bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN GURU DALAM MERENCANAKAN DAN MELAKSANAKAN PEMBELAJARAN MELALUI SUPERVISI AKADEMIK
Authors: Zulfia Ena 
Published: February 2021

This aims study is to describe the implementations of both academic supervision and class observation techniques to enhance of planning and performing learning skill of Junior High School 6 Tanah Sepenggal Kabupaten Bungo teachers in academic year 2019/2020. This is an action research scool (PTS) study conducted by two cycles in with five person acted as the subject having been determinated based on the result of pracycles observation, observation techniques were conducted to collect the data and quantitative descriptive analysis were used as data analysis.The study resulted that the implementation of both academic supervision and class observation techniques enhanced the planning and performing learning skill of Junior High School 6 Tanah Sepenggal Kabupaten Bungo teaches on odd semester in academic year 2019/2020.
MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI GURU DALAM MENYUSUN RPP BERORIENTASI PPK, GLN DAN HOTS MELALUI SUPERVISI
Authors: Hastutik Wiji 
Published: February 2021

The problem of this research is the low ability of SMPN 3 Muko Muko Bathin VII teachers’ in arranging lesson plan which oriented to Character Education Strengthen, National Literation Movement and High Order Thinking Skill. This research is implemented to improve the teachers’ abillity in arranging the teaching preparation especially in arranging lesson plan which oriented to Character Education Strengthen, National Literation Movement and High Order Thinking Skill. I use supervision as the treatment. This research had two cycles. Each cycle included four phases. They are : planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. Data collection equipments are observation sheet, field note and questionnaire. Data analyzing is taken in each cycle to know the influence of the treatment to improve the teachers’ ability and as the guidance in determining next planning. This research proved that the ability of SMPN 3 Muko Muko Bathin VII teachers in arranging lesson plan which oriented to Character Education Strengthen, National Literation Movement and High Order Thinking Skill increased well. The increasing of the teachers’ ability showed the advance from the first to the second cycle in arranging Character Education Strengthen learning is always consistent, the ability in designing National Literation Movement increase 18.2% and the aspect of High Order Thinking Skill increased 27,3%. While the implementation of teaching learning process, all teachers always consistent in building Character Education Strengthen, the implementation of National Literation Movement increased 18.2% and HOTS learning increased 9.1%. From the research, we can conclude that supervision is the appropriate treatment in advancing the teachers’ ability of SMPN 3 Muko Muko Bathin VII in designing lesson plan that oriented Character Education Strengthen, National Literation Movement and High Order Thinking Skill.
Analyzing and predicting the LNM rate and prognosis of patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas
Authors: Tang Chao‐Tao , Liu Bi‐Xia , Chen Youxiang , Zeng Chunyan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundCurrent the surveillance and management are controversial for patients with IPMN. We aimed to develop an alternative nomogram to individualize IPMN prognosis and LNM.MethodsBased on the data from SEER database of patients diagnosed with IPMN between 2004 and 2015, a nomogram predicting the survival and LNM of IPMN based on univariate and multivariate and Lasso regression analysis was performed, internally and externally validated, and measured by C‐index, and decision curve analysis (DCA), and compared to the 7th TNM stage.ResultsA total of 941 patients were included. Age, T stage examined nodes, tumor size, and pathology grade were identified as an independent factor for predicting LNM. The nomogram we established to predict LNM had a high predicting value with a C‐index value of 0.735 and an AUC value of 0.753. Interestingly, including T1 stage, we found an inverse correlation was between age and LNM. In addition, nomogram for predicting CSS also performed better than TNM stage both in the internal validation group (1‐year AUC:0.753 vs. 0.693, 3‐year AUC: 0.801 vs. 0.731, 5‐year AUC: 0.803 vs. 0.733) and external validation group (1‐year AUC: 0.761 vs. 0.701, 3‐year AUC: 0.772 vs. 0.713, 5‐year AUC:0.811 vs. 0.735). DCA analysis showed the nomogram showed a greater benefit across the period of follow‐up compared to 7th TNM stage.ConclusionA nomogram based on multivariate and Lasso regression analysis showed great clinical usability compared with current criteria. Also, for LNM of IPMN, younger age patients with IPMN should be attached more importance.
Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective C(sp3)—H Functionalization viaCarbene‐Induced Asymmetric Intermolecular C—H Insertion†
Authors: Liu Bo , Xu Ming‐Hua 
Published: February 2021

Main observation and conclusionTransition‐metal‐catalyzed C—H insertion of metal‐carbene represents an excellent and powerful approach for C—H functionalization. However, despite remarkable advances in metal‐carbene chemistry, transition metal catalysts that are capable of enantioselective intermolecular carbene C—H insertion are mainly constrained to dirhodium(II) and iridium(III)‐based complexes. Herein, we disclose a new version of asymmetric carbene C—H insertion reaction with rhodium(I) catalyst. A highly enantioselective rhodium(I) complex‐catalyzed C(sp3)—H functionalization of 1,4‐cyclohexadienes with α‐aryl‐α‐diazoacetates was successfully developed. By using chiral bicyclo[2.2.2]‐octadiene as ligand, rhodium(I)‐carbene‐induced asymmetric intermolecular C—H insertion proceeds smoothly at room temperature, allowing access to a diverse variety of α‐aryl‐α‐cyclohexadienyl acetates and gem‐diaryl‐containing acetates in good yields with good to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee). Furthermore, the synthetic utility of the reaction was highlighted by facile synthesis of a novel cannabinoid CB1 receptor ligand. This method may offer a new opportunity for the development of therapeutically exploitable cannabinoid receptor type ligands in medicinal chemistry.
Can Hydrated Electrons be Produced from Water with Visible Light?
Authors: Pios Sebastian , Huang Xiang , Domcke Wolfgang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAb initio computational methods are employed to explore whether hydrated electrons can be produced by the photodetachment of the excess hydrogen atom of the heptazinyl radical (HzH) in finite‐size HzH⋅⋅⋅(H2O)n clusters. The HzH radical is an intermediate species in the photocatalytic oxidation of water with the heptazine (Hz) chromophore. Hz (heptaazaphenalene) is the monomer of the ubiquitous polymeric water‐oxidation photocatalyst graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4). The energy profiles of minimum‐energy excited‐state reaction paths for proton‐coupled electron transfer from HzH to water molecules were computed for the HzH⋅⋅⋅H2O and HzH⋅⋅⋅(H2O)4 complexes with the CASPT2 method. The results reveal that the photodetachment of the excess H‐atom from the HzH radical is a barrierless reaction in these hydrogen‐bonded complexes, resulting in the formation of H3O and H3O(H2O)3 radicals, respectively, which are finite‐size models of the hydrated electron. The computational results suggest that the photocatalytic formation of hydrated electrons from water with visible light could be possible in principle.
Organophosphorus flame‐retardant tris(1‐chloro‐2‐propyl)phosphate is genotoxic and apoptotic inducer in human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Authors: Saquib Quaiser , Siddiqui Maqsood , Al‐Khedhairy Abdulaziz 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTris(1‐chloro‐2‐propyl)phosphate (TCPP) is a chlorinated organophosphorus flame retardant (OPFR) widely used in consumer goods after the phaseout of brominated flame retardants (BFRs). TCPP can percolate into the indoor and outdoor dusts, leading to its detection in the human body fluids (urine, breast milk) and placenta. However, TCPP has not been studied so far for its toxicity in the human vascular system. Hence, we have used human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and exposed them to TCPP ranging from low to high (5–400 μM) concentrations for 24 h. Cytotoxicity analysis by MTT and NRU assays exhibited 15.27% and 20.56%, 21.67%, and 48.67% survival decline of cells only at 200 and 400 μM. Comet assay data showed DNA damage from 50 to 400 μM with Olive tail moment (OTM) values between 1.03 and 35.59, respectively. TCPP‐exposed HUVECs exhibited 1.09 and 1.39‐fold greater intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) at 25 and 400 μM, indicating oxidative stress. HUVEC mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) measurements showed 1.16 and 1.48‐fold higher fluorescence of Rh123 dye at 25 and 400 μM, confirming mitochondrial dysfunction. Flow cytometric data demonstrated 5.1%–58.8% cells in SubG1 apoptotic phase at 5 and 400 μM TCPP. Our novel data revealed that TCPP is a genotoxic and apoptotic inducer, which may trigger alike responses in human vascular system. Overall, detailed in vivo studies are warranted on the transcriptional and translations effects of TCPP.
Effect of add‐on melatonin on seizure outcome, neuronal damage, oxidative stress, and quality of life in generalized epilepsy with generalized onset motor seizures in adults: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Verma Nishant , Maiti Rituparna , Mishra Biswa Ranjan , Jha Menka , Jena Monalisa , Mishra Archana 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEpilepsy treatment is challenging because of multiple impediments like lack of efficacy of monotherapy, adverse drug reactions, and different comorbidities. Add‐on therapy to first‐line antiepileptics may be the option to overcome therapeutic hurdles. The present randomized, double‐blind, add‐on placebo‐controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of add‐on melatonin in the treatment of generalized epilepsy with generalized onset motor seizure in adults. The control group (n = 52) received add‐on placebo, and the test group (n = 52) received add‐on melatonin (3 mg/day) with valproate (20 mg/kg in two divided doses). Clinical evaluation of seizure frequency, Chalfont‐National Hospital seizure severity scale (NHS3), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), quality of life in epilepsy inventory, Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), and biochemical estimation of serum neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) and glutathione reductase were done at baseline and compared with follow‐up at 8 weeks. Among 104 patients randomized [mean (SD) age of 27.6 (11.5); 84 (80.8%) male], 88 (84.6%) completed the trial. The responder rate and seizure‐free rate in the test group were significantly (p = 0.006 and 0.034) higher than the control group. There was a significantly higher reduction in the frequency of seizures (p = 0.016) and NHS3 (−2.39; 95%CI: −4.56 to −0.21; p = 0.032) in the test group compared to the control group. Similarly, improvement in PSQI (−1.40; 95%CI: −2.64 to −0.15; p = 0.029) was significantly better in the test group. There was no significant difference in the change in ESS (p = 0.621) and quality of life scoring (p = 0.456) between the study groups. The decrease in serum NSE was significantly higher with the test group compared to the control group (−2.01; 95% CI: −3.74 to −0.27; p = 0.024). Add‐on melatonin increased serum glutathione reductase significantly (p = 0.038), but there was no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.685). Add‐on melatonin with valproate for generalized epilepsy with generalized onset motor seizures in adults can achieve a significantly better clinical outcome by reducing the seizure frequency, severity and attaining a better seizure‐free rate in comparison to the control group.
Chronic Fatigue Persists in a Significant Proportion of Female Patients After Transplantation for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Authors: Wunsch Ewa , Stadnik Anna , Kruk Beata , Szczepankiewicz Benedykt , Kotarska Katarzyna , Krawczyk Marcin , Górnicka Barbara , Wójcicki Maciej , Milkiewicz Piotr 
Published: February 2021

Chronic fatigue and an impairment of general health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) are frequently reported by patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Studies on patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) suggest that, unlike pruritus, fatigue may not be ameliorated by liver transplantation (LT). However, there are few data regarding the assessment of fatigue before and after transplantation in PSC. To investigate the effect of LT on fatigue and HRQoL in patients with PSC, 81 patients with PSC (median age 33 years; 69% men) were prospectively enrolled in this study. The PBC‐40 and Short Form 36 (SF‐36) questionnaires were used for assessment before and twice after LT. A total of 26 patients who received a transplant for PBC were included as controls. The potential impact of the clinical and laboratory parameters was evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. Although in addition to other well‐being indexes the median fatigue score improved after LT (P < 0.001), a detailed analysis demonstrated that fatigue persists in one‐third of patients. A significant fatigue reduction was seen in men (P < 0.001) but not women (P = 0.25). Posttransplant fatigue did not depend on concomitant inflammatory bowel disease, laboratory indexes of cholestasis, or disease recurrence. In the multivariate regression model, female sex was the only independent covariate associated with persistent fatigue. In terms of other measures of HRQoL, LT caused a substantial improvement in the majority of SF‐36 and PBC‐40 domains. Recurrent PSC and unemployment negatively affected the well‐being of patients. Patients who received a transplant for PSC had significantly better HRQoL than those patients with PBC. LT improves various measures of HRQoL, but it does not ameliorate fatigue in female patients with PSC.
Hatchery-Origin Stray Rates and Total Run Characteristics for Pink Salmon and Chum Salmon Returning to Prince William Sound, Alaska, in 2013–2015
Authors: Knudsen E. Eric , Rand Peter S. , Gorman Kristen B. , Bernard David R. , Templin William D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Pacific salmon hatcheries support important commercial fisheries for Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha and Chum Salmon O. keta in Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska. State policy mandates that hatchery-produced fish must not negatively impact natural populations, which can occur during mixed fisheries and via ecological and genetic interactions. Therefore, we quantified the spatial and temporal overlap of natural- and hatchery-origin salmon (1) as they migrated into PWS and (2) in PWS spawning streams. Intensive sampling during 2013–2015, combined with ancillary agency harvest and hatchery composition data, also allowed us to estimate the hatchery, natural, and total run sizes. Estimated annual proportions (SE in parentheses) of hatchery fish in the preharvest run ranged from 0.55 (0.01) to 0.86 (0.03) for Pink Salmon and from 0.51 (0.03) to 0.73 (0.02) for Chum Salmon. Proportions of hatchery fish across all sampled PWS spawning streams were much lower, ranging from 0.05 (0.03) to 0.15 (0.07) for Pink Salmon and from 0.03 (0.03) to 0.09 (0.03) for Chum Salmon. In both species, relatively high instream proportions of hatchery fish tended to be geographically localized, while many streams exhibited low proportions. The estimated total PWS runs were 50–142 million Pink Salmon and 2.3–5.4 million Chum Salmon. Commercial fisheries harvested 94–99% of hatchery-origin fish of both species, 27–50% of natural-origin Pink Salmon, and 17–20% of natural-origin Chum Salmon. Despite very high harvest rates on hatchery-produced fish, an estimated 0.8–4.5 million hatchery Pink Salmon and 30,000–90,000 hatchery Chum Salmon strayed into PWS spawning streams. Our findings provide context for further research on the relative productivity of hatchery- and natural-origin salmon spawning in streams, density-dependent survival, improvements in fidelity to hatchery release sites, the influence of hatchery production on escapement management and policy, and refinements in harvest management precision in PWS.
Functional Correlates and Impact of Dietary Lactoferrin Intervention and its Concentration‐dependence on Neurodevelopment and Cognition in Neonatal Piglets
Authors: Chen Yue , Wang Bing , Yang Changwei , Shi Yujie , Dong Zhizhong , Troy Frederic A. 
Published: February 2021

ScopeLactoferrin (Lf), a sialylated milk glycoprotein, promotes early neurodevelopment and cognition. Functional concentrations of Lf, however, remain unknown. Our objective is to determine the concentration‐dependency of Lf on genes associated with neurodevelopment and cognition in neonatal piglets.Methods and resultsPiglets are given milk replacer with Lf at concentrations of 155 (low) or 285 mg kg‐1 day‐1 (high) from postnatal days 3 to 38. Gene expression associated with neurodevelopment, cognition, and cognate proteins were quantitated. This study found 1) The rate of learning and long‐term memory was higher with 155 mg kg‐1 day‐1 assessed in an eight‐arm radial maze; 2) Global gene transcription profiling showed this lower concentration upregulated genes and functions correlated with neurodevelopment and cognition, while the higher concentration regulated cellular processes for neuroprotection; 3) Expression of BDNF genes and proteins were higher with both concentrations, while genes regulating BDNF signaling, including SLC6A3, IGF‐1 responded more to the lower concentration; 4) The lower concentration modulated genes in the five highest networks associated with cellularity and neurocognition, while the prevention of neurodevelopmental and neurological pathologies was associated with the higher concentration.ConclusionThe lower concentrations of Lf enhanced neurodevelopment and cognition, while higher concentrations are greater neuroprotective, findings of potential novel clinical relevance.
Comparative treatment effectiveness of oral fingolimod and conventional injectable disease‐modifying agents in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Earla Jagadeswara R. , Hutton George J. , Thornton Douglas J. , Chen Hua , Johnson Michael L. , Aparasu Rajender R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractStudy ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of oral fingolimod and conventional injectable disease‐modifying agents (DMAs) using the composite endpoint of relapse or DMA treatment switch in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).DesignA retrospective longitudinal cohort study.Data SourceIBM MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Database from 2010–2012.PatientsAdults (≥18 years) with MS diagnosis (ICD‐9‐CM:340) who newly initiated DMAs.InterventionOral fingolimod and conventional injectable DMAs (interferon beta and glatiramer acetate).MeasurementsComposite endpoint of time to relapse or DMA treatment switch.Main ResultsThe incident study cohort consisted of 1997 MS patients who initiated oral fingolimod (15.6%) or injectable (84.4%) DMAs. The proportion of patients who had a composite endpoint (relapse/DMA treatment switch) in oral fingolimod and injectable DMA users was found to be 16.72% and 27.16%, respectively. The Cox PH regression model with stabilized IPTW revealed that fingolimod is equally effective as conventional injectable DMAs in reducing the risk of experiencing the composite endpoint of relapse or DMA switch (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.43–1.03). Additional analysis among patients who were adherent also found no significant difference in the composite endpoint (aHR: 0.70, 95% CI 0.49–1.15) between oral fingolimod and injectable DMA users.ConclusionsOral fingolimod has similar effectiveness as conventional injectable DMAs in reducing the risk of experiencing the composite endpoint (relapse or DMA treatment switch). In addition, when assessed independently, oral fingolimod showed no difference in reducing the time to relapse or DMA treatment switch compared to injectable DMAs.
Measuring gas vesicle dimensions by electron microscopy
Authors: Dutka Przemysław , Malounda Dina , Metskas Lauren Ann , Chen Songye , Hurt Robert C. , Lu George J. , Jensen Grant J. , Shapiro Mikhail G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGas vesicles (GVs) are cylindrical or spindle‐shaped protein nanostructures filled with air and used for flotation by various cyanobacteria, heterotrophic bacteria, and Archaea. Recently, GVs have gained interest in biotechnology applications due to their ability to serve as imaging agents and actuators for ultrasound, magnetic resonance and several optical techniques. The diameter of GVs is a crucial parameter contributing to their mechanical stability, buoyancy function and evolution in host cells, as well as their properties in imaging applications. Despite its importance, reported diameters for the same types of GV differ depending on the method used for its assessment. Here, we provide an explanation for these discrepancies and utilize electron microscopy (EM) techniques to accurately estimate the diameter of the most commonly studied types of GVs. We show that during air drying on the EM grid, GVs flatten, leading to a ~1.5‐fold increase in their apparent diameter. We demonstrate that GVs' diameter can be accurately determined by direct measurements from cryo‐EM samples or alternatively indirectly derived from widths of flat collapsed and negatively stained GVs. Our findings help explain the inconsistency in previously reported data and provide accurate methods to measure GVs dimensions.
Mask blast with a new chemical logic of amino acids for improved protein function prediction
Authors: Pathak Amita , Roy Toran , Edubilli Avinash , Jayaram Bhyravabhotla 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWith the exponential increase in protein sequence data, there is an urgency to acquire a knowledge of function of the millions of sequences, using automated methods with high reliability. Conventional methods for annotating a protein sequence transfer the function of a homologous sequence with known functions based on evolutionary information. Here, we present a newer way of classifying amino acids based on chemical measures and demonstrate that, when integrated with mask BLAST, the chemical properties identified outperform current classifications of amino acids as well as evolutionary measures in function detection.
Drug discovery: Insights from the invertebrate Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Giunti Sebastián , Andersen Natalia , Rayes Diego , De Rosa María José 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTherapeutic drug development is a long, expensive, and complex process that usually takes 12–15 years. In the early phases of drug discovery, in particular, there is a growing need for animal models that ensure the reduction in both cost and time. Caenorhabditis elegans has been traditionally used to address fundamental aspects of key biological processes, such as apoptosis, aging, and gene expression regulation. During the last decade, with the advent of large‐scale platforms for screenings, this invertebrate has also emerged as an essential tool in the pharmaceutical research industry to identify novel drugs and drug targets. In this review, we discuss the reasons why C. elegans has been positioned as an outstanding cost‐effective option for drug discovery, highlighting both the advantages and drawbacks of this model. Particular attention is paid to the suitability of this nematode in large‐scale genetic and pharmacological screenings. High‐throughput screenings in C. elegans have indeed contributed to the breakthrough of a wide variety of candidate compounds involved in extensive fields including neurodegeneration, pathogen infections and metabolic disorders. The versatility of this nematode, which enables its instrumentation as a model of human diseases, is another attribute also herein underscored. As illustrative examples, we discuss the utility of C. elegans models of both human neurodegenerative diseases and parasitic nematodes in the drug discovery industry. Summing up, this review aims to demonstrate the impact of C. elegans models on the drug discovery pipeline.