bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of the raw and processed Crataegi Fructus based on the electronic nose coupled with chemometric methods
Authors: Fei Chenghao , Ren Chenchen , Wang Yulin , Li Lin , Li Weidong , Yin Fangzhou , Lu Tulin , Yin Wu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCrataegi Fructus (CF) is widely used as a medicinal and edible material around the world. Currently, different types of processed CF products are commonly found in the market. Quality evaluation of them mainly relies on chemical content determination, which is time and money consuming. To rapidly and nondestructively discriminate different types of processed CF products, an electronic nose coupled with chemometrics was developed. The odour detection method of CF was first established by single-factor investigation. Then, the sensor array was optimised by a stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Based on the best-optimised sensor array, the digital and mode standard were established, realizing the odour quality control of samples. Meanwhile, mathematical prediction models including the discriminant formula and back-propagation neural network (BPNN) model exhibited good evaluation with a high accuracy rate. These results suggest that the developed electronic nose system could be an alternative way for evaluating the odour of different types of processed CF products.
Aldehyde-specific responses of olfactory sensory neurons in the praying mantis
Authors: Ezaki Kota , Yamashita Takashi , Carle Thomas , Watanabe Hidehiro , Yokohari Fumio , Yamawaki Yoshifumi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlthough praying mantises rely mainly on vision for predatory behaviours, olfaction also plays a critical role in feeding and mating behaviours. However, the receptive processes underlying olfactory signals remain unclear. Here, we identified olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) that are highly tuned to detect aldehydes in the mantis Tenodera aridifolia. In extracellular recordings from OSNs in basiconic sensilla on the antennae, we observed three different spike shapes, indicating that at least three OSNs are housed in a single basiconic sensillum. Unexpectedly, one of the three OSNs exhibited strong excitatory responses to a set of aldehydes. Based on the similarities of the response spectra to 15 different aldehydes, the aldehyde-specific OSNs were classified into three classes: B, S, and M. Class B broadly responded to most aldehydes used as stimulants; class S responded to short-chain aldehydes (C3–C7); and class M responded to middle-length chain aldehydes (C6–C9). Thus, aldehyde molecules can be finely discriminated based on the activity patterns of a population of OSNs. Because many insects emit aldehydes for pheromonal communication, mantises might use aldehydes as olfactory cues for locating prey habitat.
Growth of macroporous TiO2on B-doped g-C3N4nanosheets: a Z-scheme photocatalyst for H2O2production and phenol oxidation under visible light
Authors: Behera Arjun , Babu Pradeepta , Parida Kulamani 
Published: January 2021

BCN/TiO2 heterostructured photocatalyst was demonstrated towards H2O2 production and phenol oxidation under visible light, based on Z-scheme and p–n heterojunction mechanism.
Revealing mechanism of Caulis Sargentodoxae for the treatment of ulcerative colitis based on network pharmacology approach
Authors: Liu Bin , Zheng Xin , Li Jiajun , Li Xiong , Wu Ruimei , Yang Jing , Liu Wei , Zhao Gaoping 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective: The traditional Chinese medicine Caulis Sargentodoxae is widely used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC), but the mechanism remains unknown. The present study aims to reveal its effective components, targets and pathways through network pharmacology and bioinformatics approaches.
Materials and methods: Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) was used to identify effective components. The ligand-based targets prediction was achieved through SwissTargetPrediction and TargetNet. UC-related targets were identified using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data and DisGeNET. The common targets of disease and components were constructed and analyzed by PPI network. Lastly, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses are used to explain the functions of these common targets. Components-Targets-Pathways network was visualized and analyzed to further reveal the connection between the components and targets.
Results: Eight active components and 102 key targets were identified to play an important role in UC. These targets were related to regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity, positive regulation of cell motility, response to molecule of bacterial origin, response to toxic substance, ERK1 and ERK2 cascade, peptidyl-tyrosine modification, inositol lipid-mediated signaling, cellular response to drug, regulation of inflammatory response and leukocyte migration. Moreover, HIF-1 signaling pathway and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway were the key targets involved in UC-related signaling pathways.
Conclusion: The eight active components of Caulis Sargentodoxae mainly play a therapeutic role for UC through synergistic regulation of HIF-1 signaling pathway and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.
Differences Between Female Singers With Phonotrauma and Vocally Healthy Matched Controls in Singing and Speaking Voice Use During 1 Week of Ambulatory Monitoring
Authors: Toles Laura E. , Ortiz Andrew J. , Marks Katherine L. , Burns James A. , Hron Tiffiny , Van Stan Jarrad H. , Mehta Daryush D. , Hillman Robert E. 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
Previous ambulatory voice monitoring studies have included many singers and have combined speech and singing in the analyses. This study applied a singing classifier to the ambulatory recordings of singers with phonotrauma and healthy controls to determine if analyzing speech and singing separately would reveal voice use differences that could provide new insights into the etiology and pathophysiology of phonotrauma in this at-risk population.

Method

Forty-two female singers with phonotrauma (vocal fold nodules or polyps) and 42 healthy matched controls were monitored using an ambulatory voice monitor. Weeklong statistics (average, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis) for sound pressure level (SPL), fundamental frequency, cepstral peak prominence, the magnitude ratio of the first two harmonics (

H
1
–H
2

), and three vocal dose measures were computed from the neck surface acceleration signal and separated into singing and speech using a singing classifier.

Results

Mixed analysis of variance models found expected differences between singing and speech in each voice parameter, except SPL kurtosis. SPL skewness, SPL kurtosis, and all

H
1
–H
2

distributional parameters differentiated patients and controls when singing and speech were combined. Interaction effects were found in

H
1
–H
2

kurtosis and all vocal dose measures. Patients had significantly higher vocal doses in speech compared to controls.

Conclusions

Consistent with prior work, the pathophysiology of phonotrauma in singers is characterized by more abrupt/complete glottal closure (decreased mean and variation for

H
1
–H
2

) and increased laryngeal forces (negatively skewed SPL distribution) during phonation. Application of a singing classifier to weeklong data revealed that singers with phonotrauma spent more time speaking on a weekly basis, but not more time singing, compared to controls. Results are used as a basis for hypothesizing about the role of speaking voice in the etiology of phonotraumatic vocal hyperfunction in singers.
Temperament and the Impact of Stuttering in Children Aged 8–14 Years
Authors: Eggers Kurt , Millard Sharon , Kelman Elaine 
Published: January 2021

PurposeThe goal of this study was to evaluate possible associations between child- and mother-reported temperament, stuttering severity, and child-reported impact of stuttering in school-age children who stutter.MethodParticipants were 123 children who stutter (94 boys and 29 girls) who were between 9;0 and 14;10 (years;months) and their mothers. Temperament was assessed with the revised child and parent version of the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire–Revised (Ellis & Rothbart, 2001). The Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering (Yaruss & Quesal, 2006) was used to evaluate the stuttering impact.ResultsChild- and mother-reported Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire–Revised temperament factors correlated moderately. No statistically significant associations were found between temperament and stuttering severity. The temperament factors of Surgency (both child- and mother-reported) and Negative Affect (only child-reported) correlated moderately with the Overall Impact and several subsections (i.e., Speaker's Reactions, Daily Communication, and/or Quality of Life) of the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering.ConclusionsMore extraverted and less fearful/shy children experience a lower overall impact of their stuttering. Children with higher levels of irritability and frustration experience a higher overall impact of their stuttering. Since children's ratings of temperament were more sensitive to these associations than mothers, this study supports the inclusion of child-reported temperament questionnaires in future research.
Hard exudate segmentation in retinal image with attention mechanism
Authors: Si Ze , Fu Dongmei , Liu Yang , Huang Zhicheng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is the main reason that causes preventable blindness. Hard exudate is one of the earliest signs of diabetic retinopathy. Precise detection of hard exudate is helpful for the early diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy. Fully convolutional network (FCN) shows great performance on hard exudate segmentation task. However, there are limitations for fully convolutional network to build long‐range dependencies in different regions of the image. Convolution operator extract features in local area, segmentation results based on local features are likely to be wrong in some cases. Another channel attention method was proposed, and two different attention modules are used in the segmentation model. In this way, long‐range dependencies across different image regions are built efficiently in different stages of feature extraction. In addition, a new loss function is designed to deal with the data imbalance problem in hard exudate segmentation task. The proposed method was evaluated by two public datasets, and the comparative experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Gestão dos Terrenos Comunitários. Análise dos Planos de Utilização dos Baldios
Authors: Skulska Iryna , do Loreto Monteiro Maria , Rego Francisco Castro 
Published: January 2021

Os terrenos comunitários (baldios) ocupam atualmente cerca de meio milhão de hectares em Portugal continental e constituem um património valioso e um importante espaço agroflorestal. Em 1976, os baldios foram devolvidos às comunidades rurais após décadas de ocupação pelo Estado Novo e reflorestação sob o Regime Florestal.Em 2007, entre a Direcção-Geral dos Recursos Florestais e as principais federações florestais com intervenção nos baldios foi assinado um protocolo para a elaboração de Planos de Utilização dos Baldios (PUB), tendo vindo a ser produzidos 830 planos. Entre 2016 e 2019 toda a informação, relacionada com os PUB foi recolhida para organização de uma base de dados com 664 planos, bem como para o procedimento de análise estatística com o objetivo de comparar as quatro principais modalidades de gestão dos baldios.Os resultados obtidos permitiram caracterizar as florestas comunitárias. A maior parte das áreas florestais baldias estavam administradas em cogestão com o Estado verificando-se que, em todas as modalidades de gestão analisadas, a produção florestal prevalece como uma das principais aptidões e estratégias. A maioria destas florestas é composta por coníferas, apontando-se o interesse da conversão para florestas mistas. Os PUB permitiram também conhecer muitas outras características dos baldios e da sua gestão e forneceram indicações diversas sobre o potencial destas áreas para o desenvolvimento de novas atividades económicas.
Polyterpene Resisns: Part I – A Brief Historical Review
Authors: Soares Andreia , Pestana Miguel 
Published: January 2021

The terpenic resins are polymers of low molecular weight hydrocarbons, obtained by cationic polymerization of terpenes. These products are used in the adhesives, sealants and wax coating industries.
Commercial adhesive resins are prepared from monoterpenes -the main ones are α-pinene, β-pinene and dipentene.
The softening point and molecular weight of polyterpene resins are critical for their main use (adherence).
Its adhesive behavior results from the relationship of the softening point with the molecular weight.
At the commercial level, polyterpene resins are produced by polymerization of terpene monomers. Batch and continuous systems are used.
The composition of an adhesive requires a wide knowledge of the materials available and the specific requirements of its application.
The most common types of adhesives are Pressure Sensitive Adhesives, Hot-melt Adhesives and Structural Adhesives.
The N-Methyl-(2S,
4R)-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline-Enriched Methanol Fraction from
Sideroxylon obtusifolium Shows an Anticonvulsant Activity Associated
with its Anti-inflammatory/Antioxidant Actions
Authors: de Aquino Pedro Everson Alexandre , Lustosa Ítalo Rosal , de Sousa Caren Nádia Soares , Chaves-Filho Adriano José Maia , Lima Francisco Arnaldo Viana , da Conceição Santos Alan Diego , Gramosa Nilce Viana , Silveira Edilberto Rocha , de Barros Viana Glauce Socorro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEpilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures,
resulting from excessive neuronal discharges. Sideroxylon
obtusifolium is used in Brazil for its
anti-inflammatory/antioxidant properties, known to be involved with
epilepsy. The anticonvulsant effects of the methanol fraction from S.
obtusifolium leaves, rich in
N-methyl-(2S,4R)-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline,
were investigated on pilocarpine- and pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsion
models. Mice were pretreated with
N-methyl-(2S,4R)-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline
(50, 100, 200 mg/kg, p.o.) and, 1 h later, by pilocarpine
(400 mg/kg, i.p.) or pentylenetetrazole
(80 mg/kg, i.p.). The animals were observed for latency to
the first convulsion and latency to death. Immediately after death, brain
areas from the pilocarpine groups were harvested for biochemical
measurements. The latency to the first convulsion and latency to death
increased after
N-methyl-(2S,4R)-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline
treatment compared with the pilocarpine- or pentylenetetrazole-only groups.
In both convulsion models, sodium valproate (reference drug) was used as a
positive control. Additionally, the decreases in striatal dopamine and
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid contents observed in the pilocarpine-only
group were partially prevented in the
N-methyl-(2S,4R)-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline-treated
groups. While brain gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate contents decreased
and increased, respectively, after pilocarpine only, these changes were also
prevented by
N-methyl-(2S,4R)-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline.
Similarly,
N-methyl-(2S,4R)-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline
reduced the brain oxidative stress by decreasing the levels of nitrite and
lipid peroxidation and increasing the glutathione content of the
pilocarpine-only group. The increases in hippocampal expressions for
interleukin 6, interferon-gamma, and glial fibrillary acidic protein, after
pilocarpine only, were decreased to normal levels by
N-methyl-(2S,4R)-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline.
In conclusion, the study showed significant anticonvulsant effects for
N-methyl-(2S,4R)-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline,
probably related to its anti-inflammatory/antioxidant properties.
N-Methyl-(2S,4R)-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline
effects were potentiated by VPA (sodium valproate), thus it may also
interact with the GABAergic system, as we had recently shown.
Die dentogene Sinusitis
Authors: Abrams Jürgen 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Jahren wird eine steigende Anzahl odontogener Entzündungen der Kieferhöhle beobachtet. Voraussetzung für eine bakterielle Infektion der Kieferhöhle ist die Perforation der Schneider’schen Membran. Pathogenetisch ist die ostiomeatale Einheit durch die vom Kieferhöhlenboden aufsteigende Infektion erst sekundär involviert. Wichtig sind neben der Anamnese bildgebende Verfahren, wobei der hochauflösenden CT und der DVT wegen der 3-dimensionalen Auflösung eine besondere Aufgabe zukommt. Eine zahnärztliche Röntgenaufnahme oder eine zahnärztliche Untersuchung zur Diagnostik ist in vielen Fällen nicht ausreichend. Aufgrund der Anatomie sind vor allem die Molaren als Auslöser einer dentogenen Sinusitis anzusehen. Das Keimspektrum ist polymikrobiell mit einer Dominanz von Anaerobiern. Therapeutisch favorisieren wir die 1-zeitige Operation mit Sanierung des zugrunde liegenden Prozesses und funktioneller Nebenhöhlenchirurgie. Auch in der Implantologie kann die funktionelle Nebenhöhlenchirurgie einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Sanierung entzündlicher Komplikationen leisten.
Prävalenz und Versorgung der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung in Deutschland: Eine bundesweite Auswertung von Krankenkassendaten aus den Jahren 2008 und 2017
Authors: Bachmann Christian J. , Czwikla Jonas , Jacobs Hannes , Fegert Jörg M. , Hoffmann Falk 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Gewinnung von Daten zur Prävalenz sowie medizinischen und psychotherapeutischen Versorgung von Menschen mit PTBS in Deutschland.
Methodik Aus Sekundärdaten der BARMER wurde die Prävalenz von PTBS-Diagnosen (ICD-10: F43.1) sowie psychiatrischen Komorbiditäten, Psychotherapie und Pharmakotherapie für diese Versichertengruppe abgeleitet. Ergänzend wurden Prävalenztrends (2008 vs. 2017) berechnet.
Ergebnisse Im Jahr 2017 lag die PTBS-Diagnoseprävalenz bei 0,7 % (Frauen: 0,9 %; Männer: 0,4 %); gegenüber 0,3 % in 2008. 74,4 % aller Versicherten mit PTBS-Diagnose erhielten ambulante Psychotherapie, 43,6 % erhielten Antidepressiva (meistverordnet: Venlafaxin) und 14,4 % Antipsychotika (häufigste Substanz: Quetiapin).
Schlussfolgerung Im untersuchten Zeitraum hat sich die Diagnosehäufigkeit von PTBS mehr als verdoppelt. Sie liegt jedoch weiterhin unter der in epidemiologischen Studien ermittelten Prävalenz, was auf Potenzial für eine verbesserte diagnostische Erkennung von PTBS hindeutet.
Synthesis of 1,2,3-Triazole-Fused Indole Derivatives via Copper-Catalyzed Cascade Reaction
Authors: Zhou Fengtao , Zhang Qiuyu , Majeed Kashif , Liu Bangjie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA copper-catalyzed tandem reaction has been developed for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole-fused indole derivatives. This protocol allowed us to access a wide range of 1,2,3-triazole-fused indole derivatives in moderate to excellent yields. The 1,2,3-triazole-fused indole derivatives emit blue and greenish light when excited at 365 nm. The products were further explored for their quantum efficiency and photophysical properties.
Homeopathic Rhus toxicodendron Induces Cell Adhesions in the Mouse Pre-osteoblast Cell Line MC3T3-e1
Authors: Oh Young Soo , Chae Soo Chul , Kim Hwan , Yang Hun Ji , Lee Kyung Jin , Yeo Myeong Gu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground Rhus toxicodendron (R. tox) has been used as a homeopathic remedy for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. Previously, we reported that R. tox modulated inflammation in the mouse chondrocyte and pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-e1 cell line. During the inflammatory process, cells adhere to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and then migrate to the inflammation site. We examine here the process of cell adhesion in MC3T3-e1 cells after their stimulation with homeopathic R. tox.Methods For the cell–substrate adhesion assay, the cultured MC3T3-e1 cells were trypsinized, starved for 1 h in serum-free media, and plated onto culture plates coated with fibronectin (FN), 30c R. tox or gelatin, respectively. The cells were allowed to adhere for 20 min incubation and unattached cells were washed out. Adherent cells were measured using the water-soluble tetrazolium salt-8 assay. The intracellular signals after stimulation of R. tox were examined by analyzing the tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Src kinase, and Paxillin using immunoblot assay. Formation of focal adhesion (FA, an integrin-containing multi-protein structure that forms between intracellular actin bundles and the ECM) was analyzed by immunocytochemistry using NIH ImageJ software.Results Cell adhesion increased after stimulation with R. tox (FN, 20.50%; R. tox, 44.80%; and gelatin, 17.11% vs. uncoated cells [control]). Tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK, Paxillin, and Src increased compared with that of gelatin when stimulated with R. tox. Additionally, R. tox-stimulated cells formed many FAs (number of FAs per cell, 35.82 ± 7.68) compared with gelatin-stimulated cells (number of FAs per cell, 19.80 ± 7.18) and exhibited extensive formation of actin stress fibers anchored by FAs formed at the cell periphery.Conclusion Homeopathic R. tox promotes the formation of cell adhesions in vitro.
Relationship between Whole Blood Viscosity and Lesion Severity in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Ceyhun Gökhan , Birdal Oğuzhan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective This article investigates the relationship of fractional flow reserve (FFR) with whole blood viscosity (WBV) in patients who were diagnosed with chronic coronary syndrome and significant stenosis in the major coronary arteries and underwent the measurement of FFR.
Material and Method In the FFR measurements performed to evaluate the severity of coronary artery stenosis, 160 patients were included in the study and divided into two groups as follows: 80 with significant stenosis and 80 with nonsignificant stenosis. WBVs at low shear rate (LSR) and high shear rate (HSR) were compared between the patients in the significant and nonsignificant coronary artery stenosis groups.
Results In the group with FFR < 0.80 and significant coronary artery stenosis, WBV was significantly higher compared with the group with nonsignificant coronary artery stenosis in terms of both HSR (19.33 ± 0.84) and LSR (81.19 ± 14.20) (p < 0.001). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, HSR and LSR were independent predictors of significant coronary artery stenosis (HSR: odds ratio: 1.67, 95% confidence interval: 1.17–2.64; LSR: odds ratio: 2.46, 95% confidence interval: 2.19–2.78). In the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, when the cutoff value of WBV at LSR was taken as 79.23, it had 58.42% sensitivity and 62.13% specificity for the prediction of significant coronary artery stenosis (area under the ROC curve: 0.628, p < 0.001).
Conclusion WBV, an inexpensive biomarker that can be easily calculated prior to coronary angiography, was higher in patients with functionally severe coronary artery stenosis, and thus could be a useful marker in predicting the hemodynamic severity of coronary artery stenosis in patients with chronic coronary syndrome.