bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Body Mass Index and Diabetic Complications in Elderly Diabetics
Authors: Elsobky H , Hamza SA , Abdul-Rahman SA , Saber HG , Ali MA , Hussein MS , Amer MS 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Diabetes mellitus is a group of diseases characterized by metabolic disturbances with increasing prevalence worldwide. Individuals with diabetes mellitus present with several micro- and macro vascular complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. A higher body mass index (BMI) raises the risk of having uncontrolled diabetes and complications related to it, such as heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, nervous system and eye problems. However, recent studies have reported that being overweight may confer a protective effect against all-cause mortality and on the life expectancy of diabetic patients; this has been termed the obesity paradox. The aim to explore the association between BMI and diabetic complications among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods
A case-control study was conducted on 60 elderly diabetic males and females aged ≥ 60 years recruited from the inpatient wards and outpatient clinics of Mansoura university hospitals. The sample was divided into 3groups: the first group was comprised of 26 elderly diabetic patients with normal BMI. The second group was comprised of 24 overweight elderly diabetic. The third group was comprised of 10 obese elderly diabetic. Full history taking, clinical examination, BMI measurement (kg/m2) were obtained from all participants.

Results
The current study showed that there was insignificant differences regarding BMI between the study groups. Hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic coma were least frequent among obese cases, while neuropathy was more frequent among cases with normal BMI. But neither of these relationships was statistically significant Conclusions:
Any increase in BMI above normal weight levels was not associated with an increased risk of having complications of diabetes mellitus.
Comparative Study on the Effect of Adipose tissue derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells versus Metformin on Age-related Structural Changes of the Cerebellum in Albino Rat
Authors: Doaa Karem M. M , Ahmed Soheir K , Saleh Hanan A , Hamam Ghada Galal 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Aging is a normal physiological process that affects all organs in the body including the cerebellum. Metformin is an anti-diabetic drug that is used in some age-related diseases. Regenerative medicine using adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) is an emerging promising strategy.

Aim
to compare between the role of ADMSCs and metformin on the age-related structural changes of the cerebellum in female albino rats.

Materials and methods
Fifty-five female rats of different ages (4, 12 and 24 months) were included in this study. They were divided into three groups according to their ages: Group I (Adult rats), Group II (Old rats) and Group III (Senile rats). Group II and Group III were subdivided into three subgroups, Subgroup a: rats were left without treatment, Subgroup b: rats were given a single dose of 1X106 ADMSCs via tail vein. Subgroup c: Rats received300 mg/kg metformin/day orally. Rats were sacrificed after four weeks. The cerebellum was collected and processed for H&E, Toluidine blue and immuno-histochemical reaction using glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).

Results
Histological examination of the cerebellum of the subgroups IIa and IIIa revealed age-related structural changes in comparison to group I. Purkinje cells appeared distorted with irregular outline. Some Purkinje cells were seen shrunken while others appeared ballooned. Focal loss of Purkinje cells was also noticed. Granular layer contained small widely separated granule cells. GFAP reaction revealed an apparent decrease in number of astrocytes and their processes. The structural changes were more obvious in subgroup IIIa. In ADMSCs treated subgroups (IIbandIIIb); more noticeable improvement of these changes was noticed compared to the corresponding metformin treated subgroups (IIc and IIIc).

Conclusion
ADMSCs was more effective than metformin in preventing some age-related structural changes of the cerebellum.
Histological Study On Using Ileal Submucosa In Repairing Urinary Bladder Defect In Adult Albino Rat
Authors: Saeed Eman Gomaa El , Moussa Manal H , Hammouda Gehad A , Omar Sahar M. M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Repairing urinary bladder (UB) defect by enterocystoplasty remains the gold standard surgical bladder reconstruction procedure to increase the capacity and compliance of dysfunctional bladders. However, many complications were recorded.

Aim of the work
This work aimed to compare the consequences of reconstruction of urinary bladder defect using untreated small intestinal submucosal (SIS) matrix versus seeded and unseeded decellularized SIS matrix.

Material and Methods
Fifty female albino rats were used in this study. The animals were divided into three groups: Group I (Control) included ten adult rats from which ileal tissue was obtained. Group II included ten adult rats in which their UB defect was repaired by untreated cellular SIS. Group III included twenty adult rats that were subdivided into two subgroups, 10 rats each; Subgroup IIIA where rats had their UB defect repaired by acellular SIS and subgroup IIIb where rats had their UB defect repaired by acellular SIS seeded with adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs).Ten young rats were used for preparation of AMSCs. Morphometric and statistical analysis were also performed.

Results
In rats where UB defect was repaired by untreated cellular SIS, the graft area showed loss of epithelial polarity, presence of intraepithelial cysts and occasional extension of urothelium to the outer surface forming fistula. There were areas of metaplasia with the appearance PAS positive cells. In the lamina propria, there was areas of lymphocytic infiltration together with significant increase in the collagen fiber deposition (p &lt; 0.05). There was a significant decrease thickness of muscle layer as compared to control (p &lt; 0.05). In rats where UB defect was repaired by acellular SIS, urothelium in the graft area showed occasional squamous metaplasia and often the urothelium extended to the deeper layers forming Brunn's nest. There was minimal muscle regeneration in the graft area. However, in rats where UB defect was repaired by acellular SIS seeded with AMSCs, the urothelium in the graft area was nearly similar to control group with uniform urothelium thickness, minimal collagen fibers deposition and thick muscle layer that showed no significant difference from the control (p &gt; 0.05).

Conclusion
Acellular SIS seeded with AMSCs showed better results compared to non-seeded and cellular SIS in reconstructing urinary bladder defects.
A Histological and Immunohistochemical Study on the Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Rat Lung Tissue
Authors: Elshakaa Nagwa , Bahaa Nevine , Zeid Asmaa Abo , Latif Heba Abdel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Nanoparticles (NPs) have unique and novel properties that lead to a diverse array of products with applications in diagnosis, drug delivery, food industry, paints, electronics, environmental cleanup, cosmetics and sunscreens. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are one of the most widely used engineered nanoparticles in consumer products. They are utilized in many commercial products including cosmetics, paints, textiles, and personal hygiene products. The study aimed to assess the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles administered Intranasal or intravenous on lung tissue.

Materials & methods
twenty-five male Wistar rats were divided into Group I; control group, group II (Intranasal administered group) group II (Intravenous administered group). The animals were injected with 4 mg/kg of ZnO NPs. Rat Lungs were processed for histological, immunohistochemical.

Results
ZnO NPs caused thickening of interalveolar septa. Mononuclear cells were seen infiltrating the interalveolar septa. Many dilated blood vessels exhibited focal disruption and focal thickening of their wall. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) immune reactivity was significantly increased. These findings increased mainly in the intranasal administered group when compared with the intravenous group.

Conclusion
ZnO
NPs administration caused toxic effects on the histological structure of albino rat lung.
Relationship between Gastroesophageal Reflux and IL-8
Authors: Youssef Tarek M , Ghandour Ahmed M. El , Hassan Afaf Z , Ahmed Ahmed El metwally 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition that develops by reflux of the stomach contents into the esophagus, and causes troublesome symptoms, such as heartburn and regurgitation.

Aim of the work
to evaluate the serum level of IL-8 in patients of GERD with its degrees including NERD and refractory GERD and normal controls.

Patients and Methods
The study included four groups of patients, Group-1 including 15 patients with GERD symptoms who didn’t receive treatment or who received treatment for less than 8 weeks with improvement of symptoms, Group-2 including 15 Patients with NERD, group-3 including 15 patients with refractory GERD and who received PPIs for more than 8 weeks without improvement of symptoms and group-4 of normal controls.

Results
serum IL8 level was elevated in the group of refractory GERD more than the group of GERD more than the group of NERD more than normal controls. Relation between serum IL8 and pathological findings in each group included in the study revealed statistically significant difference, in the group of GERD IL8 was elevated in the cases of severe reflux oesophagitis more than mild reflux oesophagitis more than moderate reflux oesophagitis more than barrets esophagitis, there is statistically significant difference. While in patients with refractory GERD IL8 was elevated in the cases of severe oesophagitis more than the cases of moderate reflux oesophagitis, there is statistically not significant difference

Conclusion
Serum Interleukin-8 (IL8) level was elevated in patients with refractory GERD more than patients with GERD more than patients of NERD more than normal controls. Pathological features that we found in patients with GERD were moderate reflux oesophagitis (52%) more than mild reflux oesophagitis (40%) more than severe reflux oesophagitis (8%), while in patients with refractory GERD there were severe reflux oesophagitis (56%) more than Barrett's esophagitis (28%) more than moderate reflux oesophagitis (16%).
Assessment of myostatin in obese males and females with and without fatty liver
Authors: Makhlof Mohammed A , Salama Mohamed M , Elessawy Hagar A , Elhaj Isam B 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This study was carried out to assess myostatin levels in obese males and females with and without fatty liver.

Methodology
This is a comparative case control study was conducted in Ain Shams University hospital. Patients were divided into two groups. Group1: 40 obese patients of both sexes (20 of them with fatty liver and 20 without fatty liver) Group 2: 40 normal weight patients of both sexes (20 with fatty liver and 20 without) In this study we considered the serum concentration of myostatin seems to range from 7 to 32 ng/ml in the general population as in the literature All participating patients have to sign informed oral or written consent after through explanation of the purpose and procedure of the study. The current protocol is to be approved by the Ethical Committee of Internal Medicine Department and the Ethical Committee of Faculty of medicine Ain shams University. The collected data was be tabulated and statistically analyzed using SPSS program (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) software version 20.0 Descriptive statistics was done for numerical parametric data as mean+-SD (standard deviation) and minimum and maximum of the range and for numerical non parametric data The level of significance is taken at p value &lt;0.050 is significant otherwise is non-significant.

Results
The body mass index (BMI) among the groups of patients is significantly associated with gender and the present or absent of fatty liver. Statistically significant with value (0.000) BMI is significantly associated with gender in the present or absent of fatty liver. Statistically significant with value 0.005 Very few report myostatin level less than the normal value 2/80 (2.5%), normal range was only 12/80 (15%) and those reported high range of myostatin were 66/80 (82.5%). The myostatin level is significantly associated the BMI. 95% CI of difference were between 103.25 to 233.9. Std. error of mean is 32.84. Statistically significant with value (0.000) where it is considered to be significant with value &lt;0.05.

Conclusion
This study revealed the association between BMI, gender and elevated myostatin at level of statistically significant value. The majority of the study population reported high range of myostatin were in about 82.5% the range was above the normal values. A large scale, multicentre study to provide strong evidence was recommended.
Racial Differences in Food Allergy Phenotype and Health Care Utilization among Egyptian & USA Patients
Authors: Elmazaly Ahmed Y , Refaat Maged M , Assa’ad Amal H , Fares Mohamed N , Abdel Latif Osama M , Mohamed Manar F 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
This research is to answer the question of whether socio-economic class and the environmental factors associated with it has an impact on the presentation of food allergy (FA) in the Egyptian population, including serum IgE, sensitization to different foods and the impact on the family.

Methods
The study was conducted over 50 patients diagnosed with IgE-mediated FA aged less than 12 years, All patients were subjected to FA-related QOL Questionnaire. The study investigated age, gender, duration of pregnancy, mode of delivery, birth place, parental education, annual household income and household size as proxy sociodemographic variables.

Results
Low SES as regard low household income, small household size, more crowded household and low level of parental education, showed an impact on FA; Milk was the most common food allergen (60%) with late self-reporting FA cases; In contrast to high SES patients showed higher household income, bigger household size with less crowded household and higher level of parental education; Egg was the most common food allergen (56%) with earlier self-reporting of FA. With no significant deference as regard to sex preference (Male predominance), childhood infections, pre-natal & first year antibiotics use, pets in the house, household smoking, symptoms of FA, number & severity of reactions, history of anaphylaxis, number of ER visits & hospitalization and history of associated allergies.

Conclusion
SES is a proxy measure for lifestyle features and characteristics including dietary habits, allergen exposure and other environmental factors and it is an important risk factor for atopic dermatitis, rhinitis and food allergy.
Impact of the vascular access on morbidity and mortality in chronic hemodialysis patients
Authors: Zaki Ali Mahmoud Mohamed , Elsaeed Tamer Waheed , hassan Mohamed Saeed , Ahmed Al Shaimaa Ebrahem 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Patients with endstage renal disease (ESRD) have high rates of mortality and morbidity. Adequate dialysis is essential to maintain a high quality of life and survival in these patients. Vascular access is also known as a ‘lifeline’ for patients receiving hemodialysis (HD). Complications associated with vascular access result in frequent hospitalizations and often require intervention. These complications have significant impacts on the morbidity and mortality of dialysis patients, while also leading to high medical costs. As a result, having a wellfunctioning point of vascular access is very important. We aimed to study the prevelance of different types of vascular access and practice patterns at Ain Shams university hospitals and to study the impact of vascular access related problems on morbidity and mortality.

Patients and Methods
This study is a prospective cohort study conducted in Ain shams university hospitals dialysis units in which all adults with end-stage kidney disease (ESRD) from the three units were included in the study. All patients were assessed as regard basic demographics, patient characteristics and vascular access characteristics. At the start of the study and then after one year data about vascular access related mortality and morbidity were collected. Statistical data analysis was done using SPSS (statistical package for the social sciences, version 2019, SPSS, Inc, Chicago, III, USA)

Results
In our HD population where the majority of catheters were temporary nontunneled catheters, dialysis catheter use was associated with higher mortality and increased hospitalization rates compared with AV access. These results emphasize the urgent need to minimize the use of dialysis catheters.

Conclusion
Using dialysis catheter carries a higher risk for life threatening complications compared to AV access.
Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Bowel Wall Thickness and Intramural Blood Flow in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Sayed Moataz Mohamed , El-Atrebi Kamal El-Deen Abdelrahman , George Tari Magdy Aziz , Marey Hazem Mohamed Abd Elazim 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Ulcerative colitis, a type of inflammatory bowel disease that merely affects the mucosa and submucosa of colon in the form of inflammatory ulcers. Colonoscopy is the gold standard for its diagnosis. For optimal monitoring of disease activity in UC patients, colonoscopy should be performed on a regular basis. However, repeated colonoscopies represent a logistic and economic challenge, as well as significant burden for the patients.

Objectives
Our study aimed to provide an extensive overview of the main pathologic features of gut wall vessels and bowel wall thickness at US examination of UC.

Patients and Methods
This prospective case control study was done on 40 patients confirmed to have UC attending to Outpatient Clinics of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department – Ain-Shams University from October 2018 to Augost 2019. They were divided into two groups: Relapse group: Include 20 patients with active UC disease. Remission group: Include 20 patients with inactive UC disease (in remission state). These two groups were matched with 20 healthy individuals, matched for age and gender and considered to be a control group.
Disease activity was categorized according to the endoscopic Mayo score.Ultrasound and endoscopic findings were compared for each colon segment except for the rectum.

Results
The peak incidence of affected patients was 30–40 years of age. Female predominance compared to male with a ratio of 2.6:1. 20% of remission patients complaining from 1-2 bowel movement while 45% and 50% of relapsing patients suffer from 3-4 and 5 bowel movement respectively. 100%, 100%, 20% and 15% of relapsing patients suffer from bleeding per rectum, abdominal pain, tenesmus and urgency. Higher ESR and CRP and lower hemoglobin in relapsing compared to remission group. Furthermore, The last group has higher value of ESR and CRP and lower value of hemoglobin compared to control group. BWT was significantly thicker in relapse group (4.8±0.7 mm) than of remission (3.55±0.5 mm) compared to control group (1.6±0.5) (p value &lt;0.001). BWT at a cut-offs &gt; 4 mm discriminating between cases with relapse from those with remission and at a cut-offs &gt;4 mm discriminating between mild endoscopic severity from moderate and severe UC. Furthermore, BWT at a cut-offs &gt;4.6 mm discriminating between mild and moderate endoscopic severity from severe UC. Vascular signal number at a cut-offs &gt;1 discriminating between cases with relapse from those with remission and at a cut-offs &gt;2 discriminating between mild and moderate endoscopic severity of UC.

Conclusion
Abdominal ultrasound is a widely available non-invasive method for imaging of UC. It provides a high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in diagnosis and monitoring of UC activity.
Study of Expression of Autophagy Related Gene 5 (ATG5) in Egyptian Patients Newly Diagnosed with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
Authors: Soliman AbdelRahman AbdelHamid , Ibrahim Rasha Ibrahim , Saeed Alia Mohamed , Mohamed Haydi Sayed , Nageeb Mary Gamal , Mahmoud Hebatullah Magdy 
Published: October 2021

Abstract:

BACKGROUND
Autophagy is the cellular mechanism for homeostasis maintenance and survival under stressful conditions like hypoxia and nutrient deprivation. It has been extensively studied in various types of malignancies. However, the relationship between cancer and autophagy is still controversial. Researchers have been focusing on the exploitation of autophagy in the invention of new cancer therapeutics. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is one type of malignancies with the highest resistant rates and worst prognosis. Knowing whether autophagy has a role in its initiation or progression would be of a great benefit. It would open the door to adding autophagy modulator drugs to conventional treatments in clinical trials to improve disease outcome.

AIM
To assess the basal level of autophagy in newly diagnosed ALL cases using ATG5 expression level, a key autophagy gene, and detect the relationship between the level of autophagy and prognosis.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
35 newly diagnosed ALL patients and 15 healthy controls were included in the study. ATG5 RNA transcript level was measured by real time RT-PCR in all subjects using peripheral blood samples. Patients were followed up monthly for a year by Bone marrow aspiration and minimal residual disease using multiparameter color flowcytometry to detect resistance and early relapse.

RESULTS
ATG5 expression level was significantly higher in the ALL patients compared to the control group. Cases had approximately twice the mean expression value of the control (2.15±2.2 vs 1.09 ± 0.47). (P value = 0.01). The median value of the ATG 5 expression of the cases was used as a cut point to divide them into two groups of low and high expression. More B-ALL patients were in the high ATG5 group (83% vs 53%, P value=0.05). In addition, the high ATG5 group displayed a significantly lower haemoglobin level, platelet count, LDH level and CD 8 expression than the low ATG5 group (Mean Hb level of 7.7 g/dl vs 9.6 g/dl respectively, P value=0.04, Mean Platelet count of almost 55 x 109/L vs 105 x 109/L respectively, P value = 0.01, Mean LDH level of 455 vs 1260 U/L respectively, P value=0.02, CD8 + patients 0% vs 23% respectively, P value=0.05). Although ATG5 level was also more associated with a higher white blood cell count, the presence of extramedullary disease, a positive Philadelphia chromosome and post induction refractoriness, no statistical significance was found. ATG5 expression neither showed a significant relation with patients overall survival nor their disease free survival.

CONCLUSION
Basal autophagy level is high in ALL disease and associated with more aggressive disease characteristics. More researches are needed to detect its clear relationship with disease prognosis.