bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An update: the emerging evidence of complement involvement in COVID-19
Authors: Li Qin , Chen Zi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe current outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected people around the world. Typically, COVID-19 originates in the lung, but lately it can extend to other organs and lead to tissue injury and multiorgan failure in severe patients, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), kidney failure and sepsis or systemic inflammation. Given that COVID-19 has been detected in a range of other organs, the COVID-19-associated disease is an alert of aberrant activation of host immune response which drives un-controlled inflammation that affects multiple organs. Complement is a vital component of innate immunity where it forms the first line of defense against potentially harmful microbes, but its role in COVID-19 is still not clear. Notably, the abnormal activation and continuous deposits of complement components were identified in the pre-clinical samples from COVID-19 patients, which have been confirmed in animal models. Recent evidence has revealed that the administration of complement inhibitors leads to relieve inflammatory response in ARDS. Hence, we speculate that the targeting complement system could be a potential treatment option for organ damage in COVID-19 patients.
Effect of confinement of horse heart cytochrome c and formate dehydrogenase from Candida boidinii on mesoporous carbons on their catalytic activity
Authors: Hernández-Ibáñez Naiara , Montiel Vicente , Gomis-Berenguer Alicia , Ania Conchi , Iniesta Jesús 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study reports the immobilization of two biocatalysts (e.g., cytochrome c—Cyt c—and the non-metalloenzyme formate dehydrogenase from Candida boidinii–cbFDH) on a series of mesoporous carbons with controlled pore sizes. The catalytic activity of the nanoconfined proteins was correlated with the pore size distribution of the carbon materials used as supports. The electrochemical behaviour of nanoconfined Cyt c showed direct electron transfer electroactivity in pore sizes matching tightly the protein dimension. The pseudo-peroxidase activity towards H2O2 reduction was enhanced at pH 4.0, due to the protein conformational changes. For cbFDH, the reduction of CO2 towards formic acid was evaluated for the nanoconfined protein, in the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). The carbons displayed different cbFDH uptake capacity, governed by the dimensions of the main mesopore cavities and their accessibility through narrow pore necks. The catalytic activity of nanoconfined cbFDH was largely improved, compared to its performance in free solution. Regardless of the carbon support used, the production of formic acid was higher upon immobilization with lower nominal cbFDH:NADH ratios.
Lateral one-third gland resection in Cushing patients with failed adenoma identification leads to low remission rates: long-term observations from a small, single-center cohort
Authors: Andereggen Lukas , Mariani Luigi , Beck Jürgen , Andres Robert H. , Gralla Jan , Luedi Markus M. , Weis Joachim , Christ Emanuel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Currently, there are no guidelines for neurosurgeons treating patients with Cushing’s disease (CD) when intraoperative adenoma identification is negative. Under these circumstances, a total hypophysectomy or hemi-hypophysectomy on the side indicated by inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) is the approach being used, although there is a subsequent risk of hypopituitarism. Data on whether one-third lateral pituitary gland resection results in cure of hypercortisolism and low rates of hypopituitarism remain inconclusive.

Methods
Retrospective single-center study of CD patients with failed intraoperative adenoma identification and subsequent resection of the lateral one-third of the pituitary gland as predicted by IPSS. We assessed (i) histopathological findings, (ii) early and long-term remission rates, and (iii) rates of additional pituitary hormone insufficiency.

Results
Ten women and three men met the inclusion criteria. At 3 months, remission was noted in six (46%) patients: three (23%) had histologically confirmed adenomas, two (15%) had ACTH hyperplasia, and one patient (8%) was positive for Crooke’s hyaline degeneration. New pituitary hormone deficits were noted in two patients (15%). After a median (±SD) follow-up of 14±4 years, recurrence was noted in two (15%) patients. Long-term control of hypercortisolism was attained by 10 patients (77%), with additional therapies required in nine (69%) of them.

Conclusions
In CD patients with failed intraoperative adenoma visualization, lateral one-third gland resection resulted in low morbidity and long-term remission in 31% of patients without the need for additional therapies. Bearing in mind the sample size of this audit, the indication for lateral one-third-gland resection has to be critically appraised and discussed with the patients before surgery.
Characterizing the heterogeneous course of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity from childhood to young adulthood
Authors: Vos Melissa , Rommelse Nanda N. J. , Franke Barbara , Oosterlaan Jaap , Heslenfeld Dirk J. , Hoekstra Pieter J. , Klein Marieke , Faraone Stephen V. , Buitelaar Jan K. , Hartman Catharina A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo advance understanding of the heterogeneity in the course of ADHD, joint symptom trajectories of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity from childhood to young adulthood were modelled and associated with genetic, demographic, and clinical characteristics. Data were obtained from the NeuroIMAGE cohort which includes 485 individuals with ADHD, their 665 siblings, and 399 typically developing children. Trajectories were based on scores of the Conners Parent Rating Scale Revised and estimated over seven homogeneous age bins (from 5 to 28 years) using parallel process latent class growth analysis on data collected across 2–4 time points. Multilevel multinomial logistic regression was used to identify characteristics that differentiated between the derived classes. A seven-class solution revealed “severe combined stable” (4.8%), “severe combined decreasing” (13%), “severe inattentive stable” (4.8%), “moderate combined increasing” (7.5%), “moderate combined decreasing” (12.7%), “stable mild” (12.9%), and “stable low” (44.3%) classes. Polygenic risk for depression, ADHD diagnosis, ADHD medication use, IQ, comorbid symptom levels (foremost oppositional behaviour), and functional impairment levels differentiated classes with similar ADHD symptom levels in childhood but a diverging course thereafter. The course of ADHD is highly heterogeneous, with stable, decreasing, and increasing trajectories. Overall, severe symptom levels in childhood are associated with elevated-to-severe symptom levels in adolescence and young adulthood, despite substantial symptom reductions. Beyond symptom severity in childhood, genetic, demographic, and clinical characteristics distinguish the heterogeneous course.
Home range use in the West Australian seahorse Hippocampus subelongatus is influenced by sex and partner’s home range but not by body size or paired status
Authors: Kvarnemo Charlotta , Andersson Susanne E. , Elisson Jonas , Moore Glenn I. , Jones Adam G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGenetic monogamy is the rule for many species of seahorse, including the West Australian seahorse Hippocampus subelongatus. In this paper, we revisit mark-recapture and genetic data of H. subelongatus, allowing a detailed characterization of movement distances, home range sizes and home range overlaps for each individual of known sex, paired status (paired or unpaired) and body size. As predicted, we find that females have larger home ranges and move greater distances compared to males. We also confirm our prediction that the home ranges of pair-bonded individuals (members of a pair known to reproduce together) overlap more on average than home ranges of randomly chosen individuals of the opposite or same sex. Both sexes, regardless of paired status, had home ranges that overlapped with, on average, 6–10 opposite-sex individuals. The average overlap area among female home ranges was significantly larger than the overlap among male home ranges, probably reflecting females having larger home ranges combined with a female biased adult sex ratio. Despite a prediction that unpaired individuals would need to move around to find a mate, we find no evidence that unpaired members of either sex moved more than paired individuals of the same sex. We also find no effect of body size on home range size, distance moved or number of other individuals with which a home range overlapped. These patterns of movement and overlap in home ranges among individuals of both sexes suggest that low mate availability is not a likely explanation for the maintenance of monogamy in the West Australian seahorse.
Contrasting responses of native ant communities to invasion by an ant invader, Linepithema humile
Authors: Devenish Adam J. M. , Newton Rosemary J. , Bridle Jon R. , Gomez Crisanto , Midgley Jeremy J. , Sumner Seirian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInvasive alien species pose a serious threat to the integrity and function of natural ecosystems. Understanding how these invaders alter natural communities is therefore an important aspect in predicting the likely future outcomes of biological invasions. Many studies have documented the consequences of invasive alien species on native community structure, through the displacement and local extinction of native species. However, sampling methods and intensities are rarely standardised across such studies, meaning that it is not clear whether differences in response among native communities to the same invader species are due to biological differences between the invaded regions, or differences in the methodologies used. Here we use a matched sampling methodology to compare the effects of the Argentine ant (Linepithema humile Mayr) on native ant community assemblages in two distinct biogeographical regions that share similar ecologies: Girona (Spain) and Jonkershoek Nature Reserve (South Africa). We found a strong negative association between L. humile presence and native ant species richness within both geographic regions. However, the effects differed between the two study regions: in Girona, a single native ant species (Plagiolepis pygmaea) persisted in invaded sites; by contrast, substantially more native ant species persisted at invaded sites in Jonkershoek Nature Reserve. In addition, in Jonkershoek Nature Reserve, the abundance of certain native species appeared to increase in the presence of L. humile. This study therefore demonstrates the potential variable effects of an invasive species in contrasting locations within different biogeographical regions. Future work should explore the causes of this differential resistance among communities and expand standardised sampling approaches to more invaded zones to further explore how local biotic or abiotic conditions of a region determine the nature and extent of impact of L. humile invasion on native ant communities.
Development and Preliminary Validation of the Child & Adolescent Social Cognitions Questionnaire
Authors: Leigh Eleanor , Clark David M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNegative cognitions play a central role in adolescent social anxiety, and yet there is a lack of empirically validated measures assessing these in detail. This study describes the adaptation of the Child & Adolescent Social Cognitions Questionnaire (CASCQ) from the adult version of the scale and its preliminary validation in a general adolescent school sample (N = 671). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis on split halves of the data indicated two factors, labelled ‘negative self-concept’ and ‘anxious appearance’, provided the best fit. Totals and subscales possessed good internal consistency and convergent validity. Findings suggest that the CASCQ is a reliable and valid measure of social anxiety-related cognitions in youth and may be useful for research and clinical purposes. Further examination of the scale with pre-adolescents and clinical samples is warranted.
Essential Crimes? Essential Punishments? Rethinking Essentiality in the Midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Vegh Weis Valeria , Magnin Brittany 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe phrases, “essential businesses” and “essential jobs,” emerged at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, raising questions about and reflecting concerns over which goods, services, and workers were necessary to prevent societal collapse. In an attempt to continue to probe “essentiality,” this article coins the term “essential crimes” to refer to those socially injurious acts and omissions that are part and parcel of a global neoliberal capitalist order, and that are, therefore, vital to keep the socioeconomic system running. In other words, if keeping humans alive in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic required supermarkets and hospitals to remain open (“essential business and jobs”), maintaining the existing socioeconomic system and ensuring that the powerful remained powerful required harmful acts and omissions by states and corporations—what we refer to as “essential crimes.” This article sheds light on how the COVID-19 pandemic has helped illuminate just howessentialthese crimes and harms are to the perpetuation of the status quo by the powerful. In addition, this article encourages us to consider which punishments, if any, are vital to a well-ordered society, and it demands that we rethink whether prison is an “essential punishment” for ensuring public safety.
Technologizing the Transcendental, not Discarding it
Authors: Lemmens Pieter 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this reply I further defend my claim that the transcendental should always remain a primary concern for philosophy of technology as a philosophical enterprise, contra the empirical turn’s rejection of it. Yet, instead of emphasizing the non-technological conditions of technology, as ‘classic’ thinkers of technology such as Heidegger did, it should recognize technology itself as the transcendental operator par excellence. Starting from Heidegger’s ontological understanding of transcendence I show that while technical artifacts may indeed always conform to a certain horizon of understanding, they also constitute this horizon in specific ways. Following Stiegler I show that concrete technologies (technology with a small ‘t’) are not just empirical effects of an overarching movement of transcendence (Technology with a capital ‘T’) but are originally constitutive of it. In response to Romele’s critique that the social, language, images, imaginaries, symbols, etc. are also transcendentals, I argue that all these phenomena are always already conditioned by technical milieus. As for Besmer’s contention that I offer a reductive interpretation of postphenomenology’s notion of multistability, I argue that there are decisive systemic and organological limits to multistability offered by technical artefacts and that all variation in use and implementation is always constrained by inherent technical tendencies and processes of concretization. Agreeing with Besmer that the transcendental and the empirical should be understood not oppositional but compositional I argue that technology may be that which constantly ‘mediates’ between the two.
Space-Time in Quantum Theory
Authors: Capellmann H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractQuantum Theory, similar to Relativity Theory, requires a new concept of space-time, imposed by a universal constant. While velocity of lightcnot being infinite calls for a redefinition of space-time on large and cosmological scales, quantization of action in terms of a finite, i.e. non vanishing, universal constanthrequires a redefinition of space-time on very small scales. Most importantly, the classical notion of “time”, as one common continuous time variable and nature evolving continuously “in time”, has to be replaced by an infinite manifold of transition rates for discontinuous quantum transitions. The fundamental laws of quantum physics, commutation relations and quantum equations of motion, resulted from Max Born’s recognition of the basic principle of quantum physics:To each change in nature corresponds an integer number of quanta of action. Action variables may only change by integer values ofh, requiring all other physical quantities to change by discrete steps, “quantum jumps”. The mathematical implementation of this principle led to commutation relations and quantum equations of motion. The notion of “point” in space-time looses its physical significance; quantum uncertainties of time, position, just as any other physical quantity, are necessary consequences of quantization of action.
Exploring Advocacy Self-efficacy Among K-12 STEM Teacher Leaders
Authors: Velasco Richard Carlos L. , Hite Rebecca , Milbourne Jeff 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAdvocacy is an emergent dimension of teacher leadership, given its growing importance in shaping policy and facilitating reform efforts in American K-12 education. In 2014, the National Academies called for advancing advocacy-based activities and leadership among K-12 science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) teachers, who are presently understudied. The purpose of this embedded single-case case study was to explore STEM teachers’ development of self-efficacy in advocacy for STEM education. Contextualizing the case, participants consisted of 11 STEM teacher leaders who were part of the STEM Teacher Ambassadors (STA) program, a year-long advocacy-focused leadership development fellowship program, jointly sponsored by the National Science Teaching Association and National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. Employing case study research methodology, primary data were collected using semi-structured interviews, while secondary data were sourced via focus group interview and documents to triangulate interview data. Utterances (i.e., participant statements, groups of statements, or segments of statements) from transcribed data were coded a priori and analyzed via four constructs of self-efficacy theory: enactive master experiences, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, and emotional arousal. Results revealed 157 utterances coded to self-efficacy building within STEM education advocacy. Findings suggest that STEM teacher leaders’ participation in professional development programs that specifically focus on development of policy knowledge and advocacy activities help to develop and sustain STEM teacher leaders’ advocacy self-efficacy, given that participating teachers have numerous opportunities to fully engage in mastery experiences in STEM education advocacy. Implications and recommendations for policy and suggestions for further studies are discussed.
Student Loans at the Dinner Table: Family Communication Patterns About Student Loans Before Accrual and During Repayment
Authors: Miller Julie , Brady Samantha , Balmuth Alexa , D’Ambrosio Lisa , Coughlin Joseph 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWith student loan borrowing becoming an increasingly common experience in U.S. households, it is crucial to understand the interpersonal manifestation of education debt within family systems. This study sought to understand how accruing and repaying student loan debt for one’s own higher education relates to family dynamics and communication within families. Leveraging Family Communication Patterns Theory, this study asked: How do student loan borrowers describe loan-related family communication patterns prior to loan accrual and during the repayment period? Utilizing qualitative and quantitative data collected through a concurrent nested mixed methods study design, findings from this study profile family communication typologies leading up to, and during, student loan repayment. Study findings suggest that the ways in which families communicate about student loans prior to loan accrual and during repayment (a) relate to family financial socialization processes and (b) play at least a partial role in how they experience student loans as part of their overall family dynamics. This study proposes a model of loan-related family communication dynamics and offers implications for future scholarship and practice.
The Vicarios Virtual Reality Interface for Remote Robotic Teleoperation
Authors: Naceri Abdeldjallil , Mazzanti Dario , Bimbo Joao , Tefera Yonas T. , Prattichizzo Domenico , Caldwell Darwin G. , Mattos Leonardo S. , Deshpande Nikhil 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntuitive interaction is the cornerstone of accurate and effective performance in remote robotic teleoperation. It requires high-fidelity in control actions as well as perception (vision, haptic, and other sensory feedback) of the remote environment. This paper presentsVicarios, a Virtual Reality (VR) based interface with the aim of facilitating intuitive real-time remote teleoperation, while utilizing the inherent benefits of VR, including immersive visualization, freedom of user viewpoint selection, and fluidity of interaction through natural action interfaces.Vicariosaims to enhance the situational awareness, using the concept ofviewpoint-independent mappingbetween the operator and the remote scene, thereby giving the operator better control in the perception-action loop. The article describes the overall system ofVicarios, with its software, hardware, and communication framework. A comparative user study quantifies the impact of the interface and its features, including immersion and instantaneous user viewpoint changes, termed “teleporting”, on users’ performance. The results show that users’ performance with the VR-based interface was either similar to or better than the baseline condition of traditional stereo video feedback, approving the realistic nature of theVicariosinterface. Furthermore, including the teleporting feature in VR significantly improved participants’ performance and their appreciation for it, which was evident in the post-questionnaire results.Vicarioscapitalizes on the intuitiveness and flexibility of VR to improve accuracy in remote teleoperation.
Dynamic Monopolistic Competition
Authors: Hoof Simon 
Published: April 2021

AbstractI study a dynamic variant of the Dixit–Stiglitz (Am Econ Rev 67(3), 1977) model of monopolistic competition by introducing price stickiness à la Fershtman and Kamien (Econometrica 55(5), 1987). The analysis is restricted to bounded quantity and price paths that fulfill the necessary conditions for an open-loop Nash equilibrium. I show that there exists a symmetric steady state and that its stability depends on the degree of product differentiation. When moving from complements to perfect substitutes, the steady state is either a locally asymptotically unstable (spiral) source, a stable (spiral) sink or a saddle point. I further apply the Hopf bifurcation theorem and prove the existence of limit cycles, when passing from a stable to an unstable steady state. Lastly, I provide a numerical example and show that there exists a stable limit cycle.