bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth Genes Are Implicated in The Evolutionary Divergence of Sympatric Piscivorous and Insectivorous Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss)
Authors: Grummer Jared A. , Whitlock Michael , Schulte Patricia , Taylor Eric 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Identifying ecologically significant phenotypic traits and the genomic mechanisms that underly them are crucial steps in understanding the traits associated with population divergence. We used genome-wide data to identify genomic regions associated with a key trait that distinguishes two ecotypes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) – insectivores and piscivores – that coexist in Kootenay Lake, southeastern British Columbia, for the non-breeding portion of the year. “Gerrards” are large-bodied (breeding maturity at >60cm) piscivores that spawn ~50km north of Kootenay Lake in the Lardeau River, in contrast to the insectivorous populations that are on average smaller in body size, mainly forage on aquatic insects, and spawn in tributaries immediately surrounding Kootenay Lake. We used pool-seq data covering ~60% of the genome to assess the level of genomic divergence between ecotypes, test for genotype-phenotype associations, and identify loci that may play functional or selective roles in their divergence. Results: Analysis of nearly seven million SNPs provided a genome-wide mean FST estimate of 0.18, indicating a high level of reproductive isolation between populations. The window-based FST analysis did not reveal “islands” of genomic differentiation; however, the window with highest FST estimate did include a gene associated with insulin secretion. Although we explored the use of the “Local score” approach to identify genomic outlier regions, this method was ultimately not used because simulations revealed a high false discovery rate (~20%). Gene Ontology (GO) analysis identified several growth processes as enriched in genes occurring in the ~200 most divergent genomic windows, indicating the importance of genetically-based growth and growth-related metabolic functions in the divergence of these ecotypes. Conclusions: In spite of their sympatric coexistence, a high degree of genomic differentiation separates the populations of piscivores and insectivores, indicating little to no contemporary genetic exchange between ecotypes. Our results further indicate that the large body piscivorous phenotype is likely not due to one or a few loci of large effect, rather it may be controlled by several loci of small effect, thus highlighting the power of whole-genome low-coverage sequencing in phenotypic association studies.
Efficacy of Ultrasonography and Tc-99m MIBI SPECT/CT in Preoperative Localization of Parathyroid Adenomas Causing Primary Hyperthyroidism
Authors: Lu Ruigang , Zhao Wei , Yin Li , Guo Ruijun , Wei Bojun , Jin Mulan , Zhou Xiang , Zhang Chun , Lv Xiuzhang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) results from an excess of parathyroid hormone (PTH) produced from an overactive parathyroid gland. The study aimed to explore the sonographic features of parathyroid adenomas and assess the diagnostic performance of ultrasonography (US) and Tc-99m MIBI SPECT/CT for preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas. Methods: A total of 107 patients were enrolled in this retrospective study who had PHPT and underwent parathyroidectomy. Of the 107 patients, 97 performed US and Tc-99m MIBI SPECT/CT examinations for preoperative localization of parathyroid nodules. The sensitivity and accuracy of each modality were calculated. Results: In this study, residual parathyroid sign and polar vascular sign were identified as characteristic US features of parathyroid adenomas and these manifestations are closely related to the size of the abnormal parathyroid lesions. Using 108 parathyroid nodules from 97 patients with PHPT, the sensitivity and accuracy of US in locating parathyroid nodules were significantly higher than those of Tc-99m MIBI SPECT/CT (93.0% vs. 63.0% and 88.0% vs. 63.0%), and the difference was statistically significant (c²=26.224, 18.227, P<0.001). The difference between US combined with Tc-99m MIBI SPECT/CT and Tc-99m MIBI SPECT/CT-alone was statistically significant (c²=33.410, 21.587, P<0.001), yet there was no significant difference compared with US alone (c²=0.866, 0.187, P=0.352 and 0.665). Conclusions: US shows significantly better sensitivity and accuracy for localization of parathyroid adenomas than Tc-99m MIBI SPECT/CT. However, US combined with Tc-99m MIBI SPECT/CT is of great clinical value in the preoperative localization of parathyroid nodules in patients with PHPT.
The Protective Effects of Probiotic Bacteria on Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats
Authors: Gelen Volkan , Sengül Emin , Gedikli Semin , Gelen Sevda , Atila Gözde , Makav Mustafa , Uslu Hamit , Aydın Keziban 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Indomethacin is an anti-inflammatory drug that causes ulcers on the gastric mucosa as a result of its use. For this reason, many experimental studies have been performed to search for new agents in order to treat or prevent gastric ulcers. Probiotic bacteria are live microorganisms, and it has been stated by various studies that these bacteria have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigated the possible protective effect of various types of probiotic bacteria against acute gastric mucosal damage caused by indomethacin. Our research used 40 female Wistar albino rats that were divided into four groups, with 10 in each group: Control group - Physiological saline was administered daily for 10 days. Indo group - Physiological saline was administered daily for 10 days. On day 11, a single 100mg/kg dose of indomethacin was given. Ranitidine + Indo group - A ranitidine dose of 5mg/kg was administered daily for 5 days. On day 11, a single dose of 100mg/kg of indomethacin was given to the same group. Probiotic + Indo group - A dose of 1 ml/kg of oral probiotic bacteria was administered daily for 10 days. On day 11, a single 100mg/kg dose of indomethacin was given to the same group. After application, rats were killed in appropriate conditions, and stomach tissues were obtained. The obtained gastric tissues were used in the biochemical and histopathological analyzes discussed below. As a result, the administration of indomethacin caused gastric damage, stimulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. However, we found that the use of probiotic bacteria reduces oxidative stress (TOC), increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes (TAC), suppresses inflammation (IL-6, IL-1β, Tnf-α, and COX-2) and inhibits apoptosis (Bax and Bcl-2). This suggests that probiotic bacteria inhibit indomethacin-induced apoptosis. Probiotic treatment can mitigate gastric damage and apoptosis caused by indomethacin-induced gastric damage in rats. Probiotic also enhances the restoration of biochemical oxidative enzymes as it has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiapaptotic properties.
Untargeted Metabolomic Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction in Rabbits Induced by a High Fat Diet
Authors: Fan Huimei , Li YanHong , Wang Jie , Shao Jiahao , Tang Tao , Lai Tianfu , Gan Mingchuan , Ma Yuan , Jia Xianbo , Lai Songjia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome caused by a high fat diet (HFD) have become public health problems around the world. These diseases are characterized by disrupted mitochondrial oxidation and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, but the mechanism is not clear. Therefore, this study aims to reveal how a high-fat diet induces skeletal muscle metabolism disorder.Methods：Sixteen weaned rabbits were randomly divided into two groups, one fed with a standard normal diet (SND) and another one fed a HFD for five weeks. Skeletal muscle tissue samples were extracted from each rabbit at the end of the 5-week trial. An untargeted metabolomics profiling was performed using ultraperformance liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS).Results: The HFD significantly altered the expression levels of phospholipids, LCACs, histidine, carnosine and tetrahydrocorticosterone in skeletal muscle. Principal component analysis (PCA) and least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) indicated that rabbit skeletal muscle metabolism in the HFD group was significantly up-regulated compared with that of the SND group. Among the 43 skeletal muscle metabolites in the HFD group, phospholipids, LCACs, histidine, carnosine and tetrahydrocorticosterone were identified as biomarkers for skeletal muscle metabolic diseases, and may also serve as potential physiological targets for related diseases in the future.Conclusion: The untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed that a HFD altered the rabbit skeletal muscle metabolism of phospholipids, carnitine, amino acids, and steroids. Notably, phospholipids, LCACs, histidine, carnosine and tetrahydrocorticosterone blocked the oxidative ability of mitochondria, and disturbed the oxidative ability of glucose and the fatty acid-glucose cycle in rabbit skeletal muscle.
Staphylococci and Fecal Bacteria as Bioaerosol Components in Animal Housing Facilities in the Zoological Garden in Chorzów
Authors: Grzyb Jacek , Pawlak Krzysztof 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Zoos are places open for a large number of visitors, adults and children, who can admire exotic as well as indigenous animal species. The premises for animals may contains pathogenic microbes, including those exhibiting antibiotic resistance. It poses a serious threat to people remaining within the zoo premises, both for animal keepers who meet animals on a daily basis and visitors who infrequently have contact with animals. Unfortunately, there are almost no studies concerning on the presense, on the concentration of airborne bacteria, especially staphylococci and faecal bacteria in animal shelters in the zoo. No data about antibiotic resistance of staphylococci in these places. The results will enable to determine the scale of the threat that indicator bacteria from the bioaerosol pose to human health within zoo premises. This study conducted in rooms for 5 animals group (giraffes, camels, elephants, kangaroos and colobinae) in the Silesian Zoological Garden in Chorzów (Poland). The bioaerosol samples were collected using a six-stage Andersen cascade impactor to assess the concentrations and size distribution of airborne bacteria. Staphylococci were isolated from bioaerosol and tested for antibiotic resistance. In our study the highest concentration of staphylococci and fecal bacteria was recorded in rooms for camels and elephants, the lowest in rooms for colobinae. At least 2/3 of bacteria in bioaerosol constituted respirable fraction, that migrates into the lower respiratory tract of the animals and the people. In investigated animal rooms the greatest bacteria contribution was recorded for bioaerosol fraction sized 1.1–3.3µm. Bacterial intoxication was particularly strong in spring and autumn, what is related to shedding fur by animals. Among the isolated staphylococci most often occurred Staphylococcus succinus, S. sciuri and S. vitulinus. The highest antibiotic resistance was noted in the case of Staphylococcus epidermidis, while the lowest for S. xylosus. As the animals constitute a significant source of staphylococci and fecal bacteria, attention should be paid to thorough cleaning of their shelters.
Point-of-Care 3D Printing: a Low-Cost Approach to Teaching Carotid Artery Stenting
Authors: De Backer Pieter , Allaeys Charlotte , Debbaut Charlotte , Beelen Roel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Carotid Artery Stenting (CAS) is increasingly being used in selected patients as a minimal invasive approach to carotid endarterectomy. Despite the abundance of performed endovascular treatments, the concept of stent-placement is still unclear to many patients. Furthermore, visual feedback on stent-deployment is difficult to obtain as it is always performed under radiographic feedback. Three-Dimensional (3D) printing might tackle both challenges. A particular use case of Point-of-Care 3D Printing is the pretreatment printing of vascular anatomy in support of endovascular procedures. Purpose This study reports the first use of a low-cost patient-specific 3D printed model for CAS education to both experienced surgeons and patients. Methodology An angio computed tomography (CT) scan was segmented and converted to STL format using Mimics inPrint™ software. The carotid arteries were bilaterally truncated to fit the whole model on a Formlabs 2 printer without omitting the internal vessel diameter. Next, this model was offset using a 1 mm margin. A ridge was modelled on the original vessel anatomy which was subsequently subtracted from the offset model in order to obtain a deroofed 3D model. All vessels were truncated as to facilitate flow on the inside. Results Date-expired carotid artery stents were successfully deployed inside the vessel. The deroofing allows for clear visualization of the bottlenecks and characteristics of CAS deployment and positioning, including foreshortening and tapering of the stent. This low-cost 3D model provides insights in stent deployment and positioning, and allows for patient-specific procedure planning. Conclusion Printing patient-specific 3D models preoperatively could assist in accurate patient selection, a better preoperative planning and case-specific training. Furthermore, this 3D model also allows for better patient education and informed consent. However, more research is warranted to evaluate the added value of these models.
Evaluation of the Feasibility and Sustainability of the Joint Human and Animal Vaccination and Its Integration to the Public Health System in the Danamadji Health District, Chad
Authors: Abakar Mahamat Fayiz , Seli Djimet , Lechthaler Filippo , Crump Lisa , Mancus Arielle , Tran Nhan , Zinsstag Jakob , Muñoz Daniel Cobos 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundOne Health approaches such as the Joint human and animal vaccination programmes (JHAVP) are shown to be feasible and to increase health care access to hard-to-reach communities such as mobile pastoralists. However, the financial sustainability and the integration into the public health systems at the district level of such programmes are still challenging. The main objective of the present study was to give insight to the feasibility and financial sustainability of JHAVP integrated as part of the public health system in Chad.MethodsWe conducted a mixed methods study using semi-structured key informant interviews, focus group discussions and budget impact analysis. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats were analysed regarding the feasibility and sustainability of the implementation of JHAVP in Danamadji health district in Chad. Feasibility was further analysed using three dimensions: acceptability, implementation, and adaptation. Financial sustainability of JHAVP was analysed through budget impact analysis of implementation of the programme at district level.ResultsThe acceptability of this approach was regularly assessed by immunization campaign teams through evaluation meetings which included pastoralists. The presence of authorities in the meetings and workshops of the programme had an incentive effect since they represent a mark of consideration these populations generally declared to be lacking. The coordination between the public health and veterinary services at central and decentralized level seemed to be a key element in the success of the implementation of the programme. Regarding financial sustainability, the total incremental budget impact was 27% slightly decreasing to 26% after five years, which accounts for up to one third of the total budget of the district health office. Also, given that most of the costs for each round are recurrent costs, efficiency gains from scale effects over time are limited.Conclusion﻿Based on these findings, we conclude that for JHAVP to be routinely delivered at the district health level, a considerable increase in financial resources would be required. The district could benefit from joint immunization to maintain contact with mobile pastoralists to promote the use of available immunization services at district level.
Impact of Helicobacter Pylori Infection on Duodenal Microbial Community Structure and Microbial Metabolic Pathways
Authors: Maeda Tadashi , Zai Hiroaki , Fukui Yuto , Kato Yoshifumi , Kumade Eri , Watanabe Toshiyasu , Furusyo Norihiro , Nakajima Hitoshi , Arai Kazuho , Ishii Yoshikazu , tateda kazuhiro , Urita Yoshihisa 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundRecent reports suggest that Helicobacter pylori infection may be related to the onset of certain diseases. However, the H. pylori-related factors that play a role in the etiology of these diseases have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of H. pylori infection on the structure of commensal duodenal microbiota and their biofunctions.MethodsForty-seven (20 male, 27 female) subjects who underwent gastric cancer screening were enrolled. Duodenal fluid samples were aspirated from the descending duodenum and analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.ResultsThirteen subjects were positive for H. pylori, while thirty-four were negative. We observed 1404 bacterial operational taxonomic units from 23 phyla and 253 genera. In the H. pylori-positive group, we observed higher abundances of Proteobacteria and lower abundances of Actinobacteria and TM7 than that in the H. pylori-negative group. The abundances of 10 genera differed significantly between the H. pylori-positive and -negative groups. Microbiota features in the H. pylori-positive group was significantly influenced by 12 taxa primarily belonging to Gammaproteobacteria. Microbial functional annotation collated using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Orthology database showed that 12 microbial metabolic pathways (Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, Tryptophan metabolism, N-glycan biosynthesis, Ether lipid metabolism, Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) biosynthesis, Linoleic acid metabolism, alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism, Biotin metabolism, Carotenoid biosynthesis, Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, Biosynthesis of siderophore group nonribosomal peptides, Biosynthesis of terpenoids and steroids) were significantly affected by H. pylori infection.ConclusionsH. pylori infection disrupted the normal bacterial communities in the duodenum and changed the biofunctions of the commensal microbiota, primarily by upregulating specific metabolic pathways. This alteration may be related to the onset mechanisms of the diseases suspected of being related to H. pylori infection.
Sexual Fantasies Across Gender and Sexual Orientation in a Large Sample of Italian Young Adults: A Multiple Correspondence Analysis
Authors: NESE MATTIA , Riboli Greta , Brighetti Gianni , Visciano Raffaele , Giunti Daniel , Borlimi Rosita 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Differences in the content of sexual fantasies across gender have been widely documented, while less attention was given to the role of sexual orientation. Furthermore, previous studies focused on statistical differences in the prevalence of broad themes, neglecting the role of single fantasies. The current study aimed to increase the knowledge about sexual fantasies in heterosexual, homosexual, and bisexual men and women. A descriptive approach that allows representing the patterns of fantasies reported by different groups using Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) is presented. A sample of 3,136 of young adults, 1,754 women (Mage = 22.50, SD = 1.72, range 18-25) and 1,382 men (Mage = 22.50, SD = 1.70, range 18-25), completed an online questionnaire assessing the presence of 29 different sexual fantasies. The prevalence of each fantasy among each group is shown. Also, relationships between fantasies and the distribution of groups along the two principal dimensions highlighted by MCA are represented. Heterosexuals women reported fewer fantasies and showed opposite patterns of response compared to heterosexual men. There was a substantial overlapping in the fantasies reported by gay and bisexual men, while responses of lesbian and bisexual women were relatively more differentiated. These results indicate that sexual orientation has a different impact on the sexual fantasies of men and women.
CT-guided Interstitial Brachytherapy Followed by External Bean Radiotherapy for a Patient With Relapsed Extremity Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Liu Zhongshan , Zhao Yangzhi , Li Yunfeng , Lin Xia , Wang Dongzhou , Tian Tian , Wang Tiejun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Locally recurrent extremity soft tissue sarcoma remains a therapeutic challenge; conservative surgery alone results in an inferior local control rate. This study demonstrates a new interstitial (IS) brachytherapy (BT) technique in a patient with recurrent extremity soft tissue sarcoma. Patients and methods: A 53-year-old man with recurrent left thigh malignant fibrous histiocytoma underwent conservative surgery and adjuvant intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) after two surgical excisions. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lower extremity after the conservative surgery and IMRT revealed a left thigh mass measuring 12 cm × 8 cm × 7 cm. An IS BT with 3 fractions of 8 Gy each and guided with three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) was administered. For this procedure, IS metal needles were inserted at a depth of 1 cm into the tumor as a preliminary implantation, and their direction and depth were adjusted repeatedly until a satisfactory distribution was achieved through multiple CT scans. Results: The course of the IS BT procedure was uneventful. No severe bleeding, infection, or other complications were observed. At 3, 12, and 24 months after the IS BT, lower extremity MRI scans showed a left thigh mass measuring 10 cm × 5 cm × 4, 8 cm × 3 cm × 2 cm, and 6 cm × 2 cm × 2 cm, respectively. Minimal fibrosis, local numbness, and edema in the treatment area were noted. The patient had an excellent quality of life. Conclusion: Favorable oncologic outcomes for locally recurrent extremity soft tissue sarcoma were achieved using 3D CT-guided IS BT. This BT technique may contribute to an excellent local control rate and offer an effective and safe therapeutic option in selected cases.
Investigation of Three Drugs With Neuroregenerative Effects on Inferior Alveolar Nerve Injury in Rats
Authors: Günay Ayşem Yurtseven , Ünverengil Gökçen , Ak Gülsüm 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
PurposeNerve injuries formed during oral and maxillofacial surgical operations occur usually by crush or tension-type damages rather than incisions or ruptures. Such nerve injuries can be treated by providing regeneration with pharmacological agents without surgical intervention. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the effects of dexamethasone, B vitamin complex, and nerve growth factor on peripheral nerve regeneration with a local application on the inferior alveolar nerve. Methods Twenty-four Wistar Albino rats weighing 220-250 grams were used in the study. Experimental animals were divided into 4 groups. According to the groups, animals were treated with saline, dexamethasone, vitamin B complex and nerve growth factor. All animals were sacrificed on the 21st day and inferior alveolar nerves were resected for microscopic examination. Results The integrity and irregularities of myelin sheaths and vacuole formation were evaluated under a light microscope. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 17.0. When histopathological findings were evaluated, it was observed that dexamethasone and vitamin B application triggered regeneration. However, regeneration in the group treated with nerve growth factor was much more obvious. Conclusions Local drug applications are beneficial for regeneration in inferior alveolar nerve injury. Considering their success, studies are needed to place growth factors in clinical practice.