bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perioperative Nimodipine to Improve Cranial Nerve Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chorath Kevin , Go Beatrice C. , Kaufman Adam , Brant Jason , Moreira Alvaro , Rajasekaran Karthik 
Published: March 2021

Objective:
Nimodipine has emerged as a promising strategy for protection of cranial nerves following vestibular schwannoma (VS) resections. Our goal was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of clinical studies to determine the therapeutic efficacy of nimodipine in improving facial nerve and cochlear nerve function.

Database reviewed:
We searched PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Clinical Trial Registry, Clinicaltrials.gov, World Health Organization's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and EU Clinical Trials Registry to identify clinical studies up to May 11, 2020.

Methods:
We included studies evaluating perioperative administration of nimodipine as a strategy to prevent or treat facial nerve or cochlear nerve dysfunction following VS resections. Primary outcomes included preservation or recovery of House–Brackman scale for facial nerve function and Hearing and Equilibrium Guidelines for cochlear nerve function at the latest follow-up visit. Secondary outcomes included adverse events and administration strategies of nimodipine.

Results:
Nine studies (603 patients) met inclusion, of which seven studies (559 patients) were included in the quantitative analysis. Overall, nimodipine significantly increased the odds of cranial nerve recovery compared with controls (odds ratio [OR] 2.87, 95% confidence intervals [CI] [2.08, 3.95]; I

2
= 0%). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that nimodipine was only effective for cochlear nerve preservation (OR 2.78, 95% CI [1.74, 4.45]; I

2
= 0%), but not for facial nerve function (OR 4.54, 95% CI [0.25, 82.42]; I

2
= 33%).

Conclusion:
Although there is evidence supporting the perioperative role of nimodipine for VS resections, more studies are warranted to help clarify the effects of nimodipine therapy on cranial nerve preservation.
Cochlear Duct Length Calculation: Comparison Between Using Otoplan and Curved Multiplanar Reconstruction in Nonmalformed Cochlea
Authors: Chen Ying , Chen Jianqing , Tan Haoyue , Jiang Mengda , Wu Yingwei , Zhang Zhihua , Li Yun , Jia Huan , Wu Hao 
Published: March 2021

Objective:
To describe a new method to measure the cochlear parameters using Otoplan software, and to compare it with the traditional method using curved multiplanar reconstruction (cMPR).

Study Design:
Retrospective analysis using internal consistency reliability and paired sample t test.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
Thirty-four patients including 68 ears from a clinical trial were retrospectively reviewed.

Main Outcome Measures:
The length, width, height (distances A, B, H), and cochlear duct length of each cochlea were measured independently using two modalities: Otoplan and cMPR. Internal consistency reliability of the two modalities was analyzed. The time spent on each measurement was also recorded.

Results:
Otoplan software was compatible with all radiological data in this series. Distances A, B, and H showed no significant differences between Otoplan (9.33 ± 0.365, 6.61 ± 0.359, and 2.91 ± 0.312 mm) and cMPR (9.32 ± 0.314, 6.59 ± 0.342, and 2.93 ± 0.250 mm). The average cochlear duct length calculated by Otoplan was 34.37 ± 1.481 mm, which was not significantly different from that calculated by cMPR (34.55 ± 1.903mm, p = 0.215). The measurements with Otoplan had better internal consistency reliability compared with those by cMPR, and measurements with a higher peak kilovoltage (140 kVp) CT scan showed further higher internal consistency reliability. Time spent on each cochlea by Otoplan was 5.9 ± 0.69 min, significantly shorter than that by cMPR (9.3 ± 0.72 min).

Conclusion:
Otoplan provides more rapid and reliable measurement of the cochlea than cMPR. Furthermore, it can be easily used in the laptop computer.
Xiaoyao-san, a traditional Chinese herbal formula, for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Lee JiHo , Sung Won-Suk , Kim Eun-Jung , Kim Young Woo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background:
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder which has considerable effect to patient's quality of life and social functioning. Its main symptoms include recurrent abdominal pain and/or bloating associated with abnormal stool form or frequency. The recommendable treatment of IBS is a medication including loperamide, cimetropium, tricyclic antidepressants, and selective serotonin receptor inhibitors, but it has limited effects and several side effects dissatisfy IBS patients. As an alternative therapy, Xiaoyao-san (XYS) is gaining interest for IBS patients. XYS, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has wide scope of indications and it can be prescribed for various gastrointestinal disorders in TCM syndromes but there has been no systematic review on IBS. Therefore, this review aims on systematically validating the curative effect of XYS on IBS.

Methods:
Electronic databases, manual search, and contact to author e-mail will be used for searching randomized controlled trials about the use of XYS for IBS. We will select studies by the predefined criteria and collect the data on study participants, interventions, control groups, outcome measurement, adverse events, and risk of bias. Primary outcome will be the efficacy rate, and secondary outcomes will be the IBS-centered indices (abdominal pain score, abdominal distension score, diarrhea or constipation score, bowel symptom severity scale), index about quality of life, and adverse events. Review Manager software and Cochrane Collaboration “risk of bias” tools will be used for meta-analysis and assessment of risk of bias.

Results:
This review will identify the clinical evidence of XYS's effectiveness and safety for IBS according to formal evaluation aspects.

Conclusion:
This review will further support the evidence-based usage of XYS for IBS treatment.

Ethics and dissemination:
No ethical approval is required since there is no personal information collection and patient recruitment.

Trial registration number:
Research Registry; reviewregistry986.
Low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) arising in a fibroadenoma of the breast during 5 years follow-up
Authors: Shojaku Hiroko , Hori Ryota , Yoshida Toru , Matsui Kazuhiro , Shimada Katsuo , Takayanagi Nobutatsu , Noguchi Kyo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Fibroadenoma (FA) is a common type of benign breast tumors but ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) rarely arises within this tumor type.

Patient concerns:
This case report presents a non-symptomatic 61-year-old woman with FA that was coincidentally found during a breast cancer screening program performed 5 years ago by her city of residence. She had subsequently been followed-up with mammography and breast ultrasound (US). US showed a slightly enlarged tumor and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicated malignancy within the FA.

Diagnosis:
The pathological examination revealed low-grade DCIS within the FA.

Interventions:
The patient underwent a core needle biopsy followed by breast-conserving therapy with sentinel lymph node biopsy and then postoperative radiation therapy.

Outcomes:
Currently, she has been followed-up for 2 years without no signs of recurrence.

Lessons:
Careful observation with US followed by dynamic MRI is essential in the early diagnosis of DCIS originating in a FA.
Associations of sleep duration and fruit and vegetable intake with the risk of metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults
Authors: Wang Ming-hui , Shi Tong , Li Qiang , Chen Hong-Mei , Liu Ming-wei , Lu Yuan-an , He Qiqiang , Chen Rui 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To understand the adverse association of short sleep duration and insufficient fruit and vegetable intake (FVI) with and their combined effect on metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Chinese adults.
This cross-sectional study analyzed 7052 adults aged 18∼64 years old in 2009, with fasting blood samples collected. Participants were divided into short/normal/long sleep duration groups and sufficient/insufficient FVI groups in accordance with self-reported information. Metabolic syndrome was defined by National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III criteria.
The prevalence of MetS among the study subjects was 21.74%. Participants were classified into short (<7 h/d), normal (7∼9 h/d), and long (>9 h/d) groups according to their daily sleep duration. Participants with less than 500 g of FVI per day was considered as insufficient FVI. After adjusting for confounders, the negative effect of short sleep duration on MetS was statistically significant, with an OR of 1.29 (95%CI = 1.06∼1.56); and high fasting glucose levels were significantly associated with insufficient FVI. Compared with subjects with normal sleep duration and sufficient FVI, participants with short sleep time and insufficient FVI had the highest risk of MetS (OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.04–1.66).
This study revealed that insufficient FVI and short sleep duration were significantly associated with an increased risk of MetS among Chinese adults. Increasing FVI and normal sleep duration during Chinese adults could be significant targets for reducing the prevalence of MetS.
Altered oral microbiota composition associated with recurrent aphthous stomatitis in young females
Authors: Zhu Zhengyang , He Zhixing , Xie Guanqun , Fan Yongsheng , Shao Tiejuan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Oral microbiota has been implicated in pathogenesis of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), which is a common mucosal disorder with unclear etiology. This study has explored the association between oral microbiota disorder and RAS in high-risk young female population.
Forty-five young females were enrolled, including 24 RAS patients and 21 healthy individuals. Oral microbiome was analyzed by Illumina Miseq sequencing.
Oral microbiota associated with RAS was characterized by the lower alpha-diversity indices (Chao1 and ACE). Several infectious pathogens increased in RAS, such as genera Actinobacillus, Haemophilus, Prevotella and Vibrio. The PICRUSt analysis indicated that the oral microbiota might be related with the up-regulation of genes involving infectious and neurodegenerative diseases, environmental adaptation, the down-regulation of genes involving basal metabolism, such as carbohydrate, energy, and amino acid metabolism.
This study indicated that oral microbiota may play a significant role in RAS development.
Antibiotic susceptibility guided reuse of levofloxacin-based therapy in a penicillin-allergic patient for Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Kong Siya , Chen Han , Huang Keting , Jin Duochen , Zhang Guoxin , Ye Feng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Antibiotic resistance poses a challenge for Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment. Current guidelines strongly recommend avoiding repeated treatments with the same antibiotic to prevent the emergence of drug resistance. However, for penicillin-allergic patients with recurrent H. pylori eradication failures, avoiding repeated treatments with the same antibiotic severely limits the choice of treatment.

Patient concerns:
A 47-year-old woman with a penicillin allergy for whom 2 previous levofloxacin and bismuth-based therapies had failed.

Diagnosis:

H. pylori infection.

Interventions:
Agar dilution susceptibility testing and gene sequence analysis was performed to confirm levofloxacin susceptibility again. Therefore, we treated her with a 14-day regimen consisting of levofloxacin (500 mg once daily), furazolidone (100 mg twice daily), colloidal bismuth pectin (220 mg twice daily), and esomeprazole (20 mg twice daily).

Outcomes:
The patient was successfully treated with a third levofloxacin and bismuth-based regimen.

Lessons:
Antibiotics included in previous failed therapies need not be eliminated if no antibiotic resistance is found on antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
The effect of probiotics on functional constipation in adults
Authors: Mitelmão Fabiana Cristina Rosa , Bergamaschi Cristiane de Cassia , Gerenutti Marli , Hächel Karin , Silva Marcus Tolentino , Balcão Victor M. , Vila Marta Maria Duarte Carvalho 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
: Evacuation disorders are common in industrialized countries, affecting an average of 15% to 20% of the healthy adult population. Probiotic therapy can reduce functional constipation and increase both the number of weekly bowel movements and quality of stools. Based on the hypothesis that a combination of more strains may provide better results for constipation and facilitate adherence to treatment, this study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of a combination of different strains of Lactobacillus sp. and Bifidobacterium sp. in functional constipation.

Methods
: A single-centre trial of adults aged 20 to 80 years with intestinal constipation will be conducted at a Gastroenterology Clinic in Sorocaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Participants will be allocated into 3 groups receiving:
The outcomes of interest will be change in frequency of weekly bowel movements, change in stool quality according to the 4–6 Bristol scale, number of volunteer withdrawal, number of adverse events and number of serious adverse effect.

Discussion:
The probiotic products are expected to induce beneficial changes in the intestinal microbiota, thereby increasing intestinal frequency to over 3 times a week and improving stool quality. The results can guide patients and healthcare practitioners and help in decision-making in the treatment of functional constipation.

Trial registration and registry name:
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04437147: The Effect of Probiotics on Functional Constipation in Adults: Study protocol for Double blind, Randomized, Placebo controlled Study

Protocol Version:
Version 01 August 30, 2020.
Expression patterns and prognostic value of m6A RNA methylation regulators in adrenocortical carcinoma
Authors: Fu Yang , Sun Shanshan , Bi Jianbin , Kong Chuize , Yin Lei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is considered a rare cancer with poor prognosis. We used public datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases to assess the relationships between N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-related genes and ACC.
We used the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to compare m6A-related gene expression in ACC tissues with that in normal tissues. Then, ACC patients were grouped based on a cluster analysis of m6A-related gene expression. m6A-related genes that were significantly associated with survival were incorporated into a risk signature, and 2 groups were divided according to median risk score. Fisher exact tests were utilized to analyze differences in clinical variables between groups. We compared the overall survival (OS) rates of the groups by means of Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression analyses.
We found that RBM15, ZC3H3, YTDHF1, YTDHF2, and ALBH5 were overexpressed in ACC and that KIAA1429, YTHDC1, HNRNPC, WTAP, METTL3, and FTO were down regulated in ACC. In addition, membership in cluster 2 or the high-risk group was associated with advanced clinical factors and poor prognosis. The univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses showed that risk score can be considered an independent prognostic factor for ACC.
We found that the expression of m6A-related genes could be used as an independent prognostic factor in ACC. However, the current study has some limitations, and further studies of m6A-related genes in ACC are needed.
Association between the nurse-led program with mental health status, quality of life, and heart failure rehospitalization in chronic heart failure patients
Authors: Mo Yuzhu , Chu Mingzi , Hu Wenxiong , Wang Haiyan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The nurse-led program is associated with a short-term improvement of mental health status (MHS) and quality of life (QOL) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Nonetheless, the long-term effect of this program is undetermined. The aims of the current study were to evaluate the 1-year effects of the nurse-led program on MHS, QOL, and heart failure (HF) rehospitalization among patients with CHF.
CHF patients in the control group received standard care, and patients in the treatment group received standard care plus telehealth intervention including inquiring patients’ medical condition, providing feedbacks, counseling and providing positive and emotional talk with the patients. At the third, sixth, and twelfth month's follow-up, patients were called by registered nurses to assess the Mental Health Inventory-5 (MHI-5) and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) scores. HF rehospitalization was also assessed.
A total of 300 patients were included and 46% (n = 138) of the patients were in the treatment group. There were no significant between-group differences in the MHI-5 and KCCQ scores at baseline. In the control group, the MHI-5 score was gradually decreased with follow-up and the score was significantly lower than that in the treatment group since the third month's follow-up (63.5 ± 10.6 vs 73.6 ± 10.3). Compared with the treatment group, KCCQ score was lower in the control group from the third month's follow-up (64.3 ± 10.6 vs 73.5 ± 12.3) until the end of the twelfth months’ follow-up (45.3 ± 11.2 vs 60.8 ± 11.1). During 12 months’ follow-up, the proportion of patients who experienced HF rehospitalization was lower in the treatment group (19.6% vs 24.1%). After adjusting for covariates, the utilization of the nurse-led program, and increase of MHI-5 and KCCQ scores were associated with reduced risk of HF rehospitalization.
The nurse-led program is beneficial for the improvement of MHS and QOL for CHF patients, which might contribute to the reduction of HF rehospitalization.
Cardiac mortality benefit of direct admission to percutaneous coronary intervention–capable hospital in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Kang Min Gyu , Kang Yoomee , Kim Kyehwan , Park Hyun Woong , Koh Jin-Sin , Park Jeong Rang , Hwang Seok-Jae , Ahn Jong-Hwa , Park Yongwhi , Jeong Young-Hoon , Kwak Choong Hwan , Hwang Jin-Yong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Appropriate risk stratification and timely revascularization of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are available in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) – capable hospitals (PCHs). This study evaluated whether direct admission vs inter-hospital transfer influences cardiac mortality in patients with AMI. This study was conducted in the PCH where the patients were able to arrive within an hour. The inclusion criteria were AMI with a symptom onset time within 24 hours and having undergone PCI within 24 hours after admission. The cumulative incidence of cardiac death after percutaneous coronary intervention was evaluated in the direct admission versus inter-hospital transfer groups. Among the 3178 patients, 2165 (68.1%) were admitted via inter-hospital transfer. Patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in the direct admission group had a reduced symptom onset-to-balloon time (121 minutes, P < .001). With a median period of 28.4 (interquartile range, 12.0–45.6) months, the cumulative incidence of 2-year cardiac death was lower in the direct admission group (NSTEMI, 9.0% vs 11.0%, P = .136; STEMI, 9.7% vs 13.7%, P = .040; AMI, 9.3% vs 12.3%, P = .014, respectively). After the adjustment for clinical variables, inter-hospital transfer was the determinant of cardiac death (hazard ratio, 1.59; 95% confidence interval, 1.08–2.33; P = .016). Direct PCH admission should be recommended for patients with suspected AMI and could be a target for reducing cardiac mortality.
Cronkhite—Canada syndrome associated with perianal condyloma acuminatum with malignant transformation
Authors: Wang Wei , Cheng Xian-yong , Xue Feng , Liu Hai-yan , Lian Hai-feng , Liu Cheng-xia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Cronkhite-Canada syndrome (CCS) is a rare non-familial polyposis syndrome characterized by multiple gastrointestinal polyps with the ectodermal triad. To date, many complications of CCS have been reported in the literature, but perianal condyloma acuminatum with malignant transformation has not been included.

Patient concerns:
This report presents the case of a 52-year-old Chinese man who presented with diarrhea, loss of appetite, and weight loss. He developed skin pigmentation and atrophy of the fingernails and toenails. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, colonoscopy, capsule endoscopy, and enteroscopy revealed diffuse polyps along the entire digestive tract. Histopathological examination revealed polyps of different pathological types dominated by hamartoma. Physical examination revealed a crissum cauliflower-like neoplasm (2.5 × 2.0 cm). After perianal tumor resection, pathology suggested that this was a perianal condylomatous lesion with malignant transformation, as well as well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma.

Diagnoses:
These clinical features and endoscopic findings were consistent with CCS which associated with perianal condyloma acuminatum with malignant transformation.

Intervention:
Clinical remission was achieved with glucocorticoid, azathioprine, and nutritional support.

Outcome:
At the 4-year follow-up, the patient had no diarrhea or loss of appetite, had gained 13 kg in weight, and the perianal tumor had not recurred.

Lessons:
No previous report has described CCS in a patient with perianal condyloma acuminatum with malignant transformation. As both conditions are related to immune disorders, their occurrence may be correlated.
Effect of replacing ambulance physicians with paramedics on outcome of resuscitation for prehospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Bjornsson Hjalti Mar , Bjornsdottir Gudrun G. , Olafsdottir Hronn , Mogensen Brynjolfur Arni , Mogensen Brynjolfur , Thorgeirsson Gestur 
Published: March 2021

Introduction
Limited evidence suggests that the presence of a prehospital physician improves survival from cardiac arrest. A retrospective study is undertaken to examine this question. In Reykjavik, Iceland, prehospital physicians on ambulances were replaced by emergency medical technicians (EMTs) in 2007. The aim of this study is to compare the outcome of prehospital resuscitation from cardiac arrest during periods of time with and without prehospital physician involvement.

Methods
All cardiac arrests that underwent prehospital resuscitation by emergency medical systems between 2004 and 2014 were included. The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge, and the secondary outcome was return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Subgroup analyses were performed according to the type of cardiac arrest.

Results
A total of 471 cardiac arrests were included for analysis, 200 treated by prehospital physicians from 2004 to 2007 and 271 treated by EMTs from 2008 to 2014. The overall rate of survival to hospital discharge and ROSC was 23 and 50% during the study period. No significant difference was observed in the rate of survival to hospital discharge [25 vs 22%, difference 3% (95% confidence interval (CI): 11–5%)] or ROSC [53 vs 47%, difference −6% (95% CI: 15–3%)] between these two time periods. In the subgroup of patients with pulseless electrical activity, survival to hospital discharge did not differ between the two periods, but the rate of ROSC was higher in the ‘physician period’ [50 vs 30%, difference −20% (95% CI: −40 to −1%)].

Conclusions
The presence of a prehospital physician on the ambulance was not found to result in a significant improvement in survival or ROSC after cardiac arrest compared to care by EMTs. Patients with pulseless electrical activity experienced an increase in ROSC when a physician was present but without improvement in survival to hospital discharge.