bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strengthening of concrete square column using FRP composites
Authors: Manoj Aiswarya , Sathyan Dhanya 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Strength and energy absorption capacity are the important parameter for axially loaded column. This paper investigates the strength of unconfined square concrete column and externally confined square column with fiber-reinforced (FRP) composites with synthetic carbon fiber and natural banana fiber. This type of strengthening of column is widely accepted in practice. Axial strength test is performed on confined square column with different parameters such as number of layers of FRP materials, wrapping patters like full wrapping, center wrapping and hybrid pattern. Both natural and synthetic fibers are used for FRP-confined square concrete column. It was found that external confinement using FRP material improved the axial-load carrying capacity, load-deformation and ductility of the square column compared to the unconfined square column.
Estimation of Temporal R-factor Based on Monthly Precipitation Data
Authors: Maurya Narendra Kumar , Tanwar Prakash Singh 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study assesses temporal variation in rainfall erosivity of Gurushikhar, Rajasthan, (India) on a monthly precipitation basis in the form of the USLE/RUSLE R-factor. The objective of the paper is to theoretically calculate rainfall erosivity when the unavailability of high temporal resolution pluviographic rainfall data such as Indian condition. In the study, the rainfall erosivity has been calculated using the Modified Fourier Index. The results show that the annual rainfall erosivity factor (R) value highest in the year 2017 and lowest in 1974. Conferring to an examination through NASA, earth’s global superficial temperatures in 2017 ranked as second warmest since 1880. Therefore, the rainfall amount was more in 2017 compared to past years, and also rainfall erosivity value suddenly increased in 2017, achieved the highest value. They concluded that the heavy precipitation events in the year are lead to an increase in rainfall erosivity value and risk of soil erosion.
Estimation of stress and strain of knee joint using finite element analysis
Authors: Chandran Aadarsh S , Trivedi Reena , Modi Bharat , Patel Rajesh 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the present paper, finite element analysis of the knee joint is performed for stress and strain estimation of the knee joint for osteoarthritis patients. Osteoarthritis (OA), called the wear and tear arthritis is commonly occurring arthritis wherein a gradual loss of cartilage from the joints are observed. This leads to the joint bones rubbing quite close against one another with less amount of shock-absorbing done by the cartilage causing pain, stiffness, swelling, decreased movability and bone spur formation can be observed. It is mostly observed in patients above 45 years old, but weight and gender are also some of the factors forcing a quick onset of the disease. Using modelling software Blender, a solid model is made of the bone component, namely tibia, fibula, femur and patella as well as Ligaments and cartilages. Using finite element simulation software, analysis is done to determine the level of stress under various forces on the joint. The knee joint experiences a maximum stress and strain of 2.352 MPa and 0.02454 respectively which are within safe static condition. The study can be further extended to predict the danger of failure for the patients having osteoarthritis conditions which in turn will help to take a preventive measure for the knee joint.
An experimental study on the effect of various stack materials on thermoacoustic refrigeration effect
Authors: Roy Debojit , Ghosh Sandip 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Thermoacoustic Refrigeration is a phenomenon in which cooling takes place by using high-intensity sound waves, which is gathering attention of many researchers in recent days. This alternative environment friendly technology could play an important role in near future. The paper is mainly an experimental case study on a thermoacoustic refrigeration system build in a laboratory environment with the commonly available materials. The setup was tested for various frequencies of sound to observe its effect on the drop of temperature. The refrigeration effect was also studied for various stack materials. It was observed that sinusoidal waves are better responsive to the production of the refrigeration effect. Moreover, the effect is more pronounced for paper-foil made stack.
Thermal Modelling for Laser Machining of SS316 L, Inconel 718 and Ti6Al4V
Authors: Dongre Ganesh , Rajurkar Avadhoot , Haria Akash , Kulkarni Abhilash , Raut Ravi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLaser beam machining is a complex thermal process of material removal. In this process, thermal energy is used to vaporize and remove the material from a particular area. Hence a comprehensive study is needed to completely understand the process which can be achieved by a simulation model and its validation through experimentation. In this paper this was achieved with an experimental study to see the relation between the Laser power and the material removal rate (MRR) of SS 316 L, Inconel 718 and Ti6Al4V during the process of Laser Machining. Also a 3D transient model of a moving Gaussian heat source was developed in ANSYS 18.2 to predict the MRR for different values of laser power. Mesh sensitivity analysis was done prior to the usage of the model so as to choose the perfect mesh size which can give the best results possible. After validation of the model, a close correlation was found between the experimental data and the simulation results. In the simulation model it was also observed that the temperature is maximum at the point of contact of the laser and is comparatively very high for a fraction of second.
Martensitic transformation behavior and structural characteristics of annealed Ni-Mn-Sn-Fe-In Heusler alloy
Authors: Nambiar Sandeep S. , Murthy B.R.N. , Sathyashankara Sharma , Prasanna A. A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Ni-Mn based heusler alloy with Ni50-xFexMn30Sn20-yIny where 1<=x<=4; 2<=y<=8 are studied for their structural as well as mechanical characteristics using various testing facility such as field emission scanning electron microscope, energy dispersion spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry and Vickers hardness equipment. From the general understanding the materials are to display a transformation of austenite-martensite. The materials are seen to be showing this transformation in and around near room temperature. The optical and FESEM imaging of the specimen show that during annealing heating to high temperature to longer time, the diffusion kinetics are activated at faster rate so that the dendritically structure is annihilated to develop well distributed grain structure. The coarser dendrites seems to be broken and fine grain, well dispersed phases are formed. X-ray diffraction confirms the peak split and martensitic transformation in the system of alloys. DSC results confirm the martensitic transformation around room temperature.
Studies on Pyrolysis Oil derived from waste Tires as Fuel for Diesel Engine
Authors: Kapilan N. , Ashok Kumar K. , Hari Chandra B.P. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In recent years, the number of automotive vehicles are increasing as these vehicles are becoming essential in developed and developing countries; which results in increase in waste tires. In most of the developing and under developed countries, the waste tires are not scientifically disposed and pollutes the environment. The synthetic rubber present in the tire is not biodegradable. Hence a research work is carried out to convert the waste tires and tubes into fuel using the process of pyrolysis. The tire pyrolysis oil (TPO) properties were compared with fossil diesel and it was observed that the properties of tire pyrolysis oil and diesel are closer. In the diesel engine the tire pyrolysis oil was used as partial substitute for the diesel and engine tests were performed by varying the engine loads. The results of the engine tests show that the tire pyrolysis oil can be effectively used as partial substitute in diesel engine with no need of making modifications in the engine’s fuel injection system. This paper discusses the waste tire statistics, conversion of tire into tire pyrolysis oil and engine studies with tire pyrolysis oil.
Evaluation of the mechanical characteristics of hygrothermally aged 2-D basalt-aramid/epoxy hybrid interply composites
Authors: Pai Yogeesha , Pai K Dayananda , Vijaya Kini M 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPolymer composites used in outdoor applications are exposed to environmental factors such as temperature and moisture which may affect the mechanical performance of the composites. In this study, the influence of moisture absorption on the mechanical properties of basalt-aramid/epoxy hybrid interply composites were evaluated. Two different types hybrid interply composites were taken for the investigation namely (301A/03B/301A) and (451A/03B/451A). Composites were prepared using compression molding process and cut specimens were subjected to three different ageing environments for 180 days. Selected ageing conditions are, (i) ambient temperature ageing (ii) Sub-zero temperature ageing (−10°C) and (iii) Humid temperature ageing (40°C and 60% Relative humidity). Mechanical tests of the aged composites were carried out to analyse the behaviour of the composites. Moisture uptake of the specimens follow Fick’s law of diffusion with saturation absorption of 5.44%, 3.12% and 1.80% for ambient, sub-zero and humid specimens respectively. Results revealed that (301a/03B/301a) aged composites possess higher mechanical properties compared to (451a/03B/451a) aged composites. Highest reduction in properties were observed in ambient aged specimens followed by humid and sub-zero specimens. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to observe the damage modes of the fractured specimens. Matrix deterioration, micro cracks and fibre fracture were the major types of failures observed in aged laminates.
Design and Analysis of AC14 Ship Anchor
Authors: Kandregula Ramu , Hemanth B , Harikishan A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A Ship’s anchor makes a ship to be at a fixed location against currents and winds when ship is in rest position. Purpose of anchor is to restrict the drifting of ship, which is occurs due to the currents. Even though there are many different types of anchor, present paper intended to do design and analysis on stockless anchor AC14 type. Project aims to determine the equivalent von-mises stress and maximum deformation in anchor when subjected to proof test. Proof test load is decided based on the mass of the anchor. (Reference is taken for the relationship of proof test load and mass of the anchor. Solid modeling of Stockless ship anchor model is carried out on NX 11.0 and modal analysis of ship anchor is carried out using ANSYS 16.0
Effect of the parameters in electromagnetic field assisted electric discharge machining
Authors: Raut S V , Bongale A , Kumar S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The electric discharge machining is a non-conventional machining process, in which the spark is electric spark is generate in gap between the work piece and electrode. Due to heat generated by spark in between the workpiece and electrode, the material get vaporized from small area form workpiece and get cool down with the help of dielectric fluid. In present study low carbon mold steel use as a work piece and copper electrode is used. The electromagnetic field included in the process to analyze the effect of the input parameters on the machine response parameters like MRR and the surface roughness value (Ra). The study is done on EDM process with and without EMF by varying the input parameters Ton (μs) and keeping the other parameters constant (Toff (μs), Current (A) & Voltage (V)). The set of the neodymium magnets are used in the set up having 4500 gauss units. The circular plate is designed to hold the neodymium magnets nearer to the work piece using CATIA V5 version. 3D printer is used to fabricate the circular plate that holds the electromagnets precisely near to the area under spark to have a maximum effect of EMF in the EDM process. The experimentations shows that response parameter shows good output at pulse on time of 200 ms and 300 ms with and without EMF respectively.
A Review on Lightweight Metal Component Forming and its Application
Authors: Madhusudhana H K , Gaitonde V N , Satish Jangali G 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The present research focused on reviewing forming technology and inspired various method forming processes for different lightweight materials. Nowadays, to improve modern automobiles’ fuel economy while preserving safety and efficiency, advanced materials are essential. Since accelerating a lighter object requires less energy than a heavier one, lightweight materials offer great potential to improve vehicle performance. Innovative forming technologies are discussed concerning each approach and their contribution to lightweight material application. New metal forming methods are implemented to fulfill lightweight material applications in various fields.
Amplitude modulator of Multi-walled Carbon nanotubes/Chitin in the C-band region
Authors: Muhamad Apandi N H , Ahmad H , Ibrahim M H , Ahmad F 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In ultrafast all-optical signal processing, the all-optical method is crucial, and all-fiber technique offers a wide range of applications in optical communications. This study investigated the amplitude modulation using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) embedded into chitin as saturable absorber (SA). The MWCNTs-chitin SA is fabricate using a liquid phase exfoliation method to reduce complexity and produce an excellent material quality. In this paper, an optical amplitude modulator produced a linear region with a regression line of the peak intensity at pump power range from 17.92 mW to 67.92 mW with modulation efficiency of 0.50 dB/mW.
Generation of stable penta-wavelength ytterbium doped fiber laser by spatial-mode beating in 1-µm waveband
Authors: Mat Salim M A , Ismail M A , Azzuhri Saaidal R , Razak M Z A , Bakhtiar H , Bidin N. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Penta-wavelength ytterbium doped-fiber laser had been successfully generated by usingspatial mode beating method at room temperature. A G652D premium fiber patch cable was inserted inside the polarization controller (PC) and connected to an ytterbium-doped fiber ring cavity. By increasing the pump power, stable multi-wavelength with side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) from 25 dB to 40 dB were obtained from dual-wavelength and up to penta-wavelengths respectively. The uniform wavelength interval spacing was 0.67 nm whereas peak power fluctuation and wavelength shifts were 0.6 dBm and 0.01 nm, respectively for all sets of multi-wavelength. These simple, easy and reliable system offer a stable multi-wavelength generation in a 1-micrometer waveband.
Generation of stable mode-locked fiber laser based MWCNTs in 1.5-µm waveband
Authors: Mat Salim M A , Ismail M A , Razak M Z A , Azzuhri Saaidal R. , Bakhtiar H , Bidin N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Pulses fiber laser had been successfully generated by using multi-wall carbon nanotubes thin film saturable absorber at room temperature. The saturable absorber is incorporated into a ring laser cavity. A stable Kelly sidebands mode-locked pulse spectrum with 1561.3 nm wavelength at the pump power of 86.8 mW. The repetition rate and pulse width of 12.3 MHz and 0.51 picosecond, respectively. A stable operation is observed for an hour at room temperature. These simple and reliable system features offer interesting research study especially in mode-locked pulse generation at 1.5 μm waveband.
Overview of surface plasmon resonance optical sensors for Covid-19 (SARS-CoV-2) detection
Authors: Zain H A , Batumalay M , Harun S W 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 i.e., the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus; has caused massive loss of life. Mitigating this pandemic requires rapid inexpensive technologies for testing COVID-19. Optical sensors can be used to detect the Covid-19 virus by the surface Plasmon resonance phenomenon. Surface plasmon resonance sensors have good sensitivity, response times, fine resolution, and limits of detection. This paper, provides a brief overview on the COVID-19 effects, currently used testing technology, and potential of surface plasmon resonance optical sensors use for detecting this virus.
The generation of nanosecond pulses at C-band region with titanium dioxide as a saturable absorber
Authors: Ahmed N , Omar S , Zulkipli NF , Jusoh Z , Rahman HA , Musa B , Harun SW 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A passive mode-locked in an erbium-doped fiber laser with titanium dioxide (TiO2) film as a saturable absorber (SA) has been successfully demonstrated. The film is fabricated using a liquid phase exfoliation, which offers a simple and low-cost method. The self-starting mode-locked was created by inserting a 200-meter-long single-mode fiber into the laser cavity to balance the nonlinearity and dispersion of the cavity. The pulses operate stably at a central wavelength of 1560 nm. The pulse repetition rate was almost fixed at 988 kHz at a tuneable pump power from 145.83 mW to 187.04 mW. The repetition rate shows excellent stability with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 69 dB whilst the pulse width was virtually constant at 230 ns. The maximum output power was measured at 2.17 mW, eliciting maximum pulse energy of 2.19 nJ. This experiment demonstrates that stable mode-locked pulsed can be generated using TiO2-SA.
Hafnium Bismuth Erbium Co-Doped Fiber Based Dark Pulses Generation With Black Phosphorus As Saturable Absorber
Authors: Ahmad A , Rahman M F A , Johari M A M , Latiff A A , Jali M H , Yusof H H M , Cheng X S , Muhammad A R , Harun S W 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A dark pulse generation is demonstrated in a fiber laser configured with a 20 cm long HBEDF and multilayer Black Phosphorus as a gain medium and saturable absorber, respectively. Dark pulses fiber laser at 1.5 µm region was obtained when the pump power exceeds the threshold of 147 mW. Meanwhile, the spectrum of the dark pulse is centred at 1556.40 nm, with the 3 dB bandwidth of 0.12 nm and the separation between adjacent pulses is 1145 ns, corresponding to the cavity length of 211 m. The pulse width was measured to be around 320 ns. The radio-frequency spectrum of the dark pulse, which was measured within the 20 MHz range. More than 17 harmonics were observed within this range, which indicates the mode-locking operation of the laser. The fundamental frequency was obtained at 1.1 MHz, which agreed with the oscilloscope trace. Furthermore, it shows a signal to noise ratio of about 36.58 dB, which indicates good stability. The maximum output power of 0.78 mW and pulse energy of 0.78 nJ were obtained at 187 mW pump power.
Whispering gallery mode resonance excitations on a partially gold coated bottle microresonator
Authors: Mohd Nasir Mohd Narizee , Murugan G S , Zervas M N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The study on the excitations of whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonances optical bottle microresonator (BMR) partially coated with a thin gold Au metal film is presented. The BMR was fabricated through “soften-and-compress” technique on a small section of standard optical fibre. Depositing Au particles on the spheroidal curvature of the BMR surface yields a thin metal-film of a meniscus profile with 200 nm maximum gold thickness and tapered edges. A polarization resolved experimental setup was used to excite TE- and TM-mode resonances. Coupling strengths of the excited WGMs would vary with different coupling arrangements relative to the position of the meniscus Au film. Calculated Q-factor values of composite TE and TM mode resonances were determined to be in the range 1800 and 2700, respectively.
Research on High-power Transmission Technology of Satellite Borne RF Connector
Authors: Li Xiang , Peng Qinghua , Xie Qian , Zhao Min , Cai Libing , Tong Lijun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The reliability of the communication link shall be affected severely due to failure modes such as multipactor, low pressure discharge, and thermal damage that are commonly found in the RF connector when it performs high-power microwave signal transmission in the vacuum environment of outer space. This paper proposes supporting measures in respect of design against multipactor, low pressure discharge and thermal damage after analyzing mechanisms of failure modes of the RF connectors when it transmits high-power microwave signals in a vacuum environment. Upon tests, these proposed measures can effectively guarantee the reliability of the RF coaxial connector transmitting high-power signals in vacuum.
Design of QAM-OFDM Radar-Communication Integrated Signal Based on Golay Complementary sequences
Authors: Ye Ming Kun , Zhu Qin , Dai Peng Cheng , Tang Jun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The integration of radar and communication is conducive to improving the utilization rate of hardware resources and spectrum. To address the issue that the communication information in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) integrated signal for radar and communication affects detection performance, an OFDM integrated signal for radar and communication based on precoding was proposed. The communication information of the integrated signal was pre-coded by using the Gray Complementary Sequences (GCS) with better correlation performance to improve the performance of the ambiguity function of the integrated signal and its detection ability. Simulation results show that GCS have better correlation performance compared to M and Gold sequences, and the OFDM integrated signal pre-coded by GCS has lower Peak Sidelobes Ratio (PSLR) and comparable radar performance to LFM.
Research and application of bolt defects detection technology based on machine learning
Authors: Yao Zhidong , Lu Jiaqi , Liu Yesen , Wang Gang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
With the development of computer technology, the technology based on computer machine learning plays an important role in various fields. Using drones for collecting image data and using machine learning to analyze the collected image data have become the current general method of intelligent detection technology. As the main machine learning method, deep learning is commonly used in image analysis, but it requires many high-quality training samples and high-performance embedded system. In the engineering quality and safety detection with few training samples, the detection effect of this method is not satisfactory. To solve this problem, computer vision and machine learning technology are introduced into image analysis of bolt, based on the analysis and mining of historical image samples, the recognition and judgment of new collected images can be realized by matching the newly collected image samples and historical samples. Taking the bolt on a steel structure bridge as an example, this method is used to recognize the bolt appearance image collected by UAV. The results show that the method can effectively identify the appearance state of bolts, with fast calculation speed and high recognition accuracy.
Research on Command Generation Strategy of Roll and pitch seeker
Authors: Lin Fan , Shen Xinjie 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The roll pitch seeker has a large field of view, which can achieve large off-axis angle attacks. At the same time, it has a simple structure and is easy to miniaturize, which is beneficial to the overall design of the missile. However, the over-tracking problem of the rolling seeker restricts her application in engineering. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a method to calculate the roll frame angle by using the angular rate of the projectile line of sight when the pitch frame angle is small. The simulation results show that this method is effective in the overhead tracking control.