bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do people have control over the decisions they make? Psychometric properties of the Italian version of the free will and scientific determinism questionnaire (FAD-plus-I)
Authors: Fino Emanuele , Iliceto Paolo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe FAD-Plus is a multidimensional measure of lay Beliefs in Free Will, Fatalistic Determinism, Scientific Determinism, and Unpredictability. This study had four aims: First, to test the factor structure of the Italian translation of the FAD-Plus in a sample of adults from the community, using structural equation modeling. Second, to test the reliability of the four scales. Third, to investigate gender invariance in item thresholds and factor loadings. Fourth, to analyze the criterion-related validity of the measure. Participants were 328 adults from the community, specifically 173 females and 155 males aged 18–56 years. Results showed that the proposed bifactor model tested by means of exploratory structural equation modeling fitted the data well (CFI = 1.000, RMSEA = 0.000, SRMR = 0.045), and that all the scales were reliable (Omega = .91–.98). Gender invariance was established, with no significant differences in fit indices between females and males. Beliefs in Free Will correlated positively and lowly to moderately with Aggressiveness (rs = .12), Extraversion (.25), Self- (.40) and Other-Representations of adult attachment (.43). Beliefs in Fatalistic Determinism correlated positively and lowly with Other-Representations (rs = .11), whereas its correlations with Aggressiveness, Extraversion, and Neuroticism were close to zero. In conclusion, these findings provide researchers and practitioners with evidence on a reliable and valid measure of Beliefs in free will and determinism in the Italian context, considered as predictors of individuals’ autonomy, effective coping, and prosocial behavior, of foremost importance for prevention and intervention in the community, particularly in occupational, legal, and clinical settings.
Performance of cork-based thermal protection material P50 exposed to air plasma
Authors: Sakraker Isil , Chazot Olivier , Carvalho Joao Paulo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCork P50 thermal protection material was characterized under the Earth atmospheric entry conditions in the framework of the in-flight experiment QARMAN. A total of 25 P50 samples were exposed to air plasma ranging the chamber static pressure values of 1500, 4100, 6180, and 20,000 Pa and heat fluxes between 280 and 3250 kW/m$$^2$$

2

. The sample radius was also varied between 11 and 25 mm radius to investigate the effects of the stagnation line velocity gradient. The experimental results on heat flux, pressure, surface and in-depth temperatures, surface emissivity, swelling and recession rates, and computed boundary layer profiles as well as the mass blowing rates are presented. A material characterization data suite is also provided including thermogravimetric analysis, specific heat, and thermal conductivity. Overall, a wide range of experimental data of Cork P50 material in Earth atmospheric entry conditions is made available to modelers and engineers for improved material response models and heat shield design consolidation.
One size doesn’t fit all: regional differences in priorities for food system transformation
Authors: Dengerink Just , Dirks Florentine , Likoko Eunice , Guijt Joost 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe growing attention for food systems in policy debates has highlighted the systemic linkages between desired food system outcomes. There is an increased recognition that systemic changes are required to improve access to healthy, sustainable diets. While there is abundant academic analysis on the global need for food system transformation, regional differences in food system transformation priorities have received limited scholarly attention. This article aims to address this gap by analysing the results of a regional consultation study about respondents’ perceptions of the needs and modalities for food systems transformation. Data collection consisted of an online survey among 621 agri-food professionals and in-depth interviews among 33 food system experts from different regions across the world. The study shows how different stakeholders across the world prioritise food system drivers, food system challenges and food system transformation strategies. Region, organisational background, countries’ level of food system transformation, political and socio-economic structure are critical factors in determining such priorities. The study highlights relevant food system differences and priorities between food system actors. These differences have important policy implications for the agendas of stakeholders in their regional priorities in food systems transformation. While there is much agreement across regions on the key drivers of different food system challenges, which food system challenge is considered most urgent and which food system transformation strategy deserves most priority, differs greatly between regions. This article shows the importance of including regional and local perspectives in policy debates on the directions food system transformations should take and the need to identify such differences methodically.
Cellulose Nanofibers as Functional Biomaterial from Pineapple Stubbles via TEMPO Oxidation and Mechanical Process
Authors: Araya-Chavarría Kenly , Rojas Ruth , Ramírez-Amador Karla , Sulbarán-Rangel Belkis , Rojas Orlando , Esquivel-Alfaro Marianelly 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe pineapple fruit when harvested generates a large amount of residual biomass; this biomass can be used to generate value-added products such as cellulose nanofibers. This study was focused on the isolation of CNF from pineapple leaves after oxidation pretreatment with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpireridine-1-oxyl, followed by mechanical deconstruction of the fibers via combination of grinding and microfluidization process. One and two microfluidization passes were applied to bleached and unbleached fibers, respectively. The implications of these findings are that during the production process it is possible to reduce the amount of chemicals needed for bleaching and the energy involved in the mechanical microfluidization process. Such process yielded corresponding fibril lengths and widths in the range of 481–746 nm and 16–48 nm. The respective electrostatic charges, as measured by zeta potentials, were −41 mV and −31 mV. As expected, the CNF crystallinity was higher than that of the starting material, especially for the cellulose. However, the thermal stability was reduced, showing two degradative processes due to the chemical modification of the fibers. The CNF produced from pineapple leaves has a potential to be used like biomaterial in diverse applications while representing a viable alternative to producers, which face serious environmental and health challenges given the large volume of biomass that is otherwise left in the fields as waste.
Graphic Abstract
Successful approach to mitigate the asphaltenes precipitation problems in ESP oil wells
Authors: Abdelazim Abotaleb , Abu El Ela Mahmoud , El-Banbi Ahmed , Sayyouh Helmy 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study introduces a comprehensive and cost-effective approach to diagnose and treat the asphaltenes precipitation problems in different downhole conditions. The proposed approach has been successfully applied in two oil wells (Well-I, and Well-II) located in the Western Desert of Egypt. The two wells produce oil of moderate to high oil gravity with low asphaltenes content using Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESP). In such operating conditions, solid deposits caused blockage at the pump intake and within the pumping stages in the two wells. This blockage led to a sharp decrease in oil production rate and a significant increase in the operating cost. The existing failure analysis procedure was not able to accurately identify the reasons for the blockage; accordingly, the treatment operations were unsuccessful. On the contrary, applying the proposed approach accurately (1) identified the type of the solid deposits, (2) solved the problem using proper treatment option with minimum cost, and (3) improved the oil production rate. The laboratory tests of the fluid and solid deposits showed that (1) the asphaltenes were unstable in the crude oil and acted as a glue for other minerals, and (2) the blockage was successfully diagnosed to confirm that the two wells had asphaltenes precipitation problem. The laboratory tests were extended to select optimum asphaltene dispersant for wells treatments. The field application results showed a significant increase in the oil production rate from 700 to 1600 STB/D in Well-I and from 470 to 1500 STB/D in Well-II. Moreover, the operating cost decreased considerably from 2.01 to 0.43 $/STB in Well-I, and from 4.37 to 0.52 $/STB in Well-II after applying the proposed approach.
Aliens in the Space of Reasons? On the Interaction Between Humans and Artificial Intelligent Agents
Authors: Heinrichs Bert , Knell Sebastian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we use some elements of the philosophical theories of Wilfrid Sellars and Robert Brandom for examining the interactions between humans and machines. In particular, we adopt the concept of the space of reasons for analyzing the status of artificial intelligent agents (AIAs). One could argue that AIAs, like the widely used recommendation systems, have already entered the space of reasons, since they seem to make knowledge claims that we use as premises for further claims. This, in turn, can lead to a sense of alienation because AIAs do not quite play by the rules of the space of the reason. We, therefore, ask somewhat pointedly whether aliens have entered the space of reasons. A closer look reveals that it is a misconception to consider AIAs as being (already) in the space of reasons. In fact, they should be seen as very sophisticated tools. Since these tools affect our own acting in the space of reasons, special regulations are required for their proper use.
Moral Injury in Former Child Soldiers in Liberia
Authors: Wong Pui-Hang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMoral injury (MI) is a form of traumatic stress induced by perpetrating actions that transgress a person’s beliefs and values. Existing research on MI has been mostly confined to military veterans, however there is reason to believe that the risk of MI among child soldiers is higher due to their age and history of abduction. This study examined the risk of MI in former child soldiers in Liberia and tested whether age and history of abduction moderate the relationship between perpetrating violence and MI based on a sample of 459 former child soldiers. Results from regression analysis confirmed that perpetrators had a higher risk of MI. However, while younger perpetrators were more vulnerable to MI, abduction history had no statistically significant moderation effect on the risk of MI. Further analysis also revealed that the moderation effects are primarily on anxiety, avoidance and negative feelings but not re-experiencing. These findings suggest that new tests and treatment models may be required for future disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation and reintegration (DDRR) policy.
Operationalizing the Benefit of Information Radiators from an Awareness Point of View
Authors: Lippert Stefan , Koch Michael 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we present a grounded theory research for the benefit information radiators provided using the concept of awareness. Information radiators are ubiquitous installations that disseminate information that is likely to improve awareness in semi-public environments. We discuss potential awareness benefits of information radiators and how these can be provided. Furthermore, we examine how to address several awareness facets that correlate with the benefits to contribute to this goal. The results aim to close the research gap about the benefit of information radiators considered from an awareness point of view.
„Das könnte ich nicht“ – Abjekte in der Hospiz- und Palliativversorgung
Authors: Kurkowski Sandra , Heckel Maria 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungSterben und Tod können als Abjekte wirksam werden und negative Auswirkungen wie Ablehnung und Ausgrenzung auf personaler und sozialer Ebene sowohl für schwerkranke und sterbende Menschen als auch ihre Zugehörigen haben. Doch sind auch Personen, die in der Hospiz- und Palliativversorgung tätig sind, von diesen Mechanismen betroffen. Im vorliegenden Artikel wird skizziert, wie der Umgang mit Abjekten zum Alltag der pflegerischen Versorgung gehört und dabei insbesondere am Lebensende die Patient:innen, ihre Familien und die Versorgenden herausfordert. Im Anschluss werden theoretische Konzepte der Hospiz- und Palliativversorgung vorgestellt, die sowohl auf Ebene der einzelnen Person und der Familie (Total-pain-Modell) als auch der gesellschaftlichen Ebene („compassionate community“) ansetzen und das transgressive Potenzial des Abjekten verringern sowie zu einem gelasseneren und weniger ausgrenzenden Umgang mit Sterben und Tod führen können. Insgesamt gibt der Artikel damit auch eine Antwort auf die Frage nach Bearbeitungsstrategien der negativen Folgen von Abjektion (Exklusion, Stigmatisierung), indem er auf die professionellen Haltungen in der Hospiz- und Palliativversorgung und deren Generalisierbarkeit verweist.
Cavity-dwelling microorganisms from the Ediacaran and Cambrian of North Greenland (Laurentia)
Authors: Peel John S. , Willman Sebastian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecords of diagenetically mineralized, filamentous, cavity-dwelling microorganisms extend back to strata from the early Paleoproterozoic (2400 Ma). In North Greenland (Laurentia), they are first known from the Ediacaran (Neoproterozoic; ca. 600 Ma) Portfjeld Formation of southern Peary Land, in association with a biota similar to that of the Doushantuo Formation of China. The Portfjeld Formation cavity dwellers are compared with more widespread occurrences in Cambrian (Series 2, Stage 4, Miaolingian Series) strata from the same region in which assemblages in postmortal shelter structures within articulated acrotretoid brachiopods and other invertebrates are common. All specimens were recovered by digestion of carbonate samples in weak acids. The described fossils are preserved as mineral encrusted threads but this diagenetic phosphatization unfortunately obscures their biological identity.
Associations between cortical thickness and anxious/depressive symptoms differ by the quality of early care
Authors: Korom Marta , Tottenham Nim , Valadez Emilio A. , Dozier Mary 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA variety of childhood experiences can lead to anxious/depressed (A/D) symptoms. The aim of the present study was to explore the brain morphological (cortical thickness and surface area) correlates of A/D symptoms and the extent to which these phenotypes vary depending on the quality of the parenting context in which children develop. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were acquired on 45 children with Child Protective Services (CPS) involvement due to risk of not receiving adequate care (high-risk group) and 25 children without CPS involvement (low-risk group) (rangeage = 8.08–12.14; Mage = 10.05) to assess cortical thickness (CT) and cortical surface area (SA). A/D symptoms were measured using the Child Behavioral Checklist. The association between A/D symptoms and CT, but not SA, differed by risk status such that high-risk children showed decreasing CT as A/D scores increased, whereas low-risk children showed increasing CT as A/D scores increased. This interaction was specific to CT in prefrontal, frontal, temporal, and parietal cortical regions. The groups had marginally different A/D scores, in the direction of higher risk being associated with lower A/D scores. Results suggest that CT correlates of A/D symptoms are differentially shaped by the quality of early caregiving experiences and should be distinguished between high- and low-risk children.
Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Mica
Authors: Cappelli Chiara , Pérez-Huerta Alberto , Alam Sardar B , Prozorov Tanya 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLaser-assisted atom probe tomography (APT) is a relatively new, powerful technique for sub-nanometric mineral and biomineral analysis. However, the laser-assisted APT analysis of highly anisotropic and chemically diverse minerals, such as phyllosilicates, may prove especially challenging due to the complex interaction between the crystal structure and the laser pulse upon applying a high electric field. Micas are a representative group of nonswelling clay minerals of relevance to a number of scientific and technological fields. In this study, a Mg-rich biotite was analyzed by APT to generate preliminary data on nonisotropic minerals and to investigate the effect of the crystallographic orientation on mica chemical composition and structure estimation. The difference in results obtained for specimens extracted from the (001) and (hk0) mica surfaces indicate the importance of both experimental parameters and the crystallography. Anisotropy of mica has a strong influence on the physicochemical properties of the mineral during field evaporation and the interpretation of APT data. The promising results obtained in the present study open the way to future innovative APT applications on mica and clay minerals and contribute to the general discussion on the challenges for the analysis of geomaterials by atom probe tomography.
Affective solidarity: how guilt enables cross-generational support for political radicalization in Hong Kong
Authors: Tang Gary , Cheng Edmund W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe extant social movement literature tends to regard the youth as radical actors and senior citizens as conservative actors. However, the Anti-Extradition Bill Movement in Hong Kong exhibited strong solidarity among protesters across generations, despite the radicalization of protest actions over an extended period. These phenomena contradict Hong Kong's traditional political culture, which favors peaceful and orderly protests and the worldwide trend where radicalization often leads to internal division in movements. By analyzing the data collected from onsite protest surveys in December 2019 and January 2020 (N= 1,784), this paper presents the mediating role of guilt in shifting senior citizens from opposing radical actions to supporting them and feeling solidarity with militant protesters. We find that the relationship between age and feelings of guilt is stronger among respondents who experience state repression. The findings shed light on the affective and relational dimensions of protest participation, showing how the traumatic conditions under which different social actors are welded together by shared emotional upheavals facilitate ingroup identification and affective solidarity.
Retrieving Water Vapor From an E‐Band Microwave Link With an Empirical Model Not Requiring In Situ Calibration
Authors: Fencl Martin , Dohnal Michal , Bareš Vojtěch 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn empirical model estimating water vapor density from the attenuation of electromagnetic waves at E‐band frequencies is proposed and tested on seven months of 5‐min attenuation observations from a 4.87‐km‐long full‐duplex E‐band commercial microwave link (CML) operating at 73.5 and 83.5 GHz. The model does not require in situ calibration. Estimated water vapor density is compared to the observations from two meteorological stations located nearby the CML end nodes. Best performance is achieved for the 83.5 GHz sublink (RMSE = 1.46 g m−3, R2 = 0.85) when the actual temperature is used as a model input, in addition to the attenuation data. Use of temperature averaged over the whole evaluation period resulted in significantly worse performance. The study demonstrates the potential of E‐band CMLs for measuring near‐surface air humidity and the need for careful quality control when upscaling the water vapor monitoring to the entire network of E‐band CMLs.
Separation of Poroelastic and Elastic Processes of an Aquifer From Tectonic Phenomena Using Geodetic, Seismic, and Meteorological Data in the Pollino Region, Italy
Authors: Barajas Andrés , Poli Piero , D'Agostino Nicola , Margerin Ludovic , Campillo Michel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVelocity variations obtained from ambient seismic noise are sensitive to many factors. We aimed to disentangle these processes in a 10‐year‐long recording of seismic noise from a single station in the Pollino region, in southern Italy. This region is characterized by aquifers and by a relatively short period of high seismic activity that included slow slip events and a earthquake that occurred on October 25, 2012. We apply two models that estimate the water level inside an aquifer, which show a good correlation with the measured , showing that the velocity variations are inversely proportional to the pore pressure inside the aquifer. Our interpretation is further confirmed by geodetic measurements that show that in a direction parallel to the strike angle of the fault rupture, the expansion‐contraction displacement of the zone follows the same patterns observed in the models and in the velocity variations, as a result of the pressure generated by the water on its interior. Going one step further, we analyze the nature of the small discrepancies between the measured and modeled velocity variations. These correlate well with the rainfall and with the vertical geodetic measures, which indicates an elastic response of the zone to the loading generated by the rainwater. Comparisons between these variables allow us to clearly identify the period of the seismic activity in the zone, which is represented by the characteristic drop in the seismic velocity in the period from the beginning of 2012 to mid‐2013.
Identification of four novel QTL linked to the metabolic syndrome in the Berlin Fat Mouse
Authors: Delpero Manuel , Arends Danny , Sprechert Maximilian , Krause Florian , Kluth Oliver , Schürmann Annette , Brockmann Gudrun A. , Hesse Deike 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The Berlin Fat Mouse Inbred line (BFMI) is a model for obesity and the metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to identify genetic variants associated with impaired glucose metabolism using the obese lines BFMI861-S1 and BFMI861-S2, which are genetically closely related, but differ in several traits. BFMI861-S1 is insulin resistant and stores ectopic fat in the liver, whereas BFMI861-S2 is insulin sensitive.

Methods
In generation 10, 397 males of an advanced intercross line (AIL) BFMI861-S1 × BFMI861-S2 were challenged with a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet and phenotyped over 25 weeks. QTL-analysis was performed after selective genotyping of 200 mice using the GigaMUGA Genotyping Array. Additional 197 males were genotyped for 7 top SNPs in QTL regions. For the prioritization of positional candidate genes whole genome sequencing and gene expression data of the parental lines were used.

Results
Overlapping QTL for gonadal adipose tissue weight and blood glucose concentration were detected on chromosome (Chr) 3 (95.8–100.1 Mb), and for gonadal adipose tissue weight, liver weight, and blood glucose concentration on Chr 17 (9.5–26.1 Mb). Causal modeling suggested for Chr 3-QTL direct effects on adipose tissue weight, but indirect effects on blood glucose concentration. Direct effects on adipose tissue weight, liver weight, and blood glucose concentration were suggested for Chr 17-QTL. Prioritized positional candidate genes for the identified QTL were Notch2 and Fmo5 (Chr 3) and Plg and Acat2 (Chr 17). Two additional QTL were detected for gonadal adipose tissue weight on Chr 15 (67.9–74.6 Mb) and for body weight on Chr 16 (3.9–21.4 Mb).

Conclusions
QTL mapping together with a detailed prioritization approach allowed us to identify candidate genes associated with traits of the metabolic syndrome. In addition, we provided evidence for direct and indirect genetic effects on blood glucose concentration in the insulin-resistant mouse line BFMI861-S1.