bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Features of methods for monitoring the fuel cladding tightness in lead-cooled fast breeder reactors
Authors: Dragunova Anastasiya V. , Morkin Mikhail S. , Perevezentsev Vladimir V. 
Published: December 2021

To timely detect failed fuel elements, a reactor plant should be equipped with a fuel cladding tightness monitoring system (FCTMS). In reactors using a heavy liquid-metal coolant (HLMC), the most efficient way to monitor the fuel cladding tightness is by detecting gaseous fission products (GFP).
The article describes the basic principles of constructing a FCTMS in liquid-metal-cooled reactors based on the detection of fission products and delayed neutrons. It is noted that in a reactor plant using a HLMC the fuel cladding tightness is the most efficiently monitored by detecting GFPs. The authors analyze various aspects of the behavior of fission products in a liquid-metal-cooled reactor, such as the movement of GFPs in dissolved and bubble form along the circuit, the sorption of volatile FPs in the lead coolant (LC) and on the surfaces of structural elements, degassing of the GFPs dissolved in the LC, and filtration of cover gas from aerosol particles of different nature.
In addition, a general description is given of the conditions for the transfer of GFPs in a LC environment of the reactor being developed. Finally, a mathematical model is presented that makes it possible to determine the calculated activity of reference radionuclides in each reactor unit at any time after the fuel element tightness failure. Based on this model, methods for monitoring the fuel cladding tightness by the gas activity in the gas volumes of the reactor plant will be proposed.
Se venger, de la Grèce antique à la Kabylie d’aujourd’hui
Authors: Yanat Hania , Torbey Abbas 
Published: December 2021

La vengeance, inscrite dans les tréfonds de l’âme humaine, a plusieurs visages : individuel (vendetta), politique (ennemi diabolisé), idéologique (racisme), religieux (loi du talion, bouc émissaire), économique (mafia et congénères).
L’industrie des poudres et explosifs sous l’Occupation : un chantier de recherche à ouvrir
Authors: Bret Patrice 
Published: December 2021

Depuis le tournant du xxie siècle, l’histoire de l’industrie française sous l’Occupation est devenue un chantier de recherche très actif et bien balisé, mais le secteur des poudres et explosifs est resté à l’écart de ce mouvement, tant dans ses composantes publiques que privées. L’article fait un point de l’historiographie et des changements institutionnels du secteur entre 1939 et 1945 et entrouvre la question de la Collaboration, du freinage industriel et de la Résistance au travers d’archives inédites sur l’épuration dans l’industrie privée des poudres et explosifs et à la Poudrerie nationale de Toulouse
Expressions et évolutions de l’anthropologie du développement au Vietnam
Authors: Culas Christian , Pannier Emmanuel , Truong Thi Thu Hang 
Published: December 2021

L’objectif de cet article est de saisir les expressions et les évolutions de l’anthropologie du développement au Vietnam. En partant des prémices de l’anthropologie au xixe siècle, nous analysons les relations entre le pouvoir central et la discipline jusqu’à aujourd’hui. Quels que soient les époques et les régimes, l’anthropologie est au service de l’État et du développement, si bien que l’anthropologie du développement comme recherche appliquée domine largement la scène au détriment d’une anthropologie du développement académique plus critique et réflexive. Cet état des lieux nous amène à situer les différentes positions des anthropologues vietnamiens par rapport aux positions idéal-typiques identifiées dans la littérature spécialisée. Entre l’anthropologie appliquée, l’anthropologie académique et l’anthropologie impliquée, la discipline est façonnée par les contraintes idéologiques et financières imposées par l’État-parti d’un côté et par les ONG et agences de développement internationales de l’autre. Certains anthropologues parviennent néanmoins à exprimer, dans les interstices, des positions plus critiques sur les projets de développement et les idéologies qui les portent.
Représentations et images du corps dans l’émergence du sport moderne (xixe-xxe siècles)
Authors: Loudcher Jean-François 
Published: December 2021

Deux « figures » majeures, l’Homme à la fin du xviiie siècle (Foucault, 1966) et le Surhomme un siècle plus tard, sont liées à l’avènement du sport moderne. Analyser comment elles se mettent en place suppose de prendre en compte leurs représentations corporelles à partir des conceptions de la santé (Canguilhem, 1972) et des images produites. Ainsi, la première, nourrie des conceptions anciennes (ontologique et dynamique), détermine des conceptions qualitatives et quantitatives renvoyant à des images de corps lourds et lents. Ces représentations ouvrent alors sur la conception normative de la moyenne (Canguilhem, 1972) et une éducation physique éclectique dans le contexte culturel et politique particulier de la IIIe République. Avec l’éthique de « l’exploit » et du dépassement, essentielle au sport moderne, des images du corps aux muscles plus sveltes et saillants se répandent, en même temps qu’apparaît une diversité des normes. Leur individualisation pose alors la question de l’existence même des corps et des individus, rendant difficile leur représentation, à l’instar de certaines conceptions de l’art sportif. Dépasser l’aspect normatif mène à privilégier le processus d’adaptation.
Idéologie de l’hypertrophie musculaire au cinéma
Authors: Maillet Arnaud 
Published: December 2021

En matière de culture visuelle, l’opposition entre culture populaire et culture de masse engendre une image double des corps athlétiques aux muscles hypertrophiés dans le cinéma mainstream. Du point de vue de la culture populaire, la culture visuelle des athlètes bodybuildés symbolise la force de l’esprit qui lutte contre le mal, les inégalités et les injustices. Elle est aussi celle qui fait accéder les corps sportifs à une certaine forme de divinité, celle « des dieux du stade ». En revanche, élaborée dans le cadre d’une culture de masse, l’image des culturistes constitue alors non seulement une énième forme de contrôle social par une représentation qui marchandise les corps, mais encore un moyen coercitif de conversion des esprits à l’individualisme, notion-clef de l’idéologie néolibérale.
Multi-analytical approach for the compositional and micro-structural study of Florentine Masters stucco devotional reliefs
Authors: Gariani Gianluca , Beaugnon Florian , Lehuédé Patrice , Coquinot Yvan , Galeotti Monica , Gouillart Emmanuelle , Wallez Gilles , Goubard Fabrice , Bouquillon Anne , Bormand Marc 
Published: December 2021

The production of devotional reliefs, flourished in 15th century in Florence, where models from Renaissance Masters were reproduced in series by using a large variety of materials. One of the most frequently used is gypsum plaster, often referred to as “stucco” or “gesso”. Despite devotional reliefs wide diffusion, details concerning their constitutive materials and manufacture are insufficiently studied. In the framework of a research program fostered by the Louvre Museum, a multi-analytical approach was devised to investigate the composition and structure of micro samples obtained from a total of twenty-six representative artworks attributed to seven Florentine Masters. New evidence related to i) accessory minerals, ii) minor and trace elements, and iii) pores microstructure, disclosed important insights into the production of 15th century Florentine botteghe. These evidences, corroborated by the activity of some artists across Italy, raise new hypotheses on the attribution of some of these Madonne di gesso and their production outside Florence.
Proteomic analysis of Renaissance stucco: development of the analytical protocol and first results
Authors: Aksamija Amra , Devassine Stéphanie , Bray Fabrice , Bormand Marc , Bouquillon Anne , Rolando Christian , Tokarski Caroline 
Published: December 2021

This study proposes a proteomic-based strategy for the identification of proteins and their biological origin in stucco artworks from Italian Renaissance period in the context of the ESPRIT project (Études des Stucs Polychromés de la Renaissance Italienne). Three samples were studied: Virgin and Child, type Santa Maria Nuova (after Antonio Rossellino) from the Louvre Museum collection in Paris (Campana 19); Virgin and Child (after Benedetto da Maiano) (MBA 507) and Virgin and Child (Circle of Luca della Robbia) (MBA 247), both from the Museum of Fine Arts in Strasbourg collection. The analytical methodology was firstly evaluated using stucco mock up built with model proteins/binders. Various protocols were tested to extract very limited amounts of proteins from the inorganic matrix. The optimized workflow was successfully applied to historic samples showing identification of collagens and their biological origin.
Assessing Professional Students' Application of the International Classification of Functioning, Health, and Disability Model and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures During Patient Care
Authors: Nottingham Sara L. 
Published: December 2021

Context
The International Classification of Functioning, Health, and Disability (ICF) model and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are concepts that must be addressed in professional education.

Objective
Describe a class assignment that allows students to integrate the concepts of the ICF model and PROMs into actual patient care.

Background
Adult learners, including professional athletic training students, thrive on learning experiences where they can apply concepts and integrate new knowledge with existing knowledge. In addition, existing research suggests that most athletic trainers are not integrating PROMs into their clinical practice; therefore, students are most likely not seeing the use of PROMs during clinical education. Faculty can facilitate the application of the ICF model and PROMs into patient care with a course-based assignment.

Description
The assignment requires students to use the ICF model as an assessment tool with an actual patient, which helps shape their therapeutic interventions. Students recorded baseline and follow-up PROMs with this patient over a time period of at least 3 weeks while documenting their interventions and the patient's change over time. Students addressed reflection prompts in the assignment by describing their successes and challenges, in addition to describing their future plans for integrating the ICF model and PROMs into their clinical practice.

Clinical Advantage(s)
Students described this assignment as beneficial because it helped them treat their patients more holistically. Students self-reported increased knowledge and confidence with using the ICF model and PROMs in their clinical practice. Students described a plan to integrate these concepts into their clinical practice in a limited fashion.

Conclusion(s)
Faculty may consider integrating an applied, patient-based assignment such as this to assess students' application of the ICF model and PROMs to an actual patient. This assignment can also be easily condensed or expanded to fit different courses, student background knowledge, and assessment of different curricular content standards.
Teaching Dermatology Using a Cognitive Learning Theory Approach: An Educational Technique
Authors: Manspeaker Sarah A. , Wix Alison N. 
Published: December 2021

Context
Athletic trainers must develop the knowledge and skills to recognize signs and symptoms of dermatologic conditions in the physically active population.

Objective
To present an overview of an educational technique aimed at promoting the development of skills related to dermatological care that meets clinical practice needs and accreditation requirements for athletic training programs at all levels.

Background
Curricular content standards in athletic training education require learners to obtain the skills necessary to perform an evaluation, formulate a diagnosis, and establish a plan of care relevant to the integumentary system, including dermatological conditions. Cognitive Learning Theory uses specific sequencing of content and learning sessions to promote student engagement in the learning process.

Description
Within an evaluation course for nonorthopaedic conditions, a 3–class session learning module was developed to target instruction, application, and assessment of dermatological conditions. This article describes the development, overview of content, delivery methods, outcomes to date, and connection to the instructional standards in athletic training.

Clinical Advantage(s)
Integrating evaluation of dermatological conditions into athletic training curricula enhances clinical decision-making skills and direct application of these skills to clinical practice.

Conclusion(s)
Athletic trainers should be able to effectively identify, manage, and potentially refer patients with dermatological conditions. Educating future athletic trainers to be able to prevent the spread of infection, decrease disease transmission, and enhance their ability to recognize and manage dermatological conditions is vital to their development toward independent clinical practice.
Laparoscopic Hepaticoduodenostomy for Choledochal Cysts in Children <1 Year
Authors: Arafa Ahmed , Ragab Moutaz , Eltagy Gamal Hassan 
Published: December 2021

Context:
Choledochal cyst (CHC) is one of the most common causes of surgical jaundice in infants. In 1955, Farello et al. were the first to introduce the laparoscopic approach for treatment of CHC.

Aim of the Study:
Minimally invasive approaches to the management of CHC excision have been done in pre-schoolers and above but have not yet been described in toddlers, let alone infants. Herein, we review the results of 10 consecutive children <1 year managed with laparoscopic CHC excision and hepaticoduodenostomy.

Methods:
This retrospective study investigated 10 infants who underwent laparoscopic resection of a CHC with creation of a hepaticoduodenostomy.

Results:
This study was performed on 10 consecutive patients <1 year. Liver fibrosis was found in 4 patients. We had 7 cases with Type 1 CHCs and 3 cases with Type IV A cysts. Total cyst excision was done in all patients, no cases needed blood transfusion and the mean operative time was 200 min. The mean hospital stay was 6 days. Overall, morbidity occurred in 20% of the cases presenting with bouts of cholangitis that resolved without any intervention, once at 6 months, the other at 1-year post-operative. There were neither anastomotic strictures nor biliary fistula formation; magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography was done to these two cases revealed no stricture and mortality at 30 and 90 days was nil.

Conclusion:
Laparoscopic hepaticoduodenostomy in CHC in children <1 year is safe, with satisfactory short-term results.
Challenges in the Management of Paediatric Surgical Patients in the Midst of COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Chanchlani Roshan , Ahmad Reyaz , Jangid Mahendra Kumar 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
As a result of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, more than 28 million planned surgeries worldwide could be cancelled leading to patients facing long waiting period for their treatment. The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS CoV-2) has spread to more than 220 countries around the world and has almost stopped all routine surgical work. In children, the delay in the management of surgical diseases could result in significant morbidity and mortality.

Material and Method:
Herein, we describe our experience with the management of Paediatric Surgical patients at our centre which is a tertiary level hospital catering to both COVID-19 positive and Non-COVID patients in all specialties.

Observation and Results:
During the COVID-19 pandemic, 69.41% fewer paediatric surgical patients underwent surgery relative to the corresponding period 1 year earlier. However, the number of emergency cases performed increased during the COVID pandemic by 62.12%, mostly involving, urological and gastrointestinal emergencies.

Conclusion:
As we gain experience in effective protocol-based management, which can be revised based on the evolving scientific evidence. It will be appropriate to resume the elective work in selected patients, following the appropriate level of precautions.
Ultrasonic Attenuation of an Agar, Silicon Dioxide, and Evaporated Milk Gel Phantom
Authors: Drakos Theocharis , Antoniou Anastasia , Evripidou Nikolas , Alecou Tereza , Giannakou Marinos , Menikou Georgios , Constantinides Georgios , Damianou Christakis 
Published: December 2021

Background:
It has been demonstrated that agar-based gel phantoms can emulate the acoustic parameters of real tissues and are the most commonly used tissue-mimicking materials for high-intensity focused ultrasound applications. The following study presents ultrasonic attenuation measurements of agar-based phantoms with different concentrations of additives (percent of agar, silicon dioxide and evaporated milk) in an effort of matching the material's acoustic property as close as possible to human tissues.

Methods:
Nine different agar-based phantoms with various amounts of agar, silicon dioxide, and evaporated milk were prepared. Attenuation measurements of the samples were conducted using the through-transmission immersion techniques.

Results:
The ultrasonic attenuation coefficient of the agar-based phantoms varied in the range of 0.30–1.49 dB/cm-MHz. The attenuation was found to increase in proportion to the concentration of agar and evaporated milk. Silicon dioxide was found to significantly contribute to the attenuation coefficient up to 4% weight to volume (w/v) concentration.

Conclusion:
The acoustic attenuation coefficient of agar-based phantoms can be adjusted according to the tissue of interest in the range of animal and human tissues by the proper selection of agar, silicon dioxide, and evaporated milk.
Stigma among tuberculosis patients and associated factors in urban slum populations in Uganda
Authors: Ashaba Clare , Musoke David , Tsebeni Wafula Solomon , Konde-Lule Joseph 
Published: December 2021

Background: Stigma continues to be a major barrier to tuberculosis (TB) control particularly in urban populations. Stigma can influence health seeking behaviour and affect adherence to TB treatment, yet few studies have examined TB related stigma and associated factors in Uganda. This study was therefore conducted to determine the level of stigma and associated factors among TB patients in an urban setting in Kampala, Uganda.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Makindye division, Kampala among 204 patients with TB aged 18 years and above. Data were collected on socio-demographic, individual patient and HIV/AIDS related factors using an intervieweradministered questionnaire. The outcome variable (stigma) was assessed on a four-point Likert scale from the participants’ perspective. Stigma scores ranged from 0 to 36 which were summed up and a median stigma score calculated. Individuals with a stigma score equal or greater than the median were categorized as having high stigma. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with TB stigma.
Results: Over half (52%) of the participants were found to have high TB stigma. Knowing someone who had died of TBAOR = 4.42, 95% CI (1.69 - 11.50) and believing that TB and HIV symptoms were similarAOR = 3.05, 95% CI (1.29 - 7.22) were positively associated with high TB stigma. The odds of having high stigma were 79% lower among individuals who had been previously treated for TBAOR = 0.21, 95% CI (0.09 - 0.52).
Conclusions: Stigma towards TB was high in this urban population and mainly associated with knowing a person who had died of TB, perception that symptoms of TB are similar to those of HIV/AIDS, and previous TB treatment. Interventions to mitigate TB stigma are needed in urban populations and should also address HIV/AIDS related stigma.
Key terms: Stigma; tuberculosis; health facility; urban population; Uganda.
Occurrence of bacteraemia following oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Osaiyuwu Omokaro 
Published: December 2021

Study Design: A prospective study of 130 patients attending the Government Dental and Maxillofacial Hospital (now Maxillofacial unit, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital), Port Harcourt, between August 2018 and September 2019.
Objective: To examine the factors that affect the occurrence of a bacteremia associated with oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures, and the types of bacteria causing this bacteremia, and establish the need or otherwise for prophylactic antibiotics in, ‘at risk’ patients.
Methods: 130 healthy adult patients requiring various oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures under local anesthesia using 2% lidocaine with 1: 100,000 adrenaline, were screened bacteriologically to determine the occurrence of a bacteremia. 5 milliliters of venous blood was collected from the antecubital vein of each patient preoperatively and within 3 minutes postoperatively. The samples collected were cultured and bacteriological identification done and analyzed.
Results: Bacteremia was found in 43 (33.1%) of 130 patients postoperatively. In patients undergoing extractions, bacteremia occurred more frequently when teeth were extracted due to inflammatory dental diseases. There was no statistical correlation between the occurrence of a bacteremia and the number of teeth extracted (p>0.05). Of the 70 isolates obtained postoperatively, 5 (6.4%) were aerobes, 51 (65.4%) were facultative anaerobes (including microaerophiles) and 14 (17.9%) were anaerobes. Among the facultative anaerobes (including microaerophiles), the most frequently isolated bacteria generawere species of Staphylococcus (25.7%), Streptococcus spp. (17.1%) and Streptococcus viridans (15.7%) and among the anaerobes, Bacteriodes spp. (8.6%) were the most frequently isolated. All the isolates were sensitive to azithromycin, amikacin, imipenemand meropenem. However, 3 (30%) of the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, which is a commonly used drug for antimicrobial prophylaxis.
Conclusion: This study shows the occurrence of bacteremia in Nigerians following various oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures and that the observed bacteremia was not dependent on the patient’s age or gender. This study emphasizes the need for antibiotic prophylaxis in those patients who are at risk of developing complications from bacteremia. Amoxicillin as this study shows will not be an effective antibiotic prophylactic agent in a majority of patients. The author therefore recommends the use of azithromycin as an alternative prophylactic agent in those patients.
Keywords: Bacteremia; bacteria isolates; antimicrobial prophylaxis; Port Harcourt, Nigeria.