bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helicobacter pylori knowledge and perception among multi‐ethnic Asians
Authors: Teng Thomas Zheng Jie , Sudharsan Madhavan , Yau Joachim Wen Kien , Tan Weiting , Shelat Vishalkumar G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori (HP) infection is endemic and causes peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. There is a lack of data related to awareness of the general public about HP and associated health risks. The objective of this study was to investigate the awareness and public perceptions about HP and the attitudes towards screening.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included a structured 19‐item questionnaire targeting members of the general public at a restructured acute hospital in Singapore.ResultsOut of 504 participants, 152 (30.2%) were aware of HP. Higher education was associated with HP awareness (p < 0.001, OR 7.4, 95% CI 1.6–32.6). A third, 175 (34.7%) of the respondents identified the stomach as the primary site of infection. 131 (26.0%) respondents identified the fecal‐oral route as a mode of transmission. 178 (35.3%) respondents were aware of available screening modalities, with around half of them willing to be screened with blood (n = 256, 50.8%) or breath tests (n = 265, 52.6%). 430 (85.3%) participants were keen to learn more about HP, and this was associated with age (p < 0.05, OR 3.9, 95% CI 2.1–7.1).ConclusionAwareness about HP infection is low, and acceptance of screening tests is high. Educational efforts are needed to improve awareness.
Effects of patient decision aids in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Zimeng , Jin Yinghui , Lu Cui , Luo Ruzhen , Wang Jiayao , Liu Yanhui 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of patient decision aids on knowledge, decisional conflict and decisional self‐efficacy outcomes in patients with diabetes.MethodsA comprehensive database search was performed using the Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO (Ovid), CINAHL (EBASCO), CNKI, VIP, Wan Fang Database and the Ottawa Decision Aid Library Inventory (http://decisionaid.ohri.ca/index.html) from inception to 13 October 2019. Two reviewers independently searched databases, screened articles, extracted data and evaluated the risk bias of included studies. Then Rev Man 5.3 software was adopted for statistical analysis.ResultsTen articles containing 1,452 people with diabetes were selected. The results of meta‐analysis showed that patient decision aids had a positive effect on reducing decisional conflict and improving decisional self‐efficacy among patients with type 2 diabetes. Meanwhile, this article also revealed that patient decision aids have beneficial short‐term effects on improving knowledge, but there was no significant long‐term effect.ConclusionPatient decision aids are capable of becoming support tools to improve shared decision making. Further implementation studies are required to transform patient decision aids tools into clinical practice.
Outcomes of non‐cystic fibrosis‐related bronchiectasis post‐lung transplantation
Authors: Kennedy Jessica L. , Walker Anne , Ellender Claire M. , Steinfort Kate , Martin Catherine , Smith Catherine , Snell Gregory , Whitford Helen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundLung transplantation is a recognised treatment for end‐stage lung disease due to bronchiectasis. Non‐cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis and CF are often combined into one cohort; however, outcomes for non‐CF bronchiectasis patients vary between centres, and in comparison with those for CF.AimsTo compare lung transplantation mortality and morbidity of bronchiectasis (non‐CF) patients with those with CF and other indications.MethodsRetrospective analysis of patients undergoing lung transplantation between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2013. Time to and cause of lung allograft loss was censored on 1 April 2018. A case‐note review was conducted on a subgroup of 78 patients, to analyse hospital admissions as a marker of morbidity.ResultsA total of 341 patients underwent lung transplantation; 22 (6%) had bronchiectasis compared with 69 (20%) with CF. The 5‐year survival for the bronchiectasis group was 32%, compared with CF (69%), obstructive lung disease (OLD) (64%), pulmonary hypertension (62%) and ILD (55%) (P = 0.008). Lung allograft loss due to chronic lung allograft dysfunction with predominant infection was significantly higher in the bronchiectasis group at 2 years. The rate of acute admissions was 2.24 higher in the bronchiectasis group when compared with OLD (P = 0.01). Patients with bronchiectasis spent 45.81 days in hospital per person year after transplantation compared with 18.21 days for CF.ConclusionsBronchiectasis patients in the present study had a lower 5‐year survival and poorer outcomes in comparison with other indications including CF. Bronchiectasis should be considered a separate entity to CF in survival analysis.
Gastric mucosal changes, and sex differences therein, after Helicobacter pylori eradication: A long‐term prospective follow‐up study
Authors: Kodama Masaaki , Okimoto Tadayoshi , Mizukami Kazuhiro , Hirashita Yuka , Wada Yasuhiro , Fukuda Masahide , Matsunari Osamu , Okamoto Kazuhisa , Ogawa Ryo , Fukuda Kensuke , Kudo Yoko , Kawahara Yoshinari , Murakami Kazunari 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and AimImprovement of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia (IM) is considered to reduce the gastric cancer risk, but whether it can be achieved by H. pylori eradication (HPE) remains controversial. To evaluate the effect of HPE, we observed the gastric mucosa for up to17 years after HPE and sex differences in gastric mucosa.MethodsIn total, 172 patients (94 males, 78 females) with HPE were enrolled. Annual histological evaluations were performed for up to 17 years. The grades of mononuclear cells, neutrophils, atrophy, IM in the antrum and corpus were evaluated using the updated Sydney system.ResultsRelative to the pre‐HPE period, atrophy had improved significantly 1 year after HPE in the antrum (1.50 ± 0.75 vs. 1.21 ± 1.25, P < 0.01) and corpus (0.59 ± 0.75 vs. 0.18 ± 0.52, P < 0.05). IM showed no significant change during 17 years after HPE at either biopsy site. Atrophy scores did not differ significantly between males and females. IM scores were significantly higher in males than in females before eradication (antrum, 0.67 ± 0.94 vs. 0.44 ± 0.77, P = 0.003, corpus, 0.20 ± 0.62 vs. 0.047 ± 0.21, P = 0.0027) and at most observation timepoints.ConclusionsDuring 17 years after HPE, atrophy, but not IM, improved significantly at the greater curvatures of the antrum and corpus. IM was significantly more severe in males than in females. Careful follow‐up after HPE based on sex differences in gastric mucosal characteristics is important.
N‐glycosylation of the human neuropeptide QRFP receptor (QRFPR) is essential for ligand binding and receptor activation
Authors: Wang Weiwei , Tian Yanan , Shi Xiaoliu , Ma Qiang , Xu Yue , Yang Gangjie , Yi Wen , Shi Ying , Zhou Naiming 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe newly identified pyroglutamylated RFamide peptide (QRFP) signaling system has been shown to be implicated in regulating a variety of physiological processes. G‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) are preferentially N‐glycosylated on extracellular domains. The human QRFP receptor QRFPR (GPR103) possesses three N‐glycosylation consensus sites, two located on the N‐terminal domain (N5 and N19) and one on the first extracellular loop (ECL1) (N106); however, to date, their role in QRFPR expression and signaling has not been established. Here, we combined mutants with glutamine substitution of the critical asparagines of the consensus sites with glycosidase PNGase F and N‐glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin to study the effect of N‐glycosylation in the regulation of QRFPR cell surface expression and signaling. Western blot analysis performed with site‐directed mutagenesis revealed that two asparagines at N19 in the N‐terminus and N106 in ECL1, but not N5 in the N‐terminus, served as sites for N‐glycosylation. Treatment with PNGase F and tunicamycin resulted in a reduction in both two‐protein species, ~43 kDa and ~85 kDa in size, by 2–4 kDa. Analysis with confocal microscopy and quantitative ELISA showed that N‐glycosylation of QRFPR is not essentially required for targeting the cell membrane. However, further binding assay and functional assays demonstrated that removal of N‐glycosylation sequons or treatment with tunicamycin led to significant impairments in the interaction of receptor with QRFP26 and downstream signaling. Thus, our findings suggest that for the human QRFP receptor (QRFPR), N‐glycosylation is not important for cell surface expression but is a pre‐requisite for ligand binding and receptor activation.
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Effect of dermal fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells seeded on an amniotic membrane scaffold in skin regeneration: A case series
Authors: Hashemi Seyedeh‐Sara , Mohammadi Ali Akbar , Moshirabadi Kasra , Zardosht Mitra 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundSkin wound healing has always been a challenging subject as it involves the coordinated functioning of various cells and molecules. Any disorder in wound healing can cause healing failure and result in chronic wounds. In this study, we hypothesized that co‐cultured dermal fibroblasts (DFs) and Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ‐MSCs) seeded on an acellular amniotic membrane scaffold could be used to promote skin regeneration in chronic ulcers.Materials and MethodsIn this case series, the chronic wounds of five diabetic patients aged between 30 and 60 years were treated with co‐cultured WJ‐MSCs and DFs seeded on an acellular amniotic membrane. Treatment was applied and the wound healing process was evaluated every three days for nine days, with the patients being subsequently followed up for one month. The wound healing percentage, time taken for the wound to heal, and wound size were monitored.ResultsThe mean wound healing rate (WHR) increased progressively in all lesions. The mean percentage of wound healing after transplantation of the biological scaffold enriched with WJ‐MSCs and autologous DFs after treatment was 93.92%, respectively. The healing percentage significantly increased after three days; significant decreases in wound size and healing time were recorded after six and nine days of treatment, respectively (p < 0.002); and total skin regeneration and re‐epithelialization were achieved by the ninth day of treatment. There were no side effects or complications.ConclusionGiven the current problems and complications presented by chronic wounds, Novel Clinical approaches involving cell therapy and tissue engineering can be regarded as an attractive therapeutic option for the treatment of chronic and difficult‐to‐heal wounds.
You Speak, I Speak: The Social‐Cognitive Mechanisms of Voice Contagion
Authors: Ng Thomas W. H. , Lucianetti Lorenzo , Hsu Dennis Y. , Yim Frederick H. K. , Sorensen Kelly L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study examines whether and how constructive voice (i.e., suggestions intended to promote positive changes at work) is contagious. Guided by social cognitive theory, we propose that witnessing a co‐worker’s voice increases an employee’s propensity to engage in voice via two parallel psychological mechanisms: voice self‐efficacy beliefs and voice instrumentality beliefs. Data collected from a vignette experiment (N = 661), an experience‐recall experiment (N = 548), and a field study (N = 549) provide evidence supporting the proposed voice contagion. The results also suggest that voice contagion is activated by witnessing the voice of any co‐worker, as the evidence supported voice contagion even when controlling for employees’ evaluations of co‐workers’ warmth and competence. Thus, this study contributes to the voice literature by identifying social learning from co‐worker voice as a crucial relational antecedent of employee voice and revealing two possible processes by which voice spreads in the workplace.
Randomized Controlled Trial to Increase Physical Activity Among Hispanic‐American Middle School Students
Authors: Arlinghaus Katherine R. , Ledoux Tracey A. , Johnston Craig A. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDModerate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) declines during adolescence, particularly among girls. In this randomized control trial, we examined MVPA in a physical activity intervention compared to physical education (PE) class as usual (TAU), stratified by sex and weight classification. Standardized BMI (zBMI) overtime was also examined.METHODSHispanic‐American middle school students (N = 193) were recruited from a school district in Houston, Texas. Participants were randomized to either a circuit‐based physical activity intervention or TAU (PE class as usual). MVPA was assessed using accelerometry at baseline and 6 months. Repeated measures ANCOVA were conducted to examine changes in MVPA, overall and stratified by sex and weight classification. This procedure was repeated for zBMI.RESULTSParticipants were 12.10 ± 0.63 years old and 53% were girls. Overall those in intervention increased weekday MVPA more than TAU (F(1,190) = 7.03, p < .01). Intervention girls increased weekday MVPA; whereas TAU girls decreased weekday MVPA (F(1,99) = 7.36, p < .01). Among those with obesity, there was no difference in MVPA between conditions (F(1, 56) = 0.33, p = .57), but Intervention decreased zBMI significantly more than TAU (F(1, 56) = 6.16, p < .05).CONCLUSIONSStructured PE classes grounded in behavioral theory may be an important strategy to prevent typical decreases in MVPA during adolescence, particularly among girls and for youth with obesity.
In sacco evaluation of ruminal degradability of isoflavones from full‐fat soybean and extracted soybean meal—A pilot study
Authors: Křížová Ludmila , Němcová Zuzana , Dadáková Kateřina , Chrenková Mária 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine the ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM), daidzein, genistein, glycitein and total isoflavones in ground full‐fat soybean (GFFS) and solvent‐extracted soybean meal (SSBM) using the in sacco method. The experiment was carried out in three replications on ruminally cannulated sheep that were fed twice a day with a diet consisted of hay and supplemental mixture (6:4, DM basis). The nylon bags with 2 g feed samples ground to 2 mm were incubated in the rumen for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 h. The effective degradability (ED) of DM, daidzein, genistein, glycitein and total isoflavones was calculated at outflow rate of 0.06 h. The ED of DM in GFFS was 77.8% and was higher than in SSBM being 71.8% (p < 0.001). The ED of daidzein (96.8%) and genistein (93.6%) was higher for SSBM compared with GFFS (93.9% and 92.8%, p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively) while ED of glycitein was lower for SSBM than for GFFS (75.5 and 81.7%, respectively, p < 0.001). All isoflavones in the incubations were extensively degraded in the rumen, and regardless of dietary source, they were almost completely degraded after 16 h of incubation. Further, the disappearance patterns, that is the functions describing the time courses of the analyte disappearance, were assessed. The disappearance patterns of daidzein, genistein, glycitein and total isoflavones were similar and showed greater disappearance of mentioned isoflavones from SSBM compared to GFFS (p < 0.001 for daidzein, genistein and total isoflavones and p = 0.002 for glycitein). The study provides knowledge on the effect of processing on degradability of isoflavones in rumen that can be used to clarify the interrelationship between isoflavones and rumen microbiota.
Tryptophan in poultry nutrition: Impacts and mechanisms of action
Authors: Fouad Ahmed Mohamed , El‐Senousey HebatAllah Kasem , Ruan Dong , Wang Shuang , Xia Weiguang , Zheng Chuntian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMany studies have shown that productivity, immune system, antioxidant status, and meat and egg quality can be optimized by dietary supplementation with amino acids that are not usually added to poultry diets. Understanding the effects of these amino acids may encourage feed manufacturers and poultry producers to include them as additives. One of these amino acids is tryptophan (Trp). The importance of Trp is directly related to its role in protein anabolism and indirectly related to its metabolites such as serotonin and melatonin. Thus, Trp could affect the secretion of hormones, development of immune organs, meat and egg production, and meat and egg quality in poultry raised under controlled or stressed conditions. Therefore, this review discusses the main roles of Trp in poultry production and its mode (s) of action in order to help poultry producers decide whether they need to add Trp to poultry diets. Further areas of research are also identified to address information gaps.
Effects of phenylbutazone alone or in combination with a nutritional therapeutic on gastric ulcers, intestinal permeability, and fecal microbiota in horses
Authors: Whitfield‐Cargile Canaan M. , Coleman Michelle C. , Cohen Noah D. , Chamoun‐Emanuelli Ana M. , DeSolis Cristobal Navas , Tetrault Taylor , Sowinski Ryan , Bradbery Amanda , Much Mattea 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundGastrointestinal (GI) injury and dysbiosis are adverse events associated with nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) use in horses. Phenylbutazone has been shown to alter GI barrier function both in vitro and ex vivo, but its effects on barrier function have not been assessed in vivo. In addition, the ability of nutritional therapeutics to prevent these changes is not known.ObjectiveOur objectives were to determine whether (a) phenylbutazone affected barrier function in vivo and (b) if phenylbutazone‐induced GI injury could be ameliorated by the use of a nutritional therapeutic.AnimalsThirty healthy horses were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n = 10 per group): control, phenylbutazone, or phenylbutazone plus nutritional therapeutic.MethodsThis study was conducted as a blinded, randomized block design. All horses were managed identically throughout the study period. Samples were collected throughout the study period to monitor fecal microbiota changes and gastric ulcers before and after treatment. Quantification of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene in blood was used as a marker of intestinal permeability.ResultsPhenylbutazone increased amounts of bacterial 16S rDNA in circulation 3.02‐fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.1.89‐4.17), increased gastric ulceration score by a mean of 1.1 grade (P = .02), and induced specific changes in the microbiota, including loss of Pseudobutyrivibrio of family Lachnospiraceae. These changes were attenuated by nutritional treatment.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCollectively, these findings suggest that phenylbutazone induces GI injury, including impaired barrier function, and that nutritional treatment could attenuate these changes.
Denning, metabolic suppression, and the realisation of ecological opportunities in Ursidae
Authors: Fowler Nicholas L. , Spady Thomas J. , Wang Guiming , Leopold Bruce D. , Belant Jerrold L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThrough realisation of ecological opportunities, populations and species can experience relaxed selection pressures, facilitating ecological release and leading to rapid speciation and morphological diversification. Behavioural plasticity in response to environmental change contributes to diversification by exposing individuals to novel conditions through their interactions with resources or dispersal to new areas. Despite strong theoretical support, demonstrations of this evolutionary process are rare.The family Ursidae is the product of one or more adaptive radiations following the Miocene–Pliocene transition. Denning behaviour associated with over‐winter seclusion, fasting, and parturition coinciding with seasonally decreased food availability appears to be paraphyletic in Ursidae phylogenies. However, female bears of all species undergo varying degrees of seclusion and fasting during parturition and early post‐natal care, which is not consistent with periods of seasonally decreased food availability. As denning behaviour is tightly linked to fitness through energetics and reproduction, these behaviours are suspected to be under strong selection. Mechanisms responsible for the observed variability among species, populations, and individuals have not been explored.In this review, we detail the evolutionary history of extinct and extant Ursidae regarding expression of denning behaviour and as a function of realised ecological opportunities. We compare behaviours across Ursidae and contextualise our results within extant species ecology.We demonstrate the role of relaxed extrinsic and intrinsic factors in the expression of metabolic suppression among Ursidae species, and across populations and reproductive groups, through the realisation of ecological opportunities. In doing so, we propose a more refined consideration of and perspective on this behaviour and provide a mechanism for the adaptive radiation in Ursidae.
Effect of calcined lime (CaO) on chlamydospores of the rice false smut pathogen, Villosiclava virens, and their root attachment and infection
Authors: Nakajima Hirokazu , Mitsunaga Takayuki , Ashizawa Taketo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRice false smut caused by Villosiclava virens is a devastating disease. The smut balls contain chlamydospores, which fall onto paddy soils to become the primary inoculum. After transplanting, the chlamydospores subsequently germinate and infect rice roots. The application of a CaO‐containing fertilizer to paddy soils can inhibit the development of rice false smut disease; however, the underlying mechanism is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the suppression of chlamydospore behaviour due to CaO. Specifically, we clarified the effects of the following on chlamydospore morphology and germination: (a) pH, (b) calcium (Ca) concentration, (c) Ca concentration (pH adjusted to 6.5), and (d) CaO‐added soil solution. Germination was suppressed at pH 4 and 10, in contrast with the normal germination at pH 6, 7, and 8. Treatments with more than 10 mg/L Ca melted the outer layer of chlamydospores and suppressed germination regardless of whether the pH was adjusted to 6.5. A saturated CaO solution induced bursting of chlamydospores. Suppressed germination and a melted outer chlamydospore layer were also observed, even though the soil buffering effect initially prevented the CaO‐mediated pH increase. Furthermore, the chlamydospores within 15 mm from the CaO small lump exhibited suppressed germination in soil. In addition, there was no effect of CaO treatment on chlamydospore attachment to rice roots and hyphal invasion of rice roots in in vitro inoculation tests. These results suggest that Ca concentration is an important factor for inhibiting the occurrence of rice false smut disease.