bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phonological vs. natural gender cues in the acquisition of German by simultaneous and sequential bilinguals (German–Russian)
Authors: KUPISCH Tanja , MITROFANOVA Natalia , WESTERGAARD Marit 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe investigate German–Russian bilingual children's sensitivity to formal and semantic cues when assigning gender to nouns in German. Across languages, young children have been shown to primarily rely on phonological cues, whereas sensitivity to semantic and syntactic cues increases with age. With its semi-transparent gender assignment system, where both formal and semantic cues are psycho linguistically relevant, German has weak phonological cues compared to other languages, and children have been argued to acquire semantic and phonological rules in tandem. German–Russian bilingual children face the challenge of acquiring two different gender assignment systems simultaneously. We tested 45 bilingual children (ages 4–10 years) and monolingual controls. Results show that the children are clearly sensitive to phonological cues, while semantic cues play a minor role. However, monolingual and bilingual children have different defaulting strategies, with monolinguals defaulting to neuter and bilinguals to feminine gender.
Humanity should colonize space in order to survive but not with embryo space colonization
Authors: Szocik Konrad 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The embryo space colonization (ESC) concept is an interesting, very rational and quite effective way to guarantee the survival of the human species, as long as the technology is achieved and no unforeseen complications arise during even many millions of years journey to an exoplanet. Despite these formal advantages of the concept, this paper points to a number of arguments against its validity. These arguments revolve around two issues. One is to point out that while the concept of saving the Homo sapiens species is noble and should be supported, the way of saving humanity envisioned by the ESC departs from what should be understood by the concept of saving humanity through space colonization. The second issue is to draw attention to the ethical controversies that make this concept perhaps unsuitable for implementation at all. At least some of these objections do not address the concept of saving humanity by sending adult living persons on space missions.
Causal effect of tooth loss on depression: evidence from a population-wide natural experiment in the USA
Authors: Matsuyama Y. , Jürges H. , Dewey M. , Listl S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Aims
Depression severely affects people's health and well-being. Oral diseases have been suggested to be associated with depression, but so far, there is no causal evidence. This study aimed to identify the causal effect of tooth loss on depression among US adults in a natural experiment study.

Methods
Instrumental variable analysis was conducted using data from 169 061 respondents born in 1940–1978 who participated in the 2006, 2008 or 2010 waves of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Random variation in tooth loss due to differential childhood exposure to drinking water fluoride was exploited as an instrument.

Results
US adults who were exposed to drinking water fluoride in childhood had more remaining teeth, therefore providing a robust instrument (F = 73.4). For each additional tooth loss, depressive symptoms according to the eight-item Patient Health Questionnaire depression (PHQ-8) score increased by 0.146 (95% CI 0.008–0.284), and the probability of having clinical depression (PHQ ⩾10) increased by 0.81 percentage points (95% CI −0.12 to 1.73).

Conclusions
Tooth loss causally increased depression among US adults. Losing ten or more teeth had an impact comparable to adults with major depressive disorder not receiving antidepressant drugs.
Non‐Stationary Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessments Incorporating Climate‐Change‐Driven Sea Level Rise
Authors: Sepúlveda Ignacio , Haase Jennifer S. , Liu Philip L.‐F. , Grigoriu Mircea , Winckler Patricio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe face a new era in the assessment of multiple natural hazards whose statistics are becoming alarmingly non‐stationary due to ubiquitous long‐term changes in climate. One particular case is tsunami hazard affected by climate‐change‐driven sea level rise (SLR). A traditional tsunami hazard assessment approach where SLR is omitted or included as a constant sea‐level offset in a probabilistic calculation may misrepresent the impacts of climate‐change. In this paper, a general method called non‐stationary probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment (nPTHA), is developed to include the long‐term time‐varying changes in mean sea level. The nPTHA is based on a non‐stationary Poisson process model, which takes advantage of the independence of arrivals within non‐overlapping time‐intervals to specify a temporally varying hazard mean recurrence rate, affected by SLR. The nPTHA is applied to the South China Sea (SCS) for tsunamis generated by earthquakes in the Manila Subduction Zone. The method provides unique and comprehensive results for inundation hazard, combining tsunami and SLR at a specific location over a given exposure time. The results show that in the SCS, SLR has a significant impact when its amplitude is comparable to that of tsunamis with moderate probability of exceedance. The SLR and its associated uncertainty produce an impact on nPTHA results comparable to that caused by the uncertainty in the earthquake recurrence model. These findings are site‐specific and must be analyzed for different regions. The proposed methodology, however, is sufficiently general to include other non‐stationary phenomena and can be exploited for other hazards affected by SLR.
Application of Turbulent Diffusion Term of Aerosols in Mesoscale Model
Authors: Jia Wenxing , Zhang Xiaoye , Zhang Hongsheng , Ren Yan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe presence of unfavorable meteorological conditions triggers pollution, and then further weakens turbulence, especially in the stable boundary layer (SBL), which is a frequent situation in heavy pollution episodes in China. The inapplicability of the classical Monin‐Obukhov similarity theory and the uncertainty of the planetary boundary layer height can lead to large deviation of turbulent diffusion in the SBL in numerical simulations. However, in current mesoscale models, no term has been used to accurately describe the turbulent diffusion of aerosols. Therefore, we use the Mixing‐Length theory to obtain the turbulent diffusion term of aerosols based on high‐resolution observational data, and, for the first time, embed this term into a mesoscale model, which makes the turbulent diffusion process of aerosols more truly depicted. Results from a two‐way coupled atmospheric‐chemistry mesoscale model demonstrate that the turbulent diffusion term of aerosols can improve the problem of overestimated PM2.5 concentration in Eastern China.
Identifying nootropic drug targets via large-scale cognitive GWAS and transcriptomics
Authors: Lam Max , Chen Chia-Yen , Ge Tian , Xia Yan , Hill David W. , Trampush Joey W. , Yu Jin , Knowles Emma , Davies Gail , Stahl Eli A. , Huckins Laura , Liewald David C. , Djurovic Srdjan , Melle Ingrid , Christoforou Andrea , Reinvang Ivar , DeRosse Pamela , Lundervold Astri J. , Steen Vidar M. , Espeseth Thomas , Räikkönen Katri , Widen Elisabeth , Palotie Aarno , Eriksson Johan G. , Giegling Ina , Konte Bettina , Hartmann Annette M. , Roussos Panos , Giakoumaki Stella , Burdick Katherine E. , Payton Antony , Ollier William , Chiba-Falek Ornit , Koltai Deborah C. , Need Anna C. , Cirulli Elizabeth T. , Voineskos Aristotle N. , Stefanis Nikos C. , Avramopoulos Dimitrios , Hatzimanolis Alex , Smyrnis Nikolaos , Bilder Robert M. , Freimer Nelson B. , Cannon Tyrone D. , London Edythe , Poldrack Russell A. , Sabb Fred W. , Congdon Eliza , Conley Emily Drabant , Scult Matthew A. , Dickinson Dwight , Straub Richard E. , Donohoe Gary , Morris Derek , Corvin Aiden , Gill Michael , Hariri Ahmad R. , Weinberger Daniel R. , Pendleton Neil , Bitsios Panos , Rujescu Dan , Lahti Jari , Le Hellard Stephanie , Keller Matthew C. , Andreassen Ole A. , Deary Ian J. , Glahn David C. , Huang Hailiang , Liu Chunyu , Malhotra Anil K. , Lencz Todd 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBroad-based cognitive deficits are an enduring and disabling symptom for many patients with severe mental illness, and these impairments are inadequately addressed by current medications. While novel drug targets for schizophrenia and depression have emerged from recent large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of these psychiatric disorders, GWAS of general cognitive ability can suggest potential targets for nootropic drug repurposing. Here, we (1) meta-analyze results from two recent cognitive GWAS to further enhance power for locus discovery; (2) employ several complementary transcriptomic methods to identify genes in these loci that are credibly associated with cognition; and (3) further annotate the resulting genes using multiple chemoinformatic databases to identify “druggable” targets. Using our meta-analytic data set (N = 373,617), we identified 241 independent cognition-associated loci (29 novel), and 76 genes were identified by 2 or more methods of gene identification. Actin and chromatin binding gene sets were identified as novel pathways that could be targeted via drug repurposing. Leveraging our transcriptomic and chemoinformatic databases, we identified 16 putative genes targeted by existing drugs potentially available for cognitive repurposing.
MFG-E8 regulated by miR-99b-5p protects against osteoarthritis by targeting chondrocyte senescence and macrophage reprogramming via the NF-κB pathway
Authors: Lu Yuheng , Liu Liangliang , Pan Jianying , Luo Bingsheng , Zeng Hua , Shao Yan , Zhang Hongbo , Guan Hong , Guo Dong , Zeng Chun , Zhang Rongkai , Bai Xiaochun , Zhang Haiyan , Cai Daozhang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMilk fat globule-epidermal growth factor (EGF) factor 8 (MFG-E8), as a necessary bridging molecule between apoptotic cells and phagocytic cells, has been widely studied in various organs and diseases, while the effect of MFG-E8 in osteoarthritis (OA) remains unclear. Here, we identified MFG-E8 as a key factor mediating chondrocyte senescence and macrophage polarization and revealed its role in the pathology of OA. We found that MFG-E8 expression was downregulated both locally and systemically as OA advanced in patients with OA and in mice after destabilization of the medial meniscus surgery (DMM) to induce OA. MFG-E8 loss caused striking progressive articular cartilage damage, synovial hyperplasia, and massive osteophyte formation in OA mice, which was relieved by intra-articular administration of recombinant mouse MFG-E8 (rmMFG-E8). Moreover, MFG-E8 restored chondrocyte homeostasis, deferred chondrocyte senescence and reprogrammed macrophages to the M2 subtype to alleviate OA. Further studies showed that MFG-E8 was inhibited by miR-99b-5p, expression of which was significantly upregulated in OA cartilage, leading to exacerbation of experimental OA partially through activation of NF-κB signaling in chondrocytes. Our findings established an essential role of MFG-E8 in chondrocyte senescence and macrophage reprogramming during OA, and identified intra-articular injection of MFG-E8 as a potential therapeutic target for OA prevention and treatment.
Muscle regeneration controlled by a designated DNA dioxygenase
Authors: Wang Hongye , Huang Yile , Yu Ming , Yu Yang , Li Sheng , Wang Huating , Sun Hao , Li Bing , Xu Guoliang , Hu Ping 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTet dioxygenases are responsible for the active DNA demethylation. The functions of Tet proteins in muscle regeneration have not been well characterized. Here we find that Tet2, but not Tet1 and Tet3, is specifically required for muscle regeneration in vivo. Loss of Tet2 leads to severe muscle regeneration defects. Further analysis indicates that Tet2 regulates myoblast differentiation and fusion. Tet2 activates transcription of the key differentiation modulator Myogenin (MyoG) by actively demethylating its enhancer region. Re-expressing of MyoG in Tet2 KO myoblasts rescues the differentiation and fusion defects. Further mechanistic analysis reveals that Tet2 enhances MyoD binding by demethylating the flanking CpG sites of E boxes to facilitate the recruitment of active histone modifications and increase chromatin accessibility and activate its transcription. These findings shed new lights on DNA methylation and pioneer transcription factor activity regulation.
FOXM1 repression increases mitotic death upon antimitotic chemotherapy through BMF upregulation
Authors: Vaz Sara , Ferreira Fábio J. , Macedo Joana C. , Leor Gil , Ben-David Uri , Bessa José , Logarinho Elsa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInhibition of spindle microtubule (MT) dynamics has been effectively used in cancer treatment. Although the mechanisms by which MT poisons elicit mitotic arrest are fairly understood, efforts are still needed towards elucidating how cancer cells respond to antimitotic drugs owing to cytotoxicity and resistance side effects. Here, we identified the critical G2/M transcription factor Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) as a molecular determinant of cell response to antimitotics. We found FOXM1 repression to increase death in mitosis (DiM) due to upregulation of the BCL-2 modifying factor (BMF) gene involved in anoikis, an apoptotic process induced upon cell detachment from the extracellular matrix. FOXM1 binds to a BMF intronic cis-regulatory element that interacts with both the BMF and the neighbor gene BUB1B promoter regions, to oppositely regulate their expression. This mechanism ensures that cells treated with antimitotics repress BMF and avoid DiM when FOXM1 levels are high. In addition, we show that this mechanism is partly disrupted in anoikis/antimitotics-resistant tumor cells, with resistance correlating with lower BMF expression but in a FOXM1-independent manner. These findings provide a stratification biomarker for antimitotic chemotherapy response.
Long non-coding RNA Xist regulates oocyte loss via suppressing miR-23b-3p/miR-29a-3p maturation and upregulating STX17 in perinatal mouse ovaries
Authors: Zhou Meng , Liu Xiaoqiu , Qiukai E. , Shang Yanxing , Zhang Xiaoqian , Liu Shuting , Zhang Xuesen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe fecundity of female mammals is resolved by the limited size of the primordial follicle (PF) pool formed perinatally. The establishment of PF pool is accompanied by a significant programmed oocyte death. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) are central modulators in regulating cell apoptosis or autophagy in multiple diseases, however, the significance of lncRNAs governing perinatal oocyte loss remains unknown. Here we find that Yin-Yang 1 (YY1) directly binds to the lncRNA X-inactive-specific transcript (Xist) promoter and facilitates Xist expression in the perinatal mouse ovaries. Xist is highly expressed in fetal ovaries and sharply downregulated along with the establishment of PF pool after birth. Gain or loss of function analysis reveals that Xist accelerates oocyte autophagy, mainly through binding to pre-miR-23b or pre-miR-29a in the nucleus and preventing the export of pre-miR-23b/pre-miR-29a to the cytoplasm, thus resulting in decreased mature of miR-23b-3p/miR-29a-3p expression and upregulation miR-23b-3p/miR-29a-3p co-target, STX17, which is essential for timely control of the degree of oocyte death in prenatal mouse ovaries. Overall, these findings identify Xist as a key non-protein factor that can control the biogenesis of miR-23b-3p/miR-29a-3p, and this YY1-Xist-miR-23b-3p/miR-29a-3p-STX17 regulatory axis is responsible for perinatal oocyte loss through autophagy.
Understanding disorder and linker deficiency in porphyrinic zirconium-based metal–organic frameworks by resolving the Zr8O6 cluster conundrum in PCN-221
Authors: Koschnick Charlotte , Stäglich Robert , Scholz Tanja , Terban Maxwell W. , von Mankowski Alberto , Savasci Gökcen , Binder Florian , Schökel Alexander , Etter Martin , Nuss Jürgen , Siegel Renée , Germann Luzia S. , Ochsenfeld Christian , Dinnebier Robert E. , Senker Jürgen , Lotsch Bettina V. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPorphyrin-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), exemplified by MOF-525, PCN-221, and PCN-224, are promising systems for catalysis, optoelectronics, and solar energy conversion. However, subtle differences between synthetic protocols for these three MOFs give rise to vast discrepancies in purported product outcomes and description of framework topologies. Here, based on a comprehensive synthetic and structural analysis spanning local and long-range length scales, we show that PCN-221 consists of Zr6O4(OH)4 clusters in four distinct orientations within the unit cell, rather than Zr8O6 clusters as originally published, and linker vacancies at levels of around 50%, which may form in a locally correlated manner. We propose disordered PCN-224 (dPCN-224) as a unified model to understand PCN-221, MOF-525, and PCN-224 by varying the degree of orientational cluster disorder, linker conformation and vacancies, and cluster–linker binding. Our work thus introduces a new perspective on network topology and disorder in Zr-MOFs and pinpoints the structural variables that direct their functional properties.
Twin boundary defect engineering improves lithium-ion diffusion for fast-charging spinel cathode materials
Authors: Wang Rui , Chen Xin , Huang Zhongyuan , Yang Jinlong , Liu Fusheng , Chu Mihai , Liu Tongchao , Wang Chaoqi , Zhu Weiming , Li Shuankui , Li Shunning , Zheng Jiaxin , Chen Jie , He Lunhua , Jin Lei , Pan Feng , Xiao Yinguo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDefect engineering on electrode materials is considered an effective approach to improve the electrochemical performance of batteries since the presence of a variety of defects with different dimensions may promote ion diffusion and provide extra storage sites. However, manipulating defects and obtaining an in-depth understanding of their role in electrode materials remain challenging. Here, we deliberately introduce a considerable number of twin boundaries into spinel cathodes by adjusting the synthesis conditions. Through high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy and neutron diffraction, the detailed structures of the twin boundary defects are clarified, and the formation of twin boundary defects is attributed to agminated lithium atoms occupying the Mn sites around the twin boundary. In combination with electrochemical experiments and first-principles calculations, we demonstrate that the presence of twin boundaries in the spinel cathode enables fast lithium-ion diffusion, leading to excellent fast charging performance, namely, 75% and 58% capacity retention at 5 C and 10 C, respectively. These findings demonstrate a simple and effective approach for fabricating fast-charging cathodes through the use of defect engineering.
Dynamic manipulation of droplets using mechanically tunable microtextured chemical gradients
Authors: Mazaltarim Ali J. , Bowen John J. , Taylor Jay M. , Morin Stephen A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMaterials and strategies applicable to the dynamic transport of microdroplets are relevant to surface fluidics, self-cleaning materials, thermal management systems, and analytical devices. Techniques based on electrowetting, topographic micropatterns, and thermal/chemical gradients have advanced considerably, but dynamic microdroplet transport remains a challenge. This manuscript reports the fabrication of mechano-tunable, microtextured chemical gradients on elastomer films and their use in controlled microdroplet transport. Specifically, discreet mechanical deformations of these films enabled dynamic tuning of the microtextures and thus transport along surface-chemical gradients. The interplay between the driving force of the chemical gradient and the microtopography was characterized, facilitating accurate prediction of the conditions (droplet radius and roughness) which supported transport. In this work, the use of microtextured surface chemical gradients in mechano-adaptive materials with microdroplet manipulation functionality was highlighted.
Epigenomic profiling of primate lymphoblastoid cell lines reveals the evolutionary patterns of epigenetic activities in gene regulatory architectures
Authors: García-Pérez Raquel , Esteller-Cucala Paula , Mas Glòria , Lobón Irene , Di Carlo Valerio , Riera Meritxell , Kuhlwilm Martin , Navarro Arcadi , Blancher Antoine , Di Croce Luciano , Gómez-Skarmeta José Luis , Juan David , Marquès-Bonet Tomàs 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChanges in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression have a central role in evolution. Here, we extensively profiled a panel of human, chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan, and macaque lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs), using ChIP-seq for five histone marks, ATAC-seq and RNA-seq, further complemented with whole genome sequencing (WGS) and whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS). We annotated regulatory elements (RE) and integrated chromatin contact maps to define gene regulatory architectures, creating the largest catalog of RE in primates to date. We report that epigenetic conservation and its correlation with sequence conservation in primates depends on the activity state of the regulatory element. Our gene regulatory architectures reveal the coordination of different types of components and highlight the role of promoters and intragenic enhancers (gE) in the regulation of gene expression. We observe that most regulatory changes occur in weakly active gE. Remarkably, novel human-specific gE with weak activities are enriched in human-specific nucleotide changes. These elements appear in genes with signals of positive selection and human acceleration, tissue-specific expression, and particular functional enrichments, suggesting that the regulatory evolution of these genes may have contributed to human adaptation.
Yeast cell fate control by temporal redundancy modulation of transcription factor paralogs
Authors: Wu Yan , Wu Jiaqi , Deng Minghua , Lin Yihan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecent single-cell studies have revealed that yeast stress response involves transcription factors that are activated in pulses. However, it remains unclear whether and how these dynamic transcription factors temporally interact to regulate stress survival. Here we show that budding yeast cells can exploit the temporal relationship between paralogous general stress regulators, Msn2 and Msn4, during stress response. We find that individual pulses of Msn2 and Msn4 are largely redundant, and cells can enhance the expression of their shared targets by increasing their temporal divergence. Thus, functional redundancy between these two paralogs is modulated in a dynamic manner to confer fitness advantages for yeast cells, which might feed back to promote the preservation of their redundancy. This evolutionary implication is supported by evidence from Msn2/Msn4 orthologs and analyses of other transcription factor paralogs. Together, we show a cell fate control mechanism through temporal redundancy modulation in yeast, which may represent an evolutionarily important strategy for maintaining functional redundancy between gene duplicates.