bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recycling of municipal solid waste using solar energy
Authors: Toshmamatov Bobir , Davlonov Khayrullo , Rakhmatov Obid , Toshboev Abdumalik 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The article proposes a solar installation for thermal processing of municipal solid waste and presents a method of technical and economic analysis of systems for processing municipal solid waste based on solar energy. The object of the research is a solar installation for thermal processing of municipal solid waste. The analysis of the heat balance of the developed solar installation was compiled and carried out, and the energy requirement for thermal processing of municipal solid waste was determined. The work uses the methods of the theory of heat and mass transfer and body balances of heat power and solar installations. The created solar installation for anaerobic fermentation of solid waste to obtain landfill gas and bio fertilizers has been investigated. Balance methods of numerical and experimental studies of anaerobic fermentation of solid waste were used to analyze the results. A calculation has been made showing the energy efficiency of a solar installation for the processing of municipal solid waste using solar energy. Based on the research carried out, it was found that at an average heating temperature of 50-55 °C, 200-250 m3 of landfill gas was obtained from one ton of household waste.
Maintainability of a self-pressurized closed irrigation network
Authors: Rahmatov Mahmud , Matyakubov Bakhtiyar , Berdiev Mustafo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article presents the issues of maintainability of a self-pressurized closed irrigation network, which is one of the main most important characteristics of their reliability. The indicators of maintainability have been determined, the patterns of distribution of the time to restore the network operability have been established, bottlenecks have been identified during repair and restoration work. The obtained data is recommended for use in predicting the operability and developing regulatory requirements for network reliability.
Prospects for the development of Central Asia energy-deficient regions applying renewable energy and digital technology
Authors: Elistratov Viktor , Bogun Inna , Kasina Valeriia 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The object of research in the article is the methodology for digital design of renewable energy facilities of Central Asia energy-deficient regions. This methodology is based on the creation of multi-layer geo-information space. Each layer of this space is an information map, containing necessary data for the design and implementation of renewable energy facilities for the development of energy-deficient regions. Designing map layers takes different approaches, depending on the type of information needed. In Central Asia as well as in the global energy industry is undergoing an energy transition and a regulatory policy for renewable energy in the electricity sector is being implemented, but introduced renewable capacities are connected to centralized power supply and do not currently contribute to the development of remote areas. Taking into account the availability of sufficient renewable energy resources technical capacity, a reasonable solution is the introduction of renewables generating facilities. This allows improving energy efficiency by reducing losses during transmission and distribution of electricity due to proximity to the consumers and improving the environmental situation in energy-deficient settlements by decreasing harmful emissions. Potential analysis confirms the possibility of implementing an energy strategy with the prospect of developing renewable energy projects in Central Asian countries.
Simulation of criteria for selection of remote protection settings with remote starting in lines with distributed sources
Authors: Voloshyn Semen , Omelchuk Anatolii , Tarasiuk Oleh , Titova Liudmyla , Gumenyuk Yuriy 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The article presents the conditions of coordination of adjacent remote protections with remote start-up, considering the peculiarities of parameters, operating modes and operating conditions of partitioned branched distribution lines. The influence of parameters and modes of operation of such lines on the technical characteristics of these protections, in particular, on the range of control settings for resistance and operating time at the end of the range and the requirements for the linearity of time characteristics. It is recommended to use the results of the conducted research for adjustment of remote protections of partitioned lines with sources of distributed generation. In order to ensure the selective action of protection in different modes of operation of the lines and the convenience of choosing the settings of operation, the time characteristic of the protection must be linear. In addition, the linearity of the protection time characteristic allows the operation time value to be used to determine the distance to the short circuit location. Due to the need to debug the protection by the time of operation from the operation of the arresters and from burnout of the fusible insert fuses soldering in the event of a short circuit directly behind the fuse, the initial duration of protection should be 0.25…0.40 s.
Preparation of N, N-dialkyl quaternary ammonium chitosan and its long-lasting antibacterial finishing process for rabbit fur fabric
Authors: Jiang Yingxue , Zhang Yi , Zhang Hao 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
N,N-dialkylchitosan (N,N-CTS) was modified by n-butyraldehyde using Schiff base method, it is then synthesized with N,N-CTS by etherification with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltriethylammonium chloride (CHPTAC-ethyl). FTIR and spectrophotometry were used to characterize their chemical structure and physical and chemical properties. The minimum antibacterial activity of the modified chitosan was determined by the minimum bacteriostatic method, and the minimum effective bacteriostatic concentration (MIC) of Escherichia coli was 0.2 g/L, which was better than that of natural chitosan. The antibacterial effect and washing resistance of rabbit wool fabric were investigated by using modified chitosan. After washing for 10 times, the results showed that the inhibition rate of N,N-CCTS on escherichia coli was still more than 99.9%.
Marine based biomaterial-fish collagen enhances the polarization of human macrophage
Authors: Liu Chao , Sun Jiao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFish collagen have the potential to be used in biomedical fields due to the biocompatible and biodegradable features. However, how hydrolyzed fish collagen regulate human macrophage has not been clearly unraveled. The aim of the current study is to investigate the effects of hydrolyzed fish collagen on the polarization state of human macrophages. The cell viability of human macrophages treated by hydrolyzed fish collagen were determined using CCK-8 assay. The polarization of human macrophages treated by hydrolyzed fish collagen were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). it was found that 0.25,0.5 and 1mg/ml hydrolyzed fish collagen did not alter the cell viability of human macrophages. Further, the data showed that hydrolyzed fish collagen inhibited the expression of M1 macrophage marker IL-ip and TNF-a while enhanced the expression of M2 macrophage marker arginase 1(Arg1) and IL-10. Taken together, the results indicated that treatment with hydrolyzed fish collagen result in a significant shift towards an M2 phenotype for human macrophages.
Corrosion behavior of C-22, Ti-0.2Pd and Ti-32Mo alloys in the aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid and sodium chlorate
Authors: Zhang Mingyue , Ma Bingqing , Xu Jian , Zhou Huangwei , Liu Yi , Chen Zhibing , Xu Ziwei , Chen Jia , Ye Jiafan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Corrosion behavior of Hastelloy C-22, Ti-0.2Pd and Ti-32Mo alloys in the aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid and sodium chlorate was investigated. The C-22 alloy was pitted because the intergranular carbides rich in Cr and Mo would lead to the lack of corrosion-resistant elements in the adjacent area. The Ti-0.2Pd alloy was pitted because the passivation trend decreased in reducing solution and Cl− broke through the passivation film. The weigh loss rate and corrosion depth of Ti-0.2Pd alloy increased sharply after pitting corrosion, which was due to the rapid corrosion of the materials exposed inside by the corrosion medium. The Ti-32Mo alloy was pitted due to the transpassivation of Mo caused by NaClO3. In the process of corrosion, the products of reaction between Mo and Cl− formed an insoluble and dense protective film, which slowed down the corrosion rate of Ti-32Mo, that is why the weigh loss rate and corrosion depth increased slowly even if pitting corrosion happened.
Thermal deformation behavior of Stellite 6B alloy
Authors: Yawei Zhang , Shixiao Zhang , Xudong Lu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Stellite 6B is carbide-hardened Co-based superalloy. It finds extensive application in the harsh industrial environment, because of excellent wear characteristics, high hardness, good corrosion resistance, and superior mechanical properties. Hot compression tests were performed on Stellite 6B alloy to study high temperature dynamic recrystallization and microstructure evolution during thermal deformation. The tests were performed in the temperature 1000 °C, 1050 °C, 1100 °C, 1150 °C and 1200 °C and at the strain rates of 0.01 s−1, 0.1 s−1, 1 s −1 and 10 s−1. Stress-strain curves, and the microstructural evolution of the Stellite 6B alloy were investigated. The results showed that the recrystallization was nucleated at the carbides, original grain boundaries and twin grain boundaries, the dynamic recovery process is inhibited, and the softening effect by dynamic recrystallization is more significant.
Potential of limestone powder to improve the stabilization of sulfate-contained saline soil
Authors: Bazarbekova Ayazhan , Shon Chang-Seon , Kissambinova Aizhan , Ryeol Kim Jong , Zhang Dichuan , Moon Sung-Woo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The geotechnical properties of soils differ from area to area, depending on the origin of soil, environmental conditions of a region, and soil treatment processes. As a subgrade material in pavement construction, however, the soil is required to meet specific standards for its engineering properties, such as plasticity, deformability, strength, and durability parameters. For this purpose, soil undergoes a stabilization process, in which it is treated with chemical additives. This paper studies the potential of limestone powder as a stabilizer in combination with cement in the stabilization of sulfate-contained saline soil. For this purpose, silty sand (A-2-4(0) according to AASHTO soil classification system) containing high sulfate and sodium contents was stabilized with 6% and 8% cement by dry weight, 2% and 4% limestone powder at fixed 4% cement content, and 2% limestone powder by dry weight at 6% cement content. Series of tests were performed to determine the improvement of geotechnical properties of these mixtures, such as unconfined compressive strength, Atterberg limits, three-dimensional (3-D) swelling, and dielectric constant. Experimental results show that the addition of limestone powder to the cement-treated saline soil decreases soil plasticity, increases maximum dry density, improves strength parameter, reduces volumetric swelling and moisture susceptibily of soil.
Beyond Standardization: Improving External Validity and Reproducibility in Experimental Evolution
Authors: Desjardins Eric , Kurtz Joachim , Kranke Nina , Lindeza Ana , Richter S Helene 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDiscussions of reproducibility are casting doubts on the credibility of experimental outcomes in the life sciences. Although experimental evolution is not typically included in these discussions, this field is also subject to low reproducibility, partly because of the inherent contingencies affecting the evolutionary process. A received view in experimental studies more generally is that standardization (i.e., rigorous homogenization of experimental conditions) is a solution to some issues of significance and internal validity. However, this solution hides several difficulties, including a reduction of external validity and reproducibility. After explaining the meaning of these two notions in the context of experimental evolution, we import from the fields of animal research and ecology and suggests that systematic heterogenization of experimental factors could prove a promising alternative. We also incorporate into our analysis some philosophical reflections on the nature and diversity of research objectives in experimental evolution.
Phylogenetic analysis of Microlicieae (Melastomataceae), with emphasis on the re-circumscription of the large genusMicrolicia
Authors: Versiane Ana Flávia Alves , Romero Rosana , Reginato Marcelo , Welker Cassiano A Dorneles , Michelangeli Fabián A , Goldenberg Renato 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMicrolicieae are a monophyletic tribe comprising seven genera: Chaetostoma, Lavoisiera, Microlicia s.s., Poteranthera, Rhynchanthera, Stenodon and Trembleya. Microlicia s.s. includes 172 species predominantly distributed in the campo rupestre of Brazil. Its delimitation is complex because the generic boundaries, mostly with Lavoisiera and Trembleya, are unclear. Here we present a phylogenetic analysis for Microlicieae focusing on Microlicia s.s., with the specific goals: (1) to test the monophyly of Microlicia s.s.; (2) to investigate morphological characters that could help in circumscribing clades and/or genera in the tribe and (3) to provide an appropriate classification for Microlicia s.s. and related genera. This study was based on plastid (atpF-atpH, trnS-trnG), nuclear ribosomal (nrITS, nrETS) and nuclear low-copy (waxy) DNA sequences, through maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses. The history of 12 morphological characters was estimated based on ancestral state reconstruction analyses. Our analysis shows Microlicia s.s. to be paraphyletic with Chaetostoma, Lavoisiera, Stenodon and Trembleya nested in it. Most characters traditionally used to diagnose these genera are homoplastic. We propose the inclusion of these four genera in a broadly circumscribed Microlicia s.l., and provide new combinations and names for their species. As here defined, Microlicieae has three genera, Rhynchanthera, Poteranthera and Microlicia s.l., Microlicia s.l. being the fourth richest genus in Melastomataceae with c. 245 species.
Divergent Whole Brain Projections from the Ventral Midbrain in Macaques
Authors: Zubair Muhammad , Murris Sjoerd R , Isa Kaoru , Onoe Hirotaka , Koshimizu Yoshinori , Kobayashi Kenta , Vanduffel Wim , Isa Tadashi 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTTo understand the connectome of the axonal arborizations of dopaminergic midbrain neurons, we investigated the anterograde spread of highly sensitive viral tracers injected into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and adjacent areas in 3 macaques. In 2 monkeys, injections were centered on the lateral VTA with some spread into the substantia nigra, while in one animal the injection targeted the medial VTA with partial spread into the ventro-medial thalamus. Double-labeling with antibodies against transduced fluorescent proteins (FPs) and tyrosine hydroxylase indicated that substantial portions of transduced midbrain neurons were dopaminergic. Interestingly, cortical terminals were found either homogeneously in molecular layer I, or more heterogeneously, sometimes forming patches, in the deeper laminae II–VI. In the animals with injections in lateral VTA, terminals were most dense in somatomotor cortex and the striatum. In contrast, when the medial VTA was transduced, dense terminals were found in dorsal prefrontal and temporal cortices, while projections to striatum were sparse. In all monkeys, orbitofrontal and occipito-parietal cortex received strong and weak innervation, respectively. Thus, the dopaminergic ventral midbrain sends heterogeneous projections throughout the brain. Furthermore, our results suggest the existence of subgroups in meso-dopaminergic neurons depending on their location in the primate ventral midbrain.
Limited Evidence for Sensory Prediction Error Responses in Visual Cortex of Macaques and Humans
Authors: Solomon Selina S , Tang Huizhen , Sussman Elyse , Kohn Adam 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A recent formulation of predictive coding theory proposes that a subset of neurons in each cortical area encodes sensory prediction errors, the difference between predictions relayed from higher cortex and the sensory input. Here, we test for evidence of prediction error responses in spiking responses and local field potentials (LFP) recorded in primary visual cortex and area V4 of macaque monkeys, and in complementary electroencephalographic (EEG) scalp recordings in human participants. We presented a fixed sequence of visual stimuli on most trials, and violated the expected ordering on a small subset of trials. Under predictive coding theory, pattern-violating stimuli should trigger robust prediction errors, but we found that spiking, LFP and EEG responses to expected and pattern-violating stimuli were nearly identical. Our results challenge the assertion that a fundamental computational motif in sensory cortex is to signal prediction errors, at least those based on predictions derived from temporal patterns of visual stimulation.
A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analyses to Assess the Effectiveness of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Self-testing Distribution Strategies
Authors: Eshun-Wilson Ingrid , Jamil Muhammad S , Witzel T Charles , Glidded David V , Johnson Cheryl , Le Trouneau Noelle , Ford Nathan , McGee Kathleen , Kemp Chris , Baral Stefan , Schwartz Sheree , Geng Elvin H 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis to identify which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) self-testing (HIVST) distribution strategies are most effective.

Methods
We abstracted data from randomized controlled trials and observational studies published between 4 June 2006 and 4 June 2019.

Results
We included 33 studies, yielding 6 HIVST distribution strategies. All distribution strategies increased testing uptake compared to standard testing: in sub-Saharan Africa, partner HIVST distribution ranked highest (78% probability); in North America, Asia, and the Pacific regions, web-based distribution ranked highest (93% probability), and facility based distribution ranked second in all settings. Across HIVST distribution strategies HIV positivity and linkage was similar to standard testing.

Conclusions
A range of HIVST distribution strategies are effective in increasing HIV testing. HIVST distribution by sexual partners, web-based distribution, as well as health facility distribution strategies should be considered for implementation to expand the reach of HIV testing services.
Simultaneous detection of Streptococcus
pneumoniae and prevention of carryover contamination using multiple cross displacement amplification with Antarctic thermal sensitive uracil-DNA-glycosylase and a lateral flow biosensor
Authors: Yan Linlin , Zhao Fan , Niu Lina , Cai Yu , Wu Lei , Zhu Xiaoxue , Nong Jinqing , Hu Shoukui 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important clinical pathogenic bacterium that is the primary cause of meningitis, septicemia and community-acquired pneumonia. The mortality rate of pneumococcal disease is high, especially in children younger than 5-years-old. Rapid and accurate detection of S.pneumoniae is critical for clinical diagnosis. A ply gene-based multiple cross displacement amplification (MCDA) assay, amplifying DNA under 65°C for 40 min, was established to detect S.pneumoniae. Antarctic thermal sensitive uracil-DNA-glycosylase (AUDG) was applied to prevent carryover contamination. A lateral flow biosensor (LFB) was used to indicate the MCDA results. The ply-MCDA assay could detect as low as 10 fg of S. pneumoniae DNA and 447 colony forming units (CFU)/mL of spiked sputum samples. The analytical sensitivity of the ply-MCDA assay to detect clinical specimens was 100 times higher than that of PCR. The specificity of the ply-MCDA assay was evaluated using 15 S.pneumoniae strains and 25 non-S. pneumoniae strains, which confirmed the high selectivity of the ply-MCDA assay for S.pneumoniae. The AUDG enzyme could effectively eliminate carryover contamination and thus prevented false-positive results. In conclusion, ply-AUDG-MCDA-LFB is a simple, rapid and accurate method to detect S.pneumoniae.
SARS-CoV-2/human interactome reveals ACE2 locus crosstalk with the immune regulatory network in the host
Authors: Lite Christy , Ahmed Shiek S S J , Juliet Melita , Freddy A J 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Severe acute respiratory syndrome, coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), remains to be a threat across the globe. SARS-CoV-2 entry into the host is mediated by binding of viral spike protein to the Human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. ACE2 is an essential member of the Renin–Angiotensin system (RAS) involved in maintaining the blood pressure and vascular remodelling. Although ACE2 receptor is the entry point to the host, recent studies show activation of ACE2 to modulate the host to develop a suitable environment for its replication. However, the ACE2 activating the immune signals on SARS-CoV-2 attachment is still under investigation. We have used systems biological approach to construct the host regulatory network upon SARS-CoV-2 attachment to the ACE2 receptor. Since lungs are the primary infection site, we integrate human lung gene expression profile along with the host regulatory network to demonstrate the altered host signalling mechanism in viral infection. Further, the network was functionally enriched to determine immune modulation in the network. We also used the proteomic database to assess the occurrence of similar signalling events in other human tissues that exhibit lineage of infection across different organs. The constructed network contains 133 host proteins with 298 interactions that directly or indirectly connect to the ACE2 receptor. Among 133 proteins, 29 were found to be differentially regulated in the host lungs on SARS-CoV-2 infection. Altered proteins connect multiple proteins in a network that modulates kinase, carboxypeptidase and cytokine activity, leading to changes in the host immune system, cell cycle and signal transduction mechanisms. Further investigation showed the presence of similar signalling events in the kidneys, placenta, pancreas, testis, small intestine and adrenal gland as well. Overall, our results will help in understanding the immune molecular regulatory networks influenced by the ACE2 mediated interaction in other body tissues, which may aid in identifying the secondary health complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.