bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends analysis of precipitation data over the tropical South-West Indian Ocean (SWIO) basin using the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) method
Authors: BOODHOO K. , LOLLCHUND M. R. , DILMAHAMOD A. F. 
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we propose the use of the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) method in the analysis of trends in climate data. As compared to existing traditional methods, EEMD is simple, fast and reliable. It works by decomposing the time-series data into intrinsic mode functions until a residual component is obtained which represents the trend in the data. The dataset considered consists of satellite precipitation estimates (SPE) obtained from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) for the tropical South-West Indian Ocean (SWIO) basin recorded during the periods January 1998 to December 2013. The SWIO basin spans from the latitudes 5° S to 35° S and the longitudes 30° E to 70° E and comprises of part of the east coast of Africa and some small island developing states (SIDS) such as Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius and Reunion Island. The EEMD analysis is carried out for summer, winter and yearly time series of the SPE data. The results from the study are presented in terms of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and the trends. The analysis reveals that in summer, there is a tendency to have an increase in the amount of rainfall, whereas in winter, from 1998 to 2004 there has been an initial increase of 0.0022 mm/hr/year and from there onwards till 2013 a decrease of 0.00052 mm/hr/year was noted.
Simulation of severe storms of tornadic intensity over Indo-Bangla region
Authors: DAS SOMESHWAR , ISLAM MD. NAZRUL , DAS MOHAN K. 
Published: December 2021

Many severe thunderstorms of tornadic intensity were reported in the northwestern parts of Bangladesh during 30 August to 14 September, 2008. Two among them occurred at Nilphamari and Kurigram districts on 30th August, and at Nilphamari district on 3rd September. The tornadic storms are studied based on a field survey, surface data, radar and satellite observations and model simulations. Low level moisture influx by southerly flow from the Bay of Bengal coupled with an upper level westerly jet stream causing intense instability and shear in the wind fields triggered a series of storms for two weeks. The exact time and locations of the storms are investigated by using the hourly precipitation data retrieved from a S-band radar of Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) located at Dhaka. Subsequently, the storms are simulated by using the WRF-ARW model on double nested domains at 9 and 3 km horizontal resolutions based on 6 hourly FNL analyses and boundary conditions of NCEP.
Among the typical characteristics of the storms, the CAPE, Storm-Relative Environment Helicity (SREH), Bulk Richardson Number Shear (BRNSHR), dew point depression, and potential vorticity are studied. Results show that while there are differences of 2-3 hours between the observed and simulated time of the storms, the distances between observed and simulated locations of the storms are several tens of kilometers. The maximum CAPE is generally above 2400 J kg-1. The maximum amount of vorticity transferred by directional shear in the storm updraft (helicity) due to convective motion simulated by the model is 766 m2 sec-2, and the highest value of BRNSHR that define the region in which low-level mesocyclogenesis is more likely is 168 m2 sec-2 among the 2 cases, which is generally supposed to produce rotating storms according to the prescribed range.
PC based new software developed to create an input pilot balloon data file to an alternative to Hand Held Data Logger (HHDL) for using PC based SAMEER Pibal computation software
Authors: NATHAN N. MEENATCHI , PATIL CHANABASANAGOUDA. S. , JAYAPRAKASH J. P. IMMANUEL 
Published: December 2021

Pilot balloon observatories of India Meteorological Department (IMD) are using Hand Held Data Logger (HHDL), manufactured by SAMEER, to compute upper air data since 2007. The HHDL, which is a sleek and microcontroller based battery operated unit, accepts all information through the numeric keypad pertaining to the PB ascent for raw file generation and pilot balloon data processing. The raw file can be transferred to computer system as an input file to PC based Pibal computation software. This software generates Pibal messages similar to HHDL in addition to National Data Centre (NDC) data format and monthly climate. In case of any failure of hardware, both HHDL & PC based Pibal computation software cannot be used. Therefore to overcome this problem, a PC based Pibal data keying software has been developed using visual C sharp. The new software, what is developed, creates an input file similar to HHDL; it was tested with PC based Pibal computation software which works successfully as an alternate in case of failure of HHDL & it’s hardware accessories
Christianity for Weak People: How The Holy Spirit Prays for Believers according to Romans 8:26-27
Authors: Dermawan Agustinus 
Published: December 2021

For many Christian believers, especially whose family members suffer a prolonged sickness or multiple disease complications, it is often perplexing for them that God seems delaying to answer their prayers. And in many cases, God seems to let those family members to die. How could it be understood? That is not an easy problem to digest for many believers, especially if they think they already serve God in ministry, or churches, or other occasions. Fortunately, there are also comforting words to encourage us in such a perplexing situation, such as Romans 8:26-27, which suggests that the Holy Spirit also do intercession prayers for believers. And these two verses were followed by verse 8:28, where St. Paul concluded that from the previous two verses, we know that God works through everything for good to them that love God. Probably, that is the origin of a famous phrase: “God works often in mysterious ways.” This reflective article is intended to shed light on this old question
Phát triển thiết kế và chế tạo máy khắc CNC laser CO2 4 trục ứng dụng khắc bề mặt gỗ, mica, dưa hấu và các chi tiết có bề mặt tròn xoay
Authors: Dang Minh Phung  , Le Hieu Giang  , Le Si Dang  , Ho Gia Nghiem  , Truong Hoang Duc  , To Minh Thuan  
Published: December 2021

Công nghệ laser tuy được hình thành từ khá sớm (khoảng 1965~1967) nhưng việc ứng dụng trong công nghệ chế tạo (khoan, cắt, khắc, hàn, nhiệt luyện,..) thì chỉ phát triển và trở nên phổ biến ở những năm sau này và có thể xếp vào nhóm các công nghệ gia công đặc biệt (phi truyền thống). Hiện nay, ở Việt Nam, công nghệ laser đang phát triển nhanh và được ứng dụng trong nhiều ngành nghề khác nhau như cơ khí, trang trí nội thất và y học. Tuy nhiên, việc nghiên cứu-chế tạo những thiết bị ứng dụng công nghệ laser vẫn chưa được đầu tư để đáp ứng với nhu cầu thực tế như khắc bề mặt gỗ, mica, dưa hấu và các chi tiết có bề mặt tròn xoay. Vì vậy, máy khắc CNC 4 trục dựa trên ứng dụng của Laser đã được đề xuất nghiên cứu để giải quyết những nhu cầu trên. Bài báo trình bày các kết quả phát triển, hoàn thiện thiết kế-chế tạo máy khắc CNC Laser 4 trục. Với cụm trục A được phát triển để khắc các chi tiết có bề mặt tròn xoay và cụm trục Z để điều chỉnh khoảng cách bàn máy với đầu laser. Thiết bị ứng dụng phần mềm Benbox để điều khiển trong việc khắc bề mặt các sản phẩm lưu niệm trên nền vật liệu mica, gỗ, bề mặt dưa hấu và các chi tiết tròn xoay. Ngoài ra, máy khắc CNC Laser 4 trục sẽ phục vụ cho công việc giảng dạy, nghiên cứu và học tập của giảng viên và sinh viên cho môn máy và hệ thống điều khiển số.
PERAN KEPALA DESA SEBAGAI OPINION LEADER DI DESA BUKIT HARAPAN
Authors: Lestariono Wijoko , Hendro Hendro 
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) Untuk mendeskripsikan peranan Kepala Desa dalam membangun citra kerja yang baik terhadap warga pada masyarakat di Desa Harapan Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur. (2) Untuk mendeskripsikan peranan Kepala Desa dalam meningkatkat hubungan komunikasi kepada masyarakat di Desa Bukit Harapan Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur.
Jenis penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif metode yang hanya memaparkan, menuliskan, dan melaporkan keadaan suatu objek ataupun suatu peristiwa yang berupa penyingkapan sebuah fakta. Sedangkan metode studi kasus adalah metode penelitian tentang subjek penelitian berupa individu, kelompok, lembaga, atau masyarakat, yang berkenaan dengan suatu fase atau tahap, sehingga dapat memberikan gambaran secara mendetail tentang latar belakang, sifat dan karakter yang khas dari suatu kasus.
Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan : 1) Dalam peraturan desa Kepala Desa di Desa Bukit Harapan Kecamatan Parenggean Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur telah menyelesaikan proker desa yang dibuat dan semua anggota ikut serta dalam menjalankan proker kerja, dan visi/misi yang ada didesa sangat berjalan dengan baik, serta sekertaris desa sangat membantu dalam peraturan desa yang dijalankan dalam pemerintahan. 2) Hambatan yang dialami di kantor pemerintahan desa masih sangat kurangnya keterlibatan masyarakat terhadap program yang telah disusun oleh pemerintah desa, untuk selanjutnya agar partisifasi warga bisa ditingkatkan lagi agar proses pembangunan desa dapat berjalan dengan lancar adanya komunikasi yang baik antara pemerintah desa dan warganya.
MODEL PENANGANAN ANAK JALANAN DI KOTA PALANGKA RAYA
Authors: Rahman Fauzi 
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk a) Ingin mengetahui peran Dinas Sosial Kota Palangka Raya dalam penanganan anak jalanan berbasis Keluarga diKota Palangka Raya. b) Ingin mendeskripsikan tentang: Profil (potret) anak jalanan dan keluarganya; Faktor-faktor penyebab munculnya anak jalanan; Peta permasalahan anak jalanan; Pandangan masyarakat tentang anak jalanan; dan Beberapa model alternatif yang mungkin dapat diterapkan dalam penanganan anak jalanan yang berbasis keluarga di Kota Palangka Raya.
Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif.
Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan : 1) Peran Dinas Sosial Kota Palangka Raya dalam penanganan anak jalanan berdasarkan Peraturan Daerah kota Palangka Raya Nomor 16 Tahun 2007 belum dilaksanakan secara maksimal hal ini berhubungan dengan kesungguhan pemerintah daerah dalam mengalokasikan anggaran yang kurang memadai. 2) Penanganan anak jalanan dalam teori dramaturgi memaparkan peran dari petugas sebagai pembina sekaligus pengasuh anak jalanan dapat menjadi jenis alternatif dalam merubah perilaku anak jalanan.
Factuurfraude: wie betaalt de prijs?
Authors: de Leeuw D.M.H. 
Published: December 2021

Factuurfraude: wie betaalt de prijs? Bevrijdend betalen na het Devante/Hascor-arrest (HR 28 mei 2021, ECLI:NL:HR:2021:783)
In het Devante/Hascor-arrest heeft de Hoge Raad zich uitgelaten over de te hanteren maatstaf bij beantwoording van de vraag of bevrijdend is betaald in het geval van factuurfraude. In dit artikel wordt onder meer ingegaan op de vraag welke omstandigheden een uitzondering op de in dit arrest gegeven hoofdregel kunnen rechtvaardigen en welke concrete handvatten voor het bestuur van vennootschappen uit dit arrest kunnen worden afgeleid.
De Overleveringswet op de helling: de herimplementatie van Kaderbesluit 2002/584/JBZ
Authors: Glerum V.H. (Vincent) 
Published: December 2021

De Overleveringswet op de helling: de herimplementatie van Kaderbesluit 2002/584/JBZ
De Overleveringswet strekt tot uitvoering van Kaderbesluit 2002/584/JBZ. Deze wet bevatte een groot aantal gebreken. Een deel daarvan was aangetoond in arresten van het Hof van Justitie van de Europese Unie. De op 1 april 2021 in werking getreden Herimplementatiewet beoogde de Overleveringswet in overeenstemming met die arresten te brengen. Deze bijdragetoont aan dat de Herimplementatiewet maar ten dele in die opzet is geslaagd, dat deze wet een aantal gebreken die (nog) niet in arresten van het Hof van Justitie zijn aangetoond ongemoeid heeft gelaten en dat deze wet bovendien een aantal nieuwe gebreken heeft gecreëerd.
Factors Influencing Participation of Farmer in Contract Farming in Narsingdi District of Bangladesh
Authors: Taslim A. , Karim M. R. , Rahman M. S. 
Published: December 2021

Aims: Contract farming (CF) has been used extensively to integrate agricultural value chain both in the developed and developing countries. Participation in CF is associated with increased farm productivity and farmer income. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze socio-economic factors affecting farmer’s participation in contract farming.
Study Design: The selected 15 socio-economic factors were used to determine the impact on farmer’s participation in contract farming. Besides, the socio-demographic profile of the farmers in the study area was discussed.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted upon contract and non-contract farmers of Shibpur upazila under Narsingdi district of Bangladesh. The duration of the study was from July, 2019 to December, 2020.
Methodology: The study used nationally-representative data of smallholder vegetable farmers in Shibpur upazila of Narsingdi district. The data were collected from 75 contract farmer and 125 non-contract farmer of Shibpur upazila. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze fifteen factors that potentially affected farmers’ decision to participate in CF and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the socio-demographic profile of the farmer.
Results: The study found that farmers education, wife’s occupation, family size, labor, fertilizer use, training, savings and income were the significant factors in the model and farmers occupation, other family member's occupation, income source, land type, size of land, experience and storage place were non-significant predictors using P<0.01 and P<0.05 threshold.
Conclusion: Farmer’s education, female head's occupation, family size, land type, size of land holdings, labor use, type of fertilizers being used, training or technical knowledge and average monthly income of the respondents had a positive influence on farmer’s decision.
Cross-Cultural Differences in Temperament Between the United States and the People’s Republic of China: A Longitudinal Comparison
Authors: Jones Victoria , Wang Zhengyan , Yuan Shangqing , Pham Christie , P. Putnam Samuel , Gartstein Maria A. 
Published: December 2021

Aims: The present study assessed cross-cultural differences in temperament and temperament stability between children from the United States (US) and the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Goals of the study include examining differences in three temperament factors (surgency, negative affectivity, and regulation/effortful control), conducting comparisons on fine-grained dimensions of factors demonstrating significant cross-cultural differences, and comparing temperament stability from infancy to toddlerhood.
Methodology: The US sample (N = 147) and PRC sample (N = 128) consisted of children whose temperament was longitudinally assessed in infancy and toddlerhood using the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised Short Form (IBQ-R SF) and the Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire Short Form (ECBQ SF). Primary analyses involved evaluating mean differences in the three temperament factors: surgency, negative affectivity, and regulation/effortful control, with additional statistical tests conducted to investigate fine-grained distinctions.
Results: Findings revealed main effects of culture for each factor with culture x time interactions indicating negative affectivity significantly differed in toddlerhood, t(273) = -8.27, P < .001, d = 1.00, 98.75% CI [-0.70, -0.37], and regulation in infancy, t(273) = -5.17, P < .001, d = 0.62, 98.75% CI [-0.62, -0.22]. Specifically, the US sample exhibited higher surgency at both time points, lower negative affectivity in toddlerhood, and lower regulation in infancy. In addition, little difference was noted in temperament stability between the US and Chinese samples.
Conclusion: Our findings support previous reports identifying cultural differences in temperament and highlight that differences are not constant across early childhood, but rather that as development unfolds, their nature is subject to change.
Morpho-phenological Variability of Flowers Traits and Hybridization of Five Inbred Lines of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] in Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Simon Konan Assouman Jean , Nafan Diarrassouba , Martial Yao Saraka Didier , Randolphe Ossey Aristide 
Published: December 2021

Knowledge of the morphology and floral phenology and the mastery of a manual pollination technique in a plant species are essential for its genetic improvement.
The objective of this work will be to determine the morpho-phenological characteristics of the flowers of five self-fertilization lines of cowpea and to identify an indicated manual pollination technique.
The study was carried out in the Botanical Garden of University Peleforo GON COULIBALY, Côte d’Ivoire where 10 morpho-phenological characters of the flower were evaluated on five lines of cowpea self-fertilization. Thus, three manual pollination techniques (A, B and C) were tested by evaluating traits such as knotting rates, filling rates and maternal and paternal effects on fruit yields.
The results revealed four stages of flower development in cowpea. These are successively stage of “floral button initiation”, “dark green floral button”, “pale green or pale-yellow floral button” and “blooming flower”. Of the three manual pollination techniques tested, technique C resulted in higher rates of knotting (45.38%) and pod filling (58.03%). Results also showed significant maternal and xenia effects on fruit yields in the cowpea.
On the basis of the results generated on the floral biology of the cowpea, it appears that a hybridization program can now be conducted at the UPGC Botanical Garden for the creation of high-performance varieties adapted to climate change for the benefit of producers in Côte d’Ivoire.
Comparison on Awareness of Radiation Hazards among Females of Different Age Group
Authors: Joshua A. Aldrin , Priyadharshini R. , Sinduja Palati 
Published: December 2021

Background: Radiation is a source of energy which travels through materials. The ionising radiation produce free radicals from an atom with the electron removal. X-ray is the most common ionizing radiation helping in diagnosis. There is an increase in the use of radiation in diagnosis, procedural along with surgical treatment where radiologists and the patients should be aware of the radiation hazards and its ill effects. The aim of our study is to analyse the radiation hazards awareness among females of various age groups.
Materials and Methods: The study was done as an online setting; the responses were obtained from 103 female participants from the Chennai sub population. A self-structured questionnaire comprising about 18 yes or no types of questions were prepared in google forms and circulated as a link to the participants. The responses were exported to google sheets and data was retrieved and analysed in SPSS software version 26. The results were obtained from SPSS software.
Results: From the results analysed, 74.76% have undergone X ray or any procedures but only few (25.24%) did not undergo any diagnostic procedures. 71.84% of them were aware that all radiation is hazardous whereas the rest (28.16%) were not aware. 88.35% of them accepted that bone marrow and child’s thyroid tissue are more sensitive to radiation but few (11.65%) did not accept it. 71.84% of the participants of females of age group 20-40 years were more aware than females of 40-60 years age group (16.50%) that bone marrow, the child's thyroid is the sensitive tissue affected by radiation. Chi square test was done and the association was found to be not statistically significant with P-value .236 (P = .05). Chi square test was done to check awareness of thyroid cancer caused mainly through radiations between the two age groups of females and the association was found to be not statistically significant with p-value is .703 (P = .05).
Conclusion: Within the limits of the study, the females of age group 20-40 years have higher levels of awareness than females of age group 40-60 years.
Prevalence and Management of Anemia in Adolescents in Primary Care Settings
Authors: Algaows Faisal Suliman , Aloseimi Jazi Abdullah , Almahmoudi Fatima Mohammed , Alzawani Abdulaziz Ali Mohammed , Abdulaziz A. Alzahrani Omar , Alismail Abdulelah Aref , Assiri Ohoud Hassan , Aldosseri Marwa Abdulla , Hausawi Fatimah Mohammad , Alanazi Bandar Alhumaidi , Namshah Abdullah Mohammed Obaid Bin , Alsaeed Mohammed Ibrahim Saleh 
Published: December 2021

Anemia is defined as a drop in haemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), or red blood cell (RBC) count. Anemia is a widespread issue in primary care, and primary care physicians are generally the first to notice its symptoms. Anaemia is a prevalent clinical concern among the adolescents. It is widely known that haemoglobin levels drop with age increase. Anemia has been linked to a variety of negative effects, including higher mortality, hospitalisation, and a worse quality of life. epidemiological reporting of anaemia is fragmented. Anemia is diagnosed in part by symptoms reported in general practice/family medicine (GP/FM). Management of anemia relies on the type of anemia and underlying cause, in this review we will be looking at Prevalence, etiology, classification and management of Anemia.
Efficacy of Ayurveda Interventions Specifically on Weight Gain in the Management of Protein Energy Malnutrition in Children: A Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Khedekar Sumod , Rathi Renu , Rathi Bharat , Hattikar Heramb , Patlekar Suraj , Karambhe Avinash 
Published: December 2021

Background: In India, Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM)remains a significant and challenging public health issue despite implementing different nutritional policies over the period. It is also accompanying with aggravated risk of all-cause morbidity, as well as fatality Ayurveda mentions about various nutritional disorders such as karshya, balashosha, phakka, yakshma which are having similar symptomatology and treatment approach as that of the PEM. Several clinical studies have been conducted and some are under trial but systematic review is still pending to explore an effective treatment modality to combat PEM in Children.
Aim: A systematic review to evaluate the efficacy of Ayurveda Interventions specifically on weight gain in the Management of Protein Energy Malnutrition in Children.
Materials and Methods: A systematic review which will evaluate published clinical work of Ayurveda treatment modalities specifically for weight gain in the management of PEM in children that will involve “The randomized controlled trials (RCTs), multiple-arms clinical trials, quasi-experimental trials, observational studies (case series and case reports) through databases like PubMed, COCHRANE, AYUSH Research Portal, DHARA; Google Scholar; etc. and Ayurveda compendia to fetch complete available literature.”
Observations and Discussion: The work of selection of the studies, data extraction, and synthesis will be taken up. Established guidelines for study selection, quality assessment, and narrative synthesis will be followed. Risk of bias assessment will be performed. A protocol will be designed that will ensure transparency for the completed review. Results of the study will be elaborately synthesized. The data will be presented in percentage, count and frequency; and if we find the data to be sufficiently homogeneous then meta-analysis will be carried out.
Conclusion: The results obtained from this systematic review will be useful in identifying the evidence-based efficacy of Ayurveda interventions on weight gain in the Management of PEM. It will also provide substratum for future research studies for generating good-quality evidence that can be helpful to design new health policy to combat PEM effectively.