bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MYB Genes Involved in Domestication and Crop Improvement
Authors: Albert Nick W. , Allan Andrew C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDomestication of the world's crop species has been achieved through improvements in yield, and product qualities, with or without the guidance of scientific knowledge. These selection pressures are applied by breeders (and before them, farmers) both intentionally and unintentionally to improve crop features, which have often been grouped into ‘production traits’ and ‘quality traits’. New approaches to breeding that incorporate genome sequencing, mapping, and identification of genes underlying traits have revealed new variants in the family of transcription factors (TFs) called MYBs as driving important features in both these categories of domestication traits. In this article, we review the progress in understanding the role of MYB TFs in crop performance, as well as reasons to predict further gains in yield and quality centred on the MYB TF family.
Polymer Molecular Engineering Enables Rapid Electron/Ion Transport in Ultra‐Thick Electrode for High‐Energy‐Density Flexible Lithium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Zhang Yangfan , Li Fuzhen , Yang Kang , Liu Xiu , Chen Yaoguang , Lao Zhengqi , Mai Kancheng , Zhang Zishou 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFlexible lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with high energy density are of urgent need for the ever‐increasing flexible and wearable electronic equipments, but limited by the low areal loading of active materials in traditional electrodes with lamellar structure. It is still a great challenge to solve the sluggish electron/ion transport problem caused by increasing the areal loading of active materials. Herein, a kind of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) is proposed to provide flexible supports and ion channels for ultra‐thick flexible LFP/CNT/EVA cathode and LTO/CNT/EVA anode, thereby achieving high energy density and all flexible LIBs. LFP/CNT/EVA shows a ternary homogeneous structure formed by the entanglement of EVA chains and CNT on LFP, which attributes to LFP content up to 80wt% and adjustable thickness from 20 to 460 µm. In sharp contrast to previous studies LFP/CNT/EVA delivers basically the constant specific capacity of ≈160 mAh g−1 at a 0.1 C rate with the thickness increasing, thus achieving ultrahigh areal capacity up to 4.56 mAh cm−2. A flexible full LIBs based on LFP/CNT/EVA and LTO/CNT/EVA is demonstrated and exhibits favorable cycle performance under an alternant flat and bending state. Those findings are supposed to open new avenues for designing high‐energy‐density flexible LIBs for future wearable energy storage devices.
Core/Shell Metal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals for Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Zhang Chengxi , Chen Jiayi , Kong Lingmei , Wang Lin , Wang Sheng , Chen Wei , Mao Rundong , Turyanska Lyudmila , Jia Guohua , Yang Xuyong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCore/shell structured metal halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are emerging as a type of material with remarkable optical and electronic properties. Research into this field has been developing and expanding rapidly in recent years, with significant advances in the studies of the shell growth mechanism and in understanding of properties of these materials. Significant enhancement of both the stability and the optical performance of core/shell perovskite NCs are of particular importance for their applications in optoelectronic technologies. In this review, the recent advances in core/shell structured perovskite NCs are summarized. The band structures and configurations of core/shell perovskite NCs are elaborated, the shell classification and shell engineering approaches, such as perovskites and their derivative shells, semiconductor shell, oxide shell, polymer shell, etc. are reviewed, and the shell growth mechanisms are discussed. The prospective of these NCs in lighting and displays, solar cells, photodetectors, and other devices is discussed in the light of current knowledge, remaining challenges, and future opportunities.
Frequency‐Independent Terahertz Anomalous Hall Effect in DyCo5, Co32Fe68, and Gd27Fe73 Thin Films from DC to 40 THz
Authors: Seifert Tom S. , Martens Ulrike , Radu Florin , Ribow Mirkow , Berritta Marco , Nádvorník Lukáš , Starke Ronald , Jungwirth Tomas , Wolf Martin , Radu Ilie , Münzenberg Markus , Oppeneer Peter M. , Woltersdorf Georg , Kampfrath Tobias 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe anomalous Hall effect (AHE) is a fundamental spintronic charge‐to‐charge‐current conversion phenomenon and closely related to spin‐to‐charge‐current conversion by the spin Hall effect. Future high‐speed spintronic devices will crucially rely on such conversion phenomena at terahertz (THz) frequencies. Here, it is revealed that the AHE remains operative from DC up to 40 THz with a flat frequency response in thin films of three technologically relevant magnetic materials: DyCo5, Co32Fe68, and Gd27Fe73. The frequency‐dependent conductivity‐tensor elements σxx and σyx are measured, and good agreement with DC measurements is found. The experimental findings are fully consistent with ab initio calculations of σyx for CoFe and highlight the role of the large Drude scattering rate (≈100 THz) of metal thin films, which smears out any sharp spectral features of the THz AHE. Finally, it is found that the intrinsic contribution to the THz AHE dominates over the extrinsic mechanisms for the Co32Fe68 sample. The results imply that the AHE and related effects such as the spin Hall effect are highly promising ingredients of future THz spintronic devices reliably operating from DC to 40 THz and beyond.
Halide Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diode Technologies
Authors: Ji Kangyu , Anaya Miguel , Abfalterer Anna , Stranks Samuel D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHalide perovskites have attracted considerable attention in next‐generation solid‐state lighting and displays owing to their outstanding optoelectronic properties. Over the past few years, perovskite light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) have achieved high external quantum efficiencies of >20% with active layers showing photoluminescence quantum efficiencies close to unity. This paper reviews the historical breakthroughs and recent advancements in perovskite LEDs with near‐infrared, red, green, and blue emission colors. Critical challenges, including device stability and material toxicity, are discussed. Finally, an outlook on white emission and lasing applications based on perovskite materials is presented.
In Situ Polymerization Permeated Three‐Dimensional Li+‐Percolated Porous Oxide Ceramic Framework Boosting All Solid‐State Lithium Metal Battery
Authors: Yan Yiyuan , Ju Jiangwei , Dong Shanmu , Wang Yantao , Huang Lang , Cui Longfei , Jiang Feng , Wang Qinglei , Zhang Yanfen , Cui Guanglei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSolid‐state lithium battery promises highly safe electrochemical energy storage. Conductivity of solid electrolyte and compatibility of electrolyte/electrode interface are two keys to dominate the electrochemical performance of all solid‐state battery. By in situ polymerizing poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate within self‐supported three‐dimensional porous Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 framework, the as‐assembled solid‐state battery employing 4.5 V LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathode and Li metal anode demonstrates a high Coulombic efficiency exceeding 99% at room temperature. Solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance results reveal that Li+ migrates fast along the continuous Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 phase and Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3/polymer interfacial phase to generate a fantastic conductivity of 2.0 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature, which is 56 times higher than that of pristine poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate. Meanwhile, the in situ polymerized poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate can not only integrate the loose interfacial contact but also protect Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 from being reduced by lithium metal. As a consequence of the compatible solid‐solid contact, the interfacial resistance decreases significantly by a factor of 40 times, resolving the notorious interfacial issue effectively. The integrated strategy proposed by this work can thereby guide both the preparation of highly conductive solid electrolyte and compatible interface design to boost practical high energy density all solid‐state lithium metal battery.
Kesterite Solar Cells: Insights into Current Strategies and Challenges
Authors: He Mingrui , Yan Chang , Li Jianjun , Suryawanshi Mahesh P. , Kim Jinhyeok , Green Martin A. , Hao Xiaojing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEarth‐abundant and environmentally benign kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) is a promising alternative to its cousin chalcopyrite Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGS) for photovoltaic applications. However, the power conversion efficiency of CZTSSe solar cells has been stagnant at 12.6% for years, still far lower than that of CIGS (23.35%). In this report, insights into the latest cutting‐edge strategies for further advance in the performance of kesterite solar cells is provided, particularly focusing on the postdeposition thermal treatment (for bare absorber, heterojunction, and completed device), alkali doping, and bandgap grading by engineering graded cation and/or anion alloying. These strategies, which have led to the step‐change improvements in the power conversion efficiency of the counterpart CIGS solar cells, are also the most promising ones to achieve further efficiency breakthroughs for kesterite solar cells. Herein, the recent advances in kesterite solar cells along these pathways are reviewed, and more importantly, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms is provided, and promising directions for the ongoing development of kesterite solar cells are proposed.
Validation of the conventional Glasgow Prognostic Score and development of the improved Glasgow Prognostic Score in patients with stage 0‐III colorectal cancer after curative resection
Authors: Ishikawa Satoshi , Miyoshi Norikatsu , Fujino Shiki , Ogino Takayuki , Takahashi Hidekazu , Uemura Mamoru , Yamamoto Hirofumi , Mizushima Tsunekazu , Doki Yuichiro , Eguchi Hidetoshi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimMany inflammation‐nutrition scores, including the Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS), have been reported as prognostic biomarkers in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to examine the predictive ability of the GPS and to improve the GPS.MethodsWe included a total of 438 patients with stage 0‐III CRC who underwent curative surgery from 2010 to 2013. They were divided into a training set comprising 221 patients and a validation set comprising 227 patients, according to the date of surgery. In the training set, the GPS was verified using a Cox regression model, and cut‐off values for C‐reactive protein (CRP) and albumin for relapse‐free survival (RFS) were calculated using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. The improved GPS (iGPS) was developed with additional optimal cut‐off values. We also compared the iGPS with the conventional GPS in the validation set.ResultsThe high GPS (GPS: 1‐2) was correlated with RFS and overall survival (OS) in the training set. Cut‐off values of CRP and albumin for RFS were 1.6 and 3.9, and we modified the GPS accordingly, adding the cut‐off values of 2 and 3.9 to CRP and albumin, respectively. In the validation set, a high iGPS was an independent prognostic factor for RFS (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.273; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.212‐4.364; P = .011), although the conventional GPS was not.ConclusionThe iGPS was a more accurate prognostic predictor for patients with stage 0‐III CRC.
Morphometry and histology to assess the maturity stage of three endangered devil ray species (Elasmobranchii: Mobulidae) from the Gulf of California
Authors: Serrano‐López Javier Noe , Soto‐López Katherin , Ochoa‐Báez Rosa Isabel , O'Sullivan John , Galván‐Magaña Felipe 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Devil rays of the genus Mobula are subject to fishing exploitation worldwide and are considered vulnerable to overexploitation due to population reduction, which is evidenced by a decline in the number of catches of these animals.
Limited biological knowledge on these species has forced the use of precautionary conservation measures in countries where intensive fishing occurs.
This study aimed to describe biological data of interest for estimating the feasibility of the recovery of Mobula populations, emphasizing the reproductive activity of three endangered species of the genus Mobula (Mobula munkiana, Mobula thurstoni, and Mobula mobular) in the Gulf of California.
Reproductive organs were collected during 7 years of commercial fishing (2001–2007), and data on population structure, sex ratio, gamete production, and the number of offspring per breeding period were obtained.
Maturity stages were determined through histological analysis of the gonads for both sexes, and the size at maturity was estimated based on anatomical and histological characteristics of the specimens caught.
Considering the wide global distribution of Mobula species, there is an urgent need to apply strict conservation measures, such as established fishery closures during the breeding season or the establishment of catch periods after specimens have reached sexual maturity, especially in the countries where these animals are caught.
Modifiable risk factors for epilepsy: A two‐sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Tomson Torbjörn , Larsson Susanna C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionWe conducted a two‐sample Mendelian randomization study to determine the associations of modifiable risk factors with epilepsy.MethodsFourteen potential risk factors for epilepsy were selected based on a systematic review of risk factors for epilepsy. Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms associated with each exposure at the genome‐wide significance threshold (p < 5×10–8) were proposed as instrumental variables from corresponding genome‐wide association studies. Summary‐level data for epilepsy were obtained from the FinnGen consortium (4,588 cases and 144 780 noncases). Potential causal associations (p < .05) were attempted for replication using UK Biobank data (901 cases and 395 209 controls).ResultsAmong 14 potential risk factors, 4 showed significant associations with epilepsy in FinnGen. All associations were directionally similar in UK Biobank and associated with epilepsy at p ≤ .004 in meta‐analyses of FinnGen and UK Biobank data. The odds ratios of epilepsy were 1.46 (95% CI, 1.18, 1.82) for one unit increase in log odds ratio of having depression, 1.44 (95% CI, 1.13, 1.85) for one standard deviation increase in serum ferritin, 1.12 (95% CI, 1.04, 1.21) for one standard deviation increase in transferrin saturation, and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.09, 1.43) for one standard deviation increase in the prevalence of smoking initiation. There were suggestive associations of serum iron and magnesium with epilepsy. No association was observed for insomnia, blood pressure, alcohol consumption, or serum vitamin B12, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D and calcium levels.ConclusionThis MR study identified several modifiable risk factors for adulthood epilepsy. Reducing prevalence of depression and smoking initiation should be considered as primary prevention strategies for epilepsy.
What motivates the adoption of green restaurant products and services? A systematic review and future research agenda
Authors: T. M. Arun , Kaur Puneet , Ferraris Alberto , Dhir Amandeep 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIssues regarding green restaurants have received significant scholarly and practitioner attention in the last decade, particularly concerning why consumers adopt green restaurants. Although several reviews exist on green hospitality, a comprehensive review of the literature on consumers' green restaurant adoption is currently lacking. The following systematic literature review examines 50 research studies published on the consumer adoption of green restaurant services to address this gap accordingly. Through a detailed content analysis, the research profile and thematic analysis are presented. The review further identifies four key thematic foci: (a) consumer behavior variables studied, (b) antecedents internal to the consumer, (c) antecedents due to the perception of external factors, and (d) moderators. Limitations and gaps from each of the themes are offered with potential future research questions. The novelty of the review lies in the development of a “green restaurant adoption research framework” that cuts across multiple theoretical perspectives to summarize why consumers adopt green restaurant services.
Automated Laboratory Growth Assessment and Maintenance of Azotobacter vinelandii
Authors: Carruthers Brooke M. , Garcia Amanda K. , Rivier Alex , Kacar Betul 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAzotobacter vinelandii (A. vinelandii) is a commonly used model organism for the study of aerobic respiration, the bacterial production of several industrially relevant compounds, and, perhaps most significantly, the genetics and biochemistry of biological nitrogen fixation. Laboratory growth assessments of A. vinelandii are useful for evaluating the impact of environmental and genetic modifications on physiological properties, including diazotrophy. However, researchers typically rely on manual growth methods that are oftentimes laborious and inefficient. We present a protocol for the automated growth assessment of A. vinelandii on a microplate reader, particularly well‐suited for studies of diazotrophic growth. We discuss common pitfalls and strategies for protocol optimization, and demonstrate the protocol's application toward growth evaluation of strains carrying modifications to nitrogen‐fixation genes. © 2021 The Authors.This article was corrected on 13 January 2022 and 26 July 2022. See the end of the full text for details.Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of A. vinelandii plate cultures from frozen stockBasic Protocol 2: Preparation of A. vinelandii liquid preculturesBasic Protocol 3: Automated growth rate experiment of A. vinelandii on a microplate reader
An Efficient Agrobacterium‐Mediated Transformation Protocol for Hexaploid and Tetraploid Wheat
Authors: Hayta Sadiye , Smedley Mark A. , Clarke Martha , Forner Macarena , Harwood Wendy A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWheat, though a key crop plant with considerable influence on world food security, has nonetheless trailed behind other major cereals in the advancement of gene transformation technology for its improvement. New breeding technologies such as genome editing allow precise DNA manipulation, but their potential is limited by low regeneration efficiencies in tissue culture and the lack of transformable genotypes. We developed, in the hexaploid spring wheat cultivar “Fielder,” a robust, reproducible Agrobacterium tumefaciens–mediated transformation system with transformation efficiencies of up to 33%. The system requires immature embryos as starting material and includes a centrifugation pretreatment before the inoculation with Agrobacterium. This high‐throughput, highly efficient, and repeatable transformation system has been used effectively to introduce genes of interest for overexpression, RNA interference, and CRISPR‐Cas‐based genome editing. With slight modifications reported here, the standard protocol can be applied to the hexaploid wheat “Cadenza” and the tetraploid durum wheat “Kronos” with efficiencies of up to 4% and 10%, respectively. The system has also been employed to assess the developmental gene fusion GRF‐GIF with outstanding results. In our hands, this technology combined with our transformation system improved transformation efficiency to 77.5% in Fielder. This combination should help alleviate the genotype dependence of wheat transformation, allowing new genome‐editing tools to be used directly in more elite wheat varieties. © 2021 The Authors.This article was corrected on 20 July 2022. See the end of the full text for details.Basic Protocol 1: Growing of donor plantsBasic Protocol 2: Transformation of Agrobacterium with vector by electroporationBasic Protocol 3: Starting material collection, sterilization, and embryo inoculationBasic Protocol 4: Selection, regeneration, rooting, and acclimatization of transformants
Chemical Synthesis of Modified Oligonucleotides Containing 5′‐Amino‐5′‐Deoxy‐5′‐Hydroxymethylthymidine Residues
Authors: Ohkubo Akihiro , Muto Kousuke , Watanabe Rintaro , Ogata Daisuke 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroduction of cationic modifications into an oligonucleotide can increase its nuclease resistance and duplex‐ or triplex‐forming abilities. In a recent study, we found that the nuclease resistance and RNA binding selectivity of an oligonucleotide containing a 5′‐(R)‐amino‐5′‐deoxy‐5′‐(R)‐hydroxymethylthymidine residue were greater than those of the unmodified oligonucleotide. In this article, we describe the synthesis of 5′‐amino‐5′‐deoxy‐5′‐hydroxymethylthymidine via dihydroxylation of the 5′‐alkene derivative using either of two commercial AD (asymmetric dehydroxylation) mixes or via epoxidation and ring opening. We also provide detailed protocols for the syntheses of oligonucleotides containing 5′‐amino‐5′‐deoxy‐5′‐hydroxymethylthymidine residues. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.This article was corrected on 25 July 2022. See the end of the full text for details.Basic Protocol 1: Synthesis of 5′‐amino‐5′‐deoxy‐5′‐hydroxymethylthymidine phosphoramidites 9a and 9bBasic Protocol 2: Synthesis of oligonucleotides 1 and 2 containing 5′‐amino‐5′‐deoxy‐5′‐hydoxymethylthymidine residues (RT and ST)
Burrowing by translocated boodie (Bettongia lesueur) populations alters soils but has limited effects on vegetation
Authors: Palmer Bryony J. , Valentine Leonie E. , Lohr Cheryl A. , Daskalova Gergana N. , Hobbs Richard J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDigging and burrowing mammals modify soil resources, creating shelter for other animals and influencing vegetation and soil biota. The use of conservation translocations to reinstate the ecosystem functions of digging and burrowing mammals is becoming more common. However, in an increasingly altered world, the roles of translocated populations, and their importance for other species, may be different. Boodies (Bettongia lesueur), a commonly translocated species in Australia, construct extensive warrens, but how their warrens affect soil properties and vegetation communities is unknown. We investigated soil properties, vegetation communities, and novel ecosystem elements (specifically non‐native flora and fauna) on boodie warrens at three translocation sites widely distributed across the species’ former range. We found that soil moisture and most soil nutrients were higher, and soil compaction was lower, on warrens in all sites and habitat types. In contrast, there were few substantial changes to vegetation species richness, cover, composition, or productivity. In one habitat type, the cover of shrubs less than 1 m tall was greater on warrens than control plots. At the two sites where non‐native plants were present, their cover was greater, and they were more commonly found on boodie warrens compared to control plots. Fourteen species of native mammals and reptiles were recorded using the warrens, but, where they occurred, the scat of the non‐native rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) was also more abundant on the warrens. Together, our results suggest that translocated boodie populations may be benefiting both native and non‐native flora and fauna. Translocated boodies, through the construction of their warrens, substantially alter the sites where they are released, but this does not always reflect their historic ecosystem roles.