bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the Governance of Europe's Transnational Party System Contributing to EU Democracy?*
Authors: Norman Ludvig , Wolfs Wouter 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDoes Europe's transnational party system contribute to EU democracy? Existing debates on this issue have conventionally revolved around conflicting assumptions on the feasibility of supranational democracy in general, rather than examining the party system's structure as it is set up and regulated. In this paper we evaluate to what extent the transnational party system contributes to the democratic qualities of the EU by studying the regulatory framework for European political parties. We establish an analytical framework based on studies of party system governance, and focus on two specific characteristics: the contestability of the Europarty system and the extent to which it promotes citizen participation in European political parties. Our analysis demonstrates that the governance structure impedes rather than bolsters the democratic potential of Europarties, since the rules work to prevent new parties from entering the party system, and fail to provide incentives for a more active political participation of European citizens.
Local Kikuchi band detection in electron backscatter diffraction patterns for enhanced pattern indexing
Authors: Shen Yitian , Zhang Yongsheng , Li Wei , Miao Hong , Wang Yongzhe , Zeng Yi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPartially missing bands in the preset region for Hough transform might strongly affect the accuracy of indexing Kikuchi patterns and reduce the quality of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) maps. This paper proposes a novel local band detection method for such kind of low‐quality patterns. The approach involves rotating bands to vertical direction, detecting the local line segments through calculating the largest horizontal average grey gradient with a constant interval of 400 pixels in vertical direction, and applying Hough transform as well as weighted averaging to these line clusters to unify the edges of Kikuchi band. Therefore, even if only part of a Kikuchi band is visible, the entire band can also be accurately extracted. The average interplanar angle error obtained by the proposed method is approximately 29.0% less than those obtained by Hough transform‐based technique. Moreover, the comparison of mean angular deviation (MAD) is also discussed. The average MAD of this method is about 38.5% lower than that of Hough transform‐based technique. Consequently, the local Kikuchi band detection method is expected to be used for post‐processing and re‐indexing the EBSD low‐quality patterns.
Determination of craniofacial and dental characteristics of individuals with Williams‐Beuren syndrome by using 3D facial scans and radiographs
Authors: Danneels Florence , Verdonck Anna , Indencleef Karlijne , Declerck Dominique , Willems Guy , Cadenas De Llano‐Pérula Maria 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundWilliams‐Beuren syndrome (WBS) is caused by a microdeletion on chromosome 7q11‐23 and clusters a variety of systemic affectations.AimTo investigate whether 3D facial scans can detect WBS by objectively addressing their craniofacial, skeletal and dental characteristics, compared with those of a non‐affected control group.Materials and Methods3D facial surface scans of 17 WBS individuals and 33 normal developing patients were analysed. Additionally, cephalometric and panoramic radiographs of subjects with WBS were compared with those of non‐affected individuals.ResultsThe 3D surface scans showed significant facial differences around the nose and mouth area. The cephalometric aspects of individuals with WBS differed mainly at the lower incisor region. Additionally, hypoplastic tooth morphology seems to be more often present in WBS.Conclusion3D images are a non‐invasive, efficient method to observe facial anomalies and facilitate an early diagnosis of WBS. Additionally, the analysis of the cephalometric and panoramic images revealed significant differences in dental characteristics. Together with early diagnosis through 3D images, these can help in the establishment of adequate medical, dental and orthodontic treatment planning.
Representative bureaucracy and the policy environment: Gender representation in Forty‐Four countries
Authors: An Seung‐Ho , Song Miyeon , Meier Kenneth J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe representative bureaucracy literature focuses on how passive representation translates into substantive benefits for the represented individuals. Although scholars have found substantial empirical support for representation based on gender, most studies have examined the United States, a country with high levels of democracy and gender equality compared to much of the rest of the world. This article first investigates whether the effects of gender representation differ across countries using cross‐national education data. Evidence from 44 countries shows that representative bureaucracy findings are relatively rare across the world. Second, this article contributes to contextual theories of representative bureaucracy by examining how the policy and political environments influence the link between passive representation and policy outcomes. The findings suggest that bureaucratic representation is more effective in countries where gender equality is high and political support for women is greater. These findings indicate that representative bureaucracy is enhanced by favorable policy and political environments.
Strong and tunable anti‐CRISPR/Cas activities in plants
Authors: Calvache Camilo , Vazquez‐Vilar Marta , Selma Sara , Uranga Mireia , Fernández‐del‐Carmen Asun , Daròs José‐Antonio , Orzáez Diego 
Published: October 2021

SummaryCRISPR/Cas has revolutionized genome engineering in plants. However, the use of anti‐CRISPR proteins as tools to prevent CRISPR/Cas‐mediated gene editing and gene activation in plants has not been explored yet. This study describes the characterization of two anti‐CRISPR proteins, AcrIIA4 and AcrVA1, in Nicotiana benthamiana. Our results demonstrate that AcrIIA4 prevents site‐directed mutagenesis in leaves when transiently co‐expressed with CRISPR/Cas9. In a similar way, AcrVA1 is able to prevent CRISPR/Cas12a‐mediated gene editing. Moreover, using a N. benthamiana line constitutively expressing Cas9, we show that the viral delivery of AcrIIA4 using Tobacco etch virus is able to completely abolish the high editing levels obtained when the guide RNA is delivered with a virus, in this case Potato virus X. We also show that AcrIIA4 and AcrVA1 repress CRISPR/dCas‐based transcriptional activation of reporter genes. In the case of AcrIIA4, this repression occurs in a highly efficient, dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, the fusion of an auxin degron to AcrIIA4 results in auxin‐regulated activation of a downstream reporter gene. The strong anti‐Cas activity of AcrIIA4 and AcrVA1 reported here opens new possibilities for customized control of gene editing and gene expression in plants.
A Pyrazolo Imine‐based Colorimetric and Turn‐on Fluorescent Sensor Probe for Determination of Hg2+ Ion and its Application in Test Paper Strips
Authors: Krishnan Uma , Iyer Sathiyanarayanan Kulathu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this work, we synthesized diethylamino substituted pyrazolo imine (3) fluorescent probe for recognition of Hg2+ion.The sensor probe 3 can detect Hg2+ by colorimetric method, and there is a 10‐fold enhancement in fluorescence response. When the fluorescent probe bound with Hg2+ ion, turn‐on fluorescence was observed via the coordination. Probe 3 has an excellent selectivity toward Hg2+ in the CH3CN/H2O (8:2, v/v) solution with low limit of detection and high binding association constant of 551 parts per billion (ppb) and 6.6067 × 106 m−1 for 3+Hg2+, respectively. Furthermore, the formation of 3+Hg2+ complex with 1:1 binding mode was evidenced by Job's plot, 1H NMR spectroscopy and Mass analysis. In addition, probe 3 is a feasible option to detect Hg2+ in various sources of water samples. Bio‐imaging experiments have demonstrated that probe 3 can be used to monitor Hg2+ in Escherichia coli bacterial cell. The sensor 3 was also used for paper strip application to detect Hg2+ ion.
Genome‐wide identification of seed storage protein gene regulators in wheat through coexpression analysis
Authors: Luo Guangbin , Shen Lisha , Zhao Shancen , Li Ruidong , Song Yanhong , Song Shuyi , Yu Kang , Yang Wenlong , Li Xin , Sun Jiazhu , Wang Yanpeng , Gao Caixia , Liu Dongcheng , Zhang Aimin 
Published: October 2021

SummaryOnly a few transcriptional regulators of seed storage protein (SSP) genes have been identified in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Coexpression analysis could be an efficient approach to characterize novel transcriptional regulators at the genome‐scale considering the correlated expression between transcriptional regulators and target genes. As the A genome donor of common wheat, Triticum urartu is more suitable for coexpression analysis than common wheat considering the diploid genome and single gene copy. In this work, the transcriptome dynamics in endosperm of T. urartu throughout grain filling were revealed by RNA‐Seq analysis. In the coexpression analysis, a total of 71 transcription factors (TFs) from 23 families were found to be coexpressed with SSP genes. Among these TFs, TuNAC77 enhanced the transcription of SSP genes by binding to cis‐elements distributed in promoters. The homolog of TuNAC77 in common wheat, TaNAC77, shared an identical function, and the total SSPs were reduced by about 24% in common wheat when TaNAC77 was knocked down. This is the first genome‐wide identification of transcriptional regulators of SSP genes in wheat, and the newly characterized transcriptional regulators will undoubtedly expand our knowledge of the transcriptional regulation of SSP synthesis.
Risk factors for intracranial hemorrhage in adults with acute leukemia
Authors: Maze Dawn , Al‐Abri Mahmood , Farooq Khadija , Atenafu Eshetu G. , Nixon Shannon , Lieberman Lani 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundIntracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a rare, but serious complication in patients with acute leukemia. Little is known about why some patients experience serious bleeding, including ICH, while others do not.Materials and MethodsAdults between 18 and 80 years old with acute leukemia and ICH between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2016 were included. Matched controls were identified using the propensity score matching method. Clinical and laboratory characteristics and outcome data were collected to identify variables associated with ICH.ResultsOf 2578 patients diagnosed with acute leukemia during the study period, 55 cases and 161 matched controls were included. Patients who experienced ICH were older (62 vs. 55 years, p = .004) and more likely to have diabetes mellitus (p = .04). Patients with ICH had a higher baseline white blood cell count (mean 84.5 ± 115.8 vs. 28.7 ± 58.5 × 109/L, p = .001), peripheral blast count (61.3 ± 96.5 vs. 21.2 ± 50.8 × 109/L, p = .004), and a longer PT (16.5 ± 2.06 vs. 15.3 ± 3.2 s, p = .002). Neither the platelet count at diagnosis, the platelet nadir, the number of days with a platelet count of less than 10 × 109/L, or a diagnosis of platelet refractoriness were associated with ICH.ConclusionsOlder age and more proliferative disease appear to be associated with ICH, whereas thrombocytopenia alone does not. In patients with newly diagnosed acute leukemia, aggressive cytoreduction in those with leukocytosis may help mitigate the risk of ICH.
Relación entre patrimonio, política y territorio en el caso de Calcha (Potosí, Bolivia)
Authors: Müller Seborga Juliane Angie 
Published: October 2021

Calcha es un término polisémico que puede referirse tanto al pueblo de Nuestra Señora de Calcha, como al Distrito Municipal Indígena del mismo nombre o al grupo étnico. El Distrito Municipal Indígena de Calcha, en el cual se encuentran tanto el pueblo como el grupo étnico, está ubicado en el Municipio de Vitichi, provincia Nor Chichas del departamento de Potosí. El gobierno municipal, en conjunto con las autoridades originarias, promulgó en 2017 la Ley Municipal N° 020 de declaratoria patrimonial, material e inmaterial, de la cultura calcheña, donde la vestimenta, los instrumentos, la música y las fiestas se reconocen como patrimonio cultural material e inmaterial.
El análisis de este proceso de activación patrimonial, entre los años 2017 y 2018, nos permitió visibilizar tres dimensiones correlacionadas que existen con respecto al patrimonio en general: economía, identidad y política. Inherente a toda activación patrimonial se encuentra la dimensión política, que comienza cuando las expresiones culturales son extraídas de su contexto; una acción realizada por parte de distintos grupos involucrados de tal forma que la expresión cultural cobra significados y usos diferentes.
Dentro de la dimensión política del patrimonio se encuentra la reconfiguración territorial de Calcha en el imaginario colectivo de sus habitantes y autoridades. A partir del año 2002 aparece el Jatun Ayllu o gran ayllu de Calcha que engloba a cinco distritos del Municipio de Vitichi. Teóricamente este gran ayllu pertenece a la Nación Chichas, una nación precolombina que se presume ocupaba parte del territorio de las actuales provincias de Sud Chichas y Nor Chichas. La Nación Chichas reaparece en el escenario nacional como un discurso de continuidad y reivindicación de los pueblos precolombinos. Forma parte importante de las leyes de declaratoria patrimonial de la cultura calcheña, que descansa sobre el pasado idealizado de una nación y un gran ayllu (re)construidos recientemente a partir de una herencia cultural que ellos consideran “ancestral”.
Dentro de esta dimensión política creemos que la declaratoria patrimonial tiene la función de: 1) brindar visibilidad y representatividad al grupo étnico a nivel regional y nacional. 2) legitimar a nivel regional y nacional la existencia de los territorios del Jatun Ayllu de Calcha y la Nación Chichas. Todo esto nos permite reflexionar acerca de las motivaciones que existen detrás de una activación patrimonial y sus posibles consecuencias, así como el de analizar la relación que existe entre las expresiones culturales declaradas y el pasado histórico, y la influencia mutua del patrimonio con la construcción territorial.
Palabras clave: Patrimonio cultural, territorio, política, Bolivia, Antropología
La figuración poética de la ruina en la última poesía de José Emilio Pacheco
Authors: Pascual Battista Rosario Pascual Battista 
Published: October 2021

El presente artículo estudia en Como la lluvia [2001-2008] y La edad de las tinieblas [2009] la imagen poética de la ruina como un modo de responder al paso inevitable del tiempo. La enunciación en ambos libros se sostiene en un yo poético que, mientras identifica un mundo cada vez más inmerso en la destrucción, percibe la proximidad de la propia muerte. La ruina, entonces, está atravesada por el tópico del tiempo como marca de destrucción y señal de muerte; pero, como lo analizamos en este artículo, el tiempo también posibilita, mediante el valor del instante, contrarrestar ese mundo en ruinas y rescatar el valor de la poesía.
Tres autores caribeños: la esclavitud y la esfera pública decimonónica en las obras de Mary Prince, Mary Seacole y Martín Morúa Delgado
Authors: Maxwell Elsa 
Published: October 2021

Este trabajo examina los escritos de tres autores caribeños decimonónicos que abordaron la esclavitud y la raza en sus obras: la narrativa de Mary Prince, una mujer esclavizada; el relato de viaje de la jamaiquina Mary Seacole, y la obra inicial del cubano Martín Morúa Delgado. Se analiza su relación con la esfera pública en un período en el cual las personas de color en el Caribe fueron mayoritariamente excluidas de los debates letrados que giraban en torno a la esclavitud. La investigación se enmarca en las teorías de la esfera pública y de los contrapúblicos, y dialoga con la periodización de la esfera pública caribeña propuesta por Raphael Dalleo.
Experimental Analysis and Modeling of a Novel Thermosyphon System for Electronics Cooling
Authors: Cataldo Filippo , Crea Yuri Carmelo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In an era of ever-growing digitalization, the absorbed power of processing units is becoming an actual challenge for cooling systems. The effectiveness is imperative, but compactness and passiveness are driving factors in the design as well. The goal of this paper is twofold: (1) to present a detailed experimental campaign on a thermosyphon system for high-heat-load electronics and (2) to propose a model of the thermosyphon system using a Machine Learning approach. The thermosyphon system is composed of a microchannel evaporator plate directly attached to the heat-generating device and an air-cooled multiport condenser. The height between the evaporator and condenser inlets is 12 cm. The condenser is also proposed in two solutions: the first one has a footprint heat exchange area of 180 × 120 mm2, which allows a single fan's placement; the second one has a footprint area of 240 × 120 mm2, allowing the placement of two fans. The working fluid used in the system is R1234ze(E) with different charges. The experimental results show that the single-fan condenser reached a maximum heat rejection of 330 W, corresponding to a heat flux of 21.9 W/cm2. The double-fan condenser bore a maximum heat rejection of 570 W (37.7 W/cm2). The model, constructed purely via a machine learning tool, shows a satisfactory agreement between experimental and predicted data.
The Wake Dynamics Behind a Near-Wall Square Cylinder
Authors: Addai Samuel , Fang Xingjun , Mante Afua A. , Tachie Mark F. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Particle image velocimetry is used to experimentally study the wake dynamics behind a near-wall square cylinder subjected to a thick oncoming turbulent boundary layer. The turbulent boundary layer thickness was 3.6 times the cylinder height (h) while the Reynolds number based on the freestream velocity and the cylinder height was 12,750. The gap distance (G) between the bottom face of the cylinder and the wall was varied, resulting in gap ratios (G/h) of 0, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0. The effects of varying the gap ratio on the mean flow, Reynolds stresses, triple velocity correlation, two-point autocorrelation, and the unsteady wake characteristics were examined. The results indicate that as gap ratio decreases, asymmetry in the wake flow becomes more pronounced, and the size of the mean separation bubbles increases. The magnitudes of the Reynolds stresses and triple velocity correlations generally decrease with the decreasing gap ratio. Moreover, the size of the large-scale structures increases with decreasing gap ratio, and the critical gap ratio, below which Kármán vortex shedding is suppressed, is found to be 0.3. The dominant Strouhal number in the wake flow expressed in terms of the streamwise mean velocity at the cylinder vertical midpoint increases as gap ratio decreases while that based on the freestream velocity is less sensitive to gap ratio for the offset cases (G/h &gt; 0).
Process Monitoring in Ultrasonic Metal Welding of Lithium Batteries by Power Signals
Authors: Shi Xinhua , Li Lin , Yu Suiran , Yun Lingxiang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Ultrasonic metal welding is one of the key technologies in manufacturing lithium batteries, and the welding quality directly determines the battery performance. Therefore, an online welding process monitoring system is critical in identifying abnormal welding processes, detecting defects, and improving battery quality. Traditionally, the peak welding power is used to indicate abnormal process signals in welding process monitoring systems. However, since various factors have complex impacts on the electric power signals of ultrasonic welding processes, the peak power is inadequate to detect different types of welding defects. Therefore, a signal pattern matching method is proposed in this study, which is based on the electric power signal during the entire welding process and thus is capable of identifying abnormal welding processes in various conditions. The proposed method adopts isometric transformation and homogenization as signal pretreatment methods, and Euclidean distance is used to calculate the similarity metric for signal matching. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method are experimentally validated under different abnormal welding conditions.
B-Spline-Based Corner Smoothing Method to Decrease the Maximum Curvature of the Transition Curve
Authors: Huang Nuodi , Hua Li , Huang Xi , Zhang Yang , Zhu Limin , Biermann Dirk 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Toolpath represented by linear segments leads to tangency discontinuity between blocks, which results in fluctuation of feedrate and reduction of machining efficiency and quality. To eliminate these unwanted external factors, optimal corner smoothing operation is essential for computerized numerical control systems to achieve a smooth toolpath. This work proposes a corner smoothing approach by generating a B-spline transition curve with seven control points. By adjusting the position of the control points, the resulting transition curve is not limited to smooth the corner in the convex side of the corner, but shuttles back and forth between the convex and concave sides to decrease the maximum curvature, while respecting the given error tolerance. The approximation errors in convex and concave sides can be analytically calculated. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method on machining efficiency improvement.
Towards Safety Barrier Analysis of Hydrogen Powered Maritime Vessels
Authors: Balestra Lorenzo , Yang Ruochen , Schjølberg Ingrid , Utne Ingrid B. , Ulleberg Øystein 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper focuses on the use of safety barrier analysis, during the design phase of a vessel powered by cryogenic hydrogen, to identify possible weaknesses in the architecture. Barrier analysis can be used to evaluate a series of scenarios that have been identified in the industry as critical. The performance evaluation of such barriers in a specific scenario can lead to either the approval of the design, if a safety threshold is met, or the inclusion of additional barriers to mitigate risk even further. By conducting a structured analysis, it is possible to identify key barriers that need to be included in the system, intended both as physical barriers (sensors, cold box) and as administrative barriers (checklist, operator training). The method chosen for this study is the Barrier and Operational Risk Analysis (BORA) method. This method, developed for the analysis of hydrocarbon releases, is described in the paper and adapted for the analysis of cryogenic hydrogen releases. A case study is presented using the BORA method, developing the qualitative barrier analysis. The qualitative section of the method can be easily adapted to vessels of different class and size adopting the same storage solution. The barrier analysis provides a general framework to analyze the system and check that the safety requirements defined by the ship operator and maritime certification societies are met.