bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do owners recognise abnormal equine behaviour when tacking‐up and mounting? A comparison between responses to a questionnaire and real‐time observations
Authors: Dyson S. , Bondi A. , Routh J. , Pollard D. , Preston T. , McConnell C. , Kydd J. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryBackgroundCauses of abnormal behaviour during tacking‐up or mounting are multifactorial, but may be associated with an ill‐fitting saddle, a rider sitting on the caudal third of the saddle, or lameness.ObjectivesTo determine whether: (1) owners believed their horse showed abnormal behaviour when tacked‐up or mounted; (2) this agreed with observations by a veterinarian.Study designCross‐sectional study; convenience sample.MethodsHorses were undergoing prepurchase examinations, investigation of poor performance, or were recruited by invitation. Owners were asked if their horse showed abnormal behaviour when tacked‐up or mounted and subsequently whether they showed specific behaviours (yes/no) during bridling, saddling, girthing and mounting. Each horse was observed during tacking‐up and mounting by one veterinarian who recorded the occurrence of each behaviour. Agreement between the owners and the veterinarian was evaluated using intraclass correlation (ICC) coefficients with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsOverall 34.2% (66/193) of owners reported that their horse showed behavioural abnormalities during tacking‐up or mounting. There was poor to good agreement between the owners and veterinarian for horses putting their head up to avoid bridling (ICC 0.53, CI 0.37, 0.64) and being reluctant to open their mouth for the bit (ICC 0.52, CI 0.36, 0.64). There was poor to fair agreement for evading noseband tightening (ICC 0.41, CI 0.21, 0.56), elevating the head (ICC 0.24, CI 0.00, 0.43) and teeth grinding (ICC 0.23, CI 0.00, 0.42). For attempts to bite, there was fair to excellent agreement during saddling (ICC 0.67, CI 0.56, 0.75) and good to excellent agreement during girthing (ICC 0.73, CI 0.64, 0.79). Results for some behaviours suggested potential systematic disagreement between the veterinarian and owners.Main limitationsPotential bias of volunteers recruited by invitation. Day‐to‐day variation of behaviours is unknown.ConclusionsThe majority of owners were unaware that their horses showed behavioural abnormalities during tacking‐up or mounting.
Efficient flavinylation of glycosomal fumarate reductase by its own ApbE domain in Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Schenk Robin , Bachmaier Sabine , Bringaud Frédéric , Boshart Michael 
Published: March 2021

A subset of flavoproteins has a covalently attached flavin prosthetic group enzymatically attached via phosphoester bonding. In prokaryotes, this is catalysed by alternative pyrimidine biosynthesis E (ApbE) flavin transferases. ApbE‐like domains are present in few eukaryotic taxa, for example the N‐terminal domain of fumarate reductase (FRD) of Trypanosoma, a parasitic protist known as a tropical pathogen causing African sleeping sickness. We use the versatile reverse genetic tools available for Trypanosoma to investigate the flavinylation of glycosomal FRD (FRDg) in vivo in the physiological and organellar context. Using direct in‐gel fluorescence detection of covalently attached flavin as proxy for activity, we show that the ApbE‐like domain of FRDg has flavin transferase activity in vivo. The ApbE domain is preceded by a consensus flavinylation target motif at the extreme N terminus of FRDg, and serine 9 in this motif is essential as flavin acceptor. The preferred mode of flavinylation in the glycosome was addressed by stoichiometric expression and comparison of native and catalytically inactive ApbE domains. In addition to the trans‐flavinylation activity, the ApbE domain catalyses the intramolecular cis‐flavinylation with at least fivefold higher efficiency. We discuss how the higher efficiency due to unusual fusion of the ApbE domain to its substrate protein FRD may provide a selective advantage by faster FRD biogenesis during rapid metabolic adaptation of trypanosomes. The first 37 amino acids of FRDg, including the consensus motif, are sufficient as flavinylation target upon fusion to other proteins. We propose FRDg(1‐37) as 4‐kDa heat‐stable, detergent‐resistant fluorescent protein tag and suggest its use as a new tool to study glycosomal protein import.
Alien invasive macrophyte put into the shade: The native floating‐leaved macrophyte Nymphoides indica reduces Cabomba caroliniana growth performance through competition for light
Authors: Nguyen Nguyen H. T. , Bickel Tobias O. , Perrett Christine , Adkins Steve 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Alien invasive aquatic macrophytes tend to displace native species and transform diverse macrophyte communities into monospecific stands. It is often thought that superior competitiveness allows alien invaders to achieve this.

Cabomba caroliniana is a submersed macrophyte that is highly invasive worldwide and frequently monopolises habitats. However, field observations in Queensland, Australia, found that the native floating attached Nymphoides indica can co‐exist with C. caroliniana, highlighting N. indica as a potential candidate for habitat restoration. To identify factors and processes that regulate the coexistence of these species, we conducted a field survey and two experiments in artificial mesocosms.

We found that N. indica leaf areal coverage of the water surface significantly reduced C. caroliniana standing crop biomass in the field. C. caroliniana growth was also linked to water depth; N. indica was not able to grow beyond 2 m depth. There was a small reduction in N. indica root and shoot biomass when co‐cultured with C. caroliniana in our experiment. Therefore, there was reciprocal competitive inhibition between the two species. However, the effect of N. indica on C. caroliniana was much larger.

There was evidence that a reduction of C. caroliniana biomass below a threshold of c. 300 g dry mass/m is critical for protecting native submersed macrophyte diversity and abundance. Once C. caroliniana biomass exceeds this threshold, it dominates plant communities and forms high biomass monocultures. The experimental work identified shading as the most important factor that reduces C. caroliniana biomass, corroborating the relationship between leaf areal cover and C. caroliniana biomass found in the field.

Based on these findings, N. indica could be useful for restoring the shallow lake littoral habitat, because it suppresses biomass of the invasive species to a level that allows other macrophytes to coexist and additionally increases habitat heterogeneity. Similarly, N. indica could be suitable to restore areas where C. caroliniana was previously removed to reduce the likelihood of future habitat monopolisation by C. caroliniana and realise long‐term ecological benefits from invasive macrophyte management.
Outcome of elective endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms in octogenarians
Authors: Marcos Garcia Lidia , Calsina Juscafresa Laura , Velescu Alina , Casajuana Urgell Eduard , Galarza Tapia Andrés , Llort Pont Carme , Clarà Velasco Albert 
Published: March 2021

AimThe need to adjust the indications of elective abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair among patients with a limited life‐span deserves a specific evaluation for octogenarians. The aim of this study was to compare the postoperative results and the long‐term survival after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic and/or iliac aneurysms (EVAR) in octogenarians compared with patients under 80 years of age.MethodsRetrospective analysis of 241 consecutive patients who underwent an elective EVAR between 2000 and 2017. EVAR was not considered among patients with clear life‐limiting conditions. Patients receiving other than commercially standard infra‐renal endoprostheses were excluded.ResultsSeventy patients (29.0%) were octogenarians. They had a lower rate of active smoking (10.0% vs. 30.4%, P < 0.001) and a higher prevalence of previous cerebrovascular disease (21.4% vs. 11.7%, P = 0.055) than younger patients. Thirty‐day/in‐hospital complication and mortality rates were not significantly higher among octogenarians when compared with younger patients (24.3% vs. 16.9% and 2.9% vs. 2.4%, respectively). Octogenarians had a lower long‐term survival at 1, 3 and 5 years (92.6% vs. 93.3%, 67.7% vs. 78.0% and 39.3% vs. 60.6%, P = 0.039) in the bivariate analysis. However, an age ≥ 80 years per se was not an independent predictor of survival after adjustment for confounding factors.ConclusionAn age above 80 years was not associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications or long‐term mortality. Our results suggest that EVAR can be considered in elderly patients without a clear life‐limiting condition and with a suitable aneurysm anatomy. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 392–397.
How to improve sustainability of the Schengen agreement on open borders?
Authors: Nikolić Bruno , Pevcin Primož 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAt the height of the migration crisis, around 2.4 million asylum claims were submitted in the European Union Member States. The enormous weight of a massive inflow of migrants and immigration‐related threat perceptions prompted Member States to start reintroducing border controls at EU internal borders, which resulted in a ‘temporary suspension’ of the Schengen agreement on open borders. With the use of zero‐sum phenomena and application of public goods theory to asylum policy, the article seeks to explain the influence of a structural limitation of European integration in the form of asymmetric integration of asylum policy on the sustainability of the Schengen agreement on open borders. To eliminate this structural limitation and thus strengthen the sustainability of the Schengen agreement on open borders, the article proposes a fully functioning Common European Asylum System (CEAS) based on a unified asylum system and governed by a centralized EU institution.
Paid maternal leave is associated with better language and socioemotional outcomes during toddlerhood
Authors: Kozak Karina , Greaves Ashley , Waldfogel Jane , Angal Jyoti , Elliott Amy J. , Fifier William P. , Brito Natalie Hiromi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe United States is the only high‐income country that does not have a national policy mandating paid leave to working women who give birth. Increased rates of maternal employment post‐birth call for greater understanding of the effects of family leave on infant development. This study examined the links between paid leave and toddler language, cognitive, and socioemotional outcomes (24–36 months; N = 328). Results indicate that paid leave was associated with better language outcomes, regardless of socioeconomic status. Additionally, paid leave was correlated with fewer infant behavior problems for mothers with lower levels of educational attainment. Expanding access to policies that support families in need, like paid family leave, may aid in reducing socioeconomic disparities in infant development.
Health care staff's strategies to preserve dignity of migrant patients in the palliative phase and their families. A qualitative study
Authors: de Voogd Xanthe , Willems Dick L. , Onwuteaka‐Philipsen Bregje , Torensma Marieke , Suurmond Jeanine L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsTo determine registered nurses' and care assistants' difficulties and strategies for preserving dignity of migrant patients in the last phase of life and their families.BackgroundPreserving dignity of patients in a palliative phase entails paying attention to the uniqueness of patients. Migrant patients often have particular needs and wishes that care staff find difficult to address, or meet, and hence the patient's dignity might be at stake.MethodsWe performed five focus group discussions with care staff and one with key figures with diverse ethnic backgrounds in the Netherlands (2018–2020). Thematic analysis was used.ResultsCare staff creatively safeguarded the patient's dignity in daily care by attending to personal needs concerning intimate body care and providing non‐verbal attention. Care staff had difficulties to preserve dignity, when the patient's family engaged themselves in the patient's choices or requests. According to care staff, the interference of family impeded the patient's quality of life or threatened the patient's dignity in the last days, or family member's choices (seemingly) prevailed over the patient's wishes. Care staff safeguarded dignity by catering to cultural or religious practices at the end of life and employing cultural knowledge during decision making. Key figures emphasized to make decisions with patient and family together and to listen more carefully to what patients mean. Bypassing family was experienced as harmful, and repetitively informing family, about, for example, the patient's disease or procedures in the nursing home, was experienced as ineffective.ConclusionTo preserve the patient's dignity, attention is needed for relational aspects of dignity and needs of family, next to patients' individual needs.ImpactCare staff should be supported to employ strategies to engage family of migrant patients, by, for example, acknowledging families' values, such as giving good care to the patient and the importance of religious practices for dignity.
Challenging behaviour around challenging behaviour
Authors: James Deborah Michelle , Fisher Sue , Vincent Sharon 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe United Kingdom's Department for Education's advice on behaviour focuses on the power of staff and the strength of the policy in challenging behaviour, via rules, sanctions and rewards. We designed a video‐feedback intervention for staff teams in a special educational setting who were working with children with intellectual disability and challenging behaviour. The intervention aimed to raise reflective capacity on relational mechanisms that offer new response possibilities in everyday practices within trans‐disciplinary teams.MethodWe conducted research with three teams (between five and seven participants in each). We report findings from two teams who were working with children (aged between 10 and 14) who staff identified as having behaviour that challenged. The intervention consisted of two video‐feedback intervention sessions, using clips of good interactions between themselves and the child and a review. These sessions took place over three or four months. Qualitative analysis was conducted to analyse changes to the language and depictions of the children. Changes to the participants’ goals during the intervention were also analysed.ResultsThe staff's focus on the child's challenging behaviour reduced. Children who were originally depicted as isolated became depicted in relationship with peers and staff. Participants became more curious about the child and his interactions in the school and home environment. The participant's personal goals emerged through their understandings of what it meant to begood.ConclusionsWorking with staff teams using video feedback can change the interactions around the child and the relational conceptualisation of the child and family. Further adaptations to the intervention are needed to raise critical reflection on the concepts that circulate around ‘behaviour’ that structure policy and shape everyday practices.
How effective are interventions at enhancing empathy for service users with an intellectual disability who engage in sexually abusive behaviour? A review of the literature
Authors: Wormald Candice , Melia Yvonne 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundSexual offending has been attributed to empathy deficits, implicating interventions targeting empathy as a potential mechanism for reducing sexually harmful behaviour. However, there is less known about how appropriate and effective interventions are for individuals with intellectual disabilities. This review aims to provide a comprehensive synthesis of research findings in this area.MethodFour databases were searched, yielding 13 studies meeting the inclusion criteria which were appraised using the CCAT.ResultsCBT group treatments adapted from mainstream treatment programmes for people with intellectual disabilities were widely used, demonstrating improvements in empathy and reductions in sexually abusive behaviour overall.ConclusionsStudies are limited by sample sizes, lack of control groups and inconsistent definitions of intellectual disabilities and sexually abusive behaviour. Future research should include evaluation of models other than CBT, further assessment of empathy‐specific interventions and understanding of the mechanism underpinning empathy change.
Deficiency of cold‐inducible RNA‐binding protein exacerbated monocrotaline‐induced pulmonary artery hypertension through Caveolin1 and CAVIN1
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Ke Xianting , Wang Luxin , Zhang Yangyang , Yang Jian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCold‐inducible RNA‐binding protein (CIRP) was a crucial regulator in multiple diseases. However, its role in pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) is still unknown. Here, we first established monocrotaline (MCT)‐induced rat PAH model and discovered that CIRP was down‐regulated predominantly in the endothelium of pulmonary artery after MCT injection. We then generated Cirp‐knockout (Cirp‐KO) rats, which manifested severer PAH with exacerbated endothelium damage in response to MCT. Subsequently, Caveolin1 (Cav1) and Cavin1 were identified as downstream targets of CIRP in MCT‐induced PAH, and the decreased expression of these two genes aggravated the injury and apoptosis of pulmonary artery endothelium. Moreover, CIRP deficiency intensified monocrotaline pyrrole (MCTP)‐induced rat pulmonary artery endothelial cells (rPAECs) injuries both in vivo and in vitro, which was counteracted by Cav1 or Cavin1 overexpression. In addition, CIRP regulated the proliferative effect of conditioned media from MCTP‐treated rPAECs on rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, which partially explained the exceedingly thickened pulmonary artery intimal media in Cirp‐KO rats after MCT treatment. These results demonstrated that CIRP acts as a critical protective factor in MCT‐induced rat PAH by directly regulating CAV1 and CAVIN1 expression, which may facilitate the development of new therapeutic targets for the intervention of PAH.
Misleading 68GALLIUM‐dotatate PET scan in a patient with a history of a phaeochromocytoma: Unsuspected uptake in papillary thyroid carcinoma metastases
Authors: Moffat Daniel , Richards Polly , Kurzawinski Tom R. , Khan Sameer , Khoo Bernard , Grossman Ashley 
Published: March 2021

AbstractScanning for somatostatin receptors using 68Ga‐dotatate positron emission tomography with co‐registration with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging is now in widespread use for the identification of neuroendocrine tumours, phaeochromocytomas, and paragangliomas and their metastases. We present a case where a patient with a phaeochromocytoma showed uptake in her neck considered diagnostic of a head‐and‐neck paraganglioma, which was subsequently confirmed to be a metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma. We alert clinicians to such falsely‐identified tumours using this extensively used imaging technique.
Morphology and morphometry of the human early foetal brain: A three‐dimensional analysis
Authors: Takakuwa Tetsuya , Shiraishi Naoki , Terashima Mei , Yamanaka Miki , Okamoto Ikue , Imai Hirohiko , Ishizu Koichi , Yamada Shigehito , Ishikawa Aoi , Kanahashi Toru 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMorphometric analyses in the early foetal phase (9‐13 postconceptional week) are critical for evaluating normal brain growth. In this study, we assessed sequential morphological and morphometric changes in the foetal brain during this period using high‐resolution T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from 21 samples preserved at Kyoto University. MRI sectional views (coronal, mid‐sagittal, and horizontal sections) and 3D reconstructions of the whole brain revealed sequential changes in its external morphology and internal structures. The cerebrum's gross external view, lateral ventricle and choroid plexus, cerebral wall, basal ganglia and thalamus, and corpus callosum were assessed. The development of the cerebral cortex, white matter microstructure, and basal ganglia can be well‐characterized using MRI scans. The insula became apparent and deeply impressed as brain growth progressed. A thick, densely packed cellular ventricular/subventricular zone and ganglionic eminence became apparent at high signal intensity. We detected the emergence of important landmarks which may be candidates in the subdivision processes during the early foetal period; the corpus callosum was first detected in the sample with crown‐rump length (CRL) 62 mm. A primary sulcus on the medial part of the cortex (cingulate sulcus) was observed in the sample with CRL 114 mm. In the cerebellum, the hemispheres, posterolateral fissure, union of the cerebellar halves, and definition of the vermis were observed in the sample with CRL 43.5 mm, alongside the appearance of a primary fissure in the sample with CRL 56 mm and the prepyramidal fissure in the sample with CRL 75 mm. The volumetric, linear, and angle measurements revealed the comprehensive and regional development, growth, and differentiation of brain structures during the early foetal phase. The early foetal period was neither morphologically nor morphometrically uniform. The cerebral proportion (length/height) and the angle of cerebrum to the standard line at the lateral view of the cerebrum, which may reflect the growth and C‐shape formation of the cerebrum, may be a candidate for subdividing the early foetal period. Future precise analyses must establish a staging system for the brain during the early foetal period. This study provides insights into brain structure, allowing for a correlation with functional maturation and facilitating the early detection of brain damage and abnormal development.
Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination strategy for pregnant women in Japan
Authors: Hayakawa Satoshi , Komine‐Aizawa Shihoko , Takada Kazuhide , Kimura Tadashi , Yamada Hideto 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe current COVID‐19 pandemic is a global concern. The recent introduction of vaccines has provided a reason for hope, but new problems, such as vaccine hesitancy, have arisen. One of the most important of these issues is the safety of vaccines for pregnant women. In this article, we collected worldwide indications for vaccination, including women who are pregnant or who wish to become pregnant, and reports of adverse reactions to COVID‐19 vaccination. The Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Japanese Society of Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology have published recommendations for the vaccination of pregnant women with a COVID‐19 vaccine. The guidelines are as follows: (1) pregnant women should not be excluded from vaccination; (2) informed consent should be obtained before vaccination; (3) healthcare workers and pregnant women with complications such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity should be vaccinated preferentially; (4) vaccination should be avoided until 12 weeks of gestation during organogenesis; (5) spouse and family members should be vaccinated actively; and (6) nursing mothers are not particularly affected. This policy has been adopted in government guidelines. Additional efforts should be made to protect pregnant women from infection and severe illness with COVID‐19 by eliminating vaccine hesitancy.