bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigations toward a Non‐Aqueous Hybrid Redox‐Flow Battery with a Manganese‐Based Anolyte and Catholyte
Authors: Schmucker Maximilian , Gully Tyler A. , Schmidt Alexei , Schmidt Benjamin , Bromberger Kolja , Disch Joey , Butschke Burkhard , Burgenmeister Benedikt , Sonnenberg Karsten , Riedel Sebastian , Krossing Ingo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA new all‐Manganese flow battery (all‐MFB) as a non‐aqueous hybrid redox‐flow battery is reported. The discharged active material [Cat]2[MnIICl4] (Cat = organic cation) utilized in both half‐cells supports a long cycle life. The reversible oxidation of [MnIICl4]2− to [MnIIICl5]2− at the positive electrode and manganese metal deposition from [MnIICl4]2− at the negative electrode give a cell voltage of 2.59 V. Suitable electrolytes are prepared and optimized, followed by a characterization in static battery cells and in a pumped flow‐cell. Several electrode materials, solvents, and membranes are tested for their feasibility in the all‐MFB. An electrolyte consisting of [EMP]2[MnCl4] and some solvent γ‐butyrolactone is cycled 500 times, both in a static as well as a flow‐cell, over a period of two months, with coulombic efficiencies up to 83%. With the electrolytes prepared in this work, energy densities up to 74 Wh L−1 are possible, exceeding the VRFB benchmark system, using solely the cheap and abundant element manganese as the active material. Although further optimizations are necessary, this system represents a new and promising setup toward sustainable stationary energy storage.
Soil chemical attributes and nutritional status of soybean and maize intercropped with Urochloa under nitrogen rates
Authors: Ribeiro Barzan Renan , Jordão Luiz Tadeu , Firmano Ruan Francisco , Secato Thiago Rodriguero , Lima Fabio , Ribeiro Barzan Liége , de Oliveira Adilson , Castro Cesar , Alexandre Costa Crusciol Carlos , Zucareli Claudemir 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMaize (Zea mays L.) intercropping with forage plants has been adopted with the main goal of promoting benefits on soil physical properties. However, a better understanding of soil chemical attributes and crops nutrition under this system is necessary. The objective was to verify whether intercropping maize with Urochloa ruziziensis (Germ. & Evrard) Crins, a tropical forage grass originating in Africa, associated with N rates, could provide modifications on soil chemical attributes and nutritional status of maize and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grown in succession. The experiment was carried out for three agricultural years at field conditions in a Rhodic Hapludox soil under no‐till system in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Fall/winter (March–August) maize cropping systems, sole or intercropped with U. ruziziensis, were associated with four nitrogen (N) rates (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha–1 N) applied as ammonium nitrate (30% N). The soil chemical attributes were not influenced by the factors studied. The N rates linearly increased phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), and copper (Cu) concentrations in maize leaves by 29, 30, and 49%, respectively, whereas for soybeans, only the concentration of manganese was raised by 15%. Maize leaf calcium was linearly reduced with N rates only when sole cropped, up to 15%. The cropping systems did not influence nutrient concentrations in soybean leaves; however, maize leaf concentrations of P within 80 and 120 kg ha–1 of N, as well as potassium, S, and Cu at all N rates, were reduced in 9, 6.5, 6.5, and 8%, respectively.
Delineating the Smith‐Kingsmore syndrome phenotype: Investigation of 16 patients with the MTOR c.5395G > A p.(Glu1799Lys) missense variant
Authors: Poole Rebecca L. , Curry Philippa D. K. , Marcinkute Ruta , Brewer Carole , Coman David , Hobson Emma , Johnson Diana , Lynch Sally Ann , Saggar Anand , Searle Claire , Scurr Ingrid , Turnpenny Peter D. , Vasudevan Pradeep , Tatton‐Brown Katrina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSmith‐Kingsmore Syndrome (SKS) is a rare genetic syndrome associated with megalencephaly, a variable intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, and MTOR gain of function variants. Only 30 patients with MTOR missense variants are published, including 14 (47%) with the MTOR c.5395G>A p.(Glu1799Lys) variant. Limited phenotypic data impacts the quality of information delivered to families and the robustness of interpretation of novel MTOR missense variation. This study aims to improve our understanding of the SKS phenotype through the investigation of 16 further patients with the MTOR c.5395G>A p.(Glu1799Lys) variant. Through the careful phenotypic evaluation of these 16 patients and integration with data from 14 previously reported patients, we have defined major (100% patients) and frequent (>15%) SKS clinical characteristics and, using these data, proposed guidance for evidence‐based management. In addition, in the absence of functional studies, we suggest that the combination of the SKS major clinical features of megalencephaly (where the head circumference is at least 3SD) and an intellectual disability with a de novo MTOR missense variant (absent from population databases) should be considered diagnostic for SKS.
Tracheal tube obstruction as a complication of transoesophageal echocardiography
Authors: Davies E. A. , Templeton R. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryComplications of transoesophageal echocardiography are numerous and may have serious consequences. We present the case of a 31‐year‐old woman with postoperative airway obstruction secondary to a transesophageal echocardiography probe. The patient had been admitted with acute myocarditis and required temporary mechanical support with a biventricular assist device. She deteriorated on the intensive care unit several hours later with hypoxaemia, high airway pressures and reduced tidal volumes. Sedation was adequate and no external obstruction in the breathing circuit was observed. The tracheal tube was noted to be permanently deformed in the oropharynx, causing airway obstruction. Tracheal tube exchange was required, and the patient recovered from the event. We suspect that the position of the transoesophageal echocardiography probe in the operating theatre had contributed to the deformity, and the presence of airway obstruction was masked by the reduced ventilatory parameters instituted while on mechanical circulatory support. The biventricular assistance devices were explanted subsequently, and the patient was discharged home on day 31. This is the first reported case of a kinked tracheal tube where transoesophageal echocardiography probe placement was suspected to have contributed. A high index of suspicion is required for this complication on the intensive care unit.
Marine spatial plans focusing on biodiversity conservation: The case of the Aegean Sea
Authors: Markantonatou Vasiliki , Giakoumi Sylvaine , Koukourouvli Nikoletta , Maina Irida , Gonzalez‐Mirelis Genoveva , Sini Maria , Maistrelis Kostas , Stithou Mavra , Gadolou Eleni , Petza Dimitra , Kavadas Stefanos , Vassilopoulou Vasiliki , Buhl‐Mortensen Lene , Katsanevakis Stelios 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe expansion and intensification of marine uses have severe cumulative impacts on marine ecosystems and human well‐being, unless they are properly managed with an ecosystem‐based management approach.A systematic conservation planning approach, usingmarxan with zones, was applied to generate alternative marine spatial plans for the Aegean Sea. Relevant human uses were included and their cumulative impact on a wide set of key biodiversity features was considered in the analysis. Different cost scenarios were developed to gain insight on the effects of the approaches used to assess socio‐economic factors, and their potential impact on spatial plans.The spatial plans generated differed greatly depending on the method used to estimate opportunity costs and evaluate human activities in monetary terms.The vulnerability weights (the relative vulnerability of ecological features to specific human activities and their impacts) that were estimated based on a cumulative impact assessment, allowed the assessment of each zone in contributing to the achievement of conservation targets, through a transparent planning approach.Results indicate that special care should be given to how socio‐economic activities, their impact on the ecosystems, and related costs are incorporated into planning.The proposed approach demonstrates how EU member states may effectively comply with the new Biodiversity Strategy 2030 targets, while planning for the sustainable use of their marine resources.
Model‐free control of mechatronic systems based on algebraic estimation
Authors: Pereira das Neves Gabriel , Augusto Angélico Bruno 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the practical application of a class of model‐free control considering the algebraic estimation approach. Two mechatronic systems are considered: a reaction wheel inverted pendulum (RWIP) and a two degree‐of‐freedom (2‐DOF) helicopter. For the RWIP, since it is under‐actuated, it is proposed a modified ultra‐local model including a feedback of the reaction wheel velocity, and then, the algebraic estimator obtains the parameters of this ultra‐local model around the unstable equilibrium point. For the 2‐DOF helicopter, the ultra‐local model is estimated during a tracking task in a wide range of operation. Some insights on how to choose the fixed parameters of controller are presented. Simulation and practical results corroborate the efficiency of the method, without needing any information on the systems' dynamics.
The Effects of Static Magnetic Field on Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Mice
Authors: Shan Yue , Han Han , Zhu Jingyi , Yan Xinyu , Zhang Xiaoqi , Long Hu , Jian Fan , Li Xiaolong , Wang Yan , Lai Wenli 
Published: May 2021

The application of static magnetic field (SMF) has been considered an effective and noninvasive method to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of SMF on orthodontic tooth movement in mice. A total of 105 Balb/c mice (body mass: 25–30 g) were divided into experimental group (SMF + force, 48), control group (force only, 48), and blank group (neither SMF nor force, 9). After the placement of orthodontic appliances, the experimental group was exposed to the SMF environment generated by Neodymium–iron–boron (NdFeB) magnets with an intensity of 20–204 mT. At 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after appliance insertion, eight animals in both experimental and control groups were sacrificed and the left maxillae were dissected to measure the distance of tooth movement, respectively. Meanwhile, the width of periodontal ligament (PDL), length of hyalinized zone, and the number of osteoclasts were evaluated by hematoxylin–eosin and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase staining. We finally found that the experimental group demonstrated an enhanced rate and greater cumulative amount of tooth movement than the control group (0.2887 ± 0.0041 mm vs. 0.2114 ± 0.0089 mm, P < 0.05). On Days 7, 14, and 28, the experimental group also displayed a significantly greater width of PDL. Earlier formation and removal of the hyalinized zone, and significantly more osteoclasts were observed in the experimental group as well. The results suggested that SMF may be a promising nonsurgical intervention to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement. © 2021 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
Highly sensitive and selective detection of melamine in dairy products by turn‐on fluorescence of ultrathin graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets
Authors: Liu Zixuan , Zhang Zijun , Li Yuxin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere is an important and realistic need to develop a practical sensor for melamine in dairy products that is highly sensitive and selective. However, the complicated composition and environment in milk necessitate the use of a stable luminophore as the sensor, as well as excellent photophysical properties. Here, ultrathin graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet (CNNS) was prepared by successive thermal polymerization and acid exfoliation. The photophysical properties of CNNS include its strong ultraviolet absorption and intense blue‐light emission. Notably, CNNS could act as a chemo‐sensor to detect trace melamine in dairy products. The high stability, eminent sensitivity, powerful selectivity, and competitiveness all substantiate the findings that this CNNS luminophore is a promising sensor for melamine in dairy products, and has potential practical value for monitoring milk quality.
Innovation and the circular economy: A systematic literature review
Authors: Suchek Nathalia , Fernandes Cristina I. , Kraus Sascha , Filser Matthias , Sjögrén Helena 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe circular economy emerged as an alternative model to the linear system, which now appears to be reaching its physical limitations. To transition to a circular economy, companies must not only be aware of but also engage in more sustainable practices. For such a transition, companies must rethink and innovate their business models and the ways they propose value to their clients while simultaneously considering environmental and social facets. This systematic literature review sought to map out from the company perspective the key topics interrelated with innovation and the circular economy, describing the internal and external factors to consider in such transition processes. Key lines of research were identified, and suggestions for future research and for facilitating movement toward a circular economy are provided. This work contributes to deepening the literature by identifying the priority areas concerning the circular economy and encouraging future research that meets international standards of excellence.
Improving companies' impacts on sustainable development: A nexus approach to the SDGS
Authors: van Zanten Jan Anton , van Tulder Rob 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCompanies play a decisive role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, most of the world's sustainable development challenges are interconnected and systemic in their nature. How can companies ensure that their strategies effectively contribute to sustainable development? This interdisciplinary paper draws from the social‐ecological systems, corporate sustainability, and sustainability sciences literatures, in order to introduce a nexus approach to corporate sustainability. A nexus approach induces companies to assess and manage their positive and negative interactions with the SDGs—which may arise directly and indirectly—in an integrated manner. Instead of treating SDGs as isolated silos, a nexus approach aims to advance multiple SDGs simultaneously (creating “co‐benefits”) while reducing the risk that contributions to one SDG undermine progress on another (avoiding “trade‐offs”). Through managing the interactions between the SDGs, a nexus approach to corporate sustainability enables companies to improve their societal and environmental impacts. This nexus approach is a step towards developing a theory of sustainability management that helps companies improve their impacts on sustainable development. Such systemic corporate sustainability strategies are sorely needed to drive progress towards achieving the SDGs and to safeguard companies from “SDG‐washing.”
Toward understanding embodied human‐virtual character interaction through virtual and tactile hugging
Authors: Cui Dixuan , Kao Dominic , Mousas Christos 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis between‐group study investigated participants' experiences of tactile feedback patterns when asked to hug a virtual character. Five experimental conditions were developed, one with no tactile feedback and four with tactile feedback. The participants were placed in a virtual city and informed they would be meeting a virtual friend, who they were instructed to hug once the character came close to them. During the virtual hug, one of the five experimental conditions was examined. Immediately after the hug, participants were asked to complete a questionnaire to capture their experiences. The results obtained from this study indicated that: (1) even if the tactile feedback is not considered to be highly accurate in terms of timing, duration, and position, as long as it is perceived as less persistent, it provides a more positive experience; (2) the perceived realism of the virtual hug is strongly correlated with the perceived realism of the tactile feedback; and (3) the female participants had a more intense interaction with the virtual character (friend) compared with the male participants. Limitations and future study directions are discussed.
Aqueous lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: von Wald Cresce Arthur , Xu Kang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAqueous electrolytes were once the rule for the battery industry. Until the advent of lithium ion batteries, a majority of commercially relevant batteries utilized water as the solvent for ion exchange. The development of the intercalation‐based lithium ion battery upended the industrial aqueous electrolyte paradigm: the high energy density of the lithium‐ion battery was revolutionary but required the use of organic electrolytes capable of passivating strongly redox active electrodes. With the safety of organic electrolytes becoming an issue in the early 1990s, a small community re‐examined aqueous electrolytes for lithium ion batteries. The first such audacious attempt was by Dahn et al., who conceptualized an aqueous lithium‐ion battery chemistry based on electrode materials suitable for the narrow electrochemical stability window of water, sacrificing energy density and cycle life for safety and low cost. The concept of an aqueous lithium‐ion battery was revived in the mid‐2010s with “highly concentrated” electrolytes, expanding the electrochemical stability window of water to regions comparable with nonaqueous electrolytes. Since then, significant efforts have been made around the world, aiming to understand the nature of the interfacial stability in those high‐concentration electrolytes as well as to further make the system viable for practical batteries. This review summarizes these efforts in this emerging frontier of new battery chemistries.
Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of a Series of 1,5‐Diaryl‐1,2,3‐triazole‐4‐carbohydrazones as Inhibitors of the YAP‐TAZ/TEAD Complex
Authors: Gibault Floriane , Sturbaut Manon , Coevoet Mathilde , Pugnière Martine , Burtscher Ashley , Allemand Frédéric , Melnyk Patricia , Hong Wanjin , Rubin Brian P. , Pobbati Ajaybabu V. , Guichou Jean‐François , Cotelle Philippe , Bailly Fabrice 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStarting from our previously reported hit, a series of 1,5‐diaryl‐1,2,3‐triazole‐4‐carbohydrazones were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of the YAP/TAZ‐TEAD complex. Their binding to hTEAD2 was confirmed by nanodifferential scanning fluorimetry, and some of the compounds were also found to moderately disrupt the YAP‐TEAD interaction, as assessed by a fluorescence polarization assay. A TEAD luciferase gene reporter assay performed in HEK293T cells and RTqPCR measurements in MDA‐MB231 cells showed that these compounds inhibit YAP/TAZ‐TEAD activity to cells in the micromolar range. In spite of the cytotoxic effects displayed by some of the compounds of this series, they are still good starting points and can be suitably modified into an effective and viable YAP‐TEAD disruptor in the future.
SET and HAT/PCET acid‐mediated oxidation processes in helical shaped fused bis‐phenothiazines
Authors: Amorati Riccardo , Valgimigli Luca , Baschieri Andrea , Guo Yafang , Mollica Fabio , Menichetti Stefano , Lupi Michela , Viglianisi Caterina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHelical shaped fused bis‐phenothiazines 1–9 have been prepared and their red‐ox behaviour quantitatively studied. Helicene radical cations (Hel.+) can be obtained either by UV‐irradiation in the presence of PhCl or by chemical oxidation. The latter process is extremely sensitive to the presence of acids in the medium with molecular oxygen becoming a good single electron transfer (SET) oxidant. The reaction of hydroxy substituted helicenes 5–9 with peroxyl radicals (ROO.) occurs with a ‘classical’ HAT process giving HelO. radicals with kinetics depending upon the substitution pattern of the aromatic rings. In the presence of acetic acid, a fast medium‐promoted proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) process takes place with formation of HelO. radicals possibly also via a helicene radical cation intermediate. Remarkably, also helicenes 1–4, lacking phenoxyl groups, in the presence of acetic acid react with peroxyl radicals through a medium‐promoted PCET mechanism with formation of the radical cations Hel.+. Along with the synthesis, EPR studies of radicals and radical cations, BDE of Hel‐OH group (BDEOH), and kinetic constants (kinh) of the reactions with ROO. species of helicenes 1–9 have been measured and calculated to afford a complete rationalization of the redox behaviour of these appealing chiral compounds.
Japan’s Special Approval for Emergency System During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Maeda Hideki 
Published: May 2021

The development of drugs for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a global challenge. In Japan, remdesivir was approved in May 2020 for COVID‐19 caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. In February 2021, a vaccine against COVID‐19 was approved. These two approvals were made using the Special Approval for Emergency system in Japan. This Japanese system was started in 2010 and has been used to approve four drugs to date, including remdesivir and the Pfizer COVID‐19 vaccine. This paper discusses future challenges for Japan's Special Approval for Emergency system and organizes what can be learned from experiences to date. As a result, I would like to point Out the following issues. (i) Special Approval for Emergency is a system for approving drugs approved overseas, not a system for approving drugs originally developed in Japan. A system to approve drugs that have not been approved in foreign countries needs to be considered. (ii) In the Special Approval for Emergency system, it is necessary to ensure that postmarketing activities are conducted in accordance with the Risk Management Plan and the conditions of approval, to disclose the results in a timely and speedy manner, and to judge the appropriateness of continued approval based on the results of postmarketing activities.
The relationship of semantic intrusions to different etiological subtypes of MCI and cognitively healthy older adults
Authors: Kitaigorodsky Marcela , Crocco Elizabeth , Curiel‐Cid Rosie E. , Leal Giselle , Zheng Diane , Eustache Melissa K. , Greig‐Custo Maria T. , Barker William , Duara Ranjan , Loewenstein David A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroduction: There is increasing evidence that susceptibility to proactive semantic interference (PSI) and the failure to recover from PSI (frPSI) as evidenced by intrusion errors may be early cognitive markers of both preclinical and prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods: One hundred forty‐five participants were administered extensive clinical and neuropsychological evaluations including the Loewenstein‐Acevedo Scales for Semantic Interference and Learning (LASSI‐L), a sensitive cognitive stress test measuring PSI and frPSI. Participants also underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and amyloid positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging.Results: PSI and frPSI errors were much more prevalent in the mild cognitive impairment (MCI)‐AD (amyloid positive) group than the other diagnostic groups. The number of intrusion errors observed across the other MCI groups without amyloid pathology and those with normal cognition were comparable.Discussion: Semantic intrusion errors on the LASSI‐L occur much less frequently in persons who have different types of non–AD‐related MCI and may be used as an early cognitive marker of prodromal AD.