bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of air pollution on lung function of road side hawkers
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Gupta Sonisha , Asthana Smita 
Published: February 2021

Background: There is increasing concern of ambient air pollution as a global threat to humans. The most prominent effect of air pollution is on lung function. The air pollution causes decline in lung function amongst high exposure populations. There are some most vulnerable groups who are chronically exposed to ambient air pollution like traffic policemen, roadside hawkers, Banjara community in India, E-Rickshaw drivers etc. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in East Delhi, India. Spirometry was done for roadside hawkers having high exposure to ambient Air pollution and working daily for 6-8 hours for the last more than 3 years. The low exposure group was taken from personnel working inside offices. The spirometry parameters of both the groups were compared. Student ‘T’ test was applied for statistical analysis with the help of SPSS software. Results: Comparison of FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio among two groups revealed lower values for the high exposure group which was statistically significant. Among high exposure group the mixed pattern of ventilation defect was observed. Among low exposure group normal pattern of lung function was observed. Conclusion: Roadside hawkers are a vulnerable group to ambient air pollution resulting in their lower values of lung function parameters with resultant mixed ventilator defect and consequently high risk for development of respiratory diseases in the future.
Determining the Implementation Status of Benefits Under Magna Carta of Public Health Workers (RA 7305) in the Philippines
Authors: Carpio Louella Patricia D. , Cayabyab Hanna Thea F. , Te Danielle Marie Irish T. 
Published: February 2021

Background. The Republic Act 7305 or the Magna Carta of Public Health Workers was enacted in 1992 to address health workers' welfare. However, the implementation of this act was reportedly inconsistent among local government units (LGUs).
Objectives. This study was conducted to determine the implementation status of provisions under the law among LGUs.
Methods. This is a descriptive case study employing mixed methods. The quantitative data were derived from LGU scorecards, and the qualitative data were obtained from focus group discussions and key informant interviews of mayors, municipal health officers, and budget officers.
Results. A total of 1,557 LGU scorecards with 2017 data showed that more than half (52.0%) of LGUs do not provide the full benefits of hazard pay, subsistence allowance, and laundry allowance. Disaggregation by income class showed that the provision of benefits is higher among LGUs with higher income classes (56.10%) compared to LGUs of lower-income classes (38.73%), and this translates to a correlation of income class with the provision of benefits (χ2=59.0, p<0.001). Factors influencing the provision of benefits include the political will of the mayor, the active role of municipal health staff to lobby for their rights, the limited resources of the LGU, the personnel services budget ceiling, the lack of enforcement of the law, and the limiting specifications of the law.
Conclusion. This study demonstrated that the Magna Carta benefits for public health workers in municipalities and cities are inadequately implemented. Local governments must enforce public health workers' rights and benefits, but the national government should aid and ensure its unvarying implementation.
An Assessment of Epidemiologic Burden of Hospitalization for Bronchial Asthma in Acute Exacerbation among Adult Patients Admitted in a Tertiary Hospital in the Philippines: A Pilot Study
Authors: Zamora Mithi Kalayaan S. , Fernandez Lenora C. 
Published: February 2021

Objective. This pilot study aimed to determine the epidemiologic burden of hospitalization for bronchial asthma in acute exacerbation.
Methods. We used a descriptive cross-sectional study to describe the demographic profile, comorbidities and level of control of patients admitted for bronchial asthma in acute exacerbation admitted to the Philippine General Hospital from May 1 to October 31 2019. The study computed for the admission rate and compared the average cost of hospitalization (diagnostics, therapeutics and room) using direct costing to the total reimbursable cost from PhilHealth. Associations between patient characteristics (age, type of admission) and hospitalization cost were also determined.
Results. We enrolled 45 patients in the study. The admission rate was 8/month. The mean cost of admission was significantly higher than the reimbursable amount from PhilHealth (Php 20,074.63 versus Php 9000) (p = 0.004). Cost of hospitalization was significantly higher in pay patients versus charity (p = 0.001 for diagnostics, p = 0.005 for treatment and p = 0.001 for room cost), in patients with poorly controlled asthma (p = 0.020 for diagnostics and p = 0.014 for room cost) and those with frequent short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) use (p = 0.001).
Conclusion. Asthma remains an economic burden for the Filipino patient. Persistent SABA use, perceived asthma control of patients and increased expenses associated with an asthma exacerbation admission lead to significant out-of-pocket expenditure.
Operating Room Efficiency for General Anesthesia Cases in the Department of Ophthalmology in a Public Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Umali Maria Isabel N. , Castillo Teresita R. 
Published: February 2021

Objective. To determine operating room efficiency for elective ophthalmologic surgeries requiring general anesthesia in a public tertiary institution based on standard efficiency parameters.
Methods. Prospective observational cross-sectional study of randomly selected elective cases requiring general anesthesia from April 2019 to June 2019 in the Department of Ophthalmology of the Philippine General Hospital. A single third-party observer recorded operating room milestones from which efficiency parameters were determined and compared with local and international guidelines and efficiency benchmarks.
Results. A total of fifty cases from the Retina, Plastic, Orbit, Glaucoma, and Motility services were observed. None started on the specified start time of 6:30 a.m., with surgeries starting an average of 52 ± 11.90 minutes after. Across subspecialties, median surgical preparation time was statistically significant (χ2: 12.01, p: 0.02), with the Retina and Orbit services having the most extended duration. Across age groups, pediatric cases had lower mean anesthesia preparation times (t: 2.15, df: 48, p: 0.04) and median trans-out lag times (χ2: 4.56, p: 0.03) than adults. Overall, more than 60% of cases reached targets for induction and surgical lag time. Turnaround for adult and pediatric patients was 75 ± 22.77 minutes and 71 ± 14.91 minutes, respectively. Benchmarking analysis showed that the first case on time, entry lag, and exit lag were below the 50th percentile while the room turnover time was above the 95th percentile.
Conclusion. Ensuring efficiency requires a multidisciplinary team approach. This research can guide administrators in determining interventions to increase operating room efficiency.
Negócios de comida e trajetórias de imigrantes brasileiros no Oeste da Austrália: adaptação de receitas, jornada dupla e muita determinação.
Authors: Casado Renata Utchitel , Cruz Eduardo Picanço , Falcão Roberto Pessoa de Queiroz 
Published: February 2021

O artigo se propõe a investigar, por meio da análise de trajetórias de sete empreendedores imigrantes brasileiros no Oeste da Austrália, como se deu o processo empreendedor de negócios de comida. Por meio de entrevistas em profundidade e análise documental, os autores oferecem subsídios sobre os recentes fluxos de brasileiros para o Oeste da Austrália, um fenômeno recente e pouco coberto pela literatura acadêmica em português. Ademais, o mesmo também contribui para a literatura do empreendedorismo étnico e imigrante, dado que o contexto brasileiro é menos pesquisado do que o dos imigrantes asiáticos na Austrália. Os resultados particularmente enfocam aspectos da criação e desenvolvimento de negócios do setor alimentício, que se valem da alavancagem étnica, embora sofrendo barreiras no que tocante à sua configuração, e necessidade de adaptação ao público local.
Impact of particle size and morphology of cobalt oxide on the thermal response to methane examined by thermal analysis
Authors: Yurchenko Olena , Pernau Hans-Fridtjof , Engel Laura , Bierer Benedikt , Jägle Martin , Wöllenstein Jürgen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) was used to examine the effect of the particle size and morphology of cobalt (III/IV) oxide (Co3O4) on its thermal response under exposure to methane (1 vol % in dry synthetic air), which is a relevant gas for the detection of combustible gases. The DTA response results from the catalytic oxidation of methane, and its characteristics should correlate with the pellistor response. Co3O4 samples differing in particle size and morphology were produced by ball milling (top-down technique) or were synthesized from precursor molecules by precipitation (bottom-up technique). The investigations carried out in dry air and a temperature range between 250 and 450 ∘C reveal that both particle size and particle shape have a considerable effect on thermal response, since the resulting layer structures and the associated surface area available for gas interaction differ. The Co3O4 catalyst, with small particles and an irregular shape, exhibits significantly higher response than milled Co3O4 samples. Comparison of DTA with the mass spectroscopy signal of CO2 evolved by the reaction verified a certain analogy between DTA measurements and the response produced by a pellistor.
The Addition Effectiveness of Sweat Potato Prebiotics on Digestibility and Bacteria In Vitro
Authors: Simanjuntak Servis , Purwokusumaning Daru Taufan , Safitri Apdila , Silaban Rikardo 
Published: February 2021

Pakan merupakan biaya terbesar dalam produksi peternakan. Pakan yang mengandung antibiotik sudah dilarang penggunaanya karena menimbulkan residu pada ternak sehingga dapat mengganggu kesehatan manusia. Solusi untuk mengganti penggunaan antibiotik adalah dengan penggunaan prebiotik. Salah satu sumber prebiotik adalah ubi jalar. Potensi ubi jalar sebagai sumber prebiotik karena adanya senyawa rafinosa dan meltotriosa. Oligosakarida berupa rafinosa pada ubi jalar merupakan sumber makanan bagi probiotik, karena di dalam usus rafinosa tidak diserap sehingga mikroba berperan dalam mencerna gugus gula rafinosa. Selain itu, produksi ubi jalar juga sangat melimpah di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas pemberian prebiotik ubi jalar merah, putih dan ungu dengan menggunakan cairan rumen untuk melihat kecernaan bahan kering, bahan organik, VFA total dan total bakteri secara in vitro. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan cara in vitro dan koloni bakteri dihitung dengan metode pencacahan koloni bakteri hidup dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa ubi putih merupakan sumber prebiotik yang paling baik digunakan, karena pada ubi putih jumlah koloni bakteri probiotik yang tumbuh lebih tinggi dibandingkan ubi merah, ungu, dan ransum kontrol.
EVALUASI PROGRAM WAJIB BACA TULIS HITUNG KELAS AWAL (CALISTUNG) (Studi Kasus Pada Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten Biak Numfor Tahun 2017)
Authors: Ismar  
Published: February 2021

CALISTUNG adalah singkatan dari membaca, menulis, dan berhitung. Calistung adalah tahapan dasar orang bisa mengenal huruf dan angka. Banyak pakar menganggap penting calistung untuk mempermudah komunikasi dalam bentuk bahasa tulis dan angka. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif, sedangkan penelitian dilakukan di dinas pendidikan Kabupaten Biak Numfor. Sementara Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan adalah observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi. Teknik analisa penelitian ini yaitu mendeskripsikan program calistung menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini, 1) Pada aspek konteks menunjukan bahwa pemerintah harus serius untuk melakukan pemantaun dan mengkaji ulang regulasi mengenai program yang dicanangkan sehingga masalah yang terjadi karena buta aksara tidak terjadi lagi. Sementara mengenai tujuan program calistung sudah tercapai tapi perlu dicanangkan secara permanen sehingga tidak ada lagi siswa yang tidak bisa membaca. Secara umum dampak program calistung yaitu mengurangi buta aksara di Indonesia pada umumnya dan Kabupaten Biak pada khususnya.2) Pada aspek input menunjukan bahwa, sarana pra sarana dan sumber dana sudah sesuai dengan ketentuan namun kedepannya perlu ditingkatkan lagi sehingga lebih baik.3) Pada aspek proses, menunjukan bahwa program Calistung sudah berjalan sesuai dengan target pemerintah dan belum ada hambatan karena ada kerja sama yang dilaukan oleh semua pihak baik sekolah,orang tua dan pemerintah. 4) Pada aspek produk Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan di lapangan bahwa program Calistung sudah berjalan sesuai dengan target dari pemerintah dalam hal ini Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten Biak
ANALISIS POTENSI PASAR IKAN KERAPU DI PULAU BONETAMBU KECAMATAN UJUNG TANAH KELURAHAN BARRANG CADDI KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Karina Arfany Arfah  
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Berapa Besar Potensi Pasar dan Ikan Kerapu Di Pulau Bonetambu Kecamatan Ujung Tanah Kelurahan Barrang Caddi Kota Makassar. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Pulau Bonetambu.Penentuan lokasi dilakukan secara sengaja dan waktu penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai Februari 2012.
Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan sekunder. Data primer tersebut diperoleh dari hasil observasi dan wawancara dengan responden sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari kantor kelurahan Barrang Caddi. Metode pengumpulan sampel dilakukan secara berkelompok dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 17 orang nelayan, 5 orang pedagang pengumpul dan 23 orang konsumen rumah tangga. Sehingga total sampel keseluruhan adalah 45 orang.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan permintaan konsumen, pedagang pengumpul dan eksportir ikan kerapu memiliki potensi pasar yang besar. Dari tiga komoditas ikan kerapu (Sunu, Lumpur dan Macan) ukuran > 1 kg yang memiliki potensi pasar yang besar. Untuk kerapu hidup yang memiliki potensi pasar terbesar adalah kerapu sunu (Plectopormus leopardus) sedangkan kerapu mati yang memiliki potensi pasar yang besar adalah kerapu lumpur (Epinephelus coloides).
PENGARUH PERSEPSI SISWA TERHADAP KOMPETENSI PROFESIONAL GURU, PERHATIAN ORANG TUA DAN PEMANFAATAN WAKTU BELAJAR DI RUMAH DENGAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS XI IPS SMAN 1 KUSAMBI
Authors: ALFIN DARLIN 
Published: February 2021

Abstrak
Darlin, 2017. Pengaruh Persepsi Siswa Terhadap Kompetensi Profesional Guru, Perhatian Orang Tua, dan Pemanfaatan Waktu Belajar di Rumah dengan Hasil Belajar matematika Siswa Kelas XI IPS SMAN 1 Kusambi.
Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) Pengaruh kompetensi profesional guru terhadap prestasi belajar matematika siswa kelas XI IPS SMAN 1 Kusambi, 2) Pengaruh perhatian orang tua terhadap prestasi belajar matematika siswa kelas XI IPS SMAN 1 Kusambi, dan 3) Hubungan pemanfaatan waktu belajar siswa terhadap prestasi belajar matematika siswa kelas XI IPS SMAN 1 Kusambi. Sampel dari penelitian ini adalah sebagian dari siswa kelas XI IPS SMAN 1 Kusambi tahun ajaran 2017/2018 atau 35% yaitu berjumlah 33 dari 80 siswa. Data dari penelitian ini dikumpulkan melalui instrument, angket dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis dengan teknik stastitik deskriptif dan statistik inferensial menggunakan rumus regresi linear sederhana. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa kompetensi Profesional guru berpengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar matematika sebesar 22,9%. Perhatian orang tua berpengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar matematika sebesar 51,3%. Dan pemanfaatan waktu belajar di rumah berpengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar matematika sebesar 49,4%. Dari penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kompetensi profesional guru, perhatian orang tua, dan pemanfaatan waktu belajar di rumah dapat mempengaruhi prestasi belajar matematika siswa kelas XI IPS SMAN 1 Kusambi.
“Let Us Make Men in Our Own Image”: The Mission Station as a Site of Black Emasculation in Nineteenth-century South Africa
Authors: Tonono Siyabulela 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Depictions of African men in nineteenth-century South Africa were shaped by reports of Christian missionaries and explorers of that time. These literary sources portrayed African men as uncivilized and savage brutes. Missionary discourses were mainly anchored on how best the mission station could civilize African men. This article explores the ways in which nineteenth-century missionaries sought to fashion African men in British sociocultural prescripts, as part of the “civilizing project” of Christianity. The article highlights the ontological violence and emasculation of Black men that came with the missionary ideology on masculinity. This analysis is grounded in decolonial thought.
MESOZOIC Mo MINERALIZATION IN NORTHEASTERN CHINA DID NOT REQUIRE REGIONAL-SCALE PRE-ENRICHMENT
Authors: Shu Qihai , Chiaradia Massimo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Northeastern China is one of the richest Mo-mineralized regions in China, with 95 Mesozoic Mo-bearing deposits and a total metal resource of &gt;12.2 Mt Mo. The reasons behind the large-scale Mesozoic Mo mineralization in NE China remain unclear, and whether or not there was any regional-scale pre-enrichment of the source region (e.g., a Mo-rich lower crust) is still a matter of debate. In this study, whole-rock Nd and zircon Hf isotope compositions of the intrusions related to the Mo mineralization have been compiled. The results show that the isotopic compositions are highly heterogeneous among these deposits with different ages and Mo tonnages, indicating that Mo-related magmas could be derived from either ancient lower crust or relatively juvenile lower crust or via mixing of mantle-derived magmas with varying proportions of crustal melts. This suggests that different magmas, independently from their sources, can produce Mo mineralization in NE China, and, therefore, that there was probably not an unusually Mo rich basement underlying NE China. In addition, Monte Carlo simulations have been carried out to explore the magmatic processes potentially associated with the formation of magmatic-hydrothermal (porphyry- or skarn-type) Mo deposits. The results reveal that a variably large magma volume (e.g., &gt;150 km3) was required to provide enough Mo metal to form the large (&gt;0.1 Mt Mo) deposits. In NE China, the Jurassic Mo deposits are much more abundant and larger than the Triassic and Cretaceous deposits, which could be attributed to the specific Jurassic tectonic regime. In the Jurassic, the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific oceanic plate led to regional compression, which favors accumulation of larger amounts of magmas at depth, ultimately resulting in larger Mo deposit formation. In this study, we highlight the importance of magma volume, rather than magma source, in the formation of the Mesozoic Mo deposits in NE China.
Experimental Investigation of an Influence of Coupled Compressive Loading on Porcine Spine Specimens
Authors: MIKUCKYTĖ Sandra , OSTAŠEVIČIUS Vytautas 
Published: February 2021

The human spine shortens approximately by 1% of its height during the daily activities and returns to its primary height during the night rest. Cyclic loading is important in order to ensure diffusion and convention of the nutrients and metabolites within the intervertebral discs. On the other hand, cyclic loading could lead to the damage of the intervertebral discs and the vertebra bodies if the magnitude and frequency of the loads applied to the spine exceed the allowable limits. As most of the in vitro studies that investigate the influence of cyclic loading deal with functional spinal units consisting of single intervertebral disc the purpose of this study is to investigate an influence of cyclic compression and flexion on the structural integrity and geometrical parameters of the spinal specimens consisting of more than one intervertebral disc.
Two specimens consisting of four adjacent vertebrae and three intervertebral discs were scanned by using computed tomography then loaded with combined cyclic compression and flexion and then scanned for the second time in order to capture the current condition of the specimens. Obtained images were used to evaluate the changes of structural integrity and geometrical parameters of the discs.
A significant decrease of the specimen height was observed during loading, mainly due to the loss of the fluid content within intervertebral discs. In total, the difference of the height of the two specimens immediately after the loading was 1.577 mm. No obvious damage to the specimens was observed when comparing images before and after the loading. A statistically significant differences between the height of the intervertebral discs before and after loading in both the first specimen (p = 0.0224) and the second specimen (p = 0.0155) were calculated with the lowest disc of both specimens decreasing the most and obviously losing the highest water content. The cross-sectional area of the lowest disc in both specimens also decreased the most. This once again confirms that lower part of the spine such as intervertebral discs L4-L5 and L5-S1 are the least prone to the injuries and degeneration due to disturbed nutrition and loss of water content.
Proceso de implementación de la Cruzada Nacional contra el Hambre como estrategia comunitaria para abatir la inseguridad alimentaria
Authors: Verdugo Araujo Luz Mercedes , Tereso Ramírez Leonor , Velarde Osuna Luis Alberto 
Published: February 2021

Este artículo es resultado de una investigación sobre las contradicciones discursivas del proceso de implementación de la política alimentaria Cruzada Nacional contra el Hambre como estrategia comunitaria; teniendo como objetivo evaluar su proceso de implementación para encontrar los obstáculos que limitan su eficiencia. El diseño de la investigación propone una metodología mixta utilizando la estadística descriptiva y la hermenéutica critica desde un estudio descriptivo, interpretativo y explicativo. Los sujetos de estudios fueron 63 beneficiarios de 27 comedores que operan en la ciudad de Culiacán, Sinaloa, México y 27 mediadoras comunitarias que son operadoras del programa social y que pertenecen a las localidades donde están insertos los comedores. Dentro de los resultados se encuentran la necesidad de políticas alimentarias que respondan al contexto sociocultural donde está siendo implementadas y mecanismos de operación basados en una comunicación interactiva entre los actores sociales. This article is the result of an investigation into the discursive contradictions of the implementation process of the National Crusade against Hunger food policy as a community strategy; aiming to evaluate its implementation process to find the obstacles that limit its efficiency. The research design proposes a mixed methodology using descriptive statistics and critical hermeneutics from a descriptive, interpretive and explanatory study. The study subjects were 63 beneficiaries of 27 canteens that operate in the city of Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico and 27 community mediators who are operators of the social program and who belong to the localities where the canteens are inserted. Among the results are the need for food policies that respond to the sociocultural context where they are being implemented and operation mechanisms based on interactive communication between social actors.