bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Content and Quality of Publicly Available Information About Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: Descriptive Study
Authors: Soltys Frank Coyle , Spilo Kimi , Politi Mary C 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundCongenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) diagnosis in an infant is distressing for parents. Parents often feel unable to absorb the complexities of CDH during prenatal consultations and use the internet to supplement their knowledge and decision making.ObjectiveWe aimed to examine the content and quality of publicly available, internet-based CDH information.MethodsWe conducted internet searches across 2 popular search engines (Google and Bing). Websites were included if they contained CDH information and were publicly available. We developed a coding instrument to evaluate websites. Two coders (FS and KS) were trained, achieved interrater reliability, and rated remaining websites independently. Descriptive statistics were performed.ResultsSearches yielded 520 websites; 91 met inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Most websites provided basic CDH information including describing the defect (86/91, 95%), need for neonatal intensive care (77/91, 85%), and surgical correction (79/91, 87%). Few mentioned palliative care, decisions about pregnancy termination (13/91, 14%), or support resources (21/91, 23%).ConclusionsFindings highlight the variability of information about CDH on the internet. Clinicians should work to develop or identify reliable, comprehensive information about CDH to support parents.
Clinical and anamnestic characteristics and risk factors in patients with acute pulmonary embolism among residents of Kharkiv
Authors: Tseluyko V.Y. , Yakovleva L.M. , Sukhova S.M. , Kinoshenko K.Yu. , Radchenko O.V. , Vnukova A.S. 
Published: July 2021

Background. The purpose was the analysis of the features of the course and the leading factors in the development of pulmonary embolism. Materials and methods. During the period from November 1, 2019, to December 2020, inclusive, 188 patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE), aged 46 to 80 years old, were hospitalized at the City Clinical Hospital 8 of the Kharkiv City Council; the average age was 62.9 ± 16.7 years. In-hospital mortality was 12.2 % (23 patients). The criterion for inclusion in the study was acute PE, which was diagnosed based on the results of multislice computed tomographic angiography of the pulmonary arteries (MCT angiography of the pulmonary arteries). All patients underwent a general clinical examination, the risk and prognosis were assessed based on the generally accepted scales, standard transthoracic echocardiography (EchoCG), and Doppler ultrasound examination of the veins of the lower extremities were performed. Results. The disease was diagnosed with the same frequency in men and women; there was no difference in age. Among the most significant and important risk factors for the development of pulmonary embolism are the history of venous thrombosis/embolism and active malignant oncological disease (43 and 35 %, respectively), while the less significant ones were advanced age, varicose veins of the lower extremities and arterial hypertension 47.9, 31.4 and 52.1 %, respectively. The vast majority (57.4 %) had a combination of 2 or more risk factors. Signs of right ventricular dysfunction according to MCT angiography of the pulmonary arteries and/or echocardiography were recorded in 45.7 % of patients. A high and medium-high risk of early death associated with acute PE was found in a significant percentage (71.8 %) of patients, which required the inclusion of a thrombolytic agent in the treatment strategy.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE STRATEGIES USED IN TRANSLATING IDIOMS IN INDONESIA INTO ENGLISH FOUND IN INDONESIAN LEGENDS
Authors: Wicaksono Donny Bhaskara , Wahyuni Erly 
Published: July 2021

In this global era, due to the growth of science, information, technology, and other people needs, translation becomes necessary in rendering information between languages. However, the process of translating is not as simple as switching the meaning of word for word based on the literal context.Idioms are one of the most problematical components of language. Idioms cannot be easily translated because of their unpredictable meaning and grammar. The purpose of this study is to find out; (1) the idiomatic expressions which are found in Indonesian Legends, (2) the meaning of the idiomatic expressions found in Indonesian Legends, and (3) the various strategies which are used in translating idioms in Indonesia into English found in Indonesian Legends.The descriptive qualitative research design, in the form of document analysis, was employed in this study. The instruments to collect the data were documents and expert opinion. Moreover, the documents consisted of the Bahasa Indonesia (Source Text) and English (Target Text) translation versions of five Indonesian Legends, namely; Batu Kuwung, Batu Menangis, Gunung Merapi, Tangkuban Perahu and Candi Prambanan. This study revealed that idiomatic expression translation strategy by paraphrasingwas the most dominant strategy used by the translator in translating the idiomatic expressions found in five Indonesian Legends (eleven out of eighteen cases). Meanwhile, the second most common strategy was translating by omission (six out of eighteen cases). The last was the strategy of using an idiom of similar meaning and form which only one out of eighteen cases. Thus, it can be concluded that the translator only applied three strategies out of the main five strategies of translating idiomatic expression suggested by Baker.
PROMOTING LESSON STUDY AT ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES (ESP): TEACHER’S BEST PRACTICE CONTEXT
Authors: Masyhud Masyhud 
Published: July 2021

English for Specific Purposes (ESP) is an exciting movement in language education. It widens the opportunities for English teachers and researchers to explore the curriculum, course planning and implementation of ESP education. However, there are several problems in teaching ESP. one of the most problems is students’ engagement in the class because they felt learning English unrelated to their major. Therefore, this research concerns to investigate the implementation of Lesson Study in Teaching English for Specific Purposes (ESP) to sharpen the students’ critical thinking. Lesson Study has been a precious motion for recent decades, principally for the sake of teachers’ professional development and students’ critical thinking. This research involved 5 ESP teachers. They acquired equal chance to be a teacher model and observer in the LS process. This research conducted in 2 cycles with three phases; Plan, Do, and See. This research employed observation and document analysis as the tools to collect the data. This Lesson study was implemented into two stages, planning and implementation. However, it can encourage the students to participate actively along the learning process because cycle 1 can provide student’s participation 90% and in cycle 2, 95% of students involved in the learning process.
JAVANESE LANGUAGE INTERFERENCE IN THE PRONUNCIATION OF ENGLISH PHONEMES
Authors: Wardani Niasisca Agustia , Suwartono Tono 
Published: July 2021

The objective of this research was to investigate the difficulties encountered by Javanese learners inpronouncing the English phonemes and identify factors affecting their pronunciation of the phonemesin the Department of English Language Teaching of Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto (UMP). The researcher used survey as the research method. The population in this research was 6th and 8th semester students who had already passed pronunciation and phonetics subject. While the samples are those who had Javanese background. The data was collected through pronunciation test in a form of audio recording and interview. The major findings of this research are 1) the researcher found that the Javanese learners of English encountered difficulties in pronouncing 13 consonant sounds /ʒ, v, θ, ð, z, ʃ, f, g, k, d, ʧ, ɳ, j/ and 17 vowel sounds /æ, ɛə, i:, eɪ, aʊ, ə:, ɔ:, u:, ɒ, ɪə, əʊ, ʊ, ɑ:, ɪ, ʊə, ɔɪ, aɪ/. While the rest, 14 English sounds /p, b, t, s, h, ʤ, m, n, l, r, w, ʌ, ə, ɛ/ were clearly pronounced by the Javanese learners of English. 2) There are four factors influencing Javanese in learning English pronunciation, among others are; age, first language, exposure, and motivation.
GRAMMATICAL ERRORS IN STUDENTS’ APPLICATION LETTERS: A CASE STUDY AT IPB INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Nova Muhamad , Koerniawaty Francisca Titing 
Published: July 2021

In the professional sector, both spoken and written English communications become essential skills to be mastered by vocational students. However, as a non-native speaker, errors in writing are still faced as an obstacle for the students in applying their English capability. This research aimed at identifying the grammatical errors occurring in vocational students’ writing to overcome the error fossilization. The study was conducted in one vocational school in Denpasar, with a total of 45 students purposively selected. The study used a qualitative approach with a case study design. The data were gained by evaluating the students’ writing through an automated writing evaluation program and the type of writing evaluated in the study was application letter. Then, the data were analyzed through three phases; data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. As the result, there were 268 grammatical errors found in the students’ application letters. From their classifications, these errors were categorized into 17 types, with missing an article, misspelling, capitalization, incorrect number agreement, and incorrect preposition as the highest frequency of errors found. Keywords: Application Letter, Grammatical Errors, Vocational Education
Analysis of risk factors associated with complications following mandibulectomy and maxillectomy in dogs
Authors: Cray Megan , Selmic Laura E. , Kindra Cameron , Abrams Brittany , Story Ashton , Hovis Kaitlan , Wustefeld-Janssens Brandan , Park Karen , Grimes Janet A. , Oblak Michelle , Chen Carolyn , Casale Sue , Rollins Amanda , Kennedy Katie , Wilson Jordan , Culp William T. N. , Wavreille Vincent A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To provide information about complication rates and the risk factors for complications with mandibulectomy and maxillectomy procedures in dogs.

ANIMALS
459 client-owned dogs that underwent a mandibulectomy or maxillectomy between January 1, 2007, and January 1, 2018.

PROCEDURES
Inclusion criteria included a complete medical record that contained an anesthesia record, surgical report, available histopathology results, and results of CBC and serum biochemical analysis before surgery. A minimum follow-up of 90 days after surgery was required.

RESULTS
271 complications occurred in 171 of 459 (37.3%) dogs. Eighteen complications were not given a severity description. Of the remaining 253 complications, most were considered minor (157/253 [62.1%]). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that only increased surgical time had a significant (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.54) association with the occurrence of ≥ 1 complication. For each additional hour of surgery, the odds of complications increased by 36%. Preoperative radiation therapy or chemotherapy increased the odds of incisional dehiscence or oral fistula formation (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.3 to 7.2). Additionally, undergoing maxillectomy, compared with mandibulectomy, increased the odds of incisional dehiscence or oral fistula formation (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.1). Two hundred forty-four of 271 (90.0%) complications occurred in the perioperative period (0 to 3 months after surgery).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Compared with mandibulectomy, performing maxillectomy increased the risk for incisional dehiscence or oral fistula formation. Mandibulectomy and maxillectomy had a moderate risk for a complication.
Formulation and Evaluation of Sustained Release Ibuprofen Matrix Tablets Using Starch from Maize Genotypes as Polymer
Authors: Bakre Lateef Gbenga , Akinyele Emmanuel , Bamiro Oluyemisi , Adeleye Olutayo , Kunle Olobayo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective: Maize plants have been genetically engineered to produce genotypes with agriculturally desirable traits such as high starch content, pest resistance and increased nutritional value. Maize starch has been widely used as an excipient in pharmaceutical formulations. This study aims to produce sustained release ibuprofen tablets using starch obtained from different maize genotypes as polymers. Methods: Ibuprofen matrix tablets were prepared with the starches isolated from the maize genotypes and the unmodified plant. The mechanical properties of the tablets were evaluated using the crushing strength (CS), friability (FR) and CSFR. A 32 factorial design was applied using the time taken for 50 % (T50) and 90 % (T90) drug release as dependent variables while the polymer-drug ratio and polymer types were the independent variables. Results: The CSFR was significantly higher (p<0.05) in tablets formulated with the starches obtained from the modified cultivars. Drug release for all the formulations fitted the Higuchi model while the mechanism of release was generally by super case transport. The polymer-drug ratio and polymer type strongly interacted to increase the dissolution times (T50 and T90) and CSFR. Starches isolated from the genetically modified cultivars provided a more sustained release of ibuprofen from the tablet matrix through erosion and polymer relaxation. Conclusion: The results indicate that the genetic modification of maize can quantitatively affect the drug release modifying effects of maize starch in drug formulation.
The Importance of Leadership Development and Self-Development within the Organization
Authors: Zisu Mihai Adrian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Leadership being a process of social influence, it is imperative to train true leaders, emotionally intelligent, able to motivate and mobilize people in the organizations they lead, in order to achieve beneficial results for all parties involved: organizations, leaders, disciples. Within the military organization, the military leader must fulfill his mission in theaters of operations, not in the context of the “the end justifies the means”, not by minimizing the human component “ stepping over bodies”, but by exercising effective servant leadership from a multicultural perspective. The leader-subordinate relationship is reciprocal and influences both the performance of the individual and the organizational one. Leadership can be based on a personality trait or can be seen as a behavioral category, being related to motivation, interpersonal behavior and the communication process. Good leadership involves the actual process of delegation, but not before leaders form and train other leaders, as real leadership is exercised “face to face” and trough interaction. The fundamental premise from which we start our approach is that the leader matters, that the people at the top of the hierarchy certainly influence the efficiency of any organization. By setting standards, goals and priorities a leader can bring about changes in daily performance. It can permanently influence the meaning of the evolution of the organization by establishing a strategic vision and formulating long-term objectives.
Theoretical and Practical Aspects Regarding the Cancellation of Abuse Clauses
Authors: Țîrlea Mariana Rodica 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Interest and commissions are important sources of revenue for credit institutions. Among the causes generating abusive clauses are the interest, interest rates and commissions charged to loans to customers by creditors. Theory and practice have shown that these abusive clauses are unlimited. Effective knowledge of abusive clauses is only one of the customer protection measures. Of course, only their knowledge does not completely solve the problem, but will determine the orientation of creditors in finding more subtle abusive clauses. From a multidisciplinary perspective, the Study is structured in two parts: Part I, follows aspects of concrete identification of the types of sources of abusive clauses on a specified case and Part II materializes in the technical-applicative presentation of the methods used to quantify the differences in the amounts paid by the client in addition, generated by the existence of abusive clauses in the credit agreement he concluded with the creditor. The results of the first part confirm: Hypothesis 1, regarding the existence of abusive clauses in the investigated case; Hypothesis 2, regarding the identification of the sources generating abusive clauses that materialize in the interest rate, interest and bank fees; Hypothesis3, referring to the analytical grouping by types of the sources causing abusive clauses.
The Domaša Reservoir in the Spectrum of Climate Change
Authors: Škvarka Juraj , Bednárová Emília , Miščík Marián , Uhorščák Ľubomír 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The importance of water reservoirs in the uneven distribution of discharges over time and space does not need to be explicitly justified. There is a more than 6,000-year history of convincing evidence. In Slovakia, the construction of reservoirs can be dated to two periods. The first period was the 18th century, when the construction of water reservoirs was stimulated by the need for water for the mining industry in the vicinity of the town of Bánska Štiavnica. The second period falls into the second half of the 20th century. The construction of reservoirs was initiated by the post-war period, including the need to increase society’s standard of living, the electrification of the region, the development of industry and agriculture, flood protection, etc. Reservoirs with multi-annual regulations have an essential position in the types of water reservoirs. While small water reservoirs and annual or seasonal regulation can regulate flows in a short period, reservoirs with multi-annual regulation can regulate flows over several years. This benefit is evident, especially during periods of extreme hydrological phenomena and short-term aquatic and long-term dry, so-called low water periods. We have illustrated our knowledge of and experience gained from their impact on the flows downstream of the Veľká Domaša dam. We analyzed two time periods, i.e., before and after the year 2000. The influence of extreme hydrological phenomena on the runoff conditions downstream of the dam is presented by statistical processing of the available flow series
Determination of Subgrade Reaction Coefficients and Spring Stiffnesses for a Combined Pile Raft Foundation (CPRF) by Means of a Cluster Analysis
Authors: Kanizsár Szilárd 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
An analysis of combined piled raft foundations could be performed by means of a special geotechnical finite element software that utilizes 3D modeling and advanced constitutive models for the soil. However, a foundation is generally included in the structural models in a structural design program. The least advanced part of finite element software that has been developed for structural FEM modeling are the tools used for modeling behaviour. A method is required with which the input parameters of the structural design software that are used for modeling the soil structure interaction as well could be determined so that the results calculated by means of a geo-technical software that approximates realistic soil behaviour the best can be reproduced by structural design software as well. The procedure outlined in this paper by means of a cluster analysis provides a tool for a substantial and innovative improvement in subsoil modeling, to which not enough attention is generally paid in the structural FEM software, thereby resulting in a reduced amount of work associated with the task of inputting data.
The Reinforcement of Sand by Fibres with a Non-Uniform Shape
Authors: Koudela Pavel , Chalmovský Juraj , Miča Lumír 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The reinforcement of soil is used to improve its strength and stiffness. The standard method of soil reinforcement is an application of geosynthetics. Soil reinforcement by distributed discrete fibres represents an alternative to those techniques. Currently used fibres have a straight shape, uniform cross-section, and smooth surface, which is not optimal in terms of the fibre-soil interaction. In this study, fibres with a variable shape were utilized. The fibres were fabricated using a fused deposition modelling technology. Firstly, a brief theoretical background is presented. Then, the proposed shapes of the fibres and their manufacturing process are described. The mechanical properties of the soil-fibre composite were investigated through consolidated drained triaxial tests. Well-graded coarse sand and poorly-graded fine sand were used. A higher peak shear strength was observed in the case of fibres with a variable shape. The effect of the variable shape of the fibres on the peak shear strength was higher in the case of the coarse sand.
DINAMIKA PLURALISME PENGGOLONGAN PENDUDUK DALAM CAPAIAN KEADILAN MENGENAI SURAT KETERANGAN WARIS
Authors: Pratama Sukma Putu Angga 
Published: July 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini mengenai capaian keadilan terhadap pluralisme penggolongan penduduk, dan bentuk keadilan dalam surat keterangan waris terhadap pluralisme penggolongan penduduk. Saat ini bangsa Indonesia sangat terstigma dengan adanya penggolongan kependudukan yang tentunya tidak mencerminkan keadilan dan dapat memecah belah persatuan dan perpecahan ini tentunya mengakar dari adanya inkonsistensi norma yang bertentangan dengan keadilan sosial. Penelitian hukum ini tergolong jenis penelitian hukum normatif karena terfokus pada peraturan yang tertulis terkait dengan konflik norma antara UU Kewarganegaraan dengan Permen Agraria Tentang Pendaftaran Tanah serta kekosongan norma mengenai kewenangan pejabat dalam pembuatan atau pengesahan atau penguatan surat keterangan waris. Permen Agraria Tentang Pendaftaran Tanah tentunya harus dikesampingkan berdasarkan asas lex superior derogate legi inferiori, serta kedudukan camat tidak sah dalam penguatan surat keterangan waris. Untuk meluruskan dan menegakan aturan surat keterangan waris diperlukan dua upaya yang tujuannya berdasarkan landasan yuridis sosiologis filosofis dalam mewujudkan kepastian hukum nilai keadilan sosial serta memberikan kemanfaatan dalam pembuktian yang sempurna.
The purpose of this research is about the achievement of justice against pluralism of classification of Indonesian citizens, and the form of justice in a certificate of inheritance against pluralism of classification of Indonesian citizens. Currently the Indonesian nation is very stigmatized by the existence of population classifications which certainly do not reflect justice and can divide unity and divisions, of course, stem from the inconsistency of norms that are contrary to social justice. This legal research is classified as a type of normative legal research because it focuses on written regulations related to the conflict of norms between the Citizenship Law and the Agrarian Ministerial Regulation on Land Registration as well as the vacuum of norms regarding the authority of officials in making or ratifying or strengthening inheritance certificates. The Agrarian Regulation on Land Registration must of course be set aside based on the principle of lex superior derogate legi inferiori, and the position of the camat is not valid in strengthening the certificate of inheritance. To straighten and enforce the rules of the certificate of inheritance, two efforts are needed whose objectives are based on juridical sociological philosophical foundations in realizing legal certainty in the value of social justice and providing benefits in perfect proof.