bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On fixed points of rational contractions in generalized parametric metric and fuzzy metric spaces
Authors: Stephen Thounaojam , Rohen Yumnam , Mlaiki Nabil , Bina Mairembam , Hussain Nawab , Rizk Doaa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe introduce the notion of generalized parametric metric spaces along with the study of its various properties. Further, we prove some new fixed point theorems for$(\alpha ,\psi )$(α,ψ)-rational-type contractive mappings in generalized parametric metric spaces. As a consequence, we deduce fixed point theorems for$(\alpha , \psi )$(α,ψ)-rational-type contractive mappings in partially ordered rectangular generalized fuzzy metric spaces.
Evaluation of GeneXpert PA assay compared to genomic and (semi-)quantitative culture methods for direct detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in endotracheal aspirates
Authors: van der Schalk Thomas Ewout , Coppens Jasmine , Timbermont Leen , Turlej-Rogacka Agata , Van Heirstraeten Liesbet , Berkell Matilda , Yu Li , Lammens Christine , Xavier Basil Britto , Matheeussen Veerle , Ieven Margareta , McCarthy Michael , Jorens Philippe G. , Ruzin Alexey , Esser Mark T. , Kumar-Singh Samir , Goossens Herman , Malhotra-Kumar Surbhi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionPseudomonas aeruginosais a common cause of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Rapid and accurate detection of lower respiratory tract colonization and/or infection withP. aeruginosamay advise targeted preventive (antibody-based) strategies and antibiotic therapy. To investigate this, we compared semi-quantitative culture results from 80 endotracheal aspirates (ETA) collected from mechanically-ventilated patients, to two culture and two non-culture-based methods for detection ofP. aeruginosa.MethodsP. aeruginosa-positive (n = 40) and -negative (n = 40) ETAs from mechanically ventilated patients analyzed initally by (i) routine semi-quantitative culture, were further analyzed with (ii) quantitative culture on chromogenic ChromIDP. aeruginosaand blood agar; (iii) enrichment in brain heart infusion broth followed by plating on blood agar and ChromIDP. aeruginosa; (iv) O-antigen acetylase gene-based TaqMan qPCR; and (v) GeneXpert PA PCR assay.ResultsOf the 80 ETA samples included, one sample that was negative forP. aeruginosaby semi-quantitative culture was found to be positive by the other four methods, and was included in an “extended” gold standard panel. Based on this extended gold standard, both semi-quantitative culture and the GeneXpert PA assay showed 97.6% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The quantitative culture, enrichment culture and O-antigen acetylase gene-based TaqMan qPCR had a sensitivity of 97.6%, 89.5%, 92.7%, and a specificity of 97.4%, 100%, and 71.1%, respectively.ConclusionThis first evaluation of the GeneXpert PA assay with ETA samples found it to be as sensitive and specific as the routine, hospital-based semi-quantitative culture method. Additionally, the GeneXpert PA assay is easy to perform (hands-on time ≈ 5 min) and rapid (≈ 55 min assay time). The combination of the high sensitivity and high specificity together with the rapid acquisition of results makes the GeneXpert PA assay a highly recommended screening technique. Where this equipment is not available, semi-quantitative culture remains the most sensitive of the culture methods evaluated here forP. aeruginosadetection in ETA samples.
Analysis of risk factors of PICC-related bloodstream infection in newborns: implications for nursing care
Authors: Hu Yan , Ling Yun , Ye Yingying , Zhang Lu , Xia Xiaojing , Jiang Qianwen , Sun Fang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
It is necessary to analyze the characteristics and risk factors of catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) in newborns with peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC).

Methods
Newborns undergoing PICC catheterization in the neonatal department of our hospital from January 1, 2020 to January 31, 2021 were included. The characteristics of newborns with and without CRBSI newborns were compared and analyzed. Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the risk factors of CRBSI in newborns with PICC.

Results
Three hundred eighty-six newborns with PICC were included, of whom 41 newborns had the CRBSI, the incidence of CRBSI in newborns with PICC was 10.62%. There were significant differences regarding the birth weight, durations of PICC stay, 5-min Apgar score, site of PICC insertion of PICC between CRBSI and no CRBSI group (all P < 0.05), and there were no significant differences regarding the gender, gestational age, cesarean section, mechanical ventilation and length of hospital stay between CRBSI and no CRBSI group (all P > 0.05). Escherichia coli (26.08%) and Staphylococcus aureus (23.92%) were the most common CRBSI pathogens in newborns with PICC. Logistic regression analysis indicated that birth weight ≤ 1500 g (OR 1.923, 95% CI 1.135–2.629), durations of PICC stay ≥ 21 days (OR 2.077, 95% CI 1.024–3.431), 5-min Apgar score ≤ 7 (OR 2.198, 95% CI 1.135–3.414) and femoral vein insertion of PICC (OR 3.044, 95% CI 1.989–4.306) were the independent risk factors of CRBSI in neonates with PICC (all P < 0.05).

Conclusion
For newborns with low birth weight, longer durations of PICC stay and femoral vein PICC insertion, they may have higher risks of CRBSI, and medical staff should take targeted measures to reduce the development of CRBSI.
Life is different now – impacts of eating disorders on Carers in New Zealand: a qualitative study
Authors: Fletcher Louise , Trip Henrietta , Lawson Rachel , Wilson Nicki , Jordan Jennifer 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Eating disorders are widely recognized as serious illnesses, with complex psychological and physiological comorbidities. Affected individuals face a protracted and challenging treatment journey which, particularly for children and adolescents, requires significant input from family members as carers. This study investigated the perspectives and experiences of those caring for family members with an eating disorder diagnosis.

Method
Participants were carers of affected individuals with an eating disorder, and were recruited from an online survey, subsequently consenting to a semi-structured qualitative interview. Inductive thematic analysis was undertaken to identify themes.

Results
Most participants in the sample were parents of affected individuals. Significant and ongoing psychological and emotional impacts were identified across the sample. The diagnosis, treatment journey and overall impact of the carer role created a situation captured by the over-arching theme ‘life is different now’. Impacts profoundly influenced relationships and were felt across all aspects of life by carers, affected individuals and other family members. Heightened worry and vigilance experienced by carers continued beyond improvement or recovery.

Conclusions
This research highlighted challenging and often exhausting impacts felt by carers due to their pivotal role in eating disorder treatment. Inadequate support for most carers in this sample has clear implications for families as well as service and funding providers. Further research should more fully investigate carer experience with different eating disorders to explore the type of support necessary to build capacity and resilience to reduce carer burden.
Novel ways to monitor immunosuppression in pediatric kidney transplant recipients—underlying concepts and emerging data
Authors: Ahlenstiel-Grunow Thurid , Pape Lars 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAfter pediatric kidney transplantation, immunosuppressive therapy is given to avoid acute and chronic rejections. However, the immunosuppression causes an increased risk of severe viral complications and bacterial infections and is associated with serious side effects. It is therefore crucial to achieve the optimal individual balance between over- and under-immunosuppression and thereby avoid unnecessary exposure to immunosuppressive drugs. In routine use, steering of immunosuppressants is performed primarily by monitoring of trough levels that mirror pharmacokinetics (although not, however, pharmacodynamics). Other diagnostic and prognostic markers to assess the individual intensity of immunosuppression are missing. Potential methods to determine immune function and grade of immunosuppression, such as analysis of the torque teno virus (TTV) load, QuantiFERON Monitor®, and ImmuKnow® as well as virus-specific T cells (Tvis), are currently being evaluated. In some studies TTV load, QuantiFERON Monitor® and ImmuKnow® were associated with the risk for post-transplant rejections and infections, but randomized controlled trials after pediatric kidney transplantation are not available. Post-transplant monitoring of Tvis levels seem to be promising because Tvis control virus replication and have been shown to correlate with virus-specific as well as general cellular immune defense, which represents the individual’s susceptibility to infections. Additional Tvis-monitoring provides an innovative opportunity to personalize the antiviral management and the dosing of the immunosuppressive therapy after pediatric kidney transplantation to avoid unnecessary therapeutic interventions and identify over-immunosuppression.
The story of the “Qiulai” qin unraveled by radiocarbon dating, Chinese inscriptions and material characterization
Authors: Durier Marie-Gabrielle , Girard-Muscagorry Alexandre , Hatté Christine , Fabris Tiphaine , Foasso Cyrille , Nowik Witold , Vaiedelich Stéphane 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
An ancient table zither qin, an emblematic stringed instrument of traditional Chinese music, has been rediscovered in the museum collection of the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (inv.4224, CNAM collection), Paris. This instrument named “Qiulai” qin, whose origin is poorly documented, can claim to be one of the oldest qin preserved in European collections; its state of conservation is exceptional. A thorough examination was carried out based on an innovative approach combining museum expertise, material characterization analyses (optical microscopy, VIS/IR/UV imaging, X-ray fluorescence, SEM–EDS, Raman) and advanced radiocarbon dating technology (MICADAS). Our results highlight the great coherence with the traditional manufacturing practices mentioned in early Qing dynasty qin treatises and poems, in particular the collection of materials with highly symbolic meanings referring to the qin sound, nature and the universe. The reuse of resinous wood of the Taxus family from a building such as a temple has been demonstrated. The ash layer contains bone black, crushed malachite and residues of silica, ochres, potassium and magnesium aluminosilicates. Our study confirms the antiquity of the "Qiulai" qin in Europe by indicating that it was most likely made in the small [1659–1699] interval of about 30 years at the turn of the eighteenth century.
Trueness and precision of digital implant impressions by intraoral scanners: a literature review
Authors: Sanda Minoru , Miyoshi Keita , Baba Kazuyoshi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
With the development of intraoral scanners, their trueness and precision have been evaluated in various studies. Through these studies, the amount of accuracy that can be expected from intraoral scanners has gradually been disclosed, at the same time, it was difficult to integrate the results of individual studies due to differences in evaluation methods between studies. The purpose of this article was to review the currently available evidence, summarise what is currently known about IOS, analyse the evaluation methods of each study, and list points to note when interpreting the results.

Main text
Most of the studies were conducted in vitro. The accuracy is evaluated in situations such as single missing teeth, partially edentulous ridges with multiple missing teeth, and fully edentulous jaws. To evaluate the accuracy, direct measurement of distance or angle by coordinate measuring machines and calculation of surface deviation by superimposing surface data were predominantly performed. The influence of parameters such as the number of implants, distance between implants, angle between implants, and experience of the operator was evaluated. Many studies have shown that trueness tends to decrease as the distance between the implants and the scan range increases. It was agreed that the implant angle did not affect either trueness or precision. Regarding other factors, the results varied among studies. Therefore, the effects of these parameters are not clear.

Conclusions
Heterogeneity in the research methodology was prevalent among the studies considered in this review. Therefore, we cannot make a decisive statement regarding the trueness and precision of digital implant impressions by IOSs. So far, the comparison of the numerical values of error between studies has yet to elucidate any clear answers, despite small methodological differences.
Association between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Circulating Proteins in 50-Year-Old Swedish Men and Women: a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Enarsson Malin , Feldreich Tobias , Byberg Liisa , Nowak Christoph , Lind Lars , Ärnlöv Johan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background and Aims
A strong cardiorespiratory fitness is suggested to have beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk; the exact mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective effects of fitness remain uncertain. Our aim was to investigate associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and multiple plasma proteins, in order to obtain insights about physiological pathways associated with the effects of exercise on cardiovascular health.

Methods
In the Prospective investigation of Obesity, Energy and Metabolism (POEM) study (n=444 adults aged 50 years, 50% women), cardiorespiratory fitness was measured by a maximal exercise test on bicycle ergometer with gas exchange (VO2peak) normalized for body lean mass (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)). We measured 82 cardiovascular proteins associated with cardiovascular pathology and inflammation in plasma samples with a proximity extension assay.

Results
In sex-adjusted linear regression, VO2peak was associated with 18 proteins after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing (p<0.0006). Following additional adjustment for fat mass (DXA), fasting glucose (mmol/L), low-density lipoprotein (LDL, mmol/L), smoking status, waist/hip ratio, blood pressure (mmHg), education level, and lpnr (lab sequence number), higher VO2peak was significantly associated with lower levels of 6 proteins: fatty-acid binding protein-4 (FABP4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), leptin, cystatin-B (CSTB), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), and higher levels of 3 proteins: galanin, kallikrein-6 (KLK6), and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF), at nominal p-values (p<0.05).

Conclusions
We identified multiple novel associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and plasma proteins involved in several atherosclerotic processes and key cellular mechanisms such as inflammation, energy homeostasis, and protease activity, which shed new light on how exercise asserts its beneficial effects on cardiovascular health. Our findings encourage additional studies in order to understand the underlying causal mechanisms for these associations.
Nevertheless, partisanship persisted: fake news warnings help briefly, but bias returns with time
Authors: Grady Rebecca Hofstein , Ditto Peter H. , Loftus Elizabeth F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPolitically oriented “fake news”—false stories or headlines created to support or attack a political position or person—is increasingly being shared and believed on social media. Many online platforms have taken steps to address this by adding a warning label to articles identified as false, but past research has shown mixed evidence for the effectiveness of such labels, and many prior studies have looked only at either short-term impacts or non-political information. This study tested three versions of fake news labels with 541 online participants in a two-wave study. A warning that came before a false headline was initially very effective in both discouraging belief in false headlines generally and eliminating a partisan congruency effect (the tendency to believe politically congenial information more readily than politically uncongenial information). In the follow-up survey two weeks later, however, we found both high levels of belief in the articles and the re-emergence of a partisan congruency effect in all warning conditions, even though participants had known just two weeks ago the items were false. The new pre-warning before the headline showed some small improvements over other types, but did not stop people from believing the article once seen again without a warning. This finding suggests that warnings do have an important immediate impact and may work well in the short term, though the durability of that protection is limited.
Acute and 28-days subacute toxicity studies of Gαq-RGS2 signaling inhibitor
Authors: Beladiya Jayesh V. , Mehta Anita A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
The aim of study was to evaluate the single oral dose and 28 day repeated oral administration toxicity profile of the synthetic compound Gαq-RGS2 signaling inhibitor, (1-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1 H-1,2,4-triazol-5(4 H)-one) as per OECD guideline 425 (2008a) and 407 (2008b), respectively.

Results
In acute toxicity study, a single oral dose administration of Gαq-RGS2 signaling inhibitor did not show any mortality at doses of 5, 50, 300 and 2000 mg/kg within 24 h and 14 days. The treatment of Gαq-RGS2 signaling inhibitor at dose 10 and 100 mg/kg for 28 days did not show any mortality, significant changes in the increase of body weight, various organ damage markers, hematological parameters, relative organ/body weight ratio and microscopic anatomical texture of essential organs as compared to vehicle and normal control.

Conclusions
A single oral administration of Gαq-RGS2 signaling inhibitor up to dose of 2000 mg/kg in mice and repeated administration of Gαq-RGS2 signaling inhibitor at higher dose 100 mg/kg for 28 days in the rats is safe.
Effect of Abelmoschus ficulneus (L.) Wight & Arn. on immunomodulation: in vivo experimental animal models
Authors: Dashputre Neelam Laxman , Bandawane Deepti D. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Abelmoschus ficulneus (L.) Wight & Arn. (Malvaceae) commonly known as herb in the Ayurveda, Indian traditional medicine system. Herb is reported as a Rasayana that has the potential to produce immunomodulatory effects. In the present study, the immunomodulatory effect of aqueous (AEAF) and ethanolic (EEAF) leaves extract of A. ficulneus (L.) Wight & Arn. in different experimental animal models were evaluated.

Results
Acute oral toxicity shows that both extracts have wide range of safety as per OECD 420 guidelines. Quantitative and qualitative analysis was evaluated by performing preliminary phytochemical screening, thin layer chromatography and high-performance thin layer chromatography developed for simultaneous quantification of flavonoids (quercetin) in both the extracts. Oral administration of A. ficulneus L. extracts showed a significant increase in the primary and secondary humoral antibody responses against cyclophosamide (100 mg/kg) induced immunosuppression, by significantly increasing (p < 0.05) the hemagglutinating antibody titre at dose of 200 mg/kg/p.o. and also significantly (p < 0.05) potentiated delayed type hypersensitivity reaction induced by sheep red blood cells. There was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the phagocytic index, percentage neutrophil adhesion and significantly prevented the mortality induced by bovine Pasteurella multocida in mice when compared with control group. Result findings shows that both the extracts have ability to inhibit immunosuppression induced by cyclophosamide.

Conclusion
Study finding shows that AEAF and EEAF (at dose 200 mg/kg) extracts exerts immunostimulatory effects on specific and nonspecific immune system thus chemical constituents of herbal extracts may have applications as an effective immunotherapeutic agent and its potential application in the treatment of immune-related diseases.
Synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial studies of pipemidic acid metal complexes
Authors: Siddiqi Ahsan Zamir , Mirza Agha Zeeshan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Pipemidic acid, like other quinolones, is susceptible against different organisms in vitro, and it was proved to be a preferred choice for certain indications. Previous studies reveal that concurrent administration of essential and trace elements with quinolones decreases gastrointestinal absorption, causing therapeutic failure. To study the probable interaction of pipemidic acid with essential and trace elements present in the human body, pipemidic acid has been reacted with magnesium, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, and cadmium, the complexes formed.

Results
The compounds were characterized by the melting point, conductance studies, IR, UV, 1H-NMR, CHN, and atomic absorption analysis.

Conclusion
The results suggested oxygen atoms present at carbonyl and carboxylic group render the bidentate6 property to the pipemidic acid. The antimicrobial activity of the compounds was determined by the disk diffusion method, and both standard and complexes show no antibacterial activity against the clinical isolates.
The Subsident Gulf: Refiguring Climate Change in Jesmyn Ward’s Bois Sauvage
Authors: McKisson Kelly 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article focuses on figures of subsidence in Jesmyn Ward’s novels of Bois Sauvage. Subsidence not only describes an actual process of sinking land in the US Gulf Coast bioregion but also refigures how those who study climate change can understand and address its material effects. A focus on subsidence makes visible the sometimes-invisible infrastructure of the ground, and analysis scaled to the figure of subsidence forces a reorientation of vision—away from rising sea levels and toward the destabilizing loss of land. From this perspective, Ward’s fiction identifies histories of colonial engineering, extraction, and displacement as key ecological dangers. Unsettling national narratives of the Gulf Coast, Ward’s subsident figurations connect issues of environmental emergency to structures of environmental racism, which unevenly enhance the precarity of certain communities by diminishing the ecological infrastructures of their lands. This article argues that literary fiction can produce new understandings of situated environmental challenges and can pose particular obligations for environmental justice.