bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Preoperative Frailty in Chinese Elderly Inpatients with Gastrointestinal Cancer Undergoing Surgery: A Single-center Cross-sectional Study Using the Groningen Frailty Indicator
Authors: Zhang Qianqian , Zhang Meng , Hu Shaohua , Meng Lei , Xi Jing , Xu Aman , Zhang Yanyan , Yu Shihui 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundFrailty is emerging as an important determinant for health. Compared with Western countries, research in the field of frailty started at a later stage in China and mainly focused on older community dwellers. Little is known about frailty in Chinese cancer patients, nor the risk factors of frailty. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of frailty and its risk factors in elderly inpatients with gastrointestinal cancer. MethodsThis cross-sectional study was performed at a tertiary hospital in China from Mar. 2020 to Nov. 2020. The study enrolled 265 inpatients aged 60 and older with gastrointestinal cancer who underwent surgery. The demographic and clinical characteristics, biochemical laboratory parameters, and anthropometric data were collected from all patients. The Groningen Frailty Indicator was applied to assess the frailty status of patients. Multivariate logistic regression model analysis was carried out to identify risk factors of frailty and estimate their 95% confidence intervals. ResultsThe prevalence of frailty in elderly inpatients with gastrointestinal cancer was 43.8%. A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that older age (OR=1.065, 95% CI: 1.001-1.132, P=0.045), low handgrip strength (OR=4.346, 95% CI: 1.739-10.863, P=0.002), no regular exercise habit (OR=3.228, 95% CI: 1.230-8.469, P=0.017), and low MNA-SF score (OR=11.090, 95% CI: 5.119-24.024, P<0.001) were risk factors of frailty. Conclusions﻿This study suggested that the prevalence of frailty was high among elderly inpatients with gastrointestinal cancer. Older age, low handgrip strength, no regular exercise habit, and low MNA-SF score were identified as risk factors of frailty.
Effects of Magnetically Treated Sedum Alfredii Seeds On The Dissolved Organic Matter Characteristics of Cd-Contaminated Soil During Phytoextraction
Authors: Tang Youjun , Ji Shuaizhi , Chen Dan , Wang Jiawei , Cao Min , Luo Jie 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The effects of magnetic field treatments on the two determining factors of phytoremediation, growth status and element uptake capacity, of Sedum alfredii have been thoroughly studied; however, minimal studies have been performed to determine the influence of the Cd hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii, grown from magnetically treated seeds, on the dissolved organic matter (DOM) characteristics in its rhizosphere. A series of pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the variations in the DOM concentration and fractionations in the rhizosphere of S. alfredii treated with external magnetic fields. Compared with the untreated seeds, S. alfredii grown from magnetically treated seeds excreted more DOM in its rhizosphere. Additionally, the hydrophilic DOM fractionation proportion, which presented a greater capacity to mobilize Cd in the soil, increased from 42.7 % in the control sample to 47.2 % in the 150 mT magnetically treated S. alfredii sample. The water-soluble and exchangeable forms of Cd (extracted using deionized water and NH4NO3, respectively) in the rhizosphere of the magnetically treated S. alfredii were significantly lower than those of the control sample. Furthermore, the Cd extraction capacity of DOM from the rhizosphere of the magnetically treated S. alfredii was greater than that of the control sample, thereby increasing the Cd uptake ability of the magnetically treated species. These results suggest that the secretion of large amounts of DOM, especially acid and hydrophilic fractionations, is an essential mechanism of magnetically treated S. alfredii to mobilize Cd in the soil.
Candidate Gene of NOS3, MMP3, AGT, and AGT1R and Pathway Analyses for Platelet Reactivity and Clinical Outcomes of Repeat Revascularization After First PCI in Chinese Patients
Authors: Zhou Shuang , Wang Zhe , Liu Zhiyan , Mu Guangyan , Xie Qiufen , Wang Zining , Xiang Qian , Gong Yanjun , Cui Yimin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Major disadvantages of the percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are the high occurrence of repeat revascularization due to restenosis and disease progression. The current study aimed to identify indicators that can predict the risk of repeat revascularization.
Methods
A total of 143 patients who underwent PCI and had genetic test results were enrolled. We retrospectively reviewed their medical records after the first PCI. P2Y12 reaction units (PRU) test results were obtained by VerifyNow; 372 SNPs of NOS3, MMP3, AGT, and AGT1R gene and 380 genes related to platelet activation-related processes and clopidogrel activity were selected for analysis. Repeat revascularization and in-stent restenosis (ISR) were used as clinical outcomes, and PRU and ADP aggregation rates were used as platelet function outcomes in analysis.
Results
After the first PCI, the incidence of repeat revascularization at 18, 30, and 42 months was 14.1% (20/142), 17.5% (24/137), and 39.7% (31/78), respectively. In the candidate gene analysis, Rs 78830 (NOS3) was associated with both ADP aggregation rate and 18- and 30-month ISR, and rs 62275847 (AGTR1) was associated with both ADP aggregation rate and 30-month ISR. In the pathway, gene-set analysis, the linkage rs471683 and rs7785386 of GNAI1|GNAT3 were associated with PRU and ADP aggregation rate, 18-months and 30-months ISR, and repeat revascularization within 30 months. Rs1715389 of GNAI1|GNAT3 were associated with both PRU and ADP aggregation rate, 18-months and 30-months ISR, and repeat revascularization within 30 months. Rs7313458 of ITPR2 were associated with PRU and ADP aggregation rate, 18-months and 30-months ISR, and repeat revascularization within 18 months.
Conclusions
The genetic polymorphisms of rs78830(NOS3), rs62275874 (AGTR1), linkage rs471683 and rs7785386 (GNAI1|GNAT3), rs1715389(GNAI1|GNAT3), and rs7313458 (ITPR2) may lead to an increased risk of in-stent restenosis and revascularization after the first PCI in Chinese patients by affecting the efficacy of clopidogrel. The above six SNP may be used as potential genetic biomarkers for high risk of in-stent restenosis and revascularization after the first PCI in Chinese patients.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Promotes The Release of Exosomal PD-L1 From Head and Neck Cancer Cells and Facilitates M2 Macrophage Differentiation
Authors: Yuan Yi , Jiao Pengfei , Wang Zeyu , Chen Mengqi , Du Hongming , Xu Liang , Xu Juanyong , Dai Youjin , Wu Fu-gen , Zhang Yaqin , Wu Heming 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) fosters cancer cell escape from immune surveillance and upregulate PD-L1 expression, but the mechanisms remain unclear.
Methods

We analyzed protein levels by immunofluorescence and Western blotting, RNA levels by qRT-PCR. Exosomes were injected intravenously through the tail vein into 6-week-old nude mice once every other day for a total of 10 injections
Results

Expression of some ER stress markers, including GRP78 (glucose-regulated protein 78), ATF6 (activating transcription factor 6) and PERK (PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase), was upregulated in OSCC tissues and correlated with poor overall survival. The level of ER stress-related proteins positively correlated with a cluster of PD-L1 expression and macrophage infiltration in OSCC tissues. PD-L1 expression in OSCC tissues was negatively correlated with cumulative survival. Incubation with Exo-ER upregulated PD-L1 levels in macrophages in vitro and vivo, and upregulation of PD-L1 promoted macrophage polarisation towards the M2 subtype.
Conclusions

ER stress induced exosome secretion by OSCC cells and PD-L1 expression in macrophages to promote M2 macrophage differentiation. A novel exosome-modulated mechanism was delineated for OSCCs-macropahge crosstalk that drove tumor growth and should be explored for its therapeutic utility.
Risk Prediction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus In Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Based On A Nomogram Model
Authors: Ouyang Peilin , Yiping You , Xiaozhou Jia , Liqin Yang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome are prone to develop gestational diabetes mellitus, a disease which may have significant impact on the postpartum health of both mother and infant. We performed a retrospective cohort study to develop and test a model that could predict gestational diabetes mellitus in the first trimester in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Our study included 520 pregnant women who were referred to the obstetrics department between December 2017 and March 2020 with a diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome. Of these women, 171 were diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus in the second trimester. Univariate analysis revealed that in the first trimester, parity, family history of diabetes, age, body mass index (BMI), testosterone, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), fasting plasma glucose(FPG), Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C), diastolic blood pressure(DBP)，and insulin levels were predictive factors of gestational diabetes mellitus (P<0.05). Logistic analysis revealed that TG, age, HbA1C, Insulin, TC, BMI and family history of diabetes were independent risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus. The area under the ROC curve of the gestational diabetes mellitus risk prediction model was 0.917 in this retrospective analysis, demonstrating the great ability to predict. The sensitivity and specificity of the prediction model were 0.814 and 0.871, respectively. The Hosmer–Lemeshow test also showed a good fit to the test.
Expression Status and Prognostic Values of SOCS Family Genes in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhang Xuede , Sun Kai , Bao Lingling 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Backgroud:Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family play important roles in the development of cancers by inhibiting the transmission of the Janus kinases–signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway. However, the expression patterns and prognostic value of SOCS family genes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. Methods: The SOCS family genes expression profiles were explored using ONCOMINE and GEPIA online tools. The mutation and copy number alterations of SOCS family genes in NSCLC were assessed by cBioportal for Cancer Genomics. The methylation status of SOCS family members were analyzed through MEXPRESS and UCSC Xena website. The prognostic values of SOCS family genes in NSCLC were explored through Kaplan-Meier Plotter database. Results: The expression levels of SOCS2, SOCS3, and cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (CIS/CISH) were significantly reduced in NSCLC tissues compared to normal lung tissues. The aberrant DNA methylation of SOCS family genes were frequent in NSCLC. CISH methylation was negatively correlated with gene expression in NSCLC. The Kaplan-Meier Plotter analysis demonstrated high expression of SOCS1 may be a predictor of poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD) but served as a favorable prognostic marker of lung squamous cell carcinoma. The high expression levels of SOCS2 and SOCS4-7 were significantly correlated with better overall survival (OS) in LUAD but not in lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC) patients. Conclusions:Our findings indicated that the aberrant gene expression and DNA methylation of SOCS family members are common in NSCLC and contribute to tumorigenesis. SOCS family genes may serve as therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers for NSCLC patients
A bimodal distribution of haze in Pluto&#39;s atmosphere
Authors: Fan Siteng , Gao Peter , Zhang Xi , Adams Danica , Kutsop Nicholas , Bierson Carver , Liu Chao , Yang Jiani , Young Leslie , Cheng Andrew , Yung Yuk 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Pluto, Titan, and Triton make up a unique class of solar system bodies, with icy surfaces and chemically reducing atmospheres rich in organic photochemistry and haze formation. Hazes play important roles in these atmospheres, with physical and chemical processes highly dependent on particle sizes, but the haze size distribution in reducing atmospheres is currently poorly understood. Here we report observational evidence that Pluto's haze particles are bimodally distributed, which successfully reproduces the full phase scattering observations from New Horizons. This result suggests a dimensional transition in organic haze formation, and indicates that both oxidizing and reducing atmospheres can produce multi-modal hazes.
Spa therapy interventions for post respiratory rehabilitation in COVID-19 subjects: does the review of recent evidence suggest a role?
Authors: Maccarone Maria Chiara , Masiero Stefano 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Pulmonary rehabilitation is essential in post-COVID subjects reporting respiratory impairment after the discharge from hospital. Because the number of patients with respiratory outcomes is high and there are few facilities available, we wonder if spa setting could represent a valid out-of-hospital alternative. We aim to explore recent evidence related to respiratory rehabilitation in the spa environment to understand if it can represent an appropriate setting for respiratory rehabilitation interventions in post-COVID subjects. Studies were found by screening PubMed, MIDLINE and Google Scholar databases from 2011 up to February 2021. Studies were eligible if they were reviews, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or clinical trials investigating respiratory interventions in the spa environment. Recent evidence has shown that inhalations and mineral-rich water immersions are effective in fighting and preventing multiple chronic respiratory tract diseases.Therefore, these treatments could also be applied to post-COVID patients with medium- long term respiratory outcomes.
A link between renewable energy, globalisation and carbon emission? Evidence from a disaggregate analysis with policy insights
Authors: Ansari Mohd Arshad , Akram Vaseem , Haider Salman 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study unveils the question of how renewable energy, non-renewable energy, globalisation, and total factor productivity affect the carbon dioxide (CO2) at the aggregate and disaggregate levels (CO2 from oil, coal and gas) in case of top ten carbon emitters developing economies over the period 1991–2016. To achieve the above objective, we apply various panel unit, cointegration and causality tests. We also implement a Pooled Mean Group estimator technique to find the long-term coefficients. Findings from panel cointegration tests show that there exists a significant long-run relationship between renewable energy, non-renewable energy, globalisation, total factor productivity and CO2. Moreover, findings derived from PMG infers that renewable energy consumption has a negative and significant impact on CO2 while non-renewable energy consumption significantly increases the CO2 at aggregate and disaggregate level. Further, our results show that total factor productivity increases the CO2 emissions whereas globalisation decreases it. From the policy point of view, our findings recommend that CO2 in sample countries can be reduced through promoting low carbon technology, and globalisation. Moreover, our findings propose to encourage renewable energy installation and drafting comprehensive policies.
TB-Net: A Tailored, Self-Attention Deep Convolutional Neural Network Design For Detection of Tuberculosis Cases From Chest X-Ray Images
Authors: Wong Alexander , Lee James , Rahmat-Khah Hadi , Sabri Ali , Alaref Amer 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health problem, and is the leading cause of death from an infectious disease. A crucial step in the treatment of tuberculosis is screening high risk populations and the early detection of the disease, with chest x-ray (CXR) imaging being the most widely-used imaging modality. As such, there has been significant recent interest in artificial intelligence-based TB screening solutions for use in resource-limited scenarios where there is a lack of trained healthcare workers with expertise in CXR interpretation. Motivated by this pressing need and the recent recommendation by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the use of computer-aided diagnosis of TB in place of a human reader, we introduce TB-Net, a self-attention deep convolutional neural network tailored for TB case screening.Methods: We used CXR data from a multi-national patient cohort to train and test our models. A machine-driven design exploration approach leveraging generative synthesis was used to build a highly customized deep neural network architecture with attention condensers.Results: We conducted an explainability-driven performance validation process to validate TB-Net's decision-making behaviour. Experiments on CXR data from a multi-national patient cohort showed that the proposed TB-Net is able to achieve accuracy/sensitivity/specificity of 99.86%/100.0%/99.71%. Radiologist validation was conducted on select cases by two board-certified radiologists with over 10 and 19 years of experience, respectively, and showed consistency between radiologist interpretation and critical factors leveraged by TB-Net for TB case detection for the case where radiologists identified anomalies.Conclusion: The proposed TB-Net not only achieves high tuberculosis case detection performance in terms of sensitivity and specificity, but also leverages clinically relevant critical factors in its decision making process. While not a production-ready solution, we hope that the open-source release of TB-Net as part of the COVID-Net initiative will support researchers, clinicians, and citizen data scientists in advancing this eld in the ght against this global public health crisis.
Gut resistome presents a unique biome signature in chronic multi-symptom illness patients and links persistent pro-inflammatory phenotype in a mouse model reversible by fecal microbiota transfer
Authors: Bose Dipro , Chatterjee Somdatta , Older Ethan , Seth Ratanesh , Lloyd Patricia Janulewicz , Carlson Jeffrey , Sullivan Kimberly , Saha Punnag , Decho Alan , Mondal Ayan , Li Jie , Klimas Nancy , Lasley Stephen , Chatterjee Saurabh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Chronic multi-symptom illness (CMI) affects a subsection of elderly and war veterans and is associated with systemic inflammation, chronic fatigue, pain and neuroinflammation. We showed previously that an altered gut microbiome-inflammation axis aids to the symptom reporting and persistence. Here, a mouse model of CMI and a group of Gulf War veterans’ with CMI showed the presence of an altered host resistome, a signature of antibiotic resistance genes within the microbiome. Results showed that antibiotic resistance genes were significantly altered in the CMI group in both mice and GW veterans when compared to the control. Fecal samples from GW veterans with persistent CMI showed a significant increase of resistance to a wide class of antibiotics and exhibited an array of mobile genetic elements distinct than normal healthy controls. Strikingly, the altered resistome and gene signature were correlated with mouse serum IL6 levels. Altered resistome in mice also correlated strongly with intestinal inflammation, decreased synaptic plasticity that was reversible with fecal microbiota transplant (FMT), a tool to restore a healthy biome. The results indicate an emerging linkage of the gut resistome and CMI and might be significant in understanding the risks to treating hospital acquired infections in this population.
Analysis and Evaluation of Indian Industrial System Requirements and Barriers Affect During Implementation of Industry 4.0 Technologies
Authors: JENA ABINASH , Patel Saroj Kumar 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In recent years, competition among the Indian Manufacturing Industries (IMI) has increased enormously in the global market. The current uncertainty in the market context is characterised and governed by the customised requirements of the customers. Thus, the manufacturing system in the industries should be capable of adapting the parameters like flexibility in scalability, variety, agility, system responsiveness, inter-connectivity, automatic data exchange with communication among the manufacturing systems, transparency and human-machine interaction, which are the main components and principles of Industry 4.0 (I4.0). Thus, adopting I4.0 plays a vital role to corroborate and its long-term survival in the global marketplace. However, very few research work considerations contribute to the issues induced during the adoption of I4.0 in manufacturing industries. This paper aims to minimise the gap between the existing Industrial System Requirements (ISR) and the challenges faced during the implementation of I4.0 technologies in existing Industries. The identified ISR and barriers were evaluated and analysed based on the data set collected from a questionnaire-based survey. Fuzzy multi-criteria analysis is conducted to identify the most weighted SR and barriers and ranked them concerning their importance. Furthermore, the inter-item correlation between both of them is analysed. This research work offers the researchers, practitioners, and industrialists an opportunity to formulate MCDM problems through numerous case studies, prioritising the top barriers and system requirements and the inter-relationship shared between them.
The expansion of tree plantations across tropical biomes
Authors: Fagan Matthew , Kim Do-Hyung , Settle Wesley , Ferry Lexie , Drew Justin , Carlson Haven , Slaughter Joshua , Schaferbien Joshua , Tyukavina Alexandra , Harris Nancy , Goldman Elizabeth , Ordway Elsa 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Across the tropics, recent agricultural shifts have led to a rapid expansion of tree plantations, often into intact forest and grassland habitats. However, this expansion is poorly characterized. Here we report tropical tree plantation expansion between 2000 and 2012, based on classifying nearly 7 million unique patches of observed tree cover gain using optical and radar satellite imagery. Most observed gain patches (69.2%) consisted of small patches of natural regrowth (5.9 ± 0.2 Mha). However, expansion of tree plantations dominated observed increases in tree cover across the tropics (11.8 ± 0.2 Mha) with 92% of plantation expansion occurring in biodiversity hotspots and 14% in arid biomes. We estimate that tree plantations expanded into 9.2% of accessible protected areas across the humid tropics, most frequently in southeast Asia, west Africa, and Brazil. Given international tree planting commitments, it is critical to understand how future tree plantation expansion will affect remaining natural ecosystems. One Sentence Summary: Tree plantations dominated recent expansions of tropical tree cover, including into 9% of accessible parks in the humid tropics.