bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile Solvent Mixing Strategy for Extracting Highly Enriched (6,5)Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Improved Yield
Authors: Zhu Haibiao , Hong Liu , Tanaka Hirofumi , Ma Xiaoming , Yang Cheng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Selective sorting of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) of single chirality is critical for constructing electronic nanodevices with high performance. Nevertheless, trade-off between yield and chirality purity often exists in conventional SWNTs sorting processes. To solve this problem, we present an extremely facile method for enriching SWNTs with both high yield and high chiral selectivity. Simply by using a solvent mixed with toluene and chlorobenzene at certain volume ratio, the sorting yield of (6,5)SWNTs was largely enhanced via polymer extraction, while the chirality purity of sorted SWNTs could be kept high as well. We further proved that the sorting efficiency would not be lowered even after multiple extractions, while the chirality selectivity of the obtained SWNTs was dependent on exact ratio between the two solvents. Solvent polarity-controlled polymer (or solvent molecule)-SWNTs interaction was believed responsible for our results, which was later successfully testified by molecular dynamics simulations. Our proposed strategy will simplify the selecting process of single chiral SWNTs and benefit the optimization of SWNTs-integrated devices in near future.
Homogeneous Helical Nanofibers of 12-Hydroxystearic Acid and Long-chain Amidoamine Derivatives Prepared by Tuning the Gelation Solvent
Authors: Minakawa Muneharu , Nakagawa Makoto , Wang Ke-Hsuan , Imura Yoshiro , Kawai Takeshi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We previously showed that the hybridization of water-insoluble 12-hydroxystearic acid (HSA) with water-soluble long-chain amidoamine derivatives yields hydrogels composed of self-assembled helical nanofibers. In this work, we investigated the effect of introducing an amide group into the alkyl chain of amidoamine derivatives on the helical structure of the nanofibers. We also demonstrated that improving the solubility of HSA by changing the gelation solvent is a very effective method for preparing homogeneous nanofibers composed of two compounds.
Strain-release Difunctionalization of C–C σ- and π-bonds of an Organoboron Ate-complex through 1,2-Metallate Rearrangement
Authors: Mizoguchi Haruki , Sakakura Akira 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This highlight review describes the recent development of an electrophile-triggered 1,2-metallate rearrangement of organoboronic ester ate-complex, which proceeds through 1,2-difunctionalization of carbon–carbon σ- and π-bonds, using strain energy as a driving force. Coupling reactions of small ring carbocyclic boronic esters, such as cyclopropyl-, bicyclo[1.1.0]butyl-, and cyclopropenyl-boronic ester, are summarized along with the proposed reaction mechanisms and representative examples.
o2geosocial: Reconstructing who-infected-whom from routinely collected surveillance data
Authors: Robert Alexis , Funk Sebastian , Kucharski Adam J 
Published: January 2021

Reconstructing the history of individual transmission events between cases is key to understanding what factors facilitate the spread of an infectious disease. Since conducting extended contact-tracing investigations can be logistically challenging and costly, statistical inference methods have been developed to reconstruct transmission trees from onset dates and genetic sequences. However, these methods are not as effective if the mutation rate of the virus is very slow, or if sequencing data is sparse.We developed the packageo2geosocialto combine variables from routinely collected surveillance data with a simple transmission process model. The model reconstructs transmission trees when full genetic sequences are not available, or uninformative. Our model incorporates the reported age-group, onset date, location and genotype of infected cases to infer probabilistic transmission trees. The package also includes functions to summarise and visualise the inferred cluster size distribution.The results generated byo2geosocialcan highlight regions where importations repeatedly caused large outbreaks, which may indicate a higher regional susceptibility to infections. It can also be used to generate the individual number of secondary transmissions, and show the features associated with individuals involved in high transmission events.The package is available for download from the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN) and GitHub.
Justifying Mean-Variance Portfolio Selection when Asset Returns Are Skewed
Authors: Schuhmacher Frank , Kohrs Hendrik , Auer Benjamin R. 
Published: January 2021

We show that, in the presence of a risk-free asset, the return distribution of every portfolio is determined by its mean and variance if and only if asset returns follow a specific skew-elliptical distribution. Thus, contrary to common belief among academics and practitioners, skewed returns do not allow a rejection of mean-variance analysis. Our work differs from Chamberlain's [Chamberlain G (1983) A characterization of the distributions that imply mean-variance utility functions. J. Econom. Theory 29(1):185–201.] by focusing on the returns of portfolios, where the weights over the risk-free asset and the risky assets sum to unity. Furthermore, it extends Meyer's [Meyer J, Rasche RH (1992) Sufficient conditions for expected utility to imply mean-standard deviation rankings: Empirical evidence concerning the location and scale condition. Econom. J. (London) 102(410):91–106.] by introducing elliptical noise into their generalized location-scale framework. To emphasize the relevance of our skew-elliptical model, we additionally provide empirical evidence that it cannot be rejected for the returns of typical portfolios of common stocks or popular alternative investments.This paper was accepted by Kay Giesecke, finance.
Entre agulhas e linhas: a metáfora de corte-e-costura em construções transitivas
Authors: Ferrari Lilian , Soares Caroline 
Published: January 2021

Este artigo investiga a Metáfora de Corte-e-Costura no Português Brasileiro, que constitui, tal como a Metáfora do Conduto (REDDY, 1979), um dos mapeamentos metafóricos disponíveis para a referência à comunicação verbal. A partir de dados de uso retirados do Twitter, argumenta-se que a metáfora COMUNICAÇÃO VERBAL É ATIVIDADE DE CORTE-E-COSTURA é normalmente aplicada à construção transitiva, engendrando duas extensões metafóricas: a extensão transitiva prototípica, instanciada pelos verbos alfinetar e tesourar, e a extensão transitiva resultativa, instanciada pelos verbos alinhavar, costurar, tecer, tricotar. Com o objetivo de investigar a produtividade da metáfora de corte-e-costura, a análise enfoca a frequência de sentidos literais e metafóricos para cada grupo de construções. Os resultados indicam que as extensões metafóricas prototípicas instanciadas por alfinetar e tesourar são mais frequentes que suas contrapartes literais. Já as extensões metafóricas resultativas dividem-se em dois grupos: aquelas instanciadas por costurar e tricotar predominam em usos literais, já aquelas instanciadas por alinhavar e tecer ocorrem predominantemente em usos metafóricos.
Feasibility and performance of the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) for average-risk colorectal cancer screening in Nigeria
Authors: Knapp Gregory C. , Alatise Olusegun , Olopade Bolatito , Samson Marguerite , Olasehinde Olalekan , Wuraola Funmilola , Odujoko Oluwole O. , Komolafe Akinwunmi O. , Arije Olujide O. , Castle Philip E. , Smith J. Joshua , Weiser Martin R. , Kingham T. Peter 
Published: January 2021

Introduction
There is a paucity of prospective data on the performance of the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this exploratory analysis was to evaluate the feasibility and performance of FIT in Nigeria.

Methods
This was a prospective, single-arm study. A convenience sample of asymptomatic, average-risk individuals between 40–75 years of age were enrolled at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital. Study participants returned in 48 hours with a specimen for ova and parasite (O&P) and qualitative FIT (50ug/g) testing. Participants with a positive FIT had follow-up colonoscopy and those with intestinal parasites were provided treatment.

Results
Between May-June 2019, 379 individuals enrolled with a median age of 51 years (IQR 46–58). In total, 87.6% (n = 332) returned for FIT testing. FIT positivity was 20.5% (95% CI = 16.3%-25.2%). Sixty-one (89.7%) of participants with a positive FIT had a follow-up colonoscopy (n = 61), of whom 9.8% (95%CI:3.7–20.2%) had an adenoma and 4.9% (95%CI:1.0–13.7%) had advanced adenomas. Presence of intestinal parasites was inversely related to FIT positivity (6.5% with vs. 21.1% without parasites, p = 0.05). Eighty-two percent of participants found the FIT easy to use and 100% would recommend the test to eligible family or friends if available.

Conclusions
Asymptomatic, FIT-based CRC screening was feasible and well tolerated in this exploratory analysis. However, the high FIT positivity and low positive predictive value for advanced neoplasia raises concerns about its practicality and cost effectiveness in a low-resource setting such as Nigeria.
Costs of continuing RTS,S/ASO1E malaria vaccination in the three malaria vaccine pilot implementation countries
Authors: Baral Ranju , Levin Ann , Odero Chris , Pecenka Clint , Tabu Collins , Mwendo Evans , Bonsu George , Bawa John , Dadzie John Frederick , Charo Joyce , Antwi-Agyei Kwadwo Odei , Amponsa-Achianou Kwame , Jalango Rose Eddah , Mkisi Rouden , Gordon Scott , Mzengeza Temwa , Morgan Winthrop , Muhib Farzana 
Published: January 2021

Background
The RTS,S/ASO1E malaria vaccine is being piloted in three countries—Ghana, Kenya, and Malawi—as part of a coordinated evaluation led by the World Health Organization, with support from global partners. This study estimates the costs of continuing malaria vaccination upon completion of the pilot evaluation to inform decision-making and planning around potential further use of the vaccine in pilot areas.

Methods
We used an activity-based costing approach to estimate the incremental costs of continuing to deliver four doses of RTS,S/ASO1E through the existing Expanded Program on Immunization platform, from each government’s perspective. The RTS,S/ASO1E pilot introduction plans were reviewed and adapted to identify activities for costing. Key informant interviews with representatives from Ministries of Health (MOH) were conducted to inform the activities, resource requirements, and assumptions that, in turn, inform the analysis. Both financial and economic costs per dose, cost of delivery per dose, and cost per fully vaccinated child (FVC) are estimated and reported in 2017 USD units.

Results
At a vaccine price of $5 per dose and assuming the vaccine is donor-funded, our estimated incremental financial costs range from $1.70 (Kenya) to $2.44 (Malawi) per dose, $0.23 (Malawi) to $0.71 (Kenya) per dose delivered (excluding procurement add-on costs), and $11.50 (Ghana) to $13.69 (Malawi) per FVC. Estimates of economic costs per dose are between three and five times higher than financial costs. Variations in activities used for costing, procurement add-on costs, unit costs of per diems, and allowances contributed to differences in cost estimates across countries.

Conclusion
Cost estimates in this analysis are meant to inform country decision-makers as they face the question of whether to continue malaria vaccination, should the intervention receive a positive recommendation for broader use. Additionally, important cost drivers for vaccine delivery are highlighted, some of which might be influenced by global and country-specific financing and existing procurement mechanisms. This analysis also adds to the evidence available on vaccine delivery costs for products delivered outside the standard immunization schedule.
Report on Seismic Damage of Lifts and Escalators by Large Earthquakes in Japan
Authors: Minagawa Keisuke 
Published: January 2021

The devastating earthquake of Mw9.0, so-called the Great East Japan Earthquake, hit the Tohoku district, north east part of Japan on March 11, 2011. About 16,000 people died and 2,500 people were missing by the strong motion and tsunami, and the economic damage was estimated about 16.9 trillion yen in addition to the influence by the nuclear accident of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. In addition to the main shock, many strong aftershocks occurred in the long term. After that, strong near-field earthquakes called the Kumamoto Earthquake and the North Osaka Earthquake occurred in 2016 and 2018. Many lifts and escalators were damaged in these earthquakes as well as building structures, industrial facilities and so on. Therefore, this paper reports seismic damage of lifts and escalators by large earthquakes in Japan. At first, changes of the Seismic Design Guideline in Japan are introduced. Then a summary of the damage regarding the lifts and escalators was provided in order to confirm effectiveness of Seismic Design Guideline and to contribute improvement of the seismic design for forthcoming destructive earthquakes. The damage is analysed from the viewpoint of causes, the edition of Seismic Design Guideline and so on. Although the many of the buildings were hit by massive earthquakes, the damage of the lifts and escalators to be designed according to the Seismic Design Guideline was suppressed to certain level, and the effectiveness of the Seismic Design Guideline was confirmed.
STRUCTURE AND SORPTION PROPERTIES OF ACTIVATED CARBON BASED ON PINE BARK CARBONIZATS
Authors: Veprikova Evgeniya Vladimirovna , Ivanov Ivan Petrovich 
Published: January 2021

The dates about effect of temperature of carbonizats obtaining from pine bark on evolution of a porous structure and sorption properties of the activated carbons, synthesized by the method of thermoalkaline activation in the presence of КОН were presented. It was determined, that for preparation of activated carbons with the greatest specific surface (1421 and 1655 m2/g) and micropores volume (0.58 и 0.71 sm3/g) pine bark carbonizats reasonable to obtain at temperature 300 and 400 °С correspondingly. The correlation of a iodine sorption with volume of micropores width 0.73–3.0 nm (R2=0.964) and a methylene blue sorption with volume of micropores width 0.84–2.0 nm (R2=0.995), which present in the activated carbons structure, was established. It was shown, that low capacity of the activated carbons to vitamin B12 sorption determine by low mesopores volume with width ≥5 nm (no more than 0.0014 sm3/g). It was shown, that the activated carbon based on carbonizat obtained at 400 °С demonstrates a maximal sorption capacity to a iodine and a methylene blue (1.57 g/g и 697.1 mg/g correspondingly), that in 1.4 and 2.7 times exceeds the dates of an industrial activated carbon for medical purposes.
Scruter le réel
Authors: Melay Alexandre 
Published: January 2021

Artiste-chercheur, mes recherches-créations interrogent les formes de modernité et les phénomènes de mutations spécifiques à l’ère de la globalisation et de l’Anthropocène. Des réalisations artistiques qui abordent les thématiques et les problématiques symptomatiques de notre époque contemporaine où se mêlent le réel et l’artificiel. Une œuvre hybride qui se manifeste dans une matérialité affirmée, mélangeant les techniques, les influences, les supports et les temps ; et où les frontières entre les disciplines s’amenuisent, relevant de dispositifs scientifiques, de référence à l’Histoire, alors que d’autres sont plus politiques.
L'inquiétude Chez Antoine de Saint Exupéry
Authors: Fermaud Jacques 
Published: January 2021

On se souvient de la visite que, dans Vol de Nuit, la femme de Fabien, pilote disparu, fait à Rivière, directeur de la Compagnie de Navigation aérienne:En face de Rivière se dressait, non la femme de Fabien, mais un autre sens de la vie. Rivière ne pouvait qu'écouter, que plaindre cette petite voix, ce chant tellement triste, mais ennemi. Car ni Faction, ni le bonheur individuel n'admettent le partage: ils sont en conflit. Cette femme . . . exigeait son bien et elle avait raison. Et lui aussi, Rivière, avait raison, mais il ne pouvait rien opposer a la vérité de cette femme. Il découvrait sa propre vérité, a la lumière d'une humble lampe domestique, inexprimable et inhumaine.
Milton's Influence on Wordsworth's Early Sonnets
Authors: McNulty John Bard 
Published: January 2021

In the Advertisement to the volume of his collected sonnets, published in 1838, Wordsworth wrote:My admiration of some of the Sonnets of Milton, first tempted me to write in that form. The fact is … mentioned … as a public acknowledgment of one of the innumerable obligations, which, as a Poet and a Man, I am under to our great fellow-countryman.
Deletion polymorphism of glutathione S-transferases genes (GSTT1, GSTM1) in patients with breast cancer in Primorye region
Authors: Gulyan I. S. , Bystritskaya E. P. , Chernysheva N. Yu. , Eliseeva E. V. , Apanasevich V. I. , Isaeva M. P. 
Published: January 2021

Background. Breast cancer (BC) refers to multifactorial polygenic diseases that occur as a result of the combined interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Glutathione-mediated detoxification is of key importance in ensuring the resistance of body cells to the damaging effect of xenobiotics.Objective: to study the prevalence of deletion polymorphisms of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes and to establish their influence on the formation of cancer risk in patients with BC in the Primorye region (Russia).Materials and methods. The study involved 176 women with BC, aged 23 to 79 years (mean age 48 ± 13 years) and 66 conditionally healthy individuals without cancer. The detection of deletion (null) genotypes of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 was carried out using multiplex PCR followed by analysis of the melting curves of the reaction products.Results. The frequency of GSTT1-0 genotype among BC patients was higher than in the control group (14.77 % versus 6.06 %), significantly exceeding the indicators in the control group by more than 2.5 times (p <0.1), indicating an association between the carriage of the GSTT1-0 genotype and the risk of developing BC. At the same time, the frequencies of the GSTM1-0 genotype in the study groups were comparable; no statistically significant association with the risk of developing BC was found.Conclusions. Homozygous deletion of GSTT1 (GSTT1-0) can potentially be considered as a low-penetrant risk factor for developing BC in the population of Primorye region.
Comparison of cosmetic results after treatment in women with breast cancer who received additional radiation to the tumor bed
Authors: Akulova I. A. , Novikov S. N. , Tseluyko A. I. , Chernaya A. V. , Bryantseva Zh. V. , Krivorotko P. V. , Kanaev S. V. 
Published: January 2021

Objective: to compare cosmetic result of two techniques of boost delivery to the tumor bed after breast concerving treatment.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the results of treatment of patients with stage IA–IIIA breast cancer from three groups was carried out: 1) 45 women received tumor bed boost with interstitial brachytherapy; 2) 48 women with electrons (energies from 6 to 18 MeV); 3) 59 women did not receive additional irradiation of the removed tumor bed. The analysis of the cosmetic results of treatment was carried out using subjective and objective methods using mammographic data, including information about the most common complications from the skin, subcutaneous fat and remaining breast tissue, such as telangiectasias, fibrosis, and fatty necrosis.Results. According to the results of self-assessment by patients and assessment by independent expert (oncologist), carried out on a 4-point Harvard scale, the cosmetic result in most cases was characterized as “excellent” or “good”. Frequency and grade of telangiectasia were used for objective evaluation of skin complications and were similar in all 3 groups. The incidence of localized fibrosis also did not differ and was most often observed as absent or moderate (grade 1–2). There were no significant differences between the severity and incidence of fatty necrosis on both physical examinations and when it was evaluated on mammography.Conclusions. additional irradiation of the tumor bed does not compromise cosmetic result of the treatment. In most cases (57–78 %) estimated as “good” and “excellent”. The cosmetic result of the treatment does not depend on the technology of boost delivery.
Molecular biological subtypes of breast cancer in BRCA1 mutation carriers
Authors: Pospekhova N. I. , Golovina D. A. , Filippova M. G. , Semyanikhina A. V. , Dranko S. L. , Danishevich A. M. , Stroganova A. M. 
Published: January 2021

Background. According to the literature, BRCA1-associated breast cancer (BC) most often belongs to the triple negative (TNBC) molecular subtype. The data on the contribution of other molecular subtypes to this group of patients differ among different studies.The study objective is to evaluate the frequency of different tumor molecular subtypes in BC patients with BRCA1 gene mutation treated in N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology in the period from 2017 to 2020.Materials and methods. The study included BC patients with a mutation in the BRCA1 gene (n = 209) identified as a result BRCA1 mutation screening of patients with BC. DNA diagnostics was carried out on blood samples of patients using the real-time polymerase chain reaction method. After analyzing the patients primary documentation clinical and morphological data were taken into account: the age of diagnosis, the stage of the disease, the results of immunohistochemical studies (estrogen receptor status, progesterone receptor status, HER2 expression, Ki-67 proliferation index). The assignment to the particular molecular tumour subtypes was performed according to estrogen receptor status, progesterone receptor status, HER2 status and Ki67 value.Results. Clinical and pathomorphological data of 209 patients with BRCA1-associated BC were analyzed. The age at diagnosis ranged from 23 to 72 years, the median age was 40 years, the mean age was 41.46 ± 9.82 years. BC associated with BRCA1 was found to be TNBC in 71.3 % and luminal B, HER2 negative (LumB–) in 19.1 % of the cases. Other tumour subtypes were much less common: luminal B, HER2 positive (LumB+) in 7.2 %, luminal A (LumA) in 1 % and HER2-positive (HER2+) in 1.4 % of the cases. The frequency of subtypes was estimated in different age groups (1st – patients 23–34 (n = 53), 2nd – 35–49 (n = 111), and 3rd – 50–72 (n = 45) years old). TNBC frequency was 81.1 % in the 1st group, 73.9 % in the 2nd and 53.4 % in the 3rd group; LumB– frequency was 15.1, 15.3 and 33.3 % respectively. Using the Fisher test it was shown that the differences in frequencies were statistically significant between groups 1st and 3 rd, as well as between groups 2 nd and 3 rd (p <0.05).Conclusion. TNBC was the main molecular subtype in all age groups of BC patients with BRCA1 germinal mutation, TNBC frequency was lower in the older age group. LumB– subtype was also common in BRCA1-associated tumors especially in older women.