bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resatorvid Modulates Microglial M1/M2 Polarization to Improve Cognitive Impairment after Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Zhang Shishuang , Huang Shan , Wang Feng , Yin Zhenyu , Wang Dong , Han Zhaoli , Kong Xiaodong , Zhao Jing , Li Dai , Wang Yifeng , Chen Fanglian , Ge Xintong , Lei Ping 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to repetitive mild TBI (rmTBI), which can increase the incidence of chronic neurodegenerative disorders. Microglia are the main mediators of the innate immune response in the central nervous system (CNS), and their polarization phenotype plays a dual role in exerting beneficial and detrimental effects on neuroinflammation. This study investigated the mechanism and effect of Resatorvid (TAK242), a specific inhibitor of TLR4, on learning and memory in mice with rmTBI.
Methods

A controlled cortical impact (CCI) method was used to establish the mild TBI model in this study. Mice in the rmTBI model underwent four head impacts with a 24-hour interval between each impact.
Results

TAK242 treatment significantly reduced the expression levels of APP and p-Tau, promoted neurological recovery, and improved learning and memory after rmTBI. Furthermore, TAK242 promoted the polarization of microglia from the M1 to M2 phenotype, accompanied by the upregulation of anti-inflammatory factors and downregulation of pro-inflammatory factors. The inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signalling pathway might be involved in the protective effect of TAK242 mentioned above.
Conclusions

TAK242 significantly inhibits the neuroinflammatory response by regulating microglial M1/M2 polarization, thereby improving cognitive function after rmTBI.
Comparison of Plantar Pressure Between Patients With Severe Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability and Healthy Subjects
Authors: Yamamoto Tetsuya , Hoshino Yuichi , Kanzaki Noriyuki , Kataoka Kiminari , Nukuto Koji , Yamashita Takahiro , Nagamune Kouki , Nagai Kanto , Araki Daisuke , Matsushita Takehiko , Kuroda Ryosuke 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The biomechanical pathophysiology of chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) is not fully understood. Planter pressure is susceptible to subtle changes in foot and ankle movement and could be used to detect CLAI. Therefore, this study aimed to compare plantar pressure between patients with CLAI and healthy subjects.Methods: Eighteen patients with CLAI who were scheduled for anterolateral ligament repair (9 women and 9 men) and 100 healthy subjects (50 women and 50 men) were included. Using an in-shoe pressure sensor system with ten plantar pressure sensors, the plantar pressure was recorded at a sampling rate of 200 Hz while walking. Analyses were adjusted for body mass index and gait speed.Results: Patients with CLAI had a significantly lower peak pressure on the hallux and toes than did healthy subjects. However, patients with CLAI had a significantly higher peak pressure on the medial aspect of the foot than did healthy subjects. Conclusions: The planter pressure distribution significantly differed between patients with CLAI and healthy subjects. The difference could have been due to a compensatory mechanism to prevent ankle instability. These findings could be used to elucidate the biomechanical pathophysiology of CLAI.
Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis is Associated with Increased Mortality following Solid Organ Transplantation
Authors: Weersma Rinse , Swarte J. Casper , Li Yanni , Hu Shixian , Björk Johannes , Gacesa Ranko , Vila Arnau Vich , Douwes Rianne , Collij Valerie , Kurilshikov Alexander , Post Adrian , Klaassen Marjolein , Eisenga Michele , Gomes-Neto António , Kremer Daan , Jansen Bernadien , Knobbe Tim , Berger Stefan , Sanders Jan-Stephan , Heiner-Fokkema M. , Porte Robert , Cuperus Frans , Meijer Vincent de , Wijmenga Cisca , Festen Eleonora , Zhernakova Alexandra , Fu Jingyuan , Harmsen Hermie , Blokzijl Hans , Bakker Stephan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Organ transplantation is a life-saving treatment for patients with end-stage disease, but survival post-transplantation varies considerably. There is now increasing evidence that the gut microbiome is linked to the survival of hematopoietic cell transplant patients, yet little is known about the role of the gut microbiome in solid organ transplantation. We analyzed 1,370 fecal samples from liver and renal transplant recipients using shotgun metagenomic sequencing to assess microbial taxonomy, metabolic pathways, antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors. To quantify taxonomic and metabolic dysbiosis, we analyzed 1,183 age-, sex- and BMI-matched subjects from the same population. A subset of patients were also followed longitudinally from pre- to post-transplantation. Our data show that transplant recipients suffer from gut dysbiosis—including lower microbial diversity, increased abundance of unhealthy microbial species, decreased abundance of important metabolic pathways, and increased prevalence and diversity of antibiotic resistant genes and virulence factors—that persist up to 20 years post-transplantation. Finally, we demonstrate that the use of immunosuppressive drugs is significantly associated with the observed dysbiosis and that the extent of dysbiosis is associated with increased post-transplant mortality.
RNA-seq analysis reveals different transcriptomic responses to GA3 in early- and mid-season varieties before ripening initiation in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) fruits
Authors: Kuhn Nathalie , Maldonado Jonathan , Ponce Claudio , Arellano Macarena , Time Alson , Multari Salvatore , Martens Stefan , Carrera Esther , Donoso José Manuel , Sagredo Boris , Meisel Lee Ann 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Gibberellin (GA) negatively affects color evolution and other ripening-related processes in non-climacteric fruits. The bioactive GA, gibberellic acid (GA3), is commonly applied at the light green-to-straw yellow transition to increase firmness and delay ripening in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.), though causing different effects depending on the variety. Recently, we reported that GA3 delayed the IAD parameter (a ripening index) in a mid-season variety, whereas GA3 did not delay IAD but reduced it at ripeness in an early-season variety. To further explore this contrasting behavior between varieties, we analyzed the transcriptomic responses to GA3 applied on two sweet cherry varieties with different maturity time phenotypes. At harvest, GA3 produced fruits with less color in both varieties. Similar to our previous report, GA3 delayed fruit color initiation and IAD only in the mid-season variety, and reduced IAD at harvest only in the early-season variety. RNA-seq analysis of control- and GA3-treated fruits of both varieties revealed that ripening related categories were overrepresented in the early-season variety, including 'photosynthesis' and 'auxin response.' GA3 also changed the expression of carotenoid and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic genes in this variety. In contrast, overrepresented categories in the mid-season variety were related mainly to metabolic processes. In this variety, some PP2Cs putative genes were positively regulated by GA3, which are negative regulators of ABA responses. This was accompanied with downregulation of MYB44-like genes, putative repressors of PP2Cs expression. These results show that GA3 differentially modulates the transcriptome at the onset of ripening in a variety-dependent manner and suggest that GA3 impairs ripening through the modification of ripening associated gene expression only in the early-season variety; whereas in the mid-season variety, possibly a control of the ripening timing occurs through the PP2C gene expression regulation. This work contributes to the understanding of the role of GA in non-climacteric fruit ripening.
Triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio predicts all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease on statin treatment
Authors: Wang Le , Cong Hongliang , Zhang JingXia , Hu YueCheng , Wei Ao , Zhang YingYi , Yang Hua , Ren LiBin , Qi Wei , Li WenYu , Liu ChunWei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

The triglyceride (TG)to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio has been regarded as an independent predictor of cardiovascular events. However, the association of TG/HDL-C ratio with survival in patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) on statin therapy remains uncertain. The aim of the present study was to explore whether TG/HDL-C ratio predicts mortality in diabetic patients with CAD on statin treatment.
Methods

A total of 2080 consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes and angiographic-proven CAD who were treated with statin were enrolled in the presents study. Patients were divided into tertiles according to baseline TG/HDL-C ratio. The primary endpoints were all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.
Results

During 4-year follow-up, 209(10.0%) patients died, 136(65.1%) caused by cardiovascular disease (CVD). The Kaplan-Meier analyses showed that all-cause and cardiovascular mortality increased gradually with rising TG/HDL-C ratio tertiles (log-rank test, P < 0.001, respectively). Multivariate cox hazard regression analysis revealed that patients in tertile 3 but not teretile 2 had significantly higher rate of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (P < 0.001, P < 0.05, respectively). Moreover, TG/HDL-C ratio was independently associated with all-cause mortality (HR: 1.21, 95% CI:1.11–1.31; P < 0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (HR:1.28, 95% CI: 1.19–1.37; P < 0.001). For all-cause mortality, TG/HDL-C ratio significantly improved the C-statistic (0.799[0.766–0.833] to 0.813[0.780–0.845]; P = 0.018), net reclassification index (NRI) (0.315; P < 0.001), and integrated discrimination index (IDI) (0.012; P = 0.003). For cardiovascular mortality, TG/HDL-C ratio significantly improved the C-statistic (0.769[0.727–0.812] to 0.810[0.771–0.849]; P = 0.001), NRI (0.442; P < 0.001), and IDI (0.039; P < 0.001).
Conclusions

TG/HDL-C ratio may predict mortality risk among diabetic CAD patients receiving statin treatment. These findings suggest that assessing TG/HDL-C ratio may be useful for risk stratification for mortality risk in patients with diabetes and CAD.
CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Shows Activity in Patients with B-cell Lymphoma Without CD19 Expression by Immunohistochemistry
Authors: Wang Tao , Xu Lili , Wang Yang , Tang Gusheng , Gao Lei , Chen Li , Chen Jie , Yue Wenqin , Fu Weijia , He Miaoxia , Yang Jianmin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Some clinical trials have reported that CD19-negative B-cell lymphoma patients responded to CD19 CART therapy. The mechanism of CD19 CART activating in patients with B-cell lymphoma that do not express CD19 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) remains unknown. Methods: 8 CART treated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients and other 90 DLBCL tissues were tested by IHC using 7 anti-CD19 antibodies. Besides, CD19 mRNA and protein of 6 human DLBCL cell lines were assessed using Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting analysis, and CD19 expression was evaluated by IHC as well as flow cytometry (FCM). Results: 6 out of 8 (75%) DLBCL patients who received CD19 CART therapy were identified as CD19-negative by at least one antibody. In the 6 patients, 5 objective responses were seen (response rate, 83.3%). For the 90 DLBCL samples, 68 samples were involved in analysis, and 57 out of 68 (83.8%) samples were assessed as CD19 negative by at least one antibody. IHC assay for 6 DLBCL cell lines showed that 3 cell lines CD19 expression by IHC had inconsistent results with CD19 mRNA and Western blotting assays, while FCM assay for the 6 DLBCL cell lines showed high sensitivity and good concordance to CD19 expression. Antibody HIB19 mean fluorescence intensity showed a positive correlation with CD19 expression (R2=0.8125, P=0.0137). Conclusion: These results demonstrate the mechanism that CD19-negaive B-cell lymphoma patients respond to CD19 CART therapy, suggesting that inclusion or exclusion of lymphoma patients for CD19 CART therapy based on current CD19 IHC seems unwarranted. FCM assay is recommended as a complementary diagnostic method to CD19 IHC.
The major genetic risk factor for severe COVID-19 among Europeans does not show any association among Indian populations
Authors: Singh Prajjval Pratap , Shrivastava Anshika , Sultana Gazi Nurun Nahar , Khanam Nargis , Pathak Abhishek , Suravajhala Prashanth , Singh Royana , Shrivastava Pankaj , Thangaraj Kumarasamy , Chaubey Gyaneshwer 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
With the growing evidence on the variable human susceptibility against COVID-19, it is clear that there are some genetic loci modulating the severity. Recent studies have identified several loci associated with the higher severity. More recently, a study has identified 50kb segment introgressed from Neanderthal adding risk for COVID-19, and is present among 16% and 50% people of European and South Asian origin respectively. Contrary to that, our studies on ACE2 identified a haplotype present among 20% and 60% of European and South Asian populations respectively, was probably responsible for the low case fatality ratio among South Asian populations. This result was also consistent with the realtime infection rate and case fatality ratio among various states of India. We readdressed this issue using both of the contrasting datasets and compared them with the realtime infection rates and case fatality ratio in India. We found out that that the polymorphism present in 50kb introgressed segment (rs10490770) did not show any significant correlation with the realtime infection and case fatality ratio in India.With the growing evidence on the variable human susceptibility against COVID-19, it is clear that there are some genetic loci modulating the severity. Recent studies have identified several loci associated with the higher severity. More recently, a study has identified 50kb segment introgressed from Neanderthal adding risk for COVID-19, and is present among 16% and 50% people of European and South Asian origin respectively. Contrary to that, our studies on ACE2 identified a haplotype present among 20% and 60% of European and South Asian populations respectively, was probably responsible for the low case fatality ratio among South Asian populations. This result was also consistent with the realtime infection rate and case fatality ratio among various states of India. We readdressed this issue using both of the contrasting datasets and compared them with the realtime infection rates and case fatality ratio in India. We found out that that the polymorphism present in 50kb introgressed segment (rs10490770) did not show any significant correlation with the realtime infection and case fatality ratio in India.
Integrated vaccination and physical distancing interventions to prevent future COVID-19 waves
Authors: Huang Bo , Wang Jionghua , Cai Jixuan , Yao Shiqi , CHAN Paul Kay Sheung , TAM Tony Hong wing , Hong Ying-yi , Ruktanonchai Corrine W. , Carioli Alessandra , Floyd Jessica R. , Ruktanonchai Nick W. , Yang Weizhong , Li Zhongjie , Tatem Andrew J. , Lai Shengjie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 resurgences worldwide have posed significant challenges to the formulation of preventive interventions, especially given that the effects of physical distancing and upcoming vaccines on reducing susceptible social contacts and eventually halting transmission are still unclear. Using anonymized mobile geolocation data in China, we devised a mobility-associated social contact index to quantify the impact of both physical distancing and vaccination measures in a unified way such that the gap between intervention measures and disease transmission can be explicitly bridged. This index explained 90% of the variance in the changing reproduction number of infections across the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, and was validated in six other cities of different population densities. Our simulations showed that vaccination combined with physical distancing can contain resurgences without relying on mobility reduction, whereas a gradual vaccination process alone cannot achieve this. Further, for cities with medium-population density, vaccination can shorten the duration of physical distancing by 36%-78%, whereas for cities with high-population density, infection numbers can well be controlled through moderate physical distancing. These findings provide guidance on tailoring and implementing comprehensive interventions for cities with varying population densities.
Powering Jobs: The Employment Footprint of Clean Cooking Solutions in Kenya
Authors: LEE CHIH-JUNG , Shirley Rebekah , Otieno Maureen , Nyambura Hope 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Delivering clean cooking access to 1.2 billion people who cook with charcoal, kerosene and firewood may have a strong localized employment impact. With the challenge of a rapidly expanding youth population and growing job scarcity in sub-Saharan Africa, understanding the impact of clean cooking on employment as well as the skills gap is timely. However, there is little definitive data on clean cooking jobs. Recognizing this data gap, we sought to conduct a study focused specifically on employment from the clean cooking sectors in Kenya, covering liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), bioethanol, biogas and electric cooking solutions. This study provides an initial baseline and early estimate of clean cooking sectors’ direct formal and informal employment based on one year of company survey data, expert interviews, available literature, and local focus group discussion.Results: In Kenya, the clean cooking sector provided about 19,000 direct, formal jobs and potentially 15,000 to 35,000 direct, informal jobs in 2019. While the clean cooking sector provided many jobs, the level of compensation and retention is low. In the LPG and electric cooking sector, sales and distribution are the biggest part of the workforce, while for bioethanol and biogas, manufacturing and assembling is important. The majority of the direct, formal workforce is reported to be skilled. Management, finance and legal, and product development and research are the most difficult skills to recruit for. Women’s participation is lower than 30% in the clean cooking sectors. Managerial positions have higher women’s participation than non-managerial ones.Conclusion: This research exercise establishes a baseline for understanding the employment impact of the clean cooking sectors. However, a massive data gap persists. Our study shows that while the clean cooking sectors, especially LPG, are already providing tens of thousands of jobs, further studies are critically needed to map the employment impact of delivering universal clean cooking access.
Whether Remdesivir Increases the Risk of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xu Zhenjian , Tang Ying , Huang Qiuyan , Fu Sha , Li Xiaomei , Lin Baojuan , Xu Anping , Chen Junzhe 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs among patients with COVID-19, it is also proved to be associated with in-hospital mortality. Remdesivir, an RNA polymerase inhibitor, has shown its antiviral activity in vitro and animal models. The adverse effect of Remdesivir especially AKI is the most common cause which lead to drug discontinuation. Whether Remdesivir increases the risk of AKI in patients with COVID-19 is not clear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the incidence rate of AKI in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and whether Remdesivir increases the risk of AKI. Methods: A thorough search was carried out to find relevant studies in PubMed, medRxiv, and Web of Science from 1 Jan 2020 till 1 June 2020. 15135 COVID-19 patients and 981 COVID-19 patients using Remdesivir were included in our meta-analysis. Results: The pooled estimated incidence of AKI in all hospitalized COVID-19 patients was 12.0% (95% CI:9.0%-15.0%). According to our subgroup study, the incidence of AKI was associated with the age, disease severity and race of patients. The incidence of AKI in hospitalized COVID-19 patients using Remdesivir was 6% (95% CI: 3%-13%) with a total of 5 studies. Comparing with COVID-19 patients without Remdesivir treatment, Remdesivir treatment do not increase the risk of AKI in COVID-19 patients showing OR 0.80(95%CI: 0.44-1.46, P>0.05). Conclusions: We found out that AKI was not rare in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The incidence of AKI was associated with age, disease severity and race. Remdesivir treatment did not increase the risk of AKI in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Our meta-analysis may provide an evidence for future study that AKI is associated with the natural cause of COVID-19, not the adverse event after the usage of Remdesivir.
Respectful Delivery Care and Associated Factors in Public Health Facilities in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia
Authors: Wubetu Yonas Azanaw , Sharew Nigussie Tadesse , Mohammed Osman Yimer 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Many interventions have been implemented to increase institutional delivery in Ethiopia. However, only 26% of women delivered in health facilities. This increases the curiosity of the scientific community to know more about the quality of maternity care in the country. Objective: This study aimed to assess the proportion of respectful delivery care and associated factors among women delivering in Debre Berhan town public health facilities, Ethiopia, 2019.Methods: Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 412 women who delivered in Debre Berhan town public health facilities from November 15 to December 30, 2019. A consecutive sampling method was used to identify study participants. A pretested structured questionnaire was administered by the interviewer. Bivariable and multivariable logistic analyses were conducted. Adjusted Odds ratio along with a 95% confidence interval was used to assess the magnitude and direction of the association. Statistically significant association was declared at a P-value of less than 0.05.Results: A total of 412 postnatal women were participated in this study, yielding a 99.8% response rate. About 35.7% (95% CI: 31%, 40.3%) women reported that they have received respectful delivery care. Daytime delivery [AOR=2.48; 95% CI (1.55, 3.99)], secondary school educational status and plus [AOR= 3.59; 95% CI (1.53, 8.42)], having a companion during delivery [AOR=2.45; 95% CI (1.47, 4.07)], and having four or more antenatal care visits [AOR= 2.54; 95% CI (1.60, 4.01)] were positively associated with respectful delivery care. Conclusions: The proportion of women reporting respectful delivery care was low. Women who had four or more ANC visits, who were secondary-level or higher educated, delivered during the daytime, and had a companion during delivery were more likely to receive respectful delivery care. Thus, allowing the mother to have a companion, improve ANC service utilization, and improving education accomplishment should be the focus area of intervention.