bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Arginine Supplementation on Hormonal Levels in Trained Endurance Athletes during Recovery Period
Authors: Koozehchian M , Moosakhani A , Soori R , Zuo L , Shariatzadeh M , Moosakhani F , Kreider R 
Published: June 2021

PurposeTo study the effect of arginine (AR) supplementation during a seven‐day training period on selected hormones in endurance swimmers.Methods20 male swimmers (age=30±5yr) were assigned into either AR (n=10) or placebo (PL) (n=10) groups. Pre‐ and post‐training continuous 1500‐meter swimming tests were performed. Fasting blood samples were obtained at rest, 0, 5, 30, and 60‐min during recovery.ResultsInsulin levels were lower in the AR compared to the PL group at 0‐min [A: 11.86±2.8; P: 18.66±8.3 ng/ml, P=0.033]; however, it increased at 5‐min recovery point [A: 24.9±7.01; P: 8.97±5.4 ng/ml, P=0.000]. The testosterone levels were higher in the AR compared to the PL group at 30‐min [A: 6.03±1.7; P: 3.91±0.7 ng/ml, P=0.003] and 60‐min recovery points [A: 5.57±1.9; P: 3.61±0.97 ng/ml, P=0.013]. The cortisol levels were lower in the AR compared to the PL group at 5‐min [A: 156±9.3; P: 198.4±41.8 ng/ml, P=0.005] and 30‐min recovery points [A: 147.11±34; P: 188.25±45 ng/ml, P=0.027]. Despite some trends in growth hormone levels, no significant increases were observed between groups (P>0.05).ConclusionAR supplementation elevates selected hormonal levels, which may improve recovery in athletes.
Assessing Shape Asymmetry in Human Femora and Humeri
Authors: Tyas Caitlin , Sylvester Adam 
Published: June 2021

Most humans demonstrate a right side bias in upper limb skeletal dimensions, and a similar but smaller dominance in the left lower limb. Although several studies have documented patterns of asymmetry in long bone linear dimensions, relatively little research has been conducted looking at shape asymmetry among the limb bones. The goal of this study was an initial assessment of three‐dimensional shape asymmetries in human humeri and femora. A secondary goal was to determine if areas of shape asymmetry are associated with muscle attachment sites.Computed tomography scans of 17 human femora and humeri pairs were segmented from image stacks to produce three‐dimensional surface models. Left bones were reflected and were surface aligned with paired right bones. Shape variation was quantified as the root mean square (RMS) value of distances between vertices representing the right bone model and the closest point on the surface of the reflected left bone model. Shape differences between models were visualized using colorized distance maps, and common areas of shape variation were compared for association with muscle attachment sites.When RMS values between paired bones were scaled for size (maximum bone length) the difference between the humerus and femur approaches statistical significance (p = 0.06), suggesting a greater average difference between humeri pairs compared to pairs of femora. If bones within pairs were scaled to the same length, the difference becomes less dramatic (p > 0.10) suggesting that the greater asymmetry in the humerus is largely a function of bone length, a result which corroborates findings by other researchers. Distance maps suggest that shape variation is concentrated around the proximal and distal ends of both bones largely in areas of muscle attachments.
Waist Circumference Percentile Values of a Sample of Mexican Children Compared to Mexican American and Spanish References
Authors: Arellano Maria del Rocio , Ferrer Rocio , Caamaño Maria del Carmen 
Published: June 2021

Waist circumference (WC) predicts adiposity and risk of metabolic syndrome in children as well as in adults. Studies demonstrate that age, sex, gender and ethnic background have to be considered to establish reference values (Zimmet,2007; Fernández,2004; Serra,2002)ObjectiveTo obtain percentile values from waist circumference measurements of 2023 Mexican children aged 4 to 11 years and compare them with those of Mexican‐american and Spanish referencesMethodologyprevious informed consent and standardization of anthropometric technique, WC was measured in a sample of 2023 children from 4 to 11 years of age in their school environment in Queretaro, Mexico. Measurements were performed with a Rosscraft Tape to the 0.1cm in the middle point between iliac and costal bones. The average of three measurements was calculated. After a WC frequency analysis by age and sex, 10 to 90th Percentile values were calculated and compared to two different reference population values (NHANES III Mexican American children 2‐18 years old and Enkid reference from Spanish population aged 2 to 25 years), using a kappa test and SPSS,V18.ResultsMexican children WC 10,25,50,75 and 90th percentile values, were obtained by age and sex. WC 90th percentile has been suggested as a cut off value to predict metabolic risk in children. For 10 year old Mexican girls it was above the 80cms cut off point of adult Mexican women. A moderate association (Kappa 0.477 p<0.001) and a weak association (kappa .387 p<0.001) was found with Mexican American and Spanish references respectively.ConclusionWC percentile values correlate better between Mexican and Mexican American children than with the Spanish referenceResearch grant FOMIX‐CONACYT‐QRO2011C02‐175220
Gender Differences in Associations between Foods Away‐From‐Home Consumption and BMI among Chinese Adults
Authors: Du Wenwen , Wang Huijun , Zhang Bing 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesTo explore the different associations between foods away‐from‐home (FAFH) consumption by locations and BMI among Chinese males and females.MethodsA cross‐sectional sample of 7738 non‐pregnant individuals aged 18 to 60 y from China Health and Nutrition Survey was analyzed in the present study. Participants who reported having diagnosed chronic diseases history were excluded. FAFH was defined as foods prepared away from home, including foods from restaurant, school/work unit, and other locations. Percent energy from each FAFH sources and from total FAFH was calculated, respectively. BMI was calculated as weight (kg) divided by squared height (m2). Quantile regression models for BMI were separately performed by genders, exploring varied impacts of FAFH consumption by locations across the quantiles of BMI through controlling covariates.ResultsThe quantile regression estimates for total FAFH consumption were statistically significant across the entire BMI quantiles for males and for females at lower quantiles.imageimageThe results showed higher BMI for more FAFH consumption at restaurant in males and in females at the bottom and upper quantiles. More school/work unit foods consumption was positively related to higher BMI in males, while school/work unit foods illustrated a negative relationship with BMI in females, especially at the top quantiles. FAFH consumption at other locations was only found positively associated with BMI in females (at 75th and 90th quantiles), not in males.ConclusionFurther public health efforts are needed to improve diet quality when eating out according to gender disparities in associations between FAFH consumption and BMI among Chinese adults.
The Relationship Between Vitamin D Deficiency, Anxiety, and Depression
Authors: Alatram Abdulrahman 
Published: June 2021

Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that plays several important physiologic roles. While most vitamin deficiencies are rare in the developed world, vitamin D is the only one that remains prevalent.Newer research on vitamin D has identified possible mechanisms through which it could affect mood.Therefore a correlation of vitamin D deficiency with anxiety and depression among students of the Faculty of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were conducted. The Faculty of Dentistry, Majmaah University is located in Zulfi , a city in Riyadh Province in central Saudi Arabia.Blood samples were collected from 43 male students to check the serum levels of vitamin D. An anxiety scale consisting of 47 statements was used to determine the anxiety. The Beck Depression Inventory was used to record the depression.Analysis of the data indicated that Vitamin D deficiency was very prevalent among the given sample and showed a positive correlation with anxiety. However no positive correlation was seen with depression. Extensive studies should be conducted in different regions of Saudi Arabia to consider if vitamin D can be used for prevention and treatment of anxiety in this region.
German Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) Extract and Its Major Polyphenols Inhibit Intestinal α‐glycosidases in vitro
Authors: Villa‐Rodriguez Jose , Kerimi Asimina , Abranko Laszlo , Williamson Gary 
Published: June 2021

Excessive post‐prandial glucose concentration is associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Polyphenols represent a biologically active class of molecules which have been tested as supporting or alternative therapies for a number of chronic diseases. In this work we assessed the acarbose‐like activity of German chamomile extract (GCE) and related polyphenols on intestinal α‐glycosidases as a therapeutic approach for decreasing postprandial hyperglycemia.Qualitative and quantitative analysis of GCE was performed by HPLC‐ESI‐MS and HPLC‐DAD respectively, where four major polyphenols were identified namely cis‐ and trans‐ferulic acid hexoside, apigenin‐7‐O‐glucoside (A7G) and apigenin. Identification of ferulic acid hexosides was performed by accurate mass Q/TOFMS and their isomeric structures were confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR for the first time. The in vitro inhibition studies revealed that GCE and polyphenols inhibit salivary human α‐amylase (HSA) and maltase in a dose‐dependent manner; however their inhibitory effect was greater on HSA. Apigenin was the most potent inhibitor of HSA with IC50 of 28 µM (p蠄0.05). When polyphenols were tested in combination at concentrations quantified in the extract, an additive effect was observed where A7G had the highest contribution (p蠄0.05). For maltase, A7G exhibited the highest inhibition (33%), nonetheless neither the GCE nor the polyphenols achieved 50% inhibition.The anti‐diabetic effect of German chamomile has been reported in the literature but the underlying mechanism is yet elusive. Our results suggest that this bioactivity could partially be mediated by the inhibition of intestinal glycosidases by the major polyphenols present.
The Characteristics of Young Children According to Dietary Supplement Use in Infancy: Data from the KNHANES IV and V (2009‐2012)
Authors: Kwon Kyungmin , Shim Jae Eun , Paik Hee Young 
Published: June 2021

The interest of dietary supplement intake in early childhood is increasing. However, few studies have been conducted in Korea to examine the influence on health and growth. This study was conducted to assess the sociodemographic characteristics, health and growth outcomes, and dietary intakes of young children according to dietary supplement use in infancy. Data from 1,262 subjects aged 1‐3 years with 24hr diet recall data from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV and V (2009‐2012) were analyzed. We compared the differences of sociodemographic characteristics, health and growth outcomes including diagnosed disease, perceived health state, current health problem, weight‐for‐age, height‐for‐age, and weight‐for‐height, and dietary intakes between supplement users and non‐users. The prevalence of supplement use was 34.4%. The supplement use was significantly higher in older children and children of mothers with lower education level or supplement use. No significant differences between groups were observed in dietary intakes and most of health and growth outcomes, however, children without diagnosed disease or with weight‐for‐age less than 10 percentile used supplement more than the counterparts. Therefore, the early supplement use may be related to age, diagnosed disease, weight‐for‐age, and mother's education level and supplement use. Further studies are needed to assess the influence of dietary supplement on the long term growth and health in Korean children.This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (grant no. 2013R1A1A2057600)
Changes in Heart of Wistar Induced Morphology by Associate Fructose Consumption and Curcuma longa
Authors: Ferron Artur , Francisqueti Fabiane , Betti Isabella , Minatel Igor , Nascimento André , Santos Klinsmann , Corrêa Camila 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of fructose consumption, Curcuma longa(Cu) and the association between them on cardiac morphology.Methods44 male Wistar rats were assigned to receive water + standard diet (group C, n = 12) or standard diet with water + 30% fructose (F group, n = 32) for 15 weeks. After this period, the animals were again divided into standard diet + water (group C, n = 10); Standard diet + F (F group, n = 12); standard diet + F + Cu solution at a concentration of 80 mg / kg by gavage (F + Cu group, n = 9) and standard diet + Cu (exF + Cu group, n = 11) for 9 weeks. After euthanasia, were heavy hearts, left and right ventricles. Comparisons by mony T StudentResultsThe F group had higher heart weight, left ventricular (LV) and right ventricle (RV) compared to C group (F = 1.13 ± 0.06 x C = 1.00 ± 0.09mg), (F = 0.83 ± 0.06 x C = 0.74 ± 0.06mg), (F = 0.20 ± 0.01 x C = 0.18 ± 0.02 mg). There was no statistical difference in results between the F vs F + cu groups. However, the F + Cu group were higher in heart (17%) and LV (11%) compared with C animals, but RV showed no difference. However, the hearts, LV and RV animal F + Cu group were 16%, 17% and 23% heavier compared to exFcu group. The animals of F has the heart (18%), LV (17%) and RV (23%) higher compared to the group exFcuConclusionfructose consumption, as well as its association with Curcuma longa imply cardiac remodeling, represented by the greater weight heart, LV and RV, but this effect can be reversed in the removal of fructose and administration of Curcuma longa to treat.
Does Habitual Fruit Consumption Modulate Microvascular Endothelial Function in Healthy Human Participants?
Authors: Tsiountsioura Melina , Sayegh Marietta , Ray Sumantra 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundPrevious studies have reported inverse association between fruit consumption and cardiovascular risk.AimWe investigated whether increasing habitual fruit consumption improves capillary blood flow and endothelial function in healthy participants.MethodsData were collected from 66 individuals (45.7±9.27y; 23M; 43F). Fruit portion consumption ranging from 0‐8 was measured using 'FACET' validated questionnaires. Microvascular function was measured using controlled Laser Doppler Iontophoresis (Moor LDI), with acetylcholine (Ach) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), delivered to dermal forearm vessels, at 100 µA x 60s.ResultsResults are presented on a log scale in Table 1. No statistically significant differences were observed with increasing fruit portions when compared to a null reference point.

Table 1

Model 1*
Model 2**

Ref coeff (95% CI)
Ref coeff (95% CI)

Fruit portions
1
0.22 (‐0.024 ‐ 0.46)
0.22 (‐0.04 ‐ 0.49)

2
0.20 (‐0.04 ‐ 0.44)
0.21 (‐0.04 ‐ 0.46)

3
0.06 (‐0.17 ‐ 0.30)
0.08 (‐0.17 ‐ 0.32)

4‐8
0.04 (‐0.19 ‐ 0.28)
0.04 (‐0.22 ‐ 0.29)

P trend
0.515
0.450

*Adjusted for BMI, Age, Gender, Income**Adjusted for BMI, Age, Gender, Income and Fruit Juice ConsumptionConclusionThese findings suggest that self‐reported habitual fruit consumption (with and without fruit juice) in line with general recommendations does not significantly modulate an otherwise sensitive vascular biomarker such as LDI. This strengthens the case for controlled fruit intervention studies.
Nutritional factors in the genesis of severe acne
Authors: Tsoy N.О. , Batpenova G.R. , Tsoy O.G. 
Published: June 2021

The study involved 180 respondents aged 15 to 25 years. 90 of them were acne patients and 90 were control group. Calculation of total energy content of daily food ration and actual nutrition was carried out according to methods recommended by the WHO and adjusted for residents of the Republic of Kazakhstan.The first task was to establish statistically significant frequency and extent of imbalance of calories consumed with food, as well as to find out dietary constituents of young people with acne compared with their healthy peers. Correlation analysis was used in case if any nutritional factor showed authentic group differences in frequency and/or extent of imbalance. Correlation analysis enables to establish relationship between this nutrition factor and clinical severity of acne. Revealed authentic strong (rs>0.7) or medium noticeable (0.7 蠅rs>0.5) correlation relationships justified performance of dispersion analysis, which allowed to prove authentic influence of the food factor on genesis of severe acne, as well as to determine extent of the impact (η2). The research proved statistically significant impact of excessive intake of calories; η2 in males (η2m) is 0.43, in females (η2f) ‐ 0.42, carbohydrates (η2m=0.23; η2f=0.35), animal fats (η2m=0.43; η2f=0.50). Deficit of vitamin A and carotene in the daily food ration has significant pathogenic effect on development of severe forms of acne (value of η2 in young men is 0.44 and 0.42 respectively, in girls‐0.46 and 0.31). Lack of vitamin D2 in food ration of young males also significantly potentiates inflammatory process (η2m=0.3). Pathogenic significance of folate deficiency in the diet of acne patients was detected only in males; while the impact is small (η2m=0.19). Deficiency of zinc in the diet induces severe forms of acne (η2m=0.44; η2f=0,34).
Vitamin D and Cognition: Findings from a Mendelian Randomisation Study
Authors: Maddock Jane , Cavadino Alana , Power Chris , Hyppönen Elina , Study Group Vitamin D and Cognition 
Published: June 2021

Hypovitaminosis D has been associated with poor cognitive function, but questions surrounding confounding and reverse causality remain. We used Mendelian randomisation (MR) to estimate the relationship between 25(OH)D, a marker of vitamin D status, and cognition. Since genetic variants are randomly assigned and present from birth, confounding and reverse causality are minimised.We used data from 9 European cohorts (N=43,954). DHCR7 (rs12785878), CYP2R1 (rs12794714) and their combined genetic score provided a proxy for 25(OH)D. Cognitive tests were standardised into global and memory scores. All analyses were stratified by study‐specific 25(OH)D tertiles to assess non‐linearity. Meta‐analyses assessed the observational and genetic associations between 25(OH)D concentrations and cognitive function. Random effects models were used where pheterogeneity<0.05, otherwise fixed effects meta‐analysis was applied. Association of 25(OH)D with global cognition and memory was non‐linear, where both high and low levels were associated with poorer cognition. However neither DHCR7, CYP2R1 nor their combined score were associated with global cognition or memory.While there was no evidence for a causal association between 25(OH)D and cognitive function in genetic analysis, the observational association was non‐linear. Analyses may be underpowered to detect small causal effects operating at the extremes of the distribution.
Cerebellar Malformations in the Tmem67 Ciliopathy Mouse Model are Caused by Combined Wnt and Shh Signalling Systems Dysregulations
Authors: Abdelhamed Zakia , Toomes Carmel , Inglehearn Chris , Johnson Colin 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesThis study focuses on the characterization of the cerebellum in the newly‐described Tmem67tm1(Dgen) knockout ciliopathy mouse model.Methodsvarious molecular, immunohistochemical,primary neuronal cell culture methods and RNA next generation sequencing were used in this study.Results:The Tmem67 mutant cerebellar vermis was hypoplastic with foliation defects. Mutant cerebellar hemispheres had severe foliation defects and malformation of the inferior lobe, concomitant with aberrantly low canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signalling. Shh transcript levels were unaffected, but the levels of Shh signalling pathway modulators such as Ptch1 and Gli1 were significantly reduced. This resulted in reduced proliferation of granule cell precursors (GCP), with exogenous Shh stimulation failing to rescue the GCP defect. RNA sequencing and hierarchical clustering analysis identified a total 28 differentially expressed genes between Tmem67 mutant and wild type control cerebellum. Unexpectedly, a single clustered group of homeobox‐type transcription factors (Hoxa5, Hoxa4, Hoxb5 and Hoxd3) were all significantly up‐regulated in the mutant cerebellum. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed this finding.ConclusionResults suggest that cerebellar hypoplasia phenotype in the Tmem67 model is a combination of Wnt/β‐catenin and Shh signalling defects, causing significant changes to downstream gene expression patterns and cell‐fate specification.
LR‐1 Antibody Staining in Kisspeptin Receptor Knockout Mice Brains Reveals Axonal Diameter Differences in GnRH Neurons Due to Reduced GnRH Protein Levels
Authors: Murphy Kelley , Wu Sheng , Novaira Horacio , Wolfe Andrew , Radovick Sally , Hoffman Gloria 
Published: June 2021

Kisspeptin, through its receptor, GPR54, regulates gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) mRNA. However, the relationship between mRNA and protein is controversial and confounded by the lack of a method for analyzing protein levels from tissue sections. GnRH mRNA is markedly suppressed in GPR54GnRH knockout (KO) mice. We determined whether reduced mRNA dictated less protein expression in the neurons. We examined two features: axon diameter and somal size. We hypothesized that the absence of GPR54 would produce decreased GnRH levels reflected by the thickness of the immunostained axons and the size of the cell bodies. Sections from global and conditional GPR54 KO mice were stained using the ABC immunoperoxidase method and compared to sections from wild type controls. We first learned that the optimum staining conditions for the KO mice grossly overstained the WT. When conditions were adjusted to be in the linear part of the titration curve, obvious differences in protein levels emerged. Axons containing GnRH were imaged at a magnification of 200x, then skeletonized to 1 µm width, enabling calculation of total axon length in the field. The axon area divided by the skeletonized length would then be equivalent to the axon diameter. Axon volume was calculated. For cells, somal width was determined. Our results demonstrate that the GnRH+ axons in GPR54 KO mice are approximately three times thinner than WT axons and somal diameter was proportionately reduced. The results stress the importance of primary antibody titrations.Funded by NIH grants R01HD370246, U01HD66435 and U01HD66432 to SR and GEH