bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecological and Legal Problems of Electrification of Motor Vehicles
Authors: Bryhadyr I. V. 
Published: November 2021

The article is focused on studying the state policy, legislation and practice of its application in Ukraine regarding the use of electrified motor vehicles – battery vehicles that run on chemical sources of electric current. The purpose of the work is to determine the legal mechanisms to prevent the negative impact on the environment from the electrification of motor vehicles.
The methodological basis of the research included: comparative and legal method, which was used to study the requirements of EU and Ukrainian legislation; the method of system analysis allowed us to reveal the legal mechanisms of regulating the use of car batteries and the subsequent treatment of unusable power batteries of electric vehicles.
The result of the research was the justification of the need to: update the legislation of Ukraine on chemical sources of electric current, in the process of which one should take into account the expansion of such sources, increasing their number and, most importantly, the total mass; creation and introduction of a system of accounting for operations on supply and utilization of batteries of electric vehicles with the obligation of suppliers of such components to create an infrastructure for collection and subsequent transfer for disposal to manufacturers of batteries unfit for further operation; establishment of the presumption of environmental pollution by the owner of the electric vehicle in case of purchasing the element or the whole battery without transferring the fulfilled or damaged battery to utilization.
The results of the research can be used in law-enforcement practice to prevent the negative impact on the environment of by unusable power batteries of electric vehicles, as well as in lawmaking to improve legal mechanisms of preventing mass accumulation of used chemical sources of electric current in Ukraine.
Tax Compromise and Tax Amnesty Procedures Implementation
Authors: Syromiatnikova M. S. 
Published: November 2021

The research is focused on the problems of legal regulation of certain procedures of tax compromise and tax amnesty. The scientific article`s relevance is justified because certain procedures of tax compromise and tax amnesty should contribute to the balance of legitimate interests of citizens and the state. The purpose of the study is to identify propositions for amending the current legislation of Ukraine, establishing the possibility of reaching a tax compromise or the introduction of a tax amnesty. Scientific works of Ukrainian researchers, laws, and regulations were used in the process of studying the problem.
The scientific novelty of this article is to make propositions for the development and adoption of a separate Law of Ukraine "On the Organizational and Legal Framework of Tax Amnesty", which would establish the conditions and procedure for tax amnesty in Ukraine in the future.
The procedures of the tax compromise are the submission of documents specified by law to the tax authorities, the decision on the need for an unscheduled documentary audit, approval of the amount of tax liability, and payment of funds by a taxpayer. The procedures for placing funds in special accounts in banks, submitting a declaration to the tax authorities and verifying the sources of receipt of the declared funds are applied during the tax amnesty. The final stage of the tax amnesty is the payment of the fee specified by law. A mandatory condition of the tax amnesty is the release of a taxpayer from criminal liability for tax evasion.
The results of the study can be used in lawmaking, law-enforcement practice, and the educational process.
Gaps in Administrative and Legal Regulation of the Liability Institution for Direct Contempt
Authors: Shust H. P. , Khovpun O. S. , Batryn O. V. 
Published: November 2021

The publication is focused on studying the state of legal regulation of the liability institution for direct contempt. Cases of direct contempt’s manifestation are negative phenomenon, since they negatively affect the activities and image of the judicial system; they are demonstration of the level of trust to the judicial power; they create obstacles in the formation of confident relationship between citizens and the court; they prevent the state from fulfilling its obligations to ensure everyone’s right to a fair trial.
The current legislation of Ukraine has been analyzed. It has been established that the legislation has many gaps that need to be addressed immediately. Shortcomings in legal regulation hinder the full functioning of the liability institution for direct contempt on equal and fair terms, since they allow for ambiguous interpretation of the law norms and evaluation of a person’s actions.
The authors have studied some gaps in legal regulation of the liability institution for direct contempt. It has been offered to combine all the shortcomings of the legislation into two groups: of qualifying and procedural nature. Qualifying shortcomings include problematic issues related to the qualification of a person’s actions (regarding the forms of direct contempt, the place and time of the action, the subjects of the offense). Procedural shortcomings include problematic issues related to the procedure for prosecuting direct contempt, in particular determining the range of courts that may hear such cases and the consistency of their powers; the procedure for appointing a judge to hear such cases; the need to draw up the minutes on administrative offenses and to record the procedure of hearing the case; features of notifying a person about the time and place of hearing the case on administrative offenses, etc.
The opinions of scholars and practitioners on the functioning of the liability institution for direct contempt in Ukraine have been analyzed. The authors have formulated propositions on improving the legal regulation of the liability institution for direct contempt.
Assistance in identifying potential occupational safety and health hazards for woven bamboo craftsmen in Tasikmalaya
Authors: Sriagustini Isyeu , Supriyani Teni 
Published: November 2021

The informal sector business supports the economy in Indonesia. However, It has various potential hazards. Occupational safety and health (OSH) must be implemented in all workplaces, both formal and informal. OSH efforts focus more on disease prevention and health promotion to change workers' behavior meeting occupational health standards. One of them is increasing workers' knowledge. This community service aims to disseminate the study results of the potential hazards of the work environment in each process of making bamboo weaving crafts. The method used community empowering There were 20 participants consisting of bamboo SMEs owners and the craftsmen who joined the bamboo SMEs association. The results showed that most participants never knew that there were potential hazards in every stage of making woven bamboo crafts before the accompaniment. However, they became more understanding of the potential hazards in their workplace after accompaniment. In conclusion, craftsman's understanding levels of the potential hazards in the work environment increased after accompaniment. potential hazards in the process of making bamboo crafts. SMEs owners and artisans should consider potential risks in the workplace to form safe behavior at work.
Prenatal Psychosocial Profile: Validity and Reliability Study to Its Use in Turkey
Authors: GÜNAYDIN Sevil , ZENGİN Neriman 
Published: November 2021

Objective: This study was planned to test the statistical properties of the prenatal psychosocial profile assessment tool in Turkish sample and to examine its validity and reliability on healthy pregnant women.
Methods: This reliability and validity study was conducted in the gynecology and obstetrics outpatient clinic of a training and research hospital with 440 healthy pregnant women between March and June 2017.
Results: In the analysis performed for internal consistency in the Prenatal Psychosocial Profile (PPP) reliability study, Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient was found to be μ=.75 for the stress subscale, μ = .94 for the social support-partner subscale, μ = .96 for the social support-other people subscale, and μ= .80 for the self-esteem subscale. In the construct validity of the PPP-stress subscale, loads of all items except one item were found to be sufficient, and in the social support-partner, social support-other people, and self-esteem subscales, loads of all items were found to be sufficient.
Conclusion: The Prenatal Psychosocial Profile-Turkish Version is a valid and reliable assessment tool that can be used to determine the psychosocial profile of women during pregnancy.
Efficient Cross-Correlation Filtering of One- and Two-Color Single Molecule Localization Microscopy Data
Authors: Mancebo Angel , Mehra Dushyant , Banerjee Chiranjib , Kim Do-Hyung , Puchner Elias M. 
Published: November 2021

Single molecule localization microscopy has become a prominent technique to quantitatively study biological processes below the optical diffraction limit. By fitting the intensity profile of single sparsely activated fluorophores, which are often attached to a specific biomolecule within a cell, the locations of all imaged fluorophores are obtained with ∼20 nm resolution in the form of a coordinate table. While rendered super-resolution images reveal structural features of intracellular structures below the optical diffraction limit, the ability to further analyze the molecular coordinates presents opportunities to gain additional quantitative insights into the spatial distribution of a biomolecule of interest. For instance, pair-correlation or radial distribution functions are employed as a measure of clustering, and cross-correlation analysis reveals the colocalization of two biomolecules in two-color SMLM data. Here, we present an efficient filtering method for SMLM data sets based on pair- or cross-correlation to isolate localizations that are clustered or appear in proximity to a second set of localizations in two-color SMLM data. In this way, clustered or colocalized localizations can be separately rendered and analyzed to compare other molecular properties to the remaining localizations, such as their oligomeric state or mobility in live cell experiments. Current matrix-based cross-correlation analyses of large data sets quickly reach the limitations of computer memory due to the space complexity of constructing the distance matrices. Our approach leverages k-dimensional trees to efficiently perform range searches, which dramatically reduces memory needs and the time for the analysis. We demonstrate the versatile applications of this method with simulated data sets as well as examples of two-color SMLM data. The provided MATLAB code and its description can be integrated into existing localization analysis packages and provides a useful resource to analyze SMLM data with new detail.
Neuroprotection and Axonal Regeneration Induced by Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Depend on the Type of Transplant
Authors: Norte-Muñoz María , Lucas-Ruiz Fernando , Gallego-Ortega Alejandro , García-Bernal David , Valiente-Soriano Francisco J. , de la Villa Pedro , Vidal-Sanz Manuel , Agudo-Barriuso Marta 
Published: November 2021

Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy to treat neurodegenerative diseases has not been as successful as expected in some preclinical studies. Because preclinical research is so diverse, it is difficult to know whether the therapeutic outcome is due to the cell type, the type of transplant or the model of disease. Our aim here was to analyze the effect of the type of transplant on neuroprotection and axonal regeneration, so we tested MSCs from the same niche in the same model of neurodegeneration in the three transplantation settings: xenogeneic, syngeneic and allogeneic. For this, bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) isolated from healthy human volunteers or C57/BL6 mice were injected into the vitreous body of C57/BL6 mice (xenograft and syngraft) or BALB/c mice (allograft) right after optic nerve axotomy. As controls, vehicle matched groups were done. Retinal anatomy and function were analyzed in vivo by optical coherence tomography and electroretinogram, respectively. Survival of vision forming (Brn3a+) and non-vision forming (melanopsin+) retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) was assessed at 3, 5 and 90 days after the lesion. Regenerative axons were visualized by cholera toxin β anterograde transport. Our data show that grafted BM-MSCs did not integrate in the retina but formed a mesh on top of the ganglion cell layer. The xenotransplant caused retinal edema, detachment and folding, and a significant decrease of functionality compared to the murine transplants. RGC survival and axonal regeneration were significantly higher in the syngrafted retinas than in the other two groups or vehicle controls. Melanopsin+RGCs, but not Brn3a+RGCs, were also neuroprotected by the xenograft. In conclusion, the type of transplant has an impact on the therapeutic effect of BM-MSCs affecting not only neuronal survival but also the host tissue response. Our data indicate that syngrafts may be more beneficial than allografts and, interestingly, that the type of neuron that is rescued also plays a significant role in the successfulness of the cell therapy.
Migration of Excitation Energy in Furocoumarins
Authors: Tchaikovskaya O.N. , Dmitrieva N.G. , Bocharnikova E.N. , Chaidonova V.S. , Avramov P.V. 
Published: November 2021

The migration of excitation energy of a number of psoralen compounds has been studied. For this, the methods of induced absorption spectroscopy, stationary electron spectroscopy, fluorescence and phosphorescence, as well as quantum chemistry were used. A comparative photostability of psoralen was achieved by exposure to a XeCl excilamp irradiation (emission wavelength λem = 308 nm) with parameters Δλ = 5–10 nm, Wpeak = 18 mW/cm2, p = 8.1 J/cm3, f = 200 kHz, pulse duration 1 μs. It was found that the singlet-triplet transition played a major role in the migration of excitation energy into triplet states. Among all tested compounds, substances with an OCH3-group in the structure have the strongest effect on the spectral-luminescent characteristics.
Sesquiterpenes From Oplopanax elatus Stems and Their Anti-Photoaging Effects by Down-Regulating Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Expression via Anti-Inflammation
Authors: Yan Jiejing , Hao Mimi , Han Yu , Ruan Jingya , Zheng Dandan , Sun Fan , Cao Huina , Hao Jia , Zhang Yi , Wang Tao 
Published: November 2021

In the process of continuing to investigate ultraviolet b (UVB) irradiation protective constituents from Oplopanax elatus stems, nine new sesquiterpenes, named as eurylosesquiterpenosides A–D (1–4), eurylosesquiterpenols E–I (5–9), and ten known ones (10–19) were gained. Their structures were established by analysis of their NMR spectroscopic data, and electronic circular dichroism calculations were applied to define their absolute configurations. In addition, UVB induced HaCaT cells were used to study their anti-photoaging activities and mechanism. The results consolidated that compounds 7, 11, and 14 could improve the survival rate of HaCaT cells in concentration dependent manner at 10, 25, and 50 μM. Furthermore, western blot assay suggested that all of them could inhibit the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), and increase the level of type I collagen markedly. Compounds 11 and 14 could reduce the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38, respectively. Besides, compounds 7, 11, and 14 could significantly down-regulate the expression of inflammation related protein, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and cyclooxygenase-2, which indicated that they played anti-photoaging activities by reducing MMP-1 expression via down-regulating the production of inflammatory mediators and cytokines in UVB-induced HaCaT cells.
Multimodal Gestalts and Their Change Over Time: Is Routinization Also Grammaticalization?
Authors: Stukenbrock Anja 
Published: November 2021

Recently, the claim was put forward that grammar emerges from embodied conduct. This has led to a discussion in multimodal conversation analysis and interactional linguistics whether the routinization of embodied actions can be described in terms of grammar and grammaticalization. While particular items such as exophoric demonstratives and gestures are routinely delivered as multimodal constructions, i.e., as part of grammar, it is debatable whether this also holds for other candidates: e.g., loose couplings of verbal and embodied conduct, locally routinized, or ephemeral gestalts that do not endure beyond the context of their use. My paper contributes to this discussion by proposing a distinction between two kinds of multimodal gestalts: socially sedimented multimodal gestalts (multimodal constructions), and locally assembled, ephemeral multimodal gestalts. To this end, I examine sedimented couplings of demonstratives and embodied practices in instructions, and the change of a locally assembled format over time. The data are in German and come from 12 h of video-recordings of self-defense trainings for young women. In the course of the participants’ interactional history, the multimodal format of the participants’ actions changes. The changes concern formal and functional aspects of the resources used to accomplish those actions, their multimodal orchestration, and the temporality of their delivery. The paper makes four claims: 1. In their primordial use in co-present interaction, demonstratives are coupled with embodied practices and request addressees’ attention to the speaker’s body, i.e., they are tightly and intercorporeally coupled with the embodied conduct of the participants; 2. gesturally used demonstratives are socially sedimented multimodal gestalts, i.e., multimodal constructions; 3. multimodal gestalts may be subject to transformations in the course of multiple repetitions; 4. in my data, the transformations lead to the emergence of a new, reduced format, which, while being locally routinized, is neither grammatical nor grammaticalized.
An Object-Oriented Approach for the Recursive Numeration and Visualization of the Key Strata of Coal Mines
Authors: Xu Chun , Zhou Keping , Xiong Xin , Lu Yan 
Published: November 2021

The exploitation and utilization of coal resources have caused serious ecological and environmental problems that are closely related to the movement and destruction of the overlying strata, especially the activities of the overlying key strata (KS). The existing KS calculation methods are characterized by low efficiency and high costs. This study proposes an object-oriented improved recursive algorithm (OORA) model to achieve efficient calculations for KS. An application program was developed and tested with the KS of the Xiadian coal mine, Shanxi, China. The calculation results were basically consistent with field observations, and the calculation depth was increased by 146.05 m. In addition, five typical KS calculation cases were selected for in-depth testing. The calculation time ranged from 0.175–0.225 s, and the calculation time was shortened by approximately three times compared to that with traditional methods. Therefore, it is feasible to apply the model algorithm for KS calculations, and the model provides benefits such as high efficiency and low costs.
Profiling Tumor Immune Microenvironment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Using Multiplex Immunofluorescence
Authors: Peng Haoxin , Wu Xiangrong , Zhong Ran , Yu Tao , Cai Xiuyu , Liu Jun , Wen Yaokai , Ao Yiyuan , Chen Jiana , Li Yutian , He Miao , Li Caichen , Zheng Hongbo , Chen Yanhui , Pan Zhenkui , He Jianxing , Liang Wenhua 
Published: November 2021

This study attempted to profile the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by multiplex immunofluorescence of 681 NSCLC cases. The number, density, and proportion of 26 types of immune cells in tumor nest and tumor stroma were evaluated, revealing some close interactions particularly between intrastromal neutrophils and intratumoral regulatory T cells (Treg) (r2 = 0.439, P &lt; 0.001), intrastromal CD4+CD38+ T cells and CD20-positive B cells (r2 = 0.539, P &lt; 0.001), and intratumoral CD8-positive T cells and M2 macrophages expressing PD-L1 (r2 = 0.339, P &lt; 0.001). Three immune subtypes correlated with distinct immune characteristics were identified using the unsupervised consensus clustering approach. The immune-activated subtype had the longest disease-free survival (DFS) and demonstrated the highest infiltration of CD4-positive T cells, CD8-positive T cells, and CD20-positive B cells. The immune-defected subtype was rich in cancer stem cells and macrophages, and these patients had the worst prognosis. The immune-exempted subtype had the highest levels of neutrophils and Tregs. Intratumoral CD68-positive macrophages, M1 macrophages, and intrastromal CD4+ cells, CD4+FOXP3- cells, CD8+ cells, and PD-L1+ cells were further found to be the most robust prognostic biomarkers for DFS, which were used to construct and validate the immune-related risk score for risk stratification (high vs. median vs. low) and the prediction of 5-year DFS rates (23.2% vs. 37.9% vs. 43.1%, P &lt; 0.001). In conclusion, the intricate and intrinsic structure of TIME in NSCLC was demonstrated, showing potency in subtyping and prognostication.
Refractive Error and Eye Health: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses
Authors: Wang Yin-hao , Huang Chen , Tseng Yu-lin , Zhong Jing , Li Xue-min 
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To explore the associations between refractive errors and multiple eye health outcomes.Methods: This is an umbrella review based on systematic reviews with meta-analyses. In our study, refractive errors included myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia. We reconducted the meta-analyses whose primary data were available in sufficient detail by random effect model. Heterogeneity was assessed by I2. The main outcomes included myopic macular degeneration (MMD), retinal detachment (RD), cataract, open-angle glaucoma (OAG), strabismus, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy (DR).Results: Myopia was associated with increased risk of MMD (relative risk = 102.11, 95% CI 52.6–198.22), RD (3.45, 1.08–11.00), nuclear cataract (2.15, 1.53–3.03), posterior subcapsular (PSC) cataract (1.74, 1.41–2.15), OAG (1.95, 1.74–2.19), exotropia (5.23, 2.26–12.09), but decreased risk of DR (0.83, 0.66–1.04), and early AMD (0.80, 0.67–0.94). From mild-to-high myopia, the association strengthened for MMD, RD, nuclear cataract, PSC cataract, OAG, and DR. Hyperopia was associated with an increased risk of early AMD (1.09, 1.01–1.18) and esotropia (22.94, 10.20–51.62). Astigmatism and anisometropia were associated with increased risk of both exotropia and esotropia.Conclusions: Myopia, especially high myopia, demonstrated the highest risk for eye health outcomes, such as MMD, RD, OAG, nuclear and PSC cataracts, and exotropia. However, myopia was associated with a lower risk of early AMD and DR. Individuals with hyperopia are more likely to suffer early AMD and esotropia. Astigmatism and anisometropia predispose to strabismus. A lot of research studies on the mechanism of the associations are needed.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=239744; identifier: 239744