bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffuse Meningiomatosis without Neurofibromatosis: A Rare Diagnosis with Atypical Presentation
Authors: Sharma Smily , Sharma Pankaj , Kumar Amit 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMeningiomas are amongst the most common neoplasms of the central nervous system; however, “multiple meningiomas” or “meningiomatosis” account for < 10% of cases. The association with neurofibromatosis 2 is seen in ∼50% of cases. We report a case of 35-year-old female patient who presented with left eye proptosis, left forehead swelling, and multiple cranial nerve palsies predominantly on the left side. Imaging evaluation revealed innumerable en plaque meningiomas forming a sheet-like nodular thickening along the dura, causing marked hyperostosis and extending into the orbits, cavernous sinuses, sellar–suprasellar regions, various skull foramina, basal cisterns and into the cervical spinal canal causing mass effect on vital structures of the brain and cervical spinal cord. Similar lesions were found scattered in rest of the spine. We intend to highlight the role of imaging in accurately establishing the diagnosis and evaluating the extent and burden of disease in such rare cases.
Gollop-Wolfgang Complex: Clinical and Imaging Implications
Authors: Vanderberg Robert Hunter , Block Thomas , Gates Thomas , Gomez Juan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGollop-Wolfgang complex is defined as the presence of a distal bifid femur and tibial hemimelia with or without hand ectrodactyly. The condition commonly presents with several skeletal abnormalities and internal organ congenital defects. We hereby report a case with a classical presentation of Gollop-Wolfgang complex.
Fibro Adipose Vascular Anomaly: A Rare and Often Misdiagnosed Entity
Authors: Khera Pushpinder S. , Garg Pawan K. , Babu Santhosh , Elhence Poonam , Tiwari Sarbesh , NK Shyamkumar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFibro adipose vascular anomaly (FAVA) is a rare type of vascular malformation with distinct clinical features. The authors here discussed the clinical, imaging, differential diagnosis, histopathological features, and treatment options of FAVA along with an illustrative case. It is important to know about this uncommon entity as this can be misdiagnosed due to the overlapping clinical features with other common entities. It is a benign condition with no proven malignant potential. There are no guidelines regarding the best treatment option.
Concurrent Extramedullary Hematopoiesis and Pseudometastatic Hypervascular Lesions Masquerading as Metastases in Liver in a Case of Neuroblastoma
Authors: Taori Abhijeet , Shenouda Nazih , Demellawy Dina El , Putnins Rita 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNeuroblastoma is a common embryonic tumor presenting in childhood. Improving treatment protocols which include a combination of chemotherapy, surgical resection, hematopoietic stem cell rescue, and radiation therapy have tremendously improved outcomes. Childhood survivors are at risk of developing lesions which may mimic metastases. It is essential to accurately diagnose these due to its prognostic implications.
Clinical Dilemma and the Role of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of an Unusual Presentation of Central Odontogenic Tumor—A Case Report
Authors: Surenthar Mouttoukichenin , Srinivasan Subramanian Vasudevan , Jimsha Vannathan Kumaran , Vineeth Ramanathan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCone beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides a detailed analysis of the dentition and of cortical and medullary bone free of superimposition inherent in radiographs, which are effortlessly plausible, easily available, and relatively inexpensive when compared with other cross-sectional imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This article presents a case report of a 23-year-old male patient with a complaint of a mass in the right side lower back tooth region for the past 2 and a half months, which had the unusual presentation of prominent exophytic growth masking the central odontogenic tumor, wherein the diagnostic performances of CBCT in unveiling the diagnostic challenge that led to the clinical dilemma is emphasized. Routine radiographs such as orthopantomogram, mandibular occlusal view were taken along with CBCT, which accentuated the precise diagnosis in this case. The lesion was surgically enucleated with curettage and extraction of the involved teeth. CBCT unveiled the classic multilocularity of ameloblastoma, which routine imaging failed to display. CBCT played a pivotal role in counteracting the diagnostic challenges faced and also in distinguishing it from a cystic lesion that was initially deceived by routine two-dimensional radiographs.
Beyond MELD Predictors of Post TIPSS Acute Liver Failure the Lesson Learned
Authors: Verma Ritu , Jain Nishchint , Arora Abhishek , Gamangatti Shivanand , Chaturvedi Shailendra 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTIPSS is safe and effective procedure for relieving portal hypertension by creating a low resistance portosystemic shunt. TIPSS reduces portal perfusion by 80 to 100% which then gradually gets partially compensated by increased flow from hepatic artery. Post TIPSS liver function shows brief deterioration which tends to start recovering in few weeks. However, progressive liver failure requiring emergency transplant or death remains a serious concern after TIPSS creation. The causes of post TIPSS liver failure are diverse and difficult to predict. Due to its rarity the definition of post TIPSS liver decompensation is also not well described in literature. Till date MELDNa score has been considered as the most reliable predictor of post TIPSS liver decompensation. In common practice post TIPSS liver failure is less likely in patients with model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score less than 18. We have experienced two unusual cases of post-TIPSS liver failure (PTLF) in patients with initial acceptable/low MELD score and the importance of non-MELD factors that may negatively influence post TIPSS outcome. Most of these can be routinely investigated prior to creating shunt thereby identifying patients at high risk of developing PTLF.
Exostosis of Rib: Case Report of an Extremely Rare Giant Osteochondroma at an Unusual Site, Radiopathological Correlation with Brief Review of Literature
Authors: Jilowa Sarita , Paliwal Purnima , Kapur Arun , Verma G. C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOsteochondromas are common benign tumors developing as an abnormal bony growth in the metaphyseal region. Being more of a developmental anomaly rather than a true neoplasm, they are usually found around the growth plates of long bones such as the knee, hip, and shoulder. These are typically managed conservatively if they are asymptomatic; however, they require excision in symptomatic patients. A 38-year-old woman presented with a huge swelling causing disfigurement measuring 16 × 16 cm on the left side of chest wall. Radiographs and computed tomography scan showed a bony outgrowth at costochondral junction of second rib which was in continuity with the periosteum. Excision via mediastinal sternotomy and left thoracotomy was done. Histopathological features corroborated with the radiological diagnosis of osteochondroma. Osteochondroma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chest wall tumors. Rib is an extremely rare site of presentation. The cartilaginous cap becomes fully ossified and is lost in longstanding lesions. Huge tumors at such a location can cause irritation of adjacent viscera which can lead to pleural effusion or hemothorax; therefore, a cautious and logical approach to diagnosis is warranted for appropriate therapeutic management.
Demonstration of TNSA proton radiography on the National Ignition Facility Advanced Radiographic Capability (NIF-ARC) laser
Authors: Simpson R A , Mariscal D A , Kim J , Scott G G , Williams G J , Grace E , McGuffey C , Wilks S , Kemp A , Lemos N , Djordjevic B Z , Folsom E , Kalantar D , Zacharias R , Pollock B , Moody J , Beg F , Morace A , Iwata N , Sentoku Y , Manuel M J-E , Mauldin M , Quinn M , Youngblood K , Gatu-Johnson M , Lahmann B , Haefner C , Neely D , Ma T 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Proton radiography using short-pulse laser drivers is an important tool in high-energy density (HED) science for dynamically diagnosing key characteristics in plasma interactions. Here we detail the first demonstration of target-normal sheath acceleration (TNSA)-based proton radiography the NIF-ARC laser system aided by the use of compound parabolic concentrators (CPCs). The multi-kJ energies available at the NIF-ARC laser allows for a high-brightness proton source for radiography and thus enabling a wide range of applications in HED science. In this demonstration, proton radiography of a physics package was performed and this work details the spectral properties of the TNSA proton probe as well as description of the resulting radiography quality.
Sheath collapse at critical shallow angle due to kinetic effects
Authors: Ewart Robert J , I Parra Felix , Geraldini Alessandro 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Debye sheath is known to vanish completely in magnetised plasmas for a sufficiently small electron gyroradius and small angle between the magnetic field and the wall. This angle depends on the current onto the wall. When the Debye sheath vanishes, there is still a potential drop between the wall and the plasma across the magnetic presheath. The magnetic field angle corresponding to the predicted sheath collapse is shown to be much smaller than previous estimates, scaling with the electron-ion mass ratio and not with the square root of the mass ratio. This is shown to be a consequence of the kinetic electron and finite ion orbit width effects, which are not captured by fluid models. The wall potential with respect to the bulk plasma at which the Debye sheath vanishes is calculated. Above this wall potential, it is possible that the Debye sheath will invert.
A fast convergence fourth-order Vlasov model for Hall thruster ionization oscillation analyses
Authors: WANG Zhexu , KAWASHIMA Rei , KOMURASAKI Kimiya 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A 1D1V hybrid Vlasov-fluid model was developed for this study to elucidate discharge current oscillations of Hall thrusters (HTs). The Vlasov equation for ions velocity distribution function with ionization source term is solved using a constrained interpolation profile conservative semi-Lagrangian method. The fourth-order weighted essentially non-oscillatory (4th WENO) limiter is applied to the first derivative value to minimize numerical oscillation in the discharge oscillation analyses. The fourth-order accuracy is verified through a 1D scalar test case. Nonoscillatory and high-resolution features of the Vlasov model are confirmed by simulating the test cases of the Vlasov–Poisson system and by comparing the results with a particle-in-cell (PIC) method. A 1D1V HT simulation is performed through the hybrid Vlasov model. The ionization oscillation is analyzed. The oscillation amplitude and plasma density are compared with those obtained from a hybrid PIC method. The comparison indicates that the hybrid Vlasov-fluid model yields noiseless results and that the steady-state waveform is calculable in a short time period.
Spatiotemporal control of femtosecond laser filament-triggered discharge and its application in diagnosing gas flow fields
Authors: ZHU Zhifeng , LI Bo , GAO Qiang , ZHU Jiajian , LI Zhongshan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Precise control of the discharge in space and time is of great significance for better applications of discharge plasma. Here, we used a femtosecond laser filament to trigger and guide a high-voltage DC pulse discharge to achieve spatiotemporal control of the discharge plasma. In space, the discharge plasma is distributed strictly along the channel generated by the femtosecond laser filament. The breakdown voltage threshold is reduced, and the discharge length is extended. In time, the electrical parameters such as the electrode voltage and the electrode gap affect discharge delay time and jitter. By optimizing the parameters, we can achieve sub-nanosecond jitter of the discharge. Based on the spatiotemporal control of the discharge, we applied filament-triggered discharge for one-dimensional composition measurements of the gas flow field. Besides, the technique shows great potential in studying the spatiotemporal evolution of discharge plasma.
Discharge and post-explosion behaviors of electrical explosion of conductors from a single wire to planar wire array
Authors: LI Chen , HAN Ruoyu , LIU Yi , ZHAO Jinlin , WANG Yanan , HE Feng , OUYANG Jiting 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This work deals with an experimental study of a Cu planar wire array (PWA) in air and water under the stored energy 300–1200 J. A single Cu wire is adopted as a controlled trial. Four configurations of PWA and a wire with the same mass (cross-section area) but the different specific surface areas (15–223 cm2 g−1) are exploded. The transient process is analyzed using high-speed photography in combination with the results of optical emission and discharge. Discharge characteristics revealed that PWA always has a higher electric power peak, early but higher voltage peak, as well as faster vaporization and ionization process than the single-wire case. Two to three times stronger optical emission could be obtained when replacing the single-wire with PWA, indicating a higher energy-density state is reached. Phenomenologically, in both air and water, single-wire load tends to develop a transverse stratified structure, while PWA is dominated by the uneven energy deposition among wires. Finally, the synchronism and uniformity of the PWA explosion are discussed.
Pulsed high-current discharge in water: adiabatic model of expanding plasma channel and acoustic wave
Authors: KOZYREV A , ZHERLITSYN A , SEMENIUK N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the results of a theoretical and experimental study of the use of a pulsed discharge in water to obtain a strong acoustic wave in a liquid medium. A discharge with a current amplitude of 10 kA, a duration of 400 ns, and an amplitude pulsed power of 280 MW in water at atmospheric pressure created an expanding acoustic wave with an amplitude of more than 100 MPa. To describe the formation of the discharge channel, an isothermal plasma model has been developed, which made it possible to calculate both the expansion dynamics of a high-current channel and the strong acoustic wave generated by it. Our calculations show that the number density of plasma in the channel reaches 1020 cm–3, while the degree of water vapor ionization is about 10%, and the channel wall extends with a velocity of 500 m s−1. The calculations for the acoustic wave are in good agreement with measurements.
Implementation and Evaluation of Virtual Laboratory Tours for Laboratory Diagnosis of Hematologic Disease
Authors: Scordino Teresa A , Darden Alix G 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objectives
There is often limited time allocated to teaching laboratory medicine to medical students. Without adequate time and context, it can be difficult for students to learn appropriate uses and limitations of laboratory tests. Introducing students to the laboratories and test methods may help them learn these concepts, but physical laboratory tours are difficult to organize for large groups, especially during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Methods
We created virtual laboratory tours consisting of short video clips and voiceover PowerPoint slides to teach students about the laboratory tests used to diagnose hematologic malignancies. We assessed the impact on student performance on laboratory medicine–themed quiz questions and surveyed the students to determine their attitudes about the activity.

Results
In total, 129 first-year medical students participated in the study. The average score on the preactivity quiz was 59.8%, and the average score on the postactivity quiz was 92.2%. Students were more confident in their ability to answer quiz questions after completing the activity. Postactivity survey data indicated that the students enjoyed the activity and felt it was an effective way to learn the material.

Conclusions
Virtual laboratory tours show promise as a method of incorporating more laboratory medicine content into medical school curricula.
The Signaling Role of Charitable Contributions by Businesses: A Tax Policy Perspective
Authors: Blumkin Tomer , Margalioth Yoram , Sadka Efraim , Sharoni Adi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Empirical evidence suggests that charitable contributions to public goods by businesses may be driven not only by the familiar warm glow of giving motive but also as a means for businesses to signal high product quality. Building on this finding, we present an analytical framework that demonstrates that the optimal degree of subsidization should decrease with the extent to which the signal is informative and may even turn into a tax when the signal is sufficiently strong.
“The Critic’s Duty Is to Refuse”
Authors: Arac Jonathan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In Matthew Arnold’s “The Function of Criticism at the Present Time” (1864), the duty to refuse warrants the critic’s independence. Rather than a timid inertia, refusal, resistance, make the critic’s rejection of partisanship a sharply styled decision. In defining the new social role of the critic, Arnold sets loose that disquieting figure, the independent leftist, who stands apart from those you’d think of as being on the same side. In the history of criticism in the US, this role for the critic provided important opportunities for otherwise marginalized or minoritized figures such as Lionel Trilling, James Baldwin, Susan Sontag, and Edward Said. It still has a future, if we dare.
In defining the new social role of the critic, Arnold sets loose that . . . disquieting figure, the independent leftist, who stands apart from those you’d think of as being on the same side.
Cerebellar signals drive motor adjustments and visual perceptual changes during forward and backward adaptation of reactive saccades
Authors: Cheviet Alexis , Masselink Jana , Koun Eric , Salemme Roméo , Lappe Markus , Froment-Tilikete Caroline , Pélisson Denis 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSaccadic adaptation ($SA$) is a cerebellar-dependent learning of motor commands ($MC$), which aims at preserving saccade accuracy. Since $SA$ alters visual localization during fixation and even more so across saccades, it could also involve changes of target and/or saccade visuospatial representations, the latter ($CDv$) resulting from a motor-to-visual transformation (forward dynamics model) of the corollary discharge of the $MC$. In the present study, we investigated if, in addition to its established role in adaptive adjustment of $MC$, the cerebellum could contribute to the adaptation-associated perceptual changes. Transfer of backward and forward adaptation to spatial perceptual performance (during ocular fixation and trans-saccadically) was assessed in eight cerebellar patients and eight healthy volunteers. In healthy participants, both types of $SA$ altered $MC$ as well as internal representations of the saccade target and of the saccadic eye displacement. In patients, adaptation-related adjustments of $MC$ and adaptation transfer to localization were strongly reduced relative to healthy participants, unraveling abnormal adaptation-related changes of target and $CDv$. Importantly, the estimated changes of $CDv$ were totally abolished following forward session but mainly preserved in backward session, suggesting that an internal model ensuring trans-saccadic localization could be located in the adaptation-related cerebellar networks or in downstream networks, respectively.
Segregating Complete Tf2 Elements Are Largely Neutral in Fission Yeast
Authors: Wang Yan , Wang Qin , Wu Zhiwei , Han Guan-Zhu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) comprise a large proportion of the eukaryote genomes. Yet it remains poorly understood how TEs influence the fitness of the hosts carrying them. Here, we empirically test the impact of TEs on the host fitness in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We find that two families of TEs (Tf1 and Tf2 elements), both of which belong to long terminal repeat retrotransposons, are highly polymorphic among individual S. pombe strains. Only 13 complete Tf2 elements are identified in S. pombe laboratory strain 972. These 13 Tf2 elements integrated into host genomes in very recent time and are segregating within the S. pombe population. Through knocking out each of the 13 Tf2 elements in S. pombe strain 972, we find Tf2 knockout does not affect the host fitness, and Tf2 elements do not alter the expression of nearby genes. Challenged by diverse forms of stress, the Tf2 knockout strains do not exhibit different growth rates from wild-type strain. Together, we conclude that segregating complete Tf2 elements insertions are largely neutral to host fitness in the fission yeast. Our study provides genome-wide empirical support for the selfish nature of TEs in fission yeast.
Conceal, Enhance, Expose, Perfect: A Mid-Century Mormon Swimsuit Designer’s Feminine Bodily Discipline
Authors: Feller Gavin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article analyzes feminine bodily discipline through the intersection of fashion and faith in mid-century America. Through an analysis of the life and career of Rose Marie Reid—a world-renowned swimsuit designer—this article complicates the cultural history of bodily discipline by recovering the nuances of Reid’s roles as the head of a global swimsuit business and a conservative Mormon mother. I argue that Reid’s major intervention was an insistence that a desirable female subjectivity requires discipline, diligence, and material assistance—an articulation of Reid’s deep-seated beliefs about the eternal significance of gender, the body, and marriage. Reid’s swimwear suggests that what is exposed must first be enhanced while the mechanisms of enhancement remain concealed. Taking traditional Mormon views on gender to a conservative extreme, Reid’s regime of feminine bodily discipline ultimately aimed to perfect a woman’s body in order to attract a husband to which she could eternally submit.
Comparison of different biomass methodologies to adjust sales data on veterinary antimicrobials in the USA
Authors: Bulut Ece , Ivanek Renata 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The United States (US) FDA, European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption (ESVAC), Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) and World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) established methodologies that characterize antimicrobial sales for use in food animals by adjusting the sales by animal biomass. Our aim was to review and compare these methodologies on US-specific data.

Methods
Annual antimicrobial sales for cattle, swine, chickens and turkeys in the USA between 2016 and 2018 were adjusted by the FDA, ESVAC, PHAC and OIE methodologies. To better understand the advantages and disadvantages of the four methodologies, their biomass denominators were compared regarding the level of detail accounted for in the estimated US livestock biomass, their ability to observe temporal trends in animal biomass within a country and practicality in biomass estimation for comparing antimicrobial sales across countries.

Results
The four methodologies resulted in substantially different estimates of biomass-adjusted antimicrobial sales for use in US food animals. The 2018 estimates were the highest with the ESVAC methodology (314.7 mg of active antimicrobial ingredient/kg of animal biomass), followed by PHAC (191.5 mg/kg), FDA (127.6 mg/kg) and OIE (111.5 mg/kg). The animal weight parameters used in each methodology had the most impact on the biomass-adjusted sales estimates.

Conclusions
In regard to the estimation of the animal biomass, no methodology was found to be perfect; however, the FDA methodology had the best resolution in characterizing the US livestock biomass while the OIE methodology was best for biomass estimation for global monitoring of antimicrobial sales for use in food animals.