bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemic Nitric Oxide (NO) Production is Increased in Children with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) Receiving Fortified Supplementary Food
Authors: Marealle Alphonce , Makani Julie , Prentice Andrew , Kamuhabwa Appolinary , Sasi Philip , Minzi Omary , Siervo Mario , Cox Sharon , Wassell Sara 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundLow bioavailable NO is implicated in the pathophysiology of SCD. Within a clinical trial of a daily ready‐to‐use supplementary food (RUSF) fortified with arginine (ARG, 0.2g/kg/d), the substrate of endothelial NO synthase, and citrulline (CITR, 0.1g/kg/d) vs. non fortified RUSF we conducted a nested feasibility study of systemic NO production.MethodsChildren (N=29, 70% male, 9‐11 years) with SCD underwent a modified Oral Nitrate Test (ONT) with reduced fasting time to measure the decay in serial saliva samples of an oral dose of labelled nitrate (Na15NO3) by GC/MS [figure 1] (Siervo et al. 2011). Both groups received intervention for 12 weeks before the ONT and a further 5 weeks before plasma amino acids (Biochrom 30) and NO mediated endothelial function were assessed by flow mediated dilatation (FMDmax). Data were analysed using Wilcoxan ranksum or signrank tests.imageResultsThe intervention groups were similar for age and weight. NO production (µmol/kg/hr) was not associated with age or sex. Results by intervention group and for both intervention groups combined are presented in [figure 2]. No associations between NO production and amino acid concentrations or endothelial function (FMDmax) were observed. imageConclusionsThis method is feasible in young children in a low resource setting. NO production in malnourished children with SCD can be increased by protein energy supplementation and may be increased further with additional arginine and citrulline.
Dermal Lymphatic Invasion, Survival, and Time to Recurrence or Progression in Inflammatory Breast Cancer
Authors: Hirko Kelly A. , Regan Meredith M. , Remolano Marie C. , Schlossman Julia , Harrison Beth , Yeh Eren , Jacene Heather , Nakhlis Faina , Block Caroline , Rosenbluth Jennifer M. , Garrido-Castro Ana C. , Overmoyer Beth A. 
Published: June 2021

Objectives:
Dermal lymphatic invasion (DLI) with tumor emboli is a common pathologic characteristic of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), although its presence is not required for diagnosis. We examined whether documented DLI on skin biopsy was associated with survival and time to recurrence or progression in IBC.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 340 women enrolled in the IBC Registry at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute between 1997 and 2019 were included in this study. Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for associations of DLI and overall survival, time to locoregional recurrence/progression, and distant metastasis by stage at presentation.

Results:
DLI was detected in 215 (63.2%) of IBC cases overall. At disease presentation, IBC with DLI had a higher prevalence of de novo metastases (37.7% vs. 26.4%), breast skin ulceration (6.1% vs. 2.4%), and lymphovascular invasion within the breast parenchyma (52.9% vs. 25.5%) and a lower prevalence of palpable breast mass (48.2% vs. 70.6%) than IBC without DLI. Over a median follow-up of 2.0 years, 147 deaths occurred. DLI was not associated with survival or recurrence in multivariable models (all P ≥0.10). For example, among women with stage III disease, hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for DLI presence was 1.29 (0.77-2.15) for overall survival, 1.29 (0.56-3.00) for locoregional recurrence, and 1.71 (0.97-3.02) for distant metastasis.

Conclusion:
Although the extent of tumor emboli in dermal lymphatics may be associated with biological features of IBC, DLI was not an independent prognostic marker of clinical outcomes in this study.
Index Finger Pollicization Incisions for Congenital Thumb Aplasia: Review and Design of an Educational Anatomical Model for Skin Incisions
Authors: Delgove Anaïs , Camuzard Olivier , Perez Manuela , Braun Marc , Journeau Pierre , Dautel Gilles 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Pollicization of the index finger can be considered the gold standard technique for the treatment of congenital thumb aplasia. The aim of this study was to review the described incisions for pollicization and to create an anatomical framework enabling the study and comparison of these incisions.

Methods:
A systematic review was performed to collect descriptions of incision sets. An anatomical model was created from the two upper limbs of the same cadaver. Thumb aplasia was modeled on both hands of this cadaver by severing the thumbs; an index finger pollicization was performed on one of the two hands. Comparative analysis of scar positions, first web size, and neothumb aspect of each incision set was conducted using a surgical glove modeling the skin. The glove was fitted onto the aplastic model to draw the incisions and then onto the pollicized hand to adjust the resulting flaps after cutting.

Results:
Twelve articles, two textbooks, and one DVD were included in the review, either containing an original description of incisions, or describing an incision pattern with figures and references to the initial author. A total of five different incision sets, described by Buck-Gramcko, Blauth, Foucher, Ezaki, and Malek, were identified and compared using the anatomical model.

Conclusions:
This work summarizes five original incisions described for index pollicization in thumb aplasia and presents a standardized and reliable model to study and compare these different sets. The model can be used for educational purposes, either to teach or to optimize an incision set.
Viremia controls Env-specific antibody-secreting cell responses in simian immunodeficiency virus infected macaques pre and post-antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Silveira Eduardo L.V. , Hong Jung Joo , Amancha Praveen K. , Rogers Kenneth A. , Ansari Aftab A. , Byrareddy Siddappa N. , Villinger Francois 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate the kinetics of Env (gp140)-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) during acute and early chronic simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection, and prior to and postantiretroviral therapy (ART) in rhesus macaques.

Design and methods:
At week 0, rhesus macaques were inoculated intravenously with SIVmac239 and the viral loads were allowed to develop. Daily ART was initiated at week 5 post infection until week 18, though the animals were monitored until week 28 for the following parameters: enumeration of SIV gp140-specific ASCs by ELISPOT; quantification of viremia and SIV gp140-specific IgG titres through qRT-PCR and ELISA, respectively; estimation of monocytes, follicular helper T cells (Tfh) and memory B cell frequencies using polychromatic flow cytometry.

Results:
Direct correlations were consistently found between blood SIV gp140-specific ASC responses and viremia or SIV Env-specific IgG titres. In contrast, SIV gp140-specific ASC responses showed inverse correlations with the percentage of total memory B cells in the blood. In lymph nodes, the magnitude of the SIV gp140-specific ASC responses also followed the viral load kinetics. In contrast, the number of SIV gp140-specific ASCs presented did not correlate with frequencies of circulating activated monocyte (CD14+CD16+) or Tfh cells.

Conclusion:
Blood and/or lymph node viral loads may regulate the onset and magnitude of SIV gp140-specific ASCs during SIV infection and following ART in rhesus macaques.
Effect of Text Messaging Plus Peer Navigation on Viral Suppression Among Youth With HIV in the iCARE Nigeria Pilot Study
Authors: Taiwo Babafemi O. , Kuti Kehinde M. , Kuhns Lisa M. , Omigbodun Olayinka , Awolude Olutosin , Adetunji Adedotun , Berzins Baiba , Janulis Patrick , Johnson Amy K. , Okonkwor Ogochukwu , Oladeji Bibilola D. , Muldoon Abigail , Adewumi Olubusuyi M. , Amoo Paul , Atunde Hannah , Kapogiannis Bill , Garofalo Robert 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Consistent with the global trend, youth with HIV (YWH) in Nigeria have high rates of viral nonsuppression. Hence, novel interventions are needed.

Setting:
Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

Methods:
In a single-arm trial, participants aged 15–24 years received 48 weeks of a combination intervention, comprising daily 2-way text message medication reminders plus peer navigation. The primary outcome measure was viral suppression less than 200 copies/mL. The secondary outcome measures included self-reported adherence on a visual analog scale and medication possession ratio, each dichotomized as ≥90% (good) or <90% (poor) adherence. The outcomes were analyzed using McNemar test. Retention in care, intervention feasibility and acceptability, and participants' satisfaction were also assessed.

Results:
Forty YWH (50% male participants) were enrolled: mean age 19.9 years (SD = 2.5), 55% perinatally infected, and 35% virologically suppressed at baseline. Compared with baseline, the odds of virologic suppression was higher at 24 weeks (odds ratio = 14.00, P < 0.001) and 48 weeks (odds ratio = 6.00, P = 0.013). Self-reported adherence (≥90%) increased from baseline at 24 weeks (63%, P = 0.008) and 48 weeks (68%, P = 0.031). Medication possession ratio ≥90% increased at weeks 24 and 48 (85% and 80%, respectively), achieving statistical significance at 24 weeks alone (P = 0.022). Retention in care at 48 weeks was 87.5%. All (37/37) participants at week 48 were fully or mostly satisfied with the intervention.

Conclusion:
Daily 2-way text message reminders plus peer navigation is a promising combination intervention to improve viral suppression among YWH in Nigeria.
“Forget it, let’s go with a handshake”: contracting practices of exporting small to medium size enterprises (SMEs)
Authors: Kahiya Eldrede T. , Butler Petra 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to dissect cross-border contracting practices among exporting businesses. The under-representation of exporter-importer dynamics and the superficial understanding of contracts are the motivation for this exploratory study.

Design/methodology/approach
The qualitative multiple case study design focuses on 18 small to medium size enterprise (SMEs) exporting from New Zealand. The analysis encompasses coding, pattern matching and explanation building. This paper uses coding to uncover themes and pattern matching/cross-case comparison to facilitate explanation building.

Findings
The paper underlines the scant use of formal international sales/distribution contracts, the lack of knowledge concerning contracting, barriers to contract formation, misgivings about the court system and litigation and the adoption of proxy contracts. This paper depicts varieties of contracting practices, namely, no formal contract, improvisational, normative, and formal contractual arrangements and underlines the context in which each approach applies.

Research limitations/implications
Similar to most studies in this area, the dissection of contracting practices derives from the exporter side of the dyad. This robs the research of a holistic view of the exchange. Nonetheless, this paper contributes to a better understanding of contract formation and formalization and to the role of context in shaping the activities of exporting SMEs.

Practical implications
Although formal contracts are vital, they are not obligatory in all exchanges. Contracts matter more for high intensity exporters with comparatively short relationship histories, selling knowledge-intensive products in predominantly non-relational cultures. Policymakers should highlight the importance of contracts in such contexts and direct SMEs to several freely available resources on cross-border contracting.

Social implications
The research casts fairness/equity and access to justice as pertinent structural disadvantages impacting the contracting practices of exporting SMEs.

Originality/value
According to the authors’ knowledge, this paper is among the first studies to provide an in-depth portrayal of the contracting practices of exporting SMEs, to detail the pervasiveness of non-contractual contracting practices and to depict contracting as nuanced and context-dependent.
Parosteal lipoma of the rib: A rare condition in an uncommon location
Authors: White Roland Z , Au John , Nguyen Thi , Sampson Matthew J 
Published: June 2021

SummaryA 36‐year‐old female patient was diagnosed with a parosteal lipoma arising from the left 3rd rib. This was preluded by a 5‐year history of an asymptomatic and stable mass at the medial aspect of the left scapula. It had displayed an interval enlargement in the preceding 3 months which prompted investigation to rule out an aggressive lesion. The patient was investigated with CT, MRI and PET scan which demonstrated a well‐circumscribed juxtacortical fatty mass with osseous excrescence and no enhancing soft tissue components or FDG avidity in the fatty component, in keeping with a parosteal lipoma. CT‐guided biopsy allowed histopathological correlation which facilitated the exclusion of an aggressive lesion and supported the imaging diagnosis. This case is a pertinent educational tool for radiologists and orthopaedic surgeons as it characterises a rare and benign pathology in an uncommon location, with mimicry of malignant differential diagnoses such as liposarcoma and chondrosarcoma. We aim to bring awareness to this condition and its typical imaging characteristics and thus allowing radiologists to make more confident conclusions in future cases.
Exhaustive reanalysis of barcode sequences from public repositories highlights ongoing misidentifications and impacts taxa diversity and distribution
Authors: Fort Antoine , McHale Marcus , Cascella Kevin , Potin Philippe , Perrineau Marie‐Mathilde , Kerrison Philip D. , da Costa Elisabete , Calado Ricardo , Domingues Maria do Rosário , Costa Azevedo Isabel , Sousa‐Pinto Isabel , Gachon Claire , van der Werf Adrie , de Visser Willem , Beniers Johanna E. , Jansen Henrice , Guiry Michael D. , Sulpice Ronan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAccurate species identification often relies on public repositories to compare the barcode sequences of the investigated individual(s) with taxonomically assigned sequences. However, the accuracy of identifications in public repositories is often questionable, and the names originally given are rarely updated. For instance, species of the Sea Lettuce (Ulva spp.; Ulvophyceae, Ulvales, Ulvaceae) are frequently misidentified in public repositories, including herbaria and gene banks, making species identification based on traditional barcoding unreliable. We DNA barcoded 295 individual distromatic foliose strains of Ulva from the North‐East Atlantic for three loci (rbcL, tufA, ITS1). Seven distinct species were found, and we compared our results with all worldwide Ulva spp. sequences present in the NCBI database for the three barcodes rbcL, tufA and the ITS1. Our results demonstrate a large degree of species misidentification, where we estimate that 24%–32% of the entries pertaining to foliose species are misannotated and provide an exhaustive list of NCBI sequences reannotations. An analysis of the global distribution of registered samples from foliose species also indicates possible geographical isolation for some species, and the absence of U. lactuca from Northern Europe. We extended our analytical framework to three other genera, Fucus, Porphyra and Pyropia and also identified erroneously labelled accessions and possibly new synonymies, albeit less than for Ulva spp. Altogether, exhaustive taxonomic clarification by aggregation of a library of barcode sequences highlights misannotations and delivers an improved representation of species diversity and distribution.
Petrogenesis of Early Carboniferous Ultramafic–Mafic Volcanic Rocks in the Southern Changning–Menglian Belt, Southeastern Tibetan Plateau: Implications for the Evolution of the Paleo‐Tethyan Ocean
Authors: XIE Zhipeng , WU Xuelu , WANG Tengfei , XUE Chuandong , YANG Tiannan , WANG Wei , SUI Binxi , XIN Di 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Changning–Menglian Belt represents the main Paleo‐Tethyan Suture in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, which divides Gondwana‐ and Eurasia‐derived continental fragments from each other. The belt contains ultramafic–mafic volcanic rocks that provide evidence of the tectonic processes which operated during the evolution of the Paleo‐Tethyan Ocean. New geochemical data for Early Carboniferous volcanics in the southern Changning–Menglian Belt show that wehrlites have cumulate and poikilitic textures, and contain low‐Fo (84.2–87.2) olivine, clinopyroxene with low Mg# values (79.4–85.6), and spinel with high Cr# values (67.8–72.4). Estimated equilibrium temperatures obtained using olivine‐spinel Fe‐Mg exchange geothermometry range from 978°C to 1373°C (mean = 1205°C; n = 3). These observations combined with a lack of reaction or melt impregnation textures indicate that these units represent magmatic cumulates rather than having formed as a result of mantle‐melt reactions. Both wehrlites and basalts in the belt have subparallel rare earth element (REE)‐and primitive‐mantle‐normalized multi‐element patterns with slightly positive Nb‐Ta anomalies, but negligible Eu and Zr‐Hf anomalies. The volcanics have similar Sr‐Nd‐Pb isotopic compositions with εNd(t) values of 4.2–4.5 (mean = 4.3; n = 3) and 4.0–4.4 (mean 4.2; n = 4), respectively, and also have similar immobile element ratios, such as Nb/La, Nb/U, Th/La, Zr/Nb, Th/Ta, La/Yb, Nb/Th, Nb/Y, and Zr/Y. These characteristics indicate both units have ocean island basalt (OIB)‐like geochemical affinities, consistent with the fact that the clinopyroxene in the wehrlites is compositionally similar to OIB‐related cumulus clinopyroxene. This suggests that both the wehrlites and basalts were derived from similar parental magmas that underwent generally closed‐system magmatic differentiation dominated by fractionation of the olivine and clinopyroxene. This parental magma was likely generated in an oceanic seamount setting from an OIB‐type mantle source (i.e., asthenospheric mantle) containing garnet‐spinel lherzolite material. Combing this new data with that from oceanic seamount volcano‐sedimentary suites derived from previous research enables the identification of a mature late Paleozoic ocean basin between the passive northeastern Gondwanan margin and the northward‐migrating microcontinent of Lanping–Simao.
No difference in clinical outcomes between portable navigation and conventional instrumentation in total knee arthroplasty: A randomised trial
Authors: Ali Stephen F. , Gharaibeh Monther A. , Wood Jil A. , Chen Darren B. , MacDessi Samuel J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPortable accelerometer‐based navigation devices (PAD) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have been proposed to combine the alignment precision of computer navigation with the efficiency of conventional instrumentation (CON). The aim of this study was to determine if PAD was more effective than CON in TKA in improving clinical outcomes at medium term follow‐up.MethodsParticipants undergoing primary TKA were randomly assigned to either PAD or CON. The primary outcome was the mean between‐group difference in the four subscales of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (∆KOOS4) between preoperative status and latest follow‐up. Secondary outcomes included analysis of between‐group differences in all KOOS subscales, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (∆WOMAC) scores, complications and reoperation rates.ResultsOf the 178 participants allocated to a treatment arm, 159 (89.3%) completed follow‐up at a mean of 4.3 years (range 3.2–5.8 years). There was no statistically significant or clinically meaningful difference in ∆KOOS4 between preoperative status and latest follow‐up (PAD = 41, CON = 43; p = 0.5). There was no difference in mean ∆WOMAC scores (PAD = 39, CON = 41; p = 0.9) or ∆KOOS subscales between groups. In addition, there were no differences in complications or reoperations between groups.ConclusionsPAD was not superior to CON in improving patient‐reported outcomes or reducing complications and reoperation rates at medium term follow‐up. The use of PAD in TKA to improve clinical outcomes alone cannot be justified based on the results of this study.
PDL1‐positive exosomes suppress antitumor immunity by inducing tumor‐specific CD8+ T cell exhaustion during metastasis
Authors: Chen Ji , Song Yang , Miao Feng , Chen Gang , Zhu Yongjun , Wu Ning , Pang Liewen , Chen Zhiming , Chen Xiaofeng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMetastasis is the main cause of death in individuals with cancer. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) can potentially reverse CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) dysfunction, leading to significant remission in multiple cancers. However, the mechanism underlying the development of CTL exhaustion during metastatic progression remains unclear. Here, we established an experimental pulmonary metastasis model with melanoma cells and discovered a critical role for melanoma‐released exosomes in metastasis. Using genetic knockdown of nSMase2 and Rab27a, 2 key enzymes for exosome secretion, we showed that high levels of effector‐like tumor‐specific CD8+ T cells with transitory exhaustion, instead of terminal exhaustion, were observed in mice without exosomes; these cells showed limited inhibitory receptors and strong proliferation and cytotoxicity. Mechanistically, the immunosuppression of exosomes depends on exogenous PD‐L1, which can be largely rescued by pretreatment with antibody blockade. Notably, we also found that exosomal PD‐L1 acts as a promising predictive biomarker for ICB therapies during metastasis. Together, our findings suggest that exosomal PD‐L1 may be a potential immunotherapy target, suggesting a new curative therapy for tumor metastasis.
Leveraging social media and deep learning to detect rare megafauna in video surveys
Authors: Mannocci Laura , Villon Sébastien , Chaumont Marc , Guellati Nacim , Mouquet Nicolas , Iovan Corina , Vigliola Laurent , Mouillot David 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDeep learning has become a key tool for the automated monitoring of animal populations with video surveys. However, obtaining large numbers of images to train such models is a major challenge for rare and elusive species because field video surveys provide few sightings. We designed a method that takes advantage of videos accumulated on social media for training deep‐learning models to detect rare megafauna species in the field. We trained convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with social media images and tested them on images collected from field surveys. We applied our method to aerial video surveys of dugongs (Dugong dugon) in New Caledonia (southwestern Pacific). CNNs trained with 1303 social media images yielded 25% false positives and 38% false negatives when tested on independent field video surveys. Incorporating a small number of images from New Caledonia (equivalent to 12% of social media images) in the training data set resulted in a nearly 50% decrease in false negatives. Our results highlight how and the extent to which images collected on social media can offer a solid basis for training deep‐learning models for rare megafauna detection and that the incorporation of a few images from the study site further boosts detection accuracy. Our method provides a new generation of deep‐learning models that can be used to rapidly and accurately process field video surveys for the monitoring of rare megafauna.