bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and dose‐effect relationship of clinical gamma‐hydroxybutyrate intoxication: A case series
Authors: Abid Madelaine , Kietzerow Jana , Iwersen‐Bergmann Stefanie , Schnitgerhans Tino , Andresen‐Streichert Hilke 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGamma‐Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) overdoses cause respiratory depression, coma, or even death. Symptoms and severity of poisoning depend on blood‐concentrations and individual factors such as tolerance. A retrospective case study was conducted, evaluating GHB intoxication cases. GHB‐concentrations in blood and urine were determined by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) along with, in part, via enzymatic assay. GHB‐concentrations, demographic data, and additional drug use, as well as specific clinical information, were evaluated. The correlation between GHB‐levels in blood and associated symptoms were examined. In total, 75 cases originating from the Emergency Departments (EDs) of Hamburg and surrounding hospitals were included. Fifty‐four of the patients (72%) were male. The mean GHB‐concentration in blood was 248 mg/L (range 21.5–1418 mg/L). Out of the group with detailed clinical information (n = 18), the comatose group (n = 10/18) showed a mean of 244 mg/L (range 136–403 mg/L), which was higher than that of the somnolent and awake patients. Of the comatose collective, 70% (n = 7) showed co‐use of one or more substances, with the additional use of cocaine being the most frequently detected (n = 5). In conclusion, a moderate dose‐effect relationship was observed, although, there was some overlap in dosage concentration levels of GHB in awake and comatose patients. In GHB‐intoxication cases, co‐use was common as were clinical effects such as acidosis, hypotension, and impact on the heart rate. Timely analytical determination of the GHB‐concentration in blood could support correct diagnosis of the cause of unconsciousness.
Phase I/II study of biweekly nab‐paclitaxel in patients with platinum‐pretreated non‐small cell lung cancer: NJLCG1402
Authors: Miyauchi Eisaku , Tanaka Hisashi , Nakamura Atsushi , Harada Toshiyuki , Nakagawa Taku , Morita Mami , Jingu Daisuke , Kuda Tomoya , Gamou Shunichi , Saito Ryota , Inoue Akira 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundNJLCG1402 was a phase I/II trial investigating biweekly nanoparticle albumin‐bound paclitaxel (nab‐PTX) in patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsThe study included patients aged ≥20 years with previously treated NSCLC. Nab‐PTX (100–150 mg/m2) was administered biweekly in a 28‐day cycle. The phase I portion was performed to determine the recommended phase II dose of nab‐PTX. In the phase II portion, the primary endpoint was the objective response rate. Secondary endpoints were disease control rate, progression‐free survival, overall survival, and safety.ResultsA total of 15 patients received biweekly nab‐PTX (100–150 mg/m2) and 12 patients in phase II were treated with 150 mg/m2. In the phase I portion, 150 mg/m2 was determined as the recommended dose. Among those treated with 150 mg/m2, the objective response rate was 22%, and the median progression‐free and overall survival was 3.6 and 11.2 months, respectively. Adverse events grade ≥3 were observed in 39% of patients.ConclusionsBiweekly nab‐PTX monotherapy was well tolerated and exhibited favorable antitumor activity in patients with previously treated NSCLC.
Time course of symptoms in posttraumatic stress disorder with delayed expression: A systematic review
Authors: Bonde Jens Peter Ellekilde , Jensen Johan Høy , Smid Geert E. , Flachs Esben Meulengracht , Elklit Ask , Mors Ole , Videbech Poul 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the hypothesis that PTSD with delayed expression in some cases occurs without subthreshold PTSD symptoms above background levels bridging the gap between the traumatic exposure(s) and the clinical diagnosis.MethodsWe performed systematic searches of peer‐reviewed papers in English referenced in Pubmed, Embase, or PsycINFO and ascertained 34 prospective studies of PTSD symptom trajectories identified by latent class growth statistical modeling. Studies with delayed and low‐stable trajectories provided appropriate data for this study. We computed the difference between the delayed trajectory PTSD symptom sumscore and the low‐stable PTSD sumscore at the observed points in time after the traumatic event(s).ResultsIn 29 study populations, the latent class growth analyses displayed delayed trajectories, and in these, we identified 110 data points (% PTSD sumscore difference/months since traumatic exposure). The median PTSD symptom sumscore was 25% higher during the initial 6 months among individuals in the delayed trajectory compared to those in low‐stable trajectory. From this level, the difference widened and reached a plateau of 40–50% higher. The variation was large, and the baseline participation rate and loss to follow‐up were exceeding 25% in the majority of the studies. Heterogeneity of populations, measures, and analyses precluded formal meta‐analysis.ConclusionDelayed PTSD is preceded by PTSD symptoms during the first year in most cases. Still, few individuals may experience an asymptomatic delay. The results underpin the rationale for monitoring PTSD symptoms and may inform forensic assessments in that delayed PTSD without symptoms bridging the traumatic event is rare.
Assessing the temporal dynamics of Frankliniella schultzei (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in commercial soybean crops in North Brazil
Authors: dos Santos Juliana L. , Sarmento Renato A. , Pereira Poliana S. , Noleto Luciane R. , Reis Kayo H. B. , Pires Warly S. , Peluzio Joenes M. , Medeiros Juliana G. , Santos Abraão A. , Picanço Marcelo C. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Thrips are considered a secondary pest of soybean in Brazil, but high densities have been noticed since the last harvests (2017/18 and 2018/19), yet no study has provided an initial hypothesis regarding the causes of such events.
We aimed to identify some of the factors related to Frankliniella schultzei Trybom (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) temporal dynamics in commercial soybean crops located in Tocantins (Northern Brazil).
We undertook evaluations during soybean vegetative, flowering, and fruiting stages on 200 plants per field in each sampling date (n = 22). Our results indicated that the densities of F. schultzei were similar among fields and soybean phenological stages.
The density of thrips showed a significant negative relationship with rainfall, but it was not related to either air temperature, photoperiod, relative humidity, or wind speed.
The predators' density was less than 170 individuals (summing all assessments), and it was not associated with thrips density.
This study indicates rainfall as the leading factor associated with the temporal dynamics of F. schultzei in commercial soybean crops.
Decreased occurrence of endometriosis in women with Chlamydia trachomatis infection
Authors: Khan Khaleque N. , Fujishita Akira , Kitajima Michio , Ishimaru Tadayuki , Ogawa Kanae , Koshiba Akemi , Mori Taisuke , Kitawaki Jo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractProblemDespite abundant reports on the risk role of uterine outflow tract obstruction in endometriosis, information on the occurrence of endometriosis in women with Chlamydia trachomatis infection causing fallopian tube obstruction is unknown. We investigated the role of Chlamydia trachomatis infection with or without fallopian tubal patency in the occurrence of endometriosis.MethodsThis is a retrospective case‐controlled cohort study with 539 women who had laparoscopic surgery for several indications during the period between January, 2003 and June, 2010. Women with ectopic pregnancy, uterine anomaly, chromosomal abnormality, primary amenorrhea, and perimenopausal women were excluded. Endometriosis was diagnosed by laparoscopic inspection and confirmed by histopathology. Tubal patency was diagnosed by HSG or laparoscopic chromopertubation test. Presence of chlamydia infection was examined by RT‐PCR and serological test.ResultsTwo‐hundred and seven women were enrolled. Eighty‐six (41.5%) women had chlamydia infection. Tubal patency and occurrence of endometriosis were significantly decreased among women with chlamydia infection comparing to women without it (P = .005 and P = .0008, respectively). Even among women with patent tube, laparoscopic detection of endometriosis was significantly decreased in chlamydia infected comparing to non‐infected women (P = .02). Multiple logistic regression model revealed that previous history of chlamydia infection significantly decreased the occurrence of endometriosis, and was independent of age, menstrual status, parity and tubal patency (odds ratio .44; 95% confidence interval .24–.80; P = .007).ConclusionA decreased occurrence of peritoneal endometriosis was observed in women with Chlamydia trachomatis infection. The possible impairment of retrograde menstrual flow by chlamydia‐infected tubal damage may decrease the risk of endometriosis.
Perceptions of organizational politics: A restricted nonlinearity perspective of its effects on job satisfaction and performance
Authors: Ellen B. Parker , Maher Liam P. , Hochwarter Wayne A. , Ferris Gerald R. , Kiewitz Christian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study examined a restricted nonlinearity perspective of the relationship between perceptions of organizational politics (POPs) and work outcomes (i.e., job satisfaction and job performance), dependent upon the level of employee loyalty. Consistent with prior work, we conceptualized POPs as a demand that can have positive effects on job satisfaction and performance, up to certain levels, before negative effects are observed as levels of POPs continue to increase to more extreme levels. Drawing upon the transactional theory of stress, we then argued that this relationship would hold for more loyal employees. However, we hypothesized that these relationships would take a more linear and negative form for less loyal employees. Data analyses of a sample of 177 financial services employees offered mixed support for our hypotheses, replicating prior work that showed a nonlinear, inverse‐U‐shaped relationship between POPs and job satisfaction, and demonstrating an inverted U‐shaped relationship between POPs and both satisfaction and performance for more loyal employees, but not for less loyal employees. We discuss contributions to theory and research, limitations, directions for future research, and practical implications.
Identification and molecular analysis of 17 novel variants of hydroxymethylbilane synthase in Chinese patients with acute intermittent porphyria
Authors: Hu Yuanxiang , Li Weihao , Kang Ninglin , Ma Liyan , Teng Qing , Mo Guiling , Wu Jiahong , Wang Xinyang , Bi Renjie , Zhang Songyun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA partial deficiency of the heme biosynthetic enzyme hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS) leads to acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), a severe neurovisceral, autosomal dominant disorder with low penetrance. Even though in‐depth investigations of the HMBS variants have been carried out by researchers in Britain, France, Russia, and Sweden, this area remains uninvestigated in China owing to the rarity and lack of clinical understanding of the disease. In this study, 78 unrelated AIP patients revealed 48 different HMBS variants, of which 17 were novel. These included 22 missense variants, 9 splicings, 5 nonsense variants, 10 small deletions, 1 repeat insertion, and 1 complex deletion–insertion variant. The variant c.673C > T, found in 10 unrelated patients, was the most frequent variant, followed by the variant c.517C > T, found in 7 unrelated patients. We performed western blotting and immunofluorescence staining with four novel variants (c.653G > A, c.597dupC, c.726‐727del, and c.1045_1046delAA) to detect the expression levels of mutant HMBSs. The results showed a variant‐mediated decrease in the mutant‐HMBS level, suggesting that the variant resulted in impaired gene product functions. Moreover, the in vitro functional verification in this study provided PS3_moderate evidence for American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) to grade the pathogenicity of novel variants in AIP.
Flexible constraint hierarchy during the visual encoding of tool‐object interactions
Authors: Bayani Kristel Yu Tiamco , Natraj Nikhilesh , Gale Mary Kate , Temples Danielle , Atawala Neel , Wheaton Lewis A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTools and objects are associated with numerous action possibilities that are reduced depending on the task‐related internal and external constraints presented to the observer. Action hierarchies propose that goals represent higher levels of the hierarchy while kinematic patterns represent lower levels of the hierarchy. Prior work suggests that tool‐object perception is heavily influenced by grasp and action context. The current study sought to evaluate whether the presence of action hierarchy can be perceptually identified using eye tracking during tool‐object observation. We hypothesize that gaze patterns will reveal a perceptual hierarchy based on the observed task context and grasp constraints. Participants viewed tool‐objects scenes with two types of constraints: task‐context and grasp constraints. Task‐context constraints consisted of correct (e.g., frying pan‐spatula) and incorrect tool‐object pairings (e.g., stapler‐spatula). Grasp constraints involved modified tool orientations, which requires participants to understand how initially awkward grasp postures can help achieve the task. The visual scene contained three areas of interests (AOIs): the object, the functional tool‐end (e.g., spoon handle) and the manipulative tool‐end (e.g., spoon bowl). Results revealed two distinct processes based on stimuli constraints. Goal‐oriented encoding, the attentional bias towards the object and manipulative tool‐end, was demonstrated when grasp did not lead to meaningful tool‐use. In images where grasp postures were critical to action performance, attentional bias was primarily between the object and functional tool‐end, which suggests means‐related encoding of the graspable properties of the object. This study expands from previous work and demonstrates a flexible constraint hierarchy depending on the observed task constraints.
Parenting in times of refuge: A qualitative investigation
Authors: Eltanamly Hend , Leijten Patty , van Rooij Floor , Overbeek Geertjan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis qualitative study sheds light on how the different phases of refuge and resettlement shape parents’ perceptions of their parenting. We used in‐depth interviews to examine parents’ accounts of how war and refuge gave rise to different stressors, and how these in turn shaped parenting. We interviewed 27 Syrian refugee parents recently settled in the Netherlands (16 families) twice, using a grounded theory approach. We distinguished five phases of refuge, namely prewar, war, flight, displacement, and resettlement. During flight and displacement, stressors associated with financial and material losses appeared to induce parental empathy for children's suffering, which seemed to increase parental leniency. Stressors emerging from family separation during displacement, however, were reported to burden parents and to lead to uncertainty, which seemed to compromise parental warmth and sensitive discipline. While narratives suggest that families reacted in similar ways during the phases of war, flight, and displacement, differences seemed to emerge during the resettlement phase. Some parents stated that in resettlement, they experienced post‐traumatic growth (e.g., increased compassion for their children) and were more autonomy supporting than before the war. Other parents seemed to struggle with accepting and supporting their children's emotions and appeared to resort more readily to parental control. Our findings suggest that emotional exhaustion plays a key role in how parents viewed their parenting changed during refuge, and that individual differences in parents’ abilities to recover from emotional exhaustion played a key role in shaping parenting in resettlement.
Thermochemistry of stoichiometric rare earth oxyfluorides REOF
Authors: Yang Shuhao , Anderko Andre , Riman Richard E. , Navrotsky Alexandra 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRare earth oxyfluorides (REOF) have potential applications in luminescent devices and energy storage and are important for synthesis and properties of RE‐doped oxyfluoride glasses. This study evaluates the thermodynamic properties of stoichiometric REOF with varying RE (RE = La, Nd, Gd, Ho, Y, and Yb) elements using high temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry and investigates the phase transitions of YbOF by differential scanning calorimetry. The formation enthalpies from binary oxides and fluorides are exothermic and become less exothermic with the decrease of ionic radius of RE3+, showing that REOF compounds are energetically stable relative to equal molar mixtures of RE2O3 and REF3 and the RE–O interactions contribute to most of their thermodynamic stabilities. Different from REOF with large RE ions (La–Er and Y) having the rhombohedral phase, REOF with small cations (e.g., Yb) possesses the monoclinic structure as the more energetically stable phase at room temperature. However, the slow transition between the monoclinic and cubic phases easily generates the rhombohedral phase, which is favored by kinetics.
Identification of metabolism‐associated molecular subtype in ovarian cancer
Authors: Liu Xiaona , Wu Aoshen , Wang Xing , Liu Yunhe , Xu Yiang , Liu Gang , Liu Lei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOvarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynaecological cancer with genomic complexity and extensive heterogeneity. This study aimed to characterize the molecular features of OC based on the gene expression profile of 2752 previously characterized metabolism‐relevant genes and provide new strategies to improve the clinical status of patients with OC. Finally, three molecular subtypes (C1, C2 and C3) were identified. The C2 subtype displayed the worst prognosis, upregulated immune‐cell infiltration status and expression level of immune checkpoint genes, lower burden of copy number gains and losses and suboptimal response to targeted drug bevacizumab. The C1 subtype showed downregulated immune‐cell infiltration status and expression level of immune checkpoint genes, the lowest incidence of BRCA mutation and optimal response to targeted drug bevacizumab. The C3 subtype had an intermediate immune status, the highest incidence of BRCA mutation and a secondary optimal response to bevacizumab. Gene signatures of C1 and C2 subtypes with an opposite expression level were mainly enriched in proteolysis and immune‐related biological process. The C3 subtype was mainly enriched in the T cell‐related biological process. The prognostic and immune status of subtypes were validated in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset, which was predicted with a 45‐gene classifier. These findings might improve the understanding of the diversity and therapeutic strategies for OC.
Impaired non‐canonical transforming growth factor‐β signalling prevents profibrotic phenotypes in cultured peptidylarginine deiminase 4‐deficient murine cardiac fibroblasts
Authors: Akboua Hanane , Eghbalzadeh Kaveh , Keser Ugur , Wahlers Thorsten , Paunel‐Görgülü Adnana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTransforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) becomes rapidly activated in the infarcted heart. Hence, TGF‐β‐mediated persistent activation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and exaggerated fibrotic responses may result in adverse cardiac remodelling and heart failure. Additionally, peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) was described to be implicated in organ fibrosis. Here, we investigated the impact of PAD4 on CF function and myofibroblast transdifferentiation in vitro. The expression of fibrosis‐related genes was largely similar in cultured WT and PAD4‐/‐ CFs of passage 3, although collagen III was reduced in PAD4‐/‐ CFs. Exposure to TGF‐β inhibited proliferation and increased contractile activity and migration of WT CFs, but not of PAD4‐/‐ CFs. However, under baseline conditions, PAD4−/− CFs showed comparable functional characteristics as TGF‐β‐stimulated WT CFs. Although the SMAD‐dependent TGF‐β pathway was not disturbed in PAD4‐/‐ CFs, TGF‐β failed to activate protein kinase B (Akt) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in these cells. Similar results were obtained in WT CFs treated with the PAD4 inhibitor Cl‐amidine. Abrogated Akt activation was associated with diminished levels of phosphorylated, inactive glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β). Consequently, PAD4‐/‐ CFs did not upregulate collagen I and α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) expression after TGF‐β treatment. Thus, PAD4 is substantially involved in the regulation of non‐canonical TGF‐β signalling and may represent a therapeutic target for the treatment of adverse cardiac remodelling.
Nerve biopsy in acquired neuropathies
Authors: Sommer Claudia , Carroll Antonia S , Koike Haruki , Katsuno Masahisa , Ort Nora , Sobue Gen , Vucic Steve , Spies Judith M , Doppler Kathrin , Kiernan Matthew C 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA diagnosis of neuropathy can typically be determined through clinical assessment and focused investigation. With technological advances, including significant progress in genomics, the role of nerve biopsy has receded over recent years. However, making a specific and, in some cases, tissue‐based diagnosis is essential across a wide array of potentially treatable acquired peripheral neuropathies. When laboratory investigations do not suggest a definitive diagnosis, nerve biopsy remains the final step to ascertain the etiology of the disease. The present review highlights the utility of nerve biopsy in confirming a diagnosis, while further illustrating the importance of a tissue‐based diagnosis in relation to treatment strategies, particularly when linked to long‐term immunosuppressive therapies,
Temporary hair loss after injection of hyaluronic acid filler
Authors: van den Elzen Helga , Schelke Leonie , Velthuis Peter 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundCompromised blood flow after filler injection is generally thought to result from intra‐arterial obstruction.AimsTo test this hypothesis.PatientA case presented with the clinical picture of reduced arterial blood flow after hyaluronic acid filler injection in the temporal region and subsequent hair loss.MethodClinical and ultrasound (US) assessments as well as ultrasound guided hyaluronidase injection were performed.ResultBlood flow was restored and hair loss proved to be temporary.ConclusionThere are many arguments to conclude that the problem did not result from intra‐arterial occlusion, but rather from outside compression of the artery.