bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning-Based Election Results Prediction Using Twitter Activity
Authors: Ali Haider , Farman Haleem , Yar Hikmat , Khan Zahid , Habib Shabana , Ammar Adel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, political parties have widely adopted social media for their party promotions and election campaigns. During the election, Twitter and other social media platforms are used for political coverage to promote the party and its candidates. This research discusses and estimates the stability of many volumetric social media approaches to forecast election results from social media activities. Numerous machine learning approaches are applied to opinions shared on social media for predicting election results. This paper presents a machine learning model based on sentiment analysis to predict Pakistan's general election results. In a general election, voters vote for their favorite party or candidate based on their personal interests. Social media has been extensively used for the campaign in Pakistan general election 2018. Using a machine learning technique, we provide a five-step process to analyze the overall election results, whether fair or unfair. The work is concluded with detailed experimental results and a discussion on the outcomes of sentiment analysis for real-world forecasting and approval for general elections in Pakistan.
The Effect of Mode of Delivery On Health-Related Quality-of-Life In Mothers: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis
Authors: Evans Kate , Fraser Hannah , Uthman Olalekan , Osokogu Osemeke , Johnson Samantha , Al-Khudairy Lena 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Previous research is inconclusive on the effects of mode of delivery on maternal health-related quality-of-life. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the current evidence for associations between mode of delivery and postpartum health-related quality-of-life. Methods: Electronic databases MEDLINE ALL (OVID), Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL and EMBASE (OVID) were searched for English written articles investigating the relationship between mode of delivery and quality-of-life published form inception to 15th October 2020. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts, assessed full texts, and extracted data. Meta-analysis was conducted where possible.Results: Twenty-one studies, including 19,879 women, met the inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis of 18 studies found HRQoL scores were significantly higher for women after vaginal delivery in comparison to caesarean (emergency and elective combined) (Effect Size (ES) 0.17, 95% CI 0.01-0.25, n=7665) with highest scores after assisted vaginal delivery (ES 0.21, 95% CI 0.13-0.30, n=2547). Physical functioning (ES 11.18, 95% CI=2.29-20.06, n=1746), physical role (ES 13.10, 95% CI=1.16-25.05, n=1471), vitality (ES 6.31, 95% CI=1.14-10.29, n=1746) and social functioning (ES 5.69, 95% CI=1.26-10.11, n=1746) were significantly higher after vaginal delivery compared to caesarean. There was no significant difference in bodily pain, emotion role, mental health and general health scores were higher after vaginal delivery compared to caesarean.Conclusions: Health-related quality-of-life scores were higher for women after vaginal delivery in comparison to caesarean section. Consequently, women should be encouraged to deliver vaginally where possible. The findings of this research should be available to the relevant population to help support informed choice
The Influence of Region of Interest Width In Fetal 2D-Speckle Tracking Echocardiography Late In Pregnancy
Authors: Omdal Tom Roar , Khan Umael , Ebbing Cathrine , Kessler Jörg , Karlsen Henriette Odland , Leirgul Elisabeth , Matre Knut , Greve Gottfried 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Speckle tracking echocardiography is a promising method for assessment of myocardial function in fetal and neonatal hearts, but further studies are necessary to validate and optimize the settings for use in fetal cardiology. Previous studies have shown that the definition of the region of interest (ROI) affects strain values in adults. The aim of this study was to investigate how different widths of ROI influences measurements of four-chamber longitudinal systolic strain in fetuses late in pregnancy.Methods: Thirty-one singleton, healthy fetuses born to healthy mothers underwent an echocardiographic examination during gestational week 37. Speckle tracking was performed with two different settings for ROI width; the narrowest and second most narrow, provided both widths were assessed as suitable for the myocardial wall thickness of the fetus. Results: We found an inverse correlation between the ROI width and the strain values. Four-chamber longitudinal strain changed from -20.7 ± 3.6% to -18.0 ± 4.4% (p<0.001) with increasing ROI width. Further, strain decreased from the endocardium to the epicardium with multilayer measurements.Conclusions: Different widths of ROI influenced the strain measurements significantly in the fetal heart, comparable to what has been reported in adults. A standardization of the ROI setting could improve the interpretation, and reduce variability in fetal strain measurements.
A meta-analysis of the effect of Kahoot! on academic achievements and student performance
Authors: Yu Zhonggen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Kahoot!-based serious games have received international attention and obtained more than two billion players across over 200 countries and areas (Kahoot!, 2021). However, scanty studies have systematically examined their effect on educational outcomes using a meta-analysis. Through a meta-analysis using Stata/MP 14.0, this study concludes that Kahoot!-based serious games could significantly improve academic achievements and student performance, that the educational level of participants could not predict Kahoot!-assisted academic achievements and student performance, and that the difference in countries or areas could not predict Kahoot!-assisted academic achievements and student performance. More components such as cognitive loads, satisfaction, or anxiety in Kahoot!-based serious games could also be meta-analytically reviewed in the future.
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 Knockout Rescues Obesity Phenotype in a Mice Model of Huntington´s Disease
Authors: Santos Rebeca P. M. , Ribeiro Roberta , Vieira Talita H. F. , Aires Rosaria D. , Souza Jessica M. , Silva Bruna S. , Lima Anna Luiza D. , Oliveira Antônio Carlos P. , Reis Helton J. , Miranda Aline S. , Vieira Erica M. L. , Ribeiro Fabiola M. , Vieira Luciene B. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Obesity represents a serious global public health problem and is characterized by a low-grade chronic inflammatory state, which can increase the risk of comorbidities, such as: atherosclerosis, diabetes and insulin resistance. In this study, we investigated the effects of the genetic deletion of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) on the modulation of obesity features in BACHD mice, a mouse model of Huntington´s disease. For that, we crossed BACHD and mGluR5 knockout mice (mGluR5−/−) in order to obtain the following groups: Wild type (WT), mGluR5−/−, BACHD and BACHD/mGluR5−/− (double mutant mice). Our results showed that the double mutant mice present decreased body weight as compared to BACHD mice at all tested ages and reduced visceral adiposity as compared to BACHD mice at 6 and 12 months of age. Additionally, 12-month-old double mutant mice present increased adipose tissue levels of adiponectin, decreased leptin levels, and increased IL-10/TNF ratio as compared to BACHD mice. Taken together, our data propose that the absence of mGluR5 reduce weight gain and visceral adiposity in BACHD mice, along with a decrease in the inflammatory state in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT), which may indicate that mGluR5 may play a role in adiposity modulation.
The Effect of Anion Architecture on the Lubrication Chemistry of Phosphonium Orthoborate Ionic Liquid
Authors: Munavirov Bulat , Black Jeffrey J. , Shah Faiz Ullah , Leckner Johan , Rutland Mark W. , Harper Jason B. , Glavatskih Sergei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Phosphonium ionic liquids with orthoborate anions have been studied in terms of their interfacial film formation, both physisorbed and sacrificial from chemical breakdown, in sheared contacts of varying harshness. The halogen-free anion architecture was varied through i) the heteronuclear ring size, ii) the hybridisation of the constituent atoms, and iii) the addition of aryl functionalities. ToF-SIMS analysis revealed the extent of sacrificial tribofilm formation allowing the relative stability of the ionic liquids under tribological conditions to be determined and their breakdown mechanisms to be compared to simple thermal decomposition. Overall, ionic liquids outperformed reference oils as lubricants; in some cases, sacrificial films were formed (with anion breakdown a necessary precursor to phosphonium cation decomposition) while in other cases, a protective, self-assembly lubricant layer or hybrid film was formed. The salicylate-based anion was the most chemically stable and decomposed only slightly even under the harshest conditions. It was further found that surface topography influenced the degree of breakdown through enhanced material transport and replenishment. This work thus unveils the relationship between ionic liquid composition and structure, and the ensuing inter- and intra-molecular interactions and chemical stability, and demonstrates the intrinsic tuneability of an ionic liquid lubrication technology.
Ontogenetic shift in diet of a large elapid snake is facilitated by allometric change in skull morphology
Authors: Patterson Matthew Brenton , Wolfe Ashleigh K , Fleming Patricia A , Bateman Philip W , Martin Meg , Sherratt Emma , Warburton Natalie M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
As snakes are limbless, gape-limited predators, their skull is the main feeding structure involved in prey handling, manipulation and feeding. Ontogenetic changes in prey type and size are likely to be associated with distinct morphological changes in the skull during growth. We investigated ontogenetic variation in diet from stomach contents of n = 161 dugite specimens (Pseudonaja affinis, Elapidae) representing the full range of body size for the species, and skull morphology of 46 specimens (range 0.25–1.64 m snout-vent-length; SVL). We hypothesised that changes in prey type throughout postnatal ontogeny would coincide with distinct changes in skull shape. Dugites demonstrate a distinct size-related shift in diet: the smallest individuals ate autotomised reptile tails, medium-sized individuals predominantly ate small reptiles (as snakes grew larger there was an increased likelihood of feeding on reptiles head-first), and the largest individuals (> 0.8 m SVL) ate mammals and large reptiles. Morphometric analysis revealed that ~ 40% of the variation in skull shape was associated with body size (SVL). Through ontogeny, skulls changed from a smooth, bulbous cranium with relatively small trophic bones (upper and lower jaws and their attachments), to more rugous bones (as an adaption for muscle attachment) and relatively longer trophic bones that would extend gape. Individual shape variation in trophic bone dimensions was greater in larger adults and this likely reflects natural plasticity of individuals feeding on different prey sizes/types. Rather than a distinct morphological shift with diet, the ontogenetic changes were consistent, but positive allometry of individual trophic bones resulted in disproportionate growth of the skull, reflected in increased gape size and mobility of jaw bones in adults to aid the ingestion of larger prey and improve manipulation and processing ability. These results indicate that allometric scaling is an important mechanism by which snakes can change their dietary niche.
Alginate/CaCO3 Hybrid Loaded with Sorafenib Tosylate and Gold Hexagons: A Model for Efficient Dual (Chemo-Radio) Treatment of HepG2 Cells
Authors: Sukkar Firas A. , Shafaa Medhat W. , El-Nagdy Mohamed S. , Korraa Soheir S. , darwish wael 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this work, we investigated the combinatorial cytotoxic actions of the chemotherapeutic drug (sorafenib tosylate, ST) in synergism with γ-radiation on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. The novel radiosensitizer, hexagonal gold nanoparticles, was prepared and utilized To enhance the radiobiological response of HepG2 cells. A well-designed nanoporous alginate/CaCO3 hybrid was prepared as a biocompatible/biodegradable nanocarrier for co-delivery of the hydrophobic drug and the hydrophilic radiosensitizer to the cancer cells. Incubation of HepG2 cells with the nanoprobes followed by different doses (0, 3 or 6 Gy) of γ-radiation resulted in significant reduction of the cells viability as a result of the synergistic (chemo-radiation) cytotoxic actions.
EndMT: New findings on the mechanism underlying fibrosis of intrauterine adhesions
Authors: Xu Chengcheng , Bao Meng , Fan Xiaorong , Huang Jin , Zhu Changhong , Xia Wei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIntrauterine adhesion (IUA) is one of the leading causes of infertility and the main clinical challenge is the high recurrence rate. The key to solving this dilemma lies in elucidating the mechanisms of endometrial fibrosis. The aim of our team is to study the mechanism underlying intrauterine adhesion fibrosis and the origin of fibroblasts in the repair of endometrial fibrosis.MethodsOur experimental study involving an animal model of intrauterine adhesion and detection of fibrosis-related molecules. The levels of molecular factors related to the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) were examined in a rat model of intrauterine adhesion using immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, qPCR and Western blot analyses. Main outcome measures are levels of the endothelial marker CD31 and the mesenchymal markers alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and vimentin.ResultsImmunofluorescence co-localization of CD31 and a-SMA showed that 14 days after moulding, double positive cells for CD31 and a-SMA could be clearly observed in the endometrium. Decreased CD31 levels and increased α-SMA and vimentin levels indicate that EndMT is involved in intrauterine adhesion fibrosis.ConclusionsEndothelial cells promote the emergence of fibroblasts via the EndMT during the endometrial fibrosis of intrauterine adhesions.Trial registrationNot applicable.
Barriers to Implementing a Pharmacist-Run Immunization Service, as Perceived by community Pharmacists in a Middle Eastern Country: A cross sectional web-based survey
Authors: Youssef Dalal , Abbas Linda Abou , Hassan Hamad 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Several barriers to instigating a pharmacist-run immunization program existed. This survey aims to identify the barriers perceived by Lebanese community pharmacists (CPs) to implementing such a program and the association of these barriers with their willingness to provide immunization services.Methods:A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted over the period of time extending between the 1st of November and the end of December 2020 among Lebanese community pharmacists. The questionnaire included information on their socio-demographic characteristics, willingness to vaccinate and the perceived barriers to the run of immunization service. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 24.0. Two logistic regression were conducted, one to identify factors associated with pharmacists high perception of barriers and another one to determine the predictors of the pharmacist’s willingness to vaccinate.Results:Out of the 412 surveyed community pharmacists, 67.48% of them were willing to expand their practice scope to include immunization. The main perceived barriers were the conflict with other professionals, liability, and reimbursements concerns, time for professional development and lack of knowledge of adverse events after immunization. Our results showed that females were more likely to perceive barriers than males (aOR=2.460, 95% CI (1.876:6.909)). However, pharmacists reporting previous experience in immunization (aOR=0.250, 95% CI (0.170:0.586)), working in urban area (aOR=0.451, 95% CI (0.199:0.926)) and having extensive working hours (aOR=0.244, 95% CI (0.05:1.2)) were less likely to perceive barriers. Female pharmacists were less willing to vaccinate (aOR=0.211, 95% CI (0.116:0.383)). However, having less than 40 years old (aOR=2.518, 95% CI (1.236:5.130)), having large experience ((aOR=1.78, 95% CI (1.087 to 2.993)) or previous experience in immunization (aOR=1.702, 95% CI (1.092 to 3.141)), being pharmacy owner (aOR=1.504, 95% CI (1.098:2.103)) and working more than 24 hours per week (aOR=2.622, 95% CI (1.447:4.752) were positively associated to the willingness to vaccinate. Pharmacists who perceived reimbursement (aOR=0.449 with 95% CI (0.264-0.765)), lack of pharmacy space (aOR=0.410 with 95% CI (0.158-1.060)), sharp safety (aOR=0.298 with 95% CI (0.146-0.609)) and insufficient staff (aOR=0.388 with 95% CI (0.190-0.794)) as barriers were less likely to implement pharmacy-run immunization.Conclusion:Addressing the identified barriers driving pharmacist’s lower willingness to vaccinate would be required to fully harness the potential of pharmacists as vaccinators.
Aufgabenklärung in inklusiven Settings. Zuständigkeiten von allgemeinen und sonderpädagogischen Lehrkräften
Authors: Quante Alina , Urbanek Claudia 
Published: September 2021

Die Umsetzung schulischer Inklusion erfordert eine (multi-)professionelle Kooperation. Welche konkreten Aufgaben allgemeine und sonderpädagogische Lehrkräfte im inklusiven Setting übernehmen (sollen), gilt als Kern der Kooperationsproblematik. Die Klärung dieser Frage liegt in der Verantwortung der Lehrkräfte. Ausgehend von der Notwendigkeit der Professionalisierung von pädagogischem Fachpersonal für inklusive Bildung und Kooperation wird auf ein Fortbildungskonzept zur Kooperation im inklusiven Setting verwiesen. Dazu werden die theoretische Fundierung, die konzeptionelle Verankerung sowie die wesentlichen Inhalte der Fortbildung zusammenfassend dargestellt. Die explizite Aushandlung der Aufgabenzuständigkeiten wird mithilfe eines Reflexionsbogens unterstützt. Zudem erfolgt eine Analyse der Daten aus der Begleituntersuchung zur Frage nach den gegenwärtigen und gewünschten Zuständigkeiten für inklusionsspezifische Aufgaben aus Sicht der Lehrkräfte.

Abstract
(Multi-)professional work teams are needed to meet the requirements of inclusive education. It is unclear which tasks collaborating teachers (should) fulfil, wherefore task clarification is considered the problematic core of collaboration. Regular and special education teachers are mostly left to clarify these uncertainties on their own. Following the need for professionalization in inclusive settings a professional development measure, especially designed for pairs of collaborating teachers in inclusive settings, is depicted. The theoretical foundation, the concept and essential contents will be described. A sheet for reflection is used as one part of professional development, to encourage the task clarification among teachers. The research project, accompanying the professional development, poses the question which tasks are considered as whose responsibility and if this classification is in line with the teachers’ expectations.
Enhanced weathering in the seabed: Rapid olivine dissolution and iron sulfide formation in submarine volcanic ash
Authors: Kahl Wolf-Achim , Klügel Andreas , Bach Wolfgang , Murshed Mangir 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In basaltic volcanic ash recovered from a seamount at 3000 m water depth, we discovered marcasite and pyrite precipitation within cavities that formed by partial to complete dissolution of olivine. In places, these cavities are reminiscent of negative crystal shapes; elsewhere they apparently continue along cracks. In strong contrast, adjacent volcanic glass shows little, if any, evidence for dissolution. The FeS2 precipitates were commonly found to be conjoined and planar aggregates, occurring in the center of the voids. Their maximum volume fraction in relation to the void space as determined by 2D and 3D imaging techniques corresponds to the amount of iron released by olivine dissolution. Almost all occurrences of FeS2 precipitation are related to Cr-spinel inclusions in the former olivine. We propose that rapid olivine dissolution was initiated by reduced H2S-bearing fluids at olivine grain boundaries or surfaces exposed by cracks. Many of these cracks are connected to spinel grains, where the iron liberated from olivine is mineralized as FeS2, initially facilitated by heterogeneous nucleation. Subsequent pyrite and/or marcasite precipitation occurred as overgrowths on existing FeS2 aggregates. The particular chemical environment of low-pH, hydrogen sulfide-bearing fluids may have enhanced olivine dissolution by (1) keeping Fe in solution and (2) sequestering important quantities of Fe as FeS2. The in situ oxidation of ferrous Fe and precipitation of ferric hydroxides at the olivine surface commonly observed in oxic environments were obviously impeded. It would have slowed down olivine dissolution to rates more similar to the dissolution of basaltic glass. We have no direct indication that the process of rapid olivine dissolution was aided by subseafloor life. However, the presence of fibrous structures with small sulfide particles could indicate late colonization of sulfate-reducing bacteria that may add an additional path of iron fixation.
Use of combined UASB + eMBR treatment for removal of emerging micropollutants and reduction of fouling
Authors: Mora-Cabrera Karen , Peña-Guzmán Carlos , Trapote Arturo , Prats Daniel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study employs a novel combined pilot plant consisting of an anaerobic reactor followed by a membrane electrochemical bioreactor (eMBR) to treat domestic water containing selected contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) [ibuprofen (IB), carbamazepine (CBZ), diclofenac (DCF) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2)]. The first phase operated as a conventional membrane bioreactor to achieve the removal of organic matter [chemical oxygen demand (COD)], the CECs and phosphorus. A removal rate of 96.3% for COD, 94.5% for IB, 37.1% for CBZ, 87.1% for DCF and 96% for EE2 was obtained. In the three subsequent phases, current density (CD) of 5, 10 and 15 A/m2 was applied successively in the eMBR with the aim of investigating the effects on the removal of the former components and the fouling of the membrane. After the application of 5 and 10 A/m2 CD, the removal rate of COD decreased. Regarding phosphorus, a CD of 5 A/m2 was enough to achieve the rate of 97% and the membrane fouling suffered a substantial reduction too. Finally, the experimental results were subject to statistical analysis using the Kruskal–Wallis and Wilcoxon tests to validate the influence of each CD.