bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and determinants of high volume dispensing in long-term oral nutritional supplement users in primary care: a secondary analysis
Authors: Dominguez Castro Patricia , Reynolds Ciara , Bizzaro Maria Gabriella , Kennelly Sharon , Clyne Barbara , Bury Gerard , Bradley Catriona , Finnigan Karen , McCullagh Laura , Murrin Celine , Perrotta Carla , Gibney Eileen R , Corish Clare A 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundOral nutritional supplements (ONS) are recommended for patients who are malnourished or at risk of malnutrition. Appropriate ONS prescribing requires regular monitoring to assess its continued requirement. Previous research identified long-term ONS prescriptions (>6 months) without review, with 70% of these influenced by social factors.AimTo investigate the characteristics of long-term ONS users in Ireland and the determinants of larger volumes of ONS dispensing.Design & settingSecondary analysis of anonymous dispensed pharmacy claims data of patients dispensed standard ONS for 12 consecutive months in 2018 (n = 912).MethodFactors showing significant (P<0.05) univariate associations with above the median consumption of ONS units were entered into a multivariable model.ResultsMedian age was 76 (range 18 to 101) years, with 66.9% of the sample being ≥65 years. Almost 70% of the samples were on polypharmacy (45.6%; ≥5 medications) or excessive polypharmacy (21.5%; ≥10 medications). Younger age and being on polypharmacy for drugs having an effect on the central nervous system (CNS) were significantly associated with being dispensed more ONS units in univariate and multivariate analysis. Those patients in the age range 18 to 44 were 2.5 fold more likely to be prescribed more ONS units (odds ratio [OR] 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5 to 4.3; P<0.001). Patients using CNS drugs or on CNS polypharmacy were more likely to be prescribed more ONS units (ORs 1.2 and 2.4; 95% CI 0.9 to 1.4 and 1.3 to 4.4 respectively; P = 0.029).ConclusionOlder age and polypharmacy characterise long-term ONS users in this study. Younger age and CNS medication polypharmacy are predictors of more ONS units prescribed over a year.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN PENDEKATAN TARGET DAN KAIZEN COSTING TERHADAP UPAYA MENGURANGI BIAYA PRODUKSI
Authors: Lesmana Budi 
Published: January 2021

The research is divided into an understanding of the target costing, understanding of the Kaizen costing, and to which the outcome is to be obtained using the target and Kaizen costing. The study combines costing targets with costing kaizen for cost reduction. This research is a type of descriptive research with the case study type at PT. Victory Garmintex. The research at PT. Victory Garmintex begins with determining the objectives, namely the business of Kaizen based on the price that the consumer wants to pay and should be achieved. Once it is started to identify and eliminate waste. The result is the elimination of waste and minimized waste; Use of raw materials, raw material supplies, packaging processes, packing processes, and waste of work, and the extravagance of transportation. The final step is to evaluate the implementation of Kaizen costing. Evaluation is done by comparing the actual earned savings achieved with the objectives set at the beginning. The results of the evaluation showed PT. Victory Garmintex has managed to reduce the company's production costs using the target costing and kaizen costing.
Keywords: Costing target, kaizen costing, cost reduction, waste, elimination of waste, small step

Penelitian ini terbagi dalam pemahaman tentang target costing, pemahaman tentang kaizen costing dan sejauh mana hasil yang bakal diperoleh dengan menggunakan target dan kaizen costing. Penelitian ini menggabungkan antara target costing dengan kaizen costing untuk pengurangan biaya. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan jenis studi kasus pada PT. Victory Garmintex. Penelitian di PT. Victory Garmintex, diawali dengan menentukan tujuan, yaitu usaha kaizen yang berdasarkan harga yang ingin dibayarkan konsumen dan harus dicapai. Setelah itu dimulailah mengidentifikasi dan mengeliminasi pemborosan. Hasilnya adalah dieliminasinya pemborosan dan diminimumkannya pemborosan; pemakaian bahan baku, persediaan bahan baku, proses pengemasan, proses pengepakan, serta pemborosan gerak kerja, dan pemborosan transportasi. Langkah terakhir yang dilakukan adalah mengevaluasi implementasi kaizen costing. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan membandingkan penghematan aktual yang berhasil diperoleh dengan tujuan yang telah ditetapkan di awal. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan PT. Victory Garmintex telah berhasil mengurangi biaya produksi perusahaan dengan menggunakan target costing dan kaizen costing.
Kata Kunci: target costing, kaizen costing, pengurangan biaya, pemborosan, eliminasi pemborosan, langkah kecil
Investigation of the process of rye brews saccharification
Authors: Samuilenko T. D. , Akulich A. V. 
Published: January 2021

Malt varieties of bread made from rye and a mixture of rye and wheat flour are enjoyed and of the greatest demand in the Republic of Belarus, the share of which in the total volume of bakery products reaches 45.2%, and in the volume of the bread assortment – up to 100.0%. The production of custard breads is carried out mainly with the use of fermented brews obtained on the basis of saccharified and thermophilic fermented brews, which is a multistage continuously prepared semi-finished product. At a discrete mode, the stage of preparing saccharified brews as the basis for thermophilic fermented and, ultimately, fermented brews are not realizable due to the impossibility of ensuring its stable chemical composition. The purpose of this work was to establish the relationship between the indicators of saccharified brews, its recipe composition and the technological parameters of preparation, which make it possible to predict the indicators of this semi-finished product at a discrete mode, control them and justifiably regulate the composition and technological parameters. The studies were carried out on the basis of bakery enterprises of the Republic of Belarus operating in a discrete mode. As an object of research, we selected saccharified tea leaves with a mass fraction of moisture 72.0%. The work uses special methods for assessing the indicators of saccharified brews. It has been established that for the preparation of saccharified brewing in the production cycle, seeded rye flour is used in an amount of 10.0% to 24.0%, unfermented rye malt in an amount of 2.0% to 8.0% of the flour mass according to a unified recipe for malt bread, the duration of the saccharification of the brews varies from 60 minutes to 720 minutes, and the temperature – from 45ºС to 65ºС. Different combinations of the composition of saccharified brews and the technological parameters of their preparation affect the dynamics of hydrolytic processes of flour biopolymers, which leads to instability of the chemical composition. Dependences have been obtained between the indices of saccharified brews, their recipe composition and technological parameters of preparation for regulating the chemical composition in the case of instability of applications of trade organizations for an assortment of malt varieties of bread and discreteness in the operating mode of baking enterprises.
Fungicides against diseases of lawn grass leaves
Authors: Retman S. , Nychyporuk O. , Shevchuk О. 
Published: January 2021

Goal. To evaluate the effectiveness of the use of fungicides of various chemical groups against the leaf diseases turfgrass.
Methods. The research was carried out in 2015—2017 on the lawn mixture «Universal» in the zone of the Polissya of Ukraine. The effect of fungicides of various chemical groups was investigated (Impact T, SC; Bumper Super, EC; Amistar Extra 280 SC, SC; Alto Super 300 EC, EC; Maxim 025 FS, FS; Horus 75 WG, WG). Fungicides were applied twice. The first spraying was carried out when development of diseases in control plot reached 3—5%, the second — in 30 days. The assessments were performed according to generally accepted methods, disease spread, disease severity and technical efficiency of pesticides were determined.
Results. During the period of research, the most common leaf diseases of turfgrass, which eveloped annually and had a significant severity during the growing season, were powdery mildew and septoria leaf blotch. After two-time spraying, the technical efficiency of fungicides against powdery mildew reached 82.2—92.2%, against septoria leaf blotch up to 80.2%. The most effective against powdery mildew was the use of Alto Super 330 EC, EC (0.5 l / ha), Amistar Extra 280 SC, SC (0.75 l / ha) and tank mixture of Maxim 025 FS, FS (0.75 l / ha and 1.0 l / ha) with Horus 75 WG, VH (0.6 kg / ha). Against the septoria leaf blotch, the highest efficiency was shown by Alto Super 330 EC, EC (0.5 l / ha), Bumper Super, EC (0.8 l / ha) and Maxim 025 FS, FS (1.0 l / ha) + Horus 75 WG, WG (0.6 kg / ha). In addition, due to the reduction of disease severity, a positive effect of fungicides on the quality of the lawn was achieved and the projective coating increased to 92—93%.
Conclusion. The use of fungicides contributes to the reduction of disease and the formation of quality herbs. The best indicators against flour dew and septoriosis of leaves were obtained for the treatment of Alto Super 330 EC, CE (0.5 l / ha) and tank Maxim 025 FS, tc.s. (1.0 l / ha) + Horus 75 WG, VH (0.6 kg / ha).
Translation Technology in the Curricula of the Department of Translation at the Faculty of Languages and Translation, Aden University
Authors: Abdulkhaliq  Abdulkareem Adel 
Published: January 2021

Translation technology offers a great contribution to the field of translation, bringing strong changes to the way translation is studied and done. This research paper examines the translation technology in the curricula of the Department of Translation at the Faculty of Languages and Translation, the University of Aden. It also aims to identify the extent to which students of the fourth level in the Department rate their abilities in using such translation technologies and to specify their attitudes towards them. To attain these aims, the researcher used a descriptive method. A questionnaire was distributed to the sample of the study, which consisted of 24 participants who were selected randomly. The findings of the study show that the participants rated their abilities in using translation technology such as CAT tools and OCRs, etc. as 'poor'. They confirmed that the curricula of the Department of Translation do not help equip them with the required knowledge and skills to use and deal with such translation technologies and resources. The participants stated that using translation technologies are important due to their numerous advantages. This study concludes with some recommendations, one of them is that it is necessary to add at least one additional course that deals with translation technologies. It also recommends that it is essential to update the curricula of the Department of Translation taking into consideration the students' needs and requirements of the local and regional markets.
LABOUR COSTS IN THE POLISH ECONOMY IN 2010-2014 YEARS
Authors: KUCZYŃSKA-CESARZ Anna 
Published: January 2021

Koszty pracy stanowią ważny obszar wszechstronnych analiz dokonywanych w gospodarce polskiej w celu zwiększenia jej efektywności.
Przedmiotem analizy niniejszego artykułu są koszty pracy w gospodarce polskiej w latach 2010-2014. Analizę przeprowadzono w oparciu o dane Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego. Dotyczyła ona następujących obszarów tematycznych: przeciętne wynagrodzenie miesięczne, płacowe i pozapłacowe koszty pracy, koszty pracy w różnych sekcjach gospodarki narodowej i w różnych sektorach własności.
Wnioski z przeprowadzonej analizy mogą być wykorzystane dla różnych potrzeb krótko- i długo-terminowego procesu decyzyjnego, na szczeblu mikro i makro w gospodarce.
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN MICRO ENTERPRISES – LIMITATIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES
Authors: Kowalewski Karol 
Published: January 2021

Tematyka artykułu dotyczy specyfiki zarządzania kadrami w mikroprzedsiębiorstwach. W pierwszej części pracy scharakteryzowano ograniczenia i błędy w procesie zarządzania kadrami, które cechują krajowe mikroprzedsiębiorstwa. Kluczową część pracy poświęcono przedstawieniu szans, jakie daje firmom niewielkie zatrudnienie. W szczególności zwrócono uwagę na możliwość indywidualizacji działań wchodzących w zakres procesu kadrowego. Ukazano m.in. koncepcję i etapy wdrażania indywidualnych zestawów motywacyjnych (IZM) i indywidualnych planów rozwoju (IPR). Rozważania teoretyczne wzbogacono o wyniki badań empirycznych, które dostępne są w literaturze przedmiotu oraz w raportach i innych opracowaniach badawczych.
Hands-On Contextual Learning Experimentation on Psychomotor Abilities
Authors: Ramdhan Billyardi 
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of contextual learning models based on hands-on activities on students' psychomotor abilities. This type of research is a quasi-experimental using pretest posttest control group design. The results showed the psychomotor ability of students in the experimental class averaged 79.63 which was categorized as "good" while the control class obtained an average of 68.93 which was also categorized as "good". Hypothesis testing using t test shows the results of tcount = 4.73 while the t table = 2.002 so that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. This means that there is a significant difference between learning using hands-on contextual learning models compared to contextual learning models based on conventional practicum student psychomotor abilities. The results of the correlation coefficient test, the experimental class got the value of rxy = 0.9965 and the contribution was 99.30% while the control class was rxy = 0.987 and the contribution was 97.42% with the value of r (0.05) (30) = 0.361. Thus rcount> rtable which means that there is a very strong relationship between psychomotor abilities and cognitive knowledge on water pollution material based on the interpretation coefficient interpretation table in the two classes.
Kajian Disiplin dan Motivasi Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (Studi Kasus Hotel Ibis Styles Gajah Mada Jakarta)
Authors: Sitio Raston 
Published: January 2021

Pentingnya penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja karyawanhotel ibis style Jakarta.Penelitian ini dilakukan pada karyawan hotel ibis style Jakarta yang terletak di Gajah Mada mulai bulan Juli sampai bulan Desember tahun 2018 dengan jumlah populasi seluruh karyawan hotel ibis style Jakarta sebanyak 115 orang dengan menggunakan seluruh populasi menjadi sample penelitian. Data yang sudah dikumpulkan akan ditabulasi kemudian di uji dan dianalisis menggunakan regresi berganda linier dengan program SPSS versi 25.Hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa faktor disiplin kerja dan motivasi berpengaruh signifikan baik secara simultan terhadap kinerja karyawan Hotel Ibis Style Jakarta. Namun secara parsial, faktor disiplin kerja tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan sementara faktor motivasi kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan hanya sebesar 37,2%. Diperlukan penelitian lanjutan dengan variabel yang lebih banyak agar dapat di peroleh hasil penelitian yang lebih baik.
Gebelikte Uyku Problemleri ile Baş Etme ve Ebelik Rolü
Authors: KAÇAR Nükhet , ÖZCAN Handan 
Published: January 2021

Uyku fiziksel, psikolojik sağlık için gerekli temel fizyolojik gereksinimlerden biridir ve bireyin yaşam kalitesini etkilemektedir. Uyku bozuklukları gebelik sırasında da sıklıkla görülmektedir. Gebelikte yaşanan problemler arasında insomnia, parasomnia, uykuda solunum bozuklukları, huzursuz bacak sendromu, obstrüktif uyku apne sendromu gibi uyku bozuklukları yer almaktadır. Gebelerin yaşadıkları uyku bozukluklarının prevalansı %25-70 arasında değişmektedir. Uyku bozuklarının en sık sebepleri ise; idrara sık çıkma, sırt ağrısı, huzursuz bacak sendromu, fetal hareketler, mide yanması ve horlama gibi gebelik yakınmaları ile gebelik haftasının ilerlemesiyle karın büyümesi ve vücut şeklinin değişmesidir. Uyku problemleri ile baş etmek için kullanılabilecek yöntemler; stres ile baş etme, yoga, egzersiz, masaj, farkındalık eğitimi, ev ziyaretleri, uyku hijyeni eğitimi ve benzeridir.
Birinci basamak gebelerini takip eden ebelerin uyku örüntüsünü değerlendirmeli ve ev ziyaretleri ile bunu desteklemelidirler. Gebelere uykunun önemi, maternal ve fetal sağlığı etkilediği bilgisi verilmeli ve uyku problemi yaşandığında çözüm aranmalıdır. Uyku problemine sebep olabilecek sistematik hastalıklar sorgulamalı ve gerekli yönlendirmeler yapılmalıdır. Gebelere uyku hijyeni eğitimi verilmeli ve takipleri sağlanmalıdır.
not even invented
Authors: Bowman Deborah 
Published: January 2021

William Empson was ambivalent about etymology; ‘we would often like an influence from past uses to survive in a word’, he wrote in 1977, ‘when it plainly doesn’t’. But he had always been preoccupied with ‘how a structure of meaning comes to be built up in a word’; this is part of what Kitty Hauser identifies as an ‘archaeological imagination’, an important strand of thought about origins and histories running through English modernism, by means of which what people would like to survive could be mysteriously animated. Empson’s poems of 1936 cast alterations and retentions of verbal meaning – which arise out of human behaviour but seem also to possess a power of their own – as figures for other forces detected but not fathomed. Considering contemporary events and public speculations over their causes and consequences, they were written while Empson, researching The Structure of Complex Words (1951), was thinking closely about what and how dictionary entries can convey. Shaped by reading the OED at a particular point in its own history, and through a particular historical moment, they also read that moment through the dictionary, and are set in motion by his wary investigation of what you could call an etymological imagination.
Animating Athens
Authors: Duquès Matthew 
Published: January 2021

In the early nineteenth century, a revival of all things ancient Greek opened opportunities for women on either side of the Atlantic to study Greek history, literature, and myth as the products of a powerful world apart from their own, and to re-envision that world through fictional dialogues, sketches, and romances. While the resulting body of literature has been studied for its contributions to modern discourses on aesthetics, sexuality, and politics, little work has been done to understand how this popular, Romantic Hellenism served to expand upon an enlightenment-oriented environmental perspective that sought to counter the first effects of industrialization. This essay takes such a tack. It situates Wright's and Child's comments on the gender of suns, rivers, landscapes, and polities in "A Few Days in Athens" and “Philothea: A Grecian Romance,” two short, philosophical fictions that emphasize the pristine and luminous, yet fundamentally endangered natural worlds of ancient Greece. I argue that their visions of the Greek environments of the deep past as subject to cycles of declension and regeneration offer model for future theories of ecology.
Variation of Magnetic Flux Ropes through Major Solar Flares
Authors: Duan Aiying , Jiang Chaowei , Zhou Zhenjun , Feng Xueshang , Cui Jun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
It remains unclear how solar flares are triggered and in what conditions they can be eruptive with coronal mass ejections. Magnetic flux ropes (MFRs) has been suggested as the central magnetic structure of solar eruptions, and their ideal instabilities, including the kink instability (KI) and torus instability (TI), are important candidates for triggering mechanisms. Here, using magnetic field extrapolations from observed photospheric magnetograms, we systematically studied the variation of coronal magnetic fields, focusing on MFRs, through major flares including 29 eruptive and 16 confined events. We found that nearly 90% of events possess MFRs before flares, and 70% have MFRs even after flares. We calculated the controlling parameters of KI and TI, including the MFR’s maximum twist number and the decay index of its strapping field. Using the KI and TI thresholds empirically derived solely from the pre-flare MFRs, two distinctly different regimes are shown in the variation of the MFR controlling parameters through flares. For the events with both parameters below their thresholds before flares, we found no systematic change of the parameters after the flares, in either the eruptive or confined events. In contrast, for the events with any of the two parameters exceeding their threshold before flares (most of them are eruptive), there is systematic decrease in the parameters to below their thresholds after flares. These results provide a strong constraint for the values of the instability thresholds and also stress the necessity of exploring other eruption mechanisms in addition to the ideal instabilities.
(Re)construction identitaire et pratique infirmière en psychiatrie légale : réflexion critique sur les commissions d’examen
Authors: Domingue Jean-Laurent , Jacob Jean Daniel , Perron Amélie , Pariseau-Legault Pierre , Foth Thomas 
Published: January 2021

Introduction : la portée caritative des soins infirmiers psycholégaux est rarement remise en question. Contexte : ces soins sont balisés indirectement par la Commission d’examen (CE), un tribunal parajudiciaire veillant à la sécurité publique. Objectif : nous proposons une réflexion critique au sujet des effets politiques et sociaux de la CE, des hôpitaux de psychiatrie légale et de la pratique des infirmières qui y travaillent. Méthode : notre réflexion est axée sur les concepts de biopouvoir, de cérémonie de dégradation, de carrière morale et de (re)construction identitaire. Résultats : les pratiques « thérapeutiques » infirmières s’insèrent, d’une part, dans la visée disciplinaire de l’hôpital psycholégal, dans la mesure où elles permettent l’identification et la gestion des personnes dangereuses, et d’autre part, dans la portée biopolitique de la CE puisqu’elles aident cette dernière à maintenir la sécurité publique. Discussion : le milieu psycholégal s’avère problématique pour les infirmières puisqu’il les confronte à une double allégeance mettant sous tension leurs responsabilités envers les patients (consentement et confidentialité) et celles qu’elles ont envers l’institution (protection du public). Conclusion : notre cadre d’analyse permet de repenser d’autres processus tenus pour acquis en milieux psychiatriques, mais qui constituent tout autant des rituels de (re)construction identitaire.
La layette a-t-elle une histoire ?
Authors: Morel Marie-France 
Published: January 2021

En Occident, depuis l’Antiquité jusqu’au xx e siècle, tous les nourrissons sont emmaillotés pendant leurs premiers mois. Si la volonté de protéger le bébé du froid est universelle, le façonnage du corps par des pièces de layette variées s’explique par la hantise du corps difforme, « noué » par le rachitisme. Symboliquement, les contraintes exercées sur le corps du nourrisson ont aussi pour but de le tirer vers l’humanité, en l’arrachant à la position fœtale. Au cours des siècles, se produisent des changements, à la fois dans les manières de façonner le maillot, dans l’adjonction d’autres pièces de layette, et dans les motivations des pratiques.
Petite histoire de la mode pour bébés en Occident
Authors: Brosseau Clémentine 
Published: January 2021

La mode pour bébés connaît de nombreuses évolutions en lien avec la place de l’enfant dans la société. Pendant plusieurs siècles, il est simplement emmailloté, puis porte des robes unisexes jusqu’à l’âge de 7 ans. Au xviii e siècle apparaissent les premiers signes d’une mode qui lui est enfin dédiée. Ce phénomène de mode pour bébés n’a fait qu’évoluer pour arriver aujourd’hui à une part prépondérante de marché dans le milieu de la mode, de la fast fashion au monde du luxe.