bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping the benefits of nature in cities with the InVEST software
Authors: Hamel P. , Guerry A. D. , Polasky S. , Han B. , Douglass J. A. , Hamann M. , Janke B. , Kuiper J. J. , Levrel H. , Liu H. , Lonsdorf E. , McDonald R. I. , Nootenboom C. , Ouyang Z. , Remme R. P. , Sharp R. P. , Tardieu L. , Viguié V. , Xu D. , Zheng H. , Daily G. C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNatural infrastructure such as parks, forests, street trees, green roofs, and coastal vegetation is central to sustainable urban management. Despite recent progress, it remains challenging for urban decision-makers to incorporate the benefits of natural infrastructure into urban design and planning. Here, we present an approach to support the greening of cities by quantifying and mapping the diverse benefits of natural infrastructure for now and in the future. The approach relies on open-source tools, within the InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs) software, that compute biophysical and socio-economic metrics relevant to a variety of decisions in data-rich or data-scarce contexts. Through three case studies in China, France, and the United States, we show how spatially explicit information about the benefits of nature enhances urban management by improving economic valuation, prioritizing land use change, and promoting inclusive planning and stakeholder dialogue. We discuss limitations of the tools, including modeling uncertainties and a limited suite of output metrics, and propose research directions to mainstream natural infrastructure information in integrated urban management.
A glacier–ocean interaction model for tsunami genesis due to iceberg calving
Authors: Wolper Joshuah , Gao Ming , Lüthi Martin P. , Heller Valentin , Vieli Andreas , Jiang Chenfanfu , Gaume Johan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGlaciers calving icebergs into the ocean significantly contribute to sea-level rise and can trigger tsunamis, posing severe hazards for coastal regions. Computational modeling of such multiphase processes is a great challenge involving complex solid–fluid interactions. Here, a new continuum damage Material Point Method has been developed to model dynamic glacier fracture under the combined effects of gravity and buoyancy, as well as the subsequent propagation of tsunami-like waves induced by released icebergs. We reproduce the main features of tsunamis obtained in laboratory experiments as well as calving characteristics, the iceberg size, tsunami amplitude and wave speed measured at Eqip Sermia, an ocean-terminating outlet glacier of the Greenland ice sheet. Our hybrid approach constitutes important progress towards the modeling of solid–fluid interactions, and has the potential to contribute to refining empirical calving laws used in large-scale earth-system models as well as to improve hazard assessments and mitigation measures in coastal regions, which is essential in the context of climate change.
Elucidation of the molecular interactions that enable stable assembly and structural diversity in multicomponent immune receptors
Authors: Fong Lam-Kiu , Chalkley Matthew J. , Tan Sophia K. , Grabe Michael , DeGrado William F. 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Receptors that separate ligand recognition and intracellular signaling into separate protein subunits are ubiquitous in immunity. These subunits mix and match to create combinatorial functional diversity. The transmembrane domains of these receptors assemble through the interaction between two acidic and one basic residue on different helices. Using computational methods to study the DAP12-NKG2C receptor complex, we identified a polar motif in which a singly-protonated Asp-Asp pair forms a carboxyl-carboxylate clamp that clasps a charged Lys side chain in the membrane. This local interaction allows dynamic variations in other regions of the helices that tolerate sequence diversity of the interacting subunits in this class of receptors, which signal through multisubunit clustering rather than propagation of rigid conformational changes through the membrane.
C1q binding to surface-bound IgG is stabilized by C1r2s2proteases
Authors: Zwarthoff Seline A. , Widmer Kevin , Kuipers Annemarie , Strasser Jürgen , Ruyken Maartje , Aerts Piet C. , de Haas Carla J. C. , Ugurlar Deniz , den Boer Maurits A. , Vidarsson Gestur , van Strijp Jos A. G. , Gros Piet , Parren Paul W. H. I. , van Kessel Kok P. M. , Preiner Johannes , Beurskens Frank J. , Schuurman Janine , Ricklin Daniel , Rooijakkers Suzan H. M. 
Published: June 2021

SignificanceAntibody-dependent complement activation plays a major role in various pathophysiological processes in our body, including infection, inflammation, autoimmunity, and transplant rejection. In order to activate complement, antibodies should bind to target cells and recruit complement component C1. C1 is a large, multimolecular complex that consists of the antibody recognition protein C1q and a heterotetramer of proteases (C1r2s2). Although it is believed that interactions between C1 and IgGs are solely mediated by C1q, we here show that C1r2s2proteases affect the capacity of C1q to form an avid complex with surface-bound IgG molecules. Furthermore, we demonstrate that C1q–IgG stability is influenced by IgG oligomerization and that promoting IgG oligomerization improves phagocytosis of the pathogenic bacteriumStaphylococcus aureus.
The Patterson function as auto-hologram and graph enables the direct solution to the phase problem for coherently illuminated atomistic structures
Authors: Calvo-Almazán Irene , Fenter Paul 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The coherent Patterson function, derived from the coherent scattering intensities from N atoms, can be described as an auto-holographic image, i.e., the superposition of N-holographic images in which each atom serves as the source of a different reference wave, and as a mathematical graph of the unknown structure. These insights indicate that the unknown structure is significantly over-determined by the inherent information content in a Patterson function by a factor of (N − 1)/2 (for non-degenerate structures), independent of dimensionality. However, we also show that the ability to resolve the distinct features in the Patterson function depends strongly on details of the experimental design (data range, sampling frequency, and dimensionality). This re-interpretation suggests that the coherent Patterson function provides a natural context for describing the information content in coherent scattering, reveals that there is no inherent phase problem for coherently illuminated pointwise structures, and enables the design of an algorithm which retrieves the structure directly from the Patterson function, without using error metric minimization.
Method of the numerical modelling of unstationary processes in the combustion chamber of a gas turbine engine
Authors: Savchuk A T , Yakovlev A A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Estimation of the stability margins of combustion processes in the combustion chamber of a gas turbine engine is a vital task of current subsonic and supersonic propulsion engineering and this article describes the approach to its Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation. The aim of the work is to create and verify a methodology for assessing the stability regimes of combustion processes in the combustion chamber of a gas turbine engine based on an artificial simulation of the excitation of non-stationary processes in the temperature-pressure parameters using “ANSYS Fluent”. The further comparison of the computed results and the real data of the physical experiment in the model device will take place to verify the method. During the research this methodology and a software product will be developed for computing the characteristics of the combustion processes before and after the excitation of the artificial unstable process. This technique, when verified, will allow to clarify the instability limits for specific operating modes (engine stall, flame suppression, lean flameout) of existing and projected gas turbine engines. The obtained numerical results allow us to make an assumption about the fundamental possibility of obtaining convergent solutions in close according with the future experimental data.
Stress state analysis of laminated shells with piezoelectric layers based on the refined theory
Authors: Nguyen L H , Firsanov V V 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper presents stress state analysis of composite cylindrical shells bonded piezoelectric layers in the top and bottom surfaces. The laminated smart shell is subjected to electric potential and mechanical loading. The mathematical model of electroelasticity behaviour is based on the refined theory and virtual work principle. The governing differential equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations by means of trigonometric function expansion for displacement and electric potential. Operative method is used to solution of boundary problem. Stress-strain state of smart cylinder for electromechanical loads with clamped support is provided. Numerical results are presented showing the effect of boundary layer at clamped edges and comparison between the obtained results to the classical theory of the Kirchhoff-Love type is accurate.
Sufficient conditions for H-infinity control on the finite time interval
Authors: Panteleev A V , Yakovleva A A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The article considers a problem of control of linear non-stationary continuous dynamical systems on a finite time interval. It is assumed that information about the linear output of the controlled system is available instead of the full state vector. The problem of the synthesis of H-infinity regulators is formulated. Based on the ideas of the extension principle, sufficient conditions for H-infinity control are formulated and proved, the best control law for an object and the worst control law for external disturbances with full state feedback are found. Since the exact implementation of the obtained control laws in the absence of complete information about the state is impossible, two approaches to the approximate solution of the problem are proposed. Both approaches are associated with finding an estimate of the state vector and using it in control. The first approach is based on the use of pseudoinverse matrices, which allow finding the estimate based on incoming measurements. The second approach utilizes the idea of using asymptotic observers that ensure that the estimation error tends to zero as well as the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system. The solution of a model example is given, illustrating the application of the proposed approaches.
Moving object SINS transfer alignment time synchronization parameters estimation
Authors: Kuznetsov I M , Veremeenko K K , Zharkov M V , Pronkin A N 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The main unmanned aerial vehicles launched from a carrier aircraft onboard navigation system, usually, is a strapdown inertial navigation system. The paper considers the influence of the time synchronization error in the strapdown inertial navigation system transfer alignment on a moving base task. The influence of the time synchronization error, as well as the technique of its estimation, is directly the subject of this study. SINS mathematical models are considered on the basis of error equations, the state vector, including errors of coordinates, linear velocities projections, attitude angular errors of the measuring coordinate system relative to the calculated one, accelerometers and gyro systematic errors components are extended by the angles of misalignment of two systems – unmanned aerial vehicle strapdown inertial navigation system and carrier aircraft navigation system and time delay component. The measurement vector includes the difference of the corresponding output parameters of two systems – carrier aircraft strapdown inertial navigation system or its navigation system and unmanned aerial vehicle strapdown inertial navigation system. A simulation was performed, and state vector estimates were obtained.
Tools for intellectual support of project decisions based on analyzing uncertain factors of a different nature
Authors: Bulygina O , Ivanova O 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Today, the management of complex innovative projects to create new aircraft is carried out in the conditions of uncertainty, which is due to the lack of “high-quality” (complete, accurate, consistent, etc.) data on their internal and external environment. In this situation, to support the adoption of project decisions, it is advisable to use an approach based on the identification and assessment of NON-factors that have a negative meaning in natural language and deny one of the basic properties of formal systems. The authors propose a procedure for analyzing NON-factors in project risk management, based on the assessment of uncertain factors of internal and external project environment using various methods of data mining (particularly, neural fuzzy classifier, fuzzy pyramidal networks, fuzzy logic methods, fuzzy Kalman filtering algorithms). Using the proposed approach will increase the validity of decisions on the viability of such innovative projects and a set of measures for risk management.
Using pipelined control code generator as a reference system in FPGA’s selection as a hardware platform for fault-tolerance computing system
Authors: Brekhov O , Ratnikov M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
One of the main features of hash functions is a significant change in the hash with any (even small) changes in the input data. Using their pipelined versions (which outputs the next hash on each clock cycle) allows to create a system that is guaranteed to respond to any failures in the process. Reference systems based on control code generators can be quickly developed and thanks to a wide range of functions, for calculating control codes, can be close to the characteristics of the developed system in terms of area and logical complexity. In this article, we propose using pipelined control code generators as reference systems in the development of fault tolerant computing systems. In this case, before or simultaneously with the development of a computing system, we need to perform a series of experiments with pipelined generators and control codes. Several versions of such reference system have been developed, each of which implements various fault tolerance techniques. The obtained protected reference systems are synthesized into the basis of available FPGAs by various software packages. Next, the results are compared and the most successful (with good results) sets are selected from FPGAs, software, and fault tolerance techniques.
Review of open-source cubesat projects
Authors: Shalashov M , Kiseleva A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Open source software and hardware plays a significant role in information technology and consumer electronics today. This paper examines the application of the open source concept to space technologies. The purpose of this review is to identify ways to apply existing license types to CubeSat open-source projects. The analysis of existing CubeSat open-source projects is carried out, the tendencies of this direction development are shown.
Development of the mathematical model for the tilt-rotor aircraft
Authors: Lelkov K S , Ulyanov D V , Surkov D A , Ushakov A N 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, main challenges of the urban air mobility concept are discussed and comparison of the different aircraft types, capable of performing vertical take-off and landing for compliance to the urban aerial mobility concept is provided. The mathematical model for the tilt-rotor aircraft is derived by the Newton-Euler method. This model takes into account all the forces and moments applied to the aircraft. Aerodynamic characteristics for the developed aircraft were obtained using virtual aerodynamic blowing method. Simulation results of the tilt-rotor aircraft motion on the various flight stages, including vertical take-off and landing, horizontal flight and transition stages are presented.
Simulation of projects for creation of aircraft products for use in life cycle management systems
Authors: Mustaev I , Semivelitchenko E , Maximova N , Ivanov V , Mustaev T 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The article describes the elements of modeling projects to create complex technical objects in the framework of the sociophysical approach. It is shown that the proposed approach has an advantage in comparison with the approach focused on assessing the present value of the project. It is noted that the application of the sociophysical approach opens the way to solving the problems of finding reliable interpretable solutions at all stages of the life cycle of an innovative project. A feature of the sociophysical approach associated with the use of diverse economic, technical, technological, and other information are formalized. The terminology used in the sociophysical modeling of projects is given. The concepts of cooperation between the project and the enterprise are formed within the framework of sociophysical modeling. The structure of the sociophysical models of the project is disclosed. The sociophysical definition of the technological structure of the enterprise where an innovation project realizes is given. Results confirming the efficiency of using the accumulated potentials are presented.
Composite panels design based on post-buckling state with combined loading
Authors: Mitrofanov O V , Osman M , Gavriliak V E 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Buckling is possible for thin composite skins of light aircraft wing high-lift devices loaded above limit level. Aim of this work is to create a method for orthotropic panels minimal thickness definition with possible post-buckling behavior considering residual strength support. Hinge supported composite panels loaded in compression and shear jointly are considered. Method based on analytic solution of non-linear problem and design method by post-buckling state is suggested in the paper. In order to explain peculiarities of above-mentioned method examples of panels design loaded with tangential force supporting strength and stability are shown in this work. It is demonstrated that for panels minimal thickness calculation by strength, stability, and post-buckling behavior conditions corresponding linear, second- and third-degree equations in unknown thicknesses are derived. In order to develop design method by post-buckling state with combined loading analytic solution of non-linear problem using Bubnov-Galerkin method is shown in the paper. Chai criterion including all components of acting forces and stress critical values for residual strength has been used for composite package based on the conditions of combined loading. Variants of developed applied methods of design based on post-buckling state with only tangential force acting and with combined loading by compression and shear flows are shown in this work.
Mathematical methods for optimal synthesis of physical and mechanical structure of composites with required set of properties at extreme conditions
Authors: Gusev E , Bakulin V 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Variational statements of composite structure with the required set of properties synthesis problems are investigated. The study of the limiting capabilities of composites to achieve required set of properties is necessarily associated with development of effective methods for finding global extremum of corresponding functionals. The article deals with problems of numerical analysis and optimal design of composite structure with required set of properties. Mathematical models describing the propagation of wave processes of various physical nature in layered-inhomogeneous structure of composite are investigated. Problems of optimal design for composite structure with required set of properties are formulated in variational formulation. Based on the theory of multi-valued mappings and methods of continuation by parameter, method for studying limiting capabilities of composites to achieve required set of properties is developed. Developed technique allows effective construction of layered composites with complex characteristics. The application of developed method of optimal synthesis for the study of limiting possibilities in reflection of energy of wave action from layered-inhomogeneous coating in given range of spectrum is considered.
Development of a small-sized electromechanical steering gear unit by simulation modeling
Authors: Norinskaya I , Guskov A , Spirin A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper the results of the development of an electromechanical steering gear based on waveform reductor that provides rotary motion of the working surfaces of small-sized aerial munition are presented. Calculations of the design parameters of the components of the steering gear, the formation of the desired dynamic properties of the product are implemented by the method of simulation modeling in the Matlab Simulink environment. The model is fully parametrized. The Simulink-model contains blocks that implement signal conversion in accordance with the physical model of real equipment. The article presents the results of laboratory and flight tests of a prototype of steering gear confirming the success of the adopted circuitry solutions and the adequacy of the developed simulation model. The developed simulation model can be used as universal design tool for electromechanical steering gears.
Modelling of the process of a program compilation according to the training sample data using the collective intelligence of the simplest computers
Authors: Protasov V , Potapova Z 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The description of the system intended for genetic programming and consisting of a large number of elementary computers is given. Commands and data are placed in a cell consisting of four fields – the first address field, the second address field, the arithmetic field and the result field. This architecture made it possible to place a software binary tree formed by commands and addresses into sequentially located cells of an elementary computer. This technique made it possible to simplify the crossover and mutation operators, as well as the coding of the problem without involving complex programming systems and supercomputers. In the future, it is planned to use table processors tested on complex problems of genetic programming to significantly reduce power consumption in on-board computers of aviation and space technology.
Electrospark alloying of titanium alloy aircraft engine parts
Authors: Koreshkov A , Boitsov A , Siluyanova M , Amui A , Remchukov S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The study objective is to improve the performance of titanium alloy parts used in aircraft jet engines with electrospark alloying. The technology can be used for hardening compressor rotary vanes and rod ball joints, protecting compressor blade leading edges from erosion. We studied the alloyed layer formation process and determined the layer structure and composition. The study presents experimental findings of the Ti alloy electrospark alloying as certain substances were introduced into the interelectrode gap. We also assessed the relationship between the electrospark alloying process variables and the alloyed layer surface finish.
Single-photon Mach-Zehnder interferometry for High Schools
Authors: Bondani Maria 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The superposition states, allowed by quantum theory, are dramatically diverse with respect to classical states and represent the true quantum states. By using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer we experimentally show how a single photon in a polarization superposition state can produce interference. The experimental setup includes a strongly attenuated laser source, polarizing beam splitters, half-waveplates, polarizers and single-photon detectors. The experimental activity has been performed with high-school students and teachers in several different contexts.