bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure‐Activity Relationship and Mode‐Of‐Action Studies Highlight 1‐(4‐Biphenylylmethyl)‐1H‐imidazole‐Derived Small Molecules as Potent CYP121 Inhibitors
Authors: Walter Isabell , Adam Sebastian , Gentilini Maria Virginia , Kany Andreas M. , Brengel Christian , Thomann Andreas , Sparwasser Tim , Köhnke Jesko , Hartmann Rolf W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCYP121 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is an essential target for the development of novel potent drugs against tuberculosis (TB). Besides known antifungal azoles, further compounds of the azole class were recently identified as CYP121 inhibitors with antimycobacterial activity. Herein, we report the screening of a similarity‐oriented library based on the former hit compound, the evaluation of affinity toward CYP121, and activity against M. bovis BCG. The results enabled a comprehensive SAR study, which was extended through the synthesis of promising compounds and led to the identification of favorable features for affinity and/or activity and hit compounds with 2.7‐fold improved potency. Mode of action studies show that the hit compounds inhibit substrate conversion and highlighted CYP121 as the main antimycobacterial target of our compounds. Exemplified complex crystal structures of CYP121 with three inhibitors reveal a common binding site. Engaging in both hydrophobic interactions as well as hydrogen bonding to the sixth iron ligand, our compounds block a solvent channel leading to the active site heme. Additionally, we report the first CYP inhibitors that are able to reduce the intracellular replication of M. bovis BCG in macrophages, emphasizing their potential as future drug candidates against TB.
Expanding the color gamut of inkjet textile printing during color matching
Authors: Hajipour Abbas , Shams‐Nateri Ali 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOne of the most important subjects of digital printing is evaluation of color gamut mapping. A printer can only reproduce colors that are in its color gamut. Maybe, a color tolerance between reference sample and printed sample is in agreement between manufacturer and customer. The goal of this work is to estimate the expansion of the color gamut of an inkjet textile printer by consideration of the acceptable (predetermined) color difference during color matching. For analyzing the color gamut, a standard color chart IT8.7/4‐2005 CMYK target was printed by nine different mixtures of CMYK, and then the reflectance spectra and colorimetric parameters of the printed samples were measured. The inks used were disperse water‐based inks that were printed on the polyester fabric. The maximum acceptable color difference in this study was equal to 2 CIELAB units for all colors. In order to estimate the color gamut with the maximum acceptable color difference, for all boundary points of gamut, expanded points were obtained by Euclidean distance less than = 2. The results show that when the acceptable color difference is considered in color gamut measuring, the area and volume of the color gamut are increased and so, the reproducibility of printer is increased. The maximum and minimum expansions of color gamut volumes were obtained by the mixtures with minimum and maximum color gamuts, respectively. The volume expansion of the mixture with the minimum color gamut volume was 34.20%, while the volume expansion of the mixture with the maximum color gamut volume was 28.06%.
Shame and binge eating pathology: A systematic review
Authors: O'Loghlen Elyse , Grant Sharon , Galligan Roslyn 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveShame is broadly implicated in the development and maintenance of eating pathology. However, the relationship between shame and binge eating symptoms specifically is less clear. This review aimed to clarify what types of shame are associated with binge eating symptoms and the antecedents and maintenance factors in these relationships.MethodA systematic search for quantitative and qualitative empirical studies was conducted to identify evidence of the relationship between shame and binge eating symptoms. Altogether, 270 articles were identified and screened for eligibility in the review.ResultsResults of the relevant empirical studies (n = 31) identified several types of shame associated with binge eating pathology: (i) internal shame, (ii) external shame, (iii) body shame and (iv) binge eating‐related shame, as well as several mechanisms and pathways through which shame was associated with binge eating symptoms.DiscussionDrawing from the research findings, this review presents an original, integrated model of the cyclical shame–binge eating relationship. Clinical interventions that might break this cycle are discussed, as well as methodological weaknesses which limit causal inferences and important areas of future research.
Low‐grade osteosarcoma is predominant in gnathic osteosarcomas: A report of seven cases of osteosarcoma of the jaw
Authors: Sasaki Aya , Miyashita Hidetaka , Kawaida Miho , Kameyama Kaori 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivePrimary osteosarcoma of the jaw bones is very rare, and histological features of gnathic osteosarcoma remain obscure. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinicopathological features of gnathic osteosarcoma.Materials and methodsSeven cases of gnathic osteosarcoma from Japan diagnosed during the period between 2000 and 2016 were examined retrospectively. The histology of the surgical pathology materials was reviewed by two pathologists. Clinical information was obtained from the hospital's information system.ResultsOf the seven cases, two patients had secondary osteosarcomas. As for the five cases of primary osteosarcoma, their ages ranged from 26 to 58 years (mean: 36.2, median: 28). Histologically, three cases were fibrotic tumors composed of spindle‐shaped cells with mild to moderate nuclear atypia and the collagenous stroma accompanied by woven bones or mature lamellar‐like bones. Two cases had cartilage formation. MDM2 and CDK4 expression was observed in two out of three cases on immunostaining. The histopathology of these three cases was regarded as the counterpart of low‐grade osteosarcomas, namely, parosteal osteosarcoma and low‐grade central osteosarcoma, arising in long bones.ConclusionsThe surprisingly high incidence (60%, 3/5 cases) of low‐grade osteosarcoma explains the reason why gnathic osteosarcomas present a more favorable prognosis than osteosarcomas arising in long bones. Furthermore, it provides insight into the tumorigenesis mechanism of low‐grade osteosarcomas arising in the jaw and other sites.
Identification of biomarkers complementary to homologous recombination deficiency for improving the clinical outcome of ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma
Authors: Shi Zhiwen , Zhao Qingguo , Lv Bin , Qu Xinyu , Han Xiao , Wang Hongyan , Qiu Junjun , Hua Keqin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOvarian cancer patients with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) tumors would benefit from PARP inhibitor (PARPi) therapy. However, patients with HRD tumors account for less than 50% of the whole cohort, so new biomarkers still need to be developed. Based on the data from the SNP array and somatic mutation profiles in the ovarian cancer genome, we found that high frequency of actionable mutations existed in patients with non‐HRD tumors. Through transcriptome analysis, we identified that a downstream target of the cGAS‐STING pathway, CXCL11, was upregulated in HRD tumors and could be used as a predictor of survival outcome. Further comprehensive analysis of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) revealed that CXCL11 expression signature was closely correlated with cytotoxic cells, neoantigen load and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Clinical trial data confirmed that the expression of CXCL11 could be used as a biomarker for anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 therapy. Finally, in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that cancer cells with PARPi treatment increased the expression of CXCL11. Collectively, our study not only provides biomarkers of ovarian cancer complementary to the HRD score but also introduces a potential new perspective for identifying prognostic biomarkers of immunotherapy.
Potential of peptide‐engineered exosomes with overexpressed miR‐92b‐3p in anti‐angiogenic therapy of ovarian cancer
Authors: Wang Jiaying , Wang Conghui , Li Yang , Li Mingyue , Zhu Tingjia , Shen Zhangjin , Wang Hui , Lv Weiguo , Wang Xinyu , Cheng Xiaodong , Xie Xing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionExosomal microRNA (miRNA) as a mediator of intercellular communication plays an essential part in tumor‐relevant angiogenesis. Therapy against angiogenesis has been demonstrated to have a remarkable antitumor efficacy in various malignancies, but not as expected in ovarian cancer.MethodsExosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation. Exosomal miRNA sequencing and gene function experiments were used to identify the differential expressed miRNAs in exosomes and their mRNA targets. SKOV3 cell line that stably overexpressed miR‐92b‐3p was constructed by lentivirus. In vitro, angiogenesis was analyzed by tube formation assay and migration assay. The angiogenic and antitumor effects in vivo were assessed in zebrafish and nude mouse models. Combination index was calculated to assess the synergetic inhibition of angiogenesis between miR‐92b‐3p and Apatinib. Peptides were conjugated with exosomal membranes to obtain engineered exosomes.ResultsOvarian cancer cell‐derived exosomes facilitated the angiogenesis and migration capability of vascular endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo. The expression of miR‐92b‐3p was much lower in ovarian cancer cell‐derived exosomes than that in immortalized ovarian epithelial cell‐derived exosomes. The exosomal miR‐92b‐3p modulated tumor‐associated angiogenesis via targeting SOX4. Besides, Peptide‐engineered exosomes with overexpressed miR‐92b‐3p showed the stronger abilities of anti‐angiogenesis and antitumor than parental exosomes, whether alone or combined with Apatinib.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate the effect and mechanism of exosomal miR‐92b‐3p from ovarian cancer cells on tumor‐associated angiogenesis and the potential of artificially generated exosomes with overexpressed miR‐92b‐3p to be used as anti‐angiogenic agent, which may provide a new approach for anti‐angiogenic therapy of ovarian cancer.
Large area used by squirrel gliders in an urban area, uncovered using GPS telemetry
Authors: Meyer Ninon F. V. , King John‐Paul , Mahony Michael , Clulow John , Beranek Chad , Reedman Callum , Balkenhol Niko , Hayward Matt W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe squirrel glider (Petaurus norfolcensis) is a threatened, gliding marsupial that persists in fragmented landscapes despite its restricted capacity to cross large gaps. As measures to maintain and/or restore suitable habitat depend on knowledge about the species' ecological requirements, we investigated the area used by squirrel gliders in an urban area near Newcastle, Australia. Using GPS telemetry data and the autocorrelated kernel density estimator, we estimated area used to average 10.8 ha and varied from 4.6 to 15 ha, which is equal to or greater than found in previous studies that spanned longer time periods. This has implications when identifying the minimum patch size necessary for ensuring the long‐term conservation of a squirrel glider population.
Heart Failure Association of the ESC, Heart Failure Society of America and Japanese Heart Failure Society Position statement on endomyocardial biopsy
Authors: Seferović Petar M. , Tsutsui Hiroyuki , McNamara Dennis M. , Ristić Arsen D. , Basso Cristina , Bozkurt Biykem , Cooper Leslie T. , Filippatos Gerasimos , Ide Tomomi , Inomata Takayuki , Klingel Karin , Linhart Aleš , Lyon Alexander R. , Mehra Mandeep R. , Polovina Marija , Milinković Ivan , Nakamura Kazufumi , Anker Stefan D. , Veljić Ivana , Ohtani Tomohito , Okumura Takahiro , Thum Thomas , Tschöpe Carsten , Rosano Giuseppe , Coats Andrew J.S. , Starling Randall C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEndomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is an invasive procedure, globally most often used for the monitoring of heart transplant (HTx) rejection. In addition, EMB can have an important complementary role to the clinical assessment in establishing the diagnosis of diverse cardiac disorders, including myocarditis, cardiomyopathies, drug‐related cardiotoxicity, amyloidosis, other infiltrative and storage disorders, and cardiac tumours. Improvements in EMB equipment and the development of new techniques for the analysis of EMB samples have significantly improved diagnostic precision of EMB. The present document is the result of the Trilateral Cooperation Project between the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, the Heart Failure Society of America, and the Japanese Heart Failure Society. It represents an expert consensus aiming to provide a comprehensive, up‐to‐date perspective on EMB, with a focus on the following main issues: (i) an overview of the practical approach to EMB, (ii) an update on indications for EMB, (iii) a revised plan for HTx rejection surveillance, (iv) the impact of multimodality imaging on EMB, and (v) the current clinical practice in the worldwide use of EMB.
Maintenance of quiescent immune memory in the bone marrow
Authors: Chang Hyun‐Dong , Radbruch Andreas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe adaptive immune system has the important ability to generate and maintain a memory for antigens once encountered. Recent progress in understanding the organization of immunological memory has challenged the established paradigm of maintenance of memory by restless, circulating, and “homeostatically” proliferating lymphocytes. Among other tissues, the bone marrow has emerged as a preferred resting place for memory lymphocytes providing both local and systemic long‐term protection. Why the bone marrow? There, mesenchymal stromal cells provide a privileged environment for quiescent memory B and T lymphocytes, the protagonists of secondary immune reactions, and for memory plasma cells providing persistent humoral immunity. In this review, we discuss the dedicated role of the bone marrow for the maintenance of memory lymphocytes and its implications for immunological memory.
Fundamental Basis for Implementing Oxidant‐Free Au(I)/Au(III) Catalysis
Authors: Font Pau , Ribas Xavi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOxidant‐free Au(I)/Au(III) catalysis can still be regarded as a young and promising chemistry. Because the first examples of gold catalysis were limited to the activation and functionalization of π‐C−C bonds and very little was known on fundamental organometallic transformations at gold, countless works during the past 15 years have been devoted to disclosing the elementary reactivity of gold and implementing it in catalysis. Remarkably, great emphasis on triggering oxidative addition at Au(I) has been placed, as the high redox potential of the Au(I)/Au(III) pair disfavors this reaction. In fact, different strategies such as strain release, ligand design and photochemistry have been proven successful at allowing the bottleneck oxidative addition to occur. These approaches have led to the rational development of oxidant‐free Au(I)/Au(III) redox catalysis, particularly catalytic cycles in cross‐coupling transformations where oxidative addition is usually the entry point to the cycle. Herein, the background story, the development process, and relevant examples of oxidant‐free gold‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions are reviewed.
Aerobic Visible‐Light Induced Intermolecular S−N Bond Construction: Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Thiadiazoles from Thioamides under Photosensitizer‐Free Conditions
Authors: Zhuo Liang , Xie Shihua , Wang Hui , Zhu Hongjun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAerobic visible‐light induced intermolecular S−N bond construction has been achieved without the addition of photosensitizer, metal, or base. With this strategy, 1,2,4‐thiadiazoles can be obtained from thioamides. Preliminary mechanistic investigation suggested that the excited state of thioamides undergoes a single‐electron‐transfer (SET) process to afford thioamidyl radicals, which can be further transformed into a 1,2,4‐thiadiazole through desulfurization and oxidative cyclization. The reaction has good functional group tolerance and represents a green method for the construction of S−N bonds.
Empathy as a predictor of high‐quality interpersonal apologies
Authors: Schumann Karina , Dragotta Anna 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIf left unresolved, interpersonal offenses can poison people's relationships. Fortunately, transgressors can promote reconciliation with the victim by offering comprehensive and non‐defensive apologies. What predicts whether transgressors go the extra mile to offer these high‐quality apologies? In Study 1 (N = 289), participants who reported greater state empathy toward their romantic partner offered more comprehensive and less defensive apologies for an unresolved offense they had committed. In Study 2 (N = 150), participants who reported greater state empathy toward a friend offered more comprehensive and less defensive apologies for an imagined offense. In Study 3 (N = 251), participants who were experimentally induced to experience high (vs. low) empathy offered more comprehensive apologies for unresolved transgressions across a variety of relationship types. These studies are the first to provide experimental and behavioral evidence of the empathy–apology link, and suggest that fostering empathy might be a powerful way to promote more constructive conflict responses in interpersonal relationships.
Porous foams and nanofluids for thermal performance improvement of a direct absorption solar collector: An experimental study
Authors: Hooshmand Alireza , Zahmatkesh Iman , Karami Maryam , Delfani Shahram 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this study, attention is focused to examine experimentally how utilization of porous foams, as well as nanofluids, may improve thermal performance of a residential–type direct absorption solar collector (DASC). The experiments are undertaken for SiC ceramic as the porous foam and SiC–water suspension as the nanofluid. Three levels are chosen for the reduced temperature difference, the porous foam, and the volumetric flowrate while four levels are selected for the nanoparticle concentration. To determine the relative importance of each of the involved parameters on thermal efficiency of the DASC, an ANOVA is undertaken. The best thermal performance is achieved in a case having both the metal foam and the nanoparticles. The maximum rises in thermal efficiency due to the insertion of the porous foam and the inclusion of the nanoparticles are recorded to be 14% and 37%, respectively. However, it is found that the volumetric flowrate is the dominant parameter in this system in a way that the inclusion of the porous foam or the nanoparticles deteriorates its role. Comparison of the results of the two porous foams demonstrates that the foam having higher porosity and pore density leads to higher thermal efficiency.
Detection, treatment, and course of eating disorders in Finland: A population‐based study of adolescent and young adult females and males
Authors: Silén Yasmina , Sipilä Pyry N. , Raevuori Anu , Mustelin Linda , Marttunen Mauri , Kaprio Jaakko , Keski‐Rahkonen Anna 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe assessed the detection, treatment and outcomes of DSM‐5 eating disorders in a nationwide community setting.MethodThe FinnTwin12 cohort comprises twins born in 1983–1987 in Finland (n = 5,600), with follow‐up starting at age 12. We outline treatment and outcomes of the 127 females and 15 males diagnosed with a lifetime DSM‐5 eating disorder in interviews conducted for a subsample (n = 1,347) in their early 20s.ResultsOnly 45 (32%) of those diagnosed with eating disorder in the interviews had their condition detected in healthcare, and even fewer received treatment (30% of females, 13% of males). Anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa, and atypical AN were detected and treated more often than other eating disorders. Five years after disease onset, 41% of those diagnosed had recovered. There were no statistically significant differences in the course of different eating disorders (log‐rank p = 0.66) but the outcome was more favourable among males (log‐rank p = 0.008). The likelihood of 5‐year recovery did not differ between those who had and who had not received treatment (41.1% vs. 40.5%, log‐rank p = 0.66).ConclusionAlthough eating disorders are common and symptoms are persistent for many, they remain under‐diagnosed and under‐treated. In real‐world settings, effectiveness of provided treatments may be limited.
Simulating the role of tides and sediment characteristics on tidal flat sorting and bedding dynamics
Authors: Zhou Zeng , Liu Qian , Fan Daidu , Coco Giovanni , Gong Zheng , Möller Iris , Xu Fan , Townend Ian , Zhang Changkuan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUnderstanding sediment sorting and bedding dynamics has high value to unravelling the mechanisms underlying geomorphological, geological, ecological and environmental imprints of tidal wetlands and hence to predicting their future changes. Using the Nanhui tidal flat on the Changjiang (Yangtze) Delta, China, as a reference site, this study establishes a schematized morphodynamic model coupling flow, sediment dynamics and bed level change to explore the processes that govern sediment sorting and bedding phenomena. Model results indicate an overall agreement with field data in terms of tidal current velocities, suspended sediment concentrations (SSCs), deposition thicknesses and sedimentary structures. Depending on the variation of tidal current strength, sand‐dominated layers (SDLs) and mud‐dominated layers (MDLs) tend to form during spring and neap tides, respectively. Thinner tidal couplets are developed during daily scale flood–ebb variations. A larger tidal level variation during a spring–neap tidal cycle, associated with a stronger tidal current variation, favours the formation of SDLs and tidal couplets. A larger boundary sediment supply generally promotes the formation of tidal bedding, though the bedding detail is partially dependent on the SSC composition of different sediment types. Sediment properties, including for example grain size and settling velocity, are also found to influence sediment sorting and bedding characteristics. In particular, finer and coarser sediment respond differently to spring and neap tides. During neap tides, relatively small flow velocities favour the deposition of finer sediment, with limited coarser sediment being transported to the upper tidal flat because of the larger settling velocity. During spring tides, larger flow velocities transport more coarser sediment to the upper tidal flat, accounting for distinct lamination formation. Model results are qualitatively consistent with field observations, but the role of waves, biological processes and alongshore currents needs to be included in further studies to establish a more complete understanding.