bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of nicotine pathway downregulation on polyamine biosynthesis and leaf ripening in tobacco
Authors: Nölke Greta , Chudobova Ivana , Houdelet Marcel , Volke Daniel , Lusso Marcos , Frederick Jesse , Kudithipudi Chengalrayan , Shen Yanxin , Warek Ujwala , Strickland James A. , Xu Dongmei , Schinkel Helga , Schillberg Stefan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTraditional breeding and molecular approaches have been used to develop tobacco varieties with reduced nicotine and secondary alkaloid levels. However, available low‐alkaloid tobacco varieties have impaired leaf quality likely due to the metabolic consequences of nicotine biosynthesis downregulation. Recently, we found evidence that the unbalanced crosstalk between nicotine and polyamine pathways is involved in impaired leaf ripening of a low‐alkaloid (LA) Burley 21 line having a mutation at the Nic1 and Nic2 loci, key biosynthetic regulators of nicotine biosynthesis. Since the Nic1 and Nic2 loci are comprised of several genes, all phenotypic changes seen in LA Burley 21 could be due to a mixture of genetics‐based responses. Here, we investigated the commercial burley variety TN90 LC and its transgenic versions with only one downregulated gene, either putrescine methyl transferase (PMT‐RNAi) or PR50‐protein (PR50‐RNAi). Nicotine levels of cured lamina of TN90 LC, TN90 PMT‐RNAi and TN90 PR50‐RNAi, were 70.5 ± 3.8, 2.4 ± 0.5, and 6.0 ± 1.1 mg/g dry weight, respectively. Low‐alkaloid transgenic lines showed delayed leaf maturation and impaired leaf quality. We analyzed polyamine contents and ripening markers in wild‐type TN90 control plants (WT) and the two transgenic lines. The ripening markers revealed that the PMT‐RNAi line showed the most pronounced impaired leaf maturation phenotype at harvest, characterized by higher chlorophyll (19%) and glucose (173%) contents and more leaf mesophyll cells per area (25%), while the ripening markers revealed that maturation of PR50‐RNAi plants was intermediate between PMT‐RNAi and WT lines. Comparative polyamine analyses showed an increase in free and conjugated polyamines in roots of both transgenic lines, this being most pronounced in the PMT‐RNAi plants. For PMT‐RNAi plants, there were further perturbations of polyamine content in the leaves, which mirrored the general phenotype, as PR50‐RNAi transgenic plants looked more similar to the WT than PMT‐RNAi transgenic plants. Activity of ornithine decarboxylase, the enzyme that catalyzes the committing step of polyamine biosynthesis, was significantly higher in roots and mature leaves of PMT‐RNAi plants in comparison to WT, while there was no increase observed for arginine decarboxylase. Treatment of both transgenic lines with polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors decreased the polyamine content and ameliorated the phenotype, confirming the intricate interplay of polyamine and nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco and the influence of this interplay on leaf ripening.
Pneumopericardium secondary to oesophageal cancer presenting as myocardial infarction: a case report
Authors: Shih Yu‐Shan , Chen Pei‐Hsing , Hsu Hsao‐Hsun , Tseng Yu‐Ding 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe diagnosis of pneumopericardium can be challenging, as the symptoms are sometimes non‐specific and can mimic those of other diseases. Especially, focal pneumopericardium presenting with regional ST‐segment elevation on the electrocardiogram can be difficult to diagnose. Here, we present the case of a patient with pneumopericardium secondary to oesophageal cancer that was first diagnosed with community‐acquired pneumonia and subsequently classified with acute coronary syndrome after an episode of cardiac arrest. The most prominent indication initially observed in this case was the history of oesophageal cancer and the presence of radiolucent areas in the heart under pleural effusion. When an unknown origin collapse develops in patients with oesophageal cancer, pneumopericardium should always be excluded, especially in cases where the cardiogenic shock is strongly suspected.
Quantifying the risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 reinfection over time
Authors: O Murchu Eamon , Byrne Paula , Carty Paul G. , De Gascun Cillian , Keogan Mary , O’Neill Michelle , Harrington Patricia , Ryan Máirín 
Published: May 2021

SummaryDespite over 140 million SARS‐CoV‐2 infections worldwide since the beginning of the pandemic, relatively few confirmed cases of SARS‐CoV‐2 reinfection have been reported. While immunity from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is probable, at least in the short term, few studies have quantified the reinfection risk. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review to synthesise the evidence on the risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 reinfection over time. A standardised protocol was employed, based on Cochrane methodology. Electronic databases and preprint servers were searched from 1 January 2020 to 19 February 2021. Eleven large cohort studies were identified that estimated the risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 reinfection over time, including three that enrolled healthcare workers and two that enrolled residents and staff of elderly care homes. Across studies, the total number of PCR‐positive or antibody‐positive participants at baseline was 615,777, and the maximum duration of follow‐up was more than 10 months in three studies. Reinfection was an uncommon event (absolute rate 0%–1.1%), with no study reporting an increase in the risk of reinfection over time. Only one study estimated the population‐level risk of reinfection based on whole genome sequencing in a subset of patients; the estimated risk was low (0.1% [95% CI: 0.08–0.11%]) with no evidence of waning immunity for up to 7 months following primary infection. These data suggest that naturally acquired SARS‐CoV‐2 immunity does not wane for at least 10 months post‐infection. However, the applicability of these studies to new variants or to vaccine‐induced immunity remains uncertain.
Reliability evaluation of concrete‐filled steel tube arch bridge based on DBN‐PSOSA hybrid algorithm
Authors: Lu Pengzhen , Xu Zijie , Hong Tao , Wu Ying , Li Dengguo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhen traditional response surface method is used to evaluate the reliability of concrete‐filled steel tubular arch bridge, due to its complex structure and highly nonlinear implicit function, the response surface fitting accuracy is not high, and the reliability accuracy is difficult to meet the requirements of design specifications. In order to solve the above problems, this paper chooses dynamic Bayesian networks (DBN) which is suitable for solving the problem of multiple state unit or system uncertainty to build implicit function of the response surface function. And this paper combines DBN and particle swarm optimization algorithm based on simulated annealing algorithm (PSOSA) to improve efficiency of model parameter optimization. It can make the construction of implicit function simulate the real structure of the limit state function. Then this paper verifies the suitability for this kind of complex structure reliability assessment of DBN‐PSOSA hybrid algorithm. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, and the reliability of a concrete filled steel tube arch bridge project is evaluated. The results show that this method improves the calculation accuracy and efficiency.
The Interactional Organization of Video‐Mediated Collaborative Writing: Focus on Repair Practices
Authors: Balaman Ufuk 
Published: May 2021

AbstractComputer‐supported collaborative writing in online interactional settings has long been a central research topic in TESOL at the interface of social interaction and writing. Although some studies focused on side‐by‐side participants’ social interactions for the co‐production of texts, geographically dispersed participants’ video‐mediated interactional practices for collaborative writing in digital spaces have largely remained a research gap. Using multimodal conversation analysis for the examination of screen recordings data, the study sets out to explore the interactional organization of collaborative writing in Google Docs via Skype. More specifically, the study limits its focus to the co‐construction of a single sentence within a second language telecollaborative writing task. The close analysis of the procedural unfolding of the writing activity shows that repair organization is central to the practice of collaborative writing and the participants move the text forward largely in an environment of repair sequences. This also brings further insights into the complex ecology of video‐mediated interactions for writing activities in digital spaces. All in all, this study describes the discursive aspect of computer‐supported collaborative writing in English as a foreign language and provides implications for future practices.
Convergent Bayesian global fits of 4D composite Higgs models
Authors: Carragher Ethan , Handley Will , Murnane Daniel , Stangl Peter , Su Wei , White Martin , Williams Anthony G. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Models in which the Higgs boson is a composite pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson offer attractive solutions to the Higgs mass naturalness problem. We consider three such models based on the minimal SO(5) → SO(4) symmetry breaking pattern, and perform convergent global fits on the models under a Bayesian framework in order to find the regions of their parameter spaces that best fit a wide range of constraints, including recent Higgs measurements. We use a novel technique to analyse the fine-tuning of the models, quantifying the tuning as the Kullback-Leibler divergence from the prior to the posterior probability on the parameter space. Each model is found to be able to satisfy all constraints at the 3σ level simultaneously. As a by-product of the fits, we analyse the collider phenomenology of our models in these viable regions. In two of the three models, we find that the gg → H → γγ cross section is less than ∼90% that predicted by the SM, which is already in slight tension with experiment and could potentially be ruled out in the future high-luminosity run of the LHC. In addition, the lightest fermions F arising from the new strong dynamics in these models are seen in general to lie above ∼1.1 TeV, with the F → tW+ and F → $$ \overline{b}{W}^{+} $$

b
¯

W
+

decays offering particularly promising channels for probing these models in future collider searches.
Nigerian Surgical Trainees’ Work Schedule: It is Time for a Change!
Authors: Ubom Akaninyene Eseme , Adesunkanmi AbdulHafiz Oladapo , Ndegbu Chinedu Udochukwu , Balogun Simon Adewale , Ajekwu Samuel Chibuzo , Sowemimo Sinmidele Olamiposi , Olugbami Adebayo Moses , Ekhaiyeme Philip Ade , Olasehinde Olalekan , Awowole Ibraheem Olayemi , Ijarotimi Omotade Adebimpe 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundUnregulated work schedules have deleterious effects on trainees’ productivity and patients’ safety. For these reasons, duty hours have been capped in many developed countries. Such regulations, however, appear to be lacking in many parts of Africa, and the effects of unregulated work hours in this part of the world have only been scantily documented. This study evaluated the work schedule of Nigerian surgical trainees, and its impact on their wellbeing, as well as assessed the perception of trainees towards capped duty hours.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey of 650 Nigerian Resident Doctors in surgical specialties was conducted in November 2020. Enquiries were made about their work schedules using a purpose‐designed questionnaire, developed using Google Forms®. The data were analysed using the IBM SPSS version 23.ResultsThe mean weekly work hours of surgical residents was 122.72 ± 34.17 h. Majority (228, 40.4%) of the residents had cumulative call hours of ≥ 72 h per week. One‐half (283, 50.1%) of them worked continuously for up to 48–72 h during calls, with mean daily sleep hours of 3.53 ± 1.42 h during calls. The majority (558, 98.8%) of respondents had post‐call clinical responsibilities. Seventy‐five percent of the respondents reported hazards from prolonged work hours, and an overwhelming majority (530, 93.8%) desire official limits on work hours.ConclusionProlonged, unregulated work schedules appear to be the norm among Nigerian surgical trainees. This trend calls for urgent measures, to avoid potentially catastrophic consequences on both physicians and patients.
The characteristics and related factors of insomnia among postoperative patients with gastric cancer: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Zhu Guang-hui , Li Juan , Li Jie , Xu Bo-wen , Wang He-ping , Wang Xin-miao , Hu Jia-qi , Dai Ming-hao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study aims to explore the characteristics and related factors of insomnia of patients after operation for gastric cancer.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was carried out and finally 115 patients with insomnia after operation for gastric cancer were included. The general information, gastric cancer-related information, sleep quality, and other symptoms were investigated.Results① The Pittsburgh sleep quality index score of most insomnia patients after gastric cancer surgery was 11-15 points, and the sleep quality rating was “poor”. ② The sleep quality of patients with insomnia after surgery for gastric cancer is related to the number of chemotherapy cycles, fatigue, and depression. ③ The probability of reduced sleep quality with the number of chemotherapy cycles >6 is 3.640 times that of ≤6. The probability of reduced sleep quality during moderate to severe fatigue was 4.390 times that of patients with no or mild fatigue.ConclusionAttention to related factors may be associated with improvement of sleep quality in patients with gastric cancer after surgery.
Integration of maintenance scheduling and planning for large-scale asset fleets
Authors: Schulze Spüntrup Frederik , Ave Giancarlo Dalle , Imsland Lars , Harjunkoski Iiro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLarge fleets of engineering assets that are subject to ongoing degradation are posing the challenge of how and when to perform maintenance. For a given case study, this paper proposes a formulation for combined scheduling and planning of maintenance actions. A hierarchical approach and a two-stage approach (with either uniform or non-uniform time grid) are considered and compared to each other. The resulting discrete-time linear programming model follows the Resource Task Network framework. Asset deterioration is considered linearly and tackled with an enumerator-based formulation. Advantages of the model are its computational efficiency, scalability, extendability and adaptability. The results indicate that combined maintenance planning and scheduling can be solved in appropriate time and with appropriate accuracy. The decision-support that is delivered helps the choice of the specific maintenance action to perform and proposes when to conduct it. The paper makes a case for the benefits of optimally combining long-term planning and short-term scheduling in industrial-sized problems into one system.
IgG4-Related Disease as Mimicker of Malignancy
Authors: Zhou WanLi , Murray Timothy , Cartagena Liliana , Lim Howard , Schaeffer David F. , Slack Graham W. , Skinnider Brian F. , Lam Eric , Irvine Robert , Chung Stephen , Mattman Andre , Chang Silvia D. , Carruthers Mollie N. , Chen Luke Y. C. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an immune-mediated disease that may present as a tumefactive lesion in nearly any organ. These mass lesions often resemble malignancy both clinically and radiologically, and some patients undergo surgical resection which could possibly be avoided with early recognition of IgG4-RD. We performed a retrospective single-center study examining how many patients with IgG4-RD were initially believed to have malignancy, with particular attention to those who underwent potentially avoidable surgical procedures.

Methods
Sixty-three patients with biopsy confirmed IgG4-related disease were included. Clinical, laboratory, radiological, and histological data were collected and analyzed.

Results
Over 60% of patients (38/63) were initially thought to have a malignancy when they initially presented with symptomatic IgG4-RD. The most common types of malignancy suspected were lymphoma (18/38) and pancreatic cancer (11/38). Of the 38 patients with suspected malignancy, 14 underwent an invasive intervention either to alleviate the severity of their symptoms or as treatment for their presumed malignancy. These included Whipple resection/attempted Whipple (3), nephrectomy (3), bile duct resection and reconstruction (1), removal of other abdominal/retroperitoneal masses (3), and stenting of obstructed organs (4).

Conclusion
IgG4-RD should be on the differential diagnosis of patients with mass lesions, in particular those with pancreatic masses and obstructive jaundice, extensive lymphadenopathy, or retroperitoneal masses. Oncologists and other physicians involved in cancer care should be aware of the various manifestations and diagnostic approach to IgG4-RD in order to provide accurate diagnosis and minimize unnecessary invasive procedures. While some procedures in this study, such as stenting of obstructed organs, were required regardless of diagnosis, others could have potentially been avoided or attenuated with early recognition of IgG4-RD. Patients with mass lesions suspicious for IgG4-RD should have serum protein electrophoresis, IgG subclass measurement, and, where possible, tissue biopsy before undergoing major surgical resection. Consultation with a physician experienced in IgG4-RD is recommended.
How Hayekian is Sunstein's behavioral economics?
Authors: Sugden Robert 
Published: May 2021

AbstractI comment on Sunstein's paper proposing ‘Hayekian behavioural economics’. In essence, Sunstein is merely renaming a familiar approach to normative economics, initiated in Sunstein and Thaler's seminal 2003 paper. I argue that this approach cannot fairly be described as in the spirit of Hayek's work. Sunstein's approach is based on a ‘constructivist’ conception of rationality that Hayek consistently criticized. Although both Hayek and Sunstein address ‘knowledge problems’, the two problems are fundamentally different. I develop what I claim are truly Hayekian critiques of Sunstein's claim that fuel economy mandates can be more Hayekian than carbon taxes.
More paternalism in the regulation of consumer financial investments? Private sector duties and public goods analysis
Authors: Chiu Iris H-Y 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPaternalistic forms of regulation for the retail investment market have been gradual and restrained, even though significant gaps exist between investors’ needs and market-based provision. As ordinary citizens reckon with a variety of savings needs and become financial citizens responsible for their own financial welfare provision, financial health is not merely an issue of individual fortunes but a social need. Adverse financial welfare consequences can at scale become a social issue, as is reflected in the social demands and critique entailing from the collapse of London and Capital Finance in the UK. The need for more regulatory paternalism goes beyond preventing mis-selling, and the outworking of welfare beyond point-of-sale remains relatively unconsidered. Post-sale welfare is, however, increasingly recognised for consumer credit and is slower to catch on in relation to savings needs and investments. This paper advocates that the regulator should not remain ambivalent about the need for more paternalistic interventions. Paternalistic protection is not only about shifting more burdens to the industry but also about the provision of public goods where there are standardised baseline needs for retail investors. This paper unpacks the roles of both the public and private sectors in addressing retail investors’ financial welfare needs.
Anger and Atonement in Mughal India: An alternative account of Akbar's 1578 hunt
Authors: TALBOT CYNTHIA 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAnger as an emotion is seldom attributed to Akbar (r. 1556–1605), the most admired of the Mughal emperors. Yet, on one notable day in 1578, he allegedly got so enraged that he almost lost his mind, according to Dalpat Vilas, an obscure chronicle composed in the vernacular. While the aftermath of Akbar's anger was reported in several Persian histories emanating from court circles, the royal rage itself was not. Why and how Dalpat Vilas ascribed anger, not only to the emperor but also to the local king, Raja Ray Singh of Bikaner, is the central issue addressed here. What little we know about the history of anger in precolonial India indicates it was an emotion that kings were advised to avoid, in both Sanskrit and Persian literature. But, from the more subaltern vantage point of Dalpat Vilas, written for a young Rajput warrior in a local dialect, rulers did act angrily and not always justly. This case illustrates the historiographic value of Indic-language texts sponsored by local subordinates of the Mughals, which can provide alternative perspectives on the empire. It also suggests the existence of multiple emotional communities in Mughal India, in which the significance of anger differed.
Transboundary air pollution and health: evidence from East Asia
Authors: Jung Jaehyun , Choi Anna , Yoon Semee 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOutdoor air pollution continues to be a challenging health issue, even as countries experience economic growth. By exploiting a unique transboundary setting in East Asia, we study the impact of an increase in particulate matter (PM) concentrations on fetal deaths. Due to the westerlies in the mid-latitudes, residents in South Korea at times experience intermittent exposure to high levels of air pollution. Using such atmospheric setting, we estimate a reduced-form impact of high PM events on fetal deaths, which capturesin uteroexposure to pollution. Controlling for local weather and pollution trends, regression results indicate that high PM events in Beijing lead to a significant increase in daily fetal mortality rates in Korea, by approximately 7.4 per cent. This research finding provides lower-bound estimates of not only negative spillovers manifested in fetal health but also the impact of pollution on the health of the Chinese population and calls for a need to tackle transboundary air pollution via international cooperation.
Envisioning ARPA‐C: A Transdisciplinary Institution for Radical Climate Research and Intervention
Authors: Badia Lynn , Plaut Josette M. , von Fischer Joseph C. , Volckens John , Muhs Jeff 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPresident Joe Biden's administration is poised to make a significant investment in climate research, including the creation of ARPA‐C (Advanced Research Projects Agency–Climate). This commentary serves to promote discourse on ARPA‐C and the future of government‐led climate research. Here, we propose a revolutionary leap to the ARPA model that incorporates a focus on culture and equity in a unique institutional structure anchored by transdisciplinarity. With ARPA‐C, we argue for a radical rethinking of climate interventions that reconciles and evolves the relationship between social, technical, and environmental systems, by finding integrated pathways to improvement via a high‐risk, creative, and transformative climate action agenda. Without research that can address the network of causal relationships across multiple scales, systems, and nations, programmatic models for climate research and implementation are unlikely to succeed.