bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping conservative Fokker–Planck entropy in neural systems
Authors: Fagerholm Erik D , Scott Gregory , Leech Robert , Turkheimer Federico E , Friston Karl J , Brázdil Milan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Mapping the flow of information through the networks of the brain remains one of the most important challenges in computational neuroscience. In certain cases, this flow can be approximated by considering just two contributing factors—a predictable drift and a randomized diffusion. We show here that the uncertainty associated with such a drift-diffusion process can be calculated in terms of the entropy associated with the Fokker–Planck equation. This entropic evolution comprises two components: an irreversible entropic spread that always increases over time and a reversible entropic current that can increase or decrease locally within the system. We apply this dynamic entropy decomposition to two-photon imaging data collected in the murine visual cortex. Our analysis reveals maps of conserved entropic flow emanating from lateromedial, anterolateral, and rostrolateral regions toward the primary visual cortex (V1). These results highlight the role of V1 as an entropic sink, facilitating the redistribution of information throughout the visual cortex. These findings offer new insights into the hierarchical organization of cortical processing and provide a framework for exploring information dynamics in complex dynamical systems.
Generation of auto-focusing circular Pearcey Swallowtail tornado beams and their application to particle manipulation
Authors: Wu 斌裕 Binyu 邬 , Zhuang 楚鸿 Chuhong 庄 , Liu 子寒 Zihan 刘 , Deng 冬梅 Dongmei 邓 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Optically chiral tornado beams, characterized by their torsion and shrinkage properties in both radial and angular dimensions, show significant potential for studying and applying their interactions with matter. This research generates a novel auto-focusing tornado beam by superimposing a circular Pearcey beam and a circular Swallowtail beam. By tuning the beam parameters, we achieve diverse tornado morphologies and focal spot distributions, and explore the key parameters that influence the beam’s rotation. Furthermore, we investigate the beam’s optical chirality density and the gradient force distribution for capturing Rayleigh particles, and theoretically verify their potential applications in the fields of interaction with chiral matter and particle capture. Finally, the ability of the generated beams to capture micrometre-scale particles is confirmed through experimental verification.
RID-LIO: robust and accurate intensity-assisted LiDAR-based SLAM for degenerated environments
Authors: Sun Tao , Guo Rui , Chen Gang , Wang Hongyan , Li En , Zhang Wenbiao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
LiDAR-based simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) methods often degrade in environments lacking geometric features (such as tunnels and long corridors), where planar features are abundant but linear features are sparse. To address this issue, we propose RID-LIO, an intensity-assisted LiDAR-inertial SLAM framework that integrates adaptive intensity feature extraction and intensity-based loop detection, overcoming the reliance on geometric features in existing methods. First, 3D point clouds are cylindrically projected to generate intensity images, from which intensity line features are extracted to enhance constraints in degraded directions. A weighting function is also incorporated to optimize the quality of the pose estimation, while an efficient intensity edge context descriptor improves loop detection efficiency and reduces trajectory drift. Evaluations on the VECtor dataset show an average improvement of 63.59% in trajectory accuracy. Tests on a private dataset demonstrate that RID-LIO outperforms other state-of-the-art methods in terms of end-to-end error and map consistency.
Auto-PCI: an approach to automated reading of single-pointer meters with adaptive ranges based on YOLOv5s and PP-OCRv3
Authors: Zhan Weihong , Pang Aiping , Yang Wen , Zhang Wenbo , Luo Yonghui , Zhao Qianchuan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In industry, pointer meters are still widely used in traditional industries to monitor the condition of equipment. However, most of the meter reading methods can only read specific gauges. For pointer meters with different ranges, we propose a range-adaptive method for automatic meter reading called Auto-PCI, which uses YOLOv5s to detect the scale values on the instrument panel, and PP-OCRv3 to read these values and determine the range of the target meter. Skewed meter images are corrected by perspective correction, combined with the use of U-Net to accurately extract the pointer and scale areas on the meter for accurate readings. Due to environmental factors, PP-OCRv3 may misread or fail to recognize meter scale values, so we propose a range estimation algorithm to improve the accuracy (Acc) and stability of meter range recognition. Compared with existing methods, our method significantly improves the Acc of readings with a 33.3% reduction in error.
Knowledge and data tandem-driven remaining using life prediction algorithms for few-shot
Authors: Li Yiming , Zhao Yongxing , Luo Guangxu , Wang Jiankang , Liu Tongshan , Song Guiqiu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
How to achieve accurate predictions in a few-shot scenario with limited data is currently a pressing issue. It requires a thorough excavation of domain differences to extract embedded information, improve model generalization, and clarify the decision-making processes, thereby enhancing model credibility and feasibility. To achieve this goal, this study combines the advantages of knowledge-driven and data-driven model, and proposes a knowledge and data tandem-driven algorithm based on deep feature decoupling network (DFDN) to solve the few-shot prediction problem. This method offers both a mechanistic explanation of the employed model and the ability to address few-shot prediction problems. First, the cross-domain metrics of the few-shot data are obtained by an auto-encoding DFDN, and a multi-stage degradation model is constructed. Particle filtering (PF) algorithms and sampling importance resampling techniques are then used to identify the model parameters. The remaining useful life of the bearing is derived through the forward inference of PF and compared to the results of the conventional model for validation. Experiments indicate the superiority and effectiveness of the algorithm approach in few-shot prediction.
LFDNet: a lightweight fault diagnosis network for wind turbine gearboxes
Authors: Xie Keqiang , Cheng Cheng , Cheng Yiwei , Wang Yuanhang , Chen Liping 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
With the fast growth of embedded and handheld intelligent devices, the demand for lightweight fault diagnosis (FD) models of wind turbine gearboxes (WTG) is increasing in actual industrial scenarios. The existing lightweight FD approaches suffer from poor diagnostic performance and low robustness in complex operating environments. In this paper, a FD approach is proposed based on a new lightweight FD network (LFDNet) for high diagnostic performance of WTG. In LFDNet, the stem module, stage module and downsample module are respectively redesigned to reduce the model complexity and maintain superior and robust diagnostic capabilities, which enable it to diagnose the faults of WTG precisely, even with noisy interference. In the validation experiments on a self-made dataset and an open-source dataset, the diagnostic accuracy achieves 99.41% and 99.69%, respectively, which is higher than multiple lightweight deep learning methods. In addition, the anti-noise experiment also shows that the proposed approach has good noise robustness.
Field-effect transistors based on nickel oxide doped with nitrogen semiconductor ferroelectrics for ultralow voltage switch (1 μV), low subthreshold swing and memory
Authors: Vulpe S , Dragoman M , Aldrigo M , Nastase F , Mladenovic D , Ligor O , Dragoman D 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A single field-effect transistor (FET) based on nitrogen doped-nickel oxide (NiON) semiconductor ferroelectric shows an ultralow voltage switch at a gate voltage value of just 1 μV and a subthreshold swing (SS) of 55 mV/decade. The same FET acts as a ferroelectric capacitive non-volatile memory between the drain and the ground. All these features are retrieved in a FET based on NiON grown on a thin layer of aluminum oxide (Al2O3), which was deposited on a doped silicon (Si) wafer. After 1 year, we retrieved the same values in our devices without any thermal annealing or other procedures to wake up the ferroelectricity.
Reaching extreme laser intensities using multi-petawatt lasers interacting with micro-cones
Authors: Budrigă O , d’Humières E , Budrigă A , Tanaka K A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Micro-cones so far mainly used for high energy density physics research have been proven to have an effective control on the fast electrons in the context of fast ignition research. In this paper we demonstrate by performing three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations that an ultra-high intensity laser pulse can be intensified 28 times at the interaction with plastic micro-cones. The extreme intensities of the focused laser which are reached at the interaction with the plastic micro-cones are important in the plasma and nuclear physics investigations of dark matter, non-linear quantum electrodynamics, and fission–fusion experiments to study the N = 126 waiting point for better understanding of the Universe. Furthermore, we observe that micro-cones can shorten ultra-high intensity laser pulses both in time and space. The highest intensification of the incident laser pulse varies in time but not in position being localized very close to the rear side of the micro-cone tip. Therefore, the micro-cone can be a useful device in relativistic plasma optics.
Non-intrusive measurement of magnetic field strengths in a low-pressure argon plasma using quantum beat spectroscopy
Authors: Gilbert Tyler J , Steinberger Thomas E , Scime Earl E 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Accurate measurement of magnetic field strengths is critical in many plasma environments, ranging from astrophysical systems to fusion energy research. In this work, a non-perturbative laser-based optical diagnostic known as quantum beat spectroscopy is demonstrated to be good alternative for measuring the magnetic field strength in low-pressure laboratory plasmas. The technique is investigated using both ns and fs pulsed lasers in an argon plasma. Preliminary results for a helium plasma are also given. Zeeman-split J = 1 electron states with transitions from metastable states were identified and tested for neutral argon

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and neutral helium

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. Magnetic fields are measured with sub-Gauss precision at near single laser pulse acquisition rates.
Computational study of characteristics of atmospheric pressure glow discharge in helium
Authors: Islamov Gubad , Eylenceoglu Ender , Rafatov Ismail 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Numerical analysis of an atmospheric pressure glow discharge (APGD) in helium is carried out. Numerical models are spatially one- and two-dimensional and based on drift-diffusion theory of gas discharges. On the basis of the current–voltage and current density–voltage characteristic curves, the effects of the temperature regime on the cathode surface (cooled vs uncooled), the value of the secondary electron emission coefficient, and the thermal diffusion on the discharge parameters are studied. The possible transition of the discharge to an obstructed mode with gas heating is investigated. An analysis of the formation of normal APGD was carried out, which revealed good agreement with experimental data. The spontaneous emergence of cathode spots is illustrated and discussed.
Collision integrals of electronically excited atoms in air plasmas: II. N–O interactions
Authors: Zhao Wensheng , Hong Qizhen , Yang Chao , Sun Quanhua , Hu Yuan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper is a continuation of our work on constructing the high-accuracy database of the collision integrals (CIs) and transport properties for weakly ionized air plasmas involving electronically excited atoms (Zhao et al 2023 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.
32 125002). In this work, CIs for N(4S,2D,2P)–O(3P) and N(4S)–O(1D) interactions over a wide temperature range are calculated based on the high-quality potential energy curves (PECs). The high-level ab initio calculations are first carried out to obtain the potential energy data covering a broad energy range, which are then fitted to cubic spline interpolation functions to derive the PECs. The accuracy of these PECs is confirmed by their excellent agreement with the available experimental data. Based on the present PECs, the multi-channel quantum mechanical approach in the diabatic representation is adopted to explore nonadiabatic effects on CIs resulting from the avoided crossings between the excited states. The results reveal that ignoring the nonadiabatic effects leads to an underestimation of the calculated CIs, especially at high temperatures. Therefore, a semiclassical-based correction model that effectively considers the multi-channel effects is employed for fast and accurate CI calculations in the temperature range of 500–50 000 K. Based on the present high-accuracy CI data, two most successful phenomenological collision models suitable for the widely used particle simulation methods are re-parameterized. Furthermore, we calculate rate coefficients of electronic quenching and excitation based on our high-quality PECs using the semiclassical method, demonstrating an improvement on prediction accuracy compared to previous calculations when benchmarked against experimental data.
Control of the photoresist etch uniformity in inductive discharge with magnetic resonance wireless power transfer
Authors: Park Junyoung , Hong Young-Hun , Kang Gil-Ho , Kim Min-Seok , Seo Beom-Jun , Kim Ju-Ho , Chung Chin-Wook 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
As chamber and wafer sizes increase to improve productivity, generating a uniform plasma with a large-area plasma source is a key challenge. To control the uniformity of photoresist (PR) etching, an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) source using magnetic resonance wireless power transfer is developed. An inner-powered antenna (PA) connected to a power generator and an outer resonant antenna (RA) connected to a variable capacitor are installed on the chamber. Three resonance regimes are identified as the self-resonance frequency of the RA is adjusted: non-resonance regime, PA and RA current ratio 1:1 regime, and resonance regime. In each regime, the electron energy probability function is measured and the electron kinetics is investigated. In addition, the radial distribution of ion flux is measured and compared to the PR etching results to control etch uniformity through plasma uniformity adjustment. The residual PR thickness shows the opposite profile to the ion flux profile in each regime. Another way to control the PR etch uniformity in addition to the three regimes is the cyclic regime, which is a continuous change of the resonance regime, the PA and RA current ratio 1:1 regime, and the non-resonance regime. At this cyclic regime, the PR thickness is lower by the non-resonance regime at the center region, and lower by the resonance regime in the edge region. In this cyclic regime, it is possible to add a control knob to control PR etch uniformity by adjusting the ratio of time each condition is sustained within the cycle. These experimental results present perspectives for the controllability of an ICP source using the magnetic resonance wireless power transfer and for improving the uniformity of PR etching.
Fiber metal laminate-embedded, wireless MEMS vibrometer for structural health monitoring using guided ultrasonic waves
Authors: Roloff Thomas , Niklas Haus Jan , Bornemann Sarah , Rittmeier Liv , Lüssem Björn , Dietzel Andreas , Sinapius Michael 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper describes and evaluates the embedding of sensors and electronic sensor nodes into fiber metal laminate (FML) plates to achieve material-integrated, guided ultrasonic wave based structural health monitoring for hybrid materials. It evaluates how embedded electronics can enhance the process of sensor data acquisition and at the same time critically investigates the drawbacks that accompany the embedding approach regarding the influence on the received signal. A FML specimen with single sensors in one half of the plate and sensors with attached electronic sensor nodes for wireless readout in the other half is manufactured, introducing the detailed embedding process for such systems. Ultrasonic through-thickness scans of the manufactured plate are presented and analyzed to assess the achieved embedding quality. Together with electric sensor signals from both, wireless and wirebound micro-electromechanical system vibrometers and data from a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (SLDV) the influence of material-integrated components on the wave propagation around the locations of integration is discussed. Further, the signals of wirebound sensors are successfully correlated with measurements performed using the SLDV and directly compared to data provided by wirelessly readout sensor nodes having the same type of sensor attached. This work shows how reflections occurring due to a material integration of components influence the recorded sensor data. At the same time, it is discussed how, for baseline-based damage detection methods, the influence of this is assumed to be a minor problem, and proof for advantages provided by the integration of complete sensor systems directly into the host material is provided.
Novel liquid–gas phase change soft actuator for high efficiency drive and its underwater application
Authors: Chen Gang , Liu Zhen , Zhang Chao , Zeng Jinfeng , Wu Chuanyu , Hu Huosheng , Tang Shuangying 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper presents a novel spin-thermal transient heating method for liquid–gas phase change soft actuators that utilize material volume changes for actuation. Traditional heating methods require direct contact between the liquid and the heater, leading to increased voltage for vaporization. To overcome challenges associated with miniaturization and lightweighting, a new actuator monomer is designed, and a volume expansion model is established. Theoretical analysis identifies the optimal low-boiling liquid amount for various monomers. Experimental results show a 94.12% increase in heating efficiency, a 67.65% reduction in start-up response time, and a 45.46% improvement in maximum expansion compared to traditional methods. The paper also examines the effects of temperature difference and saturated vapor pressure on heating efficiency. Furthermore, it explores deformation and combination mechanisms, leading to the development of a windmill-type underwater actuator and a center of gravity adjustment device. Experimental results demonstrate a stable rotation of 30 s for the windmill actuator and a stable motion period of 15 s for the adjustment device, providing an innovative solution for efficient actuation in flexible underwater applications.
Quantum synchronization in presence of shot noise
Authors: Höhe Florian , Danner Lukas , Padurariu Ciprian , Donvil Brecht I C , Ankerhold Joachim , Kubala Björn 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Synchronization is a widespread phenomenon encountered in many natural and engineered systems with nonlinear classical dynamics. How synchronization concepts and mechanisms transfer to the quantum realm and whether features are universal or platform specific are timely questions of fundamental interest. They can be studied in superconducting electrical circuits which provide a well-established platform for nonlinear quantum dynamics. Here, we consider a Josephson-photonics device, where a dc-biased Josephson junction creates (non-classical) light in a microwave cavity. The combined quantum compound constitutes a self-sustained oscillator: a system susceptible to synchronization. This is due to the inherent effect of an in-series resistance, which realizes an autonomous feedback mechanism of the charge transport on the driving voltage. Accounting for the full counting statistics of transported charge not only yields phase diffusion, but allows us to describe phase locking to an ac-signal and the mutual synchronization of two such devices. Thereby one can observe phase stabilization leading to a sharp emission spectrum as well as unique charge transport statistics revealing shot noise induced phase slips. Two-time perturbation theory is used to obtain a reduced description of the oscillators phase dynamics in form of a Fokker–Planck equation in generalization of classical synchronization theories.
Spontaneous demixing in binary cell mixtures with polar alignment
Authors: Zhu Wei-jing , Li Jia-jian , Ai Bao-quan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The demixing of embryonic cell populations plays a crucial role in developing organisms. This process facilitates the compartmentalization of various cell types, allowing for specialized functions and tissue development. We examine if orientation coupling alone is sufficient to induce demixing in a binary cell mixture. To address this question, we utilized the self-propelled Voronoi model to investigate the demixing behavior of binary cells with different chirality in the presence of polar alignment. There exists an optimal value of chirality or polar alignment at which cells undergo robust demixing. Furthermore, our research reveals that a particular interplay between the self-propelled velocity and the shape index can aid in the process of cell demixing. Notably, an increase in self-propelled velocity corresponds to a decrease in the shape index value required for effective cell demixing. The ability to manipulate cell demixing through orientation coupling could offer new strategies for engineering tissue structures or controlling cell demixing in regenerative medicine and synthetic biology.
Wave manipulation of a coupling pendulum metamaterial by parametric excitation
Authors: Yang Leiyu , Miao Huan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The use of mechanical metamaterials for the purpose of controlling wave propagation is made possible by their flexibility and adjustability. In this paper, a one-dimensional metamaterial composed of compound pendulums and inverted pendulums with high-frequency parametric excitation is proposed. The pendulum system can be equivalent to a nonlocal metamaterial and effective mass and effective stiffness can be obtained. The high-frequency parametric excitation provides an equivalent additional stiffness. This additional stiffness can provide an antigravity effect to the inverted pendulum. It makes the inverted pendulum into a stable system. The stability, bandgap structure and wave velocity can be manipulated by adjusting the frequency of the parametric excitation. And a zero-frequency bandgap can be obtained. Moreover, the pendulum system is capable of splitting a wavepacket into two distinct wavepackets within the dual wavevector region. The theoretical results are corroborated by the finite element numerical method. Due to the presence of parametric excitation, the proposed model is more tuneable than conventional metamaterials. This study has the potential to establish a novel approach for the control of ultra-low frequency vibration. The wave splitting phenomenon has the capacity to provide a theoretical foundation for the design of wave separator. It is anticipated that the findings will also furnish novel insights for the design of other devices that control wave propagation.