bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A symmetric DBI action theory and its applications to inflationary cosmology
Authors: Yang Xiaokun , Xu Wu-Long , Huang Yong-Chang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) field theory in string theory is important and can provide the field of the universe’s inflation. At the same time, it provides a causal mechanism for generating the original density perturbation, thereby providing the necessary density perturbation for existing the dense and sparse matter distributions of the universe. We deduce a symmetric DBI action, introduce it into inflationary cosmology to calculate various inflation parameters, further calculate the scalar perturbation spectrum and the tensor-scalar ratio, which are compared with Planck + WMAP9 + BAO data, the power spectrum predicted by the new general DBI inflation theory satisfies the CMB Experiment constraints, i.e., is consistent with the current theories and experimental observations. Consequently, the theory of this paper conforms to current experiments and is supplying the current theories, and also a new way of explaining the inflation of the universe.
Charged lepton flavor violation in light of muon $$g-2$$
Authors: Hou Wei-Shu , Kumar Girish 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe recent confirmation of the muon $$g-2$$

g
-
2

anomaly by the Fermilab $$g-2$$

g
-
2

experiment may harbinger a new era in $$\mu $$
μ
and $$\tau $$
τ
physics. In the context of general two Higgs doublet model, the discrepancy can be explained via one-loop exchange of sub-TeV exotic scalar and pseudoscalars, namely H and A, that have flavor changing neutral couplings $$\rho _{\tau \mu }$$

ρ

τ
μ

and $$\rho _{\mu \tau }$$

ρ

μ
τ

at $$\sim 20$$

∼
20

times the usual tau Yukawa coupling, $$\lambda _\tau $$

λ
τ

. Taking $$\rho _{\ell \ell ^\prime }\sim \lambda _{ \mathrm min(\ell , \ell ^\prime )}$$

ρ

ℓ

ℓ
′

∼

λ

m
i
n
(
ℓ
,

ℓ
′

)

, we show that the above solution to muon $$g-2$$

g
-
2

then predicts enhanced rates of various charged lepton flavor violating processes, which should be accessible at upcoming experiments. We cover muon related processes such as $$\mu \rightarrow e \gamma $$

μ
→
e
γ

, $$\mu \rightarrow eee$$

μ
→
e
e
e

and $$\mu N \rightarrow e N$$

μ
N
→
e
N

, and $$\tau $$
τ
decays $$\tau \rightarrow \mu \gamma $$

τ
→
μ
γ

and $$\tau \rightarrow \mu \mu \mu $$

τ
→
μ
μ
μ

. A similar one-loop diagram with $$\rho _{e\tau }= \rho _{\tau e} = \mathcal{O}(\lambda _e)$$

ρ

e
τ

=

ρ

τ
e

=
O

(

λ
e

)

induces $$\mu \rightarrow e\gamma $$

μ
→
e
γ

, bringing the rate right into the sensitivity of the MEG II experiment. The $$\mu e\gamma $$

μ
e
γ

dipole can be probed further by $$\mu \rightarrow 3e$$

μ
→
3
e

and $$\mu N \rightarrow eN$$

μ
N
→
e
N

. With its promised sensitivity range and ability to use different nuclei, the $$\mu N \rightarrow eN$$

μ
N
→
e
N

conversion experiments can not only make discovery, but access the extra diagonal quark Yukawa couplings $$\rho _{qq}$$

ρ

qq

. For the $$\tau $$
τ
lepton, we find that $$\tau \rightarrow \mu \gamma $$

τ
→
μ
γ

would probe $$\rho _{\tau \tau }$$

ρ

τ
τ

down to $$\lambda _\tau $$

λ
τ

or lower, while $$\tau \rightarrow 3\mu $$

τ
→
3
μ

would probe $$\rho _{\mu \mu }$$

ρ

μ
μ

to $$\mathcal{O}(\lambda _{\mu })$$

O
(

λ
μ

)

.
Early post-breakup kinematic adjustments of continental–oceanic transform fault zones: Cape Range, Coromandal and Romanche transform margin case study
Authors: Nemčok Michal , Ledvényiová Lucia , Henk Andreas , Rybár Samuel , Sinha Sudipta Tapan , Pospíšil Lubomil , Mikuška Ján , Jánošík Michal , Csibri Tamás , Staniaszek Stanislaw , Baranowski Adam , Gontar Tadeusz 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A comparison of transform margins that started their evolution as continental transforms shows differences in their tectonic style, which can be attributed to the variable kinematic adjustments they underwent during the post-breakup continental-oceanic stage of their development. Three end-member examples are presented in detail. The Cape Range transform fault zone (Western Australia) retained its strike-slip character during its entire continental-oceanic stage, as documented by the transform-perpendicular system of spreading-related magnetic stripe anomalies. The Coromandal transform fault zone (Eastern India) adjusted its kinematics to a transtensional one during its continental-oceanic stage, as indicated by the transform-oblique system of magnetic stripe anomalies and extensional component of movement indicated by a narrow zone of crustal thinning. The Romanche transform fault zone (Equatorial Africa) adjusted its kinematics to transpressional, as documented by the changing geometries of magnetic stripe anomalies and transpressional folding during its continental-oceanic development stage. Based on the recognition of the aforementioned adjustments, we suggest a new categorization of transforms into (1) those that experience transpressional adjustment, (2) those that experience transtensional adjustment and (3) those that do not experience any adjustment during their continental-oceanic development stage.
What You See is What it Means! Semantic Representation Learning of Code based on Visualization and Transfer Learning
Authors: Keller Patrick , Kaboré Abdoul Kader , Plein Laura , Klein Jacques , Le Traon Yves , Bissyandé Tegawendé F. 
Published: December 2021

Recent successes in training word embeddings for
Natural Language Processing
(
NLP
) tasks have encouraged a wave of research on representation learning for source code, which builds on similar NLP methods. The overall objective is then to produce code embeddings that capture the maximum of program semantics. State-of-the-art approaches invariably rely on a syntactic representation (i.e., raw lexical tokens, abstract syntax trees, or intermediate representation tokens) to generate embeddings, which are criticized in the literature as non-robust or non-generalizable. In this work, we investigate a novel embedding approach based on the intuition that source code has visual patterns of semantics. We further use these patterns to address the outstanding challenge of identifying semantic code clones. We propose the

WySiWiM

(
‘
‘What You See Is What It Means
”
) approach where visual representations of source code are fed into powerful pre-trained image classification neural networks from the field of computer vision to benefit from the practical advantages of transfer learning. We evaluate the proposed embedding approach on the task of vulnerable code prediction in source code and on two variations of the task of semantic code clone identification: code clone detection (a binary classification problem), and code classification (a multi-classification problem). We show with experiments on the BigCloneBench (Java), Open Judge (C) that although simple, our
WySiWiM
approach performs as effectively as state-of-the-art approaches such as ASTNN or TBCNN. We also showed with data from NVD and SARD that
WySiWiM
representation can be used to learn a vulnerable code detector with reasonable performance (accuracy ∼90%). We further explore the influence of different steps in our approach, such as the choice of visual representations or the classification algorithm, to eventually discuss the promises and limitations of this research direction.
How Software Refactoring Impacts Execution Time
Authors: Traini Luca , Di Pompeo Daniele , Tucci Michele , Lin Bin , Scalabrino Simone , Bavota Gabriele , Lanza Michele , Oliveto Rocco , Cortellessa Vittorio 
Published: December 2021

Refactoring aims at improving the maintainability of source code without modifying its external behavior. Previous works proposed approaches to recommend refactoring solutions to software developers. The generation of the recommended solutions is guided by metrics acting as proxy for maintainability (e.g., number of code smells removed by the recommended solution). These approaches ignore the impact of the recommended refactorings on other non-functional requirements, such as performance, energy consumption, and so forth. Little is known about the impact of refactoring operations on non-functional requirements other than maintainability.
We aim to fill this gap by presenting the largest study to date to investigate the impact of refactoring on software performance, in terms of execution time. We mined the change history of 20 systems that defined performance benchmarks in their repositories, with the goal of identifying commits in which developers implemented refactoring operations impacting code components that are exercised by the performance benchmarks. Through a quantitative and qualitative analysis, we show that refactoring operations can significantly impact the execution time. Indeed, none of the investigated refactoring types can be considered “safe” in ensuring no performance regression. Refactoring types aimed at decomposing complex code entities (e.g., Extract Class/Interface, Extract Method) have higher chances of triggering performance degradation, suggesting their careful consideration when refactoring performance-critical code.
Why Do Developers Reject Refactorings in Open-Source Projects?
Authors: Pantiuchina Jevgenija , Lin Bin , Zampetti Fiorella , Di Penta Massimiliano , Lanza Michele , Bavota Gabriele 
Published: December 2021

Refactoring operations are behavior-preserving changes aimed at improving source code quality. While refactoring is largely considered a good practice, refactoring proposals in pull requests are often rejected after the code review. Understanding the reasons behind the rejection of refactoring contributions can shed light on how such contributions can be improved, essentially benefiting software quality.
This article reports a study in which we manually coded rejection reasons inferred from 330 refactoring-related pull requests from 207 open-source Java projects. We surveyed 267 developers to assess their perceived prevalence of these identified rejection reasons, further complementing the reasons.
Our study resulted in a comprehensive taxonomy consisting of 26 refactoring-related rejection reasons and 21 process-related rejection reasons. The taxonomy, accompanied with representative examples and highlighted implications, provides developers with valuable insights on how to ponder and polish their refactoring contributions, and indicates a number of directions researchers can pursue toward better refactoring recommenders.
Mechanical Properties and Degradation Behaviors of Zn-xMg Alloy Fine Wires for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Bai Jing , Xu Yan , Fan Qizhou , Cao Ruihua , Zhou Xingxing , Cheng Zhaojun , Dong Qiangsheng , Xue Feng 
Published: December 2021

Zn and Zn-based alloys exhibit biosafety and biodegradation, considered as candidates for biomedical implants. Zn-0.02 wt.% Mg (Zn-0.02 Mg), Zn-0.05 wt.% Mg (Zn-0.05 Mg), and Zn-0.2 wt.% Mg (Zn-0.2 Mg) wires (Φ 0.3 mm) were prepared for precision biomedical devices in this work. With the addition of Mg in Zn-xMg alloys, the grain size decreased along with the occurrence of Mg2Zn11 at the grain boundaries. Hot extrusion, cold drawing, and annealing treatment were introduced to further refining the grain size. Besides, the hot extrusion and cold drawing improved the tensile strength of Zn-xMg alloys to 240-270 MPa while elongation also increased but remained under 10%. Annealing treatment could improve the elongation of Zn alloys to 12% -28%, but decrease the tensile strength. Furthermore, Zn-xMg wires displayed an increase in degradation rate with Mg addition. The findings might provide a potential possibility of Zn-xMg alloy wires for biomedical applications.
Differentiable Subset Pruning of Transformer Heads
Authors: Li Jiaoda , Cotterell Ryan , Sachan Mrinmaya 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Multi-head attention, a collection of several attention mechanisms that independently attend to different parts of the input, is the key ingredient in the Transformer. Recent work has shown, however, that a large proportion of the heads in a Transformer’s multi-head attention mechanism can be safely pruned away without significantly harming the performance of the model; such pruning leads to models that are noticeably smaller and faster in practice. Our work introduces a new head pruning technique that we term differentiable subset pruning. ntuitively, our method learns per- head importance variables and then enforces a user-specified hard constraint on the number of unpruned heads. he importance variables are learned via stochastic gradient descent. e conduct experiments on natural language inference and machine translation; we show that differentiable subset pruning performs comparably or better than previous works while offering precise control of the sparsity level.1
Instance-Based Neural Dependency Parsing
Authors: Ouchi Hiroki , Suzuki Jun , Kobayashi Sosuke , Yokoi Sho , Kuribayashi Tatsuki , Yoshikawa Masashi , Inui Kentaro 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInterpretable rationales for model predictions are crucial in practical applications. We develop neural models that possess an interpretable inference process for dependency parsing. Our models adopt instance-based inference, where dependency edges are extracted and labeled by comparing them to edges in a training set. The training edges are explicitly used for the predictions; thus, it is easy to grasp the contribution of each edge to the predictions. Our experiments show that our instance-based models achieve competitive accuracy with standard neural models and have the reasonable plausibility of instance-based explanations.
State and COVID-19 Response in the Asian Tiger Economies
Authors: Khondker Habibul Haque 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
By comparing the response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Tiger economies, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Singapore, this article examines the advantages and limitations of the statist command and control approaches to crisis management. Local, regional, and global politics as well as global political economy impinge and influence the state response. The article argues that a combination of factors – the institutional memory, overall state capacity and efficacy rooted in the preexisting institutional nexus, performance legitimacy, trust, reliance on scientific rationality, and integration with global scientific networks – stood in good stead in dealing with the crisis. Yet, as the crisis rolled on, some of the stellar performers showed considerable gaps in planning and politics trumped sensible policies. Despite the commonality, the article shows that there were important differences in the responses of the three Tiger economies, especially in rolling out the vaccines, which can be explained not only by the state capacity but also the larger global politico-economic contexts. The article argues that the state capacity is affected by the global dynamics, the specificity of geopolitical and historical contexts, which must be factored in in explaining successes and failures of state responses.
The Legitimacy of Traditional Leaders in Democracies
Authors: Chahongnao Shimreisa 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study analyses the issue of legitimacy that unfolds to understand the authority claims of traditional leaders underpinned by customary law in contrast to modern law and legislations in the democracies of two erstwhile British colonies: South Africa and the Tangkhul Nagas of India and Myanmar. The study enquires: if the warrant of modern and traditional law, the fulcrum of traditional leaders’ legitimacy, is questioned in the democratic dispensation, what is the underlying basis of legitimacy that makes traditional leaders resilient? It employs historical, cultural and linguistic analysis to understand how traditional leaders mediate legitimacy. It concludes that cultural cognitive categories like metaphors and aphorisms are instrumental in leveraging the legitimacy claims of traditional leaders across countries.
EU Criminal Law and Electronic Surveillance: The Pegasus System and Legal Challenges It Poses
Authors: Rojszczak Marcin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The introduction of modern forms of communication, such as encrypted messengers or VoIP telephony, has forced law enforcement agencies to use new technologies to carry out surveillance of people facing criminal proceedings. Rather than relying on the interception of communications during transmission, modern surveillance systems are often based on breaking or bypassing the security features of a user’s mobile device – making it possible to conduct various forms of surveillance that include audio and video recording. One example of such a system is Pegasus – a tool that was initially used to pursue national security objectives but is now increasingly applied in criminal surveillance.
The introduction of technical innovations in criminal surveillance must include an examination of their compatibility with legal constraints laid down to protect the individual against the risk of arbitrariness and abuse of power. The effectiveness of surveillance should never be the sole determinant for tasks undertaken by public authorities.
The aim of this article is to demonstrate that the implementation of modern surveillance measures such as Pegasus must also include a review of existing legal regulations to ensure that the use of these products’ extended capabilities is under proper control and complies with the rule of law.
‘Mama I Can’t Breathe!’: Black/African Women of Faith Groaning for Social Justice and Gender Equality
Authors: Parsitau Damaris , Mombo Esther , Dah Ini Dorcas , Gitonga Tatiana Wairimu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article explores some residual entanglements of colonialism, Christianity, and Afro-western engagement in Africa by using the murder of George Floyd at the hands of police and his cries for “breath” and “mama” as a framework for examining the following. First, we argue that one way in which the repercussions of the transatlantic slave trade remain evident in Africa is the continued police brutality and dehumanization of African citizens. Secondly, with the invocation of “mama,” we consider the plight of African women and colonial/postcolonial Christianity, challenging the African church’s silence on social justice issues, and complicity in the exclusion/oppression of women. We call the church to reckon with its silence, and we offer a corrective towards constructing a theological and missiological response to our cries for breath. While this article is based on African feminist reflections, it invites global participation and indicates wider implications for social and gendered justice.
La nouvelle image de l’homme dans la philosophie franco-allemande du XVIIe à la fin du XXe siècle
Authors: Dastur Françoise 
Published: December 2021

Résumé
Ce qui est en marche en France du XVIIe au XVIIIe siècle, c’est le processus en quelque sorte irréversible de l’émancipation de l’homme, par la conquête de la liberté intérieure avec Descartes et son cogito, puis par la conquête de la liberté politique avec la révolution de 1789. Mais c’est en Allemagne avec Marx, Nietzsche et Freud que cette centration excessive de l’homme sur lui-même va se voir profondément mise en question. Le culte ainsi rendu à la raison humaine a en effet conduit à un développement des techniques et des sciences qui a permis à l’être humain de s’arracher de manière progressive à l’ordre de la nature, comme le montrent ces grands critiques de la technique moderne que sont Martin Heidegger en Allemagne et Jacques Ellul en France. A l’individualisme qui s’est largement répandu dans les sociétés démocratiques s’oppose dans la philosophie franco-allemande du XXe siècle l’accent mis sur la nécessité pour l’être humain d’être en rapport avec ses semblables, comme le montrent les œuvres de trois philosophes français, Sartre, Merleau-Ponty et Levinas, qui se fondent tous trois sur l’œuvre fondatrice du philosophe allemand Edmund Husserl. C’est à partir de là que l’on peut voir apparaître une nouvelle et paradoxale image du sacré, comme en atteste en Allemagne la poésie de Hölderlin et en France la pensée de Levinas. La perspective anthropocentriste qui a guidé le développement de l’homme occidental depuis la Renaissance se voit ainsi radicalement mise en question. Le dialogue franco-allemand qui a marqué le développement de la pensée philosophique doit par conséquent aujourd’hui s’ouvrir à des influences plus lointaines, à la fois occidentales et orientales, qui sont celles des penseurs écologiques du XIXe siècle et du début du XXe siècle.
COVID-19 Viral Logics, Social Inequality and Hegemonic Mimicry: Deconstructing the Language of Cultural Parasite
Authors: Abdul-Jabbar Wisam Kh. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Drawing on Michel Serres’ philosophical notion of the parasite, this essay examines human responses to COVID-19 that mimic parasitic behavior and uncovers social inequalities by exploring the cultural hegemony of viral logics perpetuated by the media. How can Serres’ notion of the parasite help us reconfigure structural inequalities experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic? First, the essay examines the viral logic of internalization, which seeks to normalize, if not appropriate, the impact of the pandemic through the rhetoric of togetherness. This particular viral logic induces people to internalize the coronavirus pandemic’s illusion as a crisis shared equally by all. The essay argues that this viral logic of internationalization resonates with the French philosopher’s parasite logic, which, in Serres’s words, “expresses a new epistemology, another theory of equilibrium.” Second, this study examines the viral logic of correlation, which designates certain marginalized cultural groups as infected, and therefore regarded and (mis)treated like the virus itself. This blame-game behavior mimics the parasite’s violation of the host’s chain of order and the creation of a new order that is self-serving. Hence, the parasite becomes, according to Serres, “an interruption, a corruption, a rupture of information.” The essay argues that although mimicry becomes the theatre of cultural inequality that dominates communication for the parasitic operator, both viral logics of parasitic mimicry eventually slip into mockery.
What Determines Profitability in the Indian Automobile Industry?
Authors: Tyagi Shilpi , Mahajan Varun 
Published: December 2021

This study tends to examine the firm-level profitability determinants of Indian automobile and ancillary industry which is recognised for its global competitiveness. The study uses recent dataset to investigate the firm-level profitability determinants in the Indian automobile and ancillary industry and records the effect of shifts in profitability due to change in economic environment. This study intends at using real financial balanced panel data for a period 1999–2019 and applies the two-step system generalised method of moments regression model with robust standard errors. The study has found that lagged profitability, marketing and advertising intensity, firm’s market power and operational efficiency have exercised positive impact on firm-level profitability. Negative and statistically significant impact of raw material import intensity and export intensity highlights the need of planning and implementation of appropriate investment strategies. The findings of this study suggest that firms should pay more attention to optimise their operating expenditures, marketing and advertisement expenditures and expand their market power as a part of their survival and growth strategy. JEL Code: L25