bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some Solutions of the Timoshenko Beam Equation for Short Pulse-Type Loading
Authors: Plass H. J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A collection of solutions to the Timoshenko beam equation is presented. Various types of support conditions and impact conditions are included. In every case the impact is assumed to be a pulse in the form of a half-sine wave. The results were found numerically, using the method of characteristics, except for one case, which was done in addition by the Laplace transform method, for check purposes. Agreement with experiment is good except for a pulse of duration comparable to the time required for the bending-type wave to travel a distance of one diameter. Discussion is included of the differences among the various cases studied.
Nonaxial Bending of Ring Plates of Varying Thickness
Authors: Conway H. D. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A solution is given to the problem of the bending of circular ring plates of varying thickness which are subjected at their outer and inner edges to any system of forces and moments. The thickness is assumed to be proportional to any power of the radius, this having the effect of making the solution tractable. Numerical results are given for a plate, clamped at its inner, free at its outer, edge and subjected to a normal concentrated load on its outer edge. The constant-thickness version of this problem was first solved by Reissner.
Transient and Residual Stresses in Heat-Treated Plates
Authors: Landau H. G. , Weiner J. H. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Equations are given for determining transient and residual thermal stresses in a heat-treated plate. The material of the plate is assumed to be elastic, perfectly plastic. The temperature is assumed uniform on any plane parallel to the faces of the plate but can vary arbitrarily in the direction normal to the face and in time. The stress distribution during the unloading period is determined exactly without the simplifying assumption of simultaneous unloading. Application is made to the determination of stresses during cooling of a uniformly heated plate. The stress-distribution sequence and residual stresses are calculated for several values of cooling rate and yield stress.
Theory of Pitch and Curvature Corrections for the Helical Spring—I (Tension)
Authors: Ancker C. J. , Goodier J. N. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The helical spring of round cross section loaded in axial tension is solved. Both pitch and curvature are considered. All deformations and stresses are obtained by a “thin-slice” method which reduces the variables from three to two. The form of the solution is deduced from considerations of symmetry. This knowledge, applied to the equations of the boundary-value problem, produces algebraic equations which are then solved.
Response of Complex Structures From Reed-Gage Data
Authors: Rubin Sheldon 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The paper considers the general applicability of the reed gage, an instrument which records the peak response to a transient motion of single-degree-of-freedom systems. These recorded data permit the calculation of peak response in each vibrational mode of a complex structure experiencing the measured excitation as a base motion. An upper bound to the maximum structural response can be obtained by summing the peak responses in each of the modes. An analysis is made of the error inherent in this superposition process. In many practical problems the distribution of mode frequencies and the form of the excitation are such that this error is not of great significance.
Design of Accelerometers for Transient Measurements
Authors: Rubin Sheldon 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to find a significant accelerometer accuracy criterion for measuring transients, and to apply it to the investigation of optimum damping and the range of frequency response required. It is proposed that the effect of instrument distortions on the response spectrum of a transient be used to evaluate the acceptability of the measurement. The application of this response-spectrum criterion to some selected acceleration pulses indicates that the optimum instrument damping for a transient measurement is essentially the same as for the measurement of periodic motions and that the accelerometer period should be less than 0.4 of the pulse duration for 5 per cent accuracy. A reasonable generalization of the results to more complex transients is made.
The Plastic Deformation Due to Impact of a Cantilever Beam With an Attached Tip Mass
Authors: Mentel T. J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A theoretical analysis, based on the assumption of ideal plastic-rigid behavior, is made of the deformation of a uniform cantilever beam with an attached lip mass, which results from a transverse acceleration of the base of the cantilever. The problem is also investigated experimentally and an assessment is made of the theoretical work. A simplified analysis based on a one-dimensional model is found to give results which are very close to those obtained by analysis of the continuum model, but in both cases it is found that corrections must be applied to obtain good results, because of effects neglected in both analyses. In the case of the experimental models tested, the principal correction appears to be that for strain-rate effects.
Physical Properties of Plastics for Photothermoelastic Investigations
Authors: Tramposch H. , Gerard G. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The optical and physical properties of Paraplex P43, Castolite, and epoxy resin Hysol 6000-OP, which are potentially of interest in photothermoelastic investigations, were investigated over a temperature range from +100 to −60 F. Results on the thermal-expansion coefficient, the material fringe value, and the modulus of elasticity as functions of temperature are presented. Also evaluated were thermal properties of importance in heat conduction. Photothermoelastic figures of merit, which rate the optical sensitivity of materials in photothermoelastic applications, as well as a new method to determine this figure in a relative manner are presented.
Buckling of Struts of Variable Bending Rigidity
Authors: Abbassi Mohammed M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The differential equation (d2y/dx2) + ϕ(x)y = 0 where ϕ(x) is a slowly varying function of x can be solved approximately in terms of trigonometric functions. The solution can be applied to find the critical buckling loads for struts of variable bending rigidity and for uniform struts under the action of varying axial forces. The error in using the approximate formulas for buckling loads is in most cases small, and, for all practical purposes, satisfactory results are obtained.
The Strain-Energy Expression for Thin Elastic Shells
Authors: Haywood J. H. , Wilson L. B. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A strain-energy expression is derived for thin isotropic elastic shells in terms of the displacements of the middle surface of the shell. This expression is confined to small-deflection theory, and the condition of plane stress previously used in the theory of thin shells is retained. A simplified expression is also obtained by the introduction of the Kirchhoff-Love hypothesis, and the relative merits of these two expressions are discussed. The strain-energy expression is applied to the thin circular cylinder, and the result is compared with various strain-energy expressions developed by previous authors.
On the Carrying Capacity of Plates of Arbitrary Shape and Variable Fixity Under a Concentrated Load
Authors: Zaid M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The previously known limit-load solution for a circular plate, with a centrally concentrated load, is extended to include a plate of general shape and fixity with arbitrary load location. Considering an ideally plastic material that obeys the Tresca yield criterion, this limit load is equal to 2π times the unit yield moment (M0). The techniques of this paper can be used to establish upper and lower bounds to the limit load for plates under other loading conditions.
Elastic, Plastic Stresses in Free Plate With Periodically Varying Surface Temperature
Authors: Yüksel Halil 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The paper is concerned with a free plate that consists of an elastic, perfectly plastic material and is subjected to a harmonically varying temperature at one face, while the other face is kept at a constant temperature and the edge is perfectly insulated. The thermal stresses associated with the steady-state temperature oscillations are analyzed, and the development of plastic regions is discussed.
Association of biological antirheumatic therapy with risk for type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study in incident rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Paul Sanjoy K , Montvida Olga , Best Jennie H , Gale Sara , Pethö-Schramm Attila , Sarsour Khaled 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo explore possible associations of treatment with biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs), including T-cell-based and interleukin-6 inhibition (IL-6i)-based therapies, and the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Study design, setting and participantsFive treatment groups were selected from a United States Electronic Medical Records database of 283 756 patients with RA (mean follow-up, 5 years): never received bDMARD (No bDMARD, n=125 337), tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi, n=34 873), IL-6i (n=1884), T-cell inhibitors (n=5935) and IL-6i+T cell inhibitor abatacept (n=1213). Probability and risk for T2DM were estimated with adjustment for relevant confounders.ResultsIn the cohort of 169 242 patients with a mean 4.5 years of follow-up and a mean 641 200 person years of follow-up, the adjusted probability of developing T2DM was significantly lower in the IL-6i (probability, 1%; 95% CI 0.6 to 2.0), T-cell inhibitor (probability, 3%; 95% CI 2.3 to 3.3) and IL-6i+T cell inhibitor (probability, 2%; 95% CI 0.1 to 2.9) groups than in the No bDMARD (probability, 5%; 95% CI 4.6 to 4.9) and TNFi (probability, 4%; 95% CI 3.7 to 4.7) groups. Compared with No bDMARD, the IL-6i and IL-6i+T cell inhibitor groups had 37% (95% CI of HR 0.42 to 0.96) and 34% (95% CI of HR 0.46 to 0.93) significantly lower risk for T2DM, respectively; there was no significant difference in risk in the TNFi (HR 0.99; 95% CI 0.93 to 1.06) and T-cell inhibitor (HR 0.96; 95% CI 0.82 to 1.12) groups.ConclusionsTreatment with IL-6i, with or without T-cell inhibitors, was associated with reduced risk for T2DM compared with TNFi or No bDMARDs; a less pronounced association was observed for the T-cell inhibitor abatacept.
Realising the full potential of data-enabled trials in the UK: a call for action
Authors: Sydes Matthew R , Barbachano Yolanda , Bowman Louise , Denwood Tom , Farmer Andrew , Garfield-Birkbeck Steph , Gibson Martin , Gulliford Martin C , Harrison David A , Hewitt Catherine , Logue Jennifer , Navaie Will , Norrie John , O'Kane Martin , Quint Jennifer K , Rycroft-Malone Jo , Sheffield Jonathan , Smeeth Liam , Sullivan Frank , Tizzard Juliet , Walker Paula , Wilding John , Williamson Paula R , Landray Martin , Morris Andrew , Walker Rhoswyn R , Williams Hywel C , Valentine Janet 
Published: June 2021

RationaleClinical trials are the gold standard for testing interventions. COVID-19 has further raised their public profile and emphasised the need to deliver better, faster, more efficient trials for patient benefit. Considerable overlap exists between data required for trials and data already collected routinely in electronic healthcare records (EHRs). Opportunities exist to use these in innovative ways to decrease duplication of effort and speed trial recruitment, conduct and follow-up.ApproachThe National Institute of Health Research (NIHR), Health Data Research UK and Clinical Practice Research Datalink co-organised a national workshop to accelerate the agenda for ‘data-enabled clinical trials’. Showcasing successful examples and imagining future possibilities, the plenary talks, panel discussions, group discussions and case studies covered: design/feasibility; recruitment; conduct/follow-up; collecting benefits/harms; and analysis/interpretation.ReflectionSome notable studies have successfully accessed and used EHR to identify potential recruits, support randomised trials, deliver interventions and supplement/replace trial-specific follow-up. Some outcome measures are already reliably collected; others, like safety, need detailed work to meet regulatory reporting requirements. There is a clear need for system interoperability and a ‘route map’ to identify and access the necessary datasets. Researchers running regulatory-facing trials must carefully consider how data quality and integrity would be assessed. An experience-sharing forum could stimulate wider adoption of EHR-based methods in trial design and execution.DiscussionEHR offer opportunities to better plan clinical trials, assess patients and capture data more efficiently, reducing research waste and increasing focus on each trial’s specific challenges. The short-term emphasis should be on facilitating patient recruitment and for postmarketing authorisation trials where research-relevant outcome measures are readily collectable. Sharing of case studies is encouraged. The workshop directly informed NIHR’s funding call for ambitious data-enabled trials at scale. There is the opportunity for the UK to build upon existing data science capabilities to identify, recruit and monitor patients in trials at scale.
Pharmacogenetics to Avoid Loss of Hearing (PALOH) trial: a protocol for a prospective observational implementation trial
Authors: McDermott John Henry , Mahood Rachel , Stoddard Duncan , Mahaveer Ajit , Turner Mark A , Corry Rachel , Garlick Julia , Miele Gino , Ainsworth Shaun , Kemp Laura , Bruce Iain , Body Richard , Ulph Fiona , Macleod Rhona , Harvey Karen , Booth Nicola , Roberts Peter , Wilson Paul , Newman William G 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionIn conjunction with a beta-lactam, aminoglycosides are the first-choice antibiotic for empirical treatment of sepsis in the neonatal period. The m.1555A>G variant predisposes to ototoxicity after aminoglycoside administration and has a prevalence of 1 in 500. Current genetic testing can take over 24 hours, an unacceptable delay in the acute setting. This prospective-observational trial will implement a rapid point of care test (POCT), facilitating tailored antibiotic prescribing to avoid hearing loss.Methods and analysisThe genedrive POCT can detect the m.1555A>G variant in 26 min from buccal swab. This system will be integrated into the clinical pathways at two large UK neonatal centres over a minimum 6-month period. The primary outcome is the number of neonates successfully tested for the variant out of all babies prescribed antibiotics. As a secondary outcome, clinical timings will be compared with data collected prior to implementation, measuring the impact on routine practice.Ethics and disseminationApproval for the trial was granted by the Research Ethics Committee (REC) and Human Research Authority in August 2019. Results will be published in full on completion of the study.Trial registration numberISRCTN13704894.Protocol versionV 1.3.
Socioeconomic mechanisms of myopia boom in China: a nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: Ma Yingyan , Lin Senlin , Li Liping , Jia Yingnan , Zou Haidong 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesTo assess the association between socioeconomic development and the myopia boom in China.DesignNationwide cross-sectional study.SettingWe used data from the China Family Panel Study (CFPS 2010), and the Chinese National Survey on Students’ Constitution and Health (CNSSCH 2010).ParticipantsParticipants included 33 600 individuals and 14 226 families from the CFPS 2010, and 86 199 students aged 7–12 years from the CNSSCH 2010.MeasuresThe main measure was students’ visual impairment (defined as Snellen visual acuity ≤20/25 (0.8) in the worse eye) rate of each province (or municipality or autonomous region); other measures included the Gini coefficient of property, logarithm of average property, Gini coefficient of education, average education duration and return-to-education rate of each province (or municipality or autonomous region). The visual impairment rate was calculated using students’ data, aged 7–12 years, from the CNSSCH 2010. The Gini coefficient of property and logarithm of average property were calculated using the families’ data from the CFPS 2010; the Gini coefficient of education, average education duration and return-to-education rate were calculated using individuals’ data aged 18–44 years from the CFPS 2010.ResultsThe urban environment (coefficient: 0.209; p<0.001), Gini coefficient of property (coefficient: 1.979; p=0.005), logarithm of average property (coefficient: 0.114; p<0.001), average education duration (coefficient: 0.041; p<0.001) and return-to-education rate (coefficient: 0.195; p<0.001) were positively associated with the logit function of visual impairment rate.ConclusionsEconomic development may promote an increased desire to pursue wealth. Regarding high return to education and a fairly competitive education system, individuals are likely to pursue wealth through education, which is associated with a heavier education burden and higher prevalence rates of myopia.
Use of infographics as a health-related knowledge translation tool: protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Mc Sween-Cadieux Esther , Chabot Catherine , Fillol Amandine , Saha Trisha , Dagenais Christian 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionEfforts to bridge the know–do gap have paved the way for development of the field of knowledge translation (KT). KT aims to understand how evidence use can best be promoted and supported through different activities. For dissemination activities, infographics are gaining in popularity as a promising KT tool to reach multiple health research users (eg, health practitioners, patients and families, decision-makers). However, to our knowledge, no study has yet mapped the available evidence on this tool using a systematic method. This scoping review will explore the depth and breadth of evidence on infographics use and its effectiveness in improving research uptake (eg, raising awareness, influencing attitudes, increasing knowledge, informing practice and changing behaviour).Methods and analysisWe will use the scoping review methodological framework first proposed by Arksey and O’Malley (2005), improved by Levacet al, and further refined by the Joanna Briggs Institute (2020). The search will be conducted in MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, Social Science Abstracts, Library and Information Science Abstracts, Education Resources Information Center, Cairn and Google Scholar. We will also search for relevant literature from the reference lists of the included publications. Two independent reviewers will select the studies. All study designs will be eligible for inclusion, with no date or publication status restrictions. The included studies will have evaluated infographics that disseminate health research evidence and target a non-scientific audience. A data extraction form will be developed and used to extract and chart the data, which will then be synthesised to present a descriptive summary of the results.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required. To inform the research and KT communities, various dissemination activities will be developed, including user-friendly KT tools (eg, webinars, fact sheets and infographics), open-access publication and presentations at KT events and conferences.
Determinants of acceptance of patients with heart failure and their informal caregivers regarding an interactive decision-making system: a qualitative study
Authors: Zippel-Schultz Bettina , Palant Alexander , Eurlings Casper , F Ski Chantal , Hill Loreena , Thompson David R , Fitzsimons Donna , Dixon Lana J , Brandts Julia , Schuett Katharina Andrea , de Maesschalck Lieven , Barrett Matthew , Furtado da Luz Ermelinda , Hoedemakers Thom , Helms Thomas Maria , Brunner-La Rocca Hans-Peter 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveHeart failure is a growing challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. Technological solutions have the potential to improve the health of patients and help to reduce costs. Acceptability is a prerequisite for the use and a successful implementation of new disruptive technologies. This qualitative study aimed to explore determinants that influence the acceptance of patients and their informal caregivers regarding a patient-oriented digital decision-making solution—a doctor-at-home system.DesignWe applied a semistructured design using an interview guide that was based on a theoretical framework influenced by established acceptance theories. The interviews were analysed using a content analysis.SettingA multicentred study in four European countries.ParticipantsWe interviewed 49 patients and 33 of their informal caregivers. Most of the patients were male (76%) and aged between 60 and 69 years (43%). Informal caregivers were mostly female (85%). The majority of patients (55%) suffered from heart failure with mild symptoms.ResultsFour main categories emerged from the data: needs and expectations, preferences regarding the care process, perceived risk and trust. Participants expressed clear wishes and expectations regarding a doctor-at-home, especially the need for reassurance and support in the management of heart failure. They were receptive to changes to the current healthcare processes. However, trust was identified as an important basis for acceptance and use. Finally, perceived risk for decision-making errors is a crucial topic in need of attention.ConclusionPatients and informal caregivers see clear benefits of digitalisation in healthcare. They perceive that an interactive decision-making system for patients could empower and enable effective self-care. Our results provide important insights for development processes of patient-centred decision-making systems by identifying facilitators and barriers for acceptance. Further research is needed, especially regarding the influence and mitigation of patients and informal caregivers’ perceived risks.