bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing the effect of ladies’ finger water with fenugreek seeds water on the blood glucose level among subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus-a randomized controlled trial
Authors: R. Radhika , M. Navaneetha , K. Ravichandran , P. Hemavathi 
Published: January 2021

<p><strong>Background: </strong>The primary aim of managing diabetes is to maintain blood glucose level to prevent diabetes induced complications. Studies showed that ladies finger and fenugreek seeds are blood sugar stabilizer. The objective of this randomized active controlled trial was to assess the effect of ladies finger water versus fenugreek seeds water on the blood glucose level among subject with type 2 diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Total of 180 study participants were selected and equally assigned to three groups by computer generated randomization. Group 1-received ladies finger water and oral antidiabetic drug (OAD); group 2-received fenugreek seeds water and OAD; group 3-received only OAD for 15 days. Pre and post intervention fasting blood sugar (FBS) was assessed by accu-chek Performa glucometer. Wilcoxon signed rank test; one-way analysis of covariance followed by post hoc test with Bon-ferroni correction was done.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis was done based on 168 subjects. There was a significant reduction in FBS level with the mean difference of group 1-21.0 mg/dl (p&lt;0.001), group 2-20.3 mg/dl (p&lt;0.001) and group 3-4.7 mg/dl (p=0.068). No significant difference found between group 1 and group 2 (p=1.00), but significant difference found between group 1 and group 3 (p=0.032); group 2 and group 3 (p=0.012). Both ladies finger water and fenugreek seeds water were superior in reduction of FBS than OAD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ladies finger water or fenugreek seeds water can be used as adjunct along with OAD to control type 2 diabetes mellitus.</p><p><strong> </strong></p>
Clinical trials of anticoagulation in COVID-19: a systematic review
Authors: Tracey Olivia , Ramaswamy Srinath , Levine Steven R. 
Published: January 2021

<p class="abstract">A high prevalence of thrombotic events is observed in coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19). Optimal anticoagulation becomes a critical part of treatment and higher-dose prophylactic anticoagulation is being practiced. Prospective evidence to confirm the safety and efficacy of these regimens is lacking. We performed a systematic review of existing studies of anticoagulation in COVID-19. The ClinicalTrials.gov registry, the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), and the EU Clinical Trials Register (EudraCT) were searched from inception to September 1, 2020. PRISMA guidelines were followed. Qualitative and quantitative analysis were performed. We identified 36 clinical studies involving anticoagulation in COVID-19. Most common study location was the United States (n=12, 33%). Thirty studies were randomized-controlled (83%) of which 22 were open-label. Median sample size was 309 (IQR 139-952) and study duration was 233 days (IQR 174-357). Most common study setting was critical and non-critical care (n=21, 58%). Most common single primary outcome was all-cause mortality (n=15, 42%) but thrombotic events represent the overall most common primary outcome (n=28, 77%). Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) was the most common agent studied (n=25, 69%) followed by unfractionated heparin (UFH) (n=14, 38.8%) and factor Xa antagonists (n=8, 22.2%). Therapeutic-intensity prophylaxis was the most common dosage regimen studied in comparison to routine thromboprophylaxis dose in 76% and 86% of studies with LMWH and UFH respectively. Five studies (14%) used intermediate-dose prophylaxis. Bleeding is studied as an outcome variable in 19 studies (53%). Our review identifies studies of anticoagulation in COVID-19 and the pharmacological agents used, dosage intensities, and the outcomes analyzed.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: diagnosis, management and challenges in clinical trials: an Indian perspective
Authors: Ang Ena Lyn R. , Sison Ma Cecilia M. , Ghaisas Saket M. , Cama Rashna C. 
Published: January 2021

<p class="abstract">Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), its progressive form, is rapidly becoming the leading cause of end-stage liver disease and liver transplantation. There is a huge unmet need in the management of NAFLD and NASH. The key challenge is that NAFLD/NASH remains to be an under recognized disease despite its increasing prevalence, and early diagnosis is crucial to reduce the risk of progression and its consequent complications. In India, cases of NAFLD/NASH may go undetected due to lack of awareness and absence of a structured patient referral pathway. Efforts to increase patient and physician awareness along with standardization of local management guidelines for NAFLD and NASH can help improve patient care in India. Another major concern is the lack of approved NASH therapy; in order to address this issue, there has been a global surge in clinical trials. However, many countries, including India, have encountered challenges in the conduct of these trials related to patient recruitment and retention, lack of validated less invasive diagnostic tests, and the effect of placebo response on trial outcomes. Measures to improve the NAFLD and NASH clinical trial environment can help accelerate the approval and availability of better treatment options for NASH.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Assessment of maternal risk factors associated with low birth weight neonates at a tertiary hospital, Nalgonda
Authors: Reddy V. Mounika , Tanneru Shreya , Thomas Suresh R. J. 
Published: January 2021

Background: Low birth weight continues to be the major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Birthweight and gestational age are important factors for survival, growth, and overall development of the child. In India, the prevalence of low birthweight has decreased from 20.4% to 16.5% in last decade.1 Although the prevalence of LBW neonates in India has declined over past decade, the extent of decline is only modest. Therefore, there is still need for the study of modifiable risk factors associated with low birth weight. The objective of the study was to identify the maternal risk factors associated with low birth weight in the babies admitted to Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpally. Methods: A hospital based observational study was carried out in Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences among 91 mother/newborn pairs using interviewer administered questionnaire.Results: This study revealed that 29.67% infants were born low birth weight. The risk of LBW was higher among mothers of age<20 years (16.48%) and BMI<18.5 kg/m2 (17.58%). Mothers who are anemic (21.98%) and suffering from chronic maternal illness (15.38%) were at high risk of giving birth to low birth weight baby. The likelihood of giving LBW baby was higher among multiparous (18.68%) than primiparous women. Conclusions: The prevalence of low birth weight was found to be very high and it was associated with many risk factors related to maternal health. Hence it is recommended to improve maternal health through strengthening the existing maternal services at the basic level of community.
The association between iron deficiency anemia and febrile seizures
Authors: Kalmani Mallikarjun , Basavaraj . , Sanikam Hareesh , K. Pushpalatha , S. Uday Kumar 
Published: January 2021

Background: Febrile seizures are seizures that occur in children between 6 months and 60 months of age , with body temperature of 38ºC or higher not resulting from Central Nervous System (CNS) infection or any metabolic imbalance without any prior afebrile seizures. Among many risk factors identified for febrile seizures, iron deficiency is hypothesized to be one of the risk factor for occurrence of febrile seizures.Methods: A total of 100 children aged between 6 months to 5 years were included in the present study and were further divided into 2 groups of 50 each, as cases and controls. Control group consisted of age and gender matched children admitted with acute febrile illness without seizures. A detailed history was taken and clinical examination was done in both cases and controls with particular attention to development delay and family history of seizure. Complete haemogram, iron profile and other appropriate investigations were done in both the groups and results were compared.Results: The mean age of onset of febrile seizures was 32 months. There was slightly male predominance, with male: female ratio of 1.27:1. Majority of children with febrile seizures were found to have iron deficiency anemia as opposed to children in control group which was statistically significant. (76% vs 28%), p-value<0.001. All the indices of iron deficiency anemia, like haemoglobin, MCV, MCH, serum iron, serum ferritin were low in febrile seizures group compared to control group. The difference was found to be statistically significant (p-value<0.001).Conclusions: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) was more frequent among children with febrile seizures. The result suggests that IDA may be a risk factor for febrile seizures. Early detection and timely correction of iron deficiency may be of help for prevention of recurrence of febrile seizures in children of this age group.
The role of cardiovascular assessment in low risk thyroid neoplasm patients: results from a tertiary care center experience
Authors: Gay Stefano , Comina Martina , Teliti Marsida , Monti Eleonora , Albertelli Manuela , Porto Italo , Rosa Gian Marco , Bottiglieri Livio , Giusti Massimo , Ferone Diego 
Published: January 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> After surgery, clinical approach to thyroid neoplasms often involves TSH suppression. An increased cardiovascular (CV) risk due to thyroid hormones excess has already been proved. Aim of the study was to evaluate the role of CV assessment in preventing new events and optimizing the follow-up of these patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> After thyroidectomy for low risk thyroid neoplasms, a cohort of 108 women was retrospectively evaluated. A first examination (V1) at the end of primary treatments and a second one (V2) five years later were considered. Clinical and echocardiographic evaluations were performed in each examination. Patients were divided into 3 subclasses depending on TSH-suppression degree in the study period. New cardiovascular events, initiation of new therapies and cardiovascular deaths were recorded. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The incidence of CV events was 7,4%. Patients age (p=0.032), previous CV events (p=0.001), use of lipid-lowering (p=0.002) and antiplatelet (p=0.027) drugs and diabetes mellitus (p=0,049) were associated with total CV events; interventricular septum thickness, BMI and tryglicerides value with ischaemic events (sensitivity 66,6%, 100%, 80%; specificity 91,1%, 55,1%, 77,2%, respectively; p&lt;0.001); TSH-suppression class with arrhythmic events (p=0.035); an increased left ventricular mass index ratio between V2 and V1 with both total (p=0.001) and ischaemic (p=0.002) CV events.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> After primary treatments for thyroid neoplasm, a complete CV assessment is advisable in defining TSH-suppression target. Ultrasound parameters appear useful in evaluating CV risk both at baseline and during the follow-up. A periodic revaluation of those parameters may allow the prevention or early diagnosis of new events and complications.</p>
Elucidative epidemiological study in female cancer patients
Authors: Pittala Manaswini , Tarannum Juveria , Ch Deekshitha , B. Pratap Reddy , Sunder A. Shyam 
Published: January 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> As cases of cancer in women are increasing day to day, it is mandatory to assess risk factors associated with female cancer patients. Our study is designed to elucidate different reproductive factors associated with female cancer patients attending hospital.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 200 female patients who attended the hospital with cancer are studied by asking questions directly to patients following a standard questionnaire regarding reproductive factors like age at menarche, age at first child birth, age at first sexual intercourse, breastfeeding, age at menopause. It was a Retrospective study analyzed via MS Excel calculations. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In this study it explains that in female cancer cases, mostly patients were seen having early menarche, also women were in menopause stage mostly, and mostly lactating mothers with breast feeding frequency up to 1-2 years are seen. It also explains that in female cancer cases, women mostly had young maternal age at first child, with carcinoma of cervix and carcinoma of breast reported mostly.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In this study we conclude that in females who have early menarche, women with early age at first sexual intercourse, age at first pregnancy, are strongly interrelated and have increased risk of carcinoma. The changes which result in relative risk of cancer associated with menopause are believed to be due to increase in body mass index (BMI), which makes adipose tissue the main site of estrogen production after menopause. Hence, identifying these factors which may be associated with the process of carcinogenesis development in females.</p>
Orange -Rind juice induced endothelialitis
Authors: G Pradeep Thanuja , Agrawal Pankhuri 
Published: January 2021

We report an unusual case of accidental splash of orange - rind juice in a 21 year old patient’s right eye leading to his complaints of redness, watering, photophobia and haze in the same eye within 24 hours.On examination patient had an uncorrected visual acuity of 6/60 with slit lamp evaluation showing right eye mild conjunctival congestion and central corneal oedema with a normal overlying epithelium. Anterior segment OCT revealed central stromal oedema with a central corneal thickness of 660µm. pH of the right eye was 6 which returned to 7 on thorough eye wash with normal saline.Patient was diagnosed with endothelial injury and started on topical steroid-prednisolone acetate 1% along with lubricating eye drops to which patient responded well. After 48 hours, slit lamp examination showed resolving stromal oedema with an improved uncorrected visual acuity of 6/18 in right eye.Ophthalmologists need to evaluate the plant juice induced keratitis and identify the corneal layer primarily affected. Treatment varies depending on the layer affected. Endothelial dysfunction responds to topical steroids and early recognition helps in prompt institution of treatment and thus restoring the endothelial function.
Interactions of Biochar Briquette with Ammonium Sulfate Fertilizer for Controlled Nitrogen Loss in Soybean Intercopping with Melaleuca cajuputi
Authors: Alam T. , Suryanto P. , Kastono D. , Putra E.T.S. , Handayani S. , Widyawan M.H. , Muttaqin A.S. , Kurniasih B. 
Published: January 2021

Background: Nutrient briquette and biochar are used to reduce nitrogen loss and improve soil fertility. This study aimed to evaluate the interaction of biochar briquette with ammonium sulfate fertilizer for controlled nitrogen loss in soybean intercropping with Melaleuca cajuputi. Methods: The study was conducted in the wet season from November to February 2020 at Menggoran Forest Resort, Playen Forest Section, Yogyakarta Forest Management District, Indonesia. The experiment was using a randomized complete block design factorial with three blocks as the response surface methodology. The treatments included different levels of biochar briquette from Melaleuca cajuputi waste (0, 2 and 4 grain plant-1 or 0, 5 and 10 tons ha-1) and nitrogen fertilizer supplied by ammonium sulfate (0, 50 and 100 kg ha-1) as independent variables. The observation parameters were nitrate reductase activity (NRA), total chlorophyll (TC), leaf photosynthesis rate (LPR), nitrogen loss (NL), nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and seed yield (SY). Result: The optimum values of 3.70 grain plant-1 or 9.25 tons ha-1 biochar briquette with 76.31 kg ha-1 ammonium sulfate fertilizer decreased NL by 38.25% and increased SY by 13.02% compared with single ammonium sulfate fertilizer.
A New Mechanistic Model for Emulsion Rheology and Boosting Pressure Prediction in Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESPs) under Oil-Water Two-Phase Flow
Authors: Zhu Jianjun , Zhao Hanjun , Cao Guangqiang , Banjar Hattan , Zhu Haiwen , Peng Jianlin , Zhang Hong-Quan 
Published: January 2021

Summary
As the second most widely used artificial lift method in the petroleum industry, electrical submersible pumps (ESPs) maintain or increase flow rates by converting the kinetic energy to hydraulic pressure. As oilfields age, water is invariably produced with crude oil. The increase of water cut generates oil-water emulsions due to the high-shearing effects inside a rotating ESP. Emulsions can be stabilized by natural surfactants or fine solids existing in the reservoir fluids. The formation of emulsions during oil production creates a high viscous mixture, resulting in costly problems and flow assurance issues, such as increasing pressure drop and reducing production rates. This paper, for the first time, proposes a new rheology model to predict the oil-water emulsion effective viscosities and establishes a link of fluid rheology and its effect with the stage pressure increment of ESPs.
Based on Brinkman's (1952) correlation, a new rheology model, accounting for ESP rotational speed, stage number, fluid properties, and so on, is developed, which can also predict the phase inversion in oil-water emulsions. For the new mechanistic model to calculate ESP boosting pressure, a conceptual best-match flow rate (QBM) is introduced. QBM corresponds to the flow rate whose direction at the ESP impeller outlet matches the designed flow direction. Induced by the liquid flow rates changing, various pressure losses can be derived from QBM, including recirculation losses, and losses due to friction, leakage, sudden change of flow directions, and so on. Incorporating the new rheology model into the mechanistic model, the ESP boosting pressure under oil-water emulsion flow can be calculated.
To validate the proposed model, the experimental data from two different types of ESPs were compared with the model predictions in terms of ESP boosting pressure. Under both high-viscosity single-phase fluid flow and oil-water emulsion flow, the model predicted ESP pressure increment matches the experimental measurements well. From medium to high flow rates with varying oil viscosities and water cuts, the prediction error is less than 15%.
Complete Simulation and Fault Diagnosis of Sucker-Rod Pumping (includes associated comment)
Authors: Bin Zhang , Xianwen Gao , Xiangyu Li 
Published: January 2021

Summary
In this paper, we study the simulation and fault diagnosis of a conventional pumping unit under balanced conditions. As the energy input of sucker-rod pumping (SRP), the motor power contains abundant information about the whole pumping cycle under SRP. It is an important step in oilfield information construction to establish a computer-aided system that is based on motor power diagnosis. Hence, we propose an SRP simulation model for generating motor power. By analyzing the working conditions of six oil wells that contain normal or insufficient liquid supply, gas lock, traveling valve leakage, standing valve leakage, and parting rod, we simulate the motor power of the six wells. In addition, we verify the simulation model using a test well with favorable performance and establish the motor power template set (MPTS) using this simulation model. To allow for computer-aided diagnosis, we propose the use of the area proportion method to extract motor power features. We establish a diagnosis model of oilwell conditions that is based on oblique decision tree and train the diagnosis model using the MPTS. Through the verification of six oil wells in the actual production of the oil field, the diagnosis model shows a favorable response. The test results show that the methods of establishing MPTS and oilwell working-condition diagnosis are feasible.
Innovative Method in Digitizing a Web-based OSCE Evaluation System for Medical Students: A University Hospital Experience.
Authors: Yousef Abdullah , Awary Bassam , AlQurashi Faisal , Albuali Waleed , Al-Qahtani Mohammad , Husain Syed , Sharif Omair 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is a standard academic assessment tool in the field of medical education. This study aimed to present an innovative method for digitizing a computerized web-based Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) evaluation system for medical students and explore its efficacy compared to the traditional paper-based system, through the analysis of a User Satisfaction Survey.Method: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study involving a User Satisfaction Survey to test assessors’ attitudes to and acceptance of the new Computerized Web-based OSCE Evaluation System (COES) was used. Fifth-year medical students in the College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia were assessed clinically through their 2019 end-of-year OSCE examination by 30 examiners in five different OSCE stations. The traditional paper-based stations were converted into an online electronic version using QuestionPro software. Answers were filled using smart tablets (iPads). QR codes were used for students’ identification at each station to fully digitize the process and save time. After the completion of the exam, a User Satisfaction Survey was sent electronically to all examiners to evaluate their experiences with the new system.Results: The response rate for the survey was 100% with an internal consistency of 0.83. Almost all the examiners (29, 97%) were satisfied with the application of the new OSCE electronic system. Further, 72% of the examiners indicated that the new electronic system facilitated the evaluation of the students’ skills, and 84% found using a smart device (iPad) was easier than using a paper form. All examiners expressed their preference for using the new electronic system in the future.Conclusion: Users were satisfied with the utilization of the new customized COES. This concept of fully digitizing the OSCE assessment process shortened the time needed for both the analysis of results and providing students with feedback. Further observational studies are needed to assess examiners’ behaviors when using this new methodology.