bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A formula for the admittance of laterally excited bulk wave resonators (XBARs)
Authors: Plessky Victor , Küçük Seniz , Yandrapalli Soumya , Villanueva Luis Guillermo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe recently invented laterally excited bulk wave resonators (XBARs) demonstrate outstanding parameters suitable for the design of low loss filters for the fifth generation of mobile phones. The operation of XBARs can be interpreted as an excitation of anti‐symmetric Lamb mode A1 by the interdigital transducer. However, it can also be seen as the generation of fundamental plate resonances in a set of parallelly connected quasi‐independent resonators, excited by a lateral electric field created by narrow electrodes with alternating polarity. By exploiting this latter interpretation, we propose a formula for the admittance of multi‐layered membranes, including the main piezoelectric layer of suitable orientation and different additional dielectric layers on both sides of the membranes. The structure can be asymmetric and the excitation of all shear wave thickness resonances, not only with odd numbers, is described. The formula can be used for the one‐dimensional modelling and optimisation of XBARs and the estimation of the resonance frequency dependence on the deposited trimming thin layers.
Exploiting texture characteristics and spatial correlations for robustness metric of data hiding with noisy transmission
Authors: Chen Yanli , Wang Hongxia , Wu Hanzhou , Zhou Yonghui , Zhou Limengnan , Chen Yi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractData hiding aims to embed a secret message into a digital object such as image by slightly modifying the object content without arousing noticeable artefacts. The resultant object containing hidden information will be sent to a desired receiver via some insecure channels, e.g. images transmitted through noisy channel, social networks are vulnerable to unknown pollution or compression by a third party, which may lead the transmitted objects to be attacked such that the reconstructed message has a significant error rate. It therefore requires us to use robust embedding strategies for data hiding to realise reliable message retrieval. To this end, in this paper, a metric model to estimate the robustness of data hiding for noisy transmission based on the statistical characteristics of cover and embedding operation is presented, the former is mainly reflected by spatial frequency and texture feature, and the latter embedding operation is mainly reflected by embedding modification. The goal is to ensure that both statistical characteristics and embedding operation can be used to maximise the embedding robustness. To the best knowledge, it is the first time to estimate robustness before data hiding by a special metric model. Experimental results show that, by combining the proposed metric model in three classical data hiding methods, i.e. BPS, DE and QIM, the robustness can be significantly improved, which demonstrates its superiority and applicability.
‘Writing’ small states: contextualizing the construct in the Arab Gulf
Authors: Sadiki Larbi , Saleh Layla 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHow do IR scholars ‘write’ the Arab Gulf? In attempting to address this question, the focus is twofold: first, the ‘small state’ as a construct and second, its application to the study of Gulf small states. The article tries to grapple with issues inherent in such an enterprise by providing a critical assessment of recent scholarship on the topic, with special reference to Qatar and the UAE. The problematic comes to the fore in a context of these two countries’ increasing regional and international visibility, as well as what seems to be renewed scholarly interest in small states, more generally. Specifically, this analysis primarily seeks to relativize the small state within the Arab Gulf sub-region, drawing attention to ontological and epistemological issues. In so doing, the article offers some heuristics for the writing of small states in the Arab Gulf. One suggestion put forward in the article is more scrutiny of the regional context; what is called here the ‘hydrocarbon semi-periphery’; and misgivings (conceptual and empirical) concerning, respectively, the treatment of ‘soft power,’ mediation, and intervention. One parting idea to derive from this line of inquiry is its cautionary note against inflating the utility or the explanatory power of a catch-all ‘small state’ construct when it comes to non-Western settings.
The interplay of proficiency and study abroad experience on the prosody of L2 speech acts
Authors: Kang Okim , Kermad Alyssa , Taguchi Naoko 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAdoptingBrazil’s (1997)prosodic framework, this study examined whether proficiency and study abroad experience impact second language (L2) English learners’ spoken production of speech acts. Twenty-four native English speakers and 64 Japanese learners of L2 English participated in the study. The L2 learner group was divided into three sub-groups: (1) high proficiency learners with study abroad (SA) experience (2) low proficiency learners with no SA experience, and (3) high proficiency learners without SA experience. Participants completed an oral discourse completion task that assessed their ability to produce two speech acts (requests and opinions) in high- and low-imposition situations. Prosodic features including intonation, pitch range, and sentence prominence were analyzed via PRAAT. The findings revealed a complex interplay between proficiency and SA experience on pragma-prosodic production. Implications suggest that SA may have the added benefit of providing the backdrop for authentic contextual functions of prosody in high- and low- imposition situations.
Parameter setting and acceleration
Authors: Scalise Elena , Stahnke Johanna , Müller Natascha 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe present contribution analyzes the acquisition of subjects in French based on a longitudinal case study of a trilingual child aged 2;8–3;2 who acquired French, Italian and Spanish simultaneously. The three languages vary with respect to the null-subject property; French is traditionally characterized as a non-null-subject language, while Italian and Spanish are prototypical null-subject languages. Argument subject omissions in French are ungrammatical but frequently observed in monolingual children in early acquisitional phases, as are ungrammatical postverbal subjects which cluster with null-subjects. Bilingual children acquiring French produce fewer subject omissions and postverbal subjects. The present study also finds an acceleration effect in the trilingual child. The results are interpreted in light of a parameter setting which accounts for different verb classes at different locations with which the null-subjects occur, giving rise to ‘categorial CS’ or ‘congruent categorialization.’
Analyzing variability in L2 ultimate attainment
Authors: Birdsong David 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Ultimate attainment is typically more heterogeneous among second-language (L2) learners than among native speakers (e.g. Bley-Vroman, 1990). The present study offers a suite of simple analytical procedures aimed at exploring types and loci of variability in L2 attainment vis-à-vis those in the corresponding first language (L1), with special attention to certain learner-external factors that might condition such variabilities. To demonstrate the methods and their potential, we apply these procedures to learner and native acceptability judgment data published in Birdsong (1992). Under means analyses of item ratings and coefficients of variation (CV), a group of adult Anglophone learners of L2 French (ENS) are found to resemble native French controls (FNS). In contrast, under correlational analyses of ratings and CVs, ENS resemble FNS on grammatical items, but diverge on ungrammatical items. Correlational and means analyses of both CV and acceptability ratings reveal that ENS-FNS convergence is not predictable from the degree of FNS ratings variability, contra DeKeyser (2012). For both groups, we observe an interaction between FNS ratings variability and the grammatical status of items (ungrammatical vs. grammatical). Finally, for neither group do we find a relationship between the order of item presentation and ratings severity or CVs. We present our perspectives as a road map for future analyses of variabilities inherent in language learning outcomes.
Effects of proficiency and collaborative work on child EFL individual dictogloss writing
Authors: Calzada Asier , García Mayo María del Pilar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Collaborative writing has been traditionally studied in terms of language-related episodes (LREs), which have been
shown to be influenced by learner proficiency. Yet, the impact of collaboration on the written product has received less
attention, especially regarding child EFL learners. Our study analyzes the individual reconstructions produced by 30
Spanish-Basque EFL children (aged 11–12) before and after (T1 and T3) they completed a collaborative dictogloss (T2). From the
analysis of their LREs at T2, we predicted that certain areas (grammar and mechanics) could reflect more changes at T3 than
others. Moreover, we wanted to determine whether those changes were moderated by the learners’ and their partners’ proficiency at
T2: low (LP) or high (HP). Text-based and rubric measurements showed that only grammatical complexity improved in children’s
individual writing from T1 to T3. Regarding proficiency, LP children performed significantly worse than their HP counterparts at
T1 and T3 in most writing dimensions. Partner proficiency only influenced accuracy, and unexpectedly, working with an LP partner
did not appear to have a detrimental effect. Our findings stress the need to carry out longitudinal studies to further determine
the role of collaboration in L2 writing and knowledge development.
Pair dynamics and language-related episodes in child EFL task-based peer interaction
Authors: Pladevall-Ballester Elisabet 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Previous research shows young learners are indeed able to interact in a foreign language (FL) and negotiate for meaning while also attending to form. One of the variables that has been least studied among young learners (YLs) in FL contexts is the kind of relationships established among the members of a dyad and how the nature of pair dynamics affects the learners’ ability to attend to language. The present study explores the pair dynamics and the frequency and types of language learning opportunities in the form of language-related episodes (LREs) that emerge during peer interaction in a spot-the-differences task completed by young learners in an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context. We also examine the effects of age and pair dynamics on the production of these LREs. Results suggest that children interact mainly using collabo­rative patterns and can actually attend to language in episodes which are mainly meaning-focused and are resolved particularly in expert/novice dyads. Age has been found to significantly affect the production of LREs but pair dynamics seems to be less determinant. Findings corroborate the need for YLs to be given the chance to interact with their peers in class to foster learning opportunities.
Understandable public anger
Authors: Breeze Ruth 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the ten years from 2008 onwards the banking sector was constantly in the spotlight. Blame for the financial crisis and concern regarding controversial government bailouts were followed by public outrage about inflated bonuses, money laundering and false reporting. Over this period, banks deployed a range of legitimation strategies to salvage their reputation. This paper proposes a modified typology of legitimation strategies based on previous research (van Leeuwen and Wodak 1999; Vaara, Tienari and Laurila 2006), and examines how these are used by in the “letter to shareholders” published by the chairs of the five main UK-based banks over the ten years following the crisis. The strategies are analysed in terms of their object, target and interdiscursive features, and the particular persuasive roles of narrative and emotion are underlined.
Soliton solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with defect conditions
Authors: Gruner K T 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Motivated by a recent development in the derivation of soliton solutions for initial-boundary value problems via the dressing method, we reconsider solutions to the nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation on two half-lines connected via integrable defect conditions. The dressing method to construct soliton solutions is applied, while preserving the spectral boundary constraint with a time-dependent defect matrix. Moreover, N-soliton solutions are explicitly constructed and it is proven that the solitons are transmitted through the defect independently of one another.
Bifurcations of hidden orbits in discontinuous maps
Authors: Avrutin Viktor , Jeffrey Mike R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
One-dimensional maps with discontinuities are known to exhibit bifurcations somewhat different to those of continuous maps. Freed from the constraints of continuity, and hence from the balance of stability that is maintained through fold, flip, and other standard bifurcations, the attractors of discontinuous maps can appear as if from nowhere, and change period or stability almost arbitrarily. But in fact this is misleading, and if one includes states inside the discontinuity in the map, highly unstable ‘hidden orbits’ are created that have iterates on the discontinuity. These populate the bifurcation diagrams of discontinuous maps with just the necessary unstable branches to make them resemble those of continuous maps, namely fold, flip, and other familiar bifurcations. Here we analyse such bifurcations in detail, focussing first on folds and flips, then on bifurcations characterised by creating infinities of orbits, chaotic repellers, and infinite accumulations of sub-bifurcations. We show the role that hidden orbits play, and how they capture the topological structures of continuous maps with steep branches. This suggests both that a more universal dynamical systems theory marrying continuous and discontinuous systems is possible, and shows how discontinuities can be used to approximate steep jumps in continuous systems without losing any of their topological structure.
Asymmetric multiscale multifractal analysis (AMMA) of heart rate variability
Authors: Kokosińska Dorota , Żebrowski Jan Jacek , Buchner Teodor , Baranowski Rafał , Orłowska-Baranowska Ewa 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective. The physiological activity of the heart is controlled and modulated mostly by the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is therefore used to observe fluctuations that reflect changes in the activity in these two branches. Knowing that acceleration and deceleration patterns in heart rate fluctuations are asymmetrically distributed, the ability to analyze HRV asymmetry was introduced into MMA. Approach. The new method is called asymmetric multiscale multifractal analysis (AMMA) and the analysis involved six groups: 36 healthy persons, 103 cases with aortic valve stenosis, 36 with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 32 with atrial fibrillation, 59 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and 13 with congestive heart failure. Main results. Analyzing the results obtained for the 6 groups of patients based on the AMMA method, i.e. comparing the Hurst surfaces for heart rate decelerations and accelerations, it was noticed that these surfaces differ significantly. And the differences occur in most groups for large fluctuations (multifractal parameter q > 0). In addition, a similarity was found for all groups for the AMMA Hurst surface for decelerations to the MMA Hurst surface—heart rate decelerations (lengthening of the RR intervals) appears to be the main factor determining the shape of the complete Hurst surface and so the multifractal properties of HRV. The differences between the groups, especially for CAD, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and aortic valve stenosis, are more visible if the Hurst surfaces are analyzed separately for accelerations and decelerations. Significance. The AMMA results presented here may provide additional input for HRV analysis and create a new paradigm for future medical screening. Note that the HRV analysis using MMA (without distinguishing accelerations from decelerations) gave satisfactory screening statistics in our previous studies.
Prolonged function and optimization of actomyosin motility for upscaled network-based biocomputation
Authors: Salhotra Aseem , Zhu Jingyuan , Surendiran Pradheebha , Meinecke Christoph Robert , Lyttleton Roman , Ušaj Marko , Lindberg Frida W , Norrby Marlene , Linke Heiner , Månsson Alf 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Significant advancements have been made towards exploitation of naturally available molecular motors and their associated cytoskeletal filaments in nanotechnological applications. For instance, myosin motors and actin filaments from muscle have been used with the aims to establish new approaches in biosensing and network-based biocomputation. The basis for these developments is a version of the in vitro motility assay (IVMA) where surface-adsorbed myosin motors propel the actin filaments along suitably derivatized nano-scale channels on nanostructured chips. These chips are generally assembled into custom-made microfluidic flow cells. For effective applications, particularly in biocomputation, it is important to appreciably prolong function of the biological system. Here, we systematically investigated potentially critical factors necessary to achieve this, such as biocompatibility of different components of the flow cell, the degree of air exposure, assay solution composition and nanofabrication methods. After optimizing these factors we prolonged the function of actin and myosin in nanodevices for biocomputation from <20 min to >60 min. In addition, we demonstrated that further optimizations could increase motility run times to >20 h. Of great importance for the latter development was a switch of glucose oxidase in the chemical oxygen scavenger system (glucose oxidase–glucose–catalase) to pyranose oxidase, combined with the use of blocking actin (non-fluorescent filaments that block dead motors). To allow effective testing of these approaches we adapted commercially available microfluidic channel slides, for the first time demonstrating their usefulness in the IVMA. As part of our study, we also demonstrate that myosin motor fragments can be stored at −80 °C for more than 10 years before use for nanotechnological purposes. This extended shelf-life is important for the sustainability of network-based biocomputation.
Autocorrelation function for estimating static pressure fluctuation intensity in incompressible homogeneous turbulence under an intermediate Reynolds number
Authors: Suzuki Hiroki , Mochizuki Shinsuke , Hasegawa Yutaka 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study presents a simple form of an autocorrelation function that estimates the relative static pressure fluctuation intensity in the intermediate range of Reynolds numbers. When the Reynolds number is high or low, values of relative static pressure fluctuation intensity are each derived as simple values. This study attempts to estimate the intensity between high and low Reynolds numbers. Using the joint-normal approximation in the velocity field allows the relative static pressure fluctuation intensity to be given by integrating a function based on the autocorrelation function. For high and low Reynolds numbers, the autocorrelation function is given as exponential and Gaussian profiles, respectively. This study adds a higher-order term to these functions using Gram–Charlier and power series expansion. In the incompressible turbulence, a correlation function has to satisfy the continuity equation. Also, there is a defined relationship between the integral scale and the Taylor microscale derived from the autocorrelation function. This study investigates an autocorrelation function that satisfies these conditions. The value of one constant included in the present autocorrelation function shown in this study is derived as the appropriate value based on these conditions.
Emission of cosmic rays from Pulsar wind nebulae
Authors: Dai Xuer 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The goal of the paper is to interpret AMS-02 positron data. Most of the positrons come from secondary production which can fit well the data below 10 GeV. However, above 10 GeV the positron flux detected is much higher than the predictions for the secondary production. This is called ‘positron excess’ whose origin remains unknown, and interpretations including supernova remnants, pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) or dark matter have been considered. In this paper, we investigate if PWNe can explain this ‘positron excess’ and whether a single pulsar can contribute entirely to it. To do this, we select some powerful pulsars in the ATNF Pulsar Catalogue with specific age and distances from earth and calculate their positron flux. By using a minimization package in Python to adjust the spectral slope of the PWNe and the normalization of the secondaries, we find the best fit to AMS-02 data for each of those pulsars. We can see from the result that if we want to explain the ‘positron excess’ using a single pulsar, Geminga is the best solution in the ATNF Pulsar Catalogue. Moreover, we find that except for the powerful pulsar J0633+1746 (Geminga), B1742-30 and J1741-2054, most of the pulsars we selected need an efficiency much greater than 1 to fit the data. It means that for those pulsars, one pulsar’s energy is not powerful enough to explain the data entirely. Therefore, for pulsars that are not powerful enough, adding more pulsars together provides us with a possible way to interpret this ‘positron excess’ problem.
Numerical simulation of the exposed area of high-altitude electromagnetic pulse on the ground and its influencing factors
Authors: Li Ya , Wang Jianguo , Zuo Yinghong , Zhu Jinhui , Niu Shengli 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In traditional High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP) research, the line-of-sight area on the earth’s surface of the burst is approximately regarded as the exposed area of HEMP on the ground. However, the line-of-sight area is only affected by the height of burst, and cannot reflect the influence of yield and the distribution of peak HEMP fields on the ground. In this paper, the ground distance between ground zero and the southernmost point of peak HEMP field contour is defined as south radius for explosions in the northern hemisphere. The numerical simulation results of south radius of different peak HEMP field contours are given, and the impact of burst height and yield on south radius is analysed. It is concluded that when the yield is fixed, the south radius increases first and then decreases as the burst height increases. When the burst height is fixed, the south radius increases as the yield increases, but the rate of increase keeps decreasing.
Application of the complete flux scheme to radio frequency discharge models
Authors: Liu Lei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper is concerned with the application of transient complete flux scheme to a radio frequency discharge model in a one-dimensional geometry. The transient complete flux scheme and exponential difference scheme are used to discretize plasma fluxes in space. Temporal discretization is performed by using implicit Euler method and the 2-step backward differentiation formula of first and second orders. Numerical experiments are carried out to evaluate the order and level of accuracy. The results obtained by the complete flux scheme prove to have uniformly second-order accuracy for the spatial error and coincide with solutions calculated from the fourth-order deferred correction technique.