bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of an electronic food intake tool and its usability and efficacy in the healthcare setting
Authors: Maunder Kirsty , Marshall Kathryn , Syed Kainaat , Smilevska Sara , Beck Eleanor , Mak May , Barrington Vicki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAccurate dietary intake data are critical to nutrition care planning. Commonly used food record charts (FRC) are paper‐based, time consuming, require nutrient analysis estimations, and may provide limited accuracy. The present study aimed to validate Mobile Intake® (MI) (an electronic food intake tool incorporating the five‐point visual scale and providing automatic nutrient analysis) for usability and efficacy in quantifying dietary intake in the healthcare setting.MethodsTwo research stages within two tertiary hospitals included: (1) examining criterion validity and efficiency of dietary intake quantification using FRC and MI compared to the gold standard weighed food record (WFR) in a controlled environment and (2) comparing efficiency and effectiveness of FRC and MI in usual care conditions.ResultsIn Stage 1, dietary intake was calculated (n = 90) with a significant difference across all methods (FRC, MI and WFR) for energy (p = 0.04), but not between MI and WFR (p = 1.00). The time taken for MI (40 s) was significantly less than FRC (174 s) and WFR (371 s) (p < 001). In Stage 2, dietary intake was determined (n = 210) using FRC and MI. Sufficient data to complete dietary analysis were available for 35% of meals from FRC compared to 98% from MI. Calculated mean daily energy intake (4764 ± 1432 kJ vs. 6636 ± 2519 kJ, p = 0.002) and mean daily protein intake (62.9 ± 12.7 g vs. 78.5 ± 22.2 g, p = 0.007) were significantly lower with FRC compared to MI. Average time to complete MI was 14.4 seconds.ConclusionsMI demonstrates efficacy as an accurate measure of dietary intake compared to WFR, as well as usability, providing faster, more accurate and comprehensive real‐time intake data in practice than FRC.
Indefinite Objects in Micro‐variation. A Cross‐linguistic Analysis of the Distribution of Partitives Articles, Bare Nominals and Definite Determiners in Northern Italy*
Authors: Pinzin Francesco , Poletto Cecilia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis contribution focuses on indefinite arguments in object position. We address this topic from the point of view of the crosslinguistic variation within the Romance continuum, especially looking at Northern Italian Dialects (NIDs). The target is to describe the distribution of the different possible realizations of this kind of arguments in this area by means of an in‐depth analysis of the data coming from the ASIt database and from three new fieldwork sessions. We show that the microvariation attested in this area reflects and refines the “macro” variation attested among the major Romance languages. The fine‐grained picture that can be drawn from a closer look to a set of minimally varying languages helps crosslinguistic comparison and, consequently, the modeling of more precise analyses.
Transcontinental polygyny, migration and hegemonic masculinity in Guinea‐Bissau and the Gambia
Authors: Brzezińska Magdalena 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the context of transnational migration, many non‐migrant men in Guinea‐Bissau and The Gambia postulate a ‘transcontinental’ version of polygyny, wishing to have one wife in Europe and another in Africa. Such claims are made among competing notions of love based on romantic intimacy and monogamy. This article explores the ways in which people rationalise polygyny in transnational marriage, based on the notion of hegemonic masculinity. Whereas hegemonic masculinity is an ideal asserted discursively, through persuasion, and relies on common consent, some migrant men resort to the strategy of keeping the African wife secret from the European wife—they are only able to assert a ‘one‐sided hegemonic masculinity’ in transnational marriage. Ultimately, global economic inequalities and the demand for labour migration characteristic of contemporary neoliberal globalisation counter the trend towards romantic intimacy, necessitating transnational family forms and favouring polygyny.
Paleontological postage stamps in art and education
Authors: Lipps Jere H. , Vartak Ajit , Van Eijden Ton , Rajshekhar C. , Vaddadi Sudha , Vartak Rohit 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Postage stamps are small works of art seen by people worldwide that can be used effectively in education. The first paleontological stamp was released by India in 1951. Since then, over 4000 stamps with fossils, paleontologists, museums, and collecting sites have been issued by almost 200 countries. Stamps that illustrate fossils or reconstructions are intrinsically interesting and popular with many of the millions of stamp collectors. All disciplines of paleontology are represented, but dinosaurs are by far the most common subject, although even bacteria appear on a few stamps. Most of the stamps were scientifically accurate at the time they were issued though some artists took artistic liberties to fashion unique stamps. Overall, the stamps are artistic and educational because their small sizes and low cost make them easily accessible for classroom activities, exhibits, and presentations. They cover topics such as biodiversity, geology, ecology, oceanography, and evolution, among others. Paleophilately has provided art, education, joy, and happiness to people worldwide.
Primary slow-coagulation transscleral cyclophotocoagulation laser treatment for medically recalcitrant neovascular glaucoma
Authors: Khodeiry Mohamed M , Lauter Alison J , Sayed Mohamed S , Han Ying , Lee Richard K 
Published: November 2021

AimsTo report treatment outcomes of slow-coagulation continuous-wave transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCPC) as an initial surgical intervention in patients with neovascular glaucoma (NVG).MethodsA retrospective study including 53 patients (mean age of 69.6±16.6 years and mean follow-up of 12.7±8.9 months) with a diagnosis of NVG and no previous incisional glaucoma or cyclophotocoagulation surgeries. All patients underwent slow-coagulation continuous-wave TSCPC (1250-milliwatt power and 4-second duration).Primary outcome measure was surgical success defined as an intraocular pressure (IOP) from 6 to 21 mm Hg with a reduction ≥20% from baseline, no reoperation for glaucoma and no loss of light perception vision. Secondary outcome measures include IOP, glaucoma medications, visual acuity (VA) and complications.ResultsIOP decreased from 40.7±8.6 mm Hg preoperatively to 18.4±12.2 mm Hg postoperatively (p<0.001). The preoperative number of glaucoma medications dropped from 3.3±1.1 at baseline to 2.0±1.5 at the last postoperative visit (p<0.001). The cumulative probabilities of success at 12 and 24 months were 71.7% and 64.2 %, respectively. Mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution VA was relatively unchanged from 2.27±0.63 to 2.25±0.66 at the last follow-up visit (p=0.618). The most common observed complications were decrease in baseline VA (13.2%) and anterior chamber inflammation (9.4%).ConclusionsSlow-coagulation TSCPC is an effective and relatively safe initial surgical intervention in medically uncontrolled NVG.
Growth patterns by sex and age among under-5 children from 87 low-income and middle-income countries
Authors: Costa Janaína Calu , Blumenberg Cauane , Victora Cesar 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionAlthough boys tend to be more affected by linear growth faltering than girls, little is known about sex differences across distinct age groups. We aimed to compare sex differences in linear growth throughout the first 5 years of life among children from low-income and middle-income countries.MethodsWe analysed 87 cross-sectional Demographic and Health Surveys and Multiple Cluster Indicator Surveys (2010–2019). Growth was expressed as height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) based on the 2006 WHO Growth Standards. Sex-specific means were estimated for each country and results were pooled through random-effects meta-analysis for all children and by 12-month age groups. Using linear regression, we assessed the association between sex differences in HAZ and gross domestic product as a proxy for national economic development.ResultsBoys presented lower mean HAZ than girls in the first 30 months. Sex differences were mostly absent between 30 and 45 months, and in several countries, girls had lower HAZ at ages over 45 months. The pooled sex difference (boys minus girls) for the whole sample was −0.10 (95% CI −0.12 to −0.08). The difference was −0.17 (95% CI −0.20 to −0.14) at 0–11 months and −0.22 (95% CI −0.25 to −0.19) at 12–23 months. This was followed by a narrowing of the sex gap to −0.10 (95% CI −0.13 to −0.07) and −0.04 (95% CI −0.07 to −0.01) among children aged 24–35 and 36–47 months, respectively. At 48–59 months, there was evidence of female disadvantage; the mean height-for-age of boys was 0.02 (95% CI 0.00 to 0.05) SDs higher than for girls. Ecological analyses showed that in all age groups, male disadvantage decreased with increasing national income, and this was no longer present for the 4-year-old children, particularly in wealthier countries.ConclusionMale disadvantage in linear growth is most evident in the first years, but by the age of 4 years, the sex gap has mostly disappeared, and in some countries, the gap has been reversed.
Abdominal Aortic Junctional Tourniquet - Stabilized (AAJTS) can be applied both successfully and rapidly by Combat Medical Technicians (CMTs)
Authors: Smith Thomas Nicholas , Beaven A , Handford C , Sellon E , Parker P J 
Published: November 2021

Background‘Non-compressible’ haemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable battlefield death, often requiring surgical or radiological intervention, which is precluded in the pre-hospital environment. One-fifth of such bleeds are junctional and therefore potentially survivable. We examine the use of the Abdominal Aortic Junctional Tourniquet - Stabilized (AAJTS) among UK Combat Medical Technicians (CMTs) as a device to control junctional haemorrhage with external compression of the abdominal aorta—compression of junctional haemorrhage previously considered ‘non-compressible.’ This follows animal studies showing that the AAJTS achieves control of haemorrhage and improves physiological parameters.MethodsCMTs were selected and applied the AAJTS to each other following a 1-hour training package. A consultant radiologist-operated hand-held ultrasound monitored flow changes in the subjects’ common femoral artery. CMTs were then surveyed for their opinions as to utility and function.Results21 CMTs were screened and 17 CMTs participated with 34 total applications (16 day and 18 low-light). 27/34 (79%) achieved a successful application. The median application time was 75 s in daylight and 57 s in low-light conditions. There was no significant difference in Body Mass Index (p=0.23), median systolic blood pressure (p=0.19), nor class of CMT (p=0.10) between successful and unsuccessful applications. Higher systolic blood pressure was associated with longer application times (p=0.03). Users deemed the device easy to use (median score 4.4 on a 5-point Likert scale).ConclusionCMTs can use AAJTS successfully after a 1-hour training session in the majority of applications. Application was successful in both daylight and low-light conditions. Self-reported usability ratings were high.
Core outcome set for preventive intervention trials in chronic and episodic migraine (COSMIG): an international, consensus-derived and multistakeholder initiative
Authors: Haywood Kirstie , Potter Rachel , Froud Robert , Pearce Gemma , Box Barbara , Muldoon Lynne , Lipton Richard , Petrou Stavros , Rendas-Baum Regina , Logan Anne-Marie , Stewart Kimberley , Underwood Martin , Matharu Manjit 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveTypically, migraine prevention trials focus on reducing migraine days. This narrow focus may not capture all that is important to people with migraine. Inconsistency in outcome selection across trials limits the potential for data pooling and evidence synthesis. In response, we describe the development of core outcome set for migraine (COSMIG).DesignA two-stage approach sought to achieve international, multistakeholder consensus on both the core domain set and core measurement set. Following construction of a comprehensive list of outcomes, expert panellists (patients, healthcare professionals and researchers) completed a three-round electronic-Delphi study to support a reduction and prioritisation of core domains and outcomes. Participants in a consensus meeting finalised the core domains and methods of assessment. All stages were overseen by an international core team, including patient research partners.ResultsThere was a good representation of patients (episodic migraine (n=34) and chronic migraine (n=42)) and healthcare professionals (n=33) with high response and retention rates. The initial list of domains and outcomes was reduced from >50 to 7 core domains for consideration in the consensus meeting, during which a 2-domain core outcome set was agreed.ConclusionInternational and multistakeholder consensus emerged to describe a two-domain core outcome set for reporting research on preventive interventions for chronic and episodic migraine: migraine-specific pain and migraine-specific quality of life. Intensity of migraine pain assessed with an 11-point Numerical Rating Scale and the frequency as the number of headache/migraine days over a specified time period. Migraine-specific quality of life assessed using the Migraine Functional Impact Questionnaire.
Factors associated with attendance at screening for breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mottram Rebecca , Knerr Wendy Lynn , Gallacher Daniel , Fraser Hannah , Al-Khudairy Lena , Ayorinde Abimbola , Williamson Sian , Nduka Chidozie , Uthman Olalekan A , Johnson Samantha , Tsertsvadze Alexander , Stinton Christopher , Taylor-Phillips Sian , Clarke Aileen 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveAttendance at population-based breast cancer (mammographic) screening varies. This comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis assesses all identified patient-level factors associated with routine population breast screening attendance.DesignCINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, OVID, PsycINFO and Web of Science were searched for studies of any design, published January 1987–June 2019, and reporting attendance in relation to at least one patient-level factor.Data synthesisIndependent reviewers performed screening, data extraction and quality appraisal. OR and 95% CIs were calculated for attendance for each factor and random-effects meta-analysis was undertaken where possible.ResultsOf 19 776 studies, 335 were assessed at full text and 66 studies (n=22 150 922) were included. Risk of bias was generally low. In meta-analysis, increased attendance was associated with higher socioeconomic status (SES) (n=11 studies; OR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.20 to 1.75); higher income (n=5 studies; OR 1.96, 95% CI: 1.68 to 2.29); home ownership (n=3 studies; OR 2.16, 95% CI: 2.08 to 2.23); being non-immigrant (n=7 studies; OR 2.23, 95% CI: 2.00 to 2.48); being married/cohabiting (n=7 studies; OR 1.86, 95% CI: 1.58 to 2.19) and medium (vs low) level of education (n=6 studies; OR 1.24, 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.41). Women with previous false-positive results were less likely to reattend (n=6 studies; OR 0.77, 95% CI: 0.68 to 0.88). There were no differences by age group or by rural versus urban residence.ConclusionsAttendance was lower in women with lower SES, those who were immigrants, non-homeowners and those with previous false-positive results. Variations in service delivery, screening programmes and study populations may influence findings. Our findings are of univariable associations. Underlying causes of lower uptake such as practical, physical, psychological or financial barriers should be investigated.Trial registration numberCRD42016051597.
Validity and reliability of the Swedish Functional Health Literacy scale and the Swedish Communicative and Critical Health Literacy scale in patients undergoing bariatric surgery in Sweden: a prospective psychometric evaluation study
Authors: Jaensson Maria , Stenberg Erik , Liang Yuli , Nilsson Ulrica , Dahlberg Karuna 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesThe aim was to psychometrically test and evaluate the Swedish functional health literacy scale and the Swedish communicative and critical health literacy scale in patients undergoing bariatric surgery.DesignA prospective cross-sectional psychometric study.SettingPatients from three bariatric centres in Sweden were consecutively included in this study.ParticipantsA total of 704 patients undergoing bariatric surgery filled in the questionnaires preoperatively. Inclusion criteria were scheduled for primary bariatric surgery (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy) and greater than 17 years, proficiency in Swedish.Primary and secondary measuresPsychometric outcomes of the Swedish Functional Health Literacy scale and the Swedish Communicative and Critical Health Literacy scale.ResultsThere was a higher proportion of females (74.4%, n=523) to males (25.6%, n=180). The mean age was 42 years (SD 11.5). Limited functional health literacy and limited communicative and critical health literacy (including both inadequate and problematic health literacy) was reported in 55% (n=390) and 40% (n=285), respectively. Cronbach alpha for the Swedish Functional Health Literacy scale was α=0.86 and for the Swedish Communicative and Critical Health Literacy scale, α=0.87. Construct validity showed weak to negative correlations between the Swedish Functional Health Literacy scale and income, education and SF-36/RAND36 summary scores. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a one-factor solution for the Swedish Functional Health Literacy scale and a two-factor solution for the Swedish Communicative and Critical Health Literacy scale.ConclusionsThe Swedish Functional Health Literacy scale and the Swedish Communicative and Critical Health Literacy scale are valid and reliable to use for patients undergoing bariatric surgery in a Swedish context. Measuring dimensions of health literacy can be used as a guide for the development of health literacy friendly patient information in patients undergoing bariatric surgery.
Improved COVID-19 outcomes in a large non-invasive respiratory support cohort despite emergence of the alpha variant
Authors: Turnbull Chris D , Porter Benedict M L , Evans Sarah B , Smith Oliver , Lardner Rachel , Hallifax Robert , Bettinson Henry V , Talbot Nicholas P , Bafadhel Mona , Rahman Najib M , Petousi Nayia 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionRespiratory high-dependency units (rHDUs) are used to manage respiratory failure in COVID-19 outside of the intensive care unit (ICU). The alpha variant of COVID-19 has been linked to increased rates of mortality and admission to ICU; however, its impact on a rHDU population is not known. We aimed to compare rHDU outcomes between the two main UK waves of COVID-19 infection and evaluate the impact of the alpha variant on second wave outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a single-centre, retrospective analysis of all patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 admitted to the rHDU of our teaching hospital for respiratory support during the first and second main UK waves.ResultsIn total, 348 patients were admitted to rHDU. In the second wave, mortality (26.7% s vs 50.7% first wave, χ2=14.7, df=1, p=0.0001) and intubation rates in those eligible (24.3% s vs 58.8% first wave, χ2=17.3, df=2, p=0.0002) were improved compared with the first wave. In the second wave, the alpha variant had no effect on mortality (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.60 to 2.32, p=0.64). Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) (89.5%) and awake proning (85.6%) were used in most patients in the second wave.DiscussionOur single-centre experience shows that rHDU mortality and intubation rates have improved over time in spite of the emergence of the alpha variant. Our data support the use of CPAP and awake proning, although improvements in outcome are likely to be multifactorial.
Adherence to protective measures among healthcare workers in the UK: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Smith Louise E , Serfioti Danai , Weston Dale , Greenberg Neil , Rubin G James 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundHealthcare workers (HCWs) are frontline responders to emergency infectious disease outbreaks such as COVID-19. To avoid the rapid spread of disease, adherence to protective measures is paramount. We investigated rates of correct use of personal protective equipment (PPE), hand hygiene and physical distancing in UK HCWs who had been to their workplace at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic and factors associated with adherence.MethodsWe used an online cross-sectional survey of 1035 UK healthcare professionals (data collected 12–16 June 2020). We excluded those who had not been to their workplace in the previous 6 weeks, leaving us with a sample size of 831. Respondents were asked about their use of PPE, hand hygiene and physical distancing in the workplace. Frequency of uptake was reported descriptively; adjusted logistic regressions were used to separately investigate factors associated with adherence to use of PPE, maintaining good hand hygiene and physical distancing from colleagues.ResultsAdherence to personal protective measures was suboptimal (PPE use: 80.0%, 95% CI 77.3 to 82.8; hand hygiene: 67.8%, 95% CI 64.6 to 71.0; coming into close contact with colleagues: 74.7%, 95% CI 71.7 to 77.7). Adherence to PPE use was associated with having received training about health and safety in the workplace for COVID-19, greater perceived social pressure to adopt the behaviour and availability of PPE. Non-adherence was associated with fatalism about COVID-19 and greater perceived difficulty of adopting protective measures. Workplace design using markings to facilitate distancing was associated with adherence to physical distancing.ConclusionsUptake of personal protective behaviours among UK HCWs at the start of the pandemic was variable. Factors associated with adherence provide insight into ways to support HCWs to adopt personal protective behaviours, such as ensuring that adequate PPE is available and designing workplaces to facilitate physical distancing.