bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wallaciana gen. nov. (Hemiptera: Membracidae), a new treehopper genus endemic to montane south‐eastern Australia
Authors: Evangelista Olivia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA recent expedition to the protected areas of the Australian Capital Territory prompted the discovery of a new treehopper (Hemiptera: Membracidae) genus and species after a 20 year taxonomic hiatus. Wallaciana gen. nov. is proposed to accommodate the type species Wallaciana barringtonensis (Day, 1999) comb. nov. (=Neocanthuchus barringtonensis Day, 1999) and Wallaciana namadgi sp. nov., which are described and illustrated in detail. Key diagnostic traits are discussed in comparison to other members of the tribe, and DNA sequence data are provided for the holotype of W. namadgi sp. nov.
Prevalence and associated factors of frailty in patients attending rural and urban geriatric clinics
Authors: Nguyen Huan Thanh , Nguyen An Huu , Nguyen Giao Thi Xuan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and factors associated with frailty in rural and urban older outpatients in Vietnam.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 1084 outpatients (aged ≥60 years; mean age 71.7 ± 7.4 years; female 65%) from rural (n = 600) and urban (n = 484) geriatric clinics from December 2019 to July 2020. Frailty was assessed using Fried frailty phenotype. Factors associated with frailty were assessed using logistic regression.ResultsOverall, frailty prevalence was 28% (rural, 26%; urban, 30%; p = 0.220). Factors associated with frailty were older age (odds ratio [OR] 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13–1.20, p < 0.001), being underweight (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.10–3.27, p = 0.025) and limitations in activities of daily living (ADLs) (OR 6.04, 95% CI 1.63–22.41, p = 0.007) and instrumental ADLs (OR 5.83, 95% CI 3.74–9.08, p < 0.001). Higher education (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.29–0.76, p = 0.002) and productive work (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.21–0.71, p = 0.002) were protective factors against frailty.ConclusionsIn Vietnam, the prevalence of frailty in older outpatients was 28%, though not significantly different between urban and rural areas. Older age, being underweight and limitations in functional status can increase the odds of frailty, but higher education and productive work can reduce the odds of frailty.
Antipsychotic prescribing in people admitted to hospital with dementia or delirium
Authors: Tumusiime William A. , Hardman Caitlin J. , Breen Juanita L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate antipsychotic prescribing in people with dementia or delirium admitted to a large regional Queensland hospital.MethodsA retrospective observational study analysing medical records of patients prescribed antipsychotics over 6 months.ResultsWe audited a sample of 141 patients, 65 years or over (over 45 years for indigenous peoples) with dementia or delirium, without severe mental illness, prescribed antipsychotics. Over a third (35%) were prescribed antipsychotics prior to admission, with 73% prescribed a new antipsychotic in hospital. Only 23% received documented review of antipsychotic therapy. Under half (48%) had evidence of non‐pharmacological interventions as first‐line management. Sixty‐eight patients (48%) were discharged with antipsychotics; however, only 4% were provided an antipsychotic management plan.ConclusionsInitiation and continuation of antipsychotics in patients with dementia or delirium in hospital is common, with infrequent review. There is significant potential to reduce prescribing antipsychotics in people admitted to hospital with dementia or delirium.
Work‐related well‐being of personal care attendants employed in the aged care sector: Prevalence and predictors of compassion fatigue
Authors: Jameson Sonja , Parkinson Lynne 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the factors contributing to compassion fatigue (CF) for personal care attendants (PCAs) working in the Australian aged care sector.MethodsSocial media was the main recruitment mode. An anonymous online self‐report survey collected demographic information and measures of CF from 169 PCAs, aged between 18 and 66 years.ResultsHigh levels of CF were reported by 53.3% of respondents. Compassion fatigue was higher in PCAs working in residential aged care than those in community care. Predictors of CF were psychological distress, not having time to care for clients, and poor work psychosocial safety climate. Psychological distress explained 47.9% of the variance in the regression model.ConclusionsMany PCAs working in the Australian aged care sector report experiencing CF, which is highly associated with psychological distress. Interventions to reduce psychological stress for PCAs in aged care are urgently needed to ensure quality care and safety for residents.
Rationale and feasibility assessment of an institution‐based virtual reality hub in orthopaedic surgical training: an Australian pilot study
Authors: Le Allan , Krishna Anuj , Lambers Anton Philip , Hardidge Andrew , Balakumar Jitendra 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundVirtual reality (VR) has been established as a valuable tool outside of medicine but there has been limited uptake in orthopaedics despite being a specialty heavily dependent on psychomotor skills. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of setting up an on‐site virtual reality surgical training hub for an orthopaedic surgery unit. A secondary objective was to document encountered hurdles to assist other institutions with a similar process.MethodsThe study explored the logistical and organizational considerations in the process of creating a virtual reality training area. This included: review of location, set up management, funding arrangements, set up time, research opportunities and training time. Set up and completion times were recorded during a separate trial of 24 participants ranging from medical students to senior consultant orthopaedic surgeons.ResultsA VR training area was successfully established over a period of 3 months. A dedicated area for training where the equipment remains permanently was designated to facilitate ease of use. Average set up took 7.5 min to turn the computer on and 25 min for the participants to start the module. Issues identified during set up were recorded.ConclusionsThe study demonstrated that it is possible to set up a dedicated area for virtual reality surgical training within a hospital unit. A dedicated lockable area is the most feasible method of establishing such a space and reduces the requirement to recalibrate and transfer equipment around the hospital.
Intensive dysphagia rehabilitation program for patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Charters Emma , Clark Jonathan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn response to the pathophysiology and expected trajectory of dysphagia that arises following treatment for head and neck cancer (HNC), an intensive and progressive approach to dysphagia is warranted. This pilot study evaluates the recovery of swallowing function following the implementation of an exercise‐based approach to dysphagia rehabilitation.MethodsConsecutive recruitment was carried out prospectively at a quaternary referral centre. Participants were aged 18 years and older and had completed treatment for HNC. Dysphagia was assessed pre and post a 10‐week rehabilitation program using videofluoroscopy swallow study (VFSS) and clinician‐and patient‐reported outcomes.ResultsTen participants were recruited over a 6‐month period, all of whom had oropharyngeal dysphagia confirmed on VFSS. At the conclusion of the 10‐week intervention period, DIGEST (Dynamic Imaging Grade of Swallowing Toxicity) scores improved significantly for both safety and efficiency components. Four of seven participants who had a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube at baseline were no longer reliant on it for their nutrition, hydration or medication at the completion of the therapeutic period. While four participants continued to aspirate on thin fluids, none developed aspiration pneumonia.ConclusionOropharyngeal dysphagia as a consequence of HNC treatment is challenging to rehabilitate; however, in selected patients, it is responsive to intensive and individualized rehabilitation programs.
Civic‐Led Banishment in South Africa: Punishment, Authority, and Spatialised Precarity
Authors: Cooper‐Knock S.J. , Super Gail 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCivic‐led banishment, a fundamentally spatial punishment, is an understudied phenomenon in South Africa and beyond. We define it as “a punitive spatial practice, enacted by non‐state actors in response to alleged criminality or deviance, which attempts varying degrees of socio‐spatial expulsion over time”. This definition lays the framework for a socio‐spatial analysis of punishment, and yields insights into the exercise of socio‐spatial control in public and private space. We emphasise the specific challenges associated with banishment, together with the relationship between space, punishment, public authority, and sovereignty. We demonstrate how “negotiations” around banishment trade off two forms of intersecting precarity: those faced by residents in informal settlements and the potential precarity of public authorities. Finally, we argue that an exploration of all forms of punishment through the lens of socio‐spatial expulsion enables us to tap into conversations around penal abolitionism.
Effects of alkaline protease on the production performance, egg quality, and cecal microbiota of hens during late laying period
Authors: Chen Xiaochen , Ma Wenfeng , Hu Naizhi , Yan Yan , Zhu Yipu , Wang Zhanbin , Jiao Guobao , Chen Xiaoyu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of diet supplementation with alkaline protease (AKP) on the production performance, egg quality, and cecal microbiota of laying hens. A total of 720 Hy‐Line Brown laying hens (60 weeks old) were divided into four groups with six replicates of 30 birds each. No AKP was added to the control diet, and the hens in the other three groups (Groups 1, 2, and 3) were fed the basal diet supplemented with AKP preparations at 3, 6, and 9 u/g of diet, respectively. Results showed that AKP supplementation significantly decreased the feed/egg ratio (p < 0.05). Compared with that of the control group, the eggshell strength of Group 1 was significantly increased (p < 0.05), and the egg yolk weight of Groups 1 and 3 was significantly increased (p < 0.05). Distinctive difference in cecal microbiota was observed between AKP and control groups, and the average values of microbial diversity was lower in the AKP group than in the control group. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes at the phylum level, Rikenellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Christensenellaceae at the family level, and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_Group, Lactobacillus, Romboutsia, Lachnoclostridium, and Blautia at the genus level in the AKP group changed significantly compared with that in the control group (p<0.05).
Anticancer properties and pharmaceutical applications of ginsenoside compound K: A review
Authors: Zhou Li , Li Zhong‐Kun , Li Cong‐Yuan , Liang Yue‐Qin , Yang Fan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGinsenoside compound K (CK) is the major intestinal bacterial metabolite of ginsenosides that exhibits anticancer potential in various cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. The anticancer types, mechanisms, and effects of CK in the past decade have been summarized in this review. Briefly, CK exerts anticancer effects via multiple molecular mechanisms, including the inhibition of proliferation, invasion, and migration, the induction of apoptosis and autophagy, and anti‐angiogenesis. Some signaling pathways play a significant role in related processes, such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, JNK/MAPK pathway, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, the effects of CK combined with nanocarriers for anticancer efficiency are discussed in this review. Furthermore, we aimed to review the research progress of CK against cancer in the past decade, which might provide theoretical support and effective reference for further research on the medicinal value of small molecules, such as CK.
Perceptions of family‐centred care among caregivers of children with cerebral palsy in South India: An exploratory study
Authors: Poojari Deepalaxmi Paresh , Umakanth Shashikiran , Maiya G. Arun , Rao Bhamini Krishna , Brien Marie , Narayan Amitesh 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundParental views and expectations about family‐centred care (FCC) need to be understood for its successful implementation. Knowledge of caregiver's perceptions and needs, within their social and cultural context, forms the basis for effective health care partnerships with families. The purpose of this study was to explore perceptions about FCC among caregivers of children with cerebral palsy (CP) in South India.MethodFourteen caregivers of children with CP (aged 4–12 years) living in rural areas of the coastal region of Karnataka, India, participated in this qualitative study. Face‐to‐face semi‐structured interviews were recorded and transcribed for analysis using the framework and hybrid approaches. Thematic mapping of the categories and themes was done to explore relationships about perceptions of FCC.ResultsCaregiver's life emerged inductively as a new theme highlighting caregiver's own physical and mental health, family roles and well‐being, integrating the onus of care with household responsibilities, limited participation in personal activities and social isolation. The qualitative findings revealed the ubiquity of respectful and trusting relationships with health professionals while expressing paucity of coordinated comprehensive care, sporadic partnerships and opportunities for shared decision‐making; desire for receiving specific information related to child's progress and prognosis; and general information on community resources and the need of empowerment and support groups.ConclusionOur study has practical implications for the implementation of FCC within the South Indian context, by recognizing unique caregiver needs and expectations in sync with cultural perspectives towards childhood disability such as societal stigma, values and traditional beliefs; attitudes towards medical professionals; and life stressors and gender responsibilities.
Expanding Accessibility: Sensory Sensitive Programming for Museums
Authors: Schwartzman Rachel , Knowles Christen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMuseums in the US have a responsibility to provide accessible facilities stipulated by the American with Disabilities Act (ADA). Unfortunately, programming adjustments beyond physical accessibility is generally an emerging consideration or only implemented in large, established institutions. Although some museums have implemented disability‐specific programming, focusing on more universal challenges of access (e.g., sensory needs) can increase accessibility in a museum of any size and budget. The following manuscript presents an example of a small science museum in a mid‐size city and the development and implementation process of innovative sensory‐sensitive programming for community members with disabilities and their families. By addressing a common characteristic that spans across different disabilities, the Sensory Sensitive Program (SSP) was successfully implemented and attended by a diverse array of community members. Feedback from patrons attending the pilot event is reported and used to inform the iterative development process for the program. Considerations for future implementation of SSP are provided.
Is the relapse concept in studies of substance use disorders a ‘one size fits all’ concept? A systematic review of relapse operationalisations
Authors: Moe Fredrik D. , Moltu Christian , McKay James R. , Nesvåg Sverre , Bjornestad Jone 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIssuesRelapse is a theoretical construct and empirical object of inquiry. It is unclear how relapse is operationalised with regard to the various phases in substance use disorders (SUD). The aim was to investigate relapse operationalisations in SUDs studies after short‐ and long‐term abstinence and remission, recovery and slip/lapse.ApproachSystematic review using the following databases: Epistemonikos, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL and DARE), MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Web of Science and PsycINFO. Search returned 3426 articles, with 276 meeting the following inclusion criteria: empirical study published in English in a peer‐reviewed journal; samples meet diagnostic criteria for dependence syndrome or moderate–severe drug use disorder or alcohol use disorder; reports relapse, abstinence, recovery, remission, slip or lapse. Review protocol registration: PROSPERO (CRD42020154062).Key FindingsThirty‐two percent of the studies had no definition of ‘relapse’. Most relapse operationalisations were defined according to measure (26%), time (17%), use (26%) and amount and frequency (27%). Of the 16 studies with a follow‐up duration of up to 2 years, one (6%) contained a definition of ‘long‐term abstinence’. Of the 64 studies with a follow‐up duration of more than 2 years, four (6%) contained a definition of ‘long‐term abstinence’. Of those, one (2%) mentioned ‘early relapse’ and one (2%) mentioned ‘late relapse’.ImplicationsFuture research is needed to explore the possible difference between early and late relapse. Moreover, working to increase consensus on relapse operationalisations in SUD research is warranted.ConclusionsWe identified no consensus on relapse operationalisations nor agreement on the differentiation between early and late relapse. The clinical utility of current relapse operationalisations seems low and may compromise knowledge accumulation about relapse and implementation of research into treatment.
Phylogenetic congruence between Neotropical primates and plants is driven by frugivory
Authors: Fuzessy Lisieux , Silveira Fernando A. O. , Culot Laurence , Jordano Pedro , Verdú Miguel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSeed dispersal benefits plants and frugivores, and potentially drives co‐evolution, with consequences to diversification evidenced for, e.g., primates. Evidence for macro‐coevolutionary patterns in multi‐specific, plant‐animal mutualisms is scarce, and the mechanisms driving them remain unexplored. We tested for phylogenetic congruences in primate‐plant interactions and showed strong co‐phylogenetic signals across Neotropical forests, suggesting that both primates and plants share evolutionary history. Phylogenetic congruence between Platyrrhini and Angiosperms was driven by the most generalist primates, modulated by their functional traits, interacting with a wide‐range of Angiosperms. Consistently similar eco‐evolutionary dynamics seem to be operating irrespective of local assemblages, since co‐phylogenetic signal emerged independently across three Neotropical regions. Our analysis supports the idea that macroevolutionary, coevolved patterns among interacting mutualistic partners are driven by super‐generalist taxa. Trait convergence among multiple partners within multi‐specific assemblages appears as a mechanism favouring these likely coevolved outcomes.
Comparison of the efficacy of rifampin/azithromycin and rifampin/tulathromycin for the treatment of foals affected with pneumonia
Authors: Goebel B. , Freise F. , Venner M. 
Published: November 2021

SummaryBackgroundThere is a lack of data on treatment protocols of moderate to severe pneumonia in foals.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of two antibiotic combinations, rifampin/azithromycin and rifampin/tulathromycin, and to find out which one leads to faster healing of pulmonary abscesses in foals and long‐term treatment success.Study designThe study was designed as a prospective, randomised and blind study.MethodsA total of 160 foals older than 4 weeks of age with moderate to severe pneumonia from a Warmblood stud were included in the study. An abscess score of ≥15 cm was chosen as the start of treatment to rule out possible spontaneous healing of foals with ultrasonographic pulmonary findings. Foals with moderate to severe pneumonia were randomly assigned to one of two groups and treated with different antibiotic combinations. The foals assigned to group R/T (n = 87) were treated with rifampin (10 mg/kg orally once daily) and tulathromycin (2.5 mg/kg dose once weekly intramuscularly/intravenously). The foals in group R/A (n = 73) were treated with rifampin and azithromycin (each 10 mg/kg orally once daily). The effect of treatment was evaluated twice weekly based on the findings of the clinical examination and the sonographically determined abscess score. Additionally, the white blood cell count of the foals was determined once weekly.ResultsThe recovery rates (group R/T 89.6% and group R/A 91.7%) did not differ significantly between treatment groups. Most foals needed 3 weeks of treatment to recover.Main limitationsAs the pneumonia was diagnosed in an early stage, it is questionable whether the results can be transferred to clinical cases with more severe lesions.ConclusionIn our study population, both antimicrobial combinations were effective in treating foals with moderate to severe bronchopneumonia in 3 weeks of time.
The impact of gender‐based microaggressions and internalized sexism on mental health outcomes: A mother–daughter study
Authors: Feigt Nicole D. , Domenech Rodríguez Melanie M. , Vázquez Alejandro L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough research is emerging on the subtle slights that women experience, research is needed regarding the frequency with which gender‐based microaggressions occur, their impact on mental health, and how views on gender roles may influence their impact.ObjectiveThe current study examined how mothers and daughters experienced gender‐based microaggressions, internalized sexism, and mental health symptoms.MethodsThe sample included 102 predominantly White mother–daughter pairs. Adolescents were 14 to 18 years old, and mothers were 34 to 68 years old. Mothers and daughters answered surveys including a demographic questionnaire, the Gender‐Microaggressions Scale, Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, the Patient Health Questionnaire—9 for depression, and the General Anxiety Disorder—7 for anxiety.ResultsGreater gender‐related microaggressions experienced in the past month were related to higher levels of mental health distress associated with depression and anxiety among mothers and daughters (p < .05). Mothers and daughters scores were significantly correlated (p < .05) for microaggressions experienced in the past month, total score of the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, depression, and anxiety. For mother's depression, a mother's level of ambivalent sexism approached significance in terms of moderating the relationship between microaggressions and mental health (p = .055).ConclusionOur findings suggest that microaggressions are related to mental health distress in adolescent girls and middle‐aged women.ImplicationsUncovering the chronic nature of gender‐based microaggressions and how these may affect individuals and family systems may be useful in individual and family therapy as well as in efforts to change broader social processes.