bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Herbivory and jasmonate treatment affect reproductive traits in wild Lima bean, but without transgenerational effects
Authors: Bustos‐Segura Carlos , Hernández‐Cumplido Johnattan , Traine Juan , Benrey Betty 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPremisePlant responses to herbivores and their elicitors include changes in traits associated with phenology, defense, and reproduction. Induced responses by chewing herbivores are known to be hormonally mediated by the jasmonate pathway and can cascade and affect late‐season seed predators and pollinators. Moreover, herbivore‐induced plant responses can be transmitted to the next generation. Whether herbivore‐induced transgenerational effects also apply to phenological traits is less well understood.MethodsHere, we explored responses of wild lima bean plants (Phaseolus lunatus) to herbivory and jasmonate treatment and possible transgenerational effects of herbivore‐induced early flowering. In a controlled field experiment, we exposed lima bean plants to herbivory by leaf beetles or methyl jasmonate sprays (MJ). We then compared plant development, phenology, reproductive fitness and seed traits among these treatments and undamaged, untreated control plants.ResultsWe found that MJ and leaf herbivory induced similar responses, with treated plants growing less, flowering earlier, and producing fewer seeds than undamaged plants. However, seed size, phenolics and cyanogenic glycosides concentrations did not differ among treatments. Seed germination rates and flowering time of the offspring were similar among maternal treatments.ConclusionsOverall, the results confirm that responses of lima bean to herbivory by leaf beetles are mediated by jasmonate; however, effects on phenological traits are not transmitted to the next generation. We discuss why transgenerational effects of herbivory might be restricted to traits that directly target herbivores.
A validated instrument measuring students' perceptions on plastinated and three‐dimensional printed anatomy tools
Authors: Chandrasekaran Ramya , Radzi Shairah , Kai Peh Zhen , Rajalingam Preman , Rotgans Jerome , Mogali Sreenivasulu Reddy 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDue to the modernization of the medical curriculum and technological advancements, anatomy education has evolved beyond cadaveric dissection alone. Plastination techniques, three‐dimensional (3D) modeling, and 3D printing technologies have progressively gained importance. However, there are limited valid and reliable surveys to evaluate students' perceptions of these new anatomy tools. Hence, this study aimed to develop a validated instrument to measure students' learning satisfaction, self‐efficacy, humanistic values, and perceived limitations of plastinated and 3D printed models. A 41‐item survey (five‐point Likert scale, 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree) was administered to Year 1 undergraduate medical students following a randomized controlled crossover study that evaluated plastinated and 3D printed cardiac and neck models. Ninety‐six responses were received, and a factor analysis was performed with the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin sampling adequacy of 0.878. The confirmatory factor analysis yielded a 4‐factor, 19 items model that had a good fit with the latent constructs of2(147) = 211.568,P< 0.001, root mean square error of approximation = 0.068, root mean square residual = 0.064, comparative fit index = 0.946, and Tucker Lewis index = 0.937. The Cronbach's alpha for the individual factors ranged from 0.74 to 0.95, indicating good internal consistency. This demonstrated a psychometrically valid and reliable instrument to measure students' perceptions toward plastinated and 3D printed models.
Factors and outcomes of collaborative information seeking: A mixed studies review with a framework synthesis
Authors: Granikov Vera , El Sherif Reem , Bouthillier France , Pluye Pierre 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite being necessary, keeping up to date with new information and trends remains challenging in many fields due to information overload, time constraints, and insufficient evaluation skills. Collaboration, or sharing the effort among group members, may be a solution, but more knowledge is needed. To guide future research on the potential role of collaboration in keeping up to date, we conducted a systematic literature review with a framework synthesis aimed to adapt the conceptual framework for environmental scanning to a collaborative context. Our specific objectives were to identify the factors and outcomes of collaborative information seeking (CIS) and use them to propose an adapted conceptual framework. Fifty‐one empirical studies were included and synthesized using a hybrid thematic synthesis. The adapted framework includes seven types of influencing factors and five types of outcomes. Our review contributes to the theoretical expansion of knowledge on CIS in general and provides a conceptual framework to study collaboration in keeping up to date. Overall, our findings will be useful to researchers, practitioners, team leaders, and system designers implementing and evaluating collaborative information projects.
A qualitative study on clinicians’ perceptions of Attachment‐Focused eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing therapy
Authors: Kemal Kaptan Safa , Brayne Mark 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeFirst identified and codified in the late 1980s by Dr Francine Shapiro, eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy is increasingly recommended as a front‐line response to post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). As PTSD is itself becoming understood as a consequence not just of single potentially traumatic events (PTEs) but also of experiences of dysfunctional attachment with primary caregivers in earlier childhood, EMDR therapy is starting to embrace attachment theory, and the need to factor an awareness of developmental trauma into therapeutic treatment. A development of the Standard EMDR Protocol, which builds on this understanding, has become known as Attachment‐Focused EMDR (AF‐EMDR). Although increasingly widely used by EMDR therapists, to date there has indeed been no published research into how AF‐EMDR is experienced in practice by qualified and accredited AF‐EMDR‐trained therapists. This paper aims to begin to fill that gap.MethodsA qualitative approach was employed, analysing semi‐structured online interviews with eight experienced and AF‐EMDR‐trained UK‐based therapists accredited at Consultant level with the EMDR Europe Association. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsThree broad themes were generated from thematic analysis, namely perceptions of AF‐EMDR; it is not versus, it is with; and EMDR itself as an innovative approach.ConclusionsThe study found AF‐EMDR to be highly appreciated by therapists trained and experienced in this approach. Considering the nature of developmental trauma, the authors propose that core training and supervision in EMDR should allow more room for an explicit focus, in both case conceptualisation and treatment, on clients’ early‐childhood attachment histories.
A missed medial humeral epicondyle fracture with incarcerated fragment in the elbow joint and ulnar nerve palsy: A rare case report
Authors: Das Subhash Kumar , Bohara Sujan , Bhandari Ravi , Sinha Ritesh , Das Bikash , Karki Samikshya 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMedial epicondyle fracture associated with incarcerated intra‐articular fragment and ulnar nerve palsy is uncommon and frequently missed. We report a case of 13‐year‐old boy with incarcerated medial epicondyle fracture fragment in ulnohumeral joint and ulnar nerve palsy, which was managed successfully by open reduction internal fixation and ulnar nerve transposition.
Methanol Steam Reforming over ZnO/ZnZrOx: Performance Enhanced with a Cooperative Effect
Authors: Chen Xuelian , Wang Jijie , Han Zhe , Li Chengbin , Tang Chizhou , Zhao Dongyuan , Yang Qihua , Li Can 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe steam reforming of methanol (SRM) provides an efficient approach for the H2 production, but current SRM catalysts suffer from low activity, selectivity and stability. Herein, we report that ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) supported on ZnZrOx solid solution have excellent catalytic properties for SRM. The systematic studies suggest that ZnO/ZnZrOx catalysts with smaller ZnO domain (1–2 nm) are more selective and active than those with larger ZnO NPs. The existence of cooperative effect between the ZnO NPs (for methanol activation) and ZnZrOx solid solution (for water activation) was verified by the control experiment with ZnO/Al2O3 and ZnZrOx as catalysts. In situ DRIFTS of SRM and TPSR/MS studies suggest that the reaction undergoes through formates pathway over ZnO/ZnZrOx, where ZnO NPs and ZnZrOx work in a cooperative mode to favor the SRM reaction and suppress the side reactions. The optimized ZnO/ZnZrOx catalyst affords 99.7 % methanol conversion with CO selectivity as low as 2.4 % for single‐pass in a fixed bed reactor.
Manganese‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Sclareolide to Ambradiol
Authors: Zubar Viktoriia , Lichtenberger Niels , Schelwies Mathias , Oeser Thomas , Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Schaub Thomas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe hydrogenation of (+)‐Sclareolide to (−)‐ambradiol catalyzed by a manganese pincer complex is reported. The hydrogenation reaction is performed with an air‐ and moisture‐stable manganese catalyst and proceeds under relatively mild reaction conditions at low manganese and base loadings. A range of other esters could be successfully hydrogenated leading to the corresponding alcohols in good to quantitative yields using this easy‐to‐make catalyst. A scale‐up experiment was performed leading to 99.3 % of the isolated yield of (−)‐Ambradiol.
Borcalein: a Carborane‐Based Analogue of Baicalein with 12‐Lipoxygenase‐Independent Toxicity
Authors: Kuhnert Robert , Kuhnert Lydia , Sárosi Menyhárt‐B. , George Sven , Draca Dijana , Paskas Svetlana , Hofmann Bettina , Steinhilber Dieter , Honscha Walther , Mijatović Sanja , Maksimović‐Ivanić Danijela , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie 
Published: October 2021

Abstract12‐Lipoxygenase is crucial for tumour angiogenesis. 5,6,7‐Trihydroxy‐2‐phenyl‐4H‐1‐benzopyran‐4‐one (baicalein) is a suitable inhibitor for this enzyme but is rapidly metabolised in vivo. Thus, an improvement of the metabolic stability is necessary to enhance the therapeutic efficiency. An emerging approach to enhance metabolic stability of carbon‐based pharmaceuticals is the use of metabolically stable, non‐toxic boron clusters, such as dicarba‐closo‐dodecaborane(12)s (carboranes) as phenyl mimetics. Therefore, the unsubstituted phenyl ring of baicalein was replaced by meta‐carborane, resulting in borcalein, the carborane analogue of baicalein. This substitution resulted in a decreased inhibitory activity toward 12‐lipoxygenase, but led to increased toxicity in melanoma (A375, B16, B16F10) and colon cancer cell lines (SW480, HCT116, CT26CL25) with decreased tumour selectivity in comparison to baicalein. Surprisingly, borcalein displays a different mechanism of cytotoxicity with increased intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and nitric oxide (NO).
A proportional fair scheduling strategy using multiobjective gradient‐based African buffalo optimization algorithm for effective resource allocation and interference minimization
Authors: Kesavan Dhivya , Periyathambi Ezhumalai , Chokkalingam Arun 
Published: October 2021

SummaryThe increased usage of Internet of Things (IoT) applications in several areas, like healthcare, agriculture, and business, has aggravated mobile traffic issues to a large extent. The deployment of 5G technology has resulted in increased traffic globally. These coherent devices, on the other hand, use the internet to fine‐tune the quality of service in order to provide scalability, anonymity, and accessibility. Despite its numerous virtues, it is bound to encounter issues with interference management, fairness, throughput, and computational complexities. In this paper, a novel Multi‐Objective Gradient‐based African Buffalo Optimization (MOGABO) algorithm is developed to handle proportional fairness scheduling, improve interference management, increase throughput, and reduce computational complexities in cellular communication systems, particularly device‐to‐device (D2D) communication. The simulation analysis is done against other approaches such as the Hungarian technique, DDDPG technique, heuristic technique, and SC‐FDMA technique demonstrates that this method has improved system fairness over the existing approaches. Our method maximizes throughput, and for 500 UE, the throughput is 10.4 Mbps, with an average queuing delay of 24 ms. As a result, when compared to the existing method, MOGABO method offers a 1.2% increase in throughput. Thus, our method offers better coverage and throughput for D2D cellular communication with the reduction of computational complexities.
Rationale and design of the Dapagliflozin after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (DapaTAVI) randomized trial
Authors: Amat‐Santos Ignacio J. , Sánchez‐Luna Juan P. , Abu‐Assi Emad , Melendo‐Viu María , Cruz‐Gonzalez Ignacio , Nombela‐Franco Luis , Muñoz‐Garcí Antonio J. , Blas Sergio G. , de la Torre Hernandez Jose M. , Romaguera Rafael , Sánchez‐Recalde Ángel , Diez‐Gil José L. , Lopez‐Otero Diego , Gheorge Livia , Ibáñez Borja , Iñiguez‐Romo Andrés , Raposeiras‐Roubín Sergio ,   the Dapagliflozin after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (DapaTAVI) Investigators
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsDespite aortic stenosis (AS) relief, patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) are at increased risk of developing heart failure (HF) within first months of intervention. Sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 (SGLT‐2) inhibitors have been shown to reduce the risk of HF hospitalization in individuals with diabetes mellitus, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and chronic kidney disease. However, the effect of SGLT‐2 inhibitors on outcomes after TAVI is unknown. The Dapagliflozin after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (DapaTAVI) trial is designed to assess the clinical benefit and safety of the SGLT‐2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in patients undergoing TAVI.MethodsDapaTAVI is an independent pragmatic, controlled, prospective, randomized, open‐label blinded endpoint, multicentre trial conducted in Spain, evaluating the effect of dapagliflozin 10 mg/day on the risk of death and worsening HF in patients with severe AS undergoing TAVI. Candidate patients should have prior history of HF admission plus ≥1 of the following criteria: (i) diabetes mellitus, (ii) left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40%, or (iii) estimated glomerular filtration rate between 25 and 75 ml/min/1.73 m2. A total of 1020 patients will be randomized (1:1) to dapagliflozin vs. no dapagliflozin. Key secondary outcomes include: (i) incidence rate of individual components of the primary outcome; (ii) cardiovascular mortality; (iii) the composite of HF hospitalization or cardiovascular death; and (iv) total number of HF rehospitalizations.ConclusionDapaTAVI will determine the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in a broad spectrum of frail patients after AS relief by TAVI.
Hurdles and recent developments for CdS and chalcogenide‐based electrode in “Solar electro catalytic” hydrogen generation: A review
Authors: Pareek Alka , Borse Pramod H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThere are tremendous efforts to realize the idea of employing photoelectrochemical (PEC) technology for generating chemical energy from solar energy. The most important feature of this technology is to coordinate the energetics of an electrochemical reaction with the solar spectrum. So, the photoelectrochemistry of a semiconducting material plays a vital role in this arena. Exploring an efficient and stable semiconductor material for such purpose is an essential prospect. There are several sulfide selenide‐based semiconductors viz. II‐VI (Zn/Cd = S/Se) semiconductors those exhibit high potential in PEC application. Nonetheless, they suffer by certain corrosion issues, which are important to be reviewed and are discussed here. This review highlights the significant role of cadmium chalcogenides among various materials explored in this technology. CdS is the most studied system among all those with perfect band gap and band‐edge position exhibiting material, desired for photoanode in PEC cell. Next, recent progresses achieving enhancement in the performance of CdS photoanodes by doping, modifying the surface, morphology reconstruction, and engraving heterostructure is discussed in detail. The role of the nanostructured techniques, improved photo electrochemistry with redox couples, and advanced interfacial and band gap engineering is explored to overcome the lack of chemical stability of CdS. The review concludes with the bright scope of CdS as an efficient PEC material in the form of combined semiconductor systems with an optimum band gap, bandedge, and their complimentary properties rather than a single component material.
Adaptation of the Missing Scan Task to a touchscreen format for assessing working memory capacity in children
Authors: Renner Elizabeth , Somai Rosyl S. , Van der Stigchel Stefan , Campbell Clare , Kean Donna , Caldwell Christine A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAssessing children's working memory capacity (WMC) can be challenging for a variety of reasons, including the rapid increase in WMC across early childhood. Here, we developed and piloted an adapted WMC task, which involved minimal equipment, could be performed rapidly, and did not rely on verbal production ability (to facilitate the use of the task with younger children). In our adaptation, we portrayed the events of the object‐based Missing Scan Task (creatures hiding in and emerging from a house) in a touchscreen format. In the full experiment, 67 participants aged 23 to 90 months achieved the longest set size (LSS) scores that were distributed across the full range of possible scores. A comparison of these scores with those obtained using object‐based formats indicated general agreement between the versions of the task. Scores were found to increase with child age. We propose this (freely available) touchscreen adaptation as a suitable WMC task for use with children aged 2 to 7 years.
Osteoporosis, Rather Than Sarcopenia, Is the Predominant Musculoskeletal Disease in a Rural South African Community Where Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevalence Is High: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gregson Celia L. , Madanhire Tafadzwa , Rehman Andrea , Ferrand Rashida A. , Cappola Anne R. , Tollman Steven , Mokoena Tshepiso ,   The ARK Consortium, Micklesfield Lisa K. , Wade Alisha N. , Fabian June 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
The rollout of antiretroviral therapy globally has increased life expectancy across Southern Africa, where 20.6 million people now live with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We aimed to determine the prevalence of age-related osteoporosis and sarcopenia, and investigate the association between HIV, bone mineral density (BMD), muscle strength and lean mass, and gait speed. A cross-sectional community-based study of individuals aged 20–80 years in rural South Africa collected demographic and clinical data, including HIV status, grip strength, gait speed, body composition, and BMD. Sarcopenia was defined by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2) guidelines, and osteoporosis as BMD T-score ≤ −2.5 (if age ≥50 years). The mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of 805 black South African participants was 44.6 ± 14.8 years, 547 (68.2%) were female; 34 (13.2%) were men, and 129 (23.6%) women had HIV, with 88% overall taking anti-retroviral therapy. A femoral neck T-score ≤ −2.5, seen in four of 95 (4.2%) men and 39 of 201 (19.4%) women age ≥50 years, was more common in women with than without HIV (13/35 [37.1%] versus 26/166 [15.7%]; p = 0.003). Although no participant had confirmed sarcopenia, probable sarcopenia affected more men than women (30/258 [11.6%] versus 24/547 [4.4%]; p = .001]. Although appendicular lean mass (ALM)/height2 index was lower in both men and women with HIV, there were no differences in grip strength, gait speed, or probable sarcopenia by HIV status. Older age, female sex, lower ALM/height2 index, slower gait speed, and HIV infection were all independently associated with lower femoral neck BMD. In conclusion, osteoporosis rather than sarcopenia is the common musculoskeletal disease of aging in rural South Africa; older women with HIV may experience greater bone losses than women without HIV. Findings raise concerns over future fracture risk in Southern Africa, where HIV clinics should consider routine bone health assessment, particularly in aging women. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
The role of plant functional traits and diversity in soil carbon dynamics within riparian agroforests
Authors: Buchanan Serra Willow , Mafa‐Attoye Tolulope , Dunfield Kari , Thevathasan Naresh V. , Isaac Marney E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRestoration of agricultural riparian buffers with trees (agroforestry) provides an elegant solution to enhance carbon storage while also augmenting local biodiversity. Yet the scope and role of riparian plant community diversity in key soil dynamics remain unresolved. Operationalizing riparian age (young [<10 yr] and mature [>30 yr] since establishment] and forest stand type (coniferous and deciduous dominant) to capture the potential extent of plant diversity, we measured plant functional trait diversity and community weighted mean trait values, microbial composition, abiotic soil conditions, and rates of soil CO2 efflux (mg CO2‐C m–2 h–1). We used piecewise structural equation modeling (SEM) to further refine the role of biotic indices (leaf, root, and microbial characteristics), and abiotic factors (soil physio‐chemical metrics) on soil C cycling processes in riparian systems. We found significantly lower rates of CO2 efflux (F = 8.47; p < .01) over one growing season and higher total soil C (F = 3.46; p = .03) in mature buffers compared with young buffers. Using SEM, we describe influences on soil C content (marginal r2 = 61) and soil CO2 efflux (marginal r2 = 53). Within young buffers, soil C content was significantly predicted by fungal/bacterial ratio and root length density, whereas in mature buffers, tree leaf characteristics were associated with soil C content. Soil CO2 efflux was predicted by soil moisture, soil carbon content, and herbaceous root characteristics. Evidently, leaf and root functional traits in combination with broad soil parameters significantly describe soil C dynamics in the field; however, significant pathways are not the same throughout the life cycle of a riparian agroforest.