bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infectivity assay for detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 in samples from patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Hiroi Satoshi , Kubota‐Koketsu Ritsuko , Sasaki Tadahiro , Morikawa Saeko , Motomura Kazushi , Nakayama Emi E. , Okuno Yoshinobu , Shioda Tatsuo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSince the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak, laboratory diagnosis has mainly been conducted using reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Detecting the presence of an infectious virus in the collected sample is essential to analyze if a person can transmit infectious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). However, there have been no quantitative investigations conducted for infectious SARS‐CoV‐2 in clinical samples. Therefore, in the present study, a rapid and simple focus‐forming assay using the peroxidase‐antiperoxidase technique was developed to quantify infectious SARS‐CoV‐2 titers in 119 samples (n = 52, nasopharyngeal swabs [NPS]; n = 67, saliva) from patients with COVID‐19. Furthermore, the study findings were compared with the cycle threshold (Ct) values of real‐time RT‐PCR. The infectious virus titers in NPS samples and Ct values were inversely correlated, and no infectious virus could be detected when the Ct value exceeded 30. In contrast, a low correlation was observed between the infectious virus titers in saliva and Ct values (r = ‐0.261, p = 0.027). Furthermore, the infectious virus titers in the saliva were significantly lower than those in the NPS samples. Ten days after the onset of COVID‐19 symptoms, the infectious virus was undetectable, and Ct values were more than 30 in NSP and saliva samples. The results indicate that patients whose symptoms subsided 10 days after onset, with Ct values more than 30 in NSP and saliva samples, were less likely to infect others.
Formation of cyclones over the East Mediterranean within Red‐Sea Troughs
Authors: Ziv Baruch , Saaroni Hadas , Etkin Adi , Harpaz Tzvi , Shendrik Lidiya 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Red‐Sea Trough (RST) is a lower‐level trough extending from the tropical low‐pressure to the Levant. Its annual occurrence in the Levant is 20%, mostly in the autumn. It produces dry weather, but occasionally causing local showers and floods. During winter, the dominant synoptic system over the eastern Mediterranean is the Cyprus low (CL). Previous studies showed that some CLs form within pre‐existing RSTs, through a tropical–extratropical interaction.This study is the first comprehensive climatological framework of such formation events, analyzing their occurrence, seasonality, and the resulting rainfall in Israel. The study identified and analyzed CLs formed within the domain 31°–35°N, 30°–36°E within an RST that was detected during the preceding 24 hr. We used the 6‐hourly ERA‐Interim database, with 0.75° × 0.75° resolution, during 1979–2017, and identified 104 formation events, which constitute 10% of the CLs. Most formation events occur during fall and early winter, similarly to the RST. Eighty four percent of them formed during the evening or night, and almost two thirds of the CLs disappeared temporarily at noon and regenerated afterwards. This is attributed to the sea/land diurnal oscillation. Most of the formed CLs were shallow, with little rain, but some became major storms, like ‘Alexa’, which caused extreme snowing in Jerusalem, in December 2013. The formation scenarios were divided into four categories, according to the location and propagation of the 500‐hPa trough. The first is characterized by a closed cyclone approaching from southwest, often connected to active RSTs. In the second, a trough is deepening from the northern sector, possibly a polar intrusion. In the third, the most populated, a trough is approaching from west. The fourth category contains events with no upper‐level support. Composite maps indicate that upper‐level positive vorticity advection triggered CL formations, on top of pre‐existing above‐normal lower‐level temperatures, imparted by the RST.
NWU‐RSIT: An integrated graphical user interface for biomedical Raman spectral imaging with both univariate and multivariate modules
Authors: Chen Yishen , Li Jie , Song Dongliang , Qin Jie , Wang Haifeng , Ning Tian , Wang Shuang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhen consecutively acquiring Raman spectra at a given number, Raman imaging could be applied to extract the compositional and structural information from the selected sampling region. By compacting both univariate and multivariate algorithms, an integrated Raman spectral imaging toolbox (NWU‐RSIT) was developed for spectral analysis, image reconstruction, and feature recognition. Using an example hyperspectral dataset from a single living mouse osteosarcoma cell, univariate imaging method reveals spatial distributions of some specific molecular vibration modes; multivariate algorithms, including principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), k‐means clustering analysis (KCA), vertex component analysis (VCA), and N‐FINDR algorithm, were realized to extract more detailed constitution information from the acquired hyperspectral dataset. After comparing and evaluating the system performance of NWU‐RSIT, it will make Raman spectral imaging more accessible to all related fields, especially for the biomedical studies.
Synthesis, Characterization, Antibacterial Activity, and Interfacial and Micellar Features of Novel Cationic Gemini Surfactants with Different Spacers
Authors: Sarıkaya İkbal , Bilgen Selçuk , Ünver Yasemin , İnan Bektaş Kadriye , Akbaş Halide 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the present study, four novel imidazolium‐based cationic gemini surfactants (IBCGS) have been synthesized, having same hydrocarbon chain lengths and different spacers. The impacts of type and nature of spacer on Krafft temperatures (TK) have been examined. Micellization behaviors of IBCGS have been investigated at different temperatures above TK by both surface tension and specific conductivity measurements. Surface activity properties of aqueous systems have been calculated using the results of the measurement data. Critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface pressure at CMC (ПCMC), minimum area of head group (Amin), degree of counterion binding (β), degree of counterion dissociation (α), and maximum surface excess (Γmax) of IBCGS have been calculated with data of surface tension and specific conductivity. IBCGS have low CMC values than other imidazole categories of gemini and monomeric cationic surfactants. Micelle aggregation number (Nagg) values have been determined with the steady‐state fluorescence quenching method. The values of Nagg have been found in the range of 19–28. Additionally, the antibacterial activities of IBCGS on gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria have been investigated. IBCGS studied in this article have showed perfect antibacterial activity particularly against gram‐positive bacteria. The data obtained in this study may be benefical for the surfactant applications in different areas.
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with increased cysteine and methionine concentration
Authors: Viscarra‐Torrico Rosa Cecilia , Pajak Aga , Garzón Alvaro Soler , Zhang BaiLing , Pandurangan Sudhakar , Diapari Marwan , Song Qijian , Conner Robert L. , House James D. , Miklas Phillip N. , Hou Anfu , Marsolais Frédéric 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), seed storage protein deficiency is associated with increased total cysteine and methionine concentration. The goal of this study was to generate germplasm lines that combine this characteristic with adaptation to short season conditions in Manitoba, Canada. A recombinant inbred line population was developed by crossing the storage protein deficient genotype, SMARC1N‐PN1 with the cultivar Morden003. Two lines, 2‐37 and 3‐84, with a stable protein profile over 2 years at two locations were identified. Like SMARC1N‐PN1, both lines had a significantly higher cysteine concentration than Morden003, by approximately 35%. Methionine levels were elevated by approximately 15%, while tryptophan levels were also increased by approximately 30%. Line 2‐37 had a significant increase in protein quality, as measured by in vitro protein digestibility corrected amino acid score, by approximately 40%, as compared with Morden003. The increased protein quality for this line is attributable to higher levels of total cysteine and methionine, while having an overall reduction in crude protein concentration. Line 2‐37 had a similar seed yield as SMARC1N‐PN1, with a maturity comparable to Morden003. The results of high‐density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping and quantitative trait locus analysis of recombinant inbred lines indicated that variation in cysteine concentration was determined by the phaseolin locus, while variation in methionine concentration was determined by both the phaseolin and lectin loci. SNP markers that track the introgression of phaseolin and lectin deficiency into the Morden003 background were identified and validated.
PeaMUST (Pea MultiStress Tolerance), a multidisciplinary French project uniting researchers, plant breeders, and the food industry
Authors: Burstin Judith , Avia Komlan , Carillo‐Perdomo Estefania , Lecomte Christophe , Beji Sana , Hanocq Eric , Aubert Gregoire , Tayeh Nadim , Klein Anthony , Geffroy Valérie , Le Signor Christine , Pflieger Stéphanie , Dalmais Marion , Desgroux Aurore , Lavaud Clément , Quillévéré‐Hamard Anne , Kreplak Jonathan , Lejeune‐Hénaut Isabelle , Bourion Virginie , Pilet‐Nayel Marie‐Laure , Leveugle Magalie , Pinochet Xavier , Thompson Richard ,   the PeaMUST Consortium
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe French government has supported as part of its “Investments for the Future” program a 9‐year research project, PeaMUST, devoted to pea and to a lesser extent, faba bean improvement. Focusing on the main causes of yield irregularity that limit pea and faba bean cultivation, an integrated approach, including molecular exploitation of the pea genome sequence, was applied to identify and incorporate favorable alleles and allele combinations in prebreeding material.
Wind exposure and sediment type determine the resilience and response of seagrass meadows to climate change
Authors: de Smit Jaco C. , Bin Mohd Noor Muhammad S. , Infantes Eduardo , Bouma Tjeerd J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSeagrasses and bare sediment represent alternative stable states, with sediment resuspension being a key driver of system stability via the Seagrass–Sediment–Light (SSL) feedback. We explore the SSL feedback by quantifying the sediment stabilization by seagrass, and using these measurements to calculate under which conditions seagrass ends up in a turbid environment. We quantified in‐situ sediment resuspension velocity thresholds (ucr) for Zostera marina growing in medium to fine sand, using a field flume inducing near‐bed wave motion. ucr was determined for full length shoots, shoots clipped to 0.08 m, and removed shoots. We found that rhizomes did not influence ucr of the top sediment layer. Overall, ucr was linearly related to blade area, which became independent for sediment type when normalizing ucr for the resuspension threshold after shoot removal. Comparing measured ucr against natural wave conditions showed that the seagrass meadow at the study site is currently stable. Exploring the effects of changing hydrodynamic conditions revealed that effects of increasing storminess has limited influence on sediment resuspension and thus the SSL‐feedback. Increasing mean wind velocity had a stronger influence on SSL‐feedback dynamics by causing more frequent exceedance of ucr. The response of seagrasses to increasing wind pressure depends on bay topography. A fully exposed Z. marina meadow under low initial turbidity pressure trended toward bistability, as turbidity pressure increased mainly on bare sediments. The study site and a fully exposed Z. marina meadow under high initial turbidity pressure saw an increase in turbidity across all blade areas.
Femtosecond Field‐Driven On‐Chip Unidirectional Electronic Currents in Nonadiabatic Tunneling Regime
Authors: Shi Liping , Babushkin Ihar , Husakou Anton , Melchert Oliver , Frank Bettina , Yi Juemin , Wetzel Gustav , Demircan Ayhan , Lienau Christoph , Giessen Harald , Ivanov Misha , Morgner Uwe , Kovacev Milutin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecently, asymmetric plasmonic nanojunctions have shown promise as on‐chip electronic devices to convert femtosecond optical pulses to current bursts, with a bandwidth of multi‐terahertz scale, although yet at low temperatures and pressures. Such nanoscale devices are of great interest for novel ultrafast electronics and opto‐electronic applications. Here, the device is operated in air and at room temperature, revealing the mechanisms of photoemission from plasmonic nanojunctions, and the fundamental limitations on the speed of optical‐to‐electronic conversion. Inter‐cycle interference of coherent electronic wavepackets results in a complex energy electron distribution and birth of multiphoton effects. This energy structure, as well as reshaping of the wavepackets during their propagation from one tip to the other, determine the ultrafast dynamics of the current. It is shown that, up to some level of approximation, the electron flight time is well‐determined by the mean ponderomotive velocity in the driving field.
A Facile Method for Improving Detectivity of Graphene/p‐Type Silicon Heterojunction Photodetector
Authors: Yoo Tae Jin , Kim So‐Young , Kwon Min Gyu , Kim Cihyun , Chang Kyoung Eun , Hwang Hyeon Jun , Lee Byoung Hun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSimultaneous optimization of detectivity and dark current is successfully achieved by modulating the Schottky barrier height of a graphene/p‐type silicon photodetector from 0.42 to 0.68 eV by doping graphene with polyethyleneimine (PEI). At a barrier height modulation of 0.26 eV, the dark current is reduced by three orders of magnitude from 980 nA to 219 pA, and the detectivity is improved by 529% at 850 nm when compared to undoped graphene/p‐type silicon photodetectors. Such a significant performance enhancement confirms that the chemical doping of graphene before device fabrication is a simple yet highly efficient approach to improve the detectivity of heterojunction photodetectors.
Longitudinal Label‐Free Two‐Photon Microscopy of Cellular Healing Processes in Non‐Ablative Fractional Laser Wounds
Authors: Kim Seonghan , Le Viet‐Hoan , Kim Bumju , Kim Chan Johng , Im Sin‐Hyeog , Kim Ki Hean 
Published: June 2021

Background and ObjectivesWound healing is an important biomedical problem with various associated complications. Although cutaneous wound healing has been studied in vivo extensively using various optical imaging methods, early‐stage cellular healing processes were difficult to study due to scab formation. The objective of this study is to demonstrate that minimal laser wounds and optical microscopy can access the detailed cellular healing processes of cutaneous wounds from the early stage.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA non‐ablative fractional laser (NAFL) and label‐free two‐photon microscopy (TPM) were used to induce minimal cutaneous wounds and to image the wounds in three‐dimension. Sixteen hairless mice and a single human volunteer were used. NAFL wounds were induced in the hindlimb skin of the mice and in the forearm skin of the human subject. The NAFL wounds were longitudinally imaged during the healing period, starting from an hour post wound induction in the earliest and until 21 days. Cells in the wound and surrounding normal skin were visualized based on two‐photon excited auto‐fluorescence (TPAF), and cellular changes were tracked by analyzing longitudinal TPM images both qualitatively and quantitatively. Damage and recovery in the skin dermis were tracked by using the second harmonic generation (SHG) signal of collagen. Immunofluorescence and hematoxylin and eosin histology analysis were conducted to validate the TPM results of the murine skin.ResultsCellular healing processes in NAFL wounds and surroundings could be observed by longitudinal TPM. In the case of murine skin, various healing phases including inflammation, re‐epithelization, granulation tissue formation, and late remodeling phase including collagen regeneration were observed in the same wounds owing to minimal or no scab formation. The re‐epithelization process was analyzed quantitatively by measuring cell density and thickness of the epithelium in the wound surroundings. In the case of the human skin, the access inside the wound was blocked for a few days post wound induction due to scabs but the cellular changes in the wound surroundings were observed from the early stage. Cellular healing processes in the NAFL wound of the human skin were similar to those in murine skin.ConclusionsThe minimal NAFL wound model and label‐free TPM demonstrated the cell level assessment of wound healing processes with applicability to human subjects. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
The Enhanced Performance of Polyethylene Composite Separators by the Modification of Lithium Salt@SiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Hu Wei , You Yingxue , Duan Jinchi , Liang Xiaoxiao , Zhao Qi , Xie Haiming , Liu Baijun , Sun Zhaoyan , Zhu Guangshan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractImproving the dimensional thermal stability and electrochemical performance of polyethylene (PE) membrane is critical to enhance the safety performance of lithium‐ion battery. In this paper, PE membranes are modified by lithium bis(trifuoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) solution and then coated with nano‐SiO2/polyvinyl alcohol solution to obtain composite membranes (PE@LnSiO2, where n represents the concentration of LiTFSI solution). The obtained PE@L4SiO2 (LiTFSI solution concentration is 4%) composite membrane possesses a thermal shrinkage rate of only 17% at 150 °C, which is far superior to that of the PE separator. The ionic conductivity of the composite membrane is 16.9 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature (RT), and the battery impedance decreases to 154 Ω, which is remarkably better than that of the PE membrane (188 Ω). The battery delivers a reversible discharge capacity of 164 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C under RT after 250 cycles, and the coulomb efficiency remains above 99%. The battery also has a high discharge capacity of 132 mAh g−1 at 2 C, which indicates that it has excellent rate performance. Therefore, this research successfully explores a simple method to effectively improve the dimensional thermal stability of PE separator, as well as the electrochemical and safety performance of lithium battery.
Effect of C3H4O3 on Band Gap Narrowing of Proton Conductive Hybrid Polymer Electrolyte
Authors: Saadiah Mohd Ali , Singh Pramod K. , Samsudin Ahmad Salihin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the present work, hybrid polymer electrolyte based on carboxymethyl cellulose‐polyvinyl alcohol‐ammonium nitrate‐ethylene carbonate (CMC–PVA–NH4NO3–C3H4O3) become the promising materials that has demonstrated outstanding physical properties as an electrolytes system in solar cell. In the frame of solar cell progress, the electrical conductivity and optical bandgap of polymer electrolytes are equally explored. The characterization is carried out via electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and ultraviolet visible‐near infrared (UV‐VIS‐NIR) spectroscopy. An equivalent circuit of parallel combination, bulk resistance (Rb), and constant phase element (CPE) is obtained from transparent conductive film, CMC–PVA–NH4NO3–C3H4O3. The optimum ionic conductivity is accomplished at 3.92 × 10−3 S cm‐1 for sample containing with 6 wt.% of C3H4O3. The absorption spectra are evaluated in the wavelength ranging from 200 to 1100 nm. Theoretical analysis reveals that the addition of 6 wt. % EC is initiating the band gap narrowing from 4.96 to 4.88 eV. The results show that the present developed materials‐based polymer electrolytes have great potential for solar energy devices.
Development and Characterization of Cellulose Modified Surface with Allylthiourea as Functional Sites to Remove Basic Red 5 from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Muzi Norsuhana , Azhar Siti Maizatul Ameera , Zaharudin Nazikussabah , Subakir Farah Nurshahida Mohd , Samsudin Ahmad Salihin , Samah Nurlin Abu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this work, the removal of Basic Red 5 (BR5) by using cellulose modified surface with allylthiourea as functional sites (CMS) is studied. CMS is prepared by acidification and then, the activated cellulose is mixed with allylthiourea (AT) in acetonitrile to attach AT onto activated cellulose. There are five parameters that are studied including kinetic study, pH effect, saturation study, FTIR analysis, and elemental analysis. As a result, the higher the concentration of the BR5 in the solution, the higher the percentage of removal. The most efficient pH to remove the BR5 by the CMS is at pH 7 with 80% of removal. pH effect gives significant impact in this work. Carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen content are found to be slightly increased after adsorption of BR5 as it is loaded with some additional elements such as carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen. However, the sulfur content shows slight decrease after adsorption of the BR5 due to the contribution of active functional sites of CMS that depends on the thiol functional groups which are bonded chemically with the BR5 during separation process in batch mode.
Optical Properties of One Dimensional Ternary Metamaterial Photonic Crystal
Authors: Suthar Bhuvneshwer , Pandey Girijesh Narayan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, optical properties of one dimensional ternary metamaterial photonic crystal structures are studied. This structure is composed as (ENG/dielectric/MNG)N with N number of layers. This paper numerically studies the transmission behavior of one dimensional ternary metamaterial structure by using well known transfer matrix method. The transmission characteristics of such structure are examined with variation of refractive index and thickness of dielectric layer. Hence, the present study supports the potential application for tunable filter applications.
Simulation of 2D Interference Pattern Structure for Rectangular and Circular Slits Using Dual Beam Interference Technique
Authors: Pandey Girijesh Narayan , Shukla Anil Kumar , Thapa Khem B. , Singh Munendra , Singh Ram Chandra 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLaser interference lithography (LIL) is known to be based completely on the dual‐beam interference (DBI) technique. In this present work, a 2D interference pattern structure for rectangular and circular slits is simulated. The proposed 2D pattern structure is optimized by varying the slit width and slit separation. Several fringe patterns following the varying slit width and slit separation are reported.