bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunological profile of neonatal osteomyelitis cases
Authors: Sako Ikumi , Iijima Hiroyuki , Matsui Toshihiro , Shoji Kensuke , Ishikawa Takashi , Ishiguro Akira 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOsteomyelitis in childhood is often hematogenous and neonates are generally prone to bacteremia because of immature immunity. Neonatal osteomyelitis occurs even in the absence of apparent immunological or perinatal abnormalities.
A case of obstructive jaundice without biliary stones in a low resource setting
Authors: Weledji Elroy Patrick , Ndono Dominique Ngono , Zouna Frank 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlthough not common, Mirizzi's syndrome (type 1) is a differential diagnosis in a patient with cholecystitis and obstructive jaundice, after a thorough clinical assessment. The jaundice would be resolved by cholecystectomy.
Fabrication of h‐BN/SiO2 Nanofibers Showing High Olefins Productivity in Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane
Authors: Ding Ding , Yan Bing , Wang Yang , Lu An‐Hui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFibrous nanomaterials have drawn considerable attention in the field of catalysis due to the promoted utilization of the surface and facilitated mass transfer process. In this study, we prepared one‐dimensional nanofiber catalysts consisting of hexagonal boron nitride/silica oxide (h‐BN/SiO2) via electrospinning method. The key is to prepare uniform sols consisting of exfoliated h‐BN. The diameters of the nanofiber catalysts can be tuned in the range of 150–300 nm through h‐BN loading change. When used in oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (ODHP), the obtained nanofibrous catalysts exhibited a 12.4 % conversion of propane and 85.1 % selectivity towards propylene, with remarkable olefins productivity of 24.9 golefins ⋅ gBN−1 ⋅ h−1, which is more than 5 times higher than that of bulk ODHP catalysts reported to date. This study shines light on the specific one‐dimensional fibrous structure containing dispersed h‐BN as well as a new strategy of preparing more efficient boron‐based catalysts in the ODHP process.
Preparation of (R)‐3‐aminopiperidine by resolution with optically active cyclic phosphoric acids
Authors: Sun Yujuan , Hu Beibei , Jing Yongshuai , Wu Jialiang , Zhou Maochao , Chen Meng , Hao Feifei , Zhang Chen , Sun Fengxia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract(R)‐3‐aminopiperidine ((R)‐APD), a key intermediate for alogliptin, trelagliptin, and linagliptin, was successfully resolved from racemic 3‐aminopiperidine with an enantiomerically pure resolving agent, namely, (R)‐4‐(2‐chlohydroxy‐1.3.2‐dioxaphosphorinane 2‐oxide ((R)‐CPA), via diastereomeric salt formation. By this resolution approach, (R)‐3‐aminopiperidine was obtained in 99.5% yield with 99.6%e.e.
Model‐based multi‐objective particle swarm production optimization for efficient injection/production planning to improve reservoir recovery
Authors: Farahi Mohammad M. M. , Ahmadi Mohammad , Dabir Bahram 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study employs an adjusted version of the multi‐objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm to plan an optimized reservoir's injection/production strategy. Three case studies, including two water‐flooding benchmark models and one gas‐condensate problem, are exercised as subjected problems to validate the MOPSO approach. The contradicting values of objectives, long‐term net present value (LNPV) versus short‐term net present value (SNPV), are obtained so that relying on a Pareto front improves decision‐making. In one water‐flooded case, inflow control valves of smart wells are considered to be adjusted within the optimization, while in the second case, the optimized well injection rates are control variables. The obtained results for water‐flooded reservoirs are shown to optimize the competitive objective functions more than the previous efforts in the literature. Moreover, 10 different permeability maps of the second case are implemented to obtain the optimum injection rates to perform optimization under uncertainty. The MOPSO robustly optimized the production/injection strategy in the presence of model uncertainty. In the gas‐condensate problem, the optimal gas injection rate in the SPE‐3 benchmark model is determined. The gas‐condensate case's outputs yield a decreased oil saturation result in the reservoir compared to non‐optimized production scenarios. Results illustrate that for all cases, MOPSO can provide optimal injection/production scenarios. Therefore, the proposed scheme gives the advantage of deciding between the set of results into a decision‐maker to optimize the production program by trading‐off within different strategies. Besides the Pareto fronts with adequate variety and steadiness, a great converging rate is the main advantage of this method.
Creating digital learning environments without programming knowledge
Authors: Müller Laurence , Müller Stefan , Reiners Christiane S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn Zeiten von Distanzunterricht wünschen sich viele Chemielehrende mehr Möglichkeiten, um Lernenden chemisches Fachwissen digital und differenziert vermitteln zu können. Um diesen Lehrenden neue Anregungen zu bieten, werden im Beitrag Möglichkeiten vorgestellt, wie sich mit einfachen Mitteln und ohne Programmierkenntnisse digitale Lernwelten zu chemischen Fachinhalten entwickeln und erproben lassen. So können mit wenigen Klicks PowerPoint‐Präsentationen in „Point‐and‐Click“‐Lernumgebungen für den Chemieunterricht umgewandelt werden. Die erläuterten Funktionen wurden im Rahmen des Projektes „e‐lement“ von Lehramtsstudierenden der Universität zu Köln im schulischen Kontext mit Lernenden erprobt und evaluiert.
Reflections on digitality using the example of internet phenomenon challenges in the chemistry teacher training
Authors: Werthmüller Julia , Prechtl Markus 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChallenges rufen im Internet Resonanz hervor. Die teils gesundheitsgefährdenden Aktionen werden in sozialen Medien verbreitet. Da sie Bestandteil des Alltags von Jugendlichen sind, betreffen sie schulische Kontexte. Folglich sollte das Thema im Lehramt Chemie mit einer Schwerpunktsetzung auf Digitalität reflektiert werden.
Prognostic implications of calculated Apo‐lipoprotein B in patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: Outcome is tied to lower cut‐points
Authors: Ghodsi Saeed , Mohebi Mehrnaz , Sadre‐Bafghi Seyed‐Ali , Poorhosseini Hamidreza , Salarifar Mojtaba , Alidoosti Mohammad , Haji‐Zeinali Ali‐Mohammad , Amirzadegan Alireza , Aghajani Hassan , Jenab Yaser , Hosseini Zahra 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundDebates still surround using lipoproteins including Apo‐B in risk assessment, management, and prognosis of patients with coronary artery disease. During an acute ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction, Apo‐B might help to achieve incremental prognostic information.ObjectiveWe sought to determine the potential prognostic utility of calculated Apo‐B in a cohort of patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted enrolling 2,259 patients with a diagnosis of acute STEMI who underwent primary PCI. Apo‐B was obtained using a valid equation based on initial lipid measurements. High Apo‐B was defined as a level of 65 or higher. Primary endpoint of the study was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).ResultsMean age of the participants was 59.54 years and 77.9% of them were male. After a Median follow up of 15 (6.2) months, high Apo‐B was associated with MACE and the OR (95% CI) was 3.02 (1.07–8.47), p = .036. Odds ratios for prediction of MACE pertaining to LVEF, and smoking were 0.97 (p = .044), and 1.07 (p = .033), respectively. However, High Apo‐B was not able to predict suboptimal TIMI flow. Accordingly, the Odds ratio was 0.56 (0.17–1.87), p = 0.349. The power of High LDL‐C and Non‐HDLC for prediction of MACE were assessed in distinct models. Attained odds ratios were [2.40 (0.90–6.36), p = .077] and [1.80 (0.75–4.35), p = 0.191], respectively.ConclusionCalculated Apo‐B appears to be a simple tool applicable for prediction of cardiovascular events in patients with STEMI superior to both Non‐HDLC and LDL‐C.
Understanding the characteristics of US cancer survivors with informal caregivers
Authors: Borsky Amanda E. , Zuvekas Samuel H. , Kent Erin E. , de Moor Janet S. , Ngo‐Metzger Quyen , Soni Anita 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundAlthough informal caregivers such as family and friends provide people with cancer needed physical care and emotional support, little is known about which individuals have access to such caregivers. The purpose of this article is to provide a nationally representative description of the sociodemographic characteristics of cancer survivors who have or had an informal caregiver in the United States.MethodsCross‐sectional data were taken from the Experiences With Cancer Survivorship Supplement of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey in 2011, 2016, and 2017. People were cancer survivors from diagnosis until the end of life. The study population consisted of adult survivors of cancer other than nonmelanoma skin cancer who were treated for cancer less than 3 years before the survey and were living in the community (n = 720). The main outcome measure was whether or not the cancer survivor reported having an informal caregiver.ResultsIn the United States, 55.2% of cancer survivors reported having an informal caregiver during or after their cancer treatment. The relationship of the caregiver to the survivor varied by sex: males were more likely to have a spouse as their caregiver, and females were more likely to have a child as their caregiver. In multivariate analyses, cancer survivors who were female, were married, were of a race/ethnicity other than White, or were in poor health were more likely to have an informal caregiver.ConclusionsFuture research can examine whether those without informal caregivers might need more formal support as they undergo cancer treatment and transition into cancer survivorship.
Electronic symptom monitoring in pediatric patients hospitalized for chemotherapy
Authors: Leahy Allison Barz , Schwartz Lisa A. , Li Yimei , Reeve Bryce B. , Bekelman Justin E. , Aplenc Richard , Basch Ethan M. 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundUsing patient‐reported outcomes for symptom monitoring in oncology has resulted in significant benefits for adult patients with cancer. The feasibility of this approach has not been established in the routine care of children with cancer.MethodsThe Pediatric Patient‐Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (Ped‐PRO‐CTCAE) is an item library that enables children and caregivers to self‐report symptoms. Ten symptom items from the Ped‐PRO‐CTCAE were uploaded to an online platform. Patients at least 7 years old and their caregivers were prompted by text/email message to electronically self‐report daily during a planned hospitalization for chemotherapy administration. Symptom reports were emailed to the clinical team caring for the patient, but no instructions were given regarding the use of this information. Rates of patient participation and clinician responses to reports were systematically tracked.ResultsThe median age of the participating patients (n = 52) was 11 years (range, 7‐18 years). All patients and caregivers completed an initial login, with 92% of dyads completing at least 1 additional symptom assessment during hospitalization (median, 3 assessments; range, 0‐40). Eighty‐one percent of participating dyads submitted symptom reports on at least half of hospital days, and 54% submitted reports on all hospital days. Clinical actions were taken in response to symptom reports 21% of the time. Most patients felt that the system was easy (73%) and important (79%). Most clinicians found symptom reports easy to understand and useful (97%).ConclusionsSymptom monitoring using patient‐reported outcome measures for hospitalized pediatric oncology patients is feasible and generates data valued by clinicians and patients.
Efficient computation of positional population counts using SIMD instructions
Authors: Klarqvist Marcus D. R. , Muła Wojciech , Lemire Daniel 
Published: May 2021

SummaryIn several fields such as statistics, machine learning, and bioinformatics, categorical variables are frequently represented as one‐hot encoded vectors. For example, given eight distinct values, we map each value to a byte where only a single bit has been set. We are motivated to quickly compute statistics over such encodings. Given a stream of k‐bit words, we seek to compute k distinct sums corresponding to bit values at indexes 0, 1, 2, …, k − 1. If the k‐bit words are one‐hot encoded then the sums correspond to a frequency histogram. This multiple‐sum problem is a generalization of the population‐count problem where we seek the sum of all bit values. Accordingly, we refer to the multiple‐sum problem as a positional population‐count. Using SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple Data) instructions from recent Intel processors, we describe algorithms for computing the 16‐bit position population count using less than half of a CPU cycle per 16‐bit word. Our best approach uses up to 400 times fewer instructions and is up to 50 times faster than baseline code using only regular (non‐SIMD) instructions, for sufficiently large inputs.
Protecting Plant Stands: Peanut Industry Moves Quickly to Address Emerging Disease Threat
Authors: Brenneman Tim 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUniform stands of 4 plants/ft are recommended for runner peanuts to obtain maximum yield and manage stand‐sensitive diseases such as tomato spotted wilt virus that can cause serious crop loss. Numerous seed‐ and soil‐borne diseases can threaten stands if not controlled. With increasing heat and drought stress, such as experienced in 2019, Aspergillus is of particular concern. Seed treatment fungicides are the first line of defense, but the unexpected development of resistance to a key fungicide class (QoIs) just prior to planting in 2020 caused the industry to rapidly alter its standard programs. Another major industry change is a shift from dust formulations to a liquid polymer delivery system. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Integrated Pest Management by reading the article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/980.
COMMD10 inhibits tumor progression and induces apoptosis by blocking NF‐κB signal and values up BCLC staging in predicting overall survival in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yang Mi , Wu Xixi , Li Lu , Li Shaoqun , Li Nan , Mao Mengyuan , Pan Suming , Du Richang , Wang Xiaoqing , Chen Min , Xiao Nanjie , Zhu Xiaohui , He Guoyang , Zhang Longshan , Huang Weiqiang , Pan Hua , Deng Lan , Chen Longhua , Liang Li , Guan Jian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Currently, there is limited knowledge of dysregulation of cellular proliferation and apoptosis that contribute to the malignant phenotype in HCC. Copper metabolism gene MURR1 domain 10 (COMMD10) is initially identified as a suppressor gene in the pathogenesis of HCC in our observations. Here we aimed to explore its function and prognostic value in the progression of HCC.MethodsFunctional experiments were performed to explore the role of COMMD10 in HCC. The molecular mechanisms of COMMD10 were determined by luciferase assay, immunofluorescence, and immunoprecipitation. The nomogram was based on a retrospective and multicenter study of 516 patients who were pathologically diagnosed with HCC from three Chinese hospitals. The predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomogram were determined by a C‐index and calibration curve and were compared with COMMD10 and the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS).ResultsCOMMD10 expression was significantly lower in HCC than that in normal liver tissues. In vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that COMMD10 suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in HCC. Mechanistically, COMMD10 inhibits TNFα mediated ubiquitination of IκBα and p65 nuclear translocation through the combination of COMMD10‐N terminal to the Rel homology domain of p65, which inhibited NF‐κB activity and increased expression of cleaved caspase9/3 in HCC. Clinically, COMMD10 stratifies early‐stage HCC patients into two risk groups with significantly different OS. Additionally, the nomogram based on COMMD10 and BCLC stage yielded more accuracy than BCLC stage alone for predicting OS of HCC patients in three cohorts.ConclusionsCOMMD10 suppresses proliferation and promotes apoptosis by inhibiting NF‐κB signaling and values up BCLC staging in predicting OS, which provides evidence for the identification of potential therapeutic targets and the accurate prediction of prognosis for patients with HCC.
Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry behavior of Girard's reagent T derivatives of oxosteroid intact phase II metabolites for doping control purposes
Authors: Kiousi Polyxeni , Fragkaki Argyro G. , Kioukia‐Fougia Nassia , Angelis Yiannis S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntact phase II steroid metabolites have poor product ion mass spectra under collision‐induced dissociation (CID) conditions. Therefore, we present herein the liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–ESI–MS/(MS)) behavior of intact phase II metabolites of oxosteroids after derivatization. Based on the fact that Girard's reagent T (GRT), as derivatization reagent, was both convenient and efficient in terms of the enhancement in the ionization efficiency and the production of diagnostic product ions related to the steroid moiety, the latter was preferably selected between methoxamine and hydroxylamine upon the model compounds of androsterone glucuronide and androsterone sulfate. Sixteen different glucuronides and 29 sulfate conjugated metabolites of anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs), available either as pure reference materials or synthesized/extracted from administration studies, were derivatized with GRT, and their product ion spectra are presented. Product ion spectra include in all cases high number of product ions that in some cases are characteristic for certain structures of the steroid backbone. More specifically, preliminary results have shown major differences in fragmentation pattern for 17α/17β‐isomers of the sulfate conjugates, but limited differentiation for 17α/17β‐isomers of glucuronide conjugates and for 3α/3β‐ and 5α/5β‐stereoisomers of both sulfate and glucuronide conjugates. Further to the suggestion of the current work, application on mesterolone administration studies confirmed—according to the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) TD2015IDCR—the presence of seven intact phase II metabolites, one glucuronide and six sulfates with use of LC–ESI–MS/(MS).
Identifying “vital attributes” for assessing disturbance–recovery potential of seafloor communities
Authors: Gladstone‐Gallagher Rebecca V. , Hewitt Judi E. , Thrush Simon F. , Brustolin Marco C. , Villnäs Anna , Valanko Sebastian , Norkko Alf 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDespite a long history of disturbance–recovery research, we still lack a generalizable understanding of the attributes that drive community recovery potential in seafloor ecosystems. Marine soft‐sediment ecosystems encompass a range of heterogeneity from simple low‐diversity habitats with limited biogenic structure, to species‐rich systems with complex biogenic habitat structure. These differences in biological heterogeneity are a product of natural conditions and disturbance regimes. To search for unifying attributes, we explore whether a set of simple traits can characterize community disturbance–recovery potential using seafloor patch‐disturbance experiments conducted in two different soft‐sediment landscapes. The two landscapes represent two ends of a spectrum of landscape biotic heterogeneity in order to consider multi‐scale disturbance–recovery processes. We consider traits at different levels of biological organization, from the biological traits of individual species, to the traits of species at the landscape scale associated with their occurrence across the landscape and their ability to be dominant. We show that in a biotically heterogeneous landscape (Kawau Bay, New Zealand), seafloor community recovery is stochastic, there is high species turnover, and the landscape‐scale traits are good predictors of recovery. In contrast, in a biotically homogeneous landscape (Baltic Sea), the options for recovery are constrained, the recovery pathway is thus more deterministic and the scale of recovery traits important for determining recovery switches to the individual species biological traits within the disturbed patch. Our results imply that these simple, yet sophisticated, traits can be effectively used to characterize community recovery potential and highlight the role of landscapes in providing resilience to patch‐scale disturbances.
Microbial species performance responses to environmental changes: genomic traits and nutrient availability
Authors: Hu Ang , Ren Minglei , Wang Jianjun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHow microbial species performance indicators, such as growth rate and carbon assimilation rate, respond to environmental changes is a challenging question, especially for complex communities. This limits our ability to understand how species performance responses to environmental changes (that is, species environmental responses) of microbes could be linked to genomic traits and nutrient availability. Based on stable isotope labeling of DNA, we propose a new approach with effect‐size metrics to quantify the species environmental responses of microbes by comparing the species performance between defined control and treatment groups. The species performance within microbial communities of the natural or altered environments could be quantitatively determined with quantitative stable isotope probing (qSIP). We further apply this approach, namely effect‐size qSIP, to measure species environmental responses upon carbon and nitrogen additions for soil bacteria on mountainsides and to understand their responses from the perspective of genomic traits. Towards high elevations, there is a stronger nitrogen limitation that is indicated by the higher aggregated responses, measured as community‐weighted means, of bacterial growth rate upon nitrogen additions. The aggregated responses are further explained by genomic traits, which show higher percentages of significant Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) orthologues (KOs) and more diverse KEGG pathways under nutrient additions including nitrogen, and further improve the explanatory power of microbial environmental responses. Nitrogen‐induced responses at the species level show the strongest associations with essential KOs for rare species, whereas carbon‐induced responses show the strongest associations for dominant species. We conclude that, in addition to environmental determinants such as nitrogen limitation, genomic traits are extremely important for predicting microbial environmental responses at both the community and species levels. Taking advantage of this new approach at the species level, we reveal that rare and dominant species differentially respond to nutrient enrichment via their metabolic traits. The approach and findings can lead to a more holistic understanding of microbial environmental responses in natural habitats, which will be essential for predicting microbial community responses to global environmental changes.