bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards a common approach for managing food allergy and serious allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) at school. GA2LEN and EFA consensus statement
Authors: Deschildre Antoine , Alvaro‐Lozano Montserrat , Muraro Antonella , Podesta Marcia , de Silva Debra , Giovannini Mattia , Barni Simona , Dribin Timothy E. , Sandoval‐Ruballos Mónica , Anagnostou Aikaterini , Fiocchi Alessandro , Toniolo Alice , Bird Andrew , Sanz Angel Sánchez , Asarnoj Anna , Nowak‐Wegrzyn Anna , Vlieg‐Boerstra Berber , Vickery Brian P. , Venter Carina , Nilsson Caroline , Parente Cecilia , Demoulin Céline , Fleischer David M. , Bijlhout Diola , Knol Edward F. , Garrow Eleanor , Cook Emma E. , Schultz Fallon , Lazzarotto Francesca , Mori Francesca , Wong Gary , Lack Gideon , Roberts Graham , Marino Gustavo Andres , Elberink H. N. G. Oude , Brough Helen A. , Sampson Hugh A. , Lieberman Jay , Gerdts Jennifer , Zhao Jing , Gradman Josefine , Upton Julia E. M. , Wang Julie , Palosuo Kati , Järvinen Kirsi M. , Beyer Kirsten , Shen Kunling , Polloni Laura , Mandelbaum Lianne , Tanno Luciana Kase , Bilaver Lucy A. , Shaker Marcus S. , Worm Margitta , Said Maria , Kelly Mary , Marchisotto Mary Jane , Makris Michael , Odemyr Mikaela , Fernandez‐Rivas Montserrat , Ebisawa Motohiro , Patel Nandinee , Rodríguez del Río Pablo , Vichyanond Pakit , Turner Paul , Smith Pete , Gaspar Pilar Morón , Chinthrajah R. Sharon , Rachid Rima , Bonaguro Roberta , Gupta Ruchi , Schnadt Sabine , Sato Sakura , Arasi Stefania , Leonard Stephanie , Poblete Sung , Halken Susanne , Le Thuy‐My , Pouessel Guillaume , Dunn Tracey , Cardona Victoria , Zuberbier Torsten 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGA2LEN and EFA propose minimum specifications for all industrialised countries/regions to work towards to support students with food allergies in educational settings. We reviewed research and legislation and gained feedback from over 100 patient and professional groups. We built shared expectations around: 1. training all school staff about what food allergy is, the symptoms of allergic reactions, what to do in an emergency, and when and how to use and store devices that laypeople can use to administer adrenaline (epinephrine). 2. preventing allergic reactions by using clear labelling on school menus and prepacked and non‐prepacked foods and regular cleaning where students eat. 3. preparing for serious allergic reactions, with written emergency action plans for every student with food allergies, legislation allowing schools to store adrenaline for anyone who needs it in an emergency (not just those prescribed it), and training and legal safeguards for staff administering adrenaline. 4. including affected students by discussing food allergy in the curriculum, raising awareness among all students and caregivers and reviewing school processes regularly. It is time for national and international action at the policy level. Patient groups, education networks and professional societies all play a role in campaigning for shared next steps.
Product Oriented Upcycling of Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate Plastic and Carbon Dioxide via Decoupled Electrolysis
Authors: Kong Wei , Ren Yue , Zou Kang , Han Zishan , Zhang Yixuan , Zhou Hua , Shao Mingfei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEnd‐of‐life plastics and carbon dioxide (CO2) are anthropogenic waste carbon resources; it is imperative to develop efficient technologies to convert them to value‐added products. Here we report the upcycling of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic and CO2 toward valuable potassium diformate, terephthalic acid, and H2 fuel via decoupled electrolysis. This product‐oriented process is realized by two electrolyzers: (1) a solid‐state‐electrolyte based CO2 electrolyzer and (2) a solid‐polymer‐electrolyte‐based PET electrolyzer. Using a bismuth‐based catalyst, the CO2 electrolyzer showed more than 140 h continuous operation at current of 250 mA, resulting in 850 mL pure HCOOH solution with a concentration of 683 mM. Furthermore, we constructed a solid‐polymer‐electrolyte electrolyzer with an electrode area of 50 cm2 for the electrooxidation of ethylene glycol to formate, achieving 30 A of current at ~1.9 V cell voltage and 80 % formate Faradaic efficiency. With this electrolyzer, we demonstrated the efficient transformation of PET hydrolysate to a mixture of terephthalate and formate. Additionally, combining CO2 derived HCOOH and PET electrolyte, we obtained recycled terephthalic acid and potassium diformate. This work provides an integrated strategy for the valorization of waste carbon resources with less using external resources.
Exploring the Protective Mechanisms of Chayote (Sechium edule) Juice in Mitigating Streptozotocin‐Induced Pancreatic Dysfunction
Authors: Jeon Yoon A. , Natraj Premkumar , Paik Soo‐Heui , Kim Seong Cheol , Lee Young Jae 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTChayote (Sechium edule) has been traditionally used in Mexico to manage diabetes, owing to its hypoglycemic, anti‐oxidant, and anti‐inflammatory properties. However, the specific effects and mechanisms of chayote juice (SEJ) in preventing pancreatic dysfunction remain underexplored. This study investigated the pancreatic protective effects and underlying mechanisms of SEJ in multiple low‐dose streptozotocin (MLD‐STZ)‐induced diabetic mouse model and H2O2‐treated mouse insulinoma cell line (MIN‐6). C57BL/6 mice were administered MLD‐STZ to induce pancreatic dysfunction and treated with SEJ. Diabetic parameters, pancreatic islet morphology, and protein expressions were evaluated. H2O2‐treated MIN‐6 cells were used to assess SEJ's protective mechanisms at the cellular level. Molecular docking studies were performed to elucidate interactions between SEJ phenolic compounds and key proteins involved in oxidative stress. SEJ significantly preserved pancreatic islet structure and insulin levels, reducing blood glucose levels. Mechanistically, SEJ suppressed the expression of apoptosis markers (caspase‐3, PARP, BAX) and inflammatory markers (NF‐κB, iNOS, NLRP3) in the pancreas and MIN6 cells, indicating protection of the pancreas and β‐cells. Furthermore, SEJ upregulates endogenous anti‐oxidant proteins (Nrf‐2, HO‐1), which are essential for mitigating oxidative stress‐induced cell stress in diabetes circumstances. Molecular docking indicated that vicenin‐2 in SEJ exhibit strong binding affinities to KEAP‐1, Nrf‐2, and HO‐1 proteins. SEJ demonstrates substantial pancreatic protective effects through its anti‐oxidant, anti‐apoptotic, and anti‐inflammatory actions. These findings suggest that chayote juice could be developed as a functional food for diabetes management.
Glycosyl Esters as Stable Donors in Chemical Glycosylation
Authors: Pareek Sumit , Mandadi Pavan , Rao Sanapala Someswara 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEfficient glycosylation methods are continuously being developed to obtain homogeneously pure carbohydrates to study their biological roles. The development of effective and stereoselective glycosylations using novel anomeric leaving groups constitutes an active area of research in synthetic carbohydrate chemistry. Although various glycosyl donors have been developed over the decades, anomeric esters as donors in glycosylation have received significant attention in recent times due to their convenience of preparation, shelf stability, catalytic activation, mild conditions, and high glycosylation efficiency. We focus in this review on several synthetic strategies for the assembly of the glycosyl ester‐containing donors utilized in chemical glycosylation methods, including simple esters, alkenyl, alkynyl‐containing esters, carbonate esters, chelation‐assisted glycosyl esters, allenyl and ynenoate glycosyl esters in glycoside synthesis are summarized.
Clinical characteristics, etiology, and treatment of young adult‐onset epilepsy: A 24‐year retrospective study
Authors: Zhang Xu , Xiang Feng , Wang Ziyu , Li Yang , Shao Chenjing , Lan Xiaoyang , Lang Senyang , Wang Xiangqing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the clinical characteristics, etiology, drug treatment, and related factors of patients with young adult‐onset epilepsy.MethodsThe study included patients with epilepsy aged between 18 and 44 years and aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics of epilepsy in young people and their response to antiseizure medication (ASM) over a 24‐year period (February 1999 and March 2023).ResultsA total of 4227 patients experienced epilepsy onset between 18 and 44 years of age. The median age of onset was 26 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 21–33), and the median duration from the first seizure to starting treatment was 3 months (IQR: 1.0–6.0). Structural etiology was the most common cause of epilepsy, accounting for 43.2% (1827/4227) of cases, of which head trauma and a history of craniotomy accounted for 64.9% (1186/1827). However, these two causes did not necessarily result in prompt medication or poor epilepsy control. Co‐morbid cognitive decline was more prevalent than headache and anxiety/depression. Multifactorial regression analysis showed that the factors associated with poor seizure control included longer seizure duration (odds ratio [OR] 1.85; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.58‐2.16; p < 0.001), electroencephalography (EEG) epileptic discharge (OR 1.37; 95% CI 1.17–1.67; p < 0.001), focal seizure (OR 1.69; 95% CI 1.38–2.07; p < 0.001), and seizure clusters (OR 3.35; 95% CI 2.70–4.15; p < 0.001). Initiating treatment after two seizures (OR, 1.18; 95% CI 0.98–1.15; p = .08) or 6 months after the first seizure (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.67–1.03; p = .09) did not worsen effectiveness.SignificanceYoung adult‐onset epilepsy was frequently caused by head trauma or craniotomies. Co‐morbid cognitive decline was more prevalent than headache and anxiety/depression. The median time from the first seizure to follow‐up treatment was 3 months (IQR: 1.0–6.0). Initiating treatment after two seizures did not necessarily indicate poor drug effectiveness.Plain Language SummaryIn this article, we observed that young adult‐onset epilepsy was mainly caused by head trauma and craniotomy; co‐morbid cognitive decline was more common. The median duration from first seizure to initiation of treatment for young‐onset epilepsy was 3 months, and more than one‐third of patients experienced more than two seizures prior to treatment, but this factor had no effect on the drug effectiveness.
The Trend of Utilization of Dental and Oral Health Services Among Children in Iran During 2019–2021: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Tusi Somayeh Khoramian , Pouragha Behrooz , Hasanpoor Edris , Nazari Morteza 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsOral health issues present substantial obstacles for children and teenagers globally, affecting their holistic health. With Iranian children experiencing a high prevalence of dental cavities, understanding their utilization of dental services and the influencing factors is essential. Therefore, this study examined the utilization of dental and oral health services by children aged 6 to 14 at healthcare centers in Karaj, Iran, in 2019–2021.MethodsThis descriptive cross‐sectional study included 361 children between 6 and 14 years old who visited healthcare centers in Karaj for dental services. The researchers developed a questionnaire to collect data. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS‐21 software, Smirnov–Kolmogorov, and Spearman's correlation test.ResultsAnalysis of the data indicated that the utilization of dental and oral health services had significant correlations with the place of residence (p < 0.001), the father's education (p < 0.05), the number of children in the family (p < 0.005), and insurance coverage (p < 0.05). However, household income and the mother's education had no significant relationship with the utilization of dental and oral health services for the children in healthcare centers (p > 0.05).ConclusionsAdvocate for policies promoting oral health equity, addressing dental service access disparities, and supporting preventive measures in underserved communities, provision of insurance coverage for dental services can lead to improving the oral health of children.
Assessing the performance of chest x‐ray screening in detecting early‐stage lung cancer in the general population
Authors: Chei Choy‐Lye , Nakamura Sho , Watanabe Kaname , Mizutani Takashi , Narimatsu Hiroto 
Published: December 2024

AbstractChest x‐ray (CXR) is widely used for lung cancer screening in Japan. We evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of CXR in detecting early lung cancer and its histological types. We cross‐referenced lung cancer municipality screening data with the regional cancer registry database. The results of individuals screened at least once from 2016 to 2018 were utilized to calculate CXR's sensitivity and specificity for lung cancer diagnosed within 1 year of screening (n = 161,251) by stage and its histological types. We stratified analyses based on sex, age, smoking status, first screening, and screening intervals. CXR's sensitivity and specificity for early‐stage lung cancer were 73.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 66.8–79.6) and 94.1% (95% CI, 94.0–94.2), respectively. No significant differences were found in sex or smoking status. The sensitivity for early‐stage adenocarcinoma was 76.0% (95% CI, 68.3–82.7), which was higher than that for early‐stage squamous cell carcinoma (70.4% [95% CI, 67.3–86.0]). However, no significant differences were observed (p = .532). No significant differences were found in sex or smoking status for early‐stage adenocarcinoma or early‐stage squamous cell carcinoma. Due to its moderate sensitivity and high specificity, CXR could be a useful tool for mass screening in the general population. However, because CXR failed to detect 26.4% of early‐stage cases, practitioners should inform high‐risk patients of other screening options.
Life expectancy in rare histological prostate cancer subtypes
Authors: Siech Carolin , de Angelis Mario , Jannello Letizia Maria Ippolita , Di Bello Francesco , Rodriguez Peñaranda Natali , Goyal Jordan A. , Tian Zhe , Saad Fred , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Puliatti Stefano , Longo Nicola , de Cobelli Ottavio , Briganti Alberto , Wenzel Mike , Mandel Philipp , Kluth Luis A. , Chun Felix K. H. , Karakiewicz Pierre I. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSurvival differences in rare histological prostate cancer (PCa) subtypes relative to age‐matched population‐based controls are unknown. Within Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2004–2020), newly diagnosed (2004–2015) PCa patients were identified. Relying on the Social Security Administration Life Tables (2004–2020) with 5 years of follow‐up, age‐matched population‐based controls (Monte Carlo simulation) were simulated for each patient. Kaplan–Meier analyses addressed survival rates. Of 582,220 patients, 580,368 (99.68%) harbored acinar, 867 (0.15%) ductal, 534 (0.09%) neuroendocrine, 368 (0.07%) mucinous, and 83 (0.01%) signet ring cell carcinoma. The metastatic stage was most prevalent in neuroendocrine (62%). In the localized stage, the overall survival difference at 5 years of follow‐up was greatest in neuroendocrine (22% vs. 72%), signet ring cell (78% vs. 84%), and ductal carcinoma (71% vs. 77%). In the locally advanced stage, overall survival difference was greatest in neuroendocrine (16% vs. 79%), signet ring cell (75% vs. 91%), ductal (78% vs. 84%), and mucinous carcinoma (84% vs. 90%). In the metastatic stage, the overall survival difference was greatest in neuroendocrine (3% vs. 81%), mucinous (26% vs. 84%), and acinar carcinoma (27% vs. 85%). Regardless of stage, neuroendocrine carcinoma patients exhibit the least favorable life expectancy compared with population‐based controls. Conversely, all other rare histological PCa subtypes do not meaningfully affect life expectancy in localized or locally advanced stages, except for locally advanced signet ring cell adenocarcinoma.
The therapeutic effects of induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived mesenchymal stem cells on Parkinson's disease
Authors: Ren Hao , Wang Yuwei , Chen Yingying , Ma Feilong , Shi Qing , Wang Zichen , Gui Yaoting , Liu Jianbo , Tang Huiru 
Published: December 2024

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD), characterized by progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra, has no disease‐modifying therapy. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has shown great promise as a disease‐modifying solution for PD. Induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived MSC (iMSC) not only has stronger neural repair function, but also helps solve the problem of MSC heterogeneity. So we evaluated the therapeutic effects of iMSCs on PD. iMSCs were administered by tail vein in 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine‐induced PD models of C57BL/6 mice. The results showed iMSCs increased body weights, inhibited the prolongation of latencies to descend in pole tests, the decrease of grip strength in grip strength tests and increase of open arm entries in elevated plus maze test, and showed a trend to alleviate striatal dopamine loss. They indicate iMSCs might improve functions partially by preserving striatal dopamine in PD. We for the first time (1) found that iMSC has therapeutic effects on PD; (2) tested specifically muscle strength in cell therapy for PD and found it increases muscle strength; (3) found cell therapy alleviated the increase of entries into the open arms in PD. It suggests iMSC is a promising candidate for clinical investigations and drug development for PD.
Primary Cilia Regulate the Homeostasis and Regeneration of the Stem Cell Niche in the Tooth
Authors: Zhang Xinming , Cao Yuxin , Wang Mengge , Li Yujia , Yin Hanxiao , Ni Hua , Yang Song , Yu Fan , Yang Jia , Peng Lisu , Hu Meilin , Li Dengwen , Liu Dayong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPrimary cilia, functioning as crucial hubs for signal sensing and transduction, are integral to the development and maintenance of homeostasis across various organs. However, their roles in tooth homeostasis and repair remain inadequately understood. In this study, we reveal an indispensable role for primary cilia in regulating the homeostasis and regeneration of teeth, primarily through the regulation of cell proliferation. Using cilium‐deficient mice, we demonstrate that disruption of ciliary homeostasis leads to abnormal tooth morphology, stunted growth and notably impaired tooth repair. RNA sequencing reveals a dysregulation in genes associated with various biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and cycle regulation. Furthermore, we show that cilium‐deficient mice display reduced cell proliferation. Our findings highlight a critical function for primary cilia in the regulation of tooth homeostasis and regeneration and have important implications for the development of tooth regeneration therapies.
Management Outcomes of Variceal Bleeding in Northern Tanzania: Insights From a Single‐Center Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Nziku Eliada B. , Mkwizu Elifuraha W. , Sadiq Abid M. , Said Fuad H. , Eliah Doreen T. , Muhina Ibrahim Ali Ibrahim , Mirai Tumaini E. , Lyamuya Furaha S. , Chamba Nyasatu G. , Shao Elichilia R. , Kilonzo Kajiru G. , Urasa Sarah J. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimsDue to the expensiveness and unavailability of endoscopy management in Tanzania, the management outcomes of variceal bleeding are unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the management outcomes of patients with variceal bleeding.MethodsThis was a retrospective study conducted between April 2012 and April 2022. The study enrolled all patients diagnosed with variceal bleeding aged 18 years and older. Socio‐demographic and clinic characteristics, treatment modalities, and outcomes were collected. Statistical analysis was done using a chi‐square test. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with rebleeding and mortality. A p‐value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsA total of 534 patients were enrolled based on diagnostic endoscopy findings. Esophageal varices were identified in 88.9% of patients, gastric varices in 0.9%, and 10.1% had both. Conservative treatment was given to 77.5% of patients, and endoscopic treatment was performed in 22.5%: endoscopic variceal ligation (17.6%), endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (4.3%), and both (0.6%). Rebleeding occurred in 40.1%, and factors associated with rebleeding were patients without insurance (p = 0.037), without comorbidities (p = 0.042), with non‐communicable diseases (p = 0.039), and with chronic infections (p = 0.035). In‐hospital mortality was 8.1%, and factors associated with mortality were a shorter length of stay (p = 0.045), patients without comorbidities (p = 0.041), and grade II esophageal varices (p = 0.043).ConclusionThis study shows a high rate of variceal bleeding among patients treated conservatively. Mortality and rebleeding rates in our setting remain high, which appears to be due to the expensiveness and unavailability of endoscopic treatment. Available endoscopic interventions will be vital in improving the outcomes of patients with variceal bleeding.
Rapid and Sensitive Digital Droplet PCR Assays for Detecting HPV16 DNA in Liquid Biopsies
Authors: Loo Suet Kee , Feng Jian , Reeder Carly , Elias Danny Azmi , Xu Zhongping , Huang Yufei , Contrera Kevin J. , Zevallos Jose P. , Ferris Robert , Gao Shou‐Jiang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe combination of cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) and digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) has significantly advanced the noninvasive screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of diseases, enabling highly sensitive and absolute quantification of target nucleic acids even in the presence of high background DNA. However, widespread adoption of ddPCR is hindered by higher costs, extended processing times, and the requirement for cfDNA purification, which adds expense and variability. To address these limitations, we developed two optimized ddPCR‐based assays tailored for enhanced sensitivity, cost‐efficiency, and ease of use. Our highly sensitive ddPCR assay for human papilloma virus (HPV)16 DNA detection in purified cfDNA from liquid biopsies from head and neck cancer patients significantly improved sensitivity by increasing cfDNA concentration by 8.5‐fold, sample volume loading by 22‐fold, and total cfDNA amount tested by 1200‐fold without the need for restriction enzyme digestion. In parallel, we established a rapid ddPCR assay using unpurified cfDNA processed by heat treatment and centrifugation, achieving detection concordance rates of 55.6%, 66.7%, and 95.8% for plasma, serum, and surgical drain fluid (SDF), respectively, compared to purified cfDNA. Together, these complementary workflows, one optimized for unpurified cfDNA and the other for purified cfDNA, make ddPCR detection of specific targets in cfDNA more cost‐effective, time‐efficient, and standardizable across laboratories, paving the way for broader adoption in clinical diagnostics.