bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual Violence in an Islamic Higher Education Institution of Indonesian: A Maqasid Al-Shariah and Foucauldian Perspective
Authors: Muhsin Ilyya , Ma’mun Sukron , Nuroniyah Wardah 
Published: July 2021

Sexual violence was prevalent in many settings, including in religious educational institutions. This article analyzed cases of sexual violence at an Islamic higher education institution in West Java, Indonesia, using the maqasid al-shariah and Foucault's theory of sexuality as the theoretical frameworks. This mixed-method research used Google form's surveys, in-depth interviews, and observations as the data collection methods. The data were analyzed using a flow model, which comprised selection, display, analysis or discussion, and conclusion. This study showed that verbal and non-verbal sexual violence was rampant. It occurred between student and student, lecturer and staff, staff and staff, and lecturer and student. Four models of sexual violence were found based on the typology designed by Dzeich and Weiner, who categorized thirteen forms of sexual violence. The maqasid al-shariah analysis outlined that sexual violence was against the fundamental values and objectives of sharia and human rights. Additionally, Foucault's theory identified patriarchal and cultural hegemony aspects in sexual violence. This study's intriguing part was the findings that combined in-depth interviews, observations, and surveys, intended to understand the intensity of existing cases. On the other hand, the power of analysis was centered on normative fiqh and sociological aspects. According to the literature reviews, these two approaches had not been administered by previous researchers.
Negotiating Sharia in Secular State: A Case Study in French and Germany
Authors: Zada Khamami , Irfan M. Nurul 
Published: July 2021

The European Muslims, the majority of them come from Muslim countries, are facing the identity dilemma. On the one hand, they are the Muslims who are obliged to carry out their religious teaching, but on the other hand, they are the Muslims who have acquired European citizenship who cannot enforce religious laws and instead submit to secular state laws. The study analyzes French and Germany Muslim aspirations and their negotiations on carrying out sharia in the secular state. This is field study by qualitative approach. Primary data was collected by interviews with Muslims of Moroccan, Tunisian, Algerian, and Turkish descent living in France and Germany. The study found that French and German Muslims want to apply sharia, but France and Germany do not allow religious law to be made a state law. These have left French and German Muslims to negotiate without opposition, resistance, and conflict. As European citizens, they accept secular law without losing their religious and social identity, though couldn’t fully implement Sharia.
EXPLORAÇÃO TRIBUTÁRIA, OU, COMO O TRABALHO NECESSÁRIO SUSTENTA O FUNDO PÚBLICO
Authors: Nogueira Yan Carlos 
Published: July 2021

Resumo: O presente artigo levanta reflexões sobre o fundo público como terreno de disputas entre as classes sociais. Para tal, em termos metodológicos, recorremos a revisão bibliográfica, ancorados em autores que têm se debruçado sobre o tema. Na primeira parte, centramos nossa atenção em discorrer sobre o caráter do fundo público no capitalismo monopolista, colocando em destaque o papel do estado na sua mediação e o movimento – entre o “privado” e o “público” – das lutas de classes. Na segunda, buscamos qualificar a constatação de que o fundo público é sustentado pelo trabalho necessário, a partir da maior presença de impostos indiretos que incidem sobre o consumo. Nosso intuito, todavia, foi o de problematizar o conceito de “exploração tributária”, recorrentemente utilizado para designar esse fenômeno. Estamos convencidos de que não é possível falar de exploração em matéria de tributação, visto que o que se opera é apenas uma mobilização de recursos presentes na esfera da circulação que não gera mais-valor. Diante desses elementos, concluímos com a exposição de alguns dados acerca do Brasil que ilustram a exposição teórica feita ao longo do texto.
Palavras-chave: Estado. Fundo Público. Esfera Pública. Lutas de classes. “Exploração Tributária”.
Branquitude, racismo e sexismo em docências realizadas por mulheres negras no ensino de história
Authors: Meinerz Carla Beatriz , Santos Priscila de Souza , Pereira Priscila Nunes 
Published: July 2021

Objetiva-se no texto analisar o ensino de história na formação inicial e continuada, através do estágio docente obrigatório em espaços escolares, tematizando o racismo institucional e o sexismo. O conceito de racismo institucional será interseccionado com o de sexismo, pois a análise destaca fenômenos observados com jovens estudantes negras, licenciandas do Curso de História da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Sob a perspectiva da abordagem qualitativa, consideram-se as práticas pedagógicas, construídas em processos de ensino e pesquisa, desenvolvidas a partir de autorreflexões e entrevistas abertas com estudantes negras em formação inicial. Problematiza-se a presença da branquitude, do sexismo e do racismo nas formas de viver e pensar essas práticas pedagógicas. Fundamenta-se em autoras como bell hooks, Grada Kilomba, Nilma Lino Gomes e Petronilha Beatriz Gonçalves e Silva, em associação com produções do campo específico do ensino de história no Brasil. As considerações parciais apontam a presença hegemônica das maneiras de agir e de pensar da branquitude no imaginário das comunidades escolares e universitárias, produzindo ações de discriminação racial e de gênero.
Pengaruh Latihan Fisik terhadap Perbaikan Resistensi Insulin
Authors: Sukarno Devitya Angielevi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract--Insulin resistance underlies the pathogenesis of chronic disease, such as diabetes mellitus which has high morbidity and mortality rate. Insulin resistance is a pathological condition when cells fail to respond normally to the insulin hormone, because of insulin signaling pathway disruption. Bound between insulin and insulin’s receptor cannot phosphorylate tyrosine and fail to activate insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1). This failure decrease Glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) expression on the skeletal muscle’s cell membrane, that leads to decrease glucose influx and increase blood glucose level. A routine physical training which does according to adequate training dose, will activate adenosin 5’monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and lead to the translocation of GLUT-4 vesicles without insulin and insulin’s receptor bonding.GLUT-4 expression on the skeletal muscle’s cell membrane which is stimulated by muscle contraction will increase glucose influx and decrease blood glucose level.
Keywords: insulin resistance; physical training; insulin signaling pathway

Abstrak--Resistensi insulin merupakan penyebab yang mendasari terjadinya penyakit kronis seperti diabetes melitus yang memiliki angka morbiditas dan mortalitas tinggi.Resistensi insulin merupakan keadaan patologis dimana terjadi kegagalan respon seluler terhadap hormon insulin akibat gangguan pada jalur sinyal insulin.Ikatan insulin pada reseptornya tidak dapat menyebabkan fosforilasi tirosin sehingga tidak dapat mengaktivasi insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1). Kegagalan aktivasi tersebut akan menyebabkan penurunan ekspresi Glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) pada membran sel otot rangka sehingga ambilan glukosa oleh sel menurun dan glukosa darah meningkat. Latihan fisik yang dilakukan secara rutin, teratur dan sesuai dengan dosis latihan yang tepat dapat mengaktivasi adenosin 5’monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), sehingga menyebabkan translokasi vesikel berisi GLUT-4, tanpa melalui ikatan insulin dengan reseptornya. Ekspresi GLUT-4 pada membran sel yang dirangsang oleh kontraksi otot akan meningkatkan ambilan glukosa dan menurunkan glukosa darah.
Kata kunci: resistensi insulin; latihan fisik; jalur sinyal insulin
Determination of the Remnant Environmental Impacts Resulting from the Chemical Bombing of Halabja, Kurdistan- Iraq
Authors: Simonis Jean , Al-Manmi Diary Ali Mohammed , Abbas Aram Dawood , Schoeman Loffie 
Published: July 2021

16 March of every year marked the anniversary of the chemical gas attack on the City of Halabja, Kurdistan, Iraq, and its nearby villages. In the process, 5000 people reportedly died from the attack. Many more were wounded and the event left nearly 60 000 people displaced. A perceived consequence of the chemical bombing of Halabja City was the environmental pollution of the soil and water. A recent questionnaire completed by the population of Halabja City indicated that 35% believed that water pollution was still an issue, and 55% thought that soil pollution posed a high risk.In 2016, were requested by the Halabja City governor to investigate the situation. And to lay to rest the perception and concerns of soil and water still being contaminated by the events that happened on that day in March 1988. A total of 8 soil and 18 water samples were collected, Soil samples were collected from thesurface and as close as possible to bomb sites and craters, in contrast, water samples were collected from seven springs, ten water wells, and one surface streams downslope as close as possible to the bombed areas. The samples were analyzed for chemical warfare agents which are Arsenic, Cyanide, Fluoride, soluble orthophosphate, Nitrate, Phosphorous, Sulphate, and Sulphur. The results indicated no negative contamination remaining in both water and soil. The geology and hydrogeology in the area played an important role in helping the chemical warfare agents (CWA) to degrade during the past 28 years. Most of the CWA used arewater- soluble and solubility increases when the agents are either hydrolyzed or oxidized. The hydrolysis products have equal toxicity to the parent chemicals, posing a similar threat to the environment. In contrast, the intact chemicals can be adsorbed onto sediment, where they can be stored for a longer time.
On Commutativity of Prime and Semiprime - Rings with Reverse Derivations
Authors: Hamil Shahed Ali , Majeed Abdulrahman H. 
Published: July 2021

Let M be a weak Nobusawa -ring and Î³ be a non-zero element of Î“. In this paper, we introduce concept of k-reverse derivation, Jordan k-reverse derivation, generalized k-reverse derivation, and Jordan generalized k-reverse derivation of Î“-ring, and Î³-homomorphism, anti-Î³-homomorphism of M. Also, we give some commutattivity conditions on Î³-prime Î“-ring and Î³-semiprime Î“-ring .
On Jacobson â€“ Small Submodules
Authors: Kabban Ali , Khalid Wasan 
Published: July 2021

Let R be an associative ring with identity and let M be a unitary left Râ€“module. As a generalization of small submodule , we introduce Jacobsonâ€“small submodule (briefly Jâ€“small submodule ) . We state the main properties of Jâ€“small submodules and supplying examples and remarks for this concept . Several properties of these submodules are given . Also we introduce Jacobsonâ€“hollow modules ( briefly Jâ€“hollow ) . We give a characterization of Jâ€“hollow modules and gives conditions under which the direct sum of Jâ€“hollow modules is Jâ€“hollow . We define Jâ€“supplemented modules and some types of modules that are related to Jâ€“supplemented modules and introduce properties of this types of modules . Also we discuss the relation between them with examples and remarks are needed in our work.
Using Geographic Information System (GIS) to estimate the volume of water for Al Dammam unconfined Aquifer within Al Salman basin, Al- Muthana Governorate, South West Iraq
Authors: Al-Sheikh Osamah N. , Al-Shammaâ€™a Ayser M. 
Published: July 2021

The groundwater represents the main source of water in the study area due to lack of surface water. The Dammam unconfined aquifer represents the main aquifer in the study area and Southern desert because of the regional extent, the quantity and quality of water. Many groundwater wells have been drilled in the study area to coverage the huge demand of water for agricultural purposes. The Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to estimate the volume of water which calculated (25.6964 Ã— 109 m3) within the study area , automate calculation of the area of Al Salman basin using digital elevation models, derive the thickness maps of AlDammam unconfined aquifer from Key holes (KH) and Bore holes (BH), draw the groundwater head and flow map in the study area. Such data derived from GIS can help authorities and researchers for groundwater management and further development within the study area.
U- S Jordan Homomorphisim of Inverse Semirings
Authors: Ibraheem Rawnaq KH. , Majeed Abdulrahman H. 
Published: July 2021

Let S be an inverse semiring, and U be an ideal of S. In this paper, we introduce the concept of U-S Jordan homomorphism of inverse semirings, and extend the result of Herstein on Jordan homomorphisms in inverse semirings.
Improving Accuracy in Human Age Classification Using Ensemble Learning Techniques
Authors: Panicker Sreejit , Selot Smita , Sharma Manisha 
Published: July 2021

Age is a predominant parameter for arbitrating an individual, for security and access concerns of the data that exist in cyber space. Nowadays we find a rapid growth in unethical practices from youngsters as well as skilled cyber users. Facial image renders a variety of information that can be used, when processed to ascertain the age of individuals. In this paper, local facial features are considered to predict the age group, where local Binary Pattern (LBP) is extracted from four regions of facial images. The prominent areas where wrinkles are developed naturally in human as age increases are taken for feature extraction. Further these feature vectors are subjected to ensemble techniques that increases the accuracy of the model hence improving the efficiency in terms of MAE and performance parameters for age group classification. The proposed approach was evaluated on FG-NET facial aging dataset.
Treatment isolated fungi from laboratory tools in some Baghdad hospitals by using biosynthesized nanoparticles
Authors: Tamkeen Rayaheen Mohammed , Al-Bahrani Rusol M. 
Published: July 2021

The study aims to biosynthesized of sliver nanoparticle from aqueous extract of olive leave and evaluate the effectiveness of the synthesis AgNPs against isolated fungi. The study mediating fifty samples were taken from various tools in laboratory from five hospitals in Baghdad. Four species of fungi were identified depending on the morphological and microscopic characteristics. The most common isolated fungi based on their frequency ratio were as follows Aspergillus niger 87.5%, Aspergillus flavus 62.5%, Aspergillus fumigatus 53.5% and Aspergillus nidulans 37.7%.The Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticle developed a rapid, eco-friendly and convenient green method for the stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesised with an average diameter of 30 Â± 60 nm and like spherical in shape, using the aqueous solution of the Olive tree (Olea europaea) leaves extract.The reaction is carried out at 10-3M of silver nitrate. The AgNPs synthesized were confirmed by their change of color to (dark brown-grey). The characterization was studied using UV-Visible spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Inhibition effect of AgNPs against fungi has been studied using well diffusion method by studying the effect of different concentration (100, 75, 50 and 25). The results revealed that the AgNPs have considerable antifungal activity comparison with alcohol. The obtained results indicate that the highest level of inhibition zone was detected at the concentration of 100 Âµg/ml of AgNPs, where the inhibition zones are (23.33 Â± 4.41) for A. flavus and the lowest level of inhibition zone was detected at the concentration 25 Âµg/ml of AgNPs ,where the inhibition zones are (6.00 Â± 1.15) for A.nidalus. While using alcohol the highest level of inhibition zone was detected at the concentration of 100 Âµg/ml of Alcohol, where the inhibition zones are (12.33 Â± 1.45) for A.nidalus, and the lowest level of inhibition zone was detected at the concentration 25 Âµg/ml of Alcohol ,where the inhibition zones are (4.67Â± 0.33) for A.flavus.
Fabrication of TiO2 sensor using rapid breakdown anodization method to measure pressure, humidity and sense gases at room temperature
Authors: Khaleel Reem Saadi , Hashim Mustafa Shakir 
Published: July 2021

Rapid breakdown anodization (RBA) process was used to fabricate TiO2 sensor to measure pressure and humidity and sense gases at room temperature. This chemical process transformed Ti to its oxide (TiO2) as a powder with amorphous phase as X ray diffraction (XRD) technique confirmed. This oxide consisted from semi spherical nanoparticles and titania nanotubes (TNTs) as Scanning electron microscope (SEM) technique showed. TiO2 powder was deposited on Ti substrates by using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method. Average pressure sensitivity was 0.34 MÎ©/bar and hysteresis area was 1.4 MÎ© .bar. Resistance of TiO2 decreased exponentially with the increasing of relative humidity (RH%). The sensitivity% of TiO2 for RH% was greater than 70% in the range of (50-95). TiO2 was tested as a sensor for Ammonia, Ethanol and Methanol. Its sensitivity and selectivity towards Ammonia were the greatest but the shortest response and recovery times were recorded toward Methanol.
Simultaneous Identification of Thermal Conductivity and Heat Source in the Heat Equation
Authors: Huntul M. J. , Hussein M.S. 
Published: July 2021

This paper presents a numerical solution to the inverse problem consisting of recovering time-dependent thermal conductivity and heat source coefficients in the one-dimensional parabolic heat equation. This mathematical formulation ensures that the inverse problem has a unique solution. However, the problem is still ill-posed since small errors in the input data lead to a drastic amount of errors in the output coefficients. The finite difference method with the Crank-Nicolson scheme is adopted as a direct solver of the problem in a fixed domain. The inverse problem is solved subjected to both exact and noisy measurements by using the MATLAB optimization toolbox routine lsqnonlin , which is also applied to minimize the nonlinear Tikhonov regularization functional. The thermal conductivity and heat source coefficients are reconstructed using heat flux measurements. The root mean squares error is used to assess the accuracy of the approximate solutions of the problem. A couple of numerical examples are presented to verify the accuracy and stability of the solutions.
On a Subclass of Analytic and Univalent Functions with Positive Coefficients Defined by a Differential Operator
Authors: Al-khafaji Aqeel Ketab 
Published: July 2021

In this paper, a differential operator is used to generate a subclass of analytic and univalent functions with positive coefficients. The studied class of the functions includes:

which is defined in the open unit disk satisfying the following condition
This leads to the study of properties such as coefficient bounds, Hadamard product, radius of close –to- convexity, inclusive properties, and (n, τ) –neighborhoods for functions belonging to our class.
The Correlation between Maternal Vitamin D and Interleukin-17 Levels and Fetal Biophysical Profile
Authors: Mohammed Rosol J. , Salih Lina A. 
Published: July 2021

This research aims to evaluate the serum levels of vitamin D and interleukin 17 (Il-17) in pregnant women, then finding the correlation between these maternal parameters and fetus biophysical profile. Healthy pregnant women (n=45) and non-pregnant control (n=45) were involved in the study, who attended Baghdad medical laboratory, Baghdad, Iraq, with an age range of 20 to 40 years. An analytical study was conducted from October 2019 until January 2020.
The results of the study show that the mean value of vitamin D level significantly increases (P≤0.05) in pregnant women (11.07±0.93 ng/ml) in comparison with that in non-pregnant control (8.03±0.69 ng/ml). The level of IL-17 was significantly higher (P≤0.001) in the pregnant women (468.38±50.62 Pg/ml) as compared to non-pregnant ones (144.39±3.98 Pg/ml). Also, the results show no significant correlation (0.162) between maternal vitamin D and (F.H.R.), which was measured by ultrasound sonography. Also, there is no significant inverse correlation between maternal Il-17 and fetal growth measurement.
It can be concluded from the current study that some of the signs of the physical appearance of the fetus that were studied in the second trimester (13-28 w) and third trimester (29-41 w) of pregnancy do not correlate with the level of vitamin D in the mother’s blood. Also, there is a weak inverse relationship between this appearance and the mother’s immune response, represented by measuring the level of IL-17, which needs more studies in the future.
Methods for anchoring boundary nodes when smoothing a triangular surface mesh
Authors: Шумилин Сергей Сергеевич 
Published: July 2021

В задачах численного моделирования, использующих поверхностные сетки, часто требуется перестроение сетки. Однако при перестроении сетки могут возникать искажения. Накопление искажений может привести к развалу решения. Для того, чтобы поддерживать качество сетки в процессе расчета, применяются алгоритмы сглаживания. При выполнении сглаживания методами, сдвигающими узлы сетки, граничные узлы обычно закрепляют, чтобы избежать искажений. Однако простое закрепление узлов может привести к более серьезным искажениям. В данной работе предлагаются методы работы с граничными узлами, позволяющие контролировать такие узлы в процессе сглаживания. Также рассмотрены алгоритмы для работы с псевдотрехмерными поверхностными сетками, представляющими отдельный интерес.
Teletrabajo, modalidad que demanda compromiso y fiabilidad en los empleados
Authors: Romo Aviña María Fernanda , Acosta Velázquez Silvia Concepción , Pedraza Amador Elba Mariana 
Published: July 2021

El teletrabajo es una modalidad que ha permitido a las empresas dar continuidad a sus actividades durante el periodo de contingencia por COVID-19, transformando no solo el espacio de trabajo, sino la relación empresa-trabajador. En este sentido se aprecia que el teletrabajo puede mejorar la productividad de los empleados, sin embargo, para lograr que se mantengan motivados es necesario que las empresas adopten estrategias para la evaluación de los resultados, que ayuden a promover el compromiso y la fiabilidad en sus trabajadores.
Como resultado de una amplia revisión documental, en el presente artículo se describen las características del teletrabajo, sus diferencias con la modalidad laboral convencional en entornos presenciales y la relevancia de la cultura organizacional, con el fin de analizar aquellos aspectos que motivan a los trabajadores a la ejecución de sus funciones sin que se haga necesario usar mecanismos de supervisión física.
El barrio de Camelia, la otra Pachuca. Carnaval y migración
Authors: Santoyo Godinez Enrique 
Published: July 2021

Este trabajo responde en todo momento al cuerpo teórico al desarrollo metodológico basado en la Sociología Visual con variables personales de interpretación, así esta lectura interpretativa utiliza técnicas de recopilación e información basadas en las imágenes fotográficas que enmarcan momentos de la experimentados por la comunidad del barrio de Camelia ubicado el la periferia de la ciudad de Pachuca Hidalgo en días de carnaval.
Este evento permite la construcción de series fotográficas como imágenes significativas al poseer el juego de “ver-no-ver”; donde el ver permite acceder a los significados velados, usar el “ojo sociológico” (Miguel, 2003), son las características rituales las que permiten el acceso a las dinámicas sociales y territoriales, procesos socio-territoriales que se encuentran como significados en las series fotografías desarrolladas que permiten la lectura de las formas de organización social.