bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of age on the cumulative risk of transformation in patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia
Authors: Machherndl‐Spandl Sigrid , Jäger Eva , Barna Agnes , Gurbisz Michael , Marschon Renate , Graf Temeida , Graf Elmir , Geissler Christoph , Hoermann Gregor , Nösslinger Thomas , Pfeilstöcker Michael , Bettelheim Peter , Zach Otto , Weltermann Ansgar , Heibl Sonja , Thaler Josef , Zebisch Armin , Sill Heinz , Stauder Reinhard , Webersinke Gerald , Kusec Rajko , Ulsperger Ernst , Schneeweiss Bruno , Öhler Leopold , Germing Ulrich , Valent Peter , Tüchler Heinz , Geissler Klaus 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn older patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) and limited life expectancy due to age and or comorbidities, it is particularly important to consider the risk of transformation for individualised treatment decisions. There is limited information on potential differences between younger and older CMML patients regarding the cumulative risk of transformation as well as haematological, molecular and biologic characteristics. We analysed data from the Austrian Biodatabase for CMML (ABCMML) to compare these parameters in 518 CMML patients. Categorisation of patients into 3 age‐related groups: <60 years, 60‐79 years and ≥80 years, showed a significantly lower risk of transformation at higher age by competing risk analysis, with a 4‐year risk of 39%, 23% and 13%, respectively (P < .0001). The lower probability of transformation was associated with a lower percentage of blast cells in the peripheral blood (PB) of older patients. Furthermore, we provide a simple score based on age, PB blasts and platelet counts that allowed us to define subgroups of CMML patients with a different cumulative transformation risk, including a low‐risk group with a transformation risk of only 5%. Our findings may facilitate reasonable treatment decisions in elderly patients with CMML.
Parasite management in aquaculture exerts selection on salmon louse behaviour
Authors: Coates Andrew , Johnsen Ingrid A. , Dempster Tim , Phillips Ben L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe evolution of pest resistance to management strategies is a major challenge for farmed systems. Mitigating the effects of pest adaptation requires identifying the selective pressures imposed by these strategies. In Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture, barriers are used to prevent salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) larvae (copepodids) from entering salmon cages. These barriers are effective against shallow‐swimming copepodids, but those swimming deeper can pass underneath and infest salmon. Laboratory experiments suggest that depth regulation in copepodids is a variable behavioural trait with a genetic basis. We used biological–hydrodynamic dispersal models to assess how this trait variation alters the dispersion of lice through the ocean environment and into farms. The dispersal of copepodids with 3 behavioural phenotypes (deep, mean or shallow) was modelled over winter–spring and spring–summer periods in a Norwegian fjord system with intensive aquaculture. The infestation pressure of each phenotype on barrier cages was estimated from their modelled depth distributions: copepodids deeper than 10 m were predicted to successfully pass underneath barriers. The deep phenotype was the most abundant below 10 m and reached infestation pressures 3 times higher than that of the mean phenotype. In contrast, the shallow phenotype infestation pressure reached less than half that of the mean phenotype. These differences in relative fitness indicate that barriers can impose strong directional selection on the swimming behaviour of copepodids. The strength of this selection varied seasonally and geographically, with selection for the deep phenotype stronger in winter–spring and at coastal locations than in spring–summer and within fjords. These findings can be applied across farms to slow louse adaptation, by limiting barriers during situations of strong selection, although this must be balanced against trade‐offs to short‐term efficacy. More broadly, our study highlights new ways in which dispersal models can address evolutionary questions crucial for sustainable parasite management in aquaculture.
Use of the French national health insurance information system for research in the field of mental health: Systematic review and perspectives
Authors: Revet Alexis , Moulis Guillaume , Raynaud Jean‐Philippe , Bui Eric , Lapeyre‐Mestre Maryse 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeThis systematic review registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021225296) aimed to describe the use of the French national health insurance information system, which covers the entire French population (67 million inhabitants), for research in the field of mental health.MethodsThree electronic databases and a journal hand‐search identified 15 265 articles from January 1, 2003 (year of creation of the database) to October 31, 2020. Studies of any design were eligible for inclusion provided that they (i) made use of at least one component of the French health insurance database and (ii) focused on a topic in near and far connection with the field of mental health in France. Database used, design and methods, study period, population, key findings, and type of use for medical research were described.ResultsA total of 152 studies were included in the review analysis. There was an increase in the number of published articles over time throughout the studied period. Studies focusing on adults (n = 139) largely outnumbered those focusing on children and adolescents (n = 11). Pharmacoepidemiological studies were by far the most frequent (n = 123), followed by methodological studies (n = 23), epidemiological studies (n = 17), and health economics studies (n = 3). The most studied psychotropic drugs were antidepressants (n = 27), anxiolytics (n = 27), and opioids (n = 25) while fewer studies focused on methylphenidate (n = 6) and on mood stabilizers (n = 5). Few studies specifically focused on psychiatric disorders, mainly depression (n = 4), suicide (n = 4), and psychotic disorders (n = 3).ConclusionThis systematic review highlighted a relatively poor exploitation of the Système national des données de santé database in the field of psychiatric research with regard to the great possibilities it offers, with a clear lag in certain fields such as epidemiological or health economics studies and in specific populations, in particular children and adolescents.
Do liberals want curbside pickup more than conservatives? Contactless shopping as protectionary action against the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Kim Naeun Lauren , Im Hyunjoo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractConsumers showed a dramatically increased interest in contactless shopping in reaction to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Based on the protection motivation theory, this study investigated how contactless shopping grew as a protectionary action against COVID‐19. Findings from a nationwide online survey (n = 311) confirmed the impact of politicization of the pandemic on consumer responses for contactless shopping intention and the significance of threat and coping appraisals in taking protectionary actions. This study adds knowledge to the existing literature on contactless shopping and protection motivation theory. Results imply that retailers must invest in contactless shopping and provide an in‐store shopping environment that prioritizes the health and safety of shoppers and employees to decrease the threat of virus infection during shopping. However, in doing so, retailers are recommended to develop different marketing strategies regarding contactless shopping based on consumers' political orientations.
Are we born and do we die without nevi? A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Di Brizzi Eugenia Veronica , Pampena Riccardo , Licata Gaetano , Calabrese Giulia , Longo Caterina , Argenziano Giuseppe 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundIt is well known that the number of nevi varies with age. However, there are a few data in the literature concerning total nevus count at different ages. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the total nevus count among different age groups.MethodsThe total nevus count was assessed in consecutive patients belonging to nine age groups. Median nevus count was calculated and compared for each age group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to define the influence of sex and phototype on the association between nevus count and age.ResultsWe enrolled 900 patients (461, 51.2% females), with a median age of 46 years and a total of 18,136 nevi. Significant differences were found in the median total nevus count among all age groups (P < 0.001), with a significant increase in the first two decades and a significant decrease after the age of 50 years. A similar trend was also observed in subgroups. The differences observed in the total body nevus count among age groups were independent of sex and phototype.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that the total nevus count significantly increases during childhood and gradually decreases in the elderly.
The effects of external supervision on social workers’ engagement and perceived self‐efficacy: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Põder Kaire , Merkuljeva Tiina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractExternal supervision is an expanding practice among social workers noted by many authors. However, the empirical evidence of its impact on work efficiency is mixed at best. In the current study, we empirically test the effect of external supervision on social workers’ work engagement and perceived self‐efficacy. Our treatment consists of five external supervision sessions. The survey instrument is designed to test the theoretical premises, allowing us to collect before and after data from the treatment and control group and construct a structural equation model for latent constructs such as engagement and self‐efficacy. Our sample consists of 73 social workers. We estimate treatment effects using differences‐in‐differences technique. After controlling for observable self‐selection, we show that external supervision has a weak positive effect on engagement but no effect on self‐efficacy. The mechanism—whether the content and length of the treatment are important—is under discussion. A weak positive effect of supervision on engagement is present only in the case of those who continued treatment in all five sessions.
A capacity index to replace flawed incident‐based metrics for worker safety
Authors: DEKKER Sidney W.A. , TOOMA Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe shortcomings of incident‐based metrics for worker safety such as total recordable incident frequency rate (TRIFR) are well documented. In particular, a low TRIFR is no assurance against legal liability. There is considerable overlap between the literature on safety as the presence of capacities to make things go well, and jurisprudence in labour and workplace safety law on employer due diligence. In this article, the authors propose an index that merges the two, measuring the capacities to acquire and maintain safety knowledge, to understand the nature of operations, to resource for safety, to respond to risks, to demonstrate engagement and compliance, and for assurance.
Identity, nationhood and migrations to Turkey from the Balkans, 1950–1960
Authors: Erken Ali 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe article examines identity politics in Turkey through migrations from the Balkans in the early years of Cold War. Despite secularisation reforms in the 1920s and 1930s, Muslim identity remained a central component in the formation of Turkish nationhood. In the wake of WW II, Turkey chose to be a part of Western world whereas her two regional neighbours, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia, remained in the Socialist bloc. Nearly 500,000 Turks, Bosnians, Albanians and Pomaks in Yugoslavia and Bulgaria were either forced, or "encouraged," to leave their lands after 1950. Despite ideological barriers and ethnic differences, Turkey welcomed these migrants to the country. Official records, recently available biographies and oral sources shed light on the discourses of identity politics through this period.
After the transnational turn: Looking across borders to see the hard face of the nation‐state
Authors: Waldinger Roger 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper leverages the repressive turn in U.S. migration policy to understand how a cross‐border perspective can illuminate the experiences of two different, but contemporaneous second‐generation populations: Those whose lives have unfurled in the United States, all the while growing up in internationalized families with ongoing homeland ties; and those whose childhoods began in the United States, but were disrupted as part of the ‘Great Expulsion’, and thus migrated to Mexico, albeit often with U.S. citizenship and almost always with cross‐border ties to family members still living in the United States. As the paper demonstrates, looking across borders highlights the importance of the territorial frontier and the continuing power of the national to undermine the forces that produce cross‐border connections.
Induction of the apoptosis, degranulation and IL‐13 production of human basophils by butyrate and propionate via suppression of histone deacetylation
Authors: Shi Yanbiao , Xu Meizhen , Pan Shuai , Gao Sijia , Ren Jinfeng , Bai Ruixue , Li Hui , He Cheng , Zhao Shuli , Shi Zhixu , Yu Fang , Xiang Zou , Wang Hui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAllergic diseases are caused by dysregulated Th2 immune responses involving multiple effector cells including basophils. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), mainly acetate, propionate and butyrate, exert immunomodulatory functions via activation of its receptors GPR41 and GPR43, and inhibition of the histone deacetylases (HDACs) activity. In allergic diseases, SCFAs suppress the activity of mast cells, eosinophils and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) but enhance the function of Th2 cells. Here, we aimed to elucidate the function of SCFAs on human basophils. Human basophils were purified from healthy donors by flow cytometric sorting. The surface proteins, apoptosis and degranulation of basophils were analyzed by flow cytometric analysis. The mRNA expression was assayed using real‐time PCR. Interleukin 4 (IL‐4) and IL‐13 were measured by ELISA. Histone acetylation was examined by western blot. GPR41 was expressed by basophils and was enhanced by IL‐3. Acetate induced intracellular calcium influx in basophils which was suppressed by blocking GPR41. Propionate and butyrate, but not acetate, induced the expression of CD69 and IL‐13. In addition, propionate and butyrate enhanced IgE‐mediated basophil degranulation but inhibited basophil survival and IL‐4 secretion. Propionate and butyrate induced histone acetylation of basophils and suppression of HDACs activity mimicked the effects of propionate and butyrate on human basophils. Our findings demonstrate that propionate and butyrate may play a complex role in regulating basophil apoptosis, activation and degranulation via inhibiting HDACs activity. The in vivo effects of SCFAs on the regulation of basophil‐associated allergic diseases need to be further explored.
Thermal stability and performance of optimized ZrCx diffusion barriers in ceramic coating systems for ATF applications
Authors: Chen Lina , Lei Yiming , Li Wenli , Zhang Jie , Wang Jingyang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSurface‐modified Zr alloy claddings with advanced ceramic coatings are promising materials for accident‐tolerant fuel (ATF) systems to meet stringent safety regulations concerning light water reactors. The applications of ceramic coatings are, however, limited as a result of inferior thermal stability when used in conjunction with Zircaloy‐4 (Zry‐4) substrates. Herein, the thermal stability of sub‐stoichiometric zirconium carbide barrier layers as a function of composition was studied. Integrated ceramic coatings comprising ZrC0.55 diffusion barriers and a Cr2AlC top layer were synthesized via a magnetron sputtering method. After rapid thermal annealing, the ZrC0.55 barrier layer having a thickness of 0.5 μm effectively prevented the inter‐diffusion between Cr2AlC and the Zry‐4 substrate, thereby ensuring retention of the structural integrity of the integrated ceramic coating system for ATF applications.
Examining the relation between empowerment and civic engagement among parents of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Burke Meghan M. , Rossetti Zach , Aleman‐Tovar Janeth , Rios Kristina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInternationally, parents of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities have historically engaged in advocacy leading to compulsory education for their children. However, few parents have reported civic engagement. Although empowerment is related to parent advocacy, it is unclear whether empowerment relates to civic engagement. Thus, our study examined parent and child correlates of empowerment and civic engagement, and the relation between empowerment and civic engagement among 235 parents of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities across five states in the United States. Gender and special education knowledge were significant correlates of empowerment and civic engagement. There was a significant positive correlation between empowerment and civic engagement. Implications regarding future research and ways to promote parent empowerment and civic engagement are discussed.
Diagnostic accuracy of self‐reported measures of periodontal disease: A clinical validation study using the 2017 case definitions
Authors: Deng Ke , Pelekos George , Jin Lijian , Tonetti Maurizio S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo clinically validate a self‐reported questionnaire for periodontal disease and assess its accuracy for differentiating periodontal health and different stages of periodontitis.MethodsA Chinese (Cantonese) version of a self‐reported questionnaire was prepared by translating and validating the original English questions proposed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology (CDC/AAP). The utility of the CDC/AAP questionnaire and its individual questions was assessed against a full‐mouth periodontal examination. Periodontal case definition was based on the 2017 World Workshop classification of periodontal diseases. Multivariable logistic regression and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) analysis were performed to assess the accuracy of the questionnaire.Results408 subjects enrolled in this study, including those with periodontal health (16.2%), gingivitis (15.2%), Stages I/II periodontitis (31.8%) and Stages III/IV periodontitis (36.8%). Overall, the questionnaire had poor accuracy in detecting the presence of Stages I/II periodontitis with an AUROC 0.608. While it showed moderate to high accuracy for identifying periodontal disease (gingivitis and periodontitis), periodontitis and Stages III/IV periodontitis with an AUROC of 0.837, 0.803 and 0.870, respectively. Self‐reported measures in combination with age and tobacco smoking showed excellent performance for identifying Stages III/IV periodontitis with a high AUROC of 0.953, a sensitivity of 95.7%, and a specificity of 89.0%. Specific questions and combinations provided greater utility to discriminate the various periodontal case definitions.ConclusionsThe self‐reported CDC/AAP questionnaire may be a feasible tool for detecting periodontitis, and its combination with demographic and lifestyle factors is useful for the identification of individuals with Stages III/IV periodontitis. This questionnaire seems less helpful in screening of Stages I/II periodontitis. Further studies are needed to test the validity in larger community‐based populations.
Predictors of tooth loss during long‐term periodontal maintenance: An updated systematic review
Authors: Carvalho Rui , Botelho João , Machado Vanessa , Mascarenhas Paulo , Alcoforado Gil , Mendes José João , Chambrone Leandro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the risk factors / predictors of tooth loss in patients with periodontitis who underwent periodontal therapy and long‐term periodontal maintenance (PM).Material and MethodsPubMed, CENTRAL, EMBASE, Web of Science, LILACS and Scholar were searched up to and including September 2020. Studies limited to periodontitis patients who underwent active periodontal therapy (APT) and followed a regular PM programme with 5 years follow‐up minimum were eligible for inclusion in this review. Studies were included if they reported data on tooth loss during PM. Random effects meta‐analyses of number of tooth loss per patient per year were conducted.ResultsThirty‐six papers regarding thirty‐three studies were included in this review, with three prospective 30 retrospective trials. Subgroup meta‐analysis showed no differences between prospective and retrospective studies, with an average of 0.1 tooth loss per year per patient (p < 0.001). Maxillary and molar teeth were more susceptible to be extracted during long‐term PM. Baseline characteristics (smoking, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, being male and teeth with furcation lesions) showed no significance as predictor of tooth loss through meta‐regression. The percentage of tooth loss due to periodontal reasons ranged from 0.45% to 14.4%. The individual outcomes in each study evidenced different patient‐related factors (age and smoking) and tooth‐related factors (i.e. tooth type and location) were associated with tooth loss during PM.ConclusionThe majority of patients undergoing long‐term PM have not lost teeth. On average, long‐term PM effectively causes the loss of 1 tooth per patient every 10 years. Additional prospective trials may confirm these results.
Genetic susceptibility, family history of diabetes and healthy lifestyle factors in relation to diabetes: A gene–environment interaction analysis in Chinese adults
Authors: Ye Chaojie , Niu Jingya , Zhao Zhiyun , Li Mian , Xu Yu , Lu Jieli , Chen Yuhong , Wang Weiqing , Ning Guang , Bi Yufang , Xu Min , Wang Tiange 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo analyze the associations and interactions of the genetic susceptibility and family history of diabetes with lifestyle factors in relation to diabetes among Chinese adults.Materials and MethodsWe constructed a genetic risk score of 34 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in 11,596 participants from Songnan and Youyi communities, Baoshan District, Shanghai, China. We determined a healthy lifestyle by a normal body mass index (<24 kg/m2), adequate fruit and vegetable intake (≥4.5 cups/day), never smoked or quit smoking >1 year prior, sufficient physical activity (≥600 metabolic equivalent minutes per week), and a sleep duration of ≥6 to ≤8 h/day. Logistic regression models were used to examine the associations and interactions between heritability and lifestyle on diabetes.ResultsA healthier lifestyle was associated with a lower prevalence of diabetes within any heritable risk groups categorized by the genetic risk score and family history of diabetes. In the combined communities, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for diabetes associated with each additional healthy lifestyle factor was 0.83 (0.77–0.89) among participants with a low genetic risk score and 0.86 (0.81–0.91) among participants with a high genetic risk score (Pinteraction = 0.66). Similar interaction patterns of family history (Pinteraction = 0.15) and the combination of family history and the genetic risk score with healthy lifestyle (Pinteraction = 0.55) on diabetes were observed.ConclusionsA healthier lifestyle was associated with a significantly lower prevalence of diabetes regardless of heritable risk groups, highlighting the importance of adhering to a healthy lifestyle for diabetes prevention among the entire population.