bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Forest Methods for Time-to-Event Data: Variable Selection and Predictive Performance
Authors: Liu Yingxin , Zhou Shiyu , Wei Hongxia , An Shengli 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAs a hot method in machine learning field, the forests approach is an attractive alternative approach to Cox model. Random survival forests (RSF) methodology is the most popular survival forests method, whereas its drawbacks exist such as a selection bias towards covariates with many possible split points. Conditional inference forests (CIF) methodology is known to reduce the selection bias via a two-step split procedure implementing hypothesis tests as it separates the variable selection and splitting, but its computation costs too much time. Random forests with maximally selected rank statistics (MSR-RF) methodology proposed recently seems to be a great improvement on RSF and CIF.MethodsIn this paper we used simulation study and real data application to compare prediction performances and variable selection performances among three survival forests methods, including RSF, CIF and MSR-RF. To evaluate the performance of variable selection, we combined all simulations to calculate the frequency of the correct variables ranking in the top by variable importance measure, where higher frequency means better selection ability. We used Integrated Brier Score (IBS) to measure the prediction accuracy of all three methods. The smaller IBS value, the greater the prediction. Results1. Simulations show that three forests methods differ slightly in prediction performance. Real data results show that three forest methods all have advantages in different scenarios.2. For variable selection performance, 1) MSR-RF and CIF have higher selection frequency than RSF when there are multiple categorical variables in the simulation datasets, and CIF perform well especially with the interaction term.2) Forests methods seem to be suitable for processing data with correlation, as the selection frequency fluctuates slightly when correlation degree changes.3) RSF and MSR-RF outperform CIF with complete binary covariate type. MSR-RF outperform RSF and CIF with complete continuous covariate type.4) MSR-RF perform relatively robust when the variable dimension increases, while CIF perform poorly.Conclusions All three forests methods have respective advantages in different situations. It is important to choose the appropriate method based on the covariates in practice.
Deciphering The Molecular Mechanism Of Water Boiling At Heterogeneous Interfaces
Authors: Karalis Konstantinos , Zahn Dirk , Prasianakis Nikolaos , Niceno Bojan , Churakov Sergey V. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Water boiling control evolution of natural geothermal systems is widely exploited in industrial processes due to the unique non-linear thermophysical behavior. Even though the properties of water both in the liquid and gas state have been extensively studied experimentally and by numerical simulations, there is still a fundamental knowledge gap in understanding the mechanism of the heterogeneous nucleate boiling controlling evaporation and condensation. In this study, the molecular mechanism of bubble nucleation at the hydrophilic and hydrophobic solid-water interface was determined by performing unbiased molecular dynamics simulations using the transition path sampling scheme. Analyzing the liquid to vapor transition path, the initiation of small void cavities (vapor bubbles nuclei) and their subsequent merging mechanism, leading to successively growing vacuum domains (vapor phase), has been elucidated. The molecular mechanism and the boiling nucleation sites' location are strongly dependent on the solid surface hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity. Then simulations reveal the impact of the surface functionality on the adsorbed thin water molecules film structuring and the location of high probability nucleation sites. Our findings provide molecular-scale insights into the computational aided design of new novel materials for more efficient heat removal and rationalizing the damage mechanisms.
What Role Conceptions Do Multi-Healthcare Professionals Have of Physicians and What Role Expectation Do They Have of Physicians in a Community?
Authors: Haruta Junji , Goto Ryohei , Ozone Sachiko , Maeno Tetsuhiro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: To create an effective community-based integrated care system, interprofessional collaboration based on the healthcare professionals’ mutual understanding of their respective roles must be promoted. This study aimed to identify the role conception and role expectation that other healthcare professionals have towards physicians in the context of community-based integrated care system.Methods: We organized focus groups and adopted ‘Role Theory’ as a theoretical framework. We collected data for healthcare professionals attending a conference on community-based integrated care systems in Japan. Fifty-four healthcare professionals other than physicians consented to participating in 7 focus groups. Theme analysis based on the recorded and verbatim transcripts was conducted on collation with the research questions.Results: The role conception of physicians is as a figure of intellectual authority positioned at the top of a traditional hierarchy, with a personal character of criticism/autonomy/closedness, not accommodating any interference from others, and upholding the Biomedical Model as an absolute standard. In response to it, the role expectation of physicians in a community is that they undertake actions that only physicians can undertake to ensure that a flat organization functions properly to provide medical explanations during transitions and to offer healthcare support for patients who are difficult to access. The role expectation also includes a perception of patients as human beings, with physicians adapting to the Bio-Psycho-Social Model, explaining to patients about their disease as an authoritative voice based on an understanding of psychosocial circumstances, and sharing the prognosis of disease or disability. The personal character expected was for someone with an open mind who allows others to seek advice, as well as a sense of approachableness which makes it easier for others to seek advice. Conclusion: In the context of a community-based integrated care system, physicians should consider understanding of the role conception and role expectation that other professionals have of them, and need to endeavor to create an open relationship with all healthcare professionals and give careful thought to their own roles.
APOS - Antibiotic Prophylaxis For Preventing Infectious Complications In Orthognathic Surgery: Study Protocol For A Phase III, Multicentre, Randomised, Controlled, Double Blinded, Clinical Trial With Two Parallel Study Arms
Authors: Ristow Oliver , Hofele Christof , Münch Philipp , Danner Sylvia , Dietzel Anja , Krisam Johannes , Pilz Maximilian , Klose Christina , Hoffmann Jürgen , Freudlsperger Christian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: It is a constant debate among surgeons whether the use of prolonged postoperative antibiotics may reduce surgical site infection rates. As specific treatment guidelines are still lacking, many surgeons continue to use broad-spectrum antibiotics, causing not only increased costs but also contributing to the potential for antibiotic resistance. Hence, there is an urgent need for an appropriately designed prospective clinical trial, to investigate whether a prophylactic use of antibiotics after surgery actually decreases surgical site infections to a clinically relevant degree.Methods: This study presents a multicentre, randomised, controlled, double-blinded, clinical trial with two parallel study arms to demonstrate that no postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) is not inferior to antibiotic prophylaxis with respect to surgical site infections in patients having undergone orthognathic surgery. The primary efficacy endpoint is defined as the occurrence of postoperative surgical site infections within 30 days of surgery. Secondary endpoints are further efficacy and subject-oriented parameters within 90 days after surgery. The entire trial is planned for 54 months, with an enrolment of 1420 patients over 39 months by 14 national participating centres. Discussion: As a highly standardised procedure on an exceeding, healthy and young homogenous study population and identical processes all over the world, elective orthognathic surgery as clean-contaminated procedure provides comparable intervention groups with balanced baseline characteristics, comparable surgical duration, even when performed within multiple centres. Therefore, evaluating antibiotic prophylaxis after orthognathic surgery will be of high scientific value representable for other surgical procedures.Trial registration: DRKS - German Clinical Trials Register - DRKS00022838; EudraCT No. 2020-001397-30
Prehospital notification reduced time delays but not neurological outcomes in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Sangari Azra , Akhoundzadeh Kobra , Vahedian Mostafa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Since timely thrombolytic therapy is a crucial variable in acute ischemic stroke recovery, health care systems are trying to find new interventions to reduce treatment delay in order to improve neurological function. In Iran, SAMA code as a prehospital notification plan has been developed to help emergent stroke treatment. This study aimed to compare time delay to thrombolysis therapy and neurological outcomes between prehospital notification (SAMA)-transported patients and self-transported patients in acute ischemic stroke.Methods and materials: In this retrospective cohort study, the data of 185 stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis were gathered. There were two groups including, SAMA-transported (n=110) patients and self-transported (n=75) patients. The treatment delays including, onset to needle time (ONT), onset to door time, (ODT), door to CT time (DCT) and door to needle time (DNT) as well the neurological scores measured using NIHSS and mRS were analyzed between two groups. p-value<0.05 was considered as significant.Results: The results showed that delay times reduced in SAMA-transported patient compared to that in self-transported patients. The findings revealed a significant difference in ONT (150 (120-180) vs 180 (150-225) (p=0.001), DNT (80 (60-105) vs 100 (80-125) (p=0.0001), and DCT (27 (20-37) vs 36 (24-52) (p=0.001) between SAMA-transported patients and self-transported patients. The times are represented as minute (median and IQR). However, there was no significant difference between two groups in terms of neurologic deficit severity. Also, there was no relationship between the delay time and neurological outcomes. Conclusion: Although SAMA prehospital notification could partially reduce treatment delay times in acute ischemic stroke, such reduction was not enough to impact on neurologic deficit recovery. It seems more reduction in delay time is needed to significant improvement of neurological dysfunctions.
Septic Shock Caused By Aeromonas Daca: A Bacterium That We Have Neglected In The Past.
Authors: Zhao Qiquan , Zhou Yuguo , Han Xiaoli , Jian Li 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction: For decades, Aeromonas daca has often been mistaken for Aeromonas hydrophila by phenotypic identification systems and shows obvious characteristics of virulence. To our knowledge, a total of two English-language studies with relatively complete data were retrieved.Case presentation: The patient, a 26-year-old male with no underlying disease, was admitted to our hospital for 3 days because of cough, expectoration and shortness of breath. According to blood and lavage fluid cultures and next-generation sequencing (NGS), the patient was diagnosed with an A. daca infection. He soon deteriorated to a critical condition complicated with septic shock and died after active rescue treatment.Conclusions: A. daca infection is lethal, and an accurate taxonomy can improve our understanding of the epidemiological distribution and virulence potential of this human pathogen. Third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems should be used cautiously in the treatment of severe A. daca infection, and the best regimen is cefepime or fluoroquinolones.
Automated Detection of Poor-Quality Data: Case Studies in Healthcare
Authors: Dakka M.A. , Nguyen T. , Hall J.M.M. , Diakiw S.M. , VerMilyea M. , Linke R. , Perugini M. , Perugini D. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The detection and removal of poor-quality data in a training set is crucial to achieve high-performing AI models. In healthcare, data can be inherently poor-quality due to uncertainty or subjectivity, but as is often the case, the requirement for data privacy restricts AI practitioners from accessing raw training data, meaning manual visual verification of private patient data is not possible. Here we describe a novel method for automated identification of poor-quality data, called Untrainable Data Cleansing. This method is shown to have numerous benefits including protection of private patient data; improvement in AI generalizability; reduction in time, cost, and data needed for training; all while offering a truer reporting of AI performance itself. Additionally, results show that Untrainable Data Cleansing could be useful as a triage tool to identify difficult clinical cases that may warrant in-depth evaluation or additional testing to support a diagnosis.
The transdermal penetration of novel amphiphilic MTC-Y carrier
Authors: Kuropka Piotr , Janeczek Maciej , Bursy Dawid 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A transdermal drug delivery system capable of transporting the active substance through skin is alternative path for drug delivery for different purposes. In an attempt to demonstrate the permeability of the active substance through the skin layers of the rats, the amphiphilic MTC-Y carrier was combined with fluorochromes of different chemical properties. After extraction, the skin material was subjected histological examination under fluorescence microscope Nikon Eclipse 80i UV-2A filter (EX330-380, DM-400, BA-420). Moreover, histological slides routinely stained with haematoxylin were analysed. Results indicate that use of the MTC-Y carrier seems to be very promising compound for drug delivery both locally and systematically
Molecular Characterization of Two Isolates of Wild Tomato Mosaic Virus and Chilli Veinal Mottle Virus Co-infecting Chilli Pepper in China
Authors: Hu Yongliang , Chen Yuqin , Su Xiaoxia , Huang Jiawei , Yin Hongxing , Ma Guanrun , Wang Yingqing , Zhang Jie , Zhang Zhongkai , Ding Yong , Zheng Kuanyu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The present study reports observation of a field chilli pepper disease consisting of a co-infection with two potyviruses: Wild tomato mosaic virus Dehong isolate (WTMV-Dh) and Chili veinal mottle virus Dehong isolate (ChiVMV-Dh). We obtained the complete genome sequences of these two viruses by NGS sequencing. The WTMV-Dh is 9,598 nucleotides (nt) in length and encodes a complete polyprotein of 3,075 amino acids (aa). The polyprotein of WTMV-Dh shares 76.1–82.6% nt and 85.3–89.5% aa identities with the other three WTMV isolates reported previously. The ChiVMV-Dh is 9688 nt in length and encodes a complete polyprotein with 3, 089 aa. The polyprotein of ChiVMV-Dh shares 80.8–92.2% nt and 85.3–95.6% aa identities with the other ChiVMV isolates reported previously. Following phylogenetic analysis based on the polyprotein sequences of other potyviruses, WTMV-Dh clustered with the Vietnam strain WTMV-Laichau while ChiVMV-Dh clustered with several ChiVMV Sichuan isolates. Evaluation of the recombination events within the WTMV and ChiVMV subgroups indicated that some putative recombination events occurred in critical regions. These regions include the N-terminal of HC-Pro and P1 region of WTMV-Dh, CP and the P3 to CI region of ChiVMV-Dh, which may be new evidence of adaptive evolution of potyviruses.
On the order of the non-primes of type 6n+5 and 6n+1
Authors: Wolmersdorfer Christoph 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The fundamental importance of prime numbers for mathematics is that all other natural numbers can be represented as a unique product of prime numbers[1]. For centuries, mathematicians have been trying to find an order in the occurrence of prime numbers. Since Riemann´s paper on the number of primes under a given size, the distribution of the primes is assumed to be random[2]. Here, I show that prime numbers are not randomly distributed. Their positions are determined by the order of occurrence of the nonprimes of types 6n+5 and 6n+1. By using parametric sine functions, I will show here that all assumptions known today regarding the distribution of prime numbers larger than 3 are wrong. In particular, this refutes Riemann´s hypothesis of random distribution of prime numbers. Furthermore, I will show an exact primality test based on these parametric sine functions, which only uses one parameter.
The Change of Retinal Microvascular, Microstructure and Expression of IL-6, CD18, ICAM, TNF-α and VEGF in The Early Stage of Rat Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Xiao Ang , Zhong HuiFeng , Xiong Lei , Yang Lin , Xu YunFang , Shao Yi , Zhou Qiong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
A New Qualitative RT-PCR Assay Detecting SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Favaro Marco , Mattina Walter , Pistoia Enrico Salvatore , Gaziano Roberta , Francesco Paolo Di , Middleton Simon , D'Angelo Silvia , Altarozzi Tullio , Fontana Carla 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpuse: The world is facing an exceptional pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. To allow the diagnosis of COVID infection, several assays based on the real-time PCR technique have been proposed. The requests for diagnosis are such that it was immediately clear that the choice of the most suitable method for each microbiology laboratory had to be based on one hand, the availability of materials, on the other hand, the personnel and training priorities for this activity. Unfortunately, due to high demand, the shortage of commercial diagnostic kits has also become a major problem. To overcome these critical issues, we have developed a new qualitative RT-PCR probe based. Methods: Our system detects three genes: RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), envelope (E) and nucleocapsid (N), while the b-actin gene was used as an endogenous internal control. Results: The results of our assay show complete agreement with those obtained using a commercially available kit, except for two samples that did not pass the endogenous internal control. The coincidence rate was 0.96. The LoD of our assay was 140 cp/reaction for N and 14 cp/reaction for RdRp and E. Conclusion: Our kit was designed to be open either for the nucleic acid extraction step or on the RT-PCR assay to be carried out on several instruments. Therefore, it is free from the industrial production logics of closed systems and, conversely, it is hypothetically available for distribution in large quantities in any microbiological laboratory. The kit is currently distributed worldwide (called: MOLgen-COVID-19; Adaltis). A new version of the kit detecting S gene also is coming available.
Network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis on molecular targets and mechanisms of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: yang yanni , aihaiti yirixiati , xu peng , zheng haishi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose:To explore the potential target proteins underlying the effect of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix(APR) on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using a network pharmacology and molecular docking approach .Methods:First, the active components and target proteins of APR and RA related disease targets were obtained from the TCMSP, Gene Card,OMIM,DisGeNET and STRING databases. Then the active ingredient target in the RA network diagram was drawn using Cytoscape 3.7.1 software. Protein-protein interaction analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway analyses were carried out using the STRING and David databases. The crystal structures of RA related targets were retrieved from the RCSB PDB database. Finally, the potential active compounds and their related targets were validated using molecular docking technology.Results: Five active components of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix(APR) were screened out, including ammidin, isoimperatorin, beta-sitosterol, O-acetylcolumbianetin and angelicone and 80 key targets including MAPK8,EGFR,PTGS2,CASPASE3,MTOR,SRC,KDR,MAPK1,NOS3 and MAPK14, etc were obtained. GO enrichment analysis showed that 222 biological processes, 34 cell components and 72 molecular functions were identified; KEGG analysis showed that the targets of APR in the treatment of RA were significantly enriched in pathways in cancer, the PI3K−Akt signaling pathway, Proteoglycans in cancer, osteoclast differentiation, neuroactive ligand−receptor interaction, tuberculosis,TNF signaling pathway, serotonergic synapse, Rap1 signaling pathway,cAMP signaling pathway. The results of molecular docking showed that ammidin, isoimperatorin, beta-sitosterol, O-acetylcolumbianetin and angelicone had strong affinity for PTGS2, EGFR and MAPK8.Conclusion: APR treats RA through the characteristics of multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway regulation.
Using Iron Bio-Fortified Beans To Control Iron Deficiency Anaemia Among Children 6-59 Months In Rural Uganda
Authors: Nuwahereza Christinah , Kamukama Saul , Kayemba Christine Nalwadda , Obai Gerald 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objectives To establish the association between consumption of iron bio-fortified beans and iron deficiency anaemia among children aged 6-59 months in Isingiro district rural Uganda.Design A cross sectional study was conducted in Isingiro District, Western Uganda in May 2019 among 499 participants (Child- mothers). Standardized questionnaires were used to collect data on the child health status, demographics as well as dietary history. In addition, blood samples were collected from a finger prick and tested for heamoglobin levels using hemocue 301 and data was analysed using STATA Setting This was a community based study in rural Uganda.Participants A total of 499 children aged 6-59 months and their mothers/main caretakers in Isingiro district rural Uganda were recruited. Results Consumption of iron bio-fortified beans was at 39.3% while prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia was 26.3%. Consumption of iron bio-fortified beans was protective against iron deficiency anaemia (Adjusted Prevalence Ratio = 0.66, 95% CI 0.46, 0.96), dietary diversity (APR= 0.57, 95% CI 0.33, 0.86), mothers’ occupation (APR= 0.62, 95% CI 0.43, 0.90), child age (APR= 0.38, 95% CI 0.18, 0.84).Conclusions This study found that, more than a third of the participants were consuming iron bio-fortified beans and more than a quarter of the participants suffered from iron deficiency anaemia with most cases being mild anaemia. Consumption of iron bio-fortified beans was associated with mother’s occupation and main source of beans. Consumption of iron bio-fortified beans was associated with prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia among children aged 6-59months and we are not able to conclude that it was protective against anaemia because of the study design. There were other factors that were associated with iron deficiency anaemia such as, dietary diversity, child age, and mother’s occupation. Therefore from this study we conclude that reducing anaemia in this study area requires a multi sectoral approach so as to improve dietary diversity and livelihoods.