bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat and mass transport on MHD flow over semi‐infinite moving porous plate with chemical reaction effect
Authors: Kalpana M. , Vijaya R. Bhuvana 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe consequences of chemical reaction, on unsteady magnetohydrodynamic heat and mass transport laminar flows of a viscous, electrically conducting with heat‐generating or absorbing fluid enclosed through a semi‐infinite absorbent plate has been premeditated. The plate is assumed to be in motion with a constant velocity within the path of fluid flow. A homogeneous magnetic field performs at right angles to the absorbent surface; it is absorbing the fluid with a suction velocity varying with a certain instant of time. The nondimensional governing equations for the present configuration are solved systematically utilizing harmonic and nonharmonic terms. Graphical consequences for the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles together supported by the investigative solutions are displayed and discussed computationally. The resulting velocity is reducing by an augment in the strength of the magnetic field and Prandtl number, whereas it is enhancing by growing in the permeability of the porous medium. The temperature delivery is reduces by an escalating heat source parameter and occurrence of fluctuation. It is significant to note that the temperature increases notably with growing the radiation absorption parameter. The influences of the chemical reaction and Schmidt number reduced the concentration in the entire fluid medium.
A comparison of frameworks for separating the impacts of human activities and climate change on river flow in existing records and different near‐future scenarios
Authors: Andaryani Soghra , Nourani Vahid , Ball James , Jahanbakhsh Asl Saeed , Keshtkar Hamidreza , Trolle Dennis 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSeparating the effects of human activities/climate change on lotic ecosystems is one of the important components of environmental management as well as water resources maintenance. A Mann–Kendall analysis of hydro‐climatic parameters and vegetation cover (VC), calculated using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), during the period 1985–2014 suggested a significant decrease and increase of river flow and temperature at p < 0.01, as well as an insignificant decline and increment of precipitation and VC, respectively within the arid and semi‐arid region, that is, Zilbier River basin in north‐western Iran. A separation of human activities/climate change effects on the reduction of river flow was carried out using three alternative approaches: a simple eco‐hydrological method (coupled water‐energy budget (ECH)), elasticity‐based analysis (Budyko framework (EBA)), and a process‐based watershed model based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The efficiency of these approaches was assessed over the periods 1985–1994, 1995–2014, and under five potential near‐future human activities/climate change scenarios (S1–S5) by 2030. The results indicated that the climate change impacts on river flow was more severe than those of human activities. Climate change contributed to an average of 83.6% and 77.0% reduction in river flow in the past and the realistic future scenarios (i.e., S4 and S5), respectively, while human activities accounted for 16.4% and 30%. According to our findings, despite the fact that ECH results are more in line with the SWAT model, in case of physical characterization inaccessibility, ECH and EBA (as simple descriptive and quantitative models, respectively) can be used to separate, simulate and project the impacts of human activities and climate changes on river flow.
Growth factor‐loaded microspheres in mPEG‐polypeptide hydrogel system for articular cartilage repair
Authors: Lin Shih‐Jie , Chan Yun‐Chen , Su Zih‐Cheng , Yeh Wen‐Ling , Lai Po‐Liang , Chu I‐Ming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe developed an injectable hydrogel system with a sustained release of TGF‐β3 through growth factor‐loaded microsphere to mimic the cartilage‐like microenvironment. Poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres incorporated in three dimensional (3D) scaffolds were chosen because of its regulatory approval, good biodegradability, and acting as carriers with sustained release behavior. We evaluated sustained release of TGF‐β3 by PLGA microspheres encapsulated in methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(alanine) (mPA) hydrogels and the resulting enhanced chondrogenic effects. We reported here the effect of the proposed system for sustained release of growth factors on chondrogenesis in cartilage regeneration. PLGA microspheres were used in our thermosensitive mPA hydrogel system with bovine serum albumin as a stabilizing and protecting agent for the emulsion and TGF‐β3 enabling sustained release. Gelation, structural properties, and in‐vitro release of this composite, that is, microspheres in hydrogel, system were investigated. Using PLGA microspheres to carry growth factors could complement the mPA hydrogel's ability to provide an excellent 3D microenvironment for the promotion of chondrogenic phenotype as compared the systems using mPA hydrogel or microspheres alone. Our study demonstrated that this synthesized composite hydrogel system is capable of modulating the biosynthetic and differentiation activities of chondrocytes. The sustained release of TGF‐β3 in this novel hydrogel system could improve biomedical applicability of mPEG‐polypeptide scaffolds. The distinctive local growth factor delivery system successfully combined the use of both polymers to be a suitable candidate for prolonged articular cartilage regeneration.
Investigation of human adipose‐derived stem‐cell behavior using a cell‐instructive polydopamine‐coated gelatin–alginate hydrogel
Authors: Pacelli Settimio , Chakravarti Aparna R. , Modaresi Saman , Subham Siddharth , Burkey Kyley , Kurlbaum Cecilia , Fang Madeline , Neal Christopher A. , Mellott Adam J. , Chakraborty Aishik , Paul Arghya 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHydrogels can be fabricated and designed to exert direct control over stem cells' adhesion and differentiation. In this study, we have investigated the use of polydopamine (pDA)‐treatment as a binding platform for bioactive compounds to create a versatile gelatin–alginate (Gel–Alg) hydrogel for tissue engineering applications. Precisely, pDA was used to modify the surface properties of the hydrogel and better control the adhesion and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose‐derived stem cells (hASCs). pDA enabled the adsorption of different types of bioactive molecules, including a model osteoinductive drug (dexamethasone) as well as a model pro‐angiogenic peptide (QK). The pDA treatment efficiently retained the drug and the peptide compared to the untreated hydrogel and proved to be effective in controlling the morphology, cell area, and osteogenic differentiation of hASCs. Overall, the findings of this study confirm the efficacy of pDA treatment as a valuable strategy to modulate the biological properties of biocompatible Gel–Alg hydrogels and further extend their value in regenerative medicine.
Fabrication of multifunctional mucoadhesive buccal patch for drug delivery applications
Authors: Rohani Shirvan Anahita , Hemmatinejad Nahid , Bahrami S. Hajir , Bashari Azadeh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMucoadhesive buccal patch is a promising dosage form for a successful oral drug delivery, which provides unique advantages for various applications such as treatment of periodontal disease and postdental surgery disorders. The aim of this study is to synthesize a novel multifunctional mucoadhesive buccal patch in a multilayer reservoir design for therapeutic applications. The patches were fabricated through simultaneous electrospinning of chitosan/poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA)/ibuprofen and electrospraying of phenylalanine amino acid nanotubes (PhNTs) containing metronidazole into the electrospun mats through a layer‐by‐layer process. An electrospun poly(caprolactone) (PCL) was used as an impermeable backing layer to protect the mucoadhesive component from tongue movement and drug loss. Buccal patches were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and also evaluated in terms of physicomechanical parameters such as pH, weight, thickness, tensile strength, folding endurance, and mucoadhesive properties. The swelling index of the patches was examined with respect to the PVA/chitosan ratio. The effect of genipin addition to the electrospinning solution was also studied on mucoadhesive and swelling properties. The cell viability of buccal patches was assessed by methylthiazolydiphenyl‐tetrazolium bromide test on L929 fibroblast cell line. The patch with an optimal amount of mucoadhesive polymers (PVA/chitosan 80:20) and crosslinking agent (0.05 g) indicated an ideal hemostatic activity along with antibacterial properties against Streptococcus mutans bacteria. The synthesized multifunctional mucoadhesive patch with a novel composition and design has a great potential for oral therapeutic applications.
Silencing of AFAP1‐AS1 lncRNA impairs cell proliferation and migration by epigenetically promoting DUSP5 expression in pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Zou Yanfen , Tang Xiaotong , Zhang Yuanyuan , Yang Nana , Xu Kun , Xu Yetao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs a unique and common obstetric complication of pregnant women, pre‐eclampsia (PE) has been the first leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in the world. Mounting studies have demonstrated that an abnormality of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression was related to the pathological process of PE. Here, we showed that lncRNA AFAP1‐AS1 was markedly downregulated in pre‐eclamptic placentas. We further investigated the mechanism underlying the regulatory role of AFAP1‐AS1 in PE using human trophoblast cells. In vitro functional assays revealed that AFAP1‐AS1 knockdown inhibited trophoblast proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, AFAP1‐AS1 interacts with EZH2 and inhibits DUSP5 expression through modulating H3K27m3 in the DUSP5 promoter of trophoblast cells, thus being involved in PE pathogenesis. Overall, these findings suggest that AFAP1‐AS1 could potentially become a prognostic biomarker as well as a new therapeutic target for PE.
From everyday life predictions to suicide prevention: Clinical and ethical considerations in suicide predictive analytic tools
Authors: Luk Jeremy W. , Pruitt Larry D. , Smolenski Derek J. , Tucker Jennifer , Workman Don E. , Belsher Bradley E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAdvances in artificial intelligence and machine learning have fueled growing interest in the application of predictive analytics to identify high‐risk suicidal patients. Such application will require the aggregation of large‐scale, sensitive patient data to help inform complex and potentially stigmatizing health care decisions. This paper provides a description of how suicide prediction is uniquely difficult by comparing it to nonmedical (weather and traffic forecasting) and medical predictions (cancer and human immunodeficiency virus risk), followed by clinical and ethical challenges presented within a risk‐benefit conceptual framework. Because the misidentification of suicide risk may be associated with unintended negative consequences, clinicians and policymakers need to carefully weigh the risks and benefits of using suicide predictive analytics across health care populations. Practical recommendations are provided to strengthen the protection of patient rights and enhance the clinical utility of suicide predictive analytics tools.
The longitudinal contribution of attachment models and interpersonal factors to posttraumatic growth among suicide‐loss survivors
Authors: Levi‐Belz Yossi , Rotem Noa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to deepen our understanding of the interpersonal facilitators of posttraumatic growth (PTG) among suicide‐loss survivors (SLSs) by focusing on the effects of attachment models on PTG in a 4‐year longitudinal design.MethodOne‐hundred and fity‐two SLSs completed a series of questionnaires tapping attachment models, self‐disclosure, social support and PTG in a three‐wave study design.ResultsAttachment models, self‐disclosure, and perceived social support at T1 were found to predict PTG levels at T2. Self‐disclosure alone predicted PTG at T3. Structural equation modeling analysis revealed that interpersonal factors served as mediators of the relationship between attachment models and PTG beyond the PTG trajectory.ConclusionsAttachment models play an important role in facilitating PTG among SLSs. Thus, therapeutic interventions based on attachment models of self and other specifically designed to promote a sense of self‐worth and confidence in others may be valuable in facilitating growth among SLSs.
Septin 4 controls CCNB1 stabilization via APC/CCDC20 during meiotic G2/M transition in mouse oocytes
Authors: Chen Li , Ouyang Ying‐Chun , Li Jian , Qiao Jing‐Yi , Gu Lin ‐Jian , Wang Zhen‐Bo , Hou Yi , Schatten Heide , Sun Qing‐Yuan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn mammals, oocytes are arrested at G2/prophase for a long time, which is called germinal vesicle (GV) arrest. After puberty, fully‐grown oocytes are stimulated by a gonadotropin surge to resume meiosis as indicated by GV breakdown (GVBD). CCNB1 is accumulated to a threshold level to trigger the activation of maturation promoting factor (MPF), inducing the G2/M transition. It is generally recognized that the anaphase‐promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) and its cofactor CDH1 (also known as FZR1) regulates the accumulation/degradation of CCNB1. Here, by using small interfering RNA (siRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) microinjection, immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy, immunoprecipitation, time‐lapse live imaging, and immunoblotting analysis, we showed that Septin 4 regulates the G2/M transition by regulating the accumulation of CCNB1 via APC/CCDC20. Depletion of Septin 4 caused GV arrest by reducing CCNB1 accumulation. Unexpectedly, the expression level of CDC20 was higher in Septin 4 siRNA‐injected oocytes than in control oocytes, but there was no significant change in the expression level of CDH1. Importantly, the reduced GVBD after Septin 4 depletion could be rescued not only by over‐expressing CCNB1 but also could be partially rescued by depleting CDC20. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Septin 4 may play a critical role in meiotic G2/M transition by indirect regulation of CCNB1 stabilization in mouse oocytes.
Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling for Selumetinib to Evaluate Drug‐Drug Interactions and Pediatric Dose Regimens
Authors: Cohen‐Rabbie Sarit , Zhou Li , Vishwanathan Karthick , Wild Martin , Xu Sherrie , Freshwater Tomoko , Jain Lokesh , Schalkwijk Stein , Tomkinson Helen , Zhou Diansong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSelumetinib (ARRY‐142886), an oral, potent and highly selective allosteric mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 inhibitor, is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of pediatric patients aged ≥2 years with neurofibromatosis type 1 with symptomatic, inoperable plexiform neurofibromas. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was constructed to predict plasma concentration–time profiles of selumetinib, and to evaluate the impact of coadministering moderate cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4/2C19 inhibitors/inducers. The model was also used to extrapolate pharmacokinetic exposures from older children with different body surface area to guide dosing in younger children. This model was built based on physiochemical data and clinical in vivo drug‐drug interaction (DDI) studies with itraconazole and fluconazole, and verified against data from an in vivo rifampicin DDI study and an absolute bioavailability study. The pediatric model was updated by changing system‐specific input parameters using the Simcyp pediatric module. The model captured the observed selumetinib pharmacokinetic profiles and the interactions with CYP inhibitors/inducers. The predictions from the PBPK model showed a DDI effect of 30% to 40% increase or decrease in selumetinib exposure when coadministered with moderate CYP inhibitors or inducers, respectively, which was used to inform dose management and adjustments. The pediatric PBPK model was applied to simulate exposures in specific body surface area brackets that matched those achieved with a 25 mg/m2 dose in SPRINT clinical trials. The pediatric PBPK model was used to guide the dose for younger patients in a planned pediatric clinical study.
Mechanography assessment of fall risk in older adults: the Vietnam Osteoporosis Study
Authors: Hoang Duy K. , Le Nhan M. , Vo‐Thi Uyen P. , Nguyen Huy G. , Ho‐Pham Lan T. , Nguyen Tuan V. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundJumping mechanography is a technology for quantitatively assessing muscular function and balance in older adults. This study sought to define the association between jumping mechanography parameters and fall risk in Vietnamese individuals.MethodsThe study involved 375 women and 244 men aged 50 years and older, who were recruited from the general population in Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam). The individuals had been followed for 2 years. At baseline, Esslinger Fitness index (EFI), jumping power, force, velocity of lower limbs, and the ability to maintain balance were measured by a Leonardo Mechanograph Ground Reaction Force system (Novotec Medical, Pforxheim, Germany). The incidence of falls during the follow‐up period was ascertained from self‐report. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the association between jumping mechanography parameters and fall risk.ResultsThe average age of participants at baseline was 56.7 years (SD 5.85). During the 2 year follow‐up, 92 falls were reported, making the incidence of fall at ~15% [95% confidence interval (CI), 12.1 to 18.2]. The incidence of fall increased with advancing age, and women had a higher incidence than men (17.6% vs. 10.7%; P = 0.024). In univariate analysis, maximal velocity [odds ratio (OR) 0.65; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.82], maximal force (OR 0.83; 95% CI, 0.65 to 1.04), and maximal power (OR 0.68; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.88) were each significantly associated with fall risk. EFI was not significantly associated with fall risk (OR 1.09; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.39). However, in a multiple logistic regression model, greater maximum velocity was associated with lower odds of fall (OR 0.38; 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.92).ConclusionsThese data suggest that jumping mechanography is a useful tool for assessing fall risk in older adults of Vietnamese background.
The continuing role of communities affected by HIV in sustained engagement in health and rights
Authors: Caswell Georgina , Dubula Vuyiseka , Baptiste Solange , Etya’ale Helen , Syarif Omar , Barr David 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe meaningful involvement of persons affected by a disease is a unique aspect of the HIV response that places people living with (PLHIV) and those directly affected by HIV (peers) at the centre of the design, development and implementation of service delivery and research and policy making. The principle of greater involvement of PLHIV (GIPA) has and will increasingly ensure equitable access to services and engagement of marginalized groups in the HIV response, and to health services more broadly. This paper describes the history, current place in the HIV response and potential future role of PLHIV and communities in health responses.DiscussionHistorically, the role of communities of PLHIV and peers in service delivery, research and drug development, advocacy, social and political accountability, resource mobilization and social and human rights protection is well documented. Their leadership and engagement have contributed directly to improved outcomes in access to HIV treatment, prevention, support and care services around the world. Their continued and expanded role is especially important for the future success of HIV responses in sub‐Saharan Africa, where the HIV burden remains the greatest. The lessons learned from the leadership and involvement of communities of PLHIV and peers in the HIV response hold value beyond HIV responses. The models and approaches they have efficiently and effectively utilized have relevant applications in addressing shortfalls in health systems in the COVID‐19 era, as well as broader, more integrated health challenges as countries move to develop and operationalize universal health coverage (UHC). However, neither HIV nor other health and development targets can be met if their contributions are not adequately recognized, valued and funded.ConclusionsThe past three decades have demonstrated that communities of PLHIV and their peers are instrumental in sustaining engagement and advocacy for health equity and financing for health and ensuring that the human rights of all people are recognized and upheld. Quality and effective integration of health systems and UHC can be more effectively designed, implemented and sustained with communities of PLHIV and peers at the centre.
Evaluation of the climate change impact on the extreme rainfall amounts using modified method of fragments for sub‐daily rainfall disaggregation
Authors: Rafatnejad Ava , Tavakolifar Hamed , Nazif Sara 
Published: July 2021

AbstractClimate change has a dramatic effect on the hydrologic variables including extreme rainfall amounts. To evaluate the climate change effects, general circulation models (GCMs) have been developed. However, due to the daily temporal scale of GCM outputs which could be insufficient for some hydrological studies, disaggregation models are introduced. The available disaggregation models which are almost useful in producing time series of finer scale than a day, cannot accurately estimate some statistical characteristics such as extreme events. The method of fragments (MOF) is one of the disaggregation models which considers daily rainfall as the only input. In the present study, in addition to daily rainfall, other influential factors on the rainfall distribution during a day such as weather variables and sub‐daily characteristics have been considered to improve the disaggregation results especially extreme events estimation in the MOF model. The two introduced approaches have been examined for a case study in Tehran, Iran and indicated that weather variables and sub‐daily characteristics are effective in the daily rainfall disaggregation during the dry and wet seasons, respectively. These approaches seem to be much better than the basic MOF in sub‐daily rainfall disaggregation. Hence, the modified disaggregation approaches have been used to evaluate the climate change impacts on the sub‐daily rainfall distribution. The obtained results indicated an increase in the extreme value statistics such as mean and standard deviation of the 95th percentile data compared with the historical ones.