bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Birth weight and diazoxide unresponsiveness strongly predict the likelihood of congenital hyperinsulinism due to a mutation in ABCC8 or KCNJ11
Authors: Hewat Thomas I , Yau Daphne , Jerome Joseph C S , Laver Thomas W , Houghton Jayne A L , Shields Beverley M , Flanagan Sarah E , Patel Kashyap A 
Published: October 2021

Objective
Mutations in the KATP channel genes, ABCC8 and KCNJ11, are the most common cause of congenital hyperinsulinism. The diagnosis of KATP-hyperinsulinism is important for the clinical management of the condition. We aimed to determine the clinical features that help to identify KATP-hyperinsulinism at diagnosis.

Design
We studied 761 individuals with KATP-hyperinsulinism and 862 probands with hyperinsulinism of unknown aetiology diagnosed before 6 months of age. All were referred as part of routine clinical care.

Methods
We compared the clinical features of KATP-hyperinsulinism and unknown hyperinsulinism cases. We performed logistic regression and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis to identify the features that predict KATP-hyperinsulinism.

Results
Higher birth weight, diazoxide unresponsiveness and diagnosis in the first week of life were independently associated with KATP-hyperinsulinism (adjusted odds ratio: 4.5 (95% CI: 3.4–5.9), 0.09 (0.06–0.13) and 3.3 (2.0–5.0) respectively). Birth weight and diazoxide unresponsiveness were additive and highly discriminatory for identifying KATP-hyperinsulinism (ROC area under the curve for birth weight 0.80, diazoxide responsiveness 0.77, and together 0.88, 95% CI: 0.85–0.90). In this study, 86% born large for gestation and 78% born appropriate for gestation and who did not respond to diazoxide treatment had KATP-hyperinsulinism. In contrast, of those individuals born small for gestation, none who were diazoxide responsive and only 4% of those who were diazoxide unresponsive had KATP-hyperinsulinism.

Conclusions
Individuals with hyperinsulinism born appropriate or large for gestation and unresponsive to diazoxide treatment are most likely to have an ABCC8 or KCNJ11 mutation. These patients should be prioritised for genetic testing of KATP channel genes.
Animal consumption and social change: the vertebrates from Ditch 7 in the context of a diachronic approach to the faunal remains at Perdigões enclosure (3400-2000 BC)
Authors: ALMEIDA NELSON J. , VALERA ANTÓNIO CARLOS 
Published: October 2021

The results from the study of the faunal assemblage from ditch 7 of the Perdigões enclosure (Reguengos de Monsaraz, Portugal) are presented. Dated to the Chalcolithic and the transition to the early Bronze Age it comprises a total of 3380 remains. Results show the rele- vance of swine, caprines, cervids, bovines and equids and their diachronic oscillation. Indicators of butchering and consumption were recorded, comprising cutmarks, anthropogenic breakage, thermo-alterations and tooth marks, the latter mainly of a carnivore origin.
The spectra obtained were compared within the scope of the Perdigões chronology, from the late Middle Neolithic to the transition to the early Bronze Age (3400-2000 BC), thus representing a first approach to the diachronic behaviour of vertebrate consumption at the site. Domesticated species are prevalent but changes in the domesticated/wild ratio are evident with a wild input, mainly from red deer, of significance in the late Middle Neolithic and in the transition to the early Bronze Age, whereas the Late Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods have a growth in the domesticated component.
Efficiency of sea buckthorn extract in oxidative stability improvement of high oleic sunflower oil
Authors: Mardani M. , Somogyi L. , Szedljak I. , Prauda I. , Farmani J. , Badakné Kerti K. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) with high antioxidant capacity is distributed all over the world, but has never been used as a natural antioxidant in oils to replace synthetic antioxidants. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the effectiveness of sea buckthorn extract in comparison to a common natural antioxidant rosemary extract and a synthetic antioxidant on retarding lipid oxidation. First the extracts were characterised, and it was found that sea buckthorn extract had higher polyphenol contents, radical scavenging activity, and higher antioxidant capacity. Then the proper concentrations for the use of these antioxidants were determined. Additionally, the progress of lipid oxidation during cycles of frying was assessed in terms of free fatty acids content, peroxide value, p-anisidine value, TOTOX value, colour, total polar compounds, and Induction period. The general order of effectiveness for inhibition of high oleic sunflower oil degradation during frying was: sea buckthorn > BHT > rosemary > control (P <0.05).
Agyalapimirigy-apoplexia.
Authors: Sipos László , Szücs Nikolette , Várallyay Péter 
Published: October 2021

Összefoglaló. Az agyalapimirigy-apoplexia ritka klinikai kórkép,
mely hirtelen kialakult bevérzés vagy infarktus következményeként jelenik meg. A
hypophysisadenomás betegek 2–12%-ában fordul elő, a leggyakrabban funkcionálisan
inaktív daganatokban, de jelentkezhet gyógyszeresen kezelt adenomákban is.
Klinikai képe hirtelen kialakuló heves fejfájás, mely látászavarral vagy kettős
látással társulhat, de meningealis izgalmi jel, a tudati szint romlása is
előfordulhat. A bevérzés miatt kialakult kortikotropinhiány kezelés nélkül
mellékvese-elégtelenséghez vezet. A mágneses rezonancia a komputertomográfhoz
képest jobban kimutatja az adenoma bevérzését vagy akár infarktusát.
Retrospektív tanulmányok a korábbi, azonnali idegsebészeti beavatkozás helyett a
konzervatív kezelés létjogosultságát emelik ki. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(38):
1520–1525.
Summary. Pituitary apoplexy is a rare clinical syndrome secondary to
haemorrhage or infarction of pituitary adenoma. The prevalence is 2–12% of
pituitary adenoma patients especially in nonfunctioning tumours but may be found
in medically treated adenomas as well. Its clinical picture is sudden onset of
headache with visual disturbances and/or ocular palsy. Meningeal signs and
altered consciousness can occur. Corticotropin deficiency if untreated can lead
to adrenal insufficiency. Compared to computed tomography, magnetic resonance
imaging better demonstrates the haemorrhage or even infarction of pituitary
adenoma. Retrospective studies emphasize the wait-and-see management instead of
the formerly considered urgent neurosurgical intervention. Orv Hetil. 2021;
162(38): 1520–1525.
Fertőzésekhez kapcsolódó immunológiai jelenségek: a szürkezóna jelentősége
Authors: Zóka András , Kádár Béla , Vad Eszter 
Published: October 2021

Összefoglaló. A fertőzésekhez kapcsolódó immunológiai kórképekre
különösen jellemző, hogy mind etiológiai tényezőikben, mind klinikai képükben
rendkívül heterogének. Az átfedő és inkomplett megjelenési formák nem ritkák,
ami a diagnosztika standardizálását nehezíti. Egyes, a fertőzésekhez
opcionálisan kapcsolódó tünetek megfigyelése már több mint egy évszázaddal
ezelőtt elvezetett a gócelmélet megszületéséhez, amely eredeti formájában
leginkább elnagyolt és naiv feltételezéseken alapult. Folyamatosan bővülő
ismereteink ugyanakkor egyre több esetben támasztják alá, hogy az átvészelt,
esetleg krónikus vagy perzisztáló fertőzések, illetve a mikrobiom összetétele
számos ponton lehet befolyással immunológiai, metabolikus és endokrin
homeosztázisunkra. A jelen munkában az ismert összefüggéseket, illetve a
meghaladott feltételezéseket is röviden érintve megkíséreljük a rendelkezésre
álló ismereteken keresztül áttekinteni a fertőzésekhez kapcsolódó immunológiai
jelenségek szürkezónáját, azon kórtani folyamatokat és tüneteket, amelyek
létezése igazolható, de terápiás következményeik az egyén szintjén egyelőre
bizonytalanok. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(38): 1526–1532.
Summary. Immunologic phenomena related to infections are well known
to be truly heterogeneous, both regarding their etiology and the clinical
picture. Overlapping symptoms and incomplete presentations are not seldom, which
often constitute diagnostic challenge. Certain, optional complications of
infectious diseases led to the creation of the focal infection theory more than
a century ago, although only on the basis of assumptions derived from elusive
and naive theories. However, an expanding body of evidence ever since did
underline the impact of previous and persistent infections on the immunologic,
metabolic and endocrine homeostasis. Besides briefly touching the well-defined
diseases, as well as the outdated theories of this field, we aim to provide an
overview of the grey zone of infection-related immunologic phenomena, the
existence of which is biologically well established, however, their true
significance on an individual basis remains uncertain. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(38):
1526–1532.
Fájdalomtünetek és a fájdalomcsillapítás lehetőségei SARS-CoV-2-környezetben
Authors: Almási Róbert Gyula 
Published: October 2021

Összefoglaló. Az új koronavírusként megismert SARS-CoV-2-fertőzés
legsúlyosabb szövődményeként a gyulladásos folyamatok jelátvivő molekuláinak
elszabadulása – az ún. citokinvihar – kritikus légzési elégtelenséggel társuló
akut respirációs diszfunkciós szindrómát vagy többszervi gyulladásos szindrómát
okoz. Mostanáig igazolódott, hogy a fertőzések legnagyobb részben tünetmentesen
vagy enyhe tünetekkel zajlanak. A betegség minden szakaszában előfordulhat enyhe
vagy középsúlyos, ritkábban intenzív fájdalom, melyek enyhítésére számos
fájdalomcsillapítási lehetőség áll rendelkezésre. A pandémia kezdete óta
foglalkoznunk kell a tünetek enyhítésével, akár infektológiai osztályon, akár
műtéti ellátás alkalmával. A betegek hazaengedését követően figyelmet kell
fordítanunk az intenzív osztályos ellátás utáni és a COVID–19-et követő tünetek
és fájdalmak értékelésére. Időszerű átfogó összefoglalónkban hangsúlyozzuk a
különböző fájdalomcsillapítók szerepét a COVID–19-fertőzéssel összefüggő
fájdalommal járó folyamatokban. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(38): 1511–1519.
Summary. As the most severe consequence of the new coronavirus
SARS-CoV-2 infection, the cytokine storm – caused by the liberalization of
several inflammatory mediators – engenders critical respiratory dysfunction
syndrome or multisystem inflammatory syndrome. The most proportion of infections
has proven symptomless or with very mild signs of disease so far. Mild,
moderate, or rarely intense pain can occur in every phase of the disease, for
the treatment of which more than a few analgesic possibilities are readily
available. From the start of the pandemic, we have been concerning to ameliorate
the symptoms, in either the department of infectology, or operating suites. The
post-intensive care pain and post-COVID symptoms should be evaluated and treated
after discharge. In this timely and comprehensive article, the role and
importance of different analgesics are articulated regarding the
COVID-associated painful conditions. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(38): 1511–1519.
Comparative evaluation of polymethylmethacrylate and composite bone cements. Review of the experimental studies results
Authors: Vyrva Oleg , Goncharuk Olexii , Lysenko Natalia 
Published: October 2021

Current article is a review of experimental studies of different bone cements types and their combinations. Providing of bone fragments stable fixation at osteosynthesis in cases of difficult multifragmental fractures, arthroplasties and other implants using especially in the osteoporosis conditions is a main task of orthopaedic surgery procedures. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is the first material that is answered to these requirements. The evolution of bone cements resulted in creation of a new composite substance — combination of PMMA and β-threecalciumphosfates (β-TCPh). Combination of these two components allowed to provide high bioabsorbal, osteoconductive and osteointegrative properties along with sufficient durability. In the analyzed works the properties of composite cement CalCemex were evaluated in vivo experiment. It was found that in the case of PMMA penetration of bone tissue into the polymer structure did not occur. Under the conditions of using bone cement with β-TCF admixture, the formation of bone tissue was observed not only on the surface of the implant, but also in the external and internal pores. It is the presence of pores in CalCemex that the authors explain the possibility of penetration of cellular elements, blood vessels and bone formation. Moreover, β-TCPh is included into this material and it is bioresorbed by osteoclasts. This leads to the release of calcium and phosphorus ions and, consequently, simplifies the attachment of the newly formed bone to the bone cement. We assume that composite cement like CalCemex type is a promising material for the treatment of various types of fractures and replacement of bone defects. It should be mentioned that research in this area is ongoing and intensive work is underway to synthesize and study the results of clinical application of composite bone cements with maximum bioactive properties that will not only strengthen bone tissue but also perform osteointegrative function. Key words. Bone cement, polymethylmethacrylate, β-threecalciumphosfates, experiment.
Way intramural recanalisation at tubal infertility at the women
Authors: Мгеладзе B. N. , Tatarova N. A. , Susloparov L. A. 
Published: October 2021

Original method of operation recanalisation intramural of a parts fallopian tube, distinguished from used earlier by saving full lengths of a tube, its maximum bloodsupply and innervation, and also natural channel in it intramural a department is offered.
Outcomes 20 operations are represented. The efficiency of operations on a level of origin pregnancy at a rational selection ill reaches 70 %.
Zing thing about zinc: A mini review
Authors: Silvia CR Wilma Delphine , Rashmi R N  , Venkatesha  
Published: October 2021

Zinc is a micromineral present in the body tissues and fluids. Zinc is absorbed from the duodenum and stored in the form of metallothionine in the liver and excreted through sweat. Zinc plays a vital role in protein biosynthesis, gene expression; it also acts as an antioxidant and is used in the growth of the fungus. Due to the deficiency of zinc, a patient will be suffering from poor wound healing, lesions of skin, impaired spermatogenesis, hyperkeratosis, dermatitis and alopecia.An unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic caused by a novel corona virus called SARS-CoV-2, produces severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Zinc is used to treat COVID 19 because it improves the immunity. As the COVID patients are susceptible to zinc deficiency, they are prescribed with zinc supplements. Intake of zinc more than1000mg/day causes Zinc toxicity. Fungus utilises zinc for its growth. Mucormycosis caused by fungus Rhizopus species seen in most of the post COVID patients. Since, Zinc has assumed importance in this COVID 19 pandemic, this review article unfathoms the explicit roles of Zinc in humans.
Study of serum malondialdehyde and uric acid levels in patients with malaria
Authors: Nerurkar Alka V , Prabhu Shalaka S , Patharkar Sachin A , Patil Neelam J , Sanap Jalinder B , Shinde Kalpana U , Dalvi Rupa R 
Published: October 2021

Malaria is parasitic disease of humans caused by parasitic protozoan and genus plasmodium, widely present in tropical region. In the blood, the parasite travel to the liver to mature and reproduce. Oxidative stress is generated through the invasion of malarial parasites in human system. Malondialdehyde is a highly reactive compound is assayed in vivo as a biomarker of oxidative stress. Uric acid contributes to the pathology of human malaria by stimulating the production of cytokines from immune system. To estimate serum MDA & serum uric acid levels in patients with malarial infection and compare same with healthy individuals. This is a cross-sectional observational study, cases and controls were selected using random sampling method, attending hospital OPD. Study includes 50 laboratory diagnosed cases of malaria patients with equal age and sex matched controls. MDA was estimated using MDA - thiobarbituric acid method, uric acid was estimated by phosphotungstic acid method. Standardization of both the methods was carried out prior to experiment. There is generalized increase in serum MDA and uric acid levels in cases as compared to the control group.Shalaka S Prabhu, Dr. Sachin A Patharkar, Dr. Neelam J Patil, Jalinder B Sanap, Kalpana U Shinde, Rupa R Dalvi.
Analysis of tumor protein p53 (p53) mutations in eyelid malignancy
Authors: Maurya Rajendra Prakash , Kumar Bosak Sanjay , Singh Royana , Singh Virendra Pratap , Singh Samer , Lundmark Per O , Singh Shivangi , Kumar Anil , Srivastav Tanmay 
Published: October 2021

The tumor protein p53 (or p53) gene plays a major role in the maintenance of normal cell growth and differentiation. Alteration in p53 gene is responsible for carcinogenesis. In this study, we evaluated the frequency of p53 mutation and clinicopathological findings in various eyelid malignancies. We reviewed a cohort of 20 patients with various eyelid malignancies over one year. The expression of p53protein was analyzed by amplifying the exons 5-9 of p53 gene by conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) followed by sequencing to identify mutations. The commonest eyelid malignancies was sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC;50%) followed by basal cell carcinoma (BCC;45%) and squamous cell carcinoma(SCC; 5%). Study population/patients were mostly elderly (60 %, &#62; 50 years of age) and female (75%). A total of 14 mutations were identified in the p53 genes in 9/20 (45%) patients at different intron or exon. Amongst them 6 patients (66.7%) had SGC and 3 (33.3%) had BCC. Out of the total 14 mutations identified, 8 intronic variation and 6 exonic mutations were identified. Out of 6 exonic variations, 5 caused frame shift mutations due to insertion or deletion of bases and one case was of substitution mutation (D281Y).Sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC) was found to be most prevalent eyelid cancer in the present study and it most frequent displayed mutation inthe p53 genes among the all eyelid tumors investigated.
Efficacy of topical Interferon Alfa- 2b used as an adjunct in the management of primary OSSN
Authors: Kaur Gursimran , Pandey Prasoon , Shukla Nirpal , Shukla Ram , Kaur Jasjit 
Published: October 2021

To assess the efficacy of topical interferon alfa-2b as an adjunct therapy in the management of primary ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN).: Clinically visible OSSN on slit lamp examination in 21 patients (21 tumors) was managed with topical interferon alfa-2b, 1 million IU/mL, 4times daily for a period of one month, before subjecting the patients to definitive surgery. The patients were periodically observed, over a period of 6 months. Tumor control and complications were evaluated according to American Joint Committee on Cancer classification. A significant reduction in size, was noted in smaller tumors. Final diagnosis and staging was done after histopathological examination of the surgically excised tumour, which had been excised with a 4mm margin. Bigger extensive lesion did not show appreciable response in terms of appearance or reduction of size. Tumor size was found to be reduced significantly in 19 out of 21 tumors (%) following topical interferon alfa-2b treatment for a period of 1 month, from the presentation. Of the 19 tumors, tumor surface area was reduced 44% (median). Two patients (8.3%) did not respond to the treatment.Based on American Joint Committee on Cancer classification, significant reduction was achieved in 2 of 3 Tis (67%), 17 of 20 T3 (85%), 19 of 23 N0 (83%), and 19 of 23 M0 (83%) category tumors. According to American Joint Committee on Cancer classification, significant reduction with topical interferon alfa-2b can be achieved in 67% of Tis, 85% of T3, and 83% of all OSSN.
Evaluation of outcome of primary pterygium excision combined with different techniques
Authors: V Raksha , BH Manjunath 
Published: October 2021

To compare different techniques combined with excision in treatment of primary pterygium: Amniotic membrane transplant [AMG], Limbal-conjunctival autograft [CLAG], and mitomycin c with limbal-conjunctival autograft.[MMC+CLAG]: A prospective comparative study was performed in tertiary hospital on 105 patients satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Combined with excision, 35 eyes each were treated with AMG transplantation [Group 1] and CLAG [Group 2] for closure of defect. In 35 eyes low-dose mitomycin -C [0.02%] was applied on bare sclera for 1 minute and a CLAG was applied thereafter [Group 3]. Patients were followed up for 9 months.Study was conducted from June 2018 to April 2020 on patients of age 26 to 72 years with mean age of 46.3 ± 10 years with 42[40%] male and 63[60%] female. A statistically significant change [ paired t test, p&#60;0.001] was noted in K-horizontal value pre- and post- pterygium surgery. Change in K-vertical pre- and post- surgery was not statistically significant [paired t test, p&#60;0.58]. Pterygium recurred in 3 patients [8.6%] in group 1, 1 patient [2.9%] each in group 2 and 3. Other postoperative complications include graft displacement [5.7%], graft oedema [6.7%] and congestion [9.5%]. A minor case of scleral melting was noted in one patient [2.9%] in group 3. Pterygium excision followed by CLAG and MMC+CLAG are an effective way of reducing recurrence. However close monitoring is required for use of adjuvant MMC.AMG can be reserved in patients with bilateral pterygium, severe limbal stem cell loss and in need of glaucoma surgery.
Etiology, management of ptosis in working age group and its surgical outcome – A prospective study
Authors: A Anuradha , Malarvizhi R , K Nikkitha , Karthik Niranjan 
Published: October 2021

To study the etiology of ptosis among 20 - 50 years of age and analyse the management and surgical outcomes of various types of ptosis using different surgical modalities. This prospective study was conducted at Tertiary Eye Care centre in Chennai from July 2018 - June 2019.It included all patients with ptosis between the age of 20 - 50 years after excluding vascular malformations and malignant tumours of the lid. Here all variables are described with frequency distribution and displayed using percentage. Incidence of congenital ptosis was 11 cases (37%), aponeurotic ptosis 8 cases (26%), myogenic ptosis 4 cases (13%), neurogenic ptosis 3 cases (10%), mechanical ptosis. 2 cases (7%), post traumatic ptosis 2 cases (7%). 70% were males and the remaining 30% were females. Among 30 cases, 23 patients had unilateral and 7 patients had bilateral ptosis. Moderate ptosis (3-4mm) (46.7%) formed a major composition of our study shortly followed by severe ptosis (43.3%). Out of 30 cases, 9 cases were managed medically (30%) and surgical intervention was required in 21 cases (70%). Out of 7 bilateral ptosis, 2 cases were managed medically and 5 cases needed surgical intervention. Complications following frontalis sling were under correction (27.3%) in 3 cases followed by mild corneal exposure keratitis (9.1%) in one patient. Complications following levator advancement were under correction in one case (12.5%) and mild lid peaking in one case (12.5%). Among 2 cases of mechanical ptosis, one was squamous papilloma and other was a large chalazion. Out of 4 myogenic cases 3 cases were due to myasthenia and the other diagnosed to have CPEO. 2 cases of traumatic ptosis were due to traumatic 3rd nerve palsy and traumatic levator dehiscence. The most common acquired ptosis was aponeurotic followed by myogenic, neurogenic, traumatic and mechanical ptosis. Frontalis sling surgery is the most common surgery done for congenital ptosis. Use of polypropylene as a suspensory material gives a good functional outcome. Aponeurotic advancement surgery is the most common surgery performed for acquired ptosis.