bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“What are you carrying?” Experiences of mothers with preterm babies in low-resource setting neonatal intensive care unit: a qualitative study
Authors: Namusoke Fatuma , Sekikubo Musa , Namiiro Flavia , Nakigudde Janet 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionBabies born preterm often have challenges in feeding, temperature control and breathing difficulty and are prone to infection during the neonatal period. These usually necessitate admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Admission to NICU disrupts the mother–baby bonding.ObjectiveThis study explored the lived experiences of mothers with preterm babies admitted to NICU in a low-resource setting.Study designThis was a qualitative study where 16 participants took part in indepth interviews and 35 in focus group discussions. We included mothers who delivered and were caring for preterm babies at the NICU of Mulago National Referral Hospital.Study settingData were collected from a public hospital, which works as a district and national referral hospital located in the capital of Uganda.ParticipantsFifty-one mothers with preterm babies in the NICU were sampled and recruited after informed consent. Data were analysed using manual thematic analysis.ResultsThere were six themes on the experiences of mothers of preterm babies in NICU: constant worry and uncertainty about the survival of their babies, baby feeding challenges, worries of discharge, communication gaps between mothers and nurses, community acceptability and disdain for preterm babies, and financial challenges.Conclusions and recommendationsMothers of preterm babies admitted to NICU in a low-resource setting still need a lot of support other than the medical care given to their babies. Support groups in the hospital and community are recommended to help in dealing with these challenges.
Inhaled amikacin versus placebo to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia: the AMIKINHAL double-blind multicentre randomised controlled trial protocol
Authors: Tavernier Elsa , Barbier Francois , Meziani Ferhat , Quenot Jean-Pierre , Herbrecht Jean-Etienne , Landais Mickael , Roux Damien , Seguin Philippe , Schnell David , Veinstein Anne , Veber Benoît , Lasocki Sigismond , Lu Qin , Beduneau Gaetan , Ferrandiere Martine , Dahyot-Fizelier Claire , Plantefeve Gaetan , Nay Mai-Anh , Merdji Hamid , Andreu Pascal , Vecellio Laurent , Muller Grégoire , Cabrera Maria , Le Pennec Deborah , Respaud Renaud , Lanotte Philippe , Gregoire Nicolas , Leclerc Marie , Helms Julie , Boulain Thierry , Lacherade Jean-Claude , Ehrmann Stephan 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionPre-emptive inhaled antibiotics may be effective to reduce the occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia among critically ill patients. Meta-analysis of small sample size trials showed a favourable signal. Inhaled antibiotics are associated with a reduced emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria. The aim of this trial is to evaluate the benefit of a 3-day course of inhaled antibiotics among patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation for more than 3 days on the occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia.Methods and analysisAcademic, investigator-initiated, parallel two group arms, double-blind, multicentre superiority randomised controlled trial. Patients invasively ventilated more than 3 days will be randomised to receive 20 mg/kg inhaled amikacin daily for 3 days or inhaled placebo (0.9% Sodium Chloride). Occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia will be recorded based on a standardised diagnostic framework from randomisation to day 28 and adjudicated by a centralised blinded committee.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol and amendments have been approved by the regional ethics review board and French competent authorities (Comité de protection des personnes Ouest I, No.2016-R29). All patients will be included after informed consent according to French law. Results will be disseminated in international scientific journals.Trial registration numbersEudraCT 2016-001054-17 andNCT03149640.
Assessing the safety of home oximetry for COVID-19: a multisite retrospective observational study
Authors: Clarke Jonathan , Flott Kelsey , Fernandez Crespo Roberto , Ashrafian Hutan , Fontana Gianluca , Benger Jonathan , Darzi Ara , Elkin Sarah 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesTo determine the safety and effectiveness of home oximetry monitoring pathways for patients with COVID-19 in the English National Health Service.DesignRetrospective, multisite, observational study of home oximetry monitoring for patients with suspected or proven COVID-19.SettingThis study analysed patient data from four COVID-19 home oximetry pilot sites in England across primary and secondary care settings.ParticipantsA total of 1338 participants were enrolled in a home oximetry programme across four pilot sites. Participants were excluded if primary care data and oxygen saturations at rest at enrolment were not available. Data from 908 participants were included in the analysis.InterventionsHome oximetry monitoring was provided to participants with a known or suspected diagnosis of COVID-19. Participants were enrolled following attendance to emergency departments, hospital admission or referral through primary care services.ResultsOf 908 patients enrolled into four different COVID-19 home oximetry programmes in England, 771 (84.9%) had oxygen saturations at rest of 95% or more, and 320 (35.2%) were under 65 years of age and without comorbidities. 52 (5.7%) presented to hospital and 28 (3.1%) died following enrolment, of which 14 (50%) had COVID-19 as a named cause of death. All-cause mortality was significantly higher in patients enrolled after admission to hospital (OR 8.70 (2.53–29.89)), compared with those enrolled in primary care. Patients enrolled after hospital discharge (OR 0.31 (0.15–0.68)) or emergency department presentation (OR 0.42 (0.20–0.89)) were significantly less likely to present to hospital than those enrolled in primary care.ConclusionsThis study finds that home oximetry monitoring can be a safe pathway for patients with COVID-19; and indicates increases in risk to vulnerable groups and patients with oxygen saturations <95% at enrolment, and in those enrolled on discharge from hospital. Findings from this evaluation have contributed to the national implementation of home oximetry across England.
Diagnostic testing and vaccination for COVID-19 among First Nations, Metis and Inuit in Manitoba, Canada: protocol for a nations-based cohort study using linked administrative data
Authors: Nickel Nathan C , Clark Wayne , Phillips-Beck Wanda , Sanguins Julianne , Enns Jennifer Emily , Lavoie Josée G , Romanescu Razvan , Katz Alan , Mahar Alyson L , Brownell Marni , Lix Lisa , Urquia Marcelo , Tso Deh Miyosha , O’Conaill Carrie , Durksen Anita , Brownell Emily 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionDecades of research demonstrate that First Nations, Metis and Inuit (FN/M/I) populations have differential access to diagnostic and therapeutic healthcare. Emerging evidence shows that this continues to be the case during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. In an effort to rectify these differences in access to care, our team, which is co-led by FN/M/I partners, will generate and distribute evidence on COVID-19 diagnostic testing and vaccination in high-priority FN/M/I populations in Manitoba, with the goal of identifying system-level and individual-level factors that act as barriers to equitable care and thereby informing Indigenous-led public health responses.Methods and analysisOur nations-based approach focuses on FN/M/I populations with separate study arms for each group. Linked administrative health data on COVID-19 diagnostic testing and vaccinations are available on a weekly basis. We will conduct surveillance to monitor trends in testing and vaccination among each FN/M/I population and all other Manitobans, map the geographic distribution of these outcomes by health region and tribal council, and identify barriers to testing and vaccination to inform public health strategies. We will follow the course of the pandemic starting from January 2020 and report findings quarterly.Ethics and disseminationEthics approvals have been granted by the University of Manitoba Research Ethics Board and from each of our FN/M/I partners’ organisations. Our team is committed to engaging in authentic relationship-based research that follows First Nations, Metis and Inuit research ethics principles. Our FN/M/I partners will direct the dissemination of new information to leadership in their communities (health directors, community health organisations) and to decision-makers in the provincial Ministry of Health. We will also publish in open-access journals. The study will create ongoing capacity to monitor Manitoba’s pandemic response and ensure potential health inequities are minimised, with learnings applicable to other jurisdictions where detailed administrative data may not be available.
Case-finding and genetic testing for familial hypercholesterolaemia in primary care
Authors: Qureshi Nadeem , Akyea Ralph Kwame , Dutton Brittany , Humphries Steve E , Abdul Hamid Hasidah , Condon Laura , Weng Stephen F , Kai Joe 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveFamilial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a common inherited disorder that remains mostly undetected in the general population. Through FH case-finding and direct access to genetic testing in primary care, this intervention study described the genetic and lipid profile of patients found at increased risk of FH and the outcomes in those with positive genetic test results.MethodsIn 14 Central England general practices, a novel case-finding tool (Familial Hypercholetserolaemia Case Ascertainment Tool, FAMCAT1) was applied to the electronic health records of 86 219 patients with cholesterol readings (44.5% of total practices’ population), identifying 3375 at increased risk of FH. Of these, a cohort of 336 consenting to completing Family History Questionnaire and detailed review of their clinical data, were offered FH genetic testing in primary care.ResultsGenetic testing was completed by 283 patients, newly identifying 16 with genetically confirmed FH and 10 with variants of unknown significance. All 26 (9%) were recommended for referral and 19 attended specialist assessment. In a further 153 (54%) patients, the test suggested polygenic hypercholesterolaemia who were managed in primary care. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels were higher in those patients with FH-causing variants than those with other genetic test results (p=0.010 and p=0.002).ConclusionElectronic case-finding and genetic testing in primary care could improve identification of FH; and the better targeting of patients for specialist assessment. A significant proportion of patients identified at risk of FH are likely to have polygenic hypercholesterolaemia. There needs to be a clearer management plan for these individuals in primary care.Trial registration numberNCT03934320.
Direct discovery of new light states at the FCCee
Authors: Knapen Simon , Thamm Andrea 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLight new states are ubiquitous in many models that address fundamental outstanding questions within the standard model (SM). The FCCee provides an excellent opportunity to probe these new particles with masses between 1 and $$100\,$$

100

GeV and their electroweak couplings. Here we discuss the theory motivations for axion-like particles and heavy neutral leptons and detail the potential of direct discovery at the FCCee. We highlight that our current understanding requires light new states to be embedded within a bigger theory framework and thus the complementarity of the precision frontier at the FCCee and the high energy frontier of the FCChh program.
Temperature-dependent criticality in random 2D Ising models
Authors: Metra Matteo , Zorrilla Luc , Zani Maurizio , Puppin Ezio , Biscari Paolo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe consider 2D random Ising ferromagnetic models, where quenched disorder is represented either by random local magnetic fields (random-field Ising model) or by a random distribution of interaction couplings (random-bond Ising model). In both cases, we first perform zero- and finite-temperature Monte Carlo simulations to determine how the critical temperature depends on the disorder parameter. We then focus on the reversal transition triggered by an external field and study the associated Barkhausen noise. Our main result is that the critical exponents characterizing the power law associated with the Barkhausen noise exhibit a temperature dependence in line with existing experimental observations.
The age and palaeomagnetism of Jurassic dykes, western Dronning Maud Land: implications for Gondwana breakup
Authors: Morake M. A. , O'Kennedy J. N. F. , Knoper M. W. , de Kock M. , Kramers J. D. , Grantham G. H. , Belyanin G. , Elburg M. A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

New
40
Ar/
39
Ar data from dykes intruded into Sverdrupfjella and Ahlmanryggen, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, indicate that dyke emplacement commenced at
c.
207 Ma and lasted until
c.
178 Ma. Whereas the ages ascribed to the Karoo-age magmatism contributing to Gondwana breakup are typically inferred as being
c.
182 Ma, the data indicate that ages older than
c.
192 Ma in the broader Karoo Province are restricted to western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, indicating the locality where breakup was initiated. Limited palaeomagnetic data from
c.
178–185 Ma dykes combined with published palaeomagnetic data from similar-aged dykes in Vestfjella and the Ferrar Province, suggest that Antarctica had already drifted/rifted significantly away from southern Africa from
c.
207 to
c.
180 Ma, earlier than previously thought. The data, if correct, require a re-evaluation of the ages ascribed to ocean-floor anomalies used to constrain reconstructions of Gondwana and may provide insight into the history of microcontinental blocks including the Falkland Islands, Haag nunataks, Ellsworth–Whitmore block and Maurice Ewing Bank.

Supplementary material:
Petrography, Ar isotope data from all samples and summary of ages are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5612838
Evaluating Serum Thymidine Kinase 1 in Patients with Hormone Receptor–Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer Receiving First-line Endocrine Therapy in the SWOG S0226 Trial
Authors: Paoletti Costanza , Barlow William E. , Cobain Erin F. , Bergqvist Mattias , Mehta Rita S. , Gralow Julie R. , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Albain Kathy S. , Pusztai Lajos , Sharma Priyanka , Godwin Andrew K. , Thompson Alastair M. , Hayes Daniel F. , Rae James M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
Serum thymidine kinase 1 (sTK1) activity is associated with poor prognosis in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). We assessed the prognostic effect of sTK1 in patients with hormone receptor–positive MBC treated on a prospective randomized trial of anastrozole (A) versus A plus fulvestrant (A + F).

Patients and Methods:
sTK1 was assessed in 1,726 serums [baseline (BL), cycles 2, 3, 4, and 7] using the DiviTum assay. A prespecified cutoff of ≥200 Du/L was considered high. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed by Kaplan–Meier, log-rank tests, and Cox regression.

Results:
BL sTK1 was elevated in 171 (40%) of 432 patients. Patients with high versus low BL sTK1 had significantly worse PFS [median 11.2 vs. 17.3 months, HR = 1.76; 95% confidence interval (CI; 1.43–2.16); P &lt; 0.0001] and OS [median 30 vs. 58 months, HR = 2.38; 95% CI (1.91–2.98); P &lt; 0.0001]. OS was significantly better for patients with high sTK1 who did not have prior adjuvant tamoxifen and who received A + F versus A alone [median 46 vs. 21 months, HR = 0.58; 95% CI (0.38–0.87); P = 0.0087]. Patients with low sTK1 had no difference in outcomes by therapy (P = 0.44). At serial timepoints, high versus low sTK1 had significantly worse subsequent PFS and OS [at cycle 2: PFS HR = 1.70, 95% CI (1.34–2.17); P &lt; 0.0001, OS HR = 2.51, 95% CI (1.93–3.26); P &lt; 0.0001].

Conclusions:
High sTK1 at BL and subsequent timepoints is associated with worse prognosis in patients with MBC starting first-line endocrine therapy (ET). Patients with low sTK1 at BL have comparable outcomes on single-agent or combination ET.
Gilteritinib Inhibits Glutamine Uptake and Utilization in FLT3-ITD–Positive AML
Authors: Zavorka Thomas Megan E. , Lu Xiyuan , Talebi Zahra , Jeon Jae Yoon , Buelow Daelynn R. , Gibson Alice A. , Uddin Muhammad Erfan , Brinton Lindsey T. , Nguyen Julie , Collins Meghan , Lodi Alessia , Sweeney Shannon R. , Campbell Moray J. , Sweet Douglas H. , Sparreboom Alex , Lapalombella Rosa , Tiziani Stefano , Baker Sharyn D. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with an FLT3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) mutation is an aggressive hematologic malignancy associated with frequent relapse and poor overall survival. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor gilteritinib is approved for the treatment of relapse/refractory AML with FLT3 mutations, yet its mechanism of action is not completely understood. Here, we sought to identify additional therapeutic targets that can be exploited to enhance gilteritinib's antileukemic effect. Based on unbiased transcriptomic analyses, we identified the glutamine transporter SNAT1 (SLC38A1) as a novel target of gilteritinib that leads to impaired glutamine uptake and utilization within leukemic cells. Using metabolomics and metabolic flux analyses, we found that gilteritinib decreased glutamine metabolism through the TCA cycle and cellular levels of the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate. In addition, gilteritinib treatment was associated with decreased ATP production and glutathione synthesis and increased reactive oxygen species, resulting in cellular senescence. Finally, we found that the glutaminase inhibitor CB-839 enhanced antileukemic effect of gilteritinib in ex vivo studies using human primary FLT3-ITD–positive AML cells harboring mutations in the enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate, producing α-ketoglutarate. Collectively, this work has identified a previously unrecognized, gilteritinib-sensitive metabolic pathway downstream of SLC38A1 that causes decreased glutaminolysis and disruption of redox homeostasis. These findings provide a rationale for the development and therapeutic exploration of targeted combinatorial treatment strategies for this subset of relapse/refractory AML.
Simultaneously Combined Cancer Cell- and CTLA4-Targeted NIR-PIT Causes a Synergistic Treatment Effect in Syngeneic Mouse Models
Authors: Kato Takuya , Okada Ryuhei , Furusawa Aki , Inagaki Fuyuki , Wakiyama Hiroaki , Furumoto Hideyuki , Okuyama Shuhei , Fukushima Hiroshi , Choyke Peter L. , Kobayashi Hisataka 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a new cancer treatment that utilizes antibody–IRDye700DX (IR700) conjugates. The clinical use of NIR-PIT has recently been approved in Japan for patients with inoperable head and neck cancer targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor (hEGFR). Previously, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4)–targeted NIR-PIT has been shown to strongly inhibit tumor progression and prolonged survival was seen in different tumor models due to enhanced T-cell–mediated antitumor immunity. In this study, combined NIR-PIT targeting CTLA4 expressing cells and cancer cells was investigated in four tumor models including a newly established hEGFR-expressing murine oropharyngeal cancer cell (mEERL-hEGFR). While single molecule–targeted therapy (NIR-PIT targeting hEGFR or CTLA4) did not inhibit tumor progression in poorly immunogenic mEERL-hEGFR tumor, dual (CTLA4/hEGFR)-targeted NIR-PIT significantly suppressed tumor growth and prolonged survival resulting in a 38% complete response rate. After the dual-targeted NIR-PIT, depletion of CTLA4 expressing cells, which were mainly regulatory T cells (Tregs), and an increase in the CD8+/Treg ratio in the tumor bed were observed, suggesting enhanced host antitumor immunity. Furthermore, dual-targeted NIR-PIT showed antitumor immunity in distant untreated tumors of the same type. Thus, simultaneous cancer cell–targeted NIR-PIT and CTLA4-targeted NIR-PIT is a promising new cancer therapy strategy, especially in poorly immunogenic tumors where NIR-PIT monotherapy is suboptimal.
Particularidades da Lei de Fomento ao Teatro para a cidade de São Paulo
Authors: Romeo Simone do Prado 
Published: September 2021

Este artigo debate a Lei de Fomento ao Teatro para a cidade de São Paulo sob a ótica de que ela representa uma inovação no campo das políticas culturais brasileiras. Assim, discutiremos os principais aspectos dessa lei, incluindo os critérios de percepção e apreciação que ela fixa – interpretados por nós enquanto um conjunto de afirmações que revelam uma nova legitimidade em matéria de teatro. A partir do exame dessa lei e de suas particularidades pretendemos demonstrar, ainda, que as políticas culturais são detentoras de poder simbólico atuante no campo cultural.
Territórios do historiador: recordações e práticas da vida acadêmica
Authors: Avelino Yvone Dias 
Published: September 2021

O artigo aqui apresentado busca recuperar os caminhos percorridos por famosos pesquisadores, desde a verdadeira “revolução” causada pelos historiadores participantes da Escola dos Annales francesa, nas suas diferentes gerações, e como a historiografia incorporou tais ideias, objetos e sujeitos, não apenas os grandes fatos e personagens políticos, mas ideias, costumes, imagens e mentalidades em cada um dos seus períodos. Desde 1929, com Lucien Febvre e Marc Bloch, até a atualidade com Roger Chartier e outros, indo, em cada etapa, em direção a novas abordagens, para a compreensão e interpretação da História em suas temáticas variadas. Com exemplos pontuais de pesquisas, a presente narrativa pretende colaborar com a devida discussão dessas suaves e, às vezes, bruscas mudanças, gerando novos diálogos interdisciplinares e a valorização da subjetividade do pesquisador.
Os silêncios de Stefan Zweig: considerações de Hannah Arendt e Friederike Zweig
Authors: Bôas Glaucia Villas 
Published: September 2021

O artigo retoma as críticas que Hannah Arendt e Friderike Zweig fizeram ao livro Autobiografia: o mundo de ontem: memórias de um europeu de Stefan Zweig, publicado em Estocolmo em 1942. Exiladas em Nova York, as duas mulheres escreveram, respectivamente, Stefan Zweig: jews in the world of yesterday (1943) e Married to Stefan Zweig (1947, pouco depois do lançamento do livro. Apesar de adotarem pontos de vista muito diferentes, elas argumentam que, na Autobiografia, os silêncios do autor relativamente a fatos importantes de sua vida, estavam associados à sua profunda insegurança. A leitura dos referidos trabalhos não somente possibilita um melhor entendimento do legado de Stefan Zweig, como permite ponderar sobre assunto hoje em voga, que diz respeito ao que se deve falar ou calar no âmbito da esfera pública – da perspectiva da relação entre segurança e silêncio.