bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival benefit of the homologous kidney allograft in simultaneous pancreas‐kidney transplants and its potential protective role
Authors: Serrano Oscar K. , Kandaswamy Raja , Finger Erik B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe superior death‐censored graft survival of the pancreas allograft in simultaneous pancreas kidney transplants (SPK) over pancreas alone transplants (PTA) has long been recognized. Using data from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) and a high‐volume pancreas transplant program, we investigated the possible protective role of the kidney allograft in SPK transplants. We analyzed 19 043 primary pancreas transplants between 2000 and 2020, including 735 transplants performed at the University of Minnesota. SPK transplants demonstrated a superior death‐censored graft survival over pancreas after kidney (PAK) and simultaneous pancreas and living donor kidney (SPLK) transplants, which both demonstrated better survival than PTA transplants. This effect was not affected by mode or duration of renal replacement therapy prior to transplant. Furthermore, we found that HLA match at the B‐locus between the prior kidney and current pancreas allografts demonstrated a protective effect (HR .54; 95% confidence interval .29–1.00), with a 2‐antigen match demonstrating superior death‐censored graft survival to a 1‐ or 0‐antigen match. We propose that a homologous kidney allograft in SPK transplants affords protection to the pancreas allograft–likely through a combination of better surveillance for rejection and direct immunoprotection offered by the same‐donor kidney.
Effects of artificial and natural defects on fatigue strength of a cast aluminum alloy
Authors: Szalva Péter , Orbulov Imre Norbert 
Published: August 2021

Highlights

Fatigue life was affected by the measure of the casting defects and the characteristics of the casting defects.
The Kitagawa–Takahashi approach is proved to be a correct indirect method to determine the threshold stress intensity value.
The Murakami parameter was used to consider the differences of defect shape and defect size.
Decoupling between ammonia emission and crop production in China due to policy interventions
Authors: Adalibieke Wulahati , Zhan Xiaoying , Cui Xiaoqing , Reis Stefan , Winiwarter Wilfried , Zhou Feng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCropland ammonia (NH3) emission is a critical driver triggering haze pollution. Many agricultural policies were enforced in past four decades to improve nitrogen (N) use efficiency while maintaining crop yield. Inadvertent reductions of NH3 emissions, which may be induced by such policies, are not well evaluated. Here, we quantify the China's cropland‐NH3 emission change from 1980 to 2050 and its response to policy interventions, using a data‐driven model and a survey‐based dataset of the fertilization scheme. Cropland‐NH3 emission in China doubled from 1.93 to 4.02 Tg NH3‐N in period 1980–1996, and then decreased to 3.50 Tg NH3‐N in 2017. The prevalence of four agricultural policies may avoid ~3.0 Tg NH3‐N in 2017, mainly located in highly fertilized areas. Optimization of fertilizer management and food consumption could mitigate three‐quarters of NH3 emission in 2050 and lower NH3 emission intensity (emission divided by crop production) close to the European Union and the United States. Our findings provide an evidence on the decoupling of cropland‐NH3 from crop production in China and suggest the need to achieve cropland‐NH3 mitigation while sustaining crop yields in other developing economies.
First Ladies navigation into African politics: A historical survey
Authors: Bawa Aisha Balarabe 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEver since the world summit for the economic advancement of Rural Women held in Geneva in 1992, Presidential Spouses in Africa have sought to play an autonomous and coordinated role in national and international politics. In spite of lack of constitutional mandate, First Ladies have significant political influence, which offers unique insights into national politics. Yet, African First Ladies' role in politics had not been adequately discussed in the academic literature. In this paper, I aim to contribute to the scarce research on African First Ladies' roles in politics. The paper analyses the extent of their political influence drawing from their political activism, party affiliation, and partner in the conquest of power. In this paper, I employed qualitative methods of inquiry; primary data was obtained from previous interviews with Nigerian First Ladies during PhD fieldwork. The secondary sources of this paper are derived from books and journal articles.
Direct, indirect and total effect of HIV coinfection on the risk of non‐liver‐related cancer in hepatitis C virus‐infected patients treated by direct‐acting antivirals: a mediation analysis
Authors: Chalouni Mathieu , Pol Stanislas , Sogni Philippe , Fontaine Helene , Lacombe Karine , Lacombe Jean‐Marc , Esterle Laure , Dorival Céline , Bourlière Marc , Bani‐Sadr Firouzé , de Ledinghen Victor , Zucman David , Larrey Dominique , Salmon Dominique , Carrat Fabrice , Wittkop Linda ,   the ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH, ANRS CO22 HEPATHER Cohorts Study Groups, Martinez V. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesHIV‐coinfected patients experience higher incidences of non‐liver‐related cancers than HCV‐monoinfected patients. Chronic inflammation, immunosuppression, but also higher tobacco or alcohol consumption and metabolic dysregulation could explain this higher risk. We aimed to estimate the direct, indirect and total effects of HIV coinfection on the risk of non‐liver‐related cancers in HCV participants treated with direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs).MethodsUp to four HCV‐monoinfected participants from the ANRS CO22 HEPATHER cohort were matched by age and sex to HIV/HCV‐coinfected participants from the ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH cohort. Participants were followed from DAA initiation until the occurrence of a non‐liver‐related cancer. Counterfactual mediation analysis was carried out to estimate the direct (chronic inflammation and immunosuppression), indirect (tobacco and alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome) and total effect of HIV coinfection on the risk of non‐liver‐related cancers.Results548 HIV/HCV‐coinfected and 2016 monoinfected participants were included. Overall, HIV coinfection was associated with a 3.7‐fold [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.7–7.0] higher risk of non‐liver‐related cancers in HCV participants. This increased risk was explained by significant direct effect [hazard ratio (HR) = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.7–6.6] but not indirect effect (HR = 1.1, 95% CI: 0.8–1.5) of HIV coinfection.ConclusionsIn HCV participants treated with DAAs, the direct effect of HIV coinfection, reflecting chronic inflammation and immunosuppression, was associated with a 3.7‐fold higher risk of non‐liver‐related cancer. By contrast, the indirect effect of HIV coinfection, reflecting higher tobacco and alcohol consumption and metabolic dysregulation, was not significantly associated with the risk of non‐liver‐related cancers.
Great earthquake at 7.3 ka inferred from tsunami deposits in the Sukumo Bay area, Southwestern Japan
Authors: Nanayama Futoshi , Tsuji Tomohiro , Yamaguchi Tatsuhiko , Kondo Yasuo , Ikeda Michiharu , Nakanishi Toshimichi , Miwa Michiko , Hongo Chuki , Furusawa Akira , Kuwahata Mitsuhiro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTsunami deposits in Kyushu Island, Southwestern Japan, have been attributed to the 7.3 ka Kikai caldera eruption, but their origin has not been confirmed. We analyzed an 83‐cm‐thick Holocene event deposit in the SKM core, obtained from incised valley fill in the coastal lowlands near Sukumo Bay, Southwestern Shikoku Island. We confirmed that the event deposit contains K‐Ah volcanic ash from the 7.3 ka eruption. The base of the event deposit erodes the underlying inner‐bay mud, and the deposit contains material from outside the local terrestrial and marine environment, including angular quartz porphyry from a small inland exposure, oyster shell debris, and a coral fragment. Benthic foraminifers and ostracods in the deposit indicate various habitats, some of which are outside Sukumo Bay. The sand matrix contains low‐silica volcanic glass from the late stage of the Kikai caldera eruption. We also documented the same glass in an event deposit in the MIK1 core, from the incised Oyodo River valley in the Miyazaki Plain on Southeastern Kyushu. These two 7.3 ka tsunami deposits join other documented examples that are widely distributed in Southwestern Japan including the Bungo Channel and Beppu Bay in Eastern Kyushu, Tachibana Bay in Western Kyushu, and Zasa Pond on the Kii Peninsula as well as around the caldera itself. The tsunami deposits near the caldera have been divided into older and younger 7.3 ka tsunami deposits, the younger ones matching the set of widespread deposits. We attribute the younger 7.3 ka tsunami deposits to a large tsunami generated by a great interplate earthquake in the Northern part of the Ryukyu Trench and (or) the Western Nankai Trough just after the late stage of the Kikai caldera eruption and the older 7.3 ka tsunami deposits to a small tsunami generated by an interplate earthquake or Kikai caldera eruption.
Diaphragm dysfunction: a comprehensive review from diagnosis to management
Authors: Hannan Liam M. , De Losa Rebekah , Romeo Nicholas , Muruganandan Sanjeevan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlthough the diaphragm represents a critical component of the respiratory pump, the clinical presentations of diaphragm dysfunction are often non‐specific and can be mistaken for other more common causes of dyspnoea. While acute bilateral diaphragm dysfunction typically presents dramatically, progressive diaphragm dysfunction associated with neuromuscular disorders and unilateral hemidiaphragm dysfunction may be identified incidentally or by recognising subtle associated symptoms. Diaphragm dysfunction should be considered in individuals with unexplained dyspnoea, restrictive respiratory function tests or abnormal diaphragm position on plain chest imaging. A higher index of suspicion should occur for individuals with profound orthopnoea, those who have undergone procedures in proximity to the phrenic nerve(s) or those with co‐morbid conditions that are associated with diaphragm dysfunction, particularly neuromuscular disorders. A systematic approach to the evaluation of diaphragm function using non‐invasive diagnostic techniques such as respiratory function testing and diaphragm imaging can often confirm a diagnosis. Neurophysiological assessment may confirm diaphragm dysfunction and assist in identifying an underlying cause. Identifying those with or at risk of respiratory failure can allow institution of respiratory support, while specific cases may also benefit from surgical plication or phrenic nerve pacing techniques.
Safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin type A in preventing and treating scars in animal models: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pan Lingfeng , Qin Haiyan , Li Caihong , Yang Liehao , Li Mingxi , Kong Jiao , Zhang Guang , Zhang Lianbo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPrevious studies have used botulinum toxin type A (BTXA) to improve postoperative and hypertrophic scars; however, there is lack of detailed verification on the safety and effectiveness of this approach. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of BTXA on postoperative hypertrophic scars and its influence on cytokine expression in animal models. A computerised search of different databases was performed, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, Embase, CNKI, and Wanfang, up to 10 March 2021. A meta‐analysis was performed using R 4.0.0 based on hypertrophic index, epithelialisation time, wound area, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. Eleven studies were included. The meta‐analysis showed a significant difference in hypertrophic index (standardised mean difference [SMD] = −2.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −3.50 to −1.76, P < .01), wound area (SMD = −0.54, 95% CI: −1.24 to 0.16, P < .01), and VEGF expression (SMD = −2.56, 95% CI: −3.50 to −1.62, P < .01). This study shows that BTXA is safe and effective in preventing and treating scar hypertrophy in animal models, but excessive doses of BTXA and BTXA to treat large areas should be avoided.
Theoretical investigation of formation and diffusion mechanisms for point defects in ytterbium and lutetium silicates
Authors: Fan Yun , Lai Mengling , Zhao Juanli , Yao Yun , Yang Lan , Liu Yuchen , Li Yiran , Li Qian , Liu Bin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanism of point defects and the oxygen vacancy diffusion in rare earth (RE) silicates is important to evaluate their performance as environmental barrier coatings. In this work, the defect formation energies are calculated and the similar predominant native point defect type, that is, O Frenkel defect, in RE2SiO5 and RE2Si2O7 (RE = Yb and Lu) is uncovered. Furthermore, the nonstoichiometry related defects and phase composition in RE2SiO5 and RE2Si2O7 is also studied. For RE2SiO5, or is the predominate defect complex accompanied with the RE2Si2O7 separation under SiO2‐rich condition, while or is favorable under RE2O3‐rich condition. In the case of RE2Si2O7, or is the favorable defect complex under SiO2‐rich condition while or dominates the defects, accompanied with the formation of RE2SiO5, under RE2O3‐rich case. Finally, the high oxygen migration barriers are revealed for both RE2SiO5 and RE2Si2O7, indicating the low oxygen permeability in these silicates. These results will not only guide the future performance optimization of RE2SiO5 and RE2Si2O7 through tailoring their composition, but also suggest their potential application as oxidation protective coatings.
BAG1 down‐regulation increases chemo‐sensitivity of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells
Authors: Mariotto Elena , Corallo Diana , Pantile Marcella , Giarin Emanuela , Pigazzi Martina , Basso Giuseppe , Viola Giampietro , Aveic Sanja 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBCL2‐associated athanogene‐1 (BAG1) is a multi‐functional protein that is found deregulated in several solid cancers and in paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia. The investigation of BAG1 isoforms expression and intracellular localization in B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B‐ALL) patient‐derived specimens revealed that BAG1 levels decrease during disease remission, compared to diagnosis, but drastically increase at relapse. In particular, at diagnosis both BAG1‐L and BAG1‐M isoforms are mainly nuclear, while during remission the localization pattern changes, having BAG1‐M almost exclusively in the cytosol indicating its potential cytoprotective role in B‐ALL. In addition, knockdown of BAG1/BAG3 induces cell apoptosis and G1‐phase cell cycle arrest and, more intriguingly, shapes cell response to chemotherapy. BAG1‐depleted cells show an increased sensitivity to the common chemotherapeutic agents, dexamethasone or daunorubicin, and to the BCL2 inhibitor ABT‐737. Moreover, the BAG1 inhibitor Thio‐2 induces a cytotoxic effect on RS4;11 cells both in vitro and in a zebrafish xenograft model and strongly synergizes with pan‐BCL inhibitors. Collectively, these data sustain BAG1 deregulation as a critical event in assuring survival advantage to B‐ALL cells.
Effect of vaccines against pancreas disease in farmed Atlantic salmon
Authors: Røsæg Magnus Vikan , Thorarinsson Ragnar , Aunsmo Arnfinn 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPancreas disease (PD) caused by salmonid alphavirus (SAV) continues to negatively impact salmon farming. To assess the effect on growth and mortality of three vaccines against PD, two controlled field designs were employed: one controlled field study with individual marked fish (PIT tag) assessing three PD vaccines and three controls groups, and a second controlled field study with group marked fish (Maxilla) comparing two PD vaccines against controls. In addition, a descriptive study using whole cages compared fish immunized with two different PD vaccines against controls.The target populations experienced a natural PD outbreak where both SAV 2 and SAV 3 were identified. Only one of the PD vaccines provided statistically significant improvements in harvest weight of 0.43 kg (CI: 0.29–0.57) and 0.51 kg (CI: 0.36–0.65) compared with the control in the PIT tag and the Maxilla study, respectively. In the latter, a significant reduction in mortality of 1.31 (CI:0.8–1.8) per cent points was registered for the same vaccine compared with controls. These results aligned with the growth and PD‐specific mortality registered in the descriptive Cage study. The data in this study show a difference in the efficacy of PD vaccines in farmed Atlantic salmon.
Improving delirium detection in intensive care units: Multicomponent education and training program
Authors: Sinvani Liron , Delle Site Cynthia , Laumenede Tara , Patel Vidhi , Ardito Suzanne , Ilyas Anum , Hertz Craig , Wolf‐Klein Gisele , Pekmezaris Renee , Hajizadeh Negin , Thomas Lily 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundDelirium is a common, devastating, and underrecognized syndrome in the intensive care unit (ICU). The study aimed to describe and evaluate a multicomponent education and training program utilizing a “Train‐The‐Trainer” (TTT) model, to improve delirium detection across a large health system.MethodsFourteen ICUs across nine hospitals participated in a multicomponent delirium program consisting of a 1‐day workshop that included: (1) patient testimonials, (2) small group discussions, (3) didactics, and (4) role‐playing. Additionally, four ICUs received direct observation/training via telehealth (tele‐delirium training). The Kirkpatrick model was used for program evaluation in a pre/post‐test design.ResultsA 1‐day delirium workshop was held at two time points and included 73 ICU nurses. Of the 65 nurses completing the post‐workshop satisfaction survey, most (46.2) had >10 years of clinical experience, and no or minimal delirium training (69.2%). All nurses (100%) identified lack of knowledge as a barrier to delirium detection, while time constraints and lack of importance accounted for only 25%. Overall, nurses rated the workshop positively (excellent 66.7%, and very good 23.3%), and likely to change practice (definitely 73.3% and very likely 15.0%). All validated Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM‐ICU) cases demonstrated improvement in number of correct responses. Delirium detection across the health system improved from 9.1% at baseline to 21.2% in ICUs that participated in the workshop and 30.1% in those ICUs that also participated in the tele‐delirium training (p = 0.005).ConclusionA multicomponent delirium education and training program using a TTT model was rated positively, improved CAM‐ICU knowledge, and increased delirium detection.
Sudden fetal death with placental mesenchymal dysplasia complicated by placenta previa
Authors: Tanimura Kenji , Shi Yutoku , Imafuku Hitomi , Nakanishi Takaaki , Kanzawa Maki , Terai Yoshito 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPlacental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) is a rare placental abnormality that is closely related to severe pregnancy complications. A 27‐year‐old woman with fetal growth restriction and placenta previa was referred to a university hospital at 22 gestational weeks (GW). She was suspected of having a twin pregnancy with a complete or partial hydatidiform mole and coexisting normal live fetus, because two separate placentas, an enlarged one with multiple cystic lesions and a normal one, were shown on ultrasound examinations. At 27 GW, she experienced a sudden intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) after bleeding due to placenta previa, despite confirmation of fetal well‐being at 2 h before bleeding. After delivery, histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of PMD. This is the first documented case of a woman with PMD and placenta previa who had a sudden IUFD after bleeding. Patients with both PMD and placenta previa should be considered at extremely high risk for IUFD.
Menstrual regularity and bleeding is associated with sleep duration, sleep quality and fatigue in a community sample
Authors: Kennedy Kathryn E. R. , Onyeonwu Chidera , Nowakowski Sara , Hale Lauren , Branas Charles C. , Killgore William D. S. , Wills Chloe C. A. , Grandner Michael A. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryFemale menstrual health and its relationship with sleep is an understudied subject. The aim of this investigation was to determine the association between the two in a community sample. Data were obtained fromn = 579 menstruating females who participated in the Sleep and Health Activity, Diet, Environment, and Socialization (SHADES) study, a community‐based sample of adults aged 22–60 years. Participants were asked, “How regular is your period?”, with response choices of “very regular”, “mostly regular”, “fairly regular” and “not regular”. They were also asked, “How much bleeding do you usually experience during your period?” Response choices were: “very heavy”, “heavy”, “medium”, “light” or “very light”. These were evaluated as ordinal outcomes. Sleep‐related predictors included sleep duration (in hr; ≤ 6 [short], 7–9 [normal] and ≥ 9 [long]), Insomnia Severity Index score, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score, Epworth Sleepiness Scale score and Fatigue Severity Scale score. Covariates included age, education, income, race/ethnicity and body mass index. Short sleep duration was associated with heavier bleeding (odds ratio = 1.46,p = 0.026) and greater cycle irregularity (odds ratio = 1.44,p = 0.031) as compared with normal sleep. Higher Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score was associated with greater cycle irregularity (odds ratio = 1.05,p = 0.022). Higher Fatigue Severity Scale score was associated with heavier bleeding (odds ratio = 1.02,p = 0.003) and greater cycle irregularity (odds ratio = 1.02,p = 0.008). Long sleep, Insomnia Severity Index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale were not associated with either outcome. These results demonstrate an association between short sleep duration, poor sleep quality, fatigue, stress and depression with heavier bleeding and menstrual cycle irregularity, highlighting the need for further studies to improve treatment options.