bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corneal Topographic Changes and Induced Astigmatism Resulting From Superior and Temporal Scleral Pocket Incisions
Authors: Kohnen Thomas , Mann Paul M , Husain Syed E , Abarca Adrian , Koch Douglas D 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To determine the corneal topographic changes that are induced by superior and temporal 5-mm sclera! pocket incisions.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed the records of 43 patients who underwent phacoemulsification with posterior chamber lens implantation through unsutured 5-mm scierai pocket incisions, 24 superiorly and 19 temporally. Corneal curvature was measured using computerized videokeratography, and the induced astigmatism was calculated with the Holladay- Cravy- Koch formula.
* RESULTS: At 4 to 6 weeks postoperatively, there was mild flattening along the meridian of the incision in both groups. The change was greater with the superior incisions, but the differences between the groups were not statistically significant. Surgically induced astigmatism was 0.7 D (± 0.1 D) in the eyes that received superior incisions, and 0.3 D (± 0.1 D) in the eyes that received temporal incisions; this difference was statistically significant (P < .03).
* CONCLUSIONS: At 4 to 6 weeks postoperativeIy, temporal 5.0-mm sclera! pocket incisions provide more stable postoperative topography than do superior sclera! pocket incisions.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:263-269.]
Optic Disc Topography Before and After Trabeculectomy in Advanced Glaucoma
Authors: Raitta Christina , Tomita Goji , Vesti Eija , Harju Mika , Nakao Hiroko 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To analyze changes in the optic disc topography after filtration surgery.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS. Laser scanning tomography was performed in 10 eyes of 9 patients (mean age 65-6 ± 8.1 years; age range 55 to 75 years) after a mean follow-up of 3.7 months, and in 8 eyes of 7 patients (mean age 63.1 ± 7.6 years; age range 55 to 75 years) after a mean follow-up of 13.1 months.
* RESULTS: Preoperatively, the mean intraocular pressure (IOP) was 24.4 ± 6.9 mm Hg with maximal medication. Postoperatively at 3.7 months it was 11.0± 2.2 mm Hg, and at 12.1 months it was 13.6 ±2.8 mm Hg. An initial reduction in IOP of more than 30% at 3.7 months was achieved without medication in all but 1 eye. After 12.1 months, an IOP reduction of more than 30% was achieved in 6 of 8 eyes (1 with medication), while 2 eyes had IOP reductions of less than 15% (≤ 3 mm Hg) despite medication. In the 6 eyes, the optic disc cup volume showed a decrease of more than 30%, while the 2 eyes without marked IOP reductions had slight increases in cup volume. Of the 2 eyes without marked decreases in cup size, 1 had normal-tension glaucoma and 1 experienced an increase in IOP of more than 25 mm Hg during the first postoperative week.
* CONCLUSION: The postoperative IOP should be kept low enough to permit reversal of optic disc changes.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:349-354.]
The Results of Ab Interno Laser Thermal Sclerostomy Combined With Cataract Surgery Versus Trabeculectomy Combined With Cataract Surgery 6 to 12 Months Postoperatively
Authors: Kendrick Ronald , Kollarits Carol R , Khan Nasreen 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: When cataract surgery and glaucoma surgery are combined, the theoretical advantages of pressure control, removal of the visual impairment, and protection against an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) in the immediate postoperative period are gained. The authors' objective was to determine whether ab interno laser thermal sclerostomy (LTS) combined with cataract surgery would be as effective as trabeculectomy combined with cataract surgery.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ab interno LTS was compared with trabeculectomy, retrospectively, for patients who had undergone combined cataract and glaucoma surgery.
* RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the numbers of patients using no medications or fewer medications at 6 and 12 months. There was a greater reduction in IOP in the LTS group.
* CONCLUSIONS: LTS may be better than trabeculectomy in combined cataract and glaucoma surgery because it reduces the IOP more. Compared with trabeculectomy, LTS is simpler to perform and adds less operating time to cataract surgery. Continued follow-up is recommended.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:583-586.]
Cataract Surgery After Trabeculectomy
Authors: Seah Steve K L , Jap Aliza , Prata Joao A , Baerveldt George , Lee Paul P , Heuer Dale K , Minckler Don S 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of cataract surgery on glaucomatous eyes with good intraocular pressure (IOP) control after trabeculectomy.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-two eyes with functional blebs that underwent cataract extraction were retrospectively analyzed.
* RESULTS: The mean (± SD) preoperative IOP was 11.0 ± 4.3 mm Hg. The mean (± SD) postoperative IOPs at 1, 2, 6, and 9 months were 15.5 ± 4.9, 12.6 ± 4.7, 14.6 ± 5.6, and 19.0 ± 7.9 mm Hg, respectively. At each interval except for the second month, the mean IOP was statistically significantly higher than the preoperative value (P = .0003, .24, .02, and .0009, respectively). The total number of medications was also higher (3 preoperatively versus 27 postoperatively). The interval between the two surgeries had no influence on IOP control. Intraoperative complications during cataract surgery, particularly vitreous loss, were associated with poor IOP control. Phacoemulsification had less of an effect on the postoperative IOP control than did extracapsular cataract extraction.
* CONCLUSIONS: Eyes with previous successful trabeculectomies had higher IOPs and required more medications after subsequent cataract surgeries.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:587-594.]
Comparative Results of Combined Procedures for Glaucoma and Cataract: II. Limbus-Based Versus Fornix-Based Conjunctival Flaps
Authors: Tezel Gülgün , Kolker Allan E , Kass Michael A , Wax Martin B 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: One of the variables to be considered in a combined procedure for glaucoma and cataract is the type of conjunctival flap to be used. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of limbus-based and fornix-based conjunctival flaps on postoperative long-term intraocular pressure (IOP) control and visual acuity after combined trabeculectomy with phacoemulsification.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed the charts of 189 patients (215 eyes) who underwent combined trabeculectomy with phacoemulsification, posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, and intraoperative mitomycin-C administration and who had a minimum follow-up of 12 months. The results of the limbus-based (151 eyes) versus fornix-based (64 eyes) conjunctival incisions used in these combined procedures were compared.
* RESULTS: In the limbus-based conjunctival flap group, 146 eyes (97%) achieved an IOP of less than 20 mm Hg, with or without medication; 62 eyes (97%) of the fornix-based conjunctival flap group (P > .05) achieved this result. A visual acuity of 20/40 or better was noted in 106 eyes (70%) in the limbusbased conjunctival flap group and in 45 eyes (70%) in the fornix-based conjunctival flap group (P > .05) at the last examination. Early wound leakage was observed more frequently in the fornix-based conjunctival flap group (8% vs 1%) (P= .014); however, it was not a serious clinical problem, as only 1 eye required surgical repair. Posterior capsular opacification was found more often in the limbus-based conjunctival flap group (25% vs 14%) (P = .072) and required more frequent laser capsulotomy (22% vs 9%) (P= 0.03).
* CONCLUSION: Limbus-based and fornix-based conjunctival flaps appear to be comparable with respect to postoperative IOP control and visual acuity after a combined trabeculectomy with phacoemulsification and posterior chamber IOL implantation in cases supplemented by intraoperative mitomycin-C.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:551-557.]
Anticardiolipin Antibodies and Retinal Vascular Complications in Behçet's Disease
Authors: Özdemir Yildiz , Önder Feyza , Yarangümeli Alper , Küçükkuyumcu Cumhur , Kural Gülcan 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Intravascular thrombosis is a well-recognized feature of Behcet's disease (BD). In this study, the existence of a connection between serum anticardiolipin (aCL) antibodies and retinal vascular complications in BD is investigated.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Serum aCL antibody levels were quantified in 31 patients with BD, all of whom fulfilled the major criteria of the disease. Patients were evaluated in terms of retinal vascular complications. Serum aCL antibody levels were determined through the ELISA method. Statistical analysis was performed with the chi-squared test and the Fisher exact test.
* RESULTS: Of 12 patients with high aCL antibody levels, retinal vascular thrombosis was detected in 5 and retinal vasculitis was present in 8. However, there was no statistically significant relation between these complications and serum aCL antibody elevation (P > .05).
* CONCLUSION: Based on this series of 31 patients with BD, there does not seem to be a significant correlation between retinal vascular complications and serum aCL antibody levels.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:653-656.]
Combined Pars Plana Vitrectomy and Scleral Buckling for Pseudophakic and Aphakic Retinal Detachments in Which a Break Is Not Seen Preoperatively
Authors: Desai Uday R , Strassman Israel B 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This study presents a group of patients with a Pseudophakic or aphakic retinal detachment (RD) and an unseen retinal break who were treated with a pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), fluid-air exchange, internal drainage, and endolaser in addition to a scleral buckle (SB) procedure.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The charts of 10 consecutive patients with a Pseudophakic or aphakic RD and an unseen retinal break who were treated with a PPV, fluid-air exchange, internal drainage, endolaser, and an SB were reviewed for preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, postoperative status of the retina, and surgical complications.
* RESULTS: All of the patients with a postoperative follow-up of at least 6 months continue to maintain an attached retina after one operation. Visual acuity has improved by at least 2 lines on the Snellen chart in 7 patients, remained the same in 2 patients, and decreased in 1 patient.
* CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study shows good anatomic results when performing a PPV, fluid-air exchange, internal drainage, and endolaser together with an SB for Pseudophakic or aphakic patients with an RD and an unseen break.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:718-722.]
Sub-Tenon's Anesthesia and Orbicularis Oculi Function
Authors: Rauz Saaeha , Subramaniam Srinivasan 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To assess the necessary volume of local anesthetic with added hyaluronidase that must be infiltrated to the subTenon's space to achieve complete eyelid akinesia.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighty-five consecutive patients were randomly assigned to two groups, receiving either 5 ml or 7 ml of local anesthetic to the sub-Tenon's space. Each patient was assessed clinically at 5 and 10 minutes for orbicularis oculi function. The anesthetic solution consisted of 5 ml of 2% lidocaine, 5 ml of 0.75% bupivacaine hydrochloride, and 1500 IU of hyaluronidase. A top-up of anesthetic infiltration was given in doses of 2 ml if excessive orbicularis muscle function persisted at 10 ml. Routine phacoemulsification surgery was performed, and, if necessary, a topup of anesthetic was given on the table.
* RESULTS: Complete eyelid akinesia was achieved in 7.5% (3 of 40) of the patients in the 5-ml group and in 93.3% (42 of 45) of the patients in the 7-ml group (P < .005). There was no effect for 57.5% (23 of 40) of the patients in the 5-ml group and for 2.2% (1 of 45) of die patients in the 7-ml group. A top-up of anesthetic was given in die anesthetic room to 40 patients, 37 of whom were in the 5-ml group, and a Van Lint block of the facial nerves was necessary for 1 patient from the 5-ml group. An on-the-table top-up of anesthesia was necessary for 3 patients (2 from the 5-ml group, 1 from the 7-ml group).
* CONCLUSIONS: The addition of hyaluronidase promotes diffusion of sub-Tenon's anesthetic, resulting in effective akinesia of the orbicularis oculi. The infiltration of 7 ml of the anesthetic solution significantly improves the rate of eyelid akinesia.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:727-730.]
Combined Phacoemulsification and Trabeculectomy With Mitomycin-C
Authors: Zacharia Peter T , Schuman Joel S 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of combined phacoemulsification and trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C with respect to visual rehabilitation and control of intraocular pressure in patients with coexisting cataract and glaucoma.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors retrospectively studied 20 consecutive cases of phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation combined with trabeculectomy using mitomycin-C. They included in their study 20 eyes of 19 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, inflammatory glaucoma, chronic angle-closure glaucoma, and normal tension glaucoma.

* RESULTS: After a mean postoperative follow-up time of 14.4 ± 3.1 months, intraocular pressure was reduced from a preoperative mean of 19.2 ± 6.1 mm Hg to a postoperative mean of 13.4 ± 3.9 mm Hg (P = .0004). The number of required intraocular pressure-lowering medications dropped from a preoperative mean of 2.3 ± 0.7 medications to 0.2 ± 0.4 medications postoperatively (P < .0001), with only 4 eyes requiring the restarting of a single medication each. Mean log
10
(minimum angle of resolution) visual acuity improved from a preoperative 0.66 ± 0.53 (Snellen 20/91) to a postoperative 0.30 ± 0.40 (Snellen 20/40) (P < .0005). The most frequent complication was a bleb leak (8 of 20 eyes [40%]), usually occurring early and responding to conservative management. One eye with later-onset bleb leak incurred endophthalmitis. In another eye, hypotony with maculopathy developed.

* CONCLUSIONS: Phacoemulsification combined with trabeculectomy using mitomycin-C appears to be an effective approach to the management of cataract in patients with glaucoma. It offers potential for good improvement in visual acuity as well as long-term control of intraocular pressure with reduced or no dependence on medications. Potential vision-threatening complications of this procedure, specifically hypotony maculopathy and late-onset bleb leaks, should be considered in the decision to use mitomycin-C.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:739-744.]
Adjustable Temporal Suture in Trabeculectomy With Scleral Flap
Authors: Prevezas Dimitrios C , Melissurgos Ioannis D 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The long-term success of trabeculectomy depends primarily on the degree of scarring that occurs to the artificial filtration route that is created by the procedure. The most serious postoperative complication of trabeculectomy is a persistent shallow anterior chamber or a flat chamber. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a suturing technique on the long-term success of trabeculectomy.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this study, the authors analyzed a trabeculectomy technique that is based on the application of a suture of variable tightness on the scleral flap. The technique was performed on 11 patients subjected to trabeculectomy.
* RESULTS: The postoperative complication of shallow anterior chamber was successfully treated with further tightening of the suture for one patient. For each patient, the authors loosened the suture on the fourth postoperative day and removed it completely on the seventh or eighth postoperative day. The patients were observed postoperatively for a minimum of 1 year. During this period the intraocular pressure for each patient was within the normal limits.
* CONCLUSION: The authors contend that this trabeculectomy technique, in which a suture on the scleral flap can be adjusted for tightness and is later removed, contributes significantly to the treatment of a postoperative shallow anterior chamber or a flat chamber and to the long-term function of an effective filtration fistula.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:745-750.]
The Regularity of Laser Keratectomy Depth in Nonmechanical Trephination for Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Seitz Berthold , Langenbucher Achim , Fischer Susanne , Kus Murat M , Vilchis Ernesto , Naumann Gottfried O H 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To study the regularity of laser keratectomy depth in nonmechanical trephination for penetrating keratoplasty (PK) and to assess its implications on astigmatism and visual acuity (VA).
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this retrospective clinicopathologic study, the authors enrolled 26 women and 32 men (mean age 54 ± 20 years) with either keratoconus (n = 27) or Fuchs' dystrophy (n = 31), who underwent excimer laser (193 nm) trephination using a manually guided beam. Donor cornea trephination was performed using an artificial anterior chamber and either an automated rotation device (n = 27) or a manually guided beam (n = 31). The minimum residual corneal thickness (MRCT) and the random residual corneal thickness (RRCT), requiring division with scissors in excised patient buttons or corneoscleral donor rims, were assessed in a masked fashion using histologic sections. The postkeratoplasty keratometric net astigmatism, the subjective cylinder, and the VA were evaluated before and after suture removal.
* RESULTS: In patients with keratoconus, the mean MRCT (13% ± 14%) and RRCT (38% ± 20%) were significantly higher than in the patients with Fuchs' dystrophy (7% ± 11% and 26% ± 15%, respectively) (P < .01). When an automated rotation device for trephination of the donor cornea was used, the mean MRCT (2% ± 4%) and RRCT (14% ± 11%) were significantly smaller than when a manually guided laser beam was employed (15% ± 12% and 38% ± 15%, respectively) (P < .001). After suture removal, the VA increased significantly with automated trephination (P = .04), but not with manually guided trephination of the donor cornea (P = .24). However, after a mean follow-up of 30 ± 8 months, the differences in the mean keratometric astigmatism, refractive cylinder, and VA after automated trephination (3.0 D, 2.6 D, 20/29, respectively) compared with those after manually guided trephination of the donor cornea (4.3 D, 3.9 D, 20/33, respectively) did not reach statistical significance.
* CONCLUSIONS: The regularity of donor trephination depth can be significantly improved by using an automated rotation device instead of a manually guided beam. Although residual postkeratoplasty astigmatism was not directly related to trephination depth, the improvement of the functional results after suture removal seems to be promoted by automated trephination.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:33-42.]
Surgical Results of Pars Plana Vitrectomy Combined With Phacoemulsification and Intraocular Lens Implantation for Complications of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Honjo Megumi , Ogura Yuichiro 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of combining phacoemulsification (PEA), pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Combined operations of PEA and PPV were performed in 76 eyes of 54 patients with cataract complicated by proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). The mean follow-up period was 24.4 months. Gas tamponade was employed in 15 eyes. IOLs were implanted during surgery.
* RESULTS: Visual acuity improved by 2 lines or more in 59 eyes (78%). Forty-seven eyes (77%) without tamponade and 12 eyes (80%) with tamponade had improved visual acuity. Postoperative complications included fibrin reaction in 8 eyes (10%), posterior synechia of the iris in 11 eyes (14%), and recurrence of retinal detachment in 8 eyes (10%). The incidence of these complications and of additional operations was higher in eyes that required tamponade, which corresponded with the severity of each case and the complexity of the surgical procedures.
* CONCLUSIONS: Although further studies are indicated, this study suggests that the combined operation of PPV, PEA, and IOL implantation is safe and effective for patients with PDR. The choice of IOL may be correlated with postoperative complications.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:99-105.]
Phacotrabeculectomy: Comparison of Results From 3.5- and 5.2-mm Incisions
Authors: Vyas Ashok V , Bacon Peter J , Percival S Piers B 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To compare the intraocular pressure control, visual results, and astigmatic results of 3.5-mm and 5.2-mm incisions following phacotrabeculectomy with 12 months of follow-up.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty eyes underwent clear cornea punch trabeculectomy under a 5.0 × 2.5-mm scleral flap, closed with two 10-0 polyglactin sutures. The first 25 eyes underwent wound extension to 5.2 mm for insertion of a single-piece polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) lens. The next 25 eyes underwent wound extension to 3.5 mm for insertion of a folded silicone lens.
* RESULTS: The mean intraocular pressure decrease from the preoperative level was 7.6 mm Hg in the 3.5-mm incision group and 7.8 mm Hg in the 5.2-mm incision group. One patient required continued medication. The best-corrected visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 86% of the patients, with no significant difference between the groups. The mean "with the wound" induced astigmatism showed no statistical difference between the two groups.
* CONCLUSIONS: The use of 10-0 polyglactin appears to aid filtration, yet minimizes hypotony or the need for antimetabolites. For surgeons who wish to reduce costs without compromising results during phacotrabeculectomy, there is merit in considering a 5.2-mm incision; moreover, the more rigid single-piece PMMA lens appears to be associated with fewer complications in the immediate postoperative period.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:227-233.]
Subretinal Semiconductor Microphotodiode Array
Authors: Peyman Gholam , Chow Alan Y , Liang Chanping , Chow Vincent Y , Perlman Jay I , Peachey Neal S 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To examine the function of a semiconductor microphotodiode array (SMA) surgically implanted in the subretinal space.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Positive-intrinsic layer-negative (PiN) or negative-intrinsic layer-positive (NiP) SMAs were surgically placed into the subretinal space of rabbits through a pars plana incision and a posterior retinotomy. The implants required no external connections for power and were sensitive to light over the visible and infrared (IR) spectrum; IR stimuli were used to isolate implant-mediated responses from the activity of native photoreceptors. A stimulator ophthalmoscope was used to superimpose IR stimuli on the implant and adjacent retinal areas, and responses were recorded during the postoperative recovery period. SMA responses were also evaluated in vitro. The animals were given lethal anesthetic overdoses, and the retinas were examined histologically.
* RESULTS: The in vitro implant response consisted of an electrical spike, followed by a small-amplitude DC offset that followed the time course of the IR stimulation, and an overshoot at the stimulus offset. The SMAs placed in the subretinal space retained a stable position and continued to function throughout the postoperative period. The SMA responses recorded in vivo included additional slow-wave components that were absent from the in vitro recordings. These responses reverted to the in vitro configuration following the death of the animal. There was a significant loss of retinal cells in areas overlying the implant, and the retina appeared normal away from the implant and surgical site.
* CONCLUSION: SMAs can be successfully implanted into the subretinal space and will generate current in response to light stimulation during an extended period of time.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:234-241.]