bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deforestation, fires, and lack of governance are displacing thousands of jaguars in Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Menezes Jorge F. S. , Tortato Fernando R. , Oliveira‐Santos Luiz G. R. , Roque Fabio O. , Morato Ronaldo G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe rate of deforestation and the number of large wildfires are increasing in the Amazon. Illegal loggers, miners, ranchers, and farmers all have contributed to this increase. Their activities have dramatic consequences for biodiversity, ecological services, and people. In this study, we estimated the number of jaguars affected by deforestation. We focused on the Brazilian Amazon from August 2016 to December 2019. Further, we analyzed the effects of socio‐geographic determinants of deforestation and state policies. To do so, we used deforestation data from DETER‐B satellite system. The number of jaguars within each deforested area was pulled from a previous study, which provided jaguar abundances for jaguar entire range. We assumed all jaguars within a deforested area were affected (displaced or killed). To determine the underlying causes of jaguar loss, we regressed the number of jaguars lost per state and year against the proportion of total forest area within reserves, distance to forest border, and monetary efficiency in cattle production. We estimate a total of 1,422 jaguars have been displaced/killed in recent years (2016: 488, 2017: 360, 2018: 268, 2019: 354). Only the proportion of protected area had an effect in reducing jaguar deforestation. We discuss how our work could result in near real‐time monitoring of jaguar displacement and how policies such as wood certification, more efficient cattle production, and centralizing governance may be solutions.
Everyday music in infancy
Authors: Mendoza Jennifer K. , Fausey Caitlin M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInfants enculturate to their soundscape over the first year of life, yet theories of how they do so rarely make contact with details about the sounds available in everyday life. Here, we report on properties of a ubiquitous early ecology in which foundational skills get built: music. We captured daylong recordings from 35 infants ages 6–12 months at home and fully double‐coded 467 h of everyday sounds for music and its features, tunes, and voices. Analyses of this first‐of‐its‐kind corpus revealed two distributional properties of infants’ everyday musical ecology. First, infants encountered vocal music in over half, and instrumental in over three‐quarters, of everyday music. Live sources generated one‐third, and recorded sources three‐quarters, of everyday music. Second, infants did not encounter each individual tune and voice in their day equally often. Instead, the most available identity cumulated to many more seconds of the day than would be expected under a uniform distribution. These properties of everyday music in human infancy are different from what is discoverable in environments highly constrained by context (e.g., laboratories) and time (e.g., minutes rather than hours). Together with recent insights about the everyday motor, language, and visual ecologies of infancy, these findings reinforce an emerging priority to build theories of development that address the opportunities and challenges of real input encountered by real learners.
New thinking about old ways: Cultural continuity for improved mental health of young Central Australian Aboriginal men
Authors: Liddle Joel , Langton Marcia , Rose James W.W. , Rice Simon 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDecades of reports and policy have drawn attention to the significant social and occupational impairment of many young Aboriginal men in Central Australia. However, the role of mental ill‐health as a contributing factor to this impairment, and culturally appropriate intervention targets have received insufficient attention in the psychiatry literature. Despite having the worst health outcomes of any population in Australia, Aboriginal men chronically underuse primary health care services. It's proposed that interventions ensuring cultural continuity through Identity‐strengthening with a particular focus on positive Aboriginal masculinities will address a critical mental health gap for young men. In Central Australian and broader Indigenous populations, tangible and measurable kinship, language, religious and economic (KLRE) activities are catalytic vehicles for restoring traditional knowledge that suffer ongoing pressures as a result of colonization and assimilationist Government policy. By transforming KLRE knowledge content from ethnographic archives, these culturally rich repositories may be utilized to create education and engagement materials that will support young Aboriginal men's efforts to obtain and maintain positive mental health. This proposal focuses on building resilience through the acquisition of KLRE knowledge which young Aboriginal men can utilize as resources for enhancing positive identity and mental health outcomes.
Childhood trauma, the stress response and metabolic syndrome: A focus on DNA methylation
Authors: Womersley Jacqueline S. , Nothling Jani , Toikumo Sylvanus , Malan‐Müller Stefanie , van den Heuvel Leigh L. , McGregor Nathaniel W. , Seedat Soraya , Hemmings Sîan M. J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChildhood trauma (CT) is well established as a potent risk factor for the development of mental disorders. However, the potential of adverse early experiences to exert chronic and profound effects on physical health, including aberrant metabolic phenotypes, has only been more recently explored. Among these consequences is metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is characterised by at least three of five related cardiometabolic traits: hypertension, insulin resistance/hyperglycaemia, raised triglycerides, low high‐density lipoprotein and central obesity. The deleterious effects of CT on health outcomes may be partially attributable to dysregulation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis, which coordinates the response to stress, and the consequent fostering of a pro‐inflammatory environment. Epigenetic tags, such as DNA methylation, which are sensitive to environmental influences provide a means whereby the effects of CT can be biologically embedded and persist into adulthood to affect health and well‐being. The methylome regulates the transcription of genes involved in the stress response, metabolism and inflammation. This narrative review examines the evidence for DNA methylation in CT and MetS in order to identify shared neuroendocrine and immune correlates that may mediate the increased risk of MetS following CT exposure. Our review specifically highlights differential methylation of FKBP5, the gene that encodes FK506‐binding protein 51 and has pleiotropic effects on stress responding, inflammation and energy metabolism, as a central candidate to understand the molecular aetiology underlying CT‐associated MetS risk.
Avoiding artifacts when varying the number of species in ecological models
Authors: Moisset de Espanés Pablo , Ramos‐Jiliberto Rodrigo , Soto José A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEcological theory recognizes the importance of the variety of species for maintaining the functioning of ecosystems and their derived services. We assert that when studying the effects of shifts in biodiversity levels using mathematical models, their dynamics must be sensitive to the variety of species traits but not to raw species numbers, a property that we call order–invariance. We present a testing procedure for verifying order–invariance of ecological network models —with or without trait adaptation— expressed as ODEs. Furthermore, we applied our test to several influential models used for evaluating biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning. In most of the surveyed studies the equations failed our test. This raises doubts about the validity of previous results and calls for revisiting the theory derived from these studies. Our results foster the creation of artifact–free models, a necessary step towards building a more robust theory of biodiversity–driven ecosystem functioning.
Can the native faunal communities be restored from removal of invasive plants in coastal ecosystems? A global meta‐analysis
Authors: Ning Zhonghua , Chen Cong , Xie Tian , Zhu Zhenchang , Wang Qing , Cui Baoshan , Bai Junhong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCoastal ecosystems worldwide are being threatened by invasive plants in the context of global changes. However, how invasive plants influence native faunal communities and whether native faunal communities can recover following the invader removals/controls across global coastal ecosystems are still poorly understood. Here, we present the first global meta‐analysis to quantify the impacts of Spartina species invasions on coastal faunal communities and further to evaluate the outcomes of Spartina species removals on faunal community recovery based on 74 independent studies. We found that invasive Spartina species generally decreased the biodiversity (e.g., species richness), but increased coastal faunal abundance (e.g., individual number) and fitness (e.g., biomass), though the effect on abundance was insignificant. The pattern of influence was strongly dependent on habitat types, faunal taxa, trophic levels, and feeding types. Specifically, Spartina species invasion of mudflats caused greater impacts than invasion of vegetated habitats. Insects and birds at higher trophic levels were strongly affected by invasive Spartina, indicating that invasive plant effects can cascade upward along the food chain. Additionally, impacts of Spartina invasions were more obvious on food specialists such as herbivores and carnivores. Furthermore, our analyses revealed that invader removals were overall beneficial for native faunal communities to recover from the displacement caused by Spartina invasions, but this recovery process depended on specific removal measure and time. For example, the long‐term waterlogging had strong negative impacts on faunal recovery, so it should not be encouraged. Our findings suggest that invasive plants could have contrasting effects on functional responses of native faunal communities. Although invasive plant removals could restore native faunal communities, future functional restorations of invaded ecosystems should take the legacy effects of invasive species on native communities into account. These findings provide insightful implications for future scientific controls of invasive species and ecosystem restoration under intensifying global changes.
Vertical Hydraulic Gradient Estimation in Clay Till, Using MiHPT Advanced Direct‐Push Technology
Authors: Rosenberg Louise , Broholm Mette M. , Tuxen Nina , Kerrn‐Jespersen Ida Henriette , Lilbæk Gro , Bjerg Poul L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe vertical transport of contaminants from source areas is employed in many risk assessment models and screening tools in order to estimate the contaminant mass discharge (CMD) into underlying aquifers. The key parameters for estimating CMD are the contaminant source area and concentration, and the vertical water flux, the latter of which depends on the vertical hydraulic conductivity and the vertical hydraulic gradient in the subsurface. This study focuses on advancing the use of the combined membrane interface probe hydraulic profiling tool (MiHPT) to investigate the vertical hydraulic gradient across a clay till overlying a sandy aquifer at a contaminated site in Denmark. Only the HPT is necessary for the estimate of vertical hydraulic gradient. The hydraulic head, clay till thickness, and resulting vertical hydraulic gradients found using the MiHPT compared well with observations from nearby nested wells. The parameter with the largest discrepancy was the thickness of the clay till. The advantage of the MiHPT is its relatively quick depth discrete access to information regarding subsurface permeability, vertical hydraulic gradients and contaminant distribution across a site. In this case study, performance of additional dissipationtests during the HPT log to acquire determination of the vertical hydraulic gradient increased the cost by 3% compared to standard HPT logs.
Effect of enzymatic treatments and microfiltration on the physicochemical quality parameters of feijoa (Acca sellowiana) juice
Authors: Schmidt Helena de Oliveira , Rockett Fernanda Camboim , Ebert Giovana , Sartori Giliani Veloso , Rezzadori Katia , Rodrigues Rafael Costa , Rios Alessandro de Oliveira , Manfroi Vitor 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFeijoa fruit (Acca Sellowiana) has a short postharvest period, thus, processing is usually an alternative. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of three different commercial enzyme preparations in the extraction of feijoa juice in the yield and quality parameters. The juices with Pectinex®, Lallzyme® and Rohapect® were evaluated under three different concentrations (1, 5 and 10 U mL−1) before and after the pulping process. The samples were valued for total soluble solids, pH, reducing sugars, titratable acidity and colour. The juice that showed the most promise was evaluated for the microfiltration stage and rheological behaviour and particle size distribution were measured. The three treatments with Pectinex had an increase in juice yield in 43, 55 and 60%, while the samples with enzymes Lallzyme and Rohapect had no increase in yield compared to the control. All the tested enzymes had a positive impact on the colour of the juice, improving the colour parameters. The microfiltered juice had a behaviour index value of 1,091, indicating Newtonian behaviour. The fresh juice showed values below one (0.2178), indicating a non‐Newtonian and typically pseudoplastic behaviour. Among three enzymes used, Pectinex® showed the better results for physical–chemical parameters for extraction of feijoa juice.
Impaired metabolic health over‐time and high abdominal fat are prospectively associated with high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein in children: The IDEFICS study
Authors: González‐Gil Esther M. , Moreno Luis A. , Nappo Annunziata , Santabárbara Javier , Wolters Maike , Russo Paola , De Henauw Stefaan , Veidebaum Toomas , Molnar Denes , Hunsberger Monica , Fraterman Arno , Iacoviello Licia , Tornaritis Michael , Ahrens Wolfgang , Bel‐Serrat Silvia ,   on behalf the IDEFICS consortium
Published: June 2021

SummaryBackgroundMetabolic risk and inflammatory state have an early life onset and are associated with future diseases.ObjectivesTo assess the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and metabolic health with high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein (hsCRP), cross‐sectionally and longitudinally, in children.Methods2913 European children (2‐10 years) from eight countries from the IDEFICS study were investigated. Data were collected at baseline and 2 years later (follow‐up). A MetS z‐score was computed with waist circumference (WC), insulin resistance index, blood pressure, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. Metabolically unhealthy (MU) status was assessed. Multi‐level linear and logistic regressions were performed.ResultsAmong the MetS markers, WC was more consistently associated with hsCRP cross‐sectional and prospectively. Baseline MetS score was significantly associated with greater risk of high hsCRP at follow‐up and with prevalence and incidence of hsCRP. Those children who became MU overtime were significantly (P < .05) associated with future higher levels of hsCRP, independently of weight status at baseline.ConclusionsTransition over time to a MU state was associated with higher levels of hsCRP at follow‐up, independent of weight status at baseline. Screening of metabolic factors and routine measurement of WC are needed to prevent inflammatory status and related chronic diseases in children.
The Moral Distress‐Appraisal Scale: Scale development and validation study
Authors: Baele Céline A. , Fontaine Johnny R. J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsMoral distress—arising when one is constrained from moral action—has been receiving increased attention in nursing research. The phenomenon is associated with negative outcomes and is shown to impact a broad range of healthcare professions. The context‐specific nature of existing measures, however, makes it difficult, if not impossible, to compare the prevalence and impact of moral distress across nursing settings and healthcare professions. This study presents an appraisal approach to the assessment of moral distress. The aims of this study were to develop and to investigate the reliability and validity of the Moral Distress‐Appraisal Scale as a context‐independent assessment instrument for moral distress.DesignThis is a cross‐sectional correlational validation study.MethodsBetween September 2018 and June 2019, a total of 406 healthcare employees (mainly nurses) completed a quantitative survey consisting of a standard moral distress measure (Moral Distress Scale‐Revised) and the Moral Distress‐Appraisal Scale. A subsample (n = 164) received extra questions on work characteristics, well‐being and attitudinal outcomes. Confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson correlations and regression analyses were conducted in order to evaluate the psychometric properties of the newly developed scale.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis provided evidence for the predicted structure of the 8‐item Moral Distress‐Appraisal Scale. As expected, the scale is positively correlated with the Moral Distress Scale‐Revised and with job demands, burnout, depressive symptoms, and turnover intentions and negatively with job resources and job satisfaction. Furthermore, the scale showed incremental validity in predicting wellbeing and attitudinal outcomes above and beyond both known predictive work characteristics and the Moral Distress Scale‐Revised.ConclusionThis study provides first empirical evidence for the reliability and validity of the Moral Distress‐Appraisal Scale.ImpactThe Moral Distress‐Appraisal Scale can be used across healthcare professions and contexts. The proposed appraisal approach may facilitate integration of the scale into occupational health research and practice.
Secondary prevention of coronary heart disease: The effect of a nursing intervention using Cox's interaction model of client health behaviour
Authors: Shen Qianqian , He Pingping , Wen Min , Yu Juping , Chen Yeshi , Li Junyi , Ouyang Xinping 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsSecondary prevention of coronary heart disease is of utmost importance to facilitate people to achieve health outcomes and behaviours. This study was to investigate the effect of a nursing intervention based on Cox's interaction model of client health behaviour to improve health outcomes and behaviours of secondary prevention of coronary heart disease.DesignThis study is a cluster randomised controlled trial.MethodsParticipants were recruited between August and November 2019 in two community settings in Hengyang city, Hunan province, China. Participants in the intervention group received a nursing intervention based on Cox's interaction model of client health behaviour and routine health education, while those in the control group received routine health education only. The outcome variables included self‐management, physical activity, medication compliance, anxiety, sexual knowledge, the ability to identify sexual health education needs, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C). The influential statistical tests applied to analyse the data included χ2 tests and t tests.ResultsSeventy‐seven participants completed this study. Compared with the control group (n = 40), the intervention group (n = 37) showed statistically significant better health outcomes and behaviours regarding self‐management, physical activity (except for high energy consumption), medication compliance, anxiety, sexual knowledge, the ability to identify sexual health education needs, systolic blood pressure, BMI, and LDL‐C. However, there was no statistically significant difference in diastolic blood pressure and high energy consumption for physical activity.ConclusionA well‐developed nursing intervention based on Cox's interaction model of client health behaviour could successfully improve health outcomes and behaviours of secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Such an intervention may be incorporated into community healthcare practice by nurses to improve patient care.ImpactThis study provides a valuable insight to facilitate further development of effective nursing interventions to improve secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in community settings.
Clinical and self‐reported oral conditions and quality of life in the 1982 Pelotas birth cohort
Authors: Nascimento Gustavo G. , Goettems Marília L. , Schertel Cassiano Luisa , Horta Bernardo L. , Demarco Flávio F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate and compare the effects of clinical and self‐perceived oral conditions on oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) among young adults.Materials and methodsAdults enrolled in the 1982 Pelotas birth cohort were included in this study. OHRQoL was assessed by the Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14) instrument. Clinical parameters such as dental caries, periodontitis, aesthetics, and occlusal characteristics, and tongue coating were collected through clinical evaluation, while dental anxiety and halitosis were self‐reported. Direct and indirect effects of clinical and self‐perceived oral conditions on OHRQoL were assessed using structural equation modelling.ResultsFive‐hundred and thirty‐nine individuals participated in this study. Dental caries (β = 0.12) and periodontitis (β = 0.11) were directly and indirectly (via halitosis, β = 0.05 for periodontitis only) associated with greater OHIP‐14 scores, while the other clinical conditions did not influence the OHIP‐14 scores. Dental anxiety and halitosis were also associated with higher OHIP‐14 scores (β = 0.31 and β = 0.27, respectively).ConclusionsThis study found a positive association between clinically diagnosed and self‐reported oral conditions and OHRQoL; however, the self‐reported conditions had a higher impact on OHRQoL.
Reverse transcription loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (RT‐LAMP) combined with colorimetric gold nanoparticle (AuNP) probe assay for visual detection of tilapia lake virus (TiLV) in Nile and red hybrid tilapia
Authors: Kampeera Jantana , Dangtip Sirintip , Suvannakad Rapheephat , Khumwan Pakapreud , Senapin Saengchan , Kiatpathomchai Wansika 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTilapia is one of the major aquaculture species with a global economic significance. Despite a high scale of production worldwide, mortality in many tilapia cultures has recently become a problem concerned with not only intensive farming but also the prevalence of infectious pathogens. Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) has emerged as a serious single‐stranded RNA disease agent that thus far has continued to cause a number of incidences across the continents. Conventional PCR‐based molecular detection techniques, despite having high sensitivity for TiLV, are not best suited for the onsite identification of infected fish mainly due to their requirement of laboratory resources and extended assay turnaround time. To address this practical limitation, we have developed a novel colorimetric assay based on reverse transcription–loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (RT‐LAMP) and gold nanoparticle (AuNP)‐labelled oligonucleotide reporter probe targeting the viral genomic segment 9 that enables the assay to be completed within an hour. This technique has been shown to be compatible with a rapid nucleic extraction method that does not demand centrifugation steps or any benchtop laboratory equipment. When validated with field‐acquired tilapia samples, our RT‐LAMP‐AuNP assay exhibited a near‐perfect agreement with the semi‐nested RT‐PCR assay recommended by OIE with Cohen's κ coefficient of .869, yet requiring significantly less time to perform.