bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring register withThe Prime Machine
Authors: Jeaco Stephen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCorpus approaches underpin a range of postgraduate studies and professional work in language, linguistics, translation and beyond. Awareness of the influences of contextual features on language choice is important for many activities: exploring new text varieties; finding relationships between social factors and language patterning; considering choices for post-editing machine translation; and understanding the very nature of language. Work on register relies on corpus methods, but more support and direction could be offered to help undergraduates gain earlier insights into the power of such corpus analysis. This paper introduces some ways register differences can be revealed throughThe Prime Machinecorpus tool (Jeaco 2017a) and describes the design of a practically-oriented undergraduate module which uses this concordancer. Software features include the organization of texts and presentation of source information for readymade corpora, and methods which can be used to reveal useful starting points for register analysis of do-it-yourself corpora.
Ultrasound-Guided Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling: A Minimally Invasive Autopsy Strategy During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil, 2020
Authors: Duarte-Neto Amaro Nunes , Ferraz da Silva Luiz Fernando , Monteiro Renata Aparecida de Almeida , Theodoro Filho Jair , Leite Thabata Larissa Luciano Ferreira , de Moura Catia Sales , Gomes-Gouvêa Michele Soares , Pinho João Renato Rebellho , Kanamura Cristina Takami , de Oliveria Ellen Pierre , Bispo Kely Cristina Soares , Arruda Cássia , dos Santos Aline Brito , Aquino Flavia Cristina Gonçalves , Caldini Elia Garcia , Mauad Thais , Saldiva Paulo Hilário Nascimento , Dolhnikoff Marisa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Minimally invasive autopsies, also known as minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS), have proven to be an alternative to complete diagnostic autopsies (CDAs) in places or situations where this procedure cannot be performed. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, CDAs were suspended by March 2020 in Brazil to reduce biohazard. To contribute to the understanding of COVID-19 pathology, we have conducted ultrasound (US)–guided MITS as a strategy.

Methods
This case series study includes 80 autopsies performed in patients with COVID-19 confirmed by laboratorial tests. Different organs were sampled using a standardized MITS protocol. Tissues were submitted to histopathological analysis as well as immunohistochemical and molecular analysis and electron microscopy in selected cases.

Results
US-guided MITS proved to be a safe and highly accurate procedure; none of the personnel were infected, and accuracy ranged from 69.1% for kidney, up to 90.1% for lungs, and reaching 98.7% and 97.5% for liver and heart, respectively. US-guided MITS provided a systemic view of the disease, describing the most common pathological findings and identifying viral and other infectious agents using ancillary techniques, and also allowed COVID-19 diagnosis confirmation in 5% of the cases that were negative in premortem and postmortem nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.

Conclusions
Our data showed that US-guided MITS has the capacity similar to CDA not only to identify but also to characterize emergent diseases.
PSV-2 Maternal nutrient restriction and re-alimentation influences liver and muscle tissue development and gene expression
Authors: Smith Brandon I , Vasquez-Hidalgo Manuel A , Vonnahme Kimberly A , Grazul-Bilska Anna T , Swanson Kendall C , Mishra Neha , Reed Sarah A , Zinn Steven A , Govoni Kristen E 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
To determine the effects of maternal nutrient restriction and re-alimentation on fetal liver and muscle development, 48 pregnant ewes with singletons, were fed a control diet [100% National Research Council (NRC) requirements (CON)] starting at the beginning of gestation. On day 50 of gestation, ewes (n = 7) were euthanized and fetal liver and skeletal muscle samples were collected. The remaining animals were fed either CON or 60% NRC requirements (RES), a subset were euthanized at day 90 of gestation (n = 7/treatment), and fetal samples obtained. Remaining ewes were maintained on the current diet (CON-CON, n = 6; RES-RES, n = 7) or switched to alternative diet (CON-RES, RES-CON; n = 7/treatment). On day 130 of gestation, remaining ewes were euthanized, and fetal samples collected. Fetal liver was analyzed for general tissue morphology, and fetal skeletal muscles were analyzed for lipid accumulation. mRNA expression of growth and metabolic factors were quantified in liver and muscle tissues. Hepatocellular vacuolation was increased in RES-CON and RES-RES compared with CON-CON and CON-RES (P &lt; 0.01). In semitendinosus and triceps brachii, intramyocellular lipid content increased 19% and 15%, respectively, in RES-CON and RES-RES compared with CON-CON and CON-RES (P£0.02) and in longissimus dorsi, lipid content was decreased 7% in CON-RES and RES-RES compared with CON-CON and RES-CON (P=0.01). In liver, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1, glycogen synthase 2, and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 expression increased 1.92-fold, 1.45-fold, and 1.47-fold, respectively (P£0.03) in CON-RES and RES-RES compared with RES-CON and CON-CON. In LD, IGF1-R expression increased 3.19-fold in CON-RES and RES-RES compared with RES-CON and CON-CON (P = 0.05). These results demonstrate that maternal nutrient restriction followed by re-alimentation restores liver and muscle gene expression of growth and metabolic factors while negatively impacting liver composition and muscle lipid content potentially leading to altered tissue function and metabolism later in life. Supported by USDA-AFRI grants 2016-67016-24884 and 2017-67016-26568.
PSV-4 Peri-estrus ovarian, uterine, and hormonal variables influence the uterine luminal fluid metabolome in beef heifers
Authors: da Silva Felipe Alves Correa Carvalho , da Silva Gabriela , Vieira Bruna , Neto Adomar , Rocha Cecilia Constantino , Junior Gilmar Arantes , Silva Amanda , Lo Turco Edson , Nogueira Guilherme D , Pugliesi Guilherme , Binelli Mario 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In cattle, uterine luminal fluid (ULF) is the main source of molecules that support embryo development and survival during the peri-implantation period. Overarching hypothesis was that peri-estrus changes in ULF volume through accumulation and resorption mechanisms influence ULF composition during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. Objectives were (1) to characterize individual temporal and spatial changes in ULF volume, endometrial and luteal vascularity, endometrial and luteal size, and progesterone (P4) concentrations during the peri-estrus period in beef heifers and, (2) associate such changes with the metabolite composition in the ULF, four days after estrus. Fourteen Bos indicus heifers that presented a PGF2α responsive CL received 500 µg PGF2α analog i.m. and were examined daily by rectal B-mode and pulse-wave color-Doppler ultrasonography until the fifth day after estrus (estrus = d 0). Plasma P4 was measured daily. On d 4, the uterine body was sampled using a cytology brush for targeted metabolomic analysis by mass spectrometry. Multivariate analyses clustered heifers according to ovarian, uterine, and hormonal variables in clusters A (n = 5) and B (n = 8 heifers). Individual metabolite concentrations were compared between clusters A and B by univariate analysis using t-test after FDR correction. Concentrations of Pro, Ala, Leu, Gly, Val, Lys, Ile, Phe, Asp, Orn, Tyr, Arg, Trp, Suc, Cit, ADMA, the sum of essential Amino Acids (AA), sum of non-essential AA, sum of aromatic AA, and total AA were greater in cluster A (FDR ≤ 0.05). ULF volume dynamics and associated uterine, ovarian, and hormonal variables during the peri-estrus period presented a concerted variation among heifers, which was associated with the ULF composition four days after estrus. Potential implications for embryo receptivity and reproductive outcomes are the focus of the current investigation.
PSII-3 Daily weather patterns associated with colostrum production in dry cows
Authors: Connor Andrea , Alward Kayla , Nin-Leary Alexandra , Duncan Jane , Cockrum Rebecca 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Insufficient consumption of colostrum and/or intake of poor-quality colostrum reduces thriftiness and survival of dairy calves. Additionally, heat stress during gestation of primiparous Holstein cows can impact hormone synthesis, leading to decreased colostrum and milk production. Previous research has primarily focused on Holstein cows who have a larger frame compared to other breeds. It is possible heat stress may impact Jersey cow colostrum production differently. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the relationship between temperature-humidity index (THI) and colostrum volume and quality in Jersey cows. Colostrum data was collected from Jersey cows (n = 75) from three farms and compared to the average THI values during the dry period. Colostrum data included volume, Brix score, fat, true protein (TP), solids non-fat (SNF), lactose, somatic cell count (SCC), and urea. Daily air temperature and humidity records were determined via local weather stations and used to calculate THI values. These values were averaged for the far-off and close-up periods. The data were analyzed separately for each farm using linear regression models in R version 1.3.1073. Covariates included season, dry period length, date of colostrum collection, and parity. Close-up and far-off THI tended to predict an increased volume (β=0.3656; P = 0.0724) and somatic cell count (β=82.07; P = 0.0964) for Farm 1. Far-off THI was a significant predictor for Brix for Farm 2 (β=0.2482; P ≤ 0.01) and Farm 3 (β=-0.1762; P ≤ 0.01) and increased Brix score in Farm 2 but decreased it in Farm 3. THI was not a significant predictor for any other colostrum values. Based on these results, we suggest that an increased THI during the far-off period potentially increases Brix score without compromising other values. However, more research is needed to further investigate the effects of the close-up period on volume and of covariates on other values.
PSIX-23 Correlation between VRTN and PPARD gene variants and the phenotypic manifestation of productive traits and the hind limbs conformation in pigs
Authors: Bakoev Siroj , Getmantseva Lyubov , Bakoev Faridun , Shevtsova Varvara , Getmantseva Varvara , Bakoev Nekruz , Usatov Alexander 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We formed three samples: Landrace (L, n = 86), Large White (LW, n = 120), and Duroc pigs (D, n = 140). Three traits investigated: the mean daily gain (ADG), early maturity (DAY100) and limb condition (LEG; good/bad). The PPARD (rs80828473) and VRTN (rs343248943) genes were selected. The effects of genotypes PPARD on ADG and DAY100 were determined in Duroc by the association with these traits. Pigs D of AA, comparing to GG had better ADG by 82.3 (P = 0.01) and DAY100 by 6.5 (P = 0.05). Pigs L with the AA genotype, comparing to the GG genotype, had the best ADGs by 101.0 (P = 0.05) and DAY100 by 13.1 (P = 0.04). The effect of the PPARD in LW is unknown as AA genotype was not detected in LW. For the VRTN gene D pigs of the AG and GG genotype comparing to the AA genotype had the best ADGs by 49.1 (P = 0.03) and 56.5 (P = 0.09); DAY100 by 4.8 (P = 0.03) and 9.7 (P = 0.005). Pigs D of AA genotype (P = 0.01) had the best limbs conformation but demonstrated lower productivity. In Landrace pigs, no differences in ADG and DAY100 associated with the VRTN genotypes were found. The possible reason is the low frequency of the GG genotype in this group. Regarding to the limbs the desired genotype in pigs L is AA (P = 0.05). In Large white pigs a positive effect of the AG genotype on ADG and DAY100 was found, comparing to the AA genotype it was 100.6 g (P = 0.02) and 11.7 days. (P = 0.01). The effect of the VRTN different genotypes on the LW limbs has not been found. Research was performed with the Russian Foundation for Basic Research financial support 19-016-00068 A.
PSII-B-22 High-impact minimester course in animal science
Authors: Bowhay Ciana , Wickersham Tryon , Dunlap Kathrin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Many Animal Science students have little exposure to working livestock production systems prior to entering college. As such, they can lack insight into day-to-day challenges and rationale behind decision making in these systems, opening the door for adoption of misconceptions frequently promoted in popular press. Additionally, students identify lack of first-hand knowledge and experience in the industry as a challenge to their educational success. Field trips stimulate interest and motivation, provide context for learning, and influence long-term career goals, but are underutilized in higher education. Potential impact of such experiences prompted creation of the Texas Panhandle Beef Production Tour, a 2-credit hour course that takes place during the spring minimester. To cement learning through reflection, students were asked to respond to a series of questions before, during, and after visiting beef production sites in the Texas Panhandle to probe preconceptions, observations, and outcomes of the experience. We then performed a retroactive evaluation of these reflections (n = 22) to determine cogent themes. Emergent themes included surprise at the intensive systems of data collection and management and the level of technology used at each site. Cattle were calmer and more comfortable than expected at feedlots, dairy, and packing plants visited. Students expressed new appreciation and understanding of course material and a desire to share their insights with others after completing the tour. Finally, participants gained a broader view of industry opportunities and returned with renewed motivation to pursue additional hands-on opportunities. Participation in this course provided valuable insight into the livestock production industry and motivated students to explore new career options and address their own preconceptions of the industry through independent inquiry. Creation of similar courses may be useful to address misconceptions, create personal connections with course material, and broaden career interests in undergraduate animal science students.
The MukB-topoisomerase IV interaction mutually suppresses their catalytic activities
Authors: Kumar Rupesh , Bahng Soon , Marians Kenneth J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The bacterial condensin MukB and the cellular chromosomal decatenase, topoisomerase IV interact and this interaction is required for proper condensation and topological ordering of the chromosome. Here, we show that Topo IV stimulates MukB DNA condensation by stabilizing loops in DNA: MukB alone can condense nicked plasmid DNA into a protein–DNA complex that has greater electrophoretic mobility than that of the DNA alone, but both MukB and Topo IV are required for a similar condensation of a linear DNA representing long stretches of the chromosome. Remarkably, we show that rather than MukB stimulating the decatenase activity of Topo IV, as has been argued previously, in stoichiometric complexes of the two enzymes each inhibits the activity of the other: the ParC subunit of Topo IV inhibits the MukF-stimulated ATPase activity of MukB and MukB inhibits both DNA crossover trapping and DNA cleavage by Topo IV. These observations suggest that when in complex on the DNA, Topo IV inhibits the motor function of MukB and the two proteins provide a stable scaffold for chromosomal DNA condensation.
The reactome pathway knowledgebase 2022
Authors: Gillespie Marc , Jassal Bijay , Stephan Ralf , Milacic Marija , Rothfels Karen , Senff-Ribeiro Andrea , Griss Johannes , Sevilla Cristoffer , Matthews Lisa , Gong Chuqiao , Deng Chuan , Varusai Thawfeek , Ragueneau Eliot , Haider Yusra , May Bruce , Shamovsky Veronica , Weiser Joel , Brunson Timothy , Sanati Nasim , Beckman Liam , Shao Xiang , Fabregat Antonio , Sidiropoulos Konstantinos , Murillo Julieth , Viteri Guilherme , Cook Justin , Shorser Solomon , Bader Gary , Demir Emek , Sander Chris , Haw Robin , Wu Guanming , Stein Lincoln , Hermjakob Henning , D’Eustachio Peter 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Reactome Knowledgebase (https://reactome.org), an Elixir core resource, provides manually curated molecular details across a broad range of physiological and pathological biological processes in humans, including both hereditary and acquired disease processes. The processes are annotated as an ordered network of molecular transformations in a single consistent data model. Reactome thus functions both as a digital archive of manually curated human biological processes and as a tool for discovering functional relationships in data such as gene expression profiles or somatic mutation catalogs from tumor cells. Recent curation work has expanded our annotations of normal and disease-associated signaling processes and of the drugs that target them, in particular infections caused by the SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses and the host response to infection. New tools support better simultaneous analysis of high-throughput data from multiple sources and the placement of understudied (‘dark’) proteins from analyzed datasets in the context of Reactome’s manually curated pathways.
Finding a Home in House
Authors: Capetola Christine 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Discussed most often as a musical genre and queer familial structure, house has long been a home for Blackness—and for femininity. This chapter theorizes a notion of Black queer femmeness along the sounds, affects, and vibrations of house. Through charting the use of Black female vocals across the genre’s origins in the early 1980s, dance pop in the early 1990s, and the mid-2010s’ house resurgence in both the mainstream and indie spheres, this chapter explores how house simultaneously amplifies the femininity of Black female house vocalists and detaches femininity from gendered bodies altogether. In the process, it posits that house works as an affective, or felt, political and cultural configuration, one that opens up the space for new relationalities within and between Black, queer, and/or femme communities. By charting how musical artists continue to return to house’s aesthetics and affective power, this chapter invites readers to listen and feel with the recent past(s) of house music for guidance and inspiration on navigating structural oppressions that continue to reverberate across time: governmental neglect of the life chances of Black and Brown people, police violence against Black and Brown people, and the looming presence of anti-Black racism, sexism, homophobia, and transphobia. Through such an engagement with the recent past, house accentuates the ongoing resonances between the 1980s and today.
Custom Arrangements
Authors: Greenburg Jann-Michael 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Custom arrangements are: (a) derivative works, generally musical arrangements, based upon preexisting copyrighted musical works, (b) reproduced in the form of sheet music copies, and (c) distributed to specific third-party performance ensembles. Arrangers who create custom arrangements are able to utilize software and Internet services to create such arrangements physically and digitally and distribute them physically and via file sharing. This chapter explores the legal framework and justification for custom arrangement licensing under American law, with a focus on the reproduction, derivative work, distribution, and display rights afforded to copyright owners. Differences between physical and digital sheet music are noted where relevant. The chapter also addresses both practical and normative arguments encountered in the world of custom arrangement licensing and concludes with brief commentary on the custom arrangement licensing process.
Bleeding Kansas
Authors: Oertel Kristen T. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Many historians identify Bleeding Kansas as a fundamental cause of the Civil War, and this chapter demonstrates how violence in Kansas Territory not only inflamed sectional tensions but also represents the origins of military conflict between Northerners and Southerners. Antislavery or “free-state” settlers and pro-slavery settlers formed military companies in the late 1850s and fought each other in ways that would set the stage for the larger war. Average men and women answered their communities’ call to arms and actuated their political ideals with bullets, defending not only their homes but also their views about slavery and abolition. The words and gunfire exchanged by the people residing on the Kansas-Missouri border galvanized the nation and brought it to the brink of war in 1861, but settlers on the border had already been at war for years.
The Union Blockade
Authors: Symonds Craig L. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Declaring a blockade of the Confederate coast was the first important strategic decision made by the administration of Pres. Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War. Though it started modestly, before the war was over it absorbed more ships and more naval personnel than all of America’s previous wars combined. By implying a recognition of the Confederacy as a belligerent, Lincoln’s declaration complicated the administration’s foreign policy, and the very size of the undertaking challenged the Union’s shipbuilding capacity. Though it never succeeded in cutting off Southern trade completely, it severely reduced the South’s exports, especially cotton; demonstrated the vulnerability of the South’s coastal defenses; and provided a safety valve for Black refugees. By exposing weaknesses in the Confederate economy, the blockade contributed to an inflationary spiral that depressed civilian morale. In the end, the cumulative impact of the blockade very likely helped shorten the war.
Forts Henry and Donelson
Authors: Phillips Jason 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This chapter explains the campaign for Forts Henry and Donelson as a contest for vital resources—human, animal, and mineral—that shaped Union and Confederate strategies and outcomes. By combining military, political, and material history, it shows how sailors, soldiers, citizens, and slaves shaped the battles and their aftermath while facing environmental challenges, including frigid weather, muddy roads, and swollen rivers. These conditions mixed with intangible factors, like morale, rumors, emotions, egos, prejudices, loyalties, and culture, to frame how people fought and thought about the campaign. By combining naval and army operations, Adm. Andrew Foote’s ironclad flotilla and Brig. Gen. Ulysses Grant’s army deprived the Confederacy of its richest iron and hog region and accelerated emancipation in the western theater by establishing its first contraband camp at Fort Donelson.
Industry Emergence Between Technology and Zeitgeist
Authors: Tumasjan Andranik 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines the dynamics of industry emergence using the case of the blockchain and crypto (BC) industry. The BC industry is a rapidly developing field that has—in less than a decade—transformed from initially being a volunteer project of a small group of cypherpunks to a global industry with a plethora of actors involving vivid entrepreneurial and corporate activity. Importantly, the review of the extant literature and evidence reveals that ideological driving forces, which have been neglected in prior industry emergence research, constitute a major catalyst of this rapid industry development. In this vein, the chapter shows that the ideological notion of ‘decentralization’ has strongly contributed to the BC industry’s rapid growth by matching the zeitgeist in times of financial crises with increasing centralization by large digital platforms.