bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pax Transatlantica
Authors: Hanhimäki Jussi M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Pax Transatlantica asserts that the recurrent transatlantic crises that have dominated headlines since the end of the Cold War, while not irrelevant, pale when set against the realities of shared interests and goals. It emphasizes three key factors. First, despite inflammatory and dismissive rhetoric, NATO continues to provide a solid security structure for its member states: an institutional framework of a Pax Transatlantica that has stood the test of time by expanding its remit and scope. Second, in a world concerned with the potential effects of trade wars (especially between the United States and China) and the rise of economic nationalism, the transatlantic economic relationship stands apart as the richest, most closely integrated transcontinental economic space on the globe. Third, the book traces the parallel evolution of domestic politics on both sides of the Atlantic with specific focus on the rise of populism. Rather than a sign of transatlantic “drift,” the rise of populism—much like the emergence of so-called Third Way politics on both sides of the Atlantic in the 1990s—is evidence of a closely integrated transatlantic political space. In the end, while it is obvious that the history of the transatlantic relationship—even during the Cold War—was littered with crises, the relationship has endured. Conflicts have illustrated, time and again, the strength of the transatlantic community. The “West,” the book concludes, not only continues to exist. It is likely to thrive in the future.
Politics and Populists
Authors: Hanhimäki Jussi M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chapter 4 examines the transatlantic political space, with special attention to the rise of populism. Particularly since 2016, analysts have been obsessed with the dawn of a new era of post-truth politics and illiberal democracy. Refusing such pessimism, the chapter asserts that the rise of transatlantic populism is part and parcel of the reshuffling of democratic politics after 1989, when labels like “left” and “right” no longer carried the meaning they once had. Moreover, the transatlantic nature of populism—like the rise of the so-called Third Way in the 1990s—speaks volumes of the degree of interconnectivity between Europe and America in the post–Cold War world. While each country’s domestic politics can be idiosyncratic, the “macro” trends have grown increasingly similar in the past three decades. There is, the chapter contends, a transatlantic political space in which ideas resonate and “travel” at increasing speed.
Epilogue
Authors: Hanhimäki Jussi M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter provides a brief overview of the aftermath of the 2020 US elections and how the Biden presidency is likely help reshape the discourse and substance of the transatlantic relationship. The chapter, however, also asserts that the end of the Trump presidency will not mean a sudden return to normality because there will continue to be tensions between the United States and Europe on a number of issues from trade to policy vis-à-vis China. Instead the paradoxical coexistence between cooperation and conflict––between substantial common interests and recurrent disagreements––that has characterized the transatlantic relationship since the end of the Cold War is likely to continue for the foreseeable future. Pax transatlantica is likely to thrive for years to come.
Introduction
Authors: Bolens Guillemette 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The cognitive ability to process kinesic stimuli is nonverbal. Sensorimotor concepts are predictive and operate primarily outside of language. Human beings are able to perform a precise gesture without knowing how to account for it verbally. In literature, verbal artists work with the connections afforded in their language between sensorimotor and verbal concepts. In turn, the act of reading their texts taps into readers’ kinesic intelligence and their ability to connect a verbal concept of movement to a sensorial and motor concept. When writers play with such connections, kinesic humor in literature is liable to be experienced. In such instances, shifts in rhythm, tonicity, and kinesthetic intensity are paramount within readers’ perceptual simulations. While perceptual simulations are the prime trigger of an experience of humor, they generally remain pre-reflective. They can, however, become a focus of reflective attention. The introduction to Kinesic Humor provides a theory for this claim, and substantiates it with preliminary literary examples.
Saint-Simon
Authors: Bolens Guillemette 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Admired by Stendhal and Marcel Proust, Saint-Simon wrote about his life in Versailles under Louis XIV. His purpose was that of a historian. Yet his style is so striking that it inspired major literary artists. Kinesic intelligence was a vital skill in Versailles, and Saint-Simon was acutely aware of all forms of nonverbal communication. He was also capable of communicating about kinesic interactions—with a sharp sense of humor. This chapter focuses on Saint-Simon’s portraits of the Duke and Duchess of Orléans, and his own intervention in the so-called Intrigue for the marriage of the Duke of Berry. In this episode, dynamic shifts, speed, and haptics (sensations interconnecting touch and kinesthesia) are a focus of attention, as they played a surprising role in Saint-Simon’s vivid experience of this historical moment.
Stendhal
Authors: Bolens Guillemette 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Stendhal was deeply interested in comedy. Even in such a tragic novel as Le Rouge et le Noir, powerful emotions are interwoven with humorous effects. A remarkable passage of Le Rouge et le Noir stages Julien Sorel interacting with Amanda Binet, a barmaid, and one of her lovers. Kinesic humor is central to this scene in which the complexity of kinesic communication is thematized through Julien’s failure to emulate the swaggering gait, dynamic facial gestures, and kinesic know-how of Amanda’s lover. Stendhal’s style is carefully considered in this chapter in relation to the challenge it represents for translators.
Ovid and Chrétien de Troyes
Authors: Bolens Guillemette 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Readers’ cultural expectations regarding literary masterpieces can hamper their experience of humor. This chapter studies the passage in Chrétien de Troyes’ Yvain in which the knight’s faithful lion is said to run like a frantic hog. This simile is so surprising that it has generally been ignored not only by medievalists but also by medieval translators of Chrétien’s Yvain. Yet its potential humor is highly significant, as its disruptive quality constitutes an astute response to the already disruptive thrust of Ovid’s legend of Pyramus and Thisbe. The comparative and intertextual approach of this chapter brings together, on the one hand, Chrétien’s romance with its translations in Middle English, Old Norse, and Old Swedish, and on the other hand, Ovid’s seminal legend with its medieval adaptations by Chaucer, Gower, Boccaccio, and the anonymous author of the Old French Piramus et Tisbé. In every work, the dynamics of perception and cognition are central to the plot.
Mutinies in War
Authors: Grint Keith 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis chapter covers mutinies which occur during the most dangerous times for the establishment: under conditions of war. Theoretically, any collective dissent from a legal order in a military organization is mutiny, and the events over Christmas 1914 along the Western Front in France and Belgium precisely capture this tension, with some calling it a ‘truce’ and others categorically calling it a mutiny—thus ensuring it is not repeated the following Christmas. Next we consider the Russian mutiny of 1917 that, unlike the Potemkin mutiny, occurs in a febrile national context with significant support from the political left. Some of the reverberations of Russia end up in France in 1917, straight after the failed Nivelle offensive, and this also reveals the significance of dashed expectations, as well as the dire consequences of the French state’s response. Within a year the German Navy is convulsed by similar issues, the first time it is crushed because the conditions are inadequate, but the second time, in 1918, against the backdrop of a military catastrophe and political turmoil, it is the mutiny of the German sailors that leads to the toppling of the German state. For the British and Commonwealth armies in France, post 1914, mutinies are rare, but they do occur, and it is serendipity that lends at hand. However, the largest of all British mutinies in wartime occurs in Salerno in 1943, and ironically it is stimulated by loyalty to the regiment, rather than disloyalty to the state.
Mutinies after War
Authors: Grint Keith 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIf mutinies are significant threats to those military parties facing defeat during wars, they are still more dangerous to the victors after the war is ended, when those conscripted for the duration of the war are desperate to return home. This chapter covers three such mutinies: those affecting British forces in 1918 and 1919; those facing Canadian forces in 1919; and finally the mutiny that literally grounded the RAF in 1946 in India and the Far East. The first cases occur in the south of England and France as the First World War is ending, but Churchill in particular was keen to retain both naval and army units to continue the fight against the fledgling Bolshevik regime. What is intriguing about these is just how militant the mutineers were and how the British government treated them with kid gloves, unlike those in the British Foreign Labour units who we meet in chapter 6. For the Canadian army the problem starts in Russia but end up in Wales, as the troops kick their heels waiting to return home and frustrations boil over into gunfights near Rhyl in 1919. Finally, we consider the similar issues prevailing over the RAF in India and the Far East as it becomes clear to the subordinates that they are a long way from home and have little immediate prospect of going home—unless they mutiny.
Fission and Shared Stages
Authors: Ehring Douglas 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In Chapter 2, a fifth mapping of identity on to fission is considered, one that rejects the assumption that different people cannot shared stages. One variant of this “shared stage” approach is the idea that there are two people all along in fission and these two people wholly share a stage prior to fission. The claimed consequence is that the relation of different stages being stages of a common person and the relation that matters in survival do not diverge from each other in fission. It is pointed out that the relation of being stages of a common person is not the proper analogue—in the framework of temporal parts—of the “identity” of the commonsense proposition that “identity matters.” The proper analogue relation is outlined and the divergence in fission reemerges. An alternate version of the fifth mapping—there are two people all along in fission who only partially overlap prior to fission—does not eliminate this divergence.
Application: The Predicate ‘High Risk’
Authors: Cappelen Herman , Dever Josh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter begins to flesh out the theory of de-anthropocentrized externalism, by considering what we should say about AI systems’ use of predicates, such as ‘is a benign lesion’ or ‘will default on a loan’. Introducing Kripke’s seminal causal theory of names, the chapter shows how (and why it’s necessary) to abstract from the theory’s anthropocentric features while still preserving its key features, such as the idea that use of a term should be anchored in a baptismal event and that the term’s reference is passed on from speaker to speaker.
Application: Names and the Mental Files Framework
Authors: Cappelen Herman , Dever Josh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter continues the process of anthropocentric abstraction, here concentrating on proper names. Do AI systems use proper names? Using our example of ‘SmartCredit’, it highlights problems concerning how to treat the output of an AI system when some, but not all or most, of the information in its neural network fails to apply to the individual we interpret the output to be about. After giving reasons to think the standard Kripkean theory might not work well here, it suggests an alternative theory of communication about particular entities, the mental file framework, which is more apt for theorizing about AI systems. It then abstracts from the human-centric features of extant theories of mental files to consider how AI might use something like them to refer to particulars.
Application: Predication and Commitment
Authors: Cappelen Herman , Dever Josh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The previous chapters have given us ways of thinking about how an AI system might use names and predicates. But language use involves more than simply tokening expressions. It also involves predicating, or asserting, or judging: applying predicates to terms to make a claim. How can AI do that, even granting it can name things and express predicates? This chapter proposes an answer, by melding together two popular theories: the act-theory of propositional content, and teleosemantics. In a now familiar way, it abstracts from human-centric features of extant theories to show how we can understand AI predication.
Four Concluding Thoughts
Authors: Cappelen Herman , Dever Josh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The final chapter considers or reconsiders four topics that are important for philosophers coming to terms with AI communication: the fact that AI systems’ goals might change without human intervention and become misaligned with humans’ goals. It is argued that such possibilities make it both particularly important but also particularly difficult to give theories of AI communication. The second topic is the external mind hypothesis: the author considers its relevance for AI systems. The third considers what we can learn about so-called adversarial perturbations, and suggests they can help us reply to the sceptic Alfred from Chapter 2. Finally, the chapter concludes by considering again explainable AI, suggesting that the externalistic perspective offers can help us understand what we can and cannot require of explainable AI systems.
Combinatorial QFT and the Jacobian Conjecture
Authors: Tanasa Adrian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Jacobian Conjecture states that any complex n-dimensional locally invertible polynomial system is globally invertible with polynomial inverse. In 1982, Bass et al. proved an important reduction theorem stating that the conjecture is true for any degree of the polynomial system if it is true in degree three. This degree reduction is obtained with the price of increasing the dimension n. We show in this chapter a result concerning partial elimination of variables, which implies a reduction of the generic case to the quadratic one. The price to pay is the introduction of a supplementary parameter 0≤n′≤n, parameter which represents the dimension of a linear subspace where some particular conditions on the system must hold. We exhibit a proof, in a QFT formulation, using the intermediate field method exposed in Chapter 3.
Fermionic QFT, Grassmann calculus, and combinatorics
Authors: Tanasa Adrian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the first section of this chapter, we use Grassmann calculus, used in fermionic QFT, to give, first a reformulation of the Lingström–Gesse–Viennot lemma proof. We further show that this proof generalizes to graphs with cycles. We then use the same Grassmann calculus techniques to give new proofs of Stembridge's identities relating appropriate graph Pfaffians to sum over non-intersecting paths. The results presented here go further than the ones of Stembridge, because Grassmann algebra techniques naturally extend (without any cost!) to graphs with cycles. We thus obtain, instead of sums over non-intersecting paths, sums over non-intersecting paths and non-intersecting cycles. In the fifth section of the chapter, we give a generalization of these results. In the sixth section of this chapter we use Grassmann calculus to exhibit the relation between a multivariate version of Tutte polynomial and the Kirchhoff-Symanzik polynomials of the parametric representation of Feynman integrals, polynomials already introduced in Chapters 1 and Chapter 3.
QFT on the non-commutative Moyal space and combinatorics
Authors: Tanasa Adrian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this chapter we present the Phi? QFT model on the non-commutative Moyal space and the UV/IR mixing issue, which prevents it from being renormalizable. We then present the Grosse–Wulkenhaar Phi? QFT model on the non-commutative Moyal space, which changes the usual propagator of the Phi? model (based on the heat kernel formula) to a Mehler kernel based propagator. This Grosse–Wulkenhaar model is perturbatively renormalizable but it is not translation-invariant (translation-invariance being a usual property of high-energy physics models). We then show how the Mellin transform technique can be used to express the Feynman integrals of the Grosse-Wulkenhaar model. In the last part of the chapter, we present another Phi? QFT model on the non-commutative Moyal space, which is however both renormalizable and translation-invariant. We show the relation between the parametric representation of this model and the Bollobás–Riordan polynomial.
Quantum gravity, group field theory (GFT), and combinatorics
Authors: Tanasa Adrian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis chapter is the first chapter of the book dedicated to the study of the combinatorics of various quantum gravity approaches. After a brief introductory section to quantum gravity, we shortly mention the main candidates for a quantum theory of gravity: string theory, loop quantum gravity, and group field theory (GFT), causal dynamical triangulations, matrix models. The next sections introduce some GFT models such as the Boulatov model, the colourable and the multi-orientable model. The saddle point method for some specific GFT Feynman integrals is presented in the fifth section. Finally, some algebraic combinatorics results are presented: definition of an appropriate Conne–Kreimer Hopf algebra describing the combinatorics of the renormalization of a certain tensor GFT model (the so-called Ben Geloun–Rivasseau model) and the use of its Hochschild cohomology for the study of the combinatorial Dyson–Schwinger equation of this specific model.
Random tensor models—theU(N)D-invariant model
Authors: Tanasa Adrian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the first section we give a briefly presentation of the U(N)D-invariant tensor models (N being again the size of the tensor, and D being the dimension). The next section is then dedicated to the analysis of the Dyson–Schwinger equations (DSE) in the large N limit. These results are essential to implement the double scaling limit mechanism of the DSEs, which is done in the third section. The main result of this chapter is the doubly-scaled 2-point function for a model with generic melonic interactions. However, several assumptions on the large N scaling of cumulants are made along the way. They are proved using various combinatorial methods.
Random tensor models—the multi-orientable (MO) model
Authors: Tanasa Adrian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn its first section, this chapter presents the definition of the multi-orientable tensor model. The 1/N expansion and the large N limit of this model are exposed in the second section of the chapter. In the third section, a thorough enumerative combinatorial analysis of the general term of the 1/N expansion is presented. The implementation of the double scaling mechanism is then exhibited in the fourth section. This chapter presents the multi-orientable (MO) tensor model and it follows the review article. This rank three model, having O(N) U(N) O(N) symetry, can be seen as an intermediate step between the U(N) invariant model presented in the previous chapter, and the O(N) invariant model presented in the following chapter. The class of Feynman graph generated by perturbative expansion of MO model is strictly larger than the class of Feynman graphs of the U(N) invariant model and strictly smaller than the one of the O(N) invariant model.
Informalism
Authors: Gasbarri Lorenzo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Informalism comprises the theories that frame the law produced by international organizations in shades of normativity: member states and international organizations are integrated in heterarchical relationships primarily governed by politics; the law created by international organizations belongs to hybrid legal systems; the institutional veil is characterized by degrees of transparency depending on the internal relation of power; the conduct of a member state acting in the institutional forum is alternatively relevant or not relevant as a matter of international law, depending on the internal relation of power. This chapter describes the historical roots of this conceptualization and elaborates why under this perspective the rules of the organizations are considered as a matter of degrees of legality. Afterwards, it describes the flaws of this theory focusing on the law of the international civil service and on global administrative law.
The Dual Legal Nature in Practice
Authors: Gasbarri Lorenzo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter describes the dual legal character of international organizations as discussed in practice and scholarship. It reviews every act mentioned by the International Law Commission in its definition of rules of international organizations: ‘the constituent instruments, decisions, resolutions and other acts of the international organization adopted in accordance with those instruments, and established practice of the organization’. Moreover, it also includes agreements with third parties and judicial decisions, which the Commission mentioned only in the commentary to the articles on the responsibility of international organizations. Additionally, it considers general principles and customary law, not mentioned by the Commission but rules of international organizations nonetheless. The purpose is to present a variety of examples in which the dual legal character is either useful to shed new light on traditional debates or already acknowledged by practice and scholarship.
The Law of Treaties
Authors: Gasbarri Lorenzo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter applies the dual legal nature to the law of treaties. It begins by describing how international organizations were conceptualized in the debates of the International Law Commission and of International Law Institute on the law of treaties. Afterwards it contends that the capacity of an international organization to conclude a treaty is based both on a norm of general international law and on a norm of the internal institutional legal system. This finding is applied to the controversial issue of the position of member states in the treaty concluded by the organization. The dual nature leads to rethinking the role of members within the organizations based on complementarity. It means that member states have an indirect involvement with the treaty concluded only by the organization. For instance, member states’ obligations arise in order to provide the organization with the means to fulfil the obligations of the organization.