bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling for the study of thermophysical properties of metallic nanoparticles
Authors: Jaiswal Ratan Lal , Pandey Brijesh Kumar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSuccessful description and explanation of thermophysical properties at the nano level is a task of great challenge even yet today. Although great effort has been made by pioneer workers and scientists in this field but still the exact model for the prediction and explanation of these properties is lagging. In the current work, we have proposed a new model to calculate the thermophysical properties like specific heat, melting enthalpy, and melting entropy of nanomaterials, which are calculated with the help of a cohesive energy model including shape effect in addition to structure of materials at the nano level. The relaxation factor due to the dangling bond at the surface of nanoparticles is taken under consideration. The obtained results using this model is fully consistent with the available experimental findings for the above said thermophysical properties for silver (Ag), copper (Cu), Palladium (Pd), Aluminium (Al), and Indium (In). This encouraging idea has also been used to predict the nature of variation of above mentioned important thermodynamic properties of other materials at their nano level.
Load-Sharing Reliability Models with Different Component Sensitivities to Other Components’ Working States
Authors: Rychlik Tomasz , Spizzichino Fabio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe study the distributions of component and system lifetimes under the time-homogeneous load-sharing model, where the multivariate conditional hazard rates of working components depend only on the set of failed components, and not on their failure moments or the time elapsed from the start of system operation. Then we analyze its time-heterogeneous extension, in which the distributions of consecutive failure times, single component lifetimes, and system lifetimes coincide with mixtures of distributions of generalized order statistics. Finally we focus on some specific forms of the time-nonhomogeneous load-sharing model.
Can Coherent Predictions be Contradictory?
Authors: Burdzy Krzysztof , Pal Soumik 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe prove the sharp bound for the probability that two experts who have access to different information, represented by different $\sigma$-fields, will give radically different estimates of the probability of an event. This is relevant when one combines predictions from various experts in a common probability space to obtain an aggregated forecast. The optimizer for the bound is explicitly described. This paper was originally titled ‘Contradictory predictions’.
Normal approximation for mixtures of normal distributions and the evolution of phenotypic traits
Authors: Bartoszek Krzysztof , Erhardsson Torkel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractExplicit bounds are given for the Kolmogorov and Wasserstein distances between a mixture of normal distributions, by which we mean that the conditional distribution given some$\sigma$-algebra is normal, and a normal distribution with properly chosen parameter values. The bounds depend only on the first two moments of the first two conditional moments given the$\sigma$-algebra. The proof is based on Stein’s method. As an application, we consider the Yule–Ornstein–Uhlenbeck model, used in the field of phylogenetic comparative methods. We obtain bounds for both distances between the distribution of the average value of a phenotypic trait overnrelated species, and a normal distribution. The bounds imply and extend earlier limit theorems by Bartoszek and Sagitov.
Surge Capacity Crisis and Mitigation Plan in Trauma Setting Based on Real-Time National Trauma Registry Data
Authors: Al-Thani Hassan , Frazier Tim , Hertelendy Attila J , Asim Mohammad , El-Menyar Ayman 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground:The objective of this study was to assess the current breaking point of crisis surge capacity of trauma services in Qatar and to develop a mitigation plan.Methods:The study utilized real-time data from the National Trauma Registry. Data was explored cumulatively by weeks, months and a year’s interval and all trauma admissions within this time frame were considered as 1 ‘Disaster Incident.’Results:A total of 2479 trauma patients were included in the study over 1 year. The mean age of patients was 31.5 ± 15.9 and 84% were males. The number of patients who sustained severe trauma which necessitated Level 1 activation was 16%. The emergency medical services (EMS) surge attained crisis of operational capacity at 5 months of disaster incident for priority 1 cases. Bed capacity at the floor was the first to reach operational crisis followed by the ICU and operating room. The gap in the surge for surgical interventions was specific to the specialty and surgery type which reached operational crisis at 3 months.Conclusion:The study highlights the surge capacity and capability of the healthcare system at a Level 1 trauma center. The identified gaps in surge capacity require several key components of healthcare resources to be addressed across the continuum of care.
What Do You Mean by Community Resilience? More Assets or Better Prepared?
Authors: Wei Jianwen , Han Ziqiang , Han Yang , Gong Zepeng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectives:Understanding people’s perception of community resilience to disaster is important. This study explores the correlations of household livelihood assets, the adopted household disaster preparedness activities, and individuals’ assessment of community resilience.Methods:The data was collected in 2018 by surveying a group of survivors affected by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. The CART (Community Advancing Resilience Toolkit) was used to measure individuals’ perception of community resilience, while the livelihood assets included financial, physical, natural, human, and social capitals owned by the family, and the preparedness contained 13 activities. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models were used to test our hypotheses.Results:Social capital is consistently and positively associated with the overall individuals’ perceived community resilience, while the natural, human, and financial capitals’ effects are not significant. The awareness and participation preparedness activities are positively correlated with the perceived community resilience, but the material preparedness activities are not.Conclusions:Social capital and disaster preparedness activities are critical in building community resilience. Community resilience can be achieved by making the community more connected and by providing disaster preparedness interventions.
A Commentary on the African Commission's General Comment on the Right to Freedom of Movement and Residence under Article 12(1) of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights
Authors: Adeola Romola , Viljoen Frans , Muhindo Trésor Makunya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn 2019, the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights adopted General Comment No 5 on the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights: The Right to Freedom of Movement and Residence (Article 12(1)). In this general comment, the commission elaborated on the right to freedom of movement and residence within state borders. This issue, while explicit in international human rights law, is a challenge within various jurisdictions, including in Africa. This article provides a background to and commentary on General Comment No 5, leveraging on the insight of the authors, who participated in its drafting. Unlike the UN Human Rights Committee's earlier general comment, General Comment No 5 provides detailed guidance on the internal dimension of the right to free movement and residence. As “soft law”, its persuasive force depends on a number of factors, including its use at the domestic level, its visibility and its integration into regional human rights jurisprudence.
The outcomes of endoscopic approach for attic cholesteatoma: underwater continuous drilling versus traditional intermittent drilling
Authors: Wang D , Zhao X , Li W , Li X , Zhu R , Wang W 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to analyse the differences between underwater continuous drilling and traditional intermittent drilling for attic cholesteatoma.MethodsThe clinical data of 61 patients with attic cholesteatoma who underwent an endoscopic approach procedure were analysed. Forty patients underwent underwater continuous drilling (group A), and 21 patients underwent traditional intermittent drilling (group B).ResultsThe operation time was 64.61 ± 12.90 minutes in group A and 79.60 ± 16.81 minutes in group B (p< 0.05). The anaesthesia time was 102.69 ± 17.93 minutes in group A and 119.82 ± 19.28 minutes in group B (p< 0.05). The dry ear time, the hearing improvement rate and the post-operative complications were no different in the two groups.ConclusionGroup A and group B had no differences in surgical outcome or hearing recovery. However, treatment in the former group resulted in a significantly shortened operation and anaesthesia time.
De novotranscriptome reveals blood coagulation/antithrombin factors and infection mechanisms inAngiostrongylus cantonensisadult worms
Authors: de Mattos Pereira Leandro , de Jezuz Milene Pereira Guimarães , Rangel Amaranta Ramos , Baldasso Bruna Dalcin , Zaluski Amanda Bungi , Graeff-Teixeira Carlos , Morassutti Alessandra Loureiro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAngiostrongylus cantonensisis the main aetiological agent of eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in humans. Several outbreaks have been documented around the world, cementing its status as an emerging global public health concern. As a result, new strategies for the diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment of cerebral angiostrongyliasis are urgently needed. In this study, we report on thede novoassembly of theA. cantonensistranscriptome, its full functional annotation and a reconstruction of complete metabolic pathways. All results are available at AngiostrongylusDB (http://angiostrongylus.lad.pucrs.br/admin/welcome). The aim of this study was to identify the active genes and metabolic pathways involved in the mechanisms of infection and survival insideRattus norvegicus. Among 389 metabolic mapped pathways, the blood coagulation/antithrombin pathways of heparan sulphate/heparin are highlighted. Moreover, we identified genes codified to GP63 (leishmanolysin), CALR (calreticulin), ACE (peptidyl-dipeptidase A), myoglobin and vWD (von Willebrand factor type D domain protein) involved in the infection invasion and survival of the parasite. The large dataset of functional annotations provided and the full-length transcripts identified in this research may facilitate future functional genomics studies and provides a basis for the development of new techniques for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of cerebral angiostrongyliasis.
Experimentally imposed circadian misalignment alters the neural response to monetary rewards and response inhibition in healthy adolescents
Authors: Hasler Brant P. , Soehner Adriane M. , Wallace Meredith L. , Logan Ryan W. , Ngari Wambui , Forbes Erika E. , Buysse Daniel J. , Clark Duncan B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundSleep and circadian timing shifts later during adolescence, conflicting with early school start times, and resulting in circadian misalignment. Although circadian misalignment has been linked to depression, substance use, and altered reward function, a paucity of experimental studies precludes the determination of causality. Here we tested, for the first time, whether experimentally-imposed circadian misalignment alters the neural response to monetary reward and/or response inhibition.MethodsHealthy adolescents (n = 25, ages 13–17) completed two in-lab sleep schedules in counterbalanced order: An ‘aligned’ condition based on typical summer sleep-wake times (0000–0930) and a ‘misaligned’ condition mimicking earlier school year sleep-wake times (2000–0530). Participants completed morning and afternoon functional magnetic resonance imaging scans during each condition, including monetary reward (morning only) and response inhibition (morning and afternoon) tasks. Total sleep time and circadian phase were assessed via actigraphy and salivary melatonin, respectively.ResultsBilateral ventral striatal (VS) activation during reward outcome was lower during the Misaligned condition after accounting for the prior night's total sleep time. Bilateral VS activation during reward anticipation was lower during the Misaligned condition, including after accounting for covariates, but did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Right inferior frontal gyrus activation during response inhibition was lower during the Misaligned condition, before and after accounting for total sleep time and vigilant attention, but only during the morning scan.ConclusionsOur findings provide novel experimental evidence that circadian misalignment analogous to that resulting from school schedules may have measurable impacts on healthy adolescents' reward processing and inhibition of prepotent responses.
How party platforms on immigration become policy
Authors: Böhmelt Tobias , Ezrow Lawrence 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe focus on one of the most salient policy issues of our time, immigration, and evaluate whether the salience of immigration in governing parties’ manifestos translates into actual legislative activity on immigration. We contend that democratic policymakers have genuine incentives to do so. Furthermore, we argue that the country context matters for pledge fulfillment, and we find that the migration salience of governing parties’ manifestos more strongly translates into policy activity when the level of immigration restrictions is higher and when countries’ economies perform well. This research has important implications for our understanding of the relationships between economic performance, democratic representation and immigration policy making.
Germination, early development, and creativity in the acquisition of the Yucatec Maya deictic system
Authors: ESPINOSA OCHOA Mary Rosa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Yucatec Maya language has a highly complex deictic system with interesting typological differences that in addition to demonstratives and locative adverbs also includes ostensive evidentials and modal adverbs. Given that deictic words are among the first that children produce, the aim of this study is to identify the early acquisition that Yucatec Mayan children follow to map out each deictic form. Deictic words taken from spontaneous, longitudinal, transversal corpora and Gaskins's (1990) field work annotations were labeled and analyzed. The results show that children begin by uttering protoforms mapped with prototypical functions of locative and modal adverbs, but the functions of both demonstratives and ostensive evidentials are expressed mostly with the same protoform, which is similar to the deictic organizations of other languages. When children become productive, they overextend functions, which demonstrates a reanalysis of the system before acquisition is complete.
The effects of input and output modalities on language switching between Chinese and English
Authors: Wong Wai Leung , Maurer Urs 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLanguage control is important for bilinguals to produce words in the right language. While most previous studies investigated language control using visual stimuli with vocal responses, language control regarding auditory stimuli and manual responses was rarely examined. In the present study, an alternating language switching paradigm was used to investigate language control mechanism under two input modalities (visual and auditory) and two output modalities (manual and vocal) by measuring switch costs in both error percentage and reaction time (RT) in forty-eight Cantonese–English early bilinguals. Results showed that higher switch costs in RT were found with auditory stimuli than visual stimuli, possibly due to shorter preparation time with auditory stimuli. In addition, switch costs in RT and error percentage could be obtained not only in speaking, but also in handwriting. Therefore, language control mechanisms, such as inhibition of the non-target language, may be shared between speaking and handwriting.
Language of instruction affects language interference in the third language
Authors: Tomoschuk Brendan , Duyck Wouter , Hartsuiker Robert J. , Ferreira Victor S. , Gollan Tamar H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractApplied linguistic work claims that multilinguals’ non-native languages interfere with one another based on similarities in cognitive factors like proficiency or age of acquisition. Two experiments explored how trilinguals regulate control of native- and non-native-language words. Experiment 1 tested 46 Dutch–English–French trilinguals in a monitoring task. Participants decided if phonemes were present in the target language name of a picture, phonemes of non-target language translations resulted in longer response times and more false alarms compared to phonemes not present in any translation (Colomé, 2001). The second language (English) interfered more than the first (Dutch) when trilinguals monitored in their third language (French). In Experiment 2, 95 bilinguals learned an artificial language to explore the possibility that the language from which a bilingual learns a third language provides practice managing known-language interference. Language of instruction modulated results, suggesting that learning conditions may reduce interference effects previously attributed to cognitive factors.
Nonlinearities in bilingual visual word recognition: An introduction to generalized additive modeling
Authors: Miwa Koji , Baayen Harald 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper introduces the generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) and the quantile generalized additive mixed model (QGAMM) through reanalyses of bilinguals’ lexical decision data from Dijkstra et al. (2010) and Miwa et al. (2014). We illustrate how regression splines can be used to test for nonlinear effects of cross-language similarity in form as well as for controlling experimental trial effects. We further illustrate the tensor product smooth for a nonlinear interaction between cross-language semantic similarity and word frequency. Finally, we show how the QGAMM helps clarify whether the effect of a particular predictor is constant across distributions of RTs.
Do Multi‐Model Ensembles Improve Reconstruction Skill in Paleoclimate Data Assimilation?
Authors: Parsons Luke A. , Amrhein Daniel E. , Sanchez Sara C. , Tardif Robert , Brennan M. Kathleen , Hakim Gregory J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractReconstructing past climates remains a difficult task because pre‐instrumental observational networks are composed of geographically sparse and noisy paleoclimate proxy records that require statistical techniques to inform complete climate fields. Traditionally, instrumental or climate model statistical relationships are used to spread information from proxy measurements to other locations and to other climate variables. Here ensembles drawn from single climate models and from combinations of multiple climate models are used to reconstruct temperature variability over the last millennium in idealized experiments. We find that reconstructions derived from multi‐model ensembles produce lower error than reconstructions from single‐model ensembles when reconstructing independent model and instrumental data. Specifically, we find the largest decreases in error over regions far from proxy locations that are often associated with large uncertainties in model physics, such as mid‐ and high‐latitude ocean and sea‐ice regions. Furthermore, we find that multi‐model ensemble reconstructions outperform single‐model reconstructions that use covariance localization. We propose that multi‐model ensembles could be used to improve paleoclimate reconstructions in time periods beyond the last millennium and for climate variables other than air temperature, such as drought metrics or sea ice variables.
Jupiter’s Great Red Spot: Strong Interactions With Incoming Anticyclones in 2019
Authors: Sánchez‐Lavega A. , Anguiano‐Arteaga A. , Iñurrigarro P. , Garcia‐Melendo E. , Legarreta J. , Hueso R. , Sanz‐Requena J. F. , Pérez‐Hoyos S. , Mendikoa I. , Soria M. , Rojas J. F. , Andrés‐Carcasona M. , Prat‐Gasull A. , Ordoñez‐Extebarria I. , Rogers J. H. , Foster C. , Mizumoto S. , Casely A. , Hansen C. J. , Orton G. S. , Momary T. , Eichstädt G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractJupiter’s Great Red Spot (GRS), a giant anticyclone, is the largest and longest‐lived of all the vortices observed in planetary atmospheres. During its history, the GRS has shrunk to half its size since 1879, and encountered many smaller anticyclones and other dynamical features that interacted in a complex way. In 2018–2020, while having a historically small size, its structure and even its survival appeared to be threatened when a series of anticyclones moving in from the east tore off large fragments of the red area and distorted its shape. In this work, we report observations of the dynamics of these interactions and show that as a result the GRS increased its internal rotation velocity, maintaining its vorticity but decreasing its visible area, and suffering a transient change in its otherwise steady 90‐day oscillation in longitude. From a radiative transfer analysis and numerical simulations of the dynamics we show that the interactions affected the upper cloud tops of the GRS. We argue that the intense vorticity of the GRS, together with its larger size and depth compared to the interacting vortices, guarantees its long lifetime.
Evaluation of Sedimentary Organic Carbon Reactivity and Burial in the Eastern China Marginal Seas
Authors: Guo Jinqiang , Yuan Huamao , Song Jinming , Li Xuegang , Duan Liqin , Li Ning , Wang Yingxia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDynamic physicochemical interactions along continental margins create complex organic carbon (OC) cycles that have a significant impact on the global climate but remain enigmatic; in particular, the OC burial behaviors in mud areas are still unclear. Herein, the molecular and bulk properties of sedimentary OC (SOC) were investigated in eastern China marginal seas to better understand the fate of SOC. The source discrimination analysis showed that SOC was mainly derived from indigenous production and experienced strong heterotrophic alteration, as indicated by low glucosamine/galactosamine ratios (<3) and the relatively high contribution of bacterial OC (∼25%). The South Yellow Sea mud area (SYSMA) and East China Sea mud area (ECSMA) both represented hot spots for SOC burial, but the SYSMA exhibited lower SOC reactivity than the ECSMA because of intense degradation in the water column. Although the net particulate OC deposition flux in the ECSMA was approximately 5 times that of the SYSMA, the SOC burial efficiencies (∼35%) of these two areas were similar due to the presence of cold water masses and cyclonic eddies in the SYSMA (which are beneficial for the storage of SOC) and the active remineralization driven by the priming effect and intense physical reworking in the ECSMA. As human disturbance and global climate change intensify, the role of distal mud areas (represented by the SYSMA) in SOC burial may become increasingly prominent, while the SOC burial in inner shelf mobile mud areas (such as the ECSMA) affected by large rivers may be significantly reduced.