bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preimplantation genetic testing for a chr14q32 microdeletion in a family with Kagami-Ogata syndrome and Temple syndrome
Authors: Sabria-Back Joan , Monteagudo-Sánchez Ana , Sánchez-Delgado Marta , Ferguson-Smith Anne C , Gómez Olga , Pertierra Cartada Africa , Tenorio Jair , Nevado Julián , Lapunzina Pablo , Pereda Aguirre Arrate , Giménez Sevilla Carles , Toro Toro Estefanía , Perez de Nanclares Guiomar , Monk David 
Published: February 2021

IntroductionKagami-Ogata syndrome (KOS14) and Temple syndrome (TS14) are two disorders associated with reciprocal alterations within the chr14q32 imprinted domain. Here, we present a work-up strategy for preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) to avoid the transmission of a causative micro-deletion.MethodsWe analysed DNA from the KOS14 index case and parents using methylation-sensitive ligation-mediated probe amplification and methylation pyrosequencing. The extent of the deletion was mapped using SNP arrays. PGT was performed in trophectoderm samples in order to identify unaffected embryos. Samples were amplified using multiple displacement amplification, followed by genome-wide SNP genotyping to determine the at-risk haplotype and next-generation sequencing to determine aneuploidies.ResultsA fully methylated pattern at the normally paternally methylated IG-DMR and MEG3 DMR in the KOS14 proband, accompanied by an unmethylated profile in the TS14 mother was consistent with maternal and paternal transmission of a deletion, respectively. Further analysis revealed a 108 kb deletion in both cases. The inheritance of the deletion on different parental alleles was consistent with the opposing phenotypes. In vitro fertilisation with intracytoplasmatic sperm injection and PGT were used to screen for deletion status and to transfer an unaffected embryo in this couple. A single euploid-unaffected embryo was identified resulting in a healthy baby born.DiscussionWe identify a microdeletion responsible for multigeneration KOS14 and TS14 within a single family where carriers have a 50% risk of transmitting the deletion to their offspring. We show that PGT can successfully be offered to couples with IDs caused by genetic anomalies.
Indirect versus direct effects of freshwater browning on larval fish foraging
Authors: Leech Dina M. , Clift Troy L. , Littlefield Jessica L. , Ravagli Nicholas R. , Spain Jacob E. 
Published: February 2021

Fish foraging and energy flow between trophic levels are predicted to decline with freshwater browning due to decreased light availability. Studies investigating these predictions have focused on juvenile and adult fishes; however, the larval stage represents a “critical period” in development. We investigated the indirect (i.e., prey availability) versus direct (i.e., visual foraging) effects of browning on zooplankton–larval fish interactions by altering water colour with SuperHume (absorbance at 440 nm = 1.6–10.8 m−1). Phytoplankton and zooplankton densities were monitored across treatments for 1 month to simulate the time leading up to fish spawning in the spring. Larval largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were then introduced to assess indirect effects on fish feeding, growth, and survival. Direct effects on largemouth bass and bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) foraging on zooplankton were determined with separate short-term experiments. Browning did not directly alter the ability of larvae to capture prey. However, indirect effects on larval fish foraging, growth, and survival were observed as phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance decreased with increased browning. Our data suggest browning may reduce energy transfer to larval fish due to a reduction in prey but not visual foraging.
Charged rho superconductor in the presence of magnetic field and rotation
Authors: Cao Gaoqing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this work, we mainly explore the possibility of charged rho ($$\rho ^\pm $$

ρ
±

) superconductor in the presence of parallel magnetic field and rotation within three-flavor Nambu–Jona-Lasino model. By following similar schemes as in the previous studies of charged pion ($$\pi ^\pm $$

π
±

) superfluid, the $$\rho ^\pm $$

ρ
±

superconductor is found to be favored for both choices of Schwinger phase in Minkowski and curved spaces. Due to the stability of the internal spin structure, charged rho begins to condensate at a smaller threshold of angular velocity than charged pion for the given large magnetic fields. Even the axial vector meson condensation is checked – the conclusion is that $$\rho ^\pm $$

ρ
±

superconductor is the robust ground state at strong magnetic field and fast rotation, which actually sustains to very large angular velocity.
Impacts of Poynting–Robertson Drag and Dynamical Flattening Parameters on Motion around the Triangular Equilibrium Points of the Photogravitational ER3BP
Authors: Umar Aishetu , Abubakar Hussain Aminu 
Published: February 2021

Using an analytical and numerical study, this paper investigates the equilibrium state of the triangular equilibrium points

L

4
,

5

of the Sun-Earth system in the frame of the elliptic restricted problem of three bodies subject to the radial component of Poynting–Robertson (P–R) drag and radiation pressure factor of the bigger primary as well as dynamical flattening parameters of both primary bodies (i.e., Sun and Earth). The equations of motion are presented in a dimensionless-pulsating coordinate system

ξ
−
η

, and the positions of the triangular equilibrium points are found to depend on the mass ratio

μ

and the perturbing forces involved in the equations of motion. A numerical analysis of the positions and stability of the triangular equilibrium points of the Sun-Earth system shows that the perturbing forces have no significant effect on the positions of the triangular equilibrium points and their stability. Hence, this research work concludes that the motion of an infinitesimal mass near the triangular equilibrium points of the Sun-Earth system remains linearly stable in the presence of the perturbing forces.
ОГЛЯД ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНОГО РИНКУ АНТИАНЕМІЧНИХ ПРЕПАРТІВ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Palamar А. О. , Kliuiko A. A. , Palibroda N. M. , Bogdan N. S. , Tkachuk O. Yu. , Shpychak О. S. 
Published: February 2021

Мета роботи: аналіз вітчизняного фармацевтичного ринку лікарських засобів для лікування анемій з урахуванням усіх форм випуску та виробників.
Матеріали та методи. Вивчення асортименту антианемічних препаратів проведено згідно з Державним реєстром лікарських засобів України та класифікацією АТС з використанням математико-статистичного, системно-аналітичного та порівняльного методів аналізу.
Результати й обговорення. Встановлено, що на фармацевтичному ринку України зареєстровано 76 найменувань антианемічних засобів, з яких 39,47 % складають препарати заліза. За результатами досліджень країн-виробників антианемічних препаратів визначено співвідношення лікарських засобів вітчизняного та закордонного виробництва, яке становить 46 % та 54 %, спостерігається домінування закордонних постачальників. Постачаються антианемічні засоби на український фармацевтичний ринок з 13 країн світу.
Висновки. Аналіз зареєстрованих антианемічних засобів показав, що за складом основну частину асортименту формують монокомпонентні препарати (84,21 %), спостерігається дефіцит комбінованих лікарських засобів, що свідчить про доцільність розширення номенклатури комбінованих засобів з метою оптимізації фармакотерапії пацієнтів з анемією.
ПОРІВНЯЛЬНИЙ АНАЛІЗ АСОРТИМЕНТУ М’ЯКИХ ЛІКАРСЬКИХ ЗАСОБІВ НА ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНОМУ РИНКУ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Hroshovyi T. A. , Blazhko І. V. , Shyrko А. Yu. , Pavliuk B. V. , Chubka M. B. 
Published: February 2021

Мета роботи. Дослідити асортимент ЛЗ у вигляді МЛФ, що зареєстровані на фармацевтичному ринку України станом на 2019 р., та провести порівняльний аналіз зміни асортименту досліджуваних ЛФ впродовж 5 років (станом на 2014 р.).
Матеріали і методи. Використовували офіційні джерела інформації про зареєстровані в Україні ЛЗ у МЛФ та попередні результати маркетингових досліджень. При проведенні дослідження застосовували загальноприйняті методи системного і статистичного аналізу.
Результати й обговорення. Проаналізовано ринок МЛЗ станом на 2019 р. за видом ЛФ, складом ЛЗ, походженням АФІ, країною та фірмою-виробником, а також за напрямком застосування, та встановлено, що в досліджуваному асортименті ЛФ переважають препарати іноземного виробництва (56 %), найбільший відсоток із зареєстрованих МЛФ займають мазі (42,89 %), домінують монокомпонентні ЛЗ (64,63 %) над комбінованими (35,37 %), переважають МЛЗ синтетичного походження (61,99 %). Порівняльний аналіз МЛЗ за період 2014 р. та 2019 р. показав, що асортимент зареєстрованих МЛЗ збільшився з 478 (2014 р.) до 492 (2019 р.) найменувань ЛЗ; частка МЛЗ вітчизняного виробництва становить 44,11 % (2019 р.) і збільшилась на 9,39 % порівняно з 2014 р., тоді як частка МЛЗ іноземного виробництва знизилась від 65,28 % (2014 р.) до 55,89 % (2019 р.); зберігається тенденція домінування мазей, гелів та кремів із незначним зменшенням частки гелів у 2019 р. на 1,96 % порівняно із 2014 р.; співвідношення між МЛЗ за галуззю застосування практично не змінилося – збільшилась частка МЛЗ, що використовуються у дерматовенерології (на 3,32 %) та гінекології (на 1,34 %).
Висновки. За результатами порівняльного аналізу зареєстрованих ЛЗ у МЛФ в 2014 р. та в 2019 р. встановлено динаміку фармацевтичного ринку досліджуваних препаратів. Актуальним залишається питання розширення асортименту вітчизняних МЛФ для застосування у різних галузях медицини.
Translocal Households and Family Visions in Contemporary Vietnam
Authors: Luong Hy V. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In relation to the international academic debate on global neoliberal ideology and its influence on individual subjectivities, this paper examines family visions among the older and younger members of translocal households in contemporary rural Vietnam. Data from a longitudinal study of seven rural Vietnamese communities from 2000 to 2016 suggest that people in rural Vietnam consider the care of the young and the old, including its financial aspects, primarily an individual and family responsibility. They define a good life in terms not only of material and modern comfort, but also of family relations and responsibilities. While neoliberalism constitutes one ideological strand in contemporary Vietnamese policy circles, this paper suggests that it is ahistorical and simplistic to attribute people’s emphasis on individual and family responsibilities in caring for the young and the old to neoliberalism.
Monitoring and Forecasting Kenya’s Fluctuating Hydroclimate
Authors: Jury Mark R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study reviews Kenya’s fluctuating hydroclimate (3°S–4°N, 35°–40°E) and evaluates products that describe its area-averaged daily rainfall during 2008–18, monthly evaporation during 2000–18, and catchment hydrology via gauge, satellite, and model hindcast/forecast. Using the correlation of rainfall as a metric of skill we found daily satellite versus model hindcasts achieved 75%, while model forecasts at 2–6-day lead achieved 55%–58%. The daily satellite versus model soil moisture had a significant correlation (84%), and model runoff versus gauge streamflow reached 61%. A 2-day delay was noted between rainfall and streamflow response in recent flood events; however, long-range predictability was found to be poor (35%). These outcomes were considered at a local workshop, and ways to sustainably improve the real-time reporting of key hydroclimate parameters for operational data assimilation were suggested as steps toward better monitoring and forecast services in Kenya.
Drivers of Atmospheric and Oceanic Surface Temperature Variance: A Frequency Domain Approach
Authors: Martin Paige E. , Arbic Brian K. , Hogg Andrew McC. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOcean–atmosphere coupling modifies the variability of Earth’s climate over a wide range of time scales. However, attribution of the processes that generate this variability remains an outstanding problem. In this article, air–sea coupling is investigated in an eddy-resolving, medium-complexity, idealized ocean–atmosphere model. The model is run in three configurations: fully coupled, partially coupled (where the effect of the ocean geostrophic velocity on the sea surface temperature field is minimal), and atmosphere-only. A surface boundary layer temperature variance budget analysis computed in the frequency domain is shown to be a powerful tool for studying air–sea interactions, as it differentiates the relative contributions to the variability in the temperature field from each process across a range of time scales (from daily to multidecadal). This method compares terms in the ocean and atmosphere across the different model configurations to infer the underlying mechanisms driving temperature variability. Horizontal advection plays a dominant role in driving temperature variance in both the ocean and the atmosphere, particularly at time scales shorter than annual. At longer time scales, the temperature variance is dominated by strong coupling between atmosphere and ocean. Furthermore, the Ekman transport contribution to the ocean’s horizontal advection is found to underlie the low-frequency behavior in the atmosphere. The ocean geostrophic eddy field is an important driver of ocean variability across all frequencies and is reflected in the atmospheric variability in the western boundary current separation region at longer time scales.
The Influence of Antecedent Atmospheric River Conditions on Extratropical Cyclogenesis
Authors: Zhang Zhenhai , Ralph F. Martin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSome extratropical cyclones (ETC) begin their development in close proximity to a preexisting atmospheric river (AR). This study investigates the differences in the cyclogenesis stage between these cyclogenesis events and those that begin without an AR nearby. Well-established ETC and AR detection methods are applied to reanalysis over the North Pacific during the 1979–2009 cool seasons (November–March). Of the 3137 cyclogenesis cases detected, 35% are associated with a nearby AR at the time of initial cyclogenesis. Of all 448 cyclones that deepened explosively in the 24 h after their initiation, 60% began with a preexisting AR nearby. The roles of both dry and diabatic processes that contribute to cyclogenesis are examined, specifically, low-level baroclinicity, upper-level forcing, water vapor inflow, and latent heating. ETCs that develop associated with a preexisting AR receive nearly 80% more water vapor inflow on average, enhancing latent heating and intensifying cyclone deepening in the genesis stage. In contrast, neither low-level baroclinicity nor upper-level potential vorticity exhibit statistically significant differences between cyclogenesis events with and without an AR. Cyclogenesis events associated with an exceptionally strong AR at the ETC initial time deepen even more rapidly in the genesis stage, indicating that the intensity of an antecedent AR can modulate cyclogenesis. About half of the cyclogenesis cases off the U.S. West Coast are associated with ARs at their initial time. These results imply that errors in initial conditions related to ARs can contribute to errors in both AR and ETC predictions, as well as their concomitant impacts.
Gender, Race, Age, Allopathic Degree, Board Score, and Research Experience Among Applicants Matching to General and Orthopedic Surgery Residencies, 2015-2019
Authors: Sutherland Mason , Sanchez Carol , Baroutjian Amanda , Ali Aleeza , McKenney Mark , Elkbuli Adel 
Published: February 2021

Background Surgical fields are historically dominated by male physicians. Increasing the diversity of the physician workforce improves training and patient experiences. We aim to investigate any differences in qualifications and match rates between male and female applicants to general surgery (GS) and orthopedic surgery (OS) residencies in the United States. Methods A retrospective cohort analysis was performed utilizing the Association of American Medical Colleges data regarding Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) applicants and matched Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) residents into GS and OS residencies from 2015 to 2019. Descriptive statistics and independent sample T-tests were performed with significance defined as P < .05. Results 26 568 GS and 7076 OS ERAS applicants matched at a rate of 25.2% and 55.3%, respectively. Men and women matched into GS at rates of 23.0% and 29.2%, respectively. Men and women matched into OS at rates of 55.2% and 56.2%, respectively. Men aged ≥36 years matched into OS at a significantly higher rate than women aged years ≥36 (11.9% vs. 1.4%, P = .009). Female GS ERAS applicants and entering ACGME residents had a higher mean number of research experiences than male GS ERAS applicants (2.66 vs. 2.26, P < .001) and entering male GS ACGME residents (2.96 vs. 2.56, P = .008). Conclusions Male and female GS and OS applicants have similar qualifications. Women match into GS and OS at higher rates than men but comprise disproportionately lower numbers of applicants. Greater mentorship opportunities and recruitment of female applicants are needed to expand, diversify, and increase representation of women in surgery.
Should We Just Let the Machines Do It? The Benefit and Cost of Action Recommendation and Action Implementation Automation
Authors: Tatasciore Monica , Bowden Vanessa K. , Visser Troy A. W. , Loft Shayne 
Published: February 2021

Objective To examine the effects of action recommendation and action implementation automation on performance, workload, situation awareness (SA), detection of automation failure, and return-to-manual performance in a submarine track management task. Background Theory and meta-analytic evidence suggest that with increasing degrees of automation (DOA), operator performance improves and workload decreases, but SA and return-to-manual performance declines. Method Participants monitored the location and heading of contacts in order to classify them, mark their closest point of approach (CPA), and dive when necessary. Participants were assigned either no automation, action recommendation automation, or action implementation automation. An automation failure occurred late in the task, whereby the automation provided incorrect classification advice or implemented incorrect classification actions. Results Compared to no automation, action recommendation automation benefited automated task performance and lowered workload, but cost nonautomated task performance. Action implementation automation resulted in perfect automated task performance (by default) and lowered workload, with no costs to nonautomated task performance, SA, or return-to-manual performance compared to no automation. However, participants provided action implementation automation were less likely to detect the automation failure compared to those provided action recommendations, and made less accurate classifications immediately after the automation failure, compared to those provided no automation. Conclusion Action implementation automation produced the anticipated benefits but also caused poorer automation failure detection. Application While action implementation automation may be effective for some task contexts, system designers should be aware that operators may be less likely to detect automation failures and that performance may suffer until such failures are detected.
Piloting an Interprofessional Narrative-Based Interactive Workshop for End-of-Life Conversations: Implications for Learning and Practice
Authors: Canzona Mollie Rose , Love Deborah , Barrett Rolland , Henley Joanne , Bridges Sara , Koontz Adam , Nelson Sharon 
Published: February 2021

Background Based on the principles of Narrative Medicine, this study explored a narrative-based workshop for multi-level interdisciplinary clinicians who have EOL conversations. Methods Fifty-two clinicians participated in narrative-based interactive workshops. Participants engaged narrative in three forms: viewing narratives, writing/sharing narratives, and co-constructing narratives. Post workshop interviews were conducted and thematically analyzed. Results Five themes characterized how the workshop shaped learning and subsequent care experiences: (1) learning to enter/respond to the patient stories, (2) communicating across professions and disciplines, (3) practicing self-care. Additional themes emphasized (4) barriers to narrative learning and (5) obstacles to applying narrative to practice. Discussion Results highlight the function/utility of narrative forms such as the value of processing emotions via reflective writing, feeling vulnerable while sharing narratives, and appreciating colleagues’ obstacles while observing patient-clinician simulations. Challenges associated with narrative such as writing anxiety and barriers to implementation such as time constraints are detailed to inform future initiatives.
A puzzling marriage? UNESCO and the Madrid Festival of Science (1955)
Authors: Nieto-Galan Agustí 
Published: February 2021

From 17 to 22 October 1955, Madrid hosted the UNESCO Festival of Science. In the early years of the Cold War, in a dictatorial country that had recently been admitted into the international community, the festival aimed to spread science to the public through displays of scientific instruments, public lectures, book exhibitions, science writers professional associations, and debates about the use of different media. In this context, foreign visitors, many of whom came from liberal democracies, seemed comfortable in the capital of a country ruled by a dictatorship that had survived after the defeat of fascism in the Second World War and was struggling to gain foreign recognition after years of isolation. This article analyzes the political role of science popularization in Madrid at that time. It approaches the apparently puzzling marriage between UNESCO’s international agenda for peace and democracy and the interests of the Francoist elites. Shared views of technocratic modernity, the fight against communism, and a diplomacy that served Spanish nationalism, paved the way for the alliance.
Perceived Life Expectancy Predicts Time Investment in Productive Aging Activities: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study
Authors: Luo Hao , Wong Gloria H. Y. , Tang Jennifer Y. M. , Liu Tianyin , Wong Frankie H. C. , Miu Ada C. , Morrow-Howell Nancy , Cheng Sheung-Tak , Lum Terry Y. S. 
Published: February 2021

Objectives: Despite known benefits of productive aging, it is unclear what explains time allocation in productive activities. We investigated whether productive engagement in older people can be explained by their age, health, socioeconomic status, and perceived life expectancy in Hong Kong. Methods: We interviewed 390 community-dwelling older persons for their health and perceived life expectancy, followed by a 7-day ecological momentary assessment to record their activities. Results: A total of 366 participants who completed the study (age 75 ± 8.3 years; 79% women) reported an average perceived life expectancy of nearly 10 years. The majority (59%) engaged in productive activities. Estimates of the structural equation model (RMSEA = 0.046) showed that age and health were associated with productive engagement, mediated by perceived life expectancy. Discussion and Implications: Future efforts in promoting productive aging and related research should include interventions addressing perceived life expectancy, a potentially modifiable factor.