bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Differential Metabolomes in Cumulus and Mural Granulosa Cells from Human Preovulatory Follicles
Authors: Gao Er-Meng , Turathum Bongkoch , Wang Ling , Zhang Di , Liu Yu-Bing , Tang Rong-Xin , Chian Ri-Cheng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study evaluated the differences in metabolites between cumulus cells (CCs) and mural granulosa cells (MGCs) from human preovulatory follicles to understand the mechanism of oocyte maturation involving CCs and MGCs. CCs and MGCs were collected from women who were undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment. The differences in morphology were determined by immunofluorescence. The metabolomics of CCs and MGCs was measured by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) followed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blot analysis to further confirm the genes and proteins involved in oocyte maturation. CCs and MGCs were cultured for 48 h in vitro, and the medium was collected for detection of hormone levels. There were minor morphological differences between CCs and MGCs. LC-MS/MS analysis showed that there were differences in 101 metabolites between CCs and MGCs: 7 metabolites were upregulated in CCs, and 94 metabolites were upregulated in MGCs. The metabolites related to cholesterol transport and estradiol production were enriched in CCs, while metabolites related to antiapoptosis were enriched in MGCs. The expression of genes and proteins involved in cholesterol transport (ABCA1, LDLR, and SCARB1) and estradiol production (SULT2B1 and CYP19A1) was significantly higher in CCs, and the expression of genes and proteins involved in antiapoptosis (CRLS1, LPCAT3, and PLA2G4A) was significantly higher in MGCs. The level of estrogen in CCs was significantly higher than that in MGCs, while the progesterone level showed no significant differences. There are differences between the metabolomes of CCs and MGCs. These differences may be involved in the regulation of oocyte maturation.
Association between stage and histopathological type of nasopharyngeal cancer on occurrence of postirradiation otitis media with effusion
Authors: Lasminingrum Lina , Boesoeri Shinta Fitri , Mahdiani Sally , Ranti Eveline Sabrina 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Indonesia is one of the countries with the highest incidence of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC), 6.2 out of 100,000 population/year. Radiotherapy is one of the main treatment options for NPC. Otitis media with effusion (OME) is the most common ear complication of radiotherapy for NPC patients.

Objective:
This study aimed to determine the association between the stage and histopathological type of NPC on the occurrence of OME.

Method:
This study used a cross-sectional method, data were taken retrospectively from medical records based on inclusion and exclusion criteria for the period January 2015–December 2019.

Results:
131 patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. There were 87 men and 44 women, with the largest age range being 46–55 years (49%). Most (51%) had stage III NPC, followed by stage IV A by 28%. The histopathological type is mostly undifferentiated non-keratinized NPC in 90 patients (69%) and 34 patients with differentiated nonkeratinized types (26%). The association between stage (p1) and histopathological type (p2) of NPC with the incidence of OME after radiotherapy showed insignificant results (p1 = 0.272 and p2 = 0.101).

Conclusion:
Otitis media with effusion in post irradiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients occurred in 18.3%. Postirradiation OME generally occurs in men with the age range of 46–55 years, NPC stage III and non-keratinizing undifferentiated histopathological type. There was no significant association between stage and histopathological type of NPC with the occurrence of postirradiation OME.

Highlights
Radiation-induced breast angiosarcoma: A case report
Authors: Hamza Kiram , Cheikh Telmoudi Ely , Maryem Bouab , Hicham Benaguida , Mustapha Benhessou , Mohamed Ennachit , Mohamed Elkarroumi 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Breast angiosarcomas are rare and aggressive conjunctival malignancies. They represent 0.04% of malignant breast tumors and 8–10% of all breast sarcomas. There are two forms; a primary one with no known precursor, and one secondary to breast irradiation.

Case report:
Patient aged 63 years, mother of four, known hypertensive on treatment, operated 07 years ago by right breast conservative surgery with at pathology report; CMI type NOS, grade II SBR, endoluminal B, (0 N+/10 N). The patient received chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormone therapy for 5 years.
Seven years later, she presented with a mass in the right axillary extension, near the lumpectomy scar, classified as ACR BI-RADS 4 on echomammography. The tru-cut biopsy objectified a radiation-induced breast angiosarcoma on immunohistochemistry. The patient underwent a right mastectomy.

Discussion:
Breast angiosarcoma is a rare and aggressive conjunctival tumor. There are two forms of angiosarcoma, primary with unknown precursor and secondary occurring after breast irradiation. The mode of revelation is the appearance of breast nodule rapidly increasing in volume. Histological confirmation of the sarcomatous component on the post-radiation lesion allows the diagnosis to be made. Surgery is the only treatment for radiation-induced angiosarcoma. The role of adjuvant therapies remains limited in the treatment of radiation-induced angiosarcoma.

Conclusion:
Radiation-induced angiosarcoma is a rare malignant tumour occurring in patients who have undergone breast conserving treatment. Its diagnosis is confirmed by histological study and surgery is the cornerstone of treatment.

Highlights
A comparison of Galactic electron density models using PyGEDM
Authors: Price D. C. , Flynn C. , Deller A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGalactic electron density distribution models are crucial tools for estimating the impact of the ionised interstellar medium on the impulsive signals from radio pulsars and fast radio bursts. The two prevailing Galactic electron density models (GEDMs) are YMW16 (Yao et al. 2017, ApJ, 835, 29) and NE2001 (Cordes & Lazio 2002, arXiv e-prints, pp astro–ph/0207156). Here, we introduce a software packagePyGEDMwhich provides a unified application programming interface for these models and the YT20 (Yamasaki & Totani 2020, ApJ, 888, 105) model of the Galactic halo. We usePyGEDMto compute all-sky maps of Galactic dispersion measure (DM) for YMW16 and NE2001 and compare the large-scale differences between the two. In general, YMW16 predicts higher DM values towards the Galactic anticentre. YMW16 predicts higher DMs at low Galactic latitudes, but NE2001 predicts higher DMs in most other directions. We identify lines of sight for which the models are most discrepant, using pulsars with independent distance measurements. YMW16 performs better on average than NE2001, but both models show significant outliers. We suggest that future campaigns to determine pulsar distances should focus on targets where the models show large discrepancies, so future models can use those measurements to better estimate distances along those line of sight. We also suggest that the Galactic halo should be considered as a component in future GEDMs, to avoid overestimating the Galactic DM contribution for extragalactic sources such as FRBs.
Customised vestibular rehabilitation with the addition of virtual reality based therapy in the management of persistent postural-perceptual dizziness
Authors: Mempouo E , Lau K , Green F , Bowes C , Ray J 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveVisual-vestibular mismatch patients experience persistent postural and perceptual dizziness. Previous studies have shown the benefit of vestibular rehabilitation for visual desensitisation using gaze stabilisation exercises and optokinetic stimulation. This study assessed the benefit of customised vestibular rehabilitation with visual desensitisation and virtual reality based therapy rehabilitation in the management of patients with persistent postural-perceptual dizziness.MethodsThis retrospective study included 100 patients with Situational Characteristic Questionnaire scores of more than 0.9. All patients received virtual reality based therapy along with usual vestibular rehabilitation using gaze stabilisation exercises with a plain background followed by graded visual stimulation and optokinetic digital video disc stimulation. Patients’ symptoms were assessed before and after vestibular rehabilitation using the Situational Characteristic Questionnaire, Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment-7, Nijmegen Questionnaire and Dizziness Handicap Inventory.ResultsThere were statistically significant improvements in Situational Characteristic Questionnaire scores, Nijmegen Questionnaire scores and Dizziness Handicap Inventory total score. However, there was a statistically insignificant difference in Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment-7 scores. There was a significant positive correlation between post-rehabilitation Situational Characteristic Questionnaire scores and other questionnaire results.ConclusionIncorporating virtual reality based therapy with customised vestibular rehabilitation exercises results in significant improvement in persistent postural-perceptual dizziness related symptoms.
Impact of lifestyle modifications on snoring and mild sleep apnoea patients
Authors: Sahni N , Arora K , Bansal S , Reddy G V N , Malhotra S , Virk R S 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveBehavioural modification through increasing nutritional awareness, along with customised dietary changes and education about physical inactivity, for obese snorers and mildly sleep apnoeic patients would help improve their quality of life.MethodsA one-year prospective interventional study enrolled snorers and/or mild obstructive sleep apnoea sufferers, with 36 patients each in the test group and control group. Nutritional information and tailor-made diet charts were given to the 36 test subjects. The severity of snoring and daytime sleepiness after 6 and 12 months was compared using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Thornton Snoring Scale as measures of quality of life.ResultsSubjective scores on both scales showed highly significant improvement (p ≤ 0.001) in the test group. No significant improvement was seen in the control group.ConclusionAwareness of basic nutrition and customised diet plans help to achieve behavioural modification in the long term, resulting in a better quality of life.
Navigating trade-offs between dams and river conservation
Authors: Thieme M.L. , Tickner D. , Grill G. , Carvallo J.P. , Goichot M. , Hartmann J. , Higgins J. , Lehner B. , Mulligan M. , Nilsson C. , Tockner K. , Zarfl C. , Opperman J. 
Published: August 2021

Non-technical summary
There has been a long history of conflicts, studies, and debate over how to both protect rivers and develop them sustainably. With a pause in new developments caused by the global pandemic, anticipated further implementation of the Paris Agreement and high-level global climate and biodiversity meetings in 2021, now is an opportune moment to consider the current trajectory of development and policy options for reconciling dams with freshwater system health.

Technical summary
We calculate potential loss of free-flowing rivers (FFRs) if proposed hydropower projects are built globally. Over 260,000 km of rivers, including Amazon, Congo, Irrawaddy, and Salween mainstem rivers, would lose free-flowing status if all dams were built. We propose a set of tested and proven solutions to navigate trade-offs associated with river conservation and dam development. These solution pathways are framed within the mitigation hierarchy and include (1) avoidance through either formal river protection or through exploration of alternative development options; (2) minimization of impacts through strategic or system-scale planning or re-regulation of downstream flows; (3) restoration of rivers through dam removal; and (4) mitigation of dam impacts through biodiversity offsets that include restoration and protection of FFRs. A series of examples illustrate how avoiding or reducing impacts on rivers is possible – particularly when implemented at a system scale – and can be achieved while maintaining or expanding benefits for climate resilience, water, food, and energy security.

Social media summary
Policy solutions and development pathways exist to navigate trade-offs to meet climate resilience, water, food, and energy security goals while safeguarding FFRs.
Continental‐Scale Geographic Trends in Barometric‐Pumping Efficiency Potential: A North American Case Study
Authors: Avendaño Sofia T. , Harp Dylan R. , Kurwadkar Sudarshan , Ortiz John P. , Stauffer Philip H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBarometric pumping is a gas transport mechanism that has important implications for many applications involving subsurface gas seepage processes. This study provides the first continental‐scale analysis of barometric‐pumping efficiency potential based on meteorology. We quantified the barometric‐pumping efficiency potential at 1,257 locations across the continental US and Canada. The results provide continental‐scale geographic dependencies of barometric‐pumping efficiency potential, indicating a significant correlation with latitude and a nonlinear dependence on longitude. The analysis also indicates that variability in barometric‐pumping efficiency potential decreases with distance from the coast and as elevation increases. Locations far from the coastline are more likely to have upper mid‐range potentials, while higher elevation locations are more likely to have low potentials. The highest barometric‐pumping efficiency potentials are mostly found around the Gulf of St. Lawrence around 50°N. Locations along the Atlantic coast exhibit large‐scale variations in potentials with a clear increasing trend with latitude.
Atmospheric Rivers and Snow Accumulation in the Upper Colorado River Basin
Authors: Xiao Mu , Lettenmaier Dennis P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe utilized a macroscale hydrology model in conjunction with an atmospheric river (AR) catalog to evaluate AR‐affected snow accumulation in the Upper Colorado River basin (UCRB) headwaters for water years 1951–2015. We find that there are on average 11.4 days during which AR‐originating snow accumulates in the UCRB each year, yielding 5.75 km3 of snow water equivalent (SWE). This AR‐originating SWE accounts for 30.8% of average annual peak SWE in the basin. Most of the ARs that reach the UCRB first intercept the Sierra Nevada region of California; 84% of days affected by ARs in the UCRB are also AR‐affected days in the Sierra Nevada. The pathways of the ARs reaching the UCRB do not have a great effect on snow accumulation, however ARs that first pass through the Sierra Nevada generally produce greater snow accumulations there than in the UCRB.
Reinforcement of Secondary Circulation by Aerosol Feedback and PM2.5 Vertical Exchange in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer
Authors: Li Jixiang , Wu Min , Li Yang , Ma Shuxin , Wang Zhanxiang , Zhao Yuan , Lian Lulu , Song Shijie , Huang Tao , Gao Hong , Tao Shu , Liu Junfeng , Mao Xiaoxuan , Ma Jianmin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe secondary circulation (SC) plays a vital role in the vertical exchange of meteorological variables and aerosol particles between the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and the free atmosphere. We show that, under favorable synoptic‐scale weather conditions aggravating PM2.5 pollution, heavy particle contaminations reduce wind speed in the low ABL via an aerosol feedback mechanism that perturbs the SCs. We examine the aerosol feedback impact on the reinforcement of SCs subject to heavy PM2.5 pollution occurring in Beijing and its surroundings in China. Results reveal that episodic and composite heavy PM2.5 events simulated by the aerosol feedback model runs reduce the ABL wind speeds and enhance the SC. We identify the SC signals by the differences of resultant wind speeds and PM2.5 concentrations between “feedback” and “nonfeedback” simulations under the presence of a hill topographic forcing, which is conducive to the vertical exchange of PM2.5 between the ABL and free atmosphere.
Nonlinear control of photonic higher-order topological bound states in the continuum
Authors: Hu Zhichan , Bongiovanni Domenico , Jukić Dario , Jajtić Ema , Xia Shiqi , Song Daohong , Xu Jingjun , Morandotti Roberto , Buljan Hrvoje , Chen Zhigang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHigher-order topological insulators (HOTIs) are recently discovered topological phases, possessing symmetry-protected corner states with fractional charges. An unexpected connection between these states and the seemingly unrelated phenomenon of bound states in the continuum (BICs) was recently unveiled. When nonlinearity is added to the HOTI system, a number of fundamentally important questions arise. For example, how does nonlinearity couple higher-order topological BICs with the rest of the system, including continuum states? In fact, thus far BICs in nonlinear HOTIs have remained unexplored. Here we unveil the interplay of nonlinearity, higher-order topology, and BICs in a photonic platform. We observe topological corner states that are also BICs in a laser-written second-order topological lattice and further demonstrate their nonlinear coupling with edge (but not bulk) modes under the proper action of both self-focusing and defocusing nonlinearities. Theoretically, we calculate the eigenvalue spectrum and analog of the Zak phase in the nonlinear regime, illustrating that a topological BIC can be actively tuned by nonlinearity in such a photonic HOTI. Our studies are applicable to other nonlinear HOTI systems, with promising applications in emerging topology-driven devices.
Gut microbial biomarkers for the treatment response in first-episode, drug-naïve schizophrenia: a 24-week follow-up study
Authors: Yuan Xiuxia , Wang Yunpeng , Li Xue , Jiang Jiajun , Kang Yulin , Pang Lijuan , Zhang Peifen , Li Ang , Lv Luxian , Andreassen Ole A. , Fan Xiaoduo , Hu Shaohua , Song Xueqin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPreclinical studies have shown that the gut microbiota can play a role in schizophrenia (SCH) pathogenesis via the gut-brain axis. However, its role in the antipsychotic treatment response is unclear. Here, we present a 24-week follow-up study to identify gut microbial biomarkers for SCH diagnosis and treatment response, using a sample of 107 first-episode, drug-naïve SCH patients, and 107 healthy controls (HCs). We collected biological samples at baseline (all participants) and follow-up time points after risperidone treatment (SCH patients). Treatment response was assessed using the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale total (PANSS-T) score. False discovery rate was used to correct for multiple testing. We found that SCH patients showed lower α-diversity (the Shannon and Simpson’s indices) compared to HCs at baseline (p = 1.21 × 10−9, 1.23 × 10−8, respectively). We also found a significant difference in β-diversity between SCH patients and HCs (p = 0.001). At baseline, using microbes that showed different abundance between patients and controls as predictors, a prediction model can distinguish patients from HCs with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.867. In SCH patients, after 24 weeks of risperidone treatment, we observed an increase of α-diversity toward the basal level of HCs. At the genus level, we observed decreased abundance of Lachnoclostridium (p = 0.019) and increased abundance Romboutsia (p = 0.067). Moreover, the treatment response in SCH patients was significantly associated with the basal levels of Lachnoclostridium and Romboutsia (p = 0.005 and 0.006, respectively). Our results suggest that SCH patients may present characteristic microbiota, and certain microbiota biomarkers may predict treatment response in this patient population.
Ferroptosis: the potential value target in atherosclerosis
Authors: Ouyang Siyu , You Jia , Zhi Chenxi , Li Pin , Lin Xiaoyan , Tan Xiaoqian , Ma Wentao , Li Liang , Xie Wei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn advanced atherosclerosis (AS), defective function-induced cell death leads to the formation of the characteristic necrotic core and vulnerable plaque. The forms and mechanisms of cell death in AS have recently been elucidated. Among them, ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of necrosis that is characterized by oxidative damage to phospholipids, promotes AS by accelerating endothelial dysfunction in lipid peroxidation. Moreover, disordered intracellular iron causes damage to macrophages, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), vascular endothelial cells (VECs), and affects many risk factors or pathologic processes of AS such as disturbances in lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and dyslipidemia. However, the mechanisms through which ferroptosis initiates the development and progression of AS have not been established. This review explains the possible correlations between AS and ferroptosis, and provides a reliable theoretical basis for future studies on its mechanism.
The Cardamine enshiensis genome reveals whole genome duplication and insight into selenium hyperaccumulation and tolerance
Authors: Huang Chuying , Ying Hongqin , Yang Xibiao , Gao Yuan , Li Tuo , Wu Bo , Ren Meng , Zhang Zixiong , Ding Jun , Gao Jianhua , Wen Dan , Ye Xingzhi , Liu Ling , Wang Huan , Sun Guogen , Zou Yi , Chen Nansheng , Wang Li 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCardamine enshiensis is a well-known selenium (Se)-hyperaccumulating plant. Se is an essential trace element associated with many health benefits. Despite its critical importance, genomic information of this species is limited. Here, we report a chromosome-level genome assembly of C. enshiensis, which consists of 443.4 Mb in 16 chromosomes with a scaffold N50 of 24 Mb. To elucidate the mechanism of Se tolerance and hyperaccumulation in C. enshiensis, we generated and analyzed a dataset encompassing genomes, transcriptomes, and metabolomes. The results reveal that flavonoid, glutathione, and lignin biosynthetic pathways may play important roles in protecting C. enshiensis from stress induced by Se. Hi-C analysis of chromatin interaction patterns showed that the chromatin of C. enshiensis is partitioned into A and B compartments, and strong interactions between the two telomeres of each chromosome were correlated with histone modifications, epigenetic markers, DNA methylation, and RNA abundance. Se supplementation could affect the 3D chromatin architecture of C. enshiensis at the compartment level. Genes with compartment changes after Se treatment were involved in selenocompound metabolism, and genes in regions with topologically associated domain insulation participated in cellular responses to Se, Se binding, and flavonoid biosynthesis. This multiomics research provides molecular insight into the mechanism underlying Se tolerance and hyperaccumulation in C. enshiensis.