bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated analysis of cortical volume loss predicts seizure outcomes after frontal lobectomy
Authors: Whiting Alexander C. , Morita‐Sherman Marcia , Li Manshi , Vegh Deborah , Machado de Campos Brunno , Cendes Fernando , Wang Xiaofeng , Bingaman William , Jehi Lara E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivePatients undergoing frontal lobectomy demonstrate lower seizure‐freedom rates than patients undergoing temporal lobectomy and several other resective interventions. We attempted to utilize automated preoperative quantitative analysis of focal and global cortical volume loss to develop predictive volumetric indicators of seizure outcome after frontal lobectomy.MethodsNinety patients who underwent frontal lobectomy were stratified based on seizure freedom at a mean follow‐up time of 3.5 (standard deviation [SD] 2.5) years. Automated quantitative analysis of cortical volume loss organized by distinct brain region and laterality was performed on preoperative T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. Univariate statistical analysis was used to select potential predictors of seizure freedom. Backward variable selection and multivariate logistical regression were used to develop models to predict seizure freedom.ResultsForty‐eight of 90 (53.3%) patients were seizure‐free at the last follow‐up. Several frontal and extrafrontal brain regions demonstrated statistically significant differences in both volumetric cortical volume loss and volumetric asymmetry between the left and right sides in the seizure‐free and non–seizure‐free cohorts. A final multivariate logistic model utilizing only preoperative quantitative MRI data to predict seizure outcome was developed with a c‐statistic of 0.846. Using both preoperative quantitative MRI data and previously validated clinical predictors of seizure outcomes, we developed a model with a c‐statistic of 0.897.SignificanceThis study demonstrates that preoperative cortical volume loss in both frontal and extrafrontal regions can be predictive of seizure outcome after frontal lobectomy, and models can be developed with excellent predictive capabilities using preoperative MRI data. Automated quantitative MRI analysis can be quickly and reliably performed in patients with frontal lobe epilepsy, and further studies may be developed for integration into preoperative risk stratification.
“Urchin pinning”: Behavioural observations reveal how hungry urchins actively prey upon their sea star predators
Authors: Clements Jeff C. , Dupont Sam , Jutfelt Fredrik 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGreen sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) are dominant components of benthic ecosystems that form aggregations and can transform entire kelp forests into barren systems. While these urchins are known to unwittingly consume practically anything in their path while grazing, detailed descriptions of active predatory behaviour on known predators (i.e., predator–prey reversal) are undocumented. Here, we use laboratory observations to describe the behavioural tactics used by starved S. droebachiesis to actively attack and consume sea stars, Crossaster papposus—a known predator of S. droebachiensis. We observed urchins preying on three separate sea stars, with one being substantially consumed by urchins within 24 hr. Urchins exhibited a direct mode of attack on sea stars by individually mounting and consuming the tips of the arms. Interestingly, we did not observe any conflict between individual urchins for attacking the sea star despite there being ≈80 starving urchins in the tank (and only 10–12 arms on the sea stars). Some sea stars did not attempt to escape urchin predation at all, while others attempted to escape by fleeing and lifting arms on top of the urchins. Given that sensory perception in sea stars is largely derived from the arm tips, we suggest that urchins directly attack and consume many sea star arm tips in an attempt to “pin” sea stars before consuming them. As such, we term this predatory behaviour “urchin pinning.” These observations ultimately provide the first detailed behavioural documentation of how urchins actively prey on a known predator and provide a basis for a wealth of future research.
Thermoelectric properties of tungsten‐titanium‐phosphate glass‐ceramics
Authors: Moore Lisa , Aitken Bruce , Work Kim , Stapleton Erika , Davis Ronald 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe thermoelectric properties of tungsten‐titanium phosphate glass‐ceramics, which were described in previous articles, were measured as a function of composition, ceram temperature, and measurement temperature. The glass‐ceramics comprise tungsten monophosphate crystals, (PO2)4(WO3)2 m, in a matrix of TiP2O7. The glass‐ceramics behave as n‐type semiconductors with nearly metallic behavior. Conduction occurs along percolating networks of primarily m6 and m7 crystals. The highest electrical conductivities and (absolute) Seebeck coefficients were measured on a glass‐ceramic containing large, interconnecting, prismatic, m7 crystals. At 777°C, the electrical conductivity reached nearly 5500 S/m and the Seebeck coefficient was −60 µV/K. Thermal conductivity was in the 2.5‐3 W/m.K range, and the maximum ZT obtained was 0.007. This ZT is two orders of magnitude lower than those of the best bulk, polycrystalline, n‐type, oxide thermoelectric materials. The exceptional property of the tungsten‐titanium phosphate glass‐ceramics is their high electrical conductivity when compared with oxide glasses.
Social acceptance of death and its implication for end‐of‐life care
Authors: Ruíz‐Fernández María Dolores , Fernández‐Medina Isabel María , Granero‐Molina José , Hernández‐Padilla José Manuel , Correa‐Casado Matías , Fernández‐Sola Cayetano 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsTo understand how the social patterns about death influence end‐of‐life care from the perspective of healthcare professionals.DesignA qualitative study according to the theory of Glaser and Strauss.MethodsA purposeful sample of 47 participants with different roles (nurses, physicians and clinical psychologists) were involved in four focus groups and 17 interviews in 2017–2019. Responses were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using computer‐assisted qualitative data.ResultsA core category ‘the theory of social patterns about death’ emerged, which is explained by three categories: the culture of concealment and stubbornness towards death, the effort and internal work to make death a part of existence, and the influence of the social patterns of coping with death on end‐of life care and healthcare professionals. Our results suggest that social coping with death is affected by a network of concealment and obstinacy towards death.ConclusionRecognizing death as part of life and thinking about death itself are social coping strategies. Although healthcare professionals occupy a privileged place in this process, the culture of concealment of death influences end‐of‐life care.ImpactThe social process that leads to the loneliness of the dying in our days has been theorized. However, social acceptance of death also influences healthcare professionals’ attitudes towards death. Thus, healthcare professionals’ own attitudes may affect the end‐of‐life care given to dying individuals and their families. The social patterns of death may contribute to the healthcare professionals’ negative attitudes towards death. The concept of dignified death has been linked to the notion of humanization of healthcare. Death should be approached from a more naturalistic perspective by healthcare professionals, healthcare and academic institutions.
The 2018 EFP/AAP periodontitis case classification demonstrates high agreement with the 2012 CDC/AAP criteria
Authors: Ortigara Gabriela Barbieri , Mário Ferreira Ticiane de Góes , Tatsch Karen Finger , Romito Giuseppe Alexandre , Ardenghi Thiago Machado , Sfreddo Camila Silveira , Moreira Carlos Heitor Cunha 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate the agreement between the 2018 EFP/AAP periodontitis case classification and the 2012 CDC/AAP criteria.Materials and MethodsThis cross‐sectional study assessed a population‐based sample from a rural area in southern Brazil. A complete periodontal examination was performed at six sites/tooth. The periodontitis case definition was estimated and compared according to the 2018 EFP/AAP classification and the 2012 CDC/AAP criteria (reference). Diagnostic tests included sensitivity (SN), specificity (SP), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and area under ROC curve (AUC).ResultsFive hundred and eighty‐eight subjects with ≥6 teeth each were included. Based on the 2018 EFP/AAP classification, 71.1% of the subjects were classified as stage III/IV showing 100% agreement with 2012 CDC/AAP criteria for the severe category. For the moderate and severe classification, the 2018 EFP/AAP SN was 99.8% and 100%, SP 13.6% and 43.6%, PPV 83.4% and 47.4%, and NPV 93.7% and 100%, respectively. The AUC was 0.9059 (95% CI = 0.879–0.933) and the optimal cut‐off based on the curve was stage III.ConclusionsThe 2018 EFP/AAP periodontitis case classification showed high agreement with the 2012 CDC/AAP criteria in a rural sample with high periodontitis occurrence.
Environmental factors affecting Edwardsiella ictaluri‐induced mortality of riverine ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis (Temminck & Schlegel)
Authors: Takeuchi Hisato , Hiratsuka Motoyuki , Hori Kazutomo , Oinuma Hiroki , Umino Yoshiyuki , Nakano Daiki , Iwadare Mayu , Tomono Ryuji , Imai Toshihiro , Mashiko Hirohito , Namba Aki , Takase Tomohiro , Shimizu Sonoko , Nakai Toshihiro , Mano Nobuhiro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe analysed the predisposing factors for Edwardsiella ictaluri infection in the riverine ayu Plecoglossus altivelis on the basis of environmental and epidemiological data obtained in a tributary to and the lower reaches of the Tama River, Japan, in July and August 2011–2015. Mortality of ayu due to E. ictaluri infection was observed only in the tributary in August 2012 and 2013; both periods were unusually hot. During these mortality events, daily average water temperatures rose approximately 3–4°C over 4–8 days, reaching the optimum temperature for E. ictaluri infection (>25°C) and approaching the upper tolerable limit for ayu (30°C). Diurnal water temperature ranges (DWTRs) in the tributary during the mortality events exceeded 6°C, which was 1–2°C greater than in the lower reaches. Experimental infection of ayu with E. ictaluri resulted in higher mortality when exposed to 6°C DWTR than to 4°C DWTR. Furthermore, water levels in the tributary were generally low in August 2012 and 2013 because of low rainfall. From these results, we conclude that unusually high‐water temperatures combined with high DWTRs and low water levels drove riverine ayu mortality from E. ictaluri infection.
Systemic quinolones and risk of acute liver failure III: A nested case–control study using a US electronic health records database
Authors: Taher Mohamed Kadry , Crispo James A G , Fortin Yannick , Moog Ryan , McNair Douglas , Bjerre Lise M , Momoli Franco , Mattison Donald , Krewski Daniel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and AimQuinolones are globally popular antibiotics with proven potency, broad coverage, and reasonable safety. However, some concerns were raised as to their possible association with acute liver failure (ALF). The aim of this study is to assess ALF risk within 30 days of receiving a systemically administered quinolone antibiotic, in individuals with no history of liver/diseases.MethodsWe conducted a nested case–control study using electronic health records from the Cerner Health Facts. The initial cohort (n = 35 349 943) included all patients who were admitted between 2000 and 2016, with no history of liver diseases, and had a minimum medical history of one year. Eligible cases were inpatients who were first diagnosed with ALF between 2010 and 2015. Using incidence density sampling, each case was matched with up to five unique controls by sex, race, age at index encounter, and period‐at‐risk. We used conditional logistic regression to calculate the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for ALF risk, upon adjusting for exposure to other medications, and major confounders (diabetes mellitus and alcohol abuse). We used the STROBE Statement for reporting on our study.ResultsWe identified 3151 cases and 15 657 controls. Our primary analysis did not reveal an association between quinolones and ALF risk. However, some risk was identified among those with no or few comorbidities, those ≤ 60 years of age, women, men, African Americans, and Caucasians.ConclusionAlthough our study does not suggest an overall association between quinolones and ALF, elevated risks seen in some subgroups warrant further investigation.
Towards “mobility is medicine”: Socioecological factors and hospital mobility in older adults
Authors: Pavon Juliessa M. , Fish Laura J. , Colón‐Emeric Cathleen S. , Hall Katherine S. , Morey Miriam C. , Pastva Amy M. , Hastings Susan N. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the factors that influence hospital mobility, especially in the context of a heightened focus on falls prevention, is needed to improve care.ObjectiveThis qualitative study uses a socioecological framework to explore factors that influence hospital mobility in older adults.DesignQualitative researchParticipantsSemi‐structured interviews and focus groups were conducted with medically‐ill hospitalized older adults (n = 19) and providers (hospitalists, nurses, and physical and occupational therapists (n = 48) at two hospitals associated with an academic health system.ApproachInterview and focus group guides included questions on perceived need for mobility, communication about mobility, hospital mobility culture, and awareness of patients' walking activity. Data were analyzed thematically and mapped onto the constructs of the socioecological model.Key ResultsA consistent theme among patients and providers was that “mobility is medicine.” Categories of factors reported to influence hospital walking activity included intrapersonal factors (patients' health status, fear of falls), interpersonal factors (patient‐provider communication about mobility), organizational factors (clarity about provider roles and responsibilities, knowledge of safe patient handling, reliance on physical therapy for mobility), and environmental factors (falls as a never event, patient geographical locations on hospital units). Several of these factors were identified as potentially modifiable targets for intervention. Patients and providers offered recommendations for improving awareness of patient's ambulatory activity, assigning roles and responsibility for mobility, and enhancing education and communication between patients and providers across disciplines.ConclusionPatients and providers identified salient factors for future early mobility initiatives targeting hospitalized older adults. Consideration of these factors across all stages of intervention development and implementation will enhance impact and sustainability.
Musculoskeletal modelling of the Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) hindlimb: Effects of limb posture on leverage during terrestrial locomotion
Authors: Wiseman Ashleigh L. A. , Bishop Peter J. , Demuth Oliver E. , Cuff Andrew R. , Michel Krijn B. , Hutchinson John R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe developed a three‐dimensional, computational biomechanical model of a juvenile Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) pelvis and hindlimb, composed of 47 pelvic limb muscles, to investigate muscle function. We tested whether crocodiles, which are known to use a variety of limb postures during movement, use limb orientations (joint angles) that optimise the moment arms (leverages) or moment‐generating capacities of their muscles during different limb postures ranging from a high walk to a sprawling motion. We also describe the three‐dimensional (3D) kinematics of the crocodylian hindlimb during terrestrial locomotion across an instrumented walkway and a treadmill captured via X‐ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology (biplanar fluoroscopy; ‘XROMM’). We reconstructed the 3D positions and orientations of each of the hindlimb bones and used dissection data for muscle lines of action to reconstruct a focal, subject‐specific 3D musculoskeletal model. Motion data for different styles of walking (a high, crouched, bended and two types of sprawling motion) were fed into the 3D model to identify whether any joints adopted near‐optimal poses for leverage across each of the behaviours. We found that (1) the hip adductors and knee extensors had their largest leverages during sprawling postures and (2) more erect postures typically involved greater peak moment arms about the hip (flexion‐extension), knee (flexion) and metatarsophalangeal (flexion) joints. The results did not fully support the hypothesis that optimal poses are present during different locomotory behaviours because the peak capacities were not always reached around mid‐stance phase. Furthermore, we obtained few clear trends for isometric moment‐generating capacities. Therefore, perhaps peak muscular leverage in Nile crocodiles is instead reached either in early/late stance or possibly during swing phase or other locomotory behaviours that were not studied here, such as non‐terrestrial movement. Alternatively, our findings could reflect a trade‐off between having to execute different postures, meaning that hindlimb muscle leverage is not optimised for any singular posture or behaviour. Our model, however, provides a comprehensive set of 3D estimates of muscle actions in extant crocodiles which can form a basis for investigating muscle function in extinct archosaurs.
Influence of anxiety and resilience on depression among hospital nurses: A comparison of nurses working with confirmed and suspected patients in the COVID‐19 and non‐COVID‐19 units
Authors: Doo Eun‐Young , Kim Miyoung , Lee Soyoung , Lee Su Young , Lee Ka Young 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesThis study aimed to compare anxiety, resilience, and depression between COVID‐19 unit (confirmed patients and suspected patients) and non‐COVID‐19 unit nurses and assess their effects on depression.BackgroundNurses working during the global pandemic are known to be physically and psychologically exhausted, and experience severe anxiety and depression. However, there is a lack of studies comparing anxiety and depression between COVID‐19 and non‐COVID‐19 unit nurses.DesignDescriptive research study.MethodsThis study was conducted on 64 nurses who directly worked for more than a month in a COVID‐19 unit of a general hospital with nationally designated negative‐pressure isolation beds and 64 nurses working in a non‐COVID‐19 unit. Data were collected through questionnaires and were analysed using SPSS 25.0. Reporting of this research adheres to the STROBE guidelines.ResultsAnxiety and depression were significantly higher in nurses working with patients suspected to have COVID‐19 rather than nurses working with confirmed COVID‐19 patients and non‐COVID‐19 patients. Resilience was significantly lower in suspected patient unit nurses than in COVID‐19 unit nurses. Anxiety was the major factor predicting depression in both COVID‐19 unit (confirmed patients and suspected patients) and non‐COVID‐19 unit nurses with 76.6%, 80.7%, and 63.6% explanatory power, respectively.ConclusionsAmong nurses working in COVID‐19 units, suspected patients unit nurses had higher depression than confirmed patients unit nurses due to an unsafe facility environment, insufficient personal protective equipment, and unknown conditions of the patients. Thus, interventions which have a high impact on depression need to be provided to relieve anxiety.Relevance to clinical practiceThe nursing organisation must provide comprehensive support including coordinated shifts, internal motivation, incentives, up‐to‐date information, and clear infection prevention guidelines to relieve anxiety caused by exhaustive workload, uncertainty of infectious diseases, and lack of human and material resources.
Clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes associated with vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia: A retrospective study of 118 patients
Authors: Yu Dake , Qu Pengpeng , Liu Meihua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe incidence of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN) is increasing annually; however, the reported values are likely underestimated. Risk factors for VAIN include advanced age, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, history of hysterectomy, and simultaneous or previous cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or cervical cancer cervical cancer. The most common presentation is abnormal cytology without clinical symptoms. Despite various treatment modalities available, the rate of disease recurrence is high, and its malignant potential has been documented. This study aimed to examine demographic and clinical characteristics and associated treatment outcomes of patients with VAIN. We retrospectively reviewed clinicopathologic data and clinical outcomes of patients diagnosed with VAIN at a single center between January 2010 and December 2017. Overall, 118 patients were included (average age 49.81 ± 9.77 years; range, 26–70 years). The distribution of the histologic grade was as follows: VAIN1, 30.5%; VAIN2, 41.5%; and VAIN3, 28.0%. In total, 97 (82.2%) patients had either prior or simultaneous cervical lesions, CIN (35.6%), or cervical cancer (55, 46.6%). A total of 100 cases (84.7%) were diagnosed using colposcopy and 18 (15.3%) were diagnosed by pathological accident after hysterectomy. Thin‐prep cytology test (TCT) results were available for 112 (94.9%) patients, and 111 (94.1%) patients had abnormal cytology findings. Most patients were confirmed as HPV positive (115, 97.5%), and 84 (71.2%) patients were confirmed as positive for high‐risk HPV types. Forty‐two (35.6%) patients underwent hysterectomy before VAIN diagnosis, and the median interval between hysterectomy and VAIN diagnosis was 26.5 (range: 3–68) months. Most surgical indications were HPV‐related diseases (34, 80.9%), such as CIN (8, 19.0%) or cervical cancer (26, 61.9%). Eight patients had no history of cervical lesions. A total of 100 patients underwent initial treatment. During the median follow‐up period of 29 (range: 9–96) months, 78 (78%) patients experienced disease remission after initial treatment, 7 (7%) experienced disease recurrence, 10 (10%) had persistent disease, and 5 (5%) had progressive disease. Finally, two patients developed vaginal cancer without death. Colposcopy should be performed before vaginal hysterectomy for VAIN, particularly HPV‐related cases. The incidence of VAIN was 20% after hysterectomy owing to non‐HPV‐related lesions; thus, this part of the screening should not be discontinued. VAIN grade 2,3 and VAIN associated with CIN or cervical cancer are disease types more likely to recur and progress to invasive cancer; active medical intervention is recommended.