bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The in Vitro Antischistosomal Activity and Genotoxicity of the Active Ingredients of Allium sativum (allicin) and Curcuma longa (curcumin)
Authors: Abd El-Hak RASHED Hadeer , ABU ALMAATY Ali Hussein , Mohamed SOLIMAN Maha Farid , EL-SHENAWY Nahla Soliman 
Published: February 2021

Background: In this study, we assessed the in vitro antischistosomal activity of the active ingredients of Allium sativum (allicin) and Curcuma longa (curcumin) on Schistosoma mansoni.
Methods: This study was conducted in Faculty of Science, Port said University, Egypt (2018). Adult worms were exposed to a range of concentrations of AL or CU, and worm survival was assessed 24 h post-exposure to calculate the lethal concentration of the compounds. Scanning electron microscopy was used to assess ultrastructural changes in the surface of AL- or CU- treated worms. The genotoxicities of AL and CU on S. mansoni were determined by DNA fragmentation analysis.
Results: We determined the concentrations of AL and CU required to kill 50% of S. mansoni (LC50). The LC50 of AL was 8.66 µL/mL, whereas 100% mortality of S. mansoni was achieved by AL at concentrations of 50 µL/mL. The LC50 of CU was 87.25 µL/mL, with the highest mortality of 91.3% seen after 24 h exposure to 100 µg/mL CU. Ultrastructural studies revealed that exposure to either AL or CU led to mild or severe surface damage to S. mansion, respectively. The degree of damage in the worms was sex-dependent. Interestingly, while CU exposure resulted in DNA fragmentation in S. mansoni worms, we observed no genotoxic effects of AL.
Conclusion: Both AL and CU exhibit antischistosomal activity; the study provided evidence suggesting that these compounds act through distinct mechanisms. These promising results encourage further investigation into these compounds as potential antischistosomal agents, either alone or as complementary treatments to praziquantel.
Oversuppliance of the English simple past tense by Mandarin ESL learners
Authors: Tiittanen Mike 
Published: February 2021

This study sought to determine if there would be L1 influence in the oral use of the English simple past tense in a semi-structured interview questions task as well as in a fill-in-the-gaps task. This research investigated the oversuppliance of the simple past tense in sentential contexts in which the simple past tense was ungrammatical. The participants of this study consisted of two different L1 groups – Mandarin, which lacks a grammatical past tense, and Tamil, which has a grammatical past tense. The results indicated that the Mandarin learners oversupplied the simple past tense more frequently on the oral task, as a proportion of the simple past tense forms they produced, than the Tamil participants, but not on the fill-in-the-gaps task.
Early Catastrophic Failure of Cervical Disc Arthroplasty
Authors: Lovecchio Francis , McCarthy Michael , Vaishnav Avani S. , York Philip , Qureshi Sheeraz A 
Published: February 2021

Case:
A 47-year-old healthy man underwent cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) for a C6 radiculopathy. Two-week radiographs showed a well-positioned implant. At the 6-week postoperative visit, the inferior portion of the implant had displaced ventrally, with C6 anterior vertebral body collapse. The next day, the implant was removed and converted to a C5/6 anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Bone biopsy was unremarkable.

Conclusions:
This is the first reported case of early catastrophic failure of a well-positioned CDA in a healthy patient with good bone quality. Possible contributing mechanisms include hypermobility and anterior bone loss, factors previously associated with CDA.
INCORPORATING INFORMATION ON VARYING SEDIMENTATION RATES INTO PALEONTOLOGICAL ANALYSES
Authors: HOHMANN NIKLAS 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTStratigraphic changes in the clustering of first or last taxon occurrences are a joint expression of evolutionary, ecological, taphonomic, and sedimentological processes. Sedimentation rates control the degree of sedimentary dilution and condensation and thus alter the time contained in a given thickness of sediment. However, it remains poorly explored quantitatively how distinct the stratigraphic patterns in the first and last occurrences can be under different deposition models with a constant thickness of accumulated sediment. Here, I present an algorithm that translates ecological or evolutionary signals between time and stratigraphic height. It is implemented for R Software as the package DAIME and complemented by tools to quantify the uncertainties associated with the construction of deposition models. By modeling the stratigraphic expression of the K/Pg extinction and an earlier extinction pulse potentially linked to Deccan volcanism on Seymour Island under varying sedimentation rates, I show that (1) clustering of last occurrences ∼ 250 kyr prior to the K/Pg boundary can be equally explained by a stronger earlier extinction pulse or prolonged intervals with reduced sediment accumulation rate, but (2) when the temporal variability in sedimentation rate is known, the most plausible extinction dynamics can still be identified. The approach is applicable for any type of information transported as a part of the sedimentary record (e.g., fossils or trace elements) or data derived from it (e.g., isotope ratios and rates of morphological evolution).
Análisis temporal de la prueba de 50 metros rescate con material. estudio comparativo entre aro salvavidas, boya torpedo y tubo de rescate
Authors: Álvarez Santamarta Rubén , Manuel Díez Herrero José , Molinero González Olga , Salguero del Valle Alfonso 
Published: February 2021

Antecedentes: Los socorristas acuáticos están obligados a utilizar diferentes materiales de salvamento, sin embargo, existe una carencia de estudios de tipo cuantitativo que señalen las ventajas e inconvenientes de la utilización de cada uno de ellos.
Objetivos: Determinar, a través de un estudio cinemático cuantitativo, cuales son las ventajas e inconvenientes de tres tipos diferentes de materiales de rescate en un simulacro de rescate en una instalación acuática.
Método: 19 socorristas realizaron la prueba de 50 m rescate con material. La prueba se realizó en tres ocasiones, cada una con un material de rescate diferente (aro, boya y tubo). Se analizaron diferentes variables temporales y angulares. Posteriormente se llevó a cabo un análisis descriptivo, comparativo y correlacional utilizando el paquete estadístico SPSS 26.0.
Resultados: No se obtuvieron diferencias significativas respecto al tiempo total de la prueba (TT) entre la boya, el aro y el tubo. La angulación de arrastre (ANGARR) más favorable se obtuvo con el tubo; sin embargo, fue el aro el material que presentó un mejor ángulo de nado (ANGNA), y un mejor porcentaje de acierto de colocación.
Conclusiones: No se han observado diferencias significativas en el TT entre los materiales, por lo que se considera que todos ellos pueden ser adecuados para la realización de un rescate con características similares a las de la prueba utilizada. Sin embargo, la información aportada podrá ayudarnos a analizar, en función de las circunstancias, que material sería el más recomendable en cada caso en una situación real de emergencia.
Efectos del entrenamiento de balance sobre las características cinemáticas de la batida de crol en nadadores juveniles
Authors: Benavides-Roca Luis , Maureira-Pareja Hernán 
Published: February 2021

Antecedentes: En la natación la técnica de batida crol tiene un efecto propulsivo y estabilizador del desplazamiento del nadador
Objetivos: Por tanto, el objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar los efectos de un programa de entrenamiento de balance sobre las características cinemáticas de batida en los nadadores juveniles.
Método: La metodología utilizada es cuasi-experimental, donde se trabajó con 15 sujetos (8=grupo A y 7=grupo B), con una edad promedio de 12,6 años, un peso de 44,6±3,9 kg y una estatura de 154±3,8 cm.
Resultados: Los resultados indicaron que el entrenamiento de balance disminuye las velocidades y distancias del movimiento del centro de gravedad y consigue reducir el tamaño del área vórtice producido por la batida crol.
Conclusiones: En conclusión, el balance contribuye en el entrenamiento del desarrollo de la técnica de batida.
The Economic Impact of a PEEP-based Lung Recruitment Clinical Trial Programme in Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Barbosa Klenio , Veiga Viviane , Cavalcanti Alexandre Biasi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is one of the most challenging clinical conditions of the critical care medicine. Previous studies estimate the economic impact and the public return of the clinical trials on public health. Methods: The ART was conducted through a multicenter randomized trial at 120 intensive care units (ICUs) from 9 countries from November , 2011, through April, 2017, enrolling adults with moderate-to-severe ARDS, which investigated whether lung recruitment associated with PEEP titration according to the best respiratory-system compliance decreases 28-day mortality of patients compared with a conventional low-PEEP strategy. This paper identifies the economic impact of the clinical trial from the value of lives saved if the trial findings were implemented in the eligible patient populations for one year, and then computes the public return by subtracting the relevant clinical trial costs from the gross benefit. The economic impact was computed by subtracting the ART costs from its gross benefit. Results: The net benefit of the ART is approximately 152 millions of dollars if the ART findings is implemented in 50% of the eligible patients in Brazil, under the baseline assumptions. Moreover, for every dollar spent in the clinical trial, a return of 114 dollars was achieved in Brazil alone. If the ART’s trial findings were implemented in all eligible patients, then a return of the trial would be 229.5 dollars for every one dollar invested, and net benefit would be around 304 millions of dollars. Conclusions: These findings highlight the substantial economic benefit of clinical trials on ARDS treatments for the society. It also points out that the public return of clinical trials can be potentialized when the new trials’ findings are fully implemented on eligible patients. Efforts should be made to integrate clinical trials findings with the frontline health care delivery.
Adjuvant chemotherapy for poor-responders to neoadjuvant therapy in locally advanced rectal cancer: does it improve the prognosis?
Authors: DARIF KHADIJA , BENBRAHIM ZINEB , CHOUEF JIHANE , MAHDI ZAYNAB , NAJDI ADIL , CHBANI LAILA , BENJELLOUN ELBACHIR , MAJDOUB KARIM IBN , MAZAZ KHALID , LAHMIDANI NADA , ABKARI MOHAMMED EL , AMAADOUR LAMIAE , OUALLA KARIMA , M'RABET FZ EL , ARIFI SAMIA , MELLAS NAWFEL 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer is the first cause of cancer death in developed countries. Although colon and rectal cancers are frequently grouped as a single disease entity, these malignancies have important differences in treatment approaches ; The preoperative radio-chemotherapy combination has become the standard for tumors of the middle and lower rectum, improving local control. But unlike colon cancer, currently there is no compelling evidence of the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in rectal cancer. This study examines the role of adjuvant chemotherapy after a neoadjuvant treatment and chirurgy in localy advanced rectal cancer, especially in poor responders to neoadjuvant therapy. Patients and Methods: Using the medical files collected at the medical oncology department at the Hassan II Hospital Center in Fez , Morocco; patients with rectal cancer diagnosed in 2014 through 2019 who received neoadjuvant CRT(concomitant radio chemotherapy) and surgery with or without AC(adjuvant chemotherapy) were identified. Kaplan-Meier analysis, log-rank tests were used to assess survival. Results: A total of 90 patients were identified; 70 received AC and 20 did not (observation [OBS] group). Median overall survival(OS) of the general population was 40 months, CI 95% = [25-56], the median disease-free survival (DFS) was 17 months,CI 95% = [7-26]. In the analysis of survival according to the ypT and ypN subgroups: the median OS in the ypT1-2 and ypN0 subgroup was higher than in the ypT3-4 or ypN + group (40 months vs 33 months and 44 months vs. 31 consecutive months); DFS was also better in the ypT1-2 and ypN0 group (29 months vs. 11 months (p = 0.05) and 29 months vs. 13 months respectively).The median OS was 40 months for AC and 23 months for OBS (p = 0.036), by against there was no significant improvement in recurrence-free survival. Conclusions: In this population of patients with LARC (localy advanced rectal cancer) treated with neoadjuvant CRT and surgery,
Efficiency of Extremophilic Microbial Mats for Removing of Pb(II), Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Al-Qahtani Khairia M. , Ali Mohamed H.H. , Abdelkarim Mohamed S. , Al-Afify Afify D. G. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Two different extremophilic films were used as natural biosorbents to remove Cu(II), Ni(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solution. Surface area, scanning electron microscope imaging and Fourier transformation infrared were used to characterize the surface of biosorbents. The results indicated high affinity of biosorbents to remove Pb(II) Cu(II) and Ni(II) with adsorption ratio ranged between 73.6–100% for both two biosorbent. The two biosorbents success to remove the metal ions from the aqueous mixture in the order of Pb(II) > Cu(II) > Ni(II). The maximum removal ratios of metal ions were achieved at pH = 6, 150 min contact time, 2.5 g/L biosorbent dose and 50 mg/L metal ions. The isothermal studies showed that both Langmuir and Freundlich models well expressed the adsorption process. Kinetically, the pseudo-second order reaction well express the type of reaction than pseud-first order reaction.
Urinary Dysfunction in Women Following Total Mesorectal Excision Vs. Partial Mesorectal Excision for Treatment of Rectal Cancer
Authors: Chill Henry H. , Parnasa Shani , Shussman Noam , Alter Roie , Helou Briggite , Cohen Adiel , Pikarsky Alon , Shveiky David 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer is a condition which is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to assess urinary dysfunction and its effect on quality of life in women who underwent total mesorectal excision compared to women treated by partial mesorectal excision for treatment of rectal cancer. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study at a tertiary university hospital between January 2014 and December 2019. A comparison was performed between women who underwent total mesorectal excision as opposed to partial mesorectal excision for treatment of rectal cancer. Pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative data were compared between groups. Urinary dysfunction and its impact on quality of life were assessed using UDI-6 and USIQ questionnaires. Further univariate and multivariate analyses were performed in the attempt of assessing risk factors for urinary dysfunction. Results: A total of 107 women were included in the study, 73 women underwent partial mesorectal excision as opposed to 34 women who were treated by total mesorectal excision. Urinary dysfunction following surgery as assessed using the UDI-6 questionnaire did not differ between groups. Similar findings were recorded with regard to the impact of urinary dysfunction on quality of life as assessed using the USIQ questionnaire. Following multivariate analysis longer hospital stay was associated with increased risk of some degree of urinary dysfunction. Conclusions: Women undergoing total mesorectal excision have comparable results to partial mesorectal excision with regard to urinary dysfunction.
Predicting Early Allograft Dysfunction after Liver Transplantation from Post-Reperfusion Donor Liver Image
Authors: Ye Maodong , Su Weijie , Li Fangchong , Jie Yi , Chen Huadi , Chen Dehua , Luo Weixin , Li Xiaogang , Wang Dongping 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND:

To explore the relationship between early allograft dysfunction (EAD) and post-reperfusion liver appearance, and to develop image-based models which predict EAD and short-term mortality.
METHODS:

A total of 351 recipients of liver transplant were enrolled and divided into training set and testing set. Liver images of post-reperfusion donors and clinical information were collected. All the images were preprocessed. Support vector machines (SVM) and convolution neural network (CNN) models based on the texture analysis of post-reperfusion liver RGB images were constructed to predict EAD. Then, the model with a better performance was selected to construct further predictive models with additional inputs of clinical information. In addition, a score, namely image score, was assigned to each liver image based on the prediction probability from the CNN model. Further, the comparisons of outcomes among different image scores were performed.
RESULTS:

Out of the 351 enrolled recipients, 229 were in the training set while 122 in the testing set. CNN model achieved an AUC of 0.709 in testing set, outperforming the SVM model which has an AUC of 0.661. Further predictive model was based on the framework of the CNN model, where an AUC of 0.727 was obtained. Moreover, the lager image score was found to be relative to more postoperative infusion, more postoperative complication, the longer length of ICU and hospital stay.
CONCLUSION:

The post-reperfusion appearance of donor liver was associated with the occurrence of EAD. Moreover, it was feasible to predict EAD and patient outcomes through the texture analysis of post-reperfusion liver RGB images.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Maternal Mortality at a Tertiary Care Centre in Eastern Nepal- Retrospective Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Sitaula Sarita , Basnet Tulasa , Agrawal Ajay , Manandhar Tara , Das Dipti , Shrestha Prezma 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background:Maternal mortality ratio is an important public health indicator that reflects the quality of health care services. The prevalence is still high in developing countries than in the developed countries. This study aimed to determine the MMR and to identify the various risk factors and causes of maternal mortality.Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care center of Eastern Nepal from 16th July,2015 to 15th July 2020. Maternal mortality ratio per 100,000 live-births over 5 years of study period was calculated. The causes of death, delays of maternal mortality and different sociodemographic profiles were analyzed by descriptive statistics.Results:There were total of 55,667 deliveries conducted during the study period. The calculated maternal mortality ratio is 129.34 per 100,000 live-births in year 2015 to 2020. The mean age and gestational age of women having maternal deaths were 24.69 ±5.99 years and 36.15± 4.38 weeks of gestation respectively. The common causes of maternal deaths were obstetric hemorrhage, hypertensive disorder of pregnancy and sepsis. The leading contributory factors to the death were delay in seeking health care and delay in reaching health care facility (type I delay:40.84%).Conclusions:Despite the availability of comprehensive emergency obstetric care at our center, maternal mortality is still high and almost 75% of deaths were avoidable. The leading contributory factors were due to delay in seeking care and delayed referral from other health facilities. Contributory factors related to maternal mortality are preventable through combined safe motherhood strategies, prompt referral, active management of labor and puerperium.
Race Disparities in Mortality by Breast Cancer from 2000 to 2017 in São Paulo, Brazil: is it a Matter of Access to Care?
Authors: Marcelino Ana Cláudia , Gozzi Bruno , Filho Cassio Cardoso , Machado Helymar , Zeferino Luiz Carlos , Vale Diama Bhadra 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the influence of race on breast cancer mortality, this work aims to demonstrate the evolution of rates in the state of São Paulo, from 2000 to 2017, contextualizing with other causes of death. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional time-series study using age and race as variables. Information on deaths was collected from the Ministry of Health Information System. Only white and black/brown categories were used. Mortality rates were age-adjusted by the standard method. For statistical analysis trend-tests were carried out. Results In the period there were 60,940 deaths registered as breast cancer deaths, 46,365 in white and 10,588 in black women. The rates for 100,000 women in 2017 were 16.46 in white and 9.57 in black women, a trend to reduction in white (p=0.002), and to increase in black women (p=0.010). This effect was more significant for white women (p<0.001). The trend to reduction was consistent in all age-groups in white women, and the trend to increase was observed only in the 40-49 years group in black women. For ‘all-cancer causes’ the trend was to a reduction in white (p=0.031) and to increase in black women (p<0.001). For ‘ill-defined causes’ and ‘external causes’, the trend was to a reduction in both races (p<0.001). Conclusion Mortality rates due to breast cancer in São Paulo were influenced by race. The divergences observed between white and black women may indicate differentiated access to health resources, contributing to the inequities that exist in the health of the black population in our setting.
RET Proto-Oncogene Mutational Analysis in Patients With Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Damavandi Elia , Javadi-Arjmand Maliheh , Mohajeri-Tehrani Mohammad-Reza , Larijani Bagher , Kabuli Majid , Ghadami Mohsen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to identify germline mutation of the RET (rearranged during transfection) gene in patients with Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (MTC) and their first-degree relatives to find pre-symptomatic carriers for possible prophylactic thyroidectomy.Methods and results: We examined all six hot spot exons (exons 10, 11, 13, and 14-16) of the RET gene by PCR and bidirectional sanger sequencing in 45 Iranian patients with MTC (either sporadic or familial form) from 7 unrelated kindreds and 38 apparently sporadic cases. First-degree relatives of RET positive cases were also genotyped for index mutation. Moreover, pre-symptomatic carriers were referred to the endocrinologist for further clinical management and prophylactic thyroidectomy if needed. Overall, the genetic status of all of the participants was determined by RET mutation screening, including 61 affected individuals, 22 pre-symptomatic carriers and 29 genetically healthy subjects. In 37.5% (17 of 45) of the MTC referral index patients, seven distinct RET germline mutations were found, including p.C634R (35.3%), p.M918T (17.6%), p.C634Y (11.8%), p.C634F (5.9%), p.C611Y (5.9%), p.C618R (5.9%), p.C630R (5.9%), p.L790F (5.9%) and an uncertain variant p.V648I (5.9%). Conclusion: RET mutation detection is a promising/golden screening test and provides an accurate pre-symptomatic diagnostic test for at-risk carriers (the siblings and offspring of the patients) to consider prophylactic thyroidectomy. Thus, mutation screening of the RET hot spot exons could be suggested for any MTC patient to find pre-symptomatic RET carriers in their relatives.