bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perfluoroalkyl acids in dust on residential indoor/outdoor window glass in Chinese cities: occurrence, composition and toddler exposure
Authors: Zhao Zhen , Yue Linxia , Qiao Hongqin , Li Yinong , Cheng Xianghui , Hua Xia , Lin Tian , Li Qilu , Sun Hongwen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The dust on indoor and outdoor surfaces of the window glasses were collected using sterile cotton balls in 11 cities. Twenty-nine perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) were quantified to investigate concentration, composition and toddlers’ exposure. The concentrations of ∑PFAA ranged from no detection (nd) to 43 ng/m2 (mean 8.9 ± 10 ng/m2). Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) was detected in 78% samples, and accounted for 55% ± 21% of ∑PFAA concentrations. 6:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2 FTSA) and hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA) were detected in more than 50% samples indicating the use of alternatives. Fluorotelomer carboxylic acid (FTCA) and fluorotelomer unsaturated acid (FTUCA) were found in the dust, implying the degradation of precursors. The highest concentration of ∑PFAA (43 ng/m2) was found in outdoor dust from Xinzhou, Shanxi Province, which is famous for its coal resources. Higher ∑PFAA concentrations were found in indoor dust than outdoor in 6 paired samples (3 from Feb. 14 and 3 from Feb. 21). In Tianjin and Handan, the concentrations of ∑PFAA from outdoor surfaces were higher in sampling campaign I (SC I, Feb. 21) than in sampling campaign II (SC II, Feb. 14), implying intensive outdoor release. The exposure of 2 year-old toddlers to PFAA via hand-to-mouth ingestion and dermal absorption was estimated; the mean values of intake were 2.1 and 1.5 pg/kg body weight, respectively, assuming an exposure time of 1 hour.
Assessment of Energy-Positive Wastewater Treatment System Design of Different Industrial Wastewater Streams
Authors: Li Jinze , Tang Walter Z. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Activated sludge (AS) process has been used as the conventional industrial wastewater treatment process in the past decades. However, intensive aeration requirements made it impossible for WWTPs to be energy positive. In addition, there are few cases of research assessing the efficiency and economic feasibility of innovative technologies in treating industrial wastewater to achieve energy positive. This study tries to assess the effect of different kinds of industrial wastewater on treatment efficiency, unit energy, environmental sustainability, and unit cost of treatment systems using innovative technologies such as micro sieving, UASB, and PN/A. Our Excel model showed that micro-sieving could remove 32.50-39.72% of COD from industrial wastewater. UASB reactor could removes 15.8%-53.5%, 14.0%-49.0% and 22.9%-51.0% of COD from three different wastewater streams. Mean unit energy production by the innovative system could reach 1.80, 1.77, and 1.73 kWh/kg BODremoved, respectively. The average unit cost of three kinds of wastewater is 0.54, 0.57, and 1.12 $/kg CODremoved, respectively. Treating meat processing wastewater with innovative technologies is the economical treatment method. However, this method could not be considered as the sustainable design due to the high effluent COD concentration. The economic advantages and limitations of innovative technologies in treating industrial wastewater have been quantified by energy, cost and environmental indicators. These metrics provide valuable references for future sustainable design of industrial wastewater treatment systems.
No or Diffuse Phase-Transition With Temperature in One-dimensional Ising Model?
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhang Li-Li , Huang Yi-Neng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
For nearly a century since Ising model was proposed in 1925, it is agreed that there is no phase-transition with temperature in the one-dimensional based on no global-spontaneous-magnetization in whole temperature region. In this letter, the exact calculation of local-spontaneous-magnetization shows that a diffuse phase-transition with temperature occurs in one-dimensional Ising model. In addition, although diffuse phase-transition phenomenon is common in the systems of heterogeneous-components and small-sizes etc., there is no accurate prediction of corresponding theoretical models so far, so the present works lay the theoretical foundation of this kind of phase-transition.
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Inborn Errors of Immunity Other Than Severe Combined Immunodeficiency in Japan: Retrospective Analysis for 1985–2016
Authors: Miyamoto Satoshi , Umeda Katsutsugu , Kurata Mio , Yanagimachi Masakatsu , Iguchi Akihiro , Sasahara Yoji , Okada Keiko , Koike Takashi , Tanoshima Reo , Ishimura Masataka , Yamada Masafumi , Sato Maho , Takahashi Yoshiyuki , Kajiwara Michiko , Kawaguchi Hiroshi , Inoue Masami , Hashii Yoshiko , Yabe Hiromasa , Kato Koji , Atsuta Yoshiko , Imai Kohsuke , Morio Tomohiro 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
PurposeHematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a curative therapy for most patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI). We conducted a nationwide study on HCT for patients with IEI other than severe combined immunodeficiency (non-SCID) in Japan.MethodsData from the Japanese national database (Transplant Registry Unified Management Program, TRUMP) for 567 patients with non-SCID IEI, who underwent their first HCT between 1985­ and 2016, were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThe 10-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) was 74% and 64%, respectively. The 10-year OS for HCT from unrelated bone marrow (URBM), accounting for 39% of HCTs, was comparable to that for HCT from matched-sibling donor (MSD), being 79% and 81%, respectively. HCT from unrelated cord blood (URCB), accounting for 27% of HCTs, was also common, with a 10-year OS of 69% but less robust engraftment. The intensity of conditioning was not associated with OS, hematologic recovery, or retransplantation incidence. Multivariate analyses of data on those receiving HCT during the 2006–2016 period revealed that respiratory impairment at HCT was associated with poor OS (hazard ratio [HR], 2.3; P = 0.01) and that URCB (HR, 2.7; P = 0.003) and related donor other than MSD (HR, 2.7; P = 0.02) were associated with poor EFS.ConclusionsWe present the 1985–2016 status of HCT for non-SCID IEI in Japan with sufficient statistical power, highlighting the potential of URBM as an alternative donor and the substantial applicability of URCB. Detailed evaluation is needed for optimizing the HCT strategy for each IEI.
Comprehensive Analysis of Immune Cell Enrichment In The Tumor Microenvironment of Head And Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Mito Ikko , Takahashi Hideyuki , Kawabata-Iwakawa Reika , Ida Shota , Tada Hiroe , Chikamatsu Kazuaki 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC) is highly infiltrated by immune cells, including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and myeloid lineage cells. In the tumor microenvironment, tumor cells orchestrate a highly immunosuppressive microenvironment by secreting immunosuppressive mediators, expressing immune checkpoint ligands, and downregulating human leukocyte antigen expression. In the present study, we aimed to comprehensively profile the immune microenvironment of HNSCC using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database.Methods: We calculated enrichment scores of 33 immune cell types based on RNA-seq data of HNSCC tissues and adjacent non-cancer tissues. Based on these scores, we performed non-supervised clustering and identified three immune signatures, i.e., cold, lymphocyte, and myeloid/dendritic cell (DC), using clustering results. We then compared the clinical and biological features of the three signatures.Results: Among HNSCC and non-cancer tissues, human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive HNSCCs exhibited the highest scores in various immune cell types, including CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, plasma cells, basophils, and their subpopulations. Among the three immune signatures, the proportions of HPV-positive tumors, oropharyngeal cancers, early T tumors, and N factor positive cases were significantly higher in the lymphocyte signature than in other signatures. Among the three signatures, the lymphocyte signature showed the longest overall survival (OS), especially in HPV-positive patients, whereas the myeloid/DC signature demonstrated the shortest OS in these patients. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed the upregulation of several pathways related to inflammatory and proinflammatory responses in the lymphocyte signature. The expression of PRF1, IFNG, GZMB, PDCD1, LAG3, CTLA4, HAVCR2, and TIGIT was the highest in the lymphocyte signature. Meanwhile, the expression of PD-1 ligand genes CD274 and PDCD1LG2 was highest in the myeloid/DC signature. Conclusions: Herein, our findings revealed the transcriptomic landscape of the immune microenvironment that closely reflects the clinical and biological significance of HNSCC, indicating that molecular profiling of the immune microenvironment can be employed to develop novel biomarkers and precision immunotherapies for HNSCC.
A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Glucagon-Like-Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist (GLP1-RA) in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) With Type 2 Diabetes (T2D)
Authors: Ghosal Samit , Datta Debasis , Sinha Binayak 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Treatment options for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), two conditions which coexist, are limited though weight loss is an important strategy to improve outcomes in either disease. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP1-RA) present a novel option to treat this dual disease by their salutary effects on glycaemic control and weight reduction.Methods: Eight randomized controlled trials on T2D and NAFLD from the Cochrane Library, Embase, and PubMed were included in this meta-analysis. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software version 3 was used to calculate the effect size.Result: In a pooled population of 615 patients—297 on GLP1-RA and 318 in the control arm, GLP1-RA produced a significant improvement in alanine aminotransferase [standardised mean difference (SDM), -0.56, 95%CI, - 0.88 to -0.25, P<0.01], aspartate aminotransferase (SDM, -0.44, SE, 95%CI, -0.64 to -0.24, P<0.01), gamma glutaryl transaminase (SDM, -0.59, 95%CI, -0.86 to -0.34, P<0.01) and reduction in liver fat content (LFC) (SDM, -0.43, 95%CI, - 0.74 to -0.13, P<0.01), as well as glycosylated haemoglobin (SDM, -0.40, 95% CI, -0.61 to -0.19, P<0.01) and weight (SDM, -0.66, 95% CI, -0.88 to -0.45, P<0.01), in comparison to standard of care or placebo. Significant improvement in biopsy resolution was also seen in the GLP1-RA arm (Rate Ratio, 6.59, 95%CI, 2.67 to 16.29, P<0.01). Conclusion: This is possibly the first meta-analysis conducted exclusively in patients with T2D and NAFLD which presents a strong signal that GLP1-RA, improve liver function and histology by improving glycaemia, reducie body weight and hepatic fat, which in turn reduces hepatic inflammation.Trial Registration: PROSPERO (ID: CRD42021228824)
Strategies To Promote The Quality of Occupational Therapy Fieldwork Education: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Pashmdarfard Marzieh , Mehraban Afsoon Hassani , Shafaroodi Narges , Arabshahi Kamran Soltani , Parvizy Soroor 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Development of intravenously administered synthetic RNA virus immunotherapy for the treatment of cancer
Authors: Kennedy Edward , Denslow Agnieszka , Hewett Jacqueline , Kong Lingxin , De Almeida Ana , Bryant Jeffrey , Lee Jennifer , Jacques Judy , Feau Sonia , Hayes Melissa , McMichael Elizabeth , Rahmeh Amal , Herschelman Lauren , Douglas Danielle , Spinale Jacob , Adhikari Sanmit , Deterling Jessica , Scott Matt , Haines Brian , Finer Mitchel , Ashburn Ted , Quéva Christophe , Lerner Lorena 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are an emerging therapeutic approach for the treatment of cancer. Clinical benefit has been demonstrated for intratumoral administration, but the therapeutic effectiveness of intravenous delivery has been limited by neutralizing antibody responses against the virus. To circumvent this limitation, we developed Synthetic RNA viruses, a novel approach for intravenous and repeated administration of OVs, consisting of a viral RNA genome (vRNA) formulated within lipid nanoparticles. For two Synthetic RNA virus drug candidates, Seneca Valley virus (SVV) and Coxsackievirus A21 (CVA21), we demonstrate vRNA delivery, viral replication, spread, and lysis of tumor cells leading to potent anti-tumor efficacy, even in the presence of OV neutralizing antibodies in the bloodstream. Synthetic-SVV replication in tumors promoted immune cell infiltration and enhanced anti-tumor activity in combination with anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor. Altogether, the Synthetic RNA virus platform provides an innovative approach that enables repeat intravenous administration of viral immunotherapy.
Model Error-Induced Biases of Greenhouse Gas Contribution to Global Warming: A Piecewise Integration Approach
Authors: Li Yumei , Liu Fei , Wang Xuejiao , Dong Wenjie , Dai Tanlong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Many of the observed changes of the climate system since the 1950s are unprecedented, and there is a high level of confidence in the conclusion that greenhouse gases (GHGs) caused a substantial part of the observed global warming. We need to consider the model errors, that usually accumulate in long-term integration as a result of imperfect physical and numerical representations, to attribute climate changes using model simulations. Here, we present a new method of the piecewise integration (PWI) with simulation corrected by the observation at each step, to identify model error-induced bias of global warming in the Community Earth System Model (CESM). To confirm the hypothesis of constant model-observation bias under different external forcing, we disturb the original CESM into a less low-cloud version and take its historical and GHGs-fixed simulations as our “observations”. In the PWI historical and GHGs-fixed runs of original CESM from 1958 to 2005, we use the difference between “historical observation” and PWI historical run to correct both PWI runs at the end of each 1-day step. The results show that the PWI can effectively reduce model’s cumulative error and presents a GHGs-induced global warming trend of 0.688℃ (48yr)-1, which is very close to the “observational” trend of 0.683℃ (48yr)-1, confirming the hypothesis of constant model bias under different external forcing. The continuous runs, as usually done by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) models, present a much higher GHGs-induced global warming trend of 0.887℃ (48yr)-1, which means that the model overestimates the GHGs’s role in global warming trend by 32.3% compared to our “observations”. Global distribution of this model bias is also discussed. The PWI method provides a new way to correct model biases in analyzing relative contribution of anthropogenic and natural forcing to global warming.
Mortality After Remdesivir Treatment of Pneumonia in Hospitalised Patients with Laboratory Confirmed COVID-19: National Data in the Italian Real-World Practice Collected by the AIFA Monitoring Register
Authors: Russo Pierluigi , Olimpieri Pier Paolo , Celant Simone , Colatrella Antonietta , Tomassini Luca , Palù Giorgio 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA) granted reimbursement for remdesivir (Veklury®) exclusively to COVID-19 patients with pneumonia requiring supplemental low-flow oxygen therapy. A monitoring registry was instituted to manage vials delivery and to control use appropriateness in Italy. The registry collected healthcare data on remdesivir use across all Italian hospitals. Mortality by day 15 and 29 was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier estimator. The Cox proportional-hazards model was applied to analyse the risks connected to patient’s background features relative to all-cause mortality by day 29. 16473 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients were included in the registry with a mean age of 66.3 years and a male/female ratio of 2/1. 2279 deaths were registered. The Kaplan–Meier estimate of national mortality by day 15 was 7.1% (95%CI: 6.7%-7.5%) while mortality by day 29 was 11.7% (95%CI: 11.2%-12.2%). Cox-adjusted estimates by day 29 shown 18.8% (95%CI: 17.2% -20.3%) mortality in the class 65 years or older. This study provided the largest figure on mortality after the remdesivir treatment of SARS-Cov2 pneumonia in the real-world practice, and it also argued for efficacy of remdesivir in reducing mortality in patients older than 65 years when compared to data from the national surveillance.
A Facile Preparation of Environmentally-Benign and Flame-Retardant Coating on Wood by Comprising Polysilicate and Boric Acid
Authors: Wang Kaihao , Wang Shuheng , Meng Dan , Chen Dong , Mu Chenzhong , Li Hongfei , Sun Jun , Gu Xiaoyu , Zhang Sheng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
For the sake of direct using on the built wooden buildings, a green flame resistance coating comprising sodium polysilicate (SPS) and boric acid was prepared. With weight gain of only 10 wt.%, the treated wood sample (SPS/B-wood) performed improved limiting oxygen index value of 40.3% and passed the V-0 rating in UL-94 test. Additionally, the total heat release, total smoke production and peak carbon monoxide production of SPS/B-wood sample were decreased by 24.5%, 36.0% and 59.4% respectively, compared with that of control wood sample. The residue of SPS/B-wood sample was increased to 54.0% from 18.4% of control wood sample at 800oC in the thermogravimetry analysis. The flame retardant mechanism was suggested that SPS and boric acid formed Si-O-B and Si-O-Si contained structures, isolating the heat and smoke transfer during wood combustion. Notably, NaOH, introduced by the SPS/B coating, catalyzed the lignin to form compact and high-quality char. To conclude, this low-cost and easily-operated coating has a promising future utilizing in the villages with dense wood buildings.
Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses Induced by A. Fumigatus Conidia and Hyphae
Authors: Luo Yingzhi , Liu Fang , Xu Jie , Kong Qingtao , Shi Yi , Sang Hong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose Previous research indicated hyphae of A. fumigatus rather than conidia could successfully build pulmonary aspergillosis model in immunocompetent mice. In this study, we compared the immune responses induced by hyphae and conidia, making a preliminary explanation for the phenomenon.Methods Macrophages and PBMCs were respectively stimulated by A. fumigatus hyphae and conidia and immunological changes were measured in vitro. Male C57BL/6 mice were challenged with conidia and hyphae through intratracheal inoculation. Dynamic conditions of mice were recorded and their immune responses were measured by RNA-seq.Results The results confirmed that hyphae could induce more intensive inflammation than conidia. However, macrophages revealed a higher production of ROS as well as M1 polarization in response to conidia stimuli. In addition, conidia could promote Th1 cell differentiation, while hyphae could increase the CD4/CD8 ratio. RNA-seq validated that multiple immunologically relevant pathways were much more strongly activated by hyphae, which also promoted Th2 cell differentiation and suppressed Th1 cell differentiation. Both hyphae and conidia could activate Th17 cell differentiation.Conclusion Conidia and hyphae induced different immune responses and the immune responses against conidia played a better protective role.
A Multiobjective Optimization of the Welding Process in Aluminum Alloy (AA) 6063 T4 Tubes Used in Corona Rings Through Normal Boundary Intersection and Multivariate Techniques
Authors: Luz Eduardo Rivelino , Romão Estevão Luiz , Streitenberger Simone Carneiro , Mancilha Leonardo Ribeiro , de Paiva Anderson Paulo , Balestrassi Pedro Paulo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The welding process in aluminum is not a simple task to carry out. Problems such as weld bead discontinuity, cracks, and lack of penetration commonly occur in this kind of process. Thus, it is extremely necessary to have an accurate specification of the parameters in order to achieve optimal values for the investigated responses. In view of this, the present paper proposes the application of a multiobjective optimization approach considering multivariate constraints based on the simultaneous confidence intervals and the elliptical region of the correlated data. Structured experiments for the welding process of aluminum alloy (AA) 6063 TA tubes used in corona rings were performed according to a face centered composite design with 4 factors, wire feed rate (Wf), arc voltage (V), contact tip to the workpiece distance (Ct) and motor frequency (Fr), resulting in 31 experiments. Poisson regression was applied to model the values of yield (Y), dilution (D), reinforcement index (RI) and penetration index (PI), allowing to estimate the optimal individual values with regards to the multivariate constraints. Rotated factor scores were obtained in order to replace the original data and therefore the factor multivariate square error was used as objective functions to be minimized through normal boundary intersection method. It was possible to observe that a satisfactory weld bead with large values of PI, D and Y and a small value of RI, was reached as pre specified by the manager of the process.
Minimal Invasive Extra-corporeal Circulation on End Stage Coronary Artery Disease Patients Undergoing Myocardial Revascularization
Authors: Condello Ignazio , Santarpino Giuseppe , Bartolomucci Francesco , Valenti Giovanni , Bari Nicola Di , Moscarelli Marco , Vitobello Vincenza , Triggiani Vera , Gaudino Mario , Rimmaudo Flavio , Speziale Giuseppe , Nasso Giuseppe 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing myocardial revascularization, with concomitant heart failure defined by left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) lower than 35%, constitute a population at risk of poor long-term prognosis and limited survival. The benefits of minimal invasive extracorporeal circulation (MiECC) on end stage coronary artery disease patients undergoing myocardial revascularization has not been described and evidenced by scientific studies. Materials and Methods: In this single-centre control study of 60 end stage coronary artery disease patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting.The patients was divided in two contemporary groups: in group (MiECC), n= 30 coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was used MiECC, whereas, in group conventional extracorporeal circulation (cECC), n=30 CABG was used cECC.Results: Procedures of Group MiECC reported (mean values) of a DO2i of 305 mL/min/m2 in relation to O2ERi 21.5% vs a DO2i of 288 mL/min/m2 in relation to O2ERi 25.6% was found in group MiECC vs cECC (p=0.037). Lactate levels >3 mmol/L were reported in 7 group MiECC patients vs 20 group cECC patients (p=0.038), with blood glucose peak. Mean nadir Hb values during CPB were 9.7 g/dL in group MiECC vs 7.8 g/dL in group cECC (p = 0.044). CI during CPB was 2.4 L/min/m2 in both groups. Total red blood cell administration was 8 units in group MiECC vs 21 units in group cECC (p=0.022). A glycemic peak was recorded in 7 patients of group MiECC vs 20 patients of group cECC (p=0.037).Conclusion:The MiECC technique on end stage coronary artery disease was associated with a higher DO2i compared to cECC. MiECC patients showed a significant reduction in red blood cells units administration, in peak intraoperative lactate levels, which correlated with better postoperative renal outcome and shorter length of stay.