bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatoprotective Activity of Acampe praemorsa
Authors: Uppala Praveen Kumar , Rao G. S. N. Koteswara , Reddy A. Rajasekhar , Umasankar K. , Joshitha C. , Anusha Kanagala , Siddiqui Nadeem , Mallick Sarada Prasanna 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Liver is one of major functional organ in body, its damage can alter body metabolisms and other organs’ function. So, it is very important to maintain the healthy liver. Now a days, different chemicals and inadequate use of medicines are causing liver impairments including alcohol consumption. There is a need to identify safe hepatoprotective drugs against liver diseases from different natural resources including medicinal plants. Several medicinal plants have been using in traditional medicines against several diseases including liver disease and many of them are not scientifically proven. So, the current study was aimed to evaluate hepatoprotective nature of Acampe praemorsa.
Methodology: The hepatoprotective activity of A. praemorsa was carried on ethanol-induced liver toxicity on albino wistar rats by evaluating the levels of liver biomarker enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine transaminase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Total protein (T.ptn), and Total bilirubin (T.Bil).
Results: The extracts of Acampe praemorsa were found to be safe at different doses as there were no mortality and physio-psychological changes observed in toxicity study. The extracts of Acampe praemorsa has showed dose dependent hepatoprotective activity on controlling the altered liver biomarker enzymes when compared along with standard drug Liv 52. The hydroalcoholic extract showed better activity compared to ethyl acetate extracts. The percentage protection on liver biomarker enzymes levels of hydro-alcoholic extract at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg on AST, ALT, ALP, T.ptn, and T.Bil was found to be 62.72%, 60.06%, 61.77%, 63.96% and 58.58% respectively.
Conclusion: The results of recent study support traditional medicinal use of Acampe praemorsa and provides the information about its’ hepatoprotective nature. The hepatoprotective activity of A. praemorsa was definitely due to presence of different phytochemical compounds in it as it was compared with Liv 52 which was also an herbal drug.
Corn response to incremental applications of sulfate‐sulfur
Authors: Goyal Diksha , Franzen David W. , Cihacek Larry Joseph , Chatterjee Amitava 
Published: June 2021

AbstractReports of sulfur (S) deficiency symptoms in corn (Zea mays L.) fields of the Red River Valley of North Dakota and Minnesota are increasing. Current soil tests cannot predict the availability of S correctly due to the presence of gypsum in soils of this region. Field trials were conducted to determine corn yield and S uptake response to incremental applications of S (0, 11, 22, 33, and 44 kg S ha–1) in the form of ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4]. Corn yield and S uptake varied significantly between sites. Out of 12 sites, only two sites had the highest corn yield without S application. Corn grain S removal ranged between 11 and 17 kg S ha–1 at harvest. Fertilizer‐S (SO4) application did not result in a significant yield response. The current recommendation of 11 kg S ha–1 may be necessary to reduce the risk of future S deficiency across this region and compensate for the removal of S in grain due to the uncertainty of adequate plant available S.
Reducing Defects Density and Enhancing Hole Extraction for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by π‐Pb2+ Interactions
Authors: Wen Lirong , Rao Yi , Zhu Mingzhe , Li Ruitao , Zhan Jingbo , Zhang Linbao , Wang Li , Li Ming , Pang Shuping , Zhou Zhongmin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMolecular doping is an of significance approach to reduce defects density of perovskite and to improve interfacial charge extraction in perovskite solar cells. Here, we show a new strategy for chemical doping of perovskite via an organic small molecule, which features a fused tricyclic core, showing strong intermolecular π‐Pb2+ interactions with under‐coordinated Pb2+ in perovskite. This π‐Pb2+ interactions could reduce defects density of the perovskite and suppress the nonradiative recombination, which was also confirmed by the density functional theory calculations. In addition, this doping via π‐Pb2+ interactions could deepen the surface potential and downshift the work function of the doped perovskite film, facilitating the hole extraction to hole transport layer. As a result, the doped device showed high efficiency of 21.41 % with ignorable hysteresis. This strategy of fused tricyclic core‐based doping provides a new perspective for the design of new organic materials to improve the device performance.
Photoactivated In Situ Generation of Near Infrared Cyanines for Spatiotemporally Controlled Fluorescence Imaging in Living Cells
Authors: Song Gang , Heng Hao , Wang Jiaqi , Liu Ronghua , Huang Yiming , Lu Huan , Du Ke , Feng Fude , Wang Shu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPhotoactivated trimerization of 2,3,3‐trimethyl‐3H‐indole derivatives created near infrared fluorophore Cy5. The synthetic method is air‐tolerant, photosensitizer free, metal free, and condensation agent free. Living cells make Cy5 on a time scale of minutes under white light irradiation at a low power intensity, with the monomer as the only exogenous agent. The new method is promising to find applications in cell studies for in situ spatiotemporally controlled fluorescence imaging in living cells.
Controlling the Covalent Reactivity of a Kinase Inhibitor with Light
Authors: Reynders Martin , Chaikuad Apirat , Berger Benedict‐Tilman , Bauer Katharina , Koch Pierre , Laufer Stefan , Knapp Stefan , Trauner Dirk 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCovalent kinase inhibitors account for some of the most successful drugs that have recently entered the clinic and many others are in preclinical development. A common strategy is to target cysteines in the vicinity of the ATP binding site using an acrylamide electrophile. To increase the tissue selectivity of kinase inhibitors, it could be advantageous to control the reactivity of these electrophiles with light. Here, we introduce covalent inhibitors of the kinase JNK3 that function as photoswitchable affinity labels (PALs). Our lead compounds contain a diazocine photoswitch, are poor non‐covalent inhibitors in the dark, and become effective covalent inhibitors after irradiation with visible light. Our proposed mode of action is supported by X‐ray structures that explain why these compounds are unreactive in the dark and undergo proximity‐based covalent attachment following exposure to light.
A Synergistic Strategy of Manipulating the Number of Selenophene Units and Dissymmetric Central Core of Small Molecular Acceptors Enables Polymer Solar Cells with 17.5 % Efficiency
Authors: Yang Can , An Qiaoshi , Bai Hai‐Rui , Zhi Hong‐Fu , Ryu Hwa Sook , Mahmood Asif , Zhao Xin , Zhang Shaowen , Woo Han Young , Wang Jin‐Liang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA dissymmetric backbone and selenophene substitution on the central core was used for the synthesis of symmetric or dissymmetric A‐DA′D‐A type non‐fullerene small molecular acceptors (NF‐SMAs) with different numbers of selenophene. From S‐YSS‐Cl to A‐WSSe‐Cl and to S‐WSeSe‐Cl, a gradually red‐shifted absorption and a gradually larger electron mobility and crystallinity in neat thin film was observed. A‐WSSe‐Cl and S‐WSeSe‐Cl exhibit stronger and tighter intermolecular π–π stacking interactions, extra S⋅⋅⋅N non‐covalent intermolecular interactions from central benzothiadiazole, better ordered 3D interpenetrating charge‐transfer networks in comparison with thiophene‐based S‐YSS‐Cl. The dissymmetric A‐WSSe‐Cl‐based device has a PCE of 17.51 %, which is the highest value for selenophene‐based NF‐SMAs in binary polymer solar cells. The combination of dissymmetric core and precise replacement of selenophene on the central core is effective to improve Jsc and FF without sacrificing Voc.
Synthesis of Rhodium Complexes with Chiral Diene Ligands via Diastereoselective Coordination and Their Application in the Asymmetric Insertion of Diazo Compounds into E−H Bonds
Authors: Ankudinov Nikita M. , Chusov Denis A. , Nelyubina Yulia V. , Perekalin Dmitry S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA new method for the synthesis of chiral diene rhodium catalysts is introduced. The readily available racemic tetrafluorobenzobarrelene complexes [(R2‐TFB)RhCl]2 were separated into two enantiomers via selective coordination of one of them with the auxiliary S‐salicyl‐oxazoline ligand. One of the resulting chiral complexes with an exceptionally bulky diene ligand [(R,R‐iPr2‐TFB)RhCl]2 was an efficient catalyst for the asymmetric insertion of diazoesters into B−H and Si−H bonds giving the functionalized organoboranes and silanes with high yields (79–97 %) and enantiomeric purity (87–98 % ee). The stereoselectivity of separation via auxiliary ligand and that of the catalytic reaction was predicted by DFT calculations.
Cycloaddition Cascades of Strained Alkynes and Oxadiazinones
Authors: Ramirez Melissa , Darzi Evan R. , Donaldson Joyann S. , Houk Kendall N. , Garg Neil K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe report a computational and experimental study of the reaction of oxadiazinones and strained alkynes to give polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The reaction proceeds by way of a pericyclic reaction cascade and leads to the formation of four new carbon−carbon bonds. Using M06‐2X DFT calculations, we interrogate several mechanistic aspects of the reaction, such as why the use of non‐aromatic strained alkynes can be used to access unsymmetrical PAHs, whereas the use of arynes in the methodology leads to symmetrical PAHs. In addition, experimental studies enable the rapid synthesis of new PAHs, including tetracene and pentacene scaffolds. These studies not only provide fundamental insight regarding the aforementioned cycloaddition cascades and synthetic access to PAH scaffolds, but are also expected to enable the synthesis of new materials.
Spatial Order of Functional Modules Enabling Diverse Intracellular Performance of Fluorescent Probes
Authors: Duan Chong , Hu Jing‐Jing , Liu Rui , Dai Jun , Duan Mojie , Yuan Lizhen , Xia Fan , Lou Xiaoding 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo overcome a series of challenges in tumor therapy, modular‐agent probes (MAPs) comprised of various functional modules have been proposed. Researchers have tried to optimize the MAPs by exploiting the new modules or increasing the numbers of module, while neglecting the configuration of various modules. Here, we focus on the different spatial arrangements of existing modules. By utilizing a tetraphenylethylene (TPE) derivative with stereochemical structure and dual modifiable end‐group sites as small molecule scaffold, two MAPs with same modular agents (module T for enhancing the internalization of MAPs by tumor cells and module M for causing mitochondrial dysfunction) but different spatial arrangements (on the one side, TM‐AIE, and two sides, T‐AIE‐M, of the molecule scaffold) are designed. T‐AIE‐M with larger RGD binding angle performed higher specificity, while TM‐AIE characterizing longer α‐helix structure displayed superior toxicity.
An Organic Host–Guest System Producing Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence at the Parts‐Per‐Billion Level
Authors: Chen Biao , Huang Wenhuan , Nie Xiancheng , Liao Fan , Miao Hui , Zhang Xuepeng , Zhang Guoqing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractManipulation of long‐lived triplet excitons in organic molecules is key to applications including next‐generation optoelectronics, background‐free bioimaging, information encryption, and photodynamic therapy. However, for organic room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP), which stems from triplet excitons, it is still difficult to simultaneously achieve efficiency and lifetime enhancement on account of weak spin–orbit coupling and rapid nonradiative transitions, especially in the red and near‐infrared region. Herein, we report that a series of fluorescent naphthalimides—which did not originally show observable phosphorescence in solution, as aggregates, in polymer films, or in any other tested host material, including heavy‐atom matrices at cryogenic temperatures—can now efficiently produce ultralong RTP (ϕ=0.17, τ=243 ms) in phthalimide hosts. Notably, red RTP (λRTP=628 nm) is realized at a molar ratio of less than 10 parts per billion, demonstrating an unprecedentedly low guest‐to‐host ratio where efficient RTP can take place in molecular solids.
Two‐Dimensional Metal‐Organic Framework Film for Realizing Optoelectronic Synaptic Plasticity
Authors: Liu Youxing , Wei Yanan , Liu Minghui , Bai Yichao , Liu Guocai , Wang Xinyu , Shang Shengcong , Gao Wenqiang , Du Changsheng , Chen Jianyi , Liu Yunqi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract2D metal‐organic framework (MOF) film as the active layer show promising application prospects in various fields including sensors, catalysis, and electronic devices. However, exploring the application of 2D MOF film in the field of artificial synapses has not been implemented yet. In this work, we fabricated a novel 2D MOF film (Cu‐THPP, THPP=5,10,15,20‐Tetrakis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐21H,23H‐porphine), and further used it as an active layer to explore the application in the simulation of human brain synapses. It shows excellent light‐stimulated synaptic plasticity properties, and exhibits the foundation function of synapses such as long‐term plasticity (LTP), short‐term plasticity (STP), and the conversion of STP to LTP. Most critically, the MOF based artificial synaptic device exhibits an excellent stability in atmosphere. This work opens the door for the application of 2D MOF film in the simulation of human brain synapses.
A Direct Organocatalytic Enantioselective Route to Functionalizedtrans‐Diels–Alder Products Having the Norcarane Scaffold
Authors: Barløse Casper L. , Østergaard Niklas L. , Bitsch René S. , Iversen Marc V. , Jørgensen Karl Anker 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn enantioselective methodology to construct trans‐Diels–Alder scaffolds by organocatalysis with excellent selectivity, high yield and up to five contiguous stereocenters is presented. The reaction concept integrates the halogen effect and a novel discovered pseudo‐halogen effect to direct an endo‐selective, secondary‐amine catalyzed Diels–Alder reaction allowing for the subsequent formation of trans‐Diels–Alder cycloadducts featuring the norcarene scaffold. The methodology relies on the reaction between an in situ generated trienamine and an α‐brominated or α‐pseudo‐halogenated enone to form a fleeting cis‐Diels–Alder intermediate. The endo‐transition state‐enhanced by the (pseudo‐)halogen effect‐sets the stereochemistry that allows for a subsequent SN2‐like reaction at a tertiary center to obtain the trans‐Diels–Alder scaffold. The mechanism was investigated and supported by experimental results as well as computational studies.
A Molecular Hybrid of an Atomically Precise Silver Nanocluster and Polyoxometalates for H2 Cleavage into Protons and Electrons
Authors: Yonesato Kentaro , Yamazoe Seiji , Yokogawa Daisuke , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Suzuki Kosuke 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAtomically precise silver (Ag) nanoclusters are promising materials as catalysts, photocatalysts, and sensors because of their unique structures and mixed‐valence states (Ag+/Ag0). However, their low stability hinders the in‐depth study of their intrinsic reactivity and catalytic property accompanying their redox processes. Herein, we demonstrate that a molecular hybrid of an atomically precise {Ag27}17+ nanocluster and polyoxometalates (POMs) can efficiently cleave H2 into protons and electrons. The Ag nanocluster accommodates electrons through the redox reaction from {Ag27}17+ to {Ag27}13+, and the POM ligands play the following important roles: (i) a significant stabilization of the typically unstable Ag nanocluster to preserve its structure during the redox reaction with H2, (ii) formation of a unique interface between the Ag nanocluster and metal oxides for efficient H2 cleavage, and (iii) storage of the generated protons on the negatively charged basic surface.
Programmable RNA N1‐Methyladenosine Demethylation by a Cas13d‐Directed Demethylase
Authors: Xie Shanshan , Jin Hao , Yang Feng , Zheng Hong , Chang Yongxia , Liao Ying , Zhang Ye , Zhou Tianhua , Li Yang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractN1‐methyladenosine (m1A) is a prevalent and reversible RNA modification, which plays a crucial role in the regulation of RNA fate and gene expression. However, the lack of tools to precisely manipulate m1A sites in specific transcripts has hindered efforts to clarify the association between a specific m1A‐modified transcript and its phenotypic outcomes. Here we develop a CRISPR‐Cas13d‐based tool called reengineered m1A modification valid eraser (termed “REMOVER”) for targeted m1A demethylation of a specific transcript. The catalytically inactive RfxCas13d (dCasRx) is fused to the m1A demethylase ALKBH3, and the dCasRx‐ALKBH3 fusion protein can mediate potent demethylation of m1A‐modified RNAs. We further find that REMOVER can specifically demethylate m1A of MALAT1 and PRUNE1 RNAs, thereby significantly increasing their stability. Our study establishes REMOVER as a tool for targeted RNA demethylation of specific m1A‐modified transcripts, which enables further elucidation of the relationship between m1A modification of specific transcripts and their phenotypic outcomes.
Influence of V/P switchover point, injection speed, and holding pressure on quality consistency of injection‐molded parts
Authors: Huang Ming‐Shyan , Nian Shih‐Chih , Lin Guan‐Ting 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDuring the injection molding of molten polymers, the control strategy is switched from speed control to pressure control at the filling‐to‐packing (V/P) switchover point. V/P switchover influences part quality and process stability. V/P switchover timing traditionally depends on the degree of volumetric filling of molten polymer in the cavity and is limited to obtain a smooth and repeatable pressure curve for each injection, indicating consistent part quality. Repeatability is affected by the V/P switchover point, injection speed, holding pressure, and holding time. This study clarifies the effect of the injection speed, V/P switchover point, and first‐stage holding pressure setting on cavity pressure curves and injection molding quality. These factors were optimized and verified through the injection molding of integrated circuit trays. The experimental results indicate that adjusting the rear speed of filling stage, V/P switchover point, and first‐stage holding pressure, can yield the ideal pressure curve and improve process stability. Compared with the initial process parameter setting, part warpage was reduced by 40% from 0.042 to 0.025 mm, deviation of part width at the end of the filling pattern was reduced by 54% from 0.024 to 0.011 mm, and width range was reduced by 50% from 0.006 to 0.003 mm.
High‐throughput CRISPR‐mediated 3D enrichment platform for functional interrogation of chemotherapeutic resistance
Authors: Grandhi Taraka S. P. , To Jeremy , Romero Angelica , Luna Fabio , Barnes Whitney , Walker John , Moran Rita , Newlin Robbin , Miraglia Loren , Orth Anthony P. , Horman Shane R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCancer is a disease of somatic mutations. These cellular mutations compete to dominate their microenvironment and dictate the disease outcome. While a therapeutic approach to target‐specific oncogenic driver mutations helps to manage the disease, subsequent molecular evolution of tumor cells threatens to overtake therapeutic progress. There is a need for rapid, high‐throughput, unbiased in vitro discovery screening platforms that capture the native complexities of the tumor and rapidly identify mutations that confer chemotherapeutic drug resistance. Taking the example of the CDK4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) class of drugs, we show that the pooled in vitro CRISPR screening platform enables rapid discovery of drug resistance mutations in a three‐dimensional (3D) setting. Gene‐edited cancer cell clones assembled into an organotypic multicellular tumor spheroid (MCTS), exposed to CDK4/6i caused selection and enrichment of the most drug‐resistant phenotypes, detectable by next‐gen sequencing after a span of 28 days. The platform was sufficiently sensitive to enrich for even a single drug‐resistant cell within a large, drug‐responsive complex 3D tumor spheroid. The genome‐wide 3D CRISPR‐mediated knockout screen (>18,000 genes) identified several genes whose disruptions conferred resistance to CDK4/6i. Furthermore, multiple novel candidate genes were identified as top hits only in the microphysiological 3D enrichment assay platform and not the conventional 2D assays. Taken together, these findings suggest that including phenotypic 3D resistance profiling in decision trees could improve discovery and reconfirmation of drug resistance mechanisms and afford a platform for exploring noncell autonomous interactions, selection pressures, and clonal competition.
Antiplasmodial and Cytotoxic Activities of Extract and Compounds from Ozoroa obovata (Oliv.) R. & A. Fern. var. obovata
Authors: Tajuddeen Nasir , Swart Tarryn , Hoppe Heinrich C. , van Heerden Fanie R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOzoroa obovata (Oliv.) R. & A. Fern. var. obovata found in KwaZulu‐Natal in South Africa was investigated for phytochemical constituents, and for antiplasmodial and cytotoxic effects. The plant leaves were collected from the University of KwaZulu‐Natal (UKZN) arboretum on the Pietermaritzburg Campus, in March 2019. The inhibitory activity against 3D7 Plasmodium falciparum was determined using the parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) assay and cytotoxicity against HeLa cells was evaluated using the resazurin assay. The bioactive compounds were isolated by chromatographic purification and their structures were established with spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques. The plant leaf extract displayed significant antiplasmodial activity at 50 μg/mL and was also cytotoxic against HeLa cells. Chromatographic purification of the extract led to the isolation of two biflavonoids, four flavonoid glycosides, a steroid glycoside, and a megastigmene derivative. The compounds displayed antiplasmodial and antiproliferative activities at 50 μg/mL but the activity was substantially reduced at 10 μg/mL. The activities and compounds are being reported in O. obovata for the first time.
Promises and Challenges of Sn‐Based Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries†
Authors: Hu Chenjing , Hou Xiaoxiao , Bai Zhongchao , Yun Longteng , Zhang Xuanrui , Wang Nana , Yang Jian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSn‐based composites are considered as one of the promising anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to their high theoretical capacities and suitable operation voltages. However, they suffer the huge volume change and unstable electrolyte/electrode interface during sodiation/desodiation, which causes structure collapse and serious capacity loss. In the past few years, great efforts have been made to ameliorate the performances of Sn by rationally designing electrode structures/components or optimizing electrolyte composition. Here, the underlying sodium‐storage reactions in Sn are summarized based on the results from theoretical calculations and advanced characterizations. Then, the recent progresses of Sn‐based composites, i.e., Sn‐based alloys, Sn/C composites, and Sn oxides/sulfides, with various structures for SIBs are discussed in details. After that, how the electrolyte affects solid‐electrolyte interphase and the electrochemical performances is shown. Finally, the future directions for the applications of Sn‐based composites in SIBs are suggested. Hence, this review provides a comprehensive scenario about the applications of Sn‐based composites in SIBs. It will benefit the future development of alloy‐type anodes in SIBs.