bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technical note: RAT – a robustness assessment test for calibrated and uncalibrated hydrological models
Authors: Nicolle Pierre , Andréassian Vazken , Royer-Gaspard Paul , Perrin Charles , Thirel Guillaume , Coron Laurent , Santos Léonard 
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Prior to their use under future changing climate conditions, all
hydrological models should be thoroughly evaluated regarding their temporal
transferability (application in different time periods) and extrapolation
capacity (application beyond the range of known past conditions). This note
presents a straightforward evaluation framework aimed at detecting potential
undesirable climate dependencies in hydrological models: the robustness
assessment test (RAT). Although it is conceptually inspired by the classic
differential split-sample test of Klemeš (1986), the RAT presents the
advantage of being applicable to all types of models, be they calibrated or not
(i.e. regionalized or physically based). In this note, we present the RAT,
illustrate its application on a set of 21 catchments, verify its
applicability hypotheses and compare it to previously published tests.
Results show that the RAT is an efficient evaluation approach, passing it
successfully can be considered a prerequisite for any hydrological model to
be used for climate change impact studies.
Calibrated ensemble forecasts of the height of new snow using quantile regression forests and ensemble model output statistics
Authors: Evin Guillaume , Lafaysse Matthieu , Taillardat Maxime , Zamo Michaël 
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Height of new snow (HN) forecasts help to prevent critical failures of infrastructures in mountain areas, e.g. transport networks and ski resorts. The French national meteorological service, Météo-France, operates a probabilistic forecasting system based on ensemble meteorological forecasts and a detailed snowpack model to provide ensembles of HN forecasts. These forecasts are, however, biased and underdispersed. As for many weather variables, post-processing methods can be used to alleviate these drawbacks and obtain meaningful 1 to 4 d HN forecasts. In this paper, we compare the skill of two post-processing methods. The first approach is an ensemble model output statistics (EMOS) method, which can be described as a nonhomogeneous regression with a censored shifted Gamma distribution. The second approach is based on quantile regression forests, using different meteorological and snow predictors. Both approaches are evaluated using a 22 year reforecast. Thanks to a larger number of predictors, the quantile regression forest is shown to be a powerful alternative to EMOS for the post-processing of HN ensemble forecasts. The gain of performance is large in all situations but is particularly marked when raw forecasts completely miss the snow event. This type of situation happens when the rain–snow transition elevation is overestimated by the raw forecasts (rain instead of snow in the raw forecasts) or when there is no precipitation in the forecast. In that case, quantile regression forests improve the predictions using the other weather predictors (wind, temperature, and specific humidity).
Statistical impact of wind-speed ramp events on turbines, via observations and coupled fluid-dynamic and aeroelastic simulations
Authors: Kelly Mark , Andersen Søren Juhl , Hannesdóttir Ásta 
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Via 11 years of high-frequency measurements, we
calculated the probability space of expected offshore wind-speed ramps,
recasting it compactly in terms of relevant load-driving quantities for
horizontal-axis wind turbines. A statistical ensemble of events in reduced
ramp-parameter space (ramp acceleration, mean speed after ramp, upper-level
shear) was created to capture the variability of ramp parameters and also
allow connection of such to ramp-driven loads. Constrained Mann-model (CMM)
turbulence simulations coupled to an aeroelastic model were made for each
ensemble member, for a single turbine. Ramp acceleration was found to
dominate the maxima of thrust-associated loads, with a ramp-induced increase
of 45 %–50 % for blade-root flap-wise bending moment and tower-base
fore–aft moment, plus ∼ 3 % per 0.1 m/s2 of bulk ramp-acceleration magnitude. The ensemble of ramp events from the CMM was also embedded in large-eddy
simulation (LES) of a wind farm consisting of rows of nine turbines. The LES
uses actuator-line modeling for the turbines and is coupled to the
aeroelastic model. The LES results indicate that the ramps, and the mean
acceleration associated with them, tend to persist through the farm. Depending on the ramp acceleration, ramps crossing rated speed lead to maximum loads,
which are nearly constant for the third row and further downwind. Where
rated power is not achieved, the loads primarily depend on wind speed; as
mean winds weaken within the farm, ramps can again have U < Vrated. This leads to higher loads than pre-ramp conditions, with the
distance where loads begin to increase depending on inflow Umax⁡ relative
to Vrated. For the ramps considered here, the effect of turbulence on
loads is found to be small relative to ramp amplitude that causes
Vrated to be exceeded, but for ramps with Uafter < Vrated, the combination of ramp and turbulence can cause load maxima.
The same sensitivity of loads to acceleration is found in both the
CMM-aeroelastic simulations and the coupled LES.
Vision 2020 – Right to Sight
Authors: Pajor Emese 
Published: September 2021

A cikk bemutatja a WHO Vision 2020 program hátterét, a program megvalósulásához vezető utat. Betekintést nyújt a látássérülések kórokainak és prevalenciájának azon változásaiba, amelyek a program hatására történtek világszerte. A húsz éves akció során az elkerülhető vakság és látáskárosodás megelőzésére szervezett cselekvési tervek nagymértékben hozzájárultak a program sikeréhez.
A nemzetközi eredmények mellett a cikk röviden bemutatja a hazai kutatásokat, programokat és eredményeket is. Az elkerülhető vakság felszámolására tett küzdelmek 2020-ra azonban nem fejeződtek be. Új fókuszpontokkal, növekvő globális népességgel szembenézve tovább folytatódnak a vakság és a látássérülés felszámolására tett lépések.
Kulcsszavak: WHO, Vision 2020 – Right to Sight, World Riport of Vision, vakság, látássérülés, megelőzés
Taxation of Professional Team Sport Athletes in the Czech Republic
Authors: Radvan Michal , Neckář Jan 
Published: September 2021

The career of a professional athlete is unique when compared to other professions. Not purely the role and nature of the position (such as whether they are individual or team players), but also from the factual, legal, and especially tax perspectives. And since a professional athlete’s income is subject to taxation, it is necessary that their activity is accurately determined for appropriate tax assessment. The main purpose of this article is to examine the taxation of income on professional athletes in team sports. Our study is based on case law determined by the Czech Republic’s Supreme Administrative Court (hereinafter ‘Supreme Administrative Court’), which determined that it is necessary to tax the activities of team players as income from self-employment. The existing scientific literature on this subject in the Czech Republic is not particularly relevant, as it is mostly descriptive. International scientific literature is more abundant and comprehensive, such as noted publications by Tetłak, Simpson, and Taxation of Artistes and Sportsmen in International Tax Law, edited by Loukota and Stefaner.
Traumatic Mapping and Generational Topographies in Amy Kurzweil’sFlying Couch
Authors: Reynolds Megan V. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAmy Kurzweil’s graphic memoir Flying Couch demonstrates the lingering struggles the third generation of Holocaust survivors face in trying to understand their own identities. This article examines Flying Couch and Kurzweil’s struggles with her familial Holocaust trauma. Through the use of maps, Kurzweil examines her relationship to her grandmother, a Holocaust survivor, and her mother, a member of the second generation after the Holocaust. The article argues that while these maps work to ground both Kurzweil and the narrative itself, these attempts actually emphasize the instability with which Kurzweil still grapples. However, Kurzweil’s inclusion of various forms of mapping consists of more than recognizing her grandmother’s Holocaust trauma because she also examines her relationship to her mother, and her own identity as an individual. These maps create opportunities in which she can understand her identity as a part of and apart from her familial trauma. Through these familial interactions, the maps in Flying Couch create a generational topography in which they serve two important functions: (1) to connect Kurzweil with her familial and intergenerational Holocaust trauma, and (2) to allow Kurzweil to understand her sense of self apart from this intergenerational trauma.
PREDIKSI PENERIMAAN KARYAWAN BAGIAN DESAIN PADA EVENT ORGANIZER PT. SEIRAH WISATA MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA C4.5
Authors: Bei harira Hendriyanto , 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Human resources design section at an Event Organizer is a vital part considering that the design will be seen by the event participants in addition to the technical events. The selection of employees who understand design and have extensive experience is important. The process of selecting employees in the design field can sometimes be difficult to predict if there are several prospective employees with balanced abilities. From the calculation results of the dataset as many as 14 applicants using the C4.5 algorithm, the highest Gain Ratio value obtained in the design Ability and Experience = 0.7172, Origin of Schools = 0.0511 and Age = 0.0205.
Keywords : event organizer, C4.5 algorithm, prospective employees, Gain Ratio
Exploring New Scientific Methods in the Teaching and Learning of Sesotho
Authors: Sebotsa Mosisili , Koele Malefane Victor 
Published: September 2021

Teaching and learning of languages especially modern languages, be they
L1, L2 or L3, continue to evolve and shift from the traditional approach
where the physical instructor was key to the educational process to
contemporary interactive digital approaches that give the learn a certain
amount of confidence and autonomy. However, this is not the case in Lesotho
where the approach in the teaching and learning of Sesotho has arguably
been traditional, despite the fact that Sesotho is not only the official
language but also the only indigenous language spoken across the country.
This article concerned with problems related to teaching and learning of
Sesotho through the use of traditional methods. It argues that contemporary
approaches would render the language much more accessible to the masses
locally and internationally, particularly in the information age. Secondly,
new methods would help re-document the language with all the indigenous
knowledge and savoir-faire proper to the language and culture of Basotho.
The article explores possible avenues of electronic language documentation
and digitisation with the aim of improving the teaching and learning of
Sesotho in formal academic establishments and in informal settings
generally meant for foreign agents working or representing international
non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in the rural areas of Lesotho. This
is where citizens may know how to read and right but not be particularly
conversant in the second official language - English. Finally, the article
advocates for collaboration between computer scientists and linguists with
the objective of developing an on-point Sesotho language software that
supports regulated online language learning platforms.
ABO AND RHESUS BLOOD GROUP DISTRIBUTION IN URBAN AREA OF SOUTHERN PUNJAB MULTAN PAKISTAN
Authors: Bhutta AM , Tasawar Z , Sajid M , Hayat S , Ali A , Malik A 
Published: September 2021

This study was conducted to find out the distribution of ABO phenotypes frequencies in urban area of Southern Punjab Multan Pakistan. A total of 1087 subjects (both male & female) were taken and their blood samples were tested for ABO blood group & Rh. by using anti sera of ABO blood grouping i.e. Anti-D, Anti-A and Anti-B, and confirmed by standard technique. Doubtful results were checked by tube method. The data was analyzed by applying Pearson correlation and chi square test. In the present study overall prevalence of blood group & Rh. positive was 997/1087 (91.72%) as compared to 90/1087 (8.28%) blood group & Rh. negative (P< 0.05). It is a part of evolution with a natural and random genetic drift selection. ABO blood group types were equally distributed but there was no significant difference in both sexes. However, among ABO blood group & Rh positive; dominance frequency was ‘B’ positive with 373 (34.32%) followed by ‘O’ positive 293 (26.95%), ‘A’ positive 218 (20.06%) and ‘AB’ positive with frequency of 113 (10.40%) respectively, and among ABO blood group & Rh. negative; ‘O’ negative was more prevalent with 42 (3.86%) followed by ‘B’ negative 23 (2.12%), ‘A’ negative 22 (2.02%), and ‘AB’ negative with frequency of 03 (0.28%) respectively In the present study ABO blood group ‘B’ positive was dominant as compared to other ABO blood groups & Rh positive (P> 0.05). Analysis of the data collected in the present study indicated that there was a dominant frequency of ABO blood group & Rh. positive as compared to Rh. negative, and blood group ‘B’ positive was dominant as compared to other ABO blood group types. The determination of the frequency of ABO blood group types in urban area Southern Punjab Multan would help us in understanding the distribution of ABO phenotypes. Whereas, the differences of ABO blood group’s frequencies in different races and regions is a part of evolution with a natural and random genetic drift selection.
Effects of the Decision-Making Process on the Competitive Advantage in Costs Obtained After Implementing Outsourcing
Authors: Neves Henrique de Castro , Colares Jose Carlos De Souza , Favero Joao Bosco , Dos Santos Jean Carlo Silva , Da Silva Rosangela Aparecida 
Published: September 2021

This article aims to answer how the decision process model used to adjudicate on the implementation of outsourcing in the company affected the competitive advantage in costs obtained by the organization after the implementation of subcontracting. Therefore, the financial results obtained by the company in the period from 2015 to 2019 were analysed in order to know if there were competitive advantages in costs arising from the decision to implement outsourcing. Studies were also carried out on the structure of the decision-making process adopted by the entity to identify the level of efficiency of this model in the implementation of outsourcing, and finally, the impacts generated on these advantages due to the degree of efficiency of the tool application were verified. The research strategy was qualitative and quantitative, with an exploratory bias, bibliographic survey and structured interview. A mathematical model was used based on 14 (fourteen) decision-making efficiency indicators, 4 (four) efficiency level classification indicators and 5 (five) classification criteria for performance. The results showed that there is sufficient evidence to conclude that the low level of efficiency in the decision-making structure contributed to the high financial impact on Company Alpha and, consequently, to the negative impact on competitiveness acquired through the implementation of outsourcing in this entity, which caused financial disadvantages represented by losses in operating income and reduction in profitability.
Mediation à la française: de opmars van mediation in het Franse recht
Authors: Schillings Marinka , Verkuilen Thom 
Published: September 2021

The French way in mediation: the rise of mediation in French law
Mediation is becoming ever more important in French law. For a long time, parties have been able to agree to mediate to avoid expensive and long legal proceedings. Recent reforms have extended the scope of mediation. The courts can ask parties to try and mediate, and in some areas of law, for instance disputes about less than € 5000, mediation has even become a prerequisite for being able to file a case. Whilst mediation is thus playing an important role in everyday disputes, national regulation for mediators is lagging behind. There are no thorough universal standards for mediators and there is no central disciplinary board, even though mediators’ organizations have been creating such professional rules and institutions. It is likely the advent of a mandatory attempt at mediation will lead the French legislator to adopt more universal rules for mediation.
The importance of autologous blood transfusion in lung transplantation and cardiovascular surgeries
Authors: İlker Akçam Tevfik , Özdil Ali , Kavurmacı Önder , Öztürk Pelin , Can Başaran Deniz , Tanzer Çalkavur İsmet , Çağırıcı Ufuk , Özbaran Mustafa 
Published: September 2021

Background: In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of using autologous blood recovery systems on transfusion-related complications in patients undergoing lung transplantation and cardiovascular surgeries.
Methods: Between May 2016 and May 2019, a total of 104 patients (90 males, 14 females; mean age: 59.3±16.4 years; range, 12 to 89 years) in whom cell-saver and autologous blood recovery systems were used during lung transplantation or cardiovascular surgeries were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups as Group 1 (n=61) consisting of patients who received autologous blood transfusion and as Group 2 (n=43) consisting of patients who did not. Data including demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients, operation data, and postoperative complications were recorded.
Results: The total amount of transfused blood/blood product was found to be significantly higher in Group 1 (p=0.018). However, transfusionrelated complications were found to be higher in Group 2 (p=0.0261). There was no significant difference in the length of hospital stay between the groups.
Conclusion: Autologous blood transfusion may prevent the development of transfusion-related complications by reducing the amount of allogenic transfusion in major surgical procedures. In our study, the autologous blood transfusion was used in critical patients with major bleeding and, therefore, the total amount of transfused blood/blood product was higher in these patients. Nevertheless, lower complication rates in this patient group emphasize the importance of autologous blood transfusion.
Dinâmica espaço-temporal da COVID-19 nas regionais administrativas de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Azevedo Úrsula Ruchkys de , Martins Nathan Carlo , Pereira Eric Oliveira , Campos Júnior Edimar Olegário de , Cortez Matheus Luiz , Ribeiro Sonia Maria Carvalho 
Published: September 2021

As epidemias são uma grande preocupação da espécie humana e os patógenos virais representam um perigo sempre presente para a saúde global, com destaque para evento recente da epidemia de COVID-19 causada pelo Coronavírus SARS-CoV-2. O artigo tem como objetivo analisar as taxas de mortalidade da COVID-19 e explorar suas associações com indicadores demográficos e sociais nas nove regiões administrativas do município de Belo Horizonte, capital de Minas Gerais, segundo mais populoso Estado do Brasil. O estudo considera e analisa os padrões espaço-temporais de óbitos por COVID-19 reportados nos boletins epidemiológicos da Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte (PBH) considerando o período da Semana Epidemiológica (SE), SE 23/2020 (31 de maio de 2020) até SE 21/2021 (29 de maio de 2021). Os resultados indicam que as regionais administrativas tiveram comportamento diferenciado em relação a COVID-19 e que esse desempenho, associa-se, predominantemente, às características demográficas e de vulnerabilidade social.
Mapeamento das medidas de exigibilidade coletiva para garantia do direito à educação infantil no Paraná
Authors: Silveira Adriana Aparecida Dragone , Taporosky Barbara Cristina Hanauer , Feldman Marina , Gonçalves Lusiane 
Published: September 2021

Nos últimos anos tem crescido o envolvimento do sistema de justiça para a exigibilidade do direito à educação, entendido como judicialização da educação. A literatura do campo tem discutido a ampliação desse fenômeno, relacionado a uma convergência de fatores, como a crescente juridificação da educação, o fortalecimento e a ampliação de instituições como o Ministério Público e a ausência de políticas públicas. Considerando estes fatores, o presente artigo objetiva apresentar e analisar um mapeamento das medidas de exigibilidade coletivas judiciais e extrajudiciais para garantia do direito à Educação Infantil no estado do Paraná, buscando identificar possíveis fatores explicativos para esse fenômeno em tal contexto. Para a concretização de tal objetivo, foram analisadas 71 medidas de exigibilidade em 60 municípios, localizadas no sistema de justiça do estado, no período entre 2005 e 2016. Os dados sobre os procedimentos coletivos foram cotejados com o perfil dos municípios de acordo com seu porte, faixa de rendimento médio e taxa de urbanização. Ainda foi analisada a relação da existência de procedimentos com variáveis institucionais do sistema de justiça e taxas de atendimento em creche e pré-escola. Conclui-se que, no Paraná, a requisição coletiva do direito à Educação Infantil tem se dado exclusivamente por iniciativa do Ministério Público, possuindo uma forte relação com suas variáveis institucionais, com maior incidência em municípios não tão pequenos, com maior taxa de urbanização e renda média.
Association of cerebral microvascular perfusion and diffusion dynamics detected by intravoxel incoherent motion-diffusion weighted imaging with initial neurological function and clinical outcome in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Chen Fei , Dai Zhenyu , Yao Lizheng , Dong Congsong , Shi Haicun , Dou Weiqiang , Xing Wei 
Published: September 2021

Background
This work aimed to explore the association of cerebral microvascular perfusion and diffusion dynamics measured by intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging with initial neurological function and clinical outcome in acute stroke.

Methods
In total, 39 patients were assessed with admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and day-90 modified Rankin Scale (mRS). The parametrical maps of IVIM were obtained, including apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*), true diffusion coefficient (D) and perfusion fraction (f). The fD* was the product of f and D*. Moreover, the ratios of lesioned/contralateral parameters (rADC, rD, rD*, rf and rfD*) were also obtained. The differences of these parameters between the poor outcome group and good outcome group were evaluated. Partial correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlations between the admission NIHSS/day-90 mRS and each parameter ratio, with lesion volumes controlled.

Results
The ADC, D, D*, f and fD* values of lesions were significantly reduced than those of the contralateral regions. The rADC and rD were significantly decreased in the poor outcome group than good outcome group (all p < 0.01). With lesion volume controlled, rADC showed a weak negative correlation (r = −0.340, p = 0.037) and a notable negative correlation (r = −0.688, p < 0.001) with admission NIHSS score and day-90 mRS score, respectively. In addition, rD showed a strong negative correlation (r = −0.731, p < 0.001) with day-90 mRS score.

Conclusion
Significant negative correlations were revealed between IVIM derived diffusion dynamics parameters and initial neurological function as well as clinical outcome for patients with acute ischemic stroke. IVIM can be therefore suggested as an effective non-invasive method for evaluating the acute ischemic stroke.