bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interferon-γ Impairs Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Glucose Metabolism by Tryptophan Catabolism and Activates Fatty Acid Oxidation
Authors: Lee Laurel Yong-Hwa , Oldham William M. , He Huamei , Wang Ruisheng , Mulhern Ryan , Handy Diane E. , Loscalzo Joseph 
Published: October 2021

Background:

Endothelial cells depend on glycolysis for much of their energy production. Impaired endothelial glycolysis has been associated with various vascular pathobiologies, including impaired angiogenesis and atherogenesis. IFN-γ (interferon-γ)–producing CD4
+
and CD8
+
T lymphocytes have been identified as the predominant pathological cell subsets in human atherosclerotic plaques. Although the immunologic consequences of these cells have been extensively evaluated, their IFN-γ–mediated metabolic effects on endothelial cells remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the metabolic consequences of the T-lymphocyte cytokine, IFN-γ, on human coronary artery endothelial cells.

Methods:
The metabolic effects of IFN-γ on primary human coronary artery endothelial cells were assessed by unbiased transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses combined with real-time extracellular flux analyses and molecular mechanistic studies. Cellular phenotypic correlations were made by measuring altered endothelial intracellular cGMP content, wound-healing capacity, and adhesion molecule expression.

Results:
IFN-γ exposure inhibited basal glycolysis of quiescent primary human coronary artery endothelial cells by 20% through the global transcriptional suppression of glycolytic enzymes resulting from decreased basal HIF1α (hypoxia-inducible factor 1α) nuclear availability in normoxia. The decrease in HIF1α activity was a consequence of IFN-γ–induced tryptophan catabolism resulting in ARNT (aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator)/HIF1β sequestration by the kynurenine-activated AHR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor). In addition, IFN-γ resulted in a 23% depletion of intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in human coronary artery endothelial cells. This altered glucose metabolism was met with concomitant activation of fatty acid oxidation, which augmented its contribution to intracellular ATP balance by >20%. These metabolic derangements were associated with adverse endothelial phenotypic changes, including decreased basal intracellular cGMP, impaired endothelial migration, and a switch to a proinflammatory state.

Conclusions:
IFN-γ impairs endothelial glucose metabolism by altered tryptophan catabolism destabilizing HIF1, depletes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and results in a metabolic shift toward increased fatty acid oxidation. This work suggests a novel mechanistic basis for pathological T lymphocyte–endothelial interactions in atherosclerosis mediated by IFN-γ, linking endothelial glucose, tryptophan, and fatty acid metabolism with the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide balance and ATP generation and their adverse endothelial functional consequences.
Molecular cloning, expression profiling of a carboxylesterase gene and its potential role in methyl farnesoate degradation in Eriocheir sinensis (Brachyura, Varunidae)
Authors: Li Xilei , Chen Tiantian , Xu Ruihan , Xie Qiming , Su Shiping , Ma Keyi , Ma Rufang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In crustaceans, methyl farnesoate (MF) is an important sesquiterpenoid to regulate many physiological processes, especially reproduction and ovarian maturation. In this study, a 1919 bp cDNA of carboxylesterases (Es-CXE6) with some conserved motifs of the CXE multifunctional enzyme family was cloned from Eriocheir sinensis. Tissue and stage-specific expression results suggested that Es-CXE6 expression in hepatopancreas was highest and associated with the haemolymph MF titer. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that Es-CXE6 expression was significantly upregulated by MF treatment in the hepatopancreas but not in the ovary. Furthermore, an eyestalk ablation experiment showed that Es-CXE6 expression was significantly upregulated on days 1 and 3 post eyestalk ablation in the hepatopancreas. Together, these results indicate that Es-CXE6 may degrade MF in the hepatopancreas in E. sinensis. Our results offer a potential approach to maintain the MF titer at appropriate levels, which has potential applications in crab aquaculture.
A new Asterocheres (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida) symbiont of the sea star Nidorellia armata (Gray, 1840) (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) in the Eastern Tropical Pacific
Authors: Reyes-González C. Nahxieli , Suárez-Morales Eduardo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A new species of the diverse and widely distributed symbiotic copepod genus Asterocheres is described from the sea star Nidorellia armata (Gray, 1840) in Mexican waters of the Eastern Tropical Pacific. The new species resembles various other congeners by sharing several characters including: (1) a siphon extending to the intersection of the maxilliped, (2) a 21-segmented antennule, and (3) a 2-segmented mandible palp. It can be distinguished by the unique structure and ornamentation of the maxilla, the armature and proportions of the fifth leg, and its body shape.
This is the first documented record of Asterocheres from the Mexican Pacific and the first finding of a symbiotic copepod on this sea star host. Males, ovigerous females and copepodites were recorded from the host, thus suggesting a well-established symbiotic association. It is likely that copepods feed on the host’s tegument. Further studies will be needed to assess the reproductive traits and seasonality of this copepod as a symbiont.
A Study of the Language Characteristics of Types of Business English Speeches from the Perspective of Functional Linguistics
Authors: Wang Xian , Li Huixian 
Published: October 2021

A Study of the Language Characteristics of Types of Business English Speeches from the Perspective of Functional LinguisticsBusiness English speeches are an essential form of business communication, and the question of how to improve their effectiveness is essential to successful business communication. Based on a self-built corpus of Business English speeches, this paper studies the relationship of sentence structure, business vocabulary, and speech type with business speeches by using a quantitative statistical method. It reveals that the sentence structure used by the speaker changes according to the content and type of speech, while the proportion of business vocabulary relative to the type of business speech stays at a low level of 5%, with little variance. Sentence structure and the frequency of business vocabulary should be adapted according to the type of speech so that positive effectiveness can be ensured. Charakterystyka lingwistyczna typów angielskich wystąpień biznesowych w świetle językoznawstwa funkcjonalnegoPrzemówienia biznesowe w języku angielskim są podstawową formą komunikacji biznesowej, a pytanie o to, jak poprawić ich efektywność, jest kluczowe dla udanej komunikacji biznesowej. Na podstawie samodzielnie zbudowanego korpusu przemówień biznesowych w języku angielskim badany jest związek struktury zdań, słownictwa biznesowego i typu wypowiedzi z przemówieniami biznesowymi z zastosowaniem statystycznej metody ilościowej. Okazuje się, że struktura zdania używana przez mówiącego zmienia się w zależności od treści i typu wypowiedzi, podczas gdy udział słownictwa biznesowego w stosunku do typu wypowiedzi biznesowej pozostaje na niskim, 5 procentowym poziomie, z niewielkimi odchyleniami. Struktura zdania i częstość użycia słownictwa biznesowego powinny być dostosowane do rodzaju wypowiedzi, aby zapewnić jej skuteczność.
The Conceptual Metaphor of Modesty in English and Ukrainian
Authors: Shevchenko Iryna , Shastalo Vira 
Published: October 2021

The Conceptual Metaphor of Modesty in English and UkrainianThe article focuses on the cultural regulatory concept of MODESTY in English and Ukrainian linguistic construals of the world. The article examines this concept as it is lexicalized in English and Ukrainian in terms of cross-domain mapping and conceptual integration theory. In the corresponding national corpora of fiction, MODESTY serves both as target and source domains, thus forming the range and scope of conceptual metaphors. The article claims that in genetically unrelated languages, conceptual metaphors of MODESTY demonstrate common mental models and mainly vary in their verbal form and in their frequency in discourse. From a cross-cultural perspective, the variation of conceptual metaphors of MODESTY is motivated not only linguistically but also culturally. In English conceptual metaphors, the source domains cross-mapped onto the target MODESTY are semantically more varied than in Ukrainian. The target domains onto which modesty is mapped form semantically similar conceptual metaphors, which differ in their frequency in English and Ukrainian discourses. Metafora konceptualna skromności w języku angielskim i ukraińskim Autorki przedstawiają kulturowo-regulacyjny koncept SKROMNOŚCI w angielskich i ukraińskich językowych konstruktach świata. Analizują leksykalizację tego konceptu w języku angielskim i ukraińskim pod kątem mapowania międzydomenowego i teorii integracji konceptualnej. W utworach literackich zawartych w korpusach narodowych SKROMNOŚĆ służy zarówno jako domena docelowa, jak i źródłowa, kształtując w ten sposób zakres metafor konceptualnych. Autorki stwierdzają, że w językach niezwiązanych genetycznie konceptualne metafory SKROMNOŚCI wskazują na wspólne modele umysłowe i różnią się głównie formą werbalną oraz częstotliwością występowania w dyskursie. Z perspektywy międzykulturowej, zróżnicowanie konceptualnych metafor SKROMNOŚCI jest umotywowane nie tylko językowo, ale i kulturowo. W angielskich metaforach konceptualnych domeny źródłowe, na które nakłada się docelowe pojęcie SKROMNOŚCI, są semantycznie bardziej zróżnicowane niż w metaforach ukraińskich. Domeny docelowe, na które mapowana jest SKROMNOŚĆ, tworzą semantycznie podobne metafory konceptualne, różniące się częstotliwością występowania w dyskursie angielskim i ukraińskim.
Plurilingualism as a Sociolinguistic Phenomenon in the Modern Globalized World: A Review of Pavlo Levchuk’s Monograph “Trójjęzyczność ukraińsko-rosyjsko-polska Ukraińców niepolskiego pochodzenia” (Kraków: Księgarnia Akademicka, 2020, ss. 299)
Authors: Kushlyk Oksana 
Published: October 2021

Plurilingualism as a Sociolinguistic Phenomenon in the Modern Globalized World: A Review of Pavlo Levchuk’s Monograph “Trójjęzyczność ukraińsko-rosyjsko-polska Ukraińców niepolskiego pochodzenia” (Kraków: Księgarnia Akademicka, 2020, ss. 299)The reviewed monograph is the first scientific work in Poland addressing the issue of Ukrainian–Russian–Polish trilingualism, a widespread phenomenon among Ukrainians of non-Polish descent living in both Ukraine and Poland. The research was conducted from the sociolinguistic perspective and involves an analysis of the linguistic situation caused by the spread of the three languages in the area, the determination of the quantitative and qualitative indicators of this trilingualism, and an assessment of official language policy, which purports to strengthen the position of Polish in relation to the other two languages under study. Polilingwizm jako zjawisko socjolingwistyczne we współczesnym zglobalizowanym świecie. Recenzja monografii Pawła Lewczuka „Trójjęzyczność ukraińsko-rosyjsko-polska Ukraińców niepolskiego pochodzenia” (Kraków: Księgarnia Akademicka, 2020, 299 s.)Recenzowana monografia jest pierwszą w Polsce pracą naukową podejmującą problematykę trójjęzyczności ukraińsko-rosyjsko-polskiej – powszechnego zjawiska wśród Ukraińców niepolskiego pochodzenia, zamieszkałych zarówno na Ukrainie, jak i w Polsce. Badania zostały przeprowadzone z perspektywy socjolingwistycznej i obejmują analizę sytuacji językowej spowodowanej rozprzestrzenianiem się trzech języków na danym obszarze, określenie ilościowych i jakościowych wskaźników tej trójjęzyczności oraz ocenę oficjalnej polityki językowej, która zmierza do wzmocnienia pozycji języka polskiego w stosunku do dwóch pozostałych badanych języków.
Ukrainian Language in Polish Public Space
Authors: Levchuk Paweł 
Published: October 2021

Ukrainian Language in Polish Public SpaceThe article deals with examples of the use of Ukrainian in Polish public space. Ukrainians are the largest immigrant group in Poland, with an estimated 2 million people. Most of them speak Polish at an elementary level. This situation has led to the appearance in Polish public space of Ukrainian-language advertising of banks, mobile operators, cinemas, various services, information about the COVID-19 pandemic, and so on. Although formally the Ukrainian language remains exclusively the language of a national minority, its use indicates an increasing need for Ukrainian-language advertising in various environments. Język ukraiński w polskiej przestrzeni publicznejAutor omawia przykłady użycia języka ukraińskiego w polskiej przestrzeni publicznej. Ukraińcy są największą grupą imigrantów w Polsce, jej wielkość jest szacowana na 2 miliony osób. Większość z nich posługuje się językiem polskim na poziomie podstawowym. Ta sytuacja spowodowała, że w polskiej przestrzeni publicznej pojawiły się ukraińskojęzyczne reklamy banków, operatorów telefonii komórkowej, kin, różnych usług, również informacje o pandemii COVID-19 itd. Mimo że formalnie język ukraiński pozostaje wyłącznie językiem mniejszości narodowej, jego użycie wskazuje na rosnące zapotrzebowanie na ukraińskojęzyczną reklamę w różnych sferach życia.
History as a Weapon: Second World War Imagery in the Ongoing Russian–Ukrainian Cyberwar
Authors: Pidkuĭmukha Liudmyla 
Published: October 2021

History as a Weapon: Second World War Imagery in the Ongoing Russian–Ukrainian CyberwarThe article focuses on the characteristics of military posters employed as an element of the ongoing Russia–Ukrainian hybrid war in the Donbas region. The paper also examines the functions which posters fulfil in times of military conflict and analyses the role which posters play in persuading and mobilizing society, recruiting soldiers, and maintaining high morale among troops.The research material includes posters that were exhibited in 2014–2017, when the most significant battles took place. The article focuses on the verbal aspects of the posters as well as on the visual constructions of “friends” and “foes”. Furthermore, this investigation analyses the Second World War (WWII) images and symbols that have been used in both pro-Ukrainian and pro-Russian posters. Historia jako broń: obrazowanie drugiej wojny światowej w trwającej cyberwojnie rosyjsko-ukraińskiejAutorka koncentruje się na charakterystyce plakatów wojskowych wykorzystywanych jako element trwającej w regionie Donbasu rosyjsko-ukraińskiej wojny hybrydowej. Bada również funkcje, jakie pełnią plakaty w czasie konfliktu zbrojnego oraz analizuje rolę, jaką odgrywają w przekonywaniu i mobilizowaniu społeczeństwa, rekrutacji żołnierzy oraz utrzymywaniu wysokiego poziomu morale wśród wojska.Materiał badawczy obejmuje plakaty, które były eksponowane w latach 2014–2017, kiedy rozegrano najbardziej znaczące bitwy. W artykule autorka skupiła uwagę na werbalnych aspektach plakatów, a także na wizualnych konstrukcjach „przyjaciół” i „wrogów”. Ponadto analizuje wizerunek drugiej wojny światowej, motywy i symbole z przeszłości, które zostały wykorzystane zarówno w plakatach proukraińskich, jak i prorosyjskich.
Risk Factors for Serum Bilirubin Rebound After Stopping Phototherapy in Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Yadav Abhishek , Maini Baljeet , Gaur Bablu Kumar , Singh Rupa R 
Published: October 2021

Objective: To identify the factors affecting rebound increase in bilirubin levels after stopping phototherapy in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Setting: Tertiary-level neonatal unit. Patients: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional observational study. The study was conducted in neonatal division of rural tertiary care hospital. All neonates who were admitted for hyperbilirubinemia treatment and fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Inclusion Criteria: All neonates 1.5 kg and above and treated in newborn intensive care unit for hyperbilirubinemia. Exclusion Criteria: (a) Critically ill patients requiring respiratory support any time after delivery, (b) neonates presenting with life-threatening surgical conditions, (c) patient with congenital malformation, (d) conjugated bilirubin elevation, (e) patients with birth asphyxia. Statistical Analysis: All the data were entered into a Microsoft Excel sheet. Appropriate tests of significance were applied. The various variables were sorted and presented as a number or percentage. The categorical variables used in the analysis were evaluated using the chi-square test (Yates’s correction and Fischer exact test were employed where applicable). The continuous data were analyzed by “t” test. The P value of less than 0.05 was taken to be level of statistical significance. Results: One hundred and fifty patients of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were included in this study. In this study, 81 newborns (54.0%) were male and 78 (52%) of them were born by normal vaginal delivery. One hundred and nine babies (72.6%) were term babies. Fifty babies (33.3%) were low birth weight. Out of 150 neonates, 18(12%) had ABO incompatibility, 13(8.7%) Rh incompatibility, 23(15.7%) neonatal sepsis, and 4 (2.6%) had polycythemia. Out of 150 patients, 15(10%) babies had rebound hyperbilirubinemia at 24 h of life requiring phototherapy prematurity (particularly <34 weeks) ( P value: .03), low birth weight (particularly <2.0 kg) ( P value:.009), onset of jaundice requiring phototherapy before 72 h of life ( P value .04), blood group (both Rh and ABO) incompatibility ( P values: .001 and .002), neonatal sepsis ( P value: .004) were significantly associated with rebound hyperbilirubinemia. Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, polycythemia, maturity, mode of feeding, and gender did not show any statistical significant relationship with rebound hyperbilirubinemia. Conclusions: Rebound level of bilirubin need not be checked in all babies. Babies with risk factors like born preterm, low birth weight, having sepsis, requirement of phototherapy before 72 h of life, Rh and ABO group incompatibility, only need to be checked for serum bilirubin rebound. We recommend more studies with larger sample size to evaluate all these factors including polycythemia and G6PD deficiency.
Risk Factors and Comorbidities Associated with Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Roy Satyajeet , Schweiker-Kahn Olga , Jafry Behjath , Masel-Miller Rachel , Raju Riya Sam , O’Neill Liam Martin Orta , Correia Caroline Rose , Trivedi Aditi , Johnson Christopher , Pilot Christian , Saddemi Jackson , Memon Aatqa , Chen Austin , McHugh Sean Paul , Patel Sawan , Daroshefski Nicholas Michael , Nguyen Tatyana , Wissler Walter , Sharma Elena , Hunter Krystal 
Published: October 2021

Introduction/objectives: Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease. Despite optimal glycemic control and blood pressure management, progression to DKD cannot be halted in some patients. We aimed to find the association of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors and comorbid conditions in patients with DKD. Methods: Retrospective medical record review of adult patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) was performed who visited our internal medicine office between January 1, 2020 and December 31, 2020. Results: Among 728 patients with DM, 471 (64.7%) patients had DKD, and 257 (35.3%) patients were without DKD. Among the group of patients with DKD, the majority were in CKD stage G1A2 (34.6%), followed equally by G2A2 and G3aA1 (16.8% each). Mean age of the patients with DKD was significantly greater than the patients without DKD (69.4 years vs 62.2 years; P < .001). For each unit increase in age, there was a 7.8% increase in the odds of DKD (95% CI 5.3-10.4; P < .001). Women had 2.32 times greater odds of DKD (95% CI, 1.41-3.81; P = .001). We found decreased odds of DKD for those who consumed alcohol moderately (OR 0.612, 95% CI 0.377-0.994; P < .05). Significantly higher frequencies of associations of several comorbid medical conditions were seen in patients with DKD compared to the patients without DKD, such as hypertension (91.9% vs 75.6%), hyperlipidemia (86.6% vs 78.2%), coronary artery disease (39.3% vs 16.8%), cerebrovascular accidents (13.4% vs 7.4%), congestive heart failure (12.9% vs 4.1%), carotid artery stenosis (11.3% vs 2.6%), aortic aneurysm (5.4% vs 2.0%), peripheral artery disease (10.8% vs 3.5%), gout (12.4% vs 5.5%), and osteoarthritis (41.4% vs 31.2%). Conclusions: In patients with diabetes, increasing age, female sex, and lack of moderate alcohol consumption were associated with increased odds of DKD. Higher frequencies of association of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular accidents, congestive heart failure, carotid artery stenosis, aortic aneurysm, peripheral artery disease, gout, and osteoarthritis were also seen in patients with DKD.
Multi-component cognitive intervention for older adults with mixed cognitive levels: implementation and preliminary effectiveness in real-world settings
Authors: Mao Hui-Fen , Tsai Athena Yi-Jung , Chang Ling-Hui , Tsai I-Lu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
In most controlled studies of multi-component cognitive intervention, participants’ cognitive levels are homogenous, which is contrary to real-world settings. There is a lack of research studying the implementation of evidence-based cognitive intervention in communities. This study describes the implementation and preliminary effectiveness of a Multi-component Cognitive Intervention using Simulated Everyday Tasks (MCI-SET) for older adults with different cognitive levels in real-world settings.

Methods
Single group, pre-intervention assessment, post-intervention assessment, and 3-month follow-up research design. MCI-SET consists of 12 two-hour weekly sessions that include motor-cognitive tasks, cognitive training, and cognitive rehabilitation. One hundred and thirty participants, > = 65 and frail, dependence on > = one instrumental daily activity, or with confirmed dementia, from eight community centers were included. The primary outcome is general cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Taiwan, MoCA-T). Secondary outcomes are memory (Miami Prospective Memory Test, Digits Forward, Digits Backward), attention (Color Trail Test-Part 1), executive function (Color Trail Test-Part 2), and general function (Kihon Checklist-Taiwan).

Results
Pre-intervention workshop for group leaders, standardized activity protocols, on-site observation, and ten weekly conferences were conducted to ensure implementation fidelity. MCI-SET had an 85% retention rate and 96% attendance rate. The participants had a mean age of 78.26 ± 7.00 and a mean MoCA-T score of 12.55 ± 7.43. 73% were female.
General cognition (Hedges’ g = 0.31), attention (Hedges’ g = 0.23), and general function (Hedges’ g = 0.31), showed significant post-intervention improvement with small effect size. Follow-ups showed maintained improvement in general cognition (Hedges’ g = 0.33), and delayed effect on attention (Hedges’ g = 0.20), short-term memory (Hedges’ g = 0.38), and executive function (Hedges’ g = 0.40). Regression analysis indicated that the intervention settings (day care centers vs neighborhood centers), the pre-intervention cognitive levels, and the pre-intervention general function of the participants were not associated with the outcomes.

Conclusions
MCI-SET is feasible and can improve the cognitive skills and general functions of older adults with heterogeneous cognitive skills or disabilities. It is essential to tailor programs to fit the interests of the participants and the culture of local communities. Group leaders must also have the skills to adjust the cognitive demands of the tasks to meet the heterogeneous cognitive levels of participants.

Trial registration
This study was retrospectively registered at clinicaltrials.gov (Identifier: NCT04615169).