bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-Comparison of Snow Albedo Products Derived from Satellite (Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8) Optical Data
Authors: Fan Yan , Yu Jie , liu Wenting 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Snow albedo is an important factor affecting global climate change. Due to the limitation of atmospheric conditions and cloud cover, remote sensing products of snow albedo have data missing and error uncertainty. In this study, based on the method of directly inverting the reflectance of the top of the atmosphere, the difference and accuracy of the snow albedo derived from the Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 data were compared. we used two narrowband-to-broadband conversion algorithms to obtain a total of four snow albedo products. Then we use scatterplots and three indicators (the mean absolute value error, root mean square error, and pearson correlation coefficient) to compare the correlation and accuracy of the four products. The research results show that four snow albedo products derived from satellite (Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8) optical data have a strong correlation. Finally, we use IDL to check each field for regression analysis to obtain a linear regression equation. The fitting coefficient of the equation is between 0.85-0.90. The snow albedo is inverted by a variety of remote sensing data, which provides a solution to the problem of missing data.
Study on SDE Distribution of Forest Vegetation in China Based on Trapezoidal Grid Segmentation
Authors: Jiao Youquan , Feng Ji 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The trapezoidal grid segmentation of China was carried out at a scale of 1:10000 to form a grid system covering the Chinese mainland. Based on the standard deviation ellipse (SDE) distribution theory, seven major categories and 53 sub-categories of Chinese forest vegetation were studied respectively. The SDE distribution was obtained and the average area distribution rate of 51.75% major-category vegetation was also obtained. Broad-leaved forests and sparse forests accounted for the largest proportion in China, with a proportion of 68.11%, the deviation rate of the average was 31.61%, and the dispersion was 0.097; the average distribution rate of sub-category vegetation was 9.38%, and the temperate subalpine evergreen coniferous forests accounted for the largest proportion in China, with a distribution rate of 30.23% and a dispersion of 0.032. The spatial distribution pattern of vegetation is mostly "southwest-northeast", but the elliptical center of the major-category vegetation moves more; while in terms of the direction of sub-category vegetation, there were nine categories of vegetation with three long-axis azimuths [<45 degrees], 27 categories of vegetation with long-axis azimuth [>45°∪≤90°], and 27 categories of vegetation with long-axis azimuth [> 90°].
The possibility of using self-compatible forms of meadow clover (Trifolium pratense L.) in breeding to increase seed productivity
Authors: Novoselov M Y , Starshinova O A , Drobysheva L V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A genetic source of self-compatibility was identified, sample No. 3000, whose offspring in the I1 generation had this property at the level from 18 to 100 %. The average seed setting rate for self-pollination was 77 %, which is many times higher than the self-compatibility rate for diploid varieties (0.5-1 %). Under mechanical action on inflorescences without tripping of flowers, the seed setting in the studied forms was 46 %. In reciprocal crosses with the Early 2 variety, a high heritability of the self-compatibility trait was found, which was observed in the F1 generation in 53 % of genotypes in direct and 74% in reverse crosses. Hybrid combinations of Early 2♀ x No.3000 I2♂ and No.226 BC ♀ x No.3000 I2 ♂ were created in generations I1 - I3, in the offspring of which an increase in the number of highly self-compatible genotypes was detected by 50% and 60%, respectively. By the I3 generation, self-compatible and weakly self-compatible genotypes were completely absent, and the percentage of medium-and high-self-compatible genotypes reached 100 %. Based on linear material (Early 2 x No. 3000 I2) I4, multilinear F1 populations were created and their seed productivity was evaluated. Self-compatible hybrids in the number of inflorescences exceeded the Early 2 variety by 19%; in seed setting-by 25-31 %, in seed weight from 1 plant-by 18-24 %. A breeding program was developed to create the source material of meadow clover (Trifolium pratense L.) with high seed productivity using a genetic source of self-compatibility.
Mechanochemical modification of natural zeolite to improve the adsorption and hydrolysis properties of metsulfuron-methyl
Authors: Spiridonov Yu Ya , Chkanikov N D , Khalikov S S , Spiridonova I. Yu. , Nasakina E O , Glinushkin A P 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
For the first time, potentially active samples of zeolites were obtained by their mechanochemical modification with the polysaccharide arabinogalactan and aerosil. The most positive effect on the desorption properties of aerosil addition is shown.
Research on convergence analysis method of metro tunnel section--Based on mobile 3D laser scanning technology
Authors: Zhang Hongfei , Xia Jinzhou 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The protection and monitoring of subway tunnels have always been an important guarantee for the safe operation of urban rail transit. The current monitoring of tunnel deformation and convergence relies on traditional technology methods such as convergence meters and electronic total stations. Although the 3D laser scanning method of stationary station setup and station-to-station splicing of monitoring station is gradually becoming mature, the error accumulation and slow operation efficiency brought by station-to-station splicing are still the bottleneck of subway tunnel protection and monitoring. Based on the analysis of the principles and advantages of mobile 3D laser scanning technology, this paper deeply studies the mobile 3D laser scanning technology for rapid collection of point cloud data in subway tunnels, proposes an improved RANSAC algorithm based on the tunnel ellipse parameter model, and extracts metro tunnel deformation information through denoising and fitting of the tunnel cross section point cloud data, achieving convergence analysis of metro tunnel section. The results show that this method can quickly and accurately obtain tunnel section data, which provides a new and efficient technical approach for subway tunnel protection monitoring.
BIM Process and Application in Geological Exploration of Rail Transit Engineering in Mountainous Cities
Authors: Guo Wei , Ma JianXiong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Based on the practical problems in the geological modeling of rail transit engineering in Chongqing, this study conducts a comparative analysis of the commonly use methods of engineering geological modeling. In view of the special geological conditions such as sand-mudstone interbedding and lens in mountainous cities, the problem of unified stratification of complex strata is solved by means of three-dimensional auxiliary layering and a process of three-dimensional modeling suitable for regular underground running tunnels and deep-buried underground running tunnels in mountainous cities is established.
Analysis on construction deformation characteristics of Da-Puling tunnel by monitoring measurement
Authors: Liu Hewen , Wu Wenjia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Tunnel monitoring and measurement is the guarantee of tunnel construction safety and implementation of dynamic parameter design; relying on the surface settlement, vault settlement and convergence deformation in the tunnel during the construction of Da-Puling tunnel on Guangxi expressway, based on the monitoring data, the stress situation and deformation characteristics of the tunnel are analyzed; the results show that the construction parameters of Da-Puling tunnel are basically reasonable, and the portal section is the key to the control of the whole construction parameters, the settlement of the tunnel vault in the V-Class surrounding rock of the portal section is about 4 times of the convergence deformation, which is mainly caused by the gravity of the overlying soil layer. The settlement of the tunnel vault in the IV-class surrounding rock is close to the convergence deformation, and the stress release deformation in the loose area of the tunnel surrounding rock is the main one. The monitoring and analysis in the construction process provides reliable data for design and construction in time, and ensures the smooth progress of tunnel construction.
Bearing capacity analysis of flap gate under impact load
Authors: Zhu Hemin , Li Xiaona , Chen Yile 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In order to study the bearing capacity of flap gate under impact load, this paper uses the finite element calculation model to calculate the bending and shear resistance of the buttress of the flap gate under the design model, and designs the reinforcement amount of the section to study the bearing capacity of the flap gate under the impact load. The research result shows that the impact load controls the bearing capacity of the pier section, and the reduction of impact load can effectively alleviate the stress concentration at the corner of the pier. It is necessary to reconfigure the appropriate tension and compression reinforcement, but the stirrup and diagonal reinforcement do not need to be reconfigured.
Supplier Selection in Shipbuilding Industry – A Review
Authors: Pribadi S R W , Pribadi T W , Wahidi S I 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
There are many criteria and methods that can be used to select the right supplier. Selection of a suitable supplier is needed, especially in the shipbuilding industry. Selection of suppliers is to reduce risky purchases, maximize price suppression with the best quality goods for buyers and establish long-term relationships between suppliers and buyers to facilitate future cooperation with today’s increasingly competitive industry. This study was made to critically analyze the factors and appropriate methods in selecting suppliers in the shipbuilding industry. With many methods and criteria that are of particular concern to today’s industrial developments, in this paper the literature has been thoroughly reviewed to help provide solutions to these problems. The results of the reviews that have been carried out can be seen that the right criteria for selecting suppliers include quality, price, delivery, service, technical ability, financial strength, geographical location, reputation, reciprocal arrangements, etc. Likewise, the methods used, namely ANP-PROMETHEE and LARG, can be taken into consideration for a good supplier selection method.
Monitoring and Automatic Control of various Parameters for Mushroom Farming
Authors: Suresh M , Srinivasan M , Gowri Shankar S , Karthikeyan D , Nakhul V , Naveen Kumar A , Sundar S , Maniraj P 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Mushroom cultivation nowadays mostly done as indoor cultivation. The yield of mushroom is lesser in conventional method. To improve the yield of mushroom, automation in mushroom cultivation is needed and can be achieved using smart electronic components. For cultivating and growing mushrooms, certain parameters like temperature, humidity, light intensity, CO2 level should be maintained at certain level. Depending upon the type of mushroom, these parameters should be changed. Mushroom needs a dark, cool, moist, and humid growing atmosphere. Many of them proposed Automatic mushroom cultivation, but cultivator didn’t achieve the required cooling. In order to solve the proposed problem, Peltier Air Conditioner with honey pad setup methodology is proposed in this paper. The main objective is to monitor and control the physical parameters automatically, those are essentially needed to be in control round the clock for the efficient cultivation of mushroom.
A Review on the Mechanical Properties of the Green Concrete
Authors: Mukesh T S , Sampathkumar K , Kisshore V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the 1950s, Viktor Glukovsky of Kiev, U.S.S.R., developed concrete materials that were originally known as “soil silicate concretes” and “soil cements,” however since Joseph Davidovits coined the geopolymer theory, the terms and meanings of “geopolymer” have become more complex and often more frequent. As the production of Ordinary Portland Cement produces substantial CO2 emissions, Geopolymer Concrete will be of considerable cure to global warming related to the construction industry. At the same time, GPC substitutes OPC by industrial waste products for instance Fly Ash, Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS), Silica Fume, Rice-Husk Ash, Metakaoline or Red Mud (RM) utterly or almost 80%.
Manufacturing methods of healthy and edible cups-An integrative review
Authors: Satheesh Kumar K V , Vikram S , Vigneswaran S J , Sudhanhari C T A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A teacup is for drinking tea. It is also larger than coffee cups. Morning tea cups are typically bigger than afternoon tea cups. Several studies suggest that customer perception of beverages and purchase preferences were heavily associated with form and colour of a vessel. Since previous studies centered on wine, bubble beverages, juice, chocolate, etc., there has been barely any study on the required drinking tea vessels. In this review, tea experts and designers were approached to gather data for their perspectives. This study revealed that a tea-drinking vessel’s architecture and manufacture could affect the tea’s taste and scent perception. Cups used for hot drinks like tea and coffee are constructed of materials like steel, glass, plastic, etc. Cookie cups provide an option to such cups by introducing some flavor to drinks. Most notably, this cookie cup is often produced of sugarless biscuits that allow diabetics eat this cup. This cup would be cost-effective, reducing paper cup use. Hostels, clinics, and every business may use this cup. These findings explain a cup of biscuits concept and production processes.
Automatic Turning ON/OFF Bike Indicator Using Offline GPS Navigation System
Authors: Usha S , Karthik M , Lalitha R , Jothibasu M. , Krishnamoorthy T 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the present modern world, most of the people are using the roadways for transportation purposes. The utilization of roadways increases by one side, on the other side the road accidents are also escalating. The current assessment shows that the reasons for the road accidents are not obeying the traffic rules, inappropriate usage of indicators while turning right or left while driving the vehicles and so on. In peak hours and in traffic times people are speeding up with their vehicle and forgot to use their indicator. This leads to an accident while sudden turning and braking without a proper indication. In order to overcome these types of difficulties, an automatic turning on/off bike indicators using offline GPS navigation system is proposed. The proposed system works in an offline mode and does not need any internet connectivity. By turning on the supply to the board, it will generate the hotspot and it will be connected with Wi-Fi in Mobile Phone. Then the destination is fixed in the mobile application. When turning is available in the way to destination before 100 meters of that turning, indicator will be automatically turned on and after that indicator will be automatically turned off. Thus the proposed work would help the people during the rush hours and also during the emergency situations to avoid accidents.
Design and Fabrication of Low Cost 3D Printer
Authors: Gomathi K , Arangamuthalvan K R , Deepigkashri S , Dharnieshwaran C B , Dhivya S , Praveen C 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
3D printing technology is one type of additive manufacturing processing in which three dimensional solid objects can be created by consecutive layers. It is often referred as rapid prototyping. In this process, 3D models are easily generated on a relatively sized system linked to a device containing object blueprints where this idea of custom production is an exciting one. By using of inkjet printing technology, this innovative approach for making 3D models saves time. To create an overall structure in its own way this technology is often preferred. The major part used to develop a pattern is the cartridge which can be used in most applications such as jewellery design, Architecture domain, Health care, and Engineering. Most required design is created with the help of Computer-Aided Design or 3D Scanner where the cost of a 3D printer is merely high; so a cost-effective low-cost 3D printer with suitable components is fabricated.
Concept of Automated Agriculture - Auto Techno Farming
Authors: Sharath Prasanna R. , Karthikeyan V. , Mohamed Armoon Shaliq M. , Sarath ARP 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Agriculture cushions men and helps humans to lead a comfortable and convenient life. The main objective of this project is to enhance farm productivity in large scale farming and urban areas, it tends to solve the uncertain issues that are developing in urban agriculture by implementing human free automated agriculture. With the espousal of Artificial Intelligence in Auto Techno Farming (ATF) can lead to the development of advanced agricultural farming methods. We are presenting the concept of automated agriculture that is a track based farming technique for large area farming. Machine design is carried out in such a way that it receives a single command from the user, after which it assesses and analyses geographical conditions and begins to send the analysed data to the user. ATF is fully automated, which will assist to select the seeds by itself and sow the seed according to the optimal weather conditions in appropriate time. The challenging issue probably solved by ATF is, it sprays pesticide only to the required areas. In addition this provides multitudinous advantages such as, full automation, uses AI, weeding, harvesting and other farming techniques are done predominantly by itself. The project proposed above can be tested on agricultural fields with high precision. It makes a pristine beauty of agriculture and makes the survival of the man significant by ATFs. ATF serves as a milestone in the field of agriculture under emerging Environmental Engineering Technologies. The concept of Auto Techno farming is described with the design, simulation and circuits out of CATIA V5, Creo, MATLAB, Proteus 8.9 and Blender.
Review paper on material properties of high performance concrete
Authors: Thiyaneswaran M.P. , Revin Jenova L , Navaneethan K.S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In modern years, effective utilization of high performance concrete in construction because of their increase in durability and mechanical properties. In particular high performance concrete is made by replacing/introducing mineral admixtures and chemical admixtures with cement or replacing/introducing the fibers into the concrete. The focus of this review is to illustrate the properties of the various materials used, mix proportion of materials to make high performance concrete and observation of high performance concrete. Moreover there are three main groups which are important in manufacture of high performance concrete they are increase of workability, increase of strength and increase of durability. Finally the studies on the high performance concrete have been reviewed.
An experimentation on gravity influence in concentric tube heat pipe heat exchanger using various working fluids
Authors: Ram Kumar P , Sivasubramanian M , Vivek C M , Raveendiran P 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In present work the experimentation is carried out in the heat pipe introduce inside concentric-tube heat exchanger. Methanol, Acetone as working fluids, and water as heat transport fluid. The investigation is done by different mass flow rates and temperatures of the fluids. The effect of gravitational angles for 0° and 90° are experimented. The maximum heat transfer performance is obtained at angle is 0°. In this investigation for acetone as working fluid there is an increment of 30.42% for effectiveness, 2.5% for Reynolds number and 21.57% decrease in thermal resistance than with methanol. This experimentation clearly shows that heat pipe heat exchanger with acetone exhibits enhanced performance when related with methanol.
Investigation of Direct Delta Sigma Receiver for Modern Cellular Systems
Authors: Manjula S. , Malleswari M. , Asha A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the significance of Direct Delta Sigma Receiver (DDSR) in modern cellular communication systems. The development of 4G/5G technologies such as LTE and WiMax is increased the need of digital technology and new solutions for cellular systems. Due to the demand of digitalization in modern cellular applications which leads to minimize the analog circuits, support frequency-agile and several bandwidths, DDSR is introduced and becomes more popular than other conventional receivers. DDSR is the combination of front end of direct conversion receiver and Delta Sigma Modulator (DSM). The importance and structure of DDSR are studied. In DDSR, quantization noise shaping with filtering can be provided by the feedback loop. The filter coefficients are mapped to the properties of RF circuits at the front end is more challenging and difficult task. Optimization of filter coefficients plays an important role in DDSR. In future, optimization methods and algorithms can be efficiently used to optimize filter coefficients in DDSR.
Experimental investigation on behaviour of RC circular and square columns confined with natural fabrics
Authors: Ravi Prakash T. , Balaji S. , Anandakumar S. , Vignesh M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper natural fibers are confined with short circular and square columns for strengthening purpose with conventional wrapping technology. The substitution of natural fibres for synthetic fibres is a new approach to achieve sustainable construction. The most commonly used fibers are Glass, Carbon, Aramid, etc., but the fibers are costly and considered to be slightly uneconomical. Hence natural fibers namely Jute, Kenaf and Flax are utilized in this research. An experimental study reports the efficacy of the use of Jute, Kenaf, and Flax fabrics as external confinement for concrete columns furthermore, the outcomes propose that a huge improvement in the quality properties. Circular columns of 100mm diameter and 600mm height have been constructed and are tested under axial compression. The test outcomes show that the axial load carrying limit of FRP wrapped is increased than the control columns by a significant percentage. In these three natural fibers, Flax FRP wrapped columns offer more strength than Jute and Kenaf fiber wrapped columns. Natural fibers not only increase the strength it is cost-effective and environmental friendly as they are 100% bio-degradable.
Investigation of Strength and Security of Pseudo Random Number Generators
Authors: Sathya K , Premalatha J , Rajasekar Vani 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Security is a key factor in today’s fast communicating world. Many cryptographic algorithms are tested and put into use efficiently. Random numbers are used in diverse forms like nonces, secret key, initialization vector, etc. They find place in encryption, digital signature, hashing algorithms. A deterministic algorithms takes an intial seed value as input and produces pseudo random numbers with falsely induced randomness. This research work extensively surveys large set of state-of-the-art PRNGs and categorizes them based on methodology used to produce them. We compared their statistical results obtained from various statistical test tools like NIST SP 800-22, TestU01. Finally, security analyses of various PRNGs were done quantitatively for their key space, key sensitivity, entropy, speed of bit generation, linear complexity. At last, we concluded the results with some future directions for researchers to carry out their research in improving the PRNGs.