bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capturing the Challenges in Assessing Writing
Authors: Dockrell Julie E. , Connelly Vincent 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines the assessment of writing as writers move from the initial stages of learning to write (novices) to becoming more proficient writers. Challenges in what to assess and how writing can be assessed are examined. Both writing product and process measures are considered and the impact of proximal and distal factors on writing outlined. Key decisions at all stages of the evaluation of the writing process are considered with a specific focus on the purpose of the assessment and current theories and models of writing development. Writing assessments need to capture writing proficiency in terms of fluency at word, sentence, and text level, efficiency of the translation process and flexibility across genres and purpose. The chapter ends by raising questions about the comparability of assessment measures across orthographies.
How Do Executive Functions Issues Affect Writing in Students with Neurodevelopmental Disorders?
Authors: Filipe Marisa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Given that deficits in executive functions (EF) and writing impairments are both characteristics of several neurodevelopmental disorders, this chapter explored how EF are related to writing performance in students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD), and specific learning disorders (i.e. dyslexia and dysgraphia). Although these neurodevelopmental disorders share similar features of executive dysfunction, the profiles between groups appear to differ, and different disorders have unique executive profiles. As these unique executive profiles have an impact on successful writing, it was intended to contribute to our understanding about the cognitive mechanisms (related with EF) that underlie writing development. Also, potential implications for clinical practice were discussed.
Broader Approaches to Defining, Assessing, and Strengthening Executive Control in Writing
Authors: McCloskey George 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Narrow definitions of executive function (EF) are contrasted with a broad perspective on executive control that compares Olive’s description of executive control of the writing process and Graham’s Writing within Communities (WWC) model with the Holarchical Model of Executive Control (HMEC). Assessment of EFs is discussed within the context of writing tasks rather than a domain-general perspective. Examples are provided demonstrating a cascading production analysis method for comparing norm-referenced writing test subtest scores to identify cascading production decrements. The evidence-based self-regulated strategy development (SRSD) approach to strengthening executive control to improve writing is compared to a generalized approach to strengthening executive control for multiple purposes derived from the HMEC and EF intervention research reviews. The chapter closes with a brief commentary on the past, present and future of researching and applying broad and narrow perspectives on strengthening executive control to help improve writing skills.
Executive Functions
Authors: Georgiou George 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Over the last decade a plethora of studies has explored the role of executive functions (EF) in academic achievement. The majority of these studies has focused on three subcomponents of EF: inhibition, shifting, and updating in working memory. As a result, much less attention has been paid to other subcomponents of EF, such as planning that is considered the pinnacle of EF. Thus, in this chapter, we turn to the origins of EF describing planning and how it fits within a broader model of writing. Finally, we describe a writing task (the Predicament Test) that allows individuals to integrate their plans of action with their feelings. In view of arguments that the nature of EF is ‘elusive’, planning is giving us a first-hand opportunity to rediscover EF by putting theory before factor analytic approaches.
The Future Role of Executive Functions in Education
Authors: Goldstein Sam , McGoldrick Keith D. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Educational institutions in the future will increasingly focus upon the development of executive functioning in educating and guiding students. It has been the case over the past 200 years that the responsibility for this important preparation has fallen increasingly upon our educational systems. To function effectively, the brain requires an executive system. There is an increasing awareness of the influence of this system and its importance in controlling and managing ability, knowledge, and capacity to problem solve. This chapter provides an overview of the science of executive functioning, in particular focusing upon the role of executive functioning in writing for meaning.
Intervals of Transition
Authors: Miller Tyrus 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Like other modernist artists in their media, Dziga Vertov sought a new language of cinema that would expand the intrinsic technical, communicative, and social capacities of the medium. His 1929 masterpiece, The Man with a Movie Camera, brings these aspirations to bear on film with a maximum of intensity. Vertov programmatically asserted that cinema should develop according to its own material laws and sought in The Man with a Movie Camera to employ a “100 percent film language.” He also intended his film as a manifesto of cinema’s critical place within Soviet life in the 1920s, highlighting the process of film production and reception itself. Vertov embraced the chaos of potential meanings in film material drawn from “life caught unaware”; while he saw his compositional activity as giving form to that chaos, he left substantial latitude for an open-ended generation of meanings, respondent to different situations and audiences.
Strigolactone signaling regulates cambial activity through repression of WOX4 by transcription factor BES1
Authors: Hu Jie , Hu Xiaotong , Yang Yang , He Chunmei , Hu Jin , Wang Xuelu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
During secondary growth, meristematic cells in the cambium can either proliferate to maintain the stem cell population or differentiate into xylem or phloem. The balance between these two developmental trajectories is tightly regulated by many environmental and endogenous cues. Strigolactones (SLs), a class of plant hormones, were previously reported to regulate secondary growth by promoting cambium activity. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of SL action in plant secondary growth are not well understood. We performed histological, genetic, and biochemical analyses using genetic materials in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) with altered activity of the transcription factors BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR1 (BES1) or WUSCHEL-related HOMEOBOX4 (WOX4) or lacking MORE AXILLARY SHOOT2 (MAX2), a key positive component in the SL signaling pathway. We found that BES1, a downstream regulator in the SL signaling pathway that promotes shoot branching and xylem differentiation, also inhibits WOX4 expression, a key regulator of cambium cell division in the intercellular TRACHEARY ELEMENT DIFFERENTIATION INHIBITORY FACTOR (TDIF)–TDIF RECEPTOR (TDR) signaling pathway. The antagonistic roles of BES1 and WOX4 in the regulation of cambium activity may integrate intercellular TDIF signals to efficiently and bidirectionally modulate cambium cell proliferation and differentiation. As both BES1 and WOX4 are widely involved in various endogenous signals and responses to environmental stimuli, these findings may provide insight into the dynamic regulation of cambium development.
Smoking enhances suicide risk—a significant role in the COVID-19 pandemic?
Authors: Sher L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak has severely affected the whole world. Considerable evidence suggests that tobacco smoking is associated with increased severity of COVID-19 and death in COVID-19 patients. Tobacco smoking cessation is necessary to decrease COVID-19-related hospitalizations and deaths. In this commentary, I suggest that tobacco smoking cessation is also needed to reduce suicidal behavior during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Significant evidence suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic leads to increased tobacco consumption as smokers use more tobacco to cope with pandemic-related stress, anxiety, depression and loneliness. Multiple studies have demonstrated that tobacco smoking is associated with suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, suicide death and a contributing factor in the pathophysiology of suicide. Smoking may increase the probability of development of post-COVID syndrome because it increases severity of COVID-19. Suicide risk may be increased in individuals with post-COVID syndrome. Smoking prevention and cessation should be a target of suicide prevention interventions during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic enhances the need to act to integrate tobacco smoking cessation in the health care as a standard of patient care.
Eigenvalues of Graph Laplacians Via Rank-One Perturbations
Authors: Klee Steven , Stamps Matthew T 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We show how the spectrum of a graph Laplacian changes with respect to a certain type of rank-one perturbation. We apply our finding to give new short proofs of the spectral version of Kirchhoff’s Matrix Tree Theorem and known derivations for the characteristic polynomials of the Laplacians for several well-known families of graphs, including complete, complete multipartite, crown and threshold graphs.
Geometric Decompositions of Surfaces with Spherical Metric and Conical Singularities
Authors: Tahar Guillaume 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We prove that any compact surface with constant positive curvature and conical singularities can be decomposed into irreducible components of standard shape, glued along geodesic arcs connecting conical singularities. This is a spherical analog of the geometric triangulations for flat surfaces with conical singularities. The irreducible components include not only spherical triangles but also other interesting spherical polygons. In particular, we present the class of half-spherical concave polygons that are spherical polygons without diagonals and that can be arbitrarily complicated. Finally, we introduce the notion of core as a geometric invariant in the settings of spherical surfaces. We use it to prove a reducibily result for spherical surfaces with a total conical angle at least $(10g-10+5n)2\pi$.
Bounded Conjugacy Classes, Commutators and Approximate Subgroups
Authors: Shumyatsky Pavel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Given a group G, we write gG for the conjugacy class of G containing the element g. A famous theorem of B. H. Neumann states that if G is a group in which all conjugacy classes are finite with bounded size, then the commutator subgroup Gʹ is finite. We establish the following results: Let $K,n$ be positive integers and G a group having a K-approximate subgroup A. If $|a^G|\leq n$ for each $a\in A$, then the commutator subgroup of $\langle A^G\rangle$ has finite (K, n)-bounded order. If $|[g,a]^G|\leq n$ for all $g\in G$ and $a\in A$, then the commutator subgroup of $[G,A]$ has finite (K, n)-bounded order.
MEASUREMENTS OF NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY IN SOIL SAMPLES FROM SOUTHERN ONTARIO AND ESTIMATION OF THE ACTIVITY CONCENTRATION INDEX IN BUILDING MATERIAL OF LOCAL ORIGIN
Authors: Chen Jing , Zhang Weihua 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper reports on the measurement of natural radionuclides in soil samples collected from southern Ontario, Canada. The mean activity concentrations in soil are 28, 28 and 641 Bq/kg for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, respectively. Assuming activity concentrations in masonry materials such as brick and concrete are similar to soil in the surrounding area, the activity concentration index for masonry materials of Southern Ontario origin is estimated as 0.45, ranging from 0.15 to 0.83. The results indicate that the annual effective dose from exposure to gamma radiation in buildings constructed using masonry materials of southern Ontario origin for all structures (floor, ceiling and walls) would be &lt;1 mSv.
Increasing self–other similarity modulates ethnic bias in sensorimotor resonance to others’ pain
Authors: Harjunen Ville Johannes , Sjö Petja , Ahmed Imtiaj , Saarinen Aino , Farmer Harry , Salminen Mikko , Järvelä Simo , Ruonala Antti , Jacucci Giulio , Ravaja Niklas 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The tendency to simulate the pain of others within our own sensorimotor systems is a vital component of empathy. However, this sensorimotor resonance is modulated by a multitude of social factors including similarity in bodily appearance, e.g. skin colour. The current study investigated whether increasing self–other similarity via virtual transfer to another colour body reduced ingroup bias in sensorimotor resonance. A sample of 58 white participants was momentarily transferred to either a black or a white body using virtual reality technology. We then employed electroencephalography to examine event-related desynchronization (ERD) in the sensorimotor beta (13–23 Hz) oscillations while they viewed black, white and violet photorealistic virtual agents being touched with a noxious or soft object. While the noxious treatment of a violet agent did not increase beta ERD, amplified beta ERD in response to black agent’s noxious vs soft treatment was found in perceivers transferred to a black body. Transfer to the white body dismissed the effect. Further exploratory analysis implied that the pain-related beta ERD occurred only when the agent and the participant were of the same colour. The results suggest that even short-lasting changes in bodily resemblance can modulate sensorimotor resonance to others’ perceived pain.
Experiencing happiness together facilitates dyadic coordination through the enhanced interpersonal neural synchronization
Authors: Li Yangzhuo , Chen Mei , Zhang Ruqian , Li Xianchun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractExperiencing positive emotions together facilitates interpersonal understanding and promotes subsequent social interaction among individuals. However, the neural underpinnings of such emotional-social effect remain to be discovered. The current study employed the functional near-infrared spectroscopy–based hyperscanning to investigate the abovementioned relationship. After participants in dyad watched movie clips with happily or neutral emotion, they were asked to perform the interpersonal cooperative task, with their neural activation of prefrontal cortex being recorded simultaneously via functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Results suggested that compared with the neutral movie watching together, a higher interpersonal neural synchronization (INS) in left inferior frontal gyrus during participant dyads watching happiness movie together was observed. Subsequently, dyads in happiness showed more effective coordination interaction during the interpersonal cooperation task compared to those in the neutral condition, and such facilitated effect was associated with increased cooperation-related INS at left middle frontal cortex. A mediation analysis showed that the coordination interaction fully mediated the relationship between the emotion-induced INS during the happiness movie-viewing and the cooperation-related INS in interpersonal cooperation. Taken together, our findings suggest that the faciliatory effect experiencing happiness together has on interpersonal cooperation can be reliably reflected by the INS magnitude at the brain level.
Predicting Clinical Outcomes in a Diabetic Foot Ulcer Population Using Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Lindberg John W. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To retrospectively evaluate a cohort of patients with diabetic foot ulcers to determine if the rate of microcirculatory flow detected by fluorescence imaging within the wound and surrounding tissue is associated with healing outcomes.

METHODS
Tissue perfusion parameters used for the current analysis were the ingress rate (IR) within the wound bed (R01) and in an area remote from the wound (REF), as well as time to first blush. Wounds were then categorized based on their outcome (healed, healing, chronic nonhealing, partial foot amputation, proximal amputation below the knee) and compared between patients with positive or negative wound healing outcomes.

RESULTS
The final study cohort included 61 wounds and demonstrated that a higher IR within R01 and REF areas was significantly associated with positive outcomes, whereas time to first blush was not. A two-predictor logistic model found a significant relationship between IR (R01 and REF) and odds of wound healing.

CONCLUSIONS
Fluorescence imaging evaluation of a diabetic foot ulcer can provide valuable information on healing outcomes that can help determine if a wound is progressing toward healing and therefore may help inform the need for advanced wound modalities, referrals, and amputation.
Xeroderma Pigmentosum Associated with Squamous and Basal Cell Carcinoma in Pakistan: A Case Series
Authors: Khan Mumtaz Ali , Akbar Nighat , Saeed Asim , Amir Afreenish , Ikram Aamer , Saleem Zikria 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by an extreme sensitivity to UV rays from sunlight. It presents clinically with progressive pigmentary abnormalities and an increased incidence of skin and mucous membrane cancers at sun-exposed sites. Parental consanguinity is a significant risk factor.
Previously, cases of XP have been reported from various regions of Pakistan including Larkana, Sibbi, Karachi, Lahore, and District Dir in 1993, 2009, and 2010. Genetic studies have been conducted on seven consanguineous families with XP belonging to the Khosa tribe of Baloch ethnicity. In May 2018, XP was reported in four siblings in a family from a small village in Sindh Province, Pakistan.
Current surveillance has been carried out in the tribal village of Lundi Khosa, District Kachhi at Baluchistan, Pakistan. The disease has been endemic in the tribe since 1986, although it was brought under control in the last few years. This case report describes five patients (aged 3–12 years) with XP who have developed nonmelanoma skin malignancies.
Maggot Debridement Therapy for Chronic Leg and Foot Ulcers: A Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Syam Kevin , Joiya Shaheer A. , Khan Sumayyah , Unnikrishnan P. Nithin 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To critically analyze the existing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the clinical, economic, and psychological implications of maggot debridement therapy (MDT).

DATA SOURCES
An exhaustive literature search for English-language publications was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed.

STUDY SELECTION
Keywords used for the search were based on the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) framework. The titles, abstracts, and relevant full-text articles were screened. Seven RCTs were selected after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

DATA EXTRACTION
Data pertaining to the primary and secondary outcomes of each study were extracted.

DATA SYNTHESIS
The data extracted were evaluated and categorized into clinical, economic, and psychological outcomes pertaining to MDT. A judicious evaluation of these outcomes was made, and the following conclusions were drawn.

CONCLUSIONS
There exists heterogeneity in the extant RCTs, but MDT appears to be effective for a quick early debridement. For diabetic foot ulcers, MDT improves debridement, controls infection, and enhances wound healing. In chronic peripheral vascular disease ulcers, it aids in early debridement, but the final outcome is equivocal. Further robust integrated health economic and parallel qualitative assessment studies are recommended to understand the cost-effectiveness and patient acceptability and experience.
Skin Autofluorescence as a Novel and Noninvasive Technology for Advanced Glycation End Products in Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Varikasuvu Seshadri Reddy , Varshney Saurabh , Sulekar Harish 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
Skin autofluorescence (SAF) has been suggested as a novel and noninvasive technique for assessing tissue accumulation of advanced glycation end products in diabetes and related complications. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the use of SAF in diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs).

DATA SOURCES
PubMed/MEDLINE and other digital databases.

STUDY SELECTION
The authors included studies comparing the SAF levels in patients with DFU with a non-DFU group to determine its association with DFU risk.

DATA EXTRACTION
Collected data included the SAF method and its values in DFU and non-DFU groups, covariates used in adjustment along with the unadjusted and/or multivariate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for the association of SAF with DFU risk, and other study characteristics.

DATA SYNTHESIS
A total of six studies were included in this meta-analysis. Five studies that involved 611 participants were included to compare SAF methods. Compared with the non-DFU group, the DFU group showed a significantly increased level of SAF (standardized mean difference, 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32–1.01; P < .001). The results of meta-analysis of ORs revealed that the increased SAF level was independently associated with increased DFU risk in both unadjusted (OR, 3.16; 95% CI, 2.18–4.57; P < .001) and adjusted models (OR, 3.07; 95% CI, 1.95–4.81; P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that SAF could be useful as a novel and noninvasive technology to help determine DFU risk. However, further studies establishing its diagnostic and prognostic utilities are needed.
Pharmacologic Recruitment of Endogenous Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells for the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Zabarsky Zachary K. , Luo Tianyi David , Ma Xue , Dean Gabriella M. , Smith Thomas L. 
Published: October 2021

Study Design.
Laboratory study using a rat T9 contusion model of spinal cord injury.

Objective.
This study aims to examine whether a combinatory treatment of Pioglitazone (PGZ) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) can support neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) directly and provide a sustainable microenvironment through immunomodulatory mechanisms.

Summary of Background Data.
Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the progression of spinal cord injury (SCI) and hinders NSPC-mediated repair and regeneration. Broad acting drugs that mitigate inflammation and support NSPC proliferation have not been tested together in SCI research models.

Methods.
Isolated NSPCs were treated with vehicle control, PGZ, GCSF, or both PGZ and GSCF for 24 hours and stained with proliferation marker Ki67. Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats sustained moderate-to-severe contusion-based SCI at T9 and were administered either vehicle control, PGZ, GCSF, or both PGZ and GCSF treatments.

Results.
Immunocytochemistry revealed that cultured NSPCs treated with both drugs produced higher numbers of actively proliferating cells and total cell numbers. ELISA on spinal cord tissue lysates at 1, 3, and 7 days post-injury (DPI) demonstrated that animals treated with PGZ, GCSF, or combination therapy showed significantly higher doublecortin levels at 7 DPI compared to control animals (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry of injured tissue at 3, 7, and 14 DPI revealed no difference of ependymal NSPC proliferation between groups, but showed a significant decrease in lesion size with combination therapy compared to controls. Functional recovery was assessed by the Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan locomotor rating scale. Animals treated with both drugs had significantly higher levels of function at 1 (P < 0.001), 3 (P < 0.001), 7 (P < 0.05), and 14 (P < 0.05) DPI compared to controls.

Conclusion.
These results indicate that PGZ and GCSF treatment synergistically enhance NSPCs numbers and improve functional recovery after SCI. Our findings support an immunomodulatory strategy to recruit native NSPCs as a potential acute care intervention for SCI.

Level of Evidence: N/A