bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Purification and characterization of phytase from Bacillus subtilis P6: Evaluation for probiotic potential for possible application in animal feed
Authors: Trivedi Shraddha , Husain Islam , Sharma Anjana 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe antinutritional property of phytate is the main problem associated with food animals, but phytase‐producing probiotic strain could be the best alternative for resolving this problem. In the present study, phytase from probiotic strain Bacillus subtilis P6 was purified to homogeneity, which showed a relative molecular mass of 40 kDa on native and SDS‐PAGE. The purification fold of purified phytase was 86.99, with a specific activity of 104.39 U/mg protein. The purified enzyme showed optimum activity at 40°C and pH 6.0. Semi‐metal ions, such as K+ and Ca2+, slightly enhance the enzyme activity while Cu2+, Co2+, and Zn2+ prominently inhibited phytase activity. Purified phytase showed the highest substrate specificity toward its natural substrate phytate and did not hydrolyze other substrates having a phosphate bond. The purified enzyme exhibited strong proteolytic tolerance against trypsin and pepsin. Further, we evaluated the probiotic potential of B. subtilis and noted that it showed excellent resistance toward high acidic and bile concentrations. Subsequently, it revealed exceptional antimicrobial activity, good hydrophobicity, autoaggregation ability, nonhemolytic, and nonlecithinase activity. Additionally, B. subtilis P6 displayed susceptibility against major antibiotics. Owing to the excellent biochemical properties of phytase with notable probiotic characteristics, B. subtilis P6 may offer the possibility of being a promising candidate for the application in animal feed and food supplements. However, the in vivo use of strain secreting phytase needs to be studied in animals for its intended benefits
Incidence of bowel injury during gynecologic surgery for benign indications: A nationwide cross‐sectional study of cases from 2009 to 2018
Authors: Yuk Jin‐Sung , Cho Hyunjin , Kim Myoung H. , Gwak Geumhee , Seo Yong‐Soo , Yang Keunho , Yang Seung W. , Bae Byung‐Noe , Yoon Sang‐Hee , Lee Yujin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the incidence and risk factors of intestinal injury during gynecologic surgery for benign diseases, based on a national database.MethodThe study cohort was generated by extracting patients with operation codes for benign gynecologic diseases from the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service National Inpatient Sample from 2009 to 2018. After analyzing the incidence of bowel injury during gynecologic surgery, a multivariate analysis was performed to identify the associated risk factors for bowel injury.ResultsAmong 81 451 patients who underwent gynecologic surgery for benign diseases, the incidence of bowel injury was 6.14 per 1000 women. The risk of bowel injury decreased with laparoscopy (odds ratio [OR] 0.54; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.41–0.69; P < 0.001) and increased with subtotal hysterectomy (OR 2.83; 95% CI 1.79–4.46; P < 0.001) and adnexectomy (OR 2.83; 95% CI 1.93–4.16; P < 0.001). Old age, higher Charlson comorbidity index, low socioeconomic status, and a higher clinic grade were associated with a higher risk of bowel injury.ConclusionThis study revealed the incidence of bowel injury during benign gynecologic surgery in a Korean national population‐based cohort. The risk of bowel injury increased with open surgery, subtotal hysterectomy, and adnexectomy.
APOE polymorphism status (E4) may help in predicting the risk of recurrent implantation failure
Authors: Mohtasebi Parinaz , Eslami Maryam , Ramezanali Fariba , Borjian Boroujeni Parnaz , Rokhsat Talab Zeinab , Zamanian Mohammadreza 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphisms and incidence of recurrent implantation failure (RIF).MethodsIn a case–control study, 100 women with RIF were compared with 100 women with at least one live child. DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood and APOE genotyping was performed through polymerase chain reaction, followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's χ2 test.ResultsOur data revealed a significantly higher frequency for the E3/E4 genotype and E4 allele in the RIF group compared with controls. Significant differences in frequencies of the E4 allele (odds ratio [OR] 2.176; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.131–4.185; P = 0.026) and E3/E4 genotype (OR 2.203; 95% CI 1.092–4.443; P = 0.038) were observed between the groups.ConclusionThe E4 polymorphism is correlated with RIF occurrence in women undergoing assisted reproductive treatment and potentially can be considered as a risk factor to the human implantation process.
Late‐onset Hem‐o‐Lok® migration into the bladder after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors: Ohyama Takehiro , Shimbo Masaki , Endo Fumiyasu , Hattori Kazunori 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionHem‐o‐Lok® clips are widely used in robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy because of their ease of application and secure clamping. Although there have been some reports of their migration into the urinary tract, this usually occurs a few months after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy. Late‐onset cases of Hem‐o‐Lok® clip migration, that is, after more than 1 year, are rare.Case presentationsWe report three cases of delayed endourethral Hem‐o‐Lok® clip migration more than 2 years after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy. The Hem‐o‐Lok® clips were almost completely endoluminal, and were attached at one end to the vesicourethral anastomosis. We successfully removed them via transurethral surgery using a holmium laser.ConclusionThis case series describes late‐onset Hem‐o‐Lok® clip migration into the bladder more than 1 year after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy. Transurethral holmium laser surgery was very effective for Hem‐o‐Lok® clip removal. To avoid involvement of Hem‐o‐Lok® clips in the vesicourethral anastomosis, appropriate resection at the time of bladder neck transection is important.
Acute renal failure due to severe bilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction treated by urinary drainage in a 2‐year‐old infant
Authors: Suda Kazuto , Nakajima Hideaki , Yanai Toshihiro 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionConscientious follow‐up is essential for bilateral grade 4 hydronephrosis with ureteropelvic junction obstruction to ensure optimal surgical timing. We have reported a case of a male infant who required emergent urinary drainage due to severe bilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction‐derived acute renal failure.Case presentationBilateral grade 4 hydronephrosis was diagnosed in a male neonate. Vesicoureteral reflux was ruled out. Two years after the initial diagnosis, he developed acute renal failure and underwent bilateral emergent urinary drainage, followed by multiple urinary tract reconstructions against left ureterovesical junction stenosis and bilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction. The postoperative renogram demonstrated a bilateral nonobstructive pattern.ConclusionBilateral emergency drainage for acute renal failure was successful without hemodialysis. Unilateral drainage or pyeloplasty should be planned early for bilateral grade 4 hydronephrosis with ureteropelvic junction obstruction to avoid lethal events if the obstruction pattern with decreased split renal function is <40% or if it is symptomatic.
Effect of pH on lactic acid fermentation of food waste using different mixed culture inocula
Authors: Pau Simone , Tan Lea Chua , Lens Piet NL 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDIncreasing amounts of food waste (FW) have become a critical problem in the last few decades. Sustainable methods to limit the impact of FW on the environment are required. FW valorisation through lactic acid (LA) fermentation can assist by producing a valuable commodity from a cheap substrate. LA is a chemical with increasing market potential, it is used in several industrial sectors, and it is the main component of polylactic acid bioproducts.RESULTSThe role of pH on LA production from FW was tested with three anaerobic inocula and a control with solely FW. The most suitable condition for LA production was at pH < 4. The best results in terms of final LA concentration (1.8 gCOD L–1), yield (224 mgCOD/gVS), and COD conversion (50%) were found in uncontrolled pH conditions with no external inoculum addition. FW already has a good abundance of LA bacteria that are responsible for lactate production. Among the external inocula supplied, primary sludge best enabled LA accumulation at a high concentration (1.3 g COD L–1) and yield (167 mgCOD/gVS).CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrates that the reactor pH is a key factor to stimulate LA acid fermentation and its accumulation. Under acidic conditions, LA accumulated in the system instead of being converted to volatile fatty acids (VFAs); this was likely due to the inhibition of the microbial community responsible for VFAs production. Uncontrolled pH condition impacts positively the overall fermentation cost since the alkalinizing agents used to keep pH neutral are not required and simplifies the downstream processes for LA extraction and purification. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Comparing nitisinone 2 mg and 10 mg in the treatment of alkaptonuria—An approach using statistical modelling
Authors: Ranganath Lakshminarayan R. , Milan Anna M. , Hughes Andrew T. , Khedr Milad , Norman Brendan P. , Alsbou Mohammed , Imrich Richard , Gornall Matthew , Sireau Nicolas , Gallagher James A. , Jackson Richard 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundOutcomes from studies employing nitisinone 10 mg and 2 mg in alkaptonuria were compared.Patients and methodsSixty‐nine patients in each of the nitisinone (10 mg daily) and controls of suitability of nitisinone in alkaptonuria 2 (SONIA 2), as well as 37 and 23 in nitisinone (2 mg daily) and control cohorts at the National Alkaptonuria Centre (NAC), respectively, were followed up for 4 years. Severity of alkaptonuria (AKU) was assessed by the AKU Severity Score Index (AKUSSI). 24‐h urine homogentisic acid (uHGA24), serum HGA (sHGA), serum tyrosine (sTYR) and serum nitisinone (sNIT) were also analysed at each time point. Dietetic support was used in the NAC, but not in SONIA 2. Safety outcomes were also compared. All statistical analyses were post hoc.ResultsThe slope of the AKUSSI was 0.55, 0.19, 0.30, and 0.06 per month in the control NAC, nitisinone NAC, control SONIA 2, and nitisinone SONIA 2 cohorts, respectively. The intersection of the slopes on the x‐axis was −132, −411, −295, and − 1460 months, respectively. The control and nitisinone slope comparisons were statistically significant both in the NAC (p < 0.001) and the SONIA 2 (p < 0.001). Corneal keratopathy occurred in 3 and 10 patients in the NAC and SONIA 2, respectively.DiscussionThe nitisinone 10 mg dose decreased disease progression more than the 2 mg dose although the incidence of corneal keratopathy was 14.5% and 4.9%, respectively.ConclusionNitisinone 10 mg decreased urine and serum HGA, increased serum tyrosine, and decreased disease progression more than 2 mg. Low‐protein dietetic support may be needed to mitigate tyrosinaemia following nitisinone.Highlights
Nitisinone 10 mg apparently slows alkaptonuria disease progression more than 2 mg in adults.
Corneal keratopathy during nitisinone therapy was more common in men.
Serum nitisinone concentrations increased significantly over time.
Nitisinone may inhibit cytochrome P450 self catabolism.
Insights into the role of vaginal microbiome in women's health
Authors: Deka Namrata , Hassan Saqib , Seghal Kiran George , Selvin Joseph 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe vaginal microbiome is a complex and dynamic microecosystem that fluctuates continually throughout a woman's life. Lactobacillus, a bacterium that possesses antibacterial properties dominates a healthy vaginal microbiome. Bacterial vaginosis is the most common vaginal disorder that has been linked with the dysbiosis of normal vaginal microbiota. Despite the importance of vaginal microbiome, little is known about functions it performs especially, how it helps in protecting the female reproductive tract. This knowledge gap is a significant impediment to the development of effective and feasible clinical treatments that might be required to improve women's health. Thus, a deeper understanding of the functional aspects and not just the composition of vaginal microbiome may aid in improving the diagnostics and treatment strategies. Recent advancement in molecular methods and computational biology have allowed researchers to acquire more knowledge about the vaginal microbiome. The use of metagenomics (culture‐independent high‐throughput technology) and bioinformatics tools have improved our understanding of the vaginal microbiome. In this review, we have attempted to explore the factors that may alter normal vaginal microbiota homeostasis such as age, sexual behavior, ethnicity, and hygiene, and so forth. We also discuss the role of probiotics in restoring healthy vaginal microbiome.
Laser beam welding of deoxidized copper: microstructure investigation and thermodynamic consideration
Authors: von Lintel H. , Böhlke P. , Wobker H.‐G. , Michels W. , Krupp U. , Jahns K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDuring the deep‐penetration welding of phosphorus deoxidized copper, a multitude of reactions occur which influence the formation of phases inside the welding region. Thereby, the microstructure evolution during laser beam welding depends on the chemical composition of the alloy as well as of the gaseous environment. As a result of reactions in a phosphorus rich copper melt, copper phosphides are formed which are located inside the grains as well as at the grain boundaries. Meanwhile, the formation of phosphorus pentoxide and an uncomplete decomposition of copper‐I‐oxide to elemental copper and phosphorus pentoxide were identified at the keyhole. Thereby, the decomposition of copper‐I‐oxide depends on the oxygen concentration. Thus, a complete decomposition of copper‐I‐oxide to elemental copper and phosphorus pentoxide was observed at the bottom side of the welding region due to a higher oxygen concentration.
Synthesis and characterisation of cerium sulphide over optical fiber and its gas sensing application
Authors: Theoderaj A.K.C. , Jacob I.D. , Chitra M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, a cladding‐modified optical fiber‐based gas sensor is proposed for detection of carbon dioxide gas. Cerium disulphide (CeS2) is synthesised and coated by chemical bath deposition (CBD) route over the region in which cladding is removed. This synthesised cerium disulphide is characterised by x‐ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence spectrum (PL), ultra violet‐visible absorption spectrum, ultra violet ‐visible reflectance and transmittance spectrum, scanning electron microscope images (SEM) and energy dispersive x‐ray spectrum (EDX). The response of the sensor is recorded for different concentrations of test gases (nitrogen dioxide and carbon dioxide) and the sensor's selectivity is compared and analysed. It is observed that cerium disulphide is more sensitive to carbon dioxide compared to nitrogen dioxide.
Design of optical system of photoelectric detection sensor and flare signal processing with array lens
Authors: Zhang Xuewei , Li Hanshan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBecause the flare signal formed by projectile explosion is affected by the external environment, it is difficult for multi‐acoustic sensor array to obtain accurate synchronization signal. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a design method of ultra‐wide‐angle photoelectric detection sensor by using circular curved surface array lens, analyze the detection ability of photoelectric detection sensor with array lens, and establish the output signal function calculation model. According to the output signal of flare detection circuit, the feature points detection algorithm of modulus maxima based on wavelet transform is studied. Based on this algorithm, the signal is processed on the hardware processor to output the actual flare trigger control signal. The processing and recognition algorithm of signal mainly uses the relationship among wavelet modulus maxima, scale, Lipschitz index, and signal singularity to select the appropriate wavelet basis to process the flare signal formed by projectile explosion. Thus, the feature points of the flare signal singularity can be obtained. When the detection conditions of the feature points of the signal singularity are satisfied, the hardware outputs pulse signals to control the acoustic sensor array. The experimental results show that the designed detection algorithm of wavelet filtering and modulus maxima feature points can effectively detect the flare signal.
Jordanian migration and mobility in the Middle Bronze Age (ca. 2100–1550 BCE) at Pella
Authors: Stantis Chris , Maaranen Nina , Kharobi Arwa , Nowell Geoff M. , Macpherson Colin , Schutkowski Holger , Bourke Stephen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe site of Pella, located in the foothills of the east Jordan valley, was a prosperous city–state throughout the Middle Bronze Age (MBA, ca. 2000–1500 BCE). As part of a widespread trading network, Pella enjoyed extensive socio‐economic relationships with Egypt, Cyprus, and the Aegean, Anatolia, and Babylonia during this period. We report isotopic analysis (87Sr/86Sr, δ18O, and δ13C) from enamel of 22 human permanent second molars of which 13 second lower molars were used for an additional biodistance analysis based on ASUDAS. The multidisciplinary approach investigates the ancestral background of MBA Pella and the degree of temporary or more permanent relocation from other settlements. Ancillary to carbonate isotope analysis for migration investigation, dietary information in the form of δ13Ccarbonate was also collected. δ13Ccarbonate values (mean −12.3‰ ± 0.4 SD) suggest a uniform diet reliant on C3 cereals and legumes as crops and animal fodder, adhering to expected Bronze Age Levantine dietary norms. Two methods are used to identify non‐locals. Using a biospheric baseline, three individuals with non‐local 87Sr/86Sr ratios are identified. Bagplot analysis of both 87Sr/86Sr and δ18O data suggests that three individuals (14%) grew up elsewhere; two individuals who were already identified as 87Sr/86Sr outliers using biospheric data and one more with outlying δ18O values. All individuals identified as non‐locals, using either method, are from one tomb, Tomb 62. The dental nonmetric traits indicated diverse morphology and subsequent ancestry for Tomb 62 (11/13), whereas primary burials (2/13) clustered together. The commingled condition of Tomb 62 material prevented a more exhaustive biodistance analysis, but the tentative results coincide with interpretations of the tomb. Significant movements of populations throughout the Middle Bronze Age are evidenced through funerary rituals and architecture, and this study demonstrates that Pella, thought to be peripheral, nonetheless had some permanent movement evidenced through isotopes and ancestry analysis.
SWI/SNF‐deficient undifferentiated malignancies: where to draw the line†
Authors: Tessier‐Cloutier Basile , Kleinman Claudia L , Foulkes William D 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlterations in chromatin remodelling genes are increasingly recognised as drivers of undifferentiated malignancies. In atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumours (ATRTs) and extracranial rhabdoid tumours (ECRTs), inactivation of SMARCB1 underlies >95% of cases. In the remainder, the culprit is another SWI/SNF family member, SMARCA4. By contrast, in small cell carcinoma of the ovary hypercalcaemic type (SCCOHT), SMARCA4 deficiency is by far the most common driver mechanism, while SMARCB1 alterations are rarely seen. It is unclear why alterations are so heavily weighted towards one or another subunit based on site alone, but both have become essential markers for the diagnosis and management of these undifferentiated lesions. Core SMARCA4‐deficient undifferentiated malignancies share an aggressive clinical course and show an overlapping morphologic phenotype. In their study, Andrianteranagna, Cyrta and colleagues used DNA methylation and gene expression profiling to compare two subsets of SMARCA4‐deficient malignancies diagnosed as SCCOHT and ECRT. Their work gives further insight into the subtle molecular spectrum of SMARCA4‐deficient tumours, and their distinction from ATRT and ECRT with SMARCB1 inactivation. The characterisation of these molecular features is likely to play an important role in the future as we try to establish a clinically meaningful framework for the diagnosis and management of these lesions. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epidemiological characteristics and survival outcomes of children with medulloblastoma treated at the National Cancer Institute (INCA) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Oigman Gabriela , Osorio Diana S. , Ferman Sima , Stanek Joseph R. , Aversa do Souto Antonio , Christiani Marcio M. C. , Magalhaes Denise M. A. , Finlay Jonathan L. , Vianna Denizar A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundMedulloblastoma (MB),the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood has survival outcomes exceeding 80% for standard‐risk and 60% for high‐risk patients in high‐income countries (HICs). These results have not been replicated in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), where 80% of children with cancer live.MethodsThis is a retrospective review of 114 children aged 3–18 years diagnosed with MB from 1997 to 2016 at National Cancer Institute (INCA). Sociodemographic, clinical, and treatment data were extracted from the medical records and summarized descriptively. Overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsThe male‐to‐female ratio was 1.32 and the median age at diagnosis was 8.2 years. Headache (83%) and nausea/vomiting (78%) were the most common presenting symptoms. Five‐year OS was 59.1% and PFS was 58.4%. The OS for standard‐risk and high‐risk patients was 69% and 53%, respectively. The median time to diagnosis interval was 50.5 days and the median time from surgery to radiation therapy initiation was 50.4 days. Patients who lived >40 km from INCA fared better (OS = 68.2% vs. 51.1%, p = .032). Almost 20% of families lived below the Brazilian minimum wage. Forty‐five patients (35%) had metastatic disease at admission. Gross total resection was achieved in 57% of the patitents.ConclusionsAlthough there are considerable barriers to deliver effective MB treatment in countries like Brazil, the OS seen in the present study demonstrates that good outcomes are not only feasible but can and should be increased with appropriate interventions.