bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of individual sonographer variation on the detection of small for gestational age fetuses using a third trimester growth scan
Authors: Procas‐Ramon Beatriz , Hierro‐Espinosa Cristina , Salim Ibtisam , Impey Lawrence , Ioannou Christos 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesDetection of small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses in a third trimester ultrasound could be affected by variation in sonographer performance.MethodsRetrospective analysis of all singleton, non‐anomalous ultrasound examinations between 35+0‐36+6 weeks gestation, in a single institution where a universal 36‐week scan is offered. Screen positive was defined as estimated fetal weight (EFW) <10th centile; SGA was birthweight <10th centile. Individual sonographers' distributions of head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC) and femur length (FL) were used to assess sonographers' screen positive rate (SPR), detection rate (DR) and true positive rate (TPR). Univariate and multivariate regression analysis was performed to assess the association between the sonographers' mean and SD (SD) for HC, AC, FL and their SPR, DR and TPR.ResultsThere were 27 sonographers performing more than 50 examinations per year, a total of 5691 scans. The mean incidence of SGA was 10.0%. For an overall SPR of 9.4%, the overall DR was 43.8% (95% CI: 39.6% ‐ 48.1%) and the overall TPR was 46.5% (95% CI: 42.9% ‐ 50.2%). Higher AC scatter (SD difference up to 11.6 mm) was associated with higher SPR (P = 0.001). Lower mean FL (difference up to 3.6 mm) was associated with higher SPR (P = 0.003) and higher DR (P = 0.002). As a result, DR varied amongst different sonographers between 14.3% and 85.7% and TPR varied between 8.3% and 100.0%.ConclusionsMonitoring of individual AC and FL distributions is a simple and effective tool for institutional quality assurance.
Simple and efficient preparation of high‐purity trehalulose from the waste syrup of isomaltulose production using solid‐phase extraction followed by hydrophilic interaction chromatography
Authors: Fu Dongmei , Zhang Xue , Zhang Hao , Fu Qing , Jin Yu , Yan Jingyu , Li Xianzhen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA simple and efficient method was developed for the preparation of high‐purity trehalulose from the waste syrup of isomaltulose production. The waste syrup was pre‐treated with C18 solid‐phase extraction, where 98% decolorization and 97% reducing sugar recovery were obtained, followed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography separation on a cysteine‐bonded zwitterionic column. Under optimized conditions, trehalulose was separated from isomaltulose isomer and prepared on a semi‐preparative scale with >99% purity. The structure of the prepared trehalulose was subsequently confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance, and three tautomers of trehalulose (α‐D‐glucosylpyranosyl‐1,1‐β‐D‐fructopyranose, α‐D‐glucosylpyranosyl‐1,1‐β‐D‐fructofuranose, and α‐D‐glucosylpyranosyl‐1,1‐α‐D‐fructofuranose) were detected and completely characterized by 13C NMR spectroscopy for the first time in this study. The tautomerization of α‐D and β‐D type transition was observed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on an AdvanceBio Glycan Mapping column, with smaller particle size (2.7 μm). Furthermore, the prepared trehalulose was applied as a standard for trehalulose quantification during the sucrose conversion by Klebsiella sp. LX3. The combination of solid‐phase extraction and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography offers a new avenue for the preparation of sugar isomers from complex natural or fermentation products.
Psychosocial barriers to well‐being and quality of life among type 2 diabetes patients in Ghana
Authors: Amankwah‐Poku Margaret , Akpalu Josephine , Sefa‐Dedeh Araba , Amoah Albert G. B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionManaging type 2 diabetes can cause psychosocial distress, which can negatively impact patients’ well‐being and quality of life. This study investigated how psychosocial barriers and clinical variables may be associated with general well‐being and quality of life of people with type 2 diabetes.MethodOne hundred sixty‐two patients from four interdisciplinary hospital‐based diabetes clinics in Accra, the capital of Ghana, were studied by assessing psychosocial barriers (e.g. diabetes‐related distress, family support), clinical variables (e.g. duration of diabetes, diabetes control), general well‐being and quality of life using standardised measures.ResultResults showed that increased levels of psychological distress (diabetes distress, depressive symptoms) were associated with poorer general well‐being and reduced quality of life in the different domains (physical health, psychological health, social relationships, environment), whereas social distress (as measured by non‐supportive family behaviours) was positively correlated with only general well‐being and physical health but not the other dimensions of quality of life. Analysis of clinical variables showed that higher glycaemic levels were associated with poorer physical, psychological and environmental quality of life, but longer duration of diabetes diagnosis was associated with better psychological quality of life. In addition, increased adherence to dietary regimen was associated with better general well‐being and environmental quality of life, whereas increased adherence to exercise regimen was associated with better physical, psychological and environmental quality of life.ConclusionPsychosocial support and education/adherence counselling are needed in the treatment of type 2 diabetes to reduce or eliminate psychosocial distress and to improve self‐care management, thereby improving diabetes control and ultimately, quality of life of patients.
Boosting VOC of antimony chalcogenide solar cells: A review on interfaces and defects
Authors: Dong Jiabin , Liu Yue , Wang Zuoyun , Zhang Yi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAntimony chalcogenides, including Sb2S3, Sb2Se3, and Sb2(S,Se)3, have been developed as attractive non‐toxic and earth‐abundant solar absorber candidates among the thin‐film photovoltaic devices. Presently, a record certified power conversion efficiency of 10.5% has been demonstrated for antimony chalcogenide solar cells, which is significantly lower than that of Cu2(In,Ga)Se2 (23.35%) and CdTe (22.1%) thin‐film solar cells. The inferior performance in antimony chalcogenide solar cells is mainly owing to a large open‐circuit voltage (VOC) deficit resulted from the defect and interface‐assisted recombination. Herein, a comprehensive review on the recent advancements interface band alignment and defect passivation are carried out. This review will provide a solid understanding on the interfaces and defects of antimony chalcogenide solar cells, which is beneficial to the research and development of such kind of solar cells.
Patients’ and Oncologists’ Knowledge and Expectations Regarding Tumor Multigene Next-Generation Sequencing: A Narrative Review
Authors: Shirdarreh Melika , Aziza Orly , Pezo Rossanna C. , Jerzak Katarzyna J. , Warner Ellen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Tumor multigene next-generation sequencing (NGS) is increasingly being offered to cancer patients to guide clinical management and determine eligibility for clinical trials. We undertook a review of studies examining the knowledge and attitudes of patients and oncologists regarding the primary results and potential secondary findings of such testing.

Materials and Methods
A search was conducted through the MEDLINE database using the following keywords: “neoplasms” and “molecular sequencing / genome sequencing / tumor profiling / NGS / whole exome sequencing” and “patient / oncologist” and “knowledge / attitudes / satisfaction / experience / evaluation / perspective / practice / preference.” Articles meeting the inclusion criteria and additional relevant articles from their references were selected.

Results
From 1,142 publications identified by the search and 9 from references, 21 publications were included in the final review. Patients generally had positive attitudes toward tumor NGS despite relatively little knowledge of test-related genetics concepts, but their expectations often exceeded the reality of low clinical utility. Patients with higher education and greater genetics knowledge had more realistic expectations and a more altruistic view of the role of NGS. Attitudes toward disclosure of secondary findings were highly variable. Oncologists had poor to moderate genomic literacy; they communicated challenges with tempering patient expectations and deciding what information to disclose.

Conclusion
Patients considering undergoing tumor NGS should be provided with easily understandable resources explaining the procedure, goals, and probable outcomes, whenever possible based on evidence-based guidelines. Continuing medical education programs on this topic for oncology health care professionals should strive to improve their genomic literacy and instruct them on how to optimally present this information to their patients.

Implications for Practice
Oncologists are increasingly offering tumor multigene testing to patients with advanced cancers to guide more “personalized” treatment and/or determine eligibility for clinical trials. However, patients often have inadequate understanding and unrealistic expectations. Oncologists must ensure that they themselves have sufficient knowledge of the benefits and limitations of testing and must provide their patients with appropriate educational resources. Prior to testing, patients should be told the likelihood of finding a mutation in their specific tumor type for which a targeted treatment or clinical trial is available. Patients also need clear information about the possibility and implications of secondary findings.
Research on core‐shell nanofiber self‐healing composites for structural applications
Authors: Wang Hongwei , Cai Haopeng , Chen Boxue , Mao Chi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, an intelligent self‐healing carbon fiber composite based on core‐shell nanofiber for structural applications was introduced. The self‐healing epoxy resin and curing agent were encapsulated in polyacrylonitrile by coaxial electrospinning to form two‐component core‐shell nanofibers. The core‐shell nanofibers were distributed between the carbon fiber layers, and the mechanical strength of the composites was improved by changing the interlaminar distribution of the core‐shell nanofibers. The bending test showed that the bending strength could be increased by 5.96%. The best self‐healing conditions were determined by curing kinetic analysis and bending test. The results showed that the healing efficiency could reach 110.12% after self‐healing at 120°C for 1 h. The release of self‐healing agent and the filling of microcracks were clearly observed by scanning electron microscope. The addition of core‐shell nanofibers can prolong the service life and improve the mechanical strength of the composites, which has a potential application prospect in structural applications.
Adherence to direct oral anticoagulant treatment for atrial fibrillation in the Netherlands: A surveillance study
Authors: Zielinski Gilda D. , van Rein Nienke , Teichert Martina , Klok Frederikus A. , Rosendaal Frits R. , van der Meer Felix J. M. , Huisman Menno V. , Cannegieter Suzanne C. , Lijfering Willem M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdherence to direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patients with atrial fibrillation in every day practice may be less than in clinical trials.AimsTo assess adherence to DOACs in atrial fibrillation patients in every day practice and identify predictors for non‐adherence.MethodsIndividual linked dispensing data of atrial fibrillation patients who used DOACs were obtained from the Foundation for Pharmaceutical Statistics covering the Netherlands between 2012 and 2016. One year adherence to DOAC was calculated for initial DOAC as proportion of days covered (PDC) ≥80% and the association between clinical variables and adherence was assessed using logistic regression. In addition, we measured non‐persistence, that is, patients who completely stopped their initial DOAC within 1 year follow‐up.ResultsA total of 4797 apixaban‐, 20 454 rivaroxaban‐ and 18 477 dabigatran users were included. The mean age was 69 years (n = 43 910), which was similar for the DOAC types. The overall proportion of patients with PDC ≥80% was 76%, which was highest for apixaban‐ (87%), followed by dabigatran‐ (80%) and rivaroxaban (69%) users. Multivariable analyses revealed that age ≤60 years, no concomitant drug use were predictors for non‐adherence. Of atrial fibrillation patients who continued treatment, 97% had a PDC ≥80%, compared with only 56% for those who discontinued their DOAC treatment within 1 year.ConclusionsNon‐adherence to DOACs was associated with age ≤60 years and no concomitant drugs use. Non‐adherence was higher in patients who later discontinued DOAC treatment. Results of our study support research into interventions to improve adherence.
Mussel‐inspired polymer materials derived from nonphytogenic and phytogenic catechol derivatives and their applications
Authors: Wang Hanzhang , Wang Liuliu , Zhang Shifeng , Zhang Wei , Li Jianzhang , Han Yanming 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhen it comes to underwater adhesion, mussel is the true expert that can firmly attach onto wet rocks under dynamic and turbulent environments. Catechol‐like 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine and its biochemical interactions have been largely implicated in mussels' strong adhesion to various substrates. We successfully determined that a copolymerization polymer molecule could be designed according to the catechol structural features and that high‐performance biomimetic mussel materials can be prepared from petrochemical materials or renewable materials, and because of their excellent performance in various application areas show a broad application prospect. The adhesion mechanism of the mussel protein and the recent advances in biomimetic mussel protein polymers based on nonphytogenic catechol derivatives and phytogenic catechol derivatives from different sources are comprehensively summarized. By comparing the application of nonphytogenic catechol derivatives and phytogenic catechol derivatives in industrial and biomedical fields, we found that the synthesis of phytogenic catechol derivatives is more facile and universal, and their application performance is as good as that of nonphytogenic catechol derivatives. In addition, the challenges and prospects for this field in the future are also discussed. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Characterization of polyaryletherketone (PAEK) filaments and printed parts produced by extrusion‐based additive manufacturing
Authors: Garcia‐Leiner Manuel , Streifel Benjamin , Başgül Cemile , MacDonald Daniel W , Kurtz Steven M 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study describes a detailed analytical characterization of polyaryletherketone (PAEK) polymers used in extrusion‐based additive manufacturing. The results provide key observations and highlight differences between commercially available polymers of the PAEK family, specifically polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and polyetherketoneketone (PEKK). Results suggest that inherent differences in their molecular structure lead to notable differences in terms of their viscoelastic, thermal and physical properties. Similarly, direct comparison of the properties between parent filaments and three‐dimensional printed (3DP) parts suggests that, as observed in subtractive processes, the molecular structure of the PAEK polymer selected (PEEK or PEKK), as well as the inherent physical properties associated with it, determine greatly the performance of final 3DP parts. Differential scanning calorimetry results suggest that the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PEEK 3DP bars (146.8 °C) is about 8 °C lower than that of the parent PEEK filament (154.8 °C). These small differences manifest greatly in the viscoelastic response after Tg, and the temperature at which a decrease in storage modulus is observed occurs consistently at lower temperatures in 3DP PEEK bars (ca 130 °C) compared to PEEK filaments (ca 150 °C). In contrast, no observable differences are noted between parent filaments and 3DP bars in PEKK polymers. For these polymers, the inherent semi‐crystalline behavior dominates their thermal and viscoelastic response. These structure–property relationships provide fundamental understanding to aid in the design and manufacturing of several industrial and biomedical applications that could potentially leverage the advantages of high‐temperature thermoplastic PAEK resins, as well as in the incorporation of these polymers in a growing number of technologies encompassing the field of additive manufacturing. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Parent–Child Connect: A culturally responsive parent training for Asian American parents at school
Authors: Wang Cixin , Liu Jia Li , Havewala Mazneen , Zhu Qianyu , Do Kieu Anh , Shao Xiaoping 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCompared to their school peers, Asian American youth report more internalizing symptoms, peer victimization, and higher rates of suicide, yet they underutilize mental health services at school. This study investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of a culturally responsive parent training program called Parent–Child Connect for Asian American parents at school. Forty‐eight Asian American parents (Mage = 42.98;SDage = 5.54, 79.2% female) participated in the parent training program. Parents reported significant increases in positive parenting (parental warmth, Cohen'sd = 0.33; reasoning,d = 0.42; and autonomy granting,d = 0.54), and decreases in negative parenting (verbal hostility,d = 0.52; directiveness,d = 0.33; and shaming behavior,d = 0.38) after the intervention. They also reported significant increases in their sense of competence (d = 0.53) and satisfaction in communicating with their children (d = 0.43). Good attendance and high satisfaction from parents suggested high feasibility of the intervention. Fifteen parents attended two focus group interviews 6 weeks after the training. Parents reported improved empathy, parent–child communication, and self‐efficacy, and provided suggestions for future iterations of the training. We discuss how school psychologists can provide parent training and support ethnic minority families at school. Impact Statement: To support Asian American youth and parents, we implemented Parent–Child Connect, a culturally responsive parent training program with Asian American parents at school. Results suggest that it is a feasible and effective parenting intervention for Asian American parents in the school setting.
The antimicrobial effect behind Cannabis sativa
Authors: Schofs Laureano , Sparo Mónica D. , Sánchez Bruni Sergio F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe development of multidrug‐resistant bacteria has revealed the need for new antimicrobial compounds. Cannabis sativa preparations have a long history of medical applications, including the treatment of infectious diseases. This review collects the information about the activity of C. sativa extracts and its main components (cannabinoids and terpenes) against pathogenic bacteria and fungus, to assess its potential using as antimicrobial agents.
Changing migration rates in England and Wales over a 40‐year period: Is mobility declining?
Authors: Duke‐Williams Oliver , Stuchbury Rachel , Stockton Jemima 
Published: April 2021

AbstractResearch using data for the United States has pointed towards a long‐term pattern of falling migration rates. Similar research in England and Wales has also found declining migration rates when observing all migrants. Using the Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study (ONS LS), we study the patterns of migration observed over 10‐year periods for persons in 10‐year birth cohorts over each intercensal period from 1971–1981 through to 2001–2011.When the sample population is considered as a whole, the results from the LS are consistent with earlier findings: There has been a decade‐on‐decade decline in the migration rate as observed in longitudinal data. When disaggregated by cohort, it is apparent that this decline is not always observed for young adults, but it is consistently observed for those in their 30s and older, for whom each successive cohort has a lower migration rate than the previous one and also for whom there is a steady within‐cohort decline in the migration rate over time. This is observed at both short and longer distances of move. Alternative results from successive censuses looking at migration observed for single years do not appear to confirm this decline in migration, although data collection and processing issues may be part of the explanation for this finding, and it is also the case that these data may be more subject to cyclical effects.
PBPK modeling to predict drug‐drug interactions of ivosidenib as a perpetrator in cancer patients and qualification of the Simcyp platform for CYP3A4 induction
Authors: Bolleddula Jayaprakasam , Ke Alice , Yang Hua , Prakash Chandra 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIvosidenib is a potent, targeted, orally active, small‐molecule inhibitor of mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) that has been approved in the United States for the treatment of adults with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who are greater than or equal to 75 years of age or ineligible for intensive chemotherapy, and those with relapsed or refractory AML, with a susceptible IDH1 mutation. Ivosidenib is an inducer of the CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4 and an inhibitor of P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp), organic anion transporting polypeptide‐1B1/1B3 (OATP1B1/1B3), and organic anion transporter‐3 (OAT3) in vitro. A physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PK) model was developed to predict drug‐drug interactions (DDIs) of ivosidenib in patients with AML. The in vivo CYP3A4 induction effect of ivosidenib was quantified using 4β‐hydroxycholesterol and was subsequently verified with the PK data from an ivosidenib and venetoclax combination study. The verified model was prospectively applied to assess the effect of multiple doses of ivosidenib on a sensitive CYP3A4 substrate, midazolam. The simulated midazolam geometric mean area under the curve (AUC) and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) ratios were 0.18 and 0.27, respectively, suggesting ivosidenib is a strong inducer. The model was also used to predict the DDIs of ivosidenib with CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, P‐gp, OATP1B1/1B3, and OAT3 substrates. The AUC ratios following multiple doses of ivosidenib and a single dose of CYP2B6 (bupropion), CYP2C8 (repaglinide), CYP2C9 (warfarin), P‐gp (digoxin), OATP1B1/1B3 (rosuvastatin), and OAT3 (methotrexate) substrates were 0.90, 0.52, 0.84, 1.01, 1.02, and 1.27, respectively. Finally, in accordance with regulatory guidelines, the Simcyp modeling platform was qualified to predict CYP3A4 induction using known inducers and sensitive substrates.