bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Tracheostomy for ARDS Patients Supported by Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Is Associated With A Decreased Incidence of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia, Duration of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Mechanical Ventilation: Experience From A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort.
Authors: Zhang Zeyu , Gu Sichao , Huang Xu , Xia Jingen , Lin Fang , Zhang Yi , Feng Yingying , Tian Ye , Wu Xiaojing , Yu Xin , Li Changlong , Huang Linna , Cai Ying , Zhai Tianshu , Cui Xiaoyang , Li Min , Zhan Qingyuan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has become the ultimate supporting technique for the rescue of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. Although tracheostomy during ECMO has proven to be beneficial, the proper time point for performing the tracheostomy remains unclear. The purpose of our study was to demonstrate whether early tracheostomy (ET; within 7 days of ECMO initiation) outweighs delayed tracheostomy (DT; 8 days of more after ECMO initiation).Methods: A retrospective cohort study was established. All ARDS patients who underwent tracheostomy during V-V ECMO support in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary hospital from December 2013 to November 2020 were reviewed.Results: Of the 187 ARDS patients who received V-V ECMO support, 30 (16%) underwent tracheostomy—18 (60%) during ECMO support and the other 12 after ECMO decannulation. Among the 18 patients who underwent tracheostomy while receiving ECMO, 11 (61.1%) received ET, and 7 received DT. No significant difference was found between the ET and DT groups in terms of demographic data, medical history, disease severity (estimated based on the RESP, PRESERVE, APACHE Ⅱ, SOFA and Murray scores), ARDS risk factors or mechanical ventilation duration before ECMO. The ET group showed a decreased incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) during ECMO support (45.5% vs. 100%; P= 0.038) and shortened durations of ECMO (9.0 vs. 27.0 days; P= 0.011) and mechanical ventilation (16.0 vs. 56.0 days; P= 0.027). ET did not significantly alter the all-cause ICU mortality rate (54.5% vs. 28.6%; P= 0.367), all-cause hospital mortality rate (which was the same as the ICU mortality rate), length of ICU stay (336 vs. 627 hours; P= 0.085), or length of hospital stay (26 vs. 37 days; P= 0.285). Local bleeding at the tracheostomy wound did not differ between the two groups (27.3% vs. 42.9%, P= 0.627) .Conclusion: Compared with delayed tracheostomy, ET performed within 7 days of ECMO cannulation for severe ARDS patients could decrease the VAP incidence during ECMO support and shorten the durations of ECMO and mechanical ventilation; However, it may not improve the outcome. Prospective and multicenter studies are needed for further research.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Road Traffic Collision Injury Patterns and Severity in Al-Ain City, United Arab Emirates
Authors: Yasin Yasin J , Alao David O , Grivna Michal , Abu-Zidan Fikri 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns restricted human and traffic mobility impacting the patterns and severity of road traffic collisions (RTCs). We aimed to study the effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on incidence, patterns, severity of the injury, and outcomes of hospitalized RTCs trauma patients in Al-Ain City, United Arab Emirates. Methods: We compared the data of two cohorts of patients which were collected over two periods; the pandemic period (28 March 2020 to 27 March 202) and the pre-pandemic period (28 March 2019 to 27 March 2020). All RTCs trauma patients who were hospitalized in the two major trauma centers (Al-Ain and Tawam Hospitals) of Al-Ain City were studied. Results: Overall, the incidence of hospitalized RTC trauma patients significantly reduced by 33.5% during the Pandemic compared with the pre-pandemic period. The mechanism of injury was significantly different between the two periods (p< 0.0001, Fisher’s Exact test). MVCs were less during the Pandemic (60.5% compared with 72%), while motorcycle injuries were more (23.3 % compared with 11.2 %). The mortality of hospitalized RTC patients was significantly higher during the Pandemic (4.4 % compared with 2.3 %, p=0.045, Fisher’s Exact test). Conclusions: Our study has shown that the numbers of hospitalized RTC trauma patients reduced by 33.5% during the COVID-19 Pandemic compared with the pre-pandemic period in our setting. This was attributed to the reduced motor vehicle, pedestrian and bicycle injuries while motorcycle injuries increased. Mortality was significantly higher during the Pandemic, which was attributed to increased ISS and reduced GCS.
Evaluation of Coliform and Faecal Coliform Bacteria in the Lakes of Broknes &amp; Grovnes Peninsula at Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica
Authors: Bhardwaj Laxmi Kant , Chauhan Abhishek , Jindal Tanu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose: More than 150 lakes on different peninsulas and islands are situated in the Larsemann Hills. The Larsemann Hills are an ice-free area and are located halfway between the Vestfold Hills and the Amery Ice Shelf on the south-eastern coast of Prydz Bay, Princess Elizabeth Land, East Antarctica. Antarctic lakes water is being polluted due to anthropogenic activities caused by various research activities and tourism. Methods: During 34th Indian Scientific Expedition to Antarctica (ISEA) in 2014 to 2015, twenty lake water samples in triplicates were collected from the Broknes & Grovnes peninsula. Coliform and faecal coliform bacteria were analyzed in these samples. Results: Out of twenty, eleven lake water samples were found to be contaminated with coliform bacteria. However, faecal coliform bacteria were absent in all the lake water samples. Coliforms are found in the lakes of Broknes peninsula (P2 Lake & P3 Lake) and Grovnes peninsula (L1C NG, L1D NG, L1E NG, L7 NG, L7A NG, L7B NG, L2 SG, L4 SG & L5 SG). Conclusion: The present study confirms the presence of coliform bacteria in the lakes of East Antarctica which indicates an alarming situation and needs to be investigated further.
CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Knockout of APOC3 Stabilizes Plasma Lipids and Inhibits Atherosclerosis in Rabbits
Authors: Zha Yiwen , Lu Yaoyao , Zhang Ting , Yan Kunning , Zhuang Wenwen , Liang Jingyan , Cheng Yong , Wang Yingge 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: High levels of apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) can lead to hypertriglyceridemia, which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. We aim to create APOC3 knockout (KO) rabbits and explore the effects of APOC3 deletion on the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis.Methods: A sgRNA anchored to exon 2 of APOC3 was designed to edit embryos using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The founder rabbits were sequenced, and their lipid profile, inflammatory cytokines and atherosclerotic plaques were analyzed.Results: When given a normal chow (NC) diet, all APOC3 KO rabbits had low plasma TG level, which was two times lower than that of the matched age control group. Additionally, their plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPL) increased. When fed a high-fat diet (HFD), it was observed that APOC3 deficiency was more conducive to the maintenance of plasma TG, total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in rabbits, the inhibition of inflammatory response and the protection of atherosclerosis in rabbits.Conclusion: APOC3 KO rabbit models can be obtained with the CRISPR/Cas9 system to combat the formation of HFD-induced atherosclerosis, indicating a novel therapeutic target to treat atherosclerosis.
Development of web-based dynamic nomogram to predict survival in patients with gastric cancer: a population-based study
Authors: Talebi Atefeh , Borumandnia Nasrin , Abbasi Somayeh , Doosti Hassan , Pourhoseingholi Mohamad Amin , Agah Shahram , Tabaeian Seidamir Pasha 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most frequent malignancy worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-associated mortality. The study’s goal was to construct a predictive model and nomogram to predict the survival of GC patients. This historical cohort study assessed 733 patients who underwent treatments for GC. The univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazard (CPH) survival analyses were applied to identify the factors related to overall survival (OS). A dynamic nomogram was developed as a graphical representation of the CPH regression model. The internal validation of the nomogram was evaluated by Harrell’s concordance index (C-index) and time-dependent AUC. The results of the multivariable Cox model revealed that the age of patients, body mass index (BMI), grade of tumour, and depth of tumour elevate the mortality hazard of gastric cancer patients (P < 0.05). The built nomogram had a discriminatory performance, with a C-index of 0.64 (CI: 0.61, 0.67). We constructed and validated an original predictive nomogram for OS in patients with GC. Furthermore, nomograms may help predict the individual risk of OS in patients treated for GC.
Temporal Evolution of the Resistance Genotypes of Plasmodium Falciparum in Isolates From Equatorial Guinea During 20 Years (1999 to 2019).
Authors: Berzosa Pedro , Fuente Irene Molina-de la , Ta-Tang Thuy-Huong , González Vicenta , García Luz , Rodríguez-Galet Ana , Diaz-Regañón Ramón , Galán Rosario , Cerrada-Gálvez Laura , Ncogo Policarpo , Riloha Matilde , Benito Agustín 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Malaria is one of the deadliest disease in the world, particularly in Africa. The resistance to antimalarial drugs is one of the most important problems to global malaria control. The study assess the evolution of the different resistance markers over time and the possible influence of the interventions and treatment changes that have been made in Equatorial Guinea.Methods: 1223 biological samples distributed from 1999 to 2019 were included in the study. The screening of the mutations in pfdhfr, pfdhps, pfmdr1 and pfcrt genes were carried out by nested PCR and RFLPs, and the study of pfk13 genes was carried out by nested PCR, followed by sequencing to determine the presence of mutations Results: the haplotypes partially and fully resistant (pfdhfr + pfdhps) increase over time. In 2019, the fully resistant is increasing although super resistant remains lower. There is also a continued decline over time in pfmdr1 and pfcrt gene mutations. Since 2008, when ACTs were introduced in the country, the number of mutations detected in pfk13 has been increasing over time, with more mutations being observed in 2019. In this year, were detected 2 synonymous and 5 non-synonymous mutations, although are not related to resistance to ACTs. In addition, the non-synonymous A578S mutation, the most frequent on the African continent, was detected in 2013, although it has not been detected in the following years.Conclusions: The withdrawal of the use of CQ as a treatment in the country has been effective over time, as wild-type parasite populations outnumber mutant populations. The upward trend observed in SP resistance markers evidence its misuse alone or in combination with AS or AQ in some areas of the country, this allows selective pressure from SP to continue. SNPs 540E and 581G do not exceed the limit of 50% and 10% respectively, which means that SP as an IPT is still effective in the country. As for the pfk13 gene, no mutations have been detected in relation to resistance to ACTs. However, in 2019 there is a greater accumulation of non-synonymous mutations compared to years prior to 2008.
Parents and Teachers Intervention for Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Abstract
Authors: Hosseinnia maede , Mazaheri Maryam Amidi , Heidari zahra 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: this study evaluated the effect of parents and teachers educational intervention to decrease the ADHD symptoms in children. Method: Seventy-two children and their parents and teachers participated in this quasiexperimental study and randomly divided into two groups of test and control. Data collected by CSI4-questionnaire. Parents and teacher in test group participated in training sessions. Student’s ADHD symptoms were assessed before and after the educational intervention. Results: Two mounts after the intervention, based on parent and teacher report, the ADHD symptoms was decreased significantly only in test group students. Conclusion: parents and teachers training and developing appropriate strategies can diminish ADHD symptoms in all three aspects including inattention and reduce the side effects of ADHD. Trial registration: The study was approved by the by the Research Deputy of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. In addition, The Ethical Committee of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences approved the study proposal. (ID code: IR.MUI.RESEARCH.REC.1398.297). The required permission from Education Department of Isfahan City was attained. Participation in the study was voluntary. Before taking part in the study, selected teachers provided written consent also study goals were described to them.
Identification and characterization of a natural polymorphism in FT-A2 associated with increased number of grains per spike in wheat
Authors: Glenn Priscilla , Zhang Junli , Brown-Guedira Gina , DeWitt Noah , Cook Jason P. , Li Kun , Dubcovsky Jorge 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Increases in wheat grain yield are necessary to meet future global food demands. A previous study showed that loss-of-function mutations in FLOWERING LOCUS T2 ( FT2 ) increase spikelet number per spike (SNS), an important grain yield component. Unfortunately, associated reductions in fertility offset potential increases in grain number. Here, we report a natural mutation resulting in an aspartic acid to alanine change at position 10 (D10A) associated with significant increases in SNS and no negative effects on fertility. Using a high-density genetic map, we delimited the SNS candidate region to a 5.2 Mb region on chromosome 3AS including 28 genes. Among them, only FT-A2 showed a non-synonymous polymorphism (D10A) present in two different populations segregating for the SNS QTL on chromosome arm 3AS. These results, together with the known effect of the ft-A2 mutations on SNS, suggest that variation in FT-A2 is the most likely cause of the observed differences in SNS. We validated the positive effects of the A10 allele on SNS, grain number, and grain yield per spike in near-isogenic tetraploid wheat lines and in an hexaploid winter wheat population. The A10 allele is present at very low frequency in durum wheat and at much higher frequency in hexaploid wheat, particularly in winter and fall-planted spring varieties. These results suggest that the FT-A2 A10 allele may be particularly useful for improving grain yield in durum wheat and fall planted common wheat varieties.
Anticancer effect of Sargassum oligocystom hydroalcoholic extract against SW742, HT-29, WiDr and CT-26 colorectal cancer cell lines and expression of P53 and APC genes
Authors: Ghazy Esraa , Fadil Adil G. , Hussen Bashdar Mahmud , Al-Marzoqi Ali H. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world, with enhancing morbidity and mortality each year. Due to the drug resistance against CRC, the use of novel compounds besides chemotherapy is required. Natural seafood contains large amounts of biologically active substances with new chemical structures and new medicinal activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Sargassum oligocystom algae on SW742, HT-29, WiDr and CT-26 CRC cell lines and to evaluate the expression of P53 and APC genes using quantitative real time PCR (RT-qPCR).
Methods
The cytotoxicity of S. oligocystom hydroalcoholic extract was determined by MTT and trypan blue methods in six different concentrations including 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg / mL on various CRC cell lines and a control group. The expression of P53 and APC genes in exposure to 2mg/mL of the extract was also evaluated using RT-qPCR.
Results
The LD50 and LD90 of S. oligocystom included 0.5-1 and > 2mg/mL, respectively mostly affecting SW742 and CT-26 cells. In the trypan blue test, 90% viability and death of cells was observed at 0.1 and 4mg/mL of extract, respectively. The 2mg/mL was a safe cytotoxic concentration. A significant viability decrease was observed at concentrations ≥ 1mg/mL (p < 0.001). S. oligocystom extract at 2 mg/mL significantly increased the expression of APC being 2.2 fold (p < 0.001) but not P53 gene to be 0.66 fold (p = 0.323) after 24h.
Conclusion
These results indicated that the brown algae S. oligocystom extract had significant antitumor effects against the SW742, HT-29, WiDr and CT-26 CRC cell lines and especially CT-26, suggesting that it may be a potential candidate for further studies and therefore designing drugs of natural anti-cancer origin. The S. oligocystom had anticancer effect via increase in the APC gene expression.
Gigantol Alleviates IL-1β-Induced Inflammation and Catabolism in Mouse Osteoarthritis via PI3K/Akt/NF-κB Pathways In Vivo and In Vitro
Authors: Zhu Gaosheng , Miao Keze , Dong Mingwei , Cai Jie , Shen Zhihao , Zhang Huawei , Chen Hua , Cai Leyi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), a prevalent disabling disease, is characterized by irreversible cartilage degradation and persistent inflammation. The etiology as well as pathogenesis of OA are not completely unclear and need further investigation. Gigantol, is a bibenzyl derivative extracted from Dendrobium plants and has been found exhibit multiple effects such as anti-inflammatory effects. Nevertheless, the biological function of gigantol on osteoarthritis (OA) is still uncertain. This study aimed at examining the anti-inflammatory effects and latent mechanisms of gigantol in IL-1β-mediated OA progression. In vitro, we identified that gigantol treatment suppressed tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), nitric oxide (NO), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) mediated mouse OA chondrocytes. Gigantol was also shown to dose dependently downregulate the metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) as well as thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTS5) levels. Moreover, IL-1β-mediated AKT and PI3K phosphorylation as well as NF-κB activation were inhibited by gigantol. Meanwhile, in vivo, we detected that gigantol treatment inhibited degradation of the cartilage degradation and lowered the Osteoarthritis Research Society International scores (OARSI) in OA mouse. Therefore, gigantol is a promising therapeutic option for OA.
Distributed context-dependent choice information in mouse posterior cortex
Authors: Orlandi Javier , Abdolrahmani Mohammad , Aoki Ryo , Lyamzin Dmitry , Benucci Andrea 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Choice information appears in multi-area brain networks mixed with sensory, motor, and cognitive variables. In the posterior cortex—traditionally implicated in decision computations—the presence, strength, and area specificity of choice signals are highly variable, limiting a cohesive understanding of their computational significance. Examining the mesoscale activity in the mouse posterior cortex during a visual task, we found that choice signals defined a decision variable in a low-dimensional embedding space with a prominent contribution along the ventral visual stream. Their subspace was near-orthogonal to concurrently represented sensory and motor-related activations, with modulations by task difficulty and by the animals’ attention state. A recurrent neural network trained with animals’ choices revealed an equivalent decision variable whose context-dependent dynamics agreed with that of the neural data. Our results demonstrated an independent, multi-area decision variable in the posterior cortex, controlled by task features and cognitive demands, possibly linked to contextual inference computations in dynamic animal–environment interactions.
Early warning system for drivers’ phone usage with deep learning network
Authors: Hou Jixu , Xie Xiaofeng , Cai Qian , Deng Zhengjie , Yang Houqun , Huang Hongnian , Wang Xun , Feng Lei , Wang Yizhen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Dangerous driving, e.g., using mobile phone while driving, can result in serious traffic problem and threat to safely. To efficiently alleviate such problem, in this paper, we design a intelligent monitoring system to detect the dangerous behavior in driving. The monitoring system is combined by camera, terminal server, target detection algorithm and voice reminder. Furthermore, we applied an efficiently deep learning model, namely mobilenet combined with single shot multi-box detector (mobilenet-SSD), to identify the behavior of driver. To evaluate the performance of proposed system, we construct a dangerous driving dataset which consists of 6796 images. The experimental results show that the proposed system can achieve accuracy of 99% in 100 testing images. It can be used for real-time monitoring of the driver’s status.
Expanding Perigraft Seroma after A scending Aorta Replacement
Authors: Kanemitsu Shinji , Sakamoto Shunsuke , Teranishi Satoshi , Mizumoto Toru 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPerigraft seroma is a persistent and sterile fluid confined within a fibrous pseudomembrane surrounding a graft that develops after graft replacement. Development of perigraft seroma is an uncommon complication that occurs after the surgical repair of the thoracic aorta using woven polyester grafts. mechanism underlying perigraft seroma formation remains unclear.Case presentationHerein, we describe the case of 77-year-old man who underwent repeat sternotomy for the treatment of large perigraft seroma 1 year after ascending aorta replacement for acute type A dissection. After removing a cloudy yellow fluid, we covered the prosthetic graft with fibrin glue and wrapped it with a new graft. Bacterial culture and laboratory examination of the fluid confirmed the final diagnosis of perigraft seroma, and there was no evidence of recurrence. The area in which fluid accumulated around the graft shrunk 1 year after surgery.Conclusions﻿The cause of a expanding perigraft after repair of the thoracic aorta remains unknown. Physicians should be aware that chronic expanding mediastinal seroma with Dacron grafts is one of the rare postoperative complications of thoracic aortic surgery. Applying fibrin glue to the graft surface might effectively prevent the recurrence of perigraft seroma.