bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extract, Tamarindus Indica Fruit Extract and Assessement of Antibacterial Activity Against Staphylococcus Aureus
Authors: A Shirisha , KUMAR ANUMOLU VIJAYA , R Laxman Chatlod , M Shashi Kumar , N Krishnaiah , Ch Raghupathi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The present study mainly deals with the green synthesis, characterization and evaluation of antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized by using the leaf extract of Moringa oleifera and fruit extract of Tamarindus indica. In this study for synthesis of silver nanoparticles different ratios of 1mM silver nitrate and Moringa oleifera leaf extract i.e, 95:5, 90:10 and 85: 15 was taken in conical flask and kept for one 1 hr at 25 0 c on magnetic stirrer, out of which 90:10 ratio was selected for further study based on highest peak, good size and stability. Tamarindus indica fruit extract was added to silver nitrate solution till the colour of the solution changes from light brown to chocolate brownish colour. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, Zeta potential, size distribution by intensity. The absorption spectrum of the silver nano solution prepared by using Moringa oleifera and Tamarindus indica fruit extract showed a surface plasmon absorption band with maximum of 420 nm and 430 nm respectively indicating the presence of silver nanoparticles. The zeta value of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Moringa oleifera and Tamarindus indica fruit extract was -12.5 mV and -15.5 mV, size of 110.2 nm and 130.2 nm respectively. The antibacterial efficacy of nanosilver was checked by agar well diffusion method, and the silver nanoparticles showed effective antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.
Ancient uniparental DNAs in distinguishing the competing theories of molecular evolution and modern human origins
Authors: Xia Zhiyi , Chen Hongyao , Zhang Ye , Huang Shi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Analyses of extant people have resulted in two models for the uniparental DNA phylogenetic trees of modern humans rooted in either Africa or East Asia. The Africa model is based on the neutral theory. The Asia model is reached from the maximum genetic diversity (MGD) theory. To test the two competing theories, we examined published data of ancient uniparental DNAs. Many ancient samples belonging to a terminal haplogroup were found to have mutated only in some, but not all, of the sites that define a more basal haplogroup. This pattern was found for the non-controversial haplogroups shared by the two competing models, and also for the haplogroups specific to the Asia model. Furthermore, many ancient samples that do not belong to some of the haplogroups of the Africa model nonetheless had mutations in them, which makes it impossible to unambiguously assign them to a haplogroup within the Africa model. Finally, uniparental DNAs of archaic humans were found to carry some modern alleles present in the first uniparental DNAs in the Asia model, indicating convergent evolution. Therefore, the data from ancient DNAs have verified the MGD theory and the actual existence of the haplogroups specific to the Asia model.
First-Principles Study on Electronic and Optical Properties of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Under an External Electric Field
Authors: NAJIM Abdelhafid , BAJJOU Omar , RAHMANI Khalid , khenfouch Mohammed 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this study, the electronic and optical properties of one-dimensional (1D) Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube (SWCNT) nanostructures, under an external electric field (𝐸𝑒𝑥𝑡 ) effects applied in z direction, are investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The Visualizer module of Material Studio software used to construct single-layer nanotube. Then, we use the CASTEP code for optimize and calculate the band structure, density of states and optical properties of carboxyl group substitution on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube (SWCNT/Carboxyl). The 𝐸𝑒𝑥𝑡 effects lead to modulate the band gap and change the total density of states (TDOS), partial density of states (PDOS), absorption coefficient, dielectric function, optical conductivity, refractive index and loss function. The application of an 𝐸𝑒𝑥𝑡 effect on SWCNT/Carboxyl structure, lead to close its band gap. The peaks of TDOS around the fermi level are very weak. The absorption coefficient increases in visible range and decreases in ultraviolet (UV) domain, by reason of increased an 𝐸𝑒𝑥𝑡 effects. It is found that electronic structures and optical properties of SWCNT/Carboxyl, could be affected by the 𝐸𝑒𝑥𝑡 effects. All these results provide the important information for understanding and controlling the electronic and optical properties of 1D-crystals by an 𝐸𝑒𝑥𝑡 effects. This study can provide certain theoretical basis for our future experimental work of optoelectronic properties of SWCNT/Carboxyl material.
Metagenomic Analysis of Viral Diversity and a Novel Astroviruse of Forest Rodent
Authors: Yin Hai , Zhao Li , Chen Hong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Rodents are important virus reservoirs and natural hosts for multiple viruses. They are one of the wild animals that are extremely threatening to the spread of human viruses. Therefore, research on rodents carrying viruses and identifying new viruses that rodents carry is of great significance for preventing and controlling viral diseases.Methods: In this study, fecal samples from six species of forest rodents in Northeast China were sequenced using metagenomics, and an abundance of virome information was acquired.Results: Among the top 10 most abundant viral families, RNA virus include Orthomyxoviridae, Picornaviridae, Bunyaviridae and Arenaviridae, DNA virus include Herpesviridae, Insect virus include Nodaviridae and Baculoviridae, Plant virus Tombusviridae and Phage (Myoriviridae). Except for Myoviridae, there was no significant difference in the abundance of virus families in the feces of each rodent species. In addition, a new strain of astrovirus was discovered, with an ORF and genome arrangement comparable to other rodent astroviruses.The newly identified astrovirus had the highest similarity with the rodent astrovirus isolate, CHN/100.Conclusions: The data obtained in this study provided an overview of the viral community present in these rodent fecal samples, revealing some rodent-associated viruses closely related to known human or animal pathogens. Strengthening our understanding of unclassified viruses harbored by rodents present in the natural environment could provide scientific guidance for preventing and controlling new viral outbreaks that can spread via rodents.
Determination of the Influence of Peripheral Neuropathy Symptoms on Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Paclitaxel: Prospective Cross Sectional Study With Four Follow-ups
Authors: KURT BERNA , KARSLI ZEYNEP SİPAHİ , ÖKSÜZOĞLU BERNA ÖMÜR ÇAKMAK , ÖZTÜRK EMİNE , DEMİRÖRS NESLİHAN , DAĞ OSMAN 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of peripheral neuropathy on the quality of life of breast cancer patients throughout with monthly follow-up during 4 months of paclitaxel treatment.Material and methods The research was conducted with a prospective cross sectional with four follow-ups descriptive design. The study population consisted of female patients with breast cancer at Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital between August 2018 and January 2019. Data were collected the ‘’Patient Information Form’’,‘’EORTC C30 Cancer Quality Of Life Questionnaire’’ and ‘’Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy Assessment Tool’’. The study was undertaken in accordance with the STROBE checklist for cross-sectional studies. Results Of 79 patients included in the Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy Assessment Tool except for the general activity subdimension were statistically significant in the ratings of 2nd, compared to 1st; 3rd compared to 1st and 2nd; 4th compared to 1st, 2nd, and 3rd follow-up periods. The overall mean of EORTC C30 Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire, functional subdimension, symptom severity, and general well-being in the evaluations of 2nd, compared with 1st; 3rd compared with 1st and 2nd; 4th compared with 1st, 2nd, and 3rd follow-up periods it was found that the mean values of symptom that decreased gradually were statistically significant.Conclusion The neuropathy scale was found to be higher in 2nd, 3rd, 4th follow-up periods than in 1st follow-up. Also, EORTC C30 Cancer QLQ subdimensions were high initially but gradually decreased after the fourth cycle. Thus, it was found that the increase in neuropathy symptoms negatively affects the quality of life.
Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Safi Chetan , Gudis David A. , Oswald Aaron 
Published: November 2021

Endoscopic sinus surgery has revolutionized the field of otolaryngology and is now the surgical standard of care in treating most paranasal sinus disorders. A graduating otolaryngology resident must be proficient in performing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) to care for common sinonasal pathology. Thus, our goal with this chapter is to provide a systematic guide of ESS for surgeons at all stages of training. We discuss the indications for ESS, the thorough review of preoperative computed tomography, the intraoperative technique for ESS, as well as complications. We believe that careful review of this chapter will provide physicians with a comprehensive base to understand the concept of endoscopic sinus surgery and will allow them to develop their technique and skills as they continue to train.

This review contains 5 figures, 5 tables, 34 references
Keywords: Endoscopic Sinus Surgery, Surgical Education, Surgical Technique, Surgical Complications, Open Sinus Surgery Approaches
Hubungan Status Gizi Terhadap Tingkat Aktivitas Fisik PMI Selama Masa Karantina Covid-19
Authors: Hita I Putu Agus Dharma , Ariestika Elsa , Billy Yacs Betrix Teofa Perkasa Wibafiet , Pranata Doni 
Published: November 2021

Abstrak
Seluruh aspek kehidupan mengalami penyesuaian sejak pandemi covid-19. Hal ini menjadi sangat penting untuk menjaga kebugaran tubuh dengan melakukan aktivitas fisik melalui olahraga, agar imunitas tubuh terjaga serta terhindar dari virus dan penyakit lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan status gizi terhadap tingkat aktivitas fisik Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI) selama masa karantina covid-19 di Kabupaten Jembrana, Provinsi Bali yang dilakukan selama 14 hari. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian korelasional. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu lembar recall physical activity 24 jam selama 14 hari untuk mengumpukan data status gizi dan tingkat aktivitas fisik. Setelah data terkumpul akan dilakukan uji normalitas menggunakan teknik kolmogorov smirnov dan uji homogenitas menggunakan teknik levene statistic dengan taraf signifikan 5% (p > 0.05). Selanjutnya, uji hipotesis menggunakan teknik korelasi dengan taraf signifikan 5% (p < 0.05). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa data berdistribusi normal dengan nilai sig 0.167 (status gizi) dan sig 0.073 (tingkat aktivitas fisik) p > 0.05 dan data bersifat homogen dengan nilai sig 0.133 (p > 0.05). Hasil uji hipotesis dengan teknik korelasi mendapatkan hasil nilai sig sebesar 0.005 (p < 0.05), sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan status gizi terhadap tingkat aktivitas fisik PMI selama masa karantina covid-19 di Kabupaten Jembrana.
Kata Kunci: status gizi, tingkat aktivitas fisik, covid-19
Pengaruh Bentuk Latihan Squat Jump Terhadap Kekuatan Shooting Sepakbola Atlet Pro:Direct Academy
Authors: Arwandi John , Ridwan M , Irawan Roma , Soniawan Vega 
Published: November 2021

Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah kekuatan shooting atlet masih jauh dari yang diharapkan, karena terbukti dari banyaknya shooting yang dilakukan oleh atlet baik dalam pertandingan maupun latihan sangat sedikit yang bisa menghasilkan gol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh bentuk latihan squat jump terhadap kemampuan shooting di dalam permainan sepakbola atlet Pro:Direct Academy. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan pengambilan data kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh atlet Pro:Direct Academy sebanyak 85 orang. Teknik sampling yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu purposive sampling, dengan kriteria atlet yang sudah berlatih selama setahun. Maka sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah atlet U17-U18 sebanyak 20 or. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah alat tes kecepetan dan kekuatan shooting yang diberikan sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan bentuk latihan squat jump kepada atlet. Analisa data menggunakan uji-t. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukan bahwa t-hitung untuk hasil tes kekuatan sebesar 3,548, di mana nilai tersebut lebih besar dari nilai tabel dengan derajat bebas 19 dan taraf signifikansi sebesar 1% yaitu 2,539. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlakuan berupa latihan squat jump memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kekuatan shooting di dalam permainan sepakbola.
Upaya Menurunkan Tekanan Darah pada Lansia Melalui Terapi Shalat Dhuha
Authors: ISTIANA DIAN , PURQOTI DEWI NUR SUKMA , ROMADHONIKA FITRI , Pusparini Mita 
Published: November 2021

Hipertensi sudah menjadi masalah kesehatan yang cukup tinggi di dunia tidak hanya ditemukan pada Negara maju tapi dijumpai juga pada negara- negara berkembang. Ketika tensi berada pada angka diatas 140 mmHg untuk tekanan darah sistolik dan di atas angka 90 mmHg untuk tekanan darah diastolik maka kondisi inilah disebut hipetensi. Hipertensi banyak dijumpai pada lansia, beberapa faktor yang melatarbelakangi lansia mengidap hipertensi antara lain faktor kepekaan terhadap kadar garam, reaktivitas pembuluh darah terhadap vasokonstriktor, pola makan, kebiasaan merokok, stress emosi, kegemukan dan lain-lain. Adapun tata laksana pengendalian tekanan darah tinggi ada dua jenis yaitu pengebotan medis dengan obat-obatan dan pengendalian tanpa obat atau teknik relaksasi yang bertujuan untuk merelaks kan otot-otot dan organ sehingga mampu menurunkan tekanan darah. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah pengenalan cara pengendalian tekanan darah berupa pelaksanaan terapi shalat dhuha. Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat merupakan mitra pada pelaksanaan pengabdian ini. Metode yang dikukan dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini dengan pelaksanaan terapi shalat dhuha selama 7 hari berturut-turut sebanyak 4 rokaat setiap harinya. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian ini didapatkan penurunan tekanan darah setelah dilakukannya terapi shalat dhuha. Setelah pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian ini diharapkan terapi shalat dhuha tetap dilaksanakan secara rutin untuk mengendalikan tekanan darah agar tetap stabil.---Hypertension has become a fairly high health problem in the world not only found in developed countries but also in developing countries. When tension is above 140 mmHg for systolic blood pressure and above 90 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure then this condition is called hipetension. Hypertension is found in the elderly, several factors behind the elderly have hypertension, among others, factors of sensitivity to salt levels, vascular reactivity to vasoconstrictor, diet, smoking habits, emotional stress, obesity and others. As for the procedure of controlling high blood pressure there are two types of medical sabotage with drugs and control without drugs or relaxation techniques aimed at relaxing the muscles and organs so as to lower blood pressure. The purpose of this devotional activity is the introduction of a way of controlling blood pressure in the form of the implementation of dhuha prayer therapy. Tresna Werdha Social Home in West Nusa Tenggara Province is a partner in the implementation of this service. The method carried out in this devotional activity with the implementation of dhuha prayer therapy for 7 consecutive days as many as 4 rokaat every day. The result of this devotional activity was obtained a decrease in blood pressure after the dhuha prayer therapy. After the implementation of this devotional activity, it is expected that dhuha prayer therapy will still be carried out regularly to control blood pressure in order to remain stable.
Antigen cross-presentation by macrophages
Authors: Малышев И.Ю. , Кузнецова Л.В. , Чернышова О.О. , Буданова О.П. , Бахтина Л.Ю. 
Published: November 2021

В обзоре рассматриваются механизмы кросс-презентации антигена и особенности этого процесса в макрофагах. Представлено сравнение особенностей кросс-презентации в дендритных клетках и разных фенотипах макрофагов. Описаны пути кросс-презентации -протеасомный и вакуолярный. Протеасомный путь состоит из следующих стадий: 1) захват антигена в фагосому; 2) сохранение антигена в фагосоме; 3) перенос антигена в цитозоль и его расщепление в протеасоме до олигопептидов; 4) перенос олигопептидов в компартменты, содержащие главный комплекс гистосовместимости I типа (major histocompatibility complex I, MHC I); 5) загрузка олигопептида на MHC-I и перенос на поверхность клетки. Вакуолярный путь начинается сходно с протеасомным, но отличается в том, что захваченный антиген не покидает фагосому, а там же расщепляется и нагружается на MHC-I. Макрофаги могут использовать любой из этих путей. Макрофаги, происходящие из моноцитов крови, используют вакуолярный путь, макрофаги красной пульпы селезенки - протеасомный, а перитонеальные - и тот, и другой. Эффективность кросс-презентации макрофагов зависит от его тканевого типа. При разработке методов иммунотерапии, основанной на макрофагах, важно понимать стадии обоих путей кросс-презентации, поскольку каждая из них может рассматриваться как мишень для повышения эффективности кросс-презентации антигена и соответственно, эффективности иммунотерапии рака.
This review focuses on mechanisms of antigen cross-presentation and features of this process in macrophages. Features of the cross-presentation in dendritic cells and in various macrophage phenotypes are compared. The cross-presentation can be the result of either the proteasomal or vacuolar pathway. The proteasomal pathway includes the following stages: 1) antigen capture into the phagosome; 2) antigen preservation in the phagosome; 3) antigen transfer to the cytosol and its cleavage in the proteasome to oligopeptides; 4) oligopeptide transfer into major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I-containing compartments; 5) oligopeptide loading onto the MHC I and transferring it to the cell surface. The vacuolar pathway begins in a similar way as the proteasomal pathway but differs in that the captured antigen does not leave the phagosome, but is cleaved there and loaded onto MHC I. Macrophages can use any of these pathways. Macrophages originating from blood monocytes use the vacuolar pathway; macrophages of the red pulp of the spleen use the proteasomal pathway, and peritoneal macrophages use both. The effectiveness of cross-presentation of macrophages depends on the macrophage tissue type. When developing macrophage-based methods of immunotherapy, it is important to understand the stages of both cross-presentation pathways since each of them can be considered as a target for increasing the efficiency of antigen cross-presentation and, accordingly, the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy.
PHANAGOR'S ‘PORTRAIT'
Authors: Завойкин А.А. 
Published: November 2021

Находка в 2017 г. в Патрее фрагмента мерной ойнохои с клеймом, на котором весьма в реалистической манере показана в профиль мужская голова в пилосе с двумя сохранившимися буквами (|<I>|AN|A|) над ним, позволила не только идентифицировать это изображение с эмблемой аверса фанагорийских монет времени автономии города (Захаров, 2018; Ковальчук, 2019), но и установить, что на голове персонажа надета не войлочная шапка, как принято было считать, а металлический шлем типа «пилос». Это наблюдение дало возможность вернуться к старой дискуссии о том, кто именно представлен на лицевой стороне монет Фанагории: основатель полиса, Фанагор, или хтонические божества - кабиры. Автор статьи присоединяется к выводам Д. Браунда (Braund, 2011), который убедительно показал, что невозможно говорить ни об атрибутивном характере пилоса на монетах, ни о распространенности в Северном Причерноморье культа кабиров вообще. Оценка исторического контекста чеканки монет Фанагорией в сочетании с учетом нового эпиграфического свидетельства, подтверждающего героический культ ойкиста Фанагора (Завойкина, 2020), приводит к убедительному заключению, что на монетах и клейме из Патрея представлен именно тот, кто дал свое имя городу, в героической ипостаси.
A fragment of volumetric oenochoe with a stamp showing a rather realistically depicted male head in profile wearing a pilos with two surviving letters over the head (|O|AN|A|) was found in Patrei in 2017. The find made it possible not only to identify this image as an obverse emblem of Phanagoria coins dating to the period when the city was autonomous (Zakharov, 2018; Kovalchuk, 2019) but also establish that the man on the coin wears a metallic helmet of a pilos type rather than a felt hat as was previously thought. This observation provided an opportunity to get back to an earlier discussion as to who is represented on the obverse of the Phanagoria coins: Phanagor, the founder of the polis or the Kabiroi, chthonic gods. The author of the paper agrees with the conclusions made by D. Braund (Braund, 2011) who clearly demonstrated that we cannot say that pilos can be used as an attributive feature or that the Kabiroi cult was spread across the North Pontic region. It can be inferred from the assessment of the historical context of coin mintage by Phanagoria and the new epigraphic evidence confirming a heroic cult of the oikistes Phanagor that the coins and the stamp from Patrei feature the person who gave his name to the city and who is represented as a hero.