bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integration of the SMXL/D53 strigolactone signalling repressors in the model of shoot branching regulation in Pisum sativum
Authors: Kerr Stephanie C. , Patil Suyash B. , de Saint Germain Alexandre , Pillot Jean‐Paul , Saffar Julie , Ligerot Yasmine , Aubert Grégoire , Citerne Sylvie , Bellec Yannick , Dun Elizabeth A. , Beveridge Christine A. , Rameau Catherine 
Published: July 2021

SummaryDWARF53 (D53) in rice (Oryza sativa) and its homologs in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2‐LIKE 6 (SMXL6), SMXL7 and SMXL8, are well established negative regulators of strigolactone (SL) signalling in shoot branching regulation. Little is known of pea (Pisum sativum) homologs and whether D53 and related SMXLs are specific to SL signalling pathways. Here, we identify two allelic pea mutants, dormant3 (dor3), and demonstrate through gene mapping and sequencing that DOR3 corresponds to a homolog of D53 and SMXL6/SMXL7, designated PsSMXL7. Phenotype analysis, gene expression, protein and hormone quantification assays were performed to determine the role of PsSMXL7 in regulation of bud outgrowth and the role of PsSMXL7 and D53 in integrating SL and cytokinin (CK) responses. Like D53 and related SMXLs, we show that PsSMXL7 can be degraded by SL and induces feedback upregulation of PsSMXL7 transcript. Here we reveal a system conserved in pea and rice, whereby CK also upregulates PsSMXL7/D53 transcripts, providing a clear mechanism for SL and CK cross‐talk in the regulation of branching. To further deepen our understanding of the branching network in pea, we provide evidence that SL acts via PsSMXL7 to modulate auxin content via PsAFB5, which itself regulates expression of SL biosynthesis genes. We therefore show that PsSMXL7 is key to a triple hormone network involving an auxin–SL feedback mechanism and SL–CK cross‐talk.
Modeling the Transport of Fuel Mixture Perturbations and Entropy Waves in the Linearized Framework
Authors: Kaiser Thomas Ludwig , Oberleithner Kilian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a new method is introduced to model the transport of entropy waves and equivalence ratio fluctuations in turbulent flows. The model is based on the Navier–Stokes equations and includes a transport equation for a passive scalar, which may stand for entropy or equivalence ratio fluctuations. The equations are linearized around the mean turbulent fields. These serve as the input to the model in addition to a turbulent eddy viscosity, which accounts for turbulent diffusion of the perturbations. Based on these inputs, the framework is able to predict the linear response of the flow velocity and passive scalar to harmonic perturbations that are imposed at the boundaries of the computational domain. These, in this study, are fluctuations in the passive scalar and/or velocities at the inlet of a channel flow. The code is first validated against analytic results, showing very good agreement. Then, the method is applied to predict the convection, mean flow dispersion, and turbulent mixing of passive scalar fluctuations in a turbulent channel flow, which has been studied in previous work with direct numerical simulations (DNS). Results show that our code reproduces the dynamics of coherent passive scalar transport in the DNS with very high accuracy and low numerical costs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that turbulent mixing has a significant effect on the transport of the passive scalar fluctuations. Finally, we apply the method to explain experimental observations of transport of equivalence ratio fluctuations in the mixing duct of a model burner.
A Multi-Source Data Feature Fusion and Expert Knowledge Integration Approach on Lithium-Ion Battery Anomaly Detection
Authors: Wang Yudong , Bai Xiwei , Liu Chengbao , Tan Jie 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
To meet voltage and capability needs, batteries are grouped into packs as power sources. Abnormal ones in a pack will lead to partial heating and reduced available life, so removing anomalies out during manufacturing is of great significance. The conventional methods to detect abnormal batteries mainly rely on grading systems and manual operations. Current data-driven methods use statistical, machine learning and neural network approaches, building models, then applying them on the unlabeled. However, both cannot make full use of multiple source data and expert knowledge. Therefore, how to use these multi-source data and knowledge to improve the effect of battery anomaly detection process has become a research focus. We put forward a data-driven multi-source data feature fusion and expert knowledge integration (FFEKI) network architecture that follows encoder-decoder structure with multiple integration units and a corresponding joint loss function. First, we collect multi-source data and obtain fusion features. Then, we refine filters from expert knowledge and transform them into neural network layers as components of integration units. By this way, supervisory knowledge is integrated into our network. We evaluate our scheme by sets of experiments comparing with most widely used approaches on real manufacturing data. Results show that FFEKI obtains a maximum 100% anomaly detection rate (ADR). Meanwhile, when the number of detection T is greater than the actual number of anomalies in the testing set, our method can achieve full ADR faster. It is concluded that the proposed FFEKI achieves effective performance on power lithium-ion battery anomaly detection.
Basement-decoupled hyperextension rifting: The tectono-stratigraphic record of the salt-rich Pyrenean necking zone (Arzacq Basin, SW France)
Authors: Ducoux M. , Masini E. , Tugend J. , Gómez-Romeu J. , Calassou S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHalf grabens and supra-detachment basins correspond to end-member basin types of magma-poor rift settings, each of them showing a characteristic stratigraphic architecture. The occurrence of a basement-cover décollement has been shown to drastically change the stratigraphic architecture of half graben basins, however, the effect of such basement-cover décollement remains to be documented in supra-detachment basins formed during hyper-extension. We investigate the tectono-stratigraphic record of the Arzacq Basin (SW France) recording the formation of a salt-rich Cretaceous hyperextended rift system. Combining 2-D and 3-D seismic reflection calibrated from well data, we show that this basin is an asymmetric syn-rift extensional syncline growing above a pre-kinematic salt layer. By mapping the sub-salt basement, we show that the formation of this syncline is controlled by the South-Arzacq Fault (SAF), soling in the sub-salt basement. Based on crosscutting relationships and the observed southward migration of syn-rift depocenters, this N110°-striking, 20°-dipping structure accommodates &gt;10 km of thick-skinned extension. The overlying supra-salt cover coherently glided, following the basement geometry. The 3-D segmentation of the SAF and the sub-salt stratigraphic architecture of the Arzacq Basin suggest a roughly dip-slip kinematic. A post-kinematic kilometer-scale uplift is documented on the southern side of the Arzacq Basin. It may result from the increasing lithospheric thinning and thermal support at the end of asymmetric hyperextension. As salt commonly occurs in extensional settings, we believe that our description of the tectono-stratigraphic record of a basement-decoupled supra-detachment basin has global applicability to unleash the tectono-stratigraphic evolution of worldwide hyper-extended rifted margins.
A crucial geologic test of Late Jurassic exotic collision versus endemic re-accretion in the Klamath Mountains Province, western United States, with implications for the assembly of western North America
Authors: LaMaskin Todd A. , Rivas Jonathan A. , Barbeau David L. , Schwartz Joshua J. , Russell John A. , Chapman Alan D. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Differing interpretations of geophysical and geologic data have led to debate regarding continent-scale plate configuration, subduction polarity, and timing of collisional events on the western North American plate margin in pre–mid-Cretaceous time. One set of models involves collision and accretion of far-traveled “exotic” terranes against the continental margin along a west-dipping subduction zone, whereas a second set of models involves long-lived, east-dipping subduction under the continental margin and a fringing or “endemic” origin for many Mesozoic terranes on the western North American plate margin. Here, we present new detrital zircon U-Pb ages from clastic rocks of the Rattlesnake Creek and Western Klamath terranes in the Klamath Mountains of northern California and southern Oregon that provide a test of these contrasting models. Our data show that portions of the Rattlesnake Creek terrane cover sequence (Salt Creek assemblage) are no older than ca. 170–161 Ma (Middle–early Late Jurassic) and contain 62–83% Precambrian detrital zircon grains. Turbidite sandstone samples of the Galice Formation are no older than ca. 158–153 Ma (middle Late Jurassic) and contain 15–55% Precambrian detrital zircon grains. Based on a comparison of our data to published magmatic and detrital ages representing provenance scenarios predicted by the exotic and endemic models (a crucial geologic test), we show that our samples were likely sourced from the previously accreted, older terranes of the Klamath Mountains and Sierra Nevada, as well as active-arc sources, with some degree of contribution from recycled sources in the continental interior. Our observations are inconsistent with paleogeographic reconstructions that are based on exotic, intra-oceanic arcs formed far offshore of North America. In contrast, the incorporation of recycled detritus from older terranes of the Klamath Mountains and Sierra Nevada, as well as North America, into the Rattlesnake Creek and Western Klamath terranes prior to Late Jurassic deformation adds substantial support to endemic models. Our results suggest that during long-lived, east-dipping subduction, the opening and subsequent closing of the marginal Galice/Josephine basin occurred as a result of in situ extension and subsequent contraction. Our results show that tectonic models invoking exotic, intra-oceanic archipelagos composed of Cordilleran arc terranes fail a crucial geologic test of the terranes’ proposed exotic origin and support the occurrence of east-dipping, pre–mid-Cretaceous subduction beneath the North American continental margin.
Measuring urbanicity as a risk factor for childhood wheeze in a transitional area of coastal ecuador: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Rodriguez Alejandro , Rodrigues Laura , Chico Martha , Vaca Maritza , Barreto Mauricio Lima , Brickley Elizabeth , Cooper Philip J 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundThe urbanisation process has been associated with increases in asthma prevalence, an observation supported largely by studies comparing urban with rural populations. The nature of this association remains poorly understood, likely because of the limitations of the urban–rural approach to understand what a multidimensional process is.ObjectiveThis study explored the relationship between the urbanisation process and asthma prevalence using a multidimensional and quantitative measure of urbanicity.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis was conducted in 1843 children living in areas with diverse levels of urbanisation in the district of Quinindé, Ecuador in 2013–2015. Categorical principal components analysis was used to generate an urbanicity score derived from 18 indicators measured at census ward level based on data from the national census in 2010. Indicators represent demographic, socioeconomic, built environment and geographical dimensions of the urbanisation process. Geographical information system analysis was used to allocate observations and urban characteristics to census wards. Logistic random effects regression models were used to identify associations between urbanicity score, urban indicators and three widely used definitions for asthma.ResultsThe prevalence of wheeze ever, current wheeze and doctor diagnosis of asthma was 33.3%, 13% and 6.9%, respectively. The urbanicity score ranged 0–10. Positive significant associations were observed between the urbanicity score and wheeze ever (adjusted OR=1.033, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.07, p=0.05) and doctor diagnosis (adjusted OR=1.06, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.1, p=0.001). For each point of increase in urbanicity score, the prevalence of wheeze ever and doctor diagnosis of asthma increased by 3.3% and 6%, respectively. Variables related to socioeconomic and geographical dimensions of the urbanisation process were associated with greater prevalence of wheeze/asthma outcomes.ConclusionsEven small increases in urbanicity are associated with a higher prevalence of asthma in an area undergoing the urban transition. The use of a multidimensional urbanicity indicator has greater explanatory power than the widely used urban–rural dichotomy to improve our understanding of how the process of urbanisation affects the risk of asthma.
Autocrine GMCSF Signaling Contributes to Growth of HER2+ Breast Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis
Authors: Ansari Khairul I. , Bhan Arunoday , Saotome Mika , Tyagi Antariksh , De Kumar Bony , Chen Clara , Takaku Motoki , Jandial Rahul 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LC) occurs when tumor cells spread to the cerebrospinal fluid–containing leptomeninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord. LC is an ominous complication of cancer with a dire prognosis. Although any malignancy can spread to the leptomeninges, breast cancer, particularly the HER2+ subtype, is its most common origin. HER2+ breast LC (HER2+ LC) remains incurable, with few treatment options, and the molecular mechanisms underlying proliferation of HER2+ breast cancer cells in the acellular, protein, and cytokine-poor leptomeningeal environment remain elusive. Therefore, we sought to characterize signaling pathways that drive HER2+ LC development as well as those that restrict its growth to leptomeninges. Primary HER2+ LC patient-derived (“Lepto”) cell lines in coculture with various central nervous system (CNS) cell types revealed that oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC), the largest population of dividing cells in the CNS, inhibited HER2+ LC growth in vitro and in vivo, thereby limiting the spread of HER2+ LC beyond the leptomeninges. Cytokine array–based analyses identified Lepto cell–secreted GMCSF as an oncogenic autocrine driver of HER2+ LC growth. LC/MS-MS-based analyses revealed that the OPC-derived protein TPP1 proteolytically degrades GMCSF, decreasing GMCSF signaling and leading to suppression of HER2+ LC growth and limiting its spread. Finally, intrathecal delivery of neutralizing anti-GMCSF antibodies and a pan-Aurora kinase inhibitor (CCT137690) synergistically inhibited GMCSF and suppressed activity of GMCSF effectors, reducing HER2+ LC growth in vivo. Thus, OPC suppress GMCSF-driven growth of HER2+ LC in the leptomeningeal environment, providing a potential targetable axis.

Significance:
This study characterizes molecular mechanisms that drive HER2+ leptomeningeal carcinomatosis and demonstrates the efficacy of anti-GMCSF antibodies and pan-Aurora kinase inhibitors against this disease.
Decoding Word Embeddings with Brain-Based Semantic Features
Authors: Chersoni Emmanuele , Santus Enrico , Huang Chu-Ren , Lenci Alessandro 
Published: July 2021

Word embeddings are vectorial semantic representations built with either counting or predicting techniques aimed at capturing shades of meaning from word co-occurrences. Since their introduction, these representations have been criticized for lacking interpretable dimensions. This property of word embeddings limits our understanding of the semantic features they actually encode. Moreover, it contributes to the “black box” nature of the tasks in which they are used, since the reasons for word embedding performance often remain opaque to humans. In this contribution, we explore the semantic properties encoded in word embeddings by mapping them onto interpretable vectors, consisting of explicit and neurobiologically motivated semantic features (Binder et al. 2016). Our exploration takes into account different types of embeddings, including factorized count vectors and predict models (Skip-Gram, GloVe, etc.), as well as the most recent contextualized representations (i.e., ELMo and BERT).In our analysis, we first evaluate the quality of the mapping in a retrieval task, then we shed light on the semantic features that are better encoded in each embedding type. A large number of probing tasks is finally set to assess how the original and the mapped embeddings perform in discriminating semantic categories. For each probing task, we identify the most relevant semantic features and we show that there is a correlation between the embedding performance and how they encode those features. This study sets itself as a step forward in understanding which aspects of meaning are captured by vector spaces, by proposing a new and simple method to carve human-interpretable semantic representations from distributional vectors.
Toward Gender-Inclusive Coreference Resolution: An Analysis of Gender and Bias Throughout the Machine Learning Lifecycle
Authors: Cao Yang Trista , Daumé Hal 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Correctly resolving textual mentions of people fundamentally entails making inferences about those people. Such inferences raise the risk of systematic biases in coreference resolution systems, including biases that can harm binary and non-binary trans and cis stakeholders. To better understand such biases, we foreground nuanced conceptualizations of gender from sociology and sociolinguistics, and investigate where in the machine learning pipeline such biases can enter a coreference resolution system. We inspect many existing data sets for trans-exclusionary biases, and develop two new data sets for interrogating bias in both crowd annotations and in existing coreference resolution systems. Through these studies, conducted on English text, we confirm that without acknowledging and building systems that recognize the complexity of gender, we will build systems that fail for: quality of service, stereotyping, and over- or under-representation, especially for binary and non-binary trans users.
A Celebrity from the Sky: ʿAbd al-Bāsiṭ ʿAbd al-Ṣamad’s Journey to National and International Fame in ʿAbd al-Nāṣir’s and al-Sādāt’s Egypt
Authors: Sayfo Omar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
ʿAbd al-Bāsiṭ ʿAbd al-Ṣamad (1927–88) is one of the most renowned Egyptian Qurʾān reciters of the mujawwad and murattal styles, admired nationally and internationally for his remarkable voice and improvisatory style. Starting from the 1950s, his national and international career was entwined with the emergence of Egyptian mass media, which contributed not only to the spread of his voice on the radio, followed by the distribution of cassettes, but also to the formation of his image through a variety of media texts. While avoiding explicit political engagement, he largely contributed to the religious legitimation of ʿAbd al-Nāṣir’s and al-Sādāt’s policies by his presence at iconic events, as well as to the growth of Egyptian soft power. This article sets ʿAbd al-Bāsiṭ ʿAbd al-Ṣamad’s career within the media and political landscape of his time, exploring his journey from his Upper Egyptian home village to transnational celebrity.
The Impact of Climate Change on States
Authors: Kułaga Łukasz 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The increase in sea levels, as a result of climate change in territorial aspect will have a potential impact on two major issues – maritime zones and land territory. The latter goes into the heart of the theory of the state in international law as it requires us to confront the problem of complete and permanent disappearance of a State territory. When studying these processes, one should take into account the fundamental lack of appropriate precedents and analogies in international law, especially in the context of the extinction of the state, which could be used for guidance in this respect. The article analyses sea level rise impact on baselines and agreed maritime boundaries (in particular taking into account fundamental change of circumstances rule). Furthermore, the issue of submergence of the entire territory of a State is discussed taking into account the presumption of statehood, past examples of extinction of states and the importance of recognition in this respect.
Climate Change and Global Health
Authors: Negri Stefania 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Climate change is considered potentially the greatest threat to global health in the 21st century due to its direct and indirect adverse impacts on human health and its environmental determinants. Synergies between international regimes regulating climate change and human rights protection can provide the appropriate legal tools to hold States responsible for their contribution to climate change, notably in terms of failure to adopt effective and appropriate measures of mitigation and adaptation capable of preventing climate-induced health risks. In this respect, recent trends in international practice suggest that the right to health argument has the potential to play a pivotal role in climate litigation before international courts and human rights bodies, which are increasingly called to adjudge complaints filed by youth petitioners fighting for global climate change action.
Protecting the Environment from the Perspective of the Law of Armed Conflict
Authors: Krzan Bartłomiej 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The present study analyses climate change from the perspective of the law of armed conflict. Climate may be both a victim and a means of warfare. Arguably, the existing normative framework is broad enough to allow for accommodating climate change. It cannot be denied that the environment is easily harmed, or at least jeopardized in times of armed conflicts. Despite the obvious lack of explicit references in the instruments of international humanitarian law, it may be argued that it is possible to fit climate change in. The accompanying analysis addresses the respective potential and the ensuing hurdles.
Towards a Redefinition of the Food Security Concept in the Light of Climate Change
Authors: Adamczak-Retecka Monika , Śniadach Olga 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In recent years climate change and its impacts have become a separate field of inquiry. Climate-related risks to food security, water supply, biodiversity and human health are expected to increase with further global warming. The purpose of this study is to show how the definition of food security in particular has changed in times of climate change. It is a multidimensional phenomenon that has no legal definition so far. Associated mainly with physical access to food, food security was identified as a global problem by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in 1975 at the Word Food Conference. At the European Union level, food security is strictly connected with the Common Agriculture Policy. One of the new aims of that policy is to make agriculture more sustainable and responsive to current and future challenges, including climate variability. There is the dual challenge of both adapting production systems to new conditions and reducing greenhouse gases produced by agriculture.