bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Literature Review on the Dual Effect of Corporate Tax Planning and Managerial Power on Executive Compensation Structure*
Authors: Hlaing Khin Phyo , Stapleton Andrea 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTIn this study, we review the extant literature on factors affecting the level and structure of executive compensation, with a specific focus on the power dynamic between firms and their executives. In doing so, we explore the competing effects of corporate tax planning and managerial power on executive compensation structure. We consider the theoretical underpinnings and related empirical findings regarding executive compensation structure and propose new avenues for future research that may deepen our understanding of factors influencing executive compensation structure.
Early pregnancy regulates expression of complement components in ovine liver
Authors: Feng Pengfei , Yang Gengxin , Zhang Weifeng , Zhang Leying , Wu Jiaxuan , Yang Ling 
Published: November 2021

AbstractComplement pathways participate in the regulation of innate immune system, and complement activation is inhibited in normal pregnancy. The liver plays key roles in the modulation of immunity and tolerance, but it is unclear that early pregnancy induces the changes in expression of complement components in the ovine maternal liver. The aim of the present study was to explore the expression of complement components in the liver using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Maternal livers were collected on Day 16 of the estrous cycle and Days 13, 16, and 25 of gestation. The results indicated that early pregnancy suppressed the expression of C1q, C1r, C1s, C2, C4a, C5b, and C9 in the maternal liver, but C3 expression was increased. In addition, C3 protein was located in the endothelial cells of the proper hepatic arteries and portal veins and hepatocytes. In summary, the downregulaltion of C1q, C1r, C1s, C2, C4a, C5b, and C9 may be involved in the suppression of complement activation, and upregulation of C3 is related to the modulation of maternal immune tolerance in ovine liver.
The mineralocorticoid receptor in skin disease
Authors: Pérez Paloma 
Published: November 2021

The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR or NR3C2) is expressed in all types of cells from the different skin compartments. The binding and activation by glucocorticoids has a higher affinity than that on the closely related glucocorticoid receptor (GR or NR3C1). As both corticosteroid receptors are co‐express in the skin and considering the therapeutic relevance of glucocorticoids to combat skin inflammatory diseases, it was proposed that several of the major side effects of topical glucocorticoids, such as skin atrophy and delayed wound healing, were due to unintended activation of the MR. Indeed, cutaneous MR blockade using genetic and pharmacological approaches in mice and human reduced corticosteroid‐associated skin atrophy in conditions of endogenous and pharmacological glucocorticoid excess. Although data support the safety of topical MR antagonists combined with glucocorticoid, it is crucial to address the efficacy of treatment in skin inflammatory conditions and its impact on the overall metabolism.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Emerging Fields for Therapeutic Targeting of the Aldosterone‐Mineralocorticoid Receptor Signaling Pathway. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.13/issuetoc
The power‐structure model of non‐profit governance
Authors: Bruni‐Bossio Vincent , Kaczur Melanie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractResearch Question/IssueThe Power‐Structure Model of Non‐Profit Governance provides an understanding of the types of power exhibited by different stakeholders in nonprofit organizations.Research Findings/InsightsThis qualitative study involved 21 semistructured interviews with board chairs of socially focused nonprofits. A grounded theory‐based approach was used to code extracted data into grouped concepts and to develop the model. Findings from the study indicate that (1) the reward and legitimate power of funders trumps almost all the other types of power in a nonprofit organization, (2) a board's legitimate power over management cannot surmount management's informational power, and (3) there may be a power struggle between the board chair's informational/referent power and the board members' expert/referent power.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsThe Power‐Structure Model of Non‐Profit Governance, which was conceived using theory and qualitative data, incorporates French and Raven's (1959) five types of social power to outline the power structure of nonprofits and how it differs from the traditional organizational structure. The model offers new perspectives on researching power and decision making in organizations and how appropriate governance can help to reduce power asymmetry between the CEO and the board.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsThe Power‐Structure Model of Non‐Profit Governance offers insight for policy makers into the types of power available to different actors in organizations, how they use this power, and how this power structure plays out in various organizations.
Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis with dermatomyositis‐like features: A case report with dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy findings
Authors: Farabi Banu , Jamgochian Marielle , Rao Babar K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMulticentric reticulohistiocytosis (MRH) is an insidious‐onset, non‐Langerhans‐cell histiocytosis (NLCH) affecting the joints and skin. Early diagnosis is important to prevent destructive arthritis and disease‐related complications. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a technique that allows the visualization of the epidermis and superficial dermis noninvasively on a horizontal plane with quasi‐histologic images of the skin. RCM features of NLCH including Rosai‐Dorfman disease, adult xanthogranuloma (AXG), and juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) have been reported. However, RCM features of MRH have not been described previously. Here we present the RCM features of a case of MRH with dermoscopic and histopathologic features.
Vulnerability of refugees: Some reflections on definitions and measurement practices
Authors: Mendola Daria , Pera Alessandra 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe legal and policy discourse on refugees has been mainly focusing on the labelling of particularly vulnerable persons or groups, while it has neglected to offer reflections on the effects of definitions and assessment practices over the creation of stereotypes and of biases in the identification of beneficiaries of protection. The aim of this paper was to offer some reflections on the how categories of vulnerability defined by international and supranational law are operationalised and implemented in the practice of the vulnerability assessment inside the humanitarian organisations. Our analysis shows that the vagueness of the legal definitions affects the way in which humanitarian organisations operationalise it. It also shows that the complexity of the relationships among the various vulnerability dimensions has generally been underrated in both scholarly writings and humanitarian practices. Thus, we outline the basis for alternative responses by the agencies engaged in vulnerability assessment practices.
Using smartphone technology to improve prospective memory functioning: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Scullin Michael K. , Jones Winston E. , Phenis Richard , Beevers Samantha , Rosen Sabra , Dinh Kara , Kiselica Andrew , Keefe Francis J. , Benge Jared F. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundA decline in the ability to perform daily intentions—known as prospective memory—is a key driver of everyday functional impairment in dementia. In the absence of effective pharmacological treatments, there is a need for developing, testing, and optimizing behavioral interventions that can bolster daily prospective memory functioning. We investigated the feasibility and efficacy of smartphone‐based strategies for prospective memory in persons with cognitive impairment.MethodsFifty‐two older adults (74.79 ± 7.20 years) meeting diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia were enrolled in a 4‐week randomized controlled trial. Participants were trained to use a digital voice recorder app or a reminder app to off‐load prospective memory intentions. Prospective memory was assessed using experimenter‐assigned tasks (e.g., call the laboratory on assigned days), standardized questionnaires, and structured interviews. Secondary dependent measures included days of phone and app usage, acceptability ratings, quality of life, and independent activities of daily living.ResultsParticipant ratings indicated that the intervention was acceptable and feasible. Furthermore, after the four‐week intervention, participants reported improvements in daily prospective memory functioning on standardized questionnaires (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.285) and the structured interview (p < 0.001, d = 1.75). Participants performed relatively well on experimenter‐assigned prospective memory tasks (51.7% ± 27.8%), with performance levels favoring the reminder app in Week 1, but reversing to favor the digital recorder app in Week 4 (p = 0.010, ηp2 = 0.079). Correlational analyses indicated that greater usage of the digital recorder or reminder app was associated with better prospective memory performance and greater improvements in instrumental activities of daily living (completed by care partners), even when controlling for condition, age, baseline cognitive functioning, and baseline smartphone experience.ConclusionsOlder adults with cognitive disorders can learn smartphone‐based memory strategies and doing so benefits prospective memory functioning and independence.
Tannin‐based bio‐adhesives for the wood panel industry as sustainable alternatives to petrochemical resins
Authors: Arias Ana , González‐García Sara , Feijoo Gumersindo , Moreira Maria Teresa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe development of natural‐based adhesives is a key aspect in reducing the consumption of fossil resources, in adapting to legislation on the use of formaldehyde and in ensuring the sustainability of the wood panel industry. This study focuses on five alternatives for tannin‐based adhesives (tannin‐paraformaldehyde, tannin‐glyoxal, tannin‐hexamine, tannin non‐isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) with ammonium hydroxide and tannin NIPU with HDMA bio‐adhesives) as potential proposals for the substitution of synthetic adhesives currently used: Urea‐formaldehyde (UF), Phenol‐formaldehyde (PF) and melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF). Modeling and simulation tools were used for the conceptual design of the reaction stage of the bio‐adhesives due to the lack of real data from industrial scale production systems. The life cycle assessment methodology was used to identify the environmental impacts associated with the production processes of these bio‐adhesives. The results obtained showed that tannin NIPU bio‐adhesive with ammonium hydroxide has the best environmental profile, although the other alternative bio‐adhesives also show good environmental profiles compared to synthetic adhesives. Sensitivity analyses have been carried out after evaluating the main hot spots in the production processes. In all of them, reductions of the environmental impacts have been observed, with the replacement of DMC by EC and the reduction of energy consumption being the options that showed the greatest improvements.
Illness uncertainty, self‐perceived burden and quality of life in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zhang Nan , Tang Xiao‐Qiong , Lu Kai , Dong Qian , Kong Ling‐Na , Jiang Tian‐Tian , Xu Liu‐Yue 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo investigate the relationship between illness uncertainty, self‐perceived burden and quality of life and explore the mediating role of self‐perceived burden between illness uncertainty and quality of life in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia.BackgroundPatients with chronic myeloid leukaemia need long‐term, potentially lifelong therapy to control the disease, which affects their quality of life. There is a need for exploring potentially changeable factors to develop interventions. Little is known about the effects of illness uncertainty and self‐perceived burden on quality of life in this population.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsA convenience sample of 248 patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia was recruited from four university hospitals from February to August 2020. Participants were assessed with the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale, Self‐Perceived Burden Scale, and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire. The STROBE checklist was used to report the results.ResultsIllness uncertainty and self‐perceived burden were negatively associated with quality of life in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia. Self‐perceived burden partially mediated the relationship between illness uncertainty and quality of life. The indirect effect was −0.101, accounting for 22.9% of the total effect.ConclusionThe findings revealed the relationship between illness uncertainty, self‐perceived burden and quality of life in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia. Self‐perceived burden exerted a mediating role between illness uncertainty and quality of life in this population.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study alerts healthcare providers to pay attention to patients’ illness uncertainty and self‐perceived burden, which can contribute to develop effective interventions to improve the quality of life among patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia in the clinical practice.
Defence responses triggered by Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei in non‐host wheat genotypes results in a decrease in Puccinia triticina infection
Authors: Barna Balázs , Máté Gabriella , Preuss Jutta , Harrach Borbála Dorottya , Gullner Gábor , Manninger Klára , Fodor József 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNon‐host resistance is the resistance of plants against all so‐called non‐adapted pathogens, and is considered the most durable and efficient immune system of plants. We investigated barley powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei, Bgh)‐triggered defence responses in seven wheat genotypes, and the induction of resistance by this non‐host pathogen to challenge infection with leaf rust, Puccinia triticina Eriks (formerly known as Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici). Bright‐field and ultraviolet microscopy revealed that although the germination of conidia on non‐host wheat leaves was generally lower than on host barley leaves, the 100% germination on Mv Mambó and only 50% germination on Mv 1 wheat genotypes are the two extremes. If we consider only the germinated conidia, papilla formation was the most frequently observed interaction on Mv 2 (90%) and Mv 4 (88%) genotypes. Epidermal cell death was pronounced on Mv Mambó (31%), but rare on Mv 2 (10%) and Mv 4 (11%), and a mesophyll hypersensitive response could even be detected. At sites of penetration attempts accumulation of H2O2 was shown by 3,3′‐diaminobenzidine staining. Ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione S‐transferase and catalase enzyme activities were augmented by 24.5%, 40.4%, and 21.5%, respectively, in wheat leaves 2 days after Bgh infection. Primary inoculation with Bgh, although with high variability, reduced the number of pustules in all wheat genotypes at first and third leaf stages upon inoculation with leaf rust races 12 and 61 by 10%–70% depending on the genotype, leaf stage and rust race.
Actions in phygital space: Work solidarity and collective action among app‐based cab drivers in India
Authors: Parth Shalini , Bathini Dharma Raju , Kandathil George 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study delineates the microprocesses of solidarity development and the subsequent collective actions of gig workers in India amidst multiple structural constraints. Using netnography, semi‐structured interviews and direct observation, we show how digitally naive app‐based cab drivers amalgamate physical and digital spaces, construct a phygital space free of managerial gaze and leverage it to bond and bridge, create webs of care and share and resist multiple oppressive forces, individually and collectively. Thus, we broaden the conceptualisation of worker agency beyond labour‐management antagonism and extend the extant literature on solidarity development and resistance in gig work by identifying a spatial enabler, phygital free space and the expansive role of relationship‐based commitment. Relationship‐based commitment not only functions as a membership mobiliser but also helps mobilise collective resistance when interwoven with an external threat‐based identity created through injustice framing.
Airflow restriction mask induces greater central fatigue after a non‐exhaustive high‐intensity interval exercise
Authors: Da Silva Kleber J. , Da Silva Lucas C. , Felippe Leandro C. , Silva‐Cavalcante Marcos D. , Franco‐Alvarenga Paulo E. , Learsi Sara , Ataide‐Silva Thays , Bertuzzi Romulo , Lima‐Silva Adriano E. , Ferreira Guilherme A. 
Published: November 2021

The airflow restriction mask (ARM) is a practical and inexpensive device for respiratory muscle training. Wearing an ARM has recently been combined with high‐intensity interval exercise (HIIE), but its effect on neuromuscular fatigue is unknown. The present study investigated the effects of ARM wearing on neuromuscular fatigue after an HIIE session. Fourteen healthy men performed two HIIE sessions (4 × 4 min at 90% HRmax, 3 min recovery at 70% HRmax) with or without an ARM. Neuromuscular fatigue was quantified via pre‐ to post‐HIIE changes in maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), voluntary activation (VA, central fatigue), and potentialized evoked twitch force at 100, 10, and 1 Hz (peripheral fatigue). Blood pH and lactate were measured before and after the HIIE session, while HR, SpO2, dyspnea, physical sensation of effort (P‐RPE), and Task Effort and Awareness (TEA) were recorded every bout. The exercise‐induced decrease in MVC was higher (p < 0.05) in the ARM (−28 ± 12%) than in the Control condition (−20 ± 11%). The VA decreased (p < 0.05) in the ARM (−11 ± 11%) but not in the control condition (−4 ± 5%, p > 0.05). Pre‐ to post‐HIIE declines in evoked twitch at 100, 10, and 1 Hz were similar (p > 0.05) between ARM and control conditions (ARM: −18 ± 10, −43 ± 11 and −38 ± 12%; Control: −18 ± 14, −43 ± 12 and −37 ± 17%). When compared with the control, the HIIE bout wearing ARM was marked by higher heart rate, plasma lactate concentration, dyspnea, P‐RPE and TEA, as well as lower SpO2 and blood pH. In conclusion, ARM increases perceptual and physiological stress during a HIIE, which may lead to a greater post‐exercise central fatigue.
Molecular basis of weak A subgroups in the Korean population: Identification of three novel subgroup‐causing variants in the ABO regulatory regions
Authors: Kim Tae Yeul , Yu HongBi , Seo Ji Young , Cho Duck 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies on Chinese and Japanese populations have shown that weak ABO subgroups could be caused by variants in the major regulatory regions of ABO, the proximal promoter, +5.8‐kb site, and CCAAT‐binding factor/NF‐Y binding site. We investigated the molecular basis of weak A subgroups in the Korean population.Study design and methodsThis study included 11 samples suspected to have a weak A subgroup. These samples were subjected to sequencing analysis of ABO exons 6 and 7. If no subgroup‐causing variants were detected in this region, exons 1–5 and three major regulatory regions were sequenced.ResultsSequencing analysis of exons 6 and 7 detected two known subgroup alleles (ABO*AW.10, n = 5; ABO*AEL.02, n = 2). The remaining four samples contained a sequence variant in the proximal promoter (g.4944C>T, n = 1; g.4954G>T, n = 1) or +5.8‐kb site (g.10843T>C, n = 1; g.10935C>T, n = 1). Notably, three of the four variants (g.4944C>T, g.4954G>T, and g.10843T>C) have not been reported previously in weak ABO subgroups.ConclusionThis study provides the first evidence that alterations in the proximal promoter and + 5.8‐kb site could account for a substantial proportion of weak A subgroups in the Korean population.
Navigating the challenges of Bombay phenotype (Oh) and twin pregnancy; a case report and literature review
Authors: Krigstein Michael , Cromer Natalie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundBombay phenotype (Oh) is a rare blood group and poses unique challenges during pregnancy, including an adequate supply of blood products in case of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and the risk of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). Case reports of antenatal care in this cohort are scarce. Herein, we present a case of twin pregnancy in an Oh woman and outline her multidisciplinary management. We summarize the literature to better inform decision‐making and patient blood management in the antenatal care of Oh women.Case descriptionA 22‐year‐old G1P0 presented at 15 weeks gestation with dichorionic diamniotic twins and known Oh phenotype. Hematinics were optimized to minimize anemia. Anti‐H titers were tracked and were 1:256 at both 28 and 36 weeks gestation. Regular middle cerebral artery dopplers were performed to assess for fetal anemia. There was constant communication with obstetrics and anesthetics teams. Both autologous frozen and directly donated fresh red cells were available as part of a clear, detailed transfusion plan. Transfusion was not required and neither child was affected by HDFN. The neonates were group O, DAT negative, and group A, DAT positive. Maternal anti‐A was detected in the neonatal eluate.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is only the second report of twin pregnancy in an Oh female and the first time a detailed transfusion plan has been published. Through employing patient blood management strategies, engaging a collaborative multidisciplinary approach, and establishing a clear delivery plan, the antenatal challenges of Bombay phenotype are surmountable.
Climatology and Trends of Heat Index, Human Discomfort Index, and Energy Per Capita for CONUS and Meso-America
Authors: Faiz Qurat , González Jorge E. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Air temperature and humidity affect human comfort and health in warm and humid climates, and consequently energy demands from buildings to maintain indoor comfort levels. An effective way to measure the overall effect of temperature and humidity on human comfort (or discomfort) is using the heat index (HI), a measure of how people “feel” when exposed to warm and humid environments. This research aims to investigate the spatial and temporal changes and trends of HI and associated energy per capita (EPC) to maintain human comfort in the Continental US (CONUS) and the Meso-America (the Caribbean, and Northern Regions of South America). Hourly air temperature and relative humidity datasets were collected from three sources: the National Center for Environmental Prediction, the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR), and surface weather stations for a period of 30 years: 1990–2019. The algorithm used for the HI is similar to the one used by the US National Weather Service whereas the EPC is based on the ventilation requirements per person. Results for HI and EPC climatology for the summer season indicate the largest increasing values in Southeast US, followed by the Greater Antilles, and then the Lesser Antilles. Results of the analysis depict positive EPC rate of 2 kW h per year for the summer season for the Southern Greater Antilles. These trends using NARR data were found to be statistically significant and correlate very well with selected weather stations. The actual trends of electricity consumption per person per year for the CONUS suggest, in general, a correlation with increasing maximum HI.