bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Future Teachers Believe that Video Games Help Learning?
Authors: Cabellos Beatriz , Sánchez Daniel L. , Pozo Juan-Ignacio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOne of the factors associated with the educational use of video games is the conception that teachers and students have about their educative usefulness. However, there are no studies that identify what aspects are considered more effective to learn with video games and what kind of learning is more accessible using them. This study aims at identifying pre-service teachers’ conceptions regarding video game use for learning and specifically to know what aspects and learning they consider are more feasible. Likewise, we analyzed the pedagogical training effect of these conceptions for three groups of university students: primary pre-service teachers (who received general pedagogical training), secondary pre-service teachers (who received pedagogical training in only one area of knowledge) and other university students without pedagogical training. We applied a questionnaire to a sample of 422 university students. This questionnaire had two dimensions that differentiated between the pragmatic and epistemic uses of video games for learning and three dimensions about the different verbal, procedural and attitudinal learning which can be achieved with them. The results showed wide acceptance of video games as a learning resource in university students, but in particular secondary pre-service teachers pointed out higher possibilities of achieving learning with video games than primary pre-service teachers. On the other hand, university students pointed out more learning when video games were used in an epistemic way. In addition, they considered video games favor more verbal and procedural learnings than attitudinal ones. In conclusion, despite the positive conceptions of the students about learning with video games, we observed a less positive pattern in pre-service teachers with general pedagogical training. These results suggest that video game incorporation in schools is not being carried out fruitfully by education faculties. Therefore, we advocated for 21st-century training that optimized new conceptions and uses of video games.
Machine learning for financial forecasting, planning and analysis: recent developments and pitfalls
Authors: Wasserbacher Helmut , Spindler Martin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article is an introduction to machine learning for financial forecasting, planning and analysis (FP&A). Machine learning appears well suited to support FP&A with the highly automated extraction of information from large amounts of data. However, because most traditional machine learning techniques focus on forecasting (prediction), we discuss the particular care that must be taken to avoid the pitfalls of using them for planning and resource allocation (causal inference). While the naive application of machine learning usually fails in this context, the recently developed double machine learning framework can address causal questions of interest. We review the current literature on machine learning in FP&A and illustrate in a simulation study how machine learning can be used for both forecasting and planning. We also investigate how forecasting and planning improve as the number of data points increases.
Auditing and Debugging Deep Learning Models via Flip Points: Individual-Level and Group-Level Analysis
Authors: Yousefzadeh Roozbeh , O’Leary Dianne P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDeep learning models have been criticized for their lack of easy interpretation, which undermines confidence in their use for important applications. Nevertheless, they are consistently utilized in many applications, consequential to humans’ lives, usually because of their better performance. Therefore, there is a great need for computational methods that can explain, audit, and debug such models. Here, we useflip pointsto accomplish these goals for deep learning classifiers used in social applications. A trained deep learning classifier is a mathematical function that maps inputs to classes. By way of training, the function partitions its domain and assigns a class to each of the partitions. Partitions are defined by the decision boundaries which are expected to be geometrically complex. This complexity is usually what makes deep learning models powerful classifiers. Flip points are points on those boundaries and, therefore, the key to understanding and changing the functional behavior of models. We use advanced numerical optimization techniques and state-of-the-art methods in numerical linear algebra, such as rank determination and reduced-order models to compute and analyze them. The resulting insight into the decision boundaries of a deep model can clearly explain the model’s output on the individual level, via an explanation report that is understandable by non-experts. We also develop a procedure to understand and audit model behavior towards groups of people. We show that examining decision boundaries of models in certain subspaces can reveal hidden biases that are not easily detectable. Flip points can also be used as synthetic data to alter the decision boundaries of a model and improve their functional behaviors. We demonstrate our methods by investigating several models trained on standard datasets used in social applications of machine learning. We also identify the features that are most responsible for particular classifications and misclassifications. Finally, we discuss the implications of our auditing procedure in the public policy domain.
Risk Analysis of Australia’s Victorian Dairy Farms Using Multivariate Copulae
Authors: Godfrey Sosheel Solomon , Ip Ryan H. L. , Nordblom Thomas Lee 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe study provides comparative risk analyses of Australia’s three Victorian dairy regions. Historical data were used to identify business risk and financial viability. Multivariate distributions were fitted to the historical price, production, and input costs using copula models, capturing non-linear dependence among the variables. Monte Carlo simulation methods were then used to generate cash flows for a decade. Factors that influenced profitability the most were identified using sensitivity analysis. The dairies in the Northern region have faced water reductions, whereas those of Gippsland and South West have more positive indicators. Our analysis summarizes long-term risks and net farm profits by utilizing survey data in a probabilistic manner.
Genealogies of “Verification”: Policing the Master–Servant Relationship in Colonial and Postcolonial India
Authors: Sinha Nitin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPolice verification of domestic servants has become standard practice in many cities in contemporary India. However, the regularization of work, which brings domestic servants under protective labour laws, is still a work in progress. Examining a long timespan, this article shows how policing of the servant, through practices of identification and verification, came to be institutionalized. It looks at the history of registration within the larger mechanism of regulation that emerged for domestic servants in the late eighteenth century. However, the establishment of control over servants was not linear in its subsequent development; registration as a tool of control took on different meanings within the changing ecosystem of legal provisions. In the late eighteenth century, it was discussed as being directly embedded in the logic of master–servant regulation, a template that was borrowed from English law. In the late nineteenth century, it was increasingly seen as a proxy for formal means of regulation, although this viewpoint was not universally accepted. Charting this history of changing structures of inclusion and exclusion within the law, the article argues that overt policing of servants is a manifestation of the colonial legacy, in which the identity of the servant is fused with potential criminality.
The Active Ageing Index and policy making in Italy
Authors: Principi Andrea , Di Rosa Mirko , Domínguez-Rodríguez Antia , Varlamova Maria , Barbabella Francesco , Lamura Giovanni , Socci Marco 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlthough the active ageing concept generally has positive connotations, with expected benefits at the micro, meso and macro levels, the application of this concept in terms of policy making presents challenges and risks to be avoided (for instance, a predominantly productivist interpretation and a top-down imposition with limited possibilities for bottom-up exchanges; or a disregard for the risk of excluding older people with more disadvantaged backgrounds). Two crucial strategies to minimise risks are the implementation of policies by considering and respecting territorial diversity, and the involvement of all the relevant stakeholders in a participatory consultative and co-decisional approach. This paper entwines both strategies together by focusing on Italian in-country differences in terms of active ageing, and employing the Active Ageing Index for policy-making purposes. This activity is part of a governmental national pilot project aimed at promoting multilevel co-managed co-ordination of active ageing policies across Italy. The analysis identified five groups of regions that differ from the classical, geographic and socio-economic division between the North, Centre and South. Additional in-group analyses were conducted to investigate within-cluster differences. This study will inform a large multilevel stakeholder network for evidence-based policies and their monitoring at both the national and regional levels, in line with the perspective of mainstreaming ageing.
Early parental causal language input predicts children’s later causal verb understanding
Authors: AKTAN-ERCIYES Aslı , GÖKSUN Tilbe 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHow does parental causal input relate to children’s later comprehension of causal verbs? Causal constructions in verbs differ across languages. Turkish has both lexical and morphological causatives. We asked whether (1) parental causal language input varied for different types of play (guided vs. free play), (2) early parental causal language input predicted children’s causal verb understanding. Twenty-nine infants participated at three timepoints. Parents used lexical causatives more than morphological ones for guided-play for both timepoints, but for free-play, the same difference was only found at Time 2. For Time 3, children were tested on a verb comprehension and a vocabulary task. Morphological causative input, but not lexical causative input, during free-play predicted children’s causal verb comprehension. For guided-play, the same relation did not hold. Findings suggest a role of specific types of causal input on children’s understanding of causal verbs that are received in certain play contexts.
Pornographiekonsum in der Partnerschaft
Authors: Brun del Re Ursina , Hilpert Peter , Spahni Stefanie , Bodenmann Guy 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Um die Einflüsse des Pornographiekonsums auf die Partnerschaft zu verstehen, werden Daten zum Erleben des eigenen und partnerschaftlichen Konsums benötigt. Fragestellung: Diese Studie soll einen Überblick über Häufigkeit, Einstellung, Motivation und Konsequenzen des Pornographiekonsums bei heterosexuellen Paaren geben. Methode: In der Schweiz lebende 18- bis 60-jährige Männer und Frauen in einer mindestens einjährigen Beziehung ( N = 1’091) wurden anhand eines anonymen Online-Fragebogens befragt. Ergebnisse: Frauen konsumieren aufgrund geringeren Bedürfnisses weniger und seltener allein Pornographie als Männer. Männer konsumieren eher zum Spannungsabbau, aus Unzufriedenheit mit der gemeinsamen Sexualität, eher heimlich, mit schlechtem Gewissen und zum Missfallen ihrer Frauen. Frauen konsumieren mit gutem Gefühl und von ihren Männern befürwortet. Schlussfolgerungen: Geschlechtsunterschiede beim Pornographiekonsum in der Partnerschaft geben für ein gewisses Konfliktpotential Anlass. Bei entsprechender Beratung und positiverer Einstellung kann der Konsum durchaus positive Wirkung auf die gemeinsame Sexualität haben.
Wie ist die Lage in Einrichtungen für frühkindliche Regulationsstörungen in Deutschland?
Authors: Schnatschmidt Marisa , Cattarius Barbara , Schneider Barbara , Jud Andreas , Schlarb Angelika A. 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Frühkindliche Regulationsprobleme stehen in Verbindung mit Schlafproblemen und unsicherem Elternverhalten. Störungsspezifische Behandlungsansätze sind vielfältig und unterscheiden sich deutlich hinsichtlich Qualität und Evidenzgrad. Fragestellung: Häufigkeiten von Schlafproblemen, elterliche Unsicherheiten, therapeutisch / beraterische Grundorientierungen und Konzepte werden erfasst und Unterschiede zwischen Einrichtungsarten untersucht. Methode: Die Umfrage wurde mit interdisziplinären Experten entwickelt. Eine deutschlandweite Datenbank (622 Einrichtungen) mit einer finalen Stichprobe von N = 160 wurde erstellt. Ergebnisse: Schlafprobleme gelten als häufigster Anmeldegrund (59 %), unsicheres Erziehungsverhalten als mehrheitlich relevant (66 %). Über 16 Behandlungskonzepte werden angewandt; je nach Einrichtungsart eher systemische ( d = 0.5), körperorientierte ( d = 0.5) oder somatisch-medizinische ( d = 0.7) Verfahren. Schlussfolgerung: Die schlafspezifische Expertise der Fachkräfte sollte gesichert sowie Transparenz und Überprüfbarkeit von Qualitätsstandards weiterentwickelt werden.
Distant Formation and Differentiation of Outer Main Belt Asteroids and Carbonaceous Chondrite Parent Bodies
Authors: Kurokawa H. , Shibuya T. , Sekine Y. , Ehlmann B. L. , Usui F. , Kikuchi S. , Yoda M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractVolatile compositions of asteroids provide information on the Solar System history and the origins of Earth's volatiles. Visible to near‐infrared observations at wavelengths of <2.5 µm have suggested a genetic link between outer main belt asteroids located at 2.5–4 au and carbonaceous chondrite meteorites (CCs) that show isotopic similarities to volatile elements on Earth. However, recent longer wavelength data for large outer main belt asteroids show 3.1 μm absorption features of ammoniated phyllosilicates that are absent in CCs and cannot easily form from materials stable at those present distances. Here, by combining data collected by the AKARI space telescope and hydrological, geochemical, and spectral models of water‐rock reactions, we show that the surface materials of asteroids having 3.1 μm absorption features and CCs can originate from different regions of a single, water‐rock‐differentiated parent body. Ammoniated phyllosilicates form within the water‐rich mantles of the differentiated bodies containing NH3 and CO2 under high water‐rock ratios (>4) and low temperatures (<70°C). CCs can originate from the rock‐dominated cores, that are likely to be preferentially sampled as meteorites by disruption and transport processes. Our results suggest that multiple large main belt asteroids formed beyond the NH3 and CO2 snow lines (currently >10 au) and could be transported to their current locations. Earth's high hydrogen to carbon ratio may be explained by accretion of these water‐rich progenitors.
Low‐Latitude Zonal Ion Drifts and Their Relationship With Subauroral Polarization Streams and Auroral Return Flows During Intense Magnetic Storms
Authors: Huang Chao‐Song , Zhang Yongliang , Wang Wenbin , Lin Dong , Wu Qian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe analyze horizontal plasma drifts measured by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program satellites during two intense magnetic storms. It is found, for the first time, that westward plasma flows associated with subauroral polarization streams (SAPS) in the dusk‐evening sector penetrate continuously to equatorial latitudes. The westward ion drifts between subauroral and equatorial latitudes occur nearly simultaneously. The latitudinal profile of the westward ion drifts at low latitudes (approximately within ±30° magnetic latitude [MLat]) is relatively flat, and the westward ion drifts at the magnetic equator reach 200–300 m s−1. In the dawn‐morning sector, eastward ion drifts at subauroral latitudes are also SAPS. The storm‐time dawnside auroral boundary moves to ∼±55° MLat, and the dawnside SAPS penetrate to ∼±20° MLat at 0930 local time. A dawnside SAPS flow channel appears to exist, although it is not as well defined as the duskside SAPS flow channel. Thermospheric wind data measured by the Challenging Minisatellite Payload satellite are analyzed, and zonal disturbance winds are derived. Disturbance winds can reach equatorial latitudes rapidly near midnight but are limited to ±40° geographic latitude or higher near noon. The effects of disturbance winds on the zonal ion drifts at middle and low latitudes are discussed. It is suggested that both the westward ion drifts at middle and low latitudes in the dusk‐evening sector and the eastward ion drifts at middle and lower latitudes in the dawn‐morning sector are caused primarily by penetration of the SAPS and auroral electric fields.
Hierarchical Exploration of Continuous Seismograms With Unsupervised Learning
Authors: Steinmann René , Seydoux Léonard , Beaucé Éric , Campillo Michel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractContinuous seismograms contain a wealth of information with a large variety of signals with different origin. Identifying these signals is a crucial step in understanding physical geological objects. We propose a strategy to identify classes of signals in continuous single‐station seismograms in an unsupervised fashion. Our strategy relies on extracting meaningful waveform features based on a deep scattering network combined with an independent component analysis. Based on the extracted features, agglomerative clustering then groups these waveforms in a hierarchical fashion and reveals the process of clustering in a dendrogram. We use the dendrogram to explore the seismic data and identify different classes of signals. To test our strategy, we investigate a two‐day‐long seismogram collected in the vicinity of the North Anatolian Fault, Turkey. We analyze the automatically inferred clusters' occurrence rate, spectral characteristics, cluster size, and waveform and envelope characteristics. At a low level in the cluster hierarchy, we obtain three clusters related to anthropogenic and ambient seismic noise and one cluster related to earthquake activity. At a high level in the cluster hierarchy, we identify a seismic burst that includes around 200 events with similar waveforms and high‐frequent signals with correlating envelopes and an anthropogenic origin. The application shows that the cluster hierarchy helps to identify particular families of signals and to extract subclusters for further analysis. This is valuable when certain types of signals, such as earthquakes, are under‐represented in the data. The proposed method may also successfully discover new types of signals since it is entirely data‐driven.
Object‐Based Evaluation of Precipitation Systems in Convection‐Permitting Regional Climate Simulation Over Eastern China
Authors: Guo Ziyue , Tang Jianping , Tang Jie , Wang Shuguang , Yang Yubin , Luo Wei , Fang Juan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBased on an object‐based tracking (OT) algorithm, the precipitation systems in the convection‐permitting (CP, ∼4 km) regional climate model (RCM) are evaluated from the Lagrangian viewpoints. The characteristics of precipitation systems over eastern China during 1998–2007 derived from the CP RCM are compared with the satellite‐derived precipitation data set CMORPH. It is found that, with the cumulus parameterization switched off and reasonable representation of complex terrain, the precipitation systems in the CP RCM can propagate in the same direction as observation, but CP RCM tends to under‐/overpredict the precipitation systems with slow/fast propagation speed. Nevertheless, CP RCM can reasonably capture the average duration and eccentricity of all precipitation systems. The major deficiency in CP RCM is that the simulated precipitation systems are significantly weaker with larger coverage area. Over‐/underrepresentation of precipitation systems driven by large‐scale circulations/intense thunderstorms in CP RCM leads to wet and dry biases in the total precipitation of the longer‐duration (≥48 hr) and shorter‐duration (<48 hr) systems, respectively. It is suggested that assessment of the lifecycles of propagating precipitation systems in the Lagrangian framework is complementary to the traditional point‐to‐point Eulerian validation method.
Multi‐Instrument Investigation of the Impact of the Space Weather Events of 6–10 September 2017
Authors: Amaechi Paul O. , Akala Andrew O. , Oyedokun Johnson O. , Simi K. G. , Aghogho O. , Oyeyemi Elijah O. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe analyzed the space weather events of 6–10 September 2017 using the multi‐instrument approach. We focused on the four X‐class flares which emanated from the Active Region AR 12673 and the Ground Induced Currents hazard associated with the geomagnetic storm of 7–8 September 2017. The flare effect on the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) recorded on board the SWARM satellite and on the horizontal component of the geomagnetic field (H) records of ground‐based magnetometers was further examined. During the X2.2/X1.3 flares of 6/7 September, the maximum percentage Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) increase was 6.9%/5.0% in Dakar/Porto Velho. During the X9.3/X8.2 flare of 6/10 September it was 7.9%/18.8% in Ascension Island/Kourou. The strongest Solar Flare Effect occurred in Mbour and Kourou during the respective flare. However, the highest EEJ increase was observed during the X2.2 and X9.3 flares. Interestingly, the X.9.3 flare resulted in a stronger ionospheric response than the X8.2 flare. Furthermore, global TEC map showed a higher response in the African and South American longitude during the respective event. The total radio fade‐out lasted from 30 to 90 min at the Hermanus and Sao Luis ionosondes during the flares, while the risk level to critical ground infrastructures based on the geomagnetically induced currents hazard was very low risk. Our results highlight the potential GPS positioning errors induced by sudden increase in TEC and the loss of high‐frequency communication and GNSS navigation signals associated with these solar events.
Systematic review of centrifugal valving based on digital twin modeling towards highly integrated lab-on-a-disc systems
Authors: Ducrée Jens 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCurrent, application-driven trends towards larger-scale integration (LSI) of microfluidic systems for comprehensive assay automation and multiplexing pose significant technological and economical challenges to developers. By virtue of their intrinsic capability for powerful sample preparation, centrifugal systems have attracted significant interest in academia and business since the early 1990s. This review models common, rotationally controlled valving schemes at the heart of such “Lab-on-a-Disc” (LoaD) platforms to predict critical spin rates and reliability of flow control which mainly depend on geometries, location and liquid volumes to be processed, and their experimental tolerances. In absence of larger-scale manufacturing facilities during product development, the method presented here facilitates efficient simulation tools for virtual prototyping and characterization and algorithmic design optimization according to key performance metrics. This virtual in silico approach thus significantly accelerates, de-risks and lowers costs along the critical advancement from idea, layout, fluidic testing, bioanalytical validation, and scale-up to commercial mass manufacture.