bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Working together: An investigation of the impact of working alliance and cohesion on group psychotherapy attendance
Authors: Clough Bonnie , Spriggens Lauren , Stainer Matthew , Casey Leanne 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesGroup psychotherapy holds considerable potential for cost‐effective treatment delivery. However, issues with client attendance can compromise the efficacy of such treatments. To date, client specific factors are amongst the most researched predictors of attendance in psychotherapy, with much less of a focus given to process factors, particularly in the group therapy context. This study aimed to determine which process factors influenced attendance in the context of a group therapy programme for adults with anxiety. It was hypothesized that (1) the working alliance and group cohesion would be moderately correlated, (2) both the working alliance and group cohesion would explain unique variance in session attendance, and (3) the working alliance would act as a moderator for attendance, when group cohesion was low.DesignThe study utilized a within participants design.MethodsParticipants were 91 adults (aged 18–74 years) who took part in a 9‐week, transdiagnostic cognitive behavioural group therapy programme for the treatment of anxiety disorders.ResultsWorking alliance and group cohesion were significantly, but only moderately correlated (rs ranging .41 to .55). Together, working alliance and group cohesion significantly predicted total session attendance (17.70% variance explained). Working alliance did not moderate the relationship between group cohesion and session attendance.ConclusionsThe importance of individual and group processes in influencing group therapy engagement is highlighted, including the role of fostering bonds within the group and between clients and therapists.Practitioner points

A complex array of process factors has been argued to influence treatment outcomes in group therapy

The quality of the relationship between group therapy clients, as well as the relationship between a client and the therapist, predict session attendance.

The quality of the relationship between the client and the therapist may be the most important predictor of session attendance.

Therapists should foster positive relationships between each client and the therapist in group therapy, as well as assisting each client to foster positive relationships with other group members.
Gas exchange measurements in the unsteady state
Authors: Saathoff Aaron J. , Welles Jon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLeaf level gas exchange is a widely used technique that provides real‐time measurement of leaf physiological properties, including CO2 assimilation (A), stomatal conductance to water vapour (gsw) and intercellular CO2 (Ci). Modern open‐path gas exchange systems offer greater portability than the laboratory‐built systems of the past and take advantage of high‐precision infrared gas analyzers and optimized system design. However, the basic measurement paradigm has long required steady‐state conditions for accurate measurement. For CO2 response curves, this requirement has meant that each point on the curve needs 1–3 min and a full response curve generally requires 20–35 min to obtain a sufficient number of points to estimate parameters such as the maximum velocity of carboxylation (Vc,max) and the maximum rate of electron transport (Jmax). For survey measurements, the steady‐state requirement has meant that accurate measurement of assimilation has required about 1–2 min. However, steady‐state conditions are not a strict prerequisite for accurate gas exchange measurements. Here, we present a new method, termed dynamic assimilation, that is based on first principles and allows for more rapid gas exchange measurements, helping to make the technique more useful for high throughput applications.
Children's daily lives and well‐being: Findings from the CORONA‐CODOMO survey 1st wave
Authors: Hangai Mayumi , Piedvache Aurelie , Sawada Naomi , Okubo Yusuke , Sampei Makiko , Yamaoka Yui , Tanaka Kyoko , Hosozawa Mariko , Morisaki Naho , Igarashi Takashi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has changed people's lives dramatically. Few data on the acute effects of the pandemic on children's daily lives and well‐being have been published to date. This study aimed to capture its effects on Japanese children during the first peak of the outbreak.MethodsWe conducted a web‐based, anonymous cross‐sectional survey targeting Japanese children aged 7–17 years and parents/guardians of children aged 0–17 years. Eligible individuals were invited to participate in the survey from April 30 to May 31, 2020. This self‐report questionnaire examined daily life and behaviors, psychological symptoms, well‐being, quality of life, and positive parenting or abusive behaviors at the very beginning of the outbreak.ResultsA total of 2,591 children and 6,116 parents/guardians participated in our survey. Sixty‐two percent of children reported screen time exceeding 2 h. Twenty percent of children reported abusive behaviors by family members. Nine in ten parents/guardians of school‐aged children reported that their child had at least one acute stress symptom in the past month. Average mental health subscale scores from KINDLR questionnaire on quality of life were lower than the national average for all grades. Nearly half of parents/guardians refrained from seeking medical care for the child's symptoms.ConclusionsThe COVID‐19 pandemic had serious acute impacts on Japanese children's daily lives, well‐being, family relationships, and health‐care utilization, including some impacts that are potentially long‐lasting; thus, proactive interventions and services are needed, as well as longitudinal surveys.
Percentage of overweight is overestimated in children of short stature
Authors: Matsuda Takuya , Kuroyanagi Yuichi , Okasora Keisuke , Takitani Kimitaka , Takaya Ryuzou , Ashida Akira 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased, not just in adults but also in children. In Japan, the percentage of overweight (POW) is widely used for the estimation and assessment of percentage body fat (PBF) for children. We examine whether there is a difference between normal height and short stature children in terms of the relationship between POW and PBF.MethodsA total of 321 children of normal height (163 boys, 158 girls) and 106 children with short stature (78 boys, 28 girls) were assessed according to sex. Percentage of overweight was used to represent the degree of obesity. The PBF of the total body was examined by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry.ResultsAccording to their PBF, normal height subjects of both sexes were classified as obese if they had a POW of more than 20%. However, short‐stature subjects of both sexes were not classified as obese until the boys had a POW of 40%, and girls had a POW of 35%, respectively. Thus, overweight or obesity is overestimated in short stature children in both males and females with the rule “POW above 20% is recognized as obesity.”ConclusionsPercentage of overweight is commonly considered as a good surrogate measure for determining overweight and obesity in children of both sexes. However, this study has clarified that body fat accumulation is overestimated in children with short stature when using the POW measurement.
Intramolecular Charge Transfer in the Azathioprine Prodrug Quenches Intersystem Crossing to the Reactive Triplet State in 6‐Mercaptopurine†
Authors: Ortiz‐Rodríguez Luis A. , Ortiz‐Zayas Glesmarie , Pollum Marvin , Hoehn Sean J. , Jockusch Steffen , Crespo‐Hernández Carlos E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe thiopurine prodrugs 6‐mercaptopurine and azathioprine are among the world’s essential medications for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, immunosuppression and several autoimmune conditions. Thiopurine prodrugs are efficient UVA absorbers and singlet oxygen generators and the long‐term treatment with these prodrugs correlates with a high incidence of sunlight‐induced skin cancer in patients. In this contribution, we show that the electronic relaxation mechanisms and photochemical properties of azathioprine are remarkably different from those of 6‐mercaptopurine upon absorption of UVA radiation. UVA excitation of 6‐mercaptopurine results in nearly 100% triplet yield and up to 30% singlet oxygen generation, whereas excitation of azathioprine with UVA leads to triplet yields of 15–3% depending on pH of the aqueous solution and <1% singlet oxygen generation. While photoexcitation of 6‐mercaptopurine and other thiopurine prodrugs can facilitate oxidatively generated cell damage, azathioprine's poor photosensitization ability reveals the use of interchromophoric charge‐transfer interactions for the molecular design of photostable prodrugs exhibiting a remarkable reduction in photocytotoxic side effects before drug metabolization.
Double‐edged effects of the cryogenic technique for virus eradication and preservation in shallot shoot tips
Authors: Wang Min‐Rui , Hamborg Zhibo , Ma Xiao‐Yan , Blystad Dag‐Ragnar , Wang Qiao‐Chun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPlant virus eradication is a prerequisite for the use of virus‐free propagules for sustainable crop production. In contrast, virus preservation is required for all types of applied and basic research of viruses. Shoot tip cryopreservation can act as a double‐edged strategy, facilitating either virus eradication or virus preservation in cryoderived plants. Here, we tested the efficacies of shoot tip cryopreservation for virus eradication and preservation in shallot (Allium cepa var. aggregatum). In vitro stock shallot shoots infected with onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) and shallot latent virus were thermotreated for 0, 2, and 4 weeks at a constant temperature of 36℃ before shoot tip cryopreservation. Results showed that viruses were preserved in recovered shoots when thermotherapy was not applied. Although thermotherapy lowered the regrowth levels of cryotreated shoot tips, the efficiency of virus eradication increased from 5% to 54%. Immunolocalization of OYDV and histological observation of cryotreated shoot tips showed the high frequency of virus preservation was due to the viral invasion of cells close to the apical meristem and the high proportion of cells surviving. Four weeks of thermotherapy drastically decreased the distribution of OYDV, as well as the percentage of surviving cells within the shoot tips, thereby promoting virus eradication. Virus‐free plants obtained from combining thermotherapy with cryotherapy showed significantly improved vegetative growth and bulb production. The present study reports how thermotherapy can act as a trigger to facilitate either the safe preservation of Allium viruses or the production of virus‐free shallot plants.
Transcriptional regulation of plant seed development
Authors: Su Liyang , Wan Siqi , Zhou Junmei , Shao Qing Song , Xing Bingcong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPlant seeds, which are unique reproductive organs of gymnosperms and angiosperms, are used for edible, medicinal, and industrial purposes. Transcription factors (TFs) are master regulators of plant growth, development, and stress responses. This review describes, in detail, the functions of TFs in regulating seed development. Different TFs, or even different TF families, may have similar functions in seed development. For example, WUSCHEL‐related homeobox, LEC2/FUS3/ABI3, and HEME ACTIVATOR PROTEIN3 families can control plant seed embryonic initiation and development. In contrast, some members of the same TF family may have completely opposite roles. For instance, AtMYB76 and AtMYB89 inhibit the accumulation of seed oil, whereas AtMYB96 promotes seed fatty acid accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Compared with the number of studies that have addressed regulation by single TFs, only a few have focused on multiple‐TF regulatory networks. This review should be useful as a reference for future studies on regulatory networks of TF complexes.
BMP2K phosphorylates AP‐2 and regulates clathrin‐mediated endocytosis
Authors: Ramesh Shikha T. , Navyasree Kolaparamba V. , Sah Sneha , Ashok Anjitha B. , Qathoon Nishada , Mohanty Suryasikha , Swain Rajeeb K. , Umasankar Perunthottathu K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPhosphorylation of the central adaptor protein complex, AP‐2 is pivotal for clathrin‐mediated endocytosis (CME). Here, we uncover the role of an uncharacterized kinase (BMP‐2 inducible kinase—BMP2K) in AP‐2 phosphorylation. We demonstrate that BMP2K can phosphorylate AP‐2 in vitro and in vivo. Functional impairment of BMP2K impedes AP‐2 phosphorylation leading to defects in clathrin‐coated pit (CCP) morphology and cargo internalization. BMP2K engages AP‐2 via its extended C‐terminus and this interaction is important for its CCP localization and function. Notably, endogenous BMP2K levels decline upon functional impairment of AP‐2 indicating AP‐2 dependent BMP2K stabilization in cells. Further, functional inactivation of BMP2K in zebrafish embryos yields gastrulation phenotypes which mirror AP‐2 loss‐of‐function suggesting physiological relevance of BMP2K in vertebrates. Together, our findings propose involvement of a novel kinase in AP‐2 phosphorylation and in the operation of CME.
Applications of in vivo confocal microscopy in the management of infectious keratitis in veterinary ophthalmology
Authors: Ledbetter Eric C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) is a relatively new ocular imaging technique that permits morphological and quantitative assessment of the living cornea on the cellular level. The applications for IVCM in clinical ophthalmology are numerous and diverse. There are several advantages inherent to IVCM over standard diagnostic techniques currently used to confirm a diagnosis of infectious keratitis in veterinary ophthalmology. With IVCM, images can be viewed in real‐time providing immediate diagnostic information. Traumatic corneal sampling techniques are avoided, and the procedure can be repeated as frequently as is clinically indicated without risk of corneal tissue damage. Both superficial and deep corneal lesions can be evaluated by IVCM in an atraumatic fashion. Microorganism viability is not required for their detection and specialized diagnostic laboratory assay procedures are not necessary. Many larger infectious agents can be directly identified within corneal lesions by IVCM, including fungi and parasites such as Acanthamoeba spp. In other situations, such as bacterial infectious crystalline keratopathy, the biological systems associated with the microorganism can be detected within the cornea. The current resolution of IVCM is inadequate to directly visualize some corneal infectious agents, such as herpesviruses, but host responses and virus‐infected epithelial cells can be identified. This review summarizes the current knowledge and applications of IVCM in the management of infectious keratitis in veterinary ophthalmology, including its use in animals with bacterial, fungal, parasitic, and viral keratitis.
Age-Related Changes in Sensitivity of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Leaves to Continuous Light
Authors: Shibaeva T. G. , Mamaev A. V. , Sherudilo E. G. , Ikkonen E. N. , Titov A. F. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) belongs to the crops that are the most sensitive to continuous lighting (CL). We studied age-dependent changes in the sensitivity of tomato leaves to CL. The leaves exposed to CL from a lag-phase of their growth exhibited pronounced chlorosis with the loss of 30% chlorophyll after 2 weeks. The values of the maximum (Fv/Fm) and actual (φII) quantum yields of the PSII photochemical activity were decreased, the photosynthesis rate was suppressed, and the relative electrolyte leakage was enhanced. In contrast, the leaves were less sensitive to CL if they had passed their early growth (lag-phase) under normal light conditions (16-h photoperiod) and encountered the CL as late as in the log-phase. In this case, the chlorophyll content, the photosynthesis rate, and the electrolyte leakage were close to the levels of the control leaves grown at the 16-h photoperiod except for the antioxidant enzymes—catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and guaiacol peroxidase—which were more active. The conclusion was drawn that the age-related changes in the CL-sensitivity are due to the difference in activities of the antioxidant enzymes. In general, the elder plants were less sensitive to CL than the younger ones.
Thermal Stress, Aggregation of Chlorophyll-Protein Complexes, and Light-Dependent Recovery of PSII activity in Wheat Seedlings
Authors: Khristin M. S. , Smolova T. N. , Kreslavski V. D. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The dynamics of changes in the photochemical activity of photosystem II (PSII) and low-temperature spectra at 77 K in the first leaves of 11-day winter wheat plants Triticum aestivum L., as well as structural changes in chlorophyll-protein complexes (CPC) of thylakoid membranes during recovery after a short-term (20 min) heating at a temperature of 42°C, were studied. Changes in the Fv/Fm, F735/F695, and F735/F685 ratios indicate inhibition of PSII immediately after heating. Using nondenaturing electrophoresis, it was shown that the light-harvesting Chl a/b complex of PSII does not aggregate immediately after heating but after several hours, after 6 h the desagregation of CPC was observed, which was consistent with an increase in the Fv/Fm ratio upon recovery. The influence of temperature, intensity, and quality of light (white, blue, and red light) on the recovery of PSII activity and low-temperature fluorescence spectra was studied. It was concluded that the recovery is a photo-activated low-energy process, independent of photosynthesis, and the most effective in blue light.
KRAN: Knowledge Refining Attention Network for Recommendation
Authors: Zhang Zhenyu , Zhang Lei , Yang Dingqi , Yang Liu 
Published: September 2021

Recommender algorithms combining knowledge graph and graph convolutional network are becoming more and more popular recently. Specifically, attributes describing the items to be recommended are often used as additional information. These attributes along with items are highly interconnected, intrinsically forming a Knowledge Graph (KG). These algorithms use KGs as an auxiliary data source to alleviate the negative impact of data sparsity. However, these graph convolutional network based algorithms do not distinguish the importance of different neighbors of entities in the KG, and according to Pareto’s principle, the important neighbors only account for a small proportion. These traditional algorithms can not fully mine the useful information in the KG.
To fully release the power of KGs for building recommender systems, we propose in this article KRAN, a Knowledge Refining Attention Network, which can subtly capture the characteristics of the KG and thus boost recommendation performance. We first introduce a traditional attention mechanism into the KG processing, making the knowledge extraction more targeted, and then propose a refining mechanism to improve the traditional attention mechanism to extract the knowledge in the KG more effectively. More precisely, KRAN is designed to use our proposed knowledge-refining attention mechanism to aggregate and obtain the representations of the entities (both attributes and items) in the KG. Our knowledge-refining attention mechanism first measures the relevance between an entity and it’s neighbors in the KG by attention coefficients, and then further refines the attention coefficients using a “richer-get-richer” principle, in order to focus on highly relevant neighbors while eliminating less relevant neighbors for noise reduction. In addition, for the item cold start problem, we propose KRAN-CD, a variant of KRAN, which further incorporates pre-trained KG embeddings to handle cold start items. Experiments show that KRAN and KRAN-CD consistently outperform state-of-the-art baselines across different settings.
A Novel Antagonistic CD73 Antibody for Inhibition of the Immunosuppressive Adenosine Pathway
Authors: Wurm Melanie , Schaaf Otmar , Reutner Katharina , Ganesan Rajkumar , Mostböck Sven , Pelster Christina , Böttcher Jark , de Andrade Pereira Bruna , Taubert Christina , Alt Isabella , Serna Garazi , Auguste Aurelie , Stadermann Kai B. , Delic Denis , Han Fei , Capdevila Jaume , Nuciforo Paolo G. , Kroe-Barrett Rachel , Adam Paul J. , Vogt Anne B. , Hofmann Irmgard 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Despite some impressive clinical results with immune checkpoint inhibitors, the majority of patients with cancer do not respond to these agents, in part due to immunosuppressive mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment. High levels of adenosine in tumors can suppress immune cell function, and strategies to target the pathway involved in its production have emerged. CD73 is a key enzyme involved in adenosine production. This led us to identify a novel humanized antagonistic CD73 antibody, mAb19, with distinct binding properties. mAb19 potently inhibits the enzymatic activity of CD73 in vitro, resulting in an inhibition of adenosine formation and enhanced T-cell activation. We then investigated the therapeutic potential of combining CD73 antagonism with other immune modulatory and chemotherapeutic agents. Combination of mAb19 with a PD-1 inhibitor increased T-cell activation in vitro. Interestingly, this effect could be further enhanced with an agonist of the adenosine receptor ADORA3. Adenosine levels were found to be elevated upon doxorubicin treatment in vivo, which could be blocked by CD73 inhibition. Combining CD73 antagonism with doxorubicin resulted in superior responses in vivo. Furthermore, a retrospective analysis of rectal cancer patient samples demonstrated an upregulation of the adenosine pathway upon chemoradiation, providing further rationale for combining CD73 inhibition with chemotherapeutic agents.
This study demonstrates the ability of a novel CD73 antibody to enhance T-cell function through the potent suppression of adenosine levels. In addition, the data highlight combination opportunities with standard of care therapies as well as with an ADORA3 receptor agonist to treat patients with solid tumors.
Translational Strategies for Repotrectinib in Neuroblastoma
Authors: O'Donohue Tara J. , Ibáñez Glorymar , Coutinho Diego Ferreira , Mauguen Audrey , Siddiquee Armaan , Rosales Nestor , Calder Paul , Ndengu Andoyo , You Daoqi , Long Matthew , Roberts Stephen S. , Kung Andrew L. , Dela Cruz Filemon S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLimited clinical data are available regarding the utility of multikinase inhibition in neuroblastoma. Repotrectinib (TPX-0005) is a multikinase inhibitor that targets ALK, TRK, JAK2/STAT, and Src/FAK, which have all been implicated in the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma. We evaluated the preclinical activity of repotrectinib monotherapy and in combination with chemotherapy as a potential therapeutic approach for relapsed/refractory neuroblastoma. In vitro sensitivity to repotrectinib, ensartinib, and cytotoxic chemotherapy was evaluated in neuroblastoma cell lines. In vivo antitumor effect of repotrectinib monotherapy, and in combination with chemotherapy, was evaluated using a genotypically diverse cohort of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of neuroblastoma. Repotrectinib had comparable cytotoxic activity across cell lines irrespective of ALK mutational status. Combination with chemotherapy demonstrated increased antiproliferative activity across several cell lines. Repotrectinib monotherapy had notable antitumor activity and prolonged event-free survival compared with vehicle and ensartinib in PDX models (P &lt; 0.05). Repotrectinib plus chemotherapy was superior to chemotherapy alone in ALK-mutant and ALK wild-type PDX models. These results demonstrate that repotrectinib has antitumor activity in genotypically diverse neuroblastoma models, and that combination of a multikinase inhibitor with chemotherapy may be a promising treatment paradigm for translation to the clinic.