bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smart Monitoring of Flat Wheel in Railway Using Optical Sensors
Authors: Sharan Preeta , Singh Manna Manpreet , Kaur Inderpreet 
Published: June 2021

The need for improved safety, reliability and efficiency is one of the most important aspects of the railway industry worldwide. Optical sensors can be used in smart condition monitoring system that can allow real time and continuous monitoring of the structural and operational conditions of trains. Railway monitoring is carried by the use of Fiber Bragg Grating sensors which measures strain, vibration, temperature, acceleration in continuous manner. This chapter covers introduction and working of optical sensors, Finite Element Analysis of rail-wheel geometry and health monitoring of rail wheel. FBG as optical sensor is well known for its advantages such as easy multiplexing, wavelength encoding and multiparameter sensing, immune to electromagnetic interference, reliability, flexibility. Sensitivity of optical sensor in compare to traditional sensors goes as 1.2 pm/μɛ and 10 pm/μɛ for strain and temperature sensor at 1550 nm of wavelength.
Development of a Routing Software for Inshore Match Races
Authors: Tagliaferri Francesca , Viola Ignazio Maria 
Published: June 2021

Yacht races are won by good sailors racing fast boats. A good skipper takes decisions at key moments of the race based on the anticipated wind behavior and on his position on the racing area and with respect to the competitors. His aim is generally to complete the race before all his opponents, or, when this is not possible, to perform better than some of them. In the past two decades some methods have been proposed to compute optimal strategies for a yacht race. Those strategies are aimed at minimizing the expected time needed to complete the race and are based on the assumption that the faster a yacht, the higher the number of races that it will win (and opponents that it will defeat). In a match race, however, only two yachts are competing. A skipper’s aim is therefore to complete the race before his opponent rather than completing the race in the shortest possible time. This means that being on average faster may not necessarily mean winning the majority of races. This papers present the development of software to compute a sailing strategy for a match race that can defeat an opponent who is following a fixed strategy that minimizes the expected time of completion of the race. The proposed method includes two novel aspects in the strategy computation:
A short-term wind forecast, based on an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model, is performed in real time during the race using the wind measurements collected on board.
Depending on the relative position with respect to the opponent, decisions with different levels of risk aversion are computed. The risk attitude is modeled using Coherent Risk Measures. The software is tested in a number of simulated races. The results confirm that maximizing the probability of winning a match race does not necessarily correspond to minimizing the expected time needed to complete the race.
Transcriptome analysis associated with polysaccharide synthesis and their antioxidant activity in Cyclocarya paliurus leaves of different developmental stages
Authors: Lin Weida , Chen Huanwei , Wang Jianmei , Zheng Yongli , Lu Qiuwei , Zhu Ziping , Li Na , Jin Zexin , Li Junmin , Lu Hongfei 
Published: June 2021

Background
Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja is a common endemic tree species and used as a Chinese medicine. The main active components in the leaves of this plant are polysaccharides. However, the temporal patterns of gene expression underlying the synthesis of polysaccharides in C. paliurus at different leaf developmental stages and its relationship with the polysaccharide content and antioxidant activities has not been reported to date.

Methods
RNA-seq was used to investigate the biosynthesis pathway of polysaccharides at the four developmental stages of C. paliurus leaves. The content and the antioxidant activities of polysaccharides were measured with typical biochemical methods and the identified correlations were statistically evaluated.

Results
Sixty-nine differentially expressed genes were found in the leaves during different developmental stages of C. paliurus. These are associated with glycosyltransferases and belong to 18 families. During different developmental stages of C. paliurus, the polysaccharide content first increased and then decreased, and the UDP-glucose 4-epimerase gene was found to be significantly positively correlated with the polysaccharide content. The clearance rates of DPPH radicals, superoxide anion radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and the reducing power of polysaccharides in the leaves of C. paliurus at different developmental stages showed a dose-dependent relationship with the concentration of polysaccharides.

Conclusions
The smallest fully expanded leaves are suitable for high-quality tea, and leaves with sizes below the largest fully expanded leaves are suitable for industrial production of polysaccharides.
Intra-family violence against childrenand adolescents: the role of nursing / Violência intrafamiliar contra criança e adolescente: o papel da enfermagem
Authors: Freitas Rodrigo Jácob Moreira de , Lima Catariny Lindaray Fonseca de , Costa Tereza Amélia de Morais , Barros Andressa de Sousa , Moura Natana Abreu de , Monteiro Ana Ruth Macêdo 
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: compreender a assistência do enfermeiro diante das crianças e adolescentes vítimas de violência intrafamiliar. Método: pesquisa descritiva de abordagem qualitativa, realizada em quatro unidades básicas de saúde de um município de médio porte do Nordeste brasileiro. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevista semiestruturada, seguindo roteiro norteador, com oito enfermeiros do setor. Os dados foram analisados através da técnica do discurso do sujeito coletivo. Resultados: os enfermeiros compreendem o que é violência intrafamiliar, conhecem os tipos de violência e como identificar na sua prática. Acreditam que o papel do enfermeiro é ouvir e orientar os pais, notificar e acionar os órgãos responsáveis. Ainda relatam que o município é carente em capacitação de profissionais acerca desse assunto. Conclusão: sugere-se que um plano de treinamento e desenvolvimento de profissionais de enfermagem seja implantado na cidade, conferindo-lhes conhecimento necessário para saber abordar e tratar essa situação.
How do natural changes in flow magnitude affect fish abundance and diversity in temperate regions? A systematic review protocol
Authors: Birnie‐Gauvin Kim , Rytwinski Trina , Harper Meagan , Taylor Jessica J. , Smith Adrienne , Smokorowski Karen E. , Turgeon Katrine , Bradford Michael J. , Cooke Steven J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Natural flow regimes play important roles in maintaining the ecological integrity and diversity of aquatic ecosystems. Wildlife has adapted over time to the natural dynamics of their environment, including changes in flow regimes. Changes in flow, including changes in magnitude, frequency, duration, timing and rate of change, may affect the physical characteristics of aquatic habitats, access to habitats, food availability, population dynamics and community composition.
Given the importance of natural flow regimes for fish, it is necessary to understand the extent to which natural flow regimes alter fish abundance and diversity. Here we present a protocol for a systematic review that will estimate how fish abundance and diversity are affected by natural variation (resulting from climatic variability and broad‐scale drivers such as climate‐induced change) in flow.
This systematic review will use evidence published before 2016 that was identified in a recent systematic mapping exercise on the broader topic of flow regime change impacts (both natural and anthropogenic) on direct outcomes of freshwater or estuarine fish productivity. An updated English language search will be performed using six bibliographic databases, Google Scholar and networking tools to include commercially published and grey literature that has been published after 2016. Eligibility screening will be conducted at two stages: title and abstract, and full‐text. We will include all studies that evaluate the effect of natural changes in flow magnitude on fish abundance (broadly defined to also capture density and biomass metrics) and species diversity (broadly defined to also capture species richness and composition metrics). Any freshwater or estuarine fish species in temperate regions will be considered.
Included eligible studies will be assessed for study validity. We will extract information on study characteristics, intervention/comparator details, measured outcomes and effect modifiers. A narrative synthesis will describe the quantity and characteristics of the available evidence, and where sufficient numbers of similar studies are available, a meta‐analysis will be conducted to estimate an overall mean and variance of effect.
Pyrrolidone and Caprolactam Functionalized Natural and Synthetic Polymers
Authors: Brush Kelly A. , Musa Osama M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis chapter provides a sampling of diverse synthetic approaches to pyrrolidone‐ and caprolactam‐functionalized natural and synthetic polymers. Enhancing the property profiles of major industrial polymers is a common motivation for such research endeavors. A significant portion of synthetic polymers are obtained by conventional free radical polymerization of vinyl monomers. Free radical polymerization termination can occur by combination or disproportionation reactions. The class of N‐vinylpyrrolidone polymers is utilized in a wide range of industrial applications. The class of polyvinylcaprolactam polymers are temperature‐responsive materials that have proven useful in many application areas. Polysaccharides are high molecular weight polymeric carbohydrate molecules that consist of long chains of monosaccharide units. Natural biopolymers are available from renewable marine and agricultural resources. Cellulose, chitin, starch, glycogen, and galactomannans are a few examples of common natural polysaccharides. Traditional derivatization of polysaccharides of high industrial relevance, such as cellulose, involves etherification and esterification processes.
Brucella Infection Investigation in Cetaceans and Manatees in Northeast Brazil
Authors: de Sousa Gláucia Pereira , Soares Rodrigo Martins , Borges João Carlos Gomes , Brito Ana Paula Domingos , Oliveira Daniella Carvalho Ribeiro , Faita Thalita , Attademo Fernanda Loffler Niemeyer , Luna Fábia de Oliveira , de Oliveira Radan Elvis Matias , Freitas Carlos Iberê Alves , Vergara-Parente Jociery Einhardt , Keid Lara Borges 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Among the bacterial infections that impair the health status of marine mammals, those caused by Brucella spp. are the most reported worldwide. Brucella infections in marine mammals can result in acute or chronic disease and are associated with variable clinical outcomes, depending on the organ involved during the infectious process, infection route, host immunity, and strain pathogenicity. Asymptomatic infections may also occur. The current study expands the investigation of Brucella infection in northeast Brazil by analyzing 19 dead, stranded cetaceans and 52 Antillean manatees Trichechus manatus manatus. The manatees included 8 dead, captive manatees and 44 live specimens, of which 10 were analyzed only after reintroduction into the wild as part of a rehabilitation program, 9 were analyzed both while in captivity or semi-captivity and after reintroduction, 20 were sampled only in captivity or semi-captivity, and 5 were free-living manatees. Serological tests were used to screen for antibodies against smooth Brucella spp. Whole blood, swabs, and tissue samples were screened for Brucella spp. DNA by PCR. Samples with positive PCR results were cultured for Brucella spp. isolation. All manatees yielded negative results in serological and molecular tests. Brucella spp. DNA was detected in the kidney of one adult Guiana dolphin Sotalia guianensis exhibiting necrosis in the liver. No growth of Brucella spp. was observed via microbiological culturing. This study is the first report of Brucella spp. DNA detection in cetaceans in the state of Pernambuco, and it highlights the importance of conducting systematic monitoring for the presence of Brucella infection in marine mammals along the Brazilian coast, especially in the northeast region, where several cases have been reported.
Shaping the Bacterial Epitranscriptome—5′‐Terminal and Internal RNA Modifications
Authors: Schauerte Maik , Pozhydaieva Nadiia , Höfer Katharina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAll domains of life utilize a diverse set of modified ribonucleotides that can impact the sequence, structure, function, stability, and the fate of RNAs, as well as their interactions with other molecules. Today, more than 160 different RNA modifications are known that decorate the RNA at the 5′‐terminus or internal RNA positions. The boost of next‐generation sequencing technologies sets the foundation to identify and study the functional role of RNA modifications. The recent advances in the field of RNA modifications reveal a novel regulatory layer between RNA modifications and proteins, which is central to developing a novel concept called “epitranscriptomics.” The majority of RNA modifications studies focus on the eukaryotic epitranscriptome. In contrast, RNA modifications in prokaryotes are poorly characterized. This review outlines the current knowledge of the prokaryotic epitranscriptome focusing on mRNA modifications. Here, it is described that several internal and 5′‐terminal RNA modifications either present or likely present in prokaryotic mRNA. Thereby, the individual techniques to identify these epitranscriptomic modifications, their writers, readers and erasers, and their proposed functions are explored. Besides that, still unanswered questions in the field of prokaryotic epitranscriptomics are pointed out, and its future perspectives in the dawn of next‐generation sequencing technologies are outlined.
High Performance NIR OLEDs with Low Efficiency Roll‐Off by Leveraging Os(II) Phosphors and Exciplex Co‐Host
Authors: Zhu Ze‐Lin , Tan Ji‐Hua , Chen Wen‐Cheng , Yuan Yi , Fu Li‐Wen , Cao Chen , You Cheng‐Ju , Ni Shao‐Fei , Chi Yun , Lee Chun‐Sing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) organic‐light emitting devices (OLEDs) with high radiance are useful for applications including invisible marking, communication, and biomedical imaging. However, performances of NIR OLEDs are typically limited by their severe efficiency roll‐offs at high current density. Herein, three isoquinolinyl azolate based Os(II) complexes (Isq‐1–3) with short radiative decay lifetime (in hundreds of ns), and photoluminescence with peak wavelengths > 745 nm and quantum yield up to 48% as doped thin films, are reported. Upon concomitant employment of exciplex‐forming co‐host (tris(4‐carbazoyl‐9‐ylphenyl)amine and 2,4,6‐tris(biphenyl‐3‐yl)‐1,3,5‐triazine), efficiency roll‐off is greatly reduced, giving external quantum efficiency of 9.66% at a current density of 300 mA cm−2. A maximum radiance over 170 W sr−1 m−2 is also achieved in devices based on Isq‐2 and Isq‐3.
Nanofibrillar Hydrogels by Temperature Driven Self‐Assembly: New Structures for Cell Growth and Their Biological and Medical Implications
Authors: Abalymov Anatolii A. , Santos Carlos A. B. , Van der Meeren Louis , Van de Walle Davy , Dewettinck Koen , Parakhonskiy Bogdan V. , Skirtach Andre G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNanofibrillar structures are of importance in biomedicine, including lung, cardiovascular, liver, skin, neuroscience research, and tissue engineering. Developing advanced materials and interfaces should contribute to uncovering the mechanisms of diseases aiming to find cure. The similarity between the extracellular matrix (ECM) of soft tissue and hydrogels, characterized by a high water‐content viscoelastic polymeric fiber, has stimulated the development of hydrogels for biomedical applications. However, most hydrogels have a meshy structure resulting in poor cell adhesion properties. Here, fabrication of gellan gum (GG) hydrogels arranged by thermally driven self‐assembly into a network of nanofibers is reported. Mechanical properties of such nanofibrillar hydrogels are analyzed on micro‐ and macroscales. As a result, and in sharp contrast to commonly produced meshy GG hydrogels, the nanofiber‐based hydrogels facilitate the adherence and lead to proliferation of cells. This is assigned to microstructural rearrangements characterized by a changing density and pore size decrease, accompanied with a lower water content. Cell growth on such nanofibrillar structures is investigated for osteoblasts, which are chosen as a model system. The developed nanofibrous interfaces in this study are envisioned to be applicable for growing various types of cells and they should contribute to better understanding cell interactions with ECM.
Surface Lattice Resonances in Self‐Templated Plasmonic Honeycomb and Moiré Lattices
Authors: Volk Kirsten , Honold Tobias , Feller Déborah , Karg Matthias 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSurface lattice resonances appear in periodic plasmonic nanoparticle arrays due to the hybridization of plasmonic and photonic modes. Compared to localized surface plasmon resonances of single particles, these coupled modes feature reduced linewidth, angle‐dependent dispersion, and long‐range collectivity. Here, the optical response of self‐assembled plasmonic monolayers of periodically arranged gold and silver nanoparticles is studied. In comparison to already established hexagonal lattices, self‐templated honeycomb and Moiré type lattices as well as their binary counterparts that include silver and gold nanoparticles in the same monolayer are looked at. All periodic arrays feature macroscopic dimensions (cm‐scale) and support surface lattice resonances as evidenced from classical extinction measurements. The experimental findings are supported by results from finite difference time domain simulations. Variation of the plasmonic material, the lattice spacing, and geometry enables spectral tunability of the optical response of the lattices.
Octylammonium Sulfate Decoration Enhancing the Moisture Durability of Quasi‐2D Perovskite Film for Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wang Hongyue , Wei Yang , Li Huixin , Zhang Xiuhai , Qi Heng , Tang Bo , Guo Yangyang , Ye Linfeng , Wang Hongqiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractQuasi‐2D perovskite exhibits excellent luminescence properties for highly efficient perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs). However, the lattice degradation and crystalline phase transition induced by water limit the PeLED's development for application and commercialization. It is demonstrated that the organic additives effectively reduce the defect density, while the bonding strength of these organics and perovskite becomes weak under the high electric field and the Joule heat in an operating PeLED. Thus, an alternative additive for forming strong bonding with perovskite is promising to improve the stability of perovskite film and PeLEDs simultaneously. Here, it is shown that octylammonium sulfate decoration effectively enhances the moisture durability of PEA2(CsPbBr3)4PbBr4 quasi‐2D perovskite film by generating PbSO4 on the surface. The strong bonding interaction of SO42− and Pb2+ ions leads to the reduced defect density, enhanced lattice stability, and robust photoluminescence quantum yield of perovskite film, which is confirmed by the density functional theory calculation. Moreover, the generated PbSO4 reduces the internal resistance and adjusts the band structure of perovskite film to enhance the carrier transport and injection balance. The PeLEDs based on PbSO4 decorated perovskite film exhibit enhanced operational lifetime and the maximum external quantum efficiency of 10.84%.
Multifunctional All‐Dielectric Metasurfaces for Terahertz Multiplexing
Authors: Liu Wanying , Yang Quanlong , Xu Quan , Jiang Xiaohan , Wu Tong , Wang Kemeng , Gu Jianqiang , Han Jiaguang , Zhang Weili 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHermite–Gaussian (HG) beams, corresponding to high‐order transverse modes, reveal a great potential in the space division multiplexing in optical and wireless communications. Higher data rates are made possible by the introduction of multiplexing, which is critical for next‐generation wireless communications working at terahertz frequency. Here, the multifunctional all‐dielectric metasurfaces are studied both theoretically and experimentally to implement terahertz mode and polarization division multiplexing. Terahertz incidence with fundamental Gaussian mode could be converted to high‐order HG modes by the silicon‐based metasurface. More interestingly, phase distributions of the axicons and deflectors are integrated into the mode conversion to reduce the divergence of the output beam and spatially separate each mode. The proposed multifunctional metasurfaces open a new avenue to the potential application of metasurface‐based devices in terahertz communication systems.
Observation of Net Stimulated Emission in CsPbBr3 Thin Films Prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Cheng Shijia , Chang Qing , Wang Zeng , Xiao Lian , Chia Elbert E. M. , Sun Handong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInorganic halid perovskites, such as CsPbX3 (X = Br, Cl, or I), have attracted a great deal of attention for next generation on‐chip optoelectronic devices for which high quality thin films are essential. So far, most utilized fabrication techniques for halide perovskite films have been based on solution synthesized methods, taking advantage of cost effectiveness and flexibility. Conventional solution processed thin films suffer from pinholes, poor morphology and/or low mole fraction when embedded in glass or polymer matrixes, unavoidably limiting their application‐level. Herein, we report the fabrication of high crystalline and coverage CsPbBr3 thin films by using a single‐step physical technique – pulsed laser deposition (PLD). As‐fabricated thin films demonstrate stimulated emission with low pump threshold at room temperature. Systematic investigations suggest that the mechanism of stimulated emission in our CsPbBr3 thin films originates from exciton−exciton inelastic scattering. These results not only shed light on high performance all‐inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite films for various optoelectronic devices, but also enrich the comprehension of stimulated emission mechanism of all‐inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite materials.