bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green economic based on low-carbon development on small islands
Authors: Kastanya A , Suhendy C C V , Pattimahu D V , Iskar  
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Global warming and climate change are having an impact on human and the planet. This occurs worldwide due to an exploitative economy, which does not consider the degradation of natural resources and the environment. Damage to terrestrial ecosystems in small island areas has a direct impact on the destruction of marine ecosystems, such as coral reefs, seagrasses, and another biodiversity. The most current devastating impact is the emergence of the “Covid-19 Pandemic”, which shows that so far humans have adopted an individualistic way of life that ignores their environment. This analysis is carried out through a literature review of the research results and scientific discussions that have developed so far. The results of the study show that if the economy continues to run as it is now, the Earth will continue to be in crises such as floods, extreme weather, rising sea levels, food shortage, and outbreaks of more viruses. Changes in paradigm and human behaviour are needed, not only from the government as the main actor of development but also support from the entire community. Science and innovation that are currently developing a change in development towards the ecological-economy, environmental economics, which is currently known as the “Green Economy Model” is already covered by controlling global warming and climate change. The transformation from an Exploitative Economy to a Green Economy has developed in the concept of Low Carbon Development and Build Back Better as part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which needs to be formed in an integrated manner as a concept for Sustainable Small Islands Development and bring welfare for the community.
Isolation and identification of fenobucarb degrading bacteria from Pangalengan farm land
Authors: Akhdiya A , Sanjaya R A , Wartono  
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The long term excessive use of pesticides can lead to their residues accumulation in the soils. Soil microbes were considered to convert the residues into harmless compounds, however the indigenous soil microbes having those beneficial properties are limited. Therefore this study aimed to isolate, select and identify the fenobucarb insecticide-degrading bacteria from agricultural soils. The soil samples were collected from the vegetable fields in Pangalengan, West Java, Indonesia. Isolation of the bacteria was conducted using Nitrate Mineral Salt Agar suplemented by 100 ppm of a fenobucarb. The bacteria isolates were selected based on its hypersensitive response, haemolytic activity, and its ability to degrade fenobucarb. The selected isolates was identified base on sequences of 16S rRNA gene. Twenty nine bacteria were isolated from four soil samples and 23 of the isolates were not potentially phytopathogenic and non haemolytic. The best three isolates that could degrade 94.2%, 94.5% and 95.47% fenobucarb residue are B41, B54 and B83 isolates, respectively. The 16S rDNA Sequence analysis showed that B41 and B83 isolates have 100% similarity to Bacillus thuringiensis MYBT 18426B54, while B54 isolate has 99% similarity to Bacillus luciferensis LMG 18422. These isolates are potential to be developed as a bioremediation agent.
Effort to reduce ammonia gas in the broiler chicken excreta with the addition of probiotic as substitute for antibiotic growth promoter
Authors: Mahardhika B P , Mutia R , Ridla M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study has been carried out to evaluate the use of drinking water-soluble probiotics as an alternative to Zinc bacitracin Antibiotic Growth Promoter (AGP) in an effort to reduce the concentration of ammonia excreta as a result of increased feed digestibility. The probiotic used contains 2.0 × 107 CFU mL−1 Lactobacillus sp, 1.6 × 107 CFU mL−1 Bacillus sp, and 7.4 × 109 CFU mL−1 Streptomyces sp. The excreta sample was obtained from 15 male Lohmann strain broiler chickens aged 35 days from a total population of 300 chickens that had previously been reared since Day Old Chick. The chickens were distributed into three treatments and five replications in a metabolic cage with a size of 50 cm × 30 cm × 56 cm for three days. This study used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The addition of probiotic significantly reduced (P <0.01) water content and ammonia concentration of broiler chicken excreta. The addition of drinking water-soluble probiotics significantly increased (P <0.01) the feed intake and feed digestibility of broiler chicken. The use of probiotics was better than Zinc bacitracin in reducing excreta ammonia concentration and feed digestibility.
Soybean varieties tolerance to intercropping with maize
Authors: Permanasari I , Sulistyaningsih E , Kurniasih B , Indradewa D 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
There is no available information in determining soybean varieties that shows tolerant when intercropped with maize. The objective of this study was to determine soybean varieties suitable for intercropping, based on changes in plant growth and yield when intercropped. The field experiment was conducted from October 2019 to February 2020 based on RCBD with 2 factors. The first factor was soybean with 16 national varieties. The second was cropping systems i.e., monoculture and intercropping. Morphology and yield data were observed and subsequently analysed based on performance difference (D) of each parameter between intercropping and monoculture. Tolerance level to cropping systems with maize was grouped based on the yield-based and selection index calculations. The results showed that different cropping systems affected morphological and yield parameters on 16 tested soybean varieties. Seven varieties i.e., Derap 1, Devon 1, Devon 2, Demas 1, Dena 1, Dena 2, and Wilis were grouped as tolerant to intercropping with maize. Among these, Derap 1 was the most tolerant variety.
Analysis of macro nutrient content in biofouling waste organic fertilizer pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima L.)
Authors: Nendissa J I , Makaruku M H , Tanasale V L , Kilkoda A K , Taribuka J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Biofouling development is a major problem in bilvave aquaculture around the world. The purpose of this study was to obtain macro nutrient analysis data for organic fertilizer from pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima L) biofouling waste. Where is the manufacture of solid organic fertilizer products that have quality equivalent to other commercial organic fertilizers by utilizing pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima L.) biofouling waste so that high quality solid organic fertilizers are produced which are in accordance with the Quality Standards for solid organic fertilizers and the Indonesian National Standard. Organic fertilizer from pearl oyster biofouling waste is obtained by using pearl oyster biofouling waste which is taken from the results of cleaning microorganisms attached to the pearl oyster shell area. Another major concern regarding biofouling is the potential for food competition caused by the attachment of the filter-feeder. Besides, the waste of biofouling pearl oysters is extracted and soaked in fresh water for one week at a time. Afterward, the pearl oyster biofouling waste is dried in the sun to dry, odorless, blackish brown in color. Analysis of macro nutrient content using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The results of the analysis of macro nutrient content were Water Content (5.76%), C (14.48%), Organic Matter (24%), N-total (0.92%), P-total (0, 25%), K-total (1.02%), C/N ratio (15.72).
Breed availability analysis of local beef cattle in Seram Utara Timur Seti District Maluku Tengah Regency
Authors: Salamena J F , Rajab  , Papilaya B J , Sarfan R 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study aim were to analyze the potential availability of breeds for beef cattle development in Seram Utara Timur Seti District. The research method used was a desk study and survey method. Desk studies were conducted by utilizing relevant secondary data from various related agencies, as well as relevant research results. Meanwhile, surveys and direct observations in the field were carried out in the Animal Husbandry Production Center (KSP) areas, namely Wailoping, Kobisonta and Waitila Village. The variables observed included population structure and potential availability of beef cattle. The results showed that the proportion of the beef cattle population for the categories of calves, youth and adults was 23.18; 22.18 and 54.64% respectively. The sex ratio of male to female in all age categories is still below the normal ratio of 1 male to 5. Total breed growth (net increase) was 70 tails per year from the total population of beef cattle in Seram Utara Timur Seti District (13,032 tails). The total growth of beef cattle is still less than 1% (around 130 heads) of the total population, so it is necessary to pay attention for the development of the source area for beef cattle breeding in Seram Utara Timur Seti District.
Study of dryland cultivation farming technology to support sustainable food independence on small islands
Authors: Riry J , Mahulette A S , Tapotubun A M , Riry W A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The agricultural sector's strategic roles for economic growth, including, among others: providing food for the Indonesian population, earning the country's foreign exchange through exports, providing industrial raw materials, increasing employment and business opportunities, increasing regional revenues, and alleviating poverty. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) stated that food self-sufficiency occurs when everyone in every moment can access food both physically and economically to meet their daily needs. Drylands have characteristics such as water shortage, erosion sensitivity, low land productivity, high variability in soil fertility, limited plant species, low adoption of advanced technology, minimal capital availability, and inadequate infrastructure. Small islands are islands ecologically separated from the mainland island, have clear physical boundaries, and are isolated from the parent island's habitats, so they are insular. Small islands usually have relatively small catchment areas, are vulnerable to global warming, sensitive to natural disasters, isolated and far from the main market, open to small-scale economic systems, have high population growth rates, have limited infrastructure and education, and limited skills of its inhabitants. Small islands have a high rate of land degradation that threatens the long-term sustainability of agriculture. Technologies that can be applied to dryland on small islands are conservation farming, LIESA system, Biointensive Gardening, Dusung, Agropasture, Sloping Agricultural Land Technology (SALT), Rounders type, No-tillage, and small island weed management. This paper is an ideal contribution to overcome the food problem in small islands that generally have drylands. It was presented at the National Seminar of the Indonesian Agronomy Association (PERAGI) in Bogor
Implementation study of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) of Red Fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lamk.)
Authors: Makaruku M H , Wattimena A Y , Mahulette A S , Kembauw E 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study aims to determine and analyze the GAP components that have implemented by red fruit farmers. The method used in the study was a survey method of plant cultivation. The multistage random sampling method used to taking sampling sampling. The area selected for the study area uses the land ownership startification. Each village was randomly sampled as many as 10 farmers, the total number of which was 30 sampled farmers. The results showed that the farmers in the Taniwel District had not fully implemented the GAP guidelines in the cultivation of red fruit plants which included seeding methods, maintenance and post-harvest processing. This is due to the absence of outreach or counseling from the relevant Dinas regarding the GAP guidelines for red fruit plants.
Consumption pattern and hope food pattern in Salahutu District, Maluku Tengah Regency
Authors: Timisela N R , Girsang W , Tupamahu L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study aims to analyze food consumption patterns, the hope food patterns, and the factors that influence household food consumption patterns. The research was located in Suli and Liang Villages, Central Maluku Regency. The location was determined purposively based on the 2017 Central Maluku Regency Food Security and Vulnerability Atlas (FSVA) results included in Priority 1 and 2 as Food Vulnerable Areas. The research sample was determined by simple random sampling using the Slovin formula with a total sample size of 87 households, 44 (Suli Village) and 43 (Liang Village). The research data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The results showed that the pattern of household food consumption in the two villages was lower than the ideal weight of food consumption, namely 870 g/capita/day, respectively 783.83 (Liang Village) and 709.81 (Suli Village). The score of the hope food pattern in Liang Village is 75, and Suli Village is 76.9. Analysis of the factors that influence household food consumption patterns in the two villages with a coefficient of determination of 51.56 (Liang Village) and 59.19 (Suli Village). The results of the t-test show that the factors that influence the pattern of household food consumption in Liang Village include income (X
1), the number of family members (X
2), and the education of housewife (X
4), while the factors that influence food consumption patterns Households in Suli Village include income (X
1), age of the housewife (X
3) and education of housewife (X
4).
Organic matter and mixed biofertilizer for plant growth and yield of shallot grown in fertile soil
Authors: Hindersah R , Kalay A M , Ngabalin I A , Jamlean M , Talahaturuson A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, shallot is important horticultural crops in Maluku include in Tual City, Maluku Province. For ensuring the macronutrients level in soil and yield during shallot cultivation, fertilization composed of chemical, organic and bio fertilizer is needed. The objective of field experiment was to evaluate the effect of mixed biofertilizer integrated with organic matter on total nitrogen and available phosphorous in soil as well as shallot yield grown in Vertisols of Tual. The experiment was setup in randomized block design with four treatments of compost and chicken manure amendment with and without biofertilizer containing N-fixing bacteria and P-solubilizing. At the vegetative stage, consortia biofertilizer combined with either compost or chicken manure increased plant height and soil reaction but decreased the available phosphate (P) and didn't change nitrogen (N) total in soil. Chicken manure amendment combined with biofertilizer inoculation increased dry weight of shoots and bulbs even though didn't significantly differ with other treatments. Nonetheles, that treatment resulted in high yield of shallot bulbs up to 14 t/ha.
The feasibility of environmentally friendly and conventional shallot farming in Bantul Regency
Authors: Kamardiani D R , Fauzan M , Riansyah K S 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study analyses the differences in costs, profit, and feasibility of environmentally friendly and conventional shallot farming in Bantul Regency. Data were collected from 128 farmers taken by cluster sampling and analyzed quantitatively using profit analysis and R/C ratio. The results showed that the total production cost of environmentally friendly shallot farming was 12.29% higher than conventional shallot farming, but conventional shallot farming had a higher profit of 41.94%. Both environmentally friendly and conventional farming is feasible, but the R/C ratio of conventional shallot farming is higher by 0.7.
The impact of climate change on the resin productivity of dammar tree (Agathis alba) in Inamosol subdistrict, West Seram district, Maluku-Indonesia
Authors: Matinahoru J M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This research was aimed to determine the impact of climate change on the resin productivity of dammar tree. This research will be useful as data and information for farmers and government to maintain the resin of dammar tree to be optimal and sustainable in production. This research was conducted in Inamosol Sub-district, West Seram District, Maluku Indonesia, during September-October 2020. Village and farmer samples were determined by purposive sampling technique. The selected villages were Honitetu, Hukuanakota and Rambatu. Furthermore, from each village, It was ten farmers to select for interviews and filling the questionnaire. The results showed that the average resin production of farmers in 2019 was 904.2 kg/farmer, while in 2020 was 523.7 kg/farmer. This means that it occurred a decline in resin production in 2020 about 42.08 % for each farmer—the leading cause of the decreased production as climate change factors, namely rainfall, temperature and humidity. Based on climate data of West Seram District in 2019 indicated that rainfall has occurred during six months with an average temperature of 27 °C and relative humidity of 82 %. Meanwhile, in 2020 the rainfall occurs for nine months with an average temperature of 26.5 °C, and relative humidity of 85 %.
In-situ kuskus conservation strategy in Wakasihu Village, West Leihitu District, Central Maluku District
Authors: Th Latupapua Y , Tetelay F F , Soselisa F , Pattinasarany C K , Latupapua L , Sanduan A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Kuskus, a marsupial species belonging to the Phalangeridae family that is vulnerable in the IUCN Redlist, is one of the endemic animals whose survival is currently very concerning due to habitat destruction and poaching, so conservation activities need to be carried out immediately. This study aims to identify the characteristics of the habitat, type of feed, and in situ conservation strategies in the Wakasiu forest, Leihitu Barat sub-district, Central Maluku district. This research was conducted in October 2020. Habitat characteristics were identified using vegetation analysis, forage types were identified using direct and indirect observations, and insitu conservation strategies using SWOT analysis. The highest index of importance at the tree level in the line of observation is the type of gayam (lnocarpus fagifer) (20.19%), at the level of weaning is the langsat species (70.32%) the level of the pole type of brown (69.27%). The diversity level of plant species is high and the level of evenness of plant species is even. There are 24 types of plants recorded as potential for special feed. The in-situ conservation strategy that is carried out is planting the type of feed preferred by the specialists, so as to provide a stable feed availability during the successive fruiting period. Apart from that, the restriction of hunting for specialties is through written regulations and the imposition of sanctions.
Investigations of the properties of filaments generated in gas mixtures pumped by femtosecond laser pulses
Authors: Jing Chenrui , Wang Zhaohui , Qi Xiexing 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we compare the properties of filaments generated in a Ne–N2 mixture, pure N2, a Kr–N2 mixture, and a Xe–N2 mixture pumped by femtosecond laser pulses systematically. Due to different nonlinear refractive indices and ionization potentials of these noble gases, the clamped intensity and plasma density can be tuned in a certain range when small amounts of different noble gases are injected into pure N2. In addition, we also demonstrate that a higher proportion of noble gas and shorter incident pulse duration can have the benefit of manipulating the plasma density on a relatively larger scale.
Wavefronts, light rays and caustic associated with the refraction of a plane wavefront by a conospherical lens
Authors: Galindo-Rodríguez José Israel , Silva-Ortigoza Gilberto 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The aim of the present work is to introduce a lens whose faces are a conical surface and a spherical surface. We illuminate this lens by a plane wavefront and its associated refracted wavefronts, light rays and caustic are computed. We find that the caustic region has two branches and can be virtual, real or one part virtual and the other real, depending on the values of the parameters characterizing the lens. Furthermore, we present a particular example where one of the branches of the caustic region is constituted by two segments of a line, one part is real and the other one virtual. The second branch is a two-dimensional surface with a singularity of the cusp ridge type such that its Gaussian curvature is different from zero. It is important to remark that for this example, the two branches of the caustic are disconnected. Because of this property and the result obtained by Berry and Balazs on the relationship between the acceleration of an Airy beam and the curvature of its corresponding caustic, we believe that using this optical element one could generate a scalar optical accelerating beam in the region where the caustic is a two-dimensional surface of revolution, and at the same time a scalar optical beam with similar properties to the Bessel beam of zero order in the region were the real caustic is a segment of a line along the optical axis.
On the relation between visual quality and landscape characteristics: a case study application to the waterfront linear parks in Shenyang, China
Authors: Sun Dong , Li Qingyu , Gao Weijun , Huang Gonghu , Tang Ning , Lyu Mei , Yu Yiqing 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In recent years, Chinese cities have begun to pay attention to their rivers, and a large number of waterfront linear parks have been built in the riverside areas, so that the public can easily enjoy their landscape and entertainment functions. In this study, the visual quality of the waterfront trails and the greenbelt trails in the Waterfront linear Park around the Hunhe river in Shenyang was evaluated the basis of the Scenic Beauty Estimation Method and Semantic Differential Method, and the principal components of the landscape characteristics were extracted and a regression model of the visual quality and the landscape characteristics was established. Results show that the natural feature and the formal feature have a positive influence on the visual quality in waterfront linear parks, and the man-made feature has a negative impact on the visual quality. The six landscape characteristics are Sense of seclusion, ecology, intactness, uniqueness, unity and vitality, which are the main factors which affect the visual quality. This study puts forward improvement measures for the waterfront trails and the greenbelt trails, and the results can be applied to the planning, construction, and management of waterfront linear parks.