bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic Segmentation of outer edges of retinal layers in OCT scan images using Eikonal Equation
Authors: Mittal Praveen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive diagnostic method specially used in retinal as it the most sensitive organs among human parts. It uses low coherence light waves to render the cross-section view of the retina in micrometer resolution. In the analysis of a retinal anomaly, the sectional visualization proves to be an immensely powerful mechanism. For prior detection of retinal diseases, slicing of the required portion from the dataset images into definite layers is a necessary step. It helps to map and measure their thickness. These measurements help with the diagnosis and provide proper guidance for the treatment of diseases of the retina.In this work, we are taking an account of calculating the precise geodesic distance approach for the OCT segmentation of images in two-dimensional spaces. The technique we are using takes into account horizontal and vertical intensity variation and get onto a weighted geodesic distance. By applying the fast marching approach on the Eikonal equation, this work is calculating the shortest path. Although the proposed Geodesic distance method using the Eikonal equation is a bit complex method it outperforms graph as well as other techniques in portraying precisely the retinal layers.
A Combined Sudoku and Synthetic Colour Image Techniques for Cryptographic Key Generation
Authors: Manikandan C , Sai Siva Satwik K , Smarani T M , Umamaheshwari P 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The exchange of sensitive digital information has increased significantly in the last decade due to the internet’s growth and availability. More robust encryption techniques were introduced to secure the data-in-transit and data-at-rest. The strength of these encryption algorithms depends on the keys. Keys are generated using Pseudorandom Number Generators (PRNG). The key generation algorithm defines these PRNGs. Although there are many robust key generation algorithms, there is a demand for new key generation algorithms to break hackers’ experience and knowledge. This paper proposed a new key generation algorithm using value generated from sudoku matrices and synthetic color image. 8 × 8 sudoku matrices are generated randomly for each session. These sudoku matrices are solved using backtracking and recursive programming. The solved sudoku matrices are used to extract bits from pixels of the synthetic color image. The extracted bits are then combined to form a key. Further, randomness in the key is tested using the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology).
Geospatial Survey Analysis for 3D Field and Building Mapping using DJI Drone and Intelligent Flight Battery
Authors: Zakiyyatuddin Azka , Evita Maria , Srigutomo Wahyu , Meilano Irwan , Djamal Mitra 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Geospatial industry undergoes revolution for every few years. The industry used total stations, GPS, and robotics for the past mapping method. Now, professionals around the world are using drones for mapping which boast quick data collection times, excellent accuracy, and safe operator experience. However, the method for making a 3D map of field and buildings are different. For making a 3D model of buildings, drone must collect the data of buildings by orbiting each of the building. Surveyor will need more time and effort to make a 3D map of buildings than field in the same quality. Therefore, professionals have to make an effective plan to survey different kinds of region. For this research, we used DJI Phantom 4 Pro which has the intelligent Lithium Ion Polymer Battery with the capacity of 5350 mAh. Using the drone, we used different kinds of grid plans to collect map data of regions with buildings and a sport field in Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia. A 3D modelling software is being used to construct an orthophoto and 3D model of the surveyed region which results error data of 3-5 m. According to this research, we can survey about 111.180 m2 area with 0.045m/px resolution using only one battery by the overlap image of 80% We believe these flight plans can inspire researcher and professionals of geospatial to develop other plans for bigger survey application.
Photogrammetry using Intelligent-Battery UAV in Different Weather for Volcano Early Warning System Application
Authors: Evita M , Zakiyyatuddin A , Srigutomo W , Aminah N S , Meilano I , Djamal M 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe have developed a new volcano early warning system based on sensor node, internet of things (IoT) and UAV to overcome some problems in Indonesian volcano monitoring system. Data (monitored by sensor node) transmission and communication is managed by the IoT while UAV is used for remote sensing data to complete the system to predict the geological status of the volcano. An intelligent-battery UAV is needed for this purpose which manage the power utilization for field application. First stage of the remote sensing process is volcano region mapping for constructing an orthophoto before it is combined with field sensor data. Therefore, we have conducted a laboratory experiment to map some region in ITB, Bandung in different weather as real volcano condition. We have constructed day, night, sunny and cloudy maps of ITB after some data collected through flight and control plan as real volcano environment. Some grid flight plans were chosen for expected result as well as battery saving for each 5 meters data collection. A 3D software has been used for modelling of the orthophoto construction and resulted in 0 – 8 meters error of 20000 – 24000 m2monitored area. Therefore, this method could be used in real volcano application.
The RCCS Thermal Analysis during the Station Blackout Accident of RDE
Authors: Kusumastuti R. , Sriyono  , Tjahjono Hendro , Setiadipura Topan , Pancoko M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
RDE is designed based on HTGR technologies; it has an active, passive and inherent safety system. Defence in depth philosophy is conducted. The heat transferred from the reactor vessel to the structure of the containment is equipment in the RDE has a name is a reactor cavity cooling system (RCCS). During normal operation and protecting the reactor containment structure in the event of failure of all active cooling systems, the RCCS designed to take fulfill this role by preserving the vessel reactor under the maximum allowable temperature. Concerning heat dissipation design, RCCS assessment and resolution are considered as major factors in determining the maximum power level of heat dissipation. Active and passive mode is the equipment on RDE RCCS. This paper discusses the calculation of RCCS thermal analysis during the station blackout (SBO) accident. SBO occurred and the heat removal is conducted by RCCS when all of the active cooling systems were failed. Conditions will be safe if the RPV temperature must be maintained below 65°C. There is no electricity from diesel generator supplied to the primer compressor, it will the SBO accident. The methodology used is based on the calculation mathematical model of the pebble bed modular reactor heat transfer capability of the RCCS in the passive mode. The passive mode works during the failure of active mode, and the heat is released through the cavity by natural convection. The RCCS is capable to withdraw the heat at 50.54 kW per hour and keep the reactor pressure vessel temperature below 65°C at normal operation and below 125°C during the station blackout.
The photothermal effect of polypyrrole modified gold nanoparticles on SKOV-3 cells using SEM and AFM
Authors: Liu C Z , Huang Y X , Zhao C R , Wang Z B 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Nanotechnology and its application are widely used in the field of life, human exploration of life science has entered the nano level, which is of great significance for exploring the essence of cellular life. This paper explores the changes in the mechanical characteristics of tumor cells after the photothermal effect of nanomaterials. The experiments used AFM and SEM to measure and observe SKOV-3 cells before and after the treatment. It was found that the cell height, morphology, cell adhesion, and Young’s modulus had significantly changed. In the PPy-GNPs+Laser group, the adhesion force value was 3.57±1.25 nN, and Young’s modulus was 27.4±2.47 kPa. From the data, a 53.9% increase in Yong’s modulus of laser test PPy-GNPs as compared with the control group. It shows that the photothermal effect of nanoparticles has an important effect on the changes of cell ultrastructure, which has important significance for explaining the changes of cell physiological functions from the perspective of cell mechanics.
Analysis on magnetic control stud welding device with the open-close Structure
Authors: Zhu L , Wu J H , Kong L C , Ye X D , Wang R C 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Arc stud welding is widely used to fix joints like studs, screws, pins, or similar elements on various products. The main defects in the process of large diameter stud welding are arc offset and non-uniform melting. In order to solve the problems, which seriously affect the installation strength of stud, the magnetic confinement device with the open-close structure is used to improve the quality of stud welding. An open-close magnetic confinement device suitable for robotic stud welding system is designed to create rotatable magnetic field. Rotating magnetic field can drive arc deflection. The magnetic field produced by magnetic confinement device is simulated. The distribution and intensity of magnetic field is analyzed. The influence of the design parameters of magnetic confinement device on the magnetic field is studied. According to the practicability and the size limitation of the magnetic confinement device, the appropriate parameters are selected. The prototype of the magnetic confinement device is tested by stud welding. The results show that the open-closed magnetic confinement device designed with reasonable parameters has good inhibitory effect on the arc offset.
Effect of Inversion Asymmetry on Quantum Confinement of Dirac Semimetal Cd3As2
Authors: Chou Christopher , Goyal Manik 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The discovery of the 3D Topological Dirac semimetal Cd3As2 presents a new class of semimetals because of its unique electronic structure and transport properties, demonstrating potential in novel topological devices. Promising properties of Cd3As2 include its topological surface states, ultrahigh electron mobility, and linear band dispersion. We evaluated the effect of inversion asymmetry on quantum confinement of Cd3As2 by measuring its electronic properties with and without hybridization through the quantum transport simulation package Kwant. Due to confinement, Cd3As2 exhibits a similar state to a 3D topological insulator because the transport in the bulk state becomes gapped, causing the surface state to dominate transport similar to 3D topological insulators. Thus, we can compare transport properties and band structure of Cd3As2 with other known 3D topological insulators such as HgTe and (Bi1-x
Sb
x
)2Te3 through the analysis of previous electrostatic gating studies. We observe the lifting of the spin degeneracy due to inversion asymmetry and demonstrate that Cd3As2 provides a promising platform for topological device applications.
Rheological stability enhancement of polyethylene modified bitumen by the addition of paraffin wax
Authors: Xia T , Chen X , Xu J H , Dai J F , Li Y Y 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The rheological behavior of Polyethylene (PE) modified bitumen is investigated. It is found that a rheological plateau under high temperature presented on the curve of storage modulus (G
*) variation with temperature. By the addition of little wax, the rutting resistance of bitumen/PE blend can be further improved. Moreover, the wax incorporation into bitumen/PE can significantly decrease the starting temperature of rheological plateau to accommodate the actual service temperature of bituminous pavement, making a potential application of PE/wax modified bitumen in pavement engineering. The reason for this rheological property enhancement by wax is explored in terms of phase separation structure and thermal behavior of bitumen/PE blends. Main focus is put on the relationship between PE crystallinity and rheological behavior.
Effect of substrate annealing on wetting behavior and interfacial reaction between Sn-0.7Cu and amorphous Fe84.3Si10.3B5.4 alloy
Authors: Hou B , Wang H Q , Zhang Y P , Wang H Y , Zeng C Y , Wu B Y 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Wetting behaviors of Sn-0.7Cu on amorphous Fe84.3Si10.3B5.4 substrate and substrates annealed at various temperatures (i.e., 400 °C, 500 °C and 650 °C ) were investigated at 250 °C, 300 °C, 350 °C and 400 °C by the sessile drop method, and the interfacial reaction of Sn-0.7Cu on different Fe84.3Si10.3B5.4 substrates with different annealing treatments were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Obtained results show that at the same soldering temperature, the final equilibrium wetting angle of Sn-0.7Cu on Fe84.3Si10.3B5.4 substrates gradually increases with the increase of annealing temperature. That means the wettability becomes worse and the interfacial reaction becomes weaker. With the increase of soldering temperature from 250 °C to 400 °C, the final equilibrium wetting angle of Sn-0.7Cu on Fe84.3Si10.3B5.4 substrates decreases gradually, suggesting a better wettability.
Structural design and analysis of an automatic pineapple picking and collecting straddle machine
Authors: Guo A F , Li J , Guo L Q , Jiang T , Zhao Y P 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
To maximize economic returns and reduce damages to the fruit and plant, an automatic straddle harvester for pineapples was designed, based on the planting mode and growth characteristics of the pineapple. The machine is composed of a picking manipulator, fruit transport and collection device, continuous track, and control system. The physical characteristics of pineapple fruits were investigated, and the overall structure and size of the automatic pineapple picking and collecting machine were designed based on the growth characteristics and the planting mode of the pineapple plant. SolidWorks was used for virtual modeling and then the different parts were designed based on parameters, such as the dimensions and power of the track chassis. Simulation analysis on the frame base and manipulator revealed that with a cutting sawtooth speed of 1200 r/min the cutting efficiency of the pineapple picking manipulator can reach 1636 plants/hour, i.e., double the manual cutting efficiency.
Limit load estimation for finite plates with semi-elliptical defects under tensile loading
Authors: Shi K K , Fu X L , Xie H , Shao X J , Tian J 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The ASME code allows the designer to circumvent many of the problems arising in design by elastic analysis by performing plastic or limit analysis of the component. Unlike elastic analysis, these analyses take account of the redistribution of stress upon yield. In limit analysis, the calculation of the limit load for finite plate with different semi-elliptical defects is an important stage for mechanical safety evaluation. The elastic compensation technique proposed by Mackenzie can be used to provide the limit load of a structure with a finite element method and aims at producing a suitable stress filed for the lower bound theory. In the present study, it is assumed that the finite plate exists three kinds of semi-elliptical cracks with low aspect ratio a/c (a/c=0.1, 0.5 and 1.0), respectively. The improved elastic compensation technique realized by finite element method is applied in the limit load estimation. At last, the results show that the improved elastic compensation technique can be used to obtain the limit value for the finite plate with different semi-elliptical defects under tensile loading. Moreover, the improved elastic compensation technique can be easily implemented in any finite element method and enables the limit load for any complex structure to be obtained swiftly.
Development and quality control method of variable torque propeller for wind tunnel power simulation
Authors: Jiang Y B , Wei R , Gao L H , Huo G , Cheng L 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In order to study the comprehensive influence of propeller power and sea surface effect of a seaplane, a composite material variable torque propeller for wind tunnel power simulation was developed. In order to make the quality of wind tunnel test data meet the standard of engineering application and control the quality of propeller products, a quality control method was developed to control the quality of design, checking, manufacturing, verification and operation of the propeller in all stages. In this paper, the research and development process and quality control method of the propeller, tests and the detection results, as well as the application test are described in detail. The results show that the quality control method described in this paper can be used to design and manufacture the propeller products which match the technical indicators, and the power simulation system composed of the propeller can exert slipstream influence on a certain seaplane under various working conditions, so as to meet the requirements of the study on the comprehensive influence of propeller power and sea surface effect of the aircraft.
Optimization design of the reactor coolant pump flywheel comprised of multi-ring packing heavy metal alloy
Authors: Jiang L , Wu C W , Shao X J , Zhang Y , Yu M D 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
To improve energy storage performance of the multi-ring RCP flywheel comprised of inner hub, tungsten alloy ring and outer retainer, optimization design process for the radial thicknesses of components and interference fit assembly is demonstrated. Radial thicknesses of these components and magnitude of interference fit are set as design parameters to construct parametric analysis model. Design of experiments (DOE) technique is adopted to generate design matrix for sensitive analysis. Subsequently, radial basis function (RBF) approximation is employed to search for the optimal design considering structural integrity requirement. Finally, a proper range of the magnitude of interference fit is obtained which can not only prevent neither slippage nor separation between the inner hub and tungsten alloy ring but also ensure the safety of structural strength. In addition, it is found that to ensure a high moment of inertia and energy density, a reasonable large radial thickness of tungsten alloy ring and a reasonable small radial thickness of outer retainer are required.
Numerical analysis of the effect of fuel load on downward flame spread
Authors: Zhu X L , Jiang Y 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper performs parameter studies varying sample thickness and volume density to investigate the effect of surface density on downward flame spread using Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS). Surface density is a significant property that affects fuel loads on the fuel surface greatly. The results reveal that all the thin fuels of 70 – 180 g/m2 attain a steady state, which means that the flame base and pyrolysis front move downstream with the same rate. Moreover, the propagating rates of the flame base and pyrolysis front decrease with the increasing surface density. Subsequently, the flame contour and flame heat feedback in preheated region are studied. Along the flame base downstream, dimensionless flame standoff distance grows gradually till a peak reaches at appropriately (Z-Zb
)/Zf
of 0.23, and then is reduced to a minimum near the flame front. Radiative heat flux occupies the dominant position upstream the flame base, and its distribution with normalized space (Z-Zb
)/Zf
is established. The present paper together with previous works can provide further understanding on the effect of fuel loads on downward flame spread.
Multiscale permutation entropy and supervised classifiers for state detection in an ICE
Authors: Mejía J C , Echeverry J D , Quintero H F 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Entropy has been positioned as a measurement capable of detecting irregularities and uncertainties in time series. Specifically, Multiscale Permutation Entropy (MPE) has positioned itself as an alternative to classical characterization methodologies, managing to identify nonlinear dynamics present in non-stationary signals. MPE has been used successfully to identify states of different systems without relying heavily on factors such as length or sampling frequency. This article presents a robust methodology that combines MPE with a feature selection technique and a supervised classifier (Analysis from Variance (VRA) and K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN) respectively). The robust proposed methodology is validated through two experiments (bearing failures and states of an internal combustion engine (ICE)). The proposed methodology overcomes the experiments with high precision and low computational consumption.
Microstructure evolution and sintering kinetics of Ti(C,N)-based cermet
Authors: Xiao S Q , Gong M F 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the grain growth behavior of Ti(C,N)-based cermet, including the microstructure evolution and sintering kinetics in the sintering process at different temperatures for different holding time, was studied experimentally and theoretically. A comprehensive grain growth model for Ti(C,N)-based cermet was established based on the experimental data. Furthermore, different influencing factors of microstructure evolution during sintering for Ti(C,N)-based cermet were investigated systematically by a scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the sintering temperature and holding time have a significant effect on the microstructure evolution of Ti(C,N)-based cermet. The grain growth rate was the fastest at the temperature range of 1300°C to 1400°C. The grain growth rate was reduced slightly at higher temperatures. A comprehensive sintering kinetics model of Ti(C,N)-based cermet during the sintering process was obtained based on the experimental results via nonlinear regression method.
Research on Relation Extraction Method Based on Similar Relations and Bayesian Neural Network
Authors: Fang Yiqiu , Zang Yingjie , Ge Junwei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The solidification of network parameter values for most relation extraction models after training makes the model overconfident in the process of prediction and classification tasks. Moreover, the interference of similar relation in the text data will affect the effect of relation extraction. We propose a relation extraction model based on relation similarity and Bayesian neural network. This model uses the logistic regression loss function to make the training parameters closer to the target relation and away from the similar relation, thereby eliminating the interference of the similar relation in the relation extraction task. In addition, it is also possible to learn a probability distribution from the weights of the Bayesian-LSTM (Bayesian-Long Short-Term Memory) neural network, and retain the corresponding uncertainty on the basis of obtaining long-distance dependence information using LSTM, so that the model learns more data features while performing regularization at the weight level. The model also uses an attention mechanism to pay more attention to useful information. The experimental results on the Wikipedia data set TACRED (TAC Relation Extraction Dataset) data set show that the proposed method effectively improves the effect of the entity relation extraction model.