bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meeting the orphan: early relational trauma, synchronicity and the psychoid
Authors: Lagutina Lara 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper I attempt to show how deep engagement, which is gradually developed within the relational container, can facilitate access to the psychoid dimension of the unconscious characterized by a quality of interconnectedness. The resulting synchronistic experiences can support and strengthen this container as well as having profound re‐connecting impact on the people involved. With this in mind, I suggest that openness to this dimension can be very important in working with the issues of loss, abandonment, aloneness and mistrust in human connections – the symbolic domain of the orphan. Although none of the patients I describe in this paper were actual orphans, symbolically the orphan theme featured significantly in their processes, in that early relational trauma left them feeling profoundly alone and unable to trust human contact. For this reason, the most important yet difficult challenge of the work was to help them restore their sense of connectedness to themselves and to others. I consider the role of attunement and reverie as the basis for facilitating this openness and propose that such openness can be seen as a feature of the analytic attitude in its own right and that it constitutes a unique contribution of the Jungian approach to working with early trauma.
Archetypes and the ‘impoverished environment’ argument: a response to Goodwyn (2020)
Authors: Merchant John 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGoodwyn's (2020) paper ‘Archetypes and the “Impoverished Genome” argument: updates from evolutionary genetics’ continues the ongoing discussion forged in this Journal to do with the bio‐genetic, socio‐cultural and environmental underpinnings to archetypal experience. Goodwyn's central focus considers the way in which the genome and environment both contribute causally to the development of the collective unconscious across the lifespan, arguing that others in the debate have minimized the genome's contribution. This paper contrasts the research evidence Goodwyn outlines with contemporary gene‐environment coaction research within the psychological domain, concluding that the issue may be more one of emphasis by showing that both genome and environment are important in the activation of archetypal imagery. This highlights that ‘pre‐formationism’ (as some kind of automatic archetypal read‐out mechanism) and the idea of ‘autochthonous revival’ of archetypes are suspect concepts, and this needs to be taken into account in clinical work. Furthermore, the central issue as to which is causally more significant in generating archetypal imagery, the genome or the environment, will be examined. Illustrative examples of the importance of environmental input in activating archetypal imagery are presented from Jung's own life experience, alongside a contemporary case, as well as with an historical case of Jung's.
Time for space at the table: an African American ‐ Native American analyst‐in‐training’s first‐hand reflections. A call for the IAAP to publicly denounce (but not erase) the White supremacist writings of C.G. Jung
Authors: Carter Christopher J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article provides an African American‐Native American analyst‐in‐training’s first‐hand reflections on Jung’s firm depiction of Blacks of African descent and America’s First Nations People (the Red man) as inferior, through a theory of primitivity that unveils Jung’s belief in and support of White supremacy. With no intended disrespect or neglect intended toward America’s First Nations, this article focuses primarily on Jung’s apparent disdain for Blacks (the Negro). Utilizing writings from Frederick Douglass, W.E.B. Du Bois and Na’im Akbar, this article highlights ways in which Jung’s biases align with the White supremacist perspective of the Negro as a problem, detrimental to social order. The paper concludes with an Appendix which outlines a call to the International Association for Analytical Psychology (IAAP) to take corrective action and to publicly denounce those facets of Jung’s writings that diverge from the core of his theory and that promote toxic attitudes of bigotry, perhaps discouraging many people of colour from enrolling in analytic training.
Microbiota modulates gut immunity and promotes baculovirus infection in Helicoverpa armigera
Authors: Yuan Chuanfei , Xing Longsheng , Wang Manli , Hu Zhihong , Zou Zhen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBaculoviruses are natural enemies of agricultural and forest insect pests and play an important role in biological pest control. Oral infection by baculovirus in the insect midgut is necessary for establishing systemic infection and eventually killing the insect. Since the insect midgut continuously encounters microbiota, the gut microbiota could affect baculovirus infection. Here, we demonstrated that gut microbiota modulates immune responses and promotes baculovirus infection in the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera. After oral infection, numerous host immunity‐related genes including genes encoding Toll and immune deficiency (IMD) pathway components were upregulated in the midgut. Elimination of the gut microbiota significantly increased the resistance to viral infection in H. armigera. Quantitative real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and proteomic analysis showed that downregulation of the antiviral factor prophenoloxidase (PPO) could be mediated by microbiota during infection. It implied that midgut microbiota diminishes the expression of PPO to facilitate viral infection in H. armigera. Our findings revealed that the microbiota plays an important role in modulating the resistance of H. armigera to baculovirus infection, providing new insights in applying biopesticide.
Investigation on the biological activity of anthocyanins and polyphenols in blueberry
Authors: Yang Sen , Wang Chao , Li Xingyuan , Wu Caie , Liu Chen , Xue Zhaohui , Kou Xiaohong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBlueberry (Vaccinium spp.) is a fruit recognized in the world as healthy, and many of its active ingredients have important physiological functions. This study analyzed the antioxidant activity, antitumor activity, and immune function of anthocyanins and polyphenols extracted from blueberries. The crude extracts of anthocyanins and polyphenols were obtained from blueberries and then purified, and the extract exhibited excellent dose‐dependent antitumor activity and antioxidant activity in vivo and in vitro. The purified anthocyanins and polyphenol compounds showed higher antioxidant activity, whereas the crude extract had a better inhibitory effect on tumor proliferation than pure extract, and the blueberry anthocyanin and polyphenol crude product mixture showed a more powerful tumor suppressor, which may be the result of the synergistic effect of multiple compounds. The crude extracts were also more efficient at improving immune function, as reflected by measurements of change in body weight, thymus and spleen indices, macrophage phagocytosis, lymphocyte transformation capacity, superoxide dismutase activity, malondialdehyde content, and serum nitric oxide levels. These results indicate that blueberry anthocyanins and polyphenol extracts can improve immune function and reduce the metastasis and proliferation of cancer cells. This study reveals the functions of important active substances in blueberries and provides support for the development of functional health products and therapeutic drugs.Practical ApplicationWe compared the biological activity of crude and purified anthocyanins and polyphenol extracts from blueberries and tested their effects on improving immune function. This study contributes to a better understanding of the bioactivity of blueberry extracts and is valuable for further applications of blueberries in medicine.
Impact of sustainability and nutritional messaging on Italian consumers’ purchase intent of cereal bars made with brewery spent grains
Authors: Stelick Alina , Sogari Giovanni , Rodolfi Margherita , Dando Robin , Paciulli Maria 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis work focuses on the reuse of brewery spent grains (BSGs), the most abundant by‐product of the beer industry, today mainly used as animal feed. BSGs are rich in fibers and proteins as well as phenolic compounds, all of which are beneficial for human nutrition. Cereal bars containing 12% BSG were formulated and characterized instrumentally. Moreover, 159 panelists representative of young Italian consumers evaluated the bars in a central location test, along with a commercial cereal bar. Products were first evaluated blind, and then in an informed condition where additional product‐specific nutritional and sustainability information was revealed, thus the purchase intent was determined. While the control product outperformed the BSG bar in most of the hedonic and sensory measures, the BSG sample was perceived as “natural/made with natural ingredients” by a significantly higher number of panelists (49%) compared to the control (30%). Additionally, even in the lower performing formulation, a significant positive effect on purchase intent was observed when providing either nutrition (fiber content) or sustainability (use of upcycled ingredients) information. The acceptable price range for the BSG and the commercial bar was very similar, whereas the optimal pricing point for the BSG was lower than the control. For the BSG product, sustainability information had significantly higher impact on purchase intent than nutrition‐based information. Results highlight the importance of understanding consumer attitudes toward upcycling and the use of byproducts as ingredients in new food formulations.Practical ApplicationResults show how providing information on product nutrition and sustainability can increase purchase intent in the context of a cereal bar containing upcycled ingredients. The findings of this study can help food and consumer researchers to develop acceptable products that include BSG as an ingredient, potentially replacing other cereals in the recipe. The use of this brewery by‐product could add value to the beer supply chain and to the final product as well, being also aligned with the current market trend of sustainability and functional health benefits.
ANME‐1 archaea may drive methane accumulation and removal in estuarine sediments
Authors: Kevorkian Richard T. , Callahan Sean , Winstead Rachel , Lloyd Karen G. 
Published: January 2021

SummaryANME‐1 archaea subsist on the very low energy of anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM). Most marine sediments shift from net AOM in the sulfate methane transition zone (SMTZ) to methanogenesis in the methane zone (MZ) below it. In White Oak River estuarine sediments, ANME‐1 comprised 99.5% of 16S rRNA genes from amplicons and 100% of 16S rRNA genes from metagenomes of the Methanomicrobia in the SMTZ and 99.9% and 98.3%, respectively, in the MZ. Each of the 16 ANME‐1 OTUs (97% similarity) had peaks in the SMTZ that coincided with peaks of putative sulfate‐reducing bacteria Desulfatiglans sp. and SEEP‐SRB1. In the MZ, ANME‐1, but none of the putative sulfate‐reducing bacteria or cultured methanogens, increased with depth. Our meta‐analysis of public data showed only ANME‐1 expressed methanogenic genes during both net AOM and net methanogenesis in an enrichment culture. We conclude that ANME‐1 perform AOM in the SMTZ and methanogenesis in the MZ of White Oak River sediments. This metabolic flexibility may expand habitable zones in extraterrestrial environments, since it enables greater energy yields in a fluctuating energetic landscape.
A World after COVID‐19: Business as Usual, or Building Bolder and Better?
Authors: Erdelen Walter R. , Richardson Jacques G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe authors propose a holistic approach to life and living after the coronavirus crisis of 2020 has become history. Their method is to postulate studied reconsideration of the true needs of the human species, new know‐how for all, novel codes of behavior, and drastic change to how we treat nature. Their findings name humanity's ballooning population as problem Number One. Without reverting to former ways, we need to apply our imagination to sound demographic principles, accept modest economic growth, and create much better stewardship of nature. Stated in terms of the futurist, a Great Acceleration should give way to a process we might call the Great Deceleration of humanity's tempo of life and mode of action. Readers are encouraged to eschew all thought of continuing with ‘business as usual’. A purposeful limitation is the absence of all encouragement towards regrowth of wasteful manufacture and commerce. A systemic shift towards circular and green economies should be a key advance in all business revival. Another mode of being awaits; success of the encounter depends on humankind, not on theory.
Tegafur‐uracil‐induced pericardial effusion during adjuvant chemotherapy for resected lung adenocarcinoma: A case report
Authors: Kawamoto Nobutaka , Okita Riki , Hayashi Masataro , Okada Masanori , Inokawa Hidetoshi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn Japan, oral administration of tegafur‐uracil is recommended as postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for patients diagnosed with primary lung adenocarcinomas of >2 cm size and staged as IA, IB, and IIA. Reports on chemotherapy‐induced pericardial effusion are rare. Herein, we report a rare case of tegafur‐uracil‐induced pericardial effusion during postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for primary lung cancer. A 60‐year‐old man underwent left lower lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection for left lower lung adenocarcinoma. Lung cancer was staged as IB, and tegafur‐uracil was administered as postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy from 1 month after the surgery. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a pericardial effusion 5 months after the surgery. A malignant pericardial effusion was suspected, and tegafur‐uracil was discontinued. Pericardiocentesis could not be performed owing to a small amount of pericardial effusion. An 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/CT scan revealed no abnormal FDG uptake. During a short follow‐up period after discontinuation of tegafur‐uracil, a CT scan revealed a decrease in pericardial effusion, suggesting that the pericardial effusion was induced by tegafur‐uracil. Follow‐up of pericardial effusion is required while administering tegafur‐uracil. In cases of pericardial effusion without symptoms and no suspicious metastatic lesions in other organs, we should be concerned about tegafur‐uracil‐induced pericardial effusion.
A first pass, using pre‐history and contemporary history, at understanding why Australia and England have such different policies towards electronic nicotine delivery systems, 1970s–c. 2018
Authors: Berridge Virginia , Hall Wayne , Taylor Suzanne , Gartner Coral , Morphett Kylie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsThe United Kingdom and Australia have developed highly divergent policy responses to electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). To understand the historical origins of these differences, we describe the history of tobacco control in each country and the key roles played in setting ENDS policy in its early stages by public health regulations and policy networks, anti‐smoking organizations, ‘vaper’ activist networks and advocates of harm reduction policies towards injecting drug use.MethodsWe analysed key government reports, policy statements from public health bodies and non‐government organizations (e.g. cancer councils and medical organizations) on ENDS; submissions to an Australian parliamentary inquiry; media coverage of policy debates in medical journals; and the history of tobacco control policy in Australia and England. Key discourses about ENDS were identified for each country. These were compared across countries during a multi‐day face‐to‐face meeting, where consensus was reached on the key commonalities and divergences in historical approaches to nicotine policy. This paper focuses on England, as different policy responses were apparent in constituent countries of the United Kingdom, and Scotland in particular.ResultsPolicymakers in Australia and England differ markedly in the priority that they have given to using ENDS to promote smoking cessation or restricting smokers’ access to prevent uptake among young people. In understanding the origins of these divergent responses, we identified the following key differences between the two countries’ approaches to nicotine regulation: an influential scientific network that favoured nicotine harm reduction in the United Kingdom and the absence of such a network in Australia; the success of different types of health activism both in England and in Europe in opposing more restrictive policies; and the greater influence on policy in England of the field of illicit drug harm reduction.ConclusionsAn understanding of the different policy responses to electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) in England and Australia requires an appreciation of how actors within the different policy structures, scientific networks and activist organizations in each country and region have interpreted the evidence and the priority that policymakers have given to the competing goals of preventing adolescent uptake and encouraging smokers to use ENDS to quit smoking.
Coordination, framing and innovation: the political sophistication of public health advocates in Ireland
Authors: Lesch Matthew , McCambridge Jim 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsThis study explores the role of the public health advocacy coalition in alcohol policy development in Ireland. Compared with industry actors, much less is known about the membership, activities and influence of public health advocates in alcohol policymaking. To address this gap, this paper identifies several advocacy strategies, drawn from the advocacy coalition framework and other policy theories, and then analyses them in the context of recent Irish developments.MethodsThe study used theory‐building process‐tracing to construct a record of the public health advocacy coalition and its campaign to promote the Public Health (Alcohol) Act 2018 in Ireland. Specifically, we drew upon 131 primary documents produced by advocates, 464 newspaper articles and 18 semi‐structured interviews with key advocates, public health experts and elected officials to undertake a thematic analysis.ResultsPublic health advocates in Ireland have developed sophisticated political strategies to foster major alcohol policy change. First, public health advocates led the formation of a broad‐based advocacy coalition that helped members to effectively pool their limited resources as well as coordinate their strategy and messaging. Secondly, issue‐framing and message discipline played a key role in the coalition's success. Advocates strategically focused upon the policy problem, specifically health harms, rather than the detailed content of the proposed measures. Finally, there is evidence of political learning, where advocates’ prior experiences and knowledge of the political system in Ireland spurred innovations in campaigning. These strategies were interdependent and mutually reinforcing, and succeeded in building support for public health advocates’ preferred policies among politicians and the general public.Discussion/conclusionThere are distinct capabilities that public health actors can mobilize in the policy process to win alcohol policy debates and capitalize on the constraints on industry influence on alcohol policymaking.
Effects of cannabis use on alcohol consumption in a sample of treatment‐engaged heavy drinkers in Colorado
Authors: Karoly Hollis C. , Ross J. Megan , Prince Mark A. , Zabelski Alexandra E. , Hutchison Kent E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsCannabis is commonly used among people who drink alcohol, but evidence suggests a nuanced relationship between alcohol consumption and cannabis use. In particular, among individuals undergoing alcohol treatment the impact of cannabis on alcohol intake may depend upon cannabis use frequency. We aimed to test the effects of within‐day cannabis use on total drinks consumed and likelihood of binge drinking on a given day among all participants and compare these relationships between males and females and between individuals who reported infrequent and frequent cannabis use.DesignThis observational study is a substudy of a larger randomized controlled trial (RCT). Individuals were included from the RCT if they reported any cannabis use and were divided into groups based on cannabis use patterns. Alcohol use was compared within and between groups.SettingIndividuals were recruited from 2016 to 2020 from community and university settings in Denver and Boulder, CO, USA.ParticipantsOf the 182 individuals enrolled in the RCT, 96 cannabis‐using subjects were included in these analyses.MeasurementsSubjects completed a time‐line follow‐back (TLFB) at baseline, 4, 8 (end of treatment) and 20 weeks. Daily data on alcohol and cannabis use from the TLFB at all time‐points were analyzed.FindingsAcross the sample (n = 96), individuals drank approximately 29% fewer drinks [95% confidence interval (CI) = 18–39%, P < 0.001] and were 2.06 times (95% CI =1.37–3.08, P < 0.001) less likely to have a binge‐drinking episode on days that cannabis was used compared with days that cannabis was not used. These patterns were observed in males, females and the infrequent and frequent cannabis use groups. Findings were inconclusive regarding differences in the association between cannabis use and alcohol outcomes when comparing males and females and when comparing infrequent and frequent cannabis use groups.ConclusionsHeavy drinkers engaged in treatment to reduce their alcohol consumption who also use cannabis appear to increase their cannabis use on days when they reduce their alcohol consumption.
Reduced current density, partially rescued by mexiletine, and depolarizing shift in activation of SCN5A W374G channels as a cause of severe form of Brugada syndrome
Authors: Nakajima Tadashi , Dharmawan Tommy , Kawabata‐Iwakawa Reika , Tamura Shuntaro , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Kobari Takashi , Ota Masaki , Tange Shoichi , Nishiyama Masahiko , Kaneko Yoshiaki , Kurabayashi Masahiko 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundSCN5A‐related Brugada syndrome (BrS) can be caused by multiple mechanisms including trafficking defects and altered channel gating properties. Most SCN5A mutations at pore region cause trafficking defects, and some of them can be rescued by mexiletine (MEX).ObjectiveWe recently encountered symptomatic siblings with BrS and sought to identify a responsible mutation and reveal its biophysical defects.MethodsTarget panel sequencing was performed. Wild‐type (WT) or identified mutant SCN5A was transfected into tsA201 cells. After incubation of transfected cells with or without 0.1 mM MEX for 24–36 hr, whole‐cell sodium currents (INa) were recorded using patch‐clamp techniques.ResultsThe proband was 29‐year‐old male who experienced cardiopulmonary arrest. Later, his 36‐year‐old sister, who had been suffering from recurrent episodes of syncope since 12 years, was diagnosed with BrS. An SCN5A W374G mutation, located at pore region of domain 1 (D1 pore), was identified in both. The peak density of W374G‐INa was markedly reduced (WT: 521 ± 38 pA/pF, W374G: 60 ± 10 pA/pF, p < .01), and steady‐state activation (SSA) was shifted to depolarizing potentials compared with WT‐INa (V1/2‐WT: −39.1 ± 0.8 mV, W374G: −30.9 ± 1.1 mV, p < .01). Incubation of W374G‐transfected cells with MEX (W374G‐MEX) increased INa density, but it was still reduced compared with WT‐INa (W374G‐MEX: 174 ± 19 pA/pF, p < .01 versus W374G, p < .01 versus WT). The SSA of W374G‐MEX‐INa was comparable to W374G‐INa (V1/2‐W374G‐MEX: −31.6 ± 0.7 mV, P = NS).ConclusionsReduced current density, possibly due to a trafficking defect, and depolarizing shift in activation of SCN5A W374G are underlying biophysical defects in this severe form of BrS. Trafficking defects of SCN5A mutations at D1 pore may be commonly rescued by MEX.