bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Anti‐inflammatory Fe3O4‐Porphyrin Nanohybrid Capable of Apoptosis through Upregulation of p21 Kinase Inhibitor Having Immunoprotective Properties under Anticancer PDT Conditions
Authors: Sengupta Devashish , Das Subhojit , Sharma Debdulal , Chattopadhyaya Saran , Mukherjee Avinaba , Mazumdar Zeaul Hoque , Das Biswajit , Basu Samita , Sengupta Mahuya 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe report the influence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) on porphyrins in the development of photosensitizers (PSs) for efficient photodynamic therapy (PDT) and possible post‐PDT responses for inflicting cancer cell death. Except for Au, most metal‐based nanomaterials are unsuitable for clinical applications. The US Food and Drug Administration and other agencies have approved Feraheme and a few other iron oxide NPs for clinical use, paving the way for novel biocompatible immunoprotective superparamagnetic iron oxide nanohybrids to be developed as nanotherapeutics. A water‐soluble nanohybrid, referred to here as E‐NP, comprising superparamagnetic Fe3O4 NPs functionalised with tripyridyl porphyrin PS was introduced through a rigid 4‐carboxyphenyl linker. As a PDT agent, the efficacy of E‐NP toward the AGS cancer cell line showed enhanced photosensitising ability as determined through in vitro photobiological assays. The cellular uptake of E‐NPs by AGS cells led to apoptosis by upregulating ROS through cell‐cycle arrest and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. The subcellular localisation of the PSs in mitochondria stimulated apoptosis through upregulation of p21, a proliferation inhibitor capable of preventing tumour development. Under both PDT and non‐PDT conditions, this nanohybrid can act as an anti‐inflammatory agent by decreasing the production of NO and superoxide ions in murine macrophages, thus minimising collateral damage to healthy cells.
Na⋯B bond in NaBH: An induced spin‐polarized bond
Authors: Rincón Luis , Mora Jose R. , Rodriguez Vladimir , Torres F. Javier 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe nature of the Na⋯B bond, in the recently synthesized NaBHadduct, is analyzed on the light of the Na−propensity to polarize along the bond axis as a consequence of the electric field produced by the BH3fragment. The observedinducedpolarization has two consequences: (i) the energetic stabilization of the Na−, and (ii) the split of its valence electrons into two opposite lobes along the bond axis. Additionally, an analysis of the electron localization is presented using the information content of the correlated conditional pair density that reveals a significant delocalization between one lobe of the polarized Na−anion and the BH3fragment at the equilibrium distance. Our findings reported here complement previous works on this system.
Factors and strategies for circularity implementation in the public sector: An organisational change management approach for sustainability
Authors: Klein Natacha , Ramos Tomás B. , Deutz Pauline 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe circular economy (CE) is seen as a model of production and consumption where resource use is reduced and extended in closed‐loop life cycles. Organisations have been fundamental in contributing towards CE for which limited outcomes are known from public organisations. This research aims to identify the factors influencing the implementation of CE and the strategies that support such implementation in the public sector. An organisational change management perspective was taken. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with employees from the central public sector in Portugal to gather insights. Results reveal issues such as organisational culture, CE awareness for people in public sector organisations and leadership related to areas of strategy and management, human resources, and communication and assessment as key elements to consider in shifting towards circularity for this type of organisation. This study contributes to the research that has called for an expansion of the scope of CE to include human‐based issues by viewing a public organisation as a multi‐dimensional system transitioning to circularity.
Metal‐Nitrogen‐Carbon Cluster‐Decorated Titanium Carbide is a Durable and Inexpensive Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalyst
Authors: Beom Cho Sung , He Cheng , Sankarasubramanian Shrihari , Singh Thind Arashdeep , Parrondo Javier , Hachtel Jordan A. , Borisevich Albina Y. , Idrobo Juan‐Carlos , Xie Jing , Ramani Vijay , Mishra Rohan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover are the groups of Prof. Vijay Ramani and Prof. Rohan Mishra at Washington University in St. Louis and their collaborators at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202101341.
Monitoring methamphetamine in the United States: A two‐decade review as seen by the DEA methamphetamine profiling program
Authors: Toske Steven G. , McKibben Tim D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA historical overview of methamphetamine profiling efforts in the United States is presented. Methamphetamine profiling has revealed key precursor and recipe strategies that have changed throughout the years. By studying different clandestine recipes and analyzing thousands of methamphetamine samples over the years, the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) Methamphetamine Profiling Program (MPP) has collected and reported on changes in drug quality and production trends. This review will discuss methamphetamine drug profiling trends that cover over two decades of forensic results.
Evidence of nutrient translocation in response to smoke exposure by the East African ant acacia, Vachellia drepanolobium
Authors: Rabideau‐Childers Richard , Angier Katherine I. W. , Dean Brendan Z. M. , Blumstein Meghan , Darling Walker S. , Kennedy‐Yoon Annina , Ziemke Clayton H. , Perez‐Martinez Christian A. , Wu Donghao , Ye Wenqing , Yekwayo Inam , Kimuyu Duncan M. , Martins Dino J. , Pierce Naomi E. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Fire is a major selective force on arid grassland communities, favoring traits such as the smoke‐induced seed germination response seen in a wide variety of plant species. However, little is known about the relevance of smoke as a cue for plants beyond the seedling stage.

We exposed a fire‐adapted savanna tree, Vachellia (=Acacia) drepanolobium, to smoke and compared nutrient concentrations in leaf and root tissues to unexposed controls. Experiments were performed on three age cohorts: 2‐year‐old, 9‐month‐old, and 3‐month‐old plants.

For the 2‐year‐old plants exposed to smoke, carbon and nitrogen concentrations were lower in the leaves and higher in the roots than controls. Less pronounced trends were found for boron and magnesium.

In contrast, smoke‐exposed 3‐month‐old plants had lower root nitrogen concentrations than controls. No significant differences were found in the 9‐month‐old plants, and no significant shifts in other nutrient concentrations were observed between plant tissues for any of the three age cohorts.

Synthesis: Our findings are consistent with smoke‐induced translocation of nutrients from leaves to roots in 2‐year‐old V. drepanolobium. This could represent a novel form of fire adaptation, with variation over the course of plant development. The translocation differences between age cohorts highlight the need to investigate smoke response in older plants of other species. Accounting for this adaptation could better inform our understanding of savanna community structure and nutrient flows under fire regimes altered by anthropogenic land use and climate change.
Comparative clinical characteristics among different age group of adult COVID‐19 patients: A multicenter study
Authors: Cheng † Wei , Peng † Yating , Zhou Aiyuan , Lin Ling , Liao Xin , Deng Dingding , Huang Peng , Liu Wenlong , Jiang Mingyan , Xiang Xudong , Shuang Qingcui , Cai Shan , Chen Ping , Liao Xucai 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease (COVID‐19) is a global infectious disease with a large burden of illness and high health care costs. This study aimed to compare clinical features among adult COVID‐19 patients in different age groups.MethodsLaboratory‐confirmed adult COVID‐19 infection cases between December 31, 2019 to March 8, 2020 obtained from Neighboring Cities. Patients were divided into five age groups. Clinical characteristics were compared among different age groups.ResultsOf 299 cases, median age was 44 and 158 (53%) were male. A total of 53.3% of 30–40 years, 50% of 40–50 years, 36.6% of <30 years and 36.2% of 50–60 years were primary case, none of the elderly were primary case. Among all the observed symptoms, only symptom of dyspnea was significantly different between the elderly group and other groups (p < .001). Proportion of severe or critical type was 2.4%, 5.3%, 9.5%, 14.5%, and 35% in patients with age <30, 30–40, 40–50, 50–65, ≥65, respectively. A total of 285 patients (95.3%) were cured and discharged, 12 patients (4.0%) were still on medical treatment in hospital. There were 2 (0.7%) deaths which occurred among persons ≥65 years. Patients with a history of chronic heart disease had a more than a 56 times higher risk for severe or critical type of COVID‐19 than those without a history of chronic heart disease (odds ratio [OR]: 56.038, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.764–1136.053,p = .009). Old age (OR: 1.055, 95% CI: 1.016–1.095,p = .006), high heart rate in admission (OR: 1.085, 95% CI: 1.03–1.144,p = .002), high respiratory rate in admission (OR: 1.635, 95% CI: 1.093–2.431,p = .017) were independently associated with severe or critical type in COVID‐19.ConclusionsProportion of severe or critical type increased with old age groups. Adults with old age and high heart rate, respiratory rate in admission and history of chronic heart disease were associated with severe or critical type in COVID‐19.
Longitudinal change in microRNA‐130a expression and its correlation with the risk of developing major adverse cardiovascular and cerebral events in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Wang Hong , Xu Jinglin , Wu Xinhong , Zheng Shouhao , Han Yingmin , Ding Guoming 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundMicroRNA‐130a (miR‐130a) regulates angio‐cellular dysregulation, atherosclerosis, and cardiocerebral injuries, serving as a biomarker for major adverse cardiovascular and cerebral events (MACCE) in several chronic diseases. However, its clinical application in patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), who are at a high risk of developing MACCE, has not been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to explore this aspect.MethodsmiR‐130a expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from 50 healthy controls (HCs) at recruitment and 257 ESRD patients undergoing CAPD at month (M)0, M12, M24, and M36 was determined by reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction. ESRD patients undergoing CAPD were followed up until MACCE occurred or M36. Then, MACCE were recorded, and MACCE‐free survival was calculated.ResultsmiR‐130a expression was significantly lower in ESRD patients undergoing CAPD than in HCs (p < 0.001). In addition, miR‐130a expression significantly decreased from M0 to M36 in ESRD patients undergoing CAPD (p < 0.001). Moreover, miR‐130a expression at M0, M12, and M24 was significantly lower in patients with MACCE than in those without MACCE (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, high miR‐130a expression at M0, M12, and M36 was significantly correlated with prolonged MACCE‐free survival in ESRD patients undergoing CAPD (all p < 0.05), and high miR‐130a expression at M0 was an independent factor for improved MACCE‐free survival (p = 0.015; hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidential interval): 0.456 (0.243–0.857)).ConclusionmiR‐130a expression decreases continuously with disease progression in patients with ESRD undergoing CAPD. Additionally, this expression is negatively correlated with MACCE risk in these patients.
Modulus characterization of cells with submicron colloidal probes by atomic force microscope
Authors: Lei Xiaojiao , Li Huiqin , Han Yao , Li Jinjin , Yu Fan , Liang Qi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractColloidal probes have been increasingly demanded for the characterization of cellular modulus in atomic force microscope because of their well‐defined geometry and large contact area with cell. In this work, submicron colloidal probes are prepared by scanning electron microscope/focused ion beam and compared with sharp tip and micron colloidal probe, in conjunction with loading velocity and indentation depth on the apparent elastic modulus. NIM and cartilage cells are used as specimens. The results show that modulus value measured by sharp tip changes significantly with loading velocity while remains almost stable by colloidal probes. Also, submicron colloidal probe is superior in characterizing the modulus with increasing indentation depth, which could help reveal the mechanical details of cellular membrane and the modulus of the whole cell. To test the submicron colloidal probe further, the modulus distribution map of cell is scanned with submicron colloidal probe of 50 nm radius during small and large indentation depths with high spatial resolution. The outcome of this work will provide the effective submicron colloidal probe according to the effect of loading velocity and indentation depth, characterizing the mechanical properties of the cells.
Isoradial immersions
Authors: Boutillier Cédric , Cimasoni David , de Tilière Béatrice 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIsoradial embeddings of planar graphs play a crucial role in the study of several models of statistical mechanics, such as the Ising and dimer models. Kenyon and Schlenker give a combinatorial characterization of planar graphs admitting an isoradial embedding, and describe the space of such embeddings. In this paper we prove two results of the same type for generalizations of isoradial embeddings: isoradial immersions and minimal immersions. We show that a planar graph admits a flat isoradial immersion if and only if its train‐tracks do not form closed loops, and that a bipartite graph has a minimal immersion if and only if it is minimal. In both cases we describe the space of such immersions. The techniques used are different in both settings, and distinct from those of Kenyon and Schlenker. We also give an application of our results to the dimer model defined on bipartite graphs admitting minimal immersions.
Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism, ACE activity, and COVID‐19: A rather controversial hypothesis. A case‐control study
Authors: Papadopoulou Anna , Fragkou Paraskevi C. , Maratou Eirini , Dimopoulou Dimitra , Kominakis Antonis , Kokkinopoulou Ioanna , Kroupis Christos , Nikolaidou Athina , Antonakos Georgios , Papaevangelou Vasiliki , Armaganidis Apostolos , Tsantes Argirios , Polyzogopoulou Eftychia , Tsiodras Sotirios , Antoniadou Anastasia , Moutsatsou Paraskevi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAccumulating data has shown a contribution of the renin‐angiotensin system in COVID‐19 pathogenesis. The role of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism as a risk factor in developing COVID‐19 disease comes from epidemiological data and is controversially discussed. We conducted a retrospective case‐control study and assessed the impact of ACE I/D genotype in COVID‐19 disease prevalence and severity. In 81 COVID‐19 patients explicitly characterized and 316 controls, recruited during the first wave of COVID‐19 pandemic, ACE I/D genotype, and ACE activity were determined. A generalized linear model was used and Poisson regression analysis estimated the risk ratios (RRs) of alleles and genotypes for disease severity. DD patients had almost 2.0‐fold increased risk (RR: 1.886, confidence limit [CL] 95%: 1.266–2.810, p = 0.0018) of developing a more severe disease when contrasted to ID and II individuals, as did D allele carriers compared to I carriers (RR: 1.372; CL 95%: 1.051–1.791; p = 0.0201). ACE activity (expressed as arbitrary units, AU/L) was lower in patients (3.62 ± 0.26) than in controls (4.65 ± 0.13) (p < 0.0001), and this reduction was observed mainly among DD patients compared to DD controls (3.97 ± 0.29 vs. 5.38 ± 0.21; p = 0.0014). Our results demonstrate that ACE DD genotype may predispose to COVID‐19 increased disease severity via a mechanism associated, at least in part, with the significant fall in their ACE activity. Our findings suggest a more complex pattern of synergy between this polymorphism and ACE activity in COVID‐19 patients compared to healthy individuals and set the grounds for large‐scale studies assessing ACE genotype‐based optimized therapies with ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers.
Sphingoid base in pineapple glucosylceramide suppresses experimental allergy by binding leukocyte mono‐immunoglobulin‐like receptor 3
Authors: Takemura Ayumi , Ohto Nobuaki , Kuwahara Hiroshige , Mizuno Masashi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe increase in patients suffering from type I hypersensitivity, including hay fever and food allergy, is a serious public health issue around the world. Recent studies have focused on allergy prevention by food factors with fewer side effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary glucosylceramide from pineapples (P‐GlcCer) on type I hypersensitivity and elucidate mechanisms.RESULTSOral administration of P‐GlcCer inhibited ear edema in passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction. In a Caco‐2/RBL‐2H3 co‐culture system, P‐GlcCer inhibited β‐hexosaminidase release from RBL‐2H3 cells. The direct treatment of P‐GlcCer on RBL‐2H3 did not affect β‐hexosaminidase release, but sphingoid base moiety of P‐GlcCer did. These results predicted that sphingoid base, a metabolite of P‐GlcCer, through the intestine inhibited type I hypersensitivity by inhibiting mast cell degranulation. In addition, the inhibitory effects of P‐GlcCer on ear edema and degranulation of RBL‐2H3 cells were canceled by pretreatment of leukocyte mono‐immunoglobulin‐like receptor 3 (LMIR3)‐Fc, which can block LMIR3‐mediated inhibitory signals.CONCLUSIONIt was demonstrated that a sphingoid base, one of the metabolites of P‐GlcCer, may inhibit mast cell degranulation by binding to LMIR3. The oral administration of P‐GlcCer is a novel and attractive food factor that acts directly on mast cells to suppress allergy. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
The Value of Chinese Thyroid Imaging Report and Data System Combined With Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound Scoring in Differential Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Cao Haiyan , Fan Qi , Zhuo Shuangshuang , Qi Tingyue , Sun Hongguang , Rong Xin , Xiao Xiao , Zhang Wen , Zhu Linhai , Wang Lei 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesTo explore the diagnostic value of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) combined with the Chinese Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (C‐TIRADS) for differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.MethodsA retrospective analysis of the conventional ultrasound and CEUS data of 388 nodules in 355 patients who had undergone thyroid nodule resection was conducted. All nodules had clear pathological results. The CEUS observation indexes included the enhancement degree in the arterial phase (no enhancement, scant punctate‐linear enhancement, mild enhancement, moderate enhancement, and high enhancement) and wash‐out patterns (rapid wash‐out, slow wash‐out, and isochronous wash‐out). Chi‐square test between groups and receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were used to determine the malignant (+1 point) and benign (−1 point) observation indexes that were statistically significant for the differentiation between benign and malignant thyroid nodules. The CEUS and C‐TIRADS malignant and benign indexes were combined to score and draw the ROC curve, which was compared with the ROC curve scored by C‐TIRADS alone to compare the diagnostic efficacy of the two methods for differentiating between benign and malignant thyroid nodules.ResultsAmong the CEUS observation indexes, mild enhancement and rapid wash‐out were malignant indexes, while isochronous wash‐out was a benign index. The best diagnostic cut‐off value for the differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules using the C‐TIRADS score and the C‐TIRADS and CEUS combined score (C‐TIRADS + CEUS score) was 2. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPV), and negative predictive values (NPV) of the two methods were 79.97, 75.48, 82.9, 70.5%, and 89.7, 72.9, 83.3, 82.5%, respectively. The area under the curve values were 0.840 and 0.877 (P < .001), respectively.ConclusionsThe CEUS feature of mild enhancement in the arterial phase and rapid wash‐out pattern are suggestive of malignancy and isochronous wash‐out pattern is suggestive of benignity. The C‐TIRADS + CEUS score has a higher value for distinguishing benign from malignant thyroid nodules than the C‐TIRADS score alone.
Grading System and Surgical Strategy for Temporal Bone Diffuse‐Type Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor
Authors: Lin Feng , Zhang Yibo , Zhao Peng , Kong Dedi , Feng Yisi , Dai Chunfu 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesTo develop a novel grading system and appropriate surgical approaches for patients with diffuse type tensosynovial giant cell tumor (D‐TGCT) of the temporal bone.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 31 patients with temporal bone D‐TGCT between June 2012 and July 2021. All patients underwent comprehensive clinical evaluations, including clinical presentations, hearing threshold, imaging studies, surgical approaches, and prognosis. A grading system was developed based on the tumor location and adjacent neurovascular structures involvement according to imaging and intraoperative findings.ResultsIn this study, grade II tumors were the most common (13/31), followed by grades I (7/31), III (7/31), and IV (4/31) tumors. Seven grade I patients received the subtemporal middle cranial fossa approach (SMCF) combined with the canal wall up mastoidectomy and tympanoplasty (CWUT). Nine grade II patients underwent SMCF combined with subtotal petrosectomy (SPTR), and four grade II patients underwent SMCF combined with CWUT. Seven grade III patients received SMCF combined with SPTR and dura mater reconstruction, and four grade IV patients underwent infratemporal fossa approach type B. Gross total resection was achieved in all patients, and the median follow‐up time was 30.1 months (range, 4–96 months). Three patients (one grade II, one grade III, and one grade IV) had recurrence during follow‐up, and the patient with grade III tumor had two recurrences.ConclusionsGross total resection is the first‐line treatment for patients with D‐TGCT of the temporal bone. This novel grading system enables surgeons to select optimal surgical strategy. Long‐term follow‐up is mandatory postoperatively.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 132:1275–1284, 2022