bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The efficacy and safety of small incision open reduction and intramedullary nail fixation surgery in the treatment of simple tibial shaft fracture
Authors: shi chen , hai he shan , lei zhang xiao , cheng xu chun , cheng yang jian , chuan hong , nan yu jia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of small incision open reduction and intramedullary nail internal fixation surgery in the treatment of simple tibial shaft fracture compared to the closed reduction surgery. Methods: A total of fifty patients with simple tibial shaft fractures admitted to our hospital were randomly and equally assigned into the observation group and the control group. Patients in the observation group received small incision open reduction surgery with intramedullary nail while patients in the control group received the closed reduction surgery. The clinical efficacy, prognosis as well as safety profile were compared between the two groups. Results: Our data indicated that the average bleeding volume of patients in the observation group was increased while the operation time was decreased compared to the control group. No significant difference of postoperative complications, fracture healing time, and Johner-Wruhs scores was identified between the two groups. Conclusion: The small incision open reduction surgery can significantly shorten the operation time while achieved a similar clinical efficacy compared to the closed reduction surgery in simple tibial shaft fracture.
Evaluation of a National Programme to Enhance Shared Decision-Making Skills among Junior Medical Doctors in Denmark: A Mixed Methods Study of Satisfaction, Usefulness, and Dissemination of Learning Outcomes in Clinical Practice
Authors: Jacobsen Maria Helene , Sommer Cecilie , Wernberg Siw Anna , Schultz Helga , Hjortø Sofie Charlotte Fage , Kristiansen Maria 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

Shared Decision-Making (SDM) is a cornerstone in patient-centred care and there is an increase in programmes aiming to enhance clinicians’ abilities to engage in SDM. However, the evidence of such programmes’ effectiveness on clinicians’ use of SDM in clinical practice is sparse. The SDM Ambassador course, developed and facilitated by the Danish Association of Junior Doctors in Denmark (Junior Doctors Denmark) is a Danish SDM training programme for junior medical doctors (JMDs). This study aims to evaluate the SDM Ambassador course, with a focus satisfaction, usefulness, and dissemination of learning outcomes in clinical practice.
Methods

This study is a mixed methods study consisting of an online survey followed by semi-structured interviews. The participants of this study were JMDs who had trained to be SDM ambassadors between May 2016 and September 2020 (n=185). The ambassadors were invited to participate in the survey and 112 ambassadors completed the survey, corresponding to a response rate of 61%. Descriptive statistics and χ2-tests were conducted. Subsequently, purposive sampling was used to identify 10 ambassadors for interviews. The interviews were transcribed, encoded and subsequently analysed thematically. Finally, the quantitative and qualitative results were integrated.
Results

Overall, the ambassadors were satisfied with their learning outcomes and experienced a greater capacity to unfold the perspectives of their patients. A majority (79%) reported that they had used SDM in their clinical practice with patients, and 59% had disseminated SDM to their colleagues. The usefulness and dissemination of learning outcomes in the clinic were shaped by the ambassadors’ perceptions of their moderate professional experience, and constrained by structural and cultural conditions in the context of their clinical practice.
Conclusion

Despite overall satisfaction with their learning outcomes, several ambassadors experienced conditions constraining the translation of their learning outcomes into clinical practice. To improve the efficacy of the training programme, continuous refresher courses should be added while enhanced support at organisational and political levels is necessary for SDM to become an integral feature of the clinical encounter.
Trial registration:
Not applicable.
Sounds of Stress: Assessment of Relationships between Ambient Noise, Vessel Traffic, and Gray whale Stress Hormone
Authors: Lemos Leila S. , Haxel Joseph H. , Olsen Amy , Burnett Jonathan D. , Smith Angela , Chandler Todd E. , Nieukirk Sharon L. , Larson Shawn E. , Hunt Kathleen E. , Torres Leigh G. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Elevated noise from human activities in nature can impact animal behavior and physiology, with subsequent impacts on individual health and population dynamics. Baleen whale communication, navigation, habitat use, and ability to recognize and locate prey and predators may be impaired by anthropogenic activities that increase ocean noise within the whales' hearing frequency range. To understand the physiological impacts of noise disturbance on baleen whales, we investigated the adrenal stress response of gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) to variable ambient noise levels through an assessment of fecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations. This analysis was conducted at the individual level, at multiple temporal scales (1-7 days), and accounted for factors that may confound glucocorticoid hormone concentrations: sex, age, nutritional status, and reproductive state. Data were collected along the Oregon coast, USA, from June to October of 2016-2018. Results indicate a significant positive correlation between underwater noise levels and vessel traffic. Vessel counts from the day prior to fecal sample collection and sex had significant positive relationships with glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations. This study increases knowledge of gray whale physiological response to variable ocean noise and may inform management decisions regarding regulations of anthropogenic noise activities and thresholds near critical whale habitats.
Tumor RNA-Transfected Dendritic Cells Generated From Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Induces Anti-Tumor Immunity
Authors: Maruoka Shimpei , Ojima Toshiyasu , Iwamoto Hiromitsu , Kitadani Junya , Tabata Hirotaka , Tominaga Shinta , Katsuda Masahiro , Hayata Keiji , Takeuchi Akihiro , Yamaue Hiroki 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Significant efficacy of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in generating DCs for cancer vaccine therapy was suggested in our previous studies. In clinical application of DC vaccine therapy, however, few DC vaccine systems have shown strong clinical response. To enhance immunogenicity in the DC vaccine, we transfected patient-derived iPSDCs with in vitro transcriptional RNA (ivtRNA), which was obtained from tumors of three patients with colorectal cancer.We investigated iPSDCs-ivtRNA which were induced by transfecting ivtRNA obtained from tumors of three colorectal cancer patients, and examined its antitumor effect. Moreover, we analyzed neoantigens expressed in colorectal cancer cells and examined whether iPSDCs-ivtRNA induced cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) against the predicted neoantigens.CTLs activated by iPSDCs-ivtRNA exhibited cytotoxic activity against the tumor spheroids in all three patients with colorectal cancer. Whole-exome sequencing revealed 1251 nonsynonymous mutations and 2155 neoantigens (IC50 <500 nM) were predicted. For IFN-γ ELISPOT assay, these candidate neoantigens were further prioritised and 12 candidates were synthesized. IFN-γ ELISPOT assay revealed that the CTLs induced by iPSDCs-ivtRNA responded to one of the candidate neoantigens.In vitro CTLs obtained by transfecting tumor-derived RNA into iPSDCs derived from three patients with colorectal cancer showed potent tumor-specific killing effect.
Role of Chest Tomography Combined With Prognostic Indices for Severity Classification in Patients With SARS-CoV2 Pneumonia. Beyond Vaccination There Are Disease.
Authors: Criales-Vera Sergio Andres , Saucedo-Orozco Huitzilihuitl , Iturralde-Torres Pedro , Medina Estefanía Dávila- , Martinez-Mota Gustavo , Guarner-Lans Veronica , Perez-Torres Israel , Soto Maria Elena 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The initial evaluation of patients with COVID-19 represents a challenge to regulate a decision in preventive and timely management. There are various proposals as support tools that deserve to be evaluated.Aim. Evaluation of Chest CT Score performance and prognostic indices in COVID-19 patients to predict progress to critical illness.Methods. This was a retrospective study run from April to December 2020. Patients of any age and gender and who required hospitalization due to a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 by RT-PCR and Chest CT, were included. Demographic, characteristics prognosis indexes and laboratory were analyzed. Patients with acute coronary ischemic syndrome (ACS), acute heart failure, those who developed critical illness in the first 24 hours, and those with no RT-PCR result were excluded. Critical illness was defined by the need for supplemental oxygen and / or death during the hospitalization.Results. 109 patients were included. The mean age was 53.88 ± 13.51 years. In 75% of them, there was at least one comorbidity and 30% developed critical illness. In 49.5% there was a CORADS-5 on admission, and in 50% there was a peripheral distribution of the interstitial infiltrate in the left lower lobe. The risk factors were FiO2, CT Score> 18 and the NRL index. The combination of the High risk qCSI plus CT score> 18 indices was the best prediction index for development of a critical condition. Average mortality was 10%.Conclusion. The combined use of indices in patients infected with SARSCoV2 shows diagnostic accuracy and predicts severity.
Global School-Based Student Health Survey: Country Profiles and Survey Results in the Eastern Mediterranean Region Countries
Authors: Abdalmaleki Elham , Abdi Zhaleh , Isfahani Sahand Riazi , Safarpoor Sara , Haghdoost Bahar , Sazgarnejad Saharnaz , Ahmadnezhad Elham 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: The increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) has some major implications on many countries to achieve universal health coverage. This study aimed to investigate the implementation of Global School-based Student Health Survey(GSHS), which is used to assess the risk factors of NCDs among children and adolescents, by the Eastern Mediterranean Region(EMR) countries.Methods: This study was a meta-analysis and systematic literature review of 2001-2018 published studies, which were found by searching PubMed, Google Scholar, WHO, and CDC databases. In this study, the target group was students aged between 13 and 17 years old. GSHS implementation as well as risk factors of NCDs were compared across different countries. The random-effect model for meta-analysis was considered at 95% confidence interval.Result: In the EMR, 19 countries have implemented GSHS at least once following the survey manual (37 surveys). Overally, 201,795 young adolescents between 13 and 17 years old were included in our analysis. The overall estimation of prevalence rate of NCD risk factors among the students(13 and 15 years old), the overall estimation of the overweight prevalence rate was 24.5% (20.6-28.8), obesity prevalence rate was 7.3% (5.4-9.5), insufficient physical activity prevalence rate was 82.4% (80.7-84.1), tobacco usage prevalence rate was 14.3% (10.53-18.67), and smoking prevalence was rate 9.6% (8.1-11.3). In those aged from 13 to 17 years old, these rates were estimated as 19.8 (13.2-27.3), 9.7 (6.2-14.0), 86.1 (84.1-87.9), 17.8 (11.8-24.7), and 11.5 (9.4-13.8), respectively.Conclusion: GSHS has been widely implemented across EMR countries. Using nationally representative data, the results show that more efforts are needed to target the NCDs risk factors among adolescents in the region.
Surgical Navigation Systems Based On AR/VR Technologies
Authors: Ivanov Vladimir , Krivtsov Anton , Strelkov Sergey , Gulyaev Dmitry , Godanyuk Denis , Kalakutsky Nikolay , Pavlov Artyom , Petropavloskaya Marina , Smirnov Alexander , Yaremenko Andrey 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study considers modern surgical navigation systems based on augmented reality technologies. Augmented reality glasses are used to construct holograms of the patient's organs from MRI and CT data, subsequently transmitted to the glasses. Thus, in addition to seeing the actual patient, the surgeon gains visualization inside the patient's body (bones, soft tissues, blood vessels, etc.). The solutions developed at Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University allow reducing the invasiveness of the procedure and preserving healthy tissues. This also improves the navigation process, making it easier to estimate the location and size of the tumor to be removed.We describe the application of developed systems to different types of surgical operations (removal of a malignant brain tumor, removal of a cyst of the cervical spine). We consider the specifics of novel navigation systems designed for anesthesia, for endoscopic operations. Furthermore, we discuss the construction of novel visualization systems for ultrasound machines. Our findings indicate that the technologies proposed show potential for telemedicine.
Can Ultra-fast High Temperature Sintering (UHS) Boost Transparency of Alumina?
Authors: Kermani Milad , Zhu Danyang , Li Jiang , Wu Jinghua , Lin Yong , Dai Zhiquan , Hu Chunfeng , Grasso Salvatore 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Established routes for consolidation of transparent alumina ceramics by pressure-less sintering requires several hours of dwelling in a reducing atmosphere at a temperature exceeding 1600 ℃. Here, for the first time, we report on low temperature and ultrafast consolidation of translucent alumina ceramics. Transparency was promoted by the synergistic of high initial green density (62.7 %) and rapid sintering using Ultra-fast High Temperature Sintering (UHS) technique. The proposed approach, using a heating rate of 430 ℃/min and dwelling time of 15 minutes, resulted in ultra-fine-grained translucent alumina ceramics at 1359 ± 57 ℃ with a grain size of 0.39 µm, and an in-line transmittance of 28.7 % at a wavelength of 700 nm. For comparison, conventionally fired counterparts were opaque due to their incomplete densification, pore coalescence.
The Effect of Graphite Addition on Thermal Conductivity, Microstructure, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of AlN Ceramics
Authors: Wang Tun , Xie Jianjun , Zhang Lei , Lu Tao , Ding Maomao , Fan Lingcong , Zhou Ding , Shi Ying 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Graphite/ aluminum nitride (AlN) multiphase ceramics are pressureless sintered under 1850°C using Dy2O3 and CaF2 as sintering additives. The effects of added graphite on microstructure, thermal conductivity, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of AlN ceramics were investigated. It was found that with 1wt% graphite addition the thermal conductivity of AlN in the through-plane to can achieve 210W/(m·K), which 25% higher than that of AlN without graphite. The graphite addition eliminates the oxygen impurity in AlN by a carbon reduction reaction in form of nanosized Dy2O3 particles. From electrochemical impedance spectroscopy manifested that the activation energy (Ea,g) of samples in grains is increased from 0.784 eV to 1.112 eV, suggesting that the concentrations of defects and impurities of Graphite/AlN multiphase ceramics are lower than those of monophase AlN ceramics.
Upregulation of Cx43 Expression Under Stretch Condition is Mediated by TGF Beta1 and Cytoskeletal Network
Authors: Shi Yumeng , Li Xinbo , Yang Jin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Many physiological and pathophysiological processes in cells or tissues are involving mechanical stretch, which is inducing gap junction gene expression and cytokine TGF beta changes. However, the underlying mechanisms of gap junction gene expression changes remain unknown. Here, we showed that the expression of Cx43 at mRNA and protein level in Human umbilical-vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) is significantly increased after 24 h stretch stimulation, and TGF beta1, but not TGF beta2 expression is also upregulated. Administration of TGF betal into HUVECs without stretch also induced upregulation of Cx43 mRNA and protein expression. While simultaneously administration of TGF beta1 with SB431542, a specific inhibitor of TGF beta1 receptor, blocked the Cx43 protein upregulation by TGF beta1. Further, the increase of Cx43 protein expression under stretch condition can be partially blocked by SB431542; moreover, it also can be partially blocked by simultaneously administration of anti-TGF beta1 monoclonal neutralization antibody. Importantly, the stretch induced upregulation of Cx43 can be blocked by administration of actin and microtubule inhibitors, while NEDD4, a key element in mediating Cx43 protein ubiquitination and degradation, is not changed under stretch condition. Therefore, we conclude that upregulation of Cx43 expression under 24 h stretch condition is mediated by TGF beta1 via TGF beta1 receptor signaling pathway, and it also involves the actin and microtubule cytoskeletal network.
Interrelationships Among Vitamin D Status and Body Composition in Mother-Infant Dyads
Authors: Razaghi Maryam , Gharibeh Nathalie , Vanstone Catherine A. , Sotunde Olusola F. , Wei Shu Qin , McNally Dayre , Rauch Frank , Jones Glenville , Weiler Hope A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Vitamin D status of pregnant women is associated with body composition of the offspring. The objective of this study was to assess whether the association between maternal vitamin D status and neonatal adiposity is modified by maternal adiposity preconception.Methods: Healthy mothers and their term appropriate weight for gestational age (AGA) infants (n=142; 59% male, Greater Montreal, March 2016-2019) were studied at birth and 1 month postpartum (2-6 weeks). Newborn (24-36 hour) serum was collected to measure total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] (immunoassay); maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was obtained from the medical record. Anthropometry, body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and serum 25(OH)D were measured at 2-6 weeks postpartum in mothers and infants. Mothers were grouped into 4 categories based on their vitamin D status (sufficient 25(OH)D ≥50 nmol/L vs. at risk of being insufficient <50 nmol/L) and pre-pregnancy BMI (<25 vs. ≥25 kg/m2): insufficient-recommended weight (I-RW, n=24); insufficient-overweight/obese (I-OW/O, n=21); sufficient-recommended weight (S-RW, n=69); and sufficient-overweight/obese (S-OW/O, n=28). Partial correlation and mixed model ANOVA were used while adjusting for covariates.Results: At birth, infant serum 25(OH)D mean concentrations were below the cut-point for sufficiency of 50 nmol/L for both maternal pre-pregnancy BMI categories; 47.8 [95%CI: 43.8, 51.9] nmol/L if BMI <25 kg/m2 and 38.1 [95%CI: 33.5, 42.7] nmol/L if BMI ≥25 kg/m2. Infant serum 25(OH)D concentrations at birth (r=0.77; p<0.0001) and 1 month (r=0.59, p<0.0001) were positively correlated with maternal postpartum serum 25(OH)D concentrations. Maternal serum 25(OH)D concentration was inversely associated with maternal percent whole body fat mass (r=-0.26, p=0.002). Infants of mothers in I-OW/O had higher fat mass versus those of mothers in S-OW/O (914.0 [95%CI: 766.4, 1061.6] vs. 780.7 [95%CI: 659.3, 902.0] g; effect size [Hedges' g: 0.42]; p=0.04) with magnitude of difference of 220.4 g or ~28% difference (adjusting for covariates). Conclusions: Maternal vitamin D status is positively correlated with neonatal vitamin D. In this study, maternal adiposity and serum 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L are dual exposures for neonatal adiposity. These findings reinforce the importance of vitamin D supplementation early in infancy irrespective of vitamin D stores acquired in utero and maternal weight status.
Lung Ultrasound in COVID-19 Patients: Characteristics and Factors Affecting its Diagnostic Accuracy
Authors: Duan Yilian , Zhang Wen , Li Qian , Ji Li , Cao Chunyan , Cao Haiyan , You Manjie , Liu Jie , Sun Zhenxing , Zhang Ziming , Song Yue , Zhang Li , Xiang Feixiang , Xie Mingxing 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Although chest computed tomography (CT) is the gold standard for diagnosing the majority of lung conditions, its use in screening patients for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) pneumonia is not recommended. Lung ultrasound (LUS) is an alternative modality. To investigate the characteristics and diagnostic accuracy (DA) of bedside ultrasound for lung lesions in patients with COVID-19 and to determine the factors influencing the DA of lung ultrasound (LUS).Methods: A total of 330 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the hospital between February and March 2020 were retrospectively recruited. The imaging characteristics of LUS and computed tomography (CT) scans were analysed and summarized. DA was calculated using a chest CT scan as the reference standard. Furthermore, a binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the factors influencing the DA of LUS for interstitial syndrome. Results: The ultrasound findings of COVID-19 patients presented mainly as B lines (195/330, 59.1%), unsmooth or interrupted pleural lines (118/330, 35.8%), consolidation lesions (74/330, 22.4%), and pleural effusion (11/330, 3.33%). Compared with the chest CT scan, the DA of LUS for interstitial syndrome, consolidation, pleural effusion, and pleural thickening were 0.821, 0.927, 0.988, and 0.863, respectively. The diagnostic coincidence rate of LUS and chest CT in the mild, common, severe, and critical groups were 93%, 68.6%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. According to the results of the binary logistic regression, sex, disease duration, experience of the doctor, and involved lobes were independent predictors of the DA for interstitial syndrome.Conclusions: LUS had good diagnostic performance for diagnosing COVID-19 pneumonia, and showed a relatively low DA for interstitial syndrome. Female sex, doctors with less experience, long disease duration, and lesions limited to the upper or lower lobes may decrease the DA.
Estimating the number of COVID-19 cases from population isolation level
Authors: Holanda Adriano 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We use the logistic function to estimate the number of individuals infected by a virus in a period of time as a function of social isolation level in the previous period of the infection occurrences. Each period is composed by a fixed date range in days which the social isolation is supposed to take effect over the virus spread in the next date range. The sample is the COVID-19 cases and social isolation level data from São Paulo State, Brazil. The proposed method is divided into two stages: 1) The logistic function is fitted against COVID-19 empirical data to obtain the function parameters; 2) the function parameters, except for the overall growth rate, and the mean of social isolation level for all periods of time are used to calculate a constant. The logistic growth rate for each period of time is calculated using the constant and the isolation level for that period. The number of cases in a period is estimated using the logistic function and the growth rate from previous period of time to obtain the effect of social isolation during the elapsed time. The period of time that produces a better correlation between empirical and estimated data was 5 days. We conclude the method performs a data estimation with high correlation with the empirical data.