bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel framework for rapid diagnosis of COVID-19 on computed tomography scans
Authors: Akram Tallha , Attique Muhammad , Gul Salma , Shahzad Aamir , Altaf Muhammad , Naqvi S. Syed Rameez , Damaševičius Robertas , Maskeliūnas Rytis 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSince the emergence of COVID-19, thousands of people undergo chest X-ray and computed tomography scan for its screening on everyday basis. This has increased the workload on radiologists, and a number of cases are in backlog. This is not only the case for COVID-19, but for the other abnormalities needing radiological diagnosis as well. In this work, we present an automated technique for rapid diagnosis of COVID-19 on computed tomography images. The proposed technique consists of four primary steps: (1) data collection and normalization, (2) extraction of the relevant features, (3) selection of the most optimal features and (4) feature classification. In the data collection step, we collect data for several patients from a public domain website, and perform preprocessing, which includes image resizing. In the successive step, we apply discrete wavelet transform and extended segmentation-based fractal texture analysis methods for extracting the relevant features. This is followed by application of an entropy controlled genetic algorithm for selection of the best features from each feature type, which are combined using a serial approach. In the final phase, the best features are subjected to various classifiers for the diagnosis. The proposed framework, when augmented with the Naive Bayes classifier, yields the best accuracy of 92.6%. The simulation results are supported by a detailed statistical analysis as a proof of concept.
Sexually Dimorphic Growth Stimulation in a Strain of Growth Hormone Transgenic Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)
Authors: Chan Michelle T. T. , Muttray Annette , Sakhrani Dionne , Woodward Krista , Kim Jin-Hyoung , Christensen Kris A. , Koop Ben F. , Devlin Robert H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGrowth hormone (GH) transgenic fish often exhibit remarkable transformations in growth rate and other phenotypes relative to wild-type. The 5750A transgenic coho salmon strain exhibits strong sexually dimorphic growth, with females possessing growth stimulation at a level typical of that seen for both sexes in other strains harbouring the same gene construct (e.g. M77), while males display a modest level of growth stimulation. GH mRNA levels were significantly higher in females than in males of the 5750A strain but equivalent in the M77 strain, indicating sex and transgene insertion locus altered transgene expression. We found that acute estradiol treatments did not influence GH expression in either strain (5750A and M77) or the transgene promoter (metallothionein-B), suggesting that estradiol level was not a significant factor influencing transgene activity. The feminization of XX and XY fish of the 5750A and M77 strains generated all-female groups and resulted in equalized growth of the two genetic sexes, suggesting that the presence of the Y chromosome was not directly capable of influencing the GH transgene–mediated growth in a physiological female conditions. These data suggest that the difference in growth rate seen between the sexes in the 5750A strain arises from non-estradiol-mediated sex influences on gene regulation at the transgene locus. This study shows how genetic factors and transgene insertion sites can influence transgene expression with significant consequent effects on phenotype.
Evaluation of the ventriculocholecystic shunt—an overview of present practice in adult and pediatric hydrocephalus
Authors: Morosanu Cezar Octavian , Priscu Adelina , Florian Ioan Stefan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the context of hydrocephalus, there are a multitude of therapeutic options that can be explored in order to improve patient outcomes. Although the peritoneum is the current elected clinical solution, various receptacles have been utilized when experiencing contraindications. Along with the ventriculoatrial or ventriculopleural, the ventriculocholecystic shunt was also described as an alternative. In order to make a decision on a place for drainage, the surgeon must be knowledgeable on details from modern literature. The main target of this review was to summarize the currently available information on this topic and assess the status of the gallbladder as a viable option for cerebrospinal fluid diversion.
Exposure to Bullying and General Psychopathology: A Prospective, Longitudinal Study
Authors: Rijlaarsdam Jolien , Cecil Charlotte A. M. , Buil J. Marieke , van Lier Pol A. C. , Barker Edward D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlthough there is mounting evidence that the experience of being bullied associates with both internalizing and externalizing symptoms, it is not known yet whether the identified associations are specific to these symptoms, or shared between them. The primary focus of this study is to assess the prospective associations of bullying exposure with both general and specific (i.e., internalizing, externalizing) factors of psychopathology. This study included data from 6,210 children participating in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Child bullying was measured by self-report at ages 8 and 10 years. Child psychopathology symptoms were assessed by parent-interview, using the Development and Well-being Assessment (DAWBA) at ages 7 and 13 years. Bullying exposure significantly associated with the general psychopathology factor in early adolescence. In particular, chronically victimized youth exposed to multiple forms of bullying (i.e., both overt and relational) showed higher levels of general psychopathology. Bullying exposure also associated with both internalizing and externalizing factors from the correlated-factors model. However, the effect estimates for these factors decreased considerably in size and dropped to insignificant for the internalizing factor after extracting the shared variance that belongs to the general factor of psychopathology. Using an integrative longitudinal model, we found that higher levels of general psychopathology at age 7 also associated with bullying exposure at age 8 which, in turn, associated with general psychopathology at age 13 through its two-year continuity. Findings suggest that exposure to bullying is a risk factor for a more general vulnerability to psychopathology.
Editorial S.I: Early Identification in Autism Spectrum Disorders: The Present and Future, and Advances in Early Identification
Authors: Øien Roald A. , Vivanti Giacomo , Robins Diana L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEarly identification of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is considered by most scholars and clinicians to be a feasible and useful step for improving the wellbeing of individuals on the autism spectrum and their families. Arguments supporting early detection efforts include the benefit of earlier access to services providing autism-specific evidence-based interventions (Vivanti et al., Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(7), 2441–2449, 2016; Zwaigenbaum et al., Pediatrics, 136(Suppl), S10–S40, 2015), and its potential to mitigate or even prevent the challenges associated with ASD symptoms, reduce care costs, and improve the quality of life and productivity of individuals with ASD (Constantino et al., Pediatrics, 146(3), e20193629, 2020; Jacobson et al., Behavioral Interventions, 13(4), 201–226, 1998; Jacobson and Mulick, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30(6), 585–593, 2000). Nevertheless, controversies and challenges in this field exist.
Some Forms of Collectively Bringing About or ‘Seeing to it that’
Authors: Sergot Marek 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOne of the best known approaches to the logic of agency are the ‘stit’ (‘seeing to it that’) logics. Often, it is not the actions of an individual agent that bring about a certain outcome but the joint actions of a set of agents, collectively. Collective agency has received comparatively little attention in ‘stit’. The paper maps out several different forms, several different senses in which a particular set of agents, collectively, can be said to bring about a certain outcome, and examines how these forms can be expressed in ‘stit’ and stit-like logics. The outcome that is brought about may be unintentional, and perhaps even accidental; the account deliberately ignores aspects such as joint intention, communication between agents, awareness of other agents’ intentions and capabilities, even the awareness of another agent’s existence. The aim is to investigate what can be said about collective agency when all such considerations are ignored, besides mere consequences of joint actions. The account will be related to the ‘strictly stit’ of Belnap and Perloff (Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence 9(1–2), 25–48 1993) and their suggestions concerning ‘inessential members’ and ‘mere bystanders’. We will adjust some of those conjectures and distinguish further between ‘potentially contributing bystanders’ and ‘impotent bystanders’.
When time becomes personal. Aging and personal identity
Authors: Sternad Christian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAging is an integral part of human existence. The problem of aging addresses the most fundamental coordinates of our lives but also the ones of the phenomenological method: time, embodiment, subjectivity and intersubjectivity, and even the social norms that grow into the very notion of aging as such. In my article, I delineate a phenomenological analysis of aging and show how such an analysis connects with the debate concerning personal identity: I claim that aging is not merely a physical process, but is far more significantly also a spiritual one as the process of aging consists in our awareness of and conscious relation to our aging. This spiritual process takes place on an individual and on a social level, whereas the latter is the more primordial layer of this experience. This complicates the question of personal identity since it will raise the question in two ways, namely who I am for myself and who I am for the others, and in a further step how the latter experience shapes the former. However, we can state that aging is neither only physical nor only spiritual. It concerns my bodily processes as it concerns the complex reflexive structure that relates my former self with my present and even future self.
The Impact of a Standardized Pre-visit Laboratory Testing Panel in the Internal Medicine Outpatient Clinic: a Controlled “On-Off” Trial
Authors: Vrijsen B. E. L. , ten Berg M. J. , Naaktgeboren C. A. , Vis J. Y. , Dijstelbloem H. M. , Westerink J. , Dekker D. , Hoefer I. E. , Haitjema S. , Hulsbergen-Veelken C. A. R. , van Solinge W. W. , Kaasjager H. A. H. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
In several settings, a shorter time to diagnosis has been shown to lead to improved clinical outcomes. The implementation of a rapid laboratory testing allows for a pre-visit testing in the outpatient clinic, meaning that test results are available during the first outpatient visit.

Objective
To determine whether the pre-visit laboratory testing leads to a shorter time to diagnosis in the general internal medicine outpatient clinic.

Design
An “on-off” trial, allocating subjects to one of two treatment arms in consecutive alternating blocks.

Participants
All new referrals to the internal medicine outpatient clinic of a university hospital were included, excluding second opinions. A total of 595 patients were eligible; one person declined to participate, leaving data from 594 patients for analysis.

Intervention
In the intervention group, patients had a standardized pre-visit laboratory testing before the first visit.

Main Measures
The primary outcome was the time to diagnosis. Secondary outcomes were the correctness of the preliminary diagnosis on the first day, health care utilization, and patient and physician satisfaction.

Key Results
There was no difference in time to diagnosis between the two groups (median 35 days vs 35 days; hazard ratio 1.03 [0.87–1.22]; p = .71). The pre-visit testing group had higher proportions of both correct preliminary diagnoses on day 1 (24% vs 14%; p = .003) and diagnostic workups being completed on day 1 (10% vs 3%; p < .001). The intervention group had more laboratory tests done (50.0 [interquartile range (IQR) 39.0–69.0] vs 43.0 [IQR 31.0–68.5]; p < .001). Otherwise, there were no differences between the groups.

Conclusions
Pre-visit testing did not lead to a shorter overall time to diagnosis. However, a greater proportion of patients had a correct diagnosis on the first day. Further studies should focus on customizing pre-visit laboratory panels, to improve their efficacy.

Trial Registration
NL5009
Die Evaluation von Qualität – Ein Methodenvergleich anhand von Nachwuchsleistungszentren im deutschen Profifußball
Authors: Lanwehr Ralf , Honsel Martina , Wilms Rafael 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungIm vorliegenden Beitrag für die Zeitschrift „Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO)“ wird eine – bezogen auf Annahmen und Aufwand – ökonomischere Evaluationsstrategie auf Basis von öffentlich verfügbaren Daten entwickelt und empirisch überprüft. Bislang wurde der Erfolg von Nachwuchsleistungszentren (NLZ) im deutschen Profifußball über aufwändige Expertenschätzungen der Qualität der aufgebauten organisationalen Ressourcen gemessen. Es wurde eine minderungskorrigierte, konvergente Validität in Höhe von r = 0,84 zwischen dem inputorientierten, extrem personal- und kostenintensiven bisherigen Verfahren und unserem outputorientierten Indikator gefunden. Die Ergebnisse werden diskutiert und mit Ratschlägen für die weitere Umsetzung verbunden.
Reliability and Reproducibility of Absolute Myocardial Blood Flow: Does It Depend on the PET/CT Technology, the Vasodilator, and/or the Software?
Authors: Gould K. Lance , Bui Linh , Kitkungvan Danai , Patel Monica B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe COURAGE and ISCHEMIA trials showed no reduced mortality after revascularization compared to medical treatment. Is this lack of benefit due to revascularization having no benefit regardless of CAD severity or to suboptimal patient selection due to non-quantitative cardiac imaging?Recent FindingsComprehensive, integrated, myocardial perfusion quantified by regional pixel distribution of coronary flow capacity (CFC) is the final common expression of objective CAD severity for which revascularization reduces mortality. Current lack of revascularization benefit derives from narrow thinking focused on measuring one isolated aspect of coronary characteristics, such as angiogram stenosis, its fractional flow reserve (FFR), anatomic FFR simulations, relative stress imaging, absolute stress ml/min/g or coronary flow reserve (CFR) alone, or even more narrowly on global CFR or fixed regions of interest in assumed coronary artery distributions, or in arbitrary 17 segments on bull’s-eye displays, rather than regional pixel distribution of perfusion metrics as they actually are in an individual.SummaryComprehensive integration of all quantitative perfusion metrics per regional pixel into coronary flow capacity guides artery-specific interventions for reduced mortality in non-acute CAD but requires addressing the methodologic questions in the title.
Cancer Mortality and Long-Term Environmental Exposure of Cadmium in Contaminated Community Based on a Third Retrospective Cause of Death Investigation of Residents Living in the Guangdong Province from 2004 to 2005
Authors: Jiang Aili , Gong Lijuan , Ding Hao , Wang Mao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study compared the temporal and geographic trends of cancer in China with a specific focus on the long-term exposure to soil cadmium (Cd) pollution. The geographic information system (GIS; kriging interpolation method) was used to detect the Cd contained in the soil from the Dabaoshan area, Guangdong Province. The standard rate ratio (SRR) was calculated to describe the relationship between Cd exposure and cancer mortality risk using the low-exposure group as a reference. Eight hundred six cancer deaths (533 male and 273 female) in the total population of 972,970 were identified, and the age-standardized rate (world) was 145.64 per 100,000. Significant dose-response relationships were found using the low-exposure group as the reference group. The Cd soil levels were positively associated with the cancer mortality risk in the community population, particularly for all cancers (SRR = 3.27; 95% CI = 2.42–4.55), esophageal cancer (SRR = 5.42; 95% CI = 1.07–30.56), stomach cancer (SRR = 5.99; 95% CI = 2.00–18.66), liver cancer (SRR = 4.45; 95% CI = 2.16–10.34), and lung cancer (SRR = 2.86; 95% CI = 1.62–5.31) for the total population. Additionally, similar results were obtained when using the 2000 China standard population. Cd exposure significantly affected the standardized mortality rates (China) by age group for all cancers, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, and lung cancer in the total population, particularly in the age groups of 35–54, 55–74, and ≥ 75 years, respectively. Cd soil level is likely positively associated with increased cancer mortality of all cancer types and esophageal, stomach, liver, and lung cancers but not for other specific categories of cancer.
Diagnosis and supportive therapeutic management of cardiac light chain amyloidosis—a cardiologist’s perspective
Authors: Binder Christina , Duca Franz 
Published: January 2021

SummaryCardiac amyloidosis is caused by deposition of abnormally folded proteins (amyloid). The most common forms of amyloidosis which present with cardiac involvement are light-chain amyloidosis (AL) and transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR). Even with novel treatments emerging, the prognosis of these patients remains poor once amyloid deposits in the heart. Therefore, knowledge on clinical and imaging features of cardiac amyloidosis is crucial to make an early diagnosis and improve patient outcomes. This article reviews the most important diagnostic findings of cardiac amyloidosis and gives an overview on the therapeutic management of these patients, including supportive-, device- and disease-specific drug therapies focusing on AL amyloidosis.
Design Methodology of a Passive Vibration Isolation System for an Optical System With Sensitive Line-of-Sight
Authors: Qi Keqi , Dai Lei , Wang Shaoxin , Yang Yongming , Ding Yalin , Fang Chao , Lin Chao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe performance of an optical system with sensitive line-of-sight (LOS) is influenced by rotational vibration. In view of this, a design methodology is proposed for a passive vibration isolation system in an optical system with sensitive LOS. Rotational vibration is attributed to two sources: transmitted from the mounting base and generated by modal coupling. Therefore, the elimination of the rotational vibration caused by coupling becomes an important part of the design of the isolation system. Additionally, the decoupling conditions of the system can be obtained. When the system is totally decoupled, the vibration on each degree of freedom (DOF) can be analyzed independently. Therefore, the stiffness and damping coefficient on each DOF could be obtained by limiting the vibration transmissibility, in accordance to actual requirements. The design of a vibration isolation system must be restricted by the size and shape of the payload and the installation space, and the layout constrains are thus also discussed.
Graphene-Fiber Biochemical Sensors: Principles, Implementations, and Advances
Authors: An Ning , Qin Chenye , Li Yiwei , Tan Teng , Yuan Zhongye , Zhang Hao , Wu Yu , Yao Baicheng , Rao Yunjiang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSingle atomically thick graphene, with unique structural flexibility, surface sensitivity, and effective light-mater interaction, has shown exceptional advances in optoelectronics. It opens a door for diverse functionalized photonic devices, ranging from passive polarizers to active lasers and parametric oscillators. Among them, graphene-fiber biochemical sensors combine the merits of both graphene and fiber structures, demonstrating impressively high performances, such as single-molecule detectability and fast responsibility. These graphene-fiber biochemical sensors can offer tools in various applications, such as gas tracing, chemical analysis, and medical testing. In this paper, we review the emerging graphene-fiber biochemical sensors comprehensively, including the sensing principles, device fabrications, systematic implementations, and advanced applications. Finally, we summarize the state-of-the-art graphene-fiber biochemical sensors and put forward our outlooks on the development in the future.
Current challenges in modelling vibrational fatigue and fracture of structures: a review
Authors: Kamei Khangamlung , Khan Muhammad A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFatigue damage is a concern in the engineering applications particularly for metal structures. The design phase of a structure considers factors that can prevent or delay the fatigue and fracture failures and increase its working life. This paper compiled some of the past efforts to share the modelling challenges. It provides an overview on the existing research complexities in the area of fatigue and fracture modelling. This paper reviews the previous research work under five prominent challenges: assessing fatigue damage accurately under the vibration-based loads, complications in fatigue and fracture life estimation, intricacy in fatigue crack propagation, quantification of cracks and stochastic response of structure under thermal environment. In the conclusion, the authors have suggested new directions of work that still require comprehensive research efforts to bridge the existing gap in the current academic domain due to the highlighted challenges.