bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Clinical Nomogram for Predicting Lymph Node Metastasis in Penile Cancer: A SEER-Based Study
Authors: Zhang Wei , Gao Pan , Gao Jingjing , Wu Xu , Liu Guodong , Zhang Xiansheng 
Published: March 2021

Purpose:We developed a nomogram to predict the possibility of lymph node metastasis in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis.Methods:Identifying patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis diagnosed between 2004 and 2015 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out by logistic regression to assess significant predictors associated with lymph node metastasis. A nomogram was established and validated by a calibration plot and receptor operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis.Results:A total of 1,016 patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma (SCCP) were enrolled in this study. One hundred and ninety-five patients (19%) had lymph node involvement (N1-3). Multivariate analysis showed that age, primary tumor site, grade, tumor size, and T stage were identified as being significantly (p&lt; 0.05) associated with lymph node involvement. All the above factors that showed a statistically significant predictive capability were selected for building the nomogram. This model had a calibration slope of 0.9 and a c-index of 0.776, indicating the good discrimination and effectiveness of the nomogram in predicting lymph node status.Conclusion:Although the prediction model has some limitations, the nomogram revealed the relationship between the clinicopathological characteristics of SCCP patients and the risk of lymph node metastasis. This tool will assist patients in counseling and guide treatment decisions for SCCP patients.
Grade G2 Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumor Is Much More Invasive Compared With G1 Tumor
Authors: Li Yi-Wei , He Yi-Ping , Liu Fang-Qi , Peng Jun-Jie , Cai San-Jun , Xu Ye , Wang Ming-He 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundTo compare clinicopathologic feature of rectal neuroendocrine tumor (NET) grade G1 with G2 NET.MethodsSix hundred-one cases of rectal G1 and G2 NETs diagnosed in our center were analyzed.ResultsOf 601 cases of rectal NET, 515 cases were with grade G1 and 86 cases were with grade G2. Median tumor size was 0.7 cm. Compared with G1 NET, G2 tumors were with significantly larger tumor size (0.8 vs 2.2 cm, p &lt; 0.001), less percentages of patients with tumors confined to submucosa (92.6 vs 42.8%, p &lt; 0.001), more frequent presence of microvascular invasion (MVI) (3.6 vs 16.9%, p &lt; 0.001) or peri-neural invasion (PNI) (2.0 vs 24.1%, p &lt; 0.001). Incidence of lymph node and distant metastasis was 5.2 and 2.1% in G1 NET compared with 44.2 and 31.4% in G2 tumor, respectively (p &lt; 0.001). For tumors sized 1–2 cm and confined to submucosa, incidence of lymph node metastasis was 6.1% for G1 NET compared with 21.1% for G2 NET. Status of MVI/PNI was predictive of lymph node metastasis for G2 tumor rather than G1 NET in this subgroup.ConclusionsRectal G2 NET was much more invasive with significantly elevated prevalence of lymph node metastasis compared with G1 tumor.
Cord Blood Cytokine Levels Correlate With Types of Placental Pathology in Extremely Preterm Infants
Authors: Zein Hussein , Mohammad Khorshid , Leijser Lara M. , Brundler Marie-Anne , Kirton Adam , Esser Michael J. 
Published: March 2021

Background:Placental abnormalities are associated with inflammation and have been linked to brain injury in preterm infants. We studied the relationship between placental pathology and the temporal profiles of cytokine levels in extremely pre-term infants.Study Design:We prospectively enrolled 55 extremely preterm infants born between June 2017 and July 2018. Levels of 27 cytokines were measured in blood drawn from the umbilical artery at birth and from infants at 1–3 and 21–28 days of life. Placental pathology was grouped as normal (N), inflammation (I), vasculopathy (V), or combined vasculopathy and inflammation (V+I).Results:Complete data was available from 42 patients. Cord blood median levels of cytokines differed between groups with the highest levels observed in group V+I as compared to groups N, I and V for the following: Eotaxin (p= 0.038), G-CSF (p= 0.023), IFN-γ (p= 0.002), IL-1ra (p&lt; 0.001), IL-4 (p= 0.005), IL-8 (p= 0.010), MCP-1 (p= 0.011), and TNFα (p= 0.002).Post-hocanalysis revealed sex differences between and within the placental pathology groups.Conclusion:Specific types of placental pathology may be associated with differential cytokine profiles in extremely pre-term infants. Sampling from cord blood may help assess the pathological status of the placenta and potentially infer outcome risks for the infant.
Preliminary Experience With the New Amplatzer™ Trevisio™ Delivery System in Transcatheter Atrial Septal Defect Closures in Children
Authors: Haddad Raymond N. , Khraiche Diala , Bonnet Damien , Meot Mathilde , Malekzadeh-Milani Sophie 
Published: March 2021

Objectives: To evaluate safety, efficacy, and technical advantages of Amplatzer™ Trevisio™ intravascular delivery system (ATIDS) in percutaneous atrial septal defect (ASD) closure in children.Background: The Trevisio™ is a novel delivery system designed for accurate and facilitated implantation of Amplatzer™ devices. There are no published clinical reports so far.Methods: During September 2020, 9 children with anatomically challenging ASDs underwent attempted transcatheter closure using ATIDS to deliver Amplatzer™ Septal occluders (ASO). All interventions were performed under general anesthesia, trans-esophageal echocardiography (TOE), and fluoroscopic guidance. Standard safety, immediate, and 60-days outcomes were prospectively assessed.Results: The median age was 8.1 (5.1–16.9) years and the median bodyweight was 30 (18–63) kg. Six patients had isolated secundum-type ASDs with absent anterosuperior rims including one with an aneurysmal septum. Three patients had unclassical defects associated with complex congenital heart anomalies. Eight devices were delivered from the femoral vein and the jugular vein was accessed in one patient with interrupted inferior caval vein and azygos continuation. All implantations were successful. The shape, position, and orientation of the ASO were identical before and after release on TOE and fluoroscopy. There was no device embolization or serious complication following closure. Complete shunt closure was confirmed on follow-up.Conclusions: We report the first clinical experience with ATIDS in transcatheter ASD pediatric closures. Safety and efficacy were witnessed in our case-series. The major advantage of reduced-tension deployment and reliable precision in device positioning is highly beneficial in challenging anatomies and unusual access.
Proteinuria as a Biomarker for COVID-19 Severity
Authors: Ouahmi Hajar , Courjon Johan , Morand Lucas , François Juliette , Bruckert Vincent , Lombardi Romain , Esnault Vincent , Seitz-Polski Barbara , Demonchy Elisa , Dellamonica Jean , Boyer-Suavet Sonia 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundRenal involvement in syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been retrospectively described, especially acute kidney injury (AKI). However, quantitative proteinuria assessment and its implication in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain unknown.MethodsIn this prospective, multicenter study in France, we collected clinical and biological data including urinary protein to creatine ratio (UPCR) in patients presenting with moderate to severe COVID-19. Clinical outcome was analyzed according to the level of UPCR.Results42/45 patients (93.3%) had renal involvement (abnormal urinary sediment and/or AKI). Significant proteinuria occurred in 60% of patients. Urine protein electrophoresis showed tubular protein excretion in 83.8% of patients with proteinuria. Inflammatory parametersand D-dimer concentrations correlated with proteinuria level. Patients who required intensive care unit (ICU) admission had higher proteinuria (p = 0.008). On multivariate analysis, proteinuria greater than 0.3 g/g was related to a higher prevalence of ICU admission [OR = 4.72, IC95 (1.16–23.21), p = 0.03], acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [OR = 6.89, IC95 (1.41–53.01, p = 0.02)], nosocomial infections [OR = 3.75, IC95 (1.11–13.55), p = 0.03], longer inpatient hospital stay (p = 0.003).ConclusionRenal involvement is common in moderate to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Proteinuria at baseline is an independent risk factor for increased hospitalization duration and ICU admission in patients with COVID-19.
Skeletal Muscle Wasting and Function Impairment in Intensive Care Patients With Severe COVID-19
Authors: Andrade-Junior Mario Chueire de , Salles Isabel Chateaubriand Diniz de , de Brito Christina May Moran , Pastore-Junior Laerte , Righetti Renato Fraga , Yamaguti Wellington Pereira 
Published: March 2021

Background: Intensive care patients commonly develop muscle wasting and functional impairment. However, the role of severe COVID-19 in the magnitude of muscle wasting and functionality in the acute critical disease is unknown.Objective: To perform a prospective characterization to evaluate the skeletal muscle mass and functional performance in intensive care patients with severe COVID-19.Methods: Thirty-two critically ill patients (93.8% male; age: 64.1 ± 12.6 years) with the diagnosis of the severe COVID-19 were prospectively recruited within 24 to 72 h following intensive care unit (ICU) admission, from April 2020 to October 2020, at Hospital Sírio-Libanês in Brazil. Patients were recruited if older than 18 years old, diagnosis of severe COVID-19 confirmed by RT-PCR, ICU stay and absence of limb amputation. Muscle wasting was determined through an ultrasound measurement of the rectus femoris cross-sectional area, the thickness of the anterior compartment of the quadriceps muscle (rectus femoris and vastus intermedius), and echogenicity. The peripheral muscle strength was assessed with a handgrip test. The functionality parameter was determined through the ICU mobility scale (IMS) and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). All evaluations were performed on days 1 and 10.Results: There were significant reductions in the rectus femoris cross-section area (−30.1% [95% IC, −26.0% to −34.1%]; P &lt; 0.05), thickness of the anterior compartment of the quadriceps muscle (−18.6% [95% IC, −14.6% to 22.5%]; P &lt; 0.05) and handgrip strength (−22.3% [95% IC, 4.7% to 39.9%]; P &lt; 0.05) from days 1 to 10. Patients showed increased mobility (0 [0–5] vs 4.5 [0–8]; P &lt; 0.05), improvement in respiratory function (3 [3–3] vs 2 [1–3]; P &lt; 0.05) and structure respiratory system (3 [3–3] vs 2 [1–3]; P &lt; 0.05), but none of the patients returned to normal levels.Conclusion: In intensive care patients with severe COVID-19, muscle wasting and decreased muscle strength occurred early and rapidly during 10 days of ICU stay with improved mobility and respiratory functions, although they remained below normal levels. These findings may provide insights into skeletal muscle wasting and function in patients with severe COVID-19.
Physical Activity Protects Against the Negative Impact of Coronavirus Fear on Adolescent Mental Health and Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wright Laura J. , Williams Sarah E. , Veldhuijzen van Zanten Jet J. C. S. 
Published: March 2021

Background:The severity of the Coronavirus pandemic has led to lockdowns in different countries to reduce the spread of the infection. These lockdown restrictions are likely to be detrimental to mental health and well-being in adolescents. Physical activity can be beneficial for mental health and well-being; however, research has yet to examine associations between adolescent physical activity and mental health and well-being during lockdown.Purpose:Examine the effects of adolescent perceived Coronavirus prevalence and fear on mental health and well-being and investigate the extent to which physical activity can be a protective factor against these concerns.Methods:During United Kingdom lockdown restrictions, 165 participants (100 female, aged 13–19) completed an online questionnaire assessing perceived Coronavirus prevalence and fear, physical activity, and indicators of mental health and well-being (stress, anxiety, depression, fatigue, vitality, and perceived health). Separate hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses (with age, gender, perceived Coronavirus prevalence, and fear entered in step 1, and physical activity in step 2) were run to predict each well-being outcome.Results:Regression analyses indicated that in general, while Coronavirus fear was a negative predictor, physical activity was a positive and stronger predictor of enhanced mental health and well-being outcomes.Conclusion:Findings suggest that physical activity during the Coronavirus pandemic can counteract the negative effects of Coronavirus fear on adolescent mental health and well-being. Therefore, physical activity should be promoted during lockdown to support good mental health and well-being.
Generic and Flexible Unmanned Sailboat for Innovative Education and World Robotic Sailing Championship
Authors: Yang Shaolong , Liu Chuan , Liu Ya , An Jinxin , Xiang Xianbo 
Published: March 2021

Over the past two decades, scholars developed various unmanned sailboat platforms, but most of them have specialized designs and controllers. Whereas these robotic sailboats have good performance with open-source designs, it is actually hard for interested researchers or fans to follow and make their own sailboats with these open-source designs. Thus, in this paper, a generic and flexible unmanned sailboat platform with easy access to the hardware and software architectures is designed and tested. The commonly used 1-m class RC racing sailboat was employed to install Pixhawk V2.4.8, Arduino Mega 2,560, GPS module M8N, custom-designed wind direction sensor, and wireless 433 Mhz telegram. The widely used open-source hardware modules were selected to keep reliable and low-cost hardware setup to emphasize the generality and feasibility of the unmanned sailboat platform. In software architecture, the Pixhawk V2.4.8 provided reliable states’ feedback. The Arduino Mega 2,560 received estimated states from Pixhawk V2.4.8 and the wind vane sensor, and then controlled servo actuators of rudder and sail using simplified algorithms. Due to the complexity of introducing robot operating system and its packages, we designed a generic but real-time software architecture just using Arduino Mega 2,560. A suitable line-of-sight guidance strategy and PID-based controllers were used to let the autonomous sailboat sail at user-defined waypoints. Field tests validated the sailing performance in facing WRSC challenges. Results of fleet race, station keeping, and area scanning proved that our design and algorithms could control the 1-m class RC sailboat with acceptable accuracy. The proposed design and algorithms contributed to developing educational, low-cost, micro class autonomous sailboats with accessible, generic, and flexible hardware and software. Besides, our sailboat platform also facilitates readers to develop similar sailboats with more focus on their missions.
Kierkegaard’s Construction of the Human Self
Authors: Patios Georgios 
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this article is to analyze Kierkegaard’s philosophical views concerning the problem of the nature of the human self. With the help of a close examination of Kierkegaard’s texts The Concept of Anxiety and The Sickness unto Death, we argue that Kierkegaard “constructs” the human self in a specific way. This way reveals, through the examination by Kierkegaard of “anxiety” and “despair,” three main characteristics of the human self: a) the self is a dynamic process, always “becoming” in time through free will and freedom of choice, b) the human self is always a historical self, so that history is then a direct product of “becoming a self,” and c) the human self, in order to be “whole,” must freely ground itself in a transcendental being (God).
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TERHADAP BERKURANGNYA UMUR RENCANA KONSTRUKSI JALAN HOTMIX DI KABUPATEN TULUNGAGUNG
Authors: Guminto  , Nusa Sebayang  , Maranatha Wijayaningtyas  
Published: March 2021

Ketersediaan Jalan dalam pemenuhan terhadap pencapaian peningkatan perekonomian sebagai bagian sistem transportasi nasional yang mempunyai peranan penting terutama dalam mendukung ekonomi, sosial budaya, lingkungan, politik, serta pertahanan dan keamanan. Dari aspek ekonomi, jalan sebagai modal sosial masyarakat merupakan penghubung di antara proses produksi, pasar dan konsumen akhir yang sampai ke masyarakat. Kwalitas sarana prasaran terpengaruhi oleh owner, konsultan dan kontraktor pada waktu proses pengerjaan. Perjalanan pelaksanaan sangat terpengaruh dengan banyak faktor dilapangan
Berdasarkan uji F secara simultan didapat Fhitung lebih besar dari Ftabel, sehingga seluruh variabel bebas berpengaruh terhadap tidak tercapainya umur rencana jalan hotmix, sedangkan secara parsial (uji t) variabel yang berpengaruh ialah variabel kendaraan (X2), variabel lingkungan (X3) dan variabel kondisi tanah (X7) karena nilai t hitung ˃ t tabel. Faktor yang paling dominan dalam mempengaruhi tidak tercapainya umur rencana jalan hotmix yaitu variabel kendaraan dengan nilai coofisien beta (Koefisien beta adalah nilai prediksi sebuah variabel di dalam model terhadap variabel response) yang paling besar yaitu 0,514 atau 51,40% nilai signifikan 0,013 untuk indikatornya ialah jumlah kendaraan dengan melihat nilai looding faktor tertinggi sebesar 0,627 dan nilai keragamannya 62,70%.
Pola dan Strategi yang digunakan untuk mengatasi tidak tercapainya umur rencana jalan hotmix di Kabupaten Tulungagung adalah dengan menyediakan jembatan timbang untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengetahui tonase kendaraan yang melaului ruas jalan dan memberlakukan kecepatan minimal dan jam tertentu khususnya untuk kendaraan berat; Memperhitungkan dengan cermat dalam menentukan titik tertentu, dan melakukan analisis peta kontur medan; Melakukan test sandcon agar mengetahui gaya geser tanah dan daya dukung tanah yang standard nasional (AISC). Pemeliharaan secara berkala menjadi bagian terpenting dalam umur rencana jalan.
SOBERANÍA Y ESTADO MODERNO
Authors: Seyde Federico 
Published: March 2021

El objetivo central del presente ensayo consiste en reflexionar sobre el origen y evolución del concepto de soberanía destacando la profunda influencia que su desarrollo teórico ejerció sobre el proceso de estructuración política y jurídica del Estado moderno. Para lograr esto se comienza por exponer las características estructurales, económicas y políticas, propias del orden feudal que precedió a laformación de los primeros Estados nacionales, así como la influencia ideológica que el mundo clásico tuvo en la concepción moderna del Estado, nacida en el marco histórico del renacimiento, como corporación territorial centralizada, unitaria y provista de una legitimación inmanente emanada de la comunidad política.Una vez caracterizado el contexto estructural e ideológico que determinó su origen histórico, se analiza la transformación del concepto de soberanía a partir de las principales doctrinas y teorías desarrolladas por los más importantes defensores intelectuales tanto del Estado monárquico absolutista como del Estado democrático liberal. Las ideas centrales con relación a la soberanía expuestas por Nicolás Maquiavelo, Jean Bodin, Thomas Hobbes, Juan Jacobo Rousseau, Emanuel Sieyès y Emanuel Kant son contrastadas a fin de caracterizar el proceso de evolución histórica de un concepto teórico que, con el correr del tiempo, pasó de ser una doctrina filosófica y jurídica centrada en la necesidad estratégica de concentrar el poder político en la institución de la monarquía con la finalidad de unificar y pacificar a las emergentes naciones de Europa occidental; a ser parte nuclear de una teoría general, política y constitucional, del Estado moderno, centrada en la necesidad estratégica de establecer límites institucionales y legales efectivos contra cualquier forma de poder absoluto surgida en el ámbito del gobierno a fin de proteger y garantizar de manera efectiva el pleno ejercicio de los derechos y libertades fundamentales de súbditos y ciudadanos. A lo largo del ensayo se poneespecial énfasis en exponer la forma en que, en el marco de diferentes formas históricas del Estado moderno, el cambiante concepto de soberanía ofreció diferentes respuestas teóricas a los complejos problemas éticos, políticos y jurídicos planteados por el origen, naturaleza, titularidad y legitimidad del poder supremo.
Характеристика порошков, полученных из льняного сырья с использованием метода распылительной сушки
Authors: Миневич Ирина Эдуардовна , Цыганова Татьяна Борисовна , Черных Валерий Яковлевич 
Published: March 2021

В настоящее время производство основных видов продуктов питания, как традиционных, так и функциональных, детского, диетического, специализированного, спортивного питания невозможно без применения технологических и функциональных ингредиентов. Среди большого ряда ингредиентов производство белковых продуктов, пищевых волокон отнесены к приоритетным направлениям для привлечения инвестиций, направленных на точки роста пищевой промышленности в сфере ингредиентов. Источником белка и пищевых волокон являются семена льна. Соотношение аминокислот различной природы в белковом комплексе семян льна обеспечивает его биологическую активность. Протеины льняного семени могут служить белковыми обогатителями для пищевых продуктов. Пищевые волокна семян льна представляют некрахмальные полисахариды, сосредоточенные в их слизевых клетках. По функциональным свойствам они относятся к пищевым добавкам типа гидроколлоидов. Исследование выполнено с целью определения характеристик порошков, произведенных из льняного сырья с использованием распылительной сушки. Объектами исследований служили белковый концентрат и полисахаридный экстракт. Было установлено, что порошки белкового концентрата и полисахаридного экстракта обладали высокими функциональными свойствами, в частности водоудерживающей, жироудерживающей и эмульгирующей способностями, превышающие аналогичные показатели промышленных соевых белковых концентратов. Цветовые характеристики исследуемых образцов соответствовали цветовой гамме от светло-бежевого до бежевого. Белковый концентрат и полисахаридный экстракт имели насыпную плотность (кг/м3) 225 и 251, соответственно. Были оценены характеристики прессования порошков белкового концентрата и полисахаридного экстракта, полученных из льняного сырья. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о предраположенности исследуемых ингредиентов к образованию агломератов и формированию структуры в зависимости от параметров технологических процессов производства пищевых продуктов и могут быть использованы в качестве водо- и жиро-удерживающих агентов, эмульгаторов в пищевых технологиях.