bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delineating the influence of water conditions and landscape on plant communities in eutrophic ditch networks
Authors: Mauchamp André , Gore Olivier , Paillisson Jean-Marc , Bergerot Benjamin , Bonis Anne 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMarshlands and floodplains are generally characterized by a long history of human occupation and management, with strong impacts on biodiversity. In these landscapes, ditch networks often represent the last or most significant aquatic habitat, and significantly contribute to regional biodiversity. To determine the drivers of biodiversity in ditch networks, especially the importance of the water regime, we monitored vegetation in ditches in 11 sites (independent blocks of ditch networks) of an Atlantic marshland (the Marais poitevin, France) over a 4-year period, and a panel of local environmental conditions and landscape characteristics. Large differences in the species richness and composition of ditch plant communities were observed among sites. The water regime had a predominant effect on all descriptors of ditch plant communities. High water levels combined with strong temporal variability, including drying-out periods, were found associated to the communities with the highest species richness. By contrast, water quality parameters did not influence plant communities across sites. Among landscape variables, woodland cover combined with high hedge cover along the ditches significantly influenced plant composition and species richness. These results are discussed in terms of management actions that may promote the diversity and composition of ditch plant communities and address conservation challenges.
Initial coin offerings and the cryptocurrency hype - the moderating role of exogenous and endogenous signals
Authors: Thies Ferdinand , Wallbach Sören , Wessel Michael , Besler Markus , Benlian Alexander 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInitial coin offerings (ICOs) have recently emerged as a new financing instrument for entrepreneurial ventures, spurring economic and academic interest. Nevertheless, the impact of exogenous and endogenous signals on the performance of ICOs as well as the effects of the cryptocurrency hype and subsequent downfall of Bitcoin between 2016 and 2019 remain underexplored. We applied ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions based on a dataset containing 1597 ICOs that covers almost 2.5 years. The results show that exogenous and endogenous signals have a significant effect on the funds raised in ICOs. We also find that the Bitcoin price heavily drives the performance of ICOs. However, this hype effect is moderated, as high-quality ICOs are not pegged to these price developments. Revealing the interplay between hypes and signals in the ICO’s asset class should broaden the discussion of this emerging digital phenomenon.
Integrated balancing method for series‐parallel battery packs based on LC energy storage
Authors: Guo Xiangwei , Liu Zhen , Xu Xiaozhuo , Geng Jiahao , Kang Longyun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInconsistencies are inevitable in the practical application of battery packs of new energy vehicles, which will reduce the energy utilisation rate and service life and even endanger the safety of the battery system. To reduce the inconsistency of battery packs, this study innovatively proposes an integrated active balancing method for series‐parallel battery packs based on LC energy storage. Only one inductor and one capacitor are used to store energy to achieve the balance of each cell in a series‐parallel battery pack. This design has the characteristics of simple structure, small volume, fast balancing speed and easy expansion. By building an experimental platform, the effectiveness of this novel integrated balancing method is verified.
Extraction of optimal fatigue‐driving steering indicators considering individual differences
Authors: Sun Yifan , Wu Chaozhong , Zhang Hui , Zhou Wei , Li Xin , Zhang Qi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractExtracting effective steering indicators is critical for fatigue‐identification based on steering behaviour. However, considering individual differences, the best calculation parameters of the individual driver's steering indicators are different. The indicator's performance decreases by using unified parameters rather than the individual driver's best parameters. The authors propose a model extracting individual driver's optimal fatigue steering indicators calculated by the individual driver's best parameters. Individual driver's naturalistic driving data are analysed by the model. First, indicators in sober and fatigue state are examined by the Wilcoxon test, and |Z| represents the indicator's fatigue‐identification performance. And the function reflecting correspondences between calculation parameters and indicator's fatigue‐identification performance is constructed. Then the function is optimized using particle swarm optimization to obtain individual driver's best calculation parameters maximizing |Z|. Finally, effective indicators calculated by the individual driver's best parameters constitute the individual driver's optimal fatigue indicator set. Indicators calculated by the individual driver's best parameters and unified parameters are used to establish the individual fatigue‐identification model. The average identification accuracy of models using individual driver's best parameters and unified parameters is 87.4% and 79.1%, which indicates using individual driver's optimal fatigue indicators can improve identification accuracy. This study can provide references for individualized fatigue‐driving identification
Non‐invasive sound‐based classifier of bearing faults in electric induction motors
Authors: Santos Herman , Scalassara Paulo , Endo Wagner , Goedtel Alessandro , Guedes Jacqueline , Gentil Murillo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInduction motors play a major role in the industry nowadays due to their simple construction, uncomplicated maintenance, and cost efficiency. As the motor operates for repeated hours, some faults may occur and, depending on the process sensitivity, can cause significant losses to the industrial production. In this context, an alternative method is proposed to detect and classify bearing faults using acoustic emission signals generated by the machines and simple features obtained from them. A pair of condenser microphones was used to acquire these signals and audio feature extraction is performed to obtain time and frequency patterns to characterize healthy and faulty machines. The major differences of the acoustic signals regarding the fault frequency signatures are discussed by analyzing specific peaks observed in their spectra. Several coupled load values and levels of power supply voltage unbalance were considered in the experimental tests, which emulate common situations encountered in industrial environments, obtaining accuracy rates over 97% of success. Finally, a comparison is presented of machine learning techniques for bearing faults classification under different load values and voltage unbalance levels.
Stature is negatively associated with increased arterial stiffness after high‐intensity bicep curls training in young Japanese men
Authors: Tagawa Kaname , Choi Youngju , Ra Song‐Gyu , Yoshikawa Toru , Kumagai Hiroshi , Maeda Seiji 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTReports have indicated that high‐intensity resistance training (RT) increases or does not change arterial stiffness. Meanwhile, higher stature has been suggested to have a protective effect on cardiovascular disease and arterial stiffness. Stature could explain the disagreement in the reported effects of RT on arterial stiffness. This study was aimed at investigating whether stature is related to RT‐induced change in arterial stiffness. Thirty‐six young Japanese men were assigned to the control (n = 15) and training groups (n = 21). RT programme consisted of supervised bicep curls 3 days per week for 4 weeks (5 sets of 10 repetitions at 75% of 1‐repetition maximum). Arterial compliance (AC) and β‐stiffness index (via combination of ultrasound and carotid pressure waveforms) were measured in all participants. To verify the effect of stature on RT‐induced change in arterial stiffness, the training group was divided into tertiles of stature: lower, middle, and higher stature groups (each group, n = 7). RT significantly decreased AC and increased β‐stiffness index in only the lower stature group (both, P < 0.05). Moreover, stature was positively associated with decreased AC and negatively associated with increased β‐stiffness index, even after adjusting for confounders including changes in relative strength, pulse pressure, and arterial distension (P < 0.05). The present results suggest that short stature contributes to the increase in arterial stiffness induced by RT in young Japanese men. The present findings suggest that stature should be taken into consideration when designing/engaging in RT programme, due to potential implications for cardiovascular health.

Highlights
Participants were divided into 3 groups according to tertiles of statures, and arterial stiffness of lower stature group (range of stature: 161.0–169.8 cm) increased after resistance training in young Japanese men, but not middle and higher stature group.
Stature was negatively associated with the changed arterial stiffness by resistance training.
This study suggests that short stature contributes to the elevation in arterial stiffness elicited by resistance training.
Hepatic Histopathology Among Excessive Drinkers Without Advanced Liver Disease
Authors: Chang Binxia , Huang Ang , Saxena Romil , Sun Yin , Liu Shuhong , Zhou Guangde , Li Baosen , Teng Guangju , Zhao Jun , Zhang Wei , Jiang Yanchao , Han Sen , Yang Zhihong , Zhao Jingmin , Zou Zhengsheng , Liangpunsakul Suthat 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Aims
Alcohol-associated liver disease represents a spectrum of histopathological changes from steatosis to advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. The major goals of this retrospective study were to characterize the histologic features in patients with excessive alcohol use who presented with an abnormal hepatic panel and/or abnormal radiographic imaging and did not meet the clinical diagnosis of alcoholic hepatitis or cirrhosis.

Methods
We performed a retrospective study to describe hepatic histology of 62 and 83 excessive drinkers with normal and abnormal serum aspartate transaminase, respectively. The types of inflammatory cells in the liver were characterized by immunohistochemistry for CD4, CD8, CD20, CD68 and myeloperoxidase.

Results
Among 62 patients with aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≤ 50 U/L, 37% had histological evidence of steatosis. Of these, we found evidence of hepatocyte ballooning (21%), lobular inflammation (50%), portal inflammation (52%) and fibrosis (14%). For those with AST &gt; 50 U/L, the presence of hepatic steatosis, lobular inflammation and portal inflammation was observed in 29, 60 and 69% of patients, respectively. Fibrosis was found in 33%, four with bridging fibrosis, and one with cirrhosis. We observed the aggregation of CD68+ macrophages, rather than normally distributed with minimal neutrophilic infiltration. Lobular and portal lymphocytic infiltrations are primarily CD8+ T cells.

Conclusion
Abnormal hepatic histopathology occurs in excessive drinkers with normal transaminase activity. Future studies to determine the diagnostic modalities to detect such abnormalities and to better understand its clinical implications and long-term outcome are needed.
Static cold storage compared with normothermic machine perfusion of the liver and effect on ischaemic-type biliary lesions after transplantation: a propensity score-matched study
Authors: Fodor M , Cardini B , Peter W , Weissenbacher A , Oberhuber R , Hautz T , Otarashvili G , Margreiter C , Maglione M , Resch T , Krendl F , Meszaros A T , Bogensperger C , Gasteiger S , Messner F , Henninger B , Zoller H , Tilg H , Öfner D , Schneeberger S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Given the susceptibility of organs to ischaemic injury, alternative preservation methods to static cold storage (SCS), such as normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) are emerging. The aim of this study was to perform a comparison between NMP and SCS in liver transplantation with particular attention to bile duct lesions.

Methods
The outcomes of 59 consecutive NMP-preserved donor livers were compared in a 1 : 1 propensity score-matched fashion to SCS control livers. Postoperative complications, patient survival, graft survival and bile duct lesions were analysed.

Results
While patients were matched for cold ischaemia time, the total preservation time was significantly longer in the NMP group (21 h versus 7 h, P &lt; 0.001). Patient and graft survival rates at 1 year were 81 versus 82 per cent (P = 0.347) and 81 versus 79 per cent (P = 0.784) in the NMP and SCS groups, respectively. The postoperative complication rate was comparable (P = 0.086); 37 per cent NMP versus 34 per cent SCS patients had a Clavien-Dindo grade IIIb or above complication. There was no difference in early (30 days or less) (NMP 22 versus SCS 19 per cent, P = 0.647) and late (more than 30 days) (NMP 27 versus SCS 36 per cent, P = 0.321) biliary complications. However, NMP-preserved livers developed significantly fewer ischaemic-type bile duct lesions (NMP 3 versus SCS 14 per cent, P = 0.047).

Conclusion
The use of NMP allowed for a significantly prolonged organ preservation with a lower rate of observed ischaemic-type bile duct lesions.
Transnational Islamic Finance Disputes: Towards a Convergence with English Contract Law and International Arbitration
Authors: Bantekas Ilias 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
While Islamic finance is premised on wholly antithetical rules and notions as opposed to traditional Western finance, the resolution of pertinent disputes has been structured along the lines of standard commercial arbitration. Islam has always favoured arbitration and mediation and in fact promoted these in very much liberal terms. As a result, there has never been a need to adapt a sui generis Islamic dimension to Islamic finance, because clearly Western and Islamic notions of arbitration largely coincide. In recent years there have been some attempts to limit Islamic finance arbitration within a narrow understanding of Islamic ethics, despite the fact that it has become transnational in character and Islamic ethics are in any event inbuilt in the architecture of Islamic finance instruments, which arbitrators can only avoid at their peril. It is no wonder that Muslim end users generally prefer to resolve disputes arising from Islamic finance transactions in conventional arbitral institutions, while at the same time choosing English law to govern their agreement, typically concurrently with Islamic law or other laws. As a result, Islamic finance has equally attracted non-Muslim end users. The English High Court has not only developed a particular expertise in Islamic finance law but has, in addition, demonstrated how Islamic and secular law are generally compatible and complementary (with some notable exceptions) in construing transnational Islamic finance. At the same time, institutions and rules in the Muslim world that depart from the global arbitration paradigm are fast falling into desuetude. In light of these findings, it is argued that a sui generis Islamic finance arbitration model is not only disfavoured by end users as being out of touch with business reality but is inconsistent with the fundamental tenets of the Islamic law of arbitration.
The radio galaxy population in the simba simulations
Authors: Thomas Nicole , Davé Romeel , Jarvis Matt J , Anglés-Alcázar Daniel 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
We examine the 1.4 GHz radio luminosities of galaxies arising from star formation and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) within the state-of-the-art cosmological hydrodynamic simulation Simba. Simba grows black holes via gravitational torque limited accretion from cold gas and Bondi accretion from hot gas, and employs AGN feedback including jets at low Eddington ratios. We define a population of radio loud AGNs (RLAGNs) based on the presence of ongoing jet feedback. Within RLAGN, we define high and low excitation radio galaxies (HERGs and LERGs) based on their dominant mode of black hole accretion: torque limited accretion representing feeding from a cold disc, or Bondi representing advection-dominated accretion from a hot medium. Simba predicts good agreement with the observed radio luminosity function (RLF) and its evolution, overall as well as separately for HERGs and LERGs. Quiescent galaxies with AGN-dominated radio flux dominate the RLF at $\gtrsim 10^{22-23}$ W Hz−1, while star formation dominates at lower radio powers. Overall, RLAGNs have higher black hole accretion rates and lower star formation rates than non-RLAGN at a given stellar mass or velocity dispersion, but have similar black hole masses. Simba predicts an LERG number density of 8.53 Mpc−3, ∼10× higher than for HERGs, broadly as observed. While LERGs dominate among most massive galaxies with the largest black holes and HERGs dominate at high specific star formation rates, they otherwise largely populate similar-sized dark matter haloes and have similar host galaxy properties. Simba thus predicts that deeper radio surveys will reveal an increasing overlap between the host galaxy demographics of HERGs and LERGs.
Pathological role of activated mTOR in CXCR3+ memory B cells of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Iwata Shigeru , Zhang Mingzeng , Hajime Maiko , Ohkubo Naoaki , Sonomoto Koshiro , Torimoto Keiichi , Kitanaga Yukihiro , Trimova Gulzhan , Todoroki Yasuyuki , Miyata Hiroko , Ueno Masanobu , Nagayasu Atsushi , Kanda Ryuichiro , Nakano Kazuhisa , Nakayamada Shingo , Sakata Kei , Tanaka Yoshiya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesB cells play an important pathological role in RA. In this study, we investigated the role of metabolic regulator mTOR in B cells and its relevance to the pathology of RA.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from 31 normal subjects and 86 RA patients and the gated B cells were assessed for mTOR phosphorylation and chemokine receptor expression. In vitro studies on peripheral blood B cells isolated from the control and RA patients investigated the molecular mechanisms.ResultsHigher concentrations of CXCL10 (CXCR3 ligands) and lower percentages of CXCR3+ memory B cells were present in the peripheral blood of RA patients relative to the control. RA patients with high CXCL10 concentrations had smaller percentage of CXCR3+ memory B cells and high disease activity. One-year treatment with TNF inhibitors increased the percentage of CXCR3+ memory B cells and reduced serum CXCL10 concentrations. mTOR phosphorylation in B cells was further enhanced in RA patients, compared with the control, and was selectively enhanced in CXCR3+ memory B cells. mTOR phosphorylation in CXCR3+ memory B cells correlated with disease activity. In vitro, mTOR phosphorylation in B cells enhanced IL-6 production and increased RANKL expression.ConclusionmTOR activation in CXCR3+ memory B cells of RA patients is associated with disease activity, mediated through IL-6 production and RANKL expression. The obtained results also suggest that TNF inhibitors mediate an impact on the association between CXCL10 and mTOR activated CXCR3+ memory B cells.
Increasing Men’s Engagement in HIV Testing and Treatment Programs Through Crowdsourcing: A Mixed-Methods Analysis in Eswatini
Authors: Hlatshwako Takhona , Conserve Donaldson , Day Suzanne , Reynolds Zahra , Weir Sharon , Tucker Joseph D. 
Published: March 2021

Background
Sub-Saharan African HIV programs have had limited success in engaging men. Crowdsourcing contests may be a useful method to spur men's engagement in HIV services. We evaluated contributions and social media response to a crowdsourcing contest focused on increasing men's engagement in Eswatini HIV services.

Methods
We conducted a crowdsourcing contest to gain insight from the public on how HIV campaigns can more effectively engage young (20–40 years old) men in HIV services. Eligible submissions included images, songs, videos, and Internet memes. We used standard qualitative methods to examine textual themes from submissions. We examined social media response using Facebook analytics, comparing the number of people reached through crowdsourced HIV messages and the number of people reached through conventional HIV messages.

Results
We received 144 submissions from 83 participants. They represented 55 towns and all 4 regions of Eswatini. The contest page gained 461 followers on Facebook. Emergent themes included appealing to men's roles as protectors by suggesting that they need to take care of their own health to continue safeguarding their families. Crowdsourced messages reached a mean of 88 individuals across 4 posts; conventional messages reached a mean of 75 individuals across 4 posts.

Conclusions
Crowdsourcing contest submissions provided insight on how to encourage men to engage in Eswatini HIV services. Crowdsourcing contests can be effective in collecting messages from men to create more locally relevant communication materials for HIV programs.
The cryptic gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuronal system of human basal ganglia
Authors: Skrapits Katalin , Sárvári Miklós , Farkas Imre , Göcz Balázs , Takács Szabolcs , Rumpler Éva , Váczi Viktória , Vastagh Csaba , Rácz Gergely , Matolcsy András , Solymosi Norbert , Póliska Szilárd , Tóth Blanka , Erdélyi Ferenc , Szabó Gábor , Culler Michael D. , Allet Cécile , Cotellessa Ludovica , Prévot Vincent , Giacobini Paolo , Hrabovszky Erik 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHuman reproduction is controlled by ∼2,000 hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. Here we report the discovery and characterization of additional 150-200,000 GnRH-synthesizing cells in the human basal ganglia and basal forebrain. Extrahypothalamic GnRH neurons were cholinergic. Though undetectable in adult rodents, the GnRH-GFP transgene was expressed transiently by caudate-putamen cholinergic interneurons in newborn transgenic mice. In slice electrophysiological studies, GnRH inhibited these interneurons via GnRHR1 autoreceptors. Whole-transcriptome analysis of cholinergic interneurons and medium spiny projection neurons laser-microdissected from the human putamen confirmed selective expression ofGNRH1andGNRHR1autoreceptors in cholinergic cells and uncovered the detailed transcriptome profile and molecular connectome of these two cell types. Higher- order non-reproductive functions regulated by GnRH under physiological conditions in the human basal ganglia and basal forebrain require clarification. GnRH/GnRHR1 signaling as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders affecting cholinergic neurocircuitries, including Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, needs to be explored.