bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of BAG3 in bovine Deltapapillomavirus‐mediated autophagy
Authors: Roperto Sante 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBovine Deltapapillomavirus genus (δPV), comprises four members that are highly pathogenic and are frequently associated with bladder tumors of adult cattle and water buffaloes. In particular, bovine δPV‐2 and δPV‐13 are commonly found in urinary bladder tumors in adult large ruminants reared fully or partially on hilly/mountain pasturelands rich in bracken fern (Pteridium spp.) as the urinary bladder of the herbivores is the specific target for bracken genotoxins such as ptaquiloside (PT). PT is a sesquiterpenoid responsible for alkylation of adenine of codon 61 of gene H‐Ras, which results in Glutamine 61 substitution that is essential for guanosine triphosphate (GTP) hydrolysis. Glutamine substitution at position 61 impairs the intrinsic GTPase activity. Therefore, active GTP‐bound conformations (Ras‐GTP) accumulate in cells, thereby causing abnormal cell proliferation and differentiation. The aim of the present study is to stress how bovine δPVs upregulate different forms of selective autophagy, of which BAG3 is a key player. BAG3 plays a central role in autophagy and acts as a multifunctional hub for an interaction network at the cytosolic and mitochondrial level. BAG3 is a functional partner of bovine δPV E5 oncoprotein and forms a complex with molecular chaperones Hsc70/Hsp70/Hsp8B and with cochaperone CHIP. BAG3 interacts with Synpo2. It is believed that this interaction has a crucial role for autophagosome (mitophagosome) formation. Furthermore, in urothelial cells infected by bovine δPVs, BAG3 interacts with parkin and some receptors such as BNIP3/FUNDC1, which suggests that BAG3 is involved in both parkin‐dependent and ‐independent mitophagy that appear upregulate in bladder carcinogenesis of cattle induced by bovine δPVs. Surprisingly, BAG3 interacts also with ERAS, a protein encoded by the ERas gene, a novel member of the RAS family. Unlike in humans, the ERas gene is a functional gene in the cells of adult cattle, and it appears to play a role in bovine BAG3‐mediated selective autophagy, including mitophagy observed in urothelial cells spontaneously infected with bovine papillomavirus.
A pronounce approach on the catalytic performance of mesoporous natural silica toward esterification of acetic acid with iso‐amyl, benzyl, and cinnamyl alcohols
Authors: Said Abd El‐Aziz A. , Abd El‐Wahab Mohamed M. M. , El‐Gamal Nadia O. , Goda Mohamed N. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCatalytic esterification of acetic acid with iso‐amyl, benzyl, and cinnamyl alcohols in the liquid phase over unmodified natural silica catalyst has been studied. The virgin and calcined catalysts were characterized by thermal analyses (Thermogravimetry (TG) and diffrential thermal analysis (DTA)), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and N2 sorption analyses. The acidity of natural silica catalysts was investigated using isopropyl alcohol dehydration and chemisorption of pyridine and dimethyl pyridine. The results indicated that most of the acidic sites are of Brϕnsted type and of intermediate strength. The effect of different parameters such as reaction time, molar ratio, catalyst dosage, and calcination temperature was studied. Natural silica catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic performance with a selectivity of 100% to acetate esters formation. The maximum yields of isoamyl, benzyl, and cinnamyl acetate esters obtained in the batch conditions were 80, 81, and 83%, respectively. Whereas on adopting a simple distillation technique, these yields were successfully improved to higher values of 97, 98, and 90%, respectively. Experimental results manifested that the reaction followed Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism. Finally, the catalyst could be completely recycled without loss of its activity after four cycles of the esterification reactions.
Biocompatibility of mesoporous SBA‐16/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite and dentin demineralized particles on human dental pulp stem cells
Authors: Bulajić Dragica V. , Drljača Jovana , Čapo Ivan , Savić Slavica M. , Vojisavljević Katarina , Hodžić Aden , Sekulić Slobodan , Bajkin Branislav V. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the present work, a biomaterial (SBA‐16/HA) based on the growth of hydroxyapatite (HA) particles within an organized silica structure SBA‐16 (Santa Barbara Amorphous‐16) was developed to evaluate its application to act as a porous microenvironment promoting attachment and viability of human dental pulp stem cells of healthy deciduous teeth (SHED). First, SHED were isolated and their phenotypes were evaluated by flow cytometry. The samples of SBA‐16/HA were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), small and wide angle X‐ray scattering (SWAXS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectra detector (EDS). Afterward, cells were cultured in the eluates of the above‐mentioned biomaterial aged for 24 hr, 7. and 14 days. Bio‐Oss® and dentin particles are involved for comparison and cells are cultured in the eluates of these two materials also. Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium bromide assay‐MTT (3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide assay) was used for the determination of cell viability. The results obtained by all aforementioned characterization methods of SBA‐16/HA, revealed a uniform spherical mesoporous structure, an intrinsic characteristic of this material. This material displayed excellent biocompatibility on SHEDs, and even proliferative potential, indicating that SBA‐16/HA could potentially serve as a suitable substrate for bone regeneration. Contrary to SBA‐16/HA, dentin particles showed low cytotoxicity at all time points, compared to control and Bio‐Oss®groups. Our results substantiate the idea that SBA‐16/HA has a beneficial effect on SHEDs, thus paving the way toward developing new material for bone replacement.
Specific innate immune cells uptake fetal antigen and display homeostatic phenotypes in the maternal circulation
Authors: Arenas-Hernandez Marcia , Romero Roberto , Gershater Meyer , Tao Li , Xu Yi , Garcia-Flores Valeria , Pusod Errile , Miller Derek , Galaz Jose , Motomura Kenichiro , Schwenkel George , Para Robert , Gomez-Lopez Nardhy 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPregnancy represents a period when the mother undergoes significant immunological changes to promote tolerance of the fetal semi-allograft. Such tolerance results from the exposure of the maternal immune system to fetal antigens (Ags), a process that has been widely investigated at the maternal-fetal interface and in the adjacent draining lymph nodes. However, the peripheral mechanisms of maternal-fetal crosstalk are poorly understood. Herein, we hypothesized that specific innate immune cells interact with fetal Ags in the maternal circulation. To test this hypothesis, a mouse model was utilized in which transgenic male mice expressing the chicken ovalbumin (OVA) Ag under the beta-actin promoter were allogeneically mated with wild-type females to allow for tracking of the fetal Ag. Fetal Ag-carrying Ly6G+ and F4/80+ cells were identified in the maternal circulation, where they were more abundant in the second half of pregnancy. Such innate immune cells displayed unique phenotypes: while Ly6G+ cells expressed high levels of MHC-II and CD80 together with low levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, F4/80+ cells up-regulated the expression of CD86 as well as the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β. In vitro studies using allogeneic GFP+ placental particles revealed that maternal peripheral Ly6G+ and F4/80+ cells phagocytose fetal Ags in mid and late murine pregnancy. Importantly, cytotrophoblast-derived particles were also engulfed in vitro by CD15+ and CD14+ cells from women in the second and third trimester, providing translational evidence that this process also occurs in humans. Collectively, this study demonstrates novel interactions between specific maternal circulating innate immune cells and fetal Ags, thereby shedding light on the systemic mechanisms of maternal-fetal crosstalk.
Introducing a New Biomarker Named R2*‐BOLD‐MRI Parameter to Assess Treatment Response in Osteosarcoma
Authors: Kim Chu Hyun , Lee Ji Hyun , Lee Ji Won , Kim Eunju , Choi Sang‐Hee 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundWhile histologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NChT) is the major prognostic factor for osteosarcoma treatment, evaluating that response is difficult.PurposeTo evaluate the feasibility of the blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) technique to assess the response to NChT.Study TypeProspective.PopulationTwelve patients with osteosarcoma undergoing NChT.Field Strength/Sequence3 T; T2*‐weighted BOLD, dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) and diffusion‐weighted (DW) (b values of 0, 400, and 1400 seconds/mm2) sequences.AssessmentExamination was performed before treatment (first), after each cycle of treatment (second and third). At each time point, spin dephasing rates (R2*) from BOLD magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), parameters from DCE‐MRI (volume transfer constant [Ktrans], reflux rate [kep], volume fraction of the extravascular extracellular matrix [ve], and blood plasma volume [vp]), and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) from DW‐MRI were measured.Statistical TestsWilcoxon's signed rank test, Spearman's correlation coefficient (ρ) were used. A P‐value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe difference and relative difference of the R2* values between the first/third MRIs in the extraosseous portion were statistically significant. Only the differences in the kep values between the first/second and between the first/third MRIs in the extraosseous portion were significant. The differences in the ADCs in the extraosseous and osseous portions were not statistically significant (P = 0.151, P = 0.733 each in extraosseous portion and P = 0.569, P = 0.129 each in osseous portion). The relative difference in R2* values in the extraosseous portion between the first/third MRI (ρ = 0.706) was significantly better correlated with the pathologic grade than those of kep and ADC over the same period (ρ = 0.286 and ρ = −0.091, respectively).Data ConclusionThe R2* from the BOLD MRI technique could be a useful biomarker for evaluating treatment response in osteosarcoma treated with NchT.Level of Evidence5Technical EfficacyStage 2
Quantifying uncertainty in multivariate quantile estimation of hydrometeorological extremes via copula: A comparison between bootstrapping and Markov chain Monte Carlo
Authors: Yang Pan , Ng Tze Ling 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe performance of uncertainty estimation methods, namely bootstrapping and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), in univariate frequency analysis of hydrometeorological extremes has been well tested in the literature. However, the two methods have not been thoroughly compared for multivariate frequency analysis of such events. In this study, we compare the performance of bootstrapping and MCMC in estimating the uncertainty of bivariate quantiles of extremes as defined by the return period quantiles of hydrologic drought duration and severity, and concurrent meteorological drought and heat wave. Using a copula framework, we analyse the accuracy and size of confidence intervals of the bivariate quantiles, and bias in point estimates of them. We also investigate the performance of the two methods in estimating the uncertainty of univariate quantiles of the marginal distributions of the resulting bivariate copulas. This is to evaluate if any advantage of one method over the other is consistent, whether in estimating the univariate or bivariate quantiles. We conduct this study with synthetic datasets of various sample sizes and predefined distributions derived from a set of empirical data. The results show MCMC to be superior when estimating the uncertainty of bivariate quantiles where the sample size is small (~50). Where the sample size is large (~100 and ~200), the results show bootstrapping to be the better option for estimating uncertainties of bivariate quantiles. For estimating uncertainties of univariate quantiles, bootstrapping is performing better under all investigated sample sizes. Results and conclusions in this study will be beneficial for hydrometeorological risk assessment, hydrologic infrastructure design, and water resources assessment.
Untargeted rapid differentiation and targeted growth tracking of fungal contamination in rice grains based on headspace‐gas chromatography‐ion mobility spectrometry
Authors: Gu Shuang , Wang Zhenhe , Wang Jun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDMilled rice are prone to be contaminated with spoilage or toxigenic fungi during storage, which may pose a real threat to human health. Most traditional methods require long periods of time for enumeration and quantification. However, headspace‐gas chromatography‐ion mobility spectrometry (HS‐GC‐IMS) technology could characterize the complex volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from samples in a non‐destructive and environmentally friendly manner. Thus, this study described an innovative HS‐GC‐IMS strategy for analyzing VOC profiles to detect fungal contamination in milled rice.RESULTSA total of 24 typical target compounds were identified. Analysis of variance‐partial least squares regression (APLSR) showed significant correlations between the target compounds and colony counts of fungi. While the changes of selected volatile components (acetic acid, 3‐hydroxy‐2‐butanone and oct‐en‐3‐ol) in fungi‐inoculated rice had sufficiently high positive correlations with the colony counts, the logistic model could effectively be used to monitor the growth of individual fungus (R2 = 0.902–0.980). PLSR could effectively be used to predict fungal colony counts in rice samples (R2 = 0.831–0.953), and the different fungi‐inoculated rice samples at 24 h could be successfully distinguished by support vector machine (SVM) (94.6%). The ability of HS‐GC‐IMS to monitor fungal infection would help to prevent contaminated rice grains from entering the food chain.CONCLUSIONSThis result indicated that HS‐GC‐IMS three‐dimensional fingerprints may be appropriate for the early detection of fungal infection in rice grains. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Sex, racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in patients with metastatic bone disease
Authors: Jawad Muhammad Umar , Pollock Brad H. , Wise Barton L. , Zeitlinger Lauren N. , O’ Donnell Edmond F. , Carr‐Ascher Janai R. , Cizik Amy , Ferrell Betty , Thorpe Steven W. , Randall R. Lor 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe have analyzed sex, race/ethnicity or socioeconomic disparities in the incidence of metastatic bone disease (MBD).MethodsPatients with the diagnosis of MBD at presentation for five most common primary anatomical sites was extracted from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Census tract–level dataset. Mean incidence of MBD for different sex, racial/ethnic and socioeconomic groups were compared.ResultsThe five most common anatomical sites with MBD at presentation include “lung: (n = 59 739), “prostate” (n = 19 732), “breast” (n = 16 244), “renal” (n = 7718) and “colon” (n = 3068). There was an increase in incidence of MBD among cancers originating from prostate (annual percentage change [APC] 4.94), renal (APC 2.55), and colon (APC 3.21) (p < 0.05 for all). Non‐Hispanic Blacks had higher incidence of MBD for prostate and breast primary sites (p < 0.001). Non‐Hispanic American Indian Alaskan Native had higher incidence of MBD for cancers originating from renal (p < 0.001) and colon (p = 0.049). A higher incidence of MBD was seen in lower socioeconomic status (SES) groups for the selected sites (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that there are multiple sex‐related, racial/ethnic and SES disparities in the incidence of MBD from the 5 most common primary sites. Higher incidence seen among lower SES suggests delay in diagnosis and limited access to screening modalities.
Analysis of port‐wine birthmark vascular characteristics by location: Utility of optical coherence tomography mapping
Authors: Wang Jordan V. , Mehrabi Joseph N. , Abrouk Michael , Pomerantz Hyemin , Palma Anton M. , Zachary Christopher B. , Waibel Jill S. , Kelly Kristen M. , Geronemus Roy G. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionPort‐wine birthmarks (PWBs) are congenital capillary malformations that can be located on any area of the body. Vascular features include vessel size, depth, and density, which can greatly differ between patients, individual lesions, and even sites within the same lesion. Previous studies have determined that the location of PWB lesions has impacted their clinical response to laser treatment.ObjectiveWe utilized dynamic optical coherence tomography (D‐OCT) to measure in vivo vessel diameter, density, and superficial plexus depth in patients of all ages with PWB on various sites of the body. We hypothesized that these vascular characteristics would differ according to body location.Materials and MethodsPatients who had a PWB and presented to clinic at three sites for treatment with the pulsed dye laser (PDL) were enrolled into the study. A D‐OCT scanner was utilized for noninvasive, in vivo imaging of PWB lesions. The depth of the top portion of the superficial vascular plexus was estimated as the depth at which the vessel density reaches 50% of the maximum. Vessel diameter and density were calculated by incorporated software algorithm.ResultsA total of 108 patients were enrolled into the study. There was a total of 204 measurements of PWB lesions. Of all patients, 56.5% (n = 61) reported having a previous treatment with PDL. Of all D‐OCT scans, 62.3% (n = 127) were located on the head, 14.2% (n = 29) the upper extremities, 8.3% (n = 17) the lower extremities, 7.8% (n = 16) the trunk, and 7.8% (n = 15) the neck. All locations were compared for each vascular characteristic. For superficial plexus depth, lesions on the head were significantly shallower than those on the upper extremities (217 vs. 284 µm; p < 0.001) and lower extremities (217 vs. 309 µm; p < 0.001). For vessel diameter, lesions on the head had significantly larger vessels than those on the upper extremities (100 vs. 72 µm; p = 0.001). For vessel density, lesions on the head had significantly denser vessels than those on the trunk (19% vs. 9.6%; p = 0.039) and upper extremities (19% vs. 9.3%; p < 0.001)ConclusionsPWB lesions have distinct vascular characteristics, which can be associated with their body location. This includes superficial vascular plexus depth as well as vessel diameter and density.
Diffusivity of Multicomponent Gas Mixtures in Polyethylene
Authors: Ben Mrad Amel , Sheibat‐Othman Nida , Valaei Sina , Bartke Michael , McKenna Timothy F. L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA study of the multicomponent diffusion of important processes gases in linear low density polyethylene is presented. It is demonstrated that, much like in the case of multicomponent solubilities, one cannot use pure component diffusivities to predict mass transfer rates in multicomponent systems. It is postulated that interaction between the penetrant species and the polymer modifies the free volume in a concentration‐dependent manner, so it is necessary to consider the gas phase composition when calculating realistic diffusion coefficients. In addition, describing the particle morphology as an assembly of normally distributed characteristic length scales is proposed. This allows one to better fit the experimental data, and is a coherent description of experimentally observed particle morphology.
The effects of packaging design of private brands on consumers' responses
Authors: Hwang Jiyoung , Kim Soojin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study examines how retailers can capitalize on the packaging design for multitier private brands to drive positive consumer responses. We shed light on cognitive and affective consumer responses in relation to consumers' visual processing, price‐consciousness, and perception of retailer‐private brand congruity. The results of two studies, a pilot test, and a post‐hoc test with US consumers confirm that premium packaging design has a strong, positive impact on brand equity and consumer choice of private brands over national brands, through quality perception (i.e., cognitive response) and perceived hedonism (i.e., affective response). The impacts of packaging design on consumer responses are conditional such that packaging design influences those with a high or medium level of visual processing (i.e., a consumer characteristic), but not those with a low level of visual processing. Furthermore, we show when the premium packaging may not be preferred by showing that the moderating effects of visual processing are conditional upon the level of price‐consciousness and retailer‐private brand congruity. As one of the first studies on this topic, these insights advance the literature and help retailers develop and tailor implementations of their private brands.
[11C]Carboxylated Tetrazines for Facile Labeling of Trans‐Cyclooctene‐Functionalized PeptoBrushes
Authors: García‐Vázquez Rocío , Battisti Umberto Maria , Shalgunov Vladimir , Schäfer Gabriela , Barz Matthias , Herth Matthias Manfred 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFunctionalization of macromolecules (antibodies, polymers, nanoparticles) with click‐reactive groups greatly enhances the versatility of their potential applications. Click chemistry based on tetrazine – trans‐cyclooctene (TCO) ligation is especially promising and is already widely applied for pretargeted imaging and therapy. Indirect radiolabeling of TCO‐functionalized macromolecules with substoichiometric amounts of radioactive tetrazines is a convenient way to monitor the fate of those macromolecules by means of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging after their administration into the test subject. In this work, the preparation is reported of TCO‐containing graft copolymers, namely PeptoBrushes (polyglutamic acid‐graft‐polysarcosine), novel [11C]carboxylated tetrazines, and their combined use in radiolabeling the polymer by inverse electron demand Diels Alder reaction, to investigate it is potential for an application in pretarget imaging or injectable brachytherapy. The procedure for [11C]tetrazine production is easy and scalable, while indirect TCO‐PeptoBrushes labeling with these [11C]tetrazines is mild, fast, and quantitative. This strategy allows facile 11C‐labeling of diverse TCO‐functionalized macromolecules, so that their localization and distribution shortly after injection can be assessed by PET.
Early Weaning in Endangered Delta Smelt: Effect of Weaning Time on Growth and Survival
Authors: Hung Tien-Chieh , Ellison Luke , Stevenson Troy , Sandford Marade , Schultz Andrew A. , Eads Angela R. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Successful aquaculture operations strive to produce high-quality, healthy fish while minimizing costs. One way to do this is to wean fish off live feed as soon as possible to a formulated dry feed. In this study, Delta Smelt Hypomesus transpacificus were weaned onto a dry feed diet at three life stages: early larval (14 days posthatch [dph]), late larval (60 dph), and juvenile (105 dph), and compared to a control group of fish receiving live prey to 160 dph according to current practices. Delta Smelt did not have high survival or growth when dry feed was introduced at 14 dph, and showed significant increases in growth but low survival when the weaning process was started at 60 dph. Fish going through the experimental weaning process starting at 105 dph showed higher growth and survival rates than the control regime, indicating that this is a more optimal time to wean them off the live prey diet. Our findings suggest that Delta Smelt production methods could be improved by weaning fish earlier than the 160 dph currently implemented at the conservation hatchery.