bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An explanationist account of genealogical defeat
Authors: Korman Daniel Z. , Locke Dustin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSometimes, learning about the origins of a belief can make it irrational to continue to hold that belief—a phenomenon we call ‘genealogical defeat’. According to explanationist accounts, genealogical defeat occurs when one learns that there is no appropriate explanatory connection between one's belief and the truth. Flatfooted versions of explanationism have been widely and rightly rejected on the grounds that they would disallow beliefs about the future and other inductively‐formed beliefs. After motivating the need for some explanationist account, we raise some problems for recent versions of explanationism. Learning from their failures, we then produce and defend a more resilient explanationism.
The politics of referendum rules: Evidence from New Zealand (1893–2016)
Authors: McKay Spencer 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite widespread concerns about the manipulation of government‐initiated referendums, there has been little consideration of the long‐term effects of these institutional changes. Using a historical institutionalist framework, I examine two long‐standing processes of gradual institutional change in New Zealand: the serial referendum and the two‐stage referendum. Cabinet documents, parliamentary speeches, and previous analyses reveal that governments change referendums in unique ways depending on the political circumstances, including precedents set by earlier referendums. Once set in motion, these processes of gradual institutional change can fundamentally transform the functional qualities of the referendum over time. This article suggests that avoiding conceptions of referendums as discrete events can help clarify the challenges and potentials to democratizing popular votes.Related ArticlesLachapelle, Erick, Thomas Bergeron, Richard Nadeau, Jean‐François Daoust, Ruth Dassonneville, and Éric Bélanger. 2021. “Citizens' Willingness to Support New Taxes for COVID‐19 Measures and the Role of Trust.” Politics & Policy 49(3): 534–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12404Pierson, Chris, and Louise Humpage. 2016. “Coming Together or Drifting Apart? Income Maintenance in Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom.” Politics & Policy 44(2): 261–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12150Silagadze, Nanuli. 2021. “Abortion Referendums: Is There a Recipe for Success?” Politics & Policy 49(2): 352–89. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12398
Family disadvantage, gender, and the returns to genetic human capital*
Authors: Ronda Victor , Agerbo Esben , Bleses Dorthe , Mortensen Preben Bo , Børglum Anders , Mors Ole , Rosholm Michael , Hougaard David M. , Nordentoft Merete , Werge Thomas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the context‐dependence of genetic influences on human capital formation in Denmark. We show that the returns to genetic endowments are smaller for individuals who have experienced childhood disadvantage. We discuss how we can rule out omitted variables or measurement error bias as explanations, because we observe the attenuation effect of childhood disadvantage in both between‐family and within‐family analyses. Our results highlight an important mechanism driving the persistence of disadvantage across generations. We show that children who experience childhood disadvantage are not able to fully realize their educational potential, even in the context of the generous Danish welfare state.
Development of retinal bullae in dogs with progressive retinal atrophy
Authors: Marinho Luis Felipe L. P. , Occelli Laurence M. , Bortolini Mariza , Sun Kelian , Winkler Paige A. , Montiani‐Ferreira Fabiano , Petersen‐Jones Simon M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo report the development of focal bullous retinal detachments (bullae) in dogs with different forms of progressive retinal atrophy (PRA).ProceduresDogs with three distinct forms of PRA (PRA‐affected Whippets, German Spitzes and CNGB1‐mutant Papillon crosses) were examined by indirect ophthalmoscopy and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT). Retinal bullae were monitored over time. One CNGB1‐mutant dog was treated with gene augmentation therapy. The canine BEST1 gene coding region and flanking intronic sequence was sequenced in at least one affected dog of each breed.ResultsMultiple focal bullous retinal detachments (bullae) were identified in PRA‐affected dogs of all three types. They developed in 4 of 5 PRA‐affected Whippets, 3 of 8 PRA‐affected Germans Spitzes and 15 of 20 CNGB1‐mutant dogs. The bullae appeared prior to marked retinal degeneration and became less apparent as retinal degeneration progressed. Bullae were not seen in any heterozygous animals of any of the types of PRA. Screening of the coding region and flanking intronic regions of the canine BEST1 gene failed to reveal any associated pathogenic variants. Retinal gene augmentation therapy in one of the CNGB1‐mutant dogs appeared to prevent formation of bullae.ConclusionsRetinal bullae were identified in dogs with three distinct forms of progressive retinal atrophy. The lesions develop prior to retinal thinning. This clinical change should be monitored for in dogs with PRA.
TERENGGANU SOIL SERIES TEXTURAL CLASSIFICATION AND ITS IMPLICATION ON WATER CONSERVATION
Authors: Eng Giap Sunny Goh , - Rudiyanto , Jasni Zakiyyah , Ahmad Mohammad Fadhli 
Published: October 2021

The updated Terengganu soil series has been made known to the public in 2018 by the Department of Agriculture, Malaysia. One of the most important physical aspects not quantify is the parameter relating to soil’s ability to contain water and allow water infiltration. This information is necessary to help farmers to know the soil suitability characteristics. In the current study, we retrieve the soil particle size of the soil series for further investigation. A pedotransfer function was used to estimate the soil water retention. The properties were then used to estimate the field capacity (FC), permanent wilting point (PWP), and the plant available water (PAW). In this study, we found twelve soil series in Terengganu state. The soil series were categorized into clay, sand, loamy sand, silty clay loam, and clay loam. Batu Hitam, Tasik, Lubok Kiat, Kampong Pusu, Tok Yong, Jerangau, and Tersat Series were found as clay soil. Jambu and Rhu Tapai Series as sand soil. Rudua, Gondang, and Kuala Brang Series corresponded to clay loam, silty clay loam, and loamy sand. Among the soil series, Gondang Series appeared to be the most preferred soil for plantation due to its ability to give the highest plant available water, a lower water infiltration duration than clay, and it required lesser water for irrigation than the clay soil.
Saiz Organisasi Berperanan Sebagai Moderator Antara Amalan Piawaian Halal Dan Prestasi Organisasi (Size Of Organisation as A Moderating Factor in The Practice of Halal Standard and Performances)
Authors: Md Nawi Nuruh Hudani , Megat Ahmad Puteri Hayati , Ibrahim Habibie , Othman Baharudin 
Published: October 2021

This study aimed to examine whether organizational size plays a role as a moderator of the relationship between halal standards practices and organizational performance. The study was also conducted to look at organizational performance differences for multinationals and medium-sized enterprises among halal food entrepreneurs in Malaysia. A total of 241 organizations through the Internal Halal Committee for the multinational (n = 69) and medium-sized enterprises (n = 172) in Malaysia were involved as respondents in the cross-sectional survey method using selected survey tools. Reliability and validity of the questionnaire were performed and cronbach's alpha values were within the generally accepted range (0.87 to 0.94). The data were analyzed using IBM Statistical Package For Social Science (SPSS) software version 21.0 The study findings show that i) organizational size acts as a moderator between the relationship between halal standard practices for halal operations and organizational performance; ii) significant differences in organizational performance for multinationals and medium-sized enterprises. Studies have found that organizational performance is influenced by a chain that interacts with each other starting from input, which then translates into process and ultimately results that are also supported by internal control of the organization. Indeed, the aspect of the practice of halal standards should be given attention by all parties in making Malaysia a halal hub that remains international. At the same time, further studies on halal food should also take into account the scope, methodology and respondents of the research involved in developing knowledge in this area.
Bayesian Optimization LSTM/bi-LSTM Network With Self-Optimized Structure and Hyperparameters for Remaining Useful Life Estimation of Lathe Spindle Unit
Authors: Thoppil Nikhil M. , Vasu V. , Rao C. S. P. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
An effective maintenance strategy to cut back maintenance costs and production loss with assured product quality has always been a major concern for industries. The Industry 4.0 era has built a wide acceptance for the predictive maintenance techniques in the remaining useful life (RUL) estimation of critical industrial systems. In this paper, long short-term memory (LSTM) and bidirectional-LSTM (bi-LSTM) deep neural architecture-based predictive algorithms are proposed for the RUL estimation of the lathe spindle unit. The deep learning algorithm is embedded within a Bayesian optimization algorithm for the self-optimization of its network structure and hyperparameters. The proposed deep learning algorithm is trained using lathe spindle health degradation data collected from an experimental accelerated run-to-failure test rig to evolve an RUL prediction model. The vibration signals representing lathe spindle health degradation from the health to faulty state are analyzed to extract time, frequency, and time-frequency domain features, which are then subjected to a neighborhood component analysis (NCA) based feature selection criteria. Finally, the selected relevant features are used to train the optimized LSTM/bi-LSTM network for RUL estimation. A comparison of the prediction results for Bayesian optimized LSTM/bi-LSTM network architectures and other prominent data-driven approaches are performed. The Bayesian optimized LSTM + bi-LSTM deep network architecture is observed to have the highest prediction accuracy for lathe spindle RUL estimation.
Refractory pain in a schizophrenic patient on clozapine
Authors: Asiimwe Edgar , DeFraites Emily , Feher Csilla 
Published: October 2021

A 36-year-old man with schizophrenia, on two times per day clozapine, presented with a 2-year history of diffuse intermittent body pain.Per chart review—and on presentation—his physical examination had been consistently unremarkable, without point-tenderness elicited at any major muscle groups or focal neurological deficits. Workup for myopathy, neuropathy and supratherapeutic clozapine levels had similarly been unrevealing.Given that prior interventions had been unsuccessful in alleviating these symptoms, we queried whether clozapine might have been contributory. As a result, we adopted a previously described strategy of scheduling the bulk of patients’ medication during non-waking hours.At 1-month follow-up, the patient reported about a 50% improvement in his symptoms. At 6-month follow-up, this improvement in symptoms had been sustained.Our findings add to the limited anecdotal reports of this side effect whose true prevalence remains unknown. Timely recognition has the potential to promote adherence to therapy among patients in the maintenance phase.
Adherence to treatment and prevalence of side effects when medical abortion is delivered via telemedicine: a prospective observational cohort study during COVID-19
Authors: Reynolds-Wright John Joseph , Johnstone Anne , McCabe Karen , Evans Emily , Cameron Sharon 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundThe Scottish government introduced legislation during the COVID-19 outbreak to permit medical abortion at home with telemedicine. All women received an initial telephone consultation. For those choosing medical abortion, we provided self-administered medications to eligible women with pregnancies under 12 weeks’ gestation.AimsTo assess adherence to the recommended abortion drug regimen, with particular focus on the number of misoprostol doses used and the interval between mifepristone and misoprostol administration and the induction–expulsion interval. Additionally, to evaluate use of analgesia, antiemetics and antibiotics, and the side effects, pain and bleeding profile of medical abortion at home.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study of 663 women choosing medical abortion at home via telemedicine at an NHS abortion service in Edinburgh, Scotland between 1 April and 9 July 2020. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were completed at telephone follow-up 4 and 14 days following treatment. Outcome measures were self-reported and included use of mifepristone and misoprostol, induction–expulsion interval (time from misoprostol administration until expulsion of pregnancy), antiemetics, antibiotics, analgesia use, pain scores, rates of side effects, bleeding and preparedness for treatment.ResultsAmong the respondents, 652/663 women (98%) answered at least one questionnaire, and 594/663 (89.6%) used both abortion medications as directed (24–72 hours between medications). The mean (SD) induction–expulsion interval was 4.3 (4.3) hours. Antiemetics were used by 611/663 (92%), 383/599 (64%) completed the course of prophylactic antibiotics, and 616/663 (93%) used analgesia, with mean (SD) worst-pain scores of 6.7 (2.2) out of 10. Regarding side effects, 510/663 (77%) experienced either nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea or headache, 101/663 (15%) experienced headache and 510/663 (77%) experienced bleeding that was heavier than a period; 554/663, (84%) felt prepared for their treatment by teleconsultation.ConclusionPatients are able to correctly self-administer abortion medications following a telemedicine consultation. Further research is required to optimise pain management and gastrointestinal side effects during medical abortion.
Intercropping organic field peas with barley, oats, and mustard improves weed control but has variable effects on grain yield and net returns
Authors: Bailey-Elkin Will , Carkner Michelle , Entz Martin H. 
Published: October 2021

Interest in intercropping semi-leafless field peas (Pisum sativum L.) is increasing as a means of weed control in organic production. We evaluated field pea (cv. CDC Amarillo) grown alone or intercropped with three seeding rates of either barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.), or oat (Avena sativa L.). A full seeding rate of field pea was used in each instance, resulting in an additive intercropping design. Each crop combination was conducted in a separate experiment, three times over two years (2019 and 2020) in Carman, MB. Measurements included crop and weed biomass production, grain yield and quality, and net return. Intercrops reduced weed biomass at maturity from 17% to 44% with barley and oat being more suppressive than mustard. Intercrops also reduced field pea yield from 6% to 26%, but increased field pea seed mass. Barley at the high seeding rate provided the most weed suppression per unit of field pea yield loss (2.62 kg of weed suppression per kg of field pea yield loss) compared with oat (1.29) and mustard (0.87). Barley and mustard intercrops decreased net return compared with monoculture field pea. Under low weed pressure (1150 kg·ha−1 weed biomass at maturity) and earlier seeding, oat intercrops reduced net return. However, under weedy conditions (2649 kg·ha−1) and later seeding, field pea-oat intercrops significantly increased net return. In conclusion, while all three intercrop mixtures reduced weed biomass, reductions in field pea yields were observed, and net return benefits were observed only in certain circumstances.
Computer Simulation on Polymer Micelles Combined Administration of Gambogic Acid and Curcumin as a Novel Anti-Cancer Drug Carrier
Authors: Wang Jinglei , Guo Mingrui , Lu Feifei , Pan Hao , Liu Mingxia , Lin Bin , Qu Na , Chen Lijiang 
Published: October 2021

Purpose: The poor efficacy of traditional antitumor drugs in the treatment of cancer is mainly due to poor water solubility, systemic cytotoxicity, poor tumor targeting and other factors. In recent years, the nano-drug system has been widely studied in tumor therapy and drug targeting, but the design process requires repeated experiments, which are time consuming and laborious. In this context, we developed a novel synergistic co-delivery nanomicelle of gambogic acid and curcumin through molecular dynamics (MD) and dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulation. Methods: The synergistic effect was verified by the comprehensive index, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection, and apoptosis-related protein experiments. MD and DPD simulations were utilized to design micelles. According to the results, methoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG)-gambogic acid (GA)-curcumin (CU) micelles were synthesized and prepared for the co-delivery of GA and curcumin, and then, the micelles were characterized and released in vitro. Finally, a cytotoxicity study of micelles was carried out to prove its anti-tumor effect. Results: It was verified that the combined administration of GA and curcumin showed a synergistic effect in tumor cells (HepG2) and an antagonistic or weak synergistic effect in normal cells (BV2, HEK293). According to the design of computer simulation, mPEG-GA-CU micelles were synthesized and characterized. Cytotoxicity experiments proved that mPEG-GA-CU micelles are more toxic to HepG2 cells than BV2, HEK293 cells. Conclusions: Studies have shown that the mPEG-GA-CU nanomicelles designed by computer simulation have the ability to co-deliver drugs, play a synergistic anti-tumor effect, and have great potential in further anti-cancer practical applications.
Blastocyst Prediction of Day-3 Cleavage-Stage Embryos Using Machine Learning
Authors: Nguyen Dung P. , Pham Quan T. , Tran Thanh L. , Vuong Lan N. , Ho Tuong M. 
Published: October 2021

Background: Embryo selection plays an important role in the success of in vitro fertilization (IVF). However, morphological embryo assessment has a number of limitations, including the time required, lack of accuracy, and inconsistency. This study determined whether a machine learning-based model could predict blastocyst formation using day-3 embryo images. Methods: Day-3 embryo images from IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles performed at My Duc Phu Nhuan Hospital between August 2018 and June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed to inform model development. Day-3 embryo images derived from two-pronuclear (2PN) zygotes with known blastocyst formation data were extracted from the CCM-iBIS time-lapse incubator (Astec, Japan) at 67 hours post ICSI, and labeled as blastocyst/non-blastocyst based on results at 116 hours post ICSI. Images were used as the input dataset to train (85%) and validate (15%) the convolutional neural network (CNN) model, then model accuracy was determined using the training and validation dataset. The performance of 13 experienced embryologists for predicting blastocyst formation based on 100 day-3 embryo images was also evaluated. Results: A total of 1,135 images were allocated into training ([Formula: see text] 967) and validation ([Formula: see text] 168) sets, with an even distribution for blastocyst formation outcome. The accuracy of the final model for blastocyst formation was 97.72% in the training dataset and 76.19% in the validation dataset. The final model predicted blastocyst formation from day-3 embryo images in the validation dataset with an area under the curve of 0.75 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69–0.81). Embryologists predicted blastocyst formation with the accuracy of 70.07% (95% CI 68.12%–72.03%), sensitivity of 87.04% (95% CI 82.56%–91.52%), and specificity of 30.93% (95% CI 29.35%–32.51%). Conclusions: The CNN-based machine learning model using day-3 embryo images predicted blastocyst formation more accurately than experienced embryologists. The CNN-based model is a potential tool to predict additional IVF outcomes.
Heterogeneity of Circulating Tumor Cell–Associated Genomic Gains in Breast Cancer and Its Association with the Host Immune Response
Authors: Kanwar Nisha , Balde Zaldy , Nair Ranju , Dawe Melanie , Chen Shiyi , Maganti Manjula , Atenafu Eshetu G. , Manolescu Sabrina , Wei Carrie , Mao Amanda , Fu Fred , Wang Dan , Cheung Alison , Yerofeyeva Yulia , Peters Rachel , Liu Kela , Desmedt Christine , Sotiriou Christos , Szekely Borbala , Kulka Janina , McKee Trevor D. , Hirano Naoto , Bartlett John M.S. , Yaffe Martin J. , Bedard Philippe L. , McCready David , Done Susan J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Tumor cells that preferentially enter circulation include the precursors of metastatic cancer. Previously, we characterized circulating tumor cells (CTC) from patients with breast cancer and identified a signature of genomic regions with recurrent copy-number gains. Through FISH, we now show that these CTC-associated regions are detected within the matched untreated primary tumors of these patients (21% to 69%, median 55.5%, n = 19). Furthermore, they are more prevalent in the metastases of patients who died from breast cancer after multiple rounds of treatment (70% to 100%, median 93%, samples n = 41). Diversity indices revealed that higher spatial heterogeneity for these regions within primary tumors is associated with increased dissemination and metastasis. An identified subclone with multiple regions gained (MRG clone) was enriched in a posttreatment primary breast carcinoma as well as multiple metastatic tumors and local breast recurrences obtained at autopsy, indicative of a distinct early subclone with the capability to resist multiple lines of treatment and eventually cause death. In addition, multiplex immunofluorescence revealed that tumor heterogeneity is significantly associated with the degree of infiltration of B lymphocytes in triple-negative breast cancer, a subtype with a large immune component. Collectively, these data reveal the functional potential of genetic subclones that comprise heterogeneous primary breast carcinomas and are selected for in CTCs and posttreatment breast cancer metastases. In addition, they uncover a relationship between tumor heterogeneity and host immune response in the tumor microenvironment.

Significance:
As breast cancers progress, they become more heterogeneous for multiple regions amplified in circulating tumor cells, and intratumoral spatial heterogeneity is associated with the immune landscape.