bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
About the possibility of application of laser vacuum welding for the integration of elements of heat-protective structures from powder materials
Authors: Alnusirat Walid , Salenko Alexandr , Chencheva Olga , Shlyk Sergii , Gusarova Irina , Potapov Alexandr 
Published: September 2021

The results of studying the process of laser vacuum welding of elements of heat-shielding panels made of heat-resistant dispersion-strengthened powder materials Ni-20Cr-6Al-Ti-Y2O3 of increased strength are presented. Such materials can be used to create ultralight heat-shielding panels, which are systems integrated on the surface of aircraft from typical modules of a cellular structure.
Technical solutions of heat-insulating modules are considered, which are a cellular (honeycomb) structure consisting of two plates with a thickness of 0.1 to 0.14 mm, inside which there is a thin honeycomb filler. It is shown that the small thickness of the plates and the complexity of integrating the elements into a single system significantly impair the formation of a strong connection of such elements and do not allow the direct use of the known methods of diffusion welding or vacuum brazing.
It has been established that laser welding of elements of heat-shielding structures in vacuum provides satisfactory strength of the structure of the heat-shielding element as a whole. Local heating at certain points prevents deformation of the parts to be joined during the welding process. The use of a pulsed Nd:Yag laser with a power of 400–500 W, operating in the frequency range of 50–200 Hz, allows welding with or without a filler powder. It was found that the use of filler additives practically does not affect the mechanical properties of the welded joint, however, it reduces the melt zone, while increasing the density of the welded joint.
Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that it is possible to use laser vacuum welding for the integration of thin elements of heat-shielding modules. It is shown that a satisfactory joint strength is achieved by ensuring high cleanliness of the surfaces of elements before welding, maintaining a high vacuum (less than 10–2 Pa) and rational thermal loading of the surfaces of the elements to be integrated.
The use of the proposed process makes it possible to obtain a stronger and denser seam in comparison with the known methods of soldering multicomponent powder dispersion-strengthened materials
AcceleDent Aura does not influence treatment duration or number of visits
Authors: Miles Peter , Pandis Nikolaos 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Many techniques and appliances claim to reduce orthodontic treatment time, one of which is micro-vibration applied by the AcceleDent Aura appliance.

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to report compliance with AcceleDent Aura and to assess any effect on treatment duration, number of visits and bond failures.

Methods
Forty Class II adolescent subjects were randomly assigned to use the AcceleDent Aura appliance or no AcceleDent Aura device during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances involving maxillary premolar extractions. Compliance was recorded by the AcceleDent Aura appliance and reported for the first 13 months. Overall treatment duration, the number of visits and number of bond failures were also recorded.

Results
AcceleDent compliance reduced over time from a mean 77.8% usage at the start to a mean of 39.5% by the thirteenth month. There was no difference in the number of bond failures between groups (p = 0.54) and there was no evidence that the use of the Acceledent Aura appliance influenced treatment duration (p = 0.26) or the number of visits (p = 0.56).

Conclusions
The AcceleDent Aura appliance had no significant effect on treatment duration, number of visits or the number of bond failures. Compliance with the appliance waned significantly over time.
A clinically based review of patient and treatment characteristics in West Australian private orthodontic practices
Authors: Lam Raymond , Mustac Simone , Goonewardene Mithran S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective
To describe patient and treatment characteristics in West Australian private orthodontic practices.

Methods
A quantitative retrospective cross-sectional study of patient records from private practices in Western Australia was conducted. Permission was sought to access clinical records of 100 most recently-treated patients at each participating practice. A sample of 3,200 patients (response rate 84%) was collected, representing approximately one-third of practices in Western Australia, and simple descriptive statistics were applied to assess patient and treatment characteristics.

Results
The majority of patients were female (58.5%), adolescent and had private health insurance (75.6%). The most common patient complaint was crowding (37.6%) and aesthetics (21.3%). Data analysis indicated that 31% of patients were self-referred and a similar proportion did not have a specific complaint. Adult females had a higher interest in aesthetic options. Over half of the patients (56%) received first phase treatment, and non-extraction orthodontics accounted for 61.6% of cases. Full fixed appliances were the most commonly prescribed device (94%). The acceptance rate of orthognathic surgery, when offered, was approximately 30%.

Conclusion
Clinical data relating to actual patient presentations provide an invaluable insight into the realities of private practice. The eventual course of treatment is often determined by the patient’s tolerances and expectations as much as a clinical recommendation.
Facial soft tissue norms in Caucasians using an innovative three-dimensional approach
Authors: Ponnusamy Anand , Goonewardene Mithran S. , Mian Ajmal , Eastwood Peter , Rea Alethea , Islam Syed 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background and aim
Contemporary orthodontic and surgical treatment goals are primarily focussed on achieving optimal aesthetic soft tissue outcomes in three dimensions. It is important, therefore, to establish valid three-dimensional normative models to assist in clinical decision-making. Ideally, such models should be customised to a patient’s individual facial proportions. The aim of this study was to establish the most pleasing computer generated 3D facial form using a community-based sample population.

Methods
Three-dimensional facial surface data (3dMDface) were obtained from 375 young adult Caucasians (195 males and 180 females, all approximately 22 years old) without craniofacial anomalies, all of whom were participants in The Raine Study in Western Australia with participants from Generation 2. These data were used to generate seven faces that represented the variations in convexity distributed evenly around an average. The faces were subsequently rated by orthodontists, oral surgeons, plastic surgeons, dentists and laypeople for attractiveness.

Results and conclusion
Age, sex and occupation did not influence the preference among the various faces. The average face was rated as the most attractive. For males, a slightly concave profile and for females a slightly convex profile was preferred. The present study suggested that orthodontic/surgical treatment of Caucasians should be directed towards achieving an average facial form.
Orthodontic knowledge and referral patterns: a survey of paediatric specialists and general dental practitioners
Authors: Barzilay Vered , Ratson Tal , Sadan Noa , Dagon Nurit , Shpack Nir 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Early diagnosis and referral is essential in order to provide the best orthodontic care. Paediatric specialists (PSs) and general dental practitioners (GDPs) are usually the first dental professionals to diagnose a malocclusion.

Aim
To evaluate the knowledge and approach of PSs and GDPs in the management of children in reference to the timing of referral and early orthodontic intervention.

Methods
A survey assessed referral patterns and the respondents’ orthodontic knowledge regarding treatment timing and indications for early treatment in the early and late mixed dentition.

Results
One hundred and seventeen dentists participated in the study, of whom 79 were GDPs and 38 were PSs. The average total accuracy score in a 27-knowledge questionnaire was 68.6%, resulting in a statistically significant difference between the PSs and the GDPs. This difference arose from confusion regarding the prevention of maxillary permanent canine impaction and the need for a leeway space maintainer.

Conclusions
The GDPs and the PSs had a sound knowledge of orthodontics and a reasonable referral pattern, although the knowledge of PSs was significantly higher than that of the GDPs. There is a need for further education regarding orthodontic treatment needs and timing both in undergraduate/postgraduate training as well as in professional continuing education programs.
Growth-enabling modified Groper appliance for the replacement of permanent maxillary incisors: Report of two cases
Authors: Arikan Volkan , Ocal Duygu , Akcay Merve , Altug Ayse Tuba , Ozer Levent , Cesur Emre 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The aim of this case report is to introduce a modified Groper appliance that enables transverse growth of the maxilla in addition to improving the aesthetics of patients with missing anterior teeth. Patient 1 was a 16-year-old young woman in the late stages of growth who presented with a congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisor. Patient 2 was a nine-year-old girl missing both of her maxillary central incisors due to trauma. The missing teeth were replaced by artificial acrylic teeth bonded onto growth-enabling, maxillary, fixed palatal space maintainers. A tube was soldered onto one of the arch wires of the maintainer and the opposite arch wire was threaded into this tube, allowing it to slide until the patient completed growth. Intermolar width increased by approximately 1.9 mm in Patient 1 and 2.6 mm in Patient 2 over the three-year review period. The in-tube mechanical design of the device allowed transverse growth of the maxilla without interference during and throughout long-term wear.
Social media and orthodontics: An analysis of orthodontic-related posts on Instagram
Authors: Buyuk Suleyman Kutalmış , Alpaydın Mehmed Taha , Imamoglu Tugce 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective
The objective of this study was to determine the quality and content of orthodontic-related posts on Instagram.

Materials and methods
Eight orthodontic-related ‘hashtags’ were determined, and a total of 240 posts divided into 30 posts from each hashtag were investigated at two different time periods. Duplicate and unrelated posts were excluded from the study.

Results
A total of 227 Instagram posts (182 photographs, 45 videos) were analysed at two evaluation periods. The number of deleted Instagram posts was 13 and all were photographs. Most educational content was liked in the #orthodontics hashtag of the eight determined hashtags (p < 0.02). Most posts were shared for advertising purposes by other hashtags. Most posts were shared by dental professionals (152 posts). The group that shared the least number of posts were the dental companies (seven posts).

Conclusions
It was noted that Instagram is mainly used by dental professionals rather than for advertising purposes. Orthodontists should be aware of the content of social media platforms and educate and direct their patients towards correct and reliable Instagram resources.
A stepwise approach to the correction of excessive gingival display: an integrative review of the literature
Authors: Hung Yi-Jun , Lin I-Ping , Wang Szu-Han , Lai Eddie Hsiang-Hua 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Excessive gingival display is an aesthetic concern for patients and a challenge for clinicians. An accurate diagnosis is essential in order to provide effective treatment.

Aim
The aim of the present article is to fill a gap in the current literature by providing clinicians with an overview and a stepwise approach to assessing gingival excess, as well as reviewing possible treatment.

Method
Published articles related to smile aesthetics and excessive gingival display over the last 40 years were identified and analysed through an electronic search.

Results
An examination should be initiated extra-orally to distinguish contributing skeletal factors. The relationships of four aesthetic parameters (LIPG): lip length (L), incisal lines (I), tooth proportions (P), and gingival lines (G), should be examined individually to determine other possible causes of gingival excess. Contributing factors may include a short or hypermobile upper lip, dentoalveolar extrusion, or altered passive eruption. Further investigation to identify patients who might benefit from orthognathic surgery, orthodontic treatment alone, lip repositioning or botulinum injection, or aesthetic crown lengthening procedures, should be conducted to reconfirm a diagnosis and provide the optimal treatment.

Conclusion
Clinicians can have a dental blueprint for anterior tooth reconstruction and are able to provide comprehensive treatment in co-operation with other disciplines. By understanding the principles of an aesthetic smile line, the aetiology of an excessive gingival display and treatment concepts, clinicians may provide alternative treatments to avoid extensive surgical procedures while achieving acceptable outcomes.
Maxillary distraction osteogenesis and a Le Fort I osteotomy for severe maxillary retrognathia in cleft lip and palate: a case report
Authors: Fowler Peter V. , Steenberg Leon , Nguyen Tung 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
The correction of severe maxillary retrognathia in patients presenting with a cleft palate is challenging due to the complexity of the orthodontic preparation and the magnitude of the surgical movements required, along with the relatively high risk of relapse.

Materials and methods
An 18-year-old Caucasian male with a repaired left-side unilateral cleft lip and palate presented with concerns relating to poor facial aesthetics and poor occlusion. Multidisciplinary treatment involving orthodontics and orthognathic surgery were undertaken to correct the severe maxillary retrognathia. The correction involved the use of internal distraction osteogenesis followed by a conventional maxillary Le Fort I advancement with rotation.

Results
Pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalogram measurements showed the maxilla was advanced 18 mm, rotated clockwise producing a 9 mm increase in vertical dimension at A point and a 7 mm gain in relative arch width across the first molars. Follow-up CBCT superimpositions showed excellent skeletal stability of the achieved anterior-posterior, lateral and vertical corrections over a 2.4-year period, although there was some minor dental relapse.

Conclusion
This case report illustrates the successful use of orthodontics and distraction osteogenesis followed by conventional Le Fort I advancement surgery to correct a severely retrognathic maxilla in a patient with a repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate.
Interdisciplinary approach for a patient with excessive gingival display – a case report
Authors: Hung Yi-Jun , Lin I-Ping , Lai Eddie Hsiang-Hua 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Excessive gingival display is often an aesthetic concern for patients and a challenge for clinicians. Multiple causes are possible and focused treatment options should be considered. The aim of this article is to emphasise the importance of interdisciplinary treatment for patients presenting with excessive gingival display. A 49-year-old female patient who suffered from prominent teeth and a gummy smile was diagnosed with skeletal and dental Class II relationships and a hypermobile upper lip. Aesthetically pleasing outcomes and stable occlusal function were achieved as a result of orthodontic treatment and a surgical lip repositioning procedure. The outcome was maintained after a two-year follow–up.
The impact of treatment cost on low SES families: an orthodontic viewpoint
Authors: Smith Lee , Jack Hannah , Antoun Joseph , Fowler Peter , Blanch Keely , Foster Page Lyndie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
It is reported that in New Zealand financially disadvantaged adolescents are less likely to access orthodontic treatment than the more affluent in society.

Objectives
The aim of the study was to investigate the attitudes of a group of New Zealand orthodontists towards the current fee-for-service model of treatment funding. A second aim was to explore orthodontists’ perceptions of how the affordability of orthodontic treatment affects low socio-economic families.

Methods
As part of the project, 11 volunteer orthodontists were interviewed. A subsequent content analysis of the collected data was performed.

Results
Most participants reported that parents would feel inadequate if they were unable to secure orthodontic treatment for their child; however, some participants also indicated that it was common for parents to ‘go without’ to fund their child’s treatment. Most participants maintained that the government should only fund treatment for severely disabling malocclusions but not other treatments due to the limited health budget and orthodontic treatment being primarily considered for aesthetic reasons. Some participants reported that if the government funded orthodontic treatment, it would result in over subscription and compromised standards of care.

Conclusion
Despite some low socio-economic families being unable to access orthodontic treatment because of the expense, the current fee-for-service model may be the best method for delivering high standards of orthodontic care.
Considering malocclusion as a disability
Authors: Blanch Keely , Antoun Joe , Smith Lee , Jack Hannah , Fowler Peter , Page Lyndie Foster 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Numerous studies have indicated that a malocclusion possibly affects young people’s well-being and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Dento-facial aesthetics may influence how people are judged and may elicit social consequences such as bullying and negative comments. The present study aimed to explore the impact of a malocclusion on young New Zealanders who sought subsidised treatment from the Wish for a Smile (WFAS) organisation and to determine their motivation for seeking care.

Method
A qualitative thematic analysis of 151 application letters to WFAS from young people (aged 11–18 years) and their caregivers was supplemented by telephone interviews of nine successful and nine unsuccessful applicants to explore their experiences through their own words.

Results
In both the letters and the interviews, young people most commonly reported psychological impacts, followed by social and emotional effects associated with their malocclusion. Physical impacts were less commonly reported. In their application letters, caregivers, although at lower frequencies, reported that the young people experienced the same impacts. One caregiver referred to the young person’s malocclusion as a temporary disability.

Conclusion
For some young people, a malocclusion may lead to social consequences that are disabling. When considering funding options, it is important to note the individual experience and the impact that a malocclusion might have upon the young person’s well-being.
Prevalence of cervical vertebrae anomalies in patients with cleft lip and palate
Authors: Kharbanda Om Prakash , Qureshi Tabassum , Kandasamy Devasenathipathy 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the prevalence of cervical vertebral anomalies (CVA) in a group of patients presenting with cleft lip and palate (CLP) and to compare with a non-cleft population.

Material and methods
The sample comprised of 150 lateral cephalograms of non-syndromic patients with CLP and 150 non-cleft age-matched controls. The age range of both groups covered 6 to 20 years. An expert radiologist blinded to the cleft status evaluated the cephalograms for CVA and categorised them into normal, fusion, dehiscence and multiple cervical anomalies. The cleft group was subdivided according to the types of cleft (UCLP/ BCLP/ CPO) and gender (male/female). The CVA prevalence was compared between the cleft and non-cleft patients.

Results
The prevalence of CVA was 37.7% and 20.7% in cleft and non-cleft patients, respectively. The difference was statistically significant with a p-value <0.01. Of the types of clefts, a left UCLP had the highest prevalence of CVA (47.2%), with fusion (35.8%) most commonly seen. On comparing CLP with CPO, no significant variation was observed between the types of anomalies.

Conclusions
A high prevalence of CVA was observed in cleft patients compared with non-cleft subjects. The prevalence of CVA was similar between males and females. The practitioner should carefully evaluate the lateral cephalogram of CLP patients for CVA, which otherwise may remain undetected and lead to neurological symptoms later in life.
Development of peripheral ossifying fibroma following micro-osteoperforation
Authors: Alshihri Abdulmonem , Salem Daliah , Lerman Mark A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Micro-osteoperforation (MOP) is a newly developed technique reported to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement.

Case presentation
The following case report discusses a peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF), as a reactive gingival nodule that developed eight weeks after a patient underwent transmucosal MOP at multiple sites in the mandible during orthodontic treatment.

Conclusion
The MOP procedure is a relatively new approach applied to orthodontics that may induce gingival reactive nodules. Clinicians should be aware of this possible sequela and inform patients of the potential risk.
The impact of orthodontic treatment on the dental occlusion and oral health-related quality of life of individuals with cleft lip and/or palate
Authors: Chapman Rebecca , Fowler Peter , Antoun Joseph , Page Lyndie Foster 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Children with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) are a special group of orthodontic patients. Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) is an important aspect of treatment outcome that is becoming popular in its application in orthodontics, but its relationship with clinical treatment outcomes remains unclear.

Objectives
To compare OHRQoL and clinical treatment outcomes of a sample of children with cleft lip and/or palate and non-cleft children before and after orthodontic treatment in order to determine whether there is an association between the two outcome measures.

Methods
A prospective observational longitudinal study was conducted of 60 consecutive adolescent patients (33 CL/P and 27 non-cleft) who received orthodontic treatment at Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand. The two outcome measures were a self-reported OHRQoL outcome assessed by the short form 8 item Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ-ISF 8) and an orthodontic treatment outcome assessed by the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index.

Results
Both CL/P and non-cleft groups had comparable pretreatment malocclusion severity with similar baseline and end of treatment OHRQoL. Although both groups showed similar improvements in OHRQoL following orthodontic treatment, the non-cleft group had significantly greater improvement in their PAR outcome. There was no association detected between OHRQoL and the PAR improvement.

Conclusion
Both study groups had similar OHRQoL changes following orthodontic treatment despite the non-cleft group having better orthodontic treatment outcomes. There is a lack of correlation between the patient’s self-assessment OHRQoL and clinically based orthodontic treatment outcomes.