bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A methodology for identifying high‐need, high‐cost patient personas for international comparisons
Authors: Figueroa Jose F. , Horneffer Kathryn E. , Riley Kristen , Abiona Olukorede , Arvin Mina , Atsma Femke , Bernal‐Delgado Enrique , Blankart Carl Rudolf , Bowden Nicholas , Deeny Sarah , Estupiñán‐Romero Francisco , Gauld Robin , Hansen Tonya Moen , Haywood Philip , Janlov Nils , Knight Hannah , Lorenzoni Luca , Marino Alberto , Or Zeynep , Pellet Leila , Orlander Duncan , Penneau Anne , Schoenfeld Andrew J. , Shatrov Kosta , Skudal Kjersti Eeg , Stafford Mai , van de Galien Onno , van Gool Kees , Wodchis Walter P. , Tanke Marit , Jha Ashish K. , Papanicolas Irene 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo establish a methodological approach to compare two high‐need, high‐cost (HNHC) patient personas internationally.Data sourcesLinked individual‐level administrative data from the inpatient and outpatient sectors compiled by the International Collaborative on Costs, Outcomes, and Needs in Care (ICCONIC) across 11 countries: Australia, Canada, England, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States.Study designWe outline a methodological approach to identify HNHC patient types for international comparisons that reflect complex, priority populations defined by the National Academy of Medicine. We define two patient profiles using accessible patient‐level datasets linked across different domains of care—hospital care, primary care, outpatient specialty care, post‐acute rehabilitative care, long‐term care, home‐health care, and outpatient drugs. The personas include a frail older adult with a hip fracture with subsequent hip replacement and an older person with complex multimorbidity, including heart failure and diabetes. We demonstrate their comparability by examining the characteristics and clinical diagnoses captured across countries.Data collection/extraction methodsData collected by ICCONIC partners.Principal findingsAcross 11 countries, the identification of HNHC patient personas was feasible to examine variations in healthcare utilization, spending, and patient outcomes. The ability of countries to examine linked, individual‐level data varied, with the Netherlands, Canada, and Germany able to comprehensively examine care across all seven domains, whereas other countries such as England, Switzerland, and New Zealand were more limited. All countries were able to identify a hip fracture persona and a heart failure persona. Patient characteristics were reassuringly similar across countries.ConclusionAlthough there are cross‐country differences in the availability and structure of data sources, countries had the ability to effectively identify comparable HNHC personas for international study. This work serves as the methodological paper for six accompanying papers examining differences in spending, utilization, and outcomes for these personas across countries.
Situated learning: Food safety among Chinese food vendors
Authors: Wachenheim Cheryl 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA situated learning exercise was employed to teach food safety content in agribusiness management classes at Renmin University in China. Pedagogical objectives included proficiency at identification and assessment of food safety risk factors, source causation factors, and risk mitigation strategies. Identified themes emerging from student ex‐post questionnaire responses suggest these objectives were successfully met as students reflected on the process of observing and participating in street food markets and their instinctive reaction to stimuli encountered (affective interpretation), resulting changes in their attitudes and perceptions (cognitive response), and changes in behaviors. Additional learning objectives were defined as an outcome of the learning exercise including identifying and assessing the impact of stimuli and the resulting emotions on attitudes and perceptions; attributing source of food safety concerns to various actors and processes in street food markets; and identifying potential solutions to the environments and practices that generate food safety concerns.
Comparing postinduction hypoxemia between ramped and supine position endotracheal intubations with apneic oxygenation in the emergency department
Authors: Nikolla Dhimitri A. , Carlson Jestin N. , Jimenez Stuart Paul M. , Asar Irtaza , April Michael D. , Kaji Amy H. , Brown Calvin A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionRamped position and apneic oxygenation are strategies to mitigate hypoxemia; however, the benefits of these strategies when utilized together remain unclear. Therefore, we compared first‐attempt, postinduction hypoxemia between adult emergency department (ED) endotracheal intubations performed with apneic oxygenation in the ramped versus supine positions.MethodsWe used the National Emergency Airway Registry (NEAR), a multicenter registry of data on ED intubations from 25 academic and community sites. We included first‐attempt intubations with direct (DL) and video (VL) laryngoscopy in subjects ≥ 18 years old with nontrauma indications receiving apneic oxygenation. We examined patient characteristics (e.g., sex, obesity) and key intubation outcomes, including hypoxemia (primary outcome), first‐pass success, and other adverse events (e.g., bradycardia). In addition, we examined unadjusted odds ratios (OR) and adjusted ORs (aOR) for key variables and stratified by laryngoscope type.ResultsWe included 210 ramped cases and 1,820 supine cases in the DL cohort and 202 ramped and 1,626 supine cases in the VL cohort. Rates of postinduction hypoxemia were similar between supine and ramped position in both the DL cohort (supine 6.5% and ramped 7.6%, aOR [95% CI] = 0.96 [0.55 to 1.67]) and the VL cohort (supine 10.1% and ramped 12.4%, aOR [95% CI] = 0.97 [0.60 to 1.56]). Other outcomes were also similar between groups.ConclusionUsing this large national data set, we did not identify a difference in postinduction hypoxemia between ramped and supine positions in this cohort of ED intubations with apneic oxygenation.
Economic effects of climate change on agricultural production and productivity in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)
Authors: Lachaud Michée A. , Bravo‐Ureta Boris E. , Ludena Carlos E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractClimate projections indicate that temperatures in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) will rise by between 1.6 °C and 4 °C by the end of the century while changes in precipitation levels are expected to vary significantly across the region. This article estimates the impact of climate change on total factor productivity (TFP) and production. It combines data from the University of East Anglia's Climatic Research Unit (CRU), the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) on 28 LAC countries for a 54‐year period (1961–2014) in order to inform policy makers of the cost of output losses in the absence of viable climate adaptation strategies. We use estimates of a random‐parameter stochastic production frontier (SPF) model specification to capture heterogeneity in technology and partial output elasticities across countries and unobserved environmental characteristics. Results show that change in output is mainly driven by an average annual TFP growth rate of .95%. Climate change induces significant reductions (9.03–12.7%) in productivity over the 2015–2050 period. In terms of output, these losses range from USD $14.7 to $31.4 billion dollars in the LAC region, depending on the scenario and the discount rate used.
Audiologists’ perspective on the treatment of ear‐related ear, nose, and throat conditions in rural Victoria
Authors: O’Neill Susan , Van Vuuren Julia , Begg Stephen , MacDermott Sean , MacDonald Jane , Spelten Evelien 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo understand the experience of audiologists in managing and treating ear‐related ear, nose and throat conditions in rural areas, and to identify the compounding factors that influence patient outcomes and potential targets for intervention.DesignA focus group was conducted using a qualitative descriptive approach. Responses were audio‐recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed.SettingThe focus group was conducted in the rural town of Mildura in the state of Victoria, Australia.ParticipantsA sample of 19 audiologists from Victoria participated, of which 14 were rurally based and 5 were metropolitan‐based. The length of participants’ professional experience ranged from 1 to 43 years.ResultsLong wait lists, and a lack of locally based ear, nose and throat surgeons were identified as barriers to the treatment of ear‐related ear, nose and throat conditions. Open communication between health services and efficient care for time‐sensitive conditions were seen as outcomes of good practice. Hand hygiene, nose‐blowing, reducing tobacco smoke exposure and promoting the use of noise protective equipment were the 4 community health campaigns mentioned to support ear care for those residing in rural areas. Additional themes of ear conditions, treatment, management and primary health care were identified.ConclusionImproving referral pathways for the treatment of ear‐related ear, nose and throat conditions, and providing education about ear, nose and throat assessment and treatment in primary health care settings could increase appropriate referrals, improve patient outcomes and reduce wait periods for treatment.
Word Order Variation is Partially Constrained by Syntactic Complexity
Authors: Jing Yingqi , Widmer Paul , Bickel Balthasar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPrevious work suggests that when speakers linearize syntactic structures, they place longer and more complex dependents further away from the head word to which they belong than shorter and simpler dependents, and that they do so with increasing rigidity the longer expressions get, for example, longer objects tend to be placed further away from their verb, and with less variation. Current theories of sentence processing furthermore make competing predictions on whether longer expressions are preferentially placed as early or as late as possible. Here we test these predictions using hierarchical distributional regression models that allow estimates of word order and word order variation at the level of individual dependencies in corpora from 71 languages, while controlling for confounding effects from the type of dependency (e.g., subject vs. object), and the type of clause (main vs. subordinate) involved as well as from trends that are characteristic of individual languages, language families, and language contact areas. Our results show the expected correlations of length with position and variation only for two out of six dependency types (obliques and nominal modifiers) and no difference between clause types. These findings challenge received theories of across‐the‐board effects of complexity on word order and word order variation and call for theoretical models that relativize effects to specific kinds of syntactic structures and dependencies.
Developing a nature recovery network using systematic conservation planning
Authors: Smith Robert J. , Cartwright Samantha J. , Fairbairn Andrew C. , Lewis Deborah C. , Gibbon Gwili E. M. , Stewart Claire L. , Sykes Rachel E. , Addison Prue F. E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractConservation area networks in most countries are fragmented and inadequate. To tackle this in England, government policies are encouraging stakeholders to create local‐level nature recovery networks. Here, we describe work led by a wildlife organization that used the systematic conservation planning approach to identify a nature recovery network for three English counties and select focal areas within it where they will focus their work. The network was based on identifying core zones to maintain current biodiversity and recovery zones for habitat restoration, meeting area‐based targets for 50 priority habitat, landscape, landcover, and ecosystem service types. It included the existing designated sites for conservation, which cover 6.05% of the study site, and identified an additional 11.6% of land as core zones and 18% as recovery zones, reflecting the organization's call for 30% of England to be conserved and connected by 2030. We found that systematic conservation planning worked well in this context, identifying a connected, adequate, representative, and efficient network and producing transparent and repeatable results. The analysis also highlighted the pressing need for government agencies to provide national‐level guidance and datasets for setting targets and including species data in spatial planning, creating a national framework to inform local action.
Intraperitoneal pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in patients on automated peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Lam Edwin , Ting (Kayla) Lien Yi , Kraft Walter K. , Stickle Douglas F. , Piraino Beth , Zhang Jingjing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIt is unclear if the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin are the same during automated peritoneal dialysis (APD), where cycler exchanges may affect the systemic, peritoneal, and urinary disposition of drug. We conducted a prospective pharmacokinetic study evaluating the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in plasma, dialysis fluid, and urine in peritonitis‐negative patients on APD. Patients underwent four drug‐free exchanges with 1.5% or 2.5% dextrose following the initial dwell period. Plasma, dialysis fluid, and urine was collected over the course of 7 days for pharmacokinetic analysis. Four patients completed the study with no adverse events. Following a median (range) dwell of 14.6 (14.2–17.6 h), the mean (±SD) observed maximum plasma concentration was 28.7 ± 4.9 mg/L with a mean bioavailability of 98.5 ± 1.4% prior to starting the cycler. The overall mean total plasma clearance estimated from study start to completion was 7.6 ± 1.2 ml/min. Mean total clearance during the dialytic exchange was 13.6 ± 4.9 ml/min. In patients with residual renal function, the mean vancomycin renal clearance was 3.1 ± 1.5 ml/min, representing 21.4%–58.9% of the overall total plasma clearance during the study period. Despite the small sample size, this pilot study suggests that the dwell time has important implications for systemic vancomycin exposure, time to therapeutic plasma concentration, and dosing. Dose is driven by dwell time, whereas the cycler determines the dosing interval. Rapid exchanges from APD will determine the frequency of dosing rather than the adequacy of absorption when vancomycin is given in the peritoneum.
Variation in escape response of Himalayan marmots (Marmota himalayana) under different human disturbances
Authors: Guo Cheng , Zhou Shuailing , Krzton Ali , Xiang Zuofu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe measured flight initiation distance (FID) and distance fled (DF) of Himalayan marmots (Marmota himalayana) from three populations suffering different human disturbances when they are near (<5 m) and away from (>5 m) a potential refuge to analyze the effects of varied disturbance intensity on their FID, DF, and the interaction between the two parameters. We found that: (1) highly disturbed individuals have shorter FIDs and smaller standard deviation of FID relative to undisturbed individuals, but there was no difference between lowly disturbed and undisturbed individuals. The diversifications arise possibly because extensive disturbance enhances the risk perception threshold of highly disturbed marmots but their lowly disturbed congeners; (2) the DF of highly disturbed individuals was shorter than undisturbed individuals, possibly because heavy disturbances drive reproductive pairs to dig more burrows in the habitat, resulting in the reduced inter‐burrow distance and thus decreased DF. No similar diversifications were observed between lowly disturbed individuals and individuals in the other two populations, possibly because reproductive pairs from low disturbance population concentrate their burrows, resulting in shorter DF when they are near their burrows, but longer DF when they are farther away; and (3) unlike lowly and undisturbed marmots, FID of highly disturbed individuals under different DFs differed significantly, potentially because shorter inter‐burrow distance reduced their flight costs, resulting in more tolerance of human proximity. Nevertheless, the DF‐derived risk perception threshold of undisturbed and lowly disturbed individuals drives them to prioritize fleeing when threatened. Generally, the escape response of Himalayan marmots under different human disturbances is determined by the interaction between predation risk and flight costs.
Advancing the treatment of human agency in the analysis of regional economic development: Illustrated with three Norwegian cases
Authors: Grillitsch Markus , Asheim Bjørn , Isaksen Arne , Nielsen Hjalti 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHuman agency has become a core topic in economic geography complementing traditional, structural approaches to explain regional development. This paper contributes firstly with a discussion of the theoretical and conceptual relationships between the agency of individuals, organizations, and systems. Secondly, it proposes a novel analytical framework for studying how human agency, combined with external changes affects regional economic development, and how regional structural preconditions and external changes explain the activation of change agency. Thirdly, the relevance of the framework is examined through comparative studies of about 20 years of industrial development in three Norwegian regions. This illuminates the importance of human agency in regional transformation processes, how regional preconditions influence but not determine the activation of change agency, as well as why and how regional policy plays a role in the emergence of change agency. Yet, future research needs to investigate the context conditions, which promote or hinder the activation of change agency, to trace change in economic activities over time and link it to causal mechanisms, and to pay attention to the unintended consequences of change agency in the longer‐term.
The association between the supplemental nutrition assistance programme participation and dental caries among U.S. adults
Authors: Bahanan Lina , Singhal Astha , Zhao Yihong , Scott Thayer , Kaye Elizabeth 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Programme (SNAP) is a federal programme aimed to alleviate hunger and improve food insecurity. The impact of SNAP participation on overall health has been studied. However, little is known about the effects of SNAP participation on oral health. We aimed to investigate the association between participating in SNAP and dental caries and to explore the role of food insecurity as a moderator in this relationship.MethodsWe obtained data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles 2011–2012 and 2013–2014.The primary outcome was untreated dental caries (none vs. one or more). Self‐reported SNAP participation status in the past 12 months was the predictor, and food security was the moderator. Food security was measured as overall food security status (full food secure/ food insecure) and household‐level food security (full, marginal, low and very low). Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the relationship between SNAP and dental caries, and whether food insecurity moderates this relationship. Statistical analysis was carried out in September 2020.ResultsOur results suggested that after adjusting for potential confounders, SNAP participants were more likely to have untreated dental caries than non‐SNAP participants (odds ratio: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.2–2.0). Food security status did not alter the relationship between SNAP participation and untreated dental caries.ConclusionsFood security status did not alter the relationship between SNAP participation and untreated dental caries. SNAP participation was associated with untreated dental caries among U.S. adults, and this was not affected by their food security status.
International Council of Nurses’ Global Nursing Leadership Institute: Responding to the pandemic
Authors: Mason Diana J. , Salvage Jane 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn 2020, the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic forced the redesign of the International Council of Nurses’ (ICN) Global Nursing Leadership Institute (GNLI) that heretofore had included an intensive, week‐long residential experience in Geneva, Switzerland.AimThis paper describes the development, implementation, challenges and preliminary outcomes of an approach that regionalized GNLI and delivered it online, while preserving some cross‐regional connections among participants.ResultsA virtual approach to a global policy leadership programme cannot replace the richness of an intensive, concentrated residential one, but the redesign of GNLI has given ICN, its member national nursing associations and individual nurse leaders previously unexplored opportunities for networking and collaboration aligned with the six WHO regions, and for cross‐region networking and discussions of global issues.Conclusion and implications for nursing and/or health policyThe SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic has highlighted the need for nursing leadership in policy and practice. A virtual approach to leadership development can increase the reach of programmes that seek to build nursing's capacity to advance health‐promoting policies in workplaces, organizations and nations.
Church and Cultures in the Catholic Missionary Renewal of the Early 20th Century
Authors: Marinaccio Roberto 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article investigates the relationship between the church and indigenous cultures in the field of missionary renewal in the early 20th century, focusing on three influential Catholic figures: Celso Costantini, Paolo Manna, and Vittorino Vanzin. In analyzing their thought and writings, the research highlights the transformation of the linguistic and conceptual tools in missiology regarding the topic in question. This transformation is articulated in three key processes: the shift from “missions” to “local churches,” “indigenization,” and the “evangelization of cultures.”
The Liberating Humour of Desmond Tutu
Authors: Maluleke Tinyiko 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFocusing on the humanizing humour of Desmond Tutu, this article explores the ways in which oppressed people employed (Christian) humour – amid the most difficult living conditions – during the South African struggle against the apartheid system. For comparative purposes and in order to place Desmond Tutu alongside fellow anti‐apartheid leaders as well as within the societal milieu within which they all worked, we also briefly consider the use of humour in the life and work of both Nelson Mandela and Steve Biko. We conclude that, in his activism, in his preaching, in his public speaking, and in the conduct of his spirituality, Desmond Tutu has been one of the most effective employers of humour as a tool for the humanization of insiders and outsiders, friends and foes, humans and fellow creatures.