bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LINGUISTIC THOUGHT IN KHARKIV’S SPACE AS A FACTOR FOR THE FORMATION OF UKRAINIAN NATIONAL IDENTITY: SKOVORODA – POTEBNIA – SHEVELOV
Authors: Berezovenko Antonina 
Published: December 2024

The paper explores the development of linguistic thought in Kharkiv/Slobozhanshchyna. It takes into consideration the works of Hryhoriy Skovoroda, Olexander Potebnya and Yuriy Shevelov as a potential intellectual continuum that extends from the eighteenth to the twentieth century. Through the investigation of the linguistic ideas in the intellectual heritage of each one of these thinkers the article will also explore the correlation of these ideas with the development of the national consciousness of the Ukrainian people.
Methods. The proposed work uses content and discourse analysis of Skovoroda’s, Potebnya’s and Shevelyov’s texts. It also uses a) the descriptive-historical method by studying the evolution of the linguistic thought in the Kharkiv/Slobozhanshchyna area through the analysis of the three scholars’ system of views found in their texts and their related contextual environment; b) the method of systematizing and generalizing the specific features of linguistic consciousness and linguistic reflections of these thinkers.
Results. The concluded investigation revealed that the process of the development of linguistic thought in the Kharkiv /Slobozhanshchyna area appears to be a continuum that covers the XVIII, XIX and XX centuries. It shows that the content and the innovative nature of language-oriented views of the three thinkers can rightly be considered as a function of a relatively higher level of freedom as an essential characteristic of the cultural and historical landscape of Kharkiv and Slobozhanshchyna.
Along with the freedom of thought, anthropocentrism and humanism, a Ukrainocentrism and a general universality of thought should be singled out as cornerstones of the approaches of these thinkers. Taken as longevity, the language-oriented views of Skovoroda, Potebnya, and Shevelyov constitute a constant for Ukraine in the formation of self-awareness of its identity during the period of XVIII-XX centuries.
The trajectory of Ukraine's intellectual development, embodied in the creative efforts of these thinkers, marked the path of a growing formation of national self-awareness, which did ultimately led to the emancipation of Ukraine in the spiritual, cultural, and political spheres and its independence in 1991. The intellectual heritage of Skovoroda, Potebnya, and Shevelyov - valuable per se - has thus another dimension. It appears to be a part of the process of the formation of National consciousness and of the establishing of the identity of the Ukrainian souvereign nation.
Hubungan Dukungan Sosial Dengan Kepercayaan Diri Pada Atlet Karate
Authors: Athira Nadine Rizqi , Merdiaty Netty 
Published: December 2024

Dalam menghadapi pertandingan atlet dituntut untuk dapat memiliki kepercayaan diri pada dirinya, sebab hal penting yang mempengaruhi prestasi atlet adalah kepercayaan diri. Kepercayaan diri dibutuhkan sebagai kesiapan mental yang dapat membuat diri menjadi lebih percaya dengan kemampuan diri sendiri baik saat latihan maupun saat bertanding. Dukungan sosial merupakan salah satu faktor yang penting untuk mendukung kepercayaan diri seorang atlet dalam mencapai prestasinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan antara dukungan sosial dengan kepercayaan diri dalam menghadapi pertandingan pada atlet karate Inkai kota X. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis korelasi untuk melihat hubungan dari kedua variabel yang diteliti dan proses analisis data menggunakan bantuan software IBM SPSS 27. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 166 responden dan dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil dalam penelitian ini mendapatkan nilai koefisien korelasi sebesar -0,335 dengan nilai signifikansi < 0,001 atau (p) < 0,05 yang menunjukan adanya hubungan diantara kedua variabel dengan arah hubungan negatif yang lemah. Berdasarkan hasil uji korelasi tersebut, ditemukan bahwa Ha diterima yaitu terdapat hubungan signifikan antara dukungan sosial dengan kepercayaan diri.
EMPREGO FORMAL NA AGROINDÚSTRIA SULMATOGROSSENSE DE PAPEL E CELULOSE
Authors: Menezes da Cruz Rodrigo Aparecido , Ulisses Saraiva Farinha Maycon Jorge , Amorim Coutinho Carolina , De Oliveira Dias Ellen , Mario Bernardo Luciana Virginia 
Published: December 2024

Nos últimos anos a produção de floresta plantada e sua agroindústrialização vem sendo ampliada no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. De modo que a exportação dos produtos industrializados oriundos deste processo produtivo, ocupa percentuais significativos no conjunto de produtos industrializados, exportados pelo estado. Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar as mudanças que a implantação da produção agroindustrial da celulose trouxe ao estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, a partir do emprego formal. Para isso, foram utilizados os dados extraídos da RAIS – Relação Anual de Informações Sociais, publicizada pelo Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego, referente aos postos de trabalho relacionado a produção da floresta plantada e a agroindústria de papel e celulose do estado em questão. Com relação ao emprego formal utilizado para a produção de matéria prima da agroindústria de papel e celulose, foram utilizadas as diferenças percentuais por mesorregião do estado, para o número de empregos e algumas características dos trabalhadores como sexo e nacionalidade. No que refere-se ao emprego formal vinculado a agroindústria, foram realizadas a análises regionais, considerando a relação entre as mesorregiões e o estado, fazendo uso do Quociente Locacional, por exemplo. Estimou-se que os empregos formais relacionados a produção de matéria prima está localizado principalmente nas regiões Leste e Centro Norte do estado, regiões estas que fazem divisa. Os trabalhadores são majoritariamente homens e brasileiros. No que tange os empregos formais da agroindústria estes, estão associados principalmente a municípios localizados na região Leste do estado. Ao qual, Três Lagoas, é o município que na atualidade oferta a maioria dos postos de trabalho.
DAMPAK PROGRAM AFFILIATE MARKETING DI TIKTOK TERHADAP PERCEIVED VALUE
Authors: Lestari Dhea Afia , Sari Hikma , Kurniaty Dewi 
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis signifikansi pengaruh perbandingan harga, WOM dan media sosial, privasi dan keamanan, dan kepercayaan terhadap perceived value. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu data kuantitatif. Sumber data yang digunakan yaitu data primer. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan yaitu purposive sampling dengan jumlah 150 responden. Teknik dalam pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner. Teknik analisis data dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif, uji t, dan uji regresi linear berganda. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa affiliate marketing dimana diturunkan menjadi variabel independen yaitu perbandingan harga, WOM dan media sosial, privasi dan keamanan, dan kepercayaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap perceived value.
PENGARUH DISSATISFACTION CUSTOMER DAN SERVICE FAILURE TERHADAP BRAND SWITCHING DIMEDIASI VARIETY SEEKING DALAM PERSPEKTIF BISNIS ISLAM
Authors: Sari Eka Novita , Sanjaya Vicky F. , Fachri Adib 
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji bagaimana Hubungan Dissatisfaction Customer dan Service Failure terhadap Brand Switching yang dimediasi oleh Variety Seeking pada pengguna Smartphone Android ke Iphone di Kota Bandar Lampung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Eksploratif dengan pendekatan kuantitaif, jumlah sampel sebanyak 97 responden dengan analisis data menggunakan metode Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) dan Teknik analisis menggunakan Partial least square (PLS). Temuan pada penelitian ini menunjukkan Pengaruh positif dan signifikan pada hubungan Dissatisfaction Customer terhadap Brand Switching, Variety Seeking terhadap Brand Switching, Service Failure terhadap Variety Seeking, dan Variety Seeking mampu memediasi hubungan antara Service Failure Terhadap Brand Switching. Selain itu terdapat hasil yang tidak berpengaruh pada hubungan Dissatisfaction Customer terhadap Variety Seeking, Service Failure Terhadap Brand Switching, dan Variety Seeking tidak mampu memediasi hubungan antara Dissatisfaction Customer Terhadap Brand Switching.
Budaya Berbagi dalam Filantropi Islam: Kajian atas Praktik Kedermawanan di Komunitas Muslim
Authors: Putra Muhammad Deni , Afandi Mukhamad Yazid , Fadilla Siti , Mansur Muhammad , Argantara Zaid Raya 
Published: December 2024

This study examines the role of the culture of sharing in Islamic philanthropy, particularly the practice of generosity among Muslim communities, using a qualitative approach through literature review. The aim is to understand how the culture of sharing, social character, and local religious and cultural values influence the collection and distribution of zakat and charity. Findings indicate that the culture of sharing in Muslim societies significantly contributes to increased awareness and participation in philanthropic activities. Communities that uphold the values of solidarity and mutual assistance are more active in collecting and distributing zakat and charity, creating strong social networks. The analysis of social and cultural character reveals that local norms, such as the tradition of helping one another, influence patterns of generosity and strengthen social bonds among community members. Furthermore, religious values, including sincerity and the obligation of zakat, serve as primary motivations for individuals to engage in philanthropy. This research emphasizes the importance of integrating religious values and local culture into charitable programs, where philanthropic institutions that consider community needs are more likely to succeed in attracting participation. The findings are expected to serve as a foundation for developing policies and strategies to strengthen philanthropic practices in Muslim communities and enhance solidarity and social welfare. Additionally, this study suggests the need for further exploration of the relationship between the culture of sharing and the effectiveness of philanthropy in a broader context.Keywords: Culture of Sharing, Islamic Philanthropy, Generosity, Muslim Community
The Role of Intertextual Thesaurus in Teacher Professional Training
Authors: Yadrovskaya E. R. , Dunev A. I. 
Published: December 2024

In the educational process, a teacher of any specialization deals with texts in oral and written form and carries out all types of speech activities. The article is devoted to the problem of studying the intertextual thesaurus of a student at a pedagogical university. An analysis of scientific publications showed the absence in the modern scientific paradigm of studies in which a quotation would be considered as a tool for transmitting a cultural code transmitted from teacher to student. A new aspect of the study of the influencing functions of quotation and the use of literary quotation as a means of studying the intertextual thesaurus of a linguistic personality determines the relevance of our research.The authors set a goal to identify and describe the intertextual thesaurus of a modern student of a pedagogical university in the context of professional training based on knowledge and mastery of literary quotations from the works of the school curriculum. 1008 students of a pedagogical university studying at different faculties took part in the experiment. The methodological foundations of the study were the theory of problem-based learning, the doctrine of linguistic personality, the system of literary development and the theory of the development of the reader’s interpretive activity, a description of precedent phenomena. When conducting the research at different stages, the method of pedagogical observation, contextual analysis of dictionaries, analysis of scientific works, a comprehensive survey, and the method of introspection were used.As a result of the experiment, it was revealed that more than 50% of university respondents were unable to identify quotes from works of art in the school curriculum. Based on the analysis of works, “negative” strategies for interpreting a literary quotation (primitivization, lowering the stylistic register of the text, transferring content to the everyday level) and positive ones (strategy of searching for value meanings, strategy of logical explanation; strategy of concretizing the content) were identified.In the course of analyzing the problem, the authors turn to the situation of school literary education and the problem of the cultural attitudes of the future teacher.
Estimation of salivary IL-6 and calprotectin in patients with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Abdullah Fadhel A. , Mahmood Maha A. 
Published: December 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) it includes two-condition Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) the prolonged inflammation may cause invasion of the multiple layers of the intestinal walls result in GIT damage. The current study was carried out in Baghdad teaching hospital and gastroenterology hospital from November 2021 to May 2022. In order to show if the diagnostic marker of IBD which are IL6& calprotectin are rises in saliva as in sera and if there are significant differences in the levels of those markers between UC patients and healthy control subjects.
The subjects included twenty five patients suffering from ulcerative colitis and twenty five healthy individuals representing the control group. All of them having ages ranged between 20-55 years.
The recent study was measured the levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and calprotectin in saliva of UC patients using ELISA method.
The present results showed a significant increase in the levels of both (IL-6) and calprotectin in UC patients when compared with that of control group (P=<0.05).Moreover, this study was found a significant positive correlation between IL-6 levels and age in all study groups (UC and control) (P <0.05) and between IL-6 and calprotectin in UC patients(p<0.05).
Risk Factors of Knee Osteoarthritis in Patients attending Rheumatology Clinic in Mosul
Authors: Omar Dhafar M. , Raheem Ammar Q. , Y. Hassan Tuka 
Published: December 2024

الخلفية: يمكن وصف هشاشة العظام على انه اخر مسار مشترك للعمليات التي تؤدي الى فشل المفصل . هذا المرض له أيضا تأثير اجتماعي و اقتصادي كبير على جميع الحضارات وأصبحت عبئا متزايد على عاتق الرعاية الصحية مع الشيخوخة .
اهداف البحث : الأهداف المحددة لقياس تكرار الحالات المتعلقة بكل عامل خطر مفترض من هشاشة الركبة بين عينات الدراسة وتقييم وجود علاقة سببية بين كل عامل خطر مفترض وتطور هشاشة الركبة. الاعداد: في هذه الدراسة , تم اعتماد تصميم دراسة الحالات والشواهد من الأول من تشرين الثاني 2020الى 31 أيار 2021 في مستشفى ابن سينا و مستشفى السلام التعليمي في الموصل العراق .
طريقة البحث: 100 فرد تم تشخيص اصابتهم بالتهاب مفصل الركبة يمثلون حالات هذه الدراسة , وتم اخذ 100 فرد اخر غير مصاب بالتهاب مفصل الركبة كعناصر تحكم .
النتائج : كان الجزء الأكبر من الحلات والضوابط ( 72% و 53% على التوالي ) بين سن 45 و64. كما بلغت نسبة الاناث 76% من الحالات و 57% فقط من الضوابط. تم اكتشاف ان 74% من الحالات و81% من الضوابط تعيش في المدينة. شكل المتزوجون 93% من الحالات و 79% من الضوابط . تكشف النتائج الحالية ان العمال اليدويون شكلوا 82% من الحالات 27و% من الضوابط .لا توجد علاقة بين التدخين والامراض الجهازية وتطور التهاب مفصل الركبة . الاناث فوق ال 45 عام يمثلن 65% من الحالات و 31% من الضوابط . الأشخاص الذين يعانون من زيادة الوزن والسمنة هم اكثر عرضة للإصابة بالتهاب الركبة مقارنة بالمجموعة الضابطة . الصدمة في الماضي ترتبط ارتباط قوي بالتهاب مفصل الركبة . اكثر من نصف المرضى لديهم تاريخ عائلي إيجابي من التهاب المفاصل بينما 17% فقط من الضوابط لديهم تاريخ عائلي إيجابي من التهاب المفاصل .
الاستنتاجات :خلصت الدراسة الى ان هشاشة العظام تحدث بشكل متكرر في الاناث المسنات اكثر من الذكور والشخص المتزوج اكثر عرضة للإصابة بهشاشة العظام وكذلك زيادة الوزن والسمنة .كما ان العمل اليدوي يزيد من فرص الصابة بهشاشة العظام . الرياضيين اقل عرضة للإصابة بهشاشة العظام .الاصابة والتاريخ العائلي للإصابة بهشاشة العظام يزيدان من خطر الإصابة بهشاشة العظام
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease among a Sample of Undergraduate Medical Students in Baghdad
Authors: Abdulwahhab Sarah H. , Al Hashimi Ban A.R. , Alkhalidi Nawal M. 
Published: December 2024

المقدمة:الارتجاع المريئي هو اضطراب معدي مريئي شائع لدى البالغين ، وهو يتطور عندما ترجع محتويات المعدة وترتفع إلى المريء نتيجة خلل في العضلة العاصرة السفلية للمريء. تم إجراء عدد قليل جدًا من الدراسات حول حجم الارتجاع المريئي في مجتمع الطلاب. هدفت الدراسة إلى تحديد مدى انتشار مرض ارتجاع المريء لدى عينة من طلاب كلية الطب /جامعة بغداد وعوامل الخطورة المحتملة المرتبطة به.
الطريقة: دراسة وصفية مقطعية أجريت على طلبة البكالوريوس في كلية الطب / جامعة بغداد خلال الفترة الممتدة من ١٥كانون الثاني -١ حزيران ٢٠٢٠. أجاب جميع المشاركين على الاستبيان عبر الإنترنت لأعراض الارتجاع المريئي. تضمن الاستبيان بيانات ديموغرافية مثل العمر والجنس والطول والوزن ونمط الحياة والعادات الغذائية. تم تحليل البيانات الإحصائية باستخدام الحزمة الإحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية واعتبرت النتائجذات القيمه الاحتمالية اقل من ٠٥ˏ٠ ذات اهمية احصائية.
النتائج: تم تقييم إجمالي ٣٠٠ مشارك من طلاب الطب و ٢١٦(٧٢٪) من الإناث و ٨٤ (٢٨٪) من الذكور من أجل الارتجاع المعدي المريئي ، وكان متوسط عمر المشاركين٩٣.٢١ (٨١ˏ١) سنة. كان معدل انتشار ارتجاع المريء ١٣.3٪ ، وكان ٨٦ (٢٨.7٪) من المشاركين لديهم تاريخ عائلي إيجابي للارتجاع المعدي المريئي وكان لديهم ارتباط إحصائي كبير بأعراض ارتجاع المريء (القيمة الاحتمالية = ٠.001) ، وكان٢٨ (٩.3٪) ينامون خلال ساعة واحدة من الوجبة (القيمة الاحتمالية=٠٠١ ٠) وكانت مضادات الحموضة و مثبطات مضخة البروتون ֥٣٨ (٧.١٢ ) و ٤١ (١٣.7٪) على التوالي (القيمة الاحتمالية لكل منهم=٠٠١.٠) ، ٢٠(٦.7٪) يعانون من التجشؤ المتكرر) القيمة الاحتمالية =٠٠١.٠) التي لها علاقة ذات دلالة إحصائية.خضع ٣١(١٠% ) منهم لناظور المرئ والمعدة والاثنى عشر (القيمة الاحتمالية=٠٣ˏ٠) ولا توجد علاقة ذات اهمية احصائية بين نتائج استبيان الارتجاع المعدي المريئي والخصائص العامة والعادات الغذائية.
الاستنتاج:وجدت هذه الدراسة انتشارًا طفيفًا لمرض ارتجاع المريء بين المشاركين والنوم في غضون ساعة واحدة من العشاء أو الوجبة ، وتاريخ عائلي إيجابي من ارتجاع المريء / حرقة المعدة / الارتجاع ، وتناول مضادات الحموضة ومثبطات مضخة البروتون لتخفيف الأعراض ، وجود والتجشؤ المتكرر مرتبط بأعراض ارتجاع المريء ، لم يتم العثور على ارتباط مهم بين ارتجاع المريء والعادات الغذائية.
The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Chenopodium Murale in Comparison to Salvia Frigida on Atopic Eczema
Authors: Hassan Zahraa Y. , Hassan Tuka Y. , Kanany Ahmed Y. 
Published: December 2024

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent chronic inflammatory skin condition with a familial tendency. It affects approximately 10%-20% of children and 1%-3% of adults worldwide. Chenopodium murale is clinically proven for treating many medical conditions, such as AD, due to its easy application and efficacy. Salvia plant has an anti-inflammatory effect on AD cases treated with phenolic compounds.
Objective: To determine the anti-inflammatory effect of the phytosterol fraction of Chenopodium murale (CM) in comparison to Salvia frigida (SF).
Methods: This study was conducted from December 2020 to June 2021 in the Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Al Nahrain University. Fifty mice were included in the study, subdivided equally into five subgroups [control, induction, Tacrolimus-1%, Phytosterol-3%, and Phenolic-5%]. Biological and histological parameters were measured, and their means were compared using the independent t-test, and the one-way ANOVA was used to estimate the mean of differences.
Results: The Tacrolimus-1% group showed a significant decrease in white blood cells, Ig-E, and inflammation means than other groups; a significant decrease in mean epidermal thickness than the Phytosterol-3% groups; and a significant decrease in IL-13 and erosion than the Phenolic-5% groups. The phytosterol-3% group showed a significant decrease in the mean parakeratosis, erosion, and observational severity (OS) score than other groups. The phenolic-5% group showed a significant decrease in the mean epidermal thickness than other groups and a significant decrease in OS score than the Tacrolimus-1% groups.
Conclusion: The topical applications of the phytosterol fraction of Chenopodium murale or the phenolic compound of Salvia frigida were effective and promising in treating atopic dermatitis. While the phenolic compound of Salvia frigida is effective, it is somewhat less than that of the phytosterol fraction of Chenopodium murale.
Frequency of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Deficiency in Pediatric Patients with Immune Thrombocytopenia: Disease Phase and Therapy Options
Authors: Abbas Huda K. , Saleh Basil O. , Ghali Hassanain H. 
Published: December 2024

Background: Hypovitaminosis D can cause immunological irregularities in the development of immune thrombocytopenia.
Objectives: To identify the frequency of low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in children with Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), and to assess the effect of the disease phase and type of treatment on vitamin D level.
Methods: This case-control study was carried out on 88 children (63 had been diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenia and 25 healthy children as controls) during November 2023 and April 2024. The patients were sub-grouped according to global classification of vitamin D level into three groups: less than 10 ng/ml (n = 47), 10–20 ng/ml (n = 16), and 20-30 ng/ml (none of the patients or controls fell in this group). The cases were sub-classified according to their disease phase: Acute (n = 21), persistent (n = 24), and chronic (n = 18). The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique.
Results: Around 75% of ITP children had a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level of less than 10 ng/ml. The mean (± SEM) values of the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D of the ITP children of acute (9.5±1.84 ng/ml) and chronic (8.0±1.13 ng/ml) phases were lower than those of controls (10.0±1.32 ng/ml, p > 0.05), but not significantly so. The mean values of 25 hydroxyvitamin D of ITP children were lower than those of the controls, irrespective of the type of treatment.
Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among children with immune thrombocytopenia, particularly those in the chronic phase.
HISTOLOGIA DA GLÂNDULA OVIDUCAL DA RAIA-DE-LA PLATA, Atlantoraja platana (GÜNTHER, 1880) (CHONDRICHTHYES, RAJOIDEI)
Authors: Basallo Alexander , Oddone Maria Cristina 
Published: December 2024

Nos peixes elasmobrânquios, a glândula oviducal é uma estrutura complexa, localizada entre o oviduto anterior e o útero. O presente estudo teve como objetivo conhecer os aspectos anatômicos e histológicos da glândula oviducal da fêmea adulta da raia Atlantoraja platana. Para cada amostra foram feitas as colorações AB (Alcian Blue) com pH 1,0 e 2,5; como também PAS (Reação do ácido periódico de Schiff), hematoxilina e eosina (HE) e (carmin best). O oviduto anterior está representado por uma camada externa (túnica serosa) e uma de músculo liso (circular e longitudinal), apresentando reações positivas com PAS e AB de pH 1,0 e 2,5. As zonas de “club” e papilar, foram responsáveis pela produção de substâncias citoplasmáticas PAS+ e AB+ de pH 1,0 e 2,5. A zona de “baffle” contém espineretes, que comunicam os túbulos secretores internos serosos com o lúmen. Além disso, a zona de “baffle” foi o local onde se registrou maior concentração de espermatozoides. Na região mais distal da zona terminal, foi observada a presença de túbulos de secreção serosa, mucoso e misto, apresentando um epitélio cilíndrico pseudoestratificado ciliado, com células caliciformes (PAS+, AB+). Devido à sua alta complexidade e funcionalidade histo-fisiológica, a glândula oviducal dos tubarões, raias e quimeras pode ser considerado um elemento chave da reprodução.
Palavras‐chave: Oviparidade, estratégia reprodutiva, ducto reprodutivo, morfologia