bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genic microsatellite marker characterization and development in little millet (Panicum sumatrense) using transcriptome sequencing
Authors: Desai Hiral , Hamid Rasmieh , Ghorbanzadeh Zahra , Bhut Nishant , Padhiyar Shital M. , Kheni Jasminkumar , Tomar Rukam S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLittle millet is a climate-resilient and high-nutrient value plant. The lack of molecular markers severely limits the adoption of modern genomic approaches in millet breeding studies. Here the transcriptome of three samples were sequenced. A total of 4443 genic-SSR motifs were identified in 30,220 unigene sequences. SSRs were found at a rate of 12.25 percent, with an average of one SSR locus per 10 kb. Among different repeat motifs, tri-nucleotide repeat (66.67) was the most abundant one, followed by di- (27.39P), and tetra- (3.83P) repeats. CDS contained fewer motifs with the majority of tri-nucleotides, while 3′ and 5′ UTR carry more motifs but have shorter repeats. Functional annotation of unigenes containing microsatellites, revealed that most of them were linked to metabolism, gene expression regulation, and response to environmental stresses. Fifty primers were randomly chosen and validated in five little millet and 20 minor millet genotypes; 48% showed polymorphism, with a high transferability (70%) rate. Identified microsatellites can be a noteworthy resource for future research into QTL-based breeding, genetic resource conservation, MAS selection, and evolutionary genetics.
Coherent internal conversion from high lying electronic states to S1 in boron-dipyrromethene derivatives
Authors: Lee Changmin , Seo Kiho , Kim Munnyon , Joo Taiha 
Published: October 2021

Coherent internal conversion between higher electronic excited states is observed directly by excitation of molecules to Sn (n ≥ 2) state and detection of fluorescence from S1 state by wave-packet-resolved time-resolved fluorescence.
A data mining‐based method for mining key factors affecting transient voltage stability for power systems with renewable energy sources
Authors: Huang Dan , Sun Huadong , Zhang Jian , Zhao Shanshan , Zhou Qinyong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIncreasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) into power systems has brought new challenges to guarantee transient voltage stability (TVS) of the system, due to complex and different characteristics of the RES compared with the synchronous generator. The related theories to the TVS for power systems with RES (PSRESs) are incomplete, and it is difficult to construct accurate physical model of the PSRES by using traditional TVS analysis method. Here a novel data mining‐based approach for extracting key factors that affect the TVS of a PSRES is put forward. The original Relief algorithm is modified to deal with the imbalance of sample size between stable and unstable samples of the practical data set and improve the calculation accuracy. Then, a data mining scheme based on the modified Relief algorithm is presented to acquire key factors affecting the TVS. With the proposed scheme, the influence degrees of different factors on the TVS can be evaluated quantitatively by their weighting values, and then the key factors as well as the influence patterns can be determined. Test results which are conducted on the modified IEEE‐39 test system with RESs are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
A new modulation strategy and power balance method of unsymmetrical CHB inverter
Authors: Gong Renxi , Zhang Xinyu , Liu Jianfeng , Xue Bo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThere exist the problems of the low utilization rate of DC voltage, power imbalance and current backflow in the modulation process of traditional unsymmetrical cascaded units. In view of these, a pulse width modulation strategy with an improved trapezoidal wave as the modulation wave and its corresponding power balance method are proposed. First, through double Fourier analysis of the output line voltage, an appropriate sine coefficient δ is obtained. Second, the waveform of the modulation wave is determined according to δ. Third, through the simple logic operation of the initial driving signals of the switch transistors, the required switch driving signals are obtained, and the power balance of each unit with the same voltage level is realized. In order to verify the effectiveness of the strategy and the method, a simulation and experiment platform are built, and a large number of simulations and experiments are carried out. The results show that compared with the traditional sinusoidal modulation method, the utilization rate of DC voltage obtained by the method can be improved by 22.28% and compared with the trapezoidal wave modulation method, the waveform distortion coefficient of the output voltage can be significantly reduced, and the utilization rate of DC voltage can be further improved. Meanwhile, the power balance can be achieved within one voltage cycle and the phenomenon of current backflow is eliminated.
Aging assessment method of oil–paper composite insulation based on repeated polarization current characteristics
Authors: Zhuang Yu , Wang Yonghong , Wang Meiying , Wei Xinlao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo explore the aging assessment method of the oil–paper insulation in power transformers, the polarization and depolarization current (PDC) characteristics of oil–paper composite insulation samples are investigated under high applied voltage. Based on the asymmetry of polarization absorption current and depolarization current and the polarity effect of insulation pressboard, the repeated polarization current test method is proposed. A novel aging characteristic parameter, which is the ratio of the normalized charge for the first polarization and the normalized charge for the second polarization, is extracted. The difference between the decay rates of the first polarization current and the second polarization current increases at first and then decreases with the polarization time, and decreases with increasing aging degree of the pressboard. The more serious the insulation aging is, the smaller the variation range of aging characteristic parameter with polarization time is, and the closer the value is to 1. With decrease in the DP, the maximum of aging characteristic parameter changes in a decreasing trend. The aging condition of the oil–paper composite insulation can be assessed by the repeated polarization current method and the relationship between the aging characteristic parameter and the polarization time.
Centaur 2013 VZ70: Debris from Saturn’s irregular moon population?
Authors: de la Fuente Marcos C. , de la Fuente Marcos R. 
Published: October 2021

Context. Saturn has an excess of irregular moons. This is thought to be the result of past collisional events. Debris produced during such episodes in the neighborhood of a host planet can evolve into co-orbitals trapped in quasi-satellite and/or horseshoe resonant states. A recently announced centaur, 2013 VZ70, follows an orbit that could be compatible with those of prograde Saturn’s co-orbitals.
Aims. We perform an exploration of the short-term dynamical evolution of 2013 VZ70 to confirm or reject a co-orbital relationship with Saturn. A possible connection with Saturn’s irregular moon population is also investigated.
Methods. We studied the evolution of 2013 VZ70 backward and forward in time using N-body simulations, factoring uncertainties into the calculations. We computed the distribution of mutual nodal distances between this centaur and a sample of moons.
Results. We confirm that 2013 VZ70 is currently trapped in a horseshoe resonant state with respect to Saturn but that it is a transient co-orbital. We also find that 2013 VZ70 may become a quasi-satellite of Saturn in the future and that it may experience brief periods of capture as a temporary irregular moon. This centaur might also pass relatively close to known irregular moons of Saturn.
Conclusions. Although an origin in trans-Neptunian space is possible, the hostile resonant environment characteristic of Saturn’s neighborhood favors a scenario of in situ formation via impact, fragmentation, or tidal disruption as 2013 VZ70 can experience encounters with Saturn at very low relative velocity. An analysis of its orbit within the context of those of the moons of Saturn suggests that 2013 VZ70 could be related to the Inuit group, particularly Siarnaq, the largest and fastest rotating member of the group. Also, the mutual nodal distances of 2013 VZ70 and the moons Fornjot and Thrymr are below the first percentile of the distribution.
Bioinspired micro/nanomotor with visible light energy–dependent forward, reverse, reciprocating, and spinning schooling motion
Authors: Tong Jintao , Wang Dalei , Liu Ye , Lou Xin , Jiang Jiwei , Dong Bin , Dong Renfeng , Yang Mingcheng 
Published: October 2021

Significance
Light intensity–dependent bidirectional phototaxis is vital for microorganisms (e.g., green algae) to gain energy or escape from damage. Inspired by nature, artificial phototactic micro/nanomotors (MNMs) have been developed, which cannot only serve as perfect model systems for nonequilibrium physics but have great potentials in microfluidics and biomedical applications. However, unlike the biological microorganisms that possess the bidirectional phototactic capability by natural evolution, it is still challenging for the artificial MNMs to realize the similar biomimetic phototaxis, which greatly limits their applicability. Here, we innovatively combine the self-diffusiophoresis and self-thermophoresis mechanisms to achieve a visible light–driven MNM, exhibiting bidirectional phototaxis and intriguing light-controlled collective behaviors. These findings thus constitute an important step toward developing biomimetic photoresponsive active systems.
Aged 70 and still a child: complexities, strains and gains of older children caring for their (near) centenarian mothers
Authors: Macedo Typhanie , Sousa Liliana , Ribeiro Oscar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Longer lives increase the possibility of caring duties, which means that older adults looking after their ageing parents—as well as their own partners—is becoming an increasingly common scenario in developed countries.

Objective
To explore the caregiving demands of very old caregiving dyads and the experience of maintaining the identity of a child at such an advanced age.

Design
Qualitative study.

Subjects
15 participants (four males), all aged 70 or over and caring for their mothers, aged between 95 and 105 years old.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews analysed thematically.

Results
Caregivers are willing to care for their mothers ‘until death tears them apart’, despite the double strains they face, that is more self-limitations and added care receiver need. On a positive side, they feel ‘happy, thankful and proud’ for still having their mothers alive. They also describe that maintaining the identity of a child at such an advanced age was somewhat unthought of and unexpected but an important source of pride.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that these oldest-old caregiving dyads are characterised by a relationship shaped by strong feelings of extended filial love, constituting a family feature that needs further understanding. Findings also underscore the challenges these carers face in dealing with several agents (secondary caregivers) and entities in the care provision.
Marginal Structural Models for Life-Course Theories and Social Epidemiology: Definitions, Sources of Bias, and Simulated Illustrations
Authors: Gilsanz Paola , Young Jessica G , Glymour M Maria , Tchetgen Tchetgen Eric J , Eng Chloe W , Koenen Karestan C , Kubzansky Laura D 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSocial epidemiology aims to identify social structural risk factors, thus informing targets and timing of interventions. Ascertaining which interventions will be most effective and when they should be implemented is challenging because social conditions vary across the life course and are subject to time-varying confounding. Marginal structural models (MSMs) may be useful but can present unique challenges when studying social epidemiologic exposures over the life course. We describe selected MSMs corresponding to common theoretical life-course models and identify key issues for consideration related to time-varying confounding and late study enrollment. Using simulated data mimicking a cohort study evaluating the effects of depression in early, mid-, and late life on late-life stroke risk, we examined whether and when specific study characteristics and analytical strategies may induce bias. In the context of time-varying confounding, inverse-probability–weighted estimation of correctly specified MSMs accurately estimated the target causal effects, while conventional regression models showed significant bias. When no measure of early-life depression was available, neither MSMs nor conventional models were unbiased, due to confounding by early-life depression. To inform interventions, researchers need to identify timing of effects and consider whether missing data regarding exposures earlier in life may lead to biased estimates.
Flavonoids are involved in phosphorus-deficiency-induced cluster-root formation in white lupin
Authors: Xiong Chuanyong , Li Xiaoqing , Wang Xin , Wang Jingxin , Lambers Hans , Vance Carroll P , Shen Jianbo , Cheng Lingyun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Initiation of cluster roots in white lupin (Lupinus albus) under phosphorus (P) deficiency requires auxin signalling, whereas flavonoids inhibit auxin transport. However, little information is available about the interactions between P deficiency and flavonoids in terms of cluster-root formation in white lupin.

Methods
Hydroponic and aeroponic systems were used to investigate the role of flavonoids in cluster-root formation, with or without 75 μm P supply.

Key Results
Phosphorus-deficiency-induced flavonoid accumulation in cluster roots depended on developmental stage, based on in situ determination of fluorescence of flavonoids and flavonoid concentration. LaCHS8, which codes for a chalcone synthase isoform, was highly expressed in cluster roots, and silencing LaCHS8 reduced flavonoid production and rootlet density. Exogenous flavonoids suppressed cluster-root formation. Tissue-specific distribution of flavonoids in roots was altered by P deficiency, suggesting that P deficiency induced flavonoid accumulation, thus fine-tuning the effect of flavonoids on cluster-root formation. Furthermore, naringenin inhibited expression of an auxin-responsive DR5:GUS marker, suggesting an interaction of flavonoids and auxin in regulating cluster-root formation.

Conclusions
Phosphorus deficiency triggered cluster-root formation through the regulation of flavonoid distribution, which fine-tuned an auxin response in the early stages of cluster-root development. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of cluster-root formation under P deficiency.
The Impact of Race on Speech Perception and Accentedness Judgements in Racially Diverse and Non-diverse Groups
Authors: Kutlu Ethan , Tiv Mehrgol , Wulff Stefanie , Titone Debra 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Standard varieties are often perceived as morally superior compared with nonstandard varieties (Hill 2008). Consequently, these differences lead to ideologies that racialize nonstandard varieties (Rosa 2016), and increase the negative stereotypes towards nonstandard varieties (Giles and Watson 2013). One outlet of such stereotypes can be observed with speech intelligibility and accentedness judgements. This study examines whether seeing a White or a South Asian face impacts listeners’ perception of American, British, and Indian English and to what extent listeners’ social network diversity plays a role in predicting their perception of speech. Results indicated that intelligibility scores decreased and accentedness judgements increased for all varieties when speech was paired with South Asian faces. However, listeners with less racially diverse social networks had the highest accentedness judgements. Understanding how to account for the emergence and behavioral implications of different English varieties is a pressing question, and these results shed light on how English varieties are perceived. The implications will be discussed in light of language teaching, linguistic practices, and language research.
Photoperiod is an important seasonal selection factor in Chironomus riparius (Diptera: Chironomidae)
Authors: Doria Halina Binde , Caliendo Cosima , Gerber Susanne , Pfenninger Markus 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Most organisms respond and can adapt to photoperiodic changes. This affects measurable end points like developmental time, survival and fertility. For ectotherms like Chironomus riparius, temperature is the most studied environmental cue regulating their life cycle, whereas photoperiodic influence is neglected. However, the developmental speed between summer and winter seasons of a field population could not be explained solely by temperature variations. Therefore, to have a comprehensive view on how photoperiods influence chironomid’s life cycle, we investigated if it plays a role in their development and if it acts as an important selective pressure on developmental time speed. To this end, first emerged C. riparius were artificially selected for seven generations. Pre-selected and unselected organisms could develop and breed independently under three light regimes: constant light (24:0 L:D), long days (16:8 L:D) and short days (8:16 L:D). Adult emergence, mean and median emergence time and fertility were integrated into the population growth rate to compare fitness. Our findings show that although developmental time is extended under short days, this same condition may exert a selective pressure towards a shorter development. Moreover, by also using photoperiodic clues to anticipate environmental changes, chironomids can potentially adapt to alterations in climate.
1385 “Pre-Op Fasting Times Audit in Colorectal Surgery at A University Teaching Hospital”
Authors: Khan S , Mohideen R , Khan K , Helbren C 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aim
Hull University teaching hospitals NHS trust has guidelines for patient fasting times prior to major elective surgery. We aimed to assess the compliance of pre-op fasting times for patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery.

Method
An initial and later re-audit was undertaken, prospectively, of 20 consecutive patients admitted for elective colorectal surgery at Castle Hill Hospital. Data was collected on a structured proforma and was completed following patient’s interview, ORMIS (operation room system) and Lorenzo (hospital intranet).

Results
Initial audit demonstrated 10% (2 out of 20) and 5% (1 out of 20) compliance with liquid and solid fasting times, respectively. Following implementation of changes, re-audit demonstrated 60% (12 out of 20) and 0% (0 out of 20) compliance with liquid and solid fasting times respectively

Conclusions
We concluded that liquid fasting times can be improved further by communication between theatre staff and ward. Whilst solid fasting times can be improved but at an expense of losing a theatre space. A further re-audit [planned in a month period.
1403 Leadership and Teamwork in The Major Trauma Service – Implementation of A New Approach to Secondary Surveys
Authors: Jefferies O , Walls A , McKeag P , Houston R , Kealey D 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aim
Trauma Audit and Research Network (TARN) guidelines at a Major Trauma Centre in Northern Ireland state that all patients admitted with Major Trauma should have a secondary survey completed and documented within 24 hours of admission.

Method
All patients admitted with major trauma had their medical notes reviewed on discharge to look for evidence of a documented secondary survey. Two audit cycles were completed. The first from January 2018 to April 2018 (n = 38). Following a quality improvement project with specific interventions to improve compliance, including improved communication behaviours and the implementation of a revised trauma booklet, a second cycle was performed from October 2019 to January 2019 (n = 44)

Results
58% of group 1 and 75% of group 2 had a documented secondary survey within 24 hours of admission. The interventions therefore resulted in an overall 17% increase in the number of secondary surveys completed within 24 hours. Patients admitted under Orthopaedic care had a significant improvement of 26% between cycles to 89% compliance. Cardiothoracics (33% to 40%), Neurosurgery (14% to 43%) and General Surgery (75% to 66%).

Conclusions
A quality improvement drive led by the Orthopaedic team involving the education of doctors, improving communication channels and the introduction of revised trauma documentation, resulted in a significant increase in the number of secondary surveys completed within 24 hours. Patients under the care of Orthopaedics were more likely to have a survey completed compared with other specialties. This highlights the need for more education and engagement of other specialities to increase compliance in secondary surveys.
1432 Simplifying Processes to Improve Rate of Surgical Site Infections
Authors: Knight C , Nalwaya P , Allot R , Aly H 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aim
Surgical site infection (SSI) is a common healthcare associated infection, complicating 10-15% of operations. These have the potential to cause significant harm to patients, prolong hospital stays and are costly to the NHS. Although the cause is multifactorial, appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis plays a role in reducing SSIs. Due to a higher-than-average rate of SSIs at ASPH, an audit was performed to review the use of antibiotics prior to surgery.

Method
Local antibiotic policies for surgical prophylaxis were used as the audit standard. Data was collected prospectively over a two-week period. Recovery nurses filled out a proforma identifying type of surgery, patients’ weight, antibiotics received and dose.

Results
120 datasets were collected. Due to incomplete data, 113 were analysed; 81 patients required prophylactic antibiotics. The audit identified that current practice was not aligned with local policy. Where antibiotic use was indicated, all bar one patient received appropriate antibiotics. The primary issue identified was incorrect gentamicin dosing when a 5mg/kg dose based on creatine clearance was required. Gentamicin was dosed appropriately in 15 out of 49 cases, with 160mg administered in most cases regardless of policy.

Conclusions
Reasons underlying this are likely to be multifactorial, including ototoxicity risk, dose calculation and administration time; at present, the scheduling of theatre cases does not allow for a 30-minute gap from induction of anaesthesia to start of surgery. Working in partnership with the microbiologists we plan to create a gentamicin dose reference chart for display in all anaesthetic rooms to simplify dosing and improve compliance.