bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Betriebliche Ausbildungsqualität – Eine Frage der Perspektive?
Authors: Krötz Maximilian , Deutscher Viola 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungTrotz der Bedeutung der dualen Berufsausbildung für die Biografien der Absolventen sowie für die Deckung des wachsenden Fachkräftebedarfs mangelt es an multiperspektivischen Untersuchungen zur betrieblichen Ausbildungsqualität. Bisherige Studien gehen zumeist nicht über deskriptive Analysen einzelner Akteursgruppen, mehrheitlich Auszubildende, hinaus. Die wenigen multiperspektivischen Befunde indizieren dagegen, dass Qualitätseinschätzungen von Auszubildenden und Ausbildenden teils weit auseinanderliegen. Dieser Befund wird im vorliegenden Beitrag anhand von Umfragedaten (311 Auszubildende, 30 Ausbildende) auf Gruppenebene bestätigt. Zudem wird die potenzielle Bedeutung der eingenommenen Perspektive für die Modellierung von Zusammenhängen verschiedener Qualitätsdimensionen überprüft. Hierbei korreliert eine bilaterale Modellierung von Ausbildungsqualität, welche Wahrnehmungsunterschiede zwischen Auszubildenden und Ausbildenden betrachtet, signifikant stärker mit Abbruchgedanken der Auszubildenden als deren unilaterale Qualitätseinschätzung. Zudem wird gezeigt, dass bestimmte Merkmale der Auszubildenden Wahrnehmungsunterschiede der Ausbildungsqualität zwischen verschiedenen Akteuren in Teilen erklären können. Insgesamt unterstreichen die Befunde damit die Relevanz multiperspektivischer Ansätze in der Betrachtung der Ausbildungsqualität.
Introduction to Heterostructured Materials: A Fast Emerging Field
Authors: Zhu Yuntian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Strong and tough materials are desired for lightweight, energy efficient applications such as electric cars and aerospace applications. Recently, heterostructures are found to produce unprecedented strength and ductility that are considered impossible based on the materials science in our textbooks. Such superior mechanical properties are enabled by a new scientific principle: hetero-deformation-induced (HDI) strengthening and work hardening. Heterostructured (HS) materials consist of heterogeneous zones with dramatic difference (> 100 pct) in flow stresses. The inter-zone interaction produces back stress in the soft zones and forward stress in the hard zones, which collectively produces the HDI stress. HS materials possess a significant synergistic effect where the integrated property exceeds the prediction by the rule of mixtures. Importantly, HS materials can be produced by current industrial facilities at large scale and low cost. The new materials sciences and promising applications are driving the fast development of the HS materials as an emerging field. There are many fundamental issues that need to be probed so as to effectively design HS materials for superior properties. To solve these issues, it requires collaborative efforts by the communities of experimental materials science and computational material science and mechanics.
Symbiosis and the Anthropocene
Authors: Hom Erik F. Y. , Penn Alexandra S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRecent human activity has profoundly transformed Earth biomes on a scale and at rates that are unprecedented. Given the central role of symbioses in ecosystem processes, functions, and services throughout the Earth biosphere, the impacts of human-driven change on symbioses are critical to understand. Symbioses are not merely collections of organisms, but co-evolved partners that arise from the synergistic combination and action of different genetic programs. They function with varying degrees of permanence and selection as emergent units with substantial potential for combinatorial and evolutionary innovation in both structure and function. Following an articulation of operational definitions of symbiosis and related concepts and characteristics of the Anthropocene, we outline a basic typology of anthropogenic change (AC) and a conceptual framework for how AC might mechanistically impact symbioses with select case examples to highlight our perspective. We discuss surprising connections between symbiosis and the Anthropocene, suggesting ways in which new symbioses could arise due to AC, how symbioses could be agents of ecosystem change, and how symbioses, broadly defined, of humans and “farmed” organisms may have launched the Anthropocene. We conclude with reflections on the robustness of symbioses to AC and our perspective on the importance of symbioses as ecosystem keystones and the need to tackle anthropogenic challenges as wise and humble stewards embedded within the system.
Application of regression methods for classification of sewers’ damages
Authors: Kutyłowska Małgorzata , Kowalski Dariusz 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe paper presents possibilities of application of selected regression methods (classification trees, support vector machines, K-nearest neighbours, artificial networks) for classification of sewers’ damages. Operational data from the time span 2006–2011 obtained from water utility were used for deterioration analysis. On the basis of the following independent variables, the modelling was carried out: diameter, depth, year of construction, material and season of damage’s occurring. The following kinds of damages were classified: corrosion, crack, longitudinal crack, displacement, unsealing, failure, collapse. The main aim of the paper was to check if prediction methodology could be useful for classification of different kinds of sewers’ damages. The obtained results pointed out that proposed classification methods are not appropriable in quality analysis of registered damages of sewers. Moreover, it is recommended for water and sewerage companies to register types of failures using unified notation which make easier preliminary classification before applying modelling approach. The calculations were performed in Statistica 13.1 software.
Analysis of the influence of rapid filter cycle interruption on filtrate quality
Authors: Zielina M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe article presents research carried out on a sand/anthracite filter in a water treatment plant in Cracow in the south of Poland. These studies show that shutting down the filter after only three hours of operation, setting it aside for four hours and restarting without backwashing did not cause any visible deterioration in the quality of the produced filtrate. Stopping the same filter for four hours, however, after 68 h of operation, visible deterioration in the quality of the filtrate can be observed. After a significant initial deterioration, the quality of the filtrate slowly improved and after a few hours, it reached a level comparable to that before the filter was taken out of service. This was probably the result of characteristic changes in shear stress at the boundary of the deposit and flowing water in the capillaries, which accompanied changes of filtration rate. Decrease in the removal efficiency of coarser particles lasted longer and was greater than that of finer particles. Decrease in particle removal efficiency after restarting the dirty filter was difficult to identify by turbidity measurements, but clearly identifiable by measuring suspended solid concentration and the number of coarser particles. Interrupting the operation of a rapid filter shortly after it has been backwashed should not significantly reduce its efficiency, but after prolonged operation, it may adversely affect the quality of the filtrate.
Engineering of 2D nanomaterials to trap and kill SARS-CoV-2: a new insight from multi-microsecond atomistic simulations
Authors: Khedri Mohammad , Maleki Reza , Dahri Mohammad , Sadeghi Mohammad Moein , Rezvantalab Sima , Santos Hélder A. , Shahbazi Mohammad-Ali 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn late 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Spike protein is one of the surface proteins of SARS-CoV-2 that is essential for its infectious function. Therefore, it received lots of attention for the preparation of antiviral drugs, vaccines, and diagnostic tools. In the current study, we use computational methods of chemistry and biology to study the interaction between spike protein and its receptor in the body, angiotensin-I-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2). Additionally, the possible interaction of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, including graphene, bismuthene, phosphorene, p-doped graphene, and functionalized p-doped graphene, with spike protein is investigated. The functionalized p-doped graphene nanomaterials were found to interfere with spike protein better than the other tested nanomaterials. In addition, the interaction of the proposed nanomaterials with the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 was studied. Functionalized p-doped graphene nanomaterials showed more capacity to prevent the activity of Mpro. These 2D nanomaterials efficiently reduce the transmissibility and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 by both the deformation of the spike protein and inhibiting the Mpro. The results suggest the potential use of 2D nanomaterials in a variety of prophylactic approaches, such as masks or surface coatings, and would deserve further studies in the coming years.Graphical abstract
Update van sacrale neuromodulatie voor functiestoornissen van de lage urinewegen
Authors: Janssen Janine M. W. , Heesakkers John P. F. A. , van Koeveringe Gommert A. , Vrijens Desiree M. J. , Smits Martijn A. C. 
Published: September 2021

SamenvattingSacrale neuromodulatie (SNM) wordt sinds de jaren 90 van de vorige eeuw toegepast als behandeling voor therapieresistente overactieve blaas of niet-obstructieve urineretentie. In dit artikel wordt het neuromodulatiesysteem, de indicaties en het werkingsmechanisme toegelicht aan de hand van de huidige inzichten en recente publicaties. Tevens worden de nieuwe ontwikkelingen op het gebied van operatietechniek, beleid rond de ingreep en het technisch aspect besproken.
Aging investigations and consideration for automotive high power lithium-ion batteries in a 48 V mild hybrid operating strategy
Authors: Geringer D. , Hofmann P. , Girard J. , Trunner E. , Knefel W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper focuses on the battery aging of automotive high power lithium-ion batteries intended for 48 V mild hybrid systems. Due to a long vehicle lifetime, battery aging is of high importance, and its consideration within a hybrid system is crucial to ensure a sufficient lifetime for the battery. At the moment, only a few aging investigations and models specifically for automotive high power cells are available. Consequently, all present aging consideration methods are based on the few published aging models focusing on consumer cells. This paper describes the development of an aging model for automotive high power cells and the integration into a mild hybrid operating strategy to actively control the battery aging process during its operation. The underlying aging investigations of high-power battery cells are shown to analyze the main influences of temperature, state of charge, and C-rate. These tests are used to develop the aging model, capable of considering the main influences on the aging process. Based on this model and all gained insights, different methods for considering battery aging in a mild hybrid system are investigated. The goal is to control the aging process during operation and consequently decrease the negative influence. Two active intervention methods are developed and integrated into a 48 V mild hybrid operating strategy to validate their potential. It is possible to control the aging process and at the same time to use the insights for improving the basic hybrid powertrain design regarding reduced aging and battery costs.
A computational fluid dynamic-based method for analyzing the nonlinear relationship between windage loss and pressure in a geotechnical centrifuge
Authors: Guo Yi-Nan , Yang Yi , Yu Jun-Xiang , Ding De , Wang Ya-Lin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTemperature control is an important limitation to further increase in geotechnical centrifuge power. Although vacuum pumps can reduce windage loss, they also negatively affect heat transfer performance. Therefore, in this study, we aim to accurately determine the rate at which windage loss decreases with pressure to help assess whether reducing pressure is beneficial to temperature control. A computational fluid dynamic method based on the multi-reference model and k–ω shear-stress transport turbulence model is used to simulate the ZJU400gt geotechnical centrifuge. The windage loss and temperature of ZJU400 at 0–150 gravity acceleration under normal pressure conditions are simulated. Compared with the experimental data, the error is < 20.7%, indicating simulation reliability. Furthermore, the simulation model is used to simulate the windage loss power under low-pressure conditions and predict the relationship between the windage loss power and pressure. Compared with current calculation methods, which yield a linear relationship between windage loss and operating pressure, the simulation results indicate a slightly nonlinear relationship. At 5,000 Pa, the simulated windage loss is 40% larger than the calculated value, severely affecting the temperature control design. Moreover, the velocity exhibits minimal variation with pressure, whereas the effective kinematic viscosity varies substantially. The nonlinear relationship between the windage loss and pressure can be attributed to increased turbulent kinetic energy and the size of the wake region caused by vacuum pumping. A formula for nonlinear windage loss with pressure is proposed, providing a basis for the future design of super-gravity geotechnical centrifuges.
AENO: a Novel Reconstruction Method in Conjunction with ADER Schemes for Hyperbolic Equations
Authors: Toro Eleuterio F. , Santacá Andrea , Montecinos Gino I. , Celant Morena , Müller Lucas O. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we present a novel spatial reconstruction scheme, called AENO, that results from a special averaging of the ENO polynomial and its closest neighbour, while retaining the stencil direction decided by the ENO choice. A variant of the scheme, called m-AENO, results from averaging the modified ENO (m-ENO) polynomial and its closest neighbour. The concept is thoroughly assessed for the one-dimensional linear advection equation and for a one-dimensional non-linear hyperbolic system, in conjunction with the fully discrete, high-order ADER approach implemented up to fifth order of accuracy in both space and time. The results, as compared to the conventional ENO, m-ENO and WENO schemes, are very encouraging. Surprisingly, our results show that the $$L_{1}$$

L
1

-errors of the novel AENO approach are the smallest for most cases considered. Crucially, for a chosen error size, AENO turns out to be the most efficient method of all five methods tested.
The Role of Micronutrients to Support Immunity for COVID-19 Prevention
Authors: Ahmed Mukhtar H. , Hassan Arez , Molnár Judit 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe World Health Organization declared the novel coronavirus, named as SARS-CoV-2, as a global pandemic in early 2020 after the disease spread to more than 180 countries leading to tens of thousands of cases and many deaths within a couple of months. Consequently, this paper aims to summarize the evidence for the relationships between nutrition and the boosting of the immune system in the fight against the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. This review, in particular, assesses the impact of vitamin and mineral supplements on the body’s defence mechanisms against SARS-CoV-2. The results revealed that there is a strong relationship between the ingestion of biological ingredients like vitamins C–E, and minerals such as zinc, and a reduction in the effects of coronavirus infection. These can be received from either nutrition rich food sources or from vitamin supplements. Furthermore, these macromolecules might have roles to play in boosting the immune response, in the healing process and the recovery time. Hence, we recommend that eating healthy foods rich in vitamins C–E with zinc and flavonoids could boost the immune system and consequently protect the body from serious infections.Graphical Abstract
Genome of the Giant Panda Roundworm Illuminates Its Host Shift and Parasitic Adaptation
Authors: Xie Yue , Wang Sen , Wu Shuangyang , Gao Shenghan , Meng Qingshu , Wang Chengdong , Lan Jingchao , Luo Li , Zhou Xuan , Xu Jing , Gu Xiaobin , He Ran , Yang Zijiang , Peng Xuerong , Hu Songnian , Yang Guangyou 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Baylisascaris schroederi, a roundworm (ascaridoid) parasite specific to the bamboo-feeding giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), represents a leading cause of mortality in wild giant panda populations. Here, we present a 293-megabase chromosome-level genome assembly of B. schroederi to infer its biology, including host adaptations. Comparative genomics revealed an evolutionary trajectory accompanied by host-shift events in ascaridoid parasite lineages after host separations, suggesting their potential for transmission and rapid adaptation to new hosts. Genomic and anatomical lines of evidence, including expansion and positive selection of genes related to the cuticle and basal metabolisms, indicate that B. schroederi undergoes specific adaptations to survive in the sharp-edged bamboo-enriched gut of giant pandas by structurally increasing its cuticle thickness and efficiently utilizing host nutrients through gut parasitism. Additionally, we characterized the secretome of B. schroederi and predicted potential drug and vaccine targets for new control strategies. Overall, this genome resource provides new insights into the host adaptation of B. schroederi to the giant panda as well as the host-shift events in ascaridoid parasite lineages. Our findings on the unique biology of B. schroederi will also aid in the development of prevention and treatment measures to protect giant panda populations from roundworm parasitism.
A qualitative study of patients’ experiences and acceptance of computerised cognitive behavioural therapy in primary care, Scotland
Authors: Du Eliane , Quayle Ethel , Macleod Hamish 
Published: September 2021

AbstractComputerised cognitive behavioural therapy (CCBT) has been made available within the National Health Service (NHS) across Scotland as an alternative treatment for mild to moderate anxiety and depression. However, the provision of CCBT services is still limited in the NHS, possibly affecting delivery of this computer-aided therapy to patients and inhibiting acceptance and uptake of this intervention. This paper reports on the qualitative exploration of patients’ experiences and acceptance of one CCBT programme delivering computer-assisted therapy (Beating the Blues: BTB), examining particularly the point of referral, access to treatment, and support. Thematic analysis was conducted on semi-structured face-to-face and email interviews with 33 patients at different NHS organisations across Scotland. Data analysis generated six key themes which illustrated patients’ experiences relating to referral and access to the treatment, and the challenges they faced: (1) information dissemination; (2) expectations and the impact of waiting for BTB; (3) impact of locations on experience of BTB; (4) preference for home access; (5) desire for better human support; and (6) desire for additional application support features. The findings highlighted that better methods of implementing and delivering such CCBT services together with the design of the technological interventions are vital to the success of these services.Key learning aims(1)To understand the service models and methods of implementing and delivering one CCBT programme (BTB) in routine care;(2)To learn about user experiences of accessing and using BTB; and(3)To learn about the implications and factors that might have influenced uptake and understand the implications.
Understanding the Total Electron Content Variability Over Europe During 2009 and 2019 SSWs
Authors: Siddiqui T. A. , Yamazaki Y. , Stolle C. , Maute A. , Laštovička J. , Edemskiy I. K. , Mošna Z. , Sivakandan M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe nature of the variability of the Total Electron Content (TEC) over Europe is investigated during 2009 and 2019 Northern Hemisphere (NH) SSW events in this study by using a combination of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) based TEC observations and Thermosphere‐Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIE‐GCM) simulations. To simulate the SSW effects in TIE‐GCM, the dynamical fields from the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere and ionosphere extension (WACCM‐X) simulations of 2009 and 2019 SSWs are specified at the TIE‐GCM lower boundary. The observed and simulated TEC are in overall good agreement and therefore the simulations are used to understand the sources of mid‐latitude TEC variability during both SSWs. Through comparison of TIE‐GCM simulations with and without geomagnetic forcing, we find that the TEC variability during the 2019 SSW event, was predominantly geomagnetically forced, while for the 2009 SSW, the major variability in TEC was accounted for by the changes in vertically propagating migrating semidiurnal solar (SW2) and lunar (M2) tides. By comparing the TIE‐GCM simulations with and without the SW2 and M2 tides, we find that these semidiurnal tides contribute to 20%–25% increase in the quiet background TEC.
Machine Learning Reveals Source Compositions of Intraplate Basaltic Rocks
Authors: Guo Peng , Yang Ting , Xu Wen‐Liang , Chen Bin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRecycling of crustal material is thought to introduce pyroxenite to the peridotite mantle. Mapping such lithological heterogeneity within the mantle is crucial to understanding the mantle's chemical evolution but remains challenging. By sampling the mantle source, intraplate basaltic melts provide a unique chance to reveal lithological heterogeneity within the mantle. We train machine learning (ML) models with major oxide data of experimental peridotite and pyroxenite melts to help reveal the mantle source lithology of basaltic rocks. The ML models can predict source lithologies from major oxide information with an accuracy larger than 94%. As a case study, we predict source lithology of the Cenozoic intraplate basaltic rocks in Northeast China. Our ML models suggest that pyroxenite dominates the mantle source of basaltic rocks sitting above the stagnant Pacific slab while peridotite dominates the source of the basaltic rocks located west of the slab tip, consistent with previous studies using other approaches. Our ML models could potentially be used to infer mantle source lithologies of basaltic rocks from other regions around the world.