bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data Innovation Spaces
Authors: Alonso Daniel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWithin the European Big Data Ecosystem, cross-organisational and cross-sectorial experimentation and innovation environments play a central role. European Innovation Spaces (or i-Spaces for short) are the main elements to ensure that research on big data value technologies and novel applications can be quickly tested, piloted and exploited for the benefit of all stakeholders. In particular, i-Spaces enable stakeholders to develop new businesses facilitated by advanced Big Data Value (BDV) technologies, applications and business models, bringing together all blocks, actors and functionalities expected to provide IT infrastructure, support and assistance, data protection, privacy and governance, community building and linkages with other innovation spaces, as well as incubation and accelerator services. Thereby, i-Spaces contribute to building a community, providing a catalyst for engagement and acting as incubators and accelerators of data-driven innovation, with cross-border collaborations as a key aspect to fully unleash the potential of data to support the uptake of European AI and related technologies.
Transnational Labour Law? “Corporate Social Responsibility” and the Law
Authors: Kocher Eva 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe article traces the development of transnational concepts of corporate social responsibility (CSR), particularly in relation to International Labour Organization (ILO) standards. It analyses the relationship between transnational private law instruments, and national and international law. It points out opportunities and limits of new enforcement mechanisms, emphasising the role of national legal systems: It will only be possible to prevent the law from becoming a pawn in corporate strategies if CSR instruments become sufficiently effective.
Confined Employment: Exploring Labor Marginalization in Workplace Safety
Authors: Shahab Palvasha 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis chapter argues that Pakistan has never had a bona fide system of occupational safety and health (OSH) laws, policies, standards or enforcement mechanisms (“OSH infrastructure”). Instead, the country’s present OSH infrastructure remains divorced from workers’ most urgent needs and the country’s institutional capacity—effectively leaving workers without protection. This chapter traces the progress of the fire, delineates violations of OSH law and provides an account of the actions and inactions of various actors involved. In doing so, it highlights the gap between the OSH system’s deficiencies and the fatalities they caused; outlining what measures were legally required to prevent such a tragedy but they were not in place. Then, it explores the geneology of these illegalities and accompanying apathies as it traces the history of Pakistan’s OSH infrastructure back to its origins under British colonial rule and contextualises it with the overarching global (politico-economic) order in which the factory fire should perhaps be seen. Thus, it renders visible the historical trajectories and contemporary political and economic factors that have led to workers’ persistent exclusion from the politico-legal sphere, denial of their rights and their dehumanisation—specifically in Pakistan and generally in the Global South. It concludes by identifying some directions that could be taken for a renewed and vitalised mandate to govern the OSH infrastructure in Pakistan.
Loss and Legibility: A Conversation with Saeeda Khatoon
Authors: Shahab Palvasha 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSaeeda Khatoon rose as a prominent figure and main voice of the Ali Enterprises Factory Fire Affectees Association (AEFFAA). She lost her son in the fire of 11 September 2012 and was one of the four petitioners in the German case against KiK. In this interview, she speaks to Palvasha Shahab about the events unfolding from her perspective as well as strategic decisions and collective organizing in light of the transnational lawsuits she was involved in.
Einleitung
Authors: Kleinschmidt Malte 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungIn der Einleitung wird zunächst die gesellschaftliche Dringlichkeit einer dekolonialen politischen Bildung entwickelt. Diese ergibt sich gleichermaßen aus den untersuchten Vorstellungen der Schüler_innen sowie aus gesellschaftlichen Prozessen der Gegenwart - von Black Lives Matter über das EUropäische Migrationsregime bis zu Strukturen globaler Ungleichheit. Im Anschluss wird die Untersuchungsperspektive und die Struktur des Buches skizziert sowie einige Überlegungen zu machtvollen Implikationen sprachlicher Strukturen und den Umgangsformen damit in diesem Text angestellt.
Empirischer Teil: Vorstellungen von Lernenden über Globalisierung aus dekolonialer Perspektive
Authors: Kleinschmidt Malte 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungIm Zuge der Auswertung haben sich – nach zahlreichen Umwegen – drei Hauptkategorien ergeben: Eurozentrismus, Selfing/Othering und Agency/Subalternität. Diese stellen den Versuch dar, die auch induktiv entwickelten Subkategorien zu ordnen und den sich aus der theoretischen Diskussion ergebenden Fragestellungen gerecht zu werden. Die titelgebenden Begriffe der drei Hauptkategorien stellen grundlegende Elemente dekolonialer Theoriebildung dar.
8d supergravity, reconstruction of internal geometry and the Swampland
Authors: Hamada Yuta , Vafa Cumrun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We sharpen Swampland constraints on 8d supergravity theories by studying consistency conditions on worldvolume theory of 3-brane probes. Combined with a stronger form of the cobordism conjecture, this leads to the reconstruction of the compact internal geometry and implies strong restrictions on the gauge algebra and on some higher derivative terms (related to the level of the current algebra on the 1-brane). In particular we argue that 8d supergravity theories with $$ {\mathfrak{g}}_2 $$

g
2

gauge symmetry are in the Swampland. These results provide further evidence for the string lamppost principle in 8d with 16 supercharges.
Early TICI 2b or Late TICI 3—Is Perfect the Enemy of Good?
Authors: Flottmann F. , van Horn N. , Maros M. E. , McDonough R. , Deb-Chatterji M. , Alegiani A. , Thomalla G. , Hanning U. , Fiehler J. , Brekenfeld C. ,   GSR investigators
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and PurposeA Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) score of 3 has been established as therapeutic goal in endovascular therapy (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke; however, in the case of early TICI2b reperfusion, the question remains whether to stop the procedure or to continue in the pursuit of perfection (i.e., TICI 2c/3).MethodsA total of 6635 patients were screened from the German Stroke Registry. Patients who underwent EVT for occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (M1 segment), with final TICI score of 2b/3 were included. Multivariable logistic regression was performed with functional independence (modified Rankin Scale, mRS at day 90 of 0–2) as the dependent variable.ResultsOf 1497 patients, 586 (39.1%) met inclusion criteria with a final TICI score of 2b and 911 (60.9%) with a TICI score of 3. Patients who achieved first-pass TICI3 showed highest odds of functional independence (Odds ratio [OR] 1.71, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.18–2.47). Patients who achieved TICI2b with the second pass (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.31–0.89) or with three or more passes (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.27–0.70) had significantly worse clinical outcomes compared to first-pass TICI2b. TICI3 at the second pass was by trend better than first-pass TICI2b (OR 1.55, 95% CI 0.98–2.45), but TICI3 after 3 or more passes (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.57–1.50) was not significantly different from first-pass TICI2b.ConclusionFirst-pass TICI2b was superior to TICI2b after ≥ 2 retrievals and comparable to TICI3 at ≥ 3 retrievals. The potential benefit in outcome after achieving TICI3 following further retrieval attempts after first-pass TICI2b need to be weighed against the risks.
Ambulante Phonochirurgie
Authors: Bohlender Jörg E. 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungWesentliche und neue Impulse, die das Behandlungskonzept für ambulante phonochirurgische Eingriffe am unsedierten Patienten betreffen, stammen aktuell aus dem angloamerikanischen Sprachraum. Die dort etablierten „office-based procedures“ werden als eine Alternative zu vielen konventionellen operativen Larynxeingriffen in Vollnarkose propagiert. Maßgeblich für diese Entwicklung ist der Einsatz neuer endoskopischer Techniken in Kombination mit photoangiolytischen Laserverfahren (KTP-Laser und blauer Laser), die eine sichere und effiziente ambulante Phonochirurgie ermöglichen. Die Akzeptanz seitens der Patienten ist hoch, da ambulante Eingriffe als risikoärmer gelten. Ungeachtet der verbreiteten Euphorie fehlen weiterführende Studien, welche die medizinischen Entscheidungskriterien und das Sicherheitsmanagement bei dieser neuen ambulanten Ausrichtung der Kehlkopfchirurgie bewerten.
I am a survivor, keep on surviving: early-life exposure to conflict and subjective survival probabilities in adult life
Authors: Arpino Bruno , Conzo Pierluigi , Salustri Francesco 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLife-course studies have shown that early-life conditions predict health and socio-economic status in adult life. This study analyzes whether experiencing a traumatic event in childhood, i.e., the Second World War (WW2), affects subjective survival probabilities (SSPs). We rely on a representative sample of European adults who were differentially exposed to WW2 during childhood as a result of their date and place of birth. Results show that exposure to WW2 increases SSPs, with socio-economic and health characteristics not playing a mediating role. War exposure also counterbalances the adverse effects of health impairments on SSPs, but it does not affect health outcomes per se. This fact, jointly with low mortality rates of the cohort under investigation, suggests that selective mortality and post-traumatic stress are not the main channels. Instead, the results support the hypothesis that personal growth and life appreciation emerge after traumatic events, thereby leading to optimistic perceptions of longevity.
High usage of medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty negatively influences total knee arthroplasty revision rate
Authors: Klasan Antonio , Tay Mei Lin , Frampton Chris , Young Simon William 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Surgeons with higher medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) usage have lower UKA revision rates. However, an increase in UKA usage may cause a decrease of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) usage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of UKA usage on revision rates and patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) of UKA, TKA, and combined UKA + TKA results.

Methods
Using the New Zealand Registry Database, surgeons were divided into six groups based on their medial UKA usage: < 1%, 1–5%, 5–10%, 10–20%, 20–30% and > 30%. A comparison of UKA, TKA and UKA + TKA revision rates and PROMs using the Oxford Knee Score (OKS) was performed.

Results
A total of 91,895 knee arthroplasties were identified, of which 8,271 were UKA (9.0%). Surgeons with higher UKA usage had lower UKA revision rates, but higher TKA revision rates. The lowest TKA and combined UKA + TKA revision rates were observed for surgeons performing 1–5% UKA, compared to the highest TKA and UKA + TKA revision rates which were seen for surgeons using > 30% UKA (p < 0.001 TKA; p < 0.001 UKA + TKA). No clinically important differences in UKA + TKA OKS scores were seen between UKA usage groups at 6 months, 5 years, or 10 years.

Conclusion
Surgeons with higher medial UKA usage have lower UKA revision rates; however, this comes at the cost of a higher combined UKA + TKA revision rate that is proportionate to the UKA usage. There was no difference in TKA + UKA OKS scores between UKA usage groups. A small increase in TKA revision rate was observed for high-volume UKA users (> 30%), when compared to other UKA usage clusters. A significant decrease in UKA revision rate observed in high-volume UKA surgeons offsets the slight increase in TKA revision rate, suggesting that UKA should be performed by specialist UKA surgeons.

Level of evidence
III, Retrospective therapeutic study.
Consensus Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Periprocedural Complications of Transcatheter Patent Ductus Arteriosus Closure with the Amplatzer Piccolo Occluder in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Sathanandam Shyam , Gutfinger Dan , Morray Brian , Berman Darren , Gillespie Matthew , Forbes Thomas , Johnson Jason N. , Garg Ruchira , Malekzadeh-Milani Sophie , Fraisse Alain , Baspinar Osman , Zahn Evan M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTranscatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in premature infants is a feasible, safe, and an effective alternative to surgical ligation and may be performed with an implant success rate of 97%. Major procedural complications related to transcatheter PDA closure in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants are relatively infrequent (< 3%) ,but may be associated with a fatality if not optimally managed. Operators performing transcatheter PDA closures should be knowledgeable about these potential complications and management options. Prompt recognition and treatment are often necessary to avoid serious consequences. With strict guidelines on operator training, proctoring requirements, and technical refinements, transcatheter PDA closure in ELBW infants can be performed safely with low complication rates. This article summarizes the consensus guidelines put forward by a panel of physicians for the prevention and management of periprocedural complications of transcatheter PDA closure with the Amplatzer Piccolo Occluder in ELBW infants.
Continuous process technology for glucoside production from sucrose using a whole cell-derived solid catalyst of sucrose phosphorylase
Authors: Kruschitz Andreas , Peinsipp Linda , Pfeiffer Martin , Nidetzky Bernd 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Advanced biotransformation processes typically involve the upstream processing part performed continuously and interlinked tightly with the product isolation. Key in their development is a catalyst that is highly active, operationally robust, conveniently produced, and recyclable. A promising strategy to obtain such catalyst is to encapsulate enzymes as permeabilized whole cells in porous polymer materials. Here, we show immobilization of the sucrose phosphorylase from Bifidobacterium adolescentis (P134Q-variant) by encapsulating the corresponding E. coli cells into polyacrylamide. Applying the solid catalyst, we demonstrate continuous production of the commercial extremolyte 2-α-d-glucosyl-glycerol (2-GG) from sucrose and glycerol. The solid catalyst exhibited similar activity (≥70%) as the cell-free extract (~800 U g−1 cell wet weight) and showed excellent in-operando stability (40 °C) over 6 weeks in a packed-bed reactor. Systematic study of immobilization parameters related to catalyst activity led to the identification of cell loading and catalyst particle size as important factors of process optimization. Using glycerol in excess (1.8 M), we analyzed sucrose conversion dependent on space velocity (0.075–0.750 h−1) and revealed conditions for full conversion of up to 900 mM sucrose. The maximum 2-GG space-time yield reached was 45 g L−1 h−1 for a product concentration of 120 g L−1. Collectively, our study establishes a step-economic route towards a practical whole cell-derived solid catalyst of sucrose phosphorylase, enabling continuous production of glucosides from sucrose. This strengthens the current biomanufacturing of 2-GG, but also has significant replication potential for other sucrose-derived glucosides, promoting their industrial scale production using sucrose phosphorylase.

Key points
• Cells of sucrose phosphorylase fixed in polyacrylamide were highly active and stable.
• Solid catalyst was integrated with continuous flow to reach high process efficiency.
• Generic process technology to efficiently produce glucosides from sucrose is shown.

Graphical abstract
Acute Pancreatitis as the Initial Presentation of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma does not Impact Short‐ and Long‐term Outcomes of Curative Intent Surgery: A Study of the French Surgical Association
Authors: Lupinacci Renato Micelli , Faron Matthieu , Bachellier Philippe , Sauvanet Alain , Beauchet Alain , Le Treut Yves‐Patrice , Adham Mustapha , Mabrut Jean‐Yves , Delpero Jean‐Robert , Paye François 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcute pancreatitis (AP) can be one of the earliest clinical presentation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Information about the impact of AP on postoperative outcomes as well as its influences on PDAC survival is scarce. This study aimed to determine whether AP as initial clinical presentation of PDAC impact the short‐ and long‐term outcomes of curative intent pancreatic resection.Patients and methodsFrom 2004 to 2009, 1449 patients with PDAC underwent pancreatic resection in 37 institutions (France, Belgium and Switzerland). We used univariate and multivariate analysis to identify factors associated with severe complications and pancreatic fistula as well as overall and disease‐free survivals.ResultsThere were 764 males (52,7%), and the median age was 64 years. A total of 781 patients (53.9%) developed at least one complication, among whom 317 (21.8%) were classified as Clavien–Dindo ≥ 3. A total of 114 (8.5%) patients had AP as the initial clinical manifestation of PDAC. This situation was not associated with any increase in the rates of postoperative fistula (21.2% vs 16.4%, P = 0.19), postoperative complications (57% vs 54.2%, P = 0.56), and 30 day mortality (2.6% vs 3.4%, P = 1). In multivariate analysis, AP did not correlate with postoperative complications or pancreatic fistula. The median length of follow‐up was 22.4 months. The median overall survival after surgery was 29.9 months in the AP group and 30.5 months in the control group. Overall recurrence rate and local recurrence rate did not differ between groups.ConclusionAP before PDAC resection did not impact postoperative morbidity and mortality, as well as recurrence rate and survival.
Halting targeted and collateral damage to red blood cells by the complement system
Authors: Jalink M. , de Boer E. C. W. , Evers D. , Havinga M. Q. , Vos J. M. I. , Zeerleder S. , de Haas M. , Jongerius I. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe complement system is an important defense mechanism against pathogens; however, in certain pathologies, the system also attacks human cells, such as red blood cells (RBCs). In paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), RBCs lack certain complement regulators which sensitize them to complement-mediated lysis, while in autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), antibodies against RBCs may initiate complement-mediated hemolysis. In recent years, complement inhibition has improved treatment prospects for these patients, with eculizumab now the standard of care for PNH patients. Current complement inhibitors are however not sufficient for all patients, and they come with high costs, patient burden, and increased infection risk. This review gives an overview of the underlying pathophysiology of complement-mediated hemolysis in PNH and AIHA, the role of therapeutic complement inhibition nowadays, and the high number of complement inhibitors currently under investigation, as for almost every complement protein, an inhibitor is being developed. The focus lies with novel therapeutics that inhibit complement activity specifically in the pathway that causes pathology or those that reduce costs or patient burden through novel administration routes.
Interdisziplinäre Betreuung von Menschen mit Marfan-Syndrom – Pharmakologie, Schwangerschaft, Auge, Skelett und organisatorische Aspekte
Authors: Yildiz Murat , Matyas Gabor , Wustmann Kerstin , Attenhofer Jost Christine , Bonassin Francesca , Früh Beatrice , Min Kan , Gehle Petra , Bombardieri Giancarlo , Carrel Thierry , Schoenhoff Florian 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungIm ersten Teil des vorliegenden Beitrags wurde im Detail auf die Genetik, Diagnose, Differenzialdiagnose, die diagnostische Bildgebung, Follow-up, die kardiovaskulären Probleme sowie die Manifestation an Aorta und den großen Gefäßen bei Patienten mit dem Marfan-Syndrom (MFS) eingegangen. In diesem zweiten Teil werden die medikamentöse Therapie des MFS, seine Bedeutung im Zusammenhang mit einer Schwangerschaft, die Beteiligung von Augen und Wirbelsäule bei MFS-Patienten sowie die organisatorischen Aspekte einer Marfan-Sprechstunde erläutert. Das MFS ist mit einer Prävalenz von etwa 1–2:10.000 die häufigste hereditäre Bindegewebserkrankung mit vaskulärer Komponente. Ursache sind Mutationen im Gen, das für das extrazelluläre Matrixprotein Fibrillin‑1 kodiert. Die Erkrankung wird autosomal-dominant vererbt. Es handelt sich um eine Multisystemerkrankung mit Beteiligung der Aorta, der Mitralklappe, Augen- und Skelettveränderungen. Die Augen- und/oder die Wirbelsäulenbeteiligung sind nicht zu unterschätzen, da sowohl die Skoliose als auch die Linsendislokation etwa 60 % der Patienten mit MFS betreffen. Bis anhin konnte kein Wirkstoff einen klaren Vorteil hinsichtlich klinischer Ereignisse in MFS-Patienten zeigen. Es besteht jedoch der allgemeine Konsens, Patienten mit MFS einen β‑Rezeptoren- oder Angiotensinrezeptorblocker isoliert oder als Kombinationstherapie zu verabreichen. Bei bestehendem Kinderwunsch muss ein besonderes Augenmerk auf die Planung der Schwangerschaft gelegt werden. Im Fall eines Aortenwurzeldurchmessers > 4–4,5 cm empfiehlt sich, entweder einen prophylaktischen Aortenwurzelersatz zu erwägen oder von einer Schwangerschaft abzuraten. Eine strukturierte Langzeitbetreuung ist für Patienten mit MFS essenziell.
Survey of practices for the clinical management of febrile neutropenia in children in hematology-oncology units in Latin America
Authors: Melgar Mario A. , Homsi Maysam R. , Happ Brooke , Su Yin , Tang Li , Gonzalez Miriam L. , Caniza Miguela A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe management of febrile neutropenia (FN) in pediatrics is evolving. Our objective was to describe current practices for the care of patients with FN in pediatric oncology centers in Latin America and identify areas for practice improvement. We used an online survey to enroll eligible healthcare providers who treat children with cancer in Latin America. The survey addressed respondents’ characteristics, the environment of care, and FN care practices, including risk assessment, criteria for hospitalization, initial management of FN, evaluation, antibiotic administration, and discharge. From 220 surveys sent, we received 109 responses and selected 108 from 19 countries for analysis. Most (94%) respondents were working in specialized oncology centers, oncology units within a pediatric or general care hospital. The cohort included oncologists (42%) and infectious diseases physicians (30%). Most (67%) respondents had available guidelines; they used a risk-stratification scoring system (73%) for severe infection; and their guidelines had locally adapted risk stratification (34%) or published risk stratification (51%). The respondents used diverse FN definitions and concepts, including fever definitions, temperature-obtaining methods, neutropenia values for assigning risk, empiric antimicrobials administration, and length of hospitalization. Overall, we detected common practices aligning with standard published recommendations, as well as care variability. These findings can guide further evaluations of care resources and practices to prioritize interventions, and professional networks can be used for FN discussions and consensus in Latin America.