bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on Data Recorder of Sample Return Missions Against High Overload
Authors: Liu Xinjun , Shen Na , Zhang Xiangjin , Yue Yajun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we present the design and implementation of an ARM-based data storage system tailored to meet the extensive data acquisition, storage, and hard landing recovery requirements of aerospace sampling and return missions. The system employs the STM32 as the primary control chip and utilizes the RS422 interface to transmit two analog signals and one image data signal. Data is stored on an eMMC chip via the eMMC 5.1 protocol. Additionally, composite buffer materials were used for protection. The mechanical casing of the data recorder was simulated using the finite element software ANSYS, and its overload resistance was validated through Machete hammer impact test. Experimental results demonstrate that the system can achieve reliable data storage at 10 Mb/s, withstand overload accelerations exceeding 4000g. Experiments have demonstrated that the system operates without packet loss or bit errors, providing a solution for high-reliability, high-speed, large-capacity, and compact data storage in the high-overload environments of aerospace sampling and return missions.
A study of the kinematic response of launch vehicle subjected to a far-field blast impact
Authors: Yu Wenxin , Liu Songhan , Liu Zhipeng , Wang Yongxiang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The launch vehicle is exposed to a far-field blast wave, leading to shock displacement and attitude change, thereby posing the risk of losing its launch condition. To analyze the motion response of the launch vehicle under blast wave load, simulations are conducted based on the results of shock experiments from the shock tube. Comparing the experiment with the simulation results reveals that utilizing an equal impulse triangular wave load instead of a blast wave load can also yield relatively correct outcomes. Furthermore, by employing dimensional analysis, a similarity relationship between blast wave load and the motion response of the launch vehicle is established. The study summarizes the effects of blast wave pressure and action time on the displacement, velocity, and acceleration of the launch vehicle. Finally, the similarity law is verified through simulation. Under conditions of geometric and physical similarity, the kinematic quantities of the original size model can be predicted through the calculation of the small model of the launch vehicle. This holds significant value for research on the kinematic response of launch vehicles when exposed to explosion blast waves and related engineering applications.
Design of laser pyrotechnic device for insensitive ammunition
Authors: Cao Chunqiang , Ma Jianwei , Chen Jianhua , He Aifeng , Zheng Wei , Li Yan , Yin Guofu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the design method of a laser pyrotechnics system for insensitive ammunition is introduced. The functional architecture, product structure and electromagnetic protection of the semiconductor laser included in the system are designed. At the same time, the principle, structure, function and advantages of the optical safety components of the magneto-optic switch are introduced in detail, and a blunt laser ignition tube is developed, the composition and charge of the explosive are described, and the slow roasting performance of the laser ignition tube is deeply studied. The research done in this paper can effectively improve the performance of the laser fire engineering system in the aspects of safety, reliability and electromagnetic environment adaptability, so as to develop a laser ignition system prototype with strong electromagnetic interference resistance and meet the requirements of insensitive ammunition, which has important military application significance.
Experimental study on the ignition mechanism of fuel tanks impacted by reactive material fragment
Authors: Peng M C , Li X D , Ji Y Z Y 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Fuel tanks are vital components in military assets, such as aircraft and vehicles, where they play a crucial role in operational safety and functionality. High-velocity impacts from fragments pose significant risks, potentially causing ignition and catastrophic damage. To understand the ignition mechanisms under such extreme conditions, a series of ballistic impact experiments were conducted using tungsten-zirconium (W/Zr) alloy fragments. These experiments simulated impacts on the ullage of a fuel tank made of a 2 mm thick aluminium plate. The experiments revealed that W/Zr alloy fragments create distinct perforations in the fuel tank plates. On the front plate, the fragments produced circular holes matching their diameters. However, on the rear plate, the fragments generated much larger, petal-shaped perforations, approximately three times their diameters. Additionally, the study identified a critical ignition velocity for these impacts. When W/Zr alloy fragments impacted the fuel tank at velocities exceeding 866.9 m/s, consistent ignition was observed. As the impact velocity increased further, the intensity of ignition within the fuel tank intensified. Moreover, the location of the ignition shifted progressively from the rear plate towards the front plate, indicating a complex interaction between fragment velocity and fuel tank response.
Assessment of the lethal effect of a 500 kg deep-earth penetrating warhead striking underground confined space
Authors: Li Yin , Deng Guoqiang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
As a priority military facility, underground constructions are high-value targets for earth-penetrating warheads. The lethal effect is different from that of open areas due to the confined internal space. In this study, numerical simulation and theoretical calculation are used to quantitatively and comparatively evaluate the performance of a 500-kg deep earth penetrating warhead charged with TNT, PBXN-109, and AFX-757 in a specific underground fortification. This evaluation considers the lethality of the shock wave, thermal effects, and case fragments, and the experimental data verify the reliability of the simulation results. Additionally, a three-segment simplified model is used to analyse the percentage of detonation energy for each segment and the main fragments generation ratio of the 500-kg deep earth penetrating warhead’s case. The results show that, for the shock wave, the overpressure peak at the same distance from the detonation centre is up to 7 times higher due to wall reflections, and AFX-757 has the most significant shockwave effect. For the thermal effect, AFX-757 has the highest burst temperature, followed by PBXN-109. The high temperature in the confined space lasts longer, and the damage caused by thermal effects cannot be ignored. For fragments, theoretical calculations and numerical simulations were used to determine the proportion of detonation energy in each part of the case. It was concluded that for high-velocity deep penetration warheads, the fragments generated are mainly concentrated in the middle cylindrical section. The results of this study can provide guidance for the design of earth-penetrating warheads, the damage assessment of confined space, and the designation of engineering protection standards.
Preliminary findings from experimental study on blast performance of steel-concrete composite columns
Authors: Foglar Marek , Hájek Radek , Šulc Vojtěch , Čítek David , Čítek Adam 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The use of steel-concrete composites in blast resistance has gained importance in the recent years, since concrete is not able to resist higher explosive charges. The authors have designed an experimental device to test steel-concrete composite columns subjected simultaneously to axial and blast loading. The experimental device in a shape of a closed steel frame allows to test plain steel columns, composite steel-concrete columns and composite steel-using ultra-high performance fiber-concrete (UHPFRC) columns. The specimen is loaded with 800f of explosive charge while subjected to axial compressive loading. The response of the specimen is acquired using photonic-doppler velocimetry (PDV). The paper presents preliminary results from the first run of the experiment documenting the benefits of composite action on blast resistance of the tested columns. The use of UHPFRC also showed its beneficial effects.
This paper presents preliminary findings from the experimental program.
Numerical simulation on the effect of casing material on the bullet impact resistance of solid propellant
Authors: Li M Y , Yu W , Wang J 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The safety of solid rocket motors under ballistic impact is significant during the working life. To compare the impact response of propellant surrounded by different shell material, D406A steel plate, carbon-fibre laminate and aramid-fibre laminate, are selected to cover the surface of the propellant as protection shell. The numerical simulation model is established for the three combined specimens, and the bullet impact response process is numerically simulated using LS-DYNA software. The simulation results show that the protection performance of the three materials are aramid fibre casing, carbon fibre casing and D406A steel casing in descending order. The steel shell is stronger than the fibre shell, but it is more likely to make the propellant react violently under the influence of the shock wave. The numerical findings in this study may benefit the propellant protection casing design.
Comparative Study on Damage Effects of Penetration-Explosive and Prefabricated-Hole Explosive Modes on Airport Runway
Authors: Rui Li , Guifeng Liu , Wanqian Yu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Based on the LS-DYNA, a numerical simulation model for warhead penetration-explosive and Prefabricated-Hole explosive airport runway was established, and the characteristic of damage airport runway was analysed. The result shows: when the detonation depth W/d from 1.0 to 25.0, the area of the runway damaged by the prefabricated-hole explosive of the warhead first increases and then decreases. At W/d = 15, the damage area reaches its peak. The damage area of airport runway caused by warhead penetration-explosive increased by 5.12% compared to prefabricated-hole explosive.
Simulation Study on the Damage Characteristics of Semiconductor Bridge Initiators during Penetrating Concrete
Authors: Wang Zhidong , Chai Kangqi , Li Chuntian , Li Lian , Shen Ruiqi , Ye Yinghua , Zhang Wei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The emergence of penetrating warheads poses a great threat to thick concrete targets. Initiators play a crucial role in the reliable and effective damage of penetrating warheads. In order to study the damage characteristics of initiators in penetrating overload environments, this paper uses LS-DYNA finite element numerical simulation software to study the damage characteristics of initiators under penetrating thick concrete conditions. By comparing and analyzing the stress, overload, and structural changes of various components of semiconductor bridge initiators at different stages. The results indicate that the overload experienced by initiators is greater than that experienced by projectiles, and their overload curves are more oscillatory. The internal structure of initiators amplifies the overload, making the penetration overload environment more severe for Initiators. Predicting the vulnerable areas of semiconductor bridge initiators during penetration provides direction for the redesign and reinforcement of initiators in the future.
Analysis of the Forming Law of Explosive Formed Projectile by Charge Asymmetry
Authors: Du Hua-chi , Tang Jing , Ren Liang , Liao Yu-gang , Zhou Shuai , Chen Xiao-hui , Liang Shuai 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this study, the influence of charge asymmetry on the forming and deflection characteristics of EFP is studied. The laser high-speed photography photos of asymmetric EFP were taken at typical moments. By establishing a geometric model based on the Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) algorithm, the effects of the coaxial deviation between the charge and the liner, the angle of charge with the liner and projectile axis, and the distance between the charge axis and the projectile axis on the EFP forming were analyzed. In the case of asymmetric charge, the propagation of detonation wave will be asymmetric, which will act on the liner to crush the forming asymmetry, thus leading to the asymmetry of EFP formation. The velocity and compactness of EFP decrease with the increase of the coaxial deviation between the charge and the liner, the angle between the charge with the liner and the projectile axis and the distance between the charge axis and the projectile axis, but the deflection angle and the length-diameter ratio increase with the increase. The order of the factors affecting the asymmetry of EFP forming caused by the asymmetry of the charge is the coaxial deviation between the charge and the liner > the angle between the charge with the liner and the projectile >the distance between the charge axis and the projectile axis. The research results can guide EFP design.
Study on the Overpressure Distribution of Shock Wave Fronts in Rectangular Tunnels
Authors: Luo Dan , Hu Jinsheng , Zhang Mengmeng , Yao Meili , Li Chun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
To address the issue of peak overpressure distribution of shock wave fronts during propagation in rectangular tunnels, three-dimensional simulation models of explosion at the tunnel entrance were established using AUTODYN. The model’s validity was verified through conducted experiments. Initially, a comparative analysis of peak overpressure differences at various positions within the tunnel cross-section was performed. Results indicate that for explosions occurring outside the rectangular tunnel entrance, the shock wave overpressure on the tunnel roof and floor exhibits significant relative deviations. Therefore, measurement points should not be placed at these locations during tunnel shock wave testing but rather near the midpoint of the side walls. Subsequently, the relative average deviation of the peak overpressure of the shock wave front in the tunnel was introduced and calculated to characterize the uniformity of the overpressure distribution of the wave front. Finally, the effects of explosive distance X and explosive mass Q on this deviation were examined. The results indicate that these two factors have different impacts on explosions inside and outside the tunnel entrance. For external explosions, a decrease in X and an increase in Q both increase the relative average deviation and the proportional distance λ required to form a uniform plane wave. In the case of internal explosions, changes in X have negligible effects on the relative average deviation and the position required to form a uniform plane wave, while an increase in Q raises the λ needed to achieve a uniform plane wave. These findings provide significant reference for the accurate characterization of tunnel shock wave loads and the design of related experimental tests.
Numerical simulation on the response of the warhead charge under the impact of two cubic fragments
Authors: Jun-jie Xu , Wen-jin Yao , Yu Zheng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
To study the response law of the warhead charge under the impact of double fragments, the LS-DYNA explicit dynamics simulation software was used to combine the Lee-Tarver ignition growth model to carry out the numerical simulation of the simultaneous impact of the warhead charge with two cubic fragments under different fragmentation distances in the form of horizontal and vertical arrangement. The results show that the JH-2 explosive charge does not have a complete detonation response under ten working conditions, and the pressure value and reactivity of the three observation points inside JH-2 decrease with the increase of distance from the impact area of the two fragments. With the increase of the distance of the two fragments, the mechanism for the impact response of JH-2 was dominated by the co-superposition of the original two fragments, which was transformed into be initiated by a single fragment. Compared with the horizontal arrangement, the vertical arrangement of two fragments is more likely to trigger the detonation of the JH-2 explosive charge. The above simulation results can provide some technical support for the detonation protection of a certain type of 122mm blast-fragmentation warhead.
Influence of lining thickness and impedance on the explosion driving of prefabricated fragments
Authors: Chen Zhao , Zhou Tong , Shi Yu-peng , Guo Xin-qi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Prefabricated fragments may deform or crack during explosion driving process, which is adverse to kinetic energy damage. Setting up lining between explosive charges and prefabricated fragments is considered to be an effective way to prevent the excessive load on fragments. This paper studied the influence of lining thickness and impedance on explosion driving of prefabricated fragments based on LS-DYNA finite element simulation. Steel lining of different thickness between 0∼14mm have been studied, as well as steel liner with Kevlar fiber. Fragments accelerated drive process were analysed from the perspective of energy conversion. The results show that the initial speed of the fragment is mainly affected by the quality of the lining and the fracture radius. The axial deformation of the fragment is positively correlated with the initial impact pressure. Steel-fiber composite lining can reduce the shock wave pressure transmitted though, which significantly reducing the initial pressure on the fragments. Low-impedance Kevlar fiber on the outside of the 4340 steel lining can reduce the initial impact pressure of the fragment by about 75%.
Research on Dynamic Response of Cylindrical Shell Structure Subjected to Underwater Explosion Considering Cavitation
Authors: Bo Yang , Jian He , Ao Zhang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
When the underwater weapon explodes, not only the shock wave and bubble pulsation will cause damage to the ship, but also the collapse of the cavitation area. Firstly, tensile and SHPB tests were designed to investigate the strain rate strengthening effect of 921A steel under high speed impact and fit the C-S constitutive model. Then the finite element method is compared with the classical arithmetic example, and the simulation results coincide with the arithmetic example results. A finite element model of the cylindrical shell structure is established to consider the effects of cavitation effect and the number of impacts on the shock environment. The results show that: Under the action of high-speed impact, 921A steel will produce strain rate strengthening effect, and the parameter D = 78.67, q = 1.95 in the C-S constitutive model, the structural spectral acceleration will increase by 72% when the cavitation effect is taken into account. the damage caused by a single impact is greater when the same amount of multiple impacts is compared with a single impact.
Blast wave propagation characteristics of cylindrical charge under low pressure environment
Authors: Yuhong Yuan , Yinsheng Huang , Ye Zhong , Rui Li , Quan Wang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
To address the problem of the influence of low pressure environment on the propagation of blast wave in cylindrical charges, the effects of different low pressures, aspect ratios, and azimuth angles on the peak overpressure and specific impulse of blast wave were investigated using AUTODYN finite element software. The influences of different levels of low pressure, aspect ratios, and azimuth angles on the peak overpressure and impulse of the explosive shock wave were investigated. The results indicate that the critical proportional distance for the peak overpressure of the shock wave in the region where the azimuth angle θ is less than or equal to 22.5° increases as the ambient pressure decreases and decreases as the aspect ratio of the charge increases. The influence of charge aspect ratio on the critical distance of peak overpressure in the region of θ > 22.5° is relatively small, and it increases linearly with the decrease of environmental pressure. As the environmental pressure decreases, the propagation distance required for the cylindrical charge blast wave to evolve into a spherical blast wave increases. The influence of charge shape on specific impulse is smaller than that on peak overpressure of blast wave. In explosion-proof design practices, it is recommended to prioritize the evaluation of the impact of blast wave overpressure.
Influence of Medium on Formation Effect and Perforation Performance of Annular Shaped Charge
Authors: Zhang Shenhe , Yang Shuxin , Wang Longkan , Gan Ning , Chen Longhui , Zhang Zhifan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
With the continuous development of the protective structures and the upgrading of blast mitigation materials, traditional shaped charge warheads are gradually difficult to cause effective damage to heavily armoured ships. To improve the penetration capability of the warhead and achieve large aperture damage to the structures, Annular Shaped Charge (ASC) with unique geometric structure is proposed and applied. In order to investigate the damage effect of the ASC on thin-walled structures with near-field explosion, a series of numerical calculations are carried out based on the Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) method. The influence of the standoff distance on the penetration performance of the ASC is analysed, and the optimal standoff distance is also obtained. Moreover, the influence of medium on the penetration ability of the ASC is explored. The process of jet formation and penetration of the ASC in air medium, water medium and water with an air cavity are compared and analysed. The results show that water not only limits the formation effect of the ASC, but also significantly reduces the jet tip velocity. Accordingly, an air cavity is added in front of the liner to improve the formation effect of the ASC. As a result, both the formation effect and the penetration ability of the ASC in water are significantly improved, and the radius of the penetration hole is greatly increased.
Analysis of influencing factors on mechanical properties of rocket sled
Authors: Zhao Xiangwei , Hao Fenfen , Xie Linqing , Wang Tao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
As rocket sleds advance towards hypersonic velocities, the analysis of the rocket sled mechanical environment becomes particularly important. To investigate the factors influencing this environment, provide a theoretical foundation for the new generation of rocket sleds, an Euler-Bernoulli beam element approach was employed to discretize a case study rocket sled, thereby obtaining its stiffness and mass matrices. Subsequently, the in-rail vibration equations of the rocket sled, incorporating nonlinear shoe-rail contact forces, were solved in the time domain using a central difference method, with the resulting in-rail mechanical responses validated against actual measurement data to confirm the accuracy of the algorithm. Based on these analyses, the effects of shoe-rail gap, rail irregularities, and aerodynamic loads on mechanical environment of the rocket sled were examined. Focusing on the root mean square (RMS) value of the sled’s centroidal vibration as the subject of study, the findings revealed that an increase in the shoe-rail gap led to decrease vibrations at the sled’s center of mass. Specifically, when the shoe-rail gap widened from 1mm to 5mm, the RMS value of the vibration dropped by 54%. Furthermore, there was found to be a direct proportionality between the RMS of the centroidal vibration and the level of track irregularity. Additionally, it was observed that the centroidal vibration was minimized when the overall aerodynamic lift was zero.