bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geoarchaeology of an Early Mycenaean Tumulus and Mortuary Practices at Eleon, Greece
Authors: Gaggioli Amanda M. , Van Damme Trevor 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTFrom a geoarchaeology and soil micromorphology perspective, mound‐type structures, including tumuli, in the Americas are the best studied in terms of understanding the details of stratigraphy that have revealed their construction phases, fill materials, and social meanings. This study extends these approaches and perspectives to the ancient Mediterranean and the particular case of Eleon in Greece during the late Middle Helladic to Late Helladic (LH) I period (c. 1700–1550 B.C.E.)—the first such study in an Aegean Bronze Age (c. 3000–1050 B.C.E.) context. Investigations of a low tumulus and associated built chamber tomb (Tomb 5) reveal the building materials and techniques, ritual activities related to the tumulus construction, and the multi‐generational reopening, use, and maintenance of Tomb 5. Furthermore, sediment characteristics and features preserve environmental conditions influencing site formation and preservation of the burial complex and associated remains. This research advances geoarchaeology and soil micromorphology for understanding mortuary practices and rituals, as well as socio‐cultural processes, such as the shaping and transfer of collective identity and memory, across time and space.
Development and validation of a pudendal nerve block simulation‐based educational intervention
Authors: Thiyagarajan Dhanalakshmi , Wheatley Catherine , Salva Catherine R. , Lerner Veronica , Saab Said S. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectivePudendal nerve block in modern obstetric practice is essential to providing comprehensive care. However, as clinical exposure declines, training opportunities also diminish. We aimed to develop and study an effective and reproducible simulation‐based educational intervention for teaching pudendal nerve block.MethodsThe pudendal nerve block simulation‐based educational intervention consists of a preintervention evaluation, didactic lecture, simulation‐based practice session using a task trainer, and post‐intervention evaluation. The intervention was developed and refined based on pilot testing and input from experts. Multiple standardized simulation sessions were implemented at four major academic institutions. We utilized paired t‐tests to compare pre‐ and post‐simulation surveys and performance assessments, and unpaired t‐tests to compare the procedural checklist data.ResultsA total of 56 subjects (OBGYN residents, fellows, and attendings; family medicine residents, and attendings; and certified nurse midwives) participated in the simulation‐based educational intervention. Competence, comfort, and confidence with identifying appropriate candidates, discussing benefits and risks, offering and performing, and identifying and managing complications of the procedure were higher at baseline for practicing clinicians and increased significantly after participating in the intervention for both residents and practicing clinicians (P value for all <0.001). Procedural competence as assessed by the checklist was not significantly different between residents and practicing clinicians (P value 0.96).ConclusionA pudendal nerve block simulation‐based educational intervention allows residents and practicing clinicians to develop knowledge, comfort, and confidence in identifying patient candidates, discussing risks and benefits, offering and performing the procedure, and identifying and managing resultant complications.
Safety of a trial of labor after cesarean in kidney and liver transplant recipients: A multicenter cohort study
Authors: Walia Anjali , Yin Ophelia , Coscia Lisa A. , Constantinescu Serban , Sarkar Monika , Moritz Michael J. , Afshar Yalda , Irani Roxanna A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the trends, safety, and feasibility of a trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) among kidney and liver transplant recipients.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study using the Transplant Pregnancy Registry International. It included recipients of a kidney or liver transplant with a live‐birth pregnancy ≥20 weeks following a prior cesarean, with births between 1967 and 2019 from 289 hospitals, primarily in North America. The primary outcomes of severe maternal morbidity (SMM) and neonatal composite morbidity were compared between those with repeat cesarean deliveries (RCDs), vaginal births after cesarean (VBACs), and failed TOLAC. Multivariable regression was conducted to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsThe 243 deliveries included in this study were composed of 80.7% RCDs, 10.3% VBACs, and 9.1% with failed TOLAC, with similar demographics between groups. There was no significant difference in incidence of SMM (RCD, 1.0%; VBAC, 4.0%; failed TOLAC, 0%; P = 0.48) or neonatal composite morbidity (RCD, 15.2%; VBAC, 11.5%; failed TOLAC, 4.5%; P = 0.45) between groups. No cases of uterine rupture or neonatal death occurred. Trends in TOLAC demonstrate that the TOLAC rate has declined from 35% in 1989–1994 to 13% in 2014–2019.ConclusionsIn this cohort of transplant recipients, TOLAC resulted in successful vaginal delivery over half the time, and did not increase the risk of maternal or neonatal morbidity compared with RCD. We encourage offering transplant recipients a trial of labor after appropriate counseling to decrease the overall rate of cesarean delivery and morbidity in this high‐risk population.
Rapid Recovery From Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State in Two Patients With Severe Hyperglycemia
Authors: Yang Yuexin , Sun Tianhui , Cheng Bangning , Wu Hailan , Chen Zhiwei , Sun Yan , Chan David W. , Zhan Xiaorong , Du Juan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) are acute, life‐threatening complications of diabetes. The overlap of these conditions, termed hyperosmolar diabetic ketoacidosis (H‐DKA), is associated with substantial morbidity due to its complex pathophysiology and high complication rates. Notably, cases of H‐DKA with glucose levels exceeding 50 mmol/L are rarely reported in the literature. This study details the clinical course of two H‐DKA patients who exhibited extreme hyperglycemia at presentation, despite having no prior diagnosis of diabetes. Both patients underwent aggressive fluid resuscitation and insulin therapy, alongside careful management of acute complications. Vital signs and laboratory parameters demonstrated substantial normalization within 3 days of treatment initiation, and no acute or long‐term complications related to the therapeutic interventions were observed. These cases underscore the efficacy of timely and intensive therapeutic interventions in mitigating the risks associated with extreme hyperglycemia in H‐DKA and highlight critical strategies for optimal patient outcomes.
Water use and performance of Kentucky bluegrass influenced by cultivar, irrigation practices, and soil texture
Authors: Carr Tyler Q. , Karcher Douglas E. , Richardson Michael D. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe use of drought‐resistant grasses and deficit irrigation practices can reduce irrigation volume without sacrificing lawn quality, but a specific lawn's irrigation requirement may vary by soil texture or irrigation frequency. Two Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) cultivars (Mallard and Geronimo), two soil textures (silt loam and loamy sand), two irrigation frequencies (1× and 3× week−1), and two irrigation volumes (40% and 80% reference evapotranspiration replacement) were evaluated in a lysimeter experiment. The experiment was replicated over three runs: late summer 2018 and early and late summer 2019. Turf quality was determined by evaluating green turfgrass coverage, and water use was determined by monitoring lysimeter weights. Mallard and Geronimo did not differ in water usage, but Mallard maintained greater coverage throughout the experiment. Lysimeters replacing 80% reference evapotranspiration averaged 1.4× greater water use and coverage than those replacing 40% reference evapotranspiration over the three experimental runs. Irrigation frequency and soil texture had minimal practical impact on water use and variable effect on turfgrass coverage. Turfgrass grown in lysimeters filled with silt loam and irrigated at 40% reference evapotranspiration demonstrated periods of greater coverage compared to turfgrass in lysimeters with loamy sand under the same irrigation regime. While soil texture may have minimal impact on water consumption during extended drought stress, these findings highlight the importance of adjusting irrigation practices to maintain turfgrass coverage. This refined understanding can allow end‐users to implement customized irrigation strategies that preserve turfgrass quality while minimizing water waste.
Effect of Microporous Surface Zirconia on Mechanical Properties and Biological Behavior of Human Gingival Fibroblasts
Authors: Zhang Luyang , He Lin , Wang Xiaoyu , Hu Jiangqi , Jiang Qingsong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAs a commonly used material in prosthodontics, zirconia has garnered widespread attention. Addressing the shortcomings of existing zirconia materials, this study aims to investigate the mechanical properties of microporous surface zirconia ceramics and their impact on the biological behavior of human gingival cells. Microporous surface zirconia was developed using a novel ceramic plasticity process, sintered at 1460°C for densification. The surface morphology and composition were determined through scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer. Surface roughness was measured using atomic force microscopy, hydrophilicity angle was determined using a contact angle measurement instrument, and X‐ray diffractometer assessed the crystalline phase content before and after aging. Material flexural strength was determined using a universal testing machine. The influence of microporous surface zirconia on the adhesion and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) was investigated through CCK‐8 and immunofluorescence staining for Integrin β1 and F‐actin. The pore structure of microporous surface zirconia (MZ) group is uniform, with a flexural strength of 1375.86 ± 76.97 MPa, significantly higher than the control (Cont) group (p < 0.05). The percentage of HGFs adhesion to the MZ group was markedly higher than the Cont group (p < 0.05). Fluorescence of Integrin β1 and F‐actin in the MZ group was significantly higher than in the Cont group. In conclusion, Microporous surface zirconia promotes the attachment and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts, facilitating early closure of soft tissues.
Signal Transduction by Phase Separation—Unnoticed Revolution in Molecular Biology
Authors: Nesterov Semen V. , Ilyinsky Nikolay S. , Fonin Alexander V. , Uversky Vladimir N. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTRecent scientific findings highlight the crucial role of liquid‐liquid phase separation (LLPS) in the compartmentalization of enzyme systems. A synthesis of the extant data indicates that lipid rafts and condensates formed by phase separation are also implicated in signal transduction, including participation in recognized receptor systems. The intrinsically disordered nature of many membrane‐binding proteins, coupled with their propensity for LLPS, provides condensate formation, which can bind to or form on the membranes. Moreover, condensates can form simultaneously on both sides of the membrane at lipid raft regions facilitating signal transmission across the membrane. The finding that LLPS plays a direct role in cell signaling, especially in well‐defined transmembrane signaling pathways, represents a substantial, yet largely unrecognized, advancement in understanding of intracellular signal transduction mechanisms.
Comparative Analysis of phaC1 and phaC2 Genes Encoding Polyhydroxyalkanoate Synthase in Cupriavidus malaysiensis USMAA1020T
Authors: Shafie Nur Asilla Hani , Azami Nor Azura , Lau Nyok Sean , Anis Siti Nor Syairah , Abdullah Amirul Al‐Ashraf 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTTwo polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase genes, phaC1 and phaC2, were identified in three strains of Cupriavidus malaysiensis (C. malaysiensis): C. malaysiensis USMAA1020T, C. malaysiensis USMAHM13, and C. malaysiensis USMAA2‐4. Interestingly, the genome of C. malaysiensis USMAA1020T revealed the presence of the polyhydroxyalkanoate granule‐associated protein (phaF), which was not present in C. malaysiensis USMAHM13 and C. malaysiensis USMAA2‐4. A Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analysis shows that the phaC genes were classified into Class I synthases. The phaC1 and phaC2 genes in the three C. malaysiensis strains formed a separate, distinct cluster. To further examine the function of phaC, both phaC genes were cloned from C. malaysiensis USMAA1020T and individually expressed in Cupriavidus necator (C. necator) PHB‐4, which serves as a benchmark of functionality for other strains. Using γ‐butyrolactone as the sole carbon source, the poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐4‐hydroxybutyrate) contains up to 83.00 mol% 4‐hydroxybutyrate (4HB) and 26.50% PHA content. However, the transformant C. necator PHB‐4 with phaC2 produced only 2.30% PHA content and no 4HB monomer. The phaC2 transformant produces up to 100 mol% 3HB monomer and 41.90% PHA content, while the phaC1 transformant produces only 25.80% PHA content when using oleic acid as the sole carbon source. When provided with a mixed substrate of oleic acid and 1‐pentanol, the transconjugants accumulated up to 20% PHA content but produced a low 3HV content of only 4%–5%. These findings significantly contribute to the scientific literature by improving the understanding of the genetic and biochemical diversity of the two PHA synthases, phaC1 and phaC2, in Cupriavidus species.
Metabolic profiles and malnutrition in hospitalized adults: A metabolomic cohort study
Authors: Trollebø Marte A. , Tangvik Randi J. , Skeie Eli , Nygård Ottar , Eagan Tomas M. L. , McCann Adrian , Dierkes Jutta 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition or risk of malnutrition is present in about one‐third of patients admitted to Western hospitals and is identified by either screening for malnutrition or further nutrition assessment. To date, there are no commonly accepted biomarkers of malnutrition, which could expedite screening efforts, ease diagnosis, and hasten treatment. We aimed to investigate whether metabolomics could identify markers associated with malnutrition in hospitalized patients and performed a retrospective metabolomic cohort study in this patients' group.MethodsThe study population included adult patients hospitalized in a medical unit. Malnutrition was identified by the second step of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria independently of the outcome of the screening step (nutritional risk screening 2002). Amino acids were determined by targeted metabolomics using gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Logistic regression analyses with Benjamini‐Hochberg procedure to reduce false discovery rate were used to identify biomarkers associated with malnutrition.ResultsIn total, 218 patients were included in the final analysis, with 62 patients having a diagnosis of malnutrition. In crude analyses, 11 metabolites were associated with malnutrition, but further adjustment attenuated the associations. After multiple adjustment, neopterin and cystatin C were positively associated with malnutrition, whereas His, Cys, and kynurenine to tryptophan ratio were negatively associated.ConclusionThe observed associations require confirmation in a replication cohort before they can be recommended as biomarkers of malnutrition.
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 Knockdown Decreases Extracellular Matrix Synthesis via Autophagy Suppression in the Rat Intervertebral Disc
Authors: Matsuo Tomoya , Takeoka Yoshiki , Yurube Takashi , Tsujimoto Takeru , Kanda Yutaro , Miyazaki Kunihiko , Ohnishi Hiroki , Ryu Masao , Kumagai Naotoshi , Kuroshima Kohei , Hiranaka Yoshiaki , Kuroda Ryosuke , Kakutani Kenichiro 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundTransient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) has been identified as a Ca2+‐permeable channel and is activated under physiological mechanical stimulation in disc nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. Meanwhile, the Ca2+‐dependent AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR pathway activates autophagy in notochordal cells. We hypothesized that TRPV4 is involved in the maintenance of intradiscal homeostasis via autophagy. Our objective was to elucidate the role of TRPV4 in extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism and autophagy in the rat intervertebral disc through a loss‐of‐function study with the RNA interference (RNAi) technique.MethodsIn vitro study: Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was applied to knockdown TRPV4 by the reverse transfection method in rat disc NP cells. Expression of TRPV4, AMPK/mTOR pathway‐related markers, and autophagy markers were measured by Western blotting (WB). Next, ECM metabolism was assessed under serum starvation and/or proinflammatory interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β) stimulation. In vivo study: TRPV4 and control siRNAs were injected into rat discs. To confirm in vivo transfection, WB for TRPV4 was conducted in rat disc NP‐tissue protein extracts 2, 28, and 56 days after injection. Furthermore, 24‐h temporary static compression‐induced disruption of TRPV4 siRNA‐injected discs was observed by radiography, histomorphology, and immunofluorescence.ResultsIn vitro study: In disc cells, three different TRPV4 siRNAs consistently suppressed autophagy with TRPV4 protein knockdown (mean 33.2% [95% CI: −50.8, −15.5], 44.1% [−61.7, −26.4], 58.3% [−76.0, −40.7]). ECM metabolism was significantly suppressed by TRPV4 RNAi under proinflammatory IL‐1β stimulation. In vivo study: The WB displayed sustained decreases in TRPV4 protein expression 2, 28, and 56 days after injection. Under the loaded condition, TRPV4 siRNA‐injected discs presented radiographic height loss ([−31.7, −7.75]), histomorphological damage ([0.300, 4.70]), and immunofluorescent suppression of autophagy ([1.61, 20.5]) and ECM metabolism ([−25.2, −6.41]) compared to control siRNA‐injected discs at 56 days.ConclusionsThe TRPV4 could be a therapeutic target for intervertebral disc diseases via modulating autophagy.
Highly Bright Silicon Nanocrystal White Light‐Emitting Diodes With Luminance in Excess of 10000 cd m⁻2
Authors: Ma Fengyang , Liu Kaixin , Yan Zhongyao , Yu Liang , Yang Yanru , Zhao Wuyan , Wang Feilong , Li Yaohua , Zhang Shuyu , Wang Songyou , Sun Jian , Lu Ming 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSilicon (Si) light source has profound significance in monolithic integrated Si photonics. However, its luminance remains too low to meet practical use that usually requires > 10000 cd m⁻2. Here, an all‐inorganic Si nanocrystal (SiNC) white light‐emitting diode (WLED) with a continuous emission spectrum spanning ≈400–900 nm in wavelength, is reported. The architecture of the WLED comprises front electrode of Ag grids and transparent‐conducting‐oxide/electron transport layer (ETL) of ZnO/front charge confinement layer (CCL) of SiO2/active layer of low‐resistivity SiNC composite thin film/rear CCL of SiO2/hole transport layer (HTL) of MoO3/textured p‐Si substrate/rear electrode of aluminum/heat radiator. The main procedures for achieving high luminance here include combined applications of high‐pressure ammonia passivation of the active layer, which enhances its photoluminescence quantum yield significantly, and texturing of p‐Si substrate, which boosts the light extraction and charge injection effectively. With an optimized combination of passivation and texturing, luminance of 10751 cd m⁻2 is achieved with external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 0.26%. After a Peltier cooler is further applied, luminance of 12363 cd m⁻2 is attained with EQE of 0.30%. Following further technical iterations, this highly bright SiNC WLED shall find applications in monolithic integrated Si photonics and even Si general lighting.
Two‐pointed Prym–Brill–Noether loci and coupled Prym–Petri theorem
Authors: Jeon Minyoung 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWe establish two‐pointed Prym–Brill–Noether loci with special vanishing at two points, and determine their K‐theory classes when the dimensions are as expected. The classes are derived by the applications of a formula for the K‐theory of certain vexillary degeneracy loci in type D. In particular, we show a two‐pointed version of the Prym–Petri theorem on the expected dimension in the general case, with a coupled Prym–Petri map. Our approach is inspired by the work on pointed cases by Tarasca, and we generalize unpointed cases by De Concini‐Pragacz and Welters.
Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Angiography as a Predictor of Distal Flap Necrosis in Latissimus Dorsi Free Flaps
Authors: Didzun Oliver , Thomas Benjamin , Panayi Adriana C. , Broichhausen Sonja , Osenegg Sophie , Falkner Florian , Hundeshagen Gabriel , Knoedler Samuel , Knoedler Leonard , Vollbach Felix , Kneser Ulrich , Gazyakan Emre , Bigdeli Amir K. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundVascularization of the distal latissimus dorsi (LD) muscle flap determines the success of the procedure, particularly in large defects. Failure due to distal flap necrosis can necessitate reoperation and increase mortality. Indocyanine green fluorescence angiography (ICGFA), as a modality that allows for intraoperative imaging of fasciocutaneous flap perfusion, has revolutionized free flap surgery. Evidence of use in muscle flap perfusion assessment is lacking. We investigate the efficacy of ICGFA in predicting distal flap necrosis in large LD free flaps.MethodsWe prospectively recorded all cases of large LD free flap reconstruction (surface area > 250 cm2) at our institution (01/2018–12/2022). Patients were grouped according to the intraoperative perfusion assessment: ICGFA or clinical judgment. The primary outcome was distal flap necrosis > 5% of the total flap. Secondary outcomes included reoperation and total operation time. Multivariable analyses were applied to identify independent risk factors.ResultsA total of 107 patients with mean age of 57 ± 18 years and BMI of 29 ± 6 kg/m2 were included. Thirty‐six patients (34%) underwent ICGFA. ICGFA was associated with a significant reduction in distal flap necrosis (18.3% vs. 2.8%, OR: −0.15, 95% CI: −0.29 to −0.02; p = 0.03) and reoperation (40.8% vs. 19.4%, OR: −0.21, CI: −0.41 to −0.02; p = 0.03), with no prolongation of the operation time (158 ± 63 vs. 191 ± 91 min, p = 0.39).ConclusionICGFA is associated with increased success of large LD free flap reconstruction, allowing a more accurate and reliable assessment of perfusion. This highlights the immense potential of ICGFA as a clinical standard, surpassing its application solely in fasciocutaneous free flap surgery and, showcasing its efficacy in free muscle flap procedures.Registration: This study has been registered at https://www.researchregistry.com (identification number: researchregistry9496).