bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘The kind of doctor I wanted to be.’ A qualitative analysis of junior doctors’ reasons for choosing to train in psychiatry and in Wales
Authors: Slater Alan , Saeed Rugi , Fernando Marque , Evans Ceri 
Published: June 2021

AimsTo understand the factors underpinning junior doctors’ decision-making processes regarding their choice of psychiatry as a speciality, and why they chose to pursue specialty training in Wales.BackgroundOver recent years there have been significant challenges in recruiting junior doctors into psychiatry specialty training, both within the UK and in Wales. To counter this a number of measures have been instituted, including advertising campaigns from the Royal College of Psychiatrists (‘Choose Psychiatry’) and Health Education and Improvement Wales (HEIW) (‘Train Work Live’), together with financial incentives. To date there has been no published evaluation of the effectiveness of these measures.MethodTwo focus groups were run (in August 2019 and January 2020) with trainees appointed to new training posts in August 2019. The focus groups featured set questions acting as prompts for discussion. These focused on various factors behind making decisions to train in Psychiatry and choosing to train within HEIW. The focus groups were recorded and transcribed. Following this a thematic analysis was conducted to identify key elements arising from the discussions.ResultThe focus groups were attended by 14 trainees in total (eleven CT1s, four ST4s.) Living in Wales prior to appointment was the most common factor in leading participants to choose to train in Wales, jointly with having a support network (friends or family) in Wales (each present in 57%, n = 8.) Perceptions around a favourable work-life balance were also important (45%, n = 5.) Interactions with staff in an ambassadorial or support role were a significant driver, especially for international medical graduates. Financial incentives and advertising campaigns appeared to have limited influence over participants’ decision-making, awareness of these being highest among those already working in psychiatry or in Wales.Having a foundation year job with a psychiatry placement was a common theme in choosing psychiatry as a specialty (43%, n = 6.) Work-life balance of the specialty was also important (21%, n = 3.) Again, after these it was hard to identify coherent themes.ConclusionWe identified three separate groups, namely CT1s, ST4s and international medical graduates, each with distinct themes underlying a range of needs. There was a broad range of factors underlying trainees’ decisions which should be reflected when planning future recruitment strategies. It appeared that advertising campaigns and financial incentives were of limited influence.
Exploring determinants of self-management in adults with severe mental illness: a qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Carswell Claire , Brown Jennifer , Balogun Abisola , Taylor Jo , Coventry Peter , Kitchen Charlotte , Kellar Ian , Peckham Emily , Bellass Sue , Alderson Sarah , Lister Jennie , Holt Richard , Hewitt Catherine , Jacobs Rowena , Shiers David , Boehnke Jan , Ajjan Ramzi , Siddiqi Najma ,   On behalf of the DIAMONDS Research team
Published: June 2021

AimsTo systematically review and synthesise qualitative evidence about determinants of self-management in adults with SMI. The goal is to use findings from this review to inform the design of effective self-management strategies for people with SMI and LTCs.BackgroundPeople living with serious mental illness (SMI) have a reduced life expectancy by around 15–20 years, mainly due to the high prevalence of long-term physical conditions such as diabetes and heart disease. People with SMI face many challenges when trying to manage their physical health. Little is known about the determinants of self-management – managing the emotional and practical issues – of long-term conditions (LTCs) for people with SMI.MethodSix databases, including CINAHL and MEDLINE, were searched to identify qualitative studies that explored people's perceptions about determinants of self-management in adults with SMI (with or without comorbid LTCs). Self-management was defined according to the American Association of Diabetes Educator's self-care behaviours (AADE7). Determinants were defined according to the Capabilities, Opportunity, Motivations and Behaviours (COM-B) framework. Eligible studies were purposively sampled for synthesis according to the richness of the data (assessed using Ames et al (2017)'s data richness scale), and thematically synthesised.ResultTwenty-six articles were included in the synthesis. Seven studies focused on self-management of LTCs, with the remaining articles exploring self-management of SMI. Six analytic themes and 28 sub-themes were identified from the synthesis. The themes included: the additional burden of SMI; living with comorbidities; beliefs and attitudes about self-management; support from others for self-management; social and environmental factors; routine, structure and planning. Capabilities for self-management were linked to people's perceptions about the support they received for their SMI and LTC from healthcare professionals, family and friends. Opportunities for self-management were more commonly expressed in the context of social and environmental factors. Motivation for self-management was influenced by beliefs and attitudes, whilst being closely related to the burden of SMI.ConclusionThe themes identified from the synthesis suggest that capabilities, opportunities and motivations for self-management can be negatively influenced by the experience of SMI, whilst social and professional support, improved access to resources, and increased involvement in care, could promote self-management. Support programmes for people with SMI and LTCs need to account for these experiences and adapt to meet the unique needs of this population.
Handcuff use on forensic psychiatry wards
Authors: Swain Rachel , Klayman Deborah , Reiss David , Buch Kruti , Roberts Sarah 
Published: June 2021

AimsThis project aimed to assess the use of handcuffs in a secure forensic mental health hospital.BackgroundHandcuffs are used by secure forensic psychiatric wards where patients need to leave the ward and require added restrictive measures for their own or other's safety. The decision to use handcuffs is made by the multi-disciplinary team, with the input of the unit's clinical security team and is assessed based on individual risk and need. This study investigated the frequency, duration and purpose of handcuff use in one secure forensic mental health unit, encompassing 8 male medium secure wards, 5 male low secure wards, 1 adolescent secure ward,1 female low secure ward and 5 female medium secure wards.MethodHandcuff use was recorded contemporaneously by ward staff in a specialised handcuff proforma. This data were then compiled to assess the number of instances of use, the mental health section applicable to the patient, the reason the patient needed to leave the unit, and the duration of use (including the time period for which the handcuffs were removed during the visit, if applicable.) Data from these forms over an 18 month period were analysed.ResultOver the 18 months, there were a total of 347 uses of handcuffs, with an average of 18.3 occurrences per month. In 55 cases, the patients were detained under a civil section, with the remaining instances occurring in patients detained under forensic section. 47% were unsentenced prisoners.The most common destination for patients was the general medical hospital, which accounted for 49% of all visits. Court was the second most common destination, with 39% of uses.The average duration spent in handcuffs was 3.3 hours. The average time that the handcuffs were taken off during the transfer was 1.2 hours.ConclusionThrough ongoing education and supervision by the clinical security team, handcuff use in this forensic service was limited to essential situations, most often to allow treatment of physical health issues off-site. A large proportion of instances involved unsentenced prisoners and court attendances, where the risk of absconsion might be particularly high. Duration spent in handcuffs was kept to a minimum, with cuffs being removed where possible. The service strives to continue such good practices and to identify further ways to reduce handcuff use, such as using video-conferencing as an alternative court attendance.
Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase domain inhibitor may maintain hemoglobin synthesis at lower serum ferritin and transferrin saturation levels than darbepoetin alfa
Authors: Ogawa Chie , Tsuchiya Ken , Tomosugi Naohisa , Maeda Kunimi 
Published: June 2021

Background
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylase domain inhibitors, which have recently become clinically available for treating renal anemia, are attracting attention for their novel mechanisms of action.

Methods
Relationships of reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr), which reflects recent Hb synthesis, with serum ferritin (s-ft) and transferrin saturation (TSAT) were examined in 30 patients on hemodialysis after switching from darbepoetin alfa (DA) to roxadustat (Rox). Iron deficiency was defined as CHr < 32.0 pg. Cutoff values of s-ft and TSAT were determined using receiver operating characteristic curves for the endpoint CHr ≥ 32.0 pg. Logistic analysis was performed with the reference group having s-ft or TSAT below the corresponding cutoff value (low vs high).

Results
With the endpoint CHr ≥ 32.0 pg on Day 0, cutoff values for s-ft and TSAT were respectively 49.7 ng/mL and 21.6% on Day 0 and 35.5 ng/mL and 16.2% on Day 28. With the endpoint CHr ≥ 32.0 pg on Day 28, cutoff values for s-ft and TSAT on Day 0 were 81.6 ng/mL and 23.9%, respectively. According to multivariable logistic analysis, the odds ratios of CHr ≥ 32.0 pg on Day 0 were significantly higher for high TSAT on Day 0 [34.7 (95% CI 2.42–131.0), p<0.003] and Day 28 [24.8 (95% CI 2.75–224.0), p = 0.004]. There were no significant differences by s-ft. Odd ratios of CHr ≥ 32.0 pg on Day 28 were also significantly higher for high s-ft on Day 0 [16.0 (95% CI 1.57–163.0), p = 0.019] and high TSAT on Day 0 [13.5 (95% CI 1.24–147.0), p<0.033].

Conclusions
Our results suggest Hb synthesis was maintained with lower TSAT and s-ft during Rox therapy compared with DA therapy. To avoid iron deficiency during the 4 weeks after switching DA to Rox, ideal s-ft and TSAT levels before the switch are 81.6 ng/mL and 23.9%, respectively.
Evaluating the safety of two human experimental intestinal ischemia reperfusion models: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Hundscheid Inca H. R. , Schellekens Dirk H. S. M. , Grootjans Joep , Den Dulk Marcel , Van Dam Ronald M. , Beets Geerard L. , Buurman Wim A. , Lenaerts Kaatje , Derikx Joep P. M. , Dejong Cornelis H. C. 
Published: June 2021

Background
We developed a jejunal and colonic experimental human ischemia-reperfusion (IR) model to study pathophysiological intestinal IR mechanisms and potential new intestinal ischemia biomarkers. Our objective was to evaluate the safety of these IR models by comparing patients undergoing surgery with and without in vivo intestinal IR.

Methods
A retrospective study was performed comparing complication rates and severity, based on the Clavien-Dindo classification system, in patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy with (n = 10) and without (n = 20 matched controls) jejunal IR or colorectal surgery with (n = 10) and without (n = 20 matched controls) colon IR. Secondary outcome parameters were operative time, blood loss, 90-day mortality and length of hospital stay.

Results
Following pancreatic surgery, 63% of the patients experienced one or more postoperative complications. There was no significant difference in incidence or severity of complications between patients undergoing pancreatic surgery with (70%) or without (60%, P = 0.7) jejunal IR. Following colorectal surgery, 60% of the patients experienced one or more postoperative complication. Complication rate and severity were similar in patients with (50%) and without (65%, P = 0.46) colonic IR. Operative time, amount of blood loss, postoperative C-reactive protein, length of hospital stay or mortality were equal in both intervention and control groups for jejunal and colon IR.

Conclusion
This study showed that human experimental intestinal IR models are safe in patients undergoing pancreatic or colorectal surgery.
Vive l’incommunication: La victoire de l’Europe, Dominique Wolton (2020)
Authors: Mercier Arnaud 
Published: June 2021

Review of: Vive l’incommunication: La victoire de l’Europe, Dominique Wolton (2020)
Paris: Éditions François Bourin, 144 pp.,
ISBN 979-10-252-0489-4, p/bk, €15
Formação discursiva e constituição da reexistência
Authors: Canário de Souza Estevão Ady 
Published: June 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar a constituição da reexistência por meio da fala feminina negra inscrita na formação discursiva midiática. Para tanto, ancora-se nas formulações teóricas da Análise do Discurso (AD) de vertente francesa, nas contribuições foucaultianas e em diálogo com os estudos étnico-raciais descoloniais. Na análise, recorremos a três enunciados coletados de um portal brasileiro de notícias on-line, em que uma mulher negra, mãe e empregada doméstica é entrevistada durante a pandemia de covid-19. Os resultados apontam para uma fala feminina negra entre a desigualdade, preconceito, discriminação e que encontra lugares de reexistência negra possível no enfrentamento às opressões. Concluímos que o discurso midiático inserido em formações discursivas reatualiza as memórias acerca dos modos de viver e morrer de grupos étnico-raciais na contemporaneidade.
Utilization of Trash Fish for Cultivation of Crablet Mud Crab (Scylla serrata)
Authors: Iromo Heppi , Rachmawani Dori , Jabarsyah Abdul , Zainuddin Zainuddin 
Published: June 2021

The high demand for mud crabs in North Kalimantan causes catch to increase in the wild. If it is not balanced with efforts to increase its aquaculture of mud crab, in the future there will be a decline in population. This study aims to determine the growth and survival rate of mud crab seed (crablet, Scylla serrata) in the application method of different types of trash fish. This research used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The Crablet used carapace width average 0.07-0.09 cm and weigh average 0.05-0.07 g with total 150 crablets. The treatments applied by trash fish were (A) Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis mossambicus), (B) Longfin Herrings Fish (Ilisha elongata), (C) Sword Fish (Trichiurus lepturus) and (D) Snails (Telescopium telescopium). The results were The best weight growth of crablet occurs in the treatment of T. lepturus (P>0.05) and the highest of survival rates of crablet were found in treatment T. telescopium (P<0.05) than the other. The trash fish were used turned out to be able survival of crablet mud crab (Scylla serrata).
The Potential of Cytotoxin and Antiviral in Sargassum polycystum and Sargassum ilicifolium’s Polysaccharides Extract
Authors: Ningsih Dwi Lestari Widya , Trianto Agus , Widowati Ita , Magdugo Rexie , Hurtado Anicia , Marty Christel , Bourgougnon Nathalie 
Published: June 2021

Marine algae known as one producers of bioactive compounds. This study aims to analyze the cytotoxicity and antiviral activity in Sargassum polycystum and Sargassum ilicifolium tested with Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV). The polysaccharides extract of algae was used in this study, as sulfated polysaccharides have been reported has bioactivity. Cytotoxicity either antiviral could be correlated with the sulfate content as well as nature and chemical composition of the polysaccharides. Cytotoxicity and antiviral analysis based upon cell viability. Using the Vero cell / HSV-1 model, cytotoxicity was evaluated by incubating cellular suspensions (3.5×105 cells.mL-1) with various dilutions (concentration from 1 to 500 µg.mL-1, four wells per concentration) of fractions in 96-well plates (72h, 37°C, 5% CO2) in Eagle's MEM containing 8% FCS. The cells were examined daily under a phase-contrast microscope to determine the minimum concentration of hydrolysate dry matter that induced alterations in cell morphology, including swelling, shrinkage, granularity and detachment. Algae S. illicifolium was found to have the highest cytotoxic content in each solution compared to S. polycystum. Algae S. illicifolium in KOH 4M (cellulose) reached 2,707 µg.ml-1, then HCl pH 2 (fucoidan) was 2,477 µg.ml-1, then CaCl2 2% (fucoidan) was 2,362 µg.ml-1, and in Na2CO3 3% (alginates) was 2,134 µg.ml-1. For antiviral, S. polycystum contained the highest antiviral compounds compared to S. illicifolium with KOH 4M (cellulose) solution was reached 67.02 µg.ml-1. Then in Na2CO3 3% (alginates) which was 33.25 µg.ml-1, then CaCl2 2% (fucoidan) which was 31.62 µg.ml-1,and HCl pH 2 (fucoidan) was 30.08 µg.ml-1. After all, the highest bioactivity compounds was found with KOH 4M (cellulose) for cytotoxicity in S. ilicifolium and antiviral activity in S. polycystum.
Effect of Salinities and Dietary Patterns toward Fullness of Gut and Gut Evacuation Time of the Newly Introduced Penaeus merguiensis Larvae
Authors: Ighwerb Mostafa Imhmed , Hutabarat Johannes , Yudiati Ervia , Pribadi Rudhi , Widianingsih Widianignsih , Hartati Retno , Nur II Abidin , Fauziah Arumning T. , Hidayati Jelita Rahma 
Published: June 2021

The gut capacity of shrimp larvae is minimal, and their digestion is often challenged by the inevitable fact that they tend to develop slowly during the zoea stage. Many studies approved that the digestive capacity of shrimp larvae could be improved by increasing the retention time of food in the intestine. Gut evacuation time and fullness of the gut are crucial parameters in assessing the growth of shrimp larvae, and the diet as well as environmental conditions indeed influence the activity of these parameters. Although many species of shrimps have a wide salinity tolerance, more specific research on salinity and its relation to the type of diet is necessary to find the optimum condition supporting the growth of shrimp larvae. By employing Penaeus merguiensis larvae, this study evaluates the effect of three nominal salinities (28, 32, and 36 ppt) and types of diets (Diet A: 100% live feed; Diet B: 100% FRIPPAK; Diet C: a combination of Diet A and Diet C, 50 % each) toward the fullness of gut and gut evacuation time of the newly introduced Penaeus merguiensis larvae culture. The result showed that the longest gut evacuation time and the highest percentage of gut's fullness were found in all Zoea reared with Diet A at salinity 28 and 32 ppt; Zoea-1 at 28 ppt with Diet A; Zoea-2 at 32 ppt with Diet A; Zoea-3 at 32 ppt with Diet A. Longer gut evacuation time would have an impact on the higher percentage of the fullness of gut. The higher fullness of the gut also indicates that the larvae have the best capacity to produce energy and achieve optimum growth.
Lifting coarse homotopies
Authors: Weighill Thomas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Coarse geometry, and in particular coarse homotopy theory, has proven to be a powerful tool for approaching problems in geometric group theory and higher index theory. In this paper,we continue to develop theory in this area by proving a Coarse Lifting Lemma with respect to a certain class of bornologous surjective maps. This class is wide enough to include quotients by coarsely discontinuous group actions, which allows us to obtain results concerning the coarse fundamental group of quotients which are analogous to classical topological results for the fundamental group. As an application, we compute the fundamental group of metric cones over negatively curved compact Riemannian manifolds.
Ambiguity avoidance as a factor in the rise of the English dative alternation
Authors: Zehentner Eva 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper discusses the role of cognitive factors in language change; specifically, it investigates the potential impact of argument ambiguity avoidance on the emergence of one of the most well-studied syntactic alternations in English, viz. the dative alternation (We gave them cakevsWe gave cake to them). Linking this development to other major changes in the history of English like the loss of case marking, I propose that morphological as well as semantic-pragmatic ambiguity between prototypical agents (subjects) and prototypical recipients (indirect objects) in ditransitive clauses plausibly gave a processing advantage to patterns with higher cue reliability such as prepositional marking, but also fixed clause-level (SVO) order. The main hypotheses are tested through a quantitative analysis of ditransitives in a corpus of Middle English, which (i) confirms that the spread of the PP-construction is impacted by argument ambiguity and (ii) demonstrates that this change reflects a complex restructuring of disambiguation strategies.
Automated capture-based NGS workflow: one thousand patients experience in a clinical routine framework
Authors: Tenedini Elena , Celestini Fabio , Iapicca Pierluigi , Marino Marco , Castellano Sara , Artuso Lucia , Biagiarelli Fiammetta , Cortesi Laura , Toss Angela , Barbieri Elena , Roncucci Luca , Pedroni Monica , Manfredini Rossella , Luppi Mario , Trenti Tommaso , Tagliafico Enrico 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) based mutational study of hereditary cancer genes is crucial to design tailored prevention strategies in subjects with different hereditary cancer risk. The ease of amplicon-based NGS library construction protocols contrasts with the greater uniformity of enrichment provided by capture-based protocols and so with greater chances for detecting larger genomic rearrangements and copy-number variations. Capture-based protocols, however, are characterized by a higher level of complexity of sample handling, extremely susceptible to human bias. Robotics platforms may definitely help dealing with these limits, reducing hands-on time, limiting random errors and guaranteeing process standardization.

Methods
We implemented the automation of the CE-IVD SOPHiA Hereditary Cancer Solution™ (HCS) libraries preparation workflow by SOPHiA GENETICS on the Hamilton’s STARlet platform. We present the comparison of results between this automated approach, used for more than 1,000 DNA patients’ samples, and the performances of the manual protocol evaluated by SOPHiA GENETICS onto 240 samples summarized in their HCS evaluation study.

Results
We demonstrate that this automated workflow achieved the same expected goals of manual setup in terms of coverages and reads uniformity, with extremely lower standard deviations among samples considering the sequencing reads mapped onto the regions of interest.

Conclusions
This automated solution offers same reliable and affordable NGS data, but with the essential advantages of a flexible, automated and integrated framework, minimizing possible human errors and depicting a laboratory’s walk-away scenario.
Die Idee des Schaminstinkts in Kants anthropologischen Schriften
Authors: Falcato Ana Cristina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper corrects a historical injustice that has been perpetrated against Kant for some time now. Mostly on good grounds, Kantian ethics have been accused of neglecting the role played by the emotions in moral deliberation and in morally informed action. However, the contemporary moral philosophers who have put forth such a claim tend to bypass textual sources, on the one hand, and to downplay the role played by the anthropological writings on Kant’s practical philosophy as a whole, on the other. Relying on highly relevant pre-critical texts in which Kant sketches future argumentative patterns and discusses the role of negative emotions like shame on the improvement of the human species, I address a mistaken conclusion about Kantian ethics as a whole that is common in contemporary Anglo-American philosophy. Finally, I raise some paradoxical conclusions that follow from Kant’s argument, once its implicit premises have been brought to light.