bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genericity of historic behavior for maps and flows
Authors: Carvalho Maria , Varandas Paulo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We establish a sufficient condition for a continuous map, acting on a compact metric space, to have a Baire residual set of points exhibiting historic behavior (also known as irregular points). This criterion applies, for instance, to a minimal and non-uniquely ergodic map; to maps preserving two distinct probability measures with full support; to non-trivial homoclinic classes; to some non-uniformly expanding maps; and to partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms with two periodic points whose stable manifolds are dense, including Mañé and Shub examples of robustly transitive non-hyperbolic diffeomorphisms. This way, our unifying approach recovers a collection of known deep theorems on the genericity of the irregular set, for both additive and sub-additive potentials, and also provides a number of new applications.
Possible high-T
C superconductivity at 50 GPa in sodium hydride with clathrate structure
Authors: Chen Chin-Hsuan , Huang Angus , Tsuei C C , Jeng Horng-Tay 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Ambient-pressure room-temperature superconductivity is one ultimate goal of science, for it will bring worldwide revolutionary changes in all kinds of technology. Several room temperature and near room temperature hydride superconductors at ultra high pressure (≳100 GPa) have been predicted theoretically. In particular, the hydrogen sulfide (H3S) with T
C ≃ 203 K at 200 GPa has soon been confirmed experimentally, establishing a milestone toward room temperature superconductivity. However, high-T
C superconductors at lower pressure (≲100 GPa) have not been reported before. In this work, we present high-T
C superconductivity of 180 K at a relatively low pressure of 50 GPa in sodium hydride clathrate structure NaH6. The T
C can be raised up to 206 K at 100 GPa, similar to the T
C of H3S but at a much lower pressure. At 200 GPa, it reaches the highest T
C of 210 K, slightly higher than that of H3S. The strong electron–phonon coupling strength given by the T
2g
phonon mode at Γ point plays the key role in superconductivity. Our work demonstrates theoretically that hydrides could stabilize at a relatively low pressure and host high-T
C superconductivity.
Damage and contour quality in rock excavations for quarrying and tunnelling: assessment for properties and solutions for stability
Authors: Costamagna E , Oggeri C , Vinai R 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Excavations in rock masses determine the creation of temporary or final exposed surfaces. Features of these surfaces are depending on both geostructural pattern of the rock mass and adopted excavation method: among the others, roughness, quality of the contour and induced damage inside the rock left in place. These aspects are important as they are requirements expected during the excavation and construction procedures, such those involving dam sidewalls, quarry benches, tunnel profile, slope scaling.
This methodological paper describes a list of the possible cases, with a particular emphasis on quarrying and tunneling. By following current modes for profile surveying, the damages are reported, in order to obtain suitable indices for induced damage. Finally the proper techniques for excavation are commented on the basis of real case histories of tunnels and quarries in order to reach the primary objectives of damage reduction and stability/productivity goals.
Calculation formula in determining recycling of disposable diapers waste as concrete composite materials
Authors: Zuraida S , Dewancker B J , Margono R B 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Disposable diaper waste is a crucial environmental problem today. Population growth is one of the triggers for increasing this type of waste. To overcome this, various studies on recycling diaper waste are a top priority. Some researchers recycle diaper waste as building components, especially concrete. The results of those studies have a positive impact on waste recycling innovation. In this paper, we will try to approach the formula for calculating the recycling of diapers as concrete. In addition, a simple simulation is used to determine the capacity of diaper waste that can be recycled as building material. The study revealed that parameters to calculate waste capacity for disposable diapers is age population of 0-4 years, frequency of changing diaper and mass of diaper. Thus, parameters to be considered for replacement of concrete component by waste materials, especially disposable diapers is density of materials, mass of materials and percentage of replacement Based on the calculation simulation results, the use of diaper waste as a concrete material for road pavement is better to reduce waste production capacity than for building components.
Model prediction and scenario of urban land use and land cover changes for sustainable spatial planning in Lhokseumawe, Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Achmad A , Fadhly N , Deli A , Ramli I , Hadi R 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to find the best-fit scenario to support spatial planning, which can optimize the ecological function of urban areas. This study was conducted in Lhokseumawe city, a city which is the center of national activities. The city is also known as an industrial city and special economic zone. Prediction of future growth for this city needs to be done to anticipate the environmental damage that will occur. This prediction uses 2018 land use/cover (LUC) map, to get a prediction of the LUC pattern until 2032. The first stage is to create a raster map for the four variables reviewed in this research, namely a) distance to activity center (DAC), b) distance to road (DRD), c) distance to river (DRV), and d) reserve area (RAR) which are made in the form of a raster layer. The next stage is a scenario model simulation. There are two prediction scenarios assessed in this research to choose the best-fit scenario for 2032, business as usual (BAU) and reserve area interest (RAI). The results showed that the scenario should be chosen is the (RAI) scenario.
Façade design modification in complying the Indonesia’s national standard of energy conservation for tall building envelope – Case study: Green Office Park 9, Serpong, Indonesia
Authors: Hajji A M , Hilmi A R. Z. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Most tall buildings use glass as its façade and exterior materials, which makes the building’s envelope is exposed to heat penetration. It is important to select and design the proportion between transparent and opaque materials for building façade to reduce the heat gain from outside, which is strategic to conserve the energy use for tall buildings. This study is aimed to observe the use of building façade materials in accordance with the strategic effort to reduce the heat gain in order to conserve the energy for AC system. The façade design modification is calculated by using Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV) method in compliance with the Indonesia’s National Standard of Energy Conservation for Tall Buildings. The results show that the modification on façade design can reduce the heat gain and improve thermal performance of the building. There is a dramatic change of OTTV from 124.40 w/m2 on original design to 27.73 w/m2 after several steps of façade modification. The biggest reductions of OTTV is obtained when modifications on openings are applied. Since the heat transmission is mainly coming into buildings through openings, modifications on glass and windows are the keys. The change of glass material, from clear-glass to those with lower shading coefficient (SC) gives reduction of 37.52 w/m2.
The effect of forest area change in tropical islands towards baseflow and streamflow
Authors: Khomsiati N L , Suryoputro N , Yulistyorini A , Idfi G , Alias N E B 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Baseflow is a very important component in maintaining river flow. Baseflow is generated from groundwater flow. Baseflow is very important role in water conservation. Indonesia is located in a tropical climate. Based on the Koppen climate classification, Indonesia is included in the tropical rainforest climate (type Af), so that the characteristics of the climate, soil, flora and fauna are unique. About 70% of Indonesia’s territory consists of water. Baseflow in the tropical island region has a unique characteristic. This research aimed to obtain the knowledge on the effect of forest area change in tropical islands towards the characteristics of baseflow and streamflow that involved RDF filter parameter calibration, baseflow contribution towards streamflow based on the Baseflow Index (BFI) and Q90 on Q50 ratio, rain contribution on the total baseflow, baseflow stream domination, and discharge stability of streamflow. This research was conducted in three sub watersheds with forest area percentage of ±18% Bango Sub watershed, ±23% Brantas Hulu Sub watershed, and ±59% Cobanrondo Sub watershed. The results showed that One Parameter Algorhitm method satisfied the application of baseflow separation. There was a positive correlation between rain and baseflow. Baseflow dominated the streamflow in the research location. The greater the forest area, the more stable the flow condition from year to year.
Life cycle analysis of Guanxi freeway pavement maintenance interval
Authors: Paramitha P A , Chen Shih-Huang , Dewi C P 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) is widely used as an environmental impact over the full life cycle of a system. This paper incorporates LCA including impacts that occur throughout the construction, operation, and, maintenance of pavement. The historical freeway database was collected to analyze the pavement life cycle responsible for substantial energy and resource consumption. The analysis was done for Guanxi section as part of Taiwan National Freeway no.3 to compare a long-cycled and short-cycle maintenances. Calibrated HDM-4 and GaBi used to simulate total life cycle conditions. Road network, climate, vehicle fleet, and traffic data were collected and analyzed. Two aspects including Pavement Condition Index (PCI) and International Roughness Index (IRI) were considered for the simulations. The result shows that short-cycle is more acceptable for maintenance in Guanxi section. Environmental analysis by Global Warming Potential (GWP) shows that short-cycle maintenance contributed the smallest GWP with 0.02% up to 0.67% lower than another maintenance type. However, Taiwan focus on increase the level of service of the freeway by setting the minimum IRI value 1.7 m/km. Likewise, this study validates that recent maintenance use in Guanxi section is better than the previous long-cycle, while reduce the maintenance frequency to 1.5 years’ might could increase the effectivity of short-cycle maintenance.
Electronic properties and degradation upon VUV irradiation of sodium chloride on Ag(111) studied by photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Haibo , Oehzelt Martin , Winkler Stefanie , Ovsyannikov Ruslan , Koch Norbert , Amsalem Patrick 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The growth as well as vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation-induced degradation of sodium chloride (NaCl) on Ag(111) is investigated by ultraviolet and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In line with previous scanning tunneling microscopy studies, our results confirm that NaCl grows initially as a bilayer before island growth starts. Simple spectroscopic methods for calibrating the closure of the NaCl bilayer are further presented. In addition, the energy level alignment is studied as a function of NaCl film thickness and VUV-light intensity. When measuring with ultra-low photon flux, a sharp interface dipole lowers the sample work function by 0.65 eV upon adsorption of the first bilayer, which is followed by vacuum level alignment for subsequently deposited layers. In contrast, measurements performed with standard photon fluxes, such as those provided by commercial He discharge lamps, shows ‘downward band-bending’-like characteristics in the NaCl films. Upon extended exposure time to the standard VUV intensity, photoemission measurements further reveal that strong modifications of the electronic properties of the NaCl surface occur. These are likely correlated with halogen emission, eventually resulting in the formation of Na clusters promoting low work function of parts of the sample surface. This study provides general guidelines for obtaining reliable spectroscopic measurements on alkali halide thin films on metals.
Pharmacotherapy review: Emerging treatment modalities in transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis
Authors: Plumadore Emily , Lombardo Lindsay , Cabral Katherine P 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Purpose
This review aims to summarize the evidence and pharmacological characteristics of treatment options for transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM). Additionally, this review highlights the role of clinical pharmacists in helping to secure newly introduced therapies.

Summary
ATTR-CM, a disease characterized by misfolded protein that is deposited in the myocardium and disrupts cardiac functioning, has historically been underdiagnosed due to the need for invasive biopsy and an illusion of rarity. Once diagnosed, limited treatment modalities for ATTR-CM have led providers to rely on nonpharmacological remedies or off-label use of medications with limited evidence of benefit. However, recent noninvasive diagnostic advancements and heightened disease state awareness have revealed increased prevalence of ATTR-CM. This has led to the introduction of several first-in-class pharmaceuticals with actions targeted at inhibiting the various phases of amyloidosis: TTR stabilizers include diflunisal and Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved tafamidis; TTR silencers include patisiran and inotersen; fibril disrupters include doxycycline with tauroursodeoxycholic acid; and alternative agents include green tea extract and curcumin.

Conclusion
ATTR-CM treatments have emerged and, despite current limited data, are continuing to evolve. Tafamidis, the only agent approved by FDA for ATTR-CM, shows promise to improve survival and quality of life in patients with ATTR-CM. Pharmacists can play a key role in assisting with agent selection for this disease state, as well as providing knowledge about current and future clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of the available treatment modalities.
Irregular Autonomic Modulation Predicts Risky Drinking and Altered Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Response to Stress in Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Hwang Seungju , Martins Jorge S , Douglas Ryan J , Choi Justin J , Sinha Rajita , Seo Dongju 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aims
Autonomic dysfunction has been associated with risky drinking and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Although autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity has been attributed to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VmPFC)-limbic-striatal regions, the specific role of ANS disruption in AUD and its association with these regions remain unclear. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and concurrent electrocardiogram (ECG), the current study examined neural correlates of ANS activity in AUD and its role in AUD pathology.

Methods
Demographically matched 20 AUD patients and 20 social drinkers (SD) completed an fMRI task involving repeated exposure to stress, alcohol-cue and neutral-relaxing images in a block design. Based on the known VmPFC-limbic-striatal functions involved in emotions, reward and the ANS, we performed a regions of interest (ROI) analysis to examine the associations between ANS activity and neural responses in the VmPFC, amygdala, and ventral striatum.

Results
Across conditions, AUD patients showed significantly higher levels of overall heart rate (HR) and approximate entropy (ApEn) compared to SD (Ps &lt; 0.05). In all participants, increased HR was associated with greater drinking volume (P &lt; 0.05). In addition, higher ApEn levels were associated with greater drinking volume (P &lt; 0.05) and decreased right VmPFC response to stress (P &lt; 0.05).

Discussion
Our findings demonstrate ANS disruption in AUD indexed by high overall HR and ApEn. The association between ApEn and rVmPFC response suggests that ApEn may play a role in modulating drinking via interactions with neural regions of emotion regulation. These findings provide insight into patterns of ANS disruption and their relevance to AUD pathology.
Genome-wide association study dissects the genetic control of plant height and branch number in response to low-phosphorus stress in Brassica napus
Authors: Liu Haijiang , Wang Jingchi , Zhang Bingbing , Yang Xinyu , Hammond John P , Ding Guangda , Wang Sheliang , Cai Hongmei , Wang Chuang , Xu Fangsen , Shi Lei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is one of the most important oil crops worldwide. Phosphorus (P) deficiency severely decreases the plant height and branch number of B. napus. However, the genetic bases controlling plant height and branch number in B. napus under P deficiency remain largely unknown. This study aims to mine candidate genes for plant height and branch number by genome-wide association study (GWAS) and determine low-P-tolerance haplotypes.

Methods
An association panel of B. napus was grown in the field with a low P supply (P, 0 kg ha−1) and a sufficient P supply (P, 40 kg ha−1) across 2 years and plant height and branch number were investigated. More than five million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to conduct GWAS of plant height and branch number at two contrasting P supplies.

Key Results
A total of 2127 SNPs were strongly associated (P &lt; 6·25 × 10−07) with plant height and branch number at two P supplies. There was significant correlation between phenotypic variation and the number of favourable alleles of associated loci on chromosomes A10 (chrA10_821671) and C08 (chrC08_27999846), which will contribute to breeding improvement by aggregating these SNPs. BnaA10g09290D and BnaC08g26640D were identified to be associated with chrA10_821671 and chrC08_27999846, respectively. Candidate gene association analysis and haplotype analysis showed that the inbred lines carrying ATT at BnaA10g09290Hap1 and AAT at BnaC08g26640Hap1 had greater plant height than lines carrying other haplotype alleles at low P supply.

Conclusion
Our results demonstrate the power of GWAS in identifying genes of interest in B. napus and provided insights into the genetic basis of plant height and branch number at low P supply in B. napus. Candidate genes and favourable haplotypes may facilitate marker-based breeding efforts aimed at improving P use efficiency in B. napus.
The Anticipatory and Task-Driven Nature of Visual Perception
Authors: Uithol Sebo , Bryant Katherine L , Toni Ivan , Mars Rogier B 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Humans have a remarkable capacity to arrange and rearrange perceptual input according to different categorizations. This begs the question whether the categorization is exclusively a higher visual or amodal process, or whether categorization processes influence early visual areas as well. To investigate this we scanned healthy participants in a magnetic resonance imaging scanner during a conceptual decision task in which participants had to answer questions about upcoming images of animals. Early visual cortices (V1 and V2) contained information about the current visual input, about the granularity of the forthcoming categorical decision, as well as perceptual expectations about the upcoming visual stimulus. The middle temporal gyrus, the anterior temporal lobe, and the inferior frontal gyrus were also involved in the categorization process, constituting an attention and control network that modulates perceptual processing. These findings provide further evidence that early visual processes are driven by conceptual expectations and task demands.
Cefiderocol: A New Cephalosporin Stratagem Against Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria
Authors: Ong’uti Sharon , Czech Mary , Robilotti Elizabeth , Holubar Marisa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCefiderocol is a novel injectable siderophore cephalosporin that hijacks the bacterial iron transport machinery to facilitate cell entry and achieve high periplasmic concentrations. It has broad in vitro activity against gram-negative bacteria, including multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms such as carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii. It was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections and nosocomial pneumonia based on clinical trials that demonstrated noninferiority to comparators. In this review, we summarize the available in vitro and clinical data, including recent evidence from 2 phase 3 clinical trials (APEKS-NP and CREDIBLE-CR), and discuss the place of cefiderocol in the clinician’s armamentarium against MDR gram-negative infections.
Higher ambient nitrogen dioxide is associated with an elevated risk of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury
Authors: He Pinghong , Chen Ruixuan , Zhou Liping , Li Yanqin , Su Licong , Dong Jin , Zha Yan , Lin Yuxin , Nie Sheng , Hou Fan Fan , Xu Xin 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundPrevious studies have suggested that long-term exposure to air pollution increases the risk of chronic kidney disease and its progression. However, the effect of air pollution on the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) has not been studied. We aim to evaluate the transient effect of air pollution on the risk of hospital-acquired AKI (HA-AKI).MethodsWe selected from the Epidemiology of AKI in Chinese Hospitalized patients cohort AKI cases in which the onset date could be unambiguously determined. We obtained city-specific daily averages of the ambient level of particulate matter (2.5 μm and 10 μm), carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and ozone (O3) from the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China. We used the time-stratified case-crossover approach to examine the association between the ambient level of air pollutants and the risk of HA-AKI in the selected cases.ResultsA total of 11 293 AKI cases that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. In univariable analysis, the ambient levels of NO2 and SO2 were significantly associated with the risk of HA-AKI. In the multivariable analysis that incorporated all six pollutants in the same model, NO2 was the sole pollutant whose level remained associated with the risk of AKI (P &lt; 0.001). The relationship between the level of NO2 and the risk of HA-AKI appeared to be linear, with an estimated odds ratio of 1.063 (95% confidence interval 1.026–1.101) for each increment of 1 median absolute deviation in the exposure. The association was consistent across the subgroups stratified by age, gender, baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate, AKI severity, need for intensive care and season.ConclusionsHigher ambient levels of NO2 are associated with an increased risk of HA-AKI in hospitalized adults in China.