bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Replicates for Comparing Species Densities in Space and Time
Authors: Hayek Lee-Ann C. , Buzas Martin A. , Buzas-Stephens Pamela , Buzas Jeffrey S. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Because benthic foraminifera exhibit spatial heterogeneity, a number of replicates or multiple biological samples are necessary to estimate population densities. In this study, we empirically examine the efficacy of taking four or fewer replicates to differentiate among mean densities in location and time using p-values as a metric for strength of evidence against the null hypothesis of no difference in taxon density. For spatial analyses, four stations along a traverse with four replicates per station were compared with ANOVA within Mission Bay, Texas, using the four most abundant taxa. The p-values for comparing mean densities among stations increased markedly for all taxa, as the number of samples per station decreased from four to two. Using a test level of 0.05, four replicates per station resulted, on average, in significant differences for three of four taxa, three replicates distinguished two of four taxa, and two replicates detected only one difference. For temporal analyses, a single station was sampled in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, seasonally over four years. Again, p-values increased markedly as the number of samples per station decreased. Using a test level of 0.05, both four- and three-replicate groups were found to separate mean densities among the four years for three of four taxa, two replicates distinguished one taxon, and use of only one replicate could not detect any difference in mean densities among the four years. Based on these and previous field results, we recommend at least four replicates per station for environmental monitoring. However, when examining mean densities within larger ecological entities such as biofacies, just one sample at each station along a single traverse containing four stations in each bay could delineate Mission, Copano, and Mesquite bays in Texas.
High-throughput single-cell joint analysis of histone modifications and gene expression by Paired-Tag
Authors: Zhu Chenxu , Zhang Yanxiao , Li Yang Eric , Lucero Jacinta , Behrens M. Margarita , Ren Bing 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We describe here Paired-Tag, a high-throughput multi-omics method for joint profiling of histone modifications and gene expressions in single cells. The assay is based on a combinatorial barcoding indexing strategy that does not require special instruments. It can be performed with nuclei extracted from cultured cells or frozen tissues, in standard molecular biology laboratories.
Fabrication of PDMS-based Acoustofluidic Devices for 3D Access to Single Cells and Small Organisms
Authors: Läubli Nino F. , Nelson Bradley J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Acoustofluidic manipulation has demonstrated significant potential for the investigation and handling of small organisms. In this protocol, we describe the steps required for the fabrication of a PDMS-based device with 150 um high structures to be used for the rotational manipulation of single cells and small organisms.
Genome-wide investigation and analysis of microsatellites and compound microsatellites in Leptolyngbya species, Cyanobacteria
Authors: Yao Dan , Du Lian-Ming , Li Meijin , Daroch Maurycy , Tang Jie 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Microsatellites (simple sequence repeats, SSRs) are ubiquitously distributed in almost all known genomes. Here, the first investigation was designed to examine the SSRs and compound microsatellites (CSSRs) in 36 genomes of Leptolyngbya. The results disclosed diversified patterns of distribution, abundance, density and diversity of SSRs and CSSRs in Leptolyngbya genomes. The numbers of SSRs and CSSRs were extremely uneven distributed among genomes, ranging from 11,086 to 27,292 and from 286 to 1,102, respectively. Mononucleotide SSRs were the most abundant category in 14 genomes, while the other 22 genomes followed the pattern: di- > mono- > trinucleotide SSRs. Both SSRs and CSSRs were overwhelmingly distributed in coding regions. The numbers of SSRs and CSSRs were significantly correlated with genome size (P < 0.01) and but not closely correlated with GC content (P > 0.05). Moreover, the motif (A/T)n and (AG)n was predominant in mononucleotide and dinucleotide SSRs, and unique motifs of CSSRs were identified in 33 genomes. This study provides the first insight into SSRs and CSSRs in Leptolyngbya genomes and will be useful to contribute to future use as molecular markers in closely-related species.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy For Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients With Moderate To Severe Hypoxia
Authors: Jansen Deepa , Dickstein Daniel R. , Erazo Kasandra , Stacom Ellen , Lee David C. , Wainwright Sandra K. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Few treatments have demonstrated mortality benefit among hospitalized hypoxic COVID-19 patients except for steroids. We evaluated the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) as a therapeutic intervention among hospitalized patients with a high oxygen requirement.Methods: We extracted data on patients with COVID-19 hypoxia who required at least 6 L/min oxygen supplementation, and were eligible for off-label HBOT from October 2020 to February 2021. We compared patient characteristics and used Fisher’s exact test and a survival analysis to assess the primary endpoint of inpatient death.Results: We offered HBOT to 36 patients, of which 24 received treatment and 12 did not receive treatment. Patients who did not receive treatment were significantly older (P < 0.01) and had worse baseline hypoxia (P = 0.06). Three of the 24 (13%) patients who received treatment died compared to 6 of 12 (50%) patients who did not receive treatment (RR ratio: 0.25, P = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.83). In the survival analysis, there was a statistically significant reduction in inpatient mortality in the treatment group (HR: 0.19, P = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.05-0.74). However, after adjusting for age and baseline hypoxia, there was no difference in inpatient mortality (hazard ratio: 0.48, P = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.08-2.86).Conclusions: The survival benefit of HBOT observed in our unadjusted analysis suggests the need to further study therapeutic benefits of HBOT in treating COVID-19 hypoxia through randomized clinical trials.
Relationship Between Fundamental Daily Living Habits and Health Literacy Exhibited by Self-Care Behavior in Sixth-Grade Students of Japanese Elementary Schools
Authors: Tsukamoto Naoko , Watanabe Aya , Katagiri Yukiko , Kudo Mikiko , Funaki Yuka , Nomura Akemi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study is to elucidate the relationship between fundamental daily living habits and health literacy exhibited by self-care behaviour in sixth-grade students in Japanese elementary schools by verifying the association of actual status of fundamental daily living habits with awareness of behavioural and health contingencies and healthy behavioural choices.Methods: In this study, a cross-sectional survey was undertaken with 287 sixth-grade students in Japanese elementary school. The questionnaire consisted of three elements of status of basic lifestyle habits, behavioural and health contingencies, and healthy behavioural choices.Results: These results indicate that while fundamental daily living habits are formed by including behavioural and health contingencies, the association of awareness of contingencies and behavioural choices with their actual status is not clear. It is found that during childhood, there is a risk of interruption in the awareness about the acquired behaviours and health contingencies, and it is evident that sustaining such awareness is necessary.Conclusions: This study makes a significant contribution to the literature because there are very few studies on children’s fundamental daily living habits from a health literacy viewpoint and it is not clear whether the fundamental daily living habits are associated with self-care ability as health literacy.
Quantification of the Impact of Factors Affecting the Technical Performance of Operating Room Personnel: Expert Judgment Approach
Authors: Chenani Khalil Taherzadeh , Nodoushan Reza Jafari , Jahangiri Mehdi , Madadizadeh Farzan , Fallah Hossein 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Incorrect assessment of the performance shaping factors (PSFs), especially in healthcare systems may lead to irreversible consequences such as death. The aim of the current study was to adapt PSFs taxonomy given in standardized plant analysis risk human reliability analysis (SPAR-H) technique to surgical context.Methods: Specialists from four teaching hospitals of Yazd city were participated in the current study using convenience sampling technique. PSFs taxonomy of the SPAR-H technique was revised and more context-specific definitions to surgical context were suggested. Step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) and eleven-digit numerical scale were used for quantification of the weight and negative influence rate of the PSFs during surgical processes, respectively. Probability density function (pdf) was used to specify the probability of the negative influence rate values, as well.Results: Nine PSFs were proposed following the SPAR-H taxonomy. Order of the importance of the PSFs was quietly conflicting in terms of weight and negative influence rate. From the perspective of experts, fatigue and threat stress were assessed as the most important PSFs in terms of both weight and negative influence rate. Conclusion: Current study has offered a domain-based understanding for the PSFs particularly in surgical context. Results of this study could be used to evaluate human error behaviors during the performance of high accuracy required tasks in operating room. Moreover, these results could be used in high-risk industries for improving patient safety programs in case of lacking literature in healthcare systems.
A Medical Mobile Application For Managing A Heart And Lung Machine During Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Boonchai Prarinya , Kulthinee Supaporn , Chotimol Phatiwat 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Opened heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a critical and complex procedure. A Heart-Lung machine (HLM) plays an important role for controlling the cardiopulmonary functions during the time of the surgery. Perfusionist must consider a variety of essential factors and calculate several cardiovascular parameters regarding the process of operating a HLM. To improving the quality of work, personal digital assistants must continually develop their skills and knowledge levels.Objective: The goal of this work is to construct a mobile application device that has a wide variety of functions which has the capacity to control targeted clinical planning and decision making for HLM users so to enable them to have control and evaluate the mobile application to user’s satisfaction. Methods: This smartphone app was constructed base on the ionic framework. The researchers have developed an unique algorithms for operating the HLM. The app was generated according to the phase of design, algorithm, validation, and user’s satisfaction of perfusionists.Results: The Project Researchers have officially assigned this medical mobile application with the name is Perfusion Assistant app that can be accessed and used effectively cross platform on iOS and Android. The application is comprised of five main categories which includes: a perfusion calculator, myocardial protection chart, drugs details, priming solution and parameters values. Result shown that all cardiovascular parameters did not significant differ from Perfusion Assistant app when compared to manual calculation. User’s satisfaction was at 3.64±0.76 in the first evaluation. After modification with feedback from experts, the app was evaluated with a 4.13±0.56 satisfaction. Conclusions: Perfusion Assistant app is an application designed in clinical planning and decision of HLM controlling for perfusionists and medical staff that work in an opened heart surgery arena. Perfusion Assistant app offers a variety of calculations related to CPB including blood flow rate, systemic vascular resistant, priming volume, and predicted hematocrit. Furthermore, Perfusion Assistant app provides a quick, easy access, and real-time application for CPB that user’s satisfaction was a good level.
Hearing Impairment in Angolan Children with Acute Bacterial Meningitis With and Without Otitis Media and Otorrhea
Authors: Lempinen Laura , Laulajainen-Hongisto Anu , Aarnisalo Antti A. , Bernardino Luis , Peltola Heikki , Pitkäranta Anne , Pelkonen Tuula , Jero Jussi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Bacterial meningitis (BM) is a common cause of hearing loss in childhood. Our aim was to investigate bacterial etiology, hearing impairment, and outcome in childhood BM with vs. without otitis media (OM) in the resource-poor settings of Angola. Methods: Hearing was tested through brainstem-evoked response audiometry (ABR) in 391 (76%) of 512 children with confirmed BM. The bacteria identified from the ear discharge were compared to those from CSF and the relevance of findings was examined in terms of hearing among children with or without OM on day 1 and 7 of hospitalization, and at follow-ups of 1, 3 and 6 month(s).Results: No correlation was found in bacteriology between the ear discharge and CSF, and the most common ear pathogens more likely reflected chronic than acute middle ear infections. On day 7 in hospital, hearing impairment (>40 dB) was common, regardless of whether concomitant OM or not (in 27% vs. 30%, respectively), whereas on day 7, profound hearing loss (>80 dB) was diagnosed slightly more in children without OM 16% vs. 10% accordingly. Any hearing deficit on day 7 was associated with a higher risk of complicated or fatal clinical course (OR 2.76, CI95% 1.43-5.29, P = .002).Conclusion: No significant difference prevailed in hearing thresholds between children with or without OM in hospital on day 7 or at later follow-ups. Any hearing impairment on day 7 associated with a higher risk for complicated clinical course or death. Trial registration: ISRCTN62824827. Registered 22 June 2005, http://www.isrctn.com/ ISRCTN62824827.
Mechanical forcing of the North American monsoon by orography
Authors: Boos William , Pascale Salvatore 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The core of the North American monsoon consists of a band of intense rainfall along the west coast of Mexico[1, 2] and is commonly thought to be caused by thermal forcing from both land and the elevated terrain of that region[3-5]. Here we use observations, a global climate model, and stationary wave solutions to show that this rainfall maximum is instead generated when Mexico's Sierra Madre mountains mechanically force an adiabatic stationary wave by diverting extratropical eastward winds toward the equator; eastward, upslope flow in that wave lifts warm and moist air to produce convective rainfall. Land surface heat fluxes do precondition the atmosphere for convection, particularly in summer afternoons, but even if amplified are insufficient for producing the observed rainfall maximum. These results, together with dynamical structures in observations and models, indicate that the core monsoon should be understood as convectively enhanced orographic rainfall in a mechanically forced stationary wave, not as a classic, thermally forced tropical monsoon. This has implications for the response of the North American monsoon to past and future global climate change, making trends in jet stream interactions with orography of central importance.
Long-term air pollution exposure and incident dementia in American elderly population: a national cohort study (2000-2018)
Authors: Shi Liuhua , Steenland Kyle , Li Haomin , Liu Pengfei , Zhang Yuhan , Lyles Robert , Requia Weeberb , Ilango Sindana , Chang Howard , Wingo Thomas , Weber Rodney , Schwartz Joel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Epidemiological evidence suggests air pollution exposure may increase risk of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). However, previous U.S. studies have predominantly focused on hospitalizations, which fails to fully capture ADRD. Here we constructed two national population-based cohorts of those aged 65 and above from the Medicare Chronic Conditions Warehouse (2000-2018), including doctor visits, to investigate the impact of long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) on dementia and AD incidence, respectively. We identified ~2.0 million incident dementia cases (N=12,233,371; dementia cohort) and ~0.8 million incident AD cases (N=12,456,447; AD cohort). Per interquartile range (IQR) increase in the 5-year average PM2.5 (3.2 µg/m3), NO2 (11.6 ppb), and warm-season O3 (5.3 ppb) over the past 5 years prior to diagnosis, the hazard ratios (HRs) were 1.060 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.054, 1.066), 1.019 (95% CI: 1.012, 1.026), and 0.990 (95% CI: 0.987, 0.993) for incident dementias, and 1.078 (95% CI: 1.070, 1.086), 1.031 (95% CI: 1.023, 1.039), and 0.982 (95%CI: 0.977, 0.986) for incident AD, respectively, for the three pollutants. For both outcomes there was strong evidence of linearity in concentration-response relationships for PM2.5 and NO2, suggesting the lack of a clear safe threshold for these health-harmful pollutants. Our study suggests that exposures to PM2.5 and NO2, but not O3, may increase the incidence of dementia and AD. Improving air quality may reduce the burden of ADRD and promote healthy aging.
Hyperimmunized Chickens Produce Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Aston Emily J. , Mochly-Rosen Daria , Narayanan Aarthi , Egaña-Labrin Sofia , Wallach Michael G. , Gallardo Rodrigo A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, is responsible for the global COVID-19 pandemic. Effective interventions are urgently needed to mitigate the effects of COVID-19 and likely require multiple strategies. Egg-extracted antibody therapies are a low-cost and scalable strategy to protect at-risk individuals from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Commercial laying hens were hyperimmunized against the SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein using three different S1 recombinant proteins and three different doses. Sera and egg yolk were collected at three and six weeks after the second immunization for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and plaque reduction neutralization assay to determine antigen-specific antibody titers and neutralizing antibody titers, respectively. In this study we demonstrate that hens hyperimmunized against the SARS-CoV-2 recombinant S1 and receptor binding domain (RBD) proteins produced neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. We further demonstrate that antibody production was dependent on the dose and type of antigen administered. Our data suggest that antibodies purified from the egg yolk of hyperimmunized hens can be used as immunoprophylaxis in humans at risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2.
Receipt and Sharing of Information to Improve Knowledge About Living Donor Kidney Transplant Among Individuals With Advanced CKD
Authors: Mohottige Dinushika , Davenport Clemontina , Lee Hui-Jie , Ephraim Patti , DePasquale Nicole , Cabacungan Ashley , Barrett Tyler , McElroy Lisa , Pendergrast Jane , Diamantidis Clarissa J. , Boulware L. Ebony 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Knowledge about living donor kidney transplant (LDKT) is associated with greater LDKT access. Yet, little is known about factors associated with high LDKT knowledge.Methods: As part of a clinical trial, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data obtained from individuals seen in nephrology clinics who were deemed candidates for pre-emptive LDKT. We assessed participants’ LDKT knowledge [10-point scale based on correct answers to questions about prognosis, donation, and financial aspects of LDKT; (high knowledge ≥8)], self-reported receipt of information about LDKT from various health professionals, and self-reported history of having shared information about LDKT with family members or friends. In multivariable logistic regression models adjusting for participants’ age, race, and total household income, we quantified the association of participants’ high LDKT knowledge with their receipt of LDKT information from health professionals and their sharing of LDKT information with family/friends. Results: Among 130 participants, the median (IQR) age was 59.5 (52.0-65.0) years, 60% were female, 47.7% were Black or African American, and 49.2% had a high school education or less. Participants had seen their nephrologists for a median (IQR) of 2.0 (1.0-4.0) years. Over half (55.4%) had high LDKT knowledge. Nearly one third reported having received LDKT information (33.1%) or sharing LDKT information with family/friends (28.5%). After adjustment, those who received (versus did not receive information) and shared information with family/friends had 3-fold higher odds of high LDKT knowledge (3.05 [1.24, 8.08]). Individuals who received LDKT information (versus did not receive information) from health professionals had 4-fold higher odds of high LDKT knowledge (adjusted OR [95% CI]: 4.01 [1.49, 12.18]. Conclusions: Both the receipt of LDKT information from health professionals and sharing of LDKT information with family members/friends were associated with high LDKT knowledge. Improved provision of LDKT information to patients with advanced CKD and encouragement to share information with family members or friends could aid efforts to improve LDKT rates.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00932334.
Pedicled Latissimus Dorsi Myocutaneous Flap Transthoracic Transposition for Repairing Neck and Shoulder Soft Tissue Defect Combined with Infection
Authors: Abula Abulaiti , Liu Yanshi , Cai Feiyu , Liu Kai , Ren Peng , Abulaiti Alimujiang , Maimaiti Xiayimaierdan , Yusufu Aihemaitijiang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: To explore the clinical application and selection of latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap in repairing neck and shoulder soft tissue defect combined with infection. Methods: From July 2017 to December 2019, 11 patients with neck and shoulder soft tissue defect combined with infection in our hospital were repaired by the pedicled latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap (PLDMF) according to the shape and size of the soft tissue defects, including 9 males and 2 females, with an average age of 40.2±12.6 years. The average defect area after debridement of infected and necrotic tissue was (7.0±1.3) cm × (4.8±1.2) cm, and the average area of the flaps was (34.4±3.8) cm × (6.0±1.0) cm. The donor site was sutured directly. Results: Seven cases of skin flaps healed by the first intention, while 4 cases developed infections at the distal ends of the skin flaps after surgery, which all survived after anti-infection treatment and repeated dressing changes for infection control, and the donor and recipient sites of the flaps healed well. Followed up for an average of 17.3±3.8 months with good flap blood supply and limb function, there was no recurrence of infection. Conclusions: PLDMF is an idea for repairing neck and shoulder soft tissue defect combined with infection, with high survival rate, low postoperative infection recurrence rate, and good functional repair ability, leading to good clinical application value. However, surgical indications should be strictly carried out due to the inferior aesthetic of flaps.
What Caused Dire Clusters ? ~Analysis of Nosocomial COVID-19 Outbreaks in Kyoto City, Japan From the 1st Wave Through 3rd Wave in 2020/21
Authors: Nagao Miki , Ikeda Takeshi , Matsumura Yasufumi , Yamamoto Masaki , Noguchi Taro , Yukawa Satomi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Fifteen COVID-19 nosocomial clusters occurred in the first year of the pandemic in Kyoto City, involving 232 in-hospital patients and 157 healthcare workers (HCWs). Among them, 40 percent of index cases were HCWs. The in-hospital mortality rate among patients was 18.1%, whereas the mortality rate in the Kyoto City area during the study period was 1.79%. The time needed to contain outbreaks was shorter in hospitals with full-time infection control personnel assigned.