bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efeitos de retardantes de fogo sobre a emergência e crescimento inicial de <i>Handroanthus ochraceus</i> (cham.) Mattos e <i>Tabebuia roseoalba</i> (Ridl.) Sandwith
Authors: Ximenez Elen Silma Oliveira Cruz , Silva Andréa Carvalho da , Souza Adilson Pacheco de , Silva Kalisto Natam Carneiro , Aragão Wesley Filipe Dutra Ximenes , Nogueira Herculis 
Published: April 2021

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de retardantes de fogo de curta duração e de um polímero hidrorretentor sobre a emergência e crescimento inicial de Handroanthus ochraceus e Tabebuia roseoalba, em condições de ambiente protegido. Foram realizadas aplicações via substrato na semeadura e com intervalos quinzenais, dos seguintes retardantes de fogo e concentrações: Phos-Chek WD881® (0; 3,00; 6,00; 8,00; 10,00 mL L-1), Hold Fire® (0; 7,00; 9,00; 12,00; 15,00 mL L-1), e polímero hidrorretentor Nutrigel® (0, 0,25; 0,50; 0,75; 1,00 g L-1), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 10 repetições por tratamento. Nas concentrações iguais a 0, utilizou-se apenas água. A emergência das plântulas foi avaliada por meio do índice de velocidade de emergência, porcentagem e tempo médio de emergência. Realizaram-se análises de crescimento destrutivas aos 30, 45, 60, 90 e 120 dias após a semeadura (DAS), enquanto as análises de fluorescência da clorofila a foram realizadas em três plantas por tratamento, a partir de 60 DAS. As concentrações testadas de Phos-Chek WD881, Hold Fire e Nutrigel não influenciaram na emergência das plântulas das espécies Handroanthus ochraceus e Tabebuia roseoalba. Aplicações de Phos-Chek WD881 até 5,00mL L-1 propiciam efeitos positivos sobre o crescimento das duas espécies. Concentrações de Hold Fire até 8,00 mL L-1 favorecem o crescimento inicial de Tabebuia roseoalba. O crescimento em diâmetro de Handroanthus ochraceus apresenta resposta positiva a partir de 9,60 mL L-1 quando submetido ao retardante Hold Fire. O intervalo de 0,50 g L-1 a 0,88 g L-1do polímero hidrorretentor Nutrigel promove o crescimento em diâmetro das duas espécies. A fluorescência da clorofila a indica que ocorreu pleno funcionamento da etapa fotoquímica no processo fotossintético de Handroanthus ochraceus e Tabebuia roseoalba na presença dos retardantes de fogo e do polímero hidroretentor.
Parasitic density and ornithochoric potential of wild birds: preliminary results of a research and extension project carried out in a reforestation area at IFRJ Campus, Pinheiral, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Filho Sérgio Thode , Franco Heider Alves , Jorge Emanuele Nunes de Lima Figueiredo , Oliveira Mariana De Souza , De Oliveira Jhon Lennon Genovez , Andrade Lucas De Assis Silva , Ferreira Carlos Nei Ortúzar , Abreu Saulo Tavares , Maronezi Carla , Oliveira Águida Aparecida de , De Lima Viviane Moreira , Ferreira Ildemar , Berto Bruno Pereira 
Published: April 2021

This publication aims to disseminate to the scientific community and society in general, the project of the same title of this publication that is under development by the collaboration of the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ) and the Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de aneiro (UFRRJ). Briefly, this project aims to quantify and identify parasites of the body surface (ectoparasites) and intestinal parasites (enteroparasites) of wild birds, which should be related to their biological and ecological conditions, and to evaluate the dispersal seed process performed by birds (ornithocoria), the viability and development of these seeds and thus establish the degree of importance of ornithocoria in reforestation at the IFRJ campus of Pinheiral, RJ. The project includes the integration of five doctoral professors, a laboratory technician doctor, as well as a postdoctoral student, four doctoral students, one master student, two undergraduate students and four technical high school students. To date, six expeditions have been made in the reforestation area of the Espaço Ecológico Educativo (EEcoE) of the IFRJ campus in Pinheiral, RJ, where a total of 196 wild birds have been captured, evaluated, ringed and recorded at the Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Aves Silvestres (CEMAVE), of which 29 were recaptured for revaluations. Four articles were published on the themes of parasitology and ornithochory in wild birds. Two practical short courses in the area of study were taught in September 2018 and February 2019 to IFRJ students, but open to the scientific community and society at large. Currently the project is not expected to end, since there are plenty of unpublished and relevant results in both the area of parasitology and ornithochory of wild birds.
Graphene Oxide Mimics Biological Signaling Cue to Rescue Starving Bacteria
Authors: Jackman Joshua A. , Yoon Bo Kyeong , Mokrzecka Natalia , Kohli Gurjeet Singh , Valle‐González Elba R. , Zhu Xinyi , Pumera Martin , Rice Scott A. , Cho Nam‐Joon 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThere is extensive debate about how 2D nanomaterials such as graphene oxide (GO) affect bacteria. Various effects of GO are proposed, including bacterial growth inhibition or enhancement, killing, and no activity. Herein, we report that GO protects Staphylococcus aureus bacterial cells from death in starvation conditions with up to a 1000‐fold improvement in cell viability. Transcriptomic profiling reveals that bacterial cells in starvation conditions generally shut down metabolic activity, while only cells incubated with GO increase production of specific enzymes involved in the glyoxalase detoxification pathway along with repressed autolysis. The oxygen‐containing functional groups of GO resemble the molecular structure of methylglyoxal, which bacteria produce to adapt to nutrient imbalances and is detoxified by glyoxalase enzymes. The ability of GO to enable bacterial cell survival in starvation conditions and accompanying cellular responses support that bacterial cells perceive GO as a methylglyoxal‐mimicking nanomaterial cue to reshuffle cellular metabolism and defenses.
Development and implementation of a novel Web‐based gaming application to enhance emergency medical technician knowledge in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Lindquist Benjamin , Gaiha Shivani M. , Vasudevan Arjun , Dooher Sean , Leggio William , Mulkerin William , Zozula Alexander , Strehlow Matthew , Sebok‐Syer Stefanie S. , Mahadevan Swaminatha V. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing access to high‐quality emergency and prehospital care is an important priority in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). However, ensuring that emergency medical technicians (EMTs) maintain their clinical knowledge and proficiency with procedural skills is challenging, as continuing education requirements are still being introduced, and clinical instructional efforts need strengthening. We describe the development and implementation of an innovative asynchronous learning tool for EMTs in the form of a Web‐based trivia game.MethodsOver 500 case‐based multiple‐choice questions (covering 10 essential prehospital content areas) were created by experts in prehospital education, piloted with EMT educators from LMICs, and delivered to EMTs through a Web‐based quiz game platform over a 12‐week period. We enrolled 252 participants from nine countries.ResultsThirty‐two participants (12.7%) completed the entire 12‐week game. Participants who completed the game were administered a survey with a 100% response rate. Ninety‐three percent of participants used their mobile phone to access the game. Overall, participants reported that the interface was easy to use (93.8% agreed or strongly agreed), the game improved their knowledge (100% agreed or strongly agreed), and they felt better prepared for their jobs (100% agreed or strongly agreed). The primary motivators for participation were improving patient care (37.5%) and being recognized on the game's leaderboard (31.3%). All participants reported that they would engage in the game again (43.8% agreed and 56.3% strongly agreed) and would recommend the game to their colleagues (34.4% agreed and 65.6% strongly agreed).ConclusionsIn conclusion, a quiz game targeting EMT learners from LMICs was viewed as accessible and effective by participants. Future efforts should focus on increasing retention and trialing languages in addition to English.
Late‐Stage Heteroarylation of Hetero(aryl)sulfonium Salts Activated by α‐Amino Alkyl Radicals
Authors: Alvarez Eva Maria , Karl Teresa , Berger Florian , Torkowski Luca , Ritter Tobias 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe report a late‐stage heteroarylation of aryl sulfonium salts through activation with α‐amino alkyl radicals in a mechanistically distinct approach from previously reported halogen‐atom transfer (XAT). The new mode of activation of aryl sulfonium salts proceeds in the absence of light and photoredox catalysts, engaging a wide range of hetarenes. Furthermore, we demonstrate the applicability of this methodology in synthetically useful cross‐coupling transformations.
Observing a Zeolite Nucleus (Subcrystal) with a Uniform Framework Structure and Its Oriented Attachment without Single‐Molecule Addition
Authors: Sheng Zhizheng , Li He , Du Ke , Gao Lou , Ju Jing , Zhang Yahong , Tang Yi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMultiple and complex crystallization process of zeolite including complementary single‐molecule condensation and particle assembly, and alternately dominant nucleation and growth behavior, plays the critical role in zeolite crystallization but meanwhile makes us hard to study the respective effects. Herein, we strip nuclei from the synthetic solution and find that high‐ordered nucleus (subcrystal) is the premise to ignite high‐speed growth of zeolite crystal. The high‐ordered subcrystals with the size of only 6–10 nm possess regular aperture structure and microporous area similar to zeolite nanocrystal. Interestingly, a unitary oriented aggregation process of the subcrystals towards nanosheets is well observed and characterized where single‐molecule addition process is greatly repressed. If a wider range of zeotype nuclei can be expanded, a new synthetic strategy of zeotype materials with heterogeneous framework and active sites may be expected, which may novelize zeolite catalytic properties.
Differential impacts of social influence on initial and sustained participation in open source software projects
Authors: Yang Xuan , Li Xiao , Hu Daning , Wang Harry Jiannan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSocial networking tools and visible information about developer activities on open source software (OSS) development platforms can leverage developers' social influence to attract more participation from their peers. However, the differential impacts of such social influence on developers' initial and sustained participation behaviors were largely overlooked in previous research. We empirically studied the impacts of two social influence mechanisms—word‐of‐mouth (WOM) and observational learning (OL)—on these two types of participation, using data collected from a large OSS development platform called Open Hub. We found that action (OL) speaks louder than words (WOM) with regard to sustained participation. Moreover, project age positively moderates the impacts of social influence on both types of participation. For projects with a higher average workload, the impacts of OL are reduced on initial participation but are increased on sustained participation. Our study provides a better understanding of how social influence affects OSS developers' participation behaviors. It also offers important practical implications for designing software development platforms that can leverage social influence to attract more initial and sustained participation.
Time‐based investigation of urinary metabolic markers for Type 2 diabetes: Metabolomics approach for diabetes management
Authors: Hanafy Moataz M. , Lindeque Jeremie Z. , El‐Maraghy Shohda A. , Abdel‐Hamid Abdel‐Hamid Z. , Shahin Nancy N. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDiabetes is considered one of the most important health emergencies worldwide and Egypt has 8.2 million diabetic patients according to the International Diabetes Federation report in 2017. The objective of this study was to monitor the time‐course variation in the metabolic profile of diabetic rats to detect urinary metabolic biomarkers using the metabolomics approach. Type 2 diabetes was induced in male Wistar albino rats using a single intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/kg of streptozotocin following oral administration of 10% fructose in drinking water for 3 weeks. Then, urine was collected for 24 h from rats at three time points (0, 2, and 4 weeks after confirmation of diabetes), and were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (H1‐NMR), followed by multivariate data analysis. The results from H1‐NMR pointed out that d‐glucose, taurine, l‐carnitine, l‐fucose, 1,5‐anhydrosorbitol, and d‐galactose levels showed consistent significant variation (p < 0.05) between the positive (diabetic) and negative (normal) controls during the whole experimental period. Also, with the disease progression, myoinositol, and l‐phenylalanine levels were significantly altered (p < 0.05) after 2 weeks and this alteration was maintained till the end of the 4‐week experimental period in the positive control group. From the results of the present study, it could be concluded that we cannot depend only on glucose levels for prognostic purposes since there are other metabolic disturbances in diabetes which need to be tracked for better disease prognosis.
Synthesis and Properties of Spiro‐double Sila[7]helicene: The LUMO Spiro‐conjugation
Authors: Terada Nozomi , Uematsu Keisuke , Higuchi Ryota , Tokimaru Yuki , Sato Yosuke , Nakano Koji , Nozaki Kyoko 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA double helicene with a spiro‐Si linker (4) was synthesized by four successive nucleophilic substitutions on SiCl4. Its (P,P), (M,M) and (P,M) isomers were isolated and characterized by single crystal X‐ray analysis. Due to the central spirosilabi[fluorene] moiety, the two helicene units in 4 are symmetrically and nearly perpendicularly arranged. (P,P)‐4 and (M,M)‐4 exhibit unique optical properties attributable to the LUMO spiro‐conjugation between the two sila[7]helicene units.
Expression of cell markers and transcription factors in the avian retina compared with that in the marmoset retina
Authors: Haverkamp Silke , Albert László , Balaji Vaishnavi , Němec Pavel , Dedek Karin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the vertebrate retina, amacrine and ganglion cells represent the most diverse cell classes. They can be classified into different cell types by several features, such as morphology, light responses, and gene expression profile. Although birds possess high visual acuity (similar to primates that we used here for comparison) and tetrachromatic color vision, data on the expression of transcription factors in retinal ganglion cells of birds are largely missing. In this study, we tested various transcription factors, known to label subpopulations of cells in mammalian retinae, in two avian species: the common buzzard (Buteo buteo), a raptor with exceptional acuity, and the domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica), a good navigator and widely used model for visual cognition. Staining for the transcription factors Foxp2, Satb1 and Satb2 labeled most ganglion cells in the avian ganglion cell layer. CtBP2 was established as marker for displaced amacrine cells, which allowed us to reliably distinguish ganglion cells from displaced amacrine cells and assess their densities in buzzard and pigeon. When we additionally compared the temporal and central fovea of the buzzard with the fovea of primates, we found that the cellular organization in the pits was different in primates and raptors. In summary, we demonstrate that the expression of transcription factors is a defining feature of cell types not only in the retina of mammals but also in the retina of birds. The markers, which we have established, may provide useful tools for more detailed studies on the retinal circuitry of these highly visual animals.
Association between somatostatin analogues and diabetes mellitus in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor patients: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results‐Medicare analysis of 5235 patients
Authors: Ni Katherine , Yang Jeong Yun , Baeg Kiwoon , Leiter Amanda C. , Mhango Grace , Gallagher Emily J. , Wisnivesky Juan P. , Kim Michelle K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundGastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP‐NETs) are increasingly common malignancies and tend to have favorable long‐term prognoses. Somatostatin analogues (SSA) are a first‐line treatment for many NETs. Short‐term experiments suggest an association between SSAs and hyperglycemia. However, it is unknown whether there is a relationship between SSAs and clinically significant hyperglycemia causing development of diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic condition with significant morbidity and mortality.AimIn this study, we aimed to compare risk of developing DM in patients treated with SSA vs no SSA treatment.Methods and ResultsUsing the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and linked Medicare claims (1991‐2016), we identified patients age 65+ with no prior DM diagnosis and a GEP‐NET in the stomach, small intestine, appendix, colon, rectum, or pancreas. We used χ2 tests to compare SSA‐treated and SSA‐untreated patients and multivariable Cox regression to assess risk factors for developing DM. Among 8464 GEP‐NET patients, 5235 patients had no prior DM and were included for analysis. Of these, 784 (15%) patients received SSAs. In multivariable analysis, the hazard ratio of developing DM with SSA treatment was 1.19, which was not statistically significant (95% CI 0.95‐1.49). Significant risk factors for DM included black race, Hispanic ethnicity, prior pancreatic surgery, prior chemotherapy, tumor size >2 cm, pancreas tumors, and higher Charlson scores.ConclusionDM was very common in GEP‐NET patients, affecting 53% of our cohort. Despite prior studies suggesting an association between SSAs and hyperglycemia, our analysis found similar risk of DM in SSA‐treated and SSA‐untreated GEP‐NET patients. Further studies are needed to better understand this relationship. As NET patients have increasingly prolonged survival, it is crucial to identify chronic conditions such as DM that these patients may be at elevated risk for.
Do Inhibitory Metabolites Impact DDI Risk Assessment? Analysis of in vitro and in vivo Data from NDA Reviews Between 2013 and 2018
Authors: Steinbronn Claire , Yang Xinning , Yu Jingjing , Dimova Hristina , Huang Shiew‐Mei , Ragueneau‐Majlessi Isabelle , Isoherranen Nina 
Published: April 2021

Evaluating the potential of new drugs and their metabolites to cause drug‐drug interactions (DDIs) is critical for understanding drug safety and efficacy. Although multiple analyses of proprietary metabolite testing data have been published, no systematic analyses of metabolite data collected according to current testing criteria have been conducted. To address this knowledge gap, 120 new molecular entities approved between 2013 and 2018 were reviewed. Comprehensive data on metabolite‐to‐parent area under the curve ratios (AUCM/AUCP), inhibitory potency of parent and metabolites, and clinical DDIs were collected. Sixty‐four percent of the metabolites quantified in vivo had AUCM/AUCP ≥ 0.25 and 75% of these metabolites were tested for cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibition in vitro, resulting in 15 metabolites with potential DDI risk identification. Although 50% of the metabolites with AUCM/AUCP < 0.25 were also tested in vitro, none of them showed meaningful CYP inhibition potential. The metabolite percentage of plasma total radioactivity cutoff of ≥ 10% did not appear to add value to metabolite testing strategies. No relationship between metabolite versus parent drug polarity and inhibition potency was observed. Comparison of metabolite and parent maximum concentration (Cmax) divided by inhibition constant (Ki) values suggested that metabolites can contribute to in vivo DDIs and, hence, quantitative prediction of clinical DDI magnitude may require both parent and metabolite data. This systematic analysis of metabolite data for newly approved drugs supports an AUCM/AUCP cutoff of ≥ 0.25 to warrant metabolite in vitro CYP screening to adequately characterize metabolite inhibitory DDI potential and support quantitative DDI predictions.
Bayesian Phylogeographic Analysis Incorporating Predictors and Individual Travel Histories in BEAST
Authors: Hong Samuel L. , Lemey Philippe , Suchard Marc A. , Baele Guy 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAdvances in sequencing technologies have tremendously reduced the time and costs associated with sequence generation, making genomic data an important asset for routine public health practices. Within this context, phylogenetic and phylogeographic inference has become a popular method to study disease transmission. In a Bayesian context, these approaches have the benefit of accommodating phylogenetic uncertainty, and popular implementations provide the possibility to parameterize the transition rates between locations as a function of epidemiological and ecological data to reconstruct spatial spread while simultaneously identifying the main factors impacting the spatial spread dynamics. Recent developments enable researchers to make use of travel history data of infected individuals in the reconstruction of pathogen spread, offering increased inference accuracy and mitigating sampling bias. Here, we describe a detailed workflow to reconstruct the spatial spread of a pathogen through Bayesian phylogeographic analysis in discrete space using these novel approaches, implemented in BEAST. The individual protocols focus on how to incorporate molecular data, covariates of spread, and individual travel history data into the analysis. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Creating a SARS‐CoV‐2 MSA using sequences from GISAIDBasic Protocol 2: Setting up a discrete trait phylogeographic reconstruction in BEAUtiBasic Protocol 3: Phylogeographic reconstruction incorporating travel history informationBasic Protocol 4: Visualizing ancestral spatial trajectories for specific taxa
Sustainability Assessment of Mechanochemistry by Using the Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry
Authors: Ardila‐Fierro Karen J. , Hernández José G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn recent years, mechanochemistry has been growing into a widely accepted alternative for chemical synthesis. In addition to their efficiency and practicality, mechanochemical reactions are also recognized for their sustainability. The association between mechanochemistry and Green Chemistry often originates from the solvent‐free nature of most mechanochemical protocols, which can reduce waste production. However, mechanochemistry satisfies more than one of the Principles of Green Chemistry. In this Review we will present a series of examples that will clearly illustrate how mechanochemistry can significantly contribute to the fulfillment of Green Chemistry in a more holistic manner.