bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A description and examination of cyber‐bullying victimisation in the UK
Authors: Tzani Calli , Ioannou Maria , Synnott John , McDonnell Dean , Pylarinou Ntaniella‐Roumpini 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCyber bullying (CB) might be relatively new in comparison to School‐Bullying (SB); nonetheless, both types have a negative impact on victims' psychological state. This project investigated CB in the UK and examined the victimisation means, as well as the reasons behind it. Four hundred and eight participants completed an online survey, which includes the 52‐item measure Cyber‐bullying and Online Aggression survey (CBOAS). The survey was advertised on social media and was active for nine months. From the sample, 37.26% reported that they had experienced CB victimisation more than once. Females seem to be more frequently involved in CB, particularly on Facebook and by spreading rumours. Such incidents usually result from arguments in real‐life settings. Many victims were able to stop their CB victimisation by standing up to their CB perpetrators. There are indications that CB functions as a subtype of SB. Implications and limitations are discussed in detail.
Business model innovation in the agricultural supply chain at Bottom of the Pyramid: Evidence from India
Authors: Shukla Suwarna , Sengupta Tuhin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBusiness model innovation at the Bottom of the Pyramid (BoP) is typically understood from the “poor as buyers' lens.” Through the lens of stakeholder theory and sharing economy principle, our study documents, with the help of a participative observation approach, how business model innovation (BMI) is successfully implemented at the BoP with “poor as suppliers.” We show how design of incentives to stakeholders becomes a crucial factor toward successful implementation of BMI in subsistence markets. Further, we show how sharing economy principles are applied in agriculture, leading to economic and social sustainability to stakeholders. Our findings support the emerging literature on how such innovation can contribute to poverty alleviation in an emerging market context.
Role of management practices and their effects on firm performance: Emerging market context
Authors: Parameswar Nakul , Hasan Zuby , Dhir Sanjay 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUnconventional factors are usually ignored in their influence on the firm's performance. The study develops a fundamental model to evaluate the role of management on firm's performance by assessing strategic flexibility, knowledge management, corporate governance, firm's resilience, and adoption of information, communication, and technology on firm's performance. The results suggest that the adoption of information, communication, and technology followed by corporate governance significantly influences a firm's performance. It also indicates that the quality of products and workplace training significantly enhance the firm's performance. This study suggests that academicians should look beyond the usual factors that influence firm performance in a volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous world.
Enhancing knowledge transferability: A contradiction of the codification approach
Authors: Grinberg Elvira , Strakhovich Elvira 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStructure of the codified knowledge matters: it defines knowledge transferability while its absence creates information overload. Knowledge transferability creates organizational value through an increase of intellectual capital, innovative activity, and firm performance. The knowledge‐based view postulates higher transferability of codified knowledge, but the codification approach complies with a set of contradictions. The present empirical study uncovers nonlinear relationships between knowledge structure and knowledge transferability and encourages further studies toward search for optimal knowledge structure.
Fun to drive? The dynamics of car manufacturers' differentiation strategies
Authors: Hoeft Fabian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCar manufacturers attempt to differentiate through a combination of technological and nontechnological differentiators, motivated by varying degrees of sustainability and competitive advantage rationale across first movers and followers. This paper investigates how differentiation efforts disseminate from individual firms to industry‐wide engagements and why some firms decide to move first. The case of incumbent car manufacturers is used to shed light on how and why firms differentiate and how differentiation links to the sustainability transition of the industry. The research highlights that car manufacturers attempt to differentiate through a combination of technological and nontechnological differentiators, motivated by varying degrees of sustainability and competitive advantage rationale across first movers and followers. A first‐mover advantage is particularly evident in technological differentiators.
Understanding the stimuli, scope, and impact of organizational transformation: The context of eBusiness technologies in supply chains
Authors: Bak Ozlem 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWith eBusiness technologies seen as a source of competitive edge, supply chains are facing organizational transformation. The supply chain transformation has been widely explored in the context of standalone case studies focusing on either systems, relationships, or implications of projects to supply or manufacturing risk. The research has been limited to address the underlying reasons for variance in organizational transformations effort. This study employs a case study in an automotive supply chain, followed by a questionnaire distributed to four automotive supply chains achieving 65 responses. The findings indicate that organizational transformation can vary based on the relationship between individual eBusiness technology and its stimulus (responsive, anticipatory, and/or proactive), its scope (evolutionary vs. radical change), and the extent of organizational transformation impact (departmental and/or business unit and/or supply chain level impact). Within this context, the current study brings forth new findings in automotive supply chains in which the individual eBusiness technologies indicated a variance across the supply chains.
The Value of Lung Ultrasound to Detect the Early Pleural and Pulmonary Pathologies in Nonhospitalized COVID‐19‐Suspected Cases in a Population With a Low Prevalence of COVID‐19 Infection: A Prospective Study in 297 Subjects
Authors: Safai Zadeh Ehsan , Huber Katharina P. , Dietrich Christoph F. , Trenker Corinna , Martin Evelyn , Beutel Björn , Wollenberg Birgit , Görg Christian 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesThis prospective study aimed to evaluate the value of B‐mode lung ultrasound (LUS) for the early diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection in nonhospitalized COVID‐19 suspected cases in a population with a low prevalence of disease.MethodsFrom April 2020 to June 2020, in an ambulatory testing center for COVID‐19‐suspected cases, 297 subjects were examined by LUS before a nasopharyngeal swab was taken for a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) test. The following LUS findings were defined as pathological ultrasound findings and were analyzed: the presence of 1) pleural effusion, 2) B‐lines, 3) fragmented visceral pleura, 4) consolidation, and 5) air bronchogram in the consolidation. The LUS findings were compared with the RT‐PCR test results.ResultsThe result of the RT‐PCR test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) was positive in 11 and negative in 286 subjects, and the prevalence of COVID‐19 infection in the study participants was 3.7%. On LUS, a pathological finding could be detected in 56/297 (18.9%) study participants. The LUS revealed a sensitivity of 27.3%, a specificity of 81.5%, a positive predictive value of 5.4%, a negative predictive value of 96.7%, and a diagnostic accuracy of 79.9% for the identification of COVID‐19 infection.ConclusionsFor the identification of COVID‐19 infection, LUS is highly sensitive to the patient spectrum and to the prevalence of the disease. Due to the low diagnostic performance in nonhospitalized COVID‐19 cases in low‐prevalence areas, LUS cannot be considered to be an adequate method for making a diagnosis in this group.
A novel‐optimal monitoring model of rocky desertification based on feature space models with typical surface parameters derived from LANDSAT_8 OLI
Authors: Guo Bing , Zhang Dafu , Lu Yuefeng , Yang Fei , Meng Chao , Han Baomin , Zang Wenqian , Zhao Huihui , Wei Cuixia , Wu Hongwei , Hou Chunhong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrevious studies monitoring the spatial distribution of rocky desertification have used single indices, a comprehensive index, or image classification. However, these approaches could not distinguish between the degrees of rocky desertification as they did not consider various influencing factors and their interactions. To avoid the above shortcomings, this study used the feature space model and seven typical land surface parameters to establish two categories of rocky desertification model: (1) a point‐to‐point model; and (2) a point‐to‐line model. A novel model for the optimal monitoring of rocky desertification was then proposed, which could take the comprehensive impacts of the human‐nature system on the process of rocky desertification. The results showed that: (1) the feature space models provided a novel approach to large‐scale monitoring of rocky desertification; (2) the point‐to‐line model incorporating the rock bare index (RBI)‐dryness index feature space showed the optimal applicability for monitoring of rocky desertification, with a precision of 93.4%; and (3) the RBI performed the best in indicating the process of rocky desertification, with an average precision of 88.5%. The results of this study can act as a reference within the investigation of the spatiotemporal evolution of rocky desertification for karst mountain areas.
Extended high frequency hearing loss in tinnitus‐positive chronic suppurative otitis media patient
Authors: Mohd Salehuddin Nur Syazwani , Md Daud Mohd Khairi , Nik Othman Nik Adilah , Abd Rahman Normastura 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the association between extended high frequency hearing loss and tinnitus in normal cochlear function based on a conventional audiometry chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) patient.Design and methodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted on 220 ears diagnosed as having CSOM with an equal number of tinnitus and without tinnitus groups. Only those with normal cochlear function based on conventional pure tone audiometry (250 Hz to 8 kHz) were included. They were further tested for hearing at extended high frequencies of up to 16 kHz. The severity of tinnitus was tested using a tinnitus questionnaire.ResultsThe prevalence of extended high frequency hearing loss in the normal cochlear function CSOM patients with tinnitus was 81.8% (95% CI 74.5%, 89.1%), whereas the prevalence in the tinnitus negative group was 30.0% (95% CI 21.3%, 38.7%). There was a significant association between extended high frequency hearing loss and tinnitus in CSOM patients (P < .001). The average thresholds were significantly higher in the tinnitus group at all extended high frequencies tested with an increasing trend of significance toward the higher frequencies. However, this study did not observe any association between the severity of tinnitus and extended high frequency hearing loss.ConclusionThe development of tinnitus among normal cochlear function CSOM patients indicates that the damage has occurred at a higher frequency level. However, the severity of tinnitus does not predict the degree of higher frequency hearing loss. Therefore, the presence of tinnitus warrants more aggressive monitoring and treatment to prevent sensorineural hearing loss from developing into the speech frequencies.Level of Evidence4.
A novel mutation of AMHR2 in two brothers with persistent Müllerian duct syndrome and their intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcome
Authors: Fang Jianzheng , Gao Gao , Liu Jinyong , Cai Lingbo , Cui Yugui , Yang Xiaoyu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPersistent Müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS) is defined as the presence of Müllerian duct derivatives in an otherwise normally virilized 46, XY male. It is usually caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in either the anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) or AMH receptor type 2 (AMHR2) genes. The main purpose of the study is to determine the novel mutations of AMHR2 in PMDS patients and their intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes (ICSI).MethodsWhole‐exome sequencing (WES) was carried out. Sanger sequencing was used to detect mutations in AMHR2. The pathogenicity of the identified variant and its possible effects on the protein were evaluated with in silico tools. The expression level of AMHR2 was determined by Western blotting. The spermatogenic function was evaluated by testicular sperm aspiration and histopathologic examination. The ICSI outcomes were recorded.ResultsWe present two brothers with a history of bilateral cryptorchidism with orchidopexy and infertility due to azoospermia. A novel compound heterozygous mutation of c.1219C>T [p.R407X] and c.1387C>T [p.R463C] in exons 9 and 10 of AMHR2 (NM_020547.2) was detected by whole‐exome sequencing (WES). Spermatozoon could be retrieved from the two patients by testicular aspiration following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) due to azoospermia. Finally, patient 1 had two healthy boys and patient 2 failed to conceive after three ICSI attempts.ConclusionThe spermatozoa could obtain from PMDS patients due to azoospermia. For patients with bilateral cryptorchidism, PMDS should be included in the differential diagnosis and that genetic counseling needs to be considered when they seek reproductive help.
Detection of TSC1/TSC2 mosaic variants in patients with cardiac rhabdomyoma and tuberous sclerosis complex by hybrid‐capture next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Wang Siyu , Sun Hairui , Wang Jianbin , Gu Xiaoyan , Han Lu , Wu Yuduo , Yan He , Han Ling , Zhang Hongjia , He Yihua 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundFetal cardiac rhabdomyoma (CR) is strongly associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), which is caused by variants in TSC1 and TSC2. However, in 10%–15% of patients with clinically confirmed TSC, no TSC1/TSC2 variants are identified by panel sequencing or multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA).MethodsWe analyzed eight fetuses with CR and their families. No TSC1/TSC2 variants had previously been identified for six of these fetuses, and we suspected the other two families of gonadal mosaicism. We performed next‐generation sequencing (NGS) using CR tissue, umbilical cord tissue, and parental blood. All positive results, involving two paternal semen, were verified by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR).ResultsFour fetuses carried low‐level mosaic variants (0.05%–14.89%), and two only exhibited somatic mosaic variants in the CR tissue (15.76% and 37.69%). Two fathers had gonadal mosaicism (9.07% and 4.86%). We identified nine pathogenic variants in eight fetuses, including one fetus with a second‐hit variant.ConclusionThe fetuses assessed in this study carried low‐level and somatic mosaic variants, and CR tissue from one fetus exhibited a second‐hit variant. Heterozygous gonadal variants can exist in patients with low‐level mosaicism. Combining NGS with ddPCR improves the accuracy of prenatal TSC diagnosis.
Partial second‐toe pulp free flap for fingertip reconstruction: Experience and surgical tips to minimize complications
Authors: Kwon Hyo Jeong , Yoon Sungyeon , Han Hyun Ho , Moon Suk‐Ho 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundTraumatic fingertip injury is a common hand injury and various methods are available to address them. The partial second‐toe pulp (PSTP) free flap is useful because of the similarity in shape, texture, and sensation to the fingertips. However, there may be many difficulties during surgery. The purpose of this report is to make the surgery easier and minimize complications by sharing the surgical tips of the authors obtained through many experiences.Patients and MethodsThirty patients who underwent PSTP free flap due to trauma were reviewed retrospectively from February 2015 to June 2018. The average age of the patients was 49.4 years. Seventeen were injured on the right side and 13 were on the left side. After removal of the injured tissue, a teardrop‐shaped flap was harvested from the medial side of the second toe. When inset, skin graft or vein graft was performed if necessary. When primary closure of the donor site was difficult, skin graft was performed (n = 21). The factors noted during surgery were analyzed.ResultsThe flap size was 2.39 (range: 1.5–5) x 1.29 (range: 1–1.8) cm2. All flaps survived. Venous congestion was found in two patients, neuroma was found in one patient, and partial necrosis was found in two patients; all recovered with conservative care. The mean follow up periods was 5.79 (range: 2–18) months. None of the patients had functional impairment.ConclusionSuccessful reconstruction and enhanced functional and cosmetic effects can be achieved using surgical tips.
Rapid simultaneous acquisition of macromolecular tissue volume, susceptibility, and relaxometry maps
Authors: Yu Fang Frank , Huang Susie Yi , Kumar Ashwin , Witzel Thomas , Liao Congyu , Duval Tanguy , Cohen‐Adad Julien , Bilgic Berkin 
Published: September 2021

PurposeA major obstacle to the clinical implementation of quantitative MR is the lengthy acquisition time required to derive multi‐contrast parametric maps. We sought to reduce the acquisition time for QSM and macromolecular tissue volume by acquiring both contrasts simultaneously by leveraging their redundancies. The joint virtual coil concept with GRAPPA (JVC‐GRAPPA) was applied to reduce acquisition time further.MethodsThree adult volunteers were imaged on a 3 Tesla scanner using a multi‐echo 3D GRE sequence acquired at 3 head orientations. Macromolecular tissue volume, QSM, , T1, and proton density maps were reconstructed. The same sequence (GRAPPA R = 4) was performed in subject 1 with a single head orientation for comparison. Fully sampled data was acquired in subject 2, from which retrospective undersampling was performed (R = 6 GRAPPA and R = 9 JVC‐GRAPPA). Prospective undersampling was performed in subject 3 (R = 6 GRAPPA and R = 9 JVC‐GRAPPA) using gradient blips to shift k‐space sampling in later echoes.ResultsSubject 1’s multi‐orientation and single‐orientation macromolecular tissue volume maps were not significantly different based on RMSE. For subject 2, the retrospectively undersampled JVC‐GRAPPA and GRAPPA generated similar results as fully sampled data. This approach was validated with the prospectively undersampled images in subject 3. Using QSM, , and macromolecular tissue volume, the contributions of myelin and iron content to susceptibility were estimated.ConclusionWe have developed a novel strategy to simultaneously acquire data for the reconstruction of 5 intrinsically coregistered 1‐mm isotropic resolution multi‐parametric maps, with a scan time of 6 min using JVC‐GRAPPA.
MRI‐guided attenuation correction in torso PET/MRI: Assessment of segmentation‐, atlas‐, and deep learning‐based approaches in the presence of outliers
Authors: Arabi Hossein , Zaidi Habib 
Published: September 2021

PurposeWe compare the performance of three commonly used MRI‐guided attenuation correction approaches in torso PET/MRI, namely segmentation‐, atlas‐, and deep learning‐based algorithms.MethodsTwenty‐five co‐registered torso 18F‐FDG PET/CT and PET/MR images were enrolled. PET attenuation maps were generated from in‐phase Dixon MRI using a three‐tissue class segmentation‐based approach (soft‐tissue, lung, and background air), voxel‐wise weighting atlas‐based approach, and a residual convolutional neural network. The bias in standardized uptake value (SUV) was calculated for each approach considering CT‐based attenuation corrected PET images as reference. In addition to the overall performance assessment of these approaches, the primary focus of this work was on recognizing the origins of potential outliers, notably body truncation, metal‐artifacts, abnormal anatomy, and small malignant lesions in the lungs.ResultsThe deep learning approach outperformed both atlas‐ and segmentation‐based methods resulting in less than 4% SUV bias across 25 patients compared to the segmentation‐based method with up to 20% SUV bias in bony structures and the atlas‐based method with 9% bias in the lung. The deep learning‐based method exhibited superior performance. Yet, in case of sever truncation and metallic‐artifacts in the input MRI, this approach was outperformed by the atlas‐based method, exhibiting suboptimal performance in the affected regions. Conversely, for abnormal anatomies, such as a patient presenting with one lung or small malignant lesion in the lung, the deep learning algorithm exhibited promising performance compared to other methods.ConclusionThe deep learning‐based method provides promising outcome for synthetic CT generation from MRI. However, metal‐artifact and body truncation should be specifically addressed.
A multigrid local smoother approach for a domain decomposition solver over non‐matching grids
Authors: Bornia Giorgio , Chierici Andrea , Chirco Leonardo , Giovacchini Valentina , Manservisi Sandro 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper we consider a multigrid approach for solving elliptic equations over non‐matching grids with domain decomposition methods. The domain is partitioned into subdomains with different mesh levels that do not match at the interface. The proposed algorithm searches for the global solution over different levels by projecting the residuals on the overlap region. This method is used in conjunction with a domain decomposition solver which only requires, in each iteration step, the solutions of several small local subproblems over finite element blocks. This algorithm is shown to converge to the solution of the corresponding Lagrange multiplier problem for non‐matching grids. The convergence properties of the algorithms are analyzed and numerical examples are presented. When the multigrid and domain decomposition approaches are combined, the method is shown to be reliable and easy to implement. Furthermore the local nature of the solver allows for a straightforward implementation on multiple parallel computers and graphics processing unit (GPU) clusters.
Numerical results for a fourth‐order nonlinear wave equation of Kirchhoff type with a viscoelastic term
Authors: Thanh Le Thi Mai , Dung Tran Trinh Manh , Nhan Nguyen Huu , Ngoc Le Thi Phuong , Long Nguyen Thanh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, numerical results for a fourth‐order nonlinear wave equation of Kirchhoff type with a viscoelastic term are established. First, the existence and uniqueness of a solution is proved by applying the Faedo–Galerkin method and the weak compact method. Next, an algorithm to the initial boundary value problem for a nonlinear evolution equation of fourth order is studied where the spatial‐variable discretization and time‐variable discretization are constructed to approximate derivatives by the difference schemes. Finally, the numerical results are shown to present the errors of proposed algorithm. Simulations of the approximate solution and the exact solution are also visualized.