bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Air Force Visiting Surgeon Program: Development, Outcomes, and Future Application
Authors: Fox Justin P , Latham Kerry P 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Active duty service members and their families have limited access to subspecialty surgical care when assigned OCONUS. To address this issue, the Air Force Visiting Surgeon Program (VSP) was created to push subspecialty care to these locations. Visiting Surgeon Program was accomplished using temporary duty (TDY) orders. We conducted this 12-year review, 2009-2021, of the program to assess objective measures of impact, identify key lessons learned, and consider the program’s future.

Materials and Methods
In 2009, the senior author, Col Latham, performed a cost analysis of plastic surgery care provided at OCONUS installations and found that TRICARE Overseas often paid rates substantially higher than a TDY assignment for a single procedure. To improve beneficiaries’ access to care while providing a cost savings to the health care system, 2-week plastic surgery missions were proposed to interested OCONUS military treatment facilities (MTFs). Ultimately, four sites selected to host the program in Alaska, Italy, England, and Japan. These sites were selected based on patient volumes, operating room capacity, and local command and surgeon support. By 2015, the Air Force formalized the program via Air Force Instruction 44-102 which outlined roles and responsibilities of MTF Commanders; established points of contact; and instituted key safety measures.

Results
To date, 58 missions have been completed by 21 surgeons through the VSP at Aviano Air Base (Italy; 24.1%), Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson (Alaska; 31.0%), Royal Air Force Lakenheath (England; 27.6%), and Yokota Air Base (Japan; 17.2%). While primarily an Air Force program, 17% (10/58) of missions were supported Army or Navy surgeons. Overall, 2,000 patient consultations and 865 surgical cases were performed avoiding $6.7 million in cost. In addition to direct beneficiary care, the VSP also contributed to the participating surgeon and host surgical teams mission readiness.

Conclusions
The VSP provides a template to make select subspecialty surgical care available in a cost-effective manner across the military health system, while also providing a model for the forward deployment of military plastic surgeons and triservice collaboration.
Supernovae in colliding-wind binaries: observational signatures in the first year
Authors: Pejcha Ondřej , Calderón Diego , Kurfürst Petr 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
When a core-collapse supernova (SN) explodes in a binary star system, the ejecta might encounter an overdense shell, where the stellar winds of the two stars previously collided. In this work, we investigate effects of such interactions on SN light curves on time-scales from the early flash ionization signatures to approximately one year after the explosion. We construct a model of the colliding-wind shell in an orbiting binary star system and we provide an analytical expression for the shell thickness and density, which we calibrate with three-dimensional adaptive mesh refinement hydrodynamical simulations probing different ratios of wind momenta and different regimes of radiative cooling efficiency. We model the angle-dependent interaction of SN ejecta with the circumstellar medium and estimate the shock radiative efficiency with a realistic cooling function. We find that the radiated shock power exceeds typical Type IIP SN luminosity only for double red supergiant binaries with mass ratios q ≳ 0.9, wind mass-loss rates $\dot{M}\gtrsim 10^{-4}\, \rm M_\odot \, \text{yr}^{-1}$, and separations between about 50 and 1500 au. The required $\dot{M}$ increases for binaries with smaller q or primaries with faster wind. We estimate that ≪1 per cent of all collapsing massive stars satisfy the conditions on binary mass ratio and separation. Recombination luminosities due to colliding wind shells are at most a factor of 10 higher than for an otherwise unperturbed constant-velocity wind, but higher densities associated with wind acceleration close to the star provide much stronger signal.
The discovery of rest-frame UV colour gradients and a diversity of dust morphologies in bright z ≃ 7 Lyman-break galaxies
Authors: Bowler R A A , Cullen F , McLure R J , Dunlop J S , Avison A 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
We present deep ALMA dust continuum observations for a sample of luminous (MUV &lt; −22) star-forming galaxies at z ≃ 7. We detect five of the six sources in the far-infrared (FIR), providing key constraints on the obscured star formation rate (SFR) and the infrared-excess-β (IRX–β) relation without the need for stacking. Despite the galaxies showing blue rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) slopes (β ≃ −2) we find that 35–75 per cent of the total SFR is obscured. We find the IRX–β relation derived for these z ≃ 7 sources is consistent with that found for local starburst galaxies. Using our relatively high-resolution (FWHM $\simeq 0.7\, {\rm arcsec}$) observations we identify a diversity of dust morphologies in the sample. We find both compact emission that appears offset relative to the unobscured components and extended dust emission that is co-spatial with the rest-frame UV light. In the majority of the sources, we detect strong rest-frame UV colour gradients (with up to Δβ ≃ 0.7–1.4) as probed by the multiband UltraVISTA ground-based data. The observed redder colours are spatially correlated with the location of the FIR detection. Our results show that even in bright Lyman-break galaxies at z ≃ 7 the peak of the star formation is typically hosted by the fainter, redder, regions in the rest-frame UV, which have an obscured fraction of fobs ≥ 0.8. As well as demonstrating the importance of dust obscured star formation within the Epoch of Reionization, these observations provide an exciting taster of the rich spatially resolved data sets that will be obtained from JWST and high-resolution ALMA follow-up at these redshifts.
Constraining spinning primordial black holes with global 21-cm signal
Authors: Natwariya Pravin Kumar , Nayak Alekha C , Srivastava Tripurari 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
We study the upper projected bounds on the dark matter fraction in the form of the primordial black holes (PBHs) with a non-zero spin by using the absorption feature in the global 21-cm signal at redshift z ≈ 17. The mass and spin are fundamental properties of a black hole, and they can substantially affect the evaporation rate of the black hole. The evaporating black hole can inject energy into the intergalactic medium and heat the gas. Subsequently, it can modify the absorption amplitude in the global 21-cm signal. Therefore, the absorption feature in the 21-cm signal can provide a robust bound on PBHs. We analyse the projected constraints on the dark matter fraction in the form of both spinning and non-spinning PBHs. The constraints are more stringent for spinning PBHs than non-spinning ones. We also compare these bounds with other observations and find the most stringent lower constraint on PBHs mass, which is allowed to constitute the entire dark matter to 6.7 × 1017 g for extremal spinning PBHs.
DNA repair and response to sperm DNA damage in oocytes and embryos, and the potential consequences in ART: a systematic review
Authors: Newman H , Catt S , Vining B , Vollenhoven B , Horta F 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSperm DNA damage is considered a predictive factor for the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing ART. Laboratory evidence suggests that zygotes and developing embryos have adopted specific response and repair mechanisms to repair DNA damage of paternal origin. We have conducted a systematic review in accordance with guidelines from Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) to identify and review the maternal mechanisms used to respond and repair sperm DNA damage during early embryonic development, how these mechanisms operate and their potential clinical implications. The literature search was conducted in Ovid MEDLINE and Embase databases until May 2021. Out of 6297 articles initially identified, 36 studies were found to be relevant through cross referencing and were fully extracted. The collective evidence in human and animal models indicate that the early embryo has the capacity to repair DNA damage within sperm by activating maternally driven mechanisms throughout embryonic development. However, this capacity is limited and likely declines with age. The link between age and decreased DNA repair capacity could explain decreased oocyte quality in older women, poor reproductive outcomes in idiopathic cases and patients who present high sperm DNA damage. Ultimately, further understanding mechanisms underlying the maternal repair of sperm DNA damage could lead to the development of targeted therapies to decrease sperm DNA damage, improved oocyte quality to combat incoming DNA insults or lead to development of methodologies to identify individual spermatozoa without DNA damage.
Modeling of 3D trajectory of Hayabusa2 re-entry based on acoustic observations
Authors: Nishikawa Yasuhiro , Yamamoto Masa-yuki , Sansom Eleanor K , Devillepoix Hadrien A R , Towner Martin C , Hiramatsu Yoshihiro , Kawamura Taichi , Fujita Kazuhisa , Yoshikawa Makoto , Ishihara Yoshiaki , Hamama Islam , Segawa Norihisa , Kakinami Yoshihiro , Katao Hiroshi , Inoue Yuichiro , Bland Philip A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
On 2020 December 5 at 17:28 UTC, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency’s Hayabusa2 sample return capsule (SRC) re-entered Earth’s atmosphere. The capsule passed through the atmosphere at supersonic speeds, emitting sound and light. The inaudible sound was recorded by infrasound sensors installed by Kochi University of Technology and Curtin University. Based on analysis of the recorded infrasound, the trajectory of the SRC in two cases, one with constant-velocity linear motion and the other with silent flight, could be estimated with an accuracy of ${0{_{.}^{\circ}}5}$ in elevation and 1° in direction. A comparison with optical observations suggests a state of flight in which no light is emitted but sound is emitted. In this paper, we describe the method and results of the trajectory estimation.
Counseling Veterans with Chronic Pain During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lazar Christina M , Rosen Marc I , Sellinger John , Mattocks Kristin , Navarra Lisa , Ross Kimberly A , Martino Steve 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Veterans with chronic pain could be vulnerable during the COVID-19 pandemic. We qualitatively explored the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a sample of veterans receiving brief counseling focused on pain management in an ongoing clinical trial and discuss how the pandemic affected the process of motivating veterans with chronic pain to engage in interdisciplinary multimodal pain treatment at the Department of Veteran Affairs.

Methods
Segments of audio-recorded counseling sessions containing content about the pandemic were transcribed and coded to identify key concepts emerging from individual counselor–participant transactions. Themes that emerged were examined with constant comparison analysis.

Results
Three major themes emerged. 1) The pandemic caused a disruption in pain management service delivery, resulting in changes to the way veterans receive services or manage their pain symptoms. 2) The pandemic offered opportunities for resilience and personal growth as veterans with chronic pain reflected on their lives and personal goals. 3) The pandemic brought veterans’ mental health issues to the forefront, and these should be addressed as part of a comprehensive pain management approach.

Discussion
Discussion of the COVID-19 pandemic during pain treatment counseling sessions highlighted negative and positive ways participants were affected by the pandemic. These discussions provided counselors with a unique opportunity to facilitate behavior change by focusing on characteristics of resilience to motivate individuals with chronic pain to adapt and adopt positive behaviors and outlooks to improve their pain experience and quality of life.

Conclusions
Counselors can leverage feelings of resilience and personal growth to motivate veterans’ use of adaptive coping skills and a wider array of pain management services.
Finite Element Comparison of the Spring Distraction System and the Traditional Growing Rod for the Treatment of Early Onset Scoliosis
Authors: Lemans Justin V.C. , Kodigudla Manoj K. , Kelkar Amey V. , Jayaswal Daksh , Castelein René M. , Kruyt Moyo C. , Goel Vijay K. , Agarwal Aakash 
Published: December 2021

Study Design.
Finite element analysis (FEA).

Objective.
The aim of this study was to determine biomechanical differences between traditional growing rod (TGR) and spring distraction system (SDS) treatment of early-onset scoliosis.

Summary of Background Data.
Many “growth-friendly” implants like the TGR show high rates of implant failure, spinal stiffening, and intervertebral disc (IVD) height loss. We developed the SDS, which employs continuous, dynamic forces to mitigate these limitations. The present FEA compares TGR and SDS implantation, followed by an 18-month growth period.

Methods.
Two representative, ligamentous, scoliotic FEA models were created for this study; one representing TGR and one representing SDS. initial implantation, and up to 18 months of physeal spinal growth were simulated. The SDS model was continuously distracted over this period; the TGR model included two additional distractions following index surgery. Outcomes included differences in rod stress, spinal morphology and iVD stress-shielding.

Results.
Maximum postoperative von Mises stress was 249MPa for SDS, and 205MPa for TGR. During the 6-month TGR distraction, TGR rod stress increased over two-fold to a maximum stress of 417MPa, compared to a maximum of 262 MPa in the SDS model at 6-month follow-up. During subsequent follow-up periods, TGR rod stress remained consistently higher than stresses in the SDS model. Additional lengthenings in the TGR model led to a smaller residual curve (16.08) and higher T1-S1 growth (359 mm) at 18-month follow-up compared to the SDS model (26.98, 348 mm). During follow-up, there was less stress-shielding of the IVDs in the SDS model, compared to the TGR model. At 18-month follow-up, upper and lower IVD surfaces of the SDS model were loaded more in compression than their TGR counterparts (mean upper: +112 ± 19N; mean lower: +100 ± 17N).

Conclusion.
In the present FEA, TGR treatment resulted in slightly larger curve correction compared to SDS, at the expense of increased IVD stress-shielding and a higher risk of rod fractures.

Level of Evidence.
N/A
lncRNA Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells Knockdown Alleviates Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-induced Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis by Upregulating HIF-1α Expression
Authors: Deng Xiaofeng , Liu Yongqing , Xu Zesheng , Wang Zichao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract:
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has become the most common cause of death in the developed countries. However, its pathogenesis is poorly understood. Increasing studies have revealed that lncRNAs are important modulators of AMI development. This study aimed to explore the function of lncRNA noncoding repressor of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NRON) in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-stimulated H9c2 cells. NRON expression in peripheral blood of AMI patients and H/R-stimulated H9c2 cells was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. H9c2 cells were transfected with si-NRON or cotransfected with si-NRON and si-hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α). The viability and apoptosis of these cells were evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and flow cytometer, respectively. In addition, HIF-1α, AKT/mTOR signal pathways and ERK1/2 were detected by western blot. NRON knockdown in the myocardial infarction mouse model was conducted through adeno-associated virus injection, and cardiac function was evaluated by motion-mode echocardiography. The results showed that NRON was highly expressed in peripheral blood of AMI patients and H/R-stimulated H9c2 cells. NRON knockdown promoted cell viability and inhibited cell apoptosis of H/R-stimulated H9c2 cells. Meanwhile, NRON knockdown also significantly attenuated heart damage and improved cardiac function in an AMI mouse model. Furthermore, compared with si-normal control, NRON knockdown increased the levels of HIF-1α, p-AKT, p-mTOR, and p-ERK1/2. HIF-1α knockdown reversed the effects of NRON knockdown in H/R-stimulated-H9c2 cells damage. Overall, our study revealed that NRON knockdown alleviated H/R-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by upregulating HIF-1α expression, suggesting that NRON might be a novel therapeutic target for AMI.
Add-on Therapy With Sacubitril/Valsartan and Clinical Outcomes in CRT-D Nonresponder Patients
Authors: Russo Vincenzo , Ammendola Ernesto , Gasperetti Alessio , Bottino Roberta , Schiavone Marco , Masarone Daniele , Pacileo Giuseppe , Nigro Gerardo , Golino Paolo , Lip Gregory Y. H. , D'Andrea Antonello , Boriani Giuseppe , Proietti Riccardo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract:
No data on the add-on sacubitril/valsartan (S/V) therapy among cardiac resynchronization therapy with a defibrillator (CRT-D) nonresponder patients are currently available in literature. We conducted a prospective observational study including 190 CRT-D nonresponder patients with symptomatic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction despite the optimal medical therapy from at least 1 year. The primary endpoint was the rate of additional responders (left ventricular end-systolic volume reduction >15%) at 12 months from the introduction of S/V therapy. At the end of the 12 months follow-up, 37 patients (19.5%) were deemed as “additional responders” to the combination use of CRT + S/V therapy. The only clinical predictor of additional response was a lower left ventricular ejection fraction [OR 0.881 (0.815–0.953), P = 0.002] at baseline. At 12 months follow-up, there were significant improvements in heart failure (HF) symptoms and functional status [New York Heart Association 2 (2–3) vs. 1 (1–2), P < 0.001; physical activity duration/day: 10 (8–12) vs. 13 (10–18) hours, P < 0.001]. Compared with the 12 months preceding S/V introduction, there were significant reductions in the rate of HF rehospitalization (35.5% vs. 19.5%, P < 0.001), in atrial tachycardia/atrial fibrillation burden [6.0 (5.0–8.0) % vs. 0 (0–2.0) %, P < 0.001] and in the proportions of patients experiencing ventricular arrhythmias (21.6% vs. 6.3%; P < 0.001). Our results indicate that S/V add-on therapy in CRT-D nonresponder patients is associated with 19.5% of additional responders, a reduction in HF symptoms and rehospitalizations, AF burden, and ventricular arrhythmias.
Recordkeeping Error or Strategic Seasonal Substitution?
Authors: Raymond Benjamin 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
I compare the seasonal patterns observed in the Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (SOII) to claims data from the IBM® MarketScan® Research Databases.

Methods:
I construct monthly injury rates and claims rates by supplementing occupational injuries and other claims data with hours data from the Current Population Survey and estimate seasonal effects using an Unobservable Components Model.

Results:
While workers’ compensation data and the SOII display similar seasonal patterns, the year-end decline in the MarketScan data is 1/3 to 1/2 the magnitude observed in the SOII. Short-term disability and private health insurance claims display seasonal patterns inversely related to occupational injuries.

Conclusions:
Part of the year-end decline in occupational injuries observed in the SOII is likely due to recordkeeping error. There is also some evidence of strategic seasonal substitution between various health-compensation alternatives.
Effects of Sleep, Exercise, and Leadership Support on Resilience in Frontline Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kaye-Kauderer Halley , Loo George , Murrough James W. , Feingold Jordyn H. , Feder Adriana , Peccoralo Lauren , Ripp Jonathan , Pietrzak Robert H. 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
To evaluate the direct and interacting effects of personal and systemic factors that contribute to psychological distress among frontline healthcare workers (FHCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:
Data were collected using a hospital-wide, cross-sectional survey. A multivariable binary logistic regression and relative importance analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with screening positive for C19-distress.

Results:
A total of 1005 (39.0%, 95%CI - 37.1–40.9%) out of 2579 FHCWs met the prespecified cutoff values for significant symptoms of C19-distress. Fewer sleep hours and lower perceptions of leadership support explained the majority of variance (19.4% relative variance explained [RVE]) in C19-distress, followed by team camaraderie (6.4% RVE), physical exercise (4.9% RVE), and engagement in hobbies (3.2% RVE).

Conclusion:
These results underscore the importance of restorative behaviors as potential targets to help decrease distress and promote resilience in FHCWs.
The Effect of Abuse and Mistreatment on Healthcare Providers (TEAM)
Authors: Pinkhasov Aaron , Filangieri Carole , Rzeszut Mary , Wilkenfeld Marc , Akerman Meredith , Divers Jasmin , Oliveras Jessica , Bostwick J. Michael , Svoronos Alexander , Peltier Morgan R. 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
Aggression from patients and families on health care providers (HCP) is common yet understudied. We measured its prevalence and impact on HCPs in inpatient and outpatient settings.

Methods:
Four thousand six hundred seven HCPs employed by a community teaching hospital received an anonymous survey with results analyzed.

Results:
Of 1609 HCPs (35%) completing the survey, 88% of inpatient staff reported experiencing different types of aggression compared to 82% in outpatient setting. Almost half did not report it to their supervisor. Younger staff were more likely to report abuse. Negative impacts on productivity and patient care were reported. A third of all responders’ indicated negative effects on mental health.

Conclusions:
Despite negative impacts on staff wellbeing and productivity, patient/family aggression toward HCPs is highly prevalent and underreported. Our healthcare system needs measures to address staff security and wellness.
Persistent Symptoms, Lyme Disease, and Prior Trauma
Authors: Mustafiz Fayel , Moeller James , Kuvaldina Maria , Bennett Clair , Fallon Brian A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
One prior study suggests that traumatic events before Lyme disease play an important role in symptom severity. We examined this hypothesis among 60 individuals with persistent symptoms after Lyme disease using validated measures of trauma history, mental and physical symptoms, and functional status. Analysis of variance with Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons test revealed that a greater number of traumatic events were significantly associated with greater symptom severity on the scales of mood (stress, depression, and anxiety), cognition, multisystem symptom burden, and functional status (mental and physical), but not on measures of pain and fatigue. The effect sizes—meaningful but not large (0.17–0.29)—were mostly produced by comparison with individuals reporting multiple prior traumatic events, representing half of the posttreatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS) group. In conclusion, although PTLDS may be exacerbated by past trauma, trauma plays a role in only a subgroup of PTLDS. Whether addressing prior trauma can improve outcomes in this subgroup requires study.