bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Helicoverpa armigera Egg Age on Development, Reproduction, and Life Table Parameters of Trichogramma euproctidis
Authors: Atashi Nazanin , Shishehbor Parviz , Seraj Ali Asghar , Rasekh Arash , Hemmati Seyed Ali , Riddick Eric W. 
Published: June 2021

The noctuid Helicoverpa armigera is an economically important pest of agricultural crops in Iran and other countries. Research is evaluating the capacity of Trichogramma parasitoids to control H. armigera populations on field crops. The objective of this research was to determine if young rather than old H. armigera eggs were optimal for Trichogramma euproctidis development, reproduction, and life table parameters. Bioassays involved exposing T. euproctidis mated females to H. armigera 14, 38, or 62 h old eggs within 24 h in laboratory arenas. Results indicated that the number of host eggs parasitized successfully by T. euproctidis decreased as host egg age increased. Host egg age had no significant effect on T. euproctidis adult emergence. Adults that developed in 14 h old eggs had greater longevity and fecundity than those that developed in 38 h or 62 h old eggs. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) was greatest, and the mean generation time (T) was lowest for T. euproctidis reared in 14 h old eggs. This study indicates that young H. armigera eggs are more suitable than old ones for T. euproctidis development and reproduction. This study is important because it provides evidence, for the first time, that T. euproctidis can utilize H. armigera as a rearing host. Using young rather than old host eggs could ensure the persistence of a T. euproctidis mass production system to support augmentative releases.
İskemik İnme Hastalarında Kan Lipid Parametreleri ve İntraserebral Hemoraji Gelişimi Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: YÜCEL Kamile , EREN Fettah 
Published: June 2021

Giriş ve Amaç: Çalışmada iskemik inme hastalarında hemorajik transformasyon (HT) gelişimi ile kan lipid parametrelerinin ilişkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma için 2015-2020 yılları arasında nöroloji kliniğinde yatarak tedavi alan akut iskemik inme hastaları retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Hastalar iskemik dokuda hemorajik transformasyon olan ve olmayan hastalar olarak 2 gruba ayrıldı. Hastaların lipid profili (trigliserid, total kolesterol, LDL kolesterol ve HDL kolesterol) 12 saat açlık sonrası, saat 5:00-07:00 arası alınan kan örnekleri ile değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Çalışmada iskemik dokuda HT gelişen (40) ve HT gelişmeyen (60) 100 hasta dahil edildi. Gruplar arasında DM (p: 0.229) ve hipertansiyon (p: 0.698) açısından farklılık yoktu. Gruplar arasında trigliserit (p: 0.266) ve HDL (p: 0.718) açısından anlamlı fark yokken, HT gelişen hasta gurubunda total kolesterol (p: 0.017) ve LDL kolesterol (p: 0.015) seviyeleri gelişmeyen hasta gurubuna göre yüksekti ve aradaki fark anlamlıydı.
Sonuç: Çalışmamızda kan lipid parametreleri ve prognoz arasında bir ilişki gözlenmedi. Fakat hemorajik transformasyon gelişen inme hastalarında LDL kolesterol ve total kolesterol düzeylerinin hemorajik transformasyon gelişmeyen iskemik inme hastalarına göre anlamlı yüksek olduğunu bulduk. Ancak bunun klinik olarak önemli bir etkiye yol açıp açmadığını belirlemek için bulgularımızın, örneklem büyüklüğünün genişletilerek doğrulanması gerekmektedir.
BRICK FIRING PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEM
Authors: Дагаев М.И. , Авторханов А.М. , Муртазова Х.Т. 
Published: June 2021

В статье приводится описание технологического процесса обжига керамического кирпича в туннельной печи. Приведено обоснование для внедрения автоматизированной системы управления туннельной печью и вариант структуры автоматизированной системы управления.
The article describes the technological process of firing ceramic bricks of a tunnel kiln. The rationale for the introduction of an automated control system for a tunnel furnace and a variant of the structure of an automated control system are given.
TECHNOLOGY OF OBTAINING LARGE AND SMALL AGGREGATE FROM CONCRETE SCRAP
Authors: Естемесов З. А. , Сарсенбаев Б. К. , Каршыга Г. О. , Сейсенов А. Ф. , Адилбаев А. А. 
Published: June 2021

В работе представлены эффективные технологические мероприятия по получению крупного и мелкого заполнителя из бетонного лома. Приводится фракционный состав заполнителя из некондиционных бетонных и железобетонных изделий, классификация его в зависимости от гранулометрии и рекомендации использования вторичного заполнителя в производстве строительных материалов.
The paper presents effective technological measures for obtaining large and small aggregate from concrete scrap. The fractional composition of the aggregate from substandard concrete and reinforced concrete products, its classification depending on granulometry and recommendations for the use of secondary aggregate in the production of building materials is given.
INFLUENCE OF WATER LOSS ON STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF HELIOBETON
Authors: Алиев С. А. , Муртазаев С-А. Ю. , Таймасханов Х. Э. , Муртазаева Р. С-А. 
Published: June 2021

В работе рассмотрены основы тепло- и массообменных процессов при выдерживании бетона в гелиоформах со светопрозрачным покрытием. Изучены особенности обезвоживания бетона, твердеющего в условиях высоких температур и низкой относительной влажности. Установлено, что количественные показатели влагопотерь влияют не только на физико-механические и эксплуатационные показатели, но и на конструктивные особенности гелиоформ, используемых для выдерживания бетонных композитов на комплексных вяжущих, получаемых на основе использования портландцемента и некондиционного природного и техногенного сырья.
The paper discusses the basics of heat and mass transfer processes during the curing of concrete in helioforms with a translucent coating. The features of dehydration of concrete hardening under conditions of high temperatures and low relative humidity have been studied. It has been established that the quantitative indicators of moisture loss affect not only the physical, mechanical and operational indicators, but also the design features of the helioforms used to cure concrete composites on complex binders obtained through the use of Portland cement and substandard natural and technogenic raw materials.
PRODUCTION OF COMPOSITE CEMENT BASED ON INDUSTRIAL WASTE
Authors: Айменов Ж. Т. , Айменов А. Ж. , Сарсенбаев Н. Б. , Сарсенбаев Б. К. 
Published: June 2021

Проведены исследования физико-химических процессов структурообразования композиционных цементов с добавкой отходов обогащения полиметаллических руд современными методами. Были определены минералогический состав, химический состав с использованием рентгенофазового, микроскопического, дифференциально-термического методов анализа. Это позволило установить, что содержание карбонатов в отходах обогащения полиметаллических руд до 30% не понизило прочности образцов.
Investigations of the physicochemical processes of structure formation of composite cements with the addition of wastes of concentration of polymetallic ores by modern methods have been carried out. The mineralogical composition, chemical composition were determined using X-ray phase, microscopic, differential thermal methods of analysis. This made it possible to establish that the carbonate content in the wastes of enrichment of polymetallic ores up to 30% did not reduce the strength of the samples.
STATE–BUILDING, CITIZENSHIP AND THE BANYARWANDA QUESTION IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO
Authors: Koko Sadiki 
Published: June 2021

Since achieving independence in June 1960, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has been grappling with the question of the citizenship of Kinyarwanda and Kirundi-speaking populations settled on its territory at different historical periods, herein referred to as the Banyarwanda. While there is evidence of the presence of some Banyarwanda communities on current Congolese territory prior to the advent of Belgian colonisation in the area, the majority of the Banyarwanda currently living in the DRC are descendants of those brought into the country through colonial immigration and labour recruitment processes, political exile and refuge as well as clandestine migration. Using a historical perspective, this article analyses the manner in which the question of the citizenship of the Banyarwanda has been handled in the DRC since the establishment of the Congo Free State in 1885. The article locates the roots of the problem in the poorly designed colonial policies surrounding the relocation of these populations to the Kivu region. However, the article acknowledges that the sole shortcomings on the part of colonial authorities would have never had the current consequences if it was not for the inconsistencies of the different post-colonial governments that have ruled over the DRC. Instead of resolving the citizenship question in an effective and sustainable manner, all these governments have based their respective responses to the issue on short-term political expediencies as dictated by the balance of forces within the country, the Kivu area and the Great Lakes region at a particular juncture.
New mediation practices in African conflicts (Ulf Engel)
Authors: Melber Henning 
Published: June 2021

This volume is the result of the editor's fellowship at the Wallenberg Research Centre of the Stellenbosch Institute of Advanced Studies, which ended with an international workshop on the subject, held in September 2011. The contributions engage from different angles and perspectives with a wider range of case studies and thematic issues observing trends and ongoing shifts in African security architecture and subsequent approaches to and practices of intervention by mediation. As the editor observes: "These efforts are related to a larger process of norm change, including a new preference for non-indifference as opposed to non interference in each other's affairs and an emphasis on human security as opposed to traditional regime security" (p 2).
RECONCILIATION IN ZIMBABWE: THE CONFLICT BETWEEN A STATE-CENTRED AND PEOPLECENTRED APPROACH
Authors: Murambadoro Ruth , Wielenga Cori 
Published: June 2021

Reconciliation has become an integral part of the post-conflict peacebuilding process, and has come to be seen as an integral part of sustaining peace and security, particularly at the local level. The tension between a state security and human security approach to peacebuilding is particularly evident in national reconciliation and transitional justice processes. There is a continued emphasis on high-level reconciliation processes and the reconciliation of elite actors over processes that facilitate reconciliation at the community level. This article explores this in the case of Zimbabwe, where the emphasis is on a state-based approach to resolving conflict, which fails to take into account or address the needs and issues that affect local communities. Drawing from fieldwork undertaken in Matabeleland in April, 2014, this article describes what community members identify as their central needs when it comes to reconciliation, within the context of the state-driven processes that have been implemented to date.
ASYMMETRICAL CONFLICT AND HUMAN SECURITY: REFLECTIONS FROM KENYA
Authors: Okech Awino 
Published: June 2021

This paper focuses on contemporary challenges to the human security framework through an examination of asymmetrical conflict generated by extremist insurgents, specifically Al Shabaab in Kenya. The political and security dynamics generated by extremist groups often find reinforcement in local contestations over power and territory, resulting in an interaction between local and 'external'. It is the product of these interactions in the form of opportunities, resultant discourses, responses and what they offer to an expansion of normative ideas about human security and conflict that this paper focuses on. Using Kenya as a case study, this paper explores the interface between the growth of Al Shabaab, securitisation of governance and political elite consensus on the policy relationship between human security versus a state security model. This paper pursues the argument that the rise in the intensity and nature of Al Shabaab attacks in Kenya has influenced the interpretation of the country's security threats and the application of strategies. Rather than aiding the application of human security as central to national security, it has rolled back previous gains.
IN THIS ISSUE
Authors: Melber Henning 
Published: June 2021

South African Finance Ministers (notably in the plural, given the events since December 2015) face multiple challenges. They deal not only with an economy in stagnation through an austerity policy as recently presented by Pravin Gordhan in his Medium Term Budget in late October, but also with the sobering results of the limited socio-economic transformation since the end of apartheid. The contradictions prevailing since then are reflected not least in the devastating crisis sweeping across South Africa universities. As if that is not enough, a Finance Minister concerned about good governance is also waging an uphill battle to reduce damage by trying to protect the state and its assets from further capture by predatory elites. Considering all of this, it is not surprising that a critical analysis of what is termed economic freedom, an interpretation of the meaning and its consequences, is a fitting contribution to the Strategic Review. Joleen Steyn Kotze presents such an examination in the first article of this issue. Her reflections compare and juxtapose the different notions and ideologies of economic freedom and the effects these may have if turned into policy. This invites further debate regarding the transformation of South African society, which inherited one of the most grossly unequal societies in our world, a condition yet to be markedly reduced.
Debates are also required about other aspects that are relevant for a journal focused on regional strategic issues. These include not least the notion of human security and the role of the military. Thuso Benton Mongwaketse relates directly with his contribution, to a subject raised in recent issues.1) By concluding that "security and human security in particular, is fundamentally about responsiveness, accountability, and transparency in governance", he more than indirectly links the discourse on the role of a national defence force to the socio-economic dimensions dealt with in the first article.
Hacia una comprensión de las relaciones de interdependencia en el ecosistema de aprendizaje
Authors: Avendaño Castro William Rodrigo , Gamboa Suárez Audin Aloiso , Prada-Núñez Raúl 
Published: June 2021

El objetivo de la investigación fue describir las relaciones de interdependencia positivas que se contextualizan y se establecen en el ecosistema de aprendizaje, por parte de los docentes del contexto universitario que pertenecen a una red de matemática. La investigación se enmarcó en un enfoque mixto, de tipo aplicada y descriptiva. La muestra estuvo compuesta por veinticinco (25) docentes del contexto universitario. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la encuesta y la entrevista semiestructurada. El estudio mostró que la relación de interdependencia en la presencia cognitiva facilita el acceso a los recursos y materiales de aprendizaje, así como la interdependencia en la interacción con los docentes, las redes y la relación entre pares resulta de una integración del espacio de colaboración y cooperación. Se concluyó que el ecosistema de aprendizaje permite establecer relaciones positivas de interdependencia para la transmisión, producción de conocimiento y nodos de saberes.
PENERAPAN METODE CTL (CONTEXSTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR BIOLOGI SISWA KELAS XI IPA.1 SMA NEGERI JENGGAWAH MELALUI PEMBUATAN MODEL STRUKTUR SEL 3D
Authors: Mudayanti An Rini 
Published: June 2021

The research application of CTL (contextual teaching and learning) method through making of 3D cell model aims to determine the effect on student's motivation, learning outcomes and to find out the understanding student concepts.
For this reason, it is necessary to have a PTK with 2 cycles. The subjects of this research were students of SMA Negeri Jenggawah especially class XI IPA.1 which consisted of 36 students with 12 male and 24 female. The data analysis used is standards descriptive statistical of data analysis. The results of this research indicate that the application of CTL method through making of 3D cell models has a significant impact on student motivation and learning outcomes. Indicated by an increase in student learning motivation, so that it affects learning outcomes from pre-cycle to cycle 2 by 69%. There were 25 students who obtained very good criteria and an increase in classical learning outcomes of 86.11% (31 students who completed) with an average score of 79.83 = 80 and the highest score was 98 while the lowest score was 68.
The nationality benefit: Long-term memory associations enhance visual working memory for color-shape conjunctions
Authors: Conci Markus , Kreyenmeier Philipp , Kröll Lisa , Spiech Connor , Müller Hermann J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVisual working memory (VWM) is typically found to be severely limited in capacity, but this limitation may be ameliorated by providing familiar objects that are associated with knowledge stored in long-term memory. However, comparing meaningful and meaningless stimuli usually entails a confound, because different types of objects also tend to vary in terms of their inherent perceptual complexity. The current study therefore aimed to dissociate stimulus complexity from object meaning in VWM. To this end, identical stimuli – namely, simple color-shape conjunctions – were presented, which either resembled meaningful configurations (“real” European flags), or which were rearranged to form perceptually identical but meaningless (“fake”) flags. The results revealed complexity estimates for “real” and “fake” flags to be higher than for unicolor baseline stimuli. However, VWM capacity for real flags was comparable to the unicolor baseline stimuli (and substantially higher than for fake flags). This shows that relatively complex, yet meaningful “real” flags reveal a VWM capacity that is comparable to rather simple, unicolored memory items. Moreover, this “nationality” benefit was related to individual flag recognition performance, thus showing that VWM depends on object knowledge.
Mounting wires as a source of ignition in electrical cabinets
Authors: Боков Геннадий Васильевич , Назаров Антон Александрович , Боков Денис Геннадьевич 
Published: June 2021

Приведены результаты исследований монтажных проводов электрических шкафов на воспламеняемость под воздействием тока. Выделены три зоны сверхтока, имеющие отличительные особенности появления источника зажигания. Показано влияние изоляции провода на частоту появления воспламенения в местах присоединения его к элементу электрооборудования. Представлены данные о воспламеняемости поливинилхлоридной изоляции в диапазоне пожароопасных значений сверхтока. Предложено характеризовать электрический провод как потенциальный источник зажигания площадью, образованной зависимостью времени воспламенения изоляции в интервале возможных сверхтоков.
Wires are widely used for internal installation of electrical cabinets. Number of fire cases caused by wires takes one of the first places in fire statistics. Application of wires in the cabinets has its own fire-prone aspects peculiarities as concerns initiation of electrical nature ignition source. It appears both at single wire laying and at laying in cords where wires touch each other also in connection points of electrical apparatuses and devices located in the cabinet. The article considers issues of ignition source appearance in wires taking into account specifics of their installation in electrical cabinets. Ignition source appearance in a single wire and in wires contacting each other has a difference. There are given experimental data on inflammation frequency of wire insulation material at single wire laying and also at higher resistance in electrical elements connection points. Zones that differ in characteristic features of wire as an ignition source are given in the range of possible overcurrents. Zone A is characterized by insulation ignition with low probability due to low current density that is not enough to heat the wire up to the critical temperature Т, at which thermal decomposition products of wire insulating polymeric cover ignite. Zone B is designated in the range of overcurrent ratio from 2,5 to 18 compared with the long term permissible current value, in which insulation inflammation is observed due to fast conductor heating taking into account the influence of connection points with devices and apparatuses where increased transient resistance is present. It is experimentally confirmed that with the increase in transient resistance at the point of conductor connection with electrical equipment elements, the inflammation frequency of wire insulation increases. At the same time, the overcurrent range where ignition source appears reduces. It is proposed to use the area limited by the dependence of the time before insulation inflammation from the minimum to the maximum current value at which ignition occurs as a characteristic of the wire as an ignition source.