bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating narratives of ecocide with the stratigraphic record at Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site, Illinois, USA
Authors: Rankin Caitlin G. , Barrier Casey R. , Horsley Timothy J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNarratives of ecocide, when a society fails due to self‐inflicted ecologic disaster, have been broadly applied to many major archaeological sites based on the expected environmental consequences of known land‐use practices of people in the past. Ecocide narratives often become accepted in a discourse, despite a lack of direct evidence that the hypothesized environmental consequences of land‐use practices occurred. Cahokia Mounds, located in a floodplain of the central Mississippi River Valley, is one such major archaeological site where untested narratives of ecocide have persisted. The wood‐overuse hypothesis suggests that tree clearance in the uplands surrounding Cahokia led to erosion, causing increasingly frequent and unpredictable floods of the local creek drainages in the floodplain where Cahokia Mounds was constructed. Recent archaeological excavations conducted around a Mississippian Period (AD 1050–1400) of earthen mound in the Cahokia Creek floodplain shows that the Ab horizon on which the mound was constructed remained stable until industrial development. The presence of a stable ground surface (Ab horizon) from Mississippian occupation to the mid‐1800s does not support the expectations of the wood‐overuse hypothesis. Ultimately, this research demonstrates that pre‐Colombian ecological change does not inherently cause geomorphic change, and narratives of ecocide related to geomorphic change need to be validated with the stratigraphic record.
Correlation between cortical gene expression and resting‐state functional network centrality in healthy young adults
Authors: Zhu Dan , Yuan Tengfei , Gao Junfeng , Xu Qiang , Xue Kaizhong , Zhu Wenshuang , Tang Jie , Liu Feng , Wang Junping , Yu Chunshui 
Published: February 2021

AbstractResting‐state functional connectivity in the human brain is heritable, and previous studies have investigated the genetic basis underlying functional connectivity. However, at present, the molecular mechanisms associated with functional network centrality are still largely unknown. In this study, functional networks were constructed, and the graph‐theory method was employed to calculate network centrality in 100 healthy young adults from the Human Connectome Project. Specifically, functional connectivity strength (FCS), also known as the “degree centrality” of weighted networks, is calculated to measure functional network centrality. A multivariate technique of partial least squares regression (PLSR) was then conducted to identify genes whose spatial expression profiles best predicted the FCS distribution. We found that FCS spatial distribution was significantly positively correlated with the expression of genes defined by the first PLSR component. The FCS‐related genes we identified were significantly enriched for ion channels, axon guidance, and synaptic transmission. Moreover, FCS‐related genes were preferentially expressed in cortical neurons and young adulthood and were enriched in numerous neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Furthermore, a series of validation and robustness analyses demonstrated the reliability of the results. Overall, our results suggest that the spatial distribution of FCS is modulated by the expression of a set of genes associated with ion channels, axon guidance, and synaptic transmission.
How does losing health insurance affect disability claims? Evidence from the Affordable Care Act's dependent care mandate
Authors: Levere Michael , Hock Heinrich , Early Nancy 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe estimate the impacts of losing access to parental health insurance on Supplemental Security Income (SSI) participation, focusing on the age‐26 limit for dependent coverage. We analyze the age pattern of SSI claims to develop counterfactual predictions that assume no change in access to insurance. Relative to this prediction, we find a 3.4% spike in SSI applications in the months immediately surrounding the 26th birthday, along with a slightly smaller increase in awards. These claims are primarily motivated by losing coverage; there might be more direct ways to address unmet insurance needs without also increasing reliance on cash payments.
The tumor immune contexture of salivary duct carcinoma
Authors: Schvartsman Gustavo , Bell Diana , Rubin Maria Laura , Tetzlaff Michael , Hanna Ehab , Lee Jiun‐Kae Jack , Weber Randal , Phan Jack , Glisson Bonnie S. , Ferrarotto Renata 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundSalivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy. Recently, biomarker studies found promising targetable alterations. In this study, we provide a descriptive analysis of tumor and immune biomarkers and survival associations.MethodsWe extracted clinical data and performed immunohistochemistry for AR, AR‐V7, HER‐2, PD‐L1, LAG‐3, and tumor‐infiltrating immune cells.ResultsWe included 17 patients. Age ranged from 42 to 85 years old; HER‐2 was overexpressed or amplified in 65%. AR was positive in 88% of patients, while AR‐V7 was positive in 13% by IHC. We found low scores of immune infiltration and a PD‐L1 expression in 53%. We found no clinically significant association between biomarkers and survival outcomes.ConclusionIn this small series of SDC, biomarkers do not seem to correlate with disease biology, although they provide additional treatment options. SDC may harbor a different immune profile compared to other subtypes, with an indication of T‐cell dysfunction.
Long‐term neck and shoulder function among survivors of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated with chemoradiation as assessed with the neck dissection impairment index
Authors: Burgin Sarah J. M. , Spector Matthew E. , Pearson Alexander T. , Bellile Emily , Vainshtein Jeffrey M. , Rosko Andrew , Mclean Scott A. , Bradford Carol R. , Wolf Gregory T. , Prince Mark E. , Worden Francis P. , Eisbruch Avraham , Chepeha Douglas B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundOf interest is the long‐term neck and shoulder impairment of patients treated with primary chemoradiotherapy (CRT). This is important for counseling patients regarding treatment decisions when discussing primary CRT.MethodsA cross‐sectional study to identify factors that contribute to neck and shoulder dysfunction in patients treated with primary CRT. We utilized the neck dissection impairment index (NDII). Eighty‐seven patients treated between 2003 and 2010, who were free of disease, responded; 24 of these 87 underwent post‐CRT neck dissection. Mean interval since completion of CRT was over 5 years (62.7 months). Mean age, 63.5 years, male:female 75:12.ResultsMean NDII score was 87.4 (SD 22.1, range 5–100). Multiple linear regression revealed worse NDII scores for patients with larger pre‐CRT gross tumor nodal volume (GTVnodal), controlled for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and the presence of neck dissection (p = 0.02). There were significant associations with increasing GTVnodal and “low” scores for components of the NDII that assessed neck pain (p = 0.02), neck stiffness (p = 0.01), lifting heavy objects (p = 0.02), reaching overhead (p = 0.02), and ability to do work (p = 0.02). Physical therapy (PT) was evaluated as an “anchor” but it was prescribed “as needed.” Regression revealed participation in PT was associated with higher GTVnodal, lower BMI, presence of neck dissection, and female sex (p = 0.00007).ConclusionGTVnodal was an independent predictor of neck and shoulder impairment. High GTVnodal was associated with increased pain and stiffness, and increased difficulty lifting heavy objects, reaching overhead, overall ability to perform work‐related tasks and was associated with participation in post‐treatment PT.
Cordycepin Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis by Activation of the AMP‐Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway
Authors: Lan Tian , Yu Yang , Zhang Jing , Li Haonan , Weng Qiqing , Jiang Shuo , Tian Song , Xu Tonghao , Hu Sha , Yang Guizhi , Zhang Yan , Wang Weixuan , Wang Lexun , Zhu Qing , Rong Xianglu , Guo Jiao 
Published: February 2021

Background and Aims
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, especially nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), has become a major cause of liver transplantation and liver‐associated death. NASH is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and is characterized by hepatic steatosis, inflammation, hepatocellular injury, and different degrees of fibrosis. However, there is no US Food and Drug Administration–approved medication to treat this devastating disease. Therapeutic activators of the AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) have been proposed as a potential treatment for metabolic diseases such as NASH. Cordycepin, a natural product isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Cordyceps militaris, has recently emerged as a promising drug candidate for metabolic diseases.

Approach and Results
We evaluated the effects of cordycepin on lipid storage in hepatocytes, inflammation, and fibrosis development in mice with NASH. Cordycepin attenuated lipid accumulation, inflammation, and lipotoxicity in hepatocytes subjected to metabolic stress. In addition, cordycepin treatment significantly and dose‐dependently decreased the elevated levels of serum aminotransferases in mice with diet‐induced NASH. Furthermore, cordycepin treatment significantly reduced hepatic triglyceride accumulation, inflammatory cell infiltration, and hepatic fibrosis in mice. In vitro and in vivo mechanistic studies revealed that a key mechanism linking the protective effects of cordycepin were AMPK phosphorylation–dependent, as indicated by the finding that treatment with the AMPK inhibitor Compound C abrogated cordycepin‐induced hepatoprotection in hepatocytes and mice with NASH.

Conclusion
Cordycepin exerts significant protective effects against hepatic steatosis, inflammation, liver injury, and fibrosis in mice under metabolic stress through activation of the AMPK signaling pathway. Cordycepin might be an AMPK activator that can be used for the treatment of NASH.
Hexa Histidine–Tagged Recombinant Human Cytoglobin Deactivates Hepatic Stellate Cells and Inhibits Liver Fibrosis by Scavenging Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: Dat Ninh Quoc , Thuy Le Thi Thanh , Hieu Vu Ngoc , Hai Hoang , Hoang Dinh Viet , Thi Thanh Hai Nguyen , Thuy Tuong Thi Van , Komiya Tohru , Rombouts Krista , Dong Minh Phuong , Hanh Ngo Vinh , Hoang Truong Huu , Sato‐Matsubara Misako , Daikoku Atsuko , Kadono Chiho , Oikawa Daisuke , Yoshizato Katsutoshi , Tokunaga Fuminori , Pinzani Massimo , Kawada Norifumi 
Published: February 2021

Background and Aims
Antifibrotic therapy remains an unmet medical need in human chronic liver disease. We report the antifibrotic properties of cytoglobin (CYGB), a respiratory protein expressed in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the main cell type involved in liver fibrosis.

Approach and Results

Cygb‐deficient mice that had bile duct ligation–induced liver cholestasis or choline‐deficient amino acid–defined diet–induced steatohepatitis significantly exacerbated liver damage, fibrosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. All of these manifestations were attenuated in Cygb‐overexpressing mice. We produced hexa histidine–tagged recombinant human CYGB (His‐CYGB), traced its biodistribution, and assessed its function in HSCs or in mice with advanced liver cirrhosis using thioacetamide (TAA) or 3,5‐diethoxycarbonyl‐1,4‐dihydrocollidine (DDC). In cultured HSCs, extracellular His‐CYGB was endocytosed and accumulated in endosomes through a clathrin‐mediated pathway. His‐CYGB significantly impeded ROS formation spontaneously or in the presence of ROS inducers in HSCs, thus leading to the attenuation of collagen type 1 alpha 1 production and α‐smooth muscle actin expression. Replacement the iron center of the heme group with cobalt nullified the effect of His‐CYGB. In addition, His‐CYGB induced interferon‐β secretion by HSCs that partly contributed to its antifibrotic function. Momelotinib incompletely reversed the effect of His‐CYGB. Intravenously injected His‐CYGB markedly suppressed liver inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative cell damage in mice administered TAA or DDC mice without adverse effects. RNA‐sequencing analysis revealed the down‐regulation of inflammation‐ and fibrosis‐related genes and the up‐regulation of antioxidant genes in both cell culture and liver tissues. The injected His‐CYGB predominantly localized to HSCs but not to macrophages, suggesting specific targeting effects. His‐CYGB exhibited no toxicity in chimeric mice with humanized livers.

Conclusions
His‐CYGB could have antifibrotic clinical applications for human chronic liver diseases.
A systematic review on the impacts of Covid‐19 on work: Contributions and a path forward from the perspectives of ergonomics and psychodynamics of work
Authors: Sigahi Tiago F. A. C. , Kawasaki Bruno C. , Bolis Ivan , Morioka Sandra N. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWork is a major issue in the discussions on the Covid‐19 pandemic, whose consequences impair the capacities of workers at all organizational levels and impose unexpected challenges on managers. Nevertheless, the scientific literature still lacks an overview of how researchers have been covering the issue. This article presents a systematic review to investigate the impact of Covid‐19 on work and workers of all occupations, reveal research gaps, and help managers to adapt to organizations amid the pandemic. This review is based on a sample of 258 papers from Web of Science and Scopus databases. Quantitative and qualitative analysis indicated a vast majority of studies focused on frontline healthcare workers and a lack of empirical investigation on managers' work. We show how literature has been addressing different aspects of work (e.g., workers' health, working conditions, procedures, protection equipment, remote working, etc.) in the various economic sectors. We discuss the results in light of ergonomics and psychodynamics of work, two disciplines that conceive work and organization as intimately connected, and that can assist managers in meeting the difficulties brought by the pandemic. We highlight that considering the construction of health, interindividual variability, subjective relation to work, supportive workplace environment, and organizational and individual capabilities can play a key role in successfully adapting and transforming organizations in the current scenario.
Multi‐institutional validation of novel models for predicting the prognosis of patients with huge hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Hui , Liu Qing‐Bo , Xiang Cai‐Ling , Mao Xian‐Hai , Yang Bing , Li Qiang , Zhou Qun‐Fang , Li Shao‐Qiang , Zhou Zhong‐Guo , Chen Min‐Shan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe population of patients with huge hepatocellular carcinoma (H‐HCC diameter > 10.0 cm) is an odd group that is not well adjudicated in the current staging systems, whose prognosis after curative resection varies. We aimed to develop novel models to predict the long‐term outcomes of patients with H‐HCC without portal vein tumor thrombus after hepatectomy. There were 1076 H‐HCC patients enrolled who underwent curative liver resection in five institutions in China. In total, 670 patients were recruited from our center and randomly divided into the training cohort (n = 502) and internal validation (n = 168) cohorts. Additionally, 406 patients selected from other four centers as the external validation cohort. Novel models were constructed based on independent preoperative and postoperative predictors of postsurgical recurrence (PSR) and postsurgical mortality (PSM) determined in multivariable cox regression analysis. The predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of the model were measured using Harrell's concordance index (C index) and calibration curve and compared with five conventional HCC staging systems. PSR model and PSM model were constructed based on tumor number, microscopic vascular invasion, tumor differentiation, preoperative alpha‐fetoprotein level, albumin‐bilirubin grade, liver segment invasion, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio or platelet‐to‐neutrophil ratio, and surgical margin or intraoperative blood transfusion. The C‐indexes were 0.84 (95% CI, 0.78‐0.90) and 0.85 (95% CI, 0.78‐0.91) for the PSR and PSM models, respectively, which were substantially higher than those of the five conventional HCC staging systems (0.63‐0.75 for PSR; 0.66‐0.77 for PSM). The two novel models achieved more accurate prognostic predictions of PSR and PSM for H‐HCC patients after curative liver resection.
Effects of environmental, social and surgical factors on ovarian reserve: Implications for age‐relative female fertility
Authors: Wang Ying , Yuan Yuncang , Meng Dan , Liu Xiaona , Gao Yucui , Wang Fang , Li Yuyan , He Wei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate new risk factors for female fertility by analyzing the effects of environmental, social, and surgical factors on antral follicle counts (AFC) and anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels.MethodsA total of 1513 women aged 20–47 years who underwent in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic injection treatment in Southwest Hospital from December 2017 to December 2019 were included. Women were assessed for AFC and AMH levels, and completed a questionnaire. Ordinal logistic regression analyses with generalized linear mixed models were used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for diminished ovarian reserve.ResultsAdnexal surgery was the only risk factor associated with low AFC in women aged 20–30 years. Younger age at menarche, alcohol drinking, and adnexal surgery are three independent risk factors for AMH decline in women aged 20–30 years. Intense exercise, sleep quality, and adnexal surgery are three independent risk factors for a low AFC in women aged 31–36 years. Alcohol drinking and adnexal surgery are two independent risk factors for AMH decline in women aged 31–36 years.ConclusionWith age, female fertility becomes sensitive to high‐intensity exercise and poor sleep quality. Adnexal surgery and alcohol drinking are two important risk factors for female fertility in women under age 37 years.
Development of an imaging device for label‐free parathyroid gland identification and vascularity assessment
Authors: Mannoh Emmanuel A. , Parker Logan B. , Thomas Giju , Solórzano Carmen C. , Mahadevan‐Jansen Anita 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDuring thyroid surgeries, it is important for surgeons to accurately identify healthy parathyroid glands and assess their vascularity to preserve their function postoperatively, thus preventing hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcemia. Near infrared autofluorescence detection enables parathyroid identification, while laser speckle contrast imaging allows assessment of parathyroid vascularity. Here, we present an imaging system combining the two techniques to perform both functions, simultaneously and label‐free. An algorithm to automate the segmentation of a parathyroid gland in the fluorescence image to determine its average speckle contrast is also presented, reducing a barrier to clinical translation. Results from imaging ex vivo tissue samples show that the algorithm is equivalent to manual segmentation. Intraoperative images from representative procedures are presented showing successful implementation of the device to identify and assess vascularity of healthy and diseased parathyroid glands.
Application of artificial neural network and global optimization techniques for high throughput modeling of the crystal structure of stannites and kesterites
Authors: Matyszczak Grzegorz , Zberecki Krzysztof 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study aims to apply artificial neural networks for the prediction of the lattice parameters of materials with stannite‐ and kesterite‐type structure, and to compare the results of predictions with that obtained in the calculations exploiting the density functional theory. Crystallographic data for 49 compounds with stannite‐type structure and for four compounds with the kesterite‐type structure are found and, based on it, crystal structures are calculated using the density functional theory (DFT) method in a two‐step relaxation procedure for all compounds. An multilayer Perceptron is constructed, which then is trained on gathered crystallographic data. Values predicted by a neural network (lattice parameters) are compared with experimental data and with results of DFT calculations. Moreover, a global optimization method (the Uspex code) is used to find potentially novel crystal structures for investigated chemical compositions. The results are discussed in the term of advantages and disadvantages of each method.
Mitoflash generated at the Qo site of mitochondrial Complex III
Authors: Gao Meng , Qin Yuan , Li Anqi , Wei Sailei , Liu Bilin , Tian Xiangang , Gong Guohua 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe previous research has shown that mitochondrial flash (mitoflash) genesis are functionally and mechanistically integrated with mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) energy metabolism. However, the response of mitoflash to superoxide is not entirely consistent with the response of MitoSOX Red. The generation mechanism of mitoflash is still unclear. Here, we investigated mitoflash activities, using the different combinations of ETC substrates and inhibitors, in permeabilized cardiomyocytes or hearts. We found that blocking the complete electron flow, from Complex I to IV, with any one of ETC inhibitors including rotenone (Rot), antimycin A (AntA), myxothiazol (Myxo), stigmatellin, and sodium cyanide, will lead to the abolishment of mitoflashes triggered by substrates in adult permeabilized cardiomyocytes. However, Myxo boosted mitoflashes triggered by the reverse electron of N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethyl‐p‐phenylenediamine/ascorbate. Moreover, Rot and AntA furtherly enhanced mitoflash activity rather than depressed it, suggesting that mitoflashes generated at the Complex III Qo site. Meanwhile, the inhibition of Complex III protein expression resulted in the activity of Complex III decrease, which decreased mitoflash frequency. The function defect (no change of protein level) of the Qo site of Complex III in aging hearts augmented mitoflash generation confirmed the Qo site function was critical to mitoflash genesis. Thus, our results indicate that mitoflash detected by circularly permuted yellow fluorescent protein is generated at the Qo site of Complex III.
GDF‐15: Diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic significance in glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Hasanpour Segherlou Zahra , Nouri‐Vaskeh Masoud , Noroozi Guilandehi Sama , Baghbanzadeh Amir , Zand Ramin , Baradaran Behzad , Zarei Mohammad 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the commonest primary malignant brain tumor and has a remarkably weak prognosis. According to the aggressive form of GBM, understanding the accurate molecular mechanism associated with GBM pathogenesis is essential. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF‐15) belongs to transforming growth factor‐β superfamily with important roles to control biological processes. It affects cancer growth and progression, drug resistance, and metastasis. It also can promote stemness in many cancers, and also can stress reactions control, bone generation, hematopoietic growth, adipose tissue performance, and body growth, and contributes to cardiovascular disorders. The role GDF‐15 to develop and progress cancer is complicated and remains unclear. GDF‐15 possesses tumor suppressor properties, as well as an oncogenic effect. GDF‐15 antitumorigenic and protumorigenic impacts on tumor development are linked to the cancer type and stage. However, the GDF‐15 signaling and mechanism have not yet been completely identified because of no recognized cognate receptor.