bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1.8 Nitrogen-Centered Radicals
Authors: Lu X.-L. , Wang B. , Chiba S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNitrogen-containing compounds are prevalent in the key components of various functional materials and compounds such as pharmaceutical drugs. Therefore, it is extremely important to develop versatile synthetic methodologies capable of constructing C—N bonds in an efficient manner under milder reaction conditions. Apart from common ionic C—N bond-forming reactions (i.e., nucleophilic and electrophilic amination, as well as transition-metal-catalyzed C—N cross-coupling processes), leveraging of nitrogen-centered radicals for C—N bond-forming process has created another dimension to the modern synthesis of nitrogen-containing compounds. In particular, recent development of novel catalytic strategies and the design of new nitrogen-radical precursors have rendered their generation and use for C—N bond formation more practical and user-friendly for synthesis of wider array of nitrogen-containing compounds of potential use. This chapter highlights the latest developments in synthetic methods for C—N bond construction using nitrogen-centered radicals by showing selected reactions, mostly reported in the last five years, based on their structural and reactivity features as well as the method of radical generation.
Reorientational dynamics in highly asymmetric binary low-molecular mixtures—A quantitative comparison of dielectric and NMR spectroscopy results
Authors: Körber Thomas , Pötzschner Björn , Krohn Felix , Rössler Ernst A. 
Published: July 2021

Previously, we scrutinized the dielectric spectra of a binary glass former made by a low-molecular high-Tg component 2-(m-tertbutylphenyl)-2′-tertbutyl-9,9′-spirobi[9H]fluorene (m-TPTS; Tg = 350 K) and low-Tg tripropyl phosphate (TPP; Tg = 134 K) [Körber et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 23, 7200 (2021)]. Here, we analyze nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and stimulated echo decays of deuterated m-TPTS-d4 (2H) and TPP (31P) and attempt to understand the dielectric spectra in terms of component specific dynamics. The high-Tg component (α1) shows relaxation similar to that of neat systems, yet with some broadening upon mixing. This correlates with high-frequency broadening of the dielectric spectra. The low-Tg component (α2) exhibits highly stretched relaxations and strong dynamic heterogeneities indicated by “two-phase” spectra, reflecting varying fractions of fast and slow liquid-like reorienting molecules. Missing for the high-Tg component, such two-phase spectra are identified down to wTPP = 0.04, indicating that isotropic reorientation prevails in the rigid high-Tg matrix stretching from close to TgTPP to Tg1wTPP. This correlates with low-frequency broadening of the dielectric spectra. Two Tg values are defined: Tg1(wTPP) displays a plasticizer effect, whereas Tg2(wTPP) passes through a maximum, signaling extreme separation of the component dynamics at low wTPP. We suggest understanding the latter counter-intuitive feature by referring to a crossover from “single glass” to “double glass” scenario revealed by recent MD simulations. Analyses reveal that a second population of TPP molecules exists, which is associated with the dynamics of the high-Tg component. However, the fractions are lower than suggested by the dielectric spectra. We discuss this discrepancy considering the role of collective dynamics probed by dielectric but not by NMR spectroscopy.
p53 deficiency induces MTHFD2 transcription to promote cell proliferation and restrain DNA damage
Authors: Li Gen , Wu Jun , Li Le , Jiang Peng 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Cancer cells acquire distinct metabolic adaptations for survival. However, how metabolic remodeling enables cancer cells to survive genomic instability stress remains poorly understood. This report shows that p53 loss or mutation reprograms folate metabolism through MTHFD2. Moreover, MTHFD2 not only influences reactive oxygen species but also unexpectedly participates in nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) in response to DNA damage. Down-regulation of MTHFD2 preferably induces apoptosis and cell proliferative arrest in p53-deficient cells but protects p53 wild-type cells by inducing the AICAR-mediated AMPK-p53-p21 activation. Collectively, it reveals both metabolism-dependent and -independent functions of MTHFD2 in controlling p53-dependent cell survival and uncovers a new role for MTHFD2 in NHEJ. MTHFD2 depletion may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of p53-deficient tumors.
Ecology of the Anthropocene signals hope for consciously managing the planetary ecosystem
Authors: Lehman Clarence , Loberg Shelby , Wilson Michael , Gorham Eville 
Published: July 2021

SignificanceHuman populations so dominate the ecology of the planet that geologists are describing this as the Anthropocene, “the time of humans.” Therefore, understanding the ecology of our time requires understanding our growth, which multiple models have sought to explain. Here we apply a unified model of ecology to understand and summarize historic and prehistoric human populations and provide predictions that concur with some of the more complicated current methods. They reveal that in our societies, and in those of our prehuman ancestors, changes involving cultural evolution have altered fundamental ecological mechanisms, producing three great ecological discontinuities that are successively related to tools, agriculture, and control of fertility. Understanding our ecological development thus far can help guide us into our future.
Vitamin D3 supplementation reduces serum markers of bone resorption and muscle damage in female basketball players with vitamin D inadequacy
Authors: Stojanović Emilija , Jakovljević Vladimir , Scanlan Aaron T. , Dalbo Vincent J. , Radovanović Dragan 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation at a dose of 4,000 IU/day for 6 weeks on serum levels of: 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], bone turnover [osteocalcin and carboxy‐terminal telopeptides of crosslinks of type I collagen (CTx‐I)], and muscle damage [lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK)] in middle adolescent (15‐18 years) and late‐adolescent to early adulthood (19‐30 years) female basketball players with inadequate vitamin D status. Participants (N=24) were randomly assigned in a double‐blind manner into a vitamin D or placebo group. Data were analyzed using separate 2×2x2 mixed ANOVAs with one within‐subjects factor (time) and two between‐subjects factors (condition and age). When a significant interaction was observed, the intra‐group changes were assessed using paired t tests and Hedge's g. Paired t‐tests comparing intra‐group changes in the vitamin D condition revealed a non‐significant large improvement in 25(OH)D (p = 0.06; g = 0.86), non‐significant small decreases in CTx‐I (p = 0.13; g = −0.22) and CK (p = 0.07; g = −0.26), as well as a significant moderate decrease in LDH (p = 0.004; g = −0.74). Paired t‐tests comparing intra‐group changes in the placebo condition revealed a significant moderate decline in 25(OH)D (p <0.001; g = −0.77), as well as significant small increases in CTx‐I (p = 0.04; g = 0.47) and CK (p = 0.04; g = 0.36). Vitamin D3 supplementation at 4,000 IU/day could be effective in reducing bone resorption and muscle damage in female basketball players with inadequate baseline vitamin D, irrespective of age.
Blind map level systematics cleaning: a quadratic estimator approach
Authors: Williams Joel , McCallum Nialh , Rotti Aditya , Thomas Daniel B. , Battye Richard , Brown Michael L. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We present the first detailed case study using quadratic estimators (QE) to diagnose and remove systematics present in observed Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) maps. In this work we focus on the temperature to polarization leakage. We use an iterative QE analysis to remove systematics, in analogy to de-lensing, recovering the primordial B-mode signal and the systematic maps. We introduce a new Gaussian filtering scheme crucial to stable convergence of the iterative cleaning procedure and validate with comparisons to semi-analytical forecasts. We study the limitations of this method by examining its performance both on idealized simulations and on more realistic, non-ideal simulations, where we assume varying de-lensing efficiencies. Finally, we quantify the systematic cleaning efficiency by presenting a likelihood analysis on the tensor to scalar ratio, r, and demonstrate that the blind cleaning results in an un-biased measurement of r, reducing the systematic induced B-mode power by nearly two orders of magnitude.
J-PAS: forecasts for dark matter-dark energy elastic couplings
Authors: Figueruelo David , Aparicio Resco Miguel , Teppa Pannia Florencia A. , Beltrán Jiménez Jose , Bettoni Dario , Maroto Antonio L. , Abramo L. Raul , Alcaniz Jailson , Benitez Narciso , Bonoli Silvia , Carneiro Saulo , Cenarro Javier , Cristóbal-Hornillos David , Dupke Renato A. , Ederoclite Alessandro , López-Sanjuan Carlos , Marín-Franch Antonio , Marra Valerio , Mendes de Oliveira Claudia , Moles Mariano , Sodré Laerte , Taylor Keith , Varela Jesús , Vázquez Ramió Héctor 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We consider a cosmological model where dark matter and dark energy feature a coupling that only affects their momentum transfer in the corresponding Euler equations. We perform a fit to cosmological observables and confirm previous findings within these scenarios that favour the presence of a coupling at more than 3σ. This improvement is mainly driven by cluster counts from Planck Sunyaev-Zeldovich data that we include as a certain prior. We subsequently perform a forecast for future J-PAS data and find that clustering measurements will permit to clearly discern the presence of an interaction within a few percent level with the uncoupled case at more than 10σ when the complete survey, covering 8500 sq. deg., is considered. We found that the inclusion of weak lensing measurements will not help to further constrain the coupling parameter. For completeness, we compare to forecasts for DESI and Euclid, which provide similar discriminating power.
Preliminary Study of Reduced Graphene Oxide Cobalt Sulfide Synthesis
Authors: Supriyanto A , Kawuri K R , Ramelan A H , Wahyuningsih S , Hanif Q A , Harjana  , Fathoni H A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Graphene is a material that has amazing electrical and optical properties. This research will discuss the effect of adding Cobalt Sulfide (CoS) on the reduction of graphene oxide (RGO) by using variations in the CoS ratio to improve the electrochemical properties of RGO. Graphene oxide (GO) is reduced by adding (Co(NO3)2.6H2O, thiourea (CH4NS) and added with ethylenediamine, then all materials reacted via solvothermal process. RGO that has been successfully synthesized will be characterized to determine the structural and chemical characteristics of the synthetic material by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopyy (SEM), and Spectrophotometer UV-Vis. According to the results characterizations there are many differences on the optical characteristic and morphology on each phase of GO, RGO and RGO CoS.
Water balance response of permafrost-affected watersheds to changes in air temperatures
Authors: Debolskiy Matvey V , Alexeev Vladimir A , Hock Regine , Lammers Richard B , Shiklomanov Alexander , Schulla Joerg , Nicolsky Dmitry , Romanovsky Vladimir E , Prusevich Alexander 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Observations show increases in river discharge to the Arctic Ocean especially in winter over the last decades but the physical mechanisms driving these changes are not yet fully understood. We hypothesize that even in the absence of a precipitation increase, permafrost degradation alone can lead to increased annual river runoff. To test this hypothesis we perform 12 millennium-long simulations over an idealized hypothetical watershed (1 km2) using a distributed, physically based water balance model (Water flow and Balance Simulation Model, WaSiM). The model is forced by both a hypothetical warming defined by an air temperature increase of 7.5 ∘C over 100 years, and a corresponding cooling scenario. To assess model sensitivity we vary soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and lateral subsurface flow configuration. Under the warming scenario, changes in subsurface water transport due to ground temperature changes result in a 7%–14% increase in annual runoff accompanied by a 6%–20% decrease in evapotranspiration. The increase in runoff is most pronounced in winter. Hence, the simulations demonstrate that changes in permafrost characteristics due to climate warming and associated changes in evapotranspiration provide a plausible mechanism for the observed runoff increases in Arctic watersheds. In addition, our experiments show that when lateral subsurface moisture transport is not included, as commonly done in global-scale Earth System Models, the equilibrium water balance in response to the warming or cooling is similar to the water balance in simulations where lateral subsurface transport is included. However, the transient changes in water balance components prior to reaching equilibrium differ greatly between the two. For example, for high saturated hydraulic conductivity only when lateral subsurface transport is considered, a period of decreased runoff occurs immediately after the warming. This period is characterized by a positive change in soil moisture storage caused by the soil moisture deficit developed during prior cooling.
Effect of water content on oxidation activity of residual coal in Goaf
Authors: Zhang Peiwei , Zhao Wenbin , Chen Kun , Liu Yang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In order to study the effect of water on the oxidation activity of residual coal in goaf, FTIR experiment was used to analyze the effect of water quality on the oxidation functional groups of coal under different soaking time; The experimental results show that based on the change trend of oxidation functional groups of coal in acidic and alkaline environment, the change of acidity and alkalinity of water will lead to the increase of - Oh peak area of coal sample; With the increase of soaking time of weak alkaline mine water, the content of Oh in coal sample is higher; The peak area of main oxidation functional groups of coal first increases and then decreases with the increase of soaking time.
The Analysis on Concrete-Face Rock-Fill Dam by Finite Element Method
Authors: Zhang Jianyou , Du Rong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Numerical model of Concrete-Face Rock-Fill Dam is built based on the large finite element software ANSYS, three- dimensional finite e1ement theory of numerical simulation is applied to Concrete-Face Rock-Fill Dam. The displacement of the dam and the stress of the concrete-faced are obtained. The deformation and the stress distribution of Concrete-Face Rock-Fill Dam in construction and impoundment are analyzed. The research result will be very useful to Concrete-Face Rock-Fill Dam’s construct and design in the future.
Research on refined gas governance model in Pingdingshan mining area
Authors: Chen Yutao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Aiming at the characteristics of large mining depth, low permeability, high gas pressure and high in-situ stress in the Pingdingshan mining area, a refined mine gas management model was proposed, which mainly included the implementation of gas drainage standardization, drilling video, and one drilling and one project. Taking the 13th Pingmei Coal Mine as an example, the effect analysis since the implementation of refined gas treatment was carried out, and it was found that the gas concentration was increased from 5% to 36%, and the scalar volume of extraction was increased from 1.0m3/min to 7m3/min, and the decay cycle had increased from 7 days to more than 50 days, and the gas governance cycle had been shortened by 90 days by promoting the refined gas governance model. The research results show that the proposed mine gas fine control model has good applicability.
Study on the water cut characteristics and its adjustment methods at the late stage of polymer flooding in Block A-1
Authors: Chi Lijuan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Block A-1 has been developed for three years by polymer flooding, and now it encountered a reoccurrence of water cut. Based on a large number of dynamic and static data, the rules of water cut and the potential area of residual oil in the late stage of polymer injection were systematically analyzed. It was found that the water cut in Block A-1 could be categorized into three types, namely, U, W, and V types. The residual oil was comprehensively evaluated based on the water cut profiles, and moreover, the adjustment methods were proposed to control the water cut rate at the late stage of polymer injection in Block A-1. The methodologies established in this paper has successfully controlled the water cut rate as well improved the oil recovery of Block A-1.
An overview of path planning algorithms
Authors: Tang Zhuozhen , Ma Hongzhong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper reviews the basic concepts of path planning, classifies environmental modeling methods, analyzes the significance of V2X environment modeling, and summarizes the existing path planning algorithms. Different algorithm can be adjusted in time according to different environments to improve the efficiency of path planning. In addition, according to the advantages and disadvantages of different algorithms, each algorithm is fused, which can effectively avoid the shortcomings of each algorithm and improve the efficiency of the planning algorithm.
Hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and models in fault -depression superimposed basin: a case in Longfengshan area in Songliao basin, China
Authors: Fan Jie , Jiang Youlu , Zhang Kuihua , Zeng Zhiping , Gong Yajun , Gao Jianxiong , Zhu Jianfeng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Songliao Basin develops typical fault-depression superimposition dual structure in vertical. So far, the depression sequence has achieved continuous stable yield of oil and gas, while it is of great significance to deepening exploration of hydrocarbon in faulted sequence. Taking the new Longfengshan Area as the research object, in light of the analysis of source rock condition, source of hydrocarbon, passage system, caprock condition and accumulation period, the dynamic hydrocarbon accumulation process is recovered, and hydrocarbon accumulation models are established. Research shows that K1sh Formation source rock in the northern depression zone has good hydrocarbon generation capacity, which provides high quality source condition. What is more, effective configuration between sealing faults and connected sandstone provides important hydrocarbon migration and accumulation condition. Meanwhile, the top of K1yc3 Formation mudstone caprock has good fault-caprock configuration, which provides good hydrocarbon preservation condition. The hydrocarbon accumulation model of study area can be summarized as “source rock in sag zone supplies hydrocarbon, fault-sandstone configuration controls hydrocarbon migration, faults-caprocks configuration controls hydrocarbon accumulation” pattern which embodies the characteristics of “rapid vertical transporting by faults, fault-sandbody configuration, caprocks control hydrocarbon accumulation” in the stage of fault-depression transition and “sealing by faults, sandstone conducts laterally- faults, caprocks control hydrocarbon accumulation” in the stage of depression.
Development characteristics and petroleum geological significance of tearing faults in Hashan area
Authors: Xue Yan , Wang Qianjun , Xiong Wei , Yu Hongzhou , Xiao Xiongfei , Wang Yuxin , Wang Yue , Zhou Jian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Hashan area is part of piedmont thrust belt in northwestern Junggar basin. By studying its structural characteristics, it is found that there are three different deformation sections along the strike of tectonic belt. It is considered that the development of tearing faults is the main reason for controlling the difference of structural deformation in different sections of Hashan area. In order to study the characteristics and petroleum geological significance of tearing faults, the identification and structural characteristics of tearing faults are studied, combined with the analysis of petroleum geological conditions, its petroleum geological significance is found out.The results showed that: The tearing faults in the Hashan area are usually developed in the position where the strike of the main reverse fault changes. The strike is mainly NW-trending and is roughly perpendicular to the long axis of the main structure. The terrain on both sides of the fault has obvious dislocation or belongs to different terrains, and is mostly presented flower-like structure or steep cliff on the profile. The lateral compression during the formation of the piedmont zone leads to the differential nappe of different structural parts of the same block, which is the main reason for the formation of tearing faults in Hashan area. The late tearing faults of nearly north-south direction in Hashan area communicated deep source rocks downward, Jurassic blanket sand upward and formed traps laterally, which played an important role in controlling hydrocarbon accumulation.
The character and origin of sequence architecture in the arid climate zone: A case of the Lower Submember of the Fourth Member of Shahejie Formation in the Bonan Sub-Sag
Authors: Xu Qisong , Wang Yongshi , Ma Lichi , Meng Tao , Bi Junfeng , Jiang Chao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The early Paleogene experiences a prolonged global hyperthermal period. The Lower Submember of the Fourth Member of Shahejie Formation (Es4x) of early Paleogene deposits a set of unique red sequence with influences of global hyperthermal events. Many researches focus on paleoclimate reconstruction of global hyperthermal period. However, few researches concern sequence architecture and sedimentary response in this extreme climate background. As the sequence architecture and sedimentary response record the paleoclimate, the character and origin of them can provide signals to reconstruct paleoclimate. Thus, this research investigates paleoclimate, character and origin of sequence architecture to reveal inter relationships and provide basis for paleoclimate reconstruction. The climate evolution and its sediment supply responses controlled the development of sequence architecture and reconstructed the different sedimentary responses. The periodic evolution of climate and sediment supply response results in the T-R cycle and sand body enrichment in the TST stage. The sand bodies of the TST stage concentrate in the LTST stage as frequency and amplitude of fluctuations are higher. The LTST stage developed large scale sand bodies with longest distance transportation in. Subsequently, the drier and stable climate continues to decreases sediment supply during the RST stage. Sand bodies shrunk to the edge of Sub-sag.
Analysis on dynamic characteristics of polymer flooding and influencing factors of flooding effect in Daqing Oilfield
Authors: Jia Lingzhu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Polymer flooding technology after years of painstaking research, from the initial pilot field experiment, to the later industrial field experiment, now has entered the stage of industrialization. During this period, a series of technical applications in the field of polymer flooding were established, forming a supporting system for polymer flooding, laying a solid foundation for the large-scale application of polymer flooding, which is widely used in the oilfield. And polymer flooding technology has achieved remarkable results in Daqing Oilfield. This paper analyzes the dynamic characteristics of polymer flooding technology in Daqing Oilfield and the influencing factors of displacement effect.