bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Essential role of autophagy in protecting neonatal haematopoietic stem cells from oxidative stress in a p62-independent manner
Authors: Nomura Naho , Ito Chiaki , Ooshio Takako , Tadokoro Yuko , Kohno Susumu , Ueno Masaya , Kobayashi Masahiko , Kasahara Atsuko , Takase Yusuke , Kurayoshi Kenta , Si Sha , Takahashi Chiaki , Komatsu Masaaki , Yanagawa Toru , Hirao Atsushi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAutophagy is a cellular degradation system contributing to homeostasis of tissue stem cells including haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). It plays pleiotropic roles in HSC characteristics throughout life, but its stage-specific roles in HSC self-renewal are unclear. To investigate the effects of Atg5 deletion on stage-specific HSC functions, we compared the repopulating capacity of HSCs in Atg5f/f;Vavi-cre mice from postnatal day (P) 0–7 weeks of age. Interestingly, Atg5 deficiency led to no remarkable abnormality in the HSC self-renewal capacity at P0, but significant defects at P7, followed by severe defects. Induction of Atg5 deletion at P5 by tamoxifen administration to Atg5f/f;Rosa26-Cre-ERT2 mice resulted in normal haematopoiesis, including the HSC population, until around 1 year, suggesting that Atg5 in the early neonatal period was critical for haematopoiesis in adults. Mitochondrial oxidative stress was increased by Atg5 loss in neonatal HSC/progenitor cells. Although p62 had accumulated in immature bone marrow cells of Atg5f/f;Vavi-cre mice, p62 deletion did not restore defective HSC functions, indicating that Atg5-dependent haematopoietic regulation in the developmental period was independent of p62. This study proposes a critical role of autophagy in HSC protection against harsh environments in the early neonatal stage, which is essential for healthy long-term haematopoiesis.
Enhancement of parvalbumin interneuron-mediated neurotransmission in the retrosplenial cortex of adolescent mice following third trimester-equivalent ethanol exposure
Authors: Bird Clark W. , Chavez Glenna J. , Barber Megan J. , Valenzuela C. Fernando 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPrenatal ethanol exposure causes a variety of cognitive deficits that have a persistent impact on quality of life, some of which may be explained by ethanol-induced alterations in interneuron function. Studies from several laboratories, including our own, have demonstrated that a single binge-like ethanol exposure during the equivalent to the third trimester of human pregnancy leads to acute apoptosis and long-term loss of interneurons in the rodent retrosplenial cortex (RSC). The RSC is interconnected with the hippocampus, thalamus, and other neocortical regions and plays distinct roles in visuospatial processing and storage, as well as retrieval of hippocampal-dependent episodic memories. Here we used slice electrophysiology to characterize the acute effects of ethanol on GABAergic neurotransmission in the RSC of neonatal mice, as well as the long-term effects of neonatal ethanol exposure on parvalbumin-interneuron mediated neurotransmission in adolescent mice. Mice were exposed to ethanol using vapor inhalation chambers. In postnatal day (P) 7 mouse pups, ethanol unexpectedly failed to potentiate GABAAreceptor-mediated synaptic transmission. Binge-like ethanol exposure of P7 mice expressing channel rhodopsin in parvalbumin-positive interneurons enhanced the peak amplitudes, asynchronous activity and total charge, while decreasing the rise-times of optically-evoked GABAAreceptor-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents in adolescent animals. These effects could partially explain the learning and memory deficits that have been documented in adolescent and young adult mice exposed to ethanol during the third trimester-equivalent developmental period.
Distribution of inhaled volatile β-caryophyllene and dynamic changes of liver metabolites in mice
Authors: Takemoto Yuki , Kishi Chihiro , Sugiura Yuki , Yoshioka Yuri , Matsumura Shinichi , Moriyama Tatsuya , Zaima Nobuhiro 
Published: January 2021

Abstractβ-caryophyllene (BCP), an essential oil component of many herbs and spices, has various biological activities as a functional food factor. A distinct feature of BCP is its volatile double-ring sesquiterpene structure. Orally administered BCP is reportedly detected in its intact form in mice serum; however, the distribution of inhaled volatile BCP throughout the body remains unknown. This study aimed to estimate the distribution properties of inhaled volatile BCP and to investigate its effects on metabolism. After mice were exposed to volatile BCP, it was detected in the lung, olfactory bulb, brain, serum, heart, liver, kidney, epididymal fat, and brown adipose tissue. BCP was further detected in the brain, liver, and brown adipose tissue 24 h after exposure. Metabolites related to glutathione metabolism were significantly altered in the liver. These results suggest that inhaled volatile BCP is widely distributed in murine tissues and affects the dynamics of metabolites in the liver.
Novel standardized method for extracellular flux analysis of oxidative and glycolytic metabolism in peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Janssen Joëlle J. E. , Lagerwaard Bart , Bunschoten Annelies , Savelkoul Huub F. J. , van Neerven R. J. Joost , Keijer Jaap , de Boer Vincent C. J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAnalyzing metabolism of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) provides key opportunities to study the pathophysiology of several diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, obesity and cancer. Extracellular flux (XF) assays provide dynamic metabolic analysis of living cells that can capture ex vivo cellular metabolic responses to biological stressors. To obtain reliable data from PBMCs from individuals, novel methods are needed that allow for standardization and take into account the non-adherent and highly dynamic nature of PBMCs. We developed a novel method for extracellular flux analysis of PBMCs, where we combined brightfield imaging with metabolic flux analysis and data integration in R. Multiple buffy coat donors were used to demonstrate assay linearity with low levels of variation. Our method allowed for accurate and precise estimation of XF assay parameters by reducing the standard score and standard score interquartile range of PBMC basal oxygen consumption rate and glycolytic rate. We applied our method to freshly isolated PBMCs from sixteen healthy subjects and demonstrated that our method reduced the coefficient of variation in group mean basal oxygen consumption rate and basal glycolytic rate, thereby decreasing the variation between PBMC donors. Our novel brightfield image procedure is a robust, sensitive and practical normalization method to reliably measure, compare and extrapolate XF assay data using PBMCs, thereby increasing the relevance for PBMCs as marker tissue in future clinical and biological studies, and enabling the use of primary blood cells instead of immortalized cell lines for immunometabolic experiments.
Estimating above-ground biomass of subtropical forest using airborne LiDAR in Hong Kong
Authors: Chan Evian Pui Yan , Fung Tung , Wong Frankie Kwan Kit 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSeventy-percent of the terrestrial area of Hong Kong is covered by vegetation and 40% is protected as the Country Park. The above-ground biomass (AGB) acts as reliable source of carbon sink and while Hong Kong has recognized the importance of carbon sink in forest and urged for forest protection in the latest strategic plan, yet no study has been conducted on assessing the baseline of terrestrial AGB and its carbon storage. This study compared and estimated the AGB by the traditional allometric modeling and the Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) plot metrics at plot-level in a subtropical forest of Hong Kong. The study has tested five allometric models which were developed from pantropical regions, subtropical areas and locally. The best model was then selected as the dependent variable to develop the LiDAR-derived AGB model. The raw LiDAR point cloud was pre-processed to normalized height point cloud and hence generating the LiDAR metric as independent variables for the model development. Regression models were used to estimate AGB at various plot sizes (i.e., in 10-m, 5-m and 2.5-m radius). The models were then evaluated statistically and validated by bootstrapping and leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV). The results indicated the LiDAR metric derived from larger plot size outperformed the smaller plot size, with model R2 of 0.864 and root-mean-square-error (RMSE) of 37.75 kg/ha. It also found that pantropical model was comparable to a site-specific model when including the bioclimatic variable in subtropical forests. This study provides the approach for delineating the baseline of terrestrial above-ground biomass and carbon stock in subtropical forests upon an appropriate plot size is being deployed.
Linear confinement of generalized KG-oscillator with a uniform magnetic field in Kaluza–Klein theory and Aharonov–Bohm effect
Authors: Ahmed Faizuddin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we solve generalized KG-oscillator interacts with a uniform magnetic field in five-dimensional space-time background produced by topological defects under a linear confining potential using the Kaluza–Klein theory. We solve this equation and analyze an analogue of the Aharonov–Bohm effect for bound states. We observe that the energy level for each radial mode depend on the global parameters characterizing the space-time, the confining potential, and the magnetic field which shows a quantum effect.
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae exotoxin ApxI induces cell death via attenuation of FAK through LFA-1
Authors: Li Siou-Cen , Cheng Yu-Tsen , Wang Ching-Yang , Wu Jia-Ying , Chen Zeng-Weng , Wang Jyh-Perng , Lin Jiunn-Horng , Hsuan Shih-Ling 
Published: January 2021

AbstractApxI exotoxin is an important virulence factor derived fromActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaethat causes pleuropneumonia in swine. Here, we investigate the role of lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1, CD11a/CD18), a member of the β2integrin family, and the involvement of the integrin signaling molecules focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Akt in ApxI cytotoxicity. Using Western blot analysis, we found that ApxI downregulated the activity of FAK and Akt in porcine alveolar macrophages (AMs). Preincubation of porcine AMs with an antibody specific for porcine CD18 reduced ApxI-induced cytotoxicity as measured by a lactate dehydrogenase release assay and decreased ApxI-induced FAK and Akt attenuation, as shown by Western blot analysis. Pretreatment with the chemical compounds PMA and SC79, which activate FAK and Akt, respectively, failed to overcome the ApxI-induced attenuation of FAK and Akt and death of porcine AMs. Notably, the transfection experiments revealed that ectopic expression of porcine LFA-1 (pLFA-1) conferred susceptibility to ApxI in ApxI-insensitive cell lines, including human embryonic kidney 293T cells and FAK-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Furthermore, ectopic expression of FAK significantly reduced ApxI cytotoxicity in pLFA-1-cotransfected FAK-deficient MEFs. These findings show for the first time that pLFA-1 renders cells susceptible to ApxI and ApxI-mediated attenuation of FAK activity via CD18, thereby contributing to subsequent cell death.
Low serum total CO2 and its association with mortality in patients being followed up in the nephrology outpatients clinic
Authors: Yoo Kyung Don , An Jung Nam , Kim Yong Chul , Lee Jeonghwan , Joo Kwon-Wook , Oh Yun Kyu , Kim Yon Su , Lim Chun Soo , Oh Sohee , Lee Jung Pyo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLarge-scale studies have not been conducted to assess whether serum hypobicarbonatemia increases the risk for kidney function deterioration and mortality among East-Asians. We aimed to determine the association between serum total CO2 (TCO2) concentrations measured at the first outpatient visit and clinical outcomes. In this multicenter cohort study, a total of 42,231 adult nephrology outpatients from 2001 to 2016 were included. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on dialysis within 3 months of the first visit were excluded. Instrumental variable (IV) was used to define regions based on the proportion of patients with serum TCO2 < 22 mEq/L. The crude mortality rate was 12.2% during a median 77.0-month follow-up period. The Cox-proportional hazard regression model adjusted for initial kidney function, alkali supplementation, and the use of diuretics demonstrated that low TCO2 concentration was not associated with progression to ESRD, but significantly increased the risk of death. The IV analysis also confirmed a significant association between initial TCO2 concentration and mortality (HR 0.56; 95% CI 0.49–0.64). This result was consistently significant regardless of the underlying renal function. In conclusion, low TCO2 levels are significantly associated with mortality but not with progression to ESRD in patients with ambulatory care.
Genetic diversity of Bartonella species in small mammals in the Qaidam Basin, western China
Authors: Rao Huaxiang , Li Shoujiang , Lu Liang , Wang Rong , Song Xiuping , Sun Kai , Shi Yan , Li Dongmei , Yu Juan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInvestigation of the prevalence and diversity of Bartonella infections in small mammals in the Qaidam Basin, western China, could provide a scientific basis for the control and prevention of Bartonella infections in humans. Accordingly, in this study, small mammals were captured using snap traps in Wulan County and Ge’ermu City, Qaidam Basin, China. Spleen and brain tissues were collected and cultured to isolate Bartonella strains. The suspected positive colonies were detected with polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing of gltA, ftsZ, RNA polymerase beta subunit (rpoB) and ribC genes. Among 101 small mammals, 39 were positive for Bartonella, with the infection rate of 38.61%. The infection rate in different tissues (spleens and brains) (χ2 = 0.112, P = 0.738) and gender (χ2 = 1.927, P = 0.165) of small mammals did not have statistical difference, but that in different habitats had statistical difference (χ2 = 10.361, P = 0.016). Through genetic evolution analysis, 40 Bartonella strains were identified (two different Bartonella species were detected in one small mammal), including B. grahamii (30), B. jaculi (3), B. krasnovii (3) and Candidatus B. gerbillinarum (4), which showed rodent-specific characteristics. B. grahamii was the dominant epidemic strain (accounted for 75.0%). Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis showed that B. grahamii in the Qaidam Basin, might be close to the strains isolated from Japan and China. Overall, we observed a high prevalence of Bartonella infection in small mammals in the Qaidam Basin. B. grahamii may cause human disease, and the pathogenicity of the others Bartonella species needs further study, the corresponding prevention and control measures should be taken into consideration.
An integrated approach to quantifying uncertainties in the remaining carbon budget
Authors: Damon Matthews H. , Tokarska Katarzyna B. , Rogelj Joeri , Smith Christopher J. , MacDougall Andrew H. , Haustein Karsten , Mengis Nadine , Sippel Sebastian , Forster Piers M. , Knutti Reto 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe remaining carbon budget quantifies the future CO2emissions to limit global warming below a desired level. Carbon budgets are subject to uncertainty in the Transient Climate Response to Cumulative CO2Emissions (TCRE), as well as to non-CO2climate influences. Here we estimate the TCRE using observational constraints, and integrate the geophysical and socioeconomic uncertainties affecting the distribution of the remaining carbon budget. We estimate a median TCRE of 0.44 °C and 5–95% range of 0.32–0.62 °C per 1000 GtCO2emitted. Considering only geophysical uncertainties, our median estimate of the 1.5 °C remaining carbon budget is 440 GtCO2from 2020 onwards, with a range of 230–670 GtCO2, (for a 67–33% chance of not exceeding the target). Additional socioeconomic uncertainty related to human decisions regarding future non-CO2emissions scenarios can further shift the median 1.5 °C remaining carbon budget by ±170 GtCO2.
A two-dimensional MXene-supported metal–organic framework for highly selective ambient electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction
Authors: Liang Xingyou , Ren Xuefeng , Yang Qiyue , Gao Liguo , Gao Mengfan , Yang Yanan , Zhu Haiding , Li Guangxin , Ma Tingli , Liu Anmin 
Published: January 2021

A Co-based MOF supported on Ti3C2 MXene was prepared via in situ growth, which can efficiently reduce nitrogen to ammonia under environmental conditions.
Serum CXCL5 level is associated with tumor progression in penile cancer
Authors: Mo Miao , Li Yangle , Hu Xiheng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5 is an important regulator of tumor progression in many cancers, and could serve as potential serum cancer biomarker. Our initial analysis identified CXCL5 as a cancer-related gene highly expressed in PC. Patients with PC exhibited markedly higher preoperative serum CXCL5 levels compared with that in healthy individuals (P&lt;0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.880 with the sensitivity of 84.0%, and specificity of 80.4% to distinguish PC. Serum CXCL5 levels were also significantly decreased following tumor resection in patients with PC (P=0.001). Preoperative serum CXCL5 level was significantly associated with clinicopathological characteristics including T stage (P=0.001), nodal status (P&lt;0.001), and pelvic lymph node metastasis (P=0.018). Cox regression analysis showed that serum CXCL5 level could serve as an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival with a HR of 6.363 (95% CI: 2.185–18.531, P=0.001). CXCL5 and its receptor CXCR2 exhibited correlated expression pattern in PC tissues. Differential CXCL5 expression was observed in normal penile tissues, PC cell lines, and their culture supernatants. Furthermore, knockdown of CXCL5 or CXCR2 expression markedly suppressed malignant phenotypes (cell proliferation, clonogenesis, apoptosis escape, migration, and invasion), attenuated STAT3 and AKT signaling, and reduced MMP2/9 secretion in PC cell lines. In conclusion, our findings revealed that serum CXCL5 level might serve as a potential diagnostic and prognostic cancer biomarker for penile cancer. Autocrine CXCL5/CXCR2 signaling might activate multiple downstream oncogenic signaling pathways (STAT3, AKT, MMP2/9) to promote malignant progression of PC, which may warrant further investigation in the future.
Th2 cytokines-DUOX2-ROS-HMGB1 translocation axis is important in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis
Authors: Min Hyun Jin , Park Joon Soon , Kim Kyung Soo , Park Seung Yong , Choi Honghwan , Seo Ju Hee , Kang Miran , Yoon Joo-Heon , Kim Chang-Hoon , Kim Sehoon , Cho Hyung-Ju 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The function of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) varies according to its location. However, the translocation mechanism behind HMGB1 remains unclear. We hypothesize that type 2 helper T cell (Th2) cytokines are involved in the translocation of HMGB1 in the upper airway epithelium. We investigated the mechanism behind HMGB1 translocation using Th2 cytokine stimulation and examined the clinical significance of HMGB1 translocation in allergic rhinitis (AR). Cytoplasmic and extracellular HMGB1 were increased in AR. Inhibiting HMGB1 translocation with glycyrrhizic acid (GA) decreased the level of antigen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), the degree of Periodic Acid–Schiff (PAS), and Sirius Red staining in the murine model. The in vivo reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in the nasal mucosa was higher in the mice with AR than in the controls. Th2 cytokine-induced up-regulation of the ROS and translocation of HMGB1 by Th2 cytokines was dependent on the generated ROS. The ROS level also increased in the murine model. We suggest that the Th2 cytokine-dual oxidase (DUOX)2-ROS-HMGB1 translocation axis is important in AR pathogenesis.
Multi‐user uplink transmission with asymptotic full‐receiver‐diversity in massive MIMO systems
Authors: Li Guo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA scenario of uplink transmissions from multiple single‐antenna users to a base‐station with large number of antennas is considered in this letter. Based on the conditional statistic properties of the received signals, a maximum likelihood‐based detector without prior channel state information is firstly presented. In order to estimate the whole transmitted symbols successfully, the optimal signal design can be equivalently converted to a max–min problem based on the conditional covariance matrix of the received signals. From the asymptotic performance analyses with the lower and upper bounds of the pairwise error probability, we show that the pairwise error probability decays exponentially with the number of receiver's antennas, which we define as the asymptotic full‐receiver‐diversity order in non‐coherent massive MIMO systems. In addition, we present the numerical results and illustrate the comparisons with several non‐coherent transmission schemes in the state‐of‐the‐art to verify the performance of our proposed scheme.
Rapid evaluation of the mechanical fault severity in induction motors using the model‐based diagnosis technique
Authors: Huang Jiajie , Liu Yongqiang , Liang Zhaowen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe motor current signal analysis (MCSA) technique is widely used as a non‐invasive method for detecting mechanical faults in induction motors by capturing characteristic components in the stator line current. However, the threshold of the characteristic component is not clear now, which makes it difficult for MCSA to judge whether the fault occurs or evaluates the mechanical fault severity. The existing model‐based evaluation methods cannot meet the requirement of online condition monitoring because of their slow calculation. To solve these problems, a simplified dynamic motor model under any type of mechanical fault is established, and a formula for the amplitude relationship between the radial vibration of the rotor and fault‐related component in the stator line current is derived. The radial vibration amplitude is related to mechanical fault severity. Using this formula, the MCSA technique can rapidly evaluate the mechanical fault severity according to the amplitude of the characteristic component in the collected stator current. The simulation study results demonstrate the accuracy of the simplified model and formula. The experimental results presented for condition monitoring in a real induction motor clearly validate the evaluation approach.
Stacked denoising autoencoder based fault location in voltage source converters‐high voltage direct current
Authors: Luo Guomin , Cheng Mengxiao , Hei Jiaxin , Wang Xiaojun , Huang Weibo , He Jinghan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHigh voltage direct current has been more and more popular in modern transmission systems. Accurate fault location could help fault clearance and fast recovery of the faulted system. A stacked denoising autoencoder based fault location method for high voltage direct current transmission systems is proposed. The local measurements are analysed, and an end‐to‐end stacked denoising autoencoder‐based fault location is realised. Representative features are extracted with unsupervised learning and labelled as the input of the regression network for fine‐tuning in a supervised manner. The trained network can precisely map the local measurements and their corresponding fault distance. The performance of the proposed method is tested on a point‐to‐point high voltage direct current transmission system, which is modelled on the platform of PSCAD/EMTDC. The faults on both overhead lines and cables are considered, and the location performance in different scenarios are discussed. The simulation results show that the proposed method is effective in pinpointing faults location in various cases.