bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols dietversustraditional dietary advice for functional dyspepsia: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Goyal Omesh , Nohria Sahil , Batta Shaveta , Dhaliwal Armaan , Goyal Prerna , Sood Ajit 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and AimProspective trials evaluating efficacy of specific diet restriction in functional dyspepsia (FD) are scarce. We aimed to assess efficacy of low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP) diet in FD, compared with traditional dietary advice (TDA).MethodsIn this prospective, single‐blind trial, patients with FD (Rome IV) were randomized into low FODMAP diet (LFD) and TDA groups, for 4 weeks (phase I). In phase II (4–12 weeks), LFD group was advised systematic re‐introduction of FODMAPs. Symptom severity and quality of life were assessed using “Short‐Form Nepean Dyspepsia Index (SF‐NDI).” Primary outcome was symptomatic response (symptom score reduction of ≥ 50%), at 4 weeks. Study was registered with CTRI (2019/06/019852).ResultsOf 184 patients screened, 105 were randomized to LFD (n = 54) and TDA (n = 51) groups. At 4 weeks, both groups showed significant reduction in SF‐NDI symptom scores compared with baseline, with no significant difference in inter‐group response rates [LFD: 66.7% (36/54); TDA: 56.9% (29/51);P = 0.32]. On sub‐group analysis, patients with postprandial distress syndrome or bloating had significantly better symptomatic response with LFD (P = 0.04). SF‐NDI quality of life scores improved significantly in both groups. On multivariate analysis, factors predicting response to LFD were bloating and male gender. Incidences of adverse events (minor) were similar in both groups.ConclusionsIn patients with FD, LFD and TDA lead to significant symptomatic and quality of life improvement. Patients with postprandial distress syndrome or bloating respond significantly better to LFD. Therefore, dietary advice for FD should be individualized according to FD subtype.
Organizing cultural dimensions within and across six frameworks: A human development perspective
Authors: Yeganeh Kia Hamid 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper aims to organize and classify cultural dimensions within and across six widely‐employed cultural frameworks by relying on modernization theory and the human development perspective. The study adopts a 4‐stage approach. In stage 1, the cultural dimensions in each framework are dichotomized. In stage 2, using Aristotelian categories, cultural dimensions are divided into meaningful hierarchical categories based on their essential features. In stage 3, cultural dimensions are organized according to modernization theory and human development perspective. In stage 4, the inter‐correlations are calculated, and an integrative model of cultural dimensions is proposed. The paper offers insights into the dynamics of cultural values and discusses the relationship between culture, social change, human development, and modernization.
Petrology and geochemistry of lunar feldspathic meteorite Northwest Africa 11111: Insights into the lithology of the lunar farside highlands
Authors: Fu Xiaohui , Cao Haijun , Chen Jian , Hou Xuting , Ling Zongcheng , Xu Lin , Zou Yongliao , Tang Chipui , Hsu Weibiao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe performed a petrological, mineralogical, and geochemical study of the lunar feldspathic meteorite Northwest Africa (NWA) 11111. This meteorite contains several types of lithic clasts, including feldspathic clasts, mafic‐rich clasts, granulites, impact melt breccias, minor basaltic clasts, and highly evolved clasts cemented in a recrystallized fine grain matrix. Both mineral chemistry and geochemical characteristics indicate a lunar origin for NWA 11111. The bulk analysis suggests that NWA 11111 is a typical feldspathic lunar meteorite, which is consistent with its large population of anorthositic clasts and plagioclase fragments. A comparison of geochemical data made by lunar orbiter missions indicates that this meteorite was likely launched from the Feldspathic Highland Terrane on the lunar farside. The chemical zoning, coupled with extensive exsolution lamellae (up to 20 μm in width) occurring in pyroxene across three sections of NWA 11111, demonstrates that this meteorite contains components derived from the surface to about 10 km of lunar crust. Magnesian anorthosite clasts are commonly present in the meteorite, indicating that magnesian anorthosite probably represents an important lithology in the lunar farside crust. Basaltic clasts in NWA 11111 range from a very low‐Ti to a low‐Ti mare basalt, possibly representing cryptomare on the lunar farside. Although a KREEPy signature for NWA 11111 is not evident, highly evolved clasts containing various silica polymorphs and/or K‐feldspar are present. They may originate from late‐stage residual liquids. Lithic clasts and mineral fragments within NWA 11111 provide new insights into the diversity of lunar crust lithology and magmatic processes on the lunar farside. This meteorite also offers rocky materials from a wide vertical section of lunar crust.
A window into racial and socioeconomic status disparities in preschool disciplinary action using developmental methodology
Authors: Sabol Terri J. , Kessler Courtenay L. , Rogers Leoandra Onnie , Petitclerc Amelie , Silver Jamilah , Briggs‐Gowan Margaret , Wakschlag Lauren S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThere are large differences in expulsions and suspensions on the basis of race starting in preschool and divergent explanations for their cause. The current study explores how developmental methodology can shed light on this vexing issue. We leverage two measures: (1) childcare provider complaints about children's behavior and their recommended disciplinary action (measured by parent report); and (2) observed disruptive behavior measured by a laboratory‐based standardized observation tool, the Disruptive Behavior Diagnostic Observation Schedule (DB‐DOS), among a large, sociodemographically diverse sample of children (n 430; mean age 4.79 years). We identified three latent class profiles on the basis of race/socioeconomic status (SES) and found disparities in childcare provider complaints based on profile membership. More specifically, children classified in the Black/Hispanic, poor and Black, nonpoor profiles both had significantly higher childcare provider complaints compared with children in the White/Hispanic, nonpoor profile. By contrast, there were no differences in observed disruptive behavior based on race/SES profiles. Finally, childcare provider complaints in preschool were associated with lower cognitive performance in elementary school, above and beyond observed disruptive behavior in preschool and race/SES profiles. Implications for classroom practice and contributions to the national debate on school disciplinary policies are discussed.
CRISPR‐Cas9 mediated OsMIR168a knockout reveals its pleiotropy in rice
Authors: Zhou Jianping , Zhang Rui , Jia Xinyu , Tang Xu , Guo Yachong , Yang Han , Zheng Xuelian , Qian Qian , Qi Yiping , Zhang Yong 
Published: September 2021

SummaryMicroRNA168 (MIR168) is a key miRNA that targets the main RNA‐induced silencing complex component Argonaute 1 (AGO1) to regulate plant growth and environmental stress responses. However, the regulatory functions of MIR168 need to be further elucidated in rice. In this paper, we generated clean OsMIR168a deletion mutants by CRISPR‐Cas9 strategy. We then phenotypically and molecularly characterized these mutants. The rice OsMIR168a mutants grew rapidly at the seedling stage, produced more tillers and matured early. Compared to the wild‐type plants, the mutants were shorter at maturity and produced smaller spikelets and seeds. Analysis of gene expression showed that the transcription levels of OsMIR168a’s target genes such as OsAGO1a, OsAGO1b and OsAGO1d were elevated significantly in the OsMIR168a mutants. Intriguingly, OsAGO18, a member of a new AGO clade that is conserved in monocots, was confirmed to be a target of OsMIR168a not only by informatic prediction but also by expression analysis and a cell‐based cleavage assay in the OsMIR168a mutants. Many protein‐coding genes and miRNAs showed differential expression in the OsMIR168a mutants, suggesting OsMIR168a exerts a major transcriptional regulatory role, likely through its potential target genes such as OsAGO1s and OsAGO18. KEGG enrichment analysis of these differentially expressed genes pointed to OsMIR168a’s involvement in important processes such as plant hormone signalling transduction and plant–pathogen interaction. These data collectively support that the complex regulation module of OsMIR168a‐OsAGO1/OsAGO18‐miRNAs‐target genes contributes to agronomically important traits, which sheds light on miRNA‐mediated crop breeding.
On the existence and regularity of solutions of semihyperbolic patches to 2‐D Euler equations with van der Waals gas
Authors: Barthwal Rahul , Raja Sekhar T. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article is concerned in establishing the existence and regularity of solution of semihyperbolic patch problem for two‐dimensional isentropic Euler equations with van der Waals gas. This type of solution appears in the transonic flow over an airfoil and Guderley reflection and is very common in the numerical solution of Riemann problems. We use the idea of characteristic decomposition and bootstrap method to prove the existence of a global smooth solution, which is uniformly continuous up to the sonic curve. We also prove that the sonic curve is continuous. Further, we show the formation of shock as an envelope for positive characteristics before reaching their sonic points.
Use of confocal microscopy imaging for in vitro assessment of adipose‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells seeding on acellular dermal matrices: 3D reconstruction based on collagen autofluorescence
Authors: Paganelli Alessia , Tarentini Elisabetta , Benassi Luisa , Scelfo Daniel , Pisciotta Alessandra , Rossi Elena , Magnoni Cristina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundBoth mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) represent fascinating therapeutic tools in the wound healing scenario. Strategies aimed at combining these two treatment modalities are currently under investigation. Moreover, scarcity of quantitative, nondestructive techniques for quality assessment of engineered tissues poses great limitations in regenerative medicine and collagen autofluorescence‐based imaging techniques are acquiring great importance in this setting.ObjectiveOur goals were to assess the in vitro interactions between ADSCs and ADMs and to analyze extracellular‐matrix production.MethodsAdipose‐derived MSCs (ADSC) were plated on 8‐mm punch biopsies of a commercially available ADM (Integra®). Conventional histology with hematoxylin‐eosin staining, environmental scanning electron microscopy, and confocal‐laser scanning microscopy were used to obtain imaging of ADSC‐seeded ADMs. Collagen production by ADSCs was quantified by mean fluorescence intensity (MFI), expressed in terms of positive pixels/field, obtained through ImageJ software processing of three‐dimensional projections from confocal scanning images. Control conditions included: fibroblast‐seeded ADM, ADSC‐ and fibroblast‐induced scaffolds, and Integra® alone.ResultsADSCs were efficiently seeded on Integra® and were perfectly incorporated in the pores of the scaffold. Collagen production was revealed to be significantly higher when ADSCs were seeded on ADM rather than in all other control conditions. Collagen autofluorescence was efficiently used as a surrogate marker of ECM production.ConclusionsCombined therapies based on MSCs and collagenic ADMs are promising therapeutic options for chronic wounds. Not only ADSCs can be efficiently seeded on ADMs, but ADMs also seem to potentiate their regenerative properties, as highlightable from fluorescence confocal imaging.
Approaches to investigate crop responses to ozone pollution: from O3‐FACE to satellite‐enabled modeling
Authors: Montes Christopher M. , Demler Hannah J. , Li Shuai , Martin Duncan G. , Ainsworth Elizabeth A. 
Published: September 2021

SUMMARYOzone (O3) is a damaging air pollutant to crops. As one of the most reactive oxidants known, O3 rapidly forms other reactive oxygen species (ROS) once it enters leaves through stomata. Those ROS in turn can cause oxidative stress, reduce photosynthesis, accelerate senescence, and decrease crop yield. To improve and adapt our feed, fuel, and food supply to rising O3 pollution, a number of Free Air Concentration Enrichment (O3‐FACE) facilities have been developed around the world and have studied key staple crops. In this review, we provide an overview of the FACE facilities and highlight some of the lessons learned from the last two decades of research. We discuss the differences between C3 and C4 crop responses to elevated O3, the possible trade‐off between productivity and protection, genetic variation in O3 response within and across species, and how we might leverage this observed variation for crop improvement. We also highlight the need to improve understanding of the interaction between rising O3 pollution and other aspects of climate change, notably drought. Finally, we propose the use of globally modeled O3 data that are available at increasing spatial and temporal resolutions to expand upon the research conducted at the limited number of global O3‐FACE facilities.
Weed germinable seedbanks of rice–wheat systems in the Eastern Indo‐Gangetic Plains: Do tillage and edaphic factors explain community variation?
Authors: Lowry Carolyn J. , Brainard Daniel C. , Kumar Virender , Smith Richard G. , Singh Madhulika , Kumar Pankaj , Kumar Ajay , Kumar Vipin , Joon Rajiv K. , Jat Raj K. , Poonia Shishpal , Malik Ram K. , McDonald Andrew 
Published: September 2021

AbstractZero tillage (ZT) is widely promoted throughout India's Eastern Indo‐Gangetic Plains (IGP) because of its potential to increase wheat productivity and resilience to abiotic stresses. Weeds remain a major barrier to ZT adoption, yet it remains unclear how ZT will influence weed communities in the Eastern‐IGP. The primary objective of this study was to characterise the composition of the germinable weed seedbank sampled just prior to the wheat phase of rice–wheat farms in Bihar and Eastern Uttar Pradesh, and examine whether adoption of ZT wheat has shifted weed community composition compared to conventional tillage (CT). Additionally, we examined whether edaphic properties and topography (upland vs. lowland) explain variation in germinable weed seedbank communities. In December 2014, we evaluated the germinable seedbank from 72 fields differing in their historic (>=3 year) tillage practices (ZT vs. CT) in three regions: Samastipur–Vaishali–Muzaffarpur (SVM), Ara–Buxar and Maharajgunj–Kushinagar. Weed community composition and species richness varied by region and topography. ZT adoption was associated with lower relative density of Chenopodium album in the germinable seedbank and lower emergence of Phalaris minor seedlings within farmers’ fields. In upland topographies of the SVM region, ZT adoption was also associated with greater relative abundance of Solanum nigrum in the weed seedbank. However, differences between tillage systems in individual species were not large enough to result in detection of differences at the whole‐community level. Variation in edaphic properties, most notably soil texture and pH, explained 51% of the variation in the weed seedbank community. Our work suggests several frequent but poorly understood species (e.g. Mazus pumilus and Grangea maderaspatana) in Eastern IGP for which future research should quantify their effects on crop yields. Finally, future work surveying weed species abundance at harvest could further determine the dominant problematic species in these regions.
Nonlinear Analysis of a Class of Inversion-Based Compliant Cross-Spring Pivots
Authors: Li Shiyao , Hao Guangbo , Chen Yingyue , Zhu Jiaxiang , Berselli Giovanni 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This article presents a nonlinear model of an inversion-based generalized cross-spring pivot (IG-CSP) using the beam constraint model (BCM), which can be employed for the geometric error analysis and the characteristic analysis of an inversion-based symmetric cross-spring pivot (IS-CSP). The load-dependent effects are classified into two ways, including the structure load-dependent effects and beam load-dependent effects, where the loading positions, geometric parameters of elastic flexures, and axial forces are the main contributing factors. The closed-form load–rotation relationships of an IS-CSP and a noninversion-based symmetric cross-spring pivot (NIS-CSP) are derived with consideration of the three contributing factors for analyzing the load-dependent effects. The load-dependent effects of IS-CSP and NIS-CSP are compared when the loading position is fixed. The rotational stiffness of the IS-CSP or NIS-CSP can be designed to increase, decrease, or remain constant with axial forces, by regulating the balance between the loading positions and the geometric parameters. The closed-form solution of the center shift of an IS-CSP is derived. The effects of axial forces on the IS-CSP center shift are analyzed and compared with those of a NIS-CSP. Finally, based on the nonlinear analysis results of IS-CSP and NIS-CSP, two new compound symmetric cross-spring pivots are presented and analyzed via analytical and finite element analysis models.
Study on the Degradation Mechanism of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Based on a Constant Voltage Cold Start Mode
Authors: Yang Yanbo , Ma Tiancai , Pei Fenglai , Lin Weikang , Wang Kai , Du Boyu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The constant voltage cold start of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is usually operated at a low start-voltage in order to ensure high heat generation, which can shorten the process of the PEMFC cold start. However, the effect of constant voltage cold start on the durability of PEMFC is still unclear. Thus, in this work, the PEMFC is tested repeatedly at a low start-voltage to simulate its actual operating state in the vehicle. Then, the effect of the PEMFC durability under constant voltage cold start is investigated by polarization curve, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope, and ion chromatography. After the repeatedly cold start, the output performance of the PEMFC decreases significantly. According to the characterization results, the degradation mechanism of the PEMFC at the constant voltage cold start is demonstrated to be that the PEMFC start-up repeatedly at low start-voltage leads to the decomposition of membrane polymer structure and promotes the crossover of H2. Meanwhile, the PEMFC start-up repeatedly at low start-voltage also leads to the agglomeration of catalysts, which reduces the active area of catalysts and ultimately results in the degradation of fuel cell performance. Above all, this study proves that the durability of PEMFC can be shortened by the constant voltage cold start at 0.1 V, which provides a reference for the development of the PEMFC cold start control strategy.
Identifying the Market Scenarios for Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles
Authors: Noaman Mohamed , Awad Omar , Morosuk Tatiana , Tsatsaronis George , Salomo Søren 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The technology management methods and the “technology foresight” allow organizations and stakeholders in a particular market/sector to create an advantage out of technological breakthroughs, sustain and expand technological competitiveness, and identify and evaluate new technological options. Several concepts are used depending mainly on the actual status of an evaluated technology. To identify the status of the supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) power generation technologies, an extensive “technology exploration” task was performed by creating a technology profile through collecting a database. This allowed for creating technological forecasts “scenario approach” for the sCO2 power cycles. In this article, the sCO2 power technology is explored, evaluated in relation to current commercial competitive power generation technologies, and forecasted to give an insight into future trends of the novel sCO2 power cycle in the future market. The outcome is the analysis of qualitative and quantitative data of the sCO2 technology for short- to long-term forecasts, which could help identify the economic and market value of the sCO2 power cycle. Three possible market scenarios were identified and combined with a survey distributed among experts to assess different market penetration levels of the sCO2 technology.
Experimentation and Performance Analysis of Solar-Assisted Heat Pump Dryer for Intermittent Drying of Food Chips
Authors: Singh Akhilesh , Sarkar Jahar , Sahoo Rashmi Rekha 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A solar-assisted heat pump (HP) dryer is fabricated for intermittent drying. The experiment is performed for different intermittency ratios for radish drying using future refrigerant, R1234yf. The effect of total drying time (on-period + off-period) on various energetic, exergetic, and economic performances is investigated. Radish chips were dried to extract moisture from 92.4% to 11.9%. Energy efficiency and drying efficiency (DE) are estimated higher for a lower intermittency ratio. The moisture extraction rate (MER) and the specific moisture extraction rate (SMER) are higher for intermittent drying as compared with continuous drying and increase with a decrease in intermittency ratio. The economic analysis concludes that the payback period is lower for a lower intermittency ratio. The payback period for intermittency ratio of 1, 0.66, 0.33, and 0.2 are estimated as 1.617 years, 1.459 years, 1.384 years, and 1.347 years, respectively. Present experimental thermoeconomic analysis reveals that intermittent drying is much better (maximum enhancement of specific moisture extraction rate is 60.6%, that of energy efficiency is 56.4% and maximum reduction of drying cost is 37.9% with studied conditions) than continuous drying.
Influence of Water Level on the Exit of Climbing Perch Anabas testudineus out of the Water and Specific Features of Its Movements
Authors: Pavlov E. D. , Pavlov D. S. , Ganzha E. V. , Kostin V. V. , Dien Tran Duc 
Published: September 2021

Abstract—
The study presents the behavior and movement characteristics of climbing perch Anabas testudineus in the “dry maze” installation. Two types of behavior were identified in climbing perch when the water level in the starting tank decreases to the critical value: waiting (often in a compact group at the bottom of the starting tank) or exit to ashore (land) and moving (migration). Movements usually take place in a group of two to four individuals. The fish chose a tank with the water randomly and remained there until the end of the experiment. If individuals become to an empty tank, they, as a rule, leave it and continue to search for water. Thus, the search for a new waterbody is determining the terrestrial migration of climbing perch.