bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INVESTMENT OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN UKRAINE: CURRENT ISSUES OF LEGAL REGULATION
Authors: Kosovych V. , Kosovych B. , Rym O. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The article deals with the research of the creation of conditions for the socialization of economic relations in modern Ukraine — legal regulation of social entrepreneurship investment. The Ukrainian state actively implements world economic trends and legal standards into national practice. These include social entrepreneurship and its legal support. It is stated that the main priorities of social entrepreneurship today are: development of social innovations, ecology, health care, education, vocational training, employment of people with disabilities, welfare, development of territories, culture, etc. In Ukraine, social entrepreneurship has a somewhat undeveloped character, primarily due to a lack of funds for its development.
There is no specific legal regulation of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine. The main form of domestic social entrepreneurship is a charitable activity of public organizations. It is emphasized that the success of projects in the field of social entrepreneurship depends to a large extent on foreign investment. Investor rights in Ukraine are protected by advanced legislation and, despite bureaucratic obstacles, are guaranteed by the state. It is noted that the analysis of domestic economic and legal practice indicates the existence of social and legal prerequisites for successful investment in social entrepreneurship. Among these prerequisites, the following are outlined: public willingness and organizational support of the state, international assistance, presence of interested social groups, and availability of special draft laws that should stimulate the formation, development, and activity of social enterprises as the main form of social entrepreneurship. Attention is drawn to the fact that the draft Law of Ukraine «On Social Enterprise» changes social entrepreneurship ideology from charitable to entrepreneurial activity, which is combined with the implementation of innovation and solution of social problems. In particular, this approach is attractive for both internal and external investors and is the basis for social entrepreneurship’s future success.
It is concluded that the proposed research can be of interest to both potential investors and investors who are already working in Ukraine and would like to develop or diversify their activities.
Keywords: investments, social entrepreneurship, protection of investor rights, economic and legal preconditions for social entrepreneurship.
JEL classіfіcatіon E20 G20 O35 K20
Formulas: 0; fig.: 0; tabl.: 0; bibl.: 21.
COMPARISON OF BIOELECTRICAL MUSCLE ACTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH IMPLANT-SUPPORTED REMOVABLE OVERDENTURES DURING 12 MONTHS OF USE
Authors: Dubova Lyubov , Ozhigov Evgeniy , Nagiltsev Denis 
Published: May 2021

Subject. A comparative assessment of the state of the stomatognathic system on the example of the bioelectrical activity of temporal and masticatory muscles in patients who used removable implant-supported overdentures with bar fixation system, made by two different methods: traditional and using digital methods of treatment planning and manufacturing was carried out.
Objectives. To compare the changes of bioelectrical activity of temporal and masticatory muscles in patients with removable implant-supported overdentures made by two different methods: traditional and digital, who used dentures for a long time (12 months).
Methods. Bioelectrical activity and symmetry of temporal and masseter muscles were investigated clinically by surface electromyography. Electromyography was performed in five probes: Rest, Light CO, Natural Swallowing, Maximal Volitional Clench (MVC) and Clench on Cotton Rolls (MVCCR).
Results. In patients using overdentures produced in traditional way, no normal values of muscle activity were observed in any of the probes at the end of the study. In patients who used overdentures, made with the use of digital technologies, we noted a decrease of bioactivity of the muscles in the probes of Rest and Light CO, and an increase of biopotentials in the probes of MVC and MVCCR. The values obtained at the end of the study were characterized as normal or acceptable.
Conclusions. The application of a digital method of treatment planning and fabrication of removable implant-supported overdentures with a bar fixation system allows to achieve more physiological values of temporal and masticatory muscles biopotentials, which can be interpreted as recovery of the functional integrity of the stomatognathic system.
THE IMPORTANCE OF IMMOBILIZATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS TO INCREASE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THEIR USE IN THE TREATMENT OF MILD CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS
Authors: Garazha Sergey , Grishilova Elena , Hubaeva Fatima , Ilina Ekaterina , Nekrasova Elizaveta 
Published: May 2021

Chronic generalized periodontitis of mild severity is characterized, along with inflammation, by minor radiological manifestations of destructive processes in the periodontal tissues. This determines the importance of choosing an algorithm for complex treatment of patients using immobilized anti-inflammatory drugs to achieve stable remission.
The aim of the study was to study the effect of immobilization on the effectiveness of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of mild chronic generalized periodontitis.
Research materials and methods. The study included the results of treatment of 180 patients with mild chronic periodontitis, who were divided into three groups depending on the drug used: in the first — based on benzidamine hydrochloride; in the second — based on etoricoxib, in the third — based on naphthylpropionic acid. In each group, two subgroups were identified "a" and "b": in subgroups 1a, 2a, 3a, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug was used without immobilization. In subgroups 1b, 2b, 3b was immobilized. To assess the effect of immobilization on the effectiveness of the drugs, the results of therapy between subgroups were compared six months after the course of treatment. The periodontal index, PMA, and laser Doppler flowmetry parameters were used to study the clinical results.
The results of the study. When analyzing the totality of indicators obtained after six months, it was found that in subgroups 1a, 2a, 3a, the effectiveness of treatment was 78.9%. A comparison of the studied index and functional indicators obtained after six months allowed us to state that in subgroups 1b, 2b, 3b, periodontitis was in the stabilization phase, that is, the effectiveness of treatment using immobilized drugs was 93.3%.
Conclusion. The immobilization of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on sorbents increases the effectiveness of their use in the treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis of mild severity from 78.9% to 93.3%.
MONOPHTHONGISATION OF ENGLISH DIPHTHONGS /aɪ/, /eɪ / and /Ͻɪ/ BY NATIVE SPEAKERS OF PASHTO
Authors: Iqbal Liaqat , Ali Asma , Ullah Irfan , Ahmad Ayaz 
Published: May 2021

Purpose of the study: Phonological variation in diphthongs, when spoken as a second or foreign language, is an accepted phenomenon. The diphthongs of English when pronounced by native speakers of Pashto go through certain changes and sometimes, monophthised. The purpose of the present study is to investigate phonological variation, i.e., monophthongisation of English diphthongs.
Methodology: For this purpose, 20 Pashto speakers of both soft and hard dialects were taken and they were asked to pronounce the words having the target diphthongs at initial, medial and final position, followed and preceded by voiced and voiceless sounds. PRAAT was used to analyze the data to measure the possible variations in the sounds.
Main Findings: The findings show that the phenomenon of monophthongisation of English diphthongs is common in the speaking of native speakers of Pashto. The study further shows that there is the lengthening of some of the sounds and deletion as well in certain contexts. This makes the variety of English spoken by the native speakers of Pashto a separate variety.
Applications of this study: This study has applications for English language learners and teachers. The learners and teachers of English can benefit from this research and they can work on the problematic diphthongs that are usually monophthised. In this way, these sounds can be practised and the problems can be rectified.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This is an original study where the problematic diphthongs have been considered and researched that how these English diphthongs are monophthised by the native speakers of Pashto making it a distinctive feature of the native Pashto speakers of English.
Being a style icon in fashion world: Iris Apfel
Authors: Varol Esra 
Published: May 2021

The word fashion which expresses change and encompasses all areas of humanity is synonymous with clothing when taken in its narrow and common sense. People who can direct clothing fashion with their original clothing and appearances and are followed with great interest by public are called ‘style icons’. As style icons, people from many different disciplines such as cinema, music, design, politics and sports have emerged with fashion and had an impact on clothing styles of different periods. One of the style icons of this era is Iris Apfel, who was born in Astoria in 1921, studied art and is known as an interior designer. The aim of this research is to examine the clothing style as well as all the visual elements (clothes, accessories, jewellery, hair, make-up etc.) that constitute the style of Iris Apfel as a style icon. The method of the research is qualitative in line with the research problem, purpose and the path followed in reaching the findings. Thus, a visual analysis of 10 photographs randomly selected from personal social media accounts or the internet was carried out. The findings obtained as a result of the analysis are presented in detail on each image.
Keywords: Fashion, clothing, style icon, Iris Apfel.
Dialektyka wiedzy logikomatematycznej w ujęciu Jarosława Ładosza
Authors: Winczewski Damian 
Published: May 2021

The aim of the article is an analysis of the early works of Jarosław Ładosz, a Polish philosopher and mathematician, who in the 1960s conducted a thorough examination of the most important scientiﬁc accomplishments in the ﬁeld of logic and mathematics from the perspective of Marxist philosophy. Being nowadays assessed as a symbol of dogmatism and orthodoxy in Polish Marxism, Ładosz revised most of the superstitions on the relationship between mathematical logic and dialectics, which have been legitimized in oﬃcial Marxist philosophy since the times of Marx and Engels, in his early works. Having rejected the claims of some Marxists for the formalization of dialectics, he presented the original concept of dialectics as a methodological tool for studying the sources of logical knowledge. Combining dialectical materialism with Jean Piaget’s epistemology, he formulated an elaborate, original hypothesis of the social construction of logico-mathematical knowledge, while at the same time transcending the subject-object division as-sumed in Marxist dogmatic epistemology.
Caractérisation du lait de deux races locales de vaches : la Bretonne Pie Noir et la Froment du Léon
Authors: HURTAUD Catherine , CHAABOUNI Rim , RESMOND Rémi , MIRANDA Guy , GRAULET Benoît , MORINIÈRE Clémence 
Published: May 2021

Malgré un net regain d’intérêt, les références techniques sur les systèmes valorisant les races locales bretonnes sont quasi inexistantes. Les éleveurs comme les restaurateurs s’intéressent à la spécificité des produits issus de ces races locales. Si leur qualité est empiriquement reconnue, elle n’a jamais été précisément décrite. Les éleveurs s’interrogent sur les qualités intrinsèques des produits laitiers (fromageabilité, crémeux du lait…), sur leurs qualités organoleptiques, et de façon plus générale, sur la notion de qualité globale des produits, à laquelle sont associées bien évidemment les pratiques de production. L’objectif de ce projet de recherche participative était de mieux connaître les qualités du lait des races locales de vaches laitières dans leurs diverses composantes : qualités intrinsèques mais aussi nutritionnelles et technologiques. Des prélèvements de laits de tank associés à des enquêtes ont été réalisés dans les exploitations participant au projet sur différentes races de vaches (6 en Bretonne Pie Noir et 4 en Froment du Léon). Nous avons effectué les prélèvements pendant trois périodes : avril, juillet et novembre 2017. Nous avons caractérisé les laits au niveau biochimique et technologique. Le lait de Bretonne Pie Noir et de Froment du Léon est plus riche en matières grasses et en protéines que le lait des principales races de vaches françaises. Les variants des protéines sont aussi assez caractéristiques de ces races. Ceci leur confère des propriétés technologiques particulières, comme une meilleure aptitude fromagère mais également une moins bonne aptitude à supporter les traitements thermiques. Ces laits sont également plus jaunes ce qui résulte de concentrations plus élevées en β-carotène et riboflavine, sans que cela soit totalement systématique. Les caractéristiques particulières de ces laits de vaches de race locales méritent d’être mieux valorisées et mises en avant dans des circuits courts de commercialisation.
Urinary Elimination of Ecdysterone and its Metabolites following a Single-Dose Administration in Humans
Authors: Ambrosio Gabriella , Yuliandra Tasha , Wuest Bernhard , Mazzarino Monica , Torre Xavier de la , Botrè Francesco , Diel Patrick , Isenmann Eduard , Parr Maria Kristina 
Published: May 2021

Ecdysterone is a phytosteroid widely discussed for its various pharmacological, growth-promoting and anabolic effects mediated by activation of estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta). Performance-enhancement in sports was demonstrated recently, and ecdysterone was consequently included in the Monitoring Program to detect potential patterns of misuse in sport. Only few studies on the pharmacokinetics of ecdysterone in humans have been reported so far. In this study, post-administration urines in twelve volunteers (single dose of 50 mg of ecdysterone) were analyzed using dilute-and-inject liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Identification and quantitation of ecdysterone and of two metabolites, 14-deoxy ecdysterone and 14-deoxy poststerone was achieved. Ecdysterone was the most abundant analyte present in post-administration urines, detected for more than 2 days with a maximum concentration (Cmax) in the 2.8-8.5 h urines (Cmax = 4.4-30.0 µg/mL). The metabolites 14-deoxy ecdysterone and 14-deoxy poststerone were detected later reaching the maximum concentrations at 8.5-39.5 h (Cmax = 0.1-6.0 µg/mL) and 23.3-41.3 h (Cmax = 0.1-1.5 µg/mL), respectively. Cumulative urinary excretion yielded average values of 18%, 2.3% and 1.5% for ecdysterone, 14-deoxy ecdysterone and 14-deoxy poststerone, respectively. Ecdysterone and 14-deoxy ecdysterone were excreted following first order kinetics with half-lives calculated with three hours, while pharmacokinetics of 14-deoxy poststerone needs further evaluation.
Life-Cycle Optimization of the Carbon Dioxide Huff-n-Puff Process in an Unconventional Oil Reservoir Using Least-Squares Support Vector and Gaussian Process Regression Proxies
Authors: Almasov Azad , Onur Mustafa 
Published: May 2021

SummaryIn this work, we investigate the efficient estimation of the optimal design variables that maximize net present value (NPV) for the life-cycle production optimization during a single-well carbon dioxide (CO2) huff-n-puff (HnP) process in unconventional oil reservoirs. A synthetic unconventional reservoir model based on Bakken Formation oil composition is used. The model accounts for the natural fracture and geomechanical effects. Both the deterministic (based on a single reservoir model) and robust (based on an ensemble of reservoir models) production optimization strategies are considered. The injection rate of CO2, the production bottomhole pressure (BHP), the duration of injection and the production periods in each cycle of the HnP process, and the cycle lengths for a predetermined life-cycle time can be included in the set of optimum design (or well control) variables. During optimization, the NPV is calculated by a machine learning (ML) proxy model trained to accurately approximate the NPV that would be calculated from a reservoir simulator run. Similar to the ML algorithms, we use both least-squares (LS) support vector regression (SVR) and Gaussian process regression (GPR). Given a set of forward simulation runs with a commercial compositional simulator that simulates the miscible CO2 HnP process, a proxy is built based on the ML method chosen. Having the proxy model, we use it in an iterative-sampling-refinement optimization algorithm directly to optimize the design variables. As an optimization tool, the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) method is used inside this iterative-sampling-refinement optimization algorithm. Computational efficiencies of the ML proxy-based optimization methods are compared with those of the conventional stochastic simplex approximate gradient (StoSAG)-based methods. Our results show that the LS-SVR- and GPR-based proxy models are accurate and useful in approximating NPV in the optimization of the CO2 HnP process. The results also indicate that both the GPR and LS-SVR methods exhibit very similar convergence rates, but GPR requires 10 times more computational time than LS-SVR. However, GPR provides flexibility over LS-SVR to access uncertainty in our NPV predictions because it considers the covariance information of the GPR model. Both ML-based methods prove to be quite efficient in production optimization, saving significant computational times (at least 4 times more efficient) over a stochastic gradient computed from a high-fidelity compositional simulator directly in a gradient ascent algorithm. To our knowledge, this is the first study presenting a comprehensive review and comparison of two different ML-proxy-based optimization methods with traditional StoSAG-based optimization methods for the production optimization problem of a miscible CO2 HnP.
Efficacy of a mindfulness-based intervention programme with and without virtual reality support to reduce stress in university students: protocol for a randomized controlled pragmatic trial
Authors: Modrego-Alarcón Marta , Navarro-Gil María Teresa , Beltrán-Ruiz María , Monreal-Bartolomé Alicia , Gascón Santiago , López-del-Hoyo Yolanda , García-Campayo Javier , Delgado-Suárez Irene , Montero-Marín Jesús 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: There is growing concern about mental health problems in university students. For this reason, mindfulness training is becoming increasingly popular in university settings. However, mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) usually present high attrition rates. This trial aims to evaluate the efficacy of a MBI to reduce perceived stress and to improve the psychological well-being of university students, as well as to explore the capacity of virtual reality (VR) to enhance adherence to the intervention. Methods: This study protocol presents a randomized controlled trial (RCT) involving assessment time points of baseline, posttreatment and 6-month follow-up. A total of 280 students from the Spanish National Distance Education University (UNED) or the University of Zaragoza will be randomly assigned to a mindfulness condition, a mindfulness condition complemented by VR, and a relaxation condition to serve as a control group. Stress will be the main outcome and will be measured using the 10-item self-report Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Other well-being and academic functioning outcomes will be assessed, as well as variables that explore the impact of VR. Multilevel mixed-effects models will be calculated to estimate the efficacy of the programme, and effect size estimations will be carried out. Effects of VR in adherence to programme will be evaluated. Discussion: Some strengths of this study are the RCT design, which includes a suitable active control group and a 6-month follow-up assessment; a large sample size of university students at different stages of their courses and a variety of degrees; and the incorporation of the VR support to facilitate completion of the MBI programme. Potential limitations are the voluntary participation of the students and the utilization of self-report measures.Trial registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03771300.
A Multivariate Heterogeneous Variance Components Model for Multi-Environment Studies with Locational Genetic Effects
Authors: Atas Ozge Karadag 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper a multivariate heterogeneous variance components model is developed, which allows for determining location specific variance components in the analysis of multiple related traits. In addition to spatial heterogeneity, genetic similarities are also considered by assigning genetic variance components. The performance of the developed model is evaluated through an extensive simulation study and comparison of models are conducted by heritability estimations. Simulation study reveals that the developed method can well control the locational heterogeneity and under the developed model the heritability estimations are close to desired proportions. A real plant breeding data set is used for illustration.
N6-Methylandenosine-Related lncRNAs Play an Important Role in the Prognosis and Immune Microenvironment of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hu YuHai , Chen YiPing 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive, fatal tumor. N6-methylandenosine (m6A) methylation is the major epigenetic modification of RNA including lncRNAs. The roles of m6A-related lncRNAs in PDAC have not been fully clarified. The aim of this study is to assess gene signatures and prognostic value of m6A-related lncRNAs in PDAC.
Methods

The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset and the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) dataset were explored to identify m6A-related lncRNAs. Univariate, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate Cox regression were performed to construct the m6A-related lncRNAs prognostic riskscore (m6A-LPR) model to predict the overall survival (OS) in the TCGA training cohort. Kaplan–Meier curve with log-rank test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to evaluate the prognostic value of the m6A-LPR. Furthermore, the robustness of the m6A-LPR was further validated in the ICGC cohort. Tumor immunity was evaluated using ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithms.
Results

A total of 262 m6A-related lncRNAs were identified in two datasets. In the TCGA training cohort, 28 prognostic m6A-related lncRNAs were identified and the m6A-LPR including four m6A-related lncRNAs was constructed. The m6A-LPR was able to identify high-risk patients with significantly poorer OS and accurately predict OS in both the TCGA training cohort and the ICGC validation cohort. Analysis of tumor immunity revealed that high-risk group had remarkably lower stromal, immune, and ESTIMATE scores. Moreover, high-risk group was associated with significantly higher levels of plasma B cells and resting NK cells infiltration, and lower levels of infiltrating resting memory CD4 T cells, monocytes and resting mast cells.
Conclusions

Our study proposed a robust m6A-related prognostic signature of lncRNAs for predicting OS in PDAC, which provides some clues for further studies focusing on the mechanism process underlying m6A modification of lncRNAs.