bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excess broadband noise at equal intensities in the interferometer arms
Authors: Gelikonov V.M. , Romashov V.N. , Gelikonov G.V. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We report a theoretical and experimental study of the excess photocurrent noise in the detection of low-coherence radiation caused by the beats of the random components of the optical spectrum at equal intensities in the interferometer arms. It is shown that, in this case, the spectral density of photocurrent fluctuations is

times higher than when detecting radiation without interference. This result makes it possible to clarify the value of the limiting level of the total fundamental noise of low-coherence radiation during interference. Excess noise cannot be completely subtracted in balanced detection.
Possibilities of measuring the exhaled air composition using Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Petrov D.V. , Matrosov I.I. , Kostenko M.A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A Raman spectrometer for gaseous media with a detection limit at a level of 100 ppb is developed. The results of its experimental approval on exhaled air samples from healthy people confirmed the possibility of monitoring the concentrations of a number of hydrocarbon compounds and 13CO2. The ways of further development of this analytical method are outlined.
Mass spectrometry of volatile organic compounds ionised by laser plasma radiation
Authors: Bukharina A.B. , Pento A.V. , Simanovsky Ya.O. , Nikiforov S.M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Vacuum UV radiation from laser-induced plasma is used to ionise volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by living organisms during their mass spectrometric analysis at atmospheric pressure without sample preparation. It is shown that the probability of ionisation of organic compounds with different ionisation potentials and proton affinity at atmospheric pressure in the argon flow weakly depends on the compound parameters and can be 3.6 × 10−5 – 1.4 × 10−4. The VOC spectra of mouse and human biological fluids are obtained without sample preparation at room temperature of the sample. The possibility of using the proposed method for the diagnosis of pathological changes is demonstrated.
Enhancing the time contrast and power of femtosecond laser pulses by an optical wedge with cubic nonlinearity
Authors: Khazanov E.A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A method is proposed for enhancing the time-domain contrast of femtosecond laser pulses under nonlinear pulse compression by means of spectrum broadening due to the self-phase modulation with a following reflection from chirped mirrors. The contrast increases because the radiation of the pedestal is blocked by a square screen arranged in a focal plane of a unit-magnification telescope, and the main pulse ‘bypasses’ the screen, because a wedge in front of the telescope declines the pulse to a large angle due to a cubic nonlinearity.
Spectroscopic comparison method for determining the electron temperature of high-temperature plasmas of heavy element
Authors: Shevelko A.P. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
For further development of the comparison method, the X-ray spectra of laser plasmas of light (Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti) and heavy (Mo, W) elements are studied. Plasma is produced by focusing nanosecond laser radiation (λ = 0.53 μm, E
L = 5 J, τ = 2 ns) onto massive solid targets. The spectra are recorded using two focusing crystal spectrometers in the wavelength range λ = 2 – 11 Å. A detailed analysis of H- and He-like ion spectra is performed to determine the dependence of the electron temperature (T
e = 500 – 800 eV) on the energy of laser pulses (E
L = 0.5 – 5 J). Recommendations are given for measuring T
e from the spectra of light elements with maximum accuracy. The comparison method is employed to estimate the electron temperature of the plasmas of heavy elements (Mo, W), whose X-ray spectra are complex in structure.
Theory of homotopes with applications to mutually unbiased bases, harmonic analysis on graphs, and perverse sheaves
Authors: Bondal A. I. , Zhdanovskiy I. Yu. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper is a survey of contemporary results and applications of the theory of homotopes. The notion of a well-tempered element of an associative algebra is introduced, and it is proved that the category of representations of the homotope constructed by a well-tempered element is the heart of a suitably glued-structure. The Hochschild and global dimensions of homotopes are calculated in the case of well-tempered elements. The homotopes constructed from generalized Laplace operators in Poincaré groupoids of graphs are studied. It is shown that they are quotients of Temperley–Lieb algebras of general graphs. The perverse sheaves on a punctured disc and on a 2-dimensional sphere with a double point are identified with representations of suitable homotopes. Relations of the theory to orthogonal decompositions of the Lie algebrasinto a sum of Cartan subalgebras, to classifications of configurations of lines, to mutually unbiased bases, to quantum protocols, and to generalized Hadamard matrices are discussed.Bibliography: 56 titles.
Anaerobic gut fungi are an untapped reservoir of natural products
Authors: Swift Candice L. , Louie Katherine B. , Bowen Benjamin P. , Olson Heather M. , Purvine Samuel O. , Salamov Asaf , Mondo Stephen J. , Solomon Kevin V. , Wright Aaron T. , Northen Trent R. , Grigoriev Igor V. , Keller Nancy P. , O’Malley Michelle A. 
Published: April 2021

Significance
Anaerobic gut fungi are important members of the gut microbiome of herbivores, yet they exist in small numbers relative to bacteria. Here, we show that these early-branching fungi produce a wealth of secondary metabolites (natural products) that may act to regulate the gut microbiome. We use an integrated 'omics'-based approach to classify the biosynthetic genes predicted from fungal genomes, determine transcriptionally active genes, and verify the presence of their enzymatic products. Our analysis reveals that anaerobic gut fungi are an untapped reservoir of bioactive compounds that could be harnessed for biotechnology.
Claviceps sorghi (sorghum ergot).
Authors:   USA, USDA-ARS
Published: April 2021

Abstract

C. sorghi is a pathogen of Sorghum bicolor found only in India and Southeast Asia. The more widespread Claviceps africana is predominant even in India; C. sorghi appears to be marginalized in its restricted range. A significant difference in invasiveness is the relative production of inoculum that spreads plant-to-plant. C. sorghi produces few to no secondary conidia from macroconidia on infected florets, whereas C. africana produces large numbers of these airborne propagules. The macroconidia of C. sorghi may themselves be transported in honeydew by wind, rain-splash, insects or direct contact between plants, but these are more limited means. Fungal sclerotia and/or the sphacelia state may be carried among harvested seed, but the seed lots can be cleaned or treated with fungicides (Bandyopadhyay et al., 1996). Alternative hosts are pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), wild and weedy relatives of S. bicolor, and wild grasses.
Bemisia tabaci (MEAM1) (silverleaf whitefly).
Authors: Cuthbertson Andrew 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The exact origin of the MEAM1 species of Bemisia tabaci, and the reasons why it became such an important pest are still not fully known. MEAM1 was first identified in the mid 1980s when it invaded the southern states of North America. Vast numbers of whiteflies were found to be infesting winter vegetable crops and consequently caused an estimated $500 million loss to the 1991 winter harvest in California. Investigations led to the assumption that the B biotype had spread to the USA on ornamental plants that were being transported around the world. Species such as poinsettia and gerbera were highlighted as probable hosts. During the 1990s MEAM1 was reported on every continent. Biological traits of MEAM1 implied that it had evolved within intensive agricultural regions with exposure to pesticides and modern cultural practices. These included an ability to feed and develop on a wide range of plant and crop species, a high level of fecundity and a predisposition to develop resistance to a wide range of pesticides. MEAM1 is also an effective vector of many different plant viruses which, in conjunction with its high level of polyphagy, make it extremely problematic within agricultural regions where crops may be susceptible to viruses acquired from indigenous plants. Despite B. tabaci being a tropical/sub-tropical whitefly species, MEAM1 is often transported on plant species to temperate regions of the world. Within these cooler regions, MEAM1 can survive within a protected environment and could feasibly spread virus diseases to new locations. It is for this reason that B. tabaci and members of its species complex, including MEAM1, are on EPPO A2 Alert list.
Hibiscus tiliaceus (coast cottonwood).
Authors: Pasiecznik Nick 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

H. tiliaceus is a medium-sized tree, normally 8-12 m tall (maximum 20 m) and stem to 50 cm dbh, with a dense crown and spreading branches. The bark is grey, smooth on young trees with brown, horizontally elongated lenticels; hard and thick with black, vertical fissures on larger trees. It has mucilaginous sap. The original natural distribution is obscure, but H. tiliaceus is now widely distributed in the sub-humid and humid tropics. It grows on coastal foreshores on sand or rock, behind mangrove communities that border brackish swamp forest and littoral subtropical rainforest on alluvial flats near the sea. It is infrequent on atolls. The timber is very fine and smooth, easy to work and takes a good polish. The leaves, bark and sap are used medicinally: leaves are wrapped around bone fractures; and fluid from young stems is used as an antiseptic for skin eruptions. The roots, flowers and young leaves are edible. The inner bark is used for its fibre to make twine, cordage for ropes, nets, basketware, fishing line and making skirts for ceremonial occasions. The bushy habit and decorative flowers make this species an attractive shade or ornamental tree for coastal gardens, although it is easily damaged by sea winds. It is a short-lived pioneer species that can become invasive and the extensive root system can become a problem to cultivation. It is thought to be a host for insect vectors of foliar decay disease of coconuts.
Ricinus communis (castor bean).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

R. communis is probably native to Africa, although it has long been cultivated or is found growing wild throughout the tropics, subtropics and many warm temperate countries. It is a fast-growing shrub or small tree, to about 4 m high, and the seed oil has been utilized for at least 6000 years. The oil was used by Ancient Egyptians for illumination, but current uses are mainly in a wide range of industrial oils, for soaps, paints, varnishes, textile dyes, leather preservation and waterproofing for fabrics, or for preparation of medicinal products. Some forms are ornamental. Silkworms are fed on the leaves in Africa. Breeding for high oil content and frost tolerance should be further studied. The main disadvantage is that it can become weedy, and invade agricultural land.
Voltage and cathode emission mechanisms of a magnetized, constricted, orbiting plasma in helium 6.7–850 Pa
Authors: Smith David J , Sommerer Timothy J , Lawler James E , Hitchon W Nicholas G 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We present a semiquantitative description of several important properties of a magnetized cold-cathode plasma in helium over a wide pressure range 6.7–850 Pa. We focus on the ‘constricted orbiting’ mode where the plasma attaches to the cathode as a moving ‘dot’ and the voltage and rate of cathode erosion are both unusually low. We propose that the low plasma voltage and observed motion of the plasma adjacent to the cathode can be attributed to field emission as the source of electrons from the cathode, a process that is aided by the charging of an oxide film by ions. We find that the observed dependence of plasma voltage on pressure is consistent with the assumption that the axial electric field must increase in regions of strong crossed magnetic field to maintain current continuity.
An antipodal Vivaldi antenna array based on spoof surface plasmon polariton metamaterial with 5G mm Wave suppression
Authors: Zhu Shuangshuang , Liu Haiwen , Chen Zhijiao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
An efficient method for achieving an antipodal Vivaldi antenna array with filtering performance based on spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) metamaterial is proposed. The array is fed by a 1-to-8 power divider integrated with SSPP structures—named SSPP-I. The loaded SSPP-I obtains high cutoff frequency at 24 GHz. Both numerical simulations and measurements suggest the proposed array has a good performance in the desired frequency band from 22.01 to 24 GHz, in which the measured radiation patterns show a high gain level of 9.83 dBi on average, and the highest and lowest values are within 0.27 dBi of the average. The filtering performance, flat gain, low cost, and low profile have wide applications in the development of mmWave radio astronomy systems and can suppress the interference of 5 G mmWave to the system.
Yielding and resolidification of colloidal gels under constant stress
Authors: Moghimi Esmaeel , Schofield Andrew B , Petekidis George 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We examine the macroscopic deformation of a colloidal depletion gel subjected to a step shear stress. Three regimes are identified depending on the magnitude of the applied stress: (i) for stresses below yield stress, the gel undergoes a weak creep in which the bulk deformation grows sublinearly with time similar to crystalline and amorphous solids. For stresses above yield stress, when the bulk deformation exceeds approximately the attraction range, the sublinear increase of deformation turns into a superlinear growth which signals the onset of non-linear rearrangements and yielding of the gel. However, the long-time creep after such superlinear growth shows two distinct behaviors: (ii) under strong stresses, a viscous flow is reached in which the strain increases linearly with time. This indicates a complete yielding and flow of the gel. In stark contrast, (iii) for weak stresses, the gel after yielding starts to resolidify. More homogenous gels that are produced through enhancement of either interparticle attraction strength or strain amplitude of the oscillatory preshear, resolidify gradually. In contrast, in gels that are more heterogeneous resolidification occurs abruptly. We also find that heterogenous gels produced by oscillatory preshear at intermediate strain amplitude yield in a two-step process. Finally, the characteristic time for the onset of delayed yielding is found to follow a two-step decrease with increasing stress. This is comprised of an exponential decrease at low stresses, during which bond reformation is decisive and resolidification is detected, and a power law decrease at higher stresses where bond breaking and particle rearrangements dominate.
Ab initio based interionic interactions in calcium aluminotitanate oxide melts: structure and diffusion
Authors: Jakse Noël , Alvares Cecilia M S , Pisch Alexander 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Calcium aluminotitanate (CaO–Al2O3–TiO2) ternary oxides are of fundamental interest in Materials as well as Earth and environmental science, and a key system for several industrial applications. As their properties at the atomic scale are scarcely known, interionic interactions for the melts are built from a bottom up strategy consisting in fitting first only Al2O3, CaO and TiO2 single oxide compounds separately with a unified description of the oxygen charge and O–O interaction term. For this purpose, a mean-square difference minimization of the partial pair-correlation functions with respect to the ab initio reference was performed. The potentials for the ternary oxide are finally built straightforwardly by adding purely Coulomb terms for dissimilar cation–cation interactions without further fit. This general and unified approach is transferable and successfully describes the structural and diffusion properties of the three single oxides as well as the ternary melts simultaneously. A possible underlying structural mechanism at the origin of the diffusion evolution with TiO2 content is proposed based on the formation of Ti induced triply bonded oxygen.
Magnetic and magneto-thermal properties of ferrimagnetic alloys (Er1−x
Y
x
)(Co0.84Fe0.16)2 and their dependence on the orientations of resultant and sublattice magnetizations
Authors: Anikin M S , Tarasov E N , Kudrevatykh N V , Neznakhin D S , Semkin M A , Selezneva N V , Andreev S V , Zinin A V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper structure, magnetic and magneto-thermal properties: magnetic entropy change (ΔS
m) and refrigeration capacity (q) of Er1–x
Y
x
(Co0.84Fe0.16)2 alloys (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1) in magnetic fields up to 90 kOe in a temperature range of 5–360 K are investigated. An analysis of temperature dependences of magnetization (σ) and high-field susceptibility (χ
hf) showed that in these compounds, three different ferri- and a one ferromagnetic structures are consequently realized. Concentration dependences of magnetic moment at 5 K (μ
f.u.), Curie temperature (T
C), residual magnetization (σ
r) and coercivity (H
c) have been shown to have an extreme at intermediate Y concentration. The character of temperature dependence of magnetic entropy change (ΔS
m(T)) depends on the composition and originates from the type of magnetic structure of the compound and the mutual orientation of R- and 3d- element sublattices magnetization with respect to the resulting one. In compounds with x = 0.6 and x = 0.8 temperature regions with different signs of ΔS
m are observed, reflecting the change of dominating R- or 3d- sublattice in the resulting magnetization.
Research on a fault diagnosis method for rolling bearing based on improved multiscale range entropy and hierarchical prototype
Authors: Zheng Likang , He Ye , Chen Xiaoan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A novel fault diagnosis method based on improved multiscale range entropy and hierarchical prototype (HP) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, considering that range entropy cannot analyze the complexity of time series from multiple perspectives, the coarse-grained process is combined with range entropy. In addition, to make the coarse-grained process more comprehensive, the selection of its starting point is improved. Secondly, to extract more feature information, the dimension reduction of eigenvectors is carried out by using singular value decomposition. Finally, HP is trained with the eigenvectors and its performance is tested. To test the performance of the proposed fault diagnosis method, testing bearing vibration signals collected by sensors from Case Western Reserve University and Southeast University are used for experimental analysis in this paper, and the experimental results show high accuracy of the proposed fault diagnosis method. To verify the suitability of the improvement proposal, the superiority in feature extraction ability and the classification capability of the classifier, the proposed fault diagnosis method is compared with another seven fault diagnosis methods. The results show that the proposed fault diagnosis method has the highest fault diagnosis accuracy.
Plasmonic enhancement of photocurrent generation in two-dimensional heterostructure of WSe2/MoS2
Authors: Ghods Soheil , Esfandiar Ali 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Enhancing the photoresponse of single-layered semiconductor materials is a challenge for high-performance photodetectors due to atomically thickness and limited quantum efficiency of these devices. Band engineering in heterostructure of transition metal chalcogenides (TMDs) can sort out part of this challenge. Here, we address this issue by utilizing the plasmonics phenomenon to enrich the optoelectronics property of the WSe2/MoS2 heterojunction and further enhancement of photoresponse. The introduced approach presents a contamination-free, tunable and efficient way to improve light interactions with heterojunction devices. The results showed a 3600-fold enhancement in photoresponsivity and a 46-fold increase in external quantum efficiency (549%) along with a fast photoresponse time (~2 μs) and light polarization dependence. This improvement may assign to multiple light scatterings by the Au nanoarrays and creation of strong local electrical fields (hot spots) at the interfaces of the gold nanoarrays and the TMDs heterostructure. The high-energy electrons (hot electrons) originating from hot spots surmount easily to conduction bands of heterojunction which is leading to a remarkable enhancement of photocurrent. The plasmons assisted photoresponse strategy can be easily matched with the semiconductor industry to boost the performance of optoelectronics devices for practical applications.
Preparation and mechanism research of bio-inspired dopamine decorated expanded graphite/silicone rubber composite with high thermal conductivity and excellent insulation
Authors: Liu Xingrong , Wu Wei , Liu Chao , Wang Yi , Chen Qiming , Cui Sufei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study looked at the process of designing and synthesized expanded graphite (EG) and modifying it with bio-inspired dopamine (DOPA). This is a process used to improve the thermal conductivity and dielectric properties of methyl vinyl silicone rubber (VMQ). The results demonstrated that the EG-DOPA-VMQ composites acquired an exceptional thermal conductivity of 1.015 W mK−1 at the loading of 10 wt%, approximately 480% higher than that of pure silicone rubber (0.175 W mK−1). This enhancement is mainly attributed to the improved dispersion capability of EG-DOPA and the robust interfacial interaction between EG-DOPA-VMQ interfaces; specifically, this is the result when compared with pristine EG. Moreover, throughout this process, the composites maintained an excellent insulating property with a resistance of ≈1012 Ω · cm; this particular result was due to the DOPA deposited on EG surfaces because they acted as an insulating layer, inhibiting the electron transfer in composites. Overall, this work demonstrated that it could present a promising strategy for synchronized manufacturing of polymer composites with high thermal conductivity and insulating capability.