bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pleurotus tuber-regium inclusion in diet ameliorates dyslipidaemia in obese-type 2 diabetic rats
Authors: Adeyi Akindele Oluwatosin , Adams Folasade Ajoke , Adenipekun Clementina Oyinkansola 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Pleurotus tuber-regium (P.T) is an edible mushroom with abundant polysaccharides that has been used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes mellitus. This study investigated the hypoglycaemic potential and ameliorative activity of Pleurotus tuber-regium incorporated diet on diabetes induced dyslipidaemia.

Materials and methods
Thirty five (35) adult male wistar rats were randomly assigned to seven groups; Normal control, diabetic control, obese control, obese diabetic control, 10% PT, 20% PT, and Drug control. Type II DM was induced by placing the animals on high fat diet for a period of 10 weeks and a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg/BW). P. T was incorporated into the feed and given to the animals for two weeks daily after the confirmation of diabetes.

Results
Treatment of the obese diabetic rats with P. T supplemented diet caused a decrease in the blood glucose level compared to the control groups. Increased organo-somatic ratio of the kidney and heart were markedly (p < 0.05) reduced following treatment (20% P.T). Furthermore, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C and VLDL-C levels were reduced due to treatment accompanied by increased HDL-C in the liver. Histological evaluation of the liver, kidney, heart, and pancreas of the P. T treated groups were comparable to normal.

Conclusion
Incorporation of P. tuber-regium in diets could be effective in reversing dyslipidaemia in obese diabetic patients.
Professional Personnel Adaptation: Essence and Features
Authors: Skripnichenko L. 
Published: November 2021

The article analyzes the issues related to the identification of the essence and peculiarities of professional adaptation of personnel, problems of attitude to unification into groups, the degree of satisfaction: labor activity, working conditions, position in the team, the nature of interactions and relationships in the organization, in the team, themselves and the results of their work, assessment of collectivism. The study used the questionnaire "Assessment of socio-psychological professional adaptation" by M.A. Dmitrireva and "Methodology for determining integral satisfaction with labor" by A.V. Batarshev, the sample was 208 people.
As a result of the study, factors were identified that negatively affect the system of adaptation of recruiting agency specialists: a low level of collectivism, as a result of low team cohesion; low level of self-satisfaction of specialists at work; low level of satisfaction of specialists with achievements in the work.
Among the main directions of improving the personnel adaptation system, the following areas are proposed: increasing the level of collectivism by introducing communication games on team cohesion, as well as organizing intellectual timbuilding for specialists; formation of Total Rewards intangible motivation. This motivation system will allow employees to maintain a balance between work and life and feel their own value; Development of a quarterly performance compensation system. This method will allow for regular assessment of staff achievements.
Self-Service-Portale für das IT-Service-Request-Management: Identifikation relevanter Use-Cases
Authors: Floerecke Sebastian 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungUnternehmen sind im Rahmen ihrer Digitalisierungsvorhaben vermehrt auf der Suche nach einem ihrer IT-Service-Management(ITSM)-Software-Suite ergänzenden Self-Service-Portal. Damit sollen sich Mitarbeiter über die im Service-Katalog enthaltenen IT-Services informieren und eigenständig unterschiedliche Service-Request-Arten auslösen können. Die Self-Service-Portal-Auswahl und -Einführung stellen Unternehmen jedoch vielfach vor eine Herausforderung. Als Gründe gelten insbesondere die hohe Komplexität von ITSM-Software-Suiten, deren vielschichtige Verzahnung innerhalb der Unternehmensarchitektur und der große, intransparente Tool-Markt. Zudem weisen die erhältlichen Self-Service-Portale im Standard gegenwärtig mehrheitlich einen relativ niedrigen Reifegrad auf. Die Forschung befindet sich im Bereich der Self-Service-Portale im Allgemeinen und bezüglich deren notwendigem Funktionsumfang im Besonderen noch relativ am Anfang und trägt somit wenig zur Problemlösung bei. Vor diesem Hintergrund geht vorliegender Beitrag im Rahmen einer explorativen Einzelfallstudie innerhalb eines Großunternehmens der Frage nach, welche Use-Cases (Service-Request-Typen) ein Self-Service-Portal abbilden sollte. Zentrales Ergebnis ist ein aus 16 Use-Cases bestehender Katalog, der als Referenz gleichermaßen für anbietende und einführende Unternehmen dienen kann. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass Mitarbeiter vielfältige Anliegen haben, die weit über die Neubestellung und Kündigung von IT-Services hinausgehen. Diesem Umstand sollte ein Self-Service-Portal gerecht werden.
IgG3 and IL10 are effective biomarkers for monitoring therapeutic effectiveness in Post Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis
Authors: Sengupta Shilpa , Chatterjee Mitali 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundThe assessment of chemotherapeutic responses in Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL), especially its macular form is challenging, emphasizing the necessity for ‘test of cure’ tools. This study explored the diagnostic and prognostic potential of IgG subclasses and associated cytokines for monitoring the effectiveness of chemotherapy in PKDL.MethodsParticipants included PKDL cases at (a) disease presentation, (b) immediately at the end of treatment (12 weeks for Miltefosine or 3 weeks for Liposomal Amphotericin B, LAmB and (c) at any time point 6 months later, for estimating anti-leishmanial immunoglobulin (Ig, IgG, IgM, IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3) and cytokines (IL-10, IL-6).ResultsIn PKDL, Ig levels were elevated, with IgG3 and IL-10 being the major contributors. Miltefosine decreased both markers substantially and this decrease was sustained for at least six months. In contrast, LAmB failed to decrease IgG3 and IL-10, as even after six months, their levels remained unchanged or even increased.ConclusionsIn PKDL, IgG3 and IL-10 proved to be effective predictors of responsiveness to chemotherapy and may be considered as a non invasive alternative for longitudinal monitoring.
Vineyard weed control using alternative methods compared to glyphosate-based herbicide
Authors: PAUŠIČ Andrej , LEŠNIK Mario , TURK Nuša 
Published: November 2021

In a two-year field experiment, six different weed control methods were studied. The methods were: use of the herbicide glyphosate (GL), use of herbicides based on acetic acid (AA), pelargonic acid (PA) and citrus essential oil (EO), mowing weeds with a thread trimmer (TT) and flaming of weeds with fire (FL). Alternative methods of weed control were significantly less effective than the use of herbicide glyphosate. Due to the lower efficiency of alternative methods, large yield losses have occurred, on average, 31 % at AA, 30.6 % at PA, 22.7 % at EO, 5.4 % at TT and 12.9 % at FL in two years. The cost of carrying out controls with alternative methods was significantly higher than the cost of GL. AA it was higher by 3.2-times, in PA by 7.1-times, in EO by 3.8-times, in TT by 3.8- times and in FL by 5.8-times on average in two years. To achieve a comparable control efficiency of GL, five applications of alternative preparations per year have to be performed, or four times mowing of weeds or five weed flaming operations per year.
Birthplace Favoritism and Quality of Education
Authors: Vu Tien Manh , Yamada Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We investigated the long-term effects of birthplace favoritism by top-ranking politicians on the quality of education in Vietnam. We used over 1 million test scores from the 2009 and 2014 Vietnamese national university entrance examinations. We examined both the different timing of political terms and the total years of birthplace favoritism. Using the school fixed effects, we found that birthplace favoritism did not have any significant impacts, regardless of the timing and duration of such favoritism. We did not find evidence for such impacts in the distribution of test scores either. The results also suggest that national entrance examinations were unaffected by birthplace favoritism up to 2014.
Determination of Concrete Shrinkage Initiation in Internally Cured and Conventional Concrete Decks
Authors: Hamid Waleed K. , Steinberg Eric P. , Khoury Issam , Walsh Kenneth K. , Semendary Ali , Ahmed Safiya 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The extended performance of the concrete bridge deck depends on the concrete’s ability to resist early-age cracks, which are primarily induced by self-desiccation shrinkage. Several studies have been conducted to study the effect of shrinkage on the development of early-age cracks. When concrete shrinkage occurs, its magnitude may account for tensile stresses developing in the concrete deck over time. Therefore, determining when shrinkage stress initiates in concrete is critical to precisely predict and analyze early-age cracking. The main objective of this research was to determine the appropriate time at which shrinkage initiates at early age for various concrete mixtures under field conditions. To achieve this objective, two adjacent bridge decks, one with internally cured concrete (ICC) and one with conventional concrete, were constructed and instrumented to measure concrete strains and the temperature in both bridge decks during the first 30 h after concrete placement. The results of the field study were also compared with previous studies. Besides, a new approach to determine shrinkage initiation at early age depending on the strains of the free and restrained shrinkage was used in this research. The results showed that the time of concrete shrinkage initiation in both concrete decks was identical. For each deck, this time was approximately 5 h after concrete casting. The results showed that the time of the shrinkage development initiation in the ICC was consistent with the initial setting time.
Live Imaging of Primary Neurons in Long-Term Cryopreserved Human Nerve Tissue
Authors: Fortea Marina , Jain Piyush , Demedts Ingrid , Tack Jan , Vanuytsel Tim , Cirillo Carla , Vanden Berghe Pieter 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTissue cryopreservation provides a convenient solution for tackling one of the major problems in neuroscience research, namely, the scarce availability of human nerve tissues, especially if needed alive. While brain tissue can be used only postmortem, live nerve tissue can reasonably well be harvested from the periphery. A valuable source of primary neurons is the intestine, which compared with brain has the advantage to be safely accessible via endoscopy. The nerve tissue innervating the intestine (the enteric nervous system; ENS) can be sampled with regular endoscopic biopsy forceps and remains viable for multiple physiological and immunohistochemical tests, as previously demonstrated. Here, we present a method to preserve, over longer periods of time, human primary neurons contained in these biopsies. The use of a cryoprotective agent and the application of controlled cooling revealed to be crucial to properly store the nerve tissue and to enable functional measurements after thawing. These primary neurons were evaluated for functionality (live imaging) and morphology (histology) up to one year after cryopreservation. Calcium (Ca2+) imaging indicated that human primary neurons remained viable and responded to selective stimulations (serotonergic and nicotinic agonists) after cryopreservation. Additionally, immunohistochemistry performed with specific neuronal markers showed that nerve structure and neuronal morphology were retained, with no signs of cellular damage. In this study, we demonstrate that the human ENS is a realistic source of primary neurons, which can be successfully preserved over long times and as such can be exploited both for gastrointestinal-specific as well as for general neuroscience research.
Alfabetización científica y tecnológica en las instituciones educativas de básica y media y el desarrollo de pensamiento crítico, lógico y matemático como factor generador de una industria de software en Colombia
Authors: Gómez Castaño Floralba , Contreras Castro Mario , Bohórquez Pastor Martín , Ruiz Díaz Yadira 
Published: November 2021

Este proyecto de investigación reconoce la importancia de identificar, caracterizar los procesos de formación en el área de Tecnología e Informática y el nivel de desarrollo del pensamiento crítico y lógico matemático que suscita en los estudiantes de básica y media de las instituciones educativas ubicadas dentro de las regiones de influencia de los Centros de Atención Universitaria, -CAU- de la Vicerrectoría de Universidad Abierta y a Distancia de la Universidad Santo TomásLa metodología para el desarrollo del proyecto se enmarca en el enfoque cualitativo, tomando como base el estudio de naturaleza aplicada y de tipo descriptivo, en tanto tiene el propósito de caracterizar y describir sistemáticamente los hechos y características de una población.En el transcurso de la investigación se retoman documentos nacionales e internacionales: “Standards For Technological Literacy” publicados por el International Technology Education Association ITEA en el 2007, donde se determinan las recomendaciones centrales para la implementación de una Alfabetización Tecnológica; El MEN en su documento “ser competente en tecnología - una necesidad para el desarrollo”, también establece las pautas de formación y competencias que se deben desarrollar en el área de “tecnología e informática” en la educación básica y media; igualmente tenidas en cuenta en esta investigación.
Alternativas de integración de competitividad regional entre los departamentos de Antioquia, Magdalena y Meta, 2017
Authors: Fandiño Isaza Jesús Rafael , Ospina Penagos Albeiro , Pérez Ruiz Belma Luz , Ariza Bonilla Faber Anselmo 
Published: November 2021

Desde el año 2000 la CEPAL se ha encargado de realizar el escalafón de competitividad departamental en Colombia, teniendo en cuenta los cinco pilares determinantes de la competitividad propuestos por la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), a saber: 1) Gobierno e instituciones; 2) Desarrollo económico; 3) Infraestructura productiva; 4) Capital humano, y 5) Eficiencia de las empresas. Adicionalmente, desde el año 2013 el Consejo Privado de Competitividad junto con el Centro de Pensamiento en Estrategias Competitivas de la Universidad del Rosario (CEPEC), realizan el Índice Departamental de Competitividad. Estos resultados se han convertido en la base del análisis de competitividad en cada uno de los departamentos, permitiendo evaluar el progreso de las diferentes variables socioeconómicas que allí se miden. El análisis sugiere que la competitividad puede adquirir más relevancia entre los departamentos al interior de pequeños grupos, por lo que se propone alternativas de Integración de Competitividad Regional de los departamentos de Antioquia, Magdalena y Meta; pretendiendo ganar relevancia las políticas de crecimiento y desarrollo regional, con una propuesta de fortalecimiento de la infraestructura, el capital humano y procesos de innovación.
Explorando otros paradigmas en endodoncia de dientes primarios. una revisión narrativa
Authors: Puga Cuevas Nataly Tamar , Reina González Wilson , Vera Bustos Lalfa Arlette 
Published: November 2021

La Inflamación pulpar irreversible y necrosis pulpar en dientes deben tratarse por medio de la terapia endodóntica convencional, la que presenta limitaciones inevitables y conocidas en niños y niñas. Debido a esto ha resurgido la terapia “Esterilización de la lesión y reparación de tejidos”, la que podría sortear las complicaciones de las técnicas endodónticas convencionales. Por lo tanto, el propósito de este estudio es revisar la literatura actual con respecto a la aplicación de esta terapia.
La técnica Esterilización de la lesión y reparación de tejidos usa abundante irrigación y una pasta antibiótica (metronidazol, minociclina y ciprofloxacino) a la entrada de los conductos radiculares para la terapia de dientes primarios con pronóstico malo, en donde el tratamiento endodóntico convencional no está indicado. El objetivo de la técnica es promover la curación de los tejidos periapicales y aumentar la permanencia del diente en boca a un tiempo más cercano a la exfoliación natural.
La técnica Esterilización de la lesión y reparación de tejidos es una alternativa eficaz para el manejo endodóntico de dientes temporales con pronóstico malo.
Estimating Nephron Number from Biopsies: Impact on Clinical Studies
Authors: Morozov Darya , Parvin Neda , Conaway Mark , Oxley Gavin , Baldelomar Edwin J. , Cwiek Aleksandra , deRonde Kim , Beeman Scott C. , Charlton Jennifer R. , Bennett Kevin M. 
Published: November 2021

Significance Statement
Total nephron number is a potentially important marker of susceptibility to kidney disease. This work demonstrates the effect of spatial variation in glomerular density on the estimation of whole-kidney nephron number from biopsy. We show here that a single needle biopsy does not accurately reflect whole-kidney nephron number on an individual level. However, in studies with a large number of subjects or samples, needle biopsies can reveal differences in nephron number between populations. There is a need for new technologies to directly measure nephron number at an individual level.

Background
Accumulating evidence supports an association between nephron number and susceptibility to kidney disease. However, it is not yet possible to directly measure nephron number in a clinical setting. Recent clinical studies have used glomerular density from a single biopsy and whole kidney cortical volume from imaging to estimate nephron number and single nephron glomerular filtration rate. However, the accuracy of these estimates from individual subjects is unknown. Furthermore, it is not clear how sample size or biopsy location may influence these estimates. These questions are critical to study design, and to the potential translation of these tools to estimate nephron number in individual subjects.

Methods
We measured the variability in estimated nephron number derived from needle or virtual biopsies and cortical volume in human kidneys declined for transplantation. We performed multiple needle biopsies in the same kidney, and examined the three-dimensional spatial distribution of nephron density by magnetic resonance imaging. We determined the accuracy of a single-kidney biopsy to predict the mean nephron number estimated from multiple biopsies from the same kidney.

Results
A single needle biopsy had a 15% chance and virtual biopsy had a 60% chance of being within 20% of the whole-kidney nephron number. Single needle biopsies could be used to detect differences in nephron number between large cohorts of several hundred subjects.

Conclusions
The number of subjects required to accurately detect differences in nephron number between populations can be predicted on the basis of natural intrakidney variability in glomerular density. A single biopsy is insufficient to accurately predict nephron number in individual subjects.
СОЗДАНИЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОСТИ В СТРАНАХ АНТИЧНОГО МИРА – ДРЕВНИХ АФИНАХ, ДРЕВНЕМ РИМЕ, А ТАКЖЕ ВИЗАНТИИ – КАК ОТСТУПЛЕНИЕ ОТ ПЕРВООСНОВЫ
Authors: Тыцкая Галина Ивановна 
Published: November 2021

Демократия как форма политической организации городской общины (полиса) в Древних Афинах стала способом решения проблемы противостояния разных сил общества путем поиска возможности сближения их, ориентируя на единственную, важную для всех цель – достижение общего блага полиса. В работе показано, как складывались эти попытки взаимодействия и какой итог в результате был достигнут.
Другой опыт решения проблемы противостояния сил общества был получен в Древнем Риме. Формой власти, призванной решить эту проблему, становится единоличная власть императора, позволяющая объединить значительно расширенное пространство. Но вместе с тем в Риме осознается и необходимость объединения противостоящих сил, поэтому представители сторон, борющихся за свои права, допускаются к управлению, обусловливая таким образом смешанную форму государственности. Найден был и инструмент связи первого лица с обществом. Им стала система римского права.
Третий опыт создания государственности на территории, связанной с античным миром, состоялся в Византии. Возникшая как наследница Римской империи, она переняла ряд особенностей императорского правления Рима. Однако расширение территорий страны, на которой проживали не только народы, близкие к культуре античности, но и народы других цивилизаций, обусловило ход развития общества и государственности, приобрётший черты иных типов культур и прежде всего восточных цивилизаций, что в итоге сказалось на судьбе Византии, предопределивших отход от ее первоосновы и наступление финала империи.
ГОСУДАРСТВЕННАЯ КАЗНА: АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ
Authors: Давыдова Дарья Андреевна 
Published: November 2021

Правоотношения, складывающиеся по поводу государственной казны, являются комплексными и регулируются различными отраслями права. В связи с этим в настоящее время так и не сформировался единый подход к пониманию, что такое государственная казна.
Для понимания сущности государственной казны как финансово-правовой категории принципиальное значение имеют следующие вопросы: является ли государственная казна субъектом права или объектом права? Следует ли разграничивать понимание государственной казны и государственного имущества? Что включает в себя понимание государственной казны? Какие финансово-правовые признаки присущи государственной казне?
Указанные вопросы обозначены в настоящей статье в качестве основных проблем и рассматриваются с позиций ученых-правоведов и законодательства, в том числе советского времени.
Имущество государственной казны является важным и ценным источником неналоговых доходов бюджета, который необходим не только для обеспечения реализации публичных задач и функций, но и для стабильности бюджетной системы государства.
Таким образом, наблюдаются как теоретические, так и практические проблемы, которые влекут за собой отсутствие эффективности процессов, связанных с управлением и распоряжением имуществом, входящим в состав государственной казны, следствием чего является недополучение бюджетами доходов в полном объеме.
Для решения данных проблем автор исследования предлагает начать усовершенствование механизма финансово-правового регулирования с определения понятия «государственная казна», на которое мог бы опереться законодатель. Также представляется целесообразной разработка единого закона о государственной казне или соответствующей главы Бюджетного кодекса РФ в целях унификации и определения основных правовых режимов имущества, входящего в нее, минимизации объема неучтенного имущества и усиления контроля.