bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimalisasi Adsorpsi Kitosan Dari Kitin Cangkang Keong Sawah (Pilla Ampullacea) Terhadap Logam Kadmium (Cd)
Authors: Moray Olivia Indra , Tani Djefry , Gumolung Dokri 
Published: May 2021

This research aims to make the chitosan from the chitin of the Snail shell (Pilla ampulacea) which can be used as a cadmium metal adsorbent (Cd). It is derived from the isolation of the snail shells through 2 phases, which are deproteination to remove protein and demineralization to remove mineral salts. The formed Kitin is transformed into Chitosan by deacetylated using NaOH 60%. Kitin and Chitosan were acquired, identified by FTIR. The results showed that the chitin yield was 26.81% of the shell weight of 400 grams and the rendemen Chitosan was 31.78% of the weight of chitin. The results of the identification indicate the absorption area of chitin and chitosan function groups, similar to the standard chitin and chitosan uptake areas. Metal adsorption Cd uses adsorbent chitosan from the shell snail (pilla ampulacea) Most optimal occurs at a contact time of 15 minutes and on the weight of adsorbent 0.25 grams, the most optimal absorption occurs at a comparison of 1:30 weight chitosan/volume solution Cd.
The Dynamic Formation of Pseudostreamers
Authors: Scott Roger B. , Pontin David I. , Antiochos Spiro K. , DeVore C. Richard , Wyper Peter F. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Streamers and pseudostreamers structure the corona at the largest scales, as seen in both eclipse and coronagraph white-light images. Their inverted-goblet appearance encloses broad coronal loops at the Sun and tapers to a narrow radial stalk away from the star. The streamer associated with the global solar dipole magnetic field is long-lived, predominantly contains a single arcade of nested loops within it, and separates opposite-polarity interplanetary magnetic fields with the heliospheric current sheet (HCS) anchored at its apex. Pseudostreamers, on the other hand, are transient, enclose double arcades of nested loops, and separate like-polarity fields with a dense plasma sheet. We use numerical magnetohydrodynamic simulations to calculate, for the first time, the formation of pseudostreamers in response to photospheric magnetic-field evolution. Convective transport of a minority-polarity flux concentration, initially positioned under one side of a streamer, through the streamer boundary into the adjacent preexisting coronal hole forms the pseudostreamer. Interchange magnetic reconnection at the overlying coronal null point(s) governs the development of the pseudostreamer above—and of a new satellite coronal hole behind—the moving minority polarity. The reconnection dynamics liberate coronal-loop plasma that can escape into the heliosphere along so-called separatrix-web (“S-Web”) arcs, which reach far from the HCS and the solar equatorial plane, and can explain the origin of high-latitude slow solar wind. We describe the implications of our results for in situ and remote-sensing observations of the corona and heliosphere as obtained, most recently, by Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter.
Supercriticality of the Dynamo Limits the Memory of the Polar Field to One Cycle
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Karak Bidya Binay , Vashishth Vindya 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The polar magnetic field precursor is considered to be the most robust and physics-based method for the prediction of the next solar cycle strength. However, to make a reliable prediction of a cycle, is the polar field at the solar minimum of the previous cycle enough or do we need the polar field of many previous cycles? To answer this question, we performed several simulations using Babcock–Leighton-type flux-transport dynamo models with a stochastically forced source for the poloidal field (α term). We show that when the dynamo is operating near the critical dynamo transition or only weakly supercritical, the polar field of cycle n determines the amplitude of the next several cycles (at least three). However, when the dynamo is substantially supercritical, this correlation of the polar field is reduced to one cycle. This change in the memory of the polar field from multiple to one cycle with the increase of the supercriticality of the dynamo is independent of the importance of various turbulent transport processes in the model. Our this conclusion contradicts the existing idea. We further show that when the dynamo operates near the critical transition, it produces frequent extended episodes of weaker activity, resembling the solar grand minima. The occurrence of grand minima is accompanied by the multicycle correlation of the polar field. The frequency of grand minima decreases with the increase of supercriticality of the dynamo.
Sublimation of Laboratory Ices Millimeter/Submillimeter Experiment (SubLIME): Structure-specific Identifications of Products from UV-photolyzed Methanol Ice
Authors: Yocum K. M. , Milam S. N. , Gerakines P. A. , Widicus Weaver S. L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Submillimeter/far-IR spectroscopy was used to detect and quantify organic molecules sublimated after the ultraviolet photolysis (at 12 K) and warm-up (up to 300 K) of a methanol (CH3OH) ice sample. Eleven sublimated photoproducts were uniquely identified: carbon monoxide (CO), formaldehyde (H2CO), ketene (C2H2O), acetaldehyde (CH3CHO), ethylene oxide (CH2OCH2), vinyl alcohol (CH2CHOH), ethanol (CH3CH2OH), dimethyl ether (CH3OCH3), methyl formate (HCOOCH3), glycolaldehyde (HOCH2CHO), and acetone ((CH3)2CO). Two additional products were detected in the photolyzed ice by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy: carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). The rotational temperatures and gas densities were calculated for the organics containing two or more C atoms via a rotation diagram analysis, and the gas-phase submillimeter/far-IR technique was used in tandem with mass spectrometry and FTIR spectroscopy of the ice during photolysis. The abundance ratios of the sublimated species (normalized to methanol) were compared to those observed in hot cores (Orion-KL, Sagittarius B2(N), and IRAS 16293-2422(B)) and in comets C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy) and 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko.
Luminous Type II Short-Plateau Supernovae 2006Y, 2006ai, and 2016egz: A Transitional Class from Stripped Massive Red Supergiants
Authors: Hiramatsu Daichi , Howell D. Andrew , Moriya Takashi J. , Goldberg Jared A. , Hosseinzadeh Griffin , Arcavi Iair , Anderson Joseph P. , Gutiérrez Claudia P. , Burke Jamison , McCully Curtis , Valenti Stefano , Galbany Lluís , Fang Qiliang , Maeda Keiichi , Folatelli Gastón , Hsiao Eric Y. , Morrell Nidia I. , Phillips Mark M. , Stritzinger Maximilian D. , Suntzeff Nicholas B. , Gromadzki Mariusz , Maguire Kate , Müller-Bravo Tomás E. , Young David R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The diversity of Type II supernovae (SNe II) is thought to be driven mainly by differences in their progenitor’s hydrogen-rich (H-rich) envelope mass, with SNe IIP having long plateaus (∼100 days) and the most massive H-rich envelopes. However, it is an ongoing mystery why SNe II with short plateaus (tens of days) are rarely seen. Here, we present optical/near-infrared photometric and spectroscopic observations of luminous Type II short-plateau SNe 2006Y, 2006ai, and 2016egz. Their plateaus of about 50–70 days and luminous optical peaks (≲−18.4 mag) indicate significant pre-explosion mass loss resulting in partially stripped H-rich envelopes and early circumstellar material (CSM) interaction. We compute a large grid of MESA+STELLA single-star progenitor and light-curve models with various progenitor zero-age main-sequence (ZAMS) masses, mass-loss efficiencies, explosion energies, 56Ni masses, and CSM densities. Our model grid shows a continuous population of SNe IIP–IIL–IIb-like light-curve morphology in descending order of H-rich envelope mass. With large 56Ni masses (≳0.05 M
⊙), short-plateau SNe II lie in a confined parameter space as a transitional class between SNe IIL and IIb. For SNe 2006Y, 2006ai, and 2016egz, our findings suggest high-mass red supergiant (RSG) progenitors (M
ZAMS ≃ 18–22 M
⊙) with small H-rich envelope masses (

) that have experienced enhanced mass loss (

) for the last few decades before the explosion. If high-mass RSGs result in rare short-plateau SNe II, then these events might ease some of the apparent underrepresentation of higher-luminosity RSGs in observed SN II progenitor samples.
« On est considéré comme des outsiders, mais dans le bon sens du terme »
Authors: Roumanos Rayya , Willis Haley 
Published: May 2021

Journaliste pour la cellule d’enquêtes visuelles du New York Times , Haley Willis a rejoint le grand quotidien américain en tant qu’enquêtrice OSINT en 2019, après une expérience marquante au Centre pour les droits de l’Homme de l’université de Berkeley. Pour cet entretien, elle décrit la place qu’occupe désormais l’OSINT au sein du NYT et revient sur l’une des enquêtes visuelles qui a fait grand bruit aux États-Unis : l’enquête sur la mort de George Floyd au printemps 2020.
L’ Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) et les enquêtes numériques : la panoplie du maître d’armes
Authors: Le Deuff Olivier 
Published: May 2021

Les outils et astuces qui apparaissent et disparaissent interrogent la pratique de l’OSINT dans son rapport à la technique. Quelles méthodes utiliser pour convaincre et quels instruments employer pour mener une enquête ? Dans le contexte mouvant de l’OSINT, il s’agit de repérer les principaux éléments du « maître d’armes » de l’enquêteur numérique.
Les nouvelles régions en France
Authors: Doré Gwénaël 
Published: May 2021

Après soixante années d’une délimitation largement fondée sur la géographie historique, la fusion de régions françaises, se traduisant par la suppression de neuf d’entre elles en France métropolitaine, était présentée comme porteuse d’économies budgétaires, de simplicité et d’attractivité. Depuis 2016, ce triple objectif a-t-il été validé ? Des économies ont-elles été constatées ? La simplicité s’est-elle concrétisée ? L’attractivité des régions fusionnées s’est-elle améliorée ?
E-pétition et dynamiques de mobilisation : une interaction à géométrie variable. Une étude de cas liés à l’environnement
Authors: Legris Martine , Matuszewicz Régis 
Published: May 2021

Notre objet porte sur les sept pétitions les plus importantes en nombre de signatures (plus de 4 000 signatures) issues des 1 034 pétitions en ligne relatives à l’environnement visibles sur le site lapetition.be (deuxième site d’e-pétitions belge francophone). L’accès à cette base de données nous offre la possibilité de nous attacher à la réalité des comportements des signataires plutôt qu’à leurs déclarations. Alors que théoriquement n’importe qui pourrait signer n’importe quelle pétition, nos recherches tendent à montrer que ce sont d’abord les personnes partageant un même territoire qui vont ajouter leurs signatures. Nous tentons de résoudre cette énigme de la localisation des signatures, en soulignant l’articulation entre les facteurs de territorialisation, fondés sur les réseaux locaux, et les facteurs favorisant une diffusion des signatures au-delà du cercle pétitionnaire géographiquement proche (effet plateforme, réseaux sociaux, médiatisation nationale). Notre étude montre l’imbrication de l’ancrage local et des processus de diffusion de signataires locaux vers des signataires géographiquement plus éloignés. Les dynamiques pétitionnaires procèdent soit en partant d’un ancrage local préexistant sur le terrain, soit par une forme d’attractivité des pétitions qui passe par un effet plateforme.
Quand les e-pétitions influencent-elles la décision politique ? Une analyse du système de pétitions électroniques de la Chambre des députés du Luxembourg
Authors: Kies Raphaël , Seidenthal Sven 
Published: May 2021

Dans cet article, nous présentons l’une des premières analyses à étudier de manière systématique les facteurs expliquant le degré d’appropriation par un gouvernement des demandes exprimées dans les e-pétitions qui lui sont soumises. Cette analyse se base sur l’ensemble des e-pétitions ayant obtenu les 4 500 signatures requises pour donner lieu à un débat public à la Chambre des députés du Luxembourg. Les hypothèses testées pour expliquer les variations dans le niveau d’appropriation des e-pétitions par le gouvernement ont été : 1) la compatibilité avec l’agenda du gouvernement, 2) la compétence du gouvernement pour traiter les e-pétitions en question, 3) la nature consensuelle (ou non) de l’e-pétition, 4) le nombre de signatures en sa faveur, 5) sa visibilité médiatique, et 6) le statut de son initiateur. Conformément à nos attentes, nous avons observé que les probabilités qu’une e-pétition soit prise en considération par le gouvernement sont liées à essentiellement trois facteurs : 1) la compatibilité avec l’agenda du gouvernement, 2) la compétence du gouvernement et 3) l’accord du gouvernement avec les revendications des pétitionnaires. Les autres facteurs, tels que le soutien populaire ou médiatique de l’e-pétition, sa thématique ou bien les coûts de sa réalisation, apparaissent peu significatifs.
Involvement of HAND1 and CBS in maintenance of cardiac micro-architecture following obesity-induced heart failure
Authors: Sun Xiandong , Cao Jian , Tong Haiming , Zhang Xizhe , Sun Yi , Wei Zhimin , Man Ronghai 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To study the role of heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 1 (HAND1) and cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS) in the maintenance of cardiac architecture following high fat dietinduced obesity.
Methods: Mouse models of initial and critical heart disease were established by continuous feeding of high fat diet for 7 and 12 months, respectively. The expression of HAND1 and CBS were assayed using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.
Results: Obesity led to mild and severe forms of heart disease which were confirmed through histological imaging. Initial obesity resulted in cardiac tissue remodeling along with initial degeneration, while critical obesity resulted in tissue hardening. The expression of HAND1 was upregulated 4.3 folds in the mild form of cardiac failure, relative to marginal expression pattern of HAND1 in control tissue. However, as the disease progressed, the expression of HAND1 was limited in serve form of cardiac failure. Moreover, the expression of cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) was upregulated 3.7-fold in the initial form of heart failure, but was subsequently reduced in serve form of heart disease.
Conclusion: These results reveal that in high fat diet-induced cardiac stress, the over-expressions of HAND1 and CBS at the initial stages induce extensive alterations in cardiac architecture.
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of various extracts of aerial parts of Fagonia indica Burm. F.
Authors: Atiq-ur-Rehman  , Latif Abida , Abbas Nasir , Waheed Imran , Atta-ur-Rehman  , Qaisar Muhammad Naeem 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To investigate in vitro antioxidant and anti-diabetic potentials of Fagonia indica Burm.f. Var. indica in order to provide scientific evidence for its traditional use.
Methods: Cold maceration method was employed for the preparation of extracts of aerial parts of the plant using chloroform, n-hexane, methanol and water as solvents. Total flavonoid and polyphenolic content of various extracts were determined by standard methods. The antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities of the extracts were determined using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and in vitro αglucosidase (maltase) inhibitory assays, respectively.
Results: Preliminary results indicated the presence of various phytochemicals in the extracts. The chloroform extract exhibited the highest contents of total flavonoids (65.98 ± 1.63 mg QE/g) and polyphenols (26.75 ± 1.09 mg GAE/g). This extract also showed the highest free radical scavenging (64.74 ± 1.43 %) with IC50 value of 34.18 ± 5.57 µg/mL while the methanol extract exerted the highest αglucosidase (maltase) inhibitory activity (45.22 ± 0.46 %) with half-maximal concentration (IC50) of 220.4 ± 0.41 µg/mL.
Conclusion: The extracts of the aerial parts of Fagonia indica possess significant anti-diabetic and antioxidant effect, thus justifying the traditional use of the plant for treatment of diabetes.
Determination of sun protection factor and physical remanence of dermocosmetic emulgels formulated with Manilkara zapota (L.) fruit extract
Authors: Kashif Muhammad , Akhtar Naveed 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To develop a stable emulgel formulation from Manilkara zapota fruit extract (MZFE) and evaluate its sun-protective factor (SPF) and its physical retention on facial skin.
Methods: Active test formulations containing MZFE and placebo (containing no active ingredients) were prepared by dispersing the primary emulsion into a gel phase. Both test and placebo emulgel formulations were subjected to physicochemical evaluation, stability studies, and assessment of possible photo-protective properties. The sun-protective factor (SPF) was determined in vitro by spectrophotometric analysis. Non-invasive in vivo skin bioengineering technique was used to assess the UV-quenching effects of the test and placebo emulgel formulations.
Results: A stable and cosmetically acceptable emulgel formulation loaded with MZFE was obtained. The formulation and control exhibited optimum physicochemical stability in stress stability tests. The formulation exhibited promising photo-protective effects both in vitro (SPF = 14.215 ± 0.140) and in vivo (lasted for approximately 120 min).
Conclusion: The developed MZFE-loaded test emulgel formulation possesses suitable photoprotection capability in vitro, and displays quenching effects against specific wavelengths of UV light, indicating a UV-filtering property
Effect of temozolomide combined with radiotherapy on survival and MGMT protein expression in recurrent malignant glioma patients
Authors: Yun Feng , Honghui Huang , Jing Gao , Shizhu Liu 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To investigate the effect of temozolomide (TMZ) combined with radiotherapy (RT) on O-6- methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) protein and survival of recurrent malignant glioma patients.
Methods: Ninety-two patients with malignant glioma in our hospital from January 2014 to January 2015 were assigned to study and control groups using the random table method. Subjects in the control group received radiotherapy (total dose in the range of 60 – 75 Gy), while those in the study group were given TMZ orally (75 mg/m2) daily in addition to radiotherapy, as well as TMZ at 150 – 200 mg/m2. After treatment, clinical effectiveness was compared for the two groups. Changes in methylation of MGMT gene were determined in the two groups. The patients were followed up for 3 years, and the degrees of survival and recurrence were recorded.
Results: Total effectiveness of clinical treatment was markedly higher in the study group (76.09 %) than in the control group (45.65 %; p < 0.05). One month after radiotherapy, significant decrease in MGMT gene methylation was seen in patients in the study group, relative to control patients (p < 0.05). Patients in the study group had lower median recurrence but higher degree of survival in the 2nd and 3rd years, relative to control patients (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The combination of temozolomide and radiotherapy is more effective than radiotherapy in the treatment of recurrent malignant glioma. The combined treatment significantly inhibits tumor recurrence in patients, and improves their prognosis and standard of life.
Military History and Strategic Studies as Imperatives for National Security Development in Nigeria
Authors: Wambu Chiemela Godwin , Ehimatie Amaechi 
Published: May 2021

Nigerian military history is an aspect of Nigerian history that reconstructs the philosophies, beliefs, life and times of military personnel in relation to time and place. On the other hand, strategic studies involve a study of the security policies and political conduct of states in their interaction within the international system. Since it is the military institution that implements these security policies, itself central to the objectives of states in international politics, it is logical to view military history and strategic studies as pivotal to the securitydevelopment of the Nigerian nation as it is for every other nation. Given this understanding, this study attempts to situate Nigerian military history and strategic studies as imperatives for national security development in Nigeria. To achieve its goal, the paper employs mostly secondary and but a few primary sources subjected to content historical analysis from which it was deduced that military history and strategic studies are important for the advancement of security development in Nigeria.
Keywords: Military, Strategic Studies, History, Security
National Security and Wealth Creation: The Nigerian Sustainable Growth Nightmare
Authors: Azu Benedict , Uduh Dominic Mario , Mobosi Andrew I. 
Published: May 2021

Insecurity has been one of the many challenges implicated as the biggest developmental and growth obstacle facing Nigeria as a nation. Since the independent in 1960, the country developmental strides have been hampered by one form of insecurity or the other. The country over the decades has experienced high rate of poverty, youth unemployment, widening income disparity, clashes and conflict, and violence among others with over 70% of her population living below poverty line. Security is undoubtedly the pillar upon which every meaningful development could be achieved and sustained. Lend credence to this assertion, most advanced nations of the world place high premium on security. Whilst Nigeria is richly blessed with abundant natural resources and human capital, negligence to numerous challenges of insecurity of the environment appears to have created porous security condition that engendered violence and retards growth and development. This paper is designed to empirically establish the nexus between national security and wealth creation in Nigeria. It also estimates the effect of national security on sustainable growth in Nigeria. Noting that insecurity affect growth with time lag, an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model is built for the analysis. It is expected that security exacts positive time lag effects on growth, whilst insecurity negates sustainable growth.
Intellectualism as a Catalyst for Sustainable Development in Nigeria
Authors: Nwokolo Aaron Onyemaechi 
Published: May 2021

Knowledge, research and intellectual input are veritable instruments for the advancement of any state. Intellectuals help to shape and formulate policies that can stimulate development. This paper examined the various intellectual contributions by scholars and researchers towards unlocking and enhancing development in Nigeria. It further discussed how intellectual discourse can help to unravel opportunities for socio-political and economic development of Nigeria.
Keywords: Intellectualism, Stimulation, Sustainable, Development
PELATIHAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN PESANTREN DI PESANTREN DESA CIBITUNG TENGAH BOGOR
Authors: Susanti Santi , Zulaihati Sri 
Published: May 2021

Pelaporan Akuntansi Pesantren menjadi penting di Desa Cibitung Tengan karena di desa tersebut terdapat lima pesantren yang masih belum mengetahui arti pentingnya laporan keuangan. Di sisi lain, laporan keuangan menjadi salah satu unsur penting dalam pengelolaan kegiatan pesantren. Kami menemukan berbagai bentuk permasalahan mitra dalam pembuatan laporan keuangan pesantren yaitu masih belum terekamnya asset pesantren dan juga tidak adanya pelaporan keuangan dari pesantren tersebut. Solusi yang ditawarkan untuk mencapai tujuan PKM ini adalah, peningkatan kemampuan staf keuangan pesantren dan para pengelola pesantren dalam mengelola dana pesantren serta laporan keuangannya, meningkatkan kemampuan manajerial, meningkatkan pengetahuan mitra terhadap laporan keuangan pesantren. Sehingga mempunyai kemampuan dan ketrampilan yang dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kualitas pelaporan keuangan pesantren dan diharapkan dapat menunjang peningkatan akuntanbilitas pelaporan keuangan pesantren