bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Will the large‐scale vaccination succeed in containing the COVID‐19 pandemic and how soon?
Authors: Zhao Shilei , Sha Tong , Wu Chung‐I , Xue Yongbiao , Chen Hua 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundThe availability of vaccines provides a promising solution to contain the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, it remains unclear whether the large‐scale vaccination can succeed in containing the COVID‐19 pandemic and how soon. We developed an epidemiological model named SUVQC (Suceptible‐Unquarantined‐Vaccined‐Quarantined‐Confirmed) to quantitatively analyze and predict the epidemic dynamics of COVID‐19 under vaccination.MethodsIn addition to the impact of non‐pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), our model explicitly parameterizes key factors related to vaccination, including the duration of immunity, vaccine efficacy, and daily vaccination rate etc. The model was applied to the daily reported numbers of confirmed cases of Israel and the USA to explore and predict trends under vaccination based on their current epidemic statuses and intervention measures. We further provided a formula for designing a practical vaccination strategy, which simultaneously considers the effects of the basic reproductive number of COVID‐19, intensity of NPIs, duration of immunological memory after vaccination, vaccine efficacy and daily vaccination rate.ResultsIn Israel, 53.83% of the population is fully vaccinated, and under the current NPI intensity and vaccination scheme, the pandemic is predicted to end between May 14, 2021, and May 16, 2021, assuming immunity persists for 180 days to 365 days. If NPIs are not implemented after March 24, 2021, the pandemic will end later, between July 4, 2021, and August 26, 2021. For the USA, if we assume the current vaccination rate (0.268% per day) and intensity of NPIs, the pandemic will end between January 20, 2022, and October 19, 2024, assuming immunity persists for 180 days to 365 days. However, assuming immunity persists for 180 days and no NPIs are implemented, the pandemic will not end and instead reach an equilibrium state, with a proportion of the population remaining actively infected.ConclusionsOverall, the daily vaccination rate should be decided according to vaccine efficacy and immunity duration to achieve herd immunity. In some situations, vaccination alone cannot stop the pandemic, and NPIs are necessary to supplement vaccination and accelerate the end of the pandemic. Considering that vaccine efficacy and duration of immunity may be reduced for new mutant strains, it is necessary to remain cautiously optimistic about the prospect of ending the pandemic under vaccination.
Problematic Internet use among residential college students during the COVID-19 lockdown: A social network analysis approach
Authors: Xia Yiwei , Fan Yanying , Liu Tzu-Hsuan , Ma Zhihao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsDuring the COVID-19 lockdown, problematic Internet use (PIU) has become a serious issue among residential college students, who remain physically isolated from off-campus society. This study constructs an integrated model to investigate the influencing mechanisms of internal locus of control (LOC) and objective peer effects.MethodsResidential college students (n = 494) were surveyed from a single department of a Chinese university. An item from the World Value Survey was employed to measure internal LOC, while objective peer effects were assessed via friends’ mutual nominations. Finally, PIU was measured using Young’s Internet Addiction Tests, while a social network analysis and logit regression were combined to estimate various factors’ effects on PIU.ResultsIn our sample, the prevalence rate of PIU was 30.6%, and while internal LOC was a protective factor for PIU, its protective role was diluted when exposed to a peer environment with high PIU prevalence. Furthermore, indegree performed contrasting roles on PIU under various network conditions. It acted as a protective factor when exposed to a low prevalence of PIU in a peer environment; however, it became a risk factor when PIU peers were prevalent. Lastly, the protective efficacy of betweenness was activated when individuals had more than one PIU friend.Discussion and conclusionsFurther intervention studies focusing on individuals with a weak internal LOC are recommended during the lockdown. Additionally, interventions that consider the network structures carefully, may enhance the prevention of PIU.
Central California earthquakes of the 1830's
Authors: Louderback George D. 
Published: May 2021

Summary
The information and inferences therefrom concerning central California earthquakes reported as occurring in the 1830's, according to the conclusions reached in the foregoing discussion, may be summarized as follows.
1836—April 25, 5 a.m. A “strong” shock. Monterey. This may possibly be a foreshock of the June 10 earthquake. If so, it must have been felt at points around the Bay of San Francisco, but no reports are available.
1836—June 9, about 4 p.m. Monterey. Described as strong and short by Gomez; strong, and of about a half minute's duration, by Vallejo. It is probably a foreshock of the earthquake of the next morning, but no reports are available from other localities.
1836—June 10, 7:30 a.m. X. East of San Francisco Bay. An earthquake of great intensity comparable with and possibly stronger than that of October 21, 1868. Large fissures were formed and “innumerable” aftershocks occurred, decreasing in violence, but “continuous” for a month. The account stresses the effects along the foothill belt from San Pablo to Mission San Jose, which indicates an origin in the Haywards fault. The fissures were probably, at least in part, fault-trace phenomena. Reported by Gomez in Monterey as of more violence and duration than the shock of June 9. Described by Vallejo as strong, lasting close to a minute in Monterey, causing havoc in Monterey and Santa Clara, and arousing great fear among the people. Intensity apparently at least VII at Monterey and Mission Carmel.
1838—Late in June, just after noon. X. Comparable with the earthquake of April 18, 1906. Originated in the San Andreas fault, and violent fault-trace phenomena described by Charles Brown as observed in the hills behind Palo Alto near the present Searsville Lake: a great fissure which he describes as ten to twelve feet wide and running from near San Francisco to the latitude of of Santa Clara; the ground cracked in all directions; thousands of trees broken off; water thrown from creek bed; adobe walls cracked. Violent at Yerba Buena (San Francisco), walls cracked at Presidio, a sand hill bodily shifted (according to Spear); house shaken down at San Jose (town), and walls badly injured at the San Francisco, Santa Clara, and San Jose missions (Captain Paty); crockery and glassware broken, walls of adobe buildings cracked, inhabitants “frightened out of their wits” in Monterey (Major Warren). Captain Paty reported aftershocks as “frequent since” (his ship left the coast September 19, 1838). The fault rupture may have occurred throughout all or most of the line active in 1906, but north and south beyond the limits indicated by Brown it lay under water or in wild country uninhabited by whites (except at Fort Ross, from which we have no report). The evidence of greater intensity at Monterey than in 1906 may mean that the fault rupture extended farther south in 1838 than in 1906.
On seismic rays and waves*
Authors: Fu C. Y. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
The equations of motion of an elastico-viscous medium in which the material constants vary with position are deduced. These can be put into the form of a wave equation only when the gradients of the constants are small. By the method of Sommerfeld and Runge these equations are compared with the equation of the characteristic function, whence the condition for the validity of the ray method is obtained. It is similar to De Broglie's criterion in wave mechanics. Expressed in terms of measurable quantities in seismology, the condition is applied to the data recently obtained by Gutenberg for the upper layers of the earth's crust. The equation of the characteristic function is used in deriving the forms of the ray paths for several particular velocity functions, following a method previously used by Epstein.
Three Ozark earthquakes*
Authors: Heinrich Ross R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper continues the discussion of the seismicity of the Middle Mississippi Basin. Seismographic and macroseismic data are presented on three Missouri earthquakes: (1) the Little Saline Creek earthquake, January 15, 1945; (2) the Doniphan, Missouri, earthquake, May 15, 1946; and (3) the Little Black River earthquake, December 1, 1947.Many geological studies have established the existence of three major fault zones in the basement; the Mississippi embayment zone, the Shawneetown-Rough Creek zone, and the Ste. Genevieve zone.The earthquake of January 15, 1945, is additional evidence that the Ste. Genevieve fault zone is seismically active. The other two shocks are not directly associated with the major fault zones. They, together with previous similar minor activity, may be associated with a deep-seated fault system near the physiographic margin of the Ozarks or with deep-seated fractures on the southeastern flank of the uplift.
Analysis of Clinical Characteristics, Radiological Predictors, Pathological Features and Perioperative Outcomes Associated With Perinephric Fat Adhesion Degree
Authors: Liu Junqiang , Huang Hongwei , Jiang Yiheng , Liu Dikuan , Zhu Zheng , Chen Jing , Wang Lina , Zong Huafeng , Song Xishuang , Wang Xuejian , Zhu Xinqing , Chen Qiwei , Nahayo Sony , Wang Jianbo , Yang Deyong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: To assess the clinical characteristics, radiological predictors and pathological features of perinephric fat adhesion degree (PFAD) graded based on fixed criteria and to determine the impact of adherent perinephric fat (APF) on retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (RLPN) outcomes. Methods: 84 patients undergoing RLPN were included and graded into 4 groups based on PFAD. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed for clinical characteristics and radiological predictors of PFAD. Perioperative data was compared between APF groups and non-APF groups. Masson staining determined collagen fibers. Immunohistochemistry detected CD45 immune cells and CD34 vessels.Results: 20, 28, 18 and 18 patients were graded as normal perinephric fat (NPF), mild adherent perinephric fat (MiPF), moderate adherent perinephric fat (MoPF) and severe adherent perinephric fat (SPF), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that gender (p<0.001), age (p=0.003) and hypertension (p=0.006) were significant clinical risk factors of PFAD, while radiological predictors included perinephric stranding (p=0.001), posterior perinephric fat thickness (p=0.009) and perinephric fat density (p=0.02). APF was associated with drain output (P = 0.012) and accompanied by immune cells gathering in renal cortex near thickened renal capsule with many vessels.Conclusions: Clinical characteristics and radiological predictors can evaluate PFAD and may assist guide preoperative surgical option. Pathological features of APF reflect decapsulation and bleeding during kidney mobilization at RLPN.
Sleep Quality, Cancer-Related Fatigue, and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Omanis Hospitalized Patients with Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Authors: Al-Habsi Zamzam , Al-Noumani Huda , Hashmi Iman Al 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to examine the difference in HRQoL by participants’ characteristics and to investigate the determinants of health-related quality of life HRQoL among Omani hospitalized patients with cancer.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in two oncology centers in Oman. Omani hospitalized patients with breast, thyroid, colorectal, stomach, and prostate cancer were recruited using convenience sampling. Participants completed Arabic versions of self-reported questionnaires: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Brief Fatigue Inventory scales and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. T-test, ANOVA and multiple linear regression analysis was utilized to determine predictors of HRQOL.Results: in total, 275 participants were recruited (Meanage= 52 years). About 64 % of the participates reported poor sleep and 18.5% reported severe cancer-related fatigue. Sleep quality, cancer-related fatigue, age, and prostate and thyroid cancer were significant predictors of HRQoL (F (5, 269) = 26.26, p < 0.000) and they explained 33% of the variances in the HRQoL (R2 = .328).Conclusions: This study highlights the impact of sleep quality and caner-related fatigue on the HRQOL among Omanis hospitalized with cancer. Thus, sleep quality and cancer-related fatigue should be assessed routinely during hospitalization of oncology patients with special attention patients’ age.
p53 is Functionally Inhibited in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (Ccrcc): A Mechanistic and Correlative Investigation into Genetic and Molecular Characteristics.
Authors: Diesing Karoline , Ribback Silvia , Winter Stefan , Gellert Manuela , Oster Antonia M. , Stühler Viktoria , Gläser Eva , Adler Frank , Hartwig Christoph , Scharpf Marcus , Bedke Jens , Burchardt Martin , Schwab Matthias , Lillig Christopher , Kroeger Nils 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Although p53 is rarely mutated in ccRCC, its overexpression has been linked to poor prognosis. The current study sought to elucidate the unique role of p53 in ccRCC with genomic, proteomic, and functional analyses.
Materials and Methods

Data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were evaluated for genomic and proteomic characteristics of p53; a tissue micro array (TMA) study was carried out to evaluate the association of p53 and phosphorylated p53 (pp53) with clinical outcome. Mechanistic in vitro experiments were performed to confirm a pro-apoptotic loss of p53 in ccRCC and p53 isoforms as well as posttranslational modifications of p53 where assessed to provide possible reasons for a functional inhibition of p53 in ccRCC.
Results

A low somatic mutation rate of p53 could be confirmed. Although mRNA levels were correlated with poor prognosis and clinicopathological features, there was no monotonous association of mRNA levels with survival outcome. Higher p53 protein levels could be confirmed as poor prognostic features. In vitro, irradiation of ccRCC cell lines markedly induced levels of p53 and of activated (phosphorylated) p53. However, irradiated ccRCC cells demonstrated similar proliferation, migration, and p53 transcriptional activity like non-irradiated controls indicating a functional inhibition of p53. p53 isoforms and could not be correlated with clinical outcome of ccRCC patients.
Conclusions

p53 is rarely mutated but the wildtype p53 is functionally inhibited in ccRCC. To investigate mechanisms that underly functional inhibition of p53 may provide attractive therapeutic targets in ccRCC.
An assessment of the thermal impact on the valve torque on cryogenically sub-zero temperatures
Authors: Kumar Anil , Abhijit Mane 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A common challenge faced by valve designers for cryogenics is the prediction, evaluation, and conclusion of the most optimum design of the valve hand-wheel due to the enhanced torque required for the valve to operate at sub-zero temperatures. The research efforts are directed towards technical assessment to establish a correlation between the thermal variations and torque values for the valve. The research envisioned an experimental study conducted on Liquid Nitrogen (LIN) Media on an isolation type globe valve of the size of Diameter nominal 15mm on variable pressure value from 1 MPa to 3 MPa with temperature inception from -150 ºC (123 K) to -200 ºC (73 K). The experiment is modeled using the design of experiments methodology subsequently compared with the engineering design analytical methodology to correlate the two methods .
3D Simulation and Optimization of Characteristics of Al0.1Ga0.9N/In0.2Ga0.8N High Electron Mobility Transistor with B0.03Ga0.97N Back-Barrier Layer
Authors: Bechlaghem Fatima Zahra , Hamdoune Abedelkader 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to simulate the effect of a BGaN back-barrier on performances of a high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) based on AlGaN/InGaN, by using TCAD 3D Silvaco simulator. We simulate some DC and AC characteristics; we note that with only 60 nm BGaN back-barrier layer and 3% of boron in BGaN, HEMT shows improvement of 33.34% in the maximum drain current, 64.7 % in the transconductance, 19% in the threshold voltage, 50% the drain-induced barrier lowering, 34.67% in the subthreshold swing, 20% in the breakdown voltage, 10.18% in the cut-off frequency, 12% in the maximum oscillation frequency, and record high ION/IOFF of over 1012.9.
An open-label, randomized, single intravenous dosing study to investigate the effect of fixed dose combinations of tenofovir/lamivudine or atazanavir/ritonavir on the pharmacokinetics of remdesivir in Ugandan healthy volunteers (RemTLAR)
Authors: Walimbwa Stephen Ian , Kaboggoza Julian Paul , Waitt Catriona , Byakika-Kibwika Pauline , D'Avolio Antonio , Lamorde Mohammed 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Remdesivir is a novel broad-spectrum antiviral therapeutic with activity against several viruses that cause emerging infectious diseases. The purpose of this study is to explore how commonly utilized antiretroviral therapy (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate /lamivudine [TDF/3TC] and atazanavir/ritonavir [ATV/r]) influence plasma and intracellular concentrations of remdesivir. Methods: This is an open label, randomized, fixed sequence single intravenous dosing study to assess pharmacokinetic interactions between remdesivir and TDF/3TC (Study A, Crossover design) or TDF/3TC plus ATV/r (Study B). Healthy volunteers satisfying study entry criteria will be enrolled in the study and randomized to either Study A; N=16 (Sequence 1 or Sequence 2) or Study B; N=8. Participants will receive standard adult doses of antiretroviral therapy for seven days and a single 200mg remdesivir infusion administered over 60 minutes. Pharmacokinetic blood sampling will be performed relative to start of remdesivir infusion; predose (before start of remdesivir infusion) and 30 minutes after start of remdesivir infusion. Additional blood samples will be taken at 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours after end of remdesivir infusion. Discussion: This study will characterize the pharmacokinetics of remdesivir from a typical African population in whom clinical use is anticipated. Furthermore, this study will deliver pharmacokinetic datasets for remdesivir drug concentrations and demographic characteristics which could support pharmacometric approaches for simulation of remdesivir treatment regimens in patients concurrently using tenofovir/lamivudine and/or atazanavir/ritonavir. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, ID:NCT04385719
Discovery of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets For Vascular Injury Induced By Methylglyoxal Using Proteomics
Authors: Xie Ming-Zhang , Liu Yan-Ting , Zhang Min , Zhao Meng-Meng , Sun Ke-Tao , Zhang Yu-Chao , Zhang Yu-Jing , Zhou Xiao-Chun , Wang Lei , Bo De-Ying , Wang Shi-Yan , Zhao Guo-An , Liu Yan-Xuan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Methylglyoxal, a byproduct of diabetes or the consumption of a high-carbohydrate diet, is associated with vascular injury; however, its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We aimed to systematically characterize molecular profiles and offer unique insights into new disease pathways, thereby contributing to understanding the mechanisms and pathogenesis of vascular injury-related cardiovascular diseases. Methods: Cell survival assays were performed to assess DNA damage; oxidative stress was confirmed by colorimetric assays and quantitative fluorescence, and cyclooxygenase-2 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways were assessed using ELISA. Differentially expressed proteins were quantitated via TMT-based LC-MS/MS and bioinformatics analysis, and confirmed by parallel reaction monitoring. Results: Vascular injury was assessed through colorimetric assays, quantitative fluorescence, ELISA, and survival assays. Of the 4029 proteins identified, 368 were differentially expressed after methylglyoxal treatment, compared with the negative control; 31 were defined as biomarkers or therapeutic targets according to the Gene Ontology Program, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and protein-protein interaction network analyses. Sixteen proteins were significantly (p<0.05) upregulated (>1.5-fold change) and 15 were dramatically downregulated (<0.667-fold change) and confirmed through parallel reaction monitoring.Conclusions: The 31 proteins identified as biomarkers or therapeutic targets may contribute to vascular dysfunction through DNA damage, oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, vascular remodeling, and the coagulation cascade. Additionally, new disease pathways involving the Wnt, ErBb, and BMP signaling pathways were identified; all provide scope as potential underlying molecular mechanisms. Therefore, the 31 proteins identified warrant further development as new therapeutic or diagnostic targets for vascular diseases.
Ecological Risk Assessment of Trace Elements Accumulated in Stormwater Ponds within Industrial Areas
Authors: Waara Sylvia , Johansson Frida 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Stormwater ponds can provide flood protection and efficiently treat stormwater using sedimentation. As the ponds also host aquatic biota and attract wildlife there is a growing concern that the sediment bound pollutants negatively affect aquatic organisms and the surrounding ecosystem. In this study we used three methods to assess the accumulation and the potential ecological risk of 13 different heavy metals and metalloids (e.g. trace elements) including both elements that are frequently monitored and some which are rarely monitored in sediment from 5 stormwater ponds located within catchments with predominately industrial activities. Ecological risk for organisms in the older ponds was observed for both commonly- (e.g. Cd, Cu, Zn) and seldom- (e.g. Ag, Sb) monitored trace elements. The 3 methods ranked the degree of contamination similarly. We show that methods usually used for sediment quality assessment in aquatic ecosystems can also be used for screening the potential risk of other trace elements in stormwater ponds and may consequently be useful in stormwater monitoring and management. Our study also highlights the importance of establishing background conditions when conducting ecological risk assessment of sediment in stormwater ponds.