bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The future of physics teaching: Features of the new Hungarian National Core Curriculum and curriculum frameworks
Authors: Egri Sándor , Horányi Gábor , Ádám Péter 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The new Hungarian National Core Curriculum was announced in January 2020, and the curriculum frameworks became available soon after. The authors took part in the development of the curriculum of physics. In this communication we present the main features of these new curricula. The learning outcomes of the core curriculum, the learning contents and the arrangement of the topics in the frameworks have been renewed in order to promote a more efficient way of physics teaching. The curriculum relies on the methods of active and phenomenon-based learning, it includes up-to-date contents, focuses more on practical topics, and follows the principles formulated by the OECD.
Experimental set-ups using microcontrollers and sensors realized by students to be used in Physics lessons
Authors: Farcas Lidia Cerasela , Caltun Ovidiu Florin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Due to the rapid pace of development of new technologies, technology can be a hopeful ally in many areas, including education. By using new progress science classes can thus be more attractive. Experiments with classic and outdated devices are not exciting for students but can now be replaced by modern devices based on sensors, actuators and microcontrollers. The paper describes how can be find solutions for experimental physics devices using in vocational education sensors, microcontrollers, actuators, etc. New technologies into the learning process can be a factor of inspiration and motivation for students embrace a career in STEM.
Investigation of first-year university students’ performance
Authors: Wiener C , Radnai T , Tasnádi P 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The students enrolled in introductory physics courses at Loránd Eötvös University (ELTE) are tested with the Mechanics Baseline Test (MBT) since 2016. It is used as a pre-test at the beginning of the first semester and as a post-test at the beginning of the second one. In this study, an account is given about the newest results of the test and about our endeavor to make introductory courses more effective. Therefore, the effect of the size of the study group, the reduction of curriculum and motivation on students’ performance were investigated. The preliminary results show that smaller groups are more efficient, and the reduction of the curriculum does not play a major role in the possession of the knowledge concerned. Conversely, the motivation of the students increases the understanding of concepts and therefore, the performance at MBT.
Measurement of the ionization response of amorphous selenium with 122 keV γ rays
Authors: Li X. , Chavarria A.E. , Bogdanovich S. , Galbiati C. , Piers A. , Polischuk B. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We performed a measurement of the ionization response of 200 μm-thick amorphous selenium (aSe) layers under drift electric fields of up to 50 V/μm.
The aSe target was exposed to ionizing radiation from a 57Co radioactive source and the ionization pulses were recorded with high resolution.
Using the spectral line from the photoabsorption of 122 keV γ rays, we measured the charge yield in aSe and the line width as a function of drift electric field.
From a detailed microphysics simulation of charge generation and recombination in aSe, we conclude that the strong dependence of recombination on the ionization track density provides the dominant contribution to the energy resolution in aSe.
These results provide valuable input to estimate the sensitivity of a proposed next-generation search for the neutrinoless ββ decay of 82Se that aims to employ imaging sensors with an active layer of aSe.
We estimate the RMS line width of the integrated ionization signal from neutrinoless ββ decay events (of deposited energy 3.0 MeV) to be 2.0% for a drift field of 50 V/μm.
The energy resolution can be improved to 1% by correcting for the charge yield as a function of ionization density along the imaged electron tracks.
Comparative study of Single Crystal (SC)-Diamond and 4H-SiC bulk radiation detectors for room temperature alpha spectroscopy
Authors: Mohapatra S. , Abhangi M. , Vala S. , Kumar Sahu P. , Rath S. , Narasimha Murty N.V.L. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this work, the fabrication, electrical characterization
and alpha spectral characterization of single-crystal (SC) diamond
bulk radiation detector have been carried out. The performance
metrics of the SC-diamond bulk detector such as the leakage current
density, charge collection efficiency, spectral resolution and
polarization effects are studied and are compared with a bulk
detector fabricated using High-Pure Semi-Insulating (HPSI)
4H-SiC. It is found that the SC-diamond detector exhibits lower
leakage current density, higher μτ product, better spectral
resolution and no polarization effects in comparison to the HPSI
4H-SiC detector. The time response analysis of the SC-diamond
detector is carried out to study the effect of alpha particles on
the operation of the SC-diamond detector. Accordingly, the stability
of the SC-diamond detector is tested by evaluating the total counts
versus real time and the performance of the diamond detector is
found to be stable during the alpha-time spectroscopy. Hence,
diamond bulk detectors using commercially available electronic grade
diamond may be better suited for alpha particle spectroscopy
compared to HPSI 4H-SiC of nearly equivalent thickness.
Quantifying nitrogen loss hotspots and mitigation potential for individual fields in the US Corn Belt with a metamodeling approach
Authors: Kim Taegon , Jin Zhenong , Smith Timothy M , Liu Licheng , Yang Yufeng , Yang Yi , Peng Bin , Phillips Kathryn , Guan Kaiyu , Hunter Luyi C , Zhou Wang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The high productivity in the US Corn Belt is largely enabled by the consumption of millions of tons of manufactured fertilizer. Excessive application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer has been pervasive in this region, and the unrecovered N eventually escaped from croplands in forms of nitrous oxide (N2O) emission and N leaching. Mitigating these negative impacts is hindered by a lack of practical information on where to focus and how much mitigation potential to expect. At a large scale, process-based crop models are the primary tools for predicting variables required by decision making, but their applications are prohibited by expensive computational and data storage costs. To overcome these challenges, we built a series of metamodels to learn the key mechanisms regarding the carbon (C) and N cycle from a well-validated process-based biogeochemical model, ecosys. The trained metamodel captures over 98% of the variability of the ecosys simulated outputs for 99 randomly selected counties in Iowa, Illinois, and Indiana. To identify hotspots with high mitigation potential, we introduce net societal benefit (NSB) as an indicator for synthesizing the loss in yield and social benefits through emissions and pollutants avoided. Our results show that reducing N fertilizer by 10% leads to 9.8% less N2O emissions and 9.6% less N leaching at the cost of 4.9% more SOC depletion and 0.6% yield reduction over the study region. The estimated total annual NSB is $395 M (uncertainty ranges from $114 M to $1271 M), including $334 from social benefits (uncertainty ranges from $46 M to $1076 M), $100 M from saving fertilizer (uncertainty ranges from $13 M to $455 M), and −$40 M due to yield changes (uncertainty ranges from −$261 M to $69 M). For the median scenario, we noted that 20% of the study area accounts for nearly 50% of the NSB, and thus represent hotspot locations for targeted mitigation. Although the uncertainty range suggests that developing such a high-resolution framework is not yet settled and the scenario based estimations are not appropriate to inform the management practices for individual farmers, our efforts shed light on the new generation of analytical tools for life cycle assessment.
Quantitation of Cabozantinib in Human Plasma by LC–MS/MS
Authors: Jones Reyna , Holleran Julianne , Parise Robert A , Rudek Michelle A , Chan Jennifer , Wen Yujia , Gobburu Joga , Lewis Lionel D , Beumer Jan H 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
To support a phase III randomized trial of the multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor cabozantinib in neuroendocrine tumors, we developed a high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method to quantitate cabozantinib in 50 μL of human plasma. After acetonitrile protein precipitation, chromatographic separation was achieved with a Phenomenex synergy polar reverse phase (4 μm, 2 × 50 mm) column and a gradient of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water over a 5-min run time. Detection was performed on a Quattromicro quadrupole mass spectrometer with electrospray, positive-mode ionization. The assay was linear over the concentration range 50–5000 ng/mL and proved to be accurate (103.4–105.4%) and precise (&lt;5.0%CV). Hemolysis (10% RBC) and use of heparin as anticoagulant did not impact quantitation. Recovery from plasma varied between 103.0–107.7% and matrix effect was −47.5 to −41.3%. Plasma freeze–thaw stability (97.7–104.9%), stability for 3 months at −80°C (103.4–111.4%), and stability for 4 h at room temperature (100.1–104.9%) were all acceptable. Incurred sample reanalysis of (N = 64) passed: 100% samples within 20% difference, −0.7% median difference and 1.1% median absolute difference. External validation showed a bias of less than 1.1%. This assay will help further define the clinical pharmacokinetics of cabozantinib.
Staying-at-Home with Tragedy: Self-expansion Through Narratives Promotes Positive Coping with Identity Threat
Authors: Khoo Guan-Soon , Oh Jeeyun , Nah Soya 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic created a historic opportunity to study the link between identity threat and individuals’ temporary expansion of the boundaries of the self (TEBOTS) through stories. Concurrently, the relationship between eudaimonic entertainment processes and self-expansion, particularly feeling moved and self-awareness, was examined. A quasi-experiment was conducted with an online sample (N = 172) that was randomly assigned to watch either a tragic drama or comedy. Results showed that key TEBOTS predictions were largely confirmed for boundary expansion and the outcomes of narrative engagement and entertainment gratifications. Although identity threat was negatively associated with positive coping with the pandemic, this relationship turned positive when mediated by boundary expansion. Further, exposure to tragedy raised feelings of “being moved,” which, in turn, was linked to self-perceptual depth and expanded boundaries of the self downstream. The present findings suggest that self-expansion through story consumption could benefit viewers’ positive reframing of challenging life experiences.
Coordinated pyruvate kinase activity is crucial for metabolic adaptation and cell survival during mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Zhou Xiaoshan , Mikaeloff Flora , Curbo Sophie , Zhao Qian , Kuiper Raoul , Végvári Ákos , Neogi Ujjwal , Karlsson Anna 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Deoxyguanosine kinase (DGUOK) deficiency causes mtDNA depletion and mitochondrial dysfunction. We reported long survival of DGUOK knockout (Dguok−/−) mice despite low (&lt;5%) mtDNA content in liver tissue. However, the molecular mechanisms enabling the extended survival remain unknown. Using transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics followed by in vitro assays, we aimed to identify the molecular pathways involved in the extended survival of the Dguok−/− mice. At the early stage, the serine synthesis and folate cycle were activated but declined later. Increased activity of the mitochondrial citric acid cycle (TCA cycle) and the urea cycle and degradation of branched chain amino acids were hallmarks of the extended lifespan in DGUOK deficiency. Furthermore, the increased synthesis of TCA cycle intermediates was supported by coordination of two pyruvate kinase genes, PKLR and PKM, indicating a central coordinating role of pyruvate kinases to support the long-term survival in mitochondrial dysfunction.
Gallstone extraction from a back abscess resulting from spilled gallstones during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a case report
Authors: Mehmood Saqib , Singh Sohail , Igwe Chukwuemeka , Obasi Chekwas O , Thomas Rhys L 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a routinely performed surgery nowadays. However, it is associated with certain complications. Gall bladder perforation during the procedure can result in spilled and lost gallstones. Lost gallstones most commonly cause intra-abdominal infection. However, very rarely, they can be associated with troublesome retroperitoneal abscess formation. We present a case where a lost gallstone caused a retroperitoneal abscess formation and was retrieved from a back abscess in the right paraspinal region.
Selection on Phalanx Development in the Evolution of the Bird Wing
Authors: de Bakker Merijn A G , van der Vos Wessel , de Jager Kaylah , Chung Wing Yu , Fowler Donald A , Dondorp Esther , Spiekman Stephan N F , Chew Keng Yih , Xie Bing , Jiménez Rafael , Bickelmann Constanze , Kuratani Shigeru , Blazek Radim , Kondrashov Peter , Renfree Marilyn B , Richardson Michael K 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The frameshift hypothesis is a widely accepted model of bird wing evolution. This hypothesis postulates a shift in positional values, or molecular-developmental identity, that caused a change in digit phenotype. The hypothesis synthesized developmental and paleontological data on wing digit homology. The “most anterior digit” (MAD) hypothesis presents an alternative view based on changes in transcriptional regulation in the limb. The molecular evidence for both hypotheses is that the MAD expresses Hoxd13 but not Hoxd11 and Hoxd12. This digit I “signature” is thought to characterize all amniotes. Here, we studied Hoxd expression patterns in a phylogenetic sample of 18 amniotes. Instead of a conserved molecular signature in digit I, we find wide variation of Hoxd11, Hoxd12, and Hoxd13 expression in digit I. Patterns of apoptosis, and Sox9 expression, a marker of the phalanx-forming region, suggest that phalanges were lost from wing digit IV because of early arrest of the phalanx-forming region followed by cell death. Finally, we show that multiple amniote lineages lost phalanges with no frameshift. Our findings suggest that the bird wing evolved by targeted loss of phalanges under selection. Consistent with our view, some recent phylogenies based on dinosaur fossils eliminate the need to postulate a frameshift in the first place. We suggest that the phenotype of the Archaeopteryx lithographica wing is also consistent with phalanx loss. More broadly, our results support a gradualist model of evolution based on tinkering with developmental gene expression.
Reliability of the AR-CALUX®In Vitro Method Used to Detect Chemicals with (Anti)Androgen Activity: Results of an International Ring Trial
Authors: Milcamps Anne , Liska Roman , Langezaal Ingrid , Casey Warren , Dent Matthew , Odum Jenny 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The AR-CALUX® in vitro method is a reporter gene-based transactivation method where endocrine active chemicals with androgenic or anti-androgenic potential can be detected. Its primary purpose is for screening chemicals for further prioritization and providing mechanistic (endocrine mode of action) information, as defined by the Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) conceptual framework for the testing and assessment of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. This article describes the conduct and results of an international ring trial with 3 EU-NETVAL laboratories and the test method developer. It was organized by EURL ECVAM to validate the method by testing 46 chemicals. A very good reproducibility within and between laboratories was concluded (94.7–100% and 100% concordance of classification) with low within and between laboratory variability (less than 2.5% CV on EC50 values). Moreover, the variability is within the range of other validated, mechanistically similar methods. In comparison to the AR-reference list compiled by ICCVAM, an almost 100% concordance of classifications was obtained. This method allows the detection of the agonist and antagonist properties of a chemical. A specificity control test was developed during the validation study and added to the antagonist assay rendering the assay more specific. A comparison is made with the mechanistically similar methods AR-EcoScreen™ and 22Rv1/MMTV GR-KO TA. The AR-CALUX® method was approved for inclusion in the recently updated OECD test guideline TG458 which incorporates all 3 methods.
Endosomal lipids in trafficking and signaling
Authors: Gruenberg Jean 
Published: June 2021

During endocytosis, cell surface components including housekeeping receptors and activated signaling receptors are delivered to early endosomes, where they are sorted to be either reutilized via recycling pathways or transported towards late endosomes and then lysosomes for degradation. In the latter case, down‐regulated receptors and other molecules destined for the lysosomes are incorporated into lumenal invaginations of the early endosome membrane, which are pinched off as free cargo‐containing vesicles. These multivesicular regions detach and become multivesicular endosomes, which are transported to and fuse with late endosomes. Eventually, intralumenal vesicles (ILVs) and their cargo are delivered to lysosomes and degraded. Alternatively, ILVs can also be released extracellularly as exosomes, upon fusion of multivesicular endosomes with the plasma membrane. Low‐density lipoproteins (LDL) that have been endocytosed are eventually delivered to multivesicular late endosomes. There, cholesteryl esters are deesterified so that free cholesterol can be released and exported to other cellular destinations. The export mechanisms remain ill defined, but it is clear that disruption of the process has profound consequences for cellular sterol homeostasis and can result in the neurodegenerative disease Niemann‐Pick C (NPC). Our previous studies suggest that the fate of LDL‐derived cholesterol is linked to the unconventional phospholipid lysobisphosphatidic acid (LBPA) that is abundant in late endosome intralumenal membranes, since interfering with LBPA functions phenocopies NPC at the cellular level. Our approaches to study the mechanisms of ILV formation and endosomal cholesterol transport will be discussed, including biochemical strategies and unbiased high content image‐based screens.Support or Funding InformationSwiss National Science Foundation; Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research Chemical Biology; LipidX from the Swiss SystemsX.ch initiativeThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Complex interplay of kinetic factors governs the synergistic properties of HIV‐1 entry inhibitors
Authors: Ahn Koree , Root Michael 
Published: June 2021

The homotrimeric HIV‐1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) undergoes receptor‐triggered structural changes that mediate viral entry through membrane fusion. This process is inhibited by chemokine receptor antagonists (CoRAs) that block Env–receptor interactions and by fusion inhibitors (FIs) that disrupt Env conformational transitions. Synergy between CoRAs and FIs has been attributed to a CoRA‐dependent decrease in the rate of viral membrane fusion that extends the lifetime of the intermediate state targeted by FIs. Here, we demonstrated that the magnitude of CoRA/FI synergy unexpectedly depends on FI‐binding affinity and the stoichiometry of chemokine receptor binding to trimeric Env. For C‐peptide FIs (clinically represented by enfuvirtide), synergy waned as binding strength decreased until inhibitor combinations behaved additively. Curiously, this affinity dependence on synergy was absent for 5‐Helix‐type FIs. We linked this complex behavior to the CoRA dependence of Env deactivation following FI binding. For both FI classes, reducing chemokine receptor levels on target cells or eliminating competent chemokine receptor‐binding sites on Env trimers resulted in a loss of synergistic activity. These data imply that the stoichiometry required for CoRA/FI synergy exceeds that required for HIV‐1 entry. Our analysis suggests two distinct roles for chemokine receptor binding, one to trigger formation of the FI‐sensitive intermediate state and another to facilitate subsequent conformational transitions. Together, our results could explain the wide variety of previously reported activities for CoRA/FI combinations. These findings also have implications for the combined use of CoRAs and FIs in antiviral therapies and point to a multifaceted role for chemokine receptor binding in promoting HIV‐1 entry.Support or Funding InformationR01 GM066682 to MJRThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Six2 regulates palate development by inhibiting palatal bone formation during development
Authors: Sweat Yan Yan , Sweat Mason , Mansaray Maurisa , Saadi Irfan , Lachke Salil , Butali Azeez , Amendt Brad 
Published: June 2021

Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) is the most common congenital craniofacial defect, with a frequency of 1 in 500 to 1 in 2500 live births depending on the population, and lifelong care can cost more than $100,000. In mice, secondary palate development occurs from E11.5 to E17.5, and consists of outgrowth, elevation, extension and fusion processes. At any stage during palatogenesis, the disruption of these processes could cause cleft palate, and these processes are all regulated in part by palatal mesenchyme.ObjectiveTo examine Six2, a transcription factor previously shown to play a role in craniofacial and kidney development, for a role in clefting predicted by the SYSFACE tool.MethodsSix2 knockout mice were generated and examined for clefting at different embryonic stages and P0 and craniofacial developmental defects.ResultsWe demonstrate that ablation of Six2 contributes to palatogenesis. We have characterized the clefting phenotype in Six2−/− embryos, demonstrating that the palate shelves fail to extend to the midline and contain premature ossified tissue compared to wild‐type (WT) littermates. The expression of Runx2 and its target Osx were higher in Six2−/− palates and surrounding maxilla with cleft than in control littermates. Histochemistry and immunohistochemistry experiments demonstrate premature ossification by specific cells in the Six2−/− palate.ConclusionsSix2 is a regulator of palate development and it acts by negatively regulating the ossification of palatal mesenchyme. In Six2−/− mice, ectopic ossification prevents the extension of the palate shelves causing cleft.Support or Funding InformationThe University of Iowa, College of DentistryThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.