bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Para um estudo da formação do português brasileiro: descrição, representatividade e potencialidades do corpus colonial do CE-DOHS
Authors: Cardoso Lara Da Silva , Carneiro Zenaide De Oliveira Novais , Lacerda Mariana Fagundes de Oliveira 
Published: September 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar o corpus colonial formado pelo CE-DOHS (Corpus Eletrônico de Documentos Históricos do Sertão). O CE-DOHS, ao longo de sete anos (2012-2018), elaborou um corpus diacrônico dos séculos XIX e XX, oferecendo dados em formato eletrônico para o estudo linguístico do português brasileiro (PB). A partir do corpus colonial, o CE-DOHS busca oferecer aos pesquisadores da história do Português Brasileiro um pequeno conjunto de textos representativos do cenário multilíngue e multiétnico do Brasil Colônia, mais especificamente dos séculos XVII e XVIII que, somado aos outros corpora, oferece, em um único banco, quatro séculos de dados linguísticos do português em solo brasileiro. O corpus em questão contém 151 documentos, escritos por 16 escreventes, todos nascidos no Brasil, e possui mais de dez gêneros textuais diferentes, que foram agrupados em pequenos acervos, conforme as etnias dos escreventes e os possíveis processos de aquisição da língua portuguesa. O objetivo da constituição do corpus é investigar a difusão do português na América e a dinâmica dessa língua no processo de surgimento do PB. Neste trabalho, serão enfatizadas: as estratégias para o encontro dos manuscritos, uma vez que a delimitação temporal estabelecida para o corpus é, ainda, obscura dentro dos estudos sobre o PB; a representatividade dos manuscritos, mostrando que, apesar de em pequena quantidade, são significativos; as potencialidades do material organizado, indicando alguns dos possíveis trabalhos linguísticos possíveis de serem realizados, explorando o corpus em diferentes áreas e/ou constituindo corpora maiores, capazes de fornecer mais dados sócio-históricos e linguísticos.
Developing a model for reducing maternal mortality in South Africa
Authors: Mmusi-Phetoe Rose Maureen Makapi , Masaba Brian Barasa 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective
High maternal mortality ratios (MMRs) remain a concern in many parts of the world, especially in developing countries like South Africa. Different models have been developed, tried, and tested worldwide, in the hope that they will reduce maternal mortality, but without much success.

Methods
A qualitative approach was used to conveniently select a sample of 10 women attending an antenatal clinic in a rural area, in one of the districts of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) Province. Data were collected by means of interviews with the women. Data were analyzed employing Burnard's content analysis approach.

Results
Four themes emerged: (1) age at first pregnancy; (2) birth intervals, risks in pregnancy and hospitalization; (3) the use of contraception; and (4) HIV status. All themes that emerged revealed inattention to reproductive health (RH) needs, resulting in poor RH outcomes as an area of concern.

Conclusions
Greater emphasis needs to be placed on meeting the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs of South African women, if maternal mortality rates are to be reduced. An alternative model for reducing maternal mortality in South Africa is proposed.
Omnipotent, omniscient and omnipresent commanders: The impact of a cultural paradigm derived from a secularised Christianity on the philosophy of infocentric warfare
Authors: Grivas Konstantinos 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This article examines how a religious cultural paradigm deriving from the Humanism of the West affects the modern art and science of War. It was in the framework of a religified Humanism, in which man ‘stole’ God’s capabilities and properties, that the worldview of man-god was created. This worldview permeated the development of military strategy, thereby facilitating its transformation in the worldview of a commander-god; this is the same worldview which today threatens to reach extremes, assisted by technological evolution allowing the development of robust C4ISR networks
Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance. The acronym today is C5ISR, with the addition of Combat Systems.
interconnected with precision guided munitions (PGMs) of various configurations. The article then examines the influence of Western intellectualism, which is a basic element of Western Christianity, over the development of modern theories and perceptions on military strategy and the risks that can arise for future Western armies from this impact. As an antidote to this influence, the article suggests a new perception on military strategy which emphasises adaptability and flexibility and is based on a cultural paradigm from the Orthodox Christian Faith.
The Imperial Japanese Navy and the battle of the Philippine Sea: An analysis of the main causes of defeat
Authors: Yagi Yuki 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This article aims to demonstrate through mathematical analysis that the primary reason for the defeat of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) in the battle of the Philippine Sea during World War II (WWII) was quantitative, and that the defeat is particularly attributable to the lack of force concentration. Scholars have placed much emphasis on the qualitative aspects of the forces involved, such as the skill of IJN pilots or the air defence capabilities of the United States Navy (USN), in seeking to explain the Japanese defeat. We, however, assert that in this naval battle, quantitative factors played a more important role than qualitative ones. Accordingly, we offer an improved version of the mathematical model of Armstrong and Powell, which was previously used to analyse battles between aircraft carriers (CVs). The coefficients in our mathematical model will then be estimated and verified using historical data from the main battles between CVs of the IJN and USN during WWII. Finally, we will analyse the factors underlying the IJN’s defeat in the Battle of the Philippine Sea using the model. This study proposes a useful technique for evaluating quantitative and qualitative aspects of naval forces.
Sudden Shift to Distance Learning: Analysis of the Didactic Choices Made by Italian Secondary School Teachers in the First COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Garavaglia Andrea , Petti Livia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Following China, the next severely affected country due to the COVID-19 epidemic was Italy. In consideration of the increasing number of infections, the government via the Ministerial Decree (DPCM) of March 2020 established various restrictive measures for the entire Italian territory, even involving the closure of schools. Hence, for the first time, the Italian school system had to adopt distance learning.
The mixed methods research in this context involves a non-probabilistic sample of 6,384 secondary school teachers answering a questionnaire issued from 5 August to 1 September 2020, and 30 telephone interviews were conducted among those who had made themselves available during the compilation of the questionnaire to be contacted for the qualitative part of the research.
Therefore, the answers collected in the report1 relay what happened in the second quarter of the school year from 2019 to 2020, the period of the first lockdown in Italy, through which we try to particularly understand the didactic activities implemented by teachers, the main decision maker of the choices, the assessment methods, the autonomy of teachers in managing distance learning and the teachers’ training needs.
Berlin Congress 1878 Through the Eyes of Phanariot Alexander Karateodori Pashi
Authors: Mihneva R. , Kolev V. 
Published: September 2021

The article contributes to the historical literature on the Berlin Congress; it shows the events of the summer of 1878 through the eyes of the diplomats of the defeated Otto man Empire. The primary source for the article is the “Rapport” by the head of the Turkish delegation to the Сongress, Alexander Karathéodori Pasha (1833–1906), a Phanariote with Greek and Bulgarian roots, the son of the personal physician of Sultan Mahmud II and the first Ottoman lawyer. He graduated from the Sorbonne law faculty with a doctorate in law. Until recently, Turkish historians wrote about him more as a diplomat. However, in recent years, they started to pay attention to his extraordinary fate, the history of his family, in which there were many famous Phanariots. “Rapport” only in recent years began to attract the at tention of historians. The history of its creation is still unclear. It contains fascinating details of the relationship between representatives of a collective Europe at that time, the nature of their interests, and factors that outlined the fate of the Balkan region for decades to come. The report was written by Ottoman dignitaries when the Balkans finally became a “border area.” Its author noticed how the “big players” ’s geopolitical contradictions pushed the local people’s historical evolution along the “path” of future cataclysms. Alexander Karathéodori Pasha conveys, through seemingly minor details, the discord between the representatives of the “collective West” “and their desire to stop the attempts of the Ottoman Empire to follow the European paradigm of development. Against the background of the events in Berlin, Karathéodori eased the participants’ desires to start the quickest part of the “Ottoman inheritance” and drew attention to the beginning process of restructuring of international relations. He viewed the Berlin Congress analytically and realized its long-term implications.
The Role of Leaders in Formulation of the Foreign Policy Identity in Egypt
Authors: Ibragimov I. E. 
Published: September 2021

The features of the formation of the of the state explains the high level of interest in this scientific problem in the modern theory of international relations. The study of for eign policy identity is capable of providing an understanding of the policy-making activity of the state and its positioning in the international arena. The process of forming a foreign policy identity linked to both objective and subjective factors. The objective factors should be classified as geographical, historical, cultural and religious, the key subjective factors can be considered the role of a leader. This factor is standard for Middle Eastern states, especially for Egypt, where there are traditions of strong centralized powers. Egyptian leaders have supreme power in foreign policy decisions within the framework of the political system. Egypt's foreign policy is often determined by the personal character traits of the country's leaders. This article aims to study the role of the head of the Egypt in the search for foreign policy identity in the context of an identity crisis at the national level. Egypt has a long history of authoritarian rule, because it is impossible to separate national identity from foreign policy identity. Since its independent existence, each period with its own context established a different framework of identity and worldview for decision-makers in the field of Egypt`s foreign policy. The predominance of various elements in ideological as well as worldview in the age of the rule of a particular president has led to noticeable differences in Egypt's foreign policy at the current stage. This article attempts to answer the following research questions: What place does of the institute of the heads of State in foreign policy decisions? How leader's influence does determine the foreign policy role of the state? What changes in foreign policy priorities have taken place during the analysis period? What are the reasons for the differences between the main periods of Egypt's foreign policy in goals, tools and approaches to the outside world? The author comes to the conclusion that the change of the political leader plays an important role in the transformations of Egypt's foreign policy. The article analyzes the main trends in the foreign policy self-perception of Egypt in order to confirm the hypothesis that the foreign policy identity of Egypt had not evolved a discontinuity even in the conditions of dramatic events, whether it is the Arab-Israeli conflict, the Peace treaty with Israel or the events of the Arab Spring.
Poor Reporting of Exercise Interventions for Hamstring Strain Injury Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review of Reporting Quality and Content in Contemporary Applied Research
Authors: Breed Ray , Opar David , Timmins Ryan , Maniar Nirav , Banyard Harry , Hickey Jack 
Published: September 2021

Objective To review the quality of reporting and identify the content of exercise interventions prescribed for hamstring strain injury (HSI) rehabilitation in the scientific literature from 2010 to 2020. Design Scoping review. Literature Search We searched the bibliometric databases Web of Science, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and Embase. Study Selection Criteria Original research articles (randomized controlled trials and cohort studies) published from 2010 to 2020 that described an exercise rehabilitation intervention for participants with acute HSIs were included. Injuries must have been confirmed within 7 days of occurrence via clinical assessment and/or diagnostic imaging. Data Synthesis The quality of reporting, in terms of completeness of exercise intervention description, was evaluated using the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT), and the content of interventions was categorized into exercise types. Results Fourteen studies were included; exercise intervention quality of reporting was moderate in 3 studies and low in 11 studies. Using the 19-item CERT, an average of 8.8 items (range, 4–14) were reported across all studies. Two studies reported sufficient exercise content and progression information to allow replication. Exercises categorized as hamstring flexibility, hamstring strength, running related, and non–hamstring specific were prescribed in 13, 11, 10, and 10 studies, respectively. Half of the included studies incorporated all 4 exercise types in their exercise interventions. Conclusion There is a wide variety of exercise interventions applied in published research that has addressed HSI rehabilitation. Researchers must improve reporting quality to support other professionals in replicating exercise interventions and help practitioners to effectively implement research in practice. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2022;52(3):130–141. Epub 21 Sep 2021. doi:10.2519/jospt.2022.10641
Point of care ultrasound in acutely breathless patients-A qualitative study of the enablers and challenges in a teaching hospital in Kenya
Authors: Kagima Jacqueline Wanjiku , Masheti Sheila Ayesa , Mbaiyani Collins Wamunye , Munubi Aziz Zeyazi , Ringwald Beate , Meme Hellen Karimi , Joekes Elizabeth , Welters Ingeborg , Morton Ben , Rylance Jamie 
Published: September 2021

Objectives:
Acute breathlessness is a common and distressing symptom experienced by patients presenting to the emergency department (ED). Adoption of clinician-performed bedside ultrasound could promote accurate, early diagnosis and treatment to acutely breathless patients. This may be particularly pertinent in low resource settings with limited human resources and lack of access to advanced (gold standard) diagnostic testing. The aim of the study was to explore the experience of point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) users in the emergency department, and to understand the facilitators and constraints of PoCUS incorporation into patient investigation pathways.

Materials and Methods:
This was an exploratory qualitative study. Data collection entailed key informant interviews using a semi-structured interview guide between September 2019 and February 2020. Participants were purposively sampled according to role and responsibility in the acute care system at Kenyatta National Hospital, including front-line health practitioners and mid-level clinical hospital managers. Data collection proceeded until no new concepts emerged (thematic saturation). The analytical framework method was used for the thematic analysis of interview transcripts.

Results:
At individual level, the lack of training on the use of PoCUS, as well as fears and beliefs impacted on capability and motivation of the clinicians to perform PoCUS for clinical diagnosis. Hospital level influencers such as hospital norms, workloads, and staffing influenced the use of PoCUS by impacting on the clinician’s capability, motivation, and opportunity. General health system influencers such as relationships and power dynamics between clinical specialties and key stakeholders, and the lack of policy and practice guidelines challenged the uptake of the bedside ultrasound by the clinicians.

Conclusion:
Lack of PoCUS training for clinicians, limited resources and a fragmented health system structure impacted the clinician’s capability, motivation, and opportunity in performing PoCUS in diagnostics. PoCUS for diagnosis of acute breathlessness requires: (1) Well-maintained and accessible equipment; (2) highly trained individuals with time to perform the examination with access to ongoing support for the operators; and (3) finally, researchers must more accurately identify the optimal scope of ultrasound examination, the diagnostic benefits, and the opportunity costs. All three will be required to ensure patient’s benefit.
Comparative study of the behavior of the effective boundary of minimal risk portfolio in the conditions of hybrid uncertainty, depending on the restrictions on the profitability of the portfolio
Authors: Язенин Александр Васильевич , Солдатенко Илья Сергеевич 
Published: September 2021

В работе проведены исследования эффективной границы портфеля минимального риска в условиях гибридной неопределенности. Для случая двумерного портфеля при ограничении на ожидаемую доходность портфеля и ограничении по возможности/необходимости и вероятности на доходность портфеля в зависимости от уровня вероятности построены квазиэффективные границы портфеля. Результаты численных экспериментов согласуются с ранее полученными авторами теоретическими результатами.
The paper studies the effective boundary of the minimum risk portfolio in the conditions of hybrid uncertainty. For the case of a two-dimensional portfolio, with a restriction on the expected return of the portfolio and a restriction on possibility/necessity and probability on the return of the portfolio, quasi-effective portfolio boundaries are constructed depending on the probability level. The results of numerical experiments are consistent with the theoretical results previously obtained by the authors.
Nonlinear distortion compensation method for locating maneuvering targets
Authors: Василенко Станислав Иванович , Кудряшов Максим Юрьевич 
Published: September 2021

В работе предложен метод решения проблемы в области обработки радиолокационных сигналов с линейной частотной модуляцией (ЛЧМ), обеспечивающий компенсацию нелинейных изменений радиальной скорости локационного объекта (ЛО) при его маневрировании. Метод основан на компенсации искажений радиолокационных сигналов, отраженных от ЛО, вызванных нелинейным характером изменения радиальной скорости при маневрировании в предположении линейного изменения скорости за время когерентного накопления (КН). Приведены результаты моделирования обработки сигналов с реализованным методом компенсации.
A method for solving the problem in the field of radar signal processing with linear frequency modulation is proposed. The method provides compensation for nonlinear changes in the radial velocity of a aircraft during its maneuvering. The method is based on the compensation of reflected pulses distortions caused by the nonlinear nature of the change in radial velocity of a aircraft during its maneuvering. It is assumed that during the time of doppler process the radial velocity changes linearly. The results of signal processing simulation with the implemented method are presented.
On theory of finite subsets monoid for one torsion abelian group
Authors: Дудаков Сергей Михайлович 
Published: September 2021

Ранее был доказан следующий результат:
если абелева группа $\gG$ не является группой кручения,
то теория моноида ее конечных подмножеств позволяет интерпретировать
элементарную арифметику.
В настоящей работе мы приводим пример, который показывает,
что аналогичный результат можно получить и, по крайней мере, для некоторых
групп кручения.
Earlier it was proved the following claim.
Let $\gG$ be a non-torsion abelian group and $\gG$ be the semigroup of finite subsets of $\gG$.
Then elementary arithmetic can be interpreted in $\gG^*$, so the theory of $\gG^*$ is undecidable.
Here we prove the same result for one torsion group, the multiplicative group
of all roots of unity.
Features of designing underwater crossings of main pipelines under the conditions of riverbed and floodplain multi-branchness
Authors: Католиков Виктор Михайлович , Казиакбаров Дмитрий Борисович , Мальцев Андрей Андреевич , Власова Анна Олеговна 
Published: September 2021

Многолетняя практика применения регламентных норм учета русловых процессов и механизма транспорта донных руслоформирующих наносов подтверждает надежность принятых расчетов для проектирования и строительства подводных переходов магистральных трубопроводов (ППМТ) через большинство средних и крупных рек России. Но для рек, «перегруженных» донными наносами, традиционные расчетные методики параметров подводной траншеи трубопровода с учетом заносимости оказываются недостаточными и требуют дополнительных решений. Данная проблема была выявлена при строительстве основной и резервной ниток ППМТ ВСТО-2 через реку Амур и обусловлена гидроморфологическими особенностями, спецификой водного режима и значительным расходом донных наносов, характерными для этого водного объекта. В настоящей статье представлена усовершенствованная технология разработки траншеи ППМТ путем создания так называемых ложных траншей на участках с максимальными удельными расходами донных наносов. На примере строительства ППМТ ВСТО-2 (резервная нитка через реку Амур) рассмотрены сложности проектирования и строительства трубопровода при значительных объемах транспорта донных наносов, проанализированы риски строительства в данных условиях, описаны планирование и реализация технического решения по созданию ложных траншей для перехвата донных наносов.
The long-term practice of regulatory standards for recoding of river bed evolutions and the transport mechanism of bottom riverbed-building sediments proves reliability of the adopted calculations for design and construction of underwater crossings of main pipelines through majority of medium and large rivers of Russia. However, in respect of the rivers which are «overloaded» with bottom sediments, the conventional calculation methods of parameters of the underwater pipeline trench, considering sediment accumulation, are insufficient and require additional solutions. This problem was identified during construction of the underwater crossing of the ESPO-II pipeline system across the Amur River and is associated with hydromorphological features, specifics of the water regime and significant flow rate of bottom sediments typical for this water body. This article presents an improved technology for developing an underwater trench by establishment of so-called false trenches in the areas with maximum specific flowrate of bottom sediment. Based on the example of construction of the underwater crossing of the reserve pipeline leg, the difficulties related to design and construction of a pipeline with significant amount of bottom sediment transport are considered, risks of construction under these conditions are analyzed, planning and implementation of a technical solution for establishment of false trenches for intercepting bottom sediment are described.