bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Management Strategy of Malaria Patients in China: A Decision-Tree Modelling Approach
Authors: Li Gang , Zhang Donglan , Chen Zhuo , Feng Da , Cai Xinyan , Chen Xiaoyu , Tang Shangfeng , Feng Zhanchun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Early accurate diagnosis and risk assessment for malaria are crucial for improving patients’ terminal prognosis, and preventing them from progressing to severe or critical state. This study aims to describe the accuracy of the initial diagnosis of malaria cases with different characteristics, as well as the factors that affect the accuracy in the context of the agenda for a world free of malaria.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 494 patients admitted to hospitals with a diagnosis of malaria from January 2014 through December 2016. Descriptive statistics were calculated and decision tree analysis was performed to predict the probability of patients who may be misdiagnosed.Results: Of the 494 patients included in this study, the proportions of patients seeking care in county-level, prefecture-level, and provincial-level hospitals were 27.5% (n=136), 26.3% (n=130), and 8.3% (n=41), respectively; the proportions of patients seeking care in clinic, township health center, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were 25.9% (n=128), 4.1% (n=20), and 7.9% (n=39), respectively. Nearly 60% of malaria patients were misdiagnosed on their first visit, and 18.8% of patients had complications. The median time from onset to the first visit was 2 days (IQR: 0 - 3 days), and the median time from the first visit to diagnosis was 3 days (IQR: 0 - 4 days). The decision tree classification of malaria patients being misdiagnosed consisted of six categorical variables: healthcare facilities for the initial diagnosis, time interval between onset and initial diagnosis, region, residence type, insurance status, and age.Conclusion: Insufficient diagnostic capacity of healthcare facilities with lower administrative levels for the first visit was the most important risk factor in misdiagnosing patients. Researchers and clinicians should consider strengthening the primary care facilities, time interval between onset and initial diagnosis, administrated residence, and health insurance status to reduce diagnostic errors.
An analysis of the interaction between industrial structure protection, ecological resources and environmental pollution externalities based on PSR model
Authors: Wang dechun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Taking the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin in Hubei Province as the research area, based on the "pressure state response" framework model, the evaluation index system of landscape ecological security in the basin is constructed, and its spatiotemporal change process and characteristics are discussed. The results show that the comprehensive index of landscape ecological security in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is gradually rising, and the area above the middle and high security level accounts for 52% of the total area of the study area. The high safety areas in the basin are mainly concentrated in the areas with good vegetation coverage, such as natural reserves and forestry development areas, whose distribution pattern is opposite to the risk distribution pattern of geomorphic disasters such as landslides, debris flows and soil erosion.
Pure somatic pathogenic variation profiles for patients with serrated polyposis syndrome
Authors: Hidaka Misaki , Iwaizumi Moriya , Taniguchi Terumi , Baba Satoshi , Osawa Satoshi , Sugimoto Ken , Maekawa Masato 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

The serrated pathway is a distinct genetic/epigenetic mechanism of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence in colorectal carcinogenesis. Although many groups have reported the genetic-phenotypic correlation of serrated lesions (SLs), previous studies regarding the serrated pathway were conducted on patients with SLs that have heterogeneous germline genetic backgrounds. We aimed to compare pure somatic genetic profiles among SLs within identical patients with SPS as a homogenous germline background.
Methods

We analysed SLs from one patient with SPS (Case #1) and compared DNA variant profiles using targeted DNA multigene panels via NGS among the patient’s hyperplastic polyp (HP), three sessile serrated lesions (SSLs), and one traditional serrated adenoma (TSA), in addition to leucocytes as a germline variant, and separately analysed three SSLs and one tubular adenoma (TA) within another patient with SPS (Case #2).
Results

In two patients, no germline pathogenic variant was observed, and a known pathogenic variant of BRAF (c.1799T > A, p.Val600Glu) was observed in one TSA and one SSL in Case #1, while three SSLs exhibited the BRAF variant in Case #2. Further, the genetic profile of TA is consistent with the adenoma-carcinoma sequence pathway profile and distinct from that of the other SLs within the same patient with SPS.
Conclusions

These findings of pure somatic genetic variant profiles among SLs with identical germline genetic background support the previous results analysed among SLs with heterogeneous germline genetic backgrounds.
Combined Therapy of Bilateral Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Ocular Occlusion Improves Visual Function in Adults with Amblyopia, a Randomized Pilot Study
Authors: Castillo-Astorga Raul , Valle-Batalla Lucia Del , Mariman Juan Jose , Plaza Ivan , Juricic Maria de los Angeles , Maldonado Pedro Esteban , Vogel Marlene , Flores Romulo Fuentes 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Amblyopia is the interocular visual acuity difference of two lines or more with best correction in both eyes. Ocular occlusion therapy depends on neuroplasticity, and thus is effective in children but not in adult with later diagnoses. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is suggested to increase neuroplasticity. To determine if combined therapy of bilateral tDCS and ocular occlusion improves visual function in adults with amblyopia, we conducted a double blind randomized, controlled pilot trial in volunteers with amblyopia (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05016830). While applying ocular occlusion and performing a reading task, participants received sham bilateral tDCS or bilateral tDCS. Visual function and visual evoked potential were evaluated immediately after. 12 volunteers with amblyopia were randomized, 2 were excluded after misdiagnosis confirmation. A significant increase in visual acuity was observed after stimulation in the bilateral group (n = 5) versus the sham group (n = 5) along with a significant increase in visual evoked potentials amplitude in the amblyopic eye response. No significant changes were observed in stereopsis and contrast sensitivity. No volunteer reported any harm derived from the intervention. Our results suggest that bilateral tDCS might improve visual acuity in amblyopic adults through increasing neuroplasticity, which allows the therapeutic effect of ocular occlusion.
Novel Compound Heterozygous Variants of DYNC2H1 Causing The Short Rib-Polydactyly Syndrome, Type III With Situs Inversus Totalis in a Fetus
Authors: Cheng Chen , Zhao Sheng , Feng Qian , Chen Xinlin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

Short-rib thoracic dysplasia 3 with or without polydactyly (SRTD3) is an autosomal recessive disorder. SRTD3 presents clinically with the narrow thorax, short ribs, shortened tubular bones, and acetabular roof abnormalities. Clinical signs of SRTD3 vary among individuals. Mutations of DYNC2H1 were reported to cause SRTD3.
Methods

We performed a detailed clinical prenatal sonographic characterization of the fetus with SRTD3. Whole-exome sequencing was used to identify causative variants in the trio family. The identified variants were validated by Sanger sequencing and mass spectrometry in the families. Multiple computational tools were used to predict the harmfulness of the two variants.
Results

We presented with the prenatal sonographic image of the fetus with SRTD3, including abnormal rib curvature, narrow thorax, bilateral hypoplastic lungs, bilateral polydactyly, syndactyly and fetal visceral situs inversus with mirror-image dextrocardia. We revealed novel compound variants of DYNC2H1 (NM_001080463.1: c.11504T > G (p.Ile3835Arg) and c.2106 + 3A > T). Various statistical methods predicted that the variants would cause harmful effects on genes or gene products.
Conclusion

It is the first time that fetal SRTD3 with situs inversus totalis in a Chinese family. Our study not only revealed two novel compound heterozygous Dynein Cytoplasmic 2 Heavy Chain 1 (DYNC2H1) variants, expanding the genetic spectrum of SRTD3 but also raising the new phenotype. Our study helps add experience to further our expertise in prenatal counseling for SRTD3.
Efficacy of flumethrin pour on against Haematobia exigua infesting cattle under field conditions
Authors: Anbarasi Periyasamy , Ponnudurai Gurusamy , Senthilvel Kandasamy , Sukumar Kuppannan , Sriniva Palani 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The efficacy of flumethrin 1% pour-on (1% w/v, Flumitas) was evaluated against Haematobia exigua on cattle farms in Namakkal district, Tamil Nadu from November 2019 to February 2020. In this study, five farms, which had fly menace, selected randomly were divided as treatment (F1, F2, F3 and F4) and control (Fc) groups. Flies collected from the farms were identified as Haematobia exigua and a mean pre-treatment intensity was 195.56 ± 14.07. In the treatment groups (F1,F2,F3 and F4) flumethrin 1% pour on was applied to the back of cattle at the rate of 1 ml/10 kg body weight and fly intensity was recorded for a period of 2 months. The fly intensity reduced to zero within 30 minutes of application and the same trend continued till 28 DPT in F2 and F3, while it was effective 35 DPT in F1 and F4. A highly significant difference in the mean H. exigua fly counts between control and treatment group (P < 0.0001) was observed.
Carriage of Streptococcus Pneumoniae In Unvaccinated Toddlers At The Time of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Implementation Into The National Immunization Program In Poland
Authors: Wróbel-Pawelczyk Izabela , Ronkiewicz Patrycja , Wanke-Rytt Monika , Rykowska Dominika , Górska-Kot Aneta , Włodkowska Katarzyna , Topczewska-Cabanek Agnieszka , Jackowska Teresa , Chruszcz Joanna , Marchut Walentyna , Mastalerz-Migas Agnieszka , Korzeniewski Krzysztof , Skoczyńska Anna , Trzciński Krzysztof 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We investigated pneumococcal carriage among unvaccinated children under five years of age at the time of conjugate polysaccharide vaccine (PCV) introduction into the national immunization program (NIP). Paired nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) and saliva samples collected between 2016 and 2020 from n=394 children were tested with conventional culture and using qPCR. The carriage rate detected by culture was 25.4% (97 of 394), by qPCR 39.1% (155 of 394), and 40.1% (158 of 394) overall. The risk of carriage was significantly elevated among day care center attendees, and during autumn/winter months. Among strains cultured, the most common serotypes were: 23A, 6B, 15BC, 10A, 11A. The coverage of PCV10 and PCV13 was 23.2% (23 of 99) and 26.3% (26 of 99), respectively. Application of qPCR lead to detection of 168 serotype carriage events, with serogroups 15, 6, 9 and serotype 23A most commonly detected. Although the highest number of carriers was identified by testing NPS with qPCR, saliva significantly contributed to the overall number of detected carriers. Co-carriage of multiple serotypes was detected in 25.3% (40 of 158) of carriers. Results of this study represent a baseline for the future surveillance of effects of pneumococcal vaccines in NIP in Poland.
Caffeine Increases Performance and Leads to a Cardioprotective Effect During Intense Exercise in Cyclists: a Randomized, Double-blind, Crossover, Placebo-controlled Study
Authors: Sampaio-Jorge Felipe , Morales Anderson Pontes , de Paula Rafael Pereira , Barth Thiago , Ribeiro Beatriz Gonçalves 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the effects of different caffeine dietary strategies to compare the impact on athletic performance and cardiac autonomic response. The order of the supplementation was randomly assigned: placebo(4-day)-placebo(acute)/PP, placebo(4-day)-caffeine(acute)/PC and caffeine(4-day)-caffeine(acute)/CC. Fourteen male recreationally-trained cyclists ingested capsules containing either placebo or caffeine (6 mg∙kg − 1) for 4 days. On day 5 (acute), capsules containing placebo or caffeine (6 mg∙kg − 1) were ingested 60 min before completing a 16km time-trial. CC and PC showed improvements in time (CC vs PP, Δ -39.3 s and PC vs PP, Δ -43.4 s; p = 0.00; ƞ2=0.33) and in output power (CC vs PP, Δ 5.55 w and PC vs PP, Δ 6.17 w; p = 0.00; ƞ2=0.30). At the final of the time-trial, CC and PC exhibited greater parasympathetic modulation (vagal tone) when compared to the PP condition (p < 0.00; ƞ2=0.92). Our study provided evidence that acute caffeine intake (6 mg∙kg − 1) increased performance and demonstrated a relevant cardioprotective effect, through increased vagal tone.
An Efficient Chemical-Defined Condition for Generation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Jinhong Xu , Shi Fang , Naweng Wang , Bo Li , Yongheng Huang , Qi Fan , Jingyi Shi , Huihui Liu , zhicheng shao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) hold great potential in disease modeling, drug screening and cell therapy. However, efficiency and costs of hiPSCs preparation still need to be improved.Methods: We screened the compounds that target signaling pathways, epigenetic modifications or metabolic-process regulation to replace the growth factors. After small molecules treatment, TRA-1-60 staining was performed to quantify the efficiency of somatic cell reprogramming. Next, small molecule cocktail induced ESCs or iPSCs were examined with pluripotent markers expression. Finally, Genome-wide gene expression profile was then analyzed by RNA-seq to illustrate the mechanism of human somatic cell reprogramming. Result: Here, we found that a dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase inhibitor ID-8 robustly enhanced human somatic cell reprogramming by upregulation of PDK4 and activation of glycolysis. Furthermore, we identified a novel growth-factor-free hiPSC generation system using small molecules ID-8/Kartogenin (IK). Finally, we developed IK medium combined with Low-dose bFGF to support the long-term expansion of human pluripotent stem cells. IK-iPSCs showed pluripotency and normal karyotype. Conclusions: Our studies may provide a novel growth-factor-free culture system to facilitate the generation of hiPSCs for multiple application in regenerative medicine.
Preventive Effect of Lactobacillus Plantarum HFY15 on Oxidative Damage and Acute Liver Injury Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) in Mice
Authors: Long Xingyao , Wang Pan , Zhou Yujing , Wang Qiang , Ren Lixuan , Tan Fang , Zhao Xin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCarbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a widely used hepatic toxin that causes acute liver injury through pathological mechanisms such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. In this experiment, mice were treated with Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) HFY15, silymarin, and Lactobacillus delbruechii subsp. bulgaricus (LDSB) for two weeks, and intraperitoneal injection of CCl4-induced acute liver injury to study the preventive effect of LP-HFY on CCl4-induced acute liver injury, especially in oxidative damage. ResultsThe survival rate of LP-HFY15 in artificial gastric juice is 92.1%, and the growth efficiency in bile salt is 78.8%. Animal experiments show that LP-HFY15 reduces the liver index of mice, reduces the activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), the content of triglycerides (TG), malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the serum of mice. LP-HFY15 also increased the antioxidant genes, such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase (HO-1), NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), and increases the activity of superoxide dismutation (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) in the serum and gene level. At the same time, LP-HFY15 reduced the levels of cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in the serum and liver, increased antiapoptosis gene B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) expression in the liver of mice, and inhibit the expression of proapoptotic genes Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) and Caspase-3. ConclusionsCompared with LDSB, LP-HFY15 has a greater alleviating effect on the liver injury caused by CCl4. These findings demonstrate that LP-HFY15 has great potential and research value in the future as a food supplement for preventing acute liver damage.
An Approach to Cellular Tropism of SARS-Cov-2 Through Protein-Protein Interaction and Enrichment Analysis
Authors: Ortega-Bernal Daniel , Zarate Selene , Cárdenas Maria de los Ángeles , Bojalil Rafael 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a primarily pulmonary disease that can affect several organs, directly or indirectly. To date, there are many questions about the different pathological mechanisms. Here, we generate an approach to identify the cellular-level tropism of SARS-CoV-2 using human proteomics, virus-host interactions, and enrichment analysis. Through a network-based approach, the molecular context was visualized and analyzed. This procedure was also performed for SARS-CoV-1. We obtained proteomes and interactomes from 145 different cells corresponding to 57 different tissues. Not all cells had proteins such as ACE2 or TMPRSS2 (among others), so they were discarded. Of the remaining cells, a gradient of susceptibility to infection was observed. In addition, proteins associated with the coagulation cascade that can be directly or indirectly sequestered by viral proteins were identified. We have identified 55 potential cells that can be "cracked" with different susceptibilities. One of the main results being pneumocytes, as well as heart, kidney, liver, or small intestine. We also report how the coagulation cascade can be affected by SASR-CoV-2 infection. These results help us to explain the molecular context and provide elements for possible treatments in the current situation.
Encoding In Social Context Enhances And Biases Long-Term Recognition Memory: Behavioral And Electrophysiological Evidence
Authors: Schindler Sebastian , Vormbrock Ria , Kissler Johanna 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Encoding often occurs in social contexts, yet research has hardly addressed their role in verbal memory. In three experiments, we investigated the behavioral and neural effects of encoding context on memory for positive, negative, and neutral adjectives, contrasting a social-feedback group (N=24) with an explicit verbal-learning (N=24) and a levels-of-processing group (N=24). Participants in the social-feedback group were not aware of a recognition session one week later, but their memory was better than the explicit learning or the levels-of-processing groups’. However, they also exhibited the strongest response bias, particularly for positive words. Brain event-related potentials (ERPs) revealed largest early negativities (EPN) and late positivities (LPP) in the social-feedback group. Only in the subsequent slow-wave did the explicit learning group show higher amplitudes than the other two groups, suggesting reliance on strategic rather than automatic processes. Still, context-driven incidental encoding outweighed explicit instructions, specifying a decisive role of social factors in memory.
DNA Damage and Repair and Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 55 Case- Control Studies
Authors: Wu Hui-Chen , Kehm Rebecca , Santella Regina M. , Brenner David , Terry Mary Beth 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
DNA repair phenotype can be measured in blood and may be a potential biomarker of cancer risk. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies of DNA repair phenotype and cancer through March 2021. We used random-effects models to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs) of cancer risk for those with the lowest DNA repair capacity compared with those with the highest capacity. We included 55 case-control studies that evaluated 12 different cancers using 10 different DNA repair assays. The pooled OR of cancer risk (all cancer types combined) was 2.92 (95% Confidence Interval (CI)= 2.49, 3.43) for the lowest DNA repair. Lower DNA repair was associated with all studied cancer types, and pooled ORs (95% CI) ranged from 2.02 (1.43, 2.85) for skin cancer to 7.60 (3.26, 17.72) for hepatocellular carcinoma. All assays, except the homologous recombination repair, showed statistically significant associations with cancers. The effect size ranged from 1.90 (1.00, 3.60) for ETOP-induced double strand break assay to 5.06 (3.67, 6.99) for γ-H2AX. The consistency and strength of the associations supports the use of these phenotypic biomarkers; however large-scale prospective studies will be important for understanding the use of this biomarker related to age and screening initiation.
Unilaterally Disrupted Structural and Functional Connectivity of The Fronto-Iimbic System In Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism
Authors: Cao Jibin , Cui Lingling , Yin Zhiyang , Chen Boyu , Liu Hu , Chang Miao , Li Chao , Fan Guoguang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is rare and can either be associated with normal or defective olfactory sensation, classified as normosmic IHH (nIHH) or Kallmann’s syndrome (KS), respectively. We do not yet understand the central processing pathways in the olfactory system, especially regarding these disorders. We aimed to compare the resting-state structural and functional connectivity (FC) of olfactory neural pathways in patients with nIHH and KS.Methods: A total of 50 males were studied: 13 nIHH patients, 12 KS patients, and 25 healthy controls (HCs). All subjects underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans. Structural and functional connectivity data analyses were then performed.Results: The results indicated that fractional anisotropy (FA) was significantly decreased in the right uncinate fasciculus (UF) in the KS group. The olfactory cortex FC values of the right gyrus rectus and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in the KS group were decreased compared with those in the HC group and increased compared with those in the nIHH group (nIHH< KS <HC). Moreover, there were significant negative correlations between right UF FA and olfactory cortex FC to both the gyrus rectus and OFC within the nIHH and HC groups.Conclusion: We have reported significant structural and functional disruptions unilaterally at the right junction of the fronto-limbic system in KS patients. The results may indicate that a specific structural-functional asymmetry exists in the olfactory cortex pathways in KS patients.