bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Base Cutting Energy Consumption for Sugarcane Stools Using Contra-Rotating Basecutters
Authors: Wang Fenglei , Ma Shaochun , Xing Haonan , Bai Jing , Ma Jinzhi , Yang Yezhen , Hu Jiwei 
Published: January 2021

HighlightsThis study focused on the base cutting energy consumption for sugarcane stools instead of single stalks, thus being more consistent with actual field harvesting.The energy consumption increased with increasing rotational speed (RS) and stool diameter (SD), while it decreased with increasing tilt angle (TA) and feed rate (FR).Each pair of levels of each factor was compared using Duncan’s multiple range test. Three factors (RS, SD, and FR) had significant effects on energy consumption at 95% confidence level, while one factor (TA) had no significant effect.The order of influence and the optimal combination of the four factors to minimize the energy consumed during base cutting were determined.Abstract. Previous studies on contra-rotating basecutter designs based on supported cutting have mainly focused on the base cutting energy consumption for single sugarcane stalks instead of sugarcane stools. However, in the actual base cutting process, a basecutter typically cuts multiple sugarcane stalks (in one sugarcane stool) simultaneously. Therefore, this study investigated how the rotational speed (RS) and tilt angle (TA) of the cutting discs, the sugarcane stool diameter (SD), and the feed rate (FR) affected the energy consumed when cutting cane stools using a contra-rotating cutting platform. Four single-factor experiments and an orthogonal experiment were performed using a Taguchi orthogonal experimental design, and each group was replicated five times. The results of the single-factor experiments showed that the energy consumption was proportional to RS and SD, while it was negatively correlated with TA and FR. The significance of the difference between each pair of levels of each factor was investigated using Duncan’s multiple range test. According to the results of the orthogonal experiment, RS, SD, and FR had significant influences on the base cutting energy consumption at the 95% confidence level; however, TA had no significant influence. The order of influence of the four factors was SD &gt; FR &gt; RS &gt; TA (18.45 &gt; 18.39 &gt; 12.91 &gt; 9.06), and the optimal factor-level combination for minimizing the cutting energy was RS2, TA4, SD1, and FR3 (200 rpm disc RS, 20° disc TA, 60 mm SD, and 1.0 m s-1 FR). An understanding of the relationships between energy consumption and its influencing factors can serve as a valuable reference for researchers seeking to optimize the design of contra-rotating basecutters, which could lead to increased energy efficiency and a reduction in energy consumption during sugarcane harvesting. Keywords: Contra-rotating basecutter, Energy consumption, Orthogonal experiment, Single-factor experiment, Sugarcane stools, Supported cutting.
Intercomparison of Bias-Correction Data Sources and Their Influence on Watershed-Specific Downscaling Climate Projections
Authors: Sheshukov Aleksey Y. , Gao Jungang , Douglas-Mankin Kyle R. , Yen Haw 
Published: January 2021

HighlightsBias correction from three historical data sources (NCDC, PRISM, and NEXRAD) were assessed.Bias correction removed watershed-average bias in general circulation model (GCM) data for a historical period.Subbasin-specific variability was detected in future projections for each bias-correction data source.Data source had less impact on uncertainty in future projections than GCM or a representative concentration pathway.Uncertainty from bias-correction data sources was higher for precipitation than for temperature.Abstract. Climate projections developed by general circulation models (GCM) are often used in watershed modeling applications to project future hydrologic changes. In many models, the climate projections are downscaled to individual map units represented by grid cells or subbasins. Uncertainty of downscaled climate projections are a product of uncertainties arising mainly from the model itself, from the representative concentration pathway (RCP), and from the downscaling procedure. Other sources of uncertainty may include the historical observations used for GCM bias correction and data aggregation from GCM grids to map (often subbasin) units. This study evaluated effects of three sources of historical data (ground-based weather station network, NCDC, and two gridded datasets, NEXRAD and PRISM) on historical variability, and shifts and uncertainty in precipitation and temperature projections. Climate projections from six GCMs and three RCPs were evaluated in 54 subbasins of the Smoky Hill River watershed in the U.S. Central Great Plains. Bias correction of GCM projections reduced bias of watershed-average annual precipitation in the historical period to near zero, but subbasin-specific variability remained in future projections with little difference among bias-correction data sources. For minimum and maximum temperatures, the GCM ensemble statistics for basin-average and subbasin-specific future projections were similar for all bias-correction data sources. Increase in RCP forcing was found to widen the uncertainty in future projections. Overall, the uncertainty due to data source selection was smaller than the uncertainty due to GCM model and RCP forcing selection. The results demonstrate that statistical downscaling is essential to account for local climate factors within a watershed, and that both weather station-based and gridded bias-correction data sources can be used effectively, but that future climate projections may inherit the historical bias in a selected data source. These inherent uncertainties associated with application of GCMs in hydrological and geospatial modeling should be carefully considered for understanding climate projections when building watershed models and interpreting the results. Keywords: Bias correction, Climate change, Downscaling, GCM, Uncertainty, Watershed.
The concept of brand building process towards Vietnamese enterprises in the new era
Authors: Khanh Tuan Vuong , Palaniappan Sellappan 
Published: January 2021

THE AIMS OF THE PAPER
As customers' needs are changing very rapidly, it is important for all growing enterprises not only to provide high-quality products/services but also to exceed the customers’ own expectations. Businesses need to change their marketing strategies to meet their customers’ expectations, including brand management strategy which plays a vital role in conveying the value of products/services to potential customers. To increase the competitive advantage of Vietnamese enterprises in integrating with the international economy, there is a need for innovation in brand management. It is necessary to provide the concept of the brand-building process to the businesses as overview; it is vital to apply it in the planning and implementation of brand management strategy in Vietnamese enterprises.
METHODOLOGY
This empirical study has been analyzed and is presented for the future use in the concept of brand building process towards Vietnamese Enterprises. This paper was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, the researcher uses a qualitative approach to interview experts, administrators, who conduct the research on the marketing field to discuss how the phases and procedures to build a brand for the new era for Vietnamese enterprises. There were 12 experts selected to discuss to gain the model for the concepts in brand building for this new era. There were (6) questions discussed with the experts to collect the research data relative to the brand building process. Preceding this, the researcher gathered the opinions of these marketing experts to gain an overview of the process to create branding building.
MOST IMPORTANT RESULTS
The researcher summarizes four critical phases in the brand-building process for Vietnamese businesses in the new era. There are four necessary phases in building a brand as follows: (1) brand identity, (2) brand awareness, (3) brand love, and (4) brand loyalty. Depending on the strategy of the business that can be applied in the brand-building process in each individual phase or the brand- building process can combine four phases concurrently in building a branding strategy.
RECOMMENDATIONS
From the outcomes of this study, the researcher recommends that practitioners, as well as scholars can apply and research based on this study to improve in branding for businesses for sustainable development purposes in the new era.
Surface Finish of Total Hip Arthroplasty Implants: Are We Evaluating and Manufacturing Them Appropriately?
Authors: Cubillos Patricia O. , dos Santos Vinícius O. , Pizzolatti André L. A. , O. Moré Ari D. , M. Roesler Carlos R. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A recent change in the ISO 7206-2, Implants for Surgery – Partial and Total Hip Joint Prostheses – Part 2: Articulating Surfaces Made of Metallic, Ceramic and Plastics Materials, with regard to hip joint prostheses, altered the recommended cutoff for measuring the roughness of the articulating surfaces of the femoral head and acetabular cup but did not encompass two key sites: the bore head and the trunnion. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the standardized parameters and sites established in ISO 7206-2 are appropriate for evaluating the quality of the surface finish of total hip arthroplasty implants. Three kits containing the polymeric acetabular components, metallic heads, and stems from 5 manufacturers were used for testing. Contact profilometry was performed on the internal acetabular cup, external head, head bore, and trunnion surfaces. Additionally, the external head surface was evaluated with an interferometer to increase the accuracy. The evaluation of the external surface of the femoral head with a profilometer seems to be inadequate, because of a limitation of the contact method associated with highly polished surfaces. The average roughness (Ra) values obtained with an interferometer were lower than those measured with the profilometer and revealed significant differences between the manufacturers. The use of an 0.80-mm cutoff is more appropriate for the Ra range normally found for acetabular cups, enhancing the power to detect acetabular cups with inadequate roughness. The absence of a standard for the surface finish of the stem-head interface generates heterogeneity between manufacturers and between samples produced by a single manufacturer, revealing a lack of quality control.
Tuba Activates Cdc42 during Neuronal Polarization Downstream of the Small GTPase Rab8a
Authors: Urrutia Pamela J. , Bodaleo Felipe , Bórquez Daniel A. , Homma Yuta , Rozes-Salvador Victoria , Villablanca Cristopher , Conde Cecilia , Fukuda Mitsunori , González-Billault Christian 
Published: January 2021

The acquisition of neuronal polarity is a complex molecular process that depends on changes in cytoskeletal dynamics and directed membrane traffic, regulated by the Rho and Rab families of small GTPases, respectively. However, during axon specification, a molecular link that couples these protein families has yet to be identified. In this paper, we describe a new positive feedback loop between Rab8a and Cdc42, coupled by Tuba, a Cdc42-specific guanine nucleotide-exchange factor (GEF), that ensures a single axon generation in rodent hippocampal neurons from embryos of either sex. Accordingly, Rab8a or Tuba gain-of-function generates neurons with supernumerary axons whereas Rab8a or Tuba loss-of-function abrogated axon specification, phenocopying the well-established effect of Cdc42 on neuronal polarity. Although Rab8 and Tuba do not interact physically, the activity of Rab8 is essential to generate a proximal to distal axonal gradient of Tuba in cultured neurons. Tuba-associated and Rab8a-associated polarity defects are also evidencedin vivo, since dominant negative (DN) Rab8a or Tuba knock-down impairs cortical neuronal migration in mice. Our results suggest that Tuba coordinates directed vesicular traffic and cytoskeleton dynamics during neuronal polarization.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe morphologic, biochemical, and functional differences observed between axon and dendrites, require dramatic structural changes. The extension of an axon that is 1 µm in diameter and grows at rates of up to 500 µm/d, demands the confluence of two cellular processes: directed membrane traffic and fine-tuned cytoskeletal dynamics. In this study, we show that both processes are integrated in a positive feedback loop, mediated by the guanine nucleotide-exchange factor (GEF) Tuba. Tuba connects the activities of the Rab GTPase Rab8a and the Rho GTPase Cdc42, ensuring the generation of a single axon in cultured hippocampal neurons and controlling the migration of cortical neurons in the developing brain. Finally, we provide compelling evidence that Tuba is the GEF that mediates Cdc42 activation during the development of neuronal polarity.
Young age and short duration of the disease are associated with more frequent relapses in inflammatory bowel disease patients
Authors: Nakov Radislav , Nakov Ventsislav 
Published: January 2021

Aims. To evaluate the effects of the clinical predictors such as age, duration of disease, sex, and smoking on the frequency of relapses in IBD patients.
Methods. This study recruited 289 IBD (133 with CD and 156 with UC) patients. All were followed-up for 36 months for relapses of the disease. We defined as frequently relapsing (≥1/year) patients with at least one relapse per year and as infrequently relapsing those with less than one relapse per year (<1/year). We assessed the effect of the clinical predictors: age, duration of disease, sex, and smoking on the frequency of relapses in IBD patients.

Results. Sixty-four (48.1%) of the CD patients were frequently relapsing and 69 (51.9%) were infrequently relapsing. There was a significant association between the age and the frequency of relapse (p=0.001; OR 0.964; 95% CI 0.941-0.987, p=0,002) and between the duration of the disease and frequency of relapse (р<0.001; OR 0.740, 95% CI 0.655-0.837, p<0.001). Seventy-two (46.2%) of the UC patients were frequently relapsing and 84 (53.8%) were infrequently relapsing. There was a significant association between the age and the frequency of relapse (p=0.001; OR 0.964, 95% CI 0.941-0.987, p=0.002) and between the duration of the disease and frequency of relapse (р<0.001; OR 0.740, 95% CI 0.655-0.837, p<0,001).
Conclusion. We demonstrate in a relatively significant cohort of IBD patients that young age and short duration of the disease are associated with more frequent relapses.
Ligature induced periodontitis causes atherosclerosis in rat descending aorta: an experimental study
Authors: Dimitriu Tudor , Bolfa Pompei , Daradics Zsofia , Suciu Șoimița , Cătoi Cornel , Armencea Gabriel , Dinu Cristian , Băciuț Grigore , Văcăraș Sergiu , Bran Simion , Băciuț Mihaela 
Published: January 2021

Introduction. In recent years a link between periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases has been proposed. Oxidative stress has been found to be involved in their pathophysiology.
Objectives. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that a wire ligature placed around the first mandibular molars of the rat causes inflammation in the periodontium and lipid deposits in the aorta, via oxidative stress.
Methods. Twenty male Wistar rats were divided randomly into two groups of 10: Control group and Periodontitis group. An orthodontic wire ligature was placed around the cervix of the first mandibular molar and was kept in place for 4 weeks. Clinical attachment loss was determined to assess the gingival recession. Aorta was harvested after 4 weeks and the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the aorta tissue homogenate were determined. Lipid deposits were evaluated using Oil Red staining and immunofluorescence under confocal microscopy. Total lipid deposits in the aorta were assessed using a computer morphometry system.
Results. Significant gingival recession was observed in the Periodontitis group in comparison with the Control group. Increased MDA levels were present in the aorta in the ligatured rats in comparison with the Control group. Significant lipid deposits were observed in the aorta of the Periodontitis group as opposed to the Control group.
Conclusions. The affixing of an orthodontic wire ligature produces gingival recession, increased oxidative stress and lipid deposits in the rat descending aorta.
Significant Association Between Huntingtin Gene Mutation and Prevalence of Hopelessness, Depression and Anxiety Symptoms
Authors: Butėnaitė Adelė , Strumila Robertas , Lengvenytė Aistė , Pakutkaitė Indrė Kotryna , Morkūnienė Aušra , Matulevičienė Aušra , Dlugauskas Edgaras , Utkus Algirdas 
Published: January 2021

Background: In Huntington’s disease psychiatric symptoms may manifest prior to motor dysfunction. Such symptoms negatively impact people’s quality of life and can worsen the course of the primary disease. The aim of the present study was to assess and compare depression, anxiety and hopelessness rates in individuals with and without an abnormal expansion of CAG repeats in the huntingtin (HTT) gene and healthy controls.Materials and methods: Study involved 31 individuals referred for genetic testing for Huntington’s disease and a control group of 41. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed using Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results between groups were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test. Two-sided Bonferroni corrected p-value was set at ≤0.017.Results: Individuals with HTT gene mutation (“gene mutation positive”, GMP) (N=20) scored higher on the HADS depression subscale (5.90 ± 4.52 vs 1.36 ± 1.91; p ≤ 0.017) than those without HTT gene mutation (“gene mutation negative”, GMN) (N=11). GMP and control groups scored higher than the GMN group on the BHS (5.65 ± 3.91 vs 2.09 ± 1.64 and 5.27 ± 4.11 vs 2.09 ± 1.64, respectively; p ≤ 0.017). No differences in anxiety levels were found.Conclusions: Depressive symptoms and hopelessness were more prevalent in individuals with HTT gene mutation than in individuals who were tested but had no said mutation. Such results emphasise the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric comorbidities in individuals affected by Huntington’s disease.
Neighborhood Child Opportunity Index and Adolescent Cardiometabolic Risk
Authors: Aris Izzuddin M. , Rifas-Shiman Sheryl L. , Jimenez Marcia P. , Li Ling-Jun , Hivert Marie-France , Oken Emily , James Peter 
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The Child Opportunity Index (ChOI) is a publicly available surveillance tool that incorporates traditional and novel attributes of neighborhood conditions that may promote or inhibit healthy child development. The extent to which ChOI relates to individual-level cardiometabolic risk remains unclear.

METHODS:
We geocoded residential addresses obtained from 743 participants in midchildhood (mean age 7.9 years) in Project Viva, a prebirth cohort from eastern Massachusetts, and linked each location with census tract-level ChOI data. We measured adiposity and cardiometabolic outcomes in midchildhood and early adolescence (mean age 13.1 years) and analyzed their associations with neighborhood-level ChOI in midchildhood using mixed-effects models, adjusting for individual and family sociodemographics.

RESULTS:
On the basis of nationwide distributions of ChOI, 11.2% (n = 83) of children resided in areas of very low overall opportunity (ChOI score &lt;20 U) and 55.3% (n = 411) resided in areas of very high (ChOI score ≥80 U) overall opportunity. Children who resided in areas with higher overall opportunity in midchildhood had persistently lower levels of C-reactive protein from midchildhood to early adolescence (per 25-U increase in ChOI score: β = .14 mg/L; 95% confidence interval, .28 to .00). Additionally, certain ChOI indicators, such as greater number of high-quality childhood education centers, greater access to healthy food, and greater proximity to employment in midchildhood, were associated with persistently lower adiposity, C-reactive protein levels, insulin resistance, and metabolic risk z scores from midchildhood to early adolescence.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our findings suggest more favorable neighborhood opportunities in midchildhood predict better cardiometabolic health from midchildhood to early adolescence.
EL SURGIMIENTO DE LAS PYMES EN COSTA RICA DESDE UNA PERSPECTIVA HISTÓRICO-ECONÓMICA (1950-2018)
Authors: Cousin Brenes Kathia 
Published: January 2021

Este trabajo analiza el surgimiento de las pymes en Costa Rica desde una perspectiva histórico-económica, durante el período 1950-2018. Esta periodización corresponde a la estructura política de cada época, en función del desarrollo empresarial y el contexto que se desea estudiar durante los modelos de desarrollo de sustitución de importaciones (1948-1979) y el de liberación económica (1982-2018). A partir del estudio se destaca que, si bien a finales del siglo xx y principios del xxi la cantidad de pymes incrementa, estas enfrentan mayores retos empresariales debido a que la política económica del Estado se inclina más por los mercados globalizados, aspectos en los cuales dichas empresas no cuentan con ventajas competitivas.
LA ORGANIZACIÓN COMUNAL EN EL DISTRITO DE ZARAGOZA EN PALMARES. EL SURGIMIENTO DE LA ASOCIACIÓN DE DESARROLLO INTEGRAL EN LA DÉCADA DE 1970
Authors: Rodríguez Sancho Javier 
Published: January 2021

En este artículo se analiza el desempeño histórico de las organizaciones comunales, en particular, de la Asociación de Desarrollo Integral en el distrito de Zaragoza en Palmares, de cara a los conflictos y a las necesidades internas desde la década de 1970. Para tales efectos, se hizo uso de una serie de fuentes primarias, documentos institucionales y estudios científicos, asimismo, se emplearon algunos datos para interpretar el fenómeno en mención. Además, se visibiliza el papel de las autoridades públicas, el control políticoinstitucionaly los arreglos que convinieron para atender asuntos relacionados con las vidascotidianas que también padecieron otras comunidades de la Región de Occidente de Costa Rica en la segunda mitad del siglo XX.
PERCEPCIÓN DE LA INSEGURIDAD Y BIENESTAR SUBJETIVO EN MÉXICO. UNA APROXIMACIÓN CUALITATIVA
Authors: Martínez-Martínez Oscar A. , Martínez-Carreón Yasmín 
Published: January 2021

En este artículo, el objetivo es analizar la forma en que afecta la percepción de la inseguridad al bienestar subjetivo en mujeres y hombres. El estudio fue de carácter cualitativo y se realizó en zonas urbanas de cuatro estados de México. Los resultados muestran que existen diferencias por sexo sobre la valoración de la inseguridad en cada barrio; en el caso de las mujeres su principal preocupación es la seguridad de sus hijos y otros familiares, por tanto,experimentan mayor nerviosismo e intranquilidad, mientras los hombres tienden a minimizar la inseguridad o preocuparse por las pérdidas materiales.
LA HISTORIA CONTRAATACA DEL AUTOR JUAN MANUEL SANTANA PÉREZ (VENEZUELA: FUNDACIÓN BURIA)
Authors: Gomez Gomez Adith Shilley 
Published: January 2021

La presente es una reseña del libro La Historia Contraataca de Juan Manuel Santana Pérez, historiador venezolano. El autor realiza un recorrido historiográfico sobre el quehacer de la historia, sus basamentos y metodología empleados en el siglo XX. Es un texto de gran importancia en el quehacer historiográfico, dado que se expone de manera crítica y detallada la tradición historiográfica, así como los aportes más recientes en el área. El libro se compone por nueve capítulos los cuales se reseñan de manera cuidadosa.