bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal and cross‐sectional associations between the dietary inflammatory index and objectively and subjectively measured sleep among police officers
Authors: Wirth Michael D. , Fekedulegn Desta , Andrew Michael E. , McLain Alexander C. , Burch James B. , Davis Jean E. , Hébert James R. , Violanti John M. 
Published: December 2021

SummaryPolice officers experience exposures associated with increased inflammation, such as the stress associated with shiftwork and poor‐quality diet, both of which have been shown to affect sleep duration and quality. This study examined the longitudinal and cross‐sectional effects of the Energy‐density Dietary Inflammatory Index (E‐DII™) on objectively and subjectively measured sleep among police officers. Data were derived from the Buffalo Cardio‐Metabolic Occupational Police Stress Cohort (n = 464 at baseline), with longitudinal data collected from 2004 to 2019. A food frequency questionnaire obtained estimated dietary intake from which E‐DII scores were calculated. Dependent variables were objectively (Micro Motion Logger Sleep Watch™) and subjectively (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) measured sleep quality and quantity. The analyses included a series of linear mixed‐effects models used to examine cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations between the E‐DII and sleep quantity and quality. Cross‐sectionally, more pro‐inflammatory diets were associated with higher wake‐after‐sleep‐onset but improved subjective sleep quality. In models accounting for both longitudinal and cross‐sectional effects, for every 1‐unit increase in the E‐DII scores over time (representing a pro‐inflammatory change), wake‐after‐sleep‐onset increased by nearly 1.4 min (p = 0.07). This result was driven by officers who primarily worked day shifts (β = 3.33, p = 0.01). Conversely, for every 1‐unit increase in E‐DII score, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index global score improved. More pro‐inflammatory diets were associated with increased wake‐after‐sleep‐onset, an objective measure of sleep quality. Intervention studies to reduce dietary inflammatory potential may provide greater magnitude of effect for changes in sleep quality.
Partitioned parturition: Birthing asynchrony in cordylid lizards
Authors: Riley J. L. , Baxter‐Gilbert J. , Whiting M. J. , Cherry M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHatching/birthing asynchrony, when siblings emerge at least 12 h apart, is thought to be a significant driver of phenotypic variation and group cohesion that is commonly reported in invertebrates and birds, but rarely in squamates. We examined birthing asynchrony in African cordylid lizards (Cordylidae), a clade characterized by a wide range of sociality (a hypothesized evolutionary driver of this unique phenomenon). We monitored parturition from wild‐caught mothers from four species, which vary in their conspecific grouping behaviour. In two species, most litters were born asynchronously, over a maximum of 3–4 days respectively. The other two cordylids also exhibited asynchronous birth in all litters with more than one offspring, although this was not applicable for most litters because there was a prevalence of singleton litters. Our study uncovered birthing asynchrony in a novel taxonomic group, which suggests it evolved convergently in at least two social lizard clades from different continents. Furthermore, the function of birthing asynchrony and limiting litter size to a single offspring may be similar in social animals. We discuss the potential significance of this rare phenomenon in this disparate taxon, and compare it with other more well‐studied taxa, in order to guide future research directions.
Post‐impoundment study of the fish communities of Tugwi‐Mukosi Reservoir, Zimbabwe
Authors: Madzivanzira Takudzwa C. , Mhlanga Lindah , Barson Maxwell , Marufu Lightone , Tendaupenyu Pamela , Songore Newman , Nhiwatiwa Tamuka 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA post‐impoundment ichthyofaunal survey was carried out in 2017 in Tugwi‐Mukosi Reservoir using gill nets, seine net and fyke nets. The objective was to determine the present fish assemblages after impoundment of the reservoir in order to provide a baseline study that could be used to inform management decisions and for comparison with future predicted ecological changes associated with fishery development. The fish community composition was fairly diverse, comprising of 11 species belonging to four families, including Cichlidae (Oreochromis mossambicus; Coptodon rendalli; Tilapia sparmanii), Momyridae (Marcusenius macrolepidotus), Cyprinidae (Labeo cylindricus; Enteromius paludinosus; E. afrohamiltoni; E. topinni; E. trimaculatus; Engraulicypris brevianalis) and Clariidae (Clarias gariepinus). Oreochromis mossambicus was present at all sampled sites, with only two species (O. mossambicus; M. macrolepidotus) sampled downstream of the reservoir. Twenty‐two prey/forage categories were observed in the guts of analysed fish, with macrophytes having the highest frequency of occurrence (90%). All the body condition values of fish from the reservoir exceeded one, and the estimated fish yield is 33.34 t/year. Collective efforts involving various stakeholders should be made to ensure the reservoir develops into a successful fishery resource, while also serving other purposes.
Oxygen isotope systematics of chondrules in Rumuruti chondrites: Formation conditions and genetic link with ordinary chondrites
Authors: Regnault Maxence , Marrocchi Yves , Piralla Maxime , Villeneuve Johan , Batanova Valentina , Schnuriger Nicolas , Jacquet Emmanuel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRumurutiites (R chondrites) are rare, highly oxidized chondrites belonging to the noncarbonaceous superclan and characterized by low chondrule abundances. Although textural and chemical features of Rumurutiite chondrules resemble those of ordinary chondrites (OCs), their formation conditions and potential genetic link remain debated. Here, we report high‐resolution elemental X‐ray mapping analyses and in situ O isotopic measurements of olivine grains from five chondrules and eight isolated olivine grains (IOGs) in the NWA 12482 R3 chondrite. The chondrules show chemical zonings similar to their counterparts in ordinary and carbonaceous chondrites (CCs), implying that gas–melt interaction processes between chondrule precursors and SiO‐ and Mg‐rich gas were operative throughout the circumsolar disk. Our isotopic data show that R chondrules are isotopically similar to ordinary chondrules, although differences in their abundances of relict olivine grains and chondrule textural characteristics suggest different formation environments, with R chondrules being formed from 16O‐poorer precursors. As with chondrules in OCs, the O isotopic characteristics of R chondrules and IOGs suggest limited transport between CC and noncarbonaceous reservoirs.
Quantitative assessment of chest compression techniques on an infant manikin
Authors: Hirayama Yuji , Ito Yurie , Ogawa Mariko , Fukushima Yasuhiro , Ikeyama Takanari 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundCurrent cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) guidelines recommend the two‐finger technique (TFT) of chest compression (CC) in infants for a single rescuer. We hypothesized that healthcare providers cannot achieve adequate CC depth with TFT, even if using real‐time visual feedback (RVF).MethodsThis was a cross‐over study, randomizing participants to perform three sets of 2‐min continuous CC, comparing (i) TFT with RVF, (ii) the one‐hand technique (OHT) without RVF, and (iii) OHT with RVF. A standard CPR trainer manikin of a 3‐month‐old infant and a monitor/defibrillator that displays and records the quantitative CC quality were used. We set a target compression depth of 40–50 mm and a target compression rate of 100–120/min. Data were analyzed using the Friedman test and Bonferroni correction. Statistical significance was defined as P‐value of< 0.05.ResultsFifty‐nine healthcare providers participated in the study. The mean compression depth was 24 mm (interquartile range [IQR], 22–26 mm) in TFT with RVF and 43 mm (IQR, 38–48 mm) in OHT without RVF, P < 0.001. The proportion of adequate CC depth was 0% (IQR, 0–0%) in TFT with RVF, 22% (IQR, 5–54%) in OHT without RVF, and 62% (IQR, 29–83%) in OHT with RVF. The mean compression rate was within the target range in all three techniques.ConclusionsThe TFT cannot produce the CC depth that meets the recommendation of the current CPR guidelines for an infant with RVF, whereas the OHT does.
Political anger
Authors: Cherry Myisha 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this brief essay, I sketch out the philosophical landscape considering anger in general, and political anger in particular. I begin by sketching anger's profile and its relation to judgments. I also consider the role anger plays in moral life. I then consider how philosophers have conceived of political anger, particularly anger that arises in a context of oppression. I survey claims in support of anger's value, as well as debates around its counterproductivity. And I suggest that debates can benefit from taking seriously different species of anger, and the injustices and burdens that are implicit in our forswearing, eradication, or moderation recommendations. I conclude with reflections on recent research and suggestions for future research.
Pulse rate and blood pressure changes during low‐irradiance PDT compared with conventional PDT in the treatment of facial actinic keratoses: A retrospective study
Authors: Keller Aric , Hartmann Julia , Enk Alexander , Gholam Patrick 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundConventional photodynamic therapy (c‐PDT) is a highly effective treatment for actinic keratoses. Besides pain as the main side effect, blood pressure (BP) increases and hypertensive crises may occur during treatment. Reducing the irradiation intensity while keeping the total dose constant (low‐irradiance PDT) can achieve a clinically relevant reduction in pain. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of li‐PDT on the BP and pulse (PR) during therapy and the incidence of post‐interventional hypertension compared with c‐PDT.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the treatment data of 79 patients (39 c‐PDT and 40 li‐PDT). BP and PR measurements were performed in all patients before PDT, at mid‐exposure, and immediately after PDT. In addition, the pain was assessed by using the visual analog scale.ResultsPatients treated with li‐PDT reported significantly lower pain than those receiving c‐PDT (p < .0005). Additionally, they showed less systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP increase (∆SBP: p < .0005, ∆DBP: p = .015) and overall lower absolute BP values (SBP: p < .0005, DBP: p = .008) compared with c‐PDT. They were also significantly less likely to develop post‐interventional hypertension (p = .037) or higher stages of arterial hypertension. Regarding PR, there was no difference in absolute values between both groups, but the increase from onset to half irradiation duration was significantly higher in c‐PDT (p = .013).ConclusionsLi‐PDT is an excellent option to reduce the elevation of arterial BP and decrease the incidence of post‐interventional hypertension and hypertensive crisis. This finding has considerable relevance, especially with the risk profile of many PDT patients in mind (advanced age and cardiovascular history).
The effectiveness of home‐based phototherapy for vitiligo: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Ashraf Aleena Zehra , Azurdia Richard Michael , Cohen Stuart Neil 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundVitiligo may be treated with hospital‐based phototherapy, but this requires long‐term frequent appointments. Self‐treatment using home‐based phototherapy is a convenient alternative, which may improve adherence and results, but evidence is limited, and so it is not routinely recommended. This systematic review aims to assess the effectiveness and safety of home‐based phototherapy for vitiligo.MethodologySearches were conducted on Medline, Scopus and The Cochrane Library for randomised controlled trials comparing home‐based phototherapy with institution‐based phototherapy or placebo/no phototherapy for vitiligo. The primary outcome was treatment effectiveness. CASP criteria were used for quality assessment. Data were synthesised in a meta‐analysis where appropriate.ResultsThree studies (195 participants) were included: two compared home‐based with institution‐based phototherapy, and one compared home‐based phototherapy with placebo. Studies were of mixed quality. Therapy regimes varied across studies. Findings on effectiveness were contradictory across studies with variable rates of repigmentation. There was no significant difference in repigmentation rates between the groups, although adherence to treatment schedules was significantly better in home‐based groups. Adverse effects were significantly higher in home‐based groups. No long‐term data were reported on maintenance of treatment benefits.ConclusionsAlthough adherence to treatment was significantly better with home‐based phototherapy, data were insufficient to form conclusions on effectiveness. Home‐based phototherapy had a significantly higher risk of adverse effects, making it difficult to recommend in clinical practice. However, as it offers logistical advantages for patients, its effectiveness alongside additional safety measures should be explored further in large‐scale, good‐quality RCTs, with standardised outcome measures, including patient‐reported outcomes.
Assessment of sun‐safety education behavior via spectrophotometric evaluation: A preliminary study
Authors: Eshtiaghi Panteha , Khosravi‐Hafshejani Touraj , Sara Gulaab , Lui Harvey , Kalia Sunil 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundBiases inherent in self‐assessment of sun exposure and sun‐safe behavior may lead to inaccurate conclusions about the effectiveness of sun‐safety educational programs.ObjectivesWe aimed to compare self‐reports to objective measures of sun exposure, when examining the effectiveness of passive versus active educational interventions.MethodsFrom May to June 2018, 73 participants recruited at a dermatology clinic were sequentially assigned to receive sun‐safety education through one of 3 modes: interactive online module, video, or no education. A baseline Sun Exposure and Behavior Inventory (SEBI) questionnaire was administered, and spectrophotometric measurements of sun‐exposed and sun‐protected areas were taken and reported in the CIE L*a*b* color space. Participants were followed 4–8 and 16 weeks after the initial visit where the SEBI was re‐administered, and serial measurements of skin color were taken. The change in SEBI scores and L*a*b values, as calculated by the individual typology angle (ITA°), was analyzed.ResultsThere was a significant increase in skin darkening in all the groups at 4–8 and 16 weeks follow‐up. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the magnitude of color change. However, subjectively at 4‐8 weeks post‐intervention, participants in the interactive module and video groups had significantly improved self‐reported SEBI scores compared to control (p < .05, Kruskal‐Wallis). By 16 weeks, only the interactive module group showed significant improvement in SEBI scores compared to control (p < .05, ANOVA).ConclusionIn determining the effectiveness of sun‐safety programs, spectrophotometric evaluation of sun‐induced skin pigmentation can allow for a more complete evaluation of self‐reported sun exposure and sun‐protective behavior.
Regulatory role of Wnt signal in the oestradiol synthesis of different size categories of ovarian follicles in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Gupta P. S. P. , Kaushik Kalpana , Krishna Kavya , Nikhil Kumar Tej J. , Nandi S. , Mondal S. , Johnson P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to understand the role of Wnt signal in ovarian oestradiol synthesis in various size categories of ovarian follicles. A six‐day cell culture system was adopted to test the effect of a Wnt inhibitor i.e. Inhibitor of Wnt response (IWR) on the ovarian granulosa cell oestradiol synthesis and associated genes related to oestradiol synthesis and Wnt signalling (CYP19A1, CCND2, WNT2, FZD6, DVL1, APC, AXIN2, CTNNB1) in buffalo. It was conducted with four groups: Group 1: control, Group 2: control + FSH, Group 3: IWR, Group 4: IWR + FSH. No significant effect of IWR was observed on the ovarian granulosa cell proliferation. No significant difference in the oestradiol levels was found in the spent media harvested after six days of in vitro culture among different groups in small and large‐sized ovarian follicles. However, the oestradiol level varied significantly (p < .05) among different treatment groups in medium‐sized follicles. The oestradiol level was significantly lower (p < .05) in IWR group compared with the control group and was also significantly lower in IWR + FSH group compared with the FSH group. The Wnt inhibitor had significantly (p < .05) reduced the gene expression of CYP19A1 in large ovarian follicles. Varied effects of IWR‐1 and FSH on the expression of other genes were observed. The results indicated that there is a positive role of Wnt signal in oestradiol synthesis in buffalo, but the positive role was more discernible in medium‐ and large‐sized follicles.
A study of the factors affecting embryo yields and quality in superovulated Morada Nova ewes that underwent non‐surgical uterine flushing
Authors: Oliveira Maria Emilia Franco , Arrais Aline Matos , de Mello Marco Roberto Bourg , Vergani Gabriel Brun , Figueira Lucas Machado , Esteves Sérgio Novita , Pereira Verônica Schinaider do Amaral , Garcia Alexandre Rossetto , Bartlewski Pawel Mieczyslaw , da Fonseca Jeferson Ferreira 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe present study compared the outcomes of in vivo embryo production in Morada Nova ewes subjected to either 9‐day (G‐9SOV, n = 21) or 12‐day (G‐12SOV, n = 21) progesterone (P4)‐based estruses synchronization protocol coupled with superovulatory treatment with decreasing doses of porcine follicle‐stimulating hormone (133 mg of pFSH given over 3 days). Non‐surgical embryo recovery (NSER) was performed 6–7 days after the onset of oestrus. Total antral follicle count doubled from the first to the sixth pFSH dose in both groups (p < .05). Oestrus responses did not vary between the two groups of animals (95.2%). Corpora lutea (CL) were detected in 85.0% and 60.0% of ewes that previously manifested oestrus behaviour in G‐9SOV and G‐12SOV respectively. NSER was successfully completed in 86.2% of ewes that had CL (p > .05). The mean number of CL per ewe/successfully flushed donor ewe was greater (p < .05) in G‐12SOV (12.3 ± 1.7/12.1 ± 1.9) than in G‐9SOV (7.9 ± 1.4/8.2 ± 1.6). Mean numbers of retrieved blastocysts and viable embryos were greater (p > .05) in G‐12SOV (5.8 ± 1.9 and 3.7 ± 1.7) than G‐9SOV (3.5 ± 1.1 and 0.8 ± 0.3 respectively). The total follicle count (all follicles ≥2 mm in diameter) at the sixth pFSH dose (at P4‐device removal) was positively correlated (p < .05) with the number of CL (r = .95) and viable embryos (r = .91) in G‐12SOV. The ewes with ≥10 Cl (48% of all flushed donors) yielded 80.5% of viable embryos. In summary: (a) Morada Nova ewes from G‐12SOV group had better superovulatory responses compared with G‐9SOV group; (b) total follicle count at the last pFSH dose was a good predictor of superovulatory responses only in the ewes primed with P4 for 12 days; and (c) animals with ≥10 ovulations are main contributors to viable embryo production in Morada Nova ewes.
Linguistic distance and economic development: A cross‐country analysis
Authors: Nakagawa Mariko , Sugasawa Shonosuke 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between access to domestic and international communication and economic development. It does so by constructing two indices of linguistic distance, domestic and international, capturing language acquisition costs, which are higher when acquiring linguistically more distant languages. The domestic linguistic distance index captures the constraints of communication among speakers of different mother tongues within a country, while the international linguistic distance index captures the constraints of global communication via English. This study’s results reveal a negative association between domestic linguistic distance and GDP per capita, whereas international linguistic distance has no significant association. Moreover, by investigating the mechanisms of the negative association of the domestic linguistic distance, we find that communication difficulty among different language groups hinders economic development through a channel of less employment requiring communication‐based operations. Furthermore, we determine that the negative association of the domestic linguistic distance may be mainly driven by relatively poor countries such as many in Africa.
Experiencing the Conceptual Wealth of Non‐Derived Denominal Verbs: A Multi‐Level, Simulation‐Based Approach*
Authors: Baeskow Heike 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this article, a cognitive, metonymic approach will be applied to the well‐known phenomenon that events denoted by non‐derived denominal verbs do not necessarily involve a referent of the base noun (e.g. Sue hammered the nail into the wall with her shoe). In particular, it will be argued that shared sensorimotor experience as to the interaction with basic‐level objects like hammers, shelves, or bicycles facilitates the interpretation of the respective verbs even in the absence of a referent. Concepts related to the agent either provide mental access to habitual activities (to nurse at St. Mary's) or establish metaphorical readings on the basis of perceived similarity (e.g. to Sherlock Holmes, to sea‐lion).
Red cell distribution width, illness severity, and all‐cause mortality in dogs admitted to the ICU
Authors: Pfeifer Mary E. , Prittie Jennifer E. , Zollo Ann Marie , Weltman Joel Green 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether red cell distribution width (RDW) can predict illness severity and mortality risk in a heterogenous population of dogs admitted to the ICU.DesignProspective observational study.SettingLarge, urban, private teaching hospital.AnimalsOne hundred eleven dogs consecutively admitted to the ICU between September 2017 and December 2018.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsAbbreviated Acute Patient Physiologic and Laboratory Evaluation (APPLEfast) score and RDW were measured within 6 h of ICU admission. This study did not demonstrate a significant difference in illness severity across patients stratified by RDW. There was no difference in RDW between survivors and nonsurvivors at hospital discharge or at 30 days.ConclusionsIn this study population, RDW did not correspond with illness severity as measured by APPLEfast. Moreover, RDW did not predict in‐hospital or 30‐day mortality.