bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Connaissances, attitudes et pratiques du personnel soignant sur l’hépatite virale B au Centre Hospitalier Régional Lomé Commune en 2018
Authors: Bawe LD , Agbéko F , Kotosso A , Némi KD , Abaltou B , Moukaïla AR , Al Et. 
Published: July 2021

Objectifs: Décrire les connaissances, attitudes et pratiques du personnel soignant du Centre Hospitalier Régional Lomé Commune par rapport au risque de contamination etcomplications de l’hépatite viral B.
Patients et méthodes : Il s’est agi d’une étude transversale, descriptive à visée analytique de type Connaissances, Attitudes et Pratiques qui s’est déroulée au Centre Hospitalier Régional Lomé Commune.
Résultats : Le taux de participation à cette enquête était de 76% avec une prédominance masculine 50,68%). Les catégories professionnelles les plus représentées étaient les techniciens supérieurs de santé (32,2%), les infirmiers (28,1%) et les sages-femmes (17,8%) avec une moyenne d’âge de 36 ans (25-59 ans). L’étiologie virale de l’hépatite B était connue dans 96,6% des cas et les voies de transmission sanguine, sexuelle et mère-enfant ont été citées dans respectivement 94,52%, 78,08% et 74,66%. Les médecins maîtrisaient de façon significative les signes évocateurs de l’hépatite virale B que les sages-femmes et les infirmiers (p = 0,019). Le ténofovir était connu dans 52,7% comme molécule utilisée dans le traitement de l’hépatite B et la vaccination a été évoquée comme moyen de prévention dans 98,63%. Seulement un tiers des enquêtés (36,99%) demandaient la sérologie de l’hépatite virale Ben cas d’accident d’exposition au sang. Le taux de couverture vaccinale du personnel soignant était de 65,10%. Les niveaux de connaissances, d’attitudes et de pratiques étaient significativement meilleurs chez les sages-femmes (p<0,005).
Conclusion : La faible couverture vaccinale du personnel soignant impose des actions de formations continues et de sensibilisation couplées d’une subvention de vaccination.
Séroprévalence et évolution de la sérologie toxoplasmique chez les transplantés rénaux, hépatiques et greffés de moelle osseuse
Authors: Guechi N , Ghaffor Y , Oukachbi S , Hamrioui B 
Published: July 2021

Objectifs : Le but de notre étude était d’évaluer la séroprévalence ainsi que le risque de toxoplasmose aiguë chez des patients qui ont subi une transplantation rénale, hépatique ou une greffe de moelle osseuse.
Patients et méthode : Une étude prospective a été menée du 01 Janvier 1999 à Décembre 201.Les sérologies toxoplasmiques ont été réalisées à partir des sérums de 888 patients (444 couples donneurs/receveurs) au niveau du laboratoire de Parasitologie -Mycologie du CHU Mustapha d'Alger par la technique immunoenzymatique ELISA (358 candidats à la transplantation rénale, 69 à la greffe de moelle osseuse, 17 à la transplantation hépatique).
Résultats: La séroprévalence globale était de 54,5%.81 receveurs de transplantation rénale ont été transplantés et avaient des sérologies régulières de toxoplasmose :45 étaient séropositifs et 36 séronégatifs avant la transplantation ; aucune toxoplasmose aiguë n'a été observée chez les 36 patients séronégatif et aucune réactivation chez les 45 autres séropositifs après la transplantation .17 receveurs de transplantation hépatique ont été transplantés et avaient des sérologies régulières de toxoplasmose:5 était séropositifs et 5 séronégatif avant la transplantation; aucune toxoplasmose aiguë n'a été observée chez les 5 patients séronégatifs et aucune réactivation chez les 5 autres séropositifs après la transplantation . Pour les greffés de moelle osseuse, pour des raisons pratiques, le suivi sérologique n’a pu être effectué.
Conclusion: La surveillance sérologique chez les transplantés reste nécessaire surtout chez les séronégatifs. II est important de connaître la sérologie du receveur avant la transplantation et si possible celle du donneur afin d’interpréter plus facilement toute modification. Cette surveillance doit être très régulière pour permettre le diagnostic rapide d'une toxoplasmose évolutive.
Profil Microbiologique, Sensibilité Aux Antimicrobiens Et Résultat Du Traitement Des Abcès De Cornée Au CHU-IOTA
Authors: Elien GYRR , Bakayoko S , Simaga AS , Sissoko M , Nioumanta M , Sylla A , Al Et. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction : L’abcès de la cornée ou kératite infectieuse ou kératite suppurative se définit comme une infection de la cornée par un germe (bactérie, champignon, parasite) associée à des signes d’inflammation. Il s’agit d’une infiltration purulente du stroma cornéen. Il survient très rarementsur une cornée saine maisapparait plus fréquemmentsur un épithélium cornéen défectueux. L’abcès de la cornée est une urgence diagnostique et thérapeutique pouvant entrainer la perte anatomique et/ou fonctionnelle du globe oculaire ; d’où la réalisation de cette étude dont le but est de contribuer à l’amélioration de la prise en charge de l’abcès de cornée à Bamako.
Méthode : il s’agissait d’une étude transversale, analytique et descriptive d’une durée de 16 mois allant de décembre 2019 à avril 2020.
Résultats : Durant notre étude, 286 prélèvements bactériologiques étaient revenus positifs sur le total de 472 prélèvements bactériologiques réalisés. Les germes majoritairement isolés étaient Staphylococcus aureus(48,11%) suivi de Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15,19%).l’abcès de cornée constitue l’une des principales causes de la morbidité oculaire et de cécité dans le monde et surtout dans les pays en voie de développement où l’hygiène est insuffisante.
Conclusion : Notre étude souligne l’importance de la prise en charge adaptée au cas par cas des abcès de cornée.
High-Risk Patients with Infected Puncture Wounds and Appropriate Tetanus Prophylaxis
Authors: Truong David H. , Malone Matthew , Fontaine Javier La , Wukich Dane K. , Oz Orhan K. , Lavery Lawrence A. 
Published: July 2021

Background: We sought to evaluate clinicians’ compliance with national guidelines for tetanus vaccination prophylaxis in patients with high-risk feet.
Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 114 consecutive patients between June 1, 2011, and March 31, 2019, who presented to the emergency department with a foot infection resulting from a puncture injury. Eighty-three patients had diabetes mellitus and 31 patients did not have diabetes mellitus. Electronic medical records were used to collect a broad range of study data on patient demographics, medical history, tetanus immunization history and tetanus status on presentation to the emergency department, peripheral arterial disease, sensory neuropathy, laboratory values, and clinical/surgical outcomes.
Results: Of the 114 patients who presented to the emergency department with a puncture wound, 53 (46.5%) did not have up-to-date tetanus immunization. Of those patients, 79.2% received a tetanus-containing vaccine booster, 3.8% received intramuscular tetanus immunoglobulin, 3.8% received both a tetanus-containing vaccine booster and tetanus immunoglobulins, and 20.8% received no form of tetanus prophylaxis. Comparing data between patients with and without diabetes mellitus, there were no statistically significant differences in tetanus prophylaxis.
Conclusions: Guidelines for tetanus prophylaxis among high-risk podiatric medical patients in this study center are not followed in all patients. Patients with diabetes mellitus are at high risk for exposure to tetanus; therefore, we recommend that physicians take a detailed tetanus immunization history and vaccinate patients if the tetanus history is unclear.
A Review on Impact of Lower Extremity Muscle Length
Authors: Pawar Anushree , Phansopkar Pratik , Gachake Avanti , Mandhane Komal , Jain Riddhi , Vaidya Shivani 
Published: July 2021

Muscle length is known as the length at which muscle is able to generate the maximum amount of force. This length is determined by the joint angle corresponding to that muscle. Length of muscle is an important parameter of length-tension relationship. Muscle functions and its mechanics helps in surgical decision making, to establish primary ergonomic advice recommendations and to form a structure of recovery program using the benefits of length-tension relation. Understanding the optimal muscle length as well as its comparison between the extremities is very important as a part of examination in physiotherapy, particularly in the cases of musculoskeletal disorders. Several tests are available for testing the muscle length. However standardize and reliable tests are been chosen to prevent the error while testing as such measurement of hamstring, iliopsoas, rectus femoris and gastrocnemius length is been acquired through standard goniometer. The methods used for the assessment comprised of; active knee extension (AKE) tests the hamstrings, Thomas and modified Thomas test to evaluate iliopsoas and rectus femoris while prone, figure-four position accompanied by dorsiflexion for gastrocnemius. Many studies have done and their results had shown that there was difference in the lengths of muscle of lower extremity which was assessed in different players along with that normative data about the length of muscle was established. However there is paucity of study on the muscle length testing of individuals who are completely normal who are not having previous history of trauma to their lower limbs and those who are not an athlete.
Errors Related to General Relativity, Repulsive Gravitation and the Question of Black Holes
Authors: Lo C. Y. 
Published: July 2021

Galileo and Newton considered gravity to be independent of temperature, while Einstein claimed that the weight of metal will increase as temperature increases. Further, Maxwell maintained that charge is unrelated to gravity. Experiments show, however, that the weight of a metal piece is reduced as its temperature increases. Thus, charge-initiated repulsive gravitation exists. In fact, repulsive gravity has been demonstrated by the use of a charged capacitor hovering over Earth. Further, it is expected that a piece of heated metal would fall more slowly than a feather in a vacuum. Einstein developed an invalid notion of gravitational mass, and failed to establish the unification of gravitation and electromagnetism since he overlooked repulsive gravitation. Moreover, photons are a combination of the gravitational wave and the electromagnetic wave. For electromagnetic energy is invalid, and is in conflict with the Einstein equation. The non-linear Einstein equation has no bounded dynamic solution, Space-time singularity theorems are based on an invalid implicit assumption that all the couplings have a unique sign. Since gravity is no longer always attractive, the existence of black holes is questionable. The fact that Penrose was awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics for the derivation of black holes is due to that the Nobel Prize Committee for Physics did not sufficiently understand the physics of general relativity. A distinct characteristic of Penrose's work, as usual, is that it is not verifiable.
Flavin Coenzymes
Authors: Gadda Giovanni 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Flavins are yellow chromophores in organisms ranging from bacteria to humans and essential for practically all metabolic processes. They occur in nature in a variety of forms. The core of the flavin cofactor is the 7,8‐dimethyl‐isoalloxazine nucleus, with the most common forms as flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide. About 10% of flavin cofactors are covalently linked to their apoproteins, with a smaller subgroup having a bicovalent linkage. The covalent linkage is, in general, via a modification of the xylene subnucleus and functional groups of amino acid side chains. As cofactors, flavins are distinguished by their ability to catalyse a wide variety of different processes. These include oxidation/reduction (redox) reactions, the activation of dioxygen, electron transfer, photo(bio)chemistry, the emission of light, reactions such as rearrangements not involving apparent, net redox steps, regulation processes and structural roles.

The flavin cofactor is amongst the most versatile with ability for one‐ and two‐electron transfers, nucleophilic and electrophilic reactions.

A salient property of the flavin cofactor core is its ability to catalyse a vast variety of chemical reactions.

Chemical variation of a basic molecule (the isoalloxazine) leads to several (modified) coenzymes that can differ significantly in their catalytic properties.

The type and position of the modification is a key determinant for the properties of the (modified) coenzyme.

Modified cofactors can be used – upon substitution of the native cofactor – to study the mechanisms of the catalysed reactions.

The cofactor interacts with the protein in many different ways. These, in turn, affect the properties of the cofactor as a catalyst. The result is a disparate selection of catalytic functions.

The flavin has – depending on its redox and ionisation state – characteristic spectral properties (both with respect to absorbance and fluorescence). These are conveniently employed to analyse the different species, their properties and conversions.
2021 American College of Rheumatology/Vasculitis Foundation Guideline for the Management of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis
Authors: Chung Sharon A. , Langford Carol A. , Maz Mehrdad , Abril Andy , Gorelik Mark , Guyatt Gordon , Archer Amy M. , Conn Doyt L. , Full Kathy A. , Grayson Peter C. , Ibarra Maria F. , Imundo Lisa F. , Kim Susan , Merkel Peter A. , Rhee Rennie L. , Seo Philip , Stone John H. , Sule Sangeeta , Sundel Robert P. , Vitobaldi Omar I. , Warner Ann , Byram Kevin , Dua Anisha B. , Husainat Nedaa , James Karen E. , Kalot Mohamad A. , Lin Yih Chang , Springer Jason M. , Turgunbaev Marat , Villa‐Forte Alexandra , Turner Amy S. , Mustafa Reem A. 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo provide evidence‐based recommendations and expert guidance for the management of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis (AAV), including granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA).MethodsClinical questions regarding the treatment and management of AAV were developed in the population, intervention, comparator, and outcome (PICO) format (47 for GPA/MPA, 34 for EGPA). Systematic literature reviews were conducted for each PICO question. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology was used to assess the quality of evidence and formulate recommendations. Each recommendation required ≥70% consensus among the Voting Panel.ResultsWe present 26 recommendations and 5 ungraded position statements for GPA/MPA, and 15 recommendations and 5 ungraded position statements for EGPA. This guideline provides recommendations for remission induction and maintenance therapy as well as adjunctive treatment strategies in GPA, MPA, and EGPA. These recommendations include the use of rituximab for remission induction and maintenance in severe GPA and MPA and the use of mepolizumab in nonsevere EGPA. All recommendations are conditional due in part to the lack of multiple randomized controlled trials and/or low‐quality evidence supporting the recommendations.ConclusionThis guideline presents the first recommendations endorsed by the American College of Rheumatology and the Vasculitis Foundation for the management of AAV and provides guidance to health care professionals on how to treat these diseases.
Liquid–Liquid Phase‐Separated Systems from Reversible Gel–Sol Transition of Protein Microgels
Authors: Xu Yufan , Qi Runzhang , Zhu Hongjia , Li Bing , Shen Yi , Krainer Georg , Klenerman David , Knowles Tuomas P. J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLiquid–liquid phase‐separated biomolecular systems are increasingly recognized as key components in the intracellular milieu where they provide spatial organization to the cytoplasm and the nucleoplasm. The widespread use of phase‐separated systems by nature has given rise to the inspiration of engineering such functional systems in the laboratory. In particular, reversible gelation of liquid–liquid phase‐separated systems could confer functional advantages to the generation of new soft materials. Such gelation processes of biomolecular condensates have been extensively studied due to their links with disease. However, the inverse process, the gel–sol transition, has been less explored. Here, a thermoresponsive gel–sol transition of an extracellular protein in microgel form is explored, resulting in an all‐aqueous liquid–liquid phase‐separated system with high homogeneity. During this gel–sol transition, elongated gelatin microgels are demonstrated to be converted to a spherical geometry due to interfacial tension becoming the dominant energetic contribution as elasticity diminishes. The phase‐separated system is further explored with respect to the diffusion of small particles for drug‐release scenarios. Together, this all‐aqueous system opens up a route toward size‐tunable and monodisperse synthetic biomolecular condensates and controlled liquid–liquid interfaces, offering possibilities for applications in bioengineering and biomedicine.
Polymeric Aggregate‐Embodied Hybrid Nitric‐Oxide‐Scavenging and Sequential Drug‐Releasing Hydrogel for Combinatorial Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Kim Taejeong , Suh Jeeyeon , Kim Won Jong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSelective depletion of overproduced nitric oxide (NO) with nanoscavengers is a promising approach for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA), preventing both oxidative/nitrosative stress and the upregulation of immune cells. However, its practical applications are limited owing to the minimum time interval between intra‐articular injections and unwanted off‐target NO depletion. Herein, the rational design of an injectable in situ polymeric aggregate‐embodied hybrid NO‐scavenging and sequential drug‐releasing (M‐NO) gel platform for the combinatorial treatment of RA by incorporating a “clickable” NO‐cleavable cross‐linker (DA‐NOCCL) is reported. This network is held together with polymeric aggregates to achieve a self‐healing capability for visco‐supplementation and on‐demand dual drug (both hydrophilic and hydrophobic)‐releasing properties, depending on the NO concentration. Moreover, consecutive NO‐scavenging action reduces pro‐inflammatory cytokine levels in lipopolysaccharides‐stimulated macrophage cell lines in vitro. Finally, the intra‐articularly injected M‐NO gel with anti‐inflammatory dexamethasone significantly alleviates the symptoms of RA, with negligible toxicity, in animal models. It is believed that this novel M‐NO gel platform will provide a guideline for the combinatorial treatment of RA and various NO‐related diseases.
Evaluating salinity tolerance in progeny of domestic and wild barley crosses at the seedling growth stage
Authors: Mohammed Abdullah H. , Morrison Jesse I. , Baldwin Brian S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSalinity is one of the most detrimental abiotic stresses affecting crop productivity worldwide. To identify barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes with satisfactory production under increased salinity, screening must focus on multiple phenological stages, specifically the earliest stages (germination and seedling), when plants are most vulnerable to stress. This experiment was conducted in a greenhouse to assess salinity tolerance of 161 genotypes (34 genotypes of 2× H. vulgare crosses; 116 genotypes of 4× H. vulgare crosses, and 11 parents). Beginning at the third leaf stage, seedlings were irrigated with solutions of 0, 100, 200, and 300 mM NaCl for 21 d. Analysis of variance showed significant effects due to genotype, salinity level, and their interaction for shoot dry weight (SDW). Overall, SDW showed negative association with plant height, whereas it was positively associated with tiller number, fertility, 100‐seed weight, and grain yield. Mean SDW of all families decreased as salinity treatment level increased. Families varied in SDW and salinity susceptibility index (SSI) at 300 mM salinity treatment. Diploid Families 2 and 3 had the greatest SDW and lowest SSI (<1). Thirty percent of crosses from tetraploid Family 2 yielded the greatest SDW, whereas the same proportion of crosses from tetraploid Family 4 showed the greatest salinity tolerance as measured by SSI. These crosses, as well as the female parents, are valuable germplasm for improving salinity tolerance in barley breeding programs.
Teaching and Learning During A Pandemic: How one Graduate Community Psychology Class Quickly Incorporated Healing Justice Into Our Practices
Authors: Langhout Regina Day , Rodriguez Ramirez Daniel , Vaccarino‐Ruiz S. Sylvane , Alonso Blanco Valeria , Quinteros Katherine , Copulsky Daniel , Lopezzi Miguel A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this first‐person account, we describe the changes we made to align our graduate student‐level community psychology class with a healing justice model. We undertook this intervention because the class started in March, at the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic stay‐at‐home directive in our region. We describe the facets of a healing justice model, which promotes radical healing and collective action in a trauma‐informed environment. We then discuss the changes we made to the class to better align with healing justice, including how enrolled students (i.e., co‐authors) experienced the process of the course (e.g., reworking the syllabus, starting class with check‐ins and an exercise to engage our parasympathetic nervous systems), as well as the content of the course (e.g., service projects to support people who are undocumented, unhoused, or minoritized in other ways; photovoice). We end with implications for teaching community psychology, including the importance of universal design, and for scholar‐activist PhD programs.
Engage for Equity: Advancing the Fields of Community‐Based Participatory Research and Community‐engaged Research in Community Psychology and the Social Sciences
Authors: Wallerstein Nina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCommunity Based Participatory Research (CBPR), as the most cited Community‐Engaged Research (CEnR) approach in the health fields, mirrors community‐psychology's long‐term interest in participatory action research and community empowerment. This article introduces the Engage for Equity study, a long‐term National Institutes of Health‐funded inquiry to identify best partnering and collaborative practices that contribute to community capacity, empowerment and policy outcomes, and to long‐term improved health and health equity. Four articles present facets of the study: psychometrics of partnering process and outcome measures, measures and outcomes of shared governance, and description of the CBPR Model as a new equity‐ and partnership based implementation framework; and as a tool for organizational learning and quality improvement. Finally a review of CBPR and CEnR in psychology offers recommendations for the field. Though focusing on CBPR and CEnR, Engage for Equity offers lessons for all forms of participatory action research.
Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Transformation of Racemic Diastereomers: Diastereo‐ and Enantioconvergent Michael–Henry Reactions to Afford Spirooxindoles Bearing Furan‐Fused Rings
Authors: Sohail Muhammad , Tanaka Fujie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation (DYKAT) reactions of racemic diastereomer mixtures that afford the products as essentially single diastereomers with high enantioselectivities are described. We demonstrated the DYKAT in the diastereo‐ and enantioselective synthesis of spirooxindoles bearing furan‐fused rings. The starting materials of the DYKAT, dihydrobenzofuranone derivatives, were synthesized in racemic diastereomer mixtures, and these were transformed to the spirooxindole derivatives in high yields with high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities through Michael–Henry cascade reactions with nitrostyrenes under organocatalytic conditions. In the reactions, regardless the stereochemistry of the starting materials, all the four isomers were transformed to single diastereomers with high enantioselectivities, and four new chiral centers were created.