bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progress toward closing gaps in the hepatitis C virus cascade of care for people who inject drugs in San Francisco
Authors: Mirzazadeh Ali , Chen Yea-Hung , Lin Jess , Burk Katie , Wilson Erin C. , Miller Desmond , Veloso Danielle , McFarland Willi , Morris Meghan D. 
Published: April 2021

Background
People who inject drugs (PWID) are disproportionately affected by hepatitis C virus (HCV). Data tracking the engagement of PWID in the continuum of HCV care are needed to assess the reach, target the response, and gauge impact of HCV elimination efforts.

Methods
We analyzed data from the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) surveys of PWID recruited via respondent driven sampling (RDS) in San Francisco in 2018. We calculated the number and proportion who self-reported ever: (1) tested for HCV, (2) tested positive for HCV antibody, (3) diagnosed with HCV, (4) received HCV treatment, (5) and attained sustained viral response (SVR). To assess temporal changes, we compared 2018 estimates to those from the 2015 NHBS sample.

Results
Of 456 PWID interviewed in 2018, 88% had previously been tested for HCV, 63% tested antibody positive, and 50% were diagnosed with HCV infection. Of those diagnosed, 42% received treatment. Eighty-one percent of those who received treatment attained SVR. In 2015 a similar proportion of PWID were tested and received an HCV diagnosis, compared to 2018. However, HCV treatment was more prevalent in the 2018 sample (19% vs. 42%, P-value 0.01). Adjusted analysis of 2018 survey data showed having no health insurance (APR 1.6, P-value 0.01) and having no usual source of health care (APR 1.5, P-value 0.01) were significantly associated with untreated HCV prevalence.

Conclusion
While findings indicate an improvement in HCV treatment uptake among PWID in San Francisco, more than half of PWID diagnosed with HCV infection had not received HCV treatment in 2018. Policies and interventions to increase coverage are necessary, particularly among PWID who are uninsured and outside of regular care.
Opinions to Adapt Workplace Learning in The Time of Coronavirus and After
Authors: Hamburg Ileana 
Published: April 2021

Workplace learning supports the acquisition of knowledge or skills by formal or informal methods and means that occurs in the workplace. It contributes to the learning of employees, employers and the organization as a whole. As a response to COVID-19 disease, workplace learning had to be changed and many usual activities in this context have been postponed or canceled. Digital learning solutions and alternative activities have to be found in order to continue the learning process. Workplace learning is often incorporated into workplace social interactions and everyday practices, but it can include also formal elements and be supported by mentors and tutors. In this presentation, first some forms, benefits and requirements of workplace learning are described as well as steps and approaches like learning scenarios which have to be developed to ensure social distancing and promote digital learning at the workplace as a solution.
Second, some learning methods are proposed which can be applied within workplace learning and have been tested by the Study Group Lifelong Learning of the IAT within a European project.
An intelligent management system for aquaponics
Authors: Karimanzira Divas , Rauschenbach Thomas 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Population rise, climate change, soil degradation, water scarcity, and food security require efficient and sustainable food production. Aquaponics is a highly efficient way of farming and is becoming increasingly popular. However, large scale aquaponics still lack stability, standardization and proof of economical profitability. The EU-INAPRO project helps to overcome these limitations by introducing digitization, enhanced technology, and developing standardized modular scalable solutions and demonstrating the viability of large aquaponics. INAPRO is based on an innovation a double water recirculation system (DRAPS), one for fish, and the other one for crops. In DRAPS, optimum conditions can be set up individually for fish and crops to increase productivity of both. Moreover, the integration of digital technologies and data management in the aquaculture production and processing systems will enable full traceability and transparency in the processes, increasing consumers’ trust in aquaculture products. In this paper, the innovations and the digitization approach will be introduced and explained and the key benefits of the system will be emphasized.
Soil monitoring for precision farming using hyperspectral remote sensing and soil sensors
Authors: Schreiner Simon , Culibrk Dubravko , Bandecchi Michele , Gross Wolfgang , Middelmann Wolfgang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This work describes an approach to calculate pedological parameter maps using hyperspectral remote sensing and soil sensors. These maps serve as information basis for automated and precise agricultural treatments by tractors and field robots. Soil samples are recorded by a handheld hyperspectral sensor and analyzed in the laboratory for pedological parameters. The transfer of the correlation between these two data sets to aerial hyperspectral images leads to 2D-parameter maps of the soil surface. Additionally, rod-like soil sensors provide local 3D-information of pedological parameters under the soil surface. The goal is to combine the area-covering 2D-parameter maps with the local 3D-information to extrapolate large-scale 3D-parameter maps using AI approaches.
The potentials of indoor farming for plant production
Authors: Mempel Heike , Jüttner Ivonne , Wittmann Sabine 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Plant production in indoor farming systems offers significant advantages compared to open field or greenhouse production systems. Especially in terms of quality and the ability for automation the system is superior to the conventional production systems. Concerning resource consumption indoor farming has considerable advantages in regard to water consumption and the use of pesticides. The main disadvantage is the high consumption of electrical energy. Taking advantage of the specific benefits or eliminating the disadvantages, for example by using renewable energies, different potentials and fields of application for indoor farming arise. The paper outlines the potentials and future fields of application of indoor farming considering the specific differences to conventional production systems related to resource consumption, quality and automation.
Influence of pattern anisotropy on the structural behaviour of free-edge single-layer gridshells
Authors: Venuti Fiammetta 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Free-edge gridshells represent the majority of built gridshells. Indeed, the gridshell reference geometry usually needs to be trimmed in order to provide building access or to insert the gridshell within an existing building, giving rise to one or more elastic boundaries. Despite the current design practice, so far a very limited number of scientific studies has been devoted to investigate the influence of elastic boundaries on the overall structural behaviour of gridshells. This paper focuses on the effects of the orientation of the boundary structure with respect to the grid direction. This is done by studying the buckling behaviour of an ideal single-layer steel gridshell, for different grid layout (quadrangular, hybrid, triangular) and orientation. The results of the parametric study demonstrate that the sensitivity of free-edge single-layer gridshells to the free-edge orientation strongly depends on the grid pattern. In particular, isotropic gridshells have shown an almost negligible influence of the free-edge orientation in terms of buckling load, in opposition to orthotropic gridshells. Moreover, the change in free-edge orientation induces significant variations of the global structural stiffness for all the layouts, resulting in possibly unacceptable displacements in service conditions.
The spatial distribution characteristics of Nb–Ta of mafic rocks in subduction zones
Authors: Li Weiwei , Ge Can , Wang Fangyue , Sun He , Gu Haiou 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
High field-strength elements have been regarded as one of the most important discriminations in subduction zone magma. However, the spatial distribution of Nb and Ta in subduction zone-related rocks has been rarely studied; it is still unclear whether there is a quantitative relationship between the Nb–Ta concentrations and their subduction distance. In this paper, the Nb–Ta concentrations of mafic rocks in arc tectonic systems were calculated from a statistical perspective based on the combined geophysical model and geochemical database. The results showed a typical spatial distribution pattern. The threshold value of Nb (12.20 ppm) and Ta (0.796 ppm) in arc settings was estimated by a cumulative distribution function, which can be used to determine whether the rock is generated in arc tectonic environment. A probability density function of Nb–Ta contents and related subduction distance has been obtained using kernel function estimation. The Nb–Ta concentrations are exponentially correlated with the subduction distance (<700 km), while the Nb/Ta ratios keep in the range of 12–19. We proposed that the subduction depth, along with the degree of partial melting, and possible crustal contamination might be responsible for the Nb–Ta variation correlation with subduction distances.
Degree of approximation in the space H
ω

p
by the even-type delayed arithmetic mean of Fourier series
Authors: Kim Jaeman 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to give a
degree of approximation of a function in the space

H
p
ω

{H^{\omega}_{p}}

with norm

∥
⋅
∥

p
ω

{\lVert\,\cdot\,\rVert^{\omega}_{p}}

by using even-type delayed
arithmetic mean of its Fourier series.
Natural durability and improved resistance of 20 Amazonian wood species after 30 years in ground contact
Authors: Gouveia Fernando Nunes , da Silveira Marcelo Fontana , Garlet Alencar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to assess the natural durability of 20 Amazonian wood species preserved with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) after 30 years in ground contact in an experimental field test at National Forest of Tapajós, Pará state - Brazil. Heartwood samples with a cross-section of 5 × 5 cm and 50 cm of length were half-buried in soil and inspected every year for decay. The species were classified according to natural durability following the classification method proposed by Findlay (Findlay, W.P.K. (1985). The nature and durability of wood. In: Findlay, W.P.K. (Ed.), Preservation of timber in the tropics. Springer Science, Whitchurch, pp. 1–13). After 30 years in ground test, six species were classified as Perishable, seven as Non-durable, three as Durable and four as Very durable, namely: Trichilia lecointei, Lecythis pisonis, Pseudopiptadenia suaveolens, and Dipteryx odorata (Very durable), Protium tenuifolium, Dinizia excelsa, and Ormosia paraensis (Durable), Endopleura uchi, Goupia glabra, Pouteria egregia, Tachigali chrysophylla, Tachigali paraensis, Vatairea sericea, and Vochysia maxima (Non-durable) and Chrysophyllum lucentifolium, Couratari oblongifolia, Didymopanax morototoni, Lueheopsis duckeana, Sterculia excelsa, and Xylopia nitida (Perishable). CCA preservative treatment was effective to promote timber protection, even under harsh climatic conditions of the Amazon forest environment.
More than one way: exploring the capabilities of different estimation approaches to joint models for longitudinal and time-to-event outcomes
Authors: Rappl Anja , Mayr Andreas , Waldmann Elisabeth 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The development of physical functioning after a caesura in an aged population is still widely unexplored. Analysis of this topic would need to model the longitudinal trajectories of physical functioning and simultaneously take terminal events (deaths) into account. Separate analysis of both results in biased estimates, since it neglects the inherent connection between the two outcomes. Thus, this type of data generating process is best modelled jointly. To facilitate this several software applications were made available. They differ in model formulation, estimation technique (likelihood-based, Bayesian inference, statistical boosting) and a comparison of the different approaches is necessary to identify their capabilities and limitations. Therefore, we compared the performance of the packages JM, joineRML, JMbayes and JMboost of the R software environment with respect to estimation accuracy, variable selection properties and prediction precision. With these findings we then illustrate the topic of physical functioning after a caesura with data from the German ageing survey (DEAS). The results suggest that in smaller data sets and theory driven modelling likelihood-based methods (expectation maximation, JM, joineRML) or Bayesian inference (JMbayes) are preferable, whereas statistical boosting (JMboost) is a better choice with high-dimensional data and data exploration settings.
Identification of causal intervention effects under contagion
Authors: Cai Xiaoxuan , Loh Wen Wei , Crawford Forrest W. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Defining and identifying causal intervention effects for transmissible infectious disease outcomes is challenging because a treatment – such as a vaccine – given to one individual may affect the infection outcomes of others. Epidemiologists have proposed causal estimands to quantify effects of interventions under contagion using a two-person partnership model. These simple conceptual models have helped researchers develop causal estimands relevant to clinical evaluation of vaccine effects. However, many of these partnership models are formulated under structural assumptions that preclude realistic infectious disease transmission dynamics, limiting their conceptual usefulness in defining and identifying causal treatment effects in empirical intervention trials. In this paper, we propose causal intervention effects in two-person partnerships under arbitrary infectious disease transmission dynamics, and give nonparametric identification results showing how effects can be estimated in empirical trials using time-to-infection or binary outcome data. The key insight is that contagion is a causal phenomenon that induces conditional independencies on infection outcomes that can be exploited for the identification of clinically meaningful causal estimands. These new estimands are compared to existing quantities, and results are illustrated using a realistic simulation of an HIV vaccine trial.
World-switch and mind style inThe Barracks:a cognitive approach to ideology
Authors: Alarcón-Hermosilla Salvador 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to take a close look at John McGahern’s mind style through the language of the heroine Elizabeth Reegan and other characters, in his 1963 novelThe Barracks. Specifically, attention will be drawn to how the linguistic choices shape the figurative language to cast the author’s controversial views on the religion-pervaded puritan Irish society that he knew so well. This will be done from two different perspectives. One perspective is through the breast cancer afflicted heroine, who asserts herself as a free thinker and a woman of science, in a society where priests have a strong influence at all social levels, and most women settle for housekeeping. The other is also through Elizabeth, together with other minor characters, who dare question some of the basic well-established ideological assumptions, in a series of examples where the author skilfully raises two parallel dichotomies, namely, FAITH versus REASON, and DARKNESS versus LIGHT. At a linguistic level, the present analysis relies on precepts from Frame Semantics, Conceptual Metaphor Theory, and Cognitive Grammar. These insights prove a most useful method of approach to a narrative text while unearthing the author’s ideological world view.
Pulmonary and cutaneous mucormycosis in two children with diabetes mellitus type 1
Authors: Ghaemi Nosrat , Bagheri Sepide , Shirdelzade Sara 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Mucormycosis is a life-threatening condition that can be present in diabetes mellitus. Although the rhino-orbito-cerebral form is the most common, other types may be developed as well.

Case presentation
The present study reports two children with diabetes who had the cutaneous and pulmonary forms of mucormycosis. The first case was a four-year-old boy without a history of diabetes admitted due to loss of consciousness and a necrotic lesion on his hand. The second was an 11-year-old boy with dyspnea, polyuria, and polydipsia who had developed diabetes two years before, and whose chest X-ray had shown a pulmonary lesion. Both cases were treated with surgical implementation and appropriate antifungal therapy.

Conclusions
Mucormycosis is a fatal condition that can even be present at the onset of diabetes mellitus. Therefore, any diabetic patient with any presentation of respiratory symptoms such as coughs, or any cutaneous lesion should be examined carefully for mucormycosis after which prompt treatment must begin.
Topological guided-mode resonances at non-Hermitian nanophotonic interfaces
Authors: Lee Ki Young , Yoo Kwang Wook , Choi Youngsun , Kim Gunpyo , Cheon Sangmo , Yoon Jae Woong , Song Seok Ho 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The topological properties of photonic microstructures are of great interest because of their experimental feasibility for fundamental study and potential applications. Here, we show that robust guided-mode-resonance states exist in photonic domain-wall structures whenever the complex photonic band structures involve certain topological correlations in general. Using the non-Hermitian photonic analogy of the one-dimensional Dirac equation, we derive essential conditions for photonic Jackiw-Rebbi-state resonances taking advantage of unique spatial confinement and spot-like spectral features which are remarkably robust against random parametric errors. Therefore, the proposed resonance configuration potentially provides a powerful method to create compact and stable photonic resonators for various applications in practice.
Eating habits and food literacy: Study involving a sample of Portuguese adolescents
Authors: Ferreira Manuela , Guiné Raquel P. F. , Leitão Ana Lúcia , Duarte João , Andrade Joana , Amaral Odete 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Adolescents tend to neglect food and their eating pattern is influenced by several factors. Adolescents’ health literacy substantiates their ability to respond to the growing demands of health, being linked to health promotion in several areas, including food. The goal of this work was to analyze the relationship between sociodemographic and contextual variables with secondary school students’ food literacy. A quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study was carried out with a sample of 181 nonprobabilistic secondary school students, aged between 16 and 21 years (mean = 18.09 years ± 1.45), mostly female (58.0%), from 11th grade (35.4%), who are part of a secondary school in central Portugal. As a tool for data collection, the questionnaire of the project “Your PEL – Promote and Empower for Health Literacy in the young population” was used, aggregating three areas: eating behaviors, harmful consumptions and sexuality. The results showed that 58.6% of young people eat 4–5 meals a day, consume fast food weekly (79%) and eat soup (82.3%). Additionally, they eat fruit and vegetables on a daily basis (94.5 and 83.4%, respectively). The results further showed that 10th grade students have higher levels of health and food literacy. It was observed that both girls and boys are interested in receiving information regarding food, transmitted through social networks and by a communication application (84.5 and 73.5%, respectively), with significant differences (χ
2 = 4.768; p = 0.028). Adolescents face unique health challenges and a critical level of health literacy compromises their understanding of information about diet and future health. The results indicate that educational plans to empower adolescents in these areas, which integrate gender and age differences and sources of information as important variables to be considered, are pivotal for increasing levels of health and food literacy.
The urinary biopterin in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Waligóra Aleksandra , Damasiewicz-Bodzek Aleksandra , Gorczyca Piotr , Waligóra Sławomir , Tyrpień-Golder Krystyna 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective
The aim of the study was to determine whether biopterin is present in significantly lower quantities in urine samples of patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to healthy individuals.

Methods
The concentration of biopterin in urine samples was measured by ELISA using commercially available kit. The study involved 53 children aged 3–16 years with ASD and 60 healthy children aged 2–14 years.

Results
Significantly lower biopterin concentration was observed in autistic patients compared to the control group. However, no significant difference was observed between mild, moderate, and severe ASD.

Conclusion
One of the potential causes of decrease in urinary biopterin levels may be tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiency, which has extensive and serious health consequences for the nervous system. The results of measuring biopterin as a fully oxidized form of BH4 may suggest that biosynthesis or regeneration of BH4 may be decreased in children with ASD. On the other hand, decreased urinary biopterin levels in children with ASD may be due to BH4 overuse, a good regeneration process, and decreased urinary excretion; and abnormalities in BH4 metabolism appear to be related to the aetiology of ASD or may be due to ASD.
Analysis on stochastic predator-prey model with distributed delay
Authors: Gokila C. , Sambath M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the present work, we consider a stochastic predator-prey model with disease in prey and distributed delay. Firstly, we establish sufficient conditions for the extinction of the disease and also permanence of healthy prey and predator. Besides, we obtain the condition for the existence of an ergodic stationary distribution through the stochastic Lyapunov function. Finally, we provide some numerical simulations to validate our theoretical findings.