bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Augmenting efficient real‐time surgical instrument segmentation in video with point tracking and Segment Anything
Authors: Wu Zijian , Schmidt Adam , Kazanzides Peter , Salcudean Septimiu E. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Segment Anything model (SAM) is a powerful vision foundation model that is revolutionizing the traditional paradigm of segmentation. Despite this, a reliance on prompting each frame and large computational cost limit its usage in robotically assisted surgery. Applications, such as augmented reality guidance, require little user intervention along with efficient inference to be usable clinically. This study addresses these limitations by adopting lightweight SAM variants to meet the efficiency requirement and employing fine‐tuning techniques to enhance their generalization in surgical scenes. Recent advancements in tracking any point have shown promising results in both accuracy and efficiency, particularly when points are occluded or leave the field of view. Inspired by this progress, a novel framework is presented that combines an online point tracker with a lightweight SAM model that is fine‐tuned for surgical instrument segmentation. Sparse points within the region of interest are tracked and used to prompt SAM throughout the video sequence, providing temporal consistency. The quantitative results surpass the state‐of‐the‐art semi‐supervised video object segmentation method XMem on the EndoVis 2015 dataset with 84.8 IoU and 91.0 Dice. The method achieves promising performance that is comparable to XMem and transformer‐based fully supervised segmentation methods on ex vivo UCL dVRK and in vivo CholecSeg8k datasets. In addition, the proposed method shows promising zero‐shot generalization ability on the label‐free STIR dataset. In terms of efficiency, the method was tested on a single GeForce RTX 4060/4090 GPU respectively, achieving an over 25/90 FPS inference speed. Code is available at: https://github.com/zijianwu1231/SIS‐PT‐SAM.
Calculation and experimental verification of equivalent distributed circuit model based on refined iron core modelling
Authors: Liu Yunpeng , Chen Guanyu , Xu Fuseng , Zhao Tao , Liu Hongliang , Sun Lu , Guo Jiayi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis research introduces an equivalent circuit model and a computational method to address complex mechanical motion issues through electromechanical analogies. The study initially refines core vibration characteristics using single‐ and multi‐degree‐of‐freedom models, subsequently establishing equivalent circuit models for these various degrees of freedom. However, employing high degree‐of‐freedom models for detailed modelling of the core proves overly cumbersome. The research advocates for a distributed equivalent circuit model to more accurately represent the core's layered structure, thus facilitating enhanced core modelling. Moreover, the study formulates a mechanical wave transmission equation pertinent to the vibration of the iron core, which constitutes the foundation of the distributed mechanical vibration model. This model comprehensively assesses the impact of three critical factors on core vibration: the non‐linearity of winding resistance, the electromechanical coupling coefficient, and the dynamic stiffness of the core. A case study elucidates the distinct influences of each factor on vibration characteristics. Furthermore, this study derives vibration calculations from a 60‐day overload ageing test conducted on a 10 kV transformer under 135°C overload conditions. The methodology involves integrating measured compression force values and the calculated dynamic stiffness of the core into an equivalent circuit model. Subsequent analysis compares the results from the equivalent circuit model with experimental measurements. These comparisons indicate an agreement between the calculated and measured values in the time–frequency domain, thereby confirming the accuracy of the equivalent circuit model calculations.
Quantitative grading of insulation damage to distribution transformers caused by high‐altitude electromagnetic pulse based on partial discharge detection
Authors: Qin Feng , Li Simeng , Chen Wei , Yang Yuxiang , Nie Xin , Wu Wei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDistribution transformers may experience insulation breakdown or degradation when exposed to the influences of high‐altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP), thus posing significant threats and uncertainties to the safety and stable operations of power systems. Therefore, this study constructs a HEMP impact‐test platform for distribution transformers, evaluates and analyses the development patterns of partial discharge (PD) under the action of different amplitude conduction environments, decomposes and identifies the types of damage defects, proposes a quantitative classification method for the degree of HEMP damage to distribution transformers based on PD detection. And reveals the damage mechanism of distribution transformers exposed to HEMP at different damage levels. The results show that distribution transformers undergo insulation breakdown when subjected to the influences of HEMP and that performance degradation often occurs before breakdown. As the amplitude of the HEMP environment increases, the degree of transformer damage continues to deteriorate, and both the amount of PD and the repetition rate of discharges exhibit a step‐wise increase, with the increase in the repetition rate lagging behind that of the discharge amount. Based on the patterns of discharge quantity and repetition rate, transformer damage is categorised into three stages: undamaged, latent defect discharge, and severe defect discharge.
Stress analysis and structural optimisation of insulating rods under dynamic and static loads
Authors: Jin Haifeng , Jin Lijun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study aims to provide a theoretical basis for the fatigue characteristics and structural optimisation of insulating rods to enhance their reliability and lifespan in practical applications. This paper uses COMSOL to complete the stress analysis of insulating rods under dynamic and static loads based on the finite element method. The correctness of the model is verified based on the elastic‐plastic theory. The simulation results show that under the same load, the stress concentration area is more affected by the dynamic load, and the stress concentration position is highly consistent with the fracture position of the rod in the experiment. It verifies the impact on the insulating rods at different speeds and static load stress. Simulation shows that, in cases where the allowable stress is exceeded, as the number of operations increases, the fatigue characteristics will greatly affect the service life of the insulation rod. Finally, the fatigue analysis and structural optimisation of the insulating rod were completed, providing important reference values for the long‐term stable operation of ultra‐high voltage circuit breakers.
A non‐rigid point cloud registration method based on scene flow estimation
Authors: Deng Xiaopeng , Yang Kai , Wang Yong , Li Jinlong , Xie Liming 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPoint cloud registration is an important aspect of computer vision, encompassing various applications. However, many existing algorithms neglect the registration of non‐rigid point cloud. Recent studies have focused on scene flow, which can achieve non‐rigid point cloud registration by estimating the scene flow of two point clouds. The presence of occlusion in a scene is primarily attributed to variations in viewpoint and access time, thereby posing a significant challenge in accurately predicting scene flow. In the endeavour to mitigate this issue, the focus is on the propagation of scene flow originating from non‐occluded points towards occlusion points while concurrently estimating the occlusion map. The proposed network, a non‐rigid point cloud registration method based on scene flow estimation, achieves exceptional performance for the EPE3D metric on the FlyingThings3D and KITTI scene flow datasets, and it demonstrates strong generalization on the railroad dataset.
A two‐layer control strategy for fuel‐efficient connected vehicles
Authors: Bentaleb Ahmed , Hajjaji Ahmed El , Karama Asma , Rabhi Abdelhamid , Benzaouia Abdellah 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a two‐layer control strategy to enhance connected vehicles fuel efficiency. Compared with previous works, this study proposes an approach to optimize both the vehicle speed and gearbox position to achieve better fuel efficiency. The control task is given in two stages: the upper layer and the lower layer. Before trip departure, the upper layer concurrently optimizes the vehicle speed and gearbox position based on road map information, and engine and vehicle parameters for an entire route. Then, while driving, the lower layer is used to follow the pre‐computed optimal profiles. Model predictive control follows the optimal speed while ensuring an adaptive safe distance constraint with a preceding vehicle. For gear shifting, an online shift control assuring the tracking of the optimal gear position is developed based on look‐ahead road data and vehicle actions. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy was evaluated with comprehensive simulations and comparison tests using Matlab and CarSim software. The mean online optimization calculation time is 0.065 s, indicating its real‐time capability. The proposed method can be used as a driving assist system or implemented as a speed and gear controller for self‐driving vehicles.
Recent Advancements and Applications of Nanosensors in Oral Health: Revolutionizing Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Dewan Meghna , Shrivastava Deepti , Srivastava Kumar Chandan , Goyal Lata , Zwiri Abdalwhab , Hussein Areen Fareed , Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Anil Sukumaran 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAdvances in the field of nanomaterials are laying the foundation for the fabrication of nanosensors that are sensitive, selective, specific, cost-effective, biocompatible, and versatile. Being highly sensitive and selective, nanosensors are crucial in detecting small quantities of analytes and early diagnosis of diseases. These devices, operating on the nanoscale, detect signals, such as physical, chemical, optical, electrochemical, or biological, and then transduce them into a readable form. They show great promise for real-time, point-of-care, and home-based applications in health care. With the integration of wireless technology, these nanosensors, specifically biosensors, can potentially revolutionize therapeutic techniques. These advancements particularly impact the oral cavity, the primary entry point for various bodily substances. Nanosensors can transform oral and dental health practices, enabling timely disease diagnosis and precise drug delivery. This review examines the recent advancements in nanobiosensors, exploring their applications in various oral health conditions while discussing their benefits and potential limitations.
Exploring the Changes in Mild Cognitive Impairment Blood-Based Biomarkers after Local Antibiotic Periodontal Treatment in Diabetic Patients: Secondary Analysis of Data from a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ramadhani Aulia , Tanaka Azusa , Minagawa Kumiko , Takehara Sachiko , Yamada Takaho , Sone Hirohito , Kaneko Noboru , Nohno Kaname , Ogawa Hiroshi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objectives This article investigates the changes in blood-based biomarkers associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) risk in type 2 diabetic patients following local antibiotic periodontal treatment.
Materials and Methods A secondary analysis of data from a 24-week randomized controlled trial was conducted, involving 27 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and periodontitis. Participants received periodontal treatment biweekly from baseline until the 6th week of the study. Sixteen patients were assigned to an intervention group and received local antibiotic periodontal treatment (Periofol 2%). The outcomes were periodontal inflammation score, which was measured using periodontal inflamed surface area, the inflammation markers levels (tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein, and interleukin [IL]-6), and MCI risk score, which was assessed using protein plasma analysis through blood test. The evaluations were performed at baseline and week 24th in both groups. The changes in periodontal inflammation scores, inflammation parameters, and MCI risk in baseline and week 24th were analyzed.
Statistical Analysis The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for within-group analysis and the Mann–Whitney U test was utilized for between-group analysis.
Results Periodontal parameters were improved in both groups (p < 0.05). IL-6, complement C3, and alpha-2-antiplasmin levels were significantly decreased in the intervention group (p < 0.05). In between-group comparisons, there was a significant difference between the control and intervention groups in apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein C1, and alpha-1-B glycoprotein levels in week 24th (p < 0.05).
Conclusion Even though the periodontal status showed significant improvement after being given local antibiotic periodontal treatment, the changes in MCI risk proteins plasma remained unclear.
Accuracy, Reproducibility, and Gaps in Different Angulations of 3D-Printed versus Milled Hybrid Ceramic Crown
Authors: Khwanpuang Nadaprapai , Suphachartwong Chayaporn , Klaisiri Awiruth , Leelaponglit Seelassaya , Angkananuwat Chayanit , Krajangta Nantawan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objectives This article compared the accuracy, reproducibility, and gap of crowns resulting from variations in print angulation of three-dimensional (3D)-printed VarseoSmile Crownplus (VS) and milled resin-ceramic hybrid materials (Cerasmart 270, CS, and Enamic, E).
Materials and Methods A total of 60 specimens, consisting of VS printed at four different angulations (30, 45, 60, and 90 degrees), along with CS and E were investigated. External and internal accuracy and reproducibility were measured with the 3D deviation analysis. External and internal gaps were measured with the silicone replica technique. The results were analyzed using Welch's one-way analysis of variance with Dunnett T3 post hoc comparison at p ≤ 0.05.
Results Across all groups, external and internal accuracy were 0.55 to 20.02 μm and external and internal reproducibility were 0.05 to 0.69 μm. Overall external accuracy was not significant (p = 0.063), whereas significance was noted in overall internal accuracy and reproducibility among groups (p < 0.001). External and internal gaps were 33.76 to 93.11 μm. Statistically significant differences were found in internal and external gaps among groups (p < 0.001), with milled crowns demonstrating larger internal and smaller external gaps than 3D-printed crowns. Within the 3D-printed group, statistically, 90-degree angles exhibited the smallest external and internal gaps.
Conclusion Both milled and 3D-printed methods achieved clinically acceptable accuracy, reproducibility, and gap dimensions, offering viable options for hybrid ceramic crown restoration. Among 3D-printed crowns, the 90-degree printing angle group exhibited satisfactory accuracy and reproducibility, alongside the best internal and external fit.
Outcomes and Surgical Approaches for Pineal Region Tumors in Adults: A Retrospective Study of a Single-Center Over 12 Years
Authors: Moldabekov Aidos , Maidan Aiman , Ryskeldiyev Nurzhan , Ashirov Nurali , Borykbaev Nurzhan , Akshulakov Serik 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background Pineal region tumors are considered rare, deeply located, and very difficult to resect. They can cause various symptoms by compressing and obstructing different structures. Contradictory data have been reported regarding various aspects of surgical outcomes in different patient positioning.
Objectives Therefore, this retrospective study aimed to describe the variety of pineal region tumors and patient positioning in pineal region surgeries and compare the neurological outcomes during different approaches.
Materials and Methods From January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2022, 61 patients with pineal area tumors were hospitalized at the National Center for Neurosurgery. Thirty-five patients' histology examinations were available. Twenty-nine patients had open surgical excision. Regarding approaches, supracerebellar infratentorial, posterior transfalcine interhemispheric, and occipital transtentorial approaches were employed.
Results Among 35 patients, 17 had hydrocephalus and required ventricular drainage to address third ventricle obstruction. Complete tumor resection was achieved in 55% of patients. The mortality rate was 13.7% in the open surgical group and 15.625% in the endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) group.
Conclusion Proper patient positioning and selecting the optimal approach are crucial for a successful outcome.
A Comparative Outcome of Full Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy for L4/5 Central–Paracentral Disc Herniation: Interlaminar versus Transforaminal Approach: A 2-Year Prospective Randomized Controlled Follow-Up Study
Authors: Pruttikul Pritsanai , Pluemvitayaporn Tinnakorn , Ananpipatkij Palapat , Dorji Kinzang , Kunakornsawat Sombat , Surapuchong Suttinont , Ratanakoosakul Warot , Tiracharnvut Kitjapat , Piyasakulkaew Chaiwat , Kittithamvongs Piyabuth 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background The interlaminar and transforaminal approaches are commonly employed in full endoscopic lumbar spine surgery. Both approaches are well-suited for addressing specific types of lumbar disc herniation, particularly at the L4/5 level.
Objective This article compares the clinical outcomes of full endoscopic discectomy for L4/5 central–paracentral disc herniation between the interlaminar and transforaminal approaches.
Materials and Methods Sixty patients were randomly assigned to either a full endoscopic interlaminar discectomy group or a full endoscopic transforaminal discectomy group, with 30 patients each. The procedures were performed by a single spine surgeon at our institution between 2017 and 2019. Over a 2-year follow-up period, various parameters, including operative time, postoperative hospitalization duration, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores for leg and back pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and modified MacNab criteria, were assessed and compared between the two groups. Additionally, the complication rates were documented.
Results The two full endoscopic approaches resulted in significant improvements in back–leg pain measured by the VAS and in the ODI scores postsurgery. A comparison between the two approaches revealed a significant difference in the ODI score at the 6-week postoperative mark (p = 0.02). However, other clinical outcome parameters did not show significant differences at the other follow-up time points. Postoperative dysesthesia was more prevalent in patients who underwent endoscopic transforaminal discectomy (p < 0.05). The operative time was notably longer for the interlaminar approach compared with the transforaminal approach (62.6 ± 18.0 vs. 37.0 ± 13.6). Postoperative hospitalization time did not exhibit significant differences between the two groups.
Conclusion Both the interlaminar and transforaminal approaches demonstrate similar clinical outcomes in treating central–paracentral L4/5 disc herniation. Each technique presents distinct advantages and disadvantages regarding operative time and postoperative dysesthesia. The full endoscopic interlaminar and transforaminal approaches have proven to be safe and effective methods for addressing L4/5 central–paracentral disc herniation.
Why issue green bonds? Examining their dual impact on environmental protection and economic benefits
Authors: Zhou Di , Kythreotis Alexios 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article explores two primary questions: first, whether the issuance of green bonds contributes to environmental protection, particularly regarding their performance after the adoption of net-zero emission policies; and second, whether issuers of green bonds can have economic benefits. Using the Difference-in-Differences (DID) model to analyze green and conventional bonds issued from 2013 to 2023, the study finds no significant correlation between green bond issuance and CO2 emissions following net-zero adoption. Nevertheless, our findings are important and deserve attention as they indicate that the carbon reduction policies have not exerted sufficient pressure on bond issuers to reduce emissions. At the same time, however, a closer examination of issuing entities reveals that those issuing only green bonds tend to have higher ESG ratings, lower CO2 emissions, and lower financing costs. This suggests that such issuers achieve substantial environmental benefits and economic advantages. In contrast, entities issuing both conventional and green bonds do not demonstrate the same environmental benefits. This finding raises concerns about potential greenwashing, suggesting that entities issuing both green and conventional bonds may engage in practices that contradict environmental protection while presenting their activities as environmentally friendly through green bonds. The study also highlights that the impact of bond features on ESG scores and CO2 emissions varies significantly across different types of issuers. Finally, the paper recommends that policymakers strengthen carbon reduction policies, establish mechanisms to prevent greenwashing, and integrate CO2 emissions and ESG factors into assessment systems. Additionally, it calls for special attention to the carbon emissions of entities in low- and middle-income countries, as well as those in the manufacturing sector, to support the healthy development of green finance.
Characteristics of complex network of heatwaves over China
Authors: Shen Xuemin , Hu Xiaodong , Feng Aixia , Wang Qiguang , Gu Changgui 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Using complex network methods, we construct undirected and directed heatwave networks to systematically analyze heatwave events over China from 1961 to 2023, exploring their spatiotemporal evolution patterns in different regions. The findings reveal a significant increase in heatwaves since the 2000s, with the average occurrence rising from approximately 3 to 5 times, and their duration increasing from 15 to around 30 days—nearly doubling. An increasing trend of "early onset and late withdrawal" of heatwaves has become more pronounced each year. In particular, eastern regions experience heatwaves that typically start earlier and tend to persist into September, exhibiting greater interannual variability compared to western areas. The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Xinjiang are identified as high-frequency heatwave areas. Complex network analysis reveals the dynamics of heatwave propagation, with degree centrality and synchronization distance indicating that the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Northeast China, and Xinjiang are key nodes in heatwave spread. Additionally, network divergence analysis shows that Xinjiang acts as a "source" area for heatwaves, exporting heat to surrounding regions, while the central region functions as a major "sink," receiving more heatwave events. Further analysis from 1994 to 2023 indicates that heatwave events exhibit stronger network centrality and more complex synchronization patterns. These results suggest that complex networks provide a refined framework for depicting the spatiotemporal dynamics of heatwave propagation, offering new avenues for studying their occurrence and development patterns.