bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is inhaled immunotherapy more effective than environmental management when treating equine asthma?
Authors: Leather Amy , Smith Sarah 
Published: March 2021

PICO question
In horses with severe equine asthma syndrome, is inhaled immunotherapy compared to environmental reduction of allergen exposure more effective in disease modification?

Clinical bottom line
Category of research question
Treatment
The number and type of study designs reviewed
12 papers were critically reviewed. Nine clinical trials; one crossover study; one split-plot design study; and one cross-sectional study
Strength of evidence
Low
Outcomes reported
Four studies found inhaled immunotherapy to improve the clinical signs associated with equine asthma and the lung function of horses with asthma. Three papers found environmental modification by improved lung function and the clinical signs associated with equine asthma but two studies provide moderate evidence that environmental management alone is insufficient to permanently cure asthma
Conclusion
There is a low level of evidence to support the use of inhaled immunotherapy as a treatment for equine asthma

How to apply this evidence in practice
The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources.
Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.
Analisis Kesuksesan E-Billing pada Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Palembang Ilir Timur Menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: Lestari Rizky Nurfitri 
Published: March 2021

This study discusses the application of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and measures the success of e-billing implementation at the Palembang Ilir Timur Pratama Tax Office and the factors that influence its success. E-billing is developed and managed by the Directorate General of Treasury. There are 100 thousand e-billing users registered at the Palembang Ilir Timur Pratama Tax Office. Based on the analysis results obtained standardized residual covariances matrix values no smaller than -2.58 or greater than 2.58 and the probability of showing a value of 0.080 which means that the value meets the interpretation requirements that the model can be accepted. The results of this study indicate that the success rate of e-billing implementation is at the level of 78% ("Success"). This needs to be considered by organizations for the development of e-billing in the future.Index Terms— Succsess, E-Billing, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), Delone and Mclean, AMOS.Abstrak–-Penelitian ini membahas Penerapan Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) dan mengukur kesuksesan implementasi e-billing di Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Palembang Ilir Timur dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kesuksesannya. E-billing dikembangkan dan dikelola oleh Direktorat Jenderal Perbendaharaan. Pengguna e-billing sebanyak 100-an ribu yang terdata pada Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Palembang Ilir Timur. Berdasarkan hasil analisis didapatkan nilai standardized residual covariances matrix tidak ada yang lebih kecil dari -2,58 atau lebih besar dari 2,58 dan probabilitas menunjukan nilai 0,080 yang berarti nilai tersebut memenuhi syarat interpretasi bahwa model dapat diterima. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa tingkat kesuksesan implementasi e-billing berada pada tingkat 78% (“Sukses”). Hal ini perlu dipertimbangkan oleh organisasi untuk pengembangan e-billing pada masa depan. Kata Kunci— Kesuksesan, E-Billing, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) , Delone and Mclean, AMOS.
Laicidad, ¿neutralidad? y deliberación pública. Un diálogo con Alfonso Ruiz Miguel. Comentario a Alfonso Ruiz Miguel, Cuestiones de principios: entre política y Derecho
Authors: Vázquez Rodolfo 
Published: March 2021

Este artículo reseña: Alfonso Ruiz Miguel, Cuestiones de principios: entre política y Derecho, Madrid, 2020, Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales, 615 pp.
Equações hipsométricas para Pinus sp. na estação experimental de ciências florestais de Itatinga, São Paulo
Authors: Fernandes Paulo Ricardo de Sena , Sousa Débora de Araújo , Coelho Maria Cristina Bueno , Silva Marcos Vinicius Cardoso , Lima Eziele Nathane Peres , Ataide Yandro Santa Brigida , Limeira Mathaus Messias Coimbra 
Published: March 2021

Dentre as essências florestais cultivadas no Brasil destacam-se as espécies do gênero Pinus, apresentando uma grande concentração na região Sul do país, sendo as espécies mais cultivadas o Pinus elliottii e Pinus taeda. O objetivo deste trabalho foi ajustar equações matemáticas para estimar a altura das árvores em povoamentos de Pinus taeda L, Pinus oocarpa e Pinus híbrido (Pinus oocarpa x Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis), na Estação Experimental de Ciências Florestais de Itatinga – São Paulo. Para isso foi realizado um inventário florestal estratificado e sistemático por idade (21, 22 e 24 anos), utilizando-se amostragem sistemática de 3 parcelas por área. Cada parcela consistiu de 90 árvores das quais foram medidos todos diâmetros à 1,30 m do solo (DAP) e medidas as alturas totais das 10 primeiras árvores de cada parcela mais as 5 dominantes de forma a abranger todas as classes do povoamento. Para o ajuste foram testadas 10 equações hipsómétricas, sendo selecionadas de acordo com os valores de coeficiente de determinação ajustado (R2aj), erro padrão residual (Syx%), coeficiente de variação (CV%), F e análise gráfica de resíduos. A melhor equação ajustada para descrever a relação h/d para as espécies Pinus taeda, Pinus oocarpa e híbrido Pinus (Pinus oocarpa x Pinus caribaea var. Hondurensis) em todas as idades foi a de Prodan.
Use of carrageenan for the reduction of deoxynivalenol contamination in wheat and barley kernels
Authors: Dal Bosco Ducatti Rafael , Anunciação Chaiani Rozo da , Sartori Vitor Cazarotto , Piva Murilo Cecato Bombardi , Comunello Lucas , Tironi Siumar Pedro 
Published: March 2021

Wheat and barley are among the more important staple foods for human and animal nutrition in the World. Nevertheless, these crops constantly suffer from the Fusarium Heat Blight disease, responsible for decrease in yields and the bioaccumulation of the trichothecene deoxynivalenol in kernels. Searching for alternatives to overcome these problems, a set of 14 trials involving wheat and barley cultivars over two consecutive harvest seasons (2018-2019) were carried out in the States of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The tests consisted in the use of a carrageenan-rich product (Algomel Push®) produced from the red-algae Solieria chordalis in the rates of 1.0 and 2.0 L ha-1 sprayed at the beginning of the tillering stage. Overall, the use of carrageenan decreased DON contamination up to 34.64% and 35.74% when 1.0 and 2.0 L ha-1 of carrageenan was applied in wheat and barley, respectively. An increase in yield and kernels with better bromatological aspects were also seen after the use of carrageenan. Our findings suggest that the bioactive compounds found in the product, mostly carrageenan, have the ability of eliciting the plant’s mechanisms of defence and growth, and can be considered a potential option/tool for farmers and industries to cope with the problem of food quality in their mycotoxicological and bromatological aspects.
Key-words: DON; elicitation; FHB; Fusarium graminearum; Solieria chordalis
Providing an Evidence Base for Tissue Sampling and Culture Interpretation in Suspected Fracture-Related Infection
Authors: Dudareva M. , Barrett L.K. , Morgenstern M. , Atkins B.L. , Brent A.J. , McNally M.A. 
Published: March 2021

Update
This article was updated on July 1, 2021, because of a previous error. On page 983, a section entitled “Appendix” with a link to the data supplement was previously not included and has now been added.
An erratum has been published: J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2021 August 4;103(15):e62.

Background:
The recent consensus definition for the diagnosis of fracture-related infection (FRI) includes the identification of indistinguishable microorganisms in at least 2 surgical deep-tissue specimens as a confirmatory criterion. However, this cut-off, and the total number of specimens from a patient with suspected FRI that should be sent for microbiological testing, have not been validated. We endeavored to estimate the accuracy of different numbers of specimens and diagnostic cut-offs for microbiological testing of deep-tissue specimens in patients undergoing surgical treatment for possible FRI.

Methods:
A total of 513 surgical procedures in 385 patients with suspected FRI were included. A minimum of 2 surgical deep-tissue specimens were submitted for microbiological testing; 5 or more specimens were analyzed in 345 procedures (67%). FRI was defined by the presence of any confirmatory criteria other than microbiology. Resampling was utilized to model the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic cut-offs for the number of surgical specimens yielding indistinguishable microorganisms and for the total number of specimens. The likelihood of detecting all clinically relevant microorganisms was also assessed.

Results:
A diagnostic cut-off of at least 2 of 5 specimens with indistinguishable microorganisms identified by culture was 68% sensitive (95% confidence interval [CI], 62% to 74%) and 87% specific (95% CI, 81% to 94%) for the diagnosis of FRI. Two out of 3 specimens were 60% sensitive (95% CI, 55% to 66%) and 92% specific (95% CI, 88% to 96%). Submitting only 3 deep-tissue specimens risked missing clinically relevant microorganisms in at least 1 in 10 cases.

Conclusions:
The present study was the first to validate microbiological criteria for the diagnosis of FRI, supporting the current confirmatory diagnostic criteria for FRI. Analysis of at least 5 deep-tissue specimens in patients with possible FRI is recommended.

Level of Evidence:
Diagnostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Cost-Utility Analysis of the Ontario Fracture Screening and Prevention Program
Authors: Saunders Hailey , Sujic Rebeka , Bogoch Earl R. , Jain Ravi , Jinah Ashna , Elliot-Gibson Victoria , Mendlowitz Andrew B. , Linton Denise , Inrig Taucha , Isaranuwatchai Wanrudee , Sale Joanna E.M. 
Published: March 2021

Update
This article was updated on March 15, 2022, because of a previous error. On pages 1175, 1179, and 1180, in the Abstract, Results, and Figure 3 legend, the incremental cost that had read a negative “$274” now reads a negative “$277”; this change did not affect the interpretation of the results.
An erratum has been published: J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2022 Apr 20;104(8):e34.

Background:
The Fracture Screening and Prevention Program (FSPP), a fracture liaison service (FLS), was implemented in the province of Ontario, Canada, in 2007 to prevent recurrent fragility fractures and to improve post-fracture care. The objective of this analysis was to determine the cost-effectiveness of the current model of the FSPP compared with usual care (no program) from the perspective of the universal public health-care payer (Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care [MOHLTC]), over the lifetime of older adults who presented with a fragility fracture of the proximal part of the femur, the proximal part of the humerus, or the distal part of the radius and were not taking medications to prevent or slow bone loss and reduce the risk of fracture (bone active medications).

Methods:
We developed a state-transition (Markov) model to conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis of the FSPP in comparison with usual care. The model simulated a cohort of patients with a fragility fracture starting at 71 years of age. Model parameters were obtained from published literature and from the FSPP. Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and costs in 2018 Canadian dollars were predicted over a lifetime horizon using a 1.5% annual discount rate. Health outcomes included subsequent proximal femoral, vertebral, proximal humeral, and distal radial fractures. Scenario and subgroup analyses were reported.

Results:
The FSPP had lower expected costs ($277 less) and higher expected effectiveness (by 0.018 QALY) than usual care over the lifetime horizon. Ninety-four percent of the 10,000 Monte Carlo simulated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) demonstrated lower costs and higher effectiveness of the FSPP.

Conclusions:
The FSPP appears to be cost-effective compared with usual care over a lifetime for patients with fragility fracture. This information may help to quantify the value of the FSPP and to assist policy-makers in deciding whether to expand the FSPP to additional hospitals or to initiate similar programs where none exist.

Level of Evidence:
Economic and Decision Analysis Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Third-Generation Minimally Invasive Chevron and Akin Osteotomies (MICA) in Hallux Valgus Surgery
Authors: Lewis Thomas L. , Ray Robbie , Miller George , Gordon David J. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
There is interest in hallux valgus deformity correction using internal fixation with the minimally invasive chevron and Akin osteotomies (MICA) technique. The objective of this study was to assess the correction measured on postoperative radiographs and clinical outcomes, using validated outcome measures, at 2 years following third-generation MICA.

Methods:
This is a prospective single-surgeon case series of 333 consecutive feet that underwent MICA surgery between July 2014 and April 2018. The primary clinical outcome measures included the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ), EuroQol-5 Dimensions-5 Level (EQ-5D-5L) Index, EuroQol-visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS), and a VAS for pain (VAS-pain). Secondary outcome measures included radiographic parameters and complication rates.

Results:
Preoperative and 2-year postoperative patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were collected for 292 feet (87.7%). At a minimum 2-year follow-up, the MOXFQ scores (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) had improved in each domain—i.e., reduced from 44.5 ± 21.0 preoperatively to 9.4 ± 15.8 postoperatively for pain (p < 0.001), from 38.7 ± 23.4 to 6.5 ± 14.6 for walking and standing (p < 0.001), and from 48.0 ± 22.3 to 6.6 ± 13.5 for social interaction (p < 0.001). The VAS-pain score improved from 31.4 ± 22.7 preoperatively to 8.4 ± 16.4 at the 2-year follow-up (p < 0.001), the 1-2 intermetatarsal angle was reduced from 15.3° ± 3.6° preoperatively to 5.7° ± 3.2° at the 2-year follow-up (p < 0.001), and the hallux valgus angle was reduced from 32.9° ± 10.2° to 8.7° ± 5.2° (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
The third-generation MICA provided significant improvement in clinical outcome measures at the 2-year follow-up and can be successfully used for correction of a range of hallux valgus deformities with a low rate of symptomatic recurrence.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Snapping Extensor Pollicis Longus Tendon Subluxation Secondary to Trapeziometacarpal Instability
Authors: Anderson Spencer R. , Harrison Lucas M. , Wimalawansa Sunishka M. 
Published: March 2021

Case:
A 20-year-old woman presented with painful, snapping extensor pollicis longus (EPL) tendon subluxation and trapeziometacarpal (TMC) joint instability. Hemi–extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) tendon autograft stabilized the TMC joint, reconstructing the 1-2 intermetacarpal ligament. The subluxed EPL tendon was centralized over the dorsal first metacarpal by tightening the metacarpophalangeal radial sagittal band and creating a dorsal first metacarpal “neosheath” pulley using ECRL graft remnant. Postoperative rehabilitation included Spica bracing and immediate thumb interphalangeal joint exercises.

Conclusion:
The patient's pain due to EPL tendon subluxation and TMC joint instability completely resolved. Postoperative thumb range of motion and function were equivalent to the nonaffected side.
PERBANDINGAN ANTARA CERTAINTY FACTOR DAN FORWARD CHAINING UNTUK MENENTUKAN PENYAKIT KOLESTEROL BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: Sihmahfudha Ady Atna , Syahminan Syahminan , Ahsan Moh 
Published: March 2021

Analisa perbandingan dua metode yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan suatu kasus permasalahan antara lain merupakan Certainty Factor dan Forward Chaining. Certainty factor dapat gunakan dalam nilai guna memperkirakan derajat kepercayaan seorang ahlidalam menilai suatu data. Metode ini sangat cocok dalam sistem sebagai tolak suatu apabilamemiliki kepastia dan tidak kepasstani guna menganalisa penyakit. Sedangkan forwour Chaining merupakan metode pencarian atau teknik pelacakan ke depan yang dimulai dengan informasi yang ada dan memadukan dalam bentuk rule untuk menghasilkan suatu kesimpulan atau tujuan. Salah satu penerapan perbandingan 2 metode ini adalah untuk menentukan penyakit kolestrol berbasis android. Maka dari itu dibuat suatu perbandingan metode certianty factor dan forward chaining Untuk Menentukan Penyakit Kolestrol Berbasis Android. Program di terapkan di dalam handphone.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN STUDENTS TEAMS ACHIEVEMENT DIVISIONS (STAD) DAN PROBLEMS BASED LEARNING (PBL) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR
Authors: Rusni Ermilinda , Susilo Djoko Adi , Pranyata Yuniar Ika Putri 
Published: March 2021

Keberhasilan siswa dalam pembelajaran diukur dari hasil belajar siswa. Berdasarkan hasil observasi hasil belajar siswa pada materi Sistem Persamaan Linear Dua Variabel masih rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan model STAD dipadu model PBL yang dapat meningkatkan hasil siswa. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Cara pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, tes dan wawancara. Analisis data, yaitu reduksi data, paparan data dan penyimpulan data. Mengecek keabsahan data dengan menggunakan teknik triangulasi, ketekunan pengamatan dan pengecekkan sejawat. Hasil penelitian diperoleh (1)observasi keterlaksanaan oleh guru pada siklus I dan II diperoleh 85,71% dan 97,61% dengan kategori sangat baik, sedangkan penerapan pada siswa siklus I dan II diperoleh 83,33% dan 96,42% dengan kategori sangat baik. (2)Peningkatan ketuntasan siswa dari siklus I 66,66% dan siklus II 90%. Sehingga, penerapan model STAD dan PBL dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Hasil tersebut dapat dicapai dengan menggunakan langkah-langkah pembelajaran sebagai berikut: 1)Persiapan; 2)Penyajian materi; 3)Orientasi siswa pada masalah; 4)Pembagian kelompok; 5)Kegiatan kelompok; 6)Membimbing penyelidikan kelompok, 7)Menyajikan dan mengembangkan hasil karya; 8)Perhitungan Skor individu; 9)Penghargaan kelompok; 10)Kesimpulan; 11)Penutup. Saran yang diberikan adalah bagi guru matematika hendaknya menggunakan model pembelajaran yang variatif.
MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS SISWA
Authors: Kurniati Oswaldin Siana , Sumadji Sumadji , Suwanti Vivi 
Published: March 2021

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh model pembelajaran PBL terhadap kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa di SMP Nasional Malang. Sampel penelitian ini dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive random sampling. Terpilih kelas VII A sebagai kelas eksperimen dan VII B sebagai kelas kontrol yang masing-masing berjumlah 32 siswa. Jenis penelitian adalah eksperimen semu (quasi experiment) dan menggunakan metode Nonequivalent control group design. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini berupa penguji instrumen penelitian yang terdiri atas validasi istrumen dan uji reliabilitas, uji normalitas, uji homogenitas serta uji hipotesis. Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji Independent Sample T-Test berbantuan program SSPS. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa; (1) pengujian hipotesis diperoleh nilai signifikan 0.021<0.05. (2) Rata-rata nilai kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa yang diberi perlakuan dengan model Problem Based Learning adalah 75.81 dan siswa yang di beri perlakuan dengan pembelajaran konvensional adalah 69.94. Kesimpulan penelitian ini terdapat pengaruh model PBL terhadap kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa SMP Nasional Malang. Saran bagi peneliti selanjutnya mencoba memakai model lain untuk meneliti kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa.
MODEL RECIPROCAL TEACHING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF MATEMATIKA
Authors: Areq Agustina , Marsitin Retno , Suwanti Vivi 
Published: March 2021

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh Pembelajaran Matematika Model Reciprocal Teaching Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Matematika Peserta Didik Kelas VIII SMP PGRI 6 Malang. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen semu (quasi experiment). Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas VIII A sebagai kelas eksperimen sebanyak 35 peserta didik dan kelas VIII B sebagai kelas kontrol sebanyak 35 peserta didik.Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes yang terdiri dari pretest dan posttest. Analisis data menggunakan uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji normalitas, uji homogenitas dan uji hipotesis. Pengujian hipotesis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji independent-Sampel T test. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa nilai rata rata kemampuan berpikir kreatif peserta didik kelas eksperimen lebih baik dari kelas kontrol. Hal ini dilihat dari nilai signifikansi 0,048 0,05 dan hasil lembar kerja peserta didik setiap kelompok memperoleh nilai diatas kriteria ketuntasan minimal. Disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pembelajaran matematika model reciprocal teaching terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematika peserta didik kelas VIII SMP PGRI 6 Malang. Disarankan untuk peneliti selanjutnya diharapkan dapat menggunakan model reciprocal teaching untuk materi yang berbeda sebagai studi perbandingan bahwa model ini sangat berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif peserta didik.
PENGARUH MODEL PBL TERHADAP BERPIKIR KRITIS DITINJAU DARI KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Maya Sofiana , Sholikhan Sholikhan , Sundaygara Chandra 
Published: March 2021

Abstrak. Pembelajaran IPA adalah pembelajaran yang berkaitan dengan fenomena alam. Jenis penelitian merupakan penelitian kuantitatif. Tujuannya yakni (1) mengetahui perbedaan kemampuan berpikir kritis antara siswa yang belajar menggunakan PBL dengan Discovery Learning, (2) mengetahui perbedaan berpikir kritis antara yang mempunyai kemandirian belajar tinggi dan kemandirian rendah, (3) untuk mengetahui pengaruh interaksi dari model pembelajaran dan kemandirian belajar siswa. dan metode penelitian menggunakan tehnik Cluster Random Sampling. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 2 Malang. Sampel yang digunakan yakni kelas VII H menggunakan PBL dan kelas VII F menggunakan Discovery Learning. Analisis data penelitian ini menggunakan ANOVA dua jalur. Berdasarkan analisis data diperoleh hasil bahwa (1) tidak ada perbedaan berpikir kritis antara siswa yang menggunakan PBL dan siswa yang Discovery Learning, (2) tidak terdapat perbedaan berpikir kritis antara siswa yang mempunyai kemandirian belajar tinggi dan kemandirian rendah, (3) tidak ada interaksi antara model PBL dan kemandirian belajar siswa terhadap berpikir kritis siswa.

Kata kunci: PBL, Berpikir Kritis, Kemandirian belajar