bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Things fall apart. The cultural complex in contemporary times1
Authors: Morgan Helen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThese extraordinary months due to COVID‐19 and the Black Lives Matter protests, set as they are against a backdrop of the increasingly worrying climate emergency, have brought fear, anxiety and discord across the globe. But we have also experienced a deepening of our understanding of our connectedness, protests against injustice, expressions of social concern and a demand for change. The concept of the cultural complex as developed by Singer & Kimbles (2004) offers a helpful means of connecting the psychology of the individual psyche and the political phenomena of power relations. Using a small example to illustrate how it might operate at a local level, I suggest that a fundamental shift is taking place raising profound levels of anxiety as we move from the known to the unknown. The bipolar nature of these complexes means the extremes are surfacing bringing fears of the very real possibility of more entrenched attacks on democracy from the far right and the hunkering down behind armed borders. But there is also hope that different ways of living together may be developing from the ground up, ways that are rooted in our sense of interdependence – with each other and our planetary home.
Art in support of life: Caravaggio and the plague
Authors: Vezzoli Caterina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the struggle with COVID‐19, art offered a way to face the solitude of the lockdown. The focus of this paper is primarily on Caravaggio’s painting The Seven Works of Mercy, with references to other paintings to amplify some aspects of the artist’s approach to life and his uniqueness in the artistic landscape of his time. Darkness was part of Caravaggio’s research for spiritual truth and by entering the stories of his life and exploring the tales told through imaginative expression in his paintings, it is possible to understand his process of exploration of ancestral darkness. The author uses her imagination to reflect on how art can help to contact the profound fears buried in the unconscious which are now being awakened by the pandemic. The contemplation of this painting facilitated the emergence of emotions related to the darkness of our time, with the discovery that empathy and mercy offer a way to come to terms with the pandemic. This approach demands a different understanding of reality with Caravaggio’s dark creative world becoming a companion that permits the exploration of what is not yet thinkable in daily life. Images accompany the author’s research that relies on her imagination and amplifications.
A dual‐luciferase reporter system for characterization of small RNA target genes in both mammalian and insect cells
Authors: Deng Zhongyuan , Zhang Yuting , Li Leyao , Xie Xingcheng , Huang Jinyong , Zhang Min , Ni Xinzhi , Li Xianchun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are regulatory RNA molecules that bind to target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and affect the stability or translational efficiency of the bound mRNAs. Single or dual‐luciferase reporter systems have been successfully used to identify miRNA target genes in mammalian cells. These reporter systems, however, are not sensitive enough to verify miRNA–target gene relationships in insect cell lines because the promoters of the target luciferase (usually Renilla) used in these reporter systems are too weak to drive sufficient expression of the target luciferase in insect cells. In this study, we replaced the SV40 promoter in the psiCHECK‐2 reporter vector, which is widely used with mammalian cell lines, with the HSV‐TK or AC5.1 promoter to yield two new dual‐luciferase reporter vectors, designated psiCHECK‐2‐TK and psiCHECK‐2‐AC5.1, respectively. Only psiCHECK‐2 and psiCHECK‐2‐AC5.1 had suitable target (Renilla)/reference (firefly) luciferase activity ratios in mammalian (HeLa and HEK293) and insect (Sf9, S2, Helicoverpa zea fat body and ovary) cell lines, while psiCHECK‐2‐TK had suitable Renilla/firefly luciferase activity ratios regardless of the cell line. Moreover, psiCHECK‐2‐TK successfully detected the interaction between Helicoverpa armigera miRNA9a and its target, the 3′‐untranslated region of heat shock protein 90, in both mammalian and H. zea cell lines, but psiCHECK‐2 failed to do so in H. zea cell lines. Furthermore, psiCHECK‐2‐TK with the target sequence, HzMasc (H. zea Masculinizer), accurately differentiated between H. zea cell lines with or without the negative regulation factor (miRNA or piRNA) of HzMasc. These data demonstrate that psiCHECK‐2‐TK can be used to functionally characterize small RNA target genes in both mammalian and insect cells.
Factors influencing arteriovenous fistulas: A multicenter study
Authors: Bulbul Elif , Enc Nuray 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this cross‐sectional, descriptive study, the arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) of HD patients were evaluated by physical examination and factors associated with AVF function and longevity were investigated. Data were collected using a patient information form and the Arteriovenous Fistula Assessment Scale (AVF‐AS). The study population included 279 patients under chronic HD treatment. Their mean age was 61.14 ± 14.00 years and 58.6% were men. Age, AVF location, and number of AVFs created were identified as factors associated with AVF needle entry site and flow problems, stenosis, and risk of developing ischemic complications (p = 0.005, p = 0.000, p = 0.006, respectively). AVF dysfunction adversely affected HD pump speed (p = 0.000) and HD adequacy (p = 0.000). It was determined that gender, AVF location, last AVF duration, and total number of previous AVF were identified as the risk of AVF complications. The results of this study revealed that regular follow‐up and evaluation are needed to minimize the risk of dysfunction and failure due to AVF complications.
A microbial consortium‐based product promotes potato yield by recruiting rhizosphere bacteria involved in nitrogen and carbon metabolisms
Authors: Wang Zhenshuo , Li Yan , Zhao Yu , Zhuang Lubo , Yu Yue , Wang Mengyao , Liu Jia , Wang Qi 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThe effect of a microbial consortium‐based (MCB) biocontrol product, composed ofBacillus subtilis,Trichoderma harzianumstrain and diatomaceous earth as a carrier, on potato yield, and potential modes of action for its effect were investigated. The MCB product (300 kg ha−1) was added to furrows in which the potato seed tubers each year for 3 years (2016, 2017 and 2018), while potato planting without the MCB product treatment served as the control. A metagenomic analysis indicated that bacterial phylotypes dominated the microbial community, with a relatively small contribution of archaea and fungal taxa. The relative abundance of beneficial bacterial taxa increased significantly in response to the MCB product treatment. Notably, a higher relative abundance of bacterial taxa with carbon fixation, carbon‐degrading and nitrogen metabolism properties were observed in the MCB product‐treated potato rhizosphere. This was also reflected in the identification of a greater abundance of genes encoding enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism, carbon fixation and carbon degradation pathways in the conducted metagenomic analysis. The greater relative abundance of these beneficial bacterial taxa in the rhizosphere of MCB product‐treated plots, as well as the higher abundance of genes associated with the indicated cellular processes, were associated with an increase in tuber yield. The observed changes in microbial community structure at an early stage of tuber development appears to have a beneficial impact on tuber yield.
Deep learning applied to automatic disease detection using chest X‐rays
Authors: Moses Daniel A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDeep learning (DL) has shown rapid advancement and considerable promise when applied to the automatic detection of diseases using CXRs. This is important given the widespread use of CXRs across the world in diagnosing significant pathologies, and the lack of trained radiologists to report them. This review article introduces the basic concepts of DL as applied to CXR image analysis including basic deep neural network (DNN) structure, the use of transfer learning and the application of data augmentation. It then reviews the current literature on how DNN models have been applied to the detection of common CXR abnormalities (e.g. lung nodules, pneumonia, tuberculosis and pneumothorax) over the last few years. This includes DL approaches employed for the classification of multiple different diseases (multi‐class classification). Performance of different techniques and models and their comparison with human observers are presented. Some of the challenges facing DNN models, including their future implementation and relationships to radiologists, are also discussed.
Plastome‐based phylogeny improves community phylogenetics of subtropical forests in China
Authors: Jin Lu , Liu Jia‐Jia , Xiao Tian‐Wen , Li Qiao‐Ming , Lin Lu‐Xiang , Shao Xiao‐Na , Ma Chen‐Xin , Li Bu‐Hang , Mi Xiang‐Cheng , Ren Hai‐Bao , Qiao Xiu‐Juan , Lian Ju‐Yu , Hao Gang , Ge Xue‐Jun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPhylogenetic trees have been extensively used in community ecology. However, how the phylogeny construction affects ecological inferences is poorly understood. In this study, we constructed three different types of phylogenetic trees (a synthetic‐tree generated using V.PhyloMaker, a barcode‐tree generated using rbcL+matK+trnH‐psbA, and a plastome‐tree generated from plastid genomes) that represented an increasing level of phylogenetic resolution among 580 woody plant species from six forest dynamic plots in subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests of China. We then evaluated the performance of each phylogeny in estimations of community phylogenetic structure, turnover and phylogenetic signal in functional traits. As expected, the plastome‐tree was most resolved and most supported for relationships among species. For local phylogenetic structure, the three trees showed consistent results with Faith's PD and MPD; however, only the synthetic‐tree produced significant clustering patterns using MNTD for some plots. For phylogenetic turnover, contrasting results between the molecular trees and the synthetic‐tree occurred only with nearest neighbor distance. The barcode‐tree agreed more with the plastome‐tree than the synthetic‐tree for both phylogenetic structure and turnover. For functional traits, both the barcode‐tree and plastome‐tree detected phylogenetic signal in maximum height, but only the plastome‐tree detected signal in leaf width. This is the first study that uses plastid genomes in large‐scale community phylogenetics. Our results highlight the improvement of plastome‐trees over barcode‐trees and synthetic‐trees for the analyses studied here. Our results also point to the possibility of type I and II errors in estimation of phylogenetic structure and turnover and detection of phylogenetic signal when using synthetic‐trees.
Number of traumatic brain injuries and temporal associations with depression: A register‐based cohort study
Authors: Eliasen Marie Holm , Petersen Janne , Benros Michael Eriksen , Osler Merete 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the association of the number of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) and temporal associations with the subsequent risk of depression in the population.MethodsNational register‐based cohort study on all individuals registered with TBI (ICD‐10: S06, ICD‐8: 85.0–85.5) from 1977 to 2015 in Denmark (n = 494,216) and a sex‐ and age‐matched reference population (n = 499,505). The associations with the number of TBIs and time to depression (0–6, 7–12 and more than 12 months following TBI) were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard regression.ResultsDuring a follow‐up of mean 14.5 (SD 11.3) years, a total of 27,873 (5.6%) individuals who had at least one TBI and 15,195 (3.0%) in the reference population were diagnosed with a depression. First‐time TBI was associated with a higher risk of depression in both men (HR = 1.73 [95% CI:1.67–1.79]) and women (HR = 1.66 [95% CI:1.61–1.70]) after multiple adjustments for educational status and comorbidities including previous depression, and the association became stronger in a dose‐response association with the number of TBIs (test for trend p < 0.01). The HRs for depression were highest the first 6 months after the TBI in both men (HR = 5.69 [95% CI:4.66–6.94]) and women (HR = 4.55 [95% CI:3.93–5.26]) and decreased gradually the following year but remained elevated from one year after TBI until end of follow‐up independent of the number of TBIs (p < 0.01). The associations did not vary with age or calendar time.ConclusionTraumatic brain injury is associated with a higher risk of depression, especially in the first months after TBI and the risk increases with the number of TBIs.
Variation in sex ratio of the leafminerPhytomyza plantaginisGoureau (Diptera: Agromyzidae) from Australia
Authors: Coquilleau Marianne P , Xu Xuefen , Ridland Peter M , Umina Paul A , Hoffmann Ary A 
Published: July 2021

AbstractParthenogenetic reproduction has only previously been demonstrated in two species of agromyzid leafminer flies (Diptera: Agromyzidae), both from the genusPhytomyza. The plantain leafminer,Phytomyza plantaginis, is Palaearctic in origin, and bisexual populations have been observed in this region. However, historically, only females had been collected in the Australasian, Nearctic, Neotropical and Oceanian regions. Here, we show that southern Australian samples of this species fromPlantagospp. can be composed of both parthenogenic and bisexual populations. In sites around Melbourne, males were present, although the sex ratio was female biased, with females comprising 75% of sampled individuals. In contrast, males were absent from collections in western and northern Victoria, Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales and Western Australia. FemaleP. plantaginisflies were reared from threePlantagohost plants (Plantago lanceolata,Plantago majorandPlantago coronopus), although females were particularly common fromPl. lanceolata. Insect cages set up with leafminers from sites where only females occurred produced only females, while cages with leafminers from sites where males occurred produced both sexes and mating was observed. Individuals from all populations were infected byWolbachiaendosymbionts, suggesting that the presence/absence ofWolbachiais not directly responsible for the parthenogenesis. However, there was an association between a mtDNA variant (PP.02) and sexual reproduction, in that this variant was absent in areas where only females were collected but present in all males and some females from areas with sexual populations. The mechanism responsible for parthenogenesis inP. plantaginisremains unknown but is linked to maternal factors.
Globalization, political institutions, and social spending on human capital upgrading in ASEAN
Authors: Buracom Ponlapat 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMost of the middle‐income ASEAN member countries have extensively expanded their social protection and service systems during the past three to four decades. Recent studies on globalization have largely argued that increased exposure to the global economy strengthens the demand for social policy and spending to expand human capabilities. However, empirical tests on the effects of globalization on social policy have been inconclusive. It is shown in this paper that the effect of globalization on social policy and spending in ASEAN is conditioned by domestic political institutions. Greater openness to international trade, together with democratic openings, provides strong incentives for greater attention to social policy and issues. Further openness to intraregional and interregional trade and the strengthening of democratic institutions, therefore, could increase pressure on the human capital upgrading of ASEAN member countries.
Knowledge gaps in reproductive and sexual health in girls and women with sickle cell disease
Authors: Pecker Lydia H. , Sharma Deva , Nero Alecia , Paidas Michael J. , Ware Russell E. , James Andra H. , Smith‐Whitley Kim 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThere is an immediate need to address long‐standing questions about the reproductive health of girls and women with sickle cell disease (SCD). There are many SCD‐related reproductive risks and uncertainties across girls’ and women’s reproductive life span, with particularly outstanding concerns about menstruation, contraception, fertility and pregnancy. Extant literature addressing women’s reproductive health topics is mostly descriptive; there are few high‐quality interventional studies. In 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Foundation for Women and Girls with Blood Disorders convened an expert panel to assess the knowledge gaps in women’s reproductive health in SCD. The panel identified significant limitations to clinical care due to the need for research. The panel also identified prominent barriers to research and care. In this report, we frame these issues, providing a roadmap for investigators, funding agencies, and policy makers to advance care for girls and women with SCD.
Andrographolide prevents bone loss via targeting estrogen‐related receptor‐α‐regulated metabolic adaption of osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Huang Tongling , Fu Xuekun , Wang Na , Yang Meng , Zhang Minyi , Wang Binxu , Chen Tianke , Majaz Sidra , Wang Huaiyu , Wong Chi‐Wai , Liu Jinsong , Guan Min 
Published: July 2021

Background and PurposeMetabolic adaptation driven by oestrogen‐related receptor‐α (ERRα/NR3B1) is required to meet the increased energy demand during osteoclast differentiation. Here, we hypothesize that natural product, andrographolide, acts as an ERRα inverse agonist to inhibit osteoclastogenesis.Experimental ApproachVirtual docking and site‐directed mutagenesis analysis were employed to study the binding mode of andrographolide to ERRα. Co‐immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter assay, real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunoblot analyses were performed to identify andrographolide as an ERRα inverse agonist. The pharmacological effects of andrographolide in vivo were assessed in mice models of osteopenia induced by either a high‐fat diet in male or ovariectomy in female mice.Key ResultsERRα‐dependent expression of glutaminase, a rate‐limiting enzyme of mitochondrial glutamine anaplerosis, is required for ex vivo bone marrow osteoclast differentiation. Andrographolide inhibited glutaminase expression induced by ERRα and co‐activator peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ co‐activator‐1β (PGC‐1β), leading to reduction in osteoclastogenesis. Andrographolide acted as an inverse agonist of ERRα by disrupting its interaction with co‐activator PGC‐1β. Phenylalanine 232, valine 395 and phenylalanine 399 of ERRα ligand‐binding domain were confirmed to be essential for this effect. In contrast, glutaminase overexpression restored the impairment triggered by andrographolide. Accordingly, andrographolide suppressed osteoclastic bone resorption and attenuated bone loss in vivo.Conclusions and ImplicationsThese findings demonstrate that andrographolide acts as an ERRα inverse agonist for perturbation of ERRα/PGC‐1β/glutaminase axis‐driven metabolic adaption during osteoclast differentiation, implying that andrographolide may be a promising natural compound for preventing physiological and pathological bone loss.
Reassessment of predictive values of ACTH‐stimulated serum 21‐deoxycortisol and 17‐hydroxyprogesterone to identify CYP21A2 heterozygote carriers and nonclassic subjects
Authors: Costa‐Barbosa Flávia A. , Carvalho Valdemir M. , Oliveira Kelly C. , Vieira José Gilberto H. , Kater Claudio E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionHeterozygotes (HZs) for 21‐hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) are highly prevalent, ranging from 1:60 to 1:11 for classic and nonclassic (NC) forms, respectively. Detection of HZ and asymptomatic NC by CYP21A2 genotyping is valuable for genetic counselling, but costly, complex and narrowly available. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)‐stimulated serum 17‐hydroxyprogesterone (17P) and 21‐deoxycortisol (21DF) discriminate 21OHD phenotypes effectively, notably if measured simultaneously by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS).ObjectiveThis study was performed to reassess former LC‐MS/MS‐defined post‐ACTH 21DF, 17P and cortisol (F) cutoffs in family members at risk for 21OHD.Design and PatientsProspective study in which we screened 58 asymptomatic relatives from families with 21OHD patients and compared post‐ACTH steroid phenotypes with subsequent genotypes.ResultsPost‐ACTH 21DF, 17P, F and (21DF + 17P)/F ratio segregate NC, HZ and wild‐type (WT) phenotypes (subsequently genotyped) with some overlap. New receiver operating characteristic curve‐defined cutoffs for post‐ACTH 21DF, 17P and (21DF + 17P)/F ratio are 60 ng/dl, 310 ng/dl and 12 (unitless). Twenty‐six of 33 HZ and all 6 NC (82.1%) had post‐ACTH 21DF > 60 and 17P > 310 ng/dl, whereas 17/19 WT (89.5%) had values below cutoffs. Post‐ACTH 21DF and 17P had a strong positive correlation (r = .9558; p < .001). A (21DF + 17P)/F ratio > 12 correctly identified 36 of 39 HZ plus NC (92.3% sensitivity) with 84.2% specificity (16 of 19 WT). Given the high frequency of 21OHD HZ, the negative prediction of ratio values below 12 excludes heterozygosity in 99.8% and 99.1% for classic and NC mutations, respectively.ConclusionsReassessed ACTH‐stimulated 21DF and 17P cutoffs by LC‐MS/MS (60 and 310 ng/dl, respectively) correctly recognised 82.5% HZ plus NC, but combined precursor‐to‐product ratio ([21DF + 17P]/F) cutoff of 12 was superior, identifying 92.3% HZ plus NC. Since one WT subject is an outlier (potential HZ), these values would be somewhat better reinforcing their utility for screening asymptomatic relatives at risk for 21OHD.
The utility of genomic testing in the ophthalmology clinic: A review
Authors: Burdon Kathryn P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGenomic testing assesses many genes in one test. It is often used in the diagnosis of heterogeneous single gene disorders where pathogenic variation in one of many genes are known to cause similar phenotypes, or where a clinical diagnosis is difficult to reach. In the ophthalmic setting, genomic testing can be used to diagnose several groups of diseases, including inherited retinal dystrophies, paediatric cataract, glaucoma and anterior segment dysgenesis and other syndromic developmental disorders with eye involvement. The testing can encompass several modalities ranging from whole genome sequencing to exome sequencing or targeted gene panels. The advantages to the patient of receiving a molecular diagnosis include an end to the diagnostic odyssey, determination of prognosis and clarification of treatment, access to accurate genetic counselling, and confirming eligibility for clinical trials or genetic specific therapies. Genomic testing is a powerful addition to the diagnosis and management of inherited eye disease.