bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emerging two‐dimensional monoelemental materials (Xenes): Fabrication, modification, and applications thereof in the field of bioimaging as nanocarriers
Authors: Chen Weijian , Pan Wanwan , Wang Jingwen , Cheng Liang , Wang Jing , Song Lei , Hu Yuan , Ma Xiaopeng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn recent years, more and more research enthusiasm has been devoted to the development of emerging two‐dimensional (2D) monoelement materials (Xenes) and explored potential applications in various fields, especially biomedicine and bioimaging. The inspiring results attribute to their excellent physicochemical properties, including adjustable band gap, surface electronic layout characteristics, and so on, making it easier for surface modification in order to meet designated needs. As a popular interdisciplinary research frontier, a variety of methods for fabricating 2D Xenes have recently been adopted for pre‐preparing future practical bioimaging applications, which implies that these materials will have broad clinical application prospects in the future. In this review, we will concentrate on the family of 2D Xenes and summarize their fabrication and modification methods firstly. Then, their applications in bioimaging as nanocarriers will be described according to the Periodic Table of Elements. In addition, current challenges and prospects for further clinical applications will be under discussion and use black phosphorus as a typical example. At last, general conclusion will be made that it is worth expecting that 2D Xenes will play a key role in the next generation of oncologic bioimaging in the future.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials
Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Regulatory and Policy Issues in Nanomedicine
Two fluorescent copper phosphonate complexes for sensing antibiotics, ketones and Fe3+ in water
Authors: Zhang Yu‐Tong , Ruan Jia‐Xin , Ma Dong‐Sheng , Gao Jin‐Sheng , Wu Guang , Liu Yi‐Fu , Yu Ying‐Hui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs the most attractive and fastest growing fluorescent sensing materials, metal‐organic compounds have demonstrated great potential for the detection of various types of chemicals. Two fluorescent phosphonate complexes [Cu3O2(HL)2 ⋅ 2H2O] (1) and [Cu(H2L)2 ⋅ 3H2O] (2) with diverse structures were designed and synthesized for this purpose from ((2’‐cyano‐[1,1’‐biphenyl]‐4‐yl)methyl)phosphonic acid (H2L) and copper ions with various valence state under solvothermal conditions. The structures of 1 and 2 are determined by single X‐ray crystal diffraction, and further characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TGA and PXRD. The two complexes demonstrate diverse properties on sensing Fe3+ ions, ketone and some antibiotics, and the according detection limits are obtained, indicating which could be applied as a fast, recyclable, and multi‐responsive fluorescence sensor. The sensing activity diversity between 1 and 2 toward different analytes was also discussed based on the possible sensing mechanisms to further explore the possible factors affecting the sensibility of the materials.
Synthesis of Directed, Tridentate Lewis Acids Based on a Trisilacyclohexane‐Backbone via Hydrosilylation
Authors: Rudlof Jens , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Mitzel Norbert W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBased on a semiflexible trisilacyclohexane framework a series of directed, tridentate Lewis acids were synthesized by hydrosilylation using various (chloro)methylsilanes. The axial alignment of the three electron deficient functions in one spatial direction allows creating poly‐Lewis acids with chalice‐like cavities. The directed, tridentate poly‐Lewis acids were obtained in quantitative yields and characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, CHN analysis and X‐ray diffraction experiments. The Lewis acidity of the introduced silicon functions was quantified and classified using the Gutmann‐Beckett method.
The Role of Public Policies in Enhancing Cultural and Creative Industries: An Analysis of Public Policies Related to Music in Colombia
Authors: Gómez-Reyes Flor Marleny , Catalá-Pérez Daniel , de-Miguel-Molina María 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis chapter aims to analyse how public policies can influence the development of clusters around the cultural and creative industries (CCIs), more specifically the music sector in the case of Bogota, the capital of Colombia. Since the 1990s, the cultural and creative industry has attracted academia and governments across the world to create clusters and economic development, mainly in developing countries such as Colombia. Yet to ensure music industry success, public policies that improve CCIs’ resources and capacities need to be provided. This paper focuses on the impact of public policies on CCIs in Bogota and how different clusters have been created, especially related to music. Moreover, we examine how national strategy has had a positive influence on local strategy with clusters being boosted in devalued areas of the city, bringing improvements in their economic development.
A gravitino distance conjecture
Authors: Castellano Alberto , Font Anamaría , Herráez Alvaro , Ibáñez Luis E. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We conjecture that in a consistent supergravity theory with non-vanishing gravitino mass, the limit m3/2 → 0 is at infinite distance. In particular one can write Mtower ~ $$ {m}_{3/2}^{\delta } $$

m

3
/
2

δ

so that as the gravitino mass goes to zero, a tower of KK states as well as emergent strings becomes tensionless. This conjecture may be motivated from the Weak Gravity Conjecture as applied to strings and membranes and implies in turn the AdS Distance Conjecture. We test this proposal in classical 4d type IIA orientifold vacua in which one obtains a range of values $$ \frac{1}{3} $$

1
3

≤ δ ≤ 1. The parameter δ is related to the scale decoupling exponent in AdS vacua and to the α exponent in the Swampland Distance Conjecture for the type IIA complex structure. We present a general analysis of the gravitino mass in the limits of moduli space in terms of limiting Mixed Hodge Structures and study in some detail the case of two-moduli F-theory settings. Moreover, we obtain general lower bounds δ ≥$$ \frac{1}{3},\frac{1}{4} $$

1
3

,

1
4

for Calabi-Yau threefolds and fourfolds, respectively. The conjecture has important phenomenological implications. In particular we argue that low-energy supersymmetry of order 1 TeV is only obtained if there is a tower of KK states at an intermediate scale, of order 108 GeV. One also has an upper bound for the Hubble constant upon inflation H ≲ $$ {m}_{3/2}^{\delta }{M}_{\mathrm{P}}^{\left(1-\delta \right)} $$

m

3
/
2

δ

M
P

1
−
δ

.
Resolving spacetime singularities in flux compactifications & KKLT
Authors: Carta Federico , Moritz Jakob 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In flux compactifications of type IIB string theory with D3 and seven-branes, the negative induced D3 charge localized on seven-branes leads to an apparently pathological profile of the metric sufficiently close to the source. With the volume modulus stabilized in a KKLT de Sitter vacuum this pathological region takes over a significant part of the entire compactification, threatening to spoil the KKLT effective field theory. In this paper we employ the Seiberg-Witten solution of pure SU(N) super Yang-Mills theory to argue that wrapped seven-branes can be thought of as bound states of more microscopic exotic branes. We argue that the low-energy worldvolume dynamics of a stack of n such exotic branes is given by the (A1, An−1) Argyres-Douglas theory. Moreover, the splitting of the perturbative (in α′) seven-brane into its constituent branes at the non-perturbative level resolves the apparently pathological region close to the seven-brane and replaces it with a region of $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(1) Einstein frame volume. While this region generically takes up an $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(1) fraction of the compactification in a KKLT de Sitter vacuum we argue that a small flux superpotential dynamically ensures that the 4d effective field theory of KKLT remains valid nevertheless.
Exploring the landscape for soft theorems of nonlinear sigma models
Authors: Rodina Laurentiu , Yin Zhewei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe generalize soft theorems of the nonlinear sigma model beyond the$$ \mathcal{O} $$O(p2) amplitudes and the coset of SU(N) × SU(N)/SU(N). We first discuss the universal flavor ordering of the amplitudes for the Nambu-Goldstone bosons, so that we can reinterpret the known$$ \mathcal{O} $$O(p2) single soft theorem for SU(N) × SU(N)/SU(N) in the context of a general symmetry group representation. We then investigate the special case of the fundamental representation of SO(N), where a special flavor ordering of the “pair basis” is available. We provide novel amplitude relations and a Cachazo-He-Yuan formula for such a basis, and derive the corresponding single soft theorem. Next, we extend the single soft theorem for a general group representation to$$ \mathcal{O} $$O(p4), where for at least two specific choices of the$$ \mathcal{O} $$O(p4) operators, the leading non-vanishing pieces can be interpreted as new extended theory amplitudes involving bi-adjoint scalars, and the corresponding soft factors are the same as at$$ \mathcal{O} $$O(p2). Finally, we compute the general formula for the double soft theorem, valid to all derivative orders, where the leading part in the soft momenta is fixed by the$$ \mathcal{O} $$O(p2) Lagrangian, while any possible corrections to the subleading part are determined by the$$ \mathcal{O} $$O(p4) Lagrangian alone. Higher order terms in the derivative expansion do not contribute any new corrections to the double soft theorem.
Systematics of the α′ expansion in F-theory
Authors: Cicoli M. , Quevedo F. , Savelli R. , Schachner A. , Valandro R. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Extracting reliable low-energy information from string compactifications notoriously requires a detailed understanding of the UV sensitivity of the corresponding effective field theories. Despite past efforts in computing perturbative string corrections to the tree-level action, neither a systematic approach nor a unified framework has emerged yet. We make progress in this direction, focusing on the moduli dependence of perturbative corrections to the 4D scalar potential of type IIB Calabi-Yau orientifold compactifications. We proceed by employing two strategies. First, we use two rescaling symmetries of type IIB string theory to infer the dependence of any perturbative correction on both the dilaton and the Calabi-Yau volume. Second, we use F/M-theory duality to conclude that KK reductions on elliptically-fibred Calabi-Yau fourfolds of the M-theory action at any order in the derivative expansion can only generate (α′)even corrections to the 4D scalar potential, which, moreover, all vanish for trivial fibrations. We finally give evidence that (α′)odd effects arise from integrating out KK and winding modes on the elliptic fibration and argue that the leading no-scale breaking effects at string tree-level arise from (α′)3 effects, modulo potential logarithmic corrections.
The compartmental approach to revision of partial knee arthroplasty results in nearer-normal gait and improved patient reported outcomes compared to total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Garner Amy J. , Dandridge Oliver W. , van Arkel Richard J. , Cobb Justin P. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This study investigated the gait and patient reported outcome measures of subjects converted from a partial knee arthroplasty to combined partial knee arthroplasty, using a compartmental approach. Healthy subjects and primary total knee arthroplasty patients were used as control groups.

Methods
Twenty-three patients converted from partial to combined partial knee arthroplasty were measured on the instrumented treadmill at top walking speeds, using standard gait metrics. Data were compared to healthy controls (n = 22) and primary posterior cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty subjects (n = 23) where surgery were performed for one or two-compartment osteoarthritis. Groups were matched for age, sex and body mass index. At the time of gait analysis, combined partial knee arthroplasty subjects were median 17 months post-revision surgery (range 4–81 months) while the total knee arthroplasty group was median 16 months post-surgery (range 6–150 months). Oxford Knee Scores and EuroQol-5D 5L scores were recorded at the time of treadmill assessment, and results analysed by question and domain.

Results
Subjects revised from partial to combined partial knee arthroplasty walked 16% faster than total knee arthroplasty (mean top walking speed 6.4 ± 0.8 km/h, vs. 5.5 ± 0.7 km/h p = 0.003), demonstrating nearer-normal weight-acceptance rate (p < 0.001), maximum weight-acceptance force (p < 0.006), mid-stance force (p < 0.03), contact time (p < 0.02), double support time (p < 0.009), step length (p = 0.003) and stride length (p = 0.051) compared to primary total knee arthroplasty. Combined partial knee arthroplasty subjects had a median Oxford Knee Score of 43 (interquartile range 39–47) vs. 38 (interquartile range 32–41, p < 0.02) and reported a median EQ-5D 0.94 (interquartile range 0.87–1.0) vs. 0.84 (interquartile range 0.80–0.89, p = 0.006).

Conclusion
This study finds that a compartmental approach to native compartment degeneration following partial knee arthroplasty results in nearer-normal gait and improved patient satisfaction compared to total knee arthroplasty.

Level of evidence
III.
A numerical investigation of Brockett’s ensemble optimal control problems
Authors: Bartsch Jan , Borzì Alfio , Fanelli Francesco , Roy Souvik 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper is devoted to the numerical analysis of non-smooth ensemble optimal control problems governed by the Liouville (continuity) equation that have been originally proposed by R.W. Brockett with the purpose of determining an efficient and robust control strategy for dynamical systems. A numerical methodology for solving these problems is presented that is based on a non-smooth Lagrange optimization framework where the optimal controls are characterized as solutions to the related optimality systems. For this purpose, approximation and solution schemes are developed and analysed. Specifically, for the approximation of the Liouville model and its optimization adjoint, a combination of a Kurganov–Tadmor method, a Runge–Kutta scheme, and a Strang splitting method are discussed. The resulting optimality system is solved by a projected semi-smooth Krylov–Newton method. Results of numerical experiments are presented that successfully validate the proposed framework.
The Effect of Teriparatide Treatment on the Risk of Fragility Fractures in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis: Results from the Asian and Latin America Fracture Observational Study (ALAFOS)
Authors: Chen Chung-Hwan , Elsalmawy Abdulaziz H. , Ish-Shalom Sophia , Lim Seung-Jae , AlAli Nadia S. , Cunha-Borges Joao L. , Yang Huilin , Casas Noemi , Altan Lale , Belaya Zhanna , Marin Fernando , Moll Thomas , Gurbuz Sirel , Brnabic Alan , Pavo Imre , Florez Sandra 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Asian and Latin America Fracture Observational Study (ALAFOS) is a prospective, observational, single-arm study conducted in 20 countries across Asia, Latin America and the Middle East. ALAFOS evaluated new clinical vertebral and non-vertebral fragility fractures in relation to time on teriparatide, in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis in real-life clinical practice. Clinical fragility fractures, back pain, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were recorded in 6-month intervals for ≤ 24 months during teriparatide treatment and up to 12-months post-treatment. Data were analysed with piecewise exponential regression with inverse probability weighting for time to event outcomes and mixed-model repeated measures for back pain and HRQoL. 3054 postmenopausal women started teriparatide and attended ≥ one follow-up visit (mean [SD] age 72.5 [10.4] years). The median (95% CI) time to treatment discontinuation was 22.0 months (21.2, 22.8). During the treatment period, 111 patients (3.6%) sustained 126 clinical fractures (2.98 fractures/100 patient-years). Rates of new clinical fragility fractures were significantly decreased during the > 6–12, > 12–18, and > 18–24-month periods, as compared with the first 6 months of treatment (hazard ratio [HR] 0.57; 95% CI 0.37, 0.88; p = 0.012; HR 0.35; 95% CI 0.19, 0.62; p < 0.001; HR 0.43; 95% CI 0.23, 0.83; p = 0.011; respectively). Patients also reported an improvement in back pain and HRQoL (p < 0.001). These results provide data on the real-world effectiveness of teriparatide in the ALAFOS regions and are consistent with other studies showing reduction of fractures after 6 months of teriparatide treatment. These results should be interpreted in the context of the noncontrolled design of this observational study.
Das Hamburger Register für intravitreale Injektionstherapien (QIVOM)
Authors: Wolfram Christian , Schargus Marc 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Intravitreale operative Medikamenteneingaben (IVOM) gehören zu den häufigsten medizinischen Prozeduren überhaupt mit ca. 1,5 Mio. Eingriffen in Deutschland pro Jahr. Für diese enorme Versorgungsaufgabe gibt es nur wenige empirische Daten über den Versorgungsprozess und seine klinische und subjektive Wirkung.

Material und Methoden
Es wird die Entwicklung und der Aufbau des Hamburger Registers für intravitreale Injektionstherapien (QIVOM) detailliert beschrieben. IVOM-Patienten der drei großen Augenkliniken Hamburgs (Asklepios Kliniken Nord-Hamburg und Barmbek, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf) werden im Rahmen der Routineversorgung mit IVOM zur Studienteilnahme eingeladen. Es werden subjektive Patientenangaben zum Krankheits- und Behandlungserleben erhoben und diese mit den patientenbezogenen medizinischen Parametern elektronisch ergänzt, pseudonymisiert und in einer elektronischen Datenbank erfasst.

Ergebnisse
Von den ersten 162 Studienpatienten (Alter 41–95 Jahre) war die Behandlungsindikation bei 64% exsudative altersbedingte Makuladegeneration (AMD), bei 22% retinaler Venenverschluss und bei 11% diabetisches Makulaödem. Es ergibt sich ein heterogenes Bild der Erkrankungsschwere und der subjektiven Beeinträchtigung. Eine Sehschärfe von 0,5 und besser wiesen 31,8% der Patienten am behandelten Auge im Vergleich zu 79,1% am Partnerauge auf. Die größte praktische Einschränkung betraf die Lesefähigkeit, bei der über ein Drittel erhebliche Einschränkungen erlebte. Autofahren war immerhin für 62% möglich. Eine Verbesserung der Sehfähigkeit durch IVOM erreichten 45% der Patienten.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Datenerfassung von patientenseitigen Daten und medizinischer Versorgungsdaten aus den Kliniken stellt den großen Vorteil des neu geschaffenen Registers dar. Die Erweiterung der Datenbasis soll in Zukunft vielfältige weiterführende Erkenntnisse erbringen und zur Qualitätssicherung in der IVOM-Therapie beitragen.
Effects of a disposable home electro-stimulation device (Pelviva) for the treatment of female urinary incontinence: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Oldham Jackie , Herbert Julia , Garnett Jane , Roberts Stephen A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Aims
To compare current General Medical Practitioner treatment as usual (TAU) for the treatment of female urinary incontinence with a novel disposable home electro-stimulation device (Pelviva).

Methods
Open label, Primary Care post-market evaluation. 86 women with urinary incontinence were randomly assigned to one of two 12-week treatments: TAU or Pelviva for 30 min every other day plus TAU. Outcome measures included ICIQ-UI (primary), PISQ-IR, PGI-S / PGI-I and FSFI (secondary) at recruitment and immediately after intervention, 1-h pad test at recruitment and usage diaries throughout.

Results
Pelviva plus TAU produced significantly better outcome than TAU alone: 3 versus 1 point for ICIQ-UI (Difference − 1.8 95% CI: − 3.5 to − 0.1, P = 0.033). Significant differences were also observed for PGI-I at both 6 weeks (P = 0.001) and 12 weeks (P < 0.001). In the Pelviva group, 17% of women described themselves as feeling very much better and 54% a little or much better compared to 0% and 15% in the TAU. Overall PISQ-IR score reached statistical significance (P = 0.032) seemingly related to impact (P = 0.027). No other outcome measures reached statistical significance. Premature termination due to COVID-19 meant only 86 women were recruited from a sample size of 264. TAU did not reflect NICE guidelines.

Conclusions
This study suggests Pelviva is more successful than TAU in treating urinary incontinence in Primary Care. The study had reduced power due to early termination due to COVID-19 and suggests TAU does not follow NICE guidelines.
Computing Minimal Unique Substrings for a Sliding Window
Authors: Mieno Takuya , Fujishige Yuta , Nakashima Yuto , Inenaga Shunsuke , Bannai Hideo , Takeda Masayuki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA substring u of a string T is called a minimal unique substring (MUS) of T if u occurs exactly once in T and any proper substring of u occurs at least twice in T. In this paper, we study the problem of computing MUSs for a sliding window over a given string T. We first show how the set of MUSs can change when the window slides over T. We then present an $$O(n\log \sigma ')$$

O
(
n
log

σ
′

)

-time and O(d)-space algorithm to compute MUSs for a sliding window of size d over the input string T of length n, where $$\sigma '\le d$$

σ
′

≤
d

is the maximum number of distinct characters in every window.
An Extension Strain Type Mohr–Coulomb Criterion
Authors: Staat Manfred 
Published: August 2021

AbstractExtension fractures are typical for the deformation under low or no confining pressure. They can be explained by a phenomenological extension strain failure criterion. In the past, a simple empirical criterion for fracture initiation in brittle rock has been developed. In this article, it is shown that the simple extension strain criterion makes unrealistic strength predictions in biaxial compression and tension. To overcome this major limitation, a new extension strain criterion is proposed by adding a weighted principal shear component to the simple criterion. The shear weight is chosen, such that the enriched extension strain criterion represents the same failure surface as the Mohr–Coulomb (MC) criterion. Thus, the MC criterion has been derived as an extension strain criterion predicting extension failure modes, which are unexpected in the classical understanding of the failure of cohesive-frictional materials. In progressive damage of rock, the most likely fracture direction is orthogonal to the maximum extension strain leading to dilatancy. The enriched extension strain criterion is proposed as a threshold surface for crack initiation CI and crack damage CD and as a failure surface at peak stress CP. Different from compressive loading, tensile loading requires only a limited number of critical cracks to cause failure. Therefore, for tensile stresses, the failure criteria must be modified somehow, possibly by a cut-off corresponding to the CI stress. Examples show that the enriched extension strain criterion predicts much lower volumes of damaged rock mass compared to the simple extension strain criterion.