bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
User-Oriented Intelligent Indexing and Retrieval in a Design Documentation System
Authors: Ruecker Lukas , Seering Warren P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents results of our research in design documentation. We have focused on capturing design knowledge and experience generated in the product development process and on providing computational services that facilitate its use and re-use in concurrent and subsequent design activity. For this purpose we have developed a task- and domain-specific representation for semi-formal dialectical and qualitative reasoning in design. Here we will describe the types of retrieval operations possible within a documentation system, outline the epistemological foundation and the main ideas behind our representation, offer a preliminary analysis of the tradeoffs among expressiveness, computational power, tractability, and human usability in the framework we propose, and explain why we believe that our approach will indeed offer a significant improvement over current methods without a corresponding increase in cost.
Managing Design Structure Data in a Concurrent Engineering Design Environment
Authors: Lindeman Dennis , Wijaya Lissy 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The ability to productively share design data among concurrent engineering team members is critical to successfully implementing a concurrent engineering methodology. In the concurrent process, the product structure is the focal point for all design deliverables. This paper focuses on the need to share and manipulate the product’s design structure and its associated parametric data throughout the course of detailed design. It is based on our experiences at Texas Instruments as we worked to implement concurrent engineering practices into our design environment and came to realize the criticality of managing the product structure throughout the process.
This paper provides the reader with a brief overview of a concurrent engineering methodology, a description of a concurrent engineering data structure (CEDS) and its life cycle, the benefits of maintaining and sharing a common structure (and format) throughout the design process, and proposed requirements for a CEDS management tool. In addition, we describe how we initially implemented CEDS within TI and some thoughts on future implementation possibilities.
Time Spent Near V˙O2max During Different Cycling Self-Paced Interval Training Protocols
Authors: Dall’ Agnol Cristiano , Turnes Tiago , De Lucas Ricardo Dantas 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: Cyclists may increase exercise intensity by prolonging exercise duration and/or shortening the recovery period during self-paced interval training, which could impact the time spent near . Thus, the main objective of this study was to compare the time spent near during 4 different self-paced interval training sessions. Methods: After an incremental test, 11 cyclists (mean [SD]: age = 34.4 [6.2] y; ) performed in a randomized order 4 self-paced interval training sessions characterized by a work–recovery ratio of 4:1 or 2:1. Sessions comprised 4 repetitions of 4 minutes of cycling with 1 minute (4/1) or 2 minutes (4/2) of active recovery or 8 minutes of cycling with 2 minutes (8/2) or 4 minutes (8/4) of active recovery. Time spent at 90% to 94% (), ≥95% (), and 90% to 100% () was analyzed in absolute terms and relative to the total work duration. Power output, heart rate, blood lactate, and rating of perceived exertion were compared. Results: The 8/4 session provided higher absolute and than 8/2 (P = .015 and .029) and 4/1 (P = .002 and .047). The 4/2 protocol elicited higher relative (47.7% [26.9%]) and (23.5% [22.7%]) than 4/1 (P = .015 and .028) and 8/2 (P < .01). Session 4/2 (275 [23] W) elicited greater mean power output (P < .01) than 4/1 (261 [27] W), 8/4 (250 [25] W), and 8/2 (234 [23] W). Conclusions: Self-paced interval training composed of 4-minute and 8-minute work periods efficiently elicit , but protocols with a work–recovery ratio of 2:1 (ie, 4/2 and 8/4) could be prioritized to maximize .
Ambient air pollution, lung function and COPD: cross-sectional analysis from the WHO Study of AGEing and adult health wave 1
Authors: Elbarbary Mona , Oganesyan Artem , Honda Trenton , Kelly Patrick , Zhang Ying , Guo Yuming , Morgan Geoffrey , Guo Yanfei , Negin Joel 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundLong-term exposure to ambient air pollution leads to respiratory morbidity and mortality; however, the evidence of the effect on lung function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in older adult populations is inconsistent.ObjectiveTo address this knowledge gap, we investigated the associations between particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure and lung function, as well as COPD prevalence, in older Chinese adults.MethodsWe used data from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) China Wave 1, which includes 11, 693 participants from 64 townships in China. A cross-sectional analysis explored the association between satellite-based air pollution exposure estimates (PM with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤10 µm [PM10], ≤2.5 µm [PM2.5] and NO2) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), the FEV1/FVC ratio and COPD (defined as post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC <70%). Data on lung function changes were further stratified by COPD status.ResultsHigher exposure to each pollutant was associated with lower lung function. An IQR (26.1 µg/m3) increase in PM2.5was associated with lower FEV1(−71.88 mL, 95% CI –92.13 to –51.64) and FEV1/FVC (−2.81, 95% CI −3.37 to –2.25). For NO2, an IQR increment of 26.8 µg/m3was associated with decreases in FEV1(−60.12 mL, 95% CI –84.00 to –36.23) and FVC (−32.33 mL, 95% CI –56.35 to –8.32). A 31.2 µg/m3IQR increase in PM10was linked to reduced FEV1(−8.86 mL, 95% CI −5.40 to 23.11) and FEV1/FVC (−1.85, 95% CI −2.24 to –1.46). These associations were stronger for participants with COPD. Also, COPD prevalence was linked to higher levels of PM2.5(POR 1.35, 95% CI 1.26 to 1.43), PM10(POR 1.24, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.29) and NO2(POR 1.04, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.11).ConclusionAmbient air pollution was associated with lower lung function, especially in individuals with COPD, and increased COPD prevalence in older Chinese adults.
Real-world retrospective observational study exploring the effectiveness and safety of antifibrotics in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Wright William Alexander , Crowley Louise E , Parekh Dhruv , Crawshaw Anjali , Dosanjh Davinder P , Nightingale Peter , Thickett David R 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundPirfenidone and nintedanib are the only disease-modifying treatments available for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Our aim was to test their effectiveness and safety in clinical practice.MethodsThis is a single-centre retrospective observational study undertaken at a specialised interstitial lung disease centre in England. Data including progression-free survival (PFS), mortality and drug tolerability were compared between patients with IPF on antifibrotic therapies and an untreated control group who had a forced vital capacity percentage (FVC %) predicted within the licensed antifibrotic treatment range.Results104 patients received antifibrotic therapies and 64 control patients were identified. PFS at 6 months was significantly greater in the antifibrotic group (75.0%) compared with the control group (56.3%) (p=0.012). PFS was not significant at 12 or 18 months when comparing the antifibrotic group with the control group. The 12-month post-treatment mean decline in FVC % predicted (−4.6±6.2%) was significantly less than the 12-month pretreatment decline (−10.4±11.8%) (p=0.039). The 12-month mortality rate was not significantly different between the antifibrotic group (25.3%) and the control group (35.5%) (p=0.132). Baseline Body Mass Index of≤25, baseline diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide percentage predicted of ≤35 and antifibrotic discontinuation within 3 months were independent predictors of 12-month mortality. Antifibrotic discontinuation was significantly higher by 3 and 6 months for patients on pirfenidone than those on nintedanib (p=0.006 and p=0.044, respectively). Discontinuation at 12 months was not significantly different (p=0.381).ConclusionsThis real-world study revealed that antifibrotics are having promising effects on PFS, lung function and mortality. These findings may favour commencement of nintedanib as first-line antifibrotic therapy, given the lower rates of early treatment discontinuation, although further studies are required to investigate this.
High-dimensional analysis of the adenosine pathway in high-grade serous ovarian cancer
Authors: Bareche Yacine , Pommey Sandra , Carneiro Mayra , Buisseret Laurence , Cousineau Isabelle , Thebault Pamela , Chrobak Pavel , Communal Laudine , Allard David , Robson Simon C , Mes-Masson Anne-Marie , Provencher Diane , Lapointe Rejean , Stagg John 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundHydrolysis of extracellular ATP to adenosine (eADO) is an important immune checkpoint in cancer immunology. We here investigated the impact of the eADO pathway in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) using multiparametric platforms.MethodsWe performed a transcriptomic meta-analysis of eADO-producing CD39 and CD73, an eADO signaling gene signature, immune gene signatures and clinical outcomes in approximately 1200 patients with HGSC. Protein expression, localization and prognostic impact of CD39, CD73 and CD8 were then performed on approximately 1000 cases on tissue microarray, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were analyzed by flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing on a subset of patients.ResultsConcomitant CD39 and CD73 gene expression, as well as high levels of an eADO gene signature, were associated with worse prognosis in patients with HGSC, notably in the immunoregulatory molecular subtype, characterized by an immune-active microenvironment. CD39 was further associated with primary chemorefractory and chemoresistant human HGSC and platinum-based chemotherapy of murine HGSC was significantly more effective in CD39-deficient mice. At protein level, CD39 and CD73 were predominantly expressed by cancer-associated fibroblasts, and CD39 was expressed on severely exhausted, clonally expanded and putative tissue-resident memory TILs.ConclusionsOur study revealed the clinical, immunological, subtype-specific impacts of eADO signaling in HGSC, unveiled the chemoprotective effect of CD39 and supports the evaluation of eADO-targeting agents in patients with ovarian cancer.
Effects of Funneliformis mosseae on the utilization of organic phosphorus in Camellia oleifera Abel
Authors: Wu Fei , Li Zhengyun , Lin Yulan , Zhang Linping 
Published: March 2021

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play an important role in the acquisition of phosphorus (P) by plants. The external hyphae of AM fungi function as an extension of plant roots and may downregulate related functions in the roots. It is not clear whether the ability of AM fungi to mineralize organic P affects root phosphatase activities. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of Funneliformis mosseae on soil organic P mineralization under phytate application and to explore root phosphatase activities, P uptake, and growth in Camellia oleifera Abel. The plants and their growth substrates were harvested 4 and 8 months after planting. The results showed that organic P application had no effect on the total dry mass of nonmycorrhizal plants, but differences in dry mass under P application were observed in mycorrhizal plants in both harvests. Inoculation with F. mosseae increased soil acid phosphatase, phytase, and alkaline phosphatase activities and reduced the soil organic P content. Mycorrhizal plants had higher root activity, shoot and root P contents and root acid phosphatase and phytase activities than nonmycorrhizal plants irrespective of organic P application. In conclusion, AM fungi enhanced the mineralization of soil organic P and positively affect root phosphatase activities.
Four-agent bidirectional quantum controlled teleportation via quantum entanglement swapping
Authors: Zhang Wanbin , Li Baosheng 
Published: March 2021

A total of seven qubits are in a maximally entangled state. Using such an entangled state as quantum channel is based on the construction requirements of quantum long-distance communication [Pan et al., Nature 488, 185 (2012)]. Multi-party quantum channel (QC) should be studied. We put forward three deterministic bidirectional quantum controlled teleportation (BQCT) schemes. To be specific, BQCT can be realized between any two parties in a deterministic manner with another as the control. Alternatively, the BQCT capacity of such state in the given qubit distribution is thus essentially revealed by virtue of the schemes.
Processes of sand entrainment and emplacement in sand injection complexes of the Viking Graben
Authors: Wild John L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Balder Field reservoir sandstone has been interpreted as remobilized from a Mesozoic parent bed. This paper seeks to address the questions raised about this unusual origin. Research and broadly analogous processes are reviewed, leading to the proposal that the parent beds may have been fluidized by bedding-parallel retrogressive entrainment of Statfjord Formation sands by a connected larger source of overpressured fluids. These fluids are identified as most likely derived by lateral migration from the Viking Graben, initiated in response to early Eocene basin inversion related to North Atlantic rifting. The event probably involved breaching of the topseal in multiple places over a large section of the Utsira High. The geometry of large sills formed from small breach points and the internal differentiation seen may show that the sills inflated by lateral accretion from a medial active flowing zone of turbulent, transitional or laminar flowing suspension. It is suggested that sequence-stratigraphic and structural context should be considered as additional criteria to discriminate between depositional and intruded sands.
Prognostic Value of Inflammatory and Tumour Markers in Small-Duct Subtype Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma after Curative-Intent Resection
Authors: Ma Bingqi , Meng Huijuan , Shen An , Ma Yuwen , Zhao Dianpeng , Liu Guiling , Zheng Shujuan , Tian Ye , Zhang Wei , Li Qiang , Li Shiping 
Published: March 2021

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is characterised by heterogeneity, and it can be subdivided into small-duct and large-duct types. Inflammatory and tumour markers could effectively predict prognosis in many cancers, but no similar studies have been conducted in the histological subtypes of ICC. A total of 102 and 72 patients with ICC undergoing curative-intent resection were retrospectively subclassified into large-duct and small-duct types by chemical staining, respectively. The prognostic value of inflammatory and tumour markers was studied for the first time in histological subtypes of ICC by using a Cox regression model. A novel predictor named prognostic inflammatory index (PII) was proposed and defined as

neutrophil
×
monocyte
/
lymphocyte

count

(109/L). Survival analysis showed that PII, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), CA242, and ferritin were all predictors of DFS and OS in patients with ICC (

P
<
0.040

). Subgroup analysis showed that PII, CA19-9, and ferritin were risk predictors of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in small-duct type ICC (

P
<
0.015

). In addition, in small-duct type ICC, NLR and LMR were correlated with OS (

P
<
0.025

), whilst CEA and CA242 were correlated with DFS (

P
≤
0.010

). In conclusion, PII is a convenient and efficient inflammatory predictor of DFS and OS in ICCs and their small-duct type. NLR and LMR, rather than platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, were correlated with OS in small-duct type ICC. In addition, ferritin may be a supplement to CA19-9 in stratifying the survival outcome of patients with small-duct type ICC.
The Age-AST-D Dimer (AAD) Regression Model Predicts Severe COVID-19 Disease
Authors: Higuera-de-la-Tijera Fátima , Servín-Caamaño Alfredo , Reyes-Herrera Daniel , Flores-López Argelia , Robiou-Vivero Enrique J. A. , Martínez-Rivera Felipe , Galindo-Hernández Victor , Rosales-Salyano Victor H. , Casillas-Suárez Catalina , Chapa-Azuela Oscar , Chávez-Morales Alfonso , Jiménez-Bobadilla Billy , Hernández-Medel María L. , Orozco-Zúñiga Benjamín , Zacarías-Ezzat Jed R. , Camacho Santiago , Pérez-Hernández José L. 
Published: March 2021

Aim. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) ranges from mild clinical phenotypes to life-threatening conditions like severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). It has been suggested that early liver injury in these patients could be a risk factor for poor outcome. We aimed to identify early biochemical predictive factors related to severe disease development with intensive care requirements in patients with COVID-19. Methods. Data from COVID-19 patients were collected at admission time to our hospital. Differential biochemical factors were identified between seriously ill patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission (ICU patients) versus stable patients without the need for ICU admission (non-ICU patients). Multiple linear regression was applied, then a predictive model of severity called Age-AST-D dimer (AAD) was constructed (

n
=
166

) and validated (

n
=
170

). Results. Derivation cohort: from 166 patients included, there were 27 (16.3%) ICU patients that showed higher levels of liver injury markers (

P
<
0.01

) compared with non-ICU patients: alanine aminotrasnferase (ALT)

225.4
±
341.2

vs.

41.3
±
41.1

, aspartate aminotransferase (AST)

325.3
±
382.4

vs.

52.8
±
47.1

, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH)

764.6
±
401.9

vs.

461.0
±
185.6

, D-dimer (DD)

7765
±
9109

vs.

1871
±
4146

, and age

58.6
±
12.7

vs.

49.1
±
12.8

. With these finding, a model called Age-AST-DD (AAD), with a cut-point of <2.75 (

sensitivity
=
0.797

and

specificity
=
0.391

,

c
−
statistic
=
0.74

; 95%IC: 0.62-0.86,

P
<
0.001

), to predict the risk of need admission to ICU (

OR
=
5.8

; 95% CI: 2.2-15.4,

P
=
0.001

), was constructed. Validation cohort: in 170 different patients, the

AAD

model
<
2.75

(

c
−
statistic
=
0.80

(95% CI: 0.70-0.91,

P
<
0.001

) adequately predicted the risk (

OR
=
8.8

, 95% CI: 3.4-22.6,

P
<
0.001

) to be admitted in the ICU (27 patients, 15.95%). Conclusions. The elevation of AST (a possible marker of early liver injury) along with DD and age efficiently predict early (at admission time) probability of ICU admission during the clinical course of COVID-19. The AAD model can improve the comprehensive management of COVID-19 patients, and it could be useful as a triage tool to early classify patients with a high risk of developing a severe clinical course of the disease.
Peripheral Nerve Resident Macrophages and Schwann Cells Mediate Cancer-Induced Pain
Authors: De Logu Francesco , Marini Matilde , Landini Lorenzo , Souza Monteiro de Araujo Daniel , Bartalucci Niccolò , Trevisan Gabriela , Bruno Gennaro , Marangoni Martina , Schmidt Brian L. , Bunnett Nigel W. , Geppetti Pierangelo , Nassini Romina 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Although macrophages (MΦ) are known to play a central role in neuropathic pain, their contribution to cancer pain has not been established. Here we report that depletion of sciatic nerve resident MΦs (rMΦ) in mice attenuates mechanical/cold hypersensitivity and spontaneous pain evoked by intraplantar injection of melanoma or lung carcinoma cells. MΦ-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) was upregulated in the sciatic nerve trunk and mediated cancer-evoked pain via rMΦ expansion, transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) activation, and oxidative stress. Targeted deletion of Trpa1 revealed a key role for Schwann cell TRPA1 in sciatic nerve rMΦ expansion and pain-like behaviors. Depletion of rMΦs in a medial portion of the sciatic nerve prevented pain-like behaviors. Collectively, we identified a feed-forward pathway involving M-CSF, rMΦ, oxidative stress, and Schwann cell TRPA1 that operates throughout the nerve trunk to signal cancer-evoked pain.

Significance:
Schwann cell TRPA1 sustains cancer pain through release of M-CSF and oxidative stress, which promote the expansion and the proalgesic actions of intraneural macrophages.
The Effects of Lifetime Estrogen Exposure on Breast Epigenetic Age
Authors: Sehl Mary E. , Henry Jill E. , Storniolo Anna M. , Horvath Steve , Ganz Patricia A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground:Estrogens are thought to contribute to breast cancer risk through cell cycling and accelerated breast aging. We hypothesize that lifetime estrogen exposure drives early epigenetic breast aging observed in healthy women. In this study, we examined associations between hormonal factors and epigenetic aging measures in healthy breast tissues.Methods:We extracted DNA from breast tissue specimens from 192 healthy female donors to the Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center. Methylation experiments were performed using the Illumina EPIC 850K array platform. Age-adjusted regression models were used to examine for associations between factors related to estrogen exposure and five DNA methylation–based estimates: Grim age, pan-tissue age, Hannum age, phenotypic age, and skin and blood clock age.Results:Women were aged 19–90 years, with 95 premenopausal, and 97 nulliparous women. The age difference (Grim age − chronologic age) was higher at earlier ages close to menarche. We found significant associations between earlier age at menarche and age-adjusted accelerations according to the Grim clock, the skin and blood clock, and between higher body mass index (BMI) and age-adjusted accelerations in the Grim clock, Hannum clock, phenotypic clock, and skin and blood clock.Conclusions:Earlier age at menarche and higher BMI are associated with elevations in DNA methylation–based age estimates in healthy breast tissues, suggesting that cumulative estrogen exposure drives breast epigenetic aging.Impact:Epigenetic clock measures may help advance inquiry into the relationship between accelerated breast tissue aging and an elevated incidence of breast cancer in younger women.
Facts and Hopes in Multiple Myeloma Immunotherapy
Authors: Sperling Adam S. , Anderson Kenneth C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Among the hallmarks of cancer is the ability of neoplastic cells to evade and suppress immune surveillance to allow their growth and evolution. Nowhere is this as apparent as in multiple myeloma, a cancer of antibody-producing plasma cells, where a complex interplay between neoplastic cells and the immune microenvironment is required for the development and progression of disease. Decades of research has led to the discovery of a number of therapeutic agents, from cytotoxic drugs to genetically engineered cells that mediate their antimyeloma effects at least partially through altering these immune interactions. In this review, we discuss the history of immunotherapy and current practices in multiple myeloma, as well as the advances that promise to one day offer a cure for this deadly disease.