bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effets de méthode
Authors: Combessie Jean-Claude 
Published: July 2021

S’il y a de nombreuses manières d’étendre ou de restreindre un objet d’étude, on ne peut, s’agissant de sciences sociales, négliger les variations affectant l’aire géographique, la dimension historique, le nombre d’individus étudiés ni l’extension du thème ou domaine. Il est évident que modifier une de ces dimensions peut affecter les autres. Mais on tend à l’heure actuelle à imputer à l’extension numérique de l’objet — et à la technique quantifiée qui lui correspond — des effets propres sur l’objet, sur ce qu’elle en saisit et ce qu’elle en méconnaît. L’argumentation n’est pas sans rappeler des débats analogues construits autour d’oppositions temporelles (temps long, temps court) ou plus spatialisantes (micro, macro). Notre intention n’est pas de nier l’existence d’effets de méthode sur l’objet à la constitution duquel elles participent, mais il nous apparaît que celles qui sont le plus couramment relevées ne sont imputables à aucune différence d’extension de l’objet en tant que telle, ni temporelle, ni spatiale, ni numérique, ni thématique, mais à la diversité des points de vue qui sont pris sur l’objet ou, en d’autres termes, au nombre de relations différentes dans lequel il est inséré et qui le constituent au sens plein comme objet social. En d’autres termes encore, il nous semble qu’on oublie trop souvent de peser (et le cas échéant d’opposer) les conséquences sur l’objet de deux approches qui sont très strictement affaires de méthode (et sont en droit indépendantes des propriétés intrinsèques de l’objet) : une approche compréhensive dans laquelle l’objet est compris dans et comme un faisceau dense de relations, une approche par abstraction généralisante qui déploie (explique) un ou quelques aspects isolés (isolés donc abstraits) de l’objet, aspects qui, par et dans l’abstraction même qui les constitue, sont homogènes et donc aisément comparables et généralisables.
Statistique, monographie et groupes sociaux
Authors: Champagne Patrick 
Published: July 2021

On oppose souvent, dans les manuels de sciences sociales, les méthodes d’enquête dites « qualitatives », « intensives » et « micro-sociologiques », comme les monographies locales, aux méthodes dites « quantitatives », « extensives » et « macro-sociologiques », comme les enquêtes statistiques par sondages portant sur une aire géographique étendue. Cette distinction, apparemment simple, risque cependant de fermer la réflexion méthodologique dans la mesure où ces oppositions pédagogiques plus que scientifiques paraissent aujourd’hui évidentes. La force de cette classification formelle tient au fait qu’elle s’appuie sur des dichotomies scolaires (qualité/quantité, micro/macro, etc.) ; mais elle tient aussi au fait qu’elle renvoie à la vieille opposition entre « individu » et « société ». Dans cette logique, on considère la monographie et l’analyse de cas comme bien adaptées pour saisir le particulier, le singulier, bref, l’individu et sa psychologie, alors que les enquêtes statistiques par questionnaires sont censées saisir plutôt le collectif, le social ou, comme disent certains, le « sociologique ». Or, cette opposition, loin d’aider à un usage raisonné des méthodes d’enquêtes, fait écran à un certain nombre de problèmes proprement sociologiques comme celui de la nature des groupes sociaux.
Idéal de l’individu, individu statistique, individu social
Authors: Grumbach Michel 
Published: July 2021

La notion de Personne constitue, depuis environ deux siècles, le foyer du système de valeurs officielles des sociétés occidentales. Mais est-il possible pour autant, comme l’écrit Marcel Mauss, de considérer que la « révolution des mentalités est faite » et que cette notion, à la fois catégorie de l’idéologie et concept sociologique, décrit adéquatement les réalités sociales de l’existence individuelle ? Et, au-delà de Marcel Mauss et des sociologues, la statistique, au moins dans certains de ses actes méthodologiques, ne partage-t-elle pas le « trésor commun » de cette même conviction ? La méthodologie établie du questionnaire standardisé ne tient-elle pas qu’il n’y a d’acteur et d’activité dignes de ce nom qu’individuels ? Qu’un interviewé ne peut que répondre pour lui-même et en son nom propre ? Et qu’il est toujours « équipé » symboliquement pour le faire ? Cette communication se propose d’envisager l’éventualité, et d’analyser les effets, d’une telle rencontre entre les valeurs de la Personne et la méthodologie du questionnaire statistique.
Négocier son entrée dans l’Armée suisse
Authors: Monay Stéphanie 
Published: July 2021

Si l’institution militaire reste considérée comme un terrain fermé et opaque, elle n’est cependant pas inaccessible au chercheur ou à la chercheuse civil-e. Elle implique cependant une réflexion en amont sur les enjeux spécifiques qui conditionnent l’accès au terrain, ainsi qu’une adaptation permanente pour s’y maintenir. Dans le cadre d’une thèse portant sur la socialisation sexuée des femmes militaires engagées volontairement dans l’Armée suisse, cet article revient de manière concrète sur les différentes stratégies et pratiques de négociation mises en place afin d’accéder aux casernes et aux enquêtées. Il met également en lumière les différents obstacles et résistances rencontrés, ainsi que les concessions qui ont été nécessaires à la réalisation de la recherche. L’« art de convaincre » n’étant pas indépendant de la personne qui tente de l’appliquer, les tactiques ont dû prendre en compte ses caractéristiques sociales, à savoir une jeune femme accédant à un bastion encore fortement masculin. Cela a impliqué notamment la construction d’une crédibilité scientifique et militaire suffisante afin d’être prise au sérieux, tout en sachant paraître suffisamment « inoffensive » pour l’institution.
The Peer-to-Peer market for tourist accommodation in Latin America. Supply, Demand and Prices
Authors: Benítez-Aurioles Beatriz 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Providing empírica! evidence on the hosts, product and price farmation of the p2p market far tourist accommodation in faur Latin American cities, comparing results and highlighting its main characteristics with regards to consolidated tourist destinations.
Designlmethodology/approach: Data comes from a total of 53,836 listings scraped in mid-March 2019 ofthe listings on the Airbnb platfarm far the cities of Buenos Aires (Argentina), Mexico City (Mexico ), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) and Santiago (Chile) that are among the most visited in the world. The theoretical is based on an economic hedonic price regression model; and using variables measuring host and accommodation attributes, location, booking policy, number of reviews and amenities, identifies among those what determines supply, demand and pricing.
Findings: The p2p market in Latin America has a wide margin to continue growing and to configure itself as a professional market far the renta! of entire homes in the short term. There is high concentration of demand in a few accommodations. Relations between variables hint that hosts are not exploiting the full capacity to efficiently manage their accommodation prices. Ali this suggests that, in emerging markets, unlike in mature tourist destinations, the incorporation of specific elements, such as those related to equity and the distribution of added value, is pertinent in a global framework far the valuation of the social welfare generated by trade made through Airbnb.
Research limitationslimplications: The fact that the number of reviews has been used as a proxy is a limitation and adds a provisional character to our results and encourages the replication of our analysis with data on the effective occupation of the accommodation, to which we did not have access to in our case. Similarly, if possible, other smaller Latin American cities could be studied.
Practica/ implications: The differences detected in price farmation in faur Latin American cities with respect to previously analyzed consolidated destinations could suggest that, in certain regions, hosts are not taking full advantage of the potential of the market, which might be an opportunity far the propasa! of programs improving the management capacity of individual owners.
Social implications: Given the inequality detected across hosts, if a policy priority is a more equalitarian distribution of income that is brought by tourist rentals to locals, a system that allocates permits according to the criteria reflected by social preferences could be tested.
Originalitylvalue: This research represents the first analysis of the peer-to-peer market far tourist accommodation that takes as a reference severa! Latin American cities, with theoretical and practica! implications that could be extended to other emerging markets, paying special attention to the potential far the development of tourism and the distributional implications.
A Stochastic Model to Analyze and Predict Transmission Dynamics of Tuberculosis in Ede Kingdom of Osun State
Authors: Bashiru Kehinde Adekunle 
Published: July 2021

In this study the stochastic process model for estimating the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) infection in Ede kingdom (Ede North and Ede South Local Government Areas) of Osun State was carried out. The probability generating function approach was used to solve the associated birth process model to obtain the estimate of TB incidence. Also time series analysis was carried out using JMulti software to predict future incidence rate of the disease in the study area. Based on Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model, the autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation methods and a suitable model to forecast TB infection was obtained. The goodness of fit was measured using the Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC). Having satisfied all the model assumptions ARIMA (0,1,1) model with standard error, 6.37086 was found to be the best model for the forecast. It was observed that the forecasted series were close to the actual data series
Fluid Structure Interaction Analysis of Wind Turbine Rotor Blades Considering Different Temperatures and Rotation Velocities
Authors: K. Zezatti Flores Mayra , Castro Gómez Laura , Urquiza Gustavo 
Published: July 2021

Wind energy is the clean energy source that has had the highest installation growth worldwide. This energy uses the kinetic energy in the airflow currents to transform it into electrical energy through wind turbines. In this chapter, a rotor of a 2 MW of power wind turbine installed in Mexico is analyzed considering the wind velocity data and temperatures at each season of the year on the zone for the analysis in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD); subsequently, a Fluid–Structure Interaction (FSI) analysis was carried out to know the stress of the blades. The results show a relationship between temperature, air density, and power.
Microplastics and Environmental Health: Assessing Environmental Hazards in Haiti
Authors: St. Louis Daphenide , Apply Ammcise , Michel Daphnée , Emmanuel Evens 
Published: July 2021

Microplastics (MP) refer to all plastic particles that are less than 5 mm in size. Over the past decades, several studies have highlighted the impact of microplastics (MP) on living organisms. In addition to being pollutants themselves, these synthetic polymers also act as vectors for the transport of various types of chemicals in natural ecosystems. MP has been ubiquitously detected in a wide range of shapes, polymers, sizes and concentrations in marine water, freshwater, agroecosystems, atmospheric, food and water environments. Drinking water, biota, and other remote places. According to the World Bank, over 80% of the world’s marine litter is plastic and the concentration of litter on Caribbean beaches is often high, with a high presence of single-use plastics and food containers. In its work, the World Health Organization (WHO) suggests an in-depth assessment of microplastics present in the environment and their potential consequences on human health, following the publication of an analysis of the state of research on microplastics in drinking water. It also calls for reducing plastic pollution to protect the environment and reduce human exposure. In Haiti, the bay of Port-au-Prince is the natural receptacle of all the urban effluents generated by human activities in the Metropolitan Zone. This urban wastewater carries household waste, sludge from pit latrines and sewage, industrial wastewater which largely contributes to the pollution of the bay. Furthermore, 1,673,750 tonnes per year of household waste, including 93,730 tonnes of plastic waste, are not collected. What are the environmental dangers represented by the MP contained in those wastes for living organisms in exposed tropical ecosystems? The purpose of this paper is: (i) to do a bibliographical review of the physical and chemical properties, as well as the toxicological profile of MP, (ii) to identify the environmental hazards associated with MP contained in urban waste in the metropolitan area of Port-au-Prince.
COVID-19 and climate change: Challenges or opportunities for economic recovery
Authors: Markandya Anil , Mueller Alexander , Salcone Jacob , Thambi Simi , Hussain Salman 
Published: July 2021

The paper reviews the impact that COVID-19 has had on the ambitions of countries to meet the Paris Accord of reducing emissions to keep global temperature increases to below 2 ºC in this century. It notes that as nations recover from the crises, if no additional measures are taken, emissions of greenhouse gases will rise again and return to their old pathway as they did after previous crises. The paper proposes actions in the short and medium terms to build back differently this time and help meet the global climate challenge.
Energy Security and Nigeria’s Sustainable Development: SDG 2030 (7)
Authors: Ajao Kajogbola Rasaq , Adeogun Adeniyi Ganiyu , Ajimotokan Habeeb Adewale , Shuaib Mohammed Ajibola 
Published: July 2021

Over the years, affordable and sustainable energy has been regarded as the backbone of any country needed for the development of her social and economic sectors. Sustainable energy is vital to the production of goods and services, transport, agriculture, health as well as an instrument for politics, security, and diplomacy. Nigeria is regarded as one of the most populous countries in Africa and is blessed with rich and diverse energy resources. However, poor access to affordable and sustainable energy by a larger percentage of the population has become a norm in the past decades and this has constituted greatly to the poor economic and social development of the country. This paper provides a minireview of the different potentials of energy resources in the country, prospects, and challenges of achieving energy security in Nigeria by the year 2030 as detailed in the United Nations sustainable development goal (SDG: 2030). The paper also discussed recent efforts by the government of Nigeria in tackling the energy crisis bedeviling the country. Findings from the review showed that Nigeria is blessed with abundant energy resources. However, the government needs to be proactive in the implementation of some of the proposed actions such as having a clear policy direction on energy and inclusion of renewable energy sources into the energy mix and reduction in energy wastage in its stride towards meeting sustainable development goal (SDG: 7) by the year 2030.
Impact of Parental Involvement in Homework on Children’s learning
Authors: Chophel Tshering , Choeda Ugyen 
Published: July 2021

Our service as the principal in a very remote school under Mongar District evoked our conscience in realizing the impact of parental involvement in homework on children’s learning. Being in the farm with many daily chores and activities, the parents’ concern for children’s learning was left as a secondary option.
The parents have vital roles to play in the life of a child. The involvement of parents determines the future of the child, and the parental involvement was seen as a means to bridge the gap between the school and home. Family is the primary cell of society where the child's upbringing must begin since his birth.
The researcher used the qualitative approach and phenomenology as a research design. The study involved twelve interview participants, comprising of 3 principals, 3 teachers, 3 students and 3 parents from the participating schools in Yadi Cluster under Mongar District. The data were collected through the use of semi-structured interviews. The interviews were audio-taped, transcribed, and then analyzed using a thematic analysis approach, and compared to previous research gleaned from the extensive literature review.
The findings of the study reveal that there are contextual factors that contribute to less parental involvement in their children’s homework. There is a lack of parental care, especially in terms of academic support from parents in their children's learning in the remote setting of Bhutan. Basic education for parents is felt highly required to enable them to realize their support for their children in writing homework to perform better in the school. Non-formal Education (NFE) centers are recommended to be the platform to address the issues.
Design and Evaluation of Natamycin Nanocrystals Loaded In Situ Gel for Ophthalmic Administration
Authors: Das Roshni , Koland Marina , Sindhoor S. M. 
Published: July 2021

Background: Natamycin belongs to a large group of naturally occurring polyene antifungal antibiotics derived from Streptomyces natalensis. Natamycin has a restrictive pharmaceutical role because of its extremely low aqueous solubility, which severely reduces the bioavailability of the drug. To improve the absorption of the drug, nanocrystals of natamycin were prepared and incorporated into in situ gel.
Aim: To improve the solubility and absorption of natamycin nanocrystals by preparing nanocrystal in situ gel of natamycin for ophthalmic delivery
Methodology: Natamycin nanocrystal was prepared using Sono-Precipitation method. Box-Behnken approach was employed to assess the influence of independent variables, namely concentration of stabilizer, sonication time and amplitude on particle size and zeta potential of the prepared nanocrystal.
Optimized natamycin nanocrystal in situ gel formulations was characterized for various parameters like pH, viscosity, drug content, in vitro drug release and ex vivo permeation studies.
Results: The optimized formulation of natamycin nanocrystal with a particle size of 293.9nm and zeta potential -14.6mV was incorporated into in situ gels. The pH triggered in situ gel was prepared using Carbopol and Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)., which showed clear preparation, pH of the formulation was closed to the pH of tear fluid, i.e., 7.4, viscosity showed pseudoplastic behaviour with immediate gelation remained for an extended period, and the drug content was around 99.70%. From the characterizations given above, PF-4 was optimized and evaluated for In vitro drug release showing slow and sustained release when compared to the marketed formulation and followed first-order kinetics with the diffusion-controlled mechanism. Ex vivo permeation through goat's cornea of PF-4 showed better permeation than marketed formulation. The stability studies of PF-4 showed that formulation was stable at the appropriate condition.
Conclusion: Nanocrystals formulations of natamycin was successfully formulated and incorporated into in situ gels. Further in vivo studies need to be carried out for confirmation of pharmacological activity
Case Report on Management of Pregnancy in a Patient with Small Muscular Ventricular Septal Defect
Authors: Fating Lina 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Maternal morbidity and mortality during pregnancy is significantly associated with hypertensive disorders.
Patient history: A 33 years old female was admitted in AVBRH with chief complaint of breathing difficulty with G2P1A1L1 having 30 weeks of gestational age with previous LSCS and conception with small muscular ventricular septal defect, normal function and rhythm for the period of gestation.
Obstetric history: Patient had bad obstetric history of 1 induced abortion.
Clinical findings: The patient had undergone various investigations like blood tests, USG, Physical examination and antenatal per abdominal examination.
Medical Management: Patient was treated with calcium supplement and iron supplement. Nursing management: Administered fluid replacement i.e. DNS and RL, Foetal monitoring, hourly vital sign monitoring.
Conclusion: Timely treatment of Ventricular Small Muscular Septal Defect and Management in pregnancy improved the outcome of pregnancy.
Incidence and Risk Factors Associated with Post Tibial Plateau Fracture Deep Venous Thrombosis: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Qureshi Abdul Samad , Khan Dildar Ahmed , Ali Sikandar , Iqbal Mohammad Faheem 
Published: July 2021

Objective: The purpose behind this study was to determine the incidence and risk factors associated with post tibial plateau fracture deep venous thrombosis (DVT)
Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital, Indus Medical College & Hospital, Tando Muhammad Khan to recruit those patients who were undergoing orthopedic surgeries during the periods of eighteen months. All the adult patients of both gender planned for surgery due to tibial plateau fracture were enrolled under this study. Duplex ultrasound was performed to detect the presence of underlying postoperative DVT. Post-operatively patients were assessed for potential risk factors associated with higher incidence of DVT.
Results: For the final analysis, 344 patients were included among them majority were males (n = 219, 63.66%) with overall mean age and SD was 47.52±12.02 years. The most common cause of fracture was road traffic accident (n = 178, 51.74%). The overall incidence of post-operative DVT observed in our study was 9.30% (n = 32). Mean age 40.19±6.10 years, increased mean duration of operation 3.01±.078 hours, increased mean duration of post-hospitalization 18.49±7.37 days, raised mean WBC counts 20.12±5.64, and increased mean D-dimer levels 3.24±3.09 (laboratory cut off value 0.5mg/L) were significantly associated with higher incidence of DVT in patients operated for tibial plateau fractures.
Conclusion: This prospective analysis has identified the potential modifiable risk factors associated with DVT. Consideration should be given to the preventable and treatable risk factors to prevent from the DVT associated complications.