bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of patients with COVID‐19 after inpatient rehabilitation
Authors: Groah Suzanne L. , Pham Cynthia T. , Rounds Amanda K. , Semel Jennifer J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundRehabilitation outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) are unknown.ObjectiveTo describe patients with COVID‐19 who are undergoing inpatient rehabilitation and their rehabilitation outcomes.DesignRetrospective observational cohort study of all inpatients from a rehabilitation hospital between March 1 and September 30, 2020.SettingInpatient rehabilitation hospital.PatientsAmong all inpatients, inclusion criteria are: ≥18 years of age and admission and discharge within the study time frame. The initial search yielded 920 patients; 896 met the inclusion criteria. Subjects were stratified by COVID‐19 status and rehabilitation impairment.Main Outcome MeasuresData included age, gender, body mass index (BMI), length of stay (LOS), discharge location, and functional ability in self‐care and mobility (FA‐SC, FA‐Mob). One‐sample t‐tests were used to assess the difference of age, BMI, LOS, FA‐SC, FA‐Mob, and FA efficiency between COVID‐19+ and COVID‐19− patients.ResultsCOVID‐19+ patients were younger (59.4 years vs 62.9 years; t[894] = −2.05, p = .04) with a higher mean BMI (32 vs 28; t[894] = 3.51, p < .01) than COVID‐19− patients. COVID‐19+ patients had equivalent or superior improvements in FA‐SC and FA‐Mob, functional change efficiency, and LOS relative to COVID‐19− patients. When medically complex patients were compared, those with COVID‐19 had greater FA‐SC and FA‐Mob efficiencies than COVID‐19− patients. COVID‐19+ patients had similar rates of return to the community.ConclusionsPatients with COVID‐19 who meet the admission criteria for inpatient rehabilitation can benefit from inpatient rehabilitation similarly to their non‐COVID‐19 counterparts with similar rehabilitation‐specific diagnoses.
Narcolepsy in Children: Sleep disorders in children, A rapidly evolving field seeking consensus
Authors: Dye Thomas J. , Simakajornboon Narong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNarcolepsy is a life‐long sleep disorder with two distinct subtypes, narcolepsy type I and narcolepsy type II. It is now well recognized that the loss of hypocretin neurons underlies the pathogenesis of narcolepsy type I, however, the pathogenesis of narcolepsy type II is currently unknown. Both genetic and environmental factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of narcolepsy. There is increasing evidence that autoimmune processes may play a critical role in the loss of hypocretin neurons. Infections especially streptococcus and influenza have been proposed as a potential trigger for the autoimmune‐mediated mechanism. Several recent studies have shown increased cases of pediatric narcolepsy following the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. The increased cases in Europe seem to be related to a specific type of H1N1 influenza vaccination (Pandemrix), while the increased cases in China are related to influenza infection. Children with narcolepsy can have an unusual presentation at disease onset including complex motor movements which may lead to delayed diagnosis. All classic narcolepsy tetrads are present in only a small proportion of children. The diagnosis of narcolepsy is confirmed by either obtaining cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin or overnight sleep study with the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT). There are limitations of using MSLT in young children such that a negative MSLT test cannot exclude narcolepsy. HLA markers have limited utility in narcolepsy, but it may be useful in young children with clinical suspicion of narcolepsy. For management, both pharmacologic and non‐pharmacologic treatments are important in the management of narcolepsy. Pharmacotherapy is primarily aimed to address excessive daytime sleepiness and REM‐related symptoms such as cataplexy. In addition to pharmacotherapy, routine screening of behavioral and psychosocial issues is warranted to identify patients who would benefit from bio‐behavior intervention.
Elucidation of ligand binding and dimerization of NADPH:protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) oxidoreductase from pea (Pisum sativum L.) by structural analysis and simulations
Authors: Sameer Hassan , Victor Guallar , Katalin Solymosi , Henrik Aronsson 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNADPH:protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) oxidoreductase (POR) is a key enzyme of chlorophyll biosynthesis in angiosperms. It is one of few known photoenzymes, which catalyzes the light‐activated trans‐reduction of the C17‐C18 double bond of Pchlide's porphyrin ring. Due to the light requirement, dark‐grown angiosperms cannot synthesize chlorophyll. No crystal structure of POR is available, so to improve understanding of the protein's three‐dimensional structure, its dimerization, and binding of ligands (both the cofactor NADPH and substrate Pchlide), we computationally investigated the sequence and structural relationships among homologous proteins identified through database searches. The results indicate that α4 and α7 helices of monomers form the interface of POR dimers. On the basis of conserved residues, we predicted 11 functionally important amino acids that play important roles in POR binding to NADPH. Structural comparison of available crystal structures revealed that they participate in formation of binding pockets that accommodate the Pchlide ligand, and that five atoms of the closed tetrapyrrole are involved in non‐bonding interactions. However, we detected no clear pattern in the physico‐chemical characteristics of the amino acids they interact with. Thus, we hypothesize that interactions of these atoms in the Pchlide porphyrin ring are important to hold the ligand within the POR binding site. Analysis of Pchlide binding in POR by molecular docking and PELE simulations revealed that the orientation of the nicotinamide group is important for Pchlide binding. These findings highlight the complexity of interactions of porphyrin‐containing ligands with proteins, and we suggest that fit‐inducing processes play important roles in POR‐Pchlide interactions.
Simple methods to test the accuracy of MRgFUS robotic systems
Authors: Antoniou Anastasia , Drakos Theocharis , Giannakou Marinos , Evripidou Nikolas , Georgiou Leonidas , Christodoulou Theodora , Panayiotou Natalie , Ioannides Cleanthis , Zamboglou Nikolaos , Damianou Christakis 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundRobotic‐assisted diagnostic and therapeutic modalities require a highly accurate performance to be certified for clinical application. In this paper, three simple methods for assessing the accuracy of motion of magnetic resonance‐guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) robotic systems are presented.MethodsThe accuracy of motion of a 4 degrees of freedom robotic system intended for preclinical use of MRgFUS was evaluated by calliper‐based and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods, as well as visually by performing multiple ablations on a plastic film.ResultsThe benchtop results confirmed a highly accurate motion in all axes of operation. The spatial positioning errors estimated by MRI evaluation were defined by the size of the imaging pixels. Lesions arrangement in discrete and overlapping patterns confirmed satisfactory alignment of motion trajectories.ConclusionsWe believe the methods presented here should serve as a standard for evaluating the accuracy of motion of MRgFUS robotic systems.
Robust static output feedback based iterative learning control design with a finite‐frequency‐range two‐dimensional specification for batch processes subject to nonrepetitive disturbances
Authors: Hao Shoulin , Liu Tao , Paszke Wojciech , Gałkowski Krzysztof , Wang Qing‐Guo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFor industrial batch processes subject to time‐varying uncertainties and nonrepetitive disturbances, this article proposes a robust static output feedback (SOF) based iterative learning control (ILC) design with a finite‐frequency‐range two‐dimensional (2D) performance specification. An important advantage of the proposed design lies in its simple structure and easy implementation, with no need to store the state information of the learning controller as used in the existing 2D dynamic output feedback based ILC methods. Based on a 2D Roesser system setting, sufficient conditions are established in terms of nonlinear matrix inequalities to guarantee robust stability of the resulting closed‐loop ILC systems along both the time and batch directions, by using the matrix dilatation technique. Moreover, a finite‐frequency‐range 2D performance specification for attenuating nonrepetitive disturbances is introduced for control synthesis. To derive the feasible SOF based ILC controller gains, a two‐stage heuristic approach is developed for iterative computation based on predesigning the corresponding state feedback based ILC gains. An illustrative example is used to demonstrate the effectiveness and merits of the proposed method.
Does financial inclusion limit carbon dioxide emissions? Analyzing the role of globalization and renewable electricity output
Authors: Qin Lingui , Raheem Syed , Murshed Muntasir , Miao Xu , Khan Zeeshan , Kirikkaleli Dervis 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOn the role of financial inclusion in terms of promoting a sustainable environment, very limited number of studies are available in the existing literature. These studies do not directly address or link financial inclusion with carbon dioxide emissions. Therefore, this study aims to specifically investigate the effects of financial inclusion on carbon dioxide emissions along with the role of globalization and renewable electricity generation for the case of the emerging seven economies over the 2004–2016 period. This study uses panel quantile regression analysis for estimations, which takes into account the non‐normality issue of the data. The long‐run relationships among carbon dioxide emissions, financial inclusion, renewable electricity generation, globalization, and economic growth are confirmed by Kao and Johansen panel cointegration tests. Besides, the results from quantile regression analysis confirmed that financial inclusion is linked with carbon dioxide emission reductions at the 25th and 50th quantiles; however, it cannot explain the variations in the carbon dioxide emission levels at the 75th and 95th quantiles. Moreover, globalization and renewable energy electricity are found to curb carbon dioxide emissions at all quantiles. Further, the results confirmed the EKC hypothesis for E7 countries at all the quantiles. In line with these findings, this study recommends enhancing financial inclusivity, promoting globalization, elevating renewable electricity generation capacities, and ensuring greener economic growth to lower down the carbon dioxide emission levels across the E7 countries.
Preparation of a New Copper/Mercury‐Based Amalgam Electrode with Minimal Mercury Content and Its Application for the Determination of Azathioprine in Biological Fluids
Authors: Alizadeh Taher , Shojaeianfar Moslem , Reza Ganjali Mohammad 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHerein, a new copper/mercury‐based amalgam electrode with 45 wt % copper was introduced. An amalgam electrode with the lowest mercury content among all amalgam electrodes, reported so far,was introduced. The method of making and activating the electrode was investigated and the working conditions were established. The as‐prepared electrode was employed to determine azathioprine(Aza) using differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry (DPASV) method. The required factors were considered for the electrode voltammetric response to evaluate and optimize Aza level. The proper response of this electrode was obtained in Brinton‐Robinson buffer(BRB) (pH 2) at −0.15 V for 200 seconds. The electrode response to the target compound was linear in the concentration range from 0.04 to 1.0 μM. The detection limit was found to be about 1.6×10−8 M. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for 5 determinations was obtained to be about 3.5 % (the average of RSDs calculated for all concentrations, represented in the calibration curve). The method was successfully applied for Aza determination in plasma and urine samples which led to satisfactory results. It can be concluded that the presence of high levels of potential interfering agents such as ascorbic acid and cysteine did not affect the Aza determination.
Research on Ethanol Sensing Characteristics of Pd/Neck‐Connected‐ZnO Based Chemiresistive Sensors
Authors: Qi Tianjiao , Sun Jie , Yang Xi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDifferent amounts of Pd‐doped neck‐connected‐ZnO (NC‐ZnO) gas sensing materials were successfully synthesized by one‐step hydrothermal method. As a gas sensing material, the sensing performance of Pd‐doped NC‐ZnO has been systematically studied. The results show that palladium doping can improve the performance of NC‐ZnO sensors. NC‐ZnO doped with 5 wt % Pd showed the highest response to ethanol at 250 °C with a response of 311 to 50 ppm ethanol. After palladium doping, due to the catalytic effect of Pd, the ratio of oxygen vacancies on the surface of the material to chemisorption oxygen increases, and the reaction between ethanol molecules and oxygen ions is promoted, thereby greatly improving the gas sensitivity of undoped NC‐ZnO. Therefore, palladium‐doped NC‐ZnO should be a promising method for designing and manufacturing high performance gas sensors.
Magnetic‐Nanoparticle‐Based Dispersive Micro‐Solid Phase Extraction for the Determination of Crystal Violet in Environmental Water Samples
Authors: Shojaei Siroos , Rahmani Mashaallah , Khajeh Mostafa , Abbasian Ahmad Reza 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn present study, a rapid and simple method based on ultrasonic‐assisted magnetic dispersive micro‐solid phase extraction (MD‐μ‐SPE) using magnetic ZnFe2O4‐ZnS nanocomposites has been proposed for the determination of crystal violet (CV) in environmental water samples. To increase the extraction efficiency, the affecting factors on the ultrasonic‐assisted magnetic dispersive micro‐solid phase extraction method were investigated and optimized by Taguchi method, artificial neural network (ANN), and response surface methodology (RSM). For proposed method, the crystal violet was selected as target dye. Under optimal conditions, the limits of detection were obtained 25 ng mL−1 and the calibration curve showed linearity in the range of 100–600 ng mL−1. The good extraction efficiency obtained indicates that the proposed MD‐μ‐SPE possesses a good potential for the determination of CV in environmental water samples.
Study on the Performance of Copper‐Manganese Composite Oxide Catalysts for Toluene
Authors: Yang Xiaobo , Zhang Zhihong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCopper‐manganese (CuMn) composite oxide catalysts were prepared for the catalytic combustion of a common volatile organic compound, namely toluene. The structural properties of the catalysts were analysed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) theory, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and hydrogen temperature‐programmed reduction (H2‐TPR). The catalytic stability was examined after 100 h. It was found that Cu1Mn1 exhibited the highest catalytic ability when the molar ratio of Cu : Mn was 1 : 1. The removal of toluene reached 90 % at a temperature below 229 °C. It was speculated that the Cu1.5Mn1.5O4 spinel structure and CuO were formed in the catalyst. The catalyst surface area was not the main factor affecting the catalytic activity. The catalysts displayed good stability and maintained high catalytic activity for a long time. Notably, fresh catalysts contained high amounts of high‐valent Mn4+ and Cu2+ cations, which played important roles in the catalytic combustion of toluene. The cations initiated the redox process and led to the conversion of toluene to CO2 and H2O. The reduced lattice oxygen supplied from air was transformed into surface oxygen on the catalyst. The catalytic combustion of toluene in the presence of CuMn composite oxide catalysts followed the Mars‐van Krevelen mechanism.
Hybridization of Imidazole with Various Heterocycles in Targeting Cancer: A Decade's Work
Authors: Teli Ghanshyam , Chawla Pooja A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCancer is the world‘s biggest global health concern. The prevalence and mortality rates of cancer remain high despite significant progress in cancer therapy. The search for more effective, as well as less toxic treatment methods for cancer, is at the focus of current studies. Approximately 24.6 million people are suffering from cancer across the world as per the world health organization (WHO). In the year 2020, approximately 10 million deaths were reported due to cancer which has emerged as the second leading cause of mortality across the globe. Anticancer medicines have played a pivotal role in the medication of different types of cancers; however, they are associated with several side effects and relevance of drug resistance which evoke an immediate need for designing of new anticancer agents with multitargeted effect. Imidazole is a heterocyclic compound privileged with considerable anticancer activities and some imidazole derivatives have already got approval to treat cancer. Many hybrid molecules are available that play an important role in the treatment of cancer like chalcone, pyrazole, purine, triazine etc., and their pharmacophore provide the anticancer drug with low drug resistance and high efficacy, with low chances of toxicity and side effects. This review provides various approaches for the drug development of new safe and efficient antitumor agents imidazole hybrids with other heterocyclic moieties. An attempt has been made to advancement of the anticancer potential of the derivatives and hybrids of imidazole having intact or condensed imidazole moiety in the last decade along with the structure‐activity relationship studies, and mechanism of action.
Facile Preparation of CeO2 Supported on Graphene Oxide Sheets for NH3‐SCR: Improvement of Catalytic Activity and SO2 Tolerance
Authors: Zhou Zhiyuan , Wang Yongzhao , Yuan Qunfu , Guo Yanle , Guo Wenyao , Xin Zhiling , Zhang Bingsen , Guo Ruitang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a series of highly dispersed CeO2 catalysts on graphene oxide sheets (GO) were prepared by simple impregnation method. The catalysts were applied for selective catalytic reduction(SCR) of NO with NH3. Compared with the 5 wt %CeO2/GO and 15 wt %CeO2/GO catalysts, 10 wt %CeO2/GO catalyst exhibited better catalytic performance in the temperature range of 175–325 °C and higher SO2 resistance at 275 °C. The as‐prepared catalysts were characterized by TEM, AFM, XPS, XRD, BET, H2‐TPR, NH3‐TPD and FT‐IR, respectively. The characterization results indicated that 10 wt %CeO2/GO catalyst possessed larger specific surface area, enriched surface acidic sites, high redox capacity and oxygen vacancies. In addition, Ce3+ on the surface of CeO2/GO catalyst could reduce the oxidation property of SO2, thus improving the SO2 resistance of the catalyst. Meanwhile, the stability of 10 wt %CeO2/GO catalyst was tested. At 275 °C, the NO conversion maintained at 94 % within 30 hours, suggesting the excellent stability.
Combat and blast exposure blunt sympathetic response to acute exercise stress in specialised military men
Authors: Taylor Marcus K. , Barczak‐Scarboro Nikki E. , Laver D. Christine , Hernández Lisa M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractElectrodermal activity (EDA)—a measure of electrical skin conductance reflecting (exclusive) sympathetic control of the eccrine sweat gland—holds promise as an indicator of central sympathetic activation. The aim of this study was to determine whether combat and blast exposure modulate the EDA response to acute exercise stress in specialised military men. Fifty‐one men (age M = 36.1, SD = 6.5) participated in this study as part of the Explosive Ordnance Disposal Operational Health Surveillance System. The EDA complex (i.e., tonic + phasic conductance) was continuously measured throughout a maximal effort, graded exercise test. As expected, exercise stress resulted in measurable, stepwise increases in EDA before tapering at higher exercise intensities. Individuals with more substantial combat exposure and those with blast exposure demonstrated blunted EDA patterns in comparison to their low/nonexposed counterparts. This blunted pattern might imply sub‐optimal sympathetic nervous system function in the exposed cohorts and enhances our knowledge of factors influencing resilience in these men.
The effects of work and nonwork boundary fit on role satisfaction and subjective well‐being
Authors: Michel Jesse S. , Rotch Michael A. , O’Neill Sadie K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEmployees manage work and nonwork boundaries, or socially constructed lines of demarcation, in different ways due to their preferences and ability to do so. When an individual’s integration‐segmentation boundary enactment matches their boundary preference, they possess greater boundary fit. We examined the impact of work and nonwork boundary fit on subjective well‐being, mediated by work and nonwork satisfaction. Results from a three‐wave study confirmed positive direct effects for work/nonwork boundary fit on role satisfaction and role satisfaction on subjective well‐being. We also found significant mediation effects for role satisfaction between work/nonwork boundary fit and subjective well‐being. Overall, work boundary fit had stronger direct and indirect effects than nonwork boundary fit. This research helps clarify theoretical distinctions among work‐nonwork fit constructs and extends the boundary fit literature through an atomistic fit perspective. Future research could consider examining boundary fit through cross‐lagged panel designs and response surface modelling, as well as extending our model to examine nuanced aspects of boundary fit (e.g., physical, temporal, cognitive) and its relationship with additional outcomes (e.g., performance, burnout) and contextual factors (e.g., part‐time vs. full‐time employment, frontline vs. office‐based employment).
Be careful what you wish for: CEO and analyst firm performance attributions and CEO dismissal
Authors: Park Sun Hyun , Chung Sung Hun (Brian) , Rajagopalan Nandini 
Published: May 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryChief executive officers (CEOs) often make internal attributions of positive firm performance outcomes by highlighting their strategic choices as the cause of favorable performance results. We investigate the dynamic consequences of CEO internal performance attributions along a CEO's tenure. CEO internal attributions create an expectation that favorable firm performance will continue under the CEO's leadership. When firm performance turns negative, however, financial analysts also make internal attributions, pointing to the strategies highlighted by the CEO as the cause of performance downfall. Analysts' internal attributions provide a board with a legitimate account casting doubt on the CEO's leadership efficacy, increasing the likelihood of dismissal. We find strong empirical support for our hypotheses in a panel dataset that tracks CEO and analyst interviews in news media around quarterly earnings announcements.Managerial SummaryWhile prior studies of chief executive officers (CEOs) dismissal have considered different factors leading to CEO dismissal, our study highlights the role played by the CEO's own public performance attributions. Our results show that when CEOs attribute positive performance outcome to their leadership, financial analysts are also more likely to attribute subsequent negative performance outcomes to their leadership, which in turn ultimately leads to CEO dismissal. Given the difficulty of predicting firm performance over an extended period of time, CEOs should be aware that when they take credit for positive performance outcomes they may be setting themselves up for subsequent blame from external constituents seeking explanations for negative performance outcomes. Thus, our results suggest that CEOs may stand to gain from more self‐effacing behaviors.