bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A deep web data extraction model for web mining: a review
Authors: Ahmad Sabri Ily Amalina , Man Mustafa 
Published: July 2021

The World Wide Web has become a large pool of information. Extracting structured data from a published web pages has drawn attention in the last decade. The process of web data extraction (WDE) has many challenges, dueto variety of web data and the unstructured data from hypertext mark up language (HTML) files. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of current web data extraction techniques, in termsof extracted quality data. This paper focuses on study for data extraction using wrapper approaches and compares each other to identify the best approach to extract data from online sites. To observe the efficiency of the proposed model, we compare the performance of data extraction by single web page extraction with different models such as document object model (DOM), wrapper using hybrid dom and json (WHDJ), wrapper extraction of image using DOM and JSON (WEIDJ) and WEIDJ (no-rules). Finally, the experimentations proved that WEIDJ can extract data fastest and low time consuming compared to other proposed method.<br /><div> </div>
Domestic Provision of Global Public Goods: How Other Countries’ Behavior Affects Public Support for Climate Policy
Authors: Beiser-McGrath Liam F. , Bernauer Thomas 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
When considering public support for domestic policies that contribute to a global public good, such as climate change mitigation, the behavior of other countries is commonly regarded as pivotal. Using survey experiments in China and the United States we find that other countries’ behavior matters for public opinion, but in a contingent manner. When citizens learn that other countries decrease their emissions, this leads to support for further domestic action. Yet, support for reciprocal behavior is not a necessary consequence of other countries increasing their emissions. Responding in-kind to emissions increases abroad depends upon the home country’s past behavior and who the other country is. Our results imply that the international context remains important, despite global climate policy now relying more on coordinated unilateral action and polycentric governance. They also show, however, that we need to pay greater attention to contingent effects of countries’ positive and negative behavior in this area.
Scythian Burial-Mound 7 in the “Vodovod” Group in the Lower Reaches of the Dniester River
Authors: Sinika Vitalii S. , Telnov Nikolai P. , Lysenko Sergei D. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Materials obtained during investigation of Scythian burial-mound 7 in the “Vodovod” group in 2017 near the village of Glinoye in the Slobozia District on the east bank of the Lower Dniester are published here for the first time. The burial-mound contained five burials – four in pits and one in a catacomb. The burials in pits had been deposited at the turn of the 4th century BC and the catacomb burial dated from the first third of the 3rd century BC. The graves belonged to ordinary members of the community but contained a fairly distinctive range of grave goods. It was made up of weapons (arrowheads and an axe) and horse harness (a bit and a cheek-piece), vessels (a wooden dish, hand-moulded pot and a hand-moulded bowl), tools (knives, awls, a needle, spindle whorls and an abrasive tool) and jewellery (rings, a metal bracelet, beads, pendants made of shell, oolitic limestone and canine teeth of dogs). In addition tassel-holders, a bronze mirror and a flint strike-a-light were found. A bronze ring from burial 7/2 reflects La Tène influence and the hand-moulded cup from burial 7/4 reflects Thracian influence on the material culture of the Scythians in the North-West Pontic region. In general the funerary rite and range of grave goods demonstrate the transformation of Scythian culture during the second half of the 4th and first half of the 3rd century BC.
Gender, Family, Race, and the Colonial State in Early Nineteenth-Century Jamaica
Authors: Graham Aaron 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Recent work has emphasized the role of colonial state structures in the construction and enforcement of race and gender in the British Empire from the seventeenth century onward, particularly among people of color. But work on the parallel phenomenon of “Whiteness” has focused on White men rather than White women and children, on elites rather than those below them, and on North America rather than the Caribbean. This article, using the records of a “Clergy Fund” established in Jamaica in 1797 as an insurance scheme for the (White) widows and orphans of clergymen, therefore addresses a gap in this literature by providing a case study of how a colonial state in the Caribbean tried—and failed—to construct and enforce race and gender among White women and children from outside the elite, during a period when White society in the region seemed under threat.
A continuous decline of global seasonal wind speed range over land since 1980
Authors: Zhou Lihong , Zeng Zhenzhong , Azorin-Molina Cesar , Liu Yi , Wu Jie , Wang Dashan , Li Dan , Ziegler Alan D. , Dong Li 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo investigate changes in global wind speed phenomena, we constructed homogenized monthly time series (1980-2018) for 4,722 meteorological stations. Through examining monthly-averaged wind speeds (MWS), we found that seasonal wind speed range (SWSR; calculated as the difference between maximum and minimum MWS) has declined significantly by 10% since 1980 (p < 0.001). This global SWSR reduction was primarily influenced by decreases in Europe (-19%), South America (-16%), Australia (-14%), and Asia (-13%), with corresponding rate reductions of -0.13, -0.08, -0.09 and -0.06 m s-1 decade-1, respectively (p < 0.01). In contrast, the SWSR in North America rose 3%. Important is that the decrease in SWSR occurred regardless of the stilling or reversal of annual wind speed. The shrinking SWSR in Australia and South America was characterized by continuous decreases in maximum MWS and increases in the minimum. For Europe and Asia, maximum and minimum MWS declined initially after 1980, followed by substantial increases in minimum MWS (about 2000 and 2012, respectively) that preserved the long-term reduction in the range. Most reanalysis products (ERA5, ERA-Interim, and MERRA-2) and climate model simulations (AMIP6 and CMIP6) fail to reproduce the observed trends. However, some ocean-atmosphere indices (seasonality characteristics) were correlated significantly with these trends, including West Hemisphere warm pool, East Atlantic Patten, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, and others. These findings are important for increasing the understanding of mechanisms behind wind speed variations that influence a multitude of other biogeophysical processes and the development of efficient wind energy generations, now and in the future.
Dietary patterns and internalizing symptoms in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis
Authors: Orlando Laura , Savel Katarina A , Madigan Sheri , Colasanto Marlena , Korczak Daphne J 
Published: July 2021

Context: Studies of child and adolescent internalizing symptoms and dietary pattern have produced mixed results. Objectives: To quantify the association between dietary patterns and internalizing symptoms, including depression, in children and adolescents. Data sources: Embase, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Web of Science and Cochrane up to March 2021. Study selection: Observational studies and randomized controlled trials with mean age ⩽ 18 years, reporting associations between diet patterns and internalizing symptoms. Data extraction: Mean effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals were determined under a random-effects model. Results: Twenty-six studies were cross-sectional, 12 were prospective, and 1 used a case-control design. The total number of participants enrolled ranged from 73,726 to 116,546. Healthy dietary patterns were negatively associated with internalizing ( r = –0.07, p < 0.001, 95% confidence interval [–0.12, 0.06]) and depressive symptoms ( r = –0.10, p < 0.001, 95% confidence interval [–0.18, –0.08]). Effect sizes were larger for studies of healthy dietary patterns and internalizing and depressive symptoms using self-report versus parent-report measures, as well as in cross-sectional studies of healthy dietary patterns and depression compared to prospective studies. Unhealthy dietary patterns were positively associated with internalizing ( r = 0.09, p < 0.001, 95% confidence interval [0.06, 0.14]) and depressive symptoms ( r = 0.10, p < 0.01, 95% CI [0.05, 0.17]). Larger effect sizes were observed for studies of unhealthy dietary patterns and internalizing and depressive symptoms using self-report versus parent-report measures. Limitations: A lack of studies including clinical samples and/or physician diagnosis, and a paucity of studies in which anxiety symptoms were the primary mental health outcome. Conclusion: Greater depression and internalizing symptoms are associated with greater unhealthy dietary patterns and with lower healthy dietary intake among children and adolescents.
Diagnosis of Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Population
Authors: Mahomva Chengetai , Liu Yi‐Chun Carol , Raol Nikhila , Anne Samantha 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo determine the incidence of auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) and its risk factors among the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) population from 2009 to 2018 in the Pediatric Health Information System database.Study DesignRetrospective national database review.SettingPopulation‐based study.MethodsThe Pediatric Health Information System database was queried to identify patients ≤18 years old with NICU admission and ANSD diagnosis. Patient demographics, jaundice diagnosis, use of mechanical ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, furosemide, and/or aminoglycosides were extracted. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess trends in incidence. Chi‐square analysis was used to assess differences between patients with and without ANSD. Logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with ANSD.ResultsFrom 2009 to 2018, there was an increase in (1) NICU admissions from 14,079 to 24,851 (P <. 001), (2) total ANSD diagnoses from 92 to 1847 (P =. 001), and (3) annual total number of patients with ANSD and NICU admission increased from 4 to 16 (P =. 005). There was strong correlation between the increases in total number of NICU admissions and total ANSD diagnoses over time (R = 0.76). The average ANSD incidence was 0.052% with no statistically significant change over 10 years. When compared with all NICU admissions, children with ANSD had a higher association with use of furosemide (P <. 001) and ventilator (P <. 001).ConclusionDespite a statistically significant increase in NICU admissions and total ANSD diagnosis, the incidence of ANSD in the NICU population has not increased from 2009 to 2018. Furosemide and mechanical ventilator use were associated with increased likelihood of ANSD.
Videostroboscopy and Voice Profile in Long‐Term Combination Inhaler Users With Obstructive Lower Airway Disease
Authors: Krishnan Neethu V. , Pujary Kailesh , Bhandarkar Ajay M. , Devadas Usha , Magazine Rahul 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveDysphonia is one of the most common side effects of long‐term inhaler therapy containing corticosteroids in asthma or asthma–chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap (ACO) patients. This common, often reversible side effect is due to the structural changes in the vocal folds resulting from steroid deposition. This study determines the structural changes and voice profile of patients on long‐term inhaler therapy by videostroboscopy and perceptual voice profile analysis. It also determines the duration, formulation, and drug delivery system producing the least side effects during therapy.Study DesignProspective case‐control study.SettingTertiary care hospital.MethodsIn total, 196 patients diagnosed with moderate to severe asthma or ACO were divided into cases (patients on at least 6‐month combination inhaler therapy) and controls (newly diagnosed patients not on inhaler therapy) and recruited in the study. They were assessed by videostroboscopy for structural changes and GRBAS (grade of hoarseness, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, and strain) perceptual scale for voice profile changes.ResultsThe prevalence of dysphonia was significantly higher in cases (62.2%) than controls (27.6%). Prevalence of laryngeal structural changes and voice profile changes were higher in cases. The prevalence of dysphonia and structural changes among cases was much lower when a spacer was used (P <. 001).ConclusionThis study adds evidence to the long‐term side effects of combination inhaler therapy containing corticosteroids on the larynx as demonstrated by videostroboscopy and perceptual voice profile analysis. It also propagates the use of spacers in drug delivery to reduce the prevalence of side effects during long‐term inhaler therapy.
Barriers to Receiving Necessary Hearing Care Among US Children
Authors: Su‐Velez Brooke M. , Khoury Habib , Azar Shaghauyegh S. , Shapiro Nina L. , Bhattacharyya Neil 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveWe aim to clarify the national scope of unmet pediatric hearing care needs and identify specific barriers to hearing care.Study DesignCross‐sectional study of a nationally representative data set.SettingThis study is based on the combined 2016 and 2017 National Survey of Children’s Health. This survey covers the physical and emotional health, access to care, and social context of US children and adolescents aged 0 to 17 years.MethodsAnalysis of parent‐reported responses of children’s hearing status, access to care, and perceived barriers.ResultsOverall, 0.3% (n = 206,200) of US children surveyed reported needing hearing care, which was not received. A further 1.3% (n = 934,000) reported deafness or problems with hearing, and of these, 6.4% (n = 60,000) reported not receiving necessary hearing care. Rates of insurance coverage between children with deafness/hearing problems and the general population were similar (91.7% vs 93.9%); however, deaf or hard‐of‐hearing children with unmet hearing care needs were more likely to be from non‐White backgrounds (P =. 009) and to lack health insurance coverage (P =. 001). Rates of unfulfilled hearing care by reason were as follows: 57.5% without eligibility for the service, 45.4% reporting the service was not available in their area, 53.7% with difficulty obtaining an appointment, and 53.5% reporting issues with cost.ConclusionOver 200,000 children annually do not receive necessary hearing‐related care despite high rates of insurance coverage, and nearly 60,000 of these children are deaf or hard of hearing. Cost, eligibility for and distribution of services, and timely appointments are the primary barriers to hearing health care.
Association study of BDNF Val66Met gene polymorphism with bipolar disorder and lithium treatment response in Indian population
Authors: Paul Pradip , Nadella Ravi Kumar , Sen Somdatta , Ithal Dhruva , Mahadevan Jayant , Reddy Y C Janardhan , Jain Sanjeev , Purushottam Meera , Viswanath Biju 
Published: July 2021

Background: The association of the Val66Met (rs6265) polymorphism in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF) gene with bipolar disorder (BD) and response to lithium treatment has been suggested, though inconsistently. The considerable diversity of allele frequency across different populations contributes to this. There is no data from South Asia till date. Hence, we examined the association of this polymorphism in BD cases from India, and its association with lithium treatment response. Methods: BD patients ( N = 301) were recruited from the clinical services of National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), India. Lithium treatment response for 190 BD subjects was assessed using Alda scale by NIMH life charts. Patients with total score ⩾7 were defined as lithium responders ( N = 115) and patients with score <7 were defined as lithium non-responders ( N = 75). Healthy controls ( N = 484) with no lifetime history of neuropsychiatric illness or a family history of mental illness were recruited as control set. Genotyping was performed by TaqMan genotyping assay. Results: Genotype and allele frequency of BDNF Val66Met SNP was significantly different (χ2 = 7.78, p = 0.02) in cases compared to controls, and the Val(G) allele was more frequent (χ2 = 7.08, p = 0.008) in BD patients. However, no significant difference is noted in genotype or allele frequencies of this polymorphism between the lithium responders and non-responders. Conclusions: The Val(G) allele of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism is associated with risk of BD in this sample, but it is not related to response to lithium.
Radiomics and machine learning to predict aggressive type 2 endoleaks after endovascular aneurysm repair: a proof of concept
Authors: Charalambous Stavros , Klontzas Michail E. , Kontopodis Nikolaos , Ioannou Christos V , Perisinakis Kostas , Maris Thomas G , Damilakis John , Karantanas Apostolos , Tsetis Dimitrios 
Published: July 2021

Background Persistent type 2 endoleaks (T2EL) require lifelong surveillance to avoid potentially life-threatening complications. Purpose To evaluate the performance of radiomic features (RF) derived from computed tomography angiography (CTA), for differentiating aggressive from benign T2ELs after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Material and Methods A prospective study was performed on patients who underwent EVAR from January 2018 to January 2020. Analysis was performed in patients who were diagnosed with T2EL based on the CTA of the first postoperative month and were followed at six months and one year. Patients were divided into two groups according to the change of aneurysm sac dimensions. Segmentation of T2ELs was performed and RF were extracted. Feature selection for subsequent machine-learning analysis was evaluated by means of artificial intelligence. Two support vector machines (SVM) classifiers were developed to predict the aneurysm sac dimension changes at one year, utilizing RF from T2EL at one- and six-month CTA scans, respectively. Results Among the 944 initial RF of T2EL, 58 and 51 robust RF from the one- and six-month CTA scans, respectively, were used for the machine-learning model development. The SVM classifier trained on one-month signatures was able to predict sac expansion at one year with an area under curve (AUC) of 89.3%, presenting 78.6% specificity and 100% sensitivity. Similarly, the SVM classifier developed with six-month radiomics data showed an AUC of 95.5%, specificity of 90.9%, and sensitivity of 100%. Conclusion Machine-learning algorithms utilizing CTA-derived RF may predict aggressive T2ELs leading to aneurysm sac expansion after EVAR.
Evaluation of bone grafting for treatment of low-grade chondrosarcoma of long bones
Authors: Zhang Guofeng , Cheon Sangho , Park Ilhyung 
Published: July 2021

Objective To retrospectively analyze the biological compatibility and oncologic outcomes of autogenous, allogeneic, or combined bone grafting. Methods From April 2000 to December 2016, 37 patients with histologically confirmed low-grade intramedullary chondrosarcoma of the long bones at Kyungpook National University Hospital were enrolled in this retrospective study. All 37 patients underwent intralesional curettage (with or without cryotherapy) followed by bone grafting. Among the 24 patients who underwent cryotherapy, 13 were treated by prophylactic internal fixation (10 in the femur, 1 in the tibia, and 2 in the humerus). Thirteen patients underwent the same treatment without cryotherapy, whereas 12 did not undergo preventive internal fixation. Results A single intraoperative fracture was managed by plate fixation. One patient who underwent cryotherapy and internal fixation developed a fracture distal to the operation site 25 days after surgery, and this fracture was repaired with a long plate. None of the 37 patients showed any recurrence or metastasis. Conclusions Adequate intralesional curettage (with or without cryosurgery) combined with bone grafting using autogenous and allogeneic bone chips was effective for the treatment of low-grade intramedullary chondrosarcoma. Therefore, prophylactic internal fixation using a plate is recommended in the cryotherapy of definite cortical invasion in weight-bearing bones.
Incidence and Risk Factors of Acute Patellar Tendon Rupture, Repair Failure, and Return to Activity in the Active-Duty Military Population
Authors: Fredericks Donald R. , Slaven Sean E. , McCarthy Conor F. , Dingle Marvin E. , Brooks Daniel I. , Steelman Theodore J. , Donohue Michael A. , Griffin Daniel W. , Giuliani Jeffrey R. , Dickens Jonathan F. 
Published: July 2021

Background: Patellar tendon ruptures have a reported incidence of 0.68 per 100,000 person-years in the general population. The epidemiology of surgically treated patellar tendon ruptures in the US military has yet to be reported, which would provide opportunity for identification of risk factors for these otherwise healthy and active patients. Purpose: To determine the incidence of patellar tendon rupture in the Military Health System (MHS) population and to analyze demographic patterns, surgical fixation methods, and rerupture rates. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We utilized the MHS Data Repository (MDR) to identity active-duty military servicemembers surgically treated for patellar tendon rupture between 2010 and 2015. Records were reviewed for demographic information, injury characteristics, fixation technique, and occurrence of rerupture. Risk factors for rupture were calculated using Poisson regression based on population counts and demographic data obtained in the MDR. Risk factors for rerupture and return to duty were analyzed via univariate analysis and multivariate regression. Results: A total of 504 operatively treated primary patellar tendon repairs in 483 patients were identified, with an overall incidence of 6 per 100,000 person-years. Mean age was 33.6 years (range, 17-54 years) and 98% of patients were male. Fixation method was 81% bone tunnels and 7% suture anchors, and 12% were unknown. Black race had a higher relative rate ratio for rupture compared with the race categories White (9.21; P < .0001) and Other (3.27; P < .0001). The rupture rate was higher in 35- to 44-year-old patients compared with those aged 18 to 24 years ( P < .0001), 25 to 34 years ( P < .0001), and 45 to 64 years ( P = .004). Return to full previous level of activity occurred in 75.8% of patients, 14.6% returned to activity with limitations, and 9.5% were medically separated. The rerupture rate was 3%. Fixation method, tobacco usage, body mass index, and race were not significant risk factors for rerupture. Conclusion: The incidence of patellar tendon rupture in the US military population is substantially higher than has been reported in the civilian population. Among military personnel, men, Black servicemembers, and those aged 35 to 44 years were at highest risk for patellar tendon rupture. Three-quarters of patients were able to return to full activity without limitations. The rerupture rate was low and unaffected by fixation method.