bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of a New Phosphorus/Nitrogen Durable Flame Retardant for Cotton Fabrics
Authors: Li Jinfeng , Jiang Wei , Liu Maolin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Phosphorus/nitrogen flame retardant ammonium three phosphoric acid glycerol ester (FR) with reactive -P-O−NH4+ groups was synthesized from glycerol, phosphoric acid and urea. At high temperature, the -P-O−NH4+ group in FR is decomposed into -P-O−H+ group. Under the action of catalyst dicyandiamide, -P-O−H+ forms phosphonic anhydride. Phosphonic anhydride can dehydrate and condense with the hydroxyl group on the 6-position carbon atom in the glucose ring of cotton fiber, forming a firm P-O-C bond, thus fixing FR molecule firmlyon cotton fiber. XRD suggested that the finishing process only slightly affected the cotton fiber structure and the surface morphology, elemental composition of char residue in cotton fabrics were tested by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Confirmed that FR was grafted well with slight damage to the cotton structure. When the treated cotton with 25.3% weight gain(WG) in FR, the treated cotton has self extinguishing property and passed UL-94 vertical burning V-0 classification, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) was improved from 17.0–40.5%, and the LOI can still reach 30.9% after 50 laundering cycles, the cone calorimetry(CONE) analysis indicated that the peak heat release rate (PHRR) of the treated cotton was reduced from 190.3 kW/m2 to 17.9 kW/m2, and the total heat release (THR) was reduced from 2.8 MJ/m2 to 1.8 MJ/m2, The thermogravimetric(TG) and Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) showed that the addition of FR inhibited the initial thermal degradation temperature of the treated cotton under heating conditions, and TG showed that the initial thermal degradation temperature of treated cotton in nitrogen and air was 225.9 ℃ and 221.8 ℃, respectively, which was lower than that of untreated cotton. The mechanical properties are in the usable range, which showed that treated cotton had excellent flame retardancy, durability and good flexibility.
Evidence-based Pandemic Preparedness: An Infrastructure for Population-scale Genome-based Testing for COVID-19
Authors: Lehrach Hans , Curtis Jon , Lange Bodo , Ogilvie Lesley , Gauss Richard , Steininger Christoph , Scholz Erhard , Kreck Matthias 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Our lives (and deaths) have been dominated for more than a year by COVID-19, a pandemic that has caused hundreds of millions of disease cases, millions of deaths, trillions in economic costs, and major restrictions on our freedom. We argue that much of this could have been avoided by repeated and systematic population-scale PCR-based testing and targeted quarantine. We describe key elements of the current implementations of such a system and demonstrate (with Germany as an example), that this strategy could have suppressed the pandemic within weeks, eliminating the vast majority of its overall impact in terms of deaths, economic costs and restrictions. It can, however, still play a major role in further reducing the worldwide impact of the current phase of the pandemic, and remain as a key protection against similar dangers in the future.
Geospatial Model of COVID-19 Spreading and Vaccination With Event Gillespie Algorithm
Authors: Temerev Alexander , Rozanova Liudmila , Estill Janne , Keiser Olivia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We developed a model and a software package for stochastic simulations of transmission of COVID-19 and other similar infectious diseases, that takes into account contact network structures and geographical distribution of population density, detailed up to a level of location of individuals. Our analysis framework includes a surrogate model optimization process for quick fitting of the model’s parameters to the observed epidemic curves for cases, hospitalizations and deaths. This set of instruments (the model, the simulation code, and the optimizer) is a useful tool for policymakers and epidemic response teams who can use it to forecast epidemic development scenarios in local environments (on the scale from towns to large countries) and design optimal response strategies. The simulation code also includes a geospatial visualization subsystem, presenting detailed views of epidemic scenarios directly on population density maps. We used the developed framework to draw predictions for COVID-19 spreading in the canton of Geneva, Switzerland.
Efficacy of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Relapse/Refractory B-ALL Patients After Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Tian Linyan , Wang Jinhuan , Zhai Yixin , Liu Su , Jiang Yanan , Wu Wenqi , Lv Yangyang , Xing Donghui , Xu Hong , Sun Huimeng , Wang Yafei , Zhao Zhigang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT) consolidation therapy after chimeric antigen receptor(CAR) T cell therapy has emerged as an alternative in patients with B-ALL in the past decade. However, the efficiency remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to systematically analysis the effect of allo-HSCT for Relapse/Refractory(R/R) B-ALL patients after CAR-T cell therapy on survival and relapse rate(RR). Methods: We searched potential documents up to Jan.31st, 2021 in PUBMED, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Springer and analyzed them by Cochrane Collaboration RevMan 5.3 software. Results: Allo-HSCT was efficient in improving short(6-month) and long(1-year and 2-year) term overall survival(OS) and leukemia-free survival(LFS). Transplantation could also reduce RR of R/R B-ALL regardless of patients’ characteristics and time of allo-HSCT. Besides, CAR-T cell products with 4-1BB domain bridging allo-HSCT were associated with a better survival. Subgroup analysis indicated allo-HSCT was more likely to exert a noticeable influence on survival of junior individuals(≤40) and Asian groups. A suitable period between allo-HSCT and CAR-T cell therapy(≤70 days) would make a difference. Interestingly, some features of patients, such as a HSCT history or BCR-ABL1 rearrangement (Philadelphia chromosome, Ph) may have an effect on the efficacy of allo-HSCT. Conclusion: Allo-HSCT consolidation therapy after CAR-T cell therapy induced a promising short-and-long term survival of R/R B-ALL patients. Senior patients, prior HSCT history and BCR-ABL1 rearrangement (Ph) might be poor prognostic factors. Further studies are needed to explore the optimal time for allo-HSCT.
Complete Genome Report of Sphingobium Yanoikuyae S72: A Bacterium Capable of Degrading Hydrocarbons
Authors: Sanchez-Lopez Eric , Elufisan Temidayo Oluyomi , Bustos Patricia , Charles-Mendoza Claudia Paola , Mendoza-Hererra Alberto , Guo Xianwu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Sphingobium yanoikuyae S72 was isolated from the rhizosphere of sorghum plant, Mexico. Its role on the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) was evaluated in a minimal medium containing one of biphenyl, naphthalene, phenanthrene, xylene and Toluene as the only carbon source. It grew effectively in each minimal medium (Bushnell Haas, BH). Gas column chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis on the metabolite recovered after S72’s growth in BH showed that it successfully degraded the PAHs tested resulting in the degradation of biphenyl (85%), phenanthrene (93%), naphthalene (81%), xylene (19%) and toluene (30%). The complete genome of the S72 was sequenced to evaluate the genetic bases of S72`s degradation of PAH. The genome was assembled de novo and reduced to 1 contig and consists of 5,532,623 bp, 5005 protein-coding genes. The analysis of the COG categories in S72 in comparison with other Sphingobium yanoikuyae and other PAH degrading gene, showed that it has in higher abundance in some categories that have been associated with the degradation of PAH (energy production and conversion (COG C, 6.35), carbohydrate transport and metabolism (COG G, 6.20%), lipid transport and metabolism (COG I, 6.99), secondary metabolites biosynthesis (COG Q, 4.52%), general function prediction only in transport and catabolism (COG R, 9.93),) Pan-core genome analysis revealed that about 126 unique genes in S72 are associated with the degradation of xenobiotics and PAHs. Most gene found in S72 are associated with the peripheral degradation pathway for PAH. Based on our observation we proposed a possible benzoate degradation pathway.
Bayesian Super-Resolution of Spectroscopic Data
Authors: Tsujimori Kota , Hirotani Jun , Harada Shunta 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The resolution of spectroscopy, which delivers valuable insights and knowledge in various research fields, has sometimes been limited by the number of multi-channel detectors employed. For example, in Raman spectroscopy using charge coupled device (CCD) detectors, the resolution is limited by the number of the CCD arrays and it is difficult to achieve spectroscopic data acquisition with high resolution over a wide range. Here we describe a methodology to increase the resolution as well as signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio by applying Bayesian super-resolution in the analysis of spectroscopic data. In our present method, first the hyperparameters for the Bayesian super-resolution are determined by a virtual experiment imitating actual experimental data, and the precision of the super-resolution reconstruction is confirmed by the calculation of errors from the ideal values. For validation of the super-resolution of spectroscopic data, we applied this method to the analysis of Raman spectra. From 200 Raman spectra of a reference Si substrate with a resolution of about 0.8 cm-1, super-resolution reconstruction with resolution of 0.01 cm-1 was successfully achieved with the promised precision. From the super-resolution spectrum, the Raman scattering peak of the reference Si substrate was estimated as 520.55 (+0.12, -0.09) cm-1, which is comparable to the precisely determined value from previous works. The present methodology can be applied to various kinds of spectroscopic analysis, leading to increased precision in the analysis of spectroscopic data and the ability to detect slight differences in spectral peak positions and shapes.
Spillover Effects of HIV Foreign Aid on the Delivery of Maternal and Child Health Services in Nigeria: 2008 – 2018
Authors: Ibeneme Sunny , Croke Kevin , Karamagi Humphery , Bump Jesse , Okeibunor Joseph 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThis study expands the current body of knowledge by investigating the impact of the Global Health Initiatives (GHI) on the Nigerian health system. Using robust multilevel analytic approaches, this study examined system-wide impacts of foreign aid on the Nigerian health system– a country that has witnessed substantial Development Assistance for Health disbursements in the last two decades, yet has one of the worst maternal and child health indices globally. Most of the health aid to Nigeria has been for HIV programs; and has sparked debates among stakeholders. Critics have asserted the possibility that HIV aid might not be working and could have had unintended negative consequences on the delivery of non-HIV services. Others maintained that such prioritized attention to HIV could have had a crowding-out or negative spillover effect on the delivery of other health programs in Nigeria. Thus, the focus of this study is to ascertain the nature of the spillover effect of HIV aid on the delivery of maternal and child health services in NigeriaResultsThis study identified that donor HIV financing to Nigeria increased up to 2012, and decreased steadily afterwards between 2008 – 2018. This was suggested to be linked to PEPFAR priority shift to health systems strengthening in the second round of their funding cycle. This study also identified a negative spillover effect of HIV-specific aid on the delivery of non-HIV services, and is suggested to be attributed to the prioritized attention given to HIV programs by global health systems.ConclusionsStudy findings provide systematic evidence to inform policy on the frameworks for developing a national roadmap for the effective alignment of GHIs’ coordinating mechanisms with national health priorities. Future studies should explore the effects of the Development Assistance for Health among low- and middle-income countries including Nigeria to provide evidence for policy, and substantiate how the growing interests in health systems strengthening is overcoming vertical programs and fostering systemic improvements. Government should identify turnaround strategies to strengthen Nigerian health systems for the Sustainable Development Goals, and formulate policies that improve the effectiveness of GHIs in Nigeria.
Changing The Firing Threshold for Normal Optic Nerve Axons by The Application of Infra-Red Laser Light
Authors: Austerschmidt Lavinia J , Schottler Nadine I , Miller Alyssa M , Baker Mark D 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Normal optic nerve axons exhibit a temperature dependence, previously explained by a membrane potential hyperpolarization on warming. We now report that near infra-red (IR) laser light, delivered via a fibre optic light guide, also affects axonal membrane potential and threshold, at least partly through a photo-thermal effect. Application of light to optic nerve, at the recording site, gave rise to a local membrane potential hyperpolarization over a period of about a minute, and increased the size of the depolarizing after potential (DAP). Application near the site of electrical stimulation reversibly raised current-threshold, and the change in threshold recorded over minutes of irradiation was significantly increased by the application of the Ih blocker, ZD7288 (50 µM), indicating Ih limits the hyperpolarizing effect of light. Light application also had fast effects on nerve behaviour, increasing threshold without appreciable delay (within seconds), probably by a mechanism independent of Na+ channels and kinetically fast K+ channels, and hypothesized to be caused by reversible changes in myelin function.
Influence of the Shape of the First Metatarsal Cuneiform Joint on the Development of Hallux Valgus Deformity
Authors: Sovilj Mirko , Baljozović Andreja , Pilipović Filip , Banjac Maja Sovilj , Baščarević Zoran 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective:To examine the presence of certain shapes of the first metatarsal-cuneiform joint (MTC) joint in feet with hallux valgus (HV) deformity. To determine whether the anatomical orientation of this joint affects the size of the hallux valgus angle (HVA) and the first intermetatarsal angle (IMA) and whether it contributes to the dynamics of the developmental course of HV deformity.Methods:The shape of the first MTC joint was determined on a sample of 315 feet with HV deformity. The influence of the shape of this joint on the values of HVA and IMA was explored. The relation between the position of the tibial sesamoid and the size of HVA and IMA as well as the dynamics of the development of this deformity depending on the shape of the first MTC joint, was examined.Results:The oblique shape of the first MTC joint was found in 165 (52.4%) feet, the transverse in 145 (46%), and the convex shape was registered in five feet (1.6%). In the oblique shape of this joint, a moderate and severe degree of HV deformity is predominant, while in the transverse shape a mild degree dominates. A statistically significant dependence of HVA on the shape of the first MTC joint was found (Sig. = 0.010), while the dependence of IMA did not show statistical significance (Sig. = 0.105). HVA values follow the position of the tibial sesamoid in both shapes of the MTC joint while the size of the IMA in the transverse shape is not consistent with the position of this sesamoid.Conclusion:The oblique shape of the first MTC joint is associated with the more severe form of HV deformity and its faster developmental course. In the analyzed sample, it was shown that HVA is higher in the oblique shape of the MTC joint and significantly depends on the anatomical orientation of this joint. Furthermore, IMA has a higher value in the oblique shape compared to transverse but this dependence is not statistically significant. The analysis showed that the oblique shape of the first MTC joint contributes to the development of HV deformity.
Antitumor Effects of Lactate Transport Inhibition on Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Cells.
Authors: Chueca Eduardo , Grasa Laura , Arechavaleta Samantha , García-González María Asunción , Sáenz María Angeles , Lanas Angel , Piazuelo Elena 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: As a consequence of altered glucose metabolism, cancer cells intake is increased, producing large amounts of lactate which is pumped out the cytosol by monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs).MCTs are frequently overexpressed in tumors, MCT1 in the well oxygenated areas and MCT4 in hypoxic regions, and recent evidence has reported that MCT inhibition can exert antineoplastic effects, but this aspect has not been investigated in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) yet. In the present study, MCT1 and MCT4 levels were assessed in EAC cells and the effects of MCT-1 selective inhibitor AZD3965, hypoxia and a glucose overload were evaluated in vitro .Methods: Two EAC cell lines (OE33 and OACM5.1C) were treated with different concentrations of AZD3965 (10-100nM) in the presence or absence of a glucose overload under normoxic or hypoxic conditions and parameters of cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, intracellular pH (pHi) and lactate levels were evaluated.Results: MCT1 was present in both cell lines whereas MCT4 was expressed in OE33 cells and only in a small population of the metastatic cells.Glucose addition did not have any effect on apoptosis nor cell proliferation.AZD3965 increased apoptosis and reduced proliferation of OACM5.1C cells, effects which were abrogated when cells were growing in hypoxia.MCT1 inhibition increased intracellular lactate levels in all the cells evaluated, but this increase was higher in cells expressing only MCT1 and did not affect oxidative stress.AZD3965 induced a decrease in pHi of cells displaying low levels of MCT4, and also increased NHE-1 expression on these cells. Conclusion: These data provide in vitro evidence supporting the potential of MCT inhibitors as novel antineoplastic drugs for EAC and highlight the importance of achieving a complete MCT inhibition.
Assessment of the Level of Some Selected Heavy Metals and Physicochemical in Abzana Water Samples, Kibet Woreda, Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfaye Tolesa , Tesfau Haregot , Balcha Adigi , Hassen Muktar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: This study was conducted to investigate the contamination level of Abzana water in Asano district. A total of five water samples were collected from different point of Abzana water. Some parameters of water were analyzed like temperature, pH, electrical conductance and total dissolved solids (TDS) and four heavy metal (Cd, Pb, Cr, and Mn) concentration using standard procedures and the results were compared with WHO guideline values. Result: The results of the present study have shown the temperatures of all sampling station range between 18.9 and 19.2°c. The pH was found to be of range from 6.54 to 7.11 whereas, the electrical conductance was 174.5 to 206(µS/cm). In addition, the lowest value of TDS was 131.4 and the highest was 140.1 ppm. In contrast, heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr and Mn) were analyzed and compared with standards of drinking water. The results indicate that the mean concentration of Cd (0.00664mg/l) exceeded the standards, although the mean concentration of Mn, Pb and Cr were found within the standard limit at 0.076082, 0.00810 and 0.035442 mg/l respectively. Conclusion: The concentrations of the investigated metal (Cr, Pb and Mn) and all physico-chemical result of Abzana water from Asano kebele were found below the guidelines for drinking water given by the World Health Organization. But the concentration of Cd in Abzana water sample was found above the permissible limit of WHO standards. Therefore, it was not safe for drinking and health effect according metals what we have studied here.
Protective Effect of Lycium Barbarum Polysaccharides on Anti-Tuberculosis Drug-Induced Injury to Human Hepatocytes and Its Mechanism
Authors: Wei Jianteng , Li Yongsheng , Wang Han , Pei Dong , Wang Ningli , Di Duolong , Liu Yewei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Studies have shown that Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) have a protective effect on liver injury, but the mechanism is not fully understood. In this work, the effect of LBPs on L-02 cells exposed to anti-tuberculosis drug was investigated and the potential molecular mechanism was explored. Results showed that LBPs significantly prevented anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner, as indicated by cell viability and diagnostic indicators of liver injury. The anti-tuberculosis drug promoted the production of reactive oxygen species and enhanced the oxidative stress, as evidenced by an increase in the malondialdehyde level and a decrease in the antioxidant enzyme levels in the liver. These effects were suppressed by treatment with LBPs. Furthermore, exploration of the underlying mechanism of LBPs revealed that the caspase-3 activity was markedly inhibited by the treatment with LBPs in the liver of anti-tuberculosis drug-treated mice. LBPs increased the expression level of Nrf2, thereby inactivating proapoptotic signaling events and restoring the balance between proapoptotic Bax and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins in the cell of anti-tuberculosis drug-treated mice. In conclusion, LBPs inhibited anti-tuberculosis drug-induced apoptosis partly due to its antioxidant and antiapoptosis activities via the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
Mitochondrial Transplantation Ameliorates The Development and Progression of Osteoarthritis.
Authors: Lee A Ram , Woo Jin Seok , Lee Seon-Yeong , Na Hyun Sik , Cho Keun-Hyung , Lee Yeon Su , Lee Jeong Su , Kim Seon Ae , Park Sung-Hwan , Kim Seok Jung , Cho Mi-La 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease characterized by breakdown of joint cartilage. Mitochondrial dysfunction of the chondrocyte is a risk factor for OA progression. We examined the therapeutic potential of mitochondrial transplantation for OA.Methods: Mitochondria were injected into the knee joint of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA rats. Chondrocytes from OA rats or patients with OA were cultured to examine mitochondrial function in cellular pathophysiology.Results: Pain, cartilage destruction, and bone loss were improved in mitochondrial transplanted-OA rats. The transcript levels of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP13), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in cartilage were markedly decreased by mitochondrial transplantation. Mitochondrial function, as indicated by membrane potential and oxygen consumption rate, in chondrocytes from OA rats was improved by mitochondrial transplantation. Likewise, the mitochondrial function of chondrocytes from OA patients was improved by coculture with mitochondria. Furthermore, inflammatory cell death was significantly decreased by coculture with mitochondria.Conclusion: Mitochondrial transplantation ameliorated OA progression, which is caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. These results suggest the therapeutic potential of mitochondrial transplantation for OA.