bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors and treatment strategy for clinical hepatico‐jejunostomy stenosis defined with intrahepatic bile duct dilatation after pancreaticoduodenectomy: A retrospective study
Authors: Yamaki So , Satoi Sohei , Yamamoto Tomohisa , Hashimoto Daisuke , Hirooka Satoshi , Sakaguchi Tatsuma , Masuda Masataka , Shimatani Masaaki , Ikeura Tsukasa , Sekimoto Mitsugu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgrounds/PurposeThe purpose of this study was to identify risk factors and establish a treatment strategy for clinical hepatico‐jejunostomy stenosis defined with intrahepatic bile duct dilatation after pancreaticoduodenectomy.MethodsThe 443 patients who underwent PD from April 2006 to December 2015 were analyzed. Clinical characteristics were compared between patients with and without clinical HJ stenosis, and risk factors for clinical HJ stenosis were analyzed. In addition, the treatment and clinical course of patients with clinical HJ stenosis were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsClinical HJ stenosis defined with intrahepatic bile duct dilatation was identified in 40 patients (9.0%). Multivariate analysis revealed that the independent risk factor for clinical HJ stenosis was the hepatic duct at surgery ≤8 mm. Endoscopic HJ stenosis was identified in 36 patients, and 31 patients were treated successfully with double balloon endoscopic retrograde cholangiography; five patients required re‐anastomosis (n = 3) and percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (n = 2). Complete obstruction of HJ was found in five patients, and treatment with DB‐ERC was successful in only one patient.ConclusionThe independent risk factor for clinical HJ stenosis was hepatic duct diameter ≤8 mm. Most cases of endoscopic HJ stenosis were treated successfully with DB‐ERC, except in patients with complete obstruction.
Efficacy and safety of current treatment interventions for patients with severe COVID‐19 infection: A network meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Cheng Qinglin , Zhao Gang , Chen Junfang , Jia Qingjun , Fang Zijian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of different medications available at present for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection. We searched databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to April 30, 2021, with Chinese or English language restriction, of medications recommended for patients (aged 18 years or older) with severe COVID‐19 infection. We extracted data on trials and patient characteristics, and the following primary outcomes: all‐cause mortality (ACM), and treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs). We identified 1855 abstracts and of these included 15 RCTs comprising 3073 participants through database searches and other sources. In terms of efficacy, compared with the standard of care (SOC) group, no significant decrease in ACM was found in α‐lipoic acid, convalescent plasma (CP), azithromycin, tocilizumab, methylprednisolone, interferon beta, CP/SOC, high dosage sarilumab, low dosage sarilumab, remdesivir, lopinavir–ritonavir, auxora, and placebo group. Compared with placebo, we found that a significant decrease in ACM was only found in methylprednisolone (odds ratio [OR]: 0.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03–0.75]. With respect to TEAEs, the CP group showed lower TEAEs than placebo (OR: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.01–0.58) or SOC (OR: 0.05, 95% CI: 0.01–0.42) group for the therapy of severe COVID‐19 patients. This study only demonstrated that methylprednisolone was superior to placebo in treating patients with severe COVID‐19 infection. Meanwhile, this further confirmed that the safety of other treatment interventions might be inferior to CP for the therapy of severe COVID‐19 patients.
Influence of combined yeast culture and enzymatically hydrolyzed yeast on in vitro ruminal fermentation in contrasting feed substrates
Authors: Sookrali Alisha A , Hughes Martin P 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDFeed additives such as live yeast cultures have increasingly been used in ruminant feeds to improve animal performance and feeding efficiency. However, it is not clear how inactive combined yeast cultures affect ruminal gas production, fermentation kinetics and efficiency. Therefore, this study was done to determine the influence of incubating different substrates with a combined yeast culture + enzymatically hydrolyzed yeast (YC + EHY) on in vitro ruminal gas production, fermentation kinetics and metabolizable energy. Six contrasting substrates (Trichantera gigantea and Glircidia sepium leaves, Brachiaria hybrid (cv. Mulato II) leaf + stem and leaf only, Cynodon nlemfuensis and a commercial concentrate dairy feed) were incubated with and without YC + EHY in buffered rumen fluid and gas production measured at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 19, 24, 30, 36, 48 and 72 h post incubation.RESULTSIn vitro fermentation parameters (a, b, a + b and c) were unaffected by YC + EHY except for the lag phase in T. gigantea, which that reduced by 31.3% when it was incubated with YC + EHY. Supplementation with YC + EHY also did not affect metabolizable energy, 72 h organic matter digestibility, 24 h gas or CH4 production within substrate. However, cumulative gas and methane production at peak fermentation in the commercial concentrate feed was reduced by 20% when incubated with YC + EHY.CONCLUSIONIt was concluded that YC + EHY has the potential to improve microbial colonization of T. gigantean substrates and reduce gas and methane production at peak fermentation in commercial concentrate feeds. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Probing the potential toxicity by characterizing the binding mechanism of sodium dehydroacetate to human serum albumin
Authors: Xu Mengchen , Cui Zhaohao , Xiao Yihua , Liu Changqing , Liu Rutao , Zong Wansong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDSodium dehydroacetate (DHA‐S) is a common food additive, which can combine with serum proteins in the plasma, but the interaction mechanism between DHA‐S and human serum albumin (HSA) is unclear. In this study, multiple spectroscopy techniques, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), molecular docking and esterase activity test were employed to investigate the interaction mechanism of DHA‐S and HSA.RESULTSA DHA‐S–HSA complex was formed and the structure of HSA were altered by DHA‐S. Since DHA‐S changed the tight structure of the hydrophobic subdomain IIA where tryptophan (Trp) was placed, the hydrophobicity of the microenvironment of HSA was enhanced. With the addition of DHA‐S, the skeleton structure of HSA became loose and the solvent shell on the HSA surface was destroyed. DHA‐S altered the secondary structure of HSA, resulting in the decreased α‐helix and increased β‐sheet contents. The interaction was exothermic and spontaneous driven by van der Waals and hydrogen bonding. DHA‐S inhibited the esterase activity of HSA. Molecular docking demonstrated that the binding site of DHA‐S on HSA located at the cavity of subdomains IIA and IIIA, but the amino acids related to esterase activity of HSA were not in the binding pocket, indicating that the mechanism by which DHA‐S inhibited HSA esterase activity was the change in protein structure.CONCLUSIONThis study illustrated that DHA‐S interacted with HSA and the structure and function of HSA were affected by DHA‐S. This research could help to understand the toxicity of DHA‐S and provide basic data for safe use of food additives. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Single‐cell RNA Seq reveals cellular landscape‐specific characteristics and potential etiologies for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Yang Yilin , Yang Mingyuan , Shi Dongliang , Chen Kai , Zhao Jian , He Shisheng , Bai Yushu , Shen Pinquan , Ni Haijian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundsAbnormal vertebral growth and development have been found in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients, and the proliferation and differentiation of bone development‐related cells play important roles in its pathogenesis. However, a comprehensive single‐cell‐level differentiation roadmap in AIS has not been achieved.MethodsThe present study compared the single‐cell level cellular landscapes of spinal cancellous bone tissues between AIS patients and healthy subjects using high throughput single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq), which covers multiple cellular lineages including osteoblast, chondrocyte, osteoclast and related immunocytes. We constructed the differentiation trajectories of bone development‐related cell lineages through pseudotime analysis, and the intercellular‐communication networks between bone development‐related cells and immunocytes were further developed.ResultsA total of 11 distinct cell clusters were identified according to the genome‐wide transcriptome profiles. t‐Distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t‐SNE) analysis showed that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were classified into three subtypes: MSC‐LOXL2, MSC‐IGFBP5, and MSC‐GJA1. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that MSC‐GJA1 might possess greater osteoblast differentiation potential than the others. MSC‐IGFBP5 was the specific MSC subtype observed only in AIS. There were two distinct gene expression clusters: OB‐DPT and OB‐OLFML2B, and the counts of osteoblasts derived from AIS was significantly less than that of non‐AIS subjects. In AIS patients, MSC‐IGFBP5 failed to differentiate into osteoblasts and exhibited negative regulation of cell proliferation and enhanced cell death. CPC‐PCNA was found to be the specific chondrocyte progenitor cell (CPC) subtype observed only in AIS patients. The cell counts of OC‐BIRC3 in AIS were less than those in controls. Pseudotime analysis suggested two possible distinct osteoclast differentiation patterns in AIS and control subjects. Monocytes in AIS mainly differentiated into OC‐CRISP3.ConclusionsOur single‐cell analysis first revealed differences existed in the cellular states between AIS patients and healthy subjects and found the differentiation disruption of specific MSC and CPC clusters in AIS. Cell communication analysis provided the possible pathogenesis of osteoblast and chondrocyte differentiation dysfunction in AIS.
Effects of aquatic therapy on people with osteopenia or osteoporosis: A systematic review
Authors: Arias Avila Mariana , Regina Mendes da Silva Serrão Paula , Bernardi dos Santos Gabriel , Garcia Godoy Amanda , dos Santos Sousa Ana Jéssica , Driusso Patricia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAquatic exercises have been widely used to treat people with osteopenia and osteoporosis (OP), claiming that they may improve balance; nonetheless, there is still controversy on its use for this population.ObjectivesTo investigate the effects of aquatic exercise (AE) on people with osteopenia or OP.MethodsSystematic review that included clinical trials, with at least one AE group and a control group. The electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Scopus and Web of Science were searched. The risk of bias assessment was performed independently by two reviewers with the Revised Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2).ResultsA total of 1793 articles were identified, and 7 articles were considered eligible, mostly considered as of low risk of bias. The total sample size was composed of 562 women (mean ages between 58.6 ± 6.7 and 73.3 ± 3.9). The interventions were supplementation, pharmacological treatment and protocols both of land‐based exercises (LE) and AE. Outcomes were quality of life, functionality, balance, function, mobility, handgrip, lower limbs and trunk strength, flexibility and pain, with controversial results on all variables.ConclusionsEven though AE seem to be beneficial for people with osteopenia or OP, protocols for evaluation and treatment are heterogeneous and did not allow a meta‐analysis computation. As such, it was not possible to conclude if AE are beneficial to people with osteopenia or OP.Trial RegistrationThis systematic review was registered in the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO [OMITTED FOR BLINDING PURPOSES]).
Toward Adequate Food Systems: Collaboration and “Nonsovereign” Food Futures
Authors: Garth Hanna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSince at least the end of World War II, there have been efforts on a global scale to reduce food insecurity through neoliberal, industrial, and technocratic solutions often led by multinational organizations and corporations. These programs have been critiqued for causing environmental degradation, undermining local economies and food production systems, and failing to account for historically and culturally relevant local food preferences. Food sovereignty has been introduced as an alternative approach to food security; it is focused on historically and culturally relevant food needs and returning to more sustainable local food production that is better suited to the environment. Based on over a decade of fieldwork in both Santiago de Cuba and Los Angeles, in this article I detail the ways in which these solutions to food insecurity fall short of what is necessary to ameliorate the failures of our food systems. I analyze the tensions between the needs for a food system that supplies sufficient quantities versus food systems that adequately address local needs for historically and culturally appropriate foods that are produced and distributed in ways that are environmentally sustainable and support local economies. Drawing on the Los Angeles Food Policy Council’s Good Food Purchasing Program as a case study, I offer the possibility of a “nonsovereign cooperative approach” to establishing, recreating, or maintaining adequate food systems that serve various needs of local people within the contemporary global food system.
Comparing LASSO and random forest models for predicting neurological dysfunction among fluoroquinolone users
Authors: Ellis Darcy E. , Hubbard Rebecca A. , Willis Allison W. , Zuppa Athena F. , Zaoutis Theoklis E. , Hennessy Sean 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundFluoroquinolones are associated with central (CNS) and peripheral (PNS) nervous system symptoms, and predicting the risk of these outcomes may have important clinical implications. Both LASSO and random forest are appealing modeling methods, yet it is not clear which method performs better for clinical risk prediction.PurposeTo compare models developed using LASSO versus random forest for predicting neurological dysfunction among fluoroquinolone users.MethodsWe developed and validated risk prediction models using claims data from a commercially insured population. The study cohort included adults dispensed an oral fluoroquinolone, and outcomes were CNS and PNS dysfunction. Model predictors included demographic variables, comorbidities and medications known to be associated with neurological symptoms, and several healthcare utilization predictors. We assessed the accuracy and calibration of these models using measures including AUC, calibration curves, and Brier scores.ResultsThe underlying cohort contained 16 533 (1.18%) individuals with CNS dysfunction and 46 995 (3.34%) individuals with PNS dysfunction during 120 days of follow‐up. For CNS dysfunction, LASSO had an AUC of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.80, 0.82), while random forest had an AUC of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.80, 0.81). For PNS dysfunction, LASSO had an AUC of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.76) versus an AUC of 0.73 (95% CI: 0.73, 0.74) for random forest. Both LASSO models had better calibration, with Brier scores 0.17 (LASSO) versus 0.20 (random forest) for CNS dysfunction and 0.20 (LASSO) versus 0.25 (random forest) for PNS dysfunction.ConclusionsLASSO outperformed random forest in predicting CNS and PNS dysfunction among fluoroquinolone users, and should be considered for modeling when the cohort is modest in size, when the number of model predictors is modest, and when predictors are primarily binary.
NDOLA‐2, a high‐yielding, open‐pollinated conventional spring type canola in North Dakota
Authors: Rahman Mukhlesur , Mendoza Luis E. Río , Anderson James V. , Berhow Mark , Roy Jayanta , Eriksmoen Eric , Miller Meridith , Pradhan Gautam , Rickertsen John , Ostlie Mike , Hanson Bryan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNDOLA‐2 (Reg. no. GP‐9, PI 698655) is an open‐pollinated, non–genetically modified, spring‐type canola (Brassica napus L.) developed at North Dakota State University (NDSU) and approved for specialty release by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. NDOLA‐2 was tested as experimental line NDC‐E16198 from 2017 to 2020 (16 location‐years) in NDSU canola breeding nurseries and in 2019 and 2020 (8 location‐years) in North Dakota Canola Variety Trials (ND‐CVTs). NDOLA‐2 has been identified as a germplasm with higher seed yield potential and disease tolerance. NDOLA‐2 had 5.5% higher seed yield and 2.1% lower oil contents compared with those of commercial hybrid checks in NDSU canola breeding trials. Also, NDOLA‐2 had 5.4% higher seed yield and 1.6% lower oil content over the means of commercial cultivars/hybrids in ND‐CVTs. It has been identified as resistant to blackleg disease (Pathogenicity Group 4) and Sclerotinia stem rot disease of canola. NDOLA‐2 flowers within 44 d from seeding, has a flowering period that lasts 22 d, and reaches maturity within 93 d from seeding with plants that are 103 cm tall. It is resistant to lodging, with a score of 2.1 out of 9, and has an overall breeder score of 8.0, where the trial mean score for all locations was 7.7.
Induced and Inversed Circularly Polarized Luminescence of Achiral Thioflavin T Assembled on Peptide Fibril
Authors: Li Meijun , Liu Minghua , Sha Yinlin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChiroptical inversion of amyloid fibrils is a novel phenomenon and is of fundamental importance; however, the underlying structural basis remains poorly understood. Here, the co‐assembly of Thioflavin T (ThT) with T1 amyloid fibril and the induced supramolecular chirality is investigated by induced circular dichroism (ICD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), followed by direct morphological helicity observation of the fibril by an atomic force microscope (AFM). ThT exhibits negative ICD and CPL when assembled on the left‐handed T1 fibril. Interestingly, when ThT dynamically interacts with the T1 fibril, the left‐handed fibril partially converts into right‐handed, accompanied with the inversion of CD and CPL signals. These results indicate that the morphological helicity of template fibril cannot be arbitrarily distinguished by the sign of chiroptical spectra of the dye/peptide assemblies.
Introduction: Peri-Urban Water Security in South Asia
Authors: Narain Vishal , Roth Dik 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis chapter sets the context for the analysis of water security in peri-urban South Asia. Urbanization has been a key demographic trend globally as well as in South Asia, in the recent past and increasingly also in the future. While cities are often seen as engines of economic growth and development, and are associated with economies of scale, efficiency and sustainability, much urban growth occurs through the appropriation and reallocation of land and water from their peripheries. This creates patterns of deprivation for resource-dependent peri-urban and rural communities, as well as increasingly severe environmental problems, such as the over-extraction of groundwater and water pollution. This chapter first introduces the various perspectives, themes and cases presented in the book chapters. It then discusses urbanization and the peri-urban more specifically, introducing two contrasting views — ecological modernization and political ecology — and introduces the concept of water security. Referring to the examples from the book, the chapter then gives an overview of some of its key themes: the role of material infrastructure; property transformations and the declining commons; socially differentiated access to water; intervening in the peri-urban; and the role of conflict and cooperation.
Digging Deeper: Deep Wells, Bore-Wells and Water Tankers in Peri-Urban Hyderabad
Authors: Lim Nathaniel Dylan , Das Diganta 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHyderabad in India is a rapidly growing city and a popular global hub of high-tech and information technology industries. With its aspiration to be a global destination for transnational companies and engine of economic growth for the twenty-first century, it is rapidly urbanizing and expanding outward with intense infrastructure development. With this rapid expansion, the city increasingly witnesses water insecurity, especially in its peri-urban areas. To supply the high-tech and aspirational pockets of Hyderabad, water has been piped and sourced from far-away reservoirs, deep wells, and borewells, as well as through water tankers that collected water from the surrounding peri-urban areas. These unsustainable practices have led to groundwater shortages and severe water insecurity for the ordinary residents living at the edge of the city. Through a grounded understanding based on ethnographic fieldwork, this chapter delves into the everyday experiences of water insecurity in peri-urban Hyderabad. The chapter discusses the context of vulnerability and ways of coping in relation to water insecurity in peri-urban communities. It seeks to give a micro- and nuanced view of rural-urban relationships around water in Hyderabad, in a context of water-related conflicts, privatization and (piped) connections between the urban and peri-urban localities.
Interventions to Strengthen Institutional Capacity for Peri-Urban Water Management in South Asia
Authors: Gomes Sharlene L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInstitutions, defined as social rules which guide decision-making, are an important feature of peri-urban water governance. Peri-urban institutions structure the access to and management of water resources during rural-to-urban transitions. However, peri-urban areas are dynamic in nature and heterogeneous in composition. This generates challenges for the effectiveness of institutional arrangements. Peri-urban spaces of South Asian cities like Pune, Hyderabad, Kolkata and Khulna demonstrate the various ways in which institutional arrangements influence issues of water insecurity, conflicts, and crises in the urbanisation process. This chapter explores this important dimension and demonstrates ways to intervene in the institutional context of water resources in such transitional settings. Two types of interventions to build institutional capacity are presented. First, the Approach for Participatory Institutional Analysis (APIA), is designed to help peri-urban actors frame problems through an institutional lens and offers skills to navigate the solution space. The second approach, Transformative Pathways, facilitates efforts to cope with the uncertain and dynamic nature of urban transitions. Based on the adaptation pathways approach, it helps peri-urban actors work from their existing situation and design pathways towards more sustainable and resilient futures. Practical applications of these approaches in South Asia offer insights on how to intervene institutionally in water problems during rural-urban transitions.
Introduction
Authors: Bijak Jakub 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPopulation processes, including migration, are complex and uncertain. We begin this book by providing a rationale for building Bayesian agent-based models for population phenomena, specifically in the context of migration, which is one of the most uncertain and complex demographic processes. The main objectives of the book are to pursue methodological advancement in demography and migration studies through combining agent-based modelling with empirical data, Bayesian statistical inference, appropriate computational techniques, and psychological experiments in a streamlined modelling process, with the overarching aim to contribute to furthering the model-based research agenda in demography and broader social sciences. In this introductory chapter, we also offer an overview of the structure of this book, and present various ways in which different audiences can approach the contents, depending on their background and needs.