bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal Design of Multibody Systems by Using Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Datoussaïd Sélim , Verlinden Olivier , Conti Calogéro 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The design step of multibody systems requires in some specific cases an optimization process, in order to determine the set of parameters which lead to optimal kinematic or dynamic performances. The aim of this paper is to propose an optimal design method adapted to general multibody systems and submitted to kinematic and/or dynamic time-dependent criteria. The optimization process is based on stochastic techniques referred to genetic algorithms, which are inspired from natural evolution and can often overtop classical optimization methods when applied to practical problems. Illustrative examples are given in the context of the optimization of the kinematics of a motorcar suspension and the lateral dynamics of an urban railway vehicle.
Extended Bintrees for Representing the Spatial Decomposition of 3D Objects
Authors: Bao Zhuojun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Extended bintree as a new class of approximation models for solid modeling is presented in this paper. Based on the bintree data structure, it allows face, edge and vertex node types as well as the classical black, white and grey nodes. Using extended bintrees, Boolean operations can be carried out and are used to generate a new object representation. The required memory is less than that in term of bintree, that is a generalization of the quadtree and octree. This gives a new efficient way to represent polygonal and polyhedral objects exactly. The extended bintree is a general method of binary cellular models. From that, the corresponding other binary models can be easily deduced. The extended bintree representation can be used in image processing and model converting in CAD/CAM systems.
Integration of Solid Modelling and FEM Analysis for the Design of Scroll Compressors
Authors: Jiang Z. , Cheng K. , Harrison D. K. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an integration approach to solid modelling and finite element method (FEM) analysis on the components design of a scroll type of compressors which are becoming popular and widely used in refrigeration and air conditioners. It is time consuming to design and manufacture a scroll compressor since its two key components are complex shaped and high precision requirements. The authors use C++ programming and Pro/ENGINEER to implement the proposed approach and associated design development. Constructive solid geometry (CSG) modelling of two scroll components are created and presented. FEM analysis is used to further consolidate the modelling with respect to force and heat influences, etc. The paper concludes with a discussion on the potential of the proposed approach in mechanical product design.
Direct Method of Blank Determination in Stamping
Authors: Durand Daniel , Girot Franck , Coupard Dominique 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Usually, the exact geometry of the blank of a stamping is obtained by successive corrections of a presupposed blank subjected to the operation of stamping or its simulation.
This paper presents an innovating method of direct predetermination of the blank. The part is set flat that it gives the required part when subjected to the action of the tool for stamping. The setting flat presents splits and the part carried out some discontinuities. The setting flat is then deformed to reabsorb the splits and the shape thus obtained is the optimized blank. This method is illustrated and validated on a rectangular cup by a comparison between the calculated blank and the part obtained.
Matching Design Tasks to Knowledge-Based Software Tools: When Intuition Does Not Suffice
Authors: Amen R. , Rask I. , Sunnersjö S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Choosing methods and tools to automate engineering design tasks has farreaching implications. A system that is first established for a limited task may later require being scaled up and maintained for many years of operational life. As the system grows, the company’s reliance on the system increases and the need for a stable platform to start from becomes critical. The system must be tailored to the specific design process and knowledge structure at hand. The purpose of this work is to present a structured methodology to classify design task(s) and to give guidelines for how this definition should be linked to suitable solution strategies and computerised tools.
A Model for the Prediction of Form Errors in Face Milling and Turning
Authors: Masset Luc , Debongnie Jean-François , Foreau Sylvie , Dumont Thierry 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A method is proposed for predicting form errors due to both clamping and cutting forces in face milling and turning. It allows complex tool trajectories and workpiece geometries. Error computation is performed by the finite element method. An experimental validation of the model for face milling is presented. Two industrial applications are produced in order to demonstrate the capabilities of the method.
Controlling Form Errors From 3D Measures
Authors: Debongnie Jean-François , Masset Luc 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Owing to the fact that a correct evaluation of form errors is particularly difficult by the classical ways, it seems more efficient to develop numerical algorithms from 3D measures. Several methods are described, including direct and iterative ones. A new method is proposed, which is based on Lp-norms and a specialized algorithm. It proved to be the most effective and robust one on every studied application.
A Twinkling Technique for Brownian Moves in Optimization Processes
Authors: Mekhilef Mounib 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper outlines a computational method for constructing displacements subspaces in optimization processes. In the first section, we present the research field. The second section is devoted to the mathematical formulation of the twinkling technique. The basic idea is that moving the state vector according to random subspaces while generating a new point is better than displacements in the whole optimization space. We then provide in the third section two different problems. We have made the choice to study the behavior of this technique on non specific areas to show that this efficiency is not problem dependent. The first case concerns the general NP-hard problem by the means of the travel salesman problem, the second problem deals with a continuous problem built in a random space. The following section is devoted to some numerical results. We discuss the results and give some orientations for the determination of the optimal subspace dimension. The second part is devoted to the study of the distribution law on the convergence. We compare three laws, the first one is the uniform distribution, the second the normal gaussian and finally we discuss the circular selection of the parameters.
Side Impact Crash Modelling: Development of a Numerical Identification Tool Using Optimization Methods
Authors: Jaskulski Jean-Yves , Mekhilef Mounib 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Currently, in automotive industry, identification of vehicle crash model parameters on test measurements is a key point. This paper outlines an approach based on optimization methods for this problem in the context of side impacts. It presents the problematic of crash model parameter identification. The engineer’s evaluation criteria of correlation are translated into an optimization objective function. Several optimization strategies are applied to identification of side impact crash model parameters. The comportment on our problem of these strategies are characterized, and numerical results show that the method of tabou search provides a good solution.
Modeling Tolerances and Dispersions of Mechanical Assemblies Using Virtual Joints
Authors: Laperrière Luc , Lafond Philippe 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a novel approach to model the propagation of tolerance buildups in tolerance chains. Starting with a suitable representation of the assembly in terms of its functional elements grouped in pairs (points, curves, surfaces, either real or fictive), we associate a set of six virtual joints to one functional element in every pair, making it possible to simulate moves of this element with respect to others. For these moves to be general, i.e. to represent the manufacturing inaccuracies of a wide variety of manufacturing processes, the six virtual joints are divided into three mutually perpendicular translations and three mutually orthogonal rotations. As these moves are small (dispersions), the theory of small displacements using standard Jacobian matrix computations is directly applicable to model the individual or cumulative effect of any dispersion of any functional element in the chain. This paper describes in details how the Jacobian matrix is computed once the virtual joints have been assigned to the functional elements pairs. An example is provided to demonstrate the potential use of the developed model.
Computer-Assisted Kinematic Tolerance Analysis of a Gear Selector Mechanism With the Configuration Space Method
Authors: Sacks Elisha , Joskowicz Leo , Schultheiss Ralf , Hinze Uwe 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a case study in computer-assisted tolerancing with the configuration space method. We analyze part of a gear selector mechanism in an automotive automatic transmission. The model contains three complex parts with 99 functional parameters. The analysis, which takes less than a minute on a workstation, indicates that the critical kinematic variation occurs in third gear and identifies the parameters that cause the variation. The analysis program handles general planar systems of curved parts with contact changes, including open and closed kinematic chains. It computes the worst-case variation in the system kinematic function and detects potential failure modes due to unexpected qualitative variations in function, such as jamming. It constructs configuration space models of the kinematic variations of the pairs in the system then derives the system variation by composing the pair models.
A Second-Order Method for Assembly Tolerance Analysis
Authors: Glancy Charles G. , Chase Kenneth W. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Linear analysis and Monte Carlo simulation are two well-established methods for statistical tolerance analysis of mechanical assemblies. Both methods have advantages and disadvantages. The Linearized Method, a form of linear analysis, provides fast analysis, tolerance allocation, and the capability to solve closed loop constraints. However, the Linearized Method does not accurately approximate nonlinear geometric effects or allow for non-normally distributed input or output distributions. Monte Carlo simulation, on the other hand, does accurately model nonlinear effects and allow for non-normally distributed input and output distributions. Of course, Monte Carlo simulation can be computationally expensive and must be re-run when any input variable is modified.
The second-order tolerance analysis (SOTA) method attempts to combine the advantages of the Linearized Method with the advantages of Monte Carlo simulation. The SOTA method applies the Method of System Moments to implicit variables of a system of nonlinear equations. The SOTA method achieves the benefits of speed, tolerance allocation, closed-loop constraints, non-linear geometric effects and non-normal input and output distributions. The SOTA method offers significant benefits as a nonlinear analysis tool suitable for use in design iteration.
A comparison was performed between the Linearized Method, Monte Carlo simulation, and the SOTA method. The SOTA method provided a comparable nonlinear analysis to Monte Carlo simulation with 106 samples. The analysis time of the SOTA method was comparable to the Linearized Method.
Tolerance Control in Workpiece Fixturing
Authors: Armillotta A. , Biggioggero G. F. , Semeraro Q. , Moroni G. , Polini W. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
When designing parts with tight tolerances, care must be paid to ensure that specified accuracy can be yielded despite manufacturing deviations. An issue to be considered is how deviations on datum elements propagate on toleranced features, taking into account configuration of locating fixtures used in manufacturing set-ups. The paper focuses on calculating position errors on machined features due to fixture configuration and tolerances on datums. Referring to some examples, it is shown how the most significant factors for tolerance control can be recognised by a proper geometric description of the locating fixture. The analysis is intended as a support to both fixture design and detection of critical aspects of part geometry and tolerancing scheme.
Integrating Tools for Manufacturability Analysis of Assemblies
Authors: Barrón-Cano Olivia M. , Gordillo José Luis 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a modular computer system for manufacturability analysis of robot-made assemblies.
In order to say if a specific design can be assembled in a specific robotic cell, designers must answer a number of questions about sequencing, stability, fixturing, grasping, motion planning, and tool accessibility.
Although several tools have been developed to compute some of the answers needed by designers,. they have been developed in an isolated fashion making hard to integrate their results. Each tool uses its own object models (which highlight some particular analysis features), sets of constraints, scale factors, and base units (inches, mm, etc) leading to incompatibility problems when designers need to chain them, i.e. to use the output from one tool as the input for another one.
Unfortunately, these problems make designers would rather answer their questions by hand, and thus an integrative tool is needed. This paper details the work we have already done in order to build such a tool.
ADN: An Agent-Based Decision Network for Concurrent Design and Manufacturing
Authors: Danesh Mohammad Reza , Jin Yan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Engineering design is a complex process. Even in designing a simple product, tens, if not hundreds, of decisions must be made by a single designer or manufacturer. The problem gets more complex when a group of designers work as a team to design an artifact. In this paper, we take a decision-based approach to model design process and introduce an agent-based decision network (ADN) to support concurrent decision-making and collaboration in design and manufacturing. Our research on ADN focuses on making team members consider other members’ decisions when making their owns and attempts to achieve coherent design decisions among designers by explicitly representing and capturing individual design decisions and negotiation processes. To achieve this goal we introduce a decision-based design process model (DDPM) and a condition-based negotiation model (CNM). The DDPM was developed to capture individual designers’ design processes. The CNM was developed to facilitate condition-based negotiation process and to track both conditions generated and decisions made at each design stage for downstream negotiation support. In ADN, each designer is associated with an agent and both the DDPM and CNM are captured and facilitated by agents and are not explicitly visible to designers. Agents generate and utilize the DDPM and CNM information to support their designers. This paper describes the ADN framework in detail, points out its advantages, and presents an application example to demonstrate the effectiveness of the ADN framework.
Characterizing Customer Value for Product Customization
Authors: Du Xuehong , Tseng Mitchell M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Product customization has become an important approach to meet individual customers’ needs. One of major challenges in product customization is to assist customers making informed decisions in terms of the company capability and the value-added by customization. The ramification is not only helping customers selecting the most appropriate products but also helping the company to decide what to design and produce. In this paper, taking into consideration of its diversity, customer value can be measured as the quality utility per unit cost, or the ratio of marginal utility and marginal cost. Customer Value Oriented Product Customization (CVOPC) is developed as a systematic process to quantify the quality utility through guiding customers to make customization choices that reflect the balance of customer-valued quality and cost. A modified conjoint analysis is applied to capture the customer’s utility function of quality in terms of specific product features. A case study of designing module power supplies for a telecommunication system is presented.
Challenges in Robust Concurrent Product Development Across the Supply Chain
Authors: Esterman Marcos , Ishii Kosuke 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper describes challenges faced by companies that form partnership with global suppliers in developing an integrated product. Many experts agree that concurrent product development (CPD) across the supply chain is the next significant challenge in design for manufacturability. Effective management of this process is a key to achieve superior time-to-market and life cycle quality. Drawing on a recent Global Supply Chain Seminar at Stanford, the paper first surveys the challenges faced by various companies ranging from electronics and automotive to aircraft engines. From the survey emerges some key and common issues that these, companies face: cultural barriers, product definition and joint product development practices. The paper then identifies the need for a systematic tool to achieve robust development strategies under uncertainties associated with global partnerships. A proposed robust development approach includes strategies such as key tuning parameters and functional redundancies. The paper concludes by presenting an idealized CPD process and future research agenda.
Optimal Component Consolidation in Molded Product Design
Authors: Fagade Adekunle A. , Kazmer David 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Per standard DFMA practice, designers are taking advantage of the full capability of manufacturing processes by consolidating multiple parts and functions into fewer, more complex parts. This paper examines the component consolidation issues for injection molded parts. Detailed tooling cost and lead-time models are first developed from industry data; material and processing cost models are established based on analytic and empirical models. Differential calculus is then applied to a generic profit model to establish nonspecific guidelines for component consolidation for both a single and mix of products. A quantitative demonstration of these concepts is also provided for a family of complex internal chassis. The results indicate that some additional DFMA rules are necessary regarding component consolidation. Components should not be combined if: the consolidation does not reduce the number of tools, the components have vastly different quality requirements, the design process is not certain of delivering the product and there is significant sales cost sensitivity, and the manufacturing processes are not capable of delivering high yields of complex products.
Product Variety Deployment and its Optimization Under Modular Architecture and Module Commonalization
Authors: Fujita Kikuo , Sakaguchi Hisato , Akagi Shinsuke 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Simultaneous design of multiple products has become essential for manufacturing firms to expand design optimization basis. Various viewpoints on this issue have been provided from investigation of practices, but their outcomes still stay on descriptive stages. This paper discusses product variety design under modular architecture and module commonalization toward a computational methodology. It reviews the module based product variety with a mixture of views from customer’s needs, functions, manufacturing modules and hierarchical representation of systems. Based on the consequent framework, this paper also mathematically formulates the problem of product variety design as a 0-1 integer-programming problem in a systematically abstract form, and develops an optimization algorithm based on a simulated annealing technique. These discussion and optimization method are applied to a virtual design problem of television receiver circuits to show their validity and promise.
Designing for Time-to-Market: Predicting the Effects of Product Design on Production Rate
Authors: Govil Manish K. , Magrab Edward B. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a methodology and a corresponding software tool for estimating a product’s production rate very early in the product development cycle. It evaluates the product’s proposed geometric attributes, materials, manufacturing processes, vendors and assembly methods for each of its components with respect to its affect on the production rate. It does this evaluation by first interactively converting the product’s functional decomposition into a product structure and then into an assembly structure. Then, based on a factory’s resource allocations and vendors’ lead times over the time horizon of interest it computes the production rate, identifies those components that are critical to increasing the production rate and suggests means to improve the fit between the product’s design and the production system. For the example selected it is shown that the methodology indicates that one can increase the production rate by 100% by either (i) modifying the thickness of one component and changing the manufacturing scheme of two other components, or (ii) changing the manufacturing scheme of three components out of the 20 components in the product.
Multidisciplinary Machine Cell Formation for Design of Cellular Manufacturing Systems
Authors: He David , Adamyan Angela 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Machine cell formation in design of cellular manufacturing systems has traditionally ignored the issues of reliability. As such, the machine cell formation methods have been developed without the explicit considerations of system reliability and maintainability and the systems designed by these methods may have poor reliability and maintainability and hence result in low availability and productivity. In this paper, we discussed how the reliability issues should be incorporated into solving machine cell formation problems. A new formulation for machine cell formation with reliability considerations in cellular manufacturing systems was developed. The formulation is based on multi-attribute utility theory and represents the tradeoff the designers are willing to make between reliability and other design attributes in design of cellular manufacturing systems. An example was used to illustrate the application of the formulation for machine cell formation with reliability considerations. An algorithm for determining the optimal machine cell size in design of cellular manufacturing systems is also proposed.