bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cold ion chemistry within a Rydberg-electron orbit: test of the spectator role of the Rydberg electron in the He(n) + CO → C(n′) + O + He reaction
Authors: Martins Fernanda B V , Zhelyazkova Valentina , Seiler Christian , Merkt Frédéric 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Recently, a new method has been introduced to study ion-molecule reactions at very low collision energies, down to below k
B ⋅ 1 K (Allmendinger et al 2016 ChemPhysChem
17 3596). To eliminate the acceleration of the ions by stray electric fields in the reaction volume, the reactions are observed within the orbit of a Rydberg electron with large principal quantum number n > 20. This electron is assumed not to influence the reaction taking place between the ion core and the neutral molecules. This assumption is tested here with the example of the He(n) + CO → C(n′) + O + He reaction, which is expected to be equivalent to the He+ + CO → C+ + O + He reaction, using a merged-beam approach enabling measurements of relative reaction rates for collision energies E
coll in the range from 0 to about k
B ⋅ 25 K with a collision-energy resolution of ∼k
B ⋅ 200 mK at E
coll = 0. In contrast to the other ion-molecule reactions studied so far with this method, the atomic ion product (C+) is in its electronic ground state and does not have rotational and vibrational degrees of freedom so that the corresponding Rydberg product [C(n′)] cannot decay by autoionization. Consequently, one can investigate whether the principal quantum number is effectively conserved, as would be expected in the spectator Rydberg-electron model. We measure the distribution of principal quantum numbers of the reactant He(n) and product C(n′) Rydberg atoms by pulsed-field ionization following initial preparation of He(n) in states with n values between 30 and 45 and observe that the principal quantum number of the Rydberg electron is conserved during the reaction. This observation indicates that the Rydberg electron is not affected by the reaction, from which we can conclude that it does not affect the reaction either. This conclusion is strengthened by measurements of the collision-energy-dependent reaction yields at n = 30, 35 and 40, which exhibit the same behavior, i.e. a marked decrease below E
coll ≈ k
B ⋅ 5 K.
Effects of Different Types of Organic Fertilizer on Biomass Yield, Bioactive Compounds and Heavy Metals Contents of Phyllanthus Niruri
Authors: Zahidah A R , Rosenani A B , Hajar A S , Nozulaidi N M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This research aimed to study the effects of different types and rates of organic fertilizer on biomass yield, bioactive compounds, and heavy metals content of Phyllanthus niruri. Two types of organic fertilizers (animal-based and plant-based) with five different rates (0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 kg N ha−1) were used in this study. There was an interaction between fertilizer types and rates on biomass yield, heavy metals content, and bioactive compounds. Plants are grown with 400 kg N ha−1 of animal-based fertilizer, and plant-based fertilizer produced the highest fresh biomass. However, phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin concentrations of P. niruri were not affected by applying animal-based and plant-based fertilizers at all rates. In addition, Cd and Pb concentrations also decreased with the increasing rate of organic fertilizer and were below the Malaysia Permissible Levels (MPLs). Therefore, animal-based fertilizer at 400 kg N ha−1 was selected as the optimum rate due to its reduced heavy metal concentration in plants and higher phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin yield.
Integrated teaching of college English reading and writing under the background of big data
Authors: Sun Yangzi , Liu Chen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
At present, reading and writing are divided into two independent courses in English teaching at most universities. According to the views of many scholars at home and abroad, it is more efficient to learn a language through integration of input and output, which advocates the integrated teaching of English reading and writing. The purpose of this paper is to verify whether the integration of reading and writing is helpful to the improvement of college students' ability through comparative experiment and random sampling method, and put forward an integrated learning mode of online reading and writing based on data algorithm. The main content of this paper is to elaborate the current situation of mobile reading and mobile writing in the era of big data, and then extract two groups of college students with similar learning conditions from two universities for empirical analysis, to study the differences in students' performance through comparison in the traditional reading and writing teaching mode and the new mode of integration of reading and writing teaching, and finally put forward the application of clustering algorithm based on K-Modes under the background of big data English learning scoring system, so that students can learn independently and efficiently on the Internet. The experiment shows that the average score of students in the integration of reading and writing is generally higher than that in traditional teaching. Under the integration of reading and writing, the students' reading accuracy is as high as 90%, which is 10% higher than that in the traditional way, and the score of writing is 5 points higher than that in the traditional way.
Application of BP neural network technology on dynamic financial risk prediction
Authors: Lin Huijuan , Liu Jianfei , Lu Songmin , Li Zhuohui 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This work mainly studied the application of BP neural network technology. Based on the crisis early warning of listed real estate companies at home and abroad, this study used BP neural network method to determine the corporate governance indicators of crisis enterprises from eight aspects, such as profitability, solvency, operation ability, development ability, cash flow, risk, etc. This work took the real estate listed companies as the research object and put forward eight early warning indicators. Traditional early warning models have low fault tolerance, and most of them are static early warning. In this study, the innovation point is that the BP neural network model has the ability of self-learning and adjustment, strong risk identification and fault tolerance, and can cope with the changeable financial risk environment of real estate enterprises. BP neural network model can analyze problems through self-learning and training, and has strong nonlinear mapping ability. It is feasible to construct financial risk early warning model of real estate listed enterprises.
Improving Recruitment, Retention, and Cultural Saliency of Health Promotion Efforts Targeting African American Men: A Scoping Review
Authors: Wippold Guillermo M , Frary Sarah Grace , Abshire Demetrius A , Wilson Dawn K 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
When health promotion efforts intend to include African American men, they experience challenges with recruitment and retention, in addition to limited cultural saliency—interventions that do not align the cultural preferences and experiences of the target population produce less effective results.

Purpose
This scoping review provides an understanding of (a) how health promotion efforts among African American men are developed and implemented, in addition to the (b) main outcomes, (c) retention rates, and (d) methodological rigor of those efforts.

Methods
The following databases were used: PubMed, EMBASE (Ovid), PsycINFO (EBSCO), CINAHL (EBSCO), Web of Science (Clarivate), and ProQuest. Included studies were restricted to those: (a) conducted among African American men and (b) reported the effects of a health promotion intervention. Interventions using single-group pre–post study, post-test-only study, non-randomized controlled trial, and randomized controlled trial (RCT) study designs were included.

Results
The results indicate that varying degrees of customization in the design and implementation of health promotion efforts targeting African American can improve recruitment, retention, and health-related outcomes. Results draw attention to the need for community input when designing and implementing efforts targeting these men.

Conclusions
These results indicate that opportunities exist to innovate health promotion efforts among African American men, such as the intentional incorporation of the community’s values, perspectives, and preferences in the effort (i.e., cultural saliency) and explicitly indicating how the efforts were culturally tailored to improve saliency. Opportunities also exist to innovate health promotion efforts among African American men based on literature-derived best practices.
Morpho-anatomical affinities and evolutionary relationships of three paleoendemic podocarp genera based on seed cone traits
Authors: Khan Raees , Hill Robert S 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsThe three relict genera Pherosphaera, Microcachrys and Saxegothaea in Podocarpaceae produce quite distinct seed cone types in comparison with other genera and do not form a clade along with Acmopyle. The detailed seed cone morpho-anatomy of these three relict genera and affinities with other podocarps are poorly known. This study aims to understand the seed cone morpho-anatomy and affinities among these three disjunct relict genera and with other podocarps.MethodsWe comparatively analysed the seed cone morpho-anatomical traits of the three podocarps genera and used ancestral state reconstruction to understand the evolution of these traits.Key ResultsWe described the seed cone morpho-anatomical structures of the three relict genera in detail. The three genera produce aggregated multiovulate cones. Both Microcachrys and Saxegothaea have an asymmetrical free cup-like epimatium. Both species of Pherosphaera lack an epimatium. The ancestral state reconstruction implies that the presence of an epimatium is an ancestral trait in podocarps and is independently lost in Pherosphaera and Phyllocladus. The seed cones are fleshy in Microcachrys and non-fleshy in Saxegothaea and Pherosphaera. The seed cone macrofossils of both extinct and living podocarps also show the presence of an epimatium and fleshiness in podocarps.ConclusionsAltogether, the morpho-anatomy suggests that Pherosphaera, Microcachrys and Saxegothaea present affinities with each other and other podocarps, but the reconstruction of the ancestral seed cone in Podcarpaceae is quite complex due to multiple convergent evolutions of several structures. These structures (e.g. epimatium, aril and receptaculum) are of low taxonomic value but of great evolutionary and ecological significance, and are responsive adaptations to ever-changing environmental conditions.
Conditional immobilization for live imaging Caenorhabditis elegans using auxin-dependent protein depletion
Authors: Cahoon Cori K , Libuda Diana E 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The visualization of biological processes using fluorescent proteins and dyes in living organisms has enabled numerous scientific discoveries. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a widely used model organism for live imaging studies since the transparent nature of the worm enables imaging of nearly all tissues within a whole, intact animal. While current techniques are optimized to enable the immobilization of hermaphrodite worms for live imaging, many of these approaches fail to successfully restrain the smaller male worms. To enable live imaging of worms of both sexes, we developed a new genetic, conditional immobilization tool that uses the auxin-inducible degron (AID) system to immobilize both adult and larval hermaphrodite and male worms for live imaging. Based on chromosome location, mutant phenotype, and predicted germline consequence, we identified and AID-tagged three candidate genes (unc-18, unc-104, and unc-52). Strains with these AID-tagged genes were placed on auxin and tested for mobility and germline defects. Among the candidate genes, auxin-mediated depletion of UNC-18 caused significant immobilization of both hermaphrodite and male worms that was also partially reversible upon removal from auxin. Notably, we found that male worms require a higher concentration of auxin for a similar amount of immobilization as hermaphrodites, thereby suggesting a potential sex-specific difference in auxin absorption and/or processing. In both males and hermaphrodites, depletion of UNC-18 did not largely alter fertility, germline progression, nor meiotic recombination. Finally, we demonstrate that this new genetic tool can successfully immobilize both sexes enabling live imaging studies of sexually dimorphic features in C. elegans.
Genome and transcriptome analysis of the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua reveals targets for pest control
Authors: Simon Sabrina , Breeschoten Thijmen , Jansen Hans J , Dirks Ron P , Schranz M Eric , Ros Vera I D 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The genus Spodoptera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) includes some of the most infamous insect pests of cultivated plants including Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera litura, and Spodoptera exigua. To effectively develop targeted pest control strategies for diverse Spodoptera species, genomic resources are highly desired. To this aim, we provide the genome assembly and developmental transcriptome comprising all major life stages of S. exigua, the beet armyworm. Spodoptera exigua is a polyphagous herbivore that can feed on &gt; 130 host plants, including several economically important crops. The 419 Mb beet armyworm genome was sequenced from a female S. exigua pupa. Using a hybrid genome sequencing approach (Nanopore long-read data and Illumina short read), a high-quality genome assembly was achieved (N50 = 1.1 Mb). An official gene set (18,477 transcripts) was generated by automatic annotation and by using transcriptomic RNA-seq datasets of 18 S. exigua samples as supporting evidence. In-depth analyses of developmental stage-specific expression combined with gene tree analyses of identified homologous genes across Lepidoptera genomes revealed four potential genes of interest (three of them Spodoptera-specific) upregulated during first- and third-instar larval stages for targeted pest-outbreak management. The beet armyworm genome sequence and developmental transcriptome covering all major developmental stages provide critical insights into the biology of this devastating polyphagous insect pest species worldwide. In addition, comparative genomic analyses across Lepidoptera significantly advance our knowledge to further control other invasive Spodoptera species and reveals potential lineage-specific target genes for pest control strategies.
Genetic, morphometric, and molecular analyses of interspecies differences in head shape and hybrid developmental defects in the wasp genusNasonia
Authors: Cohen Lorna B , Jewell Rachel , Moody Dyese , Arsala Deanna , Werren John H , Lynch Jeremy A 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMales in the parasitoid wasp genus Nasonia have distinct, species-specific, head shapes. The availability of fertile hybrids among the species, along with obligate haploidy of males, facilitates analysis of complex gene interactions in development and evolution. Previous analyses showed that both the divergence in head shape between Nasonia vitripennis and Nasonia giraulti, and the head-specific developmental defects of F2 haploid hybrid males, are governed by multiple changes in networks of interacting genes. Here, we extend our understanding of the gene interactions that affect morphogenesis in male heads. Use of artificial diploid male hybrids shows that alleles mediating developmental defects are recessive, while there are diverse dominance relationships among other head shape traits. At the molecular level, the sex determination locus doublesex plays a major role in male head shape differences, but it is not the only important factor. Introgression of a giraulti region on chromsome 2 reveals a recessive locus that causes completely penetrant head clefting in both males and females in a vitripennis background. Finally, a third species (N. longicornis) was used to investigate the timing of genetic changes related to head morphology, revealing that most changes causing defects arose after the divergence of N. vitripennis from the other species, but prior to the divergence of N. giraulti and N. longicornis from each other. Our results demonstrate that developmental gene networks can be dissected using interspecies crosses in Nasonia, and set the stage for future fine-scale genetic dissection of both head shape and hybrid developmental defects.
Modelling tilt noise caused by atmospheric processes at long periods for several horizontal seismometers at BFO—a reprise
Authors: Zürn W , Forbriger T , Widmer-Schnidrig R , Duffner P , Ringler A T 
Published: September 2021

SUMMARY
Tilting of the ground due to loading by the variable atmosphere is known to corrupt very long period horizontal seismic records (below 10 mHz) even at the quietest stations. At BFO (Black Forest Observatory, SW-Germany), the opportunity arose to study these disturbances on a variety of simultaneously operated state-of-the-art broad-band sensors. A series of time windows with clear atmospherically caused effects was selected and attempts were made to model these ‘signals’ in a deterministic way. This was done by simultaneously least-squares fitting the locally recorded barometric pressure and its Hilbert transform to the ground accelerations in a bandpass between 100 and 3600 s periods. Variance reductions of up to 97 per cent were obtained. We show our results by combining the ‘specific pressure induced accelerations’ for the two horizontal components of the same sensor as vectors on a horizontal plane, one for direct pressure and one for its Hilbert transform. It turned out that at BFO the direct pressure effects are large, strongly position dependent and largely independent of atmospheric events for instruments installed on piers, while three post-hole sensors are only slightly affected. The infamous ‘cavity effects’ are invoked to be responsible for these large effects on the pier sensors. On the other hand, in the majority of cases all sensors showed very similar magnitudes and directions for the vectors obtained for the regression with the Hilbert transform, but highly variable from event to event especially in direction. Therefore, this direction most certainly has to do with the gradient of the pressure field moving over the station which causes a larger scale deformation of the crust. The observations are very consistent with these two fundamental mechanisms of how fluctuations of atmospheric surface pressure causes tilt noise. The results provide a sound basis for further improvements of the models for these mechanisms. The methods used here can already help to reduce atmospherically induced noise in long-period horizontal seismic records.
A record of the lower Mammoth geomagnetic polarity reversal from a marine succession in the Boso Peninsula, central Japan
Authors: Haneda Yuki , Okada Makoto 
Published: September 2021

SUMMARY
Palaeomagnetic records from geological archives provide significant information about the nature of geomagnetic polarity reversals; however, there are few detailed palaeomagnetic records of pre-Pleistocene reversals. The lower Mammoth Subchron boundary (late Pliocene) is recorded in a 10-m interval of a marine succession deposited at high accumulation rates (9–66 cm kyr–1) in the Boso Peninsula, central Japan. Here, we report a continuous palaeomagnetic record of the lower, normal to reverse boundary interval of the Mammoth Subchron, including the geomagnetic field direction and relative palaeointensity, with an average temporal resolution of ca. 800 yr. A hybrid method of thermal demagnetization at 200 °C and progressive alternating field demagnetization were used to effectively extract the primary palaeomagnetic component, which is carried by magnetite. The lower Mammoth transition is characterized by palaeomagnetic direction of instability and decay of the relative palaeointensity, and occurred from late Marine Isotope Stage MG3 (3351 ka) to MG2 (3336 ka) or MG1 (3331 ka), spanning 15–20 kyr. Virtual geomagnetic poles (VGPs), calculated from primary palaeomagnetic directions, rapidly rebounded twice from southern latitudes to northern latitudes within the transition. In contrast to the complex lower Mammoth reversal behaviour recorded in the Boso Peninsula succession, records from a lava sequence in O'ahu (Hawai'i) reveal a rebound following a 180° directional change, and those from a marl succession in Sicily (Italy) indicate a single rapid directional change. Diverse geomagnetic field evolution among these three sections is reflected resolution difference among the records likely in combination with an influence of non-axial dipole field.
Alcohol Consumption is Associated With An Increased Risk of Microscopic Colitis: Results From 2 Prospective US Cohort Studies
Authors: Niccum Blake , Casey Kevin , Burke Kristin , Lopes Emily W , Lochhead Paul , Ananthakrishnan Ashwin , Richter James M , Ludvigsson Jonas F , Chan Andrew T , Khalili Hamed 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
No dietary factors have yet been shown to conclusively impact the incidence of microscopic colitis (MC). Here, we sought to examine the relationship between alcohol intake and the risk of MC.

Methods
We conducted a prospective cohort study of 209,902 participants (age range, 28.5–66.7 years) enrolled in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and Nurses’ Health Study II (NHSII). Validated data on alcohol consumption were collected at baseline in 1986 in the NHS and 1991 in the NHSII and updated every 4 years. Diagnoses of MC were confirmed via review of histopathology data. We used Cox proportional hazards modeling to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results
Through 2016 in the NHS and 2017 in the NHSII, we confirmed 352 incident cases of MC over 4,994,324 person-years. Higher alcohol consumption was associated with an increased risk of MC (Ptrend &lt; .001). Compared to non-users, the aHRs of MC were 1.20 (95% CI, 0.86–1.67) for consumers of 0.1–4.9 g/day of alcohol, 1.90 (95% CI, 1.34–2.71) for consumers of 5–14.9 g/day, and 2.31 (95% CI, 1.54–3.46) for consumers of ≥15 g/day. The associations were consistent across the histologic subtypes of collagenous and lymphocytic colitis (Pheterogeneity = .523). When stratified by alcohol type, the risk according to every 2 servings/week appeared to be strongest with consumption of wine (aHR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.04–1.12) as compared to beer (aHR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.91–1.12) or liquor (aHR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.92–1.09).

Conclusions
Alcohol consumption was associated with an increased risk of MC. Further studies are needed to determine the mechanism underlying these associations, as well as the impact of reducing alcohol intake in patients with MC.