bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti - inflammatory activity of ten indigenous plants in carrageenan induced paw oedema in albino rats
Authors: Durgoji Rao Manjula Shimoga , Kumar Sucheta Prasanna , Krishnanada Rao Vasanthalaxmi 
Published: October 2021

Introduction and Aim: Inflammation is a symptom associated with many diseases, can be treated with steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which can cause severe side effects when used as long-term treatments. Plants have the ability to synthesize a wide verity of phytochemical compounds as secondary metabolites which shows anti-inflammatory activity. The anti-inflammatory activity of crude extracts of leaves of Jasminum grandiflorum (Jg), Vinca rosea (Vr), Azadirachta indica (Ai), Lawsonia inermis (Li), Nerium indicum (Ni), Calotropis gigantea (Cg), Tectona grandis (Tg), Andrographis paniculata (Ap), Tabernaemontana corymbosa (Tc) and Marsedinia volubilis (Mv) as well as alcoholic extracts of leaves of Cg, Tg and Ap were evaluated in Wistar rats.

Methods: Acute anti-inflammatory activity of crude extracts of ten indigenous plants were studied by calculating the volume changes in the hind paw after injecting carrageenan in rats comparing with Ibuprofen which was used as a standard drug in this study. Anti-inflammatory effect of alcoholic extract of leaves of Ap, Tg and Cg (200mg/kg body weight) also studied.

Results: The groups treated with crude extract & alcoholic extract of Cg, Tg and Ap showed significant reduction in the oedema compared to control and other plant extracts. The result was very significant in Ap treated rats.

Conclusion: Plants are one of the most important sources of medicines. In our study, the anti-inflammatory activity of ten indigenous plants could be due to presence of naturally occurring antioxidant flavonoids. The leaves of Ap are very rich in flavonoids, could be the reason for significant anti-inflammatory activity found in Ap treated rats.
A study of immunohistochemical expression of PD-L1 in gastric carcinoma
Authors: Bodepudi Srija , Muralitharan Susruthan , Gunabooshanam Barathi 
Published: October 2021

Introduction and Aim: Aberrant over expression of PD L1 by tumours and tumour infiltrating lymphocytes provide an immune shield to the tumours. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of over expression of PD L1 in tumour cells and tumour infiltrating lymphocytes on various clinicopathological aspects of gastric carcinoma including the follow up and survival analysis.

Materials and Methods: Paraffin blocks were retrieved from 100 cases of primary gastric carcinoma who underwent curative resection. Immunostaining was done using a qualitative immunohistochemical assay from Ventana Roche with rabbit monoclonal anti PD-L1 clone SP142 intended for use in the assessment of the PD-L1 protein in formalin -fixed, paraffin -embedded (FFPE) tissue.

Results: Out of 100 cases 65 were males and 35 were females. PD-L1 expression is observed in tumour cells in 17 cases and tumour infiltrating immune cells in 44 cases. Statistically significant correlation of expression of PD-L1 was observed with the clinicopathological characteristics like, larger tumour size (p value 0.03), lymphovascular invasion (p value 0.01), lymph node metastasis (p value 0.01) and higher tumour stage (p value 0.02). Two years follow up did not show any statistically significant correlation between PD-L1 expression in tumour cells and tumour infiltrating immune cells and survival (p value 0.27).

Conclusion: Present study shows a substantial expression of PD-L1 in patients with gastric carcinoma. Hence PD-L1 immunohistochemistry can be potentially helpful in screening candidates for anti PD-L1 therapy.
Effect of a mannose to the interactions between Naegleria fowleri and pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Jung Suk-Yul 
Published: October 2021

Introduction and Aim: In this study, the interaction between pathogenic Naegleria fowleri and pathogenic bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Enterococcus faecalis and Salmonella typhi was analyzed by a monosaccharide of mannose. Moreover, since the form of N. fowleri was found in diseases as cysts, the interaction between cysts and bacteria was analyzed.

Materials and Methods: In order to analyze the role of a monosaccharide called mannose in bacterial interaction, the analysis of bacterial association, invasion, and survival for amoeba treated with mannose was performed. N. fowleri trophozoites or cysts were pre-treated with a mannose at a concentration of 10, 50 and 100 mM for 1 hr at 37°C.

Results: The MRSA association was hardly suppressed until the concentration of mannose was 50 mM, but its association was reduced by about 168% to N. fowleri trophozoites by 100 mM mannose. Compared to the results for MRSA, the association of E. faecalis had little effect by mannose. Very interestingly, although S. typhi showed much higher invasion than the above MRSA and E. faecalis, it did not survive at all within N. fowleri trophozoites. Ten mM mannose showed a nearly similar 1% association with N. fowleri cyst treated, but not with 50 mM and 100 mM mannose treated N. fowleri cyst at all.

Conclusion: The association and invasion of S. typhi was highest for N. fowleri trophozoites and cysts, but the three bacteria did not survive in N. fowleri trophozoites and cysts.
Anatomical variations of sulci in human fetal cerebrum and its clinical significance
Authors: Pandian Muthuchitra , Sabnis Anjali , Gautam Shroff 
Published: October 2021

Introduction and Aim: Appearance of sulci and its number in the fetal cerebrum is a signal of growth and development. Chronological appearance and symmetrical development of sulci corresponds to gestational age of fetus. Few sulci can be visualized in the prenatal period to judge the growth of fetus. Any change in chronological appearance, symmetry and number of sulci in fetal cerebrum is of prime importance.

Materials and Methods: Hundred and six cerebral hemispheres of 53 fetal brains of different gestational ages were collected from MGM Hospital Kalamboli and Aurangabad after institutional ethical approval to study the pattern of sulci on both sides after fixing in 10% formalin.

Results: In 6 (5.6 %) cerebral hemispheres variation in appearance of sulci was observed. It was noted that there is change in number of superior temporal sulcus (STS), superior frontal sulcus (SFS), parieto-occipital sulcus (POS), calcarine sulcus (CS) and occipitotemporal sulcus (OTS) on both the sides in 6 cerebral hemispheres. Remaining 100 cerebral hemisphere showed normal, symmetrical appearance and number of sulci.

Conclusion: It was observed that the fetal cerebral hemispheres which showed variations in appearance and number of sulci were associated with mother having eclampsia.
financiamiento y su influencia en la liquidez de las micro y pequeñas empresas agroexportadoras en la Región Lima Provincias 2015 - 2016
Authors: Ramos Romero Miguel Fernando 
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: Determinar si el financiamiento de las Instituciones Financieras, influyen en la liquidez de las Micros y Pequeñas Empresas Agroexportadoras de la Región Lima Provincias. Material y Método: Se aplicó una Investigación de tipo no experimental, cuyo diseño metodológico es transaccional correlacional, con una muestra de 63 empresarios elegidos de manera aleatoria simple que se usa en variables cualitativas, y para la prueba de hipótesis se usó la distribución Chi Cuadrada, pues los datos para el análisis deben estar en forma de frecuencias. Resultados: La evaluación entre las variables Factoring (X1) y Recuperación de las cuentas por cobrar (Y1); Leasing Financiero (X2) y Programa de egresos del flujo de caja (Y2); Garantías requeridas y Fondos sujetos a restricción (Y3), obteniéndose el valor del estadístico de la tabla estadística de Chi Cuadrado X2c = 31,686, X2c = 33,343, X2c = 27,765, respectivamente. Conclusión: Se ha determinado que el financiamiento proporcionado por las instituciones financieras, influye positivamente en la liquidez de las Micros y Pequeñas Empresas Agroexportadoras de la Región Lima - Provincias.
El riesgo crediticio de la banca después de la pandemia COVID-19
Authors: Chávez Bravo Juan Carlos 
Published: October 2021

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo, revisar la producción científica sobre la capacidad de disminución del riesgo crediticio de la banca después de la pandemia Covid-19. Método Es de naturaleza descriptiva, se va a ocupar de describir eventos y hechos acontecidos sin encargarse de hacer predicciones correlaciones o predicciones, se ha realizado una búsqueda de información en las principales bases de datos relacionados al objetivo. El resultado de la investigación permite apreciar el rol de forma relevante que le corresponde liderar a los bancos en la orientación al mundo empresarial hacia su recuperación económica, al tiempo que preservan la salud de sus clientes Conclusiones A la banca le atañe una actuación trascendente que asumir en sostener a sus clientes para su restablecimiento económico ,por esa causa, opinan que la banca debe reformularse para entrar a una nueva normalidad que nos tocara vivir a todos sin excepción.
Datos abiertos y reutilización en el contexto de la Estrategia europea de datos
Authors: Valero Torrijos Julián 
Published: October 2021

En los últimos años hemos asistido a un importante proceso de modernización tecnológica en España que ha afectado a las Administraciones Públicas. Más allá de las limitaciones en la regulación, en este proceso se percibe la importancia de los datos en general y de los datos abiertos en particular como uno de los ejes principales para reforzar las exigencias y principios del Gobierno Abierto. En esta ponencia se pretende analizar la evolución del marco normativo aplicable en España y ponerlo en relación con las recientes iniciativas que está impulsando la Unión Europea para promocionar la reutilización de la información del sector público y los datos abiertos.
In the last few years we have witnessed a significant process of technological modernisation in Spain that has impacted on Public Administrations. Beyond the limitations in the regulation, in this process the importance of data and open data particularly is perceived as one of the main axes to strengthen the requirements and principles of Open Government. This lecture aims to analyse the evolution of the regulatory framework applicable in Spain and to connect it with the recent initiatives being promoted by the European Union to foster the reuse of public sector information and open data.
Desalination Technique on Seaweeds Hydrolysate Eucheuma Cottonii for Bioethanol Production
Authors: Fakhrudin Jaini , Setyaningsih Dwi , Rahayuningsih Mulyorini 
Published: October 2021

The dissolved salts on Eucheuma cottonii hydrolysate interfere the growth of S. cerevisiae in the fermentation as it is considered as inhibitors. These salts are derived from biomass and formed from the chemicals used for hydrolysis processes such as H2SO4 and CaOH2. Ions and cations of the salts are potential as inhibitors such as Na+, Cl-, NH4+, SO42-. Osmotic pressure is raised due to the presence of salt. The efforts had been made to reduce salinity level through electrodialysis. The objective of this study was to eliminate dissolved salts in the hydrolysate in order to optimize the process of fermentation and increase ethanol yield. The results showed that the process of desalination by electrodialysis was able to reduce the salinity of 20% on the voltage of 5 V for 30 minutes; the voltage 9 V for 15 minutes; the voltage 12 V for 30 minutes. The lowest decline of SO42- occurred at treatment of 12 V for 45 minutes. The content of sulfate in the treatment decreased to 2.97 g/l or 46.22%. The more sulfate is reduced through the electrodialysis process, the better the fermentation process is carried out. Desalination treatment at a voltage of 5 V for 30 minutes had been the best treatment because it produced the highest ethanol yield of 2.06%. All the voltage treatments and the length of time on the electrodialysis process had a significant influence on the levels of ethanol yield. The process of desalination by electrodialysis was able to reduce the levels of dissolved salts, then it had a significant effect on ethanol yield.
Packaging Design Model Of Talang Salted Fish Processing Industry Using Value Engineering Method
Authors: Amri Amri , Muhammad Jalil Saifuddin , Bahri Syamsul , Fatimah Fatimah 
Published: October 2021

One of the products that need attention, especially related to packaging, is the Talang Salted Fish product, which has been selling Talang Salted Fish without using packaging. So that this study aims to design the packaging of talang salted fish to add selling value which can later be an attraction for consumers to buy it. The method used is value engineering and the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The value engineering method is applied to increase the value, performance, and cost of packaging design consisting of brand criteria, net weight measurement, product identity, attractiveness, color suitability, typography, and font size. The Analytical Hierarchy Process method is applied at the analysis stage to help determine the priority criteria in accordance with the wishes of consumers. The results showed that the alternative design with the highest performance value was alternative 1 (A-B-D-E), namely the design with packaging materials made of transparent plastic, the colors used were bright, the packaging was rectangular and all capital letters were used. This selected alternative design has a value of 0.039. This value is obtained from the performance of 38.9 and the cost of Rp. 1000 per pack.
De la periferia y el periurbano al margen: comprendiendo el espacio de expansión de la ciudad latinoamericana
Authors: Robles Robles María Sarella , Rodríguez Norma , Hidalgo Dattwyler Rodrigo 
Published: October 2021

Los trabajos sobre el espacio de expansión de las ciudades latinoamericanas toman principalmente las reflexiones teórico-metodológicas surgidas en otros contextos socio-espaciales. No obstante, recientemente surge un llamado desde los estudios urbanos postcoloniales a abrirse a entender la producción espacial desde el contexto del Sur Global. Considerando lo anterior, se presenta una propuesta teórica-metodológica alternativa que podría evidenciar la producción de un espacio no reconocido por las categorías predominantes en la literatura. En términos teóricos, los espacios diferenciados podrían ser interpretados desde el margen, entendido como un espacio localizado fuera de la totalidad preexistente, por lo que permite la producción de nuevas formas espaciales. En términos de método, se propone un razonamiento dialéctico analógico para identificar las semejanzas y diferencias entre el espacio de expansión y las categorías predominantes utilizadas para interpretarlo. Para lograr lo anterior, se estudia el espacio geográfico desde una perspectiva que integre sus dimensiones físicas y sociales. Finalmente, la metodología se presenta tomando como casos a la ciudad de Santiago en Chile, y Morelia en México.
Formação de professores de libras (L2) com foco nos gêneros sinalizadores: uma experiência de extensão universitária
Authors: Saúde Conceição de Maria Costa , Lima Niédja Maria Ferreira de 
Published: October 2021

Neste texto, relatamos a experiência vivenciada no projeto de extensão “Ensino de Libras como L2: formação de professores de Libras”- UFCG/PROBEX 2018, que teve como objetivo maior promover a formação de docentes surdos e discentes de Letras Libras (surdos e ouvintes) para o ensino de Libras como L2, respaldadas no interacionismo sóciodiscusivo e na educação bilíngue para surdos. Para isso, apresentamos as ações desenvolvidas: estudos teóricos; vídeos com gêneros sinalizadores do PROBEX 2017; e propostas de didatização dos gêneros elaboradas pelos extensionistas para o ensino de Libras como L2. Acreditamos que esse processo formativo contribuiu para redimensionar suas concepções e práticas pedagógicas de ensino de Libras (L2).
Palavras-chave: Extensão na UFCG. Educação de surdos. Formação de Professores Libras (L2). Gêneros Sinalizadores.
Freire, dialogic feedback, and power issues
Authors: Indah Rosaria 
Published: October 2021

The centrality of feedback is undeniable in education. However, not all feedback effectively encourages learning or improves performance due to predicaments in feedback delivery and receptivity. Several studies suggest other ways where feedback is offered in a dialogic fashion instead of a monologic one. Nevertheless, few papers do so in the context of medical education, especially when the learning processes involve marginalized people such as disaster-affected patients. This paper draws on autoethnographic experiences of providing dialogic feedback for medical students using Paolo Freire's dialogue concepts. This feedback was given during reflective sessions in community-based medical education at post-disaster areas in Aceh, Indonesia. The findings show that Freire's dialogue concepts help assess dialogic feedback quality and offer insights into power relations between teachers and students. To achieve the aim of providing dialogic feedback --obtaining new understandings-- educators need to establish a more equal position in teacher-student relationships. In sum, the findings highlight the applicability of Freire's concept of dialogue in offering feedback for students especially when the training takes place in a context of marginalized people.
Reinventing Freire in the 21st century:
Authors: Bartlett Tara , Schugurensky Daniel 
Published: October 2021

This year we remember three centennials that inspire many progressive educators around the world. First, 2021 marks the 100th anniversary of the creation of Summerhill, one of the first experiments (if not the first) on school democracy in the world. Second, this year we celebrate the 100th birthday of Edgar Morin, a French sociologist and philosopher who dedicated his life to the pursuit of social justice and made insightful contributions to the role of education to promote democracy, equality, social transformation, and sustainability (see, for instance, Morin 2002). Third, this year marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of Paulo Freire (1921-1997), one of the most influential educational thinkers of the second half of the 20th century. Given space constraints and the theme of this special issue of CICE, in this paper we will focus on the connections between some of Paulo Freire’s ideas (particularly those related to citizenship education and school democracy) and a process known as School Participatory Budgeting.
“I don't want to be followed; I want to be reinvented”, Paulo Freire said on several occasions. It is in this spirit that we approach this paper. Inspired by Freire’s ideas, and especially by his practice as an educator in Brazil (both before his exile and after his return), in this paper we discuss the recent development and expansion of a process known as School Participatory Budgeting (School PB). This model emanates from Freire’s project of Escola Cidadã, which constitutes an interesting school- or district-wide experience from the global south that can be adapted to many contexts. Since its modest origins in Brazil, School PB has now been taken up in other cities and states across the US (e.g. Chicago, New York) and in many other countries across the globe, from Argentina and Mexico to Colombia, Spain, Russia, France, Italy, Zambia, South Korea, and Portugal. We argue that School PB aligns well with Freire’s ideas on dialogue, participation, collaboration, creativity, student agency, and change. In this paper we focus on the experience of School PB in Arizona, not only because it was in Arizona where the first School PB process in the U.S. was designed and implemented, but also because it has been a place for continuous experimentation and innovation.
Paulo Freire’s Pedagogy of Liberation
Authors: Cortina Regina , Winter Marcella 
Published: October 2021

To highlight the significance of Freire’s pedagogy, this article draws from the work of decolonial thinkers in Latin American and Enrique Dussel’s philosophy in order to understand Freire’s pedagogy of liberation. Two concepts in Freire’s work, conscientização and praxis, are key to understanding how awakening the consciousness of teachers and learners can empower them in transforming an unjust world. For Freire, the collaboration between teachers and learners is essential to the self-transformation of leaners for their own liberation. This innovative and transformative pedagogy inspired literacy campaigns and social justice movements around the globe and constitutes Freire's legacy.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN KONSELING KB TERHADAP PEMILIHAN KONTRASEPSI JANGKA PANJANG (MKJP) DI KELURAHAN BELAWAN BAHAGIA TAHUN 2018
Authors: Tesya Mulianda Resy , Yohana Gultom Destyna 
Published: October 2021

Program Keluarga Berencana (KB) merupakan Salah satu program untuk menurunkan angka kematian ibu dan menekan angka pertumbuhan penduduk. Pengertian MKJP(Metode kontra sepsi jangka panjang) adalah kontrasepsi yang dapat dipakai dalam jangka waktu lama, lebih dari dua tahun, efektif dan efisien untuk tujuan menjarangkan kelahiran lebih dari 3 tahun atau untuk mengakhiri kehamilan pada pasangan yang tidak mengingini tambah anak lagi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh pemberian konseling KB oleh petugas lapangan keluarga berencana (PLKB) terhadap ibu dalam pemilihan metode kontrasepsi jangka panjang (MKJP) di Kelurahan Belawan Bahagia Tahun 2018. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian studi analitik, dengan jenis penelitian observasional dengan mencari pengaruh antar variable dan dilakukan analisis terhadap data yang dikumpulkan dan seberapa besar hubungan antar variable serta menggunakan data primer dan juga data sekunder. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan crosssectional sebagai rancangan penelitian. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua peserta KB aktif yang bertempat tinggal di Kelurahan Belawan Bahagia Kecamatan Medan Belawan Kota Madya Medan berjumlah 1245orang, kemudian dilakukan tehnik pengundian sampai didapat jumlah sampel 166 sampel. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwapemilihan materi dan media konseling yang baik, serta meode yang tepat mayoritas menggunakan Metode Kontrasepsi Jangka Panjang (MKJP). Ada pengaruh materi, media dan metode konseling terhadap MKJP dengan p.value <0,05.
PENGARUH STATUS GIZI TERHADAP KEJADIAN TB PARU PADA ANAK USIA 1-5 TAHUN YANG TELAH MENDAPATKAN IMUNISASI BCG DI RSU IMELDA PEKERJA INDONESIA TAHUN 2016
Authors: Fauza Rahmawani 
Published: October 2021

Tuberculosis (TB) pada anak sering kali tidak terdiagnosis dari mereka lahir sampai berusia 15 tahun karena keterbatasan dalam akses ke pelayanan kesehatan atau karena petugas kesehatan yang merawat tidak siap untuk mengenali tanda-tanda dan gejala TB. Faktor penyebab terjadinya TB adalah Status Imunisasi, Lingkungan, dan kontak dengan penderita TB/riwayat penyakit TB keluaraga. Jenis penelitian ini adalah case control, yang dilakukan di RSU Imelda Pekerja Indonesia Medan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 33 orang dan sampel yang digunakan adalah total populasi yang terdiri dari 33 orang kelompok kasus dan 33 orang kelompok kontrol. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari analisis unvariat, analisis bivariat dengan chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa status gizi berpengaruh terhadap kejadian TB paru pada anak usia 1-5 tahun yang telah mendapatkan imunisasi BCG di RSU Imelda Pekerja Indonesia Medan dengan nilai p < 0,05, nilai OR = 5,812 (95% CI = 1,148 – 29.436) artinya anak yang status gizinya tidak normal 5,8 kali lebih berisiko terkena infeksi paru dibandingkan dengan anak yang status gizinya tidak normal. Disarankan kepada tenaga kesehatan untuk memberikan informasi tentang tanda dan gejala TB paru, pencegahan terjadinya infeksi TB paru, serta pemberian makanan bergizi untuk pemenuhan zat-zat gizi pada anak untuk peningkatan daya tahan tubuh anak melalui konseling ataupun penyuluhan.