bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body mass index in early adulthood and dementia in late life: Findings from a pooled cohort
Authors: Zeki Al Hazzouri Adina , Vittinghoff Eric , Hoang Tina , Golden Sherita H. , Fitzpatrick Annette L. , Zhang Adina , Grasset Leslie , Yaffe Kristine 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionTo examine the independent association of body mass index (BMI) in early adulthood with dementia incidence among men and women.MethodsWe studied 5104 older adults from the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) and the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) study. We imputed early adulthood and midlife BMI using a pooled parent cohort with complete adult lifespan coverage and previously established methods. Dementia was ascertained using criteria such as neuropsychological test battery, medical records, and dementia‐related drug use. Pooled logistic regression (PLR) models were used.ResultsCompared to women with normal BMI in early adulthood, the odds of dementia were higher among both overweight (odds ratio [OR] = 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.31 to 2.54) and obese (OR = 2.45; 95% CI = 1.47 to 4.06) women, independent of mid‐ and late‐life BMI. Similar relationship was observed in men.ConclusionsWith the growing obesity epidemic among US adults, efforts aimed at reducing dementia may need to begin obesity prevention and treatment early in the life course.
Surface‐Adsorbed Carboxylate Ligands on Layered Double Hydroxides/Metal–Organic Frameworks Promote the Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Li Cheng‐Fei , Zhao Jia‐Wei , Xie Ling‐Jie , Wu Jin‐Qi , Ren Qian , Wang Yu , Li Gao‐Ren 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with carboxylate ligands as co‐catalysts are very efficient for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, the role of local adsorbed carboxylate ligands around the in‐situ‐transformed metal (oxy)hydroxides during OER is often overlooked. We reveal the extraordinary role and mechanism of surface‐adsorbed carboxylate ligands on bi/trimetallic layered double hydroxides (LDHs)/MOFs for OER electrocatalytic activity enhancement. The results of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), synchrotron X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the carboxylic groups around metal (oxy)hydroxides can efficiently induce interfacial electron redistribution, facilitate an abundant high‐valence state of nickel species with a partially distorted octahedral structure, and optimize the d‐band center together with the beneficial Gibbs free energy of the intermediate. Furthermore, the results of in situ Raman and FTIR spectra reveal that the surface‐adsorbed carboxylate ligands as Lewis base can promote sluggish OER kinetics by accelerating proton transfer and facilitating adsorption, activation, and dissociation of hydroxyl ions (OH−).
H2O‐Built Proton Transfer Bridge Enhances Continuous Methane Oxidation to Methanol over Cu‐BEA Zeolite
Authors: Xu Ruinian , Liu Ning , Dai Chengna , Li Yan , Zhang Jie , Wu Bin , Yu Gangqiang , Chen Biaohua 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDirect oxidation of methane to methanol (DMTM) is a big challenge in C1 chemistry. We present a continuous N2O‐DMTM investigation by simultaneously introducing 10 vol % H2O into the reaction system over Cu‐BEA zeolites. Combining a D2O isotopic tracer technique and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulation, we for the first time demonstrate that the H2O molecules can participate in the reaction through a proton transfer route, wherein the H2O molecules can build a high‐speed proton transfer bridge between the generated moieties of CH3− and OH− over the evolved mono(μ‐oxo) dicopper ([Cu‐O‐Cu]2+) active site, thereby pronouncedly boosting the CH3OH selectivity (3.1→71.6 %), productivity (16.8→242.9 μmol gcat−1 h−1) and long‐term reaction stability (10→70 h) relative to the scenario of absence of H2O. Unravelling the proton transfer of H2O over the dicopper [Cu‐O‐Cu]2+ site would substantially contribute to highly efficient catalyst designs for the continuous DMTM.
Brazil's struggles and strengths in biomedical sciences and healthcare: A conversation with the former minister of health Nelson Teich
Authors: Teich Nelson , Curcio Daniella , Lucas Marcio , Laitman Jeffrey 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis commentary is a summary of two conversations among Brazilian former Minister of Health and oncologist Nelson Teich; Brazilian thoracic surgeon, Marcio Lucas; and anatomists Jeffrey Laitman and Daniella Curcio. We discuss a number of topics in Medical Education, Biomedical Science, and Healthcare, including the different stages of the Brazilian response to the COVID‐19 pandemic. The discussions also explore: Brazil's and Brazilians strengths and struggles in the advancement of biomedicine; universal barriers to furthering advances; and problems specific to Brazil.
Prediction of Differential Pharmacologic Response in Chronic Pain Using Functional Neuroimaging Biomarkers and a Support Vector Machine Algorithm: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Ichesco Eric , Peltier Scott J. , Mawla Ishtiaq , Harper Daniel E. , Pauer Lynne , Harte Steven E. , Clauw Daniel J. , Harris Richard E. 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveThere is increasing demand for prediction of chronic pain treatment outcomes using machine‐learning models, in order to improve suboptimal pain management. In this exploratory study, we used baseline brain functional connectivity patterns from chronic pain patients with fibromyalgia (FM) to predict whether a patient would respond differentially to either milnacipran or pregabalin, 2 drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of FM.MethodsFM patients participated in 2 separate double‐blind, placebo‐controlled crossover studies, one evaluating milnacipran (n = 15) and one evaluating pregabalin (n = 13). Functional magnetic resonance imaging during rest was performed before treatment to measure intrinsic functional brain connectivity in several brain regions involved in pain processing. A support vector machine algorithm was used to classify FM patients as responders, defined as those with a ≥20% improvement in clinical pain, to either milnacipran or pregabalin.ResultsConnectivity patterns involving the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) individually classified pregabalin responders versus milnacipran responders with 77% accuracy. Performance of this classification improved when both PCC and DLPFC connectivity patterns were combined, resulting in a 92% classification accuracy. These results were not related to confounding factors, including head motion, scanner sequence, or hardware status. Connectivity patterns failed to differentiate drug nonresponders across the 2 studies.ConclusionOur findings indicate that brain functional connectivity patterns used in a machine‐learning framework differentially predict clinical response to pregabalin and milnacipran in patients with chronic pain. These findings highlight the promise of machine learning in pain prognosis and treatment prediction.
The Value of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Assessing Disease Extent and Prediction of Relapse in Early Peripheral Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Renson Thomas , Carron Philippe , De Craemer Ann‐Sophie , Deroo Liselotte , de Hooge Manouk , Krabbe Simon , Jans Lennart , Østergaard Mikkel , Elewaut Dirk , Van den Bosch Filip 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveThis study was undertaken to assess the inflammatory burden in peripheral spondyloarthritis (SpA) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the legs in an early remission–induction strategy study of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockade. Furthermore, we sought to determine the value of MRI to predict disease relapse versus sustained remission after treatment discontinuation.MethodsThirty‐two patients with early peripheral SpA with involvement of the legs determined on clinical examination and confirmed by ultrasonography (US) participated in a remission‐induction trial of a TNF inhibitor (TNFi). Patients underwent MRI of the joints and entheses of the legs at baseline and at clinical remission, after which TNFi treatment was withdrawn. Images were evaluated for joint effusion, joint osteitis, entheseal soft tissue inflammation, and entheseal osteitis.ResultsJoint effusion and enthesitis on clinical examination and US correlated well with MRI abnormalities. In addition, a substantial amount of subclinical involvement was seen on MRI, mainly in the ankle joints and heel entheses. Inflammation scores were markedly lower in the subclinically involved joints and entheses versus those that were clinically involved (P values ranged from 0.01 to <0.001). Inflammatory load on MRI decreased significantly upon TNFi treatment (P < 0.001). Whereas 80% of the joints that were clinically involved at baseline showed no effusion on remission MRI, 2 of 3 entheses involved at baseline showed residual inflammation. In addition, patients who experienced a relapse after treatment discontinuation displayed more entheseal soft tissue inflammation on remission MRI compared to those who maintained drug‐free remission (P = 0.028).ConclusionOur findings delineate a differential response of synovitis and enthesitis, with enthesitis on MRI being less responsive to TNFi treatment. Furthermore, residual entheseal inflammation might be indicative of the need for continuous therapy.
Relationship Between Rheumatoid Arthritis and Pulmonary Function Measures on Spirometry in the UK Biobank
Authors: Prisco Lauren , Moll Matthew , Wang Jiaqi , Hobbs Brian D. , Huang Weixing , Martin Lily W. , Kronzer Vanessa L. , Huang Sicong , Silverman Edwin K. , Doyle Tracy J. , Cho Michael H. , Sparks Jeffrey A. 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the independent relationship of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to the type and severity of pulmonary patterns on spirometry compared to the pulmonary patterns in general population controls.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, we investigated the association of RA with pulmonary function measures on spirometry among subjects in the UK Biobank who underwent spirometry for research purposes. RA cases were identified based on self‐report and current disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug/glucocorticoid use. Controls were subjects without RA from the general population. Outcome measures included continuous forced expiratory volume in 1 second percent predicted (FEV1%) and forced vital capacity percent predicted (FVC%), type of spirometric pattern (restrictive or obstructive), and severity of the restrictive or obstructive pattern. We used multivariable regression to estimate the effects in RA cases compared to the effects in controls, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and smoking status/pack‐years.ResultsAmong 350,776 analyzed subjects who underwent spirometry (mean age 56.3 years; 55.8% female; 45.5% ever smokers), we identified 2,008 cases of treated RA. In multivariable analyses, RA was associated with lower FEV1% (β = –2.93 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) –3.63, –2.24]), FVC% (β = –2.08 [95% CI –2.72, –1.45]), and FEV1/FVC (β = –0.008 [95% CI –0.010, –0.005]) compared to controls. RA was additionally associated with restrictive patterns (odds ratio [OR] 1.36 [95% CI 1.21, 1.52]) and obstructive patterns (OR 1.21 [95% CI 1.07, 1.37]) independent of confounders, and was most strongly associated with severe restrictive and obstructive patterns.ConclusionRA is associated with increased odds of restrictive and obstructive patterns, and this relationship is not explained by confounders, including smoking status. In addition to restrictive lung disease, clinicians should also be aware that airway obstruction may be a pulmonary manifestation of RA.
Recent advances in the microbial production of C4 alcohols by metabolically engineered microorganisms
Authors: Yoo Jee In , Sohn Yu Jung , Son Jina , Jo Seo Young , Pyo Jiwon , Park Su Kyeong , Choi Jong‐Il , Joo Jeong Chan , Kim Hee Taek , Park Si Jae 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe heavy global dependence on petroleum‐based industries has led to serious environmental problems, including climate change and global warming. As a result, there have been calls for a paradigm shift towards the use of biorefineries, which employ natural and engineered microorganisms that can utilize various carbon sources from renewable resources as host strains for the carbon‐neutral production of target products.Purpose and ScopeC4 alcohols are versatile chemicals that can be used directly as biofuels and bulk chemicals and in the production of value‐added materials such as plastics, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. C4 alcohols can be effectively produced by microorganisms using DCEO biotechnology (tools to design, construct, evaluate, and optimize) and metabolic engineering strategies.Summary of New Synthesis and ConclusionsIn this review, we summarize the production strategies and various synthetic tools available for the production of C4 alcohols and discuss the potential development of microbial cell factories, including the optimization of fermentation processes, that offer cost competitiveness and potential industrial commercialization.
Consider how free speech case could impact disability discrimination complaint resolutions
Authors: Charmatz Marc 
Published: May 2021

While it may be too early to fully comprehend the ramification of Uzuegbunam v. Preczewski, 592 U.S. ___ (2021), the United States Supreme Court 8–1 recent decision authored by Justice Clarence Thomas may have a profound impact on colleges and universities because students with disabilities, indeed all students, may now be entitled to sue for nominal damages even after a postsecondary institution eliminates a discriminatory policy.
Implementing solution‐focused brief therapy to facilitate hope and subjective well‐being among South African trauma survivors: A case study
Authors: Joubert Jolize , Guse Tharina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPositive psychology interventions have been shown to improve well‐being in various contexts. However, few studies have explored the use of these approaches in clinical settings. Considering the high prevalence of trauma and the pressure on public mental health services in South Africa, this study implemented and described solution‐focused brief therapy (SFBT) with South African trauma survivors in order to explore their experiences of hope and subjective well‐being (SWB), during and after exposure to SFBT. Using a multiple case study design, qualitative data were collected from therapeutic sessions and semi‐structured individual interviews with seven black female participants. Following thematic analysis, results indicated that SFBT contributed towards participants’ experiences of hope and SWB. In particular, the therapeutic conversation, empathy and acceptance in therapy, visualising a better future and focusing on strengths instead of the trauma facilitated these experiences. SFBT may thus be an appropriate intervention to facilitate hope and SWB among trauma survivors.
Ratiometric Detection of Glutathione Based on Disulfide Linkage Rupture between a FRET Coumarin Donor and a Rhodamine Acceptor
Authors: Zhang Yibin , Xia Shuai , Wan Shulin , Steenwinkel Tessa E. , Vohs Tara , Luck Rudy L. , Werner Thomas , Liu Haiying 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAbnormal levels of glutathione, a cellular antioxidant, can lead to a variety of diseases. We have constructed a near‐infrared ratiometric fluorescent probe to detect glutathione concentrations in biological samples. The probe consists of a coumarin donor, which is connected through a disulfide‐tethered linker to a rhodamine acceptor. Under the excitation of the coumarin donor at 405 nm, the probe shows weak visible fluorescence of the coumarin donor at 470 nm and strong near‐infrared fluorescence of the rhodamine acceptor at 652 nm due to efficient Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the donor to the acceptor. Glutathione breaks the disulfide bond through reduction, which results in a dramatic increase in coumarin fluorescence and a corresponding decrease in rhodamine fluorescence. The probe possesses excellent cell permeability, biocompatibility, and good ratiometric fluorescence responses to glutathione and cysteine with a self‐calibration capability. The probe was utilized to ratiometrically visualize glutathione concentration alterations in HeLa cells and Drosophila melanogaster larvae.
Real world outcomes using 20 mm balloon expandable SAPIEN 3/ultra valves compared to larger valves (23, 26, and 29 mm)–a propensity matched analysis
Authors: Eng Marvin H. , Abbas Amr E. , Hahn Rebecca T. , Lee James , Wang Dee Dee , Eleid Mackram F. , O'Neill William W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjective/BackgroundSmall balloon expandable valves have higher echocardiographic transvalvular gradients and rates of prosthesis‐patient mismatch (PPM) compared to larger valves. However, the impact of these echocardiographic findings on clinical outcomes is unknown. We sought to determine the clinical outcomes of 20 mm SAPIEN 3 (S3 BEV) compared to larger S3 BEV in relation to echocardiographic hemodynamics.MethodsUsing the STS/ACC transcatheter valve registry, we performed a propensity‐matched comparison of patients undergoing treatment of native aortic valve stenosis using transfemoral, balloon‐expandable implantation of 20 mm and ≥ 23 mm S3 BEVs. Baseline and procedure characteristics, echocardiographic variables and survival were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of 1‐year mortality.ResultsAfter propensity matching of the 20 mm and ≥ 23 mm SAPIEN 3 valves, 3,931 pairs with comparable baseline characteristics were identified. Small valves were associated with significantly higher echocardiographic gradients at discharge (15.7 ± 7.1 mmHg vs. 11.7 ± 5.5 mmHg, p < 0.0001) and severe PPM rates (21.5% vs. 9.7%, p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in 1‐year all‐cause mortality (20 mm: 13.0% vs. ≥23 mm: 12.7%, p = 0.72) or other major adverse event rates and outcomes between the two cohorts. Based on a multivariable analysis, elevated discharge mean gradient (>20 mmHg), severe PPM and the use of 20 mm versus ≥23 mm were not independent predictors of 1‐year mortality.ConclusionSAPIEN 3 20 mm valves were associated with higher echocardiographic gradients, and severe PPM rates compared to larger valves but these factors were not associated with significant differences in 1‐year all‐cause mortality or rehospitalization.
Calibration model fusion
Authors: Halberg Helene Fog Froriep , Holst Anette Yde , Kaufmann Niels , Bro Rasmus 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCalibration model maintenance is often overlooked but is a significant part of successful use of multivariate calibration models, for example, in process monitoring and optimization. In some cases, companies are maintaining tens or even hundreds of calibration models. This could be partial least squares (PLS) calibration models pertaining to different recipes or raw materials or neural network based models covering different production sites. Maintaining such a high number of models is cumbersome and expensive. Sometimes, a solution presented for this problem is to merge all the models into one, but this often comes at the expense of significantly higher prediction errors. In this paper, we suggest a new approach for rationally merging calibration models in order to optimally balance the prediction error and maintenance workload. We do this by systematically merging models that lower the error as much as possible and hence provide a sort of optimal clustering or fusion of calibration models. We showcase the new approach on a case based on infrared spectroscopy applied to dairy production.
Synergistic Ir/Cu Catalysis for Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Oxindoles: Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Construction of Quaternary and Tertiary Stereocenters
Authors: Wang Tianhong , Peng Youbin , Li Guanlin , Luo Yicong , Ye Yong , Huo Xiaohong , Zhang Wanbin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract3,3‐Disubstituted oxindoles bearing quaternary and tertiary stereogenic centers are privileged structural motifs, which widely exist in pharmaceutical and natural products. Herein, a highly regio‐, enantio‐, and diastereoselective allylic alkylation of 3‐alkyl oxindoles through synergistic iridium and copper catalysis is described, which provides a series of 3,3‐disubstituted oxindole derivatives containing adjacent quaternary and tertiary stereogenic centers in excellent yields, enantiomeric excess, and diastereomeric ratio (for 30 examples, up to 97 % yield, >99 % ee, and >20 : 1 dr). This method provides exclusive branched selectivity, excellent enantio‐ and diastereoselectivities, and good functional compatibility. Control experiments suggested that the chiral copper catalyst is required for achieving high reactivities and diastereoselectivities under mild reaction conditions.
Rapid and Scalable Synthesis of Prussian Blue Analogue Nanocubes for Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation†
Authors: Sun Wenbin , Wei Zimeng , Qi Jindi , Kang Luyao , Li Jiechen , Xie Junfeng , Tang Bo , Xie Yi 
Published: May 2021

Main observation and conclusionDesign and fabrication of earth‐abundant electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is essential in improving the overall efficiency of water electrolysis. In this work, we proposed a rapid and scalable synthesis route for fabricating Prussian blue analogue (PBA) nanocubes with tunable compositions and uniform particle size. With the structural benefits of abundant surface sites, facile charge transfer behavior and favorable Co2+‐to‐Co3+ pre‐oxidation reaction, fast generation and accumulation of the catalytically active Co3+ sites can be achieved for the CoCo PBA nanocubes, leading to remarkable OER activity with simultaneously achieved low overpotential, large anodic current density, small Tafel slope as well as outstanding intrinsic activity. Of note, by performing long‐term OER operation, the CoCo PBA nanocubes exhibit a remarkable 5.5‐folds performance enhancement, and obvious surface reconstruction and the accumulation of high‐valence Co species can be identified, proving the crucial role of pre‐oxidation process in boosting the OER catalysis. This work proposed a universal approach for the rapid, scalable and controllable fabrication of the PBA‐based materials, and the elucidation of the pre‐oxidation process in facilitating the OER catalysis may provide useful guidance for designing and optimizing advanced catalysts for energy‐related electro‐oxidation reactions in the future.
Comparative Study of Different Types of Hydrological Models Applied to Hydrological Simulation
Authors: Gui Hanliang , Wu Zhiguo , Zhang Chunping 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe hydrological model is one of the key methods in hydrological research and management, which can be divided into physical model and mathematical model. In order to explore the applicability of different models in hydrological simulation, the physical model Hydrologic Simulation Program‐FORTRAN (HSPF), the mathematical models Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) are built to simulate the hydrological process of Sanya River, China. First, the result shows that all three models have good performance, but the HSPF model has the best performance followed by the ARIMA and the BPNN model with the lowest performance. Next, the effect of time step on the performance of the BPNN and ARIMA models is obviously greater than for the HSPF model. Finally, the applicability of various models is discussed by combining the modeling process and data requirements of the model, and the applicability of the mathematical model in the hydrological simulation of watersheds with insufficient data is confirmed.