bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxin profile of shellfish from Southern Atlantic coasts of Morocco
Authors: Abouabdellaha Rachid , Bennouna Asmae , Attar Jaouad El , Erler Katrin , Dellal Mina , Chafik Abdel ghani , Moukrim Abdelatif 
Published: August 2021

During the monitoring program of phycotoxins conducted in 2005 and 2006, lipophilic shellÃ‚Â fish toxins (LSTs) are involved in shellfish toxicity phenomena in the South Atlantic Moroccan coasts (Dakhla region). Toxicity was assessed by the traditional mouse bioassay (MBA); the content and the nature of the toxic components were established through Liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). The Ã¢â‚¬ËœtraditionalÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ DSP toxins group, okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysitoxins (DTXs) and their associated esters were exclusives contaminants of DakhlaÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s shellfish (mussels, cockles, oysters and solen). Pectenotoxins, yessotoxins, and azaspiracids were not detected during this study. A survey of the phytoplankton community in the surrounding seawater revealed the presence of several potentially toxic species from the Dinophysis genus.
Microbial spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility of uropathogens causing Urinary tract infection in pregnant women
Authors: Jayavanth Pallavi , Hamid Junainah Abd , Mohan Mathan , Rafi Mohamed , Anamalley Rajasegar , Harun Haniza 
Published: August 2021

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is an intermittent cause of sickness in the pregnant women. A study was conducted to identify the microbial gamut and antibiotic vulnerability patterns of bacteria isolated from pregnant women with suspected urinary tract infection. In total, 75 urine specimens were screened for bacteriuria over a period of four months. Aseptically collected urine specimens were subjected to standard isolation and characterization procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed according to CLSI (2007). Five types of bacteria were isolated namely Escherichia coli 32(55%), Staphylococcus aureus 12 (21%), Enterococcus Sp 7 (12%), Klebseilla pneumoniae 4 (7%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3 (5%). All bacterial isolates exhibited efficacy to all the antibiotics namely fosfomycin (50mg), ciprofloxacin (10mg), trimethoprim & sulfamethoxazole (25 mg), ampicillin (10 mg), nitrofurantoin (300 mg) and cefazolin (30mg) except amoxycillin. Ampicillin and ciprofloxacin exhibited illustrious efficacy at low concentration. Regular antimicrobial surveillance and reinforcement of appropriate antibiotic regimen in pregnant women with UTI will restrain the reÃ¢â‚¬Âemergence of antibiotic resistant uropathogens.
Inhibition of platelet aggregation and stimulation of natural killer cells functionality by administration of flavonoids
Authors: Theoharis Vasilis , Toliopoulos Ioannis , Simos Yannis , Metsios Apostolos , Zelovitis Ioannis , Tzora Athina , Liasko Roman , Skoufos Ioannis , Karkabounas Spiros 
Published: August 2021

Platelets play an important role in homeostasis, inflammation and regulation of immune response. Natural Killer cells (NKC) on the other hand are the first line of defense of the immune system against viruses, bacteria and cancer cells. Platelets directly protect tumor cells from NK lysis. Thus, platelet aggregation around migrating cancer cells as well as the response of the immune system constitutes important mechanisms, which influence the progression of malignant diseases. The present study was designed to evaluate the possible effects of flavonoids (genistein, apigenin and quercetin) on the stimulation of the immune system and the inhibition of platelet aggregation. Two experimental protocols were used: a)Ã‚Â ex vivo aggregation of human platelets, production of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and estimation of the expression of the platelet membranic receptor GpIIb/IIIa, and b) functional activity of human NK lymphocytes against K562 target cells in vitro. All substances were found to induce a dose dependent inhibition of platelet aggregation and to reduce production of TXA2 in platelets. There was a decrease in the number of the GpIIb/IIIa receptors on the platelets surface membrane. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that all substances powerfully reinforce cytotoxic activity of NKC against K562 cells. These results show that flavonoids increase the susceptibility of tumor cells to NK cells by decreasing platelet aggregation and stimulating the NK lymphocyte activity.
Molecular Characterization of Campylobacter jejuni in Raw Poultry Meat and Ready-to-Eat Poultry Meat Products in Northern India
Authors: Sharma Gagan , Rathore R. Swaroop , Chauhan U. Kumari , Chauhan Singh R. Swaroop 
Published: August 2021

Campylobacter jejuni Ã¢â‚¬Â toÃ¢â‚¬Â eat poultry meat products have been foundimportant source of transmission of this organism on consumption. In thecurrent study,raw poultry and ready to eat poultry meat product samples atBareilly part of Northern India were tested for C. jejuni. Total 660 samples ofpoultry meat and ready Ã¢â‚¬Â to Ã¢â‚¬Âeat poultry meat products were screened for thepresence of C. jejuni using both cultural methods as well as PCR assay. Out ofthe total samples, 126 (19.09%) were confirmed positive by cultural methods,while 149 (22.50%) were confirmed positive by PCR assay. There wasalso variation in the prevalence of C. jejuni amongst the various readyÃ¢â‚¬Â toeatpoultry meat products. This study indicates the need for risk assessmentbased on microbiological criteria for C .jejuni in poultry meat and readyÃ¢â‚¬Â toeatpoultry meat products with strict implementation of provision of HazardAnalysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) system. has been emerged as an important food borne zoonoticbacterial pathogen associated with gastric illness in human beings. Contaminatedpoultry and ready
Induction of Colon tumor and Intestinal tumor in Swiss Albino Mice by the DihydroMicrocystin Ã¢â‚¬â€œLR, [DÃ¢â‚¬ÂAsp3] MicrocystinÃ¢â‚¬ÂWR and [DÃ¢â‚¬ÂAsp3] MicrocystinÃ¢â‚¬ÂHtyR produced by the Cyanobacterial strains Isolated from water bodies in semiÃ¢â‚¬Âdesert region of India
Authors: Kumar R. Ashwin , Ramani K. , Verma S. K. 
Published: August 2021

The crude extracts of two cyanobacterial strains, isolated from water bodiesof Shekhawati region of India, and identified as Anabaena doliolum andNostoc spongiaeforme, inÃ¢â‚¬Âvivo mouse bioassay model. A dose of 100μg of totalprotein/kg of body weight showed restlessness, spasmodic leaping, slowmovement and loss of co Ã¢â‚¬Âordination within 6hours of intraperitonial (i.p)administration in Swiss albino mice. Further purification of crude extractswith the help of thin layer chromatography using silica gel GF 60 plates,showed four spots for each of these strains. The chronic toxicity studies withsub lethal dose of spot Ã¢â‚¬Â3 from A. doliolum have shown to cause colon tumors,whereas sub lethal dose of spot Ã¢â‚¬Â3 from N. spongiaeforme induced theintestinal tumors. An increase in oxidative stress (MDA level), serum ALT,ALP, AST and LDH level was also found in both the cases. These spots werefurther analysis with HPLC and MALDI TOFF Ms and were identified as DihydroMicrocystin –LR and [D Ã¢â‚¬ÂAsp3] MicrocystinÃ¢â‚¬ÂWR in case of Ad spotÃ¢â‚¬Â3 andMicrocystin Ã¢â‚¬ÂLR and [DÃ¢â‚¬ÂAsp3] microcystinÃ¢â‚¬ÂHtyR in case of Ns spotÃ¢â‚¬Â3.showed high level of hepatotoxicity and tumor promotingactivity in
Enzymeâ€assisted extraction of essential oils from Syzygium aromaticum
Authors: Amudan R. , Kamat D. V. , Kamat S. D. 
Published: August 2021

The essential oil of clove ( Syzygium aromaticum) holds an important positionamongst widely used essential oils. A typical steam distillation processfor the extraction of clove oil provides a 10.1% yield. Recent studies involvedthe use of enzymes such as pectinase, amylase, lignocellulase, and cellulaseon the powder of clove buds, prior to extraction. The traditional methods ofphysical and chemical extraction are effective but may affect the structure,quality and yield of the phytochemicals extracted. In the current study,hence, enzymes specific for action on the cell wall have been used in the pretreatment prior to extraction, to enhance the quality and yield of the phytochemicalsextracted. The results indicated that all the enzymes, gave morethan 50% higher yield than control in terms of weight of extracted essentialoil. A mixture of the enzymes gave the highest yield of 17.82%. Gas chromatographyresults indicated that the essential oil extracted using amylase hada maximum eugenol content of 70%, in comparison with the eugenol content(62–68%) in the essential oils extracted using the rest of the enzymes.Antibacterial activity of all the extracts was studied on methicillin â€resistantStaphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The essential oil extracted by using amylaseinhibitedMRSA, showed a zone size of 40 mm, whereas the essential oil extractedby using lignocellulase showed a zone size of 45 mm. The gas chromatogramindicated the maximum number of peaks in this extract, whichcould be producing a combined antibacterial effect on the organism. Thespecific gravity values of the essential oil extracted using lignocellulase andamylase was 1.051 and 1.062, respectively, whereas the control had a specificgravity of 1.015.
Effect of Auxin (IBA) in Sand and Coco peat media on rooting of Hibiscus (Hibiscus rosaâ€ sinensis â€˜yellow double hybridâ€™)
Authors: Shadparvar V. , Torkashvand A. Mohammadi , Alamshiri H. Alinejad 
Published: August 2021

Hibiscus rosaâ€ sinensis â€ sinensis â€ sinensis â€1) in sand and coco peat mediawere used for evaluation of plant rooting in an experiment with completelyrandomized design in three replications. The cuttings were selected whenthey had 6 â€8 buds and their heights were 12â€10 cm. After sterilization andhormonal treatment, cuttings were planted in 3 cm depth of media. In thisstudy, factors such as callus time, root initiation, number of buds, percentageof rooting, number of roots and root length were determined. Theresults showed that with increase in levels of rooting hormones, callusinduction time and time of root beginning was reduced. On the other hand,percentage of green cuttings without root, percentage of rooting and numberof root in cuttings and length of roots produced in each cutting was increased.According to the measured factors, treatment of 2000 mg l â€1 wasbetter treatment in increasing percentage of rooting and other affecting factorson the quality of cuttings in both medium.‘yellow double hybrid’ is a hard rooting plant. Fourlevels of IBA (0, 1000, 2000 and 4000 mg l
Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus among antenatal patients attending primary health centres in some parts of Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Kolo R. L. , Umoh V. J. , Jatau E. D. , Ella E. E. 
Published: August 2021

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) can cross the placenta and cause both fetal and placental infections a serious risk factor for the unborn child. CMVâ€infected infants can be symptomatic and asymptomatic at birth, with outcomes that can include intrauterine growth restriction, hydrocephalus, microcephaly, intracranial calcifications, hearing loss, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, thrombocytopenic and various degrees of sensory impairment. This work was aimed at determining the seroprevalence of CMV and the risk factors associated with the infection in antenatal patients attending Primary Health Centersin some part of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Serological screening for CMV antibodies was done using Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) IgG and IgM. Of the 360 patient samples, 357 (99.2%) and sixty six (66) (18.3%) were positive for both IgG and IgM respectively. Prevalence of CMV IgG increased with age with 100% prevalence in age groups of greater than 29 years, while that of IgM was higher in ages less than 20 and greater than 40 years (21.3% and 50% respectively). The prevalence of CMV IgG was highest (100%) among those with informal and tertiary education women while the IgM prevalence was highest in those with tertiary education (22.7%) only. In relation to progression of pregnancy, a prevalence of 100% for CMV IgG was observed in first trimester and 22.1% in third trimester for CMV IgM. There was a significant association in CMV IgM seroprevalence (p<0.05) with marital status with the separated having higher prevalence than the married women, but no significant association between CMV and age, socio demographic factors, risk factors and clinical data (P>0.05).
Comparative study of two lactases by K-Lolac enzymatic method in skimmed milk
Authors: Benbouziane Bouasria , Bentahar Mohamed-ChÃ©rif , Takarly Hayet , Benakriche Ben Mehel 
Published: August 2021

Lactose absorption at the level of the small intestine depends on its hydrolysis by β-galactosidase. The activity of this enzyme, which gets to the peak at the beginning and halflife, decreases progressively after weaning. This activity loss (hypolactasie) is a physiological phenomenon observed in 70 to 75% of the world’s population. Hypolactasy is transmited according to an autosomal recessive mode to an incomplete penetrance and is linked to polymorphosis located in the promoter region of the gene coding the lactase. A solution is proposed regarding ingestion of dairy dislactosed products or products with unduly low lactose rates. In this study, two different enzymes were used, a β-galactosidase of Bifidobacterium [β-gal Bb] source and another β-galactosidase of Kluyveromyces lactis [β-gal Kl] source with different concentrations on lactose degradation in a preparation based on skimmed milk at 4° C during 18h with a 39 g/l lactose rate. Determining hydrolysis rate in lactose was achieved with an enzymatic method using a Megazyme K-lolac kit. The results demonstrated that β-gal Kl (Maxilat) in a 100 µl/L dose gives an optimal performance as compared to β-gal Bb (Nola fit) in residual lactose concentrations 1.85 g/L and 2.78 g/L respectively. However, in a dose that was superior to 1500 and 2000, the β-gal Bb was significantly more performing than β-gal Kl. To sum up, the enzymatic method used to define the residual lactose rate, the kit KLolac, gives very reliable results with a low threshold (LOD 1.62 mg/L).
Comparative study of the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the essential oil and methanolic extract of cultivated sage from Mascara region (North West of Algeria) indicates a strong antioxidant activities and an important antibacterial action wi
Authors: Nair Samira , Djendara Ali Cerif , Saim Halima , Mouffokes Rafika 
Published: August 2021

The plant world is an excellent source of active principles, which confers its important activity. In Algeria, a large number of aromatic and medicinal plants grow spontaneously, common sage (Salvia officinalis) is a popular culinary and medicinal herb. These natural products and their active principles are sources for new drug discovery and treatment of diseases. To this end, the interest of this work is the valorization of a medicinal plant (Salvia officinalis) growing spontaneously in the region of Mascara by the study of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the methanolic extracts and also essential oils of sage. The essential oil was isolated from aerial part of S. officinalis by hydrodistillation. The results obtained showed that the species studied (S. officinalis) was very rich in volatile substances with a yield of the order of1.19%. The antioxidant activity showed a good efficiency of the methanolicextract with respect to the essential oil with IC50s of 0.778 mg / ml and27.929 mg / ml respectively. In general, the essential oil of S. officinalis hasan interesting antibacterial power against all studied germs. These resultsare promising and provide scientific validation of the massive use of this species.
Kilonova Emission from Black Hole–Neutron Star Mergers. II. Luminosity Function and Implications for Target-of-opportunity Observations of Gravitational-wave Triggers and Blind Searches
Authors: Zhu Jin-Ping , Wu Shichao , Yang Yuan-Pei , Zhang Bing , Gao He , Yu Yun-Wei , Li Zhuo , Cao Zhoujian , Liu Liang-Duan , Huang Yan , Zhang Xing-Han 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We present detailed simulations of the kilonova and gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglow and kilonova luminosity function from black hole–neutron star (BH–NS) mergers, and discuss the detectability of an electromagnetic (EM) counterpart in connection with gravitational wave (GW) detections, GW-triggered target-of-opportunity observations, and time-domain blind searches. The predicted absolute magnitude of BH–NS kilonovae at 0.5 days after the merger falls in the range [−10, −15.5]. The simulated luminosity function contains potential information on the viewing-angle distribution of the anisotropic kilonova emission. We simulate the GW detection rates, detectable distances, and signal duration for future networks of 2nd/2.5th/3rd generation GW detectors. BH–NSs tend to produce brighter kilonovae and afterglows if the BH has a higher aligned spin, and a less massive NS with a stiffer equation of state. The detectability of kilonovae is especially sensitive to the BH spin. If BHs typically have low spins, the BH–NS EM counterparts are hard to discover. For 2nd generation GW detector networks, a limiting magnitude of m
limit ∼ 23–24 mag is required to detect kilonovae even if high BH spin is assumed. Thus, a plausible explanation for the lack of BH–NS-associated kilonova detection during LIGO/Virgo O3 is that either there is no EM counterpart (plunging events) or the current follow-ups are too shallow. These observations still have the chance to detect the on-axis jet afterglow associated with a short GRB or an orphan afterglow. Follow-up observations can detect possible associated short GRB afterglows, from which kilonova signatures may be studied. For time-domain observations, a high-cadence search in redder filters is recommended to detect more BH–NS-associated kilonovae and afterglows.
Study of the Prompt Emission of Short Gamma-Ray Bursts Using a Multicolor Blackbody: A Clue to the Viewing Angle
Authors: Iyyani Shabnam , Sharma Vidushi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The prompt emission of short gamma-ray bursts (sGRBs) with known redshifts is analyzed using the model of a multicolor blackbody, which is interpreted as the emission from a nondissipative photosphere taking into account a power-law jet structure and the viewing geometry of the jet. We find nearly 69% and 26% of the sample is consistent with a multicolor blackbody and a pure blackbody model, respectively. Using this interpretation, we infer that nearly 57% (18%) of the sGRBs in our sample are observed within (or along the edge of) the jet core. The sGRB jets are deduced to possess a narrow core with a median θ

c
∼ 3°. This suggests the rate of sGRBs that would be viewed within the jet core to be 1.8–26 Gpc−3 yr−1. The power-law index of the decreasing Lorentz factor profile of the jet structure is deduced to be 1.3–2.2. The intrinsic luminosity is found to range between 1048–1053 erg s−1. The average values of the Lorentz factor and nozzle radius of the sGRB jets are inferred to be 210 (85) and 107.7 (109.6) cm for the cases when the photosphere forms in the coasting (accelerating) phase, respectively. The viability of the inferred values of the different parameters of the GRB outflow and viewing geometry within this physical interpretation enhances the prospect of the photospheric emission model explaining the observed GRB spectrum.
Review of the Merodon natans group with description of a new species, a key to the adults of known species of the natans lineage and first descriptions of some preimaginal stages
Authors: Vujić Ante , Tot Tamara , Andrić Andrijana , Ačanski Jelena , Šašić Zorić Ljiljana , Pérez-Bañón Celeste , Aracil Andrea , Veselić Sanja , Arok Maja , Mengual Ximo , van Eck André , Rojo Santos , Radenković Snežana 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMerodon natansgroup (Diptera, Syrphidae) taxa are reviewed using an integrative taxonomic approach combining morphological, morphometric and molecular techniques. The approach substantiates recognition of the three species:M. calcaratus(Fabricius, 1794),M. natans(Fabricius, 1794) andM. pulverisVujić &amp; Radenković in Radenković et al. 2011, and reveals the existence of a new species,M. makrisiVujić, Radenković &amp; Totsp. nov., which is described. It also highlights the existence of a series ofnatansgroup populations, especially on some of the Mediterranean islands, in the Levant and in the Afrotropical Region, for which more comprehensive data are required to clarify their status. A key is provided to thenatanslineage species currently recognised, and preimaginal stages of somenatans-group species are described for the first time. Redescriptions forM. calcaratusandM. natansare provided. A neotype is selected forM. natans. Lectotypes are designated forM. annulatus(Fabricius, 1794) andM. melancholicus(Fabricius, 1794).Merodon annulatusis recognised as a synonym ofM. natans.
Tanger, ville fermée
Authors: Perrier Antoine 
Published: August 2021

Dans le Maroc colonial, Tanger est placée sous le mandat international de grandes puissances entre 1912 et 1956 et co-administrée en pratique par la France et l’Espagne. Toutefois, en dépit d’atouts géographiques et d’un régime qui promettait la liberté économique, la zone internationale reste pauvre pendant ces quarante années. Malgré les protestations des acteurs de la ville, la France et l’Espagne ont cherché à étouffer la vie économique de Tanger, au profit de leur propre zone de protectorat au Maroc. Après une enquête dans trois sites d’archives, cet article examine les stratégies économiques des deux puissances (douane, chemin de fer, tourisme). Il met en avant un cosmopolitisme de conflits, peu présent dans l’historiographie des villes internationales, et montre les effets économiques désastreux de l’internationalisation.
Dominique Kalifa, un historien au travail : entre héritage et transmission
Authors: Sauget Stéphanie 
Published: August 2021

Moins d’un an après la disparition de Dominique Kalifa, cet article propose de revenir sur quelques-uns des apports de ce grand historien à la discipline et à la communauté historiennes. Il met en lumière quelques-unes des lignes de tensions à l’œuvre dans son travail : son approche des découpes chronologiques et temporelles ; son rapport au champ disciplinaire, et en particulier à l’histoire sociale et culturelle, ainsi que son rapport aux sources et son désir de partage avec le public le plus large possible.
Chine : la construction de sa puissance économique
Authors: Flouzat Denise 
Published: August 2021

La Chine en tant qu’État présente une durée exceptionnelle : un bimillénaire. Elle a connu deux régimes, le premier sous forme d’Empire a été fondé en -202 avant JC et a eu une longue existence à travers une vingtaine de dynasties, se terminant en 1919 avec la chute de l’Empire. Le second régime a été créé le 1er octobre 1949 par Mao Tsé-toung qui a lancé à Pékin, devant la Cité Interdite, la République Populaire de Chine (RPC). De même, la Chine a subi, entre les deux régimes, une époque marquée par une occupation occidentale, semi coloniale, ainsi que par des luttes entre factions chinoises se disputant des morceaux de territoires. Mao Tsé-toung, jeune homme, était rendu furieux par la situation désespérée de son pays. Il n’a pas adhéré à la révolution démocratique promue par un médecin chinois, Sun Yat Sen, fondateur de la République de Chine. Il était attiré par la révolution menée en Union Soviétique. Il a adhéré au Parti Communiste Chinois (PCC) créé en 1921 dans lequel, par sa personnalité et par sa connaissance des armes, il s’est affirmé comme un leader susceptible de combattre les opposants au communisme. Cet article décrit l’historique de la politique chinoise depuis Mao Tsé-toung afin d’y expliquer comme corroléaire la puissance économique actuelle de la Chine de Xi Jinping.