bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unzureichende Vitamin-D-Versorgung im Alter: Konsequenzen und Lösungsansätze für die Praxis
Authors: Zittermann Armin 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungVitamin D ist eine für den Menschen essenzielle Substanz, die eine zentrale Rolle bei der Regulation des Kalzium- und Phosphathaushalts spielt, aber auch für eine normale Immunfunktion und Zellteilung wichtig ist. Als essenzielle Substanz muss Vitamin D dem Körper lebenslang in ausreichender Menge zur Verfügung gestellt werden. In Deutschland liegt bei Senioren ähnlich wie in der jüngeren Allgemeinbevölkerung der Blutspiegel an 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (Indikator des Vitamin-D-Status) zu über 50 % im defizitären/insuffizienten Bereich (< 50 nmol/L), wobei die unzureichende Versorgungslage deutliche saisonale Schwankungen aufweist (41 % am Ende des Sommers und 75 % am Ende des Winters). Im klinischen Bereich können Vitamin-D-Supplemente bei Personen mit defizitärer Vitamin-D-Versorgung zu einer Reduktion des Risikos von osteoporotischen Frakturen und akuten Atemwegsinfekte beitragen sowie möglicherweise bei einigen Erkrankungen wie Asthma und chronisch obstruktiver Lungenerkrankung die Krankheitsschübe reduzieren. Ein Vitamin-D-Mangel kann in der Regel durch die tägliche Einnahme eines Vitamin-D-Supplements in Höhe von 800–1000 IE (20–25 µg) effektiv verhindert werden. Von hochdosierten, intermittierenden Vitamin-D-Gaben, die zu 25OHD-Spiegeln > 125 nmol/L führen, ist abzuraten. Vitamin-D-Tests werden im klinischen Bereich häufig zur Beurteilung der Versorgungslage von Einzelpersonen durchgeführt. Hier sind sie zur Bestätigung eines Verdachts auf eine Vitamin-D-Intoxikation hilfreich. Ansonsten sind sie aber als Screening auf einen Vitamin-D-Mangel meist unnötig und manchmal verunsichernd.
Sunitinib-Induced Hypothyroidism and Survival in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Mathew Annie , Führer Dagmar , Lahner Harald 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSunitinib has been approved for the treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, renal-cell carcinoma, and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. The elevation of thyroid-stimulating hormone serum levels is a common side effect. Studies suggest a correlation between sunitinib-induced hypothyroidism and treatment outcome in patients with renal-cell carcinoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. This study assessed whether sunitinib-induced hypothyroidism is a predictive marker of the objective response rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor patients. Twenty-nine patients treated with sunitinib for advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors were included. The incidence of sunitinib-induced hypothyroidism was 33%. The median progression-free survival of patients who developed hypothyroidism was 16 months (95% confidence interval: 6.2–25.8 months) as compared with six months among euthyroid patients (95% confidence interval: 0.1–12.2 months) (p=0.02). The median overall survival was 77 months (95% confidence interval: 31.4–122.6 months) in hypothyroid patients but 12 months (95% confidence interval: 5.9–18.1 months) in subjects with euthyroidism (p=0.001). The median overall survival from the time of initial diagnosis ranged from 247 months in patients with hypothyroidism to 65 months in euthyroid subjects (p=0.015). Elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone levels are a prognostic biomarker of improved outcomes of sunitinib therapy in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor patients.
Die Gastroenterologie in der ersten und zweiten Corona-Welle – zwei Umfragen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Leitender Gastroenterologischer Krankenhausärzte (ALGK)
Authors: Frieling Thomas , Behrens Angelika , Labenz Joachim , Leifeld Ludger , Madisch Ahmed , Schilling Dieter , Terjung Birgit 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Eine repräsentative Beschreibung der aktuellen Arbeitsbedingungen, Änderungen und Perspektiven in nicht-universitären gastroenterologischen Kliniken/Abteilungen in Deutschland, insbesondere auch im zeitlichen Verlauf der Corona-Krise, ist bisher nicht vorhanden. Die Arbeitsgemeinschaft Leitender Gastroenterologischer Krankenhausärzte (ALGK) repräsentiert mehr als 70% der gastroenterologischen Chefärzte und spiegelt daher die Situation in der stationären Gastroenterologie repräsentativ wider.
Methode Die ALGK führte in den Jahren 2020 während der ersten und 2021 während der zweiten Corona-Welle eine Umfrage ihrer Mitglieder über den Link https://www.surveymonkey.de/r/TFBFGMV durch. Hierbei wurden 369 Mitglieder mit gültiger E-Mail-Adresse angeschrieben. In der ersten Umfrage wurden 17 und in der zweiten Umfrage 21 Fragen gestellt.
Ergebnisse 58 % der Antworten repräsentierten Grund- und Regelversorger, 36 % Schwerpunktversorger, 6 % Maximalversorger, 43 % kommunale Krankenhäuser, 38 % konfessionelle Träger und 18 % private Träger. 87 % der befragten Abteilungen/Kliniken gaben eine Absage der elektiven stationären Versorgung überwiegend und unverändert durch den Patienten (87 %/85 %) an. In der zweiten Umfrage waren die durch den Arzt abgesagten Untersuchungen (58 % vs. 84 %), die Angabe rückläufiger Notfälle (16 % vs. 29 %), die Verschiebung der elektiven Diagnostik bzw. Therapie (85 % vs. 99 %) und der Rückgang geplanter stationärer (65 vs. 91 %) bzw. ambulanter Behandlungen (15 % vs. 84 %) deutlich geringer als bei der ersten Umfrage. Im Mittel war in den Kliniken/Abteilungen ein Rückgang der diagnostischen Endoskopien von 337/Monat auf 151/Monat (55 %), der therapeutischen von 174/Monat auf 84/Monat (52 %) und der Vorsorgekoloskopien von 56/Monat auf 7/Monat (87,5 %) zu verzeichnen. Der Vergleich zwischen den Krankenhausträgern ergab eine häufigere Angabe von quarantänepflichtigen Mitarbeitern, von sehr starker bzw. starker psychischer Belastung, von Angst vor Corona-Infektionen und die Vermutung einer zunehmenden Ambulantisierung der Gastroenterologie bei privaten Trägern. Die Impfbereitschaft war trägerunabhängig bei den Ärzten/Endoskopiepersonal mit insgesamt 92 %/89 % sehr hoch. Ebenfalls trägerunabhängig befürchteten 38 % der Befragten, dass ihr Haus aufgrund der Corona-Krise existenzgefährdet sei.
Schlussfolgerung Die beiden ALGK-Umfragen geben ein repräsentatives Bild über die Situation der nicht-universitären gastroenterologischen Kliniken/Abteilungen während der Corona-Krise und im Zeitverlauf in Deutschland.
Tensile and wear properties of repetitive corrugation and straightened Al 2024 alloy: an experimental and RSM approach
Authors: Manjunath Y J , Thirthaprasada H P , Chandrashekar A , Kaladgi Abdul Razak , Mohanavel V , Afzal Asif , Manjunatha M C , Basheer Dadapeer 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Repetitive Corrugation and Straightening (RCS) on sheet geometries causes Cyclic Plastic Deformation, resulting in potential improvements of mechanical characteristics in metals and alloys. In this study, sample sheets of Al 2024 are subjected to severe plastic deformation with specially designed corrugated rollers to generate heterogeneous repeated plastic deformation at room temperature. The material shows enhanced properties under severe plastic deformation, with 5.07% increase in tensile strength, compared to unprocessed material. Maximum tensile strength was observed at annealed temperature of 150 °C is of about 3.49% increase in tensile strength over other temperature conditions. A wear study was carried out by considering the processed sheet that yields high tensile strength (annealed at 150 °C) by varying process parameters like sliding distance, load and sliding velocity as per design of experiments. In comparison to all other combinations, the wear resistance was shown to be better with a sliding distance of 6000 m, a load of 9.81 N, and a sliding velocity of 1.45 m s−1. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) approach was adopted for comparing purpose, the experimental findings are found to be more similar to the RSM approach’s outcomes.
Precision medicine for the treatment of glomerulonephritis: a bold goal but not yet a transformative achievement
Authors: Glassock Richard J 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
The revolution in our ability to recognize the alterations in fundamental biology brought about by disease has fostered a renewed interest in precision or personalized medicine (‘the right treatment, or diagnostic test, for the right patient at the right time’). This nascent field has been led by oncology, immunohematology and infectious disease, but nephrology is catching up and quickly. Specific forms of glomerulonephritis (GN) thought to represent specific ‘diseases’ have been ‘downgraded’ to ‘patterns of injury’. New entities have emerged through the application of sophisticated molecular technologies, often embraced by the term ‘multi-omics’. Kidney biopsies are now interpreted by next-generation imaging and machine learning. Many opportunities are manifest that will translate these remarkable developments into novel safe and effective treatment regimens for specific pathogenic pathways evoking GN and its progression to kidney failure. A few successes embolden a positive look to the future. A sustained and highly collaborative engagement with this new paradigm will be required for this field, full of hope and high expectations, to realize its goal of transforming glomerular therapeutics from one size fits all (or many) to a true individualized management principle.
A multispecies TAC approach to achieving long-term sustainability in multispecies mixed fisheries
Authors: Wo Jia , Zhang Chongliang , Ji Yupeng , Xu Binduo , Xue Ying , Ren Yiping 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The management of mixed fisheries is complicated by the biological and technical interactions among fish species. We tested a multispecies total allowable catch approach to managing mixed fisheries while accounting for the interactions and changes within fish community. A multispecies size–spectrum model was developed to simulate the dynamic of fish community in North Yellow Sea, China. Three scenarios were evaluated: (1) business-as-usual (BAU); (2) Single-species TAC (SSTAC); and (3) Multispecies TAC (MSTAC, assigning an aggregated total TAC to a selected group of species). Our results showed that BAU reduced biomass of target species to a substantially low level, SSTAC led to loss of fishing opportunity by involving “choke species” with discard ban, while MSTAC had a potential for maintaining long-term yields and community structure. We demonstrated the ecological effects of varying levels of MSTACs on the target and non-target species. Species’ responses to MSTAC were stronger when the species had similar feeding and habitat traits to the target species, implying intense competition. Particularly, a 20% decrease in MSTAC could cause an average 17% decline in the biomass of other species through biological interactions in the long-term. MSTAC could be a promising approach to achieving long-term sustainability in data deficient fisheries.
Expect the unexpected: chronic renal abscess secondary to renal actinomycosis
Authors: Walsh Jennifer , Fennelly Neil , Kilgallen Clive , Connor Eabhann O , Forde James , Dinesh Binu , Fitzpatrick Fidelma 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Actinomycosis is an invasive infection, which can affect numerous anatomical sites, though rarely the kidney. The rate of nephrectomy is high despite antibiotic therapy.
A 51 year old presented with a Proteus mirabilis renal abscess 9 years following a similar renal abscess. The abscess persisted despite appropriate antibiotic treatment and radiological drainage. In addition to P. mirabilis, Actinomyces species was isolated on polymicrobial abscess culture after 6 weeks antibiotic therapy. Despite appropriate antibiotics, nephrectomy was required. Histology confirmed actinomycosis. Actinomycosis should be considered in chronic, destructive infections, especially if failure to respond to appropriate antimicrobials. However, Actinomyces species may be missed by routine culture techniques. Because of the polymicrobial nature of abscesses, good communication with the laboratory is essential to ensure that cultures are prolonged and the isolation of one pathogen does not hinder the isolation of others.
The tyranny of strangers: transformative occupations old and new
Authors: Craven Matthew 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the aftermath of the US led invasion of Iraq in 2003, considerable attention was given to the apparent emergence of a new type of belligerent occupation—the ‘transformative occupation’ which apparently challenged the traditional assumptions of the law of occupation. The suggestion here is that, as an examination of the British occupation of Mesopotamia between 1914-1924 reveals, the ‘transformative occupation’ is by no means a new institution, but is one that may be associated with a tradition of thought and practice in which the institution of belligerent occupationwas made congruent with the operational rationalities of colonial rule by re-imagining it as a form of sacred trust. The legacy of that history, it is contended, is critical for understanding the role of occupation law today.
Is Honesty Rational?
Authors: Sbardolini Giorgio 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
According to the Maxim of Quality, rational agents tend to speak honestly. Due to the influence of Grice, a connection between linguistic rationality and honesty is often taken for granted. However, the connection is not obvious: structural rationality in language use does not require honesty, any more than it requires dishonesty. In particular, Quality does not follow from the Cooperative Principle and structural rationality. But then what is honest rational speech? I propose to move the discussion in the context of Stalnaker's theory of assertion. From this perspective, although there is no most rational way to behave, Quality follows from the structure of Stalnakerian conversations if interlocutors are sensitive to credibility. In this case, honesty is built on the expectation of reciprocity, and cooperativity is an outcome and not a precondition of rational communication. A benefit of my discussion is that the account of linguistic rationality falls under the more general view of interactive rationality familiar from theoretical economics.
The value of English common law for new “special zones”: a case study of two contrasting examples
Authors: Reynolds Barnabas , Donegan Thomas , Linch Oliver 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The UK legal system, and in particular the legal method of the common law, is in use in numerous countries around the world. (The Scots law approach, which is uncodified, is in many ways similar to that of the common law, but has been used less internationally.) The UK's approach contrasts with the code-based civil law method, the other major legal technique, in use in most other countries and which derives from the codifications in Europe of the nineteenth century. In recent years, various countries have sought to benefit from the UK’s methods, particularly in commercial matters, by setting up free zones in which new laws can apply. Dubai and Abu Dhabi, two of the United Arab Emirates, are prominent examples. However, they have chosen different means by which to adopt elements of the UK’s legal system. This article explores what each has done, and some of the distinctions between their two approaches.
Alibert and His Contribution to Dermatology (1768–1837)
Authors: Magaña Mario 
Published: December 2021

Abstract:
Jean Louis Marc Alibert, 1786–1837, France, is considered one of the founders of modern dermatology, he was able to organize the Hôpital Saint Louis in Paris and developed a school, among other contributions he wrote at least two books, he described the tumoral stage of mycosis fungoides, congenital nevus, keloids, and proposed The Tree of Dermatoses as his concept for the understanding of skin diseases.
Do High-Volume Injections Affect the Ultrasonographic Neovascularization in Chronic Achilles Tendinopathy? A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: van Oosten Claire C. M. , van der Vlist Arco C. , van Veldhoven Peter L. J. , van Oosterom Robert F. , Verhaar Jan A. N. , de Vos Robert Jan. 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
High-volume injections (HVIs) are thought to target neovascularization in chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy (AT), yet the mechanism has not been clarified. Therefore, we aim to evaluate whether a HVI decreases ultrasonographic Doppler flow in patients with chronic midportion AT.

Design:
A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Setting:
Sports medicine department at a district general hospital.

Patients:
Sixty-two patients with clinically diagnosed chronic midportion AT were included and randomized into the intervention group (HVI-group, n = 30) and placebo group (n = 32).

Intervention:
A daily calf-muscle exercise program combined with either (1) a HVI (HVI-group: 50 mL) or (2) a placebo-injection (placebo-group: 2 mL) with a mixture of saline and lidocaine.

Main Outcome Measures:
Primary outcome was the surface area quantification (SAQ) score (%) of the Doppler flow during a 24-week follow-up period. Secondary outcome was the association between SAQ scores and symptoms [Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment–Achilles (VISA-A)]. Outcomes were measured before, directly after, and 1 hour after the injection and at 2, 6, 12, and 24 weeks of follow-up.

Results:
There was no significant between-group difference at 24 weeks [−0.1%; 95% confidence interval (CI), −4.9 to 4.7] or at any of the other time points. Change in SAQ score did not correlate with the change in VISA-A score (P = 0.93).

Conclusion:
A HVI does not affect Doppler flow in patients with chronic midportion AT. Also, changes in Doppler flow were not associated with the clinical outcome. These findings challenge the theoretical basis of a HVI.

Trial registration:
NCT02996409.
Brief Report: Active HIV Case Finding in the City of Kigali, Rwanda: Assessment of Voluntary Assisted Partner Notification Modalities to Detect Undiagnosed HIV Infections
Authors: Remera Eric , Nsanzimana Sabin , Chammartin Frédérique , Semakula Muhammed , Rwibasira Gallican N. , Malamba Samuel S. , Riedel David J. , Tuyishime Elysee , Condo Jeanine U. , Ndimubanzi Patrick , Sangwayire Beata , Forrest Jamie I. , Cantoreggi Sara L. , Mills Edward J. , Bucher Heiner C. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Voluntary assisted partner notification (VAPN) services that use contract, provider, or dual referral modalities may be efficient to identify individuals with undiagnosed HIV infection. We aimed to assess the relative effectiveness of VAPN modalities in identifying undiagnosed HIV infections.

Setting:
VAPN was piloted in 23 health facilities in Kigali, Rwanda.

Methods:
We identified individuals with a new HIV diagnosis before antiretroviral therapy initiation or individuals on antiretroviral therapy (index cases), who reported having had sexual partners with unknown HIV status, to assess the association between referral modalities and the odds of identifying HIV-positive partners using a Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model. We adjusted our model for important factors identified through a Bayesian variable selection.

Results:
Between October 2018 and December 2019, 6336 index cases were recruited, leading to the testing of 7690 partners. HIV positivity rate was 7.1% (546/7690). We found no association between the different referral modalities and the odds of identifying HIV-positive partners. Notified partners of male individuals (adjusted odds ratio 1.84; 95% credible interval: 1.50 to 2.28) and index cases with a new HIV diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio 1.82; 95% credible interval: 1.45 to 2.30) were more likely to be infected with HIV.

Conclusion:
All 3 VAPN modalities were comparable in identifying partners with HIV. Male individuals and newly diagnosed index cases were more likely to have partners with HIV. HIV-positive yield from index testing was higher than the national average and should be scaled up to reach the first UNAIDS-95 target by 2030.
DISEASES 2.0: a weekly updated database of disease–gene associations from text mining and data integration
Authors: Grissa Dhouha , Junge Alexander , Oprea Tudor I. , Jensen Lars Juhl 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe scientific knowledge about which genes are involved in which diseases grows rapidly, which makes it difficult to keep up with new publications and genetics datasets. The DISEASES database aims to provide a comprehensive overview by systematically integrating and assigning confidence scores to evidence for disease–gene associations from curated databases, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and automatic text mining of the biomedical literature. Here, we present a major update to this resource, which greatly increases the number of associations from all these sources. This is especially true for the text-mined associations, which have increased by at least 9-fold at all confidence cutoffs. We show that this dramatic increase is primarily due to adding full-text articles to the text corpus, secondarily due to improvements to both the disease and gene dictionaries used for named entity recognition, and only to a very small extent due to the growth in number of PubMed abstracts. DISEASES now also makes use of a new GWAS database, TIGA, which considerably increased the number of GWAS-derived disease–gene associations. DISEASES itself is also integrated into several other databases and resources, including GeneCards/MalaCards, Pharos/TCRD, and the Cytoscape stringApp. All data in DISEASES is updated on a weekly basis and is available via a web interface at https://diseases.jensenlab.org, from where it can also be downloaded under open licenses.
The need for unrealistic experiments in global change biology
Authors: Collins Sinéad , Thomas Mridul K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractClimate change is an existential threat, and our ability to conduct experiments on how organisms will respond to it is limited by logistics and resources, making it vital that experiments be maximally useful. The majority of experiments on phytoplankton responses to warming and CO2 use only two levels of each driver. However, to project the characters of future populations, we need a mechanistic and generalizable explanation for how phytoplankton respond to concurrent changes in temperature and CO2. This requires experiments with more driver levels, to produce response surfaces that can aid in the development of predictive models. We recommend prioritizing experiments or programmes that produce such response surfaces on multiple scales for phytoplankton.
Predictive profiling of SARS-CoV-2 variants by deep mutational learning
Authors: Taft Joseph M. , Weber Cédric R. , Gao Beichen , Ehling Roy A. , Han Jiami , Frei Lester , Metcalfe Sean W. , Yermanos Alexander , Kelton William , Reddy Sai T. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe continual evolution of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the emergence of variants that show resistance to vaccines and neutralizing antibodies (1–4) threaten to prolong the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (5). Selection and emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants are driven in part by mutations within the viral spike protein and in particular the ACE2 receptor-binding domain (RBD), a primary target site for neutralizing antibodies. Here, we develop deep mutational learning (DML), a machine learning-guided protein engineering technology, which is used to interrogate a massive sequence space of combinatorial mutations, representing billions of RBD variants, by accurately predicting their impact on ACE2 binding and antibody escape. A highly diverse landscape of possible SARS-CoV-2 variants is identified that could emerge from a multitude of evolutionary trajectories. DML may be used for predictive profiling on current and prospective variants, including highly mutated variants such as omicron (B.1.1.529), thus supporting decision making for public heath as well as guiding the development of therapeutic antibody treatments and vaccines for COVID-19.