bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multinational coordination required for conservation of over 90% of marine species
Authors: Roberson Leslie A. , Beyer Hawthorne L. , O’Hara Casey , Watson James E. M. , Dunn Daniel C. , Halpern Benjamin S. , Klein Carissa J. , Frazier Melanie R. , Kuempel Caitlin D. , Williams Brooke , Grantham Hedley S. , Montgomery Jamie C. , Kark Salit , Runting Rebecca K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMarine species are declining at an unprecedented rate, catalyzing many nations to adopt conservation and management targets within their jurisdictions. However, marine species and the biophysical processes that sustain them are naive to international borders. An understanding of the prevalence of cross‐border species distributions is important for informing high‐level conservation strategies, such as bilateral or regional agreements. Here, we examined 28,252 distribution maps to determine the number and locations of transboundary marine plants and animals. More than 90% of species have ranges spanning at least two jurisdictions, with 58% covering more than 10 jurisdictions. All jurisdictions have at least one transboundary species, with the highest concentrations of transboundary species in the USA, Australia, Indonesia, and the Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction. Distributions of mapped biodiversity indicate that overcoming the challenges of multinational governance is critical for a much wider suite of species than migratory megavertebrates and commercially exploited fish stocks—the groups that have received the vast majority of multinational management attention. To effectively protect marine biodiversity, international governance mechanisms (particularly those related to the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Convention on Migratory Species, and Regional Seas Organizations) must be expanded to promote multinational conservation planning, and complimented by a holistic governance framework for biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction.
A Hit or Miss—Can residential hall experience impact university students' development?
Authors: Ong Elsie Li Chen , Chu Sam Kai Wah 
Published: September 2021

AbstractResidential halls are an important component of college education, and the benefits for holistic personal development have been documented by previous research. The majority of studies, however, have focused on Western universities. The current research therefore assessed the academic, social and independent development of students attending universities in Hong Kong. A total of 1904 students completed a self‐report questionnaire measuring various aspects of their development. The students living in residential halls scored significantly higher than those not living in halls on five aspects of development—peer group interactions and communication skills, self‐efficacy, problem‐solving skills, self‐control and open‐mindedness—but not on other aspects such as academic development. The results imply that improvements to students' residential hall experiences are needed to facilitate their personal development.
Development and internal validation of the HIV In‐hospital Mortality Prediction (HIV‐IMP) risk score
Authors: Laher Abdullah E. , Paruk Fathima , Venter Willem D. F. , Ayeni Oluwatosin A. , Motara Feroza , Moolla Muhammed , Richards Guy A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite advances in availability and access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV still ranks as a major cause of global mortality. Hence, the aim of this study was to develop and internally validate a risk score capable of accurately predicting in‐hospital mortality in HIV‐positive patients requiring hospital admission.MethodsConsecutive HIV‐positive patients presenting to the Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital adult emergency department between 7 July 2017 and 18 October 2018 were prospectively enrolled. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine parameters for inclusion in the final risk score. Discrimination and calibration were assessed by means of the area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) and the Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness‐of‐fit test, respectively. Internal validation was conducted using the regular bootstrap technique.ResultsThe overall in‐hospital mortality rate was 13.6% (n = 166). Eight predictors were included in the final risk score: ART non‐adherence or not yet on ART, Glasgow Coma Scale < 15, respiratory rate > 20 breaths/min, oxygen saturation < 90%, white cell count < 4 × 109/L, creatinine > 120 μmol/L, lactate > 2 mmol/L and albumin < 35 g/L. After internal validation, the risk score maintained good discrimination [AUROC 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.78–0.88] and calibration (Hosmer–Lemeshow χ2 = 2.26, p = 0.895).ConclusionThe HIV In‐hospital Mortality Prediction (HIV‐IMP) risk score has overall good discrimination and calibration and is relatively easy to use. Further studies should be aimed at externally validating the score in varying clinical settings.
GLOBAL INFLUENCES ON GENDER INEQUALITY: EVIDENCE FROM FEMALE EMPLOYMENT IN KOREA
Authors: Choi Jaerim , Greaney Theresa M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDo multinational enterprises (MNEs) transfer gender‐equal employment practices across borders? Using firm‐level data for Korea, a country with low gender equality, we find evidence that MNEs bring their home countries' gender norms in employment with them. Foreign‐acquired firms report 2–12 percentage‐points higher female shares of permanent main‐task workers at firm headquarters compared with nonacquired firms and the differential increases with the level of gender equality in the MNEs’ home countries. We estimate that 1 to 7 percent of the productivity increase caused by foreign acquisition can be attributed to workforce reorganization that may reduce gender‐based misallocations of talent.
Impact of parasitism on levels of human-pathogenic Vibrio species in eastern oysters
Authors: Bienlien Lydia M. , Audemard Corinne , Reece Kimberly S. , Carnegie Ryan B. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aims
To investigate the relationships between individual health status of oysters, particularly with regard to parasitic infection, and variability in abundance of human-pathogenic Vibrio species.

Methods and Results
Aquacultured eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica, were analysed individually for infection by the protozoan parasite Perkinsus marinus through quantitative PCR, and total Vibrio vulnificus and total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus abundance was assessed using a most probable number (MPN)-qPCR approach. Additionally, perspective on general oyster health and other parasitic infections was obtained through histopathology. Perkinsus marinus infection and human-pathogenic Vibrio species levels were not correlated, but through histology, analyses revealed that oysters infected by Haplosporidium nelsoni harboured more V. vulnificus.

Conclusions
The highly prevalent parasite P. marinus had little influence on human-pathogenic Vibrio species levels in eastern oysters, but the less prevalent parasite, H. nelsoni, may influence V. vulnificus levels, highlighting the potential nuances of within-oyster dynamics of Vibrio species.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Human-pathogenic bacteria continue to be a concern to the oyster industry and causes for individual oyster variation in bacterial levels remain unknown. The major oyster pathogen P. marinus does not appear to affect levels of these bacteria within oysters, suggesting that other factors may influence Vibrio spp. levels in oysters.
Prolyl oligopeptidase inhibition reduces alpha‐synuclein aggregation in a cellular model of multiple system atrophy
Authors: Cui Hengjing , Kilpeläinen Tommi , Zouzoula Lydia , Auno Samuli , Trontti Kalevi , Kurvonen Sampo , Norrbacka Susanna , Hovatta Iiris , Jensen Poul Henning , Myöhänen Timo T. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMultiple system atrophy (MSA) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease where the histopathological hallmark is glial cytoplasmic inclusions in oligodendrocytes, rich of aggregated alpha‐synuclein (aSyn). Therefore, therapies targeting aSyn aggregation and toxicity have been studied as a possible disease‐modifying therapy for MSA. Our earlier studies show that inhibition of prolyl oligopeptidase (PREP) with KYP‐2047 reduces aSyn aggregates in several models. Here, we tested the effects of KYP‐2047 on a MSA cellular models, using rat OLN‐AS7 and human MO3.13 oligodendrocyte cells. As translocation of p25α to cell cytosol has been identified as an inducer of aSyn aggregation in MSA models, the cells were transiently transfected with p25α. Similar to earlier studies, p25α increased aSyn phosphorylation and aggregation, and caused tubulin retraction and impaired autophagy in OLN‐AS7 cells. In both cellular models, p25α transfection increased significantly aSyn mRNA levels and also increased the levels of inactive protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). However, aSyn or p25α did not cause any cellular death in MO3.13 cells, questioning their use as a MSA model. Simultaneous administration of 10 µM KYP‐2047 improved cell viability, decreased insoluble phosphorylated aSyn and normalized autophagy in OLN‐AS7 cells but similar impact was not seen in MO3.13 cells.
Business Cycles across Space and Time
Authors: FRANCIS NEVILLE , OWYANG MICHAEL T. , SOQUES DANIEL 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe study the comovement of international business cycles in a time‐series clustering model with regime switching. We extend the framework of Hamilton and Owyang (2012) to include time‐varying transition probabilities to determine what drives simultaneous business cycle turning points. We find four groups, or “clusters,” of countries that experience idiosyncratic recessions relative to the global cycle. In addition, we find the primary indicators of international recessions to be fluctuations in the term spread, equity markets, and geopolitical risk. In out‐of‐sample forecasting exercises, our model is an improvement over standard benchmark models for forecasting both aggregate output growth and country‐level recessions.
Effects of Perceived Autonomy Support on Academic Achievement and Motivation Among Higher Education Students: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Okada Ryo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis meta‐analysis aimed to reveal the extent to which perceived teachers' autonomy support affects academic achievement and motivation among higher education students. Overall, 153 correlations between perceived autonomy support and achievement‐related variables (academic performance, motivation, basic psychological needs satisfaction, and engagement) were collected through a systematic review. They were integrated to estimate population correlation coefficients using meta‐analytic procedures. The effect sizes (i.e., estimated population correlation coefficients) were small for academic performance, medium to large for autonomous motivation and basic psychological needs satisfaction, and small to medium for engagement. The estimated population correlations between autonomy support and motivation constructs were slightly different across countries. These results suggest that autonomy‐supportive teaching can be beneficial for higher education students' educational success in higher education.
Relationship between masticatory variables and bolus characteristics of meat with different textures
Authors: Pematilleke Nelum , Kaur Mandeep , Adhikari Benu , Torley Peter J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe physiological transformations that happen during oral processing are complex and challenging to capture and measure; however, their knowledge can help design new products for people who struggle with mastication and swallowing. Here we relate chewing, saliva incorporation and bolus properties with initial meat texture. Three different textures (T1—tender, T2—intermediate, T3—tough) were created by cooking meat in different temperature time combinations and “ready‐to‐swallow” meat boluses were collected from 10 healthy individuals. Masticatory variables, saliva incorporation, and bolus mechanical and geometrical characteristics were analyzed. Meat texture showed significant effect on masticatory variables (number of chews and chewing duration) but not on saliva incorporation. Bolus mechanical characteristics (hardness, cohesiveness and adhesiveness) varied significantly (p < .05) with meat texture, where meat with a harder texture resulted in a harder bolus. Number of bolus particles changed significantly (p < .05) with increasing meat hardness, where harder meat produced more bolus particles. Significant (p < .05) intersubject variability was recorded for masticatory parameters and saliva incorporation. Mechanical and geometrical characteristics of “ready‐to‐swallow” meat bolus did not vary among subjects.
A retrospective case series of clinical signs in 28 Beagles with Lafora disease
Authors: Flegel Thomas , Kornberg Marion , Mühlhause Franziska , Neumann Sophie , Fischer Andrea , Wielaender Franziska , König Florian , Pakozdy Akos , Quitt Pia R. , Trapp Andrea M. , Jurina Konrad , Steffen Frank , Rentmeister Kai W. , Flieshardt Cornelia , Dietzel Josephine 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundClinical signs and their progression in Beagles with Lafora disease are poorly described.ObjectivesTo describe clinical signs in Beagles with Lafora disease.AnimalsTwenty‐eight Beagles with Lafora disease confirmed by genetic testing or histopathology.MethodsRetrospective multicenter case series. Data regarding signalment, clinical signs, diagnostic tests and treatment were retrieved from hospital data files. A questionnaire was sent to owners asking about neurological deficits, changes in cognitive functions, behavioral changes, response to treatment and survival time.ResultsOnset of clinical signs was 8.3 years (mean; range, 6.3‐13.3). All dogs had myoclonic episodes as an initial clinical sign with tonic‐clonic seizures in n = 11/28 (39%) and n = 12/28 (43%) later developing tonic‐clonic seizures. Deficits of coordination (n = 21/25; 84%), impaired vision (n = 15/26; 58%), and impaired hearing (n = 13/26; 50%) developed later. Mental decline was observed as loss of house training (urination; n = 8/25; 32%), difficulties performing learned tasks (n = 9/25; 36%), and difficulties learning new tasks (n = 7/23; 30%). Common behavioral changes were: increased photosensitivity (n = 20/26; 77%), staring into space (n = 16/25; 64%), reduced stress resistance (n = 15/26; 58%), increased noise sensitivity (n = 14/26; 54%), and separation anxiety (n = 11/25; 44%). Twenty‐one dogs were alive (median age 11.9 years; range, 9.8‐18.6), and 7 dogs were dead (mean age 12.1 years; SD: 1.3; range, 10.5‐12.6) at time of writing.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceLafora disease in Beagles causes significant behavioral changes, and mental decline as well as neurological deficits in addition to myoclonic episodes and generalized tonic‐clonic seizures. Nevertheless, a relatively normal life span can be expected.
Height‐adjusted lean body mass and its associations with physical activity and kidney function in pediatric kidney transplantation
Authors: Ahmed Azim , Cote Anita , Lui Samantha , Blydt‐Hansen Tom D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough LBM is positively associated with health outcomes, studies assessing determinants for the accrual of ht‐LBM, such as physical activity, are limited. This study aimed to assess ht‐LBM levels in pediatric kidney transplant recipients and test its association with baseline and contemporaneous variables, including physical activity.MethodsA retrospective cross‐sectional review was performed on 46 pediatric kidney transplant recipients, and a longitudinal review was performed on a subset of recipients with serial post‐transplant (n = 21) and pre/post‐transplant (n = 11) ht‐LBM measurements. Ht‐LBM measurements were obtained using DXA scans.ResultsThis cohort was 16.0 (IQR 12.3, 17.7) years old, 56.5% male and 46 ± 45 months post‐transplant with a mean ht‐LBM of 15.1 ± 2.5 kg/m2. A median ht‐LBM increase of 1.6 kg/m2 (IQR − 0.1, 2.6 kg/m2; p < .01) was observed, over 29.2 ± 12.0 months from the earliest post‐transplant scan obtained at 46 ± 25 months post‐transplant until the most recent post‐transplant scan. A 1.7 ± 1.4 kg/m2 (p < .01) increase was observed between pre‐ and post‐transplant DXA scans which were taken at 12 ± 11 months pre‐transplant and 13 ± 6 months post‐transplant, respectively. In separate adjusted models, lower physical activity questionnaire scores (n = 17, beta = 1.55, p = .02), faster rate of estimated glomerular filtration rate decline (beta = 0.05, p < .048) adjusted for annualized change in BSA, and younger age at scan (beta = 0.32, p < .01) were each significant predictors of lower ht‐LBM.ConclusionsPhysical activity and kidney function may influence ht‐LBM in the pediatric kidney transplant population.
The role of FSH in body composition in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients
Authors: Roelofs Erica J. , Dengel Donald R. , Wang Qi , Hodges James S. , Steinberger Julia , Baker Scott 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundChildhood cancer survivors who received a hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) are at increased risk for follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) abnormalities, which may have a significant negative impact on bone health and body composition. This study's purpose was to examine FSH and body composition in HCT recipients, non‐HCT recipients and healthy controls.MethodsThe study included HCT recipients (n = 24), non‐HCT recipients (n = 309), and a control group of healthy siblings (n = 211) all aged 9–18 years. A fasting blood sample was collected to measure FSH. All participants underwent a dual X‐ray absorptiometry scan to assess total and regional percent fat, lean mass (LM), fat mass (FM), bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass.ResultsFSH was significantly higher in HCT recipients compared to non‐HCT recipients and healthy controls. HCT recipients had significantly lower total body weight, total LM, arm and leg LM, BMC and BMD compared to non‐HCT recipients and healthy controls (p < .05). Non‐HCT recipients had significantly higher total, trunk, android, gynoid, arm and leg FM compared to healthy controls. Also, healthy controls had significantly lower VAT mass compared to non‐HCT recipients.ConclusionsThis study's results show that HCT recipients have significant reductions in BMD, worse body composition, and abnormal FSH levels compared to non‐HCT recipients and healthy controls.
Evaluation of Photobiogoverning Role of Blue Light Irradiation on Viral Replication
Authors: Oh Phil‐Sun , Kang Kyung Won , Ryu Seung Rok , Lim SeokTae , Sohn Myung‐Hee , Lee Sang‐Myeong , Jeong Hwan‐Jeong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMost recently, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 has triggered a global pandemic without successful therapeutics. The goal of the present study was to define the antiviral effect and therapeutic action of blue light irradiation in SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected cells. Vero cells were infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 (NCCP43326) or mock inoculum at 50 pfu/well. After blue light irradiation, the inhibitory effect was assessed by qPCR and plaque reduction assay. When Vero cells were irradiated to blue light ranging from 1.6 to 10 J cm−2, SARS‐CoV‐2 replication was inhibited by up to 80%. The antiviral effect of blue light irradiation was associated with translation suppression via the phosphorylation of eIF2α by prolonging endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The levels of LC3A/B and Beclin‐1, which are key markers of autophagy, and the levels of PERK and PDI for ER stress were highly increased, whereas caspase‐3 cleavage was inhibited after blue light irradiation in the later stage of infection. Our data revealed that blue light irradiation exerted antiviral and photo‐biogoverning activities by prolonging ER stress and stimulating autophagy progression during viral infection. The findings increase our understanding of how photo‐energy acts on viral progression and have implications for use in therapeutic strategies against COVID‐19.
Association analysis of GmMAPKs and functional characterization of GmMMK1 to salt stress response in soybean
Authors: Liao Xiliang , Shi Meiqi , Zhang Wei , Ye Qian , Li Yali , Feng Xianzhong , Bhat Javaid Akhter , Kan Guizhen , Yu Deyue 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSalinity is one of the major abiotic constraints affecting the growth and yield of plants including soybean. In this context, the previous studies have documented the role of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade in the regulation of salt signaling in model plants. However, there is not a systematic analysis of salt‐related MAPKs in soybean. Hence, in this study, we identified a total of 32 GmMAPKs via., genome‐wide reanalysis of the MAPK family using the soybean genome v4.0. Based on the transcriptome datasets in the public database, we observed that GmMAPKs are induced by different abiotic stresses, especially salt stress. Furthermore, based on the candidate gene association mapping and haplotype analysis of the GmMAPKs, we identified a salt‐related MAPK member, GmMMK1. GmMMK1 possesses significant sequence variations, which affect salt tolerance in soybean at the germination stage. Besides, the overexpression of the GmMMK1 in soybean hairy roots has a significant negative effect on the root growth, leading to increased sensitivity of the GmMMK1‐OE plants to salt stress. Moreover, the heterologous expression of the GmMMK1 in Arabidopsis has been also observed to have a negative effect on the germination and root growth under salt stress. The transcriptome analysis and yeast two‐hybrid screening showed that hormone signaling and the homeostasis of reactive oxygen species are involved in the GmMMK1 regulation network. In conclusion, the results of this work demonstrated that GmMMK1 is an important negative regulator of the salt stress response, and provides better insights for understanding the role of the MAPKs in soybean salt signaling.
Analysis of Networks via the Sparseβ-model
Authors: Chen Mingli , Kato Kengo , Leng Chenlei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractData in the form of networks are increasingly available in a variety of areas, yet statistical models allowing for parameter estimates with desirable statistical properties for sparse networks remain scarce. To address this, we propose the Sparse β-Model (SβM), a new network model that interpolates the celebrated Erdős–Rényi model and the β-model that assigns one different parameter to each node. By a novel reparameterization of the β-model to distinguish global and local parameters, our SβM can drastically reduce the dimensionality of the β-model by requiring some of the local parameters to be zero. We derive the asymptotic distribution of the maximum likelihood estimator of the SβM when the support of the parameter vector is known. When the support is unknown, we formulate a penalized likelihood approach with the ℓ0-penalty. Remarkably, we show via a monotonicity lemma that the seemingly combinatorial computational problem due to the ℓ0-penalty can be overcome by assigning non-zero parameters to those nodes with the largest degrees. We further show that a β-min condition guarantees our method to identify the true model and provide excess risk bounds for the estimated parameters. The estimation procedure enjoys good finite sample properties as shown by simulation studies. The usefulness of the SβM is further illustrated via the analysis of a microfinance take-up example.
A new allele, HLA‐C*08:228, identified by sequence‐based typing in a Korean individual
Authors: Kim Chris Gunwoo , Kwon Oh‐Joong , Park Yong , Cho Yunjung 
Published: September 2021

The new allele C*08:228 showed one nucleotide difference from C*08:01:01 in codon 36 (TTC −> TTG).