bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SN 2017hpa: a carbon-rich Type Ia supernova
Authors: Dutta Anirban , Singh Avinash , Anupama G C , Sahu D K , Kumar Brajesh 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
We present the optical (UBVRI) and ultraviolet (Swift-Ultraviolet and Optical Telescope) photometry, and optical spectroscopy of Type Ia supernova SN 2017hpa. We study broad-band ultraviolet (UV)+optical light curves and low-resolution spectroscopy spanning from −13.8 to +108 d from the maximum light in B band. The photometric analysis indicates that SN 2017hpa is a normal Type Ia supernova with ΔmB(15) = 0.98 ± 0.16 mag and MB = −19.45 ± 0.15 mag at a distance modulus of μ = 34.08 ± 0.09 mag. The (uvw1 − uvv) colour evolution shows that SN 2017hpa falls in the near-UV (NUV)-blue group. The (B − V) colour at maximum is bluer in comparison to normal Type Ia supernovae. Spectroscopic analysis shows that the Si ii λ6355 Å absorption feature evolves rapidly with a velocity gradient, $\dot{v}=128\pm 7$ km s−1 d−1. The pre-maximum phase spectra show prominent C ii λ6580 Å absorption feature. The C ii 6580 Å line velocity measured from the observed spectra is lower than the velocity of Si ii λ6355 Å, which could be due to a line-of-sight effect. The synthetic spectral fits to the pre-maximum spectra using syn++ indicate the presence of a high-velocity component in the Si ii absorption, in addition to a photospheric component. Fitting the observed spectrum with the spectral synthesis code tardis, the mass of unburned C in the ejecta is estimated to be ∼0.019 M⊙. The peak bolometric luminosity is $L^{\rm {bol}}_{\rm {peak}} = 1.43\times 10^{43}$ erg s−1. The radiation diffusion model fit to the bolometric light curve indicates 0.61 ± 0.02 M⊙ of 56Ni is synthesized in the explosion.
On the origin of GeV spectral break for Fermi blazars: 3C 454.3
Authors: Kang Shi-Ju , Zheng Yong-Gang , Wu Qingwen , Chen Liang , Yin Yue 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
The GeV break in spectra of the blazar 3C 454.3 is a special observation feature that has been discovered by the Fermi-LAT. The origin of the GeV break in the spectra is still under debate. In order to explore the possible source of GeV spectral break in 3C 454.3, a one-zone homogeneous leptonic jet model and the McFit technique are utilized for fitting the quasi-simultaneous multiwaveband spectral energy distribution (SED) of 3C 454.3. The outside border of the broad-line region (BLR) and inner dust torus are chosen to contribute radiation in the model as external, seed photons to the external-Compton process, considering the observed γ-ray radiation. The combination of two components, namely the Compton-scattered BLR and dust torus radiation, assuming a broken power-law distribution of emitted particles, provides a proper fitting to the multiwaveband SED of 3C 454.3 detected 2008 August 3–September 2 and explains the GeV spectral break. We propose that the spectral break of 3C 454.3 may originate from an inherent break in the energy distribution of the emitted particles and the Klein–Nishina effect. A comparison is performed between the energy density of the ‘external’ photon field for the whole BLR UBLR achieved via model fitting and that constrained from the BLR data. The distance from the position of the γ-ray radiation area of 3C 454.3 to the central black hole could be constrained at ∼0.78 pc (∼4.00RBLR, the size of the BLR).
The case for thermalization as a contributor to the [C ii] deficit
Authors: Sutter Jessica , Dale Daniel A , Sandstrom Karin , Smith J D T , Bolatto Alberto , Boquien Mederic , Calzetti Daniela , Croxall Kevin V , De Looze Ilse , Galametz Maud , Groves Brent A , Helou George , Herrera-Camus Rodrigo , Hunt Leslie K , Kennicutt Robert C , Pelligrini Eric W , Wilson Christine , Wolfire Mark G 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
The [C ii] deficit, which describes the observed decrease in the ratio of [C ii] 158 μm emission to continuum infrared emission in galaxies with high star formation surface densities, places a significant challenge to the interpretation of [C ii] detections from across the observable universe. In an attempt to further decode the cause of the [C ii] deficit, the [C ii] and dust continuum emission from 18 Local Volume galaxies has been split based on conditions within the interstellar medium where it originated. This is completed using the Key Insights in Nearby Galaxies: a Far-Infrared Survey with Herschel (KINGFISH) and Beyond the Peak (BtP) surveys and the wide-range of wavelength information, from UV to far-infrared emission lines, available for a selection of star-forming regions within these samples. By comparing these subdivided [C ii] emissions to isolated infrared emission and other properties, we find that the thermalization (collisional de-excitation) of the [C ii] line in H ii regions plays a significant role in the deficit observed in our sample.
The impact of a stealth CME on the Martian topside ionosphere
Authors: Thampi Smitha V , Krishnaprasad C , Nampoothiri Govind G , Pant Tarun K 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Solar cycle 24 is one of the weakest solar cycles recorded, but surprisingly the declining phase of it had a slow coronal mass ejection (CME) that evolved without any low coronal signature and is classified as a stealth CME that was responsible for an intense geomagnetic storm at Earth (Dst = −176 nT). The impact of this space weather event on the terrestrial ionosphere has been reported. However, the propagation of this CME beyond 1 au and the impact of this CME on other planetary environments have not been studied so far. In this paper, we analyse the data from the Sun–Earth L1 point and from the Martian orbit (near 1.5 au) to understand the characteristics of the stealth CME as observed beyond 1 au. The observations near Earth are using data from the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) and the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) satellite located at L1 point, whereas those near Mars are from the instruments for plasma and magnetic field measurements onboard Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission. The observations show that the stealth CME has reached 1.5 au after 7 d of its initial observations at the Sun and caused depletion in the nightside topside ionosphere of Mars, as observed during the inbound phase measurements of the Langmuir Probe and Waves (LPW) instrument onboard MAVEN. These observations have implications on the ion escape rates from the Martian upper atmosphere.
Hot and counter-rotating star-forming disc galaxies in IllustrisTNG and their real-world counterparts
Authors: Lu Shengdong , Xu Dandan , Wang Yunchong , Chen Yanmei , Zhu Ling , Mao Shude , Springel Volker , Wang Jing , Vogelsberger Mark , Hernquist Lars 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
A key feature of a large population of low-mass, late-type disc galaxies are star-forming discs with exponential light distributions. They are typically also associated with thin and flat morphologies, blue colours, and dynamically cold stars moving along circular orbits within co-planar thin gas discs. However, the latter features do not necessarily always imply the former, in fact, a variety of different kinematic configurations do exist. In this work, we use the cosmological hydrodynamical IllustrisTNG simulation to study the nature and origin of dynamically hot, sometimes even counter-rotating, star-forming disc galaxies in the lower stellar mass range (between $5\times 10^9\, \mathrm{M_{\odot }}$ and $2\times 10^{10}\, \mathrm{M_{\odot }}$). We find that being dynamically hot arises in most cases as an induced transient state, for example due to galaxy interactions and merger activities, rather than as an age-dependent evolutionary phase of star-forming disc galaxies. The dynamically hot but still actively star-forming discs show a common feature of hosting kinematically misaligned gas and stellar discs, and centrally concentrated on-going star formation. The former is often accompanied by disturbed gas morphologies, while the latter is reflected in low gas and stellar spins in comparison to their dynamically cold, normal disc counterparts. Interestingly, observed galaxies from MaNGA with kinematic misalignment between gas and stars show remarkably similar general properties as the IllustrisTNG galaxies, and therefore are plausible real-world counterparts. In turn, this allows us to make predictions for the stellar orbits and gas properties of these misaligned galaxies.
Radio and optical observations of the possible AE Aqr twin, LAMOST J024048.51+195226.9
Authors: Pretorius M L , Hewitt D M , Woudt P A , Fender R P , Heywood I , Knigge C , Miller-Jones J C A , Buckley D A H , Worters H L , Potter S B , Williams D R A 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
It was recently proposed that the cataclysmic variable (CV) LAMOST J024048.51+195226.9 may be a twin to the unique magnetic propeller system AE Aqr. If this is the case, two predictions are that it should display a short period white dwarf spin modulation, and that it should be a bright radio source. We obtained follow-up optical and radio observations of this CV, in order to see if this holds true. Our optical high-speed photometry does not reveal a white dwarf spin signal, but lacks the sensitivity to detect a modulation similar to the 33 s spin signal seen in AE Aqr. We detect the source in the radio, and measure a radio luminosity similar to that of AE Aqr and close to the highest so far reported for a CV. We also find good evidence for radio variability on a time-scale of tens of minutes. Optical polarimetric observations produce no detection of linear or circular polarization. While we are not able to provide compelling evidence, our observations are all consistent with this object being a propeller system.
Multiwavelength flare observations of the blazar S5 1803+784
Authors: Nesci R , Cutini S , Stanghellini C , Martinelli F , Maselli A , Lipunov V M , Kornilov V , Lopez R R , Siviero A , Giroletti M , Orienti M 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTThe radio, optical, and γ-ray light curves of the blazar S5 1803+784, from the beginning of the Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) mission in 2008 August–2018 December, are presented. The aim of this work is to look for correlations among different wavelengths useful for further theoretical studies. We analysed all the data collected by Fermi-LAT for this source, taking into account the presence of nearby sources, and we collected optical data from our own observations and public archive data to build the most complete optical and γ-ray light curve possible. Several γ-ray flares (F &gt; 2.3 10−7ph(E &gt; 0.1 GeV) cm−2 s−1) with optical coverage were detected, all but one with corresponding optical enhancement; we also found two optical flares without a γ-ray counterpart. We obtained two Swift Target of Opportunity observations during the strong flare of 2015. Radio observations performed with VLBA and EVN through our proposals in the years 2016–2020 were analysed to search for morphological changes after the major flares. The optical/γ-ray flux ratio at the flare peak varied for each flare. Very minor optical V − I colour changes were detected during the flares. The X-ray spectrum was well fitted by a power law with photon spectral index α = 1.5, nearly independent of the flux level: No clear correlation with the optical or the γ-ray emission was found. The γ-ray spectral shape was well fitted by a power law with average photon index α = 2.2. These findings support an inverse-Compton origin for the high-energy emission of the source, nearly co-spatial with the optically emitting region. The radio maps showed two new components originating from the core and moving outwards, with ejection epochs compatible with the dates of the two largest γ-ray flares.
Adaptive Admixture of HLA Class I Allotypes Enhanced Genetically Determined Strength of Natural Killer Cells in East Asians
Authors: Deng Zhihui , Zhen Jianxin , Harrison Genelle F , Zhang Guobin , Chen Rui , Sun Ge , Yu Qiong , Nemat-Gorgani Neda , Guethlein Lisbeth A , He Liumei , Tang Mingzhong , Gao Xiaojiang , Cai Siqi , Palmer William H , Shortt Jonathan A , Gignoux Christopher R , Carrington Mary , Zou Hongyan , Parham Peter , Hong Wenxu , Norman Paul J 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Human natural killer (NK) cells are essential for controlling infection, cancer, and fetal development. NK cell functions are modulated by interactions between polymorphic inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and polymorphic HLA-A, -B, and -C ligands expressed on tissue cells. All HLA-C alleles encode a KIR ligand and contribute to reproduction and immunity. In contrast, only some HLA-A and -B alleles encode KIR ligands and they focus on immunity. By high-resolution analysis of KIR and HLA-A, -B, and -C genes, we show that the Chinese Southern Han (CHS) are significantly enriched for interactions between inhibitory KIR and HLA-A and -B. This enrichment has had substantial input through population admixture with neighboring populations, who contributed HLA class I haplotypes expressing the KIR ligands B*46:01 and B*58:01, which subsequently rose to high frequency by natural selection. Consequently, over 80% of Southern Han HLA haplotypes encode more than one KIR ligand. Complementing the high number of KIR ligands, the CHS KIR locus combines a high frequency of genes expressing potent inhibitory KIR, with a low frequency of those expressing activating KIR. The Southern Han centromeric KIR region encodes strong, conserved, inhibitory HLA-C-specific receptors, and the telomeric region provides a high number and diversity of inhibitory HLA-A and -B-specific receptors. In all these characteristics, the CHS represent other East Asians, whose NK cell repertoires are thus enhanced in quantity, diversity, and effector strength, likely augmenting resistance to endemic viral infections.
Trypanosome RNAEditing Substrate Binding Complex integrity and function depends on the upstream action of RESC10
Authors: Dubey Ashutosh P , Tylec Brianna L , McAdams Natalie M , Sortino Katherine , Read Laurie K 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Uridine insertion/deletion editing of mitochondrial mRNAs is a characteristic feature of kinetoplastids, including Trypanosoma brucei. Editing is directed by trans-acting gRNAs and catalyzed by related RNA Editing Core Complexes (RECCs). The non-catalytic RNA Editing Substrate Binding Complex (RESC) coordinates interactions between RECC, gRNA and mRNA. RESC is a dynamic complex comprising GRBC (Guide RNA Binding Complex) and heterogeneous REMCs (RNA Editing Mediator Complexes). Here, we show that RESC10 is an essential, low abundance, RNA binding protein that exhibits RNase-sensitive and RNase-insensitive interactions with RESC proteins, albeit its minimal in vivo interaction with RESC13. RESC10 RNAi causes extensive RESC disorganization, including disruption of intra-GRBC protein–protein interactions, as well as mRNA depletion from GRBC and accumulation on REMCs. Analysis of mitochondrial RNAs at single nucleotide resolution reveals transcript-specific effects: RESC10 dramatically impacts editing progression in pan-edited RPS12 mRNA, but is critical for editing initiation in mRNAs with internally initiating gRNAs, pointing to distinct initiation mechanisms for these RNA classes. Correlations between sites at which editing pauses in RESC10 depleted cells and those in knockdowns of previously studied RESC proteins suggest that RESC10 acts upstream of these factors and that RESC is particularly important in promoting transitions between uridine insertion and deletion RECCs.
Relative Information Gain: Shannon entropy-based measure of the relative structural conservation in RNA alignments
Authors: Pietrosanto Marco , Adinolfi Marta , Guarracino Andrea , Ferrè Fabrizio , Ausiello Gabriele , Vitale Ilio , Helmer-Citterich Manuela 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Structural characterization of RNAs is a dynamic field, offering many modelling possibilities. RNA secondary structure models are usually characterized by an encoding that depicts structural information of the molecule through string representations or graphs. In this work, we provide a generalization of the BEAR encoding (a context-aware structural encoding we previously developed) by expanding the set of alignments used for the construction of substitution matrices and then applying it to secondary structure encodings ranging from fine-grained to more coarse-grained representations. We also introduce a re-interpretation of the Shannon Information applied on RNA alignments, proposing a new scoring metric, the Relative Information Gain (RIG). The RIG score is available for any position in an alignment, showing how different levels of detail encoded in the RNA representation can contribute differently to convey structural information. The approaches presented in this study can be used alongside state-of-the-art tools to synergistically gain insights into the structural elements that RNAs and RNA families are composed of. This additional information could potentially contribute to their improvement or increase the degree of confidence in the secondary structure of families and any set of aligned RNAs.
Assessment of a modified renal angina index for AKI prediction in critically ill adults
Authors: Ortiz-Soriano Victor , Kabir Shaowli , Claure-Del Granado Rolando , Stromberg Arnold , Toto Robert D , Moe Orson W , Goldstein Stuart L , Neyra Javier A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
The renal angina index (RAI) is a useful tool for risk stratification of acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill children. We evaluated the performance of a modified adult RAI (mRAI) for the risk stratification of AKI in critically ill adults.

Methods
We used two independent intensive care unit (ICU) cohorts: 13 965 adult patients from the University of Kentucky (UKY) and 4789 from University of Texas Southwestern (UTSW). The mRAI included: diabetes, presence of sepsis, mechanical ventilation, pressor/inotrope use, percentage change in serum creatinine (SCr) in reference to admission SCr (ΔSCr) and fluid overload percentage within the first day of ICU admission. The primary outcome was AKI Stage ≥2 at Days 2–7. Performance and reclassification metrics were determined for the mRAI score compared with ΔSCr alone.

Results
The mRAI score outperformed ΔSCr and readjusted probabilities to predict AKI Stage ≥2 at Days 2–7: C-statistic: UKY 0.781 versus 0.708 [integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) 2.2%] and UTSW 0.766 versus 0.696 (IDI 1.8%) (P &lt; 0.001 for both). In the UKY cohort, only 3.3% of patients with mRAI score &lt;10 had the AKI event, while 16.4% of patients with mRAI score of ≥10 had the AKI event (negative predictive value 96.8%). Similar findings were observed in the UTSW cohort as part of external validation.

Conclusions
In critically ill adults, the adult mRAI score determined within the first day of ICU admission outperformed changes in SCr for the prediction of AKI Stage ≥2 at Days 2–7 of ICU stay. The mRAI is a feasible tool for AKI risk stratification in adult patients in the ICU.
Effects of biotic and abiotic factors on forest biomass fractions
Authors: Chen Renfei , Ran Jinzhi , Hu Weigang , Dong Longwei , Ji Mingfei , Jia Xin , Lu Jingli , Gong Haiyang , Aqeel Muhammad , Yao Shuran , An Lizhe , He Jin-Sheng , Niklas Karl J , Deng Jianming 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The extent to which key factors at the global scale influence plant biomass allocation patterns remains unclear. Here, we provide a theory about how biotic and abiotic factors influence plant biomass allocation and evaluate its predictions using a large global database for forested communities. Our analyses confirm theoretical predictions that temperature, precipitation, and plant height and density jointly regulate the quotient of leaf biomass and total biomass, and that they have a much weaker effect on shoot (leaf plus stem) biomass fractions at a global scale. Moreover, biotic factors have larger effects than abiotic factors. Climatic variables act equally on shoot and root growth, and differences in plant body size and age, as well as community species composition, which vary with climate in ways that drown out the variations in biomass fractions. The theory and data presented here provide mechanistic explanations of why climate has little effect on biomass fractions.
Incident Tuberculosis Diagnoses in Children at High Risk for Disease
Authors: Wong Milagros , Coit Julia M , Mendoza Milagros , Chiang Silvia S , Marin Helen , Galea Jerome T , Lecca Leonid , Franke Molly F 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We followed 35 children meeting a research definition for unconfirmed tuberculosis (TB) but in whom a pediatric pulmonologist did not diagnose or treat TB. After a median follow-up of 16.4 months, most children were not diagnosed with TB following a comprehensive evaluation. However, 2 were diagnosed with TB, demonstrating high TB risk (6%; exact 95% CI, 1%–19%). In some contexts, researchers may wish to supplement these research definitions with clinical decision data and longitudinal follow-up in order to improve specificity.
Get Privacy Trending: Best Practices for the Social Media Educator
Authors: Dong Sara W , Nolan Nathanial S , Chavez Miguel A , Li Yijia , Escota Gerome V , Stead Wendy 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Social media is an increasingly popular forum for medical education. Many educators, including those in infectious diseases, are now creating and sharing unique and educational patient cases online. Unfortunately, some educators unknowingly threaten patient privacy and open themselves to legal liability. Further, the use of published figures or tables creates risk of copyright infringement. As more and more infectious diseases physicians engage in social media, it is imperative to create best practices to protect both patients and physicians. This summary will define the legal requirements of patient de-identification as well as other practical recommendations as they relate to use of clinical case information, patient images, and attribution of primary references on social media.
Severe methemoglobinemia secondary to isobutyl nitrite toxicity: the case of the ‘Gold Rush’
Authors: Taylor Gregory M , Avera Robert S , Strachan Christian C , Briggs Christian M , Medler Jason P , Pafford Carl M , Gant Timothy B 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Isobutyl nitrite is one of the popular recreational drugs with high abuse potential that is known to cause methemoglobinemia. While inhaling this recreational drug, often referred to as a ‘popper’, is the typical route of administration, oral ingestion can produce a more rapid and fulminant course of methemoglobinemia. We present the case of a 69-year-old male that presented to our emergency department in extreme, life-threatening methemoglobinemia due to the ingestion of isobutyl nitrite that he obtained from an adult novelty store. The patient had a methemoglobin level above our lab cut-off of 28% and was subsequently treated with two doses of intravenous methylene blue. His hospital course was unremarkable, and he was discharged on Day 2. Methemoglobinemia is a medical emergency that requires a high index of clinical suspicion, prompt recognition, and rapid treatment.
How Do We Know That Russian Spies and Saboteurs (aka Hackers and Trolls) Intervened in the 2016 Presidential Election?
Authors: Jamieson Kathleen Hall 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Chapter 1 of Cyberwar outlines how we know that Russian agents, in the form of both hackers and trolls, intervened in the 2016 U.S. presidential election. After briefly summarizing the state of U.S.-Russia relations leading up to the 2016 U.S. election, this chapter details Trump’s and Putin’s denials of Russian interventions and the conspiracy theories used to deflect attention from the Russian origins of hacked content. The chapter also synopsizes the findings of U.S. intelligence agencies that confirmed Russian involvement and outlines the scope of the book and the assumptions underlying it.