bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Strategic Approach for Producing a PCP Well with High Flowline Pressures in a Restricted System
Authors: Persad Melissa , Ramkhalawan Nigel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A progressive cavity pump (PCP) well (S-648) remotely located in Heritage's offshore field was unable to produce since October 2018 due to high flowline pressures. This paper describes the approach that was taken to produce the well and initiatives undertaken to resolve challenges.
Analysis of the fluid properties was conducted for input into a multiphase flow simulation software. The software was utilized to determine flowline restriction and a solution to reducing flowline pressures by viscosity reduction and flowline replacement. Since subsea flowline replacement is a costly and time-consuming exercise, a laboratory viscosity evaluation was done utilizing a chemical viscosity reducer. The results were inputted into the software to determine the percentage reduction in flowline pressure for producing the well.
The chemical solution was applied despite multiple challenges. Infrastructure on the location was a challenge with no pneumatic or 110V electrical supply to operate the chemical injection pump, limited space on the well deck for a chemical tank and no access to refill the chemical tank. Initiatives were taken to resolve these challenges and commission the injection. Upon commissioning of the chemical injection system, the flowline pressure reduced by approximately 70% and the well was able to restart and sustain production until this day. The initial chemical injection rate was optimized downwards for reducing the operating costs for the well without increase in the flowline pressure.
Testing facilities were not available for this well at start up to quantify production, however pump functionality checks were being done to assure that fluid was moving through the system. The pump is capable of a flowrate of 200 barrels per day. Assuming 80% pump efficiency, the initial estimate of production gain from this initiative was approximately 70 barrels of oil per day. When testing facilities became available in February 2020, the well tested production was 172 barrels of oil per day.
This approach can be utilized to start up and produce wells with high flowline pressures in an offshore environment within a short timeframe, where restrictions are present and modifying/replacing flowlines is not possible or cost effective.
A Potential Approach for Paraffin Control for Wells in South West Trinidad Oilfields Using Wax Inhibitors and Paraffin Solvent
Authors: King Joel George , Francis-Lacroix Kyethann S. , Orosco Chenelle 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Paraffin deposition in production tubing and flow lines is a phenomenon that affects many oil producers. Once paraffin wax has precipitated there is a tendency to agglomerate peripherally to the production flow path which eventually leads to a sectional decrease in tubing or, even, flow blockage across production zones. The impact of paraffin deposition ranges from wellbore issues, flow assurance challenges to total production impairment. In many mature fields, paraffin remediation can be challenging when deposition occurs in the formation especially in near-wellbore regions of producing wells. Temperature loss at these locations induces wax crystallization and subsequent formation damage.
A mitigative approach to paraffin deposition in these areas can typically include the utilization of both paraffin inhibitors and paraffin solvents individually or in combination. However, as it pertains to paraffin remediation downhole, inhibitor placement in the formation or at near-wellbore has proven to be very challenging. This paper reviews the performance of two main chemical applications applied to address downhole wax deposition in a well from a South West Trinidad oilfield. The paper also discusses the strategy behind identifying the chemical type for the application and considerations for the placement of the chemical treatment to impact its intended target based on well data and well infrastructure.
Comprehensive Characterization and Mitigation of Hydraulic Fracturing-Induced Seismicity in Fox Creek, Alberta
Authors: Hui Gang , Chen Shengnan , Chen Zhangxin , Gu Fei , Ghoroori Mathab , Mirza Mohammad Ali 
Published: June 2021

Summary
The relationships among formation properties, fracturing operations, and induced earthquakes nucleated at distinctive moments and positions remain unclear. In this study, a complete data set on formations, seismicity, and fracturing treatments is collected in Fox Creek, Alberta, Canada. The data set is then used to characterize the induced seismicity and evaluate its susceptibility toward fracturing stimulations via integration of geology, geomechanics, and hydrology. Five mechanisms are identified to account for spatiotemporal activation of the nearby faults in Fox Creek, where all major events [with a moment magnitude (Mw) greater than 2.5] are caused by the increase in pore pressure and poroelastic stress during the fracturing operation. In addition, an integrated geological index (IGI) and a combined geomechanical index (CGI) are first proposed to indicate seismicity susceptibility, which is consistent with the spatial distribution of induced earthquakes. Finally, mitigation strategy results suggest that enlarging a hydraulic fracture-fault distance and decreasing a fracturing job size can reduce the risk of potential seismic activities.
Determinants of Burundi fertility differentials: Evidence from the 2016-17 Burundi Demographic and Health Survey.
Authors: NIBARUTA Jean Claude , ELKHOUDRI Noureddine , CHAHBOUNE Mohamed , CHEBABE Milouda , ELMADANI Saad , BAALI Abdellatif , AMOR Hakima 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Although fertility control remains a major priority for the Burundian government and most of its partners, few studies on Burundi’s fertility determinants are available to guide interventions. Our study aims to examine factors influencing Burundi’s fertility differentials using the latest Burundi Demographic and Health Survey data.
Results
In our weighted sample size of 17,269 women aged 15–49, the total number of children ever born ranged from 0 to 15 children by women with a mean of 2.7 children (Standard deviation = 2.8). Factors such as residence in rural or in Central-Eastern, western and Southern regions, illiteracy/low level of education of both husband and women, women and husband agricultural professions, household poverty, male headed households, previous experience of infant mortality, early marriage and early childbearing, lack of knowledge of any contraceptive methods, non-use of modern contraceptive methods and desire of a large number of children were identified as factors associated with a high fertility rate in Burundi.
Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that actions aimed at promoting education, especially female education, and improving child survival, women’s socioeconomic status, agriculture mechanization and increasing number and scope of family planning services could help reduce Burundi’s fertility rate.
Performance Evaluation of SiC Powder Mixed Electrical Discharge Machining: A Case of Wire Cut Mode with Re-Circulating Molybdenum Wire
Authors: Saleem Muhammad Qaiser , Naqvi Maham , Khan Sarmad Ali , Mufti Nadeem Ahmad , Ishfaq Kashif 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Review of the available literature on powder mixed electrical discharge machining (PMEDM) indicates, that most of the research has been done for “die sinking machining mode” whereas the “wire cut machining mode” has not received due attention despite being an important process variant. This work employs Silicon Carbide (SiC) powder mixed dielectric fluid for machining of AISI D2 in “wire cut” mode with re-circulating molybdenum wire (an economic and chemically stable proposition as tool). The effect of five process parameters (powder concentration, peak current, pulse on time, nozzle flushing pressure and stand-off distance) have been evaluated on surface roughness, kerf width, material removal rate and wire wear ratio using Taguchi’s approach. It is found that for surface roughness, higher current and low to moderate concentration levels (2 to 4g/l) deteriorate surface quality; higher values of pressure and stand-off distance are also seen to adversely affect it. For material removal rate, pulse on time as well as its interactions with powder concentration and current, are statistically significant. A higher pulse on with smaller and moderate powder concentrations (2g/l and 4g/l) reduces MRR. For wire wear ratio, current is the sole significant factor (PCR of ~ 65%). SEM analysis of the machined workpiece for the maximum MRR condition quantifies recast layer as ~ 19microns. An indirect comparison with the reported values for non-powdered EDM process indicates that for the similar wire (molybdenum), the use of SiC powder maintains the surface roughness and kerf values, for a much harder D2 material used in this work.
Association of Serum Fibrinogen and Plasma VEGF Levels with Tumor Characteristics and Treatment Response in Operable Breast Carcinoma.
Authors: Khowal Hemant Kumar , Yelamanchi Raghav , GUPTA NIKHIL , Goswami Binita , Jain Anju , Arora Mohinder Pal 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background and Aims:

A search for factors predicting the behavior of the tumor, its invasiveness, metastasis, response to treatment and prognosis is the primary focus of breast cancer research. The objective of the present study was to study the association of fibrinogen and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with various parameters of breast carcinoma.
Materials and methods

A case control was conducted in which fibrinogen and VEGF levels were compared between cases and controls and also with various characteristics of breast carcinoma such as T stage, lymph node positivity, grade, lymphovascular invasion and receptor status. The effect of surgery of breast cancer on fibrinogen and VEGF levels was also studied.
Results

The levels of fibrinogen and VEGF were significantly higher in cases when compared to controls (p < 0.001). Increased fibrinogen level was significantly associated with higher grade of the tumor, lymph node metastasis and lymphovascular invasion. Increased VEGF level was significantly associated with higher grade and lymphovascular invasion of the tumor. After treatment there was a statistically significant fall in the levels of the above mediators (p < 0.001).
Conclusions

Serum fibrinogen and plasma VEGF levels were significantly higher in patients of breast carcinoma and had significant association with invasiveness of the tumor.
Influence of Oral Health on Frailty in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Aged 75 Years or Older
Authors: Ishii Masaki , Yamaguchi Yasuhiro , Hamaya Hironobu , Iwata Yuko , Takada Kazufumi , Ogawa Sumito , Imura Mitsuo , Akishita Masahiro 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Poor oral health conditions are known to affect frailty in the elderly. Diabetes is a risk factor for both poor oral health and frailty, and, therefore, oral health status may affect frailty in diabetic patients more than in the general population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of oral health on frailty in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods
Patients with type 2 diabetes aged 75 years or older were included in this retrospective study. Eligible patients were surveyed by questionnaire for frailty, oral health status, and cognitive and living functions. Factors influencing pre-frailty, frailty, and individual frailty score categories were evaluated.
Results
Of the 111 patients analyzed, 66 cases (59.5%) were categorized as robust, 33 cases (29.7%) as pre-frailty, and 12 cases (4.5 %) as frailty. The oral frailty index, the cognitive and living functions score, and BMI were found to be factors influencing pre-frailty or frailty. In the evaluation of individual frailty score categories, BMI only had an influence on those with a frailty score ≤ 2. The cognitive and living functions score was a factor influencing those with frailty scores ≤ 3. The oral frailty index was found to have a significant influence on all frailty score categories.
Conclusion
Poor oral health has an influence on frailty in patients with type 2 diabetes aged ≥ 75. In this patient population, as frailty progresses, the impact of oral health on frailty may increase.
Trial registration:
This study was retrospectively registered in UMIN-CTR (UMIN000044227).
Temperature Effects of Water-Metallic Interface Energies and Their Influence on Contact Angle Test for Surface Cleanliness: A Combined Experimental and Molecular Simulation Study
Authors: Jiang Yilan , Niu Longfei , Zhou Guorui , Lv Haibin , Miao Xinxiang , Yao Caizhen , Qian Wen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
To ensure the effectiveness of the high-power-laser facilities, the cleanliness of metal parts is of significance. In this paper, molecular modelings combined with contact angle tests were performed, in order to investigate the temperature effects of water-metallic interface energies and their influence on the tests for surface cleanliness. As results, the attractive forces were found between water and metallic surfaces, in which van der Waals forces contribute most, and the energies raised with elevated temperatures from 291 K to 303 K; meanwhile, the contact angle tests show both the Al and Fe components are hydrophilic, and the contact angle reduced with elevated temperatures; furthermore, correlations can be found between the energy change and the contact angle at varying temperatures. These conclusions are helpful in the accurate testing of surface cleanliness for optical scientific facilities.
Does Additional Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Improve the Effect of Isolated Percutaneous Radiofrequency Coblation in Patients with insertional Achilles Tendinopathy? Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Song Yu-Jie , Xuan Wen-Kai , Hua Ying-Hui 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

No conclusive evidence recommends a prior treatment for insertional Achilles tendinopathy (IAT). It is theorized that both percutaneous radiofrequency coblation and extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) relieve pain within the insertion. However, no clinical evidence shows that either treatment promote the regeneration of the tendon or if the combination of these 2 interventions offer better function and less pain than one therapy.
Methods

The study is a randomized, controlled trial with patients allocated in a 1:1 ratio to one of two parallel groups. Patients with insertional Achilles tendinopathy who are not satisfied with the effect of conservative treatment will be screened. A minimum of 38 patients will be enrolled after deciding to participate in the trial on an informed basis. Then the intervention group and the control group perform radial ESWT and sham-ESWT respectively at 6 months after percutaneous radiofrequency coblation. The primary outcome will be the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment Achilles (VISA-A) Score. Secondary outcome measures will be Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) scale, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Tegner Score, and MRI ultra-short echo time (UTE) T2* value. The assessments will occur in 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years post-operatively. The differences between 2 groups will be conducted as intention-to-treat basis.
Discussion

We aim to investigate if radiofrequency coblation associated with ESWT can provide more encouraging imaging findings as well as functional and clinical outcomes regarding the treatment of the IAT comparing to the single radiofrequency coblation treatment.
Trial registration:

ChiCTR1800017898; Pre-results. Registered on 20 August 2018.
Advanced Practice Nurse Intervention Versus Usual Care For Hypertension Control: Study Protocol For An Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Vay-Demouy Juliette , Vallée Alexandre , Cinaud Alexandre , Lelong Hélène , Kretz Sandrine , Blachier Vincent , Sorbets Emmanuel , Blacher Jacques 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Hypertension is the most frequent chronic pathology in France and in the world. It is one of the main modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. In France, 50% of treated hypertensives are uncontrolled and only 30% of treated patients are fully adherent to their antihypertensive treatment. Poor adherence to drug treatments is considered as one of the main causes of non-control of hypertension. Since 2018, a new profession has entered the French healthcare system: Advanced Practice Nurses (APN). They have many broad skills, at the interface of nursing and medical exercises. The purpose of this interventional study is to assess the impact of APN on blood pressure (BP) control in the context of usual care of hypertension thanks to a better adhesion of patients and a better therapeutic alliance. Methods: The study is designed as prospective, open-label, controlled, randomized 1-to-1 and mono-centric at the Hôtel-Dieu University Hospital, Paris, France. The participants are all hypertensive and recruited during an ambulatory hospitalization (AH) for cardiovascular assessment in the context of the management of their hypertension. Patients are divided into two groups: a control group who keeps a traditional follow-up (AH then consultation with a medical doctor (MD) within approximately two to six months) and an interventional group who will see an APN between the AH and the MD consultation, within 1-3 months. Patients are followed up over six months. The main judgment criterion is BP control (BP < 135/85 mmHg in home BP measurement). The hypothesis formulated is that an individual APN intervention, included in a usual hypertension management, improves BP control. Discussion: This innovative study is a first in France where APNs are at the dawn of their establishment in the healthcare system. It will provide an objective look at this new profession and the impact it can have on the overall management of hypertension. Trial registration: This trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov on June 24, 2020: protocol number NCT0448249.
Adjuvant SOX chemotherapy versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy after D2 radical resection of locally advanced esophagogastric junction (EGJ) adenocarcinoma: study protocol for a randomized phase III trial (ARTEG)
Authors: Cheng Xiangdong , Shen Jinwen , Zhu Xiu , Du Yian , Zhu Yuan , Yu Pengfei , Yang Litao , Xu Zhiyuan , Hang Ling , Zhang Yunli , Zhang Yanqiang , Liu Luying 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSurvival benefit of adjuvant radiotherapy for locally advanced gastric cancer following gastrectomy plus D2 lymphadenectomy has always been controversial. Esophagogastric junction (EGJ) adenocarcinoma, which is usually classified as gastric cancer in East Asia, often has a higher locoregional recurrence rate after operation because of its special anatomical characteristics. The aim of this study is to determine whether adjuvant radiotherapy can improve survival of locally advanced EGJ adenocarcinoma after D2 radical resection.MethodsIn this phase III, randomized, open label, controlled trial, we plan to recruit 378 patients with Siewert type II and III adenocarcinoma of EGJ, who had undergone transabdominal radical surgery and D2 lymphadenectomy, and were divided into pathological stage IIB to IIIC. All patients will be randomized 1:1 to receive either adjuvant chemotherapy alone (control group) or adjuvant chemotherapy plus chemoradiotherapy (experimental group). Patients allocated to control group will receive eight cycles of S-1 plus oxaliplatin (SOX), while experimental group will receive two cycles of SOX followed by 45-Gy RT combined with S-1 and four additional cycles of SOX. The primary endpoint is three-year disease free survival rate (DFS). The secondary endpoints are three-year overall survival rate (OS), three-year locoregional recurrence free survival rate (LRFS), three-year distant metastasis free survival rate (DMFS), and quality of life (QoL).DiscussionIn the past, the adjuvant treatment of EGJ adenocarcinoma need to draw on the experience of esophageal adenocarcinoma or gastric adenocarcinoma. In this study, EGJ adenocarcinoma is considered as an independent disease, and the conclusion will provide evidence for optimal adjuvant therapy of locally advanced EGJ adenocarcinoma after D2 radical resection.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials, NCT03973008. Registered 1 June, 2019. (retrospectively registered), URL: https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S0008YDZ&selectaction=Edit&uid=U0000NS4&ts=2&cx=-7bsqxg
Predictive Factors of Return To Work After Hysterectomy: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Dedden Suzanne J. , Bouwsma Esther V.A. , Geomini Peggy M.A.J. , Bongers Marlies Y. , Huirne Judith A.F. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Although hysterectomy is one of the most frequently performed gynaecological surgeries, there is a dearth of evidence on perioperative care. The aim of the current study was to identify sociodemographic, surgical-related and work-related predictors of recovery following different approaches of hysterectomy.Methods: Eligible patients for this retrospective cohort study were women who underwent vaginal, abdominal or laparoscopic hysterectomy for both benign and malignant gynaecological disease in 2014 in Máxima Medical Centre in the Netherlands. The main outcome measure was full return to work (RTW). Data were collected using a patient survey. Potential prognostic factors for time to RTW were examined in univariate Cox regression analyses. The strongest prognostic factors were combined in a multivariable model.Results: In total 83 women were included. Median time to full return to work was 8 weeks (interquartile range [IQR] 6-12). The multivariable analysis showed that higher age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.053, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.012-1.095) and same day removal of indwelling catheter (HR 0.122, 95% CI 0.028-0.539) were predictors of shorter duration until full RTW after hysterectomy.Conclusions: This study provided insight in the predictors of recovery after hysterectomy. By identifying patient specific factors, pre-operative counselling can be individualized, changes can be made in perioperative care and effective interventions can be designed to target those factors.