bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slope Analysis for the Prediction of Fluid Responsiveness by a Stepwise PEEP Elevation Recruitment Maneuver in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Authors: VALLIER Sylvain , BOUCHET Jean-Baptiste , DESEBBE Olivier , FRANCOU Camille , RAPHAEL Darren , TARDY Bernard , GERGELE Laurent , MOREL Jérôme 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective:Assessment of fluid responsiveness is problematic in intensive care unit patients. Lung recruitment maneuvers (LRM) can be used as a functional test to predict fluid responsiveness. We propose a new test to predict fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients by analyzing the variations in central venous pressure (CVP) and systemic arterial parameters during a prolonged sigh breath LRM without the use of a cardiac output measuring device. Design:Prospective observational cohort study.Setting:Intensive Care Unit, Saint-Etienne University Central Hospital.Patients:Patients under mechanical ventilation, equipped with invasive arterial blood pressure, CVP, pulse contour analysis (PICCOTM), requiring volume expansion, with no right ventricular dysfunction.Interventions:None.Measurements and Main Results:CVP, systemic arterial parameters and stroke volume (SV) were recorded during prolonged LRM followed by a 500mL fluid expansion to asses fluid responsiveness. 25 patients were screened and 18 patients analyzed. 9 patients were responders to volume expansion and 9 were not. Evaluation of hemodynamic parameters suggested the use of a linear regression model. Slopes for systolic arterial pressure, pulse pressure (PP), CVP and SV were all significantly different between responders and non-responders during the pressure increase phase of LRM (STEP-UP) (p = 0.022, p = 0.014, p= 0.006 and p = 0.038, respectively). PP and CVP slopes during STEP-UP were strongly predictive of fluid responsiveness with an AUC of 0.926 (95% CI, 0.78 to 1.00), sensitivity = 100%, specificity = 89% and an AUC = 0.901 (95% CI, 0.76 to 1.00), sensibility = 78%, specificity = 100%, respectively. Combining sensitivity of PP and specificity of CVP, prediction of fluid responsiveness can be achieved with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity (AUC=0.96; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.00). One patient showed inconclusive values using the grey zone approach (5.5%).Conclusions:In patients under mechanical ventilation with no right heart dysfunction, the association of PP and CVP slope analysis during a prolonged sigh breath LRM seems to offer a very promising method for prediction of fluid responsiveness without the use and associated cost of a cardiac output measurement device.
Isotope Analysis Reveals Differential Impacts of Artificial and Natural Afforestation On Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics in Abandoned Farmland
Authors: Di Dongrui , Huang Guangwei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Backgrounds A multitude of studies have applied different methods to study the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC), but the differential impact of artificial and natural afforestation on SOC dynamic are still poorly understood. Methods and aims We investigated the SOC dynamics following artificial and natural afforestation in Loess Plateau of China, characterizing soil structure and stoichiometry using stable isotope carbon and radiocarbon models. We aim to compare SOC dynamics, clarify SOC source under different afforestation, examine comparability of the study areas and find how soil aggregate size classes control SOC dynamics, finally to evaluate effect of reforestation project.Results The 0-10cm and 10-20 cm SOC stocks were significant higher than other two land-use system. At other depths, there is no significant difference among the three land-use system. Total top soil SOC stocks, C:N and C:P of differently sized soil aggregates significantly increased following afforestation. 13C results and Radiocarbon models indicated that the SOC decomposition rate and new SOC input rate were lower under natural afforestation than artificial afforestation. Conclusions Afforestation can accumulate SOC in top soils mainly resulting from in topsoil changing. SOC resource is mainly from macroaggregate formation provided by fresh plant residues. SOC loss from soil respiration was derived from microaggregates during afforestation. The“space-for-time substitution” method is suitable for comparability of the study areas.
A multicenter study of short-term changes in mental health emergency services use during lockdown in Kitchener-Waterloo, Ontario during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Dainton Christopher , Donato-Woodger Simon , Chu Charlene H. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown measures have led to increasing mental health concerns in the general population. We aimed to assess the short-term impact of the pandemic lockdown on mental health emergency services use in the Kitchener-Waterloo region of Ontario, Canada.
Methods

We conducted an observational study during the 6-month period between March 5 and September 5, 2020 using National Ambulatory Care Reporting System metadata from mental health visits to three regional Emergency Departments (ED); mental health and substance related police calls; and calls to a regional mental health crisis telephone line, comparing volumes during the pandemic lockdown with the same period in 2019. Quasi-Poisson regressions were used to determine significant differences between numbers of each visit or call type during the lockdown period versus the previous year. Significant changes in ED visits, mental health diagnoses, police responses, and calls to the crisis line from March 5 to September 5, 2020 were examined using changepoint analyses.
Results

Involuntary admissions, substance related visits, mood related visits, situational crisis visits, and self-harm related mental health visits to the EDs were significantly reduced during the lockdown period compared to the year before. Psychosis-related and alcohol-related visits were not significantly reduced. Among police calls, suicide attempts were significantly decreased during the period of lockdown, but intoxication, assault, and domestic disputes were not significantly different. Mental health crisis telephone calls were significantly decreased during the lockdown period. There was a significant increase in weekly mental health diagnoses starting in the week of July 12 – July 18. There was a significant increase in crisis calls starting in the week of May 31 – June 6, the same week that many guidelines, such as gathering restrictions, were eased. There was a significant increase in weekly police responses starting in the week of June 14 – June 20.
Conclusions

Contrary to our hypothesis, the decrease in most types of mental health ED visits, mental health and substance-related police calls, and mental health crisis calls largely mirrored the overall decline in emergency services usage during the lockdown period. This finding is unexpected in the context of increased attention to acutely deteriorating mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The “Backward Looking” Effect in the Continuum Model Considering a New Backward Equilibrium Velocity Function.
Authors: Hossain Md Anowar , Jun TANIMOTO 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a new continuum traffic model is developed considering the backward-looking effect through a new positive backward equilibrium speed function. As compared with the conventional full velocity difference model, the backward equilibrium velocity function, which is largely acceptably grounded from mathematical and physical perspectives, plays an important role in significantly enhancing the stability of the traffic flow field. A linear stability condition is derived to demonstrate the flow neutralization capacity of the model, whereas the Korteweg–de Vries–Burgers equation and the attendant analytical solution are deduced using nonlinear analysis to observe the traffic flow behavior near the neutral stability condition. A numerical simulation, used to determine the flow stability enhancement efficiency of the model, is also conducted to verify the theoretical results.
Pediatric Tuina in children with autism spectrum disorder: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Feng Xiang , Yu Jun , Li Wu , Li Tao , Jiang Quanrui , Zhang Yuxing , Wei Wei , Li Jiangshan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by repetitive stereotypical behaviour and communication disorders. Currently, it lacks a specific clinical treatment method. Pediatric Tuina is a recent therapy in traditional Chinese medicine; however, there have been studies on the treatment of children with ASD by Tuina. Nonetheless, it remains uncommon given the lack of large-scale evidence-based medical studies. This study aims to compare the efficacy of Tuina and conventional treatment in children with ASD.
Methods
Eligible children will be randomly divided into the pediatric Tuina plus conventional treatment group or conventional treatment group based on a random table at a ratio of 1:1. Effectiveness will be evaluated using a scale; moreover, the primary outcome will be the Childhood Autism Rating Scale. The secondary outcome will be the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist. All participants will be assessed on the scale by a third party not involved in the study. Baseline values of the participants will be determined at the registration time. Outcomes will be evaluated after the 30th treatment session. The follow-up period will last for 6 post-treatment months.
Discussion
This study will evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Tuina in ASD treatment, which could provide reliable evidence-based findings to improve clinical treatment.
Trial registration:
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (CHICTR), ChiCTR2000040452. Registered on 28 November 2020
Resistance Training Reduces Pain Indices and Improves Quality of Life and Body Strength in Women with Migraine Disorders
Authors: Aslani Payam Sari , Hassanpour Maryam , Razi Omid , Knechtle Beat , Parnow Abdolhossein 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose

The benefits of resistance training (RT) for migraineurs appears to be lacking although beneficial of aerobic training have been shown in previous studies. The aim of current study, therefore, is to investigate the influence of RT on migraine headache indices, upper and lower-body strength, and quality of life (QOL) in women with migraine disorders.
Methods

Twenty female migraine patients who were referred by a neurologist were randomly assigned in two groups including RT group (n = 10) and control (CON) group (n = 10). The RT protocol consisted of 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week, 45–60 min per session. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and pain diary were utilized to measure the subjects' migraine indices including duration, pain severity, and frequency within 48 h pre- and post-training protocol. Patients in Control group (CON) has been refrained from regular exercise during this study. The quality of life (QOL) and muscular strength were measured by the Headache Impact Tests (HIT) and one-repetition maximum (1RM) test, respectively, for 48 h pre- and post-training protocol.
Results

The RT resulted in a significant decrease in the migraine indices (headache intensity, frequency, and duration) (p = 0.02, p = 0.001, p = 0.04, respectivetly). Increased quality of life and chest and leg muscular strength significantly (p = 0.001 for all) were also showed after 8-week RT protocol. However, there was not any significant differences between groups considering, BMI and waist-hip ratio (WHR) after executing RT protocol (p > 0.05).
Conclusion

Based on results of current study that mainly had a positive trend, it could state that RT protocol with special considering for migraine patients is probably an alternative therapy or augmentative complement to established interventions for migraine treatment.
Molecular switches regulating the potency and immune evasiveness of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein
Authors: Wan Yushun , Huang Linfen , Zhang Xiujuan , Shang Jian , Perlman Stanley , Du Lanying , Li Fang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
What enabled SARS-CoV-2, but not other coronaviruses, to cause a global pandemic? Here we investigated key structural determinants of the pandemic. Using SARS-CoV-1 and bat RaTG13-CoV as comparisons, we identified two molecular switches that regulate the conformations of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: (i) a furin motif loop turns SARS-CoV-2 spike from a closed conformation to a mixture of open and closed conformations, and (ii) a K417V mutation turns SARS-CoV-2 spike from mixed conformations to an open conformation. We showed that the open conformation favors viral potency by exposing the RBD for receptor binding and viral entry, while the closed conformation supports viral immune evasion by hiding the RBD from neutralizing antibodies. Hence SARS-CoV-2 spike has evolved to reach a balance between potency and immune evasiveness, which contributes to the pandemic spread of SARS-CoV-2.The dynamics between viral potency and invasiveness is likely to further evolve, providing insights into future evolution of SARS-CoV-2.
A Tool for Early Estimation of Influenza Vaccination Coverage in Spanish General Population and Healthcare Workers in The 2018-19 Season. The Gripómetro
Authors: Díez-Domingo Javier , Marguello Esther Redondo , Leonardo Raúl Ortiz Lejarazu , Miguel Ángel Gil , Ortega José María Guillén , Mora Jesús Rincón , Martinón-Torres Federico 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Electronic vaccine registries are not yet widely established. There is a need to real-time monitor influenza vaccine coverage, which may raise awareness to risk groups and professionals, and eventually allow to adopt tailored measures during the vaccination campaign. To evaluate the utility of the “Gripómetro”, a demographic study designed to monitor national and regional influenza vaccine coverage on a weekly basis in Spain. Methods: Quantitative study based on surveys of the Spanish population between 18-80 years and a sample of primary care doctors and nurses randomly selected. Pre-proportional fixation has been established by Autonomous Communities and age group to guarantee the representativeness of all the autonomies. Results: Interviews were conducted in 3400 households of general population and 807 respondents among health care professionals. We found that the results of influenza vaccination coverage obtained by the Gripómetro for 2018-2019 season were mostly comparable with the official data presented by the Ministry of Health after the end of the vaccination campaign. Conclusions: The Gripómetro is a robust research method that provides real-time data and trends for influenza vaccine coverage along with other useful information related to vaccination such as intention to vaccinate, motivation and barriers to vaccination.
Floating microspheres of Miglitol as gastro retentive drug delivery system: 32 full factorial design and in vitro evaluation
Authors: K Cheran , Bolmal Udaykumar B , Patil Archana S , Kokatanur Umashri A , Masareddy Rajashree S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: The goal of this study was to develop a gastro retentive floating drug delivery system that would improve site specific activity, patient compliance and therapeutic efficacy.Methodology: Floating microspheres of Miglitol were formulated by double emulsion method using ethyl cellulose and eudragit E100 different weight ratio and PVA as an emulsifier. It has been prepared with respect quantity of polymer concentration and stirring speed to evaluate for % buoyancy, drug entrapment efficiency, particle size drug release rate. Result: The percent of buoyancy, drug entrapment efficiency, particle size, and percentage yield were increased with increase the polymer mixture concentration. Among all formulation batches, F6 showed acceptable results drug entrapment efficiency (86.57%) and buoyancy (94.25%). F10 formulation was prepared to check the predicted and actual factors and compared with optimized formulation F6. The drug release was increased as the polymer concentration was decrease. The kinetic model zero order had the highest regression coefficient value, it was described as a sustained release dosage form. According to ICH guideline accelerated stability studies of F6 and F10 formulations were conducted for 90 days. After 90 days buoyancy and in vitro drug release was performed and the results were F6 and F10 buoyancy was found to be 88.21%, 87.22% and in vitro drug release was found to be 62.87%, 63.51%. Conclusion: The present study, showed compatibility of drug with polymers by FTIR in formulation. Floating microsphere of Miglitol was prepared by double emulsion technique. The F6 Miglitol floating microsphere was optimized formulation demonstrated with excellent drug entrapment performance (86.57%), good floating behaviour (94.25%), and the largest particle size (670µm). The present study concludes that floating based gastro retentive delivery system of Miglitol microspheres has a safe and effective drug delivery system with increased therapeutic efficacy and a longer duration of action.
Peritoneal Effluent MicroRNA Profile in Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis
Authors: Wu Kun-Lin , Chou Che-Yi , Li An-Lun , Chen Chien-Lung , Tsai Jen-chieh , Wang I-Kuan , Chen Chiung-Tong , Tseng Chin-Chung , Chen Jin-Bor , Chan Yi-Fan , Chang Hui-Yin , Huang Chiu-Ching , Ma Nianhan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a catastrophic complication of chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD). Late diagnosis is associated with high mortality. With the advancement of new diagnostic technologies, such as microRNA (miRNA), we attempted to develop a noninvasive test to assist in the diagnosis of EPS. The eight-hour PD effluents were collected from 71 non-EPS and 56 EPS patients. The screening set included 28 samples (20 of non-EPS vs. 8 of EPS). After analyzing the ratio values of two miRNA expression levels from the high-throughput real-time PCR-array of 377 miRNAs, eight candidate miRNAs were selected. The prediction model was conducted using 127 samples (71 of non-EPS vs 56 of EPS) to produce an area under the curve (AUC) value of the miRNA classifier. Candidate miRNAs were also verified by single real-time PCR. The ratios of the five miRNAs with the top five ROC values were selected to calculate the combined AUC by multiple logistic regression. The AUC value to detect EPS with the five miRNA ratios was 0.8929 with an accuracy of 78.7%. The accuracy of the EPS diagnosis was further optimized to 94.1% after considering clinical characteristics (AUC value 0.9931). A signature-based model of clinical characteristics and miRNA expression in PD effluents can efficiently assist in the diagnosis of EPS, thus preventing the catastrophic prognosis.
Association of the Pro12Ala, C161-T polymorphisms in the PPARγ2 gene with obesity in Han nationality of Yunnan Plateau in Southwest China
Authors: Zhang Teng , Zhang Nichang , Guo Yandong , Mi Fei , Meng Qiong , Qian Ying , Chen Guo , Yin Jianzhong , Feng Yuemei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

Obesity is considered a major public health problem in the world. At present, the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPS) Pro12Ala and C161-T in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARγ2) gene with obesity is still controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the Pro12Ala and C161-T polymorphisms of PPARγ2 gene and obesity among Han nationality of Yunnan Plateau in Southwest China.
Methods

The genotypes of 284 extremely overweight patients, 475 obese patients and 759 normal controls from Yongsheng County of Yunnan Province (China) were analyzed. The Pro12Ala and C161-T genotypes of PPARγ2 were detected by SNaPshot genotyping assay. The data were analyzed statistically.
Results

The overall prevalence of obesity was 4.99% and the overweight rate was 23.93% among Han nationality in Yongsheng, Yunnan Province. Statistical analysis showed that there were no significant differences in the Pro12Ala genotype, C161-T genotype and the two combined genotypes between the extremely overweight and the control 1, either between the obesity and the control 2 (P > 0.05). Further, the alleles of Pro12Ala and C161-T did not exhibit any signifificant association with extreme overweight or obesity among the complete sample population (P > 0.05). However, conditional logistic regression analysis showed that there was a statistically significant association between the two combined genotype of “CC + TT” and the extreme overweight after adjusting for covariates (Calculated with the combined genotype of “CC + CC ” as the reference category; P = 0.014; OR = 4.04; 95%CI = 1.33–12.33).
Conclusions

Our study indicates that the combined genotypes "CC + TT" of PPARγ2 Pro12Ala and C161-T were associated with an increased risk of extreme overweight, however, Pro12Ala and C161-T polymorphisms may not be the main cause of obesity in Han nationality of the Yunnan Plateau in Southwest China.
The SGLT2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin Attenuates Atherosclerosis Progression By Inducing Autophagy
Authors: Xu Hualin , Fu Jie , Tu Qiang , Shuai Qinyun , Chen Yizhi , Wu Fuyun , Cao Zheng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular disease due to atherosclerosis（AS）is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Sodium-dependent glucose transporters 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i ) , empagliflozin(EMPA), is a new type of hypoglycemic drug .Recent studies have shown that EMPA not only reduces increased glucose, but also has cardiovascular protective effects and that it slows the process of AS.However, the underlying mechanism has yet to be defined.Methods: Male apoE -/- mice were fed a western high-fat diet to establish an AS model. The area and size of atherosclerotic lesions in apoE -/- mice were then assessed by hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining after EMPA treatment. After EMPA treatment of the mouse macrophage (RAW 264.7), human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs),western blotting was applied to measure the levels of autophagy-related proteins and proinflammatory cytokines,GFP-LC3 puncta were detected by confocal microscopy to confirme autophagosome formation. Oil red staining was performed to detect the foaming of macrophages and HASMCs, flow cytometry was used for cell cycle analysis. EdU, CCK-8 and scratch assays were also performed to examine the cell proliferation and migration of HASMCs. Results: EMPA suppressed the progression of atherosclerotic lesions in apoE -/- mice. EMPA also induced autophagy in RAW 246.7 cells, HASMCs and HUVECs, and it significantly increased the expression of Beclin1 and the LC3B-II/I ratio. In addition, EMPA decreased the expression of P62 and downregulated the protein levels of inflammatory cytokines, and it inhibited the foaming of RAW 246.7 cells and HASMCs as well as the expression of inflammatory factors via autophagy induction. Furthermore, the results of flow cytometry, EdU assays, CCK-8 cell viability assays and scratch assays indicated that EMPA blocked HASMC proliferation and migration.Conclusion: EMPA plays an important role in decelerating the progression of AS by inducing autophagy, providing a novel method for anti-AS treatment in the clinic.