bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prodrug Activation by Gold Artificial Metalloenzyme‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Phenanthridinium Derivatives via Hydroamination
Authors: Chang Tsung‐Che , Vong Kenward , Yamamoto Tomoya , Tanaka Katsunori 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn emerging approach in the field of targeted drug delivery is the establishment of abiotic metal‐triggered prodrug mechanisms that can control the release of bioactive drugs. Currently, the design of prodrugs that use abiotic metals as a trigger relies heavily on uncaging strategies. Here, we introduce a strategy based on the gold‐catalyzed activation of a phenanthridinium‐based prodrug via hydroamination under physiological conditions. To make the prodrug strategy biocompatible, a gold artificial metalloenzyme (ArM) based on human serum albumin, rather than the free gold metal complex, was used as a trigger for prodrug activation. The albumin‐based gold ArM protected the catalytic activity of the bound gold metal even in the presence of up to 1 mM glutathione in vitro. The drug synthesized via the gold ArM exerted a therapeutic effect in cell‐based assays, highlighting the potential usefulness of the gold ArM in anticancer applications.
Direct Activation of a Remote C(sp3)–H Bond Enabled by a Visible‐Light Photosensitized Allene Moiety
Authors: Liu Jiaxin , Wei Yin , Shi Min 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDespite allene derivatives have been always regarded as a radical accepter in traditional radical chemistry for decades, the reactivity of allene derivatives under excited state in radical chemistry was rarely explored. Herein, we wish to report an example to engage triplet‐excited state of allene moiety as hydrogen‐atom‐transfer (HAT) partner in the activation of remote sp3 C−H bond via visible‐light irradiation under mild reaction conditions with broad substrate scope and good functional‐group tolerance. The reaction mechanism involving the generation of triplet excited state of allene derivative and the subsequent HAT process was supported by deuterium labeling, kinetic analysis experiments and DFT calculations.
Design of Multi‐Shelled Hollow Cr2O3Spheres for Metabolic Fingerprinting
Authors: Li Rongxin , Zhou Yongjie , Liu Chao , Pei Congcong , Shu Weikang , Zhang Chaoqi , Liu Lianzhong , Zhou Liang , Wan Jingjing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSchizophrenia (SZ) detection enables effective treatment to improve the clinical outcome, but objective and reliable SZ diagnostics are still limited. An ideal diagnosis of SZ suited for robust clinical screening must address detection throughput, low invasiveness, and diagnosis accuracy. Herein, we built a multi‐shelled hollow Cr2O3spheres (MHCSs) assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI MS) platform for the direct metabolic profiling of biofluids towards SZ diagnostics. The MHCSs displayed strong light absorption for enhanced ionization and microscale surface roughness with stability for the effective LDI of metabolites. We profiled urine and serum metabolites (≈1 μL) with the enhanced LDI efficacy in seconds. We discriminated SZ patients (SZs) from healthy controls (HCs) with the highest area under the curve (AUC) value of 1.000 for the blind test. We identified four compounds with optimal diagnostic power as a simplified metabolite panel for SZ and demonstrated the metabolite quantification for clinic use. Our approach accelerates the growth of new platforms toward a precision diagnosis in the near future.
Engineering Bismuth–Tin Interface in Bimetallic Aerogel with a 3D Porous Structure for Highly Selective Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to HCOOH
Authors: Wu Zexing , Wu Hengbo , Cai Weiquan , Wen Zhenhai , Jia Baohua , Wang Lei , Jin Wei , Ma Tianyi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of CO2 (CO2RR) into valuable hydrocarbons is appealing in alleviating the excessive CO2 level. We present the very first utilization of metallic bismuth–tin (Bi‐Sn) aerogel for CO2RR with selective HCOOH production. A non‐precious bimetallic aerogel of Bi‐Sn is readily prepared at ambient temperature, which exhibits 3D morphology with interconnected channels, abundant interfaces and a hydrophilic surface. Superior to Bi and Sn, the Bi‐Sn aerogel exposes more active sites and it has favorable mass transfer properties, which endow it with a high FEHCOOH of 93.9 %. Moreover, the Bi‐Sn aerogel achieves a FEHCOOH of ca. 90 % that was maintained for 10 h in a flow battery. In situ ATR‐FTIR measurements confirmed that the formation of *HCOO is the rate‐determining step toward formic acid generation. DFT demonstrated the coexistence of Bi and Sn optimized the energy barrier for the production of HCOOH, thereby improving the catalytic activity.
The preparation of cotton fabric with super‐hydrophobicity and antibacterial properties by the modification of the stearic acid
Authors: Wu Yan , Wu Xinyu , Yang Feng , Gan Jian , Jia Huanliang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this article, the superhydrophobic and antibacterial surface on the cotton fabric were fabricated with the UV curable waterborne coatings, the silver nanoparticles, and the stearic acid. The cotton fabric coated with silver stearate was obtained by immersing in a mixture of sodium hydroxide and then modified by stearic acid. Results showed that the water contact angle on the surface of the fabric was 157.6°. The micromorphology and chemical ingredients of the surface of the coating were studied by scanning electron microscope, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, and X photoelectric spectrometer. Results showed that the immersion resulted in a double decomposition reaction and with the modification of the stearic acid, the silver stearate was formed on the surface, which provided a rough surface required for super‐hydrophobicity. And the acid and alkali resistance test, water‐resistance test, and antibacterial activity test indicated that the coating had good acid and alkaline resistance, water‐resistance, and antibacterial properties.
Effects of the molecular structure from pitch fractions on the properties of pitch‐based electrospun nanofibers
Authors: Qi Yong , Zhang Xiaxiang , Yang Jianxiao , Shi Kui , Li Jun , Zhang Shu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMesophase pitch was separated into different pitch fractions to investigate the effect of pitch fractions on the properties of their nanofibers prepared by electrospinning. The evolution of different pitch fractions‐derived nanofibers during stabilization and carbonization were explored, and the properties of the resultant carbon nanofibers (CNFs) as electrode materials for supercapacitor were compared. Results indicated that the hexane insoluble‐toluene soluble (HI‐TS) and toluene insoluble‐tetrahydrofuran (THF) soluble (TI‐THFS) fractions had good spinnability due to their narrow molecular weight distribution. Moreover, compared with HI‐TS and THF insoluble (THFI), TI‐THFS consisted of appropriate aromaticity and branched alkyl groups which promoted the stabilization and carbonization behaviors of its nanofibers, resulting in maintaining ideal fiber morphology of TI‐THFS‐derived nanofiber due to the mitigation of their exothermic reactions. Meanwhile, the TI‐THFS‐derived CNFs presented the highest surface area of 543 m2 g−1 and exhibited an excellent specific capacitance of 167 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 in 6 M KOH electrolyte.
Characterization and functional analysis of a β‐adrenergic‐like octopamine receptor from the oriental armyworm (Mythimna separata Walker)
Authors: Guo Yan‐fang , Qiu Jia‐ren , Chen Tao , Gao San‐ji , Su‐hong Bu , Wang Ran , Wang Jin‐da 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe β‐adrenergic‐like octopamine receptor (OA2B2), which binds the biogenic amine octopamine, belongs to the class of G‐protein coupled receptors and significantly regulates many physiological and behavioral processes in insects. In this study, the putative open reading frame sequence of the MsOA2B2 gene in Mythimna separata was cloned, the full‐length complementary DNA was 1191 bp and it encoded a 396‐amino acid protein (GenBank accession number MN822800). Orthologous sequence alignment, phylogenetic tree analysis, and protein sequence analysis all showed that the cloned receptor belongs to the OA2B2 protein family. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction of spatial and temporal expression analysis revealed that the MsOAB2 gene was expressed in all developmental stages of M. separata and was most abundant in egg stages and second and fourth instars compared with other developmental stages, while the expression level during the pupal stage was much lower than that at the other stages. Further analysis with sixth instar M. separata larvae showed that the MsOA2B2 gene was expressed 1.81 times higher in the head than in integument and gut tissues. Dietary ingestion of dsMsOA2B2 significantly reduced the messenger RNA level of MsOA2B2 and decreased mortality following amitraz treatment. This study provides both a pharmacological characterization and the gene expression patterns of OA2B2 in M. separata, facilitating further research for insecticides using MsOA2B2 as a target.
Virtual Microscopy as a Learning Tool in Brazilian Medical Education
Authors: Somera dos Santos Fernanda , Osako Mariana Kiomy , Perdoná Gleici da Silva Castro , Alves Márcia Gaião , Sales Katiuchia Uzzun 
Published: March 2021

Virtual microscopy (VM) is a widely used teaching method in Medical Education in many developed countries. In Brazil, however, this is not the case for most medical schools, considering Brazilian social inequality and uneven access to technology. Recently, the Covid‐19 pandemic has also challenged Universities to seek and make a transition toward more effective methods of full‐time online education. Thus, the main goal of this work was to verify student's perception and academic performance, assessed upon VM implementation in a Brazilian Medical School. Ribeirao Preto Medical School students answered a 26‐question survey with regards to optical microscopy (OM) and VM. Academic performance was compared between participants that were (year of 2019) or were not (year of 2015) exposed to VM. Taken the results together, subjective impressions such as handling, suitability, learning effectiveness, and pleasure using the tools, have shown a higher score for virtual microscopy (median = 29), when compared to optical microscopy (median = 24) with a P‐value < 0.001 by Wilcoxon rank test, upon measurement using an ordinal scale. Regarding academic performance, no statistically significant differences were found between groups (P‐value = 0.38, Cohen's d = 0.19). Therefore, VM proved to be adequate to the Brazilian medical education in light of Brazilian social contexts and Covid‐19 pandemic.
Optimal control of aero‐engine systems based on a switched LPV model
Authors: Wang Rui , Liu Cheng , Shi Yan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, an optimal control problem for aero‐engines based on a switched linear parameter varying (LPV) model is solved. Firstly, according to the change of external flight conditions, a switched LPV model with different altitudes and Mach numbers is established for aero‐engines. Then, since the optimal control of the parameter‐dependent switched system cannot be dealt with by traditional methods, we thus propose an optimal control method for the switched LPV system, which includes solving the optimal continuous inputs and the optimal switching instants. Finally, simulations and a hardware in‐the‐loop test of an aero‐engine control system are presented to verify the effectiveness and superiority for the proposed optimal control method.
Co‐production of microbial lipids with valuable chemicals
Authors: Chen Lin , Qian Xiujuan , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhou Xinhai , Zhou Jie , Dong Weiliang , Xin Fengxue , Zhang Wenming , Jiang Min , Ochsenreither Katrin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMicrobial lipids are promising substitutes for petroleum and plant oil. However, the industrialization of microbial lipids is still limited and cannot compete with petrochemical petroleum due to its high production cost. Microorganisms capable of accumulating lipids and additional valuable chemicals are attractive for improving the economics of the microbial lipid production process. Compared with the increase in production of complex metabolic engineering to improve the overall economy, the multi‐chemical co‐production system is more advantageous in balancing the metabolic flux and optimal cell physiological recovery. In this review, various chemicals co‐produced with microbial lipids are classified according to their cell location. Efficient strategies, including the fermentation process and genetic engineering for regulating and enhancing such co‐production systems, are comprehensively discussed. The prospective and challenges during the scale‐up of lipids and valuable chemicals co‐production process are also highlighted. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Teeth reveal juvenile diet, health and neurotoxicant exposure retrospectively: What biological rhythms and chemical records tell us
Authors: Smith Tanya M. , Cook Luisa , Dirks Wendy , Green Daniel R. , Austin Christine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntegrated developmental and elemental information in teeth provide a unique framework for documenting breastfeeding histories, physiological disruptions, and neurotoxicant exposure in humans and our primate relatives, including ancient hominins. Here we detail our method for detecting the consumption of mothers’ milk and exploring health history through the use of laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) mapping of sectioned nonhuman primate teeth. Calcium‐normalized barium and lead concentrations in tooth enamel and dentine may reflect milk and formula consumption with minimal modification during subsequent tooth mineralization, particularly in dentine. However, skeletal resorption during severe illness, and bioavailable metals in nonmilk foods, can complicate interpretations of nursing behavior. We show that explorations of the patterning of multiple elements may aid in the distinction of these important etiologies. Targeted studies of skeletal chemistry, gastrointestinal maturation, and the dietary bioavailability of metals are needed to optimize these unique records of human health and behavior.
Immunostimulatory Activity of Polysaccharides Extracted from Celosia cristata Flowers
Authors: Park Jin‐Su , Han Jun‐Hyuk , Jung Lee Sue , Shin Kwang‐Soon , Kim Yon‐Suk , Kang Ju‐Hui , Lee Se‐Bin , Kang Tae‐Bong , Lee Kwang‐Ho 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMacrophages play a major role in innate immune responses by producing a variety of immune mediators and cytokines. The stimulation of macrophages by natural products may lead to an enhanced innate immune system. This study evaluated the immunostimulatory effects of a polysaccharide‐rich crude fraction of Celosia cristata L. flowers (CCP) on murine macrophages. CCP treatment induced the production of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase‐2, and cytokines by macrophages. Mechanistically, the activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinases, NF‐κB and toll‐like receptor 4 were found to be associated with the stimulatory functions of CCP. CCP was found to be primarily composed of galacturonic acid and glucose in addition to small amounts of arabinose and galactose. This study demonstrated that CCP may enhance the innate immune responses and potentially improve the immune functions in the body.
Outcome of PCI with Xience versus other commonly used modern drug eluting stents: A SCAAR report
Authors: Grimfjärd Per , Bergman Elin , Buccheri Sergio , Erlinge David , Lagerqvist Bo , Svennblad Bodil , Völz Sebastian , Angerås Oskar , James Stefan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo analyze the clinical outcome of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using the Xience drug eluting stent (DES) versus other modern DES.MethodsThis retrospective study based on the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry (SCAAR) analyzed the outcome of PCI using Xience versus other commonly used modern DES, 2007 to 2017. The primary outcome measure was a combination of all‐cause death, myocardial infarction (MI) and revascularisation with PCI. Angiographical outcome measures were in‐stent restenosis (ISR) and stent thrombosis (ST).ResultsRates of the primary outcome measure for Xience and other DES were 31.9% and 28.2% respectively, adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.99 (95% CI 0.95–1.03). Crude rates of ISR were 2.9% versus 2.1% over 4.3 and 2.9 years respectively, adjusted HR 0.93 (95% CI 0.81–1.06). Crude rates of ST were 0.9% versus 0.7%, adjusted HR 1.07 (95% CI 0.82–1.39). Results were consistent in all sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsThis nationally complete, real‐world study confirms that Xience is a safe and effective DES with low‐event rates of ISR and ST. Compared with a control group containing a large proportion of thinner strut stents and absorbable polymers, Xience exhibits similar results in all important clinical endpoints.
Efficient and Spatially Controlled Functionalization of SBA‐15 and Initial Results in Asymmetric Rh‐Catalyzed 1,2‐Additions under Confinement
Authors: Beurer Ann‐Katrin , Kirchhof Manuel , Bruckner Johanna R. , Frey Wolfgang , Baro Angelika , Dyballa Michael , Giesselmann Frank , Laschat Sabine , Traa Yvonne 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSelectively functionalized mesoporous silica may considerably advance heterogeneous catalysis through the controlled immobilization of highly selective complex catalysts inside the mesopores. However, spatially controlled functionalization and the precise analytical verification are still a challenge. In this publication, we report a method, which ensures a selective functionalization of the mesopore surface with a clickable linker and thus makes it possible to study confinement effects during catalyzed reactions. First, we passivate the silanol groups on the particle surface and in the pore entrances of the mesoporous silica material SBA‐15 with 1,1,1‐trimethyl‐N‐(trimethylsilyl)silanamine. Then we remove the template by solvent extraction and functionalize the pore walls with 3‐azidopropyltriethoxysilane before we click the catalyst. In initial experiments of asymmetric Rh‐catalyzed 1,2‐addition, we investigate the performance of a catalyst clicked selectively in the mesopores and compare it to the dissolved catalyst as well as to the catalyst immobilized exclusively on the external surface of SBA‐15.
Hierarchical CuCo2S4 Nanoflake Arrays Grown on Carbon Cloth: A Remarkable Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Ren Can , Chen Yajie , Du Lizhi , Wang Qi , Li Longge , Tian Guohui 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFabricating self‐supporting electrocatalysts with double functions for overall water splitting is a promising strategy for clean energy generation. Herein, spinel‐based CuCo2S4 nanoflakes were grown vertically on carbon cloth (CC) substrate to obtain hierarchical self‐supporting CuCo2S4/CC electrocatalysts through a hydrothermal process. The influence of hydrothermal time on the surface morphology and electrocatalytic properties of the CuCo2S4/CC was investigated. The rational synthetic approach can significantly reduce the diffusion path and promote the transfer of charge. As a result, the optimized CuCo2S4/CC exhibits a significantly higher electrocatalytic activity than the control single metal sulfide catalysts (CoS1.097/CC and CuS/CC) in 1.0 M KOH solution, and relatively overpotentials of 204 and 280 mV are demanded to generate a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction, respectively. The significantly enhanced electrocatalytic activity benefits from the synergetic effect of the fast charge transport and abundant catalytic active sites. Moreover, in an overall water splitting system, a two‐electrode setup constructed using CuCo2S4/CC as both cathode and anode shows a low voltage of 1.58 V at 10 mA cm−2 and high durability. This study provides a rational strategy for improving the overall water splitting performance by constructing self‐supporting spinel‐based catalysts.
Evaluation of the summer slump application of saflufenacil on nondormant conventional alfalfa
Authors: Devkota Pratap , Bachie Oli G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an important crop for the low desert region of southwestern United States. A field study was conducted to evaluate tolerance of established nondormant conventional alfalfa to saflufenacil applied during the summer slump. Treatments consisted of saflufenacil applied alone at 0.7 or 1.4 oz ac−1, or saflufenacil at 0.7 oz ac−1 tank‐mixed with imazamox, bromoxynil, or metribuzin at 0.8, 6.0, or 16.0 oz ac−1, respectively. Methylated seed oil (as surfactant) and ammonium sulfate (as adjuvant) were tank‐mixed at 1 and 2.5% (v/v), respectively, to each herbicide treatment. At 2 d after treatment, alfalfa injury from saflufenacil at the lower rate was lowest (21%); whereas the injury was highest (48%) from saflufenacil plus bromoxynil treatment. The alfalfa injury progressed for 2 wk after treatment (WAT) and was >36% for all treatments except for saflufenacil at the lower rate. Crop recovery was observed about 2 WAT and minimal injury (<3%) occurred at 4 WAT. Alfalfa height was similar across herbicide treatments and the weed‐free (non‐treated) control. At 4 WAT, average alfalfa height for all treatments was 11 inches or greater. The alfalfa injury observed during the initial weeks did not translate into biomass yield reduction. Accordingly, there was no significant difference in alfalfa biomass yield among the treatments. Overall, alfalfa biomass yield was 0.57 and 0.47 ton ac−1 or greater at 4 WAT (1st cutting) and 8 WAT (2nd cutting), respectively, after herbicide application. Our results illustrate that saflufenacil and its tank‐mix with imazamox, bromoxynil, or metribuzin caused injury to nondormant conventional alfalfa during early weeks, but alfalfa recovered by 2 wk after herbicide application without height and biomass yield reduction.