bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Mesozoic magmatic, metamorphic, and tectonic evolution of the eastern Gangdese magmatic arc, southern Tibet
Authors: Zhang Ze-Ming , Ding Hui-Xia , Dong Xin , Tian Zuo-Lin , Palin Richard M. , Santosh M. , Chen Yan-Fei , Jiang Yuan-Yuan , Qin Sheng-Kai , Kang Dong-Yan , Li Wen-Tan 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTMagmatic arcs are natural laboratories for studying the growth of continental crusts. The Gangdese arc, southern Tibet, is an archetypal continental magmatic arc that formed due to Mesozoic subduction of the Neo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere; however, its formation and evolution remain controversial. In this contribution, we combine newly reported and previously published geochemical and geochronological data for Mesozoic magmatic rocks in the eastern Gangdese arc to reveal its magmatic and metamorphic histories and review its growth, thickening, and fractionation and mineralization processes. Our results show that: (1) the Gangdese arc consists of multiple Mesozoic arc-type magmatic rocks and records voluminous juvenile crustal growth. (2) The Mesozoic magmatic rocks experienced Late Cretaceous granulite-facies metamorphism and partial melting, thus producing hydrous and metallogenic element-rich migmatites that form a major component of the lower arc crust and are a potential source for the Miocene ore-hosting porphyries. (3) The Gangdese arc witnessed crustal thickening and reworking during the Middle to Late Jurassic and Late Cretaceous. (4) Crystallization-fractionation of mantle-derived magmas and partial melting of thickened juvenile lower crust induced intracrustal chemical differentiation during subduction. We suggest that the Gangdese arc underwent the following main tectonic, magmatic, and metamorphic evolution processes: normal subduction and associated mantle-derived magmatism during the Late Triassic to Jurassic; shallow subduction during the Early Cretaceous and an associated magmatic lull; and mid-oceanic ridge subduction, high-temperature metamorphism and an associated magmatic flare-up during the early Late Cretaceous, and flat subduction, high-temperature and high-pressure metamorphism, partial melting, and associated crust-derived magmatism during the late Late Cretaceous. Key issues for further research include the temporal and spatial distributions of Mesozoic magmatic rocks, the evolution of the components and compositions of arc crust over time, and the metallogenic processes that occur in such environments during subduction.
Effect of dietary sources of calcium and protein on hip fractures and falls in older adults in residential care: cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Iuliano S , Poon S , Robbins J , Bui M , Wang X , De Groot L , Van Loan M , Zadeh A Ghasem , Nguyen T , Seeman E 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the antifracture efficacy and safety of a nutritional intervention in institutionalised older adults replete in vitamin D but with mean intakes of 600 mg/day calcium and <1 g/kg body weight protein/day.DesignTwo year cluster randomised controlled trial.Setting60 accredited residential aged care facilities in Australia housing predominantly ambulant residents.Participants7195 permanent residents (4920 (68%) female; mean age 86.0 (SD 8.2) years).InterventionFacilities were stratified by location and organisation, with 30 facilities randomised to provide residents with additional milk, yoghurt, and cheese that contained 562 (166) mg/day calcium and 12 (6) g/day protein achieving a total intake of 1142 (353) mg calcium/day and 69 (15) g/day protein (1.1 g/kg body weight). The 30 control facilities maintained their usual menus, with residents consuming 700 (247) mg/day calcium and 58 (14) g/day protein (0.9 g/kg body weight).Main outcome measuresGroup differences in incidence of fractures, falls, and all cause mortality.ResultsData from 27 intervention facilities and 29 control facilities were analysed. A total of 324 fractures (135 hip fractures), 4302 falls, and 1974 deaths were observed. The intervention was associated with risk reductions of 33% for all fractures (121v203; hazard ratio 0.67, 95% confidence interval 0.48 to 0.93; P=0.02), 46% for hip fractures (42v93; 0.54, 0.35 to 0.83; P=0.005), and 11% for falls (1879v2423; 0.89, 0.78 to 0.98; P=0.04). The risk reduction for hip fractures and falls achieved significance at five months (P=0.02) and three months (P=0.004), respectively. Mortality was unchanged (900v1074; hazard ratio 1.01, 0.43 to 3.08).ConclusionsImproving calcium and protein intakes by using dairy foods is a readily accessible intervention that reduces the risk of falls and fractures commonly occurring in aged care residents.Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12613000228785.
Why do doctors seek peer support? A qualitative interview study
Authors: Horne Ingrid Marie Taxt , Veggeland Frode , Bååthe Fredrik , Isaksson Rø Karin 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesTo understand how doctors reflect on when and why they seek help from an organised peer-support service.DesignData were collected through audiotaped, qualitative, semi-structured interviews. The interviews were analysed with systematic text condensation.SettingA peer-support service accessible to all doctors in Norway.ParticipantsThirteen doctors were interviewed after attending a counselling service in fall 2018. They were selected to represent variation in gender, demographics, and medical specialty. Doctors were excluded if the interview could not be held within 10 days after they had accessed peer support.ResultsThe doctors’ perspectives and experiences of when and why they seek support and their expectations of the help they would receive are presented, and barriers to and facilitators of seeking support are discussed. Three categories of help-seeking behaviour were identified: (1) ‘Concerned—looking for advice’ describing help seeking in a strenuous situation with need for guidance; (2) ‘Fear of not coping any longer’ describing help seeking when struggling due to unreasonable stress and/or conflict in their lives; and (3) ‘Looking for a way back or out’ describing help seeking when out of work. Expectations to the help they would receive varied widely. Motivations for seeking help had more to do with factors enabling or restricting help-seeking than with the severity of symptoms.ConclusionsMany different situations lead doctors to seek peer support, and they have various expectations of the service as well as diverse needs, motivations and constraints to seeking peer support. Further research is warranted to investigate the impact of peer support and how to tailor the service to best suit doctors’ specific needs.
Incidence of stroke, transient ischaemic attack and determinants of poststroke mortality among immigrants in Denmark, 2004‒2018: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Mkoma George Frederick , Johnsen Søren Paaske , Iversen Helle Klingenberg , Andersen Grethe , Norredam Marie 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveUsing recent registry data, we aimed to quantify the incidence of stroke and transient ischaemic attack (TIA) and to examine factors influencing the risk of poststroke mortality among immigrants compared with Danish-born individuals.DesignPopulation-based cohort study between 2004 and 2018. We estimated age-standardised incidence rate ratios (IRR) of stroke, stroke types and TIA for each ethnic group using Danish-born individuals as the reference by direct method of standardisation. We calculated the risk of poststroke mortality using Cox proportional hazard regression.SettingThe study was conducted using Danish nationwide registers.ParticipantsAll cases of first-ever stroke and TIA by country of origin (n=132 936) were included.ResultsOverall, Western immigrants (IRR=2.25; 95% CI 2.20 to 2.31) and non-Western immigrants (IRR=1.37; 95% CI 1.30 to 1.44) had a higher risk of stroke than Danish-born individuals. The risk of TIA was higher in Western immigrants (IRR=2.08; 95% CI 1.93 to 2.23) followed by non-Western immigrants (IRR=1.45; 95% CI 1.27 to 1.63) than in Danish-born individuals. All-cause 1-year mortality hazard was higher but not significantly different in non-Western men (adjusted HR=1.38; 95% CI 0.92 to 2.08) compared with Danish-born men and additional adjustment for comorbidities reduced the HR to 0.85 (0.51 to 1.40) among ischaemic stroke cases. Among intracerebral haemorrhage cases, the adjusted mortality hazard was decreased in Western men (from HR of 1.76; 95% CI 1.09 to 2.85 to HR of 1.30; 95% CI 0.80 to 2.11) compared with Danish-born men after adjustment for stroke severity. Immigrants with ≤15 years of residence had a lower poststroke mortality hazard than Danish-born individuals after additional adjustment for sociodemographic factors (HR=0.36; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.91).ConclusionsThe age-standardised risk of stroke and TIA was significantly higher among the majority of immigrants than Danish-born individuals. Interventions that reduce the burden of comorbidities, improve acute stroke care and target sociodemographic factors may address the higher risk of poststroke mortality among immigrants.
Gastric venous reconstruction to reduce gastric venous congestion after total pancreatectomy: study protocol of a single-centre prospective non-randomised observational study (IDEAL Phase 2A) - GENDER study (Gastric vENousDrainagE Reconstruction)
Authors: Mehrabi Arianeb , Loos Martin , Ramouz Ali , Dooghaie Moghadam Arash , Probst Pascal , Nickel Felix , Schaible Anja , Mieth Markus , Hackert Thilo , Büchler Markus W 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionTotal pancreatoduodenectomy (TP) is the standard surgical approach for treating extended pancreas tumours. If TP is performed with splenectomy, the left gastric vein (LGV) sometimes needs to be sacrificed for oncological or technical reasons, which can result in gastric venous congestion (GVC). GVC can lead to gastric venous infarction, which in turn causes gastric perforation with abdominal sepsis. To avoid gastric venous infarction, partial or total gastrectomy is usually performed if GVC occurs after TP. However, gastrectomy can be avoided by reconstructing the gastric venous outflow to overcome GVC and avoid gastric venous infarction. The current study aims to assess the role of gastric venous outflow reconstruction to prevent GVC after TP and avoid gastrectomy.Methods and analysisIn the current single-centre observational pilot study, 20 patients will be assigned to study after intraoperative evaluation of gastric venous drainage after LGV resection during TP. During surgery, on-site evaluation by the surgeon, endoscopic examination, indocyanine green, gastric venous drainage flowmetry and spectral analysis will be performed. Postoperatively, patients will receive standard post-TP care and treatment. During hospitalisation, endoscopic examination with indocyanine green will be performed on the 1st, 3rd and 7th postoperative day to evaluate gastric ischaemia. Ischaemia markers will be evaluated daily after surgery. After discharge, patients will be followed-up for 90 days, during which mortality and morbidities will be recorded. The main endpoints of the study will include, rate of GVC, rate of gastric ischaemia, rate of postpancreatectomy gastrectomy, rate of reoperation, morbidity and mortality.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has been reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Heidelberg. The results will be actively disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations, and are expected in 2022.Trial registration numberNCT04850430.
Colorectal cancer and the blood loss paradox
Authors: Almilaji Orouba , Parry Sally D , Docherty Sharon , Snook Jonathon 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundFaecal occult blood (FOB) positivity and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) are common manifestations of colorectal cancer (CRC) and both potentially facilitate diagnosis at an earlier, more treatable stage. It has been assumed that both are the consequence of low-grade blood loss from the tumour bed.MethodA retrospective analysis of 1121 cases of CRC diagnosed at a single centre between 2010 and 2016, comparing cases presenting via FOB-based Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (BCSP) and IDA pathways for a series of variables including age, sex, tumour location and prevalence of anaemia.ResultsThe BCSP and IDA pathways each accounted for about 15% of the total case load. There were significant differences between the BCSP and IDA sub-groups in median age (68 vs 78 years: p<0.001), median haemoglobin (138 vs 89 g/L: p<0.001) and proportion of lesions in right colon (31.1% vs 82.5%: p<0.001). The major disparity in the prevalence of anaemia (overall 20.0% vs 98.2%: p<0.001) persisted when controlled for tumour location.ConclusionParadoxically, CRC screening through the detection of FOB positivity and IDA identifies distinctly different sub-populations of cases. The theoretical implication is that an additional mechanism may be required to explain the development of IDA in CRC. The practical implication is that detection of IDA may have a complementary role to the BCSP in population screening for CRC.
Case reports: peripheral cranial nerve injuries resulting from hyperbaric exposure
Authors: Shepherd T. H. , Sykes J. J. W. , Pearson R. R. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryTwo cases of peripheral cranial nerve involvement are described which resulted from decompression barotrauma to the middle ear and maxillary sinus respectively. Such decompression incidents are relatively rare and of importance in the differential diagnosis of cranial nerve deficit following hyperbaric exposure or decompression to altitude.
Lateral release for patello femoral pain
Authors: Henley M. , Osborne A. H. , Telfer R. C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA retrospective survey of 586 patients has been carried out. These underwent one of five different types of Lateral Release for patello-femoral pain.The success rate for each type of Lateral Release is noted and compared in respect of the duration of medical downgrading, morbidity and the Serviceman’s ability to return to a P2 Category.
The first Antarctic winter in tents: The Joint Services Expedition to Brabant Island
Authors: Oakley E. H. N. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryThis, the first in a series of three, describes the medical aspects of the JSE to Brabant Island, Antarctica. The expedition was conceived and led by Commander Chris Furse RN, was logistically light and simple, and used tents instead of huts for accommodation. Main achievements included a 140 mile journey in 5m inflatable boats, the first ascents of 55 peaks, the first complete overwintering in tents, and the 100 mile circumnavigation of the island by canoe. Apart from the well-publicised crevasse fall in which Lieutenant Commander Clive Waghorn RN fractured his femur, medical problems were few and minor. The planning, preparations and problems are described in detail, and subsequent articles will deal with physiological research and clothing and equipment.
Spinal cord decompression sickness: A case history
Authors: Jones D. N. , Hirst A. J. , Mizrahi N. B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe case is presented of a 17 year old commercial diver who developed symptoms and signs of decompression sickness after diving to 42 metres in a caisson. The treatment programme based on telephone communication with the Institute of Naval Medicine at Alverstoke is reviewed. A number of therapeutic Tables were used and of particular interest is the application of a modified Table 62 (extended) whereby the patient was brought from nine metres to the surface over a three hour period on three occasions. It was of concern to the authors that the condition of the patient twice deteriorated after treatment. The treatment was stopped after no further improvement was noted on two successive days. On review one month after discharge the diver had made a full functional recovery and was totally independent.
The Ellison Procedure for antero-lateral instability of the knee
Authors: Walker A. J. , Osborne A. H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTwenty seven patients are assessed who underwent the Ellison Procedure for antero-lateral instability of the knee. Twenty three of these returned to a normal sea-going category at a mean time of 4 months 3 weeks. The Ellison Procedure produced very satisfactory results in those with Grade I or II knee instability.
Step testing as an assessment of physical fitness on Polaris submarines
Authors: Berth-Jones J. , Smith D. J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe fitness of 22 volunteers was assessed at the beginning and end of an SSBN deterrent submarine patrol using the Modified Harvard and Step Up to Physical Fitness tests. This provided a means of evaluating both the value of step tests and the fitness of a sample of the crew.The overall level of fitness of the group was high and did not change significantly during the patrol.The step tests appear suitable for the purposes for which they are employed, but unsuitable for the assessment of extremes of fitness. They could be replaced by a simpler, shorter and safer test.
Mortality and ventricular arrhythmia after acute myocarditis: a nationwide registry-based follow-up study
Authors: Kragholm Kristian Hay , Lindgren Filip Lyng , Zaremba Tomas , Freeman Phillip , Andersen Niels Holmark , Riahi Sam , Pareek Manan , Køber Lars , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Søgaard Peter , Hagendorff Andreas , Tayal Bhupendar 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveIncidence and severity of acute myocarditis vary significantly in previous reports and there is a lack of epidemiological studies on the short-term risks of mortality, heart failure and ventricular arrhythmias in patients with acute myocarditis. Therefore, study aims were to examine 90-day risks of mortality, heart failure (HF) and ventricular arrhythmias in patients with acute myocarditis in comparison to age-matched and sex-matched background population controls.MethodsIn this nationwide register-based follow-up study of patients hospitalised with myocarditis between 2002 and 2018 in Denmark, 90-day risks of all-cause mortality, HF, ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation (VF)), cardiac arrest and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation were compared with age-matched and sex-matched controls from the background population (1:5 matching). Absolute risks standardised to the age, sex and comorbidity distribution of the entire study population were derived from multivariable Cox regression.ResultsA total of 2523 patients hospitalised with myocarditis were included. Median age was 48 years (Q1–Q3: 30–69) and 67.7% were men. Comorbidity burden was more pronounced among patients with myocarditis relative to controls. Standardised 90-day all-cause mortality risk was 4.9% for patients with acute myocarditis versus 0.3% for controls (p<0.001). Ninety-day standardised risks for other endpoints were 7.5% versus 0.1% for HF, 1.9% versus <0.1% for VF/VF/arrest risk and 1.6% versus <0.1% for ICD implantation (all p<0.001).ConclusionsIn this large nationwide register-based follow-up study, patients hospitalised with myocarditis had significantly higher 90-day risks of all-cause mortality, HF, ventricular arrhythmias, cardiac arrest and ICD implantation compared with background population controls.
Managing tomato vine decline with soil amendments and transplant treatments: fruit yield, quality, and plant-associated microbial communities
Authors: Van Eerd Laura L. , Zhou Yangxue , Turnbull Amy L. , Johnston-Monje David , Lazarovits George , Loewen Steven A. 
Published: October 2021

Tomato vine decline (TVD) disease complex results in fruit yield loss, but what soil management strategies might mitigate it? In commercial fields with a history of TVD, five approaches (soil organic amendments and transplant treatments) were evaluated for their impact on fruit yield, fruit quality, and microbial abundance or diversity at four site-years. One site-year had very high TVD pressure and high variability with no yield differences, thus efforts focused on the remaining site-years. Marketable yield was not different among treatments but numerically followed a trend similar to total yield. Amending soil with poultry manure delayed maturity (i.e., increased proportion of green fruit) and had the greatest total yield increases of 17.2%, congruent with decreased abundance of root pathogens (Verticillium dahliae, Rhizopicnis vagum). Microbial DNA fingerprinting data of rhizospheres, roots and (or) stems suggested treatments did not significantly shift the total diversity fungal nor bacterial populations, but the aforementioned pathogen loads were reduced with the application of organic amendments relative to the untreated control. While drenching tomato transplants with pseudomonad culture increased their presence in roots, pathogen load was not reduced relative to the untreated control. Overall, these results show that soil organic amendments were able to improve tomato total yield in two of four site-years without reducing fruit quality (i.e., soluble solids, pH, colour), perhaps, in part, due to their ability to suppress specific root pathogens in commercial fields.
AAC Hodge Canada western red spring wheat
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Fox S.L. , Nilsen Kirby T. , Green Denis , Fetch Thomas , McCallum Brent , Aboukhaddour Reem , Henriquez Maria Antonia 
Published: October 2021

AAC Hodge (BW1069) is a hollow-stemmed, awned and high yielding Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat cultivar suited to the growing conditions in Western Canada. AAC Hodge was 6% higher yielding than AAC Viewfield, the highest yielding check in the Central Bread Wheat Cooperative (CBWC) registration trials (2017–2019). Within the same test, AAC Hodge was 16% higher yielding than Carberry. AAC Hodge matured 1 d earlier than Carberry and 2 d later than Unity; Unity is the earliest maturing check in the eastern prairie growing conditions. AAC Hodge was 7 cm shorter with better lodging resistance than Unity. The lodging score for AAC Hodge was lower than the mean of the checks. The test weight of AAC Hodge was similar to the mean of the checks. Over the 3 yr of testing (2017–2019), the 1000-kernel weight of AAC Hodge was equal to, or higher than all the checks. The grain protein content of AAC Hodge was equal to that of AAC Viewfield. AAC Hodge was rated moderately resistant to Fusarium head blight (FHB; Fusarium graminearum Schwabe) and resistant to leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Erikss.), stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis Westend), stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn), and common bunt [Tilletia caries (DC) Tul. & C. Tul.]. AAC Hodge ranged from resistant to moderately susceptible for its reaction to the Ug99 family of stem rusts. AAC Hodge was resistant to orange wheat blossom midge (OBWM) (Sitodiplosis mosellana Géhin). AAC Hodge was registered under the CWRS class.
Natural selections: regularities observed in a case of untrained ad hoc academic interpreting
Authors: Hanes William F. 
Published: October 2021

A case is presented in which a doctoral student in Scientific and Technological Education with no prior experience was asked to interpret a lecture by a foreign colleague with minimal preparation. The event was recorded and regularities in communication behavior were determined for both speaker and interpreter. Through these regularities in positioning, inferences were drawn regarding their assumptions about the interpretation act. Background information was obtained in an interview with the interpreter. Standing out among the findings was the high visibility of the interpreter, interposing herself both physically and by means of discourse between the audience and speaker, and this marginalization was tacitly accepted by the speaker, indicating a shared view of the interpreter as an acknowledged active participant and (re)shaper of the transmitted discourse.