bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Keep Me in the Loop: Real-Time Feedback with Multimodal Data
Authors: Di Mitri Daniele , Schneider Jan , Drachsler Hendrik 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper describes the CPR Tutor, a real-time multimodal feedback system for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training. The CPR Tutor detects training mistakes using recurrent neural networks. The CPR Tutor automatically recognises and assesses the quality of the chest compressions according to five CPR performance indicators. It detects training mistakes in real-time by analysing a multimodal data stream consisting of kinematic and electromyographic data. Based on this assessment, the CPR Tutor provides audio feedback to correct the most critical mistakes and improve the CPR performance. The mistake detection models of the CPR Tutor were trained using a dataset from 10 experts. Hence, we tested the validity of the CPR Tutor and the impact of its feedback functionality in a user study involving additional 10 participants. The CPR Tutor pushes forward the current state of the art of real-time multimodal tutors by providing: (1) an architecture design, (2) a methodological approach for delivering real-time feedback using multimodal data and (3) a field study on real-time feedback for CPR training. This paper details the results of a field study by quantitatively measuring the impact of the CPR Tutor feedback on the performance indicators and qualitatively analysing the participants’ questionnaire answers.
Assignment flows for data labeling on graphs: convergence and stability
Authors: Zern Artjom , Zeilmann Alexander , Schnörr Christoph 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe assignment flow recently introduced in the J. Math. Imaging and Vision 58/2 (2017) constitutes a high-dimensional dynamical system that evolves on a statistical product manifold and performs contextual labeling (classification) of data given in a metric space. Vertices of an underlying corresponding graph index the data points and define a system of neighborhoods. These neighborhoods together with nonnegative weight parameters define the regularization of the evolution of label assignments to data points, through geometric averaging induced by the affine e-connection of information geometry. From the point of view of evolutionary game dynamics, the assignment flow may be characterized as a large system of replicator equations that are coupled by geometric averaging. This paper establishes conditions on the weight parameters that guarantee convergence of the continuous-time assignment flow to integral assignments (labelings), up to a negligible subset of situations that will not be encountered when working with real data in practice. Furthermore, we classify attractors of the flow and quantify corresponding basins of attraction. This provides convergence guarantees for the assignment flow which are extended to the discrete-time assignment flow that results from applying a Runge–Kutta–Munthe–Kaas scheme for the numerical geometric integration of the assignment flow. Several counter-examples illustrate that violating the conditions may entail unfavorable behavior of the assignment flow regarding contextual data classification.
Geography matters to disability: regional disparity of bathing difficulty among older adults in China
Authors: Hoh Jasmon W. T. , Feng Qiushi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBathing is a major type of disability among older adults. While studies on bathing difficulties have recently started to go beyond the limitations of the human body to examine bathroom amenities; researchers have rarely considered the environment beyond the bathroom. This study explored the regional disparities in bathing disability among older adults in China. Using data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey from 1998 to 2018, random-effects logistic regressions were performed to examine how bathing difficulties differed across regions among older adults in China. We found that older adults residing in the northern regions were significantly more likely to experience bathing disability compared to those from the South after controlling for confounding variables. Women and the oldest-old were also the most likely to experience bathing disabilities. Within the Northern regions itself, individuals from the Northeast stood out for having the highest likelihood of experiencing bathing disability. Interestingly, this regional disparity only existed for bathing disability and not the other Activities of Daily Living (ADL) items. It is concluded that the large regional disparity could be due to both climate differences and uneven economic development across the different regions in China. As bathing is a highly environment-dependent activity, this study highlights the potential for policy interventions to reduce the prevalence of bathing disability among older adults through improving the bathing environment. Additionally, we aim to put forth the notion that disability research should move towards analyses of specific disability items rather than an undifferentiated ADL index.
A Multilayer Feedforward Perceptron Model in Neural Networks for Predicting Stock Market Short-term Trends
Authors: Namdari Alireza , Durrani Tariq S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractStock market prediction is important for investors seeking a return on the capital invested, though this prediction is a challenging task, due to the complexity of stock price time-series. This task can be performed by conducting two primary analyses: fundamental and technical. In this paper, we examine the predictability of these two analyses using a multilayer feedforward perceptron neural network (MLP) and determine whether MLP is capable of accurately predicting stock market short-term trends. We utilize stock prices (2013 Mar – 2018 Jun) and twelve financial ratios of technology companies selected through a feature selection preprocess. Our model uses self-organizing maps (SOMs) for clustering the historical prices and produces a low-dimensional discretized representation of the input space. The best results are obtained through hyper-parameter optimizations using a three-hidden layer MLP. The models are integrated using a nonlinear autoregressive structure with exogenous input (NARX). We find that the hybrid model successfully predicts the short-term stock trends. The hybrid model yields the greatest directional accuracy (70.36%) as compared to fundamental and technical analyses (64.38% and 62.85%) and state-of-the-art models. The results indicate that the market is not fully efficient. Our model will be useful to practitioners seeking investing and trading opportunities and others interested in the study of financial markets.
Forget what you hear: Careless Talk, espionage and ways of listening in on the British secret state
Authors: Kearns Oliver 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs the covert and clandestine practices of states multiplied in the twentieth century, so did these practices’ footprint in public life. This footprint is not just visual and material but sonic and aural, sounding the ‘secret state’ into being and suggesting ways of ‘listening in’ on it. Using multisensory methodology, this article examines Careless Talk Costs Lives, a UK Second World War propaganda campaign instructing citizens on how to practice discreet speech and listening in defence against ‘fifth columnist’ spies. This campaign reproduced the British secret state in the everyday: it represented sensitive operations as weaving in and out of citizens’ lives through imprudent chatter about ‘hush-hush’ activities and sounds you shouldn't overhear. The paradox at the campaign's heart – of revealing to people the kind of things they shouldn't say or listen to – made the secret state and its international operations a public phenomenon. Secret sounds therefore became entangled within productions of social difference, from class inequalities to German racialisation. Sound and listening, however, are unwieldy phenomena. This sonic life of the secret state risked undermining political legitimacy, while turning public space and idyllic environments into deceptive soundscapes – for international espionage, it seemed, sounded like ordinary life.
Neoliberal failures and the managerial takeover of governance
Authors: Dutta Sahil Jai , Knafo Samuel , Lovering Ian Alexander 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe history of neoliberalism is a messy attempt to turn theory into practice. Neoliberals struggled with their plans to implement flagship policies of monetarism, fiscal prudence, and public sector privatisation. Yet, inflation was still cut, welfare slashed, and the public sector ‘marketised’. Existing literature often interprets this as neoliberalism ‘failing-forward’, achieving policy goals by whatever means necessary and at great social cost. Often overlooked in this narrative is how far actually existing neoliberalism strayed from the original designs of public choice theorists and neoliberal ideologues. By examining the history of the Thatcher government's public sector reforms, we demonstrate how neoliberal plans for marketisation ran aground, forcing neoliberal governments to turn to an approach of Managed Competition that owed more to practices of postwar planning born in Cold War US than neoliberal theory. Rather than impose a market-like transformation of the public sector, Managed Competition systematically empowered top managers and turned governance into a managerial process; two developments that ran directly against core precepts of neoliberalism. The history of these early failures and adjustments provides vital insights into the politics of managerial governance in the neoliberal era.
Parent-child interaction during storybook reading: wordless narrative books versus books with text
Authors: PETRIE Abigail , MAYR Robert , ZHAO Fei , MONTANARI Simona 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study examines the content and function of parent-child talk while engaging in shared storybook reading with two narrative books: a wordless book versus a book with text. Thirty-six parents audio-recorded themselves reading one of the books at home with their 3.5–5.5-year-old children. Pragmatic and linguistic measures of parental and child talk during both narrative storytelling and dialogic interactions were compared between the wordless and book-with-text conditions. The results show that the wordless book engendered more interaction than the book-with-text, with a higher rate of parental prompts and responsive feedback, and significantly more child contributions, although lexical diversity and grammatical complexity of parental language were higher during narration using a book-with-text. The findings contribute to research on shared storybook reading suggesting that different book formats can promote qualitatively different language learning environments.
Constructive sheaf models of type theory
Authors: Coquand Thierry , Ruch Fabian , Sattler Christian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe provide a constructive version of the notion of sheaf models of univalent type theory. We start by relativizing existing constructive models of univalent type theory to presheaves over a base category. Any Grothendieck topology of the base category then gives rise to a family of left-exact modalities, and we recover a model of type theory by localizing the presheaf model with respect to this family of left-exact modalities. We provide then some examples.
On biosignatures for Mars
Authors: Westall Frances , Hickman-Lewis Keyron , Cavalazzi Barbara , Foucher Frédéric , Clodoré Laura , Vago Jorge L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this work, we address the difficulty of reliably identifying traces of life on Mars. Several independent lines of evidence are required to build a compelling body of proof. In particular, we underline the importance of correctly interpreting the geological and mineralogical context of the sites to be explored for the presence of biosignatures. We use as examples to illustrate this, ALH84001 (where knowledge of the geological context was very limited) and other terrestrial deposits, for which this could be properly established. We also discuss promising locations and formations to be explored by ongoing and future rover missions, including Oxia Planum, which, dated at 4.0 Ga, is the most ancient Mars location targeted for investigation yet.
The International Committee of the Red Cross and the International Criminal Court: Turning international humanitarian law into a two-headed snake?
Authors: García Pinto Fernanda 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe International Committee of the Red Cross and the International Criminal Court are two very different entities that simultaneously apply international humanitarian law but do so after their own perspectives. This article proposes a cautious yet critical approach to some of their divergent interpretations (conflict classification, the difference between direct and active participation in hostilities, intra-party sexual and gender-based violence, and the notion of attack) and examines how the broader legal system copes with these points of divergence. The analysis considers the institutional characteristics of these two organizations and the pluralistic nature of international humanitarian law as well as its dynamic rapport with international criminal law in order to highlight the versatility needed to face the challenges posed by contemporary armed conflicts.
Stopp dem Irrsinn
Authors: Wolfensberger Peter 
Published: November 2021

Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt? Klassifikationssysteme prägen zunehmend neben der medizinischen auch die pflegerische Fachsprache. Wirklich durchsetzen konnten sich einzelne Systeme in der Pflege jedoch kaum. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? Eine Rückbesinnung auf pflegerische Werte im Kontext längst etablierter medizinischer Fachsprache wird zur Diskussion gestellt und als zielführend erachtet. Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis? Mit der Sprache der Betroffenen werden Entwicklungen wie Person-Zentrierung und Recovery-Orientierung für alle Beteiligten erlebbar.
Predicting flows through microfluidic circuits with fluid walls
Authors: Deroy Cyril , Stovall-Kurtz Nicholas , Nebuloni Federico , Soitu Cristian , Cook Peter R. , Walsh Edmond J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe aqueous phase in traditional microfluidics is usually confined by solid walls; flows through such systems are often predicted accurately. As solid walls limit access, open systems are being developed in which the aqueous phase is partly bounded by fluid walls (interfaces with air or immiscible liquids). Such fluid walls morph during flow due to pressure gradients, so predicting flow fields remains challenging. We recently developed a version of open microfluidics suitable for live-cell biology in which the aqueous phase is confined by an interface with an immiscible and bioinert fluorocarbon (FC40). Here, we find that common medium additives (fetal bovine serum, serum replacement) induce elastic no-slip boundaries at this interface and develop a semi-analytical model to predict flow fields. We experimentally validate the model’s accuracy for single conduits and fractal vascular trees and demonstrate how flow fields and shear stresses can be controlled to suit individual applications in cell biology.
Genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screening in hepatocellular carcinoma with lenvatinib resistance
Authors: Lu Yonggang , Shen Haoming , Huang Wenjie , He Sha , Chen Jianlin , Zhang Di , Shen Yongqi , Sun Yifan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLenvatinib is the first target drug approved for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the development of drug resistance is common, and the mechanisms of lenvatinib resistance and resistant targets in HCC are poorly understood. By using CRISPR/Cas9 library screening, we screened out two key resistance genes, neurofibromin 1(NF1), and dual specificity phosphatase 9 (DUSP9), as critical drivers for lenvatinib resistance in HCC. With RNAi knockdown and CRISPR/Cas9 knockout models, we further clarified the mechanisms by which NF1 loss reactivates the PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways, while DUSP9 loss activates the MAPK/ERK signaling pathways, thereby inactivating FOXO3, followed by degradation of FOXO3, finally induced lenvatinib resistance. We also screened out trametinib, a small molecule pathway inhibitor for MEK, that can be used to reverse resistance induced by NF1 and DUSP9 loss in HCC cells. Trametinib was still able to halt HCC growth even when NF1 was knocked out in mice. Collectively, the findings indicate that NF1 and DUSP9 takes critical role in lenvatinib resistance and may be novel specific targets and predictive markers for lenvatinib resistance in HCC.
Benchmarking the performance of Bayesian optimization across multiple experimental materials science domains
Authors: Liang Qiaohao , Gongora Aldair E. , Ren Zekun , Tiihonen Armi , Liu Zhe , Sun Shijing , Deneault James R. , Bash Daniil , Mekki-Berrada Flore , Khan Saif A. , Hippalgaonkar Kedar , Maruyama Benji , Brown Keith A. , Fisher III John , Buonassisi Tonio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBayesian optimization (BO) has been leveraged for guiding autonomous and high-throughput experiments in materials science. However, few have evaluated the efficiency of BO across a broad range of experimental materials domains. In this work, we quantify the performance of BO with a collection of surrogate model and acquisition function pairs across five diverse experimental materials systems. By defining acceleration and enhancement metrics for materials optimization objectives, we find that surrogate models such as Gaussian Process (GP) with anisotropic kernels and Random Forest (RF) have comparable performance in BO, and both outperform the commonly used GP with isotropic kernels. GP with anisotropic kernels has demonstrated the most robustness, yet RF is a close alternative and warrants more consideration because it is free from distribution assumptions, has smaller time complexity, and requires less effort in initial hyperparameter selection. We also raise awareness about the benefits of using GP with anisotropic kernels in future materials optimization campaigns.
Homozygous duplication identified by whole genome sequencing causes LRBA deficiency
Authors: Merico Daniele , Pasternak Yehonatan , Zarrei Mehdi , Higginbotham Edward J. , Thiruvahindrapuram Bhooma , Scott Ori , Willett-Pachul Jessica , Grunebaum Eyal , Upton Julia , Atkinson Adelle , Kim Vy H. D. , Aliyev Elbay , Fakhro Khalid , Scherer Stephen W. , Roifman Chaim M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn more than one-third of primary immunodeficiency (PID) patients, extensive genetic analysis including whole-exome sequencing (WES) fails to identify the genetic defect. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is able to detect variants missed by other genomics platforms, enabling the molecular diagnosis of otherwise unresolved cases. Here, we report two siblings, offspring of consanguineous parents, who experienced similar severe events encompassing early onset of colitis, lymphoproliferation, and hypogammaglobulinemia, typical of lipopolysaccharide-responsive and beige-like anchor (LRBA) or cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) deficiencies. Gene-panel sequencing, comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) array, and WES failed to reveal a genetic aberration in relevant genes. WGS of these patients detected a 12.3 kb homozygous tandem duplication that was absent in control cohorts and is predicted to disrupt the reading frame of the LRBA gene. The variant was validated by PCR and Sanger sequencing, demonstrating the presence of the junction between the reference and the tandem-duplicated sequence. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) further confirmed the copy number in the unaffected parents (CN = 3, heterozygous) and affected siblings (CN = 4, homozygous), confirming the expected segregation pattern. In cases of suspected inherited immunodeficiency, WGS may reveal a mutation when other methods such as microarray and WES analysis failed to detect an aberration.
Altered sleep spindles and slow waves during space shuttle missions
Authors: Koller Dominik P. , Kasanin Vida , Flynn-Evans Erin E. , Sullivan Jason P. , Dijk Derk-Jan , Czeisler Charles A. , Barger Laura K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSleep deficiencies and associated performance decrements are common among astronauts during spaceflight missions. Previously, sleep in space was analyzed with a focus on global measures while the intricate structure of sleep oscillations remains largely unexplored. This study extends previous findings by analyzing how spaceflight affects characteristics of sleep spindles and slow waves, two sleep oscillations associated with sleep quality and quantity, in four astronauts before, during and after two Space Shuttle missions. Analysis of these oscillations revealed significantly increased fast spindle density, elevated slow spindle frequency, and decreased slow wave amplitude in space compared to on Earth. These results reflect sleep characteristics during spaceflight on a finer electrophysiological scale and provide an opportunity for further research on sleep in space.
Combination of human endothelial colony-forming cells and mesenchymal stromal cells exert neuroprotective effects in the growth-restricted newborn
Authors: Chand Kirat K. , Patel Jatin , Bjorkman S. T. , Sim Seen-Ling , Miller Stephanie M. , Teo Elliot , Jones Lara , Sun Jane , Colditz Paul B. , Khosrotehrani Kiarash , Wixey Julie A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe foetal brain is particularly vulnerable to the detrimental effects of foetal growth restriction (FGR) with subsequent abnormal neurodevelopment being common. There are no current treatments to protect the FGR newborn from lifelong neurological disorders. This study examines whether pure foetal mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFC) from the human term placenta are neuroprotective through modulating neuroinflammation and supporting the brain vasculature. We determined that one dose of combined MSC-ECFCs (cECFC; 106 ECFC 106 MSC) on the first day of life to the newborn FGR piglet improved damaged vasculature, restored the neurovascular unit, reduced brain inflammation and improved adverse neuronal and white matter changes present in the FGR newborn piglet brain. These findings could not be reproduced using MSCs alone. These results demonstrate cECFC treatment exerts beneficial effects on multiple cellular components in the FGR brain and may act as a neuroprotectant.