bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The micro-elimination approach - a new way of tackling hepatitis C in paediatric population
Authors: Pluta Magdalena , Pokorska-Śpiewak Maria , Aniszewska Małgorzata , Marczyńska Magdalena 
Published: June 2021

Recent advances in antiviral drug development towards the hepatitis C virus(HCV) have revolutionized the therapy and paved the way towards the elimi­nation of chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Difficulties in achieving time-bound elimination targets of the World Health Organization’s Global Strategy on viral hepatitis might be overcome through a novel micro-elimination approach. A new, emerging strategy focuses elimination efforts on high-risk and ignored populations, and therefore allows for quick, efficient targeting of treatment and prevention services. So far, gaps in antenatal and/or paedia­tric care, and a lack of reimbursement and approval of direct-acting antivirals (DAA) in the paediatric population have been a barrier to accessing treatment, leading to marginalization of children and adolescents. Recently approved DAAs for use in children aged ≥ 3 years seem to be the cornerstone of HCV elimination by reducing the risk of future horizontal and vertical transmission, firstly on a national, and ultimately on a global level.
Intradermal mesotherapy versus intravenous dexketoprofen for the treatment of migraine headache without aura: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Akbas Ilker , Kocak Meryem Betos , Kocak Abdullah Osman , Gur Sultan Tuna Akgol , Dogruyol Sinem , Demir Mehmet , Cakir Zeynep 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND:Migraine is a prevalent disabling primary headache disorder that is classified into two major types: migraine without aura and migraine with aura. New therapeutic methods to reduce migraine headaches in the emergency department (ED) include intradermal mesotherapy.OBJECTIVE:Compare the efficacy of intradermal mesotherapy versus a systemic therapy in pain control in patients with headache related to migraine without aura.DESIGN:Prospective parallel-group randomized controlled trial.SETTING:University hospital in Turkey.PATIENTS AND METHODS:Patients 18 years of age and older who were admitted to the ED over a 15-month period with headache related to migraine without aura were eligible for inclusion if they had a VAS score of 4 or above. Patients were randomly allocated to one session of mesotherapy or intravenous dexketoprofen. Changes in pain intensity were measured by the score on a visual analog scale (VAS) at 30, 60, and 120 minutes and 24 hours after treatment. Efficacy was also assessed by the need for use of an analgesic drug within 24 hours, by readmission with the same complaint to the ED within 72 hours, and by adverse effect rates.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:Pain intensity on the VAS scale.SAMPLE SIZE:148 patients (154 enrolled and treated; 1 patient in the mesotherapy and 5 patients in the systemic therapy group lost to follow up).RESULTS:Pain intensity on the VAS scale decreased from a median score of 8 to 4 in the mesotherapy group and from 8 to 5 in the systemic therapy group. These differences were statistically significant from baseline for all time intervals (P=.001 to 30 minutes,P=.004 to 60 minutes,P=.005 to 120 minutes, andP=.002 to 24 hours). The need to use analgesics and the rate of readmission to the ED were higher in the systemic therapy group (P=.013 andP=.030, respectively). Adverse effect rates were minimal and similar in the study groups during the one-week follow-up period.CONCLUSIONS:Mesotherapy is more efficacious than intravenous dexketoprofen in the management of acute attack of migraine without aura in the ED.LIMITATIONS:Unblinded. Valid for assessing short-term pain relief, but not sufficient to predict long-term efficacy. Not generalizable because single center and small sample size.CONFLICT OF INTEREST:None.REGISTRATION:ClinicalTrials.gov(NCT04519346)
Warm distension fluid reduces pain severity in office hysteroscopy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gulucu Selim , Cakmak Bulent 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND:Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) affects approximately 14% to 25% of women of reproductive age. The most common use of office hysteroscopy is to evaluate pathologies related to AUB and reproductive health, but office hysteroscopy can also be used for the diagnosis and treatment of other intrauterine pathologies.OBJECTIVE:Investigate the effects of the temperature of the distension fluid on pain severity in patients undergoing diagnostic office hysteroscopy due to AUB.DESIGN:Randomized controlled clinical trial.SETTING:Tertiary care center in Turkey.PATIENTS AND METHODS:One hundred perimenopausal patients with AUB were randomly allocated according to the temperature of the distension fluid used in office hysteroscopy (37°C or 25°C). Pain intensity was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS). Six VAS measurements were compared over the course of the hysteroscopy: pre-treatment (VAS-1), at vaginal entry (VAS-2), at the cervical ostium transition (VAS-3), while in the cavity (VAS-4), at the end of the procedure (VAS-5), and 30 minutes after the end of the procedure (VAS-6).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:VASSAMPLE SIZE:Fifty in each group enrolled, one drop out.RESULTS:The VAS-3, VAS-4, and VAS-5 scores were significantly lower for patients in the warm fluid group than in the room temperature group (P<.05), whereas the VAS-1, VAS-2, and VAS-6 scores were similar in both groups.CONCLUSION:The application of warm distension fluid in office hysteroscopy reduces pain severity compared with the application of an unheated fluid.LIMITATIONS:The main limitations of the study were that a subgroup analysis could not be performed due to an insufficient number of cases, and we were unable to evaluate vasovagal symptoms.CONFLICT OF INTEREST:None.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR TINGKAT TINGGI MENURUT TEORI ANDERSON DAN KRATHWOHL
Authors: Syahri Andi Alim , Ahyana Nur 
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi peserta didik berdasarkan teori Anderson dan Krathwohl materi program linear pada level menganalisis, mengevaluasi dan mencipta. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif. Kelas yang dipilih adalah kelas XI MIA 1 semester ganjil yang telah mempelajari materi program linear, kelas tersebut dipilih berdasarkan kelas yang memiliki hasil belajar yang tinggi atau aktif dan berprestasi diantara kelas XI yang lain. Subjek dalam penelitian ini berdasarkan hasil tes yang terdiri dari 2 peserta didik yang memiliki nilai tertinggi. Instumen dalam penelitian ini adalah tes kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi dan wawancara. Adapun teknik pemeriksaan keabsahan data pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan triangulasi sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa subjek dapat memenuhi kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi dilihat dari level menganalisis, dimana subjek dapat membedakan hal-hal yang relevan, dapat mengorganisasikan informasi dan dapat menghubungakan informasi dalam suatu konsep. Pada level mengevaluasi, subjek dapat memeriksa fakta-fakta yang ada dan mengkritisi suatu hal yang kurang tepat dan pada level mencipta, subjek dapat menciptakan dan merancang langkah-langkah pemecahan masalah dan menghasilkan produk baru.
UNDETECTED HEPATITIS-C VIRUS INFECTION IN HAEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS: IMPORTANCE OF PCR HCV RNA AND ELIZA METHOD
Authors: Yasir Hussain  , Anjum Roshina , Nazish Munawar  , Zahra Fatima  , Saba Naz  , Adil Mehmood  
Published: June 2021

Haemodialysis (HD) is one of the most common type of renal replacement therapy (RRT) used for end stage kidney disease (ESKD). Hepatitis-C is the most frequent infection in haemodialysis. Early detection of this viral infection can lead to early treatment, lesser morbidity and mortality. PCR test is being used instead of Elisa in centres where HCV infection is more prevalent as PCR for HCV RNA is considered more reliable than Eliza in haemodialysis patients.
Objective: To assess the accuracy of Eliza and PCR method for the detection of Hepatitis-C viral infection in haemodialysis patients.
Study design: Cross-sectional Study.
Settings: Dialysis centre of DHQ hospital Sheikhupura, Punjab, Pakistan in January 2018.
Materials and Methods: All patients who were on maintenance haemodialysis for more than six months were included in the study. Patients with acute kidney disease and on dialysis less than six months were excluded. All patients were tested by enzymes linked immune-sorbent essay (ELIZA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for HCV status.
Results: Out of 152 haemodialysis patients tested, 94 (61.84%) cases were positive by both ELIZA and PCR methods while 6 (3.94%) cases with negative ELIZA were PCR positive. Number of dialysis, blood transfusions and serology were important risk factors with significant p value. (<0.05)
Conclusion: In centres where Hepatitis-C is more prevalent, PCR for HCV RNA should be preferred over ELIZA method for early detection of HCV viral infection.
Periprosthetic hip infections in a Swedish regional hospital between 2012 and 2018: is there a relationship between &lt;i&gt;Cutibacterium acnes&lt;/i&gt; infections and uncemented prostheses?
Authors: Hedlundh Urban , Zacharatos Michail , Magnusson Jonas , Gottlander Magnus , Karlsson Johanna 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to evaluate patients requiring in-patient care
due to a periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), with respect to bacterial
agents, surgical treatment, antibiotics, and outcome. We retrospectively identified all infected total hip arthroplasties (THAs) in
a Swedish regional hospital during a 7-year period (2012–2018) and reviewed
medical records and microbiological data. A total of 89 infected THAs in 87 patients were identified. Standardized
treatment with debridement with retention of the implant and antibiotics
(DAIR) was initially performed in 53 cases (60 %), one or two stage
revisions in 33 cases (37 %), and an immediate Girdlestone in 3 cases (3 %). Infection eradication was seen in 77 PJIs (87 %) in addition to
six patients (7 %) ending up with a permanent but uninfected Girdlestone.
All six patients with manifest failures were infected with Staphylococcus aureus, two of which
were also polymicrobial. Cutibacterium acnes was found in 18 of 89 patients (16 %) distributed
in 15 uncemented implants but only in 3 hybrids and cemented arthroplasties,
while remaining pathogens were equally distributed in uncemented THAs (n=31) and THAs with at least one cemented component (n=40; p=0.003).
Eradication was achieved in all 18 patients when Cutibacterium acnes was the only culture (n=14) or
clearly dominant among positive cultures (n=4). DAIR was successful in
selected postoperative infections up to 6 months after hip replacement.
Cutibacterium acnes infections in hip arthroplasty may be underdiagnosed. Cemented components
in THAs seem to protect from colonization with Cutibacterium acnes.
PENINGKATAN KESEHATAN LANSIA MELALUI POSYANDU LANSIA DENGAN PENGAKTIFAN KEGIATAN SENAM LANSIA DI DESA PAGERNGUMBUK KECAMATAN WONOAYU KABUPATEN SIDOARJO
Authors: Rufaida Zulfa , Puji Lestari Sri Wardini , Muhith Abdul 
Published: June 2021

The number of elderly people is increasing, therefore the government has formulated various health care policies aimed at improving the health status and quality of life of the elderly to achieve a happy and efficient old age in family and community life according to their existence. The purpose of this community service is to increase knowledge about the Elderly Posyandu and to be active in participating in elderly gymnastics.
The methods used are lectures, discussions, role play and mentoring. The targets are the elderly in Pagerngumbuk Village, Wonoayu District, Sidoarjo Regency, the implementation of activities from April to June 2018. Data analysis uses frequency distribution.
The results obtained, there were 34 participants with the mean pre-test and post-test scores of 87.94. The result is a significant increase in knowledge of 0.000 with a value of t = -16.85, and a 95% CI between -46.81 - -36.72, meaning that the effect is strong because it does not pass 1; giving treatment can increase 3-4x knowledge compared to not given. Meanwhile, for elderly exercise assistance, the number of participants averaged 27 people.
The Posyandu Elderly counseling participants were enthusiastic about the material presented. There is an increase in the knowledge of the elderly about the role of the elderly Posyandu and the importance of elderly exercise. Health workers always provide information about the activities of the Elderly Posyandu to cadres, village officials and the community on an ongoing basis.
Valoración Económica Para La Conservación Del Bosque De La Cuenca De Tecocomulco, Hidalgo
Authors: Ramos-Álvarez María de Jesús , Larqué-Saavedra Bertha Sofía , Hernández-Ortíz Juan , Monroy-Hernández Rubén , Hernández-Álvarez Zenón 
Published: June 2021

En el presente estudio se realizó una valoración económica aplicando el método de valoración contingente para la conservación del bosque de la cuenca Laguna de Tecocomulco. Se eligió como caso de estudio los municipios de Almoloya, Apan y Tepeapulco. Se aplicaron 266 cuestionarios determinado por muestreo simple aleatorio y muestreo proporcional. Los resultados muestran que la DAP promedio fue de $13.33 mensual por persona obtenido mediante el modelo logit binomial, el valor económico para la conservación del bosque se estimó en $539,111.41 mensual. El 65% de los encuestados están dispuestos a pagar para conservar el bosque. El 85% conocen los beneficios que provee el bosque y el 88% están conscientes del deterioro ambiental que existe en la cuenca. Las variables que resultaron estadísticamente significativas con un nivel de confiabilidad del 95%, en la determinación de la DAP son: edad, educación, género y conocimiento sobre los beneficios del bosque.
‘Internationale’ mensenhandel; zoeken naar een balans tussen vrijheids- en beschermingsbeginsel
Authors: Esser Luuk 
Published: June 2021

‘Internationale’ mensenhandel; zoeken naar een balans tussen vrijheids- en beschermingsbeginsel
Article 273f, paragraph 1, subparagraph 3, of the Dutch Penal Code criminalizes, as trafficking in human beings, the act of recruiting, removing or abducting another person with the intention of inducing this person to make himself available, in another country, for the performance of sexual acts with or for a third party for remuneration. This provision, deriving from an international convention established in 1933, has always been a bit of an oddity in the Dutch penal provision on trafficking in human beings since it is not necessary to prove that the prostitute involved was lured or otherwise forced into prostitution and prostitution is legalized in the Netherlands. The Supreme Court of the Netherlands ruled in a landmark case in 2016, that the act criminalized in subparagraph 3 can only be punishable in situations where it can be said that the recruiting, removing or abduction of the prostitute occurred under circumstances that can be qualified as exploitation. This contribution sheds light on the historical backgrounds of this remarkable penal provision, its particularities and the recent case law of the Supreme Court. It demonstrates that the development of this provision and the discussion it sparks, embody the more general quest, in criminal law, to strike a balance between protecting individual liberty on the one side and protecting vulnerable persons on the other.
Histopathologic and Machine Deep Learning Criteria to Predict Lymphoma Transformation in Bone Marrow Biopsies
Authors: Irshaid Lina , Bleiberg Jonathan , Weinberger Ethan , Garritano James , Shallis Rory M. , Patsenker Jonathan , Lindenbaum Ofir , Kluger Yuval , Katz Samuel G. , Xu Mina L. 
Published: June 2021

Context.—
Large cell transformation (LCT) of indolent B-cell lymphomas, such as follicular lymphoma (FL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), signals a worse prognosis, at which point aggressive chemotherapy is initiated. Although LCT is relatively straightforward to diagnose in lymph nodes, a marrow biopsy is often obtained first given its ease of procedure, low cost, and low morbidity. However, consensus criteria for LCT in bone marrow have not been established.

Objective.—
To study the accuracy and reproducibility of a trained convolutional neural network in identifying LCT, in light of promising machine learning tools that may introduce greater objectivity to morphologic analysis.

Design.—
We retrospectively identified patients who had a diagnosis of FL or CLL who had undergone bone marrow biopsy for the clinical question of LCT. We scored morphologic criteria and correlated results with clinical disease progression. In addition, whole slide scans were annotated into patches to train convolutional neural networks to discriminate between small and large tumor cells and to predict the patient's probability of transformation.

Results.—
Using morphologic examination, the proportion of large lymphoma cells (≥10% in FL and ≥30% in CLL), chromatin pattern, distinct nucleoli, and proliferation index were significantly correlated with LCT in FL and CLL. Compared to pathologist-derived estimates, machine-generated quantification demonstrated better reproducibility and stronger correlation with final outcome data.

Conclusions.—
These histologic findings may serve as indications of LCT in bone marrow biopsies. The pathologist—augmented with machine system appeared to be the most predictive, arguing for greater efforts to validate and implement these tools to further enhance physician practice.
Convalescent plasma use in the USA was inversely correlated with COVID-19 mortality
Authors: Casadevall Arturo , Dragotakes Quigly , Johnson Patrick W , Senefeld Jonathon W , Klassen Stephen A , Wright R Scott , Joyner Michael J , Paneth Nigel , Carter Rickey E 
Published: June 2021

Background:The US Food and Drug Administration authorized COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) therapy for hospitalized COVID-19 patients via the Expanded Access Program (EAP) and the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA), leading to use in about 500,000 patients during the first year of the pandemic for the USA.Methods:We tracked the number of CCP units dispensed to hospitals by blood banking organizations and correlated that usage with hospital admission and mortality data.Results:CCP usage per admission peaked in Fall 2020, with more than 40% of inpatients estimated to have received CCP between late September and early November 2020. However, after randomized controlled trials failed to show a reduction in mortality, CCP usage per admission declined steadily to a nadir of less than 10% in March 2021. We found a strong inverse correlation (r = −0.52, p=0.002) between CCP usage per hospital admission and deaths occurring 2 weeks after admission, and this finding was robust to examination of deaths taking place 1, 2, or 3 weeks after admission. Changes in the number of hospital admissions, SARS-CoV-2 variants, and age of patients could not explain these findings. The retreat from CCP usage might have resulted in as many as 29,000 excess deaths from mid-November 2020 to February 2021.Conclusions:A strong inverse correlation between CCP use and mortality per admission in the USA provides population-level evidence consistent with the notion that CCP reduces mortality in COVID-19 and suggests that the recent decline in usage could have resulted in excess deaths.Funding:There was no specific funding for this study. AC was supported in part by RO1 HL059842 and R01 AI1520789; MJJ was supported in part by 5R35HL139854. This project has been funded in whole or in part with Federal funds from the Department of Health and Human Services; Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response; Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority under Contract No. 75A50120C00096.
First record of predation of a hatchling turtle by the Western tiger snake (Notechis scutatus occidentalis).
Authors: Lettoof D. C. , Santoro A , Swinstead C. VL. , Cornelis J. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Snake-Turtle interactions have been rarely documented. We recorded a hatchling Chelodina oblonga within the stomach contents of a Western tiger snake (Notechis scutatus occidentalis). This is the first recorded observation of an interaction between snakes and hatchling freshwater turtles in Western Australia. Field based palpation failed to detect the hatchling, suggesting that without dissection, turtle hatchling predation by snakes more generally could be higher than commonly reported. Snake predation of hatchlings could be placing additional pressure on threatened populations of freshwater turtles in Australia, warranting further investigation.
Comparison of Three Artificial Lift Operations in the Niger Delta
Authors: Ndubuka Chinedu I. , Akpabio Julius U. 
Published: June 2021

More than 70% of oil-producing wells require some form of artificial lift to increase the flow of fluids from subsurface to the surface when a reservoir no longer has sufficient energy to produce at economic rates. This situation has been observed in the Niger Delta oil wells over the past years and has caused the abandonment of reservoirs with a significant volume of hydrocarbon. Data from two oil wells that could not flow naturally to the surface have been obtained from an oil company operating in the Niger Delta. The arm of this study is to optimize the production of two oil wells using an artificial lift system. To increase production and extend the life of these wells, artificial lift projects were considered. This was done with the aid of Integrated Production Modelling (IPM) tool in Petroleum Expert suite. Two wells were simulated using the obtained data, and their production performances were evaluated. The well’s production outputs were optimized using artificial lift systems, that is electric submersible pump (ESP), hydraulic pump (HP), and gas lift (GL). The results obtained showed that the ESP wells have the highest oil production rate compared to GL and HP respectively. An economic analysis was carried out using Net Present Value (NPV), Profitability Index (PI) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). In terms of economic comparison, ESP is the most viable project with the highest NPV, PI and IRR Hence, the ESP technology proved to be the best technology for sustaining a high production rate, increasing revenue and proved to be economically viable in Niger Delta oil fields.