bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plants critical for Hawaiian land snail conservation: arboreal snail plant preferences in Puʻu Kukui Watershed, Maui
Authors: Meyer Wallace M. , Evans Lily M. , Kalahiki Connor J.K. , Slapcinsky John , Goulding Tricia C. , Robinson David G. , Kaniaupo-Crozier D. Pomaikaʻi , Kim Jaynee R. , Hayes Kenneth A. , Yeung Norine W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Hawaiian archipelago was formerly home to one of the most species-rich land snail faunas (> 752 species), with levels of endemism > 99%. Many native Hawaiian land snail species are now extinct, and the remaining fauna is vulnerable. Unfortunately, lack of information on critical habitat requirements for Hawaiian land snails limits the development of effective conservation strategies. The purpose of this study was to examine the plant host preferences of native arboreal land snails in Puʻu Kukui Watershed, West Maui, Hawaiʻi, and compare these patterns to those from similar studies on the islands of Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi. Concordant with studies on other islands, we found that four species from three diverse families of snails in Puʻu Kukui Watershed had preferences for a few species of understorey plants. These were not the most abundant canopy or mid canopy species, indicating that forests without key understorey plants may not support the few remaining lineages of native snails. Preference for Broussaisia arguta among various island endemic snails across all studies indicates that this species is important for restoration to improve snail habitat. As studies examining host plant preferences are often incongruent with studies examining snail feeding, we suggest that we are in the infancy of defining what constitutes critical habitat for most Hawaiian arboreal snails. However, our results indicate that preserving diverse native plant assemblages, particularly understorey plant species, which facilitate key interactions, is critical to the goal of conserving the remaining threatened snail fauna.
Genetics of obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Mahjani Behrang , Bey Katharina , Boberg Julia , Burton Christie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric disorder with multiple symptom dimensions (e.g. contamination, symmetry). OCD clusters in families and decades of twin studies clearly demonstrate an important role for genetics in the etiology of the disorder.MethodsIn this review, we summarize the genetic epidemiology and molecular genetic studies of OCD and obsessive-compulsive symptoms.ResultsOCD is a heritable, polygenic disorder with contributions from both common and rare variants, includingde novodeleterious variations. Multiple studies have provided reliable support for a large additive genetic contribution to liability to OCD, with discrete OCD symptom dimensions having both shared and unique genetic risks. Genome-wide association studies have not produced significant results yet, likely because of small sample sizes, but larger meta-analyses are forthcoming. Both twin and genome-wide studies show that OCD shares genetic risk with its comorbid conditions (e.g. Tourette syndrome and anorexia nervosa).ConclusionsDespite significant efforts to uncover the genetic basis of OCD, the mechanistic understanding of how genetic and environmental risk factors interact and converge at the molecular level to result in OCD's heterogeneous phenotype is still mostly unknown. Future investigations should increase ancestral genetic diversity, explore age and/or sex differences in genetic risk for OCD and expand the study of pharmacogenetics, gene expression, gene × environment interactions and epigenetic mechanisms for OCD.
Association between risk of dementia and very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis: a Swedish population-based cohort study
Authors: Stafford J. , Dykxhoorn J. , Sommerlad A. , Dalman C. , Kirkbride J. B. , Howard R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the incidence of psychotic disorders among older people is substantial, little is known about the association with subsequent dementia. We aimed to examine the rate of dementia diagnosis in individuals with very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis (VLOSLP) compared to those without VLOSLP.MethodsUsing Swedish population register data, we established a cohort of 15 409 participants with VLOSLP matched by age and calendar period to 154 090 individuals without VLOSLP. Participants were born between 1920 and 1949 and followed from their date of first International Classification of Diseases [ICD], Revisions 8–10 (ICD-8/9/10) non-affective psychotic disorder diagnosis after age 60 years old (or the same date for matched participants) until the end of follow-up (30th December 2011), emigration, death, or first recorded ICD-8/9/10 dementia diagnosis.ResultsWe found a substantially higher rate of dementia in individuals with VLOSLP [hazard ratio (HR): 4.22, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 4.05–4.41]. Median time-to-dementia-diagnosis was 75% shorter in those with VLOSLP (time ratio: 0.25, 95% CI 0.24–0.26). This association was strongest in the first year following VLOSLP diagnosis, and attenuated over time, although dementia rates remained higher in participants with VLOSLP for up to 20 years of follow-up. This association remained after accounting for potential misdiagnosis (2-year washout HR: 2.22, 95% CI 2.10–2.36), ascertainment bias (HR: 2.89, 95% CI 2.75–3.04), and differing mortality patterns between groups (subdistribution HR: 2.89, 95% CI 2.77–3.03).ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that individuals with VLOSLP represent a high-risk group for subsequent dementia. This may be due to early prodromal changes for some individuals, highlighting the importance of ongoing symptom monitoring in people with VLOSLP.
The death-implicit association test and suicide attempts: a systematic review and meta-analysis of discriminative and prospective utility
Authors: Sohn Maya N. , McMorris Carly A. , Bray Signe , McGirr Alexander 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSuicide risk assessment involves integrating patient disclosure of suicidal ideation and non-specific risk factors such as family history, past suicidal behaviour, and psychiatric symptoms. A death version of the implicit association test (D-IAT) has been developed to provide an objective measure of the degree to which the self is affiliated with life or death. However, this has inconsistently been associated with past and future suicidal behaviour. Here, we systematically review and quantitatively synthesize the literature examining the D-IAT and suicide attempts. We searched psychINFO, Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) from inception until 9 February 2021 to identify publications reporting D-IAT scores and suicide attempts (PROSPERO; CRD42020194394). Using random-effects models, we calculated standardized mean differences (SMD) and odds ratios (ORs) for retrospective suicide attempts. We then calculated ORs for future suicide attempts. ORs were dichotomized using a cutoff of zero representing equipoise between self-association with life and death. Eighteen studies met our inclusion criteria (n = 9551). The pooled SMD revealed higher D-IAT scores in individuals with a history of suicide attempt (SMD = 0.25, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.35); however, subgroup analyses demonstrated heterogeneity with acute care settings having lower effect sizes than community settings. Dichotomized D-IAT scores discriminated those with a history of suicide attempt from those without (OR 1.38 95% CI 1.01 to 1.89) and predicted suicide attempt over a six-month follow-up period (OR 2.99 95% CI 1.45 to 6.18; six studies, n = 781). The D-IAT may have a supplementary role in suicide risk assessment; however, determination of acute suicide risk and related clinical decisions should not be based solely on D-IAT performance.
Thresholds in Distributive Justice
Authors: Timmer Dick 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDespite the prominence of thresholds in theories of distributive justice, there is no general account of what sort of role is played by the idea of a threshold within such theories. This has allowed an ongoing lack of clarity and misunderstanding around views that employ thresholds. In this article, I develop an account of the concept of thresholds in distributive justice. I argue that this concept contains three elements, which threshold views deploy when ranking possible distributions. These elements are (i) the level of the threshold, (ii) what constitutes the value of the threshold, and (iii) how benefits above and below the threshold must be allocated. I highlight three contributions that this particular account of thresholds makes: it clarifies the nature of the shift that occurs at the threshold; it resolves a common misunderstanding about headcount principles; and it shows how the arbitrariness objection can be met.
Digitale Plattform für den Dialog
Authors: Gurtner Caroline , Wisler Marcel , Sanchez Tomas , Hahn Sabine 
Published: May 2021

Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt? Digitale Angebote bieten flexible Möglichkeiten für Austausch und soziale Teilhabe. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? Benutzerzentriertes Design ermöglicht positive Erfahrungen und entscheidet über den Erfolg eines digitalen Angebots. Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis? Interaktive Austauschformate können im Idealfall zu einer besseren Verständigung zwischen verschiedenen Nutzendengruppen beitragen.
E-Learning in der Psychiatrie
Authors: Golz Christoph , Richter Dirk , Lüthi Nick , Rapphold Benjamin D. 
Published: May 2021

Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt? Psychiatrien werden zunehmend digitalisiert. Die COVID-19-Pandemie hat diesen Prozess noch beschleunigt und gleichzeitig Weiterbildungsmöglichkeiten für das Gesundheitspersonal stark beschränkt. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? Ein E-Learning-Angebot bietet eine Lösung für die interne Weiterbildung und fördert Erlernen von nötigen digitalen Kompetenzen mit Hilfe von Augmented und Virtual Reality. Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis? Entscheidungsträger müssen das Gesundheitspersonal in die Digitalisierung wertschätzend einbeziehen und eine Grundlage bieten, die für das Gesundheitspersonal positive Erfahrungen mit neuen Technologien ermöglicht.
Jobrotation im Krankenhaus
Authors: Knuhr Henning , Wesser Christin , Nienaber André 
Published: May 2021

Was ist zu diesem Thema bekannt? Jobrotation kann mit dem richtigen Konzept gute Erfolge erzielen, wird aber in der Praxis nur marginal umgesetzt. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? Jeder Mitarbeiter bringt durch den Stationstausch seine fachliche und soziale Expertise in den anderen Bereich ein und entwickelt sich weiter. Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis? Bessere Ausfallkompensation, Akzeptanz und Wertschätzung untereinander sowie ein verbessertes Betriebsklima.
Herausforderung Akutpsychiatrie
Authors: Petersen Hans-Peter , Nienaber André 
Published: May 2021

Was ist zu diesem Thema bekannt? Es gibt wenig Beschreibungen über die Behandlungsmöglichkeiten von geistig behinderten Menschen in der Akutpsychiatrie. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? Im Mittelpunkt steht der Umgang mit den Herausforderungen, die einerseits die angemessene Begleitung geistig behinderter Menschen im akutpsychiatrischen Setting und andererseits das Erwirken einer Anschlussperspektive mit sich bringen. Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis? Die Begleitung von geistig behinderten Menschen erfordert im Besonderen eine fürsorgliche Haltung und das zeitnahe Einbeziehen aller im Fallmanagement beteiligten Verantwortlichen.
Sex differences in postnatal weight gain trajectories of extremely preterm newborns
Authors: Chou Fu-Sheng , Yeh Hung-Wen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective
Both postnatal growth and sex play a crucial role in long-term outcomes of extremely preterm newborns (EPNs), but the relationship between sex and postnatal growth is not clear. This study aims to assess sex differences in weight trajectories.

Study design
Weight data in the first 200 days of life from 4327 EPNs were used for generalized additive mixed modeling. We considered gestational age and sex as fixed-effects, and included random intercepts and random slopes for postnatal age. We assessed interactions between fixed-effects and postnatal age.

Results
Male EPNs had higher predicted weight trajectories than females. Weight z-score trajectories decreased in both sexes before term-equivalent age comparably, but females showed faster increases afterward. Although weight gain velocity was comparable between both sexes, weight gain velocity in male EPNs was lower compared to the corresponding reference values from the 2013 Fenton growth charts, which explained slower z-score rises.

Conclusion
Sex disparity exists in postnatal weight gain trajectories of EPNs after reaching the term-equivalent age.
Anomalous weak values via a single photon detection
Authors: Rebufello Enrico , Piacentini Fabrizio , Avella Alessio , Souza Muriel A. de , Gramegna Marco , Dziewior Jan , Cohen Eliahu , Vaidman Lev , Degiovanni Ivo Pietro , Genovese Marco 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIs it possible that a measurement of a spin component of a spin-1/2 particle yields the value 100? In 1988 Aharonov, Albert and Vaidman argued that upon pre- and postselection of particular spin states, weakening the coupling of a standard measurement procedure ensures this paradoxical result1. This theoretical prediction, called weak value, was realised in numerous experiments2–9, but its meaning remains very controversial10–19, since its “anomalous” nature, i.e., the possibility to exceed the eigenvalue spectrum, as well as its “quantumness” are debated20–22. We address these questions by presenting the first experiment measuring anomalous weak values with just a single click, without the need for statistical averaging. The measurement uncertainty is significantly smaller than the gap between the measured weak value and the nearest eigenvalue. Beyond clarifying the meaning of weak values, demonstrating their non-statistical, single-particle nature, this result represents a breakthrough in understanding the foundations of quantum measurement, showing unprecedented measurement capability for further applications of weak values to quantum photonics.
Multifunctional metasurfaces enabled by simultaneous and independent control of phase and amplitude for orthogonal polarization states
Authors: Liu Mingze , Zhu Wenqi , Huo Pengcheng , Feng Lei , Song Maowen , Zhang Cheng , Chen Lu , Lezec Henri J. , Lu Yanqing , Agrawal Amit , Xu Ting 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMonochromatic light can be characterized by its three fundamental properties: amplitude, phase, and polarization. In this work, we propose a versatile, transmission-mode all-dielectric metasurface platform that can independently manipulate the phase and amplitude for two orthogonal states of polarization in the visible frequency range. For proof-of-concept experimental demonstration, various single-layer metasurfaces composed of subwavelength-spaced titanium-dioxide nanopillars are designed, fabricated, and characterized to exhibit the ability of polarization-switchable multidimensional light-field manipulation, including polarization-switchable grayscale nanoprinting, nonuniform cylindrical lensing, and complex-amplitude holography. We envision the metasurface platform demonstrated here to open new possibilities toward creating compact multifunctional optical devices for applications in polarization optics, information encoding, optical data storage, and security.
Chronic oxytocin-driven alternative splicing of Crfr2α induces anxiety
Authors: Winter Julia , Meyer Magdalena , Berger Ilona , Royer Melanie , Bianchi Marta , Kuffner Kerstin , Peters Sebastian , Stang Simone , Langgartner Dominik , Hartmann Finn , Schmidtner Anna K. , Reber Stefan O. , Bosch Oliver J. , Bludau Anna , Slattery David A. , van den Burg Erwin H. , Jurek Benjamin , Neumann Inga D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) has generated considerable interest as potential treatment for psychiatric disorders, including anxiety and autism spectrum disorders. However, the behavioral and molecular consequences associated with chronic OXT treatment and chronic receptor (OXTR) activation have scarcely been studied, despite the potential therapeutic long-term use of intranasal OXT. Here, we reveal that chronic OXT treatment over two weeks increased anxiety-like behavior in rats, with higher sensitivity in females, contrasting the well-known anxiolytic effect of acute OXT. The increase in anxiety was transient and waned 5 days after the infusion has ended. The behavioral effects of chronic OXT were paralleled by activation of an intracellular signaling pathway, which ultimately led to alternative splicing of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2α (Crfr2α), an important modulator of anxiety. In detail, chronic OXT shifted the splicing ratio from the anxiolytic membrane-bound (mCRFR2α) form of CRFR2α towards the soluble CRFR2α (sCRFR2α) form. Experimental induction of alternative splicing mimicked the anxiogenic effects of chronic OXT, while sCRFR2α-knock down reduced anxiety-related behavior of male rats. Furthermore, chronic OXT treatment triggered the release of sCRFR2α into the cerebrospinal fluid with sCRFR2α levels positively correlating with anxiety-like behavior. In summary, we revealed that the shifted splicing ratio towards expression of the anxiogenic sCRFR2α underlies the adverse effects of chronic OXT treatment on anxiety.
Altered estradiol-dependent cellular Ca2+ homeostasis and endoplasmic reticulum stress response in Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Authors: Li Howard J. , Goff Allison , Rudzinskas Sarah A. , Jung Yonwoo , Dubey Neelima , Hoffman Jessica , Hipolito Dion , Mazzu Maria , Rubinow David R. , Schmidt Peter J. , Goldman David 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPremenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is characterized by debilitating mood symptoms in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Prior studies of affected women have implicated a differential response to ovarian steroids. However, the molecular basis of these patients’ differential response to hormone remains poorly understood. We performed transcriptomic analyses of lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derived from women with PMDD and asymptomatic controls cultured under untreated (steroid-free), estradiol-treated (E2), and progesterone-treated (P4) conditions. Weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) of transcriptomes identified four gene modules with significant diagnosis x hormone interactions, including one enriched for neuronal functions. Next, in a gene-level analysis comparing transcriptional response to hormone across diagnoses, a generalized linear model identified 1522 genes differentially responsive to E2 (E2-DRGs). Among the top 10 E2-DRGs was a physically interacting network (NUCB1, DST, GCC2, GOLGB1) involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi function. qRT-PCR validation reproduced a diagnosis x E2 interaction (F(1,24)=7.01, p = 0.014) for NUCB1, a regulator of cellular Ca2+ and ER stress. Finally, we used a thapsigargin (Tg) challenge assay to test whether E2 induces differences in Ca2+ homeostasis and ER stress response in PMDD. PMDD LCLs had a 1.36-fold decrease in Tg-induced XBP1 splicing response compared to controls, and a 1.62-fold decreased response (p = 0.005), with a diagnosis x treatment interaction (F(3,33)=3.51, p = 0.026) in the E2-exposed condition. Altered hormone-dependent in cellular Ca2+ dynamics and ER stress may contribute to the pathophysiology of PMDD.
RAB39B-mediated trafficking of the GluA2-AMPAR subunit controls dendritic spine maturation and intellectual disability-related behaviour
Authors: Mignogna Maria Lidia , Musardo Stefano , Ranieri Giulia , Gelmini Susanna , Espinosa Pedro , Marra Paolo , Belloli Sara , Murtaj Valentina , Moresco Rosa Maria , Bellone Camilla , D’Adamo Patrizia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMutations in the RAB39B gene cause X-linked intellectual disability (XLID), comorbid with autism spectrum disorders or early Parkinson’s disease. One of the functions of the neuronal small GTPase RAB39B is to drive GluA2/GluA3 α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) maturation and trafficking, determining AMPAR subunit composition at glutamatergic postsynaptic neuronal terminals. Taking advantage of the Rab39b knockout murine model, we show that a lack of RAB39B affects neuronal dendritic spine refinement, prompting a more Ca2+-permeable and excitable synaptic network, which correlates with an immature spine arrangement and behavioural and cognitive alterations in adult mice. The persistence of immature circuits is triggered by increased hypermobility of the spine, which is restored by the Ca2+-permeable AMPAR antagonist NASPM. Together, these data confirm that RAB39B controls AMPAR trafficking, which in turn plays a pivotal role in neuronal dendritic spine remodelling and that targeting Ca2+-permeable AMPARs may highlight future pharmaceutical interventions for RAB39B-associated disease conditions.
Low-dose antithymocyte globulin plus low-dose posttransplant cyclophosphamide combined with cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil for prevention of graft-versus-host disease after HLA-matched unrelated donor peripheral blood stem cell transplantation
Authors: Sun Xi , Yang Jun , Cai Yu , Wan Liping , Huang Chongmei , Qiu Huiying , Tong Yin , Xu Xiaowei , Zhou Kun , Ding Xueying , Song Xianmin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe standard regimens for graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis in matched unrelated donor (MUD) transplantation were based on antithymocyte globulin (ATG) in combination with calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs). To improve the efficiency of GvHD prophylaxis in MUD peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (MUD-PBSCT), 51 patients with hematological malignancies received a novel regimen for GvHD prophylaxis, which is composed of low dose of ATG (5 mg/kg) plus low-dose posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy, 50 mg/kg) (low-dose ATG/PTCy) combined with cyclosporine A (CsA) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). The cumulative incidences (CIs) of grades I–IV and II–IV acute GvHD (aGvHD) were 14.5% (95% CI, 9.4–19.6%) and 6.2% (95% CI, 2.8–9.6%) within 100 days after transplantation, respectively. The CI of mild-to-moderate chronic GvHD (cGvHD) within 1 year was 11.5% (95% CI, 6.6–16.4%). The 1-year probabilities of GvHD and relapse-free survival, relapse-free survival, and over survival were 70.6% (95% CI, 64.2–77.0%), 76.5% (95% CI, 70.6–82.4%), and 82.0% (95% CI, 76.5–87.5%), respectively. The CIs of CMV and EBV reactivation by day 180 were 10.4% (95% CI, 1.5–19.4%) and 8.3% (95% CI, 0.2–16.4%), respectively. The results suggested that low-dose ATG/PTCy combined with CsA/MMF as GvHD prophylaxis in MUD-PBSCT had promising activity.