bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stable Carbon Isotopes Suggest Large Terrestrial Carbon Inputs to the Global Ocean
Authors: Kwon Eun Young , DeVries Tim , Galbraith Eric D. , Hwang Jeomshik , Kim Guebuem , Timmermann Axel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe transport of carbon from land to ocean, via rivers, groundwater, and aerosols, is an important component of the global carbon cycle that must be known to accurately assess anthropogenic CO2 storage on land and in the ocean. Current global carbon cycle budgets have adopted terrestrial carbon inputs to the ocean ranging from 0.5 GtC/yr to 0.9 GtC/yr, derived mainly from estimates of riverine fluxes. However, these budgets ignore the terrestrial carbon inputs from coastal ecosystems and through submarine groundwater discharge (collectively referred to as coastal margin inputs in this study) due to difficulties in making global assessments. Using a numerical model and globally distributed ocean observations of stable carbon isotopes, we estimate terrestrial carbon inputs to the ocean at 1.4 ± 0.5 GtC/yr, with 95% of the coastal margin inputs (0.8 ± 0.5 GtC/yr) occurring in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. This terrestrial carbon flux is largely balanced by an efflux to the atmosphere of 1.2 ± 0.5 GtC/yr, 40% of which occurs in poorly monitored coastal regions and may have been overlooked in previous observation‐based global estimates. Our results suggest more dynamic cycling of carbon in the land‐ocean transition zone than previously thought, and that rivers may not be the only important pathway for terrestrial carbon to the ocean.
Constraining Floating Ice Shelf Structures by Spectral Response of Teleseismic P‐Wave Coda: Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica
Authors: Phạm Thanh‐Son , Tkalčić Hrvoje 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe recent deployment of a broadband seismic array on the floating ice shelf in the Antarctica's Ross sea presents a great opportunity to study the shelf structure using broadband seismic data. In this study, we develop a further improvement of the P‐wave coda autocorrelation method, which proved capable of characterizing grounded ice‐cap structures. Ice shelves are floating ice sheets connected to a landmass, and in order to decipher their structures, a water layer has to be added to the problem. We construct the power spectrum stacks of P‐wave coda data, waveform records that immediately follow P arrivals, in the spectral domain, which are equivalent, via a Fourier transform, to widely used autocorrelograms in the time domain. At half of temporary seismic stations under consideration, we report prominent resonant peaks in the spectral autocorrelograms, associated with the ice‐water configuration of the ice shelf. The lack of clear resonant pattern for the rest of the stations is suspected due to a high noise level in the icy environment and significant lateral heterogeneity at the local scale. Subsequently, we develop a formalism to explain the observed resonance and devise a grid‐search scheme to estimate ice‐ and water‐thicknesses underneath the stations. Our water‐thickness estimates agree well with the previously documented measurements, but there is a discrepancy in the ice thickness results. Therefore, the method has a great potential to complement the existing ice‐shelf model, to be used in future monitoring applications of ice shelves, or near‐future space exploration to icy planets.
The Physics of Falling Raindrops in Diverse Planetary Atmospheres
Authors: Loftus Kaitlyn , Wordsworth Robin D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe evolution of a single raindrop falling below a cloud is governed by fluid dynamics and thermodynamics fundamentally transferable to planetary atmospheres beyond modern Earth's. Here, we show how three properties that characterize falling raindrops—raindrop shape, terminal velocity, and evaporation rate—can be calculated as a function of raindrop size in any planetary atmosphere. We demonstrate that these simple, interrelated characteristics tightly bound the possible size range of raindrops in a given atmosphere, independently of poorly understood growth mechanisms. Starting from the equations governing raindrop falling and evaporation, we demonstrate that raindrop ability to vertically transport latent heat and condensible mass can be well captured by a new dimensionless number. Our results have implications for precipitation efficiency, convective storm dynamics, and rainfall rates, which are properties of interest for understanding planetary radiative balance and (in the case of terrestrial planets) rainfall‐driven surface erosion.
The Conductive Cooling of Planetesimals With Temperature‐Dependent Properties
Authors: Murphy Quinlan M. , Walker A. M. , Davies C. J. , Mound J. E. , Müller T. , Harvey J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractModeling the planetary heat transport of small bodies in the early Solar System allows us to understand the geological context of meteorite samples. Conductive cooling in planetesimals is controlled by thermal conductivity, heat capacity, and density, which are functions of temperature (T). We investigate if the incorporation of the T‐dependence of thermal properties and the introduction of a nonlinear term to the heat equation could result in different interpretations of the origin of different classes of meteorites. We have developed a finite difference code to perform numerical models of a conductively cooling planetesimal with T‐dependent properties and find that including T‐dependence produces considerable differences in thermal history, and in turn the estimated timing and depth of meteorite genesis. We interrogate the effects of varying the input parameters to this model and explore the nonlinear T‐dependence of conductivity with simple linear functions. Then we apply non‐monotonic functions for conductivity, heat capacity, and density fitted to published experimental data. For a representative calculation of a 250 km radius pallasite parent body, T‐dependent properties delay the onset of core crystallization and dynamo activity by ∼40 Myr, approximately equivalent to increasing the planetary radius by 10%, and extend core crystallization by ∼3 Myr. This affects the range of planetesimal radii and core sizes for the pallasite parent body that are compatible with paleomagnetic evidence. This approach can also be used to model the T‐evolution of other differentiated minor planets and primitive meteorite parent bodies and constrain the formation of associated meteorite samples.
Phosphorus Inventory for the Conterminous United States (2002–2012)
Authors: Sabo Robert D. , Clark Christopher M. , Gibbs David A. , Metson Geneviève S. , Todd M. Jason , LeDuc Stephen D. , Greiner Diana , Fry Meridith M. , Polinsky Robyn , Yang Qichun , Tian Hanqin , Compton Jana E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPublished reports suggest efforts designed to prevent the occurrence of harmful algal blooms and hypoxia by reducing non‐point and point source phosphorus (P) pollution are not delivering water quality improvements in many areas. Part of the uncertainty in evaluating watershed responses to management practices is the lack of standardized estimates of phosphorus inputs and outputs. To assess P trends across the conterminous United States, we compiled an inventory using publicly available datasets of agricultural P fluxes, atmospheric P deposition, human P demand and waste, and point source discharges for 2002, 2007, and 2012 at the scale of the 8‐digit Hydrologic Unit Code subbasin (∼1,800 km2). Estimates of agricultural legacy P surplus accumulated from 1945 to 2001 were also developed. Fertilizer and manure inputs were found to exceed crop removal rates by up to 50% in many agricultural regions. This excess in inputs has led to the continued accumulation of legacy P in agricultural lands. Atmospheric P deposition increased throughout the Rockies, potentially contributing to reported increases in surface water P concentrations in undisturbed watersheds. In some urban areas, P fluxes associated with human waste and non‐farm fertilizer use has declined despite population growth, likely due, in part, to various sales bans on P‐containing detergents and fertilizers. Although regions and individual subbasins have different contemporary and legacy P sources, a standardized method of accounting for large and small fluxes and ready to use inventory numbers provide essential infromation to coordinate targeted interventions to reduce P concentrations in the nation's waters.
Evaporation Suppression From Small Reservoirs Using Floating Covers—Field Study and Modeling
Authors: Mady Bassem , Lehmann Peter , Or Dani 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEvaporative losses from small seasonal water reservoirs in semiarid regions may significantly diminish storage and water availability to rural communities. Motivated by finding effective and economically feasible measures for suppressing evaporation, we study the efficacy of self‐assembling floating covers in suppressing evaporation under field conditions and potential ecological ramifications of the covers. We conducted a multi‐season study with eight identical small reservoirs (13.5 m2 area and 1.5 m deep) using ethylene‐vinyl acetate foam disks (200 mm in diameter, 15 mm thick) in white and black to cover six reservoirs (cover fraction of 91%), leaving two uncovered reservoirs for control. Physical attributes such as evaporative losses, radiative balance, temperature, and heat fluxes were measured and compared with modeling results. Evaporation suppression under field conditions ranged between 65% and 80% in the summer. Despite significant differences in energy partitioning, evaporation from white and black disks were relatively similar (∼20% for white and ∼30% evaporation for black disks compared to uncovered reservoir). Replacing black disks with water filled black polyethylene balls improved suppression efficiency and diminished seasonal variations (∼80% suppression irrespective of season). We developed a physically based model to describe and extend the experimental findings by exploring effects of reservoir management regimes on evaporation and to optimize cover and reservoir characteristics for different climatic conditions.
Mapping the immune microenvironment for mandibular alveolar bone homeostasis at single-cell resolution
Authors: Lin Weimin , Li Qiwen , Zhang Danting , Zhang Xiaohan , Qi Xingying , Wang Qian , Chen Yaqian , Liu Caojie , Li Hanwen , Zhang Shiwen , Wang Yuan , Shao Bin , Zhang Li , Yuan Quan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlveolar bone is the thickened ridge of jaw bone that supports teeth. It is subject to constant occlusal force and pathogens invasion, and is therefore under active bone remodeling and immunomodulation. Alveolar bone holds a distinct niche from long bone considering their different developmental origin and postnatal remodeling pattern. However, a systematic explanation of alveolar bone at single-cell level is still lacking. Here, we construct a single-cell atlas of mouse mandibular alveolar bone through single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). A more active immune microenvironment is identified in alveolar bone, with a higher proportion of mature immune cells than in long bone. Among all immune cell populations, the monocyte/macrophage subpopulation most actively interacts with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) subpopulation. Alveolar bone monocytes/macrophages express a higher level of Oncostatin M (Osm) compared to long bone, which promotes osteogenic differentiation and inhibits adipogenic differentiation of MSCs. In summary, our study reveals a unique immune microenvironment of alveolar bone, which may provide a more precise immune-modulatory target for therapeutic treatment of oral diseases.
Investigation of circulating metabolites associated with breast cancer risk by untargeted metabolomics: a case–control study nested within the French E3N cohort
Authors: Jobard Elodie , Dossus Laure , Baglietto Laura , Fornili Marco , Lécuyer Lucie , Mancini Francesca Romana , Gunter Marc J. , Trédan Olivier , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine , Elena-Herrmann Bénédicte , Severi Gianluca , Rothwell Joseph A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Perturbations in circulating metabolites prior to a breast cancer diagnosis are not well characterised. We aimed to gain more detailed knowledge to help understand and prevent the disease.

Methods
Baseline plasma samples from 791 breast cancer cases and 791 matched controls from the E3N (EPIC-France) cohort were profiled by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based untargeted metabolomics. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models were built from NMR profiles to predict disease outcome, and odds ratios and false discovery rate (FDR)-adjusted CIs were calculated for 43 identified metabolites by conditional logistic regression.

Results
Breast cancer onset was predicted in the premenopausal subgroup with modest accuracy (AUC 0.61, 95% CI: 0.49–0.73), and 10 metabolites associated with risk, particularly histidine (OR = 1.70 per SD increase, FDR-adjusted CI 1.19–2.41), N-acetyl glycoproteins (OR = 1.53, FDR-adjusted CI 1.18–1.97), glycerol (OR = 1.55, FDR-adjusted CI 1.11–2.18) and ethanol (OR = 1.44, FDR-adjusted CI 1.05–1.97). No predictive capacity or significant metabolites were found overall or for postmenopausal women.

Conclusions
Perturbed metabolism compared to controls was observed in premenopausal but not postmenopausal cases. Histidine and NAC have known involvement in inflammatory pathways, and the robust association of ethanol with risk suggests the involvement of alcohol intake.
A 10-gene prognostic signature points to LIMCH1 and HLA-DQB1 as important players in aggressive cervical cancer disease
Authors: Halle Mari K. , Sødal Marte , Forsse David , Engerud Hilde , Woie Kathrine , Lura Njål G. , Wagner-Larsen Kari S. , Trovik Jone , Bertelsen Bjørn I. , Haldorsen Ingfrid S. , Ojesina Akinyemi I. , Krakstad Camilla 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Advanced cervical cancer carries a particularly poor prognosis, and few treatment options exist. Identification of effective molecular markers is vital to improve the individualisation of treatment. We investigated transcriptional data from cervical carcinomas related to patient survival and recurrence to identify potential molecular drivers for aggressive disease.

Methods
Primary tumour RNA-sequencing profiles from 20 patients with recurrence and 53 patients with cured disease were compared. Protein levels and prognostic impact for selected markers were identified by immunohistochemistry in a population-based patient cohort.

Results
Comparison of tumours relative to recurrence status revealed 121 differentially expressed genes. From this gene set, a 10-gene signature with high prognostic significance (p = 0.001) was identified and validated in an independent patient cohort (p = 0.004). Protein levels of two signature genes, HLA-DQB1 (n = 389) and LIMCH1 (LIM and calponin homology domain 1) (n = 410), were independent predictors of survival (hazard ratio 2.50, p = 0.007 for HLA-DQB1 and 3.19, p = 0.007 for LIMCH1) when adjusting for established prognostic markers. HLA-DQB1 protein expression associated with programmed death ligand 1 positivity (p < 0.001). In gene set enrichment analyses, HLA-DQB1high tumours associated with immune activation and response to interferon-γ (IFN-γ).

Conclusions
This study revealed a 10-gene signature with high prognostic power in cervical cancer. HLA-DQB1 and LIMCH1 are potential biomarkers guiding cervical cancer treatment.
Checkpoint-blocker-induced autoimmunity is associated with favourable outcome in metastatic melanoma and distinct T-cell expression profiles
Authors: Ye Weiyu , Olsson-Brown Anna , Watson Robert A. , Cheung Vincent T. F. , Morgan Robert D. , Nassiri Isar , Cooper Rosalin , Taylor Chelsea A. , Akbani Umair , Brain Oliver , Matin Rubeta N. , Coupe Nicholas , Middleton Mark R. , Coles Mark , Sacco Joseph J. , Payne Miranda J. , Fairfax Benjamin P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) activate CD8+ T cells, eliciting both anti-cancer activity and immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The relationship of irAEs with baseline parameters and clinical outcome is unclear.

Methods
Retrospective evaluation of irAEs on survival was performed across primary (N = 144) and secondary (N = 211) independent cohorts of patients with metastatic melanoma receiving single agent (pembrolizumab/nivolumab—sICB) or combination (nivolumab and ipilimumab—cICB) checkpoint blockade. RNA from pre-treatment and post-treatment CD8+ T cells was sequenced and differential gene expression according to irAE development assessed.

Results
58.3% of patients developed early irAEs and this was associated with longer progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) across both cohorts (log-rank test, OS: P < 0.0001). Median survival for patients without irAEs was 16.6 months (95% CI: 10.9–33.4) versus not-reached (P = 2.8 × 10−6). Pre-treatment monocyte and neutrophil counts, but not BMI, were additional predictors of clinical outcome. Differential expression of numerous gene pathway members was observed in CD8+ T cells according to irAE development, and patients not developing irAEs demonstrating upregulated CXCR1 pre- and post-treatment.

Conclusions
Early irAE development post-ICB is associated with favourable survival in MM. Development of irAEs is coupled to expression of numerous gene pathways, suggesting irAE development in-part reflects baseline immune activation.
PER1 suppresses glycolysis and cell proliferation in oral squamous cell carcinoma via the PER1/RACK1/PI3K signaling complex
Authors: Gong Xiaobao , Tang Hong , Yang Kai 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that the core clock gene Period 1 (PER1) plays important roles in the formation of various tumors. However, the biological functions and mechanism of PER1 in promoting tumor progression remain largely unknown. Here, we discovered that PER1 was markedly downregulated in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Then, OSCC cell lines with stable overexpression, knockdown, and mutation of PER1 were established. We found that PER1 overexpression significantly inhibited glycolysis, glucose uptake, proliferation, and the PI3K/AKT pathway in OSCC cells. The opposite effects were observed in PER1-knockdown OSCC cells. After treatment of PER1-overexpressing OSCC cells with an AKT activator or treatment of PER1-knockdown OSCC cells with an AKT inhibitor, glycolysis, glucose uptake, and proliferation were markedly rescued. In addition, after treatment of PER1-knockdown OSCC cells with a glycolysis inhibitor, the increase in cell proliferation was significantly reversed. Further, coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and cycloheximide (CHX) chase experiment demonstrated that PER1 can bind with RACK1 and PI3K to form the PER1/RACK1/PI3K complex in OSCC cells. In PER1-overexpressing OSCC cells, the abundance of the PER1/RACK1/PI3K complex was significantly increased, the half-life of PI3K was markedly decreased, and glycolysis, proliferation, and the PI3K/AKT pathway were significantly inhibited. However, these effects were markedly reversed in PER1-mutant OSCC cells. In vivo tumorigenicity assays confirmed that PER1 overexpression inhibited tumor growth while suppressing glycolysis, proliferation, and the PI3K/AKT pathway. Collectively, this study generated the novel findings that PER1 suppresses OSCC progression by inhibiting glycolysis-mediated cell proliferation via the formation of the PER1/RACK1/PI3K complex to regulate the stability of PI3K and the PI3K/AKT pathway-dependent manner and that PER1 could potentially be a valuable therapeutic target in OSCC.
NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis aggravates pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and dysfunction in mice: cardioprotective role of irisin
Authors: Yue Rongchuan , Zheng Zaiyong , Luo Yu , Wang Xiaobo , Lv Mingming , Qin Dan , Tan Qingqing , Zhang Yulong , Wang Tao , Hu Houxiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe exact mechanism of myocardial hypertrophy has not been completely elucidated. NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and the pyroptotic cascade play a critical role in cardiac hypertrophy and inflammation. The myokine irisin can inhibit NLRP3 activation, although its exact mechanism of action is unknown. In this study, we induced cardiac hypertrophy in a mouse model via aortic constriction (TAC) to further explore the pathological role of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis and the potential therapeutic effects of irisin. Cardiac hypertrophy significantly increased the percentage of apoptotic cells and upregulated IL-1β, cleaved caspase-1, and GSDMD-N that lie downstream of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Subsequently, irisin was co-administered to the TAC mice or angiotensin II (Ang-II)-treated cardiomyocytes to observe whether it could attenuate pyroptosis and cardiac hypertrophy. We established a direct association between pyroptosis and cardiac hypertrophy and found that pharmacological or genetic inhibition of NLRP3 attenuated cardiac hypertrophy. Furthermore, ectopic overexpression of NLRP3 abrogated the cardioprotective effects of irisin. To summarize, pyroptosis is a pathological factor in cardiac hypertrophy, and irisin is a promising therapeutic agent that inhibits NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis of cardiomyocytes.
Dysregulation of miR-23b-5p promotes cell proliferation via targeting FOXM1 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yang Xinchen , Yang Shikun , Song Jinhua , Yang Wenjie , Ji Yang , Zhang Feng , Rao Jianhua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGrowing evidence demonstrates that MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an essential role in contributing to tumor development and progression. However, the underlying role and mechanisms of miR-23b-5p in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) formation remain unclear. Our study showed that miR-23b-5p was downregulated in the HCC tissues and cell lines, and lower expression of miR-23b-5p was associated with more severe tumor size and poorer survival. Gain- or loss-of-function assays demonstrated that miR-23b-5p induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and inhibited cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. qRT-PCR, western blot and luciferase assays verified that Mammalian transcription factor Forkhead Box M1 (FOXM1), upregulated in HCC specimens, was negatively correlated with miR-23b-5p expression and acted as a direct downstream target of miR-23b-5p. In addition, miR-23b-5p could regulate cyclin D1 and c-MYC expression by directly targeting FOXM1. Further study revealed that restoration of FOXM1 neutralized the cell cycle arrest and cell proliferation inhibition caused by miR-23b-5p. Taken together, our findings suggest that miR-23b-5p acted as a tumor suppressor role in HCC progression by targeting FOXM1 and may serve as a potential novel biomarker for HCC diagnosis and prognosis.