bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perbandingan Metode Klasifikasi pada Pengolahan Citra Mata Ikan Tuna
Authors: Novianto Toni Dwi , Erawan I Made Susi 
Published: January 2021

<p class="AbstractEnglish"><strong>Abstract:</strong> Fish eye color is an important attribute of fish quality. The change in eye color during the storage process correlates with freshness and has a direct effect on consumer perception. The process of changing the color of the fish eye can be analyzed using image processing. The purpose of this study was to obtain the best classification method for predicting fish freshness based on image processing in fish eyes. Three tuna fish were used in this study. The test was carried out for 20 hours with an eye image every 2 hours at room temperature. Fish eye image processing uses Matlab R.2017a software while the classification uses Weka 3.8 software. The image processing stages are taking fish eye image, segmenting ROI (region of interest), converting RGB image to grayscale, and feature extraction. Feature extraction used is the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). The classification techniques used are artificial neural networks (ANN), k-neighborhood neighbors (k-NN), and support vector machines (SVM). The results showed the value using ANN = 0.53, k-NN = 0.83, and SVM = 0.69. Based on these results it can be determined that the best classification technique is to use the k-nearest neighbor (k-NN).</p><p class="AbstrakIndonesia"><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Warna mata ikan merupakan atribut penting pada kualitas ikan. Perubahan warna mata ikan selama proses penyimpanan berhubungan dengan tingkat kesegaran dan memiliki efek langsung pada persepsi konsumen. Proses perubahan warna mata ikan dapat dianalisis menggunakan pengolahan citra. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan metode klasifikasi terbaik untuk memprediksi kesegaran ikan berbasis pengolahan citra pada mata ikan. Tiga ekor ikan tuna digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Pengujian dilakukan selama 20 jam dengan pengambilan citra mata setiap 2 jam pada suhu ruang. Pengolahan citra mata ikan menggunakan software matlab R.2017a sedangkan pengklasifiannya menggunakan software Weka 3.8. Tahapan pengolahan citra meliputi pengambilan citra mata ikan, segmentasi ROI (<em>region of interest</em>), konversi citra RGB menjadi <em>grayscale</em>, dan ekstraksi fitur. Ekstraksi fitur yang digunakan yaitu <em>gray-level co-occurrence matrix</em> (GLCM). Teknik klasifikasi yang digunakan yaitu, <em>artificial neural network</em> (ANN), <em>k-nearest neighbors</em> (k-NN), dan <em>support vector machine</em> (SVM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai korelasi menggunakan ANN = 0,53, k-NN = 0,83, dan SVM = 0,69. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan teknik klasifikasi terbaik adalah menggunakan <em>k-nearest neighbors</em> (k-NN).</p>
Validation and psychometric evaluation of the Dutch Person-centred care of Older People with cognitive impairment in Acute Care (POPAC)
Authors: Keuning-Plantinga Annette , Finnema Evelyn J , Krijnen Wim , Edvardsson David , Roodbol Petrie F 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Person-centred care is the preferred model for caring for people with dementia. Knowledge of the level of person-centred care is essential for improving the quality of care for patients with dementia. The person-centred care of older people with cognitive impairment in acute care (POPAC) scale is a tool to determine the level of person-centred care. This study aimed to translate and validate the Dutch POPAC scale and evaluate its psychometric properties to enable international comparison of data and outcomes.Methods: After double-blinded forward and backward translations, a total of 159 nurses recruited from six hospitals (n=114) and via social media (n=45) completed the POPAC scale. By performing confirmatory factor analysis, construct validity was tested. Cronbach’s alpha scale was utilized to establish internal consistency.Results: The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the comparative fit index (0.89) was slightly lower than 0.9. The root mean square error of approximation (0.075, p=0.012, CI 0.057-0.092) and the standardized root mean square residual (0.063) were acceptable, with values less than 0.08. The findings revealed a three-dimensional structure. The factor loadings (0.69-0.77) indicated that the items to be strongly associated with their respective factors. The results also indicated that deleting Item 5 improved the Cronbach’s alpha of the instrument as well as of the subscale ‘using cognitive assessments and care interventions’. Instead of deleting this item, we suggest rephrasing it into a positively worded item.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the Dutch POPAC scale is sufficiently valid and reliable and can be utilized for assessing person-centred care in acute care hospitals. The study enables nurses to interpret and compare person-centred care levels in wards and hospital levels nationally and internationally. The results form an important basis for improving the quality of care and nurse-sensitive outcomes, such as preventing complications and hospital stay length.
A Feasibility Trial of HoloLens 2™; Using Mixed Reality Headsets to Deliver Remote Bedside Teaching During COVID-19
Authors: Sivananthan Arun , Gueroult Aurelien , Zijlstra Geiske , Martin Guy , Baheerathan Aravindhan , Pratt Philip , Darzi Ara , Patel Nisha , Kinross James 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background COVID-19 has had a catastrophic impact measured in human lives. Medical education has also been impacted: appropriately stringent infection control policies have precluded medical trainees from attending clinical teaching. Lecture-based education has been easily transferred to a digital platform, but bedside teaching has not transitioned so well. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of using a mixed reality (MR) headset to deliver remote bedside teaching to trainee doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods Two MR sessions were led by senior specialty registrars (the clinical trainers) wearing the HoloLens™ headset. The trainers selected patients admitted with pathology requiring their specialist input; thus, the educational sessions were opportunistic. The headset allowed bi-directional video and audio communication between the trainer and trainee doctors during the consultation. Trainee doctor conceptions of bedside teaching, impact of COVID-19 on bedside teaching and technical success of the session was evaluated using pre- and post-round questionnaires using 1 (‘strongly disagree’ or ‘never’) to 7 (‘strongly agree’ or ‘always’) Likert scales and white space questions. Feedback on acceptability of the round was collected verbally from patients after each encounter. Data related to clinician exposure to at risk patients and use of PPE were also collected.Results Pre-questionnaire respondents (n=24) strongly agreed that bedside teaching is key to educating clinicians (7, IQR 6-7). It was also apparent that bedside teaching had become a rarity during COVID-19 (2, IQR 2-4). Session 1 feedback (n=6) was adversely affected by a loose microphone connection. With the issue rectified for session 2 (n=4), most respondents strongly agreed that they felt like they were physically present for the session (7, IQR 6.75-7). Mixed-reality versus in-person teaching led to a 79.5% reduction in cumulative clinician exposure time and 83.3% reduction in PPE use. Conclusions This study is proof of principle that HoloLens™ can be used effectively to deliver high-quality clinical bedside teaching. This novel format confers significant advantages in terms of: minimising exposure of trainees to COVID-19; saving PPE; enabling larger attendance; and convenient accessible real-time clinical training.
Attenuated Asthma Phenotype in Mice With a Fetal-Like Antigen Receptor Repertoires
Authors: Stutz Regine , Meyer Christopher , Kaiser Elisabeth , Goedicke-Fritz Sybelle , Schroeder Harry , Bals Robert , Haertel Christoph , Rogosch Tobias , Kerzel Sebastian , Zemlin Michael 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We hypothesized that the scarcity of N-nucleotides might contribute to the inability of the neonate to mount a robust allergic immune response. To test this, we used terminal deoxyribunucleotidyl Transferase deficient (TdT-/-) mice, which express “fetal like” T cell receptor and immunoglobulin repertoires with largely germline-encoded CDR3 regions.Intraperitoneal sensitization was followed by aerosol provocation with either PBS or the allergen OVA in both Tdt-/- mice and wild-type mice to develop allergic respiratory inflammation. The effects of this procedure were investigated by lung function test, immunological analysis of serum and brochoalveolar lavage. The local TH2 cytokine milieu was significantly attenuated in Tdt-/- mice. Within this group, the induction of total IgE levels was also significantly reduced after sensitization. Tdt-/- mice showed a reduced eosinophilic inflow into the bronchial tubes, which was associated with the elimination of respiratory hyperreactivity. In conclusion, in a murine model of allergic airway inflammation, the expression of fetal-like antigen receptors was associated with a reduced ability to mount an asthma phenotype. This underlines the importance of somatically-generated antigen-receptor repertoire diversity in type one allergic immune responses and suggests that the fetus may be protected from allergic responses, at least in part, by controlling N addition.
Molecular Detection and Epidemiology of Equine Herpesvirus 2 and 5 in Working Equids in Central Ethiopia
Authors: Wondimagegnehu Kifle , Leta Samson , Amenu Kebede , Negussie Haileleul 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Equine respiratory illness is a common problem that impacts the performance of the working capacity of equids. In Ethiopia, respiratory disease is the most common presenting complaint at veterinary clinics and a priority concern for equid owners and veterinary practitioners. Although studies had been conducted in EHV-2 and EHV-5 elsewhere in the world, many unknowns remained. Thus, a detailed study is needed to understand more about the epidemiology of the viruses. This study aimed to detect EHV-2 and EHV-5 from working equids in central Ethiopia. Methods: Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 58 horses and donkeys to detect EHV-2 and EHV-5 using PCR. Viral DNA was extracted and PCR amplification was performed using virus-specific primers targeting the conserved region of glycoprotein B (gB) genes.Results: From 58 equids, EHV-5 and EHV-2 were detected in 20 (34.5%) and 19 (32.8%) equids, respectively. Concurrent infection with EHV-2 and EHV-5 was found in 6 (10.3%) diseased equids. EHV-2 was detected in a significantly higher proportion (P = 0.002) in horses (54.5%; n = 18) than donkeys (4%; n = 1). In contrast, a significantly higher (P = 0.004) proportion of EHV-5 was detected in donkeys (56%; n =14) than horses (18.2%; n = 6). EHV-2 was detected in a significantly higher (P = 0.006) proportion in equids displaying signs of respiratory disease (16/33; 48.5%) compared to those without disease (3/25; 12%). EHV-2 positive equids were seven times more likely to display clinical signs of respiratory disease than EHV-2-negative equids (OR = 6.9; 95% CI: 1.72-27.60). For EHV-5, the observed difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.832). A significantly higher (P = 0.041) proportion of EHV-2 was detected in equids living in midland (52.9%; n = 9) compared with highland (24.4%; n = 10). Equids residing in the midland were four times more likely to be exposed to EHV-2 than highland equids (OR = 3.97; 95% CI: 1.05 - 14.89). Conclusion: EHV-2 and EHV-5 are highly prevalent both in horses and donkeys residing in central Ethiopia. Species-specific susceptibility differences in EHV-2 and EHV-5 infection are observed. The observed causal association between EHV-2-test-positive and the appearance of clinical signs of respiratory disorders should be further investigated.
Linking Social Vulnerability and Adverse Birth Outcomes in the Southeast United States
Authors: Fotovvat Hoda , Emrich Christopher T. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background

This study aims to explore the relationship between social vulnerability (SoVI)indicators (race/ethnicity, population structure, socioeconomic status, housing structure, and access/functional needs) with low birth weight (LBW) and preterm delivery (PTD) rates across the Southeastern United States.
Methods

Annual low birth weight and premature birth rates for all counties were collected between 2000 and 2015. LBW and PTD were recoded into two categories below (0) and above (1) the annual national average for each year. Multinomial logistic regression (MLR) was employed to conduct regression analysis to investigate the relationship.
Results

Twenty-six and twenty-four different social vulnerability indicators were influential in predicting low birth weight rates and preterm delivery across the SE United States from 2005–2015, respectively. Racial and ethnic variables were among the most frequent influential social vulnerability indicators of low birth weights. Like race and ethnicity, counties with low and medium house values have a higher likelihood of low LBW compared to counties with higher house values. Unlike LBW, race and ethnic characteristics influence PTD rates across the study area in different ways. Whereas LBW rates are driven up in counties with low/medium Hispanic populations compared to high percentage counties, PTD is more strongly associated with Black communities. Further, population structure and socioeconomic status indicators provide the most robust indication of counties more likely to have higher PTD than the national average.
Conclusion

Influential variables point toward a dire need to comprehensively understand the links between social vulnerability and LBW and PTD. Moving toward a comprehensive view of social vulnerability borne out of the hazards literature provides a more robust understanding of the drivers of adverse birth outcomes that has rarely been addressed in the literature.
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Improve Survival in Patients With Locally Advanced Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma- A Propensity-Score-Matched Study
Authors: Wu Ching-Nung , Wu Shao-Chun , Chen Wei-Chih , Yang Yao-Hsu , Chien Chih-Yen , Fang Fu-Min , Li Shau-Hsuan , Luo Sheng-Dean , Chiu Tai-Jan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectives: Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) improve the survival rates of patients with various cancers. However, it remains unclear whether ARBs confer a survival benefit on patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Here, we assessed the associations between ARB use and survival in patients with OSCC of different stages.Materials and Methods: This was a 10-year retrospective cohort study of OSCC patients. We enrolled 7,763 patients diagnosed with oral cancer between January 2007 and December 2017 whose details had been entered into the Chang Gung Research Database. A total of 930 patients receiving surgery were recruited from the Chang Gung Research Database after performing 1:4 propensity score-matching between ARB users and non-users. Cox’s regression models with adjusted covariates were employed to detect factors influencing the survival rates of patients with OSCC.Results: Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the overall survival(OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) rates of 180-day ARB users increased. Cox’s regression models indicated that ARB use, early-stage OSCC, and only surgical intervention were independently prognostic of improved OS and DSS. An increased survival rate was also observed in 180-day ARB users in the stage III, Iva, and IVb categories.Conclusions: ARB use for more than 180 days is associated with an increased survival rate and is a positive, independent prognostic factor in patients with OSCC. These findings highlight the clinical usefulness of ARBs in OSCC patients with advanced disease.
Jianpi Qushi Heluo Formula Alleviates Renal Damages in Passive Hemann Nephritis Rats by Upregulating Parkin-Mediated Mitochondrial Autophagy
Authors: Wang Xin-hui , Lang Rui , Zeng Qin , Chen Nan , Ma Zhi-zhong , Yu Ren-huan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Jianpi Qushi Heluo Formula (JQHF) is an empirical traditional Chinese medicine prescription for treating membranous nephropathy (MN) clinically in China. The therapeutic effect of JQHF has been reported in our previous studies. However, the exact mechanism is still unknown. In this study, by establishing an experimental rat model of MN induced by Sheep anti-rat Fx1A serum, we evaluated the effects of JQHF and Tetrandrine(TET), and Benazepril was used as a positive control group. As an autophagy agonist, TET is one of the most active components in JQHF. After 4 weeks, significant kidney damage was observed in the rats in the Model group; comparatively, JQHF markedly decreased 24 hour urinary protein, total cholesterol (TC) and increased serum albumin (ALB). Histology showed that JQHF significant improvements of glomerular hyperplasia, renal tubular damage, IgG immune complex deposition and the ultrastructure of mitochondria in MN rats. Flow cytometry analysis showed that treatment with JQHF decreasing the level of Reactive Oxygen Species and apoptosis rate, upregulating the level of mitochondrial membrane potential. Western blot analysis demonstrated that JQHF could protect against mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis by upregulating the expression of Parkin and LC3II, and downregulating the expression of Cytochrome c and Cleaved caspase-3 in the kidneys of MN rats. Similarly, TET treatment significantly upregulates the mitochondrial autophagy and decrease the apoptosis of rats after 4 weeks compared with the Model group. Notably, combined with the above results, the ability to alleviates renal damages of JQHF was significantly better than those of Benazepril and TET. It was demonstrated that JQHF could delay pathology damage to the kidney and hold back from the progression of MN by inhibiting apoptosis and upregulating the mitochondrial autophagy by Parkin pathways.
Serum sIL-2R&nbsp;May Predict the Prognosis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbation
Authors: Yue Zhang , Ren Lianping , Sun Jinyuan , Guo Xuejun , Han Fengfeng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous phenomenon associated with inflammation and clinical parameters. Knowing the predictors of poor prognosis in patients with COPD could help to provide adequate intensive therapy and closer follow-up. The aim of this study was to disclose the correlation between the serum soluble IL-2R (sIL-2R) and prognosis in COPD exacerbation. Methods: Two hundred and ninety-four patients with COPD exacerbation were recruited between December 2017 and December 2019. Patients underwent lung function (spirometry) assessment, demographic and clinical parameters were collected, and a metabolic profile and inflammatory profile were created. Adverse outcomes included the following: death during hospitalisation or 1-month follow-up, intensive care unit admission, invasive or non-invasive mechanical ventilation and COPD-related emergency visit or readmission within 1 month after discharge. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors related to adverse outcomes in COPD exacerbation. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the optimal diagnostic threshold for the predictors. Results: We enrolled 294 patients, of whom 157 and 137 had good outcomes and adverse outcomes, respectively. We demonstrated that patients with poor outcomes in COPD exacerbation had a higher smoking index or concomitant congestive heart disease, and patients with hypercapnia were more likely to have a worse prognosis. An elevated level of sIL-2R at admission was an independent risk predictor for poor prognosis in COPD exacerbation with a cut-off value of 860 U/mL. Hypercapnia was the strongest predictor with a cut-off value of 54.25 mmHg. Conclusions: The presence of hypercapnia and elevated level of sIL-2R increased the risk of the adverse outcomes in COPD exacerbation. Keywords: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, exacerbation, hypercapnia, soluble interleukin-2 receptor, predictive factor
The Value of Body Surface Area Used in Postpartum Hemorrhage Define Postpartum Hemorrhage&nbsp;
Authors: Lu Xianyan , Liu Tao , Zhou Yan , Qiu Lili , Dai Yimin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Blood loss as a percentage of total blood volume for redefining PPH may be more appropriate compared to the 500ml cutoff for every pregnant woman. This study is to investigate the value of body surface area in redefining PPH.Methods: In our prospective clinical observational study, we calculated the total blood volume using body surface area and measured blood loss at delivery using gravimetric and volumetric methods for all pregnant women included in our cohort (n=1715). For the five different body surface area groups, we determined different percentages of blood loss in total blood volume among 1201 participants. Furthermore, we compared the prediction values in blood transfusion based on the quantification of bleeding or proportion of blood loss in total blood volume at different quintiles among 514 severe PPH cases. Results: The median total blood volume and body surface area were 4639ml and 1.73 m2, respectively. The median total blood volume increased with increasing body surface area, and the different proportions of total blood volume increased accordingly. The median blood loss was 380ml and represented 8.28% of total blood volume. The median measured 24h blood loss across quintile 1 to 5 was 363ml, 360ml, 390ml, 380ml, 440ml, respectively. Using the definition with blood loss of 500 ml and 13% percentage of total blood volume, the incidence of PPH was 30% and 19%. However, the changes of the circulatory system secondary to obstetric hemorrhage was not significantly different at each quintile. Additionally, use of blood loss or the percentage of blood loss in total blood volume has high specificity and sensitivity as the indicators to predict blood transfusion.Conclusions: Our results suggest that blood loss exceeds 13% of total blood volume as a definition of postpartum hemorrhage. Blood loss above 30% of total blood volume may be recommended for blood transfusion.
Malignant Transformation of Oral Lichen Planus: A Retrospective Study of 565 Japanese Patients
Authors: Tsushima Fumihiko , Sakurai Jinkyo , Uesugi Atsushi , Oikawa Yu , Ohsako Toshimitsu , Mochizuki Yumi , Hirai Hideaki , Kayamori Kou , Harada Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory oral mucosa disease that is recognized as an oral potentially malignant disorder. However, the potentially malignant nature of OLP remains unclear.Materials and Methods We designed this study to examine the demographic and clinical characteristics of OLP and evaluate its malignant potential. A total of 565 patients with a clinical and histopathological diagnosis of OLP who presented at our department between 2001 and 2017 were retrospectively studied. Patients who had clinical and histopathological features of oral lichenoid lesions (OLLs) classified as oral lichenoid contact lesions (OLCLs), oral lichenoid drug reactions (OLDRs) and oral lichenoid lesions of graft-versus-host disease (OLL-GVHD) were excluded.Results The study population included 123 men and 442 women aged 21-93 years (median, 62 years). The 565 patients were followed up for an average duration of 55.9 months, during which 4 (0.7%) patients developed squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In three of these 4 patients who developed SCC, the clinical type of OLP was the red type.Conclusions Our results suggested that OLP was associated with a low risk of malignant transformation. Further investigation of the clinical risk factors associated with malignant transformation is necessary.Clinical relevance We recommend regular follow-up for OLP patients and clear differentiation of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and OLLs to enable early detection of malignant transformation.