bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexibility and Resilience in Corporate Decision Making: A New Sustainability-Based Risk Management System in Uncertain Times
Authors: Settembre-Blundo Davide , González-Sánchez Rocío , Medina-Salgado Sonia , García-Muiña Fernando E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRisk management plays a key role in uncertain times, preventing corporations from acting rashly and incorrectly, allowing them to become flexible and resilient. A global turbulence such as the COVID-19 pandemic has had a strong impact on individual companies and entire economic sectors, raising the question of whether a paradigm shift is necessary, in order to enable a new cycle of development that is much environmentally, socially and economically sustainable. This environmental and socio-economic context of profound uncertainty forces organizations to consider more carefully the risk factors affecting their business continuity, as well as how these factors relate to sustainability issues. However, there is a gap in knowledge about how risk management systems relate to sustainability management systems, and how both of them exert influence on business performance, especially from a theoretical point of view. The aim of this study is to address this gap, by developing a new interpretative framework for the analysis of risk management strategies in organizations. This approach has been identified in economic hermeneutics as an innovative methodological tool to improve the knowledge of risk and design the most appropriate management strategies. The paper provides two main results: the first one is the construction of a theoretical model that relates risk management to sustainability management; the second one is an operational framework of multidimensional risk assessment useful for analysis at different levels (business, competitive scenario and system). Finally, the model also makes it possible to carry out a sustainability assessment through risk evaluation in the perspective of the sustainable development goals.
Newer results of Monte Carlo inversion of IP data in water base protection and ore exploration
Authors: Turai Endre , Turtogtokh Byambasuren , Dobróka Mihály , Baracza Mátyás Krisztián 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe paper presents the latest results of Monte Carlo inversion of IP data in the areas of water base protection and ore exploration. The method of determining the time constant spectrum using Monte Carlo inversion and the parameters characterizing the degree of environmental contaminations and ore deposition are presented. Among the field applications in Hungary, the investigation of the ionic pollution of the Ráckeve water base and the characterization of the Felsőtelekes waste dump of the Rudabánya iron ore mine are presented. In addition to these, the paper presents the investigation of ore deposition in the area of a gold mine in Mongolia using the Monte Carlo inversion of multi-electrode pole-dipole IP method.
Identification and Quantification of Node Criticality through EWM–TOPSIS: A Study of Hong Kong’s MTR System
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Ng S. Thomas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPublic transport networks (PTNs) are critical in populated and rapidly densifying cities such as Hong Kong, Beijing, Shanghai, Mumbai, and Tokyo. Public transportation plays an indispensable role in urban resilience with an integrated, complex, and dynamically changeable network structure. Consequently, identifying and quantifying node criticality in complex PTNs is of great practical significance to improve network robustness from damage. Despite the proposition of various node criticality criteria to address this problem, few succeeded in more comprehensive aspects. Therefore, this paper presents an efficient and thorough ranking method, that is, entropy weight method (EWM)–technology for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS), named EWM–TOPSIS, to evaluate node criticality by taking into account various node features in complex networks. Then we demonstrate it on the Mass Transit Railway (MTR) in Hong Kong by removing and recovering the topkcritical nodes in descending order to compare the effectiveness of degree centrality (DC), betweenness centrality (BC), closeness centrality (CC), and the proposed EWM–TOPSIS method. Four evaluation indicators, that is, the frequency of nodes with the same ranking (F), the global network efficiency (E), the size of the largest connected component (LCC), and the average path length (APL), are computed to compare the performance of the four methods and measure network robustness under different designed attack and recovery strategies. The results demonstrate that the EWM–TOPSIS method has more obvious advantages than the others, especially in the early stage.
Distribution patterns of the native Eurasian and the non-native North American beaver in Finland—possible factors affecting the slow range expansion of the native species
Authors: Alakoski Riikka , Kauhala Kaarina , Selonen Vesa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDistribution patterns of species are affected by resource availability, dispersal, disturbance and population dynamics. The smaller population size and range of the native Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) compared to the non-native North American beaver (Castor canadensis) in Finland raise questions on reasons for the slower range expansion of the native species. We compared the population growth rates and the spread of both species from their release sites. We also studied the factors possibly affecting the spread of the Eurasian beaver in South western Finland in more detail. We found that the North American beaver has spread longer distances than the Eurasian beaver, but we did not find evidence for movement barriers constraining the expansion rate of the native species. Lack of high-quality habitats does not seem to constrain the expansion to nearby areas either. Despite this, the Eurasian beaver population has grown to a high density close to its reintroduction site, and it has started to spread to novel areas only recently. We conclude that the expansion of the native beaver in Finland seems to be controlled by factors other than those related to barriers for movement: movement behavior and population dynamics, which require further investigation.
Classifying disequilibrium of small mountain glaciers from patterns of surface elevation change distributions
Authors: Hartl Lea , Helfricht Kay , Stocker-Waldhuber Martin , Seiser Bernd , Fischer Andrea 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe overall trend of rapid retreat of Alpine glaciers contains considerable variability of responses at the scale of individual glaciers. As a step towards a regional assessment of glacier state that allows a detailed differentiation of single glaciers, we explore the potential of a self-organizing maps (SOM) algorithm to identify and cluster recurring patterns of thickness change at glaciers in western Austria. Using digital elevation models and glacier inventories for three time periods, we compute the frequency distribution of surface elevation change over the area of each glacier in the data set, for each period. The results of the SOM clustering show a distinct pattern shift over time: From 1969 to 1997, surface elevation change occurred at relatively uniform rates across a given glacier. Since 1997, the distribution of surface elevation change at individual glaciers has been far less uniform, indicating accelerated processes of disintegration. Tracking the evolution of individual glaciers throughout the time periods via the clusters highlights both the broader regional trend as well as glaciers that deviate from this trend, e.g. some very small, high elevation glaciers that have reverted to reduced and more uniform volume loss patterns.
Effect of the BCAT2 polymorphism (rs11548193) on plasma branched-chain amino acid concentrations after dietary intervention in subjects with obesity and insulin resistance
Authors: González-Salazar Luis E. , Granados-Portillo Omar , Medina-Vera Isabel , Pichardo-Ontiveros Edgar , Vigil-Martínez Ana , Guizar-Heredia Rocío , Palacios-González Berenice , Arteaga-Sánchez Liliana , Hernández-Gómez Karla G. , Avila-Nava Azalia , Serralde-Zúñiga Aurora E. , Flores-López Adriana , Noriega Lilia G. , Torres Nimbe , Olin-Sandoval Viridiana , Vázquez-Manjarrez Natalia , Domínguez-Velázquez Natali , Reyes-García Juan G. , Tovar Armando R. , Guevara-Cruz Martha 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBranched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are considered markers of insulin resistance (IR) in subjects with obesity. In this study, we evaluated whether the presence of the SNP of the branched-chain aminotransferase 2 (BCAT2) gene can modify the effect of a dietary intervention (DI) on the plasma concentration of BCAA in subjects with obesity and IR. A prospective cohort study of adult subjects with obesity, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR ≥ 2·5) no diagnosed chronic disease, underwent a DI with an energy restriction of 3140 kJ/d and nutritional education for 1 month. Anthropometric measurements, body composition, blood pressure, resting energy expenditure, oral glucose tolerance test results, serum biochemical parameters and the plasma amino acid profile were evaluated before and after the DI. SNP were assessed by the TaqMan SNP genotyping assay. A total of eighty-two subjects were included, and fifteen subjects with a BCAT2 SNP had a greater reduction in leucine, isoleucine, valine and the sum of BCAA. Those subjects also had a greater reduction in skeletal muscle mass, fat-free mass, total body water, blood pressure, muscle strength and biochemical parameters after 1 month of the DI and adjusting for age and sex. This study demonstrated that the presence of the BCAT2 SNP promotes a greater reduction in plasma BCAA concentration after adjusting for age and sex, in subjects with obesity and IR after a 1-month energy-restricted DI.
Clinging to survival: Critically Endangered Chapman's pygmy chameleon Rhampholeon chapmanorum persists in shrinking forest patches
Authors: Tolley Krystal A. , Tilbury Colin R. , da Silva Jessica M. , Brown Gary , Chapeta Yankho , Anderson Christopher V. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Critically Endangered Chapman's pygmy chameleon Rhampholeon chapmanorum is endemic to the low elevation rainforest of the Malawi Hills in southern Malawi. Much of this forest has been converted to agriculture and it was uncertain whether chameleon populations have persisted. We used current and historical satellite imagery to identify remaining forest patches and assess deforestation. We then surveyed forest patches for the presence of this chameleon, and assessed its genetic diversity and structure. We estimated that 80% of the forest has been destroyed since 1984, although we found extant populations of the chameleon in each of the patches surveyed. Differentiation of genetic structure was strong between populations, suggesting that gene flow has been impaired. Genetic diversity was not low, but this could be the result of a temporal lag as well as lack of sensitivity in the mitochondrial marker used. Overall, the impact of forest loss is assumed to have led to a large demographic decline, with forest fragmentation preventing gene flow.
Optimising aircraft taxi speed: Design and evaluation of new means to present information on a head-up display
Authors: Eklund Rikard , Osvalder Anna-Lisa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to design and evaluate new means of complying to time constraints by presenting aircraft target taxi speeds on a head-up display (HUD). Four different HUD presentations were iteratively developed from paper sketches into digital prototypes. Each HUD presentation reflected different levels of information presentation. A subsequent evaluation included 32 pilots, with varying flight experience, in usability tests. The participants subjectively assessed which information was most useful to comply with time constraints. The assessment was based on six themes including information, workload, situational awareness, stress, support and usability. The evaluation consisted of computer-simulated taxi-runs, self-assessments and statistical analysis. Information provided by a graphical vertical tape descriptive/predictive HUD presentation, including alpha-numerical information redundancy, was rated most useful. Differences between novice and expert pilots can be resolved by incorporating combinations of graphics and alpha-numeric presentations. The findings can be applied for further studies of combining navigational and time-keeping HUD support during taxi.
Revisiting Online and Offline Data Assimilation Comparison for Paleoclimate Reconstruction: An Idealized OSSE Study
Authors: Okazaki Atsushi , Miyoshi Takemasa , Yoshimura Kei , Greybush Steven J. , Zhang Fuqing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractData assimilation (DA) has been applied to estimate the time‐mean state, such as annual mean surface temperature for paleoclimate reconstruction. There are two types of DA for this purpose: online‐DA and offline‐DA. The online‐DA estimates both time‐mean states (analyses) and initial conditions for subsequent DA cycles, while the offline‐DA only estimates the time‐mean analyses. If there is sufficiently long predictability in the system of interest compared to the temporal resolution of the observations, online‐DA is expected to outperform offline‐DA by utilizing information in the initial conditions. However, previous studies failed to show the superiority of online‐DA when time‐averaged observations are assimilated, and the reason has not been investigated thoroughly. This study compares online‐DA and offline‐DA and investigates the relation to the predictability using an intermediate complexity general circulation model with perfect‐model observing system simulation experiments. The result shows that the online‐DA outperforms offline‐DA when the length of predictability is longer than the averaging time of the observations. We also found that the longer the predictability, the more skillful the online‐DA. Here, the ocean plays a crucial role in extending predictability, which helps online‐DA to outperform offline‐DA. Interestingly, the observations of near‐surface air temperature over land are highly valuable to update the ocean variables in the analysis steps, suggesting the importance of using cross‐domain covariance information between the atmosphere and the ocean when online‐DA is applied to reconstruct paleoclimate.
Arctic Cloud Response to a Perturbation in Sea Ice Concentration: The North Water Polynya
Authors: Monroe Emily E. , Taylor Patrick C. , Boisvert Linette N. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSurface and atmosphere energy exchanges play an important role in the Arctic climate system by influencing the lower atmospheric stability and humidity, sea ice melt and growth, and surface temperature. Sea ice significantly alters the character of these energy exchanges relative to ice‐free ocean. The observed decline in Arctic sea ice since 1979 motivates questions related to the evolving role of surface‐atmosphere coupling and potential feedbacks on the Arctic system. Due to the strong wintertime cloud warming effect, a critical question concerns the potential response of low clouds to Arctic sea ice decline. Previous approaches relied on interannual variability to investigate the cloud response to sea ice decline. However, the covariation between atmospheric conditions and sea ice makes it difficult to define an observational control when using interannual variability. To circumvent this difficulty, we exploit the recurring North Water polynya, an episodic opening in the northern Baffin Bay sea ice, as a natural laboratory to isolate the cloud response to a rapid, near‐step perturbation in sea ice. Our results show that during the event, (a) low‐cloud cover is 10%–33% larger over the polynya than nearby sea ice, (b) cloud liquid water content is up to 400% larger over the polynya than nearby sea ice, and (c) the surface cloud radiative effect is 18 W m−2 larger over the polynya than nearby sea ice. Our results provide evidence that the low‐cloud response during a polynya is a positive feedback lengthening the event.
Biofuels Reserve Controlled Wildfire Regimes Since the Last Deglaciation: A Record From Gonghai Lake, North China
Authors: Ji Panpan , Chen Jianhui , Zhou Aifeng , Ma Rui , Chen Ruijin , Chen Shengqian , Lv Feiya , Ding Guoqiang , Liu Yan , Chen Fahu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWildfire activity is an important activity in evolution of vegetation and carbon cycling. Whether wet weather will suppress wildfire or promote them by increasing fuel reserves during the Holocene is not clear. We obtained a record of black carbon from a sediment core spanning the last 14.8 kyr from Gonghai Lake, in North China. There is a close relationship between the timing of wildfire activity and vegetation development driven by the East Asian summer monsoon intensity. On a millennial timescales, wet climatic conditions provide a sufficient biofuels reserve, in the same period wildfire increase; thus, the regional potential biofuels reserve is shown to be an important controlling of regional wildfire activity in the monsoon region of China, under natural conditions. We infer that with the strengthening of Asian summer monsoon caused by global warming, the wildfire carbon emission in Asian monsoon region may increase in the future.
Coordinated and Competitive Formation of Soil Magnetic Particles Driven by Contrary Climate Development
Authors: Cai Yunfeng , Long Xiaoyong , Meng Xianqiang , Ji Junfeng , Wang Yong , Xie Shiyou 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFerrimagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) iron oxide particles are considered pedogenic and climatic indicators due to their enrichment with comparable increasing in rainfall and temperature. However, the opposite changes in rainfall and temperature result in rapid change of relative humidity (RH), which could lead to their competition and transformation. We examined two soil sequences which have undergone contrary climate development on the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. Dry and warm climate with low RH favors the coordinative enrichment of AFM hematite and FM particles, while wet and cool climate with high RH mainly produces goethite but leads to competition between low content AFM hematite and FM particles. The outcome well interprets the changing relationship between color and magnetism in soils and sediments, and suggests that temperature is as important as precipitation in paleoclimate reconstruction based on iron oxides, especially during strong dry‐wet cycles and climate pattern shifts.
Seismic Constraint From Vp/Vs Ratios on the Structure and Composition Across the Continent‐Ocean Transition Zone, South China Sea
Authors: Li Yuhan , Grevemeyer Ingo , Huang Haibo , Qiu Xuelin , Xu Ziying 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAt non‐volcanic passive continental margins, seismic techniques often failed to uniquely define the nature of crustal domains. Here, we overcome this problem by studying the structure and composition of the continent‐ocean transition (COT) in the Southwest Sub‐basin of the South China Sea, using P and S wave seismic tomography and Vp/Vs ratios, providing unique constraints on lithology. Throughout the image domain, we can rule out large areas of exhumed mantle as Vp/Vs ratios are always <1.9 in the shallow basement layer. Instead, the COT is characterized by extended and fragmented continental crust, and possibly mafic aggregation at the bottom of the crust. In concert with observations from multichannel seismic reflection data, seismic velocities and Vp/Vs ratios suggest that the oldest oceanic crust was formed by starved magmatism, causing rugged basement, thin crust, nearly absent lower crust, and moderately serpentinized mantle below. Our results reveal that rifting occurred without un‐roofing continental mantle.
Radar Observation of Extreme Vertical Drafts in the Polar Summer Mesosphere
Authors: Chau J. L. , Marino R. , Feraco F. , Urco J. M. , Baumgarten G. , Lübken F.‐J. , Hocking W. K. , Schult C. , Renkwitz T. , Latteck R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe polar summer mesosphere is the Earth's coldest region, allowing the formation of mesospheric ice clouds. These ice clouds produce strong polar mesospheric summer echoes (PMSE) that are used as tracers of mesospheric dynamics. Here, we report the first observations of extreme vertical drafts (50 ) in the mesosphere obtained from PMSE, characterized by velocities more than five standard deviations larger than the observed vertical wind variability. Using aperture synthesis radar imaging, the observed PMSE morphology resembles a solitary wave in a varicose mode, narrow along propagation (3–4 km) and elongated ( km) transverse to propagation direction, with a relatively large vertical extent (13 km). These spatial features are similar to previously observed mesospheric bores, but we observe only one crest with much larger vertical extent and higher vertical velocities.
Impact of the Stratospheric Ozone on the Northern Hemisphere Surface Climate During Boreal Winter
Authors: Jeong Yong‐Cheol , Yeh Sang‐Wook , Lee Seungun , Park Rokjin J. , Son Seok‐Woo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, we examine the impact of stratospheric ozone on the Northern Hemisphere (NH) surface climate during boreal winter by analyzing the two experiments using Global/Regional Integrated Model system‐Chemistry Climate Model (GRIMs‐CCM) (i.e., LINOZ‐on/‐off experiments) and eight Atmosphere Model Inter‐comparison Project (AMIP) climate models. In LINOZ‐on, ozone concentration in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) varies with latitudes, being low in the tropics and high in the mid‐to‐high‐latitudes, by adopting a linearized ozone scheme. The LINOZ‐off, however, prescribes constant ozone concentration throughout all latitudes. Cooler surface temperatures over the Eurasian and Asian continents in boreal winter are simulated in LINOZ‐on than that in LINOZ‐off. A reduced mean UTLS temperature gradient in LINOZ‐on, due to the difference of climatological mean ozone concentration, causes a weakened mean zonal wind in the lower stratosphere compared to the LINOZ‐off. This mean wind difference is extended all the way to the surface, resulting in a negative Arctic Oscillation (AO)‐like mean state in the mid‐to‐high latitudes in the LINOZ‐on. Subsequently, it causes cool surface temperatures over the Eurasian and Asian continents by altering horizontal winds. This result is also supported by the comparison between AMIP models with a relatively high and low stratospheric ozone concentration in the mid‐to‐high latitudes. Therefore, a careful attention should be paid to the climatology of stratospheric ozone concentration in climate models to correctly simulate surface climate in the NH in the past and future climate.