bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Speech aging: Production and perception
Authors: Tucker Benjamin V. , Ford Catherine , Hedges Stephanie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this overview we describe literature on how speech production and speech perception change in healthy or normal aging across the adult lifespan. In the production section we review acoustic characteristics that have been investigated as potentially distinguishing younger and older adults. In the speech perception section studies concerning speaker age estimation and those investigating older listeners' perception are addressed. Our discussion focuses on major themes and other fruitful areas for future research.This article is categorized under:Linguistics > Language in Mind and BrainLinguistics > Linguistic TheoryPsychology > Development and Aging
On the Certificate Revocation Problem in the Maritime Sector
Authors: Bour Guillaume , Bernsmed Karin , Borgaonkar Ravishankar , Meland Per Håkon 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMaritime shipping is currently undergoing rapid digitalization, but with increasing exposure to cyber threats, there is a need to improve the security of the ship communication technology used during operations across international waters, as well as close to local shores and in ports. To this aid, there are ongoing standardization efforts for an international maritime Public Key Infrastructure, but the inherent properties of limited connectivity and bandwidth make certificate revocation a problematic affair compared to traditional Internet systems. The main contribution of this paper is an analysis of certificate revocation techniques based on how they fulfil fundamental maritime requirements and simulated usage over time. Our results identify CRLs (with Delta CRLs) and CRLite as the two most promising candidates. Finally, we outline the pros and cons with these two different solutions.
Understanding Civility
Authors: Bonotti Matteo , Zech Steven T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis chapter introduces the concept of civility and identifies its two main dimensions. The first, politeness, is related to norms of etiquette and good manners. Politeness involves both structural and agential components, and presents two important functional aspects: it can be used to signal respect and consideration for others, and it can help facilitate social cooperation. The second dimension of civility, public-mindedness, involves treating others as free and equal members of society. Civility as public-mindedness presents two sub-dimensions. The first, moral civility, demands that we respect other people’s fundamental rights, liberties, and equal civic standing, for example by avoiding racist and discriminatory speech and behaviour. The second, justificatory civility, requires that we refrain from justifying political rules based on self-interested or sectarian reasons.
Civility as Politeness During COVID-19
Authors: Bonotti Matteo , Zech Steven T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis chapter examines new challenges to the politeness dimension of civility presented by COVID-19. First, the pandemic has made it more difficult for people to identify norms of politeness and behave appropriately in circumstances that were previously less contested and problematic. Furthermore, signalling respect and consideration towards others via polite speech or behaviour is more likely to go awry during COVID-19. Additionally, the lack of clarity surrounding norms of politeness may prevent polite acts from helping to mitigate conflict and facilitate cooperative social exchange. Finally, citizens and politicians can exploit disruptions around politeness norms to engage in behaviour that under normal circumstances would be considered impolite. The chapter also identifies potential solutions that governments, businesses, and citizens can adopt to respond to these challenges.
Non-standard interactions in SMEFT confronted with terrestrial neutrino experiments
Authors: Du Yong , Li Hao-Lin , Tang Jian , Vihonen Sampsa , Yu Jiang-Hao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) provides a systematic and model-independent framework to study neutrino non-standard interactions (NSIs). We study the constraining power of the on-going neutrino oscillation experiments T2K, NOνA, Daya Bay, Double Chooz and RENO in the SMEFT framework. A full consideration of matching is provided between different effective field theories and the renormalization group running at different scales, filling the gap between the low-energy neutrino oscillation experiments and SMEFT at the UV scale. We first illustrate our method with a top- down approach in a simplified scalar leptoquark model, showing more stringent constraints from the neutrino oscillation experiments compared to collider studies. We then provide a bottom-up study on individual dimension-6 SMEFT operators and find NSIs in neutrino experiments already sensitive to new physics at ∼20 TeV when the Wilson coefficients are fixed at unity. We also investigate the correlation among multiple operators at the UV scale and find it could change the constraints on SMEFT operators by several orders of magnitude compared with when only one operator is considered. Furthermore, we find that accelerator and reactor neutrino experiments are sensitive to different SMEFT operators, which highlights the complementarity of the two experiment types.
On p-form gauge theories and their conformal limits
Authors: Bandos Igor , Lechner Kurt , Sorokin Dmitri , Townsend Paul K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Relations between the various formulations of nonlinear p-form electrodynamics with conformal-invariant weak-field and strong-field limits are clarified, with a focus on duality invariant (2n − 1)-form electrodynamics and chiral 2n-form electrodynamics in Minkowski spacetime of dimension D = 4n and D = 4n + 2, respectively. We exhibit a new family of chiral 2-form electrodynamics in D = 6 for which these limits exhaust the possibilities for conformal invariance; the weak-field limit is related by dimensional reduction to the recently discovered ModMax generalisation of Maxwell’s equations. For n > 1 we show that the chiral ‘strong-field’ 2n-form electrodynamics is related by dimensional reduction to a new Sl(2; ℝ)-duality invariant theory of (2n − 1)-form electrodynamics.
Regional specification and complementation with non-neuroectodermal cells in human brain organoids
Authors: Tanaka Yoshiaki , Park In-Hyun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlong with emergence of the organoids, their application in biomedical research has been currently one of the most fascinating themes. For the past few years, scientists have made significant contributions to deriving organoids representing the whole brain and specific brain regions. Coupled with somatic cell reprogramming and CRISPR/Cas9 editing, the organoid technologies were applied for disease modeling and drug screening. The methods to develop organoids further improved for rapid and efficient generation of cerebral organoids. Additionally, refining the methods to develop the regionally specified brain organoids enabled the investigation of development and interaction of the specific brain regions. Recent studies started resolving the issue in the lack of non-neuroectodermal cells in brain organoids, including vascular endothelial cells and microglia, which play fundamental roles in neurodevelopment and are involved in the pathophysiology of acute and chronic neural disorders. In this review, we highlight recent advances of neuronal organoid technologies, focusing on the region-specific brain organoids and complementation with endothelial cells and microglia, and discuss their potential applications to neuronal diseases.
Selbstuntersuchung von Hoden und Brust – eine retrospektive Kohortenstudie an Medizinstudierenden
Authors: Jahnen Matthias , Dichtl Lorenz , Stirenberg Nora , Dinkel Andreas , Schiele Stefan , Schulwitz Helga , Gschwend Jürgen E. , Herkommer Kathleen 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Durch eine regelmäßige Selbstuntersuchung kann ein Malignom der Hoden oder Brust gegebenenfalls frühzeitig erkannt und kurativ behandelt werden. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, das Selbstuntersuchungsverhalten von Medizinstudierenden zu untersuchen und Faktoren, die eine regelmäßige Selbstuntersuchung beeinflussen, zu identifizieren.

Methodik
Medizinstudierende wurden mittels Fragebogen bezüglich ihres Gesundheits- und Sexualverhaltens befragt. 98,8 % der Studierenden nahmen teil (n = 473). Die erhobenen Daten wurden mittels univariater und multivariater logistischer Regression analysiert.

Ergebnisse
Es gaben 64,2 % der männlichen Studierenden (n = 177) an, regelmäßig ihre Hoden zu untersuchen und 72,2 % der weiblichen Studierenden (n = 296) gaben an, regelmäßig ihre Brust abzutasten. Studierende, die nicht mit ihrer/ihrem PartnerIn bzw. mit ihren FreundInnen über ihre Sexualität sprechen, führten seltener eine Selbstuntersuchung durch (p < 0,05). Männliche Studierende, die in den letzten 4 Wochen vor Befragung keinen Geschlechtsverkehr hatten und weibliche Studierende, die im gleichen Zeitraum nicht masturbierten, führten seltener eine Selbstuntersuchung durch (p < 0,05).

Diskussion
Der Anteil an Medizinstudierenden, der eine regelmäßige Selbstuntersuchung durchführt, ist im Vergleich zu weniger medizinisch gebildeten jungen Erwachsenen hoch. Wissen über die Relevanz von Hoden- bzw. Brustkrebs scheint grundlegend für eine regelmäßige Selbstuntersuchung zu sein. Ein belastetes Sexualleben schränkt solch ein Gesundheitsverhalten möglicherweise ein. Eine Verbesserung der Aufklärung über Hodenkrebs und die urologische Anbindung von Jungen/junger Männer bieten daher die Möglichkeit, die Bereitschaft zur Selbstuntersuchung innerhalb dieser Altersgruppe zu steigern.
A sharp interface method using enriched finite elements for elliptic interface problems
Authors: Höllbacher Susanne , Wittum Gabriel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe present an immersed boundary method for the solution of elliptic interface problems with discontinuous coefficients which provides a second-order approximation of the solution. The proposed method can be categorised as an extended or enriched finite element method. In contrast to other extended FEM approaches, the new shape functions get projected in order to satisfy the Kronecker-delta property with respect to the interface. The resulting combination of projection and restriction was already derived in Höllbacher and Wittum (TBA, 2019a) for application to particulate flows. The crucial benefits are the preservation of the symmetry and positive definiteness of the continuous bilinear operator. Besides, no additional stabilisation terms are necessary. Furthermore, since our enrichment can be interpreted as adaptive mesh refinement, the standard integration schemes can be applied on the cut elements. Finally, small cut elements do not impair the condition of the scheme and we propose a simple procedure to ensure good conditioning independent of the location of the interface. The stability and convergence of the solution will be proven and the numerical tests demonstrate optimal order of convergence.
Meningioma MRI radiomics and machine learning: systematic review, quality score assessment, and meta-analysis
Authors: Ugga Lorenzo , Perillo Teresa , Cuocolo Renato , Stanzione Arnaldo , Romeo Valeria , Green Roberta , Cantoni Valeria , Brunetti Arturo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To systematically review and evaluate the methodological quality of studies using radiomics for diagnostic and predictive purposes in patients with intracranial meningioma. To perform a meta-analysis of machine learning studies for the prediction of intracranial meningioma grading from pre-operative brain MRI.

Methods
Articles published from the year 2000 on radiomics and machine learning applications in brain imaging of meningioma patients were included. Their methodological quality was assessed by three readers with the radiomics quality score, using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) to evaluate inter-reader reproducibility. A meta-analysis of machine learning studies for the preoperative evaluation of meningioma grading was performed and their risk of bias was assessed with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool.

Results
In all, 23 studies were included in the systematic review, 8 of which were suitable for the meta-analysis. Total (possible range, −8 to 36) and percentage radiomics quality scores were respectively 6.96 ± 4.86 and 19 ± 13% with a moderate to good inter-reader reproducibility (ICC = 0.75, 95% confidence intervals, 95%CI = 0.54–0.88). The meta-analysis showed an overall AUC of 0.88 (95%CI = 0.84–0.93) with a standard error of 0.02.

Conclusions
Machine learning and radiomics have been proposed for multiple applications in the imaging of meningiomas, with promising results for preoperative lesion grading. However, future studies with adequate standardization and higher methodological quality are required prior to their introduction in clinical practice.
Are psychological symptoms a risk factor for musculoskeletal pain in adolescents?
Authors: Andreucci Alessandro , Campbell Paul , Dunn Kate M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAdolescent musculoskeletal pain is common and is associated with musculoskeletal pain in adulthood. Psychological symptoms, also common in adolescence, have been shown to be associated with musculoskeletal pain, but the current evidence is mixed and may be dependent on effect modifiers. This study investigated whether adolescents with psychological symptoms (internalizing and externalizing constructs) at age 13 years were at higher odds for musculoskeletal pain at age 17 years and whether the associations were modified by pubertal status and sex. A prospective cohort design examined data on 3865 adolescents from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Associations between baseline (aged 13 years) internalizing and externalizing symptoms and musculoskeletal pain at follow-up (aged 17 years) were investigated using logistic regression producing odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). In total 43.1% of adolescents reported musculoskeletal pain at follow-up. Externalizing symptoms at baseline increased the odds of musculoskeletal pain (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.28, 2.20), and internalizing symptoms demonstrated a non-significant increase (OR 1.26, 95% CI 0.98, 1.62). Effect modification analysis showed an increased effect dependent on pubertal status.Conclusion: Adolescents with externalizing symptoms, and to some extent internalizing symptoms, are at increased odds of later musculoskeletal pain. Future research is now required to understand the reasons for these associations.

What is Known:• Current evidence regarding the association between internalizing symptoms and externalizing symptoms and future musculoskeletal pain in adolescents is mixed.

What is New:• This study found that adolescents with externalizing symptoms, and to some extent internalizing symptoms, are at increased odds for musculoskeletal pain, with an increased influence dependent on pubertal status.• These results are of interest for the development of timely preventative interventions designed to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal pain.
Whole-body arginine dimethylation is associated with all-cause mortality in adult renal transplant recipients
Authors: Post Adrian , Bollenbach Alexander , Bakker Stephan J. L. , Tsikas Dimitrios 
Published: March 2021

AbstractArginine residues in proteins can be singly or doubly methylated post-translationally. Proteolysis of arginine-methylated proteins provides monomethyl arginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA). ADMA and SDMA are considered cardiovascular risk factors, with the underlying mechanisms being not yet fully understood. SDMA lacks appreciable metabolism and is almost completely eliminated by the kidney, whereas ADMA is extensively metabolized to dimethylamine (DMA), with a minor ADMA fraction of about 10% being excreted unchanged in the urine. Urinary DMA and ADMA are useful measures of whole-body asymmetric arginine-dimethylation, while urinary SDMA serves as a whole-body measure of symmetric arginine-dimethylation. In renal transplant recipients (RTR), we previously found that higher plasma ADMA concentrations and lower urinary ADMA and SDMA concentrations were associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Yet, in this RTR collective, no data were available for urinary DMA. For the present study, we additionally measured the excretion rate of DMA in 24-h collected urine samples of the RTR and of healthy kidney donors in the cohort, with the aim to quantitate whole-body asymmetric (ADMA, DMA) and symmetric (SDMA) arginine-dimethylation. We found that lower DMA excretion rates were associated with higher all-cause mortality, yet not with cardiovascular mortality. In the healthy donors, kidney donation was associated with considerable decreases in ADMA (by − 39%, P < 0.0001) and SDMA (by − 21%, P < 0.0001) excretion rates, yet there was no significant change in DMA (by − 9%, P = 0.226) excretion rate. Our results suggest that protein-arginine dimethylation is altered in RTR compared to healthy kidney donors and that it is pronouncedly shifted from symmetric to asymmetric arginine-dimethylation, with whole-body protein-arginine dimethylation being almost unaffected.
The effect of intravenous golimumab on health-related quality of life and work productivity in patients with active psoriatic arthritis: results of the Phase 3 GO-VIBRANT trial
Authors: Ogdie Alexis , Walsh Jessica A. , Chakravarty Soumya D. , Peterson Steven , Lo Kim Hung , Kim Lilianne , Li Nan , Hsia Elizabeth C. , Chan Eric K. H. , Kavanaugh Arthur , Husni M. Elaine 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction/objectives
To evaluate changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and productivity following treatment with intravenous (IV) golimumab in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA).

Methods
Patients were randomized to IV golimumab 2 mg/kg (n=241) at Weeks 0, 4, then every 8 weeks (q8w) through Week 52 or placebo (n=239) at Weeks 0, 4, then q8w, with crossover to IV golimumab 2 mg/kg at Weeks 24, 28, then q8w through Week 52. Change from baseline in EuroQol-5 dimension-5 level (EQ-5D-5L) index and visual analog scale (EQ-VAS), daily productivity VAS, and the Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ) was assessed. Relationships between these outcomes and disease activity and patient functional capability were evaluated post hoc.

Results
At Week 8, change from baseline in EQ-5D-5L index (0.14 vs 0.04), EQ-VAS (17.16 vs 3.69), daily productivity VAS (−2.91 vs −0.71), and WLQ productivity loss score (−2.92 vs −0.78) was greater in the golimumab group versus the placebo group, respectively. At Week 52, change from baseline was similar in the golimumab and placebo-crossover groups (EQ-5D-5L index: 0.17 and 0.15; EQ-VAS: 21.61 and 20.84; daily productivity VAS: −2.89 and −3.31; WLQ productivity loss: −4.49 and −3.28, respectively). HRQoL and productivity were generally associated with disease activity and functional capability, with continued association from Week 8 through Week 52.

Conclusion
IV golimumab resulted in early and sustained improvements in HRQoL and productivity from Week 8 through 1 year in patients with PsA. HRQoL and productivity improvements were associated with improvements in disease activity and patient functional capability.

Key Points• In patients with active psoriatic arthritis (PsA), intravenous (IV) golimumab improved health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and productivity as early as 8 weeks and maintained improvement through 1 year• Improvements in HRQoL and productivity outcomes in patients with PsA treated with IV golimumab were associated with improvements in disease activity and patient functional capability outcomes• IV golimumab is an effective treatment option for PsA that can mitigate the negative effects of the disease on HRQoL and productivity
Demand-side decarbonization and electrification: EMF 35 JMIP study
Authors: Sakamoto Shogo , Nagai Yu , Sugiyama Masahiro , Fujimori Shinichiro , Kato Etsushi , Komiyama Ryoichi , Matsuo Yuhji , Oshiro Ken , Silva Herran Diego 
Published: March 2021

AbstractJapan’s long-term strategy submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change emphasizes the importance of improving the electrification rates to reducing GHG emissions. Using the five models participating in Energy Modeling Forum 35 Japan Model Intercomparison project (JMIP), we focused on the demand-side decarbonization and analyzed the final energy composition required to achieve 80% reductions in GHGs by 2050 in Japan. The model results show that the electricity share in final energy use (electrification rate) needs to reach 37–66% in 2050 (26% in 2010) to achieve the emissions reduction of 80%. The electrification rate increases mainly due to switching from fossil fuel end-use technologies (i.e. oil water heater, oil stove and combustion-engine vehicles) to electricity end-use technologies (i.e. heat pump water heater and electric vehicles). The electricity consumption in 2050 other than AIM/Hub ranged between 840 and 1260 TWh (AIM/Hub: 1950TWh), which is comparable to the level seen in the last 10 years (950–1035 TWh). The pace at which electrification rate must be increased is a challenge. The model results suggest to increase the electrification pace to 0.46–1.58%/yr from 2030 to 2050. Neither the past electrification pace (0.30%/year from 1990 to 2010) nor the outlook of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (0.15%/year from 2010 to 2030) is enough to reach the suggested electrification rates in 2050. Therefore, more concrete measures to accelerate dissemination of electricity end-use technologies across all sectors need to be established.
Metamodeling of the Electrical Conditions in Submerged Arc Furnaces
Authors: Sparta Manuel , Varagnolo Damiano , Stråbø Kristian , Halvorsen Svenn Anton , Herland Egil Vålandsmyr , Martens Harald 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Physics-based Finite Element Methods models can be used to investigate the electrical conditions in submerged arc furnaces (SAFs). However, their explicit solution may be very demanding in terms of time and computational resources. This makes these models difficult to employ during control operations and in fast prototyping. To obviate these inconveniences, we developed metamodels that are grounded on the physics-based model. In this context, a metamodel is a surrogate of an original model obtained using statistical analysis tools to determine approximate input–output relationships in a database of simulations from the original model. The metamodels for the SAF electrical conditions are shown to retain the same generalization capabilities as the original model while being computationally lightweight.