bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Adding Herbal Extracts to Drinking Water on Body Temperature, Level of Thyroid Hormones and H:L Ratio in the Blood of Broiler Chickens Exposed to Elevated Ambient Temperature
Authors: Skomorucha Iwona , Sosnówka-Czajka Ewa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of supplementing drinking water with extracts from lemon balm, sage and nettle on body temperature, level of thyroid hormones and the heterophil to lymphocyte (H:L) ratio in the blood of broiler chickens exposed to elevated rearing temperature. One-day-old Ross 308 chicks were divided into four groups: group I (CON) and experimental groups II (LB), II (S) and IV (N), in which, from 22 to 42 days of rearing, drinkers were supplemented with lemon balm extract, sage extract or nettle extract (2 ml/l water), respectively. In addition, at 5 weeks of growth, all the groups were exposed to elevated ambient temperature (up to 30°C) for 5 days, after which the recommended thermal conditions were reinstated. During the study, mortality, rectal temperature and radiated temperature of the broilers were monitored. Blood was collected from 10 birds per group to determine the concentration of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and to make blood smears. The H:L ratio was determined based on the percentage of heterophils (H) and lymphocytes (L). The herbal extracts from lemon balm, sage and nettle, added to drinking water at 2 ml/l, reduced the blood level of the thyroid hormone (triiodothyronine) and rectal temperature in the experimental broilers during the initial period of thermal stress. Chickens receiving the nettle extract were also characterised by lower radiated temperature of the unfeathered body, a lower H:L ratio in the blood during the increase in ambient temperature, and the lowest mortality percentage. It can therefore be considered that the dietary supplementation of nettle, in the form and concentration used in this study, had the most favourable effect on the physiological status of the birds (body temperature, level of thyroid hormones and H:L ratio) exposed to elevated ambient temperatures (30°C), and thus on their welfare.
Emissions of Gaseous Pollutants from Pig Farms and Methods for their Reduction – A Review
Authors: Chmielowiec-Korzeniowska Anna , Tymczyna Leszek , Wlazło Łukasz , Trawińska Beata , Ossowski Mateusz 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Agriculture contributes significantly to anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG). Livestock production, including pig production, is associated with several gaseous pollutants released into the atmosphere, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including alcohols, aldehydes, and aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, as well as typically odorous pollutants, are an inseparable element of raising and breeding farm animals. These emissions can degrade local and regional air quality, contribute to surface water eutrophication and acid rain, and increase the greenhouse gas footprint of the production sector. The paper is organized as follows. First, the sources and factors influencing the level of emissions from pig houses are described. Next, the effects of dietary methods (optimization of animal diets), hygienic methods (including microclimate optimization) and technological methods (application of technological solutions) for mitigating emissions from pigs are discussed.
Genetic diversity and structure analysis of Croatian garlic collection assessed by SSR markers
Authors: Poljuha Danijela , Franić Mario , Kralj Ines , Weber Tim , Šatović Zlatko , Ban Dean , Toth Nina , Dumičić Gvozden , Kereša Snježana , da Cunha Camila Pinto , Goreta Ban Smiljana 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study examines genetic diversity and structure of a Croatian garlic germplasm collection using 13 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A total of 71 alleles were observed across 64 accessions representing 3 Croatian regions (Istria, Dalmatia and continental Croatia) and 16 foreign landraces, with an average of 5.46 alleles per locus. Among the 80 accessions analysed, 61 distinct multilocus genotypes (MLG) were identified, of which 51 represented unique genotypes and the remaining accessions were divided into 10 MLG groups, comprising potential duplicates or redundant genotypes. Model-based Bayesian and hierarchical UPGMA clustering approaches revealed five major groups within the collection which partially correlated with geographical origin. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that the majority (87.71%) of the total molecular diversity is within the Croatian groups of accessions, even though a significant share (12.29%) of diversity derived from genetic diversity among groups. These results support regional structuring, as well as the existence of significant diversity within local populations. This study is the first comprehensive report on an extensive evaluation of genetic resources of garlic maintained by Croatia with the aim of setting the course for future preservation strategies with particular emphasis on the value of diversity in the context of climate change both on macro and micro levels.
Depositional environment of the Bagh-e-Vang Formation – the only occurrence of upper Lower Permian in Iran
Authors: Yegane Bizhan Yousefi , van Loon Tom A.J. , Fard Sakine Arefi , Farahpour Mohammad Mehdi , Sharahi Safoora Yasbolaghi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA transgression of the Tethys Ocean occurred in east central Iran, like in other areas of the Tethys Ocean, around the Yakhtashian/Bolorian (regional chronostratigraphical units corresponding with the Artinskian/Kungurian of the Early Permian) transition. This led to the development of a carbonate platform that is represented in the Shirgesht area on the northern part of the Tabas Block by the Bagh-e-Vang Formation, which constitutes the only known sedimentary unit from the late Early Permian in Iran. Field data and thin-section analysis indicate deposition on a carbonate ramp with barriers separating a lagoonal area with intertidal mud flats from the open-marine environment. The overall transgressive development is indicated by the presence of open-marine sediments on top of the barrier and lagoonal sediments.
Lacustrine deltas and subaqueous fans: almost the same, but different – a review
Authors: Gruszka Beata , Zieliński Tomasz 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlthough deltas and subaqueous fans are both formed in the same near-shore zones of basins, the hydraulic conditions for their formation, development and sedimentary records are different. The present review discusses the results of previously published studies of fan deltas (Gilbert-type deltas) and subaqueous fans of lacustrine and glaciolacustrine environments. The depositional mechanisms of deltas and subaqueous fans, textural and structural features of the lithofacies associations and their typical lithofacies are presented. The characteristics of subaqueous fans, which are still relatively poorly understood and are often overlooked in sedimentological interpretations of lacustrine sedimentary successions, receive particular attention. The palaeoenvironmental and lithological differences between deltas and sub-aqueous fans are highlighted.
Interpretations of the Relationship Between Theatre and Crisis
Authors: Cozma Diana 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The paper aims to analyse the relationship between theatre and crisis from the viewpoint of the role played by the theatre in exploring and presenting extreme situations, namely crisis situations. The impact of crisis on theatre determines the apparition of different theatrical viewpoints which are not meant to offer concrete solutions to the crisis, but which may contribute to the identification of possible ways of solving it due to its capacity to reveal certain aspects of the crisis which manifests itself on different levels of reality. At the same time, this relationship is viewed from the perspective of Antonin Artaud, The Living Theatre, Jerzy Grotowski and Samuel Beckett. Moreover, the paper makes reference to the fact that, in the current pandemic, the theatre performance faces a specific crisis, that is the crisis of audience.
OPTIMASI PRODUKSI CRUMB RUBBER DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN LINEAR PROGRAMMING
Authors: Devani Vera , Kartika Putri 
Published: May 2021

PT. PPB merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang industry karet. Perusahaan tersebut memproduksi crumb rubber SIR 10 dan crumb rubber SIR 20. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Linear Programming. Linear programming adalah merupakan suatu metoda penyelesaikan solusi optimum dengan memperhatikan pengalokasian sumber daya yang tersedia. Dari hasil penelitian dapat diperoleh keuntungan optimal perusahaan untuk satu kali produksi sebesar Rp 69.473.690 dan perusahaan mampu memproduksi produk crumb rubber SIR 10 sebesar 1,05 kali produksi dalam satu hari. Kebutuhan waktu setiap proses produksi adalah pencucian 1,05 jam, pemecahan 1,76 jam, penggilingan 2,63 jam, pengeringan 454,72 jam, dan packing 1,05 jam. Kebutuhan bahan baku 33,68 ton dan tenaga kerja 40 orang. Berdasarkan analisis sensitivitas diperoleh bahwa perubahan yang dilakukan terhadap solusi optimum masih berada pada nilai tolerasi yang ditetapkan oleh perusahaan
Construction Development and Its Impact on the Construction Enterprises Financial Results
Authors: Pavelko Olha , Lazaryshyna Inna , Dukhnovska Liudmyla , Sharova Svitlana , Oliіnyk Tetіana , Donenko Iryna 
Published: May 2021

The article aims to monitor the construction development dynamics in Ukraine in recent years and substantiate its impact on the construction enterprises' financial results in general. The existing factors of development of construction in Ukraine are analyzed. The following groups: political, raw, industrial, environmental, consumer, infrastructure and investment, macroeconomic, financial, social, and innovative are identified. The influence of the factors mentioned above on the financial results of construction enterprises activity and the generating factors - income and expenses- is revealed. It was established that construction has become more active in recent years, with the highest residential and non-residential construction rates and the engineering structures construction in 2016, which were observed in Kyiv. Each year, the largest capital investments are characterized by engineering structures, in contrast to residential and non-residential buildings. The maximization of income and cost minimization make for improving the efficiency of the management of construction enterprises, which represents their ultimate goal. The conducted research gives reasons to state the significant role of the country macroeconomic environment in the construction enterprises functioning and the purport of their financial results. Construction development directions in the present conditions, the methodology, and construction enterprise accounting organization are covered.
The world's view of the Corona pandemic and the way to deal with it: نظرة العالم إلى جائحة كورونا وأسلوب التّعامل معها
Authors: Amara Saad Chandoul, Widad Ali Zughir  
Published: May 2021

In this paper, the researcher stresses that the crisis of Corona, which the world has gone through and is still primarily a crisis of awareness in providing priorities. This predicts the emergence of serious economic and social problems that may afflict existing societies and systems, or arrange them in a worse way, as the foundations of justice in the world are broken. The researcher notes that the world around the pandemic is divided into three parts : The first part, whoever claims to be a true pandemic is a caution, and they are in two directions : The first one is for whoever thinks that the pandemic is natural and requires cooperation in finding a solution and complying with the provisions of the World Health Organization. The second concern whoever goes on to say that the pandemic is an effective act, and he has all the information about it and has to disclose and stop spreading it to protect humanity. The second part cover people who deny the seriousness of the pandemic and that it is just a conspiracy in preparation for the adoption of a new political system that rules the world, increases the servitude of the people and oppresses the poor, and they are in two directions: The first one, concern people who deny the existence of such a virus in the first place. The second, includes who acknowledges his existence and excludes his danger. The third part, is the part of persons holding that the existence of a pandemic or does not matter as much as it matters how to deal with it and with similar counterparts that are not literally dangerous to it, and the originality of their duty is to seek the assistance of the qualified and specialized, to provide the most important on the important and to present alternatives that prove sustainability as possible and possible. This is because the boasting of building hospitals in a short period was not accompanied by building laboratories to eradicate such a scourge and others that we live in and may be experienced by humanity in the future. The research concluded that it is necessary to not look into the existence or absence of the pandemic, but rather to look at how to deal with it and overcome it and its counterparts, without stopping people's lives or political exploitation of the crisis. It deals also to be careful in order that fear does not dominate us at the point of illusion, and to look with insight into what can carry conspiracy. The researcher adopted the inductive approach, by tracking people's opinions about COVID-19. The research also dealt with the descriptive approach, in presenting these opinions, in analyzing and clarifying their evidence, clarifying what is in, and discussing it.
The musical effects in the poem of : Emrio‘ Alqays : المؤثرات الموسيقية في معلقة امرئ القيس
Authors: Ibrahim Abdullah Ibrahim Mohammed -   Mohamed Abdullah Moham  
Published: May 2021

This study is about the "musical influences in the poem of the poet: Emro Algays , by description, analysis and interpretation, in addition to the grammatical, morphological, linguistic, rhetorical, and rhythmic influences followed by their rhythms , melodies, and their effect in forming the melodic wave in about twenty segments . The descriptive analytical method; is adopted in the study, for it can describe vividly and analyze deeply the different rhythmic phenomena, highlighting the aesthetics of language and artistic images. The end-product of the study unveiled the following fruits: The poet adopted (Bahr al-Tawil II)(one of the Arabic poetry rules made by the linguistic scholar – Alkahleel Bin Ahmed Alfrahidi) to express his deep passionate emotions and his violent adventures in chasing and Fishing .2- The narrators agreed to the authenticity of the poem and did not differ only in four verses .. The poem eloquence percentage arrived at 46%, while the proportion of the mental emotion - according to the theory of Buthee Man - is about 2.39%. 3- The two vowel segments of the poem are equal in all verses of the poem at a rate of (14 segments) for each section. Verse 4 which read as follows: You see the deer's remains in the space and valleys like peppercorn , this vers is thought to be the most poetic verse for the quietness and pacific tune due to the notions of the of letters. The verse 76 is thought to the most eloquent verses due to the concentration of the letters notion which called (Flashing). As for the verses 14 and 74 are the most eloquent verses. The verse 54 which gives a vivid details to the horse, in all situations, has got a sweetness of the rhythm, the melody and the attraction of the music, the most complete of the songs ,with no dispute on its authenticity.
Perception of Breastfeeding among Female Medical Students, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia 2012
Authors: Ghaida Aziz, Ghaida jabri, Ghaida Al-Ahmadi, Mona Ehab, Marw  
Published: May 2021

Breast feeding (BF) is known to have many advantages but our Arab region has a pattern similar to western countries; where exclusive breastfeeding less than 35%. Knowledge given to women during her antenatal visits plays an important influential role in her attitude and practice of BF later on. Objective: To explore knowledge and attitude of female medical students at Taibah University about breastfeeding. Methods: A Cross sectional study was carried out from October to November 2012. It included female medical students. Stratified sampling allocation technique was used; with a total sample of 149 students. A specialty designed self-administrated questionnaire in Arabic form was used. It included socio-demographic data, obstetric history, data about the knowledge and attitude of female medical students towards breastfeeding value and guidelines. Mean percent knowledge score for value of BF, mean percent score for BF guidelines and mean percent score for attitude were calculated. Appropriate statistical tests for qualitative and quantitative data were used accordingly. Results: Majority (91.9%) (of the studied sample) was never married and 37.6% got their knowledge about BF via books. Regarding ever married women, 58.3% only were gravid (mean =2.2±1.94). Only 25.0% were family planning users; 66.7% of them used hormonal contraceptives. Only 20% breast fed their infants with a mean duration for exclusive BF of 3.8 ± 2.87 months and mean age of weaning of 2.3 ±0.63 months. The mean knowledge percent score for guidelines of BF was 64.7±8.45. The mean attitude percent score for concepts related to BF was 76.9±7.91. Conclusion: Media and internet have minor roles in getting knowledge about BF. The mean knowledge score about advantages of BF, guidelines of BF and attitude towards BF of all female medical students; especially academic years were unsatisfactory.
Simulation Based Performance Evaluation of AOMDV Routing Protocol in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Using NS2
Authors: Hanadi Yahya Darwisho Hanadi Yahya Darwisho 
Published: May 2021

Due to the increased use of mobile devices with the high demand for applications such as CBR: Constant bit rate، most companies have tended to pay attention to Mobile Ad hoc Networks and search for solutions to the problems and obstacles encountered. The routing process of this type of networks was one of the solutions addressed: multi-path routing، which is used with on-demand protocols and the aim of this is to obtain efficient and fast retrieval of routes that failed in dynamic mobile networks because mobile nodes can randomly join or leave to/from the topology that may increase/decrease the node density and frequent link failures in the topology. As a result node density، traffic and transmission range effects the performance of the network. In this paper، a proposed multi-path routing protocol is AOMDV ad hoc on demand multi path distance vector routing protocol، which is the expansion of the AODV single path ad hoc on demand distance vector routing protocol.Therefore، In this paper، we has been studied AOMDV routing protocol which is a multipath routing protocol on the basis of Throughput، Delay، Packet-Loss and Jitter and evaluated the performance by varying pause time and varying maximum speed of the moving nodes and for 5،10،50 nodes.
(The poetry of instinct (a poem of Ta‘abata Sharan "O Eid Malik" as a model: شعريّة الفطرةِ (قصيدة تأبط شراً " يا عيدُ مالك " نموذجاً)
Authors: Hamda Mourif Eid Makhlaf Al Ruwaili  
Published: May 2021

Literature is the tool through which we extract what is in nature from perfection، especially that man is prepared to accept this perfection، prepared for him instinctively، and hence came this research "the poetry of instinct." In which the researcher tried to expose the concept of instinct، through the definition of language first، and then clarify the concept in literature، and the opinion of the writers in it. The researcher pointed out that the meaning of "print"، which expresses the aunt of the writer affects the souls of others، especially if this poetry embodies a set of values ​​and virtues of the Arabs، which is closer to the typical self of the Muslim man as portrayed by Muslims It turns out that this finalism is a general view that dominates the hair of the thorns starting from the lexicon، and ending with meaning and vision. This text، "Ya'id Malik، " confirms that the general meaning of the text، which is the coarse nature of the poet، can only be liberated through the holistic and universal vision of the text. The meaning is formed only through this holistic view. The effect of the last word is at least the first word effect in the text. Finally، it is clear that the general significance of the poem is to mourn the dignity of the soul and its institutions، and the revolution against the customs of the unjust tribe، which is humiliated and humiliated by establishing new rules for a society of justice، interdependence، brotherhood and equality in accordance with authentic Arab values. Roughness ".
Factors that have helped the existence and prosperity of trade relations between Egypt and the country of India
Authors: Naima Abu Al-Qasim Al-Suwaiyee Khalifa - Wan Kamal Mogani Naima Abu Al-Qasim Al-Suwaiyee Khalifa - Wan Kamal Mogani 
Published: May 2021

This research, which is named by (the factors that assisted the existence and prosperity of trade relations between Egypt and the country of India) is the most important points that formed the Link tool to, also it said The geographical location of both countries, the impact of the spread of Islam on the movement of the economy between the two countries, and then deal with the most important geographical features that helped to support the trade movement, which was in the Red Sea and the coasts and ports established in that period, in addition to marine currents and monsoon, and the important relations held by the Muslim princes to suit their commercial interests
Educational issues in cartoons in the Saudi press: القضايا التربوية في رسوم الكاريكاتير في الصحافة السعودية
Authors: Sawyer bint Zanaf bin Fawaz al - Sahli  
Published: May 2021

The main objective of the study was to identify the educational issues in Saudi journalism cartoons. Content analysis method (both qualitative and quantitative) has been used to identify the themes contained in the cartoons. Three Saudi newspapers were selected to be the study sample (okaz newspaper, Aljazeerah newspaper and Arriyadh newspaper). They published 210 cartoons about education during 2014. The results of the study showed that educational cartoons in Saudi newspapers only represented 6.433% that indicates low levels of concern on education issues in Saudi journalism cartoons. 48.571% of them discussed issues related to students, 26.667% discussed issues related to teachers, 13.333% discussed issues related to learning environment, and 6.190% discussed issues related to curriculum. Most of the cartoons portrayed male characters. Most of them were critical. The majority of the educational cartoons in Saudi newspapers came with comments or dialogues. Most of them were colored. The study recommended Saudi cartoonists to focus more on educational issues. The study suggested studying the role of cartoons in setting educational agenda.