bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SELF-REGULATED LEARNING AND DIGITAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENT: ITS’ EFFECT ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT DURING THE PANDEMIC
Authors: Sutarni Nani , Ramdhany M Arief , Hufad Achmad , Kurniawan Eri 
Published: August 2021

The unprecedented changes in the education sector due to the recent pandemic demand teachers and students to adapt to new ways of learning via online platforms. A plethora of latest research has investigated various topics such as online learning platforms, online learning materials, and teacher/student perceptions; however, little is known about the link between online learning and achievement. Occupying this lacuna, this study specifically sought to examine the relationship between self-regulated learning (SRL), the digital learning environment, and student’ academic achievement during the pandemic. The population of this research was 1,800 students (freshmen, sophomore, junior, and senior class) enrolled for the Introduction to Management course at a state university in Bandung, Indonesia. Selected using a proportionate random sampling, 317 students participated as the respondents. The data were collected through questionnaire surveys, while the Structural Equation Model (SEM) was employed to analyze the interrelationship among the construct variables. The results of this study show that promoting SRL may affect the optimization of the digital learning environment and academic achievements. Students with better self-regulated learning ability can somehow optimize their digital learning environment and be more progressive in terms of academic achievement.
The 4 Youth By Youth mHealth Photo Verification App for HIV Self-testing in Nigeria: Qualitative Analysis of User Experiences
Authors: Oladele David , Iwelunmor Juliet , Gbajabiamila Titilola , Obiezu-Umeh Chisom , Okwuzu Jane Ogoamaka , Nwaozuru Ucheoma , Musa Adesola Zaidat , Idigbe Ifeoma , Tahlil Kadija , Tang Weiming , Conserve Donaldson F , Rosenberg Nora E , David Agatha N , Tucker Joseph , Ezechi Oliver 
Published: August 2021

Background
Despite the global expansion of HIV self-testing (HIVST), many research studies still rely on self-reported outcomes. New HIVST verification methods are needed, especially in resource-limited settings.

Objective
This study aims to evaluate the user experience of a mobile health (mHealth) app to enhance HIVST result reporting and verification.

Methods
Semistructured, in-depth interviews were used to evaluate the user experience of the 4 Youth By Youth mHealth photo verification app for HIVST. We used a think-aloud approach, and participants performed usability tasks and completed a qualitative exit interview. The app included HIV educational resources, step-by-step video instructions for performing HIVST, a 20-minute timer, a guide on interpreting results with linkages to care, an offline version, and a photo verification system. Demographic characteristics were reported by using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data were analyzed by using thematic analysis.

Results
A total of 19 users—12 women and 7 men—with a mean age of 22 years, participated in the study. The users completed the usability tasks and successfully uploaded a photo of their test results by using the app without assistance. Four main themes were identified in the data. First, in terms of user-friendly design, the participants noted the user-friendly features of the offline version and the app’s low data use. However, some wanted the app to work in the background when using their mobile phone, and the font used should be more youth friendly. Second, in terms of ease of use, participants remarked that the app’s self-explanatory nature and instructions that guided them on how to use the app enhanced its use. Third, in terms of a user’s privacy, many participants reinforced the importance of privacy settings and tools that protect confidentiality among users. Finally, in terms of linkage to care, participants noted that the app’s linkage to care features were useful, particularly in relation to referrals to trained counselors upon the completion of the test. All the participants noted that the app provided a convenient and private means of verifying the HIV test results.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrated the importance of engaging end users in the development phase of health technology innovations that serve youth. Clinical trials are needed to determine the efficacy of using an mHealth app to verify HIVST results among young people.
Prediction of Smoking Risk From Repeated Sampling of Environmental Images: Model Validation
Authors: Engelhard Matthew M , D'Arcy Joshua , Oliver Jason A , Kozink Rachel , McClernon F Joseph 
Published: August 2021

Background
Viewing their habitual smoking environments increases smokers’ craving and smoking behaviors in laboratory settings. A deep learning approach can differentiate between habitual smoking versus nonsmoking environments, suggesting that it may be possible to predict environment-associated smoking risk from continuously acquired images of smokers’ daily environments.

Objective
In this study, we aim to predict environment-associated risk from continuously acquired images of smokers’ daily environments. We also aim to understand how model performance varies by location type, as reported by participants.

Methods
Smokers from Durham, North Carolina and surrounding areas completed ecological momentary assessments both immediately after smoking and at randomly selected times throughout the day for 2 weeks. At each assessment, participants took a picture of their current environment and completed a questionnaire on smoking, craving, and the environmental setting. A convolutional neural network–based model was trained to predict smoking, craving, whether smoking was permitted in the current environment and whether the participant was outside based on images of participants’ daily environments, the time since their last cigarette, and baseline data on daily smoking habits. Prediction performance, quantified using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and average precision (AP), was assessed for out-of-sample prediction as well as personalized models trained on images from days 1 to 10. The models were optimized for mobile devices and implemented as a smartphone app.

Results
A total of 48 participants completed the study, and 8008 images were acquired. The personalized models were highly effective in predicting smoking risk (AUC=0.827; AP=0.882), craving (AUC=0.837; AP=0.798), whether smoking was permitted in the current environment (AUC=0.932; AP=0.981), and whether the participant was outside (AUC=0.977; AP=0.956). The out-of-sample models were also effective in predicting smoking risk (AUC=0.723; AP=0.785), whether smoking was permitted in the current environment (AUC=0.815; AP=0.937), and whether the participant was outside (AUC=0.949; AP=0.922); however, they were not effective in predicting craving (AUC=0.522; AP=0.427). Omitting image features reduced AUC by over 0.1 when predicting all outcomes except craving. Prediction of smoking was more effective for participants whose self-reported location type was more variable (Spearman ρ=0.48; P=.001).

Conclusions
Images of daily environments can be used to effectively predict smoking risk. Model personalization, achieved by incorporating information about daily smoking habits and training on participant-specific images, further improves prediction performance. Environment-associated smoking risk can be assessed in real time on a mobile device and can be incorporated into device-based smoking cessation interventions.
Semisupervised Deep Learning Techniques for Predicting Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome From Time-Series Clinical Data: Model Development and Validation Study
Authors: Lam Carson , Tso Chak Foon , Green-Saxena Abigail , Pellegrini Emily , Iqbal Zohora , Evans Daniel , Hoffman Jana , Calvert Jacob , Mao Qingqing , Das Ritankar 
Published: August 2021

Background
A high number of patients who are hospitalized with COVID-19 develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Objective
In response to the need for clinical decision support tools to help manage the next pandemic during the early stages (ie, when limited labeled data are present), we developed machine learning algorithms that use semisupervised learning (SSL) techniques to predict ARDS development in general and COVID-19 populations based on limited labeled data.

Methods
SSL techniques were applied to 29,127 encounters with patients who were admitted to 7 US hospitals from May 1, 2019, to May 1, 2021. A recurrent neural network that used a time series of electronic health record data was applied to data that were collected when a patient’s peripheral oxygen saturation level fell below the normal range (<97%) to predict the subsequent development of ARDS during the remaining duration of patients’ hospital stay. Model performance was assessed with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the precision recall curve of an external hold-out test set.

Results
For the whole data set, the median time between the first peripheral oxygen saturation measurement of <97% and subsequent respiratory failure was 21 hours. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for predicting subsequent ARDS development was 0.73 when the model was trained on a labeled data set of 6930 patients, 0.78 when the model was trained on the labeled data set that had been augmented with the unlabeled data set of 16,173 patients by using SSL techniques, and 0.84 when the model was trained on the entire training set of 23,103 labeled patients.

Conclusions
In the context of using time-series inpatient data and a careful model training design, unlabeled data can be used to improve the performance of machine learning models when labeled data for predicting ARDS development are scarce or expensive.
Development of and Experiences With an Informational Website on Early Labor: Qualitative User Involvement Study
Authors: Myhre Enid Leren , Garnweidner-Holme Lisa , Dahl Bente , Reigstad Marte Myhre , Lukasse Mirjam 
Published: August 2021

Background
The period of regular contractions before 4 cm of cervical dilatation is often referred to as the latent phase or early labor. Women find it challenging to prepare for and cope with this phase of labor, and easily accessed web-based information from reliable sources may be useful in this preparation.

Objective
The aim of this study is to describe the development of a Norwegian website, Latens.no, for people seeking information on early labor and to explore users’ experiences with the website to increase its user-friendliness.

Methods
We developed a website using an iterative process involving a multidisciplinary research team, health personnel, users, a graphic designer, and an expert in software development. We explored the website’s user-friendliness using semistructured individual interviews and the think-aloud method. All interviews were audio recorded and transcribed. We then analyzed the participants’ feedback on the website.

Results
Participants included women who had recently given birth to their first baby (n=2), women who were pregnant with their first baby (n=4), and their partners (n=2). Results from participants’ experiences completing tasks included positive feedback related to the content of Latens.no, positive feedback related to the website’s design, and suggestions for improvement. Participants wanted to find information on early labor on the internet. Moreover, they found the information on the website relevant, trustworthy, and easy to read, and the design was attractive and easy to use. Overall, the participants performed the tasks easily, with few clicks and minimal effort.

Conclusions
The think-aloud method, while performing tasks, allowed for detailed feedback. The participants confirmed the user-friendliness of the website but at the same time provided information enabling improvement. We expect that changes made based on this user-centered design study will further increase the usability and acceptability of Latens.no.
Experience of and Worry About Discrimination, Social Media Use, and Depression Among Asians in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-sectional Survey Study
Authors: Pan Shuya , Yang Chia-chen , Tsai Jiun-Yi , Dong Chenyu 
Published: August 2021

Background
The COVID-19 outbreak has spurred increasing anti-Asian racism and xenophobia in the United States, which might be detrimental to the psychological well-being of Asian people living in the United States.

Objective
We studied three discrimination-related variables, including (1) experience of discrimination, (2) worry about discrimination, and (3) racism-related social media use during the COVID-19 pandemic among Asians in the United States. We examined how these three variables were related to depression, and how the association between racism-related social media use and depression was moderated by personal experience of and worry about racial discrimination.

Methods
A web-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted. A total of 209 people (mean age 33.69, SD 11.31 years; 96/209, 45.93% female) who identified themselves as Asian and resided in the United States were included in the study.

Results
Experience of discrimination (β=.33, P=.001) and racism-related social media use (β=.14, P=.045) were positively associated with depressive symptoms. Worry about discrimination (β=.13, P=.14) was not associated with depression. Worry about discrimination moderated the relationship between racism-related social media use and depression (β=–.25, P=.003) such that a positive relationship was observed among those who had low and medium levels of worry.

Conclusions
The present study provided preliminary evidence that experience of discrimination during the COVID-19 pandemic was a risk factor of depressive symptoms among Asian people in the United States. Meanwhile, racism-related social media use was found to be negatively associated with the well-being of US Asians, and the relationship between social media use and depression was significantly moderated by worry about discrimination. It is critical to develop accessible programs to help US Asians cope with racial discrimination both in real lives and on social media during this unprecedented health crisis, especially among those who have not been mentally prepared for such challenges.
Sociotechnical Drivers and Barriers in the Consumer Adoption of Personal Health Records: Empirical Investigation
Authors: Ruhi Umar , Majedi Armin , Chugh Ritesh 
Published: August 2021

Background
Increasingly popular in the health care domain, electronic personal health records (PHRs) have the potential to foster engagement toward improving health outcomes, achieving efficiencies in care, and reducing costs. Despite the touted benefits of PHRs, their uptake is lackluster, with low adoption rates.

Objective
This paper reports findings from an empirical investigation of the sociotechnical factors affecting the adoption of PHRs.

Methods
A research model comprising personal and technological determinants of PHR adoption was developed and validated in this study. Demographic, technographic, and psychographic data pertaining to the use of PHRs were collected through a web-based questionnaire for past, current, and potential users. Partial least squares-based structural equation modeling was used to estimate a structural model of cognitive and affective factors impacting intentions to use PHRs.

Results
The analysis revealed that in addition to the expected positive impact of a PHR system’s usefulness and usability, system integration also positively affects consumers’ intention to adopt. The results also suggest that higher levels of perceived usability and integration do not translate into higher levels of perceived usefulness. The study also highlights the importance of subjective norms, technology awareness, and technology anxiety as direct antecedents of the intention to adopt PHRs. The differential effects of the adoption factors are also discussed.

Conclusions
We hope that our study will contribute to the understanding of consumer adoption of PHRs and help improve the design and delivery of consumer-centric health care technologies. After discussing the implications for research, we provide suggestions and guidelines for PHR technology developers and constituents in the health care delivery chain.
Limited Interaction Targeted Epidemiology of HIV in Sexual and Gender Minority American Adolescents and Adults: Feasibility of the Keeping it LITE Study
Authors: Gleason Neil , Serrano Pedro A , Muñoz Alejandro , French Audrey , Hosek Sybil 
Published: August 2021

Background
HIV infection rates among sexual minority men and transgender individuals, particularly adolescents and young adults, remain elevated in the United States despite continued improvement in the HIV public health response. However, there remains a knowledge gap in understanding the barriers faced by this community in receiving HIV care and prevention resources. To address this, the Keeping it LITE study was conducted to assess HIV risk factors and barriers to preventive treatment in a large national cohort of young sexual minority men and transgender individuals at high risk of HIV infection.

Objective
This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of enrolling a large remote cohort, challenges encountered in recruitment, and adjustments made to address these challenges.

Methods
A large national cohort (n=3444) of young sexual minority men and transgender individuals were recruited. Participants were recruited via advertisements on social media; social apps for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer individuals; print advertising; and word-of-mouth. Before enrolling, participants verified their HIV status using an at-home HIV test or by providing their own testing documentation. Descriptive statistics were generated, and a series of logistic regressions were conducted to evaluate demographic differences between recruitment methods, HIV testing methods, and enrollment status.

Results
The Keeping it LITE study was particularly successful in recruiting participants via social media, with over half of the participants recruited from advertisements on social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and Snapchat. Participants were also recruited via word-of-mouth; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer apps (ie, Grindr, Scruff); and print advertisements, and participants recruited from these sources tended to be older and have a higher risk profile. The study was also successful in recruiting a large sample of transgender youth, particularly transgender men and nonbinary individuals. At-home HIV testing was acceptable and more heavily used by younger participants, although several barriers were encountered and overcome in the implementation of this testing. The study had more limited success in recruiting participants aged 13-17 years because of lower enrollment rates and barriers to advertising on social media platforms. The implications of these findings for the future development of HIV research and intervention protocols among sexual minorities and trans youth are discussed.

Conclusions
The methods used in the Keeping it LITE study, particularly recruitment via social media, were found to be feasible and acceptable to participants.
Awareness, Views, Perceptions, and Beliefs of Pharmacy Interns Regarding Digital Health in Saudi Arabia: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Alsahali Saud 
Published: August 2021

Background
Digital health technologies and apps are rapidly advancing in recent years. It is expected to have more roles in transforming the health care system in this era of digital services. However, limited research is available regarding delivering digital health education in pharmacy and the pharmacy students’ perspectives on digital health.

Objective
This study aims to assess pharmacy interns’ awareness of digital health apps in Saudi Arabia and their views regarding the coverage of digital health in the education of pharmacists. In addition, we assessed the interns’ perceptions and beliefs about the concepts, benefits, and implementation of digital health in practice settings.

Methods
A cross-sectional study using a web-based survey was conducted among pharmacy interns at Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. An invitation with a link to the web-based survey was sent to all interns registered at the college between January and March 2021.

Results
A total of 68 out of 77 interns registered in the internship year participated in this study, giving a response rate of 88%. The mean total score for pharmacy interns’ awareness of digital health apps in Saudi Arabia was 5.66 (SD 1.74; maximum attainable score=7). The awareness with different apps ranged from 97% (66/68) for the Tawakkalna app to 65% (44/68) for the Ministry of Health 937 call center. The mean total score for attitude and beliefs toward concepts and benefits of telehealth and telemedicine apps was 58.25 (SD 10.44; maximum attainable score=75). In this regard, 84% (57/68) of the interns believed that telehealth could enhance the quality of care, 71% (48/68) believed that it could help effectively provide patient counseling, and 69% (47/68) believed it could improve patients’ adherence to therapy. In this study, 41% (28/68) believed that the current coverage of digital health in the curriculum was average, whereas only 18% (12/68) believed it was high or very high coverage. Moreover, only 38% (26/68) attended additional educational activities related to digital health. Consequently, the majority (43/68, 63%) were of the opinion that there is a high or very high need to educate and train pharmacists in the field of digital health.

Conclusions
Overall, the interns showed good awareness of common digital health apps in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, the majority of the interns had positive perceptions and beliefs about the concepts, benefits, and implementation of digital health. However, the findings showed that there is still scope for improvement in some areas. Moreover, most interns indicated that there is a need for more education and training in the field of digital health. Consequently, early exposure to content related to digital health and pharmacy informatics is an important step to help in the wide use of these technologies in the graduates’ future careers.
A PRODUÇÃO TEXTUAL EM CLASSES DE EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS, ADULTOS E IDOSOS: ALGUMAS PROBLEMATIZAÇÕES
Authors: Da Silva Erica Bastos 
Published: August 2021

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar algumas reflexões sobre as atividades de produção textual na Educação de Jovens, Adultos e Idosos (EJAI). O artigo é um recorte da pesquisa de doutorado que visou conhecer algumas percepções dos educandos e educadores sobre os processos de aprendizagem da leitura, escrita e oralidade na EJAI, considerando as singularidades dos sujeitos e estabelecendo relações com os usos sociais da língua. Para o desenvolvimento deste estudo, foi feita uma pesquisa etnográfica numa escola da rede pública estadual do município de Salvador. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com discentes e professores, além de observações de aula. A partir dos resultados da pesquisa, foi possível perceber que o ditado e a cópia aparecem em destaque como exercício de escrita nessas classes. No entanto, emerge, ainda que timidamente, a demanda por práticas de escrita mais contextualizadas. Espera-se que este trabalho contribua para uma qualificação do olhar sobre o ensino da escrita na EJAI e destaca-se ainda a importância de ouvir atentamente os sujeitos nos momentos de repensar a educação ofertada nessa modalidade de ensino.
Palavras-chave: Produção textual na EJAI. Ditado. Cópia. Práticas contextualizadas.