bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intact archeological human bones and age at death studied with transmission x‐ray diffraction and small angle x‐ray scattering
Authors: Park Jun‐Sung , Laugesen Malene , Mays Simon , Birkedal Henrik , Almer Jonathan D. , Stock Stuart R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHigh‐energy, wide‐angle x‐ray scattering (WAXS, x‐ray diffraction) and small‐angle x‐ray scattering (SAXS) were used to study intact human second metacarpal bones (mc2) from two UK archeological sites. A novel method correcting for irregular mass distribution was applied in these transmission geometry experiments done at beamline 1‐ID of the Advanced Photon Source. The authors asked whether there were age‐at‐death‐related changes in carbonated apatite (cAp) lattice parameters and whether SAXS could detect collagen D‐period peaks in the archeological mc2. For each of the two sites, Ancaster and Wharram Percy in England, six female mc2s were studied; for each site, two were from each of three age‐at‐death cohorts (young, 18–29 years; middle, 30–49 years; old ≥50 years) along with a modern control mc2. The Rietveld method was applied to the WAXS patterns to provide precise lattice parameter values. The cAp lattice parameters did not correlate with age‐at‐death estimated from dental wear. From WAXS and the 00.2 diffraction peak widths, four archeological mc2s possessed coherently scattering domain lengths (crystallite c‐axis sizes) that matched that of the modern mc2; SAXS revealed the same four archeological mc2 had D‐period peak intensities equivalent to that of the modern mc2. The other eight archeological mc2s had significantly larger crystallite sizes (than the modern mc2) and weak or absent D‐period peaks, differences attributed to diagenetic changes. Based on these data, the authors suggest that WAXS 00.2 peak width and SAXS D‐period peak intensity can be used with intact bones to select those likely to retain largely unaltered tissue nanostructure, which might be required for other analyses. Taken as a whole, the results suggest detecting age‐related deterioration in nanostructural features may be difficult in bone showing significant bioerosion.
First case of juvenile primary bone malignant neoplasm in ancient China: A skeleton from the Northern Wei Dynasty (386–534 CE)
Authors: You Sen , Li Mocen , Hou Xiaogang , Li Pengzhen , Sun Yang , Zhang Quanchao , Wang Qian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDiscoveries of juvenile primary bone malignant neoplasm have been rare in archaeological settings. This study presents the first case as such from ancient China. An individual (M799) aged 14–17 years from the Dongxin cemetery of the Northern Wei Dynasty (386–534 CE), Datong, Shanxi Province, was found with signs of the bone malignant neoplasm. The skeleton of the juvenile was macroscopically examined with the aid of computed tomography imaging. Results demonstrated that a bony outgrowth was found on the distal one third of the diaphysis of the left femur; both osteoblastic and osteolytic processes were present on the lesion (about 148 mm long), and the highly dense and lobulated exophytic mass protruded about 50 mm from the posterior aspect of the diaphysis. A periosteal new bone reaction was found on the adjacent cortex while the medullary cavity was invaded by the lesion. Osteosarcoma was considered the most likely diagnosis, with differential diagnoses of Ewing sarcoma and chondrosarcoma. Otherwise, the disease had no asymmetric effect on femoral length. This rare case enriches our knowledge on the paleoepidemiological patterns of osteosarcoma and other malignant neoplasms from the past.
Fixed‐time synchronization of stochastic complex networks with Markov jump and mixed delays via adaptive non‐chattering control
Authors: Liu Yu , Liu Ming , Xu Xiaofeng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this article, the fixed‐time synchronization problem for stochastic complex networks (CNs) with Markov jump and mixed delays is investigated. Compared with fixed‐time synchronization of stochastic CNs in existing literature, the fixed‐time synchronization for stochastic CNs with Markov jump and mixed delays is studied for the first time, which is of better significance. Utilizing the Lyapunov method, under the framework of adaptive non‐chattering control, some fixed‐time synchronization conditions are derived. Besides, from the results of the convergence time, the convergence time obtained by the fixed‐time synchronization studied in this article does not depend on the initial value of the system, but is only related to the control parameters. Eventually, a numerical example is also carried out to demonstrate the practicability and validity of our proposed results. Furthermore, a secure communication synchronization problem is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained results.
Management of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation population: A systematic review
Authors: Loecher Alyssa M. , West Kathleen , Quinn Timothy D. , Defayette Aubrey A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPulmonary complications post‐hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) such as diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) can occur in 2% to 14% of HSCT patients and have a mortality greater than 80%. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage is considered to be an inflammatory response; therefore, HSCT patients are primarily treated with different types of systemic corticosteroids with varying dosages. Other treatments currently reported in the literature in conjunction with corticosteroids include aminocaproic acid, recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa), and etanercept. This review highlights appropriate frontline and adjunctive treatment options for HSCT patients with DAH and outcomes for each intervention. To perform the review, the PubMed database was searched from inception through March 19, 2021, to identify potential studies using the search terms DAH and HSCT, DAH and hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT), DAH and stem cell, lung injury and HSCT, and lung injury and HCT. When applicable, references from articles identified in the search were also reviewed for inclusion. Much of the data identified were limited to retrospective cohort studies and case series. Based on the data available, the treatment approach should consist of corticosteroid therapy with a suggested methylprednisolone dose of 250 mg daily followed by a 50% taper every 3 days. Intrapulmonary administration of rFVIIa and intravenous administration of aminocaproic acid could be considered as adjunctive agents in those patients who do not promptly respond to corticosteroid therapy. Due to a lack of data specific to HSCT patients who develop DAH and the risk of infectious complications, etanercept should be avoided. Future studies should be designed as randomized controlled trials and examine the use of adjunctive therapies in the upfront setting for HSCT patients with DAH.
Genome features of common vetch (Vicia sativa) in natural habitats
Authors: Shirasawa Kenta , Kosugi Shunichi , Sasaki Kazuhiro , Ghelfi Andrea , Okazaki Koei , Toyoda Atsushi , Hirakawa Hideki , Isobe Sachiko 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWild plants are often tolerant to biotic and abiotic stresses in their natural environments, whereas domesticated plants such as crops frequently lack such resilience. This difference is thought to be due to the high levels of genome heterozygosity in wild plant populations and the low levels of heterozygosity in domesticated crop species. In this study, common vetch (Vicia sativa) was used as a model to examine this hypothesis. The common vetch genome (2n = 14) was estimated as 1.8 Gb in size. Genome sequencing produced a reference assembly that spanned 1.5 Gb, from which 31,146 genes were predicted. Using this sequence as a reference, 24,118 single nucleotide polymorphisms were discovered in 1243 plants from 12 natural common vetch populations in Japan. Common vetch genomes exhibited high heterozygosity at the population level, with lower levels of heterozygosity observed at specific genome regions. Such patterns of heterozygosity are thought to be essential for adaptation to different environments. The resources generated in this study will provide insights into de novo domestication of wild plants and agricultural enhancement.
Proton‐pumping pyrophosphatase homeolog expression is a dynamic trait in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Menadue Daniel Jamie , Riboni Matteo , Baumann Ute , Schilling Rhiannon Kate , Plett Darren Craig , Roy Stuart John 
Published: October 2021

AbstractProton‐pumping pyrophosphatases (H+‐PPases) have been shown to enhance biomass and yield. However, to date, there has been little work towards identify genes encoding H+‐PPases in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) (TaVPs) and limited knowledge on how the expression of these genes varies across different growth stages and tissue types. In this study, the IWGSC database was used to identify two novel TaVP genes, TaVP4 and TaVP5, and elucidate the complete homeolog sequences of the three known TaVP genes, bringing the total number of bread wheat TaVPs from 9 to 15. Gene expression levels of each TaVP homeolog were assessed using quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) in four diverse wheat varieties in terms of phenotypic traits related to high vacuolar pyrophosphatase expression. Homeolog expression was analyzed across multiple tissue types and developmental stages. Expression levels of the TaVP homeologs were found to vary significantly between varieties, tissues and plant developmental stages. During early development (Z10 and Z13), expressions of TaVP1 and TaVP2 homeologs were higher in shoot tissue than root tissue, with both shoot and root expression increasing in later developmental stages (Z22). TaVP2‐D was expressed in all varieties and tissue types and was the most highly expressed homeolog at all developmental stages. Expression of the TaVP3 homeologs was restricted to developing grain (Z75), while TaVP4 homeolog expression was higher at Z22 than earlier developmental stages. Variation in TaVP4B was detected among varieties at Z22 and Z75, with Buck Atlantico (high biomass) and Scout (elite Australian cultivar) having the highest levels of expression. These findings offer a comprehensive overview of the bread wheat H+‐PPase family and identify variation in TaVP homeolog expression that will be of use to improve the growth, yield, and abiotic stress tolerance of bread wheat.
Applications of plasma synthesized ZnO, TiO2, and Zn/TiOx nanoparticles for making antimicrobial wound‐healing viscose patches
Authors: Sirotkin Nikolay , Khlyustova Anna , Costerin Dmitry , Naumova Irina , Titov Valeriy , Agafonov Alexander 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, an environment‐friendly, energy‐saving, and useful synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs), titanium oxide (TiO2) NPs, and mixed Zn/TiOx‐NPs was achieved using underwater pulse discharge plasma. The obtained NPs were characterized by UV spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. In the discharge cell, the viscose patch is impregnated with ZnO, TiO2, and mixed Zn/TiOx‐NPs in a one‐step process. The adhesive patch is effective against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus albicans, and Bacillus subtilis. The viscose patch containing 0.22% Zn/TiOx‐NPs demonstrated the highest antimicrobial activity. These antimicrobial patches can be used to treat and cover wounds susceptible to infection.
Fluid overload in children with pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Leow Esther H. , Wong Judith J.‐M. , Mok Yee H. , Hornik Christoph P. , Ng Yong H. , Lee Jan H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the association of cumulative fluid overload (FO) up to 14 days from the diagnosis of pediatric acute respiratory syndrome (PARDS) with pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) mortality, 28‐day mechanical ventilation free days (VFD), and 28‐day intensive care unit free days (IFD). We hypothesized that fluid overload, even beyond the acute period, would be associated with increased morbidity and mortality.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of PARDS patients admitted to PICU from 2009 to 2015. For repeated admissions, we considered the admission with the highest oxygenation index (OI). Daily FO (%) was calculated as (intake − output)/weight at PICU admission × 100. Peak cumulative FO (CFO) was the highest CFO from the diagnosis of PARDS to Day 14 or to PICU discharge or mortality, whichever was earliest. Rate to peak CFO was the peak CFO divided by the number of days to reach that highest CFO. The association of FO with mortality, VFD and IFD were analyzed with logistic and linear regression models, with the following covariates: Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 score, PARDS severity, and the presence of acute kidney injury (AKI).ResultsThere were 165 patients included in this study, with a mortality rate of 45.5% (75/165), median age 3.2 years (interquartile range [IQR] 0.7–9.9) and OI 15.8 (IQR 9.5–27.9). Seventy‐three (44.2%) patients had severe PARDS and 64 (38.8%) had AKI. AKI (aOR [adjusted odds ratio] 3.19, 95% CI [confidence interval] 1.43–7.09, p = 0.004) and rate to peak cumulative FO (aOR 1.23, 95% CI 1.07–1.42, p = 0.004) were associated with mortality. AKI and peak cumulative FO were associated with decreased VFD and IFD.ConclusionThe rate to peak CFO over the first 14 days of PARDS was associated with mortality and peak CFO was associated with decreased VFD and IFD.
A successive convex optimization method for bilinear matrix inequality problems and its application to static output‐feedback control
Authors: Ren Yingying , Li Qing , Liu Kang‐Zhi , Ding Da‐Wei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article explores a successive convex optimization method for solving a class of nonconvex programming problems subject to bilinear matrix inequality (BMI) constraints. In particular, many control issues can be boiled down to BMI problems, which are typically NP‐hard. To get out of the predicament, we propose a more relaxed feasible set to approximate the original one, based on which a local optimization algorithm is developed and its convergence is analyzed. As a case of application, we consider static output‐feedback control for uncertain systems with disturbances in restricted frequency intervals. In order to strengthen the disturbance‐rejection capability over the given frequency range, we establish sufficient and necessary analysis conditions via the generalized Kalman‐Yakubovich‐Popov lemma, under which the homogeneous polynomially parameter‐dependent technique is adopted to facilitate the design. Finally, several examples are given to demonstrate the efficiency of the results.
Robust passivity‐based control design for active nonlinear suspension system
Authors: Hao Sheng , Yamashita Yuh , Kobayashi Koichi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this article, we propose a novel interconnection and damping assignment passivity‐based control (IDA‐PBC) design for a quarter car nonlinear active suspension system. As an energy shaping method, IDA‐PBC is suitable for applying the main concept of skyhook (SH) control. In addition to the damping term, we utilize the characteristics of the energy shaping method to change the sprung and unsprung masses, thereby strengthening the vibration suppression effect. An IDA‐PBC‐based controller design for an active suspension system, which includes a nonlinear spring, a nonlinear damper, and mass uncertainty, is proposed. Different from most IDA‐PBC applications, which tend to control the position or the velocity, our methods focus on transforming a nonlinear suspension system into a desired linear system with ideal aseismatic properties. Unlike a conventional controller using the SH control strategy, we design a virtual vehicle body and an unsprung mass in addition to the damper coefficients. By deriving the port‐Hamiltonian form of the suspension system from its dynamics and rewriting it based on the relative coordinates, we obtain a feedback law that only uses the relative displacement and velocity of the suspension system. We derive the conditions for ensuring the global asymptotical stability of the suspension system and propose the guidelines for parameter selection that can guarantee robust stability against parameter uncertainties.
Evaluating soil quality status of fluvisols at the regional scale: A multidisciplinary approach crossing multiple variables
Authors: Rodrigo‐Comino Jesús , Keshavarzi Ali , Senciales‐González José M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRivers condition natural and human ecosystems, providing fertile soils and water for irrigation and consumption in rural and urban uses. However, the intensification of human activities and inherent environmental conditions (e.g., topography, slope or climate) are changing the sustainability of fluvial soil ecosystems. This is problematic, especially in the Mediterranean belt, because of a lack of studies at the regional scale that evaluates soils traditionally associated with rivers such as the “Fluvisols” (IUSS‐WRB). Therefore, the main aim of this paper is to understand the current status of fluvial soils in the Málaga province (Southern Spain) within the Mediterranean belt considering: (1) different thematic maps; (2) soil profiles; and (3) a soil quality index. Fluvisols of the region were assessed using fieldwork, extensive soil data sources and soil profiles including specific information on soil physicochemical properties and crossing environmental conditions. A total of 195.22 km2 of fluvisols can be found in Málaga. About 42.5% of the fluvisols are used for human activities such as agriculture (rainfed and irrigation fields, or woody crops such as olives or vineyards), mining, industries and services, urban areas or reservoirs. More than 58% of the fluvisols are located in the warmest territories registering the highest evapotranspiration rates and lowest rainfall amount. The soil quality index reaches lower scores for the fluvisols having mean values of 0.58 (1 = maximum possible score). We conclude that the characterization from a regional scale shed light on the current status of the fluvisols and possible responses against human impacts and river evolution dynamics.
The salmon‐peloton: Hydraulic habitat shifts of adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) due to behavioural thermoregulation
Authors: O'Sullivan Antóin M. , Linnansaari Tommi , Leavitt Jaime , Samways Kurt M. , Kurylyk Barret L. , Curry R. Allen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn recent decades, there has been an increase in conservation and restoration projects targeting Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar – AS), as populations in eastern Canada decline. Missing however, is an understanding of thermo‐hydraulic habitat use by adult AS during summer, and thus the actual benefits of altering in‐river physical structures. Here, we illustrated how optical and thermal infrared (TIR) imagery acquired from a UAV can be used in concert with in‐situ depth and velocity data to map adult AS and develop models of thermo‐hydraulic habitats in the Miramichi River, New Brunswick. We found during normal temperature conditions (<19°C) boulder proximity, depth, velocity, and Froude number, a non‐dimensional hydraulic metric, were key parameters that characterized adult AS habitat. However, during behavioural thermoregulation events (>19°C), proximity to the cool thermal plume and Froude number were critical controls on habitat use. We also observed AS forming a distinct geometric formation during behavioural thermoregulation events, and term this formation a “thermal‐peloton”; in reference to competitive cycling in which groups of cyclists pack together. The primary function of the peloton is undoubtedly to reduce thermally induced stressed; however, we conceptualize that the geometry of the peloton attenuates hydraulic‐drag, and reduces the energetic expenditure of individuals practicing behavioural thermoregulation. These data provide a blue print for Atlantic salmon restoration work. The use of UAV‐based sensors has the potential to initiate a paradigm shift for river sciences.
Precision aggregated local models
Authors: Edwards Adam M. , Gramacy Robert B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLarge‐scale Gaussian process (GP) regression is infeasible for large training data due to cubic scaling of flops and quadratic storage involved in working with covariance matrices. Remedies in recent literature focus on divide‐and‐conquer, for example, partitioning into subproblems and inducing functional (and thus computational) independence. Such approximations can be speedy, accurate, and sometimes even more flexible than ordinary GPs. However, a big downside is loss of continuity at partition boundaries. Modern methods like local approximate GPs (LAGPs) imply effectively infinite partitioning and are thus both good and bad in this regard. Model averaging, an alternative to divide‐and‐conquer, can maintain absolute continuity but often over‐smooths, diminishing accuracy. Here we propose putting LAGP‐like methods into a local experts‐like framework, blending partition‐based speed with model‐averaging continuity, as a flagship example of what we call precision aggregated local models (PALM). Using LAGPs, each selecting from total data pairs, our scheme is at most cubic in , quadratic in , and linear in . Extensive empirical illustration shows how PALM is at least as accurate as LAGP, can be much faster, and furnishes continuous predictions. Finally, we propose sequential updating scheme that greedily refines a PALM predictor up to a computational budget.
Photothermal Structural Dynamics of Au Nanofurnace for In Situ Enhancement in Desorption and Ionization
Authors: Kim Moon‐Ju , Yun Tae Gyeong , Noh Joo‐Yoon , Kang Min‐Jung , Pyun Jae‐Chul 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFundamental properties of nanostructured substrates govern the performance of laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI‐MS); however, limited studies have elucidated the desorption/ionization mechanism based on the physicochemical properties of substrates. Herein, the enhancement in desorption/ionization is investigated using a hybrid matrix of Au nanoisland‐functionalized ZnO nanotubes (AuNI‐ZNTs). The underlying origin is explored in terms of the photo‐electronic and ‐thermal properties of the matrix. This is the first study to report the effect of laser‐induced surface restructuring/melting phenomenon on the LDI‐MS performance. AuNI plays a central role as a photothermal nanofurnace, which facilitates the internal energy transfer from the AuNI to the adsorbed analytes by reconstruction in the structurally dynamic AuNI and therefore favors the desorption process. Moreover, piezoelectricity is driven in situ in the AuNI‐ZNT hybrid, which modulates the overall band structure and thereby promotes the ionization process. Ultimately, high LDI‐MS performance is demonstrated by analyzing small metabolites of fatty acids and monosaccharides, which are challenged to be detected in conventional LDI‐MS. This study emphasizing the understanding of matrix properties can provide insights into the design and development of a novel nanomaterial as an efficient LDI matrix. Furthermore, the developed hybrid matrix can overcome the major hurdles existing in conventional LDI‐MS.