Multi-wavelength study of OT 081: broadband modelling of a transitional blazar
Authors:   MAGIC Collaboration:, Abe H , Abe S , Acciari V A , Agudo I , Aniello T , Ansoldi S , Antonelli L A , Engels A Arbet , Arcaro C , Artero M , Asano K , Baack D , Babić A , Baquero A , de Almeida U Barres , Batković I , Baxter J , Bernardini E , Bernardos M , Bernete J , Berti A , Bigongiari C , Biland A , Blanch O , Bonnoli G , Bošnjak Ž , Burelli I , Busetto G , Campoy-Ordaz A , Carosi A , Carosi R , Carretero-Castrillo M , Castro-Tirado A J , Chai Y , Cifuentes A , Cikota S , Colombo E , Contreras J L , Cortina J , Covino S , D’Amico G , D’Elia V , Da Vela P , Dazzi F , De Angelis A , De Lotto B , Del Popolo A , Delfino M , Delgado J , Mendez C Delgado , Depaoli D , Di Pierro F , Di Venere L , Prester D Dominis , Donini A , Dorner D , Doro M , Elsaesser D , Emery G , Escudero J , Fariña L , Fattorini A , Foffano L , Font L , Fukami S , Fukazawa Y , López R J García , Gasparyan S , Gaug M , Paiva J G Giesbrecht , Giglietto N , Giordano F , Gliwny P , Grau R , Green J G , Hadasch D , Hahn A , Heckmann L , Herrera J , Hrupec D , Hütten M , Imazawa R , Inada T , Iotov R , Ishio K , Martínez I Jiménez , Jormanainen J , Kerszberg D , Kluge G W , Kobayashi Y , Kubo H , Kushida J , Lezáun M Láinez , Lamastra A , Leone F , Lindfors E , Linhoff L , Lombardi S , Longo F , López-Moya M , López-Oramas A , Loporchio S , Lorini A , de Oliveira Fraga B Machado , Majumdar P , Makariev M , Maneva G , Mang N , Manganaro M , Mangano S , Mannheim K , Mariotti M , Martínez M , Mas-Aguilar A , Mazin D , Menchiari S , Mender S , Mićanović S , Miceli D , Miranda J M , Mirzoyan R , Molina E , Mondal H A , Morcuende D , Nanci C , Neustroev V , Nigro C , Nishijima K , Ekoume T Njoh , Noda K , Nozaki S , Ohtani Y , Otero-Santos J , Paiano S , Palatiello M , Paneque D , Paoletti R , Paredes J M , Pavletić L , Persic M , Pihet M , Pirola G , Podobnik F , Moroni P G Prada , Prandini E , Principe G , Priyadarshi C , Rhode W , Ribó M , Rico J , Righi C , Sahakyan N , Saito T , Satalecka K , Saturni F G , Schleicher B , Schmidt K , Schmuckermaier F , Schubert J L , Schweizer T , Sitarek J , Spolon A , Stamerra A , Strišković J , Strom D , Suda Y , Surić T , Suutarinen S , Tajima H , Takahashi M , Takeishi R , Tavecchio F , Temnikov P , Terzić T , Teshima M , Tosti L , Truzzi S , Ubach S , van Scherpenberg J , Ventura S , Verguilov V , Viale I , Vigorito C F , Vitale V , Walter R , Yamamoto T , Benkhali F Ait , Becherini Y , Bi B , Böttcher M , Bolmont J , Brown A , Bulik T , Casanova S , Chand T , Chandra S , Chibueze J , Chibueze O , Egberts K , Einecke S , Ernenwein J-P , Fontaine G , Gabici S , Goswami P , Holler M , Jamrozy M , Joshi V , Kasai E , Katarzyński K , Khatoon R , Khélifi B , Kluźniak W , Kosack K , Lang R G , Le Stum S , Lemière A , Marx R , Moderski R , Moghadam M O , de Naurois M , Niemiec J , O’Brien P , Ostrowski M , Peron G , Pita S , Pühlhofer G , Quirrenbach A , Rudak B , Sahakian V , Sanchez D A , Santangelo A , Sasaki M , Schutte H M , Seglar-Arroyo M , Shapopi J N S , Steenkamp R , Steppa C , Suzuki H , Tanaka T , Tluczykont M , Venter C , Wagner S J , Wierzcholska A , Zdziarski A A , Żywucka N ,   from Fermi-LAT Collaboration:, Becerra J , Ciprini S , Venters T M ,   MWL collaborators:, D’Ammando F , Esteban-Gutiérrez A , Ramazani V Fallah , Filippenko A V , Hovatta T , Jermak H , Jorstad S , Kiehlmann S , Lähteenmäki A , Larionov V M , Larionova E , Marscher A P , Morozova D , Max-Moerbeck W , Readhead A C S , Reeves R , Steele I A , Tornikoski M , Verrecchia F , Xiao H , Zheng W 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
OT 081 is a well-known, luminous blazar that is remarkably variable in many energy bands. We present the first broadband study of the source which includes very-high-energy (VHE, E &gt;100 GeV) γ-ray data taken by the MAGIC and H.E.S.S. imaging Cherenkov telescopes. The discovery of VHE γ-ray emission happened during a high state of γ-ray activity in July 2016, observed by many instruments from radio to VHE γ-rays. We identify four states of activity of the source, one of which includes VHE γ-ray emission. Variability in the VHE domain is found on daily timescales. The intrinsic VHE spectrum can be described by a power-law with index 3.27 ± 0.44stat ± 0.15sys (MAGIC) and 3.39 ± 0.58stat ± 0.64sys (H.E.S.S.) in the energy range of 55–300 GeV and 120–500 GeV, respectively. The broadband emission cannot be sucessfully reproduced by a simple one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model. Instead, an additional external Compton component is required. We test a lepto-hadronic model that reproduces the dataset well and a proton-synchrotron dominated model that requires an extreme proton luminosity. Emission models that are able to successfully represent the data place the emitting region well outside of the Broad Line Region (BLR) to a location at which the radiative environment is dominated by the infrared thermal radiation field of the dusty torus. In the scenario described by this flaring activity, the source appears to be an FSRQ, in contrast with past categorizations. This suggests that the source can be considered to be a transitional blazar, intermediate between BL Lac and FSRQ objects.