bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and correlates of Helicobacter pylori infection among under-five children, adolescent and non-pregnant women in Nepal: Further analysis of Nepal national micronutrient status survey 2016
Authors: Mehata Suresh , Parajuli Kedar Raj , Pant Narayan Dutt , Rayamajhee Binod , Yadav Uday Narayan , Mehta Ranju Kumari , Jha Priya , Mehta Neha , Dhimal Meghnath , Singh Dipendra Raman 
Published: June 2021

Most of theHelicobacter pyloriinfections occur in developing countries. The risk factors forH.pyloriinfections are poverty, overcrowding, and unhygienic conditions, which are common problems in under-privileged countries such as Nepal. Despite having a high risk ofH.pyloriinfections, no national level study has been conducted to assess prevalence and correlates ofH.pyloriinfection in Nepal. Therefore, we hypothesized that micronutrients such as iron, vitamin B12 deficiency, socio-economic status, and nutritional status correlate with the prevalence ofH.pyloriinfection in Nepal.We studied prevalence and correlates ofH.pyloriinfection among under-five children, adolescents aged 10–19 years and married non-pregnant women aged 20–49 years using data from the Nepal National Micronutrient Status Survey 2016 (NNMSS-2016).H. pyloriinfection was examined in stool of 6–59 months old children and 20–49 years old non-pregnant women whereas the rapid diagnostic kit using blood sample was used among adolescent boys and girls.Prevalence ofH.pyloriinfection was 18.2% among 6–59 months old children, 14% among adolescent boys and 16% among adolescent girls aged 10–19 years; and 40% among 20–49 years non-pregnant women. Poor socioeconomic status, crowding, and unhygienic condition were found to be positively associated with higher incidence ofH.pyloriinfections. No significant correlation was observed between nutritional and micronutrients status (iron or risk of folate deficiency) withH.pyloriinfection.Findings from this study suggest that poverty-associated markers are primary contributors ofH.pyloriinfections in Nepalese communities. To control acquisition and persistence ofH.pyloriinfection in Nepal, we suggest improved management of safe drinking water and implementation of sanitation and hygiene programs, with a focus on those of lower socioeconomic status.
Melioidosis–a disease of socioeconomic disadvantage
Authors: Hanson Josh , Smith Simon , Stewart James , Horne Peter , Ramsamy Nicole 
Published: June 2021

Background
There is growing recognition of the contribution of the social determinants of health to the burden of many infectious diseases. However, the relationship between socioeconomic status and the incidence and outcome of melioidosis is incompletely defined.

Methods
All residents of Far North Queensland, tropical Australia with culture-proven melioidosis between January 1998 and December 2020 were eligible for the study. Their demographics, comorbidities and socioeconomic status were correlated with their clinical course. Socioeconomic status was determined using the Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA) Index of Relative Socio-economic Disadvantage score, a measure of socioeconomic disadvantage developed by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Socioeconomic disadvantage was defined as residence in a region with a SEIFA score in the lowest decile in Australia.

Results
321 eligible individuals were diagnosed with melioidosis during the study period, 174 (54.2%) identified as Indigenous Australians; 223/321 (69.5%) were bacteraemic, 85/321 (26.5%) required Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission and 37/321 (11.5%) died. 156/321 (48.6%) were socioeconomically disadvantaged, compared with 56603/269002 (21.0%) of the local general population (p<0.001). Socioeconomically disadvantaged patients were younger, more likely to be female, Indigenous, diabetic or have renal disease. They were also more likely to die prior to hospital discharge (26/156 (16.7%) versus 11/165 (6.7%), p = 0.002) and to die at a younger age (median (IQR) age: 50 (38–68) versus 65 (59–81) years, p = 0.02). In multivariate analysis that included age, Indigenous status, the presence of bacteraemia, ICU admission and the year of hospitalisation, only socioeconomic disadvantage (odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)): 2.49 (1.16–5.35), p = 0.02) and ICU admission (OR (95% CI): 4.79 (2.33–9.86), p<0.001) were independently associated with death.

Conclusion
Melioidosis is disease of socioeconomic disadvantage. A more holistic approach to the delivery of healthcare which addresses the social determinants of health is necessary to reduce the burden of this life-threatening disease.
Association of fluid balance with mortality in sepsis is modified by admission hemoglobin levels: A large database study
Authors: Tan Sandra M. Y. , Zhang Yuan , Chen Ying , See Kay Choong , Feng Mengling 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
Sepsis involves a dysregulated inflammatory response to infection that leads to organ dysfunction. Early fluid resuscitation has been advocated by the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines. However, recent studies have shown that a positive fluid balance is associated with increased mortality in septic patients. We investigated if haemoglobin levels on admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) could modify the association of fluid balance with mortality in patients with sepsis. We hypothesized that with increasing fluid balance, patients with moderate anemia (hemoglobin 7-10g/dL) would have poorer outcomes compared to those without moderate anemia (hemoglobin >10g/dL).

Materials and methods
This retrospective study utilized the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-III (MIMIC-III) database. Patients with sepsis, as identified by the International Classification of Diseases, 9th, Clinical Modification codes, were studied. Patients were stratified into those with and without moderate anemia at ICU admission. We investigated the influence of fluid balance measured within 24 hours of ICU admission on 28-day mortality for both patient groups using multivariable logistic regression models. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted.

Results
8,132 patients (median age 68.6 years, interquartile range 55.1–79.8 years; 52.8% female) were included. Increasing fluid balance (in L) was associated with a significantly decreased risk of 28-day mortality in patients without moderate anemia (OR 0.91, 95%CI 0.84–0.97, p = 0.005, at 6-hour). Conversely, increasing fluid balance was associated with a significantly increased risk of 28-day mortality in patients with moderate anemia (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01–1.1, p = 0.022, at 24-hour). Interaction analyses showed that mortality was highest when haemoglobin decreased in patients with moderate anemia who had the most positive fluid balance. Multiple subgroups and sensitivity analyses yielded consistent results.

Conclusions
In septic patients admitted to ICU, admission hemoglobin levels modified the association between fluid balance and mortality and are an important consideration for future fluid therapy trials.
Magnitude, components and predictors of metabolic syndrome in Northern Ethiopia: Evidences from regional NCDs STEPS survey, 2016
Authors: Ajemu Kiros Fenta , Desta Abraham Aregay , Berhe Asfawosen Aregay , Woldegebriel Ataklti Gebretsadik , Bezabih Nega Mamo , Negash Degnesh , Wuneh Alem Desta , Woldearegay Tewolde Wubayehu 
Published: June 2021

Background
Individuals with metabolic syndrome are five times more susceptible to chronic diseases. Assessment of its magnitude, components, and risk factors is essentials to deploy visible interventions needed to avoid further complications. The study aimed to assess magnitude, components, and predictors of metabolic syndrome in Tigray region northern Ethiopia, 2016.

Methods
Data were reviewed from Tigray region NCDs STEPs survey data base between May to June 2016. A total of 1476 adults aged 18–64 years were enrolled for the study. Multi-variable regression analysis was performed to estimate the net effect of size to risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome. Statistical significance was declared at p-value of ≤0.05 at 95% confidence interval (CI) for an adjusted odds ratio (AOR).

Results
The study revealed that unadjusted and adjusted prevalence rate of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) were (CPR = 33.79%; 95%CI: 31.29%–36.36%) and (APR = 34.2%; 95% CI: 30.31%–38.06%) respectively. The most prevalent MetS component was low HDL concentration (CPR = 70.91%; 95%CI: 68.47%–73.27%) and (APR = 70.61; 95%CI; 67.17–74.05). While; high fasting blood glucose (CPR = 20.01% (95%CI: 18.03–22.12) and (APR = 21.72; 95%CI; 18.41–25.03) was the least ones. Eating vegetables four days a week, (AOR = 3.69, 95%CI; 1.33–10.22), a salt sauce added in the food some times (AOR = 5.06, 95%CI; 2.07–12.34), overweight (AOR = 24.28, 95%CI; 10.08–58.47] and obesity (AOR = 38.81; 12.20–111.04) had strong association with MetS.

Conclusion
The magnitude of metabolic syndrome was found to be close to the national estimate. Community awareness on life style modification based on identified MetS components and risk factors is needed to avoid further complications.
Influence of Various Basin Types on Performance of Passive Solar Still: A Review
Authors: Le Tri Hieu , Pham Minh Tuan , Hadiyanto H , Pham Van Viet , Hoang Anh Tuan 
Published: June 2021

Passive solar still is the simplest design for distilling seawater by harnessing solar energy. Although it is undeniable that solar still is a promising device to provide an additional freshwater source for global increasing water demand, low thermal efficiency along with daily distillate yield are its major disadvantages. A conventional solar still can produced 2 to 5 L/m2day. Various studies have been carried out to improve passive solar stills in terms of daily productivity, thermal efficiency, and economic effectiveness. Most of the researches that relate to the daily output improvement of passive solar still concentrates on enhancing evaporation or/and condensation processes. While the condensation process is influenced by wind velocity and characteristics of the condensed surface, the evaporation process is mainly affected by the temperature of basin water. Different parameters affect the brackish water temperature such as solar radiation, design parameters (for example water depth, insulators, basin liner absorptivity, reflectors, sun tracking system, etc). The inclined angle of the top cover is suggested to equal the latitude of the experimental place. Moreover, the decrease of water depth was obtained as a good operational parameter, however, the shallow water depth is required additional feed water for ensuring no dry spot existence. Reflectors and sun-tracking systems help solar still absorb as much solar intensity as possible. The internal reflector can enhance daily yield and efficiency of stepped solar still up to 75% and 56% respectively, whereas, passive solar still with the support of a sun-tracking system improved daily yield up to 22%. Despite large efforts to investigate the impact of the different parameters on passive solar distillation, the effect of the basin liner (including appropriate shapes and type of material), needs to be analyzed for improvement in practical utilization. The present work has reviewed the investigation of the solar still performance with various types of basin liner. The review of solar stills has been conducted critically with rectangular basin, fins basin, corrugated basin, wick type, steps shape, and cylindrical shape basin with variety of top cover shapes. The findings from this work conclude that the basin liner with a cylindrical shape had better performance in comparison with other metal types and provides higher freshwater output. Stepped type, inclined, fin absorber, and corrugated shapes had the efficient performance. Further exploration revealed that copper is the best-used material for the productivity of passive solar still.
Gerbes in Geometry, Field Theory, and Quantisation
Authors: Bunk Severin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis is a mostly self-contained survey article about bundle gerbes and some of their recent applications in geometry, field theory, and quantisation. We cover the definition of bundle gerbes with connection and their morphisms, and explain the classification of bundle gerbes with connection in terms of differential cohomology. We then survey how the surface holonomy of bundle gerbes combines with their transgression line bundles to yield a smooth bordism-type field theory. Finally, we exhibit the use of bundle gerbes in geometric quantisation of 2-plectic as well as 1- and 2-shifted symplectic forms. This generalises earlier applications of gerbes to the prequantisation of quasi-symplectic groupoids.
A Governance Approach of Emotion in Family Business: Towards a Multi-level Integrated Framework and Research Agenda
Authors: Labaki Rania , D’Allura Giorgia M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhile emotion in family business is beginning to garner closer attention among researchers, the nexus of emotion management and governance has received little attention to date. In this essay, we reflect on and extend the Special Issue contributions by integrating the emotion management literature with the family business and governance literatures. We suggest a governance approach of emotion through a multilevel integrated framework. We introduce “emotion governance” as an overarching set of informal and formal mechanisms that are rooted and developed in the embedded family business contexts. We argue that emotion governance influences the explicit emotion management strategies of family business members at different stages:ex-ante(incentive alignment), during the process (education and support), andex-post(monitoring). It thereby contributes to ensure their accountability in line with family business continuity. Considering the heterogeneity of family businesses, we capture nuances in our framework across family business archetypes through a series of propositions. We chart an agenda for future research to advance the development of a theory of family business governance inclusive of emotion.
An octagonal ultra-wideband double slit antenna for WiMAX and WLAN rejection
Authors: Ramakrishnan Bhakkiyalakshmi , Murugiah Sivashanmugham Vasanthi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article proposes a dual band rejected double slits-based planar octagonal microstrip antenna for Ultra-Wideband (UWB) applications. The antenna built by an edge trimmed partial ground and an octagonal microstrip patch with a horizontal and an inclined rectangular slit. The slits are made to remove the interfering frequency bands WiMAX and WLAN from UWB band. The designed antenna without slits operates on the frequency range 2.78–10.78 GHz with a fractional bandwidth of 119% which includes the UWB frequency band 3.1–10.6 GHz. The antenna with diagonal inclined slit notches the band 4.4–5.83 GHz which excluded WLAN frequency range and shift the starting frequency of UWB band to the right from 2.78 to 3.26 GHz. The antenna with both horizontal and inclined slits further shifts the starting frequency from 3.26 to 3.619 GHz, eliminating the WiMAX band. The excluded bands show the VSWR value greater than 2 dBi whereas the rest of the band has less than 2 dBi. The proposed antenna results in nearly omnidirectional radiation pattern, 6.2 dBi peak gain and 85% radiation efficiency.
V4 & Development Co-operation Policy
Authors: Mazur Grzegorz , Banach Jakub 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The accession of the Visegrad Group (V4) countries to the European Union has triggered their active participation in assistance to less developed countries. Since joining the EU, the analyzed countries have developed ODA legislation and an institutional framework and increased financing in development co-operation. Being a member of the EU and DAC, all V4 countries also have their legal and financial obligations in the area of development co-operation. The shared experience of those countries in creating and implementing their development policy gives reason to investigate their aid systems, development policy challenges and implementation of their commitments as a group of donors. The aims of the paper are to identify main development trends of the V4 countries’ development policies as well as to investigate the implementation of their development commitments taken at a global and EU level. This has allowed to define the main challenges for V4 countries in delivering efficient development assistance to other developing countries in the future, such as improvements in institutional systems, transparent and clearly defined legislation as well as substantial increase of financing transferred by V4 to ODA.
Flow distortion effect on electromagnetic flowmeter and mitigation using magnetic flux manipulation
Authors: Dasgupta Subhashish 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The effect of velocity profile distortion on the performance of flow sensors like the electromagnetic flowmeter has been a popular topic in flow measurement research. In many of the investigations computational modeling has been useful as a tool to understand the impact of flow distortion on flowmeter measurement accuracy. However, a more realistic investigation can be conducted by a model with ability to account for three-dimensional variation in fluidic and electromagnetic characteristics. In this research paper, a multiphysics model of the electromagnetic flowmeter accounting for three-dimensional flow distortion effects and independent of experimental measurements is developed and validated. The model integrates the flow and magnetic fields to yield the induced electrical signal, and is a departure from the popular weight function calculation approach. The model predicts flow distortion effects realistically and is employed in evaluating an idea to mitigate flow distortion problems: manipulating the magnetic field to minimize distortion effects. It is seen that while flow distortion induces a 3 to 4 % error in a flowmeter designed arbitrarily, proper design of the coils can reduce this error to an insignificant level.
Availability of Pediatric Inpatient Services in the United States
Authors: Cushing Anna M. , Bucholz Emily M. , Chien Alyna T. , Rauch Daniel A. , Michelson Kenneth A. 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVES
We sought to evaluate trends in pediatric inpatient unit capacity and access and to measure pediatric inpatient unit closures across the United States.

METHODS
We performed a retrospective study of 4720 US hospitals using the 2008–2018 American Hospital Association survey. We used linear regression to describe trends in pediatric inpatient unit and PICU capacity. We compared trends in pediatric inpatient days and bed counts by state. We examined changes in access to care by calculating distance to the nearest pediatric inpatient services by census block group. We analyzed hospital characteristics associated with pediatric inpatient unit closure in a survival model.

RESULTS
Pediatric inpatient units decreased by 19.1% (34 units per year; 95% confidence interval [CI] 31 to 37), and pediatric inpatient unit beds decreased by 11.8% (407 beds per year; 95% CI 347 to 468). PICU beds increased by 16.0% (66.9 beds per year; 95% CI 53 to 81), primarily at children’s hospitals. Rural areas experienced steeper proportional declines in pediatric inpatient unit beds (−26.1% vs −10.0%). Most states experienced decreases in both pediatric inpatient unit beds (median state −18.5%) and pediatric inpatient days (median state −10.0%). Nearly one-quarter of US children experienced an increase in distance to their nearest pediatric inpatient unit. Low-volume pediatric units and those without an associated PICU were at highest risk of closing.

CONCLUSIONS
Pediatric inpatient unit capacity is decreasing in the United States. Access to inpatient care is declining for many children, particularly those in rural areas. PICU beds are increasing, primarily at large children’s hospitals. Policy and surge planning improvements may be needed to mitigate the effects of these changes.
Detection of colistin resistance among multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli clinical isolates in Turkey
Authors: Kansak Nilgün , Aksaray Sebahat , Aslan Müge , Adaleti Rıza , Gönüllü Nevriye 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study investigation of plasmid-mediated mcr 1-5 resistance genes was performed among multidrug-resistant (MDR) colistin sensitive and resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli strains isolated in our laboratory. We aimed to evaluate automated system (Vitek-2), broth microdilution (BMD) reference method and chromogenic media performance. Totally 94 MDR K. pneumoniae and six E. coli isolates were included in the study. CHROMID® Colistin R agar (COLR) (bioMerieux, France) was used to determine the colistin resistance by chromogenic method. Standard PCR amplification was performed using specific primers to screen the plasmid-mediated mcr 1-5 genes. Sixty-one isolates were resistant to colistin and 39 were susceptible with reference BMD. The essential and categorical agreement of Vitek-2 was determined as 100 and 99%. The sensitivity of COLR medium was 100%, the specificity was 97.5%. In our study mcr-1 was detected in eight isolates, while other mcr genes were not detected. Due to the high sensitivity and specificity of the COLR medium, it can be used in routine diagnostics for the detection of colistin resistance. In our study we detected 8% prevalence of mcr-1 among MDR strains however, two mcr-1 positive isolates were found sensitive to colistin by BMD.
Gassânilerin Kuruluşundan Yıkılışına Kadar Gassâni-Sâsâni Münasebetleri
Authors: CENGİZ Ercan , CANPOLAT Yusuf 
Published: June 2021

Öz
Orta çağın iki önemli gücü olan Romalılar ile Sâsânilerin Anadolu, Suriye, Irak ve Mezopotamya’nın hâkimiyeti için sürekli rekabet halinde olması, toprak hâkimiyeti için yaşanan askeri mücadelenin ticari alana da yansımasına sebep olmuştur. Bölgede bulunan Arap krallıkları da konumları itibariyle bu mücadeleye dâhil olmuştur. İki imparatorluk arasında tampon devlet konumunda bulunan bu devletlerden Suriye’de kurulmuş olan Gassâniler Romalılar ile Irak’ta kurulmuş olan Lâhmiler ise Sâsâniler ile ittifak yapmıştır.
Sâsâniler ile Romalılar arasında meydana gelen savaşlar geniş bir alana yayıldığından ve uzun sürdüğünden gerek askeri gerekse ekonomik olarak her iki devleti de yıpratmaktaydı. Sınır çatışmalarının uzun süreli savaşlara dönüşmesinin önüne geçebilmek için mücadelelerini daha çok Gassâniler ile Lâhmiler üzerinden sürdürmüşlerdir.
Bu politika doğrultusunda Gassâniler ile Lâhmiler vasalı oldukları devletin çıkarları doğrultusunda sık sık karşı karşıya gelerek savaşmışlardır. Fakat taraflardan birinin üstünlük sağlaması ve yenilen devletin hamisi aleyhine topraklarını genişletmeye başlaması üzerine Sâsâniler ve Romalılar da bu mücadeleye dâhil olunca uzun süren savaşlar kaçınılmaz olmuştur. Gassâniler ile Lâhmiler, vasalı oldukları Sâsâniler ve Romalılar ile askeri, ticari ve kültürel alanda yoğun etkileşimde bulunmalarından kaynaklı olarak medeniyet alanında diğer Arap devletlerine nazaran daha ileri bir seviyeye ulaşmışlardır.