bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intelligent-Agent Approach to Distance Learning
Authors: Fukuda Shuichi , Matsuura Yoshifusa , Kandie Kigen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
With the proliferation of computers at home and in the work place, email, internet browsers, chat rooms, and network bandwidth availability, the traditional concept of skill training passed from experts to apprentices can now take on a new paradigm shift where these skills can be taught over the internet. With the primary goal of developing a general tool that supports the transfer of skill from an expert to a group of users, this paper proposes a new approach to distance learning, which we consider a subset of the above group, from the current one-to-one (or top-down) approach to a many-to-many (or bottom-up) approach. We introduce the concept of a network centric intelligent agent that will support the passing of knowledge from teacher to students.
Methods of 3D-Modelling With Parametric CAD-Systems of the Newest Generation
Authors: Grote Karl-H. , Schumann Soeren 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The authors are searching for new ways of using CAD-systems in the engineering design process. This contents among others the creation as well as the refreshing and continued handling of computer-based, three-dimensional product models to be built as prototypes on the department’s Rapid Prototyping machine [1, 2, 3].
In spite of the many advantages of the C-technologies, on several areas a deficit in its dissemination and effective usage still is noticed.
The following paper will give an overview on how the parametrical, feature based 3D-CAD-modeler may support the engineering design process. It is described, which functionality the parametric functions of these modelers are offering to the user and how the work with parametrical CAD-systems is structured. Advises are given for a more competitive implementation and time saving work with these systems.
Piping Route Path Planning Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Ito Teruaki , Fukuda Shuichi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
With the increasing diversity of personal preferences for products, the conventional style of design using a series of consecutive procedures is inadequate to create designs that satisfy those preferences under the frequent changes of requirements in design specifications. Under these circumstances, conceptual design plays a key role to comply with those preferences and requirements, and to shorten the lead time in product development. This is also true in the domain of piping layout design, where a designer makes design in a trial-and-error way to comply with the requirements frequently changed in specification until the final design is formulated.
The paper describes an approach of piping route path planning using genetic algorithm (GA). Optimization technique of GA generates a preliminary route path through evolution of genes which represent the piping route path. A designer evaluates the route path, modifies it, and repeats the procedure until the appropriate path is designed. In this way, a designer can interactively proceed the layout of piping in a collaborative manner using a design support system. The paper shows the procedure of the method and some results of simulation.
A Model for Software Interoperation in Engineering Enterprise Integration
Authors: Howie Cameron T. , Law Kincho H. , Kunz John C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Engineering companies are seeking ways to achieve software interoperability between their internal applications and those of external vendors and customers. The emergence of open data exchange standards such as STEP, as well as the wide variety of possible implementation technologies, has led to our development of a model capable of supporting such software interoperation. Our model is independent of any specific implementation approach and protects proprietary knowledge of the software tools and data standards used within the participating organizations. It provides great flexibility in the configuration of software services and data exchange standards used. We have completed a formal description of the model and are now preparing to test it both locally at Stanford and with support from industrial corporations.
Prevalence of disabilities and non-communicable diseases in an elderly population in the Telangana state, India: a population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Marmamula Srinivas , Modepalli Satya Brahmanandam , Kumbham Thirupathi Reddy , Challa Rajesh , Keeffe Jill E 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of disabilities (vision, hearing, mobility, cognitive, self-care and communication) and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among the elderly population in two districts in Telangana, India.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional study using a cluster random sampling method to select the study clusters.SettingElderly population in Khammam and Warangal districts were recruited. Detailed interviews were conducted by trained community health workers. Personal and demographic information such as age, gender, level of education and a self-report of NCDs was collected. The Washington Disability Questionnaire was administered to assess the presence of disabilities.Participants1821 participants aged ≥60 years, 54.5% were women, and 73.3% had no education.Primary outcome measurePrevalence of disabilities and NCDs.ResultsOverall, the prevalence of at least disability was 20.3% (95% CI 16.3 to 24.9). The prevalence of self- reported disabilities were: seeing (5.9%; 95% CI 4.4 to 7.8), mobility (12.8%; 95% CI 9.7 to 16.8), hearing (3.6%; 95% CI 2.7 to 4.8), cognition (4.8%; 95% CI 3.5 to 6.7), self-care (3.3%; 95% CI 2.3 to 4.7) and communication (1.8%; 95% CI 1.2 to 2.6). Overall, the prevalence of at least one NCD was 34.2% (95% CI 30.9 to 37.7). Hypertension was the most common systemic condition (25.4%; 95% CI 22.4 to 28.7), followed by diabetes (9.0%; 95% CI 7.3 to 11.0), and body pains (muscle-skeletal) (9.9%; 95% CI 8.1 to 12.2).ConclusionEvery fifth elderly person in the districts of Khammam and Warangal in Telangana had at least one self-reported disability. Besides, a third of the elderly had at least one NCD. There is a definite need to develop comprehensive public health strategies to address disabilities and NCDs in Telangana.
Prospective, randomised, multicentre, open-label trial, designed to evaluate the best timing of closure of the temporary ileostomy (early versus late) in patients who underwent rectal cancer resection and with indication for adjuvant chemotherapy: the STOMAD (STOMa closure before or after ADjuvant therapy) randomised controlled trial
Authors: Massucco Paolo , Fontana Andrea , Mineccia Michela , Perotti Serena , Ciccone Giovannino , Galassi Claudia , Giuffrida Maria Carmela , Marino Donatella , Monsellato Igor , Paris Myriam Katja , Perinotti Roberto , Racca Patrizia , Monagheddu Chiara , Saccona Fabio , Ponte Elisa , Mistrangelo Massimiliano , Santarelli Mauro , Tomaselli Francesco , Reddavid Rossella , Birolo Simone , Calabrò Marcello , Pipitone Nicoletta , Panier Suffat Luca , Carrera Monica , Potente Francesco , Brunetti Marco , Rimonda Roberto , Adamo Vincenzo , Piscioneri Domenico , Cravero Francesca , Serventi Alberto , Giaminardi Eliana , Mazza Luca , Bellora Paolo , Colli Fabio , De Rosa Clemente , Battafarano Francesco , Trapani Renza , Mellano Alfredo , Gibin Enrico , Bellomo Paola 
Published: February 2021

IntroductionTemporary ileostomy is a valuable aid in reducing the severity of complications related to rectal cancer surgery. However, it is still unclear what is the best timing of its closure in relation to the feasibility of an adjuvant treatment, especially considering patient-reported outcomes and health system costs. The aim of the study is to compare the results of an early versus late closure strategy in patients with indication to adjuvant chemotherapy after resection for rectal cancer.Methods and analysisThis is a prospective multicentre randomised trial, sponsored by Rete Oncologica Piemonte e Valle d’Aosta (Oncology Network of Piedmont and Aosta Valley-Italy). Patients undergone to rectal cancer surgery with temporary ileostomy, aged >18 years, without evidence of anastomotic leak and with indication to adjuvant chemotherapy will be enrolled in 28 Network centres. An early closure strategy (between 30 and 40 days from rectal surgery) will be compared with a late one (after the end of adjuvant therapy). Primary endpoint will be the compliance to adjuvant chemotherapy with and without ileostomy. Complications associated with stoma closure as well as quality of life, costs and oncological outcomes will be assessed as secondary endpoints.Ethics and disseminationThe trial will engage the Network professional teams in a common effort to improve the treatment of rectal cancer by ensuring the best results in relation to the most correct use of resources. It will take into consideration both the patients’ point of view (patient-reported outcome) and the health system perspective (costs analysis). The study has been approved by the Ethical Review Board of Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital in Turin (Italy). The results of the study will be disseminated by the Network website, medical conferences and peer-reviewed scientific journals.Trial registration numberNCT04372992.
Real-life use of talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) in melanoma patients in centers in Austria, Switzerland and Germany
Authors: Ressler Julia Maria , Karasek Matthias , Koch Lukas , Silmbrod Rita , Mangana Joanna , Latifyan Sofiya , Aedo-Lopez Veronica , Kehrer Helmut , Weihsengruber Felix , Koelblinger Peter , Posch Christian , Kofler Julian , Michielin Olivier , Richtig Erika , Hafner Christine , Hoeller Christoph 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundTalimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) is a licensed therapy for use in melanoma patients of stage IIIB-IVM1a with injectable, unresectable metastatic lesions in Europe. Approval was based on the Oncovex Pivotal Trial in Melanoma study, which also included patients with distant metastases and demonstrated an overall response rate (ORR) of 40.5% and a complete response (CR) rate of 16.6%.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the outcome of melanoma patients treated with T-VEC in a real-life clinical setting.MethodsBased on data from 10 melanoma centers in Austria, Switzerland and southern Germany, we conducted a retrospective chart review, which included 88 patients (44 male, 44 female) with a median age of 72 years (range 36–95 years) treated with T-VEC during the period from May 2016 to January 2020.Results88 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria for analysis. The ORR was 63.7%. 38 patients (43.2%) showed a CR, 18 (20.5%) had a partial response, 8 (9.1%) had stable disease and 24 (27.3%) patients had a progressive disease. The median treatment period was 19 weeks (range: 1–65), an average of 11 doses (range: 1–36) were applied. 39 (45.3%) patients developed adverse events, mostly mild, grade I (64.1%).ConclusionThis real-life cohort treatment with T-VEC showed a high ORR and a large number of durable CRs.
COVID-19 in patients with heart failure: the new and the old epidemic
Authors: Sisti Nicolò , Valente Serafina , Mandoli Giulia Elena , Santoro Ciro , Sciaccaluga Carlotta , Franchi Federico , Cameli Paolo , Mondillo Sergio , Cameli Matteo 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread in nearly 200 countries in less than 4 months since its first identification; accordingly, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 2019) has affirmed itself as a clinical challenge. The prevalence of pre-existing cardiovascular diseases in patients with COVID19 is high and this dreadful combination dictates poor prognosis along with the higher risk of intensive care mortality. In the setting of chronic heart failure, SARS-CoV-2 can be responsible for myocardial injury and acute decompensation through various mechanisms. Given the clinical and epidemiological complexity of COVID-19, patiens with heart failure may require particular care since the viral infection has been identified, considering an adequate re-evaluation of medical therapy and a careful monitoring during ventilation.
Google shopping queries for vaping products, JUUL and IQOS during the E-cigarette, or Vaping, product use Associated Lung Injury (EVALI) outbreak
Authors: Leas Eric C , Moy Natalie H , Nobles Alicia L , Ayers John , Zhu Shu-Hong , Purushothaman Vidya 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesTo assess whether the late 2019 US outbreak of pulmonary disease linked to vaping (‘E-cigarette, or Vaping, product use Associated Lung Injury’ (EVALI)) impacted online shopping queries for vaping products and the Philip Morris ‘IQO’ brand of heated tobacco.MethodsWe tracked online shopping queries for vape(s), JUUL and IQOS by analysing rates of Google queries indicative of shopping (eg, buy IQOS) after news of the outbreak was first reported (the week of 29 July 2019) until hospitalisations ceased (the week of 16 February 2020). We compared observed rates of shopping during the outbreak to counterfactual expected rates that were predicted using an autoregressive iterative moving average model fit to queries from 1 January 2014 to the week of 21 July 2019.ResultsDuring the outbreak, vape shopping queries were 34% (95% CI 30% to 38%) lower than expected and JUUL shopping queries were 39% (95% CI 34% to 45%) lower than expected, translating into about 7.2 and 1.0 million fewer searches. IQOS shopping queries were 58% (95% prediction interval (PI): 34–87) higher than expected, translating into 35 000 more searches. Moreover, IQOS shopping queries reached a historic high the week they were discussed as a potentially safe alternative to vaping (the week of 29 September 2019), when they were 382% (95% PI: 219–881) above expected rates for the week.ConclusionsThese results suggest that unplanned events, such as the EVALI outbreak, can provoke changes in the epidemiology of product usage. Tobacco companies should be prohibited from using events such as disease outbreaks to position their products as less harmful without prior approval.
Production of light nuclei in heavy ion collisions via hagedorn resonances
Authors: Gallmeister K. , Greiner C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe physical processes behind the production of light nuclei in heavy ion collisions are unclear. The successful theoretical description of experimental yields by thermal models conflicts with the very small binding energies of the observed states, being fragile in such a hot and dense environment. Other available ideas are delayed production via coalescence, or a cooling of the system after the chemical freeze-out according to a Saha equation, or a ‘quench’ instead of a thermal freeze-out. A recently derived prescription of an (interacting) Hagedorn gas is applied to consolidate the above pictures. The tabulation of decay rates of Hagedorn states into light nuclei allows to calculate yields usually inaccessible due to very poor Monte Carlo statistics. Decay yields of stable hadrons and light nuclei are calculated. While the scale-free decays of Hagedorn states alone are not compatible with the experimental data, a thermalized hadron and Hagedorn state gas is able to describe the experimental data. Applying a cooling of the system according to a Saha-equation with conservation of nucleon and anti-nucleon numbers leads to (nearly) temperature independent yields, thus a production of the light nuclei at temperatures much lower than the chemical freeze-out temperature is compatible with experimental data and with the statistical hadronization model.
Position uncertainties of AGATA pulse-shape analysis estimated via the bootstrapping method
Authors:   AGATA and OASIS collaborations, Siciliano M. , Ljungvall J. , Goasduff A. , Lopez-Martens A. , Zielińska M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe unprecedented capabilities of state-of-the-art segmented germanium-detector arrays, such as AGATA and GRETA, derive from the possibility of performing pulse-shape analysis. The comparison of the net- and transient-charge signals with databases via grid-search methods allows the identification of the $$\gamma $$
γ
-ray interaction points within the segment volume. Their precise determination is crucial for the subsequent reconstruction of the $$\gamma $$
γ
-ray paths within the array via tracking algorithms, and hence the performance of the spectrometer. In this paper the position uncertainty of the deduced interaction point is investigated using the bootstrapping technique applied to $$^{60}$$

60

Co radioactive-source data. General features of the extracted position uncertainty are discussed as well as its dependence on various quantities, e.g. the deposited energy, the number of firing segments and the segment geometry.
A Functional Taxonomy of Tumor Suppression in Oncogenic KRAS–Driven Lung Cancer
Authors: Cai Hongchen , Chew Su Kit , Li Chuan , Tsai Min K. , Andrejka Laura , Murray Christopher W. , Hughes Nicholas W. , Shuldiner Emily G. , Ashkin Emily L. , Tang Rui , Hung King L. , Chen Leo C. , Lee Shi Ya C. , Yousefi Maryam , Lin Wen-Yang , Kunder Christian A. , Cong Le , McFarland Christopher D. , Petrov Dmitri A. , Swanton Charles , Winslow Monte M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCancer genotyping has identified a large number of putative tumor suppressor genes. Carcinogenesis is a multistep process, but the importance and specific roles of many of these genes during tumor initiation, growth, and progression remain unknown. Here we use a multiplexed mouse model of oncogenic KRAS–driven lung cancer to quantify the impact of 48 known and putative tumor suppressor genes on diverse aspects of carcinogenesis at an unprecedented scale and resolution. We uncover many previously understudied functional tumor suppressors that constrain cancer in vivo. Inactivation of some genes substantially increased growth, whereas the inactivation of others increases tumor initiation and/or the emergence of exceptionally large tumors. These functional in vivo analyses revealed an unexpectedly complex landscape of tumor suppression that has implications for understanding cancer evolution, interpreting clinical cancer genome sequencing data, and directing approaches to limit tumor initiation and progression.Significance:Our high-throughput and high-resolution analysis of tumor suppression uncovered novel genetic determinants of oncogenic KRAS–driven lung cancer initiation, overall growth, and exceptional growth. This taxonomy is consistent with changing constraints during the life history of cancer and highlights the value of quantitative in vivo genetic analyses in autochthonous cancer models.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1601
DGKA Mediates Resistance to PD-1 Blockade
Authors: Fu Lingyi , Li Sen , Xiao WeiWei , Yu Kuai , Li Shuo , Yuan Sujing , Shen Jianfei , Dong Xingjun , Fang Ziqian , Zhang Jianeng , Chen Siyu , Li Wende , You Hua , Xia Xiaojun , Kang Tiebang , Tan Jing , Chen Gong , Yang An-Kui , Gao YuanHong , Zhou Penghui 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Immunologic checkpoint blockade has been proven effective in a variety of malignancies. However, high rates of resistance have substantially hindered its clinical use. Understanding the underlying mechanisms may lead to new strategies for improving therapeutic efficacy. Although a number of signaling pathways have been shown to be associated with tumor cell–mediated resistance to immunotherapy, T cell–intrinsic resistant mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we demonstrated that diacylglycerol kinase alpha (Dgka) mediated T-cell dysfunction during anti–PD-1 therapy by exacerbating the exhaustion of reinvigorated tumor-specific T cells. Pharmacologic ablation of Dgka postponed T-cell exhaustion and delayed development of resistance to PD-1 blockade. Dgka inhibition also enhanced the efficacy of anti–PD-1 therapy. We further found that the expression of DGKA in cancer cells promoted tumor growth via the AKT signaling pathway, suggesting that DGKA might be a target in tumor cells as well. Together, these findings unveiled a molecular pathway mediating resistance to PD-1 blockade and provide a potential therapeutic strategy with combination immunotherapy.
KPT-330 Prevents Aortic Valve Calcification via a Novel C/EBPβ Signaling Pathway
Authors: Dutta Punashi , Kodigepalli Karthik M. , LaHaye Stephanie , Thompson J. Will , Rains Sarah , Nagel Casey , Thatcher Kaitlyn , Hinton Robert B. , Lincoln Joy 
Published: February 2021

Rationale:
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) affects >5.2 million people in the United States. The only effective treatment is surgery, and this comes with complications and no guarantee of long-term success.

Objective:
Outcomes from pharmacological initiatives remain unsubstantiated and, therefore, the aim of this study is to determine if repurposing a selective XPO1 (exportin-1) inhibitor drug (KPT-330) is beneficial in the treatment of CAVD.

Methods and Results:

We show that KPT-330 prevents, attenuates, and mitigates calcific nodule formation in heart valve interstitial cells in vitro and prevents CAVD in
Klotho
−/−
mice. Using RNA-sequencing and mass spectrometry, we show that KPT-330’s beneficial effect is mediated by inhibiting nuclear export of the C/EBPβ (transcription factor CCAAT/enhancing-binding protein) in valve interstitial cells, leading to repression of canonical Wnt signaling, in part, through activation of the Wnt antagonist
Axin1
, and a subsequent decrease in proosteogenic markers and cell viability.

Conclusions:
Our findings have met a critical need to discover alternative, pharmacological-based therapies in the treatment of CAVD.
Introducing Smart e-Trials into the UAE Judicial System
Authors: Al-Enizi Ziad Kh , Ghandour Ahmad 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Electronic trials (e-trials) or the use of electronic means in remote litigation are of great importance at both national and international levels. Many countries have sought to take advantage and reap the benefits of electronic means in litigation by adopting laws regulating this area. The United Arab Emirates is one of the Arab countries that showed great interest in this matter and has passed laws regulating it. This study analyses the electronic court from the perspective of the UAE through a twofold inquiry: firstly, regarding the nature of electronic courts in the UAE and how they operate; and, secondly, regarding litigation before the electronic court and the associated procedures. The study ends with a summary and conclusions.
Appropriation and Its Consequences: Archaeology under Colonial Rule in Egypt and India
Authors: Ratnagar Shereen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The beginnings of archaeology in Egypt and in India are the subject of this paper. In both countries, antiquities were carried away by the powerful. Moreover, the hubris of the colonial powers ruling both countries made it inevitable that not only antiquities, but knowledge about the past, were appropriated in different ways. For modern Egyptians, the Pharaonic past was remote in culture and distant in time. The people themselves were until fairly recently prevented from learning the Pharaonic writing, once it was deciphered, by various ways and means. In contrast, in India the colonial administration relied on Indian scholars to teach British personnel the ancient languages, texts, and religion. In neither country was the history of the ancient period taught in schools until the foreign rulers had left. But Indian archaeology became involved in Indian identity and in the framing of the nation as Hindu, and thereby acquired an ugly twist. Self-identification in Egypt in the earlier twentieth century, on the other hand, was possibly more with the Arab world than with the pyramid builders.