bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Multi-concentration Cu:Ag Bimetallic Nanoparticles as a Promising Bactericidal for Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria as Evaluated with Molecular Docking Study
Authors: Mureed Shumaila , Naz Sadia , Haider Ali , Raza Ali , Ul-Hamid Anwar , Haider Junaid , Ikram Muhammad , Ghaffar Rabia , Irshad Muneeb , Ghaffar Abdul , Saeed Aamer 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe present study is concerned with evaluating the influence of various concentrations of Ag within Cu:Ag bimetallic nanoparticles developed for use as a promising anti-bacterial agent against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Here, Cu:Ag bimetallic nanoparticles with various concentration ratios (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10 wt%) of Ag in fixed amount of Cu labeled as 1:0.025, 1:0.050, 1:0.075, and 1:0.1 were synthesized using co-precipitation method with ammonium hydroxide and deionized water as solvent, polyvinyl pyrrolidone as a capping agent, and sodium borohydride and ascorbic acid as reducing agents. These formulated products were characterized through a variety of techniques. XRD confirmed phase purity and detected the presence of distinct fcc structures belonging to Cu and Ag phases. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of vibrational modes corresponding to various functional groups and recorded characteristic peak emanating from the bimetallic. UV–visible spectroscopy revealed reduction in band gap with increasing Ag content. SEM and HR-TEM micrographs revealed spherical morphology of Ag-doped Cu bimetallic with small and large scale agglomerations. The samples exhibited varying dimensions and interlayer spacing. Bactericidal action of synthesized Cu:Ag bimetallic NPs depicted statistically significant (P < 0.05) inhibition zones recorded for various concentrations of Ag dopant against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) ranging from (0.85–2.8 mm), (0.55–1.95 mm) and (0.65–1.85 mm), respectively. Broadly, Cu:Ag bimetallic NPs were found to be more potent against gram-positive compared with gram-negative. Molecular docking study of Ag–Cu bimetallic NPs was performed against β-lactamase which is a key enzyme of cell wall biosynthetic pathway from both S. aureus (Binding score: − 4.981 kcal/mol) and A. bauminnii (Binding score: − 4.013 kcal/mol). Similarly, binding interaction analysis against FabI belonging to fatty acid biosynthetic pathway from A. bauminnii (Binding score: − 3.385 kcal/mol) and S. aureus (Binding score: − 3.012 kcal/mol) along with FabH from E. coli (Binding score: − 4.372 kcal/mol) was undertaken. These theoretical computations indicate Cu-Ag bimetallic NPs as possible inhibitor of selected enzymes. It is suggested that exploring in vitro inhibition potential of these materials may open new avenues for antibiotic discovery.
Self-reported psychological disorders among the mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and typically developed children
Authors: Ansari Ahmed Malalla Al , Janahi Mohamed Ismael , AlTourah Abdulrahman J. , Jahrami Haitham Ali , Rajab Mansour Bin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
To assess the prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress among mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), type 1 diabetes (DM), and typical development (TD), in a geographical area where such data are lacking

Method
A descriptive study with the three groups of parents of children with and without a condition was conducted (ASD n=126, group 1; DM n=43, group 2; and TD n= 116, comparative group). Measures of depression, anxiety, and stress were collected to examine the prevalence of factors, difference between groups, and their association with demographic characteristics.

Results
On the DASS-21, both groups 1 and 2 had higher mean scores for depression (37.86), anxiety (4.58), and stress (29.81) than the control group (P=0.015). On the PSS-14, the mean score was higher in group 2 (28.63) than in group 1 (27.61) and the comparison group (25.87) (P=0.004). On the DASS 21, group 1 scored higher in the depression domain (P=0.046), whereas group 2 scored higher in the anxiety domain (P=0.034) and stress domain (P=0.009) than the TD group.

Conclusion
Mothers of children with ASD should be assessed for the presence of depression following diagnosis. Mothers of children with type 1 diabetes require careful monitoring for the effects of anxiety and stress on their mental health and therefore their ability to cope with diabetes management plans.

Trial registration
Not applicable.
Hokkaido birth cohort study on environment and children’s health: cohort profile 2021
Authors:   the members of The Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children’s Health, Kishi Reiko , Ikeda-Araki Atsuko , Miyashita Chihiro , Itoh Sachiko , Kobayashi Sumitaka , Ait Bamai Yu , Yamazaki Keiko , Tamura Naomi , Minatoya Machiko , Ketema Rahel Mesfin , Poudel Kritika , Miura Ryu , Masuda Hideyuki , Itoh Mariko , Yamaguchi Takeshi , Fukunaga Hisanori , Ito Kumiko , Goudarzi Houman 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
The Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children’s Health is an ongoing study consisting of two birth cohorts of different population sizes: the Sapporo cohort and the Hokkaido cohort. Our primary objectives are to (1) examine the effects that low-level environmental chemical exposures have on birth outcomes, including birth defects and growth retardation; (2) follow the development of allergies, infectious diseases, and neurobehavioral developmental disorders, as well as perform a longitudinal observation of child development; (3) identify high-risk groups based on genetic susceptibility to environmental chemicals; and (4) identify the additive effects of various chemicals, including tobacco.

Methods
The purpose of this report is to provide an update on the progress of the Hokkaido Study, summarize recent results, and suggest future directions. In particular, this report provides the latest details from questionnaire surveys, face-to-face examinations, and a collection of biological specimens from children and measurements of their chemical exposures.

Results
The latest findings indicate different risk factors of parental characteristics on birth outcomes and the mediating effect between socioeconomic status and children that are small for the gestational age. Maternal serum folate was not associated with birth defects. Prenatal chemical exposure and smoking were associated with birth size and growth, as well as cord blood biomarkers, such as adiponectin, leptin, thyroid, and reproductive hormones. We also found significant associations between the chemical levels and neuro development, asthma, and allergies.

Conclusions
Chemical exposure to children can occur both before and after birth. Longer follow-up for children is crucial in birth cohort studies to reinforce the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis. In contrast, considering shifts in the exposure levels due to regulation is also essential, which may also change the association to health outcomes. This study found that individual susceptibility to adverse health effects depends on the genotype. Epigenome modification of DNA methylation was also discovered, indicating the necessity of examining molecular biology perspectives. International collaborations can add a new dimension to the current knowledge and provide novel discoveries in the future.
TCONS_00230836 silencing restores stearic acid-induced β cell dysfunction through alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress rather than apoptosis
Authors: Guo Rui , Zhang Yunjin , Yu Yue , Su Shenghan , Zhao Qingrui , Chu Xia , Li Shenglong , Lu✉ Huimin , Sun Changhao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Chronic exposure of pancreatic β cells to high levels of stearic acid (C18:0) leads to impaired insulin secretion, which accelerates the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) were found to participate in saturated fatty acid-induced metabolism dysfunction. However, their contribution to stearic acid-induced β-cell dysfunction remains largely unknown. This study evaluated the possible role of the lncRNA TCONS_00230836 in stearic acid-stimulated lipotoxicity to β cells.

Method
Using high-throughput RNA-sequencing, TCONS_00230836 was screened out as being exclusively differentially expressed in stearic acid-treated mouse β-TC6 cells. Co-expression network was constructed to reveal the potential mRNAs targeted for lncRNA TCONS_00230836. Changes in this lncRNA’s and candidate mRNAs’ levels were further assessed by real-time PCR in stearic acid-treated β-TC6 cells and islets of mice fed a high-stearic-acid diet (HSD). The localization of TCONS_00230836 was detected by fluorescent in situ hybridization. The endogenous lncRNA TCONS_00230836 in β-TC6 cells was abrogated by its Smart Silencer.

Results
TCONS_00230836 was enriched in mouse islets and mainly localized in the cytoplasm. Its expression was significantly increased in stearic acid-treated β-TC6 cells and HSD-fed mouse islets. Knockdown of TCONS_00230836 significantly restored stearic acid-impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion through alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress. However, stearic acid-induced β cell apoptosis was not obviously recovered.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest the involvement of TCONS_00230836 in stearic acid-induced β-cell dysfunction, which provides novel insight into stearic acid-induced lipotoxicity to β cells. Anti-lncRNA TCONS_00230836 might be a new therapeutic strategy for alleviating stearic acid-induced β-cell dysfunction in the progression of T2DM.
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility-Associated Mitochondrial Gene orf312 Derived from Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivar Tadukan
Authors: Takatsuka Ayumu , Kazama Tomohiko , Toriyama Kinya 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a trait associated with non-functional pollen or anthers, caused by the interaction between mitochondrial and nuclear genes.

Findings
A Tadukan-type CMS line (TAA) and a restorer line (TAR) were obtained by successive backcrossing between the Oryza sativa cultivars Tadukan (a cytoplasmic donor) and Taichung 65 (a recurrent pollen parent). Using Illumina HiSeq, we determined whole-genome sequences of the mitochondria of TAA and screened the mitochondrial genome for the presence of open reading frame (orf) genes specific to this genome. One of these orf genes, orf312, showed differential expression patterns in TAA and TAR anthers at the meiotic and mature stages, with transcript amounts in TAR being less than those in TAA. The orf312 gene is similar to the previously described orf288, a part of which is among the components comprising WA352, a chimeric CMS-associated gene of wild-abortive-type CMS.

Conclusions
The orf312 gene is a promising candidate for CMS-associated gene in TAA.
Outcome of Buck’s fascia repair with wingless glanuloplasty in distal penile hypospadias
Authors: Fahiem-Ul-Hassan Mir , Jadhav Vinay , Munianjanappa Narendrababu , Saroja Murali , Santhanakrishnan Ramesh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Hypospadias surgery is technically demanding and is often encountered with complications like fistula and glanular dehiscence. To prevent these complications we have instituted Buck’s fascia repair (BFR) with wingless glanuloplasty (WLP) in the cases of distal penile hypospadias (DPH) deemed to be suitable for TIP repair. The aim of this prospective study was to assess the outcome of Buck’s fascia repair (BFR) with minimal wingless glanuloplasty (WGP).

Methods
This prospective study included 50 patients with coronal, subcoronal and midpenile hypospadias who received a tubularization of incised plate (TIP) repair. The exclusion criteria were glanular hypospadias, Thiersch Duplay repair, proximal penile hypospadias, previous penile surgeries, uncorrectable chordee, glans size < 14 mm, flat glanular groove and preoperative testosterone therapy.

Results
Over a period of 3 years, 50 patients with mean age of 3.5 ± 0.8 years were recruited for the study. Meatal position was coronal, subcoronal and midpenile in 6, 24 and 20 patients, respectively. Fistula occurred in one patient (2%) and meatal stenosis in one. Straining on micturition was noted in two patients that needed dilatation in postoperative period. None of the patients had glanular dehiscence. Surgeon acceptability of the procedure was good. Cosmetic results were also fair.

Conclusion
Buck’s fascia repair with Wingless glanuloplasty is a good repair for the distal penile hypospadias. It is effective and is associated with low fistula rates and glanular dehiscence. It is technically simple procedure involving minimal dissection. However, caution should be observed in midpenile hypospadias to avoid tight repair in subcoronal region.
A comparative analysis of the intrauterine transcriptome in fertile and subfertile mares using cytobrush sampling
Authors: Weber Katharina S. , Wagener Karen , Blanco Miguel , Bauersachs Stefan , Bollwein Heinrich 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundSubfertility is a major problem in modern horse breeding. Especially, mares without clinical signs of reproductive diseases, without known uterine pathogens and no evidence of inflammation but not becoming pregnant after several breeding attempts are challenging for veterinarians. To obtain new insights into the cause of these fertility problems and aiming at improving diagnosis of subfertile mares, a comparative analysis of the intrauterine transcriptome in subfertile and fertile mares was performed. Uterine cytobrush samples were collected during estrus from 57 mares without clinical signs of uterine diseases. RNA was extracted from the cytobrush samples and samples from 11 selected subfertile and 11 fertile mares were used for Illumina RNA-sequencing.ResultsThe cytobrush sampling was a suitable technique to isolate enough RNA of high quality for transcriptome analysis. Comparing subfertile and fertile mares, 114 differentially expressed genes (FDR = 10%) were identified. Metascape enrichment analysis revealed that genes with lower mRNA levels in subfertile mares were related to ‘extracellular matrix (ECM)’, ‘ECM-receptor interaction’, ‘focal adhesion’, ‘immune response’ and ‘cytosolic calcium ion concentration’, while DEGs with higher levels in subfertile mares were enriched for ‘monocarboxyl acid transmembrane transport activity’ and ‘protein targeting’.ConclusionOur study revealed significant differences in the uterine transcriptome between fertile and subfertile mares and provides leads for potential uterine molecular biomarkers of subfertility in the mare.
Characterization of full-length transcriptome in Saccharum officinarum and molecular insights into tiller development
Authors: Yan Haifeng , Zhou Huiwen , Luo Hanmin , Fan Yegeng , Zhou Zhongfeng , Chen Rongfa , Luo Ting , Li Xujuan , Liu Xinlong , Li Yangrui , Qiu Lihang , Wu Jianming 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Although extensive breeding efforts are ongoing in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.), the average yield is far below the theoretical potential. Tillering is an important component of sugarcane yield, however, the molecular mechanism underlying tiller development is still elusive. The limited genomic data in sugarcane, particularly due to its complex and large genome, has hindered in-depth molecular studies.

Results
Herein, we generated full-length (FL) transcriptome from developing leaf and tiller bud samples based on PacBio Iso-Seq. In addition, we performed RNA-seq from tiller bud samples at three developmental stages (T0, T1 and T2) to uncover key genes and biological pathways involved in sugarcane tiller development. In total, 30,360 and 20,088 high-quality non-redundant isoforms were identified in leaf and tiller bud samples, respectively, representing 41,109 unique isoforms in sugarcane. Likewise, we identified 1063 and 1037 alternative splicing events identified in leaf and tiller bud samples, respectively. We predicted the presence of coding sequence for 40,343 isoforms, 98% of which was successfully annotated. Comparison with previous FL transcriptomes in sugarcane revealed 2963 unreported isoforms. In addition, we characterized 14,946 SSRs from 11,700 transcripts and 310 lncRNAs. By integrating RNA-seq with the FL transcriptome, 468 and 57 differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified in T1vsT0 and T2vsT0, respectively. Strong up-regulation of several pyruvate phosphate dikinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase genes suggests enhanced carbon fixation and protein synthesis to facilitate tiller growth. Similarly, up-regulation of linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase and lipoxygenase genes in the linoleic acid metabolism pathway suggests high synthesis of key oxylipins involved in tiller growth and development.

Conclusions
Collectively, we have enriched the genomic data available in sugarcane and provided candidate genes for manipulating tiller formation and development, towards productivity enhancement in sugarcane.
Genome-wide identification, evolutionary estimation and functional characterization of two cotton CKI gene types
Authors: Li Yanlong , Li Yaoyao , Chen Yuanyuan , Wang Maojun , Yang Jing , Zhang Xianlong , Zhu Longfu , Kong Jie , Min Ling 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Casein kinase I (CKI) is a kind of serine/threonine protein kinase highly conserved in plants and animals. Although molecular function of individual member of CKI family has been investigated in Arabidopsis, little is known about their evolution and functions in Gossypium.

Results
In this study, five cotton species were applied to study CKI gene family in cotton, twenty-two species were applied to trace the origin and divergence of CKI genes. Four important insights were gained: (i) the cotton CKI genes were classified into two types based on their structural characteristics; (ii) two types of CKI genes expanded with tetraploid event in cotton; (iii) two types of CKI genes likely diverged about 1.5 billion years ago when red and green algae diverged; (iv) two types of cotton CKI genes which highly expressed in leaves showed stronger response to photoperiod (circadian clock) and light signal, and most two types of CKI genes highly expressed in anther showed identical heat inducible expression during anther development in tetraploid cotton (Gossypium hirsutum).

Conclusion
This study provides genome-wide insights into the evolutionary history of cotton CKI genes and lays a foundation for further investigation of the functional differentiation of two types of CKI genes in specific developmental processes and environmental stress conditions.
A prognostic nomogram for long-term major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Kong Shuting , Chen Changxi , Zheng Gaoshu , Yao Hui , Li Junfeng , Ye Hong , Wang Xiaobo , Qu Xiang , Zhou Xiaodong , Lu Yucheng , Zhou Hao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Accurate prediction of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) is very important for the management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. We aimed to construct an effective prognostic nomogram for individualized risk estimates of MACEs for patients with ACS after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods
This was a prospective study of patients with ACS after PCI from January 2013 to July 2019 (n = 2465). After removing patients with incomplete clinical information, a total of 1986 patients were randomly divided into evaluation (n = 1324) and validation (n = 662) groups. Predictors included in the nomogram were determined by a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model based on the training set. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calibration curves were used to assess the discrimination and predictive accuracy of the nomogram, which were then compared with those of the classic models. The clinical utility of the nomogram was assessed by X-tile analysis and Kaplan–Meier curve analysis.

Results
Independent prognostic factors, including lactate level, age, left anterior descending branch stenosis, right coronary artery stenosis, brain natriuretic peptide level, and left ventricular ejection fraction, were determined and contained in the nomogram. The nomogram achieved good areas under the ROC curve of 0.712–0.762 in the training set and 0.724–0.818 in the validation set and well-fitted calibration curves. In addition, participants could be divided into two risk groups (low and high) according to this model.

Conclusions
A simple-to-use nomogram incorporating lactate level effectively predicted 6-month, 1-year, and 4-year MACE incidence among patients with ACS after PCI.
Impact of diurnal temperature range on cardiovascular disease hospital admissions among Chinese farmers in Dingxi (the Northwest China)
Authors: Zhai Guangyu , Qi Jintao , Chai Guorong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Diurnal temperature range (DTR) has been widely applied in exploring its effect on cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, few studies have investigated the correlations between DTR and CVD in poor rural areas in China. This study aimed to examine the association between DTR and CVD in rural China.

Methods
A distributed lag nonlinear model was used to evaluate the relationship between DTR and CVD risk among farmers living in the city of Dingxi (Northwest China) in the period from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2019.

Results
We observed nonlinear M-patterns between the relative risk (RR) of DTR (reference: median DTR, 12 °C) and CVD hospitalizations in all subgroups. The peak RR of CVD was noticed at DTR of 6 °C (total: 1.418; men: 1.546; women: 1.403; young: 1.778; old: 2.549) and 17 °C (total: 1.781; men: 1.937; women: 1.712; young: 2.233; old: 1.798). The adverse effect of DTR on CVD risk was more pronounced in females (RR 1.438) and elderly (RR 2.034) than males (RR 1.141) and younger adults (RR 1.852) at the extremely low (5th, 4 °C) DTR. The reverse was observed at the extremely high DTR (95th, 19 °C) (male: 1.267; females: 0.993; young: 1.586; old: 1.212).

Conclusions
DTR is associated with CVD morbidity. This association was more pronounced in women and elderly, but men and younger peoples at extremely high DTR (19 °C). Future measures should take DTR into account to prevent CVD among susceptible populations.
Managing diabetes mellitus with comorbidities in primary healthcare facilities in urban settings: a qualitative study among physicians in Odisha, India
Authors: Pati Sandipana , Pati Sanghamitra , van den Akker Marjan , Schellevis F. G. , Sahoo Krushna Chandra , Burgers Jako S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aim
To explore the perceived barriers and facilitators in the management of the patients having diabetes with comorbidities by primary care physicians.

Methods
A qualitative In-Depth Interview study was conducted among the primary care physicians at seventeen urban primary health care centres at Bhubaneswar city of Odisha, India. The digitally recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and translated into English. The data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results
Barriers related to physicians, patients and health system were identified. Physicians felt lack of necessary knowledge and skills, communication skills and overburdening due to multiple responsibilities to be major barriers to quality care. Patients’ attitude and beliefs along with socio-economic status played an important role in treatment adherence and in the management of their disease conditions. Poor infrastructure, irregular medicine supply, and shortage of skilled allied health professionals were also found to be barriers to optimal care delivery, as was the lack of electronic medical records and personal treatment records.

Conclusion
Comprehensive guidelines with on the job training for capacity building of the physicians and creation of multidisciplinary teams at primary care level for a more holistic approach towards management of diabetes with comorbidities could be the way forward to optimal delivery of care.