bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HUKUM, HAKIM, MAHKUM FIH DAN MAHKUM ALAIH (Studi Pemahaman Dasar Ilmu Hukum Islam)
Authors: Cut Ali Isnu 
Published: June 2021

Dalam istilah ulama ushul, hukum didefinisikan sebagai suatu khitab syari’ yang berkaitan dengan perbuatan-perbuatan mukallaf, baik yang bersifat thalab (tuntutan), takhyiir (pilihan) atau wadl’i (ketetapan). Sedangkan hukum menurut pakar fiqih adalah suatu sifat syar’i yang merupakan pengaruh dari khitab tersebut. Dengan demikian, pengaruh khitab Allah yang berimplikasi pada kewajiban mendirikan shalat dari ayat “Aqiimu as-Sholaah” adalah sebuah hukum. Secara hakikat hakim adalah Allah swt. Semata, tidak ada yang lain. Para utusan Allah hanya sekedar menyampaikan risalah dan hukum-hukumnya saja. Mereka semua tidak menciptakan atau menetapkan hukum. Sementara para mujtahid cuma sekedar menyingkap tabir-tabir hukum. Mereka juga bukan pencipta hukum syariat, sekalipun secara adat mereka juga terkadang disebut hakim. Yang dimaksud dengan mahkum fih adalah perbuatan seorang mukallaf yang berkaitan dengan taklif/pembebanan. Taklif yang berasal dari Allah ditujukan pada manusia dalam setiap perbuatan-perbuatannya. Mahkum alaih adalah seorang mukallaf yang perbuatannya itu berkaitan dengan hukum dari syari’.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme-1 gene insertion/deletion polymorphism may be associated with COVID-19 clinical severity: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Gunal Ozgur , Sezer Ozlem , Ustun Goksenin Unluguzel , Ozturk Cagatay Erman , Sen Ahmet , Yigit Serbulent , Demirag Mehmet Derya 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND:
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism may play a role in the pathogenesis of coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19).

OBJECTIVES:
Investigate the relationship between ACE I/D polymorphism and the clinical severity of COVID-19.

DESIGN:
Prospective cohort study.

SETTING:
Tertiary care hospital.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
The study included COVID-19 patients with asymptomatic, mild, and severe disease with clinical data and whole blood samples collected from 1 April 2020 to 1 July 2020. ACE I/D genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction and agarose gel electrophoresis.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:
ACE DD, DI and II genotypes frequencies.

SAMPLE SIZE:
90 cases, 30 in each disease severity group.

RESULTS:
Age and the frequency of general comorbidity increased significantly from the asymptomatic disease group to the severe disease group. Advanced age, diabetes mellitus and presence of ischemic heart disease were independent risk factors for severe COVID-19 [OR and 95 % CI: 1.052 (1.021-1.083), 5.204 (1.006-26.892) and 5.922 (1.109-31.633), respectively]. The ACE II genotype was the dominant genotype (50%) in asymptomatic patients, while the DD genotype was the dominant genotype (63.3 %) in severe disease. The ACE II geno-type was protective against severe COVID-19 [OR and 95% CI: .323 (.112-.929)]. All nine patients (8.9%) who died had severe disease.

CONCLUSIONS:
The clinical severity of COVID-19 infection may be associated with the ACE I/D polymorphism.

LIMITATIONS:
Small sample size and single center.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:
None.
The epidemiology of drowning among Saudi children: results from a large trauma center
Authors: Alkhalaf Hamad , Zuraie Meshal , Alqahtani Ryan Nasser , Alghamdi Mashael , Afif Abdulrahman Bin , Alqahtani Faisal Jubran , Jawdat Talal , Abusulaiman Suhaib , Alshahrani Abdulaziz , Alghnam Suliman 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND:Drowning is the third leading cause of unintentional death among children worldwide. Although natural waters pose a risk of drowning in low-income countries, swimming pools are more prevalent in high-income countries. In Saudi Arabia, injuries and drowning are a significant threat to population health. Local data is limited, which affects an understanding of the extent of the burden and the development of prevention strategies.OBJECTIVE:Determine the epidemiological characteristics, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of drowning among children.DESIGN:Retrospective chart review.SETTING:Patients admitted to the tertiary care unit of a hospital in Riyadh.PATIENTS AND METHODS:Data was collected on children who drowned (age 0-14) between January 2015 and August 2020. Cases were identified from the electronic health record system where the diagnosis was drowning. Differences in characteristics and outcomes between nonfatal cases with no neurological damage and fatal cases with neurological damage were analyzed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:Drowning mortality and morbidity.SAMPLE SIZE:99.RESULTS:Of the 99 drowning cases, 22 (22.2%) had a fatal outcome or resulted in neurological damage. The most-reported drowning site was private pools (82%). The majority of cases involved children younger than the age of two (54%). Eighty-four cases (84.8%) occurred on holidays. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed in 61 (61.6%) of cases. A significant association was found between the delay in initiating resuscitation and an unfavorable outcome (P<.01). A high Glasgow Coma Scale score upon admission was a predictor of normal recovery (P<.01).CONCLUSION:These findings warrant investment to increase public awareness of the risks of leaving children unsupervised in swimming pools. In addition, there is a need to ensure early resuscitation of drowning victims by promoting life support courses in order to facilitate positive outcomes.LIMITATIONS:The study was conducted in one tertiary center located in a non-coastal city so the results may not be generalizable.CONFLICT OF INTEREST:None.
Pilonidal sinus disease recurrence at a tertiary care center in Riyadh
Authors: Albabtain Ibrahim Tawfiq , Alkhaldi Abdullah , Aldosari Lama , Alsaadon Lina 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND:
Pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the sacrococcygeal area. Pilonidal sinus recurrence is a matter of concern to both patients and healthcare providers.

OBJECTIVES:
Estimate the rate of PSD recurrence in our center and identify any risk factors contributing to disease recurrence.

DESIGN:
Retrospective.

SETTING:
Tertiary care center in Riyadh.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
All patients who underwent surgery for primary or recurrent pilonidal sinus between 1 January 2016 to 30 June 2019 were included to allow for at least 1-year of follow-up at the time of data collection.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:
Recurrence rate of PSD and risk factors for recurrence.

SAMPLE SIZE AND CHARACTERISTICS:
369 patients: 329 males (89.2%) and 40 (10.8%) females. Median (interquartile range) age was 21 (18-26) years.

RESULTS:

Of the 369 included patients, recurrence was identified in 84 (22.8%) cases [95% confidence interval (CI) 18.6-27.4], and the mean timing of recurrence was 1.8 (1.6) years after the primary surgery. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, increased age and post-operative seroma fluid discharge were independent risk factors for recurrence. In contrast, preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis and postoperative hair removal were effective in reducing recurrence. Type of surgery closure had no effect on recurrence, yet primary closure was associated with early onset of recurrence compared to secondary closure (
P
=.02).

CONCLUSION:
Our findings on the factors associated with recurrence of PSD are consistent with many reports in the literature. Reported prevalence estimates vary widely.

LIMITATION:
Single center, small sample size, retrospective.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:
None.
KOMPETENSI GURU DALAM PENYUSUNAN INSTRUMEN IPS DI SDIT AL-FITYAN KECAMATAN SOMBA OPU KABUPATEN GOWA
Authors: Junaedi Junaedi , Bahri Aliem , Mirnawati Mirnawati 
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kenyataan bahwa kompetensi guru merupakan aspek yang sangat penting untuk peningkatan mutu pendidikan. Upaya meningkatkan mutu dibidang pendidikan dapat dilakukan dengan cara berinovasi yang terintegrasi secara berkesinambungan. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu 1) Bagaimanakah kompetensi guru dalam penyusunan instrumen penilaian mata pelajaran IPS di SDIT Al-fityan Kecamatan Somba Opu Kabupaten Gowa. 2) Faktor apa yang mendukung dan menghambat kompetensi guru dalam penyusunan instrumen penilaian mata pelajaran IPS di SDIT Al-fityan Kecamatan Somba Opu Kabupaten Gowa. Oleh karena itu, Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan guru, mengetahui faktor pendukung dan penghambat kompetensi guru dalam penyusunan instrumen penilaian mata pelajaran IPS di SDIT Al-fityan Kecamatan Somba Opu Kabupaten Gowa. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif melalui pendekatan deskriptif, dengan penentuan informan secara purposive sampling yang terdiri dari kepala sekolah, guru kelas III dan VI, serta peserta didik kelas III dan VI. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kompetensi guru yang mengajar di SDIT Al-Fityan Gowa sudah memiliki kompetensi pedagogik yang baik dalam penyusunan instrumen penilaian. Selain itu, peningkatan kompetensi pedagogik ditunjang dengan adanya faktor pendukung kompetensi guru yaitu: 1) Tingkat pendidikan yang tinggi. 2) Keikutsertaan dalam berbagai pelatihan dan kegiatan ilmiah. 3) Masa kerja dan pengalaman kerja. 4) Tingkat kesejahteraan. 5) Kesadaran kewajiban dan tanggung jawab. 6) Ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana. 7) Kepemimpinan kepala sekolah. 8) kegiatan pembinaan yang dilakukan. Faktor penghambat kompetensi pedagogik guru adalah kurangnya pemahaman tentang penilaian pada kurikulum 2013. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat dijadikan sebagai rujukan untuk upaya peningkatan kompetensi guru di abad 21
Microbial and geo-archaeological records reveal the growth rate, origin and composition of desert rock surface communities
Authors: Wieler Nimrod , Erickson Gini Tali , Gillor Osnat , Angel Roey 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Biological rock crusts (BRCs) are ubiquitous features of rock surfaces in drylands composed of slow-growing microbial assemblages. BRC presence is often correlated with rock weathering, soiling effect or mitigating geomorphic processes. However, their development rate is still unknown. In this work, we characterised and dated BRCs in an arid environment, under natural conditions, by integrating archaeological, microbiological and geological methods. To this end, we sampled rocks from a well-documented Byzantine archaeological site and the surrounding area located in the central Negev, Israel. The archaeological site, which is dated to the fourth to seventh centuries CE, was constructed from two lithologies, limestone and chalk. BRC started developing on the rocks after being carved, and its age should match that of the site. Using stable carbon and oxygen isotope ratios, we confirmed the biogenic nature of the crusts. The BRC samples showed mild differences in the microbial community assemblages between the site and its surroundings, irrespective of lithology, confirming the dominance of aeolian inoculation sources. All BRCs were dominated by Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria. We further measured the BRC thickness on 1700-year-old building stone blocks and determined it to be 0.1–0.6 mm thick. Therefore, a BRC growth rate was estimated, for the first time, to be 0.06–0.35 mm kyr−1. Our dating method was then validated on a similar archaeological site located ca. 20 km away, giving comparable values. We propose that BRC growth rates could be used as an affordable yet robust dating tool in archaeological sites in arid environments.
A data–model approach to interpreting speleothem oxygen isotope records from monsoon regions
Authors: Parker Sarah E. , Harrison Sandy P. , Comas-Bru Laia , Kaushal Nikita , LeGrande Allegra N. , Werner Martin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Reconstruction of past changes in monsoon climate from
speleothem oxygen isotope (δ18O) records is complex because
δ18O signals can be influenced by multiple factors including
changes in precipitation, precipitation recycling over land, temperature at
the moisture source, and changes in the moisture source region and transport
pathway. Here, we analyse >150 speleothem records of the Speleothem Isotopes Synthesis and AnaLysis (SISAL) database to
produce composite regional trends in δ18O in monsoon regions; compositing minimises the influence of site-specific karst and cave processes that can influence individual site records. We compare speleothem δ18O observations with isotope-enabled climate model simulations to investigate the specific climatic factors causing these regional trends. We focus on differences in δ18O signals between the mid-Holocene, the peak of the Last Interglacial (Marine Isotope Stage 5e) and
the Last Glacial Maximum as well as on δ18O evolution through the
Holocene. Differences in speleothem δ18O between the
mid-Holocene and the Last Interglacial in the East Asian and Indian monsoons are
small, despite the larger summer insolation values during the Last
Interglacial. Last Glacial Maximum δ18O values are
significantly less negative than interglacial values. Comparison with
simulated glacial–interglacial δ18O shows that changes are
principally driven by global shifts in temperature and regional
precipitation. Holocene speleothem δ18O records show distinct
and coherent regional trends. Trends are similar to summer insolation in
India, China and southwestern South America, but they are different in the
Indonesian–Australian region. Redundancy analysis shows that 37 % of
Holocene variability can be accounted for by latitude and longitude,
supporting the differentiation of records into individual monsoon regions.
Regression analysis of simulated precipitation δ18O and climate variables show significant relationships between global Holocene monsoon δ18O trends and changes in precipitation, atmospheric circulation and (to a lesser extent) source area temperature, whereas precipitation recycling is non-significant. However, there are differences in regional-scale mechanisms: there are clear relationships between changes in precipitation and δ18O for India, southwestern South America and the Indonesian–Australian regions but not for the East Asian monsoon. Changes in atmospheric circulation contribute to δ18O trends in the East Asian, Indian and Indonesian–Australian monsoons, and a weak source area temperature effect is observed over southern and central America and Asia. Precipitation recycling is influential in southwestern South America and southern Africa. Overall, our analyses show that it is possible to differentiate the impacts of specific climatic mechanisms influencing precipitation δ18O and use this analysis to interpret changes in speleothem δ18O.
University of Colorado and Black Swift Technologies RPAS-based measurements of the lower atmosphere during LAPSE-RATE
Authors: de Boer Gijs , Dixon Cory , Borenstein Steven , Lawrence Dale A. , Elston Jack , Hesselius Daniel , Stachura Maciej , Laurence III Roger , Swenson Sara , Choate Christopher M. , Doddi Abhiram , Sesnic Aiden , Glasheen Katherine , Laouar Zakariya , Quinby Flora , Frew Eric , Argrow Brian M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Between 14 and 20 July 2018, small remotely piloted aircraft
systems (RPASs) were deployed to the San Luis Valley of Colorado (USA)
together with a variety of surface-based remote and in situ sensors as well as
radiosonde systems as part of the Lower Atmospheric Profiling Studies at
Elevation – a Remotely-piloted Aircraft Team Experiment (LAPSE-RATE). The
observations from LAPSE-RATE were aimed at improving our understanding of
boundary layer structure, cloud and aerosol properties, and
surface–atmosphere exchange and provide detailed information to support
model evaluation and improvement work. The current paper describes the
observations obtained using four different types of RPASs deployed by the
University of Colorado Boulder and Black Swift Technologies. These included
the DataHawk2, the Talon and the TTwistor (University of Colorado), and the S1 (Black
Swift Technologies). Together, these aircraft collected over 30 h of
data throughout the northern half of the San Luis Valley, sampling altitudes
between the surface and 914 m a.g.l. Data from these platforms are publicly
available through the Zenodo archive and are co-located with other
LAPSE-RATE data as part of the Zenodo LAPSE-RATE community
(https://zenodo.org/communities/lapse-rate/, last access: 27 May 2021). The primary DOIs for these
datasets are https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3891620 (DataHawk2, de Boer et al., 2020a, e),
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4096451 (Talon, de Boer et al., 2020d),
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4110626 (TTwistor, de Boer et al., 2020b), and
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3861831 (S1, Elston and Stachura, 2020).
PEMBERIAN MASSAGE PUNGGUNG SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENGOBATAN UNTUK PENGURANGAN INTENSITAS NYERI PADA IBU BERSALIN PRIMIGRAVIDA DI BPM TITIEK C, A.Md..Keb TAHUN 2018
Authors: LUTFIANA INDRIE , Sumiari I Made Karlina , Jayanti Ketut 
Published: June 2021

Pelayanan kebidanan merupakan bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dari sistem pelayanan kesehatan. Pelayanan kebidanan merupakan layanan yang diberikan oleh bidan sesuai kewenangan bidan yang diarahkan untuk mewujudkan kesejahteraan keluarga terutama ibu dan anak sehingga terwujud keluarga bahagia, sejahtera dan berkualitas.Dalam penyelenggaraan Praktik Kebidanan, Bidan memiliki kewenangan untuk memberikan pelayanan kesehatan ibu, pelayanan kesehatan anak; danpelayanankesehatan reproduksi perempuan dan keluarga berencana.Manajemen nyeri persalinan dapat diterapkan secara non-farmakologis dan farmakolgis. Manajemen nyeri non-farmakologis lebih aman, sederhana dan tidak menimbulkan efek merugikan serta mengacu kepada asuhan sayang ibu, dibandingkan dengan metode farmakologi yang berpotensi mempunyai efek yang merugikan
Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis penatalaksanaanPenatalaksaan Massage Punggung Sebagai Alternatif Pengobatan Untuk Pengurangan Intensitas Nyeri Pada Ibu Bersalin Primigravida Di Bpm Titiek C, A.Md.KebTahun 2018
Desain penelitian ini menggunakan quasy eksperimen dengan rancangan penelitian pretest dan post test terhadap satu kelompok tanpa adanya pembanding. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 23 responden. Variabel independennya adalah Penatalaksanaan Massage Punggung dan variabel dependennya adalah intensitas nyeri persalinan. Data dalam penelitian ini diambl dengan cara observasi.
Dari hasil teknik massage punggung sangat efektif dalam menurunkan tingkat nyeri persalinan primigravida di BPM Titiek C, A.Md.Kebdengan nilai p = 0,00 (p <0,05) yang artinya p value < 0,05, sehingga hipotesa dalam penelitian ini diterima.
Penatalaksanaan nyeri dengan massage punggung merupakan salah satu Teknik yang dibutuhkan dalam pengelolaan nyeri pada persalinan, massage punggung dapat menurunkan nyeri persalinan kala I dan juga memberikan gambaran secara umum pada ibu yang akan melahirkan sehingga ibu akan merasa lebih tenang dalam menjalani persalinan
HUBUNGAN SELF EFFICACY DENGAN KEPATUHAN MINUM OBAT PADA PENDERITA HIPERTENSI DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS TEJAKULA 1
Authors: Sukmaningsih Ayu Kadek , Putra G.Nur Widya , Sujadi Hari , Ridayanti Putu Windi 
Published: June 2021

Hipertensi adalah suatu keadaan dimana seseorang mengalami peningkatan tekanan darah diatas normal yang mengakibatkan peningkatan angka kesakitan (morbiditas) dan angka kematian/ mortalitas. Hipertensi dapat diobati dengan cara patuh mengkonsumsi obat anti hipertensi. Kepatuhan minum obat dapat terjadi jika penderita memiliki keyakinan untuk sembuh, keyakinan ini dinamakan self efficacy.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan self efficacy dengan kepatuhan minum obat penderita hipertensi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tejakula 1. Jenis penelitian ini adalah non-eksperimental korelasional dengan uji Spearman Rank yang dilaksanakan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tejakula 1. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner kepatuhan minum obat dan kuesioner self efficacy dengan sampel 56 orang. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan mayoritas responden memiliki tingkat kepatuhan minum obat tinggi dan memiliki self efficacy tinggi yaitu sebanyak 22 orang (39,3%). Hasil uji analisis didapatkan nilai p-value 0,025 yang berarti terdapat Hubungan Self efficacy dengan Kepatuhan Minum Obat Penderita Hipertensi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tejakula 1.
Aansluiting bij een terroristische organisatie en verlies van Nederlanderschap. Hoe werkt het in de praktijk?
Authors: Bex-Reimert Viola , Marseille Bert , Wever Marc , de Winter Paulien , Winter Heinrich 
Published: June 2021

Aansluiting bij een terroristische organisatie en verlies van Nederlanderschap. Hoe werkt het in de praktijk?
Article 14 (4) of the Netherlands Nationality Act (RwN) gives the minister of Justice and Security the authority to revoke the Dutch citizenship if that person has voluntarily joined a terrorist organisation that is a threat to national security. In this article, which is based on an evaluation study of article 14 (4) commissioned by the Research and Documentation Center of the Ministry of Justice and Security, the authors discuss the decision-making process of revocation of the Dutch nationality based on article 14 (4) in practice. This article also provides empirical data on this decision-making process, such as on the number of times the Dutch nationality was revoked and the outcomes of court proceedings about article 14 (4) cases.
Recht op een bankrekening?
Authors: Sybesma J. 
Published: June 2021

Recht op een bankrekening?
Hebben bankrelaties, particulier en/of zakelijk, recht op een bankrekening? Aan de orde komt de positie van de commerciële bank als vennootschap waarvan het handelen sterk wordt gereguleerd door toezichtwetgeving, internationale normen, de eigen risk appetite in samenhang met de door jurisprudentie nader ingekleurde bancaire zorgplicht.
Verantwoordelijkheden ten aanzien van de migratiecrisis in het Caribisch deel van het Koninkrijk
Authors: Pamir S. 
Published: June 2021

Verantwoordelijkheden ten aanzien van de migratiecrisis in het Caribisch deel van het Koninkrijk
De Staatssecretaris van BZK kan niet blijven volhouden dat het kabinet geen verantwoordelijkheid heeft ten aanzien van het asielbeleid in de Caribische landen. Het Caribisch deel van het Koninkrijk kent een groot gebrek aan expliciete wettelijke bepalingen ten aanzien van internationale bescherming. Artikel 36 Statuut vereist dat de landen ten aanzien van deze landsaangelegenheid uit oogpunt van solidariteit – gelet op de huidige migratiecrisis – samenwerken. Er zijn verschillende mogelijkheden om tot een structurele oplossing te komen. Te denken valt aan een rijkswet en concordantie van wetgeving, waarbij altijd rekening moet worden gehouden met inherente verschillen tussen Nederland en de Caribische landen.
Verschillen in bestuurlijk toezicht tussen gemeenten en BES-eilanden
Authors: Welling E.M. 
Published: June 2021

Verschillen in bestuurlijk toezicht tussen gemeenten en BES-eilanden
De inzet van de grove taakverwaarlozingsregeling ten aanzien van het openbaar lichaam Sint Eustatius illustreert de vergaande strekking van het bestuurlijk toezicht op decentrale overheden. Opvallend is dat er tussen het toezichtinstrumentarium op gemeenten en dat op openbare lichamen verschillen bestaan. In dit artikel wordt ingegaan op de verschillen bij onder andere de bevoegdheid tot indeplaatsstelling bij taakverwaarlozing, spontane vernietiging, de aanwijzingsbevoegdheid en goedkeuring van de begroting. Bovendien wordt ten behoeve van de proportionaliteit en doelmatigheid van het toezicht geadviseerd om verschillen op te heffen.