bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative microbial antibiotic resistome between urban and deep forest environments
Authors: Zheng Yongchang , Yu Si , Wang Guanqun , Xie Fucun , Xu Haifeng , Du Shunda , Zhao Haitao , Sang Xinting , Lu Jizhou , Jiang Wenjun 
Published: March 2021

SummaryA paradoxical result of using antibiotics to eradicate microbial pathogens is the emergence of a vast number of resistant microbes in various environments. The concern that environmental microbes will inevitably become resistant to virtually every clinically usable antibiotics has been exacerbated by the spread of these resistance genes across different environments and the emergence of multidrug resistant phenotypes. Here, we provide metagenomic insights into the microbiomes and resistomes of 16 soil samples collected from hospitals, residential areas, and forest parks in the megacity of Beijing and deep forests in the Yunnan province. Using Illumina HiSeq sequencing, we investigated the microbial diversity within the metagenomic shotgun reads and identified 486 antibiotic‐resistant genes (ARGs) classified into 30 types from these samples, among which multidrug resistance genes were the most abundant. Our results present an important reference and direct comparison of microbial antibiotic resistomes of soil samples from a megacity and deep forests and extend our understanding of the spread of ARGs in modern urban and natural environments.
The silence of prey: Hummingbirds do not respond to potential ambush predators on flowers
Authors: de Alcantara Viana João Vitor , Massufaro Giffu Murilo , Hachuy‐Filho Leandro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPredation is one of the most important ecological factors determining the structure and functioning of ecosystems. Among the various strategies used by predators to obtain food, there are those in which they take advantage of the vulnerability of the prey during its foraging bouts. An unexplored example of this strategy is the interaction between vertebrate pollinators and ambush predators. Despite the reports of arboreal tarantulas preying on hummingbirds, little is known about the behaviour of these birds in the presence of their predators. Thus, our study sought to investigate hummingbird behaviour against potential opportunist predators during their search for food resources. We used Heliconia velloziana as a mutualist model, in which, we separated plant flowers in two groups – plants with predators and plants without predators – in order to observe the behaviour of pollinators during their foraging activity. The rate of visitation was also indirectly estimated based on residual nectar and pollen. Our results show that hummingbirds initially avoided contact with the predator, but later they visited both groups indiscriminately. The results suggest that these birds do not have counter‐adaptations to identify invertebrate ambush predators as a threat. Since such predators are generalists and the events of predation are sporadic, they do not exert selective pressures strong enough to lead to the development of evasive behaviours. We conclude that hummingbirds are potential prey for opportunistic ambush predators.
Is the increase in postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal birth because of altered clinical practice?: A register‐based cohort study
Authors: Graugaard Hanne Lønstrup , Maimburg Rikke Damkjær 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo identify risk factors for severe postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) ≥1000 ml in women giving birth vaginally.MethodA register‐based cohort study including women with singleton pregnancies giving birth vaginally at term to a live‐born child at Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark, from January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2012. Logistic multivariable regression was used to analyze data.ResultsIn 31 837 births, 1832 women (5.7%) experienced severe PPH. Maternal age, smoking during pregnancy, and prepregnancy body mass index did not increase the risk of severe PPH. However, nulliparous and multiparous women with a previous cesarean birth had an increased risk of severe PPH. Antepartum and intrapartum risk factors for severe PPH included gestational age >40 weeks, induction of labor, augmentation of labor, irregular fetal position, instrumental birth, and birthweight >4000 g. In particular, the combination of induction and augmentation of labor doubled the risk of severe PPH. Among genital tract tears, vaginal tears >3 cm were associated with the highest risk of severe PPH.ConclusionsMaternal characteristics did not increase the risk of severe PPH, except for nulliparous and multiparous women with a previous cesarean birth. Obstetric interventions such as induction of labor, augmentation of labor, and a birthweight higher than 4000 g increased the risk of severe PPH. Larger vaginal tears presented the highest risk of severe PPH. Clinical practice with rigorous indications for obstetric interventions and timely identification and management of genital tract tears may reduce risk of severe PPH.
The predictive value of regulatory T cells on glucocorticoid sensitivity in patients with immune thrombocytopenia: a multicentre, prospective clinical study
Authors: Li Li , Zhao Yanhong , Tong Xiwen , Li Yi , Huang Lifang , Hui Yan , Mao Xia , Wei Jia , Shang Zhen , Wang Long , Xiang Hang , Guo Jingming , Chang Wei , Zhang Xinhua , Liu Longlong , Gao Kaibo , Zhang Donghua 
Published: March 2021

SummaryGlucocorticoids (GC) are used as the first‐line treatment of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), but 10–20% of patients are insensitive to them. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) can maintain immune tolerance in autoimmune diseases. The present research pooled 55 patients with newly diagnosed ITP and 44 healthy volunteers from seven hospitals. All patients received GC treatment and were divided into GC‐sensitive and GC‐insensitive groups according to the curative effect after 2 weeks of treatment. The levels of lymphocyte subgroups and Tregs were recorded. As the results indicated, the levels of CD8+CD25str+ Tregs in the GC‐sensitive group were significantly higher than that of the GC‐insensitive group (P = 0·005). The optimal critical value of CD8+CD25str+ Tregs to distinguish GC sensitivity was 0·09%. With GC therapy the level of CD45RO+/CD8+CD25str+ Tregs (activated type) decreased after treatment (P = 0·02) and the level of CD45RO−/CD8+CD25str+ Tregs (initial type) increased slightly (P = 0·11). There were no obvious changes in the level of CD4+ Tregs. These findings support that the level of CD8+CD25str+ Tregs and its subgroups have a predictive value in judging the sensitivity to GC among patients with ITP.Trial registration: www.chictr.org.cn; ChiCTR‐OON‐17014165.
Recombinant human thyroid‐stimulating hormone versus thyroid hormone withdrawal preparation for radioiodine ablation in differentiated thyroid cancer in children, adolescents and young adults
Authors: Schumm Max A. , Pyo Howard Q. , Kim Jiyoon , Tseng Chi‐Hong , Yeh Michael W. , Leung Angela M. , Chiu Harvey K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveRecombinant human TSH (rhTSH) is commonly used to prepare patients for postoperative radioiodine (I‐131) ablation after surgery for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). In adults, rhTSH is associated with equivalent oncologic efficacy in comparison to thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW), but its use has not been well studied in children.We aimed to measure time to disease progression after rhTSH stimulation vs. THW in paediatric patients under the age of 21 with DTC following total thyroidectomy.DesignRetrospective cohort study (March 2001–July 2018).PatientsSixteen children and adolescents (75% female, median age, 17.4 years) who received rhTSH were compared to 29 historical controls (72% female, median age, 18.5 years) prepared with THW, followed for a median of 2.4 years (range, 0.5–14).MeasurementsStimulated serum TSH concentrations prior to I‐131 ablation and time to disease progression, as determined by a component outcome variable encompassing both structural and biochemical disease persistence/recurrence.ResultsNo differences were observed in tumour characteristics and I‐131 dose (median 2.3 [1.8–2.90] mCi/kg rhTSH) between groups. Patients who received rhTSH achieved a similar median stimulated TSH level (163 [127–184] mU/L), compared to those who underwent THW (136 [94.5–197] mU/L; p = .20). Both groups exhibited similar time to progression (p = .13) and disease persistence/recurrence rates (rhTSH 31% vs. THW 59%, p = .14).ConclusionIn this cohort of children and adolescents with DTC, we observed similar time to disease progression among those who received rhTSH or underwent THW prior to postoperative I‐131 ablation.
Firefly tourism: Advancing a global phenomenon toward a brighter future
Authors: Lewis Sara M. , Thancharoen Anchana , Wong Choong Hay , López‐Palafox Tania , Santos Paola Velasco , Wu Chiahsiung , Faust Lynn , De Cock Raphaël , Owens Avalon C. S. , Lemelin R. Harvey , Gurung Hum , Jusoh Wan F. A. , Trujillo Daniel , Yiu Vor , López Pablo Jaramillo , Jaikla Soraya , Reed J. Michael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFireflies are charismatic beetles with attractive bioluminescent courtship displays that have recently been swept onto the global stage of nature tourism. Here, we provide the first comprehensive review of the geographic scope, magnitude, focal species, and other attributes of the major firefly tourism sites worldwide. Through targeted interviews and surveys, we estimate that in recent years over one million tourists travelled annually to sites located in at least 12 countries for firefly‐watching. Rapid proliferation of firefly tourism provides a timely opportunity to examine how such activities may impact local firefly populations, and to highlight the biological factors that make certain species especially vulnerable to tourism‐associated threats. We offer science‐based best practices for firefly ecotourism that can be tailored to fit local circumstances, including recommendations to: (1) Conserve the habitats required for all life stages to thrive, (2) involve local communities as key stakeholders, and (3) provide training programs for guides and interpretive materials for visitors. Finally, we provide suggestions for transforming tourist behavior to minimize impact on firefly populations. By developing management plans that incorporate these recommendations, firefly tourist sites can enhance the visitor experience, protect natural resources, benefit local communities, and help promote the conservation of invertebrate biodiversity.
Chimpanzees surviving in a fragmented high‐altitude forest landscape of the Congolese Albertine Rift
Authors: Laudisoit Anne , Huyghe Pierre , Willie Jacob , Ndjoku Bienvenu , Scholier Tiffany , Dz'na Jérôme , Tagg Nikki , Maher Samantha , Mande Claude , Hoda Tara , Hicks Thurston Cleveland , Baelo Pascal , Kpanyogo Oti , Ndjango Ngbathe Gustave , Crispin Gembu Guy , Omatoko Joseph , Asimonyio Anio Justin , Leirs Herwig , Verheyen Erik 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper documents a community of eastern chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthiiGiglioli, 1872) inhabiting three relict forest fragments situated on the Lake Albert escarpment, down the Ituri highlands, of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The area explored had a combined forested surface of ±18.15 km2in 2017, shrinking by 1.2% per year between 2010 and 2015. Between 2015 and 2017, we found 160 chimpanzee nests along 37.6 km of pilot walks, some up to 2,000 m altitude. Another 123 nests logged along 6.7 km transects led to an estimate of chimpanzee density of 4.62 weaned individuals per square kilometer of forest habitat. Camera‐trap images and direct observations revealed that this community is comprised of a minimum of 42 weaned individuals, which translates into an estimated density of 2.3 chimpanzees per square kilometer. The increasing rate of forest degradation threatens to erode the cultural and genetic diversity of nonhuman primates in eastern DRC; the local people however exhibit willingness to establish a community managed reserve. We hope that this report will lead to the recognition of this site as a Chimpanzee Conservation Unit, facilitating further research in these “Relict Altitude Forests Fragments of the Albert Lake Escarpment” (or RAFALE landscape) and the Ituri highlands where other undocumented chimpanzee communities occur.
Increasing aridity will not offset CO2fertilization in fast‐growing eucalypts with access to deep soil water
Authors: Nadal‐Sala Daniel , Medlyn Belinda E. , Ruehr Nadine K. , Barton Craig V. M. , Ellsworth David S. , Gracia Carles , Tissue David T. , Tjoelker Mark G. , Sabaté Santi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRising atmospheric [CO2] (Ca) generally enhances tree growth if nutrients are not limiting. However, reduced water availability and elevated evaporative demand may offset such fertilization. Trees with access to deep soil water may be able to mitigate such stresses and respond more positively toCa. Here, we sought to evaluate how increased vapor pressure deficit and reduced precipitation are likely to modify the impact of elevatedCa(eCa) on tree productivity in an AustralianEucalyptus salignaSm. plantation with access to deep soil water. We parameterized a forest growth simulation model (GOTILWA+) using data from two field experiments onE. saligna: a 2‐year whole‐tree chamber experiment with factorialCa(ambient =380, elevated =620 μmol mol−1) and watering treatments, and a 10‐year stand‐scale irrigation experiment. Model evaluation showed that GOTILWA+ can capture the responses of canopy C uptake to (1) rising vapor pressure deficit (D) under bothCatreatments; (2) alterations in tree water uptake from shallow and deep soil layers during soil dry‐down; and (3) the impact of irrigation on tree growth. Simulations suggest that increasingCaup to 700 μmol mol−1alone would result in a 33% increase in annual gross primary production (GPP) and a 62% increase in biomass over 10 years. However, a combined 48% increase inDand a 20% reduction in precipitation would halve these values. Our simulations identify highDconditions as a key limiting factor for GPP. They also suggest that risingCawill compensate for increasing aridity limitations inE. salignatrees with access to deep soil water under non‐nutrient limiting conditions, thereby reducing the negative impacts of global warming upon this eucalypt species. Simulation models not accounting for water sources available to deep‐rooting trees are likely to overestimate aridity impacts on forest productivity and C stocks.
Managing liquid digestate to support the sustainable biogas industry in China: Maximizing biogas‐linked agro‐ecosystem balance
Authors: Wang Wenguo , Zhang Yunhong , Liu Yi , Jiang Na , Zhao Qi , Deng Liangwei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBiogas industry in China is developing rapidly. This is particularly the case for livestock farm biogas plants, which are built to treat manure and wastewater. Managing the liquid digestate (LD) generated by anaerobic digestion of livestock wastes is becoming a bottleneck, restricting the sustainable development of the biogas industry in China. The separation of livestock breeding and arable farming, caused by rapid intensive animal husbandry development, is the main reason for the LD problem. Researchers, government representatives, and biogas plant operators in China have invested significant research efforts to maximize biogas‐linked agro‐ecosystem balance, which is considered as an important solution to the LD problem. This article reviewed these studies and proposed several solutions from the following four aspects: breeding mode, waste treatment mode, LD transportation mode, and LD utilization mode. One proposal is to reduce the scale of newly built livestock farms and disperse them in farmland, by promoting the “company + agent” livestock breeding mode. In this approach, farm scale would be based on the size of available farmland, and would allow for the use of LD in the near farmland. The second approach involves the intense separation of the livestock slurry and further transportation of the LD produced by the thick slurry. The third one is to expand the possible distances for transferring LD, using a pipe network or vehicle supervised by a professional third party. Finally, the development of high value‐added products and bringing them to market is the ultimate solution for the future.
A cognitive approach to the decision to trust or distrust phishing emails
Authors: Arduin Pierre‐Emmanuel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWhen interacting with computers or digital artifacts, individuals tend to replicate interpersonal trust and distrust mechanisms to calibrate their trust. Such mechanisms involve cognitive processes that individuals rely on before making a decision to trust or distrust. With the worldwide increase in email traffic, both the academic literature and professionals warn of insider threats, that is, coming from inside an organization, in particular those created by legitimate users who have decided to trust a phishing email. This article offers a cognitive approach to the decision whether to trust a phishing email. After reviewing the literature on decision making concerning a cognitive perspective, interpretation, trust, distrust, online deception, and insider threats, we present a study conducted on 249 participants designed to ascertain how they interpreted phishing emails and decided whether or not to trust them. We noted that certain elements eliciting trust or distrust remained invariable regardless of the participant. We show examples of phishing emails designed to maximize (or minimize) the decision to trust (or distrust), and lastly consider the limitations and ethical questions raised by this research.
Effect of topical application of nanoencapsulated eugenol on dental sensitivity reduction after in‐office dental bleaching: a randomized, triple‐blind clinical trial
Authors: Vilela Ana Paula , Rezende Márcia , Terra Renata Maria Oleniki , da Silva Karine Letícia , Sutil Elisama , Calixto Abraham L. , Reis Alessandra , D Loguercio Alessandro , Farago Paulo Vitor 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeThis randomized, split‐mouth, triple‐blind clinical study evaluated the effect of application of nanoencapsulated eugenol (NE) on the absolute risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity (TS) resulting from in‐office bleaching.MethodsFifty‐six patients received a NE in one hemiarch and a placebo gel in the other hemiarch, determined by random sequence, before in‐office bleaching. A visual analogue scale (VAS) (0–10) and a numeric rating scale (NRS) (0–4) were used to record TS during bleaching and 1 and 48 h after bleaching. The tooth color was performed from baseline to 2 weeks after bleaching with shade guides (ΔSGU) and a spectrophotometer (∆Eab, ∆E00, and WID). The TS was assessed through the McNemar test (α = 0.05) and by the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test (NRS) and paired t‐test (VAS). The paired test‐t was employed to compare the color changes (ΔSGU and ΔEab, ∆E00, and WID). The significance level was 5%.ResultsNo statistically significant difference was found in the absolute risk or intensity of TS between both groups (p > 0.05). A significant color change was observed in both groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionAdministration of the gel containing NE before the in‐office dental bleaching did not reduce the TS and did not interfere in the bleaching effect.Clinical relevance statementThe use of desensitizing gel containing NE did not reduce in‐office bleaching‐induced tooth sensitivity.
Copper, iron, zinc and tannin concentrations throughout the digestive tract of tropical goats and sheep fed a high‐fibre tannin‐rich diet
Authors: Kebede Biruk , Van De Wiel Kim , Derix Jill , Tolemariam Taye , Dermauw Veronique , Lourenço Marta , Paul Jules Janssens Geert 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe dry season in tropical regions urges livestock to feed on nutritionally very poor diets. It has not been explored how tropical sheep—assumed grazers—and tropical goats—intermediate browsers—cope with a high‐fibre tannin‐rich diet. This study was designed to determine the effects of a high‐fibre and tannin‐rich diet on the flow of important microminerals iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) throughout the digestive tract of tropical sheep and goats. The feeding trial was set up with twelve adult male animals, six sheep with mean body weight (BW) of 30.3 ± 1.6 kg and six goats with mean BW of 26.4 ± 2.2 kg. The feed consisted of 36% leaves ofMillettia ferruginea, 61% hay and 3% concentrate and was offered at 3% of BW (all on dry matter (DM) basis). The total faecal collection was carried out for 7 consecutive days. At the end of the experimental period, the animals were slaughtered to collect liver and digesta samples from the gastrointestinal tract. Feed, digesta and faecal samples underwent analysis of Fe, Zn, and Cu and total tannins (TT). Goats had significantly higher reticulum Cu concentrations expressed on DM as compared to sheep. Faecal Cu concentrations were higher for goats compared to sheep. Reticulum and colon digesta Zn levels were higher in goats than sheep. Abomasum and colon Fe levels were higher in sheep than goats when expressed on DM. These results suggest differences in feed intake, micromineral absorption, secretion and excretion between sheep and goats, pointing to a divergent mineral metabolism as an adaptation to the challenge of a dry season diet having very low nutritive value.
Doing things together: Development of cooperation through cultural participation
Authors: Siekiera Natalia , Białek Arkadiusz 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCooperative behaviour paves our development and accompanies us in our daily activities. This article suggests a possible way of exploring cooperation from a cultural perspective under the process‐relational worldview. Firstly, a theoretical framework is proposed that combines a process‐relational worldview with a cultural perspective in psychology and an enactive approach to social cognition in collaborative research. Next, a pathway from comparative studies on cooperative behaviours to cultural approaches looking into what cooperation means and how it is expressed is presented on the basis of the research conducted so far. A critique of previous research has been undertaken, with a focus on their limitations. The aim is to show that the theoretical framework of an embodied, embedded and enactive approach in contemporary developmental sciences along with cultural psychology complement each other, expanding the scope for the study of the development of cooperative behaviours. Research proposals embedded in theoretical reasoning are presented with their scientific value emphasised.