bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimising planned medical education strategies to develop learners' person‐centredness: A realist review
Authors: Bansal Aarti , Greenley Sarah , Mitchell Caroline , Park Sophie , Shearn Katie , Reeve Joanne 
Published: November 2021

AbstractContextPerson‐centeredness is a stated aim for medical education; however, studies suggest this is not being achieved. There is a gap in our understanding of how, why and in what circumstances medical education interventions that aim to develop person‐centredness are successful.MethodsA realist review was conducted with a search of Medline, Embase, HMIC and ERIC databases and the grey literature using the terms ‘medical education’ and ‘person‐centred’ and related synonyms. Studies that involved a planned educational intervention in medical education with data on outcomes related to person‐centredness were included. The analysis focused on how and why different educational strategies interact with biomedical learner perspectives to trigger mechanisms that may or may not lead to a change in perspective towards person‐centredness.ResultsSixty‐one papers representing fifty‐three interventions were included in the final synthesis. Nine context–intervention–mechanism–outcome configuration (CIMOc) statements generated from the data synthesis make up our refined programme theory. Where educational interventions focused on communication skills learning or experiences without person‐centred theory, learners experienced dissonance with their biomedical perspective which they resolved by minimising the importance of the learning, resulting in perspective endurance. Where educational interventions applied person‐centred theory to meaningful experiences and included support for sense making, learners understood the relevance of person‐centeredness and felt able to process their responses to learning, resulting in perspective transformation towards person‐centredness.ConclusionOur findings offer explanations as to why communication skills‐based interventions may be insufficient to develop learners' person‐centredness. Integrating experiential person‐centred learning with theory on why person‐centredness matters to clinical practice and enabling learners to make sense of their responses to learning, may support perspective transformation towards person‐centredness. Our findings offer programme and policymakers testable theory to inform the development of medical education strategies that aim to support person‐centredness.
Should clinical automated perimetry be considered for routine functional assessment of early/intermediate age‐related macular degeneration (AMD)? A systematic review of current literature
Authors: Trinh Matt , Kalloniatis Michael , Nivison‐Smith Lisa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeThere is growing interest in functional testing for early/intermediate age‐related macular degeneration (iAMD). However, systematic evaluation of existing clinical functional tests is lacking. This systematic review examines evidence for using clinical automated perimetry in routine assessment of early/iAMD.Recent findingsPubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, and Embase were searched from inception to October 2020 to answer, is there evidence of visual field defects in early/iAMD, and if so, are early/iAMD visual field defects linked to real‐world patient outcomes? Articles using clinical automated perimetry (commercially accessible and non‐modified devices/protocols) were included. Microperimetry was excluded as this has yet to be incorporated into clinical guidelines. The primary outcome was global visual field indices including mean deviation (MD), pattern standard deviation (PSD), mean sensitivity (MS) and frequency of defects. The secondary outcome was any real‐world patient outcome including quality of life and/or activities of daily living indices. Twenty‐six studies were eligible for inclusion and all studies were observational. There was consistent evidence of worsened MD, PSD, MS and frequency of defects for early/iAMD compared to normal eyes under photopic, low‐photopic and scotopic conditions. Meta‐analysis of studies using standard automated perimetry (SAP) under photopic conditions revealed worsened MD (−1.52dB [−2.27, −0.78 dB]) and MS (−1.47dB [−2, −0.94 dB]) in early/iAMD compared to normal eyes, representing large statistical effect sizes but non‐clinically meaningful reductions. There was insufficient data for meta‐analyses regarding other clinical automated perimetry protocols. Only one study assessed a real‐world patient outcome (on‐road driving performance), with no significant link to visual field outcomes in early/iAMD.SummarySignificant reduction of global visual field indices is present in early/iAMD, but not clinically meaningful using SAP under photopic conditions. Translational relevance of visual field outcomes to patient outcomes in early/iAMD remains unclear. Thus, SAP under photopic conditions is unlikely to be useful for routine assessment of early/iAMD.
Repair Versus Non‐Repair of Lateral Ulnar Collateral Ligament in Elbow Varus Posteromedial Rotatory Instability Treatment: A Comparative Study
Authors: Zhang Xinan , Zhang Juntao , Jin Bo , Zhang Qiangqiang , Li Qi , Zhu Yongqiang , Zhao Desheng 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveTo compare the effects of repairing and not repairing the lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL) when surgically treating elbow varus posteromedial rotatory instability (PMRI).MethodsIn this retrospective study spanning June 2014 to February 2019, 24 patients with elbow PMRI who were treated surgically were assigned to group RL (Repair LUCL) or group NL (Non‐repair LUCL) depending on whether the LUCL was repaired. Hospitalization time, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and related complications were reviewed. The elbow range of motion (ROM), the visual analog scale (VAS), the Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS), and the disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) score were used for functional assessment.ResultsAmong the 24 patients with PMRI, 15 were assigned to group RL and nine were assigned to group NL. The mean blood loss (184.66 ± 20.3 vs 207.33 ± 19.447, P < 0.001), the operation time (98.88 ± 12.693 min vs 184.66 ± 20.3 min, P < 0.001) were significantly lower in group RL compared to group NL. There were no significant differences between the two groups in time until surgery and follow‐up time (6.66 ± 1.838 vs 6.11 ± 1.900 days, 25.53 ± 2.099 vs 26.11 ± 2.891 months, P = 0.577, P = 0.486). All of the patients achieved bone union. The elbow flexion‐extension ROM (122.00° ± 3.162°vs 121.11° ± 3.333° at 12 months, P = 0.520) and pronation‐supination ROM (154.53° ± 3.335° vs 155.55° ± 4.639° at 12 months, P = 0.537). Both groups achieved similar results in MEPS score (90.53 ± 2.695 vs 89.77 ± 3.865, P = 0.578) and DASH (9.77 ± 1.897 vs 9.99 ± 1.550, P = 0.772) score at the final follow‐up. And the MEPS score revealed excellent results (87% in group RL, 89% in group NL).The VAS scores decreased significantly in group RL (from 6.13 ± 0.990 to 1.93 ± 0.593) and group NL (from 5.77 ± 1.481 to 1.88 ± 0.781), and no significant differences in preoperative or final follow‐up were observed between the two groups (P = 0.487, P = 0.876). Complications observed in group NL with one patient occurred cubital tunnel syndrome 3 months after the operation, the patient underwent ulnar nerve simple neurolysis and the symptoms were relieved after 3 weeks.ConclusionFor patients with elbow PMRI, satisfactory functional outcomes can be yielded with non‐repair of the LUCL as long as the stable elbow joint is performed during operation.
Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimers Produced with Narrowband UVB Are on Average More Mutagenic than Those with Broadband UVB in Mouse Skin
Authors: Ikehata Hironobu , Yamamoto Masayuki 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTAlthough narrowband UVB (NB‐UVB) has replaced broadband UVB (BB‐UVB) because of its greater effectiveness in dermatological phototherapy, it is twice as carcinogenic as BB‐UVB at an equivalent inflammatory dose. To clarify the basis of the different genotoxicities, we comparatively evaluated the mutagenicities in mouse skin of the two UVB types along with their efficiencies in the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD), which is a major mutagenic DNA photolesion specifically produced by UVR. We found that the mutagenicity averaged per single molecule of CPD was 2.5‐ and 1.8‐fold higher in NB‐UVB‐exposed epidermis and dermis, respectively, which indicates that NB‐UVB is more mutagenic for the skin than BB‐UVB at doses producing an equimolar amount of CPD. Analysis of effective wavelengths for UV photolesion formation with each UVB source revealed a remarkable difference in the peak effective wavelengths for CPD formation: 15 nm longer for NB‐UVB in the epidermis. Although the analysis of mutation profiles showed largely similar UV‐specific signatures between the two UVB types, a relatively stronger preference for UVA‐specific mutations was observed for NB‐UVB. These results suggest that the difference in the effective wavelengths for CPD formation leads to the different mutagenicities and carcinogenicities between the UVB sources.
Why and how high volume hemodiafiltration may reduce cardiovascular mortality in stage 5 chronic kidney disease dialysis patients? A comprehensive literature review on mechanisms involved
Authors: Canaud Bernard , Blankestijn Peter J. , Grooteman Muriel P. C. , Davenport Andrew 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOnline hemodiafiltration (HDF) is an established renal replacement modality for patients with end stage chronic kidney disease that is now gaining rapid clinical acceptance worldwide. Currently, there is a growing body of evidence indicating that treatment with HDF is associated with better outcomes and reduced cardiovascular mortality for dialysis patients. In this comprehensive review, we provide an update on the potential mechanisms which may improve survival in HDF treated patients. The strongest evidence is for better hemodynamic stability and reduced endothelial dysfunction associated with HDF treatments. Clinically, this is marked by a reduced incidence of intradialytic hypotensive episodes, with a better hemodynamic response to ultrafiltration, mediated by an increase in total peripheral vascular resistance and extra‐vascular fluid recruitment, most likely driven by the negative thermal balance associated with online HDF therapy. In addition, endothelial function appears to be improved due to a combination of a reduction of the inflammatory and oxidative stress complex syndrome and exposure to circulating cardiovascular uremic toxins. Reports of reversed cardiovascular remodeling effects with HDF may be confounded by volume and blood pressure management, which are strongly linked to center clinical practices. Currently, treatment with HDF appears to improve the survival of dialysis patients predominantly due to a reduction in their cardiovascular burden, and this reduction is linked to the sessional convection volume exchanged.
Heidegger’s Phenomenological Concept of Violence
Authors: Breazu Remus 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article accounts for Heidegger’s phenomenological concept of violence from the period ofBeing and Time. Violence is relevant for Heidegger in two different contexts: (i) methodological, where we speak of hermeneutic violence, and (ii) thematic, where we should speak of existential violence. The former is grounded in the latter. In the first part of the article, I analyze hermeneutic violence, showing that this concept is ambiguous, and one has to distinguish between two different meanings of it. In the second part of the article, I show that at the core of the original sense lies the existential violence of bursting out of senselessness. In the final part, I contextualize Heidegger’s concept in light of the contemporary phenomenological developments of the phenomenon of violence, showing that existential violence is constitutive and has the peculiar character of being at the same time sense‐destroying and sense‐making.
Environment and Engagement in German Studies: Projects and Resources for Critical Environmental Thinking
Authors: Kost Kiley , Peabody Seth 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEnvironmental issues have received significant attention in German Studies for a number of years, leading to innovations in both research and pedagogy. More recently, attention has focused on applied pedagogical practices such as service‐learning projects and bilateral exchanges related to environmental sustainability. While these initiatives offer numerous potential benefits, as shown in research on high‐impact practices, and while the topic may attract students to learn German, these forms of teaching entail a range of challenges and questions for educators that are distinct from the work traditionally carried out in German language pedagogy. This co‐authored article offers resources for working through these challenges and introduces a collection of free online materials currently in development. We suggest a model of critical environmental thinking in the classroom that asks students to use the target language to reexamine familiar concepts and daily practices connected to the environment and apply their knowledge of other cultures to multimodal projects.
Building Sustainability into the German Program: “Climate Stories” in Gen‐Ed German and the Advanced Curriculum
Authors: Moser Beverly 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article reports on an initiative to enrich the German curriculum at all levels via “Climate Stories,” a student‐centered learning project that capitalizes on the encouraging strides being made in German‐speaking countries to combat global climate change. Students identify a real‐life “climate story” in the news in German that features a solution or important insight into an environmental issue. After digesting three articles, students create original artwork (visual art, collage, podcast, play) which they present to their peers. The project makes valuable cross‐disciplinary connections to popular sustainability courses and is articulated vertically in the German curriculum, starting in general education and moving upward to each level within the German major. It also connects with an initiative in climate‐focused pedagogy in the sustainability community that is active on campus and nationally. German students share their art and the “stories” behind the art, contributing insights and expertise from the German‐speaking world to undergraduates who cannot access these stories themselves in German. In the general education curriculum, the project provides evidence of global learning. In the upper‐level curriculum, projects are more complex, with oral and written components increasing in difficulty as students' proficiency grows.
The Uniqueness of Necessary Truth and the Status of S4 and S5
Authors: Hausmann Marco 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to relate the debate about the status of S4 and S5 as modal logics for metaphysical modality to the debate about the identity of propositions. The necessary truth of the characteristic axioms of S4 and S5 (when interpreted in terms of metaphysical modality) is derived from a view about the identity of propositions, the view that necessarily equivalent propositions are identical.
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in solid‐organ transplant patients in the intensive care unit
Authors: Klein Joachim , Rello Jordi , Dimopoulos George , Bulpa Pierre , Blot Koen , Vogelaers Dirk , Blot Stijn 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionSolid‐organ transplantation (SOT) is a well‐known risk factor for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). We report on the epidemiology and outcome of SOT patients with IPA in an intensive care unit (ICU) setting.MethodsThis is a secondary study based on a subset of SOT patients from a prospective observational multicenter cohort (the AspICU project) including ICU patients with at least oneAspergillusspp. positive culture. Cases were classified as proven, probable, or putative IPA, or asAspergillus‐colonized. Mortality was reported at 12 weeks.ResultsThe study included 52 SOT patients (of which 18 lung, 17 liver, 12 kidney, and five heart transplants). Sixteen patients had proven IPA, 28 were categorized as putative IPA (of which only five reached a probable IPA diagnosis according to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycosis Study Group and Research Consortium criteria), and eight asAspergillus‐colonization. Among patients with IPA, 20 (45.5%) developed IPA during their ICU stay following transplantation whereas 24 patients (54.5%) had a medical ICU admission. Regarding medical imaging, nearly all IPA cases presented with non‐specific findings as only nine demonstrated robust findings suggestive for invasive fungal disease. Overall, severity of the disease was reflected by a high prevalence of underlying conditions and acute organ derangements. Mortality among patients with IPA was 68%. Lung transplantation was associated with better survival (50%).ConclusionIPA in SOT patients in the ICU develops in the presence of overall high severity of the disease. It rarely presents with suggestive medical imaging thereby hampering diagnosis. IPA in ICU patients with SOT carries a grim prognosis.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Johnson Patricia 
Published: November 2021

Studies in Media and Communication (SMC) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether SMC publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 9, Number 2Andreas Veglis, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GreeceAyşe Aslı Sezgin, Çukurova University, TurkeyBernard Naledzani Rasila, University of Venda, South AfricaCamelia Cmeciu, Danubius University of Galati, RomaniaCarmen Pérez-Sabater, Universitat Politècnica de València, SpainImed Ben Labidi, Doha Institute for Graduate Studies, USAJavier Serrano Puche, University of Navarra, SpainJianbo Hou, Xi'an International Studies University, ChinaMaría José Serrano, Universidad de La Laguna, SpainNina Gunnarsson, Jönköping university, SwedenPhilemon Bantimaroudis, University of Cyprus, CyprusRefat Aljumily, Newcastle University, UKYi Luo, Montclair State University, USAYoung Joon Lim, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, USA Patricia JohnsonEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Studies in Media and CommunicationRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://smc.redfame.com
Autonomic control of cerebral blood flow: fundamental comparisons between peripheral and cerebrovascular circulations in humans
Authors: Koep Jodie L. , Taylor Chloe E. , Coombes Jeff S. , Bond Bert , Ainslie Philip N. , Bailey Tom G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the contribution of the autonomic nervous system to cerebral blood flow (CBF) control is challenging, and interpretations are unclear. The identification of calcium channels and adrenoreceptors within cerebral vessels has led to common misconceptions that the function of these receptors and actions mirror those of the peripheral vasculature. This review outlines the fundamental differences and complex actions of cerebral autonomic activation compared with the peripheral circulation. Anatomical differences, including the closed nature of the cerebrovasculature, and differential adrenoreceptor subtypes, density, distribution and sensitivity, provide evidence that measures on peripheral sympathetic nerve activity cannot be extrapolated to the cerebrovasculature. Cerebral sympathetic nerve activity seems to act opposingly to the peripheral circulation, mediated at least in part by changes in intracranial pressure and cerebral blood volume. Additionally, heterogeneity in cerebral adrenoreceptor distribution highlights region‐specific autonomic regulation of CBF. Compensatory chemo‐ and autoregulatory responses throughout the cerebral circulation, and interactions with parasympathetic nerve activity are unique features to the cerebral circulation. This crosstalk between sympathetic and parasympathetic reflexes acts to ensure adequate perfusion of CBF to rising and falling perfusion pressures, optimizing delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the brain, while attempting to maintain blood volume and intracranial pressure. Herein, we highlight the distinct similarities and differences between autonomic control of cerebral and peripheral blood flow, and the regional specificity of sympathetic and parasympathetic regulation within the cerebrovasculature. Future research directions are outlined with the goal to further our understanding of autonomic control of CBF in humans.
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Hysteresis in Supersonic Flow Past a Plane Cascade of Cylindrical Rods
Authors: Guvernyuk S. V. , Maksimov F. A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract—The results of numerical simulation of the interaction of supersonic flow with a permeable screen in form of an infinite plane cascade (lattice) of circular cylinders are given. The interaction regime in which the shocks ahead of the cylinders are localized on the scale of the cascade step is considered. The multi-block computational technique in which the viscous boundary layers are resolved by means of local grids using the Navier–Stokes equations, while the effects of inteferrence between the shock-wave structures in supersonic wake are described within the framework of Euler’s equations. The action of shock waves induced by the neighboring elements of lattice to the near-wake region behind the intermediate elements can ambiguously affect the aerodynamic lattice performance as well as generate time-dependent phenomena in the wake. The flow regimes are classified depending on continuous increase and decrease in the free-stream supersonic air flow in the Mach number range from 2.4 to 4.2 with reference to the lattice of the 80% permeability. The sources of the hysteresis behavior of the lattice aerodynamic drag with respect to the Mach number and the mechanisms of the onset of self-oscillating wake flow regimes are discussed.