bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Staining Solutions on Color Stability, Gloss and Surface Roughness of Removable Partial Dental Prosthetic Polymers
Authors: Papathanasiou Ioannis , Papavasiliou George , Kamposiora Phophi , Zoidis Panagiotis 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeTo assess the effect of commonly used solutions on color stability, gloss, and surface roughness of removable partial dental prostheses polymers.Materials and methodsDiscs (n = 112) were made of a poly(etheretherketone) (PEEK) polymer, a polyamide, an acetal resin and a heat‐cured poly(methylmethacrylate) PMMA acrylic resin polished according to manufacturers’ instructions. Seven specimens of each material were immersed in coffee, red wine, coca cola and distilled water for 30 days at 37οC. Changes of color (ΔΕ*) and color coordinates L*α*b* after immersion were calculated with a colorimeter. Changes in the values of gloss and surface roughness parameters (Sa, Sz, Str, Sdr, Sci, Svi) were also measured. Two‐way ANOVA and pairwise comparisons were used to evaluate the effect of material and staining solution on parameter value alterations (α = 0.05).ResultsThe two‐way ANOVA revealed that the interaction between material and staining solution significantly affected color changes after immersion [F(9,96) = 44.67, p < 0.001]. PEEK presented the lowest color change (ΔΕ* = 3.83 ± 2) while polyamide had the highest color change overall (ΔΕ* = 14.59 ± 8.65) (p < 0.001). Coffee caused the highest color (ΔΕ* = 13.08 ± 6.98) and gloss changes (ΔG = –6.36 ± 19.2 GU) among different solutions (p < 0.001). PEEK showed the highest alteration of gloss (ΔG = –11.31 ± 15.49 GU), with significant difference with the other three materials (p < 0.001). Insignificant interaction of material and immersing solution was found for surface roughness parameters (p > 0.05).ConclusionsAmong the materials tested, PEEK seemed to be the most stable material when subjected to common, everyday staining solutions. Therefore, PEEK could be a viable solution for an RPDP framework fabrication, expanding the material list of prosthetic options. Further research and clinical trials are required to confirm the above statement.
The contribution of intimate relationships to legal socialization: Legitimacy, legal cynicism, and relationship characteristics
Authors: Forrest Walter 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLegal attitudes, such as legal cynicism and perceived legitimacy, develop through an ongoing process of legal socialization involving both legal authorities and non‐legal agents of socialization. Most research on the non‐legal sources of legal socialization has focused on authorities most relevant to the early stages of the life‐course. Few studies have examined the influence of non‐legal sources of socialization relevant to adulthood, even though early pioneers of the field anticipated that legal socialization involves a life‐long process. In this article, I investigate the influence of changes in intimate relationships and their characteristics on legal cynicism and legitimacy. Using data from a longitudinal study of serious, young offenders, I investigate the extent to which changes in relationship characteristics contribute to within‐individual changes in legitimacy and legal cynicism during the transition from adolescence to early adulthood. The results indicate that changes in the characteristics of intimate relationships are associated with changes in legal attitudes, and that these involve both direct and indirect effects. These findings highlight the importance of non‐legal sources of legal socialization over the life‐course and show that they are not confined to the authority figures traditionally acknowledged in the legal socialization literature.
Assessment of subclinical effects of Hepatitis E virus infection in the United States
Authors: Anugwom Chimaobi , Campbell Christopher , Debes Jose D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSome studies have exposed an increase in liver cirrhosis in hepatitis E seropositive individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus. The interrelation between HEV seroprevalence and risk of liver disease in immune‐competent individuals remains under‐ investigated. Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data containing >30,000 subjects, we addressed if HEV exposure leads to subclinical effects that can influence liver health. We determined the association between HEV IgM and ALT and that of HEV IgG and Fib‐4—a composite score reflecting potential liver fibrosis. These analyses were repeated in populations at risk for liver disease as well as among different races and ethnicities. The prevalence of HEV IgG was significantly associated with age as IgG positive individuals were, on average, 20 years older than IgG negative patients. We found a statistically significant increase in the likelihood of having a Fib‐4 score >1.45 (significant fibrosis) in those positive for HEV IgG (RR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01–1.05). However, due to the small effect, it is unlikely that this association has clinical significance. Moreover, the effect was not present in those with pre‐existing liver disease. We found no association between ALT levels and the presence of HEV IgM or IgG. This is the first study examining subclinical effects of HEV infection in the United States. Our study found that in the general US population, predominantly asymptomatic HEV infections do not contribute to the overall burden of liver disease.
Clinical significance of quantitative e antigen in a cohort of hepatitis B virus‐infected children and adults in North America
Authors: Cooper Stewart L. , King Wendy C. , Mogul Douglas B. , Ghany Marc G. , Schwarz Kathleen B. ,   Hepatitis B Research Network (HBRN)
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground: In chronic hepatitis B (CHB) viral infection, e antigen positivity (HBeAg+) is associated with high levels of viral replication and infectivity. Furthermore, HBeAg‐positive CHB is associated with a liver disease spectrum ranging from none to severe. Aim: To assess whether the level of circulating HBeAg is associated with different clinical presentations of HBeAg‐positive CHB. Methods: A cross‐sectional analysis was conducted among HBV mono‐infected participants enrolled in Hepatitis B Research Network (HBRN) cohorts to explore clinical and virological associations with quantitative HBeAg (qHBeAg). Results: Among 763 HBeAg+ participants (56% female; 85% Asian; median age 26 years), multivariable median regression modelling significantly associated qHBeAg with liver injury (inverse qHBeAg association with ALT p<.001 and APRI p<.001), and with both race and age (p=0.01). Among Asians, qHBeAg was inversely related to age; a relationship less clear among Blacks and Whites. Among Asians also, median qHBeAg levels were higher among those infected with HBV genotype C versus B (p<0.001), suggesting causal virologic differences. Across all races, median qHBeAg was higher in women (p=.01). Independent of sex, age, race and HBV genotype, qHBeAg was higher in participants with predominant wild‐type versus basal core promoter and/or precore ‘stop’ viral variants (p<0.001). Conclusion: Lower qHBeAg was observed among HBRN participants with the greatest degree of liver injury independent of demographics and HBV genotype. These data support longitudinal studies to examine the role of qHBeAg in modulating the host immune response and predicting the outcomes of chronic HBV infection.
Global prevalence and phylogeny of hepatitis B virus (HBV) drug and vaccine resistance mutations
Authors: Mokaya Jolynne , Vasylyeva Tetyana I. , Barnes Eleanor , Ansari M. Azim , Pybus Oliver G. , Matthews Philippa C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractVaccination and anti‐viral therapy with nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) are key approaches to reducing the morbidity, mortality and transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, the efficacy of these interventions may be reduced by the emergence of drug resistance‐associated mutations (RAMs) and/or vaccine escape mutations (VEMs). We have assimilated data on the global prevalence and distribution of HBV RAMs/VEMs from publicly available data and explored the evolution of these mutations. We analysed sequences downloaded from the HBV Database and calculated prevalence of 41 RAMs and 38 VEMs catalogued from published studies. We generated maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees and used treeBreaker to investigate the distribution and estimated the age of selected mutations across tree branches. RAM M204I/V had the highest prevalence, occurring in 3.8% (109/2838) of all HBV sequences in our data set, and a significantly higher rate in genotype C at 5.4% (60/1102, p = 0.0007). VEMs had an overall prevalence of 1.3% (37/2837) and had the highest prevalence in genotype C and in Asia at 2.2% (24/1102; p = 0.002) and 1.6% (34/2109; p = 0.009), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that RAM/VEMs can arise independently of treatment/vaccine exposure. In conclusion, HBV RAMs/VEMs have been found globally and across genotypes, with the highest prevalence observed in genotype C. Screening for genotype and for resistance‐associated mutations may help to improve stratified patient treatment. As NAs and HBV vaccines are increasingly being deployed for HBV prevention and treatment, monitoring for resistance and advocating for better treatment regimens for HBV remains essential.
Henry and Sarah Fielding: The 2010s in retrospect
Authors: Maioli Roger 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article provides an overview of studies of Henry and Sarah Fielding since the 2010s, with occasional discussion of earlier sources. These years have given pronounced attention to the Fieldings' responses to material and intellectual contexts: economic, political, and religious crises; empiricist epistemology and science; Lockean theories of education; discourses on gender and sexuality; and the dynamics of the public sphere. Work on aesthetics has reassessed the Fieldings' handling of satire and their attitudes towards both national and international genres. I identify zones of growing consensus as well as persistent disagreement, and I close by noting two unresolved attribution problems and calling for more work on Sarah's influence on Henry.
Maternal nicotine exposure aggravates metabolic associated fatty liver disease via PI3K/Akt signaling in adult offspring mice
Authors: Huang Shu‐Jing , Chen Shu‐qiang , Lin Yan , Yang Hong‐Yi , Ran Jing , Yan Fang‐Fang , Huang Mei , Liu Xian‐Lan , Hong Long‐Cheng , Zhang Xiao‐Dong , Lyu Guo‐Rong , Wang Zhan‐Xiang , Su Yi‐Ming 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to investigate the effect of maternal nicotine exposure (MNE) on the development of metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in adulthood offspring and the underlying mechanism.MethodsPregnant mice (n = 22) were subcutaneously injected with either saline vehicle (n = 11) or nicotine (n = 11) twice a day on gestational days 11‐21. Offspring mice (n = 176) from both groups were weaned at postnatal day 21, and for 6 months after postnatal day 21, 96 mice were fed either a standard chow diet (n = 48) or a high‐fat diet (n = 48). Serum lipid indicators, liver function indicators, insulin, and liver mitochondrial respiration were analyzed. The expression levels of fibrosis‐related proteins, phosphorylated PI3K, phosphorylated Akt, sterol regulatory element‐binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP1c), and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPAR‐α) were detected in the liver by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.ResultsMNE significantly decreased the weight of both maternal and offspring mice (~30%) and inhibited organ growth in offspring mice (P < .05). MNE also significantly increased serum levels of total bile acid, triglycerides, total cholesterol, glucose, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, low‐density lipoprotein, and insulin while decreasing serum high‐density lipoprotein levels and mitochondrial respiration activity in mice fed either the normal diet or high‐fat diet (all P < .05). These effects of MNE on lipid metabolism and insulin resistance were mediated via PI3K and Akt phosphorylation and down‐regulation of SREBP1c and PPAR‐α.ConclusionOur data indicate MNE induces lipid metabolism disorder and insulin resistance to promote MAFLD progression in adult offspring through activation of PI3K/Akt signaling and suppression of SREBP1c and PPARα protein expression.
Over time evaluation of glycaemic control in direct‐acting antiviral‐treated hepatitis C virus/diabetic individuals with chronic hepatitis or with cirrhosis
Authors: Cacciola Irene , Russo Giuseppina , Filomia Roberto , Pitrone Concetta , Caccamo Gaia , Giandalia Annalisa , Alibrandi Angela , Stella Franzè Maria , Porcari Serena , Maimone Sergio , Saitta Carlo , Squadrito Giovanni , Raimondo Giovanni 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundData concerning the impact of hepatitis C virus (HCV) cure on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are controversial. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of anti‐HCV direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) treatments on long‐term glucose control in HCV/T2DM patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) or with cirrhosis.MethodsOne hundred and eighty‐two consecutive HCV/T2DM patients who achieved a viral clearance by DAA treatment were enrolled. Seventy or 182 of them had CHC, and 112 had cirrhosis. Clinical, biochemical and instrumental parameters were recorded at baseline and at 48, 96 and 120 weeks (48w, 96w and 120w, respectively) after stopping DAA therapy.ResultsAt baseline, the overall study population had a mean of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) value of 7.2% (ranging from 5 to 11.2), without any significant differences between CHC and cirrhosis [7.1 and 7.2, respectively]. Evaluation over time of HbA1c variations showed a significant improvement of glucose control at all post‐treatment time points compared with baseline in CHC patients (P = .001). In cirrhotic patients, a significant decrease of HbA1c levels was only found when comparing HbA1c values between baseline and 48w time‐point (P = .001), whereas this improvement disappeared at both 98w and 120w (P = .8 and P = .3, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that patients with chronic hepatitis have a 2.5 (CI 1.066‐5.945) times greater chance of achieving an improvement of glycaemic values than patients with liver cirrhosis (P = .035).ConclusionDAA‐based HCV cure induces a significant and persistent amelioration of glycaemic control in HCV/diabetic patients with chronic hepatitis, whereas cirrhotic HCV/diabetic subjects have only a transient benefit from the virus elimination.
Automatic roller path tracking and mapping for pavement compaction using infrared thermography
Authors: Lu Linjun , Dai Fei , Zaniewski John P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCompaction is an important task in asphalt pavement construction. It ensures high quality of the pavement to provide required long‐term performance. Intelligent compaction (IC) integrated with global positioning system (GPS) is an innovative technology to help control the compaction quality of asphalt pavement by continuously providing the operator with the roller's current position and the number of rolling passes. However, the high equipment cost and signal disturbance are two identified issues when adopting the GPS for position estimation. This paper proposed a thermal‐based method for real‐time roller path tracking and mapping in pavement compaction operations. In this method, first, the incremental roller motion between each two consecutive frames was jointly estimated via calculation of the roller's heading direction by exploiting the pavement boundary information and the roller's translation using the optical flow technique. Then, the accuracy of the estimated incremental motion was optimized by incorporation of the roller's lateral position estimated by a position optimization model proposed by the authors. Finally, the roller's global location was estimated by chaining frame‐by‐frame roller motions recursively. Both laboratory and field validations were conducted to examine the performance of the proposed method, leading to the maximum mean absolute errors along the lateral direction to be 5.2 mm and 3.3 cm, respectively, and the maximum cumulative error rates along the longitudinal direction to be 0.85% and 0.73%, respectively. The validation results signified the method's potential as a low‐cost and applicable alternative to the GPS in the current IC technology for roller's position tracking and mapping.
Comparative effectiveness of amphotericin B, azoles and echinocandins in the treatment of candidemia and invasive candidiasis: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Demir Koray K. , Butler‐Laporte Guillaume , Del Corpo Olivier , Ekmekjian Taline , Sheppard Donald C. , Lee Todd C. , Cheng Matthew P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground + ObjectivesThe echinocandins, amphotericin B preparations, voriconazole and fluconazole are approved for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, though it remains unclear which agent is most effective. In order to answer this question, we performed a systematic review and network meta‐analysis of the randomised controlled trials (RCTs) which evaluated these agents in comparison.MethodsFour electronic databases were searched from database inception to 8 October 2020. RCTs comparing triazoles, echinocandins or amphotericin B for the treatment of invasive candidiasis or candidemia were included. Random effect Bayesian network meta‐analysis methods were used to compare treatment outcomes.ResultsThirteen RCTs met inclusion criteria. Of the 3528 patients included from these trials, 1531 were randomised to receive an echinocandin, 944 to amphotericin B and 1053 to a triazole. For all forms of invasive candidiasis, echinocandins were associated with the highest rate of treatment success when compared to amphotericin B (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.04–1.92) and the triazoles (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.35–2.51). Rank probability analysis favoured echinocandins as the most effective choice 98% of the time. Overall survival did not significantly differ between groups.ConclusionsAmong patients with invasive candidiasis, echinocandins had the best clinical outcomes and should remain the first‐line agents in the treatment of invasive candidiasis.
HsfA1d promotes hypocotyl elongation under chilling via enhancing expression of ribosomal protein genes in Arabidopsis
Authors: Liu Huimin , Zhang Yan , Lu Shan , Chen Hao , Wu Jiawen , Zhu Xiang , Zou Baohong , Hua Jian 
Published: April 2021

Summary

How plants maintain growth under nonfreezing low temperatures (chilling) is not well understood. Here we use hypocotyl elongation under dark to investigate the molecular mechanisms for chilling growth in Arabidopsis thaliana.

The function of HsfA1d (Heat shock transcription factor A1d) in chilling growth is investigated by physiological and molecular characterization of its mutants. Subcellular localization of HsfA1d under chilling is analyzed. Potential target genes of HsfA1d were identified by transcriptome analysis, chromatin immunoprecipitation, transcriptional activation assay and mutant characterization.

HsfA1d is a positive regulator of hypocotyl elongation under chilling. It promotes expression of a large number of ribosome biogenesis genes to a moderate but significant extent under chilling. HsfA1d could bind to the promoter regions of two ribosome protein genes tested and promote their expression. The loss‐of‐function of one ribosome gene also reduced hypocotyl elongation under chilling. In addition, HsfA1d did not have increased nuclear accumulation under chilling and its basal nuclear accumulation is promoted by a salicylic acid receptor under chilling.

This study thus unveils a new HsfA1d‐mediated pathway that promotes the expression of cytosolic and plastid cytosolic and plastid ribosomal protein genes which may maintain overall protein translation for plant growth in chilling.
The T‐N tract involvement as a new prognostic factor for PORT in locally advanced oral cavity tumors
Authors: Alterio Daniela , Augugliaro Matteo , Tagliabue Marta , Bruschini Roberto , Gandini Sara , Calabrese Luca , Belloni Pietro , Preda Lorenzo , Maffini Fausto Antonio , Marvaso Giulia , Ferrari Annamaria , Volpe Stefania , Zerella Maria Alessia , Oneta Olga , Turturici Irene , Alessandro Ombretta , Ruju Francesca , Ansarin Mohssen , Orecchia Roberto , Jereczek‐Fossa Barbara Alicja 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe space comprised between tumor and neck lymph nodes (T‐N tract) is one of the main routes of tumor spread in oral cavity tumors. Aim of the study was to investigate the impact of T‐N tract involvement on the postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) outcomes.Materials and MethodsPatients (pts) treated between 2000 and 2016 with indication to PORT were retrospectively retrieved. Inclusion criteria were: (a) locally advanced tumors of the oral cavity, (b) who received with indication to PORT (c) with a minimum follow‐up of six months.ResultsOne hundred and fifty‐seven pts met the inclusion criteria (136 pts treated with PORT and 21 pts not treated with PORT). In the PORT cohort, the T‐N tract involvement had no impact on both OS (p = .09) and LRFS (p = .2). Among the non‐PORT cohort, both OS (p = .007) and LRFS (p = .017) were worse for pts with positive T‐N tract compared to those with negative T‐N tract. PORT improved both OS (p = .008) and LRFS (p = .003) in pts with positive T‐N tract but not in those with negative T‐N tract (p = .36 and p = .37, respectively).ConclusionsOur results suggest that involvement of T‐N tract should be considered as prognostic factors informing the indication to PORT.
Genetic diversity of Ralstonia solanacearum species complex strains obtained from Guangxi, China and their pathogenicity on plants in the Cucurbitaceae family and other botanical families
Authors: He Yonglin , Chen Yuanyuan , Zhang Yaowen , Qin Xiaofang , Wei Xiaolan , Zheng Dehong , Lin Wei , Li Qiqin , Yuan Gaoqing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBacterial wilt, caused by the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC), is a destructive plant disease in Guangxi, China. However, the diversity of RSSC populations in the area is unknown. To this end, we performed an extensive bacterial wilt survey from 2015 to 2018. Using phylotype‐specific multiplex PCR (Pmx‐PCR) and an egl‐based tree, 189 strains collected from 20 plant species were identified as R. pseudosolanacearum phylotype I, which included 14 sequevars (12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 30, 34, 44, 48, 54, 70, and 71); two strains isolated from potato plants belonged to R. solanacearum phylotype II, sequevar 1. Sequevars 13, 17, and 44 were prevalent in Guangxi, and sequevar 13 dominated the RSSC sequevars of four Cucurbitaceae plants. The susceptibility of different Cucurbitaceae species to bacterial wilt and the host range of 16 representative strains were further tested. Members of the Cucurbita, Momordica, and Luffa genera were susceptible to bacterial wilt, with wilt incidence ranging from 73% to 100%. Most strains were pathogenic to solanaceous plants, mulberry, and ginger plants but not to melon crops; however, the strains from kidney bean, pepper, and Cucurbitaceae plants were highly virulent to melon crops. This is the first comprehensive report on the genetic and host range diversity of the RSSC in Guangxi and the susceptibility of different Cucurbitaceae species to bacterial wilt, which can provide valuable information for the development of bacterial wilt control strategies.