bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of biomechanical forces and MALAT1/miR‐329‐5p/PRIP signalling on glucocorticoid‐induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Li Guomin , Li Bing , Li Bo , Zhao Jie , Wang Xiaoquan , Luo Rui , Li Yankun , Liu Jun , Hu Ruyin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGlucocorticoid‐induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (GIONFH) is a common orthopaedic disease. GIONFH primarily manifests clinically as hip pain in the early stages, followed by the collapse of the femoral head, narrowing of the hip joint space and damage to the acetabulum, resulting in severely impaired mobility. However, the pathogenesis of GIONFH is not clearly understood. Recently, biomechanical forces and non‐coding RNAs have been suggested to play important roles in the pathogenesis of GIONFH. This study aimed to evaluate the role of biomechanical forced and non‐coding RNAs in GIONFH. We utilized an in vivo, rat model of GIONFH and used MRI, μCT, GIONFH‐TST (tail suspension test), GIONFH‐treadmill, haematoxylin and eosin staining, qRT‐PCR and Western blot analysis to analyse the roles of biomechanical forces and non‐coding RNAs in GIONFH. We used RAW264.7 cells and MC3T3E1 cells to verify the role of MALAT1/miR‐329‐5p/PRIP signalling using a dual luciferase reporter assay, qRT‐PCR and Western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that MALAT1 and PRIP were up‐regulated in the femoral head tissues of GIONFH rats, RAW264.7 cells, and MC3T3E1 cells exposed to dexamethasone (Dex). Knockdown of MALAT1 decreased PRIP expression in rats and cultured cells and rescued glucocorticoid‐induced osteonecrosis of femoral head in rats. The dual luciferase reporter gene assay revealed a targeting relationship for MALAT1/miR‐329‐5p and miR‐329‐5p/PRIP in MC3T3E1 and RAW264.7 cells. In conclusion, MALAT1 played a vital role in the pathogenesis of GIONFH by binding to (‘sponging’) miR‐329‐5p to up‐regulate PRIP. Also, biomechanical forces aggravated the pathogenesis of GIONFH through MALAT1/miR‐329‐5p/PRIP signalling.
Comprehensive metabolomic profiling in early IgA nephropathy patients reveals urine glycine as a prognostic biomarker
Authors: Park Sehoon , Lee Jueun , Yang Seung Hee , Lee Hajeong , Kim Joo Young , Park Minkyoung , Kim Kyu Hong , Moon Jong Joo , Cho Semin , Lee Soojin , Kim Yaerim , Lee Hajeong , Lee Jung Pyo , Jeong Chang Wook , Kwak Cheol , Joo Kwon Wook , Lim Chun Soo , Kim Yon Su , Hwang Geum‐Sook , Kim Dong Ki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIdentification of a urinary metabolite biomarker with diagnostic or prognostic significance for early immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is needed. We performed nuclear magnetic resonance‐based metabolomic profiling and identified 26 metabolites in urine samples. We collected urine samples from 201, 77, 47, 36 and 136 patients with IgAN, patients with membranous nephropathy, patients with minimal change disease, patients with lupus nephritis and healthy controls, respectively. We determined whether a metabolite level is associated with the prognosis of IgAN through Cox regression and continuous net reclassification improvement (cNRI). Finally, in vitro experiments with human kidney tubular epithelial cells (hTECs) were performed for experimental validation. As the results, the urinary glycine level was higher in the IgAN group than the control groups. A higher urinary glycine level was associated with lower risk of eGFR 30% decline in IgAN patients. The addition of glycine to a predictive model including clinicopathologic information significantly improved the predictive power for the prognosis of IgAN [cNRI 0.72 (0.28‐0.82)]. In hTECs, the addition of glycine ameliorated inflammatory signals induced by tumour necrosis factor‐α. Our study demonstrates that urinary glycine may have diagnostic and prognostic value for IgAN and indicates that urinary glycine is a protective biomarker for IgAN.
cIAP1/2 are involved in the radiosensitizing effect of birinapant on NSCLC cell line in vitro
Authors: Sun Hao , Du Yanan , Yao Ming , Wang Qin , Ji Kaihua , Du Liqing , Xu Chang , He Ningning , Wang Jinhan , Zhang Manman , Liu Yang , Wang Yan , Wen Kaixue , Liu Qiang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTumour radioresistance is a major problem for cancer radiation therapy. To identify the underlying mechanisms of this resistance, we used human non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and focused on the Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein (IAP) family, which contributes to tumourigenesis and chemoresistance. We investigated the possible correlation between radioresistance in six NSCLC cell lines and IAP protein levels and tested the radiosensitizing effect of birinapant in vitro, a molecule that mimics the second mitochondria‐derived activator of caspase. We found that birinapant‐induced apoptosis and inhibited the proliferation of NSCLC cells after exposure to radiation. These effects were induced by birinapant downregulation of cIAP protein levels and changes of cIAP gene expression. Overall, birinapant can inhibit tumour growth of NSCLC cell lines to ironizing radiation and act as a promising strategy to overcome radioresistance in NSCLC.
6‐Shogaol induces apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells by targeting p53 signalling pathway and generation of reactive oxygen species
Authors: Najafi Dorcheh Somayeh , Rahgozar Soheila , Talei Daryush 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCombination therapies, using medicinal herbs, are broadly recommended to attenuate the chemotherapy adverse effects. Based on our previous findings considering the anti‐leukaemic effects of ginger extract on acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) cells, the present study was aimed to investigate the anti‐cancer role of this pharmaceutical plant on ALL mice models. Moreover, we worked towards identifying the most anti‐leukaemic derivative of ginger and the mechanism through which it may exert its cytotoxic impact. In vivo experiments were performed using five groups of six C57BL/6 nude mice, and the anti‐leukaemic activity of ginger extract alone or in combination with methotrexate (MTX) was examined. Results showed increased survival rate and reduced damages in mice brain and liver tissues. Subsequently, MTT assay demonstrated synergistic growth inhibitory effect of 6‐shogaol (6Sh) and MTX on ALL cell lines and patients primary cells. Eventually, the molecular anti‐neoplastic mechanism of 6Sh was evaluated using Bioinformatics. Flow cytometry illustrated 6Sh‐mediated apoptosis in Nalm‐6 cells confirmed by Western blotting and RT‐PCR assays. Further analyses exhibited the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through 6Sh. The current study revealed the in vivo novel anti‐leukaemic role of ginger extract, promoted by MTX. Moreover, 6‐shogaol was introduced as the major player of ginger cytotoxicity through inducing p53 activity and ROS generation.
Comparative clinical outcomes of insulin degludec and insulin glargine 300 U/mL after switching from other basal insulins in real‐world patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Oya Junko , Nakagami Tomoko , Hasegawa Yukiko , Katamine Aki , Kondo Yuichiro , Babazono Tetsuya 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo evaluate and compare the efficacy of insulin degludec (IDeg) and insulin glargine 300 U/mL (Gla300) 6 months after switching from other basal insulins by assessing the changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI), and insulin doses in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in a real‐world clinical setting.Materials and MethodsA total of 307 patients with type 1 diabetes and 294 patients with type 2 diabetes with HbA1c >7.0% were studied. Adjusted mean changes in HbA1c, BMI, and insulin doses were compared between IDeg (IDeg group) and Gla300 (Gla300 group) switchers. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out to examine whether the IDeg or Gla300 group was associated with HbA1c or insulin dose reduction and BMI gain.ResultsHbA1c was significantly decreased in both the IDeg and Gla300 groups. Adjusted mean changes in HbA1c (approximately −0.3% and −0.5% in type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes patients, respectively) and BMI were similar between both groups. The mean change in insulin dose was slightly larger for dose reduction in the IDeg group than in the Gla300 group. Multivariable logistic regression models showed that the IDeg group was significantly associated with insulin dose reduction after adjusting for basal insulin type, insulin dose, and number of basal insulin injections at baseline and other confounding factors.ConclusionsThe current study suggested that IDeg and Gla300 have similar effects in reducing HbA1c and gaining BMI after switching from other basal insulins in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. IDeg selection was associated with insulin dose reduction.
Economy‐wide material system analysis: Mapping material flows through the economy
Authors: Kovanda Jan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article proposes a new approach for mapping material flows through the economy referred to as economy‐wide material system analysis (EW‐MSA). EW‐MSA monitors material flows along production chains, connects manufacturing and use of various products with related emission flows, and shows how waste is recycled. The quantification of material flows in EW‐MSA is carried out by unambiguously defined EW‐MSA indicators. The data on EW‐MSA indicators are organized in an EW‐MSA database while the results of EW‐MSA can be clearly presented with Sankey flow charts. The proposed method was tested using the Czech Republic as a case study. It shows that the Czech Republic is an open economy, as more manufactured products are exported than used domestically. The total physical stock of materials in the economy is continuously growing and only about 7% of total material input into manufacturing is composed of secondary materials. Manufacturing of motor vehicles and transport equipment is highly dependent on imported materials and a significant amount of waste from motor vehicles’ manufacture and use is exported instead of being recycled and returned to the manufacturing process. Further development and use of EW‐MSA should go hand in hand with the development of needed data sources: Only a fraction of data was directly accessible in the official statistics while the rest had to be modeled with the use of other data and various coefficients. This burdened the results with some uncertainties.
Assessing the role of mid upper arm circumference in identification of low birthweight and wasting in early infancy in India
Authors: Seth Bageshree , Chorghe Jagravi , Revathi Natesan , Setia Maninder S 
Published: May 2021

AimWe conducted this study to examine the mid upper‐arm circumference (MUAC) of full‐term infants from birth to 6 months; construct gender‐specific MUAC graphs; and assess the role of MUAC as a surrogate marker for low birthweight and wasting in infants younger than 6 months.MethodsThis is a prospective longitudinal study of 268 (133 female and 135 male) new‐borns in a tertiary care centre in Navi Mumbai, India. We measured weight, length, head circumference and MUAC. We drew the MUAC curves for the first 6 months using the mean MUAC and standard deviation (SD) values and assessed the diagnostic test properties of MUAC at birth as a marker of low birthweight.ResultsThe mean (SD) birthweight of the male and female new‐borns was 2756.2 g (368.1) and 2803.8 g (326.2), respectively (P = 0.25). The mean (SD) MUAC at birth was 8.7 (0.3) cm in males and 8.8 (0.2) cm in females, respectively (P = 0.14). The plotted mean MUAC curve in infants who were classified with wasting was between the −1SD and −2SD in both genders. The sensitivity and NPV for detecting low birthweight were 100% at cut‐off of 8.6 cm in females and 8.7 cm in males, respectively (area under the curve: 0.92 (females) and 0.96 (males)).ConclusionMUAC may be a good proxy for low birthweight at birth and the curves from our study show that it may also help in the diagnosis of wasting in infants below 6 months of age in the community, particularly in resource‐constrained settings.
Efficient cloning of tilapia lake virus complementary DNAs using an in vivo strategy in baker's yeast
Authors: Cueva Mario D. , Villena Gretty K. , Kitazono Ana A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCloning and protein expression in heterologous systems are very useful tools for the study of viral proteins. In this work, an in vivo cloning strategy was applied using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as an efficient and low‐cost method to clone several cDNAs from the tilapia lake virus (TiLV). Samples of infected tilapia Oreochromis niloticus tissues were taken and used to isolate their RNA and to obtain and clone the ten viral cDNAs in a shuttle plasmid. The cloning efficiencies range from 5 to 100% but for seven of the cDNAs the values were above 40%, demonstrating the high efficiency of the method.
Size‐based survival of cultured Argopecten purpuratus (L, 1819) under severe hypoxia
Authors: Cueto‐Vega Rosa , Flye‐Sainte‐Marie Jonathan , Aguirre‐Velarde Arturo , Jean Fred , Gil‐Kodaka Patricia , Thouzeau Gérard 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDuring recent years, mass mortalities of cultured scallops became more frequent in Peruvian bays. One of the main drivers related to these mortalities was hypoxic events. This study was designed to understand the hypoxia phenomenon in these bays and to assess how the Peruvian scallop, Argopecten purpuratus, can cope with reduced oxygen levels in seawater based on individual size. First, we analyzed the relationships between dissolved oxygen saturation and other environmental parameters (the Coastal El Niño Index, temperature, salinity and pH) in bottom seawater, the frequency and intensity of hypoxic events in two main culture areas (Sechura and Paracas Bays), and their relationship with scallop mass mortalities. Then, we performed experiments with two size groups of A. purpuratus (31 and 80 mm shell height; seed and commercial size, respectively) to assess their respective survival time under severe hypoxia (1% oxygen saturation) at 16°C and a salinity of 35. Finally, the results of the field records and the experimental data are used to suggest ways to improve scallop cultivation along the Peruvian coast.
Role of enteric dopaminergic neurons in regulating peristalsis of rat proximal colon
Authors: Nakamori Hiroyuki , Noda Kenta , Mitsui Retsu , Hashitani Hikaru 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundConstipation is commonly seen in patients with Parkinson's disease associated with a loss of dopaminergic neurons in both central and enteric nervous systems. However, the roles of enteric dopaminergic neurons in developing constipation remain to be elucidated. Here, we investigated the roles of enteric dopaminergic neurons in the generation of colonic peristalsis.MethodsCannulated segments of rat proximal colon were situated in the organ bath, abluminally perfused with physiological salt solution and luminally perfused with 0.9% saline. Drugs were applied in the abluminal solution. Changes in diameter along the length of the colonic segment were captured by a video camera and transformed into spatio‐temporal maps. Fluorescence immunohistochemistry was also carried out.Key ResultsBlockade of nitrergic neurotransmission prevented oro‐aboral propagation of peristaltic waves and caused a colonic constriction without affecting ripples, non‐propagating myogenic contractions. Blockade of cholinergic neurotransmission also prevented peristaltic waves but suppressed ripples with a colonic dilatation. Tetrodotoxin (0.6 μM) abolished peristaltic waves and increased ripples with a constriction. SCH 23390 (20 μM), a D1‐like dopamine receptor antagonist, slowed the peristaltic waves and caused a constriction, while GBR 12909 (1 μM), a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, diminished the peristaltic waves with a dilatation. Bath‐applied dopamine (3 μM) abolished the peristaltic waves associated with a colonic dilation in an SCH 23390 (5 μM)‐sensitive manner. D1 receptor immunoreactivity was co‐localized to nitrergic and cholinergic neurons.Conclusions and InferencesDopaminergic neurons appear to facilitate nitrergic neurons via D1‐like receptors to stabilize asynchronous contractile activity resulting in the generation of colonic peristalsis.
The role of muscular traction in the occurrence of skeletal relapse after advancement bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO): A systematic review
Authors: Van den Bempt Maxim , Vinayahalingam Shankeeth , Han Michael D. , Bergé Stefaan J. , Xi Tong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aim of this systematic review was (i) to determine the role of muscular traction in the occurrence of skeletal relapse after advancement BSSO and (ii) to investigate the effect of advancement BSSO on the perimandibular muscles. This systematic review reports in accordance with the recommendations proposed by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Electronic database searches were performed in the databases MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library. Inclusion criteria were as follows: assessment of relapse after advancement BSSO; assessment of morphological and functional change of the muscles after advancement BSSO; and clinical studies on human subjects. Exclusion criteria were as follows: surgery other than advancement BSSO; studies in which muscle activity/traction was not investigated; and case reports with a sample of five cases or fewer, review articles, meta‐analyses, letters, congress abstracts or commentaries. Of the initial 1006 unique articles, 11 studies were finally included. In four studies, an intervention involving the musculature was performed with subsequent assessment of skeletal relapse. The changes in the morphological and functional properties of the muscles after BSSO were studied in seven studies. The findings of this review demonstrate that the perimandibular musculature plays a role in skeletal relapse after advancement BSSO and may serve as a target for preventive strategies to reduce this complication. However, further research is necessary to (i) develop a better understanding of the role of each muscle group, (ii) to develop new therapeutic strategies and (iii) to define criteria that allow identification of patients at risk.
Dealing with multiple principals in at arm's length organizations: A qualitative study of Dutch municipally owned corporations
Authors: Voorn Bart , van Genugten Marieke 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhile we have increasing knowledge of causes and effects of municipal corporatization, we know relatively little about governance of municipally owned corporations (MOCs). The literature has pointed to various governance problems that can occur when MOCs are owned by multiple municipalities. We conduct six case studies into Dutch jointly owned MOCs to understand governance problems that occur in these MOCs and coordination mechanisms used to overcome these problems. We find various governance problems, including free‐riding and duplication in governance and lobbying of MOCs. We also find coordination mechanisms in place that help bridge differences in interests between municipalities, wherein local civil services play a particularly large role. The result is a level of consensus and stewardship in MOCs, regardless of context. However, this is undermined by interventions of municipal councils of individual municipal owners in private‐law MOCs, and the conflict of interest of the municipal executive board as both principal and agent in public‐law MOCs.
Do organizational differences matter for the use of social media by public organizations? A computational analysis of the way the German police use Twitter for external communication
Authors: Jungblut Marc , Jungblut Jens 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUsing a neo‐institutional framework, this study investigates how German police use Twitter for their communication. This is relevant, because the police increasingly use social media to bypass the media's gatekeeping function and attain increased agency in communication activities. However, little is known about their different communication strategies and their impact on user engagement. The analysis is based on an automated content analysis of all tweets (N = 137,771) sent out by the German police in 2019. It identifies different patterns regarding the usage of Twitter between police entities on different levels of governance and in differing types of environments and examines how these patterns translate into different levels of user engagement. We find that German police entities differ in their use of Twitter and that environmental and organizational aspects can explain these differences. Moreover, different patterns of social media usage also lead to differing levels of user engagement.
Cephalic biomechanics underpins the evolutionary success of trilobites
Authors: Esteve Jorge , Marcé‐Nogué Jordi , Pérez‐Peris Francesc , Rayfield Emily 
Published: May 2021

AbstractArthropods (i.e. insects, spiders, crustaceans, myriapods and others), are the most successful Phanerozoic animals. The group is characterized by the possession of a segmented body, jointed limbs and a hard cuticle that is episodically moulted. One highly successful but now extinct group of arthropods is the trilobites. Trilobites underwent episodic moulting (ecdysis), and most trilobites possess facial sutures, lines of weakness in the cephalon, via which the exuviae is shed and the animal emerges. However, zones of weakness appear to represent a structural trade‐off or constraint, particularly during burrowing; sacrificing a consolidated head region useful in burrowing for the ability to moult. Here we reconcile this trade‐off by using biomechanical modelling to demonstrate that facial sutures exist in regions of low stress during the application of burrowing loads. Furthermore, facial sutures and the structure of the cephalon enable sutured trilobites to withstand greater stresses than their non‐suture counterparts. We suggest that this ability to withstand greater burrowing loads enabled trilobites to successfully invade bioturbated and more consolidated sediments of the Cambrian Sediment Revolution, thus facilitating their diversification in the Cambrian and Ordovician and contributing to the evolutionary success of this iconic arthropod group.
OsPHR2modulates phosphate starvation‐inducedOsMYC2signalling and resistance toXanthomonas oryzaepv.oryzae
Authors: Kong Yaze , Wang Gang , Chen Xian , Li Linying , Zhang Xueying , Chen Sangtian , He Yuqing , Hong Gaojie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPhosphate (Pi) and MYC2‐mediated jasmonate (JA) pathway play critical roles in plant growth and development. In particular, crosstalk between JA and Pi starvation signalling has been reported to mediate insect herbivory resistance in dicot plants. However, its roles and mechanism in monocot‐bacterial defense systems remain obscure. Here, we report that Pi starvation in rice activates the OsMYC2 signalling and enhances resistance toXanthomonas oryzaepv.oryzae(Xoo) infection. The direct regulation of OsPHR2 on theOsMYC2promoter was confirmed by yeast one‐hybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift, dual‐luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Molecular analyses and infection studies usingOsPHR2‐Ov1andphr2mutants further demonstrated that OsPHR2 enhances antibacterial resistance via transcriptional regulation ofOsMYC2expression, indicating a positive role of OsPHR2‐OsMYC2crosstalk in modulating the OsMYC2 signalling andXooinfection. Genetic analysis and infection assays usingmyc2mutants revealed that Pi starvation‐induced OsMYC2 signalling activation and consequentXooresistance depends on the regulation ofOsMYC2. Together, these results reveal a clear interlink between Pi starvation‐ and OsMYC2‐ signalling in monocot plants, and provide new insight into how plants balance growth and defence by integrating nutrient deficiency and phytohormone signalling.We highlighted a molecular link connecting OsMYC2‐mediated JA pathway and phosphate starvation signalling in monocot plant. We demonstrated that phosphate starvation promoted OsMYC2 signalling to enhance rice defence to bacterial blight via transcriptional regulation of OsPHR2 onOsMYC2.