bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Major Depression and Survival in People With Cancer
Authors: Walker Jane , Mulick Amy , Magill Nicholas , Symeonides Stefan , Gourley Charlie , Burke Katy , Belot Aurelien , Quartagno Matteo , van Niekerk Maike , Toynbee Mark , Frost Chris , Sharpe Michael 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective
The question of whether depression is associated with worse survival in people with cancer remains unanswered because of methodological criticism of the published research on the topic. We aimed to study the association in a large methodologically robust study.

Methods
We analyzed data on 20,582 patients with breast, colorectal, gynecological, lung, and prostate cancers who had attended cancer outpatient clinics in Scotland, United Kingdom. Patients had completed two-stage screening for major depression as part of their cancer care. These data on depression status were linked to demographic, cancer, and subsequent mortality data from national databases. We estimated the association of major depression with survival for each cancer using Cox regression. We adjusted for potential confounders and interactions between potentially time-varying confounders and the interval between cancer diagnosis and depression screening, and used multiple imputation for missing depression and confounder data. We pooled the cancer-specific results using fixed-effects meta-analysis.

Results
Major depression was associated with worse survival for all cancers, with similar adjusted hazard ratios (HRs): breast cancer (HR = 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.15–1.75), colorectal cancer (HR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.11–1.94), gynecological cancer (HR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.08–1.71), lung cancer (HR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.24–1.56), and prostate cancer (HR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.08–2.85). The pooled HR was 1.41 (95% CI = 1.29–1.54, p < .001, I
2 = 0%). These findings were not materially different when we only considered the deaths (90%) that were attributed to cancer.

Conclusions
Major depression is associated with worse survival in patients with common cancers. The mechanisms of this association and the clinical implications require further study.
Financial Stressors During the Great Recession and Subsequent Risk of Early Mortality
Authors: Bourassa Kyle J. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective
The Great Recession in 2008 was a period of severe economic upheaval and myriad financial stressors. Financial stress is associated with poorer health, but for whom is this stress the most health-relevant? The current study examined the association between financial stressors and mortality, as well as whether this association varied based on people’s financial status.

Methods
Participants from the Midlife in the United States study (n = 2760) were assessed before (2004–2005) and after (2013–2014) the Great Recession (2008). Mortality status was then tracked from 2013 to 2017.

Results
People who experienced more financial stressors during the Great Recession were at greater risk of early mortality over the 4-year follow-up (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.14 [1.00–1.29], p = .046). This association was moderated by the importance of financial security (B = 0.34 [0.08–0.59], p = .009). Financial stressors were more strongly associated with mortality among people who reported that financial security was important to their well-being (HR = 1.29 [1.08–1.54], p = .006) compared with people who reported it was not (HR = 1.02 [0.82–1.26], p = .89). Household income and subjective financial status did not moderate the association between financial stressors and mortality.

Conclusions
Experiencing financial stressors during the Great Recession was associated with increased mortality over the 4-year follow-up period, particularly for people who reported financial security was important to their well-being. Interventions designed to reduce financial stress to improve health may benefit from targeting people for whom such stressors are particularly important.
The Role of Fgf9 in the Antidepressant Effects of Exercise and Fluoxetine in Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Mice
Authors: Xia Jie , Xue Xiangli , Liu Wenbin , Qi Zhengtang , Liu Weina 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective
The neurotrophic hypothesis of depression posits that stress and depression decrease neurotrophic factor expression in brain, whereas antidepressants and exercise can contribute to the blockade of stress effects and produce antidepressant effects. Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9), a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, has been reported to be dysregulated in depression. The present study aimed to determine whether and how Fgf9 mediates the antidepressant effects of fluoxetine and exercise in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mice.

Methods
Male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to CUMS for 7 weeks. From the fourth week, CUMS-exposed mice were subjected to fluoxetine treatment or swimming exercise for 4 weeks. Forced swim test, tail suspension test, and hole-board test were used to assess behaviors of mice. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to examine hippocampal messenger RNA levels of Fgf9, Fgf2, FgfR1, FgfR2, and FgfR3. Western blotting was used to examine the protein levels of Fgf9, protein kinase B (Akt), and phosphorylation of Akt at Ser473 in mouse hippocampus.

Results
Our results demonstrated that CUMS induced depression-like behaviors, which were reversed by fluoxetine treatment and swimming exercise. Moreover, we found that CUMS resulted in a dysregulation of Fgf9, Fgf2, and FgfR2 expression, whereas fluoxetine and swimming restored the FGF expression in CUMS-exposed mice. An analysis of the proteins suggests that the antidepressant effects of fluoxetine and exercise in CUMS-exposed mice were associated with ameliorated Fgf9/Akt signaling.

Conclusions
Our findings have demonstrated that swimming exercise mimics the antidepressant effects of fluoxetine by regulating Fgf9 in CUMS-exposed mice, which may offer new mechanism-based therapeutic targets for depression.
Biopsychosocial Processes of Health and Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kop Willem J. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
The biopsychosocial model provides a useful perspective for understanding the development and characteristics of the COVID-19 pandemic and its anticipated long-term consequences for society as well as individuals. This article provides a biopsychosocial perspective on the COVID pandemic and an editorial comment on the articles in this Special Issue of Psychosomatic Medicine. Based on analysis of the PubMed database, it is shown that the attention to psychological and social factors is 74% higher in COVID-19-related articles compared to all other health-related scientific articles published during the same time-period (between 1/1/2020 and 4/18/2021). Specifically, 18.6% of the ≈123,500 articles addressing COVID-19-related topics also included psychological or social factors in their content vs. 10.7% of articles that did not address COVID-19. The biopsychosocial model is relevant to understanding the interrelationships among risk factors and the multidimensional clinical and psychosocial COVID-19 outcomes. Clinical outcomes directly related to COVID-19 range from severe but rare events (mortality and intensive care treatment) to less severe common outcomes such as positive screening tests for COVID-19 with or without symptoms. In addition, psychosocial outcomes range in severity from frequently observed reduced psychological wellbeing to less common clinical mood and anxiety disorders and, in rare cases, suicidality. The COVID-19 pandemic is characterized by an unusually strong and short-term link between social factors and biological aspects of the disease, without mediating psychological factors. After a review of the articles presented in this Special Issue, this editorial concludes with suggestions for biopsychosocial models in research on COVID-19 and other large-scale health threats.
Special Considerations for Chin Augmentation in the Professional Violinist
Authors: Boustany Ashley N. , Manstein Samuel M. , Lin Samuel J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The extensive training and unique positioning of a stringed instrument (eg, professional violinist) may subject the mandible to compressive forces that may lead to asymmetric micrognathia. Prior cephalometric studies have shown a right-sided facial dominance with an underdeveloped left mandible. Surgical correction must account for occupational demands, as the chin is uniquely load-bearing in violinists. The use of three-dimensional planning with a customized implant facilitates the correction of asymmetries and allows shared decision-making for optimal implant fit. Our case outlines important considerations for alloplastic chin augmentation in violinists.
Patients Undergoing Ileoanal Pouch Surgery Experience a Constellation of Symptoms and Consequences Representing a Unique Syndrome
Authors: Cavallaro Paul , Fearnhead Nicola , Bissett Ian , Brar Mantaj , Cataldo Thomas , Clarke Rasheed , Denoya Paula , Elder Amber Lorraine , Gecse Krisztina , Hendren Samantha , Holubar Stefan , Jeganathan Nimalan , Myrelid Pär , Norton Beth-Anne , Wexner Steven , Wilson Lauren , Zaghiyan Karen , Bordeianou Liliana 
Published: May 2021

Objective:
The primary aim was to create a patient-centered definition of core symptoms that should be included in future studies of pouch function.

Background:
Functional outcomes after ileoanal pouch creation have been studied; however, there is great variability in how relevant outcomes are defined and reported. More importantly, the perspective of patients has not been represented in deciding which outcomes should be the focus of research.

Methods:
Expert stakeholders were chosen to correlate with the clinical scenario of the multidisciplinary team that cares for pouch patients: patients, colorectal surgeons, gastroenterologists/other clinicians. Three rounds of surveys were employed to select high-priority items. Survey voting was followed by a series of online patient consultation meetings used to clarify voting trends. A final online consensus meeting with representation from all 3 expert panels was held to finalize a consensus statement.

Results:
One hundred ninety-five patients, 62 colorectal surgeons, and 48 gastroenterologists/nurse specialists completed all 3 Delphi rounds. Fifty-three patients participated in online focus groups. One hundred sixty-one stakeholders participated in the final consensus meeting. On conclusion of the consensus meeting, 7 bowel symptoms and 7 consequences of undergoing ileoanal pouch surgery were included in the final consensus statement.

Conclusions:
This study is the first to identify key functional outcomes after pouch surgery with direct input from a large panel of ileoanal pouch patients. The inclusion of patients in all stages of the consensus process allowed for a true patient-centered approach in defining the core domains that should be focused on in future studies of pouch function.
Robotic-assisted Versus Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Lobectomy
Authors: Jin Runsen , Zheng Yuyan , Yuan Ye , Han Dingpei , Cao Yuqin , Zhang Yajie , Li Chengqiang , Xiang Jie , Zhang Zhengyuan , Niu Zhenyi , Lerut Toni , Lin Jules , Abbas Abbas E. , Pardolesi Alessandro , Suda Takashi , Amore Dario , Schraag Stefan , Aigner Clemens , Li Jian , Che Jiaming , Hang Junbiao , Ren Jian , Zhu Lianggang , Li Hecheng 
Published: May 2021

Objective:
To determine whether RAL affects perioperative outcomes and long-term efficacy in NSCLC patients, compared with traditional VAL.

Summary of Background Data:
RAL is a promising treatment for NSCLC. However, its efficacy has not been fully evaluated.

Methods:
A single-center, open-labeled prospective randomized clinical trial was launched in May 2017 to compare the efficacy of RAL and VAL. By May 2020, 320 patients were enrolled. The perioperative results of RAL and VAL were compared.

Results:
The 320 enrolled patients were randomly assigned to the RAL group (n = 157) and the VAL group (n = 163). Perioperative outcomes were comparable between the 2 groups, including the length of hospital stay (P = 0.76) and the rate of postoperative complications (P = 0.45). No perioperative mortality occurred in either group. The total amount of chest tube drainage {830 mL [interquartile range (IQR), 550–1130 mL] vs 685 mL [IQR, 367.5–1160 mL], P = 0.007} and hospitalization costs [$12821 (IQR, $12145–$13924) vs $8009 (IQR, $7014–$9003), P < 0.001] were significantly higher in the RAL group. RAL group had a significantly higher number of LNs harvested [11 (IQR, 8–15) vs 10 (IQR, 8–13), P = 0.02], higher number of N1 LNs [6 (IQR, 4–8) vs 5 (IQR, 3–7), P = 0.005], and more LN stations examined [6 (IQR, 5–7) vs 5 (IQR, 4–6), P < 0.001].

Conclusions:
Both RAL and VAL are safe and feasible for the treatment of NSCLC. RAL achieved similar perioperative outcomes, together with higher LN yield. Further follow-up investigations are required to evaluate the long-term efficacy of RAL. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03134534)
Prehospital evaluation and detection of induced coagulopathy in trauma: The PREDICT study
Authors: Gaessler Holger , Helm Matthias , Kulla Martin , Hossfeld Bjoern , Schmid Uta , Kerschowski Juergen , Bretschneider Ingeborg 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND
Hemorrhage with trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) and hyperfibrinolysis (HF) increases the mortality risk after severe trauma. While TIC at hospital admission is well studied, little is known about coagulopathy at the incident site. The aim of the study was to investigate coagulation disorders already present on scene.

METHODS
In a prospective single-center observational study, blood samples of trauma patients obtained before and at hospital admission were analyzed. Data on rotational thromboelastometry, blood gas analysis, prehospital treatment, injury severity, in-hospital blood transfusions, and mortality were investigated according to the presence of coagulation disorders at the incident site. The patients were divided into three groups according to the presence of coagulation disorders (no coagulopathy, TIC, TIC with HF). In a subgroup analysis, patients with a Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy Clinical Score (TICCS) of ≥10 were investigated.

RESULTS
Between August 2015 and February 2018, 148 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean Injury Severity Score was 22.1, and overall mortality was 7.4%. Trauma-induced coagulopathy and HF were already detectable at the incident site in 18.2% and 6.1%, respectively. Patients with HF had significantly altered circulation parameters with significant changes in pH, hemoglobin, lactate, and base excess at the incident site. In patients with TICCS of ≥10 (14.2%), TIC was detected in 47.6% of the cases and HF in 28.6%. Furthermore, in these patients, blood gas parameters significantly changed and the need for blood transfusion and mortality.

CONCLUSION
Trauma-induced coagulopathy and HF can be detected in severely injured patients even before medical treatment is started. Furthermore, in patients with HF and TICCS of ≥10, blood gas parameters were significantly changed at the incident site.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic study, level III.
Automatic quantification of brain lesion volume from post-trauma MR Images
Authors: Mistral Thomas , Roca Pauline , Maggia Christophe , Tucholka Alan , Forbes Florence , Doyle Senan , Krainik Alexandre , Galanaud Damien , Schmitt Emmanuelle , Kremer Stéphane , Kastler Adrian , Troprès Irène , Barbier Emmanuel L , Payen Jean-François , Dojat Michel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe determination of the volume of brain lesions after trauma is challenging. Manual delineation is observer-dependent and time-consuming which inhibits the practice in clinical routine. We propose and evaluate an automated atlas-based quantification procedure (AQP) based on the detection of abnormal mean diffusivity (MD) values computed from diffusion-weighted MR images.MethodsWe measured the performance of AQP versus manual delineation consensus by independent raters in two series of experiments: i) realistic trauma phantoms (n=5) where abnormal MD values were assigned to healthy brain images according to the intensity, form and location of lesion observed in real TBI cases; ii) severe TBI patients (n=12 patients) who underwent MR imaging within 10 days after injury.ResultsIn realistic trauma phantoms, no statistical difference in Dice similarity coefficient, precision and brain lesion volumes was found between AQP, the rater consensus and the ground truth lesion delineations. Similar findings were obtained when comparing AQP and manual annotations for TBI patients. The intra-class correlation coefficient between AQP and manual delineation was 0.70 in realistic phantoms and 0.92 in TBI patients. The volume of brain lesions detected in TBI patients was 59 ml (19-84 ml) (median; 25-75th centiles).Conclusionsour results indicate that an automatic quantification procedure could accurately determine with accuracy the volume of brain lesions after trauma. This presents an opportunity to support the individualized management of severe TBI patients.Key pointsThe management of patients with severe traumatic brain injury is complex, and access to objective quantitative information lesion volumes can support clinical decision-making.An automated delineation procedure was developed to determine the nature and volume of brain lesions post-trauma.This procedure was based on diffusion weighted MR-imaging to quantify the volume of vasogenic and cellular edema from realistic phantoms and patients with severe traumatic brain injury.Nature and quantification of the brain lesions volume compared favorably with manual delineation of brain lesions by a panel of experts.
Hyperreflective foci, OCT progression indicators in age-related macular degeneration, include transdifferentiated retinal pigment epithelium
Authors: Cao Dongfeng , Leong Belinda , Messinger Jeffrey D. , Kar Deepayan , Ach Thomas , Yannuzzi Lawrence A. , Freund K. Bailey , Curcio Christine A. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTPurposeBy optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging, hyperreflective foci (HRF) indicate progression risk for advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and are in part attributable to ectopic retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). We hypothesized that ectopic RPE are molecularly distinct from in-layer cells and that their cross-retinal course follows Müller glia.MethodIn clinical OCT (61 eyes, 44 AMD patients, 79.4 ± 7.7 years; 29 female; follow-up = 4.7 ± 0.9 years) one HRF type, RPE plume, was reviewed. Twenty eyes of 20 donors characterized by ex vivo OCT were analyzed by histology (normal, 4; early/intermediate AMD, 7; geographic atrophy (GA), 6; 3 neovascular AMD (nvAMD). Cryosections were stained with antibodies to retinoid (RPE65, CRALPB) and immune (CD68, CD163) markers. In published RPE cellular phenotypes, red immunoreactivity was assessed semi-quantitatively by one observer (none, some cells, all cells).ResultsTrajectories of RPE plume and cellular debris paralleled Müller glia, whether ordered or subsident, near atrophy borders. RPE corresponding to HRF lost immunoreactivity for retinoid markers and gained immunoreactivity for immune markers. Aberrant immunoreactivity appeared in individual in-layer RPE cells and extended to all abnormal phenotypes. Müller glia remained CRALBP-positive. Plume cells approached and contacted retinal capillaries.ConclusionGain- and loss-of-function starts with individual in-layer RPE cells and extends to all abnormal phenotypes. Down-regulated RPE retinoid handling may impair rod vision while Müller glia sustain cone vision. Evidence for RPE transdifferentiation, possibly due to ischemia, supports a proposed process of epithelial-mesenchyme transition. Data can propel new biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for AMD.PrécisHyperreflective foci (HRF) are OCT progression risk indicators in age-related macular degeneration. Abnormal RPE cells including some that correspond to HRF lose immunoreactivity for retinoid markers and gain immunoreactivity for immune markers, indicating molecular transdifferentiation.
A Prospective Longitudinal Study of Health-Related Quality of Life and Psychological Wellbeing after an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator in Patients with Genetic Heart Diseases
Authors: van den Heuvel Lieke M. , Sarina Tanya , Sweeting Joanna , Yeates Laura , Bates Kezia , Spinks Catherine , O’Donnell Catherine , Sears Samuel F. , McGeechan Kevin , Semsarian Christopher , Ingles Jodie 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundGenetic heart diseases often affect young people, can be clinically heterogeneous and pose an increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). The implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is a lifesaving therapy. Impacts on prospective and long-term psychological and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) after ICD implant in patients with genetic heart diseases are unknown. We investigate the psychological functioning and HR-QoL over time in patients with genetic heart diseases who receive an ICD, and identify risk factors for poor psychological functioning and HR-QoL.MethodsA longitudinal, prospective study design was used. Patients attending a specialised clinic and diagnosed with a genetic heart disease, for which they received an ICD between May 2012 and January 2015, were eligible. Baseline surveys were completed prior to ICD implantation with five-year follow-up after ICD implant. We measured psychological functioning (Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, Florida Shock Anxiety Scale), HR-QoL (Short-Form 36v2) and device acceptance (Florida Patient Acceptance Scale).ResultsThere were 40 patients with an inherited cardiomyopathy or arrhythmia syndrome included (mean age 46.3 ± 14.2 years; 65.0% males). Mean psychological and HR-QoL measures were within normative ranges during follow-up. After 12 months, 33.3% and 19.4% of participants showed clinically elevated levels of anxiety and depression, respectively. Longitudinal mixed effect analysis showed significant improvements from baseline to first follow-up for the overall cohort, with variability increasing after 36 months. Low education and female gender predicted worse mental HR-QoL and anxiety over time, while comorbidities predicted depression and worse physical HR-QoL.ConclusionWhile the majority of patients with a genetic heart disease adjust well to their ICD implant, a subset of patients’ experience poor psychological and HR-QoL outcomes.
Impairment of T cells’ antiviral and anti-inflammation immunities dominates death from COVID-19
Authors: Zhang Luhao , Li Rong , Song Gang , Scholes Gregory D. , She Zhen-Su 
Published: April 2021

AbstractClarifying dominant factors determining the immune heterogeneity from non-survivors to survivors is crucial for developing therapeutics and vaccines against COVID-19. The main difficulty is quantitatively analyzing the multi-level clinical data, including viral dynamics, immune response, and tissue damages. Here, we adopt a top-down modelling approach to quantify key functional aspects and their dynamical interplay in the battle between the virus and the immune system, yielding an accurate description of real-time clinical data involving hundreds of patients for the first time. The quantification of antiviral responses demonstrates that, compared to antibodies, T cells play a more dominant role in virus clearance, especially for mild patients (96.5%). Moreover, the anti-inflammatory responses, namely the cytokine inhibition and tissue repair rates, also positively correlate with T cell number and are significantly suppressed in non-survivors. Simulations show that the lack of T cells leads to more significant inflammation, proposing an explanation for the monotonous increase of COVID-19 mortality with age and higher mortality for males. We conclude that T cells play a crucial role in the immunity against COVID-19, which reveals a new direction——improvement of T cell number for advancing current prevention and treatment.