bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitudes and opinions towards suicidality in professionals working with oncology patients: results from an online survey
Authors: Senf Bianca , Maiwurm Paula , Fettel Jens 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective
To explore and describe attitudes and opinions towards suicidality in healthcare professionals (HCPs) working with oncological patients.

Methods
A 48-item online questionnaire was developed and distributed to HCPs working with cancer patients. Three hundred fifty-four answered questionnaires were analyzed.

Results
The majority of HCPs reported that they were able to understand why a cancer patient would commit suicide (87.8%) or would seek help from an assisted suicide organization (ASO; 83.9%). The understandable reasons were pain and physical impairments (51.4%), social isolation (19.8%), loss of control and autonomy (18.1%), terminal disease (17.2%), loss of meaning (15.3%), desperation (14.7%), and psychic distress (9.3%). Personal experiences with suicidality lead only 44.8% of HCPs to believe that thereby they would be better able to understand a patients’ wish for suicide. Religion was negatively associated with understanding of suicide and why a cancer patient would seek help from an ASO. Knowledge of suicidality was positively associated with why a cancer patient would seek help from an ASO.

Conclusions
There is still little knowledge in oncology about the relation of HCPs’ attitudes toward suicidality in their patients and how those attitudes influence their behavior, especially care and treatment of patients. More research on this topic is needed. It stands to reason that more education about suicidality in cancer patients seems likely to improve understanding and attitudes and thereby influence care for cancer patients.
Implicit assumptions and interpretation bias in youth with severe, chronic social phobia
Authors: Krömer Lisa , Jarczok Tomasz A. , Althen Heike , Mühlherr Andreas M. , Howland Vanessa , Jungmann Stefanie M. , Freitag Christine M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInterpretation bias and dysfunctional social assumptions are proposed to play a pivotal role in the development and maintenance of social phobia (SP), especially in youth. In this study, we aimed to investigate disorder-specific implicit assumptions of rejection and implicit interpretation bias in youth with severe, chronic SP and healthy controls (CG). Twenty-seven youth with SP in inpatient/day-care treatment (M age = 15.6 years, 74% female) and 24 healthy controls (M age = 15.7 years, 54% female) were included. The Implicit Association Test (IAT) and the Affect Misattribution Procedure (AMP) were completed to assess implicit assumptions and interpretation bias related to the processing of social and affective stimuli. No group differences were observed for the IAT controlling for depressive symptoms in the analyses. However, group differences were found regarding interpretation bias (p = .017, η2p = .137). Correlations between implicit scores and explicit questionnaire results were medium to large in the SP group (r =|.28| to |.54|, pall ≤ .05), but lower in the control group (r =|.04| to |.46|, pall ≤ .05). Our results confirm the finding of an interpretation bias in youth SP, especially regarding the implicit processing of faces, whereas implicit dysfunctional social assumptions of being rejected do not seem to be specific for SP. Future research should investigate the causal relationship of assumptions/interpretation bias and SP.
The role of clay content and mineral surface area for soil organic carbon storage in an arable toposequence
Authors: Schweizer Steffen A. , Mueller Carsten W. , Höschen Carmen , Ivanov Pavel , Kögel-Knabner Ingrid 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCorrelations between organic carbon (OC) and fine mineral particles corroborate the important role of the abundance of soil minerals with reactive surfaces to bind and increase the persistence of organic matter (OM). The storage of OM broadly consists of particulate and mineral-associated forms. Correlative studies on the impact of fine mineral soil particles on OM storage mostly combined data from differing sites potentially confounded by other environmental factors. Here, we analyzed OM storage in a soil clay content gradient of 5–37% with similar farm management and mineral composition. Throughout the clay gradient, soils contained 14 mg OC g−1 on average in the bulk soil without showing any systematic increase. Density fractionation revealed that a greater proportion of OC was stored as occluded particulate OM in the high clay soils (18–37% clay). In low clay soils (5–18% clay), the fine mineral-associated fractions had up to two times higher OC contents than high clay soils. Specific surface area measurements revealed that more mineral-associated OM was related to higher OC loading. This suggests that there is a potentially thicker accrual of more OM at the same mineral surface area within fine fractions of the low clay soils. With increasing clay content, OM storage forms contained more particulate OC and mineral-associated OC with a lower surface loading. This implies that fine mineral-associated OC storage in the studied agricultural soils was driven by thicker accrual of OM and decoupled from clay content limitations.
Locust bean gum adsorption onto softwood kraft pulp fibres: isotherms, kinetics and paper strength
Authors: Chen Jingqian , Beatson Rodger P. , Trajano Heather L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe adsorption of locust bean gum (LBG) onto Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp improved paper tensile and burst strength and lowered refining energy by strengthening inter-fibre bonding. Adsorption kinetics and isotherms were investigated to develop a fundamental understanding of the adsorption mechanism. The adsorption rate followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and the activation energy was 99.34 kJ·mol−1, suggesting chemisorption. The adsorption rate constant increased rapidly with temperature from 25 to 45 °C (k = 1.93 to 24.03 g·mg−1·min−1), but the amount adsorbed at equilibrium decreased (qe = 1.91 to 0.48 mg·g−1 o.d. fibre). LBG adsorption to NBSK at 25 °C was consistent with the Langmuir adsorption model for LBG < 2.1 wt% of o.d. fibre, suggesting reversible, homogenous adsorption to a finite number of sites on the fibre surface. Refining to 3000 rev increased the heterogeneity of the NBSK pulp surface leading to multi-layer Freundlich adsorption with adsorption constant n = 5.00, and the equilibrium constant Kf = 2.57 mg·g−1·(mg·L−1)−1/n at 25 °C. Favorable adsorption conditions for negatively charged LBG were identified: 25 °C for 10 min, low dosage level (< 2 wt%), lightly refined (< 3000 rev) NBSK pulp at low fibre consistency (< 0.5 wt%), high agitation rate (> 150 r.p.m.), acidic or neutral conditions (pH 2–7) without salt addition.
Graphic abstract
Synergistic cytotoxicity of the CDK4 inhibitor Fascaplysin in combination with EGFR inhibitor Afatinib against Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Plangger Adelina , Rath Barbara , Hochmair Maximilian , Funovics Martin , Neumayer Christoph , Zeillinger Robert , Hamilton Gerhard 
Published: October 2021

SummaryIn the absence of suitable molecular markers, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients have to be treated with chemotherapy with poor results at advanced stages. Therefore, the activity of the anticancer marine drug fascaplysin was tested against primary NSCLC cell lines established from pleural effusions. Cytotoxicity of the drug or combinations were determined using MTT assays and changes in intracellular phosphorylation by Western blot arrays. Fascaplysin revealed high cytotoxicity against NSCLC cells and exhibit an activity pattern different of the standard drug cisplatin. Furthermore, fascaplysin synergizes with the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) afatinib to yield a twofold increased antitumor effect. Interaction with the Chk1/2 inhibitor AZD7762 confirm the differential effects of fascplysin and cisplatin. Protein phosphorylation assays showed hypophosphorylation of Akt1/2/3 and ERK1/2 as well as hyperphosphorylation of stress response mediators of H1299 NSCLC cells. In conclusion, fascaplysin shows high cytotoxicity against pleural primary NSCLC lines that could be further boosted when combined with the EGFR TKI afatinib.
The indolent lambdification of Java
Authors: Petrulio Fernando , Sawant Anand Ashok , Bacchelli Alberto 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs Java 8 introduced functional interfaces and lambda expressions to the Java programming language, the JDK API was changed to introduce support for lambda expressions, thus allowing consumers to define lambda functions when using Java’s collections. While the JDK API allows for a functional paradigm, for API consumers to be able to completely embrace Java’s new functional features, third-party APIs must also support lambda expressions. To understand the current state of the Java ecosystem, we investigate (i) the extent to which third-party Java APIs have changed their interfaces, (ii) why or why not they introduce functional interface support and (iii) in the case the API has changed its interface how it does so. We also investigate the consumers’ perspective, particularly their ease in using lambda expressions in Java with APIs. We perform our investigation by manually analyzing the top 50 popular Java APIs, conducting in-person and email interviews with 23 API producers, and surveying 110 developers. We find that only a minority of the top 50 APIs support functional interfaces, the rest does not support them, predominantly in the interest of backward compatibility. Java 7 support is still greatly desirable due to enterprise projects not migrating to newer versions of Java. This suggests that the Java ecosystem is stagnant and that the introduction of new language features will not be enough to save it from the advent of new languages such as Kotlin (JVM based) and Rust (non-JVM based).
Collaborative process design for waste management: co-constructing strategies with stakeholders
Authors: Vasconcelos Lia T. , Silva Flávia Z. , Ferreira Filipa G. , Martinho Graça , Pires Ana , Ferreira José Carlos 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWaste management is currently facing multiple challenges worldwide. The population growth in urban areas and related environmental concerns have increased the need to promote urban sustainability, namely where urban waste is a challenge. Thus, research on efficient waste management to reduce resources overload and to develop more sustainable production and consumption is key. Having this in mind, modern society is now seeking for an active voice and to be part of the decision-making processes that directly affect citizens. Citizens need to play an active role on decision-making to co-construct action guidelines, aiming a higher implementation success for an effective and inclusive management of urban waste. In this sense, UrbanWINS project was developed to promote co-construction and implementation of pilot actions involving citizens. In this paper the authors described the framework developed, and reflect critically on the results achieved.
Sediment underneath charophyte meadows is enriched in viable ephippia and enhances the benthic periphytic biofilm
Authors: Rodrigo María A. , Puche Eric , Segura Matilde , Arnal Adriana , Rojo Carmen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe contribute to the knowledge of charophyte meadows as key components of aquatic systems by analysing how they affect wetland sediments. We performed a factorial-design experiment with limnocorrals (outdoor mesocosms) in a Mediterranean protected wetland with presence or absence of charophytes [Chara vulgaris (CV) and Chara hispida (CH), planted from cultures or recruited in situ from germination of their fructifications]. The first 1 cm-surficial and 2 cm-bottom sediment layers were analysed for cladoceran ephippia, ostracods valves, benthic community of bacteria and periphytic biofilm, and charophyte fructifications. In the surficial sediment, the ephippia density was fourfold higher in the conditions with charophytes than in sites with no-charophytes and higher apparent viability was found. The surficial sediment periphyton biofilm was composed mainly of diatoms, with tenfold higher biomass underneath charophytes, and a much diverse community. The specific microhabitat generated by each charophyte species was reflected in the different abundances and relationships between the analysed components, firstly establishing a divergence with the sediment without meadows and, secondly, a distinction between the meadows of CH and CV that exhibit particular morphology-architecture, might exudate different metabolites and might have different allelopathic capacities over microalgae and microinvertebrates. Thus, the charophyte–sediment tandem is relevant for biodiversity and habitat conservation.
Educational leaders’ problem-solving for educational improvement: Belief validity testing in conversations
Authors: Sinnema Claire , Meyer Frauke , Le Fevre Deidre , Chalmers Hamish , Robinson Viviane 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEducational leaders’ effectiveness in solving problems is vital to school and system-level efforts to address macrosystem problems of educational inequity and social injustice. Leaders’ problem-solving conversation attempts are typically influenced by three types of beliefs—beliefs about the nature of the problem, about what causes it, and about how to solve it. Effective problem solving demands testing the validity of these beliefs—the focus of our investigation. We analyzed 43 conversations between leaders and staff about equity related problems including teaching effectiveness. We first determined the types of beliefs held and the validity testing behaviors employed drawing on fine-grained coding frameworks. The quantification of these allowed us to use cross tabs and chi-square tests of independence to explore the relationship between leaders’ use of validity testing behaviors (those identified as more routine or more robust, and those relating to both advocacy and inquiry) and belief type. Leaders tended to avoid discussion of problem causes, advocate more than inquire, bypass disagreements, and rarely explore logic between solutions and problem causes. There was a significant relationship between belief type and the likelihood that leaders will test the validity of those beliefs—beliefs about problem causes were the least likely to be tested. The patterns found here are likely to impact whether micro and mesosystem problems, and ultimately exo and macrosystem problems, are solved. Capability building in belief validity testing is vital for leadership professional learning to ensure curriculum, social justice and equity policy aspirations are realized in practice.
Enhanced detection of atrial tachyarrhythmias with pacing devices by using more accurate atrial sensing
Authors: Pakarinen Sami , Lehto Mika , Ruiter Jaap , de Voogt Willem G. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Purpose

Cardiac pacing devices can detect and monitor atrial tachyarrhythmias (ATA) which increase the risk of thromboembolic complications. The aim of this study was to compare (1) two different atrial leads and (2) standard and optimized settings to detect ATA and reject far-field R-wave signal (FFRW).

Methods
This was a prospective, randomized multi-center trial comparing St. Jude Medical OptiSense lead (tip-to-ring spacing 1.1 mm) and Tendril lead (tip-to-ring spacing 10.0 mm), having programmed atrial sensitivity at 0.2 mV and post-ventricular atrial blanking at 60 ms. We measured intra-atrial amplitudes of FFRW, intrinsic atrial signals, the amount of FFRW oversensing, and other inappropriate mode switching.

Results
One hundred and ten patients were enrolled. The mean amplitude of sensed and paced FFRW bipolar signal was 0.13 mV vs. 0.21 mV (p < 0.001) and 0.13 mV vs. 0.26 mV (p < 0.001) with OptiSense and Tendril lead, respectively. The mean amplitude of the atrial bipolar signal was 2.84 mV with OptiSense and 3.48 mV with Tendril lead, p = 0.014. With the optimized settings with OptiSense lead, one patient out of 20 (5%) had FFRW oversensing, none had undersensing of ATAs due to 2:1-blanking of atrial depolarizations, and the concordance of the ATAs by Holter and pacemaker memory was high (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient = 0.90). In the Tendril group, 12 out of 25 patients (48%) had oversensing and 4 had atrial undersensing (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
The technique with an atrial lead with short tip-to-ring spacing combined with optimized pacemaker programming resulted in reliable and accurate atrial arrhythmia detection.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT01074749.
Bowel Histology of CVID Patients Reveals Distinct Patterns of Mucosal Inflammation
Authors: van Schewick Cornelia M. , Lowe David M. , Burns Siobhan O. , Workman Sarita , Symes Andrew , Guzman David , Moreira Fernando , Watkins Jennifer , Clark Ian , Grimbacher Bodo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDiarrhea is the commonest gastrointestinal symptom in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). Different pathologies in patients’ bowel biopsies have been described and links with infections have been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to analyze the bowel histology of CVID patients in the Royal-Free-Hospital (RFH) London CVID cohort. Ninety-five bowel histology samples from 44 adult CVID patients were reviewed and grouped by histological patterns. Reasons for endoscopy and possible causative infections were recorded. Lymphocyte phenotyping results were compared between patients with different histological features. There was no distinctive feature that occurred in most diarrhea patients. Out of 44 patients (95 biopsies), 38 lacked plasma cells. In 14 of 21 patients with nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (NLH), this was the only visible pathology. In two patients, an infection with Giardia lamblia was associated with NLH. An IBD-like picture was seen in two patients. A coeliac-like picture was found in six patients, four of these had norovirus. NLH as well as inflammation often occurred as single features. There was no difference in blood lymphocyte phenotyping results comparing groups of histological features. We suggest that bowel histology in CVID patients with abdominal symptoms falls into three major histological patterns: (i) a coeliac-like histology, (ii) IBD-like changes, and (iii) NLH. Most patients, but remarkably not all, lacked plasma cells. CVID patients with diarrhea may have an altered bowel histology due to poorly understood and likely diverse immune-mediated mechanisms, occasionally driven by infections.
Column generation for minimizing total completion time in a parallel-batching environment
Authors: Alfieri A. , Druetto A. , Grosso A. , Salassa F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper deals with the $$1|{p-\text {batch}, s_j\le b}|\sum C_j$$

1
|

p
-
batch
,

s
j

≤
b

|
∑

C
j

scheduling problem, where jobs are scheduled in batches on a single machine in order to minimize the total completion time. A size is given for each job, such that the total size of each batch cannot exceed a fixed capacity b. A graph-based model is proposed for computing a very effective lower bound based on linear programming; the model, with an exponential number of variables, is solved by column generation and embedded into both a heuristic price and branch algorithm and an exact branch and price algorithm. The same model is able to handle parallel-machine problems like $$Pm|{p-\text {batch}, s_j\le b}|\sum C_j$$

P
m
|

p
-
batch
,

s
j

≤
b

|
∑

C
j

very efficiently. Computational results show that the new lower bound strongly dominates the bounds currently available in the literature, and the proposed heuristic algorithm is able to achieve high-quality solutions on large problems in a reasonable computation time. For the single-machine case, the exact branch and price algorithm is able to solve all the tested instances with 30 jobs and a good amount of 40-job examples.
Dimensions of Fractional Brownian Images
Authors: Burrell Stuart A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper concerns the intermediate dimensions, a spectrum of dimensions that interpolate between the Hausdorff and box dimensions. Potential-theoretic methods are used to produce dimension bounds for images of sets under Hölder maps and certain stochastic processes. We apply this to compute the almost-sure value of the dimension of Borel sets under index-$$\alpha $$
α
fractional Brownian motion in terms of dimension profiles defined using capacities. As a corollary, this establishes continuity of the profiles for Borel sets and allows us to obtain an explicit condition showing how the Hausdorff dimension of a set may influence the typical box dimension of Hölder images such as projections. The methods used propose a general strategy for related problems; dimensional information about a set may be learned from analysing particular fractional Brownian images of that set. To conclude, we obtain bounds on the Hausdorff dimension of exceptional sets, with respect to intermediate dimensions, in the setting of projections.
Treatment trials in Niemann-Pick type C disease
Authors: Sitarska Dominika , Tylki-Szymańska Anna , Ługowska Agnieszka 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNiemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease is a genetically determined neurodegenerative metabolic disease. It belongs to the lysosomal storage diseases and its main cause is impaired cholesterol transport in late endosomes or lysosomes. It is an autosomal recessive inherited disease that results from mutations in the NPC1 or NPC2 genes. The treatment efforts are focused on the slowing its progression. The only registered drug, devoted for NPC patients is Miglustat. Effective treatment is still under development. NPC disease mainly affects the nervous system, and the crossing of the blood–brain barrier by medicines is still a challenge, therefore the combination therapies of several compounds are increasingly being worked on. The aim of this paper is to present the possibilities in treatment of Niemann-Pick type C disease. The discussed research results relate to animal studies.
Transient gas pipeline flow: analytical examples, numerical simulation and a comparison to the quasi-static approach
Authors: Gugat Martin , Krug Richard , Martin Alexander 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe operation of gas pipeline flow with high pressure and small Mach numbers allows to model the flow by a semilinear hyperbolic system of partial differential equations. In this paper we present a number of transient and stationary analytical solutions of this model. They are used to discuss and clarify why a PDE model is necessary to handle certain dynamic situations in the operation of gas transportation networks. We show that adequate numerical discretizations can capture the dynamical behavior sufficiently accurate. We also present examples that show that in certain cases an optimization approach that is based on multi-period optimization of steady states does not lead to approximations that converge to the optimal state.