bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Culturally Relevant Approach to Food Customs in the German Curriculum
Authors: Brown Joshua R. , Devick Tristan , Zielinski Connor 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo facilitate a more affirming classroom, this article highlights the implementation of culturally relevant and critical pedagogies of language learning to address issues related to social awareness in the language classroom. By appealing to cultural backgrounds of students and cultural backgrounds of diverse German‐speaking populations, students learn more about social and cultural realities in the diverse world around them. In a culturally relevant classroom, educators increase opportunities for social awareness and meaningful dialogue about social issues by making German classrooms sites of diversity learning and relevant places for critical exchange. This article shares one component of our ongoing efforts to make our entire degree program more diverse by using culturally relevant pedagogy.
Teaching Self‐Regulated Learning in Combination with Sustainability and Community Engagement
Authors: Fischer Nicole 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article introduces an intermediate‐high to advanced topic‐based German course that teaches sustainability and self‐regulated learning and includes a community engagement project. The theoretical introduction illustrates why combining the three topics of sustainability, self‐regulated learning, and community engagement is desirable for German programs. Additionally, the article shows how a course can be designed in two scaffolding cycles to teach students these three topics. The first scaffolding cycle, an in‐class unit framed around the filmWackersdorf(Fliess, 2018), starts a conversation about sustainability and introduces six steps that will help students plan and conduct their community engagement project. In a second scaffolding cycle, students prepare and implement a community engagement project as their primary task. The article also reflects how the instructor can prepare and evaluate a community engagement project and how a portfolio assignment can be a valuable tool to monitor students' progress. Additionally, the article introduces two examples of successful community projects.
Whipple's disease in renal transplant recipients: Management experience of seven cases from Pakistan
Authors: Nasim Asma , Dodani Sunil Kumar , Badlani Sanjay , Babar Zaheer Udin , Shakil Shaheera , Mubarak Mohammad , Luck Nasir , Aziz Tahir 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionWhipple's disease (WD) is a rare multi‐systemic disorder caused by actinomycetes, Tropheryma whipplei. It presents with weight loss, arthralgia, and diarrhea and may involve the heart, lung, or central nervous system. The use of immunosuppressive medications or underlying immunodeficiency states are associated risk factors. Six cases in transplant recipients have so far been reported worldwide. We describe our experience of WD in renal transplant recipients.MethodsAll renal transplant recipients who presented with diarrhea and were diagnosed with WD on duodenal biopsy from 2016 till 2019 were included. Their data regarding duration since transplantation, immunosuppressive therapy, symptoms, treatment response, and outcome were analyzed.ResultsSeven cases were diagnosed as WD based on duodenal biopsy, with histological findings of periodic acid Schiff‐positive granules in macrophages. All were males. The most common symptoms were chronic diarrhea and weight loss. Average time since transplantation was 4.8 years. All patients were on azathioprine and everolimus. Clinical relapse or adverse effects was seen in five of seven patients treated with doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine which was discontinued. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for 1 year, with initial intravenous ceftriaxone in two patients, resulted in complete remission in all patients at a follow‐up period averaging 1.5 years.ConclusionWDs in renal transplant recipients most commonly presents as an intestinal disorder. Treatment of 1 year with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole has good response with complete remission at 1.5 years of follow up.
Knowledge Gaps: A Challenge for Agent‐Based Automatic Task Completion
Authors: Bajaj Goonmeet , Current Sean , Schmidt Daniel , Bandyopadhyay Bortik , Myers Christopher W. , Parthasarathy Srinivasan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe study of human cognition and the study of artificial intelligence (AI) have a symbiotic relationship, with advancements in one field often informing or creating new work in the other. Human cognition has many capabilities modern AI systems cannot compete with. One such capability is the detection, identification, and resolution of knowledge gaps (KGs). Using these capabilities as inspiration, we examine how to incorporate detection, identification, and resolution of KGs in artificial agents. We present a paradigm that enables research on the understanding of KGs for visual‐linguistic communication. We leverage and enhance and existing KG taxonomy to identify possible KGs that can occur for visual question answer (VQA) tasks and use these findings to develop a classifier to identify questions that could be engineered to contain specific KG types for other VQA datasets. Additionally, we examine the performance of different VQA models through the lens of KGs.
Modulation of JA signalling reveals the influence of StJAZ1‐like on tuber initiation and tuber bulking in potato
Authors: Begum Shahnewaz , Jing Shenglin , Yu Liu , Sun Xiaomeng , Wang Enshuang , Abu Kawochar Md , Qin Jun , Liu Jun , Song Botao 
Published: November 2021

SUMMARYPhytohormones and their interactions play critical roles in Solanum tuberosum (potato) tuberization. The stimulatory role of jasmonic acid (JA) in tuber development is well established because of its significant promotion of tuber initiation and tuber bulking. However, the dynamics and potential function of JA signalling in potato tuberization remain largely unknown. The present study investigated the role of the JAZ1 subtype, a suppressor of JA signalling, in potato tuberization. Using 35S:StJAZ1‐like‐GUS as a reporter, we showed that JA signalling was attenuated from the bud end to the stem end shortly after tuber initiation. Overexpression of StJAZ1‐like suppressed tuber initiation by restricting the competence for tuber formation in stolon tips, as demonstrated by grafting an untransformed potato cultivar to the stock of StJAZ1‐like‐overexpressing transgenic potato plants (StJAZ1‐like ox). In addition, transcriptional profiling analysis revealed that StJAZ1‐like modulates the expression of genes associated with transcriptional regulators, cell cycle, cytoskeleton and phytohormones. Furthermore, we showed that StJAZ1‐like is destabilised upon treatment with abcisic acid (ABA), and the attenuated tuberization phenotype in StJAZ1‐like ox plants can be partially rescued by ABA treatment. Altogether, these results revealed that StJAZ1‐like‐mediated JA signalling plays an essential role in potato tuberization.
Monitoring calcium handling by the plant endoplasmic reticulum with a low‐Ca2+‐affinity targeted aequorin reporter
Authors: Cortese Enrico , Moscatiello Roberto , Pettiti Francesca , Carraretto Luca , Baldan Barbara , Frigerio Lorenzo , Vothknecht Ute C. , Szabo Ildiko , De Stefani Diego , Brini Marisa , Navazio Lorella 
Published: November 2021

SUMMARYPrecise measurements of dynamic changes in free Ca2+ concentration in the lumen of the plant endoplasmic reticulum (ER) have been lacking so far, despite increasing evidence for the contribution of this intracellular compartment to Ca2+ homeostasis and signalling in the plant cell. In the present study, we targeted an aequorin chimera with reduced Ca2+ affinity to the ER membrane and facing the ER lumen. To this aim, the cDNA for a low‐Ca2+‐affinity aequorin variant (AEQmut) was fused to the nucleotide sequence encoding a non‐cleavable N‐terminal ER signal peptide (fl2). The correct targeting of fl2‐AEQmut was confirmed by immunocytochemical analyses in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) seedlings. An experimental protocol well‐established in animal cells – consisting of ER Ca2+ depletion during photoprotein reconstitution followed by ER Ca2+ refilling – was applied to carry out ER Ca2+ measurements in planta. Rapid and transient increases of the ER luminal Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]ER) were recorded in response to different environmental stresses, displaying stimulus‐specific Ca2+ signatures. The comparative analysis of ER and chloroplast Ca2+ dynamics indicates a complex interplay of these organelles in shaping cytosolic Ca2+ signals during signal transduction events. Our data highlight significant differences in basal [Ca2+]ER and Ca2+ handling by plant ER compared to the animal counterpart. The set‐up of an ER‐targeted aequorin chimera extends and complements the currently available toolkit of organelle‐targeted Ca2+ indicators by adding a reporter that improves our quantitative understanding of Ca2+ homeostasis in the plant endomembrane system.
The disaster trap: Cyclones, tourism, colonial legacies, and the systemic feedbacks exacerbating disaster risk
Authors: Lazarus Eli D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe long, open‐ended period of recovery from a disaster event is the phase of a disaster that the interdisciplinary field of disaster studies struggles to understand. In the process of rebuilding, places do not simply reset – they transform, often in ways that confound any reduction of disaster risk, instead making people and settings more vulnerable to future hazard events. Reducing disaster risk is regarded as a global priority, but policies intended to reduce disaster risk have been largely ineffective. This obduracy represents a grand challenge in disaster studies. Here, I propose that the correlated trends of runaway economic costs of disaster events, growing social inequity, environmental degradation, and resistance to policy intervention in disaster settings are hallmark indicators of a system trap – a dynamic in which self‐reinforcing feedbacks drive a system toward an undesirable and seemingly inescapable state, with negative consequences that tend to amplify each other over time. I offer that these trends in disaster settings are the collective expression of an especially powerful and distinct kind of system trap, which here I term the “disaster trap” – a new theoretical concept to help explain and address runaway disaster risk. I suggest that disaster traps are likely strongest in tourism‐dominated coastal settings with high exposure to tropical cyclones and colonial histories of racial capitalism, which I explore with an empirical illustration from Antigua & Barbuda. Formalising a linkage between gilded and safe‐development traps matters because their effects likely compound each other nonlinearly, such that disaster risk only increases and disaster risk reduction becomes increasingly difficult to achieve. Addressing traps requires understanding them as dynamic systems, described as fundamentally and completely as possible – their components, mechanisms, drivers, and structure – in order to reveal when and where interventions might be most effective at reducing disaster risk.
The lysosomal trafficking regulator is necessary for normal wound healing
Authors: Zbinden Jacob C. , Mirhaidari Gabriel J. M. , Blum Kevin M. , Musgrave Andrew J. , Reinhardt James W. , Breuer Christopher K. , Barker Jenny C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNon‐healing wounds are a major threat to public health throughout the United States. Tissue healing is complex multifactorial process that requires synchronicity of several cell types. Endolysosomal trafficking, which contributes to various cell functions from protein degradation to plasma membrane repair, is an understudied process in the context of wound healing. The lysosomal trafficking regulator protein (LYST) is an essential protein of the endolysosomal system through an indeterminate mechanism. In this study, we examine the impact of impaired LYST function both in vitro with primary LYST mutant fibroblasts as well as in vivo with an excisional wound model. The wound model shows that LYST mutant mice have impaired wound healing in the form of delayed epithelialization and collagen deposition, independent of macrophage infiltration and polarisation. We show that LYST mutation confers a deficit in MCP‐1, IGF‐1, and IGFBP‐2 secretion in beige fibroblasts, which are critical factors in normal wound healing. Identifying the mechanism of LYST function is important for understanding normal wound biology, which may facilitate the development of strategies to address problem wound healing.
Testing Kerr black hole mimickers with quasi-periodic oscillations from GRO J1655-40
Authors: Jiang Xin , Wang Peng , Wu Houwen , Yang Haitang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe measurements of quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) provide a quite powerful tool to test the nature of astrophysical black hole candidates in the strong gravitational field regime. In this paper, we use QPOs within the relativistic precession model to test a recently proposed family of rotating black hole mimickers, which reduce to the Kerr metric in a limiting case, and can represent traversable wormholes or regular black holes with one or two horizons, depending on the values of the parameters. In particular, assuming that the compact object of GRO J1655-40 is described by a rotating black hole mimicker, we perform a $$\chi $$
χ
-square analysis to fit the parameters of the mimicker with two sets of observed QPO frequencies from GRO J1655-40. Our results indicate that although the metric around the compact object of GRO J1655-40 is consistent with the Kerr metric, a regular black hole with one horizon is favored by the observation data of GRO J1655-40.
The presence of occupational structure in online texts based on word embedding NLP models
Authors: Kmetty Zoltán , Koltai Júlia , Rudas Tamás 
Published: November 2021

AbstractResearch on social stratification is closely linked to analyzing the prestige associated with different occupations. This research focuses on the positions of occupations in the semantic space represented by large amounts of textual data. The results are compared to standard results in social stratification to see whether the classical results are reproduced and if additional insights can be gained into the social positions of occupations. The paper gives an affirmative answer to both questions.The results show a fundamental similarity of the occupational structure obtained from text analysis to the structure described by prestige and social distance scales. While our research reinforces many theories and empirical findings of the traditional body of literature on social stratification and, in particular, occupational hierarchy, it pointed to the importance of a factor not discussed in the mainline of stratification literature so far: the power and organizational aspect.
Choroidal Vascularity Index as a Biomarker for Visual Response to Antivascular Endothelial Growth Factor Treatment in Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Dou Ningxin , Yu Shanshan , Tsui Ching-Kit , Yang Boyu , Lin Jianqiang , Lu Xi , Xu Yue , Wu Benjuan , Zhao Jinfeng , Liang Xiaoling 
Published: November 2021

Purpose. To investigate the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) as a prognostic factor for the visual efficacy of antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment in diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods. We retrospectively reviewed 92 DME eyes receiving anti-VEGF treatment, which were stratified as responders (≥5 letters gained) and nonresponders (<5 letters gained or lost). Baseline systematic features and optical coherence tomography features, including the CVI, adjusted ellipsoid zone (EZ) reflectivity, subretinal fluid (SRF), and disorganization of the retinal inner layers (DRIL), were evaluated between the two groups. Results. The baseline CVI was significantly lower in nonresponders than in responders (

0.66
±
0.05

,

0.69
±
0.05

, and

0.72
±
0.05

,

p
=
0.014

). After adjusting for other factors, the baseline CVI, DRIL, SRF, and adjusted EZ reflectivity were significantly associated with visual outcomes (CVI:

odds

ratio

OR

=
0.17

,

p
=
0.006

; adjusted EZ reflectivity:

OR
=
0.56

,

p
=
0.007

; DRIL:

OR
=
6.71

,

p
=
0.001

; and SRF:

OR
=
0.29

,

p
=
0.008

). Conclusion. DME patients with a higher CVI, higher adjusted EZ reflectivity, the presence of SRF, and the absence of DRIL at baseline were more likely to gain >5 letters in visual acuity after anti-VEGF treatment. CVI may serve as a novel biomarker for visual response to anti-VEGF treatment in DME.
Pamiparib Monotherapy for Patients with Germline BRCA1/2-Mutated Ovarian Cancer Previously Treated with at Least Two Lines of Chemotherapy: A Multicenter, Open-Label, Phase II Study
Authors: Wu Xiaohua , Zhu Jianqing , Wang Jing , Lin Zhongqiu , Yin Rutie , Sun Wei , Zhou Qi , Zhang Songling , Wang Danbo , Shi Hong , Gao Yunong , Huang Yi , Li Guiling , Wang Xiuli , Cheng Ying , Lou Ge , Gao Qinglei , Wang Li , Du Xiuping , Pan Mei , Mu Xiyan , Li Li , Li Miao , Mu Song , Kong Beihua 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
Phase I results of this phase I/II study showed that pamiparib 60 mg twice a day had antitumor activity and an acceptable safety profile in Chinese patients with advanced cancer, including epithelial ovarian cancer.

Patients and Methods:
This open-label phase II study was conducted in China and enrolled adult (≥18 years) patients with platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer (PSOC; disease progression occurring ≥6 months after last platinum treatment) or platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (PROC; disease progression occurring &lt;6 months after last platinum treatment). Eligible patients had known or suspected deleterious germline BRCA mutation (gBRCAmut) and had previously received ≥2 lines of therapy. Pamiparib 60 mg orally twice a day was administered until disease progression, toxicity, or patient withdrawal. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) assessed by independent review committee (IRC) per RECIST version 1.1.

Results:
In the total patient population (N = 113; PSOC, n = 90; PROC, n = 23), median age was 54 years (range, 34–79) and 25.6% of patients received ≥4 prior systemic chemotherapy lines. Median study follow-up was 12.2 months (range, 0.2–21.5). Eighty-two patients with PSOC and 19 patients with PROC were evaluable for efficacy. In patients with PSOC, 8 achieved a complete response (CR) and 45 achieved a partial response (PR); ORR was 64.6% [95% confidence interval (CI), 53.3–74.9]. In patients with PROC, 6 achieved a PR; ORR was 31.6% (95% CI, 12.6–56.6). Frequently reported grade ≥3 adverse events were hematologic toxicities, including anemia and decreased neutrophil count.

Conclusions:
Pamiparib 60 mg twice a day showed antitumor activity with durable responses in patients with PSOC or PROC with gBRCAmut, and had a manageable safety profile.
Perioperative ctDNA-Based Molecular Residual Disease Detection for Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study (LUNGCA-1)
Authors: Xia Liang , Mei Jiandong , Kang Ran , Deng Senyi , Chen Yaohui , Yang Ying , Feng Gang , Deng Yulan , Gan Fanyi , Lin Yidan , Pu Qiang , Ma Lin , Lin Feng , Yuan Yong , Hu Yang , Guo Chenglin , Liao Hu , Liu Chengwu , Zhu Yunke , Wang Wenping , Liu Zheng , Xu Yuyang , Li Kaidi , Li Chuan , Li Qingyun , He Ji , Chen Weizhi , Zhang Xiaolong , Kou Yingli , Wang Yun , Wu Zhu , Che Guowei , Chen Longqi , Liu Lunxu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
We assessed whether perioperative circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) could be a biomarker for early detection of molecular residual disease (MRD) and prediction of postoperative relapse in resected non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Experimental Design:
Based on our prospective, multicenter cohort on dynamic monitoring of ctDNA in lung cancer surgery patients (LUNGCA), we enrolled 950 plasma samples obtained at three perioperative time points (before surgery, 3 days and 1 month after surgery) of 330 stage I–III NSCLC patients (LUNGCA-1), as a part of the LUNGCA cohort. Using a customized 769-gene panel, somatic mutations in tumor tissues and plasma samples were identified with next-generation sequencing and utilized for ctDNA-based MRD analysis.

Results:
Preoperative ctDNA positivity was associated with lower recurrence-free survival (RFS; HR = 4.2; P &lt; 0.001). The presence of MRD (ctDNA positivity at postoperative 3 days and/or 1 month) was a strong predictor for disease relapse (HR = 11.1; P &lt; 0.001). ctDNA-based MRD had a higher relative contribution to RFS prediction than all clinicopathologic variables such as the TNM stage. Furthermore, MRD-positive patients who received adjuvant therapies had improved RFS over those not receiving adjuvant therapy (HR = 0.3; P = 0.008), whereas MRD-negative patients receiving adjuvant therapies had lower RFS than their counterparts without adjuvant therapy (HR = 3.1; P &lt; 0.001). After adjusting for clinicopathologic variables, whether receiving adjuvant therapies remained an independent factor for RFS in the MRD-positive population (P = 0.002) but not in the MRD-negative population (P = 0.283).

Conclusions:
Perioperative ctDNA analysis is effective in early detection of MRD and relapse risk stratification of NSCLC, and hence could benefit NSCLC patient management.
Anthropogenic perturbation modifies interactions between mammals and fruits in a tropical forest of southern Mexico
Authors: Zamora-Espinoza Mayra , López-Acosta Juan Carlos , Mendoza Eduardo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Studies of tropical mammal defaunation highlight the loss of species as well as their reduction in abundance and diversity; however, there is a complex series of effects associated with this anthropogenic disruption, including increases in the relative abundance of disturbance-tolerant mammals and the arrival of alien mammals whose effects on biotic interactions have been poorly studied. We compared the species richness, composition, interaction strength, and patterns of daily activity of mammals that consume the fruits of Pouteria sapota on the forest floor, both inside and outside of the Los Tuxtlas Field Station (LTFS) in Veracruz, southern Mexico. Using camera traps, we recorded eight mammal species interacting with the fruits inside the LTFS ( trees) and nine species interacting outside ( trees). Alien species such as Canis lupus familiaris were recorded both inside and outside of the LTFS, whereas Bos taurus was only recorded outside. Medium-sized generalist mammals were overrepresented both inside and outside of the LTFS, evidencing an impoverishment of the fauna, when compared to the mammal assemblage reported to interact with P. sapota fruits in a more intact forest. The daily activity patterns of the mammals that interacted strongly with P. sapota fruits were different inside and outside the LTFS, particularly in the case of Cuniculus paca. Our results show that the impact of human activity is highly pervasive, directly affecting the mammalian fauna at different levels and indirectly affecting the biotic interactions in which these animals are involved.