bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined laser-based X-ray fluorescence and particle-induced X-ray emission for versatile multi-element analysis
Authors: Puyuelo-Valdes Pilar , Vallières Simon , Salvadori Martina , Fourmaux Sylvain , Payeur Stephane , Kieffer Jean-Claude , Hannachi Fazia , Antici Patrizio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractParticle and radiation sources are widely employed in manifold applications. In the last decades, the upcoming of versatile, energetic, high-brilliance laser-based sources, as produced by intense laser–matter interactions, has introduced utilization of these sources in diverse areas, given their potential to complement or even outperform existing techniques. In this paper, we show that the interaction of an intense laser with a solid target produces a versatile, non-destructive, fast analysis technique that allows to switch from laser-driven PIXE (Particle-Induced X-ray Emission) to laser-driven XRF (X-ray Fluorescence) within single laser shots, by simply changing the atomic number of the interaction target. The combination of both processes improves the retrieval of constituents in materials and allows for volumetric analysis up to tens of microns and on cm2 large areas up to a detection threshold of ppms. This opens the route for a versatile, non-destructive, and fast combined analysis technique.
Relationship between markers of inflammation and hemodynamic stress and death in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Zelniker Thomas A. , Kaya Ziya , Gamerdinger Eva , Spaich Sebastian , Stiepak Jan , Giannitsis Evangelos , Katus Hugo A. , Preusch Michael R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBiomarkers that reflect hemodynamic stress, inflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, and endothelial dysfunction may improve risk stratification and add valuable pathobiological insight in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). In total, 120 patients with OHCA who survived at least 48 h after return of spontaneous circulation were consecutively included in the present analysis. Concentrations of 30 biomarkers were measured simultaneously using a multi-panel biomarker assay. Cox regression models were adjusted for age, sex, estimated glomerular filtration rate, lactate concentration, bystander resuscitation, initial cardiac rhythm, and type of targeted temperature management. Overall, 57 patients (47.5%) had a favorable neurological outcome (Cerebral Performance Category ≤ 2) at 30 days, while palliative care was initiated in 49 patients (40.8%), and 52 patients (43.3%) died. After correction for multiple testing with Bonferroni-Holm, 8 biomarkers (including Angiopoietin-2, Procalcitonin, Resistin, IL-4Rα, MMP-8, TNFα, Renin, and IL-1α) were significantly associated with all-cause death. After multivariable adjustment, only angiopoietin-2 (Adjusted (Adj) hazard ratio (HR) per 1-unit increase in standardized biomarker concentrations 1.52 (95% CI 1.16–1.99)) and renin (Adj HR 1.32 (95% CI 1.06–1.65) remained independently associated with an increased risk of death. The discriminatory performance indicated good performance for angiopoietin-2 (area under the curve (AUC): 0.75 (95% CI 0.66–0.75) and was significantly higher (P = 0.011) as compared with renin (AUC: 0.60, 95% CI 0.50–0.60). In conclusion, angiopoietin-2 was significantly associated with all-cause mortality in patients with OHCA who survived the first 48 h and may prove to be useful for risk stratification of these patients.
Effect of pore diameter on the elution behavior of analytes from thermoresponsive polymer grafted beads packed columns
Authors: Nagase Kenichi , Umemoto Yuta , Kanazawa Hideko 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTemperature-responsive chromatography using thermoresponsive polymers is innovative and can control analyte retention via column temperature. Analyte elution behavior in this type of chromatography depends on the modified thermoresponsive polymer and the structure of the base materials. In the present study, we examine the effect of the pore diameter of silica beads on analyte elution behavior in temperature-responsive chromatography. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-n-butyl methacrylate) hydrogel was applied to beads of various pore sizes: 7, 12, and 30 nm. Almost the same amount of copolymer hydrogel was applied to all beads, indicating that the efficiency of copolymer modification was independent of pore size. Analyte retention on prepared beads in a packed column was observed using steroids, benzodiazepines, and barbiturates as analytes. Analyte retention times increased with temperature on packed columns of 12- and 30-nm beads, whereas the column packed with 7-nm beads exhibited decreased retention times with increasing temperature. The difference in analyte elution behavior among the various pore sizes was attributed to analyte diffusion into the bead pores. These results demonstrate that bead pore diameter determines temperature-dependent elution behavior.
Hypoperfusion of the infrapatellar fat pad and its relationship to MRI T2* relaxation time changes in a 5/6 nephrectomy model
Authors: Huang Guo-Shu , Peng Yi-Jen , Hsu Yu-Juei , Lee Herng-Sheng , Chang Yue-Cune , Chiang Shih-Wei , Hsu Yi-Chih , Liu Ying-Chun , Lin Ming-Huang , Wang Chao-Ying 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe purpose of present study was to longitudinally investigate the alterations in infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) vascularity in 5/6 nephrectomized rats by using dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI and IPFP degeneration by using MRI T2* relaxation time. Twelve male Sprague–Dawley rats were assigned to a control group and a 5/6 nephrectomy CKD group. The right knees of all rats were longitudinally scanned by 4.7 T MRI, and serial changes in the IPFP were assessed at 0, 8, 16, 30, and 44 weeks by DCE-MRI (parameters A, kel and kep) and MRI T2* mapping. After MRI measurements, knee specimens were obtained and evaluated histologically. The CKD group had IPFPs with lower blood volume A and lower permeability kep values from 16 weeks (p < 0.05), lower venous washout kel value from 30 weeks (p < 0.001), and significantly higher T2* values reflecting adipocyte degeneration beginning at 16 weeks (p < 0.05). The histopathological results confirmed the MRI findings. Hypoperfusion and adipocytes degeneration related to CKD were demonstrated in a rodent 5/6 nephrectomy model. DCE parameters and MRI T2* can serve as imaging biomarkers of fat pad degeneration during CKD progression.
Evolution of kaiA, a key circadian gene of cyanobacteria
Authors: Dvornyk Volodymyr , Mei Qiming 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe circadian system of cyanobacteria is built upon a central oscillator consisting of three genes, kaiA, kaiB, and kaiC. The KaiA protein plays a key role in phosphorylation/dephosphorylation cycles of KaiC, which occur over the 24-h period. We conducted a comprehensive evolutionary analysis of the kaiA genes across cyanobacteria. The results show that, in contrast to the previous reports, kaiA has an ancient origin and is as old as cyanobacteria. The kaiA homologs are present in nearly all analyzed cyanobacteria, except Gloeobacter, and have varying domain architecture. Some Prochlorococcales, which were previously reported to lack the kaiA gene, possess a drastically truncated homolog. The existence of the diverse kaiA homologs suggests significant variation of the circadian mechanism, which was described for the model cyanobacterium, Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942. The major structural modifications in the kaiA genes (duplications, acquisition and loss of domains) have apparently been induced by global environmental changes in the different geological periods.
Analysis of microbiota in the stomach and midgut of two penaeid shrimps during probiotic feeding
Authors: Imaizumi Kentaro , Tinwongger Sasiwipa , Kondo Hidehiro , Hirono Ikuo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn mammals, the intestine harbors numerous bacteria that play an important role in health. Intestinal microbiota have also been thought to be an important factor in the health of shrimp. However, the barrier systems of the digestive tracts of shrimp seem to be different from those of mammals. In this study, we analyzed the bacterial composition in the stomach and midgut of two species of shrimp during administration of a probiotic, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain TOA5001 by analysis of 16S rRNA genes with Illumina sequencing technology. Whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were observed under laboratory conditions and kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus were observed in an aquaculture farm. The diversities of bacteria in the stomachs of both shrimps were significantly higher than those in the midgut. Also, the microbiota changed during probiotic feeding. Feeding whiteleg shrimp the probiotic after being challenged with an acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND)-causing strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus increased their survival compared to the control group, which suggested that the probiotic prevented AHPND. These results appear to show that a probiotic can affect the microbiota throughout digestive tract of penaeid shrimps and that probiotic can have a role in preventing disease.
QUBO formulations for training machine learning models
Authors: Date Prasanna , Arthur Davis , Pusey-Nazzaro Lauren 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTraining machine learning models on classical computers is usually a time and compute intensive process. With Moore’s law nearing its inevitable end and an ever-increasing demand for large-scale data analysis using machine learning, we must leverage non-conventional computing paradigms like quantum computing to train machine learning models efficiently. Adiabatic quantum computers can approximately solve NP-hard problems, such as the quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO), faster than classical computers. Since many machine learning problems are also NP-hard, we believe adiabatic quantum computers might be instrumental in training machine learning models efficiently in the post Moore’s law era. In order to solve problems on adiabatic quantum computers, they must be formulated as QUBO problems, which is very challenging. In this paper, we formulate the training problems of three machine learning models—linear regression, support vector machine (SVM) and balanced k-means clustering—as QUBO problems, making them conducive to be trained on adiabatic quantum computers. We also analyze the computational complexities of our formulations and compare them to corresponding state-of-the-art classical approaches. We show that the time and space complexities of our formulations are better (in case of SVM and balanced k-means clustering) or equivalent (in case of linear regression) to their classical counterparts.
Two-step machine learning method for the rapid analysis of microvascular flow in intravital video microscopy
Authors: Mahmoud Ossama , El-Sakka Mahmoud , Janssen Barry G. H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMicrovascular blood flow is crucial for tissue and organ function and is often severely affected by diseases. Therefore, investigating the microvasculature under different pathological circumstances is essential to understand the role of the microcirculation in health and sickness. Microvascular blood flow is generally investigated with Intravital Video Microscopy (IVM), and the captured images are stored on a computer for later off-line analysis. The analysis of these images is a manual and challenging process, evaluating experiments very time consuming and susceptible to human error. Since more advanced digital cameras are used in IVM, the experimental data volume will also increase significantly. This study presents a new two-step image processing algorithm that uses a trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to functionally analyze IVM microscopic images without the need for manual analysis. While the first step uses a modified vessel segmentation algorithm to extract the location of vessel-like structures, the second step uses a 3D-CNN to assess whether the vessel-like structures have blood flowing in it or not. We demonstrate that our two-step algorithm can efficiently analyze IVM image data with high accuracy (83%). To our knowledge, this is the first application of machine learning for the functional analysis of microvascular blood flow in vivo.
Metformin improves the outcomes in Chinese invasive breast cancer patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Hui Tianli , Shang Chao , Yang Liu , Wang Meiqi , Li Ruoyang , Song Zhenchuan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEarly reports indicate that metformin, a clinical drug administered to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), was found to be associated with a better prognosis of cancer. The objective of this study was retrospectively analyzed the effect of metformin on the outcomes of Chinese breast cancer patients with T2DM. A total of 3757 primary invasive breast cancer patients who underwent surgery from January 2010 to December 2013 were enrolled. According to the medication treatment, all the patients were divided as non-diabetes group, metformin group and insulin group. The follow-up data for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were obtained from 3553 patients (median follow up of 85 months) and estimated with the Kaplan–Meier method followed by a log-rank test. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was applied. The results showed that there was a significant survival difference among non-diabetes group, metformin group and insulin group, 5-year DFS was 85.8%, 96.1%, 73.0%, and 5-year OS was 87.3%, 97.1%, 73.3% respectively (P < 0.05). Prognostic analysis showed metformin was significantly associated with better DFS and OS. Our results suggested that metformin may have a good effect on the survival of invasive breast cancer patients with T2DM.
Portrait of DNA methylated genes predictive of poor prognosis in head and neck cancer and the implication for targeted therapy
Authors: Hier Jessica , Vachon Olivia , Bernstein Allison , Ibrahim Iman , Mlynarek Alex , Hier Michael , Alaoui-Jamali Moulay A. , Maschietto Mariana , da Silva Sabrina Daniela 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn addition to chronic infection with human papilloma virus (HPV) and exposure to environmental carcinogens, genetic and epigenetic factors act as major risk factors for head and neck cancer (HNC) development and progression. Here, we conducted a systematic review in order to assess whether DNA hypermethylated genes are predictive of high risk of developing HNC and/or impact on survival and outcomes in non-HPV/non-tobacco/non-alcohol associated HNC. We identified 85 studies covering 32,187 subjects where the relationship between DNA methylation, risk factors and survival outcomes were addressed. Changes in DNA hypermethylation were identified for 120 genes. Interactome analysis revealed enrichment in complex regulatory pathways that coordinate cell cycle progression (CCNA1, SFN, ATM, GADD45A, CDK2NA, TP53, RB1andRASSF1). However, not all these genes showed significant statistical association with alcohol consumption, tobacco and/or HPV infection in the multivariate analysis. Genes with the most robust HNC risk association includedTIMP3, DCC, DAPK, CDH1, CCNA1, MGMT, P16, MINT31, CD44, RARβ. From these candidates, we further validated CD44 at translational level in an independent cohort of 100 patients with tongue cancer followed-up beyond 10 years. CD44 expression was associated with high-risk of tumor recurrence and metastasis (P = 0.01) in HPV-cases. In summary, genes regulated by methylation play a modulatory function in HNC susceptibility and it represent a critical therapeutic target to manage patients with advanced disease.
Efficacy of Computer-Based Noise Desensitization Training in Children With Speech-in-Noise Deficits
Authors: Kumar Prawin , Singh Niraj Kumar , Hussain Reesha Oovattil 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
Auditory training is known to improve the speech-perception-in-noise (SPIN) skills in children with auditory processing disorders (APDs); however, conventional non–computer-based trainings are dreary and nonmotivating. This study intended to develop a computer-based noise desensitization training module in Indian English and test the efficacy of the same in children with APD having SPIN deficits. There are no such modules available at present to be used in Indian children.

Method

The module incorporated words-in-noise training, with monosyllables and trisyllables as target words in the presence of speech-shaped noise as well as multitalker babble at different signal-to-noise ratios ranging from +20 to −4 dB SNR. The study included 20 children with SPIN deficits diagnosed with APD and who were recruited randomly to the experimental group who received the training (
n
= 10;
M
age
= 11.1 years) and to the control group who did not receive any training (
n
= 10;
M
age
= 11.4 years). The outcome measures included behavioral measures and electrophysiological measures (auditory long latency responses for speech in quiet and noise).

Results
Compared to children in the control group, children in the experimental group exhibited improvements in the SPIN scores as well as temporal processing measures after training. Dichotic consonant–vowel tests and auditory memory and sequencing tests did not yield significant improvement post training. Also, auditory long latency responses in quiet and noise revealed significant reduction in the amplitudes after training. No significant difference was noted in the latencies of auditory long latency responses post training. Control group participants did not show any significant difference in any of the measures between the initial and follow-up evaluations.

Conclusions
The developed training module was successful in fetching improvements in behavioral and electrophysiological measures. It would be a great addition to the evidence-based rehabilitation support inventory for children with SPIN deficits in India.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14551041
Dual‐curl antennas for broadband circular polarisation
Authors: Hirose K. , Nakatsu M. , Nakano H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA novel dual‐wire antenna to obtain wideband circular polarisation is proposed. The antenna consists of curl elements with a balanced feed above a ground plane. Using the moment method, an antenna with balanced feedlines having two sources is analysed first. Analysis reveals that the antenna shows a 3 dB axial‐ratio bandwidth of 36%. Next, an antenna with quasi‐balanced feedlines having one source to simplify the feed system is investigated. It is found both numerically and experimentally that the axial‐ratio bandwidth remains unchanged, and a VSWR of less than two is obtained.
Unified multimode modelling, stability analysis, and reinforced sliding‐mode design of high‐order buck/boost DC–DC converters for DC energy systems
Authors: Dong Chaoyu , Jiang Wentao , Wang Zhishuang , Jiang Fuxin , Jia Hongjie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUnified modelling, analysis, and reinforced sliding‐mode design of a high‐order buck/boost converter are proposed for DC energy systems. The high voltage gain with low current stress on the converter’s circuit components will noticeably improve its performance in DC energy systems. The mathematical model of this multimode converter is established by deploying the averaging state‐space modelling approach and a duty‐ratio constraint‐deriving method. According to the unified multimode model, a reinforced sliding‐mode controller is proposed for this converter, and the sliding surface is designed using the estimated load information. A complete stability analysis of the reinforced sliding‐mode regulated converter system is also carried out. In addition, a hardware‐based comparison study involving the proposed controller and an existing robust sliding‐mode controller is provided to validate the effectiveness of the unified workflow involving modelling, analysis, and regulation design.
Mobility of charge carriers in mineral oil and ester fluids
Authors: Xue Qingjiang , Timoshkin Igor , Wilson Mark P. , Given Martin , MacGregor Scott J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNew, more stringent environmental requirements for electrical insulation liquids have led to the development of novel, more environment‐friendly liquid dielectrics. Ester fluids, introduced several decades ago, provide a viable alternative to traditional mineral insulating liquids. In order to expand the practical applications of these novel dielectric fluids, their dielectric and electrical parameters should be established. One of the critical parameters that affects and governs the development of pre‐breakdown processes in insulating liquids is the mobility of charge carriers. In the present paper, the mobility of charge carriers in commercially available synthetic and natural insulating ester fluids and in a mineral insulating oil were obtained using two methods, the time of flight and the space charge saturation current methods. The mobility was obtained for a wide range of electrical field magnitudes. It was found that the mobility of charge carriers is greater in the mineral oil than in both, the natural and synthetic, ester fluids. It was also established that the mobility is higher for higher applied electric field. The results of this work will help in characterizing liquid dielectrics and in optimizing high‐voltage systems in which liquid dielectrics, including natural and synthetic ester fluids, are used.
Fault diagnosis of an induction motor using data fusion based on neural networks
Authors: Jorkesh Saeid , Poshtan Javad 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, neural network‐based data fusion is used to detect fault and isolate stator winding short circuit, outer bearing race, and broken rotor bar defects in an induction motor. In addition, the robustness of the proposed method against the disturbance introduced by the coupled pump's unbalanced power source and dry running is investigated. First, three‐phase current and voltage signals are separated by means of independent component analysis (ICA), then extracted features are combined by adopting neural networks, and finally, the system's health condition is evaluated. Experimental results indicate that data fusion based on neural networks can evaluate with high reliability the system's health condition and provide better robustness in the presence of disturbances.
Cu(I)–Bis(phosphine) Dioxides as Catalysts for the Enantioselective α-Arylation of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Orlandi Manuel , Escudero-Casao Margarita , Licini Giulia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe transition-metal-catalyzed α-arylation of carbonyl compounds was first reported by Buchwald and Hartwig in 1997. This transformation has been used and studied extensively over the last two decades. Enantioselective variants were also developed that allow for controlling the product stereochemistry. However, these suffer several limitations in the context of formation of tertiary stereocenters. Presented here is our group’s contribution to this research area. The chiral Cu-bis(phosphine) dioxides catalytic system that we reported allowed accessing the enantioselective α-arylation of ketones that were not suitable for this transformation before in good yields and er up to 97.5:2.5. Preliminary insight and speculation concerning the reaction mechanism involving the unusual pairing of bis(phosphine) dioxides with transition-metal catalysts is also given.1	Introduction2	State of the Art3	Enantioselective α-Arylation of Acyclic Ketones4	Summary and Conclusions