bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vegetative aquaculture of Fucus in the Baltic Sea—obtaining low-fertility biomass from attached or unattached populations?
Authors: Meichssner Rafael , Krost Peter , Schulz Rüdiger 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn experimental farm has been installed in the Kiel Fjord, western Baltic Sea, aiming at the development of a sustainable production process forFucusspecies (Fucus vesiculosus,Fucus serratus). The envisaged cultivation method includes the unattached rearing of thalli in baskets deployed in the sea and their vegetative reproduction. Fertility (i.e., receptacle formation) is expected to be problematic for this approach, because receptacles are terminated in growth and degrade after gamete release. In culture experiments, natural fertility led to only minimal overall growth inF. vesiculosusand even weight loss inF. serratus. Therefore, we tested if long-term unattached cultivation of formerly attached thalli leads to a lowering of fertility by an acclimatization process. However, fertility after 1 and 2 years of unattached cultivation was statistically equal and still comparable to the high fertility of attached populations. Furthermore, we tested if the only known naturally unattached population in the western Baltic Sea near Glücksburg, which remains largely infertile in the wild, keeps its low fertility if put under culture conditions. During an experimental 1-year cultivation, thalli from this population remained almost entirely vegetative (2.0 ± 3.1% fertile apices). Hence, the Glücksburg population is a promising source of aquacultural seedling biomass. Yet, further tests are necessary to check, if the fertility remains low over several years of cultivation. If unattached populations are used as source for commercial cultures, the collection of seedling material should always be accompanied by strong measures to ensure the continued integrity of these valuable habitats.
Metrics for Performance Quantification of Adaptive Mesh Refinement
Authors: Beisiegel Nicole , Castro Cristóbal E. , Behrens Jörn 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNon-uniform, dynamically adaptive meshes are a useful tool for reducing computational complexities for geophysical simulations that exhibit strongly localised features such as is the case for tsunami, hurricane or typhoon prediction. Using the example of a shallow water solver, this study explores a set of metrics as a tool to distinguish the performance of numerical methods using adaptively refined versus uniform meshes independent of computational architecture or implementation. These metrics allow us to quantify how a numerical simulation benefits from the use of adaptive mesh refinement. The type of meshes we are focusing on are adaptive triangular meshes that are non-uniform and structured. Refinement is controlled by physics-based indicators that capture relevant physical processes and determine the areas of mesh refinement and coarsening. The proposed performance metrics take into account a number of characteristics of numerical simulations such as numerical errors, spatial resolution, as well as computing time. Using a number of test cases we demonstrate that correlating different quantities offers insight into computational overhead, the distribution of numerical error across various mesh resolutions as well as the evolution of numerical error and run-time per degree of freedom.
F*: an interpretable transformation of the F-measure
Authors: Hand David J. , Christen Peter , Kirielle Nishadi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe F-measure, also known as the F1-score, is widely used to assess the performance of classification algorithms. However, some researchers find it lacking in intuitive interpretation, questioning the appropriateness of combining two aspects of performance as conceptually distinct as precision and recall, and also questioning whether the harmonic mean is the best way to combine them. To ease this concern, we describe a simple transformation of the F-measure, which we call $$F^*$$

F
∗

(F-star), which has an immediate practical interpretation.
A common source for the destructive earthquakes in the volcanic island of Ischia (Southern Italy): insights from historical and recent seismicity
Authors: Carlino Stefano , Pino Nicola Alessandro , Tramelli Anna , De Novellis Vincenzo , Convertito Vincenzo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe island of Ischia, located in the Gulf of Naples, represents an unusual case of resurgent caldera where small-to-moderate magnitude volcano-tectonic earthquakes generate large damage and catastrophic effects, as in the case of 4 March 1881 (Imax-VIII-IXMCS) and 28 July 1883 (ImaxX-XI MCS) historical earthquakes, and of the recent 21 August 2017 MW = 3.9, event. All these earthquakes struck the northern area of the island. With about 65,000 inhabitants, Ischia is a popular touristic destination for thermals baths, hosting more than 3,000,000 visitors per year, thus representing a high seismic risk area. Assessing its seismic potential appears a fundamental goal and, to this end, the estimate of the magnitude of significant historical events and the characterization of their source are crucial. We report here a reassessment of historical data of damage of 1881 and 1883 earthquakes to evaluate the main source parameters of these events (obtained with the BOXER and EXISM software) and quantitatively compare, for the first time, the results with the source characteristics, obtained from instrumental data, of the recent 2017 earthquake. The results allowed us to assess the location, as well as the possible dimension and the related maximum magnitude, of the seismogenic structure responsible for such damaging earthquakes. Our results also provide an additional framework to define the mechanisms leading to earthquakes associated with the dynamics of calderas.
Which Analysis Approach Is Adequate to Leverage Clinical Microdialysis Data? A Quantitative Comparison to Investigate Exposure and Response Exemplified by Levofloxacin
Authors: Busse David , Schaeftlein André , Solms Alexander , Ilia Luis , Michelet Robin , Zeitlinger Markus , Huisinga Wilhelm , Kloft Charlotte 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Systematic comparison of analysis methods of clinical microdialysis data for impact on target-site drug exposure and response.

Methods
39 individuals received a 500 mg levofloxacin short-term infusion followed by 24-h dense sampling in plasma and microdialysate collection in interstitial space fluid (ISF). ISF concentrations were leveraged using non-compartmental (NCA) and compartmental analysis (CA) via (ii) relative recovery correction at midpoint of the collection interval (midpoint-NCA, midpoint-CA) and (ii) dialysate-based integrals of time (integral-CA). Exposure and adequacy of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) therapy via pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target-attainment (PTA) analysis were compared between approaches.

Results
Individual AUCISF estimates strongly varied for midpoint-NCA and midpoint-CA (≥52.3%CV) versus integral-CA (≤32.9%CV) owing to separation of variability in PK parameters (midpoint-CA = 46.5%–143%CVPK, integral-CA = 26.4%–72.6%CVPK) from recovery-related variability only in integral-CA (41.0%–50.3%CVrecovery). This also led to increased variability of AUCplasma for midpoint-CA (56.0%CV) versus midpoint-NCA and integral-CA (≤33.0%CV), and inaccuracy of predictive model performance of midpoint-CA in plasma (visual predictive check). PTA analysis translated into 33% of evaluated patient cases being at risk of incorrectly rejecting recommended dosing regimens at CAP-related epidemiological cut-off values.

Conclusions
Integral-CA proved most appropriate to characterise clinical pharmacokinetics- and microdialysis-related variability. Employing this knowledge will improve the understanding of drug target-site PK for therapeutic decision-making.
Mapping CRISPR-Cas9 public and commercial innovation using The Lens institutional toolkit
Authors: Jefferson Osmat Azzam , Lang Simon , Williams Kenny , Koellhofer Deniz , Ballagh Aaron , Warren Ben , Schellberg Bernard , Sharma Roshan , Jefferson Richard 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCRISPR-Cas9 is a revolutionary technology because it is precise, fast and easy to implement, cheap and components are readily accessible. This versatility means that the technology can deliver a timely end product and can be used by many stakeholders. In plant cells, the technology can be applied to knockout genes by using CRISPR–Cas nucleases that can alter coding gene regions or regulatory elements, alter precisely a genome by base editing to delete or regulate gene expression, edit precisely a genome by homology-directed repair mechanism (cellular DNA), or regulate transcriptional machinery by using dead Cas proteins to recruit regulators to the promoter region of a gene. All these applications can be for: 1) Research use (Non commercial), 2) Uses related product components for the technology itself (reagents, equipment, toolkits, vectors etc), and 3) Uses related to the development and sale of derived end products based on this technology. In this contribution, we present a prototype report that can engage the community in open, inclusive and collaborative innovation mapping. Using the open data at the Lens.org platform and other relevant sources, we tracked, analyzed, organized, and assembled contextual and bridged patent and scholarly knowledge about CRISPR-Cas9 and with the assistance of a new Lens institutional capability, The Lens Report Builder, currently in beta release, mapped the public and commercial innovation pathways of the technology. When scaled, this capability will also enable coordinated editing and curation by credentialed experts to inform policy makers, businesses and private or public investment.
Verständigungsbarrieren zwischen kulturalistischen Sozialwissenschaften und evolutionärer Anthropologie: Ursachen, Argumente und Auswege
Authors: Voland Eckart , Meißelbach Christoph 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungKommunikation und Kooperation zwischen sozialwissenschaftlicher und evolutionär-anthropologischer Forschung ist durch einige Verständigungsbarrieren erschwert. In diesem Beitrag werden die wichtigsten dieser Probleme systematisch geordnet und auf die folgenden Fragen hin analysiert: Wo stehen der Annäherung sozialwissenschaftlicher und evolutionär informierter Anthropologie nur Missverständnisse, Falschauffassungen oder ideologisches Misstrauen im Wege; wo sind es unterschiedliche methodologische Herangehensweisen oder paradigmatische Grundüberzeugungen; und wie lassen sich diese Hindernisse interdisziplinärer Theorieintegration überwinden?
New species and nomenclatural changes in Bulbophyllum (Orchidaceae) from Madagascar
Authors: Hermans Johan , Gamisch Alexander , Rajaovelona Landy , Fischer Gunter A. , Cribb Phillip , Sieder Anton , Andriantiana Jacky 
Published: March 2021

SummarySix new species:Bulbophyllum caniceps, B. cochinealloides, B. fierenanaense, B. geminiflorum, B. oenanthumandB. rudolphusare described for the first time. The identity and nomenclature ofBulbophyllum cylindrocarpumis discussed and its var.andringitrenseis recognised at species rank asB. jeanbosseri.Bulbophyllum aubrevilleiandB. kieneriare compared with the latter becoming a synonym. The history and identities ofBulbophyllum pentastichumvsB. quadrifariumare clarified and the necessary taxonomic changes and type selections are made. A new sect.Inversiflorais formally described.
Vivoscapes: an Ecosemiotic Contribution to the Ecological Theory
Authors: Farina Almo , James Philip 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVivoscape, from Latin ‘vivo’ (living) and the English ‘scape’ (shape and form of a place) is presented as a new ecosemiotic agency that integrates the interactions between biological and ecological components of a taxon with the environment. According to this model, the interactions between species and the environment are fused into a new functional unity driven by external and internal events (vivoevents). Sensorial and relational channels are used by a taxon to sense external energy gradients, matter, information and to return actions and proactions in an external operational environment. The eco-field model is suggested as the functional ecosemiotic mechanism associated with each vivoevent.
Hydrogeochemical delineation of groundwater fitness for drinking and agricultural utilities in Thiruvallur district, South India
Authors: Senthilkumar Subramani , Gowtham Balu , Srinivasamoorthy Krishnaraj , Gopinath Selvaraj 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAppraisal of groundwater fitness to drinking, agricultural, and domestic purposes was attempted within the Thiruvallur district of South India since groundwater is the significant sources for the above utilities. Groundwater samples collected from a sum of 110 locations have to be analyzed for major concentrations of which higher values of total dissolved solids (TDS), chloride (Cl−), and sodium (Na+) ions were noted during pre-monsoon (PRM) specifically besides the east along with the southeastern part of the study region and higher calcium (Ca2+) and nitrate (NO3−) values disseminated besides the central and eastern parts of the study region during the post-monsoon (POM) season. Suitability of water quality depends upon total dissolved solids; Water Quality Index (WQI) suggests 70% and 62% of the study area representing hard and sedimentary formations are appropriate for consumption utilities. Irrigation aptness of water for utility suggests the majority of study area is suitable in view of electrical conductance, sodium adsorption ratio, USSL plot, Na%, Wilcox’s plot, Kelly’s ratio, and Doneen’s plot. Dominant hydrochemical facies were observed to be Na-Cl, mixed Ca-Mg-Cl, and Ca-HCO3, and parameters like Na+, Ca2+, HCO3−, Cl−, and NO3− ions have been observed to be higher in the central region next to the east and may be appropriate to influence geogenic, anthropogenic, and seawater encroachment.
First substantial evidence for Old World vultures (Aegypiinae, Accipitridae) from the early Palaeolithic and Iberomaurusian of Morocco
Authors: Manegold Albrecht , Hutterer Rainer 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRemains of at least three species of large aegypiine vultures from early Palaeolithic and Iberomaurusian of Ifri n’Ammar, Morocco are the first substantial fossil record of these taxa in the Maghreb. They can be tentatively referred to the two extant species Aegypius monachus (Cinereous Vulture) and Gyps fulvus (Griffon Vulture), and to the extinct Gyps melitensis. Few fragments of remarkably large bones may belong to especially large specimens of A. monachus, but it cannot be ruled out that they are indeed remains of the so far only insufficiently known palaeospecies A. prepyrenaicus Hérnandez, 2001, originally described from the Upper Pleistocene of Spain. Two vulture species definitely occurred contemporarily; Gyps fulvus was found in the entire sequence, while A. monachus occurred only between 13,800 and 17,000 calBP. G. melitensis was found only once in an unknown stratigraphic context. All remains were found along with human artefacts in a cave deposit. Few bones show longitudinal scratches, which probably are cut marks, indicating that humans made use of the flesh, feathers and/or bones of these vultures. None of these species were previously recorded for the Upper Pleistocene of the Maghreb, and the fossil specimens provide important evidence for the former distribution of Old-World vultures in this area, which is insufficiently known and which changed dramatically during the twentieth century.
Effects of a Single Physical or Mindfulness Intervention on Mood, Attention, and Executive Functions: Results from two Randomized Controlled Studies in University Classes
Authors: Müller Christian , Dubiel David , Kremeti Eleni , Lieb Manuel , Streicher Elisabeth , Siakir Oglou Nour , Mickel Christoph , Karbach Julia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objectives
The primary objective of this study was to examine the effects of one-session physical or mindfulness training on university students’ mood, attention and executive functions in two separate randomized studies.

Methods
Study 1 (physical activity intervention) was implemented in a seminar with 63 and Study 2 (mindfulness intervention) in another seminar with 28 university students. The physical intervention included stretching exercises, balancing tasks, and medium intensity cardiovascular activities. The mindfulness training included yoga exercises, guided attention, and a body scan. In the control conditions, students watched a 15-min fitness or yoga video, respectively. Several mood and attention scales, as well as executive functions were assessed before and after the intervention or control activity. A randomized within-subject cross-over design was applied in both studies.

Results
Repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed that participants in both intervention conditions reported mood to be more positive, more awake and calmer after the intervention compared to the control conditions. These effects were medium to large (Study 1: eta2 = .08-.30, Study 2: eta2 = .15-.30). Attention scores improved more relative to the control condition after the physical intervention (medium effect size, eta2 = .11). Executive function scores improved more relative to the control condition after the mindfulness intervention (medium effect size, eta2 = .17).

Conclusions
These results indicate that a short bout (15-min) of physical or mindfulness activity in a university learning setting positively affected dimensions of mood and cognition known to support academic learning.
Prediction of Outcome After Endovascular Embolectomy in Anterior Circulation Stroke Using Biomarkers
Authors: Pujol-Calderón Fani , Zetterberg Henrik , Portelius Erik , Löwhagen Hendén Pia , Rentzos Alexandros , Karlsson Jan-Erik , Höglund Kina , Blennow Kaj , Rosengren Lars E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStroke is a major public health problem that can cause a long-term disability or death due to brain damage. Serious stroke is frequently caused by a large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation, which should be treated by endovascular embolectomy if possible. In this study, we investigated the use of the brain damage biomarkers tau, NFL, NSE, GFAp, and S100B to understand the progression of nervous tissue damage and their relationship to outcome in such stroke after endovascular treatment. Blood samples were taken from 90 patients pre-treatment and 2 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 3 months after endovascular treatment. Stroke-related neurological deficit was estimated using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at admission and at 24 h. Neurological outcome was evaluated at 3 months. After stroke, tau, NFL, GFAp and S100B increased in a time dependent manner, while NSE remained constant over time. At 3 months, tau and GFAp levels were back to normal whereas NFL was still high. Tau, NFL and GFAp correlated well to outcome, as well as to infarct volume and NIHSS at 24 h. The best time for prediction of poor outcome was different for each biomarker. However, the combination of NIHSS at 24 h with either tau, NFL or GFAp at 48 h gave the best prediction. The use of biomarkers in the early setting after endovascular treatment of stroke will lead to a simplified and standardized way to estimate the nervous tissue damage and possibly complement the clinical judgement in foreseeing the need of rehabilitation measures.
Relationship of Catheter Contact Angle and Contact Force with Contact Area on the Surface of Heart Muscle Tissue in Cardiac Catheter Ablation
Authors: Masnok Kriengsak , Watanabe Nobuo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The aims of this study were to develop an experimental procedure for setting the catheter angle with respect to the surface of the heart muscle and the catheter contact force and to investigate the catheter contact area on the heart muscle as a function of catheter contact angle and force.

Methods
Visualization tests were performed for 5 contact angles (0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°) and 8 contact forces (2, 4, 6, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 40 gf). Each experiment was repeated 6 times with 2 different commercially available catheter tips.

Results
The morphology of the contact area was classified into rectangular, circular, ellipsoidal, and semi-ellipsoidal. The correlation between contact force and contact area was a logarithmic function; increasing contact force was associated with increased contact area. At the same contact force, the correlation between contact angle and contact area was inverse; decreasing contact angle was associated with a corresponding increase in contact area.

Conclusion
Both the catheter contact angle and contact force substantially impact the contact area and morphology in catheter ablation procedures.
Promoting Oral Presentation Skills Through Drama-Based Tasks with an Authentic Audience: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Lee Yow-jyy Joyce , Liu Yeu-Ting 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDrama activities are reported to foster language learning, and may prepare learners for oral skills that mirror those used in real life. This year-long time series classroom-based quasi-experimental study followed a between-subjects design in which two classes of college EFL learners were exposed to two oral training conditions: (1) an experimental one in which drama-based training pedagogy was employed; and (2) the comparison one in which ordinary public speaking pedagogy was utilized. The experimental participants dramatized a picture book into a play, refined and rehearsed it for the classroom audience, and eventually performed it publicly as a theater production for community children. Diachronic comparisons of the participants’ oral presentation skills under the two conditions showed that a significant between-group difference began to become pronounced only after the experimental participants started to present for real-life audiences other than their classmates. This finding suggests that drama-mediated pedagogy effectively enhanced the experimental participants’ presentation performance and became more effective than the traditional approach only after a real-life audience was involved. In addition to the participants’ performance data, survey and retrospective protocols were utilized to shed light on how drama-based tasks targeting both classroom and authentic audiences influence college EFL learners’ presentation performance and their self-perceived oral presentation skills. Analysis of the survey and retrospective data indicated that the participants’ attention to three presentation skills—structure, audience adaptation and content—was significantly raised after their presentation involved a real-life audience. Based on these findings, pedagogical implications for drama for FL oral presentation instruction are discussed.