bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The involvement of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α)-stabilising factors in steroidogenic acute regulatory (STAR) protein-dependent steroidogenesis in murine KK1 granulosa cells
Authors: Gysin Tina , Kowalewski Mariusz P. 
Published: December 2021

As a component of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1)-complexes, HIF1α regulates the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory (STAR) protein in granulosa cells. However, severe hypoxia or exaggeratedly expressed HIF1α have detrimental effects. HIF1α is regulated by factor inhibiting HIF (FIH), prolyl hydroxylases (PHD1, 2, 3) and von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) suppressor protein. In this study, the expression of FIH, PHD1, 2, 3 and VHL was investigated in murine ovaries and immortalised KK1 granulosa cells. We found FIH, VHL and PHD2 transcripts predominantly in growing tertiary follicles. Functional aspects were assessed in KK1 cells exposed to decreasing O2 (20%, 10%, 1%), by determining HIF1α, FIH, VHL, PHD1–3 and STAR expression. The main findings indicated gradually increasing PHD2 under lowered O2. Functional blocking of PHDs revealed biphasic effects on STAR expression; concomitantly with increasing HIF1α, STAR expression, which was initially induced, decreased significantly when HIF1α was strongly stabilised. Finally, PHD2 in particular might act as a specific regulator of HIF1α and, thereby, of STAR availability in granulosa cells.
A polygenic score for educational attainment partially predicts voter turnout
Authors: Dawes Christopher T. , Okbay Aysu , Oskarsson Sven , Rustichini Aldo 
Published: December 2021

Significance
The strong correlation between education and voting is among the most robust findings in social science. We show that genes associated with the propensity to acquire education are also associated with higher voter turnout. A within-family analysis suggests education-linked genes exert direct effects on voter turnout but also reveals evidence of genetic nurture in second-order elections. Our findings have important implications for the study of political inequality. Scholars have argued that parental education is the main driver of the reproduction of political inequality across generations. By separating the effect of genes from parental nurturing, our findings suggest that the roots of individual-level political inequality run deeper than family background.
Decoding the link of microbiome niches with homologous sequences enables accurately targeted protein structure prediction
Authors: Yang Pengshuo , Zheng Wei , Ning Kang , Zhang Yang 
Published: December 2021

Significance
Metagenome sequencing provides a useful repository to extract evolutionary information and assist protein structure predictions. The sequence-search process, however, becomes increasingly prohibitive due to the huge library size. We hypothesize that there exist inherent evolutionary linkages between microbial niches and protein families that can be used to construct precise multiple sequence alignments (MSAs). To examine the hypothesis, we built a model library of four major biomes containing 4.25 billion sequences. Large-scale protein folding experiments revealed that MSAs collected from individually linked microbiomes can generate more accurate contact and structure models than those from all microbiome sequences but use significantly fewer computing resources. These results demonstrate the potential to solve the metagenome-search problem using a microbiome targeted approach.
Sediment load determines the shape of rivers
Authors: Popović Predrag , Devauchelle Olivier , Abramian Anaïs , Lajeunesse Eric 
Published: December 2021

SignificanceRivers carry and deposit sediment, thereby shaping most landscapes around us. In doing so, their malleable channels change shape to accommodate the sediment load. Here, we show how fluid stress, gravity, and the erratic trajectories of traveling grains combine together to determine the shape of a river. We find that the stress on the bed of a river cannot be significantly above the critical value for sediment motion, which bounds the intensity of sediment transport and, thus, forces the river to widen as its sediment load increases. Although our results relate directly only to experimental, laminar rivers, they likely also apply qualitatively to natural ones, potentially allowing us to use the shape of a river as a proxy for its sediment discharge.
Age of exposure and subject/object asymmetries when wh-movement goes rightward
Authors: Cecchetto Carlo , Checchetto Alessandra , Giustolisi Beatrice , Santoro Mirko 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We report an experiment addressing the comprehension of LIS interrogatives in three adult populations with different times of exposure to sign language: native signers, early signers, and late signers. We investigate whether delayed exposure to language affects comprehension of interrogatives and whether there is an advantage for subject dependencies over object dependencies, as systematically reported for spoken languages. The answer to the first question is positive: there is evidence that natives outperform non-native signers, confirming permanent effects of delayed exposure to sign language even decades after childhood. However, the performance in subject interrogatives was lower than in object interrogatives in all groups of participants. We discuss several possible reasons for this unexpected finding.
A study of the ability to judge surface emotion and real emotion in children between four to six years of age (Estudio sobre la capacidad de identificar y diferenciar entre emociones visibles y emociones reales de los niños de cuatro a seis años)
Authors: Zhao Jiaxu , Xiang Yanhui , Dai Mingyu 
Published: December 2021

This study investigated differences between the ability to judge surface emotions and real emotions in pretend/deceptive situations. Using the scenario approach, our results showed that the ability to judge surface/real emotions is affected by pretend and deceptive situations in children aged 4–6 years. We found that in pretend situations, the accuracy of judging surface emotion was higher than that for real emotions in children aged four and five years. In four-year-old children, the accuracy of judging surface emotion in pretend situations was higher than that in deceptive situations; however, in children aged four and five years, the accuracy of judging real emotions in deceptive situations was higher than that in pretend situations. Additionally, the ability to judge surface emotions and real emotions in either situation was found to increase with age. These results show how pretend/deceptive situations affect the ability to judge surface emotions and real emotions of children. This is important to expand the relevant theories of the theory of mind.
Use of effective dose to assess x-ray protective clothing
Authors: Eder Heinrich , Schlattl Helmut 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This review article provides an overview on the results of studies conducted by the authors to improve the current personal protection concept in the clinical application of x-rays. With the aid of personal dose equivalent measurements during radiologically guided clinical interventions, laboratory tests using the Alderson-Rando phantom as well as Monte Carlo simulations various x-ray application scenarios were investigated. The organ doses and the effective doses of staff persons standing near the patient were determined. The 3D-attenuation properties of protective clothing under the scattered radiation emitted by the patient play a special role here. With regard to the minimisation of the quantity ‘effective dose’ the protection of the lower body from the gonads to the chest is of particular importance, since 80% of the effective dose is contributed by this region of the body. In contrast, protection of the back plays a subordinate role. Protective aprons optimised in terms of effective dose can be significantly lighter than conventional aprons, providing equal protection. The assessment of the attenuation properties of protective clothing should be based on the risk-related dose quantity, effective dose, rather than lead equivalent. In the future, the evaluation of radiation protective clothing could be based on the calculation of the effective dose assuming standardised irradiation conditions.
Curing monitoring of bonded composite patch at constant temperature with electromechanical impedance and system parameters evaluation approach
Authors: Zhu Jianjian , Wen Jinshan , Chen Chunyang , Liu Xiao , Lan Zifeng , Wang Yishou , Qing Xinlin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
As one of cost-effective maintenance methods, bonded composite patch repair has been receiving more and more attention in the engineering community since past decades. However, realizing real-time monitoring for curing process of bonded repair patch is difficult for most current techniques. In our work, a method based on electromechanical impedance and system parameters evaluation for structural health monitoring issues was developed, which could implement the online monitoring throughout whole curing process. Compared with the dynamic thermomechanical analysis results, the experiment data matches well. It demonstrates that the proposed approach can effectively monitor the curing process of composite repair patch at a constant temperature of 120 °C. Hence, the presented approach in this paper is expected to be a novel, robust, and real-time monitoring method for structural maintenance with the composite patch.
BICEP/Keck and cosmological attractors
Authors: Kallosh Renata , Linde Andrei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We discuss implications of the latest BICEP/Keck data
release for inflationary models, with special emphasis on the
cosmological attractors which can describe all presently available
inflation-related observational data. These models are compatible
with any value of the tensor to scalar ratio r, all the way down
to r = 0. Some of the string theory motivated models of this class
predict 10-3 ≤ r ≤ 10-2. The upper part of this
range can be explored by the ongoing BICEP/Keck observations.
Lattice simulations of inflation
Authors: Caravano Angelo , Komatsu Eiichiro , Lozanov Kaloian D. , Weller Jochen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The scalar field theory of cosmological inflation constitutes nowadays one of the preferred scenarios for the physics of the early universe. In this paper we aim at studying the inflationary universe making use of a numerical lattice simulation. Various lattice codes have been written in the last decades and have been extensively used for understating the reheating phase of the universe, but they have never been used to study the inflationary phase itself far from the end of inflation (i.e. about 50 e-folds before the end of inflation). In this paper we use a lattice simulation to reproduce the well-known results of some simple models of single-field inflation, particularly for the scalar field perturbation. The main model that we consider is the standard slow-roll inflation with an harmonic potential for the inflaton field. We explore the technical aspects that need to be accounted for in order to reproduce with precision the nearly scale invariant power spectrum of inflaton perturbations. We also consider the case of a step potential, and show that the simulation is able to correctly reproduce the oscillatory features in the power spectrum of this model. Even if a lattice simulation is not needed in these cases, that are well within the regime of validity of linear perturbation theory, this sets the basis to future work on using lattice simulations to study more complicated models of inflation.
The PAU survey: measurement of narrow-band galaxy properties with approximate bayesian computation
Authors: Tortorelli Luca , Siudek Malgorzata , Moser Beatrice , Kacprzak Tomasz , Berner Pascale , Refregier Alexandre , Amara Adam , García-Bellido Juan , Cabayol Laura , Carretero Jorge , J. Castander Francisco , De Vicente Juan , Eriksen Martin , Fernandez Enrique , Gaztanaga Enrique , Hildebrandt Hendrik , Joachimi Benjamin , Miquel Ramon , Sevilla-Noarbe Ignacio , Padilla Cristóbal , Renard Pablo , Sanchez Eusebio , Serrano Santiago , Tallada-Crespí Pau , Wright Angus H. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Narrow-band imaging surveys allow the study of the spectral characteristics of galaxies without the need of performing their spectroscopic follow-up. In this work, we forward-model the Physics of the Accelerating Universe Survey (PAUS) narrow-band data. The aim is to improve the constraints on the spectral coefficients used to create the galaxy spectral energy distributions (SED) of the galaxy population model in Tortorelli et al. 2020. In that work, the model parameters were inferred from the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey (CFHTLS) data using Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC). This led to stringent constraints on the B-band galaxy luminosity function parameters, but left the spectral coefficients only broadly constrained. To address that, we perform an ABC inference using CFHTLS and PAUS data. This is the first time our approach combining forward-modelling and ABC is applied simultaneously to multiple datasets. We test the results of the ABC inference by comparing the narrow-band magnitudes of the observed and simulated galaxies using Principal Component Analysis, finding a very good agreement. Furthermore, we prove the scientific potential of the constrained galaxy population model to provide realistic stellar population properties by measuring them with the SED fitting code CIGALE. We use CFHTLS broad-band and PAUS narrow-band photometry for a flux-limited (i < 22.5) sample of galaxies up to redshift z ∼ 0.8. We find that properties like stellar masses, star-formation rates, mass-weighted stellar ages and metallicities are in agreement within errors between observations and simulations. Overall, this work shows the ability of our galaxy population model to correctly forward-model a complex dataset such as PAUS and the ability to reproduce the diversity of galaxy properties at the redshift range spanned by CFHTLS and PAUS.
Revisiting CMB constraints on dark matter annihilation
Authors: Kawasaki Masahiro , Nakatsuka Hiromasa , Nakayama Kazunori , Sekiguchi Toyokazu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The precision measurements of the cosmic microwave background power spectrum put a strong constraint on the dark matter annihilation cross section since the electromagnetic energy injection by the dark matter annihilation affects the ionization history of the universe.
In this paper, we update our previous simulation code for calculating the ionization history with the effect of dark matter annihilation by including Helium interactions and improving the precision of calculations.
We give an updated constraint on the annihilation cross section and mass of dark matter using the modified RECFAST code with the Planck 2018 datasets.
Duration-controllable mid-infrared pulse from bias-pumped Er:ZBLAN fiber laser
Authors: Wang Fuyong , Qin Zhipeng , Luo Jing , Zhou Xiudong , Li Bo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate the generation of duration-controllable pulses at 2.8 µm based on bias-pump technique for the first time. Bias-pumped by a 976 nm continuous-wave (CW)-pulsed combined laser, duration-controllable pulses are produced from an Er:ZBLAN fiber laser and the duration is entirely determined by the duration of pump pulse. Numerical simulations agree with experimental results well, and further predict that the temporal profile of output pulse from bias-pumped Er:ZBLAN fiber laser can also be identical with that of pump pulse under certain conditions. The pump-controlled mid-infrared pulse may have more applications in various areas due to its manageable temporal characteristics.
Nonlinear Thomson scattering from a tightly focused circularly polarized laser with varied initial phases
Authors: Shi Yunxiao , Xu Zhe , Wang Jingyu , Huang Zehao , Liu Hui , Tian Youwei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Within the frame of classical electrodynamics, nonlinear Thomson scattering by an electron of a tightly focused circularly polarized laser has been investigated. The electron motion and spatial radiation characteristics are studied numerically when the electron is initially stationary. The numerical analysis shows that the direction of the maximum radiation power is in linear with the initial phase of the laser pulse. Furthermore, we generalize the rule to the case of arbitrary beam waist, peak amplitude and pulse width. Then the radiation distribution is studied when the electron propagates in the opposite sense with respect to the laser pulse and the linear relationship still holds true. Last we pointed out the limitation of the single electron model in this paper.
Chapter 5 Dark Matter and New Physics Beyond the Standard Model with LHAASO
Authors: Bi Xiao-Jun , Addazi Andrea , Belotsky Konstantin , Beylin Vitaly , Cirelli Marco , Esmaili Arman , Fornengo Nicolao , Gan Qing-Yu , Kachekriess Michael , Khlopov Maxim , Korchagin Vladimir , Korochkin Alexander , Kuksa Vladimir , Marciano Antonino , Neronov Andrei , Panci Paolo , Pasechnick Roman , Sakharov Alexander , Sala Filippo , Sciascio Giuseppe Di , Semikoz Dimiri , Dario Serpico Pasquale , Volchanskiy Nikolay , Yin Peng-Fei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In order to reveal the nature of dark matter, it is crucial to detect its non-gravitational interactions with the standard model particles. The traditional dark matter searches focused on the so-called weakly interacting massive particles. However, this paradigm is strongly constrained by the null results of current experiments with high precision. Therefore there is a renewed interest of searches for heavy dark matter particles above TeV scale. The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) with large effective area and strong background rejection power is very suitable to investigate the gamma-ray signals induced by dark matter annihilation or decay above TeV scale. In this document, we review the theoretical motivations and background of heavy dark matter. We review the prospects of searching for the gamma-ray signals resulted from dark matter in the dwarf spheroidal satellites and Galactic halo for LHAASO, and present the projected sensitivities. We also review the prospects of searching for the axion-like particles, which are a kind of well motivated light pseudo-scalars, through the LHAASO measurement of the very high energy gamma-ray spectra of astrophysical sources.
Study of the initial stage of GaAs growth on FIB-modified silicon substrates
Authors: Eremenko M M , Shandyba N A , Chernenko N E , Solodovnik M S , Balakirev S V , Ageev O A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this work, we studied the effect of the deposition thickness, growth rate, arsenic flux, and implantation dose on the morphology of the GaAs nanostructures grown on modified Si areas. It is shown that an increase in the growth rate at the initial stages of the growth process leads to the transition of the growth regime from layered-like to one-dimensional with the formation of nanowires. Studies of the effect of As4 pressure have shown that a change in the equivalent As4 flux in the range of 3.7 - 5.0 ML/s does not lead to any significant change in the structure of the GaAs layer in the modified areas. An increase in the implantation dose during processing with a focused ion beam led to disordering of the directions of the grown nanowires due to the degradation of the substrate crystal structure.
Self-consistent modeling of MBE self-catalyzed GaAs nanowire growth
Authors: Fedina S V , Koryakin A A , Fedorov V V , Sapunov G A , Mukhin I S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Self-catalyzed GaAs nanowires are synthesized by molecular beam epitaxy at various arsenic fluxes and growth temperatures. The growth of GaAs nanowires is simulated considering the kinetics of material transport inside the catalyst droplet. The re-evaporation coefficient of arsenic is estimated for the given growth conditions. Calculated nanowire growth rate is in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data.
Studying of a sensitive material based on Ecoflex and CNTs for flexible strain sensors
Authors: Demidenko N A , Kuksin A V , Davydova E S , Zaborova V A , Ichkitidze L P , Bordovsky S P , Gerasimenko A Yu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Nowadays there is a great need for the development of flexible strain sensors that can register human body’s movements. In the field of wearable and smart electronics such sensors are actively being developed. Resistive-type flexible sensors are the easiest to manufacture. Their mechanism of sensitivity to deformations is based on a change in electrical resistance during deformations. In this work, we have developed the functional material for strain sensor with high tensile properties, strength and electrical conductivity. This material based on a matrix of silicone elastomer and a multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MCNTs) filler. The material showed a high elongation of 950 % with a tensile strength of 1.437 MPa. The manufacturing process included laser structuring of MCNTs to form an electrically conductive network. The linear gauge factor was 3.4, and the angular gauge factor was 0.26.
Effect of the ultra-low arsenic flux on characteristics of In(As) nanostructures formed during droplet epitaxy
Authors: Kirichenko D V , Balakirev S V , Chernenko N E , Eremenko M M , Solodovnik M S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we present the results of an experimental study of the influence of the ultra-low arsenic flux on the parameters of In nanodroplets obtained by droplet epitaxy on the GaAs substrate. We demonstrate that the arsenic flux can be used to alter the size of droplets without changing their surface density. An increase in the arsenic flux leads to a reduction of the nanostructure size or their complete decay. However, we demonstrate that certain growth conditions allow providing saturation of the size of nanostructures (∼30 nm) which ensures good reproducibility of the process. The mechanism of ring and hole formation at various arsenic fluxes is also discussed.
Nanoobject mass measurement using the node displacement of the second mode of the nanomechanical resonator
Authors: Solomonov N A , Novikova K N , Nadoyan I V , Mozharov A M , Shkoldin V A , Berdnikov Y S , Mukhin I S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This work suggests a new approach to weighting the nanoscale objects placed at the tip of cantilever vibrating inside the camera of scanning electron microscope. In contrast to traditional approach to mass determination, we suggest tracing the shift of the node of the second vibration mode as an alternative to frequency shift measurement. We demonstrate the applicability of our approach to carbon nanowhisker cantilevers grown on tungsten needles by focused electron beam induced deposition. We compare experimentally the performance of the suggested approach with the traditional frequency shift-based method.
Investigation of the effect of annealing on Si(100) substrate modified by Ga+ focused ion beam
Authors: Eremenko M M , Shandyba N A , Chernenko N E , Balakirev S V , Nikitina L S , Solodovnik M S , Ageev O A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this work, we studied the effect of annealing the silicon surface on the morphology of focused ion beam modified areas. It was found that an increase in the ion beam accelerating voltage during surface treatment significantly affects the morphology and the appearance of the implanted material on the surface or its absence/evaporation during annealing. It is shown that an increase in number of ion beam passes leads to the formation of holes on the surface of the modified areas, which is a sign that significant damage to the substrate material has occurred.