bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive impact of residual disease detected using multiparametric flow cytometry on risk stratification of paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia with normal karyotype
Authors: Zeng Hui‐min , Hu Guan‐hua , Lu Ai‐dong , Jia Yue‐ping , Zuo Ying‐xi , Zhang Le‐ping 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionResidual disease (RD) detected using multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC) is an independent predictive variable of relapse in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). However, RD thresholds and optimal assessment time points remain to be validated.Material and methodsWe investigated the significance of RD after induction therapy in paediatric AML with normal karyotype between June 2008 and June 2018. Bone marrow samples from 73 patients were collected at the end of the first (BMA‐1) and second (BMA‐2) induction courses to monitor RD using MFC.ResultsPresence of RD after BMA‐1 and/or BMA‐2 correlated with poor relapse‐free (RFS) and overall survival at 0.1% RD cutoff level. Receiver operating characteristic curve showed that RD cutoff levels of 1.3% and 0.5% after BMA‐1 and BMA‐2, respectively, predicted events with the highest sensitivity and specificity. In multivariable analysis, RD after BMA‐2 was the strongest independent risk predictor for poor RFS (hazard ratio 2.934; 95% confidence interval: 1.106‐7.782; P = .031).ConclusionsOur study therefore suggests that an RD level ≥0.5% after BMA‐2 has a significant predictive impact on the prognosis of AML patients having normal karyotype and thus guide the stratification of treatment strategies.
Low absorption of silicon via foliar in comparison to root application has an immediate antioxidant effect in mitigating water deficit damage in sugarcane
Authors: Teixeira Gelza Carliane Marques , de Mello Prado Renato , Rocha Antonio Márcio Souza 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHigh root absorption of silicon (Si) in sugarcane plants that accumulate the element attenuates water deficit‐induced damage. However, there is a lack of research to identify whether the low relative absorption of Si via leaf spraying compared to root application has an immediate antioxidant effect on plants under water restriction. For this purpose, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of Si applied via leaf spraying and via nutritive solution (root) in mitigating the damage caused by short‐term water deficit induced by PEG‐6000 in pre‐sprouted sugarcane seedlings. The treatments were arranged in a 3 × 2 factorial scheme, consisting of the forms of Si supply: via nutrient solution (SiR) (2.0 mmol/L), via foliar spraying (SiL) (3.4 mmol/L) plus the absence of Si (−Si), combined with the presence (−0.6 MPa) and absence of water deficit, arranged in randomized blocks with 6 repetitions. The experiment was developed in a hydroponic system, in which Si was initially supplied during the seedling production phase; subsequently, water deficit was induced with PEG‐6000 for a period of 72 hr. Plants under water deficit increased the accumulation of Si with the supply of the element via root application and via foliar spraying by 2118% and 98%, respectively, in comparison to the absence of Si. However, although Si foliar absorption was relatively low in comparison to the root, the physiological effects in relieving water deficit‐induced stress were equal to or even higher than those of root application. In conclusion, the amount of Si absorbed by the plant is not a major factor to induce an antioxidant defence response to mitigate the immediate effects of water deficit, since the two forms of application of Si were similar. Si foliar spraying promotes physiological and biochemical effects that alleviate damage done water deficit short term, even on plants with an active absorption mechanism such as sugarcane.
Sulfasalazine, a potent suppressor of gastric cancer proliferation and metastasis by inhibition of xCT: Conventional drug in new use
Authors: Zhuang Jinfu , Liu Xing , Yang Yuanfeng , Zhang Yiyi , Guan Guoxian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the role of sulfasalazine on proliferation and metastasis in gastric cancer by inhibition of xCT. The relationships between clinical characteristics and xCT expression were analysed. An immunohistochemical staining assay and Western blot were performed among gastric cancers and normal gastric tissues. qPCR and Western blot were also used to evaluate the mRNA and protein expression in the normal gastric cell and eight gastric cancer cells, respectively. CCK‐8 and colony formation assays were used to evaluate the effect of sulfasalazine on the proliferation and colony formation ability of three gastric cancers. The effect of sulfasalazine on the migration and invasion abilities of three cancer cells was assessed by the Transwell assay. xCT protein is up‐regulated in gastric cancer specimens and cells. Three gastric cancer cells with high, medium and low expression of xCT were selected for the following analyses. CCK‐8 assays revealed that sulfasalazine could attenuate the proliferation of HGC‐27 and AGS. Also, the colony formation assay revealed that sulfasalazine might attenuate the colony formation ability in HGC‐27 and AGS cells. Plus, the Transwell assays demonstrated that sulfasalazine might attenuate the migration and invasion abilities in HGC‐27 and AGS cells. In conclusion, higher expression of xCT is associated with advanced tumour stage and poor overall survival of gastric cancer. Sulfasalazine can attenuate the proliferation, colony formation, metastasis and invasion of gastric cancer in vitro. Further study is required to validate our findings.
Characterization of Commiphora wightii based bioactive edible film and its efficacy for improving the storage quality of meat products
Authors: Sharma Radhika , Bhat Zuhaib F. , Kumar Arvind , Kumar Sunil , Bekhit Alaa El‐Din A. , Naqvi Zahra 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCommiphora wightii based bioactive edible film was developed for the preservation of meat products. Maltodextrin and alginate‐based edible films were developed using different levels of C. wightii namely, 0.25% (T1), 0.50% (T2), 0.75% (T3) and 0.0% (control) and were characterized (thickness (mm), solubility (%), transparency and moisture content (%)) and assessed for their efficacy for improving the storage quality of meat products during refrigerated storage using chicken nuggets as a meat model system. The chicken nuggets were wrapped in the edible films, packaged under vacuum, and stored at refrigeration temperature (4 ± 1°C) for 60 days. The samples were taken on 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60th day and evaluated for various storage quality parameters. Addition of C. wightii increased (p < .05) total phenolic (mg/g Gallic acid equivalents) and total flavonoid contents (mg/g Quercetin equivalents) and reduced free fatty acids (% oleic acid), TBARS (mg malondialdehyde/kg) and microbial counts [total plate, psychrophilic, yeast/mold, and anaerobic counts (log10 cfu/g)] while improving the sensory quality of the products. Addition of C. wightii increased (p < .05) the thickness (mm), opacity and moisture content (%) whereas decreased the solubility (%) of the films. The C. wightii based edible film significantly (p < .05) improved the lipid oxidative and microbial stability of the model meat product during refrigerated storage. The present results suggest that C. wightii based edible film can be used commercially in the meat industry for improving the storage quality of the meat products.
The prevalence of potential drug–drug interactions in adults with intellectual disability
Authors: McMahon M. , Hatton C. , Bowring D. L. , Hardy C. , Preston N. J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is a high use of medications in adults with intellectual disability (ID). One implication of taking multiple medications is the potential for drug–drug interactions (DDIs). However, despite this being well highlighted in the mainstream literature, little is known about the incidence or associations of DDIs in the ID population.MethodsThis study describes the prevalence, patterns and associations of potential DDIs in a total administrative sample of adults with ID known to services in Jersey. Demographic, health‐related and medication data were collected from 217 adults known to ID services. Data were collected using a face‐to‐face survey. The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system was used to categorise medications, and Stockley's Drug Interaction Checker was used to classify potential DDIs. Drug–drug pairings were considered to be of clinical significance if they were to be ‘avoided, adjusted, monitored or required further information’.ResultsPotential DDIs of clinical significance were common. Exposure to potential DDIs of clinical significance was associated with being female, taking more than five medications (polypharmacy), living in residential care and having more health conditions. A simple regression was used to understand the effect of number of prescribed medications on potential DDIs of clinical significance. Every prescribed drug led to a 0.87 (95% confidence interval: 0.72–1.00) increase in having a potential DDI of clinical significance.ConclusionAdults with ID who live in residential care, who are female, exposed to polypharmacy and have more health conditions may be more likely to have potential DDIs of clinical significance. Urgent consideration needs to be given to the potential of DDIs in this population given their exposure to high levels of medication.
Subjective cognitive abilities correlate with poor sleep among day‐shift and night‐shift nurses
Authors: Veal Britney M. , Mu Christina X. , Small Brent J. , Lee Soomi 
Published: May 2021

SummaryExperimental studies have shown that sleep deprivation may lead to worse performance on cognitive tests. However, few studies have considered how sleep is associated with perceived cognitive performance in the daily lives of hospital nurses who require high cognitive abilities to deliver high‐quality patient care. The current study examined the relationship between sleep and subjective cognition in nurses, and whether the relationship differed by work shift and workdays. Sixty in patient nurses working full‐time (M = 35 years; 39 day‐shift nurses, 21 night‐shift nurses) reported their sleep characteristics and daily subjective cognition using ecological momentary assessment for 14 days. Concurrently, objective sleep characteristics were measured with a sleep actigraphy device for 14 days. Using multilevel modelling, results indicated that at the within‐person and between‐person level, better sleep quality and higher sleep sufficiency were associated with better subjective cognition at the daily‐level and on average. Moderation analyses indicated at the within‐person level, better sleep quality and longer time in bed were associated with better next‐day cognition; these associations were stronger for night‐shift nurses compared with day‐shift nurses. At the between‐person level, better sleep quality and higher sleep sufficiency were also associated with better subjective cognition overall; these associations were significant for day‐shift nurses, but not for night‐shift nurses. The sleep—subjective cognition relationships were more apparent on workdays versus non‐workdays. Findings suggest that sufficient sleep recovery is important for nurses' reports of daily and overall cognitive functioning. Night‐shift nurses' subjective cognitive abilities may be more protected on days following better sleepquality and more sufficient sleep.
Role of Visible Light on Skin Melanocytes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chauhan Aparna , Gretz Norbert 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the last few years, the focus of phototherapy has shifted toward the visible (400–700 nm) part of the electromagnetic spectrum of light. Lately, it has been demonstrated that visible light (VL) can have both beneficial and detrimental effects, especially on the skin. Previously and until now, the most harmful effects on the skin are associated with ultraviolet radiation (UVR). After exposure to natural light, the most evident and immediate change is observed on skin pigmentation. Various wavelengths within the visible spectrum have been reported to alter skin pigmentation. However, the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood so far. The article aims to shed light on the progress made in the photobiology field (photobiomodulation, PBM) to study the role of visible light on skin melanocytes.
Fine me if you can: Fixed asset intensity and enforcement of environmental regulations in China
Authors: Cao Xun , Deng Qing , Li Xiaojun , Shao Zijie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhy do some firms face more environmental regulatory actions than others? We present a theory focusing on firm‐fixed asset intensity. High fixed asset intensity makes a firm less mobile. A less mobile firm cannot present a credible exit threat, making it more susceptible to stringent enforcement. Analysis of key‐monitored firms in Jiangsu province, China of 2012–2014 shows that higher fixed asset intensity is associated with more pollution levies and a higher chance of receiving a punitive action. This result holds in a battery of robustness checks and an instrumental variable analysis. Furthermore, our 2018 online survey of Chinese firm managers shows that those from high fixed asset intensity firms indeed consider their firms less mobile and they pay more environment‐related operating costs. Finally, data from 2004 Chinese Firm‐Level Industrial Survey demonstrate that fixed asset intensity is positively associated with pollution levies in a national sample of 201,926 manufacturing firms.
Trade, emissions, and regulatory (non‐)compliance: Implications of firm heterogeneity
Authors: Chang Juin‐Jen , Cheng Yi‐Ling , Peng Shin‐Kun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper provides the implications of firm heterogeneity for the environment. In autarky, raising emission tax generates an average productivity gain and favors efficient firms in the sense that their output expands. Although some of these efficient firms discharge more emissions, some may discharge less. While trade liberalization raises outputs, global emissions do not necessarily increase. A unilateral increase in emission tax not only decreases the outputs in this country but also decreases its average productivity under sufficiently high trade openness. Trade liberalization reduces global emissions under tax harmonization but it may generate more global emissions under tax competition.
A sense of being rejected: Patients’ lived experiences of cancelled knee or hip replacement surgery
Authors: Caesar Ulla , Hansson‐Olofsson Elisabeth , Karlsson Jon , Olsson Lars‐Eric , Lidén Eva 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundGrowing care queues, reduced access to care and cancelled surgery are realities for some patients being treated with total hip or knee replacement surgery in Sweden.Most of the patients on the waiting lists have experienced pain and limited motion for a varying period of time, with a negative effect on their everyday lives. Overbooked surgical schedules are already contributing to the lengthy waiting times, but, with the addition of cancellations, longer waiting times will increase still further and may affect patients’ well‐being.MethodsIn the present study, we aimed to illuminate the experience of having planned surgery cancelled, based on narratives from 10 participants. The interview transcriptions were analysed using a phenomenological hermeneutic approach.ResultsThe comprehensive analyses revealed that the participants described the agony of being deselected and the additional impression of being excluded. Metaphors of being damaged and feeling physical pain were used and the interpretations referred to the cancellations as unpleasant. Additionally, the important relationship and the trust between the health workers and the patient were negatively affected by the cancellation.ConclusionAfter the cancellation, the participants expressed being vulnerable and from their perspective the cancelled surgery affected them deeply; in fact, much more than the healthcare workers appeared to understand. Therefore, information around the cancellation must be given respectfully and with dignity, in a dialogue between the patient and the healthcare workers. Taken together, to enable an opportunity to be involved in the continued care. The cancellations should be seen as an interruption, in which the patients’ chance of living a pain‐free, active life is postponed.
Structural change and economic development in the Islamic Middle East 700–1500: Population levels and property rights
Authors: Shatzmiller Maya 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEconomic historians have recently treated Islamic institutions as “growth retarding,” “averse to change,” “path dependent,” “lacking creative destruction” and “extractive” rather than “inclusive” and blamed their failure to change for the underdevelopment of the Middle East. This paper argues for a different approach to Islamic institutions which implies that they boosted economic growth. The paper explores changes in economic structures, a transition in population levels from high to low and a transition to individual property rights and provides economic indicators of growth. Articulated via Islamic law, legally sanctioned birth control and women's property rights were instrumental in assuring low fertility rates and equitable and well‐distributed income in the population. The paper concludes theoretically and empirically that Islamic institutions were innovative, amenable to change and efficient.
The roles of English in Afghanistan
Authors: Coleman Hywel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the roles the English language is expected to play in contemporary war‐torn Afghanistan. It identifies 12 roles – some functional, others aspirational. English has a role to play in the development of Afghanistan, albeit limited, and it is believed to provide a means of escape, both literally and metaphorically. On the other hand, in some sections of society, English is seen negatively. In other contexts, English is required to play a neutral role between the two national languages. Analysis of the way that English is used in aspirational contexts suggests a parallel with shamanistic language: it does not need to be understood but, for its audience, the intended beneficiaries, that does not make it any less effective as a symbolic language, at least in the short term. In the longer term, however, as promised benefits fail to appear, English may increasingly be perceived negatively.
Who let the dogs In? An epidemiological study quantifying domestically sourced and imported dogs in Southern Ontario, Canada
Authors: Julien Danielle A. , Sargeant Jan M. , Filejski Catherine , Harper Sherilee L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDogs are reservoirs for many zoonoses. In southern Ontario, Canada, minimal data exist on the sources from which domestic dogs are acquired (i.e., domestic or imported). The objectives of this study were to (1) describe the proportions of domestically sourced and imported dogs in southern Ontario, Canada, (2) describe the characteristics of newly acquired dogs including their province/country of origin, accompanying health documentation and respondent opinion regarding disease risks from different sources, and (3) determine whether a difference in the proportion of imported dogs exists between rural and urban households in southern Ontario, Canada. We conducted a cross‐sectional observational study using an online questionnaire. A total of 2,006 respondents (1,002 rural and 1,004 urban), each representing one household, participated. Over the previous seven‐year period, 731 (36.44%, (731/2,006)) respondents domestically sourced at least one dog, with 684 providing information regarding 962 dogs. Domestically sourced dogs were frequently puppies three to five‐month‐old (25.05%, (241/962)), male (51.87%, (499/962)), from a breeder (30.98%, (298/962)), and sourced from within Ontario (92.93%, (894/962)). As self‐reported by respondents, 63.52% (484/762) of domestically sourced dogs greater than 3 months were vaccinated against rabies. Over the same period, individuals from 55 of 2,006 households (2.74%) imported at least one dog. Imported dogs were frequently under three months of age (29.09%, 16/55)), male (58.18%, (32/55)), and found via a breeder (32.73%, (18/55)). Most imported dogs originated from the USA (52.73%, (29/55)). Rabies vaccination in dogs three months and older is provincially required in Ontario and is also required for canine importation into Canada; however, some imported dogs over three months were unvaccinated (7.69%, (3/39)). The odds ratio for importing at least one dog in urban households compared with rural households was 1.93 (95% CI: 1.03–3.62) when controlling for number of household occupants and gross household income.
Analysis Method of Nonsynchronous Vibration and Influence of Tip Clearance Flow Instabilities on Nonsynchronous Vibration in an Axial Transonic Compressor Rotor
Authors: Han Le , Wei Dasheng , Wang Yanrong , Jiang Xianghua , Zhang Xiaojie 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The relationship between the tip clearance flow (TCF) and the blade vibration in the lock-in region was numerically investigated on a transonic rotor. Both the bending (1B) and torsional (8th) modes were analyzed under 0 ND. The time marching method and a single-passage model were used, which were verified by citing and comparing with the results in references. The phase of the TCF (referring to the phase difference between the unsteady pressure caused by the TCF and the blade vibration) changed with the frequency ratio in the lock-in region. The strength of the TCF was influenced slightly by the blade vibration amplitude. A separation method of the unsteady pressure caused by the TCF and the blade vibration was developed and verified at different conditions. The unsteady pressure of nonsynchronous vibration (NSV) was separated into the components of the TCF and the blade vibration under the 1B and 8th modes. The unsteady pressure component of the TCF changed little with the vibration amplitude and mainly existed in the tip area. The unsteady pressure component of the blade vibration was larger at part spans and its distribution depended on the modal shape and the vibration amplitude. The unsteady pressure components of the TCF and the blade vibration determined the aerodynamic work/damping in the lock-in region. The aerodynamic work components of the TCF and the blade vibration increased linearly and at a rate of the square with the vibration amplitude, respectively. TCF was dominant in the initial stage of vibration. With the vibration amplitude increasing, the aerodynamic work done by the unsteady pressure component of the blade vibration gradually caught up. The aerodynamic damping of the TCF changed with the phase of the TCF. TCF provided positive damping at some phases and negative damping at other phases. In the initial stage of vibration, the system was stable at the phases TCF providing positive damping and unstable at the phases of negative damping. NSV occurred only when TCF provided negative damping and the unsteady pressure component of the blade vibration provided positive damping. If the aerodynamic damping of the blade vibration was negative, the vibration would be enlarged until failure. Regardless of other damping forms, the maximum amplitude of NSV can be obtained by calculating the balance of the aerodynamic work. For the 8th mode, the limit amplitude under 0 ND was 0.0926%C, which corresponded to vibration stress of about 60 MPa.