bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relation between chest compression rate and depth: the ENFONCE Study
Authors: Agostinucci Jean-Marc , Weisslinger Lisa , Marzouk Nessrine , Zouaghi Haroun , Ekpe Kenneth , Genthillomme Angelie , Adnet Frédéric , Guenin Aurélien , Reuter Paul-Georges , Lapostolle Frédéric 
Published: March 2021

Introduction
Chest compressions are the cornerstone of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The recent International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation guidelines recommend increasing the rate and the depth of chest compressions, to 100–120/min and 5–6 cm, based on theoretical arguments and observational studies. We hypothesized that an increased chest compressions rate could decrease chest compressions depth.

Methods
Operators were asked to perform continuous chest compressions on a mannequin. Chest compressions rate and depth were collected. The ratio of chest compressions compliance to the guidelines, that is rate 100–120/min and depth 5–6 cm, was calculated.

Results
In total 951 sequences of chest compressions were studied. Median chest compressions rate: 114 (104–130)/min. Median chest compressions depth: 4.5 (3.4–5.3) cm. Correlation between rate and depth: low (R2 = 0.12). Chest compressions in compliance with the recommended rate: 434 (46%). Rate >120/min in 285 (30%) cases and <100/min in 223 (23%) cases. Chest compressions in compliance with the recommended depth: 286 (30%). Depth >6 cm in 50 (5%) cases and <5 cm in 621 (65%) cases. Finally, chest compressions were in compliance with the guidelines for both rate and depth in 141 (15%) cases. The ratio of chest compressions in compliance with the recommended depth significantly decreased with the increase of the rate: 40% for a rate <100/min, 32% for a rate in the target (100–120/min) and 18% for a rate >100/min (P < 0.0001).

Discussion
The ratio of chest compressions in compliance with the recommended rate and depth was as low as 15%. The rate of chest compressions in compliance with the recommended depth significantly decreased when the chest compressions rate increased. To reach both recommended rate and depth seems illusive.
Design, Analysis, and Pitfalls of Clinical Trials Using Ex Situ Liver Machine Perfusion: The International Liver Transplantation Society Consensus Guidelines
Authors: Martins Paulo N. , Rizzari Michael D. , Ghinolfi Davide , Jochmans Ina , Attia Magdy , Jalan Rajiv , Friend Peter J. 
Published: March 2021

Background.Recent trials in liver machine perfusion (MP) have revealed unique challenges beyond those seen in most clinical studies. Correct trial design and interpretation of data are essential to avoid drawing conclusions that may compromise patient safety and increase costs.Methods.The International Liver Transplantation Society, through the Special Interest Group “DCD, Preservation and Machine Perfusion,” established a working group to write consensus statements and guidelines on how future clinical trials in liver perfusion should be designed, with particular focus on relevant clinical endpoints and how different techniques of liver perfusion should be compared. Protocols, abstracts, and full published papers of clinical trials using liver MP were reviewed. The use of a simplified Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation working group (GRADE) system was attempted to assess the level of evidence. The working group presented its conclusions at the International Liver Transplantation Society consensus conference “DCD, Liver Preservation, and Machine Perfusion” held in Venice, Italy, on January 31, 2020.Results.Twelve recommendations were proposed with the main conclusions that clinical trials investigating the effect of MP in liver transplantation should (1) make the protocol publicly available before the start of the trial, (2) be adequately powered, and (3) carefully consider timing of randomization in function of the primary outcome.Conclusions.There are issues with using accepted primary outcomes of liver transplantation trials in the context of MP trials, and no ideal endpoint could be defined by the working group. The setup of an international registry was considered vital by the working group.
UPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based plasma metabolome to identify biomarkers and time of injury in traumatic brain injured rats
Authors: Zhang Guangzheng , Lang Zhenyuan , Yang Qifan , Nie You , Wang Zhihan , Gao Ming , Zhang Nan , Xu Xia 
Published: March 2021

Background
To identify the potent metabolic biomarkers and time of injury of traumatic brain injured (TBI).

Methods
A total of 70 Sprague–Dawley rats were used to establish the TBI model in this study. The serum was collected at 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 3 days and 7 days after surgery. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was performed to analyze metabolic changes in the serum of the TBI rats from different groups. The differences between the metabolic profiles of the rats in seven groups were analyzed using partial least squares discriminant analysis.

Results
Metabolic profiling revealed significant differences between the sham-operated and other groups. A total of 49 potential TBI metabolite biomarkers were identified between the sham-operated group and the model groups at different time points. Among them, six metabolites (methionine sulfone, kynurenine, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, 3-Indolepropionic acid, citric acid and glycocholic acid) were identified as biomarkers of TBI to estimate the injury time.

Conclusion
Using metabolomic analysis, we identified new TBI serum biomarkers for accurate detection and determination of the timing of TBI injury.
Effects of passive and active training modes of upper-limb rehabilitation robot on cortical activation: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study
Authors: Zheng Jinyu , Shi Ping , Fan Mengxue , Liang Sailan , Li Sujiao , Yu Hongliu 
Published: March 2021

Objective
The purpose of this study is to investigate the cortical activation during passive and active training modes under different speeds of upper extremity rehabilitation robots.

Methods
Twelve healthy subjects completed the active and passive training modes at various speeds (0.12, 0.18, and 0.24 m/s) for the right upper limb. The functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to measure the neural activities of the sensorimotor cortex (SMC), premotor cortex (PMC), supplementary motor area (SMA), and prefrontal cortex (PFC).

Results
Both the active and passive training modes can activate SMC, PMC, SMA, and PFC. The activation level of active training is higher than that of passive training. At the speed of 0.12 m/s, there is no significant difference in the intensity of the two modes. However, at the speed of 0.24 m/s, there are significant differences between the two modes in activation levels of each region of interest (ROI) (P < 0.05) (SMC: F = 8.90, P = 0.003; PMC: F = 8.26, P = 0.005; SMA: F = 5.53, P = 0.023; PFC: F = 9.160, P = 0.003).

Conclusion
This study mainly studied on the neural mechanisms of active and passive training modes at different speeds based on the end-effector upper-limb rehabilitation robot. Slow, active training better facilitated the cortical activation associated with cognition and motor control.
See Video Abstract, http://links.lww.com/WNR/A621.
Protective effect of Houttuynia cordata extract on propofol-induced injury of rat hippocampal neurons by regulating PI3K/Akt and Toll-like receptor 4/NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Fang Hao , Yang Zhen , Yang Liu 
Published: March 2021

Objective
This study was to detect the protective effects of Houttuynia cordata extract on the damage induced by propofol in hippocampal neuron of rats.

Methods
Propofol-induced neuron injury model and H. cordata extract administration were conducted. Immunofluorescence and immunoblot were conducted for the effect of H. cordata extract on neuronal activity and inflammation were detected in this model.

Results

H. cordata extracts increased neuronal activity, and reduced propofol-induced neuronal inflammation levels. H. cordata extract also reduced propofol-induced neuronal apoptosis. Mechanically, we noticed H. cordata extract activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT pathway and suppressed Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappaB pathway, therefore protected propofol-induced injury of rat hippocampal neurons.

Conclusion
Our findings provide references for anesthetic use in infants and young children.
Family-centered postnatal training and adherence to newborn care practices in district hospitals in two Indian states: A quasi-experimental intervention study
Authors: Kashyap Sehj , Spielman Amanda F. , Ramnarayan Nikhil , Sahana SD , Pant Rashmi , Kaur Baljit , Rajkumar N , Premkumar Ramaswamy , Alam Shahed , Murthy Seema 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectivesGlobally, 2.5 million newborns die within the first month of life annually. The majority of deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and many of these deaths happen at home. The study assessed if the Care Companion Program (CCP) an in-hospital, skills-based training given to families improves post-discharge maternal and neonatal health outcomes.MethodsThis quasi-experimental pre-post intervention study design compared self-reported behavior and health outcomes among families before and after the CCP intervention. Intention to treat analysis included families regardless of their exposure to the intervention. Mixed effects logistic regression model, adjusted for confounders, was fit for all observations. Effects were expressed as Relative Risks (RR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI).ResultsAt 2-weeks post-delivery, telephone surveys were conducted in the pre (n = 3510) and post-intervention (n = 1474) groups from 11 district hospitals in the states of Karnataka and Punjab. The practice of dry cord care improved significantly by 4%, (RR = 1.04, 95%CI [1.04,1.06]) and skin to skin care by 78% (RR=1.78, 95%CI [1.37,2.27]) in the post-intervention group as compared to pre-intervention group. Furthermore, newborn complications reduced by 16% (RR=0.84, 95%CI [0.76,0.91]), mother complications by 12% (RR=0.88, 95%CI [0.79,0.97]) and newborn readmissions by 56% (RR=0.44, 95%CI [0.31,0.61]). Outpatient visits increased by 27% (RR=1.27, 95%CI [1.10,1.46]). However, outcomes of breastfeeding, mother’s diet, hand-hygiene, and process indicator of being instructed on warning signs were not different.ConclusionPostnatal care should incorporate pre-discharge multi-pronged training of families to improve essential maternal and newborn care practices. The CCP model runs on a public-private partnership and is integrated into existing health systems. Our findings demonstrate that it is possible to improve outcomes through a family-centered approach in India. The CCP model can be integrated into formalised hospital processes to relieve overburdened healthcare systems in LMIC settings.ARTICLE SUMMARYStrengths and Limitations of this studyStudy in 11 public health settings in 2 large Indian States and having large sample sizeMultiple health behaviours measured post-discharge during the neonatal periodQuasi-experimental study design allows for historical control group in the same settingPrimary limitation is that all behaviours are self-reportedRandom allocation was not feasible for this group intervention
Impact of Clinical and Genomic Factors on SARS-CoV2 Disease Severity
Authors: Dey Sanjoy , Bose Aritra , Chakraborty Prithwish , Ghalwash Mohamed , Saenz Aldo Guzman , Utro Filippo , Ng Kenney , Hu Jianying , Parida Laxmi , Sow Daby 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe SARS-CoV2 virus behind the COVID-19 pandemic is manifesting itself in different ways among infected people. While many are experiencing mild flue-like symptoms or are even remaining asymptomatic after infection, the virus has also led to serious complications, overloading ICUs while claiming more than 2.6 million lives world-wide. In this work, we apply AI methods to better understand factors that drive the severity of the disease. From the UK BioBank dataset we analyzed both clinical and genomic data of patients infected by this virus. Leveraging positive-unlabeled machine learning algorithms coupled with RubricOE, a state-of-the-art genomic analysis framework for genomic feature extraction, we propose severity prediction algorithms with high F1 score. Furthermore, we extracted insights on clinical and genomic factors driving the severity prediction. We also report on how these factors have evolved during the pandemic w.r.t. significant events such as the emergence of the B.1.1.7 SARS-CoV2 virus strain.
FAT4Identified as a Potential Modifier of Orofacial Cleft Laterality
Authors: Curtis Sarah W. , Chang Daniel , Sun Miranda R. , Epstein Michael P. , Murray Jeffrey C. , Feingold Eleanor , Beaty Terri H. , Weinberg Seth M. , Marazita Mary L. , Lipinski Robert J. , Carlson Jenna C. , Leslie Elizabeth J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOrofacial clefts (OFCs) are common (1 in 700 births) congenital malformations that include cleft lip (CL) and cleft lip and palate (CLP). These OFC subtypes are also heterogeneous themselves, with the cleft lip occurring on the left, right, or both sides of the upper lip. Unilateral CL and CLP have a 2:1 bias towards left-sided clefts, suggesting a nonrandom process. Here, we performed a study of left- and right-sided clefts within the CL and CLP subtypes to better understand the genetic factors controlling cleft laterality. We conducted genome-wide modifier analyses by comparing cases that had right unilateral CL (RCL; N=130), left unilateral CL (LCL; N=216), right unilateral CLP (RCLP; N=416), or left unilateral CLP (LCLP; N=638), and identified a candidate region on 4q28, 400 kb downstream fromFAT4, that approached genome-wide significance for LCL vs. RCL (p = 8.4×10−8). Consistent with its potential involvement as a genetic modifier of cleft lip, we found thatFat4exhibits a specific domain of expression in the mesenchyme of the medial nasal processes that form the median upper lip. Overall, these results suggest that the epidemiological similarities in left-to right-sided clefts in CL and CLP are not reflected in the genetic association results.
Atlas of epistasis
Authors: Chatelain Clément , Lessard Samuel , Thuillier Vincent , Carliez Cedric , Rajpal Deepak , Augé Franck 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe performed a genome-wide epistasis search across 502 phenotypes in case control matched cohorts from the UK Biobank. We identified 152,519 genome wide significant interactions in 68 distinct phenotypes, and 3,398 interactions in 19 phenotypes were successfully replicated in independent cohorts from the Finngen consortium. Most interactions (79%) involved variants that did not present significant marginal association and might explain part of the missing heritability for these diseases. In 10 phenotypes we show the presence of epistasis between common variants with intermediate to large effect size (OR> 2) supporting the hypothesis that common diseases are modulated by common variants. Most of the variants in interactions (82%) were more than 1Mb apart and cis-epistasis was hardly found outside the HLA region. Functional annotation of the variants suggests that most mechanisms behind epistasis occurs at the supra pathway level and that intra-gene or intra-pathway epistasis is rare. Surprisingly we find a significant biais toward antagonistic epistasis, representing 60% to 95% of interactions. In type 1 diabetes, hypothyroidism, disorders of mineral absorption, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, and multiple sclerosis more than 50% of interactions were completely compensating the effect of the marginally associated variant. In psoriasis we identified an interaction between a stop gain variant in CCHCR1 with two missense variants in MUC22 and HSPA1L leading to a 3 fold increase of the effect of CCHCR1 variant on disease risk. Our study shows that there is still much to discover in epistasis and we provide the full summary statistics results to researchers interested in studying epistasis.
What Explains the Socioeconomic Status-Health Gradient? Evidence from Workplace COVID-19 Infections
Authors: Godefroy Raphael , Lewis Joshua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper studies the contribution of the workplace to the SES-health gradient. Our analysis is based on a unique dataset that tracks various health outcomes and workplace risks among healthcare workers during the first four months of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The setting provides an exceptional opportunity to test for work-related disparities in health, while controlling for confounding determinants of the SES-health gradient. We find that low-SES nurses were systematically more likely to contract COVID-19 as a result of workplace exposure. These differentials existed in all healthcare institutions, but were particularly large in non-hospital settings. In contrast, we find no relationship between SES and non work-related infection rates. The differences in workplace infection rates are substantially larger than those implied by standard ‘task-based’ indices of transmission risk, and cannot be attributable to easily identifiable metrics of workplace risk. Together, our results show how subtle differences in work conditions or job duties can substantially contribute to the SES-health gradient.
Clonal dissection of immunodominance and cross-reactivity of the CD4+ T cell response to SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Low Jun Siong , Vaqueirinho Daniela , Mele Federico , Foglierini Mathilde , Perotti Michela , Jarrossay David , Jovic Sandra , Terrot Tatiana , Pellanda Alessandra Franzetti , Biggiogero Maira , Garzoni Christian , Ferrari Paolo , Ceschi Alessandro , Lanzavecchia Antonio , Cassotta Antonino , Sallusto Federica 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe identification of CD4+ T cell epitopes is essential for the design of effective vaccines capable of inducing neutralizing antibodies and long-term immunity. Here we demonstrate in COVID-19 patients a robust CD4+ T cell response to naturally processed SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Nucleoprotein, including effector, helper and memory T cells. By characterizing 2,943 Spike-reactive T cell clones, we found that 34% of the clones and 93% of the patients recognized a conserved immunodominant region encompassing residues S346-365 in the RBD and comprising three nested HLA-DR and HLA-DP restricted epitopes. By using pre- and post-COVID-19 samples and Spike proteins from alpha and beta coronaviruses, we provide in vivo evidence of cross-reactive T cell responses targeting multiple sites in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. The possibility of leveraging immunodominant and cross-reactive T helper epitopes is instrumental for vaccination strategies that can be rapidly adapted to counteract emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Whenmakes you unique: temporality of the human brain fingerprint
Authors: Van De Ville Dimitri , Farouj Younes , Preti Maria Giulia , Liégeois Raphaël , Amico Enrico 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe extraction of “fingerprints” from human brain connectivity data has become a new frontier in neuroscience. However, the time scales of human brain identifiability have not been addressed yet. In other words, what temporal features make our brains more “identifiable”? We here explore the dynamics of brain fingerprints (or brainprints) along two complementary axes: 1)what is the optimal time scaleat which brainprints integrate sufficient information, 2)when bestidentification happens. Using dynamic identifiability, we show that the best identification emerges at longer time scales (~300s); however, short transient “bursts of identifiability” persist even when looking at shorter functional interactions. We find that these bursts of identifiability might be strongly associated with neuronal activity. Furthermore, we report evidence that different parts of connectome fingerprints relate to different time scales: i.e., more visual-somatomotor at short temporal windows, more frontoparietal-DMN driven by increasing temporal windows. Finally, using a meta-analytic approach, we show that there is a broad spectrum of associations between brainprints and behavior. At faster time scales, human brain fingerprints are linked to multisensory stimulation, eye movements, affective processing, visuospatial attention. At slower time scales instead, we find higher-cognitive functions, such as language and verbal semantics, awareness, declarative and working memory, social cognition. We hope that this first investigation of the temporality of the human brain fingerprint will pave the way towards a better understanding ofwhatandwhenmakes our brains unique.
Public engagement and dialogic accounting through social media during COVID-19 crisis: a missed opportunity?
Authors: Landi Stefano , Costantini Antonio , Fasan Marco , Bonazzi Michele 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this exploratory study is to investigate why and how public health agencies employed social media during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak to foster public engagement and dialogic accounting.Design/methodology/approachThe authors analysed the official Facebook pages of the leading public agencies for health crisis in Italy, United Kingdom and New Zealand and they collected data on the number of posts, popularity, commitment and followers before and during the outbreak. The authors also performed a content analysis to identify the topics covered by the posts.FindingsEmpirical results suggest that social media has been extensively used as a public engagement tool in all three countries under analysis but – because of legitimacy threats and resource scarcity – it has also been used as a dialogic accounting tool only in New Zealand. Findings suggest that fake news developed more extensively in contexts where the public body did not foster dialogic accounting.Practical implicationsPublic agencies may be interested in knowing the pros and cons of using social media as a public engagement and dialogic accounting tool. They may also leverage on dialogic accounting to limit fake news.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first to look at the nature and role of social media as an accountability tool during public health crises. In many contexts, COVID-19 forced for the first time public health agencies to heavily engage with the public and to develop new skills, so this study paves the way for numerous future research ideas.
Biased by design – the case of horizontal accountability in a hybrid organization
Authors: Rajala Tomi , Kokko Petra 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThis study examines unexplored horizontal accountability types between public, private and third sector actors within a hybrid organization. The case organization was applying a novel alliance model to generate service paths for heterogeneous clientele consuming cultural, educational, health and social services. It was first to do so in Finland.Design/methodology/approachThis research is on a case study that used documents and interviews to examine the design of the horizontal accountability. The descriptive analysis focused on identifying what type of formal accountability system was designed (i.e. who is the account holder, and who is accountable and for what and why).FindingsAn imbalanced accountability system was identified because accountability obligations were unevenly distributed between public, private and third sector actors. The private sector was the most accountable for performance, and the third sector (i.e. voluntary sector) was the least accountable. As account holders, the public, private and third sector actors were judging their conduct as account providers. This created a biased horizontal accountability system. The hybrid's accountability system was dynamic because the contracts made to establish the hybrid included opportunities to change horizontal accountability if future changes to the external environment affect too drastically the potential to achieve the hybrid's goals.Originality/valueThree new concepts are proposed for studying dysfunctional accountability systems: dynamic, biased and horizontally imbalanced accountability.