bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in the use of biocontrol applications in preharvest and postharvest environments: A food safety milestone
Authors: Jongman Mosimanegape , Carmichael Patricia , Loeto Daniel , Gomba Annancietar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIncreasing concerns toward food safety and public health have rendered the use of synthetic chemicals in agricultural environments unacceptable. A shift toward biologically safe approaches has been considered a preferred strategy within the food handling chain and has received increasing attention over the past years in managing undesirable microbial growth. Although several studies have looked at the mode of action of most antagonists, the manipulation of microbial communities in food safety has not been fully explored. Very little is known about the effect of microbial diversity and composition in developing a healthy environmental approach for pathogen management in the farm to fork continuum. In view of the progress made in recent years in metagenomic technologies, information generated should be used to develop a dynamic approach that will consider a comprehensive approach involving environmentally friendly strategies in dealing with food losses caused by microbes to ensure food safety. Thus, this review includes information on the latest biocontrol applications to suppress undesirable microbial growth and extend fresh produce shelf life along the farm to fork continuum. The role of recent trends related to the potential of microbiomes in food safety and quality is further discussed. The use of physical treatments against pathogen growth is also highlighted.
Changes of neuroplasticity in cortical motor control of human masseter muscle related to orthodontic treatment
Authors: Liu Weicai , Cui Congcong , Hu Zhonglin , Li Juan , Wang Jijun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundOrthodontic treatment is a common clinical method of malocclusion. Studies have found that neurons in the sensorimotor cortex of the brain undergo adaptive remodeling in response to changes in oral behavior or occlusion.ObjectiveTo explore whether orthodontic treatment could be sufficient to cause neuroplastic changes in the corticomotor excitability of the masseter muscle.MethodsFifteen Angle Class II malocclusion patients who were receiving orthodontic treatment participated in the study. Cortical excitability was assessed by electromyographic activity changes evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Four orthodontic time points were recorded, including baseline, day 1, day 7, and day 30. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded in the masseter muscle and the first dorsal interosseous muscle (FDI) serving as a control. The data were analysed by stimulus–response curves and corticomotor mapping. Statistical analyses involved repeated measures analysis of variance, two‐way ANOVA, and Tukey's post hoc tests.ResultsMotor evoked potentials (MEPs) of the masseter muscle were significantly decreased during orthodontic treatment compared with those of the baseline (p < .001). MEPs of the masseter muscle were dependent on session and stimulus intensity (p < .001), whereas MEPs of FDI were only dependent on stimulus intensity (p = .091). Finally, Tukey's post hoc tests demonstrated that MEPs of the masseter muscle on days 1 and 7, with 70%–90% stimulus intensities, were higher than those of baseline values (p < .001).ConclusionsThe present study suggested that orthodontic treatment can lead to neuroplastic changes in the corticomotor control of the masseter muscle, which may add to our understanding of the adaptive response of subjects to changes of oral environment during the orthodontic treatment.
Effects of microbial transglutaminase on textural, water distribution, and microstructure of frozen‐stored longtail southern cod (Patagonotothen ramsayi) fish mince gel
Authors: Zhang Nana , Yang Ning , Yu Wanying , Jin Zheng , Jiang Pengfei , Yu Chenxu , Dong Xiuping 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFrozen‐stored fish mince tend to have poor gelling ability due to significant myosin denaturation caused by freezing. In this study, microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) was used to improve the quality of fish mince gel products made from frozen‐stored longtail southern cod (LSC). The gel strength of the gel product increased with the addition of MTGase and reached a plateau value of ~19 N mm beyond 300 U/kg of MTGase, at the same condition, T22 was reduced from 57.22 to 49.77 ms, T23 was reduced from 1,273.88 to 1,072.27 ms. As the MTGase addition increased from 0 to 400 U/kg, the hardness of the fish surimi gel increased from 14.52 to 21.36 N, and the microstructure changed from loose to dense, respectively. This study showed that MTGase could promote gelation to improve the quality of frozen‐stored LSC fish mince gel, especially at 300 U/kg, which potentially can be utilized to produce good surimi gel products out of frozen‐stored fish.
Seasonal variation in serum metabolites of northern European dogs
Authors: Walker Hannah K. , Ottka Claudia , Lohi Hannes , Handel Ian , Clements Dylan N. , Gow Adam G. , Mellanby Richard J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundMetabolic profiling identifies seasonal variance of serum metabolites in humans. Despite the presence of seasonal disease patterns, no studies have assessed whether serum metabolites vary seasonally in dogs.HypothesisThere is seasonal variation in the serum metabolite profiles of healthy dogs.AnimalsEighteen healthy, client‐owned dogs.MethodsA prospective cohort study. Serum metabolomic profiles were assessed monthly in 18 healthy dogs over a 12‐month period. Metabolic profiling was conducted using a canine‐specific proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy platform, and the effects of seasonality were studied for 98 metabolites using a cosinor model. Seasonal component was calculated, which describes the seasonal variation of each metabolite.ResultsWe found no evidence of seasonal variation in 93 of 98 metabolites. Six metabolites had statistically significant seasonal variance, including cholesterol (mean 249 mg/dL [6.47 mmol/L] with a seasonal component amplitude of 9 mg/dL [0.23 mmol/L]; 95% confidence interval [CI] 6‐13 mg/dL [0.14‐0.33 mmol/L], P < .008), with a peak concentration of 264 mg/dL (6.83 mmol/L) in June and trough concentration of 236 mg/dL (6.12 mmol/L) in December. In contrast, there was a significantly lower concentration of lactate (mean 20 mg/dL [2.27 mmol/L] with a seasonal component amplitude of 4 mg/dL [0.42 mmol/L]; 95% CI 2‐6 mg/dL [0.22‐0.62 mmol/L], P < .001) during the summer months compared to the winter months, with a peak concentration of 26 mg/dL (2.9 mmol/L) in February and trough concentration of 14 mg/dL (1.57 mmol/L) in July.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceWe found no clear evidence that seasonal reference ranges need to be established for serum metabolites of dogs.
Pharmacokinetics of diphenhydramine following single‐dose intravenous and oral administration in non‐fasted adult horses
Authors: Redmond Jeremy S. , Stang Bernadette V. , Schlipf John W. , Christensen John M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDiphenhydramine is an H1 receptor antagonist used to control urticaria and other allergic signs caused by type I hypersensitivity reactions in horses (Equus caballus). Limited studies have been conducted on pharmacokinetics of this drug in horses, with no studies involving oral formulations. Our study investigated pharmacokinetics of an oral diphenhydramine formulation compared to intravenous administration in non‐fasted adult horses. Six healthy horses underwent a single administration of three different doses of diphenhydramine (1 mg/kg intravenously, 1 mg/kg intragastrically, and 5 mg/kg intragastrically) with a two‐week washout period between doses. Bioavailability of intragastric diphenhydramine was less than one percent and six percent for 1 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg intragastric doses, respectively. This poor bioavailability is similar to what is reported in dogs. Two of six horses experienced transient side effects after intravenous diphenhydramine administration, emphasizing the need for determining therapeutic plasma levels in efforts to determine the lowest effective dose minimizing risk of adverse effects. The main conclusion of our study was that oral diphenhydramine at doses up to 5 mg/kg are unlikely to achieve therapeutic plasma levels in adult horses.
Evaluation of hydrogen peroxide efficacy against AZD1222 chimpanzee adenovirus strain in the recombinant COVID-19 vaccine for application in cleaning validation in a pharmaceutical manufacturing industry
Authors: Ajorio A.C.F.B. , Rhodes V.P. , Rodrigues A.P. , Diniz V.A. , Mattoso J.M.V. , da Silva I.B. , D`Aiuto D.M.M. , Brandão M.L.L. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the performance of hydrogen peroxide vapour (HPV) to inactivate the chimpanzee adenovirus AZD1222 vaccine strain used in the production of recombinant COVID-19 vaccine for application in cleaning validation in pharmaceutical industries production areas. Two matrixes were tested: formulated recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (FCV) and active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). The samples were dried on stainless steel and exposed to HPV in an isolator. One biological indicator with population &gt;106 Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores was used to validate the HPV decontamination cycle as standard. HPV exposure resulted in complete virus inactivation in FVC (≥5·03 log10) and API (≥6·40 log10), showing HPV efficacy for reducing chimpanzee adenovirus AZD1222 vaccine strain. However, the optimum concentration and contact time will vary depending on the type of application. Future decontamination studies scaling up the process to the recombinant COVID-19 vaccine manufacturing areas are necessary to evaluate if the HPV will have the same or better virucidal effectivity in each specific production area. In conclusion, HPV showed efficacy for reducing AZD1222 chimpanzee adenovirus strain and can be a good choice for pharmaceutical industries facilities disinfection during recombinant COVID-19 vaccine production.
Fire influences reproductive outcomes by modifying flowering phenology and mate‐availability
Authors: Richardson Lea K. , Wagenius Stuart 
Published: December 2021

Summary

A recent study posited that fire in grasslands promotes persistence of plant species by improving mating opportunities and reproductive outcomes. We devised an investigation to test these predicted mechanisms in two widespread, long‐lived perennials. We expect fire to synchronize flowering, increase mating and boost seed set.

We quantified individual flowering phenology and seed set of Liatris aspera and Solidago speciosa for 3 yr on a preserve in Minnesota, USA. The preserve comprises two management units burned on alternating years, allowing for comparisons between plants in burned and unburned areas within the same year, and plants in the same area across years with and without burns.

Fire increased flowering synchrony and increased time between start date and peak flowering. Individuals of both species that initiated flowering later in the season had higher seed set. Fire was associated with substantially higher flowering rates and seed set in L. aspera but not S. speciosa. In L. aspera, greater synchrony was associated with increased mean seed set.

Although fire affected flowering phenology in both species, reproductive success improved only in the species in which fire also synchronized among‐year flowering. Our results support the hypothesis that reproduction in some grassland species benefits from fire.
An update on current treatment strategies for laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms
Authors: Krause Amanda J. , Walsh Erin H. , Weissbrod Philip A. , Taft Tiffany H. , Yadlapati Rena 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLaryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is a syndrome caused by reflux of gastric contents into the pharynx or larynx, which leads to symptoms of throat clearing, hoarseness, pain, globus sensation, cough, excess mucus production in the throat, and dysphonia. LPR is a challenging condition, as there is currently no gold standard for diagnosis or treatment, and thus this presents a burden to the healthcare system. Strategies for treatment of LPR are numerous. Medical therapies include proton pump inhibitors, which are first line, H2 receptor antagonists, alginates, and baclofen. Other noninvasive treatment options include lifestyle therapy and the external upper esophageal sphincter compression device. Endoscopic and surgical options include antireflux surgery, magnetic sphincter augmentation, and transoral incisionless fundoplication. Functional laryngeal disorders and laryngeal hypersensitivity can present as LPR symptoms with or without gastroesophageal reflux disease. Though there are minimal studies in this area, neuromodulators and behavioral interventions are potential treatment options. Given the complexity of these patients and numerous available treatment options, we propose a treatment algorithm to help clinicians diagnose and triage patients into an appropriate therapy.
Outcomes following use of pediatric and young adult donor hearts with bicuspid aortic valves: A single‐center case series
Authors: Day Patrick , Hope Kyle , Puri Kriti , Spinner Joseph , Choudhry Swati , Tunuguntla Hari , Price Jack , Dreyer William , Denfield Susan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundValvular disease in pediatric and young adult donor hearts may be a relative contraindication to graft use. Outcomes following the use of donor hearts with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) have not been previously reported in children. We describe 4 cases of pediatric heart transplantation (HTx) utilizing a donor heart with a BAV.Case seriesOf the 469 HTx included in this study, 4 utilized a donor heart with a BAV. All recipients were female; median age was 11 years (range 0.3 to 19 years). In all cases, the BAV was not discovered until after HTx. All donors were less than 30 years old. The patients were followed for a median of 6 years (range 2 to 9 years) with all patients alive at last follow‐up. Two patients have transitioned to adult care, and 2 patients continue to follow in our clinic. In follow‐up, no patient has required an aortic valve intervention or had infective endocarditis. At last review, no patient had greater than mild aortic insufficiency or more than mild aortic stenosis. Three patients developed mild‐to‐moderate left ventricular hypertrophy in the first year post‐transplant that improved over time. One patient experienced a peri‐operative embolic stroke at time of transplant unrelated to the BAV.ConclusionOn short‐ and intermediate‐term follow‐up, pediatric and young adult donor hearts with BAV demonstrated acceptable graft longevity and valvular function. A functionally normal BAV in a pediatric heart transplant donor should not be a contraindication to organ acceptance.
Adaptive preferences in political philosophy
Authors: Terlazzo Rosa 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe concept of adaptive preferences is supposed to explain how and why victims of injustice might come to endorse their own oppression, and to provide political philosophers with a tool for objecting to that oppression even when its victims do not. Critics, however, argue that using the concept of adaptive preferences further harms the victims of injustice, by denying them the respect owed to moral agents and/or the opportunity to direct the course of their own lives. After canvassing this debate, I consider one proposal for retaining the concept as a helpful political tool while avoiding the harms that detractors point to. This proposal allows us to make different well‐being judgments about adaptive preferences before and after they have been formed. I conclude by considering the parallel literature on adaptive preferences and disability, noting the possible short‐comings of the proposal in that case, and suggesting a variety of ways for moving forward.
Synergistic interaction between ABA and IAA due to moderate soil drying promotes grain filling of inferior spikelets in rice
Authors: Teng Zhenning , Yu Huihui , Wang Guanqun , Meng Shuan , Liu Bohan , Yi Yake , Chen Yinke , Zheng Qin , Liu Ling , Yang Jianchang , Duan Meijuan , Zhang Jianhua , Ye Nenghui 
Published: December 2021

SUMMARYPoor grain filling of inferior spikelets is becoming a severe problem in some super rice varieties with large panicles. Moderate soil drying (MD) after pollination has been proven to be a practical strategy to promote grain filling. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain largely unexplored. Here, transcriptomic analysis of the most active grain filling stage revealed that both starch metabolism and phytohormone signaling were significantly promoted by MD treatment, accompanied by increased enzyme activities of starch synthesis and elevated abscisic acid (ABA) and indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) content in the inferior spikelet. Moreover, the IAA biosynthesis genes OsYUC11 and OsTAR2 were upregulated, while OsIAA29 and OsIAA24, which encode two repressors of auxin signaling, were downregulated by MD, implying a regulation of both IAA biosynthesis and auxin signal transduction in the inferior spikelet by MD. A notable improvement in grain filling of the inferior spikelet was found in the aba8ox2 mutant, which is mutated in an ABA catabolism gene. In contrast, overexpression of OsABA8ox2 significantly reduced grain filling. Interestingly, not only the IAA content, but also the expression of IAA biosynthesis and auxin‐responsive genes displayed a similar trend to that in the inferior spikelet under MD. In addition, several OsTPP genes were downregulated in the inferior spikelets of both MD/ABA‐treated wild‐type plants and the aba8ox2 mutant, resulting in lower trehalose content and higher levels of ‐6‐phosphate (T6P), thereby increasing the expression of OsTAR2, a target of T6P. Taken together, our results suggest that the synergistic interaction of ABA‐mediated accumulation of IAA promotes grain filling of inferior spikelets under MD.
Photobiomodulation promotes hair regeneration in injured skin by enhancing migration and exosome secretion of dermal papilla cells
Authors: Zhang Yuehou , Su Jianlong , Ma Kui , Li Haihong , Fu Xiaobing , Zhang Cuiping 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe application of photobiomodulation (PBM) in regenerative medicine has expanded to the treatment of alopecia caused by various reasons. However, the mechanisms responsible for its effects are poorly understood. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of PBM on hair regeneration in injured skin and to explore the underlying mechanisms. The scratched epidermis or dermis models were established in C57 mice aged 7–8 weeks. We found that the scratched epidermis had no influence on hair regeneration, but the scratched dermis led to obvious hair follicle atrophy and significantly influenced hair regeneration. The wounds in scratched dermis models were treated with PBM (655 nm, 3 J/cm2 [10 min]) and the hair regeneration and cell proliferation in hair follicle were evaluated. Compared with control, the hair coverage level was significantly enhanced after PBM treatment. Sox9+ and PCNA+ cells in hair follicle were obviously observed in PBM‐treated group, but not in control. In vitro, the effects of PBM on the function of dermal papilla cells (DPCs) were investigated. The results showed that the migration of DPCs was increased significantly by PBM (655 nm, 3 J/cm2 [10 min]), whereas no effect was found on proliferation. Furthermore, we found that PBM promoted exosome secretion of DPCs, accompanied by the activation of Akt/GSK‐3β/β‐catenin pathway. AKT inhibitor MK‐2206 effectively blocked PBM‐induced migration and exosome secretion of DPCs. These findings suggest that the enhanced migration and exosome secretion of DPCs mediated by the Akt/GSK‐3β/β‐catenin pathway were responsible for the promotion of hair regeneration in injured skin by PBM.
Sensorimotor integration within the primary motor cortex by selective nerve fascicle stimulation
Authors: Ranieri Federico , Pellegrino Giovanni , Ciancio Anna Lisa , Musumeci Gabriella , Noce Emiliano , Insola Angelo , Diaz Balzani Lorenzo Alirio , Di Lazzaro Vincenzo , Di Pino Giovanni 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe integration of sensory inputs in the motor cortex is crucial for dexterous movement. We recently demonstrated that a closed‐loop control based on the feedback provided through intraneural multichannel electrodes implanted in the median and ulnar nerves of a participant with upper limb amputation improved manipulation skills and increased prosthesis embodiment. Here we assessed, in the same participant, whether and how selective intraneural sensory stimulation also elicits a measurable cortical activation and affects sensorimotor cortical circuits. After estimating the activation of the primary somatosensory cortex evoked by intraneural stimulation, sensorimotor integration was investigated by testing the inhibition of primary motor cortex (M1) output to transcranial magnetic stimulation, after both intraneural and perineural stimulation. Selective sensory intraneural stimulation evoked a low‐amplitude, 16 ms‐latency, parietal response in the same area of the earliest component evoked by whole‐nerve stimulation, compatible with fast‐conducting afferent fibre activation. For the first time, we show that the same intraneural stimulation was also capable of decreasing M1 output, at the same time range of the short‐latency afferent inhibition effect of whole‐nerve superficial stimulation. The inhibition generated by the stimulation of channels activating only sensory fibres was stronger than that due to intraneural or perineural stimulation of channels activating mixed fibres. We demonstrate in a human subject that the cortical sensorimotor integration inhibiting M1 output previously described after the experimental whole‐nerve stimulation is present also with a more ecological selective sensory fibre stimulation.
imageKey points
Cortical integration of sensory inputs is crucial for dexterous movement.
Short‐latency somatosensory afferent inhibition of motor cortical output is typically produced by peripheral whole‐nerve stimulation.
We exploited intraneural multichannel electrodes used to provide sensory feedback for prosthesis control to assess whether and how selective intraneural sensory stimulation affects sensorimotor cortical circuits in humans.
Activation of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) was explored by recording scalp somatosensory evoked potentials. Sensorimotor integration was tested by measuring the inhibitory effect of the afferent stimulation on the output of the primary motor cortex (M1) generated by transcranial magnetic stimulation.
We demonstrate in humans that selective intraneural sensory stimulation elicits a measurable activation of S1 and that it inhibits the output of M1 at the same time range of whole‐nerve superficial stimulation.
Neutron interferometry, fifth force and axion like particles
Authors: Capolupo A. , Giampaolo S. M. , Quaranta A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe propose a new possible detection strategy to reveal the fermion–fermion interaction mediated by axions and axion-like particles, based on interferometric measurement of neutron beams. We consider an interferometer in which the neutron beam is split in two sub-beams propagating in regions with differently oriented magnetic fields. The beam paths and the strength of the magnetic fields are set in such a way that the phase difference depends only on the axion-induced interaction. The resulting phase difference is directly related to the presence of axions. Our results show that such a phase might represent, in the future, a tool to probe the existence of axions and axion-like particles or a fifth force with interferometry.