bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring the volatile language of fungi using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry
Authors: Speckbacher Verena , Zeilinger Susanne , Zimmermann Stefan , Mayhew Christopher A. , Wiesenhofer Helmut , Ruzsanyi Veronika 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFusarium oxysporum is a plant pathogenic fungus leading to severe crop losses in agriculture every year. A sustainable way of combating this pathogen is the application of mycoparasites—fungi parasitizing other fungi. The filamentous fungus Trichoderma atroviride is such a mycoparasite that is able to antagonize phytopathogenic fungi. It is therefore frequently applied as a biological pest control agent in agriculture. Given that volatile metabolites play a crucial role in organismic interactions, the major aim of this study was to establish a method for on-line analysis of headspace microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) during cultivation of different fungi. An ion mobility spectrometer with gas chromatographic pre-separation (GC-IMS) enables almost real-time information of volatile emissions with good selectivity. Here we illustrate the successful use of GC-IMS for monitoring the time- and light-dependent release of MVOCs by F. oxysporum and T. atroviride during axenic and co-cultivation. More than 50 spectral peaks were detected, which could be assigned to 14 volatile compounds with the help of parallel gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) measurements. The majority of identified compounds are alcohols, such as ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-methyl propanol, 2-methyl butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol and 1-octen-3-ol. In addition to four ketones, namely acetone, 2-pentanone, 2-heptanone, 3-octanone, and 2-octanone; two esters, ethyl acetate and 1-butanol-3-methylacetate; and one aldehyde, 3-methyl butanal, showed characteristic profiles during cultivation depending on axenic or co-cultivation, exposure to light, and fungal species. Interestingly, 2-octanone was produced only in co-cultures of F. oxysporum and T. atroviride, but it was not detected in the headspace of their axenic cultures. The concentrations of the measured volatiles were predominantly in the low ppbv range; however, values above 100 ppbv were detected for several alcohols, including ethanol, 2-methylpropanol, 2-methyl butanol, 1- and 3-methyl butanol, and for the ketone 2-heptanone, depending on the cultivation conditions. Our results highlight that GC-IMS analysis can be used as a valuable analytical tool for identifying specific metabolite patterns for chemotaxonomic and metabolomic applications in near-to-real time and hence easily monitor temporal changes in volatile concentrations that take place in minutes.
Efficacy of microwave ablation versus radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma: a propensity score analysis
Authors: Suwa Kanehiko , Seki Toshihito , Aoi Kazunori , Yamashina Masao , Murata Miki , Yamashiki Noriyo , Nishio Akiyoshi , Shimatani Masaaki , Naganuma Makoto 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and new-generation microwave ablation (MWA) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods
The propensity score matching method was applied to patients with HCC treated with MWA (93 patients) or RFA (156 patients) at a single institution from January 2014 to April 2020. The local tumor progression (LTP), intrahepatic distant recurrence (IDR), and recurrence-free survival (RFS) of the two matched therapies were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method. Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify risk factors for LTP and RFS. The therapeutic effects and complications of the two treatments were also compared.

Results
The LTP, IDR, and RFS of MWA and RFA were equivalent (LTP: hazard ratio [HR] = 0.87; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.36- 2.07; P = 0.746, IDR: HR = 1.03; 95% CI 0.61–1.73; P = 0.890, RFS: HR = 1.15; 95% CI 0.69–1.91; P = 0.566). Para-vessel lesions was the only risk factor for LTP, whereas age, previous treatment, Albumin-Bilirubin score, and tumor diameter were risk factors for RFS. On the other hand, the ablation time per nodule (6.79 ± 2.73 and 9.21 ± 4.90 min; P = 0.008) and number of sessions per nodule required to achieve technical success (1.16 ± 0.39 and 1.34 ± 0.57; P = 0.009) were significantly lower in MWA than in RFA. The major complication rate of MWA and RFA was also equivalent.

Conclusion
MWA and RFA have similar therapeutic effects and safety, although MWA has advantages over RFA regarding efficacy, including shorter ablation time and fewer sessions required.
Late-life intermittent fasting decreases aging-related frailty and increases renal hydrogen sulfide production in a sexually dimorphic manner
Authors: Henderson Yoko O. , Bithi Nazmin , Link Christopher , Yang Jie , Schugar Rebecca , Llarena Natalia , Brown J. Mark , Hine Christopher 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGlobal average life expectancy continues to rise. As aging increases the likelihood of frailty, which encompasses metabolic, musculoskeletal, and cognitive deficits, there is a need for effective anti-aging treatments. It is well established in model organisms that dietary restriction (DR), such as caloric restriction or protein restriction, enhances health and lifespan. However, DR is not widely implemented in the clinic due to patient compliance and its lack of mechanistic underpinnings. Thus, the present study tested the effects of a somewhat more clinically applicable and adoptable DR regimen, every-other-day (EOD) intermittent fasting, on frailty in 20-month-old male and female C57BL/6 mice. Frailty was determined by a series of metabolic, musculoskeletal, and cognitive tasks performed prior to and toward the end of the 2.5-month dietary intervention. Late-life EOD fasting attenuated overall energy intake, hypothalamic inflammatory gene expression, and frailty in males. However, it failed to reduce overall caloric intake and had a little positive effect in females. Given that the selected benefits of DR are dependent on augmented production of the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and that renal H2S production declines with age, we tested the effects of EOD fasting on renal H2S production capacity and its connection to frailty in males. EOD fasting boosted renal H2S production, which positively correlated with improvements in multiple components of frailty tasks. Therefore, late-life initiated EOD fasting is sufficient to reduce aging-related frailty, at least in males, and suggests that renal H2S production capacity may modulate the effects of late-life EOD fasting on frailty.
Adsorption, viscosity and thermal behaviour of nanosized proteins with different internal stability immobilised on the surface of mesoporous activated biocarbon obtained from the horsetail herb precursor
Authors: Wiśniewska Małgorzata , Sternik Dariusz , Nowicki Piotr , Chibowski Stanisław , Medykowska Magdalena , Gęca Marlena , Szewczuk-Karpisz Katarzyna 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe thermal analysis methods were used for the description of the adsorption behaviour of selected proteins differing in internal stability (ovalbumin (OVA) and lysozyme (LSZ)). These proteins were immobilised on the surface of activated biocarbon obtained from the horsetail herb precursor. The values of the hydrodynamic radius of both biopolymer macromolecules in the solution were determined by the use of the viscosimetry method. This parameter is important for the specification of the possibility of proteins nano-molecules to penetrate the nano-pores of the adsorbent which leads to the increase of biopolymers adsorption. Such behaviour is observed at the pH value which is very close to the pI value of specific biopolymer (the greatest adsorption of proteins on the activated carbon surface occurs- at pH 5 for OVA being 323 mg/g, as well as at pH 11 for LSZ which is 464 mg/g). Under such conditions, the proteins macromolecules assume conformations characterized by the lowest values of hydrodynamic radius, i.e. 2.76 nm for OVA and 1.07 nm for LSZ. The data obtained from the analysis of gaseous products of thermal decomposition of the samples indicated the types of biocarbon surface groups as well as the enabled specification of the protein macromolecules adsorption mechanism.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Fetal Immature Oropharyngeal Teratoma in the First Trimester: A Case Report
Authors: Banu Shaheen , Mohamad Hafiz , Dubey Aditi , Elango Nithya , Vikraman Seneesh Kumar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEpignathus or oro-pharyngeal teratoma is an extremely rare, benign congenital tumor, occurring in 1 in 35,000–200,000 live births. They usually arise from the sphenoid region of the hard palate, posterior nasopharynx, upper lip and nose, soft palate, tonsil or tongue. The typical appearance is that of a solid irregular mass containing both cystic and solid elements, protruding from the oral cavity. Their occurrence in the first trimester is extremely rare. We report a case of fetal immature orofacial teratoma detected in the first trimester and confirmed with histopathological diagnosis. The index pregnancy presented at 13 1/7 weeks of gestation. Ultrasound examination demonstrated an irregular, mixed echogenic mass with solid and cystic components protruding from the fetal mouth, between the tongue and the palate. Following extensive counselling, the couple opted for termination of the pregnancy. Histopathological examination confirmed the tumor to be an immature oral teratoma.
Living Well with Kidney Disease by patient and care-partner empowerment: Kidney Health for Everyone Everywhere
Authors:   for the World Kidney Day Steering Committee, Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar , Li Philip Kam-Tao , Tantisattamo Ekamol , Kumaraswami Latha , Liakopoulos Vassilios , Lui Siu-Fai , Ulasi Ifeoma , Andreoli Sharon , Balducci Alessandro , Dupuis Sophie , Harris Tess , Hradsky Anne , Knight Richard , Kumar Sajay , Ng Maggie , Poidevin Alice , Saadi Gamal , Tong Allison 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLiving with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with hardships for patients and their care-partners. Empowering patients and their care-partners, including family members or friends involved in their care, may help minimize the burden and consequences of CKD-related symptoms to enable life participation. There is a need to broaden the focus on living well with kidney disease and re-engagement in life, including an emphasis on patients being in control. The World Kidney Day (WKD) Joint Steering Committee has declared 2021 the year of “Living Well with Kidney Disease” in an effort to increase education and awareness on the important goal of patient empowerment and life participation. This calls for the development and implementation of validated patient-reported outcome measures to assess and address areas of life participation in routine care. It could be supported by regulatory agencies as a metric for quality care or to support labeling claims for medicines and devices. Funding agencies could establish targeted calls for research that address the priorities of patients. Patients with kidney disease and their care-partners should feel supported to live well through concerted efforts by kidney care communities including during pandemics. In the overall wellness program for kidney disease patients, the need for prevention should be reiterated. Early detection with a prolonged course of wellness despite kidney disease, after effective secondary and tertiary prevention programs, should be promoted. WKD 2021 continues to call for increased awareness of the importance of preventive measures throughout populations, professionals, and policy makers, applicable to both developed and developing countries.
Graphic abstract
Risk assessment on landslides focused on the role of the water: examples from model regions (Rio de Janeiro State and Hong Kong)
Authors: Leal Sousa Rita , Vargas Eurípedes , Chaminé Helder I. , Ribeiro e Sousa Luis , Karam Karim 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLandslides are one of the most vital natural hazards on Earth. To satisfy the demand for protection against landslides, it is necessary to systematically assess and manage landslide hazards and risk. Landslide mechanisms related to hydrology are analyzed with focus in the major risks, and formal risk assessment methodologies are presented in the paper. Issues related to risk assessment are discussed and different steps are described. The management of accidents in slopes is discussed, with particular emphasis to Hong Kong and Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. Hong Kong is a region of China with a large population density and very mountainous. There is a history of tragic accidents in the slopes. The territory has a tradition of a high standard in the practice of slope engineering. The establishment of an efficient security system developed by Geotechnical Engineering Office was established in the territory. Also, specific aspects of slope instability in the state of Rio de Janeiro are discussed, and in Rio de Janeiro city, with focus on cases which occurred in the mountainous region of the State. The mega-disaster that occurred in 2011, with high number of deaths and significant economic losses, is studied with incidence in individual landslides.
Forest fire risk mapping using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and earth observation datasets: a case study in the mountainous terrain of Northeast India
Authors: Lamat Ridalin , Kumar Mukesh , Kundu Arnab , Lal Deepak 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study presents a geospatial approach in conjunction with a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) tool for mapping forest fire risk zones in the district of Ri-Bhoi, Meghalaya, India which is very rich in biodiversity. Analytical hierarchy process (AHP)-based pair-wise comparison matrix was constructed to compare the selected parameters against each other based on their impact/influence (equal, moderate, strong, very strong, and extremely strong) on a forest fire. The final output delineated fire risk zones in the study area in four categories that include very high-risk, high-risk, moderate-risk, and low-risk zones. The delineated fire risk zones were found to be in close agreement with actual fire points obtained from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) fire data for the study area. Results indicated that Ri-Bhoi’s 804.31 sq. km. (32.86%) the area was under ‘very high’ fire susceptibility. This was followed by 583.10 sq. km. (23.82%), 670.47 sq. km. (27.39%), and 390.12 sq. km. (15.93%) the area under high, moderate, and low fire risk categories, respectively. These results can be used effectively to plan fire control measures in advance and the methodology suggested in this study can be adopted in other areas too for delineating potential fire risk zones.
Integration of multivariate statistics and water quality indices to evaluate groundwater quality and its suitability in middle Gangetic floodplain, Bihar
Authors: Bhatt Ajay Govind , Kumar Anand , Trivedi Priya Ranjan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study is conducted along the middle Gangetic floodplain, to investigate the hydrogeochemical characteristics and suitability of groundwater for irrigation and human consumptions. Altogether 65 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for major ions and water quality parameters. pH of all the samples except 1 is found > 7, which suggests alkaline aquifer condition. Groundwater samples predominately belong to Ca-Mg-HCO3 water type followed by Na-HCO3, Mg-HCO3 and Mg-SO4 water types. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) combines groundwater into two distinct groups, Group 1 is found as less mineralized as the average EC value is found 625.3 μS/cm, while it is found 1375 μS/cm for Group 2. The results of correlation analysis and PCA suggest influence of natural and anthropogenic activities on groundwater. PCA extracts four major PCs which describes 71.7% of total variance. PC1 indicates influence of both lithogenic and anthropogenic activities on groundwater quality. PC2 and PC3 infer natural factors, and PC4 suggests influence of anthropogenic activities on groundwater. Exceeding concentration of F−, Fe and Mn above WHO guidelines are found as major public health concern. WQI of all except 4 groundwater samples suggests excellent to good water quality; however, 23% of the samples are not suitable based on WPI values. Irrigation indices suggest that groundwater is mostly suitable for irrigation; however, 10.7%, 12.3% and 3% samples for RSBC, MAR and KR, respectively, exceed the recommended limits and are unsuitable for irrigation. A proper management strategy and quality assurance is recommended before groundwater consumption and use in the study area.
Experimental study on heat transfer of an engine radiator with TiO2/EG-water nano-coolant
Authors: Zubair Mohd Muzammil , Seraj Md. , Faizan Mohd. , Anas Mohd , Yahya Syed Mohd. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNanofluid as a transport medium displays a great potential in engineering applications involving heat transfer. In this paper, the execution of water and ethylene glycol-based TiO2 nanofluid as a radiator coolant is resolved experimentally. The convective heat transfer coefficient of TiO2/EG-Water nanocoolant has been estimated and contrasted with the information acquired experimentally. Nanocoolant were set up by taking 25% ethylene glycol and 75% water with low volume concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles. All the experiments were led for the distinctive volume flow rates in the range going from 30 to 180 L/h (LPH). The nanocoolant made to flow through curved radiator tubes in every experiment, so that it can exchange heat effectively. Result shows that increasing the volume flow rate of nanocoolant flowing in the radiator tubes, increases the heat transfer as well as the convective heat transfer coefficient of nanocooant. Maximum heat transfer enhancement of 29.5% was recorded for nanocoolant with 0.03% nanoparticle concentration as compared to water at 150 LPH. Apart from this nanoparticle concentration into the base fluid, no further enhancement in heat transfer has been observed at any volume flow rate.
Cahn-Hilliard Navier-Stokes simulations for marine free-surface flows
Authors: Kühl Niklas , Hinze Michael , Rung Thomas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe paper is devoted to the simulation of maritime two-phase flows of air and water. Emphasis is put on an extension of the classical Volume-of-Fluid (VoF) method by a diffusive contribution derived from a Cahn-Hilliard (CH) model and its benefits for simulating immiscible, incompressible two-phase flows. Such flows are predominantly simulated with implicit VoF schemes, which mostly employ heuristic downwind-biased approximations for the concentration transport to mimic a sharp interface. This strategy introduces a severe time step restriction and requires pseudo time-stepping of steady flows. Our overall goal is a sound description of the free-surface region that alleviates artificial time-step restrictions, supports an efficient and robust upwind-based approximation framework, and inherently includes surface tension effects when needed. The Cahn-Hilliard Navier-Stokes (CH-NS) system is verified for an analytical Couette-flow example and the bubble formation under the influence of surface tension forces. 2D validation examples are concerned with laminar standing waves reaching from gravity to capillary scale as well as a submerged hydrofoil flow. The final application refers to the 3D flow around an experimentally investigated container vessel at fixed floatation for Re = 1.4 × 107 and Fn = 0.26. Results are compared with data obtained from VoF approaches, supplemented by analytical solutions and measurements. The study indicates the superior efficiency, resharpening capability, and wider predictive realm of the CH-based extension for free-surface flows with a confined spatial range of interface Courant numbers.
Coupled Rapid Erosion and Foreland Sedimentation Control Orogenic Wedge Kinematics in the Himalayan Thrust Belt of Central Nepal
Authors: DeCelles P. G. , Carrapa B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSpatial and temporal coincidence among rapid Pliocene‐Holocene bedrock exhumation, development of a topographic bight, abundant monsoonal precipitation, accumulation of anomalously thick proximal foreland basin deposits, and development of an opposite‐polarity salient‐reentrant couple on the two most frontal major thrust faults in the Himalayan orogenic wedge of central Nepal provide a basis for a model that links these diverse phenomena and could be operating in other parts of the frontal Himalaya. Rapid bedrock erosion is documented by a concentration of young (<5 Ma) low‐temperature thermochronologic ages in the Narayani River catchment basin. Where the river exits the Lesser Himalayan Zone, the Main Boundary thrust has a 15‐km‐amplitude reentrant. Directly south of the reentrant lies the ∼50 km wide Chitwan wedge‐top basin, which is confined by a large salient on the Main Frontal thrust. Rapid erosion and sediment flux out of the Narayani catchment basin, possibly due to anomalously intense monsoonal precipitation in this topographically depressed region of central Nepal, causes greater flexural subsidence and surface aggradation in the foreland, both of which increase initial wedge taper and render this region more susceptible to anomalous forward propagation of the thrust front. Analysis of the modern and post‐early Miocene taper history of the thrust belt suggests that rapid erosion hindered forward propagation of the contemporaneous Main Boundary thrust, but simultaneously produced conditions in the foreland that eventually elevated initial taper to a critical/supercritical value promoting forelandward propagation of the Main Frontal thrust. This analysis has implications for large damaging earthquakes in the Himalaya.
The Difficult Neck Patient—Practical Management: A Personal Approach
Authors: Hutson Kristian Haynes , D'Souza Alwyn Ray 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWith increasing global trends in aesthetic surgery, the facial plastic surgeon will undoubtedly encounter a variety of patient types including those with more unfavorable underlying anatomy. The “difficult” neck represents a cohort of individuals that exhibit both anatomical and patient-related factors that may limit overall surgical improvement. Anatomical issues that contribute to the difficult neck include excessive fat (“heavy” neck), ptosis of deep structures, obtuse cervicomental angle, and abnormalities of the underlying skeletal framework, such as a low set hyoid and inadequate chin projection. It is important that these factors are recognized and highlighted preoperatively, and that surgery is tailored appropriately to the individual. Although satisfactory results can be achieved, these may be ultimately limited, and it is important that patients understand this. We will present a review of current thinking alongside our own practice in the identification and management of these “difficult neck” patients.
Translating strangers
Authors: Bielsa Esperança 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
It has been argued that traditional notions of
the stranger, as put forward in classical accounts by Simmel, Schütz
and others, need to be re-examined in the light of widespread social
developments that challenge the divisions between the self and the
other that were once taken for granted. This chapter addresses the
significance of the cosmopolitan stranger, whose skills are
especially important under conditions of generalised societal
strangeness. A consideration of the interrelated notions of distance
and strangeness in the social experience of the stranger is offered
and the specific features of the cosmopolitan stranger examined.
After that, the cases of two cosmopolitan strangers (“dog whisperer”
Cesar Millan and 9/11 impostor survivor Tania Head) who have played
a prominent social role in societies that were not initially their
own are discussed. A concluding section returns to the notions of
distance and strangeness in order to generalise from these
particular cases by relating them to different strategies for
translating the foreign.