bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomass‐Derived Carbon Materials: Controllable Preparation and Versatile Applications
Authors: Wang Yiliang , Zhang Mingchao , Shen Xinyi , Wang Huimin , Wang Haomin , Xia Kailun , Yin Zhe , Zhang Yingying 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBiomass‐derived carbon materials (BCMs) are encountering the most flourishing moment because of their versatile properties and wide potential applications. Numerous BCMs, including 0D carbon spheres and dots, 1D carbon fibers and tubes, 2D carbon sheets, 3D carbon aerogel, and hierarchical carbon materials have been prepared. At the same time, their structure–property relationship and applications have been widely studied. This paper aims to present a review on the recent advances in the controllable preparation and potential applications of BCMs, providing a reference for future work. First, the chemical compositions of typical biomass and their thermal degradation mechanisms are presented. Then, the typical preparation methods of BCMs are summarized and the relevant structural management rules are discussed. Besides, the strategies for improving the structural diversity of BCMs are also presented and discussed. Furthermore, the applications of BCMs in energy, sensing, environment, and other areas are reviewed. Finally, the remaining challenges and opportunities in the field of BCMs are discussed.
Tailoring Pore Structures of 3D Printed Cellular High‐Loading Cathodes for Advanced Rechargeable Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ma Hui , Tian Xiaocong , Wang Teng , Tang Kang , Liu Zixian , Hou Shuen , Jin Hongyun , Cao Guozhong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDeveloping high‐loading cathodes with superior electrochemical performance is desirable but challenging in aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) for commercialization. Advanced 3D printing of cellular and hierarchical porous cathodes with high mass loading for superior ZIBs is explored here. To obtain a high‐performance 3D printable ink, a composite material of iron vanadate and reduced holey graphene oxide is synthesized as the ink component. A cellular cathode with hierarchical porous architecture for aqueous ZIBs is then designed and fabricated by 3D printing for the first time. The unique structures of 3D printed composite cathode provide interpenetrating transmission paths as well as channels for electrons and ions. 3D printed cathodes with high mass loading over 10 mg cm−2 exhibit a high specific capacity of 344.8 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and deliver outstanding cycling stability over 650 cycles at 2 A g−1. In addition, the printing strategy enables the ease increase in mass loading up to 24.4 mg cm−2, where a remarkably high areal capacity of 7.04 mAh cm−2 is reached. The superior electrochemical performance paves the new way to design the state‐of‐the‐art cathodes for ZIBs.
Metal Phenolic Network‐Integrated Multistage Nanosystem for Enhanced Drug Delivery to Solid Tumors
Authors: Gao Yuhao , Yang Si‐Cong , Zhu Mao‐Hua , Zhu Xin‐Di , Luan Xin , Liu Xue‐Liang , Lai Xing , Yuan Yihang , Lu Qin , Sun Peng , Lovell Jonathan F. , Chen Hong‐Zhuan , Fang Chao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMetal‐phenolic networks (MPNs) are an emerging class of supramolecular surface modifiers with potential use in various fields including drug delivery. Here, the development of a unique MPN‐integrated core‐satellite nanosystem (CS‐NS) is reported. The “core” component of CS‐NS comprises a liposome loaded with EDTA (a metal ion chelator) in the aqueous core and DiR (a near‐infrared photothermal transducer) in the bilayer. The “satellite” component comprises mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) encapsulating doxorubicin and is coated with a Cu2+‐tannic acid MPN. Liposomes and MSNs self‐assemble into the CS‐NS through adhesion mediated by the MPN. When irradiated with an 808 nm laser, CS‐NS liberated the entrapped EDTA, leading to Cu2+ chelation and subsequent disassembly of the core‐satellite nanostructure. Photo‐conversion from the large assembly to the small constituent particles proceeded within 5 min. Light‐triggered CS‐NS disassembly enhanced the carrier and cargo penetration and accumulation in tumor spheroids in vitro and in orthotopic murine mammary tumors in vivo. CS‐NS is long circulating in the blood and conferred improved survival outcomes to tumor‐bearing mice treated with light, compared to controls. These results demonstrate an MPN‐integrated multistage nanosystem for improved solid tumor treatment.
Point Defect Engineering: Co‐Doping Synergy Realizing Superior Performance in n‐Type Bi2Te3 Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: Zhu Bin , Wang Wu , Cui Juan , He Jiaqing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBi2Te3 has attracted great attention because of its excellent thermoelectric (TE) performance around room temperature. However, the TE property of the n‐type Bi2Te3 is still relatively low compared to the p‐type counterpart, which seriously hinders its commercial application with a combination of the n‐type and p‐type materials. Herein, an effective process of Cl and W co‐doping is employed into the n‐type Bi2Te3 materials to enhance its TE properties. The Bi1.996W0.004Te2.476Cl0.024Se0.5 sample achieves a peak and average ZT over 1.3 and 1.2, respectively, at temperature range of 300–575 K. A 24‐leg TE module of this n‐type material and a home‐made p‐type Bi2Te3 sample can produce a high efficiency over 6% at a temperature gradient of 235 K, which possesses a 71% improvement compared with a commercial Bi2Te3 module. This high performance is ascribed to the effect of the Cl and W doping. This co‐doping not only significantly increases the Grüneisen parameter but also successfully induces interstitial atoms in the van der Waals gap, which lead to a low lattice thermal conductivity (κl) of 0.31W m−1 K−1 and a boosted charge transport. This finding represents an important step to promote the development of the n‐type Bi2Te3 materials.
Aufbereitete Strukturspannungen für Wanddickensprung und Ringsteifenanschluss bei Rohrkonstruktionen
Authors: Unterweger Harald , Ecker Alexander 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFür Rohrkonstruktionen im Stahlwasserbau und im Mastbau sind häufig Ermüdungsnachweise erforderlich. Für die sehr häufigen Konstruktionsdetails, i) Wanddickensprung an der Umfangsnaht mit variabler Fasenneigung und ii) Ringsteifenanschluss (außen liegend) bzw. Rohrflanschanschluss, werden nachfolgend aufbereitete Strukturspannungen zur Verfügung gestellt sowie die zutreffende Vorgehensweise beim Ermüdungsnachweis erläutert. Die aufbereiteten Strukturspannungen können auch für elastische Spannungsnachweise im Grenzzustand der Tragfähigkeit dienen. Der Hintergrund zu den dargestellten Nomogrammen, die sowohl die Längskraftbeanspruchung Δnx als auch die Umfangsbeanspruchung Δσφ infolge Innendruckänderungen Δpi abdecken, wird erläutert. Zwei Anwendungsbeispiele verdeutlichen die Vorgehensweise mit den Nomogrammen in der Praxis und belegen die Treffsicherheit gegenüber den angeführten numerischen FE‐Berechnungen.
Redox and pH‐Responsive NCC/L‐Cysteine/CM‐β‐CD/FA Contains Disulfide Bond‐Bridged as Nanocarriers for Biosafety and Anti‐Tumor Efficacy System
Authors: Ehsanimehr Sedigheh , Moghadam Peyman Najafi , Dehaen Wim , Shafiei‐Irannejad Vahid 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the present research, a new nanocarrier for targeted drug delivery to tumor cells based on nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was synthesized. For this purpose, firstly, the NCC was prepared from microcrystalline cellulose by acidic hydrolysis and then it was modified by aminopropyl trimethoxy silane (APTMS) as a linker. The L‐cysteine was oxidized to form a disulfide bond and conjugated to modify NCC. Afterwards, the disulfide NCC was reacted with carboxymethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (CM‐β‐CD) and finally, folic acid (FA) as a targeting agent was embedded into the CD cavity via host‐guest interactions for the synthesis of the NCC targeted nanocarrier. Doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded into nanocarrier spheres and the total release of the NCC targeted nanocarrier is about 71% at pH = 5, and about 48% at pH = 7.4 in 45 hours at 37 °C. In the presence of 10 mM DTT, most of the disulfide bonds are broken and the complex nanocarrier is destroyed, thus drug release increases and reaches 83%. The effect of the drugloaded nanocarrier was investigated on breast cancer cells (MCF7 cells). Characterization was performed using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX), and Ultraviolet‐visible spectrophotometry (UV‐Vis) analyses.
Cross‐sectional behaviour and design of ferritic and duplex stainless steel EHS in compression
Authors: Mohammed Asif , Cashell Katherine A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper describes an investigation into the cross‐sectional behaviour of elliptical hollow section (EHS) columns made from ferritic and duplex stainless steel. The EHS is a relatively new structural shape with a number of favourable attributes including aesthetic appeal, high strength‐to‐weight ratio, good torsional resistance and excellent flexural strength. In recent years there have been significant developments in the analysis and understanding of these shapes, although most studies have focused on carbon steel EHS. The work so far is taken a step further here by considering some of the newer grades of stainless steel that are used in structural applications. A numerical model is developed and validated against test data from the literature and is then employed to generate structural performance data. Subsequently, parametric studies are performed to investigate the influence of individual parameters such as the material properties, aspect ratio and local slenderness of cross‐sectional elements. The accuracy of existing design procedures is assessed by comparing the numerical data with the resistances obtained using Eurocode 3. It is shown that the cross‐sectional slenderness limits given in Eurocode 3 for EHS members made from carbon steel can also be safely used for sections made from ferritic and duplex stainless steel.
An Innovative (DIW-Based) Additive Manufacturing Process
Authors: Poudelet Louison , Castellví Anna , Calvo Laura 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis chapter will describe the activity of Fenix project that consisted in developing the hardware, infrastructure and processes to make possible the re-use of the recycled metals through an Additive Manufacturing (AM) method called Direct Ink Writing (DIW). It will first explain what is DIW and why it is an interesting way to give added value to recycled materials specially metals. It will then focus on the working principles and the parts of a DIW machine and end with a conclusion of the adequacy of this technology to new circular business models for the recycling of Waste of Electric and Electronic Equipment (WEEE).
User Participation and Social Integration Through ICT Technologies
Authors: Spiliotis Aristotelis 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUser is one of the most important stakeholder cluster and its participation can link the end of life and early stages in the life cycle of each product when considering the adoption of a circular business model. This chapter presents the main elements of the customer engagement, as identified through a State-of-the-Art analysis carried out in the context of FENIX, as well as those electronic tools in which they will be integrated together with conventional tools for the conduction of commercial activities and the tools to facilitate the interaction with the other actors and activities of FENIX within a single access point digital platform (FENIX Marketplace). The SoA analysis identified the motivational factors that promote a greater customer engagement for the participation throughout all business routes (B2B, B2C but also C2C) applicable in the project. These strategies are improved and enhanced using benefits provided by the social media for the participation in the process. The customer involvement is directly linked to the motives provided within FENIX Marketplace.
Einleitende Überlegungen zu einer Politischen Bildung für die digitale Öffentlichkeit
Authors: Hubacher Manuel S. , Waldis Monika 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Ziel, die Lernenden zu befähigen, als selbstbestimmte und -ermächtigte Bürger*innen am Politischen teilzuhaben, verlangt in einer Mediengesellschaft unter anderem danach, jene Systeme verstehen, kritisieren und gestalten zu können, die politische Information kreieren und verbreiten. Um der Komplexität und den Interdependenzen dieser Systeme gerecht zu werden, ist auf verschiedenste Fachbereiche und deren Zugänge zurückzugreifen. Diese bilden die Grundlage, um Lernende zu befähigen, sich selbstbestimmt und emanzipiert mit den gesellschaftspolitischen Fragen des 21. Jahrhunderts auseinanderzusetzen. Basierend auf den Beiträgen dieses Sammelbandes skizzieren wir grundlegende Aspekte einer Politischen Bildung für die digitale Öffentlichkeit.
Medienkompetenz als Schlüssel für Demokratiekompetenz
Authors: Schröder Michael 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDer folgende Beitrag fordert eine digitale Souveränität, d. h. die Befähigung zur Kultivierung der digitalen Welten. Dafür müssen Medienbildung, Politische Bildung, Soziales Lernen und Werteerziehung zusammenfließen zu einer digitalen Demokratiekompetenz. Die ist nötig in einer umfassend und tief greifend mediatisierten und digitalisierten Gesellschaft. Sie fördern heißt, ethisch-kulturelles und politisches Wissen, Reflexionsvermögen sowie Motivation und Wille zum sozialen und politischen Handeln in der digitalisierten Welt zu vermitteln.
When freeze-out occurs due to a non-Boltzmann suppression: a study of degenerate dark sector
Authors: Biswas Anirban , Ganguly Sougata , Roy Sourov 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Exponential suppression or commonly known as the Boltzmann suppression in the number density of dark matter is the key ingredient for creating chemical imbalance prior to the usual thermal freeze-out. A degenerate/quasi-degenerate dark sector can experience a different exponential suppression in the number density analogous to the radioactive decay law leading to a delayed freeze-out mechanism of dark matter known as the co-decaying dark matter. In this work, we study the dynamics of a multicomponent dark matter from thermally decoupled degenerate dark sector in a hidden U(1)X extension of the Standard Model. We compute the relic density of dark matter frozen-out through the co-decaying mechanism by solving four coupled Boltzmann equations. We demonstrate how temperature T′ of the dark sector changes due to all types of 3 → 2 and 2 → 2 interactions along with the eternal expansion of the Universe. We find that 3 → 2 interactions enhance T′ by producing energetic particles in the dark sector while the excess heat is transferred by 2 → 2 interactions to the entire dark sector. As the direct detection is possible only through the feeble portal couplings, we investigate the neutrino and γ-ray signals from dark matter annihilation via one step cascade processes and compare our results with the measured fluxes of atmospheric neutrinos by Super-Kamiokande and diffuse γ-rays by Fermi-LAT, EGRET, INTEGRAL collaborations. We find that the present scenario easily evades all the existing bounds from atmospheric neutrino and diffuse γ-ray observations for degenerate dark sector. However, the constraints are significant for quasi degenerate scenario.
Global properties of the conformal manifold for S-fold backgrounds
Authors: Giambrone Alfredo , Malek Emanuel , Samtleben Henning , Trigiante Mario 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We study a one-parameter family of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 anti-de Sitter vacua with U(1)2 symmetry of gauged four-dimensional maximal supergravity, with dyonic gauge group [SO(6) × SO(1, 1)] ⋉ ℝ12. These backgrounds are known to correspond to Type IIB S-fold solutions with internal manifold of topology S1 × S5. The family of AdS4 vacua is parametrized by a modulus χ. Although χ appears non-compact in the four-dimensional supergravity, we show that this is just an artefact of the four-dimensional description. We give the 10-dimensional geometric interpretation of the modulus and show that it actually has periodicity of $$ \frac{2\pi }{T} $$

2
π

T

, which is the inverse radius of S1. We deduce this by providing the explicit D = 10 uplift of the family of vacua as well as computing the entire modulus-dependent Kaluza-Klein spectrum as a function of χ. At the special values χ = 0 and χ = $$ \frac{\pi }{T} $$

π
T

, the symmetry enhances according to U(1)2 → U(2), giving rise however to inequivalent Kaluza-Klein spectra. At χ = $$ \frac{\pi }{T} $$

π
T

, this realizes a bosonic version of the “space invaders” scenario with additional massless vector fields arising from formerly massive fields at higher Kaluza-Klein levels.
Chiral anomaly in SU(2)R-axion inflation and the new prediction for particle cosmology
Authors: Maleknejad Azadeh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUpon embedding the axion-inflation in the minimal left-right symmetric gauge extension of the SM with gauge group SU(2)L× SU(2)R× U(1)B−L, [1] proposed a new particle physics model for inflation. In this work, we present a more detailed analysis. As a compelling consequence, this setup provides a new mechanism for simultaneous baryogenesis and right-handed neutrino creation by the chiral anomaly ofWRin inflation. The lightest right-handed neutrino is the dark matter candidate. This setup has two unknown fundamental scales, i.e., the scale of inflation and left-right symmetry breaking SU(2)R× U(1)B−L→U(1)Y. Sufficient matter creation demands the left-right symmetry breaking scale happens shortly after the end of inflation. Interestingly, it prefers left-right symmetry breaking scales above 1010GeV, which is in the range suggested by the non-supersymmetric SO(10) Grand Unified Theory with an intermediate left-right symmetry scale. AlthoughWRgauge field generates equal amounts of right-handed baryons and leptons in inflation, i.e. B−L = 0, in the Standard Model sub-sector B−LSM≠ 0. A key aspect of this setup is that SU(2)Rsphalerons are never in equilibrium, and the primordial B−LSMis conserved by the Standard Model interactions. This setup yields a deep connection between CP violation in physics of inflation and matter creation (visible and dark); hence it can naturally explain the observed coincidences among cosmological parameters, i.e.,ηB≃ 0.3Pζand ΩDM≃ 5ΩB. The new mechanism does not rely on the largeness of the unconstrained CP-violating phases in the neutrino sector nor fine-tuned masses for the heaviest right-handed neutrinos. The SU(2)R-axion inflation comes with a cosmological smoking gun; chiral, non-Gaussian, and blue-tilted gravitational wave background, which can be probed by future CMB missions and laser interferometer detectors.
On ambiguities and divergences in perturbative renormalization group functions
Authors: Herren Florian , Thomsen Anders Eller 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
There is an ambiguity in choosing field-strength renormalization factors in the $$ \overline{\mathrm{MS}} $$

MS
¯

scheme starting from the 3-loop order in perturbation theory. More concerning, trivially choosing Hermitian factors has been shown to produce divergent renormalization group functions, which are commonly understood to be finite quantities. We demonstrate that the divergences of the RG functions are such that they vanish in the RG equation due to the Ward identity associated with the flavor symmetry. It turns out that any such divergences can be removed using the renormalization ambiguity and that the use of the flavor-improved β-function is preferred. We show how our observations resolve the issue of divergences appearing in previous calculations of the 3-loop SM Yukawa β-functions and provide the first calculation of the flavor-improved 3-loop SM β-functions in the gaugeless limit.
Matrix integrals & finite holography
Authors: Anninos Dionysios , Mühlmann Beatrix 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We explore the conjectured duality between a class of large N matrix integrals, known as multicritical matrix integrals (MMI), and the series (2m − 1, 2) of non-unitary minimal models on a fluctuating background. We match the critical exponents of the leading order planar expansion of MMI, to those of the continuum theory on an S2 topology. From the MMI perspective this is done both through a multi-vertex diagrammatic expansion, thereby revealing novel combinatorial expressions, as well as through a systematic saddle point evaluation of the matrix integral as a function of its parameters. From the continuum point of view the corresponding critical exponents are obtained upon computing the partition function in the presence of a given conformal primary. Further to this, we elaborate on a Hilbert space of the continuum theory, and the putative finiteness thereof, on both an S2 and a T2 topology using BRST cohomology considerations. Matrix integrals support this finiteness.
Rank 2 local systems and abelian varieties
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Raju , Pál Ambrus 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLet $$X/\mathbb {F}_{q}$$

X
/

F
q

be a smooth, geometrically connected variety. For X projective, we prove a Lefschetz-style theorem for abelian schemes of $$\text {GL}_2$$

GL
2

-type on X, modeled after a theorem of Simpson. Inspired by work of Corlette-Simpson over $$\mathbb {C}$$
C
, we formulate a conjecture that absolutely irreducible rank 2 local systems with infinite monodromy on X come from families of abelian varieties. We have the following application of our main result. If one assumes a strong form of Deligne’s (p-adic) companions conjecture from Weil II, then our conjecture for projective varieties reduces to the conjecture for projective curves. We also answer affirmitavely a question of Grothendieck on extending abelian schemes via their p-divisible groups.
A qualitative study exploring personal recovery meaning and the potential influence of clinical recovery status on this meaning 20 years after a first-episode psychosis
Authors: O’Keeffe Donal , Sheridan Ann , Kelly Aine , Doyle Roisin , Madigan Kevin , Lawlor Elizabeth , Clarke Mary 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeLong-term data on recovery conceptualisation in psychotic illness are needed to support mental health services to organise themselves according to recovery-oriented frameworks. To our knowledge, no previous research has investigated how first-episode psychosis (FEP) service users (sampled across psychotic illness type) perceive recovery beyond 5 years after diagnosis. We aimed to explore personal recovery meaning with individuals 20 years after their FEP and examine the potential influence of clinical recovery status on how they defined recovery (i.e. personal recovery).MethodsTwenty participants were purposefully sampled from an epidemiologically representative FEP incidence cohort. At 20-year follow-up, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 cohort members who met full ‘functional recovery criteria’ (Clinically Recovered Group) and 10 who did not (Not Clinically Recovered Group). A thematic analysis was performed to develop shared themes and group-specific sub-themes to capture agreement and divergence between groups.ResultsFive shared themes were produced: pursuing balance in conflict, generating meaning in life, experiencing a dynamic personal relationship with time, redressing inequality while managing added challenges/vulnerability, and directing life from resilience to flourishing. The five group-specific sub-themes developed illuminate differences in the meaning ascribed to personal recovery by each group.ConclusionFindings emphasise the role of time in how personal recovery is conceptualised by service users and identify ways clinical recovery may influence personal recovery meaning in FEP at mid-later life. Mental health services failing to consider temporal changes in meaning-making and discounting clinical recovery risk ignoring key factors affecting personal recovery.