bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships of beverage consumption and actigraphy-assessed sleep parameters among urban-dwelling youth from Mexico
Authors: Jansen Erica C , Corcoran Kathleen , Perng Wei , Dunietz Galit L , Cantoral Alejandra , Zhou Ling , Téllez-Rojo Martha M , Peterson Karen E 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjective:To examine whether usual beverage intake was associated with sleep timing, duration and fragmentation among adolescents.Design:Usual beverage intake was assessed with a FFQ. Outcomes included sleep duration, midpoint (median of bed and wake times) and fragmentation, assessed with 7-d actigraphy. Sex-stratified linear regression was conducted with sleep characteristics as separate outcomes and quantiles of energy-adjusted beverage intake as exposures, accounting for age, maternal education, physical activity and smoking.Setting:Mexico City.Participants:528 adolescents residing in Mexico City enrolled in a longitudinal cohort.Results:The mean age (sd) was 14·4 (2·1) years; 48 % were male. Among males, milk and water consumption were associated with longer weekday sleep duration (25 (95 % CI 1, 48) and 26 (95 % CI 4, 47) more minutes, in the 4th compared to the 1st quartile); and higher 100 % fruit juice consumption was related to earlier weekday sleep timing (−22 (95 % CI −28, 1) minutes in the 1st compared to the last quantile; P = 0·03). Among females, soda was associated with higher sleep fragmentation (1·6 (95 % CI 0·4, 2·8) % in the 4th compared to the 1st), and coffee/tea consumption was related to shorter weekend sleep duration (−23 (95 % CI −44, 2) minutes in the 4th compared to the 1st).Conclusions:Among females, adverse associations with sleep were observed for caffeinated drinks, while males with higher consumption of healthier beverage options (water, milk and 100 % juice) had evidence of longer and earlier-timed sleep. Potential mechanisms involving melatonin and tryptophan should be further investigated.
Greenhouse gas emissions from the production of cereals and livestock across high-, middle- and low-income countries
Authors: Gani Azmat 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study examines the effect of cereal and livestock production-induced greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) across high-, middle- and low-income countries from 2002 to 2016. A structural equation formulated within an environmental modeling framework is tested using the balanced panel-corrected standard errors estimation procedure. The findings showed that total food production is strongly correlated with methane and nitrous oxide in high-income countries and nitrous oxide emissions in middle-income countries. After disaggregating total food production into cereal and livestock production, the findings revealed that cereal production is positively and statistically significantly correlated with nitrous oxide emissions in high- and middle-income countries. The findings also confirmed that livestock production is positively and statistically significantly correlated with methane and nitrous oxide emissions in high-income countries. Incomes, industrial expansion, forest cover and education are other strong common determinants of GHGs in all three income categories of countries. The prime policy implication of this finding is the need for the food producers to transit toward environmentally cleaner and sustainable food production systems that mitigate GHGs and improve environmental performance and comply with the broader objectives of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 12, 13 and 15 (United Nations, 2015a, p. 3) relating to sustainable production, climate action and life on land, respectively.
ReversePetrogen: A Multiphase Dry Reverse Fractional Crystallization‐Mantle Melting Thermobarometer Applied to 13,589 Mid‐Ocean Ridge Basalt Glasses
Authors: Brown Krein S. , Molitor Z. J. , Grove T. L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe present a new algorithm, ReversePetrogen (RevPet), to infer mantle melting conditions (pressure, temperature, source composition) using evolved basalts that have experienced multiphase fractional crystallization. RevPet measures and minimizes the compositional distance between experimentally predicted phase saturation boundaries and an erupted basalt and the more primitive liquids that return it to a primary melt. We use RevPet to investigate mantle melting conditions at mid‐ocean ridges (MORs) using a global data set of 13,589 basaltic glasses. We find that their average apparent mantle potential temperature (TP*) is 1322°C ± 56°C with melting pressures of 13.0 ± 5 kbars. Inferring the true initial (pre‐melted) TP from TP* requires knowing the style and degree of melting of the input basalts. If MORB glasses were entirely produced by near‐fractional melting of a homogenous source, they would record the cooling of the mantle during melting from an initial TP = ∼1380°C (ΔTP = 0°C) down to TP = ∼1270°C. If, instead, they were all fully pooled near‐fractional melts of the same source, they would record variations in ambient MOR TP from ∼1300°C to 1450°C (ΔTP = 150°C). However, because MOR basalts are thought to be both near‐fractional and variably pooled melts of variable sources, MOR TP must be intermediate between these two extremes. Our best estimate, consistent with MOR crustal thickness, is that ambient MOR TP is homogenous (∼1350°C–1400°C) except near hotspots where TP reaches ∼1600°C. Some primitive glasses found near slow‐spreading ridges and back‐arcs record very low temperatures (TP* < 1250°C) and pressures of melting (<10 kbar) and reflect mantle cooling during melting and melt equilibration in the mantle lithosphere.
Lagrangian Analysis of the Northern Stratospheric Polar Vortex Split in April 2020
Authors: Curbelo Jezabel , Chen Gang , Mechoso Carlos Roberto 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe present study examines the northern stratosphere during April 2020, when the polar vortex split into two cyclonic vortices during a winter‐early spring period with the strongest ozone depletion on record. We investigate the dynamical evolution leading to the split at middle stratospheric levels, including the fate of fluid parcels on the vortex boundary during its rupture and the distribution of ozone between the vortices resulting from the split. We also illustrate the vertical structure of the vortices after the split. The findings obtained with Lagrangian methods confirm the key role for the split played by a flow with a special configuration of barriers to the motion of parcels. A trajectory analysis clarifies how the ozone distribution between vortices was such that ozone poorest air remained in the main vortex. The offspring vortex had a deep structure from the troposphere and later decayed to vanish by the end of April.
Logjams With a Lower Gap: Backwater Rise and Flow Distribution Beneath and Through Logjam Predicted by Two‐Box Momentum Balance
Authors: Follett E. , Schalko I. , Nepf H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLogjams with a gap at the bed form naturally in small channels and are used in engineering practice to maintain river connectivity at base flow. Limited understanding of a jam's effect on backwater rise and flow velocity limits assessment of geomorphic and ecological impacts of natural logjams, design of river restoration interventions, and representation in flood models. The distribution of flow through and beneath the jam satisfies a two‐box, momentum‐based model constrained by drag generated in the jam, momentum loss in flow through the lower gap, and net pressure force. The model was validated with 68 flume experiments. Backwater rise is predicted from discharge beneath the jam following established models for solid sluice gates. As a result, backwater rise increases with jam resistance, which forces a greater discharge beneath the jam. Below‐jam velocity and Shields parameter increased with ratio of friction coefficient to slope and decreasing gap height.
Quantifying the Extent of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean During the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian
Authors: Zhang Donghai , Huang Baochun , Zhao Guochun , Meert Joseph G. , Williams Simon , Zhao Jie , Zhou Tinghong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDating the closure of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean (PAO) is critical to our understanding of East Asian tectonics during the formation of Pangea, yet existing estimates differ by up to 130 Myr (380–250 Ma). We report two robust paleomagnetic results from 320 to 280 Ma volcanic strata in the South Mongolia‐Xing’an Belt. Stable characteristic remanences of both results are likely primary and characterized by positive fold tests, consistent polarity with the Kiaman Superchron (∼318–262 Ma) and average paleosecular variation. The new results indicate that the northward motion of North China and Mongolia paralleled Laurussia from the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian. The N‐S width of the PAO in the east‐central segment (reference site: 43°N/114°E) was ca. 2,700 km during the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian. This wide ocean impeded floral and faunal exchange until the Guadalupian, prior to its final closure by ca. 250 Ma.
The Structure of the Continent‐Ocean Transition in the Gulf of Lions From Joint Refraction and Reflection Travel‐Time Tomography
Authors: Merino I. , Prada M. , Ranero C. R. , Sallarès V. , Calahorrano A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Gulf of Lions—Ligurian basin, in the Western Mediterranean, opened from the end of Oligocene to the Miocene as a back‐arc basin driven by rollback of the Ionian slab. Geophysical surveys across the margin have explored the crustal structure and the continent‐ocean transition (COT), but its location and petrological nature is still a matter of debate. Here, we apply joint refraction and reflection travel‐time tomography that combines travel‐times from multichannel seismic and wide‐angle seismic data to provide improved constraints on the P‐wave velocity structure of the sediment cover and the geometry of the top of the basement with respect to previous studies. Similar to earlier works, the velocity model shows three crustal domains, but their geometry and internal velocity differ. We identify a ∼100 km‐wide domain of oceanic crust with an anomalously high upper crustal velocity possibly caused by porosity‐canceling processes triggered by 7–8 km thick overlying sediment cover. The vertical velocity structure and the thickness of the oceanic crust are similar to back‐arcs in the Pacific and the Western Mediterranean. In contrast to previous interpretations, we propose that this oceanic domain is confined between two domains of ultra‐thin (4–5 km‐thick) continental crust, and that the COT is <10 km wide on either side of the oceanic crust.
Meridional Variations of C2H2 in Jupiter's Stratosphere From Juno UVS Observations
Authors: Giles Rohini S. , Greathouse Thomas K. , Hue Vincent , Gladstone G. Randall , Melin Henrik , Fletcher Leigh N. , Irwin Patrick G. J. , Kammer Joshua A. , Versteeg Maarten H. , Bonfond Bertrand , Grodent Denis C. , Bolton Scott J. , Levin Steven M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Ultraviolet Spectrograph (UVS) instrument on the Juno mission records far‐ultraviolet reflected sunlight from Jupiter. These spectra are sensitive to the abundances of chemical species in the upper atmosphere and to the distribution of the stratospheric haze layer. We combine observations from the first 30 perijoves of the mission in order to study the meridional distribution of acetylene (C2H2) in Jupiter's stratosphere. We find that the abundance of C2H2 decreases toward the poles by a factor of 2–4, in agreement with previous analyses of mid‐infrared spectra. This result is expected from insolation rates: near the equator, the UV solar flux is higher, allowing more C2H2 to be generated from the UV photolysis of CH4. The decrease in abundance toward the poles suggests that horizontal mixing rates are not rapid enough to homogenize the latitudinal distribution.
Large-scale protein level comparison of Deltaproteobacteria reveals cohesive metabolic groups
Authors: Langwig Marguerite V , De Anda Valerie , Dombrowski Nina , Seitz Kiley W , Rambo Ian M , Greening Chris , Teske Andreas P , Baker Brett J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Deltaproteobacteria, now proposed to be the phyla Desulfobacterota, Myxococcota, and SAR324, are ubiquitous in marine environments and play essential roles in global carbon, sulfur, and nutrient cycling. Despite their importance, our understanding of these bacteria is biased towards cultured organisms. Here we address this gap by compiling a genomic catalog of 1 792 genomes, including 402 newly reconstructed and characterized metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from coastal and deep-sea sediments. Phylogenomic analyses reveal that many of these novel MAGs are uncultured representatives of Myxococcota and Desulfobacterota that are understudied. To better characterize Deltaproteobacteria diversity, metabolism, and ecology, we clustered ~1 500 genomes based on the presence/absence patterns of their protein families. Protein content analysis coupled with large-scale metabolic reconstructions separates eight genomic clusters of Deltaproteobacteria with unique metabolic profiles. While these eight clusters largely correspond to phylogeny, there are exceptions where more distantly related organisms appear to have similar ecological roles and closely related organisms have distinct protein content. Our analyses have identified previously unrecognized roles in the cycling of methylamines and denitrification among uncultured Deltaproteobacteria. This new view of Deltaproteobacteria diversity expands our understanding of these dominant bacteria and highlights metabolic abilities across diverse taxa.
The integrated stress response is tumorigenic and constitutes a therapeutic liability in KRAS-driven lung cancer
Authors: Ghaddar Nour , Wang Shuo , Woodvine Bethany , Krishnamoorthy Jothilatha , van Hoef Vincent , Darini Cedric , Kazimierczak Urszula , Ah-son Nicolas , Popper Helmuth , Johnson Myriam , Officer Leah , Teodósio Ana , Broggini Massimo , Mann Koren K. , Hatzoglou Maria , Topisirovic Ivan , Larsson Ola , Le Quesne John , Koromilas Antonis E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe integrated stress response (ISR) is an essential stress-support pathway increasingly recognized as a determinant of tumorigenesis. Here we demonstrate that ISR is pivotal in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) development, the most common histological type of lung cancer and a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Increased phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF2 (p-eIF2α), the focal point of ISR, is related to invasiveness, increased growth, and poor outcome in 928 LUAD patients. Dissection of ISR mechanisms in KRAS-driven lung tumorigenesis in mice demonstrated that p-eIF2α causes the translational repression of dual specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6), resulting in increased phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK). Treatments with ISR inhibitors, including a memory-enhancing drug with limited toxicity, provides a suitable therapeutic option for KRAS-driven lung cancer insofar as they substantially reduce tumor growth and prolong mouse survival. Our data provide a rationale for the implementation of ISR-based regimens in LUAD treatment.
Stress-primed secretory autophagy promotes extracellular BDNF maturation by enhancing MMP9 secretion
Authors: Martinelli Silvia , Anderzhanova Elmira A. , Bajaj Thomas , Wiechmann Svenja , Dethloff Frederik , Weckmann Katja , Heinz Daniel E. , Ebert Tim , Hartmann Jakob , Geiger Thomas M. , Döngi Michael , Hafner Kathrin , Pöhlmann Max L. , Jollans Lee , Philipsen Alexandra , Schmidt Susanne V. , Schmidt Ulrike , Maccarrone Giuseppina , Stein Valentin , Hausch Felix , Turck Christoph W. , Schmidt Mathias V. , Gellner Anne-Kathrin , Kuster Bernhard , Gassen Nils C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe stress response is an essential mechanism for maintaining homeostasis, and its disruption is implicated in several psychiatric disorders. On the cellular level, stress activates, among other mechanisms, autophagy that regulates homeostasis through protein degradation and recycling. Secretory autophagy is a recently described pathway in which autophagosomes fuse with the plasma membrane rather than with lysosomes. Here, we demonstrate that glucocorticoid-mediated stress enhances secretory autophagy via the stress-responsive co-chaperone FK506-binding protein 51. We identify the matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) as one of the proteins secreted in response to stress. Using cellular assays and in vivo microdialysis, we further find that stress-enhanced MMP9 secretion increases the cleavage of pro-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (proBDNF) to its mature form (mBDNF). BDNF is essential for adult synaptic plasticity and its pathway is associated with major depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. These findings unravel a cellular stress adaptation mechanism that bears the potential of opening avenues for the understanding of the pathophysiology of stress-related disorders.
Toxin import through the antibiotic efflux channel TolC
Authors: Housden Nicholas G. , Webby Melissa N. , Lowe Edward D. , El-Baba Tarick J. , Kaminska Renata , Redfield Christina , Robinson Carol V. , Kleanthous Colin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBacteria often secrete diffusible protein toxins (bacteriocins) to kill bystander cells during interbacterial competition. Here, we use biochemical, biophysical and structural analyses to show how a bacteriocin exploits TolC, a major outer-membrane antibiotic efflux channel in Gram-negative bacteria, to transport itself across the outer membrane of target cells. Klebicin C (KlebC), a rRNase toxin produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae, binds TolC of a related species (K. quasipneumoniae) with high affinity through an N-terminal, elongated helical hairpin domain common amongst bacteriocins. The KlebC helical hairpin opens like a switchblade to bind TolC. A cryo-EM structure of this partially translocated state, at 3.1 Å resolution, reveals that KlebC associates along the length of the TolC channel. Thereafter, the unstructured N-terminus of KlebC protrudes beyond the TolC iris, presenting a TonB-box sequence to the periplasm. Association with proton-motive force-linked TonB in the inner membrane drives toxin import through the channel. Finally, we demonstrate that KlebC binding to TolC blocks drug efflux from bacteria. Our results indicate that TolC, in addition to its known role in antibiotic export, can function as a protein import channel for bacteriocins.
Management of gout in chronic kidney disease: a G-CAN Consensus Statement on the research priorities
Authors: Stamp Lisa K. , Farquhar Hamish , Pisaniello Huai Leng , Vargas-Santos Ana B. , Fisher Mark , Mount David B. , Choi Hyon K. , Terkeltaub Robert , Hill Catherine L. , Gaffo Angelo L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGout and chronic kidney disease (CKD) frequently coexist, but quality evidence to guide gout management in people with CKD is lacking. Use of urate-lowering therapy (ULT) in the context of advanced CKD varies greatly, and professional bodies have issued conflicting recommendations regarding the treatment of gout in people with concomitant CKD. As a result, confusion exists among medical professionals about the appropriate management of people with gout and CKD. This Consensus Statement from the Gout, Hyperuricemia and Crystal-Associated Disease Network (G-CAN) discusses the evidence and/or lack thereof for the management of gout in people with CKD and identifies key areas for research to address the challenges faced in the management of gout and CKD. These discussions, which address areas for research both in general as well as related to specific medications used to treat gout flares or as ULT, are supported by separately published G-CAN systematic literature reviews. This Consensus Statement is not intended as a guideline for the management of gout in CKD; rather, it analyses the available literature on the safety and efficacy of drugs used in gout management to identify important gaps in knowledge and associated areas for research.
An experimentally informed statistical elasto-plastic mineralised collagen fibre model at the micrometre and nanometre lengthscale
Authors: Groetsch Alexander , Zysset Philippe K. , Varga Peter , Pacureanu Alexandra , Peyrin Françoise , Wolfram Uwe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBone is an intriguingly complex material. It combines high strength, toughness and lightweight via an elaborate hierarchical structure. This structure results from a biologically driven self-assembly and self-organisation, and leads to different deformation mechanisms along the length scales. Characterising multiscale bone mechanics is fundamental to better understand these mechanisms including changes due to bone-related diseases. It also guides us in the design of new bio-inspired materials. A key-gap in understanding bone’s behaviour exists for its fundamental mechanical unit, the mineralised collagen fibre, a composite of organic collagen molecules and inorganic mineral nanocrystals. Here, we report an experimentally informed statistical elasto-plastic model to explain the fibre behaviour including the nanoscale interplay and load transfer with its main mechanical components. We utilise data from synchrotron nanoscale imaging, and combined micropillar compression and synchrotron X-ray scattering to develop the model. We see that a 10-15% micro- and nanomechanical heterogeneity in mechanical properties is essential to promote the ductile microscale behaviour preventing an abrupt overall failure even when individual fibrils have failed. We see that mineral particles take up 45% of strain compared to collagen molecules while interfibrillar shearing seems to enable the ductile post-yield behaviour. Our results suggest that a change in mineralisation and fibril-to-matrix interaction leads to different mechanical properties among mineralised tissues. Our model operates at crystalline-, molecular- and continuum-levels and sheds light on the micro- and nanoscale deformation of fibril-matrix reinforced composites.
The impacts of road traffic on urban air quality in Jinan based GWR and remote sensing
Authors: Wang Qi , Feng Haixia , Feng Haiying , Yu Yue , Li Jian , Ning Erwei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTraffic congestion and smog are hot topics in recent years. This study analyzes the impacts of road traffic characteristic parameters on urban air quality quantitatively based on aerosol optical thickness (AOD) and geographical weighted regression (GWR) models, including the road network density, road area occupancy, intersection number, and bus network density as main factors. There are some major research findings. Firstly, there exists a strong positive correlation between the peak congestion delay index (PCDI) and air quality, the correlation has R2 values of up to 0.4962 (R 0.70). Secondly, GWR refines the local spatial changes in the AOD and the road parameters, and the correlation R2 based GWR model all above 0.6. The correlation between AOD and the road area occupancy was the highest, and the correlations with the bus network density and the intersections number were higher than that with the road network density. Thus, bus route planning, bus emission reduction, road network planning, and signal timing (at intersections) have a greater impact on air quality than other policy, especially in areas with traffic jams. The results of this study could provide theoretical support for traffic planning and traffic control, and is promising in practice.