bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vesicle shape transformations driven by confined active filaments
Authors: Peterson Matthew , Baskaran Aparna , Hagan Michael 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In active matter systems, deformable boundaries provide a mechanism to organize internal active stresses and perform work on the external environment. To study a minimal model of such a system, we perform particle-based simulations of an elastic vesicle containing a collection of polar active filaments. The interplay between the active stress organization due to interparticle interactions and that due to the deformability of the confinement leads to a variety of filament spatiotemporal organizations that have not been observed in bulk systems or under rigid confinement, including highly-aligned rings and caps. In turn, these filament assemblies drive dramatic and tunable transformations of the vesicle shape and its dynamics. We present simple scaling models that reveal the mechanisms underlying these emergent behaviors and yield design principles for engineering active materials with targeted shape dynamics.
The Influence of Direct Radiative Forcing Versus Indirect Sea Surface Temperature Warming on Southern Hemisphere Subtropical Anticyclones Under Global Warming
Authors: Fahad Abdullah A. , Burls Natalie J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Southern hemisphere subtropical anticyclones are projected to change in a warmer climate during both austral summer and winter. A recent study of CMIP 5 & 6 projections found a combination of local diabatic heating changes and static-stability-induced changes in baroclinic eddy growth as the dominant drivers. Yet the underlying mechanisms forcing these changes still remain uninvestigated. This study aims to enhance our mechanistic understanding of what drives these Southern Hemisphere anticyclones changes during both seasons. Using an AGCM, we decompose the response to CO2-induced warming into two components: (1) the fast atmospheric response to direct CO2 radiative forcing, and (2) the slow atmospheric response due to indirect sea surface temperature warming. Additionally, we isolate the influence of tropical diabatic heating with AGCM added heating experiments. As a complement to our numerical AGCM experiments, we analyze the Atmospheric and Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project experiments. Results from sensitivity experiments show that slow subtropical sea surface temperature warming primarily forces the projected changes in subtropical anticyclones through baroclinicity change. Fast CO2 atmospheric radiative forcing on the other hand plays a secondary role, with the exception of the South Atlantic subtropical anticyclone in austral winter, where it opposes the forcing by sea surface temperature changes resulting in a muted net response. Lastly, we find that tropical diabatic heating changes only significantly influence Southern Hemisphere subtropical anticyclone changes through tropospheric wind shear changes during austral winter.
Phrenic nerve stimulation prevents diaphragm atrophy in patients with respiratory failure on mechanical ventilation
Authors: Soták Michal , Roubík Karel , Henlín Tomáš , Tyll Tomáš 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Diaphragm atrophy and dysfunction is a major problem among critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation. Ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction is thought to play a major role, resulting in a failure of weaning. Stimulation of the phrenic nerves and resulting diaphragm contraction could potentially prevent or treat this atrophy. The subject of this study is to determine the effectiveness of diaphragm stimulation in preventing atrophy by measuring changes in its thickness.Methods: A total of 12 patients in the intervention group and 10 patients in the control group were enrolled. Diaphragm thickness was measured by ultrasound in both groups at the beginning of study enrollment (hour 0), after 24 hours, and at study completion (hour 48). The obtained data were then statistically analyzed and both groups were compared.Results: The results showed that the baseline diaphragm thickness in the interventional group was (1.98 ± 0.52) mm and after 48 hours of phrenic nerve stimulation increased to (2.20 ± 0.45) mm (p=0.001). The baseline diaphragm thickness of (2.00 ± 0.33) mm decreased in the control group after 48 hours of mechanical ventilation to (1.72 ± 0.20) mm (p<0.001). Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that induced contraction of the diaphragm by pacing the phrenic nerve not only reduces the rate of its atrophy during mechanical ventilation but also leads to an increase in its thickness – the main determinant of the muscle strength required for spontaneous ventilation and successful ventilator weaning.
Ferroptosis-Related IncRNAs Are Prognostic Biomarker of Overall Survival in Pancreatic Cancer Patients
Authors: Chen Dongjie , Gao Wenzhe , Zang Longjun , Zhang Xianlin , Li Zheng , Zhu Hongwei , Yu Xiao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most lethal malignancies, the mortality and morbidity of which have been increasing over the past decade. Ferroptosis, a newly identified iron-dependent pattern of cell death, can be induced by iron chelators and small lipophilic antioxidants. Nonetheless, the prognostic significance of ferroptosis-related lncRNAs in PC remains to be explicated. Methods: We obtained the lncRNA expression matrix and clinicopathological information of PC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) datasets in the current study. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to delve into the ferroptosis-related lncRNAs, and univariate Cox analysis was implemented to examine the prognostic values in PC patients. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox (LASSO-Cox) analysis was performed to establish a ferroptosis-related lncRNA prognostic marker (Fe-LPM). Furthermore, we adopted a multivariate Cox regression to establish a nomogram. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network were also created.Results: The eight Fe-LPM (including SLC16A1-AS1, SETBP1-DT, ZNF93-AS1, SLC25A5-AS1, AC073896.2, LINC00242, PXN-AS1 and AC036176) was confirmed, and displayed a sturdy prognostic capability in the training and validation dataset. We established a nomogram based on risk score, age, pathological T stage and primary therapy outcome. GSEA revealed that several ferroptosis-related pathways are enriched in low-risk subgroups. A ceRNA network (including 4 lncRNAs, 27 miRNAs and 57 mRNAs) was also constructed to provide us some clues for finding the potential functions of these ferroptosis-related lncRNAs in PC.Conclusion: The eight Fe-LPM can be utilized for anticipating the overall survival (OS) of PC patients, which are meaningful to guiding clinical strategies of PC.
Bowls, Vases and Goblets – The Microcrockery of Polymer and Nanocomposite Morphology Revealed by Two-Photon Optical Tomography
Authors: Yang Shu-Gui , Wei Zhen-Zhen , Cseh Liliana , Kazemi Pantea , Zeng Xiangbing , Xie Hui-Jie , Saba Hina , Ungar Goran 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
On the >1µm scale the morphology of semicrystalline plastics like polyethylene or Nylon features spherulites, “shish-kebabs”, cylinddrites and other crystalline aggregates which strongly affect mechanical and other material properties. Current imaging techniques give only a 2D picture of these objects. Here we show how they can be visualized in 3D using fluorescent labels and confocal microscopy. As a result, for the first time we see spherulites in 3D, both in neat polymers and their nanocomposites, and observe how unevenly nanoparticles and other additives are distributed in the material. Images of i-polypropylene and biodegradable poly(lactic acid) reveal previously unsuspected morphologies such as “vases” and “goblets”, nonspherical “spherulites” and, unexpectedly, “shish-kebabs” grown from quiescent melt. Also surprisingly, in nanocomposite sheets spherulite nucleation is seen to be copied from one surface to another, mediated by crystallization-induced pressure drop and local melt-flow. These first results reveal unfamiliar modes of self-assembly in familiar plastics and open new perspectives on polymer microstructure.
The Clinical Prediction Factors for Non-Culprit Lesion Progression in Patients with Acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: wang jian , Yan Cheng-ying 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
To investigate the relationship between the clinical features and progression of non-culprit lesions in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI).
Methods
A total of 480 patients (57.1 ± 9.2 y) with STEMI who underwent PPCI between January 2016 and December 2017 in Beijing Anzhen Hospital were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent PPCI as a treatment for culprit lesions. Clinical and angiographic follow-up were performed for 12 months. All patients were divided into a non-culprit lesions (NCL) progression group (205 cases) and a control group (275 cases) based on angiographic follow-up outcomes at 12 months. The clinical and angiographic features were analyzed.
Results
Body mass index (BMI), serum creatinine (Scr), fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated serum albumin, glycated hemoglobin and homocysteine levels in the NCL progression group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). A logistic regression analysis showed that FBG (odds ratio = 1.274, 95% confidence interval: 1.077–1.505, P = 0.005) and Scr (odds ratio = 1.020, 95% confidence interval: 1.002–1.038, P = 0.027) were independent predictors of NCL progression. A partial correlation analysis showed that FBG was positively correlated with NCL progression (r = 0.231, P = 0.001). A receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the boundary point of FBG to predict NCL progression was 5.715 mmol/L, and the sensitivity was 74.4% and the specificity was 46.4%.
Conclusions
FBG is a valuable predictor for NCL progression in patients with STEMI after PPCI.
Pyroptosis-related genes IRAK1, NOD2, POP1 and YWHAB impact the prognosis through immune functional pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lin Zhuo , Chen Zhuoyan , Miao Dan , Xu Qian , Zeng Liuwei , Zhao Luying , Xu Jun , Song Xian , Yu Fujun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly heterogeneous disease, which makes the prognostic prediction challenging. Pyroptosis can influence the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of tumors. However, the prognostic value of pyroptosis-related genes in HCC remains to be further elucidated.Methods: In this study, univariate Cox regression analysis and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression were performed to construct a four-gene signature. Kaplan-Meier curve, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve and univariate/multivariate Cox analysis were used to evaluate the prognostic model. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis was performed to calculate the enrichment scores of diverse immune cell subpopulations and related functions. The correlation of the prognostic model with immune infiltrate types and drug chemosensitivity were analyzed by Analysis of variance and Pearson correlation respectively. Spearman correlation was carried out to analyze the associations between the risk score and immune checkpoint-related genes, cell cycle-related genes, and multidrug resistance-related genes. Gene set enrichment analysis was conducted to further explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Finally, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were applied to analyze the mRNA and protein expression levels between HCC tissues and adjacent non-tumorous tissues in an independent sample cohort.Results: A pyroptosis-related gene signature was constructed to classify patients into two risk groups. Compared with the low-risk group, patients in the high-risk group showed significantly reduced overall survival (OS). The risk score was an independent predictor of OS. Tumor-related pathways were enriched in the high-risk group and patients with different risk scores showed different immune status. Immune checkpoint-related genes, cell cycle-related genes, and multidrug resistance-related genes were overexpressed in the high-risk group compared with the low-risk group. The expression level of each prognostic gene was negatively related to the anti-tumor drug sensitivity. Furthermore, the expression level of each prognostic gene in HCC tissues was higher than that in adjacent non-tumorous tissues in an independent sample cohort and similar results were found in most cancer types.Conclusions: A novel pyroptosis-related gene signature is a promising biomarker for estimating the OS and immune status of HCC, which is beneficial to the realization of individualized treatment.
Primary Linitis of the Colon Is a Rare Tumor
Authors: Ghannouchi Mossaab , Moussa Ameny , Khalifa Mohamed Ben , Chaouech Asma , Nacef Karim , Boudokhane Moez 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Primary colic linitis is a rare tumor .colonic biopsies are frequently negative. The search for a primitive is imperative, because only its negativity affirms the primary character of the tumor. The endoscopic exploration shows the integrity of the mucosa, with a narrowing lumen or impassable stenosis. The diagnosis is based on particular pathological criteria: submucosal spread and a scirrhous carcinoma with diffuse thickening and hardening of the bowel wall consisted of independent signet ring cells. Immunohistochemistry could help in the differential diagnosis between primary colonic ADK (CK7-; CK20+) and colonic metastasis from gastric linitis (CK 7+, CK 20). In our case, tumor cells were positive for CDX2 (intensive and diffuse marking). Primary colic linitis is a rare but extremely aggressive, diagnosed at a late stage. Lymphatic metastases often found at the time of the diagnosis makes the prognosis very pejorative.
Quantifying Cardiac Sympathetic Denervation: First Studies of 18F-Fluorohydroxyphenethylguanidines in Cardiomyopathy Patients
Authors: Raffel David M. , Crawford Thomas C. , Jung Yong-Woon , Koeppe Robert A. , Gu Guie , Rothley Jill , Frey Kirk A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose. The PET radiotracers 4-18F-fluoro-m-hydroxyphenethylguanidine (18F-4F-MHPG) and 3-18F-fluoro-p-hydroxyphenethylguanidine (18F-3F-PHPG) were developed for quantifying regional cardiac sympathetic nerve density using tracer kinetic analysis methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate their performance in cardiomyopathy patients.Methods: Eight cardiomyopathy patients selected for surgical placement of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) were scanned with 18F-4F-MHPG and 18F-3F-PHPG on different days. In addition, an 13N-ammonia scan was performed to assess regional resting perfusion. The myocardial kinetics of 18F-4F-MHPG and 18F-3F-PHPG were analyzed using the Patlak graphical method to obtain Patlak slopes Kp (mL/min/g) as quantitative metrics of regional nerve density. Polar maps of the Patlak slopes were generated to map regional nerve density and to estimate the extent of cardiac denervation. For comparison purposes, regional tracer 'retention index' (RI) values (mL blood/min/mL tissue) were also calculated and used to estimate denervation extent metrics. Polar maps of resting perfusion estimates were used to estimate the pattern and extent of hypoperfusion.Results: Patlak analysis of 18F-4F-MHPG and 18F-3F-PHPG kinetics was successful in all subjects, demonstrating the robustness of this approach in cardiomyopathy patients. Substantial regional denervation was observed in all eight subjects, ranging from 25% to 74% of the left ventricle. Denervation zones were equal to or larger than the size of corresponding areas of hypoperfusion.Conclusion: 18F-4F-MHPG and 18F-3F-PHPG provide quantitative metrics of regional sympathetic nerve density and the extent of left ventricular denervation in patients with cardiomyopathy, supporting further clinical development of these agents.Trial registration: Registered at the ClinicalTrials.gov website (NCT02669563).URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02669563
Intravenous Methylprednisolone Pulse Therapy Versus Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) In The Prevention Of Coronary Artery Disease In Children With Kawasaki Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Aslani Nahid , Raeeskarami Sayed-Reza , Aghaei-Moghadam Ehsan , Tahghighi Fatemeh , Assari Raheleh , Sadeghi Peyman , Ziaee Vahid 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundKawasaki disease (KD) is often complicated by coronary artery damage, including dilatation or aneurysms. IVIG is used with aspirin to prevent coronary artery abnormalities in KD. Since the primary treatment for other vasculitis is the use of corticosteroids, this study has been performed to evaluate the effect of intravenous pulse methylprednisolone therapy in preventing coronary artery lesions in KD.MethodA randomized, single-blind clinical trial was conducted on 40 KD patients aged 6 months to 5 years. Patients were randomized into two groups according to the main treatment plan in addition to aspirin: case group (intravenous methylprednisolone pulse for three consecutive days and then oral prednisolone for 5 days) and control group (intravenous immunoglobulin 2 gram/kg). Echocardiography was performed for all children at least 3 times, during the acute phase, two weeks, and two months later.ResultsData analysis at the end of the study was done on 40 patients (20 patients in each group). There were no significant differences in age and sex distribution, mean fever, and acute phase duration, as well as baseline echocardiography in 2 groups. The frequency of coronary artery lesion was 20% in the case group and 45% in the control group, after two weeks (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between 2 groups in types of coronary artery lesion after two weeks and the frequency and severity of coronary artery lesion after two months.ConclusionIntravenous methylprednisolone pulse as initial line therapy effectively control systemic and vascular inflammation and decrease coronary artery damage in KD.
Vectorial Association of Linearly Oriented Residua: Application to Swarm High-latitude Magnetic Field Measurements
Authors: Pick Leonie J. L. , Vogt Joachim , Blagau Adrian , Stachlys Nele 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We introduce the methodological framework VALOR for the analysis of field-aligned current (FAC) sheets based on dual-spacecraft magnetic field observations. VALOR generalizes existing approaches in two respects. First, it takes advantage of the primary observables at both spacecraft, namely, the full magnetic field vectors, instead of derived scalar quantities like single- or dual-spacecraft FAC densities. Second, rather than being restricted to linear correlation measures, VALOR allows to define a custom-made statistical measure of association between the signals at both spacecraft, that is chosen to be particularly sensitive to small-scale fluctuations for this first demonstration. Additionally, VALOR offers to consider the linear orientation of the magnetic field residual vectors, i.e., the sheets’ polarization, in order to infer their orientation and to accentuate the association measure. This paper illustrates the method on the basis of an exemplary auroral oval crossing on March 1, 2019 by the lower pair of ESA’s multi-spacecraft mission Swarm. Explicit comparisons to competing methods are performed to give credence to the results of the case study while the general capability of VALOR is demonstrated on the basis of a statistical study comprising around 9700 auroral oval crossings from 2014-2020. One suitable area of application is the analysis of meso- to small-scale (tens of km to below one km) auroral arc systems in combination with optical data from modern all-sky imagers. Conceptually, VALOR is neither bound to the auroral zone nor to Swarm and can be applied by any multi-spacecraft geospace mission with suitable instrumentation and orbit configuration.
A GIS Methodology to Determine an Average Trophic State Index at Subbasin Level in Jalisco, Mexico
Authors: Cervantes-Astorga Enrique , Gradilla-Hernández Misael-Sebastián , Aguilar-Juárez Oscar , Carrillo-Nieves Danay 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Neonatal cardiogenic shock revealing obstructive cardiac Hibernoma: case report
Authors: Gribaa Rym , Kacem Marwen , Ouannes Sami , Majdoub Wiem , Thabet Houssem , Ali Imen Ben , ElHeraiche Aymen , Slim Mehdi , Hmissa Sihem , Neffati Elyes , Cherif Taieb , Kortas Chokri , Jamli Marah , Jerbi Sofiane 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCardiac Hibernoma are very rare benign tumors and usually remain asymptomatic. Neonatal cardiogenic shock due to cardiac tumors is extremely very rare. Until this date a few cases of cardiac hibernoma have been reported in the literature.Transthoracic echocardiography help in the differential diagnosis, but the definitive diagnosis is histological. The management strategy is not clearly codified. The Aim is to report and discuss the clinical features of a cardiac Hibernoma and review the relevant literature.Case presentation We describe a case of a 2-day-old Caucasian full-term male neonate admitted in neonate intensive care with cardiogenic shock, having fluid resuscitation, inotropic drugs and ventilatory support has been started immediately with the subsequent reestablishment of normal blood pressure. Then he was transferred to the echocardiography laboratory. Transthoracic echocardiography showed two echogenic masses in the right atrium and right ventricle.The masses were extended to the pulmonary trunk . Pulmonary artery flow measurements showed the presence of pulmonary and tricuspid obstruction. Surgery was rapidly considered since the baby was hemodynamically unstable.Intraoperative evaluation showed a mass embedded in the interventricular septum that occupy the right ventricular cavity and the right atrium. The tumor involved also the chordae of the tricuspid. Partial resection was done. Tricuspid valve repair was performed by construction of new chordae from the autologous pericardium. The specimen was sent for histopathological analysis. The baby died immediately after surgery.Histological examination of the surgical specimen revealed clear multivacuolated cells filled with lipid droplets and granular intense eosinophilic cytoplasm which confirms the diagnosis of Hibernoma.ConclusionCardiac Hibernomas are rare benign tumors. The prognosis and treatment strategy is closely dependent on the location, initial clinical presentation and possible complications. The prognosis can be unfavorable if the tumor was obstructive and infiltrate the myocardium.