bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TolA, TolB, and TolR Are Critical Cell Envelope Proteins of Salmonella Enterica Serovar Choleraesuis Affecting Cell Morphology, OMVs Production, and Virulence
Authors: Li Quan , Li Zheng , Fei Xia , Tian Yichen , Zhou Guodong , Hu Yuhan , Wang Shifeng , Shi Huoying 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Tol-Pal system of Gram-negative bacteria is necessary for maintaining outer membrane integrity. It is a multiprotein complex of five envelope proteins, TolQ, TolR, TolA, TolB, and Pal. These proteins were first investigated in E. coli, and subsequently been identified in many other bacterial genera. However, the function of the Tol-Pal system in Salmonella Choleraesuis pathogenesis is still unclear. Here, we reported the role of three of these proteins in the phenotype and biology of S. Choleraesuis. We found that mutations in tolA, tolB, and tolR caused severe damage to the cell wall, which was supported by observing the microstructure of spherical forms, long chains, flagella defects, and membrane blebbing. We confirmed that all the mutants significantly decreased S. Choleraesuis survival when exposed to sodium deoxycholate and exhibited a high sensitivity to vancomycin, which may be explained by the disruption of envelope integrity. In addition, tolA, tolB, and tolR mutants displayed attenuated virulence in a mouse infection model. This could be interpreted as a series of defective phenotypes in the mutants, such as severe defects in envelope integrity, growth, and motility. Further investigation showed that all the genes participate in outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) biogenesis. Interestingly, immunization with OMVs from ΔtolB efficiently enhanced murine viability in contrast to OMVs from the wild-type S. Choleraesuis, suggesting its potential use in vaccination strategies. Collectively, this study provides an insight into the biological role of the S. Choleraesuis Tol-Pal system.
Human Emergency Behaviour Characteristics in Large-scale Emergencies Based on Mobile Communication Data
Authors: Wei XiaoLin , Luo Yi , Chen ZhenZhen , Zhao XuMing , Li HongYan , Wang Tao , Yu Wei , Zhu Lin , Liu FangYuan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The characteristics of human emergency behaviour under the emergency are a crucial scientific issue in basic emergency management research. The analysis of time dynamic aspects of human behaviour based on electronic footprint data provides a new method for quantitative investigation of this problem. Previous studies generally assumed that human behaviours were randomly distributed in time, but few studies studied the impact of emergencies and carried out prediction methods through social media data. Using mobile QQ space communication data, this paper from four kinds of emergencies and one kind of conventional event data, digging out the statistical characteristic on the time dimension of human communication behaviour, and in case of any emergencies, such as public security mode of evolution, to explore intrinsic emergency regularity of the impact of human communication behaviour model and further predict human behaviour characteristics. We found that the communication peaks accompanying an emergency are local in time, resulting in a communication avalanche that importantly engages eyewitness social networks. In mobile QQ space communication, the probability distribution of the interval time of the Posting behaviour sequence shows the statistical characteristics of power-law and approximate exponential tail. Compared with most of the typical Posting behaviour, the probability distribution of the interval time of the Posting behaviour sequence is higher. At the same time, the mnemonic is lower than most of the typical Posting behaviour, with a weak anti- mnemonic. These results are theoretically helpful in understanding the regularity of the impact of emergencies on human communication behaviour patterns and have potential application value in predicting the impact degree of crises and the analysis and classification of human social attributes.
Mitofusin 2 Integrates Mitochondrial Network Remodelling, Mitophagy and the Renewal of Respiratory Chain Proteins in Neurons After Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation.
Authors: Wojtyniak Piotr , Anna Boratynska-Jasinska , Karolina Serwach , Joanna Gruszczynska-Biegala , Barbara Zablocka , Jacek Jaworski , Kawalec Maria 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the efforts to develop effective therapeutic strategies limiting post-ischemic injury, mitochondria emerge as key element in determining the fate of the neurons. Mitochondrial damage can be alleviated by various mechanisms including mitochondrial network remodelling, mitochondrial elimination and mitochondrial protein biogenesis. However, the mechanisms regulating the relationship between these phenomena are poorly understood. Here we hypothesize that mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), a mitochondrial GTPase, involved in mitochondrial fusion, mitochondria trafficking and mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tethering, may act as a linking and regulatory factor in neurons following ischemic insult. To verify this assumption, we performed a temporal oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) on rat cortical primary culture to determine whether Mfn2 protein reduction may affect the onset of mitophagy, subsequent mitochondrial biogenesis and thus neuronal survival. In our study we found that Mfn2 knock-down increased the susceptibility of the neurons to the OGD. Mfn2 protein reduction prevented mitochondrial network remodelling and resulted in the prolonged mitophagosomes formation in response to the insult. Further on, Mfn2 protein reduction was accompanied by a reduced level of Parkin protein and an increased Parkin accumulation with mitochondria. As for Mfn2-expressing neurons, the OGD insult was followed by an elevated mtDNA content and an increase in the respiratory chain proteins. Neither of this phenomena were observed for Mfn2-reduced neurons. Collectively, our findings show that Mfn2 in neurons is involved in their response to mild and transient OGD stress, balancing the extent of elimination of defective mitochondria and positively influencing mitochondrial respiratory proteins levels. Our study confirms that Mfn2 is an essential element of the neuronal response to ischemic insult, necessary for the neuronal survival.
Multidrug-Resistant Epi-Endophytic Bacterial Community in Posidonia Oceanica Seagrass from Mahdia Coastal Seawater as Biomonitoring Factor for Antibiotic Contamination
Authors: Jebara Amel , Hassen Wafa , Ouesleti Amira , Mabrouk Lotfi , Jaziri Ahlem , Bella Guiseppa Di , Mansour Hedi Ben 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Faced with the significant disturbances, mainly of anthropogenic origin, which affect the Mediterranean coastal ecosystem, it is necessary to set up rapid diagnostic tools for these disturbances. Posidonia oceanica, which is one of the pillars of this ecosystem, has often been used to assess the state of health of the Mediterranean coastal environment. Despite environmental changes, this plant can accumulate reserves which allow it, during relatively long periods, to keep a stationary phenology. It may also represent important mechanisms for the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes among pathogenic bacterial populations. The present study aims to determine the multi-drug resistance patterns among isolated and identified epi-endophytic bacterial strains in Posidonia oceanica seagrass collected from Mahdia coastal seawater (Tunisia). 43 isolates were obtained, seven of them were selected and identified. These isolates belonged to the genus Bacillus. Susceptibility patterns of these strains were studied toward commonly used antibiotics in Tunisia. All identified isolates were completely resistant to Aztreonam, Ceftazidime, Trimethoprim, Amoxicillin and Rifampicin.
Pressure- and 3D-derived coronary Flow Reserve with Hydrostatic Pressure Correction - A Validation by Intracoronary Doppler Measurements
Authors: Tar Balázs , Ágoston András , Üveges Áron , Szabó Gábor Tamás , Szűk Tibor , Komócsi András , Czuriga Dániel , Csippa Benjámin , Paál György , Kőszegi Zsolt 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To develop a method of coronary flow reserve (CFR) calculation derived from threedimensional (3D) coronary angiographic parameters and intracoronary pressure data during fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurement. Methods: Altogether 19 coronary arteries of 16 native and 3 stented vessels were reconstructed in 3D. The measured distal intracoronary pressures were corrected to the hydrostatic pressure based on the height differences between the levels of the vessel orifice and the sensor position. Classical fluid dynamic equations were applied to calculate the flow during the resting state and vasodilatation on the basis of morphological data and intracoronary pressure values. 3D-derived coronary flow reserve (CFR p-3D ) was defined as the ratio between the calculated hyperemic and the resting flow and was compared to the CFR values simultaneously measured by the Doppler sensor (CFR Doppler ). Results: Haemodynamic calculations using the distal coronary pressures corrected for hydrostatic pressures showed a strong correlation between the individual CFR p-3D values and the CFR Doppler measurements (r=0.89, p<0.0001). Hydrostatic pressure correction increased the specificity of the method from 46.1% to 92.3% for predicting an abnormal CFR Doppler <2. Conclusions : CFR p-3D calculation with hydrostatic pressure correction during FFR measurement facilitates a comprehensive haemodynamic assessment, supporting the complex evaluation of macro- and microvascular coronary artery disease.
The Interconnected Dynamics of Partnership and HIV: A Qualitative Exploration of Experiences from Heterosexual Individuals Newly Diagnosed with HIV
Authors: sohail maira , Levitan Emily B. , Long Dustin M. , Mugavero Michael J. , Ojesina Akinyemi I. , Batey D. Scott 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background Recent studies have focused on the role of intimate partnership on HIV care outcomes among men who have sex with men in the United States (US) and heterosexual couples in some African studies, leaving a gap in the recent US-based literature on the role of having an intimate partner on HIV care outcomes among heterosexual couples. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the lived experiences of heterosexual individuals newly diagnosed with HIV regarding the role of partnership on HIV care. MethodsThis phenomenological study conducted one time, virtual, in-depth interviews with six heterosexual individuals newly diagnosed with HIV ≥2017. The data analysis followed Moustakas approach to identify themes and sub-themes. ResultsThe participants were predominantly female and African American with median age of 46 years. Four themes identifying association between partnership and HIV care included role of HIV on partnership, under which impact of HIV on partnership and presumed reaction if partner was diagnosed with HIV were identified; Impact of partnership on HIV identified perception on dealing with HIV diagnosis without a partner and role of family vs. partner in HIV care as sub-themes; forms of support from partner in HIV care identified partner support around the time of HIV diagnosis and linkage to HIV care and around retention in care; and perceptions on the types of partner-based clinic services, which identified areas such as couples therapy, assistance with partner communication on sensitive topics such as HIV disclosure, and HIV education of the partner. The findings showed that partnership played a vital role in HIV care among partnered individuals; and the importance of a partner in HIV care was acknowledged by unpartnered participants. Various support practices by partners around HIV diagnosis and retention in care were identified. Quality of partnership played a bigger role in HIV care than presence of partnership. ConclusionThe importance of partner-based interventions in improving the HIV care of the person with HIV (PWH) was acknowledged. While demonstrating views of mainly African American women living with HIV in the Southern US, findings may be transferrable to other heterosexual PWH in other locales.
Inter-Cluster Competition and Resource Partitioning May Govern the Ecology of Frankia
Authors: Sarkat Indrani , Sen Gargi , Bhattacharyya S , Gtari Maher , Sen Arnab 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Microbes live in a complex communal ecosystem. The structural complexity of microbial community reflects diversity, functionality as well as habitat type. Delineation of ecologically important microbial populations along with exploration of their roles in environmental adaptation or host-microbe interaction has a crucial role in modern microbiology. In this scenario, reverse ecology (the use of genomics to study ecology) plays a pivotal role. Some studies have reported the presence of other non-Frankia genus from the same root nodule from where the Frankia was isolated. Since co-existance of two different genus in one small niche should maintain a strict direct interaction, it will be interesting to utilize the concept of reverse ecology in this scenario.Here, we exploited an ‘R’ package, the RevEcoR, to resolve the issue of co-existing microbes which are proven to be a crucial tool for identifying the nature of their relationship (competition or complementation) persisting among them. Our target organism here is Frankia, a nitrogen-fixing actinobacterium popular for its genetic and host specificity nature. According to their plant host, Frankia has already been subdivided into four clusters CI, CII, CIII and CIV. Our results revealed a strong competing nature of CI Frankia. The competition index between CI and CIII was greater than other studied Frankia clusters. The other interesting result was the co-occurrence of C-II and C-IV groups. It was revealed that these two groups follow the theory of resource partitioning in their lifestyle. Metabolic analysis along with their differential transporter machinery validated our hypothesis of resource partitioning among C-II and C-IV group.
CO2 abatement economics - a practical view
Authors: Anderl Thomas 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The present studies aim at bridging between sophisticated scientific research and the broader society. The present work examines the economic stimulus required for the intended transition from fossil sources to renewables. To estimate cost competitiveness in energy supply from the various primary sources, a practicable, yet comprehensively levelized and fully described framework is applied. The estimates are compared with previous field reports and projection studies. In result, renewables have principally become cost-competitive to fossil sources in energy production. The overall transition to renewables is found to potentially come cost-neutral. It is argued that no special discounting be necessary if carbon emissions reduction is established in the order of 3 %/year (year-on-year) for about 100 years. Regarding transmission belts, it is advocated to cap plain CO2 pricing at 50 $/tCO2 and moreover, to emphasize distributive and differentiative regulation when considering free-market-based mechanisms such as CO2 pricing and carbon certification/crediting.
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant replication in human respiratory tract ex vivo
Authors: Chan Michael C. W. , Hui Kenrie PY , Ho John , Cheung Man-chun , Ng Ka-chun , Ching Rachel , Lai Ka-ling , Kam Tonia , Gu Haogao , Sit Ko-Yung , Hsin Michael , Au Wing-Kuk , Poon Leo , Peiris Malik , Nicholls John 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) with progressively increased transmissibility between humans is a threat to global public health. Omicron variant also evades immunity from natural infection or vaccines1. It is unclear whether its exceptional transmissibility is due to immune evasion or inherent virological properties.We compared the replication competence and cellular tropism of the wild type (WT) virus, D614G, Alpha, Beta, Delta and Omicron variants in ex vivo explant cultures of human bronchus and lung. Dependence on TMPRSS2 for infection was also evaluated. We show that Omicron replicated faster than all other SARS-CoV-2 in the bronchus but less efficiently in the lung parenchyma. All VOCs had similar cellular tropism as the WT. Delta was more dependent on serine protease than other VOCs tested.Our findings demonstrate that Omicron is inherently able to replicate faster than other variants known to date and this likely contributes to its inherently higher transmissibility, irrespective of its ability to evade antibody immunity. The lower replication competence of Omicron in human lung may be compatible with reduced severity but the determinants of severe disease are multifactorial. These findings provide important biological clues to the transmissibility and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 VOCs.
Physicochemical and biological quality of groundwater sources in Kadama Sub county, Kibuku District
Authors: Walekhwa Abel Wilson , Oporia Frederick , Halage Ali , Bulafu Douglas , Wafula Solomon Tsebeni , Chiara Achangwa , Osuret Jimmy , Musoke David 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
IntroductionWater should comply with standard/regulatory physio-chemical and biological parameters to ensure that it is safe for domestic use. We therefore sought to assess the physico-chemical and biological quality of groundwater sources in Kadama subcounty, Kibuku district, Eastern Uganda.MethodsA cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted. We collected water samples from twenty-three functional water sources. We assessed the turbidity, pH and presence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) using the turbidity meter, pH meter and membrane filtration technique, respectively. Furthermore, physical sanitary inspection of the water sources was done using a standard pretested observational checklist to assess existing risk factors.ResultsThe majority, 69.5% of the water sources included in the study were boreholes, with about 43.5% of them from Nandere parish. Majority of the water sources 86.9% (20/23) had clogged/blocked drainage channels, about a third of water sources 60.9% (14/23) did not have fences/protection around them and majority of the water sources, 82.6% (19/23) had stagnated apron. Some water sources 8.7% (2/23) had open defecation around them. The water samples had a mean pH of 6.87 (SD 0.920) with 4.4% acidic, 86.9% normal/acceptable pH level and 8.6% in alkaline state. About two-thirds (65.3%) of these water sources had turbidity levels less than 5 NTUs. In addition, boreholes had a better turbidity score of 81.2% (13/16) compared to the water wells 71.4% (5/7). About half, 43.5% of the water sources were above the WHO recommended range of zero coliforms.ConclusionsSome ground water sources had sanitary risk factors and significant levels of E. coli which makes them unfit for human consumption, though they can be used for other domestic purposes including washing clothes. This calls for urgent need to keep surrounding water sources clean and continuously disinfect drinking water from groundwater sources before human consumption.
Comprehensive Analysis of The Clinical Significance and Prognostic Value of The CBX Family in Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Endocervical Adenocarcinoma (CESC)
Authors: Zhou Pei , Ma Cong , Wu Caiyun , Yuan Jing , Wei Zhaolian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC) is the second most common type of cancer among gynecologic malignancies worldwide. Chromobox (CBX) family proteins are associated with the regulation of tumorigenesis, metastasis, and evolution of various cancers.Methods: The clinical features, expression levels, and prognostic value of CBXs in CESC were analyzed through several databases, including ONCOMINE, GEPIA, HPA, UALCAN, cBioPortal,Kaplan-Meier plotter and .Results: We concluded that the expression level of CBX2/4/8 was upregulated, while the expression level of CBX6/7 was downregulated in CESC specimens. Immune infiltration analysis revealed that CBX1/2/3/4/5/6/8 proteins were downregulated in normal cervical tissues, and upregulated in CESC specimens. In contrast, CBX7 protein expression was significantly higher in normal adjacent cervical tissues and was not detected in CESC tissues. CBX1/3/6 mRNA expression was significantly correlated with the pathological stage of CESC. Prognostic analysis showed that patients with high CBX7 levels of CESC had a favorable prognosis.Conclusions: Our study indicated that CBX7 could be an attractive biomarker for the prognosis of CESC.
The effect of the filling degree of the tumbling mill chamber on the bifurcation value of the froude number
Authors: Deineka Kateryna , Naumenko Yurii , Myronenko Tamara 
Published: December 2021

The influence of the filling degree of the drum chamber on the bifurcation value of the Froude number in the case of self-excitation of self-oscillations of a two-fraction granular charge with a minimum swing is considered. Such a pulsating mode of the charge movement is used in the self-oscillating grinding process in a tumbling mill. The coarse fraction that simulated the milling bodies consisted of spherical particles of an incoherent granular material with a relative size in the chamber ψb=0.00733. The fine fraction, simulating the material to be ground, was cement with a relative particle size ψm≈0.092∙10-3. The value of the adopted analogue of the kinematic viscosity of the two-fraction granular loading approached the value of 10-3 m2/s. The main variable factor in experimental studies was the filling degree of the drum chamber with loading at rest κb=0.25, 0.35, and 0.45. An additional factor was the degree of filling the gaps between the spherical particles of the coarse fraction with particles of the fine fraction κb=0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1. The method of visual analysis through the transparent end wall of the chamber of transient processes of the loading behavior with a smooth change and fixation of the velocity was applied. The bifurcation minimum value of the rotation speed was recorded, at which the steady-state circulation mode of the load movement turns into a transient pulsation one with a minimum swing. A decrease in the bifurcation values of the Froude number Frb on the cylindrical surface of the chamber with an increase in κb has been established. An increase in the intensity of the decrease in Frb with an increase in κm was revealed. The recorded effect is due to an increase in the connected properties of a two-fraction loading during self-excitation of self-excited oscillations with an increase in κb and κm. The numerical values of the boundaries of the range of bifurcation values of the Froude number for a tumbling mill Frb=0.0484–1.17 have been determined. The obtained Frb range corresponds to the Reynolds value in the range Re=40–197. The maximum Frb value is obtained with coarse grinding. An increase in the likelihood of self-excitation of self-oscillations of the intra-chamber loading with a decrease in the fineness of grinding was revealed