bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MiR-25 protects NRK-52E cells from apoptosis induced by renal IRI by targeting DKK3
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zuo Xiangrong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Renal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is one of the main causes of acute kidney injury (AKI). In recent years, there have been many studies on renal IRI, although an effective treatment method has not been developed. In recent years, growing evidence has shown that small noncoding RNAs play an important regulatory role in renal IRI. This article aims to explore whether microRNA-25 (miR-25) plays a role in the molecular mechanism of renal IRI. The results showed that the expression level of miR-25 was significantly downregulated in a rat renal IRI model, and this result was confirmed with in vitro experiments. After hypoxia-reoxygenation treatment, the apoptosis level of NRK-52E cells transfected with miR-25 mimics decreased significantly, and this antiapoptotic effect was antagonized by miR-25 inhibitors. In addition, we confirmed that DKK3 is a target of miR-25. MiR-25 exerts its protective effect against apoptosis on NRK-52E cells by inhibiting the expression of DKK3, and downregulating the expression level of miR-25 could disrupt this protective effect. In addition, we reconfirmed the role of miR-25 in rats. Therefore, we confirmed that miR-25 may target DKK3 to reduce renal cell damage caused by hypoxia and that miR-25 may be a new potential treatment for renal IRI.
Development and Validation of a Practical Machine-learning Triage Algorithm for the Detection of Patients in Need of Critical Care in the Emergency Department
Authors: Liu Yecheng , Gao Jiandong , Liu Jihai , Walline Joseph Harold , Liu Xiaoying , Zhang Ting , Wu Ji , Zhu Huadong , Zhu Weiguo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Identifying critically ill patients is a key challenge in emergency department (ED) triage. Mis-triage errors are still widespread in triage systems around the world. Here, we present a machine learning system (MLS) to assist ED triage officers better recognize critically ill patients and provide a text-based explanation of the MLS recommendation. To derive the MLS, an existing dataset of 20,272 patient encounters from 2012 to 2019 from our institution’s electronic emergency triage system (EETS) was used for algorithm training. We then conducted a prospective randomized cohort study of ED patients between March and April 2020. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.86 in a retrospective validation dataset of 2,000 randomized database cases. In the prospective cohort study, compared to the traditional triage system’s 1.2% mis-triage rate, the mis-triage rate in the MLS-assisted group was 0.9%. This MLS method with a real-time explanation for triage officers was able to lower the mis-triage rate of critically ill ED patients.
Mean heart dose-based normal tissue complication probability model for pericardial effusion
Authors: Fukada Junichi , Fukata Kyohei , Koike Naoyoshi , Kota Ryuichi , Shigematsu Naoyuki 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We investigated the normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) of the incidence of pericardial effusion (PCE) based on the mean heart dose (MHD). We reviewed medical records of oesophageal cancer patients treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy. Incidences of PCE in any grade (A-PCE) and symptomatic PCE (S-PCE) were evaluated separately. To identify significant predictors for PCE, clinical and dose-volume parameters were analysed using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and multivariate regression analysis. The generated NTCP model was compared to the Lyman–Kutcher–Burman (LKB) model to validate its clinical applicability. Among 229 eligible patients, A-PCE and S-PCE were observed in 100 (43.7%) and 18 (7.9%) patients, respectively. MHD showed a preferable area under the curve (AUC) value for S-PCE (AUC = 0.821) and A-PCE (AUC = 0.734). MHD was the only significant predictor for A-PCE; MHD and hypertension were selected as significant factors for S-PCE. The estimated NTCP, using the MHD-based model, showed excellent correspondence to the LKB model in A-PCE and S-PCE. The NTCP curve of A-PCE was gentler than that of S-PCE and had no threshold. The MHD-based NTCP model was simple but comparable to the LKB model for both A-PCE and S-PCE. Estimated NTCP may provide clinically useful parameters for predicting PCE.
Effect of Postpartum Anaemia on Maternal Health-Related Quality of Life: A Systematic Review
Authors: Moya Ernest , Phiri Nomsa , Mwangi Martin N. , Phiri Kamija 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Postpartum anaemia remains a persistent and severe public health issue in many parts of the world. Studies have reported mixed findings on the effects of anaemia during the postpartum period on maternal health-related quality of life (HRQoL). We conducted this systematic review to summarise available evidence to inform public health practitioners on whether 1) anaemia negatively impact maternal health-related quality of life and 2) whether iron supplementation in anaemic women can improve maternal HRQoL during the postpartum period. Methods: This review’s protocol was registered online with PROSPERO (CRD42020206618). We extensively searched Embase, PubMed, Cochrane and Scopus through the HINARI website to identify studies that reported either association or effect of postpartum anaemia on fatigue, depression and mother-child interaction. We restricted our search to studies of human females published in English from databases inception until August 2020. We followed a guideline for reporting systematic reviews without meta-analysis to synthesise data. Results: Ten out of 15 studies where the direction of effect could be determined reported a significant association between lower Hb levels and physical fatigue symptoms. Fourteen out of 19 studies also reported a significant association between Hb levels and postpartum depression. There was evidence in six of the seven and seven of the eight randomised controlled trials that iron replenishment significantly decreased physical fatigue and postpartum depression respectively. Two of the four included studies showed that anaemic mothers were less responsive and had negative feelings towards their children than non-anaemic mother. Conclusion: Evidence from this review suggests that postpartum anaemia negatively affects health related quality of life and that iron replenishment improved both symptoms of fatigue and depression. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether postpartum anaemia affects mother-child interaction.
Cannabis Use Is Associated With Patient and Clinical Factors in a Population-Based Sample of Colorectal Cancer Survivors
Authors: Newcomb Polly A , Ton Mimi , Malen Rachel C , Heffner Jamiee L , Labadie Julia D , Phipps Amanda I , Burnett-Hartman Andrea 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
PurposeThis study aimed to characterize patient and clinical factors associated with cannabis(marijuana) use among patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodsWe identified CRC patients, diagnosed from 2016-2018, using the Seattle-Puget Sound Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registry. CRC patients were recruited via mail and telephone, and participants completed a questionnaire eliciting information on medical history, demographics, and lifestyle factors, including cannabis use. Cancer stage was obtained from SEER registry data.ResultsOf 1,433 survey respondents, 339 (24%) were current cannabis users. Current cannabis use was associated with younger age at diagnosis, lower BMI, and a higher prevalence of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption (P-value<0.05). Cannabis use was also associated with lower quality of life scores (FACT-C) and advanced stage cancer (P-value<0.05).ConclusionCannabis use among CRC patients was common. Patients with more advanced disease were more likely to report cannabis use. Use also varied by some personal factors, consistent with patterns in the general population. Given the high prevalence of cannabis use among CRC patients, research is needed to determine the benefits and harms of cannabis use for symptom management in cancer patients.
Immunohistochemical Analysis of Na+/K+-ATPase and Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Expressions in Both Parenchymal and Stromal Cells from Benign and Malignant Canine Mammary Tumors
Authors: ozmen ozlem 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Canine mammary tumors are the most common type of dog tumor, and they are similar to human breast tumors. Na+/K+-ATPase is a common plasma membrane ion pump with important physiological and pathophysiological functions. In mammary tumors, the tumor microenvironment was composed of a heterogeneous population of tumor cells and nearby endogenous stromal cells. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) regulate fetal development, tissue homeostasis and differentiation, and a variety of cellular functions. The purpose of this study is to examine the immunohistochemical expression of Na+/K+-ATPase and BMP-2 in tumoral and stromal cells from benign and malignant canine mammary tumors. In this study, ten benign and ten malignant mammary tumors from the archives of the Department of Pathology were used, with five normal breast tissues serving as controls. The results of the revealed that tumors had higher levels of Na+/K+-ATPase and BMP-2 expressions than normal mammary tissue. While both markers were expressed negatively or mildly in benign tumors, they increased significantly in malignant tumors. Both Na+/K+-ATPase and BMP-2 are expressed by tumoral and stromal cells in canine mammary tumors. When compared to compared to BMP-2, Na+/K+-ATPase expression was found to be more severe. This study found that Na+/K+-ATPase and BMP-2 can be used as markers of malignancy in canine mammary tumors and that stromal cells also play an important role in tumor progression. These findings also indicated that Na+/K+-ATPase and BMP-2 may be used for early diagnosis or as a potential target for treatment of canine and human breast tumors in the future.
Activation of the hippocampal LXRβ improves sleep-deprived cognitive impairment by inhibiting neuroinflammation
Authors: Qiu Chen , Wang Min , Yu Wen , Rong Zheng , Zheng He-Sheng , Sun Ting , Liu Shui-Bing , Zhao Ming-Gao , Wu Yu-Mei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) leads to cognitive impairment due to neuroinflammation associated with impaired hippocampal neuronal plasticity and memory processes. Liver X receptors (LXRs), including LXRα and LXRβ isoforms, are crucial for synaptic plasticity as well as anti-inflammation. However, the potential roles of LXRs in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment induced by SD remain unclear. We revealed that SD resulted in LXRβ reduction in hippocampus, which was associated with upregulated expression of high mobility group box1 (HMGB1)/toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB p65, and knockdown of hippocampal LXRβ by shRNA (shLXRβ) led to cognitive impairment. GW3965, a dual agonist for both LXRα and LXRβ, ameliorated SD-induced cognitive impairment by inhibiting microglia activation, suppressing HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB p65 pathway, and ultimately affecting the hippocampal expression of inflammatory cytokines in SD mice. LXRβ knockdown by shLXRβ, abrogated GW3965-mediated the inhibition of HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB p65 pathway, therefore abolished the cognitive improvement. Moreover, inhibition of HMGB1 by glycyrrhizin (GLY) synergistic promoted GW3965-mediated anti-inflammation in activated microglia after LPS/ATP stimulation and facilitated the cognitive improvement after GW administration by activating LXRβ. All the data suggested that GW3965 ameliorated impaired cognition in SD mice by suppressing HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB p65 pathway followed LXRβ activation. This study correlates a deficit of LXRβ in cognitive dysfunction in SD associated with HMGB1 inflammatory pathway in hippocampus, and LXRs may serve as a potential therapeutic target for cognitive impairment with anti-inflammation.
Prevalence and Associated Metabolic Factors for Thyroid Nodules: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southwest of China with More Than 120 Thousand Populations
Authors: Xu Li , Zeng Fanling , Wang Yutong , Bai Ye , Shan Xuefeng , Kong Lingxi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective. To explore the prevalence and its associated metabolic factors of thyroid nodules (TNs) among subjects who participated in the physical examinations in Chongqing, China. Methods. The participants from the Health Management Center of JinShan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, between September 2015 and May 2020, were included in this study. All of the participants underwent thyroid ultrasonography, anthropometric measurements, and serum examinations. Differences in the TNs prevalence were compared with the chi-square test or Wilcoxon rang-sum test. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the metabolic factors associated with TNs and multi thyroid nodules (MTNs). Results. Of the included 121702 participants, 41547 had TNs, and 20899 had MTNs, with the prevalence of 34.1% and 17.0%, respectively. Women had a significantly higher prevalence of TNs than men (40.6% vs. 29.8%; χ2 = 1517.33, P < 0.001), and TNs prevalence was gradually increased with age (P for trend < 0.001). Female gender, advanced age, and metabolic factors including central obesity, BMI,hypertension, diabetes and fatty liver were positively associated with TNs; hyperlipoidemia and hyperuricemia were not independent risk factors of TNs. While female gender, advanced age, central obesity, hypertension and diabetes were independent risk factors of MTNs. Conclusions. The prevalence of thyroid nodules was relatively high. The associated factors identified in this study could help the clinicians to detect the high-risk patients and make targeted screening strategies for the preventing of the occurrence of TNs.
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Tissue-Tracking and Parametric Mapping in Characterizing Takotsubo Syndrome: A Pilot Study
Authors: Cau Riccardo , Bassareo Pierpaolo , Cherchi Valeria , Montisci Roberta , Deidda Martino , Caredda Gloria , Porcu Michele , Suri Jasjit S , Esposito Antonio , Meloni Luigi , Pontone Gianluca , Saba Luca 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Aims: The aims of our pilot study were to evaluate the application of cardiac magnetic resonance tissue tracking (CMR-TT) and tissue mapping in characterizing TS.Methods: Two groups were retrospectively enrolled: patients with apical ballooning TS (n=19) and healthy controls (n=10). We assessed global and regional bi-ventricular function, including longitudinal (LS), circumferential (CS), and radial strain (RS) analysis. Tissue characterization by T1, T2 mapping, and LGE was performed as well to detect the possible presence of myocardial injuries. Results: LS was reduced in patients with TS compared to healthy controls. LS dysfunction was detected mainly at mid- and apical cavity (p=0.001 for both). Again, basal RS was higher in TS patients compared to the control group. No other statistically significant differences in myocardial strain were detected. TS patients had higher T1 and T2 values, with greater involvement of the LV apex compared with controls. In a multivariate analysis, there was a statistically significant difference between TS and controls regarding parametric mapping and myocardial strain after controlling for gender and age. T1-native and T2 mapping proved to have an excellent performance in differentiating TS patients from controls (AUCs of 0.94 and 0.96, respectively)Conclusion: Our study suggests that myocardial strain impairment and parametric mappings could help in refining the evaluation of TS patients.
Systems biological assessment of human immunity to BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination
Authors: Pulendran Bali , Arunachalam Prabhu S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The emergency use authorization of two COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in less than a year since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, represents a landmark in vaccinology1,2. Yet, how mRNA vaccines stimulate the immune system to elicit protective immune responses is unknown. Here we used a systems biological approach to comprehensively profile the innate and adaptive immune responses in 56 healthy volunteers vaccinated with the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine. Vaccination resulted in robust production of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against the parent strain and the variant of concern, B.1.351, but no induction of autoantibodies, and significant increases in antigen-specific polyfunctional CD4 and CD8 T cells after the second dose. The innate response induced within the first 2 days of booster vaccination was profoundly increased, relative to the response at corresponding times after priming. Thus, there was a striking increase in the: (i) frequency of CD14+CD16+ inflammatory monocytes; (ii) concentration of IFN-y in the plasma, which correlated with enhanced pSTAT3 and pSTAT1 levels in monocytes and T cells; and (iii) transcriptional signatures of innate responses characteristic of antiviral vaccine responses against pandemic influenza, HIV and Ebola, within 2 days following booster vaccination compared to primary vaccination. Consistent with these observations, single-cell transcriptomics analysis of 242,479 leukocytes demonstrated a ~100-fold increase in the frequency of a myeloid cluster, enriched in a signature of interferon-response transcription factors (TFs) and reduced in AP-1 TFs, one day after secondary immunization, at day 21. Finally, we delineated distinct molecular pathways of innate activation that correlate with CD8 T cell and nAb responses and identified an early monocyte-related signature that was associated with the breadth of the nAb response against the B1.351 variant strain. Collectively, these data provide insights into the immune responses induced by mRNA vaccines and demonstrate their capacity to stimulate an enhanced innate response following booster immunization.
Resonator-free sub-MHz spectral dip in a twisted gain medium
Authors: Choksi Neel , Liu Yi , Ghasemi Rojina , Qian Li 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Ultra-narrow spectral features are desirable for a broad range of applications, from precision spectroscopy to atomic clocks to slow-light and microwave photonics, and are conventionally realized using either ultrahigh-Q resonant structures or atomic resonances. Ultrahigh-Q structure often involves microfabrication, and suffers from loss mechanisms and manufacturing variations that cannot be easily compensated, whereas atomic resonances suffer from signal attenuation and tunability is a challenge. Here, we propose an entirely new way to achieve a sub-MHz and tunable spectral feature in a resonator-free gain medium, exploiting polarization pulling in a medium with frequency dependent polarization eigenmodes. To demonstrate a specific realization, we use Brillouin gain in a commercial spun fiber and experimentally achieve a 0.72 MHz spectral dip, which is to our knowledge, the narrowest spectral Brillouin feature ever reported. Furthermore, the simulation shows that the dip linewidth can be reduced to <0.1MHz, equivalent to a Q of almost 2 billion, by optimizing the birefringence and spun rate of the fiber. We also show that the linewidth, depth, and spectral location of this dip are all tunable on demand by controlling the pump frequency, pump power, and the input polarization of the signal. Its simplicity in implementation and broad applicability, its ultra-narrow linewidth, its tunability makes this approach extremely attractive for applications such as high precision metrology and microwave photonics.
Evidences and drivers of ocean deoxygenation off Peru over recent past decades
Authors: Espinoza-Morriberón Dante , Echevin Vincent , Gutiérrez Dimitri , Tam Jorge , Graco Michelle , Ledesma Jesús , Colas Francois 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Deoxygenation is a major threat to the coastal ocean health as it impacts marine life and key biogeochemical cycles. Understanding its drivers is crucial in the thriving and highly exploited Peru upwelling system, where naturally low-oxygenated subsurface waters form the so-called oxygen minimum zone, and a slight vertical shift in its upper limit may have a huge impact. Here we investigate the long-term deoxygenation trends in the upper part of the nearshore oxygen minimum zone off Peru over the period 1970-2008. We use a unique set of dissolved oxygen in situ observations and several high resolution regional dynamical-biogeochemical coupled model simulations. The upper part of the oxygen minimum zone appears to lose oxygen over the period, particularly off Northern Peru, a trend well reproduced by the model. Model simulations attribute the deoxygenation to the slowdown of the near-equatorial eastward currents, which transport oxygen toward the Peruvian shores. The large uncertainties in the estimation of this ventilation flux and the consequences for more recent and future deoxygenation trends are discussed.
Synthesis of a new magnetic adsorbent using green tea leaf extract and its application in phenol removal by RSM method
Authors: Mohammadi Sayed Zia , Lashkari Batoul , Khosravan Azita 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this research, iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared by green synthesis and identified by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and vibrational magnetometer. The tea leaves extract was used as a reducing agent to synthesize iron oxide nanoparticles. The systematic study of the process was performed using Design Expert 10 software to determine the relationship between the four process variables, namely iron concentration, extract volume, time, and temperature effect. The square model was significant for the response variables. The iron oxide nanoparticles had super-magnetic properties. Then, iron oxide nanoparticles were used for magnetization of activated carbon (MAC). Finally, the MAC were used for phenol removing by response surface methodology (RSM) method. The results manifested that the generated MAC is quite effective in removing phenol. Various parameters such as pH, extraction time and adsorbent amount were optimized by the RSM method. The absorption of phenol was measured by using a spectrophotometer at a maximum wavelength of 510 nm. It was also indicated that phenol in an aqueous solution was removed up to 98%.