bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clergy-Perpetrated Sexual Abuse in Ghana: A Media Content Analysis of Survivors, Offenders, and Offence Characteristics
Authors: Quarshie Emmanuel Nii-Boye , Davies Priscilla Ayebea , Acharibasam Jeremiah Wezenamo , Owiredua Christiana , Atorkey Prince , Quarshie Daniel Annang , Quarshie Sandra Naa-Shasha 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhile there are no official data and published studies on clergy-perpetrated sexual abuse (CPSA) from Ghana, local media reports continue to show worrying trends of the phenomenon. We drew on 73 media reports from January 2000 to March 2019, to describe the offence characteristics and profiles of the perpetrators and survivors of CPSA in Ghana. The findings showed females aged 10–19 as predominant survivors. The perpetrators were all males found guilty of lone rape, incest, defilement, indecent assault, sodomy, attempted rape, or gang rape. A preventive measure could involve streamlining the recruitment, training, and leadership structures of the church.
Gibbs Distribution from Sequentially Predictive Form of the Second Law
Authors: Hiura Ken 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe propose a prequential or sequentially predictive formulation of the work extraction where an external agent repeats the extraction of work from a heat engine by cyclic operations based on his predictive strategy. We show that if we impose the second law of thermodynamics in this situation, the empirical distribution of the initial microscopic states of the engine must converge to the Gibbs distribution of the initial Hamiltonian under some strategy, even though no probability distribution are assumed. We also propose a protocol where the agent can change only a small number of control parameters linearly coupled to the conjugate variables. We find that in the restricted situation the prequential form of the second law of thermodynamics implies the strong law of large numbers of the conjugate variables with respect to the control parameters. Finally, we provide a game-theoretic interpretation of our formulation and find that the prequential work extraction can be interpreted as a testing procedure for random number generator of the Gibbs distribution.
Thermochemical compatibilization of reclaimed tire rubber/ poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) blend using electron beam irradiation and amine-based chemical
Authors: Ramarad Suganti , Ratnam Chantara Thevy , Munusamy Yamuna , Rahim Nor Azura Abdul , Muniyadi Mathialagan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWaste tire rubber is commonly recycled by blending with other polymers. However, the mechanical properties of these blends were poor due to lack of adhesion between the matrix and the waste tire rubber. In this research, the use of electron beam irradiation and (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxy silane (APTES) on enhancing the performance of 50 wt% reclaimed tire rubber (RTR) blend with 50 wt% poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) was investigated. Preparation of RTR/EVA blends were carried out in the internal mixer. The blends were then exposed to electron beam (EB) irradiation at doses ranging from 50 to 200 kGy. APTES loading was varied between 1 to 10 wt%. The processing, morphological, mechanical, and calorimetric properties of the blends were investigated. The stabilization torque and total mixing energy was higher in compatibilized blends. Mechanical properties of RTR/EVA blends were improved due to efficiency of APTES in further reclaiming the RTR and compatibilizing the blends. APTES improved the dispersion of embedded smaller RTR particles in EVA matrix and crosslinking efficiency of the blends. Calorimetric studies showed increased crystallinity in compatibilized blends which corresponds to improved mechanical properties. However, the ductility of the blend was decreased due to increased interaction between EVA and APTES. Presence of APTES increased the efficiency of electron beam irradiation induced crosslinking which was shown through gel content analysis and Charlesby-Pinner equation.
Internationalization of family firms: the effect of CEO attributes
Authors: Sánchez Pulido Laura , Moreno Gené Jordi , Gallizo Larraz José Luis 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the influence of CEO characteristics on the internationalization of family businesses. The study is based on Upper Echelons Theory, where organizational performance is related to the cognitive foundations and values of the managers of the family business. This work aims to contribute to the construction of a link between research in management teams and theoretical studies on family businesses. Using Probit and Tobit regression analyses on a sample of 1005 Spanish family businesses, this study demonstrates that CEOs with some specific characteristics are more likely to adopt some strategies for the internationalization of a company. For example, the type of studies undertaken by the CEO or the existence of a consensual strategic plan within the family business are positively linked to the adoption of an exportation strategy. Also, previous professional experience outside the family business or being a first-generation family member contributes to going international via establishing strategic alliances, while being a tenured CEO shows a positive effect on an internationalization strategy based on direct investment, but a negative effect on the establishment of strategic alliances. Finally, a family member CEO negatively affects an internationalization strategy based on direct investment. The results also affirm that the internationalization strategy is determined by the size of the business and the sector in which it operates.
Economic damages due to extreme precipitation during tropical storms: evidence from Jamaica
Authors: Collalti Dino , Strobl Eric 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study investigates economic damage risk due to extreme rainfall during tropical storms in Jamaica. To this end, remote sensing precipitation data are linked to regional damage data for five storms. Extreme value modelling of precipitation is combined with an estimated damage function and satellite-derived nightlight intensity to estimate local risk in monetary terms. The results show that variation in maximum rainfall during a storm significantly contributes to parish level damages even after controlling for local wind speed. For instance, the damage risk for a 20 year rainfall event in Jamaica is estimated to be at least 238 million USD, i.e. about 1.5% of Jamaica’s yearly GDP.
A synthetic phytosiderophore analog, proline-2′-deoxymugineic acid, is efficiently utilized by dicots
Authors: Ueno Daisei , Ito Yuta , Ohnishi Miho , Miyake Chikahiro , Sohtome Takayuki , Suzuki Motofumi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Phytosiderophores (PS) from grasses solubilize sparingly soluble iron (Fe), and the resultant PS-Fe is an Fe source even for dicots. Recently, the synthetic PS proline-2′-deoxymugineic acid (PDMA) has been developed as a moderately biodegradable Fe fertilizer for grasses. We aimed to investigate whether PDMA-Fe is also a good Fe source for dicots.

Methods
The availability of PDMA-Fe to cucumber was evaluated in a calcareous substrate and hydroponic cultures at pH 7.0–9.0 by determining chlorophyll level, PSII activity, and Fe uptake. EDDHA-Fe, EDTA-Fe, and citrate-Fe were used as controls. The reducibility of Fe chelates by roots was measured to determine the mechanism underlying differences in availability. Expressions of Fe deficiency-inducible genes were analyzed to estimate the Fe status in plants.

Results
The application of PDMA-Fe and EDDHA-Fe to a calcareous substrate reduced Fe-deficient chlorosis to a similar extent; however, the shoot Fe concentration was higher in the PDMA-Fe treatment. In the hydroponic culture, the availability of PDMA-Fe was higher than that of the other chelates at all pH levels, and this was confirmed by higher PSII activity and lower expression of Fe deficiency-inducible genes. The reducibility assay revealed that the reduction level of PDMA-Fe was greater than that of EDTA-Fe and citrate-Fe under alkaline pH.

Conclusions
PDMA-Fe is utilized by cucumber roots more efficiently than traditional synthetic chelates in both calcareous substrate and hydroponic cultures. The higher availability of PDMA-Fe may be attributed to its higher reducibility. Our findings suggest that PDMA-Fe could be a good Fe fertilizer for dicots.
Variational Principles for Maximization Problems with Lower-semicontinuous Goal Functions
Authors: Ivanov M. , Kenderov P.S. , Revalski J.P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLet X be a completely regular topological space and f a real-valued bounded from above lower semicontinuous function in it. Let C(X) be the space of all bounded continuous real-valued functions in X endowed with the usual sup-norm. We show that the following two properties are equivalent:

X is α-favourable (in the sense of the Banach-Mazur game);

The set of functions h in C(X) for which f + h attains its supremum in X contains a dense and Gδ-subset of the space C(X).

In particular, property (b) has place if X is a compact space or, more generally, if X is homeomorphic to a dense Gδ subset of a compact space.We show also the equivalence of the following stronger properties:

X contains some dense completely metrizable subset;

the set of functions h in C(X) for which f + h has strong maximum in X contains a dense and Gδ-subset of the space C(X).

If X is a complete metric space and f is bounded, then the set of functions h from C(X) for which f + h has both strong maximum and strong minimum in X contains a dense Gδ-subset of C(X).
Direct Comparison of [18F]F-DPA with [18F]DPA-714 and [11C]PBR28 for Neuroinflammation Imaging in the same Alzheimer’s Disease Model Mice and Healthy Controls
Authors: López-Picón Francisco R. , Keller Thomas , Bocancea Diana , Helin Jatta S. , Krzyczmonik Anna , Helin Semi , Damont Annelaure , Dollé Frédéric , Rinne Juha O. , Haaparanta-Solin Merja , Solin Olof 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
In this study we compared the recently developed TSPO tracer [18F]F-DPA, with [18F]DPA-714 and [11C]PBR28 by performing in vivo PET imaging on the same Alzheimer’s disease mouse model APP/PS1-21 (TG) and wild-type (WT) mice with all three radiotracers.

Procedures
To compare the radiotracer uptake, percentage of injected dose/mL (%ID/mL), standardized uptake value ratios to cerebellum (SUVRCB), and voxel-wise analyses were performed.

Results
The peak uptake of [18F]F-DPA was higher than 4.3% ID/mL, while [18F]DPA-714 reached just over 3% ID/mL, and [11C]PBR28 was over 4% ID/mL in only one brain region in the WT mice. The peak/60-min uptake ratios of [18F]F-DPA were significantly higher (p < 0.001) than those of [18F]DPA-714 and [11C]PBR28. The differences in [18F]F-DPA SUVRCB between WT and TG mice were highly significant (p < 0.001) in the three studied time periods after injection. [18F]DPA-714 uptake was significantly higher in TG mice starting in the 20–40-min timeframe and increased thereafter, whereas [11C]PBR28 uptake became significant at 10–20 min (p < 0.05). The voxel-wise analysis confirmed the differences between the radiotracers.

Conclusions
[18F]F-DPA displays higher brain uptake, higher TG-to-WT SUVRCB ratios, and faster clearance than [18F]DPA-714 and [11C]PBR28, and could prove useful for detecting low levels of inflammation and allow for shorter dynamic PET scans.
Gender Differences in Children’s Psychological Well-Being in Mainland China: Risk and Protective Factors
Authors: Geng Yanling , He Longtao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDespite extensive research on children’s psychological well-being, little consensus about gender’s influence has been reached. In response, we examined gender differences in children’s psychological well-being in mainland China, along with the gender-based risk and protective factors and their effects on psychological well-being. For a sample, we compiled data with 2466 children aged between 10 and 15 years old derived from the China Family Panel Studies. Among our results, an independent sample t test indicated that girls in China reported higher psychological well-being than boys. A multiple regression analysis revealed that certain protective factors associated with children’s competence and protective factors in their family and school systems could promote the psychological well-being of both boys and girls, while risk factors such as academic pressure and parent–child conflict were detrimental to the psychological health of all children regardless of gender. We discuss gender differences in those risk and protective effects, and with reference to our findings, we propose social service recommendations aimed at boosting the psychological well-being of children in mainland China.
Quantile inference for nonstationary processes with infinite variance innovations
Authors: Liu Qi-meng , Liao Gui-li , Zhang Rong-mao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBased on the quantile regression, we extend Koenker and Xiao (2004) and Ling and McAleer (2004)’s works from finite-variance innovations to infinite-variance innovations. A robustt-ratio statistic to test for unit-root and a re-sampling method to approximate the critical values of thet-ratio statistic are proposed in this paper. It is shown that the limit distribution of the statistic is a functional of stable processes and a Brownian bridge. The finite sample studies show that the proposedt-ratio test always performs significantly better than the conventional unit-root tests based on least squares procedure, such as the Augmented Dick Fuller (ADF) and Philliphs-Perron (PP) test, in the sense of power and size when infinite-variance disturbances exist. Also, quantile Kolmogorov-Smirnov (QKS) statistic and quantile Cramer-von Mises (QCM) statistic are considered, but the finite sample studies show that they perform poor in power and size, respectively. An application to the Consumer Price Index for nine countries is also presented.
More than meets the eye: use of computer vision algorithms to identify stone tool material through the analysis of cut mark micro-morphology
Authors: Cifuentes-Alcobendas Gabriel , Domínguez-Rodrigo Manuel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractArtificial intelligence algorithms have recently been applied to taphonomic questions with great success, outperforming previous methods of bone surface modification (BSM) identification. Following these new developments, here we try different deep learning model architectures, optimizers and activation functions to assess if it is possible to identify a stone tool’s raw material simply by looking at the cut marks that it created on bone. The deep learning models correctly discerned between flint, sandstone and quartzite with accuracy rates as high as 78%. Also, single models seem to work better than ensemble ones, and there is no optimal combination of hyperparameters that perform better in every possible scenario. Model fine-tuning is thus advised as a protocol. These results consolidate the potential of deep learning methods to make classifications out of BSM’s microscopic features with a higher degree of confidence and more objectively than alternative taphonomic procedures.
Insights into the application of soccer-specific actions in established and new game forms of youth soccer
Authors: Lex Heiko , Simon Malte , Schwab Sebastian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSoccer is constantly changing regarding the demands of the new generation. At its best, young players develop outstanding technical and tactical skills as well as a wealth of competition experience. In addition to targeted training, maintaining motivation is one of the biggest challenges facing youth coaches. One possible way is to build their confidence while having fun. As a new game form, 3 vs. 3 unites the main events of the soccer game, challenges young players in a versatile manner, and promotes joy. In the present study, 23 games played in the new and 16 games played in the established competitive styles (7 vs. 7 and 6 vs. 6) were compared and analyzed regarding the variables passing, dribbling, shooting, and scoring. MANOVA revealed a significant effect for the factor game form: F(4,33) = 8.974, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.521. Additionally, post-hoc comparisons (using Sidak correction) indicated a significantly higher number for the occurrence of each game event in the new game form. This finding suggests an increased involvement. Child-friendly small-sided games (SSG; like the new game form) will help to promote children in the best way and inspire them to play soccer for a long time.
Congenital amusia—pathology of musical disorder
Authors: Szyfter Krzysztof , Wigowska-Sowińska Jadwiga 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAmusia also known as tone deafness affects roughly 1.5% population. Congenital amusia appears from birth and lasts over life span. Usually, it is not associated with other diseases. Its link to hearing impairment has been definitively excluded. Neurobiological studies point to asymmetrical processing of musical signals in auditory cortex of left and right brain hemispheres. The finding was supported by discovering microlesions in the right-side gray matter. Because of its connection with asymmetry, amusia has been classified to disconnection syndromes. Alternatively to the neurobiological explanation of amusia background, an attention was turned to the significance of genetic factors. The studies done on relatives and twins indicated familial aggregation of amusia. Molecular genetic investigations linked amusia with deletion of 22q11.2 chromosome region. Until now no specific genes responsible for development of amusia were found.
Optimization of several surface treatment processes for alleviating fretting damage of a locking pin
Authors: He Jifan , Cai Zhenbing , Ren Yanping , Peng Jinfang , Liu Jianhua , Zhu Minhao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe operational safety and reliability of a variable gauge train are affected by the anti-fretting wear performance of the locking mechanism. The main purpose of this study is to optimize the surface treatment process for a locking pin material under actual service conditions to alleviate fretting damage. Based on the two basic principles of surface strengthening and friction reduction, a substrate (AISI 4135 steel) surface was treated by laser quenching (LQ), plasma nitriding (PN), and bonded MoS2 coating. Systematic fretting wear tests were conducted, and the wear behavior and damage mechanism of various treated surfaces were comprehensively investigated. The results indicate that the wear resistances of the LQ- and PN-treated surfaces were significantly improved, and their main wear mechanisms were abrasive wear, delamination, and oxidation wear. The MoS2 coating exhibits the lowest friction coefficient and energy dissipation due to its self-lubricating property, but it incurs the highest wear rate and failure in the form of plastic deformation. Furthermore, the rough compound layer with a high hardness on the PN-treated surface is conducive to the formation and maintenance of the third-body contact at the fretting interface, consequently resulting in a significant reduction in wear. An optimal surface treatment process for alleviating fretting damage of the locking pin is recommended via comprehensive evaluation, which provides a reference for the anti-fretting protection of related mechanical components.
Self-inflicted injury and the older trauma patient: a 20 year review of suicide attempts and outcomes
Authors: Schaffer Kathryn B. , Dandan Tala , Bayat Dunya , Castelo Matthew R. , Reames Summer H. , Hutkin-Slade Linda , Biffl Walter L. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Older patients (Older) have complex health management needs often requiring additional resources. Mental health disorders are common among trauma patients, yet minimal information on older suicidal related injury and outcomes exists. A review of trauma patients with intentional self-inflicted injury at one trauma center was done to describe and identify unique elements of this cohort of patients.

Methods
Trauma registry data from 2000 to 2019 were reviewed for intentional injury and data abstracted included demographics, injury severity, diagnoses, comorbidities and outcomes. Cohorts by age were compared: Older (65 +) vs Younger (< 65). Values considered significant at p ≤ 0.05.

Results
557 suicide attempts were identified with 9% among Older patients. Most patients were male with median age of 75 years for Older and 35 years for Younger cohort, with similar length of stay (LOS) and injury severity scores (ISS). Penetrating injury was more common among Older patients with firearm used most often, 34% vs 14% for Younger. Differences were evident between male and female Older patients with ISS 16.7 vs 5, p < 0.01 and mortality, p = 0.03. The outcome of discharge to home was significantly different between Older and Younger, 6% vs 20% (p < 0.05). A difference in mortality was evident, Older 38% vs Younger 18% (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
With the growing aging population, it is important to acknowledge the resultant increase in concomitant mental health issues and suicidality among older patients, where depression may be undiagnosed and untreated. Providing care within this cohort may reduce future attempts and lessen the burden on the health care system.
Fehlermanagementkultur und Fehlervermeidungskultur in Schulklassen
Authors: Fischer Sebastian , Freund Philipp Alexander 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungDer individuelle Umgang von Schüler*innen mit Fehlern im Unterricht hängt von der auf Klassenebene etablierten gemeinsamen Kultur im Umgang mit Fehlern zusammen. Der vorliegende Artikel entwickelt theoriegeleitet Skalen zur Messung einer Fehlermanagement- und Fehlervermeidungskultur im Unterricht und untersucht Zusammenhänge der beiden Fehlerkulturdimensionen mit Lernmotivation, Kognition und Verhalten. Ergebnisse anhand der Daten von insgesamt N = 1306 Schüler*innen in K = 61 Klassen der Jahrgangsstufen 7 bis 9 zeigen, dass eine Fehlermanagementkultur in Schulklassen mit einer hohen intrinsischen Lernmotivation, aber auch mit weiteren lernförderlichen Verhaltensweisen (wenig Schummeln und Self-Handicapping) und Kognitionen (weniger gefühlter Stress bei Fehlern und geringere gefühlte Hilflosigkeit bei stärkerem Fähigkeitsselbstkonzept) einhergeht. Dagegen ist eine Fehlervermeidungskultur weniger stark mit diesen lernförderlichen Verhaltensweisen und Kognitionen verbunden, dafür aber mit einer Leistungszielorientierung oder -vermeidung, sowie mit gefühlter Hilflosigkeit und Self-Handicapping. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf Vorteile einer Fehlermanagementkultur gegenüber einer Fehlervermeidungskultur im Unterricht hinsichtlich von Variablen hin, die das Lernen fördern.