bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal consultation and survival of children under five in Togo
Authors: Tossou Yaovi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionChild survival is low in Togo, often linked to socio‐economic and other exogenous factors such as lack of antenatal consultation and Bacille Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) vaccination. These different variables impacting the chances of survival of children underneath five have not been completely examined. The objective of this study is to analyse the socio‐economic variables that influence the survival risk of children beneath five in Togo.MethodsThese different variables influencing the chances of survival of the data used is from the 2017 MICS6 Overview. It speaks to an arrangement of broadly agent tests of families, children matured 0–5 years, women matured 15–49 years and men matured 15–59 years. Information on pre‐birth meetings and the inoculation status of children at (BCG) were collected from this overview. The Cox corresponding risks backslide illustrate is used to evaluate the connection between pre‐birth visits and child survival.ResultsThe risk of survival in children beneath 5 years is high as the age of the mother increases. This risk is 0.48 for the age between 19 and 24 years (AHR = 2.485, 95% CI 1.49–4.13). A child born to a woman with no education is at high risk of child survival (AHR = 2.96, 95% CI 092–9.36). Furthermore, the results show that women with twins have a high risk of 0.44 of the death of these children (AHR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.25–1.67). In addition, (BCG) vaccination has been related with an expanded recurrence in children, where it was found that 70.37% of vaccinated children were born to women who had experienced pre‐birth meetings.ConclusionBasic risk variables for child survival can offer assistance in defining policy suggestions for children's wellbeing. The results recommend they have to empower policies to improve women's proficiency, the presence of a wellbeing insurance framework is suggested to decrease the burden of care, implement a procedure for access to antenatal meetings.
Carbon dioxide, methane, and dissolved carbon dynamics in an urbanized river system
Authors: Gu Chao , Waldron Susan , Bass Adrian Michael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEstimates of greenhouse gas evasion from rivers have been refined over the past decades to constrain their role in global carbon cycle processes. However, despite 55% of the human population living in urban areas, urban rivers have had limited attention. We monitored carbon dynamics in an urbanized river (River Kelvin, 331 km2, UK) to explore the drivers of dissolved carbon lateral and vertical export. Over a 2‐year sampling period, riverine methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations were consistently oversaturated with respect to atmospheric equilibria, leading to continual degassing to the atmosphere. Carbon stable isotopic compositions (δ13C) indicated that terrestrially derived carbon comprised most of the riverine CH4 and dissolved CO2 (CO2*) load while dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from groundwater was the main form of riverine DIC. The dynamics of CH4, CO2*, and DIC in the river were primarily hydrology‐controlled, that is, [CH4] and [CO2*] both increased with elevated discharge, total [DIC] decreased with elevated discharge while the proportion of biologically derived DIC increased with increasing discharge. The concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) showed a weak relationship with river hydrology in summer and autumn and was likely influenced by the combined sewer overflows. Carbon emission to the atmosphere is estimated to be 3.10 ± 0.61 kg C·m−2·yr−1 normalized to water surface area, with more than 99% emitted as CO2. Annual carbon loss to the coastal estuary is approximately 4.69 ± 0.70 Gg C yr−1, with annual DIC export approximately double that of DOC. Per unit area, the River Kelvin was a smaller carbon source to the atmosphere than natural rivers/streams but shows elevated fluxes of DIC and DOC under comparable conditions. This research illustrates the role urban systems may have on riverine carbon dynamics and demonstrates the potential tight link between urbanization and riverine carbon export.
Clinical pharmacist as a member of the multidisciplinary kidney care team in low‐ and middle‐income countries: An opportunity to reduce the incidence of drug‐related problems
Authors: Okoro Roland Nnaemeka 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe multiple comorbidities, complications, and polypharmacy coupled with pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics changes linked to chronic kidney disease (CKD) predispose patients with this disease to a huge number of drug‐related problems (DRPs). Evidence has shown that a clinical pharmacist (CP) is an integral member of the multidisciplinary kidney care team in most high‐income countries (HICs). In the team, CP provides patient‐centered care, including detection, prevention, and resolution of DRPs, and helping patients overcome challenges to improve drug adherence. Pharmaceutical care in CKD has demonstrated positive economic, clinical, and humanistic outcomes including reduced DRPs, all‐cause hospital admission, length of hospital stays, the incidence of end‐stage renal disease, and mortality, improved drug knowledge, adherence, health‐related quality of life among others. The purpose of this article is to highlight the gaps in drug‐related care for patients with CKD in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), demonstrate that clinical pharmacy services have the capacity to reduce these gaps, identify barriers that hinder its implementation in LMICs and offer recommendations capable of mitigating the identified barriers.
Analysis of type I osteoporosis animal models using synchrotron radiation
Authors: Kim Subok , Jang Sanghun , Ahn Jihyeon , Lee Sukjun , Lee Onseok 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPreclinical experiments to analyze the trabecular space of spongy bones using small animals are required for the evaluation and treatment of patients with osteoporosis (OP). We performed ovariectomy to create OP models. A total of four mice were used. Ovariectomized group (OVX, n = 2) in which both ovaries were resected at random, and the sham operated group (SHAM, n = 2) performed surgery without resecting the ovaries. We propose a study that enables OP analysis by analyzing tibia microstructures of OVX and SHAM using synchrotron radiation (SR). SR imaging is a technology capable of irradiating an extremely small object in the order of several tens of nanometers using a nondestructive method at the microscopic level. Unlike previous imaging diagnoses (staining, micro‐CT [Computed Tomography]) it was possible to preserve the real shape and analyze bone microstructures in real‐time and analyze and evaluate spongy bones to secure data and increase the reliability of OP analysis. We were able to confirm the possibility of OP diagnosis through experimental animals for spongy bone damage related to bone mineral density. Therefore, we aimed to provide a rehabilitation and medicine therapy intervention method through basic research on the evaluation of OP diagnosis through human‐based segmentation of challenging spongy bones while supplementing the limitations of existing imaging methods.Research HighlightsWe present an analysis of osteoporosis through spongy bone using phase‐contrast X‐ray source. Unlike existing methods, it is possible to analyze the internal microstructure of the tibia with this method. This is an objective mechanism for OP and a basis for rehabilitation.
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle biopsy histology with a 22‐gauge Franseen needle and fine‐needle aspiration liquid‐based cytology with a conventional 25‐gauge needle provide comparable diagnostic accuracy in solid pancreatic lesions
Authors: Tomita Yoichi , Torisu Yuichi , Chiba Masafumi , Kinoshita Yuji , Akasu Takafumi , Shimamoto Nana , Abe Takahiro , Kanazawa Keisuke , Takakura Kazuki , Tsukinaga Shintaro , Nakano Masanori , Toyoizumi Hirobumi , Kato Masayuki , Saruta Masayuki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and AimFine‐needle biopsy (FNB) needles obtain more core samples and support the shift from cytologic to histologic evaluation; however, recent studies have proposed a superior diagnostic potential for liquid‐based cytology (LBC). This study compared the diagnostic ability of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided FNB histology with a 22‐gauge Franseen needle (22G‐FNB‐H) and fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) LBC with a conventional 25‐gauge needle (25G‐FNA‐LBC).MethodsWe analyzed 46 patients who underwent both 22G‐FNB‐H and 25G‐FNA‐LBC in the same lesion during the same endoscopic procedure. This study evaluated the diagnostic ability of each needle, diagnostic concordance between needles, and incremental diagnostic effect of both needles compared to using each needle alone.ResultsThe agreement rate for malignancy between both techniques was 93.5% (kappa value = 0.82). There was no significant difference in the diagnostic ability of both methods. 22G‐FNB‐H and 25G‐FNA‐LBC provided an incremental diagnostic accuracy in two (4.3%) cases and one (2.2%) case, respectively.ConclusionOur study demonstrated that the diagnostic accuracy of 25G‐FNA‐LBC and 22G‐FNA‐H for solid pancreatic lesions were comparable. A conventional 25‐gauge needle that punctures lesions with ease can be used in difficult cases and according to the skill of the endoscopist.
Benzimidazole based derivatives as anticancer agents: Structure activity relationship analysis for various targets
Authors: Satija Garvit , Sharma Barkha , Madan Anish , Iqubal Ashif , Shaquiquzzaman Mohammad , Akhter Mymoona , Parvez Suhel , Khan Mohammad Ahmed , Alam Mohammad Mumtaz 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBenzimidazole, the benzo derivative of imidazole, is a class of bicyclic aromatic organic compound consisting of six‐membered benzene ring fused to five‐membered imidazole at 4‐ and 5‐positions of the imidazole ring. It is a vital pharmacophore of many biologically active heterocyclic compounds with a variety of pharmacological activities. Over the time, benzimidazole and its derivatives have evolved as vibrant heterocyclic systems due to their potency in a wide range of bioactive compounds like analgesics, antifungals, anti‐inflammatory, antihypertensives, proton pump inhibitors, anti‐HIV, antiviral, and so on. Multi‐drug resistance in cancer that led to the failure of many chemotherapeutic drugs is a major concern. Various approaches are being developed to overcome this problem. One of them is target based drug discovery, which is an effective method to develop a novel anticancer drug. To develop newer drugs, previously reported work needs to be studied. Keeping this in mind, last 5 years literature on benzimidazole used as anticancer agents has been reviewed and summarized in the paper herein. This review article along with the target of cancer also deal with structure activity relationship of various compounds having benzimidazole ring.
Evaluating Tumor‐Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Breast Cancer Using Preoperative MRI‐Based Radiomics
Authors: Bian Tiantian , Wu Zengjie , Lin Qing , Mao Yan , Wang Haibo , Chen Jingjing , Chen Qianqian , Fu Guangming , Cui Chunxiao , Su Xiaohui 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundEvaluating tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in patients with breast cancer using radiomics has been rarely explored.PurposeTo establish a radiomics nomogram based on dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for preoperatively evaluating TIL level.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationA total of 154 patients with breast cancer were divided into a training cohort (N = 87) and a test cohort (N = 67), who were further divided into low TIL (<50%) and high TIL (≥50%) subgroups according to the histopathological results.Field Strength/Sequence3.0 T; axial T2‐weighted imaging (fast spin echo), diffusion‐weighted imaging (spin echo‐echo planar imaging), and the volume imaging for breast assessment DCE sequence (gradient recalled echo).AssessmentA radiomics signature was developed from the training dataset and independent risk factors were selected by multivariate logistic regression to build a clinical model. A nomogram model was built by combining radiomics score and risk factors. The performance of the nomogram was assessed using calibration curves and decision curves. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated.Statistical TestsThe least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, t‐tests and chi‐squared tests or Fisher's exact test, Hosmer–Lemeshow test, ROC analysis, and decision curve analysis were conducted. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe radiomics signature and nomogram model exhibited better calibration and validation performance in the training (radiomics: area under the curve [AUC] 0.86; nomogram: AUC 0.88) and test (radiomics: AUC 0.83; nomogram: AUC 0.84) datasets compared with clinical model (training: AUC 0.76; test: AUC 0.72). The decision curve demonstrated that the nomogram model exhibited better performance than the clinical model, with a threshold probability between 0.15 and 0.9.Data ConclusionThe nomogram model based on preoperative MRI exhibited an excellent ability for the noninvasive evaluation of TILs in breast cancer.Level of Evidence4Technical Efficacy Stage2
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the chikungunya outbreak in Ruili City, Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Liu Li‐Bo , Li Man , Gao Na , Shen Jia‐Yuan , Sheng Zi‐Yang , Fan Dong‐Ying , Zhou Hong‐Ning , Yin Xiao‐Xiong , Mao Jia‐Rong , Jiang Jin‐Yong , Wang Pei‐Gang , An Jing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractChikungunya fever is an acute infectious disease caused by the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) that is characterized by fever, rash, and joint pain. CHIKV has infected millions of people in Africa, Asia, America, and Europe since it re‐emerged in the Indian Ocean region in 2004. Here, we report an outbreak of Chikungunya fever that occurred in Ruili of Yunnan Province, a city located on the border between China and Myanmar, in September 2019. The outbreak lasted for three months from September to December. Overall, 112 cases were confirmed by a real‐time reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction in the Ruili People's Hospital, and they showed apparent temporal, spatial, and population aggregation. Among them, 91 were local cases distributed in 19 communities of Ruili City, and 21 were imported cases. The number of female patients was higher than that of male patients, and most patients were between 20 and 60 years old. The main clinical manifestations included joint pain (91.96%), fever (86.61%), fatigue (58.04%), chills (57.14%), rash (48.21%), headache (39.29%), and so forth. Biochemical indexes revealed increased C‐reactive protein (63.39%), lymphopenia (57.17%), increased hemoglobin (33.04%), neutrophilia (28.57%), and thrombocytopenia (16.07%). Phylogenetic analysis of the complete sequences indicated that the CHIKV strains in this outbreak belonged to the Indian Ocean clade of the East/Central/South African genotype. We speculated that this chikungunya outbreak might be caused by CHIKV‐infected persons returning from Myanmar, and provided a reference for the formulation of effective treatment and prevention measures.
Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of tick‐borne encephalitis virus in ticks in northeastern China
Authors: Li Xiaohui , Ji Hongwei , Wang Di , Che Lihe , Zhang Li , Li Liang , Yin Qing , Liu Quan , Wei Feng , Wang Zedong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTick‐borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is an important causative agent that causes neurological infections in humans and animals. In recent years, only few epidemiological surveys on TBEV have been conducted in China. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and subtype of TBEV in ticks in northeastern (NE) China. A total of 3799 questing ticks were collected in NE China between April 2015 and June 2016. Ticks were pooled and tested for TBEV RNA using semi‐nested reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. Positive pools were used to isolate the virus and amplify complete sequences, followed by sequence identity and phylogenetic analysis. TBEV RNA was detected in Ixodes persulcatus ticks at a total prevalence of 2.9% (6/143; 95% confidence interval: 1.2%–5.9%). Three TBEV strains were isolated (JL‐T75, HLB‐T74, and DXAL‐T83) and showed 93.9%–99.1% nucleotide identities and 97.1%–99.5% amino acid identities in Far Eastern (FE) TBEV subtypes, and 82.9%–87.6% nucleotide identities and 92.9%–96.4% amino acid identities in other subtypes. For polyprotein, the JL‐T75, HLB‐T74, and DXAL‐T83 strains showed 29, 50, and 55 amino acid residues, respectively, different from those in the TBEV vaccine (Senzhang) strain in China. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these viruses were clustered in the FE‐TBEV branch but formed distinct clades depending on the natural foci. The results of this study suggest that the FE‐TBEV subtype is still endemic in I. persulcatus ticks in NE China, and the viruses in different natural foci in NE China are more likely to have genetic differences.
The comparative safety of human papillomavirus vaccines: A Bayesian network meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang Rongdong , Gan Ruihuan , Zhang Dongjuan , Xiao Jianxiong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsThe safety of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines, one of the major challenges to public vaccination, has been controversial. This study assessed the adverse reactions of various HPV vaccines, including bivalent HPV (2vHPV), quadrivalent HPV (4vHPV), and 9‐valent HPV (9vHPV) vaccines.MethodsPubMed, Embase, and Central databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the comparative safety of HPV vaccines. A network meta‐analysis was performed based on the Bayesian framework random‐effects model.ResultsThis study included 23 RCTs. Analysis across these reports indicated that the 2vHPV vaccine was associated with significantly more systemic adverse events than the 4vHPV vaccine (risk ratio [RR]: 1.28, 95% credible interval [CrI]: 1.14–1.44), 9vHPV vaccine (RR: 1.25, 95% CrI: 1.06–1.49), and placebo (RR: 1.31, 95% CrI: 1.18–1.46). However, there were no statistically significant differences in serious adverse events between the vaccinated and placebo groups. For injection‐site adverse events, there were substantial inconsistencies between the direct and indirect effects; therefore, the analysis results of the safety were presented only for systemic and serious adverse events.ConclusionsThe 2vHPV vaccine resulted in more systemic adverse events than other vaccines and placebo. No significant differences in serious adverse events were observed. Further studies are needed to obtain more information regarding the safety of HPV vaccines.
QT interval and repolarization dispersion changes during the administration of hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine with/without azithromycin in early COVID 19 pandemic: A prospective observational study from two academic hospitals in Indonesia
Authors: Gumilang Rizki A. , Siswanto  , Anggraeni Vita Y. , Trisnawati Ika , Budiono Eko , Hartopo Anggoro B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundHydroxychloroquine/chloroquine (HCQ/CQ) treatment for COVID‐19 was associated with QT interval prolongation and arrhythmia risks. This study aimed to investigate QTc interval and ventricular repolarization dispersion changes, as markers of arrhythmia risks, after HCQ/CQ administration with/without azithromycin (AZT) during COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsA prospective observational study was performed in two academic hospitals in Indonesia. Adult patients who received HCQ/CQ alone and HCQ/CQ + AZT concomitant treatments for COVID‐19 infection were enrolled. Baseline and post HCQ/CQ treatment electrocardiograms were obtained. Baseline and post HCQ/CQ treatment QT interval by Bazett (B‐QTc) and Fridericia (F‐QTc) formulas and ventricular repolarization dispersion indices by Tpeak‐Tend (Tp‐e) interval and Tpeak‐Tend/QT (Tp‐e/QT) ratio were calculated and analyzed.ResultsThe study enrolled 55 (HCQ/CQ alone) and 77 subjects (HCQ/CQ + AZT concomitant). F‐QTc interval significantly lengthened in subjects with HCQ/CQ + AZT (mean difference 11.89 ms [P = .028]). The incidences of severe B‐QTc and F‐QTc lengthening were 13.1% and 12.3%, B‐QTc and F‐QTc prolongation were 25.4% and 12.3%, and severe B‐QTc and F‐QTc prolongation were 6.2% and 3.2%. Tp‐e interval lengthened significantly from baseline to posttreatment in HCQ/CQ alone and HCQ/CQ + AZT (mean difference 10.83 ms [P = .006] and 18.73 ms [P < .001], respectively). Tp‐e/QT ratio increased significantly from baseline to posttreatment in HCQ/CQ + AZT concomitant (mean difference 0.035 [P < .001]). No fatal arrhytmia occurred.ConclusionsDuring COVID‐19 pandemic, HCQ/CQ + AZT concomitant treatment caused significant F‐QTc lengthening, significantly increased Tp‐e interval and increased Tp‐e/QT ratio. HCQ/CQ alone only caused significant increase of Tp‐e interval. Incidences of severe QTc lengthening and prolongation were low in both HCQ/CQ alone and HCQ/CQ + AZT concomitant.
Preventing atrial fibrillation by combined right isthmus ablation and cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation in patients with typical atrial flutter: PAF‐CRIOBLAF study
Authors: Anselme Frédéric , Savouré Arnaud , Clémenty Nicolas , Cesari Olivier , Pavin Dominique , Jesel Laurence , Defaye Pascal , Boveda Serge , Rivat Philippe , Mansourati Jacques , Mechulan Alexis , Cebron Jean‐Pierre , Lande Gilles , Bubenheim ScD Michael , Milhem Antoine 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough less common, typical atrial flutter shares similar pathophysiological roots with atrial fibrillation. Following successful cavo‐tricuspid isthmus ablation using radiofrequency, many patients, however, develop atrial fibrillation in the mid‐to‐long‐term. This study sought to assess whether pulmonary vein isolation conducted at the same time as cavo‐tricuspid isthmus ablation would significantly modify the atrial fibrillation burden upon follow‐up in patients suffering from typical atrial flutter.MethodsThis was a multicenter randomized controlled study involving typical atrial flutter patients with history of non‐predominant atrial fibrillation (1 atrial fibrillation episode only, in 67% of population) who were scheduled for cavo‐tricuspid isthmus radiofrequency ablation. Patients were randomly assigned to either undergo cavo‐tricuspid isthmus ablation alone or cavo‐tricuspid isthmus plus pulmonary vein isolation (CTI+). Pulmonary vein isolation was performed using cryoballoon technology. An outpatient consultation with ECG and 1‐week Holter monitoring was performed at 3, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years postprocedure. The primary endpoint was atrial fibrillation recurrences lasting more than 30 s at 2 years postablation.ResultsOf the patients enrolled, 36 were included in each group. At 2‐year follow‐up, the atrial fibrillation recurrence rate was significantly higher in the CTI vs CTI+group (25/36, 69% vs. 12/36, 33% respectively; P < .001), with similar typical atrial flutter recurrence rates. There were no differences in undesirable events, except for transient phrenic nerve palsy reported from three CTI+patients (8.3%).ConclusionPulmonary vein isolation using cryoballoon technology was proven to significantly reduce the atrial fibrillation incidence at 2 years postcavo‐tricuspid isthmus ablation.