bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leaf thickness of barley: genetic dissection, candidate genes identification and its relationship with yield-related traits
Authors: Zheng Zhi , Hu Haiyan , Gao Shang , Zhou Hong , Luo Wei , Kage Udaykumar , Liu Chunji , Jia Jizeng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Leaf thickness (LT) is an important characteristic affecting leaf functions which have been intensively studied. However, as LT has a small dimension in many plant species and technically difficult to measure, previous studies on this characteristic are often based on indirectly estimations. In the first study of detecting QTL controlling LT by directly measuring the characteristic in barley, large and stable loci were detected from both field and glasshouse trials conducted in different cropping seasons. Four loci (locating on chromosome arms 2H, 3H, 5H and 6H, respectively) were consistently detected for flag leaf thickness (FLT) in each of these trials. The one on 6H had the largest effect, with a maximum LOD 9.8 explaining up to 20.9% of phenotypic variance. FLT does not only show strong interactions with flag leaf width and flag leaf area but has also strong correlations with fertile tiller number, spike row types, kernel number per spike, and heading date. Though with reduced efficiency, these loci were also detectable from assessing second last leaf of fully grown plants or even from assessing the third leaves of seedlings. Taken advantage of the high-quality genome assemblies for both parents of the mapping population used in this study, three candidate genes underlying the 6H QTL were identified based on orthologous analysis. These results do not only provide direct evidence showing the importance of LT in improving kernel yield of cereal crops but also form the bases for cloning and functional analysis of genes regulating LT in barley.
Prevention and Management of Type II Diabetes Chronic Complications:
The Role of Polyphenols (Mini-Review)
Authors: Pani Arianna , Baratta Francesco , Pastori Daniele , Coronati Mattia , Scaglione Francesco , del Ben Maria 
Published: September 2021

Abstract:
The numerous complications of diabetes may be at least in part generated by
the oxidative stress associated with the constant state of hyperglycemia. Polyphenols are
plant-based secondary metabolites that have high potentials in the prevention and treatment
of some diseases, in particular those that involve oxidative stress, such as complications
of diabetes. The purpose of this narrative review is to show the main evidence regarding
the role of polyphenols in treating and preventing these complications. For the
bibliographic research, the papers published up to March 15, 2021, were considered, and
the search terms included words relating to polyphenols, their classes and some more
known compounds in association with the complications of diabetes.
There are numerous studies showing how polyphenols are active against endothelial damage
induced by diabetes, oxidative stress and hyperinflammatory states that are at the origin of
the complications of diabetes. Compounds such as flavonoids, but also anthocyanins, stilbenes
or lignans slow the progression of kidney damage, prevent ischemic events and diabetic
nephropathy. Many of these studies are preclinical, in cellular or animal models.
The role of polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of diabetes complications is undoubtedly
promising. However, more clinical trials need to be implemented to understand
the real effectiveness of these compounds.
sFlt-1: A Double Regulator in Angiogenesis-related Diseases
Authors: Liao Li , Zhao Xingtao , Zhou Mengting , Deng Ying , Li Yunxia , Peng Cheng 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a supergene family derived from a
platelet growth factor. It plays a pivotal role in regulating angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. sFlt-1 is a soluble
antagonist of VEGF with an essential effect of maintaining the balance of vascular growth. Recently, sFlt-1
has emerged as a new marker for early diagnosis and disease surveillance of angiogenesis-related diseases.
However, few comprehensive reviews focus on the relationship between sFlt-1 and related diseases despite that
many results have yielded.

Methods:
In this review, we analyzed the relationship between sFlt-1 and angiogenesis-related diseases by
searching PubMed, Web of Science, and other databases, and summarized our current understanding of the role
of sFlt-1 in angiogenesis-related diseases.

Results:
sFlt-1 is associated with pre-eclampsia, perinatal cardiomyopathy, diabetic nephropathy, hypertension,
tumor, atherosclerosis, and other diseases. The mechanisms of sFlt-1 that regulate those diseases are mainly associated
with the bioavailability of VEGF and vascular endothelial cell integrity.

Conclusion:
From the summary article, sFlt-1 is a double regulator in angiogenesis-related diseases; too much
or too little may cause different diseases. Therefore, maintaining the stability of sFlt-1 content in the body is essential
to control the development of related diseases.
Preparation and Evaluation of Valnemulin Hydrochloride Taste-Masking Granules
Authors: Chen Dongmei , Xie Shuyu , Liang Yongjie , Hu Danlei , Yan Yuanyuan 
Published: September 2021

Background:
The bitter taste and strong irritation of valnemulin hydrochloride limit its
wide clinical application in pigs by oral.

Method:
In order to improve its palatability and residence time in the body, the valnemulin hydrochloride
taste-masking granules with sustained-release were prepared by combining solid dispersion
based on fatty acid with wet granulation. The formulation was screened by orthogonal test
with content, yield, grain size and angle of repose as evaluation indexes.

Result:
The results showed that the optimal granules were composed of corn starch, sucrose, citric
acid, valnemulin hydrochloride and myristic acid at a ratio of 40: 20: 20: 11: 19. The daily feed intake
of pigs in the optimum taste-masking granule groups was similar to that of its self-control, and
significantly higher than that in the valnemulin hydrochloride active ingredient group, suggesting
that the optimum granules have satisfactory palatability. The prepared granules improved the oral
bioavailability of valnemulin hydrochloride by 3.04 folds and extended its mean residence time (MRT)
by 2.33 folds.

Conclusion:
The granules developed in this study could obviously improve the palatability and sustained
release of valnemulin hydrochloride. The producing method of granules by combining solid
dispersion powder with wet granulation can provide ideas for other drugs with poor palatability
and a short half-life.
The Medicinal Chemistry of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazoles: Focus on Infectious Diseases
Authors: França Rodolfo Rodrigo Florido , Menozzi Cheyene Almeida Celestino , Castelo-Branco Frederico Silva , Hoelz Lucas Villas Bôas , Boechat Nubia 
Published: September 2021

:
Infectious diseases are among the leading causes of death worldwide, especially in developing
countries. The historical lack of interest of the pharmaceutical industry in developing new
drugs against many of these diseases, such as tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, sleeping
sickness, and fungal infections, has left millions of individuals dependent on old treatments that are
often ineffective and present different adverse effects. In this sense, new substances against these
diseases must be identified. A class of substances that has stood out in the search for new drugs
against these diseases is azole derivatives. Within this class, the 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole nucleus has
attracted increasing interest due to its potential, specifically when compared to the 1,2,4-triazole nucleus
without the presence of the nitro group, and also in relation to the 2-nitroimidazole nucleus,
showing greater potency and selectivity against different etiological agents. This is even more relevant
considering that 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazolic substances can promote their activity through different
mechanisms of action, such as the inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis and also via activation by
the nitroreductase enzyme, which can avoid the development of cross-resistance. Therefore, in this
review, the medicinal chemistry of nitrotriazoles is discussed through the analysis of their potential
in terms of biological activity against the etiological agents of several diseases, such as Chagas disease,
sleeping sickness and leishmaniasis, caused by kinetoplastid parasites, tuberculosis, caused by
the mycobacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and against different species of pathogenic fungi. In
addition, aspects related to enzymatic activities, molecular modeling and organic synthesis of these
substances are also addressed.
Lymphadenopathy as a Prodrome for Systemic Lupus Erythematous
Authors: Kinariwalla Neha , Steed Kelly , Mundi Prabjot S. 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Lupus lymphadenopahy (LL) has an estimated incidence of 1% at diagnosis.
Here, we report a case of systemic lupus erythematous which presented with a prodrome of generalized
lymphadenopathy and fevers.

Case Presentation:
A 41-year-old woman presented to the hospital with one month of fevers,
chills, lymphadenopathy, abdominal pain, a bilateral upper extremity rash, and malaise. Physical
exam was notable for tender, palpable posterior cervical lymph nodes that were mobile and about 1
cm in maximum diameter. After extensive infectious, hematologic, and autoimmune evaluations, a
diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) was made and treatment with high-dose steroids
and hydroxychloroquine which resulted in gradual improvement in symptoms.

Conclusion:
Systemic lupus erythematous can present with a subtle prodrome of generalized lymphadenopathy.
It is important for medical professionals to consider SLE in the differential in a patient
with diffuse lymphadenopathy.
Exploring the Hypothesis of a Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Continuum:
Biological, Genetic and Pharmacologic Data
Authors: de Sousa Teresa Reynolds , DT Correia , Novais Filipa 
Published: September 2021

:
Present time nosology has its roots in Kraepelin’s demarcation of schizophrenia and
bipolar disorder. However, accumulating evidence has shed light on several commonalities between
the two disorders, and some authors have advocated for the consideration of a disease continuum.
Here, we review previous genetic, biological and pharmacological findings that provide the
basis for this conceptualization. There is a cross-disease heritability, and they share single-nucleotide
polymorphisms in some common genes. EEG and imaging patterns have a number of similarities,
namely reduced white matter integrity and abnormal connectivity. Dopamine, serotonin,
GABA and glutamate systems have dysfunctional features, some of which are identical among the
disorders. Finally, cellular calcium regulation and mitochondrial function are, also, impaired in the
two.
Impact of Sitagliptin on Non-diabetic Covid-19 Patients
Authors: Batiha Gaber El-Saber , Al-kuraishy Hayder M. , Al-Gareeb Ali I. , Qusty Naeem , Alexiou Athanasios 
Published: September 2021

Objective:In coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), SARS-CoV-2 may use dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) as an entry-point in different tissues expressing these receptors. DPP4 inhibitors (DPP4Is), also named gliptins, like sitagliptin, have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, thereby lessen inflammatory and oxidative stress in diabetic Covid-19 patients. Therefore, the present study aimed to illustrate the potential beneficial effect of sitagliptin in managing Covid-19 in non-diabetic patients.Methods:A total number of 89 patients with Covid-19 were recruited from a single center at the time of diagnosis. The recruited patients were assigned according to the standard therapy for Covid-19 and our interventional therapy into two groups; Group A: Covid-19 patients on the standard therapy (n=40) and Group B: Covid-19 patients on the standard therapy plus sitagliptin (n=49). The duration of this interventional study was 28 days according to the guideline in managing patients with Covid-19. Routine laboratory investigations, serological tests, Complete Blood Count (CBC), C-reactive Protein (CRP), D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and serum ferritin were measured to observed Covid-19 severity and complications. Lung Computed Tomography (CT) and clinical scores were evaluated.Results:The present study illustrated that sitagliptin as an add-on to standard therapy improved clinical outcomes, radiological scores, and inflammatory biomarkers than standard therapy alone in non-diabetic patients with Covid-19 (P<0.01).Conclusions:Sitagliptin as an add-on to standard therapy in managing non-diabetic Covid-19 patients may have a robust beneficial effect by modulating inflammatory cytokines with subsequent good clinical outcomes.
Analysis of Tourism Promotion Strategies Through Twitter Social Media: A Case Study in Yogyakarta
Authors: Kurniawan Danang , Wahyuni Herpita , Sutan Arissy Jorgi 
Published: September 2021

Social media helps deliver information efficiently, Yogyakarta Government used social media to provide information on Yogyakarta’s tourism to society, mainly the local or foreign tourists. This research aims to see the strategy of delivering news of the City of Yogyakarta government to promote the tourism destination during the covid-19 pandemic transition period, using social media account @Jogja/Yogyakarta of City of Yogyakarta government in Twitter. This research used the qualitative approach with application-based used, or (Qualitative Data Analysis Software) the software used in this research is NVivo 12 plus. In the part of the analysis used NVivo 12 Plus, begin with: (1) capture the data, (2) Import the information, (3) Coding the data, (4) Classification the data, and (5) Display the data. This research shows that to promote tourism in Yogyakarta City applied with the integrated and consistent, after the Phenomena of Ciovid-19. Strategy to deliver the information focused on attracting the tourist to visit with applied the health protocol strictly, so that cerate the new culture that aims to reduce the spread of Covid-19, by limiting capacity, using Jogja Smart Service in monitoring the number of visitors.
Afecciones, manifestaciones y repercusiones nefrológicas del COVID-19
Authors: Amador Cannals Annia Cristina , Vargas Rodríguez Ledmar Jovanny , Rodríguez Mongui David Alexis , Aborashed Amador Nahala Fahed , Rozo Ortiz Edwar Jassir 
Published: September 2021

Introducción: La enfermedad del coronavirus (COVID – 19) surgió en Wuhan, China a finales del año 2019. Este es un microorganismo, que por su secuenciación de genoma y análisis filogénico pertenece al grupo de betacoronavirus en el mismo subgénero que el virus del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS). El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar las afecciones y manifestaciones clínicas renales de los pacientes con infección por este virus.
Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura, donde se incluyeron estudios que evaluaran afecciones, manifestaciones y repercusiones renales en pacientes mayores de 18 años con infección por COVID-19. Las búsquedas fueron realizadas usando las bases de datos de Pubmed/Medline, Science direct, Scopus, BIREME, Redalyc, Scielo y el Directory of Open Acess Journals (DOAJ).
Resultados: En total se incluyeron 24 estudios donde se mencionaban las distintas afecciones renales de estos pacientes. A nivel microscópico existen distintas alteraciones tales como pérdida del borde en cepillo, degeneración vacuolar, dilatación de la luz tubular con restos celulares y en algunas ocasiones necrosis franca en los túbulos proximales, desprendimiento epitelial de la membrana basal tubular y pielonefritis aguda con múltiples focos bacterianos y cilindros de células polimorfonucleares (PMN) difusos en los túbulos. A nivel del glomérulo se observó expansión mensangial nodular y la presencia de abundantes eritrocitos que obstruían las luces capilares peritubulares.
Conclusiones: El SARS-CoV-2 es un virus que tiene alta afinidad por los receptores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina II (ECA-2), los cuales se encuentran en distintos órganos del cuerpo, incluyendo los riñones. La unión del virus a este receptor puede conllevar distintas alteraciones microscópicas en las células renales, lo cual va a generar algunos trastornos importantes como alteraciones hidroelectrolíticas, elevación o aumento de creatinina sérica, siendo un indicador de lesión renal aguda que en algunos casos puede cronificarse en estos pacientes.
Modelling of solar thermal energy for household use in equatorial latitude by using the F-Chart model
Authors: Mateo Astudillo-Flores  , Esteban Zalamea-Leon  , Antonio Barragán-Escandón  , M.R.Pelaez Samaniego  , John Calle-Siguencia  
Published: September 2021

The Andean Equatorial Region, due to its geographic location, shows great potential for using solar energy. Solar thermal energy is of interest in the residential sector in Ecuador and other Andean countries as a method to avoid fossil-derived fuels consumption. However, previous learnings of the operation of solar water heatingsystems in other latitudes cannot be used in the conditions of Ecuador. Thus, the performance of the solar thermal energy systems in this geographic region deserves further study that consider typical high levels of cloudiness and fast climate oscillations. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of the orientation of solar thermal plates on their energy efficiency and model the behaviour of these systems to predict their operation under Equatorial Andean climate conditions. For the F-Chart calibration different slopes angles were used, according to the typical roofs slopes in Cuenca, Ecuador. Results showed a monthly solar fraction, contributed by an evacuated tube collector is 26% higher than the flat plate collectors. The results also depict that, in the conditions of Cuenca, the greater solar water heating occurs when the collector is inclined 14° and facing towards the south. These findings can be used to predict the best operational conditions for using solar thermal energy collectors to produce hot water in the residential sector under equatorial highland altitude conditions.
PENGARUH KETINGGIAN PIER JEMBATAN TERHADAP PERILAKU KEDALAMAN JEPIT GROUP FONDASI TIANG BOR AKIBAT PUSHOVER ANALISIS
Authors: Hanif Basit Al 
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini membahas perilaku respon tiang fondasi terhadap ketinggian pier akibat beban pushover analisis. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan peninggian kolom pier dengan kekakuan (EI) tetap, dan peninggian kolom pier dengan memvariasikan nilai EI. Dengan variabel-variabel yang telah ditentukan, dilakukan analisis pushover pada struktur jembatan, dan dianalisis perilaku grup fondasi tiang bor akibat beban pushover. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis nonlinear finite elemnet dengan menggunakan program Midas Civil guna menganalisis struktur jembatan dan program FB-Multipier guna analisis respon tiang fondasi. Dengan memepertahankan nilai EI pada tiap ketinggian, mendapatkan gaya geser dasar tiang pier mengecil pada setiap bertambahnya ketinggian. Sedangkan dengan melakukan variasi nilai kekakuan EI, mendapatkan gaya geser dasar yang relatif sama besarnya pada tiap-tiap ketinggian. Nilai kekakuan EI yang tetap, tidak memengaruhi nilai kedalaman jepit tiang. Sedangkan nilai variasi kekakuan EI, memengaruhi dari nilai kedalaman jepit tiang fodasi.
The international business incubator as an entry mode – a systematic literaturę review
Authors: Nguyen Cao Son 
Published: September 2021

Background: Entry mode choice is a topic that has interested academic researchers for decades. Entry modes have been frequently conceptualized along a continuum from the export, through various forms of contractual and equity-based cooperation with partners in foreign markets, to wholly-owned subsidiaries. However, the barriers and challenges related to entering foreign markets remain significant for newcomers. A new phenomenon, namely the “international business incubator” (IBI), which is aimed at facilitating an enterprise’s entry into a foreign market, has recently emerged and been described in the literature as a new entry mode.
Research purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the existing knowledge in the lit-erature relating to the IBI as a method of foreign market entry.
Methods: A systematic literature review using a keyword search in various academic databases was employed with the aim of answering the research questions proposed.
Conclusions: The findings indicate that although the IBI phenomenon has become more wide­spread, the literature on this topic is very limited at present. The findings also reveal that improved risk/control trade-off, lower market entry costs, enhanced knowledge, network relationship, trust, institutional aspects, and strategic resource commitment are the main characteristics that give IBI advantages over other entry modes. Based on the findings of the existing body of knowledge, the pa­per provides recommendations for future research, which can contribute to the literature on the IBI.
Modern approaches to local treatment of metastatic prostate cancer (literature review)
Authors: Golovko S.V. , Golovko A.S. 
Published: September 2021

The potential oncological benefit of modern technological, laboratorial and imaging studies significantly improved disease-free survival rates in patients suffering from prostate cancer (PCa). Systematic reviews carried out in men with metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) identify plenty of studies, especially dedicated to local treatment options. Unfortunately, young and fit patients with mPCa at diagnosis present unexpected resistance towards proposed treatment. Oncological outcomes demonstrate high rate of cancer-specific and overall mortality with precursory invasion of adjacent structures and impaired quality of life in patients.
Current literature review was carried out using mainly PubMed and SciELO database to identify and analyze advances of local treatment of mPCa. The most relevant articles included studies performed from March 2005 to November 2020.
According to the last brief reviews, main indication for providing primary treatment of PCa includes nonmetastatic PCa. Additionaly, it may be performed as palliative treatment for mPCa to minimize local invasion, prevent arising of new metastasis and provide better biological answer of chemotherapy and hormonal treatment. Recent data suggests that local treatment and overall survival turned out to be more effective in patients under 70 years. Thus, independent negative prognostic factors mentioned in patients with mPCa are age above 70 years, cT4 stage or high-grade disease, PSA і 20 ng/ml, and pelvic lymphadenopathies. While comparing patients who underwent local treatment with those one who did not, the presence of these 3 or more CSS and OS factors conditions remains the same. Metastasis degree and location number can also influence outcome. Furthermore, visceral metastases lead to worse prognosis.
Exploring new treatment options for mPCa awoke interest in scientists in recent years. Radical prostatectomy and target radiation therapy remain the most effective in achieving local disease control and, thus, control of systemic disease. There is growing evidence supporting local treatment in cases of metastatic prostate cancer at diagnosis in the context of a multimodal approach. However, its oncological effect requires prospective studies with well-defined patient selection criteria. Prospective multicentric studies might sustain the existing data and define the main indications for primary treatment in mPCa.