bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rising repair costs and the throwaway society
Authors: McCollough John , Qiu Ailian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhen faced with a malfunctioning household product, consumers can choose to repair their older product for further reuse or they can discard it and purchase a newly manufactured version. Electing to replace the older, malfunctioning product may impact the environment negatively. Over time repair costs have been rising faster than the cost of newly manufactured products. As a result, many more consumers are choosing to not have their older products repaired. This article examines empirically the cause of rising repair costs, taking automobiles as an example, and discusses wider issues around the ‘throwaway society’.
Associations of toothbrushing behaviour with risks of vascular and nonvascular diseases in Chinese adults
Authors: Zhuang Zhenhuang , Gao Meng , Lv Jun , Yu Canqing , Guo Yu , Bian Zheng , Yang Ling , Du Huaidong , Chen Yiping , Ning Feng , Liu Huilin , Chen Junshi , Chen Zhengming , Huang Tao , Li Liming ,   The China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) Collaborative Group
Published: June 2021

AbstractAccumulating evidence has shown that poor oral hygiene is associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases in Western populations. However, its relevance about the relationships in Chinese adults remains unclear. The China Kadoorie Biobank enrolled 512 715 adults aged 30‐79 years in China during 2004‐2008. Cox regression was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for each disease associated with measures of oral hygiene. Overall 9.3% of the participants reported rarely or never brushing teeth at baseline. Participants who rarely or never brushed teeth had adjusted HR of 1.12 (95% CI: 1.09, 1.15) for MVE, with similar HRs for stroke (1.08, 1.05‐1.12), intracerebral haemorrhage (1.18, 1.11‐1.26) and pulmonary heart disease (1.22, 1.13‐1.32) compared with those who brushed teeth regularly. Those who did not brush teeth also had increased risk of cancer (1.09, 1.04‐1.14), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (1.12, 1.05‐1.20), liver cirrhosis (1.25, 1.09‐1.44) and all‐cause death (1.25, 1.21‐1.28) but not type 2 diabetes (0.94, 0.86‐1.03) and chronic kidney disease (0.98, 0.81‐1.18). Among Chinese adults, we found that poor oral hygiene is associated with higher risks of major vascular disease, cancer, COPD, liver cirrhosis and all‐cause deaths, but not type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease.
Risk and outcomes of COVID‐19 in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Moreno‐Torres Irene , Meca Lallana Virginia , Costa‐Frossard Lucienne , Oreja‐Guevara Celia , Aguirre Clara , Alba Suárez Elda María , Gómez Moreno Mayra , Borrega Canelo Laura , Sabín Muñoz Julia , Aladro Yolanda , Cárcamo Alba , Rodríguez García Elena , Cuello Juan Pablo , Monreal Enric , Sainz de la Maza Susana , Pérez Parra Fernando , Valenzuela Rojas Francisco , López de Silanes de Miguel Carlos , Casanova Ignacio , Martínez Gines Maria Luisa , Blasco Rosario , Orviz García Aida , Villar‐Guimerans Luisa María , Fernández‐Dono Guillermo , Elvira Víctor , Santiuste Carmen , Espiño Mercedes , García Domínguez José Manuel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeLimited information is available on incidence and outcomes of COVID‐19 in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). This study investigated the risks of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and COVID‐19‐related outcomes in patients with MS, and compared these with the general population.MethodsA regional registry was created to collect data on incidence, hospitalization rates, intensive care unit admission, and death in patients with MS and COVID‐19. National government outcomes and seroprevalence data were used for comparison. The study was conducted at 14 specialist MS treatment centers in Madrid, Spain, between February and May 2020.ResultsTwo‐hundred nineteen patients were included in the registry, 51 of whom were hospitalized with COVID‐19. The mean age ± standard deviation was 45.3 ± 12.4 years, and the mean duration of MS was 11.9 ± 8.9 years. The infection incidence rate was lower in patients with MS than the general population (adjusted incidence rate ratio = 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.70–0.80), but hospitalization rates were higher (relative risk = 5.03, 95% CI = 3.76–6.62). Disease severity was generally low, with only one admission to an intensive care unit and five deaths. Males with MS had higher incidence rates and risk of hospitalization than females. No association was found between the use of any disease‐modifying treatment and hospitalization risk.ConclusionsPatients with MS do not appear to have greater risks of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection or severe COVID‐19 outcomes compared with the general population. The decision to start or continue disease‐modifying treatment should be based on a careful risk–benefit assessment.
Machine learning‐based genetic feature identification and fatigue life prediction
Authors: Zhou Kun , Sun Xingyue , Shi Shouwen , Song Kai , Chen Xu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractConsidering the nonlinear relationship between variables and fatigue life and the computational burden, a machine learning method integrating the artificial neural network (ANN) and partial least squares (PLS) algorithm was proposed as a framework to identify the genetic features through optimizing fatigue life prediction. Twenty‐seven specimens of 316LN stainless steel under uniaxial and multiaxial loadings were used as examples. As results, early fatigue data were proved to be informative for fatigue life prediction. Moreover, five genetic features were identified out of them, and a predicting model was developed. The predicted fatigue life of these samples using only these five genetic features were all located within the 1.5‐factor band. This framework can be easily extended to identify genetic features and to predict fatigue life of other materials under different loadings. Therefore, it provides an efficient option in this field to greatly reduce experimental time and cost.
Do volatility extensions improve the quality of closing call auctions?
Authors: Félez‐Viñas Ester , Hagströmer Björn 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo improve the efficiency of the closing price, many equity exchanges apply volatility extensions to their closing call auctions (CCAs). If an imminent auction execution implies a large price change, the order submission period is extended to let traders reconsider their orders. This paper uses the introduction of closing auction volatility extensions at NASDAQ Nordic to provide the first analysis of the effects of such mechanisms. We find that the volatility extensions reduce transitory volatility and deter price manipulation at the close. Consistent with increased trust in the mechanism, the CCA attracts higher volumes after the change.
Righting the balance: Understanding introverts (and extraverts) in the workplace
Authors: Blevins Dane P. , Stackhouse Madelynn R. D. , Dionne Shelley D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSince being introduced over a century ago, trait extraversion and introversion have generated substantial research. However, this research has focused primarily on extraversion, with introversion being relatively neglected. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to take stock of extraversion and introversion research in the workplace. Doing so allows us to propose a shift in focus away from extraversion to the study of introversion and its potential positive benefits. First, we briefly review the traits’ evolution during the past century and then examine 10 commonly used trait extraversion scales to better understand how extraversion and introversion are studied. Thereafter, we review 10 years of scholarship (2009–2019) appearing in 12 leading management journals. Overall, we find that there is a positive bias towards extraversion and its positively valenced characteristics such as positive affect, outgoingness and socialness. In contrast, our review reveals that introversion is treated as ‘low extraversion’ and often imbued with negatively valenced characteristics such as social awkwardness and low social self‐esteem. Based on our multilevel review of the literature, we propose a working list of positively valenced characteristics of introversion and suggest how these introversion characteristics might be beneficial at multiple levels in organizations. In doing so, we hope that our paper will generate new ways of seeing introversion and extraversion alike, which should help right the balance in our shared understanding of how extraversion and introversion can positively shape workplace outcomes.
Description of the marine predator Sericomyxa perlucida gen. et sp. nov., a cultivated representative of the deepest branching lineage of vampyrellid amoebae (Vampyrellida, Rhizaria)
Authors: More Kiran , Simpson Alastair G. B. , Hess Sebastian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe vampyrellids (Vampyrellida, Rhizaria) are naked amoebae of considerable genetic diversity. Three families have been well‐defined (Vampyrellidae, Leptophryidae, and Placopodidae), but most vampyrellid lineages detected by environmental sequencing are poorly known or completely uncharacterized. In the brackish sediment of Lake Bras D’Or, Nova Scotia, Canada, we discovered an amoeba with a vampyrellid‐like life history that was morphologically dissimilar from previously known vampyrellid taxa. We established a culture of this amoeba, studied its feeding behavior and prey range specificity, and characterized it with molecular phylogenetic methods and light and electron microscopy. The amoeba was a generalist predator (i.e. eukaryotroph), devouring a range of marine microalgae, with a strong affinity for some benthic diatoms and Chroomonas. Interestingly, the amoeba varied its feeding strategy depending on the prey species. Small diatoms were engulfed whole, while larger species were fed on through extraction with an invading pseudopodium. The SSU rRNA gene phylogenies robustly placed the amoeba in the most basal, poorly described lineage (“clade C”) of the Vampyrellida. Based on the phylogenetic position and the distinct morphology of the studied amoeba, we here describe it as Sericomyxa perlucida gen. et sp. nov., and establish the new vampyrellid family Sericomyxidae for “clade C.”
Automated tracking of S. pombe spindle elongation dynamics
Authors: Uzsoy Ana Sofía M. , Zareiesfandabadi Parsa , Jennings Jamie , Kemper Alexander F. , Elting Mary Williard 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe mitotic spindle is a microtubule‐based machine that pulls the two identical sets of chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell during cell division. The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is an important model organism for studying mitosis due to its simple, stereotyped spindle structure and well‐established genetic toolset. S. pombe spindle length is a useful metric for mitotic progression, but manually tracking spindle ends in each frame to measure spindle length over time is laborious and can limit experimental throughput. We have developed an ImageJ plugin that can automatically track S. pombe spindle length over time and replace manual or semi‐automated tracking of spindle elongation dynamics. Using an algorithm that detects the principal axis of the spindle and then finds its ends, we reliably track the length of the spindle as the cell divides. The plugin integrates with existing ImageJ features, exports its data for further analysis outside of ImageJ and does not require any programming by the user. Thus, the plugin provides an accessible tool for quantification of S. pombe spindle length that will allow automatic analysis of large microscopy data sets and facilitate screening for effects of cell biological perturbations on mitotic progression.
Effects of nurses’ individual, professional and work environment characteristics on job performance
Authors: Sarıköse Seda , Göktepe Nilgün 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesThis study aimed to examine the effects of nurses’ individual, professional and work environment characteristics on their job performance levels.BackgroundNurses’ job performance is important in the effective and efficient provision of health care.DesignA descriptive, cross‐sectional study. The STROBE guidelines were used in this study.MethodsThe sample of this descriptive, correlational and cross‐sectional study comprised 370 nurses working at one private and two university hospitals in Turkey. A demographic information form, the Practice Work Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES‐NWI) and the Nursing Job Performance Scale (JPS) were used to collect the data. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Spearman's correlation and multiple linear (stepwise) regression.ResultsThere was a significant and positive correlation between the scores on the PES‐NWI and the JPS (r: 0.65, p < .05). Regression analysis showed that nurses’ job performance was affected by five variables (R2: 59%, p < .05, Durbin–Watson: 2.06).ConclusionThe results of the study show that three sub‐dimensions of the PES‐NWI (nursing foundations for quality of care; staffing and resource adequacy; nurse manager abilities, leadership and support for nurses), colleague solidarity and education level were important factors affecting job performance.Relevance to clinical practiceThe job performance of nurses is a priority issue in delivering quality healthcare services. Further efforts need to be pursued to nurse managers ensure a positive work environment to increase their nurses’ job performance.
Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia associated with compound heterozygous ITGB4 pathogenic variants: Minimal skin involvement but severe mucocutaneous disease
Authors: Wee Lynette Wei Yi , Tan Ene Choo , Bishnoi Priya , Ng Yi Zhen , Lunny Declan Patrick , Lim Hwee‐Woon , Lee Siew‐Peng , Ong Christina , Yap Te Lu , Mok Yee Hui , Low Mei Yi , Chu‐Tian Chow Cristelle , Derrick Lian , Common John Edmund Armourer , Birgitte Lane Ellen , Koh Mark Jean Aan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe report a case of junctional epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia (JEB‐PA) with minimal skin involvement but severe protein‐losing enteropathy and airway involvement. Genetic analysis revealed heterozygous mutations in the ITGB4 gene encoding integrin β4 protein. Parental testing confirmed inheritance of frameshift variant (c.794dupC) as maternal and splice site variant (c.1608C>T/p.Cys536Cys) as paternal. Immunofluorescence mapping of her skin revealed a subepidermal blister with decreased and frayed integrin β4 at both the floor and the roof of the blister, while the intestinal mucosa showed complete absence of integrin β4. We review the literature and discuss the differential expression of integrins in the skin and gastrointestinal tract, as well as the role of chronic inflammation in the pathogenesis of EB.
A Numerical Simulation of Fretting Wear considering the Dynamic Evolution of Debris for the Coated Contact Surface
Authors: Xiao Li , Xu Yingqiang , Chen Zhiyong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a multi-layer body model in which material properties and wear coefficient change with node coordinates is proposed, so that the wear profile is not restricted by the singularity of the interface of the coated contact pairs. The conversion rate of the adhered particles was obtained to describe the growth and expansion of the debris at the fretting interface based on experiments, and the wear model of coated contact pair considering the dynamic evolution of the debris layer was established. By comparing the previous experimental and computational results, the wear calculation method proposed in this paper is more reasonable to predict the wear profile of the coated contact pair. In addition, the influence of the debris layer on the wear depth, friction width, and contact pressure in the fretting process is analyzed, indicating that the existence of the debris layer can delay the wear process. Finally, the fretting wear life of the SCMV steel contact pair deposited with the W-DLC coating is estimated.
3D printed ascending aortic simulators with physiological fidelity for surgical simulation
Authors: Alakhtar Ali , Emmott Alexander , Hart Cornelius , Mongrain Rosaire , Leask Richard L , Lachapelle Kevin 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionThree-dimensional (3D) printed multimaterial ascending aortic simulators were created to evaluate the ability of polyjet technology to replicate the distensibility of human aortic tissue when perfused at physiological pressures.MethodsSimulators were developed by computer-aided design and 3D printed with a Connex3 Objet500 printer. Two geometries were compared (straight tube and idealised aortic aneurysm) with two different material variants (TangoPlus pure elastic and TangoPlus with VeroWhite embedded fibres). Under physiological pressure, β Stiffness Index was calculated comparing stiffness between our simulators and human ascending aortas. The simulators’ material properties were verified by tensile testing to measure the stiffness and energy loss of the printed geometries and composition.ResultsThe simulators’ geometry had no effect on measured β Stiffness Index (p>0.05); however, β Stiffness Index increased significantly in both geometries with the addition of embedded fibres (p<0.001). The simulators with rigid embedded fibres were significantly stiffer than average patient values (41.8±17.0, p<0.001); however, exhibited values that overlapped with the top quartile range of human tissue data suggesting embedding fibres can help replicate pathological human aortic tissue. Biaxial tensile testing showed that fiber-embedded models had significantly higher stiffness and energy loss as compared with models with only elastic material for both tubular and aneurysmal geometries (stiffness: p<0.001; energy loss: p<0.001). The geometry of the aortic simulator did not statistically affect the tensile tested stiffness or energy loss (stiffness: p=0.221; energy loss: p=0.713).ConclusionWe developed dynamic ultrasound-compatible aortic simulators capable of reproducing distensibility of real aortas under physiological pressures. Using 3D printed composites, we are able to tune the stiffness of our simulators which allows us to better represent the stiffness variation seen in human tissue. These models are a step towards achieving better simulator fidelity and have the potential to be effective tools for surgical training.
Online single-session interventions for Kenyan adolescents: study protocol for a comparative effectiveness randomised controlled trial
Authors: Wasil Akash R , Osborn Tom Lee , Weisz John R , DeRubeis Robert J 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundMental health problems are the leading cause of disability among adolescents worldwide, yet access to treatment is limited. Brief digital interventions have been shown to improve youth mental health, but little is known about which digital interventions are most effective.AimsTo evaluate the effectiveness of two digital single-session interventions (Shamiri-Digital and Digital-CBT (cognitive-behavioural therapy)) among Kenyan adolescents.MethodsWe will perform a school-based comparative effectiveness randomised controlled trial. Approximately 926 Kenyan adolescents will be randomly assigned to one of three conditions: Shamiri-Digital (focused on gratitude, growth mindsets and values), Digital-CBT (focused on behavioural activation, cognitive restructuring and problem solving) or a study-skills control condition (focused on note-taking and essay writing skills). The primary outcomes include depressive symptoms (measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-8), anxiety symptoms (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener-7) and subjective well-being (Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale). The secondary outcomes include acceptability, appropriateness, primary control and secondary control. Acceptability and appropriateness will be measured immediately post-intervention; other outcomes will be measured 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 12 weeks post-intervention.ResultsWe hypothesise that adolescents assigned to Shamiri-Digital and adolescents assigned to Digital-CBT will experience greater improvements (assessed via hierarchical linear models) than those assigned to the control group. We will also compare Shamiri-Digital with Digital-CBT, although we do not have a preplanned hypothesis.ConclusionsOur findings will help us evaluate two digital single-session interventions with different theoretical foundations. If effective, such interventions could be disseminated to reduce the public health burden of common mental health problems.Trial registration numberPACTR202011691886690.
Inverse Boundary Value Problem for the Magnetohydrodynamics Equations
Authors: He Lianhua , Tan Zhong 
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we consider the stationary magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations in a bounded domain of

ℝ

d

d
=
2
,
3

with viscosity and magnetic diffusing. By the linearization technique, we prove that the uniqueness of viscosity function and magnetic diffusing function in the MHD equations is determined from the knowledge of the Cauchy data measured on the boundary.
Multiomic Analysis of Lung Tumors Defines Pathways Activated in Neuroendocrine Transformation
Authors: Quintanal-Villalonga Alvaro , Taniguchi Hirokazu , Zhan Yingqian A. , Hasan Maysun M. , Chavan Shweta S. , Meng Fanli , Uddin Fathema , Manoj Parvathy , Donoghue Mark T.A. , Won Helen H. , Chan Joseph M. , Ciampricotti Metamia , Chow Andrew , Offin Michael , Chang Jason C. , Ray-Kirton Jordana , Tischfield Sam E. , Egger Jacklynn , Bhanot Umesh K. , Linkov Irina , Asher Marina , Sinha Sonali , Silber Joachim , Iacobuzio-Donahue Christine A. , Roehrl Michael H. , Hollmann Travis J. , Yu Helena A. , Qiu Juan , de Stanchina Elisa , Baine Marina K. , Rekhtman Natasha , Poirier John T. , Loomis Brian , Koche Richard P. , Rudin Charles M. , Sen Triparna 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Lineage plasticity is implicated in treatment resistance in multiple cancers. In lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) amenable to targeted therapy, transformation to small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a recognized resistance mechanism. Defining molecular mechanisms of neuroendocrine (NE) transformation in lung cancer has been limited by a paucity of pre/posttransformation clinical samples. Detailed genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, and protein characterization of combined LUAD/SCLC tumors, as well as pre/posttransformation samples, supports that NE transformation is primarily driven by transcriptional reprogramming rather than mutational events. We identify genomic contexts in which NE transformation is favored, including frequent loss of the 3p chromosome arm. We observed enhanced expression of genes involved in the PRC2 complex and PI3K/AKT and NOTCH pathways. Pharmacologic inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway delayed tumor growth and NE transformation in an EGFR-mutant patient-derived xenograft model. Our findings define a novel landscape of potential drivers and therapeutic vulnerabilities of NE transformation in lung cancer.

Significance:
The difficulty in collection of transformation samples has precluded the performance of molecular analyses, and thus little is known about the lineage plasticity mechanisms leading to LUAD-to-SCLC transformation. Here, we describe biological pathways dysregulated upon transformation and identify potential predictors and potential therapeutic vulnerabilities of NE transformation in the lung.
See related commentary by Meador and Lovly, p. 2962.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2945