bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening Gait Performance, Falls, and Physical Activity among Benedictine and Trappist Monks
Authors: Klima Dennis W. , Davey Adam 
Published: February 2021

Background and Objective: Physical performance in older men has been reported in analyses with veterans and in disease-based cohort research. Studies examining gait performance among older monks, however, are narrow. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of a recent fall on gait ability in a cohort of Benedictine and Trappist monks in 4 US monastic communities. The second aim was to analyze physical activity and a recent fall as predictive markers of 2 constructs of gait performance. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 53 Benedictine and Trappist monks over 60 ( x = 74.7 ± 7.6; range: 61-94 years) completed a basic sociodemographic and fall history profile, the Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test, Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) and the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE). Results: Demographic profiles revealed that 10% of participants had fallen over the past 3 months; in addition, those who had fallen were more likely to limit activities because of fear of falling ( P = .005). Monks who had fallen over the past 3 months demonstrated significantly poorer TUG (12.6 ± 2.1 vs 10.5 ± 1.8; P = .01) and DGI (17.2 ± 5.3 vs 22.3 ± 2.3; P < .001) scores. There was a significant association between physical activity and both the TUG (–0.55; P < .001) and DGI (64; P < .001). Multiple regression models demonstrated that physical activity and a fall in the past 3 months predicted 24% of the variance in the TUG ( P < .001) and 46% of the variance in the DGI ( P < .001). Conclusions: Gait performance is linked to a recent fall episode among older monks. Predictive determinants of functional mobility (TUG) and superimposing tasks on the gait cycle (DGI) include recent fall history and physical activity. Appropriate health promotion activities can be aligned with these lifestyle attributes in monastic communities.
Decreased Prescribing of Postoperative Opioids in Pediatric ACL Reconstruction: Treatment Trends at a Single Center
Authors: Malige Ajith , Bram Joshua T. , Maguire Kathleen J. , McNeely Lia W. , Ganley Theodore J. , Williams Brendan A. 
Published: February 2021

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is common in the pediatric population. Pain control after ACL reconstruction (ACLR) presents a unique challenge due to age and early rehabilitation needs. Pain management practices are believed to have evolved in recent years to limit unnecessary exposure to risks associated with opioid use in this vulnerable population. Purpose: To describe trends in postoperative opioid prescribing and assess factors including obtaining consent for opioid prescribing for minors that may have mitigated excessive prescription of opioids. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This is a retrospective review of a consecutive series of pediatric patients (<18 years) undergoing primary ACLR within an urban academic hospital system over a 5-year period (2014-2018). The study period included the gradual introduction of preoperative consenting for opioid use in minors as mandated by state law in 2016. Patient characteristics, surgical details, presence of a signed consent form to prescribe opioid medications, prescribed postoperative medications, prescriber, and indicators of inadequate pain control were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine factors associated with reduced postoperative opioid prescribing. Results: This study included 687 patients with a mean age of 15.1 ± 1.9 years, with less than one-third of patients having preoperative consent forms to prescribe opioid medications. Postoperative prescribing trends demonstrated a decline in the number of opioid doses provided and increased utilization of nonopioid medications. Patients who received preoperative opioid counseling and signed a consent form were prescribed fewer opioids and had a smaller number of unscheduled contacts for poorly controlled pain. Univariate analyses identified multiple predictors of the number of opioid doses prescribed postoperatively. Obtaining preoperative consent to prescribe opioids and ambulatory surgery center location were found to be independent predictors of prescribed doses in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion: The quantity of opioid medication prescribed for pain management after pediatric ACLR at our institution has declined in recent years. This appears to be, in part, related to state-mandated preoperative counseling about opioid use, signing of a consent form by the parent(s) or guardian(s) to prescribe opioids to minors, and encouragement toward the use of nonopioid medications when possible. Preoperative opioid use discussions in the pediatric population may be useful in reducing opioid overprescription and utilization in this population.
A study on East-Asian designations of  pufferfish
Authors: Kwak Hyun-suk 
Published: February 2021

In ancient Korea, pufferfish were called “복” or “복어,” whereas they have been called “hétún” (河豚) since the Ming dynasty in China, and were called “fugu” in ancient Japan. Since the introduction of the Chinese term “hétún” (河豚) into Korean and Japanese, pufferfish in Korea, China, and Japan have all been named “河豚.” Besides “하돈” (the Korean pronunciation of 河豚), pufferfish have been given various designations, such as the following: “후태” (鯸鮐) or “반어” (斑魚) based upon body patterns; “후이” (鯸鮧)” or “호이” (鰗鮧) by shape; and  “기포어” (氣泡魚), “취두어” (吹肚魚), and “布久” by the look of its swollen belly. Other designations, such as “검돈” (黔魨), “작돈” (鵲魨), “활돈” (滑魨), “とらふぐ,” “からす,” and “ヒガンフグ,” were derived from pufferfish species, and designations like “진어” (嗔鱼) and “てっぽう” that originated from their habit also exist. As above, “복어” has various designations in each of the three countries, Korea, China, and Japan. These designations, composed of Chinese characters, influenced the others, and each country and ethnic group helped to form or transform new vocabularies. In particular, numerous terms concerning object designations in the forms of Chinese characters reveal hidden definitions of the ethnic groups and cultures in these designations. This study is focused on puffer designations in Korea, China, and Japan, how the puffer was named in each country from ancient through to modern times, and where the designations originated, and tries to determine the characteristics of each country’s puffer designations through investigation of the species and types of “pufferfish.”
Unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis: inspiratory muscles, breathlessness and exercise capacity
Authors: Caleffi Pereira Mayra , Cardenas Letícia Z. , Ferreira Jeferson G. , Iamonti Vinícius C. , Santana Pauliane Vieira , Apanavicius André , Caruso Pedro , Fernandez Angelo , de Carvalho Carlos R.R. , Langer Daniel , de Albuquerque André L.P. 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundPatients with unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis (UDP) may present with dyspnoea without specific cause and limited ability to exercise. We aimed to investigate the diaphragm contraction mechanisms and nondiaphragmatic inspiratory muscle activation during exercise in patients with UDP, compared with healthy individuals.MethodsPulmonary function, as well as volitional and nonvolitional inspiratory muscle strength were evaluated in 35 patients and in 20 healthy subjects. Respiratory pressures and electromyography of scalene and sternocleidomastoid muscles were continuously recorded during incremental maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing until symptom limitation. Dyspnoea was assessed at rest, every 2 min during exercise and at the end of exercise with a modified Borg scale.Main resultsInspiratory muscle strength measurements were significantly lower for patients in comparison to controls (all p<0.05). Patients achieved lower peak of exercise (lower oxygen consumption) compared to controls, with both gastric (−9.8±4.6 cmH2Oversus8.9±6.0 cmH2O) and transdiaphragmatic (6.5±5.5 cmH2Oversus26.9±10.9 cmH2O) pressures significantly lower, along with larger activation of both scalene (40±22% EMGmaxversus18±14% EMGmax) and sternocleidomastoid (34±22% EMGmaxversus14±8% EMGmax). In addition, the paralysis group presented significant differences in breathing pattern during exercise (lower tidal volume and higher respiratory rate) with more dyspnoea symptoms compared to the control group.ConclusionThe paralysis group presented with exercise limitation accompanied by impairment in transdiaphragmatic pressure generation and larger accessory inspiratory muscles activation compared to controls, thereby contributing to a neuromechanical dissociation and increased dyspnoea perception.
Development and validation of a novel circular RNA as an independent prognostic factor in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Wang Jinghan , Pan Jiajia , Huang Shujuan , Li Fenglin , Huang Jiansong , Li Xia , Ling Qing , Ye Wenle , Wang Yungui , Yu Wenjuan , Jin Jie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Although there are many clinical and molecular biomarkers in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the novel and reliable biomarkers are still required to predict the overall survival at the time of disease diagnosis.

Methods
In order to identify independent predictors, we firstly selected 60 cytogenetically normal AML (CN-AML) patients using the propensity score analysis to balance the confounders and performed circular RNA (circRNA) sequencing. Next, one outcome related to circRNA was selected and validated in the independent cohort of 218 CN-AML patients. We then constructed circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulated network and performed cellular metabolomic analysis to decipher the underlying biological insights.

Results
We identified 308 circRNAs as independent candidate predictors of overall survival. Hsa_circ_0075451 expression was validated as an independent predictor with a weak predictive ability for overall survival. The regulated network of this circular RNA indicated 84 hub genes that appear to be regulated by 10 miRNAs sponged by hsa_circ_0075451. The regulatory axis of hsa_circ_0075451 -| miR-330-5p/miR-326 -| PRDM16 was validated by the dual luciferase report assay, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and ShRNA interference assay.

Conclusions
Our data demonstrates that hsa_circ_0075451 expression may independently contribute to the poor prognosis of AML and present a novel therapeutic target.
Fluoxetine regulates eEF2 activity (phosphorylation) via HDAC1 inhibitory mechanism in an LPS-induced mouse model of depression
Authors: Li Weifen , Ali Tahir , Zheng Chengyou , Liu Zizhen , He Kaiwu , Shah Fawad Ali , Ren Qingguo , Rahman Shafiq Ur , Li Ningning , Yu Zhi-Jian , Li Shupeng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Selective serotonin reuptaker inhibitors, including fluoxetine, are widely studied and prescribed antidepressants, while their exact molecular and cellular mechanism are yet to be defined. We investigated the involvement of HDAC1 and eEF2 in the antidepressant mechanisms of fluoxetine using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression-like behavior model.

Methods
For in vivo analysis, mice were treated with LPS (2 mg/kg BW), fluoxetine (20 mg/kg BW), HDAC1 activator (Exifone: 54 mg/kg BW) and NH125 (1 mg/kg BW). Depressive-like behaviors were confirmed via behavior tests including OFT, FST, SPT, and TST. Cytokines were measured by ELISA while Iba-1 and GFAP expression were determined by immunofluorescence. Further, the desired gene expression was measured by immunoblotting. For in vitro analysis, BV2 cell lines were cultured; treated with LPS, exifone, and fluoxetine; collected; and analyzed.

Results
Mice treated with LPS displayed depression-like behaviors, pronounced neuroinflammation, increased HDAC1 expression, and reduced eEF2 activity, as accompanied by altered synaptogenic factors including BDNF, SNAP25, and PSD95. Fluoxetine treatment exhibited antidepressant effects and ameliorated the molecular changes induced by LPS. Exifone, a selective HDAC1 activator, reversed the antidepressant and anti-inflammatory effects of fluoxetine both in vivo and in vitro, supporting a causing role of HDAC1 in neuroinflammation allied depression. Further molecular mechanisms underlying HDAC1 were explored with NH125, an eEF2K inhibitor, whose treatment reduced immobility time, altered pro-inflammatory cytokines, and NLRP3 expression. Moreover, NH125 treatment enhanced eEF2 and GSK3β activities, BDNF, SNAP25, and PSD95 expression, but had no effects on HDAC1.

Conclusions
Our results showed that the antidepressant effects of fluoxetine may involve HDAC1-eEF2 related neuroinflammation and synaptogenesis.
Isolating the energetic and mechanical consequences of imposed reductions in ankle and knee flexion during gait
Authors: McCain Emily M. , Libera Theresa L. , Berno Matthew E. , Sawicki Gregory S. , Saul Katherine R. , Lewek Michael D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Weakness of ankle and knee musculature following injury or disorder results in reduced joint motion associated with metabolically expensive gait compensations to enable limb support and advancement. However, neuromechanical coupling between the ankle and knee make it difficult to discern independent roles of these restrictions in joint motion on compensatory mechanics and metabolic penalties.

Methods
We sought to determine relative impacts of ankle and knee impairment on compensatory gait strategies and energetic outcomes using an unimpaired cohort (N = 15) with imposed unilateral joint range of motion restrictions as a surrogate for reduced motion resulting from gait pathology. Participants walked on a dual-belt instrumented treadmill at 0.8 m s−1 using a 3D printed ankle stay and a knee brace to systematically limit ankle motion (restricted-ank), knee motion (restricted-knee), and ankle and knee motion (restricted-a + k) simultaneously. In addition, participants walked without any ankle or knee bracing (control) and with knee bracing worn but unrestricted (braced).

Results
When ankle motion was restricted (restricted-ank, restricted-a + k) we observed decreased peak propulsion relative to the braced condition on the restricted limb. Reduced knee motion (restricted-knee, restricted-a + k) increased restricted limb circumduction relative to the restricted-ank condition through ipsilateral hip hiking. Interestingly, restricted limb average positive hip power increased in the restricted-ank condition but decreased in the restricted-a + k and restricted-knee conditions, suggesting that locking the knee impeded hip compensation. As expected, reduced ankle motion, either without (restricted-ank) or in addition to knee restriction (restricted-a + k) yielded significant increase in net metabolic rate when compared with the braced condition. Furthermore, the relative increase in metabolic cost was significantly larger with restricted-a + k when compared to restricted-knee condition.

Conclusions
Our methods allowed for the reproduction of asymmetric gait characteristics including reduced propulsive symmetry and increased circumduction. The metabolic consequences bolster the potential energetic benefit of targeting ankle function during rehabilitation.

Trial registration
N/A.
Macrophage autophagy protects mice from cerium oxide nanoparticle-induced lung fibrosis
Authors: Annangi Balasubramanyam , Lu Zhuyi , Bruniaux Jonathan , Ridoux Audrey , da Silva Vanessa Marques , Vantelon Delphine , Boczkowski Jorge , Lanone Sophie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundCerium (Ce) is a rare earth element, rapidly oxidizing to form CeO2, and currently used in numerous commercial applications, especially as nanoparticles (NP). The potential health effects of Ce remain uncertain, but literature indicates the development of rare earth pneumoconiosis accompanied with granuloma formation, interstitial fibrosis and inflammation. The exact underlying mechanisms are not yet completely understood, and we propose that autophagy could be an interesting target to study, particularly in macrophages. Therefore, the objective of our study was to investigate the role of macrophagic autophagy after pulmonary exposure to CeO2NP in mice. Mice lacking the early autophagy geneAtg5in their myeloid lineage and their wildtype counterparts were exposed to CeO2NP by single oropharyngeal administration and sacrificed up to 1 month after. At that time, lung remodeling was thoroughly characterized (inflammatory cells infiltration, expression of fibrotic markers such as αSMA, TGFβ1, total and type I and III collagen deposition), as well as macrophage infiltration (quantification and M1/M2 phenotype).ResultsSuch pulmonary exposure to CeO2NP induces a progressive and dose-dependent lung fibrosis in the bronchiolar and alveolar walls, together with the activation of autophagy. Blockage of macrophagic autophagy protects from alveolar but not bronchiolar fibrosis, via the modulation of macrophage polarization towards M2 phenotype.ConclusionIn conclusion, our findings bring novel insight on the role of macrophagic autophagy in lung fibrogenesis, and add to the current awareness of pulmonary macrophages as important players in the disease.
A precise navigation device for fixation of patella fractures with modified K-wire tension band:a comparative retrospective study
Authors: Wang Fuming , Xiong Haolan , Long Xiaotao , Li Yang , Chen Xiaohua , Wang Gang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundTraditionally, the technique of modified tension band wires (MTBW) has been the most commonly used surgical procedure. The purpose of this study is to design a precise navigation device that can obtain a standard position of K-wires for (MTBW) and to compare the precise MTBW (P-MTBW) by a navigation device with the conventional MTBW (C-MTBW) by hands in a retrospective study.MethodsThe device was designed by solidworks2012 software (USA), which could provide a precise guidance for obtaining parallel K-wires. Besides, it could set the distance between two K-wires and the level of K-wires below patellar anterior surface. From June 2014 to August 2018, a total of 112 patients were employed in this retrospective study. The patients were divided into P-MTBW group and C-MTBW group according to the surgical technique with or without the precise navigation device. We needed to record and analyze the operation time and the number of fluoroscopy, postoperative internal fixation imaging, knee function and complications.ResultsThere were 54 patients in P-MTBW group and 58 patients in C-MTBW group. There were statistically significant differences (P< 0.001) in the operation time between P-MTBW group (39.5 ± 4.7; range, 32–49 min) and C-MTBW group (53.7 ± 6.8; range, 42–71 min). The number of intraoperative fluoroscopy was significantly less (P< 0.001) in P-MTBW group (4.2 ± 1.4) versus that of C-MTBW group (8.3 ± 2.7). According to Iowa knee score, there was no significant difference (P= 0.268 at 1 year) in function between the two groups. According to our own evaluation criteria for MTBW, anyone in the P-MTBW group was excellent and 26 patients were excellent, 20 patients were good, and 2 patients were fair in the C-MTBW group.ConclusionThe navigation device can reduce operation time and intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency. P-MTBW fixation is an accurate and effective surgical procedure for patella fractures.
Shikonin promotes ubiquitination and degradation of cIAP1/2-mediated apoptosis and necrosis in triple negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Wang Anqi , Liu Jiayu , Yang Yuhan , Chen Zhejie , Gao Caifang , Wang Zhanguo , Fu Chaomei , Zou Liang , Wang Shengpeng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Shikonin (SKO) is a natural naphthoquinone derived from Chinese herbal medicine Arnebiae Radix with high development potentials due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. Overwhelming evidences have indicated that SKO can induce both necrosis and apoptosis in cancer cells, while the mechanisms for triple negative breast cancer cells is still need to be disclosed.

Methods
In this study, kinds of molecular biological technologies, including flow-cytometry, Western blot, immunoprecipitation, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as well as real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), were applied for investigation on the underlying mechanisms of SKO induced necrosis and apoptosis for MDA-MB-231 cells. Inhibitors were also used for validation ofthe key signaling pathways involved in SKO triggered necrosis and apoptosis.

Results
We found that SKO significantly triggered necrosis and apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells in both a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Mechanism studies demonstrated that SKO significantly promoted the autoubiquitination levels and facilitated the proteasome dependent degradation of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 (cIAP1) and cIAP2 in MDA-MB-231 cells. Autoubiquitination and degradation of cIAP1 and cIAP2 induced by SKO further led to significant decreased ubiquitination and inactivation of RIP1, which played an important role in inhibition of pro-survival and accelerating of necrosis of MDA-MB-231 cells. Treatment with proteasome inhibitor lactacystin significantly rescued the cell viability induced by treatment of SKO.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that SKO promotes the autoubiquitination and degradation of cIAP1 and cIAP2, which further induces the decrease of the ubiquitination of RIP1 to inhibit the activation of pro-survival signaling pathways and accelerate the necrosis of MDA-MB-231 cells. The disclosed mechanisms of SKO induced necrosis and apoptosis in our study is firstly reported, and it is believed that SKO could be considered as a potential candidate and further developed for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer.
Sparse self-attention aggregation networks for neural sequence slice interpolation
Authors: Wang Zejin , Liu Jing , Chen Xi , Li Guoqing , Han Hua 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundMicroscopic imaging is a crucial technology for visualizing neural and tissue structures. Large-area defects inevitably occur during the imaging process of electron microscope (EM) serial slices, which lead to reduced registration and semantic segmentation, and affect the accuracy of 3D reconstruction. The continuity of biological tissue among serial EM images makes it possible to recover missing tissues utilizing inter-slice interpolation. However, large deformation, noise, and blur among EM images remain the task challenging. Existing flow-based and kernel-based methods have to perform frame interpolation on images with little noise and low blur. They also cannot effectively deal with large deformations on EM images.ResultsIn this paper, we propose a sparse self-attention aggregation network to synthesize pixels following the continuity of biological tissue. First, we develop an attention-aware layer for consecutive EM images interpolation that implicitly adopts global perceptual deformation. Second, we present an adaptive style-balance loss taking the style differences of serial EM images such as blur and noise into consideration. Guided by the attention-aware module, adaptively synthesizing each pixel aggregated from the global domain further improves the performance of pixel synthesis. Quantitative and qualitative experiments show that the proposed method is superior to the state-of-the-art approaches.ConclusionsThe proposed method can be considered as an effective strategy to model the relationship between each pixel and other pixels from the global domain. This approach improves the algorithm’s robustness to noise and large deformation, and can accurately predict the effective information of the missing region, which will greatly promote the data analysis of neurobiological research.