bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of a novel metabolic engineering target for carotenoid production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae via ethanol-induced adaptive laboratory evolution
Authors: Su Buli , Li Anzhang , Deng Ming-Rong , Zhu Honghui 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCarotenoids are a large family of health-beneficial compounds that have been widely used in the food and nutraceutical industries. There have been extensive studies to engineer Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the production of carotenoids, which already gained high level. However, it was difficult to discover new targets that were relevant to the accumulation of carotenoids. Herein, a new, ethanol-induced adaptive laboratory evolution was applied to boost carotenoid accumulation in a carotenoid producer BL03-D-4, subsequently, an evolved strain M3 was obtained with a 5.1-fold increase in carotenoid yield. Through whole-genome resequencing and reverse engineering, loss-of-function mutation of phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1) was revealed as the major cause of increased carotenoid yield. Transcriptome analysis was conducted to reveal the potential mechanisms for improved yield, and strengthening of gluconeogenesis and downregulation of cell wall-related genes were observed in M3. This study provided a classic case where the appropriate selective pressure could be employed to improve carotenoid yield using adaptive evolution and elucidated the causal mutation of evolved strain.
A comparative analysis of the nervous system of cheilostome bryozoans
Authors: Prömer Jakob , Sombke Andy , Schwaha Thomas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundBryozoans are sessile aquatic suspension feeders in mainly marine, but also freshwater habitats. Most species belong to the marine and calcified Cheilostomata. Since this taxon remains mostly unstudied regarding its neuroanatomy, the focus of this study is on the characterization and ground pattern reconstruction of the autozooidal nervous system based on six representatives.ResultsA common neuronal innervation pattern is present in the investigated species: a cerebral ganglion is located at the base of the lophophore, from where neurite bundles embrace the mouth opening to form a circumoral nerve ring. Four neurite bundles project from the cerebral ganglion to innervate peripheral areas, such as the body wall and parietal muscles via the tentacle sheath. Five neurite bundles comprise the main innervation of the visceral tract. Four neurite bundles innervate each tentacle via the circumoral nerve ring. Mediofrontal tentacle neurite bundles emerge directly from the nerve ring. Two laterofrontal- and one abfrontal tentacle neurite bundles emanate from radial neurite bundles, which originate from the cerebral ganglion and circumoral nerve ring in between two adjacent tentacles. The radial neurite bundles terminate in intertentacular pits and give rise to one abfrontal neurite bundle at the oral side and two abfrontal neurite bundles at the anal side. Similar patterns are described in ctenostome bryozoans.ConclusionsThe present results thus represent the gymnolaemate situation. Innervation of the tentacle sheath and visceral tract by fewer neurite bundles and tentacular innervation by four to six tentacle neurite bundles support cyclostomes as sister taxon to gymnolaemates. Phylactolaemates feature fewer distinct neurite bundles in visceral- and tentacle sheath innervation, which always split in nervous plexus, and their tentacles have six neurite bundles. Thus, this study supports phylactolaemates as sistergroup to myolaemates.
Complicated embolisation of late endoleak via direct sac puncture: not all endoleaks are a type II endoleak
Authors: Drahman Aizat , De Boo Diederick Willem , Springthorpe Barry , Deshpande Arvind 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Endoleaks after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) occur frequently with type 2 being the most common. Treatment of type 2 endoleaks is indicated if the aneurysmal sac increases in size.

Case report
In this case report, we will discuss a patient who presented with aneurysmal sac size increase 11 years after undergoing EVAR for an asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysm which extended into the iliac arteries. Multi-phase CT demonstrated an endoleak with features commonly seen in type 2 endoleaks; pooling of contrast near a lumbar artery orifice on the angiographic phase which increases during the delayed phase. Both internal iliac arteries were sacrificed during the initial EVAR. Percutaneous direct sac puncture was therefor performed and angiogram during the procedure revealed no feeding or draining lumbar arteries. During attempts to embolize the perfused part of the aneurysmal sac non-target embolization into the main body of the graft occurred and the presence of type 3b endoleak was confirmed. The non-target embolization did not result in permanent sequelae.

Conclusions
Type 3b endoleaks are rare and can mimic type 2 endoleaks, which can cause serious complications if not identified properly. Rapid increase in aneurysmal sac size is uncommonly seen in type 2 endoleaks and if present needs to trigger further diagnostic investigations.
Multilocus phylogenies reveal three new truffle-like taxa and the traces of interspecific hybridization in Octaviania (Boletaceae, Boletales)
Authors: Orihara Takamichi , Healy Rosanne , Corrales Adriana , Smith Matthew E. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTAmong many convergently evolved sequestrate fungal genera in Boletaceae (Boletales, Basidiomycota), the genus Octaviania is the most diverse. We recently collected many specimens of Octaviania subg. Octaviania, including several undescribed taxa, from Japan and the Americas. Here we describe two new species in subgenus Octaviania, O. tenuipes and O. tomentosa, from temperate to subtropical evergreen Fagaceae forests in Japan based on morphological observation and robust multilocus phylogenetic analyses (nrDNA ITS and partial large subunit [LSU], translation elongation factor 1-α gene [TEF1] and the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II gene [RPB1]). Based on specimens from the Americas as well as studies of the holotype, we also taxonomically re-evaluate O. asterosperma var. potteri. Our analysis suggests that O. asterosperma var. potteri is a distinct taxon within the subgenus Octaviania so we recognize this as O. potteri stat. nov. We unexpectedly collected O. potteri specimens from geographically widespread sites in the USA, Japan and Colombia. This is the first verified report of Octaviania from the South American continent. Our molecular analyses also revealed that the RPB1 sequence of one O. tenuipes specimen was identical to that of a closely related species, O. japonimontana, and that one O. potteri specimen from Minnesota had an RPB1 sequence of an unknown species of O. subg. Octaviania. Additionally, one O. japonimontana specimen had an unusually divergent TEF1 sequence. Gene-tree comparison and phylogenetic network analysis of the multilocus dataset suggest that these heterogenous sequences are most likely the result of previous inter- and intra-specific hybridization. We hypothesize that frequent hybridization events in Octaviania may have promoted the high genetic and species diversity found within the genus.
A comprehensive review on global contributions and recognition of pharmacy professionals amidst COVID-19 pandemic: moving from present to future
Authors: Sami Saad Ahmed , Marma Kay Kay Shain , Chakraborty Agnila , Singha Tandra , Rakib Ahmed , Uddin Md. Giash , Hossain Mohammed Kamrul , Uddin S. M. Naim 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
COVID-19, a respiratory tract infection caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a burning question worldwide as it gives rise to a pandemic situation. No specific medications are still recommended for COVID-19; however, healthcare support is crucial for ameliorating the disease condition. Pharmacists are the frontline fighters who are responsible for providing healthcare support to the COVID-19 infected patients around the world. This review endeavored to briefly rationalize the contributions of several pharmacy professionals in diverse fields along with their collaborative efforts and dedication regarding their limitations during the COVID-19 situation and view the prospects of pharmaceutical care services in the post-pandemic period.

Main body of the abstract
Online databases were utilized to search for scholarly articles and organizational websites, to sum up the information about the contemporary and expanded role of pharmacists. Key articles were retrieved from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct databases using terms: “COVID-19,” “novel coronavirus,” “community,” “industrial,” “hospital,” “clinical,” “recognition,” “obstacles,” “collaboration,” “SARS-CoV-2,” “healthcare,” and “outbreak” in combination with “pharmacist.” The articles were included from the inception of the pandemic to January 25, 2021. The current review found pharmacist’s global contributions and involvements with other professionals to provide healthcare services amidst COVID-19. This included testing of suspects, providing medical information, psycho-social support, debunking myths, mitigating drug shortage events, telemedicine, e-prescription, infection control, and controlling the drug supply chain. In many countries, pharmacists’ activities were much appreciated but in some countries, they were not properly acknowledged for their contributions amidst COVID-19 outbreak. They played additional roles such as participating in the antimicrobial stewardship team, improving value-added services, conducting clinical data analysis to suppress the outspread of the SARS-CoV-2.

Short conclusion
During the COVID-19 pandemic while the whole world is fighting against an invisible virus, the pharmacists are the earnest hero to serve their responsibilities along with additional activities. They need to be prepared and collaborate with other healthcare professionals further to meet the challenges of post-pandemic circumstances.
Racial Capitalism and the Informatics of Value
Authors: Franklin Seb 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article takes the presentation of mechanical and informatic models in Samuel Delany's Neveryóna as an occasion to examine the relations of force, abstraction, information, and differential valuation that constitute racial capitalism. In order to do this, the article considers the continuities and divergences between the principles those models demonstrate, the lessons on value and economic determination that precede them, and Delany's subsequent presentation of surplus populations, intricated “free” and slave labor, and the modes of racialized differentiation that shape and are shaped in the interstices of those social formations. In Delany's sword-and-sorcery bildungsroman, the models illustrate the abstract logic of value, show that logic to be informatic in character, and point toward a dialectical relationship between this informatic logic and the concrete practices of dispossession that produce and operate through ascriptive race and gender regimes. Value's abstract operations are too often understood to be incommensurable with such regimes, yet Delany's presentation deploys the language and processes associated with informatics to reveal an essential relationship between the abstract network that results from value's mediating function and the modes of ascription and concrete violence that, as a result of such mediation, tend to be associated with precapitalist or noncapitalist social formations.
Facilitating Reading Engagement in Shared Reading
Authors: Steenberg Mette , Christiansen Charlotte , Dalsgård Anne Line , Stagis Anne Maria , Ahlgren Liv Moeslund , Nielsen Tine Lykkegaard , Ladegaard Nicolai 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article responds to this special issue's overarching interest in the relation between modes of reading and the experiences of actual readers by analyzing how the specific practice of shared reading facilitates readers’ engagement in literary reading. The article responds both to an under-investigated dimension of the practice of shared reading, that of the role of facilitation, and to a pressing articulated and educational need to develop additional and better methodologies for fostering literary reading engagement, as existing results from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation's Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) have demonstrated the importance of reading engagement for both academic achievement and social mobility. By linking the notion of engagement within the PISA framework with phenomenologically oriented empirical research on expressive reading and the notion of emergent thinking in existing shared reading research, the article argues for the role of the reader leader in facilitating literary engagement. These connections may inspire literary scholars to consider the link between literary analysis and the didactics of literary reading.
Mitochondrial function in development and disease
Authors: Rossmann Marlies P. , Dubois Sonia M. , Agarwal Suneet , Zon Leonard I. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTMitochondria are organelles with vital functions in almost all eukaryotic cells. Often described as the cellular ‘powerhouses’ due to their essential role in aerobic oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondria perform many other essential functions beyond energy production. As signaling organelles, mitochondria communicate with the nucleus and other organelles to help maintain cellular homeostasis, allow cellular adaptation to diverse stresses, and help steer cell fate decisions during development. Mitochondria have taken center stage in the research of normal and pathological processes, including normal tissue homeostasis and metabolism, neurodegeneration, immunity and infectious diseases. The central role that mitochondria assume within cells is evidenced by the broad impact of mitochondrial diseases, caused by defects in either mitochondrial or nuclear genes encoding for mitochondrial proteins, on different organ systems. In this Review, we will provide the reader with a foundation of the mitochondrial ‘hardware’, the mitochondrion itself, with its specific dynamics, quality control mechanisms and cross-organelle communication, including its roles as a driver of an innate immune response, all with a focus on development, disease and aging. We will further discuss how mitochondrial DNA is inherited, how its mutation affects cell and organismal fitness, and current therapeutic approaches for mitochondrial diseases in both model organisms and humans.
EMG Signals Can Reveal Information Sharing between Consecutive Pedal Cycles
Authors: PRATT JAYLENE S. , ROSS STEPHANIE A. , WAKELING JAMES M. , HODSON-TOLE EMMA F. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Producing a steady cadence and power while cycling results in fairly consistent average pedal forces for every revolution, although small fluctuations about an average force do occur. This force can be generated by several combinations of muscles, each with slight fluctuations in excitation for every pedal cycle. Fluctuations such as these are commonly thought of as random variation about average values. However, research into fluctuations of stride length and stride time during walking shows information can be contained in the order of fluctuations. This order, or structure, is thought to reveal underlying motor control strategies. Previously, we found persistent structure in the fluctuations of EMG signals during cycling using entropic half-life analysis. These EMG signals contained fluctuations across multiple timescales, such as those within a burst of excitation, between the burst and quiescent period of a cycle, and across multiple cycles. It was not clear which sources of variation contributed to the persistent structure in the EMG.

Methods
In this study, we manipulated variation at different timescales in EMG intensity signals to identify the sources of structure observed during cycling. Nine participants cycled at a constant power and cadence for 30 min while EMG was collected from six muscles of the leg.

Results
We found persistent structure across multiple pedal cycles of average EMG intensities, as well as average pedal forces and durations. In addition, we found the entropic half-life did not quantify fluctuations within a burst of EMG intensity; instead, it detected unstructured variation between the burst and quiescent period within a cycle.

Conclusions
The persistent structure in average EMG intensities suggests that fluctuations in muscle excitation are regulated from cycle to cycle.
Downhill Running Decreases the Acetylation of Tubulins and Impairs Autophagosome Degradation in Rat Skeletal Muscle
Authors: WANG ZHEN , NIU YANLONG , LEI BINGKAI , YU LIANG , KE ZHIFEI , CAO CHUNXIA , WANG RUIYUAN , LI JUNPING 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study was designed to probe the effect of downhill running on microtubule acetylation and autophagic flux in rat skeletal muscle.

Methods
Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to an exercise protocol of a 90-min downhill run with a slope of −16° and a speed of 16 m·min−1, and then the soleus was sampled at 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after exercise. Protein expression levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), p62/sequestosome 1 (p62), α-tubulin, and acetylated α-tubulin (AcK40 α-tubulin) were detected by Western blotting. Alpha-tubulin was costained with AcK40 α-tubulin or cytoplasmic dynein intermediate chain in a single muscle fiber, and LC3 was costained with lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 in cryosections. To assess autophagic flux in vivo, colchicine or vehicle was injected intraperitoneally 3 d before the exercise experiment, and the protein levels of LC3 and p62 were measured by Western blotting.

Results
Downhill running induced a significant increase in the protein levels of LC3-II and p62, whereas the level and proportion of AcK40 α-tubulin were markedly decreased. Furthermore, the amount of dynein on α-tubulin was decreased after downhill running, and autophagosomes accumulated in the middle of myofibrils. Importantly, LC3-II flux was decreased after downhill running compared with that in the control group.

Conclusions
A bout of downhill running decreases microtubule acetylation, which may impair dynein recruitment and autophagosome transportation, causing blocked autophagic flux.
High false-negative rate of the anterior spinal artery by intercostobronchial trunk arteriography alone compared to CT during arteriography
Authors: Kodama Yoshihisa , Sakurai Yasuo , Yamasaki Koji , Yokoo Keiki 
Published: June 2021

Objectives
This study aimed to assess the frequencies of the anterior spinal arteries identified by CT during arteriography (CTA) and arteriography alone.

Methods
This retrospective study included 137 vessels in 83 patients who performed both bronchial arteriography and CTA and categorized them into three groups based on the catheter tip locations: intercostobronchial trunk (ICBT), bronchial artery (BA), and intercostal artery (ICA). The frequencies of anterior spinal artery identified by CTA and arteriography alone were compared for each group.

Results
ICBT, BA, and ICA groups were evaluated by CTA in 46, 79, and 12 vessels, respectively. By CTA evaluation, anterior spinal artery was identified in seven vessels (15.2%) in ICBT group, 0 in BA group and two (16.7%) in ICA group. The frequencies of anterior spinal artery were significantly higher (p &lt; 0.05) in ICBT and ICA groups than in BA group. By arteriography evaluation alone, a faint anterior spinal artery was identified in two vessels (4.3%) in ICBT group, 0 in BA group, and 1 (8.3%) in ICA group.

Conclusions
Anterior spinal artery branched only from the ICBT or ICA and not from the BA in both arteriography and CTA assessments. There was high false-negative rate (71%) of the anterior spinal artery by ICBT arteriography alone assessment compared to CTA assessment. This result explains one of the reasons that spinal ischemia occurs in arteriography-negative spinal artery cases.

Advances in knowledge
False-negative rate of anterior spinal artery was 71% (5/7) by intercostobronchial trunk arteriography alone assessment.
Operation and calibration of the novel PTW 1600SRS detector for the verification of single isocenter stereotactic radiosurgery treatments of multiple small brain metastases
Authors: Decabooter Esther , Swinnen Ans CC , Öllers Michel C , Göpfert Fabian , Verhaegen Frank 
Published: June 2021

Objectives:
The aim of this work was to evaluate the operation of the 1600SRS detector and to develop a calibration procedure for verifying the dose delivered by a single isocenter stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) treatment of small multiple brain metastases (BM).

Methods:
14 clinical treatment cases were selected with the number of BM ranging from 2 to 11. The dosimetric agreement was investigated between the calculated and the measured dose by an OCTAVIUS 1600SRS array detector in an OCTAVIUS 4D phantom equipped with dedicated SRS top. The cross-calibration procedure deviated from the manufacturer’s as it applied field sizes and dose rates corresponding to the volumetric modulated arc therapy segments in each plan.

Results:
Measurements with a plan specific cross-calibration showed mean ± standard deviation (SD) agreement scores for cut-off values 50%, 80%, 95%, of 98.6 ± 1.7%, 96.5 ± 4.6%, 97.3 ± 4.4% for the 6 MV plans respectively, and 98.6 ± 1.5%, 96.6 ± 4.0% 96.4 ± 6.3%, for the 6 MV flattening filter free (FFF) plans respectively. Using the default calibration procedure instead of the plan specific calibration could lead to a combined systematic dose offset of 4.1% for our treatment plans.

Conclusion:
The 1600SRS detector array with the 4D phantom offers an accurate solution to perform routine quality assurance measurements of single isocenter SRS treatments of multiple BM. This work points out the necessity of an adapted cross-calibration procedure.

Advances in knowledge:
A dedicated calibration procedure enables accurate dosimetry with the 1600SRS detector for small field single isocenter SRS treatment of multiple brain metastases for a large amount of BM.
Sociocultural Factors Affecting the Development of Speech in Russian of Students in Grades 5–7th of Schools of Indigenous Small Peoples of the North
Authors: Popova M. 
Published: June 2021

The article examines the socio-cultural factors that influence the communicative development of students in grades 5-7 of schools of indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).
In the places of residence, the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, the population is mixed by national composition and speaks several languages. Students, in addition to Russian and foreign languages, study their native languages. Consequently, most of these students learn 2-3 languages at school. The language of interethnic communication is more often Russian, but in some settlements this function of the language is also performed by the Yakut language.
Therefore, one of the necessary conditions for the formation of the Russian civil identity in such conditions is the communicative development of students-representatives of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North in Russian.
Positive and Negative Affects in Horse-assisted Coachings
Authors: Schütz Kathrin , Schmitz Josanne 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe present study examines whether horses can be implemented in coaching in order to change individuals’ positive and negative affects. To this end, an experimental group (n = 46) received a horse-assisted coaching, whereas the control group (n = 46) did not receive any coaching. The short-time intervention consisted of one coaching session with a horse for a duration of two hours. Positive and negative affects were measured with the PANAS (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule) in both groups using a pre-post-test-design. Results reveal that the level of positive affects increased, and the level of negative affects decreased significantly in the intervention group when compared to the control group. This outcome suggests the possibility of improving emotions and states of mood in humans through horse-assisted coaching.