bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of a gamified project based on historical thinking on the academic performance of primary school children
Authors: Martínez-Hita María , Gómez-Carrasco Cosme Jesús , Miralles-Martínez Pedro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHistory education research has long defended a transformation of the teaching and learning process in order to overcome the repetitive and conceptual learning of history, advocating an approach based on the development of historical thinking. Gamification is an innovative educational tool which may facilitate the learning of historical thinking concepts in the classroom. The objective of this quasi-experimental research was to verify whether the learning of history of 4th year primary school children improved following the implementation of a gamified project in the classroom compared with a control group which followed a traditional methodology. For this purpose, the learners completed a mixed performance test before and after the classroom intervention. The results showed significant differences in the intergroup (posttest) and intragroup (pretest–posttest) comparisons. This research may serve as a reference point for promoting the implementation of gamification in the primary classroom, and for orienting teacher training programmes towards an epistemological and methodological change.
Religious coping in adolescents: new evidence and relevance
Authors: Torralba Josefa , Oviedo Lluis , Canteras Manuel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAdolescence is frequently seen as a troubled age. In many Western societies this is also a time of sharp religious decline. The question arises as to what extent religious faith and practice could help teenagers cope with their distress, especially when religion fades away in secularized environments and stops being a common coping resource. A study was conducted in South-East Spain (N = 531) to assess coping styles—religious and secular—and how they are related to other variables. The outcomes suggest that religious coping has become a minor choice. It correlates positively with age and is mixed with secular coping strategies. Secularization implies a confidence lost in religious means and the search for alternative coping strategies. This study reveals that religious coping works best when linked to religious communities and in combination with other non-religious strategies.
Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly).
Authors: Weldon Chris 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

C. capitata is a highly invasive species. It has a high dispersive ability, a very large host range and a tolerance of both natural and cultivated habitats over a comparatively wide temperature range. It has a high economic impact, affecting production, control costs and market access. It has successfully established in many parts of the world, often as a result of multiple introductions (Malacrida et al., 2007). Frequent incursions into North America require expensive eradication treatments and many countries maintain extensive monitoring networks.
Cicadulina mbila (maize leafhopper).
Authors: Whittaker Angela 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

The economic impact of C. mbila results largely from its ability to transmit Maize streak virus (MSV) in maize. This is probably the most important insect-vectored plant disease in sub-Saharan Africa (Geddes, 1990; Shepherd et al., 2010). There are currently 11 known MSV strains (MSV-A to MSV-K), of which MSV-A is the most severe and economically important strain that attacks maize (Martin and Shepherd, 2009; Karavina, 2014). If infection occurs at an early stage, plants may die and 100% yield loss results (Thottappilly, 1992; Vogel et al., 1993), but the severity of infection declines with the age of the plant, and infections later than 8 weeks after emergence have little or no effect on yield (Guthrie, 1978; Van Rensburg, 1981; Mzira, 1984). MSV epidemiology is primarily governed by environmental influences on its Cicadulina vectors (mainly C. mbila and Cicadulina storeyi), resulting in erratic epidemics every 3 to 10 years. Disease incidences can vary even in epidemic years, ranging from a few infected plants per field with very low yield loss, to 100% infection rates and complete yield loss (Shepherd et al., 2010). Studies in northern Nigeria over a 3-year period (2000-2002) showed that the number of leafhoppers (Cicadulina spp.) caught was positively correlated with MSV incidence and mean temperature, and negatively correlated with mean rainfall and with age of plants. MSV incidence was positively correlated with age of plants and with mean temperature and negatively correlated with mean relative humidity (Alegbejo and Banwo, 2005).As a result of its wide geographic distribution and high efficiency of transmission of MSV, C. mbila must be regarded as a major pest of maize.
Coconut cadang-cadang viroid (cadang cadang disease).
Authors: Randles John , Rodriguez Judith , Vadamalai Ganesan , Hanold Dagmar , Perera Lalith 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Cadang-cadang disease (caused by Coconut cadang-cadang viroid; CCCVd) is widely distributed in the central Philippines. It continues to spread at high rates in some provinces within the disease zone whereas other sites do not show increases in incidence. New outbreaks have been reported outside earlier boundaries of distribution. Incidence is negligible in plantations less than 10 years old, but increase is then linear at various rates up to ~1% pa. No vector has been implicated in spread so the mode of natural spread is unknown. Variants of CCCVd occur in other members of the Arecaceae including oil palm and buri palm and viroid-like sequences related to CCCVd have also been identified in a range of tropical monocotyledons in South-East Asia and Oceania. However, diagnostic facilities are poorly represented where the disease and viroid occur, and epidemiology is incompletely researched.
Cotton leaf curl Gezira virus (African cotton leaf curl Begomovirus).
Authors: Brown Judith K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Cotton leaf curl Gezira virus (CLCuGV) is endemic to the African Sahel region (Idris et al., 2000). It is an economically important cotton-infecting begomovirus, and poses a serious threat to cotton production. It causes yield loss in all affected cotton-growing areas in Africa. Losses are difficult to assess, but estimates range up to 20% when infection occurs early in the growing season and/or with highly susceptible cultivars. Natural spread is mainly by the whitefly vector, Bemisia tabaci, which transmits the virus in a persistent, circulative manner. Viruliferous whiteflies on infested/infected plants harbouring CLCuGV imported to other countries are of concern for preventing introduction.
Anastrepha suspensa (Caribbean fruit fly).
Authors: Norrbom Allen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

A. suspensa is a pest of guava [Psidium guajava], grapefruit [Citrus x paradisi], and various other cultivated fruits. It is native to the Greater Antilles and possibly the Bahamas, and is an introduced pest in Florida, USA. It is considered an A1 quarantine pest by EPPO.
Epitaxial stabilisation of Ge1

−

x
Sn
x
alloys
Authors: Sanchez-Soares Alfonso , O’Donnell Conor , Greer James C 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The thermodynamic stability of germanium tin

G
e

1
−
x

S
n

x

alloys is investigated across the composition range

0
⩽
x
⩽
1

by applying density functional theory together with the cluster expansion formalism (CE). It is known that GeSn alloys are immiscible and that non-equilibrium growth techniques are required to produce metastable films and nanostructures. Insight into the driving forces behind component segregation is gained by investigating the equilibrium thermodynamics of GeSn systems. The alloy free energy of mixing is computed by combining enthalpies from the CE with entropy terms for configurational and vibrational degrees of freedom. Volume deformations due to the large mismatch in ionic radii are readily found to be the key driving force for immiscibility at all temperatures of relevance. This leads to a study of epitaxial stabilisation by employing latticed matched substrates to favour growth of alloys with fractional compositions of x = 0, approximately x = 0.5 and x = 1. The reduction in the free energy of mixing due to epitaxial strain in thin films is quantified for each substrate leading to indicators for growth of kinetically stable films.
Recent advances in non-fullerene organic photovoltaics enabled by green solvent processing
Authors: Li Shilin , Zhang Hong , Yue Shengli , Yu Xi , Zhou Huiqiong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Solution-processed organic photovoltaic (OPV) as a new energy device has attracted much attention due to its huge potential in future commercial manufacturing. However, so far, most of the studies on high-performance OPV have been treated with halogenated solvents. Halogenated solvents not only pollute the environment, but are also harmful to human health, which will negatively affect the large-scale production of OPV in the future. Therefore, it is urgent to develop low-toxic or non-toxic non-halogen solvent-processable OPV. Compared with conventional fullerene OPVs, non-fullerene OPVs exist with stronger absorption, better-matched energy levels and lower energy loss. Processing photoactive layers with non-fullerenes as the acceptor material has broad potential advantages in non-halogenated solvents. This review introduces the research progress of non-fullerene OPV treated by three different kinds of green solvents as the non-halogenated and aromatic solvent, the non-halogenated and non-aromatic solvent, alcohol and water. Furthermore, the effects of different optimization strategies on the photoelectric performance and stability of non-fullerene OPV are analyzed in detail. The current optimization strategy can increase the power conversion efficiency of non-fullerene OPV processed with non-halogen solvents up to 17.33%, which is close to the performance of processing with halogen-containing solvents. Finally, the commercial potential of non-halogen solvent processing OPVs is discussed. The green solvent processing of non-fullerene-based OPVs will become a key development direction for the future of the OPV industry.
Multi-layered nano-hollow spheres for efficient electromagnetic wave absorption
Authors: Gorai Anupam , Mandal Dipika , Mandal Kalyan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Ferrite nano-hollow spheres (NHS) are of great significance to improve electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption performance. Herein, the deposition of dielectric SiO2 and ferrimagnetic CoFe2O4 (CFO) layers on MnFe2O4 (MnFO) NHS are found as an effective strategy to enhance EM wave attenuation. EM wave absorption properties of as-synthesized bare and bi-layered samples are investigated within a widely-used frequency range of 1–17 GHz. MnFO@CFO bi-layered NHSs exhibit an excellent reflection loss (RL) of −47.0 dB at only 20 wt% filler content with an effective broad bandwidth (BW) of ∼2.2 GHz (frequency region for RL < −10 dB). The attenuation constant is observed to increase from 191.6 Np m−1 to 457.8 Np m−1 for bare MnFO and MnFO@CFO NHSs respectively. Larger interfacial area, additional pairs of dipole, higher magnetic anisotropy, internal reflections and scattering from NHSs are responsible for superior absorption properties of MnFO@CFO NHSs. Moreover, the best impedance matching, ∣Z

in

/Z
0
∣ ∼ 1, promotes the optimum RL in MnFO@CFO at 5.96 GHz. MnFO@SiO2 bi-layered NHSs result in a sufficiently high RL ∼ −30.0 dB with a composite absorber of a thickness of only 3 mm. Analysis from the λ/4 model for best matching thickness (t

m
) displays a good agreement between experimental and simulated t

m
values. This study demonstrates optimized MnFO@CFO NHS as a highly promising low-cost and lightweight EM wave absorber suitable for practical high-frequency applications.
A composite triboelectric nanogenerator based on flexible and transparent film impregnated with ZIF-8 nanocrystals
Authors: Wen Rongmei , Fan Liming , Li Qiaoling , Zhai Junyi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), based on the triboelectrification coupled with electrostatic induction, can directly convert ambient mechanical energy into electric energy. However, the output performance of TENG is still low and demands further improvement to speed up the commercial application. In this work, we demonstrate a TENG based on a flexible and transparent composite film made of PDMS and ZIF-8. When the amount of the ZIF-8 is 4 wt%, the generated output current and voltage of the TENG are gradually increased up to 16.3 μA and 176 V, which are 210% and 230% higher than that of TENG without ZIF-8, respectively. Impregnated ZIF-8 which exhibits a positive polarity lowers the effective work function of the PDMS and enhance the surface charge density, verified by Kelvin probe force microscope measurement.
Microdosimetry modeling with Auger emitters in generalized cell geometry
Authors: Palmer Teresa L , Tkacz-Stachowska Kinga , Skartlien Roar , Omar Nasrin , Hassfjell Sindre , Mjøs Andreas , Bergvoll Johannes , Brevik Ellen M , Hjelstuen Olaug 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A microdosimetry model was developed for the prediction of cell viability for irregular non-spherical cells that were irradiated by low energy, short range Auger electrons. Measured cell survival rates for LNCaP prostate cancer were compared to the computational results for the radioisotopes 177Lu and 161Tb (conjugated to PSMA). The cell geometries used for the computations were derived directly from the cell culture images. A general computational approach was developed to handle arbitrary cell geometries, based on distance probability distribution functions (PDFs) derived from basic image processing. The radiation calculations were done per coarse grained PDF bin to reduce computation time, rather than on a pixel/voxel basis. The radiation dose point kernels over the full electron spectrum were derived using Monte Carlo simulations for energies below 50 eV to account for the propagation of Auger electrons over length scales at and below a cellular radius. The relative importance of short range Auger electrons were evaluated between the two nuclide types. The microdosimetry results were consistent with the cell viability measurements, and it was found that 161Tb was more efficient than 177Lu primarily due to the short range Auger electrons. We foresee that imaging based microdosimetry can be used to evaluate the relative therapeutic effect between various nuclide candidates.
Conditional preparation of non-Gaussian quantum optical states by mesoscopic measurement
Authors: Davis Alex O C , Walschaers Mattia , Parigi Valentina , Treps Nicolas 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Non-Gaussian states of an optical field are important as a proposed resource in quantum information applications. While conditional preparation is a highly successful approach to preparing such states, their quality is limited by detector non-idealities such as dead time, narrow dynamic range, limited quantum efficiency and dark noise. Mesoscopic photon counters, with peak performance at higher photon number, offer many practical advantages over single-photon level conditioning detectors. Here we propose a novel approach involving displacement of the ancilla field into the regime where mesoscopic detectors can be used. We explore this strategy theoretically and present simulations accounting for experimental non-idealities such as loss and amplification noise, showing that precise photon-number resolution is not necessary to herald highly nonclassical states. We conclude that states with strong Wigner negativity can be prepared at high rates by this technique under experimentally attainable conditions.
Study of D-3He fusion fuel parameters sensitivity in spherical tokamak
Authors: Sharifi F , Motevalli S M , Fadaei F 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Spherical tokamak assesses the potential of great performance in high beta and is capable of steadystate operation. Controlling plasma parameters and profile could lead to a high beta for spherical tokamaks. In this paper, we used the scaling laws of density, beta ratio, and energy confinement time with D-3He fuel. We investigated the dependency of Q on confinement enhancement factor and fuel density ratio of D-3He by plasma power balance equation in spherical tokamak (ST) which H

y2 ≈ 1.9 and f

D3 = 0.84 would lead to Q = 5.5 and high power production about 1.6 GW in the 65 keV. Hot ion mode as an imperative circumstance in ST has been investigated and we have illustrated that the convenient ion temperature is around 60–70 keV and γ ≈ 0.15–0.3 in order to enhance the operation of ST and restrict radiation loss.
𝒩-field cosmology in hyperbolic field space: stability and general solutions
Authors: Christodoulidis Perseas , Paliathanasis Andronikos 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We study the dynamics of a cosmological model with a perfect fluid and 𝒩 fields on a hyperbolic field space interacting via a symmetric potential. We list all late-time solutions, investigate their stability and briefly discuss predictions of the theory. Moreover, for the case of two scalar fields and an exponential potential we prove that the field equations are Liouville integrable and we provide for the first time the general solution for a region of the parameter space.
Pole-induced Higgs inflation with hyperbolic Kähler geometries
Authors: Pallis C. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We present novel realizations of Higgs inflation within Supergravity
which are largely tied to the existence of a pole of order two in
the kinetic term of the inflaton field. This pole arises due to
the selected s which parameterize the (SU(1,1)/U(1))2 or
SU(2,1)/(SU(2) × U(1)) manifolds with scalar curvatures
ℛ(11)2
=-4/N or
ℛ21=-3/N respectively. The
associated superpotential includes, in addition to the Higgs
superfields, a stabilizer superfield, respects the gauge and an
R symmetries and contains the first allowed nonrenormalizable
term. If the coefficient of this term is almost equal to that of
the others within about 10-5 and N=1, the inflationary
observables can be done compatible with the present data and the
scale M of gauge-symmetry breaking may assume its value within
MSSM. Increasing M beyond this value, though, inflation may be
attained with less tuning. Modifications to the Kähler potentials associated
with the manifolds above allow for inflation, realized with just
renormalizable superpotential terms, which results to higher
tensor-to-scalar ratios as N approaches its maximum at
N ≃ 40.
A crossover from Efros–Shklovskii hopping to activated transport in a GaAs two-dimensional hole system at low temperatures
Authors: Dlimi S. , El kaaouachi A. , Limouny L. , Hammou B. A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we discuss low-temperature hopping-conductivity behavior in the insulating phase, in the absence of a magnetic field. We conduct a theoretical study of the crossover from hopping to activated transport in a GaAs two-dimensional hole system at low temperatures, finding that a crossover takes place from the Efros-Shklovskii variable-range hopping (VRH) regime to an activated regime in this system. This conductivity behavior in p-GaAs quantum wells is qualitatively consistent with the laws laid down in theories of localized electron interactions. Given sufficiently strong interactions, the holes in the localized states are able to hop collectively.
Superoscillatory behavior in partially coherent fields
Authors: Mays Joseph , Gbur Greg 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Superoscillations are oscillations of a wavefield that are locally higher than the bandlimit of the field. Superoscillations have to date been studied primarily in coherent wavefields; here we look at superoscillations that appear in the phase of the correlation function in partially coherent fields. It is shown that a decrease in spatial coherence can in some cases strengthen the superoscillatory behavior, and in others decrease it. Superoscillations are studied in a number of model partially coherent fields, and the influence of coherence on each model is considered.
Estimating the probability of coincidental similarity between atomic displacement parameters with machine learning
Authors: Ahlberg Gagner Viktor , Jensen Maja , Katona Gergely 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
High-resolution diffraction studies of macromolecules incorporate the tensor form of the anisotropic displacement parameter (ADP) of atoms from their mean position. The comparison of these parameters requires a statistical framework that can handle the experimental and modeling errors linked to structure determination. Here, a Bayesian machine learning model is introduced that approximates ADPs with the random Wishart distribution. This model allows for the comparison of random samples from a distribution that is trained on experimental structures. The comparison revealed that the experimental similarity between atoms is larger than predicted by the random model for a substantial fraction of the comparisons. Different metrics between ADPs were evaluated and categorized based on how useful they are at detecting non-accidental similarity and whether they can be replaced by other metrics. The most complementary comparisons were provided by Euclidean, Riemann and Wasserstein metrics. The analysis of ADP similarity and the positional distance of atoms in bovine trypsin revealed a set of atoms with striking ADP similarity over a long physical distance, and generally the physical distance between atoms and their ADP similarity do not correlate strongly. A substantial fraction of long- and short-range ADP similarities does not form by coincidence and are reproducibly observed in different crystal structures of the same protein.
Processing Stability of Monolayer WS2 on SiO2
Authors: Delie G , Chiappe D , Asselberghs I , Huyghebaert C , Radu I , Banerjee S , Groven B , Brems S , Afanas’ev V V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Using internal photoemission of electrons, the energy position of the valence band top edge in 1 monolayer WS2 films on top of SiO2 thermally-grown on Si was monitored to evaluate the stability of the WS2 layer with respect to two critically important technological factors: exposure to air and the transfer of WS2 from the growth substrate (sapphire) onto SiO2. Contrary to previous results obtained for WS2 and MoS2 layers synthesized by metal film thermal sulfurization in H2S, the valence band top of metal-organic chemical vapor deposition grown WS2 is found to remain at 3.7 ± 0.1 eV below the conduction band bottom edge of SiO2 through different growth runs, transfer processing, and storage in air for several months. This exceptional stability indicates WS2 as a viable candidate for the wafer-scale technology implementation.