bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of caveolae and caveolin in C6 glioma cells
Authors: Silva W.I. , Maldonado H.M. , Lisanti M.P. , DeVellis J. , Chompré G. , Mayol N. , Ortiz M. , Velázquez G. , Maldonado A. , Montalvo J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractCaveolae (CAV) constitute a novel subcellular transport vesicle that has received special attention based on its proven and postulated participation in transcytosis, potocytosis, and in cell signaling events. One of the principal components of CAV are caveolin protein isoforms. Here, we have undertaken the immunochemical identification of CAV and the known caveolin isoforms (1α, 1β, 2 and 3) in cultured rat C6 glioma cells. Immunoblot analysis revealed that particulate fractions from rat C6 glioma cells express caveolin‐1 and caveolin‐2. The relative detergent‐insolubility of these caveolin isoforms was also determined by Western blot analysis. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis with caveolin‐1 and B‐2 antibodies revealed staining patterns typical of CAV's known subcellular distribution and localization. For both caveolin isoforms immunocytochemical staining was characterized by intensely fluorescent puncta throughout the cytoplasm and diffuse micropatches at the level of the plasmalemma. Perinuclear staining was also detected, consistent and suggestive of caveolin's localization in the trans Golgi region. The caveolin‐1 and B‐2 immunoreactivity seen in Western blots and immunocytochemically is related to structurally relevant CAV as supported by the isolation of caveolin‐enriched membrane complexes using two different methods. Light‐density, Triton X‐100‐insoluble caveolin‐1‐ and caveolin‐2‐enriched fractions were obtained after fractionation of rat C6 glioma cells and their separation over 5–40% discontinuous sucrose‐density gradients. Similar fractions were obtained using a detergent‐free, sodium carbonate‐based fractionation method. These results further support the localization of CAV and caveolins in glial cells. In addition, they demonstrate that cultured C6 glioma cells can be useful as a model system to study the role of CAV and caveolins in subcellular transport and signal transduction events in glial cells and the brain.
Characteristics, recognition and treatment of dysthymics in primary care
Authors: Lecrubier Y , Weiller E 
Published: July 2002

SummaryAs part of the WHO-PPGHC study aimed to better understand the form, frequency and burden of psychiatric conditions in primary care throughout the world, the clinical characteristics of dysthymic patients consulting in primary care were examined. A total of 25,916 general health care attenders at 15 sites in 14 countries were screened using the 12-item General Health Questionaire (GHQ-12). Of those screened, 5,438 were assessed in detail using a Primary Health Care version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI-PHC) in conjunction with among others the Brief Disability Questionnaire (BDQ) and the 28-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). General practitioners (GPs) gave their opinion on the existence of a psychological problem and indicated what therapeutic intervention was proposed to patients they recognised as psychological cases. The estimated current prevalence of dysthymia as defined by the ICD-10 was 2.1%. The social disability was found to be substantial in patients with dysthymia (52.2% of patients moderately or severely disabled) similar to that observed in patients with Depressive Episode (DE) (57.4%). When both conditions were present, the level of disability was even higher (63.6%). The symptoms presented by dysthymic patients without DE were mostly those specific for the diagnosis of dysthymia (ie, tearful, hopeless, inability to cope, pessimism) while these symptoms were less frequent when dysthymia was complicated by a DE. On the contrary, fatigue and loss of interest were more rarely observed in “pure” dysthymics. In spite of a lower symptomatic severity about half of the patients with dysthymia were recognised as cases by their GPs, a proportion similar to those with DE. However, dysthymics without DE were not, in contrast to patients with DE or with dysthymia and DE, more treated with drugs than non-depressed patients.
Rotational embedment mechanism of traditional wooden strut and its formulation
Authors: Tanahashi Hideaki , Ooka Yu , Suzuki Yoshiyuki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, the rotational embedment mechanism of traditional wooden struts is analyzed on the basis of loading tests on struts. The formulation of the restoring force characteristics of traditional wooden struts is established by the Elasto‐plastic Pasternak Model proposed by the authors. It is then discussed and verified using the rotational embedment test results of the struts.
Sexism and its associated factors among adolescents in Europe: Lights4Violence baseline results
Authors: Ayala Alba , Vives‐Cases Carmen , Davó‐Blanes Carmen , Rodríguez‐Blázquez Carmen , Forjaz Maria João , Bowes Nicola , DeClaire Karen , Jaskulska Sylwia , Pyżalski Jacek , Neves Sofia , Queirós Sofia , Gotca Ioan , Mocanu Veronica , Corradi Consuelo , Sanz‐Barbero Belén 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDespite the efforts of recent decades to reduce gender inequality, sexism is still prevalent among adolescents. The objective of this study was to identify the main socioeconomic characteristics, personal experiences, resources, and competencies associated with sexism in a sample of adolescents from different European countries. Baseline data from the Lights4Violence project included 1555 students ages 12–17 from secondary schools in six European countries (Spain, Italy, Romania, United Kingdom, Portugal, and Poland). Linear regression models were carried out, stratified by sex for benevolent (BS) and hostile (HS) dimensions of the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory. The average age of the sample was 14.3 years (SD = 1.5), 59.3% were girls. Boys scored higher on the measure of sexism (mean BS = 29.7; HS = 29.1) than girls (BS = 27.5, HS = 23.0; p < .001). Girls whose mothers had a university degree reported lower BS (β = −0.113; p = .023) (reference: lower education). Girls who had experienced dating violence reported higher HS (β = .080; p = .010) than those who had never been in an intimate relationship. For both sexes, high aggressiveness was associated with high levels of HS, and high aggressiveness was related to high levels of BS in boys. High assertiveness was associated with high levels of BS in both sexes and with high levels of HS in boys. A high level of problem‐solving ability was associated with lower HS in both sexes. The study reinforces the need to invest in school programs aimed at preventing dating violence and promoting positive youth development.
Revised and short versions of the pseudoscientific belief scale
Authors: Fasce Angelo , Avendaño Diego , Adrián‐Ventura Jesús 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this article, we develop the revised and short versions of the pseudoscientific belief scale through two empirical studies (N = 4154). This revision is motivated by the excessive length of the scale, as well as by consistent observations of poor item loadings across several studies. Exploratory factor analysis in Study 1 revealed 11 dispensable items, resulting in a 19‐item revised form, whereas in Study 2 we constructed a short eight‐item form. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed unidimensional factor structures for both scales, exhibiting excellent psychometric properties in relation to factor structure, item loadings, internal consistency and convergent validity with paranormal beliefs, conspiracy theories and need for uniqueness. Whereas the original scale provides reliable indices, we encourage the use of these improved versions to measure pseudoscientific beliefs in the context of socio‐psychological studies.
Light‐Controlled Growth Factors Release on Tetrapodal ZnO‐Incorporated 3D‐Printed Hydrogels for Developing Smart Wound Scaffold
Authors: Siebert Leonard , Luna‐Cerón Eder , García‐Rivera Luis Enrique , Oh Junsung , Jang JunHwee , Rosas‐Gómez Diego A. , Pérez‐Gómez Mitzi D. , Maschkowitz Gregor , Fickenscher Helmut , Oceguera‐Cuevas Daniela , Holguín‐León Carmen G. , Byambaa Batzaya , Hussain Mohammad A. , Enciso‐Martínez Eduardo , Cho Minsung , Lee Yuhan , Sobahi Nebras , Hasan Anwarul , Orgill Dennis P. , Mishra Yogendra Kumar , Adelung Rainer , Lee Eunjung , Shin Su Ryon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAdvanced wound scaffolds that integrate active substances to treat chronic wounds have gained significant recent attention. While wound scaffolds and advanced functionalities have previously been incorporated into one medical device, the wirelessly triggered release of active substances has remained the focus of many research endeavors. To combine multiple functions including light‐triggered activation, antiseptic, angiogenic, and moisturizing properties, a 3D printed hydrogel patch encapsulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) decorated with photoactive and antibacterial tetrapodal zinc oxide (t‐ZnO) microparticles is developed. To achieve the smart release of VEGF, t‐ZnO is modified by chemical treatment and activated through ultraviolet/visible light exposure. This process would also make the surface rough and improve protein adhesion. The elastic modulus and degradation behavior of the composite hydrogels, which must match the wound healing process, are adjusted by changing t‐ZnO concentrations. The t‐ZnO‐laden composite hydrogels can be printed with any desired micropattern to potentially create a modular elution of various growth factors. The VEGF‐decorated t‐ZnO‐laden hydrogel patches show low cytotoxicity and improved angiogenic properties while maintaining antibacterial functions in vitro. In vivo tests show promising results for the printed wound patches, with less immunogenicity and enhanced wound healing.
Anion Intercalation of VS4 Triggers Atomic Sulfur Transfer to Organic Disulfide in Rechargeable Lithium Battery
Authors: Wang Zhiyu , Li Xiang , Guo Wei , Fu Yongzhu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTransition metal polysulfides MSx (x > 2) have attracted much attention because of their high theoretical capacities as electrode materials for lithium batteries. Among them, VS4 has a linear chain structure in which van der Walls forces exist between chains. Previous reports found lithium ions can be intercalated into VS4 in the discharge, and elemental V and Li2S are formed when discharged to low voltage (e.g., <1.0 V vs Li/Li+). In this study is found that bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI−) anions can be intercalated into VS4 when charged to 3.0 V or above after discharged to 1.8 V in rechargeable lithium battery, triggering sulfur evolution. To improve its cycling reversibility diphenyl disulfide (DPDS) is used as a sulfur receptor in the composite electrode consisting of nanoscaled VS4 particles and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). In the charge, sulfur atoms are transferred from VS4 to DPDS forming diphenyl trisulfide (DPTS). This strategy enables improved capacity retention and material utilization. The electrode shows a reversible capacity of 130.7 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at the current density of 240 mA g−1.
Liquid Marble Patchwork on Super‐Repellent Surface
Authors: Tenjimbayashi Mizuki , Samitsu Sadaki , Watanabe Yuko , Nakamura Yasuyuki , Naito Masanobu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLiquid marble (LM) is a droplet that is wrapped by hydrophobic solid particles, which behave as a non‐wetting soft solid. Based on these properties, LM can be applied in fluidics and soft device applications. A wide variety of functional particles have been synthesized to form functional LMs. However, the formation of multifunctional LMs by integrating several types of functional particles is challenging. Here, a general strategy for the flexible patterning of functional particles on droplet surfaces in a patchwork‐like design is reported. It is shown that LMs can switch their macroscopic behavior between a stable and active state on super‐repellent surfaces in situ by jamming/unjamming the surface particles. Active LMs hydrostatically coalesce to form a self‐sorted particle pattern on the droplet surface. With the support of LM handling robotics, on‐demand cyclic activation–manipulation–coalescence–stabilization protocols by LMs with different sizes and particle types result in the reliable design of multi‐faced LMs. Based on this concept, a single bi‐functional LM is designed from two mono‐functional LMs as an advanced droplet carrier.
Nonlinear THz‐Nano Metasurfaces
Authors: Dong Tian , Li Shaoxian , Manjappa Manukumara , Yang Peidi , Zhou Jiangping , Kong Deyin , Quan Baogang , Chen Xieyu , Ouyang Chen , Dai Fei , Han Jiaguang , Ouyang Chunmei , Zhang Xueqian , Li Junjie , Li Yang , Miao Jungang , Li Yutong , Wang Li , Singh Ranjan , Zhang Weili , Wu Xiaojun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractExtreme terahertz (THz) science and technologies, the next disruptive frontier in nonlinear optics, provide multifaceted capabilities for exploring strong light‐matter interactions in a variety of physical systems. However, current techniques involve the need for an extremely high‐field free space THz source that is difficult to generate and has limited investigations to a rather weak and linear regime of light‐matter interactions. Therefore, new approaches are being sought for the tight confinement of THz waves that can induce nonlinear effects. Here, a nonlinear “tera‐nano” metasurface is demonstrated exhibiting extremely large THz nonlinearity and sensitive self‐modulation of resonances at moderate incident THz field strengths. A record deep‐subwavelength (≈λ/33 000) confinement of strongly enhanced (≈3200) THz field in a nano‐gap (15 nm) exhibits remarkable THz field‐tailored nonlinearity. Further, ultrafast injection of photocarriers reveals a competition between nonlinear THz field‐induced intervalley scattering and optically driven interband excitations. The results on “tera‐nano” metasurfaces enable a novel platform to realize enhanced nonlinear nano/micro composites for field‐sensitive extreme THz nonlinear applications without the need for intense THz light sources.
Organic Upconversion Imager with Dual Electronic and Optical Readouts for Shortwave Infrared Light Detection
Authors: Li Ning , Eedugurala Naresh , Leem Dong‐Seok , Azoulay Jason D. , Ng Tse Nga 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThere remains a critical need for large‐area imaging technologies that operate in the shortwave infrared spectral region. Upconversion imagers that combine photo‐sensing and display in a compact structure are attractive since they avoid the costly and complex process of pixilation. However, upconversion device research is primarily focused on the optical output, while electronic signals from the imager remain underutilized. Here, an organic upconversion imager that is efficient in both optical and electronic readouts, extending the capability of human and machine vision to 1400 nm, is designed and demonstrated. The imager structure incorporates interfacial layers to suppress non‐radiative recombination and provide enhanced optical upconversion efficiency and electronic detectivity. The photoresponse is comparable to state‐of‐the‐art organic infrared photodiodes exhibiting a high external quantum efficiency of ≤35% at a low bias of ≤3 V and 3 dB bandwidth of 10 kHz. The large active area of 2 cm2 enables demonstrations such as object inspection, imaging through smog, and concurrent recording of blood vessel location and blood flow pulses. These examples showcase the potential of the authors’ dual‐readout imager to directly upconvert infrared light for human visual perception and simultaneously yield electronic signals for automated monitoring applications.
Broadband Forward Light Scattering by Architectural Design of Core–Shell Silicon Particles
Authors: De Marco Maria Letizia , Jiang Taizhi , Fang Jie , Lacomme Sabrina , Zheng Yuebing , Baron Alexandre , Korgel Brian A. , Barois Philippe , Drisko Glenna L. , Aymonier Cyril 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA goal in the field of nanoscale optics is the fabrication of nanostructures with strong directional light scattering at visible frequencies. Here, the synthesis of Mie‐resonant core–shell particles with overlapping electric and magnetic dipole resonances in the visible spectrum is demonstrated. The core consists of silicon surrounded by a lower index silicon oxynitride (SiOxNy) shell of an adjustable thickness. Optical spectroscopies coupled to Mie theory calculations give the first experimental evidence that the relative position and intensity of the magnetic and electric dipole resonances are tuned by changing the core–shell architecture. Specifically, coating a high‐index particle with a low‐index shell coalesces the dipoles, while maintaining a high scattering efficiency, thus generating broadband forward scattering. This synthetic strategy opens a route toward metamaterial fabrication with unprecedented control over visible light manipulation.
Recent progress on pure organic room temperature phosphorescent polymers
Authors: Gao Hao , Ma Xiang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSo far, pure organic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials are developing rapidly and have become a research hotspot in the scientific community. They are regarded as valuable resources with great potential for development in many fields, such as biomedicine, information multi‐level encryption, smart anti‐counterfeiting, and so on. Among them, a series of pure organic RTP polymer systems emerged at the right moment based on the excellent properties of polymers such as easy processing, low cost, and good biocompatibility. Furthermore, the huge molecular weight, long‐chain intertwined structure, and potential interactions with phosphors of polymers make them a focus for RTP emission. Herein, we describe the development history of this system in detail, explore the necessary factors for highly efficient emission from the phosphorescence emission process, and based on the dual effects of enhancing phosphorescence emission and shortening luminescence lifetime brought by heavy atoms, we summarize the internal mechanism and achievements of various researches from the perspective of heavy atom–containing and non‐heavy atom systems.
Automated robotic platforms in design and development of formulations
Authors: Cao Liwei , Russo Danilo , Lapkin Alexei A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractProduct design for formulations is an active and challenging area of research. The new challenges of a fast‐paced market, products of increasing complexity, and practical translation of sustainability paradigms require to re‐examine the existing theoretical frameworks to include the advantages deriving from the new reality of digitalization of business and research. In this work, we review the existing approaches, clearly stating the role of automation and machine‐learning‐guided optimization in the broader framework. Moving from this, we review the state of the art of automated hardware and software for formulated product design, and identify the open challenges for future research. Perspectives are given on the emerging fields of automated discovery, scale‐up, and multistage optimization, and a unitary picture of the existing connections is provided, in the general context of a completely digital R&D workflow.
Nectar addition changes pollinator behavior but not plant reproduction in pollen‐rewarding Lupinus argenteus
Authors: Heiling Jacob M. , Bronstein Judith L. , Irwin Rebecca E. 
Published: February 2021

PREMISEIn addition to its role as the male gamete, pollen is often used as a food reward for pollinators. Roughly 20,000 species of angiosperms are strictly pollen‐rewarding, providing no other rewards to their pollinators. However, the influence of this strategy on pollinator behavior and plant reproduction is poorly understood, especially relative to the nectar‐reward strategy. We performed a field experiment using the strictly pollen‐rewarding Lupinus argenteus to explore how the absence of nectar influences pollinator behavior and plant reproduction.METHODSWe added artificial nectar to Lupinus argenteus individuals to simulate a phenotype that would reward pollinators with both nectar and pollen. We compared bee pollinator behavior, via direct observation, and female reproduction between nectar‐added and nectarless control plants.RESULTSBees exhibited behavioral responses to the novel reward, collecting nectar as well as pollen and spending 27% longer per flower. Pollen transfer increased with flower visit duration. However, plants in the study population were not pollen‐limited; consequently, the observed changes in pollinator behavior did not result in changes in female components of plant reproduction.CONCLUSIONSThe addition of nectar to pollen‐rewarding plants resulted in modest increases in per‐flower pollinator visit duration and pollen transfer, but had no effect on reproduction because, at the place and time the experiment was conducted, plants were not pollen‐limited. These results suggest that a pollen‐only reward strategy may allow plants that are visited by pollen foragers to minimize some costs of reproduction by eliminating investment in other rewards, such as nectar, without compromising female plant fitness.
Amphiphilic chitosan/acrylic acid/thiourea based semi‐interpenetrating hydrogel: Solvothermal synthesis and evaluation for controlled release of organophosphate pesticide, triazophos
Authors: Bhullar Navneet , Rani Sunita , Kumari Kamlesh , Sud Dhiraj 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe current study reports the solvothermal synthesis of amphiphilic chitosan‐based semi‐interpenetrating (CAT‐SIPH) hydrogel for controlled release of an organophosphate pesticide, triazophos. CAT‐SIPH is prepared from natural backbone polymer chitosan (CS) and monomer, acrylic acid (AA) employing initiator (K2S2O8), and cross‐linker, thiourea (CSN2H4) using solvothermal technique under 7 Psi pressure in an autoclave. The polymerization reaction variables like reaction time, the volume of solvent, concentration of initiator, cross‐linker, and monomer are optimized to get the best product yield in terms of percentage grafting. The optimized conditions for solvothermal polymerization reaction carried out for 60 min are solvent volume (10 ml), concentrations of acrylic acid (0.2 mol/L), K2S2O8 (0.45 × 10−2mol/L) and thiourea (1.75 × 10−4 mol/L). The swelling behavior of CAT‐SIPH hydrogel synthesized under optimized conditions is studied in the terms of swelling ratio. CAT‐SIPH is characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT‐IR), IHNMR, thermal analysis (TA), Zeta potential, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The potential of cross‐linked hydrogel CAT‐SIPH for controlled release of an organophosphate pesticide, Triazophos on to sandy loam soil is assessed. The experimental investigations proved that synthesized hydrogel can be effectively employed as a pesticide carrier for controlled release on to loamy soil as the maximum release (53%) is observed even after 25 days at pH 6 and value get lowered under acidic and basic conditions. The present investigation demonstrated the potential of chitosan‐based CAT‐SIPH hydrogel as a pH‐responsive release vehicle for agrochemicals onto the soil matrix and offers a potential solution for the prevention of surface and groundwater contamination.