bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Women’s awareness of common non-communicable diseases screening during preconception period in Manna District, Southwest Ethiopia: implication for wellness check-up
Authors: Gonfa Firanbon Teshome , Lemu Yohannes Kebede , Koricha Zewdie Birhanu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the dominant cause of global morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. Tackling NCDs is central to advancing women’s and child health, and future generations. Many NCDs can be prevented with appropriate approaches across the maternal and child health life-cycle, throughout the years of reproductive age especially before conception and continuing through pregnancy. However, women’s awareness of NCDs screening during the preconception period was not well known in many countries including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess women’s awareness of common NCDs screening during the preconception period and associated factors in Manna District, Jimma Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, 2019.

Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 02 to April 10, 2019. The sample size was 636 pregnant women from eight randomly selected rural kebeles and a purposively taken urban kebele. The data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire and entered into Epi data manager version 4.0.2 and exported to SPSS version 21. Descriptive, binary, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out.

Results
Of the total of 623 respondents, 459 (73.7%) of them had good awareness of common NCDs screening during the preconception period. Women who had formal education [AOR = 1.95, 95% CI: (1.31–2.89)], those who had planned pregnancy [AOR = 2.17, 95% CI: (1.47–3.19)], on ANC follow up [AOR = 1.79, 95% CI: (1.16–2.74], and those who had media (radio and/or television) in their house [AOR = 1.55, 95% CI: (1.05–2.29)] had good awareness on common NCDs screening during the preconception period compared to their counterparts.

Conclusions
In this study, nearly three-quarters of respondents had a good awareness of common NCDs screening during the preconception period. Women’s educational status, pregnancy planning status, ANC visit, and having radio and/or television in the house were predictors of women’s good awareness of common NCDs screening during the preconception period. Therefore, all concerned bodies are recommended to work toward increasing women’s awareness using different approaches like awareness creation campaigns and counseling clients attending health facilities.
Association between patterns of alcohol consumption (beverage type, frequency and consumption with food) and risk of adverse health outcomes: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Jani Bhautesh Dinesh , McQueenie Ross , Nicholl Barbara I. , Field Ryan , Hanlon Peter , Gallacher Katie I. , Mair Frances S. , Lewsey Jim 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol consumption is a leading contributor to death and disability worldwide, but previous research has not examined the effects of different patterns of alcohol consumption. The study objective was to understand the relationship between different alcohol consumption patterns and adverse health outcomes risk, adjusting for average amount consumed among regular drinkers.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study of UK Biobank (UKB) participants.Abstainers, infrequent alcohol consumers or those with previous cancer, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke or liver cirrhosis were excluded. We used beverage type, consumption with food and consumption frequency as exposures and adjusted for potential confounding. All-cause mortality, major cardiovascular events-MACE (MI/stroke/cardiovascular death), accidents/injuries, liver cirrhosis, all-cause and alcohol-related cancer incidence over 9-year median follow-up period were outcomes of interest.ResultsThe final sample size for analysis wasN = 309,123 (61.5% of UKB sample). Spirit drinking was associated with higher adjusted mortality (hazard ratio (HR) 1.25; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.14–1.38), MACE (HR 1.31; 95% CI 1.15–1.50), cirrhosis (HR 1.48; 95% CI 1.08–2.03) and accident/injuries (HR 1.10; 95% CI 1.03–1.19) risk compared to red wine drinking, after adjusting for the average weekly alcohol consumption amounts. Beer/cider drinkers were also at a higher risk of mortality (HR 1.18; 95% CI 1.10–1.27), MACE (HR 1.16; 95% CI 1.05–1.27), cirrhosis (HR 1.36; 95% CI 1.06–1.74) and accidents/injuries (HR 1.11; 95% CI 1.06–1.17). Alcohol consumption without food was associated with higher adjusted mortality (HR 1.10; 95% CI 1.02–1.17) risk, compared to consumption with food. Alcohol consumption over 1–2 times/week had higher adjusted mortality (HR 1.09; 95% CI 1.03–1.16) and MACE (HR 1.14; 95% CI 1.06–1.23) risk, compared to 3–4 times/week, adjusting for the amount of alcohol consumed.ConclusionRed wine drinking, consumption with food and spreading alcohol intake over 3–4 days were associated with lower risk of mortality and vascular events among regular alcohol drinkers, after adjusting for the effects of average amount consumed. Selection bias and residual confounding are important possible limitations. These findings, if replicated and validated, have the potential to influence policy and practice advice on less harmful patterns of alcohol consumption.
Potential impact of individual exposure histories to endemic human coronaviruses on age-dependent severity of COVID-19
Authors: Pinotti Francesco , Wikramaratna Paul S. , Obolski Uri , Paton Robert S. , Damineli Daniel S. C. , Alcantara Luiz C. J. , Giovanetti Marta , Gupta Sunetra , Lourenço José 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Cross-reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 from exposure to endemic human coronaviruses (eHCoV) is gaining increasing attention as a possible driver of both protection against infection and COVID-19 severity. Here we explore the potential role of cross-reactivity induced by eHCoVs on age-specific COVID-19 severity in a mathematical model of eHCoV and SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

Methods
We use an individual-based model, calibrated to prior knowledge of eHCoV dynamics, to fully track individual histories of exposure to eHCoVs. We also model the emergent dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 and the risk of hospitalisation upon infection.

Results
We hypothesise that primary exposure with any eHCoV confers temporary cross-protection against severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, while life-long re-exposure to the same eHCoV diminishes cross-protection, and increases the potential for disease severity. We show numerically that our proposed mechanism can explain age patterns of COVID-19 hospitalisation in EU/EEA countries and the UK. We further show that some of the observed variation in health care capacity and testing efforts is compatible with country-specific differences in hospitalisation rates under this model.

Conclusions
This study provides a “proof of possibility” for certain biological and epidemiological mechanisms that could potentially drive COVID-19-related variation across age groups. Our findings call for further research on the role of cross-reactivity to eHCoVs and highlight data interpretation challenges arising from health care capacity and SARS-CoV-2 testing.
l-Carnitine ameliorates congenital myopathy in a tropomyosin 3 de novo mutation transgenic zebrafish
Authors: Hsu Po-Jui , Wang Horng-Dar , Tseng Yung-Che , Pan Shao-Wei , Sampurna Bonifasius Putera , Jong Yuh-Jyh , Yuh Chiou-Hwa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Congenital myopathy (CM) is a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous muscle disorders, characterized by muscle weakness and hypotonia from birth. Currently, no definite treatment exists for CM. A de novo mutation in Tropomyosin 3-TPM3(E151G) was identified from a boy diagnosed with CM, previously TPM3(E151A) was reported to cause CM. However, the role of TPM3(E151G) in CM is unknown.

Methods
Histopathological, swimming behavior, and muscle endurance were monitored in TPM3 wild-type and mutant transgenic fish, modelling CM. Gene expression profiling of muscle of the transgenic fish were studied through RNAseq, and mitochondria respiration was investigated.

Results
While TPM3(WT) and TPM3(E151A) fish show normal appearance, amazingly a few TPM3(E151G) fish display either no tail, a crooked body in both F0 and F1 adults. Using histochemical staining for the muscle biopsy, we found TPM3(E151G) displays congenital fiber type disproportion and TPM3(E151A) resembles nemaline myopathy. TPM3(E151G) transgenic fish dramatically swimming slower than those in TPM3(WT) and TPM3(E151A) fish measured by DanioVision and T-maze, and exhibit weaker muscle endurance by swimming tunnel instrument. Interestingly, l-carnitine treatment on TPM3(E151G) transgenic larvae significantly improves the muscle endurance by restoring the basal respiration and ATP levels in mitochondria. With RNAseq transcriptomic analysis of the expression profiling from the muscle specimens, it surprisingly discloses large downregulation of genes involved in pathways of sodium, potassium, and calcium channels, which can be rescued by l-carnitine treatment, fatty acid metabolism was differentially dysregulated in TPM3(E151G) fish and rescued by l-carnitine treatment.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate that TPM3(E151G) and TPM3(E151A) exhibit different pathogenicity, also have distinct gene regulatory profiles but the ion channels were downregulated in both mutants, and provides a potential mechanism of action of TPM3 pathophysiology. Our results shed a new light in the future development of potential treatment for TPM3-related CM.
Ruling out COVID-19 by chest CT at emergency admission when prevalence is low: the prospective, observational SCOUT study
Authors: Teichgräber Ulf , Malouhi Amer , Ingwersen Maja , Neumann Rotraud , Reljic Marina , Deinhardt-Emmer Stefanie , Löffler Bettina , Behringer Wilhelm , Lewejohann Jan-Christoph , Stallmach Andreas , Reuken Philipp 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
It is essential to avoid admission of patients with undetected corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to hospitals’ general wards. Even repeated negative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results do not rule-out COVID-19 with certainty. The study aimed to evaluate a rule-out strategy for COVID-19 using chest computed tomography (CT) in adults being admitted to the emergency department and suspected of COVID-19.

Methods
In this prospective, single centre, diagnostic accuracy cohort study, consecutive adults (≥ 18 years) presenting with symptoms consistent with COVID-19 or previous contact to infected individuals, admitted to the emergency department and supposed to be referred to general ward were included in March and April 2020. All participants underwent low-dose chest CT. RT-PCR- and specific antibody tests were used as reference standard. Main outcome measures were sensitivity and specificity of chest CT. Predictive values were calculated based on the theorem of Bayes using Fagan’s nomogram.

Results
Of 165 participants (56.4% male, 71 ± 16 years) included in the study, the diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed with RT-PCR and AB tests in 13 participants (prevalence 7.9%). Sensitivity and specificity of chest CT were 84.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 54.6–98.1) and 94.7% (95% CI, 89.9–97.7), respectively. Positive and negative likelihood ratio of chest CT were 16.1 (95% CI, 7.9–32.8) and 0.16 (95% CI, 0.05–0.58) and positive and negative predictive value were 57.9% (95% CI, 40.3–73.7) and 98.6% (95% CI, 95.3–99.6), respectively.

Conclusion
At a low prevalence of COVID-19, chest CT could be used as a complement to repeated RT-PCR testing for early COVID-19 exclusion in adults with suspected infection before referral to hospital’s general wards.
Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04357938 April 22, 2020.
Development of a short food frequency questionnaire to assess diet quality in UK adolescents using the National Diet and Nutrition Survey
Authors:   the EACH-B Study Team, Shaw Sarah , Crozier Sarah , Strömmer Sofia , Inskip Hazel , Barker Mary , Vogel Christina 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
UK adolescents consume fewer fruits and vegetables and more free sugars than any other age group. Established techniques to understand diet quality can be difficult to use with adolescents because of high participant burden. This study aimed to identify key foods that indicate variation in diet quality in UK adolescents for inclusion in a short food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and to investigate the associations between adolescent diet quality, nutritional biomarkers and socio-demographic factors.

Methods
Dietary, demographic and biomarker data from waves 1–8 of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey rolling programme were used (n=2587; aged 11–18 years; 50% boys; n=≤997 biomarker data). Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to 139 food groups to identify the key patterns within the data. Two diet quality scores, a 139-group and 20-group, were calculated using the PCA coefficients for each food group and multiplying by their standardised reported frequency of consumption and then summing across foods. The foods with the 10 strongest positive and 10 strongest negative coefficients from the PCA results were used for the 20-group score. Scores were standardised to have a zero mean and standard deviation of one.

Results
The first PCA component explained 3.0% of variance in the dietary data and described a dietary pattern broadly aligned with UK dietary recommendations. A correlation of 0.87 was observed between the 139-group and 20-group scores. Bland-Altman mean difference was 0.00 and 95% limits of agreement were − 0.98 to 0.98 SDs. Correlations, in the expected direction, were seen between each nutritional biomarker and both scores; results attenuated slightly for the 20-group score compared to the 139-group score. Better diet quality was observed among girls, non-white populations and in those from higher socio-economic backgrounds for both scores.

Conclusions
The diet quality score based on 20 food groups showed reasonable agreement with the 139-group score. Both scores were correlated with nutritional biomarkers. A short 20-item FFQ can provide a meaningful and easy-to-implement tool to assess diet quality in large scale observational and intervention studies with adolescents.
Malonyl-proteome profiles of Staphylococcus aureus reveal lysine malonylation modification in enzymes involved in energy metabolism
Authors: Shi Yanan , Zhu Jingjing , Xu Yan , Tang Xiaozhao , Yang Zushun , Huang Aixiang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Protein lysine malonylation, a novel post-translational modification (PTM), has been recently linked with energy metabolism in bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus is the third most important foodborne pathogen worldwide. Nonetheless, substrates and biological roles of malonylation are still poorly understood in this pathogen.

Results
Using anti-malonyl-lysine antibody enrichment and high-resolution LC-MS/MS analysis, 440 lysine-malonylated sites were identified in 281 proteins of S. aureus strain. The frequency of valine in position − 1 and alanine at + 2 and + 4 positions was high. KEGG pathway analysis showed that six categories were highly enriched, including ribosome, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), valine, leucine, isoleucine degradation, and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. In total, 31 malonylated sites in S. aureus shared homology with lysine-malonylated sites previously identified in E. coli, indicating malonylated proteins are highly conserved among bacteria. Key rate-limiting enzymes in central carbon metabolic pathways were also found to be malonylated in S. aureus, namely pyruvate kinase (PYK), 6-phosphofructokinase, phosphoglycerate kinase, dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, and F1F0-ATP synthase. Notably, malonylation sites were found at or near protein active sites, including KH domain protein, thioredoxin, alanine dehydrogenase (ALD), dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (LpdA), pyruvate oxidase CidC, and catabolite control protein A (CcpA), thus suggesting that lysine malonylation may affect the activity of such enzymes.

Conclusions
Data presented herein expand the current knowledge on lysine malonylation in prokaryotes and indicate the potential roles of protein malonylation in bacterial physiology and metabolism.
Prognostic significance of enlarged paraaortic lymph nodes detected during left-sided colorectal cancer surgery: a single-center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lee Jaram , Park Hyeong-min , Lee Soo Young , Kim Chang Hyun , Kim Hyeong Rok 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Very few studies have been conducted on the treatment strategy for enlarged paraaortic lymph nodes (PALNs) incidentally detected during surgery. The purpose of this study was to investigate the benefit of lymph node dissection in patients with incidentally detected enlarged PALNs.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed patients with left colon and rectal cancer who underwent surgical resection with PALN dissection between January 2010 and December 2018. The predictive factors for pathologic PALN metastasis (PALNM) were analyzed, and survival analyses were conducted to identify prognostic factors.

Results
Among 263 patients included, 19 (7.2%) showed pathologic PALNM and 5 (26.33%) had enlarged PALNs incidentally detected during surgery. These 5 patients accounted for 2.2% of 227 patients who had no evidence of PALNM on preoperative radiologic examination. Radiologic PALNM (odds ratio [OR] 12.737, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.472–46.723) and radiologic distant metastasis other than PALNM (OR = 4.090, 95% CI 1.011–16.539) were independent predictive factors for pathologic PALNM. Pathologic T4 stage (hazard ratio [HR] 2.196, 95% CI 1.063–4.538) and R2 resection (HR 4.643, 95% CI 2.046–10.534) were independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS). In patients undergoing R0 resection, pathologic PALNM was not associated with 5-year OS (90% vs. 82.2%, p = 0.896).

Conclusion
Dissection of enlarged PALNs incidentally detected during colorectal surgery may benefit patients with favorable survival outcomes.
Assessing progress in the national health financing system towards universal health coverage in Iran: a mixed-method study protocol
Authors: Anjomshoa Mina , Akbari Sari Ali , Takian Amirhossein 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Health financing systems have a key role in achieving universal health coverage (UHC) across the globe. However, little is known about how best to monitor health financing system progress towards UHC, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This is a protocol of a study that will aim to assess health financing system progress towards achieving UHC in Iran.

Methods
An explanatory mixed-method approach will be used in two phases. In the quantitative phase, the performance of the Iranian health financing system will be assessed using a well-established set of indicators to draw on progress over 5-year intervals starting in the year 2000 up to the present. Data will be extracted from the global health expenditure database using a specific form and will be classified in accordance with each indicator. A qualitative phase will then take place considering the Kutzin et al. framework and by using health financing progress matrices. The qualitative phase will consist of two successive stages; first, a descriptive overview on the major health coverage schemes along with key attributes of each scheme. This initial mapping will be the underlying background for the second stage. In the second stage, the matrices comprised of a series of questions and relevant to the core functions of health financing and cross-cutting options will be invested in enhancing the evaluation of the ongoing reforms or policies. In this phase, data will be collected by reviewing national policy documents and in-depth interviews with key informants who will be recruited using purposive sampling. Finally, a policy discussion with key stakeholders will be held in order to review and verify the consistency between the current health financing policy and UHC goals.

Discussion
This study will provide a comprehensive image about the current status of the national health financing system progress towards achieving UHC in Iran. Such assessment will give detailed insight about the performance of the current financing system through identifying encountered challenges. Furthermore, some other defects in the design of the financing system are expected to appear. In all likelihood, the results will be fruitful enough to make informed decisions about interventions and policies in relation to UHC.

Ethics and dissemination
The study protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee for Research at Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Informed consent will be obtained from all key informants and the data will be collected and transcribed anonymously in order to maintain utmost confidentiality. The results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and presented in national and international conferences and meetings.
Interleukin-17 receptor D (Sef) is a multi-functional regulator of cell signaling
Authors: Pande Shivangi , Yang Xuehui , Friesel Robert 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInterleukin-17 receptor D (IL17RD or IL-17RD) also known as Sef (similar expression to fibroblast growth factor), is a single pass transmembrane protein that is reported to regulate several signaling pathways . IL17RD was initially described as a feedback inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling during zebrafish and frog development. It was subsequently determined to regulate other receptor tyrosine kinase signaling cascades as well as several proinflammatory signaling pathways including Interleukin-17A (IL17A), Toll-like receptors (TLR) and Interleukin-1α (IL1α) in several vertebrate species including humans. This review will provide an overview of IL17RD regulation of signaling pathways and functions with emphasis on regulation of development and pathobiological conditions. We will also discuss gaps in our knowledge about IL17RD function to provide insight into opportunities for future investigation.