bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional Disparity of Reperfusion Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke in Japan: A Retrospective Analysis of Nationwide Claims Data from 2010 to 2015
Authors: Maeda Megumi , Fukuda Haruhisa , Matsuo Ryu , Ago Tetsuro , Kitazono Takanari , Kamouchi Masahiro 
Published: October 2021

Background
We aimed to determine whether a regional disparity exists in usage of reperfusion therapy (intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator [IV rt‐PA] and endovascular thrombectomy [EVT]) and post‐reperfusion 30‐day mortality in patients with acute ischemic stroke, and which regional factors are associated with their usage.

Methods and Results
We retrospectively investigated 69 948 patients (mean age±SD, 74.9±12.0 years; women, 41.4%) with acute ischemic stroke treated with reperfusion therapy between April 2010 and March 2016 in Japan using nationwide claims data. Regional disparity was evaluated using Gini coefficients for age‐ and sex‐adjusted usage of reperfusion therapy and 30‐day post‐reperfusion in‐hospital death ratio in 47 administrative regions. The association between regional factors and reperfusion therapy usage was evaluated with fixed‐effects regression models. During the study period, Gini coefficients showed low inequality (0.11–0.15) for use of IV rt‐PA monotherapy and IV rt‐PA and/or EVT and extreme inequality (0.49) for EVT usage in 2010, which became moderate inequality (0.25) by 2015. The densities of stroke centers and endovascular specialists, as well as market concentration, were associated with increased usage of reperfusion therapy whereas the proportion of rural residents and delayed ambulance transport were negatively associated with usage. Inequality in the standardized death ratio after EVT was extreme (0.86) in 2010 but became moderate (0.29) by 2015; inequality was low to moderate (0.17–0.23) for IV rt‐PA monotherapy and IV rt‐PA and/or EVT.

Conclusions
Scrutinizing existing data sources revealed regional disparity in reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke and its associated regional factors in Japan.
Neonatal presentations to the paediatric emergency department in Singapore
Authors: Lim Jia Mei Vanessa , James Vigil , Yeo Yong Jie Edwin , Low Yi Mei , Chew Yi Rong , Ganapathy Sashikumar 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:
This study aimed to characterise neonatal paediatric emergency department (PED) visits, analyse the main paediatric illnesses and establish associations of these demographics with the readmission rates and severity of their presentation.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of neonates (aged <28 days) presenting to the PEDs of our hospital over seven months was performed. Associations between the clinical and demographic data of admissions to the PED and inpatient admissions were analysed.

Results:
In total, 1,200 neonates presented during the study period, 79.4% of whom presented at less than 15 days since birth. Length of stay in the PED was less than four hours for 94.0% of the neonates. Predominant triage categories comprised non-P1 cases (97.5%). The main diagnoses at the PED were neonatal jaundice (NNJ; 66.8%) and neonatal pyrexia (NNP; 14.6%), which corresponded to the main diagnoses upon discharge from the hospital: NNJ (68.4%) and NNP (19.6%). 48.2% of neonates were referred from polyclinics or other clinics. 57.7% of the neonates were admitted. Interestingly, 87.0% of the well babies who presented to the emergency department were brought in owing to parental concerns by the parents themselves, without prior consultation with the doctor.

Conclusion:
Outpatient management of NNJ can be considered. Caregivers should be provided better education regarding normal physiological characteristics of newborns through standardised educational materials. Other potential avenues for parents to seek medical advice, for example hotlines and ChatBots such as the recently piloted ‘Urgent Paediatric Advice Line’ online service, should be considered.
The Aesthetics and Emotions of Religious Belonging: Examples from the Buddhist World
Authors: Baffelli Erica , Caple Jane , McLaughlin Levi , Schröer Frederik 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The articles in this special issue illuminate the importance of aesthetics, affect, and emotion in the formation of religious communities through examples from the Buddhist world. This introduction reads across the contributors’ findings from different regions (China, India, Japan, and Tibet) and eras (from the 17th to the 21st centuries) to highlight common themes. It discusses how Buddhist communities can take shape around feelings of togetherness, distance, and absence, how bonds are forged and broken through spectacular and quotidian aesthetic forms, and how aesthetic and emotional practices intersect with doctrinal interpretations, gender, ethnicity, and social distinction to shape the moral politics of religious belonging. We reflect on how this special issue complicates the idea of Buddhist belonging through its focus on oft-overlooked practices and practitioners. We also discuss the insights that our studies of Asian Buddhist communities offer to the broader study of religious belonging.
Anonymus Iamblichi and Nomos: Beyond the Sophistic Discourse
Authors: Sørensen Anders Dahl 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The paper challenges the traditional assumption that the fragments of ‘Anonymus Iamblichi’ (Diels-Kranz 89) are best understood and interpreted against the intellectual and cultural background of the so-called ‘sophistic movement’. I begin by suggesting that we can distinguish, in the fragments, between two separate ‘discourses’ concerning nomos (‘law’) and its role in human life: an abstract ‘sophistic’ discourse, centered around the defense of nomos against the antinomian champions of natural pleonexia, and another, less abstract and more polemical discourse on nomos, which is aimed at the author’s contemporary Athens. I argue that the author’s engagement with well-known sophistic ideas is best understood as instrumental to his polemical agenda: it provides him with a powerful intellectual framework in which to articulate his criticism of democratic society, especially with regard to traditional notions of social ‘benefaction’ and the relation between rich and poor.
Application of Muslim Personal Law in the Kenyan Courts: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Hashim Abdulkadir 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper examines the application of Muslim personal law in the Kenyan courts. It addresses jurisprudential issues which engage conventional government judges, magistrates and kadhis (Islamic judges). The interaction between the conventional and religious courts has paved the way for a conflict of laws on matters related to Muslim personal law and has led to an interesting scenario of constructive conversation and criticism that in turn has set the stage for an emerging comparative jurisprudence within a pluralistic society. Factors which contribute toward conflicts include wholesale adoption of Common Law and Islamic law notions and exemption clauses in statutes. To overcome the challenges facing the kadhis’ courts and the application of Muslim personal law in Kenya, the paper proposes the adoption of a progressive comparative jurisprudential approach in responding to emerging legal issues facing Muslim litigants in the Kenyan courts.
Johnwellsia, a new intertidal genus of Parastenheliidae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from the Taiwan Strait, China, including a review of the family and key to genera
Authors: HUYS RONY , MU FANGHONG 
Published: October 2021

A new genus of Parastenheliidae, Johnwellsia gen. nov., is proposed for its type and only species, J. bipartita sp. nov., collected from Dadeji Beach in Xiamen, Taiwan Strait, China. The intricate taxonomic history of the family is reviewed with special emphasis on its type genus Parastenhelia Thompson & Scott, 1903. It is concluded that P. hornelli Thompson & Scott, 1903 is the type of the genus and that the widely adopted previous designation of Harpacticus spinosus Fischer, 1860 as type species of Parastenhelia is invalid. The taxonomic concept of Parastenhelia is restricted to the hornelli­-group which includes four valid species: P. hornelli, P. similis Thompson & Scott, 1903, P. oligochaeta Wells & Rao, 1987, and P. willemvervoorti sp. nov.
The currently accepted concept of Parastenhelia spinosa as a highly variable cosmopolitan species is rejected. The genus Microthalestris Sars, 1905 (type: Thalestris forficula Claus, 1863) is resurrected to accommodate most Parastenhelia species that were previously placed in the spinosa-group. Two species, Thalestris forficuloides Scott & Scott, 1894 and Parastenhelia antarctica Scott, 1912, are reinstated as valid members of the genus which further includes Parastenhelia gracilis Brady, 1910, Microthalestris littoralis Sars, 1911, P. costata Pallares, 1982, P. minuta Pallares, 1982, P. bulbosa Gee, 2006 and five new species: M. campbelliensis sp. nov.; M. polaris sp. nov.; M. santacruzensis sp. nov.; M. sarsi sp. nov. and M. variabilis sp. nov. Both the type species, Thalestris forficula, and Harpacticus spinosus are considered species inquirendae in Microthalestris. Three new genera are proposed to accommodate the remaining Parastenhelia species. Porirualia gen. nov. contains P. megarostrum Wells, Hicks & Coull, 1982 (type) and P. pyriformis Song, Kim & Chang, 2003, and is the sistergroup of Johnwellsia gen. nov. Parastenhelia aydini Kuru & Karaytuğ, 2015 is placed in the monotypic genus Karaytugia gen. nov. while all species with penicillate elements on the antenna and P1 are transferred to Penicillicaris gen. nov., including Thalestris pectinimana Car, 1884, which is removed from the synonyms of the Parastenhelia spinosa (Fischer, 1860) “complex”, and three new species: P. maldivensis sp. nov., P. penicillata sp. nov., and P. sewelli sp. nov.
The genus Karllangia Noodt, 1964 (type: K. arenicola Noodt, 1964) is relegated to a junior subjective synonym of Thalestrella Monard, 1935a (type: T. ornatissima Monard, 1935a). New or updated diagnoses for each genus, and differential diagnoses for species where appropriate, are provided. A key to the ten currently recognized genera in the Parastenheliidae is presented as well as keys to species for Parastenhelia, Microthalestris, Thalestrella and Penicillicaris gen. nov.
Business Behavior in the Face of Severe Weather: Studying the Effects of Deterministic and Probabilistic Warning Systems
Authors: Howard Seth P. , Boehmer Alison P. , Simmons Kevin M. , Klockow-Mcclain Kim E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTornadoes are nature’s most violent storm and annually cause billions of dollars in damage along with the threat of fatalities and injuries. To improve tornado warnings, the National Weather Service is considering a change from a deterministic to a probabilistic paradigm. While studies have been conducted on how individual behavior may change with the new warnings, no study of which we are aware has considered the effect this change may have on businesses. This project is a response to the Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017, House of Representatives (H.R.) bill 353, which calls for the use of social and behavioral science to study and improve storm warning systems. The goal is to discuss business response to probabilistic tornado warnings through descriptive and regression-based statistics using a survey administered to businesses in north Texas. Prior to release, the survey was vetted by a focus group composed of businesses in Grayson County, Texas, who assisted in the creation of a behavior ranking scale. The scale ranked behaviors from low to high effort. Responses allowed for determining whether the business reacted to the warning in a passive or active manner. Returned surveys came from large and small businesses in north Texas and represent a wide variety of industries. Regression analysis explores which variables have the greatest influence on the behavior of businesses and show that, beyond increases in probability from the probabilistic warnings, trust in the warning provides the most significant change to behavior.
Disparities in Access to Pediatric Otolaryngology Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Adigwu Yvonne , Osterbauer Beth , Hochstim Christian 
Published: October 2021

Objective: Racial/ethnic minority pediatric otolaryngology patients experience health disparities, including barriers to accessing health care. Our hypothesis for this study is that Hispanic or economically disadvantaged patients would represent a larger percentage of missed appointments and report more barriers to receiving care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional survey utilizing a modified version of the Barriers to Care Questionnaire was administered via telephone to no-show patients, and median income by zip code was collected. Chi-squared, logistic regression, and Student’s t-tests were used to investigate any differences in those who did and did not keep their appointments as well as any differences in mean questionnaire scores. Results: No-show patients were more likely to be Hispanic than not (OR 2.3, 95% CI: 1.3, 3.9, P = .002) and to live in a zip code that had a median income less than 200% of the federal poverty level (OR 1.7, 95% CI: 1.2, 2.4, P = .004). Respondents with a high school degree tended to report more barriers to care compared to those with less education. Conclusion: In our study, we identified ethnic, financial, and logistic concerns that may contribute to patients failing to keep their appointments with the otolaryngology clinic. Future studies are needed to assess the efficacy of measures aimed to reduce these barriers to care such as preventive plans to assist new patients and expanding telehealth services.
COVID-19 myocarditis cardiac magnetic resonance findings in symptomatic patients
Authors: Altay Sedat 
Published: October 2021

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may cause myocardial damage. Purpose To evaluate the short-term and medium-term results, as well as the imaging features of COVID-19 cardiac involvement, using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). Material and Methods In this study, laboratory and CMR findings of 15 patients with COVID-19 between May 2020 and May 2021 were evaluated retrospectively. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging was evaluated for myocarditis. Cardiac functions were quantitatively evaluated and compared to the control patient group. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (Hs-cTnI), C-reactive protein (CRP) exchange, and LGE were compared. Results Fifteen patients (7 women; mean age = 38 years) were evaluated. Six patients were treated at home, while nine patients were treated in the hospital. The patients were given remdesivir and hydroxychloroquine treatment. LGE was detected in 2 (33%) patients treated at home and 5 (55.5%) patients treated in the hospital. In hospitalized patients, levels of Hs-cTnI (mean = 7.8 pg/mL) and CRP (mean = 32.3 mg/L) were elevated. A high correlation was observed between the increase in Hs-cTnI value and LGE ( r = 0.63; P < 0.001). A low correlation was observed between an increase in CRP and LGE ( r = 033; P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in ventricular functions between the COVID-19 and control groups ( P < 0.001). Conclusion CMR abnormalities were found in a high percentage (46%) of patients with COVID-19. Myocardial abnormalities in patients with COVID-19 can be detected by CMR. For COVID-19 myocarditis, no specific diagnostic CMR imaging feature was observed.
Comparing test methods for moisture-vapor transmission rate (MVTR) for vascular access transparent semipermeable dressings
Authors: Bainbridge Paul , Browning Paul , Bernatchez Stéphanie F , Blaser Casey , Hitschmann Guido 
Published: October 2021

Background: Catheter insertion sites are commonly covered by transparent film dressings, offering protection of the insertion site from external contaminants and securement of the catheter while allowing site observation through a clear window. Currently, there is considerable focus on creating IV film dressings with ever-increasing moisture vapor transmission rates (MVTR) to prevent the accumulation of moisture under the film and reduce the risk of infection. These increasingly high MVTR IV dressings are often promoted as superior to IV dressings with lesser MVTR values. Methods: Since there are different methods to determine MVTR, we chose to test a series of commercially available dressings with two standard methods to compare the results and better understand the information provided by this measurement. We used European Standard EN 13726 to test the MVTR of seven different IV dressings with two different methods (upright and inverted). Results: We measured a range of MVTR values from 773 to 2838 g/m2/day for the upright method and from 845 to 30,530 g/m2/day for the inverted method for the seven IV dressings tested. Three dressings showed statistically different MVTR values with the two test methods. Conclusions: The MVTR test method (upright or inverted) used and considered for IV dressing product selection matters because the results obtained can be very different. We suggest that the upright method is better suited for IV dressings because they are not in constant contact with fluid. We conclude that the inverted method alone is not adequate to compare IV dressings.
Treatment patterns in pediatric patients with multiple sclerosis in Germany—a nationwide claim-based analysis
Authors: Frahm Niklas , Peters Melanie , Bätzing Jörg , Ellenberger David , Akmatov Manas K. , Haas Judith , Rommer Paulus S. , Stahmann Alexander , Zettl Uwe K. , Holstiege Jakob 
Published: October 2021

Background: The manifestation of multiple sclerosis (MS) in childhood and adolescence occurs in 3%−5% of all MS cases. However, the immunomodulatory and symptomatic treatment options in this population group are still limited. Objective: We aimed to elucidate the prescription frequency of medications used in pediatric patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) compared with the general population, considering the entire spectrum of medications prescribed. Methods: Based on nationwide outpatient drug prescription data and statutory health insurance (SHI) physicians’ claims data from 2018, we conducted a population-based cross-sectional study in Germany. Children and adolescents aged ⩽17 years ( n = 11,381,939) diagnosed with MS ( n = 613), and a matched (age, sex, and health insurance sector) control group ( n = 6130) were included. The prescription prevalence was measured as the proportion of MS patients with ⩾1 prescription. Results: Of the 613 pediatric PwMS with a median age of 16 years, 403 (65.7%) were female. For 15 out of the 18 different active agents analyzed, PwMS had a significantly higher prescription prevalence than the control group (Fisher’s exact test: p ⩽ 0.037). The most frequently prescribed drugs in PwMS were ibuprofen (28.4%; anti-inflammatory drug), cholecalciferol (23.0%; vitamin D3), and interferon beta-1a (21.5%; disease-modifying drug, DMD). The proportions of DMD prescriptions and antibiotic prescriptions were higher among PwMS aged 15–17 years than among those ⩽14 years (DMD: 43.4% vs 34.2%, p = 0.05; antibiotic: 34.1% vs 24.8%, p = 0.031). In contrast, younger PwMS were more likely to receive a prescription for anti-inflammatory/anti-rheumatic drugs (36.6% vs 26.5%, p = 0.02). Conclusion: Our study analyzing real-world medication data showed that interferon beta, anti-inflammatory drugs, and vitamins play an essential role in the treatment of pediatric PwMS. Future research should evaluate longitudinal treatment patterns of pediatric PwMS, paying particular attention to the time of diagnosis, time of first DMD initiation, and therapy switches.
Prevalence of gastrointestinal disease in US Military Veterans under outpatient care at the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Kent Kelsey G 
Published: October 2021

Objectives: There are currently no reliable estimates of the prevalence of gastrointestinal disease in the US Military Veterans. Hence, the study aims to determine its prevalence in military Veterans in the United States. Methods: This study utilized a retrospective, correlational design using a patient record database from the Department of Veteran’s Affairs. The participants in the study were Veterans diagnosed with gastrointestinal disease. Specific gastrointestinal diseases include more than 500,000 ambulatory care visits annually in the United States, which included peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, diverticular disease, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and functional dyspepsia, as well as the symptoms of constipation and nausea/vomiting. This study revealed the exact prevalence of gastrointestinal disease diagnosed in Veterans served in outpatient settings by the Veterans Health Administration and broke down this prevalence over time and by the Veteran period of service. Results: Findings revealed that gastrointestinal disease prevalence among Veterans varied according to their period of service. Conclusions: Findings may help improve screening for Veterans with this increased risk factor. However, further research should be performed to verify the prevalence of gastrointestinal disease in Veterans as compared to the general American population.
The multivariable prognostic models for severe complications after heart valve surgery
Authors: Liu Yunqi , Xiao Jiefei , Duan Xiaoying , Lu Xingwei , Gong Xin , Chen Jiantao , Xiong Mai , Yin Shengli , Guo Xiaobo , Wu Zhongkai 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo provide multivariable prognostic models for severe complications prediction after heart valve surgery, including low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS), acute kidney injury requiring hemodialysis (AKI-rH) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).MethodsWe developed multivariate logistic regression models to predict severe complications after heart valve surgery using 930 patients collected retrospectively from the first affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from January 2014 to December 2015. The validation was conducted using a retrospective dataset of 713 patients from the same hospital from January 2016 to March 2017. We considered two kinds of prognostic models: the PRF models which were built by using the preoperative risk factors only, and the PIRF models which were built by using both of the preoperative and intraoperative risk factors. The least absolute shrinkage selector operator was used for developing the models. We assessed and compared the discriminative abilities for both of the PRF and PIRF models via the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.ResultsCompared with the PRF models, the PIRF modes selected additional intraoperative factors, such as auxiliary cardiopulmonary bypass time and combined tricuspid valve replacement. Area under the ROC curves (AUCs) of PRF models for predicting LCOS, AKI-rH and MODS are 0.565 (0.466, 0.664), 0.688 (0.62, 0.757) and 0.657 (0.563, 0.751), respectively. As a comparison, the AUCs of the PIRF models for predicting LOCS, AKI-rH and MODS are 0.821 (0.747, 0.896), 0.78 (0.717, 0.843) and 0.774 (0.7, 0.847), respectively.ConclusionsAdding the intraoperative factors can increase the predictive power of the prognostic models for severe complications prediction after heart valve surgery.