development of social skills for children with ASD. Specifically, it was found that the majority of studies used humanoid robots, 64% relied on a small number of participants and sessions, while few of the studies included a control group or follow‐up sessions. Based on these findings, this paper tried to identify areas that have not been extensively addressed to propose several directions for future improvements for studies in this field, such as control groups with typical developmental children, minimum number of sessions and participants, as well as standardization of criteria for assessing the level of functionality for ASD children.
Control and monitoring of lipoprotein levels in atherosclerosis induced rabbits using novel nanoparticulate medication of Lovastatin and Rosuvastatin
Authors: Luo Guoyi , Chen Wenjie , Luo Jianjun , Liu Jie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDifferent epidemiological studies have demonstrated higher level of uric acid and Lipoprotein levels as risk factors for atherosclerosis. The present investigation deals with formulation of novel combination of Rosuvastatin and Lovastatin in nanoparticulate form to assess atherosclerosis model. The ionic gelation method was found to be useful for the preparation of chitosan nanoparticles which are evaluated for different parameters like morphology, zeta potential, and polydispersity index found to be satisfactory for delivery of drug. Application of statistical model confirms the effect of Poloxamer 188 and chitosan on drug release and Encapsulation efficiency and drug release. The drug release of Rosuvastatin‐Lovastatin nanoparticles (RST‐LST‐NP) was compared with individual Rosuvastatin nanoparticles (RST‐NP) and Lovastatin nanoparticles (LST‐NP). The results obtained from serum uric acid analysis as well as measurement of level of total cholesterol, high density cholesterol, low density cholesterol shows superiority of RST‐LST‐NP over RST‐NP and LST‐NP in lowering and maintaining serum lipoprotein levels.
Die freie Serratus-Carpaccio-Lappenplastik: Indikationen und Technik
Authors: Rein Susanne , Gazyakan Emre , Kneser Ulrich , Kremer Thomas 
Published: May 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Anforderungen, welche an Weichteilrekonstruktionen gestellt werden, sind eine dünne und widerstandsfähige Lappenplastik der Palma manus oder der Planta pedis sowie die Gleitfähigkeit zwischen der Lappenplastik und den Strecksehnen der Dorsi pedis et manus. Die Elastizität der Hautweichteile sollte einen normalen Bewegungsumfang am Handgelenk und am Vorfuß ermöglichen. Eine Option in diesen Fällen ist die freie Serratus-Faszienlappenplastik, welche gelegentlich Einschränkungen hinsichtlich der Widerstandsfähigkeit sowie der Zuverlässigkeit aufweist. Wir beschreiben eine einfache Modifikation, die Serratus-Carpaccio-Lappenplastik, welche eine dünne Muskelschicht in den Serratusfaszienlappen einbezieht, wodurch dessen Hebung und Entnahme sowie die Morbiditätsraten verbessert werden.
Material und Methoden Die Indikationen für die Serratus- Carpaccio-Lappenplastik, deren Entnahmetechnik, Konturierung sowie Insertion werden detailliert beschrieben und anhand klinischer Beispiele verdeutlicht.
Ergebnisse Der Hauptvorteil der Serratus-Carpaccio-Lappenplastik ist die Möglichkeit, die Lappendicke an die Anforderungen der Empfängerstelle anzupassen. Dies ermöglicht hervorragende Ergebnisse der Kontur und Funktion. Die Spalthautentnahme aus dem Instep-Bereich des Fußes wird für Weichteilrekonstruktionen der Palma manus und der Planta pedis empfohlen. Es wurden 18 Rekonstruktionen von Weichteildefekten an der Hand (n = 5), am Fuß (n = 10) und am Unterschenkel (n = 3) durchgeführt. Zu den Komplikationen gehörten ein Lappenverlust, eine venöse Reanastomose, 2 partielle Wunddehiszenzen und ein postoperatives Hämatom an der Hebestelle. Siebzehn Lappenplastiken heilten letztendlich vollständig ein. Sekundäre Ausdünnungsverfahren waren nicht erforderlich.
Schlussfolgerung Die Serratus-Carpaccio-Lappenplastik ist eine hervorragende Option für die Rekonstruktion mittelgroßer Haut- und Weichteildefekte des Hand- oder Fußrückens, der Handfläche und des distalen Unterarms.
Synthesis of Enantiopure ω-(4-Fluorophenyl)-6,11-Methylene Lipoxin B4 Methyl Ester
Authors: Nubbemeyer Udo , Trippe Lukas , Nava Analuisa , Frank Andrea , Schollmeyer Dieter 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe synthesis of Lipoxin B4 analogues (LXB4) to gain access to stabilized inflammation-resolving compounds is an active field of research. Focusing on variation and stabilization of the conjugated E,Z,E,E C6–C13 tetraene moiety of natural LXB4, a methylene bridge introduced between C6 and C11 suppresses any Z/E isomerization of the C8–C9 olefin. Furthermore, rapid ω-oxidation (C20) should be avoided by replacing the C18–C20 segment by an aromatic moiety. Optically active C1–C12 building blocks were accessed from methyl cycloheptatriene-1-carboxylate (C6–C11, C21) and glutaryl chloride (C1–C5) as described earlier. The ω-segment was generated via a five-step sequence starting from 4-arylbutanoic acid. Horner key olefination enabled assembly of the carbon backbone. A final five-step sequence including a chelate Cram reduction of the unsaturated ketone moiety afforded the target ω-aryl 6,11-methylene-LXB4 methyl ester.
Phenotypic Detection of Carbapenemase Production in Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae by Modified Hodge Test and Modified Strip Carba NP Test
Authors: Patidar Nisha , Vyas Nitya , Sharma Shanoo , Sharma Babita 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective Carbapenems are last resort antibiotics for multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. However, resistance to carbapenem is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide leading to major therapeutic failures and increased mortality rate. Early and effective detection of carbapenemase producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is therefore key to control dissemination of carbapenem resistance in nosocomial as well as community-acquired infection. The aim of present study was to evaluate efficacy of Modified strip Carba NP (CNP) test against Modified Hodge test (MHT) for early detection of carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE).
Material and Methods Enterobacteriaceae isolated from various clinical samples were screened for carbapenem resistance. A total of 107 CRE were subjected to MHT and Modified strip CNP test for the detection of CPE.
Statistical Analysis It was done on Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, IBM India; version V26. Nonparametric test chi-square and Z-test were used to analyze the results within a 95% level of confidence.
Results Out of 107 CRE, 94 (88%) were phenotypically confirmed as carbapenemase producer by Modified strip CNP test and 46 (43%) were confirmed by Modified Hodge Test (MHT). Thirty-eight (36%) isolates showed carbapenemase production by both MHT and CNP test, 56 isolates (52%) were CNP test positive but MHT negative, eight (7%) isolates were MHT positive but CNP test negative and five (5%) isolates were both MHT and CNP test negative. There is statistically significant difference in efficiency of Modified CNP test and MHT (p < 0.05).
Conclusion Modified strip CNP test is simple and inexpensive test which is easy to perform and interpret and gives rapid results in less than 5 minutes. It has high degree of sensitivity and specificity. Modified strip CNP test shows significantly higher detection capacity for carbapenemase producers as compared with MHT.
Effect of a Real-Time Risk Score on 30-day Readmission Reduction in Singapore
Authors: Wu Christine Xia , Suresh Ernest , Phng Francis Wei Loong , Tai Kai Pik , Pakdeethai Janthorn , D'Souza Jared Louis Andre , Tan Woan Shin , Phan Phillip , Lew Kelvin Sin Min , Tan Gamaliel Yu-Heng , Chua Gerald Seng Wee , Hwang Chi Hong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective To develop a risk score for the real-time prediction of readmissions for patients using patient specific information captured in electronic medical records (EMR) in Singapore to enable the prospective identification of high-risk patients for enrolment in timely interventions.
Methods Machine-learning models were built to estimate the probability of a patient being readmitted within 30 days of discharge. EMR of 25,472 patients discharged from the medicine department at Ng Teng Fong General Hospital between January 2016 and December 2016 were extracted retrospectively for training and internal validation of the models. We developed and implemented a real-time 30-day readmission risk score generation in the EMR system, which enabled the flagging of high-risk patients to care providers in the hospital. Based on the daily high-risk patient list, the various interfaces and flow sheets in the EMR were configured according to the information needs of the various stakeholders such as the inpatient medical, nursing, case management, emergency department, and postdischarge care teams.
Results Overall, the machine-learning models achieved good performance with area under the receiver operating characteristic ranging from 0.77 to 0.81. The models were used to proactively identify and attend to patients who are at risk of readmission before an actual readmission occurs. This approach successfully reduced the 30-day readmission rate for patients admitted to the medicine department from 11.7% in 2017 to 10.1% in 2019 (p < 0.01) after risk adjustment.
Conclusion Machine-learning models can be deployed in the EMR system to provide real-time forecasts for a more comprehensive outlook in the aspects of decision-making and care provision.
Rethinking PICO in the Machine Learning Era: ML-PICO
Authors: Liu Xinran , Anstey James , Li Ron , Sarabu Chethan , Sono Reiri , Butte Atul J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background Machine learning (ML) has captured the attention of many clinicians who may not have formal training in this area but are otherwise increasingly exposed to ML literature that may be relevant to their clinical specialties. ML papers that follow an outcomes-based research format can be assessed using clinical research appraisal frameworks such as PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome). However, the PICO frameworks strain when applied to ML papers that create new ML models, which are akin to diagnostic tests. There is a need for a new framework to help assess such papers.
Objective We propose a new framework to help clinicians systematically read and evaluate medical ML papers whose aim is to create a new ML model: ML-PICO (Machine Learning, Population, Identification, Crosscheck, Outcomes). We describe how the ML-PICO framework can be applied toward appraising literature describing ML models for health care.
Conclusion The relevance of ML to practitioners of clinical medicine is steadily increasing with a growing body of literature. Therefore, it is increasingly important for clinicians to be familiar with how to assess and best utilize these tools. In this paper we have described a practical framework on how to read ML papers that create a new ML model (or diagnostic test): ML-PICO. We hope that this can be used by clinicians to better evaluate the quality and utility of ML papers.