bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LA SIMPLIFICACIÓN ADMINISTRATIVA EN EL DERECHO COMPARADO: EL EJEMPLO DE PORTUGAL. ELEMENTOS EXPORTABLES PARA UNA CONSTRUCCIÓN SISTEMÁTICA DEL PROCEDIMIENTO ADMINISTRATIVO DESDE LA SIMPLIFICACIÓN
Authors: MORA RUIZ MANUELA 
Published: August 2021

La simplificación administrativa constituye un principio clave en
los procesos de reforma y/o modernización del Derecho Administrativo que se están
planteando en la actualidad. Los instrumentos de simplificación administrativa
se están impulsando desde organizaciones internacionales, y están siendo acogidos
de manera diversa en los países de nuestro entorno, proyectándose directamente
sobre el procedimiento administrativo. Este Trabajo pretende un estudio
de Derecho Comparado en torno a la incorporación de la simplificación administrativa
en Portugal. Desde esta perspectiva, el Ordenamiento administrativo portugués
puede considerarse un referente tanto en el diseño de una auténtica política
de simplificación administrativa, como en la positivación de sus técnicas a través
del procedimiento administrativo, poniendo de manifiesto la idoneidad de esta
Institución para reflejar cambios fundamentales del Derecho Administrativo.
Administrazio Zuzenbidea erreformatzeko eta/edo modernizatzeko
abian diren prozesuek dauzkaten printzipioen artean, Administrazioa sinplifikatzean
datzana funtsezkoa da. Nazioarteko erakundeak Administrazioa sinplifikatzeko
tresnak bultzatzen ari dira, eta gure inguruko herrialdeak hainbat modutara
ari dira printzipio hori aplikatzen, administrazio-prozeduran zuzenean txertatuta.
Lan honetako azterketa Zuzenbide konparatuan oinarritzen da, Portugalen administrazio-
sinplifikazioa zer-nola txertatu duten begiratuz. Ikuspegi horretatik,
Portugaleko ordenamendu administratiboa erreferente gisa har daiteke, bai administrazioa
sinplifikatzeko egiazko politika diseinatzeagatik, bai administrazio-prozeduraren
bidez teknikak positibatzeagatik, agerian jarriz erakunde hori oso egokia
dela Administrazio Zuzenbidearen funtsezko aldaketak islatzeko.
Administrative simplification is one of the keys of the process of
modernization of Administrative Law nowadays. The simplification techniques
and instruments are taking place in administrative procedure because of the International
Organizations¿ interest and the resultant implementation process is
different from one country to another. Therefore, this Paper aims to present a
comparative study of the Portuguese Administrative Law regarding the bases and
instruments of administrative simplification, so that Portugal can be considered as
a reference in order to design a public policy of simplification and to incorporate
its techniques in administrative procedure. From this point of view, we should remark
how administrative procedure is a basic institution to reflect the changes of
Administrative Law with regard to the principle of administrative simplification.
KOBİ'LERDE ISO 9001 KALİTE YÖNETİM SİSTEMİ UYGULAMALARINDA KARŞILAŞILAN SORUNLARIN TESPİTİNE YÖNELİK KEŞİFSEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: KARAKUŞ Güzide 
Published: August 2021

Amaç: ISO 9001 Kalite Yönetim Sistemi (KYS) Standardı dünya genelinde en çok uygulanan standart olmakla birlikte sistemin etkin kullanımına ilişkin soru işaretleri varlığını korumaktadır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, KOBİ’lerde ISO 9001 KYS uygulamalarında karşılaşılan sorunların tespit edilmesi ve etkin bir sistem yönetimi için gerekliliklerin belirlenmesidir.Yöntem: Çalışmada nitel araştırma tekniklerinden Açıklayıcı Çoklu Durum Analizi kullanılarak sorunun “nasıl” ve “neden”leri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bulgular: Gözlem, belge inceleme, görüşme ve raporlama aşamalarından oluşan uygulama süreci sonunda elde edilen bulgular, KOBİ’lerin en fazla risk yönetimi, insan kaynakları, eğitim, düzeltici faaliyet, uygun olmayan ürünün kontrolü ve iç denetim süreçlerinin uygulanmasında zorlandığını göstermiştir. ISO 9001 KYS’de karşılaşılan sorunların temel nedenleri ise yönetimin gerekli desteği sunmaması, çalışanların sisteme gösterdikleri direnç ve iş yoğunluğu nedeniyle kalite sistemine vakit ayrılamaması olarak belirlenmiştir.Özgünlük: Bu çalışmanın literatürdeki diğer çalışmalardan temel farkı, öncelikle nitel araştırma yöntemi ile algılardan öte durum ve düşüncelerin analiz edilmesidir. Ayrıca çalışmada KOBİ’lerin KYS uygulamalarında karşılaştıkları sorunlar, farklı tarafların (İşletme Kalite Temsilcileri, ISO 9001 KYS Belgelendirme Denetçisi) bakış açısıyla tespit edilmiştir. Literatürde birden çok bakış açısının değerlendirildiği bir çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır.
Observations of iodine monoxide over three summers at the Indian Antarctic bases of Bharati and Maitri
Authors: Mahajan Anoop S. , Biswas Mriganka S. , Beirle Steffen , Wagner Thomas , Schönhardt Anja , Benavent Nuria , Saiz-Lopez Alfonso 
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Iodine plays a vital role in oxidation chemistry over Antarctica, with past observations showing highly elevated levels of iodine oxide (IO) leading to severe depletion of boundary layer ozone in West Antarctica. Here, we present MAX-DOAS-based (multi-axis differential absorption spectroscopy) observations of IO over three summers (2015–2017) at the Indian Antarctic bases of Bharati and Maitri. IO was observed during all the campaigns with mixing ratios below 2 pptv (parts per trillion by volume) for the three summers, which are lower than the peak levels observed in West Antarctica. This suggests that sources in West Antarctica are different or stronger than sources of iodine compounds in East Antarctica, the nature of which is still uncertain. Vertical profiles estimated using a profile retrieval algorithm showed decreasing gradients with a peak in the lower boundary layer. The ground-based instrument retrieved vertical column densities (VCDs) were approximately a factor of 3 to 5 higher than the VCDs reported using satellite-based instruments, which is most likely related to the sensitivities of the measurement techniques. Air mass back-trajectory analysis failed to highlight a source region, with most of the air masses coming from coastal or continental regions. This study highlights the variation in iodine chemistry in different regions in Antarctica and the importance of a long-term dataset to validate models estimating the impacts of iodine chemistry.
Self-reported oral health status and associated factors among Afghan refugees in Peshawar Pakistan; a pilot study
Authors: Qadir Syed Abdul , Muhammad Shahzad , Khattak Maria Ishaq , Khan Zohaib , Khan Muslim , Haq Zia Ul 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Afghan refugees in Pakistan is the third largest refugee community in the world. However, till date, information about their oral health and disease burden is very limited. The current is aimed to assess self-reported oral health status, practices, dental care access and associated factors among Afghan refugees in district Peshawar, Pakistan.
Material & Methods: This pilot, cross sectional study was conducted on 644 adult Afghan refugees residing in district Peshawar from June to September 2020. Socio-demographic characteristics and data on selfreported oral health status, oral hygiene habits and dental care access was collected using self-reported oral health questionnaire. Statistical tests were applied to determine association between self-reported oral health status and participants characteristics using SPSS.
Results: Of all the respondents, majority (79.3%) were Pashtun by ethnicity and 41.6% did not obtain any formal education. Nearly all (97.2%) of them reported cleaning their teeth regularly, at least once a day with tooth brush and tooth paste being the commonest cleansing agents. More than half participants (58.1%) rated their oral health good/very good and 68.0% were satisfied with their dental appearance. Tooth ache and sensitivity were the most commonly reported oral problems. 28.7% of the participants never visited dentist in their life. Most of the participants (82.6%) felt need of dental care in the past one year but could not get it due to financial constraints. Significant association were found between self-rated oral health and age, marital status, country of birth, formal education and dentist visit (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Afghan refugees in Pakistan have poor self-reported oral health status. Access to dental care and oral health promotion and educations programs are crucial to improve oral health of this vulnerable population.
Work related musculoskeletal disorders in physical therapists; a systematic review
Authors: Haleem Muhammad Hammad , Ali Ikram , Khan Savera , Jehangir Abdullah , Ullah Irfan 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Physical therapists are required to perform tasks that predispose them to developing work related musculoskeletal disorders. The physical therapists personal and professional life can be affected by work related musculoskeletal disorders. High level evidence is lacking regarding work related musculoskeletal disorders. The purpose of this study was to combine information on prevalence, risk factors and the consequences of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in physical therapists.
Material & Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines.Three members independently searched the databases PubMed and other online sources including google scholar for relevant data from July 2014 to September 2020. Cross-sectional studies published in English language which reported work related musculoskeletal disorders in physical therapists were included. Studies involving physical therapy students and internees, having insufficient information about past or current work-related musculoskeletal disorders, sample size of physical therapists less than 50 and not published in peer reviewed journals were excluded.
Results: Twenty one articles were included in current systematic review. The 1-year prevalence of workrelated musculoskeletal disorders among physical therapists ranged from 38.5% to 97.6%. The low back was the commonest affected body part. Treating large number of patients and manual therapy were the leading risk factors for developing work related musculoskeletal disorders. The most common consequences were modifying treatment techniques and reducing work hours.
Conclusion: Prevalence of work related musculoskeletal disorders are high among physical therapists. The nature of physical therapy job presents significant risk factors which can lead to work related musculoskeletal disorders.
Congenital Urethrovaginal Fistula with Blind-Ending Vagina in a Female Pseudohermaphrodite Dog with Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Thompson Jamie-Leigh , Liuti Tiziana , Albuquerque Carolina , Murgia Daniela 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
An 8 mo old male Doberman pinscher was referred for investigation of persistent urinary incontinence. Physical examination revealed urine leakage and abnormal external genitalia. A computed tomography scan identified a large fluid-filled cavity extending from the caudoventral abdomen displacing the colon and urinary bladder. No retained testicles were identified. A retrograde urethrogram study found a linear communication, cranial to the pubic brim between the urethra to the fluid-filled cavity (fistula). Exploratory celiotomy was performed, and an entire female reproductive tract with a blind-ending vagina and a urethrovaginal fistula was found. En bloc gonad hysterectomy was performed, the fistula was transected, and a careful urethral reconstruction was performed. The urinary incontinence resolved immediately after surgery, and no complications were reported. Mild urinary incontinence recurred 4 days following patient discharge, and a urine bacterial culture was positive for Klebsiella spp. An antibiotic course was prescribed, and the incontinence fully resolved. Congenital urogenital abnormalities should always be considered in young animals presenting with urinary incontinence. Here, a young female pseudohermaphrodite dog with a naturally occurring congenital urethrovaginal fistula is described. Exploratory surgery was required for definitive diagnosis and surgical intervention yielded a good medium-term outcome with resolution of clinical signs.
Análisis del efecto del consumo final e inversión bruta en el empleo formal de Nicaragua (Período 2009-2018)
Authors: Lola Leuvad Tercero , Velázquez Vanegas Hugo 
Published: August 2021

En este artículo se analiza la incidencia del consumo final e inversión bruta en el empleo formal de la economía nicaragüense (2009-2018), respaldado por la teoría keynesiana. Se utilizan datos oficiales del Banco Central de Nicaragua (BCN) y se realiza un análisis correlacional con modelización econométrica a través del método de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios (MCO). La evolución de las variables muestra una tendencia creciente a lo largo del periodo, únicamente en 2018 que sufren un descenso debido a la crisis sociopolítica, a excepción de la inversión bruta, que tiene un comportamiento fluctuante y su mayor descenso fue en 2018. Las actividades económicas que demandaron mayor fuerza laboral fueron servicios comunales, sociales y personales y la industria manufacturera, y que a su vez fueron las actividades que fortalecieron el sector exportador. Tanto el consumo final como la inversión bruta tienen un efecto positivo en el empleo formal; se evidencia el efecto multiplicador del consumo público que permite la variación del consumo final siendo ésta la implementación de una política fiscal expansiva (ceteris paribus), lo que permitió encontrar que el consumo final está dando un mayor aporte que la inversión bruta y ambas dan lugar a la estimulación de la demanda agregada con el fin de aumentar la producción, permitiendo ofertar mayor número de empleos formales.
DU NON-SENS À LA MISE EN RÉCIT DU PASSAGE À L’ACTE CHEZ LES MINEURS NON ACCOMPAGNÉS
Authors: Gallet Fiona , Karray1 Amira 
Published: August 2021

Notre recherche porte sur le récit post-migratoire des mineurs non accompagnés (MNA) comme alternative au passage à l’acte et sur la manière dont il rend compte du parcours migratoire, des tentatives d’élaboration de vécus traumatiques, et de réappropriation subjective. Hypothèses : Pour ces jeunes, le passage à l’acte aurait une fonction de contenance et de défense contre les affects dépressifs. La création serait une tentative de symbolisation autour d’une aire potentielle d’expérience. Résultats : Les trajectoires individuelles des jeunes montrent une difficulté à exprimer la souffrance qu’ils ont accumulé durant le parcours migratoire.
Measurement of Sub-Lethal Toxicity and Effect of Kerosene Pollutant on Hematological Profile of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
Authors: Ivon E. A. , Sanusi-Jadesola F. O. , Edu N. E. , Anyanwu C. O. , Ubi G. M. , Odum Edodi Iyam 
Published: August 2021

Background and Objectives: The study measured the impact of crude oil fractions and its derivatives like kerosene on the early life and sub-adults growth of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus in terms of mild, acute and chronic toxicity effect. It also examines the effect of indiscriminate spillage of crude oil derivatives on aquatic organisms.
Materials and Methods: Blood profiles such as Red Blood Cell count (RBC), White Blood Cell count (WBC), Blood Differentials, Hemoglobin, (HB), and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) of the treated fishes and control were estimated after exposure of the fish to the kerosene pollutant. Behavioral changes in fish exposed to8.0ml/l, 16.0ml/l, 25.0ml/l and 50.0ml/l of kerosene pollutant varied from erratic swimming, moribund movement, jumping and lack of balance.
Results: At concentration 8.0ml/L, mean total mortality was observed within 72hours of exposure. The lethal concentration (LC50) was 8.0ml/L and highest mean mortality observed with 80% kerosene pollutant. PCV of the exposed fish was 26% when compared to the control 27%, HB was 8.9 gdl as against 9.0 gdl in the control. Total WBC was 640 x 109/L as against 1280 x 109/L in control. RBC reading was 2.1 compared to 5.3 mm3 of the control. Lymphocyte was 80%, Neutrophil was 4% and monocyte 16% compared to 62%, 8% and 30% in control respectively. There was decrease in white blood cells counts for 8.0, 16.0, 25.0 and 50.0ml/L groups (p<0.05) compared to the control.
Conclusion: The study concludes that it is necessary to ensure the safety of aquatic life forms especially fishes, by minimizing aquatic pollution with kerosene to sustain fish food quality, availability and security.
The Prevalence of Substance use among in-School and out-of-School Adolescents: A Comparative Analysis in Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Aniemena C. R. , Ilika F. N. , Nwosu P. O. , Adogu P. O. , Azuike E. C. , Ohamaeme M. C. 
Published: August 2021

Aim: The use of various substances is very common among the populace. These agents are readily abused by adolescents and youths who are introduced to these substances at an early age in life. This thus leads to abuse and misuse that eventually has a catastrophic outcome to the society at large.
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of substance use among in-school and out-of-school adolescents; a comparative analysis in Anambra State, Nigeria.
Study Design: This was a cross-sectional comparative study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in schools, parks and markets of Onitsha municipal area of Anambra State, Nigeria, from September 2019-April 2020.
Methodology: A total of 250 in-school and 250 out-of-school adolescents aged 10-19 years, within Onitsha municipal area was sampled through the use of a semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire, that was adapted from a WHO designed instrument on drug use among non-student youths. Frequency distributions were developed, while associations between variables were tested using t-test, fisher’s test, and chi-square.
Results: The results showed that most participants were males with mean ages of both sexes being 16.7 among the in-school and 16.1 in the out-of-school. There was statistically significant difference in alcohol consumption between in-school compared to out-of-school, p=0.001; and cigarette smoking, p=0.001. However, inhalants use was more among in-school compared to out-of-school, though not statistically significant. The overall prevalence of substance use was 58.4%, with 80.4% among the out-of-school compared to 36.4% with the in-school participants. Conclusion: Substance use is common among in-school and out-of-school adolescents. The prevalence of substance use was significantly higher among out-of-school compared to in-school adolescents. Parents should teach their children the dangers of substance abuse while Schools and governments should ensure inclusion of such in the curriculum.
Maternal Lipid Profile in Preeclampsia: Case-Control Study
Authors: Agbara J. O. , Rabiu K. A. , Gbadegesin A. , Okoh N. W. 
Published: August 2021

Background: Preeclampsia has continued to be a challenge especially in the areas of understanding the pathogenesis and prevention or treatment of the disease. Previous reports on the relationship between maternal lipids and preeclampsia have varied as its role in the aetiopathogenesis of pre-eclampsia is not clearly defined. This study aimed at comparing the lipid profile in preeclampsia with that in normotensive pregnancy. It also examined for any relationship between an abnormal profile and severe disease.
Methods: This was a prospective case-control study. It was conducted among pregnant women who presented for routine antenatal care and those seen in the emergency room of the obstetrics unit of a tertiary institution in Lagos, Nigeria. The duration of the study was 6 months as it took place between May 2015 to October 2015. Pregnant women in their second half of pregnancy, diagnosed to have pre-eclampsia and, who gave consent were consecutively recruited as cases and pregnant women with similar age and gestational age, who had normal blood pressure were also selected as controls within the study period. The Maternal lipid profile was assayed using an enzyme-based assay kit and analysed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. All participants were followed up till delivery.
Results: One hundred and seventy pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy participated in this study. They were within 18 – 45 years of age. More of the participants were nulliparous. Eighty-five of them had pre-eclampsia and constituted the study group while 85 were normotensive in the control group. The mean age was similar in both groups (control=29.59 ± 4.50 years versus pre-eclampsia=29.73 ± 5.10 years). The gestational ages at blood sampling of the patients in this study ranged between 27 – 40 weeks. The analysis of data revealed that the level of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein and very-low-density lipoprotein was higher in the cases compared with the control. This difference was statistically significant because the calculated P-value was <0.05. The level of high-density lipoprotein was lower in those with pre-eclampsia. Serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein were significantly higher (P-value= 0.04) in those with severe disease. A significant positive relationship was observed between mean arterial blood pressure and abnormal levels of lipids.
Conclusion: An abnormal pattern of lipid profile was observed in women with preeclampsia and this was more marked in those with severe disease. A larger multi-centre study will be required to substantiate this finding.
Availability of Renewable Energy Sources in Mauritania: Potential, Current Status and Mitigation Potential
Authors: Kane Cheikh Sidi Ethmane , Ba Labouda , Tapsoba Gildas , Record Marie-Christine , Haidara Fanta 
Published: August 2021

For decades, Mauritania's economy has been fueled by thermal power. As a developing economy, Mauritania's electricity demand has long been relatively low, though it has increased recently due to economic growth, urbanization, and industrial activities. The rapid growth in demand is making the country more dependent on oil and gas-based generation power plants, which a resultant drain on the national economy. However, Mauritania has abundant renewable energy potential. the deployment of renewable energy can be an alternative solution to reduce the dependence on fossil resources. In this paper, we have reviewed the situation of the power generation sector, the potential of renewable energy, the integration of renewable energy in Mauritania's energy mix and the mitigation potential. The installed capacity in 2018 is 415.5 MW. The percentage of thermal power plants is 59.8% and 40.2% of the integrated capacity is provided by renewable energy. In 2018, the total electric power generation was 1958.5 GWh, the contribution of renewable energy was 979.75 GWh. The IPCC 2006 methodology was used to estimate GHG emissions. The results showed that the integration of renewable energy into the country's energy mix reduced emissions by approximately 212.58 Gg CO2eq.