bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
[18F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT uptake in metastatic lesions on PET/CT imaging might distinguish different pathological types of lung cancer
Authors: Wei Yuchun , Cheng Kai , Fu Zheng , Zheng Jinsong , Mu Zhengshuai , Zhao Chenglong , Liu Xiaoli , Wang Shijie , Yu Jinming , Yuan Shuanghu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Heterogeneity is found in the tumor microenvironment among different pathological types of tumors. Radionuclide-labeled fibroblast-activation-protein inhibitor (FAPI), as an important tracer for non-invasive imaging of the tumor microenvironment, can be used to evaluate the expression of FAP in cancer-associated fibroblasts, macrophages, and tumor cells. Our aim was to explore the ability of [18F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) to distinguish different types of lung cancer by evaluating the uptake of this tracer in primary and metastatic lesions.

Methods
We prospectively enrolled 61 patients with histopathologically proven primary lung cancer with metastases. PET/CT scanning was performed before any antitumor therapy and 1 h after injection of 235.10 ± 3.89 MBq of [18F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04. Maximum standard uptake values (SUVmax) were calculated for comparison among primary and metastatic lesions. Immunohistochemical staining for FAP was performed on tumor specimens.

Results
Sixty-one patients with adenocarcinoma (ADC, n = 30), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC, n = 17), and small cell lung cancer (SCLC, n = 14) were enrolled in this study, and 61 primary tumors and 199 metastases were evaluated. No difference in [18F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 uptake was observed among primary ADC, SCC, and SCLC tumors (P = 0.198). Additionally, no difference in uptake was found between primary and metastatic lesions of lung cancer with the same pathological type (P > 0.05). However, uptake did differ among metastases of differing pathological types (P < 0.001). The SUVmax of metastatic lymph nodes was highest for SCC, followed by ADC and then SCLC (P < 0.001). The SUVmax of bone metastases also was highest for SCC, followed by ADC and SCLC (P < 0.05), but no difference was observed between ADC and SCLC. The SUVmax of metastases in other organs was higher in SCC cases than in ADC cases but did not differ between SCC and SCLC or ADC and SCLC. Bone metastases exhibited higher uptake than those of lymph nodes and other organs in SCC and ADC (P < 0.05) but not in SCLC. Positive correlations were found between FAPI uptake and FAP expression in surgical plus biopsy specimens (r = 0.439, P = 0.012) and surgical specimens (r = 0.938, P = 0.005).

Conclusion
[18F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT imaging revealed differences in FAP expression in metastases of lung cancer, with the highest expression specifically in bone metastases, and thus, may be valuable for distinguishing different pathological types of lung cancer.
Haldane’s formula in Cannings models: the case of moderately strong selection
Authors: Boenkost Florin , González Casanova Adrián , Pokalyuk Cornelia , Wakolbinger Anton 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFor a class of Cannings models we prove Haldane’s formula, $$\pi (s_N) \sim \frac{2s_N}{\rho ^2}$$

π

(

s
N

)

∼

2

s
N

ρ
2

, for the fixation probability of a single beneficial mutant in the limit of large population size N and in the regime of moderately strong selection, i.e. for $$s_N \sim N^{-b}$$

s
N

∼

N

-
b

and $$0< b<1/2$$

0
<
b
<
1
/
2

. Here, $$s_N$$

s
N

is the selective advantage of an individual carrying the beneficial type, and $$\rho ^2$$

ρ
2

is the (asymptotic) offspring variance. Our assumptions on the reproduction mechanism allow for a coupling of the beneficial allele’s frequency process with slightly supercritical Galton–Watson processes in the early phase of fixation.
The role of resveratrol, Sirtuin1 and RXRα as prognostic markers in ovarian cancer
Authors: Chen Fangfang , Kolben Thomas , Meister Sarah , Czogalla Bastian , Kolben Theresa M. , Hester Anna , Burges Alexander , Trillsch Fabian , Schmoeckel Elisa , Mayr Doris , Mayerhofer Artur , Mahner Sven , Jeschke Udo , Beyer Susanne 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveOvarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic cancer. Resveratrol (RSV) is known to alter metabolism in cancer. It affects the nuclear retinoid-X-receptor (RXR), which implies a modulating effect of RXR to gynaecologic cancers. Furthermore, RSV targets Sirtuin1 (Sirt1), a histone deacetylase.Study design123 tissue samples of patients with serous or mucinous ovarian cancer were examined for expression of Sirt1 and RXR. Ovarian cell lines were treated with RSV and consequences on viability and apoptosis were evaluated. The influence of RSV to Sirt1 and RXR expression was analyzed by western blottingResultsA correlation of nuclear Sirt1 and RXRα expression could be detected (p = 0.006). Co-expression of nuclear RXRα and cytoplasmic (p = 0.026) or nuclear (p = 0.041) Sirt1 was associated with significantly increased overall survival in advanced tumour stages. Viability was decreased in all cell lines after stimulation with resveratrol, while cell apoptosis was increased. RSV treatment led to significant lower Sirt1 expression in A2780 cells (p = 0.025) and significant increased RXR expression in cisA2780 cells (p = 0.012)ConclusionIn order to use RSV as medical target, studies could be developed to improve the understanding of drug resistance mechanisms and consequently improve treatment outcome.
Aerobic exercise in severe mental illness: requirements from the perspective of sports medicine
Authors: Falkai Peter , Schmitt Andrea , Rosenbeiger Christian P. , Maurus Isabel , Hattenkofer Lisa , Hasan Alkomiet , Malchow Berend , Heim-Ohmayer Pascale , Halle Martin , Heitkamp Melanie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMajor depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia are severe mental illnesses. Despite receiving psychopharmacological and psychosocial treatments, about half of patients develop a chronic course with residual cognitive and negative symptoms and have a high risk for cardiovascular disease and reduced life expectancy. Therefore, add-on innovative treatment approaches are needed to improve outcome. Aerobic exercise interventions have been shown to improve global functioning, cognition, and negative and depressive symptoms in these patients. The basic mechanism of these exercise-related changes has been reported to be improved brain plasticity, e.g., increased volume of disease-related brain regions such as the hippocampus. The optimal type, duration, and frequency of exercise have not yet been determined and need to be addressed in supervised physical exercise studies. Because of the low physical activity levels, lack of drive related to negative and depressive symptoms, and high prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities in patients with severe mental illness, besides aiming to improve symptoms of mental illness, exercise interventions should also aim to increase cardiorespiratory fitness, which they should comprehensively assess by direct measurements of maximal oxygen uptake. Based on the recommendations for developing cardiorespiratory fitness by the American College of Sports Medicine, 150 min moderate-intensity training per week or vigorous-intensity exercise training for 75 min per week are appropriate. Most studies have had relatively short intervention periods, so future studies should focus on long-term adherence to exercise by implementing motivational strategies supported by telemedicine and by identifying and targeting typical barriers to exercise in this patient population.
Proteolytic activation of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) by factor VII activating protease (FSAP) and its relevance for sodium retention in nephrotic mice
Authors: Artunc Ferruh , Bohnert Bernhard N. , Schneider Jonas C. , Staudner Tobias , Sure Florian , Ilyaskin Alexandr V. , Wörn Matthias , Essigke Daniel , Janessa Andrea , Nielsen Nis V. , Birkenfeld Andreas L. , Etscheid Michael , Haerteis Silke , Korbmacher Christoph , Kanse Sandip M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractProteolytic activation of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) by aberrantly filtered serine proteases is thought to contribute to renal sodium retention in nephrotic syndrome. However, the identity of the responsible proteases remains elusive. This study evaluated factor VII activating protease (FSAP) as a candidate in this context. We analyzed FSAP in the urine of patients with nephrotic syndrome and nephrotic mice and investigated its ability to activate human ENaC expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Moreover, we studied sodium retention in FSAP-deficient mice (Habp2−/−) with experimental nephrotic syndrome induced by doxorubicin. In urine samples from nephrotic humans, high concentrations of FSAP were detected both as zymogen and in its active state. Recombinant serine protease domain of FSAP stimulated ENaC-mediated whole-cell currents in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Mutating the putative prostasin cleavage site in γ-ENaC (γRKRK178AAAA) prevented channel stimulation by the serine protease domain of FSAP. In a mouse model for nephrotic syndrome, active FSAP was present in nephrotic urine of Habp2+/+ but not of Habp2−/− mice. However, Habp2−/− mice were not protected from sodium retention compared to nephrotic Habp2+/+ mice. Western blot analysis revealed that in nephrotic Habp2−/− mice, proteolytic cleavage of α- and γ-ENaC was similar to that in nephrotic Habp2+/+ animals. In conclusion, active FSAP is excreted in the urine of nephrotic patients and mice and activates ENaC in vitro involving the putative prostasin cleavage site of γ-ENaC. However, endogenous FSAP is not essential for sodium retention in nephrotic mice.
A novel method for the quantitative morphometric characterization of soluble salts on volcanic ash
Authors: Casas Ana S. , Hornby Adrian , Poetsch Carina , Cimarelli Corrado , Dingwell Donald B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFormation of soluble sulfate and halide salts on volcanic ash particles via syn-eruptive interactions between ash surfaces and magmatic gases is a ubiquitous phenomenon in explosive eruptions. Surficial salts may be rapidly mobilized into their depositional environment undermining the quality of drinking water, harming aquatic life, and damaging soil and vegetation. Assessment of the potential for salt formation on ash and related environmental impacts have been based almost exclusively on bulk mineralogical or chemical analyses of ash; similarly, quantification of surficial salts has been made via leachate analysis only. However, it is the ash surface state and salt crystal properties that exert the predominant control on its reactivity, thus in determining their immediate environmental impact. Here, using scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, we present a novel image analysis protocol for the quantitative characterization of surficial salts, together with chemical analyses of resulting leachates. As volcanic ash proxies, we used synthetic rhyolitic glass particles (with systematic variations in FeOT and CaO content) and a crushed obsidian. Using an ash-gas reactor, we artificially surface-loaded samples with CaSO4 and NaCl crystals, the most common crystal phases found on volcanic ash surfaces. Analogous variations were found using both methods: for CaSO4 crystals, higher temperature treatments or increasing FeOT content at the same temperature led to higher concentrations of salt leachate and higher salt volumes; unexpectedly, increasing the CaO content caused only a minor increase in salt formation. In addition to bulk salt formation, morphometric results provided insight into formation processes, nucleation and growth rates, and limiting factors for salt formation. Higher temperatures increased CaSO4 crystal size and surface coverage which we infer to result from higher element mobility in the glasses driving crystal growth. Increasing FeOT content of the glasses yielded increased salt surface coverage and leachate concentrations, but decreased crystal size (i.e., the salt number density increased). This latter effect likely relates to the role of iron as an electron-donor to charge balance salt-forming cation migration to the ash surface, indicating the importance of iron in determining surface reaction site density and, consequently, environmental reactivity. The controlling roles of ash composition and temperature on salt formation observed here can improve estimations for surface salt formation, volatile scavenging, and environmental impact for eruptions producing glass-rich ash. Our characterization protocol can therefore become a useful tool for the investigation of solid–gas reactions for terrestrial and planetary processes, and it also appears to be a powerful complement to research into atmospheric processes mediated by ash surfaces, such as ash aggregation and nucleation of water or ice on ash.
Validation of the portable virtual reality training system for robotic surgery (PoLaRS): a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hardon Sem F. , Kooijmans Anton , Horeman Roel , van der Elst Maarten , Bloemendaal Alexander L. A. , Horeman Tim 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
As global use of surgical robotic systems is steadily increasing, surgical simulation can be an excellent way for robotic surgeons to acquire and retain their skills in a safe environment. To address the need for training in less wealthy parts of the world, an affordable surgical robot simulator (PoLaRS) was designed.

Methods
The aim of this pilot study is to compare learning curve data of the PoLaRS prototype with those of Intuitive Surgical’s da Vinci Skills Simulator (dVSS) and to establish face- and construct validity. Medical students were divided into two groups; the test group (n = 18) performing tasks on PoLaRS and dVSS, and the control group (n = 20) only performing tasks on the dVSS. The performance parameters were Time, Path length, and the number of collisions. Afterwards, the test group participants filled in a questionnaire regarding both systems.

Results
A total of 528 trials executed by 38 participants were measured and included for analyses. The test group significantly improved in Time, Path Length and Collisions during the PoLaRS test phase (P ≤ 0.028). No differences was found between the test group and the control group in the dVSS performances during the post-test phase. Learning curves showed similar shapes between both systems, and between both groups. Participants recognized the potential benefits of simulation training on the PoLaRS system.

Conclusions
Robotic surgical skills improved during training with PoLaRS. This shows the potential of PoLaRS to become an affordable alternative to current surgical robot simulators. Validation with similar tasks and different expert levels is needed before implementing the training system into robotic training curricula.
The effect of biofeedback on smoking cessation—a systematic short review
Authors: Keilani Mohammad , Steiner Margarete , Crevenna Richard 
Published: December 2021

Summary
Purpose
The aim of this systematic review was to focus on the effect of biofeedback on smoking cessation.

Material and methods
This review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Peer-reviewed original articles including biofeedback and/or neurofeedback training as an intervention for smoking cessation were included. The PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were screened for trials published up to July 2021. The effects on smoking rates and smoking behavior, and biofeedback/neurofeedback training measures are summarized here.

Results
In total, three articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The total Downs and Black checklist scores ranged from 11 to 23 points, showing that the articles were of poor to good methodological quality. The included studies were heterogeneous, both in terms of treatment protocols and in terms of outcome parameters. Pooling of data for a meta-analysis was not possible. Therefore, we were limited to describing the included studies. The included biofeedback study demonstrated that skin temperature training might improve the patients’ ability to raise their skin temperature aiming at stress alleviation. All three studies reported positive effects of biofeedback/neurofeedback in supporting smokers to quit. Furthermore, individualized electroencephalography neurofeedback training showed promising results in one study in modulating craving-related responses.

Conclusion
The results of the present review suggest that biofeedback/neurofeedback training might facilitate smoking cessation by changing behavioral outcomes. Although the investigated studies contained heterogeneous methodologies, they showed interesting approaches that could be further investigated and elaborated. To improve the scientific evidence, prospective randomized controlled trials are needed to investigate biofeedback/neurofeedback in clinical settings for smoking cessation.
Microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm involving the vertebral artery
Authors: Wang Jing , Chong Yulong , Jiang Chengrong , Dai Yuxiang , Liang Weibang , Ding Lianshu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective
Microvascular decompression (MVD) has become an accepted treatment modality for the vertebral artery (VA)–involved hemifacial spasm (HFS). The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate clinical and surgical outcomes of HFS patients undergoing MVD and surgical and cranial nerve complications and investigate reasonable transposition procedures for two different anatomic variations of VA.

Methods
Between January and December 2018, 109 patients underwent first MVD for HFS involving VA at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital. Based on whether the VA could be moved ventrally at the lower cranial nerves (LCNs) level, patients were assigned to Group A (movable VA, n = 72) or B (unmovable VA, n = 37), and clinical and surgical outcomes and complications on the day of post-surgery and during follow-up were assessed. All patients were followed up ranging from 17 to 24 months with a mean follow-up period of 21 months.

Results
After a mean follow-up of 21 months, the total cure rate significantly decreased in all patients compared to that achieved on the day of surgery, and Group A patients exhibited a higher cure rate versus Group B (93.1% vs. 75.7%, P = 0.015). Group B patients with unmovable VA revealed both higher incidence of surgical complications (45.9% vs. 15.3%, P = 0.001) and frequency of bilateral VA compression (27% vs. 8.3%, P = 0.009) versus Group A. No significant difference was observed in long-term cranial nerve complications.

Conclusions
VA-involved HFS can benefit from MVD strategies after preoperative assessment of VA compression. HFS patients with movable VA may receive better long-term efficacy and fewer complications. A Teflon bridge wedged between the distal VA and medulla gives rise to adequate space for decompression surgery.
Reassessment of the homogenization of daily maximum temperatures in the Netherlands since 1901
Authors: Dijkstra Frans , de Vos Rob , Ruis Jan , Crok Marcel 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In 2016, the Royal Dutch Meteorological Office (KNMI) homogenized the daily temperature records for the Netherlands from 1901 to 1950 to allow a realistic comparison of the temperatures from 1901 to the present. The homogenizations for the main station De Bilt were carried out using a Percentile Matching Method (PMM) with one reference station and a 56-month reference period. In this study, it is shown that the corrections in the number of tropical days (maximum temperature ≥ 30 °C) depend strongly on the choice of the reference station and the length of the reference period. A total of 116 different variants of the homogenization of De Bilt were carried out, using all combinations of five reference stations, five reference periods, two ways to calculate percentiles, and two ways to smooth the data. The parameters used for the KNMI’s current homogenization of De Bilt result in a very sharp decrease of tropical days, which is not replicated by the majority of the 116 variants. Moreover, after homogenization, De Bilt appears to be an outlier compared to the other meteorological stations. Therefore, the current homogenized estimates of tropical days for De Bilt should be treated with considerable caution.
Bridge from central extracorporeal life support is a risk factor of cerebrovascular accidents after durable left ventricular assist device implantation
Authors: Tonai Kohei , Fukushima Satsuki , Tadokoro Naoki , Kainuma Satoshi , Kawamoto Naonori , Kakuta Takashi , Koga-Ikuta Ayumi , Watanabe Takuya , Seguchi Osamu , Tsukamoto Yasumasa , Fukushima Norihide , Fujita Tomoyuki 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA bridging strategy from extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is effective in salvage and a bridge to recovery or to a durable left ventricular assist device (LVAD) for acute refractory heart failure. However, the correlation of this strategy with adverse events after durable LVAD implantation has not been fully investigated. This study enrolled 158 consecutive patients who had either the HeartMate II or HeartMate 3 and were implanted for bridge-to-transplantation. These devices were implanted as the primary mechanical support device in 115 patients, whereas the remaining 43 underwent LVAD implantation as the bridge from central ECLS. The primary study endpoint was all-cause mortality and cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) after durable LVAD implantation, and the secondary endpoints were adverse events. Overall survival was not significantly different between the two groups. In contrast, the probability of CVAs was significantly greater in the bridge group than in the primary group (probability of CVAs,P = 0.002; log-rank test). In Cox multivariate logistic regression analysis, a bridge from central ECLS was an independent predictive factor of CVAs (hazard ratio 4.27, 95% confidence interval 1.43–12.8;P = 0.0095). Patients who are bridged from central ECLS are more frequently complicated by CVAs compared with those who undergo primary implantation of a durable LVAD, but survival is not significantly different between the two groups. A bridge from central ECLS is an independent predictive factor of CVAs post-implantation of an LVAD.
Lower accuracy of cytological screening for high-grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia in women over 50 years of age in Japan
Authors: Miki Michiyasu , Imaeda Yoshihiro , Takahashi Hiroshi , Iwata Aya , Tsukamoto Tetsuya , Nomura Hiroyuki , Kotani Kiriko , Mitani Takeji , Ichikawa Ryoko , Fujii Takuma 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
As the population ages in developed countries, the number of Pap smears for cervical cancer screening of older women is increasing. There is concern that cervical atrophy may cause misinterpretation of results for this segment of the population. The present study evaluated the accuracy of screening for high-grade intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) in women younger or older than 50 years, to determine whether aging affects cytological interpretation.

Methods
Patients with HSIL cytology (N = 1565) were dichotomized into those aged 20–49 years or aged ≥ 50 years. Association between histology results and age was examined. Pearson’s chi-squared test and Cochran-Armitage trend test were used for statistical analysis.

Results
The positive predictive value (PPV) for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)2 and worse was 65.2% (62/95) in older women but 87.3% (482/552) in younger women (p < 0.001). Older patients had a significantly lower PPV (p = 1.69 × 10–8). Separately analyzing chronic cervicitis, CIN1 and overt cancer grouped together, compared with another group composed of CIN2 and CIN3, we found that the PPV for CIN2 and CIN3 was lower in older than in younger women [44.2% (42/95)-vs-82.4% (455/552), p < 0.001], respectively.

Conclusions
HSILs are associated with a wide range of disease categories as age increases, and the accuracy of HSIL interpretation is lower in older women.