bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cultural Intelligence
Authors: Ang Soon 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The concept of cultural intelligence marks a paradigm shift from a focus on cross-cultural comparison to intercultural capabilities. Cultural intelligence influences research in as many as twenty-three academic disciplines and shapes policies and practices in the private, public, education, and nonprofit sectors. The phrase “two bowls singing” symbolizes in this chapter the resonance of cultural intelligence with two audiences: scientists and practitioners. Scientists primarily address the “what” and “why” questions, while practitioners focus more on the “how.” Striking each bowl therefore requires distinct approaches. Importantly, the “resonance” of each bowl amplifies that of the other bowl, signifying evidence-based practice and practice-based evidence. For the two bowls to sing, they need to rest on a solid wooden base. The base symbolizes institution and community building to broaden the impact on science and practice. The chapter concludes with the author’s future aspirations for cultural intelligence.
From One Empirical Study to 150
Authors: Greve Henrich R. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Performance feedback research examines how performance relative to the aspiration level on one or more organizational goals influences organizational search and change. It views the organization as solving problems presented by performance shortfalls, consistent with bounded rationality. This chapter examines the start of my research on performance feedback, the growth of this research stream, and how I and other participants in this research stream have sought to stimulate its growth and direct it toward interesting new research questions. In a series of notes on the steps this research stream has taken to advance our knowledge, I outline more general ideas on how research streams can become influential through recruitment of participants and setting of research agendas.
Fostering Enterprise
Authors: Agarwal Rajshree 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter uses an evolutionary lens to depict a journey that is also a destination for a lifelong learner passionate about upward mobility in intellectual, psychological, and economic realms. A mainstay of the research endeavors has been the study of innovation and enterprise. Starting as an economist studying the evolution of technologies and industries, the scholarly journey progressed to strategic management to examine firm and industry evolution and then to strategic entrepreneurship to examine individual, firm, and industry evolution. Currently, the research focuses on the interplay of enterprise and markets through an integration of economics, psychology, and sociology perspectives to understand the causes and consequences of enterprising individuals, organizations, and economies.
Selection and Empowerment
Authors: Müller Ralf , Drouin Nathalie , Sankaran Shankar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter addresses the selection and empowerment event in balanced leadership; that is, when a team member or a subteam is selected and subsequently authorized to temporarily lead the project. The chapter introduces selection and empowerment concepts, first from a general management and then from a project management literature perspective. Then the chapter drills down to the selection and empowerment practices found in projects. The assessment of these practices leads to five dimensions that make up the empowerment event, which manifests itself in four different empowerment types. Each type is described in terms of the profile of its empowerment dimensions. Together, the empowerment types form a career development framework for future leaders.
Empowered Leadership and Its Governance
Authors: Müller Ralf , Drouin Nathalie , Sankaran Shankar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter addresses empowered leadership and its governance. The chapter starts by looking at empowered leadership and its impact on organizational performance and then discusses the factors that positively and negatively influence the role identity of empowered leaders. Subsequently, the authors turn the perspective toward governance and governmentality, and how these concepts differ from leadership and management. After a short introduction to governance types, the authors discuss how governance and governmentality apply to the governance of projects and empowered leaders. The chapter finishes with an empirically derived model for the governance of empowered leaders which outlines how the project manager’s perception about the empowered leader’s professionality, situational “fit,” and benevolence influence the decision to either govern predominantly through trust or through control.
Coordination through the Socio-Cognitive Space
Authors: Müller Ralf , Drouin Nathalie , Sankaran Shankar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter addresses the coordination between the project manager and project team members during balanced leadership. This coordination takes place through a socio-cognitive space (SCS), consisting of the joint understanding between the project manager and project team about (a) the shared mental model for project execution (i.e., skill needs, ways to collaborate, and the understanding of the context of the project); (b) the currently empowered leader; and (c) the level of efficacy of the empowered leader. Then the content of the three SCS dimensions in projects with different project management methodologies is reviewed. These differences uncover the ontological differences underlying balanced leadership in different types of projects. The chapter finishes with a quantitative assessment of horizontal leadership’s relative impact on project success and its mediation by the SCS, showing the relative importance of the three concepts for project performance.
Measuring Broadband and Its Impacts
Authors: Horrigan John B. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
One of the core methods used in many evaluation studies is survey research. This chapter discusses the challenges of measuring behavioral change and the impacts of broadband use through surveys and addresses how evaluators can get the most from repeated surveys (pre- and post-studies and panel studies). This chapter draws on lessons from a national panel study of participants that included nearly two thousand Internet Essentials users and was uniquely positioned to examine the experience of individuals and families who moved from being non-adopters to broadband adopters, assessing their adoption and engagement pathways. Such research provides policy-relevant evidence and recommendations for practice. The chapter also discusses how evaluators can work with diverse stakeholders (policymakers, local officials, funders, and others) to encourage evaluation and to assist them in using research findings. What is it that such stakeholders expect or want to know about technology and its impacts on individuals and society?
Broadband for Telemedicine and Health Services
Authors: Strover Sharon 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Given the prominence of rural communities in early 21st-century broadband initiatives, especially in telemedicine, this chapter considers issues for program evaluation in both the geographic and health policy contexts. Rural broadband and health needs are important challenges for public policy, as less populated regions lag in both infrastructure and health services. Some Federal Communications Commission projects have linked broadband capabilities and health services infrastructure. Electronic health records also are relevant to a discussion of the role of broadband networks. This chapter briefly reviews the language and intent of broadband-related health services regulations and federal agency programs and then presents detail on rural broadband availability and adoption. Finally, measurement and evaluation issues in this field are addressed, including the need to understand constraints in the rural context, meaningful use for target populations, issues for privacy and security, and the need for randomized trials rather than the anecdotal evidence that currently dominates in this area.
Digital Media’s Impact on Civic Engagement
Authors: Xenos Michael A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Like those before them, contemporary youth are in the process of forming habits and orientations toward civic life that can establish patterns of political engagement that follow them through their lifetimes. Unlike earlier generations, however, early 21st-century “born digital” youth face a dramatically different communications environment than that experienced by their parents and grandparents. This chapter charts a path toward effective evaluation research for broadband within the specific domain of political and civic engagement among young people. After introducing core dimensions and constructs relevant to such a research program, it reviews key theoretical models as well as particularly fruitful strands of scholarship that can make important contributions to a program of broadband evaluation research focused on youth engagement. The chapter concludes with a discussion of challenges and opportunities for future research, both in terms of key substantive questions and particularly useful methodological approaches.
The Savvy Academic
Authors: Schwartz Seth J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This book covers the process of writing for publication from start to finish—from selecting a topic and reviewing literature to working with coauthors, writing theoretical and review articles, and responding to editor and reviewer comments when revising manuscripts. Dr. Schwartz uses examples from his own scholarly publishing career and provides concrete advice for both early-career and more experienced writers. The book also covers important topics such as planning studies, managing and supervising data collection, retaining participants in longitudinal studies, data analytic ethics and conflicts of interest, and dealing with writer’s block. Dr. Schwartz provides guidance for writing journal articles, books, and book chapters, as well as for dealing with manuscripts that have been repeatedly rejected. He offers guidance for writing first drafts, editing drafts, incorporating coauthor feedback, and working with difficult or resistant coauthors. This book is a “how-to” in terms of writing for publication.
Economic Sanctions in Criminal Justice
Authors: Ruback R. Barry 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Economic sanctions are court-imposed financial obligations aimed at punishing offenders (fines), funding the government (costs/fees, forfeitures), and compensating victims (restitution). This book examines economic sanctions in the United States, with a focus on the multilevel, multimethod research my students and I conducted in Pennsylvania. The 15 studies described in the book are multiplistic in terms of academic discipline (social psychology, criminology, law), levels of analysis (individual, county, state), actors within the system (victims, offenders, probation officers, district attorneys, judges), type of process involved (imposition, payment, rearrest), and research methods (analyses of state-level computerized archives, coding of county-level paper court and probation records, surveys of individuals, a field-experiment, and follow-up involving probationers). Most of the studies examined the imposition, payment, and effect of paying restitution. Research across methods indicated that offenders are often unable to pay their court-ordered sanctions, that restitution is generally not paid in full, and that both offenders and victims are responsive to procedural justice. Experimental results indicated that randomly assigned probationers delinquent in making payments who received letters informing them of the restitution amounts they owed were more likely to pay restitution and less likely to commit a new crime as compared to randomly assigned delinquent probationers who did not receive letters or who received letters giving them a rationale for payment. Three policy recommendations are made concerning what is fair and effective for victims, offenders, and society: (1) mandating restitution, (2) making fines contingent on ability to pay, and (3) ending the imposition of costs and fees.
Epilogue
Authors: Apolloni Alexandra M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The epilogue ties the arguments about vocal expressivity and agency advanced in the previous chapters to questions about accountability, gender, and power raised by recent reports of sexual violence in the music industry. In 2012, Operation Yewtree revealed that high profile celebrities had used their power in the entertainment industry to abuse young people beginning in the 1960s. I ask how the notions of vocal expressivity and sexual liberation that emerged in the 1960s may have enabled these kinds of abuses. This epilogue reflects on how feminist music scholars and critics might honor expressions of agency while condemning abuse. It offers concluding thoughts on how music scholars can listen for agency and demand accountability.
“Thirty Lashes, Well Laid On”
Authors: Irons Peter 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter begins with the first importation of African slaves into colonial Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619. As their numbers grew, and interracial sex produced mixed-race (called “mulatto”) children, White colonists responded with a law designating all mulatto children as slaves, overturning a grant of freedom to Elizabeth Key, a mulatto indentured servant who married a young English settler and had a child with him. The chapter discusses the Slave Codes that stripped Blacks of any rights. Slave states also banned the teaching of slaves to read and write, lest they read “incendiary” publications and revolt, as some did. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the personal conflicts over slavery felt by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, and the role of Madison at the Constitutional Convention in 1787 in crafting the Great Compromise that legalized slavery as the price of creating a federal government.
Introduction
Authors: Richards Neil 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Privacy matters because, in an information society, information is power. The introduction opens with “the privacy conversation,” a conversation the author frequently has had with people he’s just met, in which the other person suggests that “privacy is dead.” Privacy is not dead, it turns out; it is just our society’s way of dealing with the social consequences of the power that human information provides to governments, companies, and other people who collect and use human information. The introduction lays out a plan of the book. Part 1, “How to Think About Privacy,” explains what privacy is and what privacy isn’t and dispels several pernicious myths about privacy. Part 2, “Three Privacy Values,” explores three of the instrumental values that good privacy rules can secure: identity formation, political freedom, and consumer protection.
Identity
Authors: Richards Neil 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Human beings have messy, complex, evolving, multiple identities, and privacy rules can nurture the social processes by which we figure out who we are and what we believe. These processes include both the intellectual freedom that intellectual privacy protects as well as the kinds of identity play that other privacy rules enable. Three additional examples illustrate the ways in which privacy promotes identity formation. Privacy protects us from identity “forcing”: when technologies force us into single identities, such as through Facebook’s oppressive “real name” policy. Privacy protects us from “filtering”: the use of human information to “personalize” our news feeds and media consumption in ways that screen out ideas and information that the algorithm predicts we won’t like or don’t need. And privacy protects us from “exposure”: the risk of disclosure of information about us that chills us into social, intellectual, and political conformity.
Freedom
Authors: Richards Neil 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Privacy can nurture our ability to develop political beliefs, identities, and expression, and is thus an essential source of political power for citizens against the state. Privacy enables political freedom, letting us act as self-governing citizens, and it is hard to envision a functioning democracy without privacy. Many discussions of privacy and political freedom rely on Orwell’s metaphor of Big Brother, but that image is incomplete because it fails to include private-party surveillance. Surveillance of any kind, whether government or private, raises two particular dangers. First, surveillance threatens the intellectual privacy we need to make up our minds about political and social issues; being watched when we think, read, and communicate can cause us not to experiment with new, controversial, or deviant ideas. Second, surveillance changes the power dynamic between the watcher and the watched; the power surveillance gives to watchers creates risks of blackmail, discrimination, and coercive persuasion.
Indicators as a Tool for Strengthened Monitoring
Authors: Lantschner Emma 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Chapter 3 is dedicated to a discussion of the concept of indicators, since the use of such an instrument is not uncontroversial. To address critics of the concept, the chapter analyses not only the purposes for which indicators can be used and their related advantages, but also discusses the limitations and pitfalls connected with their use. This chapter also introduces the division into structural, process, and outcome indicators that measure the progress of implementation in different phases of the life cycle of a norm. It further looks at the use that is made (or not made) of indicators in monitoring procedures carried out by the Commission in the pre-accession phase to show that, to date, the concept has been used rather inconsistently. On the basis of the foregoing, it develops criteria for the development of indicators in the area of equality and non-discrimination. The main purpose of these indicators is to support consistent monitoring of the transposition and implementation of the EU non-discrimination acquis. They can, however, also be used as a tool in the political dialogue between the European Commission, civil society actors, and state institutions, as well as by policy makers to analyse the situation in view of evidence-based law and policy making.
Random Variables and Probability
Authors: Essington Timothy E. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The chapter “Random Variables and Probability” serves as both a review and a reference on probability. The random variable is the core concept in understanding probability, parameter estimation, and model selection. This chapter reviews the basic idea of a random variable and discusses the two main kinds of random variables: discrete random variables and continuous random variables. It covers the distinction between discrete and continuous random variables and outlines the most common probability mass or density functions used in ecology. Advanced sections cover distributions such as the gamma distribution, Student’s t-distribution, the beta distribution, the beta-binomial distribution, and zero-inflated models.
Skills for Fitting Models to Data
Authors: Essington Timothy E. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The chapter “Skills for Fitting Models to Data” provides worked examples of the model parameter estimation and model-selection examples presented in Part 2, both in spreadsheets and in R. This chapter presumes that the reader is reasonably comfortable setting up spreadsheets and R code and applying the modeling skills presented in Chapter 15. It begins with maximum likelihood estimation, presenting first a direct method and then numerical methods that yield more precise (usually) estimates of maximum likelihood parameter estimates. It then examines how to estimate parameters that do not appear in probability functions (e.g. a model in which survivorship rate is density dependent). The chapter concludes by discussing likelihood profiles.
Stochastic Limit Theory
Authors: Davidson James 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This book aims to introduce modern asymptotic theory to students and practitioners of econometrics. It falls broadly into two parts. The first provides a handbook and reference for the underlying mathematics (Part I, Chapters 1–6), statistical theory (Part II, Chapters 7–11), and stochastic process theory (Part III, Chapters 12–18). The second half provides a treatment of the main convergence theorems used in analysing the large sample behaviour of econometric estimators and tests. These are the law of large numbers (Part IV, Chapters 19–22), the central limit theorem (Part V, Chapters 23–26), and the functional central limit theorem (Part VI, Chapters 27–32). The focus in this treatment is on the nonparametric approach to time series properties, covering topics such as nonstationarity, mixing, martingales, and near‐epoch dependence. While the approach is not elementary, care is taken to keep the treatment self‐contained. Proofs are provided for almost all the results.
Mixingales
Authors: Davidson James 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Mixingales are an asymptotic generalization of the martingale concept. This chapter defines them and reviews their properties, discussing the telescoping sum representation, and the important mixingale inequalities. The most important result for subsequent applications is the uniform square integrability of mixingale sums. The final section proves bounds for the autocovariances of mixingale processes.
Convergence in L
p Norm
Authors: Davidson James 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter looks in detail at proofs of the weak law of large numbers (convergence in probability) using the technique of establishing convergence in Lp‐norm. The extension to a proof of almost‐sure convergence is given, and then special results for martingale differences, mixingales, and approximable processes. These results are proved in array notation to allow general forms of heterogeneity.
Extensions and Complements
Authors: Davidson James 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter contains treatments of a range of topics associated with the central limit theorem. These include estimated normalization using methods of heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation consistent variance estimation, the CLT in linear prrocesses, random norming giving rise to a mixed Gaussian limiting distribution, and the Cramér–Wold device and multivariate CLT. The delta method to derive the limit distributions of differentiable functions is described. The law of the iterated logarithm is proved for Gaussian processes.