bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adsorption of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) on Oxygen‐rich Porous Carbon Materials Obtained from Glucose/Potassium Oxalate
Authors: Wang Huijun , Gao Jie , Xu Xiang , Liu Baogen , Yu Lingyun , Ren Yadong , Shi Rui , Zeng Zheng , Li Liqing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo investigate the effects of oxygen‐containing functional groups on the adsorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with different polarity, oxygen‐rich porous carbon materials (OPCs) were synthesized by heat treatment of glucose/potassium oxalate material. The carbon material had a large specific surface area (1697 m2 g−1) and a high oxygen content (18.95 at.%). OPC exhibited high adsorption capacity of toluene (309 mg g−1) and methanol (447 mg g−1). The specific surface area and total pore volume determined the adsorption capacity of toluene and methanol at the high‐pressure range, while the oxygen‐containing groups became the main factor affecting the methanol adsorption at the low‐pressure range due to the hydrogen bond interaction through the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This study provides an important hint for developing a novel O‐doped adsorbent for the VOCs adsorption applications and analyzing the role of oxygen‐containing groups in the VOCs adsorption under the low‐pressure range.
Time trends of major cancers incidence and mortality in Guangzhou, China 2004–2015: A Joinpoint and Age–Period–Cohort Analysis
Authors: Luo Ao , Dong Hang , Lin Xiao , Liao Yu , Liang Binglun , Chen Long , Lin Guozhen , Hao Yuantao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundCancer is an important focus of public health worldwide. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of temporal trends in incidence and mortality of leading cancer in Guangzhou, China from 2004 to 2015.MethodsData were collected from the population‐based registry in Guangzhou. Age‐standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age‐standardized mortality rate (ASMR) were calculated and Joinpoint regression was used for evaluating the average annual percent changes (AAPC) among the entire study period and the estimated annual percent changes (EAPC) in time segments. The effects of age, period, and birth cohort were assessed by the age–period–cohort model.ResultsThe age‐standardized incidence and mortality by the world standard population decreased significantly among males with AAPC of −1.7% (95% CI: −3.0%, 0.2%) and −2.7% (95% CI: −4.3%, −1.1%) for all malignancies during 2004–2015, while among females, the age‐standardized incidence had a non‐significant reduction with AAPC of −1.3% (95% CI: −2.8%, 0.2%) and the age‐standardized mortality demonstrated a remarkable decline (AAPC −2.0%, 95% CI: −3.6%, −0.3%). For males, the most commonly diagnosed cancers were trachea, bronchus, and lung (TBL), liver, colorectal, nasopharyngeal, stomach, and prostate cancer. For females, breast, TBL, colorectal, liver stomach, and thyroid cancer ranked the top. Unfavorable trends were observed in ASIR of colorectal, thyroid, and prostate cancer. APC models yielded different ages, periods, and birth cohort effect patterns by cancer sites.ConclusionsCancer burden remained a public health challenge in Guangzhou as the aging population and lifestyles changes, despite declines in incidence and mortality rates in some cancers. Surveillance of cancer trends contributed to valuable insights into cancer prevention and control.
Characterization of genetics in patients with mucosal melanoma treated with immune checkpoint blockade
Authors: Buchbinder Elizabeth I. , Weirather Jason L. , Manos Michael , Quattrochi Brian J. , Sholl Lynette M. , Brennick Ryan C. , Bowling Peter , Bailey Nancy , Magarace Lisa , Ott Patrick A. , Haq Rizwan , Izar Benjamin , Giobbie‐Hurder Anita , Hodi F. Stephen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMucosal melanoma is a rare form of melanoma which arises from melanocytes in the mucosal membranes and can be effectively treated with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). However, response rates in mucosal melanoma are lower than those observed for cutaneous melanomas.Targeted sequencing of up to 447 genes (OncoPanel) was performed on tumors from all mucosal melanoma patients seen at the Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute from 2011 until March 2019.We identified a total of 46 patients who received ICB with both tumor‐genotype and ICB response data available. Within this cohort of patients, 16 (35%) had durable clinical benefit (DCB) to their first line of ICB. The average mutational burden/megabase was 6.23 and did not correlate with tumor response to ICB. Patients with KIT aberrations had a higher DCB rate compared with patients with wildtype KIT (71 vs. 28%), but this was not found to be statistically significant. For comparison, we analyzed tumor genotypes from an additional 50 mucosal melanoma tumors and 189 cutaneous melanoma tumors. The most frequent mutations in mucosal melanoma were in SF3B1 (27%), KIT (18%), and NF1 (17%), a pattern that is distinct from cutaneous melanomas. In addition, there were genetic differences observed based upon the site of origin of the mucosal melanoma.Our findings explore clinical features of response in patients with mucosal melanoma treated with ICB and demonstrate a low mutational burden that does not correlate with response. In addition, the lack of significant association between the genetic aberrations tested and response to ICB indicates the need for further exploration in this patient population.
Sirtuin 2 Regulates Protein LactoylLys Modifications
Authors: Jennings Erin Q. , Ray Jason D. , Zerio Christopher J. , Trujillo Marissa N. , McDonald David M. , Chapman Eli , Spiegel David A. , Galligan James J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPost‐translational modifications (PTMs) play roles in both physiological and pathophysiological processes through the regulation of enzyme structure and function. We recently identified a novel PTM, lactoylLys, derived through a nonenzymatic mechanism from the glycolytic by‐product, lactoylglutathione. Under physiologic scenarios, glyoxalase 2 prevents the accumulation of lactoylglutathione and thus lactoylLys modifications. What dictates the site‐specificity and abundance of lactoylLys PTMs, however, remains unknown. Here, we report sirtuin 2 as a lactoylLys eraser. Using chemical biology and CRISPR‐Cas9, we show that SIRT2 controls the abundance of this PTM both globally and on chromatin. These results address a major gap in our understanding of how nonenzymatic PTMs are regulated and controlled.
Liver dysfunction associated with hyperthyroidism: Lessons from 2 Case reports
Authors: Opoku‐Akyeampong Nana Akua Afra Saarah , Agyei‐Nkansah Adwoa , Yorke Ernest 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHyperthyroidism may impact liver biochemistry negatively. Clinicians need a high index of suspicion in patients presenting with unexplained deranged liver enzymes or jaundice. Timely initiation of thionamides portends good prognosis.
Forced diuresis oriented by point‐of‐care ultrasound in cardiorenal syndrome type 5 due to light chain myeloma—The role of hepatic venogram: A case report
Authors: Galassi Andrea , Magagnoli Lorenza , Fasulo Eliana , Stucchi Andrea , Restelli Elena , Moro Alessia , Violati Martina , Cozzolino Mario 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMonitoring venous congestion by ultrasound assessment of hepatic venogram allowed individualized fluid management in severe cardiorenal syndrome type 5 due to light chain myeloma, preserving residual renal function and avoiding heart failure.
Porosity Estimation of Mesoporous TiO2‐ZnO Nanocrystalline by Artificial Neural Network Modeling
Authors: Soltani Soroush , Shojaei Taha Roodbar , Khanian Nasrin , Choong Thomas Shean Yaw , Asim Nilofar , Rashid Umer 
Published: March 2021

AbstractArtificial neural network was introduced for modeling and verifying the relative significance of operational variables to attain the best possible average pore diameter (Dp) of the mesoporous TiO2‐ZnO nanocrystalline synthesized by microwave‐assisted hydrothermal method. To optimize the system, the autonomous variables calcination temperature and concentrations of D‐glucose, polyethylene glycol, and Zn‐Ti were employed as input factors, Dp was designated as output. Dp was achieved from the implementation of the experimental model of the variables by the Barrett‐Joyner‐Halenda method. The network was trained by IBP, BBP, LM, QP, and GA algorithms as a model. The BBP‐4‐7‐1 model provided the optimum numerical properties among four other algorithms. Furthermore, the calcination temperature acted as the most efficient variable whilst D‐glucose concentration showed the least effect. By validating the microwave‐assisted hydrothermal conditions, in situ polymerization of poly(sodium 4‐styrene sulfonate) was introduced to activate mesopore walls by –SO3H functional groups used for ester production by transesterification of used cooking oil, resulting in a methyl ester content of 97.4 % and excellent reusability for ten sequential reactions without any further regeneration.
Experimental Evaluation Using Plastic Waste, Paper Waste, and Coal as Fuel in a Chemical Looping Combustion Batch Reactor
Authors: Yaqub Zainab Temitope , Oboirien Bilainu Obozokhai , Hedberg Marcus , Leion Henrik 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA comparative study of chemical looping combustion (CLC) with paper, plastic, and coal as fuel was carried out. Experiments were performed in a laboratory fluidized‐bed reactor by alternating between reduction and oxidation cycles. The results obtained indicated that a higher temperature leads to an increase in the CO2 yield and carbon conversion for all fuels. Paper had the highest fractional conversion of CO to CO2 followed by polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and coal. This was due to the higher fraction of volatiles in paper compared to PVC and coal. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the oxygen carrier particle after each of the solid fuel experiment was carried out. For the used ilmenite, there was a slight difference in the morphology for the three different fuels.
Recent Developments on the Synthesis and Biological Activities of Fused Pyrimidinone Derivatives
Authors: Seboletswe Pule , Awolade Paul , Singh Parvesh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHeterocyclic compounds constitute a unique class of organic compounds endowed with a wide range of synthetic and pharmaceutical applications. Pyrimidinones and their fused analogues have received focused attention in this regard, partly due to their mimicry of nucleobases which consequently forges their interesting medicinal properties. Over the years, the medicinal chemistry research community has experienced an upsurge in articles describing the exploration of these scaffolds to develop effective therapeutic agents. Several biological activities, including antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti‐inflammatory, anticonvulsive, and antihistaminic, have been well documented. This minireview presents a compendium of recent developments (2017–2020) focused on the synthesis and biological activities of fused pyrimidinones. The goal is to update medicinal chemists on the therapeutic relevance of fused pyrimidinones and the molecular architecture of clinic‐worthy drug candidates. A brief account of the structure‐activity relationships (SAR) revealed from different biological assays is also discussed.
Distinct burst properties contribute to the functional diversity of thalamic nuclei
Authors: Desai Nidhi Vasant , Varela Carmen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThalamic neurons fire spikes in two modes, burst and tonic. The function of burst firing is unclear, but the evidence suggests that bursts are more effective at activating cortical cells, and that postinhibition rebound bursting contributes to thalamocortical oscillations during sleep. Bursts are considered stereotyped signals; however, there is limited evidence regarding how burst properties compare across thalamic nuclei of different functional or anatomical organization. Here, we used whole‐cell patch clamp recordings and compartmental modeling to investigate the properties of bursts in six sensory thalamic nuclei, to study the mechanisms that can lead to different burst properties, and to assess the implications of different burst properties for thalamocortical transmission and oscillatory functions. We found that bursts in higher‐order cells on average had higher number of spikes and longer latency to the first spike. Additionally, burst features in first‐order neurons were determined by sensory modality. Shifting the voltage‐dependence and density of the T‐channel conductance in a compartmental model replicates the burst properties from the intracellular recordings, pointing to molecular mechanisms that can generate burst diversity. Furthermore, the model predicts that bursts with higher number of spikes will drastically reduce the effectiveness of thalamocortical transmission. In addition, the latency to burst limited the rebound oscillatory frequency in modeled cells. These results demonstrate that burst properties vary according to the thalamocortical hierarchy and with sensory modality. The findings imply that, while in burst mode, thalamocortical transmission and firing frequency will be determined by the number of spikes and latency to burst.
Hyperpolarization Effects in Parahydrogen Activation with Pnictogen Biradicaloids: Metal‐free PHIP and SABRE
Authors: Zhivonitko Vladimir V. , Beer Henrik , Zakharov Danila O. , Bresien Jonas , Schulz Axel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBiradicaloids attract attention as a novel class of reagents that can activate small molecules such as H2, ethylene and CO2. Herein, we study activation of parahydrogen (nuclear spin‐0 isomer of H2) by a number of 4‐ and 5‐membered pnictogen biradicaloids based on hetero‐cyclobutanediyl [X(μ‐NTer)2Z] and hetero‐cyclopentanediyl [X(μ‐NTer)2ZC(NDmp)] moieties (X,Z=P,As; Ter=2,6‐Mes2−C6H3, Dmp=2,6‐Me2−C6H3). The concerted mechanism of this reaction allowed observing strong nuclear spin hyperpolarization effects in 1H and 31P NMR experiments. Signal enhancements from two to four orders of magnitude were detected at 9.4 T depending on the structure. It is demonstrated that 4‐membered biradicaloids activate H2 reversibly, leading to SABRE (signal amplification by reversible exchange) hyperpolarization of biradicaloids themselves and their H2 adducts. In contrast, the 5‐membered counterparts demonstrate rather irreversible parahydrogen activation resulting in hyperpolarized H2 adducts only. Kinetic measurements provided parameters to support experimental observations.
Aqueous Rechargeable Zn‐ion Batteries: Strategies for Improving the Energy Storage Performance
Authors: Mallick Sourav , Raj C. Retna 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe growing demand for the renewable energy storage technologies stimulated the quest for efficient energy storage devices. In recent years, the rechargeable aqueous zinc‐based battery technologies are emerging as a compelling alternative to the lithium‐based batteries owing to safety, eco‐friendliness, and cost‐effectiveness. Among the zinc‐based energy devices, rechargeable zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are drawing considerable attention. However, they are plagued with several issues, including cathode dissolution, dendrite formation, etc.. Despite several efforts in the recent past, ZIBs are still in their infant stages and have yet to reach the stage of large‐scale production. Finding stable Zn2+ intercalation cathode material with high operating voltage and long cycling stability as well as dendrite‐free Zn anode is the main challenge in the development of efficient zinc‐ion storage devices. This Review discusses the various strategies, in terms of the engineering of cathode, anode and electrolyte, adopted for improving the charge storage performance of ZIBs and highlights the recent ZIB technological innovations. A brief account on the history of zinc‐based devices and various cathode materials tested for ZIB fabrication in the last five years are also included. The main focus of this Review is to provide a detailed account on the rational engineering of the electrodes, electrolytes, and separators for improving the charge storage performance with a future perspective to achieving high energy density and long cycling stability and large‐scale production for practical application.
Designing efficient soil resistivity measurement technique for agricultural wireless sensor network
Authors: Parashar Vivek , Mishra Bharat 
Published: March 2021

SummaryThis paper presents the study and method for measuring the electrical properties of the agricultural soil using a wireless sensor network to counter the dynamic changes in electrical properties of soils under variable rainfall and flood conditions. Soil moisture and nutrients can be correlated with the resistance of soil, which is the essential electrical property of the soil. Resistivity can help us to classify different agricultural soil types and can be used for real‐time monitoring of crop fields. The diverse resistivity soil patterns may help to classify the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. In our research work, we have taken soil from different districts of Madhya Pradesh state and classified it based on resistivity. We have also designed a low‐cost resistivity sensor module with a mathematical justification of the results. The new sensor module has been tested on different soil samples of Madhya Pradesh, and wireless sensor network (WSN) has been proposed to collect and process the data for application in the agriculture fields. The paper also describes the challenges and the various methodologies for the measurement of soil resistivity and moisture using the Internet of Things (IoT) architecture.
Serum‐ and glucocorticoid‐inducible kinase 1 promotes insulin resistance in adipocytes via degradation of insulin receptor substrate 1
Authors: Zhang Min , Chen Huan , Liu Meng‐si , Zhu Ke‐ying , Hao Yan , Zhu Da‐long , Li Ping 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsAccumulating evidence indicates that serum‐ and glucocorticoid‐inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) plays a role in the development of metabolic syndrome via a poorly understood mechanism. This study aimed to investigate the direct effect of SGK1 on insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue.Materials and methodsWe ectopically expressed or silenced SGK1 in adipocytes via lentiviral transfection, measured glucose uptake and evaluated insulin signalling using western blotting. In vivo insulin resistance was measured at the whole‐body and adipose tissue levels in db/db mice treated with an inhibitor of SGK1.ResultsAfter 8 weeks of SGK1 inhibitor treatment, the serum insulin level and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index were significantly decreased, and AKT phosphorylation in adipose tissue was enhanced in db/db mice. Overexpression of constitutively active SGK1 in adipocytes in vitro decreased AKT phosphorylation and insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake. Dexamethasone and oleic acid increased SGK1 expression and decreased AKT phosphorylation and insulin receptor substrate expression in adipocytes. Administration of an inhibitor of SGK1 or Lv‐shSGK1 reversed the suppression of insulin signalling induced by dexamethasone and oleic acid. SGK1 overexpression increased FoxO1 phosphorylation, and administration of Lv‐shSGK1 reversed an increase in FoxO1 phosphorylation induced by dexamethasone and oleic acid.ConclusionsThus, SGK1 mediates the effect of glucocorticoids and high‐fat feeding and induces insulin resistance in adipocytes. Our data suggest that SGK1 is a possible therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome and related complications.
Color pan traps often catch less when there are more flowers around
Authors: Westerberg Lars , Berglund Hilda‐Linn , Jonason Dennis , Milberg Per 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWhen assessing changes in populations of species, it is essential that the methods used to collect data have some level of precision and preferably also good accuracy. One commonly used method to collect pollinators is colour pan traps, but this method has been suggested to be biased by the abundance of surrounding flowers. The present study evaluated the relationship between pan trap catches and the frequency of flowers on small (25 m2) and large (2–6 ha) spatial scales. If pan traps work well, one should assume a positive relationship, that is, more insects caught when they have more food. However, in contrast, we found that catches in pan traps were often negatively affected by flower frequency. Among the six taxa evaluated, the negative bias was largest in Vespoidea and Lepturinae, while there was no bias in solitary Apoidea (Cetoniidae, Syrphidae and social Apoidea were intermediate). Furthermore, red flowers seemed to contribute most to the negative bias. There was also a tendency that the negative bias differed within the flight season and that it was higher when considering the large spatial scale compared to the small one. To conclude, pan trap catches may suffer from a negative bias due to surrounding flower frequency and color. The occurrence and magnitude of the negative bias were context and taxon dependent, and therefore difficult to adjust for. Thus, pan traps seem less suited to evaluate differences between sites and the effect of restoration, when gradients in flower density are large. Instead, it seems better suited to monitor population changes within sites, and when gradients are small.
Reproductive character displacement and potential underlying drivers in a species‐rich and florally diverse lineage of tropical angiosperms (Ruellia; Acanthaceae)
Authors: Tripp Erin A. , Dexter Kyle G. , Stone Heather B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractReproductive character displacement is a pattern whereby sympatric lineages diverge more in reproductive character morphology than allopatric lineages. This pattern has been observed in many plant species, but comparably few have sought to disentangle underlying mechanisms. Here, in a diverse lineage of Neotropical plants (Ruellia; Acanthaceae), we present evidence of reproductive character displacement in a macroevolutionary framework (i.e., among species) and document mechanistic underpinnings. In a series of interspecific hand pollinations in a controlled glasshouse environment, we found that crosses between species that differed more in overall flower size, particularly in style length, were significantly less likely to produce viable seeds. Further, species pairs that failed to set seed were more likely to have sympatric distributions in nature. Competition for pollinators and reinforcement to avoid costly interspecific mating could both result in these patterns and are not mutually exclusive processes. Our results add to growing evidence that reproductive character displacement contributes to exceptional floral diversity of angiosperms.