bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19: Preventive Strategies among Workers in a Tertiary Health Institution in South-east Nigeria
Authors: Elo-Ilo Jacinta Chinyere , Ajator Chioma Chetachukwu , Ezeagwuna Dorothy Amauche , Mbanuzuru Ahoma Victor , Nnamani Chioma Phyllis 
Published: August 2021

Background and Aim: Healthcare workers have the highest risk of exposure to COVID-19 infection due to the nature of their occupation which daily exposes them to infectious agents/people with COVID-19. The study aimed to determine the knowledge of healthcare workers towards COVID-19 infection prevention strategies and factors that affect infection prevention against COVID-19.
Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional analytical study conducted in a tertiary health institution. One hundred and ninety-five participants were recruited consecutively into the study. Data was collected using a 13-question semi-structured self-administered questionnaire. The knowledge, perceptions and factors contributing to COVID-19 infection, prevention and control (IPC) were measured. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. The test of significance was set at p-value <0.05.
Results: The knowledge of COVID-19 Infection, Prevention and Control (IPC) was 31.8%, 63.6% of the participants were aware of IPC program at the hospital but majority (74.9%) had not received any training. There was no significant association between knowledge of COVID-19 IPC and sociodemographic characteristics. Less than half of the participants (37.4%) had a good perception of the hospital’s readiness for COVID-19 pandemic, 52.8% reported that breeching IPC rules can cause an outbreak of COVID-19 in the hospital. Lack of resources to fulfil Infection, Prevention and Control need is the single most important contributory factor to the spread of COVID-19 infection.
Conclusion: The knowledge of COVID-19 infection, prevention and control was poor in the study and the majority of the healthcare workers had not received any training regarding Infection, Prevention and Control. Therefore, there is need for the hospital management with the financial backup from the government to train healthcare workers on Infection prevention and control strategies.
Suicide Ideation and Its Risk Factors among Secondary School Adolescent in Ebonyi State, South East, Nigeria
Authors: Omaka-Amari Lois N. , Aleke Christian O. , Nwafor Jude N. , Afoke Eunice N. , Ngwakwe Patricia C. , Okeke Ifeyinwa M. , Item Okocha Yusuf , Dauda Saheed Olaide , Nwankwo Onyechi 
Published: August 2021

Background: Globally, suicidal behaviour is seen as a growing public health problem, However, little is known about the suicide ideation and its risk factors among secondary school adolescent in Ebonyi State. Suicidal thought negatively impacts the quality of life, physical, and mental well-being of the students. However, research on suicide ideation among students in low- and middle-income countries are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to explore suicide ideation and its risk factors among secondary school adolescent in Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey research design was conducted to assess 399 secondary school adolescents in Ebonyi State between January to May 2021. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 399 participants. However, three hundred and ninety-four (394) were properly filled and used for the study. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire.
Results: The findings indicated that student with suicidal ideas, 68.3% are in stressful situation, 65.7% has been absence in school for 3 days consecutively, 62.7% have been disappointed by boy/girl-friend, 59.9% feel disappointed from academic performance, 58.4% have been sad or depressed most of the time, 55.6% have been lonely, and 52.3% felt so sad in a way that the situation was unbearable. The result further shows that the major risk factor of suicidal ideation among secondary school students are cultism (71.3%), alcoholism (56.9%), poverty (61.7%), drug use disorders such as (drug addiction, drug dependence, tolerance) 228 (57.9%), and mental illness (54.8%). Other risk factors identified are mental illness 216 (54.8%), sexual harassment/assault (51.8%), unemployment (51.8%), physical assault/bullying (51.8%), and family history of suicide (50.8%).
Conclusions: The study concluded that suicide ideation among students was high and recommended among others that the Nigeria ministry of health both state and federal in collaboration with school management should develop a guideline on how to screen and manage factors associated with suicide ideation among secondary school adolescents.
The Potential Diagnostic Utility of TROP-2 & C-Kit in Thyroid Neoplasms
Authors: El-Dakrany Amal Abd El-Halim , Zamzam Yomna Abd El-Monem , Wasfy Rania Elsayed , El-Raouf Assia Mahfouz Abd 
Published: August 2021

Background: Thyroid nodules are common finding, only 5% of nodules are malignant and the vast majority is non-neoplastic lesions or benign neoplasms. Thyroid cancer incidence is increasing faster than any other cancer types, thus representing one of the most common and clinically worrying malignant tumors of the endocrine system. Trophoblast antigen 2 (TROP2) is a transmembrane receptor glycoprotein encoded by the tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2(Tacstd2) gene, which is located on chromosome 1p32. Although the biological function of TROP2 is unclear, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that its expression is elevated in various malignant tissues, whereas in human normal tissues relatively low or no TROP2 expression is observed. C-Kit is a type III receptor tyrosine kinase. C-Kit expression and signaling have been well characterized in several tumors, including gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). However, few studies have investigated c-Kit in the thyroid gland or in thyroid malignancies. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic utility of TROP-2 on a large set of neoplastic thyroid lesions & to investigate the utility of TROP-2 & c-Kit markers to distinguish between benign and malignant thyroid neoplasms on Paraffin blocks.
Methods: Immunohistochemistry for TROP2 and c-Kit was carried out on 85 different thyroid lesions (40 benign, 7 borderline and 38 malignant).
Results: Malignant thyroid lesions were found to have negative expression of c-Kit in contrast to 80% of benign thyroid neoplasms. TROP2 was strong positive in 87.5% of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC), but there was no TROP2 expression in benign thyroid neoplasms, non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary like nuclear features, follicular carcinoma, anaplastic and poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma.
Conclusions: TROP2 is a good diagnostic tool for PTCs to differentiate between PTCs & other lesions with papillary like nuclear features as NIFTP, c-Kit is a good diagnostic tool for follicular adenoma & to differentiate between follicular adenoma & follicular carcinoma.
Assessment of Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis in Egyptian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Basiouny Eman , Lashin Faiza , Hamisa Manal , Selim Amal 
Published: August 2021

Aims: To assess hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), their possible risk factors and their association with metabolic syndrome and micro or macro-albuminuria.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Outpatient Clinic of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology Unit in internal medicine department, Tanta University, Egypt in a period between September 2019 to March 2020.
Methodology: We included 200 patients had a diagnosis of T2DM according to American Diabetes Association criteria. Then patients were assessed for presence of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis using fibroscan and we used liver stiffness measurements (LSMs, as a measure of fibrosis) and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP, as a measure of steatosis) and routine laboratory data were done to rule out possible risk factors.
Results: 98.5% of participants had hepatic steatosis and 53.5% of participants had hepatic fibrosis. Those patients had longer duration of DM, higher BMI, bad control of T2DM, higher lipid profile values, association with metabolic syndrome, micro and macro-albuminuria and non-significantly elevated liver enzymes.
Conclusion: Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis are highly prevalent in patients with T2DM, incidence of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis is positively correlated with longer duration of DM, higher BMI, bad control of DM, dyslipidemia, presence of metabolic syndrome, diabetic nephropathy, weakly correlated with liver enzymes. TE is an accurate and non-invasive tool to be used in screening for hepatic steatosis and fibrosis ,so we recommend screening for hepatic steatosis and fibrosis using fibroscan to help in early management and prevent its progression into liver cirrhosis.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Benzimidazole Derivatives as Antiulcer and H+ K+ ATPase Inhibitor
Authors: Khan R. Farhan , Farooqui Mohd. Saleemuddin 
Published: August 2021

Aims: To Synthesis the novel substituted benzimidazole derivatives and screened Pharmacologically as antiulcer and H+ K+ ATPase inhibitor.
Study Design: Study design as series of substituted benzimidazole derivatives prepared by three different reaction scheme and further evaluated pharmacologically in desired activity.
Place and Duration of Study: In Patal Dhamal Wadwani College of Pharmacy Yavatmal, Maharashtra, India, between July 2014 to August 2017.
Methodology: A series of new 2-[(substituted-pyrimidin-4-yl) sulfinyl]-1H-benzimidazole (54a-54i) were synthesized by the condensation of O-phenylenediamine, KOH and CS2 resulting potassium 1-H-benzimidazole 2-thiolate further treated with glacial acetic acid gives 1H-benzimidazole 2- thiol (2-mercaptobenzimidazole). 4-Chloro 2 Methyl, 6-Alkylpyrimidine- 4-ol prepared by ethanimidamide and alkyl acetoacetate gives 2-Methyl, 6-Alkylpyrimidine-4-ol by chlorination using thionyl chloride 4-Chloro 2 Methyl, 6-Alkylpyrimidine- 4-ol was obtained. further reacted with sodium oxide followed by m-chloroperbenzoic finally gives 2-[(substituted-pyrimidin-4-yl) sulfinyl]-1H-benzimidazole. Structural characterization of these synthesized compounds was confirmed by FT-IR, 1HNMR, and Mass spectral data. Later synthesized derivatives evaluated for their antiulcer and H+ K+ ATPase inhibitory activity by aspirin induced method and assays of H+/K+-ATPase activity respectively.
Results: Compound 54c (74.03%), 54f (72.87%) and 54i (75.15%) shows highly significant antiulcer activity compared to standard drug and compound 54c (88.88 %), 54d (91.03 %), 54f (86.48%) and 54g (84.21%) shows highly significant antisecretory activity when compare to standard drug.
Conclusion: Our research work provokes further to work for development of different derivatives of 2-(pyrimidinyl-sulfinyl) benzimidazole which have lesser side effect and better action than few of marketed drugs.
Total Anomalous of Pulmonary Venous Connection- A Case Report
Authors: Maurya Archana , Rodge Hina Y. , Kurian Bibin , Alwadkar Sagar 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Among Cyanotic cardiac diseases, Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection is the only condition involving venous system malformation. Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection is a rare congenital anomaly in which all 4 pulmonary veins have no direct communication with the left atrium.
Background: Almost one in a hundred newborn babies worldwide is affected by congenital heart disease. TAPVC is approximately 7-9 per 100,000 live births and it accounts for about 0.7- 1.5% of all congenital heart diseases. Congenital cardiac defects are the most common congenital anomalies in live births as well as the main cause of childhood Motability and Morbidity in the developed nations.
Presentation of Case: A 5-month-old male child was admitted to ‘Sri Satya Sai Sanjeevani Hospital, Naya Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India’ on date 1 February 2021 with complaints of excessive sweating on the head while feeding, Tachypnoea, cyanosis and Lower Respiratory Tract infection. The child was diagnosed at 2 months of age and the child was brought to Sri Satya Sai Hospital for surgical management of TAPVC.
Interventions: The treatment of patients was started immediately after admission. The surgical repair of obstructive mixed TAPV and PDA ligation was done under general anesthesia on date 02 February 2021.
Conclusion: In this report, we mainly focus on expert surgical management and excellent nursing care helped in managing the complicated case very nicely. The patient response was positive to conservative and nursing management. The patient was discharged without postoperative complications and satisfactory with recovery.
Wound Healing Potential of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa and its Bioactive Compounds- Rhodomyrtone
Authors: Kamarudin Evana , Halim Hasseri , Anuar Tengku Shahrul , Hussain Roslinah 
Published: August 2021

Aims: The present work was aimed to study the phytochemical composition of a crude ethanolic extract of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa [SERT], and the presence of rhodomyrtone and SERT's in vitro wound healing activity.
Introduction: Rhodomyrtus tomentosa is native plant to southern and southeastern Asia, India, east to southern China, Taiwan, Philippines, and south to Malaysia. In the traditional Vietnamese, Chinese and Malaysia, all its part, including leaves, roots, buds, and fruits have been used. A need for a new source of wound healing agent is the call for the investigation of the potential of R. tomentosa as the source of health-promoting agent, specifically as a natural wound healing agent.
Methodology: SERT was screen for its phytochemicals and the detection of rhodomyrtone using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, /Quadrupole time-of-flight [LC-MS/QTOF] analysis. Cell viability, cell proliferation, and migration assay were performed to examine the SERT effect's in vitro wound healing activity on human fibroblast cells [CRL-2522].
Results: The phytochemical study showed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, tannins and steroid in the crude ethanolic extract. The LC-MS analysis of crude ethanolic extract of SERT showed presents of rhodomyrtone which is one of the major compounds in the extract. SERT exhibit proliferative and migratory rate in human fibroblast cells [CRL 2522] in dose-dependent manner, which supports wound healing process. Its bioactive compounds presented wound healing activities at 0.325 up to 2.5 µg/mL.
Conclusion: Both SERT and rhodomyrtone portrayed in vitro wound healing activities. Further studies to elucidate the mechanism of action of SERT and rhodomyrtone is recommended.
Overview on Causes and Management of Upper Extremity Ischemia- A Review
Authors: Abood Hashem Bark Awadh , Almarri Mohammad Saleh , Khoshaim Faisal Mohammed , Alsubaie Barak Abdullah , A. Al Abbad, Mohammed Ahmed , Alzhrani Sultan Abdulaziz , Alsafri Raghad Mohammed , Alharbi Hayat Mohammed , Owaydhah Hamzah Hussain , Alobaidi Rayan Hussain S. , Hakami Alanoud Awaji 
Published: August 2021

Acute upper limb ischemia (AULI) occurs less often than acute lower limb ischemia, contributing for even less than 5% of all limb ischemia instances. It is known to be rare vascular emergency with serious long-term effects if not treated promptly. Timely detection and localization of the arterial occlusion are critical for effective revascularization and limb salvage. Surgical procedure, most commonly embolectomy, has become the standard of care for embolic or thrombotic AULI. Vascular repair is synonymous with morbidity and death, which can be avoided in some circumstances. Nonsurgical options such as endovascular procedures, thrombolytic agents, and anticoagulation therapy continue to advance, but their function in upper extremity ischemia remains unclear. In this Review, we discuss causes and management of acute upper extremity ischemia. The paper concluded that longer symptoms mean greater likelihood of functional sequelae. Surgical management is the most commonly used and best treatment. It is also possible that conservative management is being underreported. The prognosis of upper extremity ischemia is related to prompt and appropriate treatment and is predictable based on initial serum LDH levels.
Band‐Like Charge Transport in Phytic Acid‐Doped Polyaniline Thin Films
Authors: Ballabio Marco , Zhang Tao , Chen Chen , Zhang Peng , Liao Zhongquan , Hambsch Mike , Mannsfeld Stefan C. B. , Zschech Ehrenfried , Sirringhaus Henning , Feng Xinliang , Bonn Mischa , Dong Renhao , Cánovas Enrique 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe explore the charge transport properties of phytic acid (PA) doped polyaniline thin films prepared by the surfactant monolayer‐assisted interfacial synthesis (SMAIS). Structural and elemental analysis confirms the inclusion of PA in the thin films and reveals a progressive loss of crystallinity with the increase of PA doping content. Charge transport properties are interrogated by time‐resolved terahertz (THz) spectroscopy. Notably, independently of doping content and hence crystallinity, the frequency‐resolved complex conductivity spectra in the THz region can be properly described by the Drude model, demonstrating band‐like charge transport in the samples and state‐of‐the‐art charge carrier mobilities of ≈1 cm2V−1s−1. A temperature‐dependent analysis for the conductivity further supports band‐like charge transport and suggest that charge carrier mobility is primarily limited by impurity scattering. This work highlights the potential of PA doped polyaniline for organic electronics.
Bitter Flavored, Soft Composites for Wearables Designed to Reduce Risks of Choking in Infants
Authors: Cho Donghwi , Li Rui , Jeong Hyoyoung , Li Shupeng , Wu Changsheng , Tzavelis Andreas , Yoo Seonggwang , Kwak Sung Soo , Huang Yonggang , Rogers John A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWireless, skin‐integrated devices for continuous, clinical‐quality monitoring of vital signs have the potential to greatly improve the care of patients in neonatal and pediatric intensive‐care units. These same technologies can also be used in the home, across a broad spectrum of ages, from beginning to end of life. Although miniaturized forms of such devices minimize patient burden and improve compliance, they represent life‐threatening choking hazards for infants. A materials strategy is presented here to address this concern. Specifically, composite materials are introduced as soft encapsulating layers and gentle adhesives that release chemical compounds designed to elicit an intense bitter taste when placed in the mouth. Reflexive reactions to this sensation strongly reduce the potential for ingestion, as a safety feature. The materials systems described involve a non‐toxic bitterant (denatonium benzoate) as a dopant in an elastomeric (poly(dimethylsiloxane)) or hydrogel matrix. Experimental and computational studies of these composite materials and the kinetics of release of the bitterant define the key properties. Incorporation into various wireless skin‐integrated sensors demonstrates their utility in functional systems. This simple strategy offers valuable protective capabilities, with broad practical relevance to the welfare of children monitored with wearable devices.
Graphene Decorated Fiber for Wearable Strain Sensor with High Sensitivity at Tiny Strain
Authors: Chen Ye , Zhang Yuanyuan , Song Fei , Zhang Huiying , Zhang Qikang , Xu Jing , Wang Huaping , Ke Fuyou 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIt remains a challenge to achieve high sensitivity and a broad linear strain range simultaneously for wearable strain sensors. Specially, graphene‐based strain sensors always exhibit low sensitivity owing to the slippage of graphene flakes. To overcome this problem, Al3+ is used here as “mortars” for graphene flakes instead of polymers usually used in the literature, and thus a very simple and low‐cost strategy is developed to prepare a high‐performance reduced graphene oxide coated fiber strain sensor. The strain sensor shows a low detection limit (0.1% strain), high sensitivity, and a very broad linear sensing range (0–20%, R2 = 0.99, GF = 322), which is attributed to the occurrence of uniform microcracks under stretching induced by Al3+ as well as the large variation of the overlapped area between adjacent graphene flakes at small strain (<1% strain). Moreover, the good cycle stability and durability against water washing of the strain sensor are verified. The excellent properties of the wearable strain sensor ensure it successfully applied in the real‐time monitoring of human activities.
Mental health in academia: Hacks for cultivating and sustaining wellbeing
Authors: Johnson Adam P. , Lester Rebecca J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMental health concerns among university populations are on the rise. Faculty and students report increasing levels of depression, stress, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. These mental health crises reduce overall wellness and inhibit the educational process. We identify uncertainty, financial stress, disruptions to social networks, burnout, and the contemporary social/political climate as key triggers for mental health crises for faculty and students. Faculty are in a position to provide support to one another and their students and as such, we provide strategies that attend to these triggers and complement other forms of intervention. We do not intend these “hacks” to supplant structural change or reputable medical advice; rather, they are intended to help focus attention on the importance and magnitude of mental health concerns in academia and to offer some strategies that faculty can implement.
Nasal endoscopy, room filtration, and aerosol concentrations during live outpatient encounters: a prospective, case‐control study
Authors: Gill Amarbir S. , Kaur Kamaljeet , Shipman Paige , Sumsion Jorgen , Error Marc , Kelly Kerry , Alt Jeremiah A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has highlighted safety concerns surrounding possible aerosol‐generating procedures, but comparative data on the smallest particles capable of transmitting this virus remain limited. We evaluated the effect of nasal endoscopy on aerosol concentration and the role of a high‐efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter in reducing aerosol concentration.MethodsOtolaryngology patients were prospectively enrolled in an outpatient, cross‐sectional study. Demographic information and clinic room characteristics were recorded. A scanning mobility particle sizer and GRIMM aerosol monitor measured aerosols 14.3 nm to 34 μm in diameter (i.e., particles smaller than those currently examined in the literature) during (1) nasal endoscopy (± debridement) and (2) no nasal endoscopy encounters. One‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student's t test were performed to compare aerosol concentrations and impact of HEPA filtration.ResultsSixty‐two patients met inclusion criteria (25 nasal endoscopy without debridement; 18 nasal endoscopy with debridement; 19 no nasal endoscopy). There was no significant difference in age or gender across cohorts. Aerosol concentration in the nasal endoscopy cohort (± debridement) was not greater than the no nasal endoscopy cohort (p = 0.36; confidence interval [95% CI], −1.76 to 0.17 μg/m3; and p = 0.12; 95% CI, −0.11 to 2.14 μg/m3, respectively). Aerosol concentrations returned to baseline after 8.76 min without a HEPA filter versus 4.75 min with a HEPA filter (p = 0.001; 95% CI, 1.73–6.3 min).ConclusionUsing advanced instrumentation and a comparative study design, aerosol concentration was shown to be no greater during nasal endoscopy versus no endoscopy encounters. HEPA filter utilization reduced aerosol concentrations significantly faster than no HEPA filter.