bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Native Deer on Forest Fauna—A Systematic Map
Authors: Schwegmann Sebastian , Bhardwaj Manisha , Storch Ilse 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDeer are the most abundant large herbivores in temperate and boreal forests across the Northern Hemisphere. They are ecosystem engineers known to alter understory vegetation and future tree species composition by selective browsing. Also, deer have strong impacts on faunistic groups, often mediated by vegetation. The ongoing loss of faunal biodiversity in forests worldwide can be exacerbated by high deer population densities. Adapted deer management for the purpose of forest biodiversity conservation requires a holistic understanding of deer–fauna relationships. In this systematic map, we examine the existing literature assessing the effects of deer on faunal communities in boreal and temperate forests. Our aim is to synthesize currently described trends and identify research gaps for our understanding of deer as biotic drivers of forest communities. We reviewed 64 studies on how the abundance, species richness, or diversity of faunal taxa responded to different levels of deer abundance or density in forest ecosystems across the Northern Hemisphere. In total, we found almost 400 individual reported effects of nine native deer species on forest‐dwelling faunal communities. However, our systematic map reveals that comprehensive synthesis of the current literature remains a challenge. Published studies often do not report contextual data essential for comparison and meta‐analysis, for example, deer density, forest management, and predation pressure. Moreover, the methodological approaches of the included studies often only account for potential linear effects of deer on fauna, likely oversimplifying the complexity of direct and indirect effects that deer can have on their ecosystem. We recommend that multi‐level enclosure experiments be applied to assess the impact on faunal taxa. This approach combines robust causal inference with the potential straightforward comparison and replication between deer species, forest types, and system productivity, which will facilitate the utilization of the results in future research and management.
A Comparison of Digestive Strategies for Teratoscincus roborowskii With Different Diet Compositions: Digestive Enzyme Activities, Gut Microbiota, and Metabolites
Authors: Wang Ziyi , Wu Ruichen , Yang Yi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAnimal gut microbiota play important roles in host immunity, nutrient metabolism, and energy acquisition. The gut microbiota and its metabolic products interact with the host in many different ways, influencing gut homoeostasis and health. Teratoscincus roborowskii is an endemic species which displays special frugivorous behavior, and it has been observed consuming grapes. To explore the effects of grape intake on the gut microbiota and metabolites of T. roborowskii, 16S rRNA sequencing and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry metabolomics were applied to investigate the gut microbiota and metabolite profiles of T. roborowskii fed with mealworms (LC group) and a mixture of mealworms and grapes (FG group). Our results demonstrated that a notable shift in microbiota composition occurred, particularly in terms of an increase in the probiotic Lactococcus in the FG group. The metabolite analysis revealed a significant enrichment of the pathways related to glucose metabolism in the FG group. In addition, the digestive enzyme activity analysis showed that the α‐amylase and cellulase activities in the FG group were significantly higher than those of the LC group, which was consistent with the food type. A strong correlation between diet, gut microbiota, and fecal metabolites was observed, which may imply that different diets promote the establishment of host intestinal adaptation strategies. Our study provides a theoretical basis for host health and the scientific captive breeding of the desert lizards T. roborowskii.
A comparative framework to develop transferable species distribution models for animal telemetry data
Authors: Cullen Joshua A. , Domit Camila , Lamont Margaret M. , Marshall Christopher D. , Santos Armando J. B. , Sasso Christopher R. , Al Ansi Mehsin , Fuentes Mariana M. P. B. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSpecies distribution models (SDMs) have become increasingly popular for making ecological inferences, as well as predictions to inform conservation and management. In predictive modeling, practitioners often use correlative SDMs that only evaluate a single spatial scale and do not account for differences in life stages. These modeling decisions may limit the performance of SDMs beyond the study region or sampling period. Given the increasing desire to develop transferable SDMs, a robust framework is necessary that can account for known challenges of model transferability. Here, we propose a comparative framework to develop transferable SDMs, which was tested using satellite telemetry data from green turtles (CheloniaChelonia mydas). This framework is characterized by a set of steps comparing among different models based on (1) model algorithm (e.g., generalized linear model vs. Gaussian process regression) and formulation (e.g., correlative model vs. hybrid model), (2) spatial scale, and (3) accounting for life stage. SDMs were fitted as resource selection functions and trained on data from the Gulf of Mexico with bathymetric depth, net primary productivity, and sea surface temperature as covariates. Independent validation datasets from Brazil and Qatar were used to assess model transferability. A correlative SDM using a hierarchical Gaussian process regression (HGPR) algorithm exhibited greater transferability than a hybrid SDM using HGPR, as well as correlative and hybrid forms of hierarchical generalized linear models. Additionally, models that evaluated habitat selection at the finest spatial scale and that did not account for life stage proved to be the most transferable in this study. The comparative framework presented here may be applied to a variety of species, ecological datasets (e.g., presence‐only, presence‐absence, mark‐recapture), and modeling frameworks (e.g., resource selection functions, step selection functions, occupancy models) to generate transferable predictions of species–habitat associations. We expect that SDM predictions resulting from this comparative framework will be more informative management tools and may be used to more accurately assess climate change impacts on a wide array of taxa.
Influence of the Halogen Anion Combination on the Spin Crossover Properties of Iron(II) Triazole Complexes
Authors: Sander Arthur , Kilic Maximilian Seydi , Brehme Jules , Tran Kevin , Wesemann Christoph , Renz Franz 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this paper we study a series of solid iron(II)‐triazole spin crossover complexes of the formula [Fe(NH2trz)3]Br2(x−1)Cl2x, where the counterions bromide and chloride are present in the same structure in different ratios. Thus, the spin transition temperature also changes in the temperature range between the pure complexes [Fe(NH2trz)3]Br2 and [Fe(NH2trz)3]Cl2. Since these switching temperatures of the pure complexes are rather far apart, this allows us to examine how the SCO behavior of iron(II) triazole complexes with mixed counterions changes with different ratios. To achieve this, the complexes were synthesized with both counterions simultaneously using the salts FeBr2 and FeCl2 ⋅ 4 H2O. The complexes were analyzed by IR and XRD measurements to confirm a successful synthesis. Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) was further used to validate the results and to verify a homogeneous distribution of the mixed anions in all samples. This study reveals a linear switching behavior of the complexes depending on the substitution ratio with a temperature range between the homo ionic samples.
Synthesis, Structure, Spectral and Electrochemical Properties of 5,6,7,9,10,11‐Hexaaryl Substituted Meso‐(p‐Tolyl) 3‐Pyrrolyl BODIPYs
Authors: Chauhan Pinky , Ravikanth Mangalampalli 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHexabrominated meso‐(p‐tolyl) 3‐pyrrolyl BODIPY was regioselectively synthesized by treating meso‐(p‐tolyl) 3‐pyrrolyl BODIPY with eight equivalents of Br2 in CH2Cl2 under inert atmosphere at room temperature. Five different 5,6,7,9,10,11‐hexaarylated meso‐(p‐tolyl) 3‐pyrrolyl BODIPYs were synthesized by treating 5,6,7,9,10,11‐hexabromo meso‐(p‐tolyl) 3‐pyrrolyl BODIPY with various boronic acids under Suzuki coupling conditions. The X‐ray structure obtained for hexabromo and hexaarylated 3‐pyrrolyl BODIPYs showed slightly distorted structures. Absorption spectral studies revealed that the absorption bands in hexabromo and hexaarylated 3‐pyrrolyl BODIPYs were bathochromically shifted compared to 3‐pyrrolyl BODIPY. The hexabromo 3‐pyrrolyl BODIPY was less fluorescent due to presence of heavy halogens whereas the hexaarylated 3‐pyrrolyl BODIPYs emits moderately in the region of 687–736 nm with quantum yields in the range of 0.18–0.30 and singlet state lifetimes in 2.99–4.50 ns range. The electrochemical studies revealed that hexabrominated 3‐pyrrolyl BODIPY undergo easier reduction compared to 3‐pyrrolyl BODIPY. The hexaarylated 3‐pyrrolyl BODIPYs showed one reversible/quasi‐reversible oxidation and one reversible reduction and their redox behaviour depends on the type of electron donating or electron withdrawing substituents present at the pyrrole carbons. DFT/TD‐DFT studies were in agreement with the experimental results. Group webpage: https://ravikanthlab.wixsite.com/mysite/
Ag Nanoparticles‐Modified FeVO4 Composite for Efficient Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Liang Xinming , Hu Shan , Bi Fuhong , Liu Zixin , Hu Huilin , Ye Jinhua , Wang Defa 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPhotoreduction of CO2 and H2O into fuels and value‐added chemicals is an effective solution to address global energy issues. However, developing photocatalysts with high activity and selectivity remains a major challenge. Herein, we report Ag nanoparticles (NPs) loaded FeVO4 (FVO) composite photocatalyst for highly efficient and selective photoreduction of CO2 to CO. Under a 300 W Xe lamp irradiation, the optimal Ag1‐FVO catalyst exhibits a CO yield of 255.4 μmol g−1 h−1 and a CO selectivity of 99.7 %, which are dramatically higher than those of pure FVO alone. The significantly enhanced photocatalytic performance could be attributed to Ag NPs on the surface of FVO, which improve the separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers and promote the adsorption/activation of CO2 molecules. This study suggests that modification of semiconductor photocatalysts with Ag NPs is an effective method for enhancing the CO2 photoreduction activity.
Synthesis and Exploration of the Reactivity of a 16‐Electron Half‐Sandwich Ir(III) Complex Featuring a Bifunctional O,N‐o‐Carborane Ligand
Authors: Li Jun‐Xian , Zhou Liu‐Jie , Zhang Yu‐Ping , Luo Ya‐Xiong , Wu Mian , Cui Peng‐Fei , Jin Guo‐Xin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this work, a 16‐electron half‐sandwich Ir(III) complex (Cp*Ir(OCN−Ph‐Cl)C2B10H10, 2) featuring a bifunctional O,N‐o‐carborane ligand was synthesized, and its reactivity was thoroughly investigated. Further studies indicate that this complex could react with various donor ligands to achieve a stable 18‐electron species. Interestingly, the obtained 16‐electron complex 2 shows acid–base responsive behavior, namely reversible structural transformation between the 16‐electron complex 2 and 18‐electron complex 4 (Cp*IrCl(OCNH−Ph‐Cl)C2B10H10) with different coordination configuration. This work describes in detail the different reaction processes of half‐sandwich iridium complex and carborane ligand.
Theoretical Insights into the Oxidation of Substrates by High‐Spin Iron(III)‐Acylperoxido Complexes
Authors: Velmurugan Gunasekaran , Comba Peter 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWhile the oxidation of organic substrates by FeIV‐oxido complexes has been studied extensively, there are only few highly reactive FeIII‐alkylperoxido complexes. We report here computational mechanistic work of a novel mononuclear nonheme FeIII‐phenylperoxido acetate complex, focusing on the splitting of the peroxide bond, the epoxidation of ethene and the hydroxylation of cyclohexane. Our results reveal that the peroxide bond undergoes homolysis, leading to the formation of an FeIV‐oxido complex. Spectroscopic evidence supports the presence of an FeIV species, aligning with the observed product distribution. Additionally, we have explored a potential sigmatropic rearrangement mechanism. However, based on the activation barriers and initial product energy levels, the FeIII rather than the FeV species is shown to be the active species in the initial step. For both, the epoxidation and hydroxylation reactions, stepwise mechanisms are proposed, involving the FeIV‐oxido species as the catalytic intermediate. The energy barriers calculated for these pathways are significantly lower than those for concerted mechanisms, involving the FeIII‐peroxido species as direct oxidant. In particular, the calculated activation barrier in the FeIV‐oxido pathway is 38 kJ/mol for the activation of the C=C bond in ethene, while the analogous step in the FeIII‐peroxido pathway is calculated to be as high as 183 kJ/mol. Our computational results indicate that the FeIV‐oxido species is the active catalyst in these oxidation reactions.
A Sequential Nitro‐Michael Addition and Reductive Cyclization Cascade Reaction for Diastereoselective Synthesis of Multifunctionalized 3,3′‐pyrrolidinyl‐spirooxindoles
Authors: Nichinde Chandrakant B. , Bhati Meema , Girase Amardipsing S. , Patil Baliram R. , Chaudhari Suryakant S. , Krishna Gamidi Rama , Joshi Kavita , Kinage Anil K. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this investigation, we elucidated, one‐pot two stage efficient synthesis of multifuctionalized spiro[oxindole −3,3′‐pyrrolidine]. The methodology proceeds via organocatalyzed nitro‐Michael addition reaction between indolylidenecyanoesters and nitroalkanes to formed nitro‐Michael adduct which transformed into multifunctionalized 3,3′‐pyrrolidinyl‐spirooxindoles by metal catalyzed reductive cyclization cascade. DFT investigations were conducted to elucidate the mechanism underlying the preferential reduction of the nitro group, with subsequent attack on the nitrile and ester groups remain inert throughout the reaction process. The approach is operationally simple, easily scalable, exhibits compatibility with readily accessible starting material and catalysts, thereby emphasizing cost‐effectiveness.
An Electrochemical Method for the Direct Sulfonylation of N‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐sulfonamides with Sulfonyl Hydrazides
Authors: Li Yanan , Li Lin , Li Feiyang , Hu Shuaihu , Zhu Rui , Sun Jianan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA facile electrochemical strategy for the synthesis of sulfonylphenol derivatives from N‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐sulfonamides with sulfonyl hydrazides has been successfully developed. This metal‐ and oxidant‐free protocol is suitable for aromatic, heteroaromatic and aliphatic reagents to afford the corresponding sulfonylated products in moderate to high yields under mild conditions. A gram‐scale experiment and an in vitro antibacterial assay were conducted to demonstrate the potential utility of this approach.
Utilizing N‐Hydroxylamine‐Based Active Esters for the Synthesis of Oseltamivir Amide Derivatives
Authors: Zahradníková Barbora , Mravíková Zuzana , Némethová Viktória , Polnišerová Petra , Frecer Vladimír , Mečiarová Mária , Šebesta Radovan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFunctionalizing and derivatizing pharmaceuticals are essential for preparing new potentially active compounds. This work shows how active esters derived from oseltamivir carboxylate can be useful synthetic tools for accessing various amide derivatives of oseltamivir. Six hydroxylamine active esters were synthesized directly from oseltamivir carboxylate, and their utility in preparing amide derivatives was evaluated. Succinimide ester 5 e was the most efficient in terms of its preparation and in synthesizing oseltamivir derivatives.
Data‐Physical Fusion Deep Learning for Site Seismic Response Using KiK‐Net Records
Authors: Chen Su , Hu Xiaohu , Jiang Weiping , Wang Suyang , Chen Xingye , Li Xiaojun 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn the realm of earthquake engineering, response spectra play a crucial role in characterizing the effects of site dynamic characteristics under seismic activity. Consequently, accurately predicting seismic response spectra is of paramount importance. We have developed a physics‐guided bidirectional long short‐term memory neural network model (Phy‐BiLSTM) that is proficient in predicting site seismic response based on bedrock records. The core principle of the Phy‐BiLSTM is to improve the alignment between the solution space and the ground truth by integrating physics knowledge obtained from the physical model. The model introduced in this study utilized the 5%‐damped response spectra, which were derived from strong ground motion records collected at the KiK‐net downhole array. The results substantiate the performance enhancement of Phy‐BiLSTM in comparison to the data‐driven BiLSTM model. Furthermore, we conduct a comparative analysis of the Phy‐BiLSTM model against traditional methods (EQ, SBSR) as well as other neural network architectures (CNN and LSTM). The result highlights the advantages of Phy‐BiLSTM in accurately predicting the site seismic response.
Practical Approach to Enhance Energy Resilience in Manufacturing Facilities
Authors: Ngongo P. K. , Almaktoof A. M. A. , Kahn M. T. E. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBoth developed and developing countries are affected by the global energy problem. Over the last few decades, the industrial sector's electrical energy demand has grown exponentially, altering the supply‐and‐demand balance. The trend toward Industry 4.0 compliant production facilities necessitates a greater demand for high‐reliability power. Because severe production losses caused by power outages cannot be tolerated, an increasing number of large vital industrial processes integrate centralized high‐quality, online UPS technology onto their network to establish a grid‐to‐load link and continuously condition dirty electricity from the national grid. These facilities distribute electrical power using either an MV or LV system. Based on the integration design, investigating ways to quantify energy efficiency savings of MV versus LV UPS system is required. This paper proposes strategic and technical interventions for these systems and assesses their electrical losses and budgetary ramifications. The paper also aims to contribute to the implementation of an energy efficiency plan and help facilities close power efficiency gaps. From the results obtained, the MV UPS system offers a significant reduction in energy consumption. Compared to the LV UPS system, annual energy losses are reduced by 46% at a load factor of 65%. A significant energy improvement is expected at higher load factors and in larger facilities where longer distribution cables are used. Compared to the LV UPS system, MV UPS saves R221 509 per meter of cable length increase and R31 457 per percentage increase in load factor.
High Internal Phase Emulsions of Algae Oil Based on Rapeseed Protein via Salt Extraction Combined With Ultrafiltration
Authors: Cai Jiyang , Mei Yuqi , Yang Yunyi , Fang Suqiong , Chen Wenrong , Yang Tao , Wan Zhili , Yang Xiaoquan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTRapeseed protein, as a valuable plant protein, holds great potential as a natural emulsifier for construction of food‐grade high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs). In this work, rapeseed protein, obtained through salt extraction combined with ultrafiltration, was employed as a sole stabilizer to formulate algae oil‐based HIPEs. The effects of protein concentration and pH changes on the physicochemical properties of HIPEs are systematically evaluated. The results show that a protein concentration of 0.5 wt% is sufficient to form stable and self‐supporting HIPEs. As the protein concentration increases, the droplet size of HIPEs gradually decreases, leading to a more robust structure and enhanced stability. Compared to neutral conditions (pH 7.0), the HIPEs under acidic pH 3.5 exhibit more densely packed emulsion droplets with smaller size and more uniform distribution, contributing to superior mechanical properties (higher G′ and yield stress) as well as preferable thixotropic and creep recovery behaviors, which thereby improve their physical stability during storage, thermal processing, and freeze‐thaw cycles. Furthermore, the rapeseed protein‐stabilized HIPEs inhibit the oxidation of algae oil, especially at pH 3.5. The results of oral lubrication indicate that the reduction in the friction coefficient is mainly associated with an increase in protein concentration, with minor effect from pH variation. These findings suggest that rapeseed protein is an effective emulsifier for preparing stable and processable HIPEs, especially under acidic conditions, which have great potential for applications in semi‐solid emulsion foods or edible oil structuring.
Respiratory Protective Effects of Perilla Leave Varieties (Perilla frutescens) Against Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5)‐induced Damage in Human Nasal Cells
Authors: Kim Min Young , Kim Jung In , Kim Sang Woo , Kim Sungup , Oh Eunyoung , Lee Jeongeun , Lee Eunsoo , An Yeon Ju , Han Chae‐Yeon , Lee Heungsu , Lee Myoung Hee 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTFine particulate matter (PM2.5) is known to exacerbate chronic respiratory disorders, primarily by inducing inflammatory responses and mucus overproduction. Perilla leaves are reported to have significant health benefits, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiallergic properties, attributed to phenolic compounds that vary depending on genetic diversity. In this study, flavonoid‐rich extracts (FRE) from 56 perilla leaf varieties and genetic resources were prepared and screened using a mass screening system. The screening focused on evaluating their anti‐inflammatory, mucus‐reducing, and respiratory protective effects against PM2.5‐induced damage in human nasal cells (RPMI2650). Parameters such as cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) levels, and mucus secretion factor (MUC5AC) concentrations were assessed. Among the 56 varieties, Perilla frutescens var. crispa (YCPL706), sourced from Ulleung Island, Korea, exhibited the highest cell viability (112.50%, 100 μg/mL), lowest NO concentration (9.98 μM, 100 μg/mL), and MUC5AC level (78.65 ng/mL, 100 μg/mL). Further evaluation of YCPL706 FRE demonstrated significant respiratory protective effects, including the inhibition of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1β), MUC5AC, and oxidative stress factors (MDA and ROS), compared to the control cultivar Namcheon. YCPL706 also showed strong antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (minimum inhibitory concentration: 5 mg/mL). These findings suggest that the genetic resource YCPL706 is a promising candidate for combating PM2.5‐induced respiratory damage due to its potent anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties.