bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of Shenkang injection in the treatment of chronic renal failure
Authors: Mei JuXiang , Yang LingLing , Wang Deqin , Wang HaiXia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
Chronic renal failure (CRF) is the final outcome of the development of multiple kidney diseases, and there is no effective method at home and abroad. Traditional Chinese medicine is found to play a major role in the treatment of the non-replacement stage of CRF. Shenkang injection can not only nourish the kidney, but also promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis, which is suitable for the treatment of CRF. This study aims to explore the efficacy and safety of Shenkang injection for CRF and provide evidence for clinical practice.

Methods:
This was a prospective randomized controlled trial. One hundred four patients with CRF were randomly divided into treatment groups and control groups according to 1:1, with 52 patients in each group. The control group received basic treatment of western medicine and the treatment group was given Shenkang injection intravenously on the basis of control group. Both groups were given standard treatment for 4 weeks with concurrent follow-up for 1 month. The outcome indicators included: total efficiency, symptom scores, creatinine clearance rate, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, CystatinC, liver function, blood routine, urine routine, incidence of adverse reactions, etc. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0 software.

Discussion:
This study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of Shenkang injection for CRF, and the results of this trial will provide clinical evidence for the treatment of CRF.

Trial registration:
OSF Registration number: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/K9C5T.
Trends and projections in cutaneous melanoma death in the Netherlands from 1950 to 2045
Authors: van Niekerk Catharina C. , Groenewoud Hans M.M. , Verbeek André L.M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Child sun protection has recently been linked to the future disappearance of fatal melanoma in adults in successive generations. In the Netherlands, however, mortality rates from melanoma have increased gradually from the 1950s, with some indication of stabilisation since 2010, which may be compatible with a birth cohort effect by sun-protective measures and screening. To study the trajectories ahead a trend analysis was applied. Numbers of people with cutaneous melanoma as underlying cause of death from 1950 to 2018 and population data were derived from Statistics Netherlands. A graphical approach was used to explore trends in mortality by age, calendar period, and cohorts born in the successive periods of 1889 to 1979. Age–period–cohort modelling outcomes and population forecasts provided projections of mortality until 2045. Based on 24,151 cases of melanoma death (13,256 men, 10,895 women), age-standardised mortality rates were similar from 1950 to 1989 for both genders, and increased thereafter more in men. The age-curve patterns changed gradually towards higher death rates at older age, implying the existence of a birth cohort effect. The age–period–cohort models showed an increase in melanoma mortality rates in successive generations. For women, the birth cohort effect plateaued for generations born since the mid-1980s. The projected total mortality number was predicted to rise in the next 3 decades.
It is concluded that a small future decline of mortality in younger generations can be expected in the Netherlands, but mortality is still rising for the total population.
Platelet rich plasma versus glucocorticoid for plantar fasciitis
Authors: Ge Rongrong , Chen Shuying , Jiang Jiawang , Wang Bangmin , Zeng You , Cao Qianan , Wu Jun , Liu Yunfeng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
Plantar fasciitis (PF) is the most common cause of heel pain in adult. There are a variety of ways to treat PF, but these treatments have varied result in their effectiveness, and exist different degrees of limitations. At present, clinical studies focus on the effect of glucocorticoid (GC) and platelet rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of PF, but there is a lack of systematic evaluation PRP and GC's clinical effect towards PF. This study aims to evaluate the long-term efficacy of GCs and PRP in the treatment of PF by means of meta-analysis.

Methods:
The literature of a randomized controlled clinical trial of PRP in the treatment of plantantifasciitis was searched on the Internet. Retrieve 7 databases. EndNote X9 software was used for document management. The Jadad scale was used to score the literature. Risk assessment of the literature was conducted according to Cochrane's systematic evaluation manual 5.0. RevMan5.3 software was used for literature risk bias analysis. Stata12.0 software is used for sensitivity analysis.

Results:
This study will provide effective evidence-based evidence for the long-term efficacy of PRP and GC in treating PF.

Conclusion:
A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted for the comparison of the long-term effect of PRP and GC on plantar fascia in the treatment of PF.
Transmission dynamics and successful control measures of SARS-CoV-2 in the mega-size city of Guangzhou, China
Authors: Zhao Hongjun , Zhang Zhoubin , Lun Wenhui , Chen Zongqiu , Lu Xiaoxiao , Li Jingrong , Qiu Fuman , Li Shunming , Mao Chun , Lu Ying , Chen Jinbin , He Qing , Lu Jiachun , Yang Zhicong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has caused a worldwide pandemic. Control measures differ among countries and have a varying degree of effectiveness, which requires assessment. To evaluate the effectiveness of public health interventions of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Guangzhou by 3 periods according to interventions: January 7 to 22 (no intervention), January 23 to February 23 (implemented intensive interventions), and February 24 to May 17 (the normalization mode of COVID-19 prevention and control).
We collected the information of 745 COVID-19 patients and their close contacts as well as control measures in Guangzhou from January 7 to May 17, 2020. We estimated the epidemiological characteristics, disease spectrum of COVID-19 cases, key time-to-event intervals, and effective reproduction number over the 3 periods. The basic reproduction number of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was also calculated over period 1.
Approximately 45.8%, 49.8%, and 4.4% of cases from close contacts were asymptomatic, symptomatic, and severe, respectively. The median incubation period was 5.3 days (the percentiles of 2.5–97.5, 1.5–18.4 days) and the median serial interval fitted with gamma distribution was 5.1 days (the percentiles of 2.5–97.5, 0.8–15.9 days). The estimated median of onset-to-quarantined time in Period 1 to 3 were 7.5, 3.4, and 2.9 days (the percentiles of 2.5–97.5, 2.1–14.2, 3.9–14.7, and 6.0–20.0 days) respectively and the median of onset-to-confirmation time in period 1 to 3 were 8.9, 4.9 and 2.4 days (the percentiles of 2.5–97.5, 2.6–16.6, 0.9–14.6, and 0.5–11.8 days). In period 1, the reproduction number was 0.9 (95% confidence interval, 0.5–1.4) and fluctuated below 1.0 before January 22 except for January 14. The effective reproduction number gradually decreased in the period 2 with the lowest point of 0.1 on February 20, then increased again since March 27 and reach a spike of 1.8 on April 12. The number decreased to below 1.0 after April 17 and decreased further to <0.2 after May 7 in the period 3.
Under prospective dynamic observation, close contacts turned into infected cases could provide a spectrum of COVID-19 cases from real-world settings. The lockdown of Wuhan and closed-loop management of people arriving Guangzhou were effective in halting the spread of the COVID-19 cases to Guangzhou. The spread of COVID-19 was successfully controlled in Guangzhou by social distancing, wearing a face mask, handwashing, disinfection in key places, mass testing, extensive contact tracing, and strict quarantine of close contacts.
Factors associated with prolonged hospitalization among patients transported by emergency medical services
Authors: Katayama Yusuke , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Tanaka Jun , Nakao Shota , Nitta Masahiko , Fujimi Satoshi , Kuwagata Yasuyuki , Shimazu Takeshi , Matsuoka Tetsuya 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The emergency medical system, one of the essential elements of public health, has been around for more than 50 years. Although many studies have assessed the factors associated with overcrowding and prolonged length of stay in emergency departments, whether the clinical characteristics and background of a patient are associated with prolonged hospitalization among patients transported by ambulance is unknown. The purpose of this study was to reveal factors associated with the continuation of hospitalization at 21 days after hospital admission among patients transported by ambulance using a population-based patient registry in Osaka, Japan.
This was a retrospective observational study whose study period was the three years from January 2016 to December 2018. In this study, we included patients who were hospitalized after transportation by ambulance in Osaka, Japan. The main outcome was continuation of hospitalization at 21 days after hospital admission. We calculated the adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) with a multivariable logistic regression model to assess factors associated with the outcome.
We included 481,886 patients in this study, of whom 158,551 remained hospitalized at 21 days after hospital admission and 323,335 had been discharged home by 21 days after hospital admission. Factors associated with prolonged hospitalization were elderly (AOR: 1.767 [95% CI: 1.730–1.805]), traffic accident (AOR: 1.231 [95% CI: 1.183–1.282]), no fixed address (AOR: 4.494 [95% CI: 3.632–5.314]), need for nursing care (AOR: 1.420 [95% CI: 1.397–1.443]) and solitary person (AOR: 1.085 [95% CI: 1.050–1.120]).
In this study, the elderly, traffic accidents, no fixed address, need for nursing care, and solitary person were associated with prolonged hospitalization of patients transported by ambulance in Japan.
Efficacy and safety of gemcitabine-capecitabine combination therapy for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Ouyang Guoqing , Wu Yongrong , Liu Zhen , Lu Wuchang , Li Shuai , Hao Shuqing , Pan Guangdong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
Recent randomized controlled trials revealed the combination of gemcitabine and capecitabine (GemCap) regime shows promising efficacy in pancreatic cancer patients. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of gemcitabine (Gem) with GemCap for pancreatic cancer.

Methods:
The database of MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Central Controster of Controlled Trials, Web of Science was searched for relevant randomized controlled trials before 8 April, 2020. The outcomes were overall survival (OS), 12-month survival rate, progress free survival (PFS), partial response rate (PRR), objective response rate (ORR), and Grade 3/4 toxicities.

Results:
Five randomized controlled trials involving 1879 patients were included in this study. The results showed that GemCap significantly improves the OS (hazard ratio = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.037-1.276, P = .008), PFS (hazard ratio = 1.211, 95% CI 1.09-1.344, P = 0), PRR (relative risk (RR) = 0.649, 95% CI 0.488-0.862, P = .003), ORR (RR = 0.605, 95% CI 0.458-0.799, P = 0), and the overall toxicity (RR = 0.708, 95% CI 0.620-0.808, P = .000) compared to Gem alone. However, no significant difference was found in 12-month survival.

Conclusions:
Despite a higher incidence of Grade 3/4 toxicity, GemCap was associated with better outcomes of OS, PFS, PRR, ORR, as compared with Gem, which is likely to become a promising therapy for pancreatic cancer.
Application of transcranial direct current stimulation in cricopharyngeal dysfunction with swallowing apraxia caused by stroke
Authors: Yang Juan , Yuan Huozhong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Dysphagia is a common complication after stroke. The 2 types of dysphagia with cricopharyngeal dysfunction and swallowing apraxia after stroke are relatively rare and difficult to treat; however, there are few clinical case reports of cricopharyngeal dysfunction and swallowing apraxia after stroke.

Patient concerns:
A case of cricopharyngeal dysfunction and swallowing apraxia due to cerebral infarction caused by atrial fibrillation in a 63-year-old woman who was followed up for 1 year.

Diagnoses:
The patient was diagnosed with cricopharyngeal dysfunction and swallowing apraxia caused by stroke based on the clinical course and imaging findings.

Interventions:
Pharmacotherapy and rehabilitation therapy.

Outcome:
The patient's swallowing function returned to normal, and her nasal feeding tubes were removed, and oral feeding was resumed.

Lessons:
The 2 types of dysphagia with cricopharyngeal dysfunction and swallowing apraxia after stroke are relatively rare and difficult to treat after stroke. Only by improving swallowing apraxia can patients perform mandatory swallowing and balloon dilatation treatment. However, transcranial direct current stimulation has a good therapeutic effect on the primary motor and sensory cortex of the tongue in patients with cricopharyngeal dysfunction and swallowing apraxia.
Effects of moxibustion for obesity
Authors: Kim Hyungsuk , Kim Koh-Woon , Chung Won-Seok 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
Obesity is a chronic disease associated with lethal health conditions. Moxibustion, a frequently used treatment in traditional Chinese medicine, is effective and safe for the treatment of obesity. However, the evidence has not been systematically collected and combined to date. This systematic review and meta-analysis will analyze the effects of moxibustion on obesity.

Methods:
The following databases will be searched: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, 1 Chinese database (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure), 1 Japanese database (Citation Information by the National Institute of Informatics), and 3 Korean databases (Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System, ScienceON, and KoreaMed). The quality of the included studies will be assessed according to the Cochrane Assessment Tool for Risk of Bias. Data from the included studies will be synthesized for meta-analysis. The primary outcome will be body weight, and the secondary outcomes will be body mass index, waist-hip ratio, waist circumference, hip circumference, and effective rate.

Results and Conclusion:
Ethical approval is not necessary for this study because it will not include any patient information. The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis will be publicly available and published in a peer-reviewed journal.

Registration number:
DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/NTKDF (https://osf.io/ntkdf).
Efficacy and safety of Yangxue Qingnao granules for the treatment of essential hypertension
Authors: Liu Yongcheng , Guo Dong , Tian Ying , Fan Maoxia , Zhao Jisen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
Essential hypertension is a major risk factor for many fatal cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and has become a heavy burden on families and society. At present, the prevention and treatment of essential hypertension is still unsatisfactory. Yangxue Qingnao granules is a kind of Chinese patent medicine that has been used to treat essential hypertension. The objective of this protocol is to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Yangxue Qingnao granules in the treatment of essential hypertension.

Methods:
Randomized controlled trials on Yangxue Qingnao granules for essential hypertension will be searched from the following databases: PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and China Biology Medicine disc from inception to August 27, 2021, regardless of language. Study screening and data extraction will be carried out by two independent reviewers. The quality of the included studies will be assessed using Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. Statistic analysis will be performed using RevMan 5.3 software. The quality of evidence will be assessed using GRADE approach.

Results:
This study will systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Yangxue Qingnao granules in the treatment of essential hypertension and provide high-quality evidence for clinical practice.

Conclusion:
The findings of this systematic review will provide high-quality evidence to verify the efficacy and safety of Yangxue Qingnao granules in the treatment of essential hypertension.

INPLASY registration number:
INPLASY202190015.
Prevalence and risk factors associated with repeat positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test results among discharged COVID-19 patients
Authors: Cui Yanru , Wang Jilin , Wang Gaofeng , Xie Xiuguo , Tian Lizhen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic continues to have an immense impact on the world at large. COVID-19 patients who meet the discharge criteria, may subsequently exhibit positive viral RNA test results upon subsequent evaluation. This phenomenon has been a major source of research and public health interest, and poses a major challenge to COVID-19 prevention, treatment, and standardized patient management.

Methods:
We will search the PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Clinical Trials Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, Chinese Science Journal Database, and China Biology Medicine databases for all studies published as of November 2021. Data will be extracted independently by two researchers according to the eligibility criteria. Finally, RevMan 5.3.0 will be implemented for statistical analyses.

Results:
The results of this study will show the prevalence and risk factors associated with repeat positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test results among discharged COVID-19 patients.

Conclusions:
This study will provide a reliable evidence-based for the prevalence and risk factors associated with repeat positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test results among discharged COVID-19 patients.

Trial registration number:
CRD42021272447.
Fertility-preserving treatment in patients with early-stage endometrial cancer
Authors: Zhao Xiao-Li , Du Ze-Qing , Zhang Xuan , Yao Zhi , Liang Ying-Qiu , Zhao Su-Fen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the second most common malignancy of the female reproductive system worldwide, and the standard treatment for early-stage EC potentially leads to permanent infertility. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacies of different methods on fertility preservation in patients with early-stage EC.

Methods:
We searched the major online databases (PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) to collect the research literature on fertility preservation therapy in patients with early-stage well-differentiated EC aged ≤ 40 years from January 1999 to October 2019. The inclusion was performed using the R software (version R3.5.3) meta-analysis of a single rate. The efficacy of the following three fertility preservation treatments was evaluated from four aspects, the complete remission rate (CRR), recurrence rate (ReR), pregnancy rate (PregR), and live birth rate (LBR): a) taking oral progestin only therapy, b) hysteroscopic resection combined with progestin/levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS)/GnRH-a, c) LNG-IUS or combined with progestin/GnRH-a.

Results:
A total of 23 articles were included in this study, including 446 patients with early-stage EC. In the group that took oral progestin only (n = 279), CRR, ReR, PregR, and LBR were 82% (95% confidence interval [CI], 74%–92%, P = .01), 38% (95% CI, 31%-45%, P = .35), 70% (95% CI, 62%–79%, P = .68), and 63% (95% CI, 55%–73%, P = .55), respectively. Hysteroscopic resection combined with progestin/LNG-IUS/GnRH-a therapy group (n = 96) achieved a CRR, ReR, PregR, and LBR of 95% (95% CI, 90%–100%, P = .42), 16% (95% CI, 6%–39%, P = .03), 84% (95% CI, 73%–96%, P = .39), and 72% (95% CI, 59%–87%, P = .28), respectively. LNG-IUS or combined with progestin/GnRH-a therapy group (n = 91) achieved a CRR, ReR, PregR, and LBR of 69% (95% CI, 54%–89%, P < .01), 30% (95% CI, 19%–49%, P = .36), 48% (95% CI, 18%–100%, P < .01), and 36% (95% CI, 10%–100%, P < .01), respectively.

Conclusion:
It is safe and effective for young patients with early-stage EC to receive oral progestin, hysteroscopic resection combined with progestin/LNG-IUS/GnRH-a, LNG-IUS, or progestin/GnRH-a.

INPLASY Registration number:
DOI 10.37766/inplasy2020.12.0137
Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma presenting as rapidly progressive dementia and stroke
Authors: Wu Ming , Lin Yinyao , Huang Xuehong , Zhang Bingjun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare form of large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The diagnosis is challenging and frequently made at biopsy. Here we reported a case of IVLBCL limited to the central nervous system (CNS) presenting with progressive dementia and acute stroke, who was diagnosed by brain biopsy.

Patient concerns:
A 47-year-old woman was transferred to our hospital with a 6-month history of rapidly progressive dementia, and left limb weakness and numbness for 3 days. She was successively misdiagnosed with inflammatory demyelinating disease and stroke. Her condition deteriorated with elevated lactate dehydrogenase and multiple hyperintense lesions on the brain.

Diagnosis:
She was diagnosed with IVLBCL limited to the CNS by brain biopsy.

Interventions:
Bone marrow puncture and incisional random skin biopsy were not found neoplastic cells. Computed tomography scans were normal with no evidence of disease outside the CNS.

Outcomes:
The patient died due to rapid clinical aggravation.

Lessons:
IVLBCL limited to the CNS is an aggressive disease with high mortality. Making a timely and correct diagnosis is crucial for early appropriate treatment in IVLBCL patients.
Endovascular treatment for acute basilar artery occlusion via persistent primitive hypoglossal artery
Authors: Park Jung Soo , Shin Byoung-Soo , Kang Hyun Goo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
Although their effectiveness and safety have not yet been established, endovascular treatments have recently been applied in the treatment of acute basilar artery occlusion. If not identified, persistent primitive hypoglossal artery, a rare variant of the posterior circulation, could be a barrier to the successful treatment of basilar artery occlusion.

Patient concerns:
An 83-year-old woman, who had been undergoing treatment for hypertension for 20 years, visited our hospital 3 hours after the onset of acute unresponsive mental deterioration. The patient was unresponsive to painful stimuli, and the pupils were equal and miotic.

Diagnosis:
Brain computed tomography angiography confirmed complete occlusion of the distal basilar artery and revealed a dilated branch arising from the right internal carotid artery at the C2 vertebral level.

Interventions:
Endovascular thrombectomy was performed directly via the right femoral artery. Complete recanalization was achieved via manual aspiration thrombectomy.

Outcomes:
Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed multifocal cerebral infarctions in the bilateral thalamus, midbrain, and cerebellar vermis. The patient's neurological symptoms gradually improved.

Conclusions:
This is a rare case of basilar artery occlusion that was successfully treated with mechanical thrombectomy through persistent primitive hypoglossal artery. It is important to consider the potential clinical implications of this rare vascular variant.