bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compatibilities of Conducting Polymer-Based Electrode Matrices for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Nguyen Van At , Kuss Christian 
Published: July 2021

Aqueous electrode processing has been considered an important movement to make the overall battery fabrication process less toxic and more environmental-friendly1. The traditional approach focuses on mixing common aqueous binders such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyacrylic acid (PAA), and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) with carbon additives to form conductive, water-processable electrode matrices2. This design, however, is unlikely to improve electrode interconnection, where carbon additives still loosely adhere to active materials3. Utilizing a better electrode matrix is believed to enhance both mechanical and electrical connections of electrode architecture, thus improving battery capacity and stability. Our recent work has demonstrated the design concept of conducting polymer composites as self-conductive and water-processable electrode matrices for Li-ion batteries4. By using in situ chemical polymerization method, polypyrrole:carboxymethyl-cellulose (PPy:CMC) composites, as a representative, were synthesized facilely and at low cost. The molecular structure of PPy:CMC composites composes of carboxyl groups from CMC as main anionic dopants for the positively charged PPy polymer chain. Their unique adhesion enables PPy:CMC composites to sufficiently connect active materials electrically and mechanically despite their low intrinsic electrical conductivity. As a result, cathodes with PPy:CMC composites and LiCoO2 or LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 showed promising cycling performance even at a 1-C rate, which is rarely reported for carbon-additive-free electrodes. Also, aqueous electrode casting is feasible for PPy:CMC-based electrodes, thus addressing toxicity and intensive-energy consumption associated with the current NMP-based electrode processing. Furthermore, their compatibility in Li-ion battery chemistry has also been tested employing SEM, EIS and XPS. This work shows initial efforts in designing a new kind of electrode matrix that enables a greener fabrication of Li-ion batteries.
References

J. Zhao, X. Yang, Y. Yao, Y. Gao, Y. Sui, B. Zou, H. Ehrenberg, G. Chen, and F. Du, Adv. Sci., 5, 1700768 (2018).

D. Bresser, D. Buchholz, A. Moretti, A. Varzi, and S. Passerini, Energy Environ. Sci., 11, 3096–3127 (2018).

V. A. Nguyen and C. Kuss, J. Electrochem. Soc., 167, 065501 (2020).

V. A. Nguyen, J. Wang, and C. Kuss, J. Power Sources Adv., 6, 100033 (2020).
Predictive Ability of Serum IL-27 Level for Assessing Activity of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis
Authors: Yoon Taejun , Ahn Sung Soo , Pyo Jung Yoo , Lee Lucy Eunju , Song Jason Jungsik , Park Yong-Beom , Lee Sang-Won 
Published: July 2021

Serum interleukin- (IL-) 27 level has been reported to increase in patients with several autoimmune diseases; however, its significance in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody- (ANCA-) associated vasculitis (AAV) is unknown. In this study, we investigated the associations between serum IL-27, laboratory features, and activity of AAV and evaluate the predictive ability of serum IL-27 level for disease activity. This study included 77 AAV patients, and we collected clinical and laboratory data at blood sampling. Inflammation-related variables included white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte and platelet counts, serum albumin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein levels. Serum IL-27 and IL-18 levels were measured from stored sera using Human Magnetic Luminex® assay. High disease activity of AAV was defined as the highest tertile of Birmingham vasculitis activity score (BVAS) (≥11). The mean age of the enrolled patients was 59.9 years, and 38 (49.4%) were diagnosed as microscopic polyangiitis. In the multivariable analysis, serum albumin (

β
=
−
0.419

) and serum IL-27 level (

β
=
0.221

) were significantly associated with BVAS. Furthermore, patients with renal manifestation exhibited higher serum IL-27 (mean 308.7 pg/mL vs. 105.8 pg/mL) and IL-18 levels (mean 376.7 pg/mL vs. 270.4 pg/mL) than those without. On applying the optimal cut-off of serum IL-27 level for predicting high activity, AAV patients with serum

IL
−
27

level
≥
300.8

pg/mL had a significantly higher risk for having high disease activity than those with serum

IL
−
27

level
<
300.8

pg/mL (relative risk 3.380, 95% confidence interval 1.223, 9.345,

P
=
0.016

). These results suggest that serum IL-27 level is associated with the cross-sectional activity and the presence of renal manifestation and could be used to predict high disease activity in patients with AAV.
Electrospun Nanofibers with High Specific Surface Area to Prepare Modified Electrodes for Electrochemiluminescence Detection of Azithromycin
Authors: Cheng Hao , Li Xuenuan , Li Tianhao , Qin Danfeng , Tang Tingfan , Li Yanqing , Wang Guixiang 
Published: July 2021

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and (CH3COO)2Zn were used as raw materials, and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with high specific surface area were successfully prepared by an electrospinning method. A new method of electrochemiluminescence detection of azithromycin was established by modifying the glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Under the optimal conditions, the electrochemical behavior and electrochemiluminescence behavior of the Ru(bpy)32+-AZM system on the modified electrode were investigated. Owing to the large specific area, more active sites, and promotion of electron transfer, the sensor exhibits high electrocatalytic activity, high sensitivity, a good linear relationship ranging from

8.0
×

10

−
8

to

1.0
×

10

−
4

mol/L, and a low detection limit (

6.52
×

10

−
8

mol/L). In addition, the good recoveries indicate that the sensor was a promising device for the detection of azithromycin in real samples.
NECTIN4 Heterogeneity and Molecular Diversity in Bladder Cancers: Deconstructing the Activity of An Antibody–Drug Conjugate
Authors: Teo Min Yuen , Rosenberg Jonathan E. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Nectin-4 is the target for enfortumab vedotin, a novel antibody–drug conjugate. NECTIN4 gene expression differs considerably across different molecular subtypes and is shown to be important for enfortumab vedotin efficacy.
See related article by Chu et al., p. 5123
Granting the future? The temporality of cash transfers in the South African Countryside
Authors: Dubbeld Bernard 
Published: July 2021

In the past five years, anthropologists from the global South have come to consider public cash transfer programs as an alternative to both work-centered policies and national development projects. These studies suggest that grants today go beyond the domain of traditional social policies and government bureaucracy and point to a new future in view of the scarcity of work. This future has become even closer with the pandemic of COVID-19, and with governments, non-governmental entities and the political left reaffirming the importance of a basic universal income. Considering these discussions, my article focuses on an income transfer program in South Africa after the Apartheid period, placing an ethnographic account in relation to the design of a 'progressive' policy of social grants. I present a longer history of salaried work in relation to rural African households and show how the emancipatory promises of cash transfer projects were read as a risk to local traditions and morals. In addition to this reduction in political hopes invested in transfers, I examine the temporal aspect of cash transfers, as well as the possible futures they evoke. By considering the futures that grants enable, I conclude by suggesting that it is premature to affirm that they have overcome wage work and its attendant sociality.
Anatomical Characteristics of the Left Atrium and Left Atrial Appendage in Relation to the Risk of Stroke in Patients With Versus Without Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Smit Jeff M. , Simon Judit , El Mahdiui Mohammed , Szaraz Lili , van Rosendael Philippe J. , Kolassváry Márton , Szilveszter Balint , Delgado Victoria , Merkely Béla , Maurovich-Horvat Pál , Bax Jeroen J. 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The left atrial appendage (LAA) has been regarded as an important source of cardiac thrombus formation and appears important in the contribution to thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between LAA morphology and previous stroke or transient ischemic attack in 2 large and distinct patient cohorts with and without known AF.

Methods:
The study population consisted of patients with and without drug-refractory AF who underwent computed tomography before transcatheter AF ablation or clinically indicated for suspected coronary artery disease. The computed tomography data were used for volumetric assessment of the left atrium and LAA and to determine LAA morphology. The LAA was classified by 3 readers in consensus as chicken wing, swan, cauliflower, or windsock, based on predefined morphology classification criteria.

Results:

In total, 1813 patients (mean age 59±11 years, 42% female) who underwent computed tomography were included in this analysis (908 patients with AF and 905 patients without known AF). Swan LAA morphology was independently associated with prior stroke/transient ischemic attack in the overall study population (odds ratio, 3.40,
P
<0.001), and in patients with (odds ratio, 2.88,
P
=0.012) and without known AF (odds ratio, 3.96,
P
=0.011).

Conclusions:
Swan morphology of the LAA is independently associated with prior stroke or transient ischemic attack in patients with known AF, as well as in patients not previously diagnosed with AF.
Effects of Empagliflozin on Myocardial Flow Reserve in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The SIMPLE Trial
Authors: Jürgens Mikkel , Schou Morten , Hasbak Philip , Kjær Andreas , Wolsk Emil , Zerahn Bo , Wiberg Mikkel , Brandt‐Jacobsen Niels H. , Gæde Peter , Rossing Peter , Faber Jens , Inzucchi Silvio E. , Gustafsson Finn , Kistorp Caroline 
Published: July 2021

Background
Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors reduce hospitalizations for heart failure and cardiovascular death, although the underlying mechanisms have not been resolved. The SIMPLE trial (The Effects of Empagliflozin on Myocardial Flow Reserve in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus) investigated the effects of empagliflozin on myocardial flow reserve (MFR) reflecting microvascular perfusion, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at high cardiovascular disease risk.

Methods and Results

We randomized 90 patients to either empagliflozin 25 mg once daily or placebo for 13 weeks, as add‐on to standard therapy. The primary outcome was change in MFR at week 13, quantified by Rubidium‐82 positron emission tomography/computed tomography. The secondary key outcomes were changes in resting rate‐pressure product adjusted MFR, changes to myocardial flow during rest and stress, and reversible cardiac ischemia. Mean baseline MFR was 2.21 (95% CI, 2.08–2.35). There was no change from baseline in MFR at week 13 in either the empagliflozin: 0.01 (95% CI, −0.18 to 0.21) or placebo groups: 0.06 (95% CI, −0.15 to 0.27), with no treatment effect −0.05 (95% CI, −0.33 to 0.23). No effects on the secondary outcome parameters by Rubidium‐82 positron emission tomography/computed tomography was observed. Treatment with empagliflozin reduced hemoglobin A
1c
by 0.76% (95% CI, 1.0–0.5;
P
<0.001) and increased hematocrit by 1.69% (95% CI, 0.7–2.6;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
Empagliflozin did not improve MFR among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and high cardiovascular disease risk. The present study does not support that short‐term improvement in MFR explains the reduction in cardiovascular events observed in the outcome trials.

Registration

URL:
https://clinicaltrialsregister.eu/
; Unique identifier: 2016‐003743‐10.
Few-Shot Learning in Spiking Neural Networks by Multi-Timescale Optimization
Authors: Jiang Runhao , Zhang Jie , Yan Rui , Tang Huajin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Learning new concepts rapidly from a few examples is an open issue in spike-based machine learning. This few-shot learning imposes substantial challenges to the current learning methodologies of spiking neuron networks (SNNs) due to the lack of task-related priori knowledge. The recent learning-to-learn (L2L) approach allows SNNs to acquire priori knowledge through example-level learning and task-level optimization. However, existing L2L-based frameworks do not target the neural dynamics (i.e., neuronal and synaptic parameter changes) on different timescales. This diversity of temporal dynamics is an important attribute in spike-based learning, which facilitates the networks to rapidly acquire knowledge from very few examples and gradually integrate this knowledge. In this work, we consider the neural dynamics on various timescales and provide a multi-timescale optimization (MTSO) framework for SNNs. This framework introduces an adaptive-gated LSTM to accommodate two different timescales of neural dynamics: short-term learning and long-term evolution. Short-term learning is a fast knowledge acquisition process achieved by a novel surrogate gradient online learning (SGOL) algorithm, where the LSTM guides gradient updating of SNN on a short timescale through an adaptive learning rate and weight decay gating. The long-term evolution aims to slowly integrate acquired knowledge and form a priori, which can be achieved by optimizing the LSTM guidance process to tune SNN parameters on a long timescale. Experimental results demonstrate that the collaborative optimization of multi-timescale neural dynamics can make SNNs achieve promising performance for the few-shot learning tasks.
Verhinderte Liebende
Authors: Gunreben Marie 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article examines the reception of Heliodor’s Aethiopica in German novels around 1700. The ‘Heliodor model’ proves to be remarkably persistent, as the form’s specific affordances offer an attractive variety of possible uses. At the same time, writers stick to the legitimized form of the novel for reasons of genre politics. In analyzing Eberhard W. Happel’s Afrikanischer Tarnolast (1689) and August Bohse’s Letztes Liebes- und Heldengedichte (1706), the article shows how these exemplary novels transform the ‘Heliodor model’ in idiosyncratic ways, and argues that these transformations aim at exploring and expanding the potential of literary characters.
‘On a mission’: Christian Youth Workers in Australia in the 1960s–1970s
Authors: Fagg David 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The historical intertwining of youth work and Christianity is well-recognised, especially in the United Kingdom and in the early establishment of youth work in Australia. However, Australian youth work underwent significant changes from the 1960s to late 1970s. This article uses a representative case study approach to illuminate how Christian youth workers were active in this transitional time. It finds that Christian youth work efforts in this time (1) both entrenched youth ministry as a serious pursuit in Australia, and created space for Christian work in secular settings, thus (2) contributing to a divide between church-based youth ministry and secular youth work. The paper discusses the implications of these findings for contemporary youth ministry, and concludes by proposing areas for further research.
Contribution to the taxonomy and distribution of Aciculidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda) in Albania and the surroundings
Authors: LIKA ROMILDA , DELI TAMÁS , PAPARISTO ANILA , ERŐSS ZOLTÁN P. , FEHÉR ZOLTÁN 
Published: July 2021

Reviewing historical and recently collected material of family Aciculidae from Albania and the neighbouring region, we synonymized two species and one subspecies, namely Platyla corpulenta Subai, 2009 under Platyla procax Boeters, E. Gittenberger & Subai, 1989; Platyla ceraunorum A. Reischütz, N. Steiner-Reischütz & P. L. Reischütz, 2016 under Platyla similis (Reinhardt, 1880) and Renea kobelti albanica Boeters, E. Gittenberger & Subai, 1989 under Renea kobelti (A. J. Wagner,1910). Four aciculid species are first mentioned for Albania: Platyla similis and Platyla procax that replace their junior synonyms; and Platyla feheri Subai, 2009 and Platyla gracilis (Clessin, 1877) that are new to the country. Furthermore, new distribution data are provided for Platyla albanica Subai, 2012, Platyla banatica (Rossmässler, 1842), Platyla wilhelmi (A. J. Wagner, 1910) and Renea kobelti (A. J. Wagner, 1910).
In the light of new distribution data, their conservation statuses according to IUCN criteria are assessed at the national level and, when necessary, are re-assessed at global level.
Two Urgency Categories, Same Outcome: No Difference After “Therapeutic” vs. “Prophylactic” Fasciotomy
Authors: Moran Benjamin J. , Quintana Megan T. , Michael Scalea Thomas , DuBose Joseph , Feliciano David V. 
Published: July 2021

Objectives Fasciotomy to treat or prevent compartment syndromes in patients with truncal or peripheral arterial injuries is a valuable adjunct. The objective of this study was to document the current incidence, indications, and outcomes of below knee fasciotomy in patients with femoropopliteal arterial injuries. Methods The PROspective Observational Vascular Injury Treatment registry of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma was utilized to identify patients undergoing two-incision four-compartment fasciotomy of the leg after repair of a femoropopliteal arterial injury. Outcomes after therapeutic versus prophylactic (surgeon label) fasciotomy were compared as was the technique of closure, that is, primary skin closure or application of a split-thickness skin graft (STSG). Results From 2013 to 2018, fasciotomy was performed in 158 patients overall, including 95.6% (151/158) at the initial operation. In the group of 139 patients who survived to discharge, fasciotomies were labeled as therapeutic in 58.3% (81/139) and prophylactic in 41.7% (58/139). There were no significant differences between the therapeutic and prophylactic groups in amputation rates (14.8% vs. 8.6%, P = .919). Primary skin closure was achieved at a median of 5.0 days vs. 11.0 days for STSG ( P = .001). Conclusions Over 55% of patients undergoing repair of an injury to a femoral or popliteal artery have a fasciotomy performed at the same operation. A “therapeutic” indication for fasciotomy continues to be more common than “prophylactic,” while outcomes are identical in both groups.
Dynamic Communication Quantification Model for Measuring Information Management During Mass-Casualty Incident Simulations
Authors: Perry Omer , Jaffe Eli , Bitan Yuval 
Published: July 2021

Objective To develop a new model to quantify information management dynamically and to identify factors that lead to information gaps. Background Information management is a core task for emergency medical service (EMS) team leaders during the prehospital phase of a mass-casualty incident (MCI). Lessons learned from past MCIs indicate that poor information management can lead to increased mortality. Various instruments are used to evaluate information management during MCI training simulations, but the challenge of measuring and improving team leaders’ abilities to manage information remains. Method The Dynamic Communication Quantification (DCQ) model was developed based on the knowledge representation typology. Using multi point-of-view synchronized video, the model quantifies and visualizes information management. It was applied to six MCI simulations between 2014 and 2019, to identify factors that led to information gaps, and compared with other evaluation methods. Results Out of the three methods applied, only the DCQ model revealed two factors that led to information gaps: first, consolidation of numerous casualties from different areas, and second, tracking of casualty arrivals to the medical treatment area and departures from the MCI site. Conclusion The DCQ model allows information management to be objectively quantified. Thus, it reveals a new layer of knowledge, presenting information gaps during an MCI. Because the model is applicable to all MCI team leaders, it can make MCI simulations more effective. Application This DCQ model quantifies information management dynamically during MCI training simulations.
Do quality of life, anxiety, depression and acceptance improve after interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation? A multicentre matched control study of acceptance and commitment therapy-based versus cognitive–behavioural therapy-based programmes
Authors: Rivano Fischer Marcelo , Schult Marie-Louise , Löfgren Monika , Stålnacke Britt-Marie 
Published: July 2021

Objective Interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation (IPR) usually employs a cognitive–behavioural therapeutic (CBT) approach. However, there is growing support for chronic pain treatments based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). Most studies of ACT and CBT for chronic pain have evaluated their effects after psychological interventions, not after IPR. We compared the results of an ACT-based IPR programme with two CBT-based IPR programmes. Methods We used a retrospective multicentre pretest–posttest design with matched patient groups at three centres. Data were collected from the Swedish Quality Registry for Pain Rehabilitation before and after IPR participation. Participants completed the EQ-5D health-related quality of life questionnaire, the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire, (CPAQ) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Analyses were performed to compare the effects of the different interventions. Results Neither EQ-5D nor HADS depression scores were affected by the psychological approach used. The score changes on both CPAQ subscales (activity engagement and pain willingness) indicated significant improvements between admission and discharge at all centres. Conclusions These findings indicate the effectiveness of using psychological approaches to manage chronic pain. Both CBT and ACT had a beneficial effect on most of the assessed health-related parameters.
The impact of flash glucose monitoring on glycated hemoglobin in type 2 diabetes managed with basal insulin in Canada: A retrospective real-world chart review study
Authors: Elliott Tom , Beca Sorin , Beharry Rajendra , Tsoukas Michael A , Zarruk Alexandro , Abitbol Alexander 
Published: July 2021

Background: The real-world effect of intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring on glucose control in type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin is uncertain. This retrospective real-world study aimed to evaluate change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) amongst adults with type 2 diabetes managed with basal insulin starting flash glucose monitoring. Methods: Medical records were reviewed for adults with type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin for ⩾1 year and using FreeStyle LibreTM Flash Glucose Monitoring for ⩾3 months. Prior to device use an HbA1c 8.0%–12.0% was recorded and a further HbA1c result was recorded 3–6 months (90–194 days) after starting device use. Results: Medical records ( n = 91) analyzed from six Canadian diabetes centers showed HbA1c significantly decreased by 0.8% ± 1.1 (mean ± SD, [ p < 0.0001]) from mean baseline HbA1c 8.9% ± 0.9 to 8.1% ± 1.0 at 3–6 months after initiating flash glucose monitoring. HbA1c improvement was not independently associated with age, BMI, insulin use duration, or sex. Conclusion: This Canadian real-world retrospective study showed significantly reduced HbA1c following initiation of ﬂash glucose monitoring technology to further support management of type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin.