bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure and Potential‐Dependent Selectivity in Redox‐Metallopolymers: Electrochemically Mediated Multicomponent Metal Separations
Authors: Chen Raylin , Feng Jiangyan , Jeon Jemin , Sheehan Thomas , Rüttiger Christian , Gallei Markus , Shukla Diwakar , Su Xiao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractElectro‐responsive functional materials can play a critical role in selective metal recovery and recycling due to the need for molecular differentiation between transition metals in complex mixtures. Redox‐active metallopolymers are a promising platform for electrochemical separations, offering versatile structural tuning and fast electron transfer. First, through a judicious selection of polymer structure between a main‐chain metallopolymer (polyferrocenylsilane) and a pendant‐group metallopolymer (polyvinylferrocene), charge‐transfer interactions and binding strength toward competing metal ions are tuned, which as a result, dictate selectivity. For example, almost an order of magnitude increase in separation factor between chromate and meta‐vanadate can be achieved, depending on polymer structure. Second, these metallopolymer electrodes exhibit potential‐dependent selectivity that can even flip ion preference, based solely on electrical means—indicating a control parameter that is orthogonal to structural modifications. Finally, this work presents a framework for evaluating electrochemical separations in multicomponent ion mixtures and elucidates the underlying charge‐transfer mechanisms resulting in molecular selectivity through a combination of spectroscopy and electronic structure calculations. The findings demonstrate the applicability of redox‐metallopolymers in tailored electrochemical separations for environmental remediation, value‐added metal recovery, waste recycling, and even mining processing.
Synergistic Manipulation of Zn2+ Ion Flux and Desolvation Effect Enabled by Anodic Growth of a 3D ZnF2 Matrix for Long‐Lifespan and Dendrite‐Free Zn Metal Anodes
Authors: Yang Yang , Liu Chaoyue , Lv Zeheng , Yang Hao , Zhang Yufei , Ye Minghui , Chen Libao , Zhao Jinbao , Li Cheng Chao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAqueous rechargeable Zn metal batteries have attracted widespread attention due to the intrinsic high volumetric capacity, low cost, and high safety. However, the low Coulombic efficiency and limited lifespan of Zn metal anodes resulting from uncontrollable growth of Zn dendrites impede their practical application. In this work, a 3D interconnected ZnF2 matrix is designed on the surface of Zn foil (Zn@ZnF2) through a simple and fast anodic growth method, serving as a multifunctional protective layer. The as‐fabricated Zn@ZnF2 electrode can not only redistribute the Zn2+ ion flux, but also reduce the desolvation active energy significantly, leading to stable and facile Zn deposition kinetics. The results reveal that the Zn@ZnF2 electrode can effectively inhibit dendrites growth, restrain the hydrogen evolution reactions, and endow excellent plating/stripping reversibility. Accordingly, the Zn@ZnF2 electrode exhibits a long cycle life of over 800 h at 1 mA cm−2 with a capacity of 1.0 mAh cm−2 in a symmetrical cell test, the feasibility of which is also convincing in Zn@ZnF2//MnO2 and Zn@ZnF2//V2O5 full batteries. Importantly, a hybrid zinc‐ion capacitor of the Zn@ZnF2//AC can work at an ultrahigh current density of ≈60 mA cm−2 for up to 5000 cycles with a high capacity retention of 92.8%.
Third‐Order Nonlinear Optical Response of Few‐Layer MXene Nb2C and Applications for Square‐Wave Laser Pulse Generation
Authors: Li Guoru , Liu Junting , Wang Feifei , Nie Hongkun , Wang Ruihua , Yang Kejian , Zhang Baitao , He Jingliang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNiobium carbide (Nb2C), a newly developed 2D MXene material, has attracted much attention due to its outstanding electronic and optical properties. In this work, few‐layer 2D Nb2C nanosheets are synthesized by magnetron sputtering deposition method. Z‐scan measurements with pump source operating at 1.0 µm are performed to study the third‐order nonlinear optical response, revealing excellent light modulation capabilities of 2D Nb2C. The effective nonlinear absorption coefficient (βeff ≈ –105 cm GW–1) caused by saturable absorption effect is determined to be two orders of magnitude larger than that induced by reverse saturable absorption processes (two‐photon absorption, etc.). The positive nonlinear refractive index n2 is determined to be ≈10–13 m2 W–1 for the first time. Moreover, by decorating 2D Nb2C onto microfiber, microfiber‐based 2D Nb2C saturable absorber is fabricated and applied for compact square‐wave pulse mode‐locking ytterbium‐fiber laser. The pulse duration of SWP increases from 0.652 to 1.616 ns with the pulse energy increasing linearly up to 0.89 nJ while the peak power remains a constant. The results not only verify the capability of 2D Nb2C as an optical modulator, but also pave a new way for exploring SWP laser sources.
Hierarchically‐Ordered Zeolites: A Critical Assessment
Authors: Hartmann Martin , Thommes Matthias , Schwieger Wilhelm 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHierarchically‐ordered zeolites have received increasing attention in the last 15 years due to their outstanding properties, which are explored in catalytic reaction with industrial relevance. Up to now, a large number of different synthetic strategies have been reported that allow to introduce an additional meso‐ or macropore system in addition to the intrinsic microporosity of classical zeolites. Thus, hierarchical zeolites combine the intrinsic (catalytic) properties of conventional zeolites with facilitated access and transport via the additional pore system. In this critical review, the various synthesis pathways reported so far are evaluated, several physico‐chemical methods required for in‐depth characterization of the hierarchical pore system are discussed, and selective applications that are or potentially will be of technical relevance are introduced. The present review provides a critical analysis of the present achievements and discusses future opportunities and challenges for the research on hierarchically‐ordered zeolite in particular with respect to their industrial use.
Reversible Metal Electrodeposition Devices: An Emerging Approach to Effective Light Modulation and Thermal Management
Authors: Tao Xin , Liu Dongqing , Yu Jinshan , Cheng Haifeng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe reversible metal electrodeposition device (RMED) is a novel electrochromic application that utilizes the appearance and disappearance of a metal layer to achieve spectrum control. A thin metal film with a thickness of a few tens of nanometers would be highly reflective in the visible and infrared region, making it an ideal material to achieve light and heat modulation. Because of their outstanding spectrum control ability, RMEDs can be applied to displays, smart windows, and thermal camouflage. However, as is the case with many other electrochromic devices, difficulties in device enlargement pose significant challenges to the application of RMEDs. Herein, an overview of the milestone advances of RMEDs is provided, with a focus on their application as smart windows, which is the most extensively studied topic. Recent attempts to improve their open‐circuit stability and designs for device enlargement are highlighted. Finally, insight into the remaining challenges and future prospects in this field is provided.
OTUD1 Activates Caspase‐Independent and Caspase‐Dependent Apoptosis by Promoting AIF Nuclear Translocation and MCL1 Degradation
Authors: Luo Qingyu , Wu Xiaowei , Zhao Pengfei , Nan Yabing , Chang Wan , Zhu Xiaolin , Su Dan , Liu Zhihua 
Published: February 2021

AbstractApoptosis‐inducing factor (AIF) plays a dual role in regulating cell survival and apoptosis, acting as a prosurvival factor in mitochondria via its NADH oxidoreductase activity and activating the caspase‐independent apoptotic pathway (i.e., parthanatos) after nuclear translocation. However, whether one factor conjunctively controls the separated functions of AIF is not clear. Here, it is shown that OTU deubiquitinase 1 (OTUD1) acts as a link between the two functions of AIF via deubiquitination events. Deubiquitination of AIF at K244 disrupts the normal mitochondrial structure and compromises oxidative phosphorylation, and deubiquitination of AIF at K255 enhances its DNA‐binding ability to promote parthanatos. Moreover, OTUD1 stabilizes DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 10 (DCAF10) and recruits the cullin 4A (CUL4A)‐damage specific DNA binding protein 1 (DDB1) complex to promote myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (MCL1) degradation, thereby activating caspase‐dependent apoptotic signaling. Collectively, these results reveal the central role of OTUD1 in activating both caspase‐independent and caspase‐dependent apoptotic signaling and propose decreased OTUD1 expression as a key event promoting chemoresistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Colorectal Cancer Stem Cell States Uncovered by Simultaneous Single‐Cell Analysis of Transcriptome and Telomeres
Authors: Wang Hua , Gong Peng , Chen Tong , Gao Shan , Wu Zhenfeng , Wang Xiaodong , Li Jie , Marjani Sadie L. , Costa José , Weissman Sherman M. , Qi Feng , Pan Xinghua , Liu Lin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSCs) presumably contribute to tumor progression and drug resistance, yet their definitive features have remained elusive. Here, simultaneous measurement of telomere length and transcriptome in the same cells enables systematic assessment of CSCs in primary colorectal cancer (CRC). The in‐depth transcriptome profiled by SMART‐seq2 is independently validated by high‐throughput scRNA‐seq using 10 × Genomics. It is found that rare CSCs exist in dormant state and display plasticity toward cancer epithelial cells (EPCs) that essentially are presumptive tumor‐initiating cells (TICs), while both retaining the prominent signaling pathways including WNT, TGF‐β, and HIPPO/YAP. Moreover, CSCs exhibit chromosome copy number variation (CNV) pattern resembling cancer EPCs but distinct from normal stem cells, suggesting the phylogenetic relationship between CSCs and cancer EPCs. Notably, CSCs maintain shorter telomeres and possess minimal telomerase activity consistent with their nonproliferative nature, unlike cancer EPCs. Additionally, the specific signature of CSCs particularly NOTUM, SMOC2, BAMBI, PHLDA1, and TNFRSF19 correlates with the prognosis of CRC. These findings characterize the heterogeneity of CSCs and their linkage to cancer EPCs/TICs, some of which are conventionally regarded as CSCs.
Reversible Pb2+/Pb0 and I−/I3− Redox Chemistry Drives the Light‐Induced Phase Segregation in All‐Inorganic Mixed Halide Perovskites
Authors: Frolova Lyubov A. , Luchkin Sergey Y. , Lekina Yulia , Gutsev Lavrenty G. , Tsarev Sergey A. , Zhidkov Ivan S. , Kurmaev Ernst Z. , Shen Ze Xiang , Stevenson Keith J. , Aldoshin Sergey M. , Troshin Pavel A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTunability of optoelectronic properties of lead halide perovskites achieved through halide mixing can potentially enable their multiple applications, for example, in tandem solar cells and light‐emitting diodes. However, mixed halide perovskites are unstable under illumination due to their segregation to Br‐rich and I‐rich phases, which negatively affects the performance and the operational stability of devices. Research efforts over the past years provided a substantial understanding of the factors influencing light‐induced halide phase segregation. While several mechanisms have been proposed, none of them could account for all available experimental data; and hence the origin of the effect is still under active debate. Herein, the photodegradation of CsPbI2Br and Cs1.2PbI2Br1.2 is thoroughly investigated using a set of complementary techniques. In situ atomic force microscopy provides a visualization of the real‐time halide phase segregation dynamics demonstrating that iodoplumbate is selectively expelled from the mixed halide perovskite grains and nucleates as a separate I‐rich phase at the grain boundaries. A mechanism based on the reversible Pb2+/Pb0 and I−/I3− redox (photo)chemistry is proposed, which explains the experimental findings and other previously reported results. Furthermore, it sheds new insights on the underlying mechanisms of multiple phenomena related to light‐ or electric field‐induced degradation of various lead halide perovskites.
Nager syndrome in patient lacking acrofacial dysostosis: Expanding the phenotypic spectrum of SF3B4‐related disease
Authors: Cadieux‐Dion Maxime , Hughes Susan , Engleman Kendra , Rush Eric T. , Saunders Carol 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNager syndrome epitomizes the acrofacial dysostoses, which are characterized by craniofacial and limb defects. The craniofacial defects include midfacial retrusion, downslanting palpebral fissures, prominent nasal bridge, and micrognathia. Limb malformations typically include hypoplasia or aplasia of radial elements including the thumb. Nager syndrome is caused by haploinsufficiency of SF3B4, encoding a spliceosomal protein called SAP49. Here, we report a patient with a loss of function variant in SF3B4 without acrofacial dysostosis or limb defects, whose reason for referral was developmental and growth delay. This patient is evidence of a broader phenotypic spectrum associated with SF3B4 variants than previously appreciated.
AIBN‐Initiated Oxidative Deoximation Reaction: A Metal‐Free and Environmentally‐Friendly Protocol
Authors: Wang Feng , Chen Tian , Shi Yaocheng , Yu Lei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAIBN, a very common free radical initiator, was found to be efficient for oxidative deoximation reactions. The process could employ molecular oxygen as the mild, clean and safe oxidant in most cases and did not involve any transition metals. The applied initiator loading was as low as 2 mol%. This work reports a relatively green method for deoximation reactions and may be very practical for large‐scale applications.
Aim2 Couples With Ube2i for Sumoylation‐Mediated Repression of Interferon Signatures in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Lu Ailing , Wu Shuxian , Niu Junling , Cui Mengmeng , Chen Mengdan , Clapp William L. , Barnes Betsy J. , Meng Guangxun 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) involves kidney damage, and the inflammasome‐caspase‐1 axis has been demonstrated to promote renal pathogenesis. The present study was designed to explore the function of the Absent in Melanoma 2 (Aim2) protein in SLE.MethodsFemale wild‐type Aim2−/−, Aim2−/−Ifnar1−/−, Aim2−/−Rag1−/−, and Asc−/− mice ages 8–10 weeks received 1 intraperitoneal injection of 500 μl pristane or saline, and survival of mice was monitored twice a week for 6 months.ResultsThe absence of Aim2, but not Asc, led to enhanced SLE in mice that received pristane treatment. Increased immune cell infiltration and type I interferon (IFN) signatures in the kidneys of Aim2−/− mice coincided with severity of lupus, which was alleviated by blockade of Ifnar1‐mediated signal. Adaptive immune cells were also involved in the glomerular lesions of Aim2−/− mice after pristane challenge. Importantly, even in the absence of pristane, plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the kidneys of Aim2−/− mice were significantly increased compared to control animals. Accordingly, transcriptome analysis revealed that Aim2 deficiency led to enhanced expression of type I IFN–induced genes in the kidneys even at an early developmental stage. Mechanistically, Aim2 bound ubiquitin‐conjugating enzyme 2i (Ube2i), which mediates sumoylation‐based suppression of type I IFN expression deficiency of Aim2 decreased cellular sumoylation, resulting in an augmented type I IFN signature and kidney pathogenesis.ConclusionThe present study demonstrates a critical role for Aim2 in an optimal Ube2i‐mediated sumoylation‐based suppression of type I IFN generation and development of SLE. As such, the Aim2–Ube2i axis can thus be a novel target for intervention in SLE.
Effects of glutelin and lipid oxidation on the physicochemical properties of rice starch
Authors: Shi Jiayi , Zhang Tai , Wang Tingting , Wu Meidan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesStarch properties are closely related to the rice quality as starch interacts with other components during rice storage. However, several studies have neglected that the changes in proteins and lipids influence the properties of starch in rice. Herein, we used an artificial climate chest to characterize the effect of glutelin and lipid oxidation on the physicochemical properties of starch during rice storage.FindingsOxidation occurs in glutelin and lipids during the rice storage stage (p < .01). The oxidation indexes of glutelin and lipids showed the same significant negative correlation in peak viscosity (PV), breakdown (BD), and setback (SB). In contrast, concerning amylose content, final viscosity (FV), and SB, the oxidation of glutelin rather than lipids was more closely related to the changes observed in starch properties (p < .01). Lipid oxidation significantly correlated with trough viscosity (TV) and amylopectin content than glutelin oxidation (p < .01).ConclusionsAll the oxidation indicators of glutelin and lipids were inversely correlated with BD and SB (p < .01). Carbonyl compound content and fatty acid oxidation were significantly correlated with the physicochemical properties of rice starch.Significance and noveltyThe physicochemical changes in starch are closely related to the oxidation of glutelin and lipids, which can be used as indicators for assessing rice quality.
Bird's‐eye view of analog and mixed‐signal chips for the 21st century
Authors: Martins Rui P. , Mak Pui‐In , Chan Chi‐Hang , Yin Jun , Zhu Yan , Chen Yong , Lu Yan , Law Man‐Kay , Sin Sai‐Weng 
Published: February 2021

SUMMARYThe Internet of Everything (IoE), clearly a 21st century's technology, brilliantly plays with digital data obtained from analog sources, bringing together two different realities, the analog (physical/real), and the digital (cyber/virtual) worlds. Then, with the boundaries of IoE still analog in nature, the required functions at the interface involve sensing, measuring, filtering, converting, processing, and connecting, which imply that the analog layer governs the entire system in terms of accuracy and precision. Furthermore, such interface integrates several analog and mixed‐signal subsystems that comprise mainly signal transmission and reception, frequency generation, energy harvesting, data, and power conversion. This paper sets forth a state‐of‐the‐art design perspective of some of the most critical building blocks used in the analog/digital interface, covering wireless cellular transceivers, millimeter‐wave frequency generators, energy harvesting interfaces, plus, data and power converters, that exhibit high quality performance achieved through low‐power consumption, high energy‐efficiency, and high speed.
Development and psychometric evaluation of the Social Connectedness Index in nursing home residents with Alzheimer's disease and dementia using the Minimum Data Set 3.0
Authors: Bova Carol A. , Jesdale Bill M. , Mbrah Attah , Botelho Lynn , Lapane Kate L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo develop a reliable and valid measure of social connectedness among nursing home residents with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) using items available in the Minimum Dataset 3.0 (MDS).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective scale development study using the 2016 MDS with two populations of nursing home residents with ADRD: (1) new admissions (not post‐acute care) (n = 146,694); (2) residents with comprehensive annual assessments (n = 294,704). Twenty‐nine items were included for consideration. Psychometric evaluation included content validity, item analysis, internal consistency reliability, criterion‐related validity, and exploratory factor analysis. Analyses were stratified by self‐ or staff‐assessed pain.ResultsThe resulting five item Social Connectedness Index (SCI) has good content (Fleiss Kappa = 0.67), criterion‐related and construct validity and adequate internal consistency reliability (Kuder Richardson‐20: 0.63–0.74) in persons with ADRD. As anticipated, younger residents, men, and those with severe cognitive impairment, anxiety, and depression were more likely to be categorized in the low social connectedness group.ConclusionThe SCI is a promising measure for estimating the amount of social connectedness present for nursing home residents with ADRD. Further work needs to be done to evaluate the usefulness of the SCI for evaluating health and well‐being among this population over time.
Child labor and psychosocial wellbeing: Findings from India
Authors: Feeny Simon , Posso Alberto , Skali Ahmed , Jyotishi Amalendu , Nath Shyam , Viswanathan P. K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMental health is a neglected health issue in developing countries. We test if mental health issues are particularly likely to occur among some of the most vulnerable children in developing countries: those that work. Despite falling in recent decades, child labor still engages 168 million children across the world. While the negative impacts of child labor on physical health are well documented, the effect of child labor on a child's psychosocial wellbeing has been neglected. We investigate this issue with a new dataset of 947 children aged 12–18 years from 750 households in 20 villages across five districts of Tamil Nadu, India. Our purpose‐built survey allows for a holistic approach to the analysis of child wellbeing by accounting for levels of happiness, hope, emotional wellbeing, self‐efficacy, fear and stress. We use a variety of econometric approaches, some of which utilize household‐level fixed effects and account for differences between working and nonworking siblings. We document a robust, large and negative association between child labor and most measures of psychosocial wellbeing. The results are robust to a battery of exercises, including tests for selection on unobservables, randomization inference, instrumental variable techniques, and falsification exercises.