bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aluminium zinc oxide as a saturable absorber for passively Q-switched and mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser
Authors: Nizamani B , Jafry A A A , Salam S , Fizza G , Soboh R S M , Abdul Khudus M I M , Hanafi E , Yasin M , Harun S W 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) are widely integrated in the field of optoelectronics since they are optically transparent and electrically conductive at the same time. Indium tin oxide (ITO) is a well-developed TCO, but due to its high cost, aluminum zinc oxide (AZO) is now emerging as a promising low-cost replacement for ITO. This work reports on AZO thin film prepared with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a host material. The AZO–PVA thin film was incorporated into an erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) as a saturable absorber for the first time. Both Q-switched and nanosecond pulse mode-locked operation were experimentally achieved. The Q-switched EDFL operated at the center wavelength of 1559.6 nm, which had the shortest pulse width of 2.2 µs, the maximum repetition rate of 86 kHz and the highest pulse energy of 47.3 nJ. The mode-locked was achieved at the center wavelength of 1560.4 nm.
Nonlocal advantage of quantum coherence of coupled qubits in thermal and dephasing reservoirs
Authors: Xie Yu-Xia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We investigate the nonlocal advantage of quantum coherence (NAQC) for two qubits coupled via the Heisenberg interaction and embedded in their respective thermal and dephasing reservoirs. Unlike the case of two uncoupled qubits, we showed that in the presence of the Heisenberg interaction, the decay rate of the NAQC can be reduced and the strength of the NAQC can be enhanced for certain initial states. Moreover, the Heisenberg interaction of two spins can induce generation of NAQC from the initial product states, and the generated NAQC approaches asymptotically to its maximum with the increasing anisotropy of the Heisenberg interaction.
Effects of centrality fluctuation and deuteron formation on the proton number cumulant in Au+Au collisions at

= 3 GeV from the JAM model *
Authors: Chatterjee Arghya , Zhang Yu , Liu Hui , Wang Ruiqin , He Shu , Luo Xiaofeng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We studied the effects of centrality fluctuation and deuteron formation on the cumulant (

) and correlation functions (

) of protons up to the sixth order in the most central (

< 3 fm) Au+Au collisions at

= 3 GeV in a microscopic transport model (JAM). The results are presented as a function of rapidity acceptance within the transverse momentum 0.4 < p T < 2 GeV/ c. We compared the results obtained by the centrality bin width correction (CBWC) using charged reference particle multiplicities with the CBWC using impact parameter bins. It was found that, at low energies, the centrality resolution for determining the collision centrality using charged particle multiplicities is not sufficient to reduce the initial volume fluctuation effect for higher-order cumulant analysis. New methods need to be developed to classify events with high centrality resolution for heavy-ion collisions at low energies. Finally, we observed that the formation of deuterons suppresses the higher-order cumulants and correlation functions of protons and found it to be similar to the efficiency effect. This work can serve as a noncritical baseline for the QCD critical point search in the high baryon density region.
Bayesian inference on isospin splitting of nucleon effective mass from giant resonances in 208Pb *
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Feng Xue-Bin , Chen Lie-Wen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
From a Bayesian analysis of the electric dipole polarizability, the constrained energy of isovector giant dipole resonance, the peak energy of isocalar giant quadrupole resonance, and the constrained energy of isocalar giant monopole resonance in 208Pb, we extract the isoscalar and isovector effective masses in nuclear matter at saturation density

as

and

, respectively, at 90% confidence level. The constraints obtained on

and

lead to a positive isospin splitting of nucleon effective mass in asymmetric nuclear matter of isospin asymmetry

at

as

. In addition, the symmetry energy at the subsaturation density

is determined to be

MeV at 90% confidence level.
Type-I ELM power loads on the closed outer divertor targets in the HL-2A tokamak
Authors: Gao J.M. , Cai L.Z. , Zou X.L. , Eich T. , Adamek J. , Cao C.Z , Huang Z.H. , Ji X.Q. , Jiang M. , Liu L. , Lu J. , Liu Y. , Shi Z.B. , Thornton A.J. , Wu N. , Xiao G.L. , Xu M. , Yan L.W. , Yu L.M. , Yu D.L. , Yang Q.W. , Zhong W.L. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The HL-2A tokamak has a very closed divertor geometry, and a new infrared camera has been installed for high resolution studies of edge-localized mode (ELM) heat load onto the outer divertor targets. The characteristics of power deposition patterns on the lower outer divertor target plates during ELMs are systematically analysed with infrared thermography. The ELM energy loss is in the range of 3%–8% of the total plasma stored energy. The peak heat flux on the outer divertor targets during ELMs currently achieved in HL-2A is about 1.5–3.2 MW m−2, the wetted area is about 0.5–0.7 m2, and the corresponding integrated power decay length at the midplane is about 25–40 mm. The rise time of the ELM power deposition is in the range of about 100 μs to 400 μs, and the decay time is typically 1.5 to 4 times longer than the corresponding rise time. Convective transport along open field lines during the ELM rise phase from the midplane towards the divertor targets is implied due to the correlation of parallel transport time in the scrape-off layer (SOL) and ELM power rise time. The peak ELM energy fluence is compared with those predicted by models and with experimental data from JET, ASDEX Upgrade, MAST, and COMPASS. The results, as a whole, show a good agreement.
Detection of low-magnetic fields by rubidium (87Rb) vapor cell
Authors: Maciel M. J. , Silva M. F. , Pimenta S. , Correia J. H. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper describes the work carried out to assess the use of a quartz reference rubidium (87Rb) vapor cell for non-invasively magnetoencephalography, avoiding cryogenically cooled sensors as the Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs). An experimental setup based on a cylindrical glass vapor cell of 87Rb (l = 75 mm, d =19 mm) was developed. The 87Rb cell was heated to around 75°C and it was optically pumped with polarized light (range 750-850 nm), tuned to the D1 transition of rubidium, for spin-polarization of the atoms, and the intensity of the light transmitted through the cell was detected using a photodiode. Without magnetic field, the photodiode current is maximized but when a small transverse magnetic field is present a measurable drop in light transmission occurs. A Magnetic Shielded Box (MSB) made by a nickel-iron ferromagnetic alloy, was used for nulling background magnetic fields and the transmittance light versus transverse magnetic field intensity (100-1000 nT) was measured.
Enhancement of unsteady frequency responses of electro-thermal resonance MEMS cantilever sensors
Authors: Setiono Andi , Nyang’au Wilson Ombati , Fahrbach Michael , Xu Jiushuai , Bertke Maik , Wasisto Hutomo Suryo , Peiner Erwin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Unsteady frequency response of in-plane electro-thermal MEMS-based cantilever sensors can cause up-/down-shifting of the resonance phase, which becomes an inhibitive factor in resonance locking using a phase-locked loop setup. Moreover, the inconsistency of resonance phase during real-time measurement potentially causes inaccuracy in resonant-frequency locking. In this work, reference parameters are differentially subtracted from the sensor output signals to enhance the characteristic of frequency response. As a calculation result, a constant resonance phase can be successfully achieved by adjusting the reference parameters close to the sensor baseline, both in sensor amplitude and phase.
Angular distribution measurement of atoms evaporated from a resistive oven applied to ion beam production
Authors: Leduc A. , Thuillier T. , Maunoury L. , Bajeat O. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A low temperature oven has been developed to produce calcium
beam with Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS). The atom flux from the oven has been studied experimentally as a function of the temperature and the angle of emission by means of a quartz microbalance. The absolute flux measurement permitted to derive Antoine's coefficient for the calcium sample used: A=8.98± 0.07 and B=7787± 110 in standard unit. The angular FWHM of the atom flux distribution is found to be 53.7±7.3∘ at 848 K, temperature at which the gas behaviour is non collisional. The atom flux hysteresis observed experimentally in several laboratories is explained as follows: at first calcium heating, the evaporation comes from the sample only, resulting in a small evaporation rate. Once a full calcium layer has formed on the crucible refractory wall, the calcium evaporation surface includes the crucible's enhancing dramatically the evaporation rate for a given temperature. A Monte-Carlo code, developed to reproduce and investigate the oven behaviour as a function of temperature is presented. A discussion on the gas regime in the oven is proposed as a function of its temperature. A fair agreement between experiment and simulation is found.
Old groundwater buffers the effects of a major drought in groundwater-dependent ecosystems of the eastern Sierra Nevada (CA)
Authors: Meyers Zachary P , Frisbee Marty D , Rademacher Laura K , Stewart-Maddox Noah S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Global groundwater resources are stressed and the effects of climate change are projected to further disrupt recharge processes. Therefore, we must identify the buffers to climate change in hydrogeologic systems in order to understand which groundwater resources will be disproportionally affected by these changes. Here, we utilize a novel combination of remote sensing (e.g. Landsat) and groundwater residence time data (3H, 36Cl) to identify the factors controlling the hydrogeologic stability of aridland mountain-front springs in response to a major climate event, the 2011–2017 California drought. Desert springs within Owens Valley (CA) support unique ecosystems that are surrounded by lush, green vegetation sustained only by discharging groundwater and are not reliant on localized precipitation. Therefore, the health or ecological response of this vegetation is a direct reflection of the hydrogeologic stability of the mountain-block groundwater system since water is the limiting resource for riparian plant growth in arid regions. We compared spring water residence times to vegetation health metrics computed from Landsat imagery leading up to and during the drought interval. We observe that the vegetation surrounding springs discharging a high fraction of modern and bomb-pulse groundwater (<100 years) showed evidence of increased drying and desiccation as the drought progressed. In comparison, springs discharging a higher fraction of old groundwater (>100 years) showed little response thereby supporting the conceptual model where old groundwater, i.e. a distribution of deep and stable groundwater flowpaths, buffers short- to long-term climate perturbations and may provide hydrogeologic resistance to future effects from climate change.
Global changes in the spatial extents of precipitation extremes
Authors: Tan Xuezhi , Wu Xinxin , Liu Bingjun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Understanding the variability of spatial extents of precipitation extremes favors an accurate assessment of the severity of disasters caused by extreme precipitation events. Using a restricted neighborhood method, we identify the spatial extents of global precipitation extremes over 1983–2018 and examine their spatiotemporal variability and associated changes. Results show that the mid-latitudes shows the largest spatial extent of precipitation extremes, and the spatial extents in non-tropical regions over the Northern Hemisphere show significant seasonal differences. In non-monsoon regions, the spatial extents of precipitation extremes in autumn and winter are larger than those in spring and summer, and the annual average spatial extents of precipitation extremes all exceed 500 km, which are larger than those in monsoon regions. All the five non-monsoon regions over the Northern Hemisphere and three monsoon regions in the western Pacific show statistically significant increases in the spatial extent of precipitation extremes in most seasons.
Financial inclusion may limit sustainable development under economic globalization and climate change
Authors: Li Ang , Gao Lei , Chen Shi , Zhao Jinling , Ujiyad Saqirilatu , Huang Jianhui , Han Xingguo , Bryan Brett A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Financial inclusion is a key policy for achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals worldwide. However, emerging evidence has challenged the universal effectiveness of this policy. Combining a cross-sectional socio-economic and ecological survey with regional macro-economic and climatic data, we undertook an integrated causal analysis of the impact of financial inclusion policy on the Inner Mongolian herder social-ecological system. Exposure to economic globalization and climate change threatened herder livelihoods via increased feed costs and reduced livestock sales prices. Financial inclusion loans were beneficial for herders with large grassland plot size who used their traditional ecological knowledge to adapt via seasonal herd mobility. However, most herders were sedentary, constrained by small plot size, and used financial inclusion loans to reserve livestock and maintain high stocking densities. This strategy exposed them to inflated feed costs, increased their debt, and led to widespread grassland degradation. The results illustrate the limitations of financial inclusion policy in achieving sustainable development when people are trapped in poverty, subject to novel social-ecological contexts, and their ability to adapt is compromised. Transformative adaptations based on community cooperation, traditional knowledge and institutions, complementary public policies, and technological innovation are crucial to support financial inclusion policy and enhance sustainable development.
Treatment Features of High-Color Natural Waters
Authors: Golovin V L , Popova T Y , Medved P V , Bezborodov S A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Based on studies conducted at the water treatment complexes in the Primorsky Territory, as well as by taking into account the global practice of water treatment, an analysis is undertaken on the dangerous consequences of preliminary chlorination during the bleaching of natural waters, as well as on the effect of chlorine-containing components on organic impurities contained in untreated water. The development features of the microbiome in wastewater treatment plants of unpredictable - including hazardous - species are also considered.
Optimization of mechanical properties of bioplastics with the addition of ZnO and glycerol plasticizer
Authors: Widhiantari I A , Hidayat A F , Setiawati D A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Bioplastics are an alternative to conventional plastics that have been used in society. The advantage of bioplastics is that they are easily degraded in nature because they come from easily renewable materials such as starch which comes from plants. However, biodegradable plastics have shortcomings in terms of tensile strength so that additional supporting materials are needed in their manufacture. Optimization using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) central composite design (CCD) in this study aims to obtain optimal mechanical properties (tensile strength). The independent variables used in this study include ZnO concentrations (3%, 6%, and 9%) and glycerol concentrations (2 ml, 5 ml, and 8 ml) as well as mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation in response. The optimum conditions were obtained at a concentration of ZnO 6.99% and glycerol 5.32 ml with a tensile strength value of 1.58456 MPa and 9.082201% elongation.
Peculiar growth of Pseudomonas sp. LS3K with the addition of untreated tannery wastewater
Authors: Fitriyanto N A , Nursyahbani W K , Prasetyo R A , Abidin M Z , Erwanto Y , Kurniawati N 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The fresh untreated tannery wastewater contains high organic and chemical pollutants. This study aims to determine the growth characters of Pseudomonas sp. LS3K in high polluted medium from fresh untreated tannery wastewater. The growth characterization was observed in the solid medium (containing 0;25;50;75 and 100% sterile tannery wastewater) and liquid medium that contained tannery wastewater at 0;25 and 50%). The growth of Pseudomonas sp. LS3K was determined by observing the colony in the agar medium, the optical density (OD600) of the liquid medium, and the cell viability. The growth of the bacteria Pseudomonas sp. LS3K could not be observed at both agar and liquid medium containing tannery wastewater ≥50%. The growth activity could be observed in the agar medium containing 25% tannery wastewater on the second day incubation time. The growth curve was also observed at a liquid medium containing tannery industrial liquid waste at a concentration of 25% during 36 hours of observation. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the Pseudomonas sp. LS3K had the potency adapted to live and grow at the medium that contaminated up to 25% fresh tannery wastewater. This strain could be a bioremediation agent of tannery wastewater.
Effect of extraction solvent on total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of Bulung Sangu (Gracilaria sp.) Seaweed
Authors: Sasadara M M V , Wirawan I G P 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Bulung sangu (Gracilaria sp.) is commonly consumed as vegetable in Bali. Bulung sangu as other red macroalgae (Rhodophyta) is a source of beneficial nutrient for health. In this study, water and various concentrations (50%, 75% and 100%) of methanol, ethanol, and acetone in water were used as solvent in extraction of bulung sangu. The antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content of crude extract of bulung sangu were investigated using various in vitro assay. The extract obtained by 75% of aqueous methanol produced higher extraction yield (27.390 ± 0.414 %). Highest total phenolic content was obtained by the using 100% of acetone (36.738 ± 1.062 mg galic acid equivalent/g ). The extract obtained by 100% of ethanol showed highest total flavonoid content (45.933 ± 0.563 mg quercetin equivalent/g). The same extract also exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity indicated by lowest half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) (13.603 ± 0.413 µg/ml) evaluated by using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity. This IC50 was lower than IC50 of ascorbic acid (18.593 ± 0.135 µg/ml). These results produce the suitable solvent in obtaining optimum phenolic and flavonoid content of bulung sangu. Likewise, the antioxidant activity results indicate that bulung sangu is useful in dietary application with a potential to reduce oxidative stress.
Smart solar powered hydroponics system using internet of things and fuzzy association rule mining
Authors: Wedashwara W , Jatmika A H , AZubaidi  , Arimbawa I W A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Hydroponics is an alternative to limited space agriculture by involving electrical energy for irrigating nutrients for plants. Apart from using an AC power source, hydroponics can also use a DC power source which makes it more portable and can be placed in a location far from the PLN(State Electricity Company) electricity source. DC power sources also have the potential to be supplied by renewable energy sources such as solar power directly without AC / DC conversion. However, solar energy sources have a weakness in the influence of the weather. The study proposes the implementation of the Internet of Things (IoT) to classify the condition of energy sources in its implementation of solar energy powered hydroponics system. The research involves the development of IoT devices to collect energy data generated by solar cells and stored in batteries and environmental conditions, namely light intensity, temperature, and humidity. The proposed IoT system classifies conditions based on the remaining energy in the battery and current weather conditions using the Fuzzy Association Rule Mining (FARM) algorithm. The system also considers the remaining hours of the day, because at night solar energy cannot be produced. The simulation result shows the developed solar-powered hydroponics system capable to keep supplying energy for 24 hours with three 10wp solar cells and a 7Ah battery for the deep flow technique hydroponics with the 24 pot with 1-meter stand and 20watt water pumps. The IoT system capable to collect data and the proposed regression algorithm FARM is capable to do the regression with low error rates (0.06 mean absolute error and 0.24 mean square error) with three days of data. The FARM also capable to extract environmental data that affect the energy generation and usage with a high average of supports (0.29) and confidence (0.32).
Potential of ashitaba leaf (Angelica keiskei) as a phytobiotic source in feed on cholesterol and blood triglyceride levels of broiler chicken
Authors: Oktaviana D , Windhary G A E , Mashur  , Supriadi  , Kholik  
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Ashitaba leaf is a multi-functional plant because it is rich in vitamins, minerals, amino acids, mineral elements, and many active substances, this herbal plant also contains antioxidants, and has the potential to be a food supplement so that it can increase blood production which is closely related to chicken growth. One source or material that has the potential as a source of probiotics is Ashitaba leaf flour. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of Ashitaba Leaf flour as a psychobiotic source in feed against blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels in broiler chickens.25 day old unsex broiler chickens produced by PT. MalindoTbk maintained for 35 days in individual cages measuring 40 x 40 cm. The treatment begins by adding Ashitaba leaf flour in basal feed with different levels, namely; P0 (0% Ashitaba leaf flour + 98% Basal feed + 2% filler); P1 (0.5% Ashitaba leaf flour + 98% Basal feed + 1.5% filler); P2 (1% Ashitaba leaf flour + 98% Basal feed + 1% filler); P3 (1.5% Ashitaba leaf flour + 98% Basal feed + 0.5% filler) and P4 (2% Ashitaba leaf flour + 98% Basal feed + 0% filler).The design used was a complete randomized block design with 5 treatments and 5 replications. The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance and if there were significant differences it would be further tested by the Duncan Distance Test. The results showed that the administration of Ashitaba Leaf Flour up to 2% level had no significant effect (P> 0.05) on cholesterol and blood triglyceride levels of broiler chickens aged 5 weeks. There tends to be a decrease in the value of cholesterol numbers from P0 to P2.