bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical risk factors associated with radiographic osteoarthritis progression among people with knee pain: a longitudinal study
Authors: Simic Milena , Harmer Alison R. , Agaliotis Maria , Nairn Lillias , Bridgett Lisa , March Lyn , Votrubec Milana , Edmonds John , Woodward Mark , Day Richard , Fransen Marlene 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to identify modifiable clinical factors associated with radiographic osteoarthritis progression over 1 to 2 years in people with painful medial knee osteoarthritis.

Methods
A longitudinal study was conducted within a randomised controlled trial, the “Long-term Evaluation of Glucosamine Sulfate” (LEGS study). Recruitment occurred in 2007–2009, with 1- and 2-year follow-up assessments by blinded assessors. Community-dwelling people with chronic knee pain (≥4/10) and medial tibiofemoral narrowing (but retaining >2mm medial joint space width) on radiographs were recruited. From 605 participants, follow-up data were available for 498 (82%, mean [sd] age 60 [8] years). Risk factors evaluated at baseline were pain, physical function, use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), statin use, not meeting physical activity guidelines, presence of Heberden’s nodes, history of knee surgery/trauma, and manual occupation. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted adjusting for age, sex, obesity, high blood pressure, allocation to glucosamine and chondroitin treatment, and baseline structural disease severity (Kellgren and Lawrence grade, joint space width, and varus alignment). Radiographic osteoarthritis progression was defined as joint space narrowing ≥0.5mm over 1 to 2 years (latest follow-up used where available).

Results
Radiographic osteoarthritis progression occurred in 58 participants (12%). Clinical factors independently associated with radiographic progression were the use of NSAIDs, adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) 2.05 (95% CI 1.1 to 3.8), and not meeting physical activity guidelines, OR 2.07 (95% CI 0.9 to 4.7).

Conclusions
Among people with mild radiographic knee osteoarthritis, people who use NSAIDs and/or do not meet physical activity guidelines have a greater risk of radiographic osteoarthritis progression.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00513422. This original study trial was registered a priori, on August 8, 2007. The current study hypothesis arose before inspection of the data.
Is Behçet’s syndrome associated with an increased risk of ischemic heart disease? A real-world evidence in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Chun-Yu , Chen Hung-An , Wu Chun-Hsin , Su Yu-Jih , Hsu Tsai-Ching , Hsu Chung-Yuan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
A variety of chronic inflammatory diseases are linked to ischemic heart disease (IHD); however, this association is less well studied in patients with Behçet’s syndrome (BS). The primary objective of this study was to examine the impact of BS on the risk of IHD. The secondary objective was to estimate the long-term mortality risk in patients with BS.

Methods
Using a retrospective cohort design based on the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database, patients diagnosed with BS between 2000 and 2013, without prior history of IHD, were compared to non-BS individuals. The BS and non-BS cohorts were matched with a 1:2 ratio by propensity score, accounting for the following confounders: age, sex, year of index date, comorbidities, and drug exposure. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to derive the hazard ratio (HR) for IHD and mortality. The long-term survival rate was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.

Results
After propensity score matching, a total of 1554 patients newly diagnosed with BS and 3108 control subjects were identified. The incidence rate of IHD in the BS and control groups was 2.7 and 2.9 per 1000 person-years, respectively. The risk of IHD was comparable between BS and control cohorts [adjusted HR, 1.03; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.66 to 1.62]. The 5- and 10-year survival rate of BS patients was 96.8% and 95.0%, respectively. Patients with BS exhibited a significantly higher risk of mortality than the sex- and age-matched general population (adjusted HR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.30 to 2.32).

Conclusion
Unlike other chronic systemic autoimmune disorders, BS does not appear to be associated with an excess risk of IHD.
Mental health and stress among ICU healthcare professionals in France according to intensity of the COVID-19 epidemic
Authors: Laurent Alexandra , Fournier Alicia , Lheureux Florent , Louis Guillaume , Nseir Saad , Jacq Gwenaelle , Goulenok Cyril , Muller Grégoire , Badie Julio , Bouhemad Bélaïd , Georges Marjolaine , Mertes Paul-Michel , Merdji Hamid , Castelain Vincent , Abdulmalak Caroline , Lesieur Olivier , Plantefeve Gaëtan , Lacherade Jean-Claude , Rigaud Jean-Philippe , Sedillot Nicholas , Roux Damien , Terzi Nicolas , Beuret Pascal , Monsel Antoine , Poujol Anne-Laure , Kuteifan Khaldoun , Vanderlinden Thierry , Renault Anne , Vivet Bérengère , Vinsonneau Christophe , Barbar Saber Davide , Capellier Gilles , Dellamonica Jean , Ehrmann Stephan , Rimmelé Thomas , Bohé Julien , Bouju Pierre , Gibot Sébastien , Lévy Bruno , Temime Johanna , Pichot Cyrille , Schnell David , Friedman Diane , Asfar Pierre , Lebas Eddy , Mateu Philippe , Klouche Kada , Audibert Juliette , Ecarnot Fiona , Meunier-Beillard Nicolas , Loiseau Mélanie , François-Pursell Irène , Binquet Christine , Quenot Jean-Pierre ,   PsyCOVID-ICU Trial Investigators and the CRICS TRIGGERSEP Group (Clinical Research in Intensive Care and Sepsis Trial Group for Global Evaluation and Research in Sepsis)
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
We investigated the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on mental health of professionals working in the intensive care unit (ICU) according to the intensity of the epidemic in France.

Methods
This cross-sectional survey was conducted in 77 French hospitals from April 22 to May 13 2020. All ICU frontline healthcare workers were eligible. The primary endpoint was the mental health, assessed using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. Sources of stress during the crisis were assessed using the Perceived Stressors in Intensive Care Units (PS-ICU) scale. Epidemic intensity was defined as high or low for each region based on publicly available data from Santé Publique France. Effects were assessed using linear mixed models, moderation and mediation analyses.

Results
In total, 2643 health professionals participated; 64.36% in high-intensity zones. Professionals in areas with greater epidemic intensity were at higher risk of mental health issues (p < 0.001), and higher levels of overall perceived stress (p < 0.001), compared to low-intensity zones. Factors associated with higher overall perceived stress were female sex (B = 0.13; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.08–0.17), having a relative at risk of COVID-19 (B = 0.14; 95%-CI = 0.09–0.18) and working in high-intensity zones (B = 0.11; 95%-CI = 0.02–0.20). Perceived stress mediated the impact of the crisis context on mental health (B = 0.23, 95%-CI = 0.05, 0.41) and the impact of stress on mental health was moderated by positive thinking, b = − 0.32, 95% CI = − 0.54, − 0.11.

Conclusion
COVID-19 negatively impacted the mental health of ICU professionals. Professionals working in zones where the epidemic was of high intensity were significantly more affected, with higher levels of perceived stress. This study is supported by a grant from the French Ministry of Health (PHRC-COVID 2020).
Krasnoselski–Mann-type inertial method for solving split generalized mixed equilibrium and hierarchical fixed point problems
Authors: Chuasuk Preeyanuch , Kaewcharoen Anchalee 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we present Krasnoselski–Mann-type inertial method for solving split generalized mixed equilibrium and hierarchical fixed point problems for k-strictly pseudocontractive nonself-mappings. We establish that the weak convergence of the proposed accelerated iterative method with inertial terms involves a step size which does not require any prior knowledge of the operator norm under several suitable conditions in Hilbert spaces. Finally, the application to a Nash–Cournot oligopolistic market equilibrium model is discussed, and numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of our iterative method.
Thermochemical degradation of cotton fabric under mild conditions
Authors: Cuiffo Michael , Jung Hye Jung , Skocir Asta , Schiros Theanne , Evans Emily , Orlando Elizabeth , Lin Yu-Chung , Fang Yiwei , Rafailovich Miriam , Kim Taejin , Halada Gary 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTextile waste presents a major burden on the environment, contributing to climate change and chemical pollution as toxic dyes and finishing chemicals enter the environment through landfill leachate. Moreover, the majority of textile waste reaching landfills is discarded clothing, which could be reused or recycled. Here we investigate environmentally benign morphology changing of cotton textiles as a precursor for reintegration into a circular materials economy. At 50 °C using low concentrations of acids and bases, the interfiber structures of woven cotton were successfully degraded when treated with the following sequence of chemical treatment: citric acid, urea, sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, and sodium nitrate. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveal separation of the constituent fibers without depolymerization of the cellulose structure, and streaming potential measurements indicate that surface charge effects play a key role in facilitating degradation. The proposed reaction procedures show feasibility of effective waste-fabric recycling processes without chemically intensive processes, in which staple fibers are recovered and can be re-spun into new textiles.
Self-reported vs. objectively assessed adherence to inhaled corticosteroids in asthma
Authors: Jensen Frodi Fridason , Håkansson Kjell E. J. , Overgaard Nielsen Britt , Weinreich Ulla Møller , Ulrik Charlotte Suppli 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Adherence to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in asthma is vital for disease control. However, obtaining reliable and clinically useful measures of adherence remains a major challenge. We investigated the association between patient-reported adherence and objectively measured adherence based on filled prescriptions with inhaled corticosteroids in adults with asthma.

Methods
In total, 178 patients with asthma were asked to self-assess adherence during routine visits at a respiratory outpatient clinic. Self-assessment was performed using Foster score (“How many days in a 7-day week do you take your medication as prescribed?”, with the answer divided by 7). Objective adherence was calculated as medication possession ratio (MPR). Bivariate and multivariable linear regression, adjusted for age, sex, FEV1, GINA treatment step, excessive use of SABA, and history of exacerbations were used for analyses.

Results
Of the included patients, 87.6% reported a Foster score of 100%, while the mean ICS MPR was 54.0% (SD 25%). Complex regimens such as twice-daily dosing or dual inhaler-use were associated with lower adherence (p = 0.015 and p < 0.001, respectively).
Foster score was predictive of ICS MPR, with an absolute 32% increase in MPR between patients reporting Foster scores of 0 and 100% (95% CI 13–50%, p < 0.001). Female sex predicted higher ICS MPR (p = 0.019). Previous asthma-related hospitalization(s) predicted lower ICS MPR (p = 0.039).

Conclusion
Although a weak association was found between Foster score and ICS MPR, findings do not support the use of Foster score, and by that self-reported adherence, as a reliable marker of controller adherence in asthma due to significant mismatch between patient-reported adherence and MPR. Future studies should address the complex interplay between patient-reported and objectively assessed adherence to controller medication in asthma.
Molecular characterization and biological activity of native Spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus isolate
Authors: Elmenofy Wael , El-Gaied Lamiaa , Yasser Norhan , Osman Engy , Sayed Samy , Abd El-Maksoud Reem M. , Naguib El Shaimaa , Abdelal Aziza 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpliNPV) is considered a promising biocontrol agent that can be used for the effective control of the cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), which is an economic pest on many cultivated plants and crops in tropical and sub-tropical regions. The genome of the SpliNPV-AN1956 isolate has been fully sequenced, providing a reference strain for comparison of new isolates. In this study, identification, biological activity, and genetic characterization of a field collected SpliNPV isolate were carried out.

Results
The examination of viral occlusion bodies (OBs) by TEM showed a typical baculovirus OBs of type nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) with polyhedral structures. The phylogenetic analysis of the late expression factor- 5 (lef-5) gene as well as the restriction profile analysis confirmed the identity of SpliNPV as a variant isolate. Digestion with ScaI endonuclease showed that 4 fragments of 50, 35, 27, and 13 kb were detected but 3.2 kb was absent in SpliNPV-Cab3 pattern compared to the reference strain. Meanwhile, upon digestion with PstI and HindIII endonucleases, no differences were observed in both isolates’ pattern. Moreover, the virulence evaluation against S. littoralis 1st instar larvae indicated that LC50 value of SpliMNPV-Cab3 was higher than that estimated for the reference strain. Also, ST50 of SpliNPV-Cab3 (120 h) was significantly different with that of the reference strain (132 h).

Conclusion
The host specificity based on virulence parameters make SpliNPV-Cab3 isolate a potential candidate to be involved in the integrated pest management strategies for the control of S. littoralis population with a prospect to biopesticide development.
Anterior expansion and posterior addition to the notochord mechanically coordinate zebrafish embryo axis elongation
Authors: McLaren Susannah B. P. , Steventon Benjamin J. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
How force generated by the morphogenesis of one tissue impacts the morphogenesis of other tissues to achieve an elongated embryo axis is not well understood. The notochord runs along the length of the somitic compartment and is flanked on either side by somites. Vacuolating notochord cells undergo a constrained expansion, increasing notochord internal pressure and driving its elongation and stiffening. Therefore, the notochord is appropriately positioned to play a role in mechanically elongating the somitic compartment. We used multi-photon cell ablation to remove specific regions of the zebrafish notochord and quantify the impact on axis elongation. We show that anterior expansion generates a force that displaces notochord cells posteriorly relative to adjacent axial tissues, contributing to the elongation of segmented tissue during post-tailbud stages. Unexpanded cells derived from progenitors at the posterior end of the notochord provide resistance to anterior notochord cell expansion, allowing for stress generation along the anterior-posterior axis. Therefore, notochord cell expansion beginning in the anterior, and addition of cells to the posterior notochord, act as temporally coordinated morphogenetic events that shape the zebrafish embryo anterior-posterior axis.
Recommendations from long-term care reports, commissions, and inquiries in Canada
Authors: Wong Eric K. C. , Thorne Trina , Estabrooks Carole , Straus Sharon E. 
Published: June 2021

Background:Multiple long-term care (LTC) reports have issued similar recommendations for improvement across Canadian LTC homes. Our primary objective was to identify the most common recommendations made over the past 10 years. Our secondary objective was to estimate the total cost of studying LTC issues repeatedly from 1998 to 2020.Methods:The qualitative and cost analyses were conducted in Canada from July to October 2020. Using a list of reports, inquiries and commissions from The Royal Society of Canada Working Group on Long-Term Care, we coded recurrent recommendations in LTC reports. We contacted the sponsoring organizations for a cost estimate, including direct and indirect costs. All costs were adjusted to 2020 Canadian dollar values.Results:Of the 80 Canadian LTC reports spanning the years of 1998 to 2020, 24 (30%) were based on a national level and 56 (70%) were focused on provinces or municipalities. Report length ranged from 4 to 1491 pages and the median number of contributors was 14 (interquartile range, IQR, 5–26) per report. The most common recommendation was to increase funding to LTC to improve staffing, direct care and capacity (67% of reports). A median of 8 (IQR 3.25–18) recommendations were made per report. The total cost for all 80 reports was estimated to be $23,626,442.78.Conclusions:Problems in Canadian LTC homes and their solutions have been known for decades. Despite this, governments and non-governmental agencies continue to produce more reports at a monetary and societal cost to Canadians.
Health professionals’ attitudes toward religiosity and spirituality: a NERSH Data Pool based on 23 surveys from six continents
Authors: Kørup Alex , Søndergaard Jens , Alyousefi Nada A , Lucchetti Giancarlo , Baumann Klaus , Lee Eunmi , Karimah Azimatul , Ramakrishnan Parameshwaran , Frick Eckhard , Büssing Arndt , Schouten Esther , Butcher Wyatt , Hefti René , Wermuth Inga , de Diego-Cordero Rocio , Menegatti-Chequini Maria Cecilia , Hvidt Niels Christian 
Published: June 2021

Background In order to facilitate better international and cross-cultural comparisons of health professionals (HPs) attitudes towards Religiosity and/or Spirituality (R/S) we updated the NERSH Data Pool. Methods We performed both a network search, a citation search and systematic literature searches to find new surveys. Results We found six new surveys (N=1,068), and the complete data pool ended up comprising 7,323 observations, including 4,070 females and 3,253 males. Most physicians (83%, N=3,700) believed that R/S had “some” influence on their patients’ health (CI95%) (81.8%–84.2%). Similarly, nurses (94%, N=1,020) shared such a belief (92.5%–95.5%). Across all samples 649 (16%; 14.9%–17.1%) physicians reported to have undergone formal R/S-training, compared with nurses where this was 264 (23%; 20.6%–25.4%). Conclusions Preliminary analysis indicates that HPs believe R/S to be important for patient health but lack formal R/S-training. Findings are discussed. We find the data pool suitable as a base for future cross-cultural comparisons using individual participant data meta-analysis.
Supplemental oxygen in Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital Malawi: a prospective cohort study of patients admitted to medical wards
Authors: Thomson Helen , Mlaviwa Maness , Rylance Jamie , Jones Hannah , Reuben Ammoah , Stolbrink Marie 
Published: June 2021

Background: Oxygen is designated an essential drug by the World Health Organisation, and reduces mortality in hypoxic patients. In low-resource settings the provision of oxygen seldom meets its demand. This study explores predictors and observed time-course of hypoxaemia in order to help inform needs assessments for oxygen in hospitals in low- and middle-income countries. Methods: A prospective cohort study of adults with hypoxaemia admitted to medical wards of a teaching hospital in Malawi between February and March 2020. Vital signs and oxygen therapy were recorded daily. We analysed outcomes (death, discharge from hospital or ongoing inpatient care at 14 days after admission) using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression time-to-event analysis. Results: 33 patients were recruited with median age 45 years (IQR 33-61). 13 (39%) were female. Median pre-treatment oxygen saturations were 84% (IQR 76-87%). Oxygen delivery devices were often shared with other patients (n=10, 33%) and the flow rate was often unknown (n=14, 47%), mostly because of broken equipment (n=8, 57%). Median duration of oxygen therapy was 3 days (IQR 1-7). Death occurred in 16 (49%). Hazard ratios for short oxygen therapy were reduced in patients who had a chest radiograph performed (HR 0.08, 95% CI 0.02–0.30), in ex-smokers (HR 0.01, 95% CI 0.00-0.22) and in never smokers (HR 0.03, 95% CI 0.00 – 0.78). Conclusions: Delivering oxygen therapy in lower-middle income countries is challenging; broken equipment and shared delivery devices prevented titration of flow rates. Patients were relatively young and at a high risk of death. Patients with a chest radiograph received oxygen for longer than those without. This hypothesis generating study can be used to build a more comprehensive understanding of oxygen supply need at the hospital level.
The dialogic nature of double consciousness and double stimulation: Implications from Peirce and Vygotsky
Authors: West Donna E. 
Published: June 2021

The objective in this paper is to demonstrate the indispensability of Peirce’s double consciousness to foster abductive reasoning, so that internal/external dialogue inform the worthiness of hunches. These forms of dialogue establish a mental give-and-take forum in which novel meanings/effects are particularly highlighted and noticed. Such attentional shifts are compelled by surprising states of affairs within the beholder’s internal, interpretive competencies, or from external factors (pictures, gestural or linguistic performatives). The dialogic nature of these signs pre-forms operations not possible non-dialogically; they command, interrogate, or suggest alterations to established conduct/beliefs in contexts in which propositional/argumentative conflicts are obviated.
This inquiry proposes experimental methodologies to measure when double consciousness (via private/inner speech) mediates hypothesis-making. Vygotsky’s conflict of motive at four distinct developmental stages constitutes the foundation for the proposed experiments. Designs draw upon Vygotsky’s ‘double stimulation’ paradigms that force decision-making processes when conflicts of motive surface. Paradigms include forced imitation of one model while ignoring another (imitating bear, not dragon), and altering a visual array to depict logical sequencing accurately (the “Cycles Test”; “The Odd One Out”). These conflicts require children to change their conduct/beliefs to accommodate to atypical states of affairs.
Deterrence Effects of Enforcement Schemes: An Experimental Study
Authors: Agranov Marina , Buyalskaya Anastasia 
Published: June 2021

Private and public organizations are interested in finding effective ways to reduce crime and promote ethical behavior without investing heavy resources into monitoring and compliance. In this paper, we experimentally study how revealing different information about a fine distribution affects deterrence of an undesirable behavior. We use a novel incentive-compatible elicitation method to observe subjects lying (the undesirable behavior) and quantify the extent to which this behavior responds to information structures. We find that punishment schemes that communicate only partial information (the minimum fine in particular) are more effective than full information schemes at deterring lying. We explore the mechanism driving this result and link it to subjects’ beliefs about their own versus the average expected fine in treatments with partial information. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis.