bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Color adjustment potential of resin composites: Optical illusion or physical reality, a comprehensive overview
Authors: Ismail Eman H. , Paravina Rade D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe objective was to provide a comprehensive overview of color interactions between resin composite (RC) and its surroundings, analyze the design and results of respective research studies, and provide clinical and research recommendations.OverviewResin composite (RC) materials can adjust their color to that of surrounding enamel and dentin to a different extent. This phenomenon has been referred to as the “chameleon effect” in dental jargon, while color blending/adjustment/shifting/assimilation is more scientific terms. Studies that evaluated the color adjustment potential of RCs have employed different methods. This article discusses the (a) terminology used to describe color adjustment potential, (b) color science theories associated with color adjustment, (c) design of respective studies, including methods, specimens, and calculations, and (d) their outcome and reported results. Clinical implications and future directions related to the color adjustment potential of RCs are also provided.ConclusionsFactors that influence the color adjustment potential of RCs are classified into three categories: (1) material type, (2) cavity design, and (3) the substrate surrounding the restoration. Each factor can be optimized to enhance color matching and the restorative outcome.Clinical significanceA material that blends well and exhibits pronounced color adjustment potential would likely improve the color match and therefore the esthetic outcome. These materials “work” for dental professionals by compensating for their suboptimal shade matching and/or lack of an excellent match in the used material. This review aims to further the understanding of the inherent properties of RCs and allow clinicians to fully utilize them to place RC restorations and minimize the time spent on modifying or replacing existing ones. Hence, the outcomes would encompass the increased chairside efficiency, enhanced esthetic outcome, and patient satisfaction.
Characterization of Edwardsiella piscicida CK108 flagellin genes and evaluation of their potential as vaccine targets in the zebrafish model
Authors: Choe Yunjeong , Lee Donghee , Seong Minji , Yoon Ju Bin , Yang Jun Hyeok , Yang Jin‐Young , Moon Ki Hwan , Kang Ho Young 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe control of bacterial pathogens, including Edwardsiella piscicida, in the aquaculture industry has high economic importance. This study aimed to identify a potential live vaccine candidate against E. piscicida infection to minimize the side effects and elicit immunity in the host. This study evaluated the virulence factors of E. piscicida CK108, with a special focus on the flagella. E. piscicida has two important homologous flagellin genes, namely flagellin‐associated protein (fap) and flagellin domain‐containing protein (fdp). CK226 (Δfap), CK247 (Δfdp) and CK248 (Δfap, fdp) mutant strains were constructed. Both CK226 and CK247 displayed decreased length and thickness of flagellar filaments, resulting in reduced bacterial swimming motility, while CK248 was non‐motile as it lacked flagella. The loss of flagella and decreased motility was expected to decrease the pathogenicity of CK248. However, the median lethal dose (LD50) of CK248 against zebrafish was lower than those of the wild‐type, CK226 and CK247 strains. The protective immunity and cytokine gene expression levels in the CK248‐infected zebrafish were lower than those in the wild type‐infected zebrafish. In conclusion, Fap and Fdp are essential for flagella formation and motility, and for stimulating fish immune response, which can be utilized as a potential adjuvants for E. piscicida vaccination.
Susceptibility of a cell line derived from the kidney of Chinese rice‐field eel, Monopterus albus to the infection of rhabdovirus, CrERV
Authors: Liu Wenzhi , Fan Yuding , Zhou Yong , Jiang Nan , Li Yiqun , Meng Yan , Xue Mingyang , Li Zhong , Zeng Lingbing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChinese rice‐field eels rhabdovirus (CrERV), belonging to the genus Perhabdovirus in the family Rhabdoviridae, is the causative agent of the haemorrhagic disease of Chinese rice‐field eels, Monopterus albus. The present study aims to establish a cell line derived from the kidney of Chinese rice‐field eel (CrEK) for the further study of the pathogenic virus. CrEK cells were epithelioid‐like and grew well in M199 medium supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum at 28°C, and the cell line has been subcultured for more than 80 times. Karyotyping analysis of CrEK cells at 25th passage indicated a modal chromosome number of 24. Significant cytopathic effect (CPE) was observed in CrEK cells after infection with CrERV, and the virus titre reached 107.8 ± 0.45 TCID50/mL. The transmission electron microscopy revealed that there were a large number of virus particles in the cytoplasm of cells. The virus infection in cells was also assayed by using indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), reverse transcription PCR (RT‐PCR) and quantitative real‐time reverse transcription‐PCR (qRT‐PCR). In experimental infection, CrERV cultured by cells could cause over 90% mortality in fish. CrEK represents the first kidney cell line originated from Chinese rice‐field eels and be a potential material for investigating the mechanism of virus infection in this fish and the control methods for the disease.
Exploration of risk factors for high‐risk adverse events in elderly patients after discharge and comparison of discharge planning screening tools
Authors: Yen Hsin‐Yen , Lin Siou‐Chun , Chi Mei‐Ju 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesDischarge planning is an effective strategy to prevent adverse health events and reduce medical expenditures. The high‐risk target populations of discharged elderly patients and important predictors for the occurrence of adverse events are still not clear. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to examine the validity of discharge planning screening tools in sufficiently identifying high‐risk adverse events to health after discharge and to compare two screening tools with our study model.DesignWe conducted a prospective study and recruited elderly patients who had had no hospitalization within 3 months before admission to 13 general wards of a medical center in northern Taiwan from November 2018 to May 2020.MethodsElderly patients were randomly selected during the study period. Within 24 h of admission, patients were asked to consent to join this study. After the patient was discharged, the patient's health and hospitalization for the next year were tracked by telephone interviews.ResultsIn total, 300 participants were recruited for this study. Incidences of high‐risk adverse events within 30 days, 60 days, and 12 months after discharge were 20.3%, 25.7%, and 48.7% respectively. A logistic regression showed that an increased age, physical or mental disabilities or a major illness, a low body‐mass index, and having been hospitalized in the past year were significantly related to the occurrence of high‐risk events among elderly discharge patients. The pooled sensitivity of the Pra was 52% and the specificity was 72%; the pooled sensitivity of the LACE index was 67% and the specificity was 36%. The predictive model of this study had a higher discriminatory power than the Pra and LACE index for high‐risk events after discharge.ConclusionsElderly patients are more vulnerable to high‐risk adverse events after discharge. Both the LACE index and Pra are useful discharge planning screening tools to screen for high‐risk adverse events after discharge. Elderly patients need more‐active and complete continuity of care plans and discharge planning services to ensure that the overall quality of patient care can be improved and readmissions and mortality reduced.Clinical relevanceThe findings of this study can provide information for discharge planning managers to identify high‐risk elderly patients during hospitalization and promptly offer care education or resources to improve care management.
Causal effects from non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease on kidney function: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Park Sehoon , Lee Soojin , Kim Yaerim , Cho Semin , Kim Kwangsoo , Chul Kim Yong , Han Seung Seok , Lee Hajeong , Lee Jung Pyo , Joo Kwon Wook , Lim Chun Soo , Kim Yon Su , Kim Dong Ki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsAn observational association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and kidney function impairment has been reported. We aimed to investigate the causal effects from NAFLD on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by a Mendelian randomization (MR) study.MethodsWe first performed single‐variant MR with rs738409 as a genetic instrument for NAFLD. Another genetic instrument was developed from a genome‐wide association study for biopsy‐confirmed NAFLD among individuals of European ancestry (1483 cases and 17 781 controls). The eGFR outcome was assessed in individuals of white British ancestry from the UK Biobank (N = 321 405). The associations were reassessed in the negative control subgroup (body mass index < 30 kg/m2, absence of central obesity, and serum alanine aminotransferase level ≤ 20 IU/mL) with a low probability of developing NAFLD. As a replication analysis, a summary‐level MR was performed with the European ancestry CKDGen dataset (N = 567 460).ResultsIn the UK Biobank, a genetic predisposition for NAFLD, determined either by the single SNP rs738409 or by the group of variants, was significantly associated with a reduced eGFR even with adjustment for metabolic disorders. Although the associations were not significant in the negative control subgroup with a low probability of developing NAFLD, they were significant in the subgroup with a remaining risk of NAFLD, suggesting the absence of a horizontal pleiotropic pathway. The summary‐level MR from the CKDGen dataset supported the causal effects of NAFLD on reduced eGFR.ConclusionsThis MR analysis supports the causal reduction in kidney function by NAFLD.
Evaluation of phenolic content of wrack debris on estuarine beaches: The effect on upper beach macrofauna
Authors: Gómez Marina , Barreiro Francisco , López Jesús , Lastra Mariano 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWrack supply represents the main organic input in sandy beaches ecosystems and is a common feature of beaches around the world. The chemical composition of the wrack is important in determining the extent and rate of the decay; in particular, phenolic compounds may affect consumption rates by wrack‐associated macrofauna and, consequently, modify the nutrient processing and recycling in sandy beaches. The aim of this research was to investigate the possible links between phenolic content of wrack supplies and the macrofaunal community inhabiting them. To achieve this, patches of wrack in three beaches of the NW coast of Spain were analysed and the phenolic contents and macrofaunal distribution, both at spatial and temporal scales, were assessed. Wrack and macrofaunal samples were collected along two shore‐parallel transects, coinciding with the wrack lines of previous tidal deposition. The results showed a general spatial distribution in the phenolic content of the beach‐cast according to their tidal position on the beach. Thus, two distinct zones were identified: the “spring‐tide deposited” zone located in the upper beach close to the base of the dunes and composed by wrack material with the lowest phenolic concentrations; and a “freshly deposited” zone with wrack deposits containing the highest concentrations of deterrent compounds. Nevertheless, only supratidal grazers, mostly linked to fresh deposits, have shown a slightly negative association between their abundance and the increasing phenolic contents of the stranded macroalgae. The lack of a consistent pattern in macrofaunal occupation of fresh and decayed drift lines detected suggests the species could be selecting habitats for reasons other than phenolic content.
Exploring power dynamics and their impact on intraprofessional learning
Authors: Looman Natasja , van Woezik Tamara , van Asselt Dieneke , Scherpbier‐de Haan Nynke , Fluit Cornelia , de Graaf Jacqueline 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundDuring postgraduate training, considerable efforts for intraprofessional education are in place to prepare primary care residents (PC residents) and medical specialty residents (MS residents) for intraprofessional collaboration (intraPC). Power dynamics are inherently present in such hierarchical medical contexts. This affects intraPC (learning). Yet little attention has been paid to factors that impact power dynamics. This study aims to explore power dynamics and their impact on intraPC learning between PC residents and MS residents during hospital placements.MethodsThis study expands on previously published ethnographic research investigating opportunities and barriers for intraPC learning among residents in five Dutch hospitals. We analysed transcripts of observations and in‐depth interviews using template analysis. A critical theory paradigm was employed. Discourse analysis additionally informed the data.ResultsWe defined five interrelated themes that describe characteristics of power dynamics in intraPC learning during hospital placements: beliefs; power distribution; interaction style; subjection; and fearless learning. Power dynamics operate both within and between the themes: power distribution between PC residents, MS residents and MS supervisors seemed to be an attribution affected by underlying beliefs about professional norms or about other professions; beliefs influenced the way PC residents, MS residents and MS supervisors interacted; power distribution based on inequity could lead to subjection of PC residents; power distribution based on equity could lead to fearless learning; and open interactions enabled fearless intraPC learning.ConclusionsPower dynamics have an impact on intraPC learning among residents in hospitals. Constructive power dynamics occur when power distribution is based on equity, combined with sincere open interactions, actively inviting each other into discussions and enlisting the support of MS supervisors to foster fearless learning. This can be achieved by creating awareness of implicit beliefs and making them explicit, recognising interaction that encourages intraPC learning and creating policies that support fearless intraPC learning.
Real‐life applicability of the Euroarray dermatomycosis kit in the diagnosis of onychomycosis
Authors: Trave Ilaria , Cozzani Emanuele , Canepa Paola , Verdiani Simonetta , Parodi Aurora 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundTraditionally, KOH microscopy and fungal culture are the two preferred tests as gold standard for diagnosis of onychomycosis. Recently, other diagnostic methods have been developed to improve the microbiological diagnosis. The EUROArray dermatomycosis kit is a PCR‐based microarray test system for the detection and direct identification of species that are most frequently involved in skin and nail infections.ObjectivesOur primary aim was to evaluate the real‐life applicability of the EUROArray dermatomycosis kit in the diagnosis of onychomycoses. In addition, we compared the aetiology of onychomycoses found in our patients with those described in the literature.Patients/MethodsWe prospectively studied consecutive 100 patients with suspected onychomycoses. Samples of suspect toenails were taken as part of routine medical management. Nail specimens were evaluated by means of three diagnostic methods: KOH preparation, culture and EUROArray dermatomycosis kit.ResultsOnychomycosis was diagnosed in 47/100 patients who proved positive on at least one reference diagnostic test and in 49/100 patients who proved positive on PCR. The combination of microscopy and PCR had better sensitivity than microscopy (p = .0397), fungal culture (p = .0061) and PCR alone (p = .0117). Moulds were more frequently positive in culture than in PCR (p = .033). Dermatophytes proved positive more frequent than moulds and yeasts in both culture and PCR; in particular, Trichophyton interdigitale was the most frequent pathogen.ConclusionsIn conclusion, introducing EUROArray dermatomycosis kit into the diagnostic algorithm of onychomycosis increases the sensitivity of direct microscopy and yields more rapid results than culture.
Awareness, attitudes and the environmental engagement of young adults in New Zealand
Authors: Falloon Alice , Freeman Claire , van Heezik Yolanda 
Published: November 2021

AbstractYoung adults today will be at the forefront of future biodiversity actions and decision‐making, making it vital to understand their attitudes towards engagement in environmental initiatives. An online survey of 286 New Zealand young adults (age 18–25 years) revealed an awareness of relevant conservation issues and positive attitudes towards a range of conservation actions. However, only 25% belonged to more formal environmental groups. This low level of engagement demonstrated the need for adopting different modes of environmental engagement from those used currently. Conservationists need to develop ways to capitalise on this latent interest and translate it into more active engagement.
Assessment of automatic cephalometric landmark identification using artificial intelligence
Authors: Bulatova Galina , Kusnoto Budi , Grace Viana , Tsay T. Peter , Avenetti David M. , Sanchez Flavio Jose Castelli 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the accuracy of cephalometric landmark identification between artificial intelligence (AI) deep learning convolutional neural networks (CNN) You Only Look Once, Version 3 (YOLOv3) algorithm and the manually traced (MT) group.Setting and sample populationThe American Association of Orthodontists Federation (AAOF) Legacy Denver collection was used to obtain 110 cephalometric images for this study.Materials and MethodsLateral cephalograms were digitized and traced by a calibrated senior orthodontic resident using Dolphin Imaging. The same images were uploaded to AI software Ceppro DDH Inc The Cartesian system of coordinates with Sella as the reference landmark was used to extract x‐ and y‐coordinates for 16 cephalometric points: Nasion (Na), A point, B point, Menton (Me), Gonion (Go), Upper incisor tip, Lower incisor tip, Upper incisor apex, Lower incisor apex, Anterior Nasal Spine (ANS), Posterior Nasal Spine (PNS), Pogonion (Pg), Pterigomaxillary fissure point (Pt), Basion (Ba), Articulare (Art) and Orbitale (Or). The mean distances were assessed relative to the reference value of 2 mm. Student paired t‐tests at significance level of P < .05 were used to compare the mean differences in each of the x‐ and y‐components. SPSS (IBM‐vs. 27.0) software was used for the data analysis.ResultsThere was no statistical difference for 12 out of 16 points when analysing absolute differences between MT and AI groups.ConclusionAI may increase efficiency without compromising accuracy with cephalometric tracings in routine clinical practice and in research settings.
The exceptional attachment ability of the ectoparasitic bee louse Braula coeca (Diptera, Braulidae) on the honeybee
Authors: Büscher Thies H. , Petersen Dennis S. , Bijma Nienke N. , Bäumler Fabian , Pirk Christian W. W. , Büsse Sebastian , Heepe Lars , Gorb Stanislav N. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBee lice (Braulidae) are small parasitic flies, which are adapted to live on their bee host. As such, the wingless Braula coeca is a parasite of the common honey bee Apis mellifera and it is well adapted to attach to its hairy surface. The attachment system of B. coeca provides a secure grip on the fine setae of the bee. This is crucial for the parasite survival, as detachment from the host is fatal for the bee louse. The feet morphology of B. coeca is well adapted to the challenging bee surface, notably by strongly broadened claws, which are split into a high number of comb‐like teeth, perfectly matching the diameter of the bee hairs. Based on microscopy observations, both the morphology and material composition of the tarsi of B. coeca are characterized in detail. Using high‐speed video analysis, we combine the morphology data on the attachment system with a behavioural context. Furthermore, we directly measured the attachment forces generated by the bee lice in contact with the host. In particular, the claws are involved in attachment to the host, as the interstices between the teeth‐like spines allow for the collection of several hairs and generate strong friction, when the hairs slip to the narrow gap between the spines. The overall morphology of the tarsus produces strong attachment, with average safety factors (force per body weight) around 1130, and stabilizes the tarsal chain with lateral stoppers against overflexion, but also allows for the fast detachment by the tarsal chain torsion.
The Nutrition in Early Life and Asthma (NELA) birth cohort study: Rationale, design, and methods
Authors: Morales Eva , Alcantara‐Lopez Maria V. , Cabezas‐Herrera Juan , de Diego Teresa , Hernandez‐Caselles Trinidad , Jimenez‐Guerrero Pedro , Larque Elvira , Lopez‐Soler Concepción , Martinez‐Gracia Carmen , Martinez‐Torres Antonela , Martin‐Orozco Elena , Mendiola Jaime , Nieto‐Díaz Anibal , Noguera Jose A. , Perez‐Fernandez Virginia , Prieto‐Sánchez M. Teresa , Salvador‐Garcia Carme , Sanchez‐Solis Manuel , Santaella‐Pascual Marina , Sola‐Martinez Rosa A. , Torres‐Cantero Alberto , Yagüe‐Guirao Genoveva , Zornoza‐Moreno Matilde , Garcia‐Marcos Luis ,   the NELA Study Group
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrimary prevention strategies for asthma are lacking. Its inception probably starts in utero and/or during the early postnatal period as the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) paradigm suggests.ObjectivesThe main objective of Nutrition in Early Life and Asthma (NELA) cohort study is to unravel whether the following factors contribute causally to the developmental origins of asthma: (1) maternal obesity/adiposity and foetal growth; (2) maternal and child nutrition; (3) outdoor air pollution; (4) endocrine disruptors; and (5) maternal psychological stress. Maternal and offspring biological samples are used to assess changes in offspring microbiome, immune system, epigenome and volatilome as potential mechanisms influencing disease susceptibility.PopulationRandomly selected pregnant women from three health areas of Murcia, a south‐eastern Mediterranean region of Spain, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were invited to participate at the time of the follow‐up visit for routine foetal anatomy scan at 19–22 weeks of gestation, at the Maternal‐Fetal Medicine Unit of the “Virgen de la Arrixaca” University Clinical Hospital over a 36‐month period, from March 2015 to April 2018.DesignProspective, population‐based, maternal‐child, birth cohort study.MethodsQuestionnaires on exposures and outcome variables were administered to mothers at 20–24 gestation week; 32–36 gestation week; and delivery. Children were surveyed at birth, 3 and 18 months of age and currently at 5 years. Furthermore, physical examinations were performed; and different measurements and biological samples were obtained at these time points.Preliminary resultsAmong the 1350 women invited to participate, 738 (54%) were finally enrolled in the study and 720 of their children were eligible at birth. The adherence was high with 612 children (83%) attending the 3 months’ visit and 532 children (72%) attending the 18 months’ visit.ConclusionThe NELA cohort will add original and unique knowledge to the developmental origins of asthma.