bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potato Root-Associated Microbiomes Adapt to Combined Water and Nutrient Limitation and have a Plant Genotype-Specific Role for Plant Stress Mitigation
Authors: Faist Hanna , Trognitz Friederike , Antonielli Livio , Symanczik Sarah , White Philip , Sessitsch Angela 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Due to climate change and reduced use of fertilizers combined stress scenarios are becoming increasingly frequent in crop production. In a field experiment we tested the effect of combined water and phosphorus limitation on the growth performance and plant traits of eight tetraploid and two diploid potato varieties as well as on root-associated microbiome diversity and functional potential. Microbiome and metagenome analysis targeted the diversity and potential functions of prokaryotes, fungi, plasmids and bacteriophages and was linked to plant traits like tuber yield or timing of canopy closure.
Results

The different potato genotypes responded differently to the combined stress and hosted distinct microbiota in the rhizosphere and the root endosphere. Proximity to the root, stress and potato genotype had significant effects on bacteria, whereas fungi were only mildly affected. To address the involvement of microbial functions, we investigated well and poorly performing potato genotypes (Stirling and Desirée, respectively) under stress conditions and executed a metagenome analysis of rhizosphere microbiomes subjected to stress and no stress conditions. Functions like ROS detoxification, aromatic amino acid and terpene metabolism were enriched and in synchrony with the metabolism of stressed plants. In Desirée, Pseudonocardiales had the genetic potential to take up assimilates produced in the fast-growing canopy and to reduce plant stress-sensing by degrading ethylene but overall yield losses were high. In Stirling, Xanthomonadales had the genetic potential to reduce oxidative stress and to produce biofilms, potentially around roots. Biofilm formation could be involved in drought resilience of Stirling and explain the recorded low yield losses. In the stressed rhizosphere the relative abundance of plasmids was reduced and the diversity of phages was enriched. Moreover, mobile elements like plasmids and phages were affected by combined stresses in a genotype-specific manner.
Conclusion

Our study gives new insights into the interconnectedness of root-associated microbiota and plant stress responses in the field. Functional genes in the metagenome, phylogenetic composition and mobile elements play a role in potato-stress adaption. In a poor and a well performing potato genotype grown under stressed conditions, distinct functional genes pinpoint to a distinct stress sensing, water availability and compounds in the rhizospheres.
A New Nanomagnetic Pd-Co Bimetallic Alloy as Catalyst in the Mizoroki-Heck and Buchwald–Hartwig Amination Reactions in Aqueous Media
Authors: Sobhani Sara , Zarei Hamed , Sansano José Miguel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A Pd-Co bimetallic alloy encapsulated in melamine-based dendrimer supported on magnetic nanoparticles denoted as γ-Fe2O3@MBD/Pd-Co was synthesized by a facile co-complexation-reduction method and characterized sufficiently. The catalytic evaluation of γ-Fe2O3@MBD/Pd-Co showed promising results in the Mizoroki-Heck and Buchwald-Hartwig amination reactions of various iodo-, bromo- and challenging chloroarenes in aqueous media. The synergetic cooperative effect of both Pd and Co and dispersion of the catalyst in water due to the encapsulation of γ-Fe2O3 by melamine-based dendrimer lead to high catalytic performance compared with the monometallic counterparts. The dispersion of the magnetic catalyst also facilitates the recovery and reuse of the catalyst by ten consecutive extraction and final magnetic isolation with no loss of catalytic activity, keeping its structure unaltered. Remarkably, this is the first paper on the use of palladium-cobalt bimetallic catalyst for Buchwald-Hartwig amination reaction and the first magnetically recyclable Pd/Co bimetallic catalyst in the Mizoroki-Heck coupling reactions.
Pharmacological validation of SSc-ILD mouse model bleomycin-induced by osmotic minipump
Authors: Ravanetti Francesca , Ferrini Erica , Ragionieri Luisa , Khalajzeyqami Zahra , Nicastro Maria , Ridwan Yanto , Kleinjan Alex , Villetti Gino , Grandi Andrea , Stellari Franco Fabio 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by an excessive production and accumulation of collagen in the skin and internal organs often associated with interstitial lung disease (ILD). The unknown pathogenetic mechanisms of SSc-ILD and the lack of animal models mimicking the features of the human disease contribute to create a gap between the selection of antifibrotic drug candidates and effective therapies. Nintedanib (NINT) was used as a tool compound to validate the pharmacological response either on lung or skin fibrosis in a SSc-ILD mouse model. The model is based on the continuous infusion of bleomycin (BLM) by osmotic minipumps for 1 week in the C57BL/6 female mice. Longitudinal Micro-CT analysis highlighted a significant slowdown in lung fibrosis progression after NINT treatment, then confirmed by histology. However, no significant effect was observed on lung hydroxyproline content, inflammatory infiltrate and skin lipoatrophy. The modest pharmacological effect reported reflects the clinical outcome, lighting up the reliability of this model to serve as secondary screening to profile the best clinical drug candidates. Moreover, we have underlined the pivotal role of Micro-CT imaging, together describing the relevant readouts and the importance of their validation prior to use for drug discovery.
CircRNA/lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network in the blood exosomes of patients with atherosclerosis
Authors: Zhang Wan , Zhu Ting , Li Li , Guo Zhenyu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Atherosclerosis (AS) is a systemic, chronic and multifocal disease and is the primary pathological basis of cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary heart disease (CHD) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Our study attempted to identify aberrant exosome-derived circRNAs in AS and determine their potential clinical value. Methods: The expression of mRNA, circRNA and lncRNA in the blood exosomes of CHD patients and healthy controls was obtained from the exoRBase database. The corresponding miRNAs of mRNA, circRNA and lncRNA were predicted via ENCORI and the miRcode database. The circRNA/lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction network was established based on a competitive endogenous RNA regulatory mechanism. Aberrant circRNAs in the aforementioned network were validated in patients with PAD by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results: Based on the cutoff criteria of P<0.05, we identified 85 differentially expressed circRNAs (4 up- and 81 downregulated), 43 differentially expressed lncRNAs (24 up- and 19 downregulated) and 312 differentially expressed genes (55 up- and 257 downregulated). Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that the biological process (BP) terms of the DEGs were significantly enriched in the positive regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity and the positive regulation of protein dephosphorylation. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that DEGs were closely related to the glucagon signaling pathway and estrogen signaling pathway. The relative expression level of hsa_circ_0001360 was significantly downregulated in blood exosomes from patients with PAD, exhibiting an area under the curve of 0.92 (P=0.0283). Conclusion: The circRNA/lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction network might help to elucidate the pathogenesis of AS. Hsa_circ_0001360 was significantly downregulated in blood exosomes in patients with PAD, and this RNA might represent an important diagnostic biomarker of AS.
Percutaneous Endoscopic Interlaminar Discectomy for L5-S1 Axillary-Type Disc Herniation, with Surgeon Stand on an Opposite Side of Disc Protrusion to Perform
Authors: Ren Zhiqiang , He Shenghua , Li Jiao , Zhao Jianshen , Zhang Xiufang , Lai Juyi , Lan Zhiming 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: It is widely acceptable that surgeon stand on the same side of the disc protrusion to perform PEID. Few study focus on PEID being performed when surgeon stand on the opposite side of the disc protrusion. The aim is to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of an different approach that surgeon stood on the opposite side of the disc protrusion to perform PEID. Methods: A total of 40 patients with radiculopathy due to L5-S1 disc herniation underwent PEID were included in this study. All surgeries were performed by a senior surgeon who stood on the opposite side of the disc protrusion. The pre- and postoperative VAS, JOA, ODI and modified MacNab scores, as well as postoperative complications were collected.Results: All patients were followed up and the average follow-up period was 12.7 months. The VAS, JOA and ODI score were significantly improved after surgery. The excellent and good rate was 90% of the patients according to MacNab criteria. Recurrence without reoperation was observed at 6 months in 2 patient. No patient had major complications at the last follow-up except three cases who complained of transient lower limbs numbness. Conclusion: In this study, we found axillary herniated discs could be removed easily when surgeon stood on the opposite side of the disc protrusion. A working cannula was introduced into the epidural space at an less steeper angle to the skin, which can effectively reduce the risk of dura sac injury.
Effects of Cruciate Embedding Fascia-Bone Flap Technique on Grade II - III Cerebral Spinal Fluid Leak in Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery
Authors: Zhao WenJi , Yang Gang , Li RuiChun , Huo Gang , Gao Dong , Cao MingChuan , Wang XiaoShu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) leak remains an important issue in endoscopic endonasal surgery. A standard protocol of skull base closure has not been established yet, and application of rigid buttress has not been given sufficient attention. To emphasize the functions of support and fixation from rigid buttress in reconstruction, we introduce a technique of cruciate embedding fascia-bone flap (CEFB) using autologous bone graft to buttress fascia lata attaching to partially sutured skull base dural defect, and evaluate its efficacy in a consecutive case series of grade II-III CSF leak in EES.METHODS: Data of consecutive patients with grade II-III CSF leak during EES were collected between May 2015 and May 2020. Skull base reconstructions were performed either with the CEFB, conventional PNSF, or combination of 2 methods. Related clinical data were compared and analyzed respectively.RESULTS: There are 110, 65, and 23 patients included in CEFB, PNSF, and combination group respectively. CEFB demonstrated statistically similar effects on postoperative CSF leak (2.7%) and intracranial infection (4.5%) compared to PNSF (3.1%, 3.1%), but with less morbidity of epistaxis (CEFB: 0%, PNSF: 6.2%) and nasal discomforts (CEFB: 0%, PNSF: 7.7%). The bed stay time (CEFB: 5.74d, PNSF: 8.83d) and hospitalization time (CEFB: 10.49d, PNSF: 13.58d) were shortened in CEFB group. Combination of CEFB and PNSF achieved 0 postoperative CSF leak in 23 highly susceptible patients with grade III leak and multiple high risk factors.CONCLUSION: The CEFB technique is reliable and feasible to prevent postoperative CSF leak in EES. It can be used safely without PNSF in suitable cases, or applied in association with PNSF with high compatibility and security when necessary.Trial Registration：Current Controlled Trials ChiCTR2100044764 (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry), as well as the date of registration 27th March, 2020. Retrospectively registered.
Prevalence of impaired renal function and determinants in the southwest of Iran
Authors: Alvand Saba , Abolnezhadian Farhad , Alatab Sudabeh , Mohammadi Zahra , Hayati Fatemeh , Noori Mohammad , Danehchin Leila , Paridar Yousef , Cheraghian Bahman , Rahimi Zahra , Hariri Sanam , Masoudi Sahar , Mard Seyed Ali , Shayesteh Ali Akbar , Poustchi Hossein 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing global health problem with faster progression in developing countries such as Iran. Here we aimed to evaluate the prevalence and determinants of CKD stage III+.Methods: This research is part of the Khuzestan Comprehensive Health Study (KCHS), a large observational population-based cross-sectional study in which 30041 participants aged 20 to 65 were enrolled. CKD was determined with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) less than 60 ml/min/1.73m2, based on two equations of Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI). The multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the CKD stage III+ determinants.Results: Prevalence of CKD stage III+ is estimated to be 7.1 %, 5.5%, and 5.4% based on MDRD, CKD-EPI, and combination of both equations, respectively. More than 89% of CKD subjects aged higher than 40 years. In regression analysis, age more than 40 years had the strongest association with CKD stage III+ probability (OR: 8.23, 95% CI: 6.91-9.18). Higher wealth score, hypertension, High-Density Lipoprotein levels less than 40 mg/dl, and higher waist to hip ratio were all associated with CKD stage III+ while Arab ethnicity showed a protective effect (OR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.57-0.78). Conclusion: Our findings provide detailed information on the CKD stage III+ and its determinants in the southwest region of Iran. Due to strong association between age and CKD stage III+, within a few decades we might expect a huge rise in the CKD prevalence.
Development of sieve of Eratosthenes and sieve of Sundaram's proof
Authors: Diab Ahmed Hamdy 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We make two algorithms that generate all prime numbers up to a given limit, they are a development of sieve of Eratosthenes algorithm, we use two formulas to achieve this development, where all the multiples of prime number 2 are eliminated in the first formula, and all the multiples of prime numbers 2 and 3 are eliminated in the second formula.

Using the first algorithm we proof sieve of Sundaram's algorithm, then we improve it to be more efficient prime generating algorithm.

We will show the difference in performance between all the algorithms we will make and sieve of Eratosthenes algorithm in terms of run time.
A new proposed method for observing fluid in rock fractures using the enhanced X-ray image of digital radiography
Authors: Sun Huan , Long Qijian , Liu Xiaoli , Ye Zhenni , Wang Enzhi , Du Weisheng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Fluid in rock fractures always continually induces geo-catastrophe in water-rock system engineering. Intuitively observing fluid in fractures is the key method to reveal interaction mechanism of the water-rock under different engineering background, and provide some insights for solving engineering issues. This study proposes the visual method of fluid in rock fractures using enhanced X-ray image digital radiography (EXIDR), and carries out the coupled hydro-mechanical tests on the basis of the material scale of carbonate rocks, red bed mudstone (RBM) and coals. The experimental results show the transition mechanism of pipe flow (PF) to fissure flow (FF) during carbonate rock failures. The flow regime has undergone an evolution process from laminar flow to turbulent flow, also of this change with the fractal characteristics of PF-FF in carbonate rocks under multilevel stress loading. Also, the damage coefficient of RBM under coupled hydrodynamics and multilevel stress loading is non-linearly increasing. Therefore, the initial permeability of RBM under hydrodynamics is significant for geo-hazards prevention in the engineering, which are induced by the seepage and diffusion effects. Besides, the mean square flow (MSF) describes the flow rate varies as the fracture growth and extension, i.e. the fractional exponential evolution law that has a transition changes from super-diffusion flow to sub-diffusion flow. This indicates that fluid in fractures show the double behaviors of anomalous diffusion and nonlinear flow during coal and rock failures.
Ordinary magic in extraordinary circumstances: Predictors of positive mental health outcomes for early adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ashworth Emma , Putwain David W. , McLoughlin Shane , Saini Pooja , Chopra Jennifer , Rosser Benjamin , Eames Catrin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions have had a negative impact on the mental health and wellbeing of many people worldwide, but there is evidence to suggest this has been a particularly challenging for adolescents. However, there is a paucity of research examining the factors that have promoted good mental health during this time. The aim of the current study was to identify the protective factors among early adolescents in the UK that promoted better mental health outcomes (internalising and externalising difficulties, and wellbeing) during the first national COVID-19 lockdown. Between September and December 2020, 290 11–14 year olds across the North West of England were recruited to complete an online survey, consisting of several measures pertaining to their experiences of lockdown, and their mental health and wellbeing. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to analyse the data. Results indicated that higher participant-rated lockdown experience (the extent to which it was fun, easy, and good) and higher levels of optimism were protective factors for all three outcomes of interest. Greater adherence to Government guidance was also a protective factor for internalising difficulties and general wellbeing. Stronger family connection was a protective factor for externalising difficulties only, while stronger peer connection was a protective factor for general wellbeing only. In summary, the ‘ordinary magic’ of supportive relationships and positive experiences appear to be some of the key factors needed to ensure adolescents maintain good mental health and wellbeing, and to help them overcome the difficulties posed by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Numerical simulation of jet formation and penetration characteristics in multi-point initiation mode
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhao Changxiao , Ji Chong , Li Xinghua , Zhong Mingshou , Ma Huayuan , Gu Yun 
Published: May 2021

In order to explore the application feasibility and effective gain of shaped charge jet under multi-point initiation system, the jet forming characteristics of 40 mm diameter shaped charge under multi-point initiation mode were analyzed, and the influence rules of the number of initiation points and initiation radius on jet parameters were obtained. The simulation results of jet penetrating cylindrical shell covered charge show that the multi-point initiation system can effectively improve the jet tip velocity and the length of the jet, which can effectively improve the impact initiation ability of the shell charge.
Acclimation of microorganisms for an efficient production of volatile fatty acids and biogas from mezcal vinasses in a dark fermentation process
Authors: Díaz-Barajas S. A. , Garzón-Zúñiga M. A. , Moreno-Andrade I. , Vigueras-Cortés J. M. , Barragán-Huerta B. E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Mezcal is an alcoholic artisanal drink made from agave plants in Mexico. Its production causes the generation of wastewater called vinasses, which are highly polluting residues due to its concentration of organic matter as chemical oxygen demand (COD) (35,000–122,000 mg/L) and acidity (pH &lt; 4). Due to their organic content, these residues can be used in dark fermentation to obtain biogas, which is rich in hydrogen. In this work, the acclimation of inoculum by means of a dark fermentation process, in the presence of toxic compounds from mezcal vinasses was studied. The strategy of increasing the initial concentration of vinasse in each treatment cycle in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) reactor was applied. It was possible to obtain a maximum biogas production of 984 ± 187 mL/L, from vinasses (18,367 ± 1,200 mg COD/L), with an organic matter removal efficiency of 20 ± 1%. A maximum generation of volatile fatty acids (VFA) of 980 ± 538 mg/L equivalent to a production of 74 ± 21% of the influent concentration and removal rate of organic matter of 1,125 ± 234 mg COD/L d−1 equivalent to a removal efficiency of 20 ± 4% was obtained from vinasses with a concentration of 19,648 ± 1,702 mg COD/L.
FORTALECIMIENTO DE LA COMPETENCIA CIENTÍFICA IMPLEMENTANDO RUTINAS DE PENSAMIENTO EN EL COLEGIO COOPERATIVO COMFENALCO
Authors: Díaz Ochoa Estefanía , Rodríguez López Natalia 
Published: May 2021

Los análisis de las pruebas PISA y las pruebas Saber en cuanto al pensamiento científico, indicaron que existe una carencia por parte de los estudiantes para interpretar, abordar situaciones problemas y construir alternativas de solución, lo cual genera inconsistencias en la educación colombiana. Por esta razón, el objetivo de esta investigación fue fortalecer la competencia científica en niños de 5 – 6 años de edad en una institución educativa de carácter privado, a través de una propuesta de intervención pedagógica basada en rutinas de pensamiento. A partir de lo anterior se establecieron los objetivos específicos: Identificar las habilidades científicas de los niños, a través de actividades diagnósticas; diseñar las intervenciones pedagógicas basadas en rutinas de pensamiento; e implementar y evaluar las actividades determinando la efectividad de las rutinas de pensamiento, en el fortalecimiento de las habilidades científicas.El estudio es de tipo cualitativo y se tiene como diseño metodológico la Investigación Acción, en la cual se describió y reflexionó sobre la práctica docente en la enseñanza de las ciencias desde la educación inicial. La propuesta concluyó con la importancia de incorporar rutinas de pensamiento en la educación inicial para fortalecer la competencia científica, dado que los niños de transición evidenciaron avances en el desempeño académico durante y después de la implementación de la estrategia pedagógica, mostrándose más críticos e infiriendo coherentemente ante situaciones; además de tener mayor habilidad al clasificar objetos, indagar sobre la realidad, plantear hipótesis, planificar acciones para llegar a un fin y explicar resultados a través de la experimentación.Palabras Clave: Rutinas de pensamiento, competencia científica, educación inicial.
EVALUACIÓN DEL PROCESO ADMINISTRATIVO DE LOS DIRIGENTES DE LAS JUNTAS DE ACCIÓN COMUNAL DE LA PROVINCIA DE MÁRQUEZ DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE BOYACÁ
Authors: Rodriguez Afanador Edgar 
Published: May 2021

La investigación permitió identificar como desarrollan el proceso administrativo los dirigentes de las Juntas de Acción Comunal de la Provincia de Márquez del Departamento de Boyacá, mediante aplicación de un estudio de tipo mixto en los diferentes municipios seleccionadas, facilito conocer el desarrollo del proceso administrativo de los presidentes, existen fallas en la planeación de las acciones a ejecutar donde existe una dependencia de la gestión de los dignatarios de los recursos que puedan obtener de los entes territoriales, faltando una articulación de las necesidades de la comunicación y la autogestión que puedan lograr con las comunidades, igualmente, en la estructura organizativa hay una concentración de actividades en un solo integrante principalmente el presidente, como también, en el proceso de control solo se encontraron acciones relacionadas con el seguimiento a los ingresos y gastos en actividades como ferias y eventos patrocinados por una Alcaldía o La Gobernación. Hay que mencionar, que el nivel de formación está concentrado en el nivel de primaria y pocos logran un pregrado lo que dificultad sus resultados para mejorar las condiciones de sus pobladores.