bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonality of Mesoscale Phytoplankton Control in Eastern Fram Strait
Authors: Schourup‐Kristensen Vibe , Wekerle Claudia , Danilov Sergey , Völker Christoph 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGlobally, mesoscale processes create a rich and filamented pattern in biological productivity. Despite of remoteness and a harsh environment, observations likewise show an impact of mesoscale processes on phytoplankton growth in the Arctic. Observations of sufficiently high resolution are, however, difficult to carry out. Large‐scale models are another way to gain knowledge about the system. In the current study, we use a global sea ice‐ocean biogeochemical model, which is eddy resolving in Fram Strait, to show that the mesoscale dynamics has a strong effect on shaping phytoplankton growth. For the year 2009, we demonstrate that the growth season in the West Spitzbergen Current can be divided into two regimes; during Regime I, which takes place in May and June before and during the spring bloom, high chlorophyll concentrations are associated with areas of positive vorticity and a shallow mixed layer, pointing toward light limitation controlling growth. During Regime II, which occurs after the bloom from mid‐July to late August, the highest chlorophyll concentration is found in areas of negative vorticity. Here, upwelling of nutrient‐rich water occurs, through doming isopycnals, acting to raise the nutricline, may also play a role in alleviating nutrient limitation in the surface water. The study suggests that the mesoscale eddy environment locally modulates the seasonal cycle of light and nutrient limitation. Knowledge of the eddy field should be taken into consideration for making conclusions from point‐wise measurements in Fram Strait.
Nature Versus Nurture: Preservation and Destruction of Archean Cratons
Authors: Bedle H. , Cooper C. M. , Frost C. D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe factors that promote stability of Archean cratons are investigated from a combined geodynamic, geological, and geophysical perspective in order to evaluate the relative importance of nature—the initial conditions of a craton—versus nurture—the subsequent tectonic processes that may modify and destabilize cratonic lithosphere. In this review study, we use stability regime diagrams to understand the factors that contribute to the intrinsic strength of a craton: buoyancy, viscosity, and relative integrated yield strength. Cratons formed early in Earth history when thermal conditions enhanced extraction of large melt fractions and early cratonization (cessation of penetrative deformation, magmatism, and metamorphism) promote formation of stable Archean cratonic lithosphere. Subsequent processes that may modify and weaken cratonic lithosphere include subduction and slab rollback, rifting, and mantle plumes—processes that introduce heat, fluids, and partial melts that warm and metasomatize the lithosphere. We examine tomographic models from eight cratons, including four that are thought to be stable and four that have been proposed to be modified or destroyed. Our review suggests that continental lithosphere formed and cratonized prior to the end of the Archean has the potential to withstand subsequent deformation, heat, and metasomatism. Survivability is enhanced when cratons avoid subsequent tectonic processes, particularly subduction. It also depends on the extent and geometry of modification. However, because craton stability decreases as the Earth cools, marginally stable cratons that undergo even modest modification may be set on a path to destruction. Therefore, preservation of Archean cratons depends both on nature and nurture.
Nitrogen-enriched graphene framework from a large-scale magnesiothermic conversion of CO2 with synergistic kinetics for high-power lithium-ion capacitors
Authors: Li Chen , Zhang Xiong , Wang Kai , Sun Xianzhong , Xu Yanan , Su Fangyuan , Chen Cheng-Meng , Liu Fangyan , Wu Zhong-Shuai , Ma Yanwei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLithium-ion capacitors are envisaged as promising energy-storage devices to simultaneously achieve a large energy density and high-power output at quick charge and discharge rates. However, the mismatched kinetics between capacitive cathodes and faradaic anodes still hinder their practical application for high-power purposes. To tackle this problem, the electron and ion transport of both electrodes should be substantially improved by targeted structural design and controllable chemical doping. Herein, nitrogen-enriched graphene frameworks are prepared via a large-scale and ultrafast magnesiothermic combustion synthesis using CO2 and melamine as precursors, which exhibit a crosslinked porous structure, abundant functional groups and high electrical conductivity (10524 S m−1). The material essentially delivers upgraded kinetics due to enhanced ion diffusion and electron transport. Excellent capacities of 1361 mA h g−1 and 827 mA h g−1 can be achieved at current densities of 0.1 A g−1 and 3 A g−1, respectively, demonstrating its outstanding lithium storage performance at both low and high rates. Moreover, the lithium-ion capacitor based on these nitrogen-enriched graphene frameworks displays a high energy density of 151 Wh kg−1, and still retains 86 Wh kg−1 even at an ultrahigh power output of 49 kW kg−1. This study reveals an effective pathway to achieve synergistic kinetics in carbon electrode materials for achieving high-power lithium-ion capacitors.
SPF45/RBM17-dependent, but not U2AF-dependent, splicing in a distinct subset of human short introns
Authors: Fukumura Kazuhiro , Yoshimoto Rei , Sperotto Luca , Kang Hyun-Seo , Hirose Tetsuro , Inoue Kunio , Sattler Michael , Mayeda Akila 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHuman pre-mRNA introns vary in size from under fifty to over a million nucleotides. We searched for essential factors involved in the splicing of human short introns by screening siRNAs against 154 human nuclear proteins. The splicing activity was assayed with a model HNRNPH1 pre-mRNA containing short 56-nucleotide intron. We identify a known alternative splicing regulator SPF45 (RBM17) as a constitutive splicing factor that is required to splice out this 56-nt intron. Whole-transcriptome sequencing of SPF45-deficient cells reveals that SPF45 is essential in the efficient splicing of many short introns. To initiate the spliceosome assembly on a short intron with the truncated poly-pyrimidine tract, the U2AF-homology motif (UHM) of SPF45 competes out that of U2AF65 (U2AF2) for binding to the UHM-ligand motif (ULM) of the U2 snRNP protein SF3b155 (SF3B1). We propose that splicing in a distinct subset of human short introns depends on SPF45 but not U2AF heterodimer.
Shadow-wall lithography of ballistic superconductor–semiconductor quantum devices
Authors: Heedt Sebastian , Quintero-Pérez Marina , Borsoi Francesco , Fursina Alexandra , van Loo Nick , Mazur Grzegorz P. , Nowak Michał P. , Ammerlaan Mark , Li Kongyi , Korneychuk Svetlana , Shen Jie , van de Poll May An Y. , Badawy Ghada , Gazibegovic Sasa , de Jong Nick , Aseev Pavel , van Hoogdalem Kevin , Bakkers Erik P. A. M. , Kouwenhoven Leo P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe realization of hybrid superconductor–semiconductor quantum devices, in particular a topological qubit, calls for advanced techniques to readily and reproducibly engineer induced superconductivity in semiconductor nanowires. Here, we introduce an on-chip fabrication paradigm based on shadow walls that offers substantial advances in device quality and reproducibility. It allows for the implementation of hybrid quantum devices and ultimately topological qubits while eliminating fabrication steps such as lithography and etching. This is critical to preserve the integrity and homogeneity of the fragile hybrid interfaces. The approach simplifies the reproducible fabrication of devices with a hard induced superconducting gap and ballistic normal-/superconductor junctions. Large gate-tunable supercurrents and high-order multiple Andreev reflections manifest the exceptional coherence of the resulting nanowire Josephson junctions. Our approach enables the realization of 3-terminal devices, where zero-bias conductance peaks emerge in a magnetic field concurrently at both boundaries of the one-dimensional hybrids.
PD-L1+ and XCR1+ dendritic cells are region-specific regulators of gut homeostasis
Authors: Moreira Thais G. , Mangani Davide , Cox Laura M. , Leibowitz Jeffrey , Lobo Eduardo. L. C. , Oliveira Mariana A. , Gauthier Christian D. , Nakagaki Brenda N. , Willocq Valerie , Song Anya , Guo Lydia , Lima David C. A. , Murugaiyan Gopal , Butovsky Oleg , Gabriely Galina , Anderson Ana C. , Rezende Rafael M. , Faria Ana Maria C. , Weiner Howard L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe intestinal mucosa constitutes an environment of closely regulated immune cells. Dendritic cells (DC) interact with the gut microbiome and antigens and are important in maintaining gut homeostasis. Here, we investigate DC transcriptome, phenotype and function in five anatomical locations of the gut lamina propria (LP) which constitute different antigenic environments. We show that DC from distinct gut LP compartments induce distinct T cell differentiation and cytokine secretion. We also find that PD-L1+ DC in the duodenal LP and XCR1+ DC in the colonic LP comprise distinct tolerogenic DC subsets that are crucial for gut homeostasis. Mice lacking PD-L1+ and XCR1+ DC have a proinflammatory gut milieu associated with an increase in Th1/Th17 cells and a decrease in Treg cells and have exacerbated disease in the models of 5-FU-induced mucositis and DSS-induced colitis. Our findings identify PD-L1+ and XCR1+ DC as region-specific physiologic regulators of intestinal homeostasis.
Parkinson’s disease patients’ short chain fatty acids production capacity after in vitro fecal fiber fermentation
Authors: Baert Florence , Matthys Christophe , Maselyne Jarissa , Van Poucke Christof , Van Coillie Els , Bergmans Bruno , Vlaemynck Geertrui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAnimal models indicate that butyrate might reduce motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease. Some dietary fibers are butyrogenic, but in Parkinson’s disease patients their butyrate stimulating capacity is unknown. Therefore, we investigated different fiber supplements’ effects on short-chain fatty acid production, along with potential underlying mechanisms, in Parkinson’s patients and age-matched healthy controls. Finally, it was investigated if this butyrate production could be confirmed by using fiber-rich vegetables. Different fibers (n = 40) were evaluated by in vitro fermentation experiments with fecal samples of Parkinson’s patients (n = 24) and age-matched healthy volunteers (n = 39). Short-chain fatty acid production was analyzed by headspace solid-phase micro-extraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Clostridium coccoides and C. leptum were quantified through 16S-rRNA gene-targeted group-specific qPCR. Factors influencing short-chain fatty acid production were investigated using linear mixed models. After fiber fermentation, butyrate concentration varied between 25.6 ± 16.5 µmol/g and 203.8 ± 91.9 µmol/g for Parkinson’s patients and between 52.7 ± 13.0 µmol/g and 229.5 ± 42.8 µmol/g for controls. Inulin had the largest effect, while xanthan gum had the lowest production. Similar to fiber supplements, inulin-rich vegetables, but also fungal β-glucans, stimulated butyrate production most of all vegetable fibers. Parkinson’s disease diagnosis limited short-chain fatty acid production and was negatively associated with butyrate producers. Butyrate kinetics during 48 h fermentation demonstrated a time lag effect in Parkinson’s patients, especially in fructo-oligosaccharide fermentation. Butyrate production can be stimulated in Parkinson’s patients, however, remains reduced compared to healthy controls. This is a first step in investigating dietary fiber’s potential to increase short-chain fatty acids in Parkinson’s disease.
The World Checklist of Vascular Plants, a continuously updated resource for exploring global plant diversity
Authors: Govaerts Rafaël , Nic Lughadha Eimear , Black Nicholas , Turner Robert , Paton Alan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP) is a comprehensive list of scientifically described plant species, compiled over four decades, from peer-reviewed literature, authoritative scientific databases, herbaria and observations, then reviewed by experts. It is a vital tool to facilitate plant diversity research, conservation and effective management, including sustainable use and equitable sharing of benefits. To maximise utility, such lists should be accessible, explicitly evidence-based, transparent, expert-reviewed, and regularly updated, incorporating new evidence and emerging scientific consensus. WCVP largely meets these criteria, being continuously updated and freely available online. Users can browse, search, or download a user-defined subset of accepted species with corresponding synonyms and bibliographic details, or a date-stamped full dataset. To facilitate appropriate data reuse by individual researchers and global initiatives including Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Catalogue of Life and World Flora Online, we document data collation and review processes, the underlying data structure, and the international data standards and technical validation that ensure data quality and integrity. We also address the questions most frequently received from users.
Discovery of novel Li SSE and anode coatings using interpretable machine learning and high-throughput multi-property screening
Authors: Honrao Shreyas J. , Yang Xin , Radhakrishnan Balachandran , Kuwata Shigemasa , Komatsu Hideyuki , Ohma Atsushi , Sierhuis Maarten , Lawson John W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAll-solid-state batteries with Li metal anode can address the safety issues surrounding traditional Li-ion batteries as well as the demand for higher energy densities. However, the development of solid electrolytes and protective anode coatings possessing high ionic conductivity and good stability with Li metal has proven to be a challenge. Here, we present our informatics approach to explore the Li compound space for promising electrolytes and anode coatings using high-throughput multi-property screening and interpretable machine learning. To do this, we generate a database of battery-related materials properties by computing $$\hbox {Li}^+$$

Li
+

migration barriers and stability windows for over 15,000 Li-containing compounds from Materials Project. We screen through the database for candidates with good thermodynamic and electrochemical stabilities, and low $$\hbox {Li}^+$$

Li
+

migration barriers, identifying promising new candidates such as $$\hbox {Li}_9\hbox {S}_3$$

Li
9

S
3

N, $$\hbox {LiAlB}_2\hbox {O}_5$$

LiAlB
2

O
5

, $$\hbox {LiYO}_2$$

LiYO
2

, $$\hbox {LiSbF}_4$$

LiSbF
4

, and $$\hbox {Sr}_4\hbox {Li}(\hbox {BN}_2)_3$$

Sr
4

Li

(

BN
2

)

3

, among others. We train machine learning models, using ensemble methods, to predict migration barriers and oxidation and reduction potentials of these compounds by engineering input features that ensure accuracy and interpretability. Using only a small number of features, our gradient boosting regression models achieve $$\mathrm {R}^2$$

R

2

values of 0.95 and 0.92 on the oxidation and reduction potential prediction tasks, respectively, and 0.86 on the migration barrier prediction task. Finally, we use Shapley additive explanations and permutation feature importance analyses to interpret our machine learning predictions and identify materials properties with the largest impact on predictions in our models. We show that our approach has the potential to enable rapid discovery and design of novel solid electrolytes and anode coatings.
Relative absorption of silicon from different formulations of dietary supplements: a pilot randomized, double-blind, crossover post-prandial study
Authors: Boqué N. , Valls R. M. , Pedret A. , Puiggrós F. , Arola L. , Solà R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to compare the relative absorption of a new powder presentation of silicon (Si) as orthosilicic acid with maltodextrin (Orgono Powder) compared to usual Si liquid presentations as orthosilicic acid with Equisetum arvense and Rosmarinus officinalis (G5 Siliplant) and orthosilicic acid with aloe vera (G7 Aloe). All dietary supplements were administered at the same Si oral dose (21.6 mg) in a randomized, double-blind, crossover post-prandial study conducted in 5 healthy men. Urine was collected at baseline and over the 6-h post-dose period in 2 separate 3-h collections for the analysis of Si concentration, which was conducted by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry as the gold standard method. No significant differences in total urinary Si excretion were found after the intake of these 3 dietary supplements; 34.6%, 32.4% and 27.2% of the ingested Si from G7 Aloe, G5 Siliplant and Orgono Powder, respectively, was excreted in urine over the 6-h follow-up period. The 3 different oral Si formulations tested, in powder and liquid presentations, provide highly bioavailable Si and present an equivalent relative absorption in healthy humans.
Association of free fatty acid binding protein with central aortic stiffness, myocardial dysfunction and preserved ejection fraction heart failure
Authors: Yen Chih-Hsuan , Lin Jiun-Lu , Sung Kuo-Tzu , Su Cheng-Huang , Huang Wen-Hung , Chen Yun-Yu , Chien Shih-Chieh , Lai Yau-Huei , Lee Ping-Ying , Liu Yen-Yu , Tsai Jui-Peng , Tsai Cheng-Ting , Hou Charles Jia-Yin , Chen Ying-Ju , Hsieh Yu-Jou , Hung Chung-Lieh , Hung Ta-Chuan , Yeh Hung-I. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere is an established link between cardiometabolic abnormality, central arterial stiffness, and preserved ejection fraction heart failure (HFpEF). Adipocyte free fatty acid binding protein (a-FABP) has been shown to signal endothelial dysfunction through fatty acid toxicity, though its role in mediating ventricular-arterial dysfunction remains unclear. We prospectively examined the associations of a-FABP with central arterial pressure using non-invasive applanation tonometry (SphygmoCor) and cardiac structure/function (i.e., tissue Doppler imaging [TDI] and global longitudinal myocardial strain [GLS]) in patients with cardiometabolic (CM) risk (n = 150) and HFpEF (n = 50), with healthy volunteers (n = 49) serving as a control. We observed a graded increase of a-FABP across the healthy controls, CM individuals, and HFpEF groups (all paired p < 0.05). Higher a-FABP was independently associated with higher central systolic and diastolic blood pressures (CSP/CPP), increased arterial augmentation index (Aix), lower early myocardial relaxation velocity (TDI-e′), higher left ventricle (LV) filling (E/TDI-e′) and worsened GLS (all p < 0.05). During a median of 3.85 years (interquartile range: 3.68–4.62 years) follow-up, higher a-FABP (cutoff: 24 ng/mL, adjusted hazard ratio: 1.01, 95% confidence interval: 1.001–1.02, p = 0.04) but not brain natriuretic peptide, and higher central hemodynamic indices were related to the incidence of heart failure (HF) in fully adjusted Cox models. Furthermore, a-FABP improved the HF risk classification over central hemodynamic information. We found a mechanistic pathophysiological link between a-FABP, central arterial stiffness, and myocardial dysfunction. In a population with a high metabolic risk, higher a-FABP accompanied by worsened ventricular-arterial coupling may confer more unfavorable outcomes in HFpEF.
Retroversion of the hemipelvis rather than hypoplastic posterior wall decreases acetabular anteversion in hips affected by Perthes disease
Authors: Liao Shijie , Zhao Manjun , Wang Tiantian , Li Boxiang , Lin Chengsen , KC Anil , Liu Zhengtang , Huang Qian , Zhao Jinmin , Lu Rongbin , Ding Xiaofei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe acetabular retroversion has a moderate incidence of 31–60% in all patients of the Perthes disease. It might be caused by posterior wall dysplasia based on recent animal researches. However, some studies support that hemipelvic retroversion is the main factor for the acetabular retroversion. The primary pathological factor of increasing retroversion angle is still controversial anatomically. This study aimed to identify whether there is acetabular retroversion in children with Perthes disease,and to find a method to distinguish version types. Forty children with unilateral Perthes disease who were admitted to our hospital from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2018 were enrolled, and 40 controls were matched based on sex and age. The acetabular anteversion angle (AAA), internal wall anteversion angle (IWAA), anterior wall height of the acetabulum (A), acetabular posterior wall height (P), and acetabular width (W) were assessed on computed tomography (CT) at the level of the femoral head center. The acetabular wall difference index (AWDI; AWDI = P-A)/W*100) was calculated. The mean AAA was significantly lower in Perthes disease hips (10.59 (8.05–12.46)) than in contralateral hips (12.04 (9.02–13.33)) (p = 0.002) but did not differ from control hips (9.68 ± 3.76) (p = 0.465). The mean IWAA was significantly lower in Perthes hips (9.16 ± 3.89) than in contralateral hips (11.31 ± 4.04) (p = 0.000) but did not differ from control hips (9.43 ± 3.82) (p = 0.753). The mean AWDI did not differ between Perthes hips (0.41 ± 4.94) and contralateral hips (− 1.12 (− 4.50, 2.17)) (p = 0.06) or control hips (− 0.49 ± 5.46) (p = 0.437). The mean W was significantly higher in Perthes hips (44.61 ± 5.06) than in contralateral hips (43.36 ± 4.38) (p = 0.000) but did not differ from control hips (45.02 ± 5.01) (p = 0.719). The mean A and P did not differ between Perthes hips and contralateral hips or control hips. Correlation analysis of all hip joints revealed a significant correlation between AAAs and IWAAs (r = 0.772; r = 0.643; r = 0.608; and r = 0.540). Linear regression analysis revealed that AAAs increased with IWAAs. Multiple linear regression showed that IWAAs and AWDIs have good predictive value for AAAs in both Perthes and control hips (R2 = 0.842, R2 = 0.869). In patients with unilateral Perthes disease, the affected acetabulum is more retroverted than that on the contralateral side, which may be caused by hemipelvic retroversion. The measurements in this study could distinguish the form of acetabular retroversion. IWAAs and AWDIs can be used as new observations in future studies of acetabular version.
Influence of scalp block on oncological outcomes of high-grade glioma in adult patients with and without isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 mutation
Authors: Sung Chao-Hsien , Tsuang Fon-Yih , Lin Chih-Peng , Chan Kuang-Cheng , Chou Wei-Han , Wu Chun-Yu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHigh-grade gliomas are notorious for a high recurrence rate even after curative resection surgery. Studies regarding the influence of scalp block on high-grade gliomas have been inconclusive, possibly because the condition’s most important genetic mutation profile, namely the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation, had not been analyzed. Therefore, we conducted a single-center study including patients with high-grade glioma who underwent tumor resection between January 2014 and December 2019. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed that scalp block was associated with longer progression-free survival (PFS; 15.17 vs. 10.77 months, p = 0.0018), as was the IDH1 mutation (37.37 vs. 10.90 months, p = 0.0149). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that scalp block (hazard ratio: 0.436, 95% confidence interval: 0.236–0.807, p = 0.0082), gross total resection (hazard ratio: 0.405, 95% confidence interval: 0.227–0.721, p = 0.0021), and IDH1 mutation (hazard ratio: 0.304, 95% confidence interval: 0.118–0.784, p = 0.0138) were associated with better PFS. Our results demonstrate that application of scalp block, regardless of IDH1 profile, is an independent factor associated with longer PFS for patients with high-grade glioma.