bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nomograms including the UBC® Rapid test to detect primary bladder cancer based on a multicentre dataset
Authors: Meisl Christina J. , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Einarsson Roland , Koch Stefan , Hallmann Steffen , Weiß Sarah , Hemdan Tammer , Malmström Per‐Uno , Styrke Johan , Sherif Amir , Hasan Mudhar N. , Pichler Renate , Tulchiner Gennadi , Palou Joan , Rodríguez Faba Óscar , Hennenlotter Jörg , Stenzl Arnulf , Ritter René , Niegisch Günter , Grunewald Camilla M. , Schlomm Thorsten , Friedersdorff Frank , Barski Dimitri , Otto Thomas , Gössl Andreas , Arndt Christian , Esuvaranathan Kesavan , Kesavan Nisha R. , Zhijiang Zang , Kramer Mario W. , Hennig Martin J. P. , Ecke Thorsten H. 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesTo evaluate the clinical utility of the urinary bladder cancer antigen test UBC® Rapid for the diagnosis of bladder cancer (BC) and to develop and validate nomograms to identify patients at high risk of primary BC.Patients and MethodsData from 1787 patients from 13 participating centres, who were tested between 2012 and 2020, including 763 patients with BC, were analysed. Urine samples were analysed with the UBC® Rapid test. The nomograms were developed using data from 320 patients and externally validated using data from 274 patients. The diagnostic accuracy of the UBC® Rapid test was evaluated using receiver‐operating characteristic curve analysis. Brier scores and calibration curves were chosen for the validation. Biopsy‐proven BC was predicted using multivariate logistic regression.ResultsThe sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve for the UBC® Rapid test were 46.4%, 75.5% and 0.61 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58–0.64) for low‐grade (LG) BC, and 70.5%, 75.5% and 0.73 (95% CI 0.70–0.76) for high‐grade (HG) BC, respectively. Age, UBC® Rapid test results, smoking status and haematuria were identified as independent predictors of primary BC. After external validation, nomograms based on these predictors resulted in areas under the curve of 0.79 (95% CI 0.72–0.87) and 0.95 (95% CI: 0.92–0.98) for predicting LG‐BC and HG‐BC, respectively, showing excellent calibration associated with a higher net benefit than the UBC® Rapid test alone for low and medium risk levels in decision curve analysis. The R Shiny app allows the results to be explored interactively and can be accessed at www.blucab‐index.net.ConclusionThe UBC® Rapid test alone has limited clinical utility for predicting the presence of BC. However, its combined use with BC risk factors including age, smoking status and haematuria provides a fast, highly accurate and non‐invasive tool for screening patients for primary LG‐BC and especially primary HG‐BC.
Epizoochorous seed dispersal by an Afroalpine savanna primate
Authors: Venkataraman Vivek V. , Miller Carrie , Foxfoot Iris , Lin Bing , Petrie Zack L. , Simberloff Ruth A. , Bernardo Odin , Redon Nathan , Hohn Triana I. , Kerby Jeffrey T. , Nguyen Nga , Fashing Peter J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrimates are prolific dispersers of seeds via endozoochory (i.e., defecation and spitting). In contrast, epizoochorous seed dispersal (i.e., via adhesion to fur) has rarely been observed in primates. On the Guassa Plateau in north‐central Ethiopia, grass‐eating geladas (Theropithecus gelada) regularly carry on their fur the barbed seeds of a commonly eaten plant, a low‐lying herbaceous forb called Agrocharis melanantha [Apiaceae]. Here, we describe the basic ecology of this plant–primate relationship. For 24 months (November 2017–December 2019), we monitored the number and location of A. melanantha seeds on the fur of geladas (n = 225 individuals) from four age‐sex classes: adult males, adult females, juveniles, and infants. Seed accumulation (n = 12649 seeds in total) was seasonal and closely tracked patterns of landscape vegetation phenology, peaking in September near the end of the rainy season. During seasonal periods of heavy seed accumulation, larger animals carried more seeds, which accumulated most often on the hindlimbs and on the long‐haired “cape” (a secondary sexual characteristic) of adult males. Geladas almost never removed seeds during self‐ or social grooming. Rather, data on seed gain and loss from focal follows indicate that geladas gain and lose seeds every few minutes as they walk and sit in an upright feeding position amidst terrestrial vegetation. We estimate that, on average, geladas disperse seeds roughly 80 m from their parent plants. Geladas appear to exert negative and positive fitness impacts on A. melanantha by regularly consuming its herbaceous and underground tissues and dispersing its seeds.Abstract in Amharic is available with online material.
Commentary: Three tasks for eco‐anxiety research – a commentary on Thompson et al. (2021)
Authors: Pihkala Panu 
Published: December 2021

Based on years of interdisciplinary research about eco‐anxiety, the author discusses here the new research article by Thompson et al. (2021) and depicts three major challenges for eco‐anxiety research. The first challenge is the multifaceted character of anxiety. Eco‐anxiety is related to both motivation and distress, as the results of Thompson et al. (2021) also show. The second challenge is the need to know about the coping skills of the person and the social group, when eco‐anxiety is measured and especially if its relation to pro‐environmental behaviour is studied. There may be high distress, but still the person or group may be able to cope constructively. The third challenge is to integrate knowledge about emotional skills in this kind of research. The author discusses the item related to crying about climate change in recent measures of climate anxiety (Clayton & Karazsia 2020) and links this discussion about coping with the results of Thompson et al. (2021). The new article brings important empirical evidence about the complexity of eco‐anxiety, even while the data is limited.
Spawning strategies ofGalaxias gollumoidesMcDowall and Chadderton (Gollum galaxias) from wetland and stream habitats
Authors: Dunn Nicholas R. , O'Brien Leanne K. , Closs Gerard P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGalaxias gollumoidesMcDowall and Chadderton occurs in contrasting hydrological environments across Southland and Stewart Island, New Zealand. Our study experimentally investigated intraspecific variation inG. gollumoidesfrom wetland and stream habitats, testing for phenotypic divergence in spawning substrate choice, and that spawning timing is influenced by the proximate hydrological and meteorological environments. Wetland and streamG. gollumoidesdisplayed intraspecific behavioural divergence, utilising contrasting spawning substrates across multiple tanks, even when held in common experimental conditions.Galaxias gollumoidesdisplayed intraspecific spawning timing differences with wetland‐sourcedG. gollumoidesspawning earlier than stream‐sourcedG. gollumoides. Spawning also occurred significantly more often during peaks of warmer mean daily water temperature and barometric pressure, than during colder temperature, low‐pressure periods. Interannual variation in initial spawning timing was also attributed to differences in water temperature. In combination, experimental evidence‐ and field‐based observations support our hypothesis thatG. gollumoidescan utilise available substrates in habitats of contrasting hydrology and structure, while spawning timing is controlled by changes in proximate environmental conditions. These characteristics may enhance a population's recruitment success and the species persistence in the fluctuating hydrological environments of ephemeral wetlands and tributary streams that were once likely widespread in Southland.
Are male meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) influenced by social odor context with regard to scent marking behaviors?
Authors: Scauzillo Ryan C. , Ferkin Michael H. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMeadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) rely on olfactory communication, such as scent marking, to find and secure mating opportunities during the breeding season. Scent marks, and odors in general, provide information about the donors and persist in the environment for extended periods, allowing a wide audience. Whether a vole responds to another scent mark(s), or odor(s), depends on the social context and the information the odor provides about the donor(s). Therefore, we examined if male scent marking toward a social odor or female meadow voles is influenced by information present or previously encountered based on contextual differences in the social odor. We presented males with two odor associations of a male with a female with contextual differences in the age of the rival. We tested male scent marking under two conditions: one with two social odors present, current information, and a second with the females present from previously encountered social information, prior information. It was found that rival male age did not affect the scent marking behavior of males toward a social odor or female voles. Rival male age also did not affect preference as males did not show a preference for either female. The lack of an effect may lie in the properties of scent marks and the natural history of meadow voles during the breeding season. The odor of an individual rival may not represent a strong enough competitive threat to influence a signaler's decisions, but the association could still provide the signaler with valuable information about which females are considered high quality.
Performance auditing in the public sector: A systematic literature review and future research avenues
Authors: Rana Tarek , Steccolini Ileana , Bracci Enrico , Mihret Dessalegn Getie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPerformance auditing (PA) has undergone relevant evolutions in recent decades, attracting considerable interest from academics and practitioners alike, in terms of its emergence, evolution, transformation, and outcomes in various international contexts. Through a systematic review of the literature published over the past five decades, totaling 125 papers, this study maps the existing knowledge on PA and recommends avenues for future research. Based on the analysis of the selected articles, the paper identifies and discusses the main themes emerging from the literature, including the scope and evolution of PA; the two faces of PA (accountability and performance improvement); the tensions and contradictions of influence and independence of PA; and unintended consequences and conflicts of PA. Considering the synthesis of the literature and current issues in public administration, the paper highlights themes that warrant further research, including the PA implications of digitalization and emerging technologies, the potential for widening accountability, PA's connections with media, and the relevance of PA in a risk management perspective. The paper also offers insights into the potential of international and comparative approaches to research on PA issues.
Building long‐term family resilience through universal prevention: 10‐year parent and child outcomes during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Feinberg Mark E. , Gedaly Lindsey , Mogle Jacqueline , Hostetler Michelle L. , Cifelli Joseph A. , Tornello Samantha L. , Lee Jin‐Kyung , Jones Damon E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs the COVID‐19 pandemic has been highly stressful for parents and children, it is clear that strategies that promote long‐term family resilience are needed to protect families in future crises. One such strategy, the Family Foundations program, is focused on promoting supportive coparenting at the transition to parenthood. In a randomized trial, we tested the long‐term intervention effects of Family Foundations on parent, child, and family well‐being one to two months after the imposition of a national shelter‐in‐place public health intervention in 2020. We used regression models to test intervention impact on outcomes reported on by parents in a standard questionnaire format and a series of 8 days of daily reports. We also tested moderation of intervention impact by parent depression and coparenting relationship quality. Relative to control families, intervention families demonstrated significantly lower levels of individual and family problems (general parent hostility, harsh and aggressive parenting, coparenting conflict, sibling relationship conflict, and children's negative mood and behavior problems), and higher levels of positive family relationship quality (positive parenting, couple relationship quality, sibling relations, and family cohesion). For some outcomes, including coparenting conflict, harsh parenting, and child behavior problems, intervention effects were larger for more vulnerable families—that is, families with higher pre‐pandemic levels of parent depression or lower levels of coparenting relationship quality. We conclude that targeted family prevention programming is able to promote healthy parent and child functioning during unforeseen future periods of acute stress. The long‐term benefits of a universal approach to family support at the transition to parenthood indicate the need for greater investment in the dissemination of effective approaches.
Parental worry about children: Scale development and validation among Chinese parents of preschool children
Authors: Zhou Siyu , Li Xiaowei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChinese parents tend to exhibit a high level of worry about their children during the preschool years, which may adversely influence children's mental health. Few studies have investigated the content and intensity of parental worry about children among Chinese parents of preschool children. This study developed and validated the Parental Worry About Children Scale (PWCS) for Chinese parents of preschool children. A pool of 70 items was created after an open‐ended questionnaire survey of 1069 Chinese parents of preschool children and an Internet‐content analysis, followed by an assessment for content validity by eight experts. Exploratory factor analysis was then conducted with 680 Chinese parents of preschool children, resulting in the formal PWCS consisting of 40 items in four dimensions: physical well‐being, psychological well‐being, learning/living abilities, and future/uncertain risks. With a sample of 1548 Chinese parents of preschool children, the PWCS demonstrated good structural validity, internal consistency reliability, measure invariance across mothers and fathers, and criterion‐related validity. The PWCS may help elucidate the characteristics and antecedents of parental worry about children and the mechanisms underlying its influence on children's mental health in the Chinese context. In clinical practice, this new instrument may facilitate the emergence of effective intervention strategies for alleviating parental worry about children and its negative impact on children's mental health.
Indentation and abrasion in glass products: Lessons learned and yet to be learned
Authors: Varshneya Arun K. , Macrelli Guglielmo , Yoshida Satoshi , Kim Seong H. , Ogrinc Andrew L. , Mauro John C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGlass has provided many life‐changing products over the past millennia to improve the quality of human living. In this “International Year of Glass 2022” paper, we review the applied science and technology of indentation and abrasion damage in glass, highlighting its practical importance for commercial products. We briefly review what has already been learned from the several hundred high‐quality publications on this topic. Though glass products have hard surfaces, indents, and abrasion arise upon contact with other glass and materials during manufacturing, transportation, subsequent user handling, and vandalism. The mechanical response of glass to impact is elastic–plastic, which generates several modes of cracks upon indentation. The science of deformations and stress generation is discussed in terms of theories by Hertz, Boussinesq, and Yoffe. The hydrostatic and shear yield strengths of the glass are suggested to be the more important parameters that govern hardness. Commercial opportunities for repairing or reducing damage from indents, particularly using diamond‐like carbon coatings, are briefly discussed. Finally, challenges that lie ahead for a sustainable future of the Earth with increased commercial utility of beautiful glass products from increased damage resistance are outlined with emphasis on network topological principles and hard coatings.
Formation of acrylamide in microwave‐roasted sorghum and associated dietary risk
Authors: Sharanagat Vijay Singh , Nema Prabhat K. , Singh Lochan , Kumar Ankur 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe effect of microwave roasting parameters (300, 450 and 600 W; 5, 10 and 15 min) on acrylamide content in sorghum grain was determined using High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)‐photo diode array (PDA) detector coupled with C‐18 column. Samples roasted at 300 and 450 W did not possess acrylamide, whereas 600 W (15 min) favoured formation of 2740.19 µg/kg of acrylamide, levels far exceeding the defined European Union (EU) limits. The chronic daily intake (CDI) for acrylamide through consumption of such grain flour was 3.25–9.5‐fold higher to Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) defined high exposure limits. The margin of exposure (MOE) values ranged from 4.3 to 12.76 and from 11.07 to 32.27 for neoplastic and neurological effects, respectively, demonstrating high exposure and serious health concerns associated with dietary intake of this toxicant. This study assesses the risk for the Indian population and highlights the importance of optimising process parameters for food product to minimise such exposure risks.
Familial risk and heritability of intellectual disability: a population‐based cohort study in Sweden
Authors: Lichtenstein Paul , Tideman Magnus , Sullivan Patrick F. , Serlachius Eva , Larsson Henrik , Kuja‐Halkola Ralf , Butwicka Agnieszka 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundIntellectual disability (ID) aggregates in families, but factors affecting individual risk and heritability estimates remain unknown.MethodsA population‐based family cohort study of 4,165,785 individuals born 1973–2013 in Sweden, including 37,787 ID individuals and their relatives. The relative risks (RR) of ID with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were obtained from stratified Cox proportional‐hazards models. Relatives of ID individuals were compared to relatives of unaffected individuals. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate heritability.ResultsRelatives of ID individuals were at increased risk of ID compared to individuals with unaffected relatives. The RR of ID among relatives increased proportionally to the degree of genetic relatedness with ID probands; 256.70(95% CI 161.30–408.53) for monozygotic twins, 16.47(13.32–20.38) for parents, 14.88(12.19–18.16) for children, 7.04(4.67–10.61) for dizygotic twins, 8.38(7.97–8.83) for full siblings, 4.56(4.02–5.16) for maternal, 2.90(2.49–3.37) for paternal half‐siblings, 3.03(2.61–3.50) for nephews/nieces, 2.84(2.45–3.29) for uncles/aunts, and 2.04(1.91–2.20) for cousins. Lower RRs were observed for siblings of probands with chromosomal abnormalities (RR 5.53, 4.74–6.46) and more severe ID (mild RR 9.15, 8.55–9.78, moderate RR 8.13, 7.28–9.08, severe RR 6.80, 5.74–8.07, and profound RR 5.88, 4.52–7.65). Male sex of relative and maternal line of relationship with proband was related to higher risk (RR 1.33, 1.25–1.41 for brothers vs. sisters and RR 1.49, 1.34–1.68 for maternal vs. paternal half‐siblings). ID was substantially heritable with 0.95(95% CI 0.93–0.98) of the variance in liability attributed to genetic influences.ConclusionsThe risk estimates will benefit researchers, clinicians, families in understanding the risk of ID in the family and the whole population. The higher risk of ID related to male sex and maternal linage will be of value for planning and interpreting etiological studies in ID.
Evidence from automixis with inverted meiosis for the maintenance of sex by loss of complementation
Authors: Archetti Marco 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe adaptive value of sexual reproduction is still debated. A short‐term disadvantage of asexual reproduction is loss of heterozygosity, which leads to the unmasking of recessive deleterious mutations. The cost of this loss of complementation is predicted to be higher than the twofold cost of meiosis for most types of asexual reproduction. Automixis with terminal fusion of sister nuclei is especially vulnerable to the effect of loss of complementation. It is found, however, in some taxa including oribatid mites, the most prominent group of ancient asexuals. Here, I show that automixis with terminal fusion is stable if it is associated with inverted meiosis and that this appears to be the case in nature, notably in oribatid mites. The existence of automixis with terminal fusion, and its co‐occurrence with inverted meiosis, therefore, is consistent with the hypothesis that loss of complementation is important in the evolution of sexual reproduction.
Variability in early development and growth of Great Lakes burbot: developmental patterns in cultured and wild‐caught larval burbot
Authors: Ritz Thornton A. , Leonard Jill B.K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThroughout the Great Lakes, burbot Lota lota are a native, high‐trophic level predator that plays a substantial ecological role. L. lota spawning occurs during wintertime and early spring with length‐at‐hatch of 3 mm. Wild‐caught larval L. lota were obtained from three different locations: Lake Superior Keweenaw Peninsula, Ontonagon, Michigan (LSKP), Lake Michigan Midlake Reef (LMMR) and the St. Clair‐Detroit River System (SCDR). Adult spawning L. lota were captured from the Sturgeon River, Pelkie, Michigan (LSSR) and were artificially fertilized; eggs were retained and reared in a laboratory setting. Throughout the first 10 weeks of development, cultured larval L .lota were randomly selected and photographed to measure morphological features. These features were contrasted between cultured larvae and wild‐caught larvae to understand developmental variability in L. lota. From patterns discerned in both cultured and wild‐caught larval L. lota we demonstrated the importance of asynchronous hatching, source location, and variability in larval L. lota development. Comparisons of wild‐caught larval L. lota showed morphological differences, as well as variability in stage and size based on sampling month. These results established that larval L. lota development in the Great Lakes is highly flexible and both species‐specific and environmental processes create the observed variability. The impact of this variability on L. lota populations must be explored to further understand this native Great Lakes species.