bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obesity reduces the anticancer effect of AdipoRon against orthotopic pancreatic cancer in diet-induced obese mice
Authors: Takenaga Keizo , Akimoto Miho , Koshikawa Nobuko , Nagase Hiroki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe antidiabetic adiponectin receptor agonist AdipoRon has been shown to suppress the tumour growth of human pancreatic cancer cells. Because obesity and diabetes affect pancreatic cancer progression and chemoresistance, we investigated the effect of AdipoRon on orthotopic tumour growth of Panc02 pancreatic cancer cells in DIO (diet-induced obese) prediabetic mice. Administration of AdipoRon into DIO mice fed high-fat diets, in which prediabetic conditions were alleviated to some extent, did not reduce either body weight or tumour growth. However, when the DIO mice were fed low-fat diets, body weight and the blood leptin level gradually decreased, and importantly, AdipoRon became effective in suppressing tumour growth, which was accompanied by increases in necrotic areas and decreases in Ki67-positive cells and tumour microvessels. AdipoRon inhibited cell growth and induced necrotic cell death of Panc02 cells and suppressed angiogenesis of endothelial MSS31 cells. Insulin and IGF-1 only slightly reversed the AdipoRon-induced suppression of Panc02 cell survival but had no effect on the AdipoRon-induced suppression of MSS31 cell angiogenesis. Leptin significantly ameliorated AdipoRon-induced suppression of angiogenesis through inhibition of ERK1/2 activation. These results suggest that obesity-associated factors weaken the anticancer effect of AdipoRon, which indicates the importance of weight loss in combating pancreatic cancer.
Wave discrimination at C-band frequencies in microstrip structures inspired by electromagnetically induced transparency
Authors: Jabbar Abdul , Ramzan Rashad , Siddiqui Omar , Amin Muhammad , Tahir Farooq A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe present the design and practical implementation of a microstrip diplexer based on the wave discrimination property associated with the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like effect. The EIT is a quantum interference phenomenon which happens between two atomic transition pathways and allows wave propagation within a medium’s absorption spectrum. Here, we exploit an analogous interference mechanism in a three-port microstrip structure to demonstrate a diplexer based on the EIT-like effect in the microwave regime. Since the transparency is accompanied by a high transmission and strong dispersion characteristics, compact frequency discriminating structures that can resolve nearby frequencies with high isolation can be devised. Our proposed C-band diplexer consists of pairs of unequal open-circuit stubs, which resonate at detuned frequencies and interfere to form the EIT-like passbands for diplexer action. The design is highly compact and scalable in frequency for both PCB and on-chip applications. A prototype of diplexer is fabricated for the center frequencies of lower and upper passbands at 4.6 GHz and 5.5 GHz respectively. The transmission zeros are designed at the complementary channels so that the two passbands are highly isolated presenting the isolation of about 40 dB. The measured insertion loss of lower and upper passband is 0.59 dB and 0.61 dB respectively. Measured input return loss is better than − 15 dB, while the output return losses are well below − 12 dB. Moreover, a decent value of about 200 is achieved for the group refractive index around the EIT-like passbands, which reveals the slow wave characteristics of the proposed EIT-based diplexer.
Study of gadolinium substitution effects in hexagonal yttrium manganite YMnO3
Authors: Karoblis Dovydas , Zarkov Aleksej , Garskaite Edita , Mazeika Kestutis , Baltrunas Dalis , Niaura Gediminas , Beganskiene Aldona , Kareiva Aivaras 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the present work, gadolinium substitution effects on the properties of yttrium manganite YxGd1−xMn0.97Fe0.03O3 (x from 0 to 1 with a step of 0.2) synthesized by an aqueous sol–gel method have been investigated. Partial substitution of Mn3+ by 57Fe3+ in the manganite was also performed in order to investigate deeper the structural properties of synthesized compounds applying Mössbauer spectroscopy. It was demonstrated that substitution of Y3+ by Gd3+ ions leads to the changes of structural, magnetic and morphological properties of investigated system. The crystal structure gradually transformed from hexagonal to orthorhombic with an increase of Gd3+ content in the crystal lattice. The mixed phase was obtained when x = 0.6, whereas other compounds were determined to be monophasic. Magnetization measurements revealed paramagnetic behavior of all specimens, however magnetization values were found to be dependent on chemical composition of the samples. Solid solutions with orthorhombic structure revealed higher magnetization values compared to those of hexagonal samples. The highest magnetization was observed for pure GdMn0.97Fe0.03O3. Structural properties were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer, FTIR and Raman spectroscopies. Morphological features of the synthesized specimens were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Aggregation of cohorts for histopathological diagnosis with deep morphological analysis
Authors: Park Jeonghyuk , Chung Yul Ri , Kong Seo Taek , Kim Yeong Won , Park Hyunho , Kim Kyungdoc , Kim Dong-Il , Jung Kyu-Hwan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThere have been substantial efforts in using deep learning (DL) to diagnose cancer from digital images of pathology slides. Existing algorithms typically operate by training deep neural networks either specialized in specific cohorts or an aggregate of all cohorts when there are only a few images available for the target cohort. A trade-off between decreasing the number of models and their cancer detection performance was evident in our experiments with The Cancer Genomic Atlas dataset, with the former approach achieving higher performance at the cost of having to acquire large datasets from the cohort of interest. Constructing annotated datasets for individual cohorts is extremely time-consuming, with the acquisition cost of such datasets growing linearly with the number of cohorts. Another issue associated with developing cohort-specific models is the difficulty of maintenance: all cohort-specific models may need to be adjusted when a new DL algorithm is to be used, where training even a single model may require a non-negligible amount of computation, or when more data is added to some cohorts. In resolving the sub-optimal behavior of a universal cancer detection model trained on an aggregate of cohorts, we investigated how cohorts can be grouped to augment a dataset without increasing the number of models linearly with the number of cohorts. This study introduces several metrics which measure the morphological similarities between cohort pairs and demonstrates how the metrics can be used to control the trade-off between performance and the number of models.
Five patients with disorders of calcium metabolism presented with GCM2 gene variants
Authors: García-Castaño Alejandro , Madariaga Leire , Gómez-Conde Sara , Cordo Carmen Lourdes Rey , López-Iglesias María , Garcia-Fernández Yolanda , Martín Alicia , González Pedro , Goicolea Ignacio , de Nanclares Gustavo Pérez , De la Hoz Ana Belén , Aguayo Aníbal , de LaPiscina Idoia Martínez , Martínez Rosa , Saso Laura , Urrutia Inés , Velasco Olaia , Castaño Luis , Gaztambide Sonia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe GCM2 gene encodes a transcription factor predominantly expressed in parathyroid cells that is known to be critical for development, proliferation and maintenance of the parathyroid cells. A cohort of 127 Spanish patients with a disorder of calcium metabolism were screened for mutations by Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). A targeted panel for disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism was designed to include 65 genes associated with these disorders. We observed two variants of uncertain significance (p.(Ser487Phe) and p.Asn315Asp), one likely pathogenic (p.Val382Met) and one benign variant (p.Ala393_Gln395dup) in the GCM2 gene in the heterozygous state in five families (two index cases had hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism, respectively, and three index cases had primary hyperparathyroidism). Our study shows the utility of NGS in unravelling the genetic origin of some disorders of the calcium and phosphorus metabolism, and confirms the GCM2 gene as an important element for the maintenance of calcium homeostasis. Importantly, a novel variant in the GCM2 gene (p.(Ser487Phe)) has been found in a patient with hypocalcemia.
Macrophage and adipocyte interaction as a source of inflammation in kidney disease
Authors: Martos-Rus Cristina , Katz-Greenberg Goni , Lin Zhao , Serrano Eurico , Whitaker-Menezes Diana , Domingo-Vidal Marina , Roche Megan , Ramaswamy Kavitha , Hooper Douglas C. , Falkner Bonita , Martinez Cantarin Maria P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn obesity, adipose tissue derived inflammation is associated with unfavorable metabolic consequences. Uremic inflammation is prevalent and contributes to detrimental outcomes. However, the contribution of adipose tissue inflammation in uremia has not been characterized. We studied the contribution of adipose tissue to uremic inflammation in-vitro, in-vivo and in human samples. Exposure to uremic serum resulted in activation of inflammatory pathways including NFκB and HIF1, upregulation of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and catabolism with lipolysis, and lactate production. Also, co-culture of adipocytes with macrophages primed by uremic serum resulted in higher inflammatory cytokine expression than adipocytes exposed only to uremic serum. Adipose tissue of end stage renal disease subjects revealed increased macrophage infiltration compared to controls after BMI stratification. Similarly, mice with kidney disease recapitulated the inflammatory state observed in uremic patients and additionally demonstrated increased peripheral monocytes and inflammatory polarization of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMS). In contrast, adipose tissue in uremic IL-6 knock out mice showed reduced ATMS density compared to uremic wild-type controls. Differences in ATMS density highlight the necessary role of IL-6 in macrophage infiltration in uremia. Uremia promotes changes in adipocytes and macrophages enhancing production of inflammatory cytokines. We demonstrate an interaction between uremic activated macrophages and adipose tissue that augments inflammation in uremia.
A non-bioartificial liver support system combined with transplantation in HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure
Authors: Li Peng , Liang Xi , Xu Shan , Xiong Ye , Huang Jianrong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe aim to determine the impact of an artificial liver support system (ALSS) treatment before liver transplantation (LT), and identify the prognostic factors and evaluate the predictive values of the current commonly used ACLF prognostic models for short-term prognosis after LT. Data from 166 patients who underwent LT with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) were retrospectively collected from January 2011 to December 2018 from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. Patients were divided into two groups depending on whether they received ALSS treatment pre-LT. In the observation group, liver function tests and prognostic scores were significantly lower after ALSS treatment, and the waiting time for a donor liver was significantly longer than that of the control group. Both intraoperative blood loss and period of postoperative ICU care were significantly lower; however, there were no significant differences between groups in terms of total postoperative hospital stays. Postoperative 4-week and 12-week survival rates in the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Similar trends were also observed at 48 and 96 weeks, however, without significant difference. Multivariate Cox regression analysis of the risk factors related to prognosis showed that preoperative ALSS treatment, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio, and intraoperative blood loss were independent predicting factors for 4-week survival rate after transplantation. ALSS treatment combined with LT in patients with HBV-related ACLF improved short-term survival. ALSS treatment pre-LT is an independent protective factor affecting the 4-week survival rate after LT.
An enhanced genetic algorithm for unmanned aerial vehicle logistics scheduling
Authors: Yuan Xiaoxiang , Zhu Jie , Li Yixuan , Huang Haiping , Wu Min 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper examines a scheduling problem with heterogeneous logistics unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in urban environment. Different from traditional vehicle routing problem (VRP), it introduces some new characteristics such as the loading capacity, the maximum flight time and the flight speed. As a variant of VRP, the considered scheduling problem is known to be an non‐deterministic Polynomial (NP)‐hard problem. The UAV scheduling problem model with the heterogeneous UAV settings is formulated first. Secondly, a genetic‐based algorithm framework is presented for solving the scheduling problem, in which the encoding/decoding method, the initial population generation method and genetic operations are delicately designed. In order to reduce the search space and faster the execution of this algorithm, a weight‐based loading method is adopted. For the purpose of performance evaluation and statistical analysis, the proposed algorithm is compared with the other two existing algorithms. The experimental results show that the presented algorithm can solve this problem efficiently.
A survey on unmanned aerial vehicle relaying networks
Authors: Li Bing , Zhao Shengjie , Miao Ruiqin , Zhang Rongqing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWith the explosive growth of data communications, existing infrastructure networks are under ever‐increasing pressure. Due to the advantages of fully controllable mobility, rapid deployment, and low cost, the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have attracted much attentions from both industry and academia in recent years, and it has become an inevitable trend to employ UAVs to enhance the network performance in different environments. As an important paradigm of UAV‐assisted communications, UAV relaying communications has been regarded as a promising solution in enhancing connectivity and improving transmission rate. This paper for the first time comprehensively summarizes UAV relaying communications and its application scenarios, including single UAV relaying networks, multi‐user UAV relaying networks, multi‐hop UAV relaying networks, as well as Internet of UAVs, and deeply analyzes the key technologies and challenges to be solved under this topic. Furthermore, the state‐of‐the‐art researches and opportunities of UAV relaying communications are discussed in detail.
Transient energy protection based on wavelet packet transform for hybrid bipolar HVDC transmission system
Authors: Gao Shuping , Song Xiaochen , Ye Huanfei , Jiang Lin , Song Guobing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn hybrid bipolar DC transmission systems with different types of converters at each pole, the transient high‐frequency component of the voltage signal under a single‐pole grounding fault and an inter‐pole fault is significantly different for internal and external faults because of smooth‐wave reactors on both sides of the DC line. Based on these characteristics, a single‐ended electrical quantity protection scheme based on transient energy is proposed. First, the voltage fault component is extracted and then processed by using a wavelet packet transform to obtain the transient energy in each frequency band. Second, the protection criterion is determined based on the ratio between low‐frequency energy and the sum of high‐frequency energy. After the setting principle is given, the influence of the protection scheme under high transition resistance is analysed. The protection scheme is implemented in MATLAB and tested based on fault data obtained from a hybrid bipolar HVDC transmission model built in PSCAD under different operating conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed protection method is verified by simulation tests under different fault types at different fault distances. The proposed method can provide strong tolerance to high transient resistance, accurately identify internal/external faults and automatically identify fault poles.
The SPIRou wavelength calibration for precise radial velocities in the near infrared
Authors: Hobson M. J. , Bouchy F. , Cook N. J. , Artigau E. , Moutou C. , Boisse I. , Lovis C. , Carmona A. , Delfosse X. , Donati J.-F. ,   the SPIRou Team
Published: February 2021

Aims. SPIRou is a near-infrared (nIR) spectropolarimeter at the CFHT, covering the YJHK nIR spectral bands (980−2350 nm). We describe the development and current status of the SPIRou wavelength calibration in order to obtain precise radial velocities (RVs) in the nIR.
Methods. We make use of a UNe hollow-cathode lamp and a Fabry-Pérot étalon to calibrate the pixel-wavelength correspondence for SPIRou. Different methods are developed for identifying the hollow-cathode lines, for calibrating the wavelength dependence of the Fabry-Pérot cavity width, and for combining the two calibrators.
Results. The hollow-cathode spectra alone do not provide a sufficiently accurate wavelength solution to meet the design requirements of an internal error of < 0.45 m s−1, for an overall RV precision of 1 m s−1. However, the combination with the Fabry-Pérot spectra allows for significant improvements, leading to an internal error of ∼0.15 m s−1. We examine the inter-night stability, intra-night stability, and impact on the stellar RVs of the wavelength solution.
Quantifying the fine structures of disk galaxies with deep learning: Segmentation of spiral arms in different Hubble types
Authors: Bekki K. 
Published: February 2021

Context.Spatial correlations between spiral arms and other galactic components such as giant molecular clouds and massive OB stars suggest that spiral arms can play vital roles in various aspects of disk galaxy evolution. Segmentation of spiral arms in disk galaxies is therefore a key task when these correlations are to be investigated.Aims.We therefore decomposed disk galaxies into spiral and nonspiral regions using the code U-Net, which is based on deep-learning algorithms and has been invented for segmentation tasks in biology.Methods.We first trained this U-Net with a large number of synthesized images of disk galaxies with known properties of symmetric spiral arms with radially constant pitch angles and then tested it with entirely unknown data sets. The synthesized images were generated from mathematical models of disk galaxies with various properties of spiral arms, bars, and rings in these supervised-learning tasks. We also applied the trained U-Net to spiral galaxy images synthesized from the results of long-term hydrodynamical simulations of disk galaxies with nonsymmetric spiral arms.Results.We find that U-Net can predict the precise locations of spiral arms with an average prediction accuracy (Fm) of 98%. We also find thatFmdoes not depend strongly on the numbers of spiral arms, presence or absence of stellar bars and rings, and bulge-to-disk ratios in disk galaxies. These results imply that U-Net is a very useful tool for identifying the locations of spirals arms. However, we find that the U-Net trained on these symmetric spiral arm images cannot predict entirly unknown data sets with the same accuracy that were produced from the results of hydrodynamical simulations of disk galaxies with nonsymmetric irregular spirals and their nonconstant pitch angles across disks. In particular, weak spiral arms in barred-disk galaxies are properly segmented.Conclusions.These results suggest that U-Net can segment more symmetric spiral arms with constant pitch angles in disk galaxies. However, we need to train U-Net with a larger number of more realistic galaxy images with noise, nonsymmetric spirals, and different pitch angles between different arms in order to apply it to real spiral galaxies. It would be a challenge to make a large number of training data sets for such realistic nonsymmetric and irregular spiral arms with nonconstant pitch angles.
Telomere Length in Idiopathic Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
Authors: Onat Taylan , Çaltekin Melike Demir , Inandiklioglu Nihal , Baser Emre , Kirmizi Demet Aydogan , Kara Mustafa , Ercan Fedi , Yalvac Ethem Serdar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective Telomere length is used as an indicator of biological aging. It is well known that one of the most remarkable risk factors of recurrent pregnancy losses is advanced maternal age. The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss and telomere length.
Method The study group included 40 women, while the control group consisted of 41 healthy women whose age and body mass index were matched. A venous blood sample was taken from all participants into EDTA tubes in the early follicular phase, and telomere length was measured through the qPCR technique.
Results When the mean TL of the groups was compared, it was determined that TL was significantly shorter among the iRPL group (7763.89±924.58 base pair) compared to the control group (8398.84±1102.95 base pair) (p<0.006). Whereas FSH and E2 were higher in the iRPL group, TAFC was lower (p<0.001). When the correlation between telomere length and endocrine parameters was statistically tested in the iRPL group, a negative correlation was found between FSH and telomere length (r=-0.437; p<0.001).
Conclusion Shortened telomere length might play a role in the etiology of iRPL. We are of the opinion that patients with RPL should be screened for the presence of cardiovascular diseases and other chronic diseases, as is the case for POF.
Can Derived Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, and Delta Neutrophil Index Predict Spontaneous Abortion?
Authors: Yakıştıran Betül , Tanacan Atakan , Altınboğa Orhan , Yücel Aykan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective To evaluate the efficacy of complete blood count indices for the prediction of miscarriage.
Materials and Methods A retrospective case-control study was conducted in a tertiary hospital. This study consisted of 389 cases (32 elective and 193 spontaneous abortions, 164 healthy pregnancies). Maternal demographic characteristics, complete blood cell (CBC) parameters, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived NLR, systemic inflammatory immune index (SII), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and delta neutrophil index (DNI) that were in the routine first trimester CBC were compared between groups.
Results There were no significant differences among groups in terms of demographic and obstetric characteristics. Statistically significant differences were observed for Hb, white blood cell (WBC), lymphocyte (L), NLR, SII, and PLR between the subgroups (p=0.003, p=0.045, p=0.000, p=0.002, p=0.043, p=0.010, respectively). There were no significant differences among groups in terms of the remaining parameters. When healthy pregnancies and spontaneous abortions were compared, statistically significant differences were detected for NLR, SII, PLR (p=0.001, p=0.039, and p=0.000, respectively). Moreover, when healthy pregnancies and elective abortions were compared, only NLR was found as statistically different (p=0.050). Area under curve (AUC) was calculated for PLR as 0.659 (%95 CI: 0.582–0.735) and a cut-off value of 158.1 was found with highest sensitivity and specificity (60.6 % and 61.6%, respectively) according to the results obtained from Youden’s index. AUC was calculated for NLR as 0.591 (%95 CI: 0.507–0.675) and a cut-off value of 3.135 was found with highest sensitivity and specificity (56% and 54.5%) according to the results obtained from Youden’s index.
Conclusion In conclusion, decreased PLR and NLR levels may be used as practical and cost-effective markers for the prediction of miscarriages.