bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protection of Graves and Cemeteries in Treaties on Friendship and Cooperation Signed by Poland with States Formed after the Collapse of the USSR
Authors: Staszewski Wojciech Szczepan 
Published: June 2021

Ochrona grobów i cmentarzy w traktatach o przyjaźni i współpracy zawartych przez Polskę z państwami ukształtowanymi po rozpadzie ZSRR
Współdziałanie państw w zakresie ochrony grobów i cmentarzy stanowi ważny czynnik budowy wzajemnego poszanowania i zaufania między państwami oraz sprzyja tworzeniu podstaw zrozumienia i zbliżenia między narodami. W niniejszym artykule dokonano analizy zawartych przez Polskę umów o przyjaźni i współpracy, które odgrywają szczególną rolę w stosunkach traktatowych państw. Zakres podmiotowy opracowania ograniczony został do umów podpisanych z państwami ukształtowanymi po rozpadzie ZSRR – obszar ten, biorąc pod uwagę różne wydarzenia ukształtowane historycznie (i to nie tylko w zakresie historii Polski), jest szczególnie ważny w kontekście ochrony grobów i cmentarzy. To tam znajdują się liczne nekropolie i miejsca pochówku Polaków. Należy także mieć na względzie, że na terytorium Polski zlokalizowanych jest też wiele miejsc pochówku szczątków ludzkich osób pochodzących z różnych państw. Celem opracowania jest udzielenie odpowiedzi na pytanie badawcze, czy współpraca w zakresie ochrony grobów i cmentarzy została uwzględniona w postanowieniach traktatów politycznych zawartych przez Polskę ze wspomnianymi państwami oraz czy współpracy tej nadano odpowiednią rangę, a tym samym, czy znalazły się odpowiednie ramy prawne gwarantujące we właściwy sposób realizację współpracy we wskazanym obszarze.
Use of an Angled Blade Plate for 31A3 Intertrochanteric Fractures
Authors: Varghese Viju Daniel , Bhowmick Kaushik , Ramasamy Boopalan , Karuppusami Reka , Jepegnanam Thilak Samuel 
Published: June 2021

Background:
A subgroup of pertrochanteric fractures—namely, the AO/OTA 31A3 fracture—continues to be a difficult problem to treat, even with cephalomedullary nails. We present the results for 26 patients with a 31A3 fracture treated with the angled blade plate.

Methods:
The records of 26 consecutive patients with a 31A3 fracture that was treated operatively with the angled blade plate device between 2007 and 2012 at our center were reviewed, and the patients were contacted for follow-up. The functional outcome (traumatic hip rating score) and radiographic outcome (the neck-shaft angle at the time of fixation and final follow-up) were obtained for 20 of the 26 patients at a minimum follow-up of 1 year.

Results:
All 26 patients had primary surgery. At final review, 2 patients had died and 4 had been lost to follow-up. Of the 4 patients lost to follow-up, 2 had revision of the fixation with the angled blade plate. Of the 20 patients with follow-up, 1 had malreduction and implant failure but eventually had healing after revision of the fixation with the angled blade plate. The mean traumatic hip rating score at the time of follow-up was 50.0 with 4, 14, and 2 patients having excellent, good, and failed outcomes, respectively. The mean neck-shaft angle at the time of final union was 126.16°, which was an average of 4° less than that on the unaffected side. However, this did not correlate with functional outcome. There was no significant difference between the immediate postoperative and final neck-shaft angles.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated that blade plate fixation for 31A3 fractures is associated with low rates of failure (15%), revision surgery (15%), and infection (15%), which are comparable with the results of nail fixation (range, 5% to 12%) and superior to those of sliding hip screw fixation. This large series demonstrates that the angled blade plate can be utilized for these complex fractures and should be part of the armamentarium for these injuries.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Effect of Supramalleolar Osteotomy without Marrow Stimulation for Medial Ankle Osteoarthritis
Authors: Lim Jung-Won , Eom Joon-Sang , Kang Sung Jin , Lee Dong-Oh , Kang Hwa Jun , Jung Hong-Geun 
Published: June 2021

Background:
The effect of supramalleolar osteotomy without a bone marrow-stimulating procedure for articular cartilage regeneration in the ankle joint remains unknown. We investigated whether supramalleolar osteotomy yielded favorable clinical and radiographic outcomes. We also evaluated the joint tissue appearance after supramalleolar osteotomy without a bone marrow-stimulating procedure with use of second-look arthroscopy and its correlation with the outcome.

Methods:
Twenty-nine ankles were retrospectively reviewed at a mean of 2.9 years after supramalleolar osteotomy without a bone marrow-stimulating procedure. All 29 ankles had had second-look arthroscopy to evaluate tibiotalar joint tissue regeneration at a minimum of 1 year postoperatively. A visual analog scale (VAS) pain score, the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score, and patient satisfaction were used for functional evaluations. Ankle osteoarthritis was classified with the Takakura staging system, and the tibial anterior surface (TAS) angle and tibial lateral surface (TLS) angle were measured on radiographs.

Results:
The mean VAS and AOFAS scores improved from 6.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.7 to 6.8) preoperatively to 1.5 (95% CI, 0.9 to 2.1) postoperatively and from 60.5 (95% CI, 54.9 to 66.1) preoperatively to 88.3 (95% CI, 84.3 to 92.3) postoperatively, respectively. Patient satisfaction with the outcome of the procedure was classified as very satisfied or satisfied for 27 ankles (93.1%). Sixteen of 21 ankles that were classified as Takakura stage-IIIa and 2 of 3 ankles that were classified as stage-IIIb preoperatively improved to stage II postoperatively. The mean TAS and TLS angles significantly improved from 83.5° (95% CI, 82.2° to 84.7°) and 77.0° (95% CI, 75.4° to 78.7°) preoperatively to 94.2° (95% CI, 92.7° to 95.7°) and 80.4° (95% CI, 78.3° to 82.5°) postoperatively, respectively. On second-look arthroscopy, 26 ankles (89.7%) showed tissue regeneration of the medial compartment of the ankle joint and no patient showed cartilage deterioration.

Conclusions:
Medial tibiotalar tissue regeneration was identified in most patients with medial compartment ankle osteoarthritis following supramalleolar osteotomy without a bone marrow-stimulating procedure. The procedure results in satisfactory clinical and radiographic outcomes with high patient satisfaction.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Modeling Contact Angle vs. Temperature for the Quartz-Water-Decane System
Authors: Duffy Timothy S. , Gamwo Isaac K. , Johns Russell T. , Lvov Serguei N. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryInnovative approaches are needed to improve the efficiency of oil recovery technologies to meet the growing demands of fossil-fuel based energy consumption. Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods such as low-salinity waterflooding and chemically tuned waterflooding aim to optimize the reservoir’s wetting properties, detaching oil globules from rock surfaces and allowing easier oil flow through pore throats. This wetting behavior is commonly quantified by contact angle measurements of the rock-oil-brine interface, which have been thoroughly investigated and theorized for many systems at ambient temperatures and pressures. However, few studies exist for extending contact angle theories away from ambient conditions. In this paper, we model the contact angles of a quartz-water-decane system at elevated temperatures using the surface tension component (STC) approach. Temperature-dependent van der Waals [Lifshitz-van der Waals (LW)] interactions and hydrogen-bonding (acid-base) interactions were calculated and are incorporated into the model for the quartz-water-decane interface. The Hough and White procedure was used to create temperature-dependent dielectric functions of quartz, water, and normal decane for calculations of Hamaker coefficients. Hamaker coefficients calculated this way are highly linear with temperature and agree well with Israelachvili’s approximation. The acid-base interactions likely contribute the most to system wettability changes. Resulting contact angles of the quartz-water-decane system shift from water-wet (16°) to slightly water-wet (57.4°) as temperature increases. The model was also successfully verified for the quartz-air-water system. Our results can be used in future studies to determine optimal injected water compositions for specific rock-oil-brine and other systems with consideration of reservoir temperature.
Assessment of Clinical laboratory using WHO AFRO-SLIPTA Quality Standards in a Referral Hospital laboratory in Ghana
Authors: Tanko Rufai , Aninagyei Enoch , Baffour Albert Gyau , Gbadago Fred , Addae Gideon , Ameme Donne , Sackey Samuel Oko , Ernest Kenu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction: The hospital laboratory exists to provide accurate and reliable results to physicians for effective management of patients. The Quality Management System (QMS) in the laboratory must be effective and efficient so that reliable results will be produced for patient care. Quality System Essentials together with International Organization for Standardization (IOS) 15189 are the core components used to establish a QMS in the Laboratory. Laboratory assessments are an effective means to determine whether a laboratory is providing accurate and reliable results and adhering to good laboratory practices. We assessed the Suhum Hospital laboratory to identify gaps in the components of Quality System Essentials. Method: This exploratory study investigated the practice of QMS in Suhum Hospital laboratory, a public district hospital laboratory in Ghana, in January 2016. Data collected comprised activities by laboratory staff during onsite visits and evidence of documentation. Permission to collect data was sought from the Hospital Management and Laboratory Manager. We used the WHO-AFRO laboratory Strengthening Checklist to assess the laboratory. We reviewed the records to verify if the laboratory quality manuals, policies, logs, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) were complete, current, accurate, and annually reviewed. Finally, we interviewed staff of the laboratory and clinicians to obtain information to learn their perspective on the laboratory’s performance. Results: The undepartmentalized laboratory is headed by a manager with a staff strength of 13 trained professionals. It receives averagely 100 patient samples daily and runs 30 different tests. The main strengths of the laboratory in terms of Quality System Essentials were information management 15/18 (83%), process control 25/33 (77%), internal audit 6/10 (60%), facilities and safety 25/43 (58%), purchasing and inventory 17/30 (57%). However, equipment management 8/30 (27%), occurrence management 3/12 (25%), documents and records 7/25 (28%), organization and personnel 8/20 (40%), corrective actions 5/12 (42%) and client management 5/17 (29%) required improvement. Conclusion: Findings from the laboratory audit pointed to an overall weak laboratory QMS based on WHO/AFRO laboratory strengthening checklist and rating. Concerted efforts are therefore required to improve the laboratory QMS rating to improve quality of care to clients in all district hospital laboratories in Ghana.
Graphene under extreme electromagnetic field: energetic ion acceleration by direct irradiation of ultra intense laser on few layer suspended graphene
Authors: Kuramitsu Yasuhiro , Minami Takumi , Hihara Takamasa , Sakai Kentaro , Nishimoto Takahiro , Isayama Shogo , Liao Yu-Tzu , Wu Kuan-Ting , Woon Wei-Yen , Chen Shih-Hung , Liu Yao-Li , He Shi-Ming , Su Ching-Yuan , Ota Masato , Egashira Shunsuke , Morace Alessio , Sakawa Youichi , Habara Hideaki , Kodama Ryosuke , Dohl Leonard , Woolsey Nigel , Koenig Michel , Kanasaki Masato , Asai Takafumi , Yamauchi Tomoya , Oda Keiji , Kondo Kotaro , Kiriyama Hiromitsu , Fukuda Yuji 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Atomically thin graphene is a transparent, highly electrically and thermally conductive, light-weight, and the strongest material. To date, graphene has found applications in many aspects including transport, medicine, electronics, energy, defense, and desalination. We demonstrate another disruptive application of graphene in the field of laser-ion acceleration, in which the unique features of graphene play indispensable role. Laser driven ion sources have been widely investigated for pure science, plasma diagnostics, medical and engineering applications. Recent developments of laser technologies allow us to access radiation regime of laser ion acceleration with relatively thin targets. However, the thinner target is the less durable and can be easily broken by the pedestal or prepulse through impact and heating prior to the main laser arrival. One of the solutions to avoid this is plasma mirror, which is a surface plasma created by the foot of the laser pulse on an optically transparent material working as an effective mirror only for the main laser peak. So far diamond like carbon (DLC) is used to explore the ion acceleration in extremely thin target regime (< 10 nm) with plasma mirrors, and it is necessary to use plasma mirrors even in moderately thin target regime (10-100 nm) to realize energetic ion generation. However, firstly DLC is not 2D material, and therefore, it is very expensive to make it thin and flat. Moreover, graphene is stronger than diamond at extremely thin regime, and much more reasonable for mass-production. Furthermore, installing and operating plasma mirrors at high repetition rate is also costly. Here we show another direct solution using graphene as the thinnest and strongest target ever made. We develop a facile transfer method to fabricate large-area suspended graphene (LSG) as target for laser ion acceleration with precision down to a single atomic layer. Direct irradiation of the LSG targets with an ultra intense laser generates energetic carbons and protons evidently showing the durability of graphene without plasma mirror. This extends the new frontier of science on graphene under extreme electromagnetic field, such as energy frontier and nuclear fusion.
A Generalized Approach on Outage Performance Analysis of Dual-Hop Decode and Forward Relaying for 5G and Beyond Scenarios
Authors: Singh Daljeet 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a generalized approach on performance of relay aided communication systems for 5G and beyond scenarios. A dual-hop decode and forwarding scheme is considered in the analysis. The relationship between the outage performance and cumulative distribution function (CDF) of signal to noise ratio (SNR) is exploited to derive a universal expression of outage probability valid for all fading scenarios irrespective of their nature or complexity. Further, an effort is made to parameterise the channel PDF in such a manner that reflects a commonly encountered practical fading scenario faced by current and future wireless communication systems. The analytical results obtained for various cases are validated by Monte-Carlo simulations.
A New Approach For Physically-Based Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis For Portugal
Authors: Zacchei Enrico , Brasil Reyolando 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) is nowadays the more complete analysis method to estimate the seismic input for structural analysis. However, it is strongly influenced by seismogenic parameters and attenuation equations. Here PSHA using empirical Green’s functions (EGFs) with 2 + 2 variables is carried out, which are correlated through the moment magnitude. This combination, already known as “physically-based PSHA (pb-PSHA)”, is an original approach that should be disseminated because it provides a good alternative in countries where the seismogenic zones and attenuation equations are not well known. The proposed model is based on linear faults, random, periodic, impulsive, linear source functions, and a punctual hypocentre. Differential equations are explained. Results are shown in terms of new seismic parameters, specific return periods and ground accelerations. The studied country is Portugal. It appears to the authors that no study has been published about pb-PSHA for Portugal.
The Effect of Noise-Induced Quantum Coherence in the Intermediate Band Solar Cells
Authors: Daryani Mohsen , Rostami Ali , Darvish Gaffar , Farshi Mohammad Kazem Morravej 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
It has been shown that quantum coherence induced by incoherent light can increase the efficiency of solar cells. Here we evaluate the effect of such coherence in the intermediate band solar cells. We first examine a six-level quantum IBSC model and demonstrate by simulation that the maximum of output power in a solar cell with quantum structure increases more than 16 percent in the case of coherence existence. We then propose an IBSC model which can absorb continuous spectra of sunlight and show that the quantum coherence can increase the output power of the cell. For instance, calculations indicate that the coherence makes an increase of about 31% in the maximum output power of a cell that the width of the conduction and intermediate bands are 100 and 10 meV, respectively. Also, our calculations show that the quantum coherence effect is still observed in increasing the solar cell power by expanding the width of the conduction band, although the output power is reduced due to increase in the thermalization loss. However, expanding the width of the intermediate band reduces the coherence effect.
Hatchability, Growth Performance, Feed Efficiency, and Survival of Normal Feathered Local, Sasso-rir and Their F1-cross Chickens Under on-station Management Condition in Southern Ethiopia
Authors: wolde shewangizaw woltamo , Mirkena Tadele , Melesse Aberra , Dessie Tadelle , Abegaz Solomon 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Normal Feathered local chicken (LL), Sasso-RIR (SRSR) and their F1-cross (LSR) chickens were hatched to evaluated for egg hatchability, growth performance, feed efficiency and survival rate. After 14-days of brooding, 150 chicks of each genotype were randomly selected and further replicated in to five pens in a deep litter grower house consisting of 30 chicks each in a completely randomized design, and evaluated for a period of 16-weeks. Hatchability of fertile eggs was highest for LL (80.0 %), intermediate for LSR (68.6%) and lowest for SRSR (55.9%) chickens. The body weight (BW) of chicks at 2-weeks of age was 80.0, 76.3 and 61.5 g/bird for SRSR, LSR, and LL, respectively, the latter being the lowest (p<0.05). The respective BW at 8-weeks of age was 732, 587 and 451 g while at 18-weeks it was 1877, 1379 and 1070 g/bird and different from each other (p<0.05). During 3- to 8-weeks and 9- to 18-weeks growth periods, the LL chickens were inferior (p< 0.05) in feed intake (29.7 and 66.9 g/d/bird) whereas the SRSR chickens were superior (p< 0.05) in body weight gain (15.5 and 16.3 g/d/bird) and feed conversion ratio (2.67 and 5.35 g feed/ g gain), respectively. The mortality rate of chicken was not affected by genotypes. It can be concluded that the exotic blood of Sasso-RIR chicken had played a significant role in upgrading the growth rate and market weight of the local Normal Feathered chicken without adverse effect on hatchability, feed efficiency, and survival rate.
A Case-Control Study of Relevance Between NOS2 rs2297518 Polymorphism with Preeclampsia Risk in the Chinese Han women
Authors: Wang Jingli , Guan Chengcheng , Hou Huabin , Peng Xinguo , Liu Yun , Li Jinling 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Backgroud: Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) acts on the contraction and expansion of blood vessels by mediating the synthesis of Nitric Oxide (NO), which is implicated in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia (PE) associated with systemic vasoconstriction. The polymorphism of NOS2, the gene of coding iNOS, can affect the function of protein. Therefore, we aimed to explore whether the polymorphism site rs2297518 in NOS2 is associated with susceptibility of PE in a Chinese Han population. Methods and Results:Genotyping the NOS2 rs2297518 polymorphism through TaqMan real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) after DNA extraction from blood samples in this case-control study including 979 PE patients and 1187 healthy pregnant women. Using independent sample t-test and chi-square test to analyse clinical data and experimental results. We performed the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to estimate the degree of the association.There was no statistical significance in the genetic distributions for the polymorphism of rs2297518 between the PE and control groups (c2=1.43, p=0.49 by genotype frequency, c2=0.85, p=0.36, odds ratio=1.07, 95% confidence interval 0.92-1.25 by allele frequency), and no differences among early/late-onset or mild/severe PE and controls was seen. Conclusion: Our results indicated that the NOS2 rs2297518 polymorphism may be not play a major role in the susceptibility to PE in the Chinese Han population. Therefore, it is essential to test other polymorphisms of this gene to validate a potential relationship for susceptibility to PE.
Application of The Full-Width-At-Half-Maximum Image Segmentation Method to Analyse Retinal Vascular Changes in Patients With Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Xu Bo Lun , Li Yi Jie , Zhou Wen Li , Cheng Ke Yun , Zhan Hai Jing , Jiang Li Gang , Tong Yu Hua 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The study used spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and full width at half maximum image segmentation to investigate the morphological changes of retinal blood vessels in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR).Seventy-five patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) without DR and 65 patients with DR were studied. The vascular images of superior temporal region B of the retina were obtained by SD-OCT. The edges of retinal vessels were identified by the full-width-at-half-maximum image segmentation method. The lumen diameter, wall thickness (WT), wall cross-sectional area (WCSA), and wall-to-lumen ratio (WLR) were investigated.We found that compared with no-diabetic-retinopathy (NDR) group, patients in DR group had increased retinal arteriolar lumen diameter (RALD), retinal arteriolar outer diameter (RAOD), and WT(128.80 µm vs. 104.88 µm; 147.01 µm vs. 135.60 µm; 18.29 µm vs. 15.26 µm; P < 0.05 respectively). And, the retinal venular lumen diameter, retinal venular outer diameter, and venular WT in the DR group also increased (146.17 µm vs. 133.66 µm; 180.20 µm vs. 156.43 µm; 17.01 µm vs. 11.38 µm; P < 0.05 respectively). The morphological changes of retinal vessels were significantly correlated with DR stage.In conclusion,in diabetic patients with DR, both retinal arteries and veins are widened with increased vascular thickness.
Comparative Gene Analysis in Chordate Embryonic Development Reveals Co-existence of Von Baer’s and Haeckel’s Postulates
Authors: Guo Song , Hu Haiyang , Xu Chuan , Irie Naoki , Khaitovich Philipp 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The relationship between embryonic development and evolution historically investigated based on embryo morphology could now be reassessed using mRNA expression endophenotype. Here, we analyzed the conservation of divergence of the developmental mRNA expression profiles in nine evolutionarily distinct species, from oyster to mouse, and compared them to the original concepts formulated by von Baer and Haeckel. We find nearly linear conservation of species’ developmental programs among these species, compatible with models rooted on von Baer’s postulates, for approximately a third of expressed orthologous genes. By contrast, 5-15% of developmental expression profiles, enriched in neural genes, displayed an alignment pattern compatible with the terminal edition paradigm proposed by Haeckel. Thus, the development-evolution relationship based on mRNA expression agrees with early concepts based on embryo morphology and demonstrates that the corresponding patterns coexist in chordate development.