bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes Following Modified Broström for Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability With and Without Peroneal Tendon Exploration
Authors: Adams Bryan G. , Milam Brian P. , Drayer Nicholas J. , Winland Ama , Hood Debra , Ryan Paul M. , Robbins Justin 
Published: November 2021

Background: It is not known how peroneal tendon exploration influences results after modified Broström for lateral ankle instability. We propose peroneal exploration at the time of modified Broström will have similar outcomes as no peroneal exploration. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed of patients undergoing modified Broström with and without peroneal exploration. Foot and Ankle Outcome scores and data regarding military retention were gathered and compared. Results: Seventeen patients were identified in the modified Broström only cohort and 24 in the peroneal exploration cohort. Patients had mean follow-up of 5 years in both cohorts. The mean FAOS in the modified Broström only cohort was 68 and 72 in the cohort with peroneal exploration (P = .541). When each FAOS subcategory was analyzed, no difference was identified in any subcategory. Eight of 17 patients (47%) in the modified Broström only cohort remained active duty compared with 8 of 24 patients (33%) in the modified Broström with peroneal exploration cohort (P = .518). One patient medically discharged in the modified Broström only cohort versus 6 in peroneal exploration cohort (P = .109). Overall satisfaction with the procedure was 12 of 17 (71%) in the modified Broström only cohort and 19 of 24 (79%) in the peroneal exploration cohort (P = .529). Conclusions: No significant difference was identified between patients undergoing modified Broström alone or modified Broström with peroneal exploration. There was no significant difference in return to duty, medical discharge or patient satisfaction. Levels of Evidence: Level III: retrospective case-control study with prospectively collected data
Global trends in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension clinical trials and dissemination of results
Authors: McInnis Micheal C. , Chow Clement T. , Boutet Alexandre , Mafeld Sebastian , Granton John , McRae Karen , Donahoe Laura , de Perrot Marc 
Published: November 2021

Treatment options for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) are rapidly expanding. The purpose of this study is to identify trends in CTEPH clinical trials and the publication of results. We performed a worldwide review of completed and ongoing clinical trials through searching the ClinicalTrials.gov database and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform for “CTEPH” and related terms. Entries were classified as pharmaceutical/procedural interventions (Group 1), all other clinical trials (Group 2) and patient registries (Group 3). Trial characteristics and national affiliation were recorded. PubMed was searched for related publications. There were 117 clinical trials registry entries after removing duplicates and non‐target records. Group 1 comprised 29 pharmaceutical, 15 procedural, and four combined interventions starting in 2005, 2010, and 2016, respectively. Riociguat and balloon pulmonary angioplasty were the most frequent pharmaceutical and procedural interventions, respectively. The proportion of procedural trials increased over time from 0% of those in 2005–2009 to 29% in 2010–2014 and 54% in 2015–2020. There were 56 entries in Group 2 and 13 in Group 3. Japan was the most frequent national affiliation and the most frequent participating country, present in 28% of all trials. The proportion of entries with published results was highest with Group 3 (62%) and lowest with Group 1 (27%). Thirty percent of all publications occurred in 2020. In conclusion, CTEPH clinical trials are increasingly procedural based, with growth largely attributable to Japan and balloon pulmonary angioplasty. Most trials have not published, but results from balloon pulmonary angioplasty clinical trials are anticipated soon.
Epidemic Control and Resource Allocation: Approaches and Implications for the Management of COVID-19
Authors: Nyiwul Linus 
Published: November 2021

The experience with COVID-19 underscores a classic public policy choice problem: how should policymakers determine how to allocate constrained budgets, limited equipment, under-resourced hospitals and stretched personnel to limit the spread of the virus. This article presents an overview of the general literature on resource allocation in epidemics and assess how it informs our understanding of COVID-19. We highlight the peculiarities of the pandemic that call for a rethinking of existing approaches to resource allocation. In particular, we analyse how the experience of COVID-19 informs our understanding and modelling of the optimal resource allocation problem in epidemics. Our delineation of the literature focuses on resource constraint as the key variable. A qualitative appraisal indicates that the current suit of models for understanding the resource allocation problem requires adaptations to advance our management of COVID-19 or similar future epidemics. Particularly under-studied areas include issues of uncertainty, potential for co-epidemics, the role of global connectivity, and resource constrained problems arising from depressed economic activity. Incorporating various global dimensions of COVID-19 into resource allocation modelling such a centralized versus decentralized resource control and the role of geostrategic interests could yield crucial insights. This will require multi-disciplinary approaches to the resource allocation problem. JEL Classifications: I14, I18, E61, D60, H4, H12
MRI Findings of Early Osteoarthritis in Patients Who Sustained Septic Arthritis of the Knee After ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Meglic Uros , Salapura Vladka , Zupanc Oskar 
Published: November 2021

Background: Although a rare complication, septic arthritis (SA) after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has potentially devastating consequences for the knee joint. Purpose: To prospectively analyze, at a mean 4-year follow-up, subjective, clinical, radiographic, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings between patients with SA and those with no septic complication after ACL reconstruction. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Of 2006 ACL reconstructions performed between 2004 and 2014, a total of 20 patients experienced SA. All patients were treated with arthroscopic irrigation and graft-retaining debridement immediately after diagnosis and at least 6 weeks of antibiotic treatment. After the exclusion process, 18 patients were included in the SA group and 20 in the control group. At final follow-up at a mean 48 months, a physical examination, KT-1000 arthrometer laxity test, Lysholm knee score, Tegner activity score, and International Knee Documentation Committee radiographic score were completed and then compared with preoperative data. The Boston-Leeds Osteoarthritis Knee Score was used for MRI evaluation at final follow-up to note chondral changes. Results: No significant differences between the SA and control groups were observed in pre- and perioperative variables that could indicate a higher incidence of early osteoarthritis (OA). Although range of motion and knee stability were not significantly different between the groups at final follow-up, the Lysholm score (mean ± SD, 79.8 ± 13.1 vs 90.9 ± 8.6; P < .01) and Tegner score (6.0 ± 1.1 vs 7.0 ± 1.4; P = .03) were significantly lower in the SA group as compared with the control group. MRI evaluation at final follow-up demonstrated a significantly higher degree of early knee OA in the SA group versus the control group. However, no differences in the degree of OA were seen on plain radiographs at final follow-up between the groups. Conclusion: MRI evaluation provided signs of worsened chondral state in the SA group, which could be associated with reduced functional outcome and return to sports. In contrast to radiograph analyses, MRI was excellent at distinguishing damage to the cartilage and can be useful in early follow-up evaluation of patients with SA after ACL reconstruction.
Associations between screen time, physical activity, and depressive symptoms during the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak among Chinese college students
Authors: Zhang Yi , Wu Xiaoyan , Tao Shuman , Li Shiyue , Ma Le , Yu Yizhen , Sun Guilong , Li Tingting , Tao Fangbiao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerges in China, which spreads rapidly and becomes a public health emergency of international concern. Chinese government has promptly taken quarantine measures to block the transmission of the COVID-19, which may cause deleterious consequences on everyone’s behaviors and psychological health. Few studies have examined the associations between behavioral and mental health in different endemic areas. This study aimed to describe screen time (ST), physical activity (PA), and depressive symptoms, as well as their associations among Chinese college students according to different epidemic areas.

Methods
The study design is cross-sectional using online survey, from 4 to 12 February 2020, 14,789 college students accomplished this online study, participants who did not complete the questionnaire were excluded, and finally this study included 11,787 college students from China.

Results
The average age of participants was 20.51 ± 1.88 years. 57.1% of the college students were male. In total, 25.9% of college students reported depression symptoms. ST > 4 h/day was positively correlated with depressive symptoms (β = 0.48, 95%CI 0.37–0.59). COVID-19ST > 1 h/day was positively correlated with depressive symptoms (β = 0.54, 95%CI 0.43–0.65), compared with COVID-19ST ≤ 0.5 h/day. Compared with PA ≥ 3 day/week, PA < 3 day/week was positively associated with depression symptoms (β = 0.01, 95%CI 0.008–0.012). Compared with low ST and high PA, there was an interaction association between high ST and low PA on depression (β = 0.31, 95%CI 0.26–0.36). Compared with low COVID-19ST and high PA, there was an interaction association between high COVID-19ST and low PA on depression (β = 0.37, 95%CI 0.32–0.43). There were also current residence areas differences.

Conclusions
Our findings identified that high ST or low PA was positively associated with depressive symptoms independently, and there was also an interactive effect between ST and PA on depressive symptoms.
Survey of knowledge, attitude and practice of healthcare professionals on dengue transmission, diagnosis and clinical classification
Authors: Giang Hoang Thi Nam , Sayed Ahmed M. , Dang Thao , Iqtadar Somia , Tuan Nguyen Minh , Khiem Nguyen Tuan , Viet Do Chau , Van Tran Thi Kim , Phuoc Nguyen Thanh , Dung Tran Thi Kim , Elhalwagy Esraa Ahmed , Vien Le Huu Linh , Triet Nguyen Minh , Tong Nguyen Thanh , Son Do Hong , Hung Lieu Chi , Tam Dong Thi Hoai , Hirayama Kenji , Huy Nguyen Tien 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the healthcare professionals (HCPs) including physicians and nurses regarding dengue transmission, diagnosis and clinical classification using the warning signs of World Health Organization (WHO) 2009 classification.ResultsOut of 471 respondents from three countries, 80.9% of physicians and 74% of nurses did not receive previous training regarding the dengue infection. The majority of respondents could identify the primary dengue vector (86%), while only a third of HCPs knew the biting time of dengue mosquitoes. Only half of our respondents knew about immunity induced by serotypes; Moreover, half of our participants could determine the diagnostic tests. On the other hand, about 90% of the respondents took responsibility for talking to the patients about preventive measures. Our respondents also showed wide variations in definition of warning signs listed in the WHO 2009 classification. Multivariate analysis linked the impact of different cofactors including prior training on dengue infection, type of profession, frequency of taking care of dengue patients and country on how HCPs defined these warning signs.ConclusionsThis study could declare the variation in employing the warning signs listed in the WHO 2009 classification. We have figured that most of the HCPs did not take prior training on the dengue viral infection; Also, we found gaps in the knowledge regarding various topics in dengue fever. This paper recommends the gathering of efforts to establish the proper knowledge of dengue infection and the warning signs listed by the WHO.
Information needs and experiences from pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disorders: a qualitative analysis of narrative responses
Authors: Shree Raj , Hatfield-Timajchy Kendra , Brewer Alina , Tsigas Eleni , Vidler Marianne 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Incorporation of the patient voice is urgently needed in a broad array of health care settings, but it is particularly lacking in the obstetrical literature. Systematically derived information about patients’ experience with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), most notably preeclampsia, is necessary to improve patient-provider communication and ultimately inform patient-centered care and research.
We sought to examine the information needs and experiences of individuals with pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disorders.

Methods
We conducted a qualitative content analysis of narrative-responses to an open-ended question from the Preeclampsia Registry (TPR), an online registry hosted by the Preeclampsia Foundation. Individuals were invited to enroll in TPR via social media, web searches, and newsletters. We restricted our analysis to participants who self-reported a history of HDP and responded to the open-ended question, “Is there any information that you could have had at the time of this pregnancy that would have been helpful?”. Available responses from July 2013 to March 2017 were included. Narrative responses were coded, reconciled, and thematically analyzed by multiple coders using an inductive approach. Our main outcome measures included participants’ expressed needs and additional concerns with respect to their HDP pregnancy.

Results
Of 3202 enrolled participants, 1850 completed the survey and self-reported having at least one pregnancy complicated by HDP, of which 895 (48.4%) responded to the open-ended question. Participants delivered in the United States (83%) and 27 other countries. Compared to non-responders, responders reported more severe HDP phenotypes and adverse offspring outcomes. We identified three principal themes from responses: patient-identified needs, management and counseling, and potential action. Responses revealed that participants’ baseline understanding of HDP, including symptoms, management, therapeutic strategies, and postpartum complications, was demonstrably lacking. Responders strongly desired improved counseling so that both they and their providers could collaboratively diagnose, appropriately manage, and robustly and continuously communicate to facilitate a partnership to address any HDP complications.

Conclusions
Participants’ responses regarding their HDP experience provide indispensable insight into the patient’s perspectives. Our study suggests that improved education regarding possible HDP complications and transparency about the consideration of HDP and its associated outcomes during an evaluation are needed, and efforts to implement these strategies should be sought.

Trial registration
The Preeclampsia Registry: NCT02020174
News media coverage of extreme risk protection order policies surrounding the Parkland shooting: a mixed-methods analysis
Authors: Pallin Rocco , Aubel Amanda J. , Knoepke Christopher E. , Pear Veronica A. , Wintemute Garen J. , Kravitz-Wirtz Nicole 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundFollowing the 2018 mass shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, there was a dramatic increase in media coverage of extreme risk protection orders (ERPOs) and in state policy proposals for ERPO laws. This study documents the frequency of news coverage of ERPOs throughout 2018 and examines the narratives used by media outlets to describe this risk-based firearm policy.MethodsUsing a mixed-method descriptive design, we examine the frequency of national news media coverage of ERPO legislation in 2018, before and after the Parkland shooting, and analyze the content of news articles related to a sample of states that considered ERPO legislation after the shooting.ResultsWe find a sharp increase in the frequency of articles related to ERPOs following the Parkland shooting and smaller increases in coverage surrounding ERPO policy proposals and other public mass shootings that year. Nearly three-quarters of articles in our content analysis mentioned the Parkland shooting. The news media often mentioned or quoted politicians compared to other stakeholders, infrequently specified uses for ERPOs (e.g., prevention of mass violence, suicide, or other violence), and rarely included evidence on effectiveness of such policies. More than one-quarter of articles mentioned a mass shooting perpetrator by name, and one-third of articles used the term “gun control.”ConclusionsThis study describes the emerging public discourse, as informed by media messaging and framing, on ERPOs as states continue to debate and implement these risk-based firearm violence prevention policies.
Cancer-associated fibroblast heterogeneity is associated with organ-specific metastasis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Pan Xingyi , Zhou Jiaojiao , Xiao Qian , Fujiwara Kenji , Zhang Mengwen , Mo Guanglan , Gong Wei , Zheng Lei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Metastasis occurs in the majority of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients at diagnosis or following resection. Patients with liver metastasis and those with lung metastasis have significantly different prognosis. Here, we sought to understand how cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play roles in the development of organ-specific metastasis.

Methods
PDAC tumor cell lines established from the primary tumors with liver and lung metastasis potentials, respectively, in Kras/p53 mutation conditional knock-in (KPC) mice were co-cultured with matched CAFs or mouse mesenchymal stem cells. CAFs were isolated from metastases and subjected to DNA methylation and whole transcriptomic RNA sequencing analysis.

Results
The ability of mouse PDAC tumor cell lines in developing liver or lung-specific metastases was demonstrated in orthotopic models. Tumor cells associated with liver metastasis potential, but not those associated with lung metastasis potential, induced the methylation of metabolism genes including NQO1 and ALDH1a3 and subsequent downregulated mRNA expression of a broader group of metabolism genes in CAFs. DNA methylation and downregulation of metabolism genes in CAFs in liver metastasis, but not those in lung metastasis, appeared to be regulated by DNA methyltransferase. Tumor cells associated with liver metastasis potential, but not those associated with lung metastasis potential, induce inflammatory CAF (iCAF) signatures. CAFs from liver metastasis demonstrated a more homogenous iCAF phenotype, whereas CAFs from lung metastasis maintained the heterogeneity.

Conclusions
PDAC with organ-specific metastatic potentials has different capacities in inducing methylation of metabolism genes in CAFs, modulating CAF phenotypes, and resulting in different levels of heterogeneity of CAFs in different metastatic niches.
Designing a conceptual framework for misinformation on social media: a qualitative study on COVID-19
Authors: Bastani Peivand , Hakimzadeh Seyyed Mostafa , Bahrami Mohammad Amin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective
This study was aimed to present a conceptual framework about the misinformation surrounding COVID-19 outbreak in Iran. For this purpose, discourse analysis of two of the most common social virtual networks were conducted via a four step approach as follows: defining the research question and selecting the content of analysis, gathering information and theory on the context, content analysis for establishing the themes and patterns and, presenting the results and drawing conclusions.

Results
Cultural factors, demand pressure for information during the crisis, the easiness of information dissemination via social networks, marketing incentives and the poor legal supervision of online content are the main reasons for misinformation dissemination. Disease statistics; treatments and prevention are the main subjective categories of releasing misinformation. The consequences of misinformation dissemination include psychosocial, economic, health status, health system and ethical ones. The most recommended strategies for dealing with the issue could be divided into demand and supply-side strategies.
The role of chest imaging in the diagnosis, management, and monitoring of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Inui Shohei , Gonoi Wataru , Kurokawa Ryo , Nakai Yudai , Watanabe Yusuke , Sakurai Keita , Ishida Masanori , Fujikawa Akira , Abe Osamu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed a major public health crisis all over the world. The role of chest imaging, especially computed tomography (CT), has evolved during the pandemic paralleling the accumulation of scientific evidence. In the early stage of the pandemic, the performance of chest imaging for COVID-19 has widely been debated especially in the context of comparison to real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Current evidence is against the use of chest imaging for routine screening of COVID-19 contrary to the initial expectations. It still has an integral role to play, however, in its work up and staging, especially when assessing complications or disease progression. Chest CT is gold standard imaging modality for COVID-19 pneumonia; in some situations, chest X-ray or ultrasound may be an effective alternative. The most important role of radiologists in this context is to be able to identify those patients at greatest risk of imminent clinical decompensation by learning to stratify cases of COVID-19 on the basis of radiologic imaging in the most efficient and timely fashion possible. The present availability of multiple and more refined CT grading systems and classification is now making this task easier and thereby contributing to the recent improvements achieved in COVID-19 treatment and outcomes. In this article, evidence of chest imaging regarding diagnosis, management and monitoring of COVID-19 will be chronologically reviewed.