bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periarticular histiocytic sarcoma with heart metastasis in a cat
Authors: Chalfon Carmit , Romito Giovanni , Sabattini Silvia , Rigillo Antonella , Quinci Manuela , Foglia Armando , Marconato Laura 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA 4‐year‐old intact female domestic short‐haired cat was referred for recommendations about adjuvant medical treatment 1 month after left forelimb amputation due to periarticular histiocytic sarcoma (HS). At presentation, physical abnormalities were limited to enlarged ipsilateral superficial cervical and axillary lymph nodes. Routine blood analysis, abdominal ultrasound, and thoracic radiology were unremarkable. The cat initially received lomustine without any adverse events. Four weeks later, the cat developed severe acute respiratory distress. Results of thoracic radiographs and transthoracic echocardiographic analysis were suggestive of pulmonary and heart metastasis. Due to the cat's poor clinical condition and prognosis, the owner elected euthanasia, and a necropsy was performed. Based on gross pathology, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry, an HS with nodal, renal, pulmonary, and heart (right auricular and right ventricular) metastases was diagnosed. This case represents the first description of HS with a heart metastasis in a cat, providing further insight into the clinical course and metastatic behavior of this rare malignant neoplasm. Clinicians should be aware of this site of metastasis and consider HS in the list of differential diagnoses for secondary heart tumors in cats.
Assessment of hemostasis in dogs with gastric‐dilation‐volvulus, during resuscitation with hydroxyethyl starch (130/0.4) or hypertonic saline (7.5%)
Authors: Borrelli Antonio , Giunti Massimo , Calipa Stefano , Botto Angelica , Mengozzi Giulio , Lisa Grassato , Maurella Cristiana , Bruno Barbara 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the impact of an IV bolus of hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 (HES) or hypertonic saline 7.5% (HS) on hemostasis in dogs resuscitated for gastric‐dilation‐volvulus (GDV).DesignOpen‐label, parallel‐group randomized clinical trial.AnimalsTwenty‐three client‐owned dogs.InterventionsDogs affected by GDV and shock were randomly assigned to receive HES at 10 mL/kg or HS at 4 mL/kg every 15 minutes. Blood samples were collected for blood gas analysis, PCV, total plasma protein, albumin, standard coagulation profile, and thromboelastometry (ROTEM) at baseline (T0) and at the end of bolus (T1). To assess the differences between the 2 groups at T1, Student's t‐test or Wilcoxon rank‐sum test was used. To evaluate the differences between T0 and T1, ANOVA for paired data or Wilcoxon matched‐pairs signed‐ranks test was used. P < 0.05 was considered significant.Measurement and main resultsHemostasis was evaluated by means of prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, and ROTEM. The study included 13 dogs in the HES group and 10 dogs in the HS group. Differences were found between groups at T1: increase in clotting time (P = 0.018) and decrease in fibrinogen level (P = 0.021) in the HS‐treated group.Between T0 and T1, there were differences for the HES group: increase in clot formation time (P = 0.046), decrease in maximum clot firmness (P = 0.002) in ex‐TEM profile, and decrease in maximum clot firmness (P = 0.0117) in fib‐TEM profile. Between T0 and T1, the following differences were noted for the HS group: increase in clotting time (P = 0.048) and clot formation time (P = 0.0019), decrease in maximum clot firmness (P = 0.031) and α angle (P = 0.036) in ex‐TEM profile, decrease in α angle (P = 0.036) in in‐TEM profile, and decrease in maximum clot firmness (P = 0.017) in fib‐TEM profile.ConclusionIn dogs affected by GDV, HES or HS infusion caused a similar tendency toward hypocoagulability, with few differences between the 2 groups.
Minimal atelectasis and poorly aerated lung on thoracic CT images of normal dogs acquired under sedation
Authors: Hunt Tania D. , Wallack Seth T. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGeneral anesthesia optimizes image quality of thoracic CT in dogs by providing patient immobilization and respiratory control. However, it also comes with disadvantages that may serve as a detractor to the use of CT in veterinary practice. With the use of multidetector helical CT combined with injectable sedation for restraint, parameters such as atelectasis and poorly aerated lung should not be appreciably different from what has been observed in dogs under general anesthesia. This prospective pilot study aimed to evaluate the mean lung attenuation and the amount of atelectasis and poorly aerated lung on thoracic CT images acquired under injectable sedation in normal dogs. The entire thorax of 10 client‐owned dogs was scanned. Attenuation measurements were generated by three‐dimensional reconstruction software. Mean ± SD lung attenuation was ‐707.0 ± 60.0. Atelectasis was not identified on any of the scans. Hypoinflated lung, the percentage of lung parenchyma with attenuation greater than ‐500 and ‐250 Hounsfield units (HU), was 10.7 ± 4.7% and 2.4 ± 1.2% (mean ± SD), respectively. There was no significant change in these percentages over time. Compared to previously published data, thoracic CT images obtained under sedation had mean attenuation comparable to normal expiratory lung and a lower percentage of poorly aerated lung compared to that of anesthetized dogs. Using sedation to complete canine thoracic CT does not itself lead to alterations of lung attenuation and may confer less hypoinflation and atelectasis than general anesthesia.
A threshold volume of 10 ml is suggested for detecting articular cartilage defects in equine carpal joints using CT arthrography: Ex vivo pilot study
Authors: McQuillan Siobhan , Kearney Clodagh , Hoey Seamus , Connolly Susan , Rowan Conor 
Published: October 2021

AbstractComputed tomographic arthrography (CTA) has been described as a method for detecting articular cartilage defects in equine carpal joints; however, published studies on the effects of contrast volume for lesion detection are currently lacking. The purpose of this prospective, experimental, pilot study was to determine a threshold volume of iodinated contrast for CTA of the antebrachiocarpal (ABC) and middle carpal (MC) joints for detection of articular cartilage surface defects. Articular cartilage defects were iatrogenically created in the surfaces of the ABC and MC joints of 20 equine cadaver limbs using arthroscopy. Unaltered articular surfaces within some joints acted as controls. Joints were imaged precontrast using multidetector CT. The ABC and MC joints were injected with a 150 mg iodine/ml nonionic contrast medium, in 5 ml increments from 5 to 50 ml per joint with CT performed subsequent to each increment. Cartilage defects were measured grossly using a caliper. Detection (qualitative) and measurement (quantitative) of the defects were independently performed by two board‐certified radiologists using medical imaging software. At each volume of contrast, the interrater reliability for gross examination and the two observers in the detection of a defect was calculated (Gwet's AC1). Logistic mixed‐effects models of selected volumes, 0, 5, 10, 15, and 50 ml, demonstrated that at 10 ml contrast and above, no statistically significant difference between either observer and gross examination for defect detection was identified for either joint. Findings supported using a dose of 10 ml for 150 mg iodine/ml concentration contrast media when performing CTA of equine carpal joints.
Improved outcomes in patients with diabetic foot ulcers despite of differences in baseline characteristics
Authors: Akturk Afram , van Netten Jaap J. , Vermeer Marloes , Kruse Rombout R. , Schaper Nicolaas C. , van Gemert‐Pijnen Lisette J. E. W. C. , van Baal Jeff G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe incidence of diabetes is increasing worldwide with concomitant raising number of patients with diabetic foot disease. Diabetic foot disease treatment has received more attention in the past decades, culminating in the creation of multidisciplinary outpatient clinics, but at the same time, complexity of patients seems to have increased. The aim of this article is to study differences in patient characteristics and outcomes (ulcer healing and ulcer‐free survival days) in patients with a diabetic foot ulcer in two prospective cohorts with 15 years in between. Prospective cohort study of all patients in one diabetic foot centre of expertise in 2003–2004 and 2014–2018. Clinical outcomes were determined after a follow‐up period of 12 months. Outcomes were differences in baseline characteristics and comorbidities, and differences in ulcer‐related outcomes between both cohorts. We included all consecutive diabetic foot ulcer patients from our centre for the period 2003–2004 (n = 79) and 2014–2018 (n = 271). Age (67.0 ± 14.3 vs. 71.6 ± 11.5,p = 0.003) and prevalence of end‐stage renal disease (1.3% vs. 7.7%,p = 0.036) were significantly higher in the more recent population. The more recent population had higher healing rate (53.2% vs. 76.4%,p < 0.001), higher median ulcer‐free survival days once an ulcer had healed [173 days (IQR 85.3–295.5) vs. 257.0 (IQR 157.0–318.0),p = 0.026], and fewer minor amputations (20.3% vs. 8.1%,p = 0.002). People with diabetic foot ulcers treated in 2014–2018 were older and more frequently diagnosed with ESRD, compared to this population in 2003–2004, while other characteristics were similar; ulcer‐related outcomes were better.
Analytical Modeling of a Segmented Magneto-Active Elastomer Unimorph Actuator
Authors: Pan Tan , Leng Rui , Ounaies Zoubeida , Frecker Mary 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Magneto-active elastomers (MAE) are capable of achieving large deflections when actuated using an external magnetic field. Desired shape changes are achieved by judiciously designing a unimorph actuator comprised of an active MAE layer and a passive material substrate. In this paper, an analytical model is developed to predict the shape change of an MAE unimorph actuator that is segmented along its length. The shape change performance of a unimorph actuator consisting of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) embedded with barium hexaferrite (BHF) particles and a passive substrate of Scotch tape is investigated for different segmented geometric configurations.
An Euler-Bernoulli model is developed to predict the free deflection and blocked force of the segmented unimorph given the geometric information, properties of the materials, and the external magnetic field strength. A numerical approach is also developed to account for consecutive segments and different conditions for each segment as the unimorph bends. The conditions include the spatial variation of the magnetic field and the dependence of actuation torque on the bending angle. The model is validated with experiments under the same conditions, and the outcomes show good agreement with the experimental results. The validated model is used in a parametric study to assess the effects of the geometric parameters, material properties, and the magnitude of the magnetic field on the shape change.
Design and Experimental Studies of a Heel-Embedded Energy Harvester for Self-Powered Wearable Electronics
Authors: Li Zhongjie , Jiang Xiaomeng , Peng Yan , Luo Jun , Xie Shaorong , Pu Huayan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Recent decades have witnessed a booming increase in the number of wearable electronic devices. However, these devices cannot work for a very long time due to the limited lifespan of internal electrochemical batteries. In this article, we present a novel wearable electromagnetic energy harvester (EMEH) embedded into a heel of a shoe to collect the kinetic energy from human motion to tackle the above problem. The harvester is mainly composed of a pedal, four springs, a cantilever, and an electromagnetic energy transduction unit. In this design, we adopt a cantilever and a two-stage displacement amplification mechanism to convert up the frequency of the excitation, magnify the input displacement from the foot, and take advantage of an alternating magnet pole arrangement to get abrupt changes in the magnetic flux density (MFD). An electromagnetic dynamic model was established to simulate the output power of the harvester. Besides, we fabricated a prototype to examine the output performance of the harvester. The results prove that the cantilever can effectively convert low-frequency human running motions into high-frequency oscillations, which crucially contributes to the high performance of the harvester. As a portable energy conversion source, the proposed harvester can be of great significance in promoting the development of wearable self-powered electronic devices.
Design and Characterization of a Multilayered Multifield-Actuated Polymer Unimorph
Authors: Leng Rui , Uitz Oliver , Ounaies Zoubeida , Seepersad Carolyn 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this study, we design, fabricate and characterize a novel unimorph-like structure in which a shape memory polymer (SMP) is actuated using a magneto-active elastomer (MAE), resulting in contactless and large deformation shape change. The constituent materials are: a two-part elastomer, iron oxide microparticles, and a rapid cure epoxy. Combining the elastomer with the iron oxide particles results in an MAE actuator, such that application of an external magnetic field induces dipoles in the iron oxide particles, resulting in the actuation of the MAE. The shape memory epoxy polymers are deformed at an elevated temperature and cooled to lock-in the temporary programmed shape. Subsequent exposure to elevated temperature can then recover a permanent geometry. In a first step, the layered unimorph structure is fabricated using casting techniques in which the SMP serves as the ‘passive’ substrate, and the MAE is cast on top of this substrate or joined post-processing using adhesives. To demonstrate shape change, the unimorph is heated beyond the transition temperature of the epoxy, and a magnetic field is applied to deform the structure. Upon cooling, the shape change is locked into place. This configuration serves as proof-of-concept that the proposed magnetically-responsive polymers are capable of eliciting the shape change of an SMP through bending in response to an external magnetic stimulus. After demonstrating feasibility, the next step is to use additive manufacturing (AM) to produce both the SMP and MAE by developing and tuning MAE and SMP resin formulations for printability. Printability is assessed by characterizing the viscosities, effective yield stress, gelation times, and extent of cure of the material formulations. The bending response of the layered structure is characterized as a function of magnetic field, material composition, geometric parameters, and AM process settings.
The outcome of this research is to enable AM of smart materials and devices that can monitor and adapt to their environment. The medical device industry in particular stands to benefit from customizable devices that adapt their shape for particular patients, diseases, and/or stage of healing.
Effective Initial and Subsequent Loading Surfaces for Phase Transformation in TPMS-SMAs
Authors: Alagha Ali N. , Van Viet Nguyen , Zaki Wael 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the effective behavior of shape memory alloy (SMA) triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures is investigated by means of finite element analysis and numerical homogenization. For this purpose, the onset and subsequent thresholds of phase transformation are determined considering TPMS primitive, gyroid, and diamond unit cells subjected to different loading conditions. At all relative densities studied, the initial phase transformation loading surfaces corresponding to the different geometries considered are found to be reasonably well represented by the anisotropic Hill’s and von Misses yield criterions. The observed surfaces, either shrink or expand as the effective martensite volume fraction increases, depending on TPMS geometry. The determination of subsequent loading surfaces as a function of the effective volume fraction of martensite shows a nonlinear hardening behavior, which seems to follow a unique trend for the different geometries considered. Ultimately, the loading surfaces are found to reach an asymptotic state with distinctly different features compared to their initial shapes.
Fused Filament Fabrication of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastics for Compliant Mechanisms
Authors: Refat Mohamed , Luzi Luca , Agostini Lorenzo , Pucci Riccardo , Berselli Giovanni , Vertechy Rocco 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the last decade composite materials, previously almost exclusively used in aerospace and automotive industries, are becoming widespread thanks to the introduction of the fused filament fabrication (FFF) process in the additive manufacturing technology. With respect to the standard and more widely used material subtractive technologies, the FFF layer-by-layer construction process is capable of manufacturing parts featuring very complex geometry. Moreover, the deposition of reinforcing filaments provides components with highperformance mechanical characteristics.
Since FFF is a relatively new technology, studies are still needed to fully understand the mechanical behavior of composite materials realized with FFF and how all the process parameters (e.g., layer thickness, filament deposition direction, type of matrix and reinforcement, the interaction between matrix and reinforcement) affect the final result.
This paper deals with the preliminary experimental analysis of straight beams realized in carbon-fiber-reinforced Nylon White composite material with the MarkForged MarkTwo three-dimensional printer. Envisaged application of the considered straight beams is as flexible elements in compliant mechanisms. In particular, tensile and bending tests are performed on nine different straight beam specimens in order to provide a first understanding on how the filament disposition within the sample affects its mechanical response.
From the results it is found that the proper position of the reinforcement filaments provides a very effective means to tune the selective compliance of beam flexures.
Overlap and cumulative effects of pancreatic duct obstruction, abnormal pain processing and psychological distress on patient-reported outcomes in chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Olesen Søren S , Phillips Anna E , Faghih Mahya , Kuhlmann Louise , Steinkohl Emily , Frøkjær Jens B , Bick Benjamin L , Ramsey Mitchell L , Hart Phil A , Garg Pramod K , Singh Vikesh K , Yadav Dhiraj , Drewes Asbjørn M 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveSeveral factors have been suggested to mediate pain in patients with chronic pancreatitis. However, it is unknown whether these factors are overlapping and if they have cumulative effects on patient-reported outcomes (PROs).DesignWe performed a multicentre cross-sectional study of 201 prospectively enrolled subjects with definitive chronic pancreatitis. All subjects underwent evaluation for pancreatic duct obstruction, abnormalities in pain processing using quantitative sensory testing, and screening for psychological distress (anxiety, depression and pain catastrophising) based on validated questionnaires. Abnormality was defined by normal reference values. PROs included pain symptom severity (Brief Pain Inventory short form) and quality of life (EORTC-QLQ-C30 questionnaire). Associations between pain-related factors and PROs were investigated by linear trend analyses, multiple regression models and mediation analyses.ResultsClinical evaluation suggestive of pancreatic duct obstruction was observed in 29%, abnormal pain processing in 23%, anxiety in 47%, depression in 39% and pain catastrophising in 28%; each of these factors was associated with severity of at least one PRO. Two or more factors were present in 51% of subjects. With an increasing number of factors, there was an increase in pain severity scores (p<0.001) and pain interference scores (p<0.001), and a reduction in quality of life (p<0.001). All factors had independent and direct effects on PROs, with the strongest effect size observed for psychological distress.ConclusionPain-related factors in chronic pancreatitis are often present in an overlapping manner and have a cumulative detrimental effect on PROs. These findings support a multidisciplinary strategy for pain management.Trial registration numberThe study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03434392).
Uncomplicated Eustachian Tube Dysfunction: The Site of the Nasal Septal Deformity
Authors: McNicoll W. D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEighty-nine recruit volunteers to the Submarine. Diving and Fleet Air Arm branches of the Royal Navy who were suffering from an unsuspected Eustachian tube dysfunction underwent investigation, which included middle ear analysis, Eustachian function testing and PA x-radiography of the skull. Twenty-five aircrew candidates who had positive Valsalva and Toynbee manoeuvres on otoscopy, acted as a control group and underwent the same investigations as the investigative group. All the subjects in the investigative group had either a unilateral or bilateral Eustachian tube dysfunction. This dysfunction was confirmed by exposing the subjects to an increase in ambient pressure not exceeding three metres of water. None of the subjects with Eustachian tube dysfunction were able to equilibrate their middle ear pressures at this depth equivalent.All 89 subjects were found to have a nasal septal deformity situated at the posterior half of the nasal septum at the level of the vomero-ethmoid suture. All the volunteers underwent submucous resection of the nasal septum, care being taken to excise the vomeroethmoid suture and the adjacent vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid. Six weeks after operation 85 (95.5%) of subjects were able to equilibrate their middle ear pressures when they were exposed to an increase in ambient pressure of 10 metres of water.
Ciguatera poisoning
Authors: Grant I. C. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryCiguatera is, on a world-wide scale, the commonest of the four broad classes of ichthyosarcotoxism currently described. The disease is contracted by the consumption of toxic flesh from any of many fish species which are usually safe foodstuff. It is characterised by a combination of neural, gastrointestinal and cardiac effects. The incidence of the disease is almost certainly increasing world-wide, and its appearance in the UK has recently been described. The author’s personal experience is described together with some historical background and a review of current literature.
Spinal cord decompression sickness: A review of the pathology and some new findings
Authors: Sykes J. J. W. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryThis article reviews the pathological changes reported in spinal cord decompression sickness and describes the major theories of the aetiology of the disease process supported by the pathological changes reported. Recently reported findings are included which may account for clinical observations not adequately explained previously. Direction for research into improving therapy of spinal cord decompression sickness is suggested.
The Hong Kong experience: Management of locally entered personnel
Authors: Yeoman L. P. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryThis article reflects my personal experience and outlines the difficulties encountered when serving on a foreign station 8000 miles away from UK support and advice, with an alien climate and, additionally, the problems of the management and leadership of the Chinese locally entered personnel (LEP) of the Medical Branch in Hong Kong. A recent article on staff training was read with interest. Ideally, all managers would like to deal with totally professional and competent staff who are conversant with leadership qualities, the job in hand and, indeed, the English language!