bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iron deficiency and high-intensity running interval training do not impact femoral or tibial bone in young female rats
Authors: Scott Jonathan M. , Swallow Elizabeth A. , Metzger Corinne E. , Kohler Rachel , Wallace Joseph M. , Stacy Alexander J. , Allen Matthew R. , Gasier Heath G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the USA, as many as 20 % of recruits sustain stress fractures during basic training. In addition, approximately one-third of female recruits develop Fe deficiency upon completion of training. Fe is a cofactor in bone collagen formation and vitamin D activation, thus we hypothesised Fe deficiency may be contributing to altered bone microarchitecture and mechanics during 12-weeks of increased mechanical loading. Three-week old female Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to one of four groups: Fe-adequate sedentary, Fe-deficient sedentary, Fe-adequate exercise and Fe-deficient exercise. Exercise consisted of high-intensity treadmill running (54 min 3×/week). After 12-weeks, serum bone turnover markers, femoral geometry and microarchitecture, mechanical properties and fracture toughness and tibiae mineral composition and morphometry were measured. Fe deficiency increased the bone resorption markers C-terminal telopeptide type I collagen and tartate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAcP 5b). In exercised rats, Fe deficiency further increased bone TRAcP 5b, while in Fe-adequate rats, exercise increased the bone formation marker procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide. In the femur, exercise increased cortical thickness and maximum load. In the tibia, Fe deficiency increased the rate of bone formation, mineral apposition and Zn content. These data show that the femur and tibia structure and mechanical properties are not negatively impacted by Fe deficiency despite a decrease in tibiae Fe content and increase in serum bone resorption markers during 12-weeks of high-intensity running in young growing female rats.
Molossinema wimsatti infection in the brain of Pallas's mastiff bats (Molossus molossus)
Authors: de Souto E.P.F. , Oliveira A.M. , Campos É.M. , Vilela V.L.R. , de Barros C.S.L. , Dantas A.F.M. , Nogueira de Galiza G.J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The present report describes two cases of infection by Molossinema wimsatti in the brain of Pallas's mastiff bats (Molossus molossus). The first bat was captured and killed by a domestic cat in a suburban area of the municipality of Patos, Paraiba, northeastern Brazil. The second bat was found crawling on the ground in the same area before dying. No gross lesions were found at necropsy. Histology of the central nervous system revealed filarioid nematodes in the brain ventricles and cerebellum. There were adults, subadults and eggs, the latter sometimes containing microfilariae. No inflammatory response was observed in bat 1, while bat 2 presented a mild lymphoplasmacytic meningoencephalitis. Three nematodes were recovered and submitted for parasitological examination. The diagnosis of M. wimsatti infection was based on the histomorphological and parasitological characteristics of the agent and its location in the brain ventricular system of insectivorous bats. The infection likely occurs in other insectivorous bats from South American and Caribbean countries but may be overlooked.
Error characteristics of a model-based integration approach for fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Mwenegoha Hery A. , Moore Terry , Pinchin James , Jabbal Mark 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe paper presents the error characteristics of a vehicle dynamic model (VDM)-based integration architecture for fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles. Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and inertial measurement unit measurements are fused in an extended Kalman filter (EKF) which uses the VDM as the main process model. Control inputs from the autopilot system are used to drive the navigation solution. Using a predefined trajectory with segments of both high and low dynamics and a variable wind profile, Monte Carlo simulations reveal a degrading performance in varying periods of GNSS outage lasting 10 s, 20 s, 30 s, 60 s and 90 s, respectively. These are followed by periods of re-acquisition where the navigation solution recovers. With a GNSS outage lasting less than 60 s, the position error gradually grows to a maximum of 8⋅4 m while attitude errors in roll and pitch remain bounded, as opposed to an inertial navigation system (INS)/GNSS approach in which the navigation solution degrades rapidly. The model-based approach shows improved navigation performance even with parameter uncertainties over a conventional INS/GNSS integration approach.
Parameterized cast calculi and reusable meta-theory for gradually typed lambda calculi
Authors: SIEK JEREMY G. , CHEN TIANYU 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The research on gradual typing has led to many variations on the Gradually Typed Lambda Calculus (GTLC) of Siek & Taha (2006) and its underlying cast calculus. For example, Wadler and Findler (2009) added blame tracking, Siek et al. (2009) investigated alternate cast evaluation strategies, and Herman et al. (2010) replaced casts with coercions for space efficiency. The meta-theory for the GTLC has also expanded beyond type safety to include blame safety (Tobin-Hochstadt & Felleisen, 2006), space consumption (Herman et al., 2010), and the gradual guarantees (Siek et al., 2015). These results have been proven for some variations of the GTLC but not others. Furthermore, researchers continue to develop variations on the GTLC, but establishing all of the meta-theory for new variations is time-consuming. This article identifies abstractions that capture similarities between many cast calculi in the form of two parameterized cast calculi, one for the purposes of language specification and the other to guide space-efficient implementations. The article then develops reusable meta-theory for these two calculi, proving type safety, blame safety, the gradual guarantees, and space consumption. Finally, the article instantiates this meta-theory for eight cast calculi including five from the literature and three new calculi. All of these definitions and theorems, including the two parameterized calculi, the reusable meta-theory, and the eight instantiations, are mechanized in Agda making extensive use of module parameters and dependent records to define the abstractions.
The time-varying and volatile macroeconomic effects of immigration
Authors: Li Huachen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper studies the impact of immigration on the US macroeconomy. I identify structural vector autoregressions (SVARs) with time-varying parameters (TVPs) and stochastic volatility (SV) using a novel set of restrictions. The TVP-SV-SVARs are estimated on a quarterly sample including average labor productivity (ALP), hours worked, immigration, consumption, and term spread from 1953 to 2017. An immigration supply shock increases domestic ALP and hours worked over the business cycle horizons. Movements in immigration are explained by its own shock and to a lesser extent by the productivity and news shocks. IRFs driven by these shocks vary over the sample, especially around changes in immigration policy such as the Immigration Act of 1990. In contrast, the forecast error variance decompositions exhibit little change over the sample. Immigration plays an important role in the US macroeconomy.
Pore Fluid Pressure Imaging of the Mt. Pollino Region (Southern Italy) From Earthquake Focal Mechanisms
Authors: De Matteis R. , Convertito V. , Napolitano F. , Amoroso O. , Terakawa T. , Capuano P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFocal mechanisms of selected earthquakes, recorded in the Mount Pollino region (southern Italy) from 2010 through 2014, are used to infer the pore fluid pressure at hypocenter depths. The 3‐D excess pore pressure field provides evidence that the sequence occurs in a fluid‐filled volume with values reaching 35 MPa. The mechanisms underlying this swarm‐like sequence and the triggering of earthquakes are investigated by computing the cumulative static Coulomb stress change at hypocenter depths and analyzing the pore‐pressure diffusion mechanism. The results indicate that static Coulomb stress change was lower than 0.01 MPa, which is the value generally assumed as threshold for the triggering, and seismicity distribution was actually driven by pore‐pressure diffusion with relatively low diffusivity value. This latter mechanism could also explain the delayed triggering of the two larger eventsML4.3 andML5.0, respectively, that occurred about 150 days apart.
Steady‐State Surface NMR for Mapping of Groundwater
Authors: Grombacher D. , Liu L. , Griffiths M. P. , Vang M. Ø. , Larsen J. J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGroundwater is a critical freshwater source for billions of people (Klee, 2013), but resources are increasingly stressed by climate change, pollution, and overexploitation (Frappart & Ramillien, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10060829). Locating groundwater sources and monitoring their sustainable use is a difficult task. One method that shows great promise is surface nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), as it is the only technique capable of non‐invasive direct measurements of subsurface water content and pore‐space properties. Unfortunately, surface NMR often suffers from low‐amplitude signals that limit mapping speeds and may prohibit measurements in noisy environments. We demonstrate a steady‐state scheme for surface NMR, enabled by recent breakthroughs in transmitter capabilities and numerical modeling that delivers orders of magnitude signal enhancements. The new technique is a highly efficient measurement that is both narrowband and utilizes the full measurement interval in contrast to traditional approaches. Our results demonstrate that high‐fidelity groundwater measurements are now possible in hitherto inaccessible areas.
Neural Network‐Based CO2 Interpretation From 4D Sleipner Seismic Images
Authors: Li Bei , Li Yunyue Elita 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTime‐lapse or 4D seismic survey is a crucial monitoring tool for CO2 geological sequestration. Conventional time‐lapse interpretation provides detailed characterization of CO2 distribution in the storage unit. However, manual interpretation is labor‐intensive and often inconsistent throughout the long monitoring history, due to the inevitable changes in seismic acquisition and processing technology and interpreter's subjectivity. We propose a neural network (NN)‐based interpretation method that translates baseline and monitoring seismic images to the probability of CO2 presence. We use a simplified 3D U‐Net, whose training, validation and testing are all based on the Sleipner CO2 storage project. The limited labels for training are derived from the interpreted CO2 plume outlines within the internal sandstone layers for 2010. Then we apply the trained NN on different time‐lapse seismic data sets from 1999 to 2010. The results suggest that our NN‐based CO2 interpretation has the following advantages: (a) high interpretation efficiency by automatic end‐to‐end mapping; (b) robustness against the processing‐induced mismatch between the baseline and time‐lapse inputs, relaxing the baseline reprocessing demands when compared to newly acquired or reprocessed time‐lapse data sets; and (c) inherent interpretation consistency throughout multiple vintage data sets. Testing results with crafted time‐lapse images unveil that the NN takes both amplitude difference and structural similarity into account for CO2 interpretation. We also compare 2D and 3D U‐Nets under the scenario of sparse 2D labels for training. The results suggest that the 3D U‐Net provides more continuous interpretation at the cost of larger computational resources for training and application.
Implementation of an Orographic Drag Scheme Considering Orographic Anisotropy in All Flow Directions in the Earth System Model CAS‐ESM 2.0
Authors: Xie Jinbo , Zhang Minghua , Zeng Qingcun , Xie Zhenghui , Liu Hailong , Chai Zhaoyang , He JuanXiong , Zhang He 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA reasonable representation of orographic anisotropy in earth system models is vital for improving weather and climate modeling. In this study, we implement the orographic drag scheme, including 3‐D orographic anisotropy (3D‐AFD), into the Chinese Academy of Sciences Earth System Model version 2 (CAS‐ESM 2.0). Three groups of simulations named sensitivity run, medium‐range forecast, and seasonal forecast respectively are conducted using the updated CAS‐ESM model and validated against station observation and reanalysis data. These simulations are run using the three schemes—3D‐AFD scheme, the 3D orographic anisotropy scheme for the eight‐direction (3D‐8x), and the 2D isotropic scheme (2D)—to compare their performance in CAS‐ESM 2.0. Sensitivity runs show that the 3D‐AFD provide more continuous transition of calculated drag as function of wind direction than the 3D‐8x, while the drag calculated using the 2D scheme show no variation with change of wind direction. Enhanced drag in the medium range and seasonal forecast using the updated CAS‐ESM alleviates part of the winter wind speed bias over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and the cold bias over TP and the Siberian polar region. It is shown that the 3D‐AFD scheme alleviates more bias than that of the 3D‐8x scheme (by wind speed reduction of 1 ∼ 2 m/s and temperature of 1 ∼ 2 K) especially in the seasonal forecast. The results suggest that reasonable representation of the orographic anisotropy is important in climate modeling.
Toward GIC Forecasting: Statistical Downscaling of the Geomagnetic Field to Improve Geoelectric Field Forecasts
Authors: Haines C. , Owens M. J. , Barnard L. , Lockwood M. , Beggan C. D. , Thomson A. W. P. , Rogers N. C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGeomagnetically induced currents (GICs) are an impact of space weather that can occur during periods of enhanced geomagnetic activity. GICs can enter into electrical power grids through earthed conductors, potentially causing network collapse through voltage instability or damaging transformers. It would be beneficial for power grid operators to have a forecast of GICs that could inform decision making on mitigating action. Long lead‐time GIC forecasting requires magnetospheric models as drivers of geoelectric field models. However, estimation of the geoelectric field is sensitive to high‐frequency geomagnetic field variations, which operational global magneto‐hydrodynamic models do not fully capture. Furthermore, an assessment of GIC forecast uncertainty would require a large ensemble of magnetospheric runs, which is computationally expensive. One solution that is widely used in climate science is “downscaling,” wherein sub‐grid variations are added to model outputs on a statistical basis. We present proof‐of‐concept results for a method that temporally downscales low‐resolution magnetic field data on a 1‐hr timescale to 1‐min resolution, with the hope of improving subsequent geoelectric field magnitude estimates. An analog ensemble (AnEn) approach is used to select similar hourly averages in a historical data set, from which we separate the high‐resolution perturbations to add to the hourly average values. We find that AnEn outperforms the benchmark linear‐interpolation approach in its ability to accurately drive an impacts model, suggesting GIC forecasting would be improved. We evaluated the ability of AnEn to predict extreme events using the FSS, HSS, cost/loss analysis and BSS, finding that AnEn outperforms the “do‐nothing” approach.
One-step ethylene production from a four-component gas mixture by a single physisorbent
Authors: Cao Jian-Wei , Mukherjee Soumya , Pham Tony , Wang Yu , Wang Teng , Zhang Tao , Jiang Xue , Tang Hui-Juan , Forrest Katherine A. , Space Brian , Zaworotko Michael J. , Chen Kai-Jie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOne-step adsorptive purification of ethylene (C2H4) from four-component gas mixtures comprising acetylene (C2H2), ethylene (C2H4), ethane (C2H6) and carbon dioxide (CO2) is an unmet challenge in the area of commodity purification. Herein, we report that the ultramicroporous sorbent Zn-atz-oba (H2oba = 4,4-dicarboxyl diphenyl ether; Hatz = 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole) enables selective adsorption of C2H2, C2H6 and CO2 over C2H4 thanks to the binding sites that lie in its undulating pores. Molecular simulations provide insight into the binding sites in Zn-atz-oba that are responsible for coadsorption of C2H2, C2H6 and CO2 over C2H4. Dynamic breakthrough experiments demonstrate that the selective binding exhibited by Zn-atz-oba can produce polymer-grade purity (>99.95%) C2H4 from binary (1:1 for C2H4/C2H6), ternary (1:1:1 for C2H2/C2H4/C2H6) and quaternary (1:1:1:1 for C2H2/C2H4/C2H6/CO2) gas mixtures in a single step.
Diverse integrated ecosystem approach overcomes pandemic-related fisheries monitoring challenges
Authors: Santora Jarrod A. , Rogers Tanya L. , Cimino Megan A. , Sakuma Keith M. , Hanson Keith D. , Dick E. J. , Jahncke Jaime , Warzybok Pete , Field John C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic caused unprecedented cancellations of fisheries and ecosystem-assessment surveys, resulting in a recession of observations needed for management and conservation globally. This unavoidable reduction of survey data poses challenges for informing biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, developing future stock assessments of harvested species, and providing strategic advice for ecosystem-based management. We present a diversified framework involving integration of monitoring data with empirical models and simulations to inform ecosystem status within the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem. We augment trawl observations collected from a limited fisheries survey with survey effort reduction simulations, use of seabird diets as indicators of fish abundance, and krill species distribution modeling trained on past observations. This diversified approach allows for evaluation of ecosystem status during data-poor situations, especially during the COVID-19 era. The challenges to ecosystem monitoring imposed by the pandemic may be overcome by preparing for unexpected effort reduction, linking disparate ecosystem indicators, and applying new species modeling techniques.
Microcavity-like exciton-polaritons can be the primary photoexcitation in bare organic semiconductors
Authors: Pandya Raj , Chen Richard Y. S. , Gu Qifei , Sung Jooyoung , Schnedermann Christoph , Ojambati Oluwafemi S. , Chikkaraddy Rohit , Gorman Jeffrey , Jacucci Gianni , Onelli Olimpia D. , Willhammar Tom , Johnstone Duncan N. , Collins Sean M. , Midgley Paul A. , Auras Florian , Baikie Tomi , Jayaprakash Rahul , Mathevet Fabrice , Soucek Richard , Du Matthew , Alvertis Antonios M. , Ashoka Arjun , Vignolini Silvia , Lidzey David G. , Baumberg Jeremy J. , Friend Richard H. , Barisien Thierry , Legrand Laurent , Chin Alex W. , Yuen-Zhou Joel , Saikin Semion K. , Kukura Philipp , Musser Andrew J. , Rao Akshay 
Published: November 2021

AbstractStrong-coupling between excitons and confined photonic modes can lead to the formation of new quasi-particles termed exciton-polaritons which can display a range of interesting properties such as super-fluidity, ultrafast transport and Bose-Einstein condensation. Strong-coupling typically occurs when an excitonic material is confided in a dielectric or plasmonic microcavity. Here, we show polaritons can form at room temperature in a range of chemically diverse, organic semiconductor thin films, despite the absence of an external cavity. We find evidence of strong light-matter coupling via angle-dependent peak splittings in the reflectivity spectra of the materials and emission from collective polariton states. We additionally show exciton-polaritons are the primary photoexcitation in these organic materials by directly imaging their ultrafast (5 × 106 m s−1), ultralong (~270 nm) transport. These results open-up new fundamental physics and could enable a new generation of organic optoelectronic and light harvesting devices based on cavity-free exciton-polaritons
PharmacoSTORM nanoscale pharmacology reveals cariprazine binding on Islands of Calleja granule cells
Authors: Prokop Susanne , Ábrányi-Balogh Péter , Barti Benjámin , Vámosi Márton , Zöldi Miklós , Barna László , Urbán Gabriella M. , Tóth András Dávid , Dudok Barna , Egyed Attila , Deng Hui , Leggio Gian Marco , Hunyady László , van der Stelt Mario , Keserű György M. , Katona István 
Published: November 2021

AbstractImmunolabeling and autoradiography have traditionally been applied as the methods-of-choice to visualize and collect molecular information about physiological and pathological processes. Here, we introduce PharmacoSTORM super-resolution imaging that combines the complementary advantages of these approaches and enables cell-type- and compartment-specific nanoscale molecular measurements. We exploited rational chemical design for fluorophore-tagged high-affinity receptor ligands and an enzyme inhibitor; and demonstrated broad PharmacoSTORM applicability for three protein classes and for cariprazine, a clinically approved antipsychotic and antidepressant drug. Because the neurobiological substrate of cariprazine has remained elusive, we took advantage of PharmacoSTORM to provide in vivo evidence that cariprazine predominantly binds to D3 dopamine receptors on Islands of Calleja granule cell axons but avoids dopaminergic terminals. These findings show that PharmacoSTORM helps to quantify drug-target interaction sites at the nanoscale level in a cell-type- and subcellular context-dependent manner and within complex tissue preparations. Moreover, the results highlight the underappreciated neuropsychiatric significance of the Islands of Calleja in the ventral forebrain.
Generation of functional ciliated cholangiocytes from human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Ogawa Mina , Jiang Jia-Xin , Xia Sunny , Yang Donghe , Ding Avrilynn , Laselva Onofrio , Hernandez Marcela , Cui Changyi , Higuchi Yuichiro , Suemizu Hiroshi , Dorrell Craig , Grompe Markus , Bear Christine E. , Ogawa Shinichiro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe derivation of mature functional cholangiocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) provides a model for studying the pathogenesis of cholangiopathies and for developing therapies to treat them. Current differentiation protocols are not efficient and give rise to cholangiocytes that are not fully mature, limiting their therapeutic applications. Here, we generate functional hPSC-derived cholangiocytes that display many characteristics of mature bile duct cells including high levels of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the presence of primary cilia capable of sensing flow. With this level of maturation, these cholangiocytes are amenable for testing the efficacy of cystic fibrosis drugs and for studying the role of cilia in cholangiocyte development and function. Transplantation studies show that the mature cholangiocytes generate ductal structures in the liver of immunocompromised mice indicating that it may be possible to develop cell-based therapies to restore bile duct function in patients with biliary disease.