bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colo-cutaneous fistula in the setting of complicated sigmoid diverticulitis previously managed with percutaneous drainage: a case report
Authors: Correa Natalia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Colo-cutaneous fistulas are a rare complication of diverticular disease. Percutaneous drainage offers a promising alternative to surgical intervention in the management of complicated diverticular disease with abscess formation. Recent case studies and literature reviews support its efficacy in achieving abscess resolution and reducing the need for surgery. However, careful patient selection, technical proficiency, and multidisciplinary management are critical to optimizing outcomes. As the body of evidence grows, percutaneous drainage is likely to play an increasingly important role in the therapeutic arsenal against complicated diverticular disease; however, the risk of complications, particularly fistula formation, must be carefully considered. Our case presents a rare incident of a colo-cutaneous fistula occurring after CT-guided percutaneous drainage of a pericolic abscess secondary to perforated sigmoid diverticulitis that failed medical management. The patient ultimately underwent Hartmann’s procedure where the diseased sigmoid colon, adhered small bowel, and fistula tract were excised with an end colostomy creation.
Thoracoscopic segmentectomy for lung tumour with displaced B1 + 2
Authors: Miyajima Masahiro , Ogura Keishi , Mishina Taijirou , Watanabe Atsushi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The frequency of bronchial branching abnormalities is about 0.6%, of which about 75% are related to the right upper lobe. The frequency of left B1 + 2 transition bronchus is even rarer, but a few cases have been reported. A 43-year-old man, who presented with an abnormal pulmonary nodule suspected to be lung cancer in the left S4 segment, underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic segmentectomy of S3 plus lingular segment. Preoperative three-dimensional contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed a displaced B1 + 2 bronchus arising from the left main bronchus, which ascends behind the main pulmonary artery. Video-assisted thoracic surgery was performed successfully, and the nodule was pathologically diagnosed as a lymphoma. Preoperative three-dimensional contrast-enhanced CT was very useful to detect this rare bronchial abnormality. In the present case, three-dimensional CT allowed us to safely operate on a patient with a rare B1 + 2 displaced bronchus in the left upper lobe.
Genitourinary tuberculosis presenting as treatment resistant dysuria in a young patient: a case report
Authors: Woodward Louis , Sahin Ali , Almpanis Stefanos 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Genitourinary tuberculosis is the second most common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. We present the case of a male patient in his late 20s who presented to his general practitioner with symptoms of recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI). Upon investigation his estimated glomerular filtration rate was found to be 61 ml/min/1.75 m2 and an ultrasound scan of the kidney, ureters, and bladder revealed a left sided hydronephrosis. A computerized tomography urogram confirmed upper and lower pole lesions of the left kidney with ureteric changes and lymphadenopathy consistent with chronic atypical infection. A urine acid-fast bacilli culture was positive for urinary tuberculosis (TB). The patient’s disseminated TB was treated with conventional anti-TB medications. Our case report highlights the value in considering genitourinary tuberculosis amongst the list of differential diagnoses in younger patients presenting with symptoms of recurrent UTI.
Unusual intravesical findings: a case report on foreign body in the bladder of an adolescent female
Authors: Alabassi Kholoud , Ata Yaser M , Alshahwani Noora , Elkadhi Abdelrahman 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Bladder foreign bodies (BFB) are uncommon in the pediatric population. They typically arise from self-insertion, iatrogenic factors, or trauma. Cystoscopy is the preferred intervention. A 16-year-old female presented with a [2-]day history of dysuria, suprapubic pain, and a palpable rectal foreign body. Imaging revealed an 8.2 cm radiopaque object in the bladder. Diagnostic laparoscopy confirmed no perforation. Cystoscopy identified and removed a lead pencil from the bladder. A small bladder perforation was noted post-removal. The patient had a smooth recovery and was discharged with a Foley catheter, which was later removed following normal postoperative imaging results. Prompt diagnosis and intervention are crucial for managing pediatric BFBs to prevent complications. Imaging and cystoscopy play key roles in treatment.
Millets for a sustainable future
Authors: Ghatak Arindam , Pierides Iro , Singh Roshan Kumar , Srivastava Rakesh K , Varshney Rajeev K , Prasad Manoj , Chaturvedi Palak , Weckwerth Wolfram 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Our current agricultural system faces a perfect storm—climate change, a burgeoning population, and unpredictable outbreaks such as COVID-19 which disrupt food production, particularly for vulnerable populations in developing countries. A paradigm shift in agriculture practices is needed to tackle these issues. One solution is the diversification of crop production. While ~56% of the plant-based protein stems from three major cereal crops (rice, wheat, and maize), underutilized crops such as millets, legumes, and other cereals are highly neglected by farmers and the research community. Millets are one of the most ancient and versatile orphan crops with attributes such as fast growing, high yielding, withstanding harsh environments, and rich in micronutrients such as iron and zinc, making them appealing to achieve agronomic sustainability. Here, we highlight the contribution of millet to agriculture and focus on the genetic diversity of millet, genomic resources, and next-generation omics and their applications under various stress conditions. Additionally, integrative omics technologies could identify and develop millets with desirable phenotypes having high agronomic value and mitigating climate change. We emphasize that biotechnological interventions, such as genome-wide association, genomic selection, genome editing, and artificial intelligence/machine learning, can improve and breed millets more effectively.
Future challenges for UK regulation of brain organoid research
Authors: Jackson Emily 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
One of this century’s most dramatic scientific developments is the reprogramming of stem cells in order to create organoids, that is, self-organizing 3D models that mimic the structure and function of human organs. This article considers whether brain organoids in particular might raise any new questions for law, now or in the near future. If complex human brain organoids were to become capable of consciousness or sentience, the current regulation of human tissue research, which protects the interests of tissue donors, might need to be supplemented in order to protect the interests of the tissue itself. Human brain organoids can also be implanted into animal hosts, and if this were to result in animals with significantly enhanced cognitive abilities, additional protective measures might become necessary.
Conscious Nutrition to Improve Survival Prognosis of Donor Kidney Recipients: A Narrative Review
Authors: Zulkhash Nargiz , Shanazarov Nasrulla , Kissikova Saule , Turebekov Duman , Ismagulova Elnara 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Kidney transplantation is the optimal treatment for end-stage chronic kidney disease, increasing survival rates and improving quality of life. Diet affects patient weight and well-being, can trigger certain diseases, and influences post-surgery outcomes. The purpose of the study was to investigate dietary strategies in patients with chronic kidney disease, in early and long-term donor kidney recipients, and to formulate specific nutritional recommendations. For this purpose, a narrative review of the available information in both the Republic of Kazakhstan and the world’s scientific literature over the last 10 years was carried out. The following evidence-based resources were used: Scopus, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Knowledge. The study provides the latest statistical data on kidney transplantation and risk factors, and a comparative analysis between countries. Existing data on basic nutrition and the possibility of using it after transplantation are examined in detail. In addition, the recommendations for daily intake of salt, potassium, sodium, vitamin D, and calcium were analyzed. The energy value of the diet and its association with overweight, obesity, and the development of diabetes mellitus were studied. Using DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) and low-protein diets as examples, the potential risks and their applicability for this patient category are analyzed. The article's materials and conclusions can serve as a training manual for nephrologists, therapists, and surgeons.
An Observational Study to Determine the Prevalence of COVID-19 Among Hospitalized Patients With Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacterales Infections and Clinical Outcomes, 10 US Sites, 2020­–2022
Authors: Grass Julian E , Bulens Sandra N , Ansari Uzma A , Duffy Nadezhda , Jacob Jesse T , Smith Gillian , Rebolledo Paulina A , Restrepo Ana Mesa , Vaeth Elisabeth , Dumyati Ghinwa , Tsay Rebecca , Looi Hsioa Che , Phipps Erin , Flores Kristina G , Wilson Christopher , Muleta Daniel , Czaja Christopher A , Driscoll Jennifer , Johnston Helen , Lynfield Ruth , O’Malley Sean , Maloney Meghan , Stabach Nicole , Nadle Joelle , Pierce Rebecca , Hertzel Heather , Guh Alice Y 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
We investigated hospitalized carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) cases with and without COVID-19, as identified through Emerging Infections Program surveillance in 10 sites from 2020 to 2022.

Methods
We defined a CRE case as the first isolation of Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae complex, Klebsiella aerogenes, K oxytoca, K pneumoniae, or K variicola resistant to any carbapenem. We defined an ESBL-E case as the first isolation of E coli, K pneumoniae, or K oxytoca resistant to any third-generation cephalosporin and nonresistant to all carbapenems tested. Specimens were drawn from a normally sterile site or urine among hospitalized residents of the surveillance area in a 30-day period. We defined COVID-19 as a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result (SC2+) within 14 days before CRE or ESBL-E specimen collection and performed multivariable logistic regression analyses.

Results
Of 1595 CRE and 1866 ESBL-E hospitalized cases, 38 (2.4%) and 60 (3.2%), respectively, had a SC2+. Among these cases, a SC2+ was associated with intensive care unit admission (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.69 [95% CI, 1.14–2.50]; aOR, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.03–2.12]) and 30-day mortality (aOR, 1.79 [95% CI, 1.22–2.64]; aOR, 1.94 [95% CI, 1.39–2.70]).

Conclusions
CRE and ESBL-E infections among hospitalized patients with preceding COVID-19 were uncommon but had worse outcomes when compared with cases without COVID-19. COVID-19 prevention in patients at risk of CRE and ESBL-E infections is needed, as well as continued infection control measures and antibiotic stewardship for patients with COVID-19.
COMPOSIT study: evaluating osimertinib combination with targeted therapies in EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Mehlman Camille , Swalduz Aurelie , Monnet Isabelle , Morin Clara , Wislez Marie , Guisier Florian , Curcio Hubert , Du Rusquec Pauline , Cortot Alexis B , Gounant Valerie , Abbar Baptiste , Duchemann Boris , Giroux-Leprieur Etienne , Pierret Thomas , Quilot Fleur-Marie , Cadranel Jacques , Fallet Vincent 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The emergence of diverse resistance mechanisms after osimertinib therapy, including on-target epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and off-target alterations, warrants investigation of novel therapeutics to overcome these challenges and improve patient outcomes.

Methods
COMPOSIT was a French, retrospective, multicenter, cohort study of the effectiveness and tolerability of osimertinib in combination with other targeted therapies in patients with advanced EGFR-mutant (EGFRm) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who harbored other oncogenic drivers as primary or acquired resistance mechanisms. Real-world progression-free survival (rwPFS), overall survival (OS), and objective response rate (ORR) were the primary endpoints.

Results
The study included 61 patients (63.9% women; median age, 61 years). Chemotherapy was administered to 26 patients (42.6%) before the combinations. The most frequently targeted resistance mechanisms were MET amplification (n = 40) and BRAF alterations (n = 11). Sixteen combinations of osimertinib with other targeted therapies were reported. Overall (except for 10 patients in clinical trials), median rwPFS and OS were 3.9 (95% CI, 2.9-5.2) and 9.8 months (95% CI, 6.8-14.8). Best ORR (n = 54) was 50% (95% CI, 33.0-72.8). In patients with MET amplification (n = 29), median rwPFS and OS were 4.9 (95% CI, 2.9-7.2) and 8.6 months (95% CI, 5.3-21.6). Grade ≥3 adverse events occurred in 15 patients (24.6%). No deaths were related to treatment.

Conclusions
Combinations of osimertinib with other targeted therapies appeared to be feasible and safe and may offer clinical benefit to overcome resistance to osimertinib in EGFRm NSCLC, especially in patients with MET amplification.
Physiologic and structural characterization of desisobutyryl-ciclesonide, a selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator in newborn rats
Authors: Jaumotte Juliann D , El Khoury Nathalie , Min Charles K , Wang Jiefei , Madigan Caroline , Jano Antalya , Russo Kobylski Robin J , Solt Laura A , Dhavan Rutu S , Short Kelly L , Lei Tianhua , Chandran Uma , Cole Timothy J , Monaghan-Nichols Ann Paula , Sampath Venkatesh , Houtman René , Nettles Kendall W , DeFranco Donald B 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, the most prevalent chronic lung disease of prematurity, is often treated with glucocorticoids (GCs) such as dexamethasone (DEX), but their use is encumbered with several adverse somatic, metabolic, and neurologic effects. We previously reported that systemic delivery of the GC prodrug ciclesonide (CIC) in neonatal rats activated glucocorticoid receptor (GR) transcriptional responses in lung but did not trigger multiple adverse effects caused by DEX. To determine whether limited systemic metabolism of CIC was solely responsible for its enhanced safety profile, we treated neonatal rats with its active metabolite desisobutyryl-ciclesonide (Des-CIC). DEX but not Des-CIC caused a reduction in body weight as well as reduced insulin-like growth factor-1 serum levels and chronic hyperglycemia in neonatal rats. However, Des-CIC was as effective as DEX in reducing the expression of various bleomycin-induced proinflammatory cytokine mRNAs. In vitro studies with various cell types demonstrate the potent GR transactivation and transrepression activity of Des-CIC, although genome-wide transcriptomic analyses reveal differences in DEX vs. Des-CIC responses in neonatal rat lung and liver tissue. Des-CIC is a GR super-agonist as revealed by an in vitro coregulator peptide binding assay. In addition, molecular dynamics simulations revealed unique Des-CIC-dependent allosteric signaling pathways between specific residues in the GR ligand-binding domain and receptor surfaces interacting with coregulator peptides. Thus, Des-CIC is a potential novel selective GR modulator that could impart a favorable therapeutic index for CIC use for even modest durations of GC exposure which could have long-lasting adverse somatic, metabolic, or neurologic effects.
A new strategy for drug delivery systems in oral diseases using stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: review and new perspectives
Authors: Xia Ruyang , Li Maojiao , Huang Bo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane vesicles derived from cells and serve as an endogenous mechanism for intercellular communication. Since the discovery of their capacity to effectively transfer biological information, their potential as drug delivery vehicles has garnered significant scientific interest. Particularly, EVs derived from mesenchymal cells (MSC-EVs) have emerged as a highly promising method for drug delivery. They can transport bioactive molecules, such as nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins, and possess the ability to modulate immune responses, transmit information, and target specific cells. EVs offer several advantages over conventional drug delivery systems, including their capacity to traverse natural barriers, inherent cell targeting capabilities, and stability in circulation. Compared to their parent cells, EVs exhibit low immunogenicity, ease of storage and transport, and a reduced risk of tumorigenesis. The diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases often involve invasive measures, and MSC-EVs have demonstrated initial efficacy in oral disease treatment. This review explores the application of MSC-EVs in maxillofacial tissue regeneration, periodontitis, temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis, Sjögren’s Syndrome, oral cancer, and other oral diseases. Additionally, it outlines potential future directions for the development of MSC-EVs. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of MSC-EVs in oral disease treatment and to stimulate interest in their applications for targeted drug delivery.
An Analysis of School-Based Mental Health Models and Policies
Authors: Kemp Caroline M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
The youth mental health crisis in the United States was exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as in part by widespread, frequent use of the internet and social media. Schools provide an opportune setting for delivering prompt preventative interventions to actively mitigate this crisis. The purpose of this project was to identify policy recommendations for improving school-based mental health services and reducing inequities in care, as well as to produce guidelines on how to advocate for better policies for school mental health services. School policies were analyzed in 3 states at 3 different levels: the state level, district level, and school level. To augment the policy reviews, unstructured interviews were conducted with 5 school nurses from the 3 states. Recommendations for just and sustainable policies for school-based mental health care and strategies on how to advocate for such policies are outlined. This project exemplifies the need for strong policies to support school mental health, with a focus on the role of the school nurse.
Extended High-Frequency Audiometry Using the Wireless Automated Hearing Test System Compared to Manual Audiometry in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Blankenship Chelsea M. , Hickson Lindsey M. , Quigley Tera , Larsen Erik , Lin Li , Hunter Lisa L. 
Published: December 2024

Objectives:
Valid wireless automated Békésy-like audiometry (ABA) outside a sound booth that includes extended high frequencies (EHF) would increase access to monitoring programs for individuals at risk for hearing loss, particularly those at risk for ototoxicity. The purpose of the study was to compare thresholds obtained with (1) manual audiometry using an Interacoustics Equinox and modified Hughson–Westlake 5 dB threshold technique to automated audiometry using the Wireless Automated Hearing Test System (WAHTS) and a Békésy-like 2 dB threshold technique inside a sound booth, and (2) ABA measured in the sound booth to ABA measured outside the sound booth.

Design:
Cross-sectional study including 28 typically developing children and adolescents (mean = 14.5 years; range = 10 to 18 years). Audiometric thresholds were measured from 0.25 to 16 kHz with manual audiometry inside the sound booth and with ABA measured both inside and outside the sound booth in counterbalanced order.

Results:
ABA thresholds measured inside the sound booth were overall about 5 dB better compared with manual thresholds in the conventional frequencies (0.25 to 8 kHz). In the EHFs (10 to 16 kHz), a larger threshold difference was observed, where ABA thresholds were overall about 14 dB better compared with manual thresholds. The majority of ABA thresholds measured outside the sound booth were within ±10 dB of ABA thresholds measured inside the sound booth (conventional: 86%; EHF: 80%). However, only 69% of ABA thresholds measured inside the sound booth were within ±10 dB of manual thresholds in the conventional frequencies and only 32% of ABA thresholds measured inside the sound booth were within ±10 dB of manual thresholds in the EHFs.

Conclusions:
These results indicate that WAHTS ABA results in better thresholds in conventional frequencies than manual audiometry in children and adolescents, consistent with previous studies in adults. Hearing thresholds for the EHF were better when measured with WAHTS ABA compared with manual audiometry, likely due to different transducer-related calibration values that are not age-adjusted. Additional studies of WAHTS automated Békésy-like EHF thresholds that include healthy pediatric participants are needed to establish age-appropriate normative thresholds for clinical application in monitoring programs for noise-induced hearing loss and/or ototoxicity.
Temporal Changes in PROMs Improvement and Recovery Kinetics Following Transforaminal Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy
Authors: Zhao Eric , Ehrlich Adin , Omurzakov Arsen , Asada Tomoyuki , Singleton Quante , Colon Luis , Owusu-Sarpong Stephane , Musharbash Farah , Halayqeh Sereen , Lui Adrian , Pezzi Andrea , Araghi Kasra , Subramanian Tejas , Mai Eric , Heuer Annika , Singh Nishtha , Tuma Olivia C. , Durbas Atahan , Harhash Tarek , Qureshi Sheeraz , Iyer Sravisht 
Published: December 2024

Study Design.
Retrospective cohort study

Objective.
to analyze trends in PROMs improvement and recovery kinetics following transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy and foraminotomy (TELD)

Summary of Background Data.
As TELDs become an increasingly common alternative to fusions for lateral disc herniations, it is important to understand patients’ postoperative recovery timelines to manage patient expectations. Although studies have shown improvement after TELD compared to preoperative baseline, there is a paucity of information regarding rate of postoperative improvement.

Methods.
Patients who underwent primary one- or two-level TELD for far lateral disc herniations with a minimum of 6-month follow-up were included. Outcomes included: patient reported outcome measures (PROMs), including Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), 12-Item Short Form Survey Physical Component Score (SF-12 PCS), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for back and leg; PROMs minimally clinically important difference (MCID); global rating of change (GRC); and return to activities. Timepoints included were preoperative, 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months. Trends in improvement were plotted on graphs and with P values displayed in tables.

Results.
51 patients were included. Mean operative time was 68.4±23.0 minutes and mean length of stay was 9.6±10.5 hours. There were statistically significant improvements in VAS back and leg at 2 weeks and 6 weeks, with a plateau after 6 weeks. ODI and SF-12 PCS did not experience statistically significant improvement until 6 weeks, which was also the point of plateau. VAS leg MCID and GRC peaked at 6 weeks. All patients returned to driving and discontinued opioids, and most patients returned to work. Median days to return to driving, work, and discontinue opioids were 8, 35, and 1, respectively.

Conclusion.
Patients can expect the majority of postoperative improvement to occur within 6 weeks, after which improvements tend to plateau. Around 75% of patients feel better compared to preoperative at 6 months. TELD may therefore spare some patients of a more invasive fusion initially.

Level of Evidence.
3