bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Update to the Central England Temperature Series—HadCET v2.1
Authors: Legg Tim , Packman Stephen , Caton Harrison Thomas , McCarthy Mark 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe Central England Temperature (CET) series is one of the longest instrumental climate records in the world. The CET record from 1659 represents a roughly triangular area of England extending from the Lancashire plain in the north, to London in the south‐east and south‐west of the Midlands of England. HadCET is a composite series produced by the Met Office Hadley Centre, using data from a succession of observing sites for which the data have been adjusted to remove inhomogeneities to be consistent with the original long running series and be updated in near real time. This paper documents a technical update to the HadCET which is referred to as HadCET version 2 (v2), and at time of publication v2.1.0.0 is the latest available version.
Bidirectional Stabilized Non‐Newtonian Fluid Flow With Prescribed Heat Mechanism and Thermal Radiation in Stretching Sheet
Authors: M. Jyoti , Koti Ashok Kumar 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the behavior of non‐Newtonian fluid flow under magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) conditions, focusing on heat radiation effects during viscous flow over an elongated surface with penetrable boundaries. This research is important due to the increasing applications of non‐Newtonian fluids in manufacturing and technical fields, necessitating advanced modeling techniques to accurately simulate their behavior under MHD conditions. To address the limitations of previous analyses that inadequately accounted for electrical field effects, we propose the Impetus Proliferate Method to enhance fluid flow velocity and establish better control over heat dissipation in practical devices like phase change thermal systems and power heat flux systems. The study employs the Novel Perpetuate Reconciliation Approach to manage heat transfer effectively within the elongated medium, revealing that heat transfer decreases as boundary layer thickness over the porous medium increases. Additionally, the Cogency Fortification Method significantly enhances the stability of non‐Newtonian fluid flow over the extended sheet. The implementation of these methodologies in MATLAB Simulink provides a robust simulation framework, offering novel insights into the dynamic behavior of non‐Newtonian fluids in MHD contexts and improving upon existing modeling techniques by integrating electrical field effects and deepening the understanding of heat transfer phenomena. Finally, the proposed model's accuracy is said to be 95%.
Optimizing Minichannel Heat Sink Design: A Combined Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Inlet/Outlet Configurations and Pin Fin Enhancements
Authors: Mahmood Hind , Freegah Basim , Faik Ahmad Muneer EL‐Deen , Saleh Qasim 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe present study investigated the effect of inlet location, counterflow and parallel flow configurations, and rib addition (pin fins) on the performance factor of minichannel heat sinks. Different rib spacings were investigated in Models D, E, and F, which are 5, 7, and 9 mm, respectively, all using counterflow. These models used ribs with a diameter of 1 mm. In addition, Models G and H were presented to explore different rib sizes (1.5 and 2 mm) while maintaining a rib spacing of 5 mm under counterflow conditions. All effects were studied numerically using ANSYS Fluent 19R3 under laminar coolant flow, with Reynolds numbers ranging from 1190 to 1900. The study also included fabricating two models: the conventional model and the optimized model, and comparing their results with the numerical results. The comparison indicated a satisfactory convergence between the experimental and numerical results. The results revealed that all modifications significantly improved the temperature distribution and overall performance factor (OPF). Model B outperformed the conventional model in terms of pressure drop and heat resistance, achieving improvements of 46% and 40%, respectively. Furthermore, Model D outperformed Model B in Nusselt number by 31.375%. Notably, Model D showed the highest OPF and most consistent core temperature among the models, confirming its status as the ideal design, with an OPF of 2 compared with the conventional model.
Quantitative Assessment of Anthropogenic Activities on Precipitation–Flood Relations in the Middle‐Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Since the 21st Century
Authors: Xu Jiahao , Zhang Zhiping , Chen Junwei , Shen Zhongwei , Jia Xin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTQuantitatively distinguishing between climate change and anthropogenic activities is crucial for flood management in the middle‐lower reaches of the Yangtze River (MLRYR). However, the quantitative contribution of climate change and anthropogenic activities to flood occurrences in the region over long time scales (spanning more than one climatic state) and across extensive spatial areas remains unclear. This study aims to address such issue by analysing runoff data from 12 hydrological stations in the MLRYR from 1961 to 2020. By combining the Peak Over Threshold (POT) method with the detection of flood event initiation and termination days, we analysed changes in mean annual flood duration days (MAFD) across two distinct periods: 1961–1987 (Phase I) and 2001–2020 (Phase II). Our results demonstrate a significant positive correlation between precipitation and flood in the MLRYR throughout the study period, though this correlation is weaker in Phase II compared to Phase I. By applying the double mass curve method, we quantified the contributions of climate change and anthropogenic activities to changes in MAFD in the MLRYR, comparing the period of rapid urbanisation since the 21st century to Phase I, when urbanisation was at its initial stage. The results indicate that anthropogenic activities have significantly suppressed average annual flood occurrences in Phase II, with contribution rates ranging from 118% to 199%. Conversely, changes in precipitation have positively influenced flood occurrences in Phase II, with contribution rates ranging from 18% to 99%. The extensive construction of hydraulic engineering has played a crucial role in regulating the runoff of the main and tributary rivers in the MLRYR, thereby weakening the precipitation–flood relations since the 21st century. This study suggests that the continued construction of hydraulic engineering in the MLRYR may remain a crucial measure for mitigating the increased flood risks associated with global warming and accelerated urbanisation in the future.
Crude Oil–Induced Reproductive Disorders in Male Goldfish: Testicular Histopathology, Sex Steroid Hormones, and Sperm Swimming Kinematics
Authors: Mahlouji Mahboubeh , Alavi Sayyed Mohammad Hadi , Ghasemi Jahanbakhsh , Jalili Amir Hossein , Mozanzadeh Mansour Torfi , Zhang Songpei , Shazada Nururshopa Eskander , Butts Ian A. E. , Hoseinifar Seyed Hossein , Linhart Otomar 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCrude oil contamination has been shown to impair reproduction in aquatic animals through carcinogenic and genotoxic properties. Here, we assessed the endocrine‐disrupting function of crude oil on male reproductive system based on testicular histology, sex steroid hormones, and fertility endpoints in adult male goldfish (Carassius auratus), which were exposed to 0.02‐ to 2‐mg/L crude oil for 21 days (Experiment #1) or to 5‐ to 250‐mg/L crude oil for 9 days (Experiment #2). The crude oil contained 0.22‐mg/L nickel (Ni), 1.10‐mg/L vanadium (V), and 12.87‐mg/L polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Twenty‐four hours after adding crude oil, the sum of PAHs ranged from 0.30 to 2.28 μg/L in the aquaria containing 0.02‐ and 250‐mg/L crude oil, respectively. Water analyses for heavy metals in Experiment #2 showed high concentrations (mg/L) of Ni (0.07–0‐09) and V (0.10–0.21). For both experiments, exposure to crude oil did not impact gonadosomatic index; however, testes showed histopathological defects including hyperplasia or hypertrophy of Sertoli cells, depletion of the Leydig cells, necrosis of germ cells, and fibrosis of lobular wall. In Experiment #1, sperm production and motility, testosterone (T), and 17β‐estradiol (E2) were not significantly different among treatments. In Experiment #2, the number of spermiating males decreased by ~50% following exposure to 250‐mg/L crude oil. Sperm production, motility kinematics, T, and the T/E2 ratio significantly decreased in males exposed to ≥ 50‐mg/L crude oil; however, E2 remained unchanged. Results show crude oil–induced imbalance of sex steroid hormones disrupts spermatogenesis resulting in diminished sperm production and motility.
Emotional intelligence and academic performance: A retrospective study of ten dental classes
Authors: Farah‐Franco Sandra M. , Fung Brent , Taylor Leo C. , Chui Brian , Islamoglu Hicret , Stevenson Robert D. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurpose/objectivesEmotional intelligence (EI) supports clinical and social competencies of a practicing dentist. The Bar‐On EI model consists of inter‐related competencies in five domains: Self‐Perception, Self‐Expression, Interpersonal, Decision making, and Stress management. This study investigated the relationship between dental students' EI measured by Emotional Quotient Inventory 2.0 (EQ‐i 2.0) and academic and clinical performance at three junctures: Initial, Mid, and Grad.MethodsThis retrospective cross‐sectional study measured correlations between EQ‐i 2.0 and performance measures such as Entering GPA and DAT scores, GPAs, preclinical (PreClinMean) and clinical grades (ClinMean), and program learning outcomes (PLOs). Ten cohorts completed three EQ assessments: Initial Attempt 1 (N = 677), Mid Attempt 2 (N = 515), and Grad Attempt 3 (N = 472). Pearson correlations (p ≤ 0.05) were completed for Attempt 1 versus Entering GPA, DAT, Year 1 GPA; Attempt 2 vs. Year 2 GPA, PreclinMean; Attempt 3 versus Year 4 GPA, ClinMean, PLOs. Multivariate regression analysis was completed for Attempt 1 and Attempt 2 versus Performance measures. The attempts were compared with t test statistic (p ≤ 0.05).ResultsAttempt 1 showed significant negative correlations between EI and pre‐admissions measures. Attempt 1 and Attempt 2 showed significant positive associations for Self‐Perception, Empathy, Impulse Control, and Stress Tolerance with academic performance and PLOs. Attempt 3 showed significant positive correlations for Social Responsibility, Empathy, Impulse Control and Decision making with clinical performance. The Interpersonal EQ domain, Empathy, and Happiness significantly declined during matriculation.Conclusion(s)EQ‐i 2.0 total score correlated significantly with preclinical and clinical performance in this study and is important for dental student performance.
The GrassSyn dataset: Soil organic carbon stocks in Brazilian grassy ecosystems
Authors: Andrade Bianca Ott , Gamboa Cristhian Hernandez , Ferreira Gabriel William Dias , Wiesmeier Martin , Assad Eduardo Delgado , Cerri Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino , Mello José Márcio , Morais Vinícius Augusto , Overbeck Gerhard E. , Pinto‐Junior Herval Vieira , Scolforo José Roberto Soares , Tornquist Carlos Gustavo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAlthough ecosystem management and restoration are known to enhance carbon storage, limited knowledge of ecosystem‐specific soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and processes hinders the development of climate‐ready, biodiversity‐focused policies. Baseline SOC stocks data for specific ecosystems is essential. This paper aims to: (i) examine SOC stock variability across major grassy ecosystems in Brazil and (ii) discuss data limitations and applications. We compiled the Grassland Synthesis Working Group dataset, which comprehensively aggregates SOC stocks data from published studies on main Brazil's grassy ecosystems. Our dataset results from systematic literature review and regional soil sampling datasets. The dataset provides spatially explicit SOC stocks, physical soil properties, and ancillary information from 182 studies (1996–2021) across 803 sites, spanning 35° latitude and 28° longitude. The dataset, structured in relational tables, reports soil C stocks and ancillary soil parameters at depths up to 100 cm. SOC stocks vary by grassy ecosystem types and sampling depth, with subtropical grasslands (Campos Gerais, South Brazilian highland grasslands, and Pampa) showing the highest SOC stocks across all depth layers (SOC 0–30 cm: 64.5–162.8 Mg C ha−1; SOC 0–100 cm: 137.6–224.7 Mg C ha−1). The tropical Cerrado and Amazon grassy ecosystems exhibit high SOC stocks, particularly in subsurface layers (SOC 0–30 cm: 53.6 and 38.3 Mg C ha−1; SOC 0–100 cm: 109.8 and 121.4 Mg C ha−1, respectively). Our data analysis shows high carbon stocks in natural/seminatural ecosystems, but some ecosystems are undersampled. The dataset on SOC stocks in grassy ecosystems could greatly aid Brazil's national greenhouse gas inventory.
Material Profiling of Mesopotamian Cylinder Seals by Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Aspiotis Stylianos , Dietz Albert , Földi Zsombor , Hildebrandt Frank , Schlüter Jochen , Mihailova Boriana 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTRaman spectroscopy has been used to non‐invasively analyse 30 Mesopotamian cylinder seals dated from the end of the fourth to the last half of the first millennium bce, kept in the collection of Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe (Hamburg, Germany). Besides the identification of the mineral constituents of the seals, the chemical compositions of the corresponding minerals were quantitatively determined from the Raman spectra. Using previously established relationships between the crystal chemistry and Raman‐peak positions widths and/or relative intensities for various mineral groups, we demonstrate that (i) the Mg content in calcite‐based seals as well as the Mg, Fe2+ and Ca contents in pyroxene present in one silicate seal can be determined with a relative error of 2%; (ii) the MMg and M(Fe + Mn)2+ contents in talc‐based seals as well as the MMg and MFe2+ contents in antigorite‐based seals can be quantified with a relative error of 5%; and (iii) in the case of chlorite‐based cylinder seals the content of MMg, MFe2+, MAl, TSi and TAl could be estimated with relative errors of 15%–20%. We show that a classical gemological description of cylinder seals is insufficient, particularly when the most abundant mineral phases are oxides, iron sulfides and phyllosilicates, such as talc, antigorite and chlorite‐group minerals. We demonstrate that combining classical art historical studies with archaeological evidence and detailed material profiles can advance provenance studies, reveal trade roots, unravel forgeries and distinguish replaced parts.
Dynamic gastrointestinal digestion of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) skin gelatin: changes of hydrolysate properties and dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory activity
Authors: Jin Ritian , Liu Chang , Song Jing , Liang Duo , Lin Rong , Ren Zhongyang , Li Cheng , Shang Jiaqi , Yang Shen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDIt is important to study the physicochemical properties of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) skin gelatin and the changes in dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP‐IV) inhibition activity during gastrointestinal digestion in order to understand and exploit the potential of tilapia as a source of DPP‐IV inhibitory peptides.RESULTSThe DPP‐IV inhibition of fish‐skin gelatin increased from 9.92 ± 0.76% to 36.75 ± 0.98%, and further to 51.06 ± 1.23%, following simulated intestinal digestion for a period of 60 min. After gastric digestion, the degree of hydrolysis (DH) was 18.19 ± 0.48%, the average molecular weight (AMW) was 219 ± 7.19 kDa, the sum of charged groups was −5.08 ± 0.32, and the surface hydrophobicity of the hydrolysate was 24.81 ± 0.25. After intestinal digestion, these values changed to 27.72 ± 0.47%, 146.56 ± 8.16 kDa, −8.09 ± 0.32, and 13.04 ± 0.53, respectively. The DH and sum of charged groups exhibited positive correlations with DPP‐IV inhibition (0.94 and 0.71, respectively), but AMW showed a negative correlation (−0.96). MATLAB fit functions were applied to predict theoretical inhibition values, with the fitted equation: DPP‐IV inhibition = 2.5885 × DH ‐ 0.0983 × AMW ‐ 1.0047 × sum of charged groups + 3.5118. The test set for the multiple linear regression model demonstrated an R2 equal to or greater than 0.8.CONCLUSIONThe DH, AMW, and sum of charged groups in the hydrolysate correlated with DPP‐IV inhibition, and the fitted equation predicted DPP‐IV inhibition effectively in tilapia skin gelatin. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
How to improve the mechanical safety of a novel spinal implant while saving costs and time
Authors: Kienle Annette , Wilke Hans‐Joachim , Schröder Christian , Pietsch Andrea 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundSpinal implant failure is associated with prolonged patient suffering, high costs for the medical device industry, and a high economic burden for the health care system. Pre‐clinical mechanical testing has great potential to reduce the risk of such failure. However, there are no binding regulations for planning and interpretation of mechanical testing. Therefore, different strategies exist. Mainly for novel implants an option is to start with a structured scientific literature search that forms an objective background for the definition of an implant‐specific test plan, the derivation of acceptance criteria and interpretation of the test results.MethodsThis paper describes, how a literature‐based approach can look like from the initial literature search through the derivation of the test plan and the acceptance criteria, to the final test result evaluation and how this approach can support the proof that the device meets all necessary safety and performance standards.ResultsThe main advantage of this literature‐based approach is that testing and test result interpretation are linked with the loads acting on the individual implant in vivo. In an ideal case, testing is focused on the individual implant in a way that ensures maximum efficiency during the development and approval process combined with maximum insight in safety and effectiveness of the implant. Even comparative implant testing may become obsolete, which is a big advantage if comparative implant and related data are not available.ConclusionThis approach to pre‐clinical mechanical testing offers the potential to create a chain of arguments, from literature review through testing to the interpretation of test results. This methodology can significantly enhance testing efficiency, reduce risk of failure, and ultimately prevent unnecessary patient suffering and healthcare costs. By synthesizing scientific insights with regulatory requirements, this review aims to guide clinicians and researchers in improving patient care and advancing device technologies.
Improved Birthweight Prediction With Feature‐Wise Linear Modulation, GRU, and Attention Mechanism in Ultrasound Data
Authors: Mohana Priya G. , Sangeetha S. K. B. 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesBirthweight prediction in fetal development presents a challenge in direct measurement and often depends on empirical formulas based on the clinician's experience. Existing methods suffer from low accuracy and high execution times, limiting their clinical effectiveness. This study aims to introduce a novel approach integrating feature‐wise linear modulation (FiLM), gated recurrent unit (GRU), and Attention network to improve birthweight prediction using ultrasound data.MethodsThe proposed method utilizes FiLM for adaptive modulation, dynamically adjusting layer activations based on input specifics for enhanced information extraction. GRU is employed to capture sequential dependencies, recognizing the evolving maternal and fetal parameters during pregnancy. The Attention network selectively focuses on crucial parameters, dynamically adjusting feature weights for accurate predictions. The study evaluates classification accuracies for three groups: appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age, large‐for‐gestational‐age, and small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA). Prediction errors are minimized by optimizing parameters and using mean squared error as the loss function. Experimental evaluations are performed using multiple metrics.ResultsThe proposed strategy attains a high prediction accuracy of 98.8%, outperforming existing methods such as ensemble transfer learning model (83.5%), BabyNet++ (91.7%), bi‐directional LSTM with CNN and a hybrid whale with oppositional fruit fly optimization (89.2%), linear regression–random forest–artificial neural network (79.5%), and Attention MFP‐Unet (93.6%). The integrated network provides advanced insights into birthweight dynamics, enhancing both interpretability and accuracy.ConclusionsThe findings of this study are vital for birthweight prediction, clinical delivery guideline development, and implementation of decision‐making. The proposed approach supports clinicians in making informed decisions during obstetric examinations and assists pregnant women in weight management, showcasing significant advancements in maternal healthcare.
A Comparison of Environmental Impacts Between Reusable and Disposable Flexible Laryngoscopes
Authors: Kidane Joseph , Thiel Cassandra L. , Wang Kaiyi , Rosen Clark A. , Gandhi Seema 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionThere is increasing prevalence of single‐use flexible laryngoscopes in Otolaryngology. This study aims to quantify and compare the environmental outcomes of single‐use disposable flexible laryngoscopes (SUD‐Ls) and reusable flexible laryngoscope (R‐Ls).MethodsThe ISO 14040 standardized Life Cycle Assessment (LCAs) was utilized to estimate the environmental footprint of SUD‐L and R‐L. Product and packaging material composition, energy and water consumption, and high‐level disinfection products were tabulated from on‐site observation, manufacturer data, and the Ecoinvent database. Global warming impacts were defined by greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) quantified by kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalents (kgCO2‐eq) and analyzed using the US EPA's TRACI and SimaPro software. Monte Carlo sensitivity analyses were additionally performed.ResultsAssuming a 6‐year lifespan and 218 laryngoscopies/year, the R‐L saves 804 kgCO2‐eq compared to SUD‐L (1816 vs 2619 kgCO2‐eq). Notably 63% of the R‐L total GHGs were due to personal protective equipment (PPE) production and disposal used in reprocessing, whereas 79% of SUD‐L total GHGs were attributed to scope manufacturing and production. In a break‐even analysis, a R‐L produces fewer lifespan GHGs than SUD‐Ls after 82 uses.ConclusionReusable flexible laryngoscopes pose an environmental benefit over SUD‐Ls across several impact categories when used in high frequency. SUD‐Ls have significant advantages in various situations: low utilization settings, in‐patient/ED consults, and urgent need for sterile instrumentation. Providers should assess laryngoscope use frequency, site of use, and available resources to balance the environmental consequences. Further areas of sustainable optimization include reducing disposable PPE used in R‐L reprocessing.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 2024