bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imbalanced social-communicative and restricted repetitive behavior subtypes of autism spectrum disorder exhibit different neural circuitry
Authors: Bertelsen Natasha , Landi Isotta , Bethlehem Richard A. I. , Seidlitz Jakob , Busuoli Elena Maria , Mandelli Veronica , Satta Eleonora , Trakoshis Stavros , Auyeung Bonnie , Kundu Prantik , Loth Eva , Dumas Guillaume , Baumeister Sarah , Beckmann Christian F. , Bölte Sven , Bourgeron Thomas , Charman Tony , Durston Sarah , Ecker Christine , Holt Rosemary J. , Johnson Mark H. , Jones Emily J. H. , Mason Luke , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Moessnang Carolin , Oldehinkel Marianne , Persico Antonio M. , Tillmann Julian , Williams Steve C. R. , Spooren Will , Murphy Declan G. M. , Buitelaar Jan K. ,   the EU-AIMS LEAP group, Ahmad Jumana , Ambrosino Sara , Banaschewski Tobias , Bours Carsten , Brammer Michael , Brandeis Daniel , Brogna Claudia , de Bruijn Yvette , Chakrabarti Bhismadev , Chatham Chris , Cornelissen Ineke , Crawley Daisy , Dell’Acqua Flavio , Faulkner Jessica , Frouin Vincent , Garcés Pilar , Goyard David , Ham Lindsay , Hayward Hannah , Hipp Joerg , Holt Rosemary J. , D’ardhuy Xavier Liogier , Lythgoe David J. , Mandl René , Marquand Andre , Mennes Maarten , Mueller Nico , Oakley Bethany , O’Dwyer Laurence , Oranje Bob , Pandina Gahan , Persico Antonio M. , Ruggeri Barbara , Ruigrok Amber N. V. , Sabet Jessica , Sacco Roberto , Cáceres Antonia San José , Simonoff Emily , Toro Roberto , Tost Heike , Waldman Jack , Williams Steve C. R. , Wooldridge Caroline , Zwiers Marcel P. , Baron-Cohen Simon , Lai Meng-Chuan , Lombardo Michael V. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSocial-communication (SC) and restricted repetitive behaviors (RRB) are autism diagnostic symptom domains. SC and RRB severity can markedly differ within and between individuals and may be underpinned by different neural circuitry and genetic mechanisms. Modeling SC-RRB balance could help identify how neural circuitry and genetic mechanisms map onto such phenotypic heterogeneity. Here, we developed a phenotypic stratification model that makes highly accurate (97–99%) out-of-sample SC = RRB, SC > RRB, and RRB > SC subtype predictions. Applying this model to resting state fMRI data from the EU-AIMS LEAP dataset (n = 509), we find that while the phenotypic subtypes share many commonalities in terms of intrinsic functional connectivity, they also show replicable differences within some networks compared to a typically-developing group (TD). Specifically, the somatomotor network is hypoconnected with perisylvian circuitry in SC > RRB and visual association circuitry in SC = RRB. The SC = RRB subtype show hyperconnectivity between medial motor and anterior salience circuitry. Genes that are highly expressed within these networks show a differential enrichment pattern with known autism-associated genes, indicating that such circuits are affected by differing autism-associated genomic mechanisms. These results suggest that SC-RRB imbalance subtypes share many commonalities, but also express subtle differences in functional neural circuitry and the genomic underpinnings behind such circuitry.
Malfunctioning CD106-positive, short-term hematopoietic stem cells trigger diabetic neuropathy in mice by cell fusion
Authors: Katagi Miwako , Terashima Tomoya , Ohashi Natsuko , Nakae Yuki , Yamada Akane , Nakagawa Takahiko , Miyazawa Itsuko , Maegawa Hiroshi , Okano Junko , Suzuki Yoshihisa , Fujino Kazunori , Eguchi Yutaka , Kojima Hideto 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDiabetic neuropathy is an incurable disease. We previously identified a mechanism by which aberrant bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) pathologically expressing proinsulin/TNF-α fuse with residential neurons to impair neuronal function. Here, we show that CD106-positive cells represent a significant fraction of short-term hematopoietic stem cells (ST-HSCs) that contribute to the development of diabetic neuropathy in mice. The important role for these cells is supported by the fact that transplantation of either whole HSCs or CD106-positive ST-HSCs from diabetic mice to non-diabetic mice produces diabetic neuronal dysfunction in the recipient mice via cell fusion. Furthermore, we show that transient episodic hyperglycemia produced by glucose injections leads to abnormal fusion of pathological ST-HSCs with residential neurons, reproducing neuropathy in nondiabetic mice. In conclusion, we have identified hyperglycemia-induced aberrant CD106-positive ST-HSCs underlie the development of diabetic neuropathy. Aberrant CD106-positive ST-HSCs constitute a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy.
Molecular basis for the disruption of Keap1–Nrf2 interaction via Hinge & Latch mechanism
Authors: Horie Yuta , Suzuki Takafumi , Inoue Jin , Iso Tatsuro , Wells Geoffrey , Moore Terry W. , Mizushima Tsunehiro , Dinkova-Kostova Albena T. , Kasai Takuma , Kamei Takashi , Koshiba Seizo , Yamamoto Masayuki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Keap1-Nrf2 system is central for mammalian cytoprotection against various stresses and a drug target for disease prevention and treatment. One model for the molecular mechanisms leading to Nrf2 activation is the Hinge-Latch model, where the DLGex-binding motif of Nrf2 dissociates from Keap1 as a latch, while the ETGE motif remains attached to Keap1 as a hinge. To overcome the technical difficulties in examining the binding status of the two motifs during protein-protein interaction (PPI) simultaneously, we utilized NMR spectroscopy titration experiments. Our results revealed that latch dissociation is triggered by low-molecular-weight Keap1-Nrf2 PPI inhibitors and occurs during p62-mediated Nrf2 activation, but not by electrophilic Nrf2 inducers. This study demonstrates that Keap1 utilizes a unique Hinge-Latch mechanism for Nrf2 activation upon challenge by non-electrophilic PPI-inhibiting stimuli, and provides critical insight for the pharmacological development of next-generation Nrf2 activators targeting the Keap1-Nrf2 PPI.
High sensitivity analysis of nanogram quantities of glycosaminoglycans using ToF-SIMS
Authors: Hook Andrew L. , Hogwood John , Gray Elaine , Mulloy Barbara , Merry Catherine L. R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGlycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are important biopolymers that differ in the sequence of saccharide units and in post polymerisation alterations at various positions, making these complex molecules challenging to analyse. Here we describe an approach that enables small quantities (<200 ng) of over 400 different GAGs to be analysed within a short time frame (3–4 h). Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) together with multivariate analysis is used to analyse the entire set of GAG samples. Resultant spectra are derived from the whole molecules and do not require pre-digestion. All 6 possible GAG types are successfully discriminated, both alone and in the presence of fibronectin. We also distinguish between pharmaceutical grade heparin, derived from different animal species and from different suppliers, to a sensitivity as low as 0.001 wt%. This approach is likely to be highly beneficial in the quality control of GAGs produced for therapeutic applications and for characterising GAGs within biomaterials or from in vitro cell culture.
Ultrafast excited state dynamics and light-switching of [Ru(phen)2(dppz)]2+ in G-quadruplex DNA
Authors: Yang Chunfan , Zhou Qian , Jiao Zeqing , Zhao Hongmei , Huang Chun-Hua , Zhu Ben-Zhan , Su Hongmei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe triplet metal to ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) luminescence of ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes offers attractive imaging properties, specifically towards the development of sensitive and structure-specific DNA probes. However, rapidly-deactivating dark state formation may compete with 3MLCT luminescence depending on different DNA structures. In this work, by combining femtosecond and nanosecond pump-probe spectroscopy, the 3MLCT relaxation dynamics of [Ru(phen)2(dppz)]2+ (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, dppz = dipyridophenazine) in two iconic G-quadruplexes has been scrutinized. The binding modes of stacking of dppz ligand on the terminal G-quartet fully and partially are clearly identified based on the biexponential decay dynamics of the 3MLCT luminescence at 620 nm. Interestingly, the inhibited dark state channel in ds-DNA is open in G-quadruplex, featuring an ultrafast picosecond depopulation process from 3MLCT to a dark state. The dark state formation rates are found to be sensitive to the content of water molecules in local G-quadruplex structures, indicating different patterns of bound water. The unique excited state dynamics of [Ru(phen)2(dppz)]2+ in G-quadruplex is deciphered, providing mechanistic basis for the rational design of photoactive ruthenium metal complexes in biological applications.
The chiral Hall effect in canted ferromagnets and antiferromagnets
Authors: Kipp Jonathan , Samanta Kartik , Lux Fabian R. , Merte Maximilian , Go Dongwook , Hanke Jan-Philipp , Redies Matthias , Freimuth Frank , Blügel Stefan , Ležaić Marjana , Mokrousov Yuriy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe anomalous Hall effect has been indispensable in our understanding of numerous magnetic phenomena. This concerns both ferromagnetic materials, as well as diverse classes of antiferromagnets, where in addition to the anomalous and recently discovered crystal Hall effect, the topological Hall effect in noncoplanar antiferromagnets has been a subject of intensive research in the past decades. Here, we uncover a distinct flavor of the Hall effect emerging in generic canted spin systems. We demonstrate that upon canting, the anomalous Hall effect acquires a contribution which is sensitive to the sense of imprinted vector chirality among spins. We explore the origins and basic properties of corresponding chiral Hall effect, and closely tie it to the symmetry properties of the system. Our findings suggest that the chiral Hall effect and corresponding chiral magneto-optical effects emerge as useful tools in characterizing an interplay of structure and chirality in complex magnets, as well as in tracking their chiral dynamics and fluctuations.
Size dependent nature of the magnetic-field driven superconductor-to-insulator quantum-phase transitions
Authors: Zhang Xiaofu , Lita Adriana E. , Liu Huanlong , Verma Varun B. , Zhou Qiang , Nam Sae Woo , Schilling Andreas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe nature of the magnetic-field driven superconductor-to-insulator quantum-phase transition in two-dimensional systems at zero temperature has been under debate since the 1980s, and became even more controversial after the observation of a quantum-Griffiths singularity. Whether it is induced by quantum fluctuations of the superconducting phase and the localization of Cooper pairs, or is directly driven by depairing of these pairs, remains an open question. We herein experimentally demonstrate that in weakly-pinning systems and in the limit of infinitely wide films, a sequential superconductor-to-Bose insulator-to-Fermi insulator quantum-phase transition takes place. By limiting their size to smaller than the effective penetration depth, however, the vortex interaction alters, and the superconducting state re-enters the Bose-insulating state. As a consequence, one observes a direct superconductor-to-Fermi insulator in the zero-temperature limit. In narrow films, the associated critical-exponent products diverge along the corresponding phase boundaries with increasing magnetic field, which is a hallmark of the quantum-Griffiths singularity.
Micro-slips in an experimental granular shear band replicate the spatiotemporal characteristics of natural earthquakes
Authors: Houdoux David , Amon Axelle , Marsan David , Weiss Jérôme , Crassous Jérôme 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMemory effects in seismology—such as the occurrence of aftershock sequences—are implicitly assumed to be governed by the time since the main event. However, experiments are yet to identify if memory effects are structural or time-dependent mechanisms. Here, we use laser interferometry to examine the fluctuations of deformation which naturally emerge along an experimental shear fault within a compressed frictional granular medium. We find that deformation occurs as a succession of localized micro-slips distributed along the fault. The associated distributions of released seismic moments, as well as the memory effects in strain fluctuations and the time correlations between successive events, follow exactly the empirical laws of natural earthquakes. We use a methodology initially developed in seismology to reveal at the laboratory scale the underlying causal structure of this behavior and identify the triggering kernel. We propose that strain, not time, controls the memory effects in our fault analog.
Ensemble forecasting greatly expands the prediction horizon for ocean mesoscale variability
Authors: Thoppil Prasad G. , Frolov Sergey , Rowley Clark D. , Reynolds Carolyn A. , Jacobs Gregg A. , Joseph Metzger E. , Hogan Patrick J. , Barton Neil , Wallcraft Alan J. , Smedstad Ole Martin , Shriver Jay F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMesoscale eddies dominate energetics of the ocean, modify mass, heat and freshwater transport and primary production in the upper ocean. However, the forecast skill horizon for ocean mesoscales in current operational models is shorter than 10 days: eddy-resolving ocean models, with horizontal resolution finer than 10 km in mid-latitudes, represent mesoscale dynamics, but mesoscale initial conditions are hard to constrain with available observations. Here we analyze a suite of ocean model simulations at high (1/25°) and lower (1/12.5°) resolution and compare with an ensemble of lower-resolution simulations. We show that the ensemble forecast significantly extends the predictability of the ocean mesoscales to between 20 and 40 days. We find that the lack of predictive skill in data assimilative deterministic ocean models is due to high uncertainty in the initial location and forecast of mesoscale features. Ensemble simulations account for this uncertainty and filter-out unconstrained scales. We suggest that advancements in ensemble analysis and forecasting should complement the current focus on high-resolution modeling of the ocean.
Snowfall-albedo feedbacks could have led to deglaciation of snowball Earth starting from mid-latitudes
Authors: de Vrese Philipp , Stacke Tobias , Caves Rugenstein Jeremy , Goodman Jason , Brovkin Victor 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSimple and complex climate models suggest a hard snowball – a completely ice-covered planet – is one of the steady-states of Earth’s climate. However, a seemingly insurmountable challenge to the hard-snowball hypothesis lies in the difficulty in explaining how the planet could have exited the glaciated state within a realistic range of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. Here, we use simulations with the Earth system model MPI-ESM to demonstrate that terminal deglaciation could have been triggered by high dust deposition fluxes. In these simulations, deglaciation is not initiated in the tropics, where a strong hydrological cycle constantly regenerates fresh snow at the surface, which limits the dust accumulation and snow aging, resulting in a high surface albedo. Instead, comparatively low precipitation rates in the mid-latitudes in combination with high maximum temperatures facilitate lower albedos and snow dynamics that – for extreme dust fluxes – trigger deglaciation even at present-day carbon dioxide levels.
Identification and validation of ADME genes as prognosis and therapy markers for hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Authors: Wang Jukun , Han Ke , Zhang Chao , Chen Xin , Li Yu , Zhu Linzhong , Luo Tao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose: ADME genes are genes involved in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). Previous studies report that expression levels of ADME-related genes correlate with prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. However, the role of ADME gene expression on HCC prognosis has not been fully explored. The present study sought to construct a prediction model using ADME-related genes for prognosis of HCC.
Methods: Transcriptome and clinical data were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC), which were used as training and validation cohorts, respectively. A prediction model was constructed using univariate Cox regression and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) analysis. Patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups based on the median risk score. The predictive ability of the risk signature was estimated through bioinformatics analyses.
Results: Six ADME-related genes (CYP2C9, ABCB6, ABCC5, ADH4, DHRS13, and SLCO2A1) were used to construct the prediction model with a good predictive ability. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed the risk signature was an independent predictor of overall survival (OS). A single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) strategy showed a significant relationship between risk signature and immune status. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses showed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the high- and low-risk groups were enriched in biological process (BP) associated with metabolic and cell cycle pathways.
Conclusion: A prediction model was constructed using six ADME-related genes for prediction of HCC prognosis. This signature can be used to improve HCC diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis in clinical use.
An unsupervised person re‐identification approach based on cross‐view distribution alignment
Authors: Jia Xibin , Wang Xing , Mi Qing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUnsupervised clustering is a kind of popular solution for unsupervised person re‐identification (re‐ID). However, due to the influence of cross‐view differences, the results of clustering labels are not accurate. To solve this problem, an unsupervised re ID method based on cross‐view distributed alignment (CV‐DA) to reduce the influence of unsupervised cross‐view is proposed. Specifically, based on a popular unsupervised clustering method, density clustering DBSCAN is used to obtain pseudo labels. By calculating the similarity scores of images in the target domain and the source domain, the similarity distribution of different camera views is obtained and is aligned with the distribution with the consistency constraint of pseudo labels. The cross‐view distribution alignment constraint is used to guide the clustering process to obtain a more reliable pseudo label. The comprehensive comparative experiments are done in two public datasets, i.e. Market‐1501 and DukeMTMC‐reID. The comparative results show that the proposed method outperforms several state‐of‐the‐art approaches with mAP reaching 52.6% and rank1 71.1%. In order to prove the effectiveness of the proposed CV‐DA, the proposed constraint is added into two advanced re‐ID methods. The experimental results demonstrate that the mAP and rank increase by 0.5–2% after using the cross‐view distribution alignment constraint comparing with that of the associated original methods without using CV‐DA.
Sulfur-Based Chiral Iodoarenes: An Underexplored Class of Chiral Hypervalent Iodine Reagents
Authors: Wirth Thomas , Elsherbini Mohamed , Osi Arnaud , Alharbi Haifa , Karam Fatemah 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChiral hypervalent iodine reagents are active players in modern stereoselective organic synthesis. Structurally diverse chiral hypervalent iodine reagents have been synthesised and extensively studied, but hypervalent iodine reagents containing chiral sulfur stereogenic centre are scarce and their synthesis is challenging. A small library of iodoarenes containing chiral sulfinamide and chiral sulfoximine moieties has been synthesised using commercially available reagents. The oxidation of the chiral iodoarene precursors to iodine(III) reagents was cumbersome due to facile overoxidation of the sulfoxide moiety and hence loss of chirality under various oxidation conditions. Oxidation of chiral sulfonimidoyl derivatives to the corresponding hypervalent iodine reagents was successful and led to novel sulfur-based chiral iodine(III) reagents.
Use of Vasopressors in Extremely Preterm Infants in First Week of Life
Authors: Zaveri Parul G. , Walker Amanda M. , Upadhyay Kirtikumar , Talati Ajay J. 
Published: May 2021

Objective A significant variability exists for diagnosis and treatment of hypotension in extremely preterm infants. Benefits of the use of vasopressors remain unclear. We wanted to identify the risk factors associated with use of vasopressors in the first week of life and their impact on outcomes of extremely preterm infants.
Study Design Retrospective review of all newborns ≤28 weeks of gestational age (GA) admitted in neonatal intensive care unit from October 1, 2012, to October 31, 2015, done. Data regarding antenatal and neonatal characteristics and outcomes were recorded. Study infants were divided into two cohorts and compared based on vasopressor use. Chi-square, t-test, and multiple logistic regression were performed as appropriate and significance set at p <0.05.
Results Of 213 extremely preterm infants, 90 (42.3%) received vasopressors in first week of life. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) at admission in these infants was significantly lower than that of infants who did not require vasopressors (27 ± 8 vs. 30 ± 6 mm Hg, p < 0.05). Vasopressors were initiated within 24 hours in 91% of babies. After controlling for other variables, use of vasopressors was significantly higher in infants with lower birth weight (odds ratio [OR]: 3.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6–8.3), 5-minute Apgar's score ≤5 (OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2–3.12), and admission hypothermia (OR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.3–4.9). The use of vasopressors was significantly associated with severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), even after controlling for other significant variables (OR: 5.9, 95% CI: 1.6–9.3).
Conclusion Lower birth weight, low 5-minute Apgar's score, and admission hypothermia are characteristics associated with early use of vasopressors in extremely preterm infants. Infants treated with vasopressors are at a higher risk of developing severe IVH.
Key Points
Informing action for United Nations SDG target 8.7 and interdependent SDGs: Examining modern slavery from space
Authors: Boyd Doreen S. , Perrat Bertrand , Li Xiaodong , Jackson Bethany , Landman Todd , Ling Feng , Bales Kevin , Choi-Fitzpatrick Austin , Goulding James , Marsh Stuart , Foody Giles M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article provides an example of the ways in which remote sensing, Earth observation, and machine learning can be deployed to provide the most up to date quantitative portrait of the South Asian ‘Brick Belt’, with a view to understanding the extent of the prevalence of modern slavery and exploitative labour. This analysis represents the first of its kind in estimating the spatiotemporal patterns in the Bull’s Trench Kilns across the Brick Belt, as well as its connections with various UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). With a principal focus on Sustainable Development Goal Target 8.7 regarding the effective measures to end modern slavery by 2030, the article provides additional evidence on the intersections that exist between SDG 8.7 and those relating to urbanisation (SDG 11, 12), environmental degradation and pollution (SDG 3, 14, 15), and climate change (SDG 13). Our findings are then used to make a series of pragmatic suggestions for mitigating the most extreme SDG risks associated with brick production in ways that can improve human lives and human freedom.