bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The first record of a Longman’s beaked whale (Indopacetus pacificus) newborn neonate found on Miyako Island, Okinawa, Japan
Authors: Kobayashi Nozomi , Ozawa Sachie , Hanahara Nozomi , Tokutake Koji , Kaneshi Takaaki , Inoue Ken , Okabe Haruna , Miyamoto Kei , Ueda Keiichi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Longman’s beaked whale (Indopacetus pacificus) is one of the rarest cetaceans worldwide. Since it was first described as its own species in 1926, they have been observed alive at sea on several occasions, and less than 20 strandings have been reported worldwide to date. Thus, basic information regarding this species, such as the maximum size of adult individuals or body length at birth, remains unknown. In this study, the external appearance and DNA analysis of a female Longman’s beaked whale stranded on Miyako Island, Okinawa, Japan, are reported. The external appearance of the specimen matched the features of the Longman’s beaked whale presented in previous studies. The mitochondrial DNA control-region sequences obtained from the specimen also matched the reference sequences of the species deposited in GenBank. Based on these features, the specimen was confirmed as a Longman’s beaked whale. The specimen was estimated to be neonate because of its body length (235 cm) and the clear several fetal folds observed on its body surface. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a confirmed new born neonate of Longman’s beaked whale in the world.
Drag reduction by application of aerodynamic devices in a race car
Authors: Nath Devang S. , Pujari Prashant Chandra , Jain Amit , Rastogi Vikas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this era of fast-depleting natural resources, the hike in fuel prices is ever-growing. With stringent norms over environmental policies, the automotive manufacturers are on a voyage to produce efficient vehicles with lower emissions. High-speed cars are at a stake to provide uncompromised performance but having strict rules over emissions drives the companies to approach through a different route to keep the demands of performance intact. One of the most sought-after ways is to improve the aerodynamics of the vehicles. Drag force is one of the major setbacks when it comes to achieving high speeds when the vehicle is in motion. This research aims to examine the effects of different add on devices on the vehicle to reduce drag and make the vehicle aerodynamically streamlined. A more streamlined vehicle will be able to achieve high speeds and consequently, the fuel economy is also improved. The three-dimensional car model is developed in SOLIDWORKS v17. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is performed to understand the effects of these add on devices. CFD is carried out in the ANSYS™ 17.0 Fluent module. Drag Coefficient (CD), Lift Coefficient (CL), Drag Force and Lift Force are calculated and compared in different cases. The result of the simulations was analyzed and it was observed that different devices posed several different functionalities, but maximum drag reduction was found in the case of GT with spoiler and diffuser with a maximum reduction of 16.53%.
Implementing an intrapartum package of interventions to improve quality of care to reduce the burden of preterm birth in Kenya and Uganda
Authors:   Preterm Birth Initiative Kenya & Uganda Implementation Research Collaborative, Namazzi Gertrude , Achola Kevin Abidha , Jenny Alisa , Santos Nicole , Butrick Elizabeth , Otieno Phelgona , Waiswa Peter , Walker Dilys 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundQuality of care during the intrapartum and immediate postnatal period for maternal and newborn health remains a major challenge due to the multiple health system bottlenecks in low-income countries. Reports of complex interventions that have been effective in reducing maternal and newborn mortality in these settings are usually limited in description, which inhibits learning and replication. We present a detailed account of the Preterm Birth Initiative (PTBi) implementation process, experiences and lessons learnt to inform scale-up and replication.MethodsUsing the TiDieR framework, we detail how the PTBi implemented an integrated package of interventions through a pair-matched cluster randomized control trial in 20 health facilities in Migori County, Kenya, and the Busoga region in east central Uganda from 2016 to 2019. The package aimed to improve quality of care during the intrapartum and immediate postnatal period with a focus on preterm birth. The package included data strengthening (DS) and introduction of a modified WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist (mSCC), simulation-based training and mentoring (PRONTO), and a Quality Improvement (QI) Collaborative.ResultsIn 2016, DS and mSCC were introduced to improve existing data processes and increase the quality of data for measures needed to evaluate study impact. PRONTO and QI interventions were then rolled out sequentially. While package components were implemented with fidelity, some implementation processes required contextual adaptation to allow alignment with national priorities and guidelines, and flexibility to optimize uptake.ConclusionLessons learned included the importance of synergy between interventions, the need for local leadership engagement, and the value of strengthening local systems and resources. Adaptations of individual elements of the package to suit the local context were important for effective implementation, and the TIDieR framework provides the guidance needed in detailed description to replicate such a complex intervention in other settings. Detailed documentation of the implementation process of a complex intervention with mutually synergistic components can help contextualize trial results and potential for scale-up. The trial is registered atClinicalTrials.govNCT03112018, registered December 2016, posted April 2017.
Effectiveness and safety of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir in treatment of chronic hepatitis C Egyptian hemodialysis patients, case-control study
Authors: Teama Nahla Mohamed , Abdel-Mohsen Waleed Anwar , Ahmed Ossama Ashraf , El Sayed Sarah Mohamed , ElGhandour Ahmed Mohamed 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in patients with renal diseases is higher compared to the general population. FDA has approved ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ ritonavir for the treatment of patients with severe renal disease. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir with or without ribavirin in treatment of chronic hepatitis C Egyptian hemodialysis patients to compare it with the same treatment result in chronic hepatitis C Egyptian patients with normal renal functions. This case-control study was conducted on one hundred patients with confirmed diagnosis of HCV-positive infection at the Center of National Committee for Control of Viral Hepatitis [NCCVH] at Ain Shams University Hospital. Patients were divided into two groups: group I (control group) with 50 chronic hepatitis C virus patients with normal renal functions and group II (Case Group) with 50 chronic hepatitis C virus hemodialysis patients.

Results
95.1% of prevalent hemodialysis patients achieved sustained virological response (SVR), while 100% of patients with normal kidney functions achieved sustained virological response. Most common side effects were hemoglobin drop, gastrointestinal disturbance, severe fatigue, and itching.

Conclusion
Ombitasvir, paritaprevir, and ritonavir are considered a safe and effective in treatment in HCV infection in patients on regular hemodialysis as in chronic hepatitis C virus infection patients with normal kidney functions.
Phytochemical profiling and antioxidant activities of different parts of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (Moraceae): A review on current status of knowledge
Authors: Sreeja Devi P. S. , Kumar Neethu S. , Sabu K. K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundArtocarpus heterophyllusLam. (Jackfruit tree) is one of the most ancient fruits indigenous to Western Ghats of India. They are large edible summer fruits and are good source of nutritional and antioxidant components which hold their potential for nutraceutical development.Main bodyThe present review attempts to document reports on the chemical and pharmacological investigations carried out with jackfruit. Research shows that the fruit contains a huge amount of phytochemicals such as phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, glycosides, saponins, alkaloids, and tannins which exhibit antioxidant properties.ConclusionsDiversity of secondary metabolites present in the jackfruit shows that it is a functionally, nutritionally, and medicinally important fruit. Detailed studies are essential for awareness among people for the proper use of jackfruit as a functional food and utilize the medicinal uses of jackfruit.
Application of data-intelligence algorithms for modeling the compaction performance of new pharmaceutical excipients
Authors: Khalid Garba M. , Usman Abdullahi G. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Pharmaceutical excipient development is an extensive process requiring a series of pre-formulation studies to evaluate their performance. The present study compares the conventional compaction and compression pre-formulation studies with artificial intelligence (AI) modeling to predict the performances of thermally and chemically modified starches obtained from Livingstone potato.

Results
The native starch was modified by three methods, and we obtained the following starches; pregelatinized starch (PS), ethanol dehydrated pregelatinized starch (ES), and acid hydrolyzed starch (AS). Microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel® PH101) was employed as a reference since its use in tablet direct compression has been established. The role of compaction pressure on the degree of volume reduction of the tablets was studied using Kawakita and Heckel models which highlighted that when the starch is modified by pregelatinization followed by ethanol dehydration, and/and or acid hydrolysis modification, a directly compressible starch can be obtained that can plastically deform. The data-intelligence results indicated the reliability of the AI-based models over the linear models. Hence, the comparative results demonstrated that the Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) outperformed the other two models in modeling the performance of all of the four excipients with considerable performance accuracy.

Conclusion
The compressibility indices have shown matching characteristics of AS and ES to Avicel® PH101 in terms of direct compressibility potential than PS. Moreover, the data intelligence modeling demonstrates the reliability and satisfactory of ANFIS as a hybrid model over the other two models with increased performance skills in modeling the compaction properties of these novel pharmaceutical excipients.
Egyptian consensus on treat-to-target approach for osteoporosis: a clinical practice guideline from the Egyptian Academy of bone health and metabolic bone diseases
Authors: El Miedany Yasser , Abu-Zaid Mohammed Hassan , El Gaafary Maha , El Naby Mona Mansour Hasab , Fathi Nihal , Saber Heba Gamal , Hassan Waleed , Eissa Mervat , Mohannad Nevine , Khaled Henaz , Mortada Mohamed , Nasef Samah Ismail , Galal Salwa , Ghaleb Rasha , Tabra Samar Abd Alhamed , Mohamed Sally S. , Medhat Basma M. , Aly Hany M. , Elolemy Gehan , Fouad Nermeen Ahmed , Ganeb Sahar S. , Adel Yasmin , Ibrahim Medhat Mohiy Eldin , Farouk Osama , Gadallah Naglaa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
This study was carried out to achieve an Egyptian expert consensus on a treat-to-target management strategy for osteoporosis using Delphi technique. A scientific committee identified researchers and clinicians with expertise in osteoporosis in Egypt. Delphi process was implemented (2 rounds) to establish a consensus on 15 clinical standards: (1) concept, (2) diagnosis, (3) case identification, (4) whom to treat, (5) who should treat?, (6) case stratification and intervention thresholds, (7) falls risk, (8) investigations, (9) treatment target, (10) management, (11) optimum treatment duration, (12) monitoring, (13) drug holiday, (14) osteoporosis in men, and (15) post-fracture care and fracture liaison service.

Results
The surveys were sent to an expert panel (n = 25), of whom 24 participated in the two rounds. Respondents were drawn from different governorates and health centres across Egypt including the Ministry of Health. Most of the participants were rheumatologists (76%), followed by internists (8%), orthopaedic doctors (4%), rehabilitation doctors (4%), primary care (4%), and ortho-geriatrics (4%) physicians. Seventy-two recommendations, categorised into 15 sections, were obtained. Agreement with the recommendations (rank 7–9) ranged from 83.4 to 100%. Consensus was reached (i.e. ≥ 75% of respondents strongly agreed or agreed) on the wording of all 15 clinical standards identified by the scientific committee. An algorithm for the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis has been suggested.

Conclusion
A wide and representative panel of experts established a consensus regarding the management of osteoporosis in Egypt. The developed guidelines provide a comprehensive approach to the assessment and management of osteoporosis for all Egyptian healthcare professionals who are involved in its management.
‘Mad agency’, reflections on Goya's ‘The Madhouse’
Authors: Radden Jennifer 
Published: January 2021

SummaryWe must remain open to revising and expanding the important but incompletely understood philosophical categories of agency and responsibility in light of what can be learned from atypical states and behaviour. A reflection on images – here, Goya's great Madhouse scene, and photographs of Mad Pride events since the 1980s – is shown to provide assistance towards this end.
Long-Term Mental Health Service Utilization Among Survivors of Testicular Cancer: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Raphael Michael J. , Gupta Sumit , Wei Xuejiao , Peng Yingwei , Soares Claudio N. , Bedard Philippe L. , Siemens D. Robert , Robinson Andrew G. , Booth Christopher M. 
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE Testicular cancer survivors may experience mental illness as a consequence of their cancer diagnosis and treatment. METHODS All incident cases of testicular cancer treated with orchiectomy in Ontario, Canada (2000-2010), were identified using the Ontario Cancer Registry. Cases were matched to controls in a 1:5 ratio on age and geography. Population-level databases were used to identify mental health service use episodes; outpatient use included visits to a general practitioner for a mental health concern or any visit to a psychiatrist. Negative binomial regression modeling was used to estimate the rate of mental health service use in the pretreatment (2 years prior until 1 month before orchiectomy), peritreatment (1 month before until 1 month after orchiectomy), and post-treatment periods (1 month after orchiectomy until end of follow-up). Rate ratios (RR) comparing cases with controls in the peri- and post-treatment periods were adjusted for baseline mental health service use. RESULTS Two thousand six hundred nineteen cases of testicular cancer were matched to 13,095 controls. There was no baseline difference in the rate of mental health service use. Cases were significantly more likely than controls to have an outpatient visit for a mental health concern in the peritreatment (adjusted RR [aRR], 2.45; 95% CI, 2.06 to 2.92) and post-treatment periods (aRR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.52). The difference in mental health service use persisted over a median follow-up of 12 years. In the postorchiectomy period, cases with baseline mental health service use were those most likely to use mental health services (aRR, 5.64; 95% CI, 4.64 to 6.85). CONCLUSION Testicular cancer survivors use mental health services more often than healthy controls. Survivorship care plans that address the long-term mental healthcare needs of this population are needed.
Integrating Clinical and Polygenic Factors to Predict Breast Cancer Risk in Women Undergoing Genetic Testing
Authors: Hughes Elisha , Tshiaba Placede , Wagner Susanne , Judkins Thaddeus , Rosenthal Eric , Roa Benjamin , Gallagher Shannon , Meek Stephanie , Dalton Kathryn , Hedegard Wade , Adami Carol A. , Grear Danna F. , Domchek Susan M. , Garber Judy , Lancaster Johnathan M. , Weitzel Jeffrey N. , Kurian Allison W. , Lanchbury Jerry S. , Gutin Alexander , Robson Mark E. 
Published: January 2021

PURPOSEScreening and prevention decisions for women at increased risk of developing breast cancer depend on genetic and clinical factors to estimate risk and select appropriate interventions. Integration of polygenic risk into clinical breast cancer risk estimators can improve discrimination. However, correlated genetic effects must be incorporated carefully to avoid overestimation of risk.MATERIALS AND METHODSA novel Fixed-Stratified method was developed that accounts for confounding when adding a new factor to an established risk model. A combined risk score (CRS) of an 86–single-nucleotide polymorphism polygenic risk score and the Tyrer-Cuzick v7.02 clinical risk estimator was generated with attenuation for confounding by family history. Calibration and discriminatory accuracy of the CRS were evaluated in two independent validation cohorts of women of European ancestry (N = 1,615 and N = 518). Discrimination for remaining lifetime risk was examined by age-adjusted logistic regression. Risk stratification with a 20% risk threshold was compared between CRS and Tyrer-Cuzick in an independent clinical cohort (N = 32,576).RESULTSSimulation studies confirmed that the Fixed-Stratified method produced accurate risk estimation across patients with different family history. In both validation studies, CRS and Tyrer-Cuzick were significantly associated with breast cancer. In an analysis with both CRS and Tyrer-Cuzick as predictors of breast cancer, CRS added significant discrimination independent of that captured by Tyrer-Cuzick ( P < 10−11in validation 1; P < 10−7in validation 2). In an independent cohort, 18% of women shifted breast cancer risk categories from their Tyrer-Cuzick–based risk compared with risk estimates by CRS.CONCLUSIONIntegrating clinical and polygenic factors into a risk model offers more effective risk stratification and supports a personalized genomic approach to breast cancer screening and prevention.
Wing damage affects flight kinematics but not flower tracking performance in hummingbird hawkmoths
Authors: Kihlström Klara , Aiello Brett , Warrant Eric , Sponberg Simon , Stöckl Anna 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTWing integrity is crucial to the many insect species that spend distinct portions of their life in flight. How insects cope with the consequences of wing damage is therefore a central question when studying how robust flight performance is possible with such fragile chitinous wings. It has been shown in a variety of insect species that the loss in lift-force production resulting from wing damage is generally compensated by an increase in wing beat frequency rather than amplitude. The consequences of wing damage for flight performance, however, are less well understood, and vary considerably between species and behavioural tasks. One hypothesis reconciling the varying results is that wing damage might affect fast flight manoeuvres with high acceleration, but not slower ones. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effect of wing damage on the manoeuvrability of hummingbird hawkmoths (Macroglossum stellatarum) tracking a motorised flower. This assay allowed us to sample a range of movements at different temporal frequencies, and thus assess whether wing damage affected faster or slower flight manoeuvres. We show that hummingbird hawkmoths compensate for the loss in lift force mainly by increasing wing beat amplitude, yet with a significant contribution of wing beat frequency. We did not observe any effects of wing damage on flight manoeuvrability at either high or low temporal frequencies.
Synthesis and Characterization of Monomeric Hexacoordinated Chalcogenonium Salts Bearing 2-(2-Pyridyl)phenyl Ligands
Authors: Sato Soichi , Ooizumi Akihisa , Sakabe Masato , Funahashi Koh , Fujita Wataru , Hayashi Satoko , Nakanishi Waro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractConsecutive treatment of 2-(2-lithiophenyl)pyridine with chalcogen tetrachlorides (ChCl4; Ch = Se and Te) and KPF6 afforded the hexafluorophosphate salts of tris[2-(2-pyridyl)phenyl]selenonium [(ppy)3Se]+ ([1]+) and tris[2-(2-pyridyl)phenyl]telluronium [(ppy)3Te]+ ([2]+), respectively. The chalcogenonium salts [1][PF6] and [2][PF6] exhibit extremely high thermal stability and high melting points. Their solid-state structures revealed distorted octahedral bonding geometries with a C3-symmetrical facial configuration. Quantum chemical calculations on [1]+ and [2]+ strongly suggest that their HOMO−3s involve lone pairs of electrons (LPs) on the central chalcogen atoms, and that the three Ch–N (Ch = Se and Te) bonds are formed by LP(N)→σ*(Ch–C) donor-acceptor interactions. Based on theoretical calculations and 77Se and 125Te NMR spectral data, the C–Ch–N moieties of [1]+ and [2]+ were characterized as asymmetrical three-center four-electron σ-type bonds [σ(3c–4e)]. Both organochalcogenonium salts represent novel monomeric hexacoordinated species that bear 14 formal valence electrons (14–Se–6 and 14–Te–6, respectively). A quantum theory of atoms-in-molecules dual functional analysis predicted that the C–Ch interaction of the σ(3c–4e) C–Ch–N moiety (Ch = Se and Te) is weakly covalent, while the Se–N and Te–N interactions were predicted to have the typical characteristics of hydrogen bonds and molecular complexes, respectively. The differences between [2][PF6] and the recently reported [2][Br] were also carefully examined.
Silver-Catalyzed C(sp3)-H Sulfonylation for the Synthesis of Benzyl Sulfones Using Toluene Derivatives and α-Amino Acid Sulfonamides
Authors: Kanyiva Kyalo Stephen , Uchida Kanako , Shibata Takanori 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We describe a simple and practical protocol for the synthesis of benzyl sulfones using readily available toluene derivatives and α-amino acid sulfonamides. The reaction proceeds to afford a broad range of benzyl sulfones in moderate to high yields under silver catalysis. The mechanism possibly involves a Minisci-type formation of α-aminoalkyl radical, homolytic cleavage of a N-S bond to generate a sulfonyl radical, and coupling of sulfonyl radical with a benzyl radical formed via hydrogen abstraction by sulfate anion radical. The practicality of the present reaction is demonstrated by a gram-scale synthesis and one-step synthesis of anticancer-active compound. The mechanism studies are conducted using radical scavengers and deuterated toluene.
Genome-wide screening of upstream transcription factors using an expression library
Authors: Yahagi Naoya , Takeuchi Yoshinori 
Published: January 2021

The identification of upstream transcription factors regulating the expression of a gene is generally not an easy process. To facilitate this task, we constructed an expression cDNA library named Transcription Factor Expression Library (TFEL), which is composed of nearly all the transcription factors in the mouse genome. Genome-wide screening using this library (TFEL scan method) enables us to easily identify transcription factors controlling any given promoter or enhancer of interest in a chromosomal context-dependent manner. Thus, TFEL scan method is a powerful approach to explore transcriptional regulatory networks.