bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Population-Specific Genetic Parameters Important for Long-Term Optimum Contribution Selection—Case Study on a Dairy Istrian Sheep Breed
Authors: Kasap Ante , Ramljak Jelena , Špehar Marija 
Published: August 2021

The Istrian sheep breed has been subjected to selection for dairy traits for more than two decades. However, a detailed study of some important population-specific parameters such as effective population size (Ne) and connectedness between flocks has never been carried out. The aim of the study was to examine the above parameters in dairy Istrian sheep subjected to a national selection program. The Ne was estimated as the mean rate of increase in coancestry, and connectedness was determined using four different statistics. The Ne was estimated at 73 animals with pedigree constraints imposed on 4 equivalent generations and 3 full generations. Analysis of ΔNe (“sliding window approach”) revealed a negative ΔNe indicating a progressive loss of genetic variability (ΔNeNEG≥4 = −6.6, p < 0.01; ΔNeNFG≥3 = −4.9, p > 0.05). The overall connectedness (r¯ ~ 0.0001) was below the acceptable level for unbiased ranking of the animals belonging to different flocks (ri,j = 0.05). OCS appears to be the best option for the long-term survival (self-sufficiency) of the breed, but genetic links between flocks need to be strengthened to allow unbiased ranking of the animals based on the estimated breeding values.
Genome-Wide Analysis of Glycoside Hydrolase Family 35 Genes and Their Potential Roles in Cell Wall Development in Medicago truncatula
Authors: Yang Junfeng , Li Qian , Du Wenxuan , Yao Yu , Shen Guoan , Jiang Wenbo , Pang Yongzhen 
Published: August 2021

Plant β-galactosidases (BGAL) function in various cell wall biogeneses and modifications, and they belong to the glycoside hydrolase family. However, the roles of BGAL family members in Medicago truncatula cell wall remodeling remain unclear. In this study, a total of 25 MtBGAL members of the glycoside hydrolase gene family 35 were identified, and they were clustered into nine sub-families. Many cis-acting elements possibly related to MeJA and abscisic acid responses were identified in the promoter region of the MtBGAL genes. Transcript analyses showed that these MtBGAL genes exhibited distinct expression patterns in various tissues and developing stem internodes. Furthermore, a stem-specific expression module associated with cell wall metabolic pathways was identified by weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). In particular, MtBGAL1 and MtBGAL23 within the stem-specific expression module were highly expressed in mature stems. In addition, several genes involved in lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin pathways were co-expressed with MtBGAL1 and MtBGAL23. It was also found that MtBGAL1 and MtBGAL23 were localized to the cell wall at the subcellular level, indicating their roles in the modification of cell wall metabolites in Medicago. As a whole, these results will be useful for further functional characterization and utilization of BGAL genes in cell wall modifications aiming to improve the quality of legume forage crops.
ANÁLISE EPIDEMIOLÓGICA DE CASOS DE HANSENÍASE EM UM MUNICÍPIO DO OESTE DO PARANÁ, NO PERÍODO DE 2013 A 2018
Authors: Kulevicz Murilo Sanches , Almeida Mello Tatiane De Fátima , Caporal Marcelo Rodrigo 
Published: August 2021

Antigamente conhecida como Lepra, a Hanseníase possui como agente etiológico o Micobacterium leprae, sendo caracterizada pela OMS, como uma Doença Tropical Negligenciada. Com base na gravidade da doença e no problema de saúde pública que ela representa, esta pesquisa objetivou analisar o perfil epidemiológico dos casos de hanseníase no município de Cascavel-PR, no período de 2013 a 2018, através de dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação-SINAN. Trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal, de abordagem quantitativa e de natureza descritiva, realizado mediante análise de fichas de notificação do SINAN. Pode-se observar, no período estudado, a predominância de casos no sexo masculino em relação ao sexo feminino. A faixa etária que teve um número maior de casos, prevaleceu entre 35 a >60 anos; a classificação mais significativa foi a multibacilar e a forma clinica mais encontrada a dimorfa, com maior predomínio de casos na periferia do município. Diante das informações obtidas, pode-se concluir, que a realização de trabalhos dessa natureza é fundamental, pois possibilita transmitir conhecimentos fundamentais sobre a hanseníase, em vários aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos, assim, contribuindo para a elaboração e/ou aprimoramento de políticas públicas para melhor assistência à saúde.
The state of lipid exchange, hemostasis, inflammatory reaction and potentials for their correction in indirect revascularization in patients with critical ischemia of lower extremities (a correlation statistical analysis)
Authors: Kosayev J. V. , Khasanov I. A. , Abushov N. S. , Taghi-zade G. T. 
Published: August 2021

Aim:to study the state of lipid metabolism, hemostasis, inflammatory reaction and the potential for their correction after indirect revascularization in patients with distal steno-occlusion of arteries and critical ischemia of lower extremities (critical ILE).Material and methods.Changes in hemostasis and dynamics of its parameters during the complex surgical treatment in 131 patients with critical ILE and distal arterial stenoocclusion were analyzed. To achieve the targeted goals, patients were divided into the following groups: 34 patients had traditional care (control group); 32 patients had intravenous laser blood irradiation in combination with standard therapy (Group I); 32 patients had cytokine therapy with roncoleukin in combination with standard therapy (Group II); 33 patients had intravenous laser blood irradiation combined with cytokine therapy and standard therapy (Group III). Parameters of lipid metabolism were studied in dynamics (total cholesterol, very low density lipoproteins, high density lipoproteins, triglycerides); products of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehydes, conjugates, superoxide dismutase); inflammatory mediators (C-reactive protein, sialic acids, seromucoids, fibrinogen A, circulating immune complexes); hemostatic parameters (fibrinogen, fibrinolytic activity, fibrin degradation products, antithrombin III activity). Hemostatic indices were compared with identical parameters of 48 apparently healthy individuals (reference group).Results.On admission, patients with critical ILE and distal wall occlusion had sharp changes in their lipid metabolism, inflammatory reaction, and hemostasis. Conclusion. The inclusion of intravenous laser blood irradiation and cytokine therapy separately and in combination in a set of therapeutic measures led to the leveling of the studied homeostasis indicators. The best results were obtained in the group where patients had combined perioperative intravenous laser blood irradiation with cytokine therapy in indirect revascularization.
The first experience of tracheal recanalization by tumor resection with Nd-YAG-laser
Authors: Korzheva I. Y. , Chernehovskaya N. E. , Kormnova N. V. , Stepanova V. V. 
Published: August 2021

Actuality. Tracheal cancer is a rare disease which amounts up to 0.2% of the total number of cancers. Currently, there is an increase in the number of patients with impaired tracheal patency. Endoscopic procedures are most commonly used to restore and maintain the tracheal lumen. The key treatment for primary cancer is a surgical one; however, due to late diagnostics, the tumor is often inoperable. Chemotherapy for tracheal cancer is ineffective, and practically is not used. At present, endoscopic tracheal recanalization with laser vaporization is a method of choice in patients with inoperable tracheal tumors.Objective: to improve outcomes in patients with inoperable primary tracheal cancer using Nd-YAG laser either as the fi rst component of staged treatment strategy, or as the fi nal volume treatment.Methods. Patient K., 75 years old, was admitted to the hospital with complaints of dyspnea at rest, weakness and hemoptysis. As anamnesis showed, the patient had noticed a deterioration in her breathing during the last 6 months. CT scan revealed a volumetric formation (tumor) of the cervicothoracic trachea (8.0 cm above the bifurcation) with 90% stenosing in the lumen. When performing tracheobronchoscopy in the cervicothoracic trachea, a broad-based lumpy tumor, 5 cm long, stenosing the tracheal lumen by 2/3 was found on the posterior wall. Morphological examination of biopsy material revealed adenocystic carcinoma.Results. The performed endoscopic examination with neodymium YAG laser recanalization demonstrated the advantage of this technique in patients with inoperable tracheal tumors.Conclusion. Endoscopic recanalization of the trachea with neodymium YAG laser has been proven to be effective in patients with inoperable tracheal cancer. It improves their quality of life as well.
Molecular detection and epidemiology of chicken infectious anaemia virus in India
Authors: Wani M. Y. , Dhama K. , Barathidasan R. , Gowthaman V. , Tiwari R. , Bhatt P. , Mahajan N. K. , Chawak M. M. , Singh S. D. , Kataria J. M. 
Published: August 2021

Chicken infectious anemia (CIA) is an economically important disease affecting poultry, especially young chicks, characterized by poor weight gain, anemia, immunosuppression and production losses. Recent reports indicate that the virus is emerging and re-emerging worldwide. Also, scarce reports regarding the molecular detection and epidemiology of virus from India are available. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the virus in the commercial poultry farms of the country employing polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Out of the suspected 424 field samples tested from 12 different states of the country during the last five years (2007-2012), 311 (73.3%) samples were found positive for CIAV-DNA indicating the wide prevalence of the virus in India. The age wise prevalence of the virus indicated high prevalence in young chicks of up to three weeks (80.3%) of age compared to 3-7 (66.6%) and 7-12 (25%) week age groups. Being an immunosuppressive emerging pathogen circulating among the poultry flocks of the country, suitable prevention and control measures need to be adopted timely. This is a first elaborative report on the molecular epidemiology of CIAV in poultry flocks of the country. Extensive epidemiological studies are suggested to know the magnitude of the virus affecting poultry industry of the country, and design and formulate effective disease prevention and control strategies to reduce economic losses being caused by emerging virus.
Shortest Microlensing Event with a Bound Planet: KMT-2016-BLG-2605
Authors: Ryu Yoon-Hyun , Hwang Kyu-Ha , Gould Andrew , Yee Jennifer C. , Albrow Michael D. , Chung Sun-Ju , Han Cheongho , Jung Youn Kil , Kim Hyoun-Woo , Shin In-Gu , Shvartzvald Yossi , Zang Weicheng , Cha Sang-Mok , Kim Dong-Jin , Kim Seung-Lee , Lee Chung-Uk , Lee Dong-Joo , Lee Yongseok , Park Byeong-Gon , Pogge Richard W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
With a planet–host mass ratio q = 0.012 ± 0.001, KMT-2016-BLG-2605 has the shortest Einstein timescale, t
E = 3.41 ± 0.13 days, of any planetary microlensing event to date. This prompts us to examine the full sample of seven short (t
E < 7 days) planetary events with good q measurements. We find that six have clustered Einstein radii θ
E = 115 ± 20 μas and lens–source relative proper motions μ
rel ≃ 9.5 ± 2.5 mas yr−1. For the seventh, these two quantities could not be measured. These distributions are consistent with a Galactic bulge population of very low mass (VLM) hosts near the hydrogen-burning limit. This conjecture could be verified by imaging at first adaptive optics light on next-generation (30 m) telescopes. Based on a preliminary assessment of the sample, “planetary” companions (i.e., below the deuterium-burning limit) are divided into “genuine planets,” formed in their disks by core accretion, and VLM brown dwarfs, which form like stars. We discuss techniques for expanding the sample, which include taking account of the peculiar “anomaly-dominated” morphology of the KMT-2016-BLG-2605 light curve.
Confirmation of a Second Propeller: A High-inclination Twin of AE Aquarii
Authors: Garnavich Peter , Littlefield Colin , Wagner R. M. , van Roestel Jan , Jaodand Amruta D. , Szkody Paula , Thorstensen John R. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
For decades, AE Aquarii (AE Aqr) has been the only cataclysmic variable star known to contain a magnetic propeller: a persistent outflow whose expulsion from the binary is powered by the spin-down of the rapidly rotating, magnetized white dwarf. In 2020, LAMOST J024048.51+195226.9 (J0240) was identified as a candidate eclipsing AE Aqr object, and we present three epochs of time-series spectroscopy that strongly support this hypothesis. We show that, during the photometric flares noted by Thorstensen, the Balmer and He i emission lines reach velocities of ∼3000 km s−1, well in excess of what is observed in normal cataclysmic variables. This is, however, consistent with the high-velocity emission seen in flares from AE Aqr. Additionally, we confirm beyond doubt that J0240 is a deeply eclipsing system. The flaring continuum, He i and much of the Balmer emission likely originate close to the WD because they disappear during the eclipse that is centered on inferior conjunction of the secondary star. The fraction of the Balmer emission remaining visible during eclipse is likely produced in the extended outflow. Most enticingly of all, this outflow produces a narrow P Cygni absorption component for nearly half of the orbit, and we demonstrate that this scenario closely matches the outflow kinematics predicted by Wynn et al. While an important piece of evidence for the magnetic-propeller hypothesis—a rapid WD spin period—remains elusive, our spectra provide compelling support for the existence of a propeller-driven outflow viewed nearly edge-on, enabling a new means of rigorously testing theories of the propeller phenomenon.
Anomalous Intensities in the Infrared Emission of CH+ Explained by Quantum Nuclear Motion and Electric Dipole Calculations
Authors: Changala P. Bryan , Neufeld David A. , Godard Benjamin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The unusual infrared emission patterns of CH+, recently detected in the planetary nebula NGC 7027, are examined theoretically with high-accuracy rovibrational wavefunctions and ab initio dipole moment curves. The calculated transition dipole moments quantitatively reproduce the observed J-dependent intensity variation, which is ascribed to underlying centrifugal distortion-induced interference effects. We discuss the implications of this anomalous behavior for astrochemical modeling of CH+ production and excitation, and provide a simple expression to estimate the magnitude of this effect for other light diatomic molecules with small dipole derivatives.
Threads, Ribbons, and Rings in the Radio Galaxy IC 4296
Authors: Condon J. J. , Cotton W. D. , White S. V. , Legodi S. , Goedhart S. , McAlpine K. , Ratcliffe S. M. , Camilo F. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The nearby elliptical galaxy IC 4296 has produced a large (510 kpc) low-luminosity radio source with typical FR i core/jet/lobe morphology. The unprecedented combination of brightness sensitivity, dynamic range, and angular resolution of a new 1.28 GHz MeerKAT continuum image reveals striking new morphological features, which we call threads, ribbons, and rings. The threads are faint narrow emission features originating where helical Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities disrupt the main radio jets. The ribbons are smooth regions between the jets and the lobes, and they appear to be relics of jets powered by earlier activity that have since come into pressure equilibrium. Vortex rings in the outer portions of the lobes and their backflows indicate that the straight outer jets and ribbons are inclined by

i
=
60
°
±
5
°

from the line of sight, in agreement with photometric, geometric, and gas-dynamical estimates of inclination angles near the nucleus.
Methods of Error Estimation for Delay Power Spectra in 21 cm Cosmology
Authors: Tan Jianrong , Liu Adrian , Kern Nicholas S. , Abdurashidova Zara , Aguirre James E. , Alexander Paul , Ali Zaki S. , Balfour Yanga , Beardsley Adam P. , Bernardi Gianni , Billings Tashalee S. , Bowman Judd D. , Bradley Richard F. , Bull Philip , Burba Jacob , Carey Steven , Carilli Christopher L. , Cheng Carina , DeBoer David R. , Dexter Matt , de Lera Acedo Eloy , Dillon Joshua S. , Ely John , Ewall-Wice Aaron , Fagnoni Nicolas , Fritz Randall , Furlanetto Steve R. , Gale-Sides Kingsley , Glendenning Brian , Gorthi Deepthi , Greig Bradley , Grobbelaar Jasper , Halday Ziyaad , Hazelton Bryna J. , Hewitt Jacqueline N. , Hickish Jack , Jacobs Daniel C. , Julius Austin , Kerrigan Joshua , Kittiwisit Piyanat , Kohn Saul A. , Kolopanis Matthew , Lanman Adam , La Plante Paul , Lekalake Telalo , MacMahon David , Malan Lourence , Malgas Cresshim , Maree Matthys , Martinot Zachary E. , Matsetela Eunice , Mesinger Andrei , Molewa Mathakane , Morales Miguel F. , Mosiane Tshegofalang , Murray Steven G. , Neben Abraham R. , Nikolic Bojan , Nunhokee Chuneeta D. , Parsons Aaron R. , Patra Nipanjana , Pieterse Samantha , Pober Jonathan C. , Razavi-Ghods Nima , Ringuette Jon , Robnett James , Rosie Kathryn , Sims Peter , Singh Saurabh , Smith Craig , Syce Angelo , Thyagarajan Nithyanandan , Williams Peter K. G. , Zheng Haoxuan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Precise measurements of the 21 cm power spectrum are crucial for understanding the physical processes of hydrogen reionization. Currently, this probe is being pursued by low-frequency radio interferometer arrays. As these experiments come closer to making a first detection of the signal, error estimation will play an increasingly important role in setting robust measurements. Using the delay power spectrum approach, we have produced a critical examination of different ways that one can estimate error bars on the power spectrum. We do this through a synthesis of analytic work, simulations of toy models, and tests on small amounts of real data. We find that, although computed independently, the different error bar methodologies are in good agreement with each other in the noise-dominated regime of the power spectrum. For our preferred methodology, the predicted probability distribution function is consistent with the empirical noise power distributions from both simulated and real data. This diagnosis is mainly in support of the forthcoming HERA upper limit and also is expected to be more generally applicable.
A Deep-learning Approach for Live Anomaly Detection of Extragalactic Transients
Authors: Villar V. Ashley , Cranmer Miles , Berger Edo , Contardo Gabriella , Ho Shirley , Hosseinzadeh Griffin , Lin Joshua Yao-Yu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
There is a shortage of multiwavelength and spectroscopic follow-up capabilities given the number of transient and variable astrophysical events discovered through wide-field optical surveys such as the upcoming Vera C. Rubin Observatory and its associated Legacy Survey of Space and Time. From the haystack of potential science targets, astronomers must allocate scarce resources to study a selection of needles in real time. Here we present a variational recurrent autoencoder neural network to encode simulated Rubin Observatory extragalactic transient events using 1% of the PLAsTiCC data set to train the autoencoder. Our unsupervised method uniquely works with unlabeled, real-time, multivariate, and aperiodic data. We rank 1,129,184 events based on an anomaly score estimated using an isolation forest. We find that our pipeline successfully ranks rarer classes of transients as more anomalous. Using simple cuts in anomaly score and uncertainty, we identify a pure (≈95% pure) sample of rare transients (i.e., transients other than Type Ia, Type II, and Type Ibc supernovae), including superluminous and pair-instability supernovae. Finally, our algorithm is able to identify these transients as anomalous well before peak, enabling real-time follow-up studies in the era of the Rubin Observatory.
An Assessment of the LEISA Spectrometer for Extragalactic Background Light Measurements
Authors: Houlihan Dennis , Symons Teresa , Zemcov Michael 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The extragalactic background light (EBL) is the summed emission from sources beyond the Milky Way. An accurate measurement of the EBL can be used as a benchmark to search for any diffuse components in excess of the integrated light from galaxies. We have studied archival data from the Linear Etalon Imaging Spectral Array (LEISA) aboard the New Horizons spacecraft to assess its capability to measure the near-IR EBL at wavelengths between 1.2 and 2.5 μm. We estimate LEISAs sensitivity to diffuse brightness to be ∼105 nW m−2 sr−1 in 1.5 s exposures, which precludes the possibility of reaching EBL signals at the level of 10 nW m−2 sr−1.
Evidence for a Recent Collision in Saturn’s Irregular Moon Population
Authors: Ashton Edward , Gladman Brett , Beaudoin Matthew 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Using CFHT imaging data, we searched a 1.1 deg2 field on each side of Saturn down to magnitude m

w
≃ 26.3, corresponding to diameters of D ≃ 3 km. We detected 120 objects, which were comoving with Saturn and are nearly certainly irregular moons. For example, all but one of our detections brighter than magnitude 25.5 link to known Saturnian irregulars, with 40 linkages that thus extend the orbital arc of previous discoveries. Extrapolating our sample's characterized detections (those for which we can debias the search) to the entire Saturnian irregular population, we estimate that there are 150 ± 30 moons down to D = 2.8 km, which is approximately three times as many irregular moons as Jupiter down to the same size. At the smallest sizes, from D = 3.8 down to 2.8 km, we find that the Saturnian irregular population exhibits a steep size distribution of the differential power-law index

q
=

4.9

−
0.6

+
0.7

. We believe this steep size distribution is the signature of a relatively recent (few hundred Myr ago) collisional event in Saturn's retrograde irregular population.
A Case for a Small to Negligible Influence of Dust Charging on the Ionization Balance in the Coma of Comet 67P
Authors: Vigren E. , Eriksson A. I. , Johansson F. L. , Marschall R. , Morooka M. , Rubin M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A recent work aided by Rosetta in situ measurements set constraints on the dust-to-gas mass emission ratio and the size distribution of dust escaping the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko near perihelion. Here we use this information along with other observables/parameters as input into an analytical model aimed at estimating the number density of electrons attached to dust particles near the position of Rosetta. These theoretical estimates are compared to in situ measurements of the degree of ionization. The comparison proposes that Rosetta, while near perihelion, was typically not in electron-depleted regions of the inner coma of 67P. Our work suggests a typical level of electron depletion probably below 10% and possibly below 1%. In line with previous studies, we find, again with certain assumptions and other observables/parameters as input, that the observed negative spacecraft charging to a few tens of volts does not significantly impact the detection of charged dust grains, with a possible exception for grains with radii less than ∼10 nm.