bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid early gas accretion for the inner Galactic disc
Authors: Snaith Owain , Haywood Misha , Di Matteo Paola , Lehnert Matthew , Katz David , Khoperskov Sergey 
Published: December 2021

Context. Recent observations of the Milky Way and galaxies at high redshifts suggest that galaxy discs were already in place soon after the Big Bang. While the gas infall history of the Milky Way in the inner disc has long been assumed to be characterised by a short accretion timescale, this has not been directly constrained using observations.
Aims. Using data for the inner regions of the Milky Way recently produced by APOGEE and Gaia and of unprecedented quantity and quality, we aim to derive strong constraints on the infall history of the inner (< 6 kpc) Galaxy (with a focus on stars between 4 and 6 kpc, which we show is an appropriate proxy for the entire inner disc).
Methods. We implemented gas infall into a chemical evolution model of the Galaxy disc, and used a Schmidt–Kennicutt law to connect the infall to the star formation. We explore a number of models, and two different formulations of the infall law. In one formulation, the infall is non-parametric, and in the other the infall has an explicitly exponential form. We fit the model parameters to the time–[Si/Fe] distribution of solar vicinity stars, and the metallicity and [Si/Fe] distribution function of stars with a galactocentric radius of between 4 and 6 kpc from APOGEE.
Results. Our results point to a fast, early gas accretion, and an upper limit on the accretion timescale of around 2 Gyr in the inner disc of the Milky Way. This suggests that at least half the baryons were in place within 2−3 Gyr of the Big Bang, and that half the stars of the inner disc formed within the first 5 Gyr, during the thick disc formation phase. This implies that the stellar mass of the inner disc is dominated by the thick disc, supporting our previous work, and that the gas accretion onto the inner disc was rapid and early.
Trauer – ein Prozess mit vielen Facetten
Authors: Paul Chris 
Published: December 2021

SummaryIn der Trauerforschung wurden im Laufe der Jahre phasenorientierte Trauermodelle von solchen abgelöst, die einzelne Themen benennen und die Prozesse als nicht-linear, multifaktoriell und individuell beschreiben. Das TrauerKaleidoskop beschreibt 6 Facetten des Trauerns, die nach Erfahrung der Autorin in Trauerprozessen immer vorhanden sind: Überleben, Anpassen, Einordnen, Wirklichkeit, Gefühle, Verbunden bleiben. Wie das Fallbeispiel im Beitrag aufzeigt, ist das TrauerKaleidoskop nicht nur ein Modell, sondern lässt sich auch in der Trauerberatung als Instrument der Visualisierung von Prozessen verwenden.
Gemeinsam spirituell auf das Leben schauen
Authors: Wortberg Marie 
Published: December 2021

SummaryDie Biografiearbeit ist eine beratende Tätigkeit, bei der Sinnfragen und tieferliegende spirituelle Themen im Fokus stehen. Bei der Biografiearbeit stehen für den Austausch zu erlebten Erfahrungen verschiedene methodische Herangehensweisen zur Verfügung. Besonders am Lebensende kann die Biografiearbeit hilfreich sein, auch für Angehörige im Trauerprozess.
Empfehlungen zu SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 in Schwangerschaft, Geburt und Wochenbett – Update November 2021 (Langfassung)
Authors: Zöllkau Janine , Hagenbeck Carsten , Hecher Kurt , Pecks Ulrich , Schlembach Dietmar , Simon Arne , Schlösser Rolf , Schleußner Ekkehard 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungSeit Beginn der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie haben die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe und die Gesellschaft für Peri-/Neonatalmedizin Empfehlungen zum Umgang mit SARS-CoV-2-positiven Schwangerschaften und Neugeborenen veröffentlicht und wiederholt aktualisiert. Als Weiterführung der bestehenden Empfehlungen werden in dem aktuellen Update Schlüsselfragen zur prä-, peri- und postnatalen Versorgung von Schwangeren, Gebärenden, Wöchnerinnen, Stillenden mit SARS-CoV-2 und COVID-19 sowie deren Un- oder Neugeborenen auf der Grundlage von Veröffentlichungen bis zum September 2021 behandelt. Die Empfehlungen und Stellungnahmen wurden sorgfältig aus den aktuell verfügbaren wissenschaftlichen Daten abgeleitet und anschließend im Expertenkonsens verabschiedet. Dieser Leitfaden – hier in der Langfassung vorliegend – soll eine Hilfe für die klinische Entscheidungsfindung darstellen. Die Auslegung und therapeutische Verantwortung obliegen weiterhin dem betreuenden medizinischen Team vor Ort, dessen Entscheidungen durch diese Empfehlungen unterstützt werden sollen. Aufgrund der raschen Dynamik neuer Erkenntnisse kann eine Anpassung erforderlich sein. Die Empfehlungen werden durch die Zustimmung der Fachgesellschaften getragen: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Perinatale Medizin (DGPM), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe (DGGG), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pränatal- und Geburtsmedizin (DGPGM), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Infektiologie (DGPI), Gesellschaft für Neonatologie und Pädiatrische Intensivmedizin (GNPI).
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus
Authors: Al-Tawfiq Jaffar A. , Azhar Esam I. , Memish Ziad A. , Zumla Alimuddin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe past two decades have witnessed the emergence of three zoonotic coronaviruses which have jumped species to cause lethal disease in humans: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2. MERS-CoV emerged in Saudi Arabia in 2012 and the origins of MERS-CoV are not fully understood. Genomic analysis indicates it originated in bats and transmitted to camels. Human-to-human transmission occurs in varying frequency, being highest in healthcare environment and to a lesser degree in the community and among family members. Several nosocomial outbreaks of human-to-human transmission have occurred, the largest in Riyadh and Jeddah in 2014 and South Korea in 2015. MERS-CoV remains a high-threat pathogen identified by World Health Organization as a priority pathogen because it causes severe disease that has a high mortality rate, epidemic potential, and no medical countermeasures. MERS-CoV has been identified in dromedaries in several countries in the Middle East, Africa, and South Asia. MERS-CoV-2 causes a wide range of clinical presentations, although the respiratory system is predominantly affected. There are no specific antiviral treatments, although recent trials indicate that combination antivirals may be useful in severely ill patients. Diagnosing MERS-CoV early and implementation infection control measures are critical to preventing hospital-associated outbreaks. Preventing MERS relies on avoiding unpasteurized or uncooked animal products, practicing safe hygiene habits in health care settings and around dromedaries, community education and awareness training for health workers, as well as implementing effective control measures. Effective vaccines for MERS-COV are urgently needed but still under development.
Management of Severe Influenza
Authors: O'Driscoll Liam S. , Martin-Loeches Ignacio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInfluenza infection causes severe illness in 3 to 5 million people annually, with up to an estimated 650,000 deaths per annum. As such, it represents an ongoing burden to health care systems and human health. Severe acute respiratory infection can occur, resulting in respiratory failure requiring intensive care support. Herein we discuss diagnostic approaches, including development of CLIA-waived point of care tests that allow rapid diagnosis and treatment of influenza. Bacterial and fungal coinfections in severe influenza pneumonia are associated with worse outcomes, and we summarize the approach and treatment options for diagnosis and treatment of bacterial and Aspergillus coinfection. We discuss the available drug options for the treatment of severe influenza, and treatments which are no longer supported by the evidence base. Finally, we describe the supportive management and ventilatory approach to patients with respiratory failure as a result of severe influenza in the intensive care unit.
90-Day Bundled Payment Simulation, Health Care Utilization, and Complications following Craniopharyngioma Resection in Adult Patients
Authors: Dietz Nicholas , Sharma Mayur , John Kevin , Wang Dengzhi , Ugiliweneza Beatrice , Mokshagundam Sriprakash , Bjurström Martin F. , Boakye Maxwell , Williams Brian J. , Andaluz Norberto 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Context Bundled payment and health care utilization models inform cost optimization and surgical outcomes. Economic analysis of payment plans for craniopharyngioma resection is unknown.
Objective This study aimed to identify impact of endocrine and nonendocrine complications (EC and NEC, respectively) on health care utilization and bundled payments following craniopharyngioma resection.
Design This study is presented as a retrospective cohort analysis (2000–2016) with 2 years of follow-up.
Setting The study included national inpatient hospitalization and outpatient visits.
Patients Patients undergoing craniopharyngioma resection were divided into the following four groups: group 1, no complications (NC); group 2, only EC; group 3, NEC; and group 4, both endocrine and nonendocrine complications (ENEC).
Interventions This study investigated transphenoidal or subfrontal approach for tumor resection.
Main Outcome Hospital readmission, health care utilization up to 24 months following discharge, and 90-day bundled payment performances are primary outcomes of this study.
Results Median index hospitalization payments were significantly lower for patients in NC cohort ($28,672) compared with those in EC ($32,847), NEC ($36,259), and ENEC ($32,596; p < 0.0001). Patients in ENEC incurred higher outpatient services and overall median payments at 6 months (NC: 38,268; EC: 49,844; NEC: 68,237; and ENEC: 81,053), 1 year (NC: 46,878; EC: 58,210; NEC: 81,043; and ENEC: 94,768), and 2 years (NC: 58,391; EC: 70,418; NEC: 98,838; and ENEC: 1,11,841; p < 0.0001). The 90-day median bundled payment was significantly different among the cohorts with the highest in ENEC ($60,728) and lowest in the NC ($33,089; p < 0.0001).
Conclusion ENEC following surgery incurred almost two times the overall median payments at 90 days, 6 months, 1 year. and 2 years compared with those without complications. Bundled payment model may not be a feasible option in this patient population. Type of complications and readmission rates should be considered to optimize payment model prediction following craniopharyngioma resection.
COVID-19 in Children: Update on Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Esposito Susanna , Abate Luciana , Laudisio Serena Rosa , Ciuni Andrea , Cella Simone , Sverzellati Nicola , Principi Nicola 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn December 2019, a new infectious disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) attributed to the new virus named severe scute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was detected. The gold standard for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is the viral identification in nasopharyngeal swab by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Few data on the role of imaging are available in the pediatric population. Similarly, considering that symptomatic therapy is adequate in most of the pediatric patients with COVID-19, few pediatric pharmacological studies are available. The main aim of this review is to describe and discuss the scientific literature on various imaging approaches and therapeutic management in children and adolescents affected by COVID-19. Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are less severe in children than in adults and as a consequence the radiologic findings are less marked. If imaging is needed, chest radiography is the first imaging modality of choice in the presence of moderate-to-severe symptoms. Regarding therapy, acetaminophen or ibuprofen are appropriate for the vast majority of pediatric patients. Other drugs should be prescribed following an appropriate individualized approach. Due to the characteristics of COVID-19 in pediatric age, the importance of strengthening the network between hospital and territorial pediatrics for an appropriate diagnosis and therapeutic management represents a priority.
Drawing Kafka’s Castle
Authors: Troscianko Emily T. , Carney James 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We investigated the effects of narrative perspective on mental imagery by comparing responses to an English translation of Franz Kafka’s Das Schloß (The Castle) in the published version (narrated in the third person) versus an earlier (first-person) draft. We analysed participants’ pencil drawings of their imaginative experience for presence/absence of specific features (K. and the castle) and for image entropy (a proxy for image unpredictability). We also used word embeddings to perform cluster analysis of participants’ verbal free-response testimony, generating thematic clusters independently of experimenter expectations. We found no effects of text version on feature presence or overall entropy, but an effect on entropy variance, which was higher in the third-person condition. There was also an effect of text version on free responses: Readers of the third-person version were more likely to use words associated with mood and atmosphere. We offer conclusions on “Kafkaesque” aesthetics, cognitive realism, and the future of experimental literary studies.
If time had no beginning: growth dynamics for past-infinite causal sets
Authors: Bento Bruno Valeixo , Dowker Fay , Zalel Stav 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We explore whether the growth dynamics paradigm of causal set theory is compatible with past-infinite causal sets. We modify the classical sequential growth dynamics of Rideout and Sorkin to accommodate growth ‘into the past’ and discuss what form physical constraints such as causality could take in this new framework. We propose convex-suborders as the ‘observables’ or ‘physical properties’ in a theory in which causal sets can be past-infinite and use this proposal to construct a manifestly covariant framework for dynamical models of growth for past-infinite causal sets.
Damage quantification of aluminum plates using SC-DTW method based on Lamb waves
Authors: Wei Daiping , Liu Xiaofeng , Wang Bangxin , Tang Zhi , Bo Lin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Lamb waves were utilized to quantify micro-crack damage in aluminum plates, and the scattering and mode conversion of Lamb waves passing through cracks were analyzed. The dynamic time warping (DTW) method was used to match and compare each Lamb wave time series that represented different damage degrees. The matching difference between the damaged plate and undamaged plate was taken as a marker to measure the damage degree of the workpiece. At the same time, due to the pathological alignment of traditional DTW methods, the shape context (SC) profile recognition method was introduced to optimize the algorithm for calculating the distance between sampling points in the DTW method and solve the pathological alignment problem. Finally, the SC-DTW method based on Lamb waves was verified by the finite element simulation model and bending test of aluminum plates. The results showed that the method was feasible for quantifying the damage degree of aluminum plates and had a great advantage in the analysis and processing of time series in low-sampling frequency and high-noise scenarios.
Evaluation of the nonlinear surface resistance of REBCO coated conductors for their use in the FCC-hh beam screen
Authors: Krkotić P , Romanov A , Tagdulang N , Telles G , Puig T , Gutierrez J , Granados X , Calatroni S , Perez F , Pont M , O’Callaghan J M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To assess the feasibility of using high-temperature superconductors for the beam screens of future circular colliders, we have undertaken a study of the power dependence of the microwave surface resistance in state-of-the-art REBCO coated conductors at about 8 GHz and 50 K. We have employed a dielectric resonator to produce radio-frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields on the surface of the coated conductors having amplitudes similar to those generated by proton bunches circulating in the vacuum chamber of the proposed future circular collider Hadron-Hadron (FCC-hh) at CERN We show that surface resistances in REBCO coated conductors without artificial pinning centers are more affected by a RF magnetic field than those containing nano-inclusions. Despite that, at 8 GHz, 50 K, and 9 T, most REBCO coated conductors studied outperform copper in terms of surface resistance, with the best sample having a 2.3 mΩ surface resistance while being subject to an RF field 2.5 times stronger than that in the FCC-hh. We also extrapolate the measured data to 16 T and 1 GHz, the actual FCC-hh dipole magnetic field, and the mid-beam frequency spectrum, demonstrating the possibility of lowering the surface resistance of the vacuum chamber by up to two orders of magnitude compared to copper. Further, we discuss the correlation between the time structure of the electromagnetic fields provided by vector network analyzers compared to the proton bunches’ time structure in the collider and present the effect of low alternating magnetic fields on vortex displacement and the possibility of demagnetization of superconducting samples.
Common Crane as a species indicating the conservation importance of wetlands
Authors: Bakka S V , Kiseleva N Yu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The relevance of the study is determined by the high importance of wetlands in the ecological frameworks of territories and the need for methodological approaches to identify wetlands of high conservation importance. The paper is aimed to demonstrate the indicator role of the Common crane to determine the conservation importance of wetlands on the example of the Nizhny Novgorod region. Objectives: to estimate the number of the common crane in existing and reserved protected areas; to analyze the presence of wildlife species listed in the Red Data Book of the Nizhny Novgorod region in these protected areas. The results of many years of surveys as well as data from the Red Data Book of Nizhny Novgorod region are analyzed. It is shown that within 93 protected areas of the total area 491870 ha 135598.4 ha of wetlands are protected, where 830 territorial pairs of cranes (about 60% of the regional population of the species) inhabit. Along with the common crane, these areas serve to protect almost all (91%) obligate wetland wildlife species listed in the Red Data Book of Nizhny Novgorod region, 82% of rare species associated with wetlands and 53% of species not associated with wetlands. Our calculations showed a high correlation of the number of rare wildlife species with the wetland area (correlation coefficient 0.75). The correlation of the number of rare species with the number of common crane was higher (correlation coefficient 0.82). Quantitative correlations of the number of rare wildlife species with the area of wetlands and the number of common cranes were also calculated. The obtained conclusions allow using the number of the common crane for substantiation of importance of wetlands for nature protection and establishment of protected areas.
The study of spectral and luminescent properties of humic acids and their impact on the photodegradation process of 2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)-4-methylphenol
Authors: Fedorova A , Sokolova I , Selyanina S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
UV photolysis (KrCl excilamp, λrad ~ 222 nm) of aqueous humic acids (HAs) samples was carried out without and in the presence of 2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)-4-methylphenol. The samples of HAs fractions were obtained from Aldrich Chemical Co and prepared from peat of Arkhangelsk region. The presence of Aldrich humic acid in the solution has a essential effect on the processes of phenolic compound photochemical degradation under the action of light from the excilamp.
Changes in the microbial community structure triggered by permafrost peat thawing
Authors: Nikitkin V A , Kolesnichenko L G , Nikitkina E G , Pivovarova A V , Kostenko E , Lushchaeva I V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
An increase in permafrost temperature, accompanied by the melting and release of buried organic carbon, is one of the elements of the global warming scenario. To understand the way ecosystems respond to environmental changes, it is necessary to elucidate the factors affecting the distribution and activity of microbes in permafrost soils, which have been poorly studied so far. Meanwhile, they can have significant implications for nutrient cycling and related processes. Our research is devoted to assessing changes in the structure of the microbial community due to the melting of the palsa permafrost layer caused by the fire in 2007. The ecological-trophic groups of microorganisms of the territories changed under the influence of a natural fire in comparison with undisturbed analogs have been studied. It was revealed that the number of microorganisms in most groups on the palsa, affected by fire, is statistically significantly higher than the number of microorganisms in the undisturbed area.
Resource-saving processing of technological solutions and wastewater by electrochemical method (methods overview)
Authors: Bykovsky N A , Kantor E A , Malkova M A , Rahman P A , Puchkova L N , Fanakova N N 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper summarizes the data on the wastewater formation from a number of plants of chemical, engineering, energy and leather industries and its processing in electrolyzers of various designs to obtain the substances that can be used in various production processes. In the ethylenediamine production, wastewater occurs at the stages of amines rectification and of ethylenediamine dihydrochloride neutralization. Recycling of effluents generated during the amine rectification in a two-chamber electrolysis cell allows the ethylenediamine and ammonia to be returned to the production process. The processing of ethylenediamine dihydrochloride solution in the membrane electrolyzers saves alkali for the neutralization process. Electrochemical processing of distilled liquid in soda production makes possible to obtain calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid or chlorine, which can be used in various industrial processes. Wastewater generated during the demineralized water production contains a significant amounts of sodium sulfates and chlorides. The processing of these effluents in a membrane electrolyzer yields sulfuric acid and alkali, which are suitable for the regeneration of ion-exchange filters. After processing in an electrodialysis apparatus the wastewater generated during the chromium and nickel coatings, is concentrated to values that allow them to be used to prepare an electrolyte adjustment. The leather industry effluents contains an amount of trivalent chromium and sulphides. Electrochemical processing of these effluents leads to almost complete extraction of chromium and sulfides.