bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bio-inspired and computer-supported design of modulated shape changes in polymer materials
Authors: Bäckemo Johan , Liu Yue , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Venus flytrap is a fascinating plant with a finely tuned mechanical bi-stable system, which can switch between mono- and bi-stability. Here, we combine geometrical design of compliant mechanics and the function of shape-memory polymers to enable switching between bi- and mono-stable states. Digital design and modelling using the Chained Beam Constraint Model forecasted two geometries, which were experimentally realized as structured films of cross-linked poly[ethylene-co-(vinyl acetate)] supported by digital manufacturing. Mechanical evaluation confirmed our predicted features. We demonstrated that a shape-memory effect could switch between bi- and mono-stability for the same construct, effectively imitating the Venus flytrap.

Graphic Abstract
High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Cholesterol Level as Risk Markers for Both Periodontitis and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Hama Balen , Zardawi Faraedon , Mustafa Hemn , Gul Sarhang 
Published: July 2021

Objectives: The association between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has received considerable attention, although it is unclear whether there is a causal component. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the Correlation between high sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) and total blood cholesterol levels in periodontitis (PD) and coronary artery disease (CAD).
Methods: Eighty subjects (40 males and 40 females) divided into four equal groups: Group 1: control group, healthy without CAD or PD, group 2: PD without CAD (n=20). group 3: PD with CAD, and group 4: CAD without PD. Periodontitis was defined according to the 2017 periodontal disease classification. Periodontal probing depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded. All participants were assessed for CAD by angiography (coronary computed tomography angiography or coronary angiography). Finally, serum hs-CRP and total cholesterol levels were determined by using the particle enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay method.
Results: The median of serum cholesterol and hs-CRP levels was significantly lower in the control group than the patients’ groups (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in gender and age among the studied groups (P>0.05). Furthermore, significant, positive, and strong correlations of PPD and CAL with the hs-CRP and Cholesterol.
Conclusions: Serum levels of hs-CRP and Cholesterol were positively proportionate to the measurements of CAL and PPD by increasing the severity of PD parameters (PPD and CAL), serum level of CAD biomarkers (hs-CRP and Cholesterol) were increased.
One Piece Dental Implants in Esthetic Zone
Authors: Mikaeel Jawad 
Published: July 2021

Objectives: In recent years, one-piece dental implants are widely used to replace missing teeth as the technique is minimally invasive, and its special design offers to be used in an atrophied and narrow bone. Few pieces of literature were found regarding the use of these dental implants in the esthetic zone. This study aimed to evaluate the esthetic satisfaction of patients treated with one-piece dental implants in the esthetic zone using a special technique to enhance gingival recontouring and provide an optimum emergence profile.
Methods: Twenty patients with single missing maxillary or mandibular teeth were enrolled in the study (25-50 year age group). They were treated by one-piece dental implants performing the flapless technique; a flame-shaped bur was used to create a sulcus around the implant abutment; the sulcus was then filled with flowable composite resin and allowed for seven days to recontour the gingival tissue. Esthetic satisfactions of the patients were evaluated two weeks and six months after the placement of the permanent crown using subjective and objective methods.
Results: The esthetic assessment after 14 days and after six months using the objective method Pink Esthetic Score / White Esthetic Score (PES / WES) index showed that 85% to 90% of the cases received PES and WES mean values of 6 or more, which is the threshold of clinical acceptability. Regarding the subjective method using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) index. After 14 days, the total means value for all the questions was (7.19), and the results after six months were (7.25). There was a statistically non-significant difference between the two-time intervals in both objective and subjective methods (P< 0.05).
Conclusions: It has been concluded that one-piece dental implants can be successfully used in the esthetic zone after the special gingival recontouring technique.
Effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy on Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius Muscles’ Spasm for Treatment and Alleviation of Temporomandibular Disorders
Authors: Majeed Trwska , Al-Aloosi Suha , Gharib Balkess 
Published: July 2021

Objectives: The aim was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of low-level laser therapy LLLT on pain intensity of different cervicofacial muscles symptoms to alleviation of temporomandibular disorders TMDs.
Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted on 60 patients. Patients were divided into three equal groups. The LLLT were received in Group 1: on masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joints TMJs. Group 2: on neck muscles. Group 3: on both masticatory and neck muscles with TMJ. Pain intensity was assessed before and after treatment by Visual Analogue Scale, and TMJ clicks recorded by normal listening, feeling, and palpation. Inter-incisor distance measured by digital Vernia calliper and LLLT therapy provided by BIOLASE-EPIC device. (Germany).
Results: Demographic features were not different among the groups. The highest pain score per case for TMJ and muscle, TMJ alone (arthrogenic), Muscle alone (myogenic) before and after LLLT was improved significantly p-value of <0.001.The majority of click types 38.4% improved, the frequency and types of clicks that were decreased significantly in all groups. The majority of clicks were either disappeared 40% or changed from painful to painless 31.7% clicks significantly p-value = 0.003. The maximum opening capacity MOC was significantly increased p<0.001 after LLLT.
Conclusions: The result recorded significant association between TMJ pain and neck muscles symptom. Further, there was significant improvement in TMD pain relief, TMJ click, and MOC after the application of LLLT to the neck muscles, Therefore LLLT could be suggested as a TMDs treatment option and added to the treatment protocol of TMDs.
BB-SPEEDset: A Validated Dataset of Broadband Near-Source Earthquake Ground Motions from 3D Physics-Based Numerical Simulations
Authors: Paolucci Roberto , Smerzini Chiara , Vanini Manuela 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTThis article introduces a strong-motion dataset of near-source broadband earthquake ground motions from 3D physics-based numerical simulations—named BB-SPEEDset—obtained by the code SPEED (SPectral Elements in Elastodynamics with Discontinuous Galerkin)—developed at Politecnico di Milano, Italy. Taking advantage of the earthquake ground-motion scenarios produced so far by SPEED, in most cases validated against earthquake recordings, the main objective of this work is to construct and validate a dataset of simulated broadband waveforms to be used as a support for characterization and modeling of near-source earthquake ground motions. To pursue this objective, the following steps were necessary, namely: (1) the implementation of an effective workflow suitable to process in an homogeneous format various SPEED simulations; (2) the generation of broadband time histories using a technique based on artificial neural networks, trained on strong-motion records; (3) the creation of a flat file collecting, for each simulated scenario, the most relevant metadata (fault rupture scenario, site response proxies, source-to-site distances) as well as a comprehensive set of ground-motion intensity measures of the processed broadband waveforms (peak ground acceleration, velocity and displacement, spectral ordinates, duration, pulse period, etc.). Finally, a comprehensive set of consistency checks is made to verify the absence of any systematic bias in the trend of the BB-SPEEDset results with respect to the NEar-Source Strong-motion (NESS) version 2.0 near-source recorded ground-motion dataset. Indeed, the main features of near-source ground motion in BB-SPEEDset, ranging from the statistical distributions of peak and integral measures both at short and long periods, the ground-motion attenuation with distance, to the features of impulsive ground motions and directionality effects, are in substantial agreement with those from NESS.
Influence of the hydraulic pump unit on the quality of the rolled surface
Authors: Glazunova N. A. , Potapenko Yu. A. 
Published: July 2021

To ensure the competitiveness of rolled metal in the modern market, the decisive factor is the quality of the rolled surface (defects with a depth of no more than 0.2 mm are allowed without stripping). Rolling processing is a source of formation of small surface defects, most of which are obtained in the process of deformation of a continuously cast billet (hereinafter referred to as CCB, billet) at hot rolling mills in the presence of areas with non-removed furnace scale. This is the main reason for the formation of such types of surface defects as rolled scale, ripple, scale shells, which reduces the quality of the rolled surface and increases the sorting of metal with surface defects. In addition, the scale not removed from the surface of the CCB has a negative impact not only on the quality of metal products, but also on the operation of rolling equipment.One of the directions that allows to achieve high quality of the surface of long products in production conditions is the effective removal of scale from the surface of the initial billet before hot deformation. Scale removal from the surface of the workpiece is carried out on the installation of a hydraulic descaling unit, but not always a satisfactory (complete) scale removal occurs.To determine the cause of poor – quality scale removal before hot deformation, the efficiency of the hydraulic descaling unit and the state of the metal – scale interface surface were investigated.
Preparation of silicon and aluminum nanoparticles in an aqueous solution
Authors: Anisovich A. G. , Laskovnev A. P. , Markevich M. I. , Malyshko A. N. , Zhuravleva V. I. 
Published: July 2021

The interest in nanomaterials is due to a significant change in their physical properties compared to massive materials. Changes in the physical and chemical properties of particles containing several hundred or thousands of atoms are determined by changes in the density of electronic states.Aqueous solutions of aluminum and silicon nanoparticles were obtained by laser ablation. Pulsed laser treatment was performed in the mode of double pulses in distilled water. The invested energy was: for aluminum 1000–1500 J, the exposure time is 10–25 min., for silicon-50–1000 J with exposure times from 1 to 10 min.The features of the morphology of the obtained particles, as well as the surface of polycrystalline aluminum and silicon craters, were determined by scanning electron microscopy. It is shown that an ensemble of particles of different sizes from 20 nm to 2.0 microns is formed. Some aluminum particles are cut, which allows us to talk about their cristallinity. It is shown that the structure of the target surface after laser exposure consists of grains separated from each other by thermal etching grooves, since the evaporation of the material occurs primarily along the grain boundaries.
Influence of Geometry and Boundary Conditions in Area of Cohesion between Materials on the Reflection of an Ultrasonic Beam. Part 1. Theoretical research
Authors: Bayev A. R. , Mayorov A. L. , Levkovich N. V. , Shavlovskiy D. V. , Asadchaya M. V. 
Published: July 2021

The improvement of efficiency, reliability and productivity of ultrasonic testing of objects with cohesion between materials connected by welding, soldering, gluing, etc. is 'an important problem of the modern production technologies. The purpose of the paper is to determine in 3D space the conditions for increasing the sensitivity and reliability of the flaw detection in the cohesion zone between materials when the form of defect interface can be different.In the first part of the theoretical study the features of the formation of the acoustic fields of ultrasonic waves scattered from solid's interface when spot of an acoustic beam crosses the boundary of the defective region in the shape of an ellipse or a long strip have been investigated. In this case, the boundary conditions in the defect area change discretely or linearly.It was suggested to use a phase shift between reflected waves from the defect and defect-free interfaces as the more informative parameter depending on the cohesion between materials. There is shown that there are conditions to achieve sufficiently high sensitivity detection of interface defects when the scattered waves receiving are to be at angles outside the main directivity lobe of the scattering field pattern. The evolution features of the scattering field structure which are needed for the development of the method of evaluation the cohesion of materials has been got.
Identification of Nucleus Sterility Candidate Genes using a Resequencing Technique in Sweet Pepper Sterile Line AB91
Authors: MENG YANING , Yan libin , zhang hongxiao , Fan Yanqin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Breeding hybrids with nuclear malesterile lines is an important method for the cross breeding of sweet peppers. To date, few reports have been published on the nuclear malesterility gene of sweet pepper.Yet, there are approximately 20 pepper nuclear malesterility lines in the world. Using the self-developed testing material, sweet pepper nuclear malesterile dual-purpose line AB91, the genome-wide resequencing technique was applied to find that the mutation site causing the abortion of sweet pepper nuclear malesterility AB91 is on chromosome #5. The mutation gene Capana05g000747 was filtered out and validated by the flight mass spectrometry genotyping and quantitative real-time PCR method and determined to be the gene causing the abortion of sweet pepper nuclear male sterility AB91.The gene Capana05g000747 mutation site is a non-synonymous mutation site located at the 6th exon,the base C mutated into A, and the amino acid changed from alanine to serine. The three-dimensional protein structure of fertile and sterile plant Capana05g000747 was predicted. The results showed that the three-dimensional structure of the two proteins was differed significantly. Sequence alignment analysis showed that the gene Capana05g000747 has a similar function to gene At2g02148. The gene At2g02148 contains a pentatricopeptide repeatprotein which has important physiological functions in the gene expression process of organelles and is closely related to the performance of malesterility genes. Therefore, Capana05g000747 was selected as an important candidate gene for sweet pepper nuclear male sterile testingmaterial AB91.
Designing magnetic field sensor based on tapered photonic crystal fibre assisted by a ferrofluid
Authors: Taghizadeh Mostafa , Bozorgzadeh Forough 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A novel magnetic field sensor is proposed based on the combination of in-line tapered photonic crystal fibre (PCF) MachZehnder interferometer (MZI) and magnetic nanoparticles. The sensor is theoretically investigated and experimentally realized. The effect of the mechanical strain and the magnetic field on the sensitivity of the sensor is studied. It is found that the proposed sensor shows a wavelength-sensitivity of −0.072nm/mT and a strain-sensitivity of 1pm/µε . To evaluate the effect of the magnetic nanoparticles on the output light intensity, the sensitivity response of the device has been measured under different magnetic field strengths for different length scales. The experimental results show refractive index changes of the magnetic nanoparticles-infiltrated PCF - acting as fibre cladding - under the applied magnetic field leads to variations of the interferometric output. The sensitivity of magnetic field measurement with the sensor with 30mm and 40mm PCF could reach up to 0.021dB/mT and 0.017dB/mT, respectively. The results show a very good linear response that is an essential requirement for the practical sensors. The proposed magnetic field sensor finds applications in various areas, such as optical sensing, military, power industry, and tunable photonic devices.
Performance Study of LabVIEW Modelled PV Panel and its Hardware Implementation
Authors: Bhatti Salim , Ohri Jyoti 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Decarbonizing the vitality area and diminishing carbon discharges to confine environmental change are the primary worries of 21st century. Renewable energy and efficiency interventions, supported by rapid electrification, will provide more than 90% of the reducing CO2 emissions planned by 2050. The transition of energy will also raise gross domestic product by 2.5% and overall jobs by 0.2% worldwide by 2050. Conventional Poly crystalline roof top solar PV has an efficiency of 22.7%. Tropic of cancer passes through eight states of India, The temperature in summers varies from 40 degree C to 50 degree C which results in decrease in efficiency of solar panel. So we require efficient MPPT controllers to overcome this gap. In Ghaziabad, the experimental test is performed with latitude of 28, 6692 (N) and longitude 77, 4538 (E). Solar PV simulator is designed using LabVIEW software. Effect of variations of temperature, irradiations, series resistance and shunt resistance on solar panel has been studied. Simulated results are tested using experimental setup with help of Arduino interfaced LabVIEW.
SARS-CoV2 infects pancreatic beta cells in vivo and induces cellular and subcellular disruptions that reflect beta cell dysfunction
Authors: Millette Katelyn , Cuala Janielle , Wang Peiyu , Marks Carolyn , Woo Veronica , Hayun Maya , Kang Harsimar , Martin Martin , Dhawan Sangeeta , Chao Lily , Fraser Scott , Junge Jason , Lewis Mark , Georgia Senta 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Increasing evidence of new-onset diabetes during the COVID19 pandemic indicates that the SARS-CoV2 virus may drive beta-cell dysfunction leading to diabetes, but it is unclear if it is a primary or secondary effect. Here, we present evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection of pancreatic beta cells in vivo using a robust and reproducible non-human primates model of mild to moderate COVID19 pathogenesis. Pancreas from SARS-CoV-2 infected subjects were positive for the SARS-CoV2 spike protein by immunohistochemistry and structures indicative of viral replication were evident by electron microscopy. Total beta cell area was decreased in SARS-CoV-2-infected pancreas, attributable to beta cell atrophy. Beta cell granularity was decreased. These histologic phenotypes persisted beyond the duration of the clinical disease course. Detailed electron microscopy of SARS-CoV-2 infected beta-cells revealed ultrastructural hallmarks of beta cell stress that are seen in islets of patients with Type 2 diabetes, including disrupted mitochondria and dilated endoplasmic reticulum. To assess the metabolic status of beta cells from SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects, we used fluorescence life-time imaging to measure the ratio of free and bound NADH as a surrogate of glycolytic and oxidative metabolism. We report an increase in free NADH levels, suggesting that beta cells from SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects adopt a more glycolytic metabolic profile. Taken together, we conclude that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces beta cell stress that may compromise beta-cell function beyond the duration of the disease course. This raises the possibility that the beta cell stress and injury may have clinical implications of the long-term future health of patients that have recovered from COVID19.
The Income-Related Distribution of Cognitive Function And Its Mobility Among The Chinese Elderly Over 14 Years
Authors: Zhou Yiting , Xu Yongjian , Zhu Liang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background:With population aging, cognitive function among the elderly has been growing public health concern in China. This study aimed to investigate the trend of income-related inequality in cognitive function, and to track the health-related income mobility among the Chinese elderly. Methods: The data were drawn from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) in 2005, 2008, 2011, 2014 and 2018, with a sample of 10203 Chinese aged 65 and older. The cognitive function was evaluated by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The cross-sectional and longitudinal concentration indices were used to measure the magnitudes of inequalities at different length of time. The mobility index was used to capture the discrepancy between the short-term and long-term measures. The contribution of determinants to mobility was estimated by decomposition analysis. Results:The results showed that, the cognitive function among the Chinese elderly scored 21.13 at the baseline. Men, activities, daily living ability, education, marriage status, income, community service, vision and hearing condition were positively associated with cognitive function, whereas age, negative well-being and drinking were negatively associated with cognitive function. The cross-sectional concentration index was positive and significant only at the baseline. In the long run, however, the concentration indices were all positive and became larger over time. After five waves, the mobility reached -4.84. The largest negative contributor to the mobility index was daily living ability, followed by relaxing activity, domestic activity and hearing condition. The two largest positive contributors were negative well-being and income. Conclusion:Our study found that, as a whole, the cognitive function was not performed well among the Chinese elderly. In the long term, the weighted cross-sectional concentration indices underestimated the inequality in cognitive function and good cognitive performance was concentrated more among the rich. When formulating intervention measures, the Chinese government could give priority to vulnerable groups, especially the elderly who are poor or downwardly income mobile.