bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pandemic coronavirus disease (Covid‐19): World effects analysis and prediction using machine‐learning techniques
Authors: Tiwari Dimple , Bhati Bhoopesh Singh , Al‐Turjman Fadi , Nagpal Bharti 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPandemic novel Coronavirus (Covid‐19) is an infectious disease that primarily spreads by droplets of nose discharge when sneezing and saliva from the mouth when coughing, that had first been reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Covid‐19 became a global pandemic, which led to a harmful impact on the world. Many predictive models of Covid‐19 are being proposed by academic researchers around the world to take the foremost decisions and enforce the appropriate control measures. Due to the lack of accurate Covid‐19 records and uncertainty, the standard techniques are being failed to correctly predict the epidemic global effects. To address this issue, we present an Artificial Intelligence (AI)‐based meta‐analysis to predict the trend of epidemic Covid‐19 over the world. The powerful machine learning algorithms namely Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Linear Regression were applied on real time‐series dataset, which holds the global record of confirmed, recovered, deaths and active cases of Covid‐19 outbreak. Statistical analysis has also been conducted to present various facts regarding Covid‐19 observed symptoms, a list of Top‐20 Coronavirus affected countries and a number of coactive cases over the world. Among the three machine learning techniques investigated, Naïve Bayes produced promising results to predict Covid‐19 future trends with less Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Squared Error (MSE). The less value of MAE and MSE strongly represent the effectiveness of the Naïve Bayes regression technique. Although, the global footprint of this pandemic is still uncertain. This study demonstrates the various trends and future growth of the global pandemic for a proactive response from the citizens and governments of countries. This paper sets the initial benchmark to demonstrate the capability of machine learning for outbreak prediction.
Where is my home?: Gendered precarity and the experience of COVID‐19 among women migrant workers from Delhi and National Capital Region, India
Authors: Arora Shubhda , Majumder Mrinmoy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWith growing interest in the lives of individuals and communities during the COVID‐19 pandemic, there is consensus among scholars, academicians, and policy makers that the pandemic has had unequal impacts on different sections of the society. The dominant idea that “we are in this together” needs to be critically unpacked to understand the differential impact of the same pandemic on people with varied vulnerabilities. The concept of “intersectional vulnerability” has been key to understanding the unequal distribution of the pandemic risk. Using a gendered intersectional lens, this paper aims to understand the lived experiences of migrant women workers during the pandemic and their narratives of gendered inequality. Through a narrative study in Delhi and the National Capital Region (NCR), India, from May to October 2020, this study brings out stories of precarity faced by five migrant women while battling the social, psychological, and economic effects of the pandemic. Loss of livelihood, home, savings, and prospects of a better future shape the narratives of these women. The pandemic exacerbated the already precarious positions of these women by creating a situation where—(a) patriarchal structures were further reinforced, and (b) losing gender solidarity and companionship through lockdown and social distancing.
A clinical comparison of pure knitted silk and a complex synthetic skin substitute for the treatment of partial thickness burns
Authors: Schiefer Jennifer Lynn , Andreae Janine , Bagheri Mahsa , Fuchs Paul Christian , Lefering Rolf , Heitzmann Wolfram , Schulz Alexandra 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCurrently, many dressings are commercially available for the treatment of burn wounds. Some of these wound dressings remain on the wound, prevent painful dressing changes, and reduce tissue scarring. Nevertheless, still a wound dressing that is cost‐effective, produces good wound healing properties, and has a high patient satisfaction is needed. Standard care of superficial burn wounds differs between burn centres. This study aimed to determine a dressing with easy appliance, accurate pain control, favourable outcome, and cost‐effectiveness. Therefore, we compared the widely used but expensive Suprathel with the rather new but much cheaper Dressilk in the clinical setting. In a prospective clinical study, the healing of partial thickness burn wounds after simultaneous treatment with Suprathel and Dressilk was examined in 20 patients intra‐individually. During wound healing, pain, infection, exudation, and bleeding were evaluated. A subjective scar evaluation was performed using the Patient and Observer Scar Scale. Both dressings were easy to apply, remained on the wound in place, and were gradually cut back as reepithelisation proceeded and showed similar times to wound closure. Dressing changes were not necessary, and neither infections nor bleeding was detected. Overall exudation and pain were highest in the beginning but declined during the wound‐healing phase without significant differences. In the follow‐up scar evaluation after 12 months, patients reported overall high satisfaction. Overall, the modern dressings Suprathel and Dressilk (solely made out of pure silk) led to safe wound healing without infection and rapidly reduced pain. There was no need for dressing changes, and they had similar clinical outcomes in scar evaluation. Therefore, both dressings seem to be ideal for the treatment of superficial burns. Because acquisition costs remain one of the main factors in the treatment of burns, Dressilk, which is ~20 times cheaper than Suprathel, remains a good option for the treatment of partial thickness burns.
Physiological responses to salinity among warm‐season turfgrasses of contrasting salinity tolerance
Authors: Chavarria Manuel , Wherley Benjamin , Jessup Russell , Chandra Ambika 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere is increasing need to understand physiological mechanisms of warm‐season turfgrass species for potential use in salt‐affected soils due to increased use of recycled water for irrigation in arid and semi‐arid regions. Greenhouse screenings previously conducted during 2014 and 2015 at Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, and determined relative salinity tolerance among 45 experimental genotypes representing four warm‐season turfgrass species under salinity levels ranging from 2.5 to 45 dS m−1. From that study, eight genotypes (two genotypes representing the highest and lowest relative salinity tolerance from each of four species) were advanced for additional evaluations aimed at characterizing physiological responses to salinity in this study. Genotypes included ‘Celebration®’ and ‘UGB79’ bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.), ‘DALZ1313’ and ‘Zeon’ zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.), ‘UGP3’ and ‘UGP38’ seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum), and ‘Floratam’ and ‘Palmetto’ St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze]. Grasses were grown in the greenhouse and sub‐irrigated daily for 4 weeks at salinity levels of 2.5, 15 and 30 dS m−1. Responses including visual turf quality, shoot growth rates, salt excretion rates, root and shoot tissue nutrient concentrations, as well as root and shoot Na:K were characterized. Results showed that all grasses adjusted osmotically under increasing salinity levels. However, differences in Na:K were noted among species, with bermudagrass and seashore paspalum genotypes maintaining proportionally lower Na:K in roots and shoots than zoysiagrass and St. Augustinegrass under salinity stress. Salt excretion rates also increased at increasing salinity in zoysiagrass and bermudagrass, with greater salt excretion observed in the salinity‐tolerant genotypes of each species. The results demonstrate that salt tolerance is complex, and show a variety of salt tolerance mechanisms are employed by these warm‐season species.
The unlikely ‘antiquity of Madagascar's grasslands’: Disproportionately forest‐limited endemic fauna support anthropogenic transformation from woodland
Authors: Joseph Grant S. , Seymour Colleen L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPapers arguing for Malagasy central highlands (MCH) as natural grassland rely disproportionally on a single reference (Bond et al. 2008, The antiquity of Madagascar's grasslands and the rise of C4 grassy biomes. Journal of Biogeography, 35, 1743–1758). The paper argues that (1) evolution of endemic grassland specialist fauna, (2) paleoecological findings and (3) existence of subfossil C4‐grazers provide evidence that when humans entered the MCH around 2000 years before present (BP), it was a natural, ancient grassland. Respectfully, we find discrepancies between that study and its sources: (1) proportions of endemic grassland‐limited species are 17‐fold greater than original data (which show 87% of species are forest‐limited and 2% [not 32%] are grassland‐limited); (2) paleodata relevant to human‐influenced timeframes are omitted; and (3) the hippo specimen used to invoke existence of ancient C4‐grazers was the common hippo from mainland Africa, circa 1950. We conclude that the paper's findings are unsupported, and MCH grasslands are likely anthropogenic.
Comparative clinical genetic testing in spontaneous miscarriage: Insights from a study in Southern Chinese women
Authors: Cai Meiying , Lin Na , Xu Liangpu , Huang Hailong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSingle nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array and karyotype analyses were conducted on 441 spontaneous miscarriage placental villous tissues collected from women from southern China. Subsequently, the results from these two analyses were compared to evaluate the best diagnostic strategy for subsequent pre‐pregnancy planning. Here, the success rate of genetic testing using karyotyping and SNP array analysis was 78.46% (346/441) and 100.0% (441/441), respectively. The abnormality rate estimated by both methods was 54.9% (242/441). Three hundred and forty‐six cases were successfully detected via both SNP array and karyotype analyses; the rate of consistent detection was 96.24% (333/346), whereas 13 cases were not consistent. There was no substantial positive correlation between age and genetic abnormalities such as Turner syndrome, structural variation or euploidy state in the different age groups studied. However, the aneuploidy rate was significantly different in each age group. Thus, although SNP array has higher success rate and resolution in genetic abnormality detection, supplementary karyotype analysis is needed for a more accurate revelation of the genetic aetiology of miscarriages. Therefore, this study indicates that simultaneous karyotype and SNP array analyses should be performed for spontaneous miscarriages. Furthermore, miscarriages irrespective of maternal age must be genetically analysed.
Serological responses to koi herpesvirus (KHV) in a non‐cyprinid reservoir host
Authors: Michael Bergmann Sven , Dabels Juliane , Klafack Sandro , Jin Yeonwha , Lee Pei‐Yu , Hofmann Arndt Christian , Wang Yingying , Wang Qing , Li Yingying , Zeng Weiwei , Lusiastuti Angela , Zheng Shucheng , Jin Yijuan , Kiełpińska Jolanta , Monaghan Sean 
Published: May 2021

AbstractKoi herpesvirus (KHV) is a highly contagious virus that causes KHV disease (KHVD) inducing high mortality in carp and koi (Cyprinus carpio L.). In the late stage, latency occurs with very low, often non‐detectable virus concentrations, which represents a challenge for virus detection. After validation according to OIE recommendations, an antibody ELISA was established to recognize antibodies of C. carpio against KHV infection. In this study, the ELISA was modified to detect anti‐KHV antibodies from a non‐cyprinid fish. Experimentally infected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were able to transmit KHV to naïve carp at two different temperatures, demonstrating their potential as a reservoir host. At 20°C, KHVD was induced in carp but not at 15°C. Unexpectedly, rainbow trout developed humoral response against KHV at both temperatures. In contrast to carp, at 15°C trout produced neutralizing antibodies but not at 20°C. While antibodies obtained from infected carp sera reacted in a similar way against all KHV, antibodies from rainbow trout sera reacted differently to the same isolates by ELISA. The data show that even when non‐cyprinid fish species are infected with KHV, they can produce antibodies that differ from those observed in carp.
Predictability of simple endoscopic score for Crohn's disease for postoperative outcomes in Crohn's disease
Authors: Akiyama Shintaro , Yamada Akihiro , Ollech Jacob E , Komaki Yuga , Komaki Fukiko , Pekow Joel , Dalal Sushila R , Cohen Russell D , Rubin David T , Sakuraba Atsushi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and AimApproximately half of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) who have surgery will experience clinical recurrence within 10 years of their surgery. This study aimed to assess the postoperative outcomes according to disease location and validated the simple endoscopic score for CD (SES‐CD) to predict disease‐related outcomes.MethodsWe retrospectively assessed medical records of CD patients who underwent ileocolonoscopy within 12 months after surgery at the University of Chicago between 2005 and 2016. We defined patients with postoperative colonic inflammation at the first postoperative ileocolonoscopy or had Montreal classification L2 as colon‐dominant disease and patients without colonic involvement or who had L1 as small intestine (SI)‐dominant disease. The outcomes included clinical and surgical recurrence.ResultsAmong 207 CD patients, 51 (24.6%) and 156 (75.4%) patients had colon‐dominant and SI‐dominant disease, respectively. Patients with colon‐dominant disease had a greater risk of postoperative clinical recurrence compared with those with SI‐dominant disease (P = 0.018). Colon‐dominant disease was a risk of earlier surgical recurrence compared with SI‐dominant disease, although there were no significant differences in the recurrence‐free survivals. SES‐CD > 2 at the first postoperative ileocolonoscopy was a significant risk of clinical recurrence on log‐rank test (P < 0.001) and Cox proportional hazards model (hazard ratio = 2.25; 95% confidence interval = 1.14–4.47; P = 0.020). An SES‐CD of 1 was an appropriate cut‐off to predict the clinical recurrence of SI‐dominant disease, but a higher SES‐CD cut‐off value of 5 was required for colon‐dominant disease.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that SES‐CD predicts postoperative clinical recurrence of CD, regardless of disease location.
Optimization of the saffron compound essence formula and its effect on preventing skin photoaging
Authors: Li Qiaoqiao , Liu Ling , Jiang Shanshan , Xu Zijin , Lin Susu , Tong Yingpeng , Wang Ping 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe main aim of this study was to optimize the formula of saffron compound essence (SCE) and investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of SCE against skin photoaging.Materials and methodsThe formula of SCE was optimized using single factor and orthogonal experiments. The optimized SCE was then applied on the back skin of mice under ultraviolet irradiation. The protective effect and possible mechanism of SCE on skin photoaging were investigated using macroscopic and histological evaluation, skin thickness tests, determination of skin microcirculation, and the skin content determination of type I and III collagen, matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2), and extracellular regulatory protein kinase (ERK1/2) on the skin of each group of photoaging mice model.ResultsThe SCE prepared using the optimal formula was golden yellow, uniform, fine, and viscous. The obtained results in the SCE high dose group indicated that SCE can inhibit the generation of wrinkles, decrease the skin thickness, reduce the microcirculation blood flow of the back skin of mice, alleviate the proliferation and abnormal accumulation of collagen fibers and elastic fibers, increase the content of skin type I and III collagen, up‐regulate the expression MMP‐2 protein, and down‐regulate the expression ERK1/2 protein, when compared with the shave control group.ConclusionThe results obtained in this study have indicated that the optimized SCE has the effect of preventing skin photoaging, and its mechanism may be associated with the ERK1/2 pathway. Therefore, SCE should be regarded as a potential therapeutic agent for preventing photoaging.
Association of preoperative pain beliefs with postoperative pain levels in abdominal surgery patients
Authors: Disceken Fatih Mehmet , Kose Gulsah 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThis study aimed to analyse the association of preoperative pain beliefs with postoperative pain levels in abdominal surgery patients.BackgroundPostoperative pain is related to not only clinical and demographic characteristics but also pain beliefs. The perception, intensity and expression of pain as a subjective experience varies among individuals and cultures. Personal beliefs about pain play an important role in pain experiences and responses.DesignThis cross‐sectional study consisted of 126 abdominal surgery patients admitted to the General Surgery and Gynecological Surgery Clinics between September 2018–January 2019. The STROBE (Strengthening The Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) checklist was used as a guideline for this study.MethodsData were collected through descriptive information forms, pain characteristics questionnaires, Visual Analogue Scales and pain beliefs questionnaires. One‐way variance analysis and Pearson's correlation and t tests were used for data analysis.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 48.63 ± 14.27 years. A total of 37.3% of the participants experienced moderate pain and 35.7% experienced severe pain at the 8th postoperative hour. Pain intensity significantly decreased at 16, 24 and 32 h postoperatively. In the predischarge interviews, 92.1% of the patients expressed limitations in physical activities due to pain. There was a relationship between 8–16 h postoperatively and sex and pain expectancy. Mean scores obtained from the organic and psychological beliefs subscales of the Pain Belief Questionnaire were 3.12 ± 0.79, and 2.37 ± 1.11, respectively. The psychological beliefs score was negatively associated with the level of education, and the organic beliefs score was higher for those participants who had undergone gynaecological surgery. There was a weak and positive correlation between the organic beliefs and psychological beliefs subscales of the Pain Beliefs Questionnaire.ConclusionPatients had moderate to severe postoperative pain, and sex and pain expectations affected the experienced level of pain. Most participants believed that the pain was organic in origin. The level of education exerted a significant impact on pain beliefs.Relevance to clinical practiceCharacteristics and perception of pain and pain beliefs are important factors that should be determined to personalise pain relief care and maintain effective pain management.
Inflammation, fibrosis and skeletal muscle regeneration in LGMDR9 are orchestrated by macrophages
Authors: Kölbel Heike , Preuße Corinna , Brand Lukas , von Moers Arpad , Della Marina Adela , Schuelke Markus , Roos Andreas , Goebel Hans‐Hilmar , Schara‐Schmidt Ulrike , Stenzel Werner 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsVariable degrees of inflammation, necrosis, regeneration and fibrofatty replacement are part of the pathological spectrum of the dystrophic process in alpha dystroglycanopathy LGMDR9 (FKRP‐related, OMIM #607155), one of the most prevailing types of LGMDs worldwide. Inflammatory processes and their complex interplay with vascular, myogenic and mesenchymal cells may have a major impact on disease development. The purpose of our study is to describe the specific immune morphological features in muscle tissue of patients with LGMDR9 to enable a better understanding of the phenotype of muscle damage leading to disease progression.MethodsWe have analysed skeletal muscle biopsies of 17 patients genetically confirmed as having LGMDR9 by histopathological and molecular techniques.ResultsWe identified CD206+ MHC class II+ and STAT6+ immune‐repressed macrophages dominating the endomysial infiltrate in areas of myofibre regeneration and fibrosis. Additionally, PDGFRβ+ pericytes were located around MHC class II+ activated capillaries residing in close proximity to areas of fibrosis and regenerating fibres. Expression of VEGF was found on many regenerating neonatal myosin+ fibres, myofibres and CD206+ macrophages also co‐expressed VEGF.ConclusionOur results show characteristic immune inflammatory features in LGMDR9 and more specifically shed light on the predominant role of macrophages and their function in vascular organisation, fibrosis and myogenesis. Understanding disease‐specific immune phenomena potentially inform about possibilities for anti‐fibrotic and anti‐inflammatory therapeutic strategies, which may complement Ribitol replacement and gene therapies for LGMDR9 that may be available in the future.
Prodromal sensory neuropathy in Pink1−/−SNCAA53T double mutant Parkinson mice
Authors: Valek Lucie , Tran Bao , Wilken‐Schmitz Annett , Trautmann Sandra , Heidler Juliana , Schmid Tobias , Brüne Bernhard , Thomas Dominique , Deller Thomas , Geisslinger Gerd , Auburger Georg , Tegeder Irmgard 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsParkinson's disease (PD) is frequently associated with a prodromal sensory neuropathy manifesting with sensory loss and chronic pain. We have recently shown that PD‐associated sensory neuropathy in patients is associated with high levels of glucosylceramides. Here, we assessed the underlying pathology and mechanisms in Pink1−/−SNCAA53T double mutant mice.MethodsWe studied nociceptive and olfactory behaviour and the neuropathology of dorsal root ganglia (DRGs), including ultrastructure, mitochondrial respiration, transcriptomes, outgrowth and calcium currents of primary neurons, and tissue ceramides and sphingolipids before the onset of a PD‐like disease that spontaneously develops in Pink1−/−SNCAA53T double mutant mice beyond 15 months of age.ResultsSimilar to PD patients, Pink1−/−SNCAA53T mice developed a progressive prodromal sensory neuropathy with a loss of thermal sensitivity starting as early as 4 months of age. In analogy to human plasma, lipid analyses revealed an accumulation of glucosylceramides (GlcCer) in the DRGs and sciatic nerves, which was associated with pathological mitochondria, impairment of mitochondrial respiration, and deregulation of transient receptor potential channels (TRPV and TRPA) at mRNA, protein and functional levels in DRGs. Direct exposure of DRG neurons to GlcCer caused transient hyperexcitability, followed by a premature decline of the viability of sensory neurons cultures upon repeated GlcCer application.ConclusionsThe results suggest that pathological GlcCer contribute to prodromal sensory disease in PD mice via mitochondrial damage and calcium channel hyperexcitability. GlcCer‐associated sensory neuron pathology might be amenable to GlcCer lowering therapeutic strategies.