bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the use of tree‐ring area as a predictor of biomass accumulation and its climatic determinants of coffee tree growth
Authors: Toro‐Herrera Mayra Alejandra , Pennacchi João Paulo , Vilas Boas Lissa Vasconcellos , Honda Filho Cássio Pereira , Barbosa Ana Carolina Maioli Campos , Barbosa João Paulo Rodrigues Alves Delfino 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe use of growth rings dimensional parameters has been an important tool for the understanding of growth, biomass allocation and climatic characterisation of forest species. However, its potential is unknown in perennial crops of socio‐economic importance, such as coffee. This work aimed to understand how the analysis of the growth rings can be used as a proxy to understand the climatic determinants of vegetative growth and biomass allocation in the different organs of coffee trees. The work was carried out in the southern region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The structure of the growth rings of cross sections of the orthotropic stem of coffee trees (Coffea arabica L. cv. Arara) were analysed from 2011 to 2018, using standard dendrochronological techniques. Each year in that period was characterised climatically and by its bienniality. Pearson correlation statistical analysis was used for mapping the relation among annual radial growth rates of the trees and other assessed parameters as primary growth data, accumulated biomass and the climatic characteristics of the region on an annual and intra‐annual scale. During the study the water balance (conditioned by its components, Prec and ETo) and the maximum temperature were the main determinants of the characteristics of the formed ring and the plant biomass allocation. These growing characteristics were also influenced by the phenology that modulates the vegetative/reproductive growth cycles and in turn the biennial production cycles. The results show the potential of tree rings and dendrochronology as a tool that allows indirect, but long‐term, assessment of biomass allocation and growth in coffee trees.
Sex‐dependent prefrontal cortex activation in regular cocaine users: A working memory functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Cousijn Janna , Ridderinkhof K. Richard , Kaag Anne Marije 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlthough two thirds of patients with a cocaine use disorder (CUD) are female, little is known about sex differences in the (neuro)pathology of CUD. The aim of this explorative study was to investigate sex‐dependent differences in prefrontal cortex (PFC) functioning during a working memory (WM) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) task in regular cocaine users (CUs), as PFC deficits are implicated in the shift from recreational cocaine use to CUD. Neural activation was measured using fMRI during a standard WM task (n‐back task) in 27 male and 28 female CUs and in 26 male and 28 female non‐cocaine users (non‐CUs). Although there were no main or interaction effects of sex and group on n‐back task performance, WM‐related (2‐back > 0‐back) PFC functioning was significantly moderated by sex and group: female compared with male CUs displayed higher WM‐related activation of the middle frontal gyrus (MFG), whereas female compared with male non‐CUs displayed lower WM‐related MFG activation. Additionally, WM‐related activation of the inferior frontal gyrus, insula, and putamen was negatively associated with cocaine use severity in female but not male CUs. These data support the hypothesis of sex‐dependent PFC differences in CUs and speculatively suggest that PFC deficits may be more strongly implicated in the development, continuation, and possibly treatment of CUD in females. Most importantly, the current data stress the importance of studying both males and females in psychiatry research as not doing so could greatly bias our knowledge of CUD and other psychiatric disorders.
Observational study of pre‐operative intravenous iron given to anaemic patients before elective cardiac surgery
Authors: Evans C. R. , Jones R. , Phillips G. , Greene G. , Phillips M. , Morris‐Clarke R. 
Published: January 2021

SummaryCardiac surgical patients with anaemia experience increased morbidity and mortality. Iron deficiency is the most common cause of pre‐operative anaemia in this group. We designed and implemented the Cardiff Pathway, a pre‐assessment and treatment pathway to identify cardiac surgical patients with anaemia and iron deficiency. Patients identified with anaemia and/or iron deficiency (Hb < 130 g.l‐1 and ferritin < 100 μg.l‐1) were offered intravenous iron infusion 20 mg.kg‐1 pre‐operatively. Treatment success was defined as Hb ≥ 130g.l‐1 on the day of surgery. We analysed data from 447 patients: 300 (67%) were not anaemic; 75 (17%) were anaemic and treated with intravenous iron; and 72 (16%) were anaemic and not treated. Haemoglobin concentration increased in successfully treated anaemic patients by a mean (95%CI) of 17 (13–21) g.l‐1 and they received a median (IQR [range]) of 0 (0–2 [0–15]) units of blood peri‐operatively. Transfusion was avoided in 54% of the successfully treated anaemic patients, which was significantly more than the unsuccessfully treated anaemic (22%, p = 0.005) and untreated anaemic (28%, p = 0.018) patients and similar to non‐anaemic patients who received a median (IQR [range] of 0 (0–1 [0–16])) units of blood and, 63% avoided transfusion). Mean (95%CI) Hb fell between pre‐assessment and surgery in the untreated anaemic (‐2 (0 to ‐4) g.l‐1) and non‐anaemic groups (‐2 (‐1 to ‐3) g.l‐1). Twenty‐one (7%) of the non‐anaemic group became newly anaemic waiting for surgery. The Cardiff Pathway reliably identified patients with anaemia and iron deficiency. Anaemic patients who had their Hb restored to normal after treatment required less blood peri‐operatively and over half of them required no transfusion at all.
Bipolar disorder and the gut microbiome: A systematic review
Authors: Sublette M. Elizabeth , Cheung Stephanie , Lieberman Evan , Hu Shaohua , Mann J. John , Uhlemann Anne‐Catrin , Miller Jeffrey M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe microbiome is a rapidly advancing biomedical frontier with relevance for psychiatric illness. The gut microbiota interact with the central nervous system bidirectionally through the gut–brain axis and generate substances that may influence host metabolism, including short‐chain fatty acids such as butyrate. Understanding gut microbiota in bipolar disorder (BD) may suggest new disease markers and treatment approaches.MethodsA PubMed search was performed on January 7, 2020 using terms "bipolar AND (microbiome OR microbiota)”, for articles in English in which the study population included a distinct BD group and the gut microbiota/microbiome was assessed.ResultsThirteen articles met the inclusion criteria. In four of five studies that reported on group comparisons with respect to diversity, lower α‐diversity was observed in BD relative to healthy controls (HC). The most convergent taxonomic finding was that in four studies, one particular clade distinguished gut microbiota between BD and HC: family Ruminococcaceae, genus Faecalibacterium, and species Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Members of this clade, known for butyrate production, were reduced in BD relative to HC in three studies but elevated in a fourth. Additionally, genera Bacteroides or Bacteroides–Prevotella group species were elevated in BD in two studies but lower in a third.ConclusionsDespite few studies and modest sample sizes, salient findings suggest that low α‐diversity and dysbiosis with respect to abundance of Faecalibacterium and Bacteroides may characterize BD in both a trait and state‐dependent fashion. Decreased richness and butyrate production also foster inflammation, which may be a hitherto unrecognized part of the pathophysiology underlying BD.
Social Networks and Strike Participation: A Dynamic Analysis of the Hollywood Writers Strike
Authors: Ertan Güneş , Siciliano Michael D. , McGrath Erin C. , McGrath Molly 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSupport and commitment of union members, as well as solidarity among workers, are crucial for effective mobilization. This article examines the 2007–2008 Hollywood Writers’ Strike as a case of a fragmented labour force in a creative industry. The article explores how social networks serve as facilitators of solidarity among workers and participation in strike events. There is robust empirical evidence in the literature, showing that organizational structure in the workplace determines social ties among workers, and these pre‐existing ties are likely to have an effect on workers’ commitment to and participation in a strike. However, this empirical literature is limited in the sense that it does not consider the evolution of social networks during organizing and strikes. Therefore, this study seeks to understand the effect of collective action on interpersonal relations among the participants, and the role of these ties on future strike participation. The main contribution of this article is to empirically show that social networksduringa strike aredynamic, and participation in a strike is very much a function of these networks. We also show that propinquity and network intentionality were important tie formation mechanisms in the picket lines. The implications of these findings for organizers and trade‐offs between hierarchical and decentralized mobilizations are also discussed.
Robin Hood or Matthew? Children’s Reasoning About Redistributive Justice in the Context of Economic Inequalities
Authors: Essler Samuel , Paulus Markus 
Published: January 2021

How should one respond to ubiquitous economic inequalities? The legend Robin Hood suggests to take away from the wealthy to benefit the poor, whereas another strategy holds the opposite (Matthew effect). Here, 3‐ to 8‐year‐old children (N = 140) witnessed protagonists performing redistributions (e.g., Robin Hood, Matthew) of necessary and luxury resources between a wealthy and a poor child. Results showed that, with age, children increasingly approved of Robin Hood and increasingly disapproved of Matthew. In addition, reasoning about others’ welfare mediated the effect of age on children’s evaluation of Robin Hood, but only for necessary resources. This suggests that children regard restorative justice actions as a strategy to address social inequalities when it increases the welfare of disadvantaged agents.
IVIg increases interleukin-11 levels, which in turn contribute to increased platelets, VWF and FVIII in mice and humans
Authors: Nguyen A , Repesse Y , Ebbo M , Allenbach Y , Benveniste O , Vallat J M , Magy L , Deshayes S , Maigné G , de Boysson H , Karnam A , Delignat S , Lacroix-Desmazes S , Bayry J , Aouba A 
Published: January 2021

SummaryThe mechanisms of action of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) in autoimmune diseases are not fully understood. The fixed duration of efficacy and noncumulative effects of IVIg in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and acquired von Willebrand disease (AVWD) suggest other mechanisms besides immunological ones. Additionally to the peripheral destruction of platelets in ITP, their medullary hypoproduction emerged as a new paradigm with rescue of thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RA). In an ITP mouse model, interleukin (IL)-11 blood levels increase following IVIg. IL-11 stimulates the production of platelets and other haemostasis factors; recombinant IL-11 (rIL-11) is thus used as a growth factor in post-chemotherapy thrombocytopenia. We therefore hypothesized that IVIg induces IL-11 over-production, which increases platelets, VWF and factor VIII (FVIII) levels in humans and mice. First, in an ITP mouse model, we show that IVIg or rIL-11 induces a rapid increase (72 h) in platelets, FVIII and VWF levels, whereas anti-IL-11 antibody greatly decreased this effect. Secondly, we quantify for the first time in patients with ITP, AVWD, inflammatory myopathies or Guillain–Barré syndrome the dramatic IL-11 increase following IVIg, regardless of the disease. As observed in mice, platelets, VWF and FVIII levels increased following IVIg. The late evolution (4 weeks) of post-IVIg IL-11 levels overlapped with those of VWF and platelets. These data may explain thrombotic events following IVIg and open perspectives to monitor post-IVIg IL-11/thrombopoietin ratios, and to assess rIL-11 use with or without TPO-RA as megakaryopoiesis co-stimulating factors to overcome the relative hypoproduction of platelets or VWF in corresponding autoimmune diseases, besides immunosuppressant.
Podocyte density is reduced in kidney allografts with high‐risk APOL1 genotypes at transplantation
Authors: Chen Dhruti P. , Zaky Ziad S. , Schold Jesse D. , Herlitz Leal C. , El‐Rifai Rasha , Drawz Paul E. , Bruggeman Leslie A. , Barisoni Laura , Hogan Susan L , Hu Yichun , O’Toole John F. , Poggio Emilio D. , Sedor John R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVariants in apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) gene are associated with nondiabetic kidney diseases in black subjects and reduced kidney transplant graft survival. Living and deceased black kidney donors (n = 107) were genotyped for APOL1 variants. To determine whether allografts from high‐risk APOL1 donors have reduced podocyte densities contributing to allograft failure, we morphometrically estimated podocyte number, glomerular volume, and podocyte density. We compared allograft loss and eGFR trajectories stratified by APOL1 high‐risk and low‐risk genotypes. Demographic characteristics were similar in high‐risk (n = 16) and low‐risk (n = 91) donors. Podocyte density was significantly lower in high‐risk than low‐risk donors (108 ± 26 vs 127 ± 40 podocytes/106um3, P = .03). Kaplan‐Meier graft survival (high‐risk 61% vs. low‐risk 91%, p‐value = 0.049) and multivariable Cox models (hazard ratio = 2.6; 95% CI, 0.9‐7.8) revealed higher graft loss in recipients of APOL1 high‐risk allografts over 48 months. More rapid eGFR decline was seen in recipients of high‐risk APOL1 allografts (P < .001). At 60 months, eGFR was 27 vs. 51 mL/min/1.73 min2 in recipients of APOL1 high‐risk vs low‐risk kidney allografts, respectively. Kidneys from high‐risk APOL1 donors had worse outcomes versus low‐risk APOL1 genotypes. Lower podocyte density in kidneys from high‐risk APOL1 donors may increase susceptibility to CKD from subsequent stresses in both the recipients and donors.
Open Access in Indonesia
Authors: Irawan Dasapta Erwin , Abraham Juneman , Zein Rizqy Amelia , Ridlo Ilham Akhsanu , Aribowo Eric Kunto 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTDespite the absence of funding pressures that explicitly mandate a shift to open access (OA), Indonesia is a leader in OA publishing. Indonesia subscribes to a non‐profit model of OA, which differs from that promoted by Plan S. The penetration of bibliometric systems of academic performance assessment is pushing Indonesian scholars away from a local non‐profit model of OA to a model based on high publication charges. This article considers whether Plan S promotes or undermines the ability of Indonesian scholars to develop systems of OA adapted to local resource constraints and research needs.
Glucosuric, renal and haemodynamic effects of licogliflozin, a dual inhibitor of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐1 and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2, in patients with chronic kidney disease: A randomized trial
Authors: He YanLing , Pachori Alok , Chen Ping , Ma Shenglin , Mendonza Anisha E. , Amer Ahmed , Marbury Thomas C. , Hinder Markus 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate the glucosuric, renal and haemodynamic effects of licogliflozin, a dual sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐1 and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor, in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodsThis multiple‐dose, parallel‐group, phase II mechanistic study randomized 53 participants (aged 18–78 years, body mass index ≤ 50 kg/m2) with varying degrees of CKD or normal renal function to treatment with licogliflozin (50 mg once daily) or placebo for 7 days. The effects of licogliflozin on 24‐h urinary glucose excretion (UGE24), renal function, haemodynamics, pharmacokinetics and safety were assessed.ResultsLicogliflozin treatment for 7 days significantly (p < .01) increased UGE24 from baseline in participants with normal renal function (adjusted mean change: 41.8 [33.6, 49.9] g) or with mild (32.6 [24.1, 41.0] g), moderate A (35.7 [28.6, 42.9] g) or moderate B (20.3 [13.1, 27.5] g) CKD, but not in severe (6.2 [−0.71, 13.18] g) CKD. Licogliflozin reduced urinary electrolytes (sodium, potassium and chloride), blood pressure and urinary volume to varying extents among different groups. Significant increases in renin (p < .05), angiotensin II (p < .05) and aldosterone (p < .01) levels were observed. Adverse events were generally mild, and most commonly included diarrhoea (94%), flatulence (68%) and abdominal pain (21%).ConclusionLicogliflozin treatment results in significantly increased UGE and favourable changes in urinary electrolytes and haemodynamics in patients with varying degrees of CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 45 mL/min/1.73 m2).
Comparison of real‐time and droplet digital PCR to detect and quantify SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA in plasma
Authors: Tedim Ana P. , Almansa Raquel , Domínguez‐Gil Marta , González‐Rivera Milagros , Micheloud Dariela , Ryan Pablo , Méndez Raúl , Blanca‐López Natalia , Pérez‐García Felipe , Bustamante Elena , Gómez José Manuel , Doncel Cristina , Trapiello Wysali , Kelvin Alyson A. , Booth Ryan , Ostadgavahi Ali Toloue , Oneizat Ruth , Puertas Carolina , Barbé Ferrán , Ferrer Ricard , Menéndez Rosario , Bermejo‐Martin Jesús F , Eiros José María , Kelvin David J , Torres Antoni 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe presence of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA in plasma has been linked to disease severity and mortality. We compared RT‐qPCR to droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) to detect SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA in plasma from COVID‐19 patients (mild, moderate, and critical disease).MethodsThe presence/concentration of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA in plasma was compared in three groups of COVID‐19 patients (30 outpatients, 30 ward patients and 30 ICU patients) using both RT‐qPCR and ddPCR. Plasma was obtained in the first 24h following admission, and RNA was extracted using eMAG. ddPCR was performed using Bio‐Rad SARS‐CoV‐2 detection kit, and RT‐qPCR was performed using GeneFinder™ COVID‐19 Plus RealAmp Kit. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Science.ResultsSARS‐CoV‐2 RNA was detected, using ddPCR and RT‐qPCR, in 91% and 87% of ICU patients, 27% and 23% of ward patients and 3% and 3% of outpatients. The concordance of the results obtained by both methods was excellent (Cohen's kappa index = 0.953). RT‐qPCR was able to detect 34/36 (94.4%) patients positive for viral RNA in plasma by ddPCR. Viral RNA load was higher in ICU patients compared with the other groups (P < .001), by both ddPCR and RT‐qPCR. AUC analysis revealed Ct values (RT‐qPCR) and viral RNA load values (ddPCR) can similarly differentiate between patients admitted to wards and to the ICU (AUC of 0.90 and 0.89, respectively).ConclusionBoth methods yielded similar prevalence of RNAemia between groups, with ICU patients showing the highest (>85%). RT‐qPCR was as useful as ddPCR to detect and quantify SARS‐CoV‐2 RNAemia in plasma.
Impact of dental treatment and the severity of traumatic dental injuries on the quality of life of Brazilian schoolchildren
Authors: da Silva Rainier Luiz Carvalho , Dias Ribeiro Ana Paula , Almeida Júlio César Franco , Sousa Samantha Jéssica Lopes , Garcia Fernanda Cristina Pimentel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground/AimsTraumatic dental injuries (TDI) are most prevalent during adolescence and infancy, and they have an important impact on the oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL). The aim of this study was to assess the effect of dental treatment and the severity of TDI on the OHRQoL of schoolchildren in public schools in Brazil.Materials and MethodsThis cross‐sectional study evaluated schoolchildren aged 11 to 14 years in Brasilia, Brazil. The criteria used for the examinations were TDI—O’Brien criteria; Dental caries—DMFT criteria; and malocclusion—the Dental Aesthetic Index. The impact of oral health on the children's quality of life was assessed with the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ11–14) that was completed by the children while on the school premises. Socio‐demographic information was also collected from the parents. Statistical analysis was performed using non‐parametric and association tests, as well as linear regression.ResultsA total of 20.2% of the students had some TDI in their permanent anterior teeth; 20% of traumatized teeth were treated, and 80% were not treated. Sorting by severity, 75.1% of the schoolchildren had a TDI involving only the enamel, and 24.9% had a TDI extending beyond the enamel. Significant differences were observed between the severity of a TDI and the total scores of CPQ11–14 (Kruskal–Wallis; p = 0.0026), emotional well‐being (p = 0.0006), and social well‐being (p = 0.0001) when the group with TDI extending beyond the enamel was compared with the other groups (control and with TDI involving only the enamel), even after adjustment for socio‐demographic and clinical variables. For oral symptoms and functional limitation, no differences were observed among the groups.ConclusionsDental trauma and fractures extending beyond the enamel, treated or not, have a negative impact on the OHRQoL of schoolchildren, suggesting effects on self‐perception and in the social and emotional spheres.
Food plant diversity, distribution, and nutritional aspects of the endemic golden silk producing silkworm, Antheraea assamensis – a review
Authors: Devi Barsha , Chutia Mahananda , Bhattacharyya Nabanita 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMuga silkworms, Antheraea assamensis (Helfer) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) is a semi‐domesticated sericigenous insect that produces the costliest golden colored exquisite silk. The silkworm is endemic to Assam and the adjoining areas of northeastern India. This multivoltine silkworm feeds on a variety of perennial food plants. However, less is known about the food plants of the silkworm other than the primary ones, namely Persea bombycina Kost. and Litsea monopetala (Roxb.) Pers. (both Lauraceae) in terms of rearing performances, diversity, nutritional aspects, and silkworm‐food plant relationships. Here, we review the utilization and present status of the food plants of Muga silkworm based on published information and field observations. Although 37 species belonging to eight families – namely Magnoliaceae, Lauraceae, Celastraceae, Verbenaceae, Apocynaceae, Symplocaceae, Rutaceae, and Rhamnaceae – were reported previously, only P. bombycina and L. monopetala have been exploited commercially and are being utilized in silkworm farming. Some other food plants documented previously are six Cinnamomum spp., five Litsea spp., three Symplocos spp., three Zanthoxylum spp., three Persea spp., three Actinodaphne spp., and two Celastrus spp. Systematic documentation, evaluation, and conservation of these food plants of Muga silkworm is urgently needed to preserve their gene pool in wild habitats. Silkworm farming in forest vicinity and tea silkworm‐based farming (as shade tree) may be experimentally tried which will aid the conservation of biodiversity with economic benefit.