bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Central Corneal Haze Increased by Radial Keratotomy Following Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Shoji Nobuyuki , Hayashi Eri , Shimizu Kimiya , Uga Shigekazu , Sugita Juntaro 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report a case of central corneal haze induced by minimally invasive radial keratotomy (mini-RK) after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and subsequent deep lamellar keratoplasty.
METHODS: We report a case (one eye of one patient) of central corneal haze that worsened after mini-RK was performed 2 years following PRK. Four years later, a second PRK was done, myopic regression was subsequently observed, and corneal haze persisted. Deep lamellar keratoplasty was performed and a corneal graft was taken, which was examined by light and electron microscopy.
RESULTS: In the ablated area, irregularity of the basal membrane and hypertrophy of the corneal epithelium were observed. In the stromal layer, collagen fibers showed disorder in their disposition. Aggregated activated keratocytes were observed. An epithelial plug filling the gap of the RK incision persisted for 6 years after the mini-RK. The RK incision was easily divided when deep lamellar keratoplasty was performed and the patient obtained a stable visual outcome.
CONCLUSIONS: It is possible that mini-RK enhancement after PRK induces central corneal haze and reduces corneal integrity. Deep lamellar keratoplasty for refractory corneal haze after refractive surgery was useful in this eye. [J Refract Surg 2003;19:560-565]
Use of Market Segmentation to Identify Untapped Consumer Needs in Vision Correction Surgery for Future Growth
Authors: Loarie Thomas M , Applegate David , Kuenne Christopher B , Choi Lawrence J , Horowitz Diane P 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PtTRPOS)E): Market segmentation analysis identifies discrete segments of the population whose beliefs are consistent with exhibited behaviors such as purchase choice. This study applies market segmentation analysis to low myopes (-1 to -3 D with less than 1 D cylinder) in their consideration and choice of a refractive surgery procedure to discover opportunities within the market.
METHOD: A quantitative survey based on focus group research was sent to a demographically balanced sample of myopes using contact lenses and/or glasses. A variable reduction process followed by a clustering analysis was used to discover discrete belief-based segments. The resulting segments were validated both analytically and through in-market testing.
RESULTS: Discontented individuals who wear contact lenses are the primary target for vision correction surgery. However, 81% of the target group is apprehensive about laser in situ keratomileusis (XiASK). They are nervous about the procedure and strongly desire reversibility and exchangeability.
CONCLUSION: There exists a large untapped opportunity for vision correction surgery within the low myope population. Market segmentation analysis helped determine how to best meet this opportunity through repositioning existing procedures or developing new vision correction technology, and could also be applied to identify opportunities in other vision correction populations. [J Refract Surg 2003;19:566-5761
Adaptive Optics for Vision: The Eye's Adaptation to Point Spread Function
Authors: Artal Pablo , Chen Li , Fernández Enrique J , Singer Ben , Manzanera Silvestre , Williams David R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Despite the fact that ocular aberrations blur retinal images, our subjective impression of the visual world is sharp, which suggests that the visual system compensates for subjective influence. If the brain adjusts for specific aberrations of the eye, vision should be clearest when looking through a subject's typical wave aberration rather than through an unfamiliar one. We used adaptive optics techniques to control the eye's aberrations in order to evaluate this hypothesis.
METHODS: We used adaptive optics to produce point spread functions (PSFs) that were rotated versions of the eye's typical PSF by angles in 45° intervals. Five normal subjects were asked to view a stimulus with their own PSF or with a rotated version, and to adjust the magnitude of the aberrations in the rotated case to match the subjective blur of the stimulus to that seen when the wave aberration was in typical orientation.
RESULTS: The magnitude of the rotated wave aberration required to match the blur with the typical wave aberration was 20% to 40% less, indicating that subjective blur for the stimulus increased significantly when the PSF was rotated.
CONCLUSION: These results support the hypothesis that the neural visual system is adapted to an eye's aberrations and has important implications for correcting higher order aberrations with customized refractive surgery or contact lenses. The full visual benefit of optimizing optical correction requires that the nervous system compensate for the new correction. [J Refract Surg 2003;19: S585-S587]
Ablation Centration in Laser in situ Keratomileusis for Hyperopia: Comparison of VISX S3 ActiveTrak and VISX S2
Authors: Giaconi JoAnn A , Manche Edward E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare ablation centration and outcome measurements in laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for hyperopia using the pupiltracking VISX S3 ActiveTrak or the nontracking VTSX S2 excimer laser.
METHODS: In a retrospective study, 49 consecutively treated hyperopic eyes (32 patients) that had LASIK by the VISX StarS3 ActiveTrak were compared to 49 control-matched eyes treated with the VISX StarS2 without pupil-tracking. Primary outcome variables including ablation centration, uncorrected visual acuity, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity, manifest refraction, complications, and induced cylinder analyzed by vector analysis were evaluated 3 months postoperatively.
RESULTS: Hyperopic sphere ranged between piano and +5.50 D and cylinder between 0 and +2.75 D. Ninety-five of 98 eyes (96.9%) were available for analysis at 3 months. Of these 95, 52 eyes could be used for analysis of ablation centration. Mean decentration of the ablation zone from the entrance pupil was 0.30 ± 0.20 mm in tracked eyes (n=31) and 0.41 ± 0.39 mm in nontracked eyes (n=21), P=.17. Two eyes (6.5%) in the tracked group were significantly decentered between 0.5 and 1 mm from the pupil center. In the nontracked group, decentration was between 0.5 and 1 mm in one eye (4.8%) and greater than 1 mm in two eyes (9.5%).
CONCLUSIONS: Comparable ablation centration in LASIK for hyperopia was achieved between actively-tracked and nontracked eyes. Decentrations (greater than 1 mm) were not seen with a tracking system in this study. Visual and refractive results were similar between the VISX StarS3 ActiveTrak and VISX StarS2 laser systems. [J Refract Surg 2003;19:629-635]
Factors Influencing Flap and INTACS Decentration After Femtosecond Laser Application in Normal and Keratoconic Eyes
Authors: Ertan Aylin , Karacal Humeyra 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
To compare accuracy of LASIK flap and INTACS centration following femtosecond laser application in normal and keratoconic eyes.

Methods
This is a retrospective case series comprising 133 eyes of 128 patients referred for refractive surgery. All eyes were divided into two groups according to preoperative diagnosis: group 1 (LASIK group) comprised 74 normal eyes of 72 patients undergoing LASIK with a femtosecond laser (IntraLase), and group 2 (INTACS group) consisted of 59 eyes of 39 patients with keratoconus for whom INTACS were implanted using a femtosecond laser (IntraLase). Decentration of the LASIK flap and INTACS was analyzed using Pentacam.

Results

Temporal decentration was 612.56±384.24 µm (range: 30 to 2120 µm) in the LASIK group and 788.33±500.34 µm (range: 30 to 2450 µm) in the INTACS group. A statistically significant difference was noted between the groups in terms of decentration (
P
<.05). Regression analysis showed that the amount of decentration of the LASIK flap and INTACS correlated with the central corneal thickness in the LASIK group and preoperative sphere and cylinder in the INTACS group, respectively.

Conclusions

Decentration with the IntraLase occurred in most cases, especially in keratoconic eyes. The applanation performed for centralization during IntraLase application may flatten and shift the pupil center, and thus cause decentralization of the LASIK flap and INTACS. Central corneal thickness in the LASIK group and preoperative sphere and cylinder in the INTACS group proved to be statistically significant parameters associated with decentration. [
J Refract Surg.
2008;24:797–801.]
Retinal Burns From Experimental Laser Iridotomy
Authors: Bongard Bonnie , Pederson Jonathan E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Simulated argon laser iridotomy was performed in 12 cynomolgus monkey eyes to evaluate the effectiveness of the Abraham iridectomy lens in preventing inadvertent retinal burns. At 600 milliwatts, only two of the three eyes developed small retinal burns using the Abraham lens, whereas three eyes developed larger retinal burns without the Abraham lens. At 1000 milliwatts, retinal burns occurred with or without the Abraham lens, but the size and intensity of the burns were reduced with the lens.
Dapsone in the Treatment of Presumed Brown Recluse Spider Bite of the Eyelid
Authors: Wesley Ralph E , Ballinger William H , Close L Ward , Lay Allyn M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Brown recluse spider bites occur commonly in the Southern United States but eyelid bites are rare. Management of eyelid bites is difficult because the initial spider bite is frequently unnoticed, surgical and medical treatments are ineffective, and even a small area of necrosis affects the appearance and function of the eyelid.
Dapsone (4,4,′ diaminodiphenyl sulfone), which inhibits the infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes necessary to mediate the gangrenous skin destruction, has been reported to be effective in treatment of the brown recluse spider bite in both experimental and clinical usage. We report herein a presumed eyelid brown recluse spider bite in which inflammation responded dramatically to treatment with oral Dapsone. Earlier treatment may have prevented eyelid margin necrosis that required reconstruction.
Intraoperative Posterior Chamber Lens Haptic Fixation in the Human Cadaver Eye
Authors: Miyake Kensaku , Miyake Chikako 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The authors observed the intraoperative behavior of several posterior chamber lens (PCL) loops inserted in the human cadaver eye in a manner similar to an actual operation. The procedure was viewed under an operating microscope, and was filmed by a 16-mm movie camera. In PCLs with a length of 13-mm or more, which were originally designed for ciliary sulcus fixation, the first loop (usually the inferior loop) was easily inserted into the ciliary sulcus, but the second loop (usually the superior loop) was often misinserted into the posterior capsule. Neighboring tissues sometimes were accidentally traumatized during maneuvers to correct lens decentration. In PCLs with shorter loops, which were designed for capsular bag fixation, both loops could always be placed securely in the bag. When we compared the C-loop and the J-loop, the former was found to be excellent in its flexible nature of the loop.
Pathology of an Orbital Dermis-Fat Graft
Authors: Wojno Ted , Tenzel Richard R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A patient had an orbital dermis-fat graft implanted for a secondary socket reconstruction. The graft shrank only minimally and a portion had to be excised to permit better prosthesis fitting. The pathologic findings are presented. Although a generalization cannot be made on the basis of one case, prudence should be exercised with regard to the degree that such grafts are oversized in socket reconstruction.
Clearance of Intravitreal
p 3
H-Fluorouracil
Authors: Case James L , Peyman Gholam A , Barrada Ahmad , Hendricks Robert , Fiscella Richard , Hindi Musa 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The clearance of intravitreally administered 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was studied under five experimental conditions. The same nontoxic dose resulted in similar initial intravitreal concentrations and cleared rapidly from all eyes (approximately 90% clearance within eight hours). Half-life values ranged from 46 to 168 minutes. The longest half-life occurred in aphakicvitrectomized eyes in which hyaluronic acid (Healon *) was substituted for vitreous (168 minutes). A similar half-life was found in normal eyes (150 minutes). The shortest half-life occurred in aphakic-vitrectomized eyes postoperatively (46 minutes). Intermediate halflife values occurred in vitrectomized but phakic eyes postoperatively (67 minutes) and in aphakic-vitrectomized "quiet" eyes (at least two weeks postoperatively) (82 minutes).
Argon Laser Therapy of Occult Recurrent Hyphema From Anterior Segment Wound Neovascularization
Authors: Sharpe Elizabeth D , Simmons Richard J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Recurrent hyphema is a complication of anterior segment surgery that may present with a variety of signs and symptoms. The appropriate diagnosis of this syndrome may be overlooked because its presentation is frequently delayed, and its symptoms and signs are varied and frequently evanescent. Major forms of surgical intervention have been recommended for this syndrome, but we believe that many such cases can be treated relatively simply and effectively with argon laser goniophotocoagulation using topical anesthesia. We present five cases of recurrent hyphema from neovascularization of a surgical incision.
Cataract Surgery After Expulsive Choroidal Hemorrhage in the Fellow Eye
Authors: Straatsma Bradley R , Khwarg Steven G , Rajacich George M , Meyer Kenneth T , Pettit Thomas H 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Expulsive choroidal hemorrhage (ECH) is a dramatic and serious complication of cataract surgery that occurred in four of 8,285 consecutive cataract operations performed at the Jules Stein Eye Institute from 1970 to 1983, an incidence of 0.05%. This report reviews six patients who had uncomplicated cataract surgery after an expulsive choroidal hemorrhage occurred during cataract operation in the fellow eye. Factors predisposing to ECH are considered, and recommendations to minimize the risk of this complication during preoperative, operative, and postoperative periods are presented.
Laser Photocoagulation of Feeder Vessels in Lipid Keratopathy
Authors: Mendelsohn Alan D , Stock E Lee , Lo Garland G , Schneck Gideon L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Argon laser photocoagulation was performed on rabbit eyes with lipid keratopathy. The lipid keratopathy was induced by rendering 30 rabbits hypercholesterolemic and inciting neovasculatization by insertion of cornea] sutures. The number of laser shots required to occlude corneal vessels increased with the suture residence time, whereas the number of llmbal shots remained essentially constant. Corneal opacification and cholesterol content increased as a result of greater suture residence time and unexpectedly from the laser applications which were administered in a single treatment session.
Cyanoacrylate Tissue Adhesive in Securing Orbital Implants
Authors: Tse David T 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Histoacryl blue) tissue adhesive was used to secure orbital floor implants in the correction of superior sulcus deformities and blowout fracture repairs and in one case of autogenous orbital roof bone plate. We have found this tissue adhesive to be a valuable substitute for wiring of orbital implants and have not seen general or local toxicity to the material.
The Scleral Yoke Suture for Anterior Segment Surgery
Authors: McKenzie Keith S , Adams William L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A safe effective method of global control during anterior segment surgery is presented. The method used in 1184 consecutive cases was the scierai yoke traction suture adapted from a method often used in strabismus surgery. The incidence of postoperative ptosis severe enough to require surgical correction is presented in that group as well as in a group of 591 consecutive cataract extractions utilizing the classic superior reclus traction surgery. The principle advantages of this method as compared to the classic superior reclus traction suture are pointed out, with emphasis on the reduction of postoperative ptosis.
Clinical and Immunological Results of Corneal Allograft Rejection
Authors: Smiddy William E , Stark Walter J , Young Elaine , Klein Pamela E , Bias Wilma , Maumenee A Edward 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Of Hl episodes of graft rejection in 66 patients, 62 responded to therapy with graft clearing (responders); 49 did not (non-responders). Both groups were of similar age, sex, and etiology; both had a similar rate of glaucoma and a similar rate of previous grafting. In responders the graft reaction was shorter in duration (2.2 vs. 5.6 wks. p < 0.005), and it was necessary to increase the number of glaucoma medications more often in non-responders compared to responders (41% vs. 19%, p <0.02). The interval from surgery to reaction was similar in responders and non-responders (18.2 vs. 13.3 mos., p >0.1). An epithelial rejection Une was present in 11% of responders, but was not present in nonresponders (p <0.05). Lymphocytotoxic antibody development correlated with rejection in 16 of 64 episodes.
Patients who responded to treatment were more frequently asymptomatic (p <0.05) or were treated earlier following the onset of symptoms compared to nonresponders (p 0.0001).
These results suggest that, although graft rejection appears to be a more severe form of immunologie reactivity than graft reaction, there is no reproducible laboratory measure of any different basic immunologie mechanism. Clinically, however, reaction is more likely when an epithelial rejection line is present and when the duration of inflammatory activity is short.
The Value of Cryoprobe-Assisted Removal of Orbital Tumors
Authors: Hurwitz J J , Mishkin S K 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Freezing a tumor and using a cryoprobe for removing a noninfiltrative space-occupying orbital lesion helps greatly in removal of a tumor. The cryoprobe minimizes the potential problem of tearing the capsule of the tumor, decreases bleeding at the time of removal of an hemangioma, and plays a role in removing tumors, either benign or malignant, after they have been biopsied. It is possible that freezing a tumor decreases the potential spilling of tumor cells into the orbit through the biopsy site and upon the delivery of the tumor itself.
Digoxin Cannot Account For the Reported Association of EKG Abnormalities and Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment
Authors: Frambach Donald A , Roy Chandra E , Valentine John L , Boles Samuel F , Weiter John J , Schepens Charles L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (by EKG criteria) in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachments has been reported to be more than four times that found in age-matched controls. Adhesion between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the photoreceptors is facilitated by RPE transport. Because RPE transport is driven by a Na-K ATPase, it has been suggested that the correlation of EKG abnormalities and retinal detachment may be due to clinical use of digoxin, a Na-K ATPase inhibitor frequently given to patients with cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of EKG abnormalities in 299 consecutive patients with primary retinal detachment is about the same as that reported previously. However, 92% of these patients with EKG abnormalities did not take digoxin. Therefore, clinical use of digoxin cannot account for the reported association of EKG abnormalities and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
The PAR IS 2000: A New System for Retinal Digital Image Analysis
Authors: Varma Rohit , Spaeth George L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We describe the PAR IS 2000, a new system of digital image analysis of the optic disc. The system uses a simultaneous stereoscopic camera and a video camera to acquire images directly from the optic disc and from optic disc photographs, respectively. The image data are stored on an optical laser disk capable of handling large amounts of data (4000 monochrome images/ disk). These images can be analyzed using a modified digital interactive mapping program to generate stereometric parameters, contour maps, section profiles, pallor maps, depth maps, and three-dimensional topographic plots of the retina. A skeletonizing program permits determination and measurement of shifts in the position of retinal vessels. The systems wide range of capabilities may be helpful in improving patient care and ophthalmic research.
Evaluation of Rebreathing in Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery
Authors: Sabo Betsy , Smith R Brian , Gilbert T James 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Ten patients undergoing elective cataract surgery with local anesthesia were evaluated for rebreathing using mass spectrometry and arterial blood gas analysis. Results showed a 10 or 5 1 oxygen-air mixture with an inspired oxygen concentration of 50% (FIO2) administered via a face tent maintained normal blood gases and a satisfactorily low inspired carbon dioxide (FICO2) in conscious patients who were free of lung disease.
Intraocular Pressure Following Secondary Anterior Chamber Lens Implantation
Authors: Kooner Karanjit S , Dulaney David D , Zimmerman Thom J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Secondary anterior chamber implantation has become relatively simple since the advent of viscoelastic materials. Still, glaucoma, cystoid macular edema, endophthalmitis, and astigmatism remain visionthreatening complications. We studied intraocular pressures (I OPs) following this surgery in 102 patients (124 eyes) over 6 years. Elevated IOP was noted in 32 eyes (25.8%), but only 14 (11.3%) needed long-term medical treatment. None, however, required laser Iridectomy, trabeculoplasty, or trabeculectomy. Patients should be selected for secondary anterior chamber implantation only after more conservative measures have been exhausted.
The Pressure-Controlled Infusion System: A New Instrument for Closed-System Surgery
Authors: Moorhead Louise C , Armeniades C D 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We present the new Pressure-Controlled Infusion System (PCIS), designed to automatically regulate intraocular pressure (IOP) during surgery. Studies were performed with rabbits in which we compared the true IOP during closed-system surgery using gravity-fed infusion with the automatic control provided by the PCIS. The results from irrigation/aspiration of the lens cortex, wound closure, and vitrectomy show that the PCIS performs two functions during closed surgery: it automatically maintains the baseline IOP at the pre-set level, and it dramatically decreases the pressure fluctuations that occur with gravity infusion.
Tarsoconjunctival Grafts for Upper Eyelid Cicatricial Entropion
Authors: Shorr Norman , Christenbury Jonathan D , Goldberg Robert A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Many surgical procedures have been described for correction of cicatricial entropion of the upper eyelid. However, many of them fail to address the altered anatomy responsible for cicatricial entropion, which may lead to excessive scarring, eyelid margin malposition, or blepharoptosis. Tarsoconjunctival grafts provide a strong and permanent buttress to correct the scarring of the posterior eyelid margin that characterizes cicatricial entropion. They provide a smooth mucosal surface to interface with the corneal tear film. Depending on the circumstances, we use free ipsilateral, free contralateral, or sliding "bucket handle" tarsoconjunctival grafting. Mucosal grafts are rarely needed. Blepharoptosis is avoided by conservative dissection in the supratarsal space, sparing most of the attachments of the levator aponeurosis.