bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Awareness drives changes in reward value which predict eating behavior change: Probing reinforcement learning using experience sampling from mobile mindfulness training for maladaptive eating
Authors: Taylor Véronique A. , Moseley Isabelle , Sun Shufang , Smith Ryan , Roy Alexandra , Ludwig Vera U. , Brewer Judson A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsMaladaptive eating habits are a major cause of obesity and weight-related illness. The development of empirically-based approaches, such as mindfulness training (MT) that target accurate mechanisms of action to address these behaviors is therefore critical. Two studies were conducted to examine the impact of MT on maladaptive eating and determine the involvement of reinforcement learning mechanisms underlying these effects.MethodsIn Study1, maladaptive eating behaviors were assessed using self-report questionnaires at baseline and 8 weeks after an app-based MT intervention (n= 46). A novel mindful eating craving tool was embedded in our intervention to assess: eating behaviors (intake frequency/magnitude), and reward (contentment ratings) experienced after eating. Using a well-established reinforcement learning (Rescorla-Wagner) model, expected reward values (EV) were estimated as a function of contentment levels reported after eating. In Study2 (n= 1,119), craving tool assessments were examined in an independent sample using the app in a real-world naturalistic context.ResultsStudy 1's results revealed a significant decrease in EV and eating behaviors across craving tool uses. In addition, changes in reward values predicted decreases in eating behaviors. Finally, Study 1's results revealed significant pre-post intervention reductions in self-reported eating behaviors. In Study2, we observed a significant decrease in EV, but not in eating behaviors, across craving tool uses. Study 2 also revealed a predictive relationship between EV and eating behaviors.Discussion and conclusionsThese results support the implementation of MT to prevent and treat maladaptive eating behaviors, which target reinforcement learning processes as mechanisms of action.
Conservation status of the Georgia Blind Salamander (Eurycea wallacei) from the Floridan Aquifer of Florida and Georgia
Authors: Fenolio Danté B. , Niemiller Matthew L. , Levy Michael G. , Martinez Benjamin 
Published: July 2021

The Georgia Blind Salamander (Eurycea wallacei) is a poorly understood stygobitic plethodontid salamander found in the Floridan Aquifer of Florida and Georgia, USA. Its distribution is poorly delimited and little information is available on the ecology and life history of the species. We summarize existing information on the Georgia Blind Salamander and report new findings with regard to distribution, conservation status, and aspects of its ecology and life history from recent surveys in Florida and Georgia, including anecdotal observations made by local cave divers. We also present data on the prevalence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and discuss potential measures and challenges involved in conservation. Georgia Blind Salamanders are known from at least 35 localities within five United States Geological Survey (USGS) HUC8 watersheds in Florida and Georgia, all within the groundwater of the Upper Floridan Aquifer. Some populations may be large, as cave divers have observed >100 salamanders in a single dive at three localities and reported densities up to 10 salamanders per square meter. We confirm through direct observation that the Dougherty Plain Cave Crayfish (Cambarus cryptodytes) is a predator of E. wallacei. Although we found no evidence that any populations of the Georgia Blind Salamander have been infected by amphibian chytrid fungus, clear threats remain and include: (1) An “at risk” ranking by USGS of the Floridian Aquifer for contamination; (2) overharvesting of groundwater; (3) the presence of an emergent infectious amphibian disease in surface amphibians in the region (e.g., amphibian chytrid fun- gus); and (4) a lack of data on the basic biology and ecology of the species. We recommend the following conservation actions: (1) Better regulations and improved methods for retaining pesticide and fertilizer contaminants on the surface; (2) regulatory review of agricultural crops grown in the region and the establishment of systems and crops that do not require center pivot irrigation; (3) regular monitoring for disease across the range of the species; and (4) establishment of multiple assurance colonies such that captive specimens genetically represent at least half of the known populations.
Reflexiones sobre el problema de la verdad, la ciencia y la tecnología y sus implicaciones en el campo educativo
Authors: López Morocho Luis Rodolfo 
Published: July 2021

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo central realizar una cartografía del estado actual de la filosofíaen función de comprender el debate vigente sobre la verdad, el conocimiento y la ciencia en un mundo signado por la tecnología y sus correspondientes implicaciones en la educación. En este sentido, usando el método genealógico, se analiza la emergencia del concepto ‘tecnología’ en función de identificar las condiciones de posibilidad tanto históricas como conceptuales que permiten apreciar cómo la aplicación y consolidación de la moderna ciencia motivaron una ruptura en lo que hasta entonces se conocerá como técnica para dar lugar a la denominada tecnología en la actualidad. De este modo, la relación de la tecnología y el ser humano es analizada bajo la confrontación de dos ópticas opuestas, por un lado, se tomarán las reflexiones realizadas por Heidegger y, por otro, las planteadas por Ortega y Gasset con el objeto de visibilizar la disputa de la visión de la tecnología. Los frutos de este debate permitirán apreciar las implicaciones de la revolución tecnológica y científica en la educación considerando sus límites y posibilidades. Entre los principales hallazgos se encuentra que la ciencia moderna impactó directamente en la consolidación de la tecnología frente a la tradicional técnica bajo criterios positivistas que han monopolizado el concepto y conocimiento de la verdad, dejando de lado otros ámbitos como el arte, la política o el amor. Esto ha desembocado en un crecimiento de posiciones relativistas culturales. Estos aspectos han marcado el mundo contemporáneo con un impacto radical en el campo educativo.
Alain Badiou y la educación como proceso de subjetivación a través de verdades
Authors: García Puchades Wenceslao 
Published: July 2021

El siguiente texto pretende dar a conocer qué puede aportar la obra del filósofo francés Alain Badiou en el debate acerca de la situación actual de la educación. Para ello haremos una lectura de su obra en clave propedéutica. Nuestra tesis de partida es que dicha obra puede leerse como un proyecto de recuperación de la filosofía entendida como una educación a través de verdades. Para ubicar esta tesis en el debate educativo contemporáneo utilizaremos la teoría elaborada por Gert Biesta, quien ha construido en las últimas décadas un sistema de pensamiento que ofrece un marco teórico con el que fundamentar propuestas educativas alternativas a las tendencias individualistas, funcionales, mediadoras y controlables del modelo neoliberal dominante. Para Biesta, la educación ha sufrido un proceso de aprendificación, que prioriza sus funciones socializadora y cualificadora y olvida su función subjetivadora. El texto argumentará en qué medida el modelo de educación propuesto por Badiou contribuye a recuperar la función subjetivadora de la educación. La educación como proceso de subjetivación a través de verdades ofrecería a los docentes la posibilidad de fomentar experiencias educativas que interrumpan el carácter individualista, funcional, mediador y controlado del modelo educativo hegemónico. El texto reivindica mayor influencia del pensamiento de Alain Badiou dentro de la pedagogía crítica a la hora de fundamentar propuestas educativas acordes a modelos docentes más democráticos y cooperativos.
Cervico-facial flap: a versatile option among various reconstructive options for skin defects in parotid surgery-our experience in a tertiary care center
Authors: Prabha Amritha , Sarawgi Garima , Shah Urvish , M. S. Ganesh , Reddy Abhinay , Keerthi B. R. , G. N. Hemanth , Surapaneni Rahul , Melanta Khyati , Bathala Udayee Teja 
Published: July 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Cutaneous defects of the cheek and external ear present a reconstructive challenge. Even when free flap reconstructions and tissue transfer are commonly proposed, fewer patients with these malignancies are candidates for lengthy reconstructive surgery. The cost effectiveness, time consumption, long waiting period of head and neck malignancy patients and less availability of reconstruction teams in developing countries like India, are challenging factors.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> In our study, retrospectively 46 cases operated for parotid neoplasm were identified and the operative reports were reviewed from September 2018 to April 2021. Data on patient demographics, pathological diagnosis, defect type, type of flap used, co-morbid disease, and smoking history was collected. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The mean defect size was 4×5 cm, however for defects larger than 4×4 cm and lesser than 7 cm a cervico-facial flap was used for reconstruction. The average time for surgery was 2 and a half hours extra for the free flap reconstruction. Post-operative wound complications were higher in free flap reconstruction. Partial/DTN was observed in 16% patients and necrosis that needed intervention- 6% of all patients. Patients with cervico-facial flap reconstruction had an excellent final functional and cosmetic result, with good skin color and texture match.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The cervico-facial flap is a versatile technique with excellent vascularity and good esthetic outcome, which should be utilized liberally in the reconstruction of facial defects, slight modifications in the flap harvesting and careful selection of patient can give excellent results in moderate defects after parotid surgeries, especially in a resource limited country like India.</p>
Evaluation of Ivermectin as a Potential Treatment for Mild to Moderate COVID-19: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial in Eastern India
Authors: Ravikirti  , Roy Ranjini , Pattadar Chandrima , Raj Rishav , Agarwal Neeraj , Biswas Bijit , Manjhi Pramod Kumar , Rai Deependra Kumar , Shyama  , Kumar Anjani , Sarfaraz Asim 
Published: July 2021

Background: There has been a growing interest in ivermectin ever since it was reported to have an in-vitro activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This trial was conducted to test the efficacy of ivermectin in mild and moderate coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). Methods: A double blind, parallel, randomised, placebo-controlled trial conducted among adult COVID-19 patients with mild to moderate disease severity on admission in a COVID dedicated tertiary healthcare of eastern India. Enrolment was done between 1st August and 31st October 2020. On day 1 and 2 post enrolment, patients in the intervention arm received ivermectin 12 mg while the patients in the non-interventional arm received placebo tablets. Results: About one-fourth (23.6%) of the patients in the intervention arm and one-third (31.6%) in the placebo arm were tested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) negative for SARS-CoV-2 on 6th day. Although this difference was found to be statistically insignificant [rate ratio (RR): 0.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.4-1.4; p=0.348]. All patients in the ivermectin group were successfully discharged. In comparison the same for the placebo group was observed to be 93%. This difference was found to be statistically significant (RR: 1.1; 95% CI; 1.0-1.2; p=0.045). Conclusions: Inclusion of ivermectin in treatment regimen of mild to moderate COVID-19 patients could not be said with certainty based on our study results as it had shown only marginal benefit in successful discharge from the hospital with no other observed benefits.
Influence of Weed Management Practices on Nutrient Removal and Performance of Transplanted Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L.)
Authors: Shanmugapriya P. , Rathika S. , Ramesh T. , Janaki P. 
Published: July 2021

Background: Finger millet production and productivity is lowering in India due to the growth of different weed species. Weeds are the prime yield limiting biotic constraints in finger millet. Therefore, the present investigation has been carried out to find out the suitable weed management practices on the performance of finger millet. Methods: In this regard, a field experiment was carried out during Kharif, 2018 at Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, India to evaluate the different weed management practices for transplanted finger millet under sodic soil. The experiment comprised of ten weed management practices with different herbicidal treatments viz., pre emergence (PE) application of pendimethalin at 750 g/ha, oxyfluorfen at 50 g/ha, bensulfuron methyl at 60 g/ha + pretilachlor at 600 g/ha, early post emergence (EPOE) application of bispyribac sodium at 25 g/ha, PE pendimethalin at 750 g/ha fb EPOE bispyribac sodium at 25 g/ha, PE oxyfluorfen at 50 g/ha fb EPOE bispyribac sodium at 25 g/ha, PE bensulfuron methyl at 60 g/ha + pretilachlor at 600 g/ha fb EPOE bispyribac sodium at 25 g/ha, PE oxyfluorfen at 50 g/ha fb hand weeding (HW) at 30 DAT, HW at 15 and 30 DAT and unweeded control (UWC) in transplanted finger millet. Result: The results revealed that lower nutrient removal by weeds, higher nutrient uptake by crop and yield parameters viz., productive tillers/m2, earhead weight and total grains/earhead were registered in application of PE bensulfuron methyl at 60 g/ha + pretilachlor at 600 g/ha fb EPOE bispyribac sodium at 25 g/ha. The highest grain and straw yields were also registered in application of PE bensulfuron methyl at 60 g/ha + pretilachlor at 600 g/ha fb EPOE bispyribac sodium at 25 g/ha and it was on par with hand weeding at 15 and 30 DAT.
The Difference of Antibacterial Power between Cocoa Peel (Theobroma Cacao L.) Extract 6% compared to Chlorhexidine Digluconate 2% Againts Streptococcus mutans (In vitro)
Authors: Amanda Alissa , Yuanita Tamara , Sampoerno Galih 
Published: July 2021

Background: Before restoration, it is necessary to clean the cavity from the smear layer and residual bacteria such as Sreptococcus mutans using a 'gold standard' cavity cleanser, namely 2% Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), however CHX 2% has a disadvantage of having a toxic effect on fibroblasts, osteoblasts, myoblasts, odontoblast-like cells, Chinese hamster ovary cells, and buccal epithelial cells. The shortcomings of the 2% CHX triggered researchers to look for alternative cavity cleansers that are more biocompatible, namely cocoa peel extract because it contains of antibacterial compounds including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and terponoids with a non-toxic 6% concentration. Purpose: To analyze the difference of antibacterial activity between cocoa peel extract with a concentration of 6% compared to chlorhexidine digluconate 2% against Streptococcus mutans. Methods: This research was an in vitro laboratory experimental study with the posttest only control group design which included two treatment groups, namely 6% cocoa peel extract and 2% CHX. This research was conducted using the inhibition zone diffusion method against S. mutans to see the antibacterial power of each sample. Results: There was a significant difference (p <0.05) in the mean diameter of the inhibition zone between 6% cacao peel extract, namely 11.5406 mm and CHX 2%, namely 13.2156 mm. Conclusion: Chlorhexidine digluconate 2% has a greater antibacterial power than 6% cocoa peel extract (Theobroma cacao L.) against Streptococcus mutans.
Isolasi Sinensetin dari Kumis Kucing (Orthosiphon aristatus Blume miq.) Varietas Putih
Authors: Faramayuda Fahrauk , Riyanti Soraya , Pratiwi Adella Shindy , Mariani Totik Sri , Elfahmi Elfahmi , Sukrasno Sukrasno 
Published: July 2021

<p>Kumis kucing mengandung metabolit sekunder sinensetin yang termasuk ke dalam golongan senyawa flavonoid. Sinensetin berpotensi sebagai agen antivirus dan imunomodulator. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah standardisasi tanaman kumis kucing varietas putih dan upaya produksi senyawa sinensetin. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metoda maserasi. Tahap pemisahan lanjutan dilakukan dengan metoda ekstraksi cair-cair, kromatografi kolom dan kromatografi cair vakum. Hasil ekstraksi cair-cair terpilih tiga fraksi yaitu fraksi air, etil asetat dan n-heksana. Sebanyak 2,08 gram fraksi etil asetat dilanjutkkan pada tahap pemisahan lanjutan menggunakan kromatografi cair vakum dengan fasa diam silika gel H60 dan fasa gerak n-heksana dan etil asetat. Hasil dari kromatografi cair vakum diperoleh sebanyak 11 subfraksi. Penggabungan dilakukan pada subfraksi 8-11 yang terdeteksi adanya senyawa sinensetin, selanjutnya terhadap subfraksi gabungan dilakukan pemisaahan lanjutan dengan kromatografi kolom. Hasil pemisahan dengan kromatografi kolom diperoleh subfraksi sebanyak 142 vial. Pada subfraksi hasil kromatografi kolom nomor 91-114 terdeteksi adanya isolat sinensetin. Kromatografi lapis tipis preparatif (KLTP) gabungan subfraksi kromatografi kolom 91-114 (SFK) menunjukkan adanya senyawa sinensetin. Berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan kemurnian dengan menggunakan KLT 2 dimensi dan analisis profil spektrum UV isolat diduga senyawa sinensetin. </p>
Osteochondral Shearing Fracture of the Humeral Head Associated with Traumatic Anterior Shoulder Dislocation
Authors: Spross Christian , Farei-Campagna Jan M. , Gerhard Pascal , Jost Bernhard , Yates Piers J. , Lam Li-On 
Published: July 2021

Case:
Osteochondral shearing fracture of the humeral head after an anterior shoulder dislocation is a condition that has rarely been reported in literature. We report a case of a large posteriorly located fragment of such a fracture in a 23-year-old man. We performed open reduction and internal fixation with resorbable pins through a deltopectoral approach and subscapularis tenotomy.

Conclusion:
In our case of a large osteochondral fracture of the posterior humeral head, treatment by open reduction and internal fixation showed an excellent radiographic result at 1 year and clinical result up to 5 years postoperatively.
Chip-Based Chiral 3D Metamaterial with Functional Core-Shell Architecture for Femtomolar Biodetection
Authors: Manoccio Mariachiara , Esposito Marco , Primiceri Elisabetta , Leo Angelo , Tasco Vittorianna , Cuscunà Massimo , Zuev Dmitry , Sun Yali , Maruccio Giuseppe , Romano Alessandro , Quattrini Angelo , Gigli Giuseppe , Passaseo Adriana 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Advanced sensing tools capable to detect extremely low concentrations of circulating biomarkers can open unexplored routes towards early diagnostics of diseases and their progression monitoring. Plasmonic sensors are an emerging technology enabling different optical effects that can be used as molecular tracking solutions. Here we demonstrate the sensing capabilities of a chip-based metamaterial, combining the 3D chiral geometry with an optically functional core-shell architecture. The sensor can be easily handled and exhibits reliability and stability during the whole functionalization and analytical procedure thanks to the on-chip format. The system shows a linear shift of circular dichroism spectrum upon interaction with different concentrations of TAR DNA-binding protein TDP-43, a clinically relevant biomarker for neurodegenerative disease screening. The measurements were performed in spiked solution as well as in human serum, with concentrations from 1pM down to 10fM, a range not accessible with commonly used immunological assays and that can thus open new perspectives for disease knowledge and early diagnostics.
Feasibility of The Use of Neutrophil To Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) As An Adjunct To Cytology To Suggest Thyroid Malignancy: A Prospective Study
Authors: Tiwari Pawan Kumar , Varghese Biju , KK Arunjeet , Rao Pankaj P , Routh Dronacharya 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Inflammation is known to be associated with cancer development and progression. NLR is a simple and efficient marker of inflammation in numerous malignancies. Aim: The study aimed to investigate usefulness of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as an adjunct to Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) to suggest thyroid malignancy confirmed by histopathological report post operatively in Bethesda class III, IV & V.Methods: Prospective observational study at a tertiary care hospital over 2 years.Results: NLR in the benign group and malignant group were 1.75+0.23 and 2.19+0.29 (mean + SD) respectively (p-value <0.001). Area under ROC curve plotted was 0.823 (p-value <0.001), with recommended cut-off of 1.9. Relatively high sensitivity and specificity at 87.5 % and 82.5% implies excellent diagnostic accuracy.Conclusion: NLR with a value of 1.9 or higher is recommended as predictor of malignancy in thyroid nodule.
Nanostructure Lipid Carriers Enhance Alpha-Mangostin Neuroprotective Efficacy In Mice With Rotenone-Induced Neurodegeneration
Authors: Sakamula Romkase , Yata Teerapong , Thong-asa Wachiryah 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease, for instance, Parkinson’s disease (PD), is associated with substantia nigra dopaminergic neuronal loss with subsequent striatal dopamine reduction, leading to motor deficits. Currently, there is no available effective therapy for PD; thus, novel therapeutic agents such as natural antioxidants with neuroprotective effects are emerging. Alpha-mangostin (αM) is a xanthone derivative compound from mangosteen peel with a cytoprotective effect depicted in neurodegenerative disease models. However, αM has low aqueous solubility and low biodistribution in the brain. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) have been used to encapsulate bioactive compounds delivered to target organs to improve the oral bioavailability and effectiveness. This study aimed to investigate the effect of αM and αM encapsulated in NLC (αM-NLC) in mice with rotenone-induced PD-like neurodegeneration. Forty male ICR mice were divided into normal, PD, PD+αM, and PD+ αM-NLC groups. Vehicle, αM (25 mg/kg/48 h), and αM-NLC (25 mg/kg/48 h) were orally administered, along with PD induction by intraperitoneal injection of rotenone (2.5 mg/kg/48 h) for 4 consecutive weeks. Motor abilities were assessed once a week using rotarod and hanging wire tests. Biochemical analysis of brain oxidative status was conducted, and neuronal populations in substantia nigra par compacta (SNc), striatum, and motor cortex were evaluated using Nissl staining. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunostaining of SNc and striatum was also evaluated. Results showed that rotenone significantly induced motor deficits concurrent with significant SNc, striatum, and motor cortex neuronal reduction and significantly decreased TH intensity in SNc (p < 0.05). The significant reduction of brain superoxide dismutase activity (p < 0.05) was also detected. Administrations of αM and αM-NLC significantly reduced motor deficits, prevented the reduction of TH intensity in SNc and striatum, and prevented the reduction of neurons in SNc (p < 0.05). Only αM-NLC significantly prevented the reduction of neurons in both striatum and motor cortex (p < 0.05). These were found concurrent with significantly reduced malondialdehyde level and increased catalase and superoxide dismutase activities (p < 0.05). Therefore, this study depicted the neuroprotective effect of αM and αM-NLC against rotenone-induced PD-like neurodegeneration in mice. We indicated an involvement of NLC, emphasizing the protective effect of αM against oxidative stress. Moreover, αM-NLC exhibited broad protection against rotenone-induced neurodegeneration that was not limited to nigrostriatal structures and emphasized the benefit of NLC in enhancing αM neuroprotective effects.