bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of moderate and late preterm birth on neurodevelopment, brain development and respiratory health at school age: protocol for a longitudinal cohort study (LaPrem study)
Authors: Cheong Jeanie , Cameron Kate Lillian Iona , Thompson Deanne , Anderson Peter J , Ranganathan Sarath , Clark Ross , Mentiplay Benjamin , Burnett Alice , Lee Katherine , Doyle Lex William , Spittle Alicia J 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionChildren born moderate to late preterm (MLP, 32–36 weeks’ gestation) account for approximately 85% of all preterm births globally. Compared with children born at term, children born MLP are at increased risk of poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. Despite making up the largest group of preterm children, developmental outcomes of children born MLP are less well studied than in other preterm groups. This study aimed to (1) compare neurodevelopmental, respiratory health and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes between children born MLP and term at 9 years of age; (2) examine the differences in brain growth trajectory from infancy to 9 years between children born MLP and term; and in children born MLP; (3) examine the relationship between brain development and neurodevelopment at 9 years; and (4) identify risk factors for poorer outcomes at 9 years.Methods and analysisThe ”LaPrem” (LatePretermMRI Study) study is a longitudinal cohort study of children born MLP and term controls, born at the Royal Women’s Hospital in Melbourne, Australia, between 2010 and 2013. Participants were recruited in the neonatal period and were previously followed up at 2 and 5 years. This 9-year school-age follow-up includes neuropsychology, motor and physical activities, and lung function assessments, as well as brain MRI. Outcomes at 9 years will be compared between birth groups using linear and logistic regressions. Trajectories of brain development will be compared between birth groups using mixed effects models. The relationships between MRI and neurodevelopmental outcomes, as well as other early predictors of poor 9-year outcomes, will be explored using linear and logistic regression.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the human research ethics committee at the Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia. Study outcomes will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and social media.
The relationship between obesity, hemoglobin A1c and the severity of COVID-19 at an urban tertiary care center in New York City: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Randhawa Gurchetan , Syed Kunzah A , Singh Kavish , Kundal Sanchit V , Oli Sharad , Silver Michael , Syed Sumrah A , Suban Na Ayutthaya Thanunthorn , Williams Shanado , Lodato Zachary L , Rozvadovskiy Vladimir , Kamholz Stephan , Wolf Lawrence 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesTo determine if obesity and diabetes are risk factors for severe outcomes in COVID-19 and to compare patient outcomes in those two conditions.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingUrban tertiary care center in New York City.Participants302 patients admitted in an inpatient setting, ≥18 years old, with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 via nasal PCR swab were randomly selected. Patients were separated into two cohorts based on their body mass index and hemoglobin A1c. 150 patients were placed in the non-obese, non-diabetic cohort and 152 patients were placed in the corresponding cohort (obesity alone, obesity and diabetes, and diabetes alone).MeasurementsPrimary outcomes were development of acute kidney injury, commencement of renal replacement therapy, aminotransferase elevation, troponin elevation, lactic acidosis, development of septic shock, use of vasopressors, presence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and intubation. The secondary outcomes were length of stay in days and mortality.ResultsPatients with obesity and/or diabetes were more likely to develop ARDS (79 patients vs 57 patients, p<0.0001) and to be intubated (71 patients vs 45 patients, p=0.0031). Patients with obesity and/or diabetes were more likely to require vasopressors (60 patients vs 41 patients, p=0.0284) and to develop lactic acidosis (median 3.15 mmol/L, IQR 1.8 to 5.2 mmol/L, p=0.0432). When comparing patients with diabetes with and without obesity against patients with obesity alone, they were more likely to develop ARDS (87.5%, p=0.0305). Despite these findings, there was no difference in mortality.ConclusionsIn patients hospitalised with COVID-19, those with obesity and/or diabetes were more likely to suffer severe complications, but had negligible differences in mortality. This highlights the importance of close monitoring of patients with these conditions and additional areas of research needed to explain the mortality findings.
Uncertainty and the reporting of intellectual disability on death certificates: a cross-sectional study of US mortality data from 2005 to 2017
Authors: Landes Scott D , Turk Margaret A , Bisesti Erin 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate whether uncertainty surrounding the death is associated with the inaccurate reporting of intellectual disability as the underlying cause of death.DesignNational Vital Statistics System 2005–2017 US Multiple Cause-of-Death Mortality files.SettingUSA.ParticipantsAdults with an intellectual disability reported on their death certificate, aged 18 and over at the time of death. The study population included 26 555 adults who died in their state of residence between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2017.Primary outcome and measuresDecedents with intellectual disability reported on their death certificate were identified using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision code for intellectual disability (F70–79). Bivariate analysis and multilevel logistic regression models were used to investigate whether individual-level and state-level characteristics indicative of increased uncertainty at the time of death were associated with the inaccurate reporting of intellectual disability as the underlying cause of death.ResultsInaccurate reporting of intellectual disability as the underlying cause of death was associated with sociodemographic characteristics, death context characteristics and comorbidities indicative of an increased amount of uncertainty surrounding the death. Most striking were increased odds of having intellectual disability reported as the underlying cause of death for decedents who had a choking event (OR=14.7; 95% CI 12.9 to 16.6, p<0.001), an external cause of death associated with a high degree of uncertainty, reported on their death certificate.ConclusionIt is imperative that medical personnel not let increased uncertainty lead to the inaccurate reporting of intellectual disability as the underlying cause of death as this practice obscures cause of death trends for this population. Instead, even in instances when increased uncertainty surrounds the death, certifiers should strive to accurately identify the disease or injury causing death, and report the disability in Part II of the death certificate.
The Lipiodol Uterine Bathing Effect to Improve Fertility May Include Uterine Natural Killer Cell Up-regulation in the Endometrium
Authors: Johnson N. P. , Baidya S. , Jessup S. O. , Muthukaruppan A. , Hadden W. E. , Hull M. L. , Mehta S. , Shelling A. N. , Print C. G. , Chamley L. W. 
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND: Lipiodol has a dramatic short term fertility enhancing effect for women with endometriosis. Microarray studies have shown transcriptomic regulation of molecular markers of endometrial inflammation, most notably a consistent down-regulation of endometrial osteopontin. We further explored the endometrial bathing effect of lipiodol on leukocyte expression in endometrium. METHODS: A cohort of four women, nested within a randomised trial of twelve women assessing the lipiodol uterine bathing effect, was studied as an ‘own control’ group, with their mid-luteal endometrium assessed before and after endometrial lipiodol exposure. Pipelle endometrial sampling allowed endometrial assessment by immunochemistry. Endometrial tissue samples were assessed by immunochemistry for total CD45+ leukocytes, CD68+ macrophages, CD3+ T-cells and CD56+ uterine natural killer cells. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant increase in the mean density of uterine natural killer cells in the endometrium of women post-lipiodol. No other significant differences were found in the mean densities of all leukocytes, macrophages or T cells in the endometrium of women post-lipiodol. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary data further support the concept of a uterine bathing effect of lipiodol. Whether the increase in the mean density of uterine natural killer cells in the endometrium might contribute to an improvement in endometrial receptivity to embryo implantation merits further investigation.
The Existence of Least Energy Sign-Changing Solution for Kirchhoff-Type Problem with Potential Vanishing at Infinity
Authors: Xiao Ting , Gan Canlin , Zhang Qiongfen 
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we study the Kirchhoff-type equation:

−

a
+
b

∫

ℝ

3

∇
u

2

d
x

Δ
u
+
V

x

u
=
Q

x

f

u

,
in

ℝ

3

,

where

a

,

b
>
0

,

f
∈

C

1

ℝ

3

,
ℝ

, and

V
,
Q
∈

C

1

ℝ

3

,

ℝ

+

.

V

x

and

Q

x

are vanishing at infinity. With the aid of the quantitative deformation lemma and constraint variational method, we prove the existence of a sign-changing solution

u

to the above equation. Moreover, we obtain that the sign-changing solution

u

has exactly two nodal domains. Our results can be seen as an improvement of the previous literature.
Antimicrobial Activity of Thermocycled Polymethyl Methacrylate Resin Reinforced with Titanium Dioxide and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Giti Rashin , Zomorodian Kamiar , Firouzmandi Maryam , Zareshahrabadi Zahra , Rahmannasab Sedigheh 
Published: January 2021

Aims. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 2.5% and 7.5% copper oxide (CuO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on the antimicrobial activity of thermocycled polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base material against standard strains of yeast and bacteria species. Material and Methods. In this in vitro study, 150 disk-shaped (10 × 2 mm) specimens of heat-cured PMMA were prepared and divided into five groups (n = 30) to be reinforced with 2.5% CuO, 7.5% CuO, 2.5% TiO2, or 7.5% TiO2 nanoparticles and a control group (without nanoparticle). The specimens were thermocycled, and their antimicrobial activity was assessed against standard strains of yeast including Candida albicans and C. dubliniensis and oral bacteria species including Streptococcus mutans, S. sobrinus, S. salivarius, and S. sanguis. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc tests (α = 0.05). Results. Both concentrations of CuO and TiO2 nanoparticles had significant antimicrobial activity against S. salivarius, S. sanguis, and C. dubliniensis compared with the control group (

P

< 0.05). Significant differences existed between both 2.5% (

P

= 0.006) and 7.5% CuO (

P

= 0.005) and the control group against S. mutans. However, TiO2 groups were not significantly different from the control group against S. mutans. Concerning C. albicans, 7.5% TiO2 was the only nanoparticle with significantly higher antimicrobial activity compared with the control group (

P

= 0.043). Conclusions. Both concentrations of CuO and TiO2 were effective antimicrobial agents against S. salivarius, S. sanguis, and C. dubliniensis, and the concentration of CuO was effective against S. mutans. Yet, TiO2 was not much effective. Regarding C. albicans, only 7.5% TiO2 showed efficient antimicrobial activity.
A First Reading of the Anhui University Bamboo-Slip Shi Jing
Authors: Shaughnessy (夏含夷) Edward L. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In September, 2019, Anhui University published the first volume of Warring States bamboo-slip manuscripts in its collection. The bamboo slips were purchased by the university in 2015 on the antique market. This volume contains ninety-three slips that correspond with all of or portions of fifty-seven poems in the Guo feng 國風 (Airs of the States) section of the Shi jing 詩經 (Classic of Poetry). The manuscript is written in the script of the ancient state of Chu 楚, and thus presumably was robbed from a tomb somewhere in the territory of that state. This preliminary study of the manuscript presents close readings of six representative poems, comparing the versions in the manuscript with those of the received text. It concludes with consideration of how to understand the textual variants apparent in the manuscript, and also the significance of the manuscript for the composition and especially the transmission of the Shi jing in the pre-Qin period.
Misplacement, Re-Edition or Funerary Object: On the Textual Features of the Anhui Shijing Manuscript and Its Value
Authors: Cao (曹建國) Jianguo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
There are numerous discrepancies between the Anhui University Shijing Manuscript and Mao Shi 毛詩. These discrepancies are not due to misplacement or re-editing, but result from the use of the Anda Shijing as a funerary object. However, this is not to discredit the significance of the Anda Shijing, which still has exegetical, philological, hermeneutical and paleographical value.
A Re-examination of the Controversy over the Oral and Written Nature of the Classic of Poetry’s Early Transmission, Based on the Anhui University Manuscript
Authors: Jiang (蔣文) Wen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Based on the newly discovered Anhui University manuscript, the paper re-examines the controversy over the oral and written nature of the Classic of Poetry’s early transmission. The paper argues that the Anda Shi jing serves to prove, first, that at the time of the manuscript (mid-Warring States period), or even earlier, the Shi jing was already not only an independent text, but had already been written down, and second, that the Anda Shi jing is a “manuscript,” and what is more there are various traces showing that it was a “copy,” such that it could not have been produced in an oral context.
Some Minor Insights from Reading the Anhui University Warring States Bamboo Slips of the Classic of Poetry
Authors: Chen (陳鴻森) Hung-sen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article discusses three topics. First, it discusses the line “I could not fill my slanting basket” 不盈頃筐 in the poem “Juan er” 卷耳. The Anhui University Bamboo Slip version’s qing 頃 (slanting) is written . This, as with the Chu Silk Manuscript character, should be explained as qi 攲 (lopsided). Second, regarding the line “Do you not understand me?” 不諒人只 in the poem “Bai zhou” 柏舟 of the Yong Airs 鄘風 section, the Anhui University Bamboo Slip version of liang 諒 (understanding) is written jing 京. This character should be understood as qiang 強 in the sense of “coerce/force” 強迫. In the line “Supporting King Wu” 涼彼武王 in the poem “Da ming” 大明 of the Major Elegantiae 大雅, liang 涼 is similarly explained as 強 in the sense of “coerce” 威強. These two characters have always been traditionally glossed as either “trust” 信 or “assist” 佐. Third, regarding the line “… it cannot be recited” 不可讀也 of the poem “Qiang you ci” 牆有茨, du 讀 (reciting) in the Han Poetry 韓詩 is glossed in the sense of “record and narrate” 記述, which is superior to the traditional gloss.
A Reconstruction of the Text of the Poem “You Bi” of the Liturgies of Lu Section of the Classic of Poetry
Authors: Liu (劉剛) Gang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
When ancient texts copied repeated words, they commonly used the notation = to represent it; successive repeated words written as A=B= could be read as either AABB or as ABAB. In Pre-Qin manuscripts unearthed in recent years, there have been examples in which these duplication marks can also be read multiple times. Referring to this usage of duplication marks, I raise several hypotheses regarding the poem “You bi” 有駜 (There are Stout Steeds) in the Liturgies of Lu section of the Classic of Poetry, suggesting that the lines 振振鷺，鷺于下 and 振振鷺，鷺于飛 in the first two stanzas of the poem would have been written in early manuscripts as 振=鷺=于下 and 振=鷺=于飛. 振= 鷺=于下 should be read as 振鷺振鷺，振鷺于下 “Flapping egrets, flapping egrets, Flapping egrets are there below,” and 振=鷺=于飛 should be read as 振鷺振鷺，  振鷺于飛 “Flapping egrets, flapping egrets, Flapping egrets are taking flight.” On the basis of this, I attempt a reconstruction of the original text of “You bi.”
The Shortage of Trauma Surgeons in the US
Authors: Elkbuli Adel , Sutherland Mason , Sanchez Carol , Liu Huazhi , Ang Darwin , McKenney Mark 
Published: January 2021

Background As the United States (US) population increases, the demand for more trauma surgeons (TSs) will increase. There are no recent studies comparing the TS density temporally and geographically. We aim to evaluate the density and distribution of TSs by state and region and its impact on trauma patient mortality. Methods A retrospective cohort analysis of the American Medical Association Physician Masterfile (PM), 2016 US Census Bureau, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC’s) Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS) to determine TS density. TS density was calculated by dividing the number of TSs per 1 000 000 population at the state level, and divided by 500 admissions at the regional level. Trauma-related mortality by state was obtained through the CDC’s WISQARS database, which allowed us to estimate trauma mortality per 100 000 population. Results From 2007 to 2014, the net increase of TS was 3160 but only a net increase of 124 TSs from 2014 to 2020. Overall, the US has 12.58 TSs/1 000 000 population. TS density plateaued from 2014 to 2020. 33% of states have a TS density of 6-10/1 000 000 population, 43% have a density of 10-15, 12% have 15-20, and 12% have a density >20. The Northeast has the highest density of TSs per region (2.95/500 admissions), while the Midwest had the lowest (1.93/500 admissions). Conclusion The density of TSs in the US varies geographically, has plateaued nationally, and has implications on trauma patient mortality. Future studies should further investigate causes of the TS shortage and implement institutional and educational interventions to properly distribute TSs across the US and reduce geographic disparities.
Readmission After Surgical Resection for Colon and Rectal Cancers: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Khan Sidrah , Kaltenmeier Christof , Hrebinko Katherine , Nassour Ibrahim , Hoehn Richard S , Medich David S , Zureikat Amer , Tohme Samer 
Published: January 2021

Background Colorectal adenocarcinoma is a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, often requiring patients to undergo anatomy-altering surgical interventions leading to increased postoperative readmission. Hospital readmission rates have been correlated with increased mortality. Therefore, it is important to understand the association between 30-day readmission rates and mortality as well as the factors associated with increased readmission rates. Study Design This is a retrospective review utilizing data from the National Cancer Database. Our primary outcomes of interest were 30- and 90-day mortality rates. Our primary independent variable of interest was 30-day readmission. Results Between 2010 and 2016, 207 299 patients underwent surgery for rectal cancer and 754 895 for colon cancer. The readmission rates within 30 days of discharge were 5.4% and 5.5% for patients after surgery for rectal or colon cancer, respectively. 30-day readmission was not associated with 30-day mortality, but it was independently associated with increased 90-day mortality and inferior long-term survival for both cohorts ( P = .001). Independent risk factors significantly associated with increased readmission included race, non-private insurance, and low income. Conclusion This study provides a large, up-to-date, and comprehensive analysis of readmission rates for colon and rectal cancers. We demonstrate that socioeconomic factors are associated with increased 30-day readmission. 30-day readmission is also independently associated with increased 90-day mortality as well as lower overall survival rates. Our study supports the need for implementation of programs that support patients of lower socioeconomic status undergoing surgery to further decrease readmission rates and mortality.
REBOA Use, Practices, Characteristics, and Implementations Across Various US Trauma Centers
Authors: Sutherland Mason , Shepherd Aaron , Kinslow Kyle , McKenney Mark , Elkbuli Adel 
Published: January 2021

Background Hemorrhage accounts for >30% of trauma-related mortalities. Use of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) for temporary hemostasis in the civilian population remains controversial. We aim to investigate REBOA practices through analysis of surgeon and trauma center characteristics, implementation, patient characteristics, and overall opinions. Methods An anonymous 30-question standardized online survey on REBOA use was administered to active trauma surgeon members of the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma. Results A total of 345 responses were received, and 130/345 (37.7%) reported REBOA being favorable, 42 (12.2%) reported REBOA unfavorably, and 173 (50.1%) were undecided. The majority of respondents (87.6%) reported REBOA performance in the trauma bay. 170 (49.3%) of respondents reported having deployed REBOA at least once over the past 2 years. 80.0% reported blunt trauma being the most common mechanism of injury in REBOA patients. Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta deployment in zone 3 of the aorta was significantly higher in patients reported to suffer a pelvic fracture or pelvic hemorrhage, whereas REBOA deployment in zone 1 was significantly higher among patients reported to suffer hepatic, splenic, or other intra-abdominal hemorrhage ( P < .05). Conclusion Among survey respondents, frequency of REBOA use was low along with knowledge of clear indications for use. While current REBOA usage among respondents appeared to model current guidelines, additional research regarding REBOA indications, ideal patient populations, and outcomes is needed in order to improve REBOA perception in trauma surgeons and increase frequency of use.