bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trace Amounts of Antibiotic Altered Metabolomic and Microbial Profiles of Weaned Pigs Infected with a Pathogenic E. coli­­­­­­­
Authors: Kim Kwangwook , Jinno Cynthia , Ji Peng , Liu Yanhong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Our previous study has shown that supplementation of trace amounts of antibioticexacerbated the detrimental effects of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) infection and delayed the recovery of pigs that may be associated with modified metabolites and metabolic pathways. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the impacts of trace levels of antibiotic (carbadox) on host metabolic profiles and colon microbiota of weaned pigs experimentally infected with ETEC F18. Results: The multivariate analysis highlighted a distinct metabolomic profile of serum and colon digesta between trace amounts of antibiotic (TRA) and label-recommended dose antibiotic (REC) on d 5 post-inoculation (PI). The relative abundance of metabolomic markers of amino acids, carbohydrates, and purine metabolism were significantly differentiated between the TRA and REC groups (q < 0.2). In addition, pigs in REC group had the highest (P < 0.05) relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae and tended to have increased (P < 0.10) relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae in the colon digesta on d 5 PI. On d 11 PI, pigs in REC had greater (P < 0.05) relative abundance of Clostridiaceae compared with other groups, whereas had reduced (P < 0.05) relative abundance of Prevotellaceae than pigs in control group.Conclusions: Trace amounts of antibiotic resulted in differential metabolites and metabolic pathways that may be associated with its slow responses against ETEC F18 infection. The altered gut microbiota profiles by label-recommended dose antibiotic may contribute to the promotion of disease resistance in weaned pigs.
Effects of continuum of care in maternal health services on adverse birth outcome in Northwest Ethiopia: a prospective follow up study
Authors: Zelka Muluwas Amentie , Yalew Alemayehu Worku , Debelew Gurmesa Tura 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

Globally, around 4 million of babies were died within the first month and more than 3 million were stillbirth. Of them, 99% of newborn deaths and 98% of stillbirth occur in developing countries. Despite give a priority for maternal health services, adverse birth outcomes are still major public health problems and big challenge in Ethiopia particularly in study area. Hence, to overcome those challenges, a continuum of care (COC) is core key strategies. Despite that study conduct on effectiveness of COC in maternal health services was scare in developing countries and not done in study area. We aimed to assess effectiveness of continuity of care on reduction of adverse events and determinants of adverse birth outcomes.
Methods

Community and health facility linked prospective follow-up study design was employed from March 2020 to January 2021 in Northwest Ethiopia. A multistage sampling technique was used to recruit 2,198 pregnant women. Data were collected by using semi-structured and pretested interviewer questionnaire. Collected data were coded, entered, cleaned and analyzed by using STATA 14. Mixed-effect model was used to identify community and individual level factors of adverse birth outcomes. Finally, propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to determine effectiveness of COC in maternal health services.
Results

Magnitude of adverse birth outcome was 26.8%: stillbirth (2.7%), neonatal mortality rate (3.1%) and neonatal morbidity (6.8%). Risk factors significantly associated were being poor household wealth index (AOR = 3.3), pregnant related complication during pregnancy (AOR = 3.29), labour and childbirth (AOR = 6.08), immediately after childbirth (AOR = 5.24), offensive odder amniotic fluid (AOR = 3.04) and history of stillbirth (AOR = 4.2). Whereas, women receive IFA during pregnancy (AOR = 0.44), initiate BF within 1hour (AOR = 0.22) and immunizing newborn within postnatal period (AOR = 0.33) were protective factors. As treatment effect, completion of COC in MHS via time dimension (β = -0.03), completion of key services of MHS (β = -0.04) and completion of COC in MHS via space dimension (β = -0.02) were associated with a significant reduction in the likelihood of perinatal death
Conclusions

The results suggested that neonatal and perinatal mortality rate were high as compared with national and international target. Completion of COC in MHS is an effective strategy in reduction perinatal death. Efforts should be made to strengthening COC of MHS and also encourage IFA supplementation, immunizing and early initiation of BF for newborn were strongly recommended.
A Hierarchical Congestion Control Method in Clustered Internet of Things
Authors: Mokhtari Sadaf , Barati Hamid , Barati Alli 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Internet of things (IoT) is a modern technology where data can be transmitted to any things (human, animal, or object) over communications networks, whether Internet or intranet. Congestion occurs when the input data rate to the node, higher than the output data rate of node. Congestion control in computer network modulates traffic entry into a network in order to avoid congestive. This paper suggests a method for congestion control in the internet of things in two phases. The first phase is intra-cluster congestion control, which uses two parameters congestion score (CS) and buffer empty space (BES) to congestion avoidance. In this phase based on these two parameters, 9 states are defined to determine the congestion status of each node, and based on these 9 states the appropriate decision is made to the node. The second phase is inter-clusters congestion control. In this phase, after determined cluster head priority, the parameters of back off timer (BFT), waiting time to receive acknowledgment (WTTRACK), sequence number (SEQ) and retransmission counter (RC) are used for congestion control. The proposed congestion control method is simulated by NS-2 software. A comparison between the performance of proposed method and conventional methods shows that applying proposed method results in a significant improvement in average congestion score (CS), packet lost rate, energy consumption and end-to-end delay.
RECOVARI – Efficacy and Safety of Massage on Surgical Stress in Colorectal Cancer Patients: Study Protocol for A Randomized Controlled, Three-Arm Parallel Group, Clinical Trial
Authors: Werthmann Paul Georg , Cysarz Dirk , Naumann Johannes , Dijk Monique van , Huber Roman , Lederer Ann-Kathrin , Kienle Gunver Sophia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
• Background: Patients’ physiological stress reactions to surgery have been ameliorated by refining surgical techniques, and improving pain therapy. Moreover, another way to reduce stress could be the use of Rhythmical embrocation (RE), a type of bodily massage applied with soft strokes, which has been shown to reduce the subject’s pulse rate and blood pressure. This trial will investigate whether RE is effective to reduce stress, and what effects it exerts on sleep quality, nausea and vomiting, pain, medication consumption, mood, mobility, and length of hospital. Furthermore, the occurrence of complications associated with RE will be established. • Methods: A randomized controlled, three-arm parallel group trial will include 60 patients with colorectal cancer scheduled for surgery, randomized into three different intervention groups: (1) RE performed by professionals, (2) RE performed by students; and (3) empathic conversation. The intervention will be performed twice daily over four consecutive postoperative days. Before and after the intervention days, heart rate variability (primary outcome) will be established overnight as a measure of stress. The patients will fill out questionnaires on pain, sleep, nausea/vomiting and well-being. Possible complications from RE will be recorded daily. Vital signs, medication and surgery data will be retrieved from the patient record. Nursing students will be interviewed about job satisfaction, empathy and their identification with RE.• Discussion: Massage has been shown to have stress relieving effects. However, it’s effectiveness in clinical settings is rarely investigated. With the postoperative setting we investigate massage in a situation of high physiological stress. Reduction of stress perioperatively has shown to reduce complications and improve recovery. With heart rate variability we include a physiologic, objective parameter to supplement them against the questionnaire responses of patients. Massage might reduce stress in stressful situations in healthcare and contribute to a better outcome of these patients. Trial registration: The trial has been registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) under the ID DRKS00023407 on 2nd November 2020. The trial was approved by the ethics committee of the University Medical Center Freiburg under the number 356/20 on 20th October 2020.
Assessment of Ecological Environment Quality in Kolkata Urban Agglomeration, India
Authors: Maity Sukamal , Das Subhasis , Pattanayak Jhumarani Maity , Bera Biswajit , Shit Pravat Kumar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The global ecosystem has been significantly disrupted on various spatiotemporal scales over the last three decades due to human activities. Geospatial technology can quickly, effectively, and quantitatively to evaluate the spatiotemporal change of eco-environmental quality (EEQ). The present study is focused on novel approach of Remote Sensing based Ecological Index (RSEI), using Landsat Imagery data to assess environmental conditions and changes pattern. Four ecological indicators were prepared in the year 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020 of Kolkata urban agglomeration (KUA) to evaluate the ecological environmental condition. The principal component analysis (PCA) and spatial autocorrelation analysis can relate all indicators with each other’s and RSEI. Out study indicated, greenness and wetness have a positive effect on EEQ of the province, but both dryness and heat have a negative effect. However, it should be noted that greenness has a greater impact on the eco-environment than the other three indicators. Based on the RSEI values, we have categorized the environmental standards of the study area into four groups - very good (0.81 - 1.00), good (0.61 - 0.80), acceptable (0.41 - 0.60), poor (0.21 - 0.40), and very poor (0.00 - 0.20), where high values ​​indicate that environmental quality is stable and healthy for living organisms and low values ​​indicate relatively unstable and threatening conditions of the environment. The status of RSEI showed that 9.02%, 12.29%, 12.79% and 37.23% of an area was under poor to very poor condition in the year of 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020 respectively. Good to very good condition of RSEI values was increased from 19.12% to 34.074% during 1990 to 2010, but declined of RSEI value 9.47% during 2010 to 2020 due to urban expansion. Here, Moran's I values fund that 0.265, 0.543, 0.396 and 0.367 in the year 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020 respectively. The result of Moran’s I values indicate that clustering nature. The present study can helpful for the decision making of ecological management guided by planners and policy makers.
Protective effect of resveratrol against hexavalent chromium-induced genotoxic damage in Hsd:ICR male mice
Authors: Nicolás-Méndez Tonancy , Kacew Sam , Ortiz-Muñiz Alda Rocío , Mendoza-Núñez Víctor Manuel , García-Rodríguez María del Carmen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

It is well-established that exposure to hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] induces genotoxic damage. The aim of this study was to examine the ability of resveratrol to counteract hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]-induced genetic damage, as well as possible pathways that may be associated with this protection. Hsd:ICR male mice were divided into groups of 5 each and treated as follows: a) control 1, distilled water; b) control 2, ethanol 30%; c) resveratrol, 50 mg/kg by gavage; d) CrO3, 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally; and e) resveratrol in addition to CrO3 (resveratrol+CrO3), with resveratrol administered 4 hr prior to CrO3. The frequency of micronuclei (MN) and cytotoxicity were measured in peripheral blood at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hr, while 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG, 7,8-dihydro-8-oxodeoxyguanosine) adduct repair levels, endogenous antioxidant system biomarkers and apoptosis at 48 hr after treatments. Resveratrol administration increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT). CrO3 treatment elevated GPx and CAT activities. Resveratrol reduced the frequency of Cr(VI)-induced rise in MN and without significant effect on levels of 8-OHdG adduct when administered alone, suggesting that this polyphenol-mediated cellular repair does not involve 8-OHdG adduct formation. Concomitant administration of resveratrol and Cr(VI)-resulted in return of activities of SOD, GPx and CAT to control levels accompanied by decreased glutathione levels suggesting that the endogenous antioxidant system might play an important role in resveratrol-mediated inhibition of Cr(VI)-induced oxidant toxicity. The increase in apoptotic cell number in resveratrol+CrO3 group as well as diminished necrosis further affirms that resveratrol effectively blocked the actions of Cr(VI).
Gain Compression of n-MESFET for High Power Applications in MIMO
Authors: Soma Umamaheshwar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a new n-type recessed Metal semiconductor field effect transistor (MESFET) with GaAs/ SiC materials is designed for high power applications in Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) systems. Based on electrical characteristics of MESFET, a SPICE model of the proposed device is developed. For power switches, the power MESFETs are used. The feasibility of the technology is validated by the electrical measurements of the device. The operational technology has been shown by the characterizations done on the proposed device. To optimize the electrical performance, the contact resistance technique has to be enhanced. In this work, the output power and Gain compression of proposed n-channel MESFET at 100 MHz and 1 GHz for high input power is obtained. The output power at fundamental frequency of operation for high input power is also obtained.
Boosting higher secret key rate in quantum key distribution over mature telecom components
Authors: Wang Tao , Huang Peng , Li Lang , Zhou Yingming , Zeng Guihua 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Secret key rate is a core performance indicator in implementing quantum key distribution, which directly determines the transmission rate of enciphered data. Here we demonstrate a high-key-rate quantum key distribution system over mature telecom components. The entire framework of quantum key distribution over these components is constructed. The high-rate low-noise Gaussian modulation of coherent states is realized by a classical electro-optic IQ modulator. High-baud low-intensity quantum signals are received by a commercial integrated coherent receiver under the shot-noise limit. A series of digital signal processing algorithms are proposed to achieve accurate signal recovery and key distillation. The system has yield a secret key rate of 10.37 Mbps, 1.61 Mbps, 337.82 kbps, and 58.06 kbps under the standard telecom fiber of 20 km, 50 km, 70 km, and 100 km, respectively. Our results represent the achieved highest secret key generation rate for quantum key distribution using continuous variables at a standard telecom wavelength. Moreover, it breaks the isolation between quantum communication and classical optical communication in terms of components, and opens the way to a high-speed and cost-effective formation of metropolitan quantum secure communication networks.
All-ﬁbre heterogeneously-integrated frequency comb generation
using silicon core ﬁbre
Authors: Sohanpal Ronit , Ren Haonan , Shen Li , Deakin Callum , Heidt Alexander , Hawkins Thomas , Ballato John , Gibson Ursula , Peacock Anna , Liu Zhixin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Originally developed for metrology, optical frequency combs are becoming increasingly pervasive in a wider range of research topics including optical communications, spectroscopy, and radio or microwave signal processing. However, application demands in these ﬁelds can be more challenging as they require compact sources with a high tolerance to temperature variations that are capable of delivering ﬂat comb spectra, high power per tone, narrow linewidth and high optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR). To date, there has not been a frequency comb technology that is able to simultaneously achieve all these requirements. This work reports the generation of a ﬂat, high power frequency comb in the telecom band using a 17-mm fully-integrated silicon core ﬁbre (SCF) as a parametric mixer. Our all-ﬁbre, cavity-free source combines the materials beneﬁts of planar waveguide structures with the advantageous properties of ﬁbre platforms to achieve a 30 nm bandwidth comb source containing 143 tones with <3 kHz linewidth, 12 dB ﬂatness, and >30 dB OSNR over the entire spectral region. The unique combination of technical features oﬀered by this SCF-based source opens a path towards a new class of high-performance frequency comb generators for communications and signal processing applications.
Bone Defects in Tibia Managed by the Bifocal Versus Trifocal Bone Transport Technique
Authors: Abulaiti Alimujiang , Liu Yanshi , Cai Feiyu , Liu Kai , Abula Abulaiti , Maimaiti Xiayimaierdan , Ren Peng , Yusufu Aihemaitijiang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and determine the differences, if any, between trifocal and bifocal bone transport technique in the reconstruction of long segmental tibial bone defects caused by infection using a monolateral rail external fixator. Methods: A total of 53 consecutive patients with long segmental tibial bone defects caused by infection and treated by monolateral rail external fixator in our department were retrospectively collected and analyzed from January 2013 to April 2019, including 39 males and 14 females with an average age of 38.8±12.4 years (range 19 to 65 years). 32 patients were treated by bifocal bone transport (BFT) technique, and the other 21 patients were managed by trifocal bone transport (TFT) technique. The demographic data, operation duration, docking time, external fixation time, and external fixation index were documented and analyzed. Difficulties that occur during the treatment were classified according to Paley. The clinical outcomes were evaluated by the Association for the Study and Application of the Method of Ilizarov criteria (ASAMI) at the last clinical visit.Results: All patients achieved an infection-free union finally, and there was no significant difference between the two groups in demographic data and both ASAMI bone and functional scores (P>0.05). The mean defect size and operation duration in TFT (9.4±1.5 cm, 161.9±8.9 minutes) were larger than that in BFT (7.8±1.8 cm, 122.5±11.2 minutes) (P<0.05). The mean docking time, external fixation time, and external fixation index in TFT (65.9±10.8 days, 328.0±57.2 days, 34.8±2.1 days/cm) were all less than those in BFT (96.8±22.6 days, 474.5±103.2 days, 60.8±1.9 days/cm) (P<0.05). Difficulties and complications were more prevalent in the BFT group, while less in the TFT group (P<0.05). Conclusions: Both the trifocal and bifocal bone transport technique in the reconstruction of long segmental tibial bone defects caused by infection using a monolateral rail external fixator achieve satisfactory clinical outcomes. The trifocal bone transport technique can significantly decrease the docking time, external fixation time, external fixation index, difficulties, and complications compared with the bifocal bone transport technique.
Actively Tunable and Polarization-independent Toroidal Resonance in Hybrid Metal-Vanadium Dioxide Metamaterial
Authors: shu chang , Zhang Chen , Ye Yulong , Lin Tongqing 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Actively tunable and polarization-independent toroidal resonance in hybrid metal-vanadium dioxide metamaterial is proposed and demonstrated numerically in terahertz regime. Simulation results illustrate that a toroidal dipolar resonance is excited by hybrid metal and vanadium dioxide resonator and insensitive with polarization angle of incident plane wave, calculated scattered powers verify the toroidal resonance is strengthened. A novel modulation of resonance strength in proposed toroidal metamaterial is obtained as the phase transition process of vanadium dioxide and contrary to former hybrid metal-vanadium dioxide toroidal metamaterials. The theoretical fitting results reveal that physical mechanism of active modulation in resonance strength can be attributed to the variation of overall damping rate caused by tuning conductivity of vanadium dioxide.
Multi-locus phylogenetic analyses uncover species boundaries and reveal the occurrence of two new entomopathogenic nematode species, Heterorhabditis ruandica n. sp. and Heterorhabditis zacatecana n. sp.
Authors: Machado Ricardo A.R. , Bhat Aashaq Hussain , Abolafia Joaquín , Muller Arthur , Bruno Pamela , Fallet Patrick , Arce Carla C.M. , Turlings Ted C.J. , Bernal Julio S. , Kajuga Joelle , Waweru Bancy , Toepfer Stefan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Species of the nematode genus Heterorhabditis are important biological control agents against agricultural pests. The taxonomy of this group is still unclear as it currently relies on phylogenetic reconstructions based on a few genetic markers with little resolutive power, specially of closely related species. To fill this knowledge gap, we sequenced several phylogenetically relevant genetic loci and used them to reconstruct phylogenetic trees, to calculate sequence similarity scores, and to determine signatures of species- and population-specific genetic polymorphism. In addition, we revisited the current literature related to the description, synonymisation, and declaration as species inquirendae of Heterorhabditis species to compile taxonomically relevant morphological and morphometric characters, characterized new nematode isolates at the morphological and morphometrical level, and conducted self-crossing and cross-hybridization experiments. The results of this study show that the sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene provide better phylogenetic resolutive power than the sequences of nuclear rRNA genes and that this gene marker can phylogenetically resolve closely related species and even populations of the same species with high precision. Using this gene marker, we found two new species, Heterorhabditis ruandica n. sp. and Heterorhabditis zacatecana n. sp. A detailed characterization of these species at the morphological and morphometric levels and nematode reproduction assays revealed that the threshold for species delimitation in this genus, using COI sequences, is 97% to 98%. Our study illustrates the importance of rigorous morphological and morphometric characterization and multi-locus sequencing for the description of new species within the genus Heterorhabditis, serves to clarify the phylogenetic relationships of this important group of biological control agents, and can inform future species descriptions to advance our efforts towards developing more tools for sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture.