bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hubungan antara Status Gizi, Risiko Anemia, dan Ketahanan Pangan dengan Produktivitas Pekerja Bangunan
Authors: Rasyidi Mohammad Fahmi , Mahmudiono Trias , Rachmah Qonita 
Published: June 2021

Latar Belakang: Produktivitas merupakan suatu upaya atau kemampuan yang diberikan oleh suatu individu dalam menghasilkan barang atau jasa. Pekerjaan konstruksi bangunan merupakan jenis pekerjaan yang secara kualitas memerlukan kondisi fisik dan stamina yang prima untuk lebih produktif dalam bekerja. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi produktivitas kerja salah satu diantaranya ialah melalui aspek gizi dan kesehatan seperti status gizi, anemia, dan kondisi ketahanan pangan. Beberapa faktor tersebut akan secara langsung maupun tidak langsung berpengaruh terhadap perbedaan kondisi produktivitas dalam pekerja bangunan. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara status gizi, risiko anemia, dan ketahanan pangan dengan produktivitas kerja pada pekerja bangunan di wilayah Perumahan Graha Natura, Surabaya.Metode: Penelitian cross sectional ini melibatkan 65 orang pekerja yang terpilih secara acak dengan teknik simple random sampling. Proses pengambilan data dilakukan melalui wawancara untuk variabel ketahanan pangan, pengukuran antropometri untuk variabel status gizi dan pemeriksaan tanda dan gejala klinis untuk variabel risiko anemia. Selain itu penilaian variabel produktivitas dilakukan dengan metode wawancara terkait hasil kerja berupa input maupun output. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu dengan uji statistik chi-square. Penelitian ini fokus kepada variabel bebas yakni status gizi, risiko anemia, dan ketahanan pangan serta variabel tetap yaitu produktivitas kerja.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara risiko anemia pekerja (p < 0,001) (r=0,656) dengan produktivitas kerja, sedangkan status gizi dan ketahanan pangan tidak memiliki hubungan dengan produktivitas kerja {status gizi (p = 0,826), status ketahanan pangan (p = 0,282)}.Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa risiko anemia pada pekerja berhubungan dengan produktivitas dalam bekerja. Peningkatan asupan tinggi kalori dan seimbang perlu untuk diterapkan oleh pekerja untuk meningkatkan stamina dalam menjaga produktivitas kerja.
Optimizing risk-based breast cancer screening policies with reinforcement learning
Authors: Yala Adam , Mikhael Peter , Lehman Constance , Lin Gigin , Strand Fredrik , Wang Yung-Liang , Hughes Kevin , Satuluru Siddharth , Kim Thomas , Banerjee Imon , Gichoya Judy , Trivedi Hari , Barzilay Regina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Screening programs must balance the benefits of early detection against the costs of over screening. Achieving this goal relies on two complementary technologies: (1) the ability to assess patient risk, (2) the ability to develop personalized screening programs given that risk. While methodologies for assessing patient risk have significantly improved with new advances in deep learning applied to imaging and genetics, our ability to personalize screening policies still lags behind. Here, we introduce a novel reinforcement learning-based framework for personalized screening, Tempo, and demonstrate its efficacy in the context of breast cancer. We trained our risk-based screening policies on a large screening mammography dataset from Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) USA and validated them on held-out patients from MGH, and on external datasets from Emory USA, Karolinska Sweden and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CGMH) Taiwan. Across all test sets, we found that a Tempo policy combined with an image-based AI risk model was significantly more efficient than current regimes used in clinical practice in terms of simulated early detection per screen frequency. Moreover, we showed that the same Tempo policy can be easily adapted to a wide range of possible screening preferences, allowing clinicians to select their desired early detection to screening cost trade-off without training a new policy. Finally, we demonstrated Tempo policies based on AI-based risk models out performed Tempo policies based on less accurate clinical risk models. Altogether, our results show that pairing AI-based risk models with agile AI-designed screening policies has the potential to improve screening programs, advancing early detection while reducing over-screening.
Upper airway cough syndrome may be the main cause of chronic cough in Japan: a cohort study
Authors: Yasuda Kimihiko 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundUpper airway cough syndrome (UACS) is generally considered a common cause of chronic cough but remains poorly recognised in Japan.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess whether UACS was a common cause of chronic cough in Japan, as is true in other countries. Interview and examination items were evaluated for their potential use in UACS diagnosis.Methods All patients with chronic cough were preliminarily diagnosed with bronchial asthma, UACS, gastroesophageal reflux disease, or post-infectious prolonged cough, based on interviews and examinations. Treatment centred on nasal steroids was administered to the UACS group and standard treatment to the other groups. The observation period lasted 4 weeks. The subjective cough score at first diagnosis was set at 10, and the final diagnosis was made based on the treatment administered at the time the cough score had decreased to ≤ 2. The associations between the presence or absence of UACS and interview and examination items were statistically evaluated.Results Among 230 patients with chronic cough, 146 were diagnosed with UACS-only. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the assessment items ‘awareness of mucus accumulating in the back of the throat’, ‘presence of abnormal echography findings’, ‘absence of associated coughing when exercising’ and ‘presence of coughing persisting after onset’ were significantly correlated with the presence or absence of UACS (p < 0.05).ConclusionsUACS may be the most common cause of chronic cough in Japan and may be effectively treated with nasal corticosteroids. Diagnosing UACS might be possible by selecting appropriate interview and examination items.
Tropospheric Dispersive Phase Anomalies during Heavy Rain Detected by L-band InSAR and Their Interpretation
Authors: Setiawan Naufal , Furuya Masato 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The split-spectrum method (SSM) can largely isolate and correct for the ionospheric contribution in the L-band interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR). The standard SSM is performed on the assumption of only the first-order ionospheric dispersive effect, which is proportional to the total electron content (TEC). It is also known that during extreme atmospheric events, either originated from the ionosphere or in the troposphere, other dispersive effects do exist and potentially provide new insights into the dynamics of the atmosphere, but there have been few detection reports of such signals by InSAR. We apply L-band InSAR into heavy rain cases and examine the applicability and limitation of the standard SSM. Since no events such as earthquakes to cause surface deformation took place, the non-dispersive component is apparently attributable to the large amount of water vapor associated with heavy rain, whereas there are spotty anomalies in the dispersive component that are closely correlated with the heavy rain area. The ionosonde and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) rate of total electron content index (ROTI) map both show little anomalies during the heavy rain, which suggests few ionospheric disturbances. Therefore, we interpret that the spotty anomalies in the dispersive component of the standard SSM during heavy rain are originated in the troposphere. While we can consider two physical mechanisms, one is runaway electron avalanche and the other is the dispersive effect due to rain, comparison with the observations from the ground-based lightning detection network and rain gauge data, we conclude that the rain dispersive effect is spatiotemporally favorable. We further propose a formulation to examine if another dispersive phase than the first-order TEC effect is present and apply it to the heavy rain cases as well as two extreme ionospheric sporadic-E events. Our formulation successfully isolates the presence of another dispersive phase during heavy rain that is in positive correlation with the local rain rate. In comparison with other dispersive phases during Sporadic-E episodes, the dispersive heavy rain phases seem to have the same order of magnitude with the ionospheric higher-order effects.
On Classification and Taxonomy of Coronaviruses (Riboviria, Nidovirales, Coronaviridae) with Special Focus on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Authors: Mavrodiev Evgeny , Tursky Melinda L , Mavrodiev Nicholas E , Ebach Malte C , Williams David M , Schroder Laura 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Coronaviruses are highly pathogenic and therefore important human and veterinary pathogens viruses worldwide. This study is the first that produced phylogenies based on all 39 species of Coronaviridae recognized by the Coronaviridae Study Group and International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses and has, uniquely, used several methods of cladistic analysis in combination with the Maximum Likelihood method. Resultant trees were utilized to test for monophyly of all available non-monotypic genera and infrageneric taxa of Coronaviridae. Monophyly was confirmed, thereby validating they are representative of a nature hierarchy. This study therefore presents the first natural hierarchical classification of Coronaviridae and the most accurate taxonomic representation of Coronaviridae’s relationships to date. The authors additionally seek at add to the current discussion regarding the nomenclature of viruses, demonstrating and supporting a “one-step” solution to incorporate the principles of binary nomenclature into Coronaviridae, which will aid future recognition of numerous virus species, particularly in currently monotypic subgenus Sarbecovirus. Commenting on the nature of SARS-CoV-2, the authors emphasize that no member of the Sarbecovirus clade is an ancestor of this virus, and humans are the only natural known host.
A universal graphitic interlayered centroid intercalation theory for intercalation chemistry
Authors: Ji Kemeng , Hu Kailong , Shen Yuhao , Ito Yoshikazu , Liu Cheng , Liu Zhaozhao , Wang Jiang , Zhang Yang , Wu Mengqian , Liu Xinyu , Sun Jie , Chen Mingming , Zhang Sheng , Fujita Jun-ichi , Wang Chengyang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Neither of the two widely used staging models in the long history of intercalation chemistry, namely the classical Rüdorff-Hofmann model proposed in 1938 and the pleated-layer domain-modified one in 1969, can explain the intercalation reaction phenomena and mechanism logically. Taking the landmark potassium-intercalation reaction of graphite as a model case and two advanced monolithic graphitic/graphenic carbon foams as model electrodes, here we have revealed that the electrochemical storage of potassium in graphitic/graphenic carbon (as that of lithium) obeys a simple interlayered centroid intercalation (ICIC) rule to achieve the staged potassium intercalation into each graphitic interlayer: C → KC72 → KC24 → KC8. Moreover, judging from the typical potassium-storage behaviors and crystal texture of graphitic electrodes, nitrogen doping and pre-embedded K atoms would enable incoming K+ ions to perform fast pseudocapacitive diffusion in graphitic gallery. This study not only makes clear the basic K-storage mechanism and phenomena in graphitic carbon, but also establishes a more reasonable ICIC model for intercalation chemistry, and thus may help open a new research era for this field as well as graphite-based metal-ion batteries.
Design and Simulation of InP and Silicon Nanowires With Different Channel Characteristic as Biosensors to Improve Output Sensitivity
Authors: nejad shahramm mohammad , Tahi Iman , Rezaie Mahdiyar Nouri 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This research contains a good comparison among technologies of SiNW-FET/InPNW-FET depending on the size of channel and dopants in channel for biosensing application based on the width and dopants for two types of silicon and InP materials in the nanowire channel. A device numerical modelling tool, Silvaco ATLAS is used in step one to design three p-type SiNW-FET/InPNW-FET biosensors with a channel width of 40­­­ nm, 60 nm and 70 nm for these two types of materials and in step two to design three p-type SiNW-FET/InPNW-FET biosensors with different dopants of 0.1×1014 cm-3, 1×1014 cm-3 and 10×1014 cm-3 for these two types of materials. Their sensing process is depended on the alteration in charge density that causes changing in the electric field at the surface of the SiNW-FET/InPNW-FET. The resistivity of the device is changed when a negatively charged biomolecules species has a chemical reaction with the external surface of a P-type SiNW-FET/InPNW-FET. To investigate the effect of different channel width and dopants on the performance of the SiNW-FET/InPNW-FET biosensor, several negatively interface charge densities, QF (-0.1×1012 cm-2, -0.5×1012 cm-2, and -1×1012 cm-2) are introduced on the surface of the SiNW-FET/InPNW-FET channel to represent as the actual target analytics (DNA) captured by the bioreceptor of the biosensor. Based on the results, these negatively QF attract the hole carriers below the surface of p-type nanowire causes to collect carriers in the channel, and make an increase in the device output ID. Increase of the applied negative charge density has allowed for more ID to flow across the channel between drain and source region. The changes of ID with the applied QF are utilized to determine the sensitivities for all designed biosensor with different channel width and channel dopants. The minimum nanowire width of 40 nm with the minimum nanowire dopants of 0.1×1014 cm-3 for the high sensitivity silicon state of 3.6 μA/cm-2 compared to the indium phosphide state of 2.8 μA/cm-2. So the best performance for detecting the desired analyte in the silicon state with the lowest width and dopant to be seen.
Long-term Impact of Organic Amendments on the Bioavailability of Heavy Metals in Mudflat Soil and Their Uptake by Maize
Authors: Yu Ying , Gu Chuanhui , Bai Yanchao , Zuo Wengang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Organic amendments (OAs) can be a sustainable and effective method for mudflat soil improvement. A long-term field experiment was conducted to investigate the potential of OA application to mudflat soil improvement. We measured the pH, soil organic matter (SOM), salinity, maize growth, and heavy metal (HM) accumulation in OA-amended soils and maize tissues 23 months after three OAs, sewage sludge (SS), Chinese medical residue (CMR), and cattle manure (CM), were applied at the application rates of 0, 30, 75, 150, and 300 t ha-1. OA application significantly increased the SOM and decreased the salinity of mudflat soils. Additionally, CMR and CM application decreased soil pH. The maize biomass and HM contents in soil and maize increased after OA application. The bioavailability and bioconcentration of HMs were generally in the sequence of SS>CMR>CM. The average bioavailability ratios of HMs were in the order of Cd>Zn>Cu>Mn>Ni. The bioconcentration of Zn and Cd by maize was highest, followed by Mn, Cu, and Ni. SOM, pH, and salinity were the important factors regulating soil available HMs and, subsequently, HM accumulation in maize. Among the three OAs, SS is most effective in decreasing soil salinity and increasing the SOM, bioavailability and bioconcentration of HMs. On the other hand, CM was the best OA because it promoted significant maize growth yet maintained low HM contamination risk.
Bitcoin and Global Climate Change: Emissions Beyond Borders
Authors: Onat Nuri , Jabbar Rateb , Kucukvar Murat , Fetais Noora 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Bitcoin is a virtual, decentralized currency based on Blockchain technology. Regardless of where you send Bitcoin, the greenhouse gas emissions stemming from these transactions are distributed around the world. Furthermore, with the increasing public and institutional interest in Bitcoin, the value, complexity of Bitcoin mining, Blockchain networks, as well as the energy required for Bitcoin mining have been rapidly increasing. Here we show the global distribution of greenhouse gas emissions resulting from Bitcoin mining across the globe. We also estimated the carbon footprint of Bitcoin mining per transaction, per country, and per year for the last six years. The carbon footprint estimations of Bitcoin mining are calculated with consideration of the global supply-chain of Bitcoin mining around the world. According to our systematic estimations, carbon emissions are in rapid increase and there is a significant discrepancy between the locations of Bitcoin holders and the locations of emissions. China plays a major role both in emissions due to overall global mining and as a major manufacturer/supplier of Bitcoin mining equipment for all Bitcoin mining countries.
Plant Contribution to the Remediation of PAH-Contaminated Soil of Dagang Oilfield by Fire Phoenix
Authors: Wang Xiaomei , Sun Jianping , Liu Rui , Zheng Tingyu , Tang Yingnan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Pot experiments were conducted to evaluate plant contribution during remediation of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)-contaminated soil of Dagang Oilfield by Fire Phoenix. The results showed that Fire Phoenix could grow in soil contaminated by high and low concentrations of PAHs. After being planted for 150 days, the total removal rate of six PAHs in the high and low PAH concentrations was 80.36% and 79.79%, significantly higher than the 58.79% and 53.29% of the unplanted control group, respectively. Thus, Fire Phoenix can effectively repair the soil contaminated by different concentrations of PAHs. In high concentrations of PAHs, the results indicated a positive linear relationship between PAH absorption in tissues of Fire Phoenix and the growth time in the early stage. In contrast, the contents of PAHs were just slightly increased in the late period of plant growth. The main factor for the dissipation of PAHs was plant-promoted biodegradation (99.04–99.93%), suggesting a low contribution of PAH uptake and transformation (0.07–0.96%). The results revealed that Fire Phoenix did not remove the PAHs in the soil by accumulation but promoted PAH dissipation in the soil by stimulating the microbial metabolism in the rhizosphere.
Health Believes and Willingness to Pay (WTP) for Social Health Insurance in Post Conflicts Fragile State South Sudan
Authors: Gwokorok Lado 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Funding of healthcare in Post conflict fragile state South Sudan is mainly done by international donors. Economic growth in such states, is likely to plunge between ($ 1.4 and $ 2.8) billion. Post conflict fragile states have higher rate of infectious and communicable diseases. Aim is to establish that post conflict fragile state South Sudanese are willing to pay for social health insurance. The study is to fill this literature gap.Households are susceptible and varies in health risks behaviour. Sudden illness sparks sense of illness affecting. Households cue to providing medical treatments. Successful treatments inspired households. Our desire to achieve in the community; enhances believes in treatment helping illness. MethodsA modified version of (Form (II), questionnaire was used in this research. The aim was to measure the health believes of Post Conflict Fragile State South Sudanese and willingness to pay for social health insurance. A Two-way analysis of variance was used. There were 205 females and 518 males among the sampled, family sizes. Household income, was 5,00 to above 3,600 South Sudanese pounds. Type of pecuniary were (land ownerships, cash deposits, crop stock, animal stock, machinery). Respondents were asked years’ worked on range of (3, 7, 11) years.Results A mean of approximately 3,777 South Sudanese pounds ($ 32 USD) was established. The female gender had mean of about 3,134 SSPs compared to 4,032 SSPs of the male counterpart. Family sizes, (11 to 15) and (16 to 20) heads had mean of 6,429 and 5,036 pounds. The model was able to explain 37.03% percent of the mean variations, (P-value = 0.0045). Discussion This finding is superior to the $ 11.12 annual premium from Northeast Ethiopia. This research has noted the shift in individual behaviour towards preventive health behaviours. The degree of fragility is a limitation.Conclusions Social health insurance can finance healthcare services in post conflict fragile state South Sudan. Health believed model is relevant to health insurance and it is important in demonstrating behavioral change.
A Comparison of Immediate Release and Delayed Release Cysteamine in 17 Patients with Nephropathic Cystinosis
Authors: Stein Christina Esther van , Klank Sabrina , Grüneberg Marianne , Ottolenghi Chris , Grebe Jürgen , Reunert Janine , Harms Erik , Marquardt Thorsten 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundNephropathic cystinosis is a rare and severe metabolic disease leading to an accumulation of cystine in lysosomes which especially harms kidney function. A lifelong therapy with the aminothiol cysteamine can delay the development of end-stage renal disease and the necessity of kidney transplantation. The purpose of our study was to compare the effectiveness of immediate-release and delayed-release cysteamine on cystine and cysteamine levels as well as assessing the onset of adverse effects.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed cystine and cysteamine levels of 17 patients after a single dose of immediate-release cysteamine (CystagonÒ , Mylan Pharmaceuticals, Canonsburg, PA and Recordati Pharma GmbH) and delayed-release cysteamine (ProcysbiÒ; Horizon Pharma USA and Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy), respectively. Data were collected during a period of three years in the context of optimizing the individual treatment regimens. The dose of DR-cysteamine was reduced to 70 % of the equivalent dose of IR-cysteamine. The efficacy of both formulas in depleting white blood cells’ cystine levels and their side effects were compared.ResultsImmediate (IR)- and delayed-release (DR) cysteamine effectively decreased intracellular cystine levels under the target value of 0,5 nmol cystine/mg protein, while fewer side effects occurred under DR-cysteamine. Mean maximum levels of cysteamine were reached after 60 minutes with IR-cysteamine and after 180 minutes with DR-cysteamine. ConclusionA therapy with DR-cysteamine is as effective as IR-cysteamine while less side effects were reported. Our data show that DR-cysteamine should be dosed higher than 70% of the equivalent dose of IR-cysteamine in order to decrease cystine levels over an extended period of time. Moreover, our data suggest to increase the dosing scheme of ProcysbiÒ to three times daily to prevent a rapid decrease and achieve a more steady decline in cystine levels. Due to the more convenient dosing scheme, DR-cysteamine might ameliorate therapy adherence and improve patients’ quality of life.