bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Ag3PO4 comparison material for stable oxygen isotope analysis
Authors: Watzinger Andrea , Schott Katharina , Hood‐Nowotny Rebecca , Tamburini Federica , Arppe Laura , Cristini Domiziana , Knöller Kay , Skrzypek Grzegorz 
Published: April 2021

RationaleA silver phosphate reference material (Ag3PO4) for the measurement of stable oxygen isotope compositions is much needed; however, it is not available from the authorities distributing reference materials. This study aims to fill this gap by calibrating a new Ag3PO4 stable isotope comparison material produced by the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU).MethodsAliquots of Ag3PO4 were distributed to four laboratories who frequently measure the δ18O value in Ag3PO4; the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), the University of Western Australia (UWA), the University of Helsinki (UH), and the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ). The instruments used to perform the measurements were high‐temperature conversion elemental analysers coupled with continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometers. The working gas δ18O value was set to 0‰ and the normalization was done by a three‐point linear regression using the reference materials IAEA‐601, IAEA‐602, and NBS127.ResultsThe mean δ18O value of the new BOKU Ag3PO4 comparison material on the VSMOW‐SLAP scale is 13.71‰ and the combined uncertainty is estimated as ±0.34‰. This estimated uncertainty is within the range typical for comparison materials of phosphates and sulphates. Consistent results from the different laboratories probably derived from similar instrumentation, and use of the same reference materials and normalization procedure. The matrix effect of the different reference materials used in this study was deemed negligible.ConclusionsThe BOKU Ag3PO4 can be used as an alternative comparison material for stable oxygen isotope analysis and is available for stable isotope research laboratories to facilitate calibration.
Association of neurogranin gene expression with Alzheimer's disease pathology in the perirhinal cortex
Authors: Sun Xiaoyan , Wang Qian , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , McCarthy Micheline , Loewenstein David A. , Vontell Regina , Yue Zhenyu , Zhang Bin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionSynaptic damage is a key pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The mechanism underlying synaptic vulnerability in AD remains elusive.MethodsUsing a large‐scale transcriptomic dataset, we analyzed the neurogranin‐centered integrative gene network and assessed the correlation of neurogranin (NRGN) gene expression with AD pathology in post mortem brains. We studied the association of NRGN expression with Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) and neuropathological diagnosis of AD.ResultsWe find that the genes positively correlated with NRGN expression in AD are involved in synaptic transmission and cation channel pathways. NRGN expression is correlated with amyloid and tau pathology in the perirhinal cortex of post mortem brains. NRGN expression is associated with the diagnosis of AD and correlated with CDR.DiscussionTranscriptional regulation of the gene encoding for synaptic protein is involved in selective synaptic damage in AD. Identifying the genes associated with synaptic damage pathways in AD may provide targets for intervention.
Influence of maternal body mass index on interobserver variability of fetal ultrasound biometry and amniotic‐fluid assessment in late pregnancy
Authors: Martins J. G. , Kawakita T. , Gurganus M. , Baraki D. , Jain P. , Papageorghiou A. T. , Abuhamad A. Z. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine the interobserver reproducibility of fetal ultrasound biometric and amniotic‐fluid measurements in the third trimester of pregnancy, according to maternal body mass index (BMI) category.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study of women with a singleton gestation beyond 34 weeks, recruited into four groups according to BMI category: normal (18.0–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2), obese (30.0–39.9 kg/m2) and morbidly obese (≥ 40 kg/m2). Multiple pregnancies, women with diabetes and pregnancies with a fetal growth, structural or genetic abnormality were excluded. In each woman, fetal biometric (biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference, abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL) and estimated fetal weight) and amniotic‐fluid (amniotic‐fluid index (AFI) and maximum vertical pocket (MVP)) measurements were obtained by two experienced sonographers or physicians, blinded to gestational age and each other's measurements. Differences in measurements between observers were expressed as gestational age‐specific Z‐scores. The interobserver intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's reliability coefficient (CRC) were calculated. Bland–Altman analysis was used to assess the degree of reproducibility.ResultsIn total, 110 women were enrolled prospectively (including 1320 measurements obtained by 17 sonographers or physicians). Twenty (18.2%) women had normal BMI, 30 (27.3%) women were overweight, 30 (27.3%) women were obese and 30 (27.3%) women were morbidly obese. Except for AFI (ICC, 0.65; CRC, 0.78) and MVP (ICC, 0.49; CRC, 0.66), all parameters had a very high level of interobserver reproducibility (ICC, 0.72–0.87; CRC, 0.84–0.93). When assessing reproducibility according to BMI category, BPD measurements had a very high level of reproducibility (ICC ≥ 0.85; CRC > 0.90) in all groups. The reproducibility of AC and FL measurements increased with increasing BMI, while the reproducibility of MVP measurements decreased. Among the biometric parameters, the difference between the BMI categories in measurement‐difference Z‐score was significant only for FL. Interobserver differences for biometric measurements fell within the 95% limits of agreement.ConclusionObesity does not seem to impact negatively on the reproducibility of ultrasound measurements of fetal biometric parameters when undertaken by experienced sonographers or physicians who commonly assess overweight, obese and morbidly obese women. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Critical point Higgs inflation in the Palatini formulation
Authors: Enckell Vera-Maria , Nurmi Sami , Räsänen Syksy , Tomberg Eemeli 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We study Higgs inflation in the Palatini formulation with the renormalisation group improved potential in the case when loop corrections generate a feature similar to an inflection point. Assuming that there is a threshold correction for the Higgs quartic coupling λ and the top Yukawa coupling yt, we scan the three-dimensional parameter space formed by the two jumps and the non-minimal coupling ξ.The spectral index ns can take any value in the observationally allowed range. The lower limit for the running is αs> −3.5 × 10−3, and αs can be as large as the observational upper limit. Running of the running is small. The tensor-to-scalar ratio is 2.2×10−17< r < 2 × 10−5. We find that slow-roll can be violated near the feature, and a possible period of ultra-slow-roll contributes to the widening of the range of CMB predictions. Nevertheless, for the simplest tree-level action, the Palatini formulation remains distinguishable from the metric formulation even when quantum corrections are taken into account, because of the small tensor-to-scalar ratio.
Classifying boundary conditions in JT gravity: from energy-branes to α-branes
Authors: Goel Akash , Iliesiu Luca V. , Kruthoff Jorrit , Yang Zhenbin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We classify the possible boundary conditions in JT gravity and discuss their exact quantization. Each boundary condition that we study will reveal new features in JT gravity related to its matrix integral interpretation, its factorization properties and ensemble averaging interpretation, the definition of the theory at finite cutoff, its relation to the physics of near-extremal black holes and, finally, its role as a two-dimensional model of cosmology.
Evaluating cannabidiol (CBD) expectancy effects on acute stress and anxiety in healthy adults: a randomized crossover study
Authors: Spinella Toni C. , Stewart Sherry H. , Naugler Julia , Yakovenko Igor , Barrett Sean P. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Rationale
Cannabidiol (CBD) has been reported to attenuate stress and anxiety, but little is known about the extent to which such effects result from pharmacological versus expectancy factors.

Objectives
We evaluated whether CBD expectancy alone could influence stress, anxiety, and mood, and the extent to which beliefs regarding CBD effects predicted these responses.

Methods
In this randomized crossover study, 43 health adults (23 women) attended two experimental laboratory sessions, where they self-administered CBD-free hempseed oil sublingually. During one session, they were (incorrectly) informed that the oil contained CBD and in the other session, that the oil was CBD-free. Following administration, participants engaged in the Maastricht Acute Stress Test (MAST). Heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed continuously, and subjective state was assessed at baseline, 90-min following oil administration, immediately following the MAST, and after a 10-min recovery period.

Results
The CBD expectancy condition was associated with increased sedation as well as with changes in HRV that were consistent with heightened anticipatory stress regulation. Overall, there were no systematic changes in subjective stress, or anxiety, according to expectancy condition. However, participants who endorsed strong a priori beliefs that CBD has anxiolytic properties reported significantly diminished anxiety in the CBD expectancy condition.

Conclusions
CBD expectancy alone impacted several subjective and physiological responses. Additionally, expectancy-related factors were implicated in anxiolytic effects of CBD for those who believed it was helpful for such purposes, emphasizing the need to measure and control for CBD-related expectancies in clinical research that involves the administration of CBD.
The Controlling $$L_\infty $$-Algebra, Cohomology and Homotopy of Embedding Tensors and Lie–Leibniz Triples
Authors: Sheng Yunhe , Tang Rong , Zhu Chenchang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we first construct the controlling algebras of embedding tensors and Lie–Leibniz triples, which turn out to be a graded Lie algebra and an $$L_\infty $$

L
∞

-algebra respectively. Then we introduce representations and cohomologies of embedding tensors and Lie–Leibniz triples, and show that there is a long exact sequence connecting various cohomologies. As applications, we classify infinitesimal deformations and central extensions using the second cohomology groups. Finally, we introduce the notion of a homotopy embedding tensor which will induce a Leibniz$$_\infty $$

∞

-algebra. We realize Kotov and Strobl’s construction of an $$L_\infty $$

L
∞

-algebra from an embedding tensor, as a functor from the category of homotopy embedding tensors to that of Leibniz$$_\infty $$

∞

-algebras, and a functor further to that of $$L_\infty $$

L
∞

-algebras.
Deep and ongoing response of castrate-resistant prostate cancer on very low-dose enzalutamide in an elderly chemotherapy–naïve patient: a case report
Authors: Boerrigter Emmy , Havenith Thomas , van Erp Nielka P. , Schnog John-John B. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Enzalutamide is an orally administered drug that blocks signaling in the androgen receptor with clinical activity in both chemotherapy–naive and post-chemotherapy patients with castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Enzalutamide is generally well-tolerated, but dose reductions are nonetheless needed in case of side effects.

Case
An 82-year-old patient with chemotherapy–naive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer was treated with a very low dose of 40 mg enzalutamide once daily. The trough levels of enzalutamide and the active metabolite N-desmethylenzalutamide were 4.5 mg/L and 3.0 mg/L, respectively. This exposure provided a long-term response without any significant side effects.

Conclusion
Low doses of enzalutamide may be efficacious, while also reducing the risk of side effects. Furthermore, employing a lower dose would reduce healthcare costs and increase access to enzalutamide. Studies exploring the efficacy of lower enzalutamide doses are warranted.
Disease recurrence after colorectal cancer surgery in the modern era: a population-based study
Authors: Qaderi Seyed M. , Galjart Boris , Verhoef Cornelis , Slooter Gerrit D. , Koopman Miriam , Verhoeven Robert H. A. , de Wilt Johannes H. W. , van Erning Felice N. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This population-based study determined the cumulative incidence (CI) of local, regional, and distant recurrences, examined metastatic patterns, and identified risk factors for recurrence after curative treatment for CRC.

Methods
All patients undergoing resection for pathological stage I–III CRC between January 2015 and July 2015 and registered in the Netherlands Cancer Registry were selected (N = 5412). Additional patient record review and data collection on recurrences was conducted by trained administrators in 2019. Three-year CI of recurrence was calculated according to sublocation (right-sided: RCC, left-sided: LCC and rectal cancer: RC) and stage. Cox competing risk regression analyses were used to identify risk factors for recurrence.

Results
The 3-year CI of recurrence for stage I, II, and III RCC and LCC was 0.03 vs. 0.03, 0.12 vs. 0.16, and 0.31 vs. 0.24, respectively. The 3-year CI of recurrence for stage I, II, and III RC was 0.08, 0.24, and 0.38. Distant metastases were found in 14, 12, and 16% of patients with RCC, LCC, and RC. Multiple site metastases were found often in patients with RCC, LCC, and RC (42 vs. 32 vs. 28%). Risk factors for recurrence in stage I–II CRC were age 65–74 years, pT4 tumor size, and poor tumor differentiation whereas in stage III CRC, these were ASA III, pT4 tumor size, N2, and poor tumor differentiation.

Conclusions
Recurrence rates in recently treated patients with CRC were lower than reported in the literature and the metastatic pattern and recurrence risks varied between anatomical sublocations.
Ankle fractures involving the posterior malleolus: patient characteristics and 7-year results in 100 cases
Authors: Neumann Annika Pauline , Rammelt Stefan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction
The presence of a posterior malleolar (PM) fragment has a negative prognostic impact in ankle fractures. The best treatment is still subject to debate. The aim of this study was to assess the medium-to-long-term clinical and functional outcome of ankle fractures with a PM fragment in a larger patient population.

Materials and methods
One hundred patients (69 women, 31 men, average age 60 years) with ankle fractures including the PM were evaluated clinically and radiographically. Patients with Bartoníček–Rammelt type 3 and 4 fracture displayed a significant female preponderance. Fixation of the PM was performed in 63% and tailored to the individual fracture pattern.

Results
Internal fixation of the PM fragment was negatively correlated with the need for syndesmotic screw placement at the time of surgery (p = 0.010). At an average follow-up of 7.0 years, the mean Foot Function Index (FFI) was 16.5 (SD: 21.5), the Olerud Molander Ankle Score (OMAS) averaged 80.2 (SD: 24) and the American Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle/hindfoot score averaged 87.5 (SD: 19.1). The maximum score of 100 was achieved by 44% of patients. The physical (PCS) and mental health component summary (MCS) scores of the SF-36 averaged 47.7 (SD: 12.51) and 50.5 (SD: 9.36), respectively. Range of motion was within 3.4 (SD: 6.63) degrees of the uninjured side. The size of the PM fragment had no prognostic value. There was a trend to lower outcome scores with slight anterior or posterior shift of the distal fibula within the tibial incisura. Patients who underwent primary internal fixation had significantly superior SF-36 MCS than patients who underwent staged internal fixation (p = 0.031).

Conclusions
With an individualized treatment protocol, tailored to the CT-based assessment of PM fractures, favorable medium and long-term results can be expected.
Profiling of microRNAs in actinic keratosis and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Dańczak-Pazdrowska Aleksandra , Pazdrowski Jakub , Polańska Adriana , Basta Brittany , Schneider Augusto , Kowalczyk Michał J. , Golusiński Paweł , Golusiński Wojciech , Adamski Zygmunt , Żaba Ryszard , Masternak Michal M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractActinic keratosis (AK) is a common skin lesion often defined as premalignant with more evidence indicating it as early stage of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). The AK may remain stable, transform towards incisive cSCC or in some cases revert spontaneously. Several different underlying conditions can increase risk of cSCC, however, advanced age represents major risk of AK and its progression towards cSCC indicating increased risk during chronological aging. Importantly, AK and cSCC are characterized by similar genetic profile, which lead researchers to search for novel biomarkers allowing early detection. As skin sampling is often invasive and causes scaring, in the current study, we investigated a novel approach to establish potential blood circulating genetic markers in patients diagnosed with AK and cSCC. Based on clinical diagnosis and dermoscopy, we recruited 13 patients with AK (divided into two groups: the first included patients with no more than three lesions, the second group included patients with at least ten lesions) and two additional individuals diagnosed with cSCC. Deep sequencing analysis of serum circulating miRNAs detected a total of 68 expressed miRNAs. Further analysis indicated 2 regulated miRNAs for AK cohort and 12 miRNAs for cSCC patients, while there were 26 miRNAs differentially regulated between cSCC and AK patients. There was also one commonly regulated miRNA between AK and cSCC patients and ten miRNAs that were regulated in cSCC when compared with both control and AK patients. We did not observe any differences between the AK groups. In conclusion, our analysis detected in circulation some miRNA that were previously recognized as important in AK, cSCC, and other type of skin cancer supporting this approach as potential non-invasive diagnosis of AK and cSCC.
COVID-19 serology in nephrology healthcare workers
Authors: Reiter Thomas , Pajenda Sahra , Wagner Ludwig , Gaggl Martina , Atamaniuk Johanna , Holzer Barbara , Zimpernik Irene , Gerges Daniela , Mayer Katharina , Aigner Christof , Straßl Robert , Jansen-Skoupy Sonja , Födinger Manuela , Sunder-Plassmann Gere , Schmidt Alice 
Published: April 2021

Summary
Background
Chronic kidney disease patients show a high mortality in cases of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV‑2) infection. Thus, information on the sero-status of nephrology personnel might be crucial for patient protection; however, limited information exists about the presence of SARS-CoV‑2 antibodies in asymptomatic individuals.

Methods
We examined the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV‑2 IgG and IgM antibodies among healthcare workers of a tertiary care kidney center during the the first peak phase of the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis in Austria using an orthogonal test strategy and a total of 12 commercial nucleocapsid protein or spike glycoprotein-based assays as well as Western blotting and a neutralization assay.

Results
At baseline 60 of 235 study participants (25.5%, 95% confidence interval, CI 20.4–31.5%) were judged to be borderline positive or positive for IgM or IgG using a high sensitivity/low specificity threshold in one test system. Follow-up analysis after about 2 weeks revealed IgG positivity in 12 (5.1%, 95% CI: 2.9–8.8%) and IgM positivity in 6 (2.6%, 95% CI: 1.1–5.6) in at least one assay. Of the healthcare workers 2.1% (95% CI: 0.8–5.0%) showed IgG nucleocapsid antibodies in at least 2 assays. By contrast, positive controls with proven COVID-19 showed antibody positivity among almost all test systems. Moreover, serum samples obtained from healthcare workers did not show SARS-CoV‑2 neutralizing capacity, in contrast to positive controls.

Conclusion
Using a broad spectrum of antibody tests the present study revealed inconsistent results for SARS-CoV‑2 seroprevalence among asymptomatic individuals, while this was not the case among COVID-19 patients.

Trial registration number
CONEC, ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT04347694
Recurrent anti-NMDAR encephalitis during pregnancy combined with two antibodies positive
Authors: Liu Hong , Chen Xiu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAnti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is an autoimmune synaptic encephalitis likely mediated by neuronal surface antibody. Clinically, it is characterized by a variety of neurological and psychiatric symptoms, predominantly affecting young women. Recurrent anti-NMDAR cases combined with double-antibody positive during pregnancy have not been reported. We report a 19-year-old pregnant woman with recurrent anti-NMDAR encephalitis and double-antibody positive. Through our case report and a review of the literature, we hope to heighten an awareness of anti-NMDAR encephalitis, particularly in a pregnant setting.
Short-term results of the combined application of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser and erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser in the treatment of periodontal disease: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Laky Markus , Müller Maximilian , Laky Brenda , Arslan Muazzez , Wehner Christian , Husejnagic Selma , Lettner Stefan , Moritz Andreas , Rausch-Fan Xiaohui 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Nd:YAG and Er:YAG lasers have been previously used as an adjunct in periodontal therapy. The aim of this single-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy of a combined application of Nd:YAG and Er:YAG laser irradiation in periodontal treatment.

Materials and methods
Twenty-two patients with at least one site of ≥ 6 mm periodontal probing depth (PPD) after mechanical debridement with curettes and sonic instruments at periodontal reevaluation were included in the study. Patients were randomly allocated at a 1:1 ratio to either a combined Nd:YAG/Er:YAG laser therapy (test group) or a “turned off” laser therapy (control group). The Nd:YAG laser was used for periodontal pocket deepithelialization and to stabilize the resulting blood clot. The Er:YAG laser was primarily used for root surface modification. PPD (mm), clinical attachment level (CAL, mm), and bleeding on probing (BOP, +/−) at the site of laser treatment were evaluated at baseline and 2 months after treatment.

Results
The mean improvements from baseline to 2-month follow-up for PPD were significantly better in the laser group (2.05 ± 0.82 mm) compared to the control group (0.64 ± 0.90 mm; p = 0.001). Likewise, the gain in CAL was significantly better in the laser group (1.50 ± 1.10 mm) than in the control group (0.55 ± 1.01mm; p = 0.046).

Conclusions
The combined application of Nd:YAG and Er:YAG laser irradiation as an adjunct to conventional non-surgical therapy showed a significant beneficial effect on periodontal treatment results.

Clinical relevance
Combined Nd:YAG and Er:YAG laser irradiation could be a useful procedure additionally to conventional non-surgical periodontal therapy to improve periodontal treatment results.

Clinical trial registration
ISRCTN registry #ISRCTN32132076