bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abject Joy
Authors: Schellenberg Ryan S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNo extant text gives so vivid a glimpse into the experience of an ancient prisoner as Paul’s letter to the Philippians. As a letter from prison, however, it is not what one would expect. For although it is true that Paul, like some other ancient prisoners, speaks in Philippians of his yearning for death, what he expresses most conspicuously is contentment and even joy. Setting aside pious banalities that contrast true joy with happiness, and leaving behind too heroic depictions that take their cue from Acts, Abject Joy offers a reading of Paul’s letter as both a means and an artifact of his provisional attempt to make do. By outlining the uses of punitive custody in the administration of Rome’s eastern provinces and describing prison’s complex place in the social and moral imagination of the Roman world, this book provides a richly drawn account of Paul’s non-elite social context, where bodies and their affects were shaped by acute contingency and habitual susceptibility to violent subjugation. Informed by recent work in the history of emotions, and with comparison to modern prison writing and ethnography provoking new questions and insights, Abject Joy describes Paul’s letter as an affective technology, wielded at once on Paul himself and on his addressees, that works to strengthen his grasp on the very joy he names.
I Have Learned to Be Content
Authors: Schellenberg Ryan S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractChapter 4 takes up Paul’s assertion in Philippians 4:11 that he is satisfied (autarkēs) even in prison. Although often read in relation to Stoic ideals, Paul’s claim in fact reflects a much more broadly attested moral ideal; philosophical discourses of autarky are not its source but coincidental products. Comparison with modern prison writing and ethnography invites a redescription of Paul’s rhetoric as an affective practice of survivalist dissent. As with other prisoners, for Paul to assert that he is satisfied in prison is to exercise his residual agency and thus perform an unabjected self, even as the hard somatic fact of his deprivation leaves him eager for relief and dependent on his Philippian addressees.
Rejoice with Me
Authors: Schellenberg Ryan S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis chapter explores the expressions of joy that are surely the most conspicuous feature of Paul’s letter to the Philippians, making three complementary methodological moves: close reading of the language of joy in ancient letters between friends and kin; comparison with modern prisoners’ expressions of joy; and engagement with recent studies of collective emotions and their regulation. Emphasizing the role of Paul’s Philippian addressees in producing and sustaining his joy, it describes Paul’s letter as an epistolary vehicle for the cultivation of positive affect—the Philippians’ as well as Paul’s own.
Marketing for Nonprofit Organizations
Authors: Landreth Grau Stacy 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Marketing for Nonprofit Organizations: Insights and Innovations, Second Edition, is a comprehensive overview of the marketing process written specifically for nonprofit and social impact organizations. This book covers topics important to nonprofit professionals: branding; target audience selection; strategy; promotional tactics, including social media; and marketing evaluation. The “Insights” sections are based primarily on academic research that has been published and now translated into usable information for marketing professionals. The “Innovations” sections highlight organizations that are doing things in a different way and topics that are relatively new to the field. This second edition includes many updated examples as well as new information on several topics such as social enterprise, design thinking, collective impact, and narratives in nonprofits. Readers will find an organized, easy-to-read overview of important considerations in marketing for new and established nonprofit organizations and foundations.
The Heart of the Organization
Authors: Landreth Grau Stacy 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Chapter 2 is all about the importance of the nonprofit brand. The purpose of the chapter is to define branding and emphasize the importance of developing a strong brand identity for nonprofit organizations. Having a strong brand image is vitally important to a nonprofit’s ability to gain traction and donor support. The chapter presents a brief discussion of the importance of brand image and the concept of brand equity for nonprofits. The chapter discusses how to create a strong brand and how to assess the current state of the nonprofit brand. The brand audit is an important part of the strategic planning process, one that is often misunderstood and forgotten. Finally, the chapter deals with the important topic of nonprofit stories and introduces a way to devise overarching nonprofit narratives.
Lessons from the History of Science
Authors: Nathan Marco J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This chapter provides four historical illustrations of black boxes. The first two originate from two intellectual giants in the field of biology. Darwin acknowledged the existence and significance of the mechanisms of inheritance. But he had no adequate proposal to offer. How could his explanations work so well, given that a crucial piece of the puzzle was missing? A similar shadow is cast on the work of Mendel and his early-twentieth-century followers, the so-called classical geneticists, who posited genes having little to no evidence of the nature, structure, or even the physical reality of these theoretical constructs. Another illustration is found in the elimination of mental states from the stimulus-response models advanced by psychological behaviorism. A final example comes from neoclassical economics, whose “as if” approach presupposes that the brain can be treated as a black box, essentially setting neuropsychological realism aside. The history of science, the chapter concludes, is essentially a history of black boxes.
History of Science, Black-Boxing Style
Authors: Nathan Marco J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This chapter revisits the earlier case studies from the perspective of the present analysis of black boxes. By breaking down these episodes into the three main steps outlined in Chapter 5, one is able to see how it was possible for Darwin to provide a simple and elegant explanation of such a complex, overarching explanandum: distributions of organisms and traits across the globe. It also explains why Mendel is rightfully considered the founding father of genetics, despite having virtually no understanding of what genes are, how they work, and even if they existed from a physiological perspective. Furthermore, if Darwin and Mendel are praised for skillfully setting the mechanisms of inheritance and variation aside, and keeping them out of their explanations, why is Skinner criticized for providing essentially the same treatment of mental states? Finally, the analysis sheds light on the contemporary dispute over the goals and methodology of economics.
The Fuel of Scientific Progress
Authors: Nathan Marco J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This chapter addresses a classic topic: the advancement of science. In the wake of Kuhn’s groundbreaking work, positivist philosophy of science was replaced by a more realistic and historically informed depiction of science. However, over half a century has now passed since the publication of Structure. Despite valiant attempts, we still lack a fully developed, viable replacement for the cumulative model presupposed by positivism. At the dawn of the new millennium, mainstream philosophy eventually abandoned the project of developing a grand, overarching account of science. The quest for generality was traded in for a more detailed analysis of particular disciplines and practices. The goal of this chapter is to show how the black-boxing strategy can offer a revamped formulation of scientific progress, an important topic that lies at the core of any general characterization of science, and bring it back on the philosophical main stage, where it legitimately belongs.
Uncertainty in Medicine
Authors: Han Paul K.J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This book offers a multidimensional, multidisciplinary perspective on the challenging problem of uncertainty in medicine. Adopting a textbook approach to the problem, it analyzes the nature, etiology, natural history, and management of medical uncertainty. It draws on insights from a wide range of fields—including clinical medicine as well as anthropology, behavioral economics, philosophy, psychology, and sociology—to develop a set of conceptual frameworks that provide a new way of thinking about medical uncertainty and approaching its management. It makes the case that uncertainty is an essential form of knowledge that should be maintained rather than eliminated, and that the goal of managing uncertainty is to promote uncertainty tolerance among clinicians and patients. The book identifies system-level strategies that can help make uncertainty tolerance a more central focus of medical care.
A Way Forward
Authors: Han Paul K.J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Chapter 6 concludes the book by offering a vision for how to promote uncertainty tolerance in medicine. It identifies various system-level strategies, spanning medical care, education, and research, that can foster humility, flexibility, and courage and thereby help build uncertainty tolerance into the structures and processes of healthcare. The chapter examines how these processes can ultimately enable uncertainty tolerance to become part of both the worldview of individual clinicians and patients, and the overarching culture of medicine. The chapter makes the case that uncertainty tolerance in medicine ultimately requires the adoption of a worldview that affirms the necessity and value of uncertainty, and enables us to transcend it.
An African American Dilemma
Authors: Burkholder Zoë 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Since Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, Americans have viewed school integration as a central tenet of the Black civil rights movement. Yet school integration was not the only—or even always the dominant—civil rights strategy. At times, African Americans also fought for separate, Black-controlled schools dedicated to racial uplift, community empowerment, and self-determination. An African American Dilemma offers a social history of debates over school integration within northern Black communities from the 1840s to the present. This broad geographical and temporal focus reveals that northern Black educational activists vacillated between a preference for either school integration or separation during specific eras. However, there was never a consensus, so the dissent, debate, and counter-narratives that pushed families to consider a fuller range of educational reforms are also highlighted here. Presenting a sweeping historical analysis that covers the entire history of public education in the North, the book broadens our understanding of school integration by highlighting the diverse perspectives of Black students, parents, teachers, and community leaders all committed to improving public education. It finds that Black school integrationists and separatists have worked together in a dynamic tension that fueled effective strategies for educational reform and the Black civil rights movement. The book draws on an enormous range of archival data including the black press, school board records, social science studies, the papers of civil rights activists, and court cases.
The Poetry of Emily Dickinson
Authors: Camp Elisabeth 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The six chapters of this volume collectively argue that Dickinson is an epistemically ambitious poet, who explores fundamental questions by advancing arguments with the purpose of convincing their audience. At the same time, Dickinson doesn’t just make philosophical claims, but demonstrates concretely how poetry can make a distinct contribution to philosophy, by exemplifying abstract ideas in tangible form and habituating readers into productive trains of thought. In this way, she doesn’t just make philosophical claims, but demonstrates how poetry can make a distinct contribution to philosophy. All of the essays in this volume, which are drawn from both philosophers and literary theorists, thus serve as a counterpoint to recent critical work, which has emphasized Dickinson’s anguished uncertainty, her nonconventional style, and the unsettled status of her manuscripts. On the view that emerges here, knowing is a form of hard, ongoing work, much like cleaning or lacemaking, but one for which poetry is a powerful, perhaps indispensable, tool.
Introduction
Authors: Camp Elisabeth 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe contributors to this volume all argue that poetry is a tool for epistemic achievement, and that Emily Dickinson uses poetry both to understand the world and to advocate for poetry as a tool of understanding. Many also argue that Dickinson offers a distinctive construal of knowledge, as a continual process of grappling with a world that transcends complete grasp, through daily cognitive, emotional, and practical labor. While some aspects of the resulting portrait fit the stereotype of Dickinson as a reclusive poet observing “small moments” in nature and in her own mental life, the Dickinson we encounter here is decidedly more determined, argumentative, and hopeful than that stereotype allows. This not only re-writes our conception of Dickinson; it provides lessons for philosophy, by offering alternative characterizations of what knowledge is, and of the methodologies through which it can be achieved.
The Uses of Obstruction, David Hills
Authors: Hills David 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
It is said that metaphor and other forms of figurative language exist to afford people an access they otherwise lack to objects they are eager to understand. In two important poems Dickinson stands this familiar conception on its head, suggesting that figures of speech exist to obscure, obstruct, and soften our view of objects that are entirely too accessible already. This view of metaphor’s work comes as a surprise, given Dickinson’s reputation for vehemence, bluntness, and imagistic violence. This chapter explores Dickinson’s professed motives for metaphor, puts them to work in the interpretation of representative poems, and reflects on their relation to familiar structural features of her work: the hymn forms, the telegraphic diction, the slant rhymes, the dashes.
Sensorial Theopoetics
Authors: Hernández Gloria Maité 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
While the site of inquiry for a theopoetic comparison of “savoring” is language, in mystical texts one cannot extricate language from embodiment. Chapter 3 brings into focus the sensorial imagery of the poetry asking how these images, often erotic, are interpreted by the commentators. This chapter is composed of two sections, “Sight” and “Sound,” dealing with the two most prominent senses in the poems, which function synesthetically—incorporating the activity of the other senses. Being more subtle in the Cántico, and more obvious in Rāsa Līlā, the sensorial exchange in both cases is never completely direct. The commentators are tasked with explaining images of reflection and refraction, sounds and harmony, that represent the simultaneous absence and presence of God. Readers are invited to understand the sensorial, embodied, and spiritual dimensions not as separate, but as participating on their own terms in the experience of savoring God.
Journalism in the 21st Century
Authors: Hardy Jonathan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This chapter presents a snapshot of the main characteristics of 21st-century journalism, examining changes in its organization, practice, and performance. It also contributes to the book’s main themes by outlining links between structural changes in the news industries and shifts in journalists’ activities, attitudes, and self-perceptions. Of particular concern is the impact of the internet and more generally of digitalization. This is considered in relation to traditional print media, television, radio and also with regard to journalists’ practices, which have undergone dramatic, rapid change and disruption. The chapter then focusses on journalistic content, where according to some critics, traditional journalistic standards have been weakened by the growing ascendancy of entertainment values and by the financial need for advertising revenue. Finally, the chapter discusses identity and how journalists’ traditional concepts of self-identity have responded to the pressures described previously.
Norms and Roles
Authors: Oni ’Wale 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This chapter presents an overview of literature on the function of social norms and roles in shaping emotions and beliefs, with particular attention to journalistic professional practice. Through the concepts of accountability, transparency, truth, and social responsibility, journalism is presented as a norm-driven socially constructed profession. For example, journalists’ intrinsic personal norms are shown to be stronger in predicting their behaviour compared with extrinsic influences, such as regulatory laws or organizational policies. This chapter also focusses on journalists’ changing concepts of their own occupational role. A case study is presented on the acceptance and use of digital technologies in journalism in Nigeria, which is discussed as a double-edged sword. Although broadcast journalists may be significantly empowered by the use of such technologies, there is also a perceived dumbing down effect on journalistic practice, such that certain normative roles (e.g., sourcing information and expertise) may be jeopardized and professional ethics violated.
Social Psychology of Identity and Stereotyping in the Media
Authors: Lido Catherine , Swyer Ariel , Amicis Leyla De 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This chapter is focussed on how the media may influence societal attitudes and behaviours, particularly in their coverage of refugees and asylum seekers. Traditional social psychological approaches to concepts of identity, categorization, and prejudice are discussed, followed by a review of relevant current models, such as intergroup emotion theory, integrated threat theory, and the so-called BIAS map (Behaviours from Intergroup Affect and Stereotypes). It is proposed that refugees might receive greater warmth and increased perceptions of competence if they were reframed in the news not as stealing jobs but, rather, as future citizens, supporting their new countries of residence by doing necessary work and by creating new employment avenues. The chapter concludes with a proposal for five evidence-based strategies both for audiences to be more overtly aware of misleading media bias (e.g., the creation of ‘us versus them’ identity narratives) and for developing a more responsible journalism.
Visual Communication Through Body Movement
Authors: Bull Peter 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Nonverbal behaviour plays an important role in journalism because of its heavy reliance on visual forms of communication. In the first section of this chapter, academic research on nonverbal behaviour is discussed in terms of the following topics: the communication of emotion and interpersonal relationships, the synchronization of nonverbal behaviour and speech, deception detection, and communications skills training. The second section focusses on the use of visuals and nonverbal behaviour in two specific journalistic contexts: print journalism and the television news. Illustrative examples are discussed, based on the impact of photographs of the Vietnam War and the dead Syrian boy Aylan Kurdi; celebrity photographs are also considered. There follows an analysis of the television news, focussed primarily on recent changes in audiovisual editing techniques, and this is illustrated by a case study—an analysis of audiovisual news coverage of the British parliamentary expenses scandal of 2009.
Conclusion
Authors: Coen Sharon , Bull Peter 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Media psychology—understood as the study of individuals’ thoughts, feelings, and actions in interaction with media and communication technology—can offer important insights on what remains to be understood about the way in which individuals work. One of the key goals of this book is to challenge the understanding of who a journalist or a news ‘user’ is and how their experience forms and informs the way in which they relate to the world around them. This chapter summarizes the lessons learned throughout the book and discusses the important role that psychological processes at individual levels (e.g., identity), interindividual levels (e.g., attributions), and collective levels (e.g., intergroup dynamics) play in journalism in light of the literature reviewed throughout the book.
Ready, Set, Go!
Authors: Akkermans Jos , Blokker Rowena , Buers Corine , Heijden Beatrice Van der , Vos Ans De 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
One key career transition during emerging adulthood is the school-to-work transition. As careers have become much more dynamic and complex, this particular has also become more challenging for young adults. In this chapter, the authors explain how the school-to-work transition has changed and how individual agency and structural factors can interact to lay an early foundation for sustainable career development. In line with this, the authors argue that career competencies and employability are crucial concepts for today’s school-to-work transition. Finally, they look forward to how future research might contribute to further understanding the contemporary school-to-work transition. In all, this chapter argues that an adaptive school-to-work transition is crucial as a building block for long-term sustainability of careers.
Narrative Approach to Career Identity Development
Authors: Sica Luigia Simona , Sestito Laura Aleni , Palma Tiziana Di 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Examining the impact of family on young peoples’ vocational identity is very important in cultural contexts of Mediterranean countries, where young adults tend to live with their parents for a prolonged time. In the Italian context, living with parents in their 20s and 30s is associated with a specific “delay syndrome” in the transition to adulthood that increases identity instability and hinders career plans. Starting from the historical background of vocational identity and delay syndrome in Italy, the chapter highlights the parental influence on Italian youth’s career development. Specifically, assuming that career construction is a co-constructed process in which parents can be interpreted as identity agents, the chapter presents and discusses the main results of research in the Italian context and proposes a descriptive model of vocational identity co-authoring between parents and young people.
Smooth, Staggered, or Stopped?
Authors: Isdale Kathryn S. , Reddy Vijay , Winnaar Lolita D. , Zuze Tia Linda 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Year on year, incremental progress is the gold standard of education. While policies are in place to address any possible anticipated interruption in overall learner journeys, smooth transitions through an individual’s schooling career are a key aim for education programs the world over. New analysis from a longitudinal study of South African youth suggests that just under half of all learners are following this smooth type of pathway through schooling, with the rest following three other distinct progression routes. This chapter provides the first in-depth look at what young people are doing, how they move through the education system, and how background and school-level characteristics influence those pathways. The study attempts to look beyond the predictable pattern of “achievement begetting achievement” and demonstrates that educational expectations matter and that the school attended need not. Together, the results paint a complex picture of educational transitions where advantage operates but so too does the notion of “beating the odds.”