bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advance care planning for older people in mainland China: An integrative literature review
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Jeong Sarah Yeun‐Sim , Chan Sally 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecently, the attempts to promote advance care planning (ACP) and advance directives (ADs) have appeared in mainland China. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that the concept of ACP and ADs is not widely known to the public and healthcare professionals.AimTo examine and synthesise currently available research about ACP and ADs for older people in mainland China, and to discuss implications for future nursing practice and research.DesignAn integrative literature review.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in seven English electronic databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, ProQuest, Cochrane, JBI, Scopus and Wiley) and four Chinese electronic databases (CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and CBM). Eligible articles were critically appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT).FindingsFrom various groups including older people, families and healthcare professionals, low levels of knowledge and awareness about ACP and ADs are reported. Demographic characteristics such as age, gender, education and clinical conditions were related to positive or negative attitude towards ACP. The main reason people cited for being ‘reluctant/fairly reluctant’ to make an AD was that they were ‘Not familiar with it’.ConclusionsGiven that older people showed positive attitudes towards ACP, policy support and practice guidelines about ADs and ACP are necessary to respect their wishes and to guide healthcare professionals in mainland China.
An interview with Dr. Anne Marie Lynn, a pioneering woman in medicine
Authors: Yaster Myron , Flack Sean H. , Martin Lynn D. , Morgan Philip G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDr. Anne Marie Lynn (1949–present), Professor Emeritus of Anesthesiology, Pain Medicine, and Pediatrics at the University of Washington, Seattle, was one of the most influential women in pediatric anesthesiology of her generation. Dr. Lynn embodies the spirit of discovery and advancement that have created the practice of pediatric anesthesiology as we know it today. A pioneer in pain medicine pharmacology, particularly morphine and ketorolac, her research transformed pediatric anesthesia, pediatric pain medicine, and pediatric intensive care medicine. Through her journal articles, book chapters, national and international lectures, mentoring of residents, fellows, and faculty, and leadership in the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia, she inspired a generation of women and men physicians by demonstrating that gender should not be a barrier to undertaking roles once only held only by men. In 2017, for her many contributions, she was awarded the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia's Myron Yaster lifetime achievement award.
Retrospective lumbosacral CT analysis and prospective observational study of the ipsilateral tunnel view technique for fluoroscopy‐guided selective S1 transforaminal epidural injection
Authors: Hwang Bo‐Young , Park Jae‐Hyun , Ji Ho‐Tae , Kim Go‐Eun , Kim Sun‐Key , Lee Yoon‐Kyung , Hwang Sung‐Mi , Kang Sang‐Soo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to retrospectively observe the anatomic relationship between dorsal S1 foramen (DS1F) and ventral S1 foramen (VS1F) through computed tomography (CT) analysis and to prospectively determine the optimal angle of ipsilateral tunnel view technique for performing S1 transforaminal epidural steroid injection (S1‐TFESI).MethodsThe axial lumbosacral CTs taken between in 208 consecutive patients and the following measurements were obtained on both sides: (1) the α‐angle was defined as an angle between a sagittal line passing through the center of the sacrum and an imaginary line passing through the center of DS1F, (2) the largest diameter of DS1F and VS1F. The fluoroscopy was adjusted to show the largest L5/S1 intervertebral disc space, which was defined as the cephalad angle, and tilted to the ipsilateral oblique side until the entrance of DS1F had a well‐defined, round shape, which defined as the β‐angle in 40 humans.ResultsCT measurements showed that the α‐angle was 26.3 ± 3.3 degrees (15–38 degrees) and the diameter of DS1F was 7.1 ± 0.7 mm (4–10.9 mm), which was significantly smaller than the diameter of VS1F, 10.1 ± 1.0 mm (7.2–13.8 mm). The β‐angle was 24 ± 4.6 degrees, which was not much different from the α‐angle and the cephalad angle was 23 ± 4.6 degrees. The success rate of S1‐TFESI was 100% and there were no procedure‐related complications.ConclusionsThe entrance of DS1F is easily identified with an ipsilateral 25 degrees‐tunnel view technique while performing S1‐TFESI, and it is a clinically applicable approach.
Genetic selection for nonstructural carbohydrates and its impact on other nutritive attributes of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) forage
Authors: Claessens Annie , Bipfubusa Marie , Chouinard‐Michaud Caroline , Bertrand Annick , Tremblay Gaëtan F. , Castonguay Yves , Bélanger Gilles , Berthiaume Robert , Allard Guy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHigh concentration of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) in forages improves ruminant N utilization and performance. The present study evaluated the direct and indirect effects of one cycle of divergent phenotypic selection for NSC in alfalfa along with the diurnal and seasonal stability of the trait. For this purpose, divergent NSC populations were developed (NSC+ and NSC−) and two field trials were established in Quebec, Canada. Forage samples were collected twice a day (morning and afternoon) and three times a year (spring, summer and autumn) and analysed for NSC, crude protein (CP), fibre concentration, digestibility and yield. The NSC+ population maintained greater NSC concentrations than the NSC− population over 2 establishment years (+18%, 129 vs. 109 g/kg) and three production years (+8%, 126 vs. 116 g/kg). Time of cutting and period of harvest had significant effects on alfalfa NSC concentration and other nutritive attributes, but they did not affect the response to selection for NSC concentration. Phenotypic selection for NSC concentration can therefore be used in a recurrent phenotypic selection approach to improve alfalfa nutritive value.
On Preferring that Overall, Things are Worse: Future‐Bias and Unequal Payoffs
Authors: Greene Preston , Latham Andrew J. , Miller Kristie , Norton James 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPhilosophers vigorously debate the rationality ofhedonic bias toward the future: a systematic preference for pleasurable experiences to be future and painful experiences to be past. The debate over future bias is distinctive in philosophy because arguments made on both sides concern descriptive and empirically tractable claims about patterns of preferences and the psychological mechanisms that could explain these patterns. Most notably, philosophers predict that this bias is strong enough to apply to unequal payoffs: people often prefer less pleasurable future experiences to more pleasurable past ones, and more painful past experiences to less painful future ones. They also predict that future‐bias is restricted to first‐person preferences,and that people’sthird‐person preferencesare time‐neutral. These claims feature in arguments both for and against the rational permissibility of future bias. Thus, we aimed to test whether these claims are descriptively accurate. Among our discoveries, we found that the predicted asymmetry between first‐ and third‐person conditions is absent, and so cannot support arguments against the rationality of future‐bias. We also uncovered an asymmetry between positive and negative events that might ground a new argument in favour of time‐neutralism.
Temperature and relative humidity shape white leaf spot (Neopseudocercosporella capsellae) epidemic development in rapeseed (Brassica napus)
Authors: Murtza Tamsal , You Ming Pei , Barbetti Martin J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStudies were undertaken to determine the combined environmental effects of two temperature regimes (14/11 ℃, 17/14 ℃ day/night) and duration of postinoculation high humidity on progression of white leaf spot, caused by Neopseudocercosporella capsellae, in rapeseed (Brassica napus) at each of two different plant growth stages. Overall, percentage disease indices were significantly affected by temperature, high humidity duration, plant growth stage, and host cultivar (all p < 0.001). There were significant two‐way interactions of temperature regime with plant age (p < 0.001) and with host cultivar (p < 0.01), and significant three‐way interactions of high humidity duration with growth stage and host cultivar (p = 0.01) and with temperature and host cultivar (p = 0.03). At cotyledon stage, mean percentage cotyledon disease index was 38.2 at 17/14 ℃ day/night, and 33.1 at 14/11 ℃. At fourth leaf stage, mean percentage leaf disease index was 32.0 at 14/11 ℃ but 17.5 at 17/14 ℃. Disease severity increased with increasing duration of high humidity. Results explain why this disease is more prevalent and severe in Australia following longer durations of high humidity; why disease at cotyledon stage is largely independent of temperature if seasonal temperature ranges between 11 and 17 ℃; and why more severe leaf infection (e.g., at fourth leaf stage) can be attributed to cooling winter conditions between autumn and winter. Studies suggest current/predicted climate changes across southern Australia of increasingly warmer autumn‐winter temperatures and decreasing growing‐season (May–August) precipitation will lessen severity of future epidemics.
Instrument Residual Estimator for Any Response Variable with Endogenous Binary Treatment
Authors: Lee Myoung-jae 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGiven an endogenous/confounded binary treatment D, a response Y with its potential versions (Y0, Y1) and covariates X, finding the treatment effect is difficult if Y is not continuous, even when a binary instrumental variable (IV) Z is available. We show that, for any form of Y (continuous, binary, mixed,…), there exists a decomposition Y = μ0(X) + μ1(X)D + error with E(error|Z,X) = 0, where μ1(X)≡E(Y1-Y0|complier,X) and ‘compliers’ are those who get treated if and only if Z = 1. First, using the decomposition, instrumental variable estimator (IVE) is applicable with polynomial approximations for μ0(X) and μ1(X) to obtain a linear model for Y. Second, better yet, an ‘instrumental residual estimator (IRE)’ with Z−E(Z|X) as an IV for D can be applied, and IRE is consistent for the ‘E(Z|X)-overlap’ weighted average of μ1(X), which becomes E(Y1-Y0|complier) for randomized Z. Third, going further, a ‘weighted IRE’ can be done which is consistent for E{μ1(X)}. Empirical analyses as well as a simulation study are provided to illustrate our approaches.
Equilibrium sediment transport by dilute turbidity currents: Comparison of competence‐based and capacity‐based models
Authors: Amy Lawrence , Dorrell Robert 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEquilibrium sediment transport is the condition of zero net entrainment and deposition by sediment‐transporting flow (i.e. grade or regime). Here criteria for equilibrium sediment transport, or those used as proxies for equilibrium (for example, onset of erosion, onset of particle setting or suppression of turbulence) for dilute, suspended‐load‐dominated, turbidity currents, are tested against laboratory and natural data. The examined criteria are restricted to those describing flow over a bed of loose particulate material involving non‐cohesive sediment. Models include both monodisperse and polydisperse formulations that represent sediment non‐uniformity by using a single characteristic grain size or discretization of the grain‐size distribution, respectively. Analysis shows that a polydisperse‐type flux‐balance model, that equates erosional and depositional fluxes and where erosion is related to the power used to lift sediment mass from the bed (the ‘Flow‐Power Flux‐Balance’ model) provides predictions most consistent with observational data. Other equilibrium models tested, monodisperse or polydisperse, fail to predict realistic bed slopes and/or flow durations for concentrations, velocities and depths within limits for natural flows. Results of the Flow‐Power Flux‐Balance model are used to quantify sediment transport fields, equilibrium Shields numbers and slopes for turbidity currents of variable flow and particle properties.
Foragers and Their Tools: Risk, Technology and Complexity
Authors: Sterelny Kim 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe subsistence technology of forager communities has varied greatly over space and time. This paper (i) reviews briefly the main causal factors the literature identifies as responsible for this variation; (ii) analyzes in some detail the most prominent idea in the literature on spatial variation:Complex technology is an adaptive response to elevated risks of subsistence failure; (iii) it argues that the alleged empirical support for this hypothesis depends on dubious proxies of risk; (iv) it argues that it fails to explain the subsistence technologies of desert foragers, who generally live with simple technologies in high‐risk environments; (v) it offers an alternative analysis, based on the reduced opportunity costs of complex technologies in highly seasonal environments, on the high value of typical forager targets in those environments and their relatively predictable location in space and time; and (v) the paper concludes with a conjecture about the role of environmental variation in toolkit change over deep time.
Alone on an island: The reassessment of an enigmatic species of Handmaiden Moth (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) endemic to Mauritius
Authors: Przybyłowicz Łukasz , Wiorek Marcin , Przystałkowska Anna , Wahlberg Niklas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMaculonaclia florida (de Joannis, 1906) has been one of the most mysterious moths of Mauritius, a small volcanic island located some 900 km east from Madagascar. Here, we reviewed its generic placement, phylogenetic relationships and the potential evolutionary scenarios leading to the current distribution of this unique Mauritian member of Syntomini. The species, known previously only from a few old museum specimens, is redescribed based on newly collected material including both sexes and eggs. The generic affiliation to the Palaearctic Dysauxes is confirmed based on morphological and molecular data. A hypothesis is presented on the colonization of Mauritius by the ancestor of D. florida from Madagascar through the now submerged stepping stone islands of the Mascarene ridge. Behavioural data and environment preferences of D. florida are assessed for the first time. The species prefers shrubby vegetation with a humid understory, and presence of endemic shrub Ixora parviflora seems to play a role in selecting the suitable microhabitat. Additionally, based on IUCN criteria, a CR threat category is proposed, highlighting the major risk factors affecting the species. The significant variation in wing venation of D. florida is noted and provisionally correlated with environmental stress, which is the consequence of human‐caused habitat degradation. Finally, the study provides further evidence for the significant role of Madagascar in the diversification of continental biota, indicating a Malagasy origin of the African syntomine Pseudonaclia puella.
WILLEM DREES ON THE HUMANITIES
Authors: Ruse Michael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDo universities still need departments in the humanities—philosophy, history, languages, and so forth? Many today, particularly legislators with control over the funding of public universities, feel that the emphasis should be on, and only on, departments in the STEM field. Willem B. Drees, a former dean of humanities, makes a spirited defense of the worth of the humanities and of their continued place in higher education. This essay looks at Drees's arguments in a critical, yet appreciative, fashion. It is a debate we need to have.
THEOLOGY AMONG THE HUMAN HUMANITIES
Authors: Ottati Douglas F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis essay indicates how theology of a certain sort may contribute to the “human humanities” as Willem B. Drees understands them, but also that there is no single entirely satisfactory solution to the question of how to give due attention to the intensely self‐involving character of plural religions. The best we can do is to undertake theology, religious studies, and philosophy of religion in proximity to one another. This helps to maintain the sense that, in the humanities generally and the study of religion specifically, we not only develop comparative and disciplined reflections that aspire to a measure of neutrality, but also invite persons to undertake inherently self‐involving and reflexive inquiries, including theological ones.
Dense Suspension Flows: A Mathematical Model Consistent With Thermodynamics
Authors: Shelukhin Vladimir V. , Neverov Vladimir V. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We address the flows of dense suspensions of particles within the framework of two-velocity continuum. Thermodynamics of such a continuum is developed by the method suggested in the papers of Landau and Khalatnikov. As an application, we consider the convective settling problem. We capture the Boycott effect and prove that the enhanced sedimentation occurs in a tilted vessel due to vortices. We do not call on additional interphase forces like the Stokes drag, the virtual mass force, the Archimedes force, the Basset-Boussinesq force and etc. Instead, we apply a generalized Fick's law for the particle mass concentration flux vector.
Unveiling the Flow Behavior Inside Gasoline Direct Injection Engine Cylinder Using High-Speed Time-Resolved Particle Image Velocimetry and Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation
Authors: El-Adawy Mohammed , Heikal M. R. , Aziz A. Rashid A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
ricardo-vectis computational fluid dynamics simulation of the in-cylinder air flow was first validated with those of the experimental results from high-speed particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements taking cognizant of the midcylinder tumble plane. Furthermore, high-speed fuel spray measurements were carried out simultaneously with the intake-generated tumble motion at high valve lift using high-speed time-resolved PIV to chronicle the spatial and time-based development of air/fuel mixture. The effect of injection pressure(32.5 and 35.0 MPa) and pressure variation across the air intake valves(150, 300, and 450 mmH2O) on the interaction process were investigated at a valve lift 10 mm where the tumble vortex was fully developed and filled the whole cylinder under steady-state conditions. The PIV results illustrated that the intake generated-tumble motion had a substantial impact on the fuel spray distortion and dispersion inside the cylinder. During the onset of the injection process, the tumble motion diverted the spray plume slightly toward the exhaust side before it followed completely the tumble vortex. The fuel spray plume required 7.2 ms, 6.2 ms, and 5.9 ms to totally follow the in-cylinder air motion for pressure differences 150, 300, and 450 mmH2O, respectively. Despite, the spray momentum was the same for the same injection pressure, the magnitude of kinetic energy was different for different cases of pressure differences and subsequently the in-cylinder motion strength.
Superphénix Benchmark Part II: Transient Results
Authors: Ponomarev A. , Mikityuk K. , Fridman E. , Di Nora V. A. , Bubelis E. , Schikorr M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The paper presents a transient simulation phase of the new benchmark on a large sodium fast reactor (SFR). This phase of the benchmark is devoted to the modeling of selected operational transients performed during startup tests of the French SFR Superphénix. Six operational transients were selected for the analysis. The specifications of a simplified thermal hydraulic model equipped with point kinetics reactivity data and boundary conditions for the selected transients are given in the paper. The developed model contains a necessary thermal hydraulic description of the primary system components, assumptions to account for thermal expansion reactivity feedback from out-of-core structures, neutron kinetics parameters, power distribution, and reactivity coefficients. The neutronic input parameters were obtained with the help of the Monte Carlo code serpent during the first phase of the benchmark related to the static neutronic characterization of the core. In this study, the solution of the transient benchmark was obtained with three thermal hydraulic system codes, namely, TRACE, SIM-SFR, and ATHLET. The numerical results, compared to the available experimental data, exhibit a reasonable mutual agreement. Particular discrepancies between calculations and experiments could not be fully resolved. Therefore, a set of recommendations for achieving an improved agreement was proposed. In general, the proposed transient benchmark can be seen as an effective tool for validation and cross comparisons of system codes applied for safety analyses of SFRs, including approbation and comparison of different modeling features for thermal expansion of the out-of-core structures.
Optimal Design of Integrated Distributed Energy Systems for Off-Grid Buildings in Different U.S. Regions
Authors: Zhang Jian , Cho Heejin , Mago Pedro 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Off-grid concepts for homes and buildings have been a fast-growing trend worldwide in the last few years because of the rapidly dropping cost of renewable energy systems and their self-sufficient nature. Off-grid homes/buildings can be enabled with various energy generation and storage technologies, however, design optimization and integration issues have not been explored sufficiently. This paper applies a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) optimization to obtain an optimal design of integrated distributed energy systems for off-grid homes in various U.S. climate regions. Distributed energy systems consisting of renewable and non-renewable power generation technologies with energy storage are employed to enable off-grid homes/buildings and meet required building electricity demands. In this study, the building types under investigation are residential homes. Multiple distributed energy resources are considered such as combined heat and power systems (CHP), solar photovoltaic (PV), solar thermal collector (STC), wind turbine (WT), as well as battery energy storage (BES) and thermal energy storage (TES). Among those technologies, CHP, PV, and WT are used to generate electricity, which satisfies the building’s electric load, including electricity consumed for space heating and cooling. Solar thermal energy and waste heat recovered from CHP are used to partly supply the building’s thermal load. Excess electricity and thermal energy can be stored in the BES and TES for later use. The MOGA is applied to determine the best combination of DERs and each component’s size to reduce the system cost and carbon dioxide emission for different locations. Results show that the proposed optimization method can be effectively applied to design integrated distributed energy systems for off-grid homes resulting in an optimal design and operation based on a tradeoff between economic and environmental performance.
Preliminary Design, Analysis, and Cost Modeling of the Particle Handling System for a Pre-Commercial 26.5 MW-e Solid Particle Concentrated Solar Power Plant
Authors: Repole Kenzo , Alaqel Shaker , Jeter Sheldon , Al-Ansary Hany , Yeung Ryan , Sarfraz Muhammad 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper covers the development of the preliminary design process, analysis, and cost modeling for the critical component specifications of a particle handling system, for a Pre-commercial 26.5 MW-e solid Particle Heating Receiver (PHR) based Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) systems in the Middle East North Africa (MENA) region.