bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic and Toxic Myelopathies
Authors: Parks Natalie Elizabeth 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article describes the clinical presentation, relevant diagnostic investigations, and treatment of metabolic and toxic myelopathies.

RECENT FINDINGS
Metabolic myelopathies, including those due to deficiency of vitamin B12, folate, copper, or vitamin E, are preventable and typically respond to supplementation. In metabolic myelopathy, early recognition and treatment are important to reduce morbidity, particularly due to subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord. Toxic myelopathies, including those due to medical interventions (eg, methotrexate, radiation), dietary toxins (eg, lathyrism, konzo), and drugs of abuse (eg, heroin), typically result in permanent neurologic deficits. Toxic myelopathy due to hepatic dysfunction may be reversible if patients receive early intervention, whereas nitrous oxide myelopathy responds to vitamin B12 replacement and cessation of exposure. In toxic myelopathy, it is best to avoid the provoking factor when possible or attempt to mitigate risk by identifying risk factors for developing myelopathy.

SUMMARY
Metabolic and toxic myelopathies are important causes of morbidity that require a high index of suspicion for diagnosis.
Risk factors for depression. New evidence on selenium deficiency and depressive disorders
Authors: Czaderny Krzysztof 
Published: January 2021

Cel pracyCelem artykułu jest weryfikacja hipotezy o związku niedoborów selenu z zaburzeniami depresyjnymi przy kontroli zmiennych ubocznych i zakłócających. Na podstawie danych empirycznych porównane zostanie znaczenie niedoborów selenu z innymi czynnikami ryzyka, przy czym nie tylko tymi związanymi z żywieniem.MetodaModel równań strukturalnych oszacowano przy zastosowaniu estymatora diagonalnie ważonych najmniejszych kwadratów ze skorygowaną statystyką testową chi-kwadrat (WLSMV). Obliczono wielkość dziennego spożycia selenu i innych składników odżywczych w celu oceny ich ew. związku z subiektywną oceną występowania zaburzeń depresyjnych. Oddziaływanie wzorów żywieniowych oszacowano przy uwzględnieniu w modelu: chorób chronicznych, problemów życiowych, poziomu bólu, aktywności fizycznej oraz dochodów. Analiza została przeprowadzona na próbie 9 354 mężczyzn i kobiet w wieku 45–65 z badania PONS.WynikiWedług zaproponowanego modelu istotne jest oddziaływanie na zaburzenia depresyjne niskiego spożycia selenu (standaryzowane oddziaływanie całkowite: 0,133), wysokiego spożycia lipidów (0,102) oraz niskiego spożycia żelaza (0,065). Innych czynników żywieniowych nie cechuje istotny statystycznie związek z występowaniem zaburzeń depresyjnych w modelu (p>0,05). Pośród pozostałych czynników ryzyka problemy w życiu prywatnym (0,181), ból (0,179) oraz niskie dochody (0,178) wykazują najsilniejszy związek z występowaniem depresji. Ból pośredniczy mniejszości całkowitego oddziaływania chorobowości na depresję (0,140). Zaburzenia depresyjne wykazują również związek z trudnościami w pracy zawodowej (0,123) oraz niską aktywnością fizycznej (0,024).WnioskiWielkość spożycia selenu wykazuje najsilniejszy związek z występowaniem depresji pośród analizowanych czynników żywieniowych. Znaczenie zmiennych żywieniowych jest zarazem umiarkowane w porównaniu do pozostałych czynników ryzyka uwzględnionych w modelu. Przewlekły ból, niskie dochody i chorobowość są najważniejszymi korelatami występowania zaburzeń depresyjnych.
Development of monospecific polyclonal antibodies against hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Darniati Darniati , Setiyaningsih Surachmi , Agungpriyono Dewi Ratih , Handharyani Ekowati 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Darniati, Setiyaningsih S, Agungpriyono DR, Handharyani E. 2021. Development of monospecific polyclonal antibodies against hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae. Biodiversitas 22: 99-105. The aim of the research was to produce monospecific antibodies against Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype K1 and K2. Klebsiella pneumonia isolates were recovered from pneumonic lungs of Aceh cattle. The bacteria were identified by rpoB (RNA polymerase β subunit) PCR amplification specific for K. pneumoniae. The presence of capsule cluster gene magA and k2A was used to characterize capsular serotype K1 and K2, respectively. Antisera were produced using serial immunization of New Zealand White rabbits with K. pneumoniae serotypes K1 and K2. The presence of antibodies was determined by using immunodiffusion test and purification was performed by immunoaffinity purification method. K. pneumoniae antibodies began to appear on the 14th day after the first injection and progressively intensified after the 1st and 2nd booster. The cross-reactivity between the antigen was eliminated by absorbing the antisera with the opposite antigen and several serotypes of non-K1/K2. After purification, serum protein concentrations were substantially decreased from 58.48 µg/µL and 53.99 µg/µL to 2.38 µg / µL and 3.72 µg / µL for K1 and K2, respectively). The SDS-PAGE analysis showed two bands with molecular weight at 54 kDa and 25 kDa representing the heavy and light chains of immunoglobulin G, respectively. Purified polyclonal antiseras against K. pneumoniae serotypes K1 and K2 showed high affinity and specificity for homologous antigens in immunodiffusion and direct agglutination tests, and immunohistochemical staining.
Socio-ecological dimensions of agroforestry called kebun campuran in tropical karst ecosystem of West Java, Indonesia
Authors: PARIKESIT PARIKESIT , WITHANINGSIH SUSANTI , ROZI FAKHRUR 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Parikesit, Withaningsih S, Rozi F. 2021. Socio-ecological dimensions of agroforestry called kebun campuran in tropical karst ecosystem of West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 122-131. Traditional and modernized systems combining agricultural and forestry production systems-called agroforestry-was developed by humans under the influence of biophysical and social conditions which often result in heterogeneous landscape. The so-called kebun campuran (mixed gardens) is one of the agroforestry forms that can be encountered in the humid tropics of Indonesia. However, socio-ecological information of this man-made vegetation and its multidimensional functions in particular environmental settings like karst is still limited. This paper aims to elucidate socio-ecological dimensions of kebun campuran in karst ecosystem in Pangandaran District, West Java, Indonesia. A vegetation survey was carried out to reveal the bio-ecological dimensions of kebun campuran complemented with socio-economic questionnaires. The results show that kebun campuran played an important role for the owners as the majority of them gained economic benefits from this agroforest. More than 50% of the owners had their main income from kebun campuran, therefore, kebun campuran was considered a valuable family asset. Kebun campuran ownership put the owner in a higher social status, despite the fact that 80.9% of them had only elementary education background. Correlation analysis showed that there was a very significant correlation between the areas of kebun campuran, rice-field, and homegarden ownership. The analysis also indicated that the economic value of kebun campuran derived from its products increased as its area became larger. There were diverse products like timber, fruits, fuelwood and forages extracted from kebun campuran. Among economically important species were Albizia chinensis (silk tree), Cocos nucifera (coconuts), Manilkara zapota (sapodilla), Musa paradisiaca (banana). Despite its beneficial value, kebun campuran was not intensively managed. On the other hand, the structural vegetation pattern of kebun campuran was the result of various practices carried out by the owners through the processes of introduction, domestication, and selection of plant species. Maintaining kebun campuran in the coastal landscape of Pangandaran might ensure the future of karst ecosystem in this southern coastal area of West Java.
Richness and diversity of insect pollinators in various habitats around Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Koneri Roni , Nangoy Meis , WAKHID Wakhid 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Koneri R, Nangoy MJ, Wakhid. 2021. Richness and diversity of insect pollinators in various habitats around Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 288-297. The pollination of plants by insects is one of the most important and essential ecosystem services in natural and agricultural landscapes and Insect pollinators play an important role in this process. This is because they help to transfer pollen from the anther to the stigma, which leads to fertilization. This study aims to analyze the richness and diversity of insect pollinators in various habitats around the Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park, Toraut, North Sulawesi. It was carried out from June to August 2020 on three types of habitats around the National Park, namely forest edges, shrubs and agricultural land. For each habitat, four plots with a size of 50 m x 25 m were made with a distance of 100 m between them. The insect pollinator observation technique used was the scan sampling method. Furthermore, data analysis was carried out on abundance, richness index, diversity index, species evenness index, dominance index and the relationship between sampling locations and environmental factors. The results showed that there were 979 insect pollinators caught at the observation point, which consisted of 60 species from 16 families and 4 orders and the most common order was Hymenoptera with 31 species. The species which were found based on their relative abundance indicated that Nomia strigata was the most abundant followed by Nomia melanderi, Apis dorsata, Ropalidia fasciata and Amegilla zonata. Furthermore, the highest abundance of insect pollinators was found in shrub habitats, while the highest species richness and diversity were found at the forest edge. Therefore, it was concluded that different types of habitat affect the richness and diversity of insect pollinator species around the Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park. In addition, this proves that the forest area of Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park generally supports the abundance, richness, and diversity of insect pollinators, which were discovered in the surrounding habitats, namely shrubs and agricultural land.
Referenzielle Kohärenz: Diskrepanz zwischen Theorie und Vermittlung.
Authors: Averintseva-Klisch Maria , Bryant Doreen , Peschel Corinna 
Published: January 2021

Secondary school graduates are expected to write coherent texts for their respective occupations and other purposes later in life. Schooling should therefore prepare them adequately for this. It is thus paradoxical that textbooks for German provide pupils with very few explicit didactic instructions on how to write coherent texts. This applies in particular to referential coherence.
Our article aims to contribute to the appropriate teaching of referential coherence in its complexity. To this end, first, the functions and the actual forms of referential means are examined in detail, from which the requirements for classroom instruction are derived. Next, textbook excerpts are examined to see whether and to what extent they meet these requirements.
Our analysis shows that the way coherence is dealt with in textbooks is far from matching either linguistic or didactic demands. Very little attention is paid to form-function relationships. In some cases, tasks are even designed in such a manner that they lead pupils in the wrong direction and are thus counterproductive for the development of suitable writing or text skills.
Gefühlte Wirklichkeit.
Authors: Schröter Juliane 
Published: January 2021

The article proceeds on the assumption that new phrasemes are a specifically enlightening research object for studies at the intersection of phraseology, pragmatics and corpus linguistics. Following recent theoretical approaches in phraseology, phrasemes can be understood as fixed expressions with a communicative function that satisfies a socially shared communicative demand. As such, new phrasemes might potentially allow for new insights into the culture – i. e., roughly speaking, the larger social contexts – of their development and existence. To test this idea, the article presents a corpuspragmatic study of the German phraseme gefühlte ([...]) SUB,objektives‘ empirisches Phänomen, which has come into existence in the 1990s only, and attempts a cultural interpretation of the results. It concludes with a critical evaluation to what extend such a cultural analysis of a new phraseme seems feasible.
„Gesagt. Getan.“
Authors: Danler Paul 
Published: January 2021

An orator tries to turn his/her personal point of view into a generally accepted one using a variety of rhetorical means; one of which is argumentation. However, since the relationship between rhetoric and argumentation is somewhat controversial, I will first of all try to identify the role of argumentation within rhetoric. After that, I will briefly discuss the nature of a wide range of argumentation schemes. Arguments have been classified in different ways. One very convincing and effective way is that suggested by Kienpointner. I will present his typology, which will afterwards serve as basis for my empirical analysis of an important speech given by Hitler on February 1st, 1933. I have identified ten groups of argumentative structures in this speech, which will be discussed and illustrated by numerous examples.
My main concern of the analysis is the pragmatic aspect of the political speech. The key question is what changes for the audience after listening to that speech? The audience gets new information or maybe familiar information but from a new point of view, and this will have some influence on the audience’s future outlook.
Persuasionsstrategien in der Gesundheitskommunikation.
Authors: Magris Marella , Ross Dolores 
Published: January 2021

So far, linguistic and translational studies on medical communication have mostly foregrounded the referential function prevailing in texts of this domain. On the contrary, the relatively young discipline of health communication has been paying great attention to persuasive aspects, as shown by the fact that some definitions of the discipline itself and/or of its subject explicitly mention the influence on attitudes and behaviour as one of the goals. The present paper tries to bring these different perspectives closer to each other by adopting a content-based typology of persuasive strategies and applying it to a linguistic analysis in three languages, i. e. German, Italian and Dutch. The analysis has been carried out on a small corpus of vaccination brochures, as immunisation is currently one of the most debated topics of public health, and therefore an area where persuasion can play a far from secondary role. The comparison between the three languages will highlight some analogies, but also some differences which can be of relevance for translators and other language experts working in this field.
Doppelperfekt und Plusquamperfekt im Hoch- und Oberrheinalemannischen Südwestdeutschlands
Authors: Leonhard Jens 
Published: January 2021

In this paper I discuss the tenses Doppelperfekt and Plusquamperfekt in spoken High Alemannic and Upper-Rhine Alemannic in south-western Germany with a usage-based approach and a statistical evaluation. I show that both Doppelperfekt and Plusquamperfekt have a past perfect meaning, i. e. they refer to a point of time in the past placed before another point of time in the past. Furthermore, I account for a language change in the timespan from 1974 to 2013 in which the Plusquamperfekt becomes more frequent in relation to the Doppelperfekt. Additionally, I show that speakers use the Doppelperfekt in the old data with both auxiliaries (sein and haben), and in the new data only with the auxiliary haben. In contrast to this, the Plusquamperfekt is used in the old data only with the auxiliary sein, and in the new data with both auxiliaries sein and haben. These results could lead to the conclusion that the Doppelperfekt und Plusquamperfekt cannot exist simultaneously in an equivalent manner.
Tüen Sie au gern apéröle, käffele oder kungfule?
Authors: Madlener Karin , Weder Mirjam , Dettwiler Sophie 
Published: January 2021

How can we measure dialectal constructional productivity? Which factors determine degrees of productivity and the acceptability of creative ad hoc coinages in the domain of derivational processes? Based on data from a pilot survey (n=80), we discuss a range of factors influencing degrees of productivity/creativity for the denominal -(e)le-verb pattern (e. g., käffele, apéröle, ipödle, kungfule) in Swiss German dialects. This morphological pattern is currently highly productive, as indicated by substantial numbers of creative ad hoc coinages (oral and written evidence) as well as our participants’ acceptability judgements (for both isolated verbs and verbs in sentences) and their elicited productions (meaning paraphrases and sentence contexts for ad hoc coinages). We discuss different types of evidence for constructional productivity, based on quantitative and qualitative data. Our data indicates that schema-based frequency/familiarity effects and analogy-based pattern extension contribute to the pattern’s productivity. The fact that the verbs’ constructional contexts partly influence their acceptability indicates that the derivational pattern stretches beyond the traditional domain of morphology such that morphological, semantic, and syntactic patterns jointly determine degrees of constructional productivity.
Nicht-phonologisch konditionierter Wandel in der Kasusmorphologie isolierter germanischer Varietäten.
Authors: Baechler Raffaela , Pröll Simon 
Published: January 2021

This article deals with structure and change of the nominal case systems of two isolated Germanic varieties, Visperterminen Alemannic (Valais, Switzerland) and Övdalian (Älvdal, Sweden). As both varieties inherited and retained the full vocalism in unstressed syllables of their predecessors (Old High German and Old Swedish, respectively), they provide a suitable testing ground for the examination of processes of morphological change independently of phonological processes. By comparing the particular changes in nominal inflection we analyse syncretisms, inflectional reductions and (purely morphological) strategies for compensating syncretisms in both varieties.
Despite different trajectories of case loss, both varieties yield strikingly parallel results in terms of compensation at the level of the noun phrase. The modern noun system displays nominative-accusative syncretism in the singular (minor exceptions in Övdalian) and plural, as well as nominative/accusative-dative syncretism in the singular (minor exceptions in both varieties), caused by one of two factors: We can observe that a new, non-phonologically conditioned collapse and reorganisation of inflection developed, but there is also inherited syncretism, dating back to the Middle Ages. Meanwhile, at the level of the full noun phrase (i. e. including the article and the adjective), the dative is still clearly marked as an oblique case, whereas nominative and accusative syncretise.
The diachronic comparison of these two isolated varieties with their historical precursors shows that these changes in the respective case systems – towards a ± dative system – are to be regarded as a process that is largely internal to morphology, as it is neither a side effect of phonological change nor the result of contact.
Grenzüberschreitende Identitäten im badischen Oberrheingebiet: Unterschiede in der Konstruktion sprachlicher und regionaler Verbundenheit mit dem Elsass
Authors: Pfeiffer Martin 
Published: January 2021

Based on a qualitative analysis of 127 sociolinguistic interviews with speakers of Alemannic from 22 villages and towns along the Franco-German border at the Upper Rhine in Baden (Germany), this contribution investigates the construction of trans-border identities. The paper explores how Badeners perceive the relationship with Alsace (France) with regard to three thematic fields: 1) regional ties with Alsace, 2) language choice in communication across the border, and 3) comprehension of the Alsatian dialect.
Two factors are shown to play a major role for the construction of trans-border identities. First, identities vary between regions, which can be explained by historical differences, especially with respect to political circumstances. The closer the historical relationship between the respective region and Alsace, the stronger the trans-border identity. Second, there is an influence of the geographical distance to the border. The closer a village is located to the border (the Rhine), the stronger the (self- and other-)ascription of linguistic and regional ties to Alsace.
Furthermore, analysis reveals a correlation between the perception of regional ties to Alsace and language choice in trans-border communication: Persons who construct a shared regional cohesiveness across the border tend to use the Alemannic dialect when interacting with Alsatians, whereas persons who do not perceive such a cohesiveness mainly use Standard German or French.
THE DEFINITION OF THE SUNNAH ACCORDING TO ISMAILISM: A CRITICAL READING
Authors: Mahmoud Ramy 
Published: January 2021

This research discusses the understanding of the sunnah according to Ismailism. The understanding of the Sunnah has been dominated by the definition of sunnah according to Sunni, the characteristic of Sunni in understanding the concept of sunnah by using Sunnah as a source of Islamic law and also giving more attention to the ahl bayt and also to the Sahaba. This notion is different from Shi’ah’s thought that only believes in ahl bayt, regardless of Sahaba. The difference between the two groups in seeing the degree of Sahaba makes the deferent of sunnah among them. By researching some of the of Ismailism’s thought in the definition of sunnah, this study is expected to contribute ideas related to Ismailism's method in understanding the sunnah, and in judging the authenticity of sunnah, and to analyze the consistency of application to the sunnah according to Ismailism. This research shows that Ismailism followed esoteric approach to understand the concept of sunnah. This approach causes the sunnah position is not prioritized in the scientific structure of Ismailism. The reason for the small concern in Ismailism’s thought towards the Sunnah is basically started from their understanding about the verses of the Holy Qur'an, and their esoteric interpretation corresponds to the pillars of Ismailism. Keywords: Ismailism, Sunnah, Sunni, Shi’a, Critical Reading