bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermoplastic Elastomer Tunes Phase Structure and Promotes Stretchability of High‐Efficiency Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Peng Zhongxiang , Xian Kaihu , Cui Yong , Qi Qingchun , Liu Junwei , Xu Ye , Chai Yubo , Yang Chunming , Hou Jianhui , Geng Yanhou , Ye Long 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTop‐performance organic solar cells (OSCs) consisting of conjugated polymer donors and nonfullerene small molecule acceptors (NF‐SMAs) deliver rapid increases in efficiencies. Nevertheless, many of the polymer donors exhibit high stiffness and small molecule acceptors are very brittle, which limit their applications in wearable devices. Here, a simple and effective strategy is reported to improve the stretchability and reduce the stiffness of high‐efficiency polymer:NF‐SMA blends and simultaneously maintain the high efficiency by incorporating a low‐cost commercial thermoplastic elastomer, polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene‐ran‐butylene)‐block‐polystyrene (SEBS). The microstructure, mechanical properties, and photovoltaic performance of PM6:N3 with varied SEBS contents and the molecular weight dependence of SEBS on microstructure and mechanical properties are thoroughly characterized. This strategy for mechanical performance improvement exhibits excellent applicability in some other OSC blend systems, e.g., PBQx‐TF:eC9‐2Cl and PBDB‐T:ITIC. More crucially, the elastic modulus of such complex ternary blends can be nicely predicted by a mechanical model. Therefore, incorporating thermoplastic elastomers is a widely applicable and cost‐effective strategy to improve mechanical properties of nonfullerene OSCs and beyond.
MXene‐Coupled Sandwich‐Like Polyaniline as Dual Conductive Electrode for Flexible All‐Solid‐State and Ionic‐liquid‐Based Supercapacitors with Superior Energy Density
Authors: Seenath Jensheer Shamsudeen , Biswal Bishnu P. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract2D conducting materials (2DCMs), such as graphene, coordination polymers including 2D‐metal‐organic frameworks, conducting organic polymer nanosheets, metal sheets, and their composites are promising candidates for energy storage and conversion applications. Rational design and preparation of 2DCMs usually involve specific templates (soft or hard) that often sacrifice conductivity and negatively impact the electrochemical charge storage performance. In this work, 2D MXene is used as the conductive substrate yielding sandwich‐like MXene‐polyaniline hybrids (MX@PANIs) for high‐performance supercapacitors (SCs) operating in aqueous, solid‐state, and ionic‐liquid‐based safe electrolytes. The MX@PANI‐based flexible all‐solid‐state SC using PVA‐H2SO4 delivers an excellent energy density of 28.6 W h kg–1 at 0.2 kW kg–1. Importantly, the synergistic effect of constituents in MX@PANI in ionic liquid (EMITFSI) electrolyte exhibits an impressive energy density performance of 139 W h kg–1 at a power density of 1.66 kW kg–1, exceeding most of the reported PANI and MXene‐based SCs. This piece of work offers a feasible solution to create the next generation energy‐storage devices using novel 2D hybrid nanocomposites working in safer electrolytes for high‐performance SCs.
Airborne ascospore discharge with co‐dispersal of attached epihymenial algae in some foliicolous lichens
Authors: Sanders William B. , Brisky Benjamin J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPremiseLichen‐forming fungi that colonize leaf surfaces must find a compatible algal symbiont, establish lichen symbiosis, and reproduce within the limited life span of their substratum. Many produce specialized asexual propagules that appear to be dispersed by rain and runoff currents, but less is known about dispersal of their meiotic ascospores. In some taxa, a layer of algal symbionts covers the hymenial surface of the apothecia, where asci discharge their ascospores. We examined the untested hypothesis that their ascospores are ejected into air currents and carry with them algal symbionts from the epihymenial layer for subsequent lichenization.MethodsLeaves bearing the lichens Calopadia puiggarii, Sporopodium marginatum (Pilocarpaceae), and Gyalectidium viride (Gomphillaceae) were collected in southern Florida. The latter two species have epihymenial algal layers. Leaf fragments with apotheciate thalli were affixed in petri dishes, with glass cover slips attached inside the lid over the thalli. Subsequent discharge of ascospores and any co‐dispersed algae was evaluated with light microscopy.ResultsAll three species discharged ascospores aerially. Discharged ascospores were frequently surrounded by a halo‐like sheath of transparent material. In the two species with an epihymenial algal layer, most dispersing ascospores (>90%) co‐transported algal cells attached to the spore sheath or wall.ConclusionsWhile water may be the usual vector for their asexual propagules, foliicolous lichen‐forming fungi make use of air currents to disperse their ascospores. The epihymenial algal layer represents an adaptation for efficient co‐dispersal of the algal symbiont with the next genetic generation of the fungus.
Rare neurological manifestations in a Saudi Arabian patient with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome and a novel homozygous variant in the TNXB gene
Authors: Al‐Harbi Talal M. , Al‐Rammah Haya , Al‐Zahrani Naif , Liu Yichuan , Sleiman Patrick M. A. , Dridi Walid , Hakonarson Hakon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe report a 38‐year‐old Saudi male with Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome (EDS). The patient presented with rare and unusual neurological manifestations, including but not limited to ophthalmoplegia and myopathic pattern on his electromyography. In addition to hand weakness, there was skin hyperextensibility, joint hyperflexibility, and frontal baldness. Next‐generation sequencing was performed on target exon sequences, using whole exome sequencing and Burrows–Wheeler Aligner for alignment/base calling. Genome Analysis Toolkit and reference genome Homo sapiens (UCSC hg19) were used for sequence processing and analysis. Variant classification was done according to standard international recommendations. A novel homozygous variant, NM_019105.6: c.8488C>T p.(Gln2830*), was detected in the TNXB gene. This variant is not reported in the literature nor dbSNP or gnomAD databases. Additionally, this variant is predicted to create a premature stop codon and produce a truncated protein or nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay. Hence, it is classified as a likely pathogenic variant. The same point variant was found in a heterozygous state in the patient's father and sister. Both presented with milder symptoms associated with Ehlers–Danlos syndromes and heritable connective tissue disorders. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed as a tenascin‐X (TNX) deficient type of EDS known as classical‐like Ehlers–Danlos syndrome. TNX deficient patients may present with clinical and electrophysiological manifestations that are unusual in EDS like frontal baldness, ophthalmoplegia, and myotonia, which mimic myotonic dystrophy type I. Clinicians should be aware of the potential overlap of symptoms among these two diseases to ensure correct diagnosis is made.
An information behavior theory of transitions
Authors: Ruthven Ian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a theory of life transitions focused on information behavior. Through a process of meta‐ethnography, the paper transforms a series of influential theories and models into a theory of transitions for use in Information Science. This paper characterizes the psychological processes involved in transitions as consisting of three main stages, Understanding, Negotiating, and Resolving, each of which have qualitatively different information behaviors and which require different types of information support. The paper discusses the theoretical implications of this theory and proposes ways in which the theory can be used to provide practical support for those undergoing transitions.
Detection of quasi‐periodic oscillations in γ‐ray and optical light curves of the BL Lac 4FGL J0650.7 + 2503
Authors: Gong Yunlu , Yi Tingfeng , Yang Xing , Chang Xin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this work, we have assembled the long‐term variability data of the blazar 4FGL J0650.7 + 2503 in the γ‐ray and the optical bands, spanning about 11.9 and 8.6 years, respectively. The light curves are then analyzed by using Lomb‐Scargle Periodogram, Weighted Wavelet Z‐transform, Jurkevich and discrete correlation function techniques, and the results reveal two possible timescales of quasi‐periodic oscillation: 500 ± 37 days for γ‐ray and 330 ± 20 days for optical. To explore the origin of the γ‐ray, we investigated between the optical and γ‐ray band correlations, and found that the correlation between the two bands is very significant. This correlation can be reasonably explained by the lepton self‐synchro‐Compton model. Based on the supermassive binary black hole system model, we estimate the primary black hole mass .
Imputing cognitive impairment in SPARK, a large autism cohort
Authors: Shu Chang , Green Snyder LeeAnne , Shen Yufeng , Chung Wendy K. ,   The SPARK Consortium
Published: October 2021

AbstractDiverse large cohorts are necessary for dissecting subtypes of autism, and intellectual disability is one of the most robust endophenotypes for analysis. However, current cognitive assessment methods are not feasible at scale. We developed five commonly used machine learning models to predict cognitive impairment (FSIQ<80 and FSIQ<70) and FSIQ scores among 521 children with autism using parent‐reported online surveys in SPARK, and evaluated them in an independent set (n = 1346) with a missing data rate up to 70%. We assessed accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity by comparing predicted cognitive levels against clinical IQ data. The elastic‐net model has good performance (AUC = 0.876, sensitivity = 0.772, specificity = 0.803) using 129 predictive features to impute cognitive impairment (FSIQ<80). Top‐ranked predictive features included parent‐reported language and cognitive levels, age at autism diagnosis, and history of services. Prediction of FSIQ<70 and FSIQ scores also showed good performance. We show cognitive levels can be imputed with high accuracy for children with autism, using commonly collected parent‐reported data and standardized surveys. The current model offers a method for large‐scale autism studies seeking estimates of cognitive ability when standardized psychometric testing is not feasible.Lay SummaryChildren with autism who have more severe learning challenges or cognitive impairment have different needs that are important to consider in research studies. When children in our study were missing standardized cognitive testing scores, we were able to use machine learning with other information to correctly “guess” when they have cognitive impairment about 80% of the time. We can use this information in research in the future to develop more appropriate treatments for children with autism and cognitive impairment.
Long‐term outcomes of outpatient laser ablation for recurrent non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Grover Sarika , Raj Siddarth , Russell Beth , Mensah Elsie , Nair Rajesh , Thurairaja Ramesh , Khan Muhammad Shamim , Thomas Kay , Malde Sachin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study is to determine the long‐term efficacy and safety of office‐based Holmium:YAG laser ablation for the treatment of recurrent non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all consecutive patients who underwent office‐based laser ablation for recurrent bladder cancer between 2008 and 2016. The following data were collected: original histology, date of original histology, date of laser ablation, number of repeat laser ablation procedures required, date of tumor recurrence or progression, number of general anesthesia procedures (transurethral resection or cystodiathermy) required after first laser ablation, and number and severity of complications. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were produced for recurrence‐free survival, progression‐free survival, and overall survival.ResultsA total of 97 patients, with an average age of 84 (62–98) years and an average Charlson Comorbidity Index of 6.9 (4–13), were included. The median follow‐up was 61 (2–150) months. Fifty‐five (56.7%) patients presented with tumor recurrence, and the median recurrence‐free survival time was 1.69 years (95% CI 1.20–2.25). Only 9 (9.3%) patients had evidence of tumor progression to a higher grade or stage, 8 (89%) of which initially had low‐grade tumors; however, no patient progressed to muscle‐invasive disease. The median progression‐free survival time was 5.70 years (95% CI 4.10–7.60), and the median overall survival time was 7.60 years (95% CI 4.90–8.70). No patient required emergency inpatient admission after laser ablation.ConclusionOffice‐based Holmium:YAG laser ablation offers a safe and effective alternative method for treating low‐volume, low‐grade recurrent NMIBC, especially in elderly patients with significant co‐morbidity, while avoiding general anesthesia and inpatient admission.
Xanthopsin‐Like Systems via Site‐Specific Click‐Functionalization of a Retinoic Acid Binding Protein
Authors: Tassone Giusy , Paolino Marco , Pozzi Cecilia , Reale Annalisa , Salvini Laura , Giorgi Gianluca , Orlandini Maurizio , Galvagni Federico , Mangani Stefano , Yang Xuchun , Carlotti Benedetta , Ortica Fausto , Latterini Loredana , Olivucci Massimo , Cappelli Andrea 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe use of light‐responsive proteins to control both living or synthetic cells, is at the core of the expanding fields of optogenetics and synthetic biology. It is thus apparent that a richer reaction toolbox for the preparation of such systems is of fundamental importance. Here, we provide a proof‐of‐principle demonstration that Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman adducts can be employed to perform a facile site‐specific, irreversible and diastereoselective click‐functionalization of a lysine residue buried into a lipophilic binding pocket and yielding an unnatural chromophore with an extended π‐system. In doing so we effectively open the path to the in vitro preparation of a library of synthetic proteins structurally reminiscent of xanthopsin eubacterial photoreceptors. We argue that such a library, made of variable unnatural chromophores inserted in an easy‐to‐mutate and crystallize retinoic acid transporter, significantly expand the scope of the recently introduced rhodopsin mimics as both optogenetic and “lab‐on‐a‐molecule” tools.
Immobilization of Microbial Consortium for Glutaric Acid Production from Lysine
Authors: Gao Cong , Wang Jiaping , Guo Liang , Hu Guipeng , Liu Jia , Song Wei , Liu Liming , Chen Xiulai 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGlutaric acid is an important C5 platform compound for the synthesis of nylon polymers. However, its production titer and cost are limited by the need for expensive cofactors addition as well as the difficulty of reusing microbial catalysts. Herein, to address these problems, two regeneration systems each for NAD(P)+ and α‐ketoglutaric acid were introduced into a five‐enzyme cadaverine pathway for a whole‐cell biocatalytic approach. We demonstrated the efficient conversion of lysine to glutaric acid in a synthetic microbial consortium manner, producing 73.2 g/L glutaric acid with a 74 % molar yield in a 5‐L bioreactor scale. Moreover, with a colloidal chitin‐based immobilization, the engineered microbial consortium exhibited good stability and reusability in a five‐cycle bioconversion. This study provides an efficient microbial platform for glutaric acid production by developing a cheaper and universal cell immobilization approach.
A Lead Mixed Halide with Three Different Coordinated Anions and Strong Second‐Harmonic Generation Response
Authors: Shui Qi‐Rui , Fu Rui‐Biao , Zhou Zi‐Qi , Ma Zu‐Ju , Tang Hong‐Xin , Wu Xin‐Tao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNonlinear optical (NLO) crystals are widely applied in information technology, micro‐manufacturing and medical treatment. Herein, a new lead mixed halide with strong second‐harmonic generation (SHG) response, Cs3Pb2(CH3COO)2Br3I2, has been designed and rationally synthesized. Cs3Pb2(CH3COO)2Br3I2 represents the rare NLO crystal featuring that three different anions (I−, Br− and O2−) simultaneously coordinate the Pb(II) atom to form a severely distorted [PbBr2I2O2] polyhedron with a large polarizability. Remarkably, Cs3Pb2(CH3COO)2Br3I2 not only exhibits a very strong phase‐matching SHG response of 9×KH2PO4 (KDP), but also possesses a large birefringence (0.27@1064 nm) and high laser damage threshold (LDT). The strong SHG effect of Cs3Pb2(CH3COO)2Br3I2 mainly originates from the oriented arrangement of [Pb2Br3I2] chains. This study points out an effective strategy to develop new NLO crystals with strong SHG response.
Kreuz‐Gegenstrom‐Verschaltung zum Numbering‐up der Pfropfenströmung zu Extraktionszwecken
Authors: Schwarz Christian Andreas , Mendelawi Mehdy , Agar David W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn der Mikroverfahrenstechnik limitiert die Miniaturisierung den maximalen Durchsatz einer µ‐Mixer‐Settler‐Einheit. Eine Steigerung der Produktion kann daher nur durch die Parallelisierung mehrerer Extraktionseinheiten erfolgen. Ein Strang aus n im Gegenstrom verschalteten Stufen benötigt dabei n + 1 Pumpen, der parallele Betrieb von m Strängen bereits m (n + 1) Pumpen. Ein neues Verschaltungskonzept wird vorgestellt, das die notwendige Pumpenzahl auf 2m + n – 1 reduziert. Das Konzept wird theoretisch diskutiert. Experimente belegen die prinzipielle Realisierbarkeit der Fluiddynamik.
Oncological patients' reactions to COVID‐19 pandemic: A single institution prospective study
Authors: Onesti Concetta Elisa , Schroeder Hélène , Rorive Andrée , Sautois Brieuc , Lecocq Marie , Goffin Marie , Gonne Elodie , Collinge Astrid , Nicolaers Laurence , Wéra Odile , Catot Amandine , Loly Catherine , Paulus Astrid , Sibille Anne , Lousberg Laurence , Troisfontaine Florence , Collignon Joëlle , Gennigens Christine , Frères Pierre , Polus Marc , Duysinx Bernard , Vaillant Frédérique , Marchal Nathalie , Poncin Aurélie , Jerusalem Guy 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe spread of the COVID‐19 pandemic has led to a rapid reorganization in all human and hospital activities, with impact on cancer patients.AimAn analysis of cancer patients fears, and awareness of COVID‐19 has been done in this study.Methods and resultsWe analyzed cancer patients' reactions to the pandemic and their perception of oncological care reorganization, through a 12‐item survey, proposed at the peak of pandemic and 3 months later. Overall, 237 patients were included in the study. During the peak of pandemic 34.6% of patients were more worried about COVID‐19 than cancer versus 26.4% in the post‐acute phase (p = .013). Although 49.8% of patients in the acute phase and 42.3% in the post‐acute phase considered their risk of death if infected ≥50%, and more than 70% of patients thought to be at higher risk of complications, the majority of them did not consider the possibility to stop or delay their treatment. Patients were more interested in following news about COVID‐19 than cancer and they complied with all preventive measures in more than 90% of the cases.ConclusionsAlthough cancer patients worried about COVID‐19 and evaluated the risk of complication or death due to COVID‐19 as extremely high, they were still asking for the best oncological treatment.
Multi‐GPU room response simulation with hardware raytracing
Authors: Thoman Peter , Wippler Markus , Hranitzky Robert , Gschwandtner Philipp , Fahringer Thomas 
Published: October 2021

SummaryTime‐of‐flight camera systems are an essential component in 3D scene analysis and reconstruction for many modern computer vision applications. The development and validation of such systems require testing in a large variety of scenes and situations. Accurate room impulse response simulation greatly speeds up development and validation, as well as reducing its cost, but large computational overhead has so far limited its applicability. While the overall algorithmic requirements of this simulation differ significantly from 3D rendering, the recently introduced hardware raytracing support in GPUs nonetheless provides an interesting new implementation option. In this article, we present a new room response simulation method, implemented in a vendor‐independent fashion with Vulkan compute shaders and leveraging NVIDIA VKRay hardware raytracing. We also extend this method to multi‐GPU computation with asynchronous streaming and introduce a domain‐specific high‐performance compression scheme in order to overcome the limitations of on‐board GPU memory and PCIe bandwidth when simulating very large scenes. Our implementation is, to the best of our knowledge, the first ever combined application of Vulkan hardware raytracing and multi‐GPU compute in a non‐rendering simulation setting. Compared to a state‐of‐the‐art multicore CPU implementation running on 12 CPU cores, we achieve an overall speedup factor of up to 20 on a single consumer GPU, and 71 on four GPUs.
New medications for the treatment of acne
Authors: Horissian Mikael , Zaenglein Andrea L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSeveral new medications, both with novel molecules and modified delivery systems, have been developed for the treatment of acne vulgaris. Trifarotene 0.005% cream, tretinoin 0.05% lotion, and tazarotene 0.045% lotion expand topical retinoid options while minocycline 4% foam and systemic sarecycline provide new antibiotic choices for patients. Clascoterone 1% cream is a first in class topical antiandrogen recently FDA approved for acne. This review provides an update on these medications, including their mechanism of action, clinical data, and where they currently fit in the acne treatment algorithm as well as practical application tips.