bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lateral Interaction and Transfer in the Tactile Memory of the Octopus
Authors: Wells M. J. , Young J. Z. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Blinded octopuses were trained to discriminate by touch between rough and smooth spheres, using the arms on one side only. Intact octopuses learned more rapidly than animals with the supraoesophageal brain split by a longitudinal cut. With the brain split before training no side-to-side transfer occurred. Animals operated upon in this way did not discriminate when tested on the untrained side. When intact octopuses were trained on both sides each side appeared to benefit from the experience gained by the other. The effect was difficult to evaluate because most of the errors in the experiments were due to taking the ‘negative’ object, with the result that raising the rate of training itself tends to improve performance by lowering the proportion of takes. Animals trained on one side and then split continued to discriminate on the trained side, though at a reduced level of accuracy. When tested on the untrained side the performance of these animals was variable, depending upon the exact position of the split. The best scores were made by octopuses with some trained-side tissue left in contact with the test side. Animals with exactly medial cuts continued to discriminate, though at a reduced level of accuracy. Octopuses with the untrained side damaged did not discriminate at all. Side-to-side transfer of the effects of tactile training can occur within the inferior frontal system. It can also be demonstrated to occur elsewhere in the supraoeso-phageal brain if the inferior frontal system has been split. Presumably this other pathway passes through the superior frontal/vertical lobe system. These results are considered in relation to visual experiments on interocular transfer and it is concluded that memory traces are established on both sides of the brain as a result of unilateral training.
Monosynaptic connexions between wing stretch receptors and flight motoneurones of the locust
Authors: Burrows M. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The connexions between stretch receptors of the wings and moto-neurones innervating flight muscles have been studied anatomically and physiologically. Filling with cobaltous chloride shows that the single neurone of a forewing stretch receptor has a complex pattern of branches within the mesothoracic ganglion and branches which extend into the pro- and metathoracic ganglia. The single neurone of a hindwing stretch receptor has extensive branches in the metathoracic ganglion and branches in the mesothoracic ganglion. The branches of both receptors are confined to the ipsilateral halves of the ganglia. A stretch receptor gives information about the velocity and extent of elevation of a wing. Each spike of a forewing stretch receptor causes an EPSP in ipsilateral mesothoracic depressor motoneurones and an IPSP in elevators. The connexions are thought to be monosynaptic for the following reasons. The EPSPs in the first basalar (depressor) motoneurone follow each spike of the stretch receptor at a frequency of 125 Hz and with a constant latency of about 1 msec. In a Ringer solution containing 20 mm-Mg2+ the amplitude EPSP declines gradually. The IPSPs upon elevators have similar properties but occur with a latency of 4–6 msec. The connexions therefore comprise a monosynaptic negative feed-back loop ; elevation of the wing excites the stretch receptor which then inhibits the elevator motoneurones and excites the depressors. A hindwing stretch receptor synapses upon metathoracic flight motoneurones in the same way, causing EPSPs in depressor and IPSPs in elevator motoneurones. No connexions of either fore- or hindwing stretch receptors have been found with contralateral flight motoneurones. Interganglionic connexions are made by both receptors. For example, both fore- and hindwing stretch receptors cause EPSPs upon the meso- and metathoracic first basalar motoneurones. Stimulation of the axon of a stretch receptor with groups of three stimuli repeated every 50–100 msec thus simulating the pattern which it shows during flight, causes subthreshold waves of depolarization in depressor motoneurones. When summed with an unpatterned input, the stretch receptor is able to influence the production of spikes in motoneurones on each cycle. During flight, it is expected that the stretch receptor will influence the time at which a motoneurone will spike and hence have an effect on the amplitude of the upstroke and upon the phase relationship between spikes of motoneurones.
Nursing the uroabdomen patient
Authors: McGaw Sam 
Published: April 2021

Uroabdomen, the presence of urine in the abdominal cavity, commonly occurs in dogs and cats, particularly following a trauma. Initial stabilisation of the patient is essential to treat the multisystemic effects of electrolyte and metabolic derangements, including hyperkalaemia, azotaemia and metabolic acidosis. Diagnosis is confirmed by comparing laboratory analysis of abdominal fluid and serum. Urinary diversion is required, often via placement of a urinary catheter, to prevent continuing urine accumulation. Once haemodynamically stable, diagnostic imaging may be performed to confirm the location of the urinary tract rupture, with several modes of imaging available. Surgical intervention may be necessary to repair the urinary leak, this is dependent on the location and severity of the trauma to the urinary tract. Registered veterinary nurses play an important role in the management of the uroabdomen patient, from initial triage and stabilisation, to assisting with imaging, anaesthetic monitoring and postoperative care. This article will discuss the aetiology of the uroabdomen, patient presentation and how to effectively treat the critical patient. Nursing care is vital for ensuring patient welfare and identifying complications that may arise.
Distinguishing non severe cases of dengue from COVID-19 in the context of co-epidemics: A cohort study in a SARS-CoV-2 testing center on Reunion island
Authors: Joubert Antoine , Andry Fanny , Bertolotti Antoine , Accot Frédéric , Koumar Yatrika , Legrand Florian , Poubeau Patrice , Manaquin Rodolphe , Gérardin Patrick , Levin Cécile 
Published: April 2021

Background
As coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading globally, several countries are handling dengue epidemics. As both infections are deemed to share similarities at presentation, it would be useful to distinguish COVID-19 from dengue in the context of co-epidemics. Hence, we performed a retrospective cohort study to identify predictors of both infections.

Methodology/Principal findings
All the subjects suspected of COVID-19 between March 23 and May 10, 2020, were screened for COVID-19 within the testing center of the University hospital of Saint-Pierre, Reunion island. The screening consisted in a questionnaire surveyed in face-to-face, a nasopharyngeal swab specimen for the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) reverse transcription polymerase chain-reaction and a rapid diagnostic orientation test for dengue. Factors independently associated with COVID-19 or with dengue were sought using multinomial logistic regression models, taking other febrile illnesses (OFIs) as controls. Adjusted Odds ratios (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (95%CI) were assessed. Over a two-month study period, we diagnosed 80 COVID-19, 61 non-severe dengue and 872 OFIs cases eligible to multivariate analysis. Among these, we identified delayed presentation (>3 days) since symptom onset (Odds ratio 1.91, 95% confidence interval 1.07–3.39), contact with a COVID-19 positive case (OR 3.81, 95%CI 2.21–6.55) and anosmia (OR 7.80, 95%CI 4.20–14.49) as independent predictors of COVID-19, body ache (OR 6.17, 95%CI 2.69–14.14), headache (OR 5.03, 95%CI 1.88–13.44) and retro-orbital pain (OR 5.55, 95%CI 2.51–12.28) as independent predictors of dengue, while smoking was less likely observed with COVID-19 (OR 0.27, 95%CI 0.09–0.79) and upper respiratory tract infection symptoms were associated with OFIs.

Conclusions/Significance
Although prone to potential biases, these data suggest that non-severe dengue may be more symptomatic than COVID-19 in a co-epidemic setting with higher dengue attack rates. At clinical presentation, nine basic clinical and epidemiological indicators may help to distinguish COVID-19 or dengue from each other and other febrile illnesses.
Characteristics of adolescents aged 15-19 years living with vertically and horizontally acquired HIV in Nampula, Mozambique
Authors: Teasdale Chloe A. , Brittain Kirsty , Zerbe Allison , Mellins Claude Ann , Falcao Joana , Couto Aleny , Pimentel De Gusmao Eduarda , Vitale Mirriah , Kapogiannis Bill , Simione Teresa Beatriz , Myer Landon , Mantell Joanne , Desmond Christopher , Abrams Elaine J. 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundAdolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) 15–19 years of age are a growing proportion of all people living with HIV globally and the population includes adolescents with vertically acquired HIV (AVH) and behaviorally acquired HIV (ABH).MethodsWe conducted a survey to measure sociodemographic characteristics, educational status, health history, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence among a convenience sample of ALHIV at three government health facilities in 2019 in Nampula, Mozambique. ALHIV 15–19 years on ART, including females attending antenatal care, were eligible. Routine HIV care data were extracted from medical charts. Classification of ALHIV by mode of transmission was based on medical charts and survey data. ALHIV who initiated ART <15 years or reported no sex were considered AVH; all others ABH. Frequencies were compared by sex, and within sex, by mode of transmission (AVH vs. ABH) using Chi-square, Fishers exact tests and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests.ResultsAmong 208 ALHIV, 143 (69%) were female and median age was 18 years [interquartile range (IQR) 16–19]. Just over half of ALHIV (53%) were in or had completed secondary or higher levels of education; the most common reason for not being in school reported by 36% of females was pregnancy or having a child. Of all ALHIV, 122 (59%) had VL data, 62% of whom were <1000 copies/mL. Almost half (46%) of ALHIV reported missing ARVs ≥ 1 day in the past month (62% of males vs. 39% of females; p = 0.003). Just over half (58%) of ALHIV in relationships had disclosed their HIV status: 13% of males vs. 69% of females (p<0.001). Among sexually active males, 61% reported using a condom at last sex compared to 26% of females (p<0.001). Among female ALHIV, 50 (35%) were AVH and 93 (65%) were ABH, 67% of whom were not in school compared to 16% of ABH, (p<0.001).DiscussionData from our study underscore the high level of deprivation among ALHIV enrolled in HIV care in Mozambique, as well as important disparities by sex and mode of transmission. These data can inform the development of effective interventions for this complex and important population.
Cross-cultural evaluation of the French version of the Delusion Assessment Scale (DAS) and Psychotic Depression Assessment Scale (PDAS)
Authors: Jalenques Isabelle , Rachez Chloé , Jalenques Urbain Tauveron , Nechifor Silvia Alina , Morel Lucile , Blanchard Florent , Pereira Bruno , Lauron Sophie , Rondepierre Fabien ,   for the French DAS/PDAS group
Published: April 2021

BackgroundMajor depressive disorder with psychotic features (MDDPsy), compared to nonpsychotic MDD, involves an increased risk of suicide and failure to achieve treatment response. Symptom scales can be useful to assess patients with MDDPsy. The aim of the present study was to validate French versions of the Delusion Assessment Scale (DAS) and Psychotic Depression Assessment Scale (PDAS).MethodsOne hundred patients were included. The scales were filled out by psychiatrists. Data from participants who accepted a second interview were used for inter-judge reliability. The scalability and psychometric properties of both scales were assessed.ResultsData from 94 patients were used. Owing to low score variability between patients, the predefined threshold for scalability (≥0.40) was not reached for both scales. Factorial analysis of the DAS identified five factors, different from those of the original version. Five factors were also identified in the PDAS, of which two comprised items from the HDRS and the other three items from the BPRS. Floor and ceiling effects were observed in both scales, due in part to the construction of certain subscales. Unlike the PDAS, the DAS had good internal consistency. Multiple correlations were observed between the DAS dimensions but none between those of the PDAS. Both scales showed good inter-judge reliability. Convergent validity analyses showed correlations with HDRS, BPRS and CGI.LimitationsInter-judge reliability was calculated from a relatively small number of volunteers.ConclusionsThe good psychometric properties of the French versions of the DAS and PDAS could help in assessing MDDPsy, in particular its psychotic features, and hence improve response to treatment and prognosis.
Modifiable and unmodifiable factors associated with slow flow following rotational atherectomy
Authors: Sakakura Kenichi , Taniguchi Yousuke , Yamamoto Kei , Tsukui Takunori , Jinnouchi Hiroyuki , Seguchi Masaru , Wada Hiroshi , Fujita Hideo 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundAlthough several groups reported the risk factors for slow flow during rotational atherectomy (RA), they did not clearly distinguish modifiable factors, such as burr-to-artery ratio from unmodifiable ones, such as lesion length. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the modifiable and unmodifiable factors that were associated with slow flow.MethodsWe included 513 lesions treated with RA, which were classified into a slow flow group (n = 97) and a non-slow flow group (n = 416) according to the presence or absence of slow flow just after RA. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to find factors associated with slow flow.ResultsSlow flow was inversely associated with reference diameter [Odds ratio (OR) 0.351, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.205–0.600,p<0.001], primary RA strategy (OR 0.224, 95% CI 0.097–0.513,p<0.001), short single run (≤15 seconds) (OR 0.458, 95% CI 0.271–0.776,p= 0.004), and systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥ 140 mmHg (OR 0.501, 95% CI 0.297–0.843,p= 0.009). Lesion length (every 5 mm increase: OR 1.193, 95% CI 1.093–1.301,p<0.001), angulation (OR 2.054, 95% CI 1.171–3.601,p= 0.012), halfway RA (OR 2.027, 95% CI 1.130–3.635,p= 0.018), initial burr-to-artery ratio (OR 1.451, 95% CI 1.212–1.737,p<0.001), and use of beta blockers (OR 1.894, 95% CI 1.004–3.573,p= 0.049) were significantly associated with slow flow.ConclusionsSlow flow was positively associated with several unmodifiable factors including lesion length and angulation, and inversely associated with reference diameter. In addition, slow flow was positively associated with several modifiable factors including initial burr-to-artery ratio and use of beta blockers, and inversely associated with primary RA strategy, short single run, and systolic blood pressure just before RA. Application of this information could help to improve RA procedures.
Numéro 163 - avril 2021
Authors: Bodart Vincent , Ounnas Alexandre 
Published: April 2021

Parmi les principaux indicateurs macroéconomiques, le chiffre de croissance trimestrielle du PIB permet d’évaluer l’évolution récente de la situation économique générale d’un pays. Pour cette raison, ce chiffre constitue une source d’information précieuse pour guider les choix des acteurs économiques, notamment en ce qui concerne les décisions de politiques budgétaires et monétaires.
Il s’avère cependant que les données de croissance trimestrielle du PIB ne sont disponibles qu’avec un certain délai. Dans le cas de la Belgique, une estimation préliminaire (dite estimation «flash») de la croissance économique pour un trimestre donné est publiée par l’Institut des Comptes Nationaux (ICN) environ 30 jours après la fin de ce trimestre. Un chiffre plus définitif, basé sur des données plus tangibles, est ensuite publié 60 jours après la fin du trimestre.
Du fait de ces délais de publication, des méthodes ont été développées dans le but de produire un estimateur de la croissance du PIB en temps réel, appelé dans le jargon estimateur «nowcasting», qui soit suffisamment précis pour être utile à la prise de décision des acteurs économiques. Ces méthodes de «prévision en temps réel» sont aujourd’hui largement utilisées pour produire des estimations très précoces du PIB.
Ce numéro de Regards économiques présente ces méthodes, et en donne une application pour la zone euro, la Belgique et la Wallonie.
Une application concrète concerne la prévision de croissance du PIB pour le premier trimestre 2021. Ainsi, sur base des statistiques disponibles à la fin mars, nous obtenons une prévision de la croissance trimestrielle du PIB de + 0,2 % pour la zone euro, de + 1,0 % pour la Belgique et de + 0,7 % pour la Wallonie.
Dans le cas de la Wallonie, nous produisons à partir de ces méthodes des données trimestrielles de croissance du PIB, lesquelles n’existent pas pour l’instant. Ainsi, pour 2020, la croissance économique de la Wallonie est estimée à - 4,1 % au 1er trimestre, 12,6 % au 2ème trimestre, + 9,1 % au 3ème trimestre et + 0,1 % au 4ème trimestre. Pour la Belgique, les données de croissance correspondantes, lesquelles sont déjà disponibles, sont de - 3,4 % au 1er trimestre, - 11,8 % au 2ème trimestre, 11,6 % au 3ème trimestre et - 0,2 % au 4ème trimestre. La croissance annuelle de la Wallonie pour 2020 est estimée à - 8,8 %, un chiffre inférieur à celui publié pour la Belgique (- 6,3 %).
RADIATOR THERMAL SEBAGAI SISTEM PENOLAK PANAS PADA SATELIT BENTUK SILINDER
Authors: Fauzi Ahmad , Budiantoro Poki Agung 
Published: April 2021

Panas terjadi pada satelit karena pengaruh lingkungan antariksa, khususnya sinar matahari sebagai sumber energi panel surya satelit. Panel surya menghasilkan energi yang disimpan oleh baterai satelit, yang dibutuhkan untuk operasional satelit dalam keadaan eclipse. Sinar matahari dapat menyebabkan menurunnya kinerja satelit jika energi yang dihasilkan melebihi batas kapasitas simpan daya baterai, sehingga mengancam keberlangsungan kinerja satelit. Jumlah energi yang dibutuhkan satelit dapat diatur, salah satunya dengan menganalisis bagian krusial sisi satelit. Makalah ini membahas penggunaan jumlah panas per satuan luas dari permukaaan panel satelit sebagai sistem penolak panas (radiator), yang berfungsi membuang panas berlebih yang dihasilkan oleh komponen elektronik dan radiasi dari eksternal satelit di ruang antariksa. Kemampuan dari 4 jenis bahan sebagai termal radiator dievaluasi. Hasil studi memperlihatkan bahwa sistem penolak panas dengan bahan lapisan radiator jenis OSR Aluminium mempunyai kenaikan jumlah panas yang dibuang atau ditolak ke ruang hampa yang tinggi sebesar 143,90 W/m2 pada suhu -50°C dan 776,95 W/m2 pada suhu +50°C di musim panas (summer solstice), sedangkan jumlah panas yang dibuang ke ruang hampa dengan jumlah yang terendah terjadi pada bahan lapisan radiator jenis White Paint SG-121FD sebesar -170,68 W/m2 pada suhu -50°C dan 517,07 W/m2 pada suhu +50°C di musim dingin (winter solstice).
Das Boxen der politischen Moderne – Eine gesellschaftstheoretische Reflexion
Authors: Arenz Tobias 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der Sinnsuche und -differenzierung des Boxens als einem Element der normativen Ordnung des modernen Sports. Auf der Basis einer gesellschaftstheoretischen Analyse wird das moderne Boxen vom traditionellen Duellwesen unterschieden, um die spezifische Modernität des Boxens herauszuarbeiten. Die Modernität des modernen Boxens liegt in der politischen Vermitteltheit seiner sozialen Verhältnisse, die durch eine triadische Konstellation des Vergleichs gleicher Leistungen charakterisiert sind. Demgegenüber gilt das Duell als Ausdruck einer Gesellschaftsformation, die im Medium der Ehre an soziale Ungleichheit gebunden ist. Die Selbstunterscheidung vom klassischen Duell wird in der Quasi-Verfassung des modernen Boxens, den Queensberry Rules, konstitutionalisiert. Die Queensberry Rules spannen den kategorialen Raum des modernen Boxens auf, innerhalb dessen die Genese des Boxens normativ vermittelt ist.
Encefalopatía crónica no progresiva de la infancia (parálisis cerebral infantil)
Authors: Quintela Lucca Mylene , Falconí Salazar Edith Mercedes , Pimenta Cabral Gloria Maria 
Published: April 2021

Sr. Editor.
La parálisis cerebral infantil ( PCI) se define como el conjunto de trastornos neurológicos que afectan el tono, postura y movimiento de carácter no progresivo, originada por daño en el cerebro en desarrollo 1.
Fire blanket and intumescent coating materials for failure resistance
Authors: Takahashi Fumiaki 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThere is major fire safety concern about failure propagation of thermal runaway in multicell lithium-ion batteries. This article overviews the passive fire-protection approach based on thermal insulation by intumescent coating materials and fire blankets for viable failure resistance. The intumescent coating will expand (up to 100× on heating) to form a thick, porous char layer and act as a thermal barrier to insulate the substrate. It is also used to seal around openings in a wall or floor to impede the spread of fire and smoke. High-temperature fire blankets are made of noncombustible or flame-resistant fabric materials (e.g., aramids, fiberglass, amorphous silica, preoxidized carbon, and mineral fibers). Both working intumescent coating and fire blankets can block a significant portion (typically 60 to 90%) of the incident heat. Impact-resistant high-strength fabrics, in either soft or rigid forms, can also be used as parts of multilayer protection assembly. Thus, multilayer assemblies can be used for various commercial products, including passive and active fire-protection blankets, battery-cell partitions, confinement bags and containers, packaging materials, and personal protective equipment.
Redistribution of chlorides in concrete specimens occurring during storage
Authors: Helsing Elisabeth 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIt has been observed that storage of specimens with chloride gradients before determining the chloride profile can lead to changes in the shape of the chloride profile. An experimental study to quantify the influence of the duration of the storage period and the storage temperature has been carried out. It comprised three storage periods (7, 28 and 91 days) and two storage temperatures (+ 5 °C and + 20 °C). The specimens had previously been immersed in a 15% NaCl solution for 56 days and were sealed in plastics during storage. The results show that a temperature of + 5 °C diminishes the rate of redistribution considerably, compared to a storage carried out at + 20 °C, and the longer the storage period is, the more redistribution will take place. It is also shown that it is of importance to assure that the sealing of the specimens during storage is capable of maintaining the relative humidity at the surface, so that local redistribution of chlorides close to the surface will not take place.