bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glomerular Hyperfiltration Interacts With Abnormal Metabolism to Enhance Arterial Stiffness in Middle-Aged and Elderly People
Authors: Zhai Qi , Wen Jing , Wang Meiping , Zuo Yingting , Su Xin , Zhang Yibo , Gaisano Herbert , He Yan 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Glomerular hyperfiltration (GHF) is an early kidney injury. We investigated whether GHF is associated with arterial stiffness expressed by increase of brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and pulse pressure (PP), and whether the coexistence of GHF and abnormal metabolism increases the risk of arterial stiffness.Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 2,133 non-chronic kidney disease (CKD) participants aged ≥40 years were followed for a mean period of 3.3 years. The extent of arterial stiffness was expressed by measures of baPWV and PP. GHF was defined as eGFR exceeding the age- and sex-specific 90th percentile. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the association between GHF/abnormal metabolism and increased baPWV/PP. The interaction indexes of GHF and abnormal metabolism on arterial stiffness were calculated based on the OR in a multivariate logistic regression model.Results: GHF alone was not associated with increased baPWV or PP in all participants in this study. However, when GHF coexisted with abnormal metabolism, the risk of increased PP increased 3.23-fold [OR = 3.23(1.47–7.13)] compared with participants with normal filtration and normal metabolism, in which the interaction accounted for 55.1% of the total effect and 79.8% of the effect from GHF and abnormal metabolism. After subtracting the independent effects of GHF and abnormal metabolism, their combined effect still resulted in a 1.78-fold increase in PP.Conclusion: GHF could interact with abnormal metabolism to significantly enhance arterial stiffness. Since abnormal metabolism commonly exists in the general population, even slight changes in renal function should be distinguished to prevent arterial stiffness risk.
Living Conditions and Social Outcomes in Adults With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Pettersson Katina , Rodby-Bousquet Elisabet 
Published: October 2021

Objectives: To analyse the living conditions and social outcomes (housing, engagement in employment or higher education, access to personal assistance and having a partner) in adults with cerebral palsy (CP) relative to their age, sex, communication ability, and motor skills.Methods: Cross-sectional registry-based study of 1,888 adults (1,030 males/858 females) with CP in the Swedish CP follow-up programme, median age 25 years (range 16–78 y). Type of housing, occupation, access to personal assistance and having a partner were analysed relative to their age, sex, and the classification systems for Gross Motor Function (GMFCS) and Communication Function (CFCS). Binary logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) for independent living, competitive employment, and having a partner.Results: Most of the 25- to 29-year olds (55.6%) lived independently, increasing to 72.4% in 40- to 49-year olds, while the majority (91.3%) of those under 20 years lived with their parents. Independent living was almost equal in adults at GMFCS levels I (40.2%) and V (38.6%). This parity was explained by access to personal assistance, which increased with higher GMFCS and CFCS levels. Personal assistance of &gt;160 hours/week was associated with a high probability of independent living (OR 57). In the age span 20–64 years, 17.5% had competitive employment and 45.2% attended activity centres for people with intellectual disabilities. In the younger age group up to 24 years old, 36.9% went to mainstream/higher education and 20.5% went to special schools. In total, 13.4% had a partner and 7.8% lived together. Slightly more women than men had a partner, and most individuals were classified at CFCS level I.Conclusion: Only one in eight adults with CP has a partner, and one in six has competitive employment. Access to personal assistance is the single most important factor for independent living. It is vital to support adults with CP throughout their lifespan to achieve the best possible outcomes in all aspects of life.
The Association Between Lentiform Nucleus Function and Cognitive Impairments in Schizophrenia
Authors: Li Ping , Zhao Shu-Wan , Wu Xu-Sha , Zhang Ya-Juan , Song Lei , Wu Lin , Liu Xiao-Fan , Fu Yu-Fei , Wu Di , Wu Wen-Jun , Zhang Ya-Hong , Yin Hong , Cui Long-Biao , Guo Fan 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Cognitive decline is the core schizophrenia symptom, which is now well accepted. Holding a role in various aspects of cognition, lentiform nucleus (putamen and globus pallidus) dysfunction contributes to the psychopathology of this disease. However, the effects of lentiform nucleus function on cognitive impairments in schizophrenia are yet to be investigated.Objectives: We aim to detect the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) alterations in patients with schizophrenia, and examine how their behavior correlates in relation to the cognitive impairments of the patients.Methods: All participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cognitive assessment (digit span and digit symbol coding tests). Screening of brain regions with significant changes in fALFF values was based on analysis of the whole brain. The data were analyzed between Jun 2020 and Mar 2021. There were no interventions beyond the routine therapy determined by their clinicians on the basis of standard clinical practice.Results: There were 136 patients (75 men and 61 women, 24.1 ± 7.4 years old) and 146 healthy controls (82 men and 64 women, 24.2 ± 5.2 years old) involved in the experiments seriatim. Patients with schizophrenia exhibited decreased raw scores in cognitive tests (p &lt; 0.001) and increased fALFF in the bilateral lentiform nuclei (left: 67 voxels; x = −24, y = −6, z = 3; peak t-value = 6.90; right: 16 voxels; x = 18, y = 0, z = 3; peak t-value = 6.36). The fALFF values in the bilateral lentiform nuclei were positively correlated with digit span-backward test scores (left: r = 0.193, p = 0.027; right: r = 0.190, p = 0.030), and the right lentiform nucleus was positively correlated with digit symbol coding scores (r = 0.209, p = 0.016).Conclusion: This study demonstrates that cognitive impairments in schizophrenia are associated with lentiform nucleus function as revealed by MRI, involving working memory and processing speed.
Application of OXITEST for Prediction of Shelf-Lives of Selected Cold-Pressed Oils
Authors: Tsao Chieh-Hsi , Chang Chih-Wei , Ho Yu-Chi , Chuang Yung-Kun , Lee Wei-Ju 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Due to the enhanced awareness of consumers concerning healthy foods, homemade expeller-pressed oils have become popular worldwide. However, an extended storage period may lead to oxidization of the oil and exposure to hazardous byproducts by consumers.Methods: In this study, 10 pressed oil samples prepared from common oilseeds using a small-scale expeller oil press were analyzed by OXITEST with a sample amount of 5 g of oil and an oxygen pressure of 800 kPa under accelerated conditions for shelf-life projections. The oil properties were investigated, including the recovery, smoke point, acid value, iodine value, “fatty acid composition, and contents of pigments and tocopherols”.Results: The autoxidation reaction of various expeller-pressed oils under an accelerated testing system followed zero-order Arrhenius kinetics (R2 &gt; 0.99). Shelf-lives of the pressed oils at 25°C were estimated by extrapolation to range 105~1,089 days. The obtained shelf-lives were significantly correlated with log induction period (IP) values (r &gt; 0.81, p &lt; 0.05) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) (r &lt; −0.69, p &lt; 0.05), but not with the iodine value, acid value, or smoke point. Scatter diagrams between shelf-lives and UFAs suggested that these pressed oils could be grouped by two linear regression curves (r &gt; 0.98, p &lt; 0.05). The predictive equations using multiple linear regression are presented herein, with predictor variables of UFAs and an unspecified item involving potential influencing factors such as tocopherol contents (r &gt; 0.88, p &lt; 0.05).Conclusions: Our findings first revealed that the UFA portion was partially correlated with the shelf-lives of selected expeller-pressed seed oils as estimated by the OXITEST. The derived equations can be applied for shelf-life predictions of expeller-pressed oils stored under dark ambient conditions based on the fatty acid profile.
Association Between Traditional Herbal Diet and Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study in Southern China
Authors: Lyu Yun-Hong , Lin Chu-Yang , Xie Shang-Hang , Li Tong , Liu Qing , Ling Wei , Lu Yu-Qiang , Cao Su-Mei , Lin Ai-Hua 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionProspective evidence for herbal diet and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) development is absent. We therefore evaluated the associations of herbal soup and herbal tea with NPC in a prospective cohort study in southern China.MethodsBased on an NPC screening cohort established in 2008–2015, information on herbal diet consumption, potential confounding factors, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibody levels were collected from 10,179 individuals aged 30–69 years in Sihui city, southern China. Cox regression models were performed to examine herbal diet with NPC risk, and logistic regression models were used to examine herbal diet with EBV reactivation.ResultsDuring a median of 7.54 years of follow-up, 69 participants developed NPC. Herbal soup consumption was associated with decreased NPC risk, with HRs of 0.31 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.15–0.62) for the highest intake frequency and 0.29 (95% CI: 0.16–0.51) for a longer duration. However, herbal tea was not significantly associated. Moreover, we identified herbal soup was inversely associated with EBV seropositivity among all the participants at baseline, with the adjusted ORs being 0.78 (95% CI: 0.65–0.93) for immunoglobulin A antibodies against EBV capsid antigens (VCA-IgA) and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.64–0.91) for nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1-IgA) in those with the highest frequency and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.59–0.84) for VCA-IgA and 0.64 (95% CI: 0.54–0.77) for EBNA1-IgA in those with the longer duration. Inverse associations were also observed in non-NPC individuals.ConclusionsWith inhibition of EBV reactivation by plants, herbal soup could significantly decrease the risk of NPC in endemic areas.
Safety Profile of Oxaliplatin in 3,687 Patients With Cancer in China: A Post-Marketing Surveillance Study
Authors: Yu Zaoqin , Huang Rui , Zhao Li , Wang Ximin , Shangguan Xiaofang , Li Wei , Li Min , Yin Xianguo , Zhang Chengliang , Liu Dong 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundOxaliplatin (OXA), a third-generation platinum derivative, has become one of the main chemotherapeutic drugs for colorectal cancer and other cancers, but reports of adverse reactions are also increasing with the extensive application of OXA. In this study, post-marketing surveillance was carried out to investigate the safety profile of OXA in a real-world setting in Chinese cancer patients to provide a reference for the rational application of OXA.MethodsAll patients with cancer who received OXA-based chemotherapy in 10 tertiary hospitals in Hubei Province, China, between May 2016 and November 2016 were enrolled. A central registration method was used to document patients’ demographics, clinical use, and any incidence of adverse reactions to OXA. All adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were collected and analyzed to assess causality, severity, treatment, and outcome.ResultsIn total, 3687 patients were enrolled in this study. Approximately 64.6% of the patients were male, and 68.8% were aged 50-70 years, with a mean age of 55.3 years. The proportions of patients diagnosed with colorectal and gastric cancers were 59.3% and 31.6%, respectively. In this study, the overall incidence of ADRs and serious ADRs was 42.7% and 1.3%, respectively. The most common ADRs were gastrointestinal disorders (25.7%), blood disorders (21.1%), and peripheral nervous system disorders (8.0%). The serious ADRs identified were hypersensitivity reactions, thrombocytopenia, abnormal hepatic function, and leukopenia/neutropenia. The median onset of gastrointestinal toxicity, myelosuppression, peripheral neurotoxicity, and abnormal hepatic function was 1 d, 5 d, 1 d, and 14 d, respectively. The majority (84.7%) of hypersensitivity reactions were mild to moderate, and the median time to onset of these reactions was within the first 20 min of OXA infusion. Almost 88.0% of patients who experienced ADRs recovered or improved with treatment.ConclusionOur data suggest that OXA-induced ADRs are very common in Chinese patients with cancer; however, more attention should be paid to hypersensitivity reactions caused by OXA. This study provides a valuable reference regarding the safe application of OXA in a real-world setting.
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Young Children Born to HIV-Infected Mothers: A Pilot Study
Authors: McHenry Megan S. , Oyungu Eren , Yang Ziyi , Ombitsa Ananda R. , Cherop Cleophas , Vreeman Rachel C. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Over 15 million children who were exposed to HIV perinatally but uninfected (HEU) are alive globally, and they are faced with multiple risk factors for poor neurodevelopment. While children who are HIV-infected (HIV+) appear to have worse neurodevelopmental scores compared to children unexposed and uninfected with HIV (HUU), the evidence is mixed in children who are HEU. This small descriptive pilot study aimed to compare neurodevelopmental scores of children who are HIV+, HEU, and HUU in Kenya.Methods: This cross-sectional pilot study included children ages 18–36 months who were HIV+, HEU, or HUU. Neurodevelopment was assessed, along with sociodemographic, lab, and growth data. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, chi-squared, and adjusted linear regression models.Results: One hundred seventy two were included (n = 24 HIV+; n = 74 HEU; n = 74 HUU). Mothers of children who were HEU experienced more depressive symptoms (p &lt; 0.001). The only neurodevelopmental differences were found among groups was that children who were HIV+ had higher receptive language scores (p = 0.007). Lower height-for-age z-scores and being left home alone were associated with worse neurodevelopmental scores.Conclusions: Being stunted, left completely alone for at least an hour within the last week, and having higher sociodemographic status were associated with worse neurodevelopmental scores. The higher levels of depressive symptoms within mothers of children who are HEU warrants further investigation.
Progressive Protrusive Tongue Exercise Does Not Alter Aging Effects in Retrusive Tongue Muscles
Authors: Glass Tiffany J. , Figueroa Joanie E. , Russell John A. , Krekeler Brittany N. , Connor Nadine P. 
Published: October 2021

Purpose: Exercise-based treatment approaches for dysphagia may improve swallow function in part by inducing adaptive changes to muscles involved in swallowing and deglutition. We have previously shown that both aging and progressive resistance tongue exercise, in a rat model, can induce biological changes in the genioglossus (GG); a muscle that elevates and protrudes the tongue. However, the impacts of progressive resistance tongue exercise on the retrusive muscles (styloglossus, SG; hyoglossus, HG) of the tongue are unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a progressive resistance tongue exercise regimen on the retrusive tongue musculature in the context of aging. Given that aging alters retrusive tongue muscles to more slowly contracting fiber types, we hypothesized that these biological changes may be mitigated by tongue exercise.Methods: Hyoglossus (HG) and styloglossus (SG) muscles of male Fischer 344/Brown Norway rats were assayed in age groups of young (9 months old, n = 24), middle-aged (24 months old, n = 23), and old (32 months old, n = 26), after receiving an 8-week period of either progressive resistance protrusive tongue exercise, or sham exercise conditions. Following exercise, HG and SG tongue muscle contractile properties were assessed in vivo. HG and SG muscles were then isolated and assayed to determine myosin heavy chain isoform (MyHC) composition.Results: Both retrusive tongue muscle contractile properties and MyHC profiles of the HG and SG muscles were significantly impacted by age, but were not significantly impacted by tongue exercise. Old rats had significantly longer retrusive tongue contraction times and longer decay times than young rats. Additionally, HG and SG muscles showed significant MyHC profile changes with age, in that old groups had slower MyHC profiles as compared to young groups. However, the exercise condition did not induce significant effects in any of the biological outcome measures.Conclusion: In a rat model of protrusive tongue exercise, aging induced significant changes in retrusive tongue muscles, and these age-induced changes were unaffected by the tongue exercise regimen. Collectively, results are compatible with the interpretation that protrusive tongue exercise does not induce changes to retrusive tongue muscle function.
Democratic Citizenship-in-the-Making: Dis/Engagement Profiles of Portuguese Youth
Authors: Malafaia Carla , Ferreira Pedro D. , Menezes Isabel 
Published: October 2021

Coming to terms with the multidimensionsionality of civic and political engagement implies analyzing it in a comprehensive manner: not limited to conventional modes of expression, nor to dichotomic perspectives or observable acts of participation. Studies in this field tend to overlook cognitive and emotional dimensions as types of engagement which, alongside with behavior, constitute citizenship. In this article, we analyze data from the Portuguese sample of the CATCH-EyoU Project’s survey (1,007 young people aged between 14 and 30 years old). The main result is the identification of four distinct profiles according to behavioral, emotional and cognitive forms of engagement: Alienated, Passive, Disengaged and Engaged. These profiles are then examined to assess whether and how they differ in terms of: i) national and European identification, ii) relationships with alternative and traditional media, iii) democratic support, and iv) attitudes towards immigrants and refugees. The relationship between the different profiles and individual socio-demographic variables is also examined. We discuss how different dis/engagement profiles relate with socio-political dimensions and have different consequences both in terms of the political integration of young people and of the political challenges faced by democratic societies.
Transcription Regulator YgeK Affects the Virulence of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Tu Jian , Fu Dandan , Gu Yi , Shao Ying , Song Xiangjun , Xue Mei , Qi Kezong 
Published: October 2021

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the responsible pathogen for colibacillosis in poultry, and is a potential gene source for human extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli. Escherichia coli type III secretion system 2 (ETT2) is widely distributed in human and animal ExPEC isolates, and is crucial for the virulence of ExPEC. Transcriptional regulator YgeK, located in the ETT2 gene cluster, was identified as an important regulator of gene expression in enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC). However, the role of YgeK in APEC has not been reported. In this study, we performed amino acid alignment analysis of YgeK among different E. coli strains and generated ygeK mutant strain AE81ΔygeK from clinical APEC strain AE81. Flagellar formation, bacterial motility, serum sensitivity, adhesion, and virulence were all significantly reduced following the inactivation of YgeK in APEC. Then, we performed transcriptome sequencing to analyze the functional pathways involved in the biological processes. Results suggested that ETT2 transcriptional regulator YgeK plays a crucial role in APEC virulence. These findings thus contribute to our understanding of the function of the ETT2 cluster, and clarify the pathogenic mechanism of APEC.
Risk Factors of Cytomegalovirus Reactivation in Ulcerative Colitis Patients: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Qin Yafei , Wang Grace , Kong Dejun , Li Guangming , Wang Hongda , Qin Hong , Wang Hao 
Published: October 2021

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is associated with exacerbation of disease activity in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the risk factors for CMV reactivation in this population remain debatable. This meta-analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for CMV reactivation in UC patients. PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched from the inception of these databases to 31 August 2021, with the aim of identifying studies that investigated the risk factors of CMV reactivation in UC patients. A quality assessment of the included studies was performed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The publication bias was assessed respectively via a funnel plot and Egger’s regression asymmetry test. The robustness and reliability of each outcome were evaluated by sensitivity analysis. Twenty studies were included in the final meta-analysis, comprising a total of 2099 patients with UC. A significantly higher risk of CMV reactivation was observed in patients with severe UC (OR = 1.465, 95% CI: 1.107 to 1.939, p = 0.008), pancolitis (OR = 2.108, 95% CI: 1.586 to 2.800, p = 0.0001), older age of UC onset (MD = 6.212, 95% CI: 2.552 to 9.971, p = 0.001), as well as use of glucocorticoids (OR = 4.175, 95% CI: 3.076 to 5.666, p = 0.001), immunosuppressants (OR = 1.795, 95% CI: 1.289 to 2.501, p = 0.001), and azathioprine (OR = 1.444, 95% CI: 1.012 to 2.061, p = 0.043). However, infliximab treatment was observed not to increase the occurrence of CMV reactivation in patients who suffered from UC. In contrast, 5-aminosalicylic acid (OR = 0.674, 95% CI: 0.492 to 0.924, p = 0.014) was associated with a lower risk of CMV reactivation. Patients with UC should be closely monitored for risk factors of CMV reactivation in order to provide timely diagnosis and antiviral treatment.
La civitas Tungrorum, le pes Drusianus et le statut foncier des terres conquises
Authors: Raepsaet Georges 
Published: October 2021

The territories conquested by Rome become propriety of Rome, enter in his dominium.
But which is the statute of the private owner, the manner by which he became the user of this ager occupatorius ? With the help of the Roman jurists and the gromatici we analyse the different forms and statutes of the provincial ground, also the categories of the cadastral survey. The civitas Tungrorum offers an interessant study case because it was constructed from different local tribes and imported external populations. The pes Drusianus mentioned by Hyginus was used to make easier the measurements with a common standard and to promote some cultural unity between different peoples which had to life together.