bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hubble Space Telescope Observations of the Old Pulsar PSR J0108–1431*
Authors: Abramkin Vadim , Shibanov Yuriy , Mignani Roberto P. , Pavlov George G. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We present results of optical-UV observations of the 200 Myr old rotation-powered radio pulsar J0108−1431 with the Hubble Space Telescope. We found a putative candidate for the far-UV (FUV) pulsar counterpart, with the flux density f

ν
= 9.0 ± 3.2 nJy at λ = 1528 Å. The pulsar was not detected, however, at longer wavelengths, with 3σ upper limits of 52, 37, and 87 nJy at λ = 4326, 3355, and 2366 Å, respectively. Assuming that the pulsar counterpart was indeed detected in FUV, and the previously reported marginal U and B detections with the Very Large Telescope were real, the optical-UV spectrum of the pulsar can be described by a power-law model with a nearly flat f

ν
spectrum. Similar to younger pulsars detected in the optical, the slope of the nonthermal spectrum steepens in the X-ray range. The pulsar’s luminosity in the 1500–6000 Å wavelength range, L ∼ 1.2 × 1027(d/210 pc)2 erg s−1, corresponds to a high efficiency of conversion of pulsar rotation energy-loss rate

to the optical-UV radiation,

, depending on somewhat uncertain values of distance and spectral slope. The brightness temperature of the bulk neutron star surface does not exceed 59,000 K (3σ upper bound), as seen by a distant observer. If we assume that the FUV flux is dominated by a thermal component, then the surface temperature can be in the range of 27,000–55,000 K, Requiring a heating mechanism to operate in old neutron stars.
Walk the talk – risque perçu et innovation collaborative : le cas de Plateau Fertile, un tiers-lieu textile
Authors: Astier Benjamin , Labour Michel 
Published: April 2021

Cet article s’attache à questionner la trajectoire d’un tiers-lieu, qui rassemble, avec un certain succès, des « protagonistes » aux préoccupations diverses autour de projets d’innovation. Nous explorons alors les conditions de ce succès apparent. Afin de saisir la dynamique info-communicationnelle du tiers-lieu, nous avons recueilli des données par une série d’observations du terrain tout au long de l’année 2018, accompagnées par 12 entretiens. L’analyse des données constate de valeurs-éthiques distinctives au cœur d’une communauté d’entraide focalisée sur l’innovation collaborative-coopérative. Ces valeurs-éthiques (Confiance, Responsabilité, Engagement) semblent affecter le risque perçu face à l’appréhension de situations incertaines. L’analyse permet aussi d’éclairer la place prépondérante des pratiques numériques au sein du tiers-lieu. Ces constatations nous ont conduits à une formalisation originale de la notion de risques perçus comme un élément clé des pratiques collaboratives-coopératives innovatrices.
Modalités de pilotage d’un système de retraite et réponses à des chocs démographiques et économiques
Authors: Albert Christophe , Nortier Ribordy Frédérique 
Published: April 2021

Le pilotage d’un système de retraite par répartition consiste pour les gestionnaires à choisir et ajuster les leviers dont ils disposent en vue d’atteindre les objectifs qui leur sont assignés et pour faire face à des aléas économiques et/ou démographiques auxquels ils sont confrontés. Dans ce cadre, les gestionnaires peuvent s’engager sur des règles précises, ce qui les contraint alors dans leur pilotage. Trois catégories peuvent être distinguées : les systèmes à « prestations définies » où l’engagement porte sur le montant des pensions et l’ajustement est réalisé par les cotisations ; les systèmes à « cotisations définies », où l’engagement porte sur le taux de cotisation et les ajustements se font sur l’âge de liquidation ou le montant de la pension ; et les systèmes à « rendement défini » où l’engagement porte sur le rendement des cotisations de façon à assurer à chaque génération l’équivalent actuariel de ses cotisations. Il peut être démontré que tant que l’économie et la démographie sont stationnaires, ces trois modes de pilotage sont équivalents à taux de cotisation constant et avec des paramètres fixés de façon à respecter l’équilibre d’un système de retraite (en particulier si les droits et les pensions sont indexés sur la masse des rémunérations et si l’espérance de vie à la retraite est prise en compte à la liquidation). En revanche, les réactions du système de retraite face à des chocs démographique ou économique ne sont pas les mêmes selon le mode de pilotage privilégié. En particulier, les systèmes à prestations définies ne s’équilibrent pas automatiquement à long terme en cas de choc démographique ou économique. Avec une indexation sur la masse des rémunérations, les systèmes à cotisations définies s’équilibrent à long terme en cas de choc tant que l’espérance de vie à la retraite reste stable. Seuls les systèmes en rendement défini incorporent des mécanismes permettant de revenir à l’équilibre, quel que soit le type de choc. Des fluctuations autour de l’équilibre restent néanmoins possibles dans des systèmes de ce type et l’ajustement à un allongement de la durée de retraite dépend largement de la façon dont est anticipé ou non cet allongement.
Social Media Addiction of Employees: Does it Affect Labor Supply?
Authors: Samaraweera G. R. S. R. C. , Wijesinghe M. D. J. W. 
Published: April 2021

The main objective of this research is to identify the impact of social media addiction on the labour supply of employees in Sri Lanka. The study covers 390 employees through a questionnaire survey. The study used the endogenous switching regression model for modelling average working hours per week day of social media addicts and non-addicts comparatively. Age, marital status, executive employment, type of social media and commuting distance to the workplace are the key factors associated with social media addiction of workers as in the selection function of the model. Working hours of social media addicts are affected by age, gender and executive employment while the working hours of non addicts are mainly affected by gender, marriage, executive employment, years of education and monthly net salary. Social media addiction of non addicts causes reduction of average hours of work per week day, while hours of work of social media addicts increase, if they have given up social media addiction. Institution specific policy insights are also proposed to increase the performance of employees.
Effect of smartphone applications on cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality metrics in a mannequin study
Authors: Sevil Hüseyin , Bastan Volga , Gültürk Esma , El Majzoub Imad , Göksu Erkan 
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE:
The aim of this randomized, cross-over trial is to reveal the effect of smartphone cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) feedback applications (App) on a group of lay rescuers' chest compression-only CPR quality metrics. Quality metrics is measured initially and after 3 months.

METHODS:
A floor-based Resusci Anne mannequin (Laerdal Medical, Stavanger, Norway) was used. Three scenarios (CPR with device App-on [scenario-a], CPR with device App-off [scenario-b], and hands-only CPR [scenario-c]) were randomly allocated to all participants. All the participants performed 2 min of hands only-CPR for each scenario. Data of mean chest compression rate, mean chest compression depth, and recoil were recorded and compared for each scenario.

RESULTS:
One hundred and thirty-seven first-year students from the Vocational School of Health Services in Turkey participated in this study to mimic lay rescuers. Difference in the initial mean rate of chest compressions was statistically significant when CPR was performed with device App-on (scenario-a) compared to scenarios b and c (P < 0.001, P < 0.001). Furthermore, difference in the mean chest compression rate at the 3rd month was statistically significant among the scenarios when CPR was performed with device App-on (scenario-a) (P = 0.002, P = 0.001). The difference in initial and 3rd month mean compression depth and the percentage of recoil was not statistically significant among the scenarios.

CONCLUSION:
This study shows that the mean chest compression rate and percentage of compressions with adequate rate improved with smartphone App-on, and these results were persistent up to 3 months.
Effect of performance level on the longitudinal electromyographic activity of vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles after induced extreme fatigue with a workload of 30 repetition maximum
Authors: Shaw Dhananjoy , Singh Deepak , Kaur Manvinder , Ahlawat Umesh Kr. , Bhatia Dinesh 
Published: April 2021

CONTEXT:
The study of longitudinal electromyographic (EMG) activity of the muscles under extreme fatigue conditions has been an inadequately explored area in muscle fatigue research.

AIMS:
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of performance level on the longitudinal EMG activity of the vastus medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis (VL) after induced extreme fatigue with a workload of 30 repetition maximum (RM).

DESIGN:
This was a cross-sectional study.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Eighteen healthy intercollegiate level male sportspersons (age: 19.84 ± 2.1 years, height: 171.38 ± 8.48 cm, and weight: 69.72 ± 13.85 kg) were randomly selected as participants. As fatigue protocol, 30 repetitions of leg extension exercise with 30 RM load were performed. Isometric contraction of VM and VL muscles at an angle of 0°–10° with 30 RM load was performed until failure as the postfatigue or extreme fatigue protocol. Both protocols were performed in Cybex VR1 leg curl exercise device. EMG activity was recorded from VL and VM during the postfatigue protocol. EMG data were acquired using a 4-Channel Wireless EMG BIOPAC Inc. MP150 system. A criterion called relative impulse (RI) was developed. Based on the magnitude of RI of participants, nine participants were enlisted and equally divided into high-performance (HP) group, mid-performance (MP) group, and low-performance (LP) group. The raw EMG signals were quantified through MATLAB to derive root mean square (RMS) and median frequency (MDF).

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED:
One-way ANOVA and least significant difference (at P < 0.05) were used to assess the influence of performance level, and independent two-tailed t-test (at P < 0.05) was applied to compare the EMG activities of VM and VL in regard to performance level.

RESULTS:
All the groups displayed a constant linear trend in regard to MDF and RMS except for the HP group in the VL and LP groups in VM. The EMG activities of all the groups were not significantly different from each other under extreme fatigue. However, muscle activation of VM and VL was significantly different from each other in the MP and LP groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
Findings are useful for further understanding muscle fatigue.
Complementary medicine utilization and practices of self-medication in the field practice areas of a medical college of district Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka, India
Authors: Kumar Saurabh , Shetty Achal , Bhat Sowmya , Prabhu Sudhir , Dsouza Oliver , Krishna K. Nishanth , Dsouza Moira , Narayana V. 
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Complementary modalities have been established globally but lack of sufficient data on their utilization patterns hinders the mainstreaming with the existing health care delivery system. The concerning issues are especially of self-medication and usage of complementary medicines with or without the usage of allopathic drugs.

AIM:
The study aims to find out the prevalence of complementary medicine utilization and prevalence of self-medication amongst the people in the field practice areas of the medical college.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2018 to January 2019. The International questionnaire for the use of Complementary and alternative systems of Medicine was used to interview the 451 study participants. The results were expressed in percentages and proportions. Chi-square test was used to find out the association of sociodemographic variables with the use of complementary medicine and self-medication practices.

RESULTS:
Overall prevalence of utilizing the complementary medicine services were found to be 17.7%. About 14.6% and 2.9% of the study participants visited ayurvedic and homeopathic practitioners, respectively for the past 12 months. A significantly higher proportion of the rural population was utilizing the services of the complementary system of medical practitioners. Other sociodemographic variables were not found to be associated with the utilization of complementary medicine services. The prevalence of self-medication practices was found to be 25.9%.

CONCLUSION:
The prevalence of complementary medicine utilization was lower than the prevalence of self-medication practices. Rural area study participants accessed more services of a complementary system of medical practitioners.
Phytochemical and high-performance thin-layer chromatography analysis of Ashawattha (Ficus religiosa Linn.) Kaanda Twaka (outer portion of stem bark) Churna (powder)
Authors: Jawanjal Pravin , Bedarkar Prashant , Patgiri Biswajit , Shukla V. J. 
Published: April 2021

AIM:
The aim of this study was to evaluate phytochemical constituent and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis of Ashawattha Kandatwaka (the outer portion of stem bark) Churna (powder).

INTRODUCTION:

Ashawattha Kandatwaka Churna is a major constituent of numerous ayurvedic formulations. The plant has possessed their various pharmacological activities such as antifungal, anthelmintic, hypoglycemic, antibacterial, antioxidant, anticonvulsant, hypolipidemic, immunomodulatory, and wound healing activities.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Experiments were performed on authenticated plant materials following standard procedures. The methanol extract of stem bark of Ficus religiosa Linn. was used for the HPTLC study. Toluene (9 ml) and ethyl acetate (1 ml) were used for stem bark of F. religiosa Linn. as a mobile phase.

RESULTS:
Identification of alkaloids, steroids, and amino acids was confirmed through the phytochemical parameter. In the HPTLC study, the Rf values obtained at 254 nm were 0.02 and at 366 nm were 0.01, 0.17, and 0.53, respectively.

CONCLUSION:
Physiochemical analysis including HPTLC of Ashawattha Kaanda Twaka Churna will help in further standardization.
Isolation, characterization and acyclovir susceptibility of herpes simplex virus isolates among immunocompromised patients
Authors: Nag Soumyabrata , Sengupta Mallika , Sarkar Soma , Ray Yogiraj , Chattopadhyay Debprasad , Sengupta Manideepa 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) Type 2 primarily causes genital herpes, while HSV Type 1 is responsible for oral and facial lesions. The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize HSV from herpetic lesions among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients and to evaluate their acyclovir susceptibility pattern.

Materials and Methods:
Blister fluid and swabs from ulcers were collected from patients with clinical diagnosis of HSV infection among patients attending the HIV clinic of two tertiary care centers – Medical College, Kolkata, and School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata. These samples were cultured in the Vero cell line. Growth of virus was noted by observing the characteristic cytopathic effect of HSV, which was further confirmed by immunofluorescence and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These isolates were then subjected to the Vero cells with serial dilutions of acyclovir for determining the susceptibility pattern.

Results:
Among the 52 samples received, 8 (15.38%) showed growth of HSV. After confirmation by immunofluorescence and PCR, all seven isolates from genital samples were identified as HSV-2 and the lone isolate from oral lesion was confirmed as HSV 1. Out of the eight isolates, 25% showed resistance to acyclovir. The overall isolation rate was more from genital blister than genital ulcer which was 46.15% and 2.86%, respectively.

Conclusion:
HSV was isolated in 15.38% of cases of clinical herpes. There was a higher isolation rate of virus from blister fluid as compared to ulcer scrapings. Acyclovir resistance in 25% of cases is alarmingly high.
Drain fluid creatinine-to-serum creatinine ratio as an initial test to detect urine leakage following cystectomy
Authors: Regmi Subodh Kumar , Bearrick Elizabeth N. , Hannah Peter T. F. , Sathianathen Niranjan , Kalapara Arveen , Konety Badrinath R. 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
Urine leak following radical cystectomy is a known complication. Among the various methods to diagnose this, assessment of drain fluid creatinine is a relatively easy procedure. We aimed to ascertain the validity of the drain fluid creatinine-to-serum creatinine ratio (DCSCR) as an initial indicator of urinary leak in patients undergoing radical cystectomy.

Methods:
We retrospectively identified consecutive patients with documentation of drain fluid creatinine in the postoperative period following cystectomy and urinary diversion at our institution between January 2009 and December 2018. All continent diversions and any patient with a DCSCR >1.5:1 underwent contrast study postoperatively. A diagnosis of urine leak was made following confirmatory imaging. Receiver operative characteristic curves were created, and Youden's index was used to determine the strength and clinical utility of DCSCR as a diagnostic test.

Results:
Two hundred forty-four of the 340 patients included in the study underwent cystectomy with conduit and 81 underwent neobladder creation. Sixteen out of 340 (4.7%) patients had radiologically confirmed urinary leak. DCSCR was elevated in all ureteric anastomotic leaks and in 1 out of the 7 neobladder-urethral anastomotic (NUA) leaks. The sensitivity and specificity of DCSCR to predict all urinary leaks were 68.8% and 80.9% at 1.12 (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.838), whereas at a value of 1.18 (AUC = 0.876) and with the exclusion of NUA leaks, the sensitivity was 77.8% and specificity was 87.6%.

Conclusions:
DCSCR is a good preliminary test for identifying patients who need prompt confirmatory testing for localizing urinary leaks. A drain creatinine level just 18% higher than the serum creatinine level can signify a urine leak. This is different from general assumptions of a higher DCSCR.
Application and comparison of Fuhrman nuclear grading system with the novel tumor grading system for chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and its correlation with disease-specific events
Authors: Sali Akash Pramod , Bahirwade Ganesh K. , Bakshi Ganesh , Prakash Gagan , Joshi Amit , Desai Sangeeta B. , Menon Santosh 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
The grading system of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC) is not well established. In this study, we aimed to compare the application of Fuhrman nuclear grade (FNG) with the novel chromophobe tumor grade (CTG). We also evaluated the correlation of these two grading systems with the clinical outcome.

Materials and Methods:
Consecutive cases of ChRCC diagnosed on nephrectomy during 2005–2014 were identified. The clinical details of the patients were retrieved. Histopathology slides were reviewed and the nuclear grading was assigned using standard FNG and the CTG system. The CTG and FNG gradings were correlated with clinical outcome.

Results:
A total of 80 cases were retrieved. Distribution of FNG was as follows: FNG-1, 1 (1.3%); FNG-2, 23 (28.3%); FNG-3, 44 (55.0%); and FNG-4, 12 (15%). CTG distribution was as follows: CTG-1, 48 (60.0%); CTG-2, 20 (25.0%); and CTG-3 12 (15.0%). Follow-up data was available in 46 cases; the median follow-up was 23.9 months (range 1–96.4 months). The median time to recurrence/metastasis was 17.2 months (range 3.2–31.2 months). Mean disease-free survival (DFS) was 68.5 months. Both CTG (P < 0.001) and FNG (P = 0.001) correlated with DFS; however, only CTG retained this significance when only the nonsarcomatous cases were analyzed. On receiver operating characteristics curve analysis, CTG had higher predictive accuracy for DFS for the entire group, while FNG lost the statistical significance when the nonsarcomatous cases were analyzed. CTG (P = 0.001) but not FNG (P = 0.106) correlated with the disease-specific adverse events in non-sarcomatous cases.

Conclusions:
It is possible to apply CTG in ChRCC. It is a better predictor of DFS and disease-specific adverse events. CTG is more appropriate and applicable than the FNG in grading ChRCC.
Association of Paternal Individual Deprivation Measure with General Anthropometric Data and Dental Caries among 12 to 15 year old school going children, in Tiruvallur District - A cross sectional study
Authors: Sasikala M. , Prabu D. , Manipal Sunayana , Bharathwaj V. V. , Rajmohan M. 
Published: April 2021

Aim:
To determine General anthropometric data and dental caries and their association of paternal Individual Deprivation Measure among 12- to 15-year-old school going children in Tiruvallur District.

Methods and Material:
The Anthropometric data such as Body mass index, Skin fold thickness and mid arm circumference was assessed. The study was also conducted to assess children's paternal deprivation using individual deprivation index (IDM). Paternal deprivation was calculated using Individual deprivation index which comprises of 15 dimensions. Pilot study was done to calculate sample size which is found to be 800.

Results:
Dimension of paternal individual deprivation measure in parent Education, Housing, toileting, family planning, problem in visiting doctor between Government and Private School children was significant with P value of 0.0005. Interpretation of Paternal individual deprivation measure was found to be significant among Government and private school children. There was no association of individual deprivation measure with dental caries, but there was an association of Individual paternal deprivation measure with one of the anthropometric measure was mid arm circumference. In paternal deprivation index 21.8% of the children's parent were not deprived, 45.8% were somewhat deprived, 22.6% were deprived, 7.3% were very deprived, 2.6 were extremely deprived among school children.
Role of mini-invasive bridge plate in the complex femoral fracture in school going children
Authors: Lakhani Amit , Bhatnagar SM , Singh Gobind Pratap , Gupta Nikunj , Sharma Ena 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
Pediatric femoral fracture including supracondylar and subtrochanteric fracture constitutes 1.6% of all paediatric fracture. Elastic nails remain the standard treatment of choice in a midshaft transverse femoral fracture in children weighing less than 45 kg. But in subtrochanteric and spiral femoral fracture, the failure rate of elastic nails are quite high. Hence, in accordance with AAOS guidelines, we treated complex femoral fracture in children with submuscular mini-invasive bridge plate because of its advantage of minimal incision, early union with proper alignment and lower failure.

Material and Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed 30 complex femur fracture in children treated with Submuscular bridge plate by mini-invasive approach. Patients were analysed according to their age, type of fracture, time of union in weeks, complication and results were evaluated with modified Flynn's criteria.

Result:
Out of 30 patients 28 were boys and 2 were females, with an average age of 11.5 years in which Spiral fracture (n = 12), subtrochanteric fracture (n = 9), Complex Shaft fracture (n = 10). All fracture united well on an average of 11 weeks. And 29 patients has excellent results and in 1 patient there is Acceptable result. The single complication was 3 mm limb lengthening but it didn't change gait of the patient.

Conclusion:
Mini invasive bridge plating is an easy and soft tissue preserving procedure for managing complex femoral fracture in children. It has shown promising results in achieving union without any major complication. We strongly recommend the SBP in a complex femoral fracture in children.