bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential value of urine lateral-flow lipoarabinomannan (LAM) test for diagnosing tuberculosis among severely acute malnourished children
Authors: Schramm Birgit , Nganaboy Rodrigue C. , Uwiragiye Piex , Mukeba Didier , Abdoubara Aboubacar , Abdou Illa , Nshimiymana Jean-Claude , Sounna Seyni , Hiffler Laurent , Flevaud Laurence , Huerga Helena 
Published: May 2021

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious co-morbidity among children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and TB diagnosis remains particularly challenging in the very young. We explored whether, in a low HIV-prevalence setting, the detection of mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan (LAM) antigen in urine may assist TB diagnosis in SAM children, a pediatric population currently not included in LAM-testing recommendations. To that end, we assessed LAM test-positivity among SAM children with and without signs or symptoms of TB.

Methods
A cross-sectional assessment (February 2016-August 2017) included children <5 years with SAM from an Intensive-Therapeutic-Feeding-Centre in Madaoua, Niger. Group 1: children with signs or symptoms suggestive of TB. Group 2: children without any sign or symptom of TB. Urine-specimens were subjected to DetermineTM TB-LAM lateral-flow-test (using a 4-grade intensity scale for positives). LAM-results were used for study purposes and not for patient management. Programmatic TB-diagnosis was primarily based on patients’ clinical symptoms and TB contact history with no systematic access to X-ray or microbiological reference testing.

Results
102 (Group 1) and 100 children (Group 2) were included (median age 18 months, 59.4% male, 1.0% HIV-positive). In Group 1, 22 (21.6%) children were started on TB-treatment (probable TB) and none of the children in Group 2. LAM-positivity was 52.0% (53/102) and 37.0% (37/100) in Group 1 and 2, respectively. Low-intensity (Grade 1) LAM test-positivity was similarly high in both Groups (37.3% and 36.0%, respectively), while Grade 2 or 3-positives were mainly detected in Group 1 (Group 1: 14.7%, Group 2: 1.0%, p<0.001). When considering only Grades >1 as positive, LAM-testing detected 22.7% (95%CI: 7.8, 45.4) among probable TB cases, while 99% (95%CI: 94.6, 99.9) of unlikely TB cases (Group 2) tested negative.

Conclusion
These findings suggest the potential utility of LAM urine testing in HIV-negative children with SAM. Determine LAM-positivity with Grades >1 may identify HIV-negative SAM children that are eligible for rapid TB-treatment initiation, though low-intensity (Grade 1) LAM-positive results may not be helpful in this way. Further studies in this specific pediatric population are warranted, including evaluations of new generation LAM tests.
Identification of a variant in NDP associated with X-linked retinal dysplasia in the English cocker spaniel dog
Authors: Joyce Hannah , Burmeister Louise M. , Wright Hattie , Fleming Lorraine , Oliver James A. C. , Mellersh Cathryn 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
Three related male English Cocker Spaniels (ECS) were reported to be congenitally blind. Examination of one of these revealed complete retinal detachment. A presumptive diagnosis of retinal dysplasia (RD) was provided and pedigree analysis was suggestive of an X-linked mode of inheritance. We sought to investigate the genetic basis of RD in this family of ECS.

Methods
Following whole genome sequencing (WGS) of the one remaining male RD-affected ECS, two distinct investigative approaches were employed: a candidate gene approach and a whole genome approach. In the candidate gene approach, COL9A2, COL9A3, NHEJ1, RS1 and NDP genes were investigated based on their known associations with RD and retinal detachment in dogs and humans. In the whole genome approach, affected WGS was compared with 814 unaffected canids to identify candidate variants, which were filtered based on appropriate segregation and predicted pathogenic effects followed by subsequent investigation of gene function. Candidate variants were tested for appropriate segregation in the ECS family and association with disease was assessed using samples from a total of 180 ECS.

Results
The same variant in NDP (c.653_654insC, p.Met114Hisfs*16) that was predicted to result in 15 aberrant amino acids before a premature stop in norrin protein, was identified independently by both approaches and was shown to segregate appropriately within the ECS family. Association of this variant with X-linked RD was significant (P = 0.0056).

Conclusions
For the first time, we report a variant associated with canine X-linked RD. NDP variants are already known to cause X-linked RD, along with other abnormalities, in human Norrie disease. Thus, the dog may serve as a useful large animal model for research.
US adults with diabetes mellitus: Variability in oral healthcare utilization
Authors: Baccaglini Lorena , Kusi Appiah Adams , Ray Mahua , Yu Fang 
Published: May 2021

Background
Diabetic patients are advised to have at least one dental examination per year. It is unclear to what extent different subgroups of US diabetic adults closely follow this recommendation. Thus, we assessed dental care utilization and related factors in a representative sample of US diabetic adults from rural and urban counties.

Methods
Cross-sectional data were from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Survey logistic regression was used to account for the complex sampling design.

Results
Among 40,585 eligible participants, 24,887 (60% of the population) had at least one dental visit for any reason within the past year. The lowest compliance was observed among edentulous participants (27%, adjusted OR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.22–0.31 vs. fully dentate). Dental compliance was also negatively associated with having a lower income or education, ever being a smoker, or having barriers to access to care. Rural residents had lower dental compliance compared to urban residents, particularly those without healthcare coverage.

Conclusions
Dental compliance among US adult diabetic individuals was low, particularly among rural residents, and as compared to other recommended diabetic care practices. Future public health interventions may target rural individuals without healthcare coverage, smokers and edentulous individuals. There is a need to integrate dental and medical care to facilitate cross-talks among different health professionals, so that educational preventive messages are reinforced at every healthcare visit.
Couples’ decision-making on post-partum family planning and antenatal counselling in Uganda: A qualitative study
Authors: Willcox Merlin L. , Mubangizi Vincent , Natukunda Silvia , Owokuhaisa Judith , Nahabwe Haeven , Nakaggwa Florence , Laughton Matthew , Chambers Isabella , Coates Sabine , King Emma , Fall Emma , Muller Ingrid , Goodhart Clare , Graffy Jonathan 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundAlthough health workers have been trained to provide post-partum family planning (PPFP), uptake remains low in Uganda. An important reason is that women want the agreement of their partner, who is often absent at the time of delivery. In order to address this, we aimed to understand the views of couples and explore barriers and facilitators to implementation of antenatal couples’ counselling on PPFP in Uganda.MethodsWe conducted individual interviews with a purposive sample of 12 postpartum and 3 antenatal couples; and 34 focus groups with a total of 323 participants (68 adolescent women, 83 women aged 20–49, 79 men, 93 health workers) in four contrasting communities (urban and rural) in South-West and Central Uganda. These were recorded, transcribed, translated, and analysed thematically.ResultsAlthough most participants felt that it is important for partners to discuss family planning, half of the couples were unaware of each other’s views on contraception. Most had similar views on motivation to use family planning but not on preferred contraceptive methods. Most liked the idea of antenatal couples’ counselling on PPFP. The main barrier was the reluctance of men to attend antenatal clinics (ANC) in health facilities. Respondents felt that Village Health Teams (VHTs) could provide initial counselling on PPFP in couples’ homes (with telephone support from health workers, if needed) and encourage men to attend ANC. Suggested facilitators for men to attend ANC included health workers being more welcoming, holding ANC clinics at weekends and “outreach” clinics (in rural villages far from health facilities).ConclusionAntenatal couples’ counselling has the potential to facilitate agreement PPFP, but some men are reluctant to attend antenatal clinics. Counselling at home by VHTs as well as simple changes to the organisation of antenatal clinics, could make it possible to deliver antenatal couples’ counselling on PPFP.
Construcción de sentidos y significados de la personalidad a través de la alfabetización de adultos
Authors: Pérez Juan Carlos Malagón , Moncada Gerardo Ortiz 
Published: May 2021

No México, os programas da alfabetização do adultos (INEA, 2011; INEA, 2016) geralmente se referem a suas implicações no ensino, na aprendizagem ou nos recursos educacionais envolvidos; no entanto - do um abordagem histórico-cultural -, os processos de alfabetização têm um impacto direto no desenvolvimento da personalidade e em identidade-cidadania (MALAGÓN, 2020). Neste estudo, a personalidade é entendida como a manifestação mais alta da atividade psíquica (VYGOTSKY, 1995), que muda constantemente devido à integração do cognitivo, do afetivo e do volitivo em diversos processos culturais (LEONTIEV, 1978; BOZHOVICH, 1976; ASMOLOV, 2002) tal como é a educação. O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar e interpretar os sentidos e significados configurados no processo de alfabetização do Instituto Nacional de Educação de Adultos (INEA) sobre a personalidade dos alunos. Para atingir esse objetivo, etnografia e entrevista são utilizadas como recursos metodológicos que permitem recuperar as experiências de alunos e educadores na rotina educacional. As informações foram interpretadas utilizando a técnica de análise temática proposta por Van Manen (2003), obtendo a recuperação dos sentidos e significados dos agentes educacionais participantes. Os resultados obtidos na análise temática permitem identificar o impacto que a alfabetização tem no desenvolvimento da personalidade, devido ao seu caráter comunicativo, mediação, representação da realidade e intercâmbio de significados.
How do pre-service chemistry teachers rate the importance of content in organic chemistry during their chemistry studies at university?
Authors: Hermanns Jolanda 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this article a cross-sectional study on the students’ rating with regard to the contents in organic chemistry will be discussed. Pre-service teachers rated the contents with a questionnaire during their bachelor or master studies. It was shown that the pre-service chemistry teachers during their master studies rated the content as more important than the bachelor students. One possible explanation can be that the master students have teaching experience due to their internships at school whereas the bachelor students can only rely on their experience from their own school days. Overall, content belonging to the school curriculum in the federal state “Brandenburg” where the pre-service teachers’ university is located was rated better than content that was not a part of this curriculum. Concepts were not rated significantly better than the content. Because of the importance of conceptual knowledge for the future profession as a teacher, the courses in organic chemistry will be redesigned with a clear focus on concepts.
Highly Cr(vi)-tolerant Staphylococcus simulans assisting chromate evacuation from tannery effluent
Authors: Kalsoom Asma , Batool Rida , Jamil Nazia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chromium(vi) contaminated sites have been targeted for studying highly chromate-resistant bacteria. From a total of 23 Cr(vi)-resistant bacteria isolated on Luria-Bertani agar medium supplemented with K2CrO4 (1,500 μg/mL), only one strain UT8 (Staphylococcus simulans) was able to tolerate high concentration of chromate, i.e., up to 200 mg/mL in agar medium from tannery effluent. In acetate minimal medium (AMM), it showed maximum tolerance of up to 2,500 μg/mL. Cr(vi) removal potential was 94.6% after 24 h (K2CrO4 1,500 μg/mL). Parametric conditions were optimized in AMM to attain maximum chromate removal. Exopolysaccharides extracted from bacterial cells exposed to chromate exhibited major absorption shifts from 2,500 to 500 cm−1 revealed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Energy-disperse X-ray spectroscopy further confirmed the adsorption of oxyanions to the bacterial cells. Surface topography of the Cr(vi) treated cells showed transformation into concave shape by scanning electron microscopy. The presence of resistance genes, i.e., chromate reductase (chrR) and class I integrase (intI1), further confirmed tolerance toward chromate. Microarray data analysis of transcriptional gene expression suggested upregulation of cys gene cluster under chromate exposure. Concisely, the present investigations revealed the potential of S. simulans to be an effective candidate for chromate reclamation of wastewater.
Functional genomics meta-analysis to identify gene set enrichment networks in cardiac hypertrophy
Authors: Angeloni Miriam , Thievessen Ingo , Engel Felix B. , Magni Paolo , Ferrazzi Fulvia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn order to take advantage of the continuously increasing number of transcriptome studies, it is important to develop strategies that integrate multiple expression datasets addressing the same biological question to allow a robust analysis. Here, we propose a meta-analysis framework that integrates enriched pathways identified through the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) approach and calculates for each meta-pathway an empiricalp-value. Validation of our approach on benchmark datasets showed comparable or even better performance than existing methods and an increase in robustness with increasing number of integrated datasets. We then applied the meta-analysis framework to 15 functional genomics datasets of physiological and pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Within these datasets we grouped expression sets measured at time points that represent the same hallmarks of heart tissue remodeling (‘aggregated time points’) and performed meta-analysis on the expression sets assigned to each aggregated time point. To facilitate biological interpretation, results were visualized as gene set enrichment networks. Here, our meta-analysis framework identified well-known biological mechanisms associated with pathological cardiac hypertrophy (e.g., cardiomyocyte apoptosis, cardiac contractile dysfunction, and alteration in energy metabolism). In addition, results highlighted novel, potentially cardioprotective mechanisms in physiological cardiac hypertrophy involving the down-regulation of immune cell response, which are worth further investigation.
comunicación de los grandes destinos urbanos internacionales en Twitter
Authors: Pastor-Marín Francisco Manuel , Cabrera González María Ángeles , Paniagua-Rojano Francisco Javier 
Published: May 2021

El objetivo general de este trabajo es analizar la estrategia de comunicación que aplican grandes destinos turísticos de carácter urbano a través de Twitter, considerada como una de las principales herramientas de microblogging. Para ello, se examina la actividad, los temas más utilizados, los formatos y la capacidad para generar interacción con los usuarios y los potenciales visitantes. Como técnica metodológica, se propone el análisis de contenido de las cuentas oficiales de los destinos incluidos en el estudio ‘City Tourism Performance Research’, que recoge casos de éxito en el turismo urbano, a los que se suma Málaga, por haber sido elegida por la Comisión Europea como Capital de Turismo Inteligente. En total, se analizan 669 tuits publicados entre septiembre y octubre de 2019 en los perfiles oficiales de Twitter de Berlín, Bogotá, Buenos Aires, Copenhague, Ciudad del Cabo, Hangzhou, Linz, Málaga, Marrakech, Pekín, Tianjin, Tokio y Turín. Se observa que los destinos estudiados interaccionan poco con sus seguidores y apenas generan conversación. Twitter sigue siendo más utilizado como panel de información que como canal de interacción. Se concluye que esta red está en declive como vía de comunicación de los destinos turísticos, ya que los territorios mantienen en ella una presencia más intuitiva que estratégica pese a las posibilidades que ofrece en la escucha activa y la planificación.
Performance Characterization of Unsaturated Granular Soils Using Static and Dynamic Plate Load Test
Authors: Shaban Alaa M. , Almuhanna Raid R. , Jawad Ahelah A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Determination of the modulus of subgrade reaction (ks) is an essential geotechnical design parameter that describes the relationship between stress and the associated settlement of soils. The ks is typically obtained using a laborious and costly method called the plate load test (PLT), and thus, to overcome the limitations related to the PLT, determining an alternative testing technique that can easily predict the ks is a priority. The feasibility of using a light weight deflectometer (LWD), also known as the dynamic PLT, to determine the ks of unbound pavement layers was thus investigated in this research. Eighteen laboratory testing models of granular soils were prepared and tested using the dynamic PLT (LWD) in conjunction with the static PLT (PLT). The soils’ characteristics examined under both dynamic and static loading conditions were analyzed and correlated. A series of multiple nonlinear regression analyses were conducted using three groups of independent variables: (1) LWD measurements, (2) basic soil properties, and (3) LWD data plus basic soil properties. Several nonlinear regression models were developed to predict the modulus of subgrade reaction on the basis of the LWD measurements and selected soil characteristics. The results revealed that certain LWD measurements, including dynamic modulus (Ed), surface deflection (δ), and degree of compatibility (Dc), are strongly correlated with the results from PLT. Additionally, good correlations were identified between ks and maximum dry density, suggesting that using LWD measurements along with basic soil properties yields correlations with adequate prediction quality.
РЕЗОНАНСНІ КОЛИВАННЯ П’ЄЗОКЕРАМІЧНИХ ЦИЛІНДРІВ З УРАХУВАННЯМ ДИСИПАЦІЇ ЕНЕРГІЇ
Authors: Григор'єва Л. О. , Безверхий О. І. 
Published: May 2021

Досліджуються коливання радіально поляризованих циліндрів на резонансних частотах з урахуванням дисипації енергії. Для врахування електричних, механічних та діелектричних втрат вводяться комплексні матеріальні сталі. Для розв’язування використовується варіаційно-сплайновий метод. Проаналізовано коливання циліндрів з п'єзокераміки PZT -4 при моногармонічних електричних навантаженнях та різних граничних умовах на торцях, визначено резонансні частоти, досліджено вплив дисипації енергії на амплітудні значення при резонансах.
Fenomena Dakwah Salaf di Radio Tarbiyah Sunnah 1476 AM
Authors: Islami Zaki , Anugrah Dadan , Kusnawan Aep 
Published: May 2021

Dakwah salafiyah merupakan dakwah yang mulia dan suci, sebuah seruan yang mengajak seluruh umat manusia untuk memahami dan menjalani agama islam sebagaimana para sahabat Rasulullah, yang termasuk generasi umat saat ini, dakwah ini menyeru untuk mengikuti prinsip-prinsip mereka dalam berilmu, beramal, berjihad, berhubungan dengan penguasa, bermasyarakat, beramal ma’ruf nahi munkar, dan berbagai aktivitas kehidupan lainya, dakwah salafiyah berdiri di atas manhaj yang shohih, disinari oleh cahaya kenabian dan lentera salaful sholih serta bertumpu pada kebeningan niat, kebenaran prinsip, kemantapan landasan dan kemurnian ajaran di tengan badai fitnah serta istiqomah dalam membina umat menuju perubahan sejati, kajian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan paradigma interpretif. untuk menganlisa data metode yang digunakan adalah dengan metode fenomenologi. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara dan dokumentasi, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui makna dalwah fenomena dakwah salaf di radio tarbiyah sunnah.
Salafiyah propaganda is a noble and sacred propaganda, a call that invites all mankind to understand and live the religion of Islam as the companions of the Prophet, who belong to the current generation of people, call to follow their principles in knowledge, charity, jihad, associated with the authorities, community, charity ma'ruf nahi munkar, and various other life activities, the salafiyah propaganda stands on manhaj that is shohih, illuminated by the prophetic light and lanterns of the salaful sholih and rests on the calmness of intention, truth principles, foundation solidity and purity of teachings, illuminated by prophetic light and lanterns of salaful sholih and rests on the clarity of intentions, truth principles, solidity of the foundation and the purity of the teachings in the midst of the storm of slander and istiqomah in fostering people towards true change, this study is a qualitative research with an interpretive paradigm. to analyze the data the method used is the phenomenological method. Collecting data using interview and documentation techniques, this study aims to determine the meaning of the propaganda propaganda phenomena on the radio tarbiyah sunnah.