bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human-wildlife conflict and community perceptions towards wildlife conservation in and around Wof-Washa Natural State Forest, Ethiopia: a case study of human grivet monkey conflict
Authors: Yazezew Dereje 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) is predicted to increase globally in the vicinity of protected areas and occurs in several different contexts and involves a range of animal taxonomic groups whose needs and requirements overlap with humans. Human-monkey conflict exists in different forms more in developing countries and ranks amongst the main threats to biodiversity conservation. Grivet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops aethiops) are any slender agile Old-World monkeys of the genus Cercopithecus. This study was conducted to investigate the status of human grivet monkey conflict and the attitude of local communities towards grivet monkey conservation in and around Wof-Washa Natural State Forest (WWNSF), Ethiopia from September 2017 to May 2018. Questionnaire survey (143) was used to study the human-grivet monkey conflict and its conservation status. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the responses were compared using a nonparametric Pearson chi-square test. Results: Majority of respondents from both gender (male= 67.1%; female= 74.1%) were not supporting grivet monkey conservation due to its troublesome crop damaging effect. There was significant difference in respondents perceptions towards grivet monkey conservation based on distance of farmland from the forest (χ2= 12.7, df =4, P = 0.013). There was no significant difference in the techniques used by villagers to deter crop raiders (χ2= 14.73, df =15, P = 0.47). There was significant difference in respondents expectations on the mitigation measures to be taken by government (χ2= 40.01, df =15, P = 0.000). Based on the questionnaire result, 42.5 ± SD 8.68 of respondents in all villages elucidated that the causes of crop damage was habitat degradations.Conclusion: The encroachment of local communities in to the forest area and exploitation of resources that would be used by grivet monkey and enhanced crop damage by grivet monkey exacerbated the HGMC in the study area. As a result grivet monkeys have been killed relentlessly as a consequence of crop damage. This was due to negative energy developed in human perspective. Thus, awareness creation education program and feasible crop damage prevention techniques need to be implemented.
Detection of Emerging Ibrutinib Resistance by Flow Cytometry in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Takács Ferenc , Kotmayer Lili , Czeti Ágnes , Szalóki Gábor , Tamás László , Mikala Gábor , Márk Ágnes , Masszi András , Farkas Péter , Plander Márk , Weisinger Júlia , Demeter Judit , Fekete Sándor , Szerafin László , Deák Beáta Margit , Szaleczki Erika , Sulák Adrienn , Borbényi Zita , Barna Gabor 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib has revolutionized the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Although ibrutinib is a highly effective drug, during the treatment acquired ibrutinib resistance may occur and its early detection is an important issue. Our aim was to investigate several phenotypic markers on CLL cells to reveal changes in their expression during ibrutinib treatment.Methods: In our study 28 (treatment naive, ibrutinib sensitive, clinically ibrutinib resistant) peripheral blood (PB), and 6 paired PB and bone marrow (BM) samples were examined. The expression of several surface markers (CD69, CD184, CD86, CD185, CD27) was assessed by flow cytometry in each sample. Furthermore, the presence of the BTKC481S resistance mutation was tested using digital droplet PCR. In addition, we investigated the changes of the phenotype of CLL cells during ibrutinib treatment in one patient with acquired ibrutinib resistance.Results: The expression of CD27 decreased during ibrutinib therapy but increased again at the onset of clinical resistance. Expressions of CD69 and CD86 were also elevated at the onset of clinical ibrutinib resistance. The expression of CD86 showed correlation between PB and BM samples. Relapsed cases with high CD86 expression were positive for BTKC481S mutation. Our prospective study showed that the increases in the expression of CD27, CD69 and CD86 were detectable up to several months before the onset of clinical resistance.Conclusion: Our research suggests that the flow cytometric measurements of certain markers, especially CD86, may predict development of ibrutinib resistance, however, confirmatory experiments are still required.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance in Chromium(VI) Reduction and Dye Degradation using Sn3O4/SnS2 Nanocomposite and Mechanism Insight
Authors: Kumar Gandharve , Dutta Rajkumar 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Detection of residual organic and inorganic species in water bodies including drinking water has led to developing strategies for their removal. Here we report a very efficient method of photoreduction of Cr (VI) and photodegradation of methylene blue dye in aqueous medium using Z-scheme heterojunction based Sn3O4/SnS2 solar photocatalyst. The photocatalyst is synthesized by hydrothermal route and it is thoroughly characterized in terms of its structural, compositional, morphological and optical properties. About 100 % of Cr (VI) reduction in 60 min and 99.6 % of methylene blue degradation in 90 min is achieve under sunlight exposure at a photocatalytic rate of 0.066 min-1 and 0.043 min-1, respectively. The total organic carbon estimation of the post-degradation reaction medium corresponded to 85.1 % (MB) mineralization. The photocatalytic degradation is attributed to in-situ generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) e.g., superoxide radicals, hydroxide radicals, and the role of ROS towards reduction and degradation of Cr (VI) and MB respectively, is confirmed from ROS scavenging studies. The dye degradation mechanism has been discussed by analyzing the degradation products via UPLC-Q-Tof-MS. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue by Sn3O4/SnS2 nanocomposites is significantly enhanced as compared to SnS2 photocatalyst, attributed to Z-scheme heterojunction and the charge carrier mobility.
Cross-Border Malaria Drivers and Risk Factors on the Brazil-Venezuela Border Between 2016 and 2018
Authors: Wangdi Kinley , Wetzler Erica , Marchesini Paola , Villegas Leopoldo , Canavati Sara 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background Globally, cross-border importation of malaria has become a challenge to malaria elimination. The border areas between Brazil and Venezuela have experienced high numbers of imported cases due to increased population movement and migration out of Venezuela. This study aimed to identify risk factors for imported malaria and delineate imported malaria hotspots in Roraima, Brazil and Bolivar, Venezuela between 2016 and 2018.MethodsData on malaria surveillance cases from Roraima, Brazil and Bolivar, Venezuela from 2016 to 2018 were obtained from national surveillance systems: the Brazilian Malaria Epidemiology Surveillance Information System (SIVEP-Malaria), the Venezuelan Ministry of Health and other non-government organizations. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify the risk factors for imported malaria. Spatial autocorrelation in malaria incidence was explored using Getis-Ord (Gi*) statistics.ResultsDuring the study period, there were 11,270 (24.3%) and 4,072 (0.7%) imported malaria cases in Roraima, Brazil and Bolivar, Venezuela, respectively. In the multivariable logistic regression for Roraima, men were 28% less likely to be an imported case compared to women (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]= 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.665, 0.781). Ages 20-29 and 30-39 were 90% (AOR=1.90; 95% CI 1.649, 2.181) and 54% (AOR=1.54; 95% CI 1.331, 1.782) more likely to be an imported case compared to the 0-9 year age group, respectively. Imported cases were 197 times (AOR=197.03; 95% CI 175.094, 221.712) more likely to occur in miners than those working in agriculture and domestic work. In Bolivar, cases aged 10-19 (AOR=1.75; 95% CI 1.389, 2.192), 20-29 (AOR=2.48; 95% CI 1.957, 3.144), and 30-39 (AOR=2.29; 95% CI 1.803, 2.913) were at higher risk of being an imported case than those in the 0-9 year old group, with older age groups having a slightly higher risk compared to Roraima. Compared to agriculture and domestic workers, tourism, timber and fishing workers (AOR=6.38; 95% CI 4.393, 9.254) and miners (AOR=7.03; 95% CI 4.903, 10.092) were between six and seven times more likely to be an imported case. Spatial analysis showed the risk was higher along the international border in the municipalities of Roraima, Brazil.ConclusionTo achieve malaria elimination, cross-border populations in the hotspot municipalities will need targeted intervention strategies tailored to occupation, age and mobility status. Furthermore, all stakeholders, including implementers, policymakers, and donors, should support and explore the introduction of novel approaches to address these hard-to-reach populations with the most cost-effective interventions.
Cellulase Production by Penicillium Oxalicum Ti-11 with Traditional Chinese Medicine Residue as Substrate
Authors: zeng xiaoxi , zhang yuanke , Chen lulu , Ran song , Zhang cheng , Ma liang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
PurposeThe study aims to search for efficient cellulase producer and explore the possibility of traditional Chinese medicine residue as a substrate for cellulase production, so as to realize the waste utilization of traditional Chinese medicine residue.MethodsThe cellulase-producing strain was identified through morphological and molecular biological methods. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the structure of traditional Chinese medicine residues before and after fermentation. The enzyme activity was determined by DNS method, and the enzyme production conditions were optimized by single factor and response surface methodology.ResultThe strain grew well in forsythia leaf residue, and the highest FPA could reach 2.06 IU/mL. In addition, the structural characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine residue that before and after enzymatic hydrolysis were characterized by SEM and FTIR. The results showed that the structure of the residue was destroyed after enzymatic hydrolysis, the damage of forsythia leaf residue was the most serious, and enzymatic hydrolysis promoted the dissolution of cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose. The enzyme production conditions of the strain were optimized by Plackett-Burman design and response surface analysis. The FPA could reach 2.79 IU/mL under the optimal conditions of FLR concentration 24.84 g/L, (NH4)2SO4 concentration 2 g/L, temperature 34.44℃, pH 6.20, rotational speed 200rpm, inoculum 6%, which was 35.44% higher than that before optimization.Conclusions﻿The results showed that traditional Chinese medicine residue could be used as the induced substrate for fungal cellulase production. This study provides an idea for the low-cost production of fungal cellulase and the waste utilization of traditional Chinese medicine residue.
Genome sequence of Corynebacterium Amycolatum ICIS 99 Isolated From Human Vagina Reveals Safety and Beneficial Properties
Authors: Gladysheva Irina , Khlopko Yuriy , Kataev Vladimir , Cherkasov Sergey 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Corynebacterium amycolatum ICIS 99 was isolated from vaginal smears of healthy women and showed promising results in antimicrobial screenings. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of this strain and analyze its main features to assess its safety and useful properties. The genome is 2,532,503 bp long and contains 2,186 CDSs with an average G+C content of 59.0%. Analyses of the ICIS 99 genome revealed the absence of true virulence genes. The genome contains genes involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites and bacteriocins of the class sactipeptide. In the genome of ICIS 99, we identified a large number of genes responsible for adaptation and survival in the vaginal environment, including acid and oxidative stress resistance genes. The genomic information of ICIS 99 provides a basis for understanding the safety and useful properties of ICIS 99 and for considering it as a potential probiotic strain. However, further research is needed to test its probiotic efficacy in vivo. The whole genome shotgun project has been deposited at DDBJ/ENA/GenBank under the accession number JAIUSU000000000.
Improving the Red-Black tree delete algorithm
Authors: Eddine ZEGOUR Djamel 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Today, Red-Black trees are becoming a popular data structure typically used to implement dictionaries, associative arrays, symbol tables within some compilers (C++, Java …) and many other systems. In this paper, we present an improvement of the delete algorithm of this kind of binary search tree. The proposed algorithm is very promising since it colors differently the tree while reducing color changes by a factor of about 29%. Moreover, the maintenance operations re-establishing Red-Black tree balance properties are reduced by a factor of about 11%. As a consequence, the proposed algorithm saves about 4% on running time when insert and delete operations are used together while conserving search performance of the standard algorithm.
Identification of a Hypoxia-Related LncRNA Signature for the Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Huang Hua , Gu Mingjia , Xu Shanshan , Li Youran , Gu Yunfei , Ji Lijiang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background:Colorectal cancer (CRC), the commonly seen malignancy, ranks 3rd place among the causes of cancer-associated mortality. As suggested by more and more studies, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)have been considered as prognostic biomarkers for CRC. But the significance of hypoxic lncRNAs in predicting CRC prognosis remains unclear.Methods:The gene expressed profiles for CRC cases were obtained based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and applied to estimate the hypoxia score using a single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm. Overall survival (OS) of the high- and low-hypoxia score group was analyzed by the Kaplan–Meier (KM) plot. To identify differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) between two hypoxia score groups, this study carried out differential expression analysis, and then further integrated with the DELs between controls and CRC patients to generate the hypoxia-related lncRNAs for CRC. Besides, prognostic lncRNAs were screened by the univariate Cox regression, which was later utilized for constructing the prognosis nomogram for CRC by adopting the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm. In addition, both accuracy and specificity of the constructed prognostic signature were detected through the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Moreover, our constructed prognosis signature also was validated in the internal testing test. This study operated gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) for exploring potential biological functions associated with the prognostic signature. Finally, the ceRNA network of the prognostic lncRNAs was constructed.Results:Among 2299 hypoxia-related lncRNAs of CRC in total, LINC00327, LINC00163, LINC00174, SYNPR-AS1, and MIR31HG were identified as prognostic lncRNAs by the univariate Cox regression and adopted for constructing the prognosis signature for CRC. ROC analysis showed the predictive power and accuracy of the prognostic signature. Additionally, the GSEA revealed that ECM-receptor interaction, PI3K-Akt pathway, phagosome, and Hippo pathway were mostly associated with the high-risk group. 352 miRNAs-mRNAs pairs and 177 lncRNAs-miRNAs were predicted.Conclusion:To conclude, we identified 5 hypoxia-related lncRNAs to establish an accurate prognostic signature for CRC, providing important prognostic markers and therapeutic targets.
Relative Contribution of Amyloid-β Plaque Associated and Plaque Distant Microglia to Alzheimer’S Disease (AD) Progression
Authors: Hemonnot-Girard Anne-Laure , Meersseman Cédric , Pastore Manuela , Linck Nathalie , Rey Catherine , Lachuer Joël , Reynes Christelle , Rassendren François , Hélène Hirbec 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Research in recent years firmly established that microglial cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In parallel, a series of studies showed that, under both homeostatic and pathological conditions, microglia are a heterogeneous cell population. In AD, amyloid-b (Ab) plaque-associated microglia (PAM) display a clearly distinct phenotype compared to plaque-distant microglia (PCM), suggesting that these two microglia subtypes likely differently contribute to disease progression. So far, molecular characterization of PAM was performed indirectly using scRNA-seq approaches or based on markers that are supposedly up-regulated in this microglia subpopulation.Methods: In this study, we combined cell-specific laser capture and RNA-seq analysis to investigate, without preconceived notions of the molecular and/or functional changes that would affect these cells, the functional role of both plaque-associated and plaque-distant microglia. Results: First, we established that this approach allows selective isolation of microglia, while preserving spatial information and preventing transcriptome changes induced by classical purification approaches. Then, we identified, in PAM and PCM subpopulations, networks of co-deregulated genes and analyzed their potential functional roles in AD. Finally, we investigated the dynamics of microglia transcriptomic remodeling at early, intermediate and late stages of the disease. Conclusions: Our comprehensive study demonstrates that the proximity of microglia to Ab-plaques dramatically alters the microglial transcriptome and reveals that these changes can have both positive and negative impacts on the surrounding cells. These opposing effects may be driven by local microglia heterogeneity also demonstrated by this study. Our results also suggest that Ab plaque-associated microglia undergo exhaustion in the later stage of the disease. Our approach leads to molecularly define the overlooked plaque-distant microglia. We show that plaque-distant microglia are not bystanders of the disease, although the transcriptomic changes are far less striking compared to what is observed in plaque-associated microglia. In particular, our results suggest they are involved in Ab oligomer detection and in Ab-plaque initiation, with increased contribution as the disease progresses.
The Characterization of Amorphous AZO-n/Si-p Hetrojunction Diode for Solar Cell Application
Authors: Hosseini Soghra , Dejam Laya , Elahi Hossain 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The aim of the present study is to verify the effect of annealing temperature variation on zinc oxide doped with aluminum (AZO) thin films deposited on p-type silicon (Si) substrates. Here, AZO/p-Si heterojunction was annealed in nitrogen environment and its structural, electrical, and optical characterizations were investigated. The results of XRD patterns showed the amorphous structure of AZO thin films. FE-SEM images illustrated the increase of grain size by increasing annealing temperature up to 500oC. The reflectance analysis showed that for this annealing temperature, that the energy band gap of AZO thin film was moved to higher energy level. The electrical properties were investigated by I–V measurement carried out in the light at room temperatures. The short circuit current (ISC), ideality factor, saturation current, and open circuit voltage (VOC) of the AZO/p-Si heterojunction strongly depended on annealing conditions due to charge carrier trapping and density of defect on interface. By considering IR and IF as reverse and forward current, the ration of IF/IR had the maximum value at 1 V which was belonged to n-AZO/p-Si heterojunction at 500oC annealing temperature.
Vulnerability of water distribution networks with real-life pipe failure statistics
Authors: Wéber Richárd , Huzsvár Tamás , Hős Csaba 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Reasons for occasional, random pipe bursts in water distribution networks (WDNs) may come from numerous factors (e.g. pH value of the soil, pipeline material). Still, the isolation of the damaged section is inevitable. While the corresponding area is segregated by closing the isolation valves, there is a shortfall in drinking water service. This paper analyses the vulnerability of segments of WDNs from the viewpoint of the consumers that is the product of the failure rate and the relative demand loss. Real pipe failure database, pipe material and pipe age data are used to increase the accuracy of the failure rate estimation for 27 real-life WDNs from Hungary. The vulnerability analysis revealed the highly exposed nature of the local vulnerabilities; the distribution of local vulnerability values follows a power-law distribution. This phenomenon is also found by investigating the artificial WDNs from the literature using N rule in terms of isolation valve layout, namely the ky networks, with similar results.