bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre-sleep cognitive arousal exacerbates sleep disturbance in chronic pain: an exploratory daily diary and actigraphy study
Authors: Bean Debbie J. , Horne Juliette , Lee Arier C. , Johnson Malcolm H. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Insomnia is commonly comorbid with chronic pain, and typically leads to worse outcomes. Two factors that could contribute to a cycle of pain and sleeplessness are pre-sleep cognitive arousal (repetitive thought processes) and low mood. This study aimed to examine how pain, sleep disturbance, mood, and pre-sleep cognitive arousal inter-relate, to determine whether low mood or pre-sleep cognitive arousal contribute to a vicious cycle of pain and insomnia.

Methods
Forty seven chronic pain patients completed twice daily diary measures and actigraphy for one week. Analyses investigated the temporal and directional relationships between pain intensity, sleep quality, time awake after sleep onset, anhedonic and dysphoric mood, and pre-sleep cognitive arousal. Fluctuations in predictor variables were used to predict outcome variables the following morning using mixed-effects modelling.

Results
For people with chronic pain, an evening with greater pre-sleep cognitive arousal (relative to normal) led to a night of poorer sleep (measured objectively and subjectively), lower mood in the morning, and a greater misperception of sleep (underestimating sleep). A night of poorer sleep quality led to greater pain the following morning. Fluctuations in pain intensity and depression did not have a significant influence on subsequent sleep.

Conclusions
For people with chronic pain, cognitive arousal may be a key variable exacerbating insomnia, which in turn heightens pain. Future studies could target cognitive arousal to assess effects on sleep and pain outcomes.
Translanguaging in Polish minority schools in Ukraine and Lithuania
Authors: Geben Kinga , Zelinska Maria 
Published: June 2021

Summary
This paper is based on newly collected data from the research project on translanguaging and language attitudes carried out in Lviv and Horodok, Ukraine and in Vilnius, Lithuania. The data covered in the article consists of 90 responses from students at Ukrainian and Lithuanian Polish minority schools. The study involves a description and contrast of the Polish communities in Ukraine and Lithuania, and analysis of the sociolinguistic peculiarities of the Polish language, focusing on translanguaging in the daily use of several languages by members of Polish ethnic minority schools. It aims to report the linguistic behaviour tendencies. The study shows that different state and school language policy contexts are characterised by varying linguistic attitudes and language proficiency. The paper reveals the importance of translanguaging for maintaining the Polish language within a mixed culture environment.
Designs of Soviet war monuments, 1941–1945: transformation of the memorial genre, the models, the visual language and its sources
Authors: Bass Vadim 
Published: June 2021

Summary
The article examines Soviet memorial designs of the Great Patriotic War period (1941–1945). These monuments were unorthodox in terms of visual language, and they differed strikingly from the Stalinist neoclassical mainstream of the previous decade. Architects tried to find means of commemoration of the enormous tragedy of war that they faced. Analysis of the poetics of their designs along with the commonplaces of the respective critical discourse reveals the process whereby the memorial genre was transformed. This article discusses the monumental tradition developed by the 1940 s, the models, the sources of motifs and solutions, and some stylistic and architectural peculiarities characteristic of wartime projects. Whereas previously the Soviet architects from the early 1930s had been working on the ‘ultimate’ monument – the Palace of Soviets in Moscow – with the beginning of the war they shifted to improvising in order to ‘stretch’ the limits of genre. I examine the ways in which they broke the limits and shaped the dense, overwhelming memorial narrative to be transmitted by the monuments. New memorials were considered as a form of heroic epic, analogous to the literary epics but expressed by means of architecture and sculpture. The nationalistic sentiments typical of the war years were reflected in both the design ideology and the perception of memorials. Alongside persistent motifs (such as 'prancing' tanks) emerged new themes (the commemoration of victims along with heroes). The technique of provoking the viewer’s emotions, as well as the visual language and architectural style of some structures and particular solutions (such as massive stone cubes), demonstrate the inheritance from the post-Revolutionary Modernist architecture. This unorthodox stylistic flexibility illustrates the ‘liberation’ of architects – and the short cultural ‘liberalization’ on the wartime period.
Distinguishing “Religion”. Variants of Differentiation and the Emergence of “Religion” as a Global Category in Modern Asia
Authors: Hermann Adrian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe existence of religious diversity is mostly taken for granted in today’s world society. Despite all apparent differences, however, world society theory proposes the hypothesis of a single function system of religion. At the same time, in the case of religion a process of semantic unification is highly disputed. Until recently, such debates had not paid much attention to the “translingual practice” (Liu) that has produced “religion” as a global category over the last two hundred years. Drawing on recent studies, this article traces some semantic transformations in regard to “religion” in 19thand early 20thcentury Asia and highlights the importance of three contested distinctions connected with “religion”. It also relates these semantic changes to recent debates about the differentiation of religion in theories of secularization. Any visibility of regional differences in the religious system of modern world society should be understood as the result of the emergence of this global category. Such a focus on semantics highlights the way in which speaking of “religion” as a specific instance of “culture” in world society becomes possible and “religion” becomes observable to itself and from the outside only as a result of these transformations.
Lower educational status interferes with maternal iodine intake during both pregnancy and lactation
Authors: Samson Laszlo , Hircsu Ildiko , Katko Monika , Bodor Miklos , Gazdag Annamaria , Gazso Andrea Anett , Kovacs Bela , Posta Janos , Balogh Eszter , Mocsary Peter , Bhattoa Harjit Pal , Nagy Endre V 
Published: June 2021

Objective
To investigate factors affecting conscious iodine intake among pregnant and lactating women in a rural area in Hungary.

Methods
Pregnant women were studied and followed during lactation. Urinary and breast milk iodine concentration (UIC and MIC) were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Potential interfering factors, including age, educational status and smoking were assessed.

Results
During pregnancy and lactation, mild iodine deficiency was observed; median UIC were 66 and 49 µg/L, respectively. Educational status was found to be a strong determinant of both iodine nutrition and smoking status during pregnancy (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001) and lactation (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01). While smoking and non-smoking lactating mothers had similar concentrations of urinary iodine (median UIC: 47 and 51 µg/L, P = 0.95), the breast milk of smoking mothers contained less iodine (median MIC: 150 and 203 µg/L, P = 0.03).

Conclusions
Both low iodine intake and smoking contribute to the higher risk of iodine deficiency in women with lower educational status. In smokers, MIC is often low in spite of normal UIC, presumably due to the iodine transport blocking effect of the cigarette smoke towards breast milk; normal UIC may be misinterpreted as sufficient iodine supply towards the child. Antenatal health promotion strategies should focus on young women with lower educational status, even in regions where sufficient iodine intake has been achieved in non-pregnant adults.
Association of obesity with diabetic retinopathy in US adults with diabetes in a national survey
Authors: Yang Guang-Ran , Li Dongmei , Xie Zidian 
Published: June 2021

Objective
There is a lack of consensus on whether a high BMI increases the risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR). We aimed to investigate the association between BMI, overweight, obesity, and DR using the data of diabetes respondents in the 2015 US Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey.

Methods
Diabetes respondents aged over 18-year-old with complete information as well as undergone fundus examination in the past 2 years or had been diagnosed with DR were included. Weighted logistic regression analyses were used to identify the association of BMI with DR.

Results
Among the 21,647 diabetes respondents, 4588 respondents had DR with a weighted prevalence of 22.5%. The mean BMI of all diabetes respondents was 31.50 ± 6.95 kg/m2 with 18,498 (86.5%) overweight and 11,353 (54.6%) obese. The mean BMI of the DR group (31.83 ± 7.41 kg/m2) was significantly higher than that of the non-DR group (31.41 ± 6.81 kg/m2, P < 0.05). The proportion of obese respondents in the DR group was higher than the non-DR group (54.3%, P < 0.001). The weighted prevalence of DR was 0.8, 13.8, 29.7, and 55.7% for the emaciation group, the normal weight group, the overweight group, and the obesity group, respectively (P < 0.001). Weighted logistic regression analysis showed that both BMI (adjusted OR = 1.004, 95% CI 1.003–1.004) and obesity (adjusted OR = 1.051, 95% CI 1.048–1.055) were associated with DR after adjusting for the confounding variables. However, overweight was not significantly associated with DR.

Conclusion
The prevalence of DR in the normal weight, overweight, and obesity groups increased gradually. Obesity, rather than overweight, was significantly associated with increased DR prevalence.
ВПЛИВ ЯКОСТІ ПІДГОТОВКИ ВОДИ НА ОРГАНОЛЕПТИЧНІ ПОКАЗНИКИ ПИВА
Authors: Мельник І. В. , Чуб С. А. , Гнатовська Д. О. 
Published: June 2021

Мета статті — визначення придатності води для технологічних цілей у пивоварінні, дослідження впливу показників якості води на смакові дескриптори пива.У процесі дослідження використовували зразки світлого пива з масовою часткою сухих речовин у початковому суслі 11 %, а також демінералізована вода з різними способами водопідготовки (іонообмінний метод, спосіб зворотного осмосу). Сенсорний аналіз зразків пива проводився згідно ДСТУ ISO 6564:2005 «Дослідження сенсорне. Методологія. Методи створення флейвору». Оцінку смакових дескрипторів зразків пива проводили за п’ятибаловою шкалою бажаності та інтенсивності ароматичних та смакових властивостей продукту. Для кількісного визначення флейвору зразків пива і порівняння їх між собою підраховували загальну суму балів за 12 дескрипторами.На підставі проведених досліджень було доведено переваги використання методу очищення води (демінералізації) шляхом зворотного осмосу для використання її у пивоварінні. Дескриптори «солоний», «гіркий», «металевий» і «в’яжучий», які негативно впливають на органолептичні властивості готового напою, майже не відчувались під час дегустаційної оцінки зразків. Метод іонообмінного очищення показав гірші результати по таким критеріям органолептичної оцінки, як «Прозорість», «Повнота смаку», «Хмелева гіркота». У зразках були відчутні дескриптори, які погіршували смакові якості світлого пива. Для кращої демонстрації отриманих результатів та їх порівняння були побудовані профілографи смаку досліджуваних зразків напою.Доведений вплив методу підготовки води на органолептичні показники пива, завдяки чому з’являється можливість корегування смакових дескрипторів готового продукту, покращення окремих показників.Можливість регулювання складу технологічної води за вмістом іонів кальцію шляхом контролю кількісного вмісту хлориду кальцію дозволяє моделювати смакові характеристики пива і дає подальшу перспективу розширення асортименту.
Educação Física, Esporte e Ciência na Colômbia: Olhares Críticos
Authors: Gil Eusse Karen Lorena , Bracht Valter , Almeida Felipe 
Published: June 2021

Este artigo analisa a crítica, que se constrói a partir dos anos 1970, à tradiçãoesportivista da Educação Física na Colômbia. Em termos metodológicos, utiliza como fonte os periódicos Educación Física y Deporte (1979-2016) e Lúdica Pedagógica (1991-2017). Evidencia os vínculos entre a esportivização da disciplina e o predomínio de uma determinada compreensão de ciência na área,adjetivada de “positivista”, ao mesmo tempo em que esclarece que esse processo não foi livre de tensão, disputa, reflexão e debate.
PENGARUH HOLDING TIME DAN MEDIA PENDINGIN PADA CARBURIZINGMATERIAL SUS 630 TERHADAP NILAI KEKERASAN DAN STRUKUR MIKRO
Authors: Fikara Fittonia Aditya 
Published: June 2021

Stainless steel is material that mostly used in chemical industry because of its excellence in corrosion resistance, in addition to corrosion resistance, hardness on the surface of the material it is also be considered, to meet these needs material engineering is carried out, which is surface hardening. Carburizing is one method to harden the surface. This study aims to determine the effect of holding time and cooling (water, air, and oil) on carburizing SUS 630 stainless steel to hardness, microstructure, and diffusion depth. The material used is SUS 630 stainless steel, with carbon content 0.02%. The heating process at temperature 1020°C with holding time 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours and 5 hours then cooled to water, oil and air cooling. Test results show; 1) the longer holding time the value of hardnesswill increases. The maximum hardness value is at 5 hours holding time are 76HRN(water), 71.4HRN(air), and 78.2HRN(oil); 2) the occurrence of micro structure transformation due to holding time and cooling. The microstructure formed is structure of ferrite, perlite and martensite; 3) the longer holding time, the diffusion depth will increases. The maximum diffusion depth value is 5 hours holding time are 7.55ɥm(water), 10.42ɥm(air), and 9.98ɥm(oil). Keywords : Carburizing, Diffusion, Holding Time, Hardness, Microstructure.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN CATALYTIC CONVERTER BERBAHAN ARANG KAYU ALABAN DENGAN ADITIF TEMBAGA (Cu) TERHADAP EMISI GAS BUANG DAN KONSUMSI BAHAN BAKAR PADA TOYOTA KIJANG 5K
Authors: Sulton Ade , Ghofur Abdul 
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil emisi gas buang dan konsumsi bahan bakar pada penggunaan arang kayu alaban dengan aditif tembaga dengan variasi diameter lubang, campuran dan rpm. Data penelitian ini diperoleh dari hasil pengujian menggunakan analisis gas di Badan Lingkungan Hidup dan uji konsumsi bahan bakar, data variabel bebas menggunakan campuran arang kayu alaban 82,5%, aditif tembaga 7,5%, PVA 10% dan kayu alaban 87,5%. Arang, aditif tembaga 2,5%, PVA 10%, dimensi diameter lubang 15 mm dan 20 mm, idle RPM, 1500, 2500, 3500. Variabel terikatnya adalah mobil Toyota Kijang 5K. Variabel kontrol yang digunakan adalah pengujian emisi gas buang yaitu CO2, CO, HC dan O2 serta pengujian konsumsi bahan bakar. Dari hasil tersebut peningkatan CO2 terbesar adalah 67,46% pada komposisi B rpm 2500, penurunan CO terbesar 75,69% pada komposisi B rpm 3500, mengalami penurunan terbesar pada HC 81,67% pada komposisi B dan kondisi stasioner, penurunan O2 terbesar adalah 40,7% pada komposisi B rpm 2500. Dari hasil pengujian konsumsi bahan bakar mengalami penurunan terbesar yaitu 13,33% pada diameter lubang Komposisi B 15 mm rpm 1500. This study aims to determine the results of exhaust emissions and fuel consumption in the use of alaban wood charcoal with copper additives with variations in hole diameter, mixture and rpm. The data of this study were obtained from the results of testing using gas analysis in the Environment Agency and fuel consumption test, independent variable data used a mixture of 82.5% alaban wood charcoal, 7.5% copper additives, 10% PVA and 87.5% alaban wood charcoal, 2.5% copper additive, 10% PVA, dimensions of hole diameter 15 mm and 20 mm, idle RPM, 1500, 2500, 3500. The dependent variable is a 5K Toyota Kijang car. The control variables used were exhaust gas emissions testing namely CO2, CO, HC and O2 and fuel consumption tests. From these results the largest increase in CO2 was 67.46% in the composition of B rpm 2500, the largest decrease in CO 75.69% in the composition B rpm 3500, experienced the largest decrease in HC 81.67% in composition B and stationary conditions, decreased O2 the biggest is 40.7% in composition B rpm 2500. From the test results, the fuel consumption has the largest decrease of 13.33% in the hole diameter Composition B 15 mm rpm 1500.
Upregulation of SNTB1 Correlates with Poor Prognosis and Promotes Cell Growth in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Liu Liya , Chen Youqin , Lin Xiaoying , Wu Meizhu , Li Jiapeng , Xie Qiurong , Sferra Thomas Joseph , Han Yuying , Liu Huixin , Cao Liujing , Yao Mengying , Peng Jun , Shen Aling 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most highly malignant tumors and has a complicated pathogenesis. A preliminary study identified syntrophin beta 1 (SNTB1) as a potential oncogene in CRC. However, the clinical significance, biological function, and underlying mechanisms of SNTB1 in CRC are unknown. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the function of SNTB1 in CRC.Methods: The expression profile of SNTB1 in CRC samples was evaluated by database analysis, cDNA array, tissue microarray, Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and immunohistochemistry. SNTB1 expression in human CRC cells was silenced using short hairpin RNAs and its mRNA and protein levels were assessed by qPCR and western blotting, respectively. Cell proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle and apoptosis were determined by the cell counting, colony formation, and flow cytometry assays, respectively. A xenograft nude mouse model of CRC was established for validating the roles of SNTB1 in vivo. Immunohistochemistry was used to score the expression of SNTB1 in tissue samples. The isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) was used to analyze the differentially expressed proteins after knockdown of SNTB1 in CRC cells.Results: SNTB1 expression was increased in CRC tissue compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues and the increased expression was associated with shorter overall survival of CRC patients. Silencing of SNTB1 suppressed cell viability and survival, induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro, and inhibited the growth of CRC cells in vivo. Further elucidation of the regulation of STNB on CRC growth by iTRAQ analysis identified 210 up-regulated and 55 down-regulated proteins in CRC cells after SNTB knockdown. A PPI network analysis identified protein kinase N2 (PKN2) as a hub protein and was up-regulated in CRC cells after SNTB1 knockdown. Western-blot analysis further confirmed that SNTB1 knockdown significantly up-regulated PKN2 protein expression in CRC cells and decreased the phosphorylation of both ERK1/2 and AKT. Conclusion: These findings indicate that SNTB1 is overexpressed in CRC. Elevated SNTB1 levels are correlated with shorter patient survival. Importantly, SNTB1 promoted tumor growth and progression of CRC, possibly by reducing the expression of PKN2 and activating the ERK and AKT signaling pathway. Our study highlights the potential of SNTB1 as a new prognostic predictor and therapeutic target for CRC.
Identification of Targetable Kinases in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Higo Hisao , Ohashi Kadoaki , Tomida Shuta , Okawa Sachi , Yamamoto Hiromasa , Sugimoto Seiichiro , Makimoto Go , Ninomiya Kiichiro , Nakasuka Takamasa , Nishii Kazuya , Taniguchi Akihiko , Kubo Toshio , Ichihara Eiki , Hotta Katsuyuki , Miyahara Nobuaki , Maeda Yoshinobu , Toyooka Shinichi , Kiura Katsuyuki 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Tyrosine kinase activation plays an important role in the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. In this study, we analyzed the expression of 612 kinase-coding and cancer-related genes using next-generation sequencing to identify potential therapeutic targets for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).Methods: Thirteen samples from five patients with IPF (Cases 1-5) and eight samples from four patients without IPF (control) were included in this study. Six of the thirteen samples were obtained from different lung segments of a single patient who underwent bilateral pneumonectomy. Gene expression analysis of IPF lung tissue samples (n=13) and control samples (n=8) was performed using SureSelect RNA Human Kinome Kit. The expression of the selected genes was further confirmed at the protein level by immunohistochemistry (IHC).Results: Gene expression analysis revealed a correlation between the gene expression signatures and the degree of fibrosis, as assessed by Ashcroft score. In addition, the expression analysis indicated a stronger heterogeneity among the IPF lung samples than among the control lung samples. In the integrated analysis of the 21 samples, DCLK1 and STK33 were found to be upregulated in IPF lung samples compared to control lung samples. However, the top most upregulated genes were distinct in individual cases. DCLK1, PDK4, and ERBB4 were upregulated in IPF case 1, whereas STK33, PIM2, and SYK were upregulated in IPF case 2. IHC revealed that these proteins were expressed in the epithelial layer of the fibrotic lesions.Conclusions: We performed a comprehensive kinase expression analysis to explore the potential therapeutic targets for IPF. DCLK1 and STK33 can serve as potential candidate targets for molecular targeted therapy of IPF. In addition, PDK4, ERBB4, PIM2, and SYK may serve as personalized therapeutic targets of IPF.
Lethal and Sublethal Effects in Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha) following Exposure to Five Aquaculture Chemotherapeutants
Authors: Sahota Charanveer , Hyek Kassia , Surbey Brady , Kennedy Chris 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Early life stages of Pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) are at risk of exposure to the active ingredients of chemotherapeutant formulations (hydrogen peroxide [HP], azamethiphos [AZ], emamectin benzoate [EB], cypermethrin [CP] and deltamethrin [DM]) used to control sea lice in salmon aquaculture. LC50 values (95% confidence intervals) for acute 48-h water exposures in order of least to most toxic to seawater-adapted pink salmon fry were: HP (227 [138–418] mg/L), EB (1090 [676–2006] µg/L), AZ (80 [52–161] µg/L), CP (5.1 [3.0-10.5] µg/L), and DM (980 [640–1800] ng/L). In subchronic 10-d lethality sediment exposure tests, LC50 values (95% confidence intervals) in order of least to most toxic were: EB (2065 [1384–3720] µg/kg), CP (97 [58–190] µg/kg), and DM (1035 [640–2000] ng/kg). Alterations in behaviour varied between chemicals; no chemical attracted pink salmon fry; fish avoided HP to a limited extent at 50 mg/L), as well as EB (300 µg/L), and AZ (50 µg/L). Significant concentration-dependent decreases in olfactory responsiveness to food extract were seen following AZ, CP and DM exposures that occurred at lower concentrations with longer exposure periods (10 µg/L, 0.5 µg/L and 100 ng/L thresholds at 168 h). Following 10-d sediment exposures, olfaction was only affected by CP exposure at 50 µg/kg. Significant decreases in swimming performance (Ucrit) occured for HP, AZ, CP and DM at concentrations as low as 100 mg/L, 10 µg/L, 2 µg/L and 200 ng/L, respectively. This study provides comprehensive data on the lethal and sublethal effects of aquaculture chemotherapeutant exposure in early life stage pink salmon.