bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurses’ Perceptions of Barriers to Out-of-Bed Activities Among Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Cooper Dawn , Gasperini Monica , Parkosewich Janet A. 
Published: July 2021

Background
Delays in early patient mobility are common in critical care areas. Oral intubation with mechanical ventilation is negatively associated with out-of-bed activities.

Objectives
To explore nurses’ mobility practices for patients with oral intubation and mechanical ventilation and identify barriers related to patient, nurse, and environment-of-care factors specific to this population.

Methods
In this cross-sectional, descriptive study in a medical intensive care unit, mobility was defined as standing, sitting in a chair, or walking. A total of 105 patients who met predefined mobility criteria and their 48 nurses were enrolled. Nurses were interviewed about mobility practices at the ends of shifts. Descriptive statistics summarized nurse and patient characteristics and mobility barriers.

Results
Patients were deemed ready to begin mobility within a mean (SD) of 41.5 (34.8) hours after oral endotracheal intubation. Two-thirds of nurses reported that they never or rarely got these patients out of bed. Only 12.4% of patients had a clinician’s activity order. Common patient-related barriers were uncooperative behavior (21.9%) and active medical issues (15%), even in patients who met mobility criteria. Nurse-related barriers were concerns for patient safety, specifically falls (14.3% of patients) and harm (9.5%). The environment of care posed very few barriers; nurses rarely mentioned that lack of help (13.3% of patients) or lack of clinician’s activity order (5.7%) impeded mobility.

Conclusions
Mobility practices were nonexistent in these patients despite patients’ being deemed ready to begin out-of-bed activities. Nurses must be attentive to their unit’s mobility culture to overcome these barriers.
Effects of four organic amendments on soil physiochemical properties and yield of maize (Zea mays) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) intercrop in Awka, southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Onunwa A.O. , Nwaiwu C.J. , Nwankwor J.E. , Emeh C.E. , Madueke C.O. , Igwe C.A. 
Published: July 2021

Effects of four organic amendments on some soil physical and chemical properties were investigated in Awka, Anambra State in southeastern Nigeria. Over the years, use of synthetic materials in crop production has been a common practice globally. The attendant detrimental effects of the chemicals used in the formulation of these synthetics on animal and human health as well as the environment has made researchers to look out for a better agronomic practice that would not only improve productivity but at the same time sustain a healthy environment. Sole maize, sole cowpea and maize-cowpea intercrop (study area conventional practices) were planted using four soil organic amendments viz: cassava peel (CP), poultry manure (PM), pig waste (PW) and rice husk (RH) at the rate of 20 t ha–1 with the fifth as the control. The treatments were laid out in a 3 × 5 factorial in randomized complete block design and replicated four times. Data on the treatments’ effects on the selected soil physical properties (bulk density, total porosity, soil moisture) and chemical properties (soil pH, available phosphorus, cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic carbon, exchangeable bases and exchangeable acidity) were subjected to factorial analysis of variance using GenStat 2006 Edition. Results indicated that for sole maize, the amendments had significant effect onexchangeable Al3+and Na+; organic carbon, soil pH, available phosphorus and CEC but had no significant effect on Ca2+, H+, Mg2+ and K+ as compared to the control. For sole cowpea, compared to the plots with no amendment (control), all the chemical parameters analyzed differed significantly except organic carbon. Whereas, for maize-cowpea intercrop the treatments had no significant effect on Al3+, Na+, K+ and available phosphorus but differed significantly in exchangeable H+, Ca2+, Mg2+, organic carbon, soil pH, and CEC. There was a decrease in bulk density following the amendment. For sole maize, sole cowpea and maizecowpea intercrop; bulk density, total porosity and moisture content of the amended plots were significantly (p< 0.05) influenced. Organic amendments also significantly improved the growth and yield of maize and cowpea in both the sole and intercrop systems. Generally, poultry manure resulted in higher plant height,number of leaves and leaf area for maize; vine length, number of branches for cowpea as compared with other amendments. Hence, poultry manure was the most effective organic amendment in improving the soil physical and chemical properties as well as the growth and yield of cowpea and maize.
Key words: Growth, maize-cowpea intercrop, soil physical and chemical properties, soil organic amendments
Empleo digno y de calidad: ¿utopía en el trabajo doméstico?
Authors: Rodríguez Copé María Luisa 
Published: July 2021

El trabajo doméstico en España constituye un sector altamente feminizado, donde la regulación, con importantes y manifiestas lagunas, es deficiente y no está adaptada al contexto actual. La falta de voluntad política y de concienciación social, así como de acercamiento a la realidad de los problemas cotidianos a los que tienen que hacer frente las personas empleadas de hogar, son algunas de las razones que explican la precariedad con la que se desempeña esta relación laboral catalogada de especial. Con el objetivo de ofrecer al lector una visión general, este estudio, partiendo del concepto de “trabajo decente”, examina algunos elementos claves del marco jurídico de regulación del empleo doméstico en España. Haciendo especial hincapié en la necesidad de ratificación del Convenio 189 OIT, se repasan y analizan aspectos básicos sobre las condiciones de trabajo de la relación de servicio prestada en el hogar familiar (especialmente, tiempo de trabajo y salario), a la dificultad para articular el derecho a negociación colectiva en este ámbito, a la desprotección ante la pérdida del trabajo y a las consecuencias de la inaplicación de la Ley de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales, en particular la problemática a la hora de identificar y calificar los riesgos derivados del trabajo y, en consecuencia, para determinar el alcance de la responsabilidad de la persona empleadora, indagando en las aportaciones realizadas por la doctrina judicial más reciente y determinando, de este modo, el posicionamiento de la misma en un tema de gran relevancia práctica.
BASIC SCHOOL TEACHERS’ ASSESSMENT PRACTICES IN THE SISSALA EAST MUNICIPALITY, GHANA
Authors: Osman Shani 
Published: July 2021

<p>This study employed a sequential explanatory mixed-method design to examine basic school teachers’ classroom assessment conceptions in the Sissala East Municipality in the Upper West Region of Ghana. In particular, the study examined the classroom assessment practices of teachers and their demographic characteristics that influence their assessment practices. Quantitative data gathered from 203 respondents were analyzed using mean, standard deviations, t-test and ANOVA. In the follow-up qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 12 participants and the data subjected to interpretive thematic analysis. The findings revealed that teachers mostly employ traditional assessment methods than alternative assessment tools Furthermore, gender, age, assessment training, teaching experience and class teaching level impacted the teachers’ use of assessment methods. It was recommended among other issues that regular in-service training in assessment be conducted for teachers for them to be up-to-date and also develop their skills and use of appropriate alternative classroom assessment practices.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0775/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
Hubungan Health Locus of Control dengan Kepatuhan Diet pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 di RSUD Kota Depok Tahun 2020
Authors: Adhanty Shania , Ayubi Dian , Anshari Dien 
Published: July 2021

Latar Belakang. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) telah menyebabkan 4,2 juta kematian pada tahun 2019. Di Indonesia, penyakit DM merupakan salah satu PTM yang menyebabkan kematian utama. Kepatuhan diet menjadi perilaku yang sangat penting dan diperlukan kendali diri.Tujuan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui hubungan lokus kendali diri untuk sehat baik dimensi internal, orang berpengaruh, keberuntungan dan faktor lainnya dengan kepatuhan diet pasien DM tipe 2 di RSUD Kota Depok tahun 2020.Metode. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional, pengambilan data dilakukan melalui convenience sampling pada 52 pasien DM tipe 2 yang berkunjung ke poli penyakit dalam RSUD Kota Depok.Hasil. Pasien memiliki nilai kepatuhan diet yang cukup yaitu 66,23 dari skala 100. Hasil uji korelasi pearson menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dengan kekuatan sedang dan positif antara lokus kendali untuk sehat dimensi internal dan dimensi orang berpengaruh dengan kepatuhan diet (r= 0,46 dan r= 0,28) diikuti dengan dimensi keberuntungan menunjukkan kekuatan sedang dan negatif terhadap kepatuhan diet (r= -0,28).Kesimpulan. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara health locus of control dimensi internal, powerful others dan chance dengan kepatuhan diet dengan kekuatan hubungan sedang dan arah korelasi positif pada dimensi internal dan powerful others sedangkan negatif pada dimensi chance. ABSTRACTBackground. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) caused 4.2 million deaths in 2019. In Indonesia, DM is an NCD that causes major deaths. Dietary adherence becomes a vital behavior and requires self-control. Objective. This study aimed to determine the relationship between health locus of control on internal, powerful-others, chance dimensions and other factors with dietary adherence among type 2 DM patients at Depok City Hospital in 2020.Method. This study used a cross-sectional design and data collection through convenience sampling on 52 type 2 DM patients who visited internist poly in Depok City Hospital.Results. This study indicates that patients have adequate dietary adherence values 66,23 on a scale of 100. Pearson correlation test results show a significant relationship between health locus of control on internal and powerful-others dimensions with a moderate and positive relationship with dietary adherence (r= 0,46 and r= 0,28). Meanwhile, the chance dimension shows a moderate and negative relationship with dietary adherence (r= -0,28).Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between health locus of control internal, powerful others and chance dimensions with dietary compliance with moderate strength. The direction of the correlation is positive on the internal dimension and powerful others while negative on the chance dimension.
Segitiga Kebijakan dan Analisis SWOT Mengenai Implementasi Kebijakan PSBB dalam Penanggulangan COVID-19 di DKI Jakarta
Authors: Wati Risa Laras , Elisabet Belinda Meliana , Goenawan Goalbertus , Nurhanifah Nurhanifah , Pratomo Hadi 
Published: July 2021

Latar Belakang. Provinsi DKI Jakarta merupakan provinsi dengan kasus tertinggi COVID-19 di Indonesia. Pada 23 Juni 2020 terdapat 10.123 kasus terkonfirmasi dan merupakan provinsi yang pertama kali menetapkan status Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB).Tujuan. Mengkaji implementasi kebijakan PSBB untuk merumuskan strategi pelaksanaan kebijakan di masa mendatang.Metode. Implementasi kebijakan PSBB Provinsi DKI Jakarta dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat). Analisis SWOT merupakan suatu alat perencanaan strategis yang banyak digunakan dalam program pengembangan masyarakat, kesehatan dan pendidikan. Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder berupa kebijakan-kebijakan PSBB yang diperoleh melalui situs resmi Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta dan berita-berita terkait kebijakan PSBB DKI Jakarta yang dimuat di media cetak maupun elektronik pada rentang waktu antara 25 Februari 2020 sampai dengan 5 Juni 2020.Hasil. Adanya dukungan dari tokoh masyarakat, aplikasi untuk mendukung pekerjaan dan pendidikan jarak jauh, serta adanya dukungan dari pemerintah pusat, TNI dan Polri serta tokoh masyarakat merupakan suatu peluang agar bisa menerapkan kebijakan secara maksimal.Kesimpulan. Kebijakan PSBB sudah diimplementasikan dengan baik karena sudah mengatur seluruh aspek kehidupan masyarakat dan berhasil menekan penyebaran COVID-19 di Ibu Kota. ABSTRACTIntroduction. DKI Jakarta is the province with the highest COVID-19 cases in Indonesia, with 10.123 confirmed cases as of 23th June 2020, and it was the first province to determine the status of Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB).Objective To review the implementation of large scale social restrictions policy to formulate a strategy for implementing future policies Methods. The implementation of the DKI Jakarta PSBB policy was analyzed using a SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat) analysis. SWOT analysis is a strategic planning tool that is widely used in community development, health and education programs. The study uses secondary data in the form of PSBB policies obtained through the official website of the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government as well as news related to the DKI Jakarta PSBB policies published in print and electronic media in the period between 25 th February 2020 to 5 th June 2020 Results. The existence of support from community leaders, applications to support work and study from home, as well as support from the Central Government, TNI and Polri as well as community leaders are an opportunity to be able to implement policies optimallyConclusion. The PSBB policy has been well implemented because it has managed all aspects of people’s lives and has succeeded in suppressing the spread of COVID-19 in the capital city.
Bagaimana Media Memberitakan Pandemi: Analisis Isi Berita Mengenai COVID-19 di detik.com dan kompas.com
Authors: Aribah Ghina , Anshari Dien 
Published: July 2021

Latar Belakang. Dalam situasi pandemi COVID-19, komunikasi risiko terkait pencegahan dan penanganan merupakan hal yang penting disampaikan secara berkesinambungan melalui media massa yang mudah diakses oleh publikTujuan. mendapatkan gambaran komunikasi risiko dalam berita tentang COVID-19 yang dipublikasi oleh detik.com dan kompas.com.Metode. menggunakan metode analisis isi artikel berita dengan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif. Artikel berita yang menjadi data untuk penelitian ini diambil pada Maret-April 2020 dengan metode pengambilan sampel secara acak stratifikasi proporsional. Hasil. Hanya sebagian kecil berita yang memuat informasi mengenai ukuran epidemiologi, sifat penyakit, cara penanganan, dampak non-kesehatan, dan kritik terhadap kebijakan pemerintah tentang COVID-19. Hampir sebagian berita memuat informasi mengenai kebijakan pemerintah daerah maupun pusat, serta sebagian besar berita pada kedua media daring tersebut memuat informasi mengenai cara pencegahan. Adapun sumber informasi sebagian besar berasal dari institusi. Jenis pesan yang paling banyak adalah pesan yang mengandung ancaman. Kedua media berbeda dalam penggunaan deskripsi bukti, dimana detik.com lebih sering menggunakan bentuk naratif, sedangkan kompas.com lebih sering menggunakan bentuk kombinasi antara angka, data statistik dan naratif.Kesimpulan. Pemberitaan di detik.com dan kompas.com belum sepenuhnya selaras dengan kaidah dalam komunikasi risiko. Media daring sebaiknya lebih banyak memuat pesan efikasi yang dapat membantu publik melewati situasi pandemi. ABSTRACTIntroduction. During the pandemic COVID-19, online news is one of the most accessible channels to disseminate information about the current situation and prevent and mitigate the disease.Objective to get the portrayals of risk communication in news articles about the COVID-19 pandemicMethods. Used content analysis method with descriptive quantitative approach. Data came from selecting news articles published by detik.com and kompas.com in March and April 2020 using a stratified proportional random sampling technique. Results. There were limited news articles that provide epidemiology information, disease characteristics, how to mitigate the disease, the non-health effects of COVID-19, and criticism of the government’s policy. Almost half of the articles from both media shared information about prevention. In terms of message type, most of the articles used threat messages. Both media also mostly cited institutions as the source of information. Both media differ in depicting the evidence, whereas detik.com mostly used narrative forms, while kompas.com more frequently used the combination of numbers, statistical data, and narrative structures.Conclusion. News on detik.com and kompas.com is not entirely in line with the rules in risk communication. Online news media should incorporate efficacy messages into their news articles during this pandemic situation.
Frequency and Pattern of Bronchiectasis in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Presenting in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Karamat Asifa , Batool Huma , Anwar Sohail , Akram Shazia , Masood Atif , Rafai Wajid Ali 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a high burden respiratory issue all over the world. It has high morbidity and mortality in the United States. Bronchiectasis is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is under diagnosed as diagnostic tools like HRCT though easily available but an expensive test in developing countries like Pakistan. We aim to establish the frequency and patterns of bronchiectasis in patients of COPD.Aims and Objectives: To establish the frequency and pattern of bronchiectasis in COPD in our population so that we can improve patient care and quality of life of these patients.Place and duration of study: We did a cross sectional survey in Department of Pulmonology, Gulab Devi Hospital, Lahore. Study was completed from 1st September 2017 to 28th February 2018.Material & Methods: After taking an informed consent 150 already diagnosed COPD patients were included. Bronchiectasis was seen on high resolution CT scan (HRCT). Data was collected on a structured proforma and analyzed on SPSS version 20.Results: Bronchiectasis was observed in 76 (50.6%) patients of COPD while 74 patients had no bronchiectasis. Out of 76, cylindrical bronchiectasis was seen in 82%. Lower lobe and bilateral involvement was more common. Means of age, gender, exacerbations of COPD, and history of pulmonary tuberculosis were not related to bronchiectasis while pack years of smoking, duration of illness and Modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) Dyspnea Scale were significantly related to bronchiectasis.Conclusion: This is observed that bronchiectasisis quite common (50.6%) in patients of COPD in our population.
A research proposal to study the life cycle of COV
Authors: Tin Phelps , Kunes Sam 
Published: July 2021

SARS-CoV2 continues to affect the lives of the majority of the world, and although vaccines are beginning to become available, much of the world will still be unable to obtain them. Furthermore, some studies have suggested that there may have to be annual vaccines and as strains of the virus continue to increase, it is essential for us to move to the next stage of research and attempt to better understand the virus.
By utilizing a chemical genetics approach where numerous ligands of distinct chemical libraries are screened through high-throughput screening, we may be able to form an ordered viral cycle of metabolic events that could help identify drug targets more efficiently and coordinate drug use to improve efficacy. A modified version of the virus (to decrease its ability of infection) along with the URA3 protein is then inserted into yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and screened. A simple assay involving the addition of 5’- fluoroorotic acid helps to determine ligand interference and after identifying the compounds, we can order their action into specific steps in the lifecycle and order the events of the life cycle.
Investigating Auditory and Visual Memory and Sequencing- Exploring Strengthening Therapeutics for Alzheimer's Patients
Authors: Ganjian Chloe , McCarthy Merideth 
Published: July 2021

In modern society, the inherent differences found between females and males are a sensitive topic of debate. It is common for people to associate females with the possession of stronger and more profound visual and auditory memory in comparison to males. This research explored the variances between the sexes by examining and comparing the auditory and visual memories of a population of females and a population of males. The auditory and visual memories of the different sexes will be analyzed through a variety of tasks that will measure their memory capabilities.

Participants of the experiment took two pre-designed tests, a different test for each type of memory. The auditory test included four distinct sounds that played in a specific pattern and challenged the participants’ memory capacities. Through the use of MATLAB, a program developed by MathWorks, and by using coding language, a visual memory game was developed for the visual test. This test contained four different colors that illuminated in a specific sequence. Each participant completed two trials for each type of test to allow them the opportunity to achieve their maximum potential.

The analysis of the results contradicted stereotypical beliefs embedded in societal norms. Males collectively demonstrated a higher capacity for memory than females. Notably, both sexes improved their memory performance on the visual tests more than the auditory tests. An application of these results could be used as therapeutic exercises to help strengthen the memory of patients who suffer from Alzheimer’s disease and other memory loss.
The Carrot and the Stick
Authors: Echambadi Mira , Chennamaneni Pavan Rao 
Published: July 2021

After I helped construct a school in Guatemala, I found their educational system might be corrupt. I used game theory, or the study of strategic interdependence, to analyze this issue. Each actor anticipates the other’s reactions and acts accordingly. Payoff matrices, 2-by-2 grids in which one actor’s options are listed across the top of the boxes and the second actor’s options are listed by the left side of the boxes, helped simplify this complex situation into a workable model that shows individual incentives and actions as well as the collective best action for societal welfare. If the first player makes “x” choice rather than “y” choice, is the second player incentivized to make “a” or “b” choice? Conversely, if the first player makes “y” choice, is the second player incentivized to make “a” or “b” choice? If, for a particular choice, no player can do better by unilaterally changing its decision, it is a Nash equilibrium.
Ideally, the government won’t receive a bribe, and the parents will send their children to volunteer. The penalty if the local government gets caught accepting a bribe plays an important role; interestingly, increasing the government's goodwill amongst the local population through the school-building process would also lead to the ideal outcome. Further, simultaneously increasing both the penalty from accepting a bribe, as well as the goodwill to the government from school-building, produces the optimal outcome. I call this the “carrot and the stick” approach, and it may prove quite effective in ending corruption entirely.