bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthcare Professionals’ Perceptions of Childhood Obesity in Iquitos, Peru: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Lai Jo F. , Clarke Joanne , Wildt Gilles , Meza Graciela , Addo Miriam A. , Gardiner Esme , Khanna Divya 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Childhood obesity is an urgent worldwide concern associated with increased morbidity in adulthood. Healthcare professionals (HCPs) are well placed to influence childhood obesity trends and implement interventions. English-language studies regarding HCPs’ perceptions of childhood obesity are limited to high-income countries. Peru is an upper-middle-income country with regional disparities in childhood obesity prevalence. This qualitative study aims to explore HCPs’ perceptions of childhood obesity in Iquitos, Peru, where prevalence is relatively low.Methods: Twenty-one HCPs with child healthcare experience were purposively recruited from two primary healthcare centres. Semi-structured, individual interviews were conducted with a translator and audio recorded. Transcribed data were analysed using thematic analysis.Results: Eight themes were identified and divided into four categories: (1) HCPs’ perceptions and attitudes towards childhood obesity (level of concern regarding childhood obesity, perceived consequences of childhood obesity); (2) Factors which HCPs perceive to be important in the development of childhood obesity (parental factors, contextual factors); (3) HCPs’ perceptions of their role in childhood obesity prevention and management (educating parents about childhood obesity, regular monitoring of child growth); and (4) Barriers and facilitators in childhood obesity prevention and management (in healthcare, in schools). Conclusions: HCPs had a low level of concern regarding childhood obesity in Iquitos and prioritised undernutrition. Parental factors were perceived to be the most influential in the development of childhood obesity. HCPs perceived themselves to have minimal influence due to prevailing positive views of excess weight and difficulties engaging parents. Educating parents about childhood obesity was felt to be essential to prevention and management although regular monitoring of child growth and home healthcare visits were viewed as useful additional measures. This study can help to inform the development of targeted public health strategies which are sensitive to local contexts and could prevent the upward childhood obesity trends evident elsewhere in Peru.
Bacteroidetal cold-active and promiscuous esterases play a significant role in global polyethylene terephthalate (PET) degradation
Authors: Zhang Hongli , Dierkes Robert , Pérez-García Pablo , Weigert Sebastian , Sternagel Stefanie , Hallam Steven , Schott Thomas , Juergens Klaus , Vollstedt Christel , Chibani Cynthia , Danso Dominik , Buchholz Patrick , Pleiss Jürgen , Almeida Alexandre , Hocker Birte , Schmitz Ruth , Chow Jennifer , Streit Wolfgang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is an important synthetic polymer accumulating in nature and recent studies have identified microorganisms capable of degrading PET. While the majority of known PET hydrolases originate from the Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, here we describe the first functional PET-active enzymes from the Bacteroidetes phylum. Using a PETase-specific Hidden-Markov-Model (HMM)-based search algorithm we identified two promiscuous and cold-active esterases derived from Aequorivita sp. (PET27) and Chryseobacterium jeonii (PET30) acting on PET foil and powder. Notably, one of the enzymes (PET30) was able to hydrolyze PET at temperatures between 4° - 30°C with a similar turnover rate compared to the well-known Ideonella sakaiensis enzyme (IsPETase).
PET27 and PET30 homologues were detected in metagenomes encompassing a wide range of different global climate zones. Additional transcript abundance mapping of marine samples imply that these enzymes and source organisms play a significant role in the long-term degradation of microplastic particles and fibers.
Optimal Value of CA19-9 Determined by KRAS-Mutated Circulating Tumor DNA Contributes to the Prediction of Prognosis in Pancreatic Cancer Patients
Authors: Watanabe Fumiaki , Suzuki Koichi , Tamaki Sawako , Abe Iku , Endo Yuhei , Takayama Yuji , Ishikawa Hideki , Kakizawa Nao , Saito Masaaki , Futsuhara Kazushige , Noda Hiroshi , Konishi Fumio , Rikiyama Toshiki 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Despite the acceptance of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) as a valuable predictor for the prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), controversy remains with regards to its cutoff. Our previous study showed a significant correlation between CA19-9 levels and the presence of KRAS-mutated ctDNA in the blood of patients with PDAC. Based on this correlation, we investigated the optimal cutoff value of CA19-9 before surgery. Continuous CA19-9 values and KRAS-mutated ctDNAs were monitored in 22 patients with unresectable PDAC who underwent chemotherapy between 2015 and 2017. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified 949.7 U/mL of CA19-9 as the cutoff value corresponding to the presence of KRAS-mutated ctDNA. The median value of CA19-9 was 221.1 U/mL. These values were then verified for their prognostic values of recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in 60 patients who underwent surgery between 2005 and 2013. Multivariate analysis revealed that 949.7 U/mL of CA19-9 was an independent risk factor for OS and RFS in these patients (P=0.001 and P=0.010, respectively), along with lymph node metastasis (P=0.008 and P=0.017), but the median CA19-9 level was not (P=0.150 and P=0.210). The optimal CA19-9 level contributes to the prediction of prognosis in patients with PDAC before surgery.
A Novel Mutation KCNJ11 R136C Caused KCNJ11-MODY
Authors: Chen Yaning , Hu Xiaodong , Cui Jia , Zhao Mingwei , Yao Hebin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A young female patient, diagnosed with diabetes mellitus at the age of 28 years old in 2009, carries KCNJ11 R136C by whole-exome sequencing and her daughter doesn’t carry this mutation. Bioinformatics software predicted that the 136th amino acid is highly conservative and deleterious. And KCNJ11 R136C can result in the change of channel port structure of KATP channel. So she was diagnosed as KCNJ11-MODY.
Radiation-induced Fibrosarcoma of the Larynx: a Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Gong Wei , Huang Donghai 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Radiation-induced sarcoma (RIS) is a rare complication following radiotherapy of head and neck carcinoma. It occurs mostly within the limits of the irradiated area and always suggests a poor prognosis. Case summary: Herein, we reported one case of a 61-year-old male with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), who had a history of surgery and radiotherapy. In 2014, this patient was admitted in our hospital for increasing hoarseness five years after surgery and radiotherapy. Finally, the patient was diagnosed as fibrosarcoma and was given total laryngectomy, the patient was died in August 2019 within following up. In addition, the clinical and pathological characteristics of similar cases and their probable tumorgenesis were also reviewed. Conclusion: RIS is increasingly important. They usually occur mostly within the limits of the irradiated area. SCC is the most common malignant tumour in the head and neck region, and radiotherapy is a primary adjuvant therapy method. For patients receiving radiotherapy, physicians should follow up more carefully for early detection the RISs. For sarcomas occurring in head and neck region, especially RIS, complete surgical resection is the primary treatment. The choice of radiotherapy and chemotherapy should be more cautious. The prognosis of primary sarcomas or RISs is still controversial. No matter primary sarcomas or RISs, we believe that complete surgical resection should be considered as a top priority in surgery.
Assessment of Knowledge toward Scabies, its Transmission and Prevention among Syrian Refugees in North of Jordan
Authors: Seetan Khaled , Rashdan Yasser , Alsharei Adel , Bashir Sharaf Al , Almadani Abdallah , Alqa'dan Mousa , Momani Ashraf Ashraf Al , Rubbai Yousef , Samarah Hashem Al 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Scabies is one of the prevalent dermatological conditions, accounting for a substantial proportion of skin diseases in developing countries. It represents a significant health challenge when an outbreak appears in homecare and refugee camps as it may lead to enormous morbidity and high treatment costs. Because scabies can be easily prevented through education, the purpose of this study was to assess the level of scabies knowledge among Syrian refugees in Jordan's northern region. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted among Syrian refugees who attend a primary health center in northern Jordan, Ramtha from March 2021 to April 2021. The targeted population was adult Syrian refugees, above the age of 18. Two thousand participants were included in this study using simple random selection. The study questionnaire included questions about socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge questions such as: ever hearing about scabies, causes of scabies, signs and symptoms of scabies and its way of transmission. The data was analyzed using (SPSS) version 25. Results: Females with a mean age of 37.9 years old comprised the majority of the participants. The majority of the participants was married and had intermediate levels of education. The level of knowledge about scabies was poor among the majority of the respondents (N=1259); 321 respondents had moderate knowledge, while only 650 had good knowledge. A statistically significant association was found between knowledge score and all demographic characteristics, including gender, marital status, income and educational level.Conclusion: The general knowledge about Scabies among Syrian refugees is relatively low, with 1259 out of 2000 participants having a poor knowledge score. Health education for refugees is needed to improve their knowledge and help implement prevention programs.
Image Denoising to enhance Character Recognition using Deep Learning
Authors: ruata Vanlal , Hussain J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we proposed implementing a Deep Convolutional Neural Network. A relationship between a noisy character image to its clean counter-part are mapped using Deep Convolutional Neural Network.The overall process is divided into two stages: noise type classification and image denoising. Firstly, the noise type classification identifies the types of noise, and based on this noise type, a particular denoising model is selected, which increases the image denoising performance. The denoising network inputs a noisy image and a target of its clean corresponding image during the training. After the mapping function is trained, the generated model performs character image denoising. Then, on each band, a trained mapping function perform image denoising irrespective of the other band. Finally, each block is assembled to generate a clean image. In this paper, the MNIST and Char74K dataset of handwritten digits diluted with artificial noise divided into ten types are used for experimentation.. Our experimental results show that the proposed techniques perform better image denoising ascompared to the existing methods, both in terms of image noise type classification and image denoising. The overall Character recognition accuracy increased by 66% after performing the proposed denoising technique.
Interactions Among Rumen Fermentation Characteristics, the Microbiota, and Host Gene Expression in Response to Ambient Temperature Fluctuations in Tibetan Sheep
Authors: Lv Weibing , Liu Xiu , Sha Yuzhu , Shi Hao , Wei Hong , Luo Yuzhu , Wang Jiqing , Li Shaobin , Hu Jiang , Guo Xinyu , Pu Xiaoning 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: As an important ruminant on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Tibetan sheep can maintain their population reproduction rate in the harsh high-altitude environment of low temperature and low oxygen, which is related to their special adaptations to the plateau. Microbes (known as “second genomes”) play an important role in the host adaptations. However, there have been no reports on the effects of the interactions among rumen fermentation, the microbiota, and host gene expression on the adaptation of Tibetan sheep to high altitude.Results: Rumen fermentation characteristics, the microbiota, and rumen epithelial gene expression of Tibetan sheep in various months (February, April, June, August, October, and December) were analyzed. The results show that the rumen fermentation characteristics of Tibetan sheep differed in different months. The total SCFA, acetate, propionate, and butyrate concentrations were highest in Oct and lowest in Jun. The Cellulase (CL) activity was highest in Feb (when it was significantly higher than in Aug and Oct), while the acidic xylanase (ACX) activity was highest in Apr, followed by Jun (and it was significantly higher in both Apr and Jun than in Feb, Aug, and Oct). In addition, the diversity and abundance of rumen microbes differed in different months. Bacteroidetes (53.4%) and Firmicutes (27.4%) were the dominant phyla. Prevotella_1 and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group were the dominant genera. The abundance of Prevotella_1 was highest in Jun (27.8%) and lowest in Dec (17.8%). Random forest analysis showed that Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group played important roles in rumen microbial composition in different months. In addition, the expression of CLAUDIN4 and ZO1 (ruminal epithelial barrier-related genes) was significantly higher in Apr than in Aug and Dec, while the expression of SGLT1 (nutrient absorption-related gene) was highest in Aug, but were significantly lower than CLAUDIN4 and ZO1 expression in the corresponding month. Correlation analysis showed that there were interactions among rumen fermentation characteristics.Conclusions: There was a certain correlation between rumen fermentation products, the microbiota, and host gene expression. The microbiota, and host gene expression, and the host adjusted the rumen fermentation and microbiota structure according to changes in ambient temperature, to adapt to the plateau environment.
Clinical Features and Survival of Young Adults with Stage IV Gastric Cancer: A Japanese Population-based Study
Authors: Yamamoto Ryuya , Honda Michitaka , Kawamura Hidetaka , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Takiguchi Koichi , Muto Atsushi , Yamazaki Shigeru , Teranishi Yasushi , Shiraso Satoru , Kono Koji , Hori Soshi , Kamiga Takahiro , Iwao Toshiyasu , Yamashita Naoyuki 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: With the aging of society, the age of patients with gastric cancer (GC) in Japan has been increasing. However, there are few documented outcomes for young patients with stage IV GC. We investigated the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with stage IV GC aged under 40 years using a dataset from an integrated population-based cohort study.Methods: We conducted this multicenter population-based cohort study to determine whether earlier onset of GC was a poor prognostic factor. We enrolled patients with metastatic GC aged under 40 years (young group) and those aged between 60 and 75 years (middle-aged group). Patients were histologically diagnosed as having gastric adenocarcinoma. We evaluated the overall survival (OS) of both groups and the hazard ratio (HR) for OS based on age. The adjusted HR with 95% confidence interval (CI) was evaluated using the Cox proportional hazards model after adjusting for confounding factors, including sex, histology, number of metastatic lesions, surgical resection, and chemotherapy.Results: This study enrolled 555 patients. The patients were classified into the young group (n=20) and the middle-aged group (n=535). The median OS values were 5.7 months and 8.8 months in the young and middle-aged groups, respectively (P=0.029). The adjusted HR (95% CI) of the young group was 1.88 (1.17–3.04, P=0.009).Conclusions: Age was an independent prognostic factor in patients with stage IV GC. Further studies investigating the genomic characteristics of GC and exploring more effective chemotherapeutic agents are required.
An Extremely Rare Disconnection of the External Iliac Artery and Novel Collateral Remodeling in an Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma Woman
Authors: Wang Shixuan , Zhou Ting , Yu Nan , Liu Ronghua 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Injury to the external iliac artery (EIA) can have serious consequences and can be extremely challenging for surgeons. Here, we report a patient with bizarre disconnection of the external iliac artery during a laparoscopic operation.Case presentation: On May 27, 2020, during a laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy operation to treat endometrial stromal sarcoma, we encountered an unusual anatomy: abnormal disconnection of the left external iliac artery in a 26-year-old female patient. The proximal and distal ends of the left external iliac artery demonstrated old narrowing without active bleeding, and the distance between the two disconnected ends was more than 3 cm. The scenario was surprising to the entire staff in the operating theater. After a comprehensive assessment of skin temperature, arterial pulsation and arterial blood flow, a multidisciplinary team (MDT) determined that collateral circulation of the left lower limb had been established and could meet the blood supply of the lower limbs, which was also confirmed three times by computed tomography angiography (CTA) and Doppler ultrasound of the blood vessels in the abdomen and lower limbs. Eleven months after the operation, the patient had no obvious abnormality, and the daily activities of the left lower limb were not affected. Follow-up after treatment for the patient is still in progress.Conclusions: We describe the details of the whole case of disconnection of the external iliac artery. We hope to summarize the experience and lessons learned through this case and a relevant literature review to improve the safety and orderliness of our future clinical work.
FlhA Undergoes Cyclic Open-close Domain Motions During Flagellar Protein Export in Salmonella
Authors: Minamino Tohru , Inoue Yumi , Kinoshita Miki , Kitao Akio , Namba Keiichi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The flagellar type III secretion system (fT3SS) transports flagellar building blocks from the cytoplasm to the distal end of the growing flagellar structure. The C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of FlhA (FlhAC) serves as a docking platform for flagellar chaperones in complex with their cognate substrates and ensures the strict order of protein export for efficient flagellar assembly. FlhAC adopts open and closed conformations, and the chaperones bind to the open form, allowing the fT3SS to transport the substrates to the cell exterior. To clarify the role of the closed form in flagellar protein export, we isolated pseudorevertants from the flhA(G368C/K549C) mutant, in which the closed conformation is stabilized to inhibit the protein transport activity of the fT3SS. Each of M365I, R370S, A446E and P550S substitutions in FlhAC identified in the pseudorevertants affected hydrophobic side-chain interaction networks in the closed FlhAC structure, thereby restoring the protein transport activity to a considerable degree. We propose that a cyclic open-close domain motion of FlhAC is required for rapid and efficient flagellar protein export where a structural transition from the open to the closed form induces the dissociation of empty chaperones from FlhAC.
Analyses and Findings of Unusual Substitute Materials in a Raincoat From WWII
Authors: Lauridsen Clara Bratt , Brock-Nannestad Theis , Simonsen Kim Pilkjær 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Due to the coating materials used, historic raincoats are vulnerable to degradation and rarely survive long periods of time. The investigated raincoat dating from 1943 is no exception – the coating is unusually stiff and flaking off in areas around folds and cracks. Study into its material composition can contribute to important knowledge of the availability of materials for waterproof clothing during the time of the German occupation of Denmark (1940-1945) when the usual materials for raincoats, cotton fabric and rubber, were in short supply. Optical microscopy and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) identified the fabric to consist of rayon stable fibers and paper yarn, and the coating to be based on cellulose nitrate (CN) lacquer, an unknown plasticizer and titanium white (TiO2). Though the results are atypical for a raincoat, they are in good accordance with the raw materials available in Denmark in 1943. Analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), identified the plasticiser as poly(1,3-butylene) adipate. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) moreover identified the titanium white pigment as the anatase form. By historical discussion this study argues that IG Farben AG is the likely producer of poly(1,3-butylene) adipate, even though the first known marketing of the plastiticiser is from 1986 where the Swiss firm Ciba-Geigy introduced poly(1,3-butylene) adipate as a plasticiser for PVC cling films under the tradename Reoplex® 346. The finding is an extraordinary example on how advanced the chemical industry was in the early 1940’s when it came to polymer science.
Frequency multiplication by collective nano-scale spin wave dynamics
Authors: Woltersdorf Georg , Dreyer Rouven , Liebing Niklas , Körner Chris , Wagener Martin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Frequency multiplication is a process where harmonic multiples of the input frequency are generated. It is usually achieved in non-linear electronic circuits or transmission lines. Such elements enable the up-conversion of electronic signals to GHz frequencies and are essential for frequency synthesizers and communication devices. Circuits based on the propagation and interaction of spin waves are a promising alternative to conventional electronics. Unfortunately, these systems usually require direct driving in the GHz range as magnonic frequency up-conversion is restricted to a few harmonics only. Here we show that the ferromagnetic material itself can act as a six octave spanning frequency multiplier. By studying low frequency magnetic excitations in a continuous ferromagnetic layer we show that the non-linearity of magnetization dynamics combined with disorder in the ferromagnet leads to the emergence of a dynamic phase generating high harmonics. The demonstrated broad band frequency multiplication opens exciting perspectives for magnonic and spintronic applications since the frequency is up-converted from MHz into GHz frequencies within the magnetic medium itself. Due to the ease at which magnetic media can be structured and modified spatially (and reversibly) we anticipate that a tailored non-linear dynamic phase can be engineered e.g. to stabilize magnetic solitons.