bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Clinical Characteristics of 19 Cases of Bacterial Liver Abscesses in Children and A Review of the Literature
Authors: Yuanxi Bian , Yanqun Jiang , Qihua Feng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

To analyze the clinical characteristics of 19 children with bacterial liver abscesses and to explore the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of children with bacterial liver abscesses.
Methods

Children with bacterial liver abscesses were selected from July 01, 2011, to July 31, 2020, at the Affiliated Children's Hospital of Suzhou University. The onset age, sex, clinical manifestations, imaging and laboratory examination data, treatment and outcomes were analyzed and summarized, and a literature review was performed.
Results

The average diagnostic age of 19 cases of bacterial liver abscesses was 5 ± 6.7 years old, and the ratio of males to females was 1.7. Ten cases had underlying diseases, including 8 cases of hematological diseases (including leukemia and aplastic anemia) (42.1%), 1 case of a choledochal cyst (5.3%) and 1 case of abdominal trauma (5.3%). The most common clinical manifestations were fever (16 cases, 84.2%), followed by right upper abdominal pain (9 cases, 44.4%) and cough and pleural effusion (6 cases, 31.6% each). Among the laboratory indexes, increases in serum C-reactive protein and leukocytosis were the most common, with 19 cases (100%) and 9 cases (44.4%), respectively. The proportion of patients with abnormal liver function was not high, and there were no cases of elevated bilirubin. The most common pathogens in pus and blood cultures were Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Nineteen children with bacterial liver abscesses were treated with intravenous antibiotics, and the average duration of intravenous antibiotic use was 28.4 ± 14.7 days. Among the cases, 13 cases (68.4%) were treated with antibiotics alone, and 5 cases (26.3%) and 1 case (5.3%) were treated with percutaneous needle aspiration and surgical drainage, respectively. All 19 children with bacterial liver abscesses improved, and there were no complications or deaths.
Conclusion

The most common underlying disease was a hematological malignant tumor. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli were the most common pathogens in blood and abscess cultures. Through appropriate antibacterial treatment and timely drainage, the prognosis is usually good.
Multiscale PHATE Exploration of SARS-CoV-2 Data Reveals Multimodal Signatures of Disease
Authors: Kuchroo Manik , Huang Jessie , Wong Patrick , Grenier Jean-Christophe , Shung Dennis , Tong Alexander , Lucas Carolina , Klein Jon , Burkhardt Daniel , Gigante Scott , Godavarthi Abhinav , Israelow Ben , Mao Tianyang , Oh Ji Eun , Silva Julio , Takahashi Takehiro , Odio Camila , Casanovas-Massana Arnau , Fournier John , Farhadian Shelli , Cruz Charles Dela , Ko Albert , Hirn Matthew , Wilson Francis , Hussin Julie , Wolf Guy , Iwasaki Akiko , Krishnaswamy Smita 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The biomedical community is producing increasingly high dimensional datasets, integrated from hundreds of patient samples, which current computational techniques struggle to explore. To uncover biological meaning from these complex datasets, we present an approach called Multiscale PHATE, which learns abstracted biological features from data that can be directly predictive of disease. Built on a coarse graining process called diffusion condensation, Multiscale PHATE learns a data topology that can be analyzed at coarse levels for high level summarizations of data, as well as at fine levels for detailed representations on subsets. We apply Multiscale PHATE to study the immune response to COVID-19 in 54 million cells from 168 hospitalized patients. Through our analysis of patient samples, we identify CD16-hi,CD66b-lo neutrophil and IFNγ+,GranzymeB+ Th17 cell responses enriched in patients who die. Furthermore, we show that population groupings Multiscale PHATE discovers can be directly fed into a classifier to predict disease outcome. We also use Multiscale PHATE-derived features to construct two different manifolds of patients, one from abstracted flow cytometry features and another directly on patient clinical features, both associating immune subsets and clinical markers with outcome.
Quantifying how urban landscape heterogeneity affects land surface temperature: A comparison of discrete and continuous approaches
Authors: Rahimi ehsan , Barghjelveh Shahindokht , Dong Pinliang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The present study examines the efficiency of discrete and continuous approaches to measuring urban heterogeneity effects on land surface temperature (LST). In the discrete approach, landscape metrics have been widely applied to quantifying the relationship between land surface temperature and urban spatial patterns and have received acceptable verification from landscape ecologists but some studies have shown their inaccurate results. The objective of the study is to compare landscape metrics and alternative approaches to measuring urban heterogeneity effects on LST. We compared landscape metrics results with nine texture-based measures, and two local spatial autocorrelation indices (local Moran’s I and Gi statistics) applied to NDVI and BAI indices as a proxy of the spatial patterns of Tehran vegetation and built-up classes. The statistical results showed that urban landscape heterogeneity had significant impacts on the LST variations, and there was a compatibility between landscape metrics and alternative measures results. Overall results showed that the less-fragmented, the more complex, larger, and the higher number of patches, the lower LST. The most significant relationship was between patch density (PD) and LST (r= -0.71). Higher values of PD have mostly been interpreted to show higher fragmentation, but other landscape metrics and alternative measures declined this conclusion. Our study demonstrated that PD was not a reliable metric and presented no information about the spatial distribution of landscape elements. This study confirms alternative measures for overcoming landscape metrics shortcomings in estimating the effects of landscape heterogeneity on LST variations and gives land managers and urban planners new insights into the urban design.
All-trans-Retinoic Acid Alleviates Coronary Stenosis by Regulating the Migration of Smooth Muscle Cells in a Mouse Model of Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Suganuma Eisuke , Sato Satoshi , Honda Satoko , Nakazawa Atsuko 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Coronary artery (CA) stenosis is a detrimental and often life-threatening sequela in Kawasaki disease (KD) patients with coronary artery aneurysm (CAA). Therapeutic strategies for these patients have not yet been established. All-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) is a modulator of smooth muscle cell functions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of atRA on CA stenosis in a mouse model of KD. Lactobacillus casei cell wall extract (LCWE) was intraperitoneally injected into 5-week-old male C57BL/6J mice to induce CA stenosis. Two weeks later, the mice were orally administered atRA (30 mg/kg) 5 days per week for 14 weeks (LCWE+atRA group, n=7). Mice in the untreated group (LCWE group, n=6) received corn oil alone. Control mice were injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, n=5). Treatment with atRA significantly suppressed CA inflammation (19.3±2.8 vs 4.4±2.8, p<0.0001) and reduced the incidence of CA stenosis (100% vs 18.5%, p<0.05). In addition, atRA suppressed the migration of human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMCs) induced by platelet-derived growth factor subunit B homodimer (PDGF-BB). In conclusion, atRA dramatically alleviated CA stenosis by suppressing SMC migration. Therefore, it is expected to have clinical applications preventing CA stenosis in KD patients with CAA.
A prospective evaluation of AI-augmented epidemiology to forecast COVID-19 in the USA and Japan
Authors: Ledsam Joseph , Arik Sercan , Shor Joel , Sinha Rajarishi , Yoon Jinsung , Le Long , Dusenberry Michael , Yoder Nate , Popendorf Kris , Epshteyn Arkady , Euphrosine Johan , Kanal Elli , Jones Isaac , Li Chun-Liang , Luan Beth , Mckenna Joe , Menon Vikas , Singh Shashank , Sun Mimi , Ravi Ashwin Sura , Zhang Leyou , Sava Dario , Kayama Hiroki , Tsai Thomas , Yoneoka Daisuke , Nomura Shuhei , Miyata Hiroaki , Pfister Tomas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the global need for reliable models of disease spread. We propose an AI-augmented forecast modeling framework that provides daily predictions of the expected number of confirmed COVID-19 deaths, cases and hospitalizations during the following 4 weeks and we present an international, prospective evaluation of our models' performance across all states and counties in the USA and prefectures in Japan. National mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) for predicting COVID-19 associated deaths before and after prospective deployment remained consistently <2% (US) and <10% (Japan). Average statewide (US) and prefecture wide (Japan) MAPE was 6% and 26% respectively (14% when looking at prefectures with more than 10 deaths). We show that our models perform well even during periods of considerable change in population behavior, and that it is robust to demographic differences across different geographic locations. We further demonstrate that our framework provides meaningful explanatory insights with the models accurately adapting to local and national policy interventions. Our framework enables counterfactual simulations, which indicate continuing Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions alongside vaccinations is essential for faster recovery from the pandemic, delaying the application of interventions has a detrimental effect, and allow exploration of the consequences of different vaccination strategies. The COVID-19 pandemic remains a global emergency. In the face of substantial challenges ahead, the approach presented here has the potential to inform critical decisions.
Adrenal Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy: The Effects of a Full and Empty Stomach on Radiation Dose to Organs at Risk
Authors: Tanaka Osamu , Taniguchi Takuya , Ono Kousei , Nakaya Shuto , Kiryu Takuji , Makita Chiyoko , Matsuo Masayuki 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
IntroductionAdrenal recurrence after radical resection of the primary lesion is common. However, the adrenal glands are surrounded by radiosensitive organs such as the pancreas, kidneys, small intestine, and stomach. Treatment planning therefore requires many regulations due to the dose limit to the organ at risk. Radiotherapy can be adjusted for gastric capacity. We therefore performed an OAR analysis for SBRT to the left adrenal gland based on gastric state (empty or full stomach) at the time of irradiation. We examined whether it was possible to reduce the dose to OAR.Materials and MethodsA sample of 20 randomly selected stomachs was arranged in descending order from largest to the smallest size and divided into two groups of 10. The “empty group” is defined as the smaller stomach group (n = 10), while the “full group” is the larger stomach group (n = 10). Planning target volume (PTV) adds a 3 mm margin to the GTV. The prescribed PTV dose was 54 Gy / 6 fx and D 95 coverage of PTV(CTV) (the dose to 95% of the PTV volume). We compared the difference in OAR radiation dose between the two stomach volume groups.ResultsGastric OAR dose in the empty group was significantly lower than in the full group (D5 and D10). However, the OAR dose to the left kidney in the empty group was statistically significantly higher than in the full group (V12, V15, and V21).ConclusionWhen SBRT was performed on the left adrenal gland, it was found that the smaller the stomach size, the lower the radiation dose to the stomach. The stomach is an abdominal organ that can be artificially resized. It is therefore better to perform SBRT on patients who have an empty stomach.
Influence of Structure on the Aseismic Stability and Dynamic Responses of Liquefiable Soil
Authors: Dou Pengfei , Xu Chengshun , Du Xiuli , Chen Su 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In previous major earthquakes, the damage and collapse of structures located in liquefied field which caused by site failure a common occurrence, and the problem of evaluation and disscusion on site liquefaction and the seismic stability is still a key topic in geotechnical earthquake engineering. To study the influence of the presence of structure on the seismic stability of liquefiable sites, a series of shaking table tests on liquefiable free field and non-free field with the same soil sample was carried out. It can be summarized from experimental results as following. The natural frequency of non-free field is larger and the damping ratio is smaller than that of free field. For the weak seismic loading condition, the dynamic response of sites show similar rules and trend. For the strong ground motion condition, soils in both experiments all liquefied obviously and the depth of liquefaction soil in the free field is significantly greater than that in the non-free field, besides, porewater pressure in the non-free field accumulated relately slow and the dissapited quikly from analysis of porewater pressure ratios(PPRs) in both experiments. The amplitudes of lateral displacements and acceleration of soil in the non-free field is obviously smaller than that in the free field caused by the effect of presence of the structure. In a word, the presence of structures will lead to the increase of site stiffness, site more difficult to liquefy, and the seismic stability of the non-free site is higher than that of the free site due to soil-structure interaction.
Adherence to Clinical Guidelines in Integration of Mental Health Services Into Primary Health Care in Mbarara, Southwestern Uganda: a Medical Record Review
Authors: Wakida Edith K , Ocan Moses , Rukundo Godfrey Zari , Sebutinde Peter , Maling Samuel , Okello Elialilia S , Talib Zohray M , Obua Celestino 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The Ugandan Ministry of Health decentralized mental health care delivery to the district level; developed the Uganda Clinical Guidelines (UCG); and trained primary health care (PHC) providers in identification, management, and referral of individuals with common mental disorders. This was intended to promote the integration of mental health services into PHC in the country. However, the extent of integration of mental health into general health care service delivery remains unknown. This study aimed to establish the level of adherence of PHC providers to the UCG in the identification and management of mental disorders. Methods: This was a prospective medical record review study of patient information collected in November and December 2018, and March and April 2019 at two health centers (III and IV) in southwestern Uganda. Data (health facility level; sex and age of the patient; and mental disorder diagnosis, management) was collected using a checklist. Continuous data was analyzed using means and standard deviation while categorical data was analyzed using Chi-square. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to establish predictors of PHC provider adherence to the clinical guidelines on integration of mental health services into PHC. The analysis was conducted at a 95% level of significance.Results: Of the 6093 records of patients at the study health facilities during the study period, 146 (2.4%) had a mental or neurological disorder diagnosis. The commonly diagnosed disorders were epilepsy 91 (1.5%) and bipolar 25 (0.4%). The most prescribed medications were carbamazepine 65 (44.5%), and phenobarbital 26 (17.8%). The medicines inappropriately prescribed at health center III for a mental diagnosis included chlorpromazine for epilepsy 3 (2.1%) and haloperidol for epilepsy 1 (0.7%). Female gender (aOR: 0.52, 95%CI: 0.39 -0.69) and age 61+ years (aOR: 3.02, 95%CI: 1.40 – 6.49) were predictors of a mental disorder entry into the HMIS register.Conclusion: There was a noticeable change of practice by PHC providers in integrating mental health services in routine care as reflected by the rise in the number of mental disorders diagnosed and treated and entered into the modified paper based HMIS registers.
Hematological Malignancies in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Clinical Characteristics, Risk Factors and Prognosis – a Case-control Study
Authors: Zhang Yuqi , Li Wei , Zhang Panpan , Guo Jinyan , Sun Jinlei , Lu Jiameng , Liu Shengyun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic and complex multi-system autoimmune disorder. Higher risks of malignancy were observed in SLE patients, which was associated with higher mortality. We aimed to explore clinical characteristics, risk factors and prognosis between SLE patients with or without hematological malignancies (HM) in Chinese population.Methods: We retrospectively collected patients from our hospital with a diagnosis of SLE from January 2013 to December 2020. Clinical and laboratory data were collected and disease activity was evaluated according to systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index-2000 (SLEDAI-2K). Logistic regression analysis was performed to predict risk factors. The survival rate was estimated by Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.Results: The study enrolled 15 SLE patients with HM as the case group and 57 without HM as the control group for analysis. The incidence rate of HM was approximately 0.24% with elevated standard incidence rate of lymphoma and leukemia (27.559 and 12.708, respectively). Patients with HM were at a higher age at the diagnosis of SLE, with a higher frequency of infection, splenomegaly and a lower level of hemoglobin compared with patients without HM. SLEDAI-2K was comparable between the two groups at the diagnosis of SLE (P = 0.184). Lower percentage of patients with HM expressed positive anti-dsDNA antibody (26.7% vs 66.7%，P = 0.005 ) or had ever been treated with hydroxychloroquine (40.0% vs 86.0%, P = 0.001). Higher age (OR 1.098, P = 0.004), infection (OR 5.759, P = 0.041) and lower hemoglobin (OR 0.954, P = 0.021) were risk factors for SLE patients to develop with HM. Female (RR 0.219, P = 0.009) and hydroxychloroquine (RR 0.281, P = 0.024) were protective factors from mortality. Conclusions: SLE patients are more prone to be complicated with HM, especially for those at a higher age, suffering with infection or anemia. The prognosis of male patients with SLE tends to be poorer whether complicated with HM. The association between antinuclear antibody spectrum and SLE complicated with HM needs further investigation.
Development of a vibration free machine structure for high-speed micro-milling center
Authors: Das Arnab , Shukla Shashank , Kumar Mohan , Singh Chitransh , Chandravanshi Madan Lal , Bajpai Vivek 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The demand of ultra-precision micro-machine tools is growing day by day due to exigent requirements of miniaturized components. High accuracy, good dimensional precision and smooth surface finish are the major characteristics of these ultra-precision machine tools. High-speed machining has been adopted to increase the productivity using high-speed spindles. However, machine tool vibration is a major issue in high-speed machining. Vibration significantly deteriorates the quality of micro-machining in terms of dimensional precision and surface finish. This paper describes a design methodology of a closed type machine structure for vibration minimization of a high-speed micro-milling center. The rigid machine structure has provided plenty of stiffness and the damping capability to the machine tool without utilizing vibration absorbers . The models of the machine structures have been generated and assembled in AutoCAD 3D . The performances of the integrated micro-milling machine tools were determined by finite element analysis. The best model has been selected and proposed for manufacturing. Additionally, simulation results were validated by comparing with experimental results. Eventually, after manufacturing and assembly, experiments have been performed and determined that the amplitude of vibration was approaching towards nanometer level throughout the working range of the high-speed spindle. The machine tool was capable to fabricate miniaturized components with fine surface finish.
Multimorbidity Patterns and Function Among Adults in Low- and Middle-income Countries: a Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Berner Karina , Tawa Nassib , Louw Quinette 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundA fifth of adults in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) have multimorbid conditions, which are linked to socio-economic deprivation and aging. Multimorbidity is associated with high rates of functional problems and disability, increased healthcare utilization and lower quality of life. Literature on multimorbidity and associations with function is mostly from high-income countries (HICs) and focused among adults. Data regarding patterns and their impact on person-centered outcomes are limited. There is need for research into understanding common patterns of multimorbidity, and their association with functional impairment, particularly in LMICs. Therefore, the need for evidence-based, and context-relevant strategic policy, planning and delivery models for health and rehabilitation services is imperative in attaining Universal Health Coverage (UHC). The planned scoping review aims to provide an overview of the scope and nature of existing literature on multimorbidity patterns and function among adults in LMICs. MethodsA scoping review will be conducted according to a five-step framework guidance. The PRISMA-ScR guidelines will be followed in reporting. A comprehensive electronic search of PubMed, Scopus, EBSCOhost (including MEDLINE and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature [CINAHL]), Scielo, Cochrane and Google Scholar will be conducted from January 1976 onwards. Studies will be included if they are primary or secondary, qualitative or quantitative research reported in English, published (between January 1976 and the search date) in a peer-reviewed journal, and describe multimorbidity patterns and associations with physical functional impairments, activity limitations or participation restrictions among adults in LMICs. Search results will be independently screened by two reviewers and data extraction will cover; study characteristics, participants’ characteristics, multimorbidity measures, patterns analysis and functional measures. Descriptive statistics and narrative synthesis will be used to synthesize and summarize the findings.DiscussionPatients with multimorbidity have unique and cross-cutting needs, hence the need for an integrated and person-centered approaches to policy, planning and delivery of medical and rehabilitation services. Considering the shift towards primary healthcare-led management of chronic diseases and UHC, the proposed scoping review is timely and the findings will provide insights into the current extent and scope of multimorbidity research, and guide future inquiry in the field. Protocol registrationOpen Science Framework (OSF), osf.io/gcy7z