bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A mixed methods evaluation of Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics (ALSO) and Basic Life Support in Obstetrics (BLSO) in a resource-limited setting on the Thailand-Myanmar border
Authors: McGready Rose , Rijken Marcus J. , Turner Claudia , Than Hla Hla , Tun Nay Win , Min Aung Myat , Hla Sophia , Wai Nan San , Proux Kieran , Min Thaw Htway , Gilder Mary Ellen , Sneddon Anne 
Published: June 2021

Background: Short emergency obstetric care (EmOC) courses have demonstrated improved provider confidence, knowledge and skills but impact on indicators such as maternal mortality and stillbirth is less substantial. This manuscript evaluates Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics (ALSO) and Basic Life Support (BLSO) as an adult education tool, in a protracted, post-conflict and resource-limited setting. Methods: A mixed methods evaluation was used. Basic characteristics of ALSO and BLSO participants and their course results were summarized. Kirkpatrick’s framework for assessment of education effectiveness included: qualitative data on participants’ reactions to training (level 1); and quantitative health indicator data on change in the availability and quality of EmOC and in maternal and/or neonatal health outcomes (level 4), by evaluation of the post-partum haemorrhage (PPH) related maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and stillbirth rate in the eight years prior and following implementation of ALSO and BLSO. Results: 561 Thailand-Myanmar border health workers participated in ALSO (n=355) and BLSO (n=206) courses 2008-2020. Pass rates on skills exceeded 90% for both courses while 50% passed the written ALSO test. Perceived confidence significantly improved for all items assessed. In the eight-year block preceding the implementation of ALSO and BLSO (2000-07) the PPH related MMR per 100,000 live births was 57.0 (95%CI 30.06-108.3)(9/15797) compared to 25.4 (95%CI 11.6-55.4)(6/23620) eight years following (2009-16), p=0.109. After adjustment, PPH related maternal mortality was associated with birth before ALSO/BLSO implementation aOR 3.825 (95%CI 1.1233-11.870), migrant (not refugee) status aOR 3.814 (95%CI 1.241-11.718) and attending ≤four antenatal consultations aOR 3.648 (95%CI 1.189-11.191). Stillbirth rate per 1,000 total births was 18.2 (95%CI 16.2-20.4)(291/16016) before the courses, and 11.1 (95%CI 9.8-12.5)(264/23884) after, p=0.038. Birth before ALSO/ BLSO implementation was associated with stillbirth aoR 1.235 (95%CI 1.018-1.500). Conclusions: This evaluation suggests ALSO and BLSO are sustainable, beneficial, EmOC trainings for adult education in protracted, post-conflict, resource-limited settings.
Introduction: Rethinking Performance in Early Modern England
Authors: Mayne Emily 
Published: June 2021

This Early Theatre ‘Issues in Review’ explores concepts of ‘performance’ in late medieval and early modern England. Responding to current work on drama, festivity and spectatorship, and to the ongoing editorial project Records of Early English Drama (REED), essays address questions such as: what constitutes performance in pre-modern contexts? where, and in what types of texts, can evidence of medieval and early modern performance be located? and what can rethinking ideas of performance and sources do for critical understanding of medieval and early modern culture and drama?
[Please note this Abstract and Title are for the whole 'Issues in Review'.]
Closing the loop: a 10-year experience with routine outcome measurements to improve treatment in hand surgery
Authors: Feitz Reinier , van Kooij Yara E. , ter Stege Marloes H. P. , van der Oest Mark J. W. , Souer J. Sebastiaan , Wouters Robbert M. , Slijper Harm P. , Selles Ruud W. , Hovius Steven E. R. ,   Hand–Wrist Study Group
Published: June 2021

Routine outcome measurements as a critical prerequisite of value-based healthcare have received considerable attention recently. There has been less attention for the last step in value-based healthcare where measurement of outcomes also leads to improvement in the quality of care. This is probably not without reason, since the last part of the learning cycle: ‘Closing the loop’, seems the hardest to implement. The journey from measuring outcomes to changing daily care can be troublesome. As early adopters of value-based healthcare, we would like to share our 10 years of experience in this journey. Examples of feedback loops are shown based on outcome measurements implemented to improve our daily care process as a focused hand surgery and hand therapy clinic. Feedback loops can be used to improve shared decision making, to monitor or predict treatment progression over time, for extreme value detection, improve journal clubs, and surgeon evaluation. Our goal as surgeons to improve treatment should not stop at the act of implementing routine outcome measurements. We should implement routine analysis and routine feedback loops, because real-time performance feedback can accelerate our learning cycle. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:439-450. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.210012
Radiological assessment of lower limb alignment
Authors: Marques Luís Nuno , Varatojo Ricardo 
Published: June 2021

The full-length standing radiograph in an anteroposterior projection is the primary tool for defining and measuring limb alignment with definition of the physiological axes and mechanical and anatomic angles of the lower limb. We define the deformities of the lower limb and the importance of correct surgical planning and execution. For patients with torsional malalignment of the lower limb, computerized tomography scan evaluation is the gold standard for preoperative assessment. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:487-494. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.210015
Ankle and syndesmosis instability: consensus and controversies
Authors: Corte-Real Nuno , Caetano João 
Published: June 2021

Ankle sprains are mainly benign lesions, but if not well addressed can evolve into permanent disability. A non-treated lateral, syndesmotic or medial ankle instability can evolve into ankle osteoarthritis. For this reason, diagnosis and treatment of these entities is of extreme importance. In general, acute instabilities undergo conservative treatment, while chronic instabilities are better addressed with surgical treatment. It is important to identify which acute instabilities are better treated with early surgical treatment. Syndesmosis injuries are frequently overlooked and represent a cause for persistent pain in ankle sprains. Unstable syndesmotic lesions are always managed by surgery. Non-treated deltoid ligament ruptures can evolve into a progressive valgus deformity of the hindfoot, due to its links with the spring ligament complex. This concept would give new importance to the diagnosis and treatment of acute medial ligament lesions. Multi-ligament lesions are usually unstable and are better treated with early surgery. A high suspicion rate is required, especially for combined syndesmotic and medial lesions or lateral and medial lesions. Ankle arthroscopy is a powerful tool for both diagnostic and treatment purposes. It is becoming mandatory in the management of ankle instabilities and multiple arthroscopic lateral/syndesmotic/medial repair techniques are emerging. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:420-431. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.210017
Revision knee surgery: the practical approach
Authors: Salari Paolo , Baldini Andrea 
Published: June 2021

Revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) is a challenging procedure with often unreproducible results. A step-by-step approach is fundamental to achieving good outcomes. Successful surgery requires a correct diagnosis of the original cause of failure. Only with an accurate and detailed plan can surgeons overcome difficulties presented in this scenario. Any bone loss should be prevented during prosthetic component removal. Efficient tools must be chosen to avoid time-consuming manoeuvres. Joint reconstruction based on a ‘dual-zone’ fixation is essential to provide a long-term survivorship of the implant. The use of relatively short fully cemented stems combined with a biological metaphyseal fixation is highly recommended by authors. Flexion and extension gaps are accurately balanced after the establishment of the tibial platform. Varus-valgus laxity is commonly managed with a condylar constrained prosthesis. If hinged implants are required, a stronger implant fixation is needed to counteract constraints forces. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:495-500. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.210018
Optical transmittance of 3D printing materials
Authors: Hamp Shannon M. , Logan Riley D. , Shaw Joseph A. 
Published: June 2021

The increasing prevalence of three-dimensional (3D) printing of optical housings and mounts necessitates a better understanding of the optical properties of printing materials. This paper describes a method for using multithickness samples of 3D printing materials to measure transmittance spectra at wavelengths from 400 to 2400 nm [visible to short-wave infrared (IR)]. In this method, 3D samples with material thicknesses of 1, 2, 3, and 4 mm were positioned in front of a uniform light source with a spectrometer probe on the opposing side to measure the light transmittance. Transmission depended primarily on the thickness and color of the sample, and multiple scattering prevented the use of a simple exponential model to relate transmittance, extinction, and thickness. A Solidworks file and a 3D printer file are included with the paper to enable measurements of additional materials with the same method.
Broadband meta-converters for multiple Laguerre-Gaussian modes
Authors: Mao Huade , Ren Yu-Xuan , Yu Yue , Yu Zejie , Sun Xiankai , Zhang Shuang , Wong Kenneth K. Y. 
Published: June 2021

Metasurface provides miniaturized devices for integrated optics. Here, we design and realize a meta-converter to transform a plane-wave beam into multiple Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) modes of different orders at various diffraction angles. The metasurface is fabricated with Au nano-antennas, which vary in length and orientation angle for modulation of both the phase and the amplitude of a scattered wave, on a silica substrate. Our error analysis suggests that the metasurface design is robust over a 400 nm wavelength range. This work presents the manipulation of LG beams through controlling both radial and azimuthal orders, which paves the way in expanding the communication channels by one more dimension (i.e., radial order) and demultiplexing different modes.
On-chip ultrafast pulse generation based on graphene-silicon hybrid waveguides
Authors: Deng Meng , Liao Zichun , Chen Yankai , Yang Ningning , Yan Xu , Zhang Chi , Dai Nengli , Wang Yi 
Published: June 2021

On-chip ultrafast mode-locking lasers are basic building blocks for the realization of a chip-based optical frequency comb. In this paper, an ultrafast saturable absorber made up of a graphene pad on top of a silicon waveguide is applied to implement an ultrafast pulse laser. Benefiting from the small mode area of the graphene/silicon hybrid waveguide, the saturable pulse energy is reduced by two orders of magnitude compared with the fiber. A mode-locked pulse with a duration of 542 fs and a repetition rate of 54.37 MHz is realized. Pump–probe measurement shows that the carrier relaxation process of free carrier recombination with atomic-thin graphene/silicon junctions is three orders of magnitude faster than silicon, which plays a fundamental role in pulse narrowing. The chip-scale silicon ultrafast laser lays a foundation for a new class of nonlinear devices, in which a combination with multiple functional silicon photonic circuits enables efficient nonlinear interaction at the micrometer scale and less than 1 W of power consumption.
Metaplot: A new Stata module for assessing heterogeneity in a meta-analysis
Authors: Poorolajal Jalal , Noornejad Shahla 
Published: June 2021

Background
The proposed sequential and combinatorial algorithm, suggested as a standard tool for assessing, exploring, and reporting heterogeneity in the meta-analysis, is useful but time-consuming particularly when the number of included studies is large. Metaplot is a novel graphical approach that facilitates performing sensitivity analysis to distinguish the source of substantial heterogeneity across studies with ease and speed.

Method
Metaplot is a Stata module based on Stata’s commands, known informally as "ado". Metaplot presents a two-way (x, y) plot in which the x-axis represents the study codes and the y-axis represents the values of I2 statistics excluding one study at a time (n-1 studies). Metaplot also produces a table in the ’Results window’ of the Stata software including details such as I2 and χ2 statistics and their P-values omitting one study in each turn.

Results
Metaplot allows rapid identification of studies that have a disproportionate impact on heterogeneity across studies, and communicates to what extent omission of that study may reduce the overall heterogeneity based on the I2 and χ2 statistics. Metaplot has no limitations regarding the number of studies or types of outcome data (binomial or continuous data).

Conclusions
Metaplot is a simple graphical approach that gives a quick and easy identification of the studies having substantial influences on overall heterogeneity at a glance.
Dynamical study of Lyapunov exponents for Hide’s coupled dynamo model
Authors: Alresheedi Teflah , Allahem Ali 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we introduced the Lyapunov exponents (LEs) as a significant tool that is used to study the numerical solution behavior of the dynamical systems. Moreover, Hide’s coupled dynamo model presents a valuable dynamical study. We simulate the convergence of the LEs of the model in three cases by means of periodic flow, regular flow, and chaos flow. In addition, we compared these cases in logic connections and proved them in a mathematical way.
Association between anthropometric measures and insulin resistance in Brazilian adolescents: data from the national study of cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents – ERICA
Authors: Pazin Daiane Cristina , da Matta Sandro Silva , Faria-Neto José Rocha , Bloch Katia Vergetti 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate anthropometric measures (AM) and insulin resistance (IR) association in adolescents aged 12–17 years and investigates how body mass index (BMI) interrelates with specific indicators of fat distribution in this association.

Methods
This analysis is from the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA) study, a national, cross-sectional study. AM was categorized by quartiles, and their means and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated. The prevalence of IR was estimated for each AM according to the quartiles. The associations between AM and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were analyzed using Poisson models.

Results
37,892 adolescents were included. IR prevalence tended to increase as quartiles increased for each AM. The association of BMI with IR persisted with the adjustment for others AM. The greatest reduction in the association’s strength was achieved with the adjustment by the waist circumference (WC) and the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Most other AM were also associated with IR.

Conclusion
AM has a positive association with the prevalence of IR, and the joint effect of BMI and central adiposity measures should be considered in cardiometabolic risk evaluation in adolescents.
Virtual Archaeology of Death and Burial: A Procedure for Integrating 3D Visualization and Analysis in Archaeothanatology
Authors: Mickleburgh Hayley L. , Stutz Liv Nilsson , Fokkens Harry 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The reconstruction of past mortuary rituals and practices increasingly incorporates analysis of the taphonomic history of the grave and buried body, using the framework provided by archaeothanatology. Archaeothanatological analysis relies on interpretation of the three-dimensional (3D) relationship of bones within the grave and traditionally depends on elaborate written descriptions and two-dimensional (2D) images of the remains during excavation to capture this spatial information. With the rapid development of inexpensive 3D tools, digital replicas (3D models) are now commonly available to preserve 3D information on human burials during excavation. A procedure developed using a test case to enhance archaeothanatological analysis and improve post-excavation analysis of human burials is described. Beyond preservation of static spatial information, 3D visualization techniques can be used in archaeothanatology to reconstruct the spatial displacement of bones over time, from deposition of the body to excavation of the skeletonized remains. The purpose of the procedure is to produce 3D simulations to visualize and test archaeothanatological hypotheses, thereby augmenting traditional archaeothanatological analysis. We illustrate our approach with the reconstruction of mortuary practices and burial taphonomy of a Bell Beaker burial from the site of Oostwoud-Tuithoorn, West-Frisia, the Netherlands. This case study was selected as the test case because of its relatively complete context information. The test case shows the potential for application of the procedure to older 2D field documentation, even when the amount and detail of documentation is less than ideal.
Spiropyran dyes
Authors: Towns Andrew 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article furnishes an introduction to one of the most well-known classes of photochromic colorant. While the properties of spiropyran dyes inspired pioneering efforts to exploit photochromism for industrial applications, their lack of robustness held them back from commercialization. Nevertheless, this type of dye remains at the heart of much of the work to develop light-responsive materials upon which many potential applications in different fields of scientific and technological endeavor depend. The article describes the photochromism, synthesis, and applications of spiropyran colorants with an emphasis on the structural subtype that has attracted the greatest scrutiny. It also acts as a springboard to sources of more detail on these aspects.
Chemical composition and physical properties of coffee (Coffea robusta) bee pollen in Daklak province, Vietnam
Authors: Quoc L.P.T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe main purpose of this study was to determine the chemical composition of monofloral bee-collected pollen from the coffee (Coffea robusta) plant and its pellet morphology. According to the results coffee bee pollen (CBP) has a high nutritional value. It contains a large percentage of protein, reducing sugar, and lipid. Also, vitamins (B2 and E) and minerals (K, Ca, and P) were found in CBP. In addition, the results revealed that the total polyphenols content (TPC) was 10.62 mg GAE/g dry weight (DW) and antioxidant activity (AA) of CBP was 5.52 μmol TE/g DW. Some physical properties of CBP pellet were recorded such as moisture, relative diameter, sphericity, bulk density, and colour parameters. The pollen pellet exhibits shapes of colour from light to dark yellow. These results pointed out that CBP can be used as a remarkable source of compounds with antioxidant activity and health-protective capacity for humans.
Greek Necromancy: Reality or Myth?
Authors: Vítek Tomáš 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThe article investigates the extent to which Greek necromancy fits into the wider eschatological, cultic and historical context of an epoch demarcated on the one hand by Homer and on the other by the Classical period. The oldest purported necromantic ritual, with the help of which Odysseus descended into the underworld, is a literary construct inspired especially by the heroic tomb-cults. Scenes depicting funereal necromancy, written by dramatists of the Classical period, were also drawn from this source. Ability, behavior and appearance of heroes were additionally ascribed to the so-called restless spirits and revenants and later came to include all the dead. The main cause of this was a change in eschatological ideas and especially heroization, which in the Roman period spread nominally to all the dead. Reports about necromancy include a high percentage of mythical and literarily-dramatized elements that simply do not correspond with contemporary ideas about the soul, the dead, the underworld and chthonic deities. It therefore appears almost certain that, at least to the end of the period described, necromancy was not carried out in reality but remained only the literary surmise of the possibility indicated by Homer.
Poètes Latins Et Rondes Des Saisons : Un Thème Et Ses Variations
Authors: Dehon Pierre-Jacques 
Published: June 2021

SummaryFrom Ennius onwards, Latin poets have repeatedly described in their verses dances or processions of the seasons. When commenting on the regularity of their cycle or succession, they have given specific overtones to their pictures of this natural phenomenon, inspired by their own perception of life or by proper philosophical systems, such as pythagorism and epicureanism. A close examination and comparison of texts by Ennius, Lucretius, Horace, Ovid, and the anonymous authors of the Laus Pisonis and the Aetna, shows that these poets engaged into a mutual dialogue over the centuries. Not only did they establish a true Latin topos, but they also used it so as to give free rein to their originality, in full compliance with the ancient concept of creative mimesis.
Early Christianity in the Region of Sopianae and the New Casket Mounts from Bakonya
Authors: Visy Zsolt 
Published: June 2021

SummaryChristianity spread out in Pannonia, too, and in the 3rd century there are proofs of its existence in the southern part of both Pannonias. Christianity became stronger in consequence of placing the officium praesidis of Valeria to Sopianae at the end of the 3rd century. The flourishing of ancient Christianity in Sopianae and in the surrounding villas was in the second half of the 4th century. The bronze casket mounts recently found in Bakonya support this historical reconstruction and offer new evidence for the presence of rich Christians in that era.
Diminutive formation in Hungarian
Authors: Rebrus Péter , Szigetvári Péter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe survey templatic diminutive formation in Hungarian. We conclude that there is an intricate system of endings that are added to bases which are truncated if they contain more than one vowel. Bases are also subject to vowel length changes in both directions, as well as the palatalization of the last consonant. The templatic diminutive forms are not subject to vowel harmony occurring in suffixes which prevails in the regular additive morphology of the language. Nevertheless, these forms conform to the vowel patterns found in disyllabic monomorphemic or disyllabic suffixed word forms.