bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health professionals' overestimation of knowledge on snakebite management, a threat to the survival of snakebite victims—A cross-sectional study in Ghana
Authors: Ameade Evans Paul Kwame , Bonney Isaac , Boateng Evans Twumasi 
Published: January 2021

Background
According to the World Health Organization, snakebites, a common occupational hazard in developing countries accounts for an annual loss of between 81,000 and 138, 000 lives following 5 million bites of which 2.7 million results in envenomation. Since snakebite-associated morbidity and mortality are more prevalent in agricultural economies such as Ghana, health professionals should be optimally knowledgeable on how to manage the incidence of snakebites. Lack of knowledge or overestimation of a professional's knowledge can affect heath delivery especially for emergencies such as snakebites. The three rurally situated Tongu districts in South-Eastern Ghana with agriculture as the major source of livelihood for their inhabitants, are prone to snakebites. This study, therefore, brings up the need to assess whether the health professionals in these districts are well-equipped knowledge-wise to handle such emergencies and whether they can rightly estimate their knowledge with regards to snakebite management.

Methodology/Principal findings
Data was collected using a de novo semi-structured questionnaire administered through google form whose link was sent via WhatsApp to 186 health workers made up of nurses, midwives, physician assistants, medical doctors, pharmacists, and pharmacy technicians. This data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25. Association between variables was determined using the appropriate tools where necessary, using a confidence interval of 95% and significance assumed when p ≤ 0.05. This study found male health workers significantly more knowledgeable about snakebite management (11.53±5.67 vs 9.64±5.46; p = 0.022) but it was the females who overestimated their knowledge level (27.9% vs 24.1%). The medical doctors exhibited the best knowledge on snakebite management with the registered general nurses least knowledgeable. Although most professionals overestimated their knowledge, the registered general nurses were the worst at that (53.7%). Overall knowledge of health care professionals on snakebite management was below average [10.60±5.62/22 (48.2%)] but previous in-service training and involvement in the management of snakebite were associated with better knowledge. Respondents who had no previous training overestimated their knowledge level compared to those who had some post-qualification training on snakebite management (38.1% vs 7.5%). The greatest knowledge deficit of respondents was on the management of ASV associated adverse reactions.

Conclusion
Health workers in rural Ghana overestimated their knowledge about snakebite management although their knowledge was low. Training schools, therefore, need to incorporate snakebite management in their curriculum and health authorities should also expose health workers to more in-service training on this neglected tropical disease.
A comparison of machine learning models versus clinical evaluation for mortality prediction in patients with sepsis
Authors: van Doorn William P. T. M. , Stassen Patricia M. , Borggreve Hella F. , Schalkwijk Maaike J. , Stoffers Judith , Bekers Otto , Meex Steven J. R. 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionPatients with sepsis who present to an emergency department (ED) have highly variable underlying disease severity, and can be categorized from low to high risk. Development of a risk stratification tool for these patients is important for appropriate triage and early treatment. The aim of this study was to develop machine learning models predicting 31-day mortality in patients presenting to the ED with sepsis and to compare these to internal medicine physicians and clinical risk scores.MethodsA single-center, retrospective cohort study was conducted amongst 1,344 emergency department patients fulfilling sepsis criteria. Laboratory and clinical data that was available in the first two hours of presentation from these patients were randomly partitioned into a development (n = 1,244) and validation dataset (n = 100). Machine learning models were trained and evaluated on the development dataset and compared to internal medicine physicians and risk scores in the independent validation dataset. The primary outcome was 31-day mortality.ResultsA number of 1,344 patients were included of whom 174 (13.0%) died. Machine learning models trained with laboratory or a combination of laboratory + clinical data achieved an area-under-the ROC curve of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.80–0.84) and 0.84 (95% CI: 0.81–0.87) for predicting 31-day mortality, respectively. In the validation set, models outperformed internal medicine physicians and clinical risk scores in sensitivity (92% vs. 72% vs. 78%;p<0.001,all comparisons) while retaining comparable specificity (78% vs. 74% vs. 72%;p>0.02). The model had higher diagnostic accuracy with an area-under-the-ROC curve of 0.85 (95%CI: 0.78–0.92) compared to abbMEDS (0.63,0.54–0.73), mREMS (0.63,0.54–0.72) and internal medicine physicians (0.74,0.65–0.82).ConclusionMachine learning models outperformed internal medicine physicians and clinical risk scores in predicting 31-day mortality. These models are a promising tool to aid in risk stratification of patients presenting to the ED with sepsis.
Older people’s challenges and expectations of healthcare in Ghana: A qualitative study
Authors: Atakro Confidence Alorse , Atakro Abigail , Aboagye Janet Sintim , Blay Alice Aluwah , Addo Stella Boatemaa , Agyare Dorcas Frempomaa , Adatara Peter , Amoa-Gyarteng Kwaku Gyimah , Menlah Awube , Garti Isabella , Boni George Sedinam , Berchie Osei Kwaku , Ansong Isaac Kwadwo 
Published: January 2021

Background
The increase in the number of elderly persons in developing countries has not had a corresponding increase in social and health care support systems for the elderly. There is a substantial difference in the quality of healthcare received by older people in developing and developed countries. Elderly persons in developing countries including Ghana are increasingly becoming marginalised and isolated. There is, however, limited evidence of healthcare challenges and expectations by elderly persons in Ghana. This study explored healthcare challenges and expectations of elderly persons to inform policy that could lead to improved quality of life for elderly persons in Ghana.

Materials and methods
Qualitative exploratory descriptive study design was used in conducting this study. Semi-structured interviews were used in collecting data from 30 participants from three regions in Ghana (10 from each region). Data analysis was carried out through content analysis.

Results
Four themes were extracted from data. These themes were: 1. Inadequate information from health workers regarding care of the older person. 2. Queuing frustrations. 3. Financial burden. 4. Focused elderly care demand.

Conclusion
The elderly in Ghana experience challenges of healthcare which include inadequate information, queuing frustrations and financial burdens. Elderly persons also have expectations of healthcare which include having dedicated professionals and units that will attend to them during their hospital visits. Academic and clinical gerontology experts could collaborate and help improve gerontology knowledge of health workers through workshops and conferences. Improving knowledge of health workers in gerontology may be a positive step towards meeting healthcare expectations of older Ghanaians.
With or without internal limiting membrane peeling during idiopathic epiretinal membrane surgery: A meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Qinying , Li Jinying 
Published: January 2021

Background
Although previously published meta-analyses have compared the surgical effects between the methods of Idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM) removal with or without ILM peeling, they did not reach an agreement.

Purpose
We aimed to provide more evidence for the treatment of iERM and whether additional ILM peeling was better or not by analyzing more updated studies and randomized control trials (RCTs).

Method
The search was conducted in Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Open Grey without language limitation and the studies included were from inception to December 2019. All studies of iERM with or without ILM peeling showed at least one of outcomes, such as best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT) and recurrence of ERM. The pooled results between above groups were showed by the mean differences (MDs) and risk ratios (RR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Result
In total, 1645 eyes of five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and fifteen retrospective studies were included. The short-term (<12 months) BCVA improvement in both groups showed no significant difference (MD = -0.01; 95% CI = -0.02 to 0.01; P = 0.36). However, the BCVA improvement was significantly better in ILM peeling eyes than in those without ILM peeling when considering the risk bias (MD = -0.04; 95% CI = -0.07 to -0.01; P = 0.008). The short-term (<12 months) CMT had a higher reduction in non ILM peeling group (MD = -9.02; 95% CI = -12.51 to -5.54; P < 0.00001) and the recurrence of ERM in ILM peeling group was lower (P < 0.00001). The long-term (≥12months) BCVA improvement ((MD = -0.00; 95% CI = -0.03 to 0.03; P = 0.97) and reduction of long-term (≥12months) CMT (MD = -1.14; 95% CI = -7.14 to -4.86; P = 0.71) were similar in both groups.

Conclusion
By considering the risk of bias, we should determine whether ILM peeling is beneficial for short-term changes in BCVA in patients with iERM. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to confirm this. iERM removal without ILM peeling can improve the short-term decrease in CMT and ILM peeling decreases the recurrence of ERM, but the long-term changes in BCVA and CMT are similar with or without ILM peeling. There is a need for a true large scale randomized trial that will also include microperimetry and other functional measures.
CKMT1B is a potential prognostic biomarker and associated with immune infiltration in Lower-grade glioma
Authors: Shi Huadi , Song Yuling , Song Zhi , Huang Chun 
Published: January 2021

Background
Lower-grade glioma (LGG) is the most common histology identified in glioma. CKMT1B has not been investigated in glioma. The purpose of this research was to investigate the prognostic value of CKMT1B and its correlation with immune infiltration in LGG.

Methods
We used Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) to analyze the expression of CKMT1B in LGG. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to assess the effect of CKMT1B expression and screened variables on survival. The correlation between CKMT1B and immune infiltration was evaluated by TIMER and CIBERSORT. Moreover, the possible biological functions of CKMT1B were studied by GSEA. The statistical analysis was conducted by R software.

Results
The expression of CKMT1B was significantly lower than the normal samples in LGG. Low expression of CKMT1B predicts a worse prognosis. Multivariate Cox analyses revealed that CKMT1B might be an independent favorable prognostic indicator. TIMER analysis revealed that CKMT1B expression level was related to immune infiltration. CIBERSORT analysis showed that CKMT1B expression was positively related to the infiltration level of activated mast cells and negatively related to macrophage M2 in LGG. Moreover, GESA showed that multiple cancer-related and immune-related gene sets were enriched in the low-CKMT1B group in the top 5 of the most significant differences.

Conclusion
CKMT1B is a prognostic biomarker with potential applications and associated with immune infiltration in Lower-grade glioma.
Slow Media: Why Slow Is Satisfying, Sustainable, and Smart, Jennifer Rauch (2018)
Authors: Mullan Margaret M. 
Published: January 2021

Review of: Slow Media: Why Slow Is Satisfying, Sustainable, and Smart, Jennifer Rauch (2018)
New York: Oxford University Press, 208 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-19064-1-795, p/bk, $34.95
Transboundary debris in Indonesian frontier and outermost island: A preliminary case study of Nipah Island
Authors: Cordova Muhammad Reza , Purbonegoro Triyoni , Puspitasari Rachma , Subandi Riyana , Kaisupy Muhammad Taufik , Wibowo Singgih Prasetyo Adi , Nurjamin Nurjamin , Suparmo Suparmo , Sapulete Serly 
Published: January 2021

Anthropogenic debris in marine pollution is one of the significant environmental problems. The objective of the research was focused on the abundance and the distribution of debris found on Nipah Island,Riau Island Province, which was surveyed at ten sampling points, as a preliminary monitoring. Abundance and distribution were estimated with line transect of 50m x 3m. Debris items were categorized by the type of material from the NOAA Marine Debris Program. The abundance and weight calculated each of the types, and simple identification of country supplier also determined from the labels of the plastic. The result showed the average debris abundance of 7.05±6.71 items/m<sup>2</sup> and an average weight of 1.67±3.98 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. The most debris abundance found in every station were plastic (single-use plastic bottle/cup), lumber, metal, and glass. Stranded lumber was the dominant weighted samples, followed by plastic debris. Approximately 51.60% of total plastic (food wrappers) with identifiable labels were from Malaysia (24.26%), Indonesia (23.68%), Singapore (2.33%), and elsewhere (1.33%). In order to manage transboundary debris, science is the primary point to obtain proper alternative handling. In order to make successful marine pollution prevention, it is necessary to have a good education and outreach program, a reliable system of law and policy, and law enforcement to the government and private sector.
Propofol-Induced Severe Necrotizing Pancreatitis
Authors: Parekh Akarsh , Zhang Howard 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Propofol is a widely used sedative for gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures. Drug-induced pancreatitis is a relatively rare disease possibly because of poor recognition. Propofol-induced pancreatitis is an extremely rare phenomenon. We present a 22-year-old healthy man who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy with propofol as a sedative. Soon after, he developed acute upper gastrointestinal symptoms and was diagnosed with pancreatitis. His prolonged hospital course was complicated with necrotizing pancreatitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, and other end-organ damages. We hope to increase awareness of a life-threatening adverse event of a commonly used anesthetic such as propofol.
A INSERÇÃO DE MIGRANTES ALAGOANOS NO MERCADO DE TRABALHO DA CIDADE DE ITUIUTABA-MG
Authors: Oliveira Leandro Divino Miranda de , Silva Jussara Goulart da , Ramos Noézia Maria , Prado Rejane Alexandrina Domingues Pereira do , Dutra Sérgio Mendes , Amuy Larissa Costa 
Published: January 2021

Este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar os principais fatores que levam os habitantes de Alagoas a migrar para a cidade de Ituiutaba–MG. O estudo caracteriza-se como exploratório e qualitativo, sendo a coleta de dados feita por meio de entrevistas individuais em profundidade, realizadas com alagoanos que migraram para o município. Já em relação a amostragem, foi amostra por conveniência. O trabalho se torna importante por permitir o entendimento das contribuições dos migrantes para o desenvolvimento da região do Pontal. Foi possível detectar que a maior parte dos alagoanos veio das cidades do interior de Alagoas, devido às desigualdades sociais, e a maioria vem para Ituiutaba-MG com o intuito de trabalhar. Os trabalhos geralmente desempenhados pelos alagoanos são de maioria braçal em usinas e frigoríficos. Constatou-se também que a maioria dos migrantes estão satisfeitos com o atual emprego e que não pretendem voltar para a sua cidade natal.
Commercial Names and Logos
Authors: Abdullah Rozhan N. 
Published: January 2021

This paper entitles 'Commercial Names and Logos: A practical Study' addresses naming job place boards with a special focus on the overuse of foreign names; grammatical and spelling mistakes; and other legal violations. The study consists of two parts, conclusion, and the bibliography. The first part which is theoretical, throws light on the definition and the functions of commercial names; commercial logos; the relation between commercial names and logos; the history of logo; and the related legal procedures. In the practical part i.e., second part, we have specified and corrected the observed mistakes It concentrates on the ways to name business places, the related required conditions such as innovation and renovation. Then, we have suggested some regulations. The samples are taken from Sulaymanyah, Erbil, Koya and Ranya. We have explained the situation in terms of culture, and using foreign words, language policy, and the ways to choose a name, and the mistakes were explained. The researcher concluded that most of those shop boards in Kurdistan Region do not conform to the Kurdish linguistic rules. They use foreign words. There is a strong tendency to attract customers. KRG has not taken the situations seriously. The spelling mistakes are common. They need to be proofread and corrected.
OCCUPATIONAL CHOICE AND CAREER/JOB SATISFACTION AMONG YOUNG SPECIALISTS
Authors: Lubyagina Lubyagina Anastasiya Fedorovna Fedorovna , Gurskaya Svetlana Pavlovna , Melnikova Natalya Nikolaevna 
Published: January 2021

Background: Professional activity is an important component of self-realization. Career and job satisfaction contribute to greater productivity and a sense of success. The initial stage of professional self-determination is occupational choice. Therefore, it is important to understand how to choose a profession and experience a higher level of career and job satisfaction. Aim: the paper aims to study the parameters of occupational choice among young specialists associated with career and job satisfaction in the future. Materials and methods. The sample consisted of 48 respondents, both females and males, young specialists from various professional fields with work experience from 1 year to 3 years. The study was conducted by means of a structured interview followed by content analysis of the data obtained. Career and job satisfaction were studied through self-reporting of subjects. Statistical processing of the data was carried out using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient and the Mann–Whitney U-test in the SPSS Statistics program. Results. The parameters of occupational choice among young specialists were studied such as information saturation, emotional attractiveness, motives of choice, as well as their components. It was found that the “information saturation” parameter includes such elements as “information about the profession”, “knowledge of oneself”, “personal experience of acquaintance with the profession”. The “emotional attractiveness” parameter includes “professional interest” and “emotional attitude”. It was found that personal experience and emotional attractiveness are most closely associated with career and job satisfaction among young specialists. Reliance on motives from the “activity content” category is associated with greater career and job satisfaction, and reliance on motives from the “personal security” category is associated with less pronounced satisfaction in the future. Conclusion. Thus, it was possible to prove the relationship between occupational choice and the subsequent career and job satisfaction among young specialists.
DETERMINING STRATEGIES FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT IN REHABILITATION OF PATIENTS WITH ESOPHAGEAL VARICES IN THE EARLY POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD
Authors: Semichev Evgenii Vasilievich , Sevostyanova Mariya Sergeevna , Chernomurova Polina Andreevna 
Published: January 2021

Background. Despite numerous data on the impossibility of effective rehabilitation of somatic patients without taking into account their psychological status, the psychological profile of patients with esophageal varices remains unexplored and not taken into account in the early postoperative period. Aim. The paper aims to identify the psychological features of patients with esophageal varices to determine promising strategies for increasing the effectiveness of the rehabilitation process in the early postoperative period. Materials and methods. The sample included 22 patients with a verified diagnosis of I 85.9 (ICD-10) and a disease duration of 1 year, who underwent in-hospital treatment in connection with the forthcoming endoscopic sclerosis. Structured clinical interviews and a detailed self-assessment test of disease significance, anxiety level, depression, awareness skills and a system of fundamental cognitive beliefs were conducted. Statistical processing was performed using the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Results. Both subclinical and clinical anxiety was diagnosed in 7 patients (31.81 %) each. No correlation was found between age, disease duration, the number of hospitalizations and the expression of anxiety and depressive symptoms. A high or very high effect of esophageal varices was revealed on the following spheres of social status – a limited feeling of strength and energy (90.9 %), career restrictions (81.8 %), material damage (77.2 %), limited pleasure (68.1 %). The relationship between self-assessment of disease significance (experiencing the impact of the disease on various spheres of life), awareness skills and the system of cognitive beliefs was reliably confirmed. Conclusion. Effective rehabilitation of patients with esophageal varices using the strategies of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy during the early postoperative period has been proven.