bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation Nerve Conduction Studies with Findings of the Ultrasound of the Median Nerve in Patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Torres-Cuenca Thomas , Ortiz-Corredor Fernando , Diaz-Ruiz Jorge , Orozco-Salomon Diego , Naranjo-Quevedo Andrés 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Ultrasonography is a diagnostic resource that serves as a complement in
the evaluation of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. The correlation of ultrasonography findings
with nerve conduction studies can serve to classify new phenotypes and to evaluate therapeutic responses.

Objectives:
To determine the diagnostic sensitivity of ultrasound, the correlation between the diameter
of the nerve (CSA) against the motor and sensitive latencies, and the capacity to differentiate
the mild, moderate and severe degrees of the electrophysiological classification of carpal tunnel
syndrome.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study with prospective data collection was carried out. An ultrasonography
system with a 15 MHz transducer was used. Nerve conduction studies of the median nerve
were performed with conventional techniques. Data from the most symptomatic hand were used.
Determination of the correlations of nerve diameter with motor and sensitive latencies of the median
nerve was performed in four age groups: <40(n=11), 40-54 (n=47), 55-70 (n=42) y
>70(n=27).

Results :
A total of 127 patients were evaluated (average age = 58.2 years: minimum = 26; maximum
= 85; SD = 13.4); 109 (85.8%) were female patients. According to the electrophysiological
classification, 40 (31.5%) were mild ; 60 (47.2%) were moderate ; and 27 (21.3%) were severe .
Significant differences in the area of the median nerve were found between the electrophysiological
types (mild, moderate and severe; p = 0.000). The diagnostic sensitivity of ultrasonography differed
for each age group. In general, the diagnostic sensitivity was high in patients with severe cases
and low for mild cases. The capacity for ultrasonography to classify the degrees of electrophysiological
severity was different for each age group. For patients above 70 years and in the age group
of 40 to 54 years, the CSA did not differentiate the electrophysiologically moderate cases from the
severe ones.

Conclusions:
There is a well-defined and significant correlation between nerve conduction studies
and median nerve diameter in patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. However, it shows that the
exclusive use of the ultrasonographic measurement of the cross-sectional area through the inlet of
the carpal tunnel would not be enough to confirm or rule out an entrapment of the median nerve
through the carpal tunnel, nor to predict in every case their electrophysiological severity.
An Active and Low-cost Microwave Imaging System for Detection of
Breast Cancer Using Back Scattered Signal
Authors: Gupta Anupma , Chawla Paras , Kansal Ankush , Singh Kulbir 
Published: January 2021

:
A defected ground antenna with dielectric reflector is designed and investigated for breast tumour diagnosis. Ultra-wide band resonance (3.1 to 10.6 GHz) is achieved by etching two slots and adding a narrow vertical strip in a patch antenna. A high dielectric constant substrate is added below the antenna, which shows remarkable effect on performance. Antenna performance is verified experimentally on an artificially fabricated breast tissue and tumour. Malignant tissue has different dielectric properties than the normal tissue, that causes deviation in the scattered antenna power. Average value of backscattered signal variation and ground penetrating radar (GPR) algorithm is used to localize the tumour of radius 4mm in breast tissue.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 4, 6-Coumarin Derivatives as Anti- Cancer and Apoptosis-Inducing Agents
Authors: Yan Guoyi , Luo Jiang , Han Xuan , Zhang Wenjuan , Pu Chunlan , Zhou Meng , Zhong Xinxin , Hou Xueyan , Hou Man Zhou , Li Rui 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Coumarin structures were widely employed in anti-cancer drug design. Herein we focused
on the modifications of C4 and C6 positions on coumarin scaffold to get novel anti-cancer agents.

Objective:
The objective of the current work was the synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of 4, 6-coumarin
derivatives to get novel anticancer agents.

Methods:
Thirty-seven coumarin derivatives were designed and synthesized, the antiproliferative activity of the
compounds was evaluated against human cancer cell lines and non-cancerous cells by MTT assay. The bioactivities
and underlying mechanisms of active molecules were studied and the ADMET characters were predicted.

Results:
Among the compounds, 4-p-hydroxy phenol-6-pinacol borane coumarin (25) exhibited a promising anti-
cancer activity to cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent manner and the toxicity to normal cells was low. The
mechanism of action was observed by inducing G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis which was further confirmed
via western blot. In silico ADMET prediction revealed that compound 25 is a drug-like small molecule with a
favorable safety profile.

Conclusion:
The findings in this work may give vital information for further development of 6-pinacol borane
coumarin derivatives as novel anti-cancer agents.
In Vitro Anticoccidial Activities of the Extract and Fractions of Garcinia kola (Heckel h.) Against Eimeria tenella Oocyst
Authors: Shetshak Manji A. , Jatau Isa D. , Suleiman Muhammed M. , Ameh Matthew P. , Gabriel Ada , Akefe Isaac O. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Commercial poultry farming is expanding every day
and contributing to the provision of affordable and high-quality protein. However,
this sector is confronted with many diseases of which coccidiosis is among
the most important. There are many registered patents affirming the health benefits
of Garcinia kola in poultry.

Objective:
Evaluation of in vitro anticoccidial activities of the extracts and fractions
of Garcinia kola against Eimeria tenella oocyst was carried out.

Method:
Fresh seeds of G. kola were collected, dried under shade at room temperature,
and pulverized using a mortar and a pestle. The powder was exhaustively
extracted with a soxhlet apparatus using 70% methanol, and the crude
methanol extract (CME) was concentrated to dryness using a rotary evaporator.
The CME was further partitioned using butanol, ethylacetate, and n-hexane. The
CME, butanol fraction (BTF), ethylacetate fraction (EAF), and hexane fraction
(HXF) were concentrated in vacuo and tested for the presence of phytochemical
constituents using standard procedures. Similarly, the CME, butanol, ethyl acetate,
and hexane fractions were evaluated in vitro for oocyst sporulation inhibition.

Results:
Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of cardiac glycosides,
saponins, carbohydrates, steroids/triterpenes, tannins, flavonoids, and alkaloids
in the CME and BTF. The EAF contains all the metabolites mentioned except
saponins. Similarly, HXF contains only cardiac glycosides, tannins, and steroids/
triterpenes. The CME and BTF caused a concentration-dependent increase in
the inhibition of sporulation of unsporulated oocysts of E. tenella. In the acute
toxicity studies, the CME did not produce any toxic effect or mortality at doses
between 10 and 5000 mg/kg. The CME was then considered safe, and the LD50
was assumed to be >5000 mg/kg.

Conclusion:
The data obtained in this study suggested that the crude methanol
extract (CME) of G. kola could be an appreciable beneficial effect as an anticoccidial
agent against Eimeria tenella oocyst.
Head and Neck Cancer Treatments through Chemotherapy to Magnetic Systems: Perspectives and Challenges
Authors: de Souza Junior Fernando G. , de Lima Nathali R.B. , Roullin Valérie G. , Pal Kaushik , da Silva Nathalia D. 
Published: January 2021

Background:Cancer is one of the diseases causing society’s fears as a stigma of death and pain. Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is a group of malignant neoplasms of different locations in this region of the human body. It is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Brazil, because these malignant neoplasias, in most cases, are diagnosed in late phases. Surgical excision, chemotherapy and radiotherapy encompass the forefront of antineoplastic therapy; however, the numerous side effects associated with these therapeutic modalities are well known. Some treatments present enough potential to help or replace conventional treatments, such as Magnetic Hyperthermia and Photodynamic Therapy. Such approaches require the development of new materials at the nanoscale, able to carry out the loading of their active components while presenting characteristics of biocompatibility mandatory for biomedical applications.Objective:This work aims to make a bibliographical review of HNSCC treatments. Recent techniques proven effective in other types of cancer were highlighted and raised discussion and reflections on current methods and possibilities of enhancing the treatment of HNSCC.Method:The study was based on bibliometric research between the years 2008 and 2019 using the following keywords: Cancer, Head and Neck Cancer, Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy, Photodynamic Therapy, and Hyperthermia.Results:A total of 5.151.725 articles were found, 3.712.670 about cancer, 175.470 on Head and Neck Cancer, 398.736 on Radiotherapy, 760.497 on Chemotherapy, 53.830 on Hyperthermia, and 50.522 on Photodynamic Therapy.Conclusion:The analysis shows that there is still much room for expanding research, especially for alternative therapies since most of the studies still focus on conventional treatments and on the quest to overcome their side effects. The scientific community needs to keep looking for more effective therapies generating fewer side effects for the patient. Currently, the so-called alternative therapies are being used in combination with the conventional ones, but the association of these new therapies shows great potential, in other types of cancer, to improve the treatment efficacy.
Nanovesicle Formulation Enhances Anti-inflammatory Property and Safe Use of Piroxicam
Authors: Mbah Chukwuemeka , Ogbonna Josephat , Nzekwe Ifeanyi , Ugwu George , Ezeh Richard , Builders Philip , Attama Anthony , Adikwu Michael , Ofoefule Sabinus 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Enhanced utilization of certain drugs may be possible through the development
of alternative delivery forms. It has been observed that NSAIDs have adverse gastrointestinal
tract effects such as irritation and ulceration during anti-inflammatory therapy. This challenge may
be overcome through nano topical formulations.

Objective:
This study aimed to explore the potentials of a transdermal nanovesicular formulation
for safe and enhanced delivery of piroxicam (PRX), a poorly water-soluble NSAID.

Methods:
Preformulation studies were conducted using DSC and FTIR. Ethosomal nanovesicular
carrier (ENVC) was prepared by thin-film deposition technique using Phospholipon® 90 H (P90H)
and ethanol and then converted into gel form. The formulation was characterized using a commercial
PRX gel as control. Permeation studies were conducted using rat skin and Franz diffusion cell.
Samples were assayed spectrophotometrically, and the obtained data was analyzed by ANOVA using
GraphPad Prism software.

Results:
The preformulation studies showed compatibility between PRX and P90H. Spherical vesicles
of mean size 343.1 ± 5.9 nm, and polydispersity index 0.510 were produced, which remained
stable for over 2 years. The optimized formulation (PE30) exhibited pseudoplastic flow, indicating
good consistency. The rate of permeation increased with time in the following order: PE30 > Commercial,
with significant difference (p< 0.05). It also showed higher inhibition of inflammation
(71.92 ± 9.67%) than the reference (64.12 ± 7.92%).

Conclusion:
ENVC gel of PRX was formulated. It showed potentials for enhanced transdermal delivery
and anti-inflammatory activity relative to the reference. This may be further developed as a
safe alternative to the oral form.
Assay and Dermatokinetics of Tetrahydrocurcumin Lipidic Nanostructures Using Reverse Phase-high Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Narula Priyanka , Saini Komal , Saini Megha , Singla Dinesh , Chauhan Anurag Singh , Kakkar Vandita 
Published: January 2021

Background::
Envisaging the poor solubility (56 ngml1) and permeability of tetrahydrocurcumin
(THCC), it was formulated into lipidic nanostructures to enhance its bioavailability
upon topical application to promote the healing process for skin inflammatory disorders. Lack of literature
on a suitable method for determining THCC per se and nanoformulations prompted us to develop
an RP-HPLC method to detect the drug in its nanostructures and in pig ear skin post dermatokinetics.

Objective::
The present investigation aimed to develop a simple, precise and RP-HPLC method for
the quantitative estimation of THCC in prepared lipidic nanostructures, its ointment, and in skin homogenate
obtained post dermatokinetic study.

Method::
THCC encapsulated nanostructures and ointment were formulated using a modified
emulsification method and embedded into an ointment base to enhance its spreadability and improve
patient compliance. A fast and sensitive reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography
method was developed using a Hypersil BDS reverse phase C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5
μm) with mobile phase comprising tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1 mgmL-1 citric acid (4:6), at a flow
rate of 1.0 mLmin-1 with a run time of 20 min.

Result::
THCC nanostructures were successfully prepared using the spontaneous microemulsification
method. THCC was detected at 282 nm and revealed two peaks which were attributed to the
keto-enol tautomerism in the molecule with retention times of 6.23 min and 11.06 min, respectively.
The assay of THCC in nanostructures and ointment was found to be 98.30 % and 99.98 %, with
an entrapment efficiency 77.00±2.74 %. The dermatokinetic studies revealed sufficient release of
THCC from its ointment up to 24 hr with a concentration of 1382 μgcm-2, for causing a therapeutic
effect.

Conclusion::
The method was found to be reproducible and robust, as shown by the low coefficient
of variation and a constant analyte/IS ratio. It was successfully employed for the estimation of
THCC assay in nanostructures and its ointment and dermatokinetic analysis in the skin.
Validation in the General Population of the iHealth Track Blood Pressure Monitor for Self-Measurement According to the European Society of Hypertension International Protocol Revision 2010: Descriptive Investigation
Authors: Mazoteras-Pardo Victoria , Becerro-De-Bengoa-Vallejo Ricardo , Losa-Iglesias Marta Elena , López-López Daniel , Palomo-López Patricia , Rodríguez-Sanz David , Calvo-Lobo César 
Published: January 2021

Background
High blood pressure is one of the most common reasons why patients seek assistance in daily clinical practice. Screening for hypertension is fundamental and, because hypertension is identified only when blood pressure is measured, accurate measurements are key to the diagnosis and management of this disease. The European Society of Hypertension International Protocol revision 2010 (ESH-IP2) was developed to assess the validity of automatic blood pressure measuring devices that are increasingly being used to replace mercury sphygmomanometers.

Objective
We sought to determine whether the iHealth Track blood pressure monitor meets ESH-IP2 requirements for self-measurement of blood pressure and heart rate at the brachial level and is appropriate for use in the general population.

Methods
This study was a descriptive investigation. ESH-IP2 requires a total number of 33 participants. For each measure, the difference between observer and device blood pressure and heart rate values is calculated. In all, 99 pairs of blood pressure differences are classified into 3 categories (≤5, ≤10, and ≤15 mm Hg), and 99 pairs of heart rate differences are classified into 3 categories (≤3, ≤5, and ≤8 beats/min). We followed these protocol procedures in a convenience sample of 33 participants.

Results
iHealth Track fulfilled ESH-IP2 requirements and passed the validation process successfully. We observed an absolute difference within 5 mm Hg in 75 of 99 comparisons for systolic blood pressure, 78 of 99 comparisons for diastolic blood pressure, and 89 of 99 comparisons for heart rate. The mean differences between the test and standard readings were 4.19 (SD 4.48) mm Hg for systolic blood pressure, 3.74 (SD 4.55) mm Hg for diastolic blood pressure, and 1.95 (SD 3.27) beats/min for heart rate. With regard to part 2 of ESH-IP2, we observed a minimum of 2 of 3 measurements within a 5-mm Hg difference in 29 of 33 participants for systolic blood pressure and 26 of 33 for diastolic blood pressure, and a minimum of 2 of 3 measurements within a 3-beat/min difference in 30 of 33 participants for heart rate.

Conclusions
iHealth Track readings differed from the standard by less than 5, 10, and 15 mm Hg, fulfilling ESH-IP2 requirements. Consequently, this device is suitable for use in the general population.
Factors Associated With Dropout of Participants in an App-Based Child Injury Prevention Study: Secondary Data Analysis of a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Li Jie , Ning Peishan , Cheng Peixia , Schwebel David C , Yang Yang , Wei Xiang , He Jieyi , Wang Wanhui , Li Ruotong , Hu Guoqing 
Published: January 2021

Background
Mobile health (mHealth) interventions offer great potential to reach large populations and improve public health. However, high attrition rates threaten evaluation and implementation of mHealth intervention studies.

Objective
We explored factors associated with attrition of study participants in an mHealth randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluating an intervention to reduce unintentional child injury risk in China.

Methods
The cluster RCT compared two groups of an app-based intervention for caregivers of 3-6–year-old children (Bao Hu San). The intervention group received unintentional child injury and parenting education, whereas only parenting education was implemented in the control group. The trial included 2920 study participants in Changsha, China, and lasted 6 months. Data on participant engagement (using the app) were collected electronically throughout the 6-month period. Associations between participant attrition and demographic characteristics, and between attrition and intervention engagement were tested and quantified separately for the intervention and control groups using the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) based on generalized linear mixed models.

Results
In total, 2920 caregivers from 20 eligible preschools participated, with 1510 in the intervention group and 1410 in the control group. The 6-month attrition rate differed significantly between the two groups (P<.001), at 28.9% (437/1510) in the intervention group and 35.7% (503/1410) in the control group. For the intervention group, the only significant predictor of attrition risk was participants who learned fewer knowledge segments (aOR 2.69, 95% CI 1.19-6.09). For the control group, significant predictors of attrition risk were lower monthly login frequency (aOR 1.48, 95% CI 1.00-2.18), learning fewer knowledge segments (aOR 1.70, 95% CI 1.02-2.81), and shorter learning durations during app engagement (aOR 2.39, 95% CI 1.11-5.15). Demographic characteristics were unrelated to attrition.

Conclusions
Engagement in the app intervention was associated with participant attrition. Researchers and practitioners should consider how to best engage participants in app-based interventions to reduce attrition.

Trial Registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-IOR-17010438; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=17376

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.1186/s12889-018-5790-1
Machine Learning Approach to Predict the Probability of Recurrence of Renal Cell Carcinoma After Surgery: Prediction Model Development Study
Authors: Kim HyungMin , Lee Sun Jung , Park So Jin , Choi In Young , Hong Sung-Hoo 
Published: January 2021

Background
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has a high recurrence rate of 20% to 30% after nephrectomy for clinically localized disease, and more than 40% of patients eventually die of the disease, making regular monitoring and constant management of utmost importance.

Objective
The objective of this study was to develop an algorithm that predicts the probability of recurrence of RCC within 5 and 10 years of surgery.

Methods
Data from 6849 Korean patients with RCC were collected from eight tertiary care hospitals listed in the KOrean Renal Cell Carcinoma (KORCC) web-based database. To predict RCC recurrence, analytical data from 2814 patients were extracted from the database. Eight machine learning algorithms were used to predict the probability of RCC recurrence, and the results were compared.

Results
Within 5 years of surgery, the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was obtained from the naïve Bayes (NB) model, with a value of 0.836. Within 10 years of surgery, the highest AUROC was obtained from the NB model, with a value of 0.784.

Conclusions
An algorithm was developed that predicts the probability of RCC recurrence within 5 and 10 years using the KORCC database, a large-scale RCC cohort in Korea. It is expected that the developed algorithm will help clinicians manage prognosis and establish customized treatment strategies for patients with RCC after surgery.
A Potential Unintended Consequence of Big Data: Does Information Structure Lead to Suboptimal Auditor Judgment and Decision-Making?
Authors: Holt Travis P. , Loraas Tina M. 
Published: January 2021

SYNOPSIS
This study examines the effects of information structure on auditor judgment and decision-making. Based on cognitive load theory, we predict that the variety of evidence inspired by Big Data likely lead to increased perceptions of ambiguity, which in turn impacts audit-related decisions. Additionally, we examine whether those effects are moderated by time budget pressure. We conduct an experiment with 120 auditors and find that auditors presented with varied data provide more conservative risk assessments and write down recommendations in an inventory obsolescence setting than auditors presented with a more traditional memo format. Our findings also indicate that time budget pressure moderates the effects of information structure resulting in the most conservative obsolescence risk and inventory write down assessments when presented with varied data in a high time budget pressure environment. We believe our study has important implications that should be considered before using Big Data on financial statement audits.
LA ARQUITECTURA BOLIVIANA DE LA REVOLUCIÓN DEMOCRÁTICA Y CULTURAL
Authors: Ugarte Micaela , Cabrera Juan E. 
Published: January 2021

Este trabajo presenta una primera aproximación a las características de la arquitectura estatal producida por el Estado boliviano durante el periodo 2006 a 2019 conocido como el “Proceso de Cambio” o la “Revolución Democrática y Cultural”. Tiene el objetivo de caracterizar la arquitectura producida por el Estado boliviano en comparación con códigos de la arquitectura revolucionaria de otros países, así como códigos y rasgos propios de las culturas prehispánicas de la región. El artículo examina referencias de arquitectura de otras revoluciones, revisa las características de evolución del “Proceso de Cambio”, observa las condiciones del escenario urbano boliviano, analiza una serie de hechos arquitectónicos usando el enfoque trilógico y finalmente caracteriza las principales edificaciones estatales según códigos y rasgos que coincidirían con el discurso revolucionario y el nuevo paradigma del “Vivir Bien”. La revisión y reflexión final corrobora una limitada coincidencia de la práctica arquitectónica con el discurso revolucionario y parece ratificar la noción de que la arquitectura revolucionaria es más un producto de mercado.