bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detecting Liquid Remnants of Solid Tumors: Circulating Tumor DNA Minimal Residual Disease
Authors: Moding Everett J. , Nabet Barzin Y. , Alizadeh Ash A. , Diehn Maximilian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGrowing evidence demonstrates that circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) minimal residual disease (MRD) following treatment for solid tumors predicts relapse. These results suggest that ctDNA MRD could identify candidates for adjuvant therapy and measure response to such treatment. Importantly, factors such as assay type, amount of ctDNA release, and technical and biological background can affect ctDNA MRD results. Furthermore, the clinical utility of ctDNA MRD for treatment personalization remains to be fully established. Here, we review the evidence supporting the value of ctDNA MRD in solid cancers and highlight key considerations in the application of this potentially transformative biomarker.Significance:ctDNA analysis enables detection of MRD and predicts relapse after definitive treatment for solid cancers, thereby promising to revolutionize personalization of adjuvant and consolidation therapies.
Cilostazol Versus Aspirin on White Matter Changes in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kim Byeong C. , Youn Young Chul , Jeong Jee Hyang , Han Hyun Jeong , Kim Jong Hun , Lee Jae-Hong , Park Kee Hyung , Park Kyung Won , Kim Eun-Joo , Oh Mi Sun , Shim YongSoo , Lee Jong-Min , Choi Yong-Ho , Park Gilsoon , Kim Sohui , Park Hyun Young , Yoon Bora , Yoon Soo Jin , Cho Soo-Jin , Park Key Chung , Na Duk L. , Park Sun Ah , Choi Seong Hye 
Published: November 2021

Background and Purpose:
Cerebral small vessel disease is characterized by progressive cerebral white matter changes (WMCs). This study aimed to compare the effects of cilostazol and aspirin on changes in WMC volume in patients with cerebral small vessel disease.

Methods:
In a multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial, participants with moderate or severe WMCs and at least one lacunar infarction detected on brain magnetic resonance imaging were randomly assigned to the cilostazol and aspirin groups in a 1:1 ratio. Cilostazol slow release (200 mg) or aspirin (100 mg) capsules were administered once daily for 2 years. The primary outcome was the change in WMC volume on magnetic resonance images from baseline to 2 years. Secondary imaging outcomes include changes in the number of lacunes or cerebral microbleeds, fractional anisotropy, and mean diffusivity on diffusion tensor images, and brain atrophy. Secondary clinical outcomes include all ischemic strokes, all ischemic vascular events, and changes in cognition, motor function, mood, urinary symptoms, and disability.

Results:
Between July 2013 and August 2016, 256 participants were randomly assigned to the cilostazol (n=127) and aspirin (n=129) groups. Over 2 years, the percentage of WMC volume to total WM volume and the percentage of WMC volume to intracranial volume increased in both groups, but neither analysis showed significant differences between the groups. The peak height of the mean diffusivity histogram in normal-appearing WMs was significantly reduced in the aspirin group compared with the cilostazol group. Cilostazol significantly reduced the risk of ischemic vascular event compared with aspirin (0.5 versus 4.5 cases per 100 person-years; hazard ratio, 0.11 [95% CI, 0.02–0.89]).

Conclusions:
There was no significant difference between the effects of cilostazol and aspirin on WMC progression in patients with cerebral small vessel disease.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01932203.
Public service-oriented work motives across Europe: A cross-country, multi-level investigation
Authors: Homberg Fabian , Mohrenweiser Jens 
Published: November 2021

This article disentangles the country-specific institutional system at the macro level from individual-level attraction and socialization in measuring public service-oriented work motives across European countries through public–private sector comparisons. We argue that country-specific institutions shape the level of public service-oriented work motives of each country and thereby generate level differences across countries. In contrast, public–private sector differences, (i.e. gaps), in public service-oriented work motives within a country reflect aspects of individual-level attraction and socialization. We use the 2005 and 2010 waves of the European Working Conditions Survey and demonstrate that the levels and gaps are empirically distinct phenomena, contrary to current treatment in the literature. We conclude that the distinction between levels and gaps can advance understanding of the antecedents of public service-oriented work motives and support the institutional theory of public service-oriented work motives. Points for practitioners This article argues and provides evidence for the fact that levels of work motives oriented towards public service that are visible in a cross-country comparison should not be confused with the gap of such work motives inside one country. This distinction is important because in countries where gaps between the sectors are almost non-existent and levels are generally high, interventions geared towards public service-oriented work motives are less likely to be effective.
Stress in teachers of children with neuro-developmental disorders: Effect of blended rational emotive behavioral therapy
Authors: Obiweluozo Patience E , Dike Ibiwari C , Ogba Francisca N , Elom Chinyere O , Orabueze Florence O , Okoye-Ugwu Stella , Ani Casmir KC , Onu Augustine O , Ukaogo Victor , Obayi Loveline N , Abonyi Sunday E , Onu Janefrancis , Omenma Zippora O , Okoro Ifeanyichukwu D , Eze Angela , Igu Ntasiobi CN , Onuigbo Liziana N , Umeano Elsie C , Onyishi Charity N 
Published: November 2021

Background/Objectives: Neuro-developmental disorders impose a wide range of learning barriers on learners, increasing stress among their teachers. Evidence attests to the heightened stress among teachers teaching children with such conditions. This study tested the efficacy of blended Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy in reducing job stress among teachers of children with neuro-developmental disorders in Abia State, Nigeria. Method: The current study adopted a group-randomized waitlist control trial design with pretest, post-test, and follow-up assessments. Participants ( N = 83) included teachers of children with neuro-developmental disorders in inclusive and specialized schools. The blended Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy group participated in a 2 h intersession face-to-face and online Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) program weekly for 12 weeks. Data were collected using the Single Item Stress Questionnaire, Teachers’ Stress Inventory, and Participants’ Satisfaction questionnaire. The waitlisted group also received a blended Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy intervention after all data collection. Data collected at baseline; post-test as well as follow-up 1 and 2 evaluations were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, t-test statistics, repeated measures analysis of variance, and charts. Results: Results revealed that the mean perceived stress, stress symptoms, and the total teachers’ stress score of the blended Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy group at post-test and follow-up assessments reduced significantly, compared to the waitlisted group. Participants also reported a high level of satisfaction with the therapy and procedures. Conclusion: From the findings of this study, we conclude that blended Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy is efficacious in occupational stress management among teachers of children with neuro-developmental disorders.
Cruising Through School: General Equilibrium Effects of Cruise Ship Arrivals on Employment and Education
Authors: McWay Ryan 
Published: November 2021

Cruise tourism is the fastest-growing branch of the tourism sector, and many have turned to it as a development strategy despite little systematic evidence of its equilibrium effects. I match 10.6 million automatic identification system (AIS) locations from 517 cruise ships arriving in 265 port destinations to 355,463 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) women’s surveys in 23 countries to estimate cruise tourism’s relationship with women’s labor market participation and educational attainment. Using fixed effects to identify changes in tourism over time, I estimate that doubling cruise ship arrivals is associated with a 4.9-percentage point increase in labor participation and one-quarter more years of education. These results would be consistent with port cities offering more job opportunities for older women and increased opportunity and available income for education, possibly in anticipation of improved employment prospects. JEL Classifications: D50, I00, J21, O12, Z32
Masses on the stages of democracy: Democratic promises and dangers in self-dramatizations of masses
Authors: Mossin Christiane 
Published: November 2021

The political significance of masses is more obvious than ever. The aim of this article is to develop a conceptualization capable of capturing the dangerous (totalitarian) as well as promising (potentially emancipatory) aspects of masses. It argues that, intricately, the dangers and fruitful potentials of masses are born out of the same fundamental structural features. We may differentiate analytically between different kinds of masses, but all masses contain elements of ambiguity. The mass conceptualization developed builds on a critical, deconstructing interpretation of selected Bataille texts centering on ontological features of individuality and collectivity. Especially, Bataille’s concepts of ‘myth’ and ‘sacrifice’ are accentuated and critically transformed. Contemporary examples of masses – right-wing anti-establishment movements, Occupy Wall Street and Black Lives Matter – are presented and reflected through the prism of sacrifice, with the aim of highlighting the multifaceted and complex nature of the dynamics of masses.
Performance Evaluation of MSMEs During Pre- and Post-liberalisation Era
Authors: Venkataramanaiah M. , Suneetha B. 
Published: November 2021

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a pivotal role in creating employment opportunities. These are more vibrant in countries like India where population is more and labour-intensive manufacturing establishments are huge in number. In general, these firms are established in rural and economically backward regions, thereby a regional balance may be achieved through the equal distribution of wealth. MSMEs are considered complementary to heavy industries as subsidiary units and provide enormous socio-economic development to the nation. MSMEs contribute about 8 per cent of the country’s GDP, with 45 per cent of manufacturing yield and 40 per cent of exports. After the agricultural sector, MSMEs provide lion’s share of employment for the jobless. Further, they provide a diverse range of goods and services that satisfy the needs of local, national and international supply chains. Globalisation is said to be a necessary evil. The advent of the WTO brings a variety of challenges to developing nations as these are frail in bargaining capacity against their counterparts. As a result, developing nations like India are subjected to all those adverse effects of globalisation, and the MSMEs sector is not exceptional. The existing literature in the subject indicates that there is a considerable fall in the growth rate of the number of units, output, exports and employment generation after post-globalisation, and this trend is the matter of serious concern for the policymakers and decision-makers. In this junction, the present article is intended to investigate the impact of globalisation on the performance of MSMEs. The study is divided into three sections. The first section devotes to introduce the study area of the present article, review of the literature and objectives and methodology of the research. The growth and trend of MSMEs in India during the pre- and post-globalisation eras are discussed in the second section. The summary and conclusion of the study is given in the last section.
The Pasifika Veilomani Project: a pilot online training programme for healthcare workers in managing gender-based violence and family violence and sharing experiences
Authors: Chang Odille , Ryan Brigid , Rokoduru Avelina , Hill Amanda , Hataogo Senimelia , Naidu Varsha 
Published: November 2021

Objective: Pacific Island Countries (PICs) record high rates of gender-based violence (GBV). COVID-19 has significantly increased the number of GBV cases globally. This research aims to understand educational pathways for PICs’ healthcare workers (HCWs) to strengthen GBV clinical practices in the Pasifika Veilomani (sharing the love) project. Method: A literature review, content experts’ discussion and review of stakeholder governance documents were used to inform the design of the telehealth training. HCWs were invited to share experiences, further exploring the capacity of online learning to meet clinical practice needs. Results: Global health guidance was adapted by Pacific experts to deliver a 12-week multidisciplinary course. One hundred and thirty-six participants from nine PICs registered and participated in the telehealth sessions. Despite internet and technical difficulties, participants’ responses were positive. Results indicated the online training improved their confidence, helped them to reflect on practice and that more training would be valued. Conclusions: The Pasifika Veilomani Project engaged HCW and clinical leaders to inform current practices, education, and public health approaches on GBV as a public health priority. This project demonstrates the potential for engaging and supporting HCW remotely across challenging geographic, service and cultural domains in the context of COVID-19 social and service demands.
Clinical practice guidelines, psychotherapy and implications for psychiatry
Authors: Anaf Gil , Hill Melinda , Prager Shirley , Elton Viv , Morris Philip 
Published: November 2021

Objective: The 2020 RANZCP clinical practice guidelines (CPG) for mood disorders, published in January 2021, raise important questions for practice and teaching. The objective of this review is to critically appraise the content of the CPG to examine if it reflects contemporary practice-based evidence. Conclusion: Our review identifies factual error and notes international criticism. Retraction and amendment of the CPG is needed, particularly in the current political climate.
Non-Standard Management of Target Vessels With the Inner Branch Arch Endograft: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Torrealba Jose I. , Spanos Konstantinos , Panuccio Giuseppe , Rohlffs Fiona , Gandet Thomas , Heidemann Franziska , Tsilimparis Nikolaos , Kölbel Tilo 
Published: November 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate early and mid-term results of non-standard management of the supraaortic target vessels with the use of the inner branch arch endograft in a single high-volume center. Material and methods: A single-center retrospective study including all patients undergoing implantation of an inner branch arch endograft from December 2012 to March 2021, who presented a non-standard management of the supraaortic target vessels (any bypass other than a left carotid-subclavian or landing in a dissected target vessel). Technical success, mortality, reinterventions, endoleak (EL), and aortic remodeling at follow-up were analyzed. Results: Twenty-four patients were included. In 17 (71%) cases, the non-standard management was related to innominate artery (IA) compromise (12 with IA dissection, 2 with short IA, 2 with short proximal aortic landing zone that required occlusion of IA, 1 with occluded IA after open arch repair). Two (8%) cases were related to an aberrant right subclavian artery (RSA), 1 patient (4%) due to the concomitant presence of a left vertebral artery (LVA) arising from the arch and an occluded left subclavian artery (LSA), and another patient presented with an occluded LSA distal to a dominant vertebral artery. Three (13%) cases were exclusively related to management in patients with genetic aortic syndromes. Twenty (83%) patients had a previous type A aortic dissection. Ten (42%) patients presented a thoracic or thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm and 8 (33%) patients an arch aneurysm, 6 of them associated to false lumen (FL) perfusion. There were 2 (8%) perioperative minor strokes, and 1 patient with perioperative mortality. Seven patients presented an early type I endoleak, all resolved at follow-up. Seven patients required reinterventions during follow-up (7 reinterventions related to continuous false lumen perfusion, 3 related to Type Ia endoleak, 2 related to surgical bypass). All patients who presented with FL perfusion had complete FL thrombosis at follow-up. No patient presented aneurysm growth at follow-up. Conclusions: The use of the inner branch arch endograft with a non-standard management of the supraaortic target vessels is a possible option. Despite a high reintervention rate, regression or stability of the aneurysmal diameter was achieved in all the patients with follow-up.
The feasibility and validity of using a real time location system (RTLS) to measure bedside contact time
Authors: Cannaby Ann-Marie , Carter Vanda , Hoe Thomas , Strobel Stephenson , Tafti Elena Ashtari , Baker Rephna , Nash Clare , Whatley Vanessa , Gray Richard 
Published: November 2021

Background The association between the nurse-to-patient ratio and patient outcomes has been extensively investigated. Real time location systems have the potential capability of measuring the actual amount of bedside contact patients receive. Aims This study aimed to determine the feasibility and accuracy of real time location systems as a measure of the amount of contact time that nurses spent in the patients’ bed space. Methods An exploratory, observational, feasibility study was designed to compare the accuracy of data collection between manual observation performed by a researcher and real time location systems data capture capability. Four nurses participated in the study, which took place in 2019 on two hospital wards. They were observed by a researcher while carrying out their work activities for a total of 230 minutes. The amount of time the nurses spent in the patients’ bed space was recorded in 10-minute blocks of time and the real time location systems data were extracted for the same nurse at the time of observation. Data were then analysed for the level of agreement between the observed and the real time location systems measured data, descriptively and graphically using a kernel density and a scatter plot. Results The difference (in minutes) between researcher observed and real time location systems measured data for the 23, 10-minute observation blocks ranged from zero (complete agreement) to 5 minutes. The mean difference between the researcher observed and real time location systems time in the patients’ bed space was one minute (10% of the time). On average, real time location systems measured time in the bed space was longer than the researcher observed time. Conclusions There were good levels of agreement between researcher observation and real time location systems data of the time nurses spend at the bedside. This study confirms that it is feasible to use real time location systems as an accurate measure of the amount of time nurses spend at the patients’ bedside.
Fatigue Characterization on a Cast Aluminum Beam of a High-Speed Train Through Numerical Simulation and Experiments
Authors: Dou Weiyuan , Zhang Lele , Chang Haifeng , Zhang Haifeng , Liu Changqing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe cast aluminum beam is a key structure for carrying the body-hung traction motor of a high-speed train; its fatigue property is fundamental for predicting the residual life and service mileage of the structure. To characterize the structural fatigue property, a finite element-based method is developed to compute the stress concentration factor, which is used to obtain the structural fatigue strength reduction factors. A full-scale fatigue test on the cast aluminum beam is designed and implemented for up to ten million cycles, and the corresponding finite element model of the beam is validated using the measured data of the gauges. The results show that the maximum stress concentration occurs at the fillet of the supporting seat, where the structural fatigue strength reduction factor is 2.45 and the calculated fatigue limit is 35.4 MPa. Moreover, no surface cracks are detected using the liquid penetrant test. Both the experimental and simulation results indicate that the cast aluminum beam can satisfy the service life requirements under the designed loading conditions.
Comparative fungal diversity and dynamics in plant compartments at different developmental stages under root-zone restricted grapevines
Authors: Zahid Muhammad Salman , Li Dongmei , Javed Hafiz Umer , Sabir Irfan Ali , Wang Lei , Jiu Songtao , Song Shiren , Ma Chao , Wang Dapeng , Zhang Caixi , Zhou Xuhui , Xu Wenping , Wang Shiping 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The root-zone restriction cultivation technique is used to achieve superior fruit quality at the cost of limited vegetative and enhanced reproductive development of grapevines. Fungal interactions and diversity in grapevines are well established; however, our knowledge about fungal diversity under the root-zone restriction technique is still unexplored. To provide insights into the role of mycobiota in the regulation of growth and fruit quality of grapevine under root-zone restriction, DNA from rhizosphere and plant compartments, including white roots (new roots), leaves, flowers, and berries of root-zone restricted (treatment) and conventionally grown plants (control), was extracted at three growth stages (full bloom, veraison, and maturity).

Results
Diversity analysis based on the ITS1 region was performed using QIIME2. We observed that the root-zone restriction technique primarily affected the fungal communities of the soil and plant compartments at different growth stages. Interestingly, Fusarium, Ilyonectria, Cladosporium and Aspergillus spp observed in the rhizosphere overlapped with the phyllosphere at all phenological stages, having distinctive abundance in grapevine habitats. Peak richness and diversity were observed in the rhizosphere at the full bloom stage of control plants, white roots at the veraison stage of treatment, leaves at the maturity stage of treatment, flowers at the full bloom stage and berries at the veraison stage of control plants. Except for white roots, the diversity of soil and plant compartments of treated plants tended to increase until maturity. At the maturity stage of the treated and control plants, the abundance of Aspergillus spp. was 25.99 and 29.48%, respectively. Moreover, the total soluble sugar content of berries was 19.03 obrix and 16 obrix in treated and control plants, respectively, at the maturity stage.

Conclusions
This is the first elucidative study targeting the fungal diversity of conventional and root-restricted cultivation techniques in a single vineyard. Species richness and diversity are affected by stressful cultivation known as root zone restriction. There is an association between the abundance of Aspergillus spp. and fruit quality because despite causing stress to the grapevine, superior quality of fruit is retrieved in root-zone restricted plants.