bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volunteer Impact on Health-Related Outcomes for Seniors: a Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis
Authors: Moore Ainsley , Motaghi Shahrzad , Sadeghirad Behnam , Begum Housne , Riva John J. , Gaber Jessica , Dolovich Lisa 
Published: March 2021

Background
Volunteers are increasingly promoted to improve health-related outcomes for community-dwelling elderly without synthesized evidence for effectiveness. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the effects of unpaid volunteer interventions on health-related outcomes for such seniors.
Methods
MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane (CENTRAL) were searched up to November 2018. We included English lan­guage, randomized trials. Two reviewers independently identi­fied studies, extracted data, and assessed evidence certainty (using GRADE). Meta-analysis used random-effects models. Univariate meta-regressions investigated the relationship between volunteer intervention effects and trial participant age, percentage females, and risk of bias.
Results
28 included studies focussed on seniors with a variety of chronic conditions (e.g., dementia, diabetes) and health states (e.g., frail, palliative). Volunteers provided a range of roles (e.g., counsel­lors, educators and coaches). Low certainty evidence found that volunteers may improve both physical function (MD = 3.2 points on the 100-point SF-36 physical component score [PCS]; 95% CI: 1.09, 5.27) and physical activity levels (SMD = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.14 to 0.83). Adverse events were not increased.
Conclusion
Volunteers may increase physical activity levels and subject­ive ratings of physical function for seniors without apparent harm. These findings support the WHO call to action on evidence-based policies to align health systems in support of older adults.
The association between frailty and Parkinson’s disease in the ReSPOnD trial
Authors: Smith Natalie , Gaunt Daisy M. , Whone Alan , Ben-Shlomo Yoav , Henderson Emily J. 
Published: March 2021

Background: Frailty and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are both highly prevalent in older people, but few studies have studied frailty in people with Parkinson’s. Identifying frailty in this population is vital, to target new interventions to those who would most benefit.
Methods: Data were collected as part of the double-blind randomised controlled rivastigmine to stabilise gait ReSPonD trial in 130 people with Hoehn and Yahr 2-3, idiopathic PD who had fallen in the year prior to enrolment. Individuals were assessed at baseline and followed up at 8 months, including determination of frailty status.
Results: 120 patients attended for follow-up. At follow-up, the mean (SD) age was 70.2 years (8.0) and MDS-UPDRS total score 91.5 (29.1). Median disease duration was 9.2 years (IQR 4.6 to 13.1), Geriatric Depression Score 4 (IQR 2 to 6). Using the Fried frailty criteria, 31 (26%) were frail and 70 (58%) pre-frail. In univariable analysis, being female, higher depression score and MDS-UPDRS score was associated with greater frailty. Using ordinal regression, in the multivariable model, being female (Odds ratio [OR] 3.10, 95%CI 1.53 to 6.26, p=0.002), higher total MDS-UPDRS score (OR 2.02, 95%CI 1.42 to 2.87, p<0.0001) and higher depression (OR 1.47, 95%CI 1.05 to 2.06, p=0.03) were associated with higher number of frailty markers.
Conclusion: There was a high prevalence (84%) of pre-frail and frail individuals in patients participating in this RCT. Future research should determine the optimum tool to assess frailty in this at-risk population and delineate the association between Parkinson’s, frailty and health outcomes.
Identifying Patients with Osteoarthritis at Risk of Sarcopenia using the SARC-F
Authors: Lovett Maggie , Negm Ahmed , Ioannidis George , Petrucelli Danielle , Winemaker Mitchell , Adachi Jonathan D. , Papaioannou Alexandra 
Published: March 2021

Background
Sarcopenia is an important modifiable risk factor in patients being considered for elective knee or hip replacement as it may be associated with a higher risk of post-operative joint re­placement complications. Our objectives are to determine the prevalence of patients with osteoarthritis at risk of sarcopenia by using the SARC-F tool, and whether risk of sarcopenia is associated with referral to an orthopaedic surgeon.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective review of patients who were 60 years or older assessed at four Canadian musculoskeletal assessment centres. Patients completed the SARC-F as part of their assessment. Multivariable logistic regression analy­ses were conducted to determine association between risk of sarcopenia and the odds of referral to an orthopedic surgeon for surgical consultation.
Results
3,697 patients were included and 67.8% (2,508/3,697) were at risk of sarcopenia. Prevalence was highest in those assessed for hip replacement at 72.3% (635/878). Patients at risk of sarcopenia were more likely to be referred to an orthopaedic surgeon (OR 1.299; SD 1.074-1.571).
Conclusions
Patients with osteoarthritis assessed for joint replacement are at high risk of sarcopenia, particularly individuals undergo­ing potential hip replacement. Patients at risk of sarcopenia are more likely to be referred to orthopaedic surgery for surgical consultation.
Associação da vitamina B na esquizofrenia
Authors: Soares Juliana Veras , Capelo Melissa Figueiredo , Sanford Ana Beatriz Aguiar , Mesquita Dara da Silva , Honório Júnior José Eduardo Ribeiro 
Published: March 2021

A esquizofrenia é um distúrbio neuropsiquiátrico grave que não só causa uma grande carga de doenças, mas também desafia nossa compreensão de como a mente e o cérebro funcionam. A esquizofrenia afeta em torno de 1% da população mundial, somente no Brasil mais de 2 milhões de pessoas sofrem com esse distúrbio e segundo a Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria, a doença é predominante no sexo masculino e normalmente não é diagnosticada no início. O diagnóstico é baseado em uma constelação de sintomas clínicos e não em um pato mecanismo comum. A vitaminas são compostos orgânicos, necessários em pequenas quantidades para o metabolismo normal e que não podem ser fabricadas pelas células do corpo. As hidrossolúveis são absorvidas pelo intestino e transportadas pelo sistema circulatório até os tecidos em que serão utilizadas, não são armazenadas e são facilmente excretadas pelos rins, por isso devem ser ingeridas diariamente, neste grupo estão as vitaminas B. O complexo B pode ser usado como coenzimas no catabolismo de macronutrientes para produzir energia para o corpo humano. Pesquisas demonstram que tratamento auxiliar com vitaminas B com uma alta dose - incluindo B6, B8 e B12 - pode significativamente reduzir sintomas de tratamentos mais do que padrão da esquizofrenia apenas. Uma pesquisa bibliográfica foi feita utilizando as bases de dados Google acadêmico, Scielo, Pubmed e Lilacs, com esquizofrenia, complexo B, vitamina B e espectro de esquizofrenia como descritores. 21 artigos foram incluídos que atenderam os critérios de inclusão. Em conclusão, a administração de vitaminas B6, B9 E B12 tiveram resultados positivos em relação a memória e a sintomas negativos de pacientes esquizofrênicos, também é necessário o desenvolvimento de um novo modelo animal, pois a utilização do atual para o estudo da esquizofrenia ainda não é eficiente.
Progress Toward High Power Output in Thermionic Energy Converters
Authors: Campbell Matthew F. , Celenza Thomas J. , Schmitt Felix , Schwede Jared W. , Bargatin Igor 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThermionic energy converters are solid‐state heat engines that have the potential to produce electricity with efficiencies of over 30% and area‐specific power densities of 100 Wcm−2. Despite this prospect, no prototypes reported in the literature have achieved true efficiencies close to this target, and many of the most recent investigations report power densities on the order of mWcm−2or less. These discrepancies stem in part from the low‐temperature (<1300 K) test conditions used to evaluate these devices, the large vacuum gap distances (25–100 µm) employed by these devices, and material challenges related to these devices' electrodes. This review will argue that, for feasible electrode work functions available today, efficient performance requires generating output power densities of >1 Wcm−2and employing emitter temperatures of 1300 K or higher. With this result in mind, this review provides an overview of historical and current design architectures and comments on their capacity to realize the efficiency and power potential of thermionic energy converters. Also emphasized is the importance of using standardized efficiency metrics to report thermionic energy converter performance data.
Recent Advances in (Dynamic) Kinetic Resolution and Desymmetrization Catalyzed by Chiral Phosphoric Acids
Authors: Liu Wei , Yang Xiaoyu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractKinetic resolution, dynamic kinetic resolution and desymmetrization are practical methods to produce enantioenriched products from relatively simple racemic or achiral starting materials, which are also sometimes difficult to be accessed by other asymmetric methods. Chiral phosphoric acids, which have been recognized as one of the most powerful chiral organocatalysts to date, have also been extensively applied in the above‐mentioned research fields. In this minireview, we summarized the tremendous development of kinetic resolution, dynamic kinetic resolution and desymmetrization reactions enabled by chiral phosphoric acids since the year of 2016, which were not included in the two previous outstanding reviews by Petersen et al and Dixon et al. A number of examples involving the use of CPA as cooperative catalyst are also included in this review.
BODIPY‐based Fluorescent Probe for Fast Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide and Lysosome‐targeting Applications in Living Cells
Authors: Yue Jinlei , Tao Yuanfang , Zhang Jian , Wang Han , Wang Nannan , Zhao Weili 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) is recognized as an endogenous gaseous signaling agent in many biological activities. Lysosomes are the main metabolic site and play a pivotal role in cells. Herein, we designed and synthesized two new fluorescent probes BDP‐DNBS and BDP‐DNP with a BODIPY core to distinguish H2S. The sensing mechanism is based on the inhibition‐recovery of the photo‐induced electron transfer (PET) process. Through comparing the responsive behaviors of the two probes toward H2S, BDP‐DNBS showed a fast response time (60 s), low limit of detection (LOD, 51 nM), high sensitivity and selectivity. Moreover, the reaction mechanism was demonstrated by mass spectrometry and fluorescence off‐on mechanism was proved by density functional theory (DFT). Significantly, confocal fluorescence imaging indicated that BDP‐DNBS was successfully used to visualize H2S in lysosomes in living HeLa cells.
MALDI Matrices for the Analysis of Low Molecular Weight Compounds: Rational Design, Challenges and Perspectives
Authors: Qiao Zhi , Lissel Franziska 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe analysis of low molecular weight (LMW) compounds is of great interest to detect small pharmaceutical drugs rapidly and sensitively, or to trace and understand metabolic pathways. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) plays a central role in the analysis of high molecular weight (bio)molecules. However, its application for LMW compounds is restricted by spectral interferences in the low m/z region, which are produced by conventional organic matrices. Several strategies regarding sample preparation have been investigated to overcome this problem. A different rationale is centred on developing new matrices which not only meet the fundamental requirements of good absorption and high ionization efficiency, but are also vacuum stable and “MALDI silent”, i. e., do not give matrix‐related signals in the LMW area. This review gives an overview on the rational design strategies used to develop matrix systems for the analysis of LMW compounds, focusing on (i) the modification of well‐known matrices, (ii) the search for high molecular weight matrices, (iii) the development of binary, hybrid and nanomaterial‐based matrices, (iv) the advance of reactive matrices and (v) the progress made regarding matrices for negative or dual polarity mode.
The integrative business model as a linkage to venture growth: An insight from the outside box of strategic decisions
Authors: Chebo Abdella Kosa , Wubetie Yenesew Ferede 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe practice of implementing a business model (BM) is at the corporate level of larger firms mostly in a developed economy, and there is a doubt whether the practice of BM existed among small firms of developing economies. There is also a lack of clarity in its contribution to the growth of the small venture in low‐income markets. Therefore, this study tries to uncover the relationship between the subject of integrative BM and venture growth, with an emphasis on strategic decisions. To achieve this, we analyzed data collected from 215 small manufacturing firms in Addis Ababa using structural equation modeling (SEM). The model integrates the internal aspects of BM development with the external aspects and the strategic decisions in determining their direct and indirect contribution to the venture's growth and unlock the aid of integrative BM to small venture growth. The study also links the strategic decisions from the perspective of strategic flexibility, strategic alliance, and competitive advantage and the exercise of firms networking to value creation, proposition, and capturing. To the end, we forwarded implications for practitioners and future research.
Lewis Acidity of Carbon in Activated Carbonyl Group vs. B(C6F5)3 for Metal‐Free Catalysis of Hydrogenation of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Heshmat Mojgan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this work, using DFT calculations, we investigated Lewis acidities of carbon (in activated carbonyl group) in comparison to the B(C6F5)3 in combination with dioxane as the Lewis base (LB) for metal‐free catalysis of heterolytic H2 splitting and hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds. We found that in case of carbon as the Lewis acid (LA) the reaction is controlled by frontier molecular orbital interactions between the H2 and LA‐LB fragments at shorter distances. The steric effects can be reduced by electrophilic substitutions on the carbonyl carbon. Synergic combination between stronger orbital interactions and reduced steric effects can lower the barrier of the H2 splitting below 10 kcal/mol. With the B(C6F5)3, the H2 splitting is controlled by electrostatic interactions, which cause to form an early transition state. An advantage of employing Lewis acidity of the activated carbonyl carbon for hydrogenation is that the hydride‐type attack and hydrogenation of the C=O bond occur in a single step throughout H2 splitting. Hence, stronger Lewis acidity of the C(C=O) reinforces hydrogenation without prohibition of the hydride delivery.
Azithromycin inhibited oxidative stress and apoptosis of high glucose‐induced podocytes by inhibiting STAT1 pathway
Authors: Xing Yu Wei , Liu Kuan Zhi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAzithromycin (AZM) has a therapeutic effect on diabetes, but there is no report on whether AZM has a therapeutic effect on diabetic nephropathy (DN) and its specific mechanism. Cell survival was detected by CCK‐8. The expression of the inflammatory factors TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 was determined by ELISA. The expression of inflammatory proteins MCP‐1, NLPR3, and ASC was detected by western blot. The expression of MDA, LDH, and SOD was detected by the appropriate kit. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and apoptosis‐related proteins Bcl‐2, Bax, Caspase‐3, 6, 9, and Cleaved caspase‐3, 6, 9 were detected by western blot. In addition, the expression of STAT1 was detected by western blot. AZM can increase the activity of high glucose‐induced podocytes (p < .05). After high glucose induction, the expression of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 was increased and the expression of MCP‐1, NLPR3, and ASC proteins was also increased (p < .001). When AZM was added, the expression of all the above‐mentioned proteins was decreased (p < .001). In addition, MDA, LDH, and SOD were increased after high glucose induction, while decreased after AZM treatment (p < .001). AZM can inhibit apoptosis and the expression of Bax and Cleaved caspase‐3, 6, 9, and promote the expression of Bcl‐2 (p < .001). Furthermore, the expression of STAT1 was increased after high glucose induction, while the expression of STAT1 was decreased after AZM action (p < .01). By adding a STAT1 agonist IFN‐γ, the effects of AZM on inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis of high glucose‐induced podocytes were inhibited (p < .05). AZM inhibited inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis of high glucose‐induced podocytes by inhibiting STAT1 pathway.
Protected area, easement, and rental contract data reveal five communities of land protection in the United States
Authors: Jackson Heather B. , Kroetz Kailin , Sanchirico James N. , Thompson Alexandra , Armsworth Paul R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLand protection efforts represent large societal investments and are critical to biodiversity conservation. Land protection involves a complex mosaic of areas managed by multiple organizations, using a variety of mechanisms to achieve different levels of protection. We develop an approach to synthesize, describe, and map this land protection diversity over large spatial scales. We use cluster analysis to find distinct “communities” of land protection based on the organizations involved, the strictness of land protection, and the protection mechanisms used. We also associate identified land protection communities with socioenvironmental variables. Applying these methods to describe land protection communities in counties across the coterminous United States, we recognize five different land protection communities. Two land protection communities occur in areas with low human population size at higher elevations and include a large amount of protected land primarily under federal management. These two community types are differentiated from one another by the particular federal agencies involved, the relative contributions of smaller actors, and the amount of protection by designations vs. conservation easements or covenants. Three remaining land protection communities have less overall protection. Land in one community is primarily protected by federally managed rental contracts and government managed easements; another is managed by a diversity of non‐federal actors through fee‐ownership and easements; and the third stands out for having the lowest amount of formally recorded protection overall. High elevation and poor quality soils are over‐represented in U.S. protected lands. Rental contracts help fill in gaps in counties with high productivity soil while the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service fills in gaps in low‐elevation counties. Counties with large numbers of threatened species have more and stricter protection, particularly by regional entities like water management districts. The ability to synthesize and map land protection communities can help conservation planners tailor interventions to local contexts, position local agencies to approach collaborations more strategically, and suggest new hypotheses for researchers regarding interactions among different protection mechanisms.
Endoscopic and histological features of Helicobacter pylori‐negative differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma arising in the antrum
Authors: Takita Maiko , Ohata Ken , Inamoto Rin , Kurebayashi Marie , Takayanagi Syunya , Kimoto Yoshiaki , Suzuki Yuichiro , Ishii Rindo , Ono Kohei , Negishi Ryoju , Minato Yohei , Sakai Eiji , Muramoto Takashi , Matsuhashi Nobuyuki , Ichihara Shin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and AimWith the increasing prevalence of persons without Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection, cases of HP‐negative gastric cancer are increasing. Although rare, cases of differentiated adenocarcinoma of the antrum have been reported in HP‐negative patients. We collected cases with such lesions and investigated their endoscopic and histological features.MethodsOf 1965 consecutive patients with early gastric cancer who underwent endoscopic resection between January 2009 and December 2017, we extracted 9 cases of HP‐negative differentiated adenocarcinoma located in the antrum (HPN‐DAA). The clinical data, endoscopic findings, and histopathological findings were reviewed.ResultsOf the nine patients with HPN‐DAA, seven were male, and the median age was 53.8 years. The tumor arose from the pyloric gland mucosa in all cases. According to the endoscopic findings, the lesions were flat‐elevated or depressed, mimicking varioliform gastritis. Magnifying endoscopy with narrow‐band imaging showed the absence of a clear demarcation line or an irregular microvessel/surface pattern. As for the histopathological findings, eight of the nine lesions were diagnosed as high‐grade dysplasia/intraepithelial neoplasia, while the remaining case was diagnosed as tubular adenocarcinoma with submucosal infiltration. The findings of immunohistochemistry confirmed that three cases were of the intestinal mucin phenotype and six were of the mixed gastric and intestinal mucin phenotype.ConclusionHPN‐DAA is a very rarely occurring cancer that had never been recognized earlier. They belong to the new category of HP‐negative cancers, and there seems to be a certain number of such cases.
Open Practical Laboratories in the Neurosciences: An outreach program for neuroscience communication in middle schools
Authors: Miranda Feitosa Leonardo , Ferreira Alves Camila , Ramalho Figueiredo Natália , Leite Nascimento Wilker , Beatriz Adriano da Silva Amanda , Rivera Ikeda Saulo , Shigaeff Nadia , Maximino Caio , Lima‐Maximino Monica 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Open Practical Laboratory in the Neurosciences is an outreach program that seeks to improve the knowledge of the neurosciences by elementary school students and to promote better attitudes in relation to neuroscience, science in general, and scientists. It consists in practical and demonstration activities on the theme of the neurosciences. This outreach strategy was applied in four public schools in a municipality in Southeastern Pará, Brazil characterized by low performance in educational reviews in Brazil. Students from both sexes from 9th grade (last grade before high school) were enrolled in the program. The outreach program improved students’ knowledge about the neurosciences, and promoted better attitudes in relation to science and scientists, in comparison to students who did not go through the activities. Results suggest that scientific outreach strategies can produce results beyond immediate increases in knowledge, promoting better attitudes in relation to science.
Epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, surveillance, and management of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with vascular liver disease
Authors: Prasad Debi , Nguyen Mindie H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVascular liver disease (VLD) presents special challenges in the diagnosis, surveillance, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC arising in the setting of vascular liver disease is often thought to be due to elevated hepatic arterial blood flow, rather than progressive fibrosis from chronic inflammation as with other chronic liver conditions such as viral hepatitis, autoimmune, and metabolic liver diseases. Vascular alteration inherent in VLD often impedes HCC non‐invasive diagnosis and loco‐regional treatment that depend on vascular properties found in typical liver environment. Benign and pre‐malignant liver nodules such as focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatocellular adenoma are also more common in certain VLDs, further adding to surveillance and diagnostic challenges. In this synopsis, we aimed to review available literature on the epidemiology, surveillance, diagnosis, and management of HCC in patients with VLD and specifically Budd–Chiari syndrome, congenital porto‐systemic shunts, Fontan‐associated liver disease, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.