bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gait Impairment and Upper Extremity Disturbance Are Associated With Total Magnetic Resonance Imaging Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Burden
Authors: Hou Yutong , Li Yue , Yang Shuna , Qin Wei , Yang Lei , Hu Wenli 
Published: May 2021

Background and Purpose: Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD)—including white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), lacunes, and enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS)—is related to gait impairment. However, the association between the total magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cSVD burden and gait and upper extremity function remains insufficiently investigated. This study aimed to assess the correlation between the total MRI cSVD burden score and gait impairment as well as upper extremity impairment.Method: A total of 224 participants underwent MRI scans, and the presence of lacunes, WMHs, CMBs, and EPVS was evaluated and recorded as a total MRI cSVD burden score (range 0–4). Gait was assessed by 4-m walkway, Tinetti, Timed Up and Go (TUG), and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) tests. Upper extremity function was assessed by 10-repeat hand pronation-supination time, 10-repeat finger-tapping time, and 10-repeat hand opening and closing time.Result: The mean age of the 224 participants was 60.6 ± 10.5 years, and 64.3% were men. Independent of age, sex, height, and vascular risk factors, multivariable linear regression analyses showed that a higher total MRI cSVD burden score was related to a shorter stride length, wider step width, higher cadence, and poorer performance on the Tinetti, TUG, and SPPB tests and upper extremity tests (all P &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: Total MRI cSVD burden was associated with gait impairment and upper extremity disturbances, suggesting that total MRI cSVD burden might contribute to motor function decline. Longitudinal studies are required to determine whether there is a causal relationship between total MRI cSVD burden and motor function decline.
Mechanisms and Neuroprotective Activities of Stigmasterol Against Oxidative Stress-Induced Neuronal Cell Death via Sirtuin Family
Authors: Pratiwi Reny , Nantasenamat Chanin , Ruankham Waralee , Suwanjang Wilasinee , Prachayasittikul Virapong , Prachayasittikul Supaluk , Phopin Kamonrat 
Published: May 2021

Background: Accumulating studies have confirmed that oxidative stress leads to the death of neuronal cells and is associated with the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite the compelling evidence, there is a drawback to the use of the antioxidant approach for AD treatment, partly due to limited blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Phytosterol is known to exhibit BBB penetration and exerts various bioactivities such as antioxidant and anticancer effects, and displays a potential treatment for dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, and dementia.Objective: In this study, the protective effects of stigmasterol, a phytosterol compound, on cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were examined in vitro using human neuronal cells (SH-SY5Y cells).Methods: MTT assay, reactive oxygen species measurement, mitochondrial membrane potential assay, apoptotic cell measurement, and protein expression profiles were performed to determine the neuroprotective properties of stigmasterol.Results: H2O2 exposure significantly increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the cells thereby inducing apoptosis. On the contrary, pretreatment with stigmasterol maintained ROS levels inside the cells and prevented oxidative stress-induced cell death. It was found that pre-incubation with stigmasterol also facilitated the upregulation of forkhead box O (FoxO) 3a, catalase, and anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) in the neurons. In addition, the expression levels of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) were also increased while acetylated lysine levels were decreased, indicating that SIRT1 activity was stimulated by stigmasterol, and the result was comparable with the known SIRT1 activator, resveratrol.Conclusion: Taken together, these results suggest that stigmasterol could be potentially useful to alleviate neurodegeneration induced by oxidative stress.
Nicotinamide Riboside Enhances Endothelial Precursor Cell Function to Promote Refractory Wound Healing Through Mediating the Sirt1/AMPK Pathway
Authors: Wang Zhen-hua , Bao Xiao-gang , Hu Jun-jie , Shen Si-bo , Xu Guo-hua , Wu Ye-lin 
Published: May 2021

Lack of vascularization is directly associated with refractory wound healing in diabetes mellitus (DM). Enrichment of endothelial precursor cells (EPCs) is a promising but challenging approach for the treatment of diabetic wounds. Herein, we investigate the action of nicotinamide riboside (NR) on EPC function for improved healing of diabetic wounds. Db/db mice that were treated with NR-supplemented food (400 mg/kg/d) for 12 weeks exhibited higher wound healing rates and angiogenesis than untreated db/db mice. In agreement with this phenotype, NR supplementation significantly increased the number of blood EPCs and bone marrow (BM)-derived EPCs of db/db mice, as well as the tube formation and adhesion functions of BM-EPCs. Furthermore, NR-supplemented BM-EPCs showed higher expression of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), and lower expression of acetylated peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ coactivator (PGC-1α) than BM-EPCs isolated from untreated db/db mice. Knockdown of Sirt1 in BM-EPCs significantly abolished the tube formation and adhesion function of NR as well as the expression of p-AMPK and deacetylated PGC-1a. Inhibition of AMPK abolished the NR-regulated EPC function but had no effect on Sirt1 expression, demonstrating that NR enhances EPC function through the Sirt1-AMPK pathway. Overall, this study demonstrates that the oral uptake of NR enhances the EPC function to promote diabetic wound healing, indicating that NR supplementation might be a promising strategy to prevent the progression of diabetic complications.
Etiology Exploration of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease From Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution Perspective: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zhu Ke , Guo Yongsong , Zhao Chenghao , Kang Shixin , Li Jialiang , Wang Jiexin , Tang Zhaohui , Lin Bing , Li Weihong 
Published: May 2021

Background: From the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitution theory perspective, the phlegm-dampness constitution is thought to be closely related to the occurrence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, this viewpoint still lacks rigorous statistical evidence. This study aimed to test the association between the phlegm-dampness constitution and NAFLD.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study. Participants were residents living in Chengdu, China, undergoing health checkups at the health management center of Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between December 2018 and September 2020. TCM constitution type was diagnosed by DAOSH four examinations instrument, NAFLD was diagnosed according to the liver ultrasonography and medical history. Multivariate logistic regression and propensity score matching (PSM) were used to analyze a total of 1,677 qualified data.Results: 1,037 participants had biased constitution(s), 67.8% of which had mixed constitutions (with at least two constitutions). Among 1,677 participants, the phlegm-dampness constitution was associated with the yang-deficiency, yin-deficiency, dampness-heat, qi-depression, and blood-stasis constitutions. The correlation coefficients were 0.11, 0.32, 0.42, 0.20, 0.14, respectively. Between the phlegm-dampness constitution and NAFLD, the odds ratio (OR) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) was 2.05 (1.57–2.69) in the crude model. After adjusting for age, gender, Body mass index (BMI), other biased constitutions, smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, the OR reduced to 1.51 (1.04–2.18). The associations of seven other biased TCM constitutions and NAFLD were not statistically significant in the fully adjusted model. The PSM analysis showed consistent results with the logistic regression.Conclusions: Among eight biased TCM constitutions, the phlegm-dampness constitution is independently associated with NAFLD. We speculate the phlegm-dampness constitution is a risk factor of NAFLD. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this causal relationship in the future. In addition, inconsistent with some TCM practitioners' experience, we disagree that the blood-stasis constitution is associated with NAFLD.
Case Report: Occupation Radiation Disease, Skin Injury, and Leukemia After Accidental Radiation Exposure
Authors: Hao Xiaoji , Ye Anfang , Yu Shunfei , Ni Qianying , Guo Jiadi , Wang Xiangguo , Gao Shenyong , Lai Zhongjun , Zhao Yaoxian , Xuan Zhiqiang 
Published: May 2021

Objective: Follow-up observation of radiation accident in which a worker developed acute radiation disease and eventually died of leukemia. The case provided key practical information for the study on clinical effects of radiation on the health of workers.Case Presentation: We observed and followed-up the progression and effect of radiation exposure at various stages in a 28-year-old male patient. We examined the chromosomal morphology, white blood cell count, and sperm count. Laboratory tests for leukemia diagnosis and other clinical parameters were performed.Results: After the patient was irradiated, the white blood cell level decreased, the sperm count dropped to 0, and the libido completely disappeared. The patient's chromosome aberration cell rate and total chromosome aberration cell rate were 7.33 and 7.66%, respectively. Examination of leukemia diagnostic experiments revealed that abnormal cells accounted for 60%; bone marrow examination showed that prolymphocytes abnormally proliferated, accounting for 89%, and had positive extracellular iron staining. After the initial treatment, the patient's white blood cell level increased and was finally maintained at a normal level, the sperm count returned to normal levels, and libido was restored. The patient died of acute lymphoblastic leukemia 34 years after the exposure.Conclusion: More attention has been paid to the long-term effects of ionizing radiation-induced malignant tumors. The occupational protection of radiographic inspection workers should be strengthened to reduce and avoid occupational injuries to protect the health and safety of workers.
Weakly nonlinear theory on ultrasound propagation in liquids containing many microbubbles encapsulated by visco-elastic shell
Authors: Kikuchi Yusei , Kanagawa Tetsuya 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aimed towards an application of ultrasound diagnosis using contrast agents, the dynamics of encapsulated bubbles has been theoretically investigated under the restriction of a single bubble. In this paper, we extend the theory for single bubble or some bubbles to that for many bubbles, and theoretically investigate weakly nonlinear propagation of ultrasound in an initially quiescent incompressible liquid, uniformly containing many microbubbles encapsulated by the shell as a viscoelastic body (Kelvin–Voigt model). As a result, we derived the Korteweg–de Vries–Burgers equation for a low-frequency long wave and clarified that the shell affects the advection, nonlinear, and dissipation (not dispersion) effects of ultrasound propagation. In particular, shell rigidity, surface tension, and shell viscosity increased the advection, nonlinear, and dissipation effects, respectively.
Contribution to a reference library of DNA barcodes for Colombian freshwater fishes
Authors: Mejía Estrada Manuela , Jiménez-Segura Luz Fernanda , Soto Calderón Iván 
Published: May 2021

The Barcoding was proposed motivated by the mismatch between the low number of taxonomists that contrasts with the large number of species, the method requires the construction of reference collections of DNA sequences that represent existing biodiversity. Freshwater fishes are key indicators for understanding biogeography around the world. Colombia with 1610 species of freshwater fishes is the second richest country in the world in this group. However, genetic information of the species continues to be limited, the contribution to a reference library of DNA barcodes for Colombian freshwater fishes highlights the importance of biological collections and seeks to strengthen inventories and taxonomy of such collections in future studies.
This dataset contributes to the knowledge on the DNA barcodes and occurrence records of 96 species of Freshwater fishes from Colombia. The species represented in this dataset correspond to an addition to BOLD public databases of 39 species. Forty-nine specimens were collected in Atrato bassin and 708 in Magdalena-Cauca bassin during the period of 2010 to 2020, two species (Loricariichthys brunneus and Poecilia sphenops) are considered exotic to the Atrato, Cauca and Magdalena basins and four species (Oncorhynchu mykiss, Oreochromis niloticus, Parachromis friedrichsthalii and Xiphophorus helleri) are exotic to Colombian hydrogeographic regions. All specimens are deposited in the CIUA collection at University of Antioquia and have their DNA barcodes made publicly available in the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD) online database and the distribution dataset can be freely accessed through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF).
Sports Massage for Injury Care
Authors: McAtee Robert E. 
Published: May 2021

Enable your clients and patients to get back in the game and live pain free after injury. In Sports Massage for Injury Care, experienced sports therapist Bob McAtee explains the types of soft tissue injury most common in sport and explains why manual therapy is so valuable in treating musculoskeletal injuries.
No two injuries are the same. Whether an injury is acute or chronic, you need to understand and treat the underlying cause so you don’t leave your athletes susceptible to re-injury. Sports Massage for Injury Care emphasizes the importance of accurate assessment and evaluation, and it focuses on 20 of the most common neuromuscular injuries seen in athletes. For each featured injury, there are assessment recommendations, treatment options and injury-specific protocols, and self-care options for when the athlete is not on the treatment table.
Orthopedic Joint Mobilization and Manipulation
Authors: Manske Robert C. , Lehecka B.J. , Reiman Michael P. , Loudon Janice K. 
Published: May 2021

Orthopedic Joint Mobilization and Manipulation: An Evidence-Based Approach is a guide to clinical applications that can provide relief for a wide range of musculoskeletal ailments related to pain, dysfunction, and limited joint mobility. Ideal for physical therapy and athletic training students and professionals, this comprehensive resource provides a clear understanding of how thrust and nonthrust techniques work to eliminate pain and re-establish normal joint motion and function.
The text presents a thorough overview of the literature supporting the use of joint mobilization, joint manipulation, and manual therapy, and it incorporates the concepts and theories with easy-to-apply clinical methods for treating common musculoskeletal conditions. To bridge the gap between research and practice, readers will find an array of exceptional learning aids:
• Videos demonstrating proper procedures for 60 techniques
• Anatomical artwork overlaid on technique photos to show underlying bones, and directional arrows on the photos to guide hand placement and indicate thrust direction
• Technique guidelines, organized by body region, that address client and clinician positioning, stabilization, mobilization, and objectives
• Tables for each body region that use research evidence to compare outcomes of various interventions
• Clinical Tips sidebars offering insight and understanding into the why and how of techniques
Orthopedic Joint Mobilization and Manipulation is organized in four parts. Part I introduces the science behind joint mobilization and manipulation, including general joint kinesiology, evidence for joint mobilization, and general application guidelines. Parts II through IV then present mobilization and manipulation techniques for specific body regions of the craniomandibular complex and spine, the upper extremity, and the lower extremity.
A treatment finder at the front of the text allows readers to easily find techniques by body region. Each technique is presented in a consistent approach that addresses client and clinician positioning, stabilization, mobilization, and objective. Extensive medical illustrations provide strong visual cues. Tables containing evidence for manual therapy as well as charts on joint arthrology are included. At the end of the text is an appendix housing 26 self-mobilization techniques, along with photos, that clients can do on their own.
Orthopedic Joint Mobilization and Manipulation is an indispensable resource offering a variety of thrust and nonthrust techniques to relieve pain and restore normal joint function. Supported with research, this versatile text is ideal for use in classrooms, labs, clinics, and professional settings.
Molecular cloning, expression, purification and in silico epitope prediction of cobalamin-independent methionine synthase (Mor a 2), as a novel allergen from Morus alba pollen
Authors: AKSÜT Yunus 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionMorus alba (white mulberry) pollen is an aero-allergen source that can trigger allergic diseases. Cobalamin-independent methionine synthase (MetE) in M. alba pollen has been proved to be one of the major allergens for some patients living in Istanbul (Turkey). The aim of the present study was the recombinant production and identification of MetE (Mor a 2), a novel allergen from M. alba pollen. The IgE binding reactivity of rMor a 2 produced for the first time was evaluated and some structural features were investigated by in silico methods to better understand its immunogenicity.Material and methodsThe gene encoding Mor a 2 was cloned in fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe ura4-D18h- strain, using pSLF1073 vector. This is the first report of the production of recombinant pollen allergen in S. pombe. After the purification, immunoreactivity of rMor a 2 was confirmed by immunoblotting using sera of patient allergic to M. alba pollen. Besides, B-cell epitopes of rMor a 2 were predicted using various bioinformatic tools, namely Bioinformatics Predicted Antigenic Peptides, BepiPred 2.0 and Immune Epitope Database whereas T-cell epitopes were estimated using NetMHCIIpan-3.2 and NetMHCII 2.3 servers.ResultsThe immunoblotting analysis yielded 11 of 11 positive reactions to rMor a 2. In silico predictions exerted seven B-cell epitopes (22-33, 384-394, 407-423, 547-553, 571-577, 671-678, 736-741) and seven T-cell epitopes (54-62, 161-170, 197-205, 347-358, 622-630, 657-665, 756-764).ConclusionsThese findings may help the use of rMor a 2 in the diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases associated with M. alba and/or MetE.
Source apportionment of fine organic carbon at an urban site of Beijing using a chemical mass balance model
Authors: Xu Jingsha , Liu Di , Wu Xuefang , Vu Tuan V. , Zhang Yanli , Fu Pingqing , Sun Yele , Xu Weiqi , Zheng Bo , Harrison Roy M. , Shi Zongbo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Fine particles were sampled from 9 November to 11 December 2016 and 22 May to 24 June 2017 as part of the Atmospheric Pollution and Human Health in
a Chinese Megacity (APHH-China) field campaigns in urban Beijing, China. Inorganic ions, trace elements, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and organic compounds, including
biomarkers, hopanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), n-alkanes, and fatty acids, were determined for source apportionment in this study. Carbonaceous components contributed
on average 47.2 % and 35.2 % of total reconstructed PM2.5 during the winter and summer campaigns, respectively. Secondary
inorganic ions (sulfate, nitrate, ammonium; SNA) accounted for 35.0 % and 45.2 % of total PM2.5 in winter and summer. Other
components including inorganic ions (K+, Na+, Cl−), geological minerals, and trace metals only contributed 13.2 %
and 12.4 % of PM2.5 during the winter and summer campaigns. Fine OC was explained by seven primary sources (industrial and residential
coal burning, biomass burning, gasoline and diesel vehicles, cooking, and vegetative detritus) based on a chemical mass balance (CMB) receptor model. It
explained an average of 75.7 % and 56.1 % of fine OC in winter and summer, respectively. Other (unexplained) OC was compared with the
secondary OC (SOC) estimated by the EC-tracer method, with correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.58 and 0.73 and slopes of 1.16 and 0.80 in
winter and summer, respectively. This suggests that the unexplained OC by the CMB model was mostly associated with SOC. PM2.5 apportioned by the CMB model
showed that the SNA and secondary organic matter were the two highest contributors to PM2.5. After these, coal combustion and biomass
burning were also significant sources of PM2.5 in winter. The CMB results were also compared with results from the positive matrix
factorization (PMF) analysis of co-located aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) data. The CMB model was found to resolve more primary organic aerosol (OA) sources than AMS-PMF,
but the latter could apportion secondary OA sources. The AMS-PMF results for major components, such as coal combustion OC and oxidized OC, correlated
well with the results from the CMB model. However, discrepancies and poor agreements were found for other OC sources, such as biomass burning and cooking,
some of which were not identified in AMS-PMF factors.
Developing a common, flexible and efficient framework for weakly coupled ensemble data assimilation based on C-Coupler2.0
Authors: Sun Chao , Liu Li , Li Ruizhe , Yu Xinzhu , Yu Hao , Zhao Biao , Wang Guansuo , Liu Juanjuan , Qiao Fangli , Wang Bin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Data assimilation (DA) provides initial states of model
runs by combining observational information and models. Ensemble-based DA
methods that depend on the ensemble run of a model have been widely used. In
response to the development of seamless prediction based on coupled models
or even Earth system models, coupled DA is now in the mainstream of DA
development. In this paper, we focus on the technical challenges in
developing a coupled ensemble DA system, especially how to conveniently
achieve efficient interaction between the ensemble of the coupled model and
the DA methods. We first propose a new DA framework, DAFCC1
(Data Assimilation Framework based on
C-Coupler2.0, version 1), for weakly coupled ensemble DA,
which enables users to conveniently integrate a DA method into a model as a
procedure that can be directly called by the model ensemble. DAFCC1
automatically and efficiently handles data exchanges between the model
ensemble members and the DA method without global communications and does
not require users to develop extra code for implementing the data exchange
functionality. Based on DAFCC1, we then develop an example weakly coupled
ensemble DA system by combining an ensemble DA system and a regional
atmosphere–ocean–wave coupled model. This example DA system and our
evaluations demonstrate the correctness of DAFCC1 in developing a weakly
coupled ensemble DA system and the effectiveness in accelerating an offline
DA system that uses disk files as the interfaces for the data exchange
functionality.