bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of the process of interaction between the vehicle and snow in the environment of DEM and MBD-systems
Authors: Teslenko D S , Belyakov V V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The problem of increasing the mobility of tractors on snow in our country is very important. This is due to the long duration of the snow cover, primarily in those regions that are of great national and economic importance in terms of mining. There are many methods to increase the mobility of the vehicle, but all of them are associated with increased traction, as well as bearing characteristics of the wheel. The question of calculating the resistance to movement on the part of the body parts submerged in the snow, as well as transmission and engine for a long time did not receive sufficient attention, despite the fact that their contribution to the overall resistance to movement can reach 60%. In this article the existing methods of calculation and modeling of the value of resistance to movement on the side of housing parts are considered, their advantages and disadvantages are given. The design of a soil canal to study the movement of large-scale models of cars in the snow is considered, and the conclusion is made as to the feasibility of using this method at the present time. The paper also suggests a new method of drag calculation based on the joint use of discrete element modelling (DEM) and multibody dynamics (MBD) software packages. This approach allows both realistically simulate snow due to the discrete element modeling approach, and enter into the model the values of loads on the suspension, traction force, etc. through the use of MBD. The article deals with the technique of modeling the interaction of the body with snow in the EDEM package of DEM Solutions Ltd. The scheme of interaction between DEM and MBD-packages on the example of EDEM and MSC Adams software is described, as well as the technique of using Adams/Co-simulation Interface (ACSI).
Ways to reduce fuel consumption of a light commercial vehicle for WLTC and NEDC cycles
Authors: Kolin A A , Silantyev S E , Rogov P S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the results of the simulation model employed for fuel consumption analysis of a light commercial vehicle in road traffic cycles; virtual tests are performed. The motor vehicle main parameters are analysed for impact on fuel consumption in NEDC and WLTC cycles. Changes of average fuel consumption are quantified for varying main parameters of the vehicle structure. The distribution of energy consumption for the vehicle in motion is demonstrated. On the basis of the regression analysis impact coefficients of individual gear ratios on the average fuel consumption of a light commercial vehicle are obtained.
Different plastic-bag type photobioreactor for biomass production of Chlorella species
Authors: Chen Yu Pei , Huang Yao Hsin , Huang Hsiang Chin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Microalgae were generally recognized as safe and a promising source for proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, carbohydrates, and other bioactive substances in the industrial application such as foods, health supplements, biofuels, and pharmaceuticals. For mass production and cost down, plastic-bag has been utilized for microalgal growth. In this study, three plastic-bag types (plastic-bag, vertical plastic-bag, and horizontal plastic-bag) were designed to shape the liquid circulation for improving the mass transfer. Microalgae were cultivated under different weathers including the sunshine times and average global radiation as 46.7 h and 9.15 MJ/m2, 13.7 h and 4.8 MJ/m2, 38.2 h and 8.07 MJ/m2, and 37.1 h and 11.25 MJ/m2 for 15 days. The pH, biomass, and antioxidant of microalgae were further detected. The pH values of microalgae were ranged from 7.3–9.0 within 15 days cultivation. No obvious difference was present among these plastic-bags. Under low global radiation with the average 4.8 MJ/m2, the microalgal biomass produced by the vertical plastic-bag was 1.4-fold and 1.9 - fold higher than that of the plastic-bag and horizontal plastic-bag, respectively. This result suggested that the vertical plastic-bag photobioreactor had a high mass transfer with low shear stress. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity was assayed by the total polyphenol and total reductive capability. The result revealed that the microalgae contained 360.4 μg/L-culture corresponding to gallic acid using vertical plastic-bag, followed by horizontal plastic-bag with 289.6 μg/L-culture and plastic-bag with 230.6 μg/L-culture by the total polyphenol determination after 15 days cultivation. The similar result was also observed in the total reductive capability by vertical plastic-bag with 413.4 μg/L-culture corresponding to ascorbic acid, followed by horizontal plastic-bag with 373.2 μg/L-culture and plastic-bag with 353.7 μg/L-culture. Consequently, the vertical plastic-bag had the potential to be applied in the industrial field.
Artificial neural network base on grey relational analysis estimate displacement of bridge-type amplifier
Authors: Tran Quang Phuoc , Huynh Ngoc Thai , Huang Shyh Chour 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The power of complaint mechanisms is able for a dramatic reduction in the number of parts required to compass a specified task. It may reduce manufacturing and assembly time and cost. Reduce the number of joints can also increase mechanism precision. The output displacement must be larger than input displacement with lower stress. Thus, Optimize geometry-shape for besting parameter design of the structure was investigated in this paper. The part was designed by Autodesk Inventor and determined displacement amplifier and stress by FEM in ANSYS. We estimate the displacement of a bridge-type amplifier using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and regression method (RM) base on Grey relational analysis (GRA). The variability of the thickness, the incline angle, the length and the width of the flexure hinges (FH) affects the variability of target displacement (DI) and stress (ST). The influence of the width and the area of the location force is very small and not clear. The result of the simulation is verified by ANOVA and also compared with the predicted value of ANN, GRA, and RM. The displacement of a bridge-type amplifier is reached 0.95 mm with displacement input 0.01 mm. The ratio amplifier is got 95 times.
Developing programmable robot for K12 STEAM education
Authors: Hsieh Cheng Tiao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
STEAM is the acronym that is a group of academic disciplines, Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Mathematics. In recent years, the STEAM has been considered as the core parts of K12 education system in many countries. Regarding this need, this paper attempts to develop a cheap, interactive and programmable robot to assist K12 students to learn STEAM effectively and friendly. The robot was developed based the open source – Ottobot. Its primary external structure was made by 3D printers, so its shape can be customized by users. In addition, its electrical and electronic devices are compatible to Arduino. The development kits of Arduino are friendly and free, so it is very suitable to new users like K12 and the students with non-engineering background. The control board applied in this study is a low-cost Arduino Nano, which includes 14 digital I/O and 8 analog I/O. Associated with ESP8266 or HC-06, the robot can be controlled remotely via Wifi or Bluetooth. In this paper, we demonstrated the graphical programming tool, called mBlock, to code the firmware of the robot. Its friendly programming interface is similar to the Scratch, which provides K12 students a friendly and useful tool to explore programming world. This paper does not only present the detail information of building a programmable robot, but also demonstrate a friendly tool to assist K12 students to learn the programming ability for developing a smart robot or AI related products.
A DEMATEL approach to select green reverse logistics service providers
Authors: Taso Shu Hua , Yang Lu , Ou Shih Ming 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
With the development of science and technology, the problems of environmental pollution and waste of resources are becoming more and more serious. Urban logistics is one of the regions with the highest frequency of logistics activities. In the face of the destruction of the environment and its impact on human life, urban logistics need to be transformed to be more friendly to the environment. This study aims to find the key success factors for selecting green reverse logistics service providers. Based on urban logistics and reverse logistics, on the perspective of sustainability, this study collected five aspects and twenty-four factors. DEMATEL is employed to process the data of expert assessments. Referring to the causal map, “Green operations level” and “Greenness of facilities and equipment” are crucial.
Preparation of hydroxyapatite by aqueous precipitation from calcium carbonate and phosphoric acid
Authors: Lee Byeong Woo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, HAp) is the representative biological mineral which is hard to attain the solution equilibrium and difficult to produce by solution synthesis. HAp finds new application fields to remove harmful elements from polluted wastewater in industrial scales. The low-cost manufacturing process should be developed using abundant available CaCO3 materials. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3), as an economically feasible and abundant precursor, has been used in calcium source for the HAp synthesis. The synthesis was conducted by reacting CaCO3 with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) in aqueous solution with aid of citric acid and sodium hydroxide under moderate synthesis conditions. Compositionally pure HAp has been prepared. The process offered a relatively fast, convenient and economical route for the synthesis of HAp.
The stabilization of state feedback for a class of systems with time delay
Authors: Li H P , Zhang Y 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper we consider the stabilization of state feedback for a class of systems with time delay. At first, we investigated the stability on the system with two additive time delays. Then an appropriate LKF with double integral was constructed. Since the linear matrix inequalities, we get the sufficient condition to guarantee the system’s asymptotically stability. At last, the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by a numerical example.
Fuzzy cognitive map based vulnerability analysis of agricultural products cold chain logistics: a perspective of carbon footprint
Authors: Zhou Rongxia , Ou Shih Ming 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
As an important part of the development of a low-carbon economy, developing low-carbon logistics is an important measure to implement transform the economic development mode and cope with global warming. In order to effectively realize the low-carbon operation of agricultural cold chain logistics, a fuzzy cognitive map is employed to analyze the vulnerability of agricultural cold chain logistics on the perspective of carbon footprint. With the analysis above, the influencing factors of carbon emissions in cold chain logistics operations can be identified. Therefore, the carbon reduction strategy of the cold chain logistics of agricultural products can be obtained. Our findings can be as decision-making reference for relevant departments and enterprises to better formulate cold chain low carbon emission strategies and promote green logistics to achieve high-quality development.
Using improved neural network for the risk assessment of information security
Authors: Lee Zne Jung , Yang Zhao Yun , Lee Chou Yuan , Chen Zhi Hao , Wu Wen Bing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Because of the information age, protecting information is very important to satisfy the three main aspects of information security, namely confidentiality, integrity and availability. In this case, information security has become one of the most important problems in information technology. Information security is a very important activity and risk assessment is the kernel of information security. However, most of the current risk assessment activities are comparatively subjective and the performances are not good enough. To understand this problem, we propose the improved neural network for the risk assessment of information security. Basically, it is processed under back-propagation neural network (BPN). Moreover, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used for fine parameter optimization of BPN. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has the best performance among these compared approaches.
Simulating the thickness effect of the graphene oxide layer in CsPbBr3- based solar cells
Authors: Mehrabian Masood , Afshar Elham Norouzi , Yousefzadeh Sonya Asl 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Perovskite-based inverted structure of solar cells with TiO2, graphene oxide (GO), and TiO2-GO photo-anodes were analyzed by SCAPS profile. The photovoltaic performance showed that GO produces the maximum power conversion efficiency of 10.34% under illumination. Quantum efficiency, carrier generation, recombination and concentrations through layers of devices were investigated. Then, the impact of GO thickness on photovoltaic characteristics was investigated to optimize the GO thickness. By optimizing the thickness of the GO layer, the efficiency of the device improved from 10.34% to 10.91% in the thickness of 40 nm. These simulation results could provide guidelines to fabricate higher efficiency solar cells.
Effect of glass, carbon, and kevlar fibers on mechanical properties for polymeric composite tubes produced by a unidirectional winding method
Authors: Babazadeh Jafar , Rahmani Kaveh , Hashemi Seyed Jalal , Sadooghi Ali 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
One of the applications of composites is in the manufacturing tubes, which are widely used in industries such as petroleum, petrochemical, and aerospace. Composite tubes are made of thermoset resin base material and reinforced by fibers, having a solid, lightweight, and corrosion-resistant structure, which is a great replacement for metal and concrete tubes. In this research, composite tubes with various resins base material, Swancor901, Epiran-1012, and Epiran-06FL reinforced by different fibers glass, carbon, and kevlar fibers, according to the compatible role, with the angle of 45° and unidirectional and same size, thickness, and diameter, were produced by the winding method. To study the mechanical properties of produced composite tubes, tensile, compressive, and three-point flexural strength tests were performed. The results showed that the highest ultimate tensile strength was obtained for carbon fibers reinforced tube (CFR) equal to 139MPa, which was 136% and 26% higher than kevlar fibers reinforced tube (KFR) and glass fibers reinforced tube (GFR), respectively. The highest flexural strength was also obtained for GFR equal to 91.08MPa, which is 132% and 13% higher than the flexural strength of CFR and KFR, respectively. Also, according to the results of the compression test, the highest compressive strength was observed in the samples reinforced with glass, kevlar, and carbon fibers, respectively. SEM imaging results from the cross-sections show that the best bonding between the base material and the fibers was observed for CFR.
Oxide copper nanoparticles stabilized by acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate polar monomers through a ligand exchange reaction
Authors: Rodríguez Bárbara , Ramírez Sara , Gutiérrez Pablo , Silva Nataly , Díaz-Aburto Isaac , García Andreina , Martínez Iván 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This research reports the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONP) functionalized by the polar monomers acrylonitrile (ACN) and methyl methacrylate (MMA). The synthesis was achieved by a practical exchange ligand reaction from CuONP previously stabilized by hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The replacement of CTAB by ACN or MMA produced the functionalized nanoparticles CuONP-ACN and CuONP-MMA, respectively. The functionalized nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Zeta potential, x-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) analysis. Changes in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band and the functional group bands observed in UV–vis and FTIR spectra confirmed the efficient replacement of CTAB by polar monomers. Moreover, CuONP-ACN and CuONP-MMA showed a negative surface charge with spherical morphology. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that a monoclinic CuO crystal system was formed.
Presynaptic accumulation of α-synuclein causes synaptopathy and progressive neurodegeneration in Drosophila
Authors: Bridi Jessika C , Bereczki Erika , Smith Saffron K , Poças Gonçalo M , Kottler Benjamin , Domingos Pedro M , Elliott Christopher J , Aarsland Dag , Hirth Frank 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) mislocalization and accumulation in intracellular inclusions is the major pathological hallmark of degenerative synucleinopathies, including Parkinson’s disease, Parkinson’s disease with dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies. Typical symptoms are behavioural abnormalities including motor deficits that mark disease progression, while non-motor symptoms and synaptic deficits are already apparent during the early stages of disease. Synucleinopathies have therefore been considered synaptopathies that exhibit synaptic dysfunction prior to neurodegeneration. However, the mechanisms and events underlying synaptopathy are largely unknown. Here we investigated the cascade of pathological events underlying α-syn accumulation and toxicity in a Drosophila model of synucleinopathy by employing a combination of histological, biochemical, behavioural and electrophysiological assays. Our findings demonstrate that targeted expression of human α-syn leads to its accumulation in presynaptic terminals that caused downregulation of synaptic proteins, cysteine string protein, synapsin, and syntaxin 1A, and a reduction in the number of Bruchpilot puncta, the core component of the presynaptic active zone essential for its structural integrity and function. These α-syn-mediated presynaptic alterations resulted in impaired neuronal function, which triggered behavioural deficits in ageing Drosophila that occurred prior to progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Comparable alterations in presynaptic active zone protein were found in patient brain samples of dementia with Lewy bodies. Together, these findings demonstrate that presynaptic accumulation of α-syn impairs the active zone and neuronal function, which together cause synaptopathy that results in behavioural deficits and the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons. This sequence of events resembles the cytological and behavioural phenotypes that characterise the onset and progression of synucleinopathies, suggesting that α-syn-mediated synaptopathy is an initiating cause of age-related neurodegeneration.
Pre-treatment of blood samples reveal normal blood hypocretin/orexin signal in narcolepsy type 1
Authors: Ægidius Helene M , Kruse Lars , Christensen Gitte L , Lorentzen Marc P , Jørgensen Niklas R , Moresco Monica , Pizza Fabio , Plazzi Giuseppe , Jennum Poul J , Kornum Birgitte R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The hypocretin/orexin system regulates arousal through central nervous system mechanisms and plays an important role in sleep, wakefulness and energy homeostasis. It is unclear whether hypocretin peptides are also present in blood due to difficulties in measuring reliable and reproducible levels of the peptides in blood samples. Lack of hypocretin signalling causes the sleep disorder narcolepsy type 1, and low concentration of cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin-1/orexin-A peptide is a hallmark of the disease. This measurement has high diagnostic value, but performing a lumbar puncture is not without discomfort and possible complications for the patient. A blood-based test to assess hypocretin-1 deficiency would therefore be of obvious benefit. We here demonstrate that heating plasma or serum samples to 65°C for 30 min at pH 8 significantly increases hypocretin-1 immunoreactivity enabling stable and reproducible measurement of hypocretin-1 in blood samples. Specificity of the signal was verified by high-performance liquid chromatography and by measuring blood samples from mice lacking hypocretin. Unspecific background signal in the assay was high. Using our method, we show that hypocretin-1 immunoreactivity in blood samples from narcolepsy type 1 patients does not differ from the levels detected in control samples. The data presented here suggest that hypocretin-1 is present in the blood stream in the low picograms per millilitres range and that peripheral hypocretin-1 concentrations are unchanged in narcolepsy type 1.
Loss of autophagy protein ATG5 impairs cardiac capacity in mice and humans through diminishing mitochondrial abundance and disrupting Ca2+ cycling
Authors: Ljubojević-Holzer Senka , Kraler Simon , Djalinac Nataša , Abdellatif Mahmoud , Voglhuber Julia , Schipke Julia , Schmidt Marlene , Kling Katharina-Maria , Franke Greta Therese , Herbst Viktoria , Zirlik Andreas , von Lewinski Dirk , Scherr Daniel , Rainer Peter P , Kohlhaas Michael , Nickel Alexander , Mühlfeld Christian , Maack Christoph , Sedej Simon 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Aims
Autophagy protects against the development of cardiac hypertrophy and failure. While aberrant Ca2+ handling promotes myocardial remodelling and contributes to contractile dysfunction, the role of autophagy in maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis remains elusive. Here, we examined whether Atg5 deficiency-mediated autophagy promotes early changes in subcellular Ca2+ handling in ventricular cardiomyocytes, and whether those alterations associate with compromised cardiac reserve capacity, which commonly precedes the onset of heart failure.

Methods and results
RT–qPCR and immunoblotting demonstrated reduced Atg5 gene and protein expression and decreased abundancy of autophagy markers in hypertrophied and failing human hearts. The function of ATG5 was examined using cardiomyocyte-specific Atg5-knockout mice (Atg5−/−). Before manifesting cardiac dysfunction, Atg5−/− mice showed compromised cardiac reserve in response to β-adrenergic stimulation. Consequently, effort intolerance and maximal oxygen consumption were reduced during treadmill-based exercise tolerance testing. Mechanistically, cellular imaging revealed that Atg5 deprivation did not alter spatial and functional organization of intracellular Ca2+ stores or affect Ca2+ cycling in response to slow pacing or upon acute isoprenaline administration. However, high-frequency stimulation exposed stunted amplitude of Ca2+ transients, augmented nucleoplasmic Ca2+ load, and increased CaMKII activity, especially in the nuclear region of hypertrophied Atg5−/− cardiomyocytes. These changes in Ca2+ cycling were recapitulated in hypertrophied human cardiomyocytes. Finally, ultrastructural analysis revealed accumulation of mitochondria with reduced volume and size distribution, meanwhile functional measurements showed impaired redox balance in Atg5−/− cardiomyocytes, implying energetic unsustainability due to overcompensation of single mitochondria, particularly under increased workload.

Conclusion
Loss of cardiac Atg5-dependent autophagy reduces mitochondrial abundance and causes subtle alterations in subcellular Ca2+ cycling upon increased workload in mice. Autophagy-related impairment of Ca2+ handling is progressively worsened by β-adrenergic signalling in ventricular cardiomyocytes, thereby leading to energetic exhaustion and compromised cardiac reserve.