bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green tea dietary supplementation in broiler chickens: Effect on the development of chicken intestine
Authors: Liu Wuyi , Rouzmehr Fariba , Wang Xin , Seidavi Alireza 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis experiment explored the dietary effects of green tea (Camellia sinensis) in feed supplementation on the development of broiler chicks. Totally, two hundred and seventy‐day‐old male broiler chicks were assigned to 27 broiler groups each with 10 individuals (initial mean body weight 44.2 ± 1.3 g) in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement. Each chicken group was supplemented with the feed additives of green tea powder. The trial data were measured and obtained based on the records of carcass traits and intestine characteristics of broiler chicken fed with four different additive levels of green tea (0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1.00%). The experiment lasted for two trial periods of 21 days and 42 days for each treatment of the green tea supplement with full records of broiler traits. There were interesting results recorded in the majority of broiler intestinal traits between the two trial periods. There are a few significant differences (p < .05) observed among multiple comparisons of some intestinal traits in broiler chicks such as colon diameter (p = .022) and jejunum width (p = .01). The most significant differences exist in these intestinal traits of chicken right and left cecum among broiler chicks fed with dietary green tea powder (p < .05). The other intestinal characteristics of broiler chicks were recorded from single treatment are insignificantly distinguished compared with the control groups. There are also some near significant differences of chicken intestinal carcass traits and characteristics. These results and experimental data of this study extend the current knowledge on the dietary effects of green tea in chicken raising and feeding with dietary supplementation.
A Futile Use of Futility
Authors: Goldberg Aryeh 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAs the rates of intravenous opioid use have increased, so have its associated medical complications, such as endocarditis, and known interventions, such as heart‐valve replacements. For many patients, including Jacob, whose case was brought to my psychiatric consult service and to my colleagues in the clinical ethics service, relapse increases the risk of repeat endocarditis and the need for repeat surgical interventions. Previous works have posed the bioethical quandary regarding the responsibilities of a surgeon in these repeat procedures and whether a surgeon may ethically refuse to perform a repeat intervention in a patient who has relapsed. Notions of futility are commonly used to navigate this complex terrain, and they were the focus of the ethics consideration given to Jacob's case, in which surgeons were reluctant to perform valve replacements. In this narrative essay, I interrogate the concept of futility by appealing to its history and variable meanings, and I argue against its relevance in cases like Jacob's. I propose that a more suitable bioethical approach in such cases would consider resource allocation, the sociocultural stigma of addiction, and the interpersonal and narrative factors that make each case unique.
A Small‐Town Heart
Authors: Lahey Tim , Herbst Jennifer L. , Gross Marielle S. , Scully Brandi Braud 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMelanie presented at twenty weeks of gestation to an obstetrics clinic in a critical access hospital in rural Vermont. She was excited to undergo routine fetal ultrasonography, but her obstetrician gave her grave news: the ultrasound revealed hypoplastic left heart syndrome, a devastating congenital heart defect. Initially, Melanie agreed in general to pursue surgical care for her fetus—a three‐stage process that has somewhat uncertain results and could only be done in tertiary care facilities far from her home in Vermont. A week later, while the maternal fetal medicine and pediatric cardiology units made arrangements with colleagues in Boston, Melanie began having second thoughts. An ethics meeting was called to discuss conflicting clinician reactions to Melanie's dilemma. Most of the clinicians were stunned that the patient would change her mind. What advice should the ethics consultant offer the team about caring for Melanie?
Prescription Requirements and Patient Autonomy: Considering an Over‐the‐Counter Default
Authors: Kilbride Madison , Joffe Steven , Lynch Holly Fernandez 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhen new drugs are approved by the Food and Drug Administration, the default assumption is that they will be available by prescription only, safe for use exclusively under clinical supervision. The paternalism underlying this default must be interrogated in order to ensure appropriate respect for patient autonomy. Upon closer inspection, prescription requirements are justified when nonprescription status would risk harm to third parties and when a large segment of the population would struggle to exercise their autonomy in using a drug safely and effectively on their own. Although these justifications can support prescription status for many drugs, we propose that reversing the FDA's current default to instead begin with a presumption in favor of over‐the‐counter status is the best way to avoid interference with valid claims of patient autonomy. Under this approach, a range of drug products could be considered for an OTC switch, including oral contraceptives, statins, and HIV‐prevention drugs.
Early appearance of developmental alterations in the dendritic tree of the hippocampal granule cells in theTs65Dnmodel of Down syndrome
Authors: Uguagliati Beatrice , Al‐Absi Abdel‐Rahman , Stagni Fiorenza , Emili Marco , Giacomini Andrea , Guidi Sandra , Nyengaard Jens Randel , Bartesaghi Renata 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDown syndrome (DS), a genetic condition caused by triplication of chromosome 21, is characterized by alterations in various cognitive domains, including hippocampus‐dependent memory functions, starting from early life stages. The major causes of intellectual disability in DS are prenatal neurogenesis alterations followed by impairment of dendritic development in early infancy. While there is evidence that the Ts65Dn mouse, the most widely used model of DS, exhibits dendritic alterations in adulthood, no studies are available regarding the onset of dendritic pathology. The goal of the current study was to establish whether this model exhibits early dendritic alterations in the hippocampus, a region whose function is severely damaged in DS. To this purpose, in Golgi‐stained brains, we evaluated the dendritic arborization and dendritic spines of the granule cells of the hippocampal dentate gyrus in Ts65Dn mice aged 8 (P8) and 15 (P15) days. While P15 Ts65Dn mice exhibited a notably hypotrophic dendritic arbor and a reduced spine density, P8 mice exhibited a moderate reduction in the number of dendritic ramifications and no differences in spine density in comparison with their euploid counterparts. Both in P8 and P15 mice, spines were longer and had a longer neck, suggesting possible alterations in synaptic function. Moreover, P8 and P15 Ts65Dn mice had more thin spines and fewer stubby spines in comparison with euploid mice. Our study provides novel evidence on the onset of dendritic pathology, one of the causes of intellectual disability in DS, showing that it is already detectable in the dentate gyrus of Ts65Dn pups. This evidence strengthens the suitability of this model of DS as a tool to study dendritic pathology in DS and to test the efficacy of early therapeutic interventions aimed at ameliorating hippocampal development and, therefore, memory functions in children with DS.
Efficacy of canakinumab in mild or severe COVID‐19 pneumonia
Authors: Falasca Katia , Di Penta Myriam , Ucciferri Claudio , Auricchio Antonio , Di Nicola Marta , Marchioni Michele , Celletti Eleonora , Sabatini Emanuela , Cipollone Francesco , Vecchiet Jacopo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundClinicians all around the world are currently experiencing a pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Several therapeutic strategies have been used until now but, to date, there is no specific therapy to treat SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. In this study, we used canakinumab, a human monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin‐1 beta to improve respiratory function and laboratory parameters compared with standard therapy (hydroxycloroquine plus lopinavir/ritonavir).MethodsWe enrolled 34 patients with mild or severe non intensive care unit (ICU) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19): 17 patients treated with standard therapy and 17 patients treated with a subcutaneous single dose of canakinumab 300 mg. We collected data about oxygen supports and laboratory parameters such as inflammation indices and hemogasanalysis. We compared the data collected before the administration of canakinumab (T0), 3 days after T0 (T1) and 7 days after T0 (T2) with the same data from patients taking the standard therapy.ResultsWe observed a reduction in inflammation indices and a significant and rapid increase in P/F ratio in canakinumab group, with improvement of 60.3% after the administration. We reported a significant reduction in oxygen flow in patients treated with canakinumab (−28.6% at T1 vs. T0 and −40.0% at T2 vs. T1). Conversely, the standard group increased the supply of high oxygen at T1 versus T0 (+66.7%), but reduced oxygen flows at T2 versus T1 (−40.0%).ConclusionIn hospitalized adult patients with mild or severe non ICU COVID‐19, canakinumab could be a valid therapeutic option. Canakinumab therapy causes rapid and long‐lasting improvement in oxygenation levels in the absence of any severe adverse events.
Cross-talk Between Histone and DNA Methylation Mediates Bone Loss in Hind Limb Unloading
Authors: Li Bing , Zhao Jie , Ma Jianxiong , Chen Weibo , Zhou Ce , Wei Wuzeng , Li Shuai , Li Guomin , Xin Guosheng , Zhang Yang , Liu Jun , Wang Yinsong , Ma Xinlong 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Bone loss induced by mechanical unloading is a common skeletal disease, but the precise mechanism remains unclear. The current study investigated the role of histone methylation, a key epigenetic marker, and its cross-talk with DNA methylation in bone loss induced by mechanical unloading. The expression of G9a, ubiquitin-like with PHD and ring finger domains 1 (UHRF1), and DNA methylation transferase 1 (DNMT1) were increased in hind limb unloading (HLU) rats. This was accompanied by an increased level of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) di-/tri-methylation at lncH19 promoter. Then, alteration of G9a, DNMT1, or UHRF1 expression significantly affected lncH19 level and osteogenic activity in UMR106 cells. Osteogenic gene expression and matrix mineralization were robustly promoted after simultaneous knockdown of G9a, DNMT1, and UHRF1. Furthermore, physical interactions of lncH19 promoter with G9a and DNMT1, as well as direct interactions among DNMT1, G9a, and UHRF1 were detected. Importantly, overexpression of DNMT1, G9a, or UHRF1, respectively, resulted in enrichment of H3K9me2/me3 and 5-methylcytosine at lncH19 promoter. Finally, in vivo rescue experiments indicated that knockdown of DNMT1, G9a, or UHRF1 significantly relieved bone loss in HLU rats. In conclusion, our research demonstrated the critical role of H3K9 methylation and its cross-talk with DNA methylation in regulating lncH19 expression and bone loss in HLU rats. Combined targeting of DNMT1, G9a, and UHRF1 could be a promising strategy for the treatment of bone loss induced by mechanical unloading. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
The national identity on the border: Indonesian language awareness and attitudes through multi‐ethnic community involvement
Authors: Martono Martono , Dewantara Jagad Aditya , Efriani Efriani , Prasetiyo Wibowo Heru 
Published: January 2021

AbstractState borders are the areas that are vulnerable to the degradation of national identity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes and the behavior of language use among the multi‐ethnic Indonesian of predominantly Dayak, Malay, and Chinese who resided on the Indonesia–Malaysia border. The present research applied a qualitative ethnographic approach to document and to describe how a group of multi‐ethnic communities participated in building their awareness, attitudes and practices of language as a national identity. The data were taken from 20 informants. They were teachers, students, local people, entrepreneurs, and state civil apparatus. The research found out that the ethnic groups on the border were highly aware of using Indonesian language as evidenced through a form of community involvement, volunteerism and social attitudes in civilizing Indonesian as the dominant language at the border. Their awareness was shown through their involvement, volunteerism, and social attitudes in developing Indonesian language as the dominant language in the border. It is argued that the involvement of all ethnic groups on the border affects positively on strengthening their attitudes and awareness in using Indonesian language.
Biocompatibility of the 8.25% sodium hypochlorite irrigant solution in endodontics: An in vivo study
Authors: Demenech Luciana S. , Tomazinho Flávia S. F. , Baratto‐Filho Flares , Brancher João A. , Pereira Luiz F. , Gabardo Marilisa C. L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe biocompatibility of irrigant solutions, including 8.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), was analyzed in samples (n = 25) of chorioallantoic membranes (CAM) from embryos of the Gallus gallus, using the hen's egg test on chorioallantoic membrane (HET‐CAM). The following irrigants were tested: saline (control), 2% chlorhexidine (2% CHX), and NaOCl (2.5%, 5.25%, and 8.25%), and morphological and microcirculatory changes were investigated. Images were selected and quantified with Image J®. The macroscopic data were submitted to ANOVA, followed by the Tukey's test (p < .05); non‐parametric Kruskal‐Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests were applied to histological data (p < .05). The frequency of hyperemia differed significantly in the 8.25% NaOCl compared to the other groups, with the exception of 5.25% NaOCl (p = .096). Coagulation was more frequent in the 2% CHX group, differing significantly from the 2.5% NaOCl group (p = .038). In mean values, NaOCl 8.25% caused the decrease (NaOCl = 2.60, and control = 5.00) of vessels in the microcirculation, as well as triggered the increase (NaOCl = 425.50, and control 44.50) of inflammatory cells in the observed areas. There was necrosis in all samples in the 5.25% NaOCl group and in 80% in the 2% CHX, 2.5% NaOCl, and 8.25% NaOCl groups. Fibroblasts were detected only in the control group. It was concluded that the 8.25% NaOCl solution showed significantly high toxicity on CAM. However, these results were comparable to the other concentrations of NaOCl and to 2% CHX. Thus, in this experimental protocol, 8.25% NaOCl proved to be viable as an irrigant solution.
HCC Detection on Surveillance US
Authors: da Silva Priscila Henriques , Gomes Matheus Menezes , de Matos Carla Adriana Loureiro , de Souza e Silva Ivonete Sandra , Gonzalez Adriano Miziara , Torres Ulysses S. , Salazar Gloria Maria Martinez , D'Ippolito Giuseppe 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveFocused US examinations of the liver in the routine hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) screening reduce the time spent on evaluating other structures deemed irrelevant to the clinical setting. It is still unknown, however, if such a strategy may additionally improve the frequency of nodules detection. We aimed to assess the impact of an HCC surveillance program in high‐risk patients by means of targeted liver US following LI‐RADS technical guidelines in comparison to a complete upper abdominal scan.MethodsIn this IRB‐approved, single‐center, prospective study, patients at high‐risk for HCC enrolled from 06/2016 to 09/2019 were randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 institutional protocols: Group A (targeted liver US) or Group B (complete upper abdominal scan). Twenty examiners with similar experience in abdominal US were randomly assigned to perform the examinations exclusively in 1 of the groups (10 in each group). Frequency of hepatic nodules between groups was compared by using Fisher's exact test.ResultsFour hundred and sixty‐five patients were enrolled, with no significant differences in both groups regarding sex, age, etiology of liver disease, MELD scores, and alpha‐fetoprotein levels. A significantly higher frequency of nodules detection was found in Group A (230 patients; 23 nodules detected; 10% of the sample) in comparison to Group B (235 patients; 3 nodules; 1.3% of the sample) (p <.001). Five patients in Group A and 1 in Group B were positive for HCC after full diagnostic work‐up.ConclusionAdopting an HCC screening program based on targeted liver US improved the detection of hepatic nodules among high‐risk individuals.
Perioperative Outcomes After Tracheostomy Placement Among Complex Pediatric Patients
Authors: Davidson Christian , Jacob Benjamin , Brown Ashley , Brooks Rebecca , Bailey Candace , Whitney Cindy , Chorney Stephen , Lenes‐Voit Felicity , Johnson Romaine F. 
Published: January 2021

Objectives/HypothesisTo compare perioperative outcomes after pediatric tracheostomy placement based on patient complexity.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsAll patients that underwent tracheostomy placement at a tertiary children's hospital between 2015 and 2019 were followed. Children with a history of major cardiac surgery, sepsis, or total parental nutrition (TPN) were grouped as complex. Admission length, tracheostomy‐related complications, in‐hospital mortality, and 30‐day readmissions were recorded among complex and non‐complex patients.ResultsA total of 238 children were included. Mean age at tracheostomy was 39.9 months (SD: 61.3), 51% were male and 51% were complex. Complex patients were younger at admission (29.9 vs. 46.8 months, P = .03), more likely to have respiratory failure (81% vs. 53%, P < .001) and more often required mechanical ventilation at discharge (86% vs. 67%, P < .001). An additional 33 days after placement was required for complex children (95% CI: 14–51, P = .001) and this group had more deaths (8% vs. 1%, P = .02); however, both groups had similar complication and readmission rates (P > .05). Total charges were higher among complex patients ($700,267 vs. $338,937, P < .001). Parametric survival analysis identified mechanical ventilation and patient complexity interacting to predict post‐tracheostomy admission length.ConclusionsHospital discharge after pediatric tracheostomy was associated with patient complexity and further influenced by mechanical ventilation. Recognition that cardiac surgery, sepsis, or TPN can predict poorer perioperative outcomes can provide quality improvement strategies for these vulnerable children.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E2469–E2474, 2021
Experiential gifts as meaningful moments and memories: Their influence on nostalgia, and relive intention
Authors: Puente‐Díaz Rogelio , Cavazos‐Arroyo Judith 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe tested the influence of experiential versus material gifts on nostalgia through their influence on perceptions of meaningful moments and memories and examined one consequence of nostalgia: relive intentions. Participants from Study 1 were randomly assigned to recall and write about an experiential or a material gift they received and completed a measure of nostalgia, perceptions of meaningful moments, and relive intentions. Results showed that meaningful moments mediated the relationship between experiential gifts and nostalgia. Nostalgia was positively related to reliving intentions. Study 2 was an identical replication. Results showed a significant mediation of meaningful moments on the relationship between experiential gifts and nostalgia. Nostalgia was positively related to reliving intentions. We conducted an additional replication with older participants in Study 3. Results showed the same mediation of meaningful moments on the relationship between experiential gifts and nostalgia. In Study 4, participants were randomly assigned to recall and write about a gift that represented a meaningful or an ordinary moment and completed the same measures as Study 2. Results showed a positive influence of recalling a gift that represented a meaningful moment on nostalgia. To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies to examine nostalgia in the gift exchange.
Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry at the true cyclotron frequency
Authors: Nagornov Konstantin O. , Tsybin Oleg Y. , Nicol Edith , Kozhinov Anton N. , Tsybin Yury O. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIon cyclotron resonance (ICR) cells provide stability and coherence of ion oscillations in crossed electric and magnetic fields over extended periods of time. Using the Fourier transform enables precise measurements of ion oscillation frequencies. These precisely measured frequencies are converted into highly accurate mass‐to‐charge ratios of the analyte ions by calibration procedures. In terms of resolution and mass accuracy, Fourier transform ICR mass spectrometry (FT‐ICR MS) offers the highest performance of any MS technology. This is reflected in its wide range of applications. However, in the most challenging MS application, for example, imaging, enhancements in the mass accuracy of fluctuating ion fluxes are required to continue advancing the field. One approach is to shift the ion signal power into the peak corresponding to the true cyclotron frequency instead of the reduced cyclotron frequency peak. The benefits of measuring the true cyclotron frequency include increased tolerance to electric fields within the ICR cell, which enhances frequency measurement precision. As a result, many attempts to implement this mode of FT‐ICR MS operation have occurred. Examples of true cyclotron frequency measurements include detection of magnetron inter‐harmonics of the reduced cyclotron frequency (i.e., the sidebands), trapping field‐free (i.e., screened) ICR cells, and hyperbolic ICR cells with quadrupolar ion detection. More recently, ICR cells with spatially distributed ion clouds have demonstrated attractive performance characteristics for true cyclotron frequency ion detection. Here, we review the corresponding developments in FT‐ICR MS over the past 40 years.
Thermodynamic analysis of the extension of solid solubility in copper‐lead immiscible system prepared by mechanical alloying
Authors: Wu Z.F. , Xie T. , Wu J. , Zhang L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractX‐ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy and thermodynamic calculations in the Miedema's model were used to study the extension of solid solubility in copper‐lead immiscible system prepared by mechanical alloying. The result shows that the nanocrystalline supersaturated solid solution formed during the alloying process. The Gibbs free energy change in this system during the formation of solid solution is calculated and shows to be positive, which means that a thermodynamic barrier exists for the formation of this alloy system in solid state. It has been found that the additional energy stored in nanocrystalline copper‐lead alloy during the alloying process as a result of crystallite size reduction and increased dislocation density, would be high enough to overcome the thermodynamic barrier in the formation of a solid solution.