bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Necroptosis contributes to chronic inflammation and fibrosis in aging liver
Authors: Mohammed Sabira , Thadathil Nidheesh , Selvarani Ramasamy , Nicklas Evan H. , Wang Dawei , Miller Benjamin F. , Richardson Arlan , Deepa Sathyaseelan S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInflammaging, characterized by an increase in low‐grade chronic inflammation with age, is a hallmark of aging and is strongly associated with various age‐related diseases, including chronic liver disease (CLD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Because necroptosis is a cell death pathway that induces inflammation through the release of DAMPs, we tested the hypothesis that age‐associated increase in necroptosis contributes to chronic inflammation in aging liver. Phosphorylation of MLKL and MLKL oligomers, markers of necroptosis, as well as phosphorylation of RIPK3 and RIPK1 were significantly upregulated in the livers of old mice relative to young mice and this increase occurred in the later half of life (i.e., after 18 months of age). Markers of M1 macrophages, expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL6 and IL1β), and markers of fibrosis were all significantly upregulated in the liver with age and the change in necroptosis paralleled the changes in inflammation and fibrosis. Hepatocytes and liver macrophages isolated from old mice showed elevated levels of necroptosis markers as well as increased expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines relative to young mice. Short‐term treatment with the necroptosis inhibitor, necrostatin‐1s (Nec‐1s), reduced necroptosis, markers of M1 macrophages, fibrosis, and cell senescence as well as reducing the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the livers of old mice. Thus, our data show for the first time that liver aging is associated with increased necroptosis and necroptosis contributes to chronic inflammation in the liver, which in turn appears to contribute to liver fibrosis and possibly CLD.
Dentinal microcracks and cemental tears related to chemo‐mechanical root canal instrumentation: a micro‐CT Cadaver Study
Authors: Tan VL , Hardiman R , Pilbrow V , Parashos P 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of radicular defects after root canal instrumentation is unresolved. This study used micro‐CT to assess the relationship between the formation of radicular defects and chemo‐mechanical instrumentation in a cadaver model.MethodsMaxillary and mandibular molars (n = 24) were sectioned from cadaver specimens as a tissue block containing the teeth, alveolar bone and attached mucogingival tissues. After a baseline micro‐CT scan (13.45 μm), the specimens were distributed into 3 groups (n = 8 molars): Reciproc®, ProTaper Next™ and Mtwo®. Micro‐CT scans of each specimen were obtained after access, glide path and preparation with each instrument. The pre‐operative and final post‐operative micro‐CT cross‐sectional images of the roots were screened by two blinded examiners to identify any pre‐existing and new radicular defects. Pre‐existing and new radicular defects were examined histologically.ResultsOverall, 16 pre‐existing radicular defects were identified in 12 of the 24 molars (50%). Most of these were cemental tears (87.5%), and not true dentinal microcracks. New dentinal microcracks were observed in the post‐operative micro‐CT scans of only 3 canals (3.9%; 3/77). However, only one of these defects was found to be present histologically.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of the study, chemo‐mechanical instrumentation did not routinely promote the formation of radicular defects.
Resistance and Care in the Time of COVID‐19: Archaeology in 2020
Authors: d'Alpoim Guedes Jade , Gonzalez Sara , Rivera‐Collazo Isabel 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTThe COVID‐19 pandemic offered humanity a portal through which we could break with the past and imagine our world anew. This article reviews how over the course of 2020, a series of intersecting crises at the nexus of racism, settler colonialism, climate change, and sexual harassment have prompted acts of resistance and care in the field of archaeology. Throughout the article, we provide concrete suggestions as to how we can continue the work of movements begun over the course of the past year to improve dynamics within our field and use the lessons from our field to improve life for all people in the world and for our planet. [resistance, care, COVID‐19, 2020, climate change, #MeToo, restorative justice]
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy among women of migrant origin in Finland: A population‐based study
Authors: Bastola Kalpana , Koponen Päivikki , Skogberg Natalia , Gissler Mika , Kinnunen Tarja I. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionHypertensive disorders of pregnancy are a leading cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. We studied the prevalence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy among women of migrant origin in Finland.Material and MethodsThis study used data from the nationwide Medical Birth Register. Information on the most recent singleton birth of women who delivered between 2004 and 2014 (n = 382 233) was included. Women were classified into nine regional categories based on the country of origin. Women of Finnish origin were the reference group. Generalized linear models adjusted for maternal age, socioeconomic position, smoking in pregnancy, parity, pre‐pregnancy body mass index, preexisting diabetes and delivery year were used to study the association between region/country of origin and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.ResultsAmong the study population, almost 8% were of migrant origin. The prevalence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy varied from 1.3% (women of East Asian origin) to 4.2% (women of Sub‐Saharan African origin), compared with 4.6% in the Finnish origin reference group. Compared with women of Finnish origin, the risk for any hypertensive disorders of pregnancy after adjustment for confounders was lower for women of migrant origin, with an exception for women of Sub‐Saharan African origin. When analyzing gestational hypertension and preeclampsia outcomes separately, Sub‐Saharan African origin women had a lower risk for gestational hypertension (risk ratio [RR] 0.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.30–0.56) but a higher risk for preeclampsia (RR 1.77, 95% CI 1.44–2.17) than women of Finnish origin.ConclusionsIn general, women of migrant origin in Finland had a lower risk for any hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and gestational hypertension. The risk for preeclampsia was higher among women of Sub‐Saharan African origin and may warrant special attention.
Key findings from the UKCCMP cohort of 877 patients with haematological malignancy and COVID‐19: disease control as an important factor relative to recent chemotherapy or anti‐CD20 therapy
Authors: Booth Stephen , Curley Helen M. , Varnai Csilla , Arnold Roland , Lee Lennard Y. W. , Campton Naomi A. , Cook Gordon , Purshouse Karin , Aries James , Innes Andrew , Cook Lucy B. , Tomkins Oliver , Oram Helen S. , Tilby Michael , Kulasekararaj Austin , Wrench David , Dolly Saoirse , Newsom‐Davies Tom , Pettengell Ruth , Gault Abigail , Moody Sam , Mittal Sajjan , Altohami Mohammed , Tillet Tania , Illingworth Jack , Mukherjee Leena , Apperly Jane , Ashcroft John , Rabin Neil , Carmichael Jonathan , Cazier Jean‐Baptiste , Kerr Rachel , Middleton Gary , Collins Graham P. , Palles Claire ,   UKCCMP team
Published: November 2021

SummaryPatients with haematological malignancies have a high risk of severe infection and death from SARS‐CoV‐2. In this prospective observational study, we investigated the impact of cancer type, disease activity, and treatment in 877 unvaccinated UK patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and active haematological cancer. The primary end‐point was all‐cause mortality. In a multivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex and comorbidities, the highest mortality was in patients with acute leukaemia [odds ratio (OR) = 1·73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·1–2·72, P = 0·017] and myeloma (OR 1·3, 95% CI 0·96–1·76, P = 0·08). Having uncontrolled cancer (newly diagnosed awaiting treatment as well as relapsed or progressive disease) was associated with increased mortality risk (OR = 2·45, 95% CI 1·09–5·5, P = 0·03), as was receiving second or beyond line of treatment (OR = 1·7, 95% CI 1·08–2·67, P = 0·023). We found no association between recent cytotoxic chemotherapy or anti‐CD19/anti‐CD20 treatment and increased risk of death within the limitations of the cohort size. Therefore, disease control is an important factor predicting mortality in the context of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection alongside the possible risks of therapies such as cytotoxic treatment or anti‐CD19/anti‐CD20 treatments.
Review: Therapist factors and their impact on therapeutic alliance and outcomes in child and adolescent mental health – a systematic review
Authors: Ryan Rachael , Berry Katherine , Hartley Samantha 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundYoung people’s mental health is a significant concern globally. The evidence suggests that there is a strong relationship between therapeutic alliance and children’s reported outcomes such as symptoms and dropout of services. There are indications that therapist characteristics – including static qualities and dynamic behaviours – can be associated with both alliance and outcomes.MethodThe aim of this review was to systematically collate, summarise and critique studies reporting on therapist characteristics that might influence the therapeutic alliance or outcomes for young people accessing child and adolescent mental health services. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis guidelines were followed, and four databases (PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, MEDLINE and CINAHL) were searched for ‘therapist’ and ‘characteristic’ combined with ‘alliance’ or ‘outcome’ and related terms associated with these topics.ResultsA review of 15 papers showed that therapists’ in‐session behaviours and interpersonal style have a significant impact on alliance or outcome. One study also indicated important associations with attachment style. Findings related to ethnicity, gender and level of experience were complex; highlighting differences between subgroups, ages, outcome measurement and diagnostic categories. Methodological issues such as secondary analysis on administrative data confounded the interpretation of results.ConclusionsThere are indications that specific therapist factors can impact on alliance and outcomes in child and adolescent mental health services. Future research needs to adopt a prospective design and measure therapist characteristics and their relationship to alliance or outcome over time in a broad range of settings.
Calciphylaxis in uraemic and nonuraemic settings: clinical risk factors and histopathological findings
Authors: Ababneh E. I. , Hassanein M. , Saad A. M. , Cook E. E. , Ko J. S. , Fatica R. A. , Vachharajani T. J. , Fernandez A. P. , Billings S. D. 
Published: November 2021

Summary

Background
Calciphylaxis is a life-threatening cutaneous ulcerative/necrotic disease characterized by vascular calcification/occlusion. It occurs most commonly in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), known as uraemic calciphylaxis (UC) but can also occur in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and normal kidney function (nonuraemic calciphylaxis; NUC). There are few large series of NUC in the literature.

Aim
To compare the clinicopathological features of UC and NUC.

Methods
We retrospectively compared the clinicopathological features of 35 patients with NUC during the period 2010–2020 with those of 53 patients with UC (control group). Cases were classified as NUC in the absence of all of the following: ESKD, significant CKD (defined as serum creatinine &gt; 3 mg/dL or creatinine clearance &lt; 15 mL/min) and acute kidney injury requiring kidney replacement therapy or kidney transplantation.

Results
NUC represented 40% of the total cases, and there was a higher number of women (P &lt; 0.01) and a higher median body mass index (P = 0.06) compared with the control UC group. Elevated parathyroid hormone was present in 44% of patients with NUC. Most of the tested patients were positive for lupus anticoagulants (56%). NUC biopsies showed a higher rate of extravascular calcium deposits (73% vs. 47%, P = 0.03). Dermal reactive vascular proliferation was the most common dermal change (32%).

Conclusions
NUC is more common than previously reported and shows a higher predilection for obese postmenopausal women. Undiagnosed hyperparathyroidism shows a possible association with NUC. Lupus anticoagulants were positive in most patients. NUC biopsies are more likely than UC biopsies to display extravascular calcium deposition.
Risk of skin cancer after ultraviolet phototherapy in patients with vitiligo: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Y.-H. , Chou C.-L. , Chang H.-C. 
Published: November 2021

Summary

Background
Although ultraviolet (UV) phototherapy is an effective treatment for vitiligo, its effect on the risk of skin cancer remains controversial.

Aim
To investigate the association between UV phototherapy and skin cancer risk in patients with vitiligo.

Methods
A systematic review was performed for studies published before 5 May 2021 in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases. The primary outcome was the association of UV phototherapy with the risk of skin cancer in patients with vitiligo. A meta-analysis with a random-effects model was conducted.

Results
Five retrospective cohort studies covering a total of 228 607 patients with vitiligo (110 038 who had been treated with UV phototherapy and 118 569 patients who had not) were included in the meta-analysis. The risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer [Mantel–Haenszel risk ratio (MHRR) = 0.95; 95% CI 0.44–2.05] and melanoma (MHRR = 1.11; 95% CI 0.33–3.82) did not significantly increase after phototherapy in patients with vitiligo. In the subgroup analysis, we also found no significant association between phototherapy with narrowband UVB phototherapy specifically and risk of skin cancer in patients with vitiligo. There was no significant difference in risk of skin cancer between patients from Europe and those from East Asia and the risk was not affected by the number of narrowband UVB phototherapy sessions.

Conclusions
The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that UV phototherapy is a safe treatment for vitiligo with no significant risk of skin cancer.
Obesity‐related genetic polymorphisms are associated with the risk of early puberty in Han Chinese girls
Authors: Li Di , Zhang Boxian , Cheng Jinquan , Chen Dingyan , Wu Yu , Luo Qingshan , Zhou Li 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the association between obesity and precocious puberty from the perspective of genetic polymorphism.DesignTwo hundred and ninety‐eight pairs of girls in early puberty and age‐matched controls (±3 months) were recruited. The genotypes of four obesity‐related single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci (rs10968576, rs12935153, rs4674340 and rs7635103) were determined and the effect of variation on early puberty in Chinese Han girls was evaluated. The unstimulated luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle‐stimulating hormone and estradiol levels were also measured to determine the relationship with SNP polymorphisms.ResultsThe effect allele A of rs12935153 was associated with early puberty (odds ratio [OR] = 1.256, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.010–1.585), but the significance disappeared after multiple comparisons. After adjusting for body mass index, rs12935153 variation increased the risk of early puberty in additive (OR = 1.589, 95% CI: 1.222–2.066), dominant (OR = 1.788, 95% CI: 1.210–2.642) and recessive (OR = 1.915, 95% CI: 1.207–3.038) models of inheritance. Individuals harbouring AA genotype in rs12935153 had a risk of higher LH levels than that of wild type (OR = 1.668, 95% CI: 1.093–2.546).ConclusionsThe association between obesity and precocity can be explained from a genetic perspective. Our study suggests that variations in rs12935153 increase the risk of early puberty in Chinese girls. Further studies are needed to verify our findings.
Global trends in the trophic specialisation of flower‐visitor networks are explained by current and historical climate
Authors: Luna Pedro , Villalobos Fabricio , Escobar Federico , Neves Frederico S. , Dáttilo Wesley 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTrophic specialisation is known to vary across space, but the environmental factors explaining such variation remain elusive. Here we used a global dataset of flower‐visitor networks to evaluate how trophic specialisation varies between latitudinal zones (tropical and temperate) and across elevation gradients, while considering the environmental variation inherent in these spatial gradients. Specifically, we assessed the role of current (i.e., net primary productivity, temperature, and precipitation) and historical (i.e., temperature and precipitation stability) environmental factors in structuring the trophic specialisation of floral visitors. Spatial variations in trophic specialisation were not explained by latitudinal zones or elevation. Moreover, regardless of network location on the spatial gradient, there was a tendency for higher trophic specialisation in sites with high productivity and precipitation, whereas historical temperature stability was related to lower trophic specialisation. We highlight that both energetic constraints in animal foraging imposed by climate and resource availability may drive the global variation in trophic specialisation.
Are There Distinctive Profiles in Examinee Essay‐Writing Processes?
Authors: Bennett Randy E. , Zhang Mo , Sinharay Sandip , Guo Hongwen , Deane Paul 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGrouping individuals according to a set of measured characteristics, or profiling, is frequently used in describing, understanding, and acting on a phenomenon. The advent of computer‐based assessment offers new possibilities for profiling writing because aspects can be captured that were not heretofore observable. We explored whether writing processes could be profiled of over 30,000 adults taking a high‐school equivalency examination. Process features were extracted from keystroke logs, aggregated into composite indicators, and used with essay score to assign individuals to profiles. Analyses included computing the percentages of individuals that could be classified, using MANOVA to examine differences among profiles on external variables, and examining if profiles could be distinguished from one another based on patterns derived from cluster analysis. Results showed that about 30% of examinees could be classified into profiles that were largely distinct. These results contribute toward a foundation for using such profiles in describing how individuals compose and in how their writing might be improved.
Outcome of superficial keratectomy without conjunctival graft as a surgical technique for immune‐mediated keratitis in horses: Four cases
Authors: Dieterman E. , Hermans H. , Slenter I. J. M. , Kuijpers N. W. , Grinwis G. C. M. , Boevé M. H. 
Published: November 2021

Summary
This case report describes four horses with unilateral superficial or mid‐stromal immune‐mediated keratitis (IMMK) treated with a superficial keratectomy (SK) without a conjunctival graft. In two horses, the surgery was performed under general anaesthesia, and in two horses standing with sedation and local blocks. Results of this report show that SK is a viable treatment option in horses with chronic superficial and/or mid‐stromal IMMK that can even be performed in the standing, sedated horse. When sufficient corneal tissue is removed, no recurrence is to be expected in the long‐term follow‐up (up to 31 months). In two horses, healing occurred without complications. Two horses developed a secondary bacterial infection post‐operatively (Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus). In one case, this resulted in a pre‐perforating melting corneal ulcer necessitating conjunctival pedicle graft surgery 13 days post keratectomy. In three horses, there was no recurrence of the IMMK with a long‐term follow‐up of 6–31 months. One case showed recurrence of IMMK in the cornea region surrounding the keratectomy 9 months after surgery.
Association between dry mouth and physical frailty among community‐dwelling older adults in Japan: The Otassha Study
Authors: Ohara Yuki , Kawai Hisashi , Shirobe Maki , Iwasaki Masanori , Motokawa Keiko , Edahiro Ayako , Kim Hunkyung , Fujiwara Yoshinori , Ihara Kazuhige , Watanabe Yutaka , Obuchi Shuichi , Hirano Hirohiko 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo elucidate the relationship between physical frailty and dry mouth among community‐dwelling older adults in Japan.BackgroundOral hypofunction is associated with physical frailty in older adults. Dry mouth, subjectively evaluated as xerostomia and objectively measured as hyposalivation, is highly prevalent in older adults. However, few reports have used both measures of dry mouth and investigated their association with physical frailty.Materials and MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 643 individuals (mean age, 73.9 years) from the Otassha Study in 2019. Xerostomia was assessed using the 5‐item Summated Xerostomia Inventory (SXI). Hyposalivation was assessed by measuring the amount of resting saliva using the modified cotton roll method. Frailty phenotypes were defined by weakness, slowness, weight loss, low physical activity level and exhaustion components, and served as the outcome variable. Participants with three or more components were considered physically frail, and those with one or two components were considered pre‐frail. Ordinal logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the associations between physical frailty and xerostomia and hyposalivation.ResultsAmong the participants, 4.5% and 49.8% had physical frailty and pre‐frailty, respectively. In ordinal logistic regression analysis adjusted for demographic and health characteristics, the SXI score was associated with physical frailty status (adjusted odds ratio for a one‐point increase in SXI, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.06‐1.19). However, no difference was observed between the amount of resting saliva and severity of physical frailty.ConclusionXerostomia is associated with physical frailty among community‐dwelling older adults in Japan.Clinical Trial Registration: Not applicable.