bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and prognostic relevance of CXCL12 expression in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Wang Shi-sen , Xu Zi-jun , Jin Ye , Ma Ji-chun , Xia Pei-hui , Wen Xiangmei , Mao Zhen-wei , Lin Jiang , Qian Jun 
Published: July 2021

Background
Accumulating studies have been made to understand the association between CXC chemokine ligand-12 (CXCL12)/CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, large-scale data analysis of potential relationship between CXCL12 and AML remains insufficient.

Methods
We collected abundant CXCL12 expression data and AML samples from several publicly available datasets. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to quantify immune cell fractions and the online website of STRING was utilized for gene ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. The statistical analysis and graphical work were mainly performed via the R software.

Results
CXCL12 expression was extremely down-regulated in AML. Clinically, low CXCL12 expression was correlated with higher white blood cells (WBCs) (P < 0.0001), more blasts in bone marrow (BM) (P < 0.001) and peripheral blood (PB) (P < 0.0001), FLT3-internal tandem duplications (FLT3-ITD) (P = 0.010) and NPM1 mutations (P = 0.015). More importantly, reduced CXCL12 expression predicted worse overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) in all AML, non-M3-AML, and cytogenetically normal (CN)-AML patients in three independent cohorts. As for immune cell infiltration, high CXCL12 expressed groups tended to harbor more memory B cells and plasma cells infiltration while low CXCL12 expressed groups exhibited more eosinophils infiltration. GO enrichment and KEGG pathways analysis revealed the potential biological progress the gene participating in.

Conclusions
CXCL12 is significantly down-regulated in AML and low CXCL12 expression is an independent and poor predictor of AML prognosis. CXCL12 expression level correlates with clinical and immune characteristics of AML, which could provide potential assistance for treatment. Prospective studies are needed to further validate the impact of CXCL12 expression before routine clinical application in AML.
Evaluation of Pesticide Application Equipment Efficiency for Pests Control and Safety of the users, a Review
Authors: Azeez O. M. 
Published: July 2021

The technical state of the equipment used for pesticide application could guarantee effectiveness of pesticide and the safety of the users. Different types of nozzles and the portable, tractor-drawn and aerial equipment are deployed through alternative methods of application. In particular, more vital information is needed to ensure better choice of equipment, especially the nozzles, and calibration to ensure the correct dosage is applied. More concern for inherent danger has engendered health and safety legislation leading towards linking packaging of pesticides with the application equipment to provide a closed transfer system minimizing operator exposure. Synthetic pesticides are extensively deployed in the control of harmful pests and thus prevent crop yield losses or product damage in modern agriculture. Therefore pesticide of high biological activity usually exhibited long persistence in the environment and caused undesirable effects to human health. However, farmers may be exposed to the effect of pesticides even when performing activities not directly related to pesticide use. Hence, farmers can face major exposure from manual direct spray, drift from neighboring fields, or by contact with pesticide residues on the treated crop or soil. Production of cash crop is still dependent on pesticides to attain acceptable levels of high crop yield. However, poor insecticide coverage resulting from the use of inefficient application equipment, wrong timing, irregularity and wrong technique of spraying are capable of accelerating the rate at which insects develop resistance to insecticides. Hence, along with the screening of new insecticides, fungicides and herbicides, new spraying pumps are usually evaluated by the Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN), for their efficiency before they are recommended for use in the application of cocoa pesticides and spraying equipment in Nigeria.
Prevalence of Pulmonary Hypertension in Sickle Cell Anemiai Patient in KSA
Authors: Balbaid Eman AbdulAziz , Murad Manal abdulaziz , Abousada Hoda Jehad , Banjar Abdurrahman Yousuf , Taj Mashael Abdulghani , Bamohsen Nazeha Khalid , Alghubishi Somayah Ali , Alrsheedi Ahmed Jaza Mohson , Alshanbari Nada Faiez , Alsahaqi Raneem Siddiq Nasser , Alharbi Abdulmajeed Abdulaziz , Kudam Rana Abualqasim Mohammed , Alanazi Abdulmajeed Hadi , Alharbi Hassan Mansour , Alsulaimi Abdullah Matar 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a relatively common and severe complication of SCI and an independent risk factor for mortality. Sickle cell disease is considered one of the most common diseases in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. When a healthy disease related to cardiovascular health is highlighted, sickle cell anemia may be the most common and related disease in high pulmonary pressure. In this study, we aimed to determine prevalence of PHTN in SCA patient, and associated risk factors with it.
Methodology: This is an analytical cross-sectional study conducted in kingdom of Saudi Arabia (General population, SCA patient and CVD patient), from 29/7/2020 till 15/11/2020. The study was depending on online self-reported questionnaire that included assessing the demographic factors as gender, nationality besides, disease-related information: SCA patient , CVD patient and DM patient.
Results: we received 794 responses to our questionnaire where 93.5% of them were Saudi Arabian. The prevalence of sickle cell anemia is 8.8%. Male represented 29.8% of patients while female represented 52.2% of patients. In SCA patients, the prevalence of PHTN was 31.8%. Moreover, it was found that having cardiac disease is considered a risk factor for developing PHTN where 37.7% of patients having cardiac disease had PHTN compared with 6.2% of health patients (OD: 9.16, 95% CI: 5.5479 to 15.13, P=0.000) while diabetes mellitus increase risk for developing PHTN by more than seven fold (OD: 7.6, 95% CI; 4.7175 to 12.4, P=0.000) and disorder of nervous system by 12 folds (OD: 12.7; 95% CI: 7.6658 to 21.09, P=0.000).
Conclusion: we had found that the prevalence if SCA among Saudi Arabia is 8.8% with a higher prevalence in female than male. Moreover, the prevalence of PHTN in SCA patients was high about 31.8% which is much higher than its prevalence in normal individuals. Moreover, it was found that having cardiac disease is considered a risk factor for developing PHTN besides, having diabetic condition and disorder of nervous system which increased risk for developing PHTN in SCA by nine, seven and 12-fold respectively.
In vitro Comparative Quality Evaluation of Formulated and Marketed Losartan Potassium 25 Mg Tablets
Authors: Hossain Md. Emran , Hossain Sukria , Sarker Md. Shahin , Rahman Mst. Mahfuza , Wahed Mir Imam Ibne 
Published: July 2021

Background: The outcome of the drug therapy depends largely on the quality of the drug product. The lower quality of the drug product can be the reason for therapeutic failure. The present study was designed to evaluate the quality standard of Losartan Potassium tablet brands available in Bangladesh market to get an idea of quality standard of drug product people consuming in this country.
Materials and methods: Three brands of losartan potassium were chosen randomly. Tablets of each brand were collected from individual retail outlets to gauge the qualitative evaluation and compare them by in-vitro drug release study. They were subjected to various quality control tests to measure the hardness, thickness, weight variation, friability, disintegration time, potency, stability, and dissolution profile. All these tests were performed according to the U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP) specification. Researchers further formulated a batch of tablet of Losartan Potassium and compared them with the existing brands. The formulation was prepared by optimizing the existing one available in the USP. Test results of the existing brands were taken into consideration during the optimization of the formulation.
Results and discussion: Two brands passed the weight variation test, while one brand exceeded the range (±5%). The potency was determined instantly and 15 days after keeping the tablets in a stability chamber at 75% humidity and 60oC temperature. The potency of two brands degraded below the lower limit specified by the USP, while that of the remaining one was within the limits. Results of other tests were within the specified limits. Tablets prepared in the lab using an optimized formulation showed a better dissolution rate than the existing brands.
Conclusion: Some of the brands failed to meet the desired quality, so the quality control system of that companies should be upgraded and a proper monitoring system should be developed by the drug administration.
A Cross-sectional Observational Study on Pharmacoeconomic Burden of Asthma in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Authors: Hadia Rajesh , Shaikh Azrin , Ajay Twinkle , Philip Elizabeth , Joshi Dhaval , Rathod Trupal , Shah Arti , Rajput Hemraj Singh 
Published: July 2021

Background: Asthma remains one of the most common chronic respiratory diseases. Even with significant advancement in the diagnosis and management of asthma, its control remains suboptimal. As the overall health expenditures are escalating, the healthcare community has become more sensitive to the concept of Pharmacoeconomic.
Objective: We aimed to assess the healthcare cost; economic burden associated with the management of asthma.
Methodology: A Prospective Observational Study was conducted in a Hospital of Vadodara, Gujarat, India with the sample of 120 patients. Patient’s data, financial data and the healthcare cost were collected while interviewing the patient. The healthcare costs included were direct medical cost, direct non-medical cost, and indirect cost.
Result: The average costs per asthmatic patient per month with severe, moderate and mild asthma were found to be USD 65.27, USD 50.89, and USD 48.85, respectively. The average overall cost with or without co-morbidity were calculated as USD 56 and USD 38, respectively. Out of USD 53.6, the average direct medical cost was USD 29.6, the average direct non-medical cost was USD 17.4, and the average total indirect cost was USD 6.6. The mean total cost for inpatient was calculated to be USD 105.12 and for outpatient it was USD 56.09. The 43% of the population had burden of illness less than 30% and 40% of the population had burden of illness between 60-80%. Only 6.6% of population had more than 80% of Pharmacoeconomic burden of asthma.
Conclusion: In our study, it was concluded that the patients with severe asthma and/or co-morbidity have higher treatment cost. Out of the overall cost, the maximum cost borne by the patient was the direct medical cost. The hospitalization increased the total health care cost by about 47%. The 43% of the population has less than 30% of burden of asthma while only 6.67% of population had more than 80% of burden of asthma.
Impact of Physical Therapy in Patients Undergoing Modified Radical Mastectomy: A Case Report
Authors: Lalwani Shivani , Deshpande Shruti , Burhani Tasneem 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Breast Cancer is responsible for 2.09 million cases and 6,27,000 deaths worldwide, as per WHO. In India, women have one of the most common cancer, accounting for 14 per cent of all women's cancers. Numerous risk factors are present, such as ethnicity, aging, hormones, family medical history, genetic abnormalities, and unhygienic lifestyles. Side effects of cancer treatment may be alleviated by exercise interventions. Physical- therapy has been shown to be effective in post-operative situations. It improves the functioning of the patient and the quality of life.
Presenting Symptoms and Diagnosis: Main symptoms from the patient were pain in the upper extremity, lack of control, power and range of motion. The main clinical results in this case have been a severe decrease in the range of shoulder joint motion. Reduced strength in the upper extremity muscles and swelling (lymphoedema) in the upper extremity. Diagnosis of the case was Infiltrative Ductal Carcinoma that was confirmed by Ultrasonography and Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology. In such cases, behavioural approaches have been shown to be effective.
Therapeutic Intervention and Outcomes: Physical therapy intervention involves a variety of range of motion exercises, strengthening exercises, resistance conditioning, breathing exercises, lymphoedema treatment and scar management.
Conclusion: This intensive outpatient program is a successful way to enhance the mobility of the shoulder and ROM during the initial 6-week treatment cycle after surgery.
The Effectiveness of Different Clinical Methods of Application for In-office Bleaching Materials with Hydrogen Peroxide: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alghulikah Khaled , Alahmed Ahmed Abdulrahman , Muattish Arwa Zaid Bin , Almazyad Aseel Ahmad , Almalki Meshal Abdullah , Almaliki Ohood Ayoob 
Published: July 2021

Background: In the past few years, there has been an increase in demand for esthetic dental treatment. Vital tooth-bleaching is one of the most popular cosmetic procedures requested by patients in daily dental practice. There are various materials and protocols for treating discolored teeth since the introduction of vital tooth-bleaching to dental practice. In-office bleaching can be performed clinically using hydrogen peroxide alone or it can be combined with carbamide peroxide as a home bleaching technique. Hence the aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of different application protocols.
Methodology: A comprehensive search was performed using online databases (PubMed and ADA Center for Evidence-Based Dentistry) to obtain clinical trials relevant to the research question. The readers validated the studies that met the inclusion criteria. The included studies were evaluated using the risk of bias assessment instrument. In addition, the strength of recommendation of clinical trials was evaluated using Ex-GRADE.
Results: After reviewing 89 studies, duplicates were removed and inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Finally 10 clinical studies were accepted in this review. Acceptable sampling was performed to obtain the clinical trials with strong evidence.
Conclusion: A qualitative assessment for the included studies proved the hypothesis of the research in that the best clinical outcomes of in-office bleaching is achieved with a single application of hydrogen peroxide.
Who are less likely to return to work after getting injured on duty? A 12-month epidemiological evaluation in an orthopedic and traumatology center in Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Daniel Wai-yip , Kwok Anthony Wai-leung , Wong Yiu-chung 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Cases of injury on duty (IOD) are common in Hong Kong, but literature on this group of patients is limited. This study aims to describe local IOD cases’ epidemiological characteristics and identify factors affecting return to work (RTW) outcomes.

Methods
This is a retrospective epidemiological study of IOD patients in the orthopedic and traumatology center of Yan Chai Hospital in 2016, using the hospital’s electronic clinical record analysis and reporting system; 323 out of the 10 730 patients (M:F = 206:117; mean age 46.9 ± 11.3) were included. Data on demographics, the injury episode, administrative procedures, treatment and rehabilitation were collected. Outcomes were measured by “RTW” and “time to RTW from injury.”

Results
Around 80% of patients had a successful RTW and the mean time to RTW was 10.6 ± 9.0 months. Patients who were female, divorced or widowed and living alone in a public rental flat were less likely to RTW. Psychiatric consultations (OR 13.70, P &lt; .001), legal disputes (OR 8.20, P &lt; .001) and more than 5 months of waiting time for physiotherapy (OR 3.89, P = .002) were the strongest among the numerous risk factors for non-RTW. An increase in one visit to the general outpatient clinic and the presence of legal disputes had lengthened the time to RTW by 4.8 days (P &lt; .001) and 18.0 months (P &lt; .001), respectively.

Conclusions
Several demographic, psychosocial and administrative factors were negatively associated with RTW in the local population. Recommendations were made for healthcare providers and policymakers accordingly.
The use of collimator angle optimization and jaw tracking for VMAT‐based single‐isocenter multiple‐target stereotactic radiosurgery for up to six targets in the Varian Eclipse treatment planning system
Authors: Pudsey Lauren M. M. , Cutajar Dean , Wallace Alex , Saba Anastasia , Schmidt Laurel , Bece Andrej , Clark Catherine , Yamada Yoshiya , Biasi Giordano , Rosenfeld Anatoly , Poder Joel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeIsland blocking occurs in single‐isocenter multiple‐target (SIMT) stereotactic radiotherapy (SRS) whenever targets share multi‐leaf collimator (MLC) leaf pairs. This study investigated the effect on plan quality and delivery, of reducing island blocking through collimator angle optimization (CAO). In addition, the effect of jaw tracking in this context was also investigated.MethodsFor CAO, an algorithm was created that selects the collimator angle resulting in the lowest level of island blocking, for each beam in any given plan. Then, four volume‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT) SIMT SRS plans each were generated for 10 retrospective patients: two CAO plans, with and without jaw tracking, and two plans with manually selected collimator angles, with and without jaw tracking. Plans were then assessed and compared using typical quality assurance procedures.ResultsThere were no substantial differences between plans with and without CAO. Jaw tracking produced statistically significant reduction in low‐dose level parameters; healthy brain V10% and mean dose were reduced by 9.66% and 15.58%, respectively. However, quantitative values (108 cc for V10% and 0.35 Gy for mean dose) were relatively small in relation to clinical relevance. Though there were no statistically significant changes in plan deliverability, there was a notable trend of plans with jaw tracking having lower gamma analysis pass rates.ConclusionThese findings suggest that CAO has limited benefit in VMAT SIMT SRS of 2–6 targets when using a low‐dose penalty to the healthy brain during plan optimization in Eclipse. As clinical benefits of jaw tracking were found to be minimal and plan deliverability was potentially reduced, a cautious approach would be to exclude jaw tracking in SIMT SRS plans.
Meaning and purpose in Huntington’s disease: a longitudinal study of its impact on quality of life
Authors: Sokol Leonard L. , Troost Jonathan P. , Kluger Benzi M. , Applebaum Allison J. , Paulsen Jane S. , Bega Danny , Frank Samuel , Hauser Joshua M. , Boileau Nicholas R. , Depp Colin A. , Cella David , Carlozzi Noelle E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivePrevious work in Huntington’s disease (HD) has shown that a sense of meaning and purpose (M&P) is positively associated with positive affect and well‐being (PAW); however, it was unknown whether HD‐validated patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) influence this association and how M&P impacts PROs in the future. Our study was designed to examine if HD‐validated PROs moderate the relationship between M&P and PAW and to evaluate if baseline M&P predicts 12‐ and 24‐month changes in HD‐validated PROs.MethodsThis was a longitudinal, multicenter study to develop several PROs (e.g., specific for the physical, emotional, cognitive, and social domains) for people with HD (HDQLIFE). The sample consisted of 322 people with HD (n = 50 prodromal, n = 171 early‐stage manifest, and n = 101 late‐stage manifest HD). A single, multivariate linear mixed‐effects model was performed with PAW as the outcome predicted by main effects for M&P and several moderators (i.e., an HD‐validated PRO) and interactions between M&P and a given PRO. Linear‐mixed models were also used to assess if baseline M&P predicted HD‐validated PROs at 12 and 24 months.ResultsHigher M&P was positively associated with higher PAW regardless of the magnitude of symptom burden, as represented by HD‐validated PROs, and independent of disease stage. In our primary analysis, baseline M&P predicted increased PAW and decreased depression, anxiety, anger, emotional/behavioral disruptions, and cognitive decline at 12 and 24 months across all disease stages.InterpretationThese findings parallel those seen in the oncology population and have implications for adapting and developing psychotherapeutic and palliative HD interventions.
High‐Temperature Ultrafast Sintering: Exploiting a New Kinetic Region to Fabricate Porous Solid‐State Electrolyte Scaffolds
Authors: Wang Ruiliu , Dong Qi , Wang Chengwei , Hong Min , Gao Jinlong , Xie Hua , Guo Miao , Ping Weiwei , Wang Xizheng , He Shuaiming , Luo Jian , Hu Liangbing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSolid‐state batteries (SSBs) promise better safety and potentially higher energy density than the conventional liquid‐ or gel‐based ones. In practice, the implementation of SSBs often necessitates 3D porous scaffolds made by ceramic solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs). Herein, a general and facile method to sinter 3D porous scaffolds with a range of ceramic SSEs on various substrates at high temperature in seconds is reported. The high temperature enables rapid reactive sintering toward the desired crystalline phase and expedites the surface diffusion of grains for neck growth; meanwhile, the short sintering duration limits the coarsening, thus accurately controlling the degree of densification to preserve desired porous structures, as well as reducing the loss of volatile elements. As a proof‐of‐concept, a composite SSE with a good ionic conductivity (i.e., ≈1.9 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature) is demonstrated by integrating poly(ethylene oxide) with the 3D porous Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12 scaffold sintered by this method. This method opens a new door toward sintering a variety of ceramic‐SSE‐based 3D scaffolds for all‐solid‐state battery applications.
Self‐Assembling Films of Covalent Organic Frameworks Enable Long‐Term, Efficient Cycling of Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Park Jun Heuk , Kwak Myung‐Jun , Hwang Chihyun , Kang Kyeong‐Nam , Liu Nian , Jang Ji‐Hyun , Grzybowski Bartosz A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDespite their safety, nontoxicity, and cost‐effectiveness, zinc aqueous batteries still suffer from limited rechargeability and poor cycle life, largely due to spontaneous surface corrosion and formation of large Zn dendrites by irregular and uneven plating and stripping. In this work, these untoward effects are minimized by covering Zn electrodes with ultrathin layers of covalent organic frameworks, COFs. These nanoporous and mechanically flexible films form by self‐assembly—via the straightforward and scalable dip‐coating technique—and permit efficient mass and charge transport while suppressing surface corrosion and growth of large Zn dendrites. The batteries demonstrated have excellent capacity retention and stable polarization voltage for over 420 h of cycling at 1 mA cm−2. The COF films essential for these improvements can be readily deposited over large areas and curvilinear supports, enabling, for example, foldable wire‐type batteries.