bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
White‐light endoscopy is insufficient to distinguish between types of esophageal white lesions
Authors: Tan Nian Di , Lin Yu Qing , Ye Zi Yin , Zhang Ning , Chen Song Feng , Zhang Meng Yu , Cui Yi , Chen Min Hu , Xiao Ying Lian 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveEsophageal white lesions (EWL) are commonly observed under upper endoscopy, while their clinical significance remains undetermined. The aim of this study was to identify the endoscopic characteristics of EWL and distinguish between different types of EWL.MethodsConsecutive patients with upper gastrointestinal complaints and participants admitted for health check‐up who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy from October 2018 to August 2019 in a tertiary hospital were prospectively screened. EWL were detected under endoscopy and biopsy was performed for histological analysis. Participants' characteristics, lifestyle, esophageal motility and reflux monitoring variables were analyzed.ResultsOf the 3641 consecutive participants screened, 303 of them aged 56.12 ± 10.95 years were found to have EWL (detection rate of 8.3%). More than one‐third of them preferred hot drinks, eating pickled or spicy food, smoking and alcohol consumption and 5.3% had current or former upper gastrointestinal or head and neck cancers. The common endoscopic appearance of the EWL (2.9 mm ± 1.2 mm in diameter) included slightly elevated plaque, translucent white in color, with a clear border, round or oval in shape, and a scaly, rough or smooth surface. Histology showed low‐grade intraepithelial dysplasia in 13 cases, leukoplakia in 10 and intestinal metaplasia in one. No significant differences were found between the histological findings and endoscopic manifestations of EWL.ConclusionsEWL are not uncommon in daily endoscopic examination, with some of them being precancerous lesions. Conventional white‐light endoscopy is insufficient to identify EWL, while histological assessment is important. Further studies using advanced endoscopic techniques with long‐term follow‐up are needed.
What determines the distribution of a threatened species, the brush‐tailed phascogale Phascogale tapoatafa (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae), in a highly modified region?
Authors: Lawton Jessica A. , Holland Greg J. , Bennett Andrew F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIdentifying factors that affect species’ distributions in highly modified landscapes, especially threatened species, is a key issue for conservation worldwide. Three types of factors commonly are considered important: the extent and pattern of suitable habitat at a landscape scale; the availability of key resources at a local scale; and interactions with other species. The brush‐tailed phascogale (Phascogale tapoatafa) has undergone range contractions and regional extinctions in Australia and falls within the critical weight range of mammal species with high risk of decline. Yet, in some regions, it persists despite marked habitat loss and disturbance. We investigated the distribution of the brush‐tailed phascogale in a highly modified region in central Victoria where it is a ‘flagship’ for community conservation. At 50 sites, stratified geographically and in relation to topography and surrounding forest cover, we carried out surveys using remotely sensed cameras (in parallel with nest box inspections). We used an occupancy modelling framework and information‐theoretic approach to analyse factors influencing detectability and occupancy. The brush‐tailed phascogale was widespread, recorded at 84% (42/50) of sites. The environmental space occupied by sites with camera records matched that of nest boxes containing established nests of this species. Detection probability was influenced by survey effort and site‐level measures of habitat quality (logs, litter, topographic position) likely reflecting population abundance. Dry forested slopes were favoured compared with gullies. The study area, with its dry forests of rough‐barked eucalypts, is a stronghold for this species. The broad distribution of the brush‐tailed phascogale in this highly modified region can be attributed to retention of ˜36% regional forest cover and a relatively high level of structural and functional connectivity. In such modified landscapes, complementary actions by land managers to sustain remaining large tracts of forest and also a mosaic of wooded vegetation across the rural landscape will help such species to persist.
A 5-year retrospective review of skin adnexal tumours received at a tertiary dermatopathology service: implications for linked genetic diagnoses
Authors: Cook S. , Bajwa D. , Hollestein L. , Husain A. , Rajan N. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryBackgroundSkin adnexal tumours (SATs) comprise a diverse range of neoplasms, which are difficult to diagnose clinically. They present in paediatric and adult populations, and may be indicative of an underlying genetic syndrome. There is a lack of recent data on the presentation of these tumours in clinical practice in European populations.ObjectivesTo characterize the clinical and pathological features of SATs received at a single tertiary centre over a 5-year period.MethodsA retrospective health record audit of SATs received at the Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, during the period November 2012 to October 2017 was performed.ResultsIn total, 107 144 skin cases were received during the audit period. A total of 1615 cases of SATs from 1359 patients were included; 1570 (97·2%) were benign and 45 (2·8%) were malignant. Overall, the average age at presentation was 55 years (range 11 months to 97 years) and the male to female ratio was 0·77 : 1. Sweat gland and hair follicle SATs were most frequently excised; in adults, the most frequent tumour was hidrocystoma, and in children, pilomatrixoma occurred most often. Prebiopsy diagnosis was correct in 28% of cases. Benign SATs are often markers of an associated genetic condition, which warrants improved discrimination of sporadic from genetically related SATs.ConclusionsSATs are difficult to diagnose clinically, and clinicopathological correlation may help enhance discrimination of genetically related SATs from sporadic cases. These data have implications for clinical and dermatopathological training provision, the development of reporting standards, and genetic assessment of selected patients.
SARS‐CoV‐2 and the brain: A review of the current knowledge on neuropathology in COVID‐19
Authors: Maiese Aniello , Manetti Alice Chiara , Bosetti Chiara , Del Duca Fabio , La Russa Raffaele , Frati Paola , Di Paolo Marco , Turillazzi Emanuela , Fineschi Vittorio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), the new coronavirus responsible for the pandemic disease in the last year, is able to affect the central nervous system (CNS). Compared with its well‐known pulmonary tropism and respiratory complications, little has been studied about SARS‐CoV‐2 neurotropism and pathogenesis of its neurological manifestations, but also about postmortem histopathological findings in the CNS of patients who died from COVID‐19 (coronavirus disease 2019). We present a systematic review, carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review standards, of the neuropathological features of COVID‐19. We found 21 scientific papers, the majority of which refer to postmortem examinations; the total amount of cases is 197. Hypoxic changes are the most frequently reported alteration of brain tissue, followed by ischemic and hemorrhagic lesions and reactive astrogliosis and microgliosis. These findings do not seem to be specific to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, they are more likely because of systemic inflammation and coagulopathy caused by COVID‐19. More studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis and to detect other possible alterations of neural tissue. Brain examination of patients dead from COVID‐19 should be included in a protocol of standardized criteria to perform autopsies on these subjects.
APOE genotype moderates the relationship between LRP1 polymorphism and cognition across the Alzheimer's disease spectrum via disturbing default mode network
Authors: Zang Feifei , Zhu Yao , Zhang Qianqian , Tan Chang , Wang Qing , Xie Chunming ,   Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative*
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsThis study aims to investigate the mechanisms by which apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype modulates the relationship between low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 1 (LRP1) rs1799986 variant on the default mode network (DMN) and cognition in Alzheimer's disease (AD) spectrum populations.MethodsCross‐sectional 168 subjects of AD spectrum were obtained from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database with resting‐state fMRI scans and neuropsychological scores data. Multivariable linear regression analysis was adopted to investigate the main effects and interaction of LRP1 and disease on the DMN. Moderation and interactive analyses were performed to assess the relationships among APOE, LRP1, and cognition. A support vector machine model was used to classify AD spectrum with altered connectivity as an objective diagnostic biomarker.ResultsThe main effects and interaction of LRP1 and disease were mainly focused on the core hubs of frontal‐parietal network. Several brain regions with altered connectivity were correlated with cognitive scores in LRP1‐T carriers, but not in non‐carriers. APOE regulated the effect of LRP1 on cognitive performance. The functional connectivity of numerous brain regions within LRP1‐T carriers yielded strong power for classifying AD spectrum.ConclusionThese findings suggested LRP1 could affect DMN and provided a stage‐dependent neuroimaging biomarker for classifying AD spectrum populations.
Evolution of methylisothiazolinone sensitization: A Belgian multicentric study from 2014 to 2019
Authors: Herman Anne , Aerts Olivier , Jacobs Marie‐Claude , Scheers Christel , Gilissen Liesbeth , Goossens An , Baeck Marie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn the 2010s an epidemic of allergic contact dermatitis to methylisothiazolinone (MI) occurred in Europe. European authorities banned the use of methylisothiazolinone in leave‐on cosmetics in 2017 and limited its use in rinse‐off products in 2018.ObjectivesTo investigate the sensitization rate to MI in Belgium between January 2014 and December 2019, and to assess cosensitizations to octylisothiazolinone (OIT) and benzisothiazolinone (BIT) in MI‐sensitized patients.MethodsA retrospective study of patch test results with MI, OIT, and BIT observed in patients attending five Belgian hospitals.ResultsOverall, 560 of 10 029 patients (5.58%) had a positive patch test reaction to MI, and its sensitization rate decreased from 7.9% in 2014 to 3.1% in 2019. Rinse‐off cosmetics, paints, and detergents were the most prevalent sensitization sources in recent years. Simultaneous reactions readily occurred to OIT, and, surprisingly, and increasingly, also to BIT.ConclusionsContact allergy to MI in Belgium has reached a pre‐epidemic level, reflecting the impact of recent regulatory measures. Leave‐on cosmetics, in contrast to rinse‐off products, have almost disappeared as sensitization sources in Europe. Paints and detergents also remain problematic. The remarkably high number of patients (co)sensitized to BIT should be a focus of future research.
Investor initiatives program: Public‐private partnerships to expedite commercialization for NCI‐funded small business entrepreneurs
Authors: Connors Brittany , Lou Xing‐Jian , Subedee Ashim , Zhang Kehui , Weingarten Michael , Narayanan Deepa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe National Cancer Institute’s Small Business Innovation Research Development Center (NCI SBIR) provides federal research and development funding and commercialization resources to more than 400 small businesses each year developing novel technologies to prevent, diagnose, and treat cancer. Although federal funding is vital for life science startups at the early stage of development, it is often insufficient to translate the technology from discovery to commercial product. Early‐stage startups must connect to follow‐on capital and resources to bring NCI‐funded technologies to patients. Most startups face challenges in securing additional funding due to lack of access to investors and strategic partners and the ability to effectively pitch their technology. In 2015, the NCI SBIR started the Investor Initiatives program to connect funded small businesses with targeted investors and strategic partners to address the aforementioned obstacles. This program leverages an extensive network of investors and partners to conduct business‐focused reviews and provide pitch coaching. The program incentivizes earlier collaborations between NCI‐funded companies and private investors through various channels. The program has supported 117 companies from years 2016–2019 to attend 27 investor showcase events. Follow‐up surveys show that the program and the assistance offered by NCI SBIR have contributed to a total of 32 completed deals as of April 29, 2020. This paper will discuss the Investor Initiatives program and its outcomes from 2016 to 2019 and demonstrate the effectiveness of a federal program that leverages public‐private partnerships to assist portfolio companies with raising follow‐on funding to accelerate the translation of research into clinical practice.
992. NICOTIANA EXIGUA
Authors: Chase Mark W. , Palsson Ruth L. , Christenhusz Maarten J. M. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryNicotiana exigua is illustrated from plants collected in New South Wales, Australia, at the Narran Lake Nature Reserve and cultivated at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Its taxonomic history, ecology, cytology and cultivation are discussed.
995. NICOTIANA HOSKINGII
Authors: Chase Mark W. , Palsson Ruth L. , Christenhusz Maarten J. M. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThe Australian species Nicotiana hoskingii from the Planchonella Nature Reserve in New South Wales is newly described and illustrated from plants cultivated at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Its discovery, ecology, cytology and cultivation are discussed.
Is perception inadequate? Husserl's case for non‐sensory objectual phenomenology in perception
Authors: Bower Matt E. M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOne key difference between perceptual experience and thought is the distinctly sensory way perception presents things to us. Some philosophers nevertheless suggest this sensory phenomenal character does not exhaust the way things are made manifest to us in perceptual experience. Edmund Husserl maintains that there is also a significant non‐sensory side to perception's phenomenal character. We may experience, for instance, an object's facing surface in a sensory mode and, as part of the same perceptual experience, also that object's out‐of‐view surface in a non‐sensory mode. To the extent that perceptual experience makes things available to us in a non‐sensory mode, Husserl calls it inadequate. Here, I reconstruct four arguments for the conclusion that perceptual experience is inadequately found in various of Husserl's writings and critically evaluated them. My aim is both to showcase the variety and sophistication of Husserl's reasons for thinking perceptual experience is inadequate and to problematize that idea.
miRNA expression analysis in the human heart: Undifferentiated progenitors vs. bioptic tissues—Implications for proliferation and ageing
Authors: Iannolo Gioacchin , Sciuto Maria Rita , Cuscino Nicola , Carcione Claudia , Coronnello Claudia , Chinnici Cinzia Maria , Raffa Giuseppe Maria , Pilato Michele , Conaldi Pier Giulio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn developed countries, cardiovascular diseases are currently the first cause of death. Cardiospheres (CSs) and cardiosphere‐derived cells (CDCs) have been found to have the ability to regenerate the myocardium after myocardial infarction (MI). In recent years, much effort has been made to gain insight into the human heart repair mechanisms, in which miRNAs have been shown to play an important role. In this regard, to elucidate the involvement of miRNAs, we evaluated the miRNA expression profile across human heart biopsy, CSs and CDCs using microarray and next‐generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. We identified several miRNAs more represented in the progenitors, where some of them can be responsible for the proliferation or the maintenance of an undifferentiated state, while others have been found to be downregulated in the undifferentiated progenitors compared with the biopsies. Moreover, we also found a correlation between downregulated miRNAs in CSs/CDCs and patient age (eg miR‐490) and an inverse correlation among miRNAs upregulated in CSs/CDCs (eg miR‐31).
Effects of fasting on collective movement and fission–fusion dynamics in both homogeneous and heterogeneous shoals of a group‐living cyprinid fish species
Authors: Zheng Yu‐Hui , Fu Shi‐Jian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe present study aimed to reveal the effect of fasting (21 days) on collective movement and interaction dynamics in both homogeneous (eight members fed a commercial diet or deprived of food) and heterogeneous (four fed + four starved members) shoals of juvenile qingbo (Spinibarbus sinensis). The authors of this study measured the shoaling behaviour in both a commonly used rectangular open arena with no spatial complexity and a radial arm maze. When measured in the open arena, the starved shoals had a faster swimming speed and acceleration rate and a longer interindividual distance than the fed shoals, possibly because of the elevated foraging motivation. Nonetheless, the values of the heterogeneous groups were similar to those of the fed groups. Furthermore, in contrast to the fish in homogeneous shoals, the starved fish in heterogeneous shoals showed a slower acceleration rate and speed than fed members in heterogeneous shoals. These results, combined with the relationships of variables at the among‐ and within‐shoal levels, suggested that starved fish limited their motion in heterogeneous shoals to maintain group cohesion but that the fed fish contributed more to maintaining shoal structure, possibly because of the higher energy expenditure required for movement changes. When monitored in a radial arm maze, starved shoals showed more fission–fusion episodes without sacrificing group cohesion, as they adaptively adjusted the frequency and duration of each majority choice. The among‐shoal variation revealed that the heterogeneous groups showed less variation in the open arena but more variation in the radius maze than did the homogeneous groups. This difference might arise because dominant members have opposite effects on shoal behaviour and consensus decisions. In conclusion, the present study showed opposite effects of feeding states on collective behaviour between homogeneous and heterogeneous shoals, possibly because of the complicated interactions among members with different energy storage levels and foraging motivations. Furthermore, the heterogeneous groups showed a difference between shoal behaviour in the open area and exploration in the radial arm maze. Future studies manipulating the personality composition of starved and fed members of heterogeneous groups might yield interesting results.
Retracted: Different effects of continuous and intermittent alternative magnetic field on inhibiting chilling injury of bananas
Authors: Zhao Songsong , Han Xinyi , Liu Bin , Guan Wenqiang , Dai Quanyu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractChilling injury (CI) is one of the important factors to reduce tropical fruit preservation quality. A low‐temperature electromagnetic preservation system is developed by combining the refrigerated storage technology and electromagnetic biological effect to decrease the CI damage. Based on this system, the experimental study and mechanism analysis of alternating magnetic field inhibiting the CI of bananas are carried out. Experimental results show that compared with the control group (CK), the alternative magnetic field continuous treatment (AMCT, B = 20 Gs, f = 60 Hz) group and the alternative magnetic field intermittent treatment (B = 20 Gs, f = 60 Hz, t = 12 h) group both obviously have a lower respiration rate, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, and degree of CI in the refrigerated storage condition of T = 6°C and RH = 85%. Compared with the CK group, the color difference in the AMCT group is reduced by 19.1% and the malondialdehyde content is only 81.9%, which shows the best chilling injury inhibition effect.Practical ApplicationsThe main purpose of this study was to compare the effects of AMCT and AMIT treatment on the CI of bananas. The results demonstrated that magnetic field technology could inhibit the CI of fruits and vegetables effectively, and AMCT treatment was more helpful to the preservation of bananas. This study will further improve the magnetic field treatment technology and provide a safe physical technology for fruit and vegetable freshness preservation. The parameters studied in this article can provide a reference for the development of commercial equipment.
Intra‐arterial injection of lidocaine into middle meningeal artery to treat intractable headaches and severe migraine
Authors: Qureshi Adnan I. , Pfeiffer Kimberley , Babar Sehar , Huang Wei , Lobanova Iryna , Ishfaq Muhammad F. , French Brandi R. , Siddiq Farhan , Gomez Camilo R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and PurposeWe report the results of intra‐arterial injection of lidocaine in the middle meningeal artery in patients with intractable headache or status migrainosus.MethodsWe treated four patients with intra‐arterial lidocaine (2 mg/ml) in doses up to 50 mg in each middle meningeal artery via a microcatheter bilaterally (except in one patient). In two patients with intractable headache, the daily maximum intensity of headache (graded by 11‐point numeric rating scale) was recorded for 7 days postprocedure. In two patients with status migrainosus, migraine‐related disability 3 months prior and after treatment using MIDAS (Migraine Disability Assessment) questionnaire was recorded.ResultsIntra‐arterial lidocaine reduced the headache intensity from 8/10 and 10/10 to 0/10 in the two patients with intractable headaches for 2 days (day 0 and day 1) postprocedure. Despite recurrence of headache on day 2, the intensity was less than preprocedure intensity up to the last day recorded (by 3 and 2 points on day 7). In the two patients with status migrainosus, there was immediate reduction in headache intensity following intra‐arterial lidocaine. The post treatment 3‐month MIDAS score was lower in both patients compared with pretreatment 3‐month score; 3 versus 30 and 55 versus 90. Severe disability preprocedure by MIDAS was reduced to little or no disability postprocedure in one patient.ConclusionsIntra‐arterial lidocaine resulted in amelioration of headache in patients with intractable headache and those with status migrainosus with improvement lasting longer than the short half‐life of lidocaine possibly related to central desensitization.