bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PyRICo‐Pilot: pyridostigmine to reduce the duration of postoperative ileus after colorectal surgery – a phase II study
Authors: Dudi‐Venkata Nagendra N. , Kroon Hidde M. , Bedrikovetski Sergei , Traeger Luke , Lewis Mark , Lawrence Matthew J. , Hunter Ronald A. , Moore James W. , Thomas Michelle L. , Sammour Tarik 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimPostoperative ileus (POI) is a major problem after colorectal surgery. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors such as pyridostigmine increase gastrointestinal (GI) motility through a cholinergic anti‐inflammatory pathway. The purpose of this phase II pilot study is to determine the safety of oral pyridostigmine after elective colorectal surgery.MethodThis is a Stage 2b safety study (IDEAL framework). All adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection or formation or reversal of stoma at the Royal Adelaide Hospital between September 2020 and January 2021 were eligible. The primary outcomes were 30‐day postoperative complications, reported adverse events and GI‐2 – a validated composite outcome measure of recovery of GI function after surgery, defined as the interval from surgery until first passage of stool and tolerance of a solid intake for 24 h (in whole days) in the absence of vomiting.ResultsFifteen patients were included in the study. The median age was 58 (range 50–82) years and seven (47%) were men. Most participants had an American Society of Anesthesiologists grade ≥2 (53%) and the median body mass index was 27 (24–35) kg/m2. There were 13 postoperative complications [seven were Clavien–Dindo (CD) 1, five CD 2 and one CD 3]. None appeared directly related to pyridostigmine administration, and none of the patients had any overt symptoms of excessive parasympathetic activity. Median GI‐2 was 2 (1–4) days.ConclusionOral pyridostigmine appears to be safe to use after elective colorectal surgery in a select group of patients. However, considering this is a pilot study with a small sample size, larger controlled studies are needed to confirm this finding and establish efficacy for prevention of POI.
Climate change impact on cultivated and wild cacao in Peru and the search of climate change‐tolerant genotypes
Authors: Ceccarelli Viviana , Fremout Tobias , Zavaleta Diego , Lastra Sphyros , Imán Correa Sixto , Arévalo‐Gardini Enrique , Rodriguez Carlos Armando , Cruz Hilacondo Wilbert , Thomas Evert 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimCacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is expected to be vulnerable to climate change. The objectives of this study were to (a) assess the future impact of climate change on cacao in Peru and (b) identify areas where climate change‐tolerant genotypes are potentially present.LocationPeruMethodsDrawing on 19,700 and 1,200 presence points of cultivated and wild cacao, respectively, we modelled their suitability distributions using multiple ensemble models constructed based on both random and target group selection of pseudo‐absence points and different resolutions of spatial filtering. To estimate the uncertainty of future predictions, we generated future projections for all the ensemble models. We investigated the potential emergence of novel climates, determined expected changes in ecogeographical zones (zones representative for particular sets of growth conditions) and carried out an outlier analysis based on the environmental variables most relevant for climate change adaptation to identify areas where climate change‐tolerant genotypes are potentially present.ResultsWe found that the best modelling approaches differed between cultivated and wild cacao and that the resolution of spatial filtering had a strong impact on future suitability predictions, calling for careful evaluation of the effect of model selection on modelling results. Overall, our models foresee a contraction of suitable area for cultivated cacao while predicting a more positive future for wild cacao in Peru. Ecogeographical zones are expected to change in 8%–16% of the distribution of cultivated and wild cacao. We identified several areas where climate change‐tolerant genotypes may be present in Peru.Main conclusionsOur results indicate that tolerant genotypes will be required to facilitate the adaptation of cacao cultivation under climate change. The identified cacao populations will be target of collection missions.
Mollusc aquaculture homogenizes intertidal soft‐sediment communities along the 18,400 km long coastline of China
Authors: Peng He‐Bo , Chan Ying‐Chi , Compton Tanya J. , Cheng Xue‐Fei , Melville David S. , Zhang Shou‐Dong , Zhang Zhengwang , Lei Guangchun , Ma Zhijun , Piersma Theunis 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimMolluscs are important grazers, filter and deposit feeders, scavengers and predators, which in turn are food for shorebirds, fish and people. Some species, targeted as human food, have been cultured along the Chinese coast for hundreds of years. To examine whether aquacultural practices have meanwhile affected biodiversity gradients, we measured mollusc community structure along the coast of China in habitats which are intensively used by humans.LocationChinese coast.MethodsWe sampled 21 intertidal sites spanning 20 latitudinal degrees and 18,400 km of coastline. We assessed alpha diversity to verify whether mollusc communities exhibit the expected biodiversity gradient with latitude and beta diversity gradients with distance. To examine whether human activities such as transportation and culturing could have affected these patterns, we distinguished commercial from non‐commercial mollusc species and compared the differences in distribution, density, alpha diversity and beta diversity.ResultsWe found non‐commercial species showed the expected biodiversity gradients. Commercial species (a) dominated the intertidal mollusc communities at 19 of the 21 sites and compared with non‐commercial species, (b) exhibited wider geographical distributions, (c) showed no significant change in Bray‐Curtis index (abundance‐based beta diversity) with either geographical or climatic distance, (d) exhibited lower average dissimilarities and (e) did not show a decrease in species richness and Shannon diversity with latitude. Combining all species, trends were the same as for the commercial species.Main conclusionsA few cultured species dominated the intertidal mollusc communities in high densities along the Chinese coastline, taking over the ecological roles of the native species but not driving them extinct. In this way, aquacultural practices have exerted a homogenizing influence strong enough to erase basic biodiversity gradients. Since molluscs are food for the growing human population and the shrinking populations of migratory animals, coastal planning and management of both intertidal habitats and the exploitative activities employed need to incorporate these dimensions.
Endoscopic hand suturing for mucosal defect closure after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection may reduce the risk of postoperative bleeding in patients receiving antithrombotic therapy
Authors: Akimoto Teppei , Goto Osamu , Sasaki Motoki , Mizutani Mari , Tsutsumi Koshiro , Kiguchi Yoshiyuki , Takatori Yusaku , Nakayama Atsushi , Kato Motohiko , Fujimoto Ai , Ochiai Yasutoshi , Maehata Tadateru , Kaise Mitsuru , Iwakiri Katsuhiko , Yahagi Naohisa 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesEndoscopic hand suturing (EHS) is expected to decrease the risk of post‐endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) bleeding by closing mucosal defects. We investigated the efficacy of EHS after gastric ESD in patients with antithrombotic agents.MethodsIn this prospective single‐arm trial, patients taking antithrombotic agents for cardiovascular disease, arrhythmia, cerebrovascular disease and/or peripheral arterial disease and having <3‐cm gastric neoplasms were recruited. The mucosal defects after ESD were closed by EHS in which the needle was delivered through an overtube, and the mucosal rim of the defect was continuously sutured in a linear fashion by manipulating the needle grasped with the needle holder, followed by cutting the remnant suture and retrieval of the needle. The primary endpoint was the incidence of postoperative bleeding within 4 weeks after ESD.ResultsTwenty‐two lesions in 20 patients (continuing antiplatelet agents in 11, anticoagulant agents in eight, both in one) underwent ESD followed by EHS. All defects (median size, 30 mm; range, 12–51 mm) were completely closed by EHS and remained closed on postoperative day 3. The median number of stitches was six (range, 4–8) and median suturing time was 36 (range, 24–60) min. There were no adverse events during/after EHS or postoperative bleeding.ConclusionsPostoperative bleeding was not observed in patients taking antithrombotic agents without perioperative cessation. EHS appears to be useful for prevention of post‐gastric ESD bleeding in high‐risk patients. (Clinical registration number: UMIN000024184).
Impact of comprehensive optical diagnosis training using Workgroup serrAted polypS and Polyposis classification on detection of adenoma and sessile serrated lesion
Authors: Lee Jooyoung , Bae Jung Ho , Chung Su Jin , Kang Hae Yeon , Kang Seung Joo , Kwak Min‐Sun , Seo Ji Yeon , Song Ji Hyun , Yang Sun Young , Yang Jong In , Lim Seon Hee , Yim Jeong Yoon , Lim Joo Hyun , Chung Goh Eun , Jin Eun Hyo , Choi Ji Min , Han Yoo Min , Kim Joo Sung 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesMany interventions have been attempted to improve adenoma detection rate (ADR) and sessile serrated lesion detection rate (SDR), and one of these interventions is educational training to recognize polyp characteristics. This study aimed to investigate the change in polyp detection rates of endoscopists before and after comprehensive training through the Gangnam‐Real Time Optical Diagnosis (Gangnam‐READI) program.MethodsFifteen gastroenterologists participated in a 1‐year comprehensive training program that consisted of ex vivo and in vivo training that encompasses knowledge and skills in endoscopic characterization of colonic polyps using the Workgroup serrAted polypS and Polyposis (WASP) classification. We evaluated the impact of the training program by comparing the overall and individual ADR and SDR 6 months before and after the training.ResultsOverall, 18,280 polyps (9337 adenomas and 855 sessile serrated lesion) were collected. The optical diagnosis training had no significant impact on the difference in ADR after training compared to before training (47.7% vs. 46.5%, P = 0.608). A tendency for a decrease in ADR variance was noted among the endoscopists after training (74.9 vs. 32.7, P = 0.121). The overall pre‐training period SDR was 4.5% and showed a statistically significant increase to 5.6%, 8.0%, and 7.1% in the first and second half of the training period, and post‐training period, respectively (P = 0.003). The optical diagnosis training did not decrease variance in SDR (8.9 vs. 8.8, P = 0.985).ConclusionComprehensive optical diagnosis training with WASP classification has a significant impact on increasing the overall SDR of expert endoscopists.
A population of neurons that produce hugin and express the diuretic hormone 44 receptor gene projects to the corpora allata in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Mizuno Yosuke , Imura Eisuke , Kurogi Yoshitomo , Shimada‐Niwa Yuko , Kondo Shu , Tanimoto Hiromu , Hückesfeld Sebastian , Pankratz Michael J. , Niwa Ryusuke 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe corpora allata (CA) are essential endocrine organs that biosynthesize and secrete the sesquiterpenoid hormone, namely juvenile hormone (JH), to regulate a wide variety of developmental and physiological events in insects. CA are directly innervated with neurons in many insect species, implying the innervations to be important for regulating JH biosynthesis. Although this is also true for the model organism Drosophila melanogaster, neurotransmitters produced in the CA‐projecting neurons are yet to be identified. In this study on D. melanogaster, we aimed to demonstrate that a subset of neurons producing the neuropeptide hugin, the invertebrate counterpart of the vertebrate neuromedin U, directly projects to the adult CA. A synaptic vesicle marker in the hugin neurons was observed at their axon termini located on the CA, which were immunolabeled with a newly‐generated antibody to the JH biosynthesis enzyme JH acid O‐methyltransferase. We also found the CA‐projecting hugin neurons to likely express a gene encoding the specific receptor for diuretic hormone 44 (Dh44). Moreover, our data suggest that the CA‐projecting hugin neurons have synaptic connections with the upstream neurons producing Dh44. Unexpectedly, the inhibition of CA‐projecting hugin neurons did not significantly alter the expression levels of the JH‐inducible gene Krüppel‐homolog 1, which implies that the CA‐projecting neurons are not involved in JH biosynthesis but rather in other known biological processes. This is the first study to identify a specific neurotransmitter of the CA‐projecting neurons in D. melanogaster, and to anatomically characterize a neuronal pathway of the CA‐projecting neurons and their upstream neurons.
Maternal gestational diabetes and childhood hyperlipidemia
Authors: Yang Xiaoyun , Leng Junhong , Liu Huikun , Wang Leishen , Li Weiqin , Li Wei , Yang Xilin , Liu Ming , Hu Gang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsAim of this study is to assess dyslipidemia risk between children exposed to maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and those not exposed.MethodsWe recruited 1144 mother–child pairs (572 GDM and 572 non‐GDM women matched by their offspring's age and sex). The age of offspring ranged from 3 to 9 years old. We used general linear models to compare mean values of different lipid profiles among children born to mothers with and without GDM. Logistic regression models were used to assess associations of maternal GDM with abnormal lipid profiles in offspring.ResultsAfter adjustment for maternal and children's characteristics, children born to mothers with GDM had lower mean values of high‐density‐lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (1.40 ± 0.01 vs. 1.50 ± 0.01; p < 0.001) and higher mean levels of triglycerides/HDL cholesterol ratio (0.37 ± 0.01 vs. 0.35 ± 0.01; p < 0.05) in comparison with their counterparts born to mothers without GDM. Multivariate‐adjusted odds ratios among children exposed to mothers with GDM compared with the counterparts were 2.11 (95% confidence interval [CI 1.15–3.88]) for low HDL cholesterol and 1.35 (95% CI 1.00–1.81) for high triglycerides/HDL cholesterol ratio, respectively.ConclusionsMaternal GDM was associated with an increased risk of hyperlipidemia in the offspring during early childhood aged from 3 to 9 years old.
Exosomal circEPB41L2 serves as a sponge for miR‐21‐5p and miR‐942‐5p to suppress colorectal cancer progression by regulating the PTEN/AKT signalling pathway
Authors: Jiang Zhipeng , Hou Zehui , Li Liang , Liu Wei , Yu Zhuomin , Chen Shuang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundExosomes contain many functional RNAs, including circular RNA (circRNA), which are critical for cancer progression. However, the role of exosomal circEPB41L2 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear.MethodsExosomes were isolated from plasma and cells. The characteristics of the exosomes were identified using transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. The protein levels of exosome markers and PTEN/AKT‐related markers were measured using Western blot analysis. The expression of circEPB41L2, microRNA (miR)‐21‐5p and miR‐942‐5p was verified by quantitative real‐time PCR. The proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of cells were determined using cell counting kit eight assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, wound healing assay and transwell assay. Biotin‐labelled RNA pull‐down assay, dual‐luciferase reporter assay and RIP assay were conducted to evaluate the interaction between circEPB41L2 and miR‐21‐5p or miR‐942‐5p. The effects of exosomal circEPB41L2 on colorectal cancer tumour growth were confirmed using animal experiments.ResultsCircEPB41L2 was downregulated in the exosomes from colorectal cancer patients and cells. Overexpressed circEPB41L2 inhibited colorectal cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and promoted apoptosis, as well as suppressed the activity of PTEN/AKT signalling pathway. CircEPB41L2 could sponge miR‐21‐5p or miR‐942‐5p. MiR‐21‐5p or miR‐942‐5p could reverse the inhibition effect of circEPB41L2 on colorectal cancer progression and PTEN/AKT signalling pathway. In addition, we discovered that circEPB41L2 was mainly located at exosomes. Exosomal circEPB41L2 also could restrain colorectal cancer progression and the activity of PTEN/AKT signalling pathway. Animal experiments suggested that exosomal‐mediated circEPB41L2 inhibited colorectal cancer tumour growth.ConclusionOur data revealed that exosomal circEPB41L2 sponged miR‐21‐5p and miR‐942‐5p to repress colorectal cancer progression by regulating the PTEN/AKT signalling pathway.
Feasibility of non‐invasive measurement of central blood pressure and arterial stiffness in shock
Authors: Markakis Konstantinos , Pagonas Nikolaos , Georgianou Eleni , Zgoura Panagiota , Rohn Benjamin J. , Bertram Sebastian , Seidel Maximilian , Bettag Sebastian , Trappe Hans‐Joachim , Babel Nina , Westhoff Timm H. , Seibert Felix S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients in haemodynamic shock are in need for an intensive care treatment. Invasive haemodynamic monitoring is state of the art for these patients. However, evolved, non‐invasive blood pressure monitoring devices offer advanced functions like the assessment of central blood pressure and arterial stiffness. We analysed the feasibility of two oscillometric blood pressure devices in patients with shock.MethodsWe performed a monocentre prospective study, enrolling 57 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), due to septic and/or cardiogenic shock. We assessed invasive and non‐invasive peripheral and central blood pressure <24 hours and 48 hours after admission on the ICU. Additional haemodynamic parameters such as pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation pressure and augmentation index were obtained through Mobil‐o‐Graph PWA (IEM) and SphygmoCor XCEL (AtCor Medical).ResultsA complete haemodynamic assessment was successful in all patients (48) with the Mobil‐o‐Graph 24 hours PWA and in 29 patients with the SphygmoCor XCEL (P = .001), when cases of death or device malfunction were excluded. Reasons for failure were severe peripheral artery disease, haemodynamic instability, oedema and agitation. Invasive blood pressure showed a sufficient correlation with both devices; however, large differences between invasive and non‐invasive techniques were recorded in Bland‐Altmann analysis (P < .05 for all parameters). PWV differed between the two devices.ConclusionNon‐invasive peripheral blood pressure measurement remains a rescue technique. However, non‐invasive assessment of arterial stiffness and central blood pressure is possible in patients with septic or cardiogenic shock. Further studies are required to assess their clinical significance for patients in shock.
Influenza vaccination in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors: A systematic review
Authors: Spagnolo Francesco , Boutros Andrea , Croce Elena , Cecchi Federica , Arecco Luca , Tanda Enrica , Pronzato Paolo , Lambertini Matteo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is a concern that influenza vaccination may increase the incidence of immune‐related adverse events in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the available data on the safety and efficacy of influenza vaccination in cancer patients receiving ICIs.MethodsStudies reporting safety and efficacy outcomes of influenza vaccination in cancer patients receiving ICIs were included. Only descriptive statistics were conducted to obtain a pooled rate of immune‐related adverse events in vaccinated patients.ResultsTen studies assessing the safety and eight assessing the efficacy of influenza vaccination in cancer patients receiving ICIs were identified, for a total of 1124 and 986 vaccinated patients, respectively. Most patients had melanoma or lung cancer and received a single agent anti‐PD‐1, but also other tumour types and immunotherapy combinations were represented. No severe vaccination‐related toxicities were reported. The pooled incidence of any grade immune checkpoint inhibitor–related adverse events was 28.9%. In the 6 studies specifying the incidence of grade 3‐4 toxicities, the pooled incidence was 7.5%. No grade 5 toxicities were reported. No pooled descriptive analysis was conducted in studies reporting efficacy outcomes due to the heterogeneity of endpoints and data reporting. Nevertheless, among the eight studies included, seven reported positive efficacy outcomes of influenza vaccination.ConclusionThe results of this systematic review support the safety and efficacy of influenza vaccination in cancer patients receiving ICIs. These results are particularly relevant in the context of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic.
Selective ABO immunoadsorption in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with major ABO incompatibility
Authors: Crysandt Martina , Soysal Hatice , Jennes Eva , Holtick Udo , Mrotzek Matthias , Rehnelt Susanne , Holderried Tobias A. W. , Wessiepe Martina , Kunter Uta , Wilop Stefan , Silling Gerda , Gecht Judith , Beier Fabian , Brümmendorf Tim H. , Jost Edgar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveABO mismatch between donor and recipient occurs in 40% of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (HCT). Different strategies have been described to reduce isohemagglutinins (IHA) before HCT. We describe the effect of selective ABO immunoadsorption (ABO IA) on erythrocyte transfusion rate and the development of post‐transplant pure red cell aplasia (ptPRCA).Methods63 patients with major ABO incompatibility were retrospectively analyzed. Nine patients with major ABO incompatibility and high‐IHA titer were treated by ABO IA before HCT. We analyzed the need for transfusion and the occurrence of ptPRCA. We compared the outcome with patients treated by other methods to reduce IHA.ResultsIn all nine patients treated by ABO IA, IHA decreased in a median four times. PtPRCA occurred in one patient. The median number of transfusions was 8 (range: 0‐36) between d0 and d100. In 25 patients with high‐IHA titer without treatment or treated by other methods to reduce IHA, the need for transfusions was comparable. No difference in the incidence of ptPRCA was observed.ConclusionsSelective ABO IA is a feasible, safe, and effective method to reduce IHA before HCT in major ABO incompatibility. No effect on transfusion rate or ptPRCA compared to other strategies could be observed.