bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of imprint cytology and frozen section histology for intraoperative diagnosis of ovarian epithelial tumors: A comparative study and proposed algorithm
Authors: Nomura Nozomi , Sugiyama Tomoko , Tajiri Takuma , Fujita Hirotaka , Hiraiwa Shinichiro , Toguchi Suguru , Machida Tomohisa , Itoh Hitoshi , Kajiwara Hiroshi , Muramatsu Toshinari , Nakamura Naoya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundAppropriate surgical treatment of epithelial ovarian tumors is reliant on intraoperative diagnosis. A retrospective study to compare the diagnostic accuracies of imprint cytology (IC) with frozen section histology (FSH) in these tumors was performed.MethodsAbout 78 cases of IC‐based and FSH‐based diagnoses against the final histopathologic diagnoses in terms of both histologic subtype (serous, mucinous, endometrioid, or clear cell tumor) and behavioral type (benign, borderline, or malignant) were compared. The cytomorphologic features of the tumor cells (nuclear atypia, papillary clusters, adenoma cells, and necrosis) in relation to behavioral types were also evaluated.ResultsWhile the diagnostic accuracy of IC and FSH were similar with respect to behavioral type (87% and 88%, respectively), the diagnostic accuracy of IC was superior to that of FSH with respect to histologic subtype (83% and 74%, respectively). Among histopathologically confirmed malignant tumors, the diagnostic accuracy of IC (62/64; 97%) was superior to that of FSH (58/64; 91%). The presence of necrosis and absence of adenoma cells were significantly more prevalent among malignant group than among borderline and benign groups (P < .01, for both).ConclusionSince the presence of necrosis and absence of adenoma cells around the carcinoma cells appear useful in distinguishing malignant and borderline tumors, it was proposed to include IC for further intraoperative assessment of any tumors initially diagnosed as a borderline tumor by FSH.
Optimal transportation theory for species interaction networks
Authors: Stock Michiel , Poisot Timothée , De Baets Bernard 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Observed biotic interactions between species, such as in pollination, predation, and competition, are determined by combinations of population densities, matching in functional traits and phenology among the organisms, and stochastic events (neutral effects).

We propose optimal transportation theory as a unified view for modeling species interaction networks with different intensities of interactions. We pose the coupling of two distributions as a constrained optimization problem, maximizing both the system's average utility and its global entropy, that is, randomness. Our model follows naturally from applying the MaxEnt principle to this problem setting.

This approach allows for simulating changes in species relative densities as well as to disentangle the impact of trait matching and neutral forces.

We provide a framework for estimating the pairwise species utilities from data. Experimentally, we show how to use this framework to perform trait matching and predict the coupling in pollination and host–parasite networks.
Podcasting as a tool to take conservation education online
Authors: Strickland Bronson K. , Brooke Jarred M. , Zischke Mitchell T. , Lashley Marcus A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTraditional forms of higher learning include teaching in the classroom on college campuses and in‐person adult‐focused public outreach events for non‐students. Online college degree programs and public outreach platforms have been steadily emerging, and the COVID‐19 pandemic has, at least temporarily, forced all related ecology and evolutionary biology programs to move to online delivery. Podcasting is a form of online mass communication that is rapidly gaining popularity and has the flexibility to be incorporated into the pedagogical toolbox for the online classroom and remote public outreach programming. Podcasting is also becoming more popular in the ecology and evolutionary biology field. Here, we describe the great potential of podcasting to transform the learning experience, present a case study of success from the United States, provide a table of podcast recommended by ecologist responding to a listserv, and provide a road map for adoption and utilization of podcasting for the future.
Seismic fragility analysis based on artificial ground motions and surrogate modeling of validated structural simulators
Authors: Abbiati Giuseppe , Broccardo Marco , Abdallah Imad , Marelli Stefano , Paolacci Fabrizio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study introduces a computational framework for efficient and accurate seismic fragility analysis based on a combination of artificial ground motion modeling, polynomial‐chaos‐based global sensitivity analysis, and hierarchical kriging surrogate modeling. The framework follows the philosophy of the Performance‐Based Earthquake Engineering PEER approach, where the fragility analysis is decoupled from hazard analysis. This study addresses three criticalities that are present in the current practice. Namely, reduced size of hazard‐consistent size‐specific ensembles of seismic records, validation of structural simulators against large‐scale experiments, high computational cost for accurate fragility estimates. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is demonstrated for the Rio Torto Bridge, recently tested using hybrid simulation within the RETRO project.
Sediment deposition (1940–2017) in a historically pristine lake in a rapidly developing tropical highland region in Ethiopia
Authors: Kebedew Mebrahtom G. , Tilahun Seifu A. , Belete Mulugeta A. , Zimale Fasikaw A. , Steenhuis Tammo S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAccelerated sediment concentration has become a pervasive feature in developing countries and has substantially impacted lake ecosystem functioning. Despite this, very few comprehensive studies have examined the changes in sedimentation over the time that agriculture intensified greatly with the increasing population. This study aims to fill this gap using historical and recent bathymetric surveys to determine sediment deposition and link these to watershed development. With its unique ecology, Lake Tana that was pristine less than 100 years ago, is one of these systems experiencing increasing sediment concentrations. A detailed bathymetric survey was conducted in late 2017 and compared with bathymetric surveys conducted in 1940, 1987, and 2006. The result shows that in the past 77 years, Lake Tana's depth decreased an average of 28 ± 11 cm, equivalent to nearly 0.9 ± 0.4 Tg (million tons). Sediment deposition was 2.8 ± 2.3 mm a−1 between 1940 and 1987, when the agricultural intensification started. It almost doubled to 5.0 ± 3.7 mm a−1 after that. Spatially, the sediment deposition was most significant in areas near the major river inlets where 2 to 10 km long peninsulas were formed. The increase in sediment deposition is primarily driven by newly formed valley bottom gullies formed after deforestation disturbed the hydrological equilibrium, and watershed outflow increased.
lncRNA MAGI2‐AS3 overexpression had antitumor effect on Hepatic cancer via miRNA‐23a‐3p/PTEN axis
Authors: Liu Fei , Deng Wenwen , Wan Zhenda , Xu Dajin , Chen Jun , Yang Xin , Xu Jianhua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate the antitumor effects of MAGI2‐AS3 and its mechanism in liver cancer. Cancer tissues and adjacent nontumor tissues were collected, and lncRNAs were analyzed via chip assay. The correlation between MAGEI2‐AS3 and patient pathology and prognosis was then analyzed. Bel‐7402 and Huh‐7 cell lines were also used in our study. For the in vitro study, MTT assay, flow cytometry, transwell assay, and wound healing assay were conducted to evaluate hepatic cancer cell (Bel‐7402 and Huh‐7) proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration. The relative mechanisms were evaluated by Western blot (WB) and cellular immunofluorescence. The correlation among MAGI2‐AS3, miRNA‐23a‐3p, and PTEN was determined by a dual‐luciferase reporter assay. The expression of lncRNA MAGI2‐AS3 was significantly downregulated in tumor tissues. MAGI2‐AS3 expression was closely correlation with HCC patient's clinicopathology and prognosis and prognosis. In the cell experiment, compared with the negative control (NC) group, MAGI2‐AS3 overexpression reduced cell proliferation, invasion, and migration and increased cell apoptosis in Bel‐7402 and Huh‐7 cell lines. However, when Bel‐7402 and Huh‐7 cells were transfected with miRNA‐23a‐3p, their biological activities (proliferation, invasion, and migration) were significantly increased. Through WB assay, MAGI2‐AS3 could increase PTEN and depress p‐AKT and MMP‐9 protein expressions via miRNA‐23a‐3p suppression. The dual‐luciferase reporter assay revealed that MAGI2‐AS3 directly targeted miRNA‐23a‐3p and that miRNA‐23a‐3p could target PTEN. MAGI2‐AS3 might be a potential therapeutic target for liver cancer owing to its regulation by the miRNA‐23a‐3p/PTEN axis.
Simulation of river flow in Britain under climate change: Baseline performance and future seasonal changes
Authors: Kay Alison L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractClimate change is likely to manifest in river flow changes across the globe, which could have wide‐ranging consequences for society and the natural environment. A number of previous studies used the UK Climate Projections 2009 (UKCP09) to investigate the potential impacts on river flows in Britain, but these projections were recently updated by the release of UKCP18, thus there is a need to update flow studies. Here, the UKCP18 Regional (12 km) projections are applied using a national‐scale grid‐based hydrological model, to investigate potential future changes in seasonal mean river flows across Great Britain. Analysis of hydrological model performance using baseline climate model data (1980–2010) shows relatively good agreement with use of observation‐based data, particularly after application of a monthly precipitation bias‐correction. Analysis of seasonal mean flow changes for two future time‐slices (2020–2050 and 2050–2080) suggests large decreases in summer flows across the country (median −45% by 2050–2080), but possible increases in winter flows (median 9% by 2050–2080), especially in the north and west. Information on the potential range of flow changes using the latest projections is necessary to develop appropriate adaptation strategies, and comparisons with previous projections can help update existing plans, although such comparisons are often not straightforward.
The buffering role of paternal parenting stress in the relationship between maternal parenting stress and children's problematic behaviour
Authors: Trumello Carmen , Babore Alessandra , Cofini Marika , Baiocco Roberto , Chirumbolo Antonio , Morelli Mara 
Published: March 2021

The present study aimed at exploring the relationship between parenting stress and children's problematic behaviour in the families of 99 children aged 8–11 years. Parenting stress was assessed by parents, using the Parenting Stress Index, and children's problematic behaviour was assessed by teachers, using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. A moderation regression analysis showed a conditioning effect of paternal parenting stress in the relationship between maternal parenting stress and children's problematic behaviour. In the presence of high levels of paternal parenting stress, the relationship between maternal parenting stress and children's problematic behaviour was significant and strong (p = .01). When paternal parenting stress levels were low, the relationship between maternal parenting stress and children's problematic behaviour was not significant (p = .49). The results underlined that paternal parenting stress may buffer the relationship between maternal parenting stress and children's problematic behaviour. Clinical implications are discussed.
Effect of surface topography on in vitro osteoblast function and mechanical performance of 3D printed titanium
Authors: Abar Bijan , Kelly Cambre , Pham Anh , Allen Nicholas , Barber Helena , Kelly Alexander , Mirando Anthony J. , Hilton Matthew J. , Gall Ken , Adams Samuel B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCritical‐sized defects remain a significant challenge in orthopaedics. 3D printed scaffolds are a promising treatment but are still limited due to inconsistent osseous integration. The goal of the study is to understand how changing the surface roughness of 3D printed titanium either by surface treatment or artificially printing rough topography impacts the mechanical and biological properties of 3D printed titanium. Titanium tensile samples and discs were printed via laser powder bed fusion. Roughness was manipulated by post‐processing printed samples or by directly printing rough features. Experimental groups in order of increasing surface roughness were Polished, Blasted, As Built, Sprouts, and Rough Sprouts. Tensile behavior of samples showed reduced strength with increasing surface roughness. MC3T3 pre‐osteoblasts were seeded on discs and analyzed for cellular proliferation, differentiation, and matrix deposition at 0, 2, and 4 weeks. Printing roughness diminished mechanical properties such as tensile strength and ductility without clear benefit to cell growth. Roughness features were printed on mesoscale, unlike samples in literature in which roughness on microscale demonstrated an increase in cell activity. The data suggest that printing artificial roughness on titanium scaffold is not an effective strategy to promote osseous integration.
Zerumin A attenuates the inflammatory responses in LPS‐stimulated H9c2 cardiomyoblasts
Authors: Shyni G. L. , Renjitha J. , B. Somappa Sasidhar , Raghu K. G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractZerumin A (ZA) is one of the potential components of Curcuma amada rhizomes, and it has been shown to possess a variety of pharmacological activities. This study deals with the beneficial activity of ZA in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated inflammation in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Herein, H9c2 cells were preincubated with ZA for 1 h and stimulated with LPS for 24 h. The cells were analyzed for the expression of various pro‐inflammatory mediators and signaling molecules. Results showed that the cell viability was significantly improved and reactive oxygen species production was alleviated remarkably with ZA pretreatment. We also found that ZA pretreatment significantly suppressed the upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) protein levels, and nitric oxide (NO) release in LPS‐stimulated cells. In addition, ZA significantly ameliorated LPS‐elicited overexpression of pro‐inflammatory chemokines and cytokines such as monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐ α), interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), and interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) in H9c2 cells, and it upregulated the synthesis of the anti‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐10 (IL‐10). Moreover, pretreatment with ZA and the mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway inhibitors also reduced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), c‐Jun N‐terminal kinases (JNK), and p38. ZA significantly inhibited IkB‐a phosphorylation and nuclear factor (NF)‐kB p65 subunit translocation into nuclei. Overall data demonstrated that ZA protects cardiomyocytes against LPS injury by inhibiting NF‐kB p65 activation via the MAPK signaling pathway in vitro. These findings suggest that ZA may be a promising agent for a detailed study for the prevention or treatment of myocardial dysfunction in sepsis.
Medical emergencies in the dental school setting
Authors: Sorenson Adam D. , Marusko Robert M. , Kennedy Kelly S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurpose/ObjectivesAn aging population with an increasing chronic disease burden may make management of medical emergencies in dental practice more common. Previous research has differed significantly in the reported frequency of medical emergencies in a dental setting, often relying on survey‐based protocols. This study examines the incidence and type of emergencies encountered in a dental school setting. Additional examination of contributing medical co‐morbidities is provided.MethodsA retrospective study was designed to review 121 incident reports at the Ohio State University College of Dentistry (OSU CoD) from July 1, 2013 to January 24, 2019. Sixty‐five of the recorded events were classified as medical emergencies and were further analyzed.ResultsThe most common emergency encountered was syncope, followed by cardiac events, seizures, and diabetic complications. Emergencies most commonly occurred in the pre‐doctoral general dentistry clinics. Many of the affected patients had no significant medical history.ConclusionIdentifying emergencies most encountered by dentists is critical for process improvement, awareness, and targeted educational initiatives. This may reduce the frequency of medical emergencies in dental practices and allow for more efficient management should they occur.
Community partnerships within a novel dental school urgent care center: Student perceptions
Authors: Crivello Brandon J. , Whitworth B. Clifton , Pazdernik Vanessa K. , Singh Ishwpriya , Freihofer James M. , Davis Joan M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurpose/ObjectivesOral health inequities and limited access to care cause patients to seek dental treatment in hospital emergency departments. In addition, conventional clinic models and curricular limitations may result in inadequate experiences for students learning urgent dental care. The aim of the current study was to investigate student perceptions of a novel dental school urgent care clinic model.MethodsA mixed‐methods, cross‐sectional study design was used to survey third‐year and fourth‐year students at a Midwest dental school in spring 2020 about their experiences providing patient care in the school's internal urgent care center. Along with a structured curriculum, the urgent care clinic model incorporates an on‐site partnership with a community health center and a hospital emergency department affiliation that serves as a referral base to provide students with their learning experiences.ResultsOf 81 students, 78 completed the survey (96% response rate). The majority of students treated 50 or more patients. From their urgent care experiences, a majority of students felt prepared to manage patients with acute dental pain and swelling (72/77, 94%), and reported a better understanding of interprofessional collaborations in dentistry (42/77, 55%) and the importance of providing urgent dental care to underserved patients (72/77, 94%). Most students (64/75, 85%) were more likely to offer urgent dental care services to underserved populations in future practice.ConclusionThis collaborative school‐based urgent care clinic model incorporating community partnerships provided transformative learning experiences, positively impacted student perceptions of their learning, and influenced future practice behaviors related to urgent dental care.
Evaluation of the bond strengths of restorative materials to primary tooth dentin treated with different pulpotomy techniques
Authors: Bolukbasi Basak , Kucukyilmaz Ebru 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the changes of different pulpotomy techniques on the primary tooth dentin and to evaluate the effects of these pulpotomy methods on the shear bond strength of restorative materials to primary tooth dentin. Two hundred and forty dentin specimens were distributed randomly to the study groups as; control, ferric sulphate, Biodentine®, Nd:YAG laser, photobiomodulation, and atmospheric pressure cold plasma (APCP). After the application of pulpotomy methods, samples were again randomly divided to two restorative materials (glass hybrid and composite resin) (n = 20) and shear bond strength (SBS) test was performed. Then, 12 new dentin specimens were prepared for all groups for surface analysis. Surface examination (n = 12) and fracture analyses (n = 240) were carried out with scanning electron microscope (SEM). Statistical significance range was accepted as α <.05 for all data. A statistically significant difference was obtained among all study groups for glass hybrid material as well as composite material (p <.05). While the highest mean SBS value was obtained with Nd:YAG laser (7.58 ± 0.60 MPa), the lowest value was observed with Biodentine® (6.70 ± 0.91 MPa; p = .001) for glass hybrid material. For composite material, the highest mean SBS value was calculated for Nd:YAG laser (13.79 ± 1.24 MPa), while the lowest value was obtained with ferric sulphate (10.17 ± 1.45 MPa; p = .001). Fracture modes were mainly adhesive and mixed type according to SEM analysis. Moreover, morphological changes were observed with SEM on the dentin surfaces of ferric sulphate, Biodentine® and Nd:YAG laser. Within the limitations of this study, Nd:YAG laser increased the shear bond strength values in groups of composite resin.Research HighlightsIn this article, we report the results of the shear bonding strength test of two restorative materials (glass‐hybrid vs. composite resin) to primary tooth dentin following the application of five different pulpotomy techniques (ferric sulfate, Biodentine®, Nd:YAG laser, photobiomodulation, and atmospheric pressure cold plasma) were reported. This article will contribute to the literature that there are considerably limited researches concerning the bond strength of glass hybrid to primary dentin and also atmospheric pressure cold plasma in pulpotomies. The SEM examination was performed in two stages in this study; the morphological changes in both treated dentin surfaces and the surfaces of the samples subjected to the shear bond strength test.
Use of chlorhexidine to eradicate oropharyngeal SARS‐CoV‐2 in COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Huang Y. Hanna , Huang Jong T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs public distribution of vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is underway, prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) relies on minimizing spread. In this study, chlorhexidine gluconate was investigated as a topical antimicrobial agent against SARS‐CoV‐2. This was a randomized, prospective cohort study using chlorhexidine as an oral rinse and posterior oropharyngeal spray in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients. The primary outcome was presence or absence of laboratory‐confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 in the oral and oropharyngeal cavities after 4 days of chlorhexidine use and standard of care (study group) or standard of care only (control group). SARS‐CoV‐2 was eliminated from the oropharynx in 62.1% of patients who used chlorhexidine as an oral rinse, versus 5.5% of the control group patients. Among patients who used a combination of oral rinse and oropharyngeal spray, 86.0% eliminated oropharyngeal SARS‐CoV‐2, versus 6.3% of control patients. Chlorhexidine is a simple and safe addition to current COVID‐19 prevention guidelines and may play a significant role in reducing disease spread.