bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nasopalatine duct cyst occurring after secondary alveolar bone grafting: A case report
Authors: Kobayashi Yoshikazu , Kyo Iyo , Satoh Koji , Isomura Madoka , Urano Makoto 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe describe an exceedingly rare case of a nasopalatine duct cyst that developed after bone grafting into an alveolar cleft.Case presentationA 10‐year‐old male patient with a unilateral lip and alveolar cleft underwent alveolar bone grafting. Computed tomography at the 1‐year follow‐up revealed a well‐defined, round radiolucency including the grafted bone and the incisive canal. Cystectomy and bone grafting were performed, and the resected specimen was histopathologically diagnosed as a nasopalatine duct cyst. The postoperative course was good and bone bridging was achieved, including at the alveolar cleft.ConclusionBased on our observations and the findings of previous reports, surgical stimulation due to alveolar bone grafting was suggested to have caused the NDC.
Enhancing mechanical properties of high‐density polyethylene/polydopamine‐modified basalt fiber composites via synergistic compatibilizers
Authors: Song Wenjing , Guo Ke , Li Zongze , Zhao Yunhui , Zhu Kongying , Yuan Xiaoyan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe mechanical properties of polymer‐based composites are generally determined by the interfacial adhesion between the inorganic component and the polymer itself. In this work, high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) composites were prepared with polydopamine(PDA)‐modified short basalt fibers (D‐BF) as an inorganic filler, in which the interface between HDPE and D‐BF was mediated by maleic anhydride‐grafted polyethylene (PE‐g‐MAH) and maleic anhydride‐grafted poly(ethylene‐co‐octene) elastomer (POE‐g‐MAH). The adding mass ratio of both the compatibilizers had a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the prepared HDPE/D‐BF composites. When total 5 wt% of both PE‐g‐MAH and POE‐g‐MAH with a mass ratio of 1/3 was introduced, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the composite containing 2.5 wt% D‐BF reached 53.7 ± 0.8 MPa and 1174 ± 17%, respectively, about 73% and 157% higher than those of the pristine HDPE. Therefore, this work demonstrated a feasible way to prepare polymeric composites with high strength and high toughness via the dual‐compatibilizer and PDA modification of the fillers.
Advances in host selection and interface regulation of polymer electrolytes
Authors: Wang Jirong , Zhang Chi , Zhang Yong , Xue Zhigang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPolymer electrolyte (PE) has been emerging as a promising alternative to liquid electrolytes due to the unique advantages such as excellent flexibility and processability, high chemical and thermal stability, and low risk of leakage and combustion, especially for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Even though abundant attempts focusing on polymer chemistries have been made, the inadequate capacity of lithium‐ion transport via segmental motion still cannot provide satisfying room temperature ionic conductivity and lithium‐ion transference number. In addition, safety concerns and short lifespan resulted from the brittle and incompatible interface between the electrode and polymer materials also hinder the commercialization of PEs‐based LIBs. Hence, for the above performance defects and interface issues, this review provides an overview of polymer electrolytes from the conductivity improvement, polymer selection and mechanical strength enhancement for protrusion suppressing. The improvement of conductivity specifically includes structure modification of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) host and novel electrolyte matrix beyond PEO, while the section of interface regulation mainly involves dendrite‐inhibited polymers, mechanical strengthening, and in situ polymerization. Finally, perspectives and challenges are pointed out in the development of polymer electrolytes with both excellent electrochemical performance and safety for LIBs.
Metabolic syndrome and prostate cancer in Afro‐Caribbean men
Authors: Lefebvre Florian , Blanchet‐Deverly Anne , Michineau Leah , Blanchet Pascal , Multigner Luc , Brureau Laurent 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroduction and ObjectivesMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of risk factors that increases the likelihood of developing cardiovascular diseases. Although suggested, the relationship between MetS and prostate cancer (PCa) is still inconclusive. Very few studies have addressed this question in populations of African descent, which are disproportionately affected by PCa. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of MetS among incident cases of Afro‐Caribbean PCa and estimate its association with adverse clinicopathological features and the risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP).Materials and MethodsWe included 285 consecutive patients with incident cases of PCa attending the University Hospital of Guadeloupe (French West Indies). MetS was evaluated at the time of diagnosis by collecting information on blood pressure, glycaemic status, triglyceride and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and obesity through various surrogates, including two waist circumference indicators (≤94 cm, ≥102 cm), the waist‐to‐hip ratio (≥0.95), and body mass index (BMI; ≥30 kg/m2). We followed 245 patients who underwent RP as primary treatment of localized PCa.ResultsThe prevalence of MetS varied greatly, from 31.6% to 16.4%, when a waist circumference ≥94 cm or BMI were used as obesity surrogates, respectively. No significant associations were found between MetS, regardless of the obesity criteria employed, and the risk of adverse pathological features or BCR.ConclusionsThe high variability in MetS resulting from the diversity of obesity criteria used may explain the discordant associations reported in the literature. Further studies using strict and uniform criteria to define MetS on homogeneous ethnic groups are encouraged to clarify the association, if any, between MetS and PCa outcomes.
Ternary association reactions of H3O+, NO+ and O2+• with N2, O2, CO2 and H2O; implications for selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry analyses of air and breath
Authors: Smith David , Španěl Patrik 
Published: December 2021

RationaleThe reactions of the reagent ions used for trace gas analysis in selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT‐MS), R+, viz. H3O+, NO+ and O2+, with the major gases in air and breath samples, M, viz. N2, O2, CO2 and H2O, are investigated. These reactions are seen to form weakly‐bound adduct ions, R+M, by ternary association reactions that must not be mistaken for genuine volatile organic compound (VOC) analyte ions.MethodsThe ternary association rate coefficients mediated by helium (He) carrier gas atoms, k3a, have been determined for all combinations of R+ and M, which form R+M adduct ions ranging in m/z from 47 (H3O+N2) to 76 (O2+•CO2). This was achieved by adding variable amounts of M (up to 0.5 mbar pressure) into the He carrier gas (pressure of 1.33 mbar) in a SIFT‐MS flow tube at 300 K. Parabolic curvature was observed on some of the semi‐logarithmic decay curves that allowed the rate coefficients mediated by M molecules, k3b, to be estimated.ResultsValues of k3a were found to range from 1 × 10−31 cm6 s−1 to 5 × 10−29 cm6 s−1, which form mass spectral R+M “ghost peaks” of significant strength when analysing VOCs at parts‐per‐billion concentrations. It was seen that the R+M adduct ions (except when M is H2O) react with H2O molecules by ligand switching forming the readily recognised monohydrates of the initial reagent cations R+H2O. Whilst this ligand switching diminishes the R+M adduct ghost peaks, it does not eliminate them entirely.ConclusionsThe significance of these adduct ions for trace gas analysis by SIFT‐MS in the low m/z region is alluded to, and some examples are given of m/z spectral overlaps of the R+M and R+H2O adduct cations with analyte cations of VOCs formed by analysis of complex media like exhaled breath, warning that ghost peaks will be enhanced using nitrogen carrier gas in SIFT‐MS.
Fractional cycle decompositions in hypergraphs
Authors: Joos Felix , Kühn Marcus 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe prove that for any integer and , there is an integer
such that any k‐uniform hypergraph on n vertices with minimum codegree at least has a fractional decomposition into (tight) cycles of length (‐cycles for short) whenever and n is large in terms of . This is essentially tight. This immediately yields also approximate integral decompositions for these hypergraphs into ‐cycles. Moreover, for graphs this even guarantees integral decompositions into ‐cycles and solves a problem posed by Glock, Kühn, and Osthus. For our proof, we introduce a new method for finding a set of ‐cycles such that every edge is contained in roughly the same number of ‐cycles from this set by exploiting that certain Markov chains are rapidly mixing.
Ivermectin accelerates autophagic death of glioma cells by inhibiting glycolysis through blocking GLUT4 mediated JAK/STAT signaling pathway activation
Authors: Feng Yi , Wang Jubo , Cai Bing , Bai Ximin , Zhu Yiru 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the regulatory effect of ivermectin (IVM) on energy metabolism in glioma progression, and provide a reference for the treatment of glioma.MethodsGlioma cells were treated with IVM to measure cell viability, autophagy marker protein expression, ATP content, glucose uptake, pyruvate content, and expression of key enzymes of glycolysis. Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) or siGLUT4 was transfected in IVM treated U87 cells to investigate the effect of GLUT4 on cellular glycolysis and autophagy. The JAK2 inhibitor AZD‐1480 was introduced to explore the specific mechanism by which IVM regulates glycolysis and autophagy. Rat models of glioma xenograft were constructed and treated with 10 mg/kg IVM to observe tumor growth and examine the expression levels of GLUT4 and autophagy marker proteins in tumor tissues.ResultsIVM inhibited glioma cell survival and promoted cell death. IVM promoted LC3‐II protein expression and inhibited p62/SQSTM1 protein expression in glioma cells. IVM decreased adenosine‐triphosphate (ATP) and pyruvate content, promoted glucose uptake, and reduced HK2 and PFK1 protein expression in U87 cells. IVM inhibited GLUT4 protein expression, and overexpression of GLUT4 promoted glycolysis and inhibited autophagic cell death in U87 cells. IVM inhibited glycolysis by blocking GLUT4 mediated the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway activation. IVM inhibited tumor growth in vivo, decreased the protein expression of GLUT4, JAK2, HK2, and PFK1 in tumor tissues, decreased the phosphorylation levels of STAT3/STAT5, and promoted the expression of autophagy marker proteins.ConclusionsIVM accelerates autophagic death of glioma cells by inhibiting glycolysis through blocking GLUT4 mediated JAK/STAT signaling pathway activation.
Critical role for uricase and xanthine dehydrogenase in soybean nitrogen fixation and nodule development
Authors: Nguyen Cuong X. , Dohnalkova Alice , Hancock C. Nathan , Kirk Kendall R. , Stacey Gary , Stacey Minviluz G. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDe novo purine biosynthesis is required for the incorporation of fixed nitrogen in ureide exporting nodules, as formed on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] roots. However, in many cases, the enzymes involved in this pathway have been deduced strictly from genome annotations with little direct genetic evidence, such as mutant studies, to confirm their biochemical function or importance to nodule development. While efforts to develop large mutant collections of soybean are underway, research on this plant is still hampered by the inability to obtain mutations in any specific gene of interest. Using a forward genetic approach, as well as CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing via Agrobacterium rhizogenes‐mediated hairy root transformation, we identified and characterized the role of GmUOX (Uricase) and GmXDH (Xanthine Dehydrogenase) in nitrogen fixation and nodule development in soybean. The gmuox knockout soybean mutants displayed nitrogen deficiency chlorosis and early nodule senescence, as exemplified by the reduced nitrogenase (acetylene reduction) activity in nodules, the internal greenish‐white internal appearance of nodules, and diminished leghemoglobin production. In addition, gmuox1 nodules showed collapsed infected cells with degraded cytoplasm, aggregated bacteroids with no discernable symbiosome membranes, and increased formation of poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate granules. Similarly, knockout gmxdh mutant nodules, generated with the CRISPR/Cas9 system, also exhibited early nodule senescence. These genetic studies confirm the critical role of the de novo purine metabolisms pathway not only in the incorporation of fixed nitrogen but also in the successful development of a functional, nitrogen‐fixing nodule. Furthermore, these studies demonstrate the great utility of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for studying root‐associated gene traits when coupled with hairy root transformation.
Ag2VO2PO4 Nanorods: Synthesis, Characterization, Photoactivity and Antibacterial activity
Authors: Kammara Vaishnavi , Venkataswamy Perala , Angineni Rani , Hima Bindu G. , Velpula Suresh , Rupula Karuna , Vithal M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSilver‐containing materials have been the source of attraction due to their excellent optical and photocatalytic properties. Silver vanadium phosphate, Ag2VO2PO4, (hereafter abbreviated as AVP) in nanorods form was synthesized by hydrothermal method at 220 °C for 24 h and characterized by PXRD, FT‐IR, 31P MAS NMR, SEM‐EDS, TEM‐SAED, N2 adsorption‐desorption, UV‐Vis DRS and XPS techniques. It was crystallized in the monoclinic crystal lattice with space group C2/m and the crystal structure consists of layers of edge‐sharing VO6 octahedra and PO4 tetrahedra. The Ag2VO2PO4 nanorods have shown the photocatalytic property against the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye. The degradation of RhB by AVP after 180 min of visible light irradiation was 45 %. The photocatalytic activity of this material was explained by its visible light absorption, which makes it a promising photocatalyst for use in solar photocatalysis and with a good photocatalytic rate. A mechanism for photodegradation of RhB dye was proposed based on scavenger experiments. It was noticed that .OH radicals are actively participating in the degradation of RhB followed by holes while the role of O2.− radicals is negligible. Antibacterial activity of this material was studied over gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram‐negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria.
Issues Facing the Birth Parents and Their Implications for Open Adoption
Authors: Ward Harriet , Moggach Lynne , Tregeagle Susan , Trivedi Helen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe 210 children in the full cohort came from 142 families. Their birth parents’ circumstances provide a context for evaluating adoption outcomes. The chapter explores data collected from the children’s case files and records presented to the court at the time the order was made. Parents demonstrated a high incidence of factors known to be associated with recurrent child abuse: 31% of mothers had experienced abuse in their own childhoods; 45% were known to statutory child welfare services before their child’s birth, and 29% had already experienced the permanent removal of a child. Almost all parents struggled with complex factors including mental health problems, substance misuse, unstable relationships and domestic abuse that placed their children at risk of harm; for some parents, cognitive impairment was an exacerbating factor. About 10% of birth parents had died, and 23% of mothers and 60% of fathers had already lost contact with children before the adoption placement.
Post-adoption Contact and Relationships with Birth Family Members
Authors: Ward Harriet , Moggach Lynne , Tregeagle Susan , Trivedi Helen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe chapter draws on data collected through responses to an online survey concerning 93 adoptees (44% of the cohort), completed on average 18 years after placement, and interviews focusing on 24 adult adoptees. Face-to-face post-adoption contact was a legal requirement. After placement with adoptive families, 93% of adoptees had contact with birth family members; at follow-up, 56% still saw at least one member of their birth family; 69% of both adoptees and adoptive parents thought contact was ultimately beneficial. There was minimal evidence of contact with birth parents destabilising placements. However, it introduced a ‘painful transparency’ for all parties and could be problematic. Over time, contact supported children’s identity needs by incorporating knowledge of their antecedents and could mitigate their difficulties with attachment, separation and loss. It forced all parties to engage with one another and helped adoptees achieve closure.
Sustainable Corporate Responsibility
Authors: Ditlev-Simonsen Caroline D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this chapter, I begin by reflecting on the origins and historical context of terms related to sustainability and business, including but not limited to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Corporate Citizenship, and so on. I discuss what they mean, their purpose and limitations. I explore different, multilateral initiatives and frameworks pertaining to sustainability, in particular ones adopted by UN member states and how these apply to businesses. The role of corporate involvement and contribution, moving from a reactive to proactive sustainability engagement, is addressed. The responsibility of corporations from a philosophical perspective including key ethical schools of thoughts is also addressed.
Strategy to Approach Sustainability in Companies: A Step by Step Model
Authors: Ditlev-Simonsen Caroline D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis chapter presents a five-step strategy for approaching sustainability in a corporation. It emphasizes the importance of anchoring the approach in top management and integrating it throughout the company; getting an overview of the current situation via mapping social and environmental impact, benchmarking relative to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and a framework for a materiality assessment. The chapter continues on how to develop a sustainability plan, test among key stakeholders, launching, communicating, and implementing the plan, and finally, reporting on progress. This chapter includes practical advice on progress as well as concrete examples based on experience.
Weapons of Mass Destruction—Conceptual and Ethical Issues with Regard to terrorism
Authors: Feltes Jonas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe concept of WMD is part of numerous national laws and is the core of one of the most important treaties of the United Nations (Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons in Convention on the prohibition of the development, production, stockpiling and use of chemical weapons and on their destruction, 1992; United Nation Office of Disarmament Affairs in The convention on the prohibition of the development, production and stockpiling of bacteriological (biological) and toxin weapons and on their destruction, 1975). Yet, the definition of what should be considered a WMD is far from established and subject to controversial debates. Academics, policymakers, and legislators have been introducing a variety of partly conflicting conceptualizations of WMD into scientific debates, public discourse, and legislations over the last eight decades.
“No Cracks, no Blind Spots, no Gaps”: Technologically-Enabled “Preventative” Counterterrorism and Mass Repression in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Clarke Michael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR) of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) is now the site of the largest mass repression of an ethnic and/or religious minority in the world today. Researchers estimate that since 2016 over one million people (mostly ethnic Uyghurs) have been detained without trial in the XUAR in a system of “re-education” camps. Outside of the camps, the region’s Turkic Muslim population are subjected to a dense network of hi-tech surveillance systems, checkpoints, and interpersonal monitoring which severely limit all forms of personal freedom penetrating society to the granular level. This chapter argues that the erection of this “carceral state” has been propelled by a “preventative” counterterrorism that has incorporated key practices (e.g. greater reliance on new surveillance technologies) and discourses (e.g. Islamaphobia) of the “global war on terrorism” with the ideology of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in pursuit of the negation of the very possibility of “terrorism”. As such the contemporary situation in the XUAR represents not only the mass repression of an ethnic and religious minority by an authoritarian regime but also an example of the dystopian potentialities of ostensibly “neutral” technologies.
Theorien und Modelle zur Entstehung von Aufmerksamkeit in der Wissenschaft
Authors: Gravert Andreas 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDieses Kapitel folgt der Frage, welche Ansätze zur Erklärung der Entstehung von Aufmerksamkeit in der Wissenschaft bereits existieren. In den Blick geraten dabei insbesondere Makro-Beschreibungen und -Erklärungen für das Aufkommen und Abklingen der fachgemeinschaftlichen Beschäftigung mit bestimmten Theorien, Methoden, Schulen oder wissenschaftlichen Modeerscheinungen. Hierfür werden vier Theoriestränge voneinander abgegrenzt, erläutert und auf Schnittmengen mit der Fragestellung dieser Arbeit geprüft: Zunächst wird mit dem „Paradigmenwechsel“ nach Kuhn eine der bis heute einflussreichsten wissenschaftssoziologischen Theorien zur Erklärung wissenschaftlicher Transformationen dargelegt. Eine wesentliche Grundlage Kuhns stellen Flecks „Denkkollektive“ dar, in deren Tradition Theorien zur Entstehung „Epistemischer Gemeinschaften“ zu sehen sind. Mit „theory groups“ und „invisible colleges“ werden zwei auf den Lehrstuhl von De Solla Price zurückgehende Theorien zur Diffusion wissenschaftlicher Schulen vorgestellt. Schließlich werden die normativen Diskussionen unterschiedlichster Fachrichtungen zu „Modeerscheinungen“ oder „fashions“ in der Wissenschaft gesammelt und in einen Zusammenhang gebracht.