bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observation of Spin-Glass Behavior in Spinel Compound CoGa2O4
Authors: Hu Jiyu , Ma Yongqing , Kan Xucai , Liu Chaocheng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this work, the synthesis process, crystal-structure, and comprehensive physical properties of spinel compound CoGa2O4 have been investigated. The competition between antiferromagnetism (AFM) and ferromagnetism (FM) are considered to be the crucial elements for resulting in spin-glass (SG) behavior due to magnetic frustration. The observed SG behavior is determined by the temperature dependence of magnetization M(T) curves under the ZFC (zero-field-cooled) and FCC (field-cooled) processes, where form the intense irreversibility divergence. Moreover, the corresponding fitting parameters (the freezing temperature T0 = 9.32 K, the flipping time τ0 = 4.49 × 10-10 s, and the dynamical exponent zν = 4.46) strongly indicate the existence of the SG behavior. Meanwhile, as another specific characteristic for SG, in our present work, frequency (f) and magnetic field (H) have a strong influence on the peaks of AC susceptibility. From where, with the increase of f and H, the freezing temperature follows a corresponding peak shift. All the above phenomena and relevant analyses of magnetic frustration behavior confirm the typical SG behavior in CoGa2O4 system.
Intracranial Hypotension After Severe Covid-19. Case Report and Literature Review.
Authors: Foyaca-Sibat Humberto , Valdés Lourdes de Fátima Ibañez 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Despite the lack of clinical research done, new mutations of COVID-19 are travelling all over the world, and sooner or later, unexpected consequences going to be seen. In October 2020 new variant of SARV-CoV-2 (known as 20H/501.V2 or B1.351) has been found in our province (Eastern Cape), South Africa. This variant has multiple mutations in the spike protein, including K417N, E484K, N501Y. We did an extensive review of the medical literature (It is not a systematic review), looking for all publications regarding spontaneous intracranial hypotension, subdural effusions SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. Case Presentation: We also report a case of 46-years-old-female admitted severe COVID-19 in the intensive care unit; all performed investigations confirmed the severity of the infection caused by SARS-CoV-2. Past medical history proved a chronic headache, standard routine CSF analysis, and normal MRI of the brain three months before admission.The patient recovered from the respiratory pathology and went home, but two weeks later, she developed a postural headache. We suspect spontaneous intracranial hypotension, and the CSF pressure (5.5 cm of H2O) confirmed it. CT scan of the head showed bilateral frontal subdural effusion. Conclusion: We did not find any published report related to COVID-19, subdural effusion, and intracranial hypotension. We elaborated a few comments and hypotheses to explain this process’s probable pathophysiology.
Long Noncoding RNA SNHG1 Promotes TERT Expression by Sponging miR-18b-5p in Breast Cancer
Authors: Kang Yujuan , Wan Lin , Wang Qin , Yin Yanling , Liu Jiena , Liu Lei , Wu Hao , Xu Shouping , Pang Da 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) plays a positive role in the progression of human malignant tumors. However, the molecular mechanism of SNHG1 remains elusive in breast cancer. Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas data were used to examine the differential expression of SNHG1 in tumor and normal tissues, as well as the relationship between SNHG1 expression and prognosis. Oncogenic role of SNHG1 in breast cancer was studied both in vitro and in vivo. Animal experiments along with colony counting kit-8, colony formation, wound healing, and Transwell invasion assays were used to verify that SNHG1 was an oncogene in breast cancer. Furthermore, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blotting analysis, subcellular RNA fractionation, and dual-luciferase reporter assay were performed to prove the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism of SNHG1, miR-18b-5p, and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT). Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation was performed to confirm that the transcription factor E2F1 could enhance SNHG1 transcription.Results: LncRNA SNHG1 was upregulated and had a positive relationship with poor prognosis according to bioinformatics analysis. Silencing SNHG1 inhibited tumorigenesis in breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, SNHG1 functioned as a ceRNA to promote TERT expression by sponging miR-18b-5p. Moreover, miR-18b-5p acted as a tumor repressor in breast cancer. Finally, E2F1, a transcription factor, enhanced SNHG1 transcription.Conclusions: Our results provide a comprehensive understanding of the oncogenic mechanism of lncRNA SNHG1 in breast cancer. Importantly, we identified a novel E2F1–SNHG1–miR-18b-5p–TERT axis, which may be a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer.
A Novel Anatomical Locking Guide Plate in Treating Acetabular Transverse Posterior Wall Fracture: A Finite Element Analysis Study
Authors: Li Ming , Deng Junhao , Li Jiantao , Li Zhirui , Zhang Hao , Zhao Yanpeng , Zhang Licheng , Tang Peifu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The acetabular transverse posterior wall fracture (ATPWF) is a classic type of associated acetabular fracture with an increasing prevalence worldwide. The optimal treatment for this complex facture remains a formidable challenge in orthopedics trauma. Our self-designed locking plate used to show a promising potential in treating acetabular fracture, but no direct comparison between our novel plate with traditional fixations are available.Materials and methods: The ATPWF model was constructed by the Mimics software using the volunteer’s cloud point data, and three internal devices were used to fix this model: the posterior-column locking plate with acterior-column screws (PCLP), double-column locking plates (DCLP), and the novel anatomical locking guidance plate (NALGP) with anterior-column screws and Magic screws. Then series of increasing downward vertical force (200N, 400N, and 600N) were loaded on above models. The stress distribution and peaks, and maximum displacements at two sites were assessed via a finite element analysis.Results: We found that the major stress concentrated on the middle and lower sections of the posterior plate and lag screws in all three groups after the fixation on the ATPWF. And the NAGLP with its screws stood the bigger stress under all loading force when compared with other two groups. Then the maximum displacement of three groups were evaluated, and NAGLP group were found to have less fracture fragment displacements than PCLP and comparable results to DCLP at both sites.Conclusion: Though our newly-designed plate with its screws showed larger stresses after fixation on the ATPWF, it also showed superiorities on the fracture stabilization over PCLP and comparable stability to DCLP, which might make the DCLP unnecessary for the treatment of ATPWF since DCLP would undoubtedly result in bigger surgical trauma and blood loss.
Interaction Between lncRNA SEMA3B-AS1 and CDK4 Mediated by mir-545 Regulates the Proliferation of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Sun Hao , Huo Hongjun , Hao Xiaoyan , Li Juanyun , Yuan Zishan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAlthought lncRNA SEMA3B-AS1 was known to be involved in the development of many types of cancer, the role of SEMA3B-AS1 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains unknown. This study was to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of SEMA3B-AS1 in TNBC.The mRNA expression of SEMA3B-AS1, miR-545 and CDK4 in TNBC tissues and non-cancer tissues of TNBC patients (n = 69) was detected by RT-qPCR. The protein expression of CDK4 was detected by Western blot. Cell proliferation were evaluated by CCK-8 assay.ResultsWe found that the expression of SEMA3B-AS1 was downregulated in TNBC tissues. The expression of SEMA3B-AS1 was positively correlated with the expression of miR-545 and inversely correlated with the expression of CDK4. Overexpression of SEMA3B-AS1 or miR-545 resulted in the downregulation of CDK4. Moreover, miR-545 inhibitor attenuated the effect of SEMA3B-AS1 overexpression on CDK4 expression. SEMA3B-AS1 overexpression also resulted in the upregulation of miR-545. Overexpression of SEMA3B-AS1 or miR-545 decreased the rate of TNBC cell proliferation, while overexpression of CDK4 increased the rate of TNBC cell proliferation. In addition, miR-545 inhibitor attenuated the effect of SEMA3B-AS1 overexpression on cell proliferation.Interaction between SEMA3B-AS1 and CDK4 mediated by miR-545 regulates the proliferation of TNBC cells.
Context-aware Heatstroke Relief Station Placement and Route Optimization for Large Outdoor Events
Authors: Wu Yan , Xia Tianqi , Jatowt Adam , Zhang Haoran , Feng Xiao , Shibasaki Ryosuke , Kim Kyoung-Sook 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Heatstroke is becoming an increasingly serious threat to outdoor activities, especially, at the time of large events organized during summer, including Olympic Games or various types of happenings in amusement parks like Disneyland or other popular venues. The risk of heatstroke is naturally affected by a high temperature, but it is also dependent on various other contextual factors such as the presence of shaded areas along traveling routes or the distribution of relief stations. This study proposes a framework to evaluate the heatstroke risk in geographical areas by utilizing context-aware indicators which are determined by large and heterogeneous data including facilities, road networks and street view images. Based on the evaluation metric of the total heatstroke risk in the target area, we propose a Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming model for optimizing routes of pedestrians, determining the location of relief stations and the supply volume in each relief station. Our experiments conducted on the planned site of the Tokyo Olympics and simulated during the two weeks of the Olympics schedule indicate that planning routes and setting relief stations with our proposed optimization model could effectively reduce heatstroke risk, thus letting organizers better prepare for the event.
Usefulness of 3D-printed Coplanar Puncture Template Assisted CT- guided Percutaneous Core Needle Biopsy of Small (≤20mm) Pulmonary Nodules: 3 Years of Experience
Authors: Wang Hansheng , Chen Xiao , Ren Tao , Chen Peipei , Luo Guoshi , Wang Xiao , Wei Na , Tang Yijun , Wang Meifang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background and Objective: Computed tomography guided percutaneous lung biopsy is a commonly used method for clarifying the nature of pulmonary nodules. However, due to the existence of breathing movement, the lungs have greater mobility, and biopsy of small pulmonary nodules is difficult. In recent years, 3D-printed coplanar templates are gradually used in percutaneous biopsy of small pulmonary nodules. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the application value of 3D-printed coplanar puncture template assisted computed tomography guided percutaneous core needle biopsy of small (≤20mm) pulmonary nodules. Method: From January 2018 to January 2021 in Taihe Hospital, 210 hospitalized patients with pulmonary nodules underwent percutaneous core needle biopsy for histopathology/cytopathology diagnosis and were included in the study. All patients were randomly allocated into two groups, patients in Free-hand group underwent percutaneous core needle biopsy without 3D-printed coplanar templates, and patients in 3D-PCT group underwent percutaneous core needle biopsy with 3D-printed coplanar templates. The number of needle adjustments, number of CT scans, surgical time-consuming, diagnostic accuracy, and incidence of complications were recorded and compared between the two groups. Rapid on site evaluation was routinely used for guiding specimens’ triage. Approval for this trial was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Taihe hospital. Result: The number of needle adjustments (1.41±0.63 vs. 2.23±0.85), the number of CT scans (3.63±0.73 vs. 4.25±0.81) and the incidence of pneumothorax (9.6% vs. 21.1%) during the procedure were significantly lower in the observation group than the control group (P< 0.05), whereas there were no significant differences in the diagnostic accuracy (95.2% vs. 94.3%) and incidence of pulmonary hemorrhage (65.4% vs. 62.3%) between the two groups (P> 0.05), however, the surgical time-consuming in 3D-PCT group is significantly more than Free-hand group.Conclusions: These findings indicated that the 3D-printed coplanar puncture template combined with CT guided percutaneous biopsy can relatively fix the target lesion, reduce the number of needle adjustments and number of CT scans, reduce iatrogenic radiation, and reduce the incidence of complications, especially pneumothorax.
Downregulation of TMEM220 Promotes Tumor Progression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Li Ting , Guan Lei , Tang Guangbo , He Bing , Huang Lili , Wang Juan , Li Mingyue , Bai Yanxia , Li Xinyuan , Zhang Huqin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: In the process of long-term carcinogenesis, cells accumulate many mutations. Deregulated genes expression causes profound changes in cell proliferation, which is one of the hallmarks of HCC. Comprehensive understanding of these changes will contribute to the molecular mechanism of HCC progression. Methods: Western blot and real-time PCR analyses were performed to examine the TMEM220 expression in HCC. Patients’ transcript profiling was used to identify gene cohorts related to TMEM220. Reverse phase protein arrays (RPPA) were preformed to obtain expression data for TMEM220 relevant proteins. The effect of TMEM220 on tumor growth and metastasis were analyzed by in vitro and in vivo studies.Results: Through clinical sample analysis, we found that TMEM220 is downregulated in tumor and lower levels of TMEM220 is associated with poor prognosis in HCC patients. Through overexpressing TMEM220 in HCC cell lines, we found that the proliferation of cancer cells was significantly slowed down and metastasis was significantly reduced. For further study of its molecular mechanism, we performed Reverse Phase Protein Array (RPPA). The results suggest that phenotypic changes caused by TMEM220 in HCC cells might be associated with FOXO and PI3K-Akt pathways. Mechanism studies showed that overexpression of TMEM220 could regulate β-catenin and FOXO3 transcriptional activity by altering their subcellular localization, affecting the expression of downstream gene p21 and SNAIL, and ultimately reducing the progression of HCC. Conclusion: Altogether, our study proposes a working model in which upregulation of TMEM220 expression alters the genes expression involved in cell proliferation, thereby inhibiting HCC progression, which suggests that TMEM220 might serve as a clinical biomarker.
Photosynthetic linear electron flow drives CO2 assimilation in maize leaves
Authors: Shimakawa Ginga , Miyake Chikahiro 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Photosynthetic organisms commonly develop the strategy to keep the reaction centre chlorophyll of photosystem I, P700, oxidised for preventing the generation of reactive oxygen species in excess light conditions. In photosynthesis of C4 plants, CO2 concentration is kept at higher levels around ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) by the cooperation of the mesophyll and bundle sheath cells, which enables them to assimilate CO2 at higher rates and to survive under drought stress. However, the regulatory mechanism of photosynthetic electron transport for P700 oxidation is still poorly understood in C4 plants. Here we assessed gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, electrochromic shift, and near infrared absorbance in the intact leaves of NADP-malic enzyme subtype of C4 plants maize in a comparison with the C3 plant field mustard. Instead of the alternative electron sink due to photorespiration, photosynthetic linear electron flow was strongly limited between photosystems I and II dependent on the proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane (ΔpH) in response to the suppression of CO2 assimilation in maize. The increase of ΔpH for P700 oxidation was caused by the regulation of proton conductance of chloroplast ATP synthase but not by promoting cyclic electron flow, which was supported by linear relationships among CO2 assimilation rate, linear electron flow, P700 oxidation, ΔpH, and the oxidation rate of ferredoxin. At the scale of intact leaves, the ratio of PSI to PSII was estimated almost 1:1 in both C3 and C4 plants. Overall, the photosynthetic electron transport was regulated for P700 oxidation in maize through the same strategies as in C3 plants only except for the capacity of photorespiration despite the structural and metabolic differences in photosynthesis between C3 and C4 plants.
Successes, surprises and pitfalls in modular polyketide synthase engineering: generation of ring-contracted stambomycins
Authors: Su Li , Hotel Laurence , Paris Cédric , Brachmann Alexander , Piel Jörn , Jacob Christophe , Aigle Bertrand , Weissman Kira 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The modular organization of the type I polyketide synthases (PKSs) would seem propitious for rational engineering of desirable analogous. However, despite decades of efforts, such experiments remain largely inefficient. Here, we combined multiple, state-of-the-art approaches including modification of docking domains, use of modules of varying domain composition, alternative interdomain fusion sites, and targeted adaptation of key domain-domain interfaces, to reprogram the stambomycin PKS by deleting seven internal modules – the most substantial modification to an intact system reported to date. One such system produced the target 37-membered mini-stambomycin metabolites, a reduction in chain length of 14 carbons relative to the 51-membered parental compounds, but also substantial quantities of shunt metabolites released from the multienzyme subunit upstream of the newly-installed junction. Our data also provide evidence for an unprecedented off-loading mechanism of such stalled intermediates involving the C-terminal thioesterase domain acting on chains located four modules upstream. The yields of all metabolites were substantially reduced compared to the wild type compounds, likely reflecting the poor tolerance to the non-native substrates of the modules downstream of the introduced interfaces. Taken together, our data demonstrate that even ‘optimized’ PKS engineering strategies remain inadequate for efficient production of target polyketide derivatives, and highlight several areas for future investigation.
A Bioinspired Strategy for Directional Charge Propagation in Photoelectrochemical Devices Using Supramolecular Machinery
Authors: Bouwens Tessel , Bakker Tijmen , Hasenack Jenny , Dieperink Mees , Mathew Simon , Reek Joost 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Molecular photoelectrochemical (PEC) devices are hampered by electron–hole recombination after photoinduced electron transfer (PET), causing losses in power conversion efficiency (PCE). Inspired by natural photosynthesis, we demonstrate the use of molecular machinery as a strategy to inhibit recombination, through organization of molecular components and unbinding of the final electron acceptor after reduction. We show that preorganization of the macrocyclic 3-NDI-ring electron acceptor to the PSTATION dye forming the PSTATION:3-NDI-ring pseudorotaxane, enables a “ring launching” event, upon PET from PSTATION to 3-NDI-ring releasing 3-NDI-ring•−. Implementing PSTATION:3-NDI-ring into p-type dye-sensitized solar cells (p-DSSCs) revealed a fivefold increase in PCE compared to benchmark dye P1, unable to facilitate pseudorotaxane formation. This active repulsion of anionic 3-NDI-ring•− with concomitant reformation PSTATION:3-NDI-ring circumvents recombination at semiconductor–dye interface, affording a twofold enhancement in hole lifetime. We envision this concept of supramolecular-directed charge-propagation will encourage further integration of molecular machinery into PEC devices.
The squamous cell carcinoma antigen/SERPINB3 protects cervical cancer cells from chemoradiation by preventing lysoptosis
Authors: Wang Songyan , Luke Cliff , Pak Stephen , Shi Victoria , Chen LiYun , Moore Jonathan , Andress Arlise , Yi Huang , Platik Marina , Apicelli Anthony , Schwarz Julie , Grigsby Perry , Silverman Gary , Markovina Stephanie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The endogenous lysosomal cysteine protease inhibitor SERPINB3 (squamous cell carcinoma antigen 1, SCCA1) is elevated in patients with cervical cancer and other malignancies. High serum SERPINB3 is prognostic for recurrence and death following chemoradiation therapy (CRT). Cervical cancer cells genetically lacking SERPINB3 are more sensitive to ionizing radiation (IR), suggesting this protease inhibitor plays a role in therapeutic response. Here we demonstrate that SERPINB3-deficient cells have enhanced sensitivity to IR-induced cell death. Knock out of SERPINB3 sensitizes cells to a greater extent than cisplatin, the current standard of care. IR in SERPINB3 deficient cervical carcinoma cells induces cell death morphologically consistent with necrosis, with biochemical and cellular features of lysoptosis. Moreover, rescue with wild-type SERPINB3 or a reactive site loop mutant indicates that protease inhibitory activity is required to protect cervical tumor cells from radiation-induced death. These data suggest targeting of SERPINB3 and lysoptosis to treat radioresistant cervical cancers.
Insight into dynamic magnetic properties of YMnO3/FM bilayer in a time-dependent magnetic field
Authors: Chang Chun-lu , Wang Wei , Lv Dan , Liu Zhen-yu , Tian Ming 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Based on the Monte Carlo simulation, a mixed-spin (5/2, 2, 3/2) Ising model is constructed to investigate the dynamic magnetic properties of antiferromagnetic/ferromagnetic YMnO 3 /FM bilayer under the existence of a time-dependent magnetic field. The effects of exchange interaction, oscillating magnetic field as well as temperature are involved in this work. Masses of numerical results of the dynamic order parameter, susceptibility, internal energy, and blocking temperature are obtained with diverse physical parameters. Moreover, the phase diagrams and the hysteresis loops of the system are discussed in detail as well for a better understanding of the dynamic properties of the present system.