bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and efficacy of nusinersen in spinal muscular atrophy: The EMBRACE study
Authors: Acsadi Gyula , Crawford Thomas O. , Müller‐Felber Wolfgang , Shieh Perry B. , Richardson Randal , Natarajan Niranjana , Castro Diana , Ramirez‐Schrempp Daniela , Gambino Giulia , Sun Peng , Farwell Wildon 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe EMBRACE study (Clinical Trials No. NCT02462759) evaluated nusinersen in infants/children with infantile‐ or later‐onset spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) who were ineligible for the ENDEAR and CHERISH studies.MethodsParticipants were randomized to intrathecal nusinersen (12‐mg scaled equivalent dose; n = 14) or sham procedure (n = 7) in part 1 (~14 months) and subsequently received open‐label nusinersen for ~24 months in part 2 of the study.ResultsPart 1 was stopped early after the demonstration of motor function benefit with nusinersen in ENDEAR. There were no nusinersen‐related adverse events (AEs) and no study discontinuations due to nusinersen‐related AEs. The most common AEs included pyrexia, cough, pneumonia, and upper respiratory tract infections. Motor milestone responder rates were higher in those receiving nusinersen at last available assessment (93%) than in those receiving sham procedure in part 1 (29%) or transitioned from sham to nusinersen in part 2 (83%). This functional improvement was observed despite the small sample size and shortened part 1 trial duration that undermined the power of the study to demonstrate such treatment effects at a significant level.DiscussionNusinersen demonstrated a favorable long‐term benefit‐risk profile in this broad population of individuals with infantile‐ or later‐onset SMA.
Peripheral nerve hyperexcitability syndrome: A clinical, electrophysiological, and immunological study
Authors: Wu Yimin , Shi Jiayu , Gao Juhua , Hu Youfang , Ren Haitao , Guan Hongzhi , Li Jing , Huang Yangyu , Cui Liying , Guan Yuzhou 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionPeripheral nerve hyperexcitability syndrome (PNHS) is characterized by muscle fasciculations and spasms. Nerve hyperexcitability and after‐discharges can be observed in electrophysiological studies. Autoimmune mechanisms play a major role in the pathophysiology of primary PNHS.MethodsWe retrospectively conducted a case–control study recruiting patients with clinical and electrophysiological features of PNHS. Control patients were diagnosed with other neuronal or muscular diseases. Contactin‐associated protein2 (CASPR2) and leucine‐rich glioma‐inactivated1 (LGI1) antibodies were examined.ResultsA total of 19 primary PNHS patients and 39 control patients were analyzed. The most common symptoms for the case group were fasciculations (11/19) and muscle spasms (13/19). Case group patients were likely to demonstrate electrodiagnostic findings of nerve hyperexcitability (17/19) and after‐discharges in the tibial nerve (19/19). We found high prevalence of CASPR2 (9/19) and LGI1 (6/19) antibodies in the case group.DiscussionPrimary PNHS patients were likely to show after‐discharges in the tibial nerve. The pathogenesis of PNHS is autoimmune CASPR2 and LGI1 antibodies are possible pathogenic antibodies for primary PNHS.
Factors associated with length of stay and death in tube‐fed patients: A cross‐sectional multicentre study
Authors: Freitas Leticia Alves , Fagundes Alex Luís , do Prado Patrícia Rezende , Pereira Marta Cristiane Alves , de Medeiros Adriane Pinto , de Freitas Ligia Menezes , Teixeira Thalyta Cardoso Alux , Koepp Janine , de Carvalho Rhanna Emanuela Fontenele Lima , Gimenes Fernanda Raphael Escobar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo analyse the factors associated with length of stay (LOS) and death in nasogastric/nasoenteric tube (NG/NET)‐fed patients.DesignA cross‐sectional multicentre study.MethodData collection took place from October 2017–April 2019, and the sample consisted of 365 participants from seven Brazilian hospitals. Demographic, clinical and therapeutic data were collected from the patients’ medical records. Data analysis was performed using bivariate and multivariate tests, considering a significance level of p<.05.ResultsMost patients were male, older adults, with high risk of death and highly dependent on nursing care. The LOS was associated with age, patient care complexity and length of NG/NET use. Death was associated with patient age. In the multivariate analysis, patients highly dependent on nursing care, and intensive and semi‐intensive care had a greater chance of dying when compared with patients receiving minimal care. Screening for factors affecting LOS and death is important to plan effective nursing care.
Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Sleep Hygiene Index
Authors: Prados Germán , Chouchou Florian , Carrión‐Pantoja Sara , Fernández‐Puerta Laura , Pérez‐Mármol José Manuel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI) has shown adequate psychometric properties in samples from several countries but has not been validated in Spanish. The aims of the study were to translate the original (i.e., English) version of the SHI into Spanish and to evaluate the psychometric properties of this instrument (i.e., factor structure, internal consistency reliability, and concurrent, predictive, and discriminant validity) in Spanish adults. The overall sample, comprising 548 university students, was divided into two groups based on their self‐reported insomnia symptoms (Insomnia Severity Index) because sleep hygiene has been shown to be closely related to insomnia. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Stanford Sleepiness Scale were used for testing concurrent validity. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale was used for testing predictive validity. Three items were dropped from the original SHI scale due to their low factor loadings. The principal component analysis revealed a four‐factor solution for the SHI, accounting for 65.58% of the total variance in the overall sample, for 65.34% in the noninsomnia group, and for 63.50% in the insomnia group. Factor 1 comprised items regarding sleep‐disrupting behaviors; Factor 2 comprised items regarding cognitive activation; Factor 3 comprised items about bedroom comfort; and Factor 4 comprised items on sleep/wake time. Omega coefficient indices for the SHI ranged from 0.751 to 0.878 in the overall sample, from 0.734 to 0.822 in the noninsomnia group, and from 0.724 to 0.835 in the insomnia group. The Spanish version of the SHI can be regarded as a reliable tool with adequate concurrent and predictive validity for assessing sleep hygiene in Spanish people with or without insomnia symptoms.
Suboptimal outcome for patients with biliary rhabdomyosarcoma treated on low‐risk clinical trials: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Aye Jamie M. , Xue Wei , Palmer Joshua D. , Walterhouse David O. , Arnold Michael A. , Heaton Todd E. , Venkatramani Rajkumar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundBiliary rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common biliary tumor in children. The biliary tract is classified as a favorable primary site. Therefore, patients with localized biliary RMS were included in two consecutive low‐risk studies, D9602 and ARST0331, by the Children's Oncology Group (COG). The outcome for these patients treated with low‐risk therapy has not been reported.ProcedurePatients with biliary RMS enrolled on COG low‐risk trials D9602 or ARST0331 were analyzed. All patients received systemic chemotherapy and those with Group II (microscopic residual) or Group III (macroscopic residual) disease received 36‐50.4 Gy adjuvant radiotherapy (RT). Delayed primary excision (DPE) was allowed on both studies.ResultsSeventeen patients with biliary RMS were treated on D9602 (n = 7) or ARST0331 (n = 10). Median age was 3.5 years (range 1.7‐10.3). Ten (59%) patients had tumors >5 cm and 14 (82%) had Group III disease. Fifteen (88%) patients received RT. The 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were 70.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 46.9‐94.3%) and 76.5% (95% CI: 54.6‐98.4%), respectively. The majority of patients (80%) who received RT did not have disease recurrence while both patients who did not receive RT had local relapse. Five (36%) of 14 patients with Group III disease underwent DPE; two experienced a local relapse. In the nine patients without DPE, two developed local relapse.ConclusionsPatients with localized biliary RMS treated on low‐risk studies had suboptimal outcomes. These patients may benefit from therapy on intermediate‐risk studies.
Effect of hydration on morphology of thin phosphonate block copolymer electrolyte membranes studied by electron tomography
Authors: Jiang Xi , Sun Jing , Zuckermann Ronald N. , Balsara Nitash P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe morphological changes of phosphonate polypeptoid electrolyte membranes, poly‐N‐(2‐ethyl)hexylglycine‐block‐poly‐N‐phosphonomethylglycine (pNehm‐b‐pNpmn), in hydrated and dry states were characterized by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo‐TEM) and cryogenic electron tomography (cryo‐ET). The analysis of 3D tomograms revealed that the pNeh9‐b‐pNpm9 thin films absorbed a large amount of water, resulting in the formation of membranes that were nearly flat and giant multicompartment vesicles dispersed in the water phase. A simple lamellar phase appeared when the films were dried. In contrast, pNeh18‐b‐pNpm18 thin films absorbed little water and formed small highly curved unilamellar and multilamellar vesicles. Water was located mainly outside the closely‐packed vesicles. When water was removed by drying, the walls of adjacent vesicles collapsed to form honeycomb‐like capsules. The changes in domain size reflected changes in chain conformations. The pNpm9 blocks were saturated by water and fully extended, while pNpm18 blocks were neither saturated by water nor fully extended. In addition, the thicknesses of hydrophobic blocks in the hydrated films of both pNeh9‐b‐pNpm9 and pNeh18‐b‐pNpm18 were smaller than those in the dry films, reflecting an increase of the average distance between the neighboring junctions of polypeptoid molecules.
Transcriptomics‐Based and AOP‐Informed Structure–Activity Relationships to Predict Pulmonary Pathology Induced by Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Jagiello Karolina , Halappanavar Sabina , Rybińska‐Fryca Anna , Willliams Andrew , Vogel Ulla , Puzyn Tomasz 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study presents a novel strategy that employs quantitative structure–activity relationship models for nanomaterials (Nano‐QSAR) for predicting transcriptomic pathway level response using lung tissue inflammation, an essential key event (KEs) in the existing adverse outcome pathway (AOP) for lung fibrosis, as a model response. Transcriptomic profiles of mouse lungs exposed to ten different multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are analyzed using statistical and bioinformatics tools. Three pathways “agranulocyte adhesion and diapedesis,” “granulocyte adhesion and diapedesis,” and “acute phase signaling,” that (1) are commonly perturbed across the MWCNTs panel, (2) show dose response (Benchmark dose, BMDs), and (3) are anchored to the KEs identified in the lung fibrosis AOP, are considered in modelling. The three pathways are associated with tissue inflammation. The results show that the aspect ratio (κ) of MWCNTs is directly correlated with the pathway BMDs. The study establishes a methodology for QSAR construction based on canonical pathways and proposes a MWCNTs grouping strategy based on the κ‐values of the specific pathway associated genes. Finally, the study shows how the AOP framework can help guide QSAR modelling efforts; conversely, the outcome of the QSAR modelling can aid in refining certain aspects of the AOP in question (here, lung fibrosis).
Historie der Ril 805 „Tragsicherheit bestehender Eisenbahnbrücken“
Authors: Steffen Sascha 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIm Eisenbahnnetz der DB Netz AG befinden sich über 25 000 Eisenbahnbrücken, die sich wiederum aus ca. 83 000 Überbauten zusammensetzen. 5,5 % dieser Bauwerke sind nach dem Jahr 2003 gebaut worden. Um ältere Konstruktionen, die tw. bereits über 100 Jahre durch die Eisenbahn genutzt werden, nach heutigen Maßstäben beurteilen zu können, steht mit der Richtlinie 805 „Tragsicherheit bestehender Eisenbahnbrücken“ (Ril 805) ein entsprechendes Hilfsmittel zur Verfügung. Im nachfolgenden Aufsatz wird chronologisch auf die Entwicklung des Eisenbahnnetzes eingegangen. Mit Fokus auf die bestehenden Eisenbahnbrücken aus Stahl wird dargestellt, wie auf die sich ergebenden Änderungen reagiert wurde, die schließlich zur heutigen Ril 805 geführt haben. Abschließend wird noch auf die aktuellen bzw. zukünftigen Aufgaben in diesem Zusammenhang eingegangen.
DNA barcoding of the German green supralittoral zone indicates the distribution and phenotypic plasticity of Blidingia species and reveals Blidingia cornuta sp. nov.
Authors: Steinhagen Sophie , Düsedau Luisa , Weinberger Florian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn temperate and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere, green algae of the genus Blidingia are a substantial and environment‐shaping component of the upper and mid‐supralittoral zones. However, taxonomic knowledge on these important green algae is still sparse. In the present study, the molecular diversity and distribution of Blidingia species in the German State of Schleswig‐Holstein was examined for the first time, including Baltic Sea and Wadden Sea coasts and the off‐shore island of Helgoland (Heligoland). In total, three entities were delimited by DNA barcoding, and their respective distributions were verified (in decreasing order of abundance: Blidingia marginata, Blidingia cornuta sp. nov. and Blidingia minima). Our molecular data revealed strong taxonomic discrepancies with historical species concepts, which were mainly based on morphological and ontogenetic characters. Using a combination of molecular, morphological and ontogenetic approaches, we were able to disentangle previous mis‐identifications of B. minima and demonstrate that the distribution of B. minima is more restricted than expected within the examined area. Blidingia minima, the type of the genus name Blidingia, is epitypified within this study by material collected at the type locality Helgoland. In contrast with B. minima, B. marginata shows a higher phenotypic plasticity and is more widely distributed in the study area than previously assumed. The third entity, Blidingia cornuta sp. nov., is clearly delimited from other described Blidingia species, due to unique characters in its ontogenetic development and morphology as well as by its tufA and rbcL sequences.
Forging C‐SeCF3 Bonds with Trifluoromethyl Tolueneselenosulfonate under Visible‐Light
Authors: Louvel Dan , Ghiazza Clément , Debrauwer Vincent , Khrouz Lhoussain , Monnereau Cyrille , Tlili Anis 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis account highlights some of our recent work on photoinduced trifluoromethylselenolation reactions. This research program relies primarily on the design of a new key shelf‐stable selenating reagent that can be involved in various radical processes In particular, we demonstrated that trifluoromethylselenolation of arenes, alkenes, alkynes as well as aliphatic organic building blocks can be readily achieved under visible‐light irradiation. Mechanistic investigations based on 19F NMR studies, EPR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and luminescence studies allowed us to shed the light on the different proposed mechanisms in the designed methodologies. The applicative potential of these strategies was further demonstrated through the synthesis of bioactive analogue containing SeCF3 motif.
Men, deprivation andCOVID‐19
Authors: Baker Peter 
Published: January 2021

Men living in deprivation are much more likely to die from all causes, and specifically as a result of COVID‐19 infection, than men who are least deprived.Here the author argues that both short‐term and long‐term measures are needed to address this inequality, and that the pandemic has created a real opportunity to ‘build back better’.
Interaction of dendrimers with the immune system: An insight into cancer nanotheranostics
Authors: Gao Yue , Shen Mingwu , Shi Xiangyang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe immune system is a network of defense mechanisms, made up of organs, tissues, and diversified immune cells, with the mission of detecting and attacking invading pathogens. Cancer immunotherapy, which triggers effective anticancer responses via the regulation or alteration of the immune system, has emerged as one novel powerful strategy to fight cancer in contrast to the conventional resorts including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. With the recent rapid development of nanomedicine, more opportunities are afforded to achieve highly efficient cancer immunotherapy. Dendrimers present a category of nano‐sized macromolecules with highly‐branched three‐dimensional structure, favorable biocompatibility, and tunable surface functionality. Various kinds of functionalized dendrimers and dendrimer‐based nanohybrids have been explored in the treatment and diagnosis of cancer, and they have recently been proven to be promising in cancer immunotherapy. Herein we concisely review the interesting immunomodulatory effects of dendrimers, in particular the recent advances in dendrimer‐facilitated cancer immunotherapy and cancer immunity visualization, and clarify the possible future perspectives for the design of dendrimer‐based cancer immunotheranostics.
Evaluation of a small volume oil‐free in vitro production system for bovine embryos
Authors: Blaschka Carina , Diers Sophie , Aravina Mariya , Geisler Swantje , Schuler Gerhard , Tetens Jens 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground:Embryos are usually produced in culture systems with an oil overlay, which conveys protection against the evaporation of water and microbial contamination. The oil can also release toxic substances and absorb essential components, such as hormones, which adversely affect the quality of the oocytes and the development of embryos in vitro.Objective:The aim of this study was to validate an oil‐free bovine in vitro production (IVP) system.Method:Cumulus–oocyte complexes collected from abattoir‐derived ovaries were matured, fertilized and cultured employing a standard system. The quantity of medium in both groups (with and without an oil overlay) and throughout all stages of IVP was maintained at a volume of 100 μl. The oil group was covered with paraffin oil. The maturation stage of oocytes was assessed using fluorescence staining after 24 hr and developmental stages of embryos were evaluated on day 8. The expanded day 8 blastocysts were assessed by live–dead staining.Results:Oocytes matured in the absence of an oil overlay had significantly higher maturation rates when compared against matured oocytes in medium with an oil overlay. Steroid concentration is higher in medium after maturation without oil cover. The developmental rate was significantly higher after culture without oil overlay. The total cell number and the live–dead ratio was not significantly different. The osmolality did not differ between both groups during maturation and slightly decreased during culture without oil.Conclusion:Based on the current study, bovine oil‐free IVP systems can be suggested as an alternative to oil‐covered medium.
Recovery of greywater thermal energy with a wire on a tube heat exchanger attached to a dishwasher
Authors: Selimli Selcuk , Abajja Khaled Mohamed Ashnaaf 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHeat recovery and energy savings from the graywater of household appliances, such as dishwashers and washing machines, can encourage people to avoid the unhealthily long hours of hand dishwashing. In this experimental study, the size of energy saving that could be obtained from a domestic dishwasher with a wire on a tube heat exchanger attached was investigated. The study results validated that heat recovery from graywater is possible and equivalent to annual electricity savings of 53.48 kWh. The efficiency of the dishwasher can be increased to approximately 16% by saving energy, and the economic value of efficiency increase can be $5.88 per year. With all fittings, pipes, and fixing equipment, the heat exchanger cost was also calculated to be $35 per machine, and the payback period is 5.94 years per machine. The payback period can be shortened by achieving lower production costs with mass production. Furthermore, the possible reduction of CO2 emission by saving electrical energy was estimated to be 26.74 kg. In Turkey, nearly 8 million units of dishwashers are in domestic use, the size of the annual energy saving can be 427.84 GWh, and the economic value is $47.04 M. By energy saving, approximately 213.92 kt/year less CO2 released.Practitioner points

Graywater heat recovery with a wire on a tube heat exchanger was studied experimentally.
The energy consumption and processing time of a household dishwasher is shortened by graywater heat recovery.
With the decrease in energy consumption, a reduction was achieved in the CO2 emission released during the energy generation.
Electron‐Deficient Triruthenium Clusters Containing Small Bite‐Angle PNP‐Ligands
Authors: Böttcher Hans‐Christian , Heinemann Jan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe ketyl‐induced reaction of [Ru3(CO)12] with N,N‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)n‐propylamine (dpppra) in THF resulted in the expected metal cluster [Ru3(CO)10(μ‐dpppra)] (2) in high yield. Compound 2 reacted in refluxing heptane with PBut2H affording a new derivative of the rare type of 46‐valence electron clusters [Ru3(μ‐CO)(CO)4(μ‐dpppra)(μ3‐H)(μ‐H)(μ‐PtBu2)2] (3) in good yield. The related cluster [Ru3(μ‐CO)(CO)4(μ‐dppa)(μ3‐H)(μ‐H)(μ‐PtBu2)2] (4) (dppa=bis(diphenylphosphanyl)amine) was obtained in a similar manner in comparable yields. Compounds 2, 3, and 4 were spectroscopically characterized and their molecular structures in the solid were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis.
An evaluation of interactive projections as digital enrichment for orangutans
Authors: Carter Marcus , Sherwen Sally , Webber Sarah 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDigital technologies are increasingly being incorporated into the provision of enrichment for captive primates, ranging from the ad‐hoc use of iPads to specifically designed hardware installed in the design of new exhibits. In this article, we present a digital enrichment system that utilizes a novel approach with interactive projections, installed in the orangutan exhibit at Melbourne Zoo. While previous research into orangutan enrichment has involved reinforcement using food rewards, this study is the first investigation of digital enrichment for orangutans that does not involve food rewards. Rather, the interactive projections were designed to provide intrinsically rewarding environmental enrichment, instead of a cheaper or more variable way of delivering food. Our observations of orangutans' use of the system supports the approach of using interactive projections, finding that it is more responsive than capacitance or resistive based touch‐screen technologies to the variety of ways that orangutans “touch”: with whole hands, feet, faces, and with objects. We also present the results from a preliminary study into the effect of this enrichment into orangutan behavior which found presence or use of the device did not affect time spent engaged in the majority of behaviors of the individuals studied.