bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
20 THE INTERVENTION EFFECT OF TOURISM ACTIVITIES ON THE SOCIAL FUNCTION RECOVERY OF PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: Gao Fang , Huang* Peng , Chen Chi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder, and although drug therapy and psychological intervention have made some progress, the recovery of patients’ social function remains one of the difficulties in treatment. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have shown that tourism activities may become a novel and effective intervention method due to their multidimensional social interactions, emotional experiences, and environmental stimuli. Research and explore the intervention effect of tourism activities on the social function recovery of patients with schizophrenia, in order to provide scientific basis for intervention strategies in this field.

Methods
The study adopted a randomized controlled design and selected 100 patients with schizophrenia in the recovery period with a disease course of more than 2 years. They were randomly divided into an experimental group (n=50) and a control group (n=50). Both groups received conventional drug therapy and psychological intervention for 12 weeks, and the experimental group received an additional group travel activity once every two weeks for two days, a total of six times. Tourism activities include natural landscape viewing, cultural site visits and team work activities. Social functional impairment screening scale, positive and negative symptom scale and subjective well-being scale were used to evaluate the patients before and after the activity. SPSS 25.0 was used for statistical analysis.

Results
The effect of social function recovery in patients with schizophrenia is shown in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, after the intervention, the social functional impairment screening score of the experimental group decreased significantly, from 8.7±2.4 before the intervention to 5.3±1.6, while that of the control group changed little, from 8.6±2.2 to 6.8±1.9, with statistical significance between groups (P&lt;0.01). The positive and negative symptom scores showed that the negative symptoms of the experimental group improved more significantly, from 46.2±7.5 to 31.5±5.8, and from 45.8±7.8 to 38.7±6.5 in the control group, the difference was significant (P&lt;0.01). In addition, the patients’ subjective well-being score showed a significant improvement in the experimental group, from 14.5±3.2 to 21.7±3.6 before the intervention, while the control group only increased from 14.3±3.1 to 17.8±3.4.

Discussion
The results show that tourism activities have significant intervention effects in improving the social function, relieving negative symptoms and enhancing subjective well-being of patients with schizophrenia. In addition, tourism activities can effectively improve patients’ participation enthusiasm and make them more willing to communicate with others, forming a virtuous circle. The research brings a new therapeutic idea for the treatment of schizophrenia patients.

Funding
No. BXLBX0932.
24 THE IMPROVEMENT OF STUDENTS’ ANXIETY AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS THROUGH THE COMBINATION OF ANTIDEPRESSANT MEDICATION AND ART COLOR TEACHING
Authors: Zhou* Bojie , Qin Fuqiang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The incidence of anxiety and depression symptoms in adolescents is constantly increasing. Although antidepressants can alleviate symptoms to some extent, they also come with side effects and dependency issues. Art color teaching, as an art therapy, provides individuals with a way to express emotions and stress through color and creative activities. Therefore, the study aims to explore the intervention effect of combining antidepressant drugs with art color teaching on improving students’ anxiety and depression symptoms.

Methods
The study selected 60 students from a certain middle school with anxiety and depression as the research subjects, aged between 15-19 years old. The study randomly divided patients into an experimental group and a control group, with 30 people in each group. The experimental group adopted a fusion intervention method of antidepressant medication combined with art color teaching, while the control group received conventional antidepressant medication treatment intervention. The intervention treatment period for the two groups was 5 months. Before and after the intervention, the Self Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Self Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) were used as evaluation tools for adolescents.

Results
During the treatment period, the SDS and SAS scores of patients in the experimental and control groups are shown in Table 1. According to Table 1, it can be seen that the experimental group showed significant improvement in SDS and SAS scale scores compared to the control group. The SDS score of the experiment before intervention was 56.13 ± 2.326 points, and after intervention, the score decreased to 51.13 ± 2.167 points, with a statistically significant difference between the two (P&lt;0.05). In addition, the SAS score of the experimental group was 52.40 ± 1.352 points before intervention, and the score value decreased to 49.00 ± 1.512 points after intervention, indicating that there was also a statistical difference in SAS score before and after intervention (P&lt;0.05). Based on the comprehensive comparison of the data in Table 1, it can be concluded that the scores of various scales in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group.

Discussion
The research results indicate that the integrated intervention method of using antidepressants combined with art color teaching has significant intervention and treatment effects on middle school students with depression and anxiety disorders. Compared to traditional drug therapy, combining art color teaching provides a supplementary method of non-drug therapy. This integrated intervention approach can not only improve treatment effectiveness, but also promote the recovery of patients’ social functions, which has important practical significance for improving patients’ quality of life.
58 EFFECT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL EDUCATION ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION IMPROVEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: Qi Meiqi , Yao Xichang , Jin* Ge 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Patients with schizophrenia often show significant cognitive deficits in the course of the disease, including impairment of attention, memory, executive function and language ability, which significantly affect the quality of life and social function of patients. In recent years, psychological education has been widely used as an auxiliary intervention to improve the cognitive function of patients with schizophrenia. In order to better treat schizophrenic patients, the study analyzed the effect of psychological education on improving cognitive function of schizophrenic patients

Methods
Randomized controlled trial design was used in this study, and two experimental stages were set up: baseline assessment and intervention experiment. An intervention group and a control group with 40 participants were randomly divided. The control group received only conventional medication and regular psychiatric outpatient visits. The intervention group received a 12-week psycho-educational course and was divided into three intervention phases. The first stage is 1-4 weeks and includes cognitive education and functional assessment feedback. The second phase is five to eight weeks and involves training in specific cognitive skills, including attention, memory and language skills. The third stage is 9-12 weeks and involves emotion management and social function enhancement. SPSS 24.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the data, independent sample T-test was used to compare the differences between the two groups, and paired sample T-test was used to evaluate the changes before and after intervention in the group, and the significance level was set at P&lt;0.05.

Results
There was no significant difference in baseline cognitive function between the intervention group and the control group (P&gt;0.05). The effect of intervention is shown in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the total score of Wexler Adult Intelligence Scale increased by 15.8% (from 78.4±6.5 to 90.7±7.2, P&lt;0.001) in the intervention group and only 3.5% (from 77.9±6.8 to 80.6±6.7, P&gt;0.05) in the control group. In the Wisconsin card classification test, the intervention group increased from 12.6±4.2 to 19.3±4.5 (P&lt;0.001), and the control group only increased from 12.3±4.1 to 13.1±4.3 (P&gt;0.05).

Discussion
Our findings suggest that psychoeducational interventions can significantly improve cognitive function, especially attention, memory and executive function, in patients with schizophrenia. Compared with drug therapy alone, psychoeducation provides a more comprehensive functional recovery program through the combination of cognitive skill training and emotional management. This study provides a feasible scheme for the comprehensive management of schizophrenia.

Funding
No. 242400410379.
103 EFFECT OF EARLY INTERVENTION FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA MODERN LITERATURE RESEARCH
Authors: Pan Gonglingzi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Schizophrenia, as a common mental illness, usually shows relatively hidden symptoms in the early stage, which makes timely intervention particularly important. As an art form rich in emotional expression and cognitive inspiration, modern literature has gradually attracted attention in mental health intervention. The study aims to explore the effect of modern literature on early intervention of schizophrenia, especially its potential in alleviating symptoms, improving cognitive function and emotional expression.

Methods
The study selected 80 early schizophrenia patients and randomly divided them into an experimental group and a control group, with 40 people in each group. The experimental group received a 12-week modern literature intervention, which included reading, analyzing and discussing literary works, focusing on emotional resonance, cognitive inspiration and self-expression. The control group continued to receive conventional drug treatment and psychological intervention. The study used the Emotional Disorder Scale (EDS) and the Cognitive Function Scale (CFS) to evaluate the patients before and after, and the Clinical Symptoms Scale (CSS) was used to evaluate the improvement of symptoms.

Results
The results showed that modern literature intervention significantly improved the emotional cognition, positive symptoms, negative symptoms and thought disorder of the patients in the experimental group. Specific data are shown in Table 1.
As can be seen from Table 1, the experimental group showed significant improvement in all aspects. The positive symptom score dropped from 31.3 to 22.1, an improvement of 9.2 points (P &lt; 0.05). The negative symptom score dropped from 30.2 to 19.6, an improvement of 10.6 points (P &lt; 0.05). The cognitive function score increased from 56.9 to 72.4, with an improvement of 15.5 points (P &lt; 0.05). The emotional cognition score dropped from 38.5 to 26.1, an improvement of 12.4 points (P &lt; 0.05). In the control group, the improvements in various indicators were smaller. The improvements in positive symptoms, negative symptoms, cognitive function scores, and emotional cognition were only 2.2 points, 0.5 points, 0.8 points, and 1.2 points respectively, none of which reached statistical significance.

Discussion
Studies have shown that modern literary intervention improves emotional cognition, positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and thought disorders in patients with schizophrenia, and effectively enhances cognitive function. This intervention method can help patients better express emotions, understand others, and improve their thinking and cognitive abilities. Future research can further explore the differences in the intervention effects of different types of literary works on patients with schizophrenia, and provide a more personalized and diversified treatment model for the early intervention of schizophrenia.

Funding
No. 20BZW003.
An external design on performance improvement of the transition windbreak wall between an embankment and a hill cut along the high-speed railway
Authors: Zhang Jie , Huang Fengyi , Liu Tianchen , Xu Ao , Li Yichao , Ji Peng , Liu Tanghong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The embankment and hill cut are conventional infrastructure scenarios along the railway line in windy regions. The windbreak walls with the same height are separately installed on them to guarantee the safety of train operation. However, due to the realistic terrain, the distances of windbreak walls on embankment and hill cut from the railway centerline are not the same, generating a windbreak wall transition and causing a sudden change of the windproof performance, which contributes to the called “yawing” phenomenon when the train passing through the specified windbreak transition. The current study aims to predict the flow characteristics around the existing right-angled windbreak wall, three preliminary designs and four local improvement designs at the transition connecting the embankment and the hill cut along the high-speed railway. The detached-eddy simulation (DES) method with the realizable k−ε turbulence model was used, while the contour lines were applied to generate the realistic terrain. The velocity distributions in the existing windbreak wall transition present a fast change from the large negative value (i.e., −0.16U on windward line (WWL) and −0.20U on leeward line (LWL)) to the positive value (i.e., 0.47U on windward line and 0.42U on leeward line) within the distance of 10h. The different locations of windbreak walls on the embankment and hill cut create a rectangular discontinuous transition. The consistency of the windproof performance is destroyed at the windbreak wall transition, resulting in a sudden gust on the railway lines. A preliminary design idea coming from the hypotenuse in a right triangle was proposed to smooth the transition from the windbreak on the cut to that on the embankment. Three included angles were discussed, and the 30° scheme shows the best shielding performance, achieving about 46% reduction on the peak-to-peak value on the WWL and 32% on the LWL at the middle height of the train. However, the positive peaks are still observed. On this 30° scheme, four local improvement designs are attempted to further smooth the velocity distributions. The best design that meets three wind directions can achieve about 80% reduction of peak-to-peak values. All achievements can provide a reference for the design of windbreak walls at different transitions and improve the safety of train operation under strong winds.
Levosimendan improves central haemodynamic status and gas exchange in a model of ischaemic cardiac arrest
Authors: Rysz Susanne , Al-Saadi Jonathan , Campoccia Jalde Francesca , Nyman Jesper , Lundberg Johan , Jonsson Fagerlund Malin , Djärv Therese 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND
Ischaemic cardiac arrest has poor survival. In an earlier animal study, we have shown that levosimendan increases the return of spontaneous circulation and survival compared with placebo. However, the impact of levosimendan on central cardiovascular variables and gas exchange during resuscitation in ischaemic cardiac arrest is unknown.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate levosimendan's dose–response effect on central cardiovascular variables and gas exchange in an established swine cardiac arrest model.

DESIGN
A large animal study.

SETTING
Animal study with Swedish landrace pigs at Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.

INTERVENTION
Ten swine underwent induced acute myocardial infarction and ventricular fibrillation. Levosimendan (62.5 μg kg−1) was administered during resuscitation, and immediate outcomes were compared with low dose levosimendan (12 μg kg−1, n
= 12) or placebo (n
= 12) from earlier experiments using the same model.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Haemodynamic and gas exchange variables during resuscitation. Time to and proportion of return to spontaneous circulation.

RESULTS
High-dose levosimendan improved gas exchange, with better arterial O2 and CO2 levels (P < 0.01), reduced systolic pulmonary arterial pressure, central venous pressure and vasopressor support with adrenaline after return to spontaneous circulation compared with low dose and placebo (P = 0.01). All animals in both levosimendan groups achieved return to spontaneous circulation compared with 67% in the placebo group (P = 0.02). Median [IQR] time to return of spontaneous circulation was 15 min [12 to 18] for high dose 17 min [15 to 26] for low dose compared with 23 min [15 to 60] for placebo (P = 0.08).

CONCLUSIONS
Levosimendan enhances key resuscitation outcomes in the immediate period of ischaemic cardiac arrest, promoting its potential as an effective pharmacological intervention. With an apparent dose-dependent reduction in right ventricular afterload and subsequent improvement in gas exchange, we cautiously propose that levosimendan-induced pulmonary vasodilation alleviates right heart strain and improves interventricular dependency, thereby enhancing the likelihood of return of spontaneous circulation.
Subtherapeutic Meropenem Antibiotic Exposure in Children With Septic Shock Assessed by Noncompartmental Pharmacokinetic Analysis in a Prospective Dataset
Authors: Bradley John S. , Harvey Helen , Stout Dayna , Momper Jeremiah , Capparelli Edmund , Avedissian Sean N. , Barbato Courtney , Mak Robert H. , Jones Tom P. , Jones Douglas , Le Jennifer 
Published: February 2025

Objectives:
To define meropenem plasma concentrations and pharmacodynamic exposure metrics in children with septic shock during the first 3 days of PICU hospitalization.

Design:
Pharmacokinetic sampling was undertaken in 19 subjects receiving standard meropenem dosing (20 mg/kg/dose, 8 hr) recruited from March 2019 to March 2022. Sampling occurred once each day following meropenem given 24 hours apart, during the first 3 PICU days. Data analysis was completed in 2023 and noncompartmental analysis was performed to assess pharmacodynamic exposure targets for sepsis. Clearance and volume of distribution at 20 mg/kg/dose were used to simulate mean exposures at 40 and 60 mg/kg/dose.

Setting:
PICU in a tertiary care center.

Subjects:
Patients 4 weeks old or older with hypotension requiring fluid resuscitation and vasopressor therapy, receiving meropenem as empiric therapy for sepsis.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Augmented renal clearance (ARC) was documented in eight of 19 subjects, previously associated with subtherapeutic plasma concentrations, while three of 19 had acute kidney injury and decreased renal clearance. When assessed by pharmacodynamic exposure targets for sepsis (plasma meropenem concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] of Pseudomonas aeruginosa for 70% or 100% of the dosing interval), ten of 19 and nine of 19 children, respectively, had subtherapeutic plasma meropenem exposures during PICU day 1, even for pathogens with an MIC considered “susceptible” by U.S. Food and Drug Administration criteria. Therapeutic meropenem pharmacodynamic exposures were associated with a positive 24-hour fluid balance on PICU day 1 and a negative 24-hour fluid balance by day 3, although profound variability was noted in fluid administered and renal output.

Conclusions:
Given the variability in meropenem systemic exposure in pediatric septic shock, therapeutic drug monitoring, or monitoring for ARC, is suggested during the first days of hospitalization to allow daily assessments of dosing needs to achieve pharmacodynamic exposure targets for sepsis.
Comparing Harm Reduction Vending Machines and In-Person Overdose Prevention Services in Practice: A Case Study From Rhode Island
Authors: Shaw Leah C. , Brown Erin A. , Creegan Emma , Bertrand Thomas E. , Ogundare Sarah , Park Carolyn J. , Berk Justin , Chan Philip A. , Marshall Brandon D. L. 
Published: February 2025

Objective:
Improved harm reduction approaches are needed to address the ongoing opioid epidemic in the United States. The study aimed to evaluate the statewide implementation of harm reduction vending machines (HRVMs) and existing in-person harm reduction services.

Design:
We analyzed 2 years of data from in-person harm reduction encounters and an HRVM pilot program between January 1, 2022, and December 31, 2023.

Setting:
Rhode Island.

Participants:
This analysis compared unique persons served, total encounters, types of products dispensed, and time and day of transaction (weekday vs weekend) for in-person services provided by state-funded community organizations and the HRVMs in operation during the pilot program.

Main Outcome Measures:
At each encounter, the date, location, sociodemographic information, and product(s) dispensed were recorded, among other information for both in-person and HRVM services.

Results:
Over 15 000 people accessed in-person and HRVM services during the 2-year study period (N = 15 267 in-person; N = 485 HRVM or both). Overall, 38% were female, and 64% were white and non-Hispanic. People who frequented the HRVMs tended to be an average of 5 years younger (P< .001). Twenty-eight percent of HRVM encounters happened over the weekend, while only 2% of in-person encounters occurred during this time. Notably, 29% of HRVM encounters occurred overnight or during the early morning hours. Safer injection kits, safer smoking kits, and naloxone kits were the 3 most common products dispensed during in-person encounters, with 68% of encounters also supplying basic needs like water, snacks, and clothing. Safer injection kits represented 89% of products dispensed by the HRVMs.

Conclusions:
HRVMs are a feasible method of distributing harm reduction supplies as a complement to in-person services. HRVMs could complement other services already offered in many communities. Around-the-clock access is a key component of effective HRVMs.
A Framework for Managing Moral Challenges Related to Health Policy for the Surgeon
Authors: Mannava Sindhu V , Shakhsheer Baddr A , Statter Mindy , Perrone Erin E , Brandt Mary L , Stehr Wolfgang , Knod J Leslie , Buchmiller Terry L , Henry Marion C , Berdan Elizabeth A , Hu Yue-Yung , Gow Kenneth W , Baerg Joanne 
Published: February 2025

Summary:
Surgeons of all specialties are impacted by health policies, primarily written and executed by non-medical parties. The sequelae of policy change may limit the patient-physician relationship across numerous surgical disciplines, including general and acute care surgery, obstetrics and gynecologic surgery, pediatric and fetal surgery, and others. The discordance between a surgeon’s imperative to provide excellent patient care and legislative limitations that hinder patient care can impact surgeon wellness, career longevity, and attrition as well as reduce access and outcomes for patients, across specialties. Limited literature addresses this presage to physician wellness and patient outcomes. Combatting moral distress requires a framework which considers a multifactorial approach including open communication and respect among colleagues, free discussion of challenges related to health policy, resources for coaching and therapeutic counseling, and organizational actions promoting surgeon wellness. In this paper, we present strategies, curated and executed by our subspecialty advocacy group, for navigating moral challenges secondary to health policy. This framework may be implemented across specialties to promote discussion of controversial or difficult topics in the professional setting and help prevent distress and attrition.