bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addition and subtraction as a valuation mechanism for valuable buildings
Authors: Almajdi Basim Hasan , Mohsin Abbas Na’im , Ali Tabark Hussein 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The architects argue in the ways and mechanisms of determining the valuable buildings and how it is possible to infer the uniqueness of single building from others according to the value of that building, mainly based on the form and composition, so researchers proceeded to the duality of addition and subtraction to read, evaluate and critique valuable buildings, hence the research problem appeared in the scientific need to detect the role of addition and subtraction within the evaluation of the uniqueness of valuable buildings and features of the achieved product within the two and three-dimension levels.
The aim of the research is to clarify the cognitive perception about the nature of uniqueness and its characteristics in the case that the building accepts addition and subtraction within the framework of evaluation and architectural criticism and in the context of applied verification. Most important conclusions clarified that the use of the addition and subtraction is a double-edged sword, it may serve to enhance the uniqueness of the product generated by this process of the original building, or it may serve to weaken it and thus strip it of the characteristic of uniqueness that it previously had.
The creation of 3D building models using laser-scanning data for BIM modelling
Authors: Kadhim N , Mhmood A D , Abd-Ulabbas A H 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The digital 3D models of the buildings based on laser-scanning data become a vital source of data and information repository to the Architecture, Construction, Engineering and Facilities Management (AEC & FM) sectors. A major advantage of the points cloud data captured by laser-scanning technology is its ability to the representation of the details of the three-dimensional models to exemplify the as-is conditions of buildings. However, the creation process of 3D models from the dense coloured 3D points provided by laser scanners has a significant impact on the quality of that produced models including building edges, walls, doors and windows. In particular, much uncertainty still exists about the compatibilities between the points cloud data formats and software extensions for the creation of as-is Building Information Modelling (BIM) models of the buildings. This paper presents a new framework for the creation of a 3D building model by transferring laser-scanning data into BIM software, such as Autodesk Revit. In our framework, an adopted link between software extensions was established in creating an accurate 3D building model. This framework is a road map of the required steps for investing the points cloud data relevant to BIM modelling. The promising results of the new approach illustrate to extract the 3D models of the buildings can reduce time-consuming, cost and efforts in dealing with or transferring laser-scanning data into Autodesk Revit for BIM models.
Effect of Structural Design Efficiency in Achieving Stability and Efficiency of the Architectural Design
Authors: Oleiwi Mohammed S , Majeed Nidaa N , Yaseen Rushdi A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The research dealt with the historical development of construction systems, their compatibility with architectural spaces, and the functional and expressive aspects of the various construction systems. Then, it discussed the creativity in the construction systems, which composed of structural elements, and elements interrelated and interactive with each other, in order to complete the structural function specified for design, with the provision of stability elements. The research was conducted based on the analytical method by adopting a field study and a research tool, which was the questionnaire form used in collecting data from the study sample to discover the effect of the contemporary construction systems and materials on the architectural spaces, after verifying its validity and performing the statistical analysis. The research sample was selected according to the study variables (gender, education, and years of experience). It was found that the diversity in construction materials and systems can lead to flexibility in the architectural space. Also, a comfortable space, problem-free, can be a result of the compatibility between architectural design and structural design. Furthermore, there is a functional impact of modern construction materials on space by adopting the surface texture of the construction materials to address the architectural space design.
The role of the urban soundscape in identification of Baghdad traditional city
Authors: Hassan Susan Abed , Taha Hiyam Siham 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Sounds of the city reflect daily life activity, social interaction, and special features. The interaction between people and sounds strengthens the identity of a place in the city. Each city has its own characteristics and elements of sounds that distinguish it. There were many recent studies that define the city soundscape. The main research problem is the lack of knowledge about the role of the urban soundscape in the identification of Baghdad traditional city. This article studied the impact of urban soundscape and analyzed its characteristics and elements and its effect on identification of traditional Baghdad city, a questionnaire were conducted in 10 points about the patterns of sound sources and the presence of sounds, satisfaction, belonging, relaxing, spatial enclosure, annoying, specialty of the soundscape, the locate of position, and gradient of sounds, and a total of 30 people were interviewed in three main traditional streets in Al-Shawakaa traditional district. Measurements of sound pressure levels were also made for the total sounds to identify the most prominent types of sounds. The results showed that soundscape for the traditional cities had its indices that enhancing human awareness of soundscape and identification of the place.
Controlling Natural Resources Depletion by Sustainable Earth brick
Authors: Elavarasan S , Priya A K , Kavinkumar V , Raman S Venkat , Gowri Shankar S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
These days, the utilization of Earth Bricks is as yet not well known in spite of its tremendous preferences, particularly from the ecological and supportability perspectives. The significant expense of materials and experienced work has kept quit numerous individuals from working with proper and safe development strategies. Building up a reasonable, safe, and maintainable structure framework has become a basic undertaking for structural architects and specialists around the world. The structure business has burned-through a huge measure of normal assets and furthermore been liable for a critical energy use. Earth blocks have the most reduced exemplified energy of any structure material and make structures that are unrivaled in energy proficiency. Later on, where the savvy, long haul energy preservation and convenience material are the destinations, Earth block is the ideal decision for energy proficiency and strength. The primary goal of this investigation is to examine the impacts of utilizing Metakaolin with geopolymer binder to settle the earth block. The geopolymer binder will be a combination of metakaolin and soluble arrangement. Earth Bricks will be balanced out with 5, 10, 15 and 20% of geopolymer binder and it will be contrasted and Earth Blocks containing 5% of portland cement.
Evaluation of Axial Capacity of Cold formed Steel Section
Authors: Saravanakumar R , Elango K S , Gopi R , Kaleeswaran C 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Cold-formed steel (CFS) sections have gained popularity in the recent years primarily because of their high strength-to-weight ratio and faster constructions. They are manufactured by forming plane sheets made of steel in ambient temperature and the same used in different shapes as per the requirement criteria. This present study assesses the axial capacity of CFST columns against current design standards. The column strength predicted by using the Effective width Method (EVM) as per AISI S100-16, 2016 and IS 801-1975.
Design and Manufacturing of Internet of Things based Mobile Application Controlled Automobile Screw Jack
Authors: Ramesh Babu S , Monith V , Naveen Kumar J M , Naveen R , Muthu Kumar R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The objective of our paper is to design and model a mobile application-controlled automobile screw jack using android programming as an Internet of Things platform. Today’s importance on technology expansion has projected a good design and quality product in a lesser time to ease the complicated process of human being. The development of software has become a vital in the digital world to satisfy a number of demands of the user or applications. In order to accomplish the demand of current era, the article has been modelled a design for a mobile enabled hydraulic screw jack system. The description of evolving design and signification of its industrial implication has been shown here. Screw jack used for automobiles is emerging as necessary technology expansion in the industry of automobiles to produce application that allows lifting heavy load on applying less effort. The primary importance of the design of automobile screw jack is to reduce human involvement and their contribution to lift a load. Further there is a significance increases in the efficiency of screw jack model and its designs as ergonomically, (i.e.) neglecting of the complex operating as well as positioning of the screw jack by the operators. On usage of hydraulic system and pneumatic system, the system reduces involvement to lift load on basis of the computation calculation. But in this case also complexity in the posture and position of worker during the operation remains the same here. Hence, we have to design a jack for car which is motorised for easiness of use. But somehow in any case of failure in this electronic system, then the jack will be not able to work further manually. In this work, the entire setup is administrated by mobile application which is constructed as MIT app maker and the important functionality of this project is controlled using Arduino Uno which controls all the motors by obtaining signals from the app with help of a wifi module (ESP8266), Arduino builds the code which is encoded into it by Arduino encoder. Entire assembly is propagated by 60 RPM DC motors. Importance of this model is to make system as effortless and fast response in weight lifting, further it reduces the physical fatigue felt by the weight lift operating employee. Experimental results prove that proposed model outperforms the existing Bluetooth based model on terms of the efficiency and accuracy.
Removal of Textile Effluent dyes using Tunic of Allium Cepa
Authors: Yogeshwaran V , Archana E S , Gitanjali D , Gowsalyadevi G 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Textile effluents are the one most calumnious threat to the environment, which have a lot of chronic effect towards the human beings. Colour is the main experimental variable to recognize the water has contaminated. Out of many techniques, Adsorption is attaining a specific place of importance due to its scope choosing naturally available materials. Activated Carbon from Tunic of Allium cepa (ACTAC) had been chosen as an Adsorbent, as it is abundantly available. ACTAC was used for optimization studies for the removal of selected dyes from the Textile effluents. The selected dyes are safranine, Indigoid, Alizarin Red S and Crystal violet belongs to the Azo and Anthraquinone family dyes respectively. These dyes are selected as they are not degradable easily and are very toxic in nature. The optimum percentage removal of selected dyes from the textile effluent was reported as 80, 70.95, 45 and 74 respectively.
Design and manufacturing of Shock pot mounts for Road Quality Analysis
Authors: Singh Aditya , Khatawate Vinayak H. , Tiwari Aditya , Shah Omesh 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The main purpose of this project was to design and fabricate a system that can be used for road quality analysis. It incorporates a linear potentiometer sensor to sense the displacement of the wheel, a data logger module to collect and store the sensor data, and a mechanical mount to hold the sensor rigidly in the desired position. The sensor data stored in the datalogger is then filtered and smoothened using Butterworth filter to get clean data. This data is further plotted on a displacement v/s distance graph. Standard color codes are decided and are assigned to each condition based on their ratios. Color codes, therefore, helps in the quick graphical interpretation of the data. The solid model of the mounts is done on solid modelling software and the data interpretation part is done using MATLAB. The proposed system can be mounted on various vehicles and can be further improved by analysing the live data and representing them on the navigation systems.
A Review on Experimental Investigation of Magnetic Abrasive Finishing process
Authors: Anjaneyulu K , Venkatesh G 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Magnetic Abrasive Finishing (MAF) is one of the superfinishing processes that produce nanoscale finishing for both metals and non-metals. Also, the MAF process can be utilized for the finishing of magnetic and non-magnetic materials. The basic mechanism of the MAF process consists of a flexible magnetic abrasive brush (FMAB) is developed using magnetic particles and abrasives. The FMAB acts as a multipoint cutting tool and removes material with the application of indentation and shearing action of abrasives. The literature suggests that the concept of surface finish (SF) and material removal rate (MRR) in MAF is limited to only a few materials. However, the phenomena involved in this process must be studied to improve the process mechanism and surface finish capabilities. In this review paper, the concept of surface finish mechanisms using MAF has been revised to date, the possibility of future research has been named and talked over. Attempts to improve the surface finish of MAF are also talked about.
Mechanical behaviour of natural coconut/banana fiber reinforced composites
Authors: Raghul K S , Abhiram R , Anand S , Ragul R Vijay 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In today’s trend, research on composites is growing, and there is always a need for alternative materials. Natural fibre reinforced composites were chosen over man-made fibres because they are easier to fabricate and use less energy. It’s also affordable and has a power that’s equivalent to synthetic fibres. A composite is made up of a matrix phase and a non-matrix phase. A composite is made up of two phases: matrix and reinforcement. Resin + hardener are the matrix phases used. It is a primary phase that has a constant shape. This step is normally more ductile and less hard. coconut and banana fibre form the reinforcing process, which has a discontinuous form. As compared to matrix process, it normally has more power. The properties of a 0%, 1%, 3% and 5% of nano material imposition were compared. In comparison a plate with 5% Nano Silica has maximum (tensile & flexural) strength. The plate with a 1% Nano silica has the highest impact strength.
Experimental Investigation of Microbial Precipitation of Concrete with Bacillus Halodurans
Authors: Meenaksi B S , Kanmani S , Sakthivel K , Varun S , Srithar R C 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study is about the potential for bacteria to fill the micro pores in the concrete the experimental investigation was to find the ability of the concrete with and without bacteria. The micro pores are filled by calcite precipitation created by the bacteria that will create autogenous healing to the concrete. The bacillus family bacteria was create the alkali-resistant spore this formation make as self-healing of the concrete. The active viable period of the bacteria was 4 months in water before adding to the concrete. The continuous decrease of the spore size diameter in concrete its helps to increase the compressive strength of the concrete. The life span and the concrete that is the durability of the concrete was increased we have a sustainable concrete. The present investigation is aimed to answer the following queries: Growth and culture of bacteria, effect of different cell concentration of bacteria embedded on the strength and durability characteristics of concrete.
Ambient Air Quality During Covid 19 Pandemic in Chennai-An Urban Metro City of India
Authors: Ezhilkumar Marimuthu Rajendran , Swamy Manohar Aravind , Nandhagopal Ramesh , Santhosh Kumar S , Ragul Barath N G S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
COVID’19 pandemics has brought a tremendous change in the regular human life style due to the severity of the virus. In addition, a positive impact was observed in the ambient air quality due to complete absence of anthropogenic activities contributing to the air pollutants in the urban sprawl for a short duration because of the lockdown restrictions imposed by the government. In this study, we have discussed the trend of air quality with respect to pre-lockdown, lockdown, and post-lockdown. It was observed that on an average 50%-70% decrease in pollutant concentration measured during lockdown compared to pre-lockdown measurements. However, post-lockdown shown an increasing trend in concentration but are within the permissible limits due to the restrictions imposed in the post-lockdown. This short analysis presented in this paper highlights the effect of lockdown over air quality improvement observed in a densely populate metro city of Tamil Nadu.
Quantitative comparison of luminescence probes for biomedical applications
Authors: Krajnik B , Golacki L W , Fiedorczyk E , Bański M , Noculak A , Hołodnik K M , Podhorodecki A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Optical imaging holds great promise for the early-stage detection of diseases. It plays an important role in the process of protecting the patient’s health. Most of the organic dyes suffer due to photobleaching, light scattering, short light penetration depth, and autofluorescence of specimen, thus, need to be replaced with alternative nanoprobes emitting light in the optical biological window (700–1350 nm). The group of candidates which can challenged described problems are colloidal quantum dots (e.g. CdSe and PbS) and upconverting nanocrystals (e.g. NaGdF4:Er, Yb). This paper presents comprehensive and systematic studies of the aforementioned probes, using specially designed tissue phantom, and custom-built wide-field fluorescence microscope. We investigated how the absorption and scattering of light at the water, hemoglobin, and intralipid may affect the intensity of luminescence probes and the quality of optical images. We propose a protocol, that could be easily implemented for investigating other nanoprobes that allow for comparison of their optical performance.
An ultracold molecular beam for testing fundamental physics
Authors: Alauze X , Lim J , Trigatzis M A , Swarbrick S , Collings F J , Fitch N J , Sauer B E , Tarbutt M R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We use two-dimensional transverse laser cooling to produce an ultracold beam of YbF molecules. Through experiments and numerical simulations, we study how the cooling is influenced by the polarization configuration, laser intensity, laser detuning and applied magnetic field. The ultracold part of the beam contains more than 2 × 105 molecules per shot and has a temperature below 200 μK, and the cooling yields a 300-fold increase in the brightness of the beam. The method can improve the precision of experiments that use molecules to test fundamental physics. In particular, the beam is suitable for measuring the electron electric dipole moment with a statistical precision better than 10−30 e cm.
Neutrophil-derived heparin binding protein triggers vascular leakage and synergizes with myeloperoxidase at the early stage of severe burns (With video)
Authors: Liu Lu , Shao Yiming , Zhang Yixuan , Yang Yunxi , Huang Jiamin , Li Linbin , Sun Ran , Zhou Yuying , Su Yicheng , Sun Bingwei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Burn shock caused by vascular leakage is one of the main causes of high mortality in severe burn injury. However, the pathophysiological mechanism of vascular leakage is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the molecular mechanism of vascular leakage in the early stage of severe burn and provide a new target for the treatment of severe burns.

Methods
Neutrophils were isolated from human peripheral blood by magnetic beads sorting. ELISA was used to detect neutrophil-derived granule proteins and glycocalyx injury products in plasma. The vascular leakage and neutrophil movement were assessed by in vivo laser confocal imaging in mice, and high-quality video were provided. Adhesion-related molecules were investigated by qRT-PCR. The damage to glycocalyx of mice vascular endothelial cells was observed by transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope. Proteomic analysis, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were used to further study the relationship between human peripheral blood neutrophil-derived hypochlorite (HOCl) and CD44 of human vascular endothelial cells.

Results
In this study, we found that rapidly increasing activated neutrophils secrete heparin binding protein (HBP) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) after severe burn injury. Increased HBP triggers vascular leakage with synergy of MPO, results in systemic edema and burn shock. Furthermore, we found that the MPO catalytic product HOCl but not MPO triggers CD44 extracellular domain shedding from vascular endothelial cells to damage the glycocalyx. Damage to the glycocalyx results in firm adhesion of neutrophils and increases vascular leakage. However, MPO inhibitors partially protect the glycocalyx of vascular endothelial cells. The combination of HBP and MPO inhibitors markedly reduces vascular leakage and systemic edema in the early stage of severe burns.

Conclusions
Taken together, these data reveal that neutrophil-derived HBP and MPO play an important synergies role in triggering vascular leakage at the early stage of severe burns. Targeted intervention in these two biomolecules may introduce new strategies for helping to reduce large amount of fluid loss and subsequent burn shock.
Real-time machine learning-based intensive care unit alarm classification without prior knowledge of the underlying rhythm
Authors: Au-Yeung Wan-Tai M , Sevakula Rahul K , Sahani Ashish K , Kassab Mohamad , Boyer Richard , Isselbacher Eric M , Armoundas Antonis A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Aims
This work attempts to develop a standalone heart rhythm alerting system for the intensive care unit (ICU), where life-threatening arrhythmias have to be identified/alerted more precisely and more instantaneously (i.e. with lower latency) than existing bedside monitors.

Methods and results
We use the dataset from the PhysioNet 2015 Challenge, which contains records that led to true and false arrhythmic alarms in the ICU. These records have been re-annotated as one of eight classes, namely (i) asystole, (ii) extreme bradycardia, (iii) extreme tachycardia, (iv) ventricular fibrillation (VF), (v) ventricular tachycardia (VT), (vi) normal sinus rhythm, (vii) sinus tachycardia, and (viii) noise/artefacts. Arrhythmia-specific features and features that measure the signal quality were extracted from all the records. To improve VF detection, an improved, over an existing, single-lead R-wave detection was developed that takes into account the R-waves detected in all electrocardiographic (ECG) leads. To avoid false R-wave detection due to pacing spikes, ECG signals were filtered with a low pass filter prior to R-wave detection, while the raw signals were used for feature extraction. Random forest was used as the classifier, and 10-time five-fold cross-validation, resulted in a macro-average sensitivity of 81.54%.

Conclusions
In conclusion, comparing with the bedside monitors used in the PhysioNet 2015 competition, we find that our method achieves higher positive predictive values for asystole, extreme bradycardia, VT, and VF; furthermore, our method is able to alert the presence of arrhythmia instantaneously, i.e. up to 4 s earlier.