bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinguishing neighborhood and individual social risk factors in health care
Authors: Beckett Megan K. , Martino Steven C. , Agniel Denis , Mathews Megan , Hudson Scholle Sarah , James Cara , Wilson‐Frederick Shondelle , Orr Nate , Darabidian Biayna , Elliott Marc N. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate (a) the magnitude of the independent associations of neighborhood‐level and person‐level social risk factors (SRFs) with quality, (b) whether neighborhood‐level SRF associations may be proxies for person‐level SRF associations, and (c) how the association of person‐level SRFs and quality varies by neighborhood‐level SRFs.Data sources2015–2016 Medicare Advantage HEDIS data, Medicare beneficiary administrative data, and 2016 American Community Survey (ACS).Study designMixed effects linear regression models (1) estimated overall inequities by neighborhood‐level and person‐level SRFs, (2) compared neighborhood‐level associations to person‐level associations, and (3) tested the interactions of person‐level SRFs with corresponding neighborhood‐level SRFs.Data collection/extraction methodsBeneficiary‐level SES and disability administrative data and five‐year ACS neighborhood‐level SRF information were each linked to HEDIS data.Principal findingsFor all or nearly all HEDIS measures, quality was worse in neighborhoods lower in SES and in neighborhoods with higher proportions of residents with a disability. Quality by neighborhood racial and ethnic composition was mixed. Accounting for corresponding person‐level SRFs reduced neighborhood SRF associations by 25% for disability, 43% for SES, and 74%–102% for racial and ethnic groups. Person‐level SRF coefficients were not consistently reduced in models that added neighborhood‐level SRFs. In 19 of 35 instances, there were significant (p < 0.05) interactions between neighborhood‐level and corresponding person‐level SRFs. Significant interactions were always positive for disability, SES, Black, and Hispanic, indicating more negative neighborhood effects for people with SRFs that did not match their neighborhood and more positive neighborhood effects for people with SRFs that matched their neighborhood.ConclusionsRelying solely on neighborhood‐level SRF models that omit similar person‐level SRFs overattributes inequities to neighborhood characteristics. Neighborhood‐level characteristics account for much less variation in these measures' scores than similar person‐level SRFs. Inequity‐reduction programs may be most effective when targeting neighborhoods with a high proportion of people with a given SRF.
Human height estimation from highly distorted surveillance image
Authors: Tosti Francesco , Nardinocchi Carla , Wahbeh Wissam , Ciampini Claudio , Marsella Maria , Lopes Pierpaolo , Giuliani Samuele 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVideo surveillance camera (VSC) is an important source of information during investigations especially if used as a tool for the extraction of verified and reliable forensic measurements. In this study, some aspects of human height extraction from VSC video frames are analyzed with the aim of identifying and mitigating error sources that can strongly affect the measurement. More specifically, those introduced by lens distortion are present in wide‐field‐of‐view lens such as VSCs. A weak model, which is not able to properly describe and correct the lens distortion, could introduce systematic errors. This study focuses on the aspect of camera calibration to verify human height extraction by Amped FIVE software, which is adopted by the Forensic science laboratories of Carabinieri Force (RaCIS), Italy. A stable and reliable approach of camera calibration is needed since investigators have to deal with different cameras while inspecting the crime scene. The performance of the software in correcting distorted images is compared with a technique of single view self‐calibration. Both approaches were applied to several frames acquired by a fish‐eye camera and then measuring the height of five different people. Moreover, two actual cases, both characterized by common low‐resolution and distorted images, were also analyzed. The height of four known persons was measured and used as reference value for validation. Results show no significant difference between the two calibration approaches working with fish‐eye camera in test field, while evidence of differences was found in the measurement on the actual cases.
Clinicopathological and prognostic implications of ALK rearrangement in patients with completely surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Huan , Shan Guangyao , Cai Benjie , Bi Guoshu , Chen Zhencong , Liang Jiaqi , Besskaya Valeria , Zheng Yuansheng , Guo Weigang , Wang Lin , Xu Songtao , Zhan Cheng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe prognostic significance of ALK rearrangement is still contradictory. Here, we aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of lung adenocarcinoma patients with ALK rearrangement, and analyze whether these patients benefited from targeted therapy.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of 80 ALK‐rearranged lung adenocarcinoma patients who had undergone radical surgery and another 3031 ALK mutation‐negative patients were retrospectively reviewed for inclusion in this case‐controlled analyses. Overall survival (OS) was evaluated using the Kaplan‐–Meier method. Univariate analysis (UVA) and multivariate analysis (MVA) by the Cox proportional hazards regression identified risk factors that predicted OS.ResultsCompared to ALK‐negative patients, the ALK rearranged patients were younger, with more non‐smokers, more females, a larger primary tumor was demonstrated, and were a higher pathological stage. In particular, the risk of lymph node metastasis was higher. For patients with surgically‐resected tumors, the prognosis was better for ALK rearranged patients (HR = 0.503; 95% CI: 0.259–0.974, p = 0.041). In addition, for stage II–III patients, targeted therapy was an independent prognostic factor of better OS (HR = 0.159; 95% CI: 0.032–0.801, p = 0.026).ConclusionsALK rearranged lung adenocarcinoma patients who have undergone radical surgery have distinct clinical features. Patients with ALK rearrangement may have a favorable prognosis, and stage II–III patients may benefit from targeted treatment.
Effectiveness of anlotinib in patients with small‐cell lung cancer and pleural effusion: Subgroup analysis from a randomized, multicenter, phase II study
Authors: Liu Ying , Cheng Ying , Wang Qiming , Li Kai , Shi Jianhua , Wu Lin , Han Baohui , Chen Gongyan , He Jianxing , Wang Jie , Qin Haifeng , Li Xiaoling 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe presence of pleural effusion is an independent predictor for poor survival in patients with small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC). The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of anlotinib in patients with SCLC and pleural effusion.MethodsThis was a randomized, double‐blind, multicenter, phase II trial. Patients histologically diagnosed with SCLC and pleural effusion and had received at least two lines of chemotherapy were enrolled into the study. The patients received anlotinib 12 mg/day or a placebo.ResultsThe overall response rate (ORR) was 3.7% for anlotinib (n = 27) and 0% in the placebo group (n = 15) (p = 1.000). The disease control rate (DCR) of the anlotinib group (63.0%) was higher than that of the placebo group (0%, p < 0.0001). The median progression‐free survival (PFS) increased in the anlotinib group (2.8 months) compared to the placebo group (0.7 months, HR = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.03–0.28, p < 0.001). The median overall survival of the anlotinib group (6.5 months) was higher than that of the placebo group (2.8 months, HR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.22–1.23, p = 0.1285). The incidence of any grade adverse events was 100% in both groups. The percentage of grade 3–4 adverse events in the anlotinib group was 44.4% (12/27) compared to 40.0% (6/15) in the placebo group. Hypertension (37.0%), fatigue (29.6%), and loss of appetite (29.6%) typically appeared in the anlotinib group.ConclusionsIn this post hoc analysis, anlotinib was associated with improved PFS in patients with SCLC and baseline pleural effusion. However, additional studies with a large sample size are necessary to substantiate the current findings.
What do dental students value about their rural placements—Is clinical experience enough?
Authors: Koedyk Caroline , Satur Julie , Vaughan Brett 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesMelbourne Dental School’s (MDS) rural dental clinical placement program operates in two Victorian rural areas and offers final year dental students an integrated program of practical clinical experience and rural lifestyle exposure. The objective of this study was to understand the student’s experiences to determine whether they increased the likelihood of them seeking rural employment after graduation.DesignThe University of Melbourne final year dental students attended 5‐week mandatory rural clinical placements in 2018 and 2019. At the completion of their placement, students were invited to complete an anonymous questionnaire about their experiences, which had both quantitative and qualitative questions. This study examined the qualitative data using thematic analysis to identify common themes.SettingRural clinical dental placements at Goulburn Valley Health and Latrobe Community Health Service.ParticipantsFinal year dentistry and oral health students.InterventionsClinical placement evaluation questionnaire.Main outcome measuresTo examine dental students interest in rural practicepost rural clinical placement.ResultsOf the 129 students who completed the survey, 116 completed the open‐ended questions and four themes were identified. Rich clinical experience; social capital; rural life and infrastructure. High levels of satisfaction were reported across all themes.ConclusionThis study demonstrated the rural clinical program to be a positive and enjoyable placement which increased dental students’ clinical practice experience and their interest in considering rural practice upon graduation. Exposure to rural lifestyle and supportive clinical and social relationships were shown to be important influences. The current survey can benefit from refinement and further research following up MDS graduate workplace locations is recommended.
Consequences of mechanical pupil dilation, a study based on the Swedish national cataract register
Authors: Kreku Ruben , Behndig Anders 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeTo describe the outcomes and demographics of patients undergoing mechanical pupil dilation (MPD) during cataract surgery.SettingAll cataract procedures performed in Umeå University Hospital and Sunderbyn, Gällivare and Piteå hospitals reported to the Swedish National Cataract Register (NCR) during 2013–2019.DesignRetrospective cohort study based on the Swedish NCR and electronic patient records.MethodsThe number of control visits, pre‐ and postoperative visual acuities, surgical complications/intraoperative difficulties, ocular comorbidities and postoperative treatment regimens were retrieved for all cataract procedures with MPD. For each procedure, the consecutive procedure in the NCR from the same clinic without MPD was chosen to form a control group. A multinominal regression analysis with MPD as the dependent variable was performed to identify factors and outcomes independently associated with MPD.ResultsA total of 25 349 patients aged 18–97 years underwent cataract surgery in these hospitals during the study period. Of these, 653 (2.6%) had MPD. Factors such as pseudoexfoliations and capsule staining were over‐represented among MPD eyes. As a group, eyes with MPD had more postoperative visits and more postoperative anti‐inflammatory drops, and more frequently needed augmentation of the anti‐inflammatory treatment at the first postoperative visit.ConclusionsMPD is independently associated with a more complicated intra‐ and postoperative course with more follow‐up visits and requires more anti‐inflammatory treatment postoperatively. This information could be added to the postoperative counselling, and more postoperative anti‐inflammatory treatment could be considered in cases with MPD.
Temporal turnover of the soil microbiome composition is guild‐specific
Authors: Martinović Tijana , Odriozola Iñaki , Mašínová Tereza , Doreen Bahnmann Barbara , Kohout Petr , Sedlák Petr , Merunková Kristina , Větrovský Tomáš , Tomšovský Michal , Ovaskainen Otso , Baldrian Petr 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough spatial and temporal variation are both important components structuring microbial communities, the exact quantification of temporal turnover rates of fungi and bacteria has not been performed to date. In this study, we utilised repeated resampling of bacterial and fungal communities at specific locations across multiple years to describe their patterns and rates of temporal turnover. Our results show that microbial communities undergo temporal change at a rate of 0.010–0.025 per year (in units of Sorensen similarity), and the change in soil is slightly faster in fungi than in bacteria, with bacterial communities changing more rapidly in litter than soil. Importantly, temporal development differs across fungal guilds and bacterial phyla with different ecologies. While some microbial guilds show consistent responses across regional locations, others show site‐specific development with weak general patterns. These results indicate that guild‐level resolution is important for understanding microbial community assembly, dynamics and responses to environmental factors.
Squamous gastric ulceration complicated by gastric stenosis in a foal
Authors: Witt P. , de Kroon L. , Ankringa N. , Delany M. , van Bruggen L. W. L. , van den Boom R. , Sloet van Oldruitenborgh‐Oosterbaan M. M. , Siegers E. W. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryA 2‐month‐old Warmblood colt presented with recurrent colic and regurgitation. Gastroscopy, performed on several occasions, and barium‐contrast radiography revealed severe squamous gastric ulceration and stenosis at the level of the margo plicatus. Treatment with omeprazole reduced the extent and severity of the gastric ulcers but did not affect the stenosis. The foal was euthanised because of a poor prognosis, and post‐mortem examination confirmed the clinical diagnosis. Severe squamous gastric ulceration, granulation tissue formation and cicatrisation of deep gastric lesions were considered to have caused the stenosis. Gastroduodenal outflow obstruction is a recognised disorder in foals, but stenosis at the level of the margo plicatus has not been reported in foals or adult horses. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of severe squamous gastric ulceration, complicated by stenosis at the level of the margo plicatus, in a foal. Although rare, gastric stenosis should be considered in foals suffering recurrent colic and regurgitation.
Distribution and protection of avian specialization in Europe
Authors: Benedetti Yanina , Morelli Federico , Callaghan Corey T. , Fuller Richard 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimWe assessed the spatial distribution of four different types of avian specialization throughout Europe, identifying landscape features associated with specialization and quantifying where the Natura 2000 network intersects with areas of high avian specialization.LocationEurope.Time periodPresent day.Taxa studiedEuropean breeding birds.MethodsWe used the European Atlas of breeding birds and four avian specialization measures (diet, foraging behaviour, foraging substrate and habitat). We calculated specialization richness and identified geographical hotspots for each of these ecological traits. We tested whether elevational gradient, landscape heterogeneity or dominant land use predicted each type of specialization richness. We determined which types of European protected areas are most associated with higher specialization richness.ResultsDiet and foraging substrate specialists increased with elevation, whereas richness of foraging behavioural specialists decreased. There was a greater richness of dietary and habitat specialists in forests than in other environments. The Natura 2000 areas declared under Bird and both directives (Birds and Habitats) intersected with a high dietary, foraging substrate and habitat specialist richness. The richness of foraging behaviour specialists was high in Birds directive areas. Single and multiple hotspots of specialization were greater in protected than non‐protected areas. However, almost 30% of specialization hotspots did not intersect with protected areas.Main conclusionsOur findings suggest that higher levels of avian specialization in Europe are positively associated with elevation and forested land cover. Importantly, we found that the Natura 2000 network supports all types of avian ecological specialization, albeit mainly in areas declared under both directives.
Accuracy of Flowmeters Measuring Horizontal Flow in Fractured‐Rock Simulators
Authors: Bayless E. Randall 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLaboratory evaluations of flowmeter response to flow in fractured‐rock simulators are needed to improve understanding of data collected in field settings. The ability of flowmeters to accurately measure the velocity and direction of water flowing between parallel plates was used as a surrogate for instrument response in fractured‐rock aquifers. A colloidal borescope flowmeter and a heat‐pulse flowmeter were deployed in a fractured rock simulator with 4‐inch and 6‐inch inner‐diameter, uncased wells with 0.39‐ and 1.0‐inch fracture apertures and groundwater velocities from 35 to 975 ft/d. The colloidal borescope measurements and applied velocities were positively correlated in all wells and apertures (the coefficient of determination [r2] = 0.61–0.89) and most accurately measured direction at higher velocities. The mean directional error in colloidal borescope measurements was less than 17° in 6‐inch wells and 31° in the 4‐inch wells at velocities between 92 and 958 ft/d. Heat‐pulse flowmeter measurements were 0.001 to 0.004 times less than applied rates and may indicate that water was moving around rather than through the instrument's integrated packer. The mean directional error of heat‐pulse flowmeter measurements were about 18 and 42° in the 0.39‐ and 1.0‐inch fractures, respectively, for groundwater velocities within the manufacturer's suggested range of application (0.5–100 ft/d). Measurements made at vertical increments and fracture positions in the well using the colloidal borescope indicate that laminar flow occurs within the central 50% of the fracture but measurements above or below are likely affected by eddy currents.
Proximate, mineral, amino acid composition, phenolic profile, antioxidant and functional properties of oilseed cakes
Authors: Kaur Manpreet , Singh Balwinder , Kaur Amritpal , Singh Narpinder 
Published: October 2021

SummaryProximate, minerals, amino acids (AAs), phenolic composition, antioxidant and functional properties of flaxseed (FSC), sesame (SSC), mustard (MSC), nigella (NSC) and groundnut (GSC) seedcakes were studied. SSC exhibited higher ash and fat contents while GSC and FSC had more protein and mineral contents (P, Mg, Mn and Cu), respectively. The total flavonoids, phenolics and antioxidant activity were higher in NSC (18.60 mg QE g−1), MSC (5.12 mg GAE g−1) and FSC (12.28 µmol TE g−1), respectively. NSC exhibited the highest oil absorption capacity (2.10 g g−1) and emulsifying activity index (89.52 m2 g−1). Twenty‐one AAs including citrulline and ɣ‐aminobutyric acid were detected in oilseed cakes (OSC). MSC had more essential AAs (methionine, isoleucine, tryptophan, threonine and lysine) while GSC had more total hydrophobic, acidic and basic AAs. Syringic acid and rutin were identified as major phenolic compounds in GSC and MSC, respectively. The total free phenolic acids were more in GSC while FSC had high total bound phenolic acids and flavonoids. OSC can be utilised in food products as a supplement to improve nutritional properties.
Tuning stoichiometry of high‐entropy oxides for tailorable thermal expansion coefficients and low thermal conductivity
Authors: Xu Liang , Su Lei , Wang Hongjie , Gao Hongfei , Lu De , Peng Kang , Niu Min , Cai Zhixin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThermal barrier coating materials with proper thermal expansion coefficient (TEC), low thermal conductivity, and good high‐temperature stability are of great significance for their applications in next‐generation turbine engines. Herein, we report a new class of high‐entropy (La0.2Sm0.2Er0.2Yb0.2Y0.2)2CexO3+2xwith different Ce4+contents synthesized by a solid‐state reaction method. They exhibit different crystal structures at different Ce4+content, including a bixbyite single phase without Ce4+doping (x = 0), bixbyite‐fluorite dual‐phase in the RE2O3‐rich region (0 < x < 2), and fluorite single phase in the stoichiometric (x = 2) and CeO2‐rich region (x> 2). The high‐entropy (La0.2Sm0.2Er0.2Yb0.2Y0.2)2CexO3+2xexhibit tailorable TECs at a large range of 9.04 × 10–6–13.12 × 10–6°C–1and engineered low thermal conductivity of 1.79–2.63 W·m–1·K–1. They also possess good sintering resistance and high‐temperature phase stability. These results reveal that the high‐entropy (La0.2Sm0.2Er0.2Yb0.2Y0.2)2CexO3+2xare promising candidates for thermal barrier coating materials as well as thermally insulating materials and refractories.
The evolution of material stock research: From exploring to rising to hot studies
Authors: Fu Chenling , Zhang Yan , Deng Tianjie , Daigo Ichiro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMaterial stocks in buildings, infrastructure, and durable products play multiple roles in environmental and socioeconomic systems throughout their life cycle. After half a century of exploration, the study of material stocks has led to the development of a knowledge system. However, an overall picture of the evolution of knowledge in this field is lacking. With the aid of CiteSpace, a science mapping tool, we review 395 publications and find that the study of material stock experienced three obvious stages: initial exploration (1973–2005); rising period (2006–2016); and a hot period (2017–2020). The evolution of material stock research shows a clear objective‐oriented mode. As research objectives evolved from macroscopic observation to refined management of materials, the main research content changed from observational accounting to exploring the application, role, and service functions of material stocks, especially from the perspective of systematic metabolism under the complex background of social transformation. Accounting items shifted from an initial focus on metallic materials to a broader set of materials and product stocks, and from accounting of a single category to multi‐category accounting. The scale of research correspondingly shifted from the national and global scale to the urban and community scale which can serve refined management. These changes also led to in‐depth and detailed study of the role and function of stocks. In the future, scholars should continue to explore and apply microscale models, “whiten” the black box in large scale research; focus on recycling of urban minerals and electronic wastes. Mapping the transformation of raw materials into products by combining material properties and product functions is crucial to concretely implement a circular economy. Differentiation, specialization, combination of approaches, and sub‐categorical and sub‐regional coefficients will be the key to future refined, lean, and precise accounting.