bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The diversity and function of intestinal microorganisms in four geographic Cephalcia chuxiongica (a pine defoliator) populations
Authors: Yu Hong , Du Cui‐Min , Shi Min‐Rui , Feng Lu , Fu Da‐Ying , Xu Jin , Li Yong‐He 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSymbiotic microbiomes play important roles in hosts’ adaptation and evolution. Here, the gut bacterial communities in Cephalcia chuxiongica, a key pest of pines in China, were studied for the first time by using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. The composition of gut bacterial communities differed in different C. chuxiongica geographic populations but interestingly, the phylogeny and diversity of gut microbiota correlated with host geographic/genetic distance, that is the microbiota was more similar as the geographic/genetic distance decreased, and vice versa. The various microbes performed similar functions and showed functional complementation, in which most of identified KEGG pathways were shared by different populations with metabolism being the most dominant functional pathway and the function of major microbes associated with host dietary specialization (pine needles), such as cellulose degradation. In addition, some microbes also associated with host biological characteristics, such as Wolbachia with parthenogenesis and Serratia with the long‐term larval diapause in C. chuxiongica. Therefore, the synergy of environmental and host factors shapes the structure of gut microbiota and gut microbiota play essential roles in host physiology and adaptation, suggesting some kind of symbiosis and coevolution. These results demonstrate the important contribution of gut microbiota and provide a sound foundation for developing control strategies for this pest.
Molecular Identification of Cryptosporidium spp., Enterocytozoonbieneusi, and Giardiaduodenalis in Captive Pet Birds in Henan Province, Central China
Authors: Dong Haiju , Cheng Ru , Li Xinmiao , Li Junqiang , Chen Yuancai , Ban Chaoping , Zhang Xiangqian , Liu Fang , Zhang Longxian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCryptosporidium spp., Enterocytozoon bieneusi, and Giardia duodenalis are common enteric pathogens that are capable of infecting humans and animals. Total of 1,005 fecal samples from captive pet birds were collected from seven locations in Henan Province, China. The results demonstrated that 9.9% (99/1,005) of the captive birds were infected with one of these three pathogens. Enterocytozoon bieneusi was the most prevalent species among the birds (45/1,005, 4.5%) followed by G. duodenalis (33/1,005, 3.3%) and Cryptosporidium spp. (21/1,005, 2.1%). Five Cryptosporidium species were identified, namely, C. baileyi (10), C. galli (5), C. meleagridis (4), C. andersoni (1), and C. parvum (1). Two known E. bieneusi genotypes were identified: Peru 6 (44) was identified in pigeons (34) and European turtle doves (10); whereas, the genotype PtEb I (1) was only identified in a pigeon. Only G. duodenalis assemblage E (33) was identified in some pet birds. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to undertake the molecular identification of G. duodenalis in birds in China. The identification of potentially zoonotic species/genotypes of the pathogens suggests that exposure to the excreta of these birds, either directly or via food and water, may pose a threat to human health.
Combination prevention of post‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis in patients undergoing double‐guidewire assisted biliary cannulation: A case–control study with propensity score matching
Authors: Wang Xu , Luo Hui , Luo Bing , Ren Gui , Liang Shuhui , Wang Xiangping , Tao Qin , Zhang Linhui , Kang Xiaoyu , Guo Xuegang , Pan Yanglin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and AimRectal indomethacin and pancreatic duct stenting (PDS) are recommended for the prevention of post‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP). However, the effects of the combination of the two methods on preventing PEP are controversial. We hypothesized that some group of difficult patients might benefit from the combination of indomethacin plus PDS (IP) compared with indomethacin alone (IN).MethodsPatients with native papilla who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in eight tertiary hospitals were screened. They were enrolled if the cannulation proved difficult and post‐procedure indomethacin was administered. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance the baseline characteristics between IP and IN groups. The primary outcome was PEP.ResultsAmong 4456 patients with available cannulation‐related data, 1889 (42.4%) patients had difficult cannulation and received indomethacin. After PSM, both IP and IN groups included 332 patients. PEP was comparable between the two groups (12.7% vs 10.2%, P = 0.329). By subgroup analysis, the PEP rate was found to be lower in the IP group than in the IN group (7.3% vs 18.2%, P = 0.026) in patients undergoing double‐guidewire technique (DGT). The results of an additional analysis using PSM in DGT patients were consistent with the subgroup analysis results (7.8% vs 19.4%, P = 0.036).ConclusionsThe current study indicated that the combined prevention of PEP with indomethacin plus PDS was useful in PEP prevention in patients undergoing DGT. Other groups of patients with difficult cannulation may not benefit from the combination strategy.
Adaptive Learning and Labor Market Dynamics
Authors: DI PACE F. , MITRA K. , ZHANG S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe standard search and matching model with rational expectations is well known to be unable to generate amplification in unemployment and vacancies. We document a new feature that cannot be replicated: properties of wage forecasts published by institutions in the near term. A parsimonious model with adaptive learning can provide a solution to both of these problems. Firms choose vacancies by forecasting wages using simple autoregressive models; they have greater incentive to post vacancies at the time of a positive productivity shock because of overoptimism about the discounted value of expected profits.
Late post‐natal neurometabolic development in healthy male rats using 1H and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Račkayová Veronika , Simicic Dunja , Donati Guillaume , Braissant Olivier , Gruetter Rolf , McLin Valérie A. , Cudalbu Cristina 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBrain metabolism evolves rapidly during early post‐natal development in the rat. While changes in amino acids, energy metabolites, antioxidants or metabolites involved in phospholipid metabolism have been reported in the early stages, neurometabolic changes during the later post‐natal period are less well characterized. Therefore, we aimed to assess the neurometabolic changes in male Wistar rats between post‐natal days 29 and 77 (p29‐p77) using longitudinal magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in vivo at 9.4 Tesla. 1H MRS was performed in the hippocampus between p29 and p77 at 1‐week intervals (n = 7) and in the cerebellum between p35 and p77 at 2‐week intervals (n = 7) using the SPECIAL sequence at ultra‐short echo‐time. NOE enhanced and 1H decoupled 31P MR spectra were acquired at p35, p48 and p63 (n = 7) in a larger voxel covering cortex, hippocampus and part of the striatum. The hippocampus showed a decrease in taurine concentration and an increase in glutamate (with more pronounced changes until p49), seemingly a continuation of their well‐described changes in the early post‐natal period. A constant increase in myo‐inositol and choline‐containing compounds in the hippocampus (in particular glycero‐phosphocholine as shown by 31P MRS) was measured throughout the observation period, probably related to membrane metabolism and myelination. The cerebellum showed only a significant increase in myo‐inositol between p35 and p77. In conclusion, this study showed important changes in brain metabolites in both the hippocampus and cerebellum in the later post‐natal period (p29/p35‐p77) of male rats, something previously unreported. Based on these novel data, changes in some neurometabolites beyond p28‐35, conventionally accepted as the cut off for adulthood, should be taken into account in both experimental design and data interpretation in this animal model.
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Proteomics and metabolomics of HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Williams Monray E. , Naudé Petrus J. W. , van der Westhuizen Francois H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are common features of the effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐1 within the central nervous system (CNS). The underlying neuropathophysiology of HAND is incompletely known. Furthermore, there are no markers to effectively predict or stratify the risk of HAND. Recent advancements in the fields of proteomics and metabolomics have shown promise in addressing these concerns, however, it is not clear if these approaches may provide new insight into pathways and markers related to HAND. We therefore conducted a systematic review of studies using proteomic and/or metabolomic approaches in the aim of identifying pathways or markers associated with neurocognitive impairment in people living with HIV (PLWH). Thirteen studies were eligible, including 11 proteomic and 2 metabolomic investigations of HIV‐positive clinical samples (cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), brain tissue, and serum). Across varying profiling techniques and sample types, the majority of studies found an association of markers with neurocognitive function in PLWH. These included metabolic marker myo‐inositol and proteomic markers superoxide dismutase, gelsolin, afamin, sphingomyelin, and ceramide. Certain markers were found to be dysregulated across various sample types. Afamin and gelsolin overlapped in studies of blood and CSF and sphingomyelin and ceramide overlapped in studies of CSF and brain tissue. The association of these markers with neurocognitive functioning may indicate the activity of certain pathways, potentially those related to the underlying neuropathophysiology of HAND.
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Nutritional and developmental programming effects of insulin
Authors: Dearden Laura , Bouret Sebastien G. , Ozanne Susan E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe discovery of insulin in 1921 was a major breakthrough in medicine and for therapy in patients with diabetes. The dramatic rise in the prevalence of overweight and obesity has been tightly linked to an increased prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which poses major health concerns. Babies born to GDM mothers are more likely to develop obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease later in life. Evidence accumulated during the past two decades has revealed that high levels insulin, such as those observed during GDM, can have a widespread effect on the development and function of a variety of organs. This review summarises our current knowledge on the role of insulin in the placenta, cardiovascular system and brain during critical periods of development, as well as how it can contribute to lifelong metabolic regulation. We also discuss possible intervention strategies to ameliorate and hopefully reverse the developmental defects associated with obesity and GDM.
Evaluation of adding platelet‐rich plasma to combined medical therapy in androgenetic alopecia
Authors: Ramadan Wafaa Mohammad , Hassan Arwa Mohammad , Ismail Mayada A. , El Attar Yasmina Ahmed 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundAndrogenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common hair loss disorder.ObjectivesTo evaluate the therapeutic effects of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) in androgenetic alopecia.MethodsThis study was done on 126 AGA patients, 42 patients survived as control group who received medical treatment, only other 84 patients were subdivided into two groups, and they received PRP sessions as co‐adjuvant therapy using different methods administration. Patients were evaluated clinically, by dermoscopy and by digital dermoscopy to measure hair density and diameters before and after treatment.ResultsPRP‐treated patients showed statistically significant increase in hair density and diameter measurements than control group. These results increased by using microneedling as a method of PRP administration.ConclusionIn AGA, the addition of “PRP with microneedling” to the combined medical treatment increases its efficacy and shortens the time needed for optimum improvement.Study designSingle‐blinded randomized controlled study.
Patients recovering from COVID‐19 pneumonia in sub‐acute care exhibit severe frailty: Role of the nurse assessment
Authors: Mandora Elena , Comini Laura , Olivares Adriana , Fracassi Michela , Cadei Maria Grazia , Paneroni Mara , Marchina Lucia , Suruniuc Adrian , Luisa Alberto , Scalvini Simonetta , Corica Giacomo , Vitacca Michele 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo document the level of frailty in sub‐acute COVID‐19 patients recovering from acute respiratory failure and investigate the associations between frailty, assessed by the nurse using the Blaylock Risk Assessment Screening Score (BRASS), and clinical and functional patient characteristics during hospitalisation.BackgroundFrailty is a major problem in patients discharged from acute care, but no data are available on the frailty risk in survivors of COVID‐19 infection.DesignA descriptive cross‐sectional study (STROBE checklist).MethodsAt admission to sub‐acute care in 2020, 236 COVID‐19 patients (median age 77 years – interquartile range 68–83) were administered BRASS and classified into 3 levels of frailty risk. The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) was also administered to measure physical function and disability. Differences between BRASS levels and associations between BRASS index and clinical parameters were analysed.ResultsThe median BRASS index was 14.0 (interquartile range 9.0–20.0) denoting intermediate frailty (32.2%, 41.1%, 26.7% of patients exhibited low, intermediate and high frailty, respectively). Significant differences emerged between the BRASS frailty classes regards to sex, comorbidities, history of cognitive deficits, previous mechanical ventilation support and SPPB score. Patients with no comorbidities (14%) exhibited low frailty (BRASS: median 5.5, interquartile range 3.0–12.0). Age ≥65 years, presence of comorbidities, cognitive deficit and SPPB % predicted <50% were significant predictors of high frailty.ConclusionsMost COVID‐19 survivors exhibit substantial frailty and require continuing care after discharge from acute care.Relevance to clinical practiceThe BRASS index is a valuable tool for nurses to identify those patients most at risk of frailty, who require a programme of rehabilitation and community reintegration.
Factors associated with the occurrence of falls among older people with and without cataracts: Structural equation modelling analysis
Authors: Tavares Darlene Mara dos Santos , Oliveira Nayara Gomes Nunes , Oliveira Neilzo Nunes , Ikegami Érica Midori 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo identify the frequency of falls among older people with and without cataracts and to verify the association of sociodemographic, clinical and behavioural variables with the number of falls among community‐dwelling older adults according to self‐reported cataracts.BackgroundAlthough the literature on the topic is vast, no studies were found that described the explanatory factors for the relationship between sociodemographic, clinical and behavioural variables with the occurrence of falls in older people, with and without cataracts, through models previously tested in mediation analysis.Design and MethodThis is a cross‐sectional and quantitative study guided by the STROBE, conducted with two groups: older people with (268) and without cataracts (689). For analysing the data, the path analysis was performed.ResultsThe occurrence of falls among the older people with cataracts was higher than in the group without cataracts. In both groups, frailty and depressive symptoms were directly associated with a higher occurrence of falls. Among older people with cataracts, the lowest physical performance score and the highest sedentary behaviour were directly associated with the highest number of falls. Among the older people without cataract, the youngest age, the highest number of morbidities and functional disability for instrumental activities of daily living were directly associated with the occurrence of falls.ConclusionThe older people with cataracts have a higher frequency of falls. The factors associated with the occurrence of falls differ between the older people with and without cataracts.Relevance to clinical practiceThe expanded understanding of the factors associated with falls among community‐dwelling older adults, differentiating those with and without cataracts, guides the health professional in the development and implementation of measures to reduce the occurrence of these events.
Is the extent of lymphadenectomy a prognostic factor in International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage II endometrioid endometrial cancer?
Authors: Cuylan Zeliha Firat , Akilli Huseyin , Gungorduk Kemal , Demirkiran Fuat , Oz Murat , Salman Mehmet Coskun , Sozen Hamdullah , Celik Husnu , Gokcu Mehmet , Bese Tugan , Meydanli Mehmet Mutlu , Ozgul Nejat , Topuz Samet , Kuscu Esra , Kuru Oguzhan , Gokmen Sibel , Gultekin Murat , Ayhan Ali 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of adequate lymph node dissection (LND) (≥10 pelvic lymph nodes (LNs) and ≥ 5 paraaortic LNs removed) in patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage II endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC).MethodsA multicenter department database review was performed to identify patients who had been operated and diagnosed with stage II EEC at seven centers in Turkey retrospectively. Demographic, clinicopathological, and survival data were collected and analyzed.ResultsWe identified 284 women with stage II EEC. There were 170 (59.9%) patients in the adequate lymph node dissection (LND) group and 114 (40.1%) in the inadequate LND group. The 5‐year overall survival (OS) rate of the inadequate LND group was significantly lower than that of the adequate LND group (84.1% vs. 89.1%, respectively; p = 0.028). In multivariate analysis, presence of lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23–4.63; p = 0.009), age ≥ 60 (HR: 3.30, 95% CI: 1.65–6.57; p = 0.001], and absence of adjuvant therapy (HR: 2.74, 95% CI: 1.40–5.35; p = 0.003) remained as independent risk factors for decreased 5‐year disease‐free survival (DFS). Inadequate LND (HR: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.18–4.63; p < 0.001), age ≥ 60 (HR: 2.67, 95% CI: 1.25–5.72; p = 0.011), and absence of adjuvant therapy (HR: 4.95, 95% CI: 2.28–10.73; p < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for decreased 5‐year OS in multivariate analysis.ConclusionAdequate LND and adjuvant therapy were significant for the improvement of outcomes in FIGO stage II EEC patients. Furthermore, LVSI was associated with worse 5‐year DFS rate in stage II EEC.
Drug Transaction Experiences in American High Schools 2001‐2015
Authors: Brown Brande , Ruggles Kelly V. , Le Francesca T. , Rajan Sonali 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAmong adolescents, the pathway from being offered drugs to engaging in drug use has been established. The prevalence of drug transactions specifically in schools is less understood. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of adolescents who have reported drug transaction experiences (being offered, sold, or given an illegal drug) on school property and subsequently identify behavioral correlates associated with these experiences.METHODSThis study analyzed YRBS data from 2001 to 2015 (N = 117,815). We used 95% confidence intervals to evaluate differences in prevalence across years and demographic subgroups. Odds ratios determined the likelihood of engaging in risk behaviors among those youth also experiencing drug transactions on school property.RESULTSEvery survey year, at least 1 in 5 youth reported having drug transaction experiences at school. Boys consistently reported significantly higher rates of drug transaction experiences in comparison to girls, with Hispanic boys representing the highest rates. Youth reporting these experiences with drug transactions were also more likely to carry a weapon to school and to be bullied at school.ConclusionsImplications for the reduction of drug transactions in high schools are discussed and recommendations for prevention efforts addressing youth engagement in multiple risk behaviors are identified.
Sensory characterization of conventional and organic extra virgin olive oil by Check‐all‐that‐apply and emotional responses methods
Authors: de Melo Bruna Guedes , de Lima Dutra Mariana Borges , Alencar Natália Manzatti Machado 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the sensory characterization of commercial and organic extra virgin olive oils by the Check‐all‐that‐apply (CATA) and emotional responses methodologies. The samples were evaluated for viscosity and yellow color by 120 consumers using CATA, acceptance test, purchase intention test, emotional responses, and ideal scaling, allowing the construction of two External Preference Maps aimed to associate the results from the overall impression with the terms from CATA and the emotional responses. The samples Conventional 2 and Organic 2 presented greater proximity with positive descriptors and emotions, while the samples Conventional 4 and Organic 4 were correlated with negative descriptors and emotions, which was also observed in the acceptance and purchase intention tests, showing the consumers' preference for softer products.Practical applicationThe results of this study showed that most consumers do not like the bitterness and piquancy present in olive oils. For them, the oil should be sensorially smooth. In return, they want to buy olive oils of the highest nutritional quality. This demonstrates that, most consumers are laymen and do not know that the greater the bitterness and spiciness the greater the presence of bi‐active compounds present in the products. This study makes it evident that we must inform consumers about how the sensory part is related to physical–chemical aspects of products. With the end of the study, it would be interesting for future studies, to identify the bioactive compounds present in the studied samples and to interrelate with the available sensory results.
Cost of preterm birth to Australian mothers: Assessing the financial impact of a birth outcome with an increasing prevalence
Authors: Fox Haylee , Callander Emily 
Published: January 2021

AimTo examine the differences in return to work time after childbirth; the differences in income; and the differences in out of pocket health‐care costs between mothers who had a preterm birth and mothers who delivered a full term baby in Australia.MethodsUsing administrative data, the length of time and ‘risk’ of returning to employment for mothers whose child was born premature relative to those whose child was born full term was reported. Multivariate linear regression models were constructed to assess the difference in maternal income and the differences in mean out‐of‐pocket costs between mothers who had a preterm birth and mothers who had a full term birth.ResultsThe mean length of time for mothers of babies born full term to return to work was 1.9 years and for mothers of preterm babies it was 2.8 years. Mothers of preterm babies had a significantly lower median income ah at 0–1, 2–3 and 4–5 years postpartum compared to mothers of full term babies. The adjusted mean out of pocket costs for health care paid by mothers who had a preterm birth was $1298 for those whose child was aged 32–36 weeks; and $2491 for those whose child was aged <32 weeks. This is in comparison to mothers of children born 37 weeks and over, whose mean out of pocket costs were $1059.ConclusionMothers who have a preterm birth have longer return to work time, a lower weekly income and also have higher out of pocket costs compared with mothers who have a full term birth.