bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recombination facilitates genetic assimilation of new traits in gene regulatory networks
Authors: Espinosa‐Soto Carlos , Hernández Ulises , Posadas‐García Yuridia S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA new phenotypic variant may appear first in organisms through plasticity, that is, as a response to an environmental signal or other nongenetic perturbation. If such trait is beneficial, selection may increase the frequency of alleles that enable and facilitate its development. Thus, genes may take control of such traits, decreasing dependence on nongenetic disturbances, in a process called genetic assimilation. Despite an increasing amount of empirical studies supporting genetic assimilation, its significance is still controversial. Whether genetic assimilation is widespread depends, to a great extent, on how easily mutation and recombination reduce the trait's dependence on nongenetic perturbations. Previous research suggests that this is the case for mutations. Here we use simulations of gene regulatory network dynamics to address this issue with respect to recombination. We find that recombinant offspring of parents that produce a new phenotype through plasticity are more likely to produce the same phenotype without requiring any perturbation. They are also prone to preserve the ability to produce that phenotype after genetic and nongenetic perturbations. Our work also suggests that ancestral plasticity can play an important role for setting the course that evolution takes. In sum, our results indicate that the manner in which phenotypic variation maps unto genetic variation facilitates evolution through genetic assimilation in gene regulatory networks. Thus, we contend that the importance of this evolutionary mechanism should not be easily neglected.
Transport from production facility to release locations caused a decline in quality of sterile Queensland fruit fly received for SIT application
Authors: Dominiak Bernard C. , Fanson Benjamin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFruit flies are among the most destructive horticultural pests. For Queensland fruit fly (Qfly), Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae), the sterile insect technique (SIT) is the main control method used in southeastern Australia. SIT involves the mass rearing of Qfly, sterilisation of pupae by irradiation, transport to release centres, and release of sterile Qfly to disperse into the environment. Mating of sterile and wild flies results in no offspring; thus, the wild population rapidly decreases. Previously, research has mainly focused on improvements within the production facility. However, transport from production facility to release sites is also an essential component in all SIT programs. Here, we examined historical records from the Victorian SIT program between 2002 and 2013 in three seasons (spring, summer, and autumn). We compared quality control (QC) data of irradiated fly pupae at the mass‐rearing facility in New South Wales (limited transport) to those of pupae transported to a release centre in Victoria (extensive transport). After extensive transport, pupal weight (−0.3 mg, or −3%) and flight ability (an overall 26% decline) were lower across all seasons, but particularly in spring. Adult emergence was lower across all seasons (an overall 23% decline), but particularly in summer. All three QC parameters were more variable after extensive transport. We discuss potential causes of the observed decreased pupal quality and avenues of future research to mitigate transport losses.
A comparative study of strategies for identifying credible sources of mental health information online: Can clinical services deliver a youth‐specific internet prescription?
Authors: Flint Molly , Inglis Georgina , Hill Annabel , Mair Mabli , Hatrick Sophie , Tacchi Mary Jane , Scott Jan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdolescents and young adults undertake internet searches before and after attending mental health consultations, but they express concerns about how they can identify reliable online mental health information (OMHI). This action research project examines how clinicians might direct young people towards credible OMHI by analysing which search strategies are most helpful for developing an ‘internet prescription’ targeted at a youth audience.MethodsRecently qualified doctors undertook searches for OMHI about the diagnosis and treatment of seven mental health conditions. Rankings of websites in search results were compared with reliability and quality ratings derived from established evaluation instruments [the Brief DISCERN and the 12‐item Health on the Net (HoN) tool].ResultsOf 140 websites identified through seven Google searches, only 15% of those evaluated were categorized as high quality. About 17% of websites were selling a treatment or service and about 25% were regarded as untrustworthy. Also, higher rankings in the search results were not indicative of better quality OMHI (Wilcoxon signed rank test: Z = −5.28; p < .001). Although the HoN and DISCERN tools provided useful insights into the credibility of OMHI, investigators did not think either instrument could be recommended for independent use by youth.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that clinical services should take responsibility for identifying a range of credible sources of OMHI. The next step in translating the research strategy into clinical practice involves collaboration with young people to select those platforms most orientated to their needs and to develop rating instruments that enable youth to evaluate OMHI.
Phylogenetic diversity and conservation of crop wild relatives in Colombia
Authors: González‐Orozco Carlos E. , Sosa Chrystian C. , Thornhill Andrew H. , Laffan Shawn W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCrop wild relatives (CWR) are an important agricultural resource as they contain genetic traits not found in cultivated species due to localized adaptation to unique environmental and climatic conditions. Phylogenetic diversity (PD) measures the evolutionary relationship of species using the tree of life. Our knowledge of CWR PD in neotropical regions is in its infancy. We analysed the distribution of CWR PD across Colombia and assessed its conservation status. The areas with the largest concentration of PD were identified as being in the northern part of the central and western Andean mountain ranges and the Pacific region. These centres of high PD were comprised of predominantly short and closely related branches, mostly of species of wild tomatoes and black peppers. In contrast, the CWR PD in the lowland ecosystems of the Amazon and Orinoquia regions had deeply diverging clades predominantly represented by long and distantly related branches (i.e. tuberous roots, grains and cacao). We categorized 50 (52.6%) of the CWR species as ‘high priority’, 36 as ‘medium priority’ and nine as ‘low priority’ for further ex‐situ and in situ conservation actions. New areas of high PD and richness with large ex‐situ gap collections were identified mainly in the northern part of the Andes of Colombia. We found that 56% of the grid cells with the highest PD values were unprotected. These baseline data could be used to create a comprehensive national strategy of CWR conservation in Colombia.
Recurrent knowledge tracing machine based on the knowledge state of students
Authors: Lai Zefeng , Wang Lei , Ling Qiang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractKnowledge tracing (KT) aims to closely trace the knowledge level of students during their learning. KT is often implemented by intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) to predict the student performance, and schedule the individual learning plan for each student. However, most existing KT models cannot predict the knowledge forgetting well due to the lack of temporal information and some KT models for knowledge forgetting prediction are not accurate enough. To resolve these issues, this paper proposes a recurrent knowledge tracing machine (RKTM), which temporally enriches the encoding of knowledge tracing machine (KTM) and difficulty, student ability, skill, and student skill practice history (DAS3H) with the knowledge state of students. RKTM consists of two major components, including the tracing component and the predicting component. The tracing component temporally traces the knowledge state of a student, while the predicting component captures the interaction between the current learning scenario and the current knowledge state of that student and provides accurate prediction of student performance. Experiments show that the proposed RKTM well outperforms KTM, DAS3H, and some other models.
Thermal cracking characteristics and mechanism of sandstone after high‐temperature treatment
Authors: Xiao Weijing , Yu Guo , Li Haitao , Zhang Dongming , Li Shujian , Yu Beichen , Li Dongwei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo study the thermal cracking characteristics and mechanism of sandstone after high‐temperature treatment, the pore size distribution and micromorphology of sandstone were observed by nuclear magnetic resonance and scanning electron microscopy. Then, based on the Weibull distribution theory, a thermal elastic mechanical model of random heterogeneous rock was established for the rock unit, the thermal stress distribution characteristics of sandstone were analyzed, and the thermal fracture mechanism of rock was discussed. The results show that the porosities of the samples increased with increasing temperature and the proportion of large pores increased significantly when exceeded 400°C. Particularly when reached 1000°C, thermal cracking was distributed in a complex network. Additionally, different rock units are in different thermal stress states, which leads to the regional differences in the distribution of rock thermal fracture. When exceeded 400°C, there were obvious thermal cracks near the outer edge that weakened the mechanical properties of rock.
The use of European river lamprey as bait by the UK coarse predator angling community
Authors: Albright Atticus J , Lucas Martyn C 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRecreational fishing is a commonplace leisure activity within the developed world but can generate tension when activities conflict with conservation agendas. A potential conflict arises over the use of European river lamprey, Lampetra fluviatilis (L.), a protected species, by UK coarse (freshwater non‐salmonid) predator anglers. This study used geographically stratified interviews with 69 predator anglers to explore attitudes towards the use of lamprey as bait, their conservation status and knowledge of biosecurity regulations. Most participants used lamprey as bait to some degree and agreed that, if threatened by exploitation, a ban on their use as angling bait should be implemented. Ordinal regression analysis indicated the presence of a subset of anglers who value lamprey as bait more than others and may oppose conservation efforts. The benefits of the potential establishment of bait certification schemes are also considered.
Aboveground and belowground responses to cyanobacterial biofertilizer supplement in a semi‐arid, perennial bioenergy cropping system
Authors: Goemann Hannah M. , Gay Justin D. , Mueller Rebecca C. , Brookshire E. N. J. , Miller Perry , Poulter Benjamin , Peyton Brent M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe need for sustainable agricultural practices to meet the food, feed, and fuel demands of a growing global population while reducing detrimental environmental impacts has driven research in multi‐faceted approaches to agricultural sustainability. Perennial cropping systems and microbial biofertilizer supplements are two emerging strategies to increase agricultural sustainability that are studied in tandem for the first time in this study. During the establishment phase of a perennial switchgrass stand in SW Montana, USA, we supplemented synthetic fertilization with a nitrogen‐fixing cyanobacterial biofertilizer (CBF) and were able to maintain aboveground crop productivity in comparison to a synthetic only (urea) fertilizer treatment. Soil chemical analysis conducted at the end of the growing season revealed that late‐season nitrogen availability in CBF‐supplemented field plots increased relative to urea‐only plots. High‐throughput sequencing of bacterial/archaeal and fungal communities suggested fine‐scale responses of the microbial community and sensitivity to fertilization among arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Given their critical role in plant productivity and soil nutrient cycling, soil microbiome monitoring is vital to understand the impacts of implementation of alternative agricultural practices on soil health.
Long‐term persistence of hepatocarcinogenic potential of a non‐hypervascular hypointense nodule on EOB‐MRI after the eradication of hepatitis C virus
Authors: Toyoda Hidenori , Yasuda Satoshi , Shiota Shohei , Kumada Takashi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNon‐hypervascular hypointense nodules (NHHNs) on gadolinium‐ethoxybenzyl‐diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid–enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (EOB‐MRI) have a high likelihood of hypervascularization progressing to typical hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). NHHNs that were present before the start of anti‐hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy is a risk marker for HCC development after achieving sustained virologic response (SVR). In this report, we show a patient without a previous history of HCC in whom HCC developed by hypervascularization of NHHN after SVR. This patient achieved SVR more than 8 years before NHHN developed into HCC, and during this time NHHN had been present but had remained unchanged in size and imaging features as shown by repeated EOB‐MRI. Hepatocarcinogenic potential of NHHNs persist for a long time after SVR, despite the eradication of HCV.
Programmed death‐ligand 1 expression in human papillomavirus‐independent cervical adenocarcinoma and its prognostic significance
Authors: Chen Lili , Lucas Elena , Zhang Xiaofei , Liu Qin , Zhuang Yalin , Lin Wanrun , Chen Hao , Zhou Feng 
Published: August 2021

AimsIn the 2020 World Health Organization classification of female genital tumours, endocervical adenocarcinomas (ECAs) are subclassified into human papillomavirus (HPV)‐associated (HPVA) and HPV‐independent (HPVI) groups on the basis of their distinct aetiologies and clinical behaviours. The aim of this study was to investigate programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression and its prognostic value in HPVI ECA and HPVA ECA, and compare these between the two entities.Methods and resultsA total of 93 ECAs accessioned between 2013 and 2020 were selected for further analysis, including 48 usual‐type HPVA ECAs and 45 HPVI ECAs. Then, we evaluated PD‐L1 expression in whole tissue sections of these cases by using the tumour proportion score (TPS) and the combined positive score (CPS). Heterogeneous PD‐L1 expression was observed in both HPVI ECAs and usual‐type HPVA ECAs. However, no significant difference in PD‐L1 expression was seen among different histological types of ECA when either the CPS or the TPS was used. Gastric‐type ECA (GEA) was associated with higher clinical stage (P = 0.001), worse progression‐free survival (PFS) (P = 0.008) and worse overall survival (OS) (P = 0.02) than usual‐type HPVA ECA and non‐GEA HPVI ECA. When the TPS was used, PD‐L1‐positive GEA was associated with significantly worse PFS (P = 0.03) and OS (P = 0.015) than PD‐L1‐negative GEA.ConclusionsOur data show frequent PD‐L1 expression in HPVI ECAs, supporting the potential role of the programmed cell death protein 1/PD‐L1 pathway as a therapeutic target for these tumours. Our data also support PD‐L1 as a negative prognostic marker associated with a potentially unfavourable outcome for GEAs.
Dorsomorphin attenuates Jagged1‐induced mineralization in human dental pulp cells
Authors: Manokawinchoke Jeeranan , Watcharawipas Thiphon , Ekmetipunth Kamoltham , Jiamjirachart Manoch , Osathanon Thanaphum 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate whether TGF‐β/BMP signalling participates in Jagged1‐induced osteogenic differentiation in human dental pulp cells (hDPs).MethodologyBioinformatic analysis of publicly available RNA sequencing data of Jagged1‐treated hDPs was performed using NetworkAnalyst. The mRNA expression was validated using real‐time polymerase chain reaction. hDPs were seeded on Jagged1 immobilized surfaces in the presence or absence of TGF‐β or BMP inhibitor. Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated using alkaline phosphatase staining, osteogenic marker gene expression and mineralization assay. Statistical analyses were performed using a Kruskal–Wallis test, followed by a pairwise comparison for more than three group comparison. Mann–Whitney U‐test was employed for two group comparison. The statistical significance was considered at p < .05.ResultsJagged1 treatment in growth medium significantly promoted TGFB1, TGFB2 and TGFB3 whilst significantly inhibited BMP2, BMP4 and BMP6 mRNA expression (p < .05). In osteogenic induction medium, Jagged1 significantly up‐regulated TGFB1, TGFB2 and TGFB3 at days 1 and 3 (p < .05). Pre‐treatment with TGF‐β1, TGF‐β2 or TGF‐β3 prior to osteogenic induction resulted in the significant increase of osteogenic marker gene expression, collagen type 1 protein expression, alkaline phosphatase enzymatic activity and mineral deposition (p < .05). However, TGF‐β signalling inhibition with SB431542 (4 μmol L−1) or SB505124 (47 and 129 nmol L−1) failed to attenuate the effect of Jagged1‐induced osteogenic differentiation in hDPs. Dorsomorphin (4 and 8 μmol L−1) treatment significantly abolished the effect of Jagged1 on mineralization by hDPs (p < .05).ConclusionNotch signalling activation by Jagged1 modulated TGF‐β and BMP ligand expression. Dorsomorphin, but not TGF‐β receptor inhibitor, attenuated Jagged1‐induced osteogenic differentiation in hDPs.
The change in self‐efficacy of novice dentists in Endodontics within the first year following graduation from Aarhus University or the Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam
Authors: Baaij Annemarie , Vӕth Michael , Özok Ahmet R. , Visscher Corine M. , Kirkevang Lise‐Lotte 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimTo understand whether the self‐efficacy of novice dentists in Endodontics changes within the first year following their graduation, and to reveal factors related to a possible change.MethodologyData were obtained from dental graduates from Aarhus University, Denmark or from the Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, the Netherlands. The 60 participants filled out the Endodontic General Self‐Efficacy Scale questionnaire close to their graduation (baseline) and 1 year following their graduation (follow‐up). Additionally, data on their experience in Endodontics within the first year following graduation were gathered, as well as data on their work environment, their referral behaviour and the postgraduation education they attended. For comparisons, chi‐square tests, Fisher's exact tests, Mann‐Whitney tests, and t‐tests were used. Referral behaviour and the change in self‐efficacy were studied by multiple regression analyses.ResultsMost participants showed an increase in self‐efficacy after graduation. The increase in self‐efficacy was higher for those whose baseline self‐efficacy was lower, and lower for those whose baseline self‐efficacy was higher. Self‐efficacy increased with experience in performing root canal treatments within the first year following graduation. Participants with higher average self‐efficacy (i.e. mean of baseline and follow‐up self‐efficacy) referred patients for endodontic surgery more often than participants with lower average self‐efficacy did.ConclusionsThe self‐efficacy of novice dentists in Endodontics generally increased within the first year following their graduation. The increase in self‐efficacy was greater for those who had low self‐efficacy at graduation than for those who already had high self‐efficacy. Performing root canal treatments was an important factor in increasing self‐efficacy.
Plasma‐resistance evaluation of yttrium oxyfluoride coating prepared by aerosol deposition method
Authors: Ashizawa Hiroaki , Yoshida Katsumi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo suppress particle contamination and process drift, there is a strong demand for plasma‐resistant coatings that prevent corrosion of the inner ceramic components in plasma etching equipment. Yttrium oxyfluoride (YOF) is garnering attention as a new plasma‐resistant material that has the potential to replace yttria (Y2O3). To create an ideal plasma‐resistant coating, YOF coatings were prepared using the aerosol deposition (AD) method, and the plasma resistance to plasma corrosion rate, surface roughness, and chemical composition following plasma exposure was evaluated. AD‐YOF, which has a highly dense microstructure without any pores, was observed to have a low plasma corrosion rate equivalent to that of Y2O3 and it retained its initial smooth surface following plasma exposure. It was also observed that AD‐YOF could suppress chemical composition changes caused by surface fluorination or oxidation when exposed to plasma formed under the gas conditions of CHF3/O2 = 100/10 or 10/100 sccm, in contrast to AD‐Y2O3 and AD‐yttrium fluoride. We concluded that AD‐YOF can be considered as a superior plasma‐resistant coating that can significantly suppress particle contamination caused by corrosion particles falling through microcracks or large surface roughness and it can also suppress process drift due to chemical composition changes on the surface.
Effects of high‐pressure cooking processing on the physicochemical properties, structure and digestibility of citric acid‐esterified starches
Authors: Wei Haixiang , Liang Baodong , Wei Keyi , Xue Liping , Zeng Shunde , Yin Xumin 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThe effect of high‐pressure cooking processing (HPCP) on the physicochemical structure and in vitro digestion of citric acid‐esterified starches made from different materials (water chestnut, sweet potato, potato, corn) was investigated. HPCP increased the swelling and solubility of sweet potato esterified starch (SPSC) and potato esterified starch (PSC) and decreased the swelling and solubility of water chestnut esterified starch (WCSC) and corn esterified starch (CSC). Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the short‐range structure of starches was more orderly. Differential scanning calorimetry and X‐ray diffraction were used to determine the crystallisation peaks and enthalpy of different starches after HPCP. HPCP decreased the SPSC and PSC content of resistant starches (RS). However, HPCP showed no significant effect on the RS and estimated glycaemic index of WCSC and CSC. The results showed that the RS in WCSC and CSC had stronger thermal stability and was more suitable to be added to heat‐processed foods.
The two‐echelon routing problem with truck and drones
Authors: Vu Lam , Vu Duy Manh , Hà Minh Hoàng , Nguyen Viet‐Phuong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study novel variants of the well‐known two‐echelon vehicle routing problem in which a truck works on the first echelon to transport parcels and a fleet of drones to intermediate depots while in the second echelon, the drones are used to deliver parcels from intermediate depots to customers. The objective is to minimize the completion time instead of the transportation cost as in classical two‐echelon vehicle routing problems. Depending on the context, a drone can be launched from the truck at an intermediate depot once (single‐trip drone) or several times (multiple‐trip drone). Mixed‐integer linear programming models are first proposed to formulate mathematically the problems and solve to optimality small‐sized instances. To handle larger instances, a metaheuristic based on the idea of greedy randomized adaptive search procedure is introduced. The main novel feature of our metaheuristic lies in the design of initial solution construction and local search operators, which can cover all the decision layers of the problems and run in using additional data structures. Experimental results obtained on instances of different contexts are reported and analyzed.