bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negative relationship between thermal tolerance and plasticity in tolerance emerges during experimental evolution in a widespread marine invertebrate
Authors: Sasaki Matthew C. , Dam Hans G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhether populations can adapt to predicted climate change conditions, and how rapidly, are critical questions for the management of natural systems. Experimental evolution has become an important tool to answer these questions. In order to provide useful, realistic insights into the adaptive response of populations to climate change, there needs to be careful consideration of how genetic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity interact to generate observed phenotypic changes. We exposed three populations of the widespread copepod Acartia tonsa (Crustacea) to chronic, sublethal temperature selection for 15 generations. We generated thermal survivorship curves at regular intervals both during and after this period of selection to track the evolution of thermal tolerance. Using reciprocal transplants between ambient and warming conditions, we also tracked changes in the strength of phenotypic plasticity in thermal tolerance. We observed significant increases in thermal tolerance in the Warming lineages, while plasticity in thermal tolerance was strongly reduced. We suggest these changes are driven by a negative relationship between thermal tolerance and plasticity in thermal tolerance. Our results indicate that adaptation to warming through an increase in thermal tolerance might not reduce vulnerability to climate change if the increase comes at the expense of tolerance plasticity. These results illustrate the importance of considering changes in both a trait of interest and the trait plasticity during experimental evolution.
Effects of a simulation‐based education programme on delirium care for critical care nurses: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ho Mu‐Hsing , Yu Lee‐Fen , Lin Pu‐Hung , Chang Hui‐Chen (Rita) , Traynor Victoria , Huang Wen‐Cheng , Montayre Jed , Chen Kee‐Hsin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the effects of a simulation‐based education programme on critical care nurses’ knowledge, confidence, competence and clinical performance in providing delirium care.DesignSingle‐blinded randomized controlled trial.MethodsRegistered nurses who work in intensive care units were recruited from a university‐affiliated acute major metropolitan teaching hospital. The intervention group received: (i) five online‐learning delirium care videos, (ii) one face‐to‐face delirium care education session and (iii) a simulation‐based education programme with a role‐play scenario‐based initiative and an objective structured clinical examination. The control group received only online videos which were the same as those provided to the intervention group. Delirium care knowledge, confidence, competence, and clinical performance as outcomes were collected at: baseline, immediately after intervention, and within 6 weeks post‐intervention to test whether there were any changes and if they were sustained over time. Data were collected between 2 October and 29 December 2020. The repeated‐measures analysis of variance was used to examine for changes in delirium care knowledge, confidence, and competence within groups.ResultsSeventy‐two critical care nurses participated with 36 each allocated to the intervention group and control group. No statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in outcome variables at 6 weeks post‐intervention. In the intervention group, significant within‐group changes were observed in terms of delirium care knowledge, confidence, and competence over time. By contrast, no significant changes were observed in outcome measures over time in the control group.ConclusionThe simulation‐based education programme is an effective and feasible strategy to improve delirium care by enhancing the knowledge, confidence, competence and clinical performance of critical care nurses.ImpactOur findings provide evidence regarding the development and implementation of a simulation‐based education programme in hospitals for health professional education in Taiwan.
Rebranding School Health: The Power of Education for Health Literacy
Authors: Vamos Sandra D. , McDermott Robert J. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe relationship between health and learning generally goes without question in developed countries, and has a philosophic, economic, and statutory basis. Historically, school health and school health education have evolved in response to addressing the public health needs of the times. Health literacy skills are more important now than ever. Living in an ongoing COVID‐19 global pandemic reminds us of the vital role of being in control of our health, wherein health literacy plays a “life or death” role in our daily lives.METHODSConsidering the evolution of school health education, we examine the significance of health literacy in our society and schools in contemporary times.RESULTSWe must take a critical look at a place for education for health literacy and why it should be an innovative path in adaptive, reimagined, and revitalized schools.CONCLUSIONSIt is time to rebrand school health in general, and school health education specifically. Improved health literacy is an asset leading to greater opportunities for health and life‐long learning.
Histopathological frequency of canine hepatobiliary disease in the United Kingdom
Authors: Bandara Y. , Bayton W. A. , Williams T. L. , Scase T. , Bexfield N. H. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesCanine hepatobiliary disease is common; however, data determining disease frequency and breed predispositions are lacking. The primary objective was to identify the frequency of different hepatobiliary disease in a United Kingdom population of dogs and consequently determine breeds at both an increased and decreased risk of hepatobiliary disease.Materials and MethodsAnonymised histopathology reports from a commercial veterinary diagnostic laboratory, which were submitted between August 2013 and February 2018, were analysed. Data were retrospectively categorised into hepatobiliary diseases according to World Small Animal Veterinary Association Standards and the breed, age and genders recorded. Cases with incomplete data or no definitive diagnosis were excluded. Breed predisposition was calculated using odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals against a United Kingdom‐based control population of micro‐chipped dogs.ResultsHistopathology results from 4584 cases met inclusion criteria. The most frequent histological diagnoses were reactive hepatitis (n=770); chronic hepatitis (n=735) and reversible hepatocellular injury (n=589). A number of breeds were shown to be at an increased or decreased risk of individual liver diseases.Clinical SignificanceThis is the first study to document the histopathological frequency of hepatobiliary diseases in a large cohort of dogs in the United Kingdom, as well as novel possible breed and age predispositions. Despite multivariable analysis not being performed to account for confounding factors, this information hopes to inform and support future investigations for hepatic disease in particular breeds and potential predispositions.
The importance of social zeitgeber in paediatric type 1 narcolepsy: What we can learn from the COVID‐19 restrictions adopted in Italy?
Authors: Filardi Marco , D'Anselmo Anita , Mazzoni Alice , Moresco Monica , Pizza Fabio , Plazzi Giuseppe 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe lockdown due to the new coronavirus pandemic (COVID‐19) has led to unparalleled changes in several aspects of human behaviour. During the lockdown, the general population delayed sleep timing and spent more time in bed; however, little is known on the effects of COVID‐19 restriction on children and adolescents suffering type 1 narcolepsy. In the last months of 2019, we performed follow‐up actigraphy in 18 type 1 narcolepsy children and adolescents under stable pharmacological treatment with sodium oxybate. We contacted these patients for a follow‐up actigraphy during the first Italian lockdown. Actigraphs and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale for children and adolescents (ESS‐CHAD) have been sent to participants’ homes. Differences in motor activity were analysed through functional linear modelling. During lockdown, type 1 narcolepsy children and adolescents went to bed and woke up later, slept more during the daytime and napped more frequently. No difference emerged in time in bed, estimated total sleep time and nocturnal sleep quality. Similarly, no difference emerged in ESS‐CHAD and body mass index. The time‐series analysis of motor activity documented reduced activity during the early morning and in the evening during the lockdown period compared with pre‐lockdown. Our study objectively showed that type 1 narcolepsy children and adolescents delayed the sleep phase and slept more during the daytime during the lockdown. The analysis of type 1 narcolepsy children and adolescents’ behaviour during the lockdown has provided new information that could pave the way to a personalized school programme.
Natural history of NASH
Authors: Armandi Angelo , Bugianesi Elisabetta 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the fastest growing cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Although only a small proportion of NAFLD patients will progress to end‐stage liver disease and death, the clinical burden of NAFLD is substantial due the sheer number of individuals affected worldwide. In fact, recent estimates suggest that 25% of the world have NAFLD, which is now one of the leading causes of cirrhosis and indications for liver transplantation. Although liver‐related mortality is common, the most common cause of death in patients with NAFLD is related to cardiovascular diseases, followed by extra‐hepatic cancers. There is a significant interindividual variability in the susceptibility to liver disease. The severity of metabolic alterations is the main risk factor for progressive NAFLD, but the qualitative components of diet, physical activity and genetic factors also play an important role. In particular, common variants in patatin‐like phospholipase domain‐containing 3 (PNPLA3), transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2), membrane bound O‐acyl transferase 7 (MBOAT7) and glucokinase regulator (GCKR) have been shown to contribute to the full spectrum of NAFLD. In those at risk of a potentially progressive form of NAFLD or non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis or in those with hepatic fibrosis, additional assessment must be made.
ANALISIS SESAR-SESAR MAJOR SEMENANJUNG MALAYSIA DENGAN TEKNIK GRAVITI DEKONVOLUSI EULER 3D
Authors: Bahrudin Nurul Fairuz Diyana , Hamzah Umar , Wan Yaacob Wan Zuhairi 
Published: June 2021

The application of biotechnology in upland rice improvement programs depends on the availability of efficient regeneration protocols. Although protocols for shoot regeneration of upland rice are available, none has been reported for pigmented cultivars. This study reports on a protocol for callus induction and regeneration of Tadong, a pigmented upland rice cultivar from Sabah. For callus induction, immature embryos were cultured on media containing 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D) at various concentrations (0 – 2.5 mg/L) and on different types of media (MS; MSB5; N6B5; N6). To induce shoot regeneration, callus explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with combinations of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) at various concentrations (0 – 3.0 mg/L) and 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at 1.0 mg/L. To induce shoot development, callus explants were pre-treated with Thidiazuron (TDZ) at various concentrations (0-1.0 mg/l) and exposed to different desiccation periods (0 – 72 hours). 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic at 2.5 mg/L and N6B5 medium resulted in the highest percentages of explant forming callus which were 60.3 ± 17.0 % and 58.7 ± 9.8 % respectively. The regeneration media failed to induce shoot on callus explants, instead, green spots were formed on the surface of the callus. The green spots were stimulated to develop into shoots when the callus explants were pre-treated with 0.5 mg/L TDZ or exposed to partial desiccation for 24 h, the percentages of explant forming shoot were 35.7 ± 4.8 % and 47.7 ± 6.8 % respectively. Shoots developed into complete plants on hormone-free MS medium and acclimatized.
NONLINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF TWO STOREY RC BUILDING MODEL
Authors: Haider Syed Muhammad Bilal , Nizamani Zafarullah , Yip Chun-Chieh , Wong Jing-Ying 
Published: June 2021

Peninsular Malaysia lies in a low seismic zone, but its building structures had come across the concrete deterioration due to the seismic ground motion originated from far or near field. Notably, most of the building structures in this country are designed based on wind load only. Moreover, current practice to analyze or design a building such as FEMA 368 and EC8 underestimated the effect of repeated excitations. These guidelines only considered single vibrations to evaluate the framed structure. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the performance of private educational institute reinforced concrete building with generic 3D two storey frame structure under multiple seismic motions. Structural model was examined under series of earthquake motions which include pre-shock, main shock and aftershock scenario. Total of 7 seismic ground motions were selected to quantify the structural frame model by nonlinear dynamic time history analyses. Pseudo-dynamic ground motions were recorded on shaking table ranging from 0.18 g to 0.82 g were applied onto the building model for assessment. The outcome of this study has identified that the low-rise building model survived at higher PGA values. Moderate damages (0.25 ≤ DI < 0.40) were recorded after passing through multiple ground motions. Moreover, low seismic vibrations with large ground movement had caused ground floor storey act as soft storey. The study concluded that low rise building model had higher tendency to absorb lower to higher ‘g’ values and resist the earthquake loading due to the strength of framed structure.
Reference Values of Sensory and Motor Nerve Conduction for Patients of a Fourth Level Hospital in Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: García Alfonso Carolina , Molina Nancy , Millán Pérez Sonia Patricia 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To establish normal values of motor and sensory nerve conductions and late responses for the electrodiagnostic laboratory of the hospital universitario San Ignacio.
Materials and Methods: Sensory and motor nerve conduction studies were performed on 77 healthy volunteers between 18 and 65 years old, for a total of 154 analyzes, using a standardized technique for measurement.
Results: Motor nerve conduction. For the median nerve the latency ≤4.2ms, amplitude ≥3.1mV and conduction velocity ≥50.8m/s. In the ulnar nerve the latency ≤3.6ms, amplitude ≥4.6mV and conduction velocity ≥49m/s. Tibial nerve latency ≤4.4ms, amplitude ≥5mV and conduction velocity ≥41m/s. Peroneal nerve latency ≤4.8ms, amplitude ≥1.6mV and conduction velocity ≥42m/s. Sensory nerve conduction. For the median nerve the latency ≤2.8ms and conduction velocity ≥45m/s. In the ulnar nerve the latency ≤2.7ms and conduction velocity ≥46m/s. Sural nerve latency ≤2.2ms and conduction velocity ≥41m/s. A Shapiro Wilk test was performed, finding that the amplitude parameters for sensory nerve conductions did not follow a normal distribution, so percentile analysis was performed. Only sex showed a statistically significant difference for the parameters of tibial nerve amplitude (p = 0.0099) being greater in women, and latency of the peroneal nerve (p = 0.0091) being greater in men.
Conclusion: Normal parameters were established for motor and sensory nerve conductions and late responses for the electrodiagnostic laboratory of the hospital universitario San Ignacio, which mostly correlate with the current reference data, with certain differences that could be related with height and sex, however, additional studies are required to establish this difference.
Prevalencia de enfermedad carotídea posterior a accidente cerebrovascular en un hospital universitario de Bogotá (Colombia)
Authors: Rodríguez López Julieth Milena , Bayona Ortiz Hernán Francisco , Martinez Carlos Fernando 
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Establecer la prevalencia de estenosis carotidea (≥ 50%) en una población con ictus isquémico entre los años 2014 a 2018 y comparar con datos previos disponibles.
Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de tipo corte transversal. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 años con ictus isquémico agudo, quien en la evaluación etiológica se documenta una estenosis carotidea (≥ 50%), con descripción de sus principales factores de riesgo, estudios e intervenciones.
Resultados: De 413 pacientes con ictus, se encontraron 51 pacientes con estenosis >50% con prevalencia de 12,3%. La prevalencia previa de 1996-2002 fue de 16%. La edad media fue 78 años, hombres (51%). Dentro de los factores de riesgo hubo mayor proporción de hipertensión arterial (76,5%) y de dislipidemia (47%). En 15/51 se pudo revisar el acuerdo entre los métodos de imágenes diagnósticas, con un 54% de concordancia para el grado de estenosis. En 59% de los sujetos la clasificación etiológica del ACV fue debida a enfermedad de vaso grande, con pequeño porcentaje de cirugías (12%).
Conclusiones: Se encontró una prevalencia de estenosis carotidea similar a otros estudios, con una reducción en los factores de riesgo como el cigarrillo y menos marcadores de aterosclerosis y menos enfermedad coronaria.
Características y producción científica de las investigaciones de una escuela de enfermería en Perú.
Authors: Ñique Cesar , Tenorio Paz Claudia Pierina , Rodríguez Cruz Lisseth Dolores , Diaz Manchay Rosa Jeuna 
Published: June 2021

Introducción: La producción científica de las universidades en nuestro país es muy baja en parte porque no logra tener visibilidad los resultados de las investigaciones realizadas como requisito para culminar los estudios de pregrado, debe profundizarse en el conocimiento sobre el tipo de investigaciones que se realizan, en este sentido se planteó el siguiente objetivo: Caracterizar las investigaciones realizadas en la escuela de enfermería de la Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo entre los años 2006 - 2020.
Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo que incluyó a 744 tesis de pregrado en formato digital de la Escuela de enfermería de la Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo de la ciudad de Chiclayo, Perú.
Resultados: El 83,60% de las investigaciones para obtener el título profesional de enfermería son de tipo cualitativa con diseño de estudio de caso (63,44%); el 31,26% tienen como población a personas adultas; el 60,48% fueron realizadas en Instituciones de salud de régimen público y privado. Del total de las tesis analizadas el 17.20% fueron adaptadas a articulo científico y publicadas en revistas indexadas, la mayoría en Latindex (58,59%) seguida de Cuiden (32.03%).
Conclusión: Existe un gran número de tesis que aún no han sido convertidas a formato de articulo de investigación, con lo cual se pierde la oportunidad de ganar visibilidad sobre la producción científica del pregrado de la escuela de enfermería de la USAT, pocas fueron publicadas en bases indexadas, destacando Latindex.
A Comparison of Volume of Fluid and Euler–Euler Approaches in Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling of Two-Phase Flows With a Sharp Interface
Authors: Bertolotti Luc , Jefferson Loveday Richard , Ambrose Stephen , Korsukova Evgenia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In aero-engines, it is important to predict the behavior of shear flows in the different parts such as bearing chambers or gearboxes. In bearing chambers, the thickness distribution of wavy films is well studied as two-phase flows are still very hard to predict depending on the case. Experimental studies remain very expensive to carry out and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) still struggles with two-phase flow prediction especially when a sharp interface between the two phases must be modeled. CFD is used to predict the oil film thickness distribution and interface velocity at different engine operating conditions. Currently, Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) CFD uses a semi-empirical method of turbulence damping, which is inaccurate for wavy films and so impacts the modeling of bearing chambers and gearboxes. With the objective of improving RANS models from large eddy simulation (LES) methods, the volume of fluid (VOF) and Euler–Euler methods for two-phase flow modeling are investigated in this study. The VOF approach assumes a single set of momentum equations for the two phases and volume fractions are 1 or 0 everywhere except in the interface region. An alternative to VOF is the Euler–Euler method with interface sharpening for shear flows. This approach assumes one set of momentum equations per phase but a shared field of pressure. The VOF and Euler–Euler approaches are compared in this study using LES with the CFD code OpenFOAM v6. The case study is based on experimental work investigating stratified flow in a horizontal channel that will be further detailed in this paper. In this study, a simplified 3D periodic channel filled with two distinct phases—air and water—is used. A flow regime is studied in which flows are fully developed and the water phase has a much smaller velocity than the air phase in order to obtain a shear flow. Numerical results are compared with experimental measurements from the literature. With OpenFOAM, the VOF solver used for the study is interFoam and the Euler–Euler solver used is reactingMultiphaseEulerFoam. Velocity profiles, shear–stress profiles, and kinetic energy profiles are compared with experimental measurements for the assessment of the two flow solvers. Maps of vorticity magnitude are also provided to support the comparisons between the Euler–Euler and the VOF approaches as well as an appropriate vortex identification method.
Does Interrupting Prolonged Sitting With 10- or 20-Min Standing Attenuate Postprandial Glycemia and Blood Pressure in Middle-Aged and Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes?
Authors: Freire Yuri A. , Silva Carlos A. , Macêdo Geovani A. D. , Browne Rodrigo A. V. , de Oliveira Bruno M. , Martins George Felipe C. , Farias-Junior Luiz F. , Brito Luciana C. , Costa Eduardo C. 
Published: June 2021

We carried out three types of 2-hr experimental sessions with middle-aged and older adults with Type 2 diabetes in order to examine the acute effect of interrupting prolonged sitting with varying periods of standing on postprandial glycemia and blood pressure (BP): (a) prolonged sitting after breakfast; (b) standing for 10 min, 30 min after breakfast; and (c) standing for 20 min, 30 min after breakfast. Glucose and BP were assessed before and after breakfast. A generalized linear model revealed no significant differences for the incremental area under the curve of glucose between standing for 10 min, 30 min after breakfast, versus prolonged sitting after breakfast (β = –4.5 mg/dl/2 hr, 95% CI [–17.3, 8.4]) and standing for 20 min, 30 min after breakfast, versus prolonged sitting after breakfast (β = 0.9 mg/dl/2 hr, 95% CI [–11.9, 13.7]). There was no difference in area under the curve of systolic and diastolic BP among the sessions. Interrupting prolonged sitting time with 10 or 20 min of standing 30 min after breakfast does not attenuate postprandial glycemia or BP in middle-aged and older adults with Type 2 diabetes.