bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traditional and novel cardiometabolic risk markers across strata of body mass index in young adults
Authors: Kempel Mia Klinkvort , Winding Trine Nøhr , Lynggaard Vibeke , Brantlov Steven , Andersen Johan Hviid , Böttcher Morten 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundCardiometabolic risk increases with increasing body mass index (BMI). The exact mechanism is poorly understood, and traditional risk assessment of young adults with obesity has shown to be ineffective. Greater knowledge about potential new effective biomarkers and the use of advanced cardiac imaging for risk assessment in young adults is, therefore, necessary.ObjectiveThis study aims to explore traditional and novel cardiometabolic risk markers across strata of BMI in young adults.MethodsParticipants (N = 264, 50% women, age 28–30 years) were invited from an ongoing cohort study, based on BMI and sex. BMI‐strata were: BMI <25, 25–30, >30 kg/m2, representing normal weight (NW), overweight (OW), and obesity (OB). Participants underwent cardiac computed tomography to detect coronary artery calcification, measures of body composition, blood pressure measurements, and a comprehensive panel of circulating cardiometabolic risk markers.ResultsNo significant coronary artery calcifications were detected in this study. Minor differences in median levels of traditional risk markers were detected across BMI‐strata, for example, total cholesterol (men‐ NW: 4.7 (4.3–5.1) and OB: 4.8 (4.2–5.6) mmol/L, p = 0.58; women‐ NW: 4.3 (3.9–4.8) and OB: 4.7 (4.2–5.3) mmol/L, p = 0.016), whereas substantial differences were seen in markers of inflammation and glucose metabolism, for example, high sensitive CRP (men‐ NW: 0.6 (0.3–1.1) and OB: 2.8 (1.5–4.0) mg/L, p < 0.001; women‐ NW: 0.7 (0.3–1.7) and OB: 4.0 (2.2–7.8) mg/L, p < 0.001) and insulin (men‐ NW: 47.0 (35.0–59.0) and OB: 113.5 (72.0–151.0) pmol/L, p < 0.001; women‐ NW: 44.0 (35.0–60.0) and OB: 84.5 (60.0–126.0) pmol/L, p < 0.001).ConclusionIn young adults, obesity is associated with an early onset insulin resistance and inflammatory response prior to development of coronary artery calcification and deterioration of lipid profiles.
Electrostatic modulation of hnRNPA1 low‐complexity domain liquid–liquid phase separation and aggregation
Authors: Tsoi Phoebe S. , Quan My Diem , Choi Kyoung‐Jae , Dao Khoa M. , Ferreon Josephine C. , Ferreon Allan Chris M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMembrane‐less organelles and RNP granules are enriched in RNA and RNA‐binding proteins containing disordered regions. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1), a key regulating protein in RNA metabolism, localizes to cytoplasmic RNP granules including stress granules. Dysfunctional nuclear‐cytoplasmic transport and dynamic phase separation of hnRNPA1 leads to abnormal amyloid aggregation and neurodegeneration. The intrinsically disordered C‐terminal domain (CTD) of hnRNPA1 mediates both dynamic liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) and aggregation. While cellular phase separation drives the formation of membrane‐less organelles, aggregation within phase‐separated compartments has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases. To understand some of the underlying mechanisms behind protein phase separation and LLPS‐mediated aggregation, we studied LLPS of hnRNPA1 CTD in conditions that probe protein electrostatics, modulated specifically by varying pH conditions, and protein, salt and RNA concentrations. In the conditions investigated, we observed LLPS to be favored in acidic conditions, and by high protein, salt and RNA concentrations. We also observed that conditions that favor LLPS also enhance protein aggregation and fibrillation, which suggests an aggregation pathway that is LLPS‐mediated. The results reported here also suggest that LLPS can play a direct role in facilitating protein aggregation, and that changes in cellular environment that affect protein electrostatics can contribute to the pathological aggregation exhibited in neurodegeneration.
Tradeoff Relations in Quantum Resource Theory
Authors: Ming Fei , Wang Dong , Li Li‐Juan , Fan Xiao‐Gang , Song Xue‐Ke , Ye Liu , Chen Jing‐Ling 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEntanglement and coherence are deemed as two unreplaceable and important quantum resources in the regime of quantum physics, which are widely applied to quantum information processing and quantum computation. It is therefore natural to ask if there exists any intrinsic relationship between entanglement and coherence. In this work, the authors originally put forward tradeoff relations between intrinsic concurrence and first‐order coherence in the context of an arbitrary three‐qubit state. To do so, an equality relation related to the quantum entanglement and first‐order coherence for arbitrary three‐qubit pure states is derived first, and then extended to present another tradeoff relation regarding arbitrary three‐qubit states. Notably, physical explanation is offered for how coherence migrates in three‐qubit systems from first‐order coherence of a given subsystem to quantum correlations between subsystems. The result shows that the derived tradeoff relations can reveal the complementarity between intrinsic concurrence and first‐order coherence, which provides reliable theoretical basis of transformation and flow for quantum resources.
Quantization‐based switched second‐order sliding mode control for uncertain systems
Authors: Zhang Zhihong , Ma Kemao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA novel quantization‐based switched second‐order sliding mode control design is considered for nonlinear uncertain systems. A new quantization strategy associated with state‐space partition is utilized to accommodate the control amplitude to different uncertainty levels then the conservatism of the control gain is thus attenuated. Investigating each quantized region, it is obtained that all regions are globally invariant sets which offers a monotonously consecutive decrease of the quantized control amplitude when sliding variable converging to the origin through considered uncertainty levels. To deal with different control objectives, the closed‐loop system performance can be enhanced via adapting the quantization parameters. The finite‐time stability analysis and the effect assessment of quantization parameter on the total convergence time are provided. Simulation shows the efficacy and superiority compared with referenced methods.
Environmental impact of peanut skin‐reinforced native starch foams modified by acetylation
Authors: García‐Rengifo Aldo R. , Rojas‐Bringas Pedro M. , De‐la‐Torre Gabriel E. , Torres Fernando G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStarch foams are natural and biodegradable alternatives proposed as sustainable replacements to expanded polystyrene. Despite being recognized as eco‐friendly materials, environmental impacts associated with their production process remain poorly studied. Here, the cradle‐to‐gate life‐cycle assessment of four types of starch‐based foams (potato, cassava, corn, and sweet potato) reinforced with peanut skin was assessed and analyzed. Chemically modifying starch by acetylation may accelerate the degradation ratio and decrease its hydrophilicity, which is a common issue in packaging applications. Hence, two starch scenarios were evaluated, considering as‐prepared and acetylated starches. The environmental burden of starch foam production varied depending on the starch source due to the different agricultural and irrigation practices. By incorporating 10 wt% of acetylated starch, the environmental impact drastically increased in most categories. Additionally, the sensitivity analysis carried out with different peanut skin contents showed a limited effect under 0–30 wt% of peanut skin, suggesting that peanut production exhibits a similar environmental burden to most starches.
Treatment of high‐strength synthetic textile wastewater through anaerobic osmotic membrane bioreactor and effect of sludge characteristics on flux
Authors: Malik Surraya Mehbub , Nawaz Muhammad Saqib , Ali Muhammad , Manzoor Kamran , Khan Sher Jamal , Ghaffour Noreddine 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe anaerobic osmotic membrane bioreactor (AnOMBR) system was evaluated for the treatment of high‐strength synthetic textile wastewater. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration was above 3,000 mg/L and color above 1,300 Pt‐Co in the synthetic textile wastewater. The study was divided into six cycles of roughly nine days each. Mono ammonium phosphate with 1 M concentration was used as draw solution. Average COD and color removal efficiencies from anaerobic bioreactor were 57% ± 5% and 43.7% ± 6%, respectively; however, in OMBR permeate, these parameters were improved to 91% ± 4% and 91% ± 2%, respectively. After each cycle, membrane cleaning was performed using osmotic backwashing for 3 hours, which produced flux recovery values between 88% and 61% from cycle 2 to cycle 6, respectively. High mixing speed of the stirrer bar (600 rpm) in the bioreactor produced a greater shear force, causing a reduction in average sludge particle size from 10 to 3.5 μm. It increased the release of soluble microbial products and extra polymeric substances to cause an initial flux decline from 3.3 to 2.2 LMH from cycle 1 to cycle 6. The study proved AnOMBR as a promising technology for high‐strength synthetic textile wastewater treatment.
Generalized vanishing theorems for Yukawa couplings in heterotic compactifications
Authors: Anderson Lara B. , Gray James , Larfors Magdalena , Magill Matthew , Schneider Robin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Heterotic compactifications on Calabi-Yau threefolds frequently exhibit textures of vanishing Yukawa couplings in their low energy description. The vanishing of these couplings is often not enforced by any obvious symmetry and appears to be topological in nature. Recent results used differential geometric methods to explain the origin of some of this structure [1, 2]. A vanishing theorem was given which showed that the effect could be attributed, in part, to the embedding of the Calabi-Yau manifolds of interest inside higher dimensional ambient spaces, if the gauge bundles involved descended from vector bundles on those larger manifolds. In this paper, we utilize an algebro-geometric approach to provide an alternative derivation of some of these results, and are thus able to generalize them to a much wider arena than has been considered before. For example, we consider cases where the vector bundles of interest do not descend from bundles on the ambient space. In such a manner we are able to highlight the ubiquity with which textures of vanishing Yukawa couplings can be expected to arise in heterotic compactifications, with multiple different constraints arising from a plethora of different geometric features associated to the gauge bundle.
Recursion relation for instanton counting for SU(2) $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 SYM in NS limit of Ω background
Authors: Poghosyan Hasmik 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper we investigate different ways of deriving the A-cycle period as a series in instanton counting parameter q for $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SYM with up to four antifundamental hypermultiplets in NS limit of Ω background. We propose a new recursive method for calculating the period and demonstrate its efficiency by explicit calculations. The new way of doing instanton counting is more advantageous compared to known standard techniques and allows to reach substantially higher order terms with less effort. This approach is applied for the pure case as well as for the case with several hypermultiplets.In addition we suggest a numerical method for deriving the A-cycle period for arbitrary values of q. In the case when one has no hypermultiplets for the A-cycle an analytic expression for large q asymptotics is obtained using a conjecture by Alexei Zamolodchikov. We demonstrate that this expression is in convincing agreement with the numerical approach.
The incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in gout: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cox Peter , Gupta Sonal , Zhao Sizheng Steven , Hughes David M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aims of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to describe prevalence of cardiovascular disease in gout, compare these results with non-gout controls and consider whether there were differences according to geography. PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were systematically searched for studies reporting prevalence of any cardiovascular disease in a gout population. Studies with non-representative sampling, where a cohort had been used in another study, small sample size (< 100) and where gout could not be distinguished from other rheumatic conditions were excluded, as were reviews, editorials and comments. Where possible meta-analysis was performed using random-effect models. Twenty-six studies comprising 949,773 gout patients were included in the review. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated for five cardiovascular diseases: myocardial infarction (2.8%; 95% confidence interval (CI)s 1.6, 5.0), heart failure (8.7%; 95% CI 2.9, 23.8), venous thromboembolism (2.1%; 95% CI 1.2, 3.4), cerebrovascular accident (4.3%; 95% CI 1.8, 9.7) and hypertension (63.9%; 95% CI 24.5, 90.6). Sixteen studies reported comparisons with non-gout controls, illustrating an increased risk in the gout group across all cardiovascular diseases. There were no identifiable reliable patterns when analysing the results by country. Cardiovascular diseases are more prevalent in patients with gout and should prompt vigilance from clinicians to the need to assess and stratify cardiovascular risk. Future research is needed to investigate the link between gout, hyperuricaemia and increased cardiovascular risk and also to establish a more thorough picture of prevalence for less common cardiovascular diseases.
Minimum Size Highly Redundantly Rigid Graphs in the Plane
Authors: Jordán Tibor 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA graphGis said to bek-vertex rigid in$$\mathbb {R}^d$$Rdif$$G-X$$G-Xis rigid in$$\mathbb {R}^d$$Rdfor all subsetsXof the vertex set ofGwith cardinality less thank. We determine the smallest number of edges in ak-vertex rigid graph onnvertices in$$\mathbb {R}^2$$R2, for all$$k\ge 4$$k≥4. We also considerk-edge-rigid graphs, defined by removing edges, as well ask-vertex globally rigid andk-edge globally rigid graphs in$$\mathbb {R}^d$$Rd. For$$d=2$$d=2we determine the corresponding tight bounds for each of these versions, for all$$k\ge 3$$k≥3. Our results complete the solutions of these extremal problems in the plane. The result onk-vertex rigidity verifies a conjecture of Kaszanitzky and Király (Graphs Combin, 32:225–240, 2016). We also determine the degree of vertex redundancy of powers of cycles, with respect to rigidity in the plane, answering a question of Yu and Anderson (Int J Robust Nonlinear Control, 19(13):1427–1446, 2009).
Links between atmospheric blocking and North American winter cold spells in two generations of Canadian Earth System Model large ensembles
Authors: Jeong Dae Il , Yu Bin , Cannon Alex J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDue to the significant negative consequences of winter cold extremes, there is need to better understand and simulate the mechanisms driving their occurrence. The impact of atmospheric blocking on winter cold spells over North America is investigated using ERA-Interim and NCEP-DOE-R2 reanalyses for 1981–2010. Initial-condition large-ensembles of two generations of Canadian Earth System Models (CanESM5 and its predecessor, CanESM2) are evaluated in terms of their ability to represent the blocking-cold spell linkage and the associated internal-variability. The reanalysis datasets show that 72 and 58% of cold spells in southern and northern North America coincide with blocking occurring in the high-latitude Pacific-North America. Compared to the two reanalyses, CanESM2 and CanESM5 ensembles underestimate by 19.9 and 14.3% cold spell events coincident with blocking, due to significant under-representation of blocking frequency over the North Pacific (− 47.1 and − 29.0%), whereas biases in cold spell frequency are relatively small (6.6 and − 4.7%). In the reanalyses, regions with statistically significant above-normal cold spell frequency relative to climatology lie on the east and/or south flanks of blocking events, whereas those with below-normal frequency lie along the core or surrounding the blocking. The two ensembles reproduce the observed blocking-cold spell linkage over North America, despite underestimating the magnitude of blocking frequency. The two ensembles also reproduce the physical drivers that underpin the blocking-cold spell linkage. Spatial agreement with the reanalyses is found in the simulated patterns of temperature advection and surface heat flux forcing anomalies during blocking events. While CanESM5 shows an improved representation of the blocking climatology relative to CanESM2, both yield similar results in terms of the blocking-cold spell linkage and associated internal-variability.
STRYDE versus PRECICE magnetic internal lengthening nail for femur lengthening
Authors: Galal Sherif , Shin Jonggu , Principe Peter , Khabyeh-Hasbani Nathan , Mehta Rena , Hamilton Amber , Rozbruch S. Robert , Fragomen Austin T. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Magnetic internal lengthening nails (MILNs) have been used for femoral lengthening to avoid complications associated with external fixation. The titanium version of the MILN (PRECICE®) has been in use since 2011 but had limitations (50–75 lb) in post-operative weight bearing. A new stainless-steel version of the MILN (STRYDE®) allows 150–250 lb of post-operative weight bearing.
The aim is to compare the outcomes of using these two different MILNs for both unilateral and bilateral femoral lengthening.

Methods
A single-center, retrospective cohort study was conducted in which patients’ records were reviewed from the period from January 2017 to March 2020. A total of 66 femoral lengthening procedures were included in the study and were divided into two groups: STRYDE® group (30 femora) and PRECICE® group (36 femora). Outcomes assessed were the 6-months post-operative Limb Deformity-Scoliosis Research Society (LD-SRS) Score, adjacent joint range of motion (ROM), average distraction rate, bone healing index (BHI), and complications.

Results
No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in regard to the (LD-SRS) score, hip ROM, or knee ROM. Statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in regard to BHI (average of 0.84 months/cm and 0.67 months/cm for STRYDE® and PRECICE®, respectively) and distraction rate (average of 0.6 mm/day and 0.9 mm/day for STRYDE® and PRECICE®, respectively).
No mechanical nail complications were reported in the STRYDE® group compared to three events of nail failure in the PRECICE® group. One femur in the PRECICE® group needed BMAC injection for delayed healing compared to four femurs in the STRYDE® group.

Conclusion
The STRYDE® MILN yields comparable functional results to those of PRECICE® MILN and shows fewer mechanical nail complications. However, STRYDE® MILN requires a slower distraction rate and yields slower healing (larger BHI).

Level of evidence
Level III, Therapeutic study.
Insights to enhance the examination of tool marks in human cartilage
Authors: Weber Matthias , Niehoff Anja , Rothschild Markus A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis work deals with the examination of tool marks in human cartilage. We compared the effectiveness of several cleaning methods on cut marks in porcine cartilage. The method cleaning by multiple casts achieved the significantly highest scores (P = 0.02). Furthermore, we examined the grain-like elevations (dots) located on casts of cut cartilage. The results of this study suggest that the casting material forms these dots when penetrating cartilage cavities, which are areas where the strong collagen fibres leave space for the chondrocytes. We performed fixation experiments to avoid this, without success. In addition, 31 casting materials were compared regarding contrast under light-microscope and 3D tool marks scanner. Under the light-microscope, brown materials achieved significantly higher values than grey (P = 0.02) or black (P = 0.00) whereas under the 3D scanner, black materials reached higher contrast values than grey (P = 0.04) or brown (P = 0.047). To compare the accuracy and reproducibility of 6 test materials for cartilage, we used 10 knives to create cut marks that were subsequently scanned. During the alignment of the individual signals of each mark, the cross-correlation coefficients (Xmax) and lags (LXmax) were calculated. The signals of the marks in agarose were aligned with significantly fewer lags and achieved significantly higher cross-correlation coefficients compared to all tested materials (both P = 0.00). Moreover, we determined the cross-correlation coefficients (XC) for known-matches (KM) per material. Agarose achieved significantly higher values than AccuTrans®, Clear Ballistics™, and gelatine (all P = 0.00). The results of this work provide valuable insights for the forensic investigation of marks in human costal cartilage.
MPM–FEM hybrid method for granular mass–water interaction problems
Authors: Pan Shaoyuan , Yamaguchi Yuya , Suppasri Anawat , Moriguchi Shuji , Terada Kenjiro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe present study proposes an MPM (material point method)–FEM (finite element method) hybrid analysis method for simulating granular mass–water interaction problems, in which the granular mass causes dynamic motion of the surrounding water. While the MPM is applied to the solid (soil) phase whose motion is suitably represented by Lagrangian description, the FEM is applied to the fluid (water) phase that is adapted for Eulerian description. Also, the phase-field approach is employed to capture the free surface. After the accuracy of the proposed method is tested by comparing the results to some analytical solutions of the consolidation theory, several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate its capability in simulating fluid motions induced by granular mass movements.
Deep freezing to maintain the freshness of pork loin during long-term storage
Authors: Lee SangYoon , Kim Eun Jeong , Park Dong Hyeon , Ji Yu Ra , Kang Guhyun , Choi Mi-Jung 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAs storage temperature impacts frozen meat quality, we evaluated the ideal freezing and storage temperatures for pork loin, and effects of long-term storage at − 60, − 50, and − 18 °C on pork loin physicochemical properties. Pork loin was cut into 30 × 30 × 30 mm (50 g) and packed in air-containing box. Thereafter, they were stored at different freezing temperature for 6 months. Frozen pork loins were thawed at 4 °C. Samples frozen at − 18 °C exhibited surface dehydration (at 3 months) and high moisture loss surface dehydration-induced discoloration and toughening. However, samples frozen by deep freezing temperature (− 60 and − 50 °C) had lower values of thawing loss, WHC, and shear force than those of frozen at − 18 °C. Samples frozen at − 60 and − 50 °C maintained their freshness better than those frozen at − 18 °C; samples stored at − 60 °C showed significantly lower VBN than those stored at − 50 °C. Therefore, − 60 °C is suitable for freezing pork loins.
Lidstone–Euler interpolation and related high even order boundary value problem
Authors: Costabile Francesco Aldo , Gualtieri Maria Italia , Napoli Anna 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe consider the Lidstone–Euler interpolation problem and the associated Lidstone–Euler boundary value problem, in both theoretical and computational aspects. After a theorem of existence and uniqueness of the solution to the Lidstone–Euler boundary value problem, we present a numerical method for solving it. This method uses the extrapolated Bernstein polynomials and produces an approximating convergent polynomial sequence. Particularly, we consider the fourth-order case, arising in various physical models. Finally, we present some numerical examples and we compare the proposed method with a modified decomposition method for a tenth-order problem. The numerical results confirm the theoretical and computational ones.