bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extreme drought has limited effects on soil seed bank composition in desert grasslands
Authors: Loydi Alejandro , Collins Scott L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractQuestionDoes climate change affect vegetation and seed bank composition in desert grasslands?LocationSevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico, USA.MethodsVegetation and seed bank species composition were recorded in black grama (Bouteloua eriopoda) and blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis) grasslands. At each site, two rainfall manipulations and ambient controls were established in 2013 (n = 10). Treatments included extreme drought (−66% rainfall reduction during the growing season) and delayed monsoon (precipitation captured during July–August and reapplied in September–October). Above‐ground species composition was assessed, and composite soil samples were collected in 2017, five years after the experiment started. Seed bank was evaluated using the seedling emergence method.ResultsRainfall treatments increased the above‐ground vegetation and seed bank richness in the blue grama community, but not in the black grama community. Vegetation cover was reduced by both rainfall manipulations, but seed bank density increased or remained the same compared with controls. In above‐ground vegetation, cover of annual and perennial forbs increased, and dominant perennial grasses decreased under drought. In the soil seed bank, species composition was similar among all treatments and was dominated by annual and perennial forbs.ConclusionsThe seed bank was more resistant to drought than above‐ground vegetation. Because seed banks can enhance long‐term community stability, their drought resistance plays an important role in maintaining ecosystem processes during and following drought in these grassland communities.
Evaluation of bacterial strains to improve the productivity of microalgae used in bivalve hatcheries in Peru
Authors: Ríos Castro Natalí , Zavala Jóselyn , Gil‐Kodaka Patricia , Diringer Benoit 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe microalgae Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros gracilis are part of the basic diet of most bivalve cultures. This study evaluated the supplementation of bacterial strains naturally associated with these microalgae to improve their productivity. Ten bacterial strains collected from I. galbana and C. gracilis commercial cultures used in the larviculture of the Peruvian scallop Argopecten purpuratus were isolated and purified. These strains were individually coinoculated to each microalgal culture to confirm their promoter effect on growth. First, inoculation was carried out in a volume of 500 mL with constant aeration, which allowed the selection of the best bacterial strains. Then, the culture growth performance after transfer from 500 mL to 2 L tanks, with and without bacterial reinoculation during transfer, was monitored. Two bacterial strains, Lysinibacillus fusiformis and Bacillus cereus, significantly improved (α = .05) I. galbana production, whereas three other strains, Lysinibacillus sp., Psychrobacter celer, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus, significantly increased (α = .05) the growth of the C. gracilis culture. The use of microalgae supplemented with bacteria did not significantly affect A. purpuratus larval rearing. Altogether, these results showed the potential of native probiotic bacteria to improve microalgal production within bivalve hatcheries.
Morphometric traits as drivers for module structures and species specialization: a study about the hermit crab–gastropod networks from three different regions on the Brazilian coast
Authors: da Silva A. R. , Rodrigues G. F. B. , Borthagaray A. I. , Costa R. C. , Castilho A. L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe relationship between hermit crabs (Paguroidea) and gastropod shells has attracted the attention of researchers toward a network approach. These networks seem to present recurrent patterns that are often modular, i.e., a pattern in which the network can be divided into compartments that represent species interacting more with species belonging to its own compartment than with species composing another compartment. A modular interaction network occurs when species tend to interact more intensively within subsets of species (modules) than with species outside of it. Since modularity is a characteristic in which different hermit crabs interact with different sub‐sets of shells, we proposed that these patterns should be a reflection of different morphometric traits, as well as that species specialization (measure which indicates if a given species is specialist or generalist in resource use) could be related to such traits. Three different hermit crab–shell networks in which the modularity and species specialization have already been determined were chosen. The animals were sampled in three different regions with the same sampling effort in the same type of substrate. After sampling, the animals were taken to the laboratory where they were identified and measured. A PERMANOVA was used for the hermit crab morphometric traits from each region using each compartment as grouping variable. In order to test if morphometric traits influence species specialization (d′), linear mixed models were created and selected through Akaike's Information Criterion. Our data show that hermit crabs presented different morphometric traits in each module they occupied. Also, d′ was influenced by morphometric traits; thus, hermit crabs with different sizes need different types of shells, which reflect in different specialization levels.
Neuromyths About Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Misconceptions by Educators and the General Public
Authors: Gini Silvia , Knowland Victoria , Thomas Michael S.C. , Van Herwegen Jo 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTNeuromyths are commonly held misconceptions about the brain believed by both the general public and educators. While much research has investigated the prevalence of myths about the typically developing brain, less attention has been devoted to the pervasiveness of neuromyths about neurodevelopmental disorders, which have the potential to exacerbate stigma. This preregistered study investigated to what extent neuromyths about neurodevelopmental disorders (namely dyslexia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, and syndrome) are endorsed by two groups: the general public and those working in education. In an online survey, 366 members of the general public and 203 individuals working in education rated similar numbers of myths to be true, but more about neurodevelopmental disorders than general neuromyths. As the frequency of access to brain information emerged as a protective factor against endorsing myths in both populations, we argue that this problem may be addressed via provision of neuroeducational resources.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens fitness genes involved in the colonization of plant tumors and roots
Authors: Torres Marta , Jiquel Audren , Jeanne Etienne , Naquin Delphine , Dessaux Yves , Faure Denis 
Published: October 2021

Summary

Agrobacterium tumefaciens colonizes the galls (plant tumors) it causes, and the roots of host and nonhost plants.

Transposon‐sequencing (Tn‐Seq) was used to discover A.tumefaciens genes involved in reproductive success (fitness genes) on Solanum lycopersicum and Populus trichocarpa tumors and S.lycopersicum and Zea mays roots.

The identified fitness genes represent 3–8% of A. tumefaciens genes and contribute to carbon and nitrogen metabolism, synthesis and repair of DNA, RNA and proteins and envelope‐associated functions. Competition assays between 12 knockout mutants and wild‐type confirmed the involvement of 10 genes (trpB, hisH, metH, cobN, ntrB, trxA, nrdJ, kamA, exoQ, wbbL) in A.tumefaciens fitness under both tumor and root conditions. The remaining two genes (fecA, noxA) were important in tumors only. None of these mutants was nonpathogenic, but four (hisH, trpB, exoQ, ntrB) exhibited impaired virulence. Finally, we used this knowledge to search for chemical and biocontrol treatments that target some of the identified fitness pathways and report reduced tumorigenesis and impaired establishment of A.tumefaciens on tomato roots using tannic acid or Pseudomonas protegens, which affect iron assimilation.

This work revealed A.tumefaciens pathways that contribute to its competitive survival in plants and highlights a strategy to identify plant protection approaches against this pathogen.
Developing consensus‐based referral criteria for low vision services in Australia
Authors: Alam Khyber , Connor Heather , Gentle Alex , Bentley Sharon A 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeTo develop expert consensus on referral criteria for low vision services in Australia.MethodsIn a modified online Delphi process, a panel of 38 Australian experts in low vision (including ophthalmologists, optometrists, orthoptists, occupational therapists, orientation and mobility professionals, researchers and managers) participated in three rounds of consensus building over a period of 5 months commencing in 2019. Initially, 90 statements were developed, addressing what should be included in best‐practice low vision referral criteria, currently used criteria, timing of referral and responsibility for referral. By the third round, these had been reduced and refined to a total of four statements.ResultsIn three Delphi rounds, the expert panel produced three key recommendations for low vision referral: (1) that low vision referral should be based mainly on the impact of uncorrectable vision impairment on function and well‐being; (2) clinical measures of visual acuity and visual field might be a secondary consideration and (3) it is important to fully inform a person about low vision services at an early stage of vision loss and to involve them in decision making about referral. There was consensus on the need for clear referral pathways and that both ophthalmologists and optometrists have primary responsibility to refer for low vision services.ConclusionsAlthough recommendations and guidelines should not replace sound individual clinical judgement, promotion and adoption of these consensus recommendations could assist health care professionals in providing appropriate and timely referral for low vision services to the benefit of people with vision impairment.
Low‐dose oral isotretinoin in a young female with dissecting cellulitis
Authors: Melo Daniel Fernandes , Lemes Luciana Rodino , Alves Ana Luisa , Frattini Simone Carolina , Obadia Daniel Lago , Tortelly Violeta Duarte 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDissecting cellulitis (DC) is a chronic inflammatory primary neutrophilic scarring alopecia. It predominantly affects the vertex and occipital regions of Afro‐descendent men. Female DC is uncommon, and little is known about this condition in childhood. This paper reports a pediatric female case of DC with an excellent therapeutic response to low‐dose oral isotretinoin.
Predictive factors for fundoplication following esophageal atresia repair
Authors: Kambe Kosuke , Fumino Shigehisa , Sakai Kohei , Higashi Mayumi , Aoi Shigeyoshi , Furukawa Taizo , Tajiri Tatsuro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundOne of the most frequent complications after repair of esophageal atresia (EA) is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Although GERD‐associated EA is known to often require anti‐reflux surgery, the predicting factors remain unclear. We retrospectively analyzed EA in our institution.MethodsOf 65 children with EA treated in our hospital from 1995 to 2018, 45 with Gross C type EA, followed for over 1 year, were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into fundoplication and non‐fundoplication groups and compared in terms of their clinical features.ResultsThe fundoplication and non‐fundoplication groups included 13 and 32 cases, respectively. On univariate analysis, gestational age, body weight, prenatal diagnosis, polyhydramnios, re‐do surgery, and gap length of the esophagus differed significantly between the groups (P < 0.05).ConclusionEarly delivery, low body weight, and a long gap length are, are considered to be risk factors for fundoplication. However, the present study further showed that prenatal diagnosis and polyhydramnios were also significant contributing factors. The presence of a prenatal diagnosis and polyhydramnios may induce preterm delivery, therefore, cases of polyhydramnios due to suspected EA should be managed to prevent early delivery. Better understanding of the postnatal course after surgery is required, especially for prenatal diagnosis cases.
Prognostic impact of HNF4α expression in interstitial lung disease
Authors: Sawazumi Tomoe , Baba Tomohisa , Iwasawa Tae , Arai Hiromasa , Matsumura Mai , Takemura Tamiko , Sugiyama Misaki , Sekiya Motoki , Saigusa Yusuke , Ogura Takashi , Inayama Yoshiaki , Ohashi Kenichi , Okudela Koji 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPneumocyte injury is a crucial factor influencing the severity of interstitial lung disease (ILD). In this study, we investigated the potential of hepatocyte nuclear factor α (HNF4α) as an immunohistochemical marker to detect pneumocyte injury and as a prognostic marker. Surgical lung biopsy specimens were collected from 309 patients with different types of ILDs (61 idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), 173 non‐IPF, and 75 unclassifiable ILD). HNF4α expression were examined and the frequency of positive cells (per mm2) was calculated. HNF4α was strongly expressed in regenerating pneumocytes present on fibroblastic foci, Masson bodies/organizing alveoli. In the non‐IPF and unclassifiable ILD groups, cases with high frequency expression showed significantly poorer outcome. Particularly, in the unclassifiable ILD group, the prognostic impact was more significant (death due to ILD, log‐rank test, p < 0.0001), with a 10‐year survival rate (hazard ratio 11.1, Wald test, p = 0.0003), as compared to the non‐IPF group (log‐rank test, p = 0.0269; hazard ratio 2.7, Wald test, p = 0.0334). Multivariable analysis focusing on the unclassifiable ILD group confirmed that the frequent HNF4α expression was an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio 28.6; Wald test, p = 0.0033). Thus, HNF4α can be utilized as an immunohistochemical marker for pneumocyte injury and have prognostic impact particularly in unclassifiable ILD.
Whole‐genome copy number and immunohistochemical analyses on surgically resected intracholecystic papillary neoplasms
Authors: Fujisawa Mia , Matsushima Masashi , Carreras Joaquim , Hirabayashi Kenichi , Y. Kikuti Yara , Ueda Takashi , Kaneko Motoki , Fujimoto Ryutaro , Sano Masaya , Teramura Erika , Monma Makiko , Nakae Hirohiko , Suzuki Takayoshi , Suzuki Hidekazu , Nakamura Naoya 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntracholecystic papillary neoplasms are newly defined precancerous lesions. According to Classification of the World Health Organization, they have four histological morphologies, which are biliary, gastric, intestinal, and oncocytic. This study evaluated 17 patients with resected intracholecystic papillary neoplasms in terms of histological, immunohistochemical, and copy number variation (CNV). The histological subtypes included 5 cases of low‐grade (5 gastric) and 12 cases of high‐grade (6 gastric and 6 biliary) neoplasms. Most cases showed high expression of MUC1, MUC5AC, and CK7, moderate expression of MUC6 and Ki‐67, and low expression of CK20, MUC2, and CDX2. The CNV profile identified gain of 7q in 12%, and loss of 1p (18%), 5q (29%), 9p (35%), 12p (17%), 17p (24%), and 19p (18%). No CNVs were observed in low‐grade neoplasms, whereas high‐grade ones had increasing abnormalities. β‐catenin was often expressed in the nucleus of neoplasms with gastric morphology, suggesting the involvement of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. However, it was not expressed among those with biliary morphology, which instead exhibited high p53 expression. Neoplasms with biliary morphology showed more CNV changes (9p, 17p, 19p losses). Distinct immunological and CNV patterns were seen in both morphologies, suggesting differences in their pathogenesis. More CNVs accumulated with tumor progression.
Estimating Stochastic Survey Response Errors using the Multitrait-Multierror Model
Authors: Cernat Alexandru , Oberski Daniel L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSurveys are well known to contain response errors of different types, including acquiescence, social desirability, common method variance and random error simultaneously. Nevertheless, a single error source at a time is all that most methods developed to estimate and correct for such errors consider in practice. Consequently, estimation of response errors is inefficient, their relative importance is unknown and the optimal question format may not be discoverable. To remedy this situation, we demonstrate how multiple types of errors can be estimated concurrently with the recently introduced ‘multitrait-multierror’ (MTME) approach. MTME combines the theory of design of experiments with latent variable modelling to estimate response error variances of different error types simultaneously. This allows researchers to evaluate which errors are most impactful, and aids in the discovery of optimal question formats. We apply this approach using representative data from the United Kingdom to six survey items measuring attitudes towards immigrants that are commonly used across public opinion studies.
Predictive utility of a novel observational assessment of child coping
Authors: Stanger Sarah B. , Abaied Jamie L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study examined the preliminary reliability and predictive and incremental validity of a novel system of coding observational assessments of children's coping behavior during a laboratory stress task using the Responses to Stress theoretical framework. Specifically, this study tested whether observations of child coping predicted child adjustment (i.e., internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and coping efficacy) overtime in middle childhood.MethodsChild coping was observed in a community, pilot sample of children (N = 65, M age = 9.06) during a difficult star‐tracing task. At baseline and six‐month follow‐up, children reported on their responses to stress and coping efficacy and parents reported on children's internalizing and externalizing problems.ResultsThe Coping Coding System was highly reliable and predicted unique variance in child adjustment over time. Longer duration of engagement coping predicted greater coping efficacy and internalizing problems over time. The direction of association between disengagement coping and internalizing and externalizing problems depended on whether the disengaged behavior involved verbalizations.ConclusionsCoping observations in the context of a challenge task contributed to individual differences in children's psychological adjustment, above and beyond child self‐report of coping.
A latent class examination of affinity for aloneness in late adolescence and emerging adulthood
Authors: Borg Meghan E. , Willoughby Teena 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAffinity for aloneness (i.e., an enjoyment of solitude) has been associated with negative adjustment, but it may depend on whether solitude is motivated by social anxiety. Thus, the current study investigated differences in affinity for aloneness in late adolescents and emerging adults while controlling for social anxiety. In a sample of late adolescents (N = 739, Mage = 16 years) and a sample of emerging adults (N = 600, Mage = 25 years), four groups were identified (an Affinity for Aloneness group that was not socially anxious, a Low group that scored low on affinity for aloneness and social anxiety, and two socially anxious groups). The prevalence of the Affinity for Aloneness group was high, and negative adjustment only predicted the likelihood of being in the socially anxious groups. Thus, negative adjustment appears to be linked to social anxiety rather than affinity for aloneness, providing evidence that it is necessary to account for social anxiety when studying affinity for aloneness to avoid over‐pathologizing solitude.
Cryopreservation alters the immune characteristics of platelets
Authors: Wood Ben , Padula Matthew P. , Marks Denese C. , Johnson Lacey 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundCryopreserved platelets are under clinical evaluation as they offer improvements in shelf‐life and potentially hemostatic effectiveness. However, the effect of cryopreservation on characteristics related to the immune function of platelets has not been examined.Study Design and MethodsBuffy coat derived platelets were cryopreserved at −80°C using 5%–6% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO, n = 8). Paired testing was conducted pre‐freeze (PF), post‐thaw (PT0), and after 24 h of post‐thaw storage at room temperature (PT24). The concentration of biological response modifiers (BRMs) in the supernatant was measured using commercial ELISAs and surface receptor abundance was assessed by flow cytometry.ResultsCryopreservation resulted in increased RANTES, PF4, and C3a but decreased IL‐1β, OX40L, IL‐13, IL‐27, CD40L, and C5a concentrations in the supernatant, compared to PF samples. C4a, endocan, and HMGB1 concentrations were similar between the PF and PT0 groups. The abundance of surface‐expressed P‐selectin, siglec‐7, TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9 was increased PT0; while CD40, CLEC2, ICAM‐2, and MHC‐I were decreased, compared to PF. The surface abundance of CD40L, B7‐2, DC‐SIGN, HCAM, TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, and TLR6 was unchanged by cryopreservation. Following 24 h of post‐thaw storage, all immune associated receptors and TLRs increased to levels higher than observed on PF and PT0 platelets.ConclusionCryopreservation alters the immune phenotype of platelets. Understanding the clinical implications of the observed changes in BRM release and receptor abundance are essential, as they may influence the likelihood of adverse events.
Clinical presentation, treatment and outcome of canine malignant mesothelioma: A retrospective study of 34 cases
Authors: Moberg Hanne Larsen , Gramer Irina , Schofield Imogen , Blackwood Laura , Killick David , Priestnall Simon L. , Guillén Alexandra 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCanine malignant mesothelioma (CMM) is a rare and aggressive tumour associated with a poor prognosis. Limited information is available regarding effective treatment options and prognostic factors. The purpose of this retrospective case series was to describe the clinical presentation, treatment and survival in a cohort of dogs with this disease and to investigate possible prognostic factors. Thirty‐four dogs were included. Tachypnoea and dyspnoea due to pleural effusion were the most common presenting clinical signs. Twenty‐two dogs had a subcutaneous access port placed and 25 dogs were treated with intracavitary and/or intravenous chemotherapy. The main protocols used were single‐agent 5‐FU (n = 14) and carboplatin single‐agent or alternated with mitoxantrone (n = 10). The overall response rate (defined as more than 25% reduction in effusion volume) to chemotherapy treatment was 37% after 3‐weeks and 24% after 15‐weeks. The median survival time (MST) for all dogs was 195 days (95% CI 53–324). MST was 234 days for dogs receiving chemotherapy and 29 days for dogs not receiving chemotherapy. The 1‐year survival rate was 22% for all dogs. Treatment with chemotherapy was the only significant prognostic factor associated with survival (p = .001). Further studies are needed to determine the optimal treatment approach for malignant mesothelioma in dogs. Nevertheless, effusion recurrence should be expected and the prognosis for these patients in the long‐term is poor.