bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges to Effective Nursing Leadership: a Systematic Review
Authors: Agyeman-Prempeh Charles , Ndaago Abudu Issah , Setordzi Mawuko , Abu Philip , Tia Moses Banoya , Aboba Thomas Awine , Nyinaku Elorm Kwame 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Nurses have been at the center of major improvements in the health. However these feet could not have been achieved without effective leadership. Leadership is required on every sector such education, military and health. Effective leadership tends to blend the thoughts reflection and images as well as influencing followership to achieve a desired goal. Nursing leadership has however been confronted with major challenges despite the major achievements by the health workforce. Hence this review was to describe the findings of a systematic review of studies that examine the challenges of nursing leadership and to make recommendations for further study.Methods: The search strategy of this systematic review included six (6) electronic databases. Published studies that focused on the challenges of nursing leadership were included. Data extractions and analysis were completed on all included studies by the researcher.Results: About 29,851 articles and abstracts were screen resulting in 8 included studies. Using content analysis the challenges faced by the nursing leaders as identified in the studies were group into six (6),namely workload, Human resource recruitment and staffing, budget, Change management and team diversity, Unclear job description and patient safety and expectations. The analysis shows that the main challenge facing nursing leaders were workload, Human resource recruitment and staffing as indicated by six(6) studies with the patient safety and expectation being the least as cited by two(6) studies.Conclusion: This review concludes that nursing leadership should be looked at critically at all levels of health while giving enough support to the nurse leaders in the discharge of their duties.
Fabrication of Conifer Gum Based Metal Nano Particles for Pollution Control Applications
Authors: GOVINDASAMY RATHIKA , VELU SUBA , DURAIKKANNU SANTHANA LAKSHMI , SEKAR ROOPALA RANI 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In recent decades, the analysis of nanoparticles is of greater importance for their applications in various fields. This present work also focuses the novel biological green material to synthesize the copper and cobalt oxide nanoparticles. The copper oxide (CuO) and cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanoparticles (nps)have been synthesized by biological strategy utilizing AH (Araucaria heterophylla) gum extract. The characterization techniques, i.e. UV, GC-MS, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, HR-TEM provide concrete information about the morphology, crystalline nature and structure of the synthesized nanoparticles. The high resolution TEM and SAED images confirm the formation of spherical shaped (Co3O4) and oval shaped (CuO) isolated nanoparticles. The catalytic adequacy of the developed catalyst, copper oxide (CuO) and cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanoparticles was analyzed for the degradation of dyes: Methylene Blue (MB), Congo Red (CR), Acid Violet (AV).The kinetic investigations for the reduction of synthetic dyes by the nanoparticles were assessed and the reduction contemplates are very much fitted with the pseudo second order kinetic model with less time.The antibacterial and antifungal activity of the prepared nanoparticles have been evaluated against Escherichiacoli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillusniger and Candida albicans.
Distribution characteristics, source identification, and risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of the salt lakes in the Ordos Plateau, China
Authors: Zhang Shengyin , Zhang Shuncun , Chen Yongxin , Chen Bo , Lei Tianzhu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Salt lakes have a significant effect on the regional climate, environment, and ecology in semi-arid regions characterized by lower rainfall and high evaporation. However, under the stresses of global change and human disturbance, anthropogenic pollution is the main factor threatening the lake ecological environment. Surface sediment samples collected from four salt lakes in the Ordos Plateau were used to investigate the salinity, concentration, pollution status, potential sources of heavy metals, and influencing factors. The surface sediments of Beida Pond and Gouchi Pond were weakly alkaline (pH < 9) owing to Na2SO4, whereas those of Chaigannaoer and Hongjiannao were strongly alkaline (pH > 9) owing to Na2CO3. The concentration range of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb in the sediment samples collected from the salt lake in the Ordos followed the order of Cr > Zn > Ni > Pb > Cu > As > Cd. The Cr values were higher in Chagannaoer and Hongjiannao, but the Ni, Cu, and Zn values were higher in Beida Pond and Gouchi Pond. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and enrichment factor (EF) consistently indicated that Cr posed the greatest potential ecological risk and that Ni, Cu, and Zn pollution was more severe in Beida Pond and Gouchi Pond than in Chagannaoer or Hongjiannao. However, Er and RI indicated these heavy metals were a low risk to the environment. Risk assessment code (RAC) revealed that Pb and Cr exhibited no mobility and had low potential bioavailability risk, although Zn, Ni, and As were categorized as medium risk. Cu had the highest mobility and high risk. Principal component analysis for Beida Pond and Gouchi Pond revealed that the source of Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb might be associated with water - soluble elements in aqueous migration, and the source of Cr, Pb, and As might be lithospheric minerals carried by dust storms. Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, and Pb in Chagannaoer and Hongjiannao may be derived from surface runoff, and chemicals from these sources may eventually accumulate in sediments. Pearson’s correlation analysis indicated that pH was the main environmental factor controlling the distribution of heavy metals in Chagannaoer and Hongjiannao .
Radiographic Evaluation of Congruency of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint in Hallux Valgus
Authors: Li Yan , Tao Xu , Tang Kanglai 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background Congruency of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint is extremely important for the selection of surgical methods and prognosis, while radiographic evaluation methods are relatively lacking. The purpose of this article was to explore radiographic indicators for evaluating congruency of the first MTP joint.Methods Patients who had a weightbearing X-ray in the outpatient system were selected, excluding patients with trauma, deformity, and history of surgery. A total of 183 patients with 245 feet were included. The hallux valgus angle (HVA), distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA), metatarsophalangeal joint angle (MTPJA), congruency index (CI) and tibial sesamoid position (TSP) were measured and statistically analysed.Results The higher the degree of hallux valgus was, the higher the proportion of incongruency of the first MTP joint. Significant differences were found in the DMAA, MTPJA and CI between the congruency and incongruency groups of patients with moderate to severe hallux valgus (P<0.05). The areas under the curve (AUCs) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the MTPJA and CI were 0.906 and 0.884, the sensitivity values reached 0.791 and 0.949, the specificity values were 0.862 and 0.644, and the critical values were 10.67 and 0.765, respectively. The correlation test indicated that in the congruency group, the DMAA and HVA were positively correlated, but the MTPJA, CI and HVA had low correlation coefficients. The DMAA and HVA were not correlated in the incongruency group, while the MTPJA and HVA were significantly positively correlated and the CI and HVA showed a negative correlation (P<0.05).Conclusion The MTPJA and CI are indicators that can be used to quantitatively evaluate the congruency of the first MTP joint, taking 10° and 0.765 as the demarcation points, respectively. Clinically, congruency of the MTP joint should be considered when choosing surgical methods for different degrees of hallux valgus, and the MTPJA and CI can be used as quantitative evaluation indicators.Level of evidence: Level III, Retrospective Comparative Study
Federated Synthetic Learning from Multi-institutional and Heterogeneous Medical Data
Authors: Chang Qi , Yan Zhennan , Qu Hui , Zhang Han , Baskaran Lohendran , Zhang Shaoting , Metaxas Dimitris 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Statistically and information-wise adequate data plays a critical role in training a robust deep learning model. However, collecting sufficient medical data to train a centralized model is still challenging due to various constraints such as privacy regulations and security. In this work, we develop a novel privacy-preserving federated-discriminator GAN, named FedD-GAN, that can learn and synthesize high-quality and various medical images regardless of their type, from heterogeneous datasets residing in multiple data centers whose data cannot be transferred or shared. We trained and evaluated FedD-GAN on three essential classes of medical data, each involving different types of medical images: cardiac CTA, brain MRI, and histopathology. We show that the synthesized images using our method have better quality than using a standard federated learning method and are realistic and accurate enough to train accurate segmentation models in downstream tasks. The segmentation model trained on the synthetic data only is comparable to that trained on an all-in-one real-image dataset shared from multiple data centers if possible. FedD-GAN can learn to generate a scalable and diverse synthetic database without compromising data privacy. This synthetic database could help to boost machine learning techniques in medical data analytics.
Partially-Covered Fractal Induced Turbulence On Fins Thermal Dissipation
Authors: Chew Soon Hong , Hoi Su Min , Tran Manh-Vu , Foo Ji Jinn 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The impacts of partially-covered fractal grids induced turbulence on the forced convective heat transfer across plate-fin heat sink at Reynolds number ReDh=22.0×103 were numerically and experimentally investigated. Results showed that partially covered grids rendered a higher thermal dissipation performance, with partially covered square fractal grid (PCSFG) registering an outstanding increase of 43% in Nusselt number relative to the no grid configuration. The analyzation via an in-house developed single particle tracking velocimetry (SPTV) system displayed the findings of unique “Turbulence Annulus” formation, which provided a small degree of predictivity in the periodic annulus oscillations. Further assessments on PCSFG revealed the preferred inter-fin flow dynamics of (i) high flow velocity, (ii) strong turbulence intensity, (iii) vigorous flow fluctuations, (iv) small turbulence length scale, and (v) heightened decelerated flow events. Furthermore, power spectra density unveiled the powerful vortex shedding effect, with PCSFG achieving fluctuation frequency f=18.5Hz close to an optimal magnitude. Such intricate flow structures pave the way for superior thermal transfer capabilities, benefiting the community in developing for higher efficiency heat transfer systems.
Development of a Cost of Illness Inventory Questionnaire for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder in South Asia
Authors: Chaudhary Divya , Bhat Bhargav , Shields Gemma E , Davies Linda M , Green Jonathan , Verghis Tara , Roy Reetabrata , Kumar Divya , Kakra Minal , Vajaratkar Vivek , Lall Gitanjali , Pandey Sonakshi , Johri Sanchita , Shakeel Saani , Patel Vikram , Juneja Monica , Gulati Sheffali , Divan Gauri 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

The economic burden of autism is substantial and includes a range of costs, including healthcare, education, productivity losses, informal care and respite care, among others. In India, approximately, 2 million children aged 2-9 years have autism. Given the likely substantial burden of illness and the need to identify effective and cost-effective interventions, this research aimed to produce a comprehensive cost of illness inventory (COII) suitable for children with autism in South Asia (India) to support future research.
Methods

A structured and iterative design process was followed to create the COII, including literature reviews, interviews with caregivers, pilot testing and translation. Across the development of the COII, thirty-two families were involved in the design and piloting of the tool. The COII was forward translated (from English to Hindi) and back translated. Each stage of the process of development of the COII resulted in the further refinement of the tool.
Results

Domains covered in the final COII include education, childcare, relocation, healthcare contacts (outpatient, inpatient, medical emergencies, investigations and medication), religious retreats and rituals, specialist equipment, workshops and training, special diet, support and care, certification, occupational adjustments and government rebates/schemes. Administration and completion of the COII determined it to be feasible to complete in 35 minutes by qualified and trained researchers. The final COII is hosted by REDCap Cloud and is a bilingual instrument (Hindi and English).
Conclusions

The COII was developed using experiences gathered from an iterative process in a metropolitan area within the context of one low- and middle-income country (LMIC) setting, India. Compared to COII tools used for children with autism in high-income country settings, additional domains were required, such as complimentary medication (e.g. religious retreats and homeopathy). The COII will allow future research to quantify the cost of illness of autism in India from a broad perspective and will support relevant economic evaluations. Understanding the process of developing the questionnaire will help researchers working in LMICs needing to adapt the current COII or developing similar questionnaires.
The Influence of Clinical Nurses' Empathy on their Death Competence: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study
Authors: Wang Jiahao , Chen Zhengying , Liu Yiting , Liao Xiaoli , Long Liuxin , Li Yamin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundEmpathy and death competence are important competences for clinical nurses. However, there is no clear consensus about what impact empathy has on death competency. Our study aimed to understand the status of the empathy and death competence of clinical nurses in China and to explore the effect of empathy on their competence.MethodsFor a survey conducted from May–June 2021, 1415 clinical nurses were selected by convenience sampling as the research objects. The Coping with Death Scale, the Jefferson Scale of Empathy—Health Professionals and a general information questionnaire designed by the researchers were used to investigate the status of the empathy and death competence of clinical nurses. The relationship between empathy and death competence was analysed by Pearson correlation, and the influence of the empathy of clinical nurses on their death competence was analysed by a hierarchical regression model.ResultPearson correlation analysis revealed that death competence was positively correlated with each dimension of empathy. Hierarchical regression model analysis revealed that after controlling for the influence of general information, nurses' empathy had a significant influence on their death competence, and this independently explained 5.8% of the variance in death competence.ConclusionsThe death competence of the clinical nurses in this sample was moderate to low level. Emotional nursing and transposition thinking are important influencing factors of death competence. Nursing managers should improve the empathy of clinical nurses to promote their death competence.
Isolation and Identification of a New Strain of Nervous Necrosis Virus from the Big-belly Seahorse Hippocampus Abdominalis in China
Authors: Chen Xinxin , Qi Jianfei , He Libin , Luo Huiyu , Lin Jinbo , Qiu Fengyan , Wang Qing , Zheng Leyun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Betanodaviruses , members of the Nodaviridae family, are the causative agents of viral nervous necrosis (VNN) in fish, resulting in great economic losses worldwide. Methods: In this study, we isolated a virus strain named seahorse nervous necrosis virus (SHNNV) from cultured big-belly seahorses Hippocampus abdominalis in Xiamen city, Fujian Province, China. Cell isolation, PCR detection, phylogenetic analysis, qRT-PCR, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and histology were used for virus identification and analysis of virus histopathology. Furthermore, an artificial infection experiment was conducted for virulence testing. Results: Brain and eye tissue homogenates of diseased big-belly seahorses were inoculated onto a grouper spleen (GS) cell monolayer at 28°C. Tissue homogenates induced obvious cytopathic effects in GS cells. PCR and sequencing analyses revealed that the virus belonged to Betanodavirus and shared high sequence identity with red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) isolates. qRT-PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed that SHNNV mainly attacked the brain and eye. Histopathological examination revealed that the virus led to cytoplasmic vacuolation in the brain and retinal tissues. Infection experiments confirmed that SHNNV was highly infectious, causing massive death in big-belly seahorses. Conclusion: A novel seahorse betanodavirus from the big-belly seahorse in China was discovered. This finding will contribute to the development of efficient strategies for disease management in aquaculture.
Spatiotemporal Regulation of The Bovine Oviduct Fluid Proteome Around The Time of Ovulation
Authors: Mahé Coline , Lavigne Régis , Com Emmanuelle , Pineau Charles , Locatelli Yann , Zlotkowska Aleksandra Maria , Almiñana Carmen , Tsikis Guillaume , Mermillod Pascal , Schoen Jennifer , Saint-Dizier Marie 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Unraveling the oviduct fluid (OF) and its regulation is crucial to understand the microenvironment in which sperm capacitation, fertilization and early embryo development take place. Therefore, our aim was to determine the spatiotemporal changes in the OF proteome according to the anatomical region of the oviduct (ampulla vs. isthmus), the proximity of the ovulating ovary (ipsilateral vs. contralateral side) and the peri-ovulatory stage (pre-ovulatory or Pre-ov vs. post-ovulatory or Post-ov). Oviducts from adult cyclic cows were collected at a local slaughterhouse and pools of OF were analyzed by nanoLC-MS/MS and label-free protein quantification (n=32 OF pools for all region ´ stage ´ side conditions). A total of 3,760 proteins were identified in the OF, of which 37% were predicted to be secreted. The oviduct region was the major source of variation in protein abundance, followed by the proximity of the ovulating ovary and finally the peri-ovulatory stage. Differentially abundant proteins between regions, stages and sides were involved in a broad variety of biological functions, including protein binding, response to stress, cell-to-cell adhesion, calcium homeostasis and the immune system. This work highlights the dynamic regulation of oviduct secretions and provides new protein candidates for interactions between the maternal environment, the gametes and the early embryo.
Optimized Data-Independent Acquisition Approach for Proteomic Analysis at Single-Cell Level
Authors: Wang Yuefan , Lih T. Mamie , Chen Lijun , Xu Yuanwei , Kuczler Morgan , Cao Liwei , Pienta Kenneth , Amend Sarah , Zhang Hui 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Single-cell proteomic analysis provides valuable insights into cellular heterogeneity allowing the characterization of the cellular microenvironment which is difficult to accomplish in bulk proteomic analysis. Currently, single-cell proteomic studies utilize data-dependent acquisition (DDA) mass spectrometry (MS) coupled with a TMT labelled carrier channel. Due to the extremely imbalanced MS signals among the carrier channel and other TMT reporter ions, the quantification is compromised. Thus, data-independent acquisition (DIA)-MS should be considered as an alternative approach towards single-cell proteomic study since it generates reproducible quantitative data. However, there are limited reports on the optimal workflow for DIA-MS-based single-cell analysis. Herein, we report an optimized DIA workflow for single-cell proteomics using Orbitrap Lumos Tribrid instrument. We utilized a breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) and induced drug resistant polyaneuploid cancer cells (PACCs) to evaluate our established workflow. We found that a short LC gradient was preferable for peptides extracted from single cell level with less than 2 ng sample amount. The total number of co-searching peptide precursors was also critical for protein and peptide identifications at nano- and sub-nano-gram levels. Post-translationally modified peptides could be identified from a nano-gram level of peptides. Using the optimized workflow, up to 1,500 protein groups were identified from a single PACC corresponding to 0.2 ng of peptides. Furthermore, about 200 peptides with phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination were identified from global DIA analysis of 100 cisplatin resistant PACCs (20 ng). Finally, we used this optimized DIA approach to compare the whole proteome of MDA-MB-231 parental cells and induced PACCs at a single-cell level. We found the single-cell level comparison could reflect real protein expression changes and identify the protein copy number. Our results demonstrate that the optimized DIA pipeline can serve as a reliable quantitative tool for single-cell as well as sub-nano-gram proteomic analysis.
Calpain7 Negatively Regulates Human Endometrial Stromal Cell Decidualization in Endometriosis by Promoting FoxO1’s Phosphorylation and Nuclear Exclusion via Hydrolyzing AKT1
Authors: Kang Nannan , Shan Huizhi , Wang Junxia , Mei Jie , Jiang Yue , Zhou Jidong , Huang Chenyang , Zhang Hui , Zhang Mei , Zhen Xin , Yan Guijun , Sun Haixiang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

Endometrial receptivity damage caused by impaired decidualization may be one of the mechanisms of infertility in endometriosis (EMs). Our previous study demonstrated that Calpain-7 (CAPN7) is abnormally overexpressed in EMs. Whether CAPN7 affects the regulation of decidualization and by what mechanism CAPN7 regulates decidualization remains to be determined.
Methods

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to assess the CAPN7 expression in human endometria. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), western blotting, ELIFA and ELISA were applied to explore PRL and IGFBP-1 expressions in decidualized human endometrial stromal cells (HESC). Immunofluorescence analysis and the nuclear and cytoplasmic protein extract assay were employed to test CAPN7’s affection on FoxO1’s location in HESC. Western blotting was used to explore the regulatory mechanism of CAPN7 to AKT1/FoxO1 signalling pathway.
Results

In this study, we found CAPN7 expression decreased during human endometrial stromal cell (HESC) decidualization in vitro. CAPN7 negatively regulated decidualization in vitro and in vivo. We also identified one conserved potential PEST sequence in the AKT1 protein and found that CAPN7 was able to hydrolyse AKT1 and enhance AKT1’s phosphorylation. Correspondingly, CAPN7 notably promoted the phosphorylation of Forkhead Box O1 (FoxO1), the downstream of AKT1 protein, at Ser319, leading to increased FoxO1 exclusion from nuclei and attenuated FoxO1 transcriptional activity in decidualized HESC. In addition, we detected endometrium CAPN7, p-AKT1 and p-FoxO1 expressions were increased in EMs.
Conclusions

These data demonstrate that CAPN7 negatively regulates HESC decidualization in EMs probably by promoting FoxO1’s phosphorylation and FoxO1 nuclear exclusion via hydrolyzing AKT1. The dysregulation of CAPN7 may be a novel cause of EMs.