bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
que são conceitos? A natureza e a existência de entidades abstratas de um ponto de vista materialista
Authors: Botti Ian 
Published: January 2021

Este artigo aborda o problema da existência de objetos abstratos. O que são objetos tais como números? Eles existem, de fato? Uma terceira questão que surge a partir da lógica moderna é sobre a relação entre quantificação e existência. São apresentadas duas teorias historicamente importantes sobre a ontologia de objetos abstratos e o status ontológico do quantificador, a saber, a concepção quantificacional de existência predominante na filosofia analítica do século 20, e o meinongianismo, a qual ela pretendia responder. Em seguida, apresento as críticas de Branquinho (2015) as duas teorias, bem como o resultado da avaliação de ambas. Por fim, a concepção ficcionista de Mario Bunge (1981; 2010a; 2010b) é proposta como uma alternativa plausível, que concilia aspectos das teorias quantificacional e meinongiana que sobrevivem à crítica de Branquinho com uma visão de mundo materialista e informada pela ciência.

What are concepts? The nature and existence of abstract entities from a materialist point of view
Abstract: This article deals with the problem of the existence of abstract objects. What are objects such as numbers? Do they actually exist? A third question that arises from modern logic is about the relation between quantification and existence. Two historically important theories concerning the ontology of abstract objects and the ontological status of the quantifier are presented: first, the quantificational conception of existence, that was predominant in twentieth century analytical philosophy; second, the Meinongian conception, that analytical philosophers stood against. Then, Branquinho’s critical evaluation of both theories is presented, as well as the upshot of it (BRANQUINHO, 2015). Finally, Mario Bunge’s ficcionist conception is proposed as a plausible alternative, which conciliates the aspects of both already mentioned theories that survive Branquinho’s critique with a materialistic and scientifically informed worldview (1981; 2010a; 2010b).
Interventricular Septal Rupture in a 62-Year-Old Man With Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy
Authors: Pidello Stefano , Simonato Erika , Orzan Fulvio , Frea Simone , Barreca Antonella , Rinaldi Mauro , Boffini Massimo 
Published: January 2021

Cardiac involvement in familial amyloid polyneuropathy consists of arrhythmias, conduction disturbances, and heart failure. To our knowledge, heart rupture has never been described in association with this condition.
We report the case of a 62-year-old man with a 6-year history of refractory familial amyloid polyneuropathy who underwent liver transplantation. The operation was complicated by severe hypotension because the neuropathy involved the autonomic system. Perioperatively, the patient had a myocardial infarction, and during the next 10 days, a complete interventricular septal rupture developed, resulting in a systemic-to-pulmonary shunt. Coronary angiographic findings were normal. However, the shunt caused unstable hemodynamics, resulting in cardiogenic shock. An attempt to close the rupture percutaneously failed. The patient underwent successful heart transplantation 50 days later.
Macroscopic examination of the explanted heart showed thickening of both ventricles, septal rupture, and a gray scar in the interventricular septum around the cavity. Histopathologic examination revealed intramural amyloid angiopathy.
Our case shows that heart rupture can occur in patients with familial amyloid polyneuropathy who have no history of obstructive coronary artery disease, perhaps as a result of tissue fragility caused by amyloid angiopathy. Therefore, autonomic disturbances should be regarded with concern and promptly treated in the perioperative period.
Predicting Quality of Clinical Performance From Cardiology Fellowship Applications
Authors: Cullen Michael W. , Beckman Thomas J. , Baldwin Kristine M. , Engstler Gregory J. , Mandrekar Jay , Scott Christopher G. , Klarich Kyle W. 
Published: January 2021

Variables in cardiology fellowship applications have not been objectively analyzed against applicants' subsequent clinical performance. We investigated possible correlations in a retrospective cohort study of 65 cardiology fellows at the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, Minn) who began 2 years of clinical training from July 2007 through July 2013. Application variables included the strength of comparative statements in recommendation letters and the authors' academic ranks, membership status in the Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society, awards earned, volunteer activities, United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) scores, advanced degrees, publications, and completion of a residency program ranked in the top 6 in the United States. The outcome was clinical performance as measured by a mean of faculty evaluation scores during clinical training.
The overall mean evaluation score was 4.07 ± 0.18 (scale, 1–5). After multivariable analysis, evaluation scores were associated with Alpha Omega Alpha designation (β=0.13; 95% CI, 0.01–0.25; P=0.03), residency program reputation (β=0.13; 95% CI, 0.05–0.21; P=0.004), and strength of comparative statements in recommendation letters (β=0.08; 95% CI, 0.01–0.15; P=0.02), particularly in letters from residency program directors (β=0.05; 95% CI, 0.01–0.08; P=0.009).
Objective factors to consider in the cardiology fellowship application include Alpha Omega Alpha membership, residency program reputation, and comparative statements from residency program directors.
Effect of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy on Heart Transplant Status in 4 Patients with Left Ventricular Assist Devices
Authors: Ryan Christopher T. , Santiago Adriana , Tariq Nabil , Lamba Harveen K. 
Published: January 2021

Bariatric surgery helps many morbidly obese patients lose substantial weight. However, few data exist on its long-term safety and effectiveness in patients who also have continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices and in whom heart transplantation is contemplated. We retrospectively identified patients at our institution who had undergone ventricular assist device implantation and subsequent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy from June 2015 through September 2017, and we evaluated their baseline demographic data, preoperative characteristics, and postoperative outcomes.
Four patients (3 men), ranging in age from 32 to 44 years and in body mass index from 40 to 57, underwent sleeve gastrectomy from 858 to 1,849 days after left ventricular assist device implantation to treat nonischemic cardiomyopathy. All had multiple comorbidities.
At a median follow-up duration of 42 months (range, 24–47 mo), median body mass index decreased to 31.9 (range, 28.3–44.3) at maximal weight loss, with a median percentage of excess body mass index lost of 72.5% (range, 38.7%–87.4%). After achieving target weight, one patient was listed for heart transplantation, another awaited listing, one was kept on destination therapy because of positive drug screens, and one regained weight and remained ineligible.
On long-term follow-up, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy appears to be safe and feasible for morbidly obese patients with ventricular assist devices who must lose weight for transplantation consideration. Additional studies are warranted to evaluate this weight-loss strategy after transplantation and immunosuppression.
A Narrative Review of Limb Dominance: Task Specificity and the Importance of Fitness Testing
Authors: Virgile Adam , Bishop Chris 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Virgile, A and Bishop, C. A narrative review of limb dominance: Task specificity and the importance of fitness testing. J Strength Cond Res 35(3): 846–858, 2021—Preferential limb function must be sustained through repetitious asymmetrical activities for continuous athletic development and, ultimately, optimal athletic performance. As such, the prevalence of limb dominance and between-limb differences is common in athletes. Severe between-limb differences have been associated with reductions in athletic performance and increased injury risk in athletes. However, in the current literature, the terms limb preference and limb dominance have been used interchangeably. Together, these terms include a limb that is subjectively preferred and one that is objectively dominant in 1 or more performance measures from a variety of athletic tasks. In this review, we (a) discuss reported correspondence between task-specific limb preference and limb dominance outcomes in athletes, (b) provide greater context and distinction between the terms limb preference and limb dominance, and (c) offer pragmatic strategies for practitioners to assess context-specific limb dominance. A limb that is subjectively preferred is not necessarily objectively dominant in 1 or more athletic qualities or sport-specific tasks. Further to this, a limb that is objectively superior in 1 task may not exhibit such superiority in a separate task. Thus, limb preference and limb dominance are both task-specific. As such, we propose that practitioners intentionally select tasks for limb dominance assessment which resemble the most relevant demands of sport. Because limb dominance profiles are inconsistent, we suggest that practitioners increase assessment frequency by integrating limb dominance testing into standard training activities. This will allow practitioners to better understand when changes reflect sport-specific adaptation vs. potential performance or injury ramifications.
Efficacy of Rest Redistribution During Squats: Considerations for Strength and Sex
Authors: Boffey David , Clark Nicolas W. , Fukuda David H. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Boffey, D, Clark, NW, and Fukuda, DH. Efficacy of rest redistribution during squats: Considerations for strength and sex. J Strength Cond Res 35(3): 586–595, 2021—This study examined the kinematic, perceptual, and heart rate responses to rest redistribution (RR) and traditional sets (TS) during the barbell back squat for men and women possessing a wide range of strength levels. Forty-five resistance-trained subjects (30 men and 15 women) performed 40 repetitions of the barbell squat with 65% 1RM load with TS (4 × 10 repetitions, 3-minute rest) or RR (10 × 4 repetitions, 1-minute rest), in a randomized order on days separated by ≥72 hours. The significance was set at p ≤ 0.05 for all statistical analyses. The mean velocity (MV) maintenance was significantly higher for RR compared with TS (87.70 ± 4.50% vs. 84.07 ± 4.48%, respectively; p < 0.01, d = 0.35). Rating of perceived exertion (active muscles) was significantly lower for RR compared with TS (5.38 ± 1.42 vs. 6.08 ± 1.43, respectively; p = 0.02, d = −0.35). Rating of perceived exertion (overall) was also significantly lower for RR compared with TS (5.60 ± 1.40 vs. 6.48 ± 1.49, respectively; p = 0.02, d = −0.37). The relative strength ratio (relative strength ratio; squat 1RM: body mass) was significantly correlated with the difference in MV maintenance between RR and TS (r = −0.34, p = 0.02). No sex-based differences (p > 0.05) were found for any dependent variables. Rest redistribution produced significantly higher mean HR (143.25 ± 21.11 vs. 135.05 ± 20.74, p < 0.01) and minimum HR (102.77 ± 19.58 vs. 95.97 ± 22.17, p < 0.01). Subjects were better able to maintain velocity with RR compared with TS, while experiencing less perceived effort. Rest redistribution can be recommended for both men and women, but very strong individuals may not improve their velocity maintenance with RR to the same extent as less strong individuals.
Development and Validation of a Dynamically Updated Prediction Model for Attrition From Marine Recruit Training
Authors: Dijksma Iris , Hof Michel H.P. , Lucas Cees , Stuiver Martijn M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Dijksma, I, Hof, MHP, Lucas, C, and Stuiver, MM. Development and validation of a dynamically updated prediction model for attrition from Marine recruit training. J Strength Cond Res 36(9): 2523–2529, 2022—Whether fresh Marine recruits thrive and complete military training programs, or fail to complete, is dependent on numerous interwoven variables. This study aimed to derive a prediction model for dynamically updated estimation of conditional dropout probabilities for Marine recruit training. We undertook a landmarking analysis in a Cox proportional hazard model using longitudinal data from 744 recruits from existing databases of the Marine Training Center in the Netherlands. The model provides personalized estimates of dropout from Marine recruit training given a recruit's baseline characteristics and time-varying mental and physical health status, using 21 predictors. We defined nonoverlapping landmarks at each week and developed a supermodel by stacking the landmark data sets. The final supermodel contained all but one a priori selected baseline variables and time-varying health status to predict the hazard of attrition from Marine recruit training for each landmark as comprehensive as possible. The discriminative ability (c-index) of the prediction model was 0.78, 0.75, and 0.73 in week one, week 4 and week 12, respectively. We used 10-fold cross-validation to train and evaluate the model. We conclude that this prediction model may help to identify recruits at an increased risk of attrition from training throughout the Marine recruit training and warrants further validation and updates for other military settings.
Lower-Body Aquatic Training Prescription for Athletes
Authors: Holmberg Patrick M. , Gorman Adam D. , Jenkins David G. , Kelly Vincent G. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Holmberg, PM, Gorman, AD, Jenkins, DG, and Kelly, VG. Lower-body aquatic training prescription for athletes. J Strength Cond Res 35(3): 859–869, 2021—Traditionally prescribed to manage various medical ailments and promote healing, aquatic immersion may provide a favorable environment to undertake preparatory training tasks given its profound biological effects that extend across most homeostatic systems. In addition to understanding these effects, which are related to the fundamental principles of hydrodynamics, there is a need to consider the acute physiomechanical responses to alterations of key constraints associated with particular preparatory tasks. Evidence suggests that the manipulation of different constraints during aquatic training can enable a unique setting to complement, supplement, or supplant land-based programming to maintain or improve physical capacities in athletes without exacerbating physiological stress. Thus, this article focuses on the interplay of constraints and their associated outcomes to provide information that can be used to program lower-body aquatic training for athletes. In addition, the aim of the article is to summarize the literature on aquatic training to highlight the outcomes that occur when certain constraints are manipulated.
Home-Based Kettlebell Exercise and Coronavirus Outbreak: Practical Suggestions
Authors: Zimerer Carla , Pereira Alves Sabrina , Rufo-Tavares Weverton , Carletti Luciana , Andre Barbosa de Lira Claudio , Andrade Marília S. , Viana Ricardo B. , Gentil Paulo , Vancini Rodrigo L. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The coronavirus pandemic and the adopted social isolation to contain the virus spread led to several negative consequences including the decrease in the population's physical activity levels and increased physical inactivity and sedentary behavior. Home-based physical exercise assumes fundamental importance to maintain physical activity and fitness levels. Among the various exercise possibilities of home-based exercise, the kettlebell exercise can be a useful and low-cost tool. The kettlebell is a round-shaped steel or cast-iron weight, commonly described as resembling a cannonball with a handle whose dimensions increase with weight that varies from 2 to 92 kg. Kettlebell exercise offers an opportunity to train multiple muscles through functional exercises that could be performed at home to improve and maintain health-related physical fitness (e.g., cardiorespiratory capacity, muscle strength, and body composition) and mental health. In addition, kettlebell exercise (with a progressive increase in training overload) could be an alternative of home-based exercise program for the general population during pandemic outbreaks.
Apparatus for Coupled Effects of Suction, Temperature, and Stress on Thermal Conductivity of Unsaturated Sand
Authors: Yao Jun , Özocak Aşkın , Wang Tengfei , Likos William J. , Edil Tuncer B. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A suction-controlled thermo-mechanical apparatus was developed to measure thermal conductivity of unsaturated sand at different temperatures (5°C to 75°C) and isotropic net normal stresses (35 to 400 kPa). Coupled effects of temperature and stress level on thermal conductivity of unsaturated sand are investigated. Increases in confining stress cause an increase in thermal conductivity of the sand and are hysteretic with loading direction. Thermal conductivity increases appreciably as stress and temperature increase at intermediate degrees of saturation (S ∼ 0.3 to 0.75). Maximum thermal conductivity occurs at 75.5°C and 400 kPa when S = 0.54 where the value of thermal conductivity is about twice that at 5°C and 35 kPa. The results indicate that the apparatus has the capability to effectively measure thermal response of near-surface sand under ranges of naturally occurring changes in temperature, stress, and moisture content.
Studies on the Spatial Location Method of Corrosion Defect in Bridge Cable Considering Self-Magnetic Flux Leakage Effect
Authors: Xia Runchuan , Zhang Hong , Zhou Jianting , Liao Leng , Di Haibo , Zhang Zeyu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
To detect the hidden defects of ferromagnetic components, it is crucial to first locate the position of defects. In this paper, the three-dimensional magnetic dipole model of a solid columnar structure with a sector cube defect was built to theoretically explain the self-magnetic flux leakage effect of the bridge-stayed cable. The uniform or linear distribution of charge density on specific defect planes was considered in the model. Then, an experimental study on the defective steel strand cable specimens under different corrosion degrees was carried out. The results show that the corrosion accelerates the variation of magnetic signal Bz near the corrosion region, and the phenomenon is consistent with the theoretical model. Moreover, the relationship between the normalized signal Bznor and the corrosion factor αφ reveals the influence of the corrosion defect on the magnetic signal intensity in different detection positions, demonstrating the three-order polynomial growth trend. Combined with the axial and the circumferential scanning, the spatial location method of the corrosion defect was proposed for the detection of the bridge-stayed cable.
Arginine Vasopressin-Containing Neurons of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Project to CSF
Authors: Taub Alana , Carbajal Yvette , Rimu Kania , Holt Rebecca , Yao Yifan , Hernandez Amanda L. , LeSauter Joseph , Silver Rae 
Published: January 2021

While it is well established that there are robust circadian rhythms of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), the route whereby the peptide reaches the CSF is not clear.A, AVP neurons constitute the largest fraction of the SCN neuronal population. Here, we show that processes of AVP-expressing SCN neurons cross the epithelium of the 3rd ventricular wall to reach the CSF (black arrows). Additionally, we report rostro-caudal differences in AVP neuron size and demonstrate that the localization of cells expressing the clock protein PER2 extend beyond the AVP population, thereby indicating that the size of this nucleus is somewhat larger than previously understood.B, Following lateral ventricle (LV) injection of cholera toxin β subunit (CTβ ; magenta) the retrograde tracer is seen in AVP neurons of the SCN, supporting the anatomical evidence that AVP neuronal processes directly contact the CSF.Arginine vasopressin (AVP) expressing neurons form the major population in the brain’s circadian clock located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). They participate in inter-neuronal coupling and provide an output signal for synchronizing daily rhythms. AVP is present at high concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and fluctuates on a circadian timescale. While it is assumed that rhythms in CSF AVP are of SCN origin, a route of communication between these compartments has not been delineated. Using immunochemistry (ICC) and cell filling techniques, we determine the morphology and location of AVP neurons in mouse and delineate their axonal and dendritic processes. Cholera toxin β subunit (CTβ) tracer injected into the lateral ventricle tests whether AVP neurons communicate with CSF. Most importantly, the results indicate that AVP neurons lie in close proximity to the third ventricle, and their processes cross the ventricular wall into the CSF. We also report that contrary to widely held assumptions, AVP neurons do not fully delineate the SCN borders as PER2 expression extends beyond the AVP region. Also, AVP neurons form a rostral prong originating in the SCN medial-most and ventral-most aspect. AVP is lacking in the mid-dorsal shell but does occur at the base of the SCN just above the optic tract. Finally, neurons of the rostral SCN are smaller than those lying caudally. These findings extend our understanding of AVP signaling potential, demonstrate the heterogeneity of AVP neurons, and highlight limits in using this peptide to delineate the mouse SCN.