bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating Biomarkers in Breast Cancer Prognosis and Survival: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cheng Junrui , Liu Shanshan , Zhang Fang Fang 
Published: June 2021

PurposePrevious studies of survivors of breast cancer have drawn heterogeneous conclusions regarding the association between circulating biomarkers and breast cancer prognosis and survival. We sought to determine the role of circulating biomarkers in breast cancer prognosis and survival through the conduct of a systematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsA MEDLINE search was performed from its inception through 2014. Studies met the inclusion criteria if they: (1) included at least 10 women diagnosed with breast cancer of any age, stage, and menopausal status; (2) assessed circulating biomarkers at least one year prior to ascertaining breast cancer prognosis and survival outcomes; (3) evaluated all‐cause mortality, breast cancer death, recurrence, or disease‐free survival.ResultsTwenty‐six studies met the inclusion criteria for systematic review. Fourteen studies were subject to meta‐analysis that included a total of 11,954 breast cancer survivors. High circulating levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP) were associated with an increased risk of all‐cause mortality (HR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1‐2.5), breast cancer death (HR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.4‐2.4), recurrence (HR = 1.3, 95% CI: 0.9‐1.9), and reduced disease‐free survival (HR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.3‐2.2). High circulating levels of glucose were associated with an increased risk of all‐cause mortality (HR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2‐2.8) and breast cancer recurrence (HR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.0‐2.6). Existing evidence did not support associations between other circulating biomarkers and breast cancer prognosis and survival.ConclusionsCirculating CRP and glucose can serve as valuable biomarkers to predict breast cancer prognosis and survival.
Circulating folate levels and colorectal adenoma: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Youn Jiyoung , Lee Jung Eun 
Published: June 2021

To investigate the effect of folate on colorectal neoplasia, we conducted a meta‐analysis of epidemiologic studies and examined whether circulating folate levels were associated with colorectal adenoma.We searched the relevant published articles through the PubMed databases and also identified the reference lists of the retrieved articles. We also included our case‐control study examining the relation between circulating folate levels and colorectal adenoma in Korean adults. The study‐specific relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from individual studies were pooled using a random‐effects model and heterogeneity were analyzed using I2 statistic. Two cross‐sectional, four case‐control, and four randomized trial studies were included in the present meta‐analysis. We included only placebo group from randomized trial studies of folic acid supplementation. We observed a significant inverse association for colorectal adenoma (combined RR = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.66‐0.87), comparing the top versus bottom categories of circulating folate levels. When we limited our analysis to clinical trials of recurrent adenoma, the combined RRs (95% CIs) comparing the top with the bottom categories were 0.68 (95% CI: 0.54‐0.82). The findings from this meta‐analysis suggest the evidence that circulating folate levels has an inverse association with colorectal adenoma.
Coffee Consumption and Risk of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Nelson Shakira , Weinstein Stephanie , Albanes Demetrius 
Published: June 2021

As one of the most commonly consumed beverages in the world, coffee is being increasingly examined in epidemiological studies. Recent studies have focused on coffee and its potential impact on the development of prostate cancer, where a material association could have a significant impact in public health. To examine the coffee‐prostate cancer association, we analyzed prospective data from the Alpha‐Tocopherol, Beta‐Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study cohort that enrolled 50‐69 year old male smokers in southwest Finland between 1985 and 1988, and currently has nearly 30 years of follow‐up. Coffee consumption was assessed at baseline using a validated modified food frequency questionnaire. Participants contributed person‐time from the date of study randomization until a prostate cancer diagnosis, death (any cause), or the end of the follow‐up (December 31, 2012), and relative risk was examined with Cox proportional hazards regression models. Non‐coffee drinkers showed lower risk, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.81 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.58‐1.15) when compared to men who drank 0 ‐1 cups per day. Furthermore, consuming 4+ cups of coffee per day was associated with increased prostate cancer risk, where the HR was 1.16 (95% CI = 0.98‐1.36, p‐value for trend = 0.05). If confirmed, our findings may have implications regarding approaches to lowering prostate cancer risk.Research supported by the Intramural Program of the National Cancer Institute, NIH.
Soy and cruciferous vegetables intake and side effects of endocrine therapy in Caucasian and Chinese breast cancer patients
Authors: Fung T , Gomez S , Hwang YT , Dash C , Allen L , Hilakivi‐Clarke L , Wang J 
Published: June 2021

In this cross‐sectional analysis, we examined the relationship between soy and cruciferous vegetable intake and common endocrine therapy side effects among breast cancer patients.Participants were 193 non‐Hispanic white and 207 Chinese women (mean age=57.0) with stage 0‐III breast cancer and at least one year post diagnosis. Vegetables and soy foods intake was obtained from a food frequency questionnaire. Treatment side effects symptoms were assessed by a telephone interview. Self reported counts of side effect symptoms were categorized into “yes/no”. Dietary intake was categorized into 3 categories and odds ratios for adverse effects were computed adjusting for multiple confounders.48% of the women were postmenopausal and mean BMI=24.2. Most were inactive or minimally active. After multivariable adjustment, higher soy foods and isoflavones intake was associated with a lower odds of experiencing side effects of endocrine therapy such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness. Comparing highest to no intake of intake the OR for soy foods was 0.48 (95% CI=0.25, 0.93), and OR for isoflavones was 0.47 (95% CI=0.24, 0.91). Among Chinese women, higher isoflavones intake was associated with less self‐reported memory loss, OR=0.44 (95% CI=0.20, 0.99) and hair thinning 0.41 (95% CI=0.18, 0.93).Higher intake of soy foods or isoflavones is associated with a lower odds of endocrine treatment side effects among breast cancer survivors.
Dietary Flavonoid Intake and Weight Change
Authors: Bertoia Monica , Rimm Eric , Mukamal Kenneth , Hu Frank , Willett Walter , Cassidy Aedin 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundHigher flavonoid consumption may be associated with less weight gain over time through mechanisms related to energy balance, glucose metabolism, fat oxidation, and adipokine secretion.ObjectiveTo examine whether intake of specific flavonoid sub‐classes is associated with weight change over time.MethodsWe examined the association between change in intake of the range of flavonoid sub‐classes and change in weight in three large prospective cohorts of 124,102 men and women participating in the Health Professionals Follow‐up Study (HPFS), Nurses' Health Study (NHS), and Nurses' Health Study II (NHS II). From 1986 to 2006, these associations were examined within multiple 4‐year time intervals, adjusting for simultaneous changes in other lifestyle factors including other aspects of diet, smoking status, and physical activity. Results were combined using a fixed effects meta‐analysis.ResultsIncreased consumption of all flavonoid sub‐classes was inversely associated with weight change over 4‐year time intervals. The greatest magnitude of association was observed for anthocyanins (‐0.52 lbs, 95% CI ‐0.74 to ‐0.30 lbs per additional SD/day, 22 mg).ConclusionsThese data may help to refine previous dietary recommendations for the prevention of obesity. This research was supported by the NIH, the Danish Council for Strategic Research, and the Rose Traveling Fellowship.Table. 4‐Year Weight Change (lbs, 95% CI) Associated with Increased Daily Flavonoid Intake (1 SD/day)

HPFS
NHS
NHS II
Pooled

SD
n=20,541
n=39,423
n=64,138
n = 124,102

Flavonols
13 mg
‐0.28 (‐1.37, ‐0.19)
‐0.15 (‐0.22, ‐0.09)
‐0.41 (‐0.48, ‐0.34)
‐0.28 (‐0.44, ‐0.12)

Flavones
1.9 mg
‐0.15 (‐0.26, ‐0.05)
‐0.37 (‐0.45, ‐0.28)
‐0.42 (‐0.49, ‐0.35)
‐0.32 (‐0.47, ‐0.17)

Flavanones
37 mg
‐0.17 (‐0.29, ‐0.06)
‐0.09 (‐0.17, ‐0.00)
‐0.05 (‐0.11, 0.01)
‐0.09 (‐0.16, ‐0.03)

Flavan‐3‐ols
61 mg
‐0.13 (‐0.21, ‐0.04)
‐0.03 (‐0.10, 0.03)
‐0.16 (‐0.22, ‐0.09)
‐0.10 (‐0.18, ‐0.03)

Anthocyanins
22 mg
‐0.42 (‐0.51, ‐0.32)
‐0.41 (‐0.48, ‐0.34)
‐0.72 (‐0.79, ‐0.66)
‐0.52 (‐0.74, ‐0.30)

Polymers
271 mg
‐0.22 (‐0.31, ‐0.13)
‐0.14 (‐0.21, 0.08)
‐0.33 (‐0.40, ‐0.26)
‐0.23 (‐0.35, ‐0.12)

Total flavonoids
298 mg
‐0.26 (‐0.35, ‐0.17)
‐0.16 (‐0.23, ‐0.10)
‐0.37 (‐0.43, ‐0.30)
‐0.26 (‐0.39, ‐0.14)

Adjusted for age and change in BMI, smoking status, physical activity, hours of sitting, hours of sleep, and diet.
Plasma Nutrient Biomarkers are Associated with Waist‐to‐Height Ratio in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes: SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Nutrition Ancillary Study
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Crandell Jamie , Couch Sarah , King Irena , Lawrence Jean , Dabelea Dana , Lamichhane Archana , Kim Grace , Bell Ronny , Zhu Shankuan , Mayer‐Davis Elizabeth 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundPlasma nutrient biomarkers may be associated with waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR) in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D).Design1,416 youth aged 3‐20 years at diagnosis were included at baseline and 1,178 youth had a follow‐up visit after 23 (range 16‐40) months. Data on plasma phospholipid fatty acids, desaturase activities and vitamins were obtained at baseline. Multiple linear regression was used with adjustment for demographic and diabetes‐related confounders. Findings were stratified by weight status when significant (P<0.05) effect modification was observed.ResultsIn cross‐sectional analysis, palmitic acid (P=0.001), dihomo‐γ‐linolenic acid (DGLA, P=0.003) and Δ6‐desaturase (D6D, P=0.0004) were positively; oleic acid (P=0.014), linoleic acid (LA, P=0.002) and vitamin D (VD, P<0.0001) were negatively associated with WHtR. In normal weight youth, VD (P=0.003) was negatively associated with WHtR. In obese youth, DGLA (P<0.0001) and D6D (P<0.0001) were positively; Δ9‐desaturase‐18 activity (P=0.011) and VD (P<0.0001) were negatively associated with WHtR. In longitudinal analysis, baseline LA (P=0.017), n‐6/n‐3 fatty acid ratio (P=0.017), VD (P=0.003) and vitamin E (P=0.0001) were negatively associated with WHtR at follow‐up only in obese youth.ConclusionsPlasma nutrient biomarkers are associated with WHtR in T1D youth, most commonly among those who are obese.
Hepcidin, Iron Status and Inflammation in School‐Aged Nepalese Children
Authors: Baker Sarah , Schulze Kerry , Wu Lee , Christian Parul , West Keith 
Published: June 2021

Iron deficiency (ID) is common throughout life in developing countries, but concurrent inflammation (INF) challenges interpretation of conventional iron status indicators. Hepcidin, an iron‐regulatory hormone, may improve iron status assessment when ID and INF coexist. Hepcidin is elevated in the presence of iron stores and INF, thereby preventing iron absorption. We assessed plasma hepcidin among 6‐8 year old children of rural Nepal (n=498) to determine its association with ferritin, transferrin receptor (TfR), and INF (C‐reactive protein, CRP > 5.0 mg/L, α‐1 acid glycoprotein, AGP > 1.0 g/L, or both), measured previously. Variables were ln‐transformed to normalize distributions. Ferritin was adjusted downward when INF was present by a multiplicative factor of 0.756, based on the ratio of the geometric mean of ferritin in the absence relative to presence of INF. Median (interquartile range) of hepcidin was 12.0 (6.7, 21.1) μg/L. ID as ferritin<15 mg/L occurred in 11.0% while INF occurred in 30.7% of children. Estimates of hepcidin values based on regression were geometric mean (95%CI): 11.6 (10.6, 12.7) with no INF and no ID, 3.8 (2.9, 5.0) with no INF and ID, 15.8 (13.3, 18.5) with INF and no ID, and 6.4 (4.3, 2.2) with INF and ID. Similar analyses with TfR did not reveal a significant impact of concurrence of ID (adjusted TfR>8.3 mg/mL) and INF on hepcidin, despite a higher prevalence of ID by elevated TfR (36.4%). These data are consistent with evidence that hepcidin is positively associated with iron stores and INF, but suggest a stronger role for compromised iron stores than inflammation in this setting.Supported by Gates Foundation grants OPPGH5241 and GH614 (Global Control of Micronutrient Deficiency).
Maternal Folic Acid/Vitamin B12 Imbalance Programs Hepatic Gene Expression in Female Offspring
Authors: Aljaadi Abeer , Aleliunas Rika , Glier Melissa , Green Tim , Miller Joshua , Devlin Angela 
Published: June 2021

Epidemiological studies reported an association between gestational exposure to high maternal folate and low vitamin B12 (B12) status and greater adiposity and insulin resistance in children. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of developmental exposure to maternal folic acid (FA)/B12 imbalance on programming of adiposity, liver gene expression, and methyl metabolites in adult female offspring. Female C57BL/6 mice were fed a high FA/adequate B12 (HFA+B12), high FA/no B12 (HFA‐B12), or control diet 6 weeks prior to mating and through pregnancy and lactation. Female offspring mice were weaned onto the control diet or a Western diet, and fed for 35 weeks (n=6 mice/group). Independent of post weaning diet, female offspring from dams fed the HFA‐B12 diet had lower Mtr mRNA. Further, offspring from dams fed the HFA‐B12 diet had higher Mthfr and lower Ppara mRNA when they were fed the Western diet, compared to offspring from dams fed the HFA+B12 diet. Western diet‐fed offspring from dams fed the HFA‐B12 diet also had lower hepatic S‐adenosylmethionine concentrations, compared to those from control‐fed dams. Unlike the Western diet‐fed, control‐fed offspring from dams fed the HFA diet (independent of maternal B12) had greater abdominal fat mass. Offspring serum B12 concentrations were positively associated with abdominal fat mass. These findings suggest that developmental exposure to maternal high FA/low B12 programs expression of genes in the liver of adult offspring mice, and that serum B12 concentrations are related to visceral adiposity.Supported by NSERC
Effects of iron supplementation on DNA damage of lymphocytes in rats
Authors: Ma Aiguo , He Limin , Sun Yongye , Cai Jing , Zhang Huaqi , Wang Yajin , Wu Dayong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIron‐induced oxidative stress has been shown to cause a variety of cell damage. In the current study we investigated the effect of different doses of iron supplementation on DNA damage of lymphocytes in rats. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four diet groups:1) control (4.5 mg iron/kg·bw), iron deficiency (1.5 mg iron/kg·bw), 10x supplementation (45 mg iron/kg·bw) and 20x supplementation(90 mg iron/kg·bw). Iron was administered by intraperitoneal injection of 0.72ml iron dextran every other day for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, serum iron levels were determined by spectrophotometyand lymphocytes DNA damage was assessed using comet assay. We found that the serum iron levels in iron deficiency group (53.54 μmol/L) were significantly lower compared tothe control group (77.62μmol/L)(P<0.001), while the serum iron levels in both 10x group (104.77μmol/L) and 20 x group (205.30μmol/L) were significantly higher compared to the control group (P<0.001). We also found that the DNA damage in 10x group (82.80AU) and 20x group (169.50AU) was significantly higher compared to the control group (21.13AU, P<0.001). In addition, the DNA damage induced by 10μmol/L H2O2 showed a significantly higher oxidative DNA damage in 10xgroup (293.80AU) and 20x group (308.88AU) compared to the control group(259.00AU, P<0.001). In conclusion, iron overload as supplemented with 10x and 20x of the adequate (control) level may induce oxidative damage tolymphocyte DNA .Supported by NSFC‐81373000.
Estimation of Dietary Flavonoid Intake and Major Food Sources of Korean Adults‐ the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2007‐2012‐*
Authors: Jun Shinyoung , Shin Sangah , Kim Seongah , Min Chanyang , Park Soyoung , Joung Hyojee 
Published: June 2021

Epidemiological studies suggest flavonoids have preventive effects on chronic diseases. In this study, we aimed to estimate the intakes of total and individual flavonoids of Korean adults, their major dietary sources, and the association with sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. We constructed the flavonoid database for all foods reported by the 24‐h dietary recall (DR) of the KNHANES 2007‐2012 using data from Rural Development Administration of Korea, US Department of Agriculture, Japan Functional Food Factor Database, and other analytic studies. This database, which covers 50.0% of all food items, was linked with 24‐h DR data of 33581 subjects aged 蠅19 years in the KNHANES 2007‐2012. Mean daily total flavonoid intake of subjects was 245.12 mg/d, from flavonols (24.3%), isoflavones (22.3%), flavanols (21.8%), flavonones (16.0%), anthocyanins (15.2%), and flavones (0.4%). The major food sources were fruits(52.7%), vegetables(25.5%), legumes and legume products(17.6%), beverages and alcohols(2.5%). By food items, apple was the highest contributor to the total flavonoid intake, followed by mandarin, tofu, and onion. In addition, the flavonoid intake increased with age (P=0.0007) and education level (P<0.0001). Antioxidant capacity of flavonoids in the diet and the health benefits of dietary flavonoids need further investigation using the database and estimates in this study.*This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) grant funded by the Korea government(MSIP) (2014R1A2A2A01003138).
Network‐based Characterization of Inflammation Biomarkers, Phytochemicals and Disease
Authors: Kamanu Frederick , Zirkler Estelle , Obin Martin , Ordovas Jose , Parnell Laurence , Smith Caren 
Published: June 2021

Chronic inflammation is often a major contributor to the onset and progression of cardiometabolic dysfunction. Whether through effects on the inflammatory response system or independent of inflammation, plant‐derived polyphenols comprise a micro‐nutrient class important in cardiovascular disease and other cardiometabolic traits. Well‐known effects of these compounds include reducing blood glucose, acting as a diuretic, and raising HDL cholesterol. Using a computational approach, published phytochemicals and disease interaction information was mined from the literature and integrated with publicly available phytochemical data, including those relating specific phytochemicals to food items. The resulting federated database can be interrogated for the purpose of constructing molecular networks that depict relationships between diet, cardiometabolic traits, aging and inflammation. This nutrition‐inflammation interactome is a useful tool to understanding the diet‐disease‐inflammation axis and is also a vehicle for generating testable hypotheses in the laboratory setting.Funding: FY 15 Genomics account ‐ H020001 DA9519
Higher Frequency of PMS2 Loss in Colorectal Tumors in Colombian Population
Authors: Shamekh Rania , Cives Mauro , Mejia Jaime , Coppola Domenico 
Published: June 2021

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the fourth most common cause of death worldwide. It accounts for over 9% of all cancer. One of the pathogenic factors of CRC is germ line mutation, leading to alteration and inactivation of the mismatch repair (MMR) genes.The aim of the study is to compare the frequency of alterations in MMR protein expression in CRC of Caucasian as compared to Colombian patients.Forty five Colombians (21F: 24M; age ranging between 27‐91 years; median 63 years) and 48 Caucasians (21F:27M; age ranging between 35‐92 years; median 65 years) with CRC were studied. The tumors microsatellite instability (MSI) status was determined in primary CRC by immunohistochemistry using the automated Ventana Ultra.The combined loss of MLH1 and PMS2 was the most common alteration in both Colombians (11%, 5 out of 45) and Caucasians (12%, 6 out of 48) CRC patients. Interestingly, the loss of PMS2 expression in the presence of intact MLH1 was the second most common alteration in Colombians (8%, 4 out of 45) which was never seen in the Caucasians cohort ( p‐value: 蠄0.05). The loss of MLH1 alone and the combined loss of MSH6 and PMS2 expression was only observed in one out of 45 (2%) in Colombians but not in Caucasians. The combined loss of MSH2 and MSH6 was not observed in any of the patients studied. The current findings highlight the significant difference in alterations of MMR protein expression in CRC patients from Colombia compared to Caucasians. These findings are novel and warrant further studies in larger cohorts.
Trends in Breast Lesions in Lagos, Nigeria: Changing or Static?
Authors: Obadofin Omobolade , Daramola Adetola 
Published: June 2021

Breast lesions are one of the commonest lesions seen in many surgical pathology laboratories and most of these are benign. However about 1 in 4 are malignant. The age standardized incidence rate of breast cancer in Nigeria is relatively low compared to breast cancer rates in North America, but the morbidity and mortality is much higher. ObjectiveTo analyze the trend in frequency of breast lesions over a 15 year period and determine if there are any significant changes in Lagos, SW Nigeria. MethodRecords of all breast specimens received from January 1999 – December 2013 were retrieved and analyzed. The 15 years were divided into 3 time periods: 1999‐2003, 2004‐2008 and 2009‐2013. Results34,084 biopsies were received over the 15 years of which 5,599 were breast specimens which accounted for 14.9, 18.8 and 16.0% of total biopsies in the 3 time periods respectively. Benign breast lesions (BBL) constituted 77.6, 76.3 and 64.6%, while malignant breast lesions (MBL) accounted for 22.4, 23.7 and 35.4% respectively. This shows a progressive decrease in the ratio of BBL to MBL. The decrease is more significant in the last 5 years (2009‐2013). The peak age for BBL was consistently in the 3rd decade while that for MBL was the 4th decade in the 1999‐2003 time period then changed to the 5th decade for the latter 2 time periods. 2.7% of the breast biopsies were males'. Of these, 75% were BBL while 25% were MBL. Over the 3 time periods, MBL constituted 35.6, 25.5 and 16% of male breast lesions and 30, 23.6 and 35.9% of female breast lesions. ConclusionOver the last 15 years, the proportion of MBL to BBL has increased; the peak age for BBL has remained the 3rd decade while that for MBL has increased from the 4th to the 5th decade. However, the proportion of MBL to BBL in males has decreased whereas this proportion has increased in females.