bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The identity changes in online learning and teaching: instructors, learners, and learning management systems
Authors: Kwon Soyeong , Kim Woolchul , Bae Changyeon , Cho Minjang , Lee Seunghoon , Dreamson Neal 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNot because of the unexpected global pandemic, but because of the emergence of educational technology and pedagogical innovation, the ways of teaching and learning have been switched to technology integrated modes such as blended and flipped learning which is more than changing to online from face-to-face. Yet, many institutes, which rely on a conventional residential teaching mode or use learning management systems (LMS) as an additive tool, are further struggling to adjust to the new environment. In this paper, we argue that the identity changes of three components, instructor, learner, and LMS are inevitable for authentic online teaching and learning. By applying conceptual frameworks for the identity changes with four sequential levels, we evaluated Blackboard course sites (n = 53) and analysed course evaluations (n = 41) from a university that remained holding a traditional classroom mode and using an LMS in a non-integrated way. As a result, only a few courses appeared at higher levels of the identity changes. To integrate the identity changes in online learning and teaching, we argue that an LMS should be designed and managed as a learning community; both instructors and learners should be repositioned as co-participants; and they should work together to build a post-learning community by practicing community membership.
Effect of functional electrical stimulation versus TheraTogs on gait and balance in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: El-Shamy Shamekh Mohamed , El Kafy Ehab Mohamed Abd 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Children with cerebral palsy exhibit postural restrictions and gait problems as a result of both primary and secondary brain damage impairments. One of the main goals of cerebral palsy rehabilitation is to improve gait and balance. As a result, the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of FES and TheraTogs on gait and balance in children with hemiplegic CP. A randomized controlled study was conducted on 30 children with hemiplegic CP (18 boys and 12 girls) between the ages of 8 and 12 years. The children were divided into two equal groups. In addition to the traditional physical treatment program, the FES group received functional electrical stimulation (pulse width 300 μs, frequency 33 Hz, 2 h/day, 3 days/week, 3 months). The TheraTogs group, on the other hand, received the TheraTogs strapping system as well as the same traditional program for the same time period. The 3-D motion analysis and the Biodex balance system were used to analyze gait parameters and postural stability at baseline and 3 months after the intervention.

Results
When comparing the mean values of the gait parameters and postural stability indices of children in both groups before and after treatment, a significant improvement was reported. Furthermore, the FES group showed a greater improvement in all of the measured outcomes (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Functional electrical stimulation improves gait pattern and postural stability in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy significantly more than TheraTogs strapping systems.

Clinical trial registration
This study was registered in the ClinicalTrial.gov PRS (NCT05020834).
The Saline Infusion Test for Primary Aldosteronism: Implications of Immunoassay Inaccuracy
Authors: Eisenhofer Graeme , Kurlbaum Max , Peitzsch Mirko , Constantinescu Georgiana , Remde Hanna , Schulze Manuel , Kaden Denise , Müller Lisa Marie , Fuss Carmina T , Kunz Sonja , Kołodziejczyk-Kruk Sylwia , Gruber Sven , Prejbisz Aleksander , Beuschlein Felix , Williams Tracy Ann , Reincke Martin , Lenders Jacques W M , Bidlingmaier Martin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Context
Diagnosis of primary aldosteronism (PA) for many patients depends on positive results for the saline infusion test (SIT). Plasma aldosterone is often measured by immunoassays, which can return inaccurate results.

Objective
This study aimed to establish whether differences in aldosterone measurements by immunoassay versus mass spectrometry (MS) might impact confirmatory testing for PA.

Methods
This study, involving 240 patients tested using the SIT at 5 tertiary care centers, assessed discordance between immunoassay and MS-based measurements of plasma aldosterone.

Results
Plasma aldosterone measured by Liaison and iSYS immunoassays were respectively 86% and 58% higher than determined by MS. With an immunoassay-based SIT cutoff for aldosterone of 170 pmol/L, 78 and 162 patients had, respectivel, negative and positive results. All former patients had MS-based measurements of aldosterone &lt; 117 pmol/L, below MS-based cutoffs of 162 pmol/L. Among the 162 patients with pathogenic SIT results, MS returned nonpathologic results in 62, including 32 under 117 pmol/L. Repeat measurements by an independent MS method confirmed nonpathogenic results in 53 patients with discordant results. Patients with discordant results showed a higher (P &lt; 0.0001) prevalence of nonlateralized than lateralized adrenal aldosterone production than patients with concordant results (83% vs 28%). Among patients with nonlateralized aldosterone production, 66% had discordant results. Discordance was more prevalent for the Liaison than iSYS immunoassay (32% vs 16%; P = 0.0065) and was eliminated by plasma purification to remove interferents.

Conclusion
These findings raise concerns about the validity of immunoassay-based diagnosis of PA in over 60% of patients with presumed bilateral disease. We provide a simple solution to minimize immunoassay inaccuracy-associated misdiagnosis of PA.
Co-existing Neuropeptide FF and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone 3 Coordinately Modulate Male Sexual Behavior
Authors: Umatani Chie , Yoshida Nagisa , Yamamoto Eri , Akazome Yasuhisa , Mori Yasutaka , Kanda Shinji , Okubo Kataaki , Oka Yoshitaka 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Animals properly perform sexual behaviors by using multiple sensory cues. However, neural mechanisms integrating multiple sensory cues and regulating motivation for sexual behaviors remain unclear. Here, we focused on peptidergic neurons, terminal nerve gonadotropin-releasing hormone (TN-GnRH) neurons, which receive inputs from various sensory systems and co-express neuropeptide FF (NPFF) in addition to GnRH. Our behavioral analyses using knockout medaka of GnRH (gnrh3) and/or NPFF (npff) demonstrated that some sexual behavioral repertoires were delayed, not disrupted, in gnrh3 and npff single knockout males, while the double knockout appeared to alleviate the significant defects that were observed in single knockouts. We also found anatomical evidence to show that both neuropeptides modulate the sexual behavior-controlling brain areas. Furthermore, we demonstrated that NPFF activates neurons in the preoptic area via indirect pathway, which is considered to induce the increase in motivation for male sexual behaviors. Considering these results, we propose a novel mechanism by which co-existing peptides of the TN-GnRH neurons, NPFF, and GnRH3 coordinately modulate certain neuronal circuit for the control of behavioral motivation. Our results may go a long way toward understanding the functional significance of peptidergic neuromodulation in response to sensory information from the external environments.
Hypothalamic-Pituitary and Other Endocrine Surveillance Among Childhood Cancer Survivors
Authors: van Iersel Laura , Mulder Renee L , Denzer Christian , Cohen Laurie E , Spoudeas Helen A , Meacham Lillian R , Sugden Elaine , Schouten-van Meeteren Antoinette Y N , Hoving Eelco W , Packer Roger J , Armstrong Gregory T , Mostoufi-Moab Sogol , Stades Aline M , van Vuurden Dannis , Janssens Geert O , Thomas-Teinturier Cécile , Murray Robert D , Di Iorgi Natascia , Neggers Sebastian J C M M , Thompson Joel , Toogood Andrew A , Gleeson Helena , Follin Cecilia , Bardi Edit , Torno Lilibeth , Patterson Briana , Morsellino Vera , Sommer Grit , Clement Sarah C , Srivastava Deokumar , Kiserud Cecilie E , Fernandez Alberto , Scheinemann Katrin , Raman Sripriya , Yuen Kevin C J , Wallace W Hamish , Constine Louis S , Skinner Roderick , Hudson Melissa M , Kremer Leontien C M , Chemaitilly Wassim , van Santen Hanneke M 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEndocrine disorders in survivors of childhood, adolescent, and young adult (CAYA) cancers are associated with substantial adverse physical and psychosocial effects. To improve appropriate and timely endocrine screening and referral to a specialist, the International Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Guideline Harmonization Group (IGHG) aims to develop evidence and expert consensus-based guidelines for healthcare providers that harmonize recommendations for surveillance of endocrine disorders in CAYA cancer survivors. Existing IGHG surveillance recommendations for premature ovarian insufficiency, gonadotoxicity in males, fertility preservation, and thyroid cancer are summarized. For hypothalamic-pituitary (HP) dysfunction, new surveillance recommendations were formulated by a guideline panel consisting of 42 interdisciplinary international experts. A systematic literature search was performed in MEDLINE (through PubMed) for clinically relevant questions concerning HP dysfunction. Literature was screened for eligibility. Recommendations were formulated by drawing conclusions from quality assessment of all evidence, considering the potential benefits of early detection and appropriate management. Healthcare providers should be aware that CAYA cancer survivors have an increased risk for endocrine disorders, including HP dysfunction. Regular surveillance with clinical history, anthropomorphic measures, physical examination, and laboratory measurements is recommended in at-risk survivors. When endocrine disorders are suspected, healthcare providers should proceed with timely referrals to specialized services. These international evidence-based recommendations for surveillance of endocrine disorders in CAYA cancer survivors inform healthcare providers and highlight the need for long-term endocrine follow-up care in subgroups of survivors and elucidate opportunities for further research.
First Japanese Family With PDX1-MODY (MODY4): A Novel PDX1 Frameshift Mutation, Clinical Characteristics, and Implications
Authors: Yoshiji Satoshi , Horikawa Yukio , Kubota Sodai , Enya Mayumi , Iwasaki Yorihiro , Keidai Yamato , Aizawa-Abe Megumi , Iwasaki Kanako , Honjo Sachiko , Hosomichi Kazuyoshi , Yabe Daisuke , Hamasaki Akihiro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Context
The PDX1 gene encodes pancreatic and duodenal homeobox, a critical transcription factor for pancreatic β-cell differentiation and maintenance of mature β-cells. Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations cause PDX1-MODY (MODY4).

Case Description
Our patient is an 18-year-old lean man who developed diabetes at 16 years of age. Given his early-onset age and leanness, we performed genetic testing. Targeted next-generation sequencing and subsequent Sanger sequencing detected a novel heterozygous frameshift mutation (NM_00209.4:c.218delT. NP_000200.1: p.Leu73Profs*50) in the PDX1 transactivation domain that resulted in loss-of-function and was validated by an in vitro functional study. The proband and his 56-year-old father, who had the same mutation, both showed markedly reduced insulin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) secretion compared with the dizygotic twin sister, who was negative for the mutation and had normal glucose tolerance. The proband responded well to sitagliptin, suggesting its utility as a treatment option. Notably, the proband and his father showed intriguing phenotypic differences: the proband had been lean for his entire life but developed early-onset diabetes requiring an antihyperglycemic agent. In contrast, his father was overweight, developed diabetes much later in life, and did not require medication, suggesting the oligogenic nature of PDX1-MODY. A review of all reported cases of PDX1-MODY also showed heterogeneous phenotypes regarding onset age, obesity, and treatment, even in the presence of the same mutation.

Conclusions
We identified the first Japanese family with PDX1-MODY. The similarities and differences found among the cases highlight the wide phenotypic spectrum of PDX1-MODY.
Heteroatom Exchange Chemistry in (Z)-1-R-2-(4′,4′-dimethyl)-2′-oxazolin-2′yl)-eth-1-en-1-ols: Access to Chelate-stabilized Thioester Analogues of Dithiooxophosphoranes
Authors: Hill Matthew C , Lough Alan J , Gossage Robert A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The exploration of S- or Se-for-O exchange with (Z)-1-R-2-(4′,4′-dimethyl-2′-oxazolin-2′-yl)-eth-1-en-1-ols (1: R = Ph, Me, CF3, Ph-p-OMe) is described. The use of P4S10, intended to facilitate O↔S exchange, leads to the isolation of rare examples of air-stable thioester analogues of dithiooxophosphoranes. Clean heteroatom exchange can be realized using Lawesson's Reagent in good to moderate yields. Woollins' selenation reagent leads to the isolation of an unusual example of a selenazolidine product (10) in trace amounts.
Physical Fitness and Chemotherapy Tolerance in Patients with Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Groen Wim G. , Naaktgeboren Willeke R. , van Harten Wim H. , van Vulpen Jonna K. , Kool Nathalie , Sonke Gabe S. , van der Wall Elsken , Velthuis Miranda J. , Aaronson Neil K. , May Anne M. , Stuiver Martijn M. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
An optimal relative dose intensity (RDI) of adjuvant chemotherapy is associated with better survival in patients with breast cancer. Little is known about the role of physical fitness in attaining an adequate RDI in patients with early-stage breast cancer. We investigated the association between pretreatment physical fitness and RDI in this population.

Methods
We pooled individual patient data from two randomized exercise trials that studied exercise programs in early breast cancer: the Physical Exercise During Adjuvant Chemotherapy Effectiveness Study (n = 230) and the Physical Activity during Chemotherapy Treatment (n = 204) study. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between pretreatment fitness and achieving an optimal RDI (≥85%). In addition, we added an interaction term to the model to explore the potential moderating effect of participating in an exercise program.

Results
Data were available for 419 patients (mean age at diagnosis, 50.0 ± 8.6 yr). In the total sample, lower pretreatment physical fitness was associated with significantly lower odds of achieving ≥85% RDI: age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 0.66 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.46–0.94). In patients allocated to the supervised exercise intervention during chemotherapy (n = 173), the association between pretreatment physical fitness and RDI was almost completely mitigated (OR, 0.95 (95% CI, 0.54–1.56)), whereas it was more pronounced in patients who received care as usual (n = 172; OR, 0.31 (95% CI, 0.13–0.63); P
interaction = 0.022).

Conclusions
Early-stage breast cancer patients with relatively lower levels of pretreatment physical fitness have lower odds of achieving an optimal dose of chemotherapy. Given that physical fitness is modifiable and our results suggest that following a moderate-to-high intensity exercise training during chemotherapy could improve treatment completion, clinicians should not refrain from referring patients to supportive exercise programs because of low fitness.
Prevalence and spatial distribution characteristics of human echinococcosis in China
Authors: Wang Li-Ying , Qin Min , Liu Ze-Hang , Wu Wei-Ping , Xiao Ning , Zhou Xiao-Nong , Manguin Sylvie , Gavotte Laurent , Frutos Roger 
Published: December 2021

Background
Echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by larval stages of cestodes belonging to the genus Echinococcus. The infection affects people’s health and safety as well as agropastoral sector. In China, human echinococcosis is a major public health burden, especially in western China. Echinococcosis affects people health as well as agricultural and pastoral economy. Therefore, it is important to understand the prevalence status and spatial distribution of human echinococcosis in order to advance our knowledge of basic information for prevention and control measures reinforcement.

Methods
Report data on echinococcosis were collected in 370 counties in China in 2018 and were used to assess prevalence and spatial distribution. SPSS 21.0 was used to obtain the prevalence rate for CE and AE. For statistical analyses and mapping, all data were processed using SPSS 21.0 and ArcGIS 10.4, respectively. Chi-square test and Exact probability method were used to assess spatial autocorrelation and spatial clustering.

Results
A total of 47,278 cases of echinococcosis were recorded in 2018 in 370 endemic counties in China. The prevalence rate of human echinococcosis was 10.57 per 10,000. Analysis of the disease prevalence showed obvious spatial positive autocorrelation in globle spatial autocorrelation with two aggregation modes in local spatial autocorrelation, namely high-high and low-high aggregation areas. The high-high gathering areas were mainly concentrated in northern Tibet, western Qinghai, and Ganzi in the Tibetan Autonomous Region and in Sichuan. The low-high clusters were concentrated in Gamba, Kangma and Yadong counties of Tibet. In addition, spatial scanning analysis revealed two spatial clusters. One type of spatial clusters included 71 counties in Tibet Autonomous Region, 22 counties in Qinghai, 11 counties in Sichuan, three counties in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, two counties in Yunnan, and one county in Gansu. In the second category, six types of spatial clusters were observed in the counties of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and the Qinghai, Gansu, and Sichuan Provinces.

Conclusion
This study showed a serious prevalence of human echinococcosis with obvious spatial aggregation of the disease prevalence in China. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the "hot spot" area of human echinococcosis in China. Findings from this study indicate that there is an urgent need of joint strategies to strengthen efforts for the prevention and control of echinococcosis in China, especially in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
Molecular and epidemiological characterization of recurrent Mycobacterium ulcerans infections in Benin
Authors: Gnimavo Ronald , Besnard Alban , Degnonvi Horace , Pipoli Da Fonseca Juliana , Kempf Marie , Johnson Christian Roch , Boccarossa Alexandra , Brou Yao Télesphore , Marsollier Laurent , Marion Estelle 
Published: December 2021

Background
Buruli ulcer is a neglected tropical disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, an environmental mycobacterium. Although transmission of M. ulcerans remains poorly understood, the main identified risk factor for acquiring Buruli ulcer is living in proximity of potentially contaminated water sources. Knowledge about the clinical features of Buruli ulcer and its physiopathology is increasing, but little is known about recurrence due to reinfection.

Methodology/Principal findings
We describe two patients with Buruli ulcer recurrence due to reinfection with M. ulcerans, as demonstrated by comparisons of DNA from the strains isolated at the time of the first diagnosis and at recurrence. Based on the spatial distribution of M. ulcerans genotypes in this region and a detailed study of the behavior of these two patients with respect to sources of water as well as water bodies and streams, we formulated hypotheses concerning the sites at which they may have been contaminated.

Conclusions/Significance
Second episodes of Buruli ulcer may occur through reinfection, relapse or a paradoxical reaction. We formally demonstrated that the recurrence in these two patients was due to reinfection. Based on the sites at which the patients reported engaging in activities relating to water, we were able to identify possible sites of contamination. Our findings indicate that the non-random distribution of M. ulcerans genotypes in this region may provide useful information about activities at risk.
Genetic diversity of Leptospira isolates in Lao PDR and genome analysis of an outbreak strain
Authors: Grillová Linda , Robinson Matthew T. , Chanthongthip Anisone , Vincent Antony T. , Nieves Cecilia , Oppelt Jan , Mariet Jean-François , Lorioux Céline , Vongsouvath Manivanh , Mayxay Mayfong , Phonemeexay Ooyanong , Rattanavong Sayaphet , Phommasone Koukeo , Douangnouvong Anousone , Šmajs David , Veyrier Frédéric J. , Newton Paul N. , Picardeau Mathieu 
Published: December 2021

Background
Although Southeast Asia is one of the most leptospirosis afflicted regions, little is known about the diversity and molecular epidemiology of the causative agents of this widespread and emerging zoonotic disease.

Methodology/Principal findings
We used whole genome sequencing to examine genetic variation in 75 Leptospira strains isolated from patients in the Lao PDR (Laos) between 2006 and 2017.
Eleven serogroups from 4 Leptospira species and 43 cgMLST-defined clonal groups (CGs) were identified. The most prevalent CG was CG272 (n = 18, 26.8%), composed of L. interrogans serogroup Autumnalis isolates. This genotype was recovered throughout the 12-year period and was associated with deaths, and with a large outbreak in neighbouring Thailand. Genome analysis reveals that the CG272 strains form a highly clonal group of strains that have, for yet unknown reasons, recently spread in Laos and Thailand. Additionally, accessory genes clearly discriminate CG272 strains from the other Leptospira strains.

Conclusions/Significance
The present study reveals a high diversity of Leptospira genotypes in Laos, thus extending our current knowledge of the pan- and core-genomes of these life-threatening pathogens. Our results demonstrate that the CG272 strains belong to a unique clonal group, which probably evolved through clonal expansion following niche adaptation. Additional epidemiological studies are required to better evaluate the spread of this genotype in Southeast Asia. To further investigate the key factors driving the virulence and spread of these pathogens, more intense genomic surveillance is needed, combining detailed clinical and epidemiological data.