bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exosomes from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells can promote fibroblasts proliferation, migration, and collagen synthesis via activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway during wound healing
Authors: An Yu , Li Cong , Xu Quanchen , Sun Yu , Wang Zhiguo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Differentiation, migration, proliferation of skin fibroblasts are identified as the key factors during the cutaneous wound healing. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) have been recorded as possible candidates for wound treatment because of their positive effect on the regeneration of many tissues. Exosomes derived from ADMSCs (ADMSC-Exos), an important signal transduction substance secreted by ADMSCs, have a similar role to ADMSCs in wound healing. However, the effects of ADMSC‐Exos on cutaneous wound healing remain to be unclear. In this study, we tried to explore the role and mechaninsm of ADMSC‐Exos during cutaneous wound healing.
Methods

Human skin fibroblasts (HSF) and ADMSCs were isolated from skin and adipose tissues of healthy person. ADMSC-Exos were purified from human ADMSCs culture medium by differential ultracentrifugation and identified by Electron microscopy, Nanoparticle tracking, and Western blotting assay. Fibroblasts were treated with different concentrations of ADMSC‐Exos. The proliferation and migration abilities of fibroblasts were analyzed by CCK-8 assay and scratch method. The synthesis of collagen type I (Col-I), collagen type III (Col-III), and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in fibroblasts was assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting assay. A tensional wound model on rat back was used to evaluate the effect of ADMSC-Exos on wound healing. The expression levels of Wntb2 and β-catenin were analyzed by Western blotting and immunohistochemical assay.
Results

ADMSC-Exos were successfully obtained. ADMSC-Exos could significantly promote the migration and proliferation ability of fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. Compared with the treatment without ADMSC-Exos, the expression levels of Col-I and Col-III in fibroblasts treated with ADMSC-Exos were significantly increased, while the expression level of α-SMA is decreased. Besides, the enhanced expression of Wnt2b and β-catenin proteins confirmed the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Conclusions

ADMSC-Exos can promote fibroblasts proliferation, migration, and collagen synthesis in a dose-dependent manner and may play a positive role in skin wound healing through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. So our study elucidates part of the mechanism of ADMSC-Exos in wound healing, which illustrates the therapeutic potential of ADMSC-Exos as a new therapeutic approach to promote skin wound healing.
Effects of Sex and Weather on the Risk of Incidence of Anti-EGFR Therapy-Induced Rash in Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Study.
Authors: Arai Takahiro , Fujita Yukiyoshi , Imai Hisao , Matsumoto Hiroe , Yamazaki Miho , Hiruta Eriko , Suzuki Yuka , Ojima Hitoshi , Hosaka Hisashi , Minato Koichi , Saito Taeko 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Seasonal climatic changes may affect the development of the rash that is characteristic of treatment with anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibodies. This study evaluated the association between seasons and rash incidence among patients with cancer in Japan. Data of patients with colorectal or head and neck cancer treated with cetuximab or panitumumab during summer (S group; N = 34) or winter (W group; N = 37) between June 2014 and February 2019 were collected to retrospectively examine patient characteristics and rash incidence for ≤8 weeks after treatment initiation. Rashes were observed in 73.5% (N = 25) and 78.4% (N = 29) and grade 3 rashes were observed in 17.6% (N = 6) and 2.7% (N = 1) of the patients in the S and W groups, respectively, indicating higher rash incidence during summer (p = 0.09). Incidence of grade ≥2 rash in men in the S group was higher than that in the rest of the patient groups (p < 0.01), suggesting that rashes were more severe in men during summer. The higher incidence of skin rashes in men during summer might be attributed to the effects of ultraviolet light, lack of skincare, male hormones, and secretion of anti-EGFR antibodies in sweat. These findings highlighted the need for research on preventive measures for such rashes.
Non-Transgenic Functional Rescue of Neuropeptides
Authors: DiLoreto Elizabeth , Reilly Douglas , Sriniva Jagan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Animals constantly respond to changes in their environment and internal states via neuromodulation. Neuropeptide genes modulate neural circuits by encoding either multiple copies of the same neuropeptide or different neuropeptides. This architectural complexity makes it difficult to determine the function of discrete and active neuropeptides. Here, we present a novel genetic tool that facilitates functional analysis of individual peptides. We engineered Escherichia coli bacteria to express active peptides and fed loss-of-function Caenorhabditis elegans to rescue gene activity. Using this approach, we rescued the activity of different neuropeptide genes with varying lengths and functions: trh-1, ins-6, and pdf-1. While some peptides are functionally redundant, others exhibited unique and previously uncharacterized functions. The mechanism of peptide uptake is reminiscent of RNA interference, suggesting convergent mechanisms of gene regulation in organisms. Our rescue-by-feeding paradigm provides a high-throughput screening strategy to elucidate the functional landscape of neuropeptide genes regulating different behavioral and physiological processes.
Study on the Linear Vanishing Section Ratio of Earthen Sites and Anthropogenic Influence from the Perspective of Population Density
Authors: Du Yumin , Chen Wenwu , Cui Kai , Dong Wenqiang , Zhang Shuai , Zhang Qiyong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Having extremely high artistic, scientific and social values, earthen sites are widely distributed in China, which are important cultural relic resources of mankind. Due to accumulated natural erosions and human activities, however, earthen sites have been greatly damaged and have even vanished many sections, so that they are seriously threatened by extinction. In the circumstances, acquiring the conservation status of earthen sites is a vital prerequisite for the subsequent targeted protection. In this paper, as a world-renowned heritage site, the castles of the Ming Great Wall located in Qinghai Province were selected as the research object. A novel indicator namely the linear vanishing section ratio (L-VSR) was proposed and its value was classified as five levels to quantitatively characterize the specific conservation status of such sites. Based on the assessment results, the castles at the excellent status constituted the minimum proportion, while the castles at the very poor status represented the largest percentage, reflecting the grave situation of earthen sites. Furthermore, applying population distribution models into the linear fitting combined with the population density (PD), the positive correlation between PD and L-VSR was obtained to reveal the anthropogenic influence on the destruction of earthen sites. This study provides a new thought to quantitatively characterize the preservation conditions of earthen sites and also indicates the effect of human activities on the damage of earthen sites from the population perspective. Hence, it is beneficial to the overall damage assessment of earthen sites, and also meaningful to their further preservation and protective planning.
Clinical significance and intestinal microbiota composition in immunocompromised children with norovirus gastroenteritis
Authors: Lin Pei-Chun , Chen Shu-Huey , Yang Yu-Chen , Lin Sheng-Chieh , Lu Meng-Che , Tsai Yin-Tai , Lu Shou-Cheng , Chen Shih-Yen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Our study aims to figure out the clinical differences and distribution of intestinal microbiota in immunocompromised children with norovirus (NoV) gastroenteritis. Pediatric patients admitted to Shang-Ho Hospital with diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis with different immune status were enrolled and their medical records were reviewed. NoV gastroenteritis was validated using RT-PCR molecular methods. Viral shedding period was determined by real-time RT-PCR assays. Intestinal microbiota enrichment analysis was carried out by next generation sequencing with Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) Effect Size (LEfSe) method. Significantly higher frequency [mean, (IQR), 3.8 (3–5) /day] and longer viral shedding time [mean, IQR, 8.5 (5–13) days] was found in immunocompromised NoV infections than in immunocompetent patients without NoV infections (P = 0.013) and immunocompetent patients with NoV infections (P = 0.030). The fever prevalence was significantly lower in immunocompromised NoV infections. Comparative metagenomics analysis showed a significant difference in richness at the phylum level, the family level, and the genus level in patients under different immune status. We evaluated the clinical significances and microbiota composition in immunocompromised children with norovirus gastroenteritis. This will futher facilitate studies regarding the intestinal microbiota in such patients in determination of bacterial infection control and probiotic supplements strategy.
Famotidine and Celecoxib COVID-19 Treatment Without and With Dexamethasone; Retrospective Comparison of Sequential Continuous Cohorts
Authors: Malone Robert W , Tomera Kevin M , Egbujiobi Leo , Kittah Joseph K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We seek to rapidly identify, test and develop combinations of repurposed drugs to enable cost-effective treatments that reduce the risk of disease or death from SARS-CoV-2 infection. We hypothesize that the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 reflects overactive host inflammatory responses to infection and is not principally due to the primary direct cellular, organ and tissue damage attributable to viral infection. Stepwise clinical development has identified the combination of High Dose (HD) famotidine and celecoxib (famcox) as a promising adjuvant anti-inflammatory protocol. We now report results from a retrospective observational comparative cohort study designed to provide an estimate of the potential benefits, risks, prognosis and diagnostic laboratory findings associated with administration of dexamethasone in addition to famcox for treatment of newly hospitalized COVID-19 disease in a community hospital setting. Study enrollment was restricted to patients at WHO 4–5. In the group receiving adjuvant treatment with famcox without dexamethasone (active control) there were no deaths during hospitalization (0/18 = 0% mortality). A total of six deaths occurred in the group receiving famcox + dexamethasone (6/21 = 29% mortality). There was a significant difference in mortality between the two groups, Χ2 (1, N = 43) = 7.305, p < 0.007. Median time to event for reaching WHO score of < 4 was 3.5 days in the control group (famcox (–) dex) versus 10 days for the experimental group (famcox (+) dex) P < 0.001. We conclude that use of the potent non-specific anti-inflammatory corticosteroid dexamethasone in addition to the specific anti-inflammatory famcox protocol should only be considered in late stage COVID-19 disease in patients less than 70 years of age. The effects of added dexamethasone on laboratory biomarkers, and particularly on neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio raise concerns about the long-term effects of dexamethasone treatment with or without famcox during acute COVID-19 on the incidence and severity of chronic COVID (“long COVID” or PASC).
Biodiesel production from vegetable oil refinery waste using ohmic-assisted esterification
Authors: Alishahi Afsaneh , NIAKOUSARI MEHRDAD , Golmakani Mohammad Taghi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The ohmic-assisted esterification method was compared and contrasted with the conventional esterification method for biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters) production from vegetable oil refinery waste containing high free fatty acids. The reaction variables were free fatty acid:methanol molar ratio (1:1, 1:5, 1:10, and 1:15), catalyst concentration (1%, 2%, and 3%) and reaction time (5, 30, and 60 min). By increasing the conversion yield of free fatty acids to fatty acid methyl esters, density increased while viscosity and refractive index decreased. Optimum reaction conditions were a molar ratio of 1:10 and a catalyst concentration of 3% after 60 min of esterification reaction, while having a 95.74% conversion yield. There was no significant difference between fatty acid methyl esters produced with ohmic-assisted esterification and conventional esterification methods in terms of fatty acid profile, physicochemical and heating properties. Meanwhile, energy consumption by the conventional esterification method was about 25% higher than that of ohmic-assisted esterification. In fact, ohmic-assisted esterification can be considered as a green, cost-effective alternative method for the production of biodiesel from vegetable oil refinery waste.
Removal of methyl orange from from aqueous solutions using of PANI and PANI@Activated Carbon: Preparation, characterization, regeneration and comparative study
Authors: Bekhoukh Amina , Moulefera Imane , Zeggai Fatima Zohra , Abdelghani Benyoucef , Bachari Khaldoune 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This work investigated the elimination of Methyl Orange (MO) using a new adsorbent prepared from Activated Carbon (AC) with polyaniline reinforced by a simple oxidation chemical method. The prepared materials were characterized using XRD, TGA, FTIR and nitrogen adsorption isotherms. Furthermore, PANI@CA highest specific surface area values (near 332 m2.g− 1) and total mesoporous volume (near 0.038 cm3.g− 1) displayed the better MO removal capacity (192.52 mg.g− 1 at 298 K and pH 6.0), which is outstandingly higher than that of PANI (46.82 mg.g− 1). Besides, the process's adsorption, kinetics, and isothermal analysis were examined using various variables such as pH, MO concentration and contact time. To pretend the adsorption kinetics, various kinetics models, the pseudo first- and pseudo second- orders, were exercised to the experimental results. The kinetic analysis revealed that the pseudo second order rate law performed better than the pseudo first order rate law in promoting the formation of the chemisorption phase. In the case of isothermal studies, an analysis of measured correlation coefficient (R2) values showed that the Langmuir model was a better match to experimental results than the Freundlich model. By regeneration experiments after five cycles, acceptable results were observed.
Automatic Railway Gate Control System Using Arduino Controller
Authors: Rajan Deva 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The present work attempts to automate the opening and closing of gates at a railway level crossing. In general, level crossing gates are operated manually by a gate keeper. The gate keeper receives the information about the train arrival from a near station. When the train starts to leave the station, the station in-charge delivers this information to the closest gatekeeper to get ready. This human intervention can be avoided by automating the process. In situations where the train is late due to some reason, the gates remain closed for long durations causing dense traffic jam near the gates. This too can be prevented by automation. The proposed system uses infrared sensors to detect the arrival and departure of trains at the railway level crossing and Arduino to control the opening/closing of gates. The system uses two IR sensors to detect the arrival of the train and a third IR sensor to detect the departure of the train. When the arrival of the train is sensed, signals are provided to the traffic indicating the arrival of the train on the track. When the second sensor detects the train then the signal turns red and the motor operates to close the gate. The gate remains closed until the train completely moves away from the level cross. When the departure of the train is detected by the third sensor, the traffic signal turns green and the motor operates to open the gate. Thus automation of the gate operations at the railway level cross is achieved using sensors.
Comparison of a tube core and Magill forceps for nasotracheal intubation: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hu Rui , Niu Jing-Yi , Wu Li-Ning , Sun Hao , Sun Peng , Huang Jia-Ying , Yu Jun-Ma 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Magill forceps are frequently used to complete nasotracheal intubation (NTI). We aimed to identify a tube core that could conveniently facilitate the NTI process without using Magill forceps.Methods: Sixty patients scheduled for oral and maxillofacial surgeries were enrolled in our study and divided into two groups (30 per group) with no differences with regard to demographic data. In the Magill forceps group (Group M), a wire-reinforced endotracheal catheter was inserted into the trachea using Magill forceps. However, in the tube core group (Group T), a tube core bent to the physiological curve of the nasal cavity and lubricated with aseptic paraffin oil was inserted into the endotracheal catheter and was then withdrawn after the endotracheal catheter was advanced through the glottis under direct vision.Results: All NTIs were completed successfully, and Magill forceps were not used on any patient in Group T. There was a significant difference in total NTI time between the two groups (Group M, 59.7 (5.1) sec vs Group T, 52.4 (3.1) sec). Mild epistaxis was observed in 6 patients in Group M and 5 patients in Group T (6/30 vs 5/30, respectively). No damage to oral tissue or teeth was observed in either group.Conclusions: We conclude that using a tube core, consisting of a disposable sterilised stylet, is a convenient choice for NTI.Trial registration: Patient enrolment was conducted after registration in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (www.Chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR1900027387). This trial was prospectively registered on 11 November 2019.
Noninvasive technology of photostimulation of lymphatic clearance of red blood cells from the mouse brain after intraventricular hemorrhage.
Authors: Li Dongyu , Liu Shaojun , Yu Tingting , Liu Zhang , Sun Silin , Bragin Denis , Shirokov Alexander , Navolokin Nikita , Bragina Olga , Kurths Juergen , Fedosov Ivan , Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya Oxana , Zhu Dan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is the most fatal form of brain injury in adults and infants. However, therapy of IVH is very limited, and new strategies are needed to reduce hematoma expansion. For the first time, in our experiments on mice with IVH, we clearly demonstrate that transcranial low-level infra-red photostimulation (PS) accelerates the red blood cells (RBCs) evacuation from the ventricles that is associated with reducing the mortality in 1.57 times, improving emotional status and recovery of intracranial pressure. We revealed the mechanisms of PS-modulation of lymphatic contractility and tone of the lymphatic vessels underlying the lymphatic clearing functions. Our findings strongly suggest that PS-mediated stimulation of lymphatic clearance of RBCs can be a novel non-invasive, bedside, readily applicable, and commercially viable technology for the treatment of IVH.
Case study of leak detection based on Gaussian function in experimental viscoelastic water pipeline
Authors: Rezapour Iraj , Shafai Bejestan Mahmood , Aminnejad Babak 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Leakage in transmission pipelines and water distribution networks causes water and energy loss and reduces water quality. The accuracy of leakage detection using transient-based methods depends on several factors. This study investigated the sensitivity of location and size of leaks in simple polyethylene transmission pipelines to dynamic parameters, flow regime, sample size, spatial-step increment, and leak size and location. For this purpose, a hydraulic transient solver was first developed to take into account the dynamic effects of unsteady friction, viscoelasticity of the pipe wall, and the leak. The leakage was assumed to function with a quasi-normal distribution around its real location to reduce problem dimensionality and unnecessary computations. This approach was evaluated based on experimental transient data in which leaks were simulated in different sizes and locations. Results revealed that the hydraulic transient model that includes only viscoelasticity effects could pinpoint leakage characteristics. The sample size evaluation indicated that half and a single period of the pressure signal are sufficient to determine the leakage location and size in simple viscoelastic transmission pipelines, respectively. The optimal ratio of the spatial step to pipe length (Δx/L) was 0.025.
Digital Phenotypes for Understanding Individuals' Compliance With COVID-19 Policies and Personalized Nudges: Longitudinal Observational Study
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed , Zhang Heng , Clinch Sarah , Poliakoff Ellen , Parsia Bijan , Harper Simon 
Published: May 2021

Background
Governments promote behavioral policies such as social distancing and phased reopening to control the spread of COVID-19. Digital phenotyping helps promote the compliance with these policies through the personalized behavioral knowledge it produces.

Objective
This study investigated the value of smartphone-derived digital phenotypes in (1) analyzing individuals’ compliance with COVID-19 policies through behavioral responses and (2) suggesting ways to personalize communication through those policies.

Methods
We conducted longitudinal experiments that started before the outbreak of COVID-19 and continued during the pandemic. A total of 16 participants were recruited before the pandemic, and a smartphone sensing app was installed for each of them. We then assessed individual compliance with COVID-19 policies and their impact on habitual behaviors.

Results
Our results show a significant change in people’s mobility (P<.001) as a result of COVID-19 regulations, from an average of 10 visited places every week to approximately 2 places a week. We also discussed our results within the context of nudges used by the National Health Service in the United Kingdom to promote COVID-19 regulations.

Conclusions
Our findings show that digital phenotyping has substantial value in understanding people’s behavior during a pandemic. Behavioral features extracted from digital phenotypes can facilitate the personalization of and compliance with behavioral policies. A rule-based messaging system can be implemented to deliver nudges on the basis of digital phenotyping.