bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low host specificity and broad geographical ranges in a community of parasitic non‐pollinating fig wasps (Sycoryctinae; Chalcidoidea)
Authors: Deng Xiaoxia , Chen Lianfu , Tian Enwei , Zhang Dayong , Wattana Tanming , Yu Hui , Kjellberg Finn , Segar Simon T. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Plants, phytophagous insects and their parasitoids form the most diverse assemblages of macroscopic organisms on earth. Enclosed assemblages in particular represent a tractable system for studying community assembly and diversification. Communities associated with widespread plant species are especially suitable as they facilitate a comparative approach. Pantropical fig‐wasp communities represent a remarkably well‐replicated system, ideal for studying these historical processes.

We expect high dispersal ability in non‐pollinating fig wasps to result in lower geographical turnover in comparison to pollinating fig wasps. The ability of non‐pollinating wasps to utilise a number of hosts (low host specificity) is a key determinant of overall geographical range, with intraspecific competition becoming a constraining factor should diet breadth overlap among species. Finally, we expect conserved community structure throughout the host range. We aim to test these expectations, derived from population genetic and community studies, using the multi‐trophic insect community associated with Ficus hirta throughout its 3,500 km range across continental and insular Asia.

We collect molecular evidence from one coding mitochondrial gene, one non‐coding nuclear gene and multiple microsatellites across 25 geographical sites. Using these data, we establish species boundaries, determine levels of host specificity among non‐pollinating fig wasps and quantify geographical variation in community composition.

We find low host specificity in two genera of non‐pollinating fig wasps. Functional community structure is largely conserved across the range of the host fig, despite limited correspondence between the ranges of non‐pollinator and pollinator species. While nine pollinators are associated with Ficus hirta, the two non‐pollinator tribes developing in its figs each contained only four species.

Contrary to predictions, we find stronger isolation by distance in non‐pollinators than pollinators. Long‐lived non‐pollinators may disperse more gradually and be less reliant on infrequent long‐distance dispersal by wind currents. Segregation among non‐pollinating species across their range is suggestive of competitive exclusion and we propose that this may be a result of increased levels of local adaptation and moderate, but regular, rates of dispersal. Our findings provide one more example of lack of strict codiversification in the geographical diversification of plant‐associated insect communities.
Everything lies in a space: cultural data and spatial reality
Authors: Seaver Nick 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis essay examines the use of spatializing techniques for analysing cultural data, drawing on fieldwork with developers of music recommender systems in the United States. Comparing these practices with related analytic techniques developed by post‐war cognitive anthropologists, it explores three broad topics: how such techniques engender a sense of continuous, enveloping milieu from discrete and often sparse data; how spatialization is used to grant culture a kind of reality rooted in pragmatic action and scientific quantification; and how spatial representations of culture are essentially anticipatory for the people who make them, transforming the near future into the nearby.
The role of environmental temperature on movement patterns of giant anteaters
Authors: GIROUX Aline , ORTEGA Zaida , BERTASSONI Alessandra , DESBIEZ Arnaud Léonard Jean , KLUYBER Danilo , MASSOCATO Gabriel Favero , DE MIRANDA Guilherme , MOURÃO Guilherme , SURITA Luciana , ATTIAS Nina , BIANCHI Rita de Cassia , GASPAROTTO Vinícius Peron de Oliveira , OLIVEIRA‐SANTOS Luiz Gustavo Rodrigues 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMammals can show conspicuous behavioral responses to thermal variation, including changes in movement patterns. We used an integrative approach to understand how environmental temperature can drive the movement behavior of a mammal with low capacity for physiological thermoregulation, the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla). We tracked 52 giant anteaters in 7 areas throughout the Brazilian savannah. We estimated the distance moved, area used, use of forest areas, and mean environmental temperature for each monitoring day of each individual. We modeled these data with Mixed Structural Equations — considering the possible interactions between our variables and controlling for sex and body mass. Giant anteaters reduced displacement and increased forest use with decreasing environmental temperature, probably because of their low body heat production. It is possible that they reduce distance moved and area used by reducing the duration of activity. With decreasing temperature, forest habitats become warmer than open ones, besides buffer rain and chilly winds. Reducing displacement and using forests are important strategies to reduce body heat loss and the energetic costs of thermoregulation. However, decreasing movement can limit food access and, consequently, fitness. Therefore, we highlight the importance of forests as thermal shelters. With increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, we showed the need to preserve forest patches to offer suitable conditions for tropical mammals’ behavioral thermoregulation. In this context, policies favoring deforestation on Brazilian territory are especially worrisome. Finally, we emphasize the need of integrative approaches to understand the complex interactions between organisms and the environment.
Regulation and accreditation of addictive behaviour applications—navigating the landscape
Authors: Khadjesari Zarnie , Brown Tracey , Naughton Felix 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundmHealth applications (apps) for addictive behaviours offer widespread provision of digital support, with particular benefits for stigmatized groups and those with poor access to treatment services. Regulation and accreditation may encourage the uptake and use of evidence‐based addictive behaviour apps, yet this is a complex and confusing landscape. We navigate international regulatory and accreditation guidance, explore some of the implementation challenges and provide implications for app developers, health‐care professionals and app users.AnalysisWe explore the classification of health and wellbeing, blended support and clinical therapy apps as medical devices by country to help readers navigate the complexity of the guidance. We describe an addictive behaviour app classified as a medical device and explore the innovative approaches to regulation that are currently emerging. We discuss the use of curated on‐line app libraries that adhere to thresholds for characteristics such as quality, user satisfaction or effectiveness, which we hope will become the starting‐point in the search for suitable apps, rather than commercial app stores. We also explore the ethical concerns associated with apps and how curated libraries address these.ConclusionsInternational regulation of applications as medical devices varies across countries and would benefit from standardization in a simple, usable and transparent format. Efforts to provide accreditation of non‐medical device applications are also variable, and public bodies provide mixed messages concerning endorsement. Health‐care professionals and users are encouraged to use accredited applications for addictive behaviours where they exist, or explore other forms of digital intervention with a stronger evidence base.
Trends in MDMA‐related mortality across four countries
Authors: Roxburgh Amanda , Sam Bulent , Kriikku Pirkko , Mounteney Jane , Castanera Antonio , Dias Mario , Giraudon Isabelle 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsTo determine trends in 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)‐related death rates across Australia, Finland, Portugal and Turkey and to analyse the toxicology and causes of death across countries.DesignAnalysis of MDMA‐related deaths extracted from a national coronial database in Australia (2001–19) and national forensic toxicology databases in Finland (2001–17), Portugal (2008–19) and Turkey (2007–17). Presentation of MDMA use and seizure data (market indicators).SettingAustralia, Finland, Portugal and Turkey.CasesAll deaths in which MDMA was considered by the forensic pathologist to be contributory to death.MeasurementsInformation collected on cause and circumstances of death, demographics and toxicology.FindingsA total of 1400 MDMA‐related deaths were identified in Turkey, 507 in Australia, 100 in Finland and 45 in Portugal. The median age ranged from 24 to 27.5 years, and males represented between 81 and 94% of the deaths across countries. Standardized mortality rates significantly increased across all four countries from 2011 to 2017 during a period of increased purity and availability of MDMA. The underlying cause of death was predominantly due to drug toxicity in Australia (n = 309, 61%), Finland (n = 70, 70%) and Turkey (n = 840, 60%) and other causes in Portugal (n = 25, 56%). Minorities of all deaths across the countries were due to MDMA toxicity alone (13–25%). These deaths had a significantly higher blood MDMA concentration than multiple drug toxicity deaths in Australia, Finland and Turkey. Drugs other than MDMA commonly detected were stimulants (including cocaine, amphetamine and methamphetamine) (Australia 52% and Finland 61%) and alcohol (Australia 46% and Portugal 49%). In addition to MDMA toxicity, benzodiazepines (81%) and opioids (64%) were commonly identified in these deaths in Finland. In comparison, synthetic cannabinoids (15%) and cannabis (33%) were present in a minority of deaths in Turkey.ConclusionsDeaths related to 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) increased in Australia, Finland, Portugal and Turkey between 2011 and 2017. Findings show MDMA toxicity alone can be fatal, but multiple drug toxicity remains more prevalent.
All‐male production by marker‐assisted selection for sex determining loci of admixed Oreochromis niloticus and Oreochromis aureus stocks
Authors: Curzon A. Y. , Shirak A. , Zak T. , Dor L. , Benet‐Perlberg A. , Naor A. , Low‐Tanne S. I. , Sharkawi H. , Ron M. , Seroussi E. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryCrossing Oreochromis niloticus (On) females with Oreochromis aureus (Oa) males results in all‐male progeny that are essential for effective tilapia farming. However, a reproductive barrier between these species limits mating and mass‐fry production. One approach to overcoming this barrier is to select parental stocks of mixed genetic backgrounds, which allow interspecific reproductive recognition, while closely maintaining the genetic profiles for sex‐determination (SD) of the respective purebred species. Here, we test this approach in a data set of 160 On × Oa spawns of 109 male and 100 female parents randomly collected from admixed stocks, and genotyped for microsatellite markers representing the known SD loci on linkage groups (LGs) 1, 3, and 23. Following crossbreeding, the most significant paternal effects on male proportions in progeny were found for LG1‐BYL018 (P < 2 × 10−32) and for LG3‐UNH168 × LG23‐UNH898 interaction (P < 1 × 10−17; R2 = 0.98). Furthermore, a maternal effect for LG3‐UNH168 (P < 9 × 10−7) was associated with low female proportions in progeny (<7%), indicating a non‐Mendelian effect on SD. Eighty‐four males (77%) and 30 females (30%) were selected as parents, based on their genetic profiles for the SD loci that were associated with male production. Of these, 51 of 53 crosses produced all‐male progeny, while two crosses had low female proportions in their progeny (<4%). This suggests that selection could be improved using the causative sequence variation underlying SD on LG3, since the large non‐recombining block of the SD region in purebred Oa readily breaks down in hybrids. Nevertheless, marker‐assisted selection for sex determining loci of admixed parental stocks may be used for all‐male production.
Brief Report: The Impact of COVID‐19 on Emergency Department Overdose Diagnoses and County Overdose Deaths
Authors: Shreffler Jacob , Shoff Hugh , Thomas J. Jeremy , Huecker Martin 
Published: March 2021

Background and ObjectivesWe sought to understand the impact of COVID‐19 on emergency department (ED) overdoses and county coroner verified overdose deaths.MethodsElectronic medical health record and county coroner data were gathered and comparisons were made between three 16‐week time periods. In the three time periods, 873 individuals had an overdose diagnosis in the ED and 440 individuals in the county died of drug overdose.ResultsWhile total ED patient volume decreased substantially, the number of ED overdose patients increased between March 6 and June 25, 2020. Furthermore, during this same period, coroner data revealed an increase in overdose deaths.Conclusion and Scientific SignificanceThis preliminary evidence provides a key insight into the impact of COVID‐19 on both overdose presentations to the ED and county overdose deaths. These results emphasize the critical need for increasing vigilance to prevent overdose by continuously developing and optimizing both accessible and quality treatment as we navigate through this pandemic and its ongoing effects on persons with substance use disorder. (Am J Addict 2021;00:00–00)
Blood transfusion following major orthopaedic surgery in cerebral palsy: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Lu Matthias Z. H. , Reid Susan M. , Lundine Kristopher , Crighton Gemma 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundProgressive musculoskeletal pathology is ubiquitous among children with cerebral palsy (CP). Corrective surgery places them at risk of major blood loss and red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. Significant variability exists in uptake of perioperative patient blood management (PBM) strategies. This study aimed to examine factors contributing to RBC transfusion and assist in future development of care pathways.MethodsA retrospective review at a tertiary paediatric hospital was undertaken to identify patients with CP undergoing either primary spinal fusion or single event, multilevel surgery (SEMLS) between 2010 and 2015. Solely soft tissue procedures were excluded. Data collected included demographics, Gross Motor Function Classification System level, surgical details, perioperative PBM and transfusion rates. Univariable analysis was performed to assess contributing factors to RBC transfusion.ResultsA total of 36 spinal fusion and 98 SEMLS patients were included. Preoperatively, 12% were anaemic, but only 19% had a ferritin checked. Overall, 49 patients (37%) received RBC transfusions. Intraoperative usage of tranexamic acid and cell salvage was 89% and 81%, respectively, for the spine cohort, and 22% and 3% for the SEMLS cohort. Successively higher Gross Motor Function Classification System levels, sodium valproate usage, longer surgical times, spinal fusion, pelvis instrumentation and more osteotomies were associated with RBC transfusion.ConclusionMore than one‐third of CP patients who underwent major orthopaedic surgery received RBC transfusion. As expected, the more severely affected patients undergoing longer procedures were at highest risk. Significant improvements can be made in PBM to help optimize patients for surgery and minimize the need for transfusion.
Sparse linear discriminant analysis for multiview structured data
Authors: Safo Sandra E. , Min Eun Jeong , Haine Lillian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractClassification methods that leverage the strengths of data from multiple sources (multiview data) simultaneously have enormous potential to yield more powerful findings than two‐step methods: association followed by classification. We propose two methods, sparse integrative discriminant analysis (SIDA), and SIDA with incorporation of network information (SIDANet), for joint association and classification studies. The methods consider the overall association between multiview data, and the separation within each view in choosing discriminant vectors that are associated and optimally separate subjects into different classes. SIDANet is among the first methods to incorporate prior structural information in joint association and classification studies. It uses the normalized Laplacian of a graph to smooth coefficients of predictor variables, thus encouraging selection of predictors that are connected. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods on a set of synthetic datasets and explore their use in identifying potential nontraditional risk factors that discriminate healthy patients at low versus high risk for developing atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease in 10 years. Our findings underscore the benefit of joint association and classification methods if the goal is to correlate multiview data and to perform classification.
Parents’ experiences of care offered after stillbirth: An international online survey of high and middle‐income countries
Authors: Horey Dell , Boyle Frances M. , Cassidy Jillian , Cassidy Paul Richard , Erwich Jan Jaap H. M. , Gold Katherine J. , Gross Mechthild M. , Heazell Alexander E. P. , Leisher Susannah Hopkins , Murphy Margaret , Ravaldi Claudia , Siassakos Dimitrios , Storey Claire , Vannacci Alfredo , Wojcieszek Aleena , Flenady Vicki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundStillbirth, the death of a baby before birth, is associated with significant psychological and social consequences that can be mitigated by respectful and supportive bereavement care. The absence of high‐level evidence to support the broad scope of perinatal bereavement practices means that offering a range of options identified as valued by parents has become an important indicator of care quality. This study aimed to describe bereavement care practices offered to parents across different high‐income and middle‐income countries.MethodsAn online survey of parents of stillborn babies was conducted between December 2014 and February 2015. Frequencies of nine practices were compared between high‐income and middle‐income countries. Differences in proportions of reported practices and their associated odds ratios were calculated to compare high‐income and middle‐income countries.ResultsOver three thousand parents (3041) with a self‐reported stillbirth in the preceding five years from 40 countries responded. Fifteen countries had atleast 40 responses. Significant differences in the prevalence of offering nine bereavement care practices were reported by women in high‐income countries (HICs) compared with women in middle‐income countries (MICs). All nine practices were reported to occur significantly more frequently by women in HICs, including opportunity to see and hold their baby (OR = 4.8, 95% CI 4.0‐5.9). The widespread occurrence of all nine practices was reported only for The Netherlands.ConclusionsBereavement care after stillbirth varies between countries. Future research should look at why these differences occur, their impact on parents, and whether differences should be addressed, particularly how to support effective communication, decision‐making, and follow‐up care.
The hers and his of prosociality across 10 countries
Authors: Olsson Maria I. T. , Froehlich Laura , Dorrough Angela R. , Martiny Sarah E. 
Published: March 2021

Is there a ‘more helpful’ gender? The present research assessed gender differences in prosocial self‐perceptions, prosocial behavioural intentions, and prosocial (transfer) behaviour in same‐ and other‐gender interactions in 10 countries (N = 1,915). The present results showed negligible differences in the degree to which women and men saw themselves as prosocial. However, larger gender differences emerged in regard to prosocial behavioural intentions and prosocial (transfer) behaviours across different help contexts (i.e., same‐ vs. other‐gender interactions). In a hypothetical work scenario, women reported greater prosocial behavioural intentions than men when the recipient of the help was of the same gender. In contrast, when the recipient of the help was of the other gender, men reported greater prosocial behavioural intentions than women. In addition, men transferred more than women to both same‐ and other‐gender interaction partners in a prisoner’s dilemma game. Taken together, the present findings suggest that there is no ‘more helpful’ gender. Instead, gender differences in prosociality are dynamic and contextual. Different theoretical perspectives are taken into consideration in discussing gender differences in the present research.
Recent trend of androgen deprivation therapy in newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients: Comparing between high‐ and middle‐income Asian countries
Authors: Lim Jasmine , Onozawa Mizuki , Saad Marniza , Ong Teng Aik ,   The A‐CaP (Asian Prostate Cancer) Study,   J‐CaP (Japan Prostate Cancer Study Group),   M‐CaP (Malaysia Prostate Cancer Study Group), Malek Rohan , Akaza Hideyuki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe number of newly diagnosed prostate cancer cases varies across Asia, with higher mortality‐to‐incidence ratio reported in developing nations. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), alone or in combination, remains the mainstay of first‐line treatment for advanced prostate cancer. Key findings of extensive research and randomized controlled trials have shaped current clinical practice and influenced clinical guideline recommendations. We describe here the recent trend of ADT in newly diagnosed prostate cancer for Asia focusing on Japan (high‐income country) and Malaysia (middle‐income country) based on the Asian Prostate Cancer (A‐CaP) Study. The combination of radiotherapy and ADT or ADT alone was common in patients with intermediate‐to‐high risk localized and locally advanced disease. For metastatic prostate cancer, maximum androgen blockade (gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone [GnRH] agonist/antagonist plus antiandrogen) was prevalent among the Japanese patients while primary ADT alone with GnRH agonist/antagonist was widely practiced in the Malaysian cohort. Upfront combined therapy (ADT plus docetaxel or androgen receptor pathway inhibitor) has significantly improved the outcomes of patients with metastatic castration‐naïve prostate cancer. Its application, however, remains low in our cohorts due to patients’ financial capacity and national health insurance coverage. Early detection remains the cornerstone in prostate cancer control to improve treatment outcome and patient survival.
Differentiation of Hodgkin lymphoma cells by reactive oxygen species and regulation by heme oxygenase‐1 through HIF‐1α
Authors: Nakashima Makoto , Watanabe Mariko , Nakano Kazumi , Uchimaru Kaoru , Horie Ryouichi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe previously indicated that Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) cells contain a small side population (SP) that differentiate into a large major population (MP) with giant Hodgkin and Reed‐Sternberg (H and RS)‐like cells. However, its molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we found that intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) are low in the SP compared to the MP. Hydrogen peroxide induces large H‐ and RS‐like cells in HL cell lines, but induces cell death in unrelated lymphoid cell lines. Microarray analyses revealed the enrichment of upregulated genes under hypoxic conditions in the SP compared to the MP, and we verified that the SP cells are hypoxic. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)‐1α was preferentially expressed in the SP. CoCl2, a HIF‐1α stabilizer, blunted the effect of hydrogen peroxide. Heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), a scavenger of ROS, was triggered by HIF‐1α. The effect of hydrogen peroxide was inhibited by HO‐1 induction, whereas it was promoted by HO‐1 knockdown. HO‐1 inhibition by zinc protoporphyrin promoted the differentiation and increased ROS. These results stress the unique roles of ROS in the differentiation of HL cells. Immature HL cells are inhibited from differentiation by a reduction of ROS through the induction of HO‐1 via HIF‐1α. The breakdown of this might cause the accumulation of intracellular ROS, resulting in the promotion of HL cell differentiation.