bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Product market fluidity and religious constraints: evidence from the US market
Authors: Anwer Zaheer , Mohamad Shamsher , Azmi Wajahat , Shavkatovich Hasanov Akram 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe use a sample of 5,863 US firms to investigate how religious constraints affect the product market fluidity for Shariah compliant (SC) firms. The study is important as Islamic asset management is emerging as an alternative investment class. We find that SC firms are less exposed to product market threats in relation to Shariah non‐compliant (SNC) firms. They are more competitive in the case of less concentrated markets, lower market share, equity multiplier, market/book assets ratio, experience lower asset growth, and spend little on research and development. Their competitive position is strengthened when their return on assets, sales and retained earnings are lower.
A genome‐wide association study reveals additive and dominance effects on growth and fatness traits in large white pigs
Authors: Yang W. , Wu J. , Yu J. , Zheng X. , Kang H. , Wang Z. , Zhang S. , Zhou L. , Liu J. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThe dominance effect is a kind of non‐additive effect due to the interaction between alleles at the same locus. Quantitative traits such as growth traits in farm animals have been found to be influenced by dominance effects. However, dominance effects are usually ignored in the genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of complex traits for farm animals. In this study, we performed GWAS and genetic parameters estimation for the two traits age at 100 kg (AGE) and backfat thickness at 100 kg (BF) of 3572 Large White pigs. The pigs were from three breeding farms of China and were genotyped by an in‐house designed 50k SNP chip. Our results showed significant non‐zero variance for the dominance effect of AGE, while the dominance effect of BF was not significant. Using a GWAS model accounting for both additive and dominance effects, we identified three additive and two dominance significant SNPs for the trait AGE. For the trait BF, three genome‐wide significant additive SNPs were detected, but no significant SNP was found for the dominance effect. In total, six important functional genes (NPAS3, USP16, PARN, ARL15, GPC3, ABHD4) near significant SNPs were identified as candidate genes associated with AGE or BF. Notably, ARL15 and PARN were associated with AGE near the dominance association signals. Overall, the newly detected SNPs and newly identified candidate genes in our study added new information about the genetic architectures of growth and fatness traits in pigs, and have the potential to be applied to the pig breeding program in the future.
Outcomes of a novel bubble ultra‐wide field viewing system for vitreoretinal surgery
Authors: Pan Qin‐tuo , Gao Zhi‐qiang , Chen Xu‐hao , Yang Zheng‐wei , Huang Sheng‐hai , Hu Xu‐ting , Zheng Jing‐wei , Zhang Zong‐duan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeTo report the clinical outcomes and evaluate the efficacy of a novel bubble ultra‐wide field viewing system for vitreoretinal surgery.DesignProspective, noncomparative, interventional case series.ParticipantsOne hundred and fifty‐one eyes of 146 consecutive patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), vitreous haemorrhage originating from retinal vein occlusion (VH‐RVO), epiretinal membrane (EM), macular hole (MH) or retinal detachment (RD) who underwent vitreoretinal surgery using the bubble ultra‐wide field viewing system were included.MethodsA standard phacoemulsification was performed on each patient. Core humour and mid‐peripheral vitreous humour were removed using a planoconcave lens. A suitably sized bubble was infused to attach to the posterior capsule or the anterior chamber depending on the integrity of the posterior capsule. The planoconcave lens and the air bubble formed the wide‐angle viewing system, through which peripheral vitrectomy was performed.Main Outcome MeasuresRange of applications, field of view, model validation and complications were recorded.ResultsThe new ultra‐wide field viewing system was successfully applied in all eyes, including 34 with PDR, 28 VH‐RVO, 28 EM, 25 MH and 36 RD. Peripheral vitrectomy, local or panretinal laser photocoagulation, and removal of the peripheral proliferative membrane were successfully performed while viewing through this system. Maximum peripheral retinal area observable during the procedure was positively correlated with pupil diameter. Model analysis results showed that when the pupil diameter was 6 mm, the maximum field of view was approximately 128.1‐ 148.0 degrees with this system. Of 142 eyes, the main intraoperative complication was iatrogenic retinal breaks (IRBs) in 8 eyes (5.3%) and posterior capsule injury by vitreous cutter during bubble removal in 6 eyes (4.2%). The postsurgery mean best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (0.48 ± 0.39 logMAR) was significantly improved compared with the preoperative mean BCVA (1.60 ± 1.08 logMAR, p < 0.001). No incidents of postoperative choroidal detachment, secondary glaucoma or endophthalmitis were recorded.ConclusionsFor patients with lens excision or absence, vitreoretinal surgery can be successfully performed using the novel viewing system described here. The system is a safe, convenient and economical ultra‐wide field viewing system with a wide range of applications.
Prediction of anti‐VEGF efficacy in diabetic macular oedema using intraocular cytokines and macular optical coherence tomography
Authors: Mao Jianbo , Zhang Shian , Zheng Zicheng , Deng Xinyi , Liu Chenyi , Chen Yiqi , Zhao Shixin , Zhang Yun , Shen Lijun 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTPurposeIn eyes with diabetic macular oedema (DME), aqueous humour (AH) cytokine levels before and after anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment were compared and correlated with optical coherence tomography structural parameters.MethodsThis prospective study included 56 control patients with cataracts and 83 patients with DME manifesting as diffuse retinal thickening (DRT), cystoid macular oedema and serous retinal detachment (SRD). AH samples were obtained before intravitreal injection of anti‐VEGF or cataract surgery. VEGF, interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, interferon‐inducible protein 10 (IP‐10) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP‐1) levels were measured by multiplex bead assay. AH cytokine levels, central macular thickness (CMT), number of hyper‐reflective foci (HF), continuity of external limiting membrane and ellipsoid zone (EZ) and best‐corrected visual acuity were evaluated.ResultsIn SRD, IL‐6 and MCP‐1 levels and HF were increased (all p < 0.05) compared to DRT. At baseline, the number of HF was correlated with VEGF, IL‐6, IL‐8, IP‐10 and MCP‐1 (all p < 0.05). Eyes sensitive to anti‐VEGF treatment had high baseline levels of VEGF, MCP‐1, HF and many EZ disruptions (all p < 0.05). DME patients with normal VEGF levels but with high levels of IL‐8, IP‐10 and MCP‐1 (all p < 0.05) had little change in CMT after anti‐VEGF treatment (p = 0.678).ConclusionsAH concentrations of some inflammatory cytokines in DME were differentially expressed among the three DME morphologies. HF was associated with VEGF and other inflammatory cytokine levels. Multiple HF at baseline predicted a significant decrease in CMT, and eyes with normal VEGF but increased inflammatory cytokines may be insensitive to anti‐VEGF treatment.
Chemokine C‐C motif ligand 21 synergized with programmed death‐ligand 1 blockade restrains tumor growth
Authors: Chen Qiangda , Yin Hanlin , Pu Ning , Zhang Jicheng , Zhao Guochao , Lou Wenhui , Wu Wenchuan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractProgrammed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) blockade has revolutionized the prognosis of several cancers, but shows a weak effect on pancreatic cancer (PC) due to poor effective immune infiltration. Chemokine C‐C motif ligand 21 (CCL21), a chemokine promoting T cell immunity by recruiting and colocalizing dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells, serves as a potential antitumor agent in many cancers. However, its antitumor response and mechanism combined with PD‐L1 blockade in PC remain unclear. In our study, we found CCL21 played an important role in leukocyte chemotaxis, inflammatory response, and positive regulation of PI3K‐AKT signaling in PC using Metascape and gene set enrichment analysis. The CCL21 level was verified to be positively correlated with infiltration of CD8+ T cells by the CIBERSORT algorithm, but no significant difference in survival was observed in either The Cancer Genome Atlas or the International Cancer Genome Consortium cohort when stratified by CCL21 expression. Additionally, we found the growth rate of allograft tumors was reduced and T cell infiltration was increased, but tumor PD‐L1 abundance elevated simultaneously in the CCL21‐overexpressed tumors. Then, CCL21 was further verified to increase tumor PD‐L1 level through the AKT‐glycogen synthase kinase‐3β axis in human PC cells, which partly impaired the antitumor T cell immunity. Finally, the combination of CCL21 and PD‐L1 blockade showed superior synergistic tumor suppression in vitro and in vivo. Together, our findings suggested that CCL21 in combination with PD‐L1 blockade might be an efficient and promising option for the treatment of PC.
Reasons for hospitalizations in patients with type 2 diabetes in the CANVAS programme: A secondary analysis
Authors: Feng Kent Y. , Li JingWei , Ianus Juliana , de Zeeuw Dick , Fulcher Greg R. , Pfeifer Michael , Matthews David R. , Jardine Meg J. , Perkovic Vlado , Neal Bruce , Mahaffey Kenneth W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo determine the reasons for hospitalizations in the CANagliflozin cardioVascular Assessment Study (CANVAS) programme and the effects of the sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor canagliflozin on hospitalization.Materials and MethodsA secondary analysis was performed on the CANVAS programme that included 10 142 participants with type 2 diabetes randomized to canagliflozin or placebo. The primary outcome was the rate of total (first plus all recurrent) all‐cause hospitalizations (ACH). Secondary outcomes were total hospitalizations categorized by the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities hierarchy at the system organ class level, reported by investigators at each centre. Outcomes were assessed using negative binomial models.ResultsOf the 7115 hospitalizations reported, the most common reasons were cardiac disorders (23.7%), infections and infestations (15.0%), and nervous system disorders (9.0%). The rate of total ACH was lower in the canagliflozin group (n = 5795) compared with the placebo group (n = 4347): 197.9 versus 215.8 participants per 1000 patient‐years, respectively (rate ratio [RR] 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.86, 0.98). Canagliflozin reduced the rate of total hospitalizations because of cardiac disorders (RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.75, 0.88). There was no significant difference between the canagliflozin and placebo groups in the rates of total hospitalizations because of infections and infestations (RR 0.96; 95% CI 0.86, 1.02) or nervous system disorders (RR 0.96; 95% CI 0.88, 1.05).ConclusionsIn the CANVAS programme, the most common reasons for hospitalization were cardiac disorders, infections and infestations, and nervous system disorders. Canagliflozin, compared with placebo, reduced the rate of total ACH.
Glucose control using fast‐acting insulin aspart in a real‐world setting: A 1‐year, two‐centre study in people with type 1 diabetes using continuous glucose monitoring
Authors: Billion Lisa , Charleer Sara , Verbraeken Laurens , Sterckx Mira , Vangelabbeek Kato , De Block Nathalie , Janssen Charlien , Van Dessel Kristof , Dirinck Eveline , Peiffer Frida , Bolsens Nancy , Mathieu Chantal , Gillard Pieter , De Block Christophe 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of switching from traditional mealtime insulins to fast‐acting insulin aspart (Fiasp) in a “real‐world” clinical practice setting in adult people with type 1 diabetes (PWD1) who were using intermittently scanned or real‐time continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM or rtCGM, respectively).Materials and MethodsData from 438 adult PWD1 (60% men, age 44.6 ± 16.2 years, diabetes duration 21.5 ± 14.0 years, isCGM/rtCGM: 391/47, multiple daily injections/continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion: 409/29), who initiated Fiasp from January 2018 to May 2020, were analysed. The primary objective was the evolution of time in range (TIR; 70‐180 mg/dL) at 6 and 12 months. Secondary objectives included change in HbA1c, body mass index (BMI), insulin doses, time below range (<70 and <54 mg/dL), and time above range (>180 and >250 mg/dL).ResultsTIR improved from 50.3% ± 15.6% to 54.3% ± 15.1% at 6 months (n = 425) and to 55.5% ± 15.2% at 12 months (n = 385) (P < .001), corresponding to 57 min/d at 6 months and 75 min/d at 12 months. Time spent below 54 mg/dL evolved from 3.1% ± 3.3% to 3.1% ± 3.7% and 2.5% ± 3.0% at 6 and 12 months, respectively (P = .011). Also, time spent above 180 mg/dL decreased from 42.3% ± 16.7% at start by 4.2% at 6 months and by 4.6% at 12 months (P < .001). The proportion of people reaching TIR more than 70% increased from 11.0% to 14.8% (P = .002), and those spending less than 4% at time less than 70 mg/dL increased from 36.1% to 42.1% (P = .002). After 12 months, HbA1c, insulin doses, and BMI did not change significantly.ConclusionsIn a Belgian real‐world setting of adult PWD1, switching to Fiasp was associated with a 5% increased TIR after 12 months, corresponding to 75 min/d, in combination with less time spent below and above range.
European Federation of Periodontology Survey of Postgraduate and Specialist Training in Europe in 2020
Authors: Eaton Kenneth A. , West Nicola X. , Wilson Nairn H. F. , Sanz Mariano 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsThe survey's aim was to establish which universities and other educational organisations deliver postgraduate and specialist training in Periodontology in the 31 countries who are members of the European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) and to obtain details of how these programmes are organised, funded, regulated and evaluated.MethodsA questionnaire and covering letter were emailed to all national periodontal societies. The questions were on the name of country, official recognition, training programmes, entry to specialist training, specialist training assessment and recognition after completion of training.ResultsTwenty‐nine (93%) of national periodontal societies responded. Key findings included the following: Periodontology was reported as being recognised at a national level in 17 countries, there was a three‐year full‐time programme in 12 countries, no fees were charged for specialist training in 10 countries, in 14 countries trainees received annual salaries, end of training (summative) assessments varied from country to country, 12 countries reported that they had a requirement for specialists in Periodontology to complete continuing education to maintain registration as specialists.ConclusionsThis survey has established which universities and other educational organisations deliver postgraduate and specialist training in Periodontology and how these programmes are organised, funded, regulated and evaluated. To provide uniformly high‐quality periodontal care for patients in all European countries, further harmonisation of postgraduate and specialty training in Periodontology would be advantageous.
Breast hamartoma: reassessment of an under‐recognised breast lesion
Authors: Alran Léonie , Chamming’s Foucauld , Auriol‐Leizagoyen Sophie , Velasco Valérie , Deleau Florian , Brouste Véronique , Bonhomme Benjamin , Ben Rejeb Houda , Marty Marion , MacGrogan Gaëtan 
Published: August 2021

AimsBreast hamartomas are an under‐recognised lesion because they lack a distinctive microscopic appearance. Microscopic diagnosis can often conclude ‘no significant lesion’ or ‘normal breast tissue’, leading to repeated biopsies and diagnostic delay. We describe the histological, immunohistochemical and radiological features of breast hamartomas with the aim of identifying specific signs to facilitate their diagnosis and to differentiate them from normal breast and fibroepithelial lesions.Methods and resultsForty‐seven breast hamartomas were reassessed (histological diagnosis and imaging features). An immunohistochemical study [oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), CD34, high‐mobility group A2 (HMGA2)] was performed. On breast imaging, hamartomas most often presented as probably benign solid masses with circumscribed margins and variable densities. Histologically, breast hamartomas resembled normal breast, although their stromal component was predominant, separating randomly scattered epithelial elements with areas of pure collagenous stroma. Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) was present in 93.6% of cases and CD34 antibody highlighted intralobular, perilobular and interlobular distribution of CD34‐positive fibroblasts. By comparison, CD34 was mainly expressed in the intralobular normal breast tissue stroma. Hamartoma stromal cells expressed HMGA2, ER and PR in 79%, 66% and 76.3% of our cases, respectively, compared to 7.7%, 23% and 19% in normal breast tissue, respectively (P < 0.0001; P = 0.0005; P < 0.0001).ConclusionsAfter ascertaining that core needle biopsy is effectively intralesional, breast hamartomas can be diagnosed with confidence by taking into account the presence of stromal changes, PASH, interlobular distribution of CD34‐positive fibroblasts, HMGA2 and hormonal receptor stromal expression.
Alterations in mental health and quality of life in patients with skin disorders: a narrative review
Authors: Cortés Hernán , Rojas‐Márquez Martín , Del Prado‐Audelo María L. , Reyes‐Hernández Octavio D. , González‐Del Carmen Manuel , Leyva‐Gómez Gerardo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe presence of lesions in visible areas of skin may cause emotional troubles in patients, including low self‐worth, embarrassment, sorrow, and social isolation. Those alterations may predispose to psychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression, and even suicidal ideation, severely affecting patients' health state and quality of life (QoL). In this article, we focus on dermatologic patients that present with secondary mental health alterations. Thus, we offer a detailed description of mental disorders observed in patients with acne vulgaris, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, ichthyosis, vitiligo, and hidradenitis suppurativa. Moreover, we point out the relationship between the severity of the cutaneous symptoms with mental illnesses and QoL decline. Our objective was to highlight the importance of mental health care for patients with skin diseases. The impact of skin alterations on the mental health of dermatological patients should be a central concern. Likewise, the timely identification and treatment of mental disorders are essential for the comprehensive management of these skin diseases.
The effect of an instant message‐based lifestyle and stress management intervention on the reduction of cardiovascular disease risk
Authors: Lu Ya‐Ting , Wu Ying 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimThis study investigated the effectiveness of an instant message‐based lifestyle and stress management intervention delivered by nurses on cardiovascular disease risk reduction.MethodsIn this nonrandomized concurrent controlled trial conducted from March 2013 to September 2013, 164 eligible employees in two companies were assigned to the intervention (n = 83) and control (n = 81) groups based on their worksites. Only participants were blinded to group assignment. All participants received two education sessions during 1 month, and the intervention group also received an instant message‐based lifestyle and stress management intervention for 5 months. The primary outcome was the Framingham Risk Score, and the data were collected at the first month and the sixth month.ResultsThe final analysis included 80 participants in the intervention group and 76 in the control group. After the intervention, significant intervention effects were found for the mean value and the changes of the Framingham Risk Score and the proportion of participants who improved their diet and exercise (P < 0.05). There were trends for improvement in the proportion of smoking and levels of stress, but statistically significant levels (P > 0.05) were not met.ConclusionAn instant message‐based lifestyle and stress management intervention can reduce cardiovascular disease risk in high‐risk individuals.
Food insecurity is associated with higher food responsiveness in low‐income children: The moderating role of parent stress and family functioning
Authors: Eagleton Sally G. , Na Muzi , Savage Jennifer S. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryBackgroundFood insecurity (FI) may increase the odds for childhood obesity, yet little is known about the mechanism explaining this relationship. Parents experience greater psychosocial stress in the context of FI. In these environments, children from FI households may exhibit different appetitive behaviours.ObjectivesTo examine associations between FI and appetitive behaviours in children (3–5 years) and to explore whether social, emotional and structural properties of the home environment moderate this relationship.MethodsIn a low‐income sample of 504 parent–child dyads, parents completed the household food security module and the Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire. A subsample (n = 361) self‐reported perceived stress, depressive symptoms, household chaos and family functioning. Children were categorized as food secure, household FI and child FI.ResultsFood responsiveness (LSmeans ± SE; child FI: 2.56 ± 0.13; food secure: 2.31 ± 0.10, p < 0.05) and emotional overeating (LSmeans ± SE; child FI: 1.69 ± 0.10; food secure: 1.48 ± 0.08, p < 0.05) were higher among children in the child FI group compared to the food secure group. Child FI was only associated with higher food responsiveness among children of parents reporting high levels of perceived stress (p = 0.04) and low levels of family functioning (p = 0.01). There were no differences in food responsiveness by food security status at mean or low levels of perceived stress or at mean or high levels of family functioning (p > 0.05).ConclusionsChild FI may contribute to obesity risk through differences in appetitive behaviours. For low‐income families, stress management and improving family dynamics may be important factors for interventions designed to improve children's appetitive behaviours.
Orthodontic treatment demand in young adolescents – Are parents familiar with their children's desires and reasons?
Authors: Uhac Mia , Zibar Belasic Tihana , Perkovic Vjera , Matijevic Marko , Spalj Stjepan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo assess the levels of agreement between parents and adolescents about young adolescents' orthodontic treatment demand and to what extent is treatment demand conditioned by family and psychosocial impacts and oral function.DesignThis cross‐sectional study included 221 adolescents (11–14 years, 54% female) and their parents. A 5‐point scale was used to assess orthodontic treatment demand. Adolescents self‐administered the Child Perceptions Questionnaire, and parents self‐administered the Parental‐Caregivers Perceptions Questionnaire and Family Impact Scale. The Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need Dental Health Component (IOTN DHC) was used for determining malocclusion severity. Intraclass correlation coefficient and Cohen's kappa coefficient were used for the assessment of agreement between two informants.ResultsThe parent‐child agreement on children's orthodontic treatment demand was weak, concording in 67.4% of cases. The most common reasons for seeking orthodontic treatment derive from the emotional (EW) and social well‐being domains for both informants. In linear regression, the adolescent's reporting of impaired EW and IOTN DHC was the only significant linear predictor of orthodontic treatment demand.ConclusionParents cannot correctly assess the orthodontic treatment demand of their children. Impaired EW is the most significant self‐reported determinant of adolescents' demand for orthodontic treatment. Family relationships and parental perspective have a low influence.