bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Preceptorship Upon Diploma Program Nursing Students' Transition to the Professional Nursing Role
Authors: Jairath Nalini , Costello Judy , Wallace Paulette , Rudy Laura 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This quasi-experimental study determined the effect of a 17-week pregraduate preceptorship program upon diploma nursing students' (N = 22) performance of the professional nursing role. Nine students participated in the preceptorship program; 13 received the standard pregraduate clinical experience. Nursing performance was measured using Schwirian's Six Dimension Scale of Nursing Performance prior to, during, and upon completion of the pregraduate clinical experience. Based on the faculty adviser's appraisals, the preceptorship program was associated with significantly greater improvements in nursing performance within the teaching/collaboration and planning/evaluation dimensions.
Multidimensional Stress Management in Nursing Education
Authors: Russler Michael F 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This study investigated the effectiveness of multidimensional stress management training for beginning baccalaureate nursing students (N = 57). An experimental pretest-posttest placebo group, control group design was used. Two pretest and three posttest measurements of the dependent variables of state anxiety (SA), reported emotions, and coping methods were completed. The program incorporated cognitive, physiological, and behavioral approaches.
Second, this study examined the relationship of selfesteem, recent life experiences, and trait anxiety (TA) to encountered Stressors. A repeated measures analysis of variance demonstrated no significant differences between treatment groups across time. However, written workshop evaluations demonstrated a strongly positive response by the experimental group. Significant within-subjects change was demonstrated for all 57 subjects over the semester on the dependent variables of SA, Threat emotions, and Challenge emotions reinforcing Lazarus' transactional model. A correlation matrix revealed that individuals with low self-esteem appraised the environment in a negative manner as did those subjects with high state and TA. Recommendations include further revision of the multidimensional stress management approach and continued use of the transactional theoretical framework.
The Effect of an Innovative Clinical Teaching Method on Nursing Students' Knowledge and Critical Thinking Skills
Authors: Perciful Eileen Grow , Nester Patricia Anne 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to determine the effect of an experimental clinical teaching method on nursing students' knowledge and critical thinking skills during clinical rotations in psychiatric nursing. Ausubel's Assimilation Theory of Learning provided the theoretical framework for this research. The subjects (JV=83) were from the baccalaureate nursing graduating classes of 1992 and 1993 of a medium-sized state university in the mid-atlantic region of the United States. The experimental clinical teaching method used computer-assisted instruction (CAI) throughout and a collaboration model (student-faculty-service) during initial clinical experiences. Knowledge was measured by the score for the psychiatric nursing component of the Mosby Assess Test and two parts of the National League for Nursing's (NLN) Psychiatric Exam (theory and total scores). Critical thinking was measured by two parts of the NLN1S Psychiatric Nursing Exam (the score for assess, analyze, and evaluate as one measure and planning and implementation for the other measure). The comparison group scored significantly higher than the control group on assessing, analyzing, and evaluating (r=2. 15; ? <. 03), as well as planning and implementation (t=2.33; p<.02), measures for critical thinking skills. However, there was no significant difference between the study groups with respect to knowledge. The findings support the appropriateness of Ausubel's Assimilation Theory with this clinical teaching method. Discussion relevant to the application of the study findings to nursing education and future research is presented.
The Experience of Being a Male Student Nurse
Authors: Kelly Norma R , Shoemaker Mary , Steele Tim 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Although schools of nursing market their programs to all segments of society, men are underrepresented in schools of nursing. The purpose of this study was to identify male students' perceptions of the motivational factors, barriers and frustrations encountered in becoming a nurse. Eighteen students attended one of four focus groups representing one associate program, two baccalaureate programs and one diploma program. The students' belief that society perceived nursing as a feminine profession was an underlying thread that related to many of their perceptions and feelings. The roost influential support people noted were immediate family, especially wives. The participants also believed that high school counselors were of no assistance in choosing nursing as a career. Even though the schools of nursing were perceived as supportive, the participants had feelings of isolation and self-doubt.
Heterosexism in Nursing Education
Authors: Gray D Patricia , Kramer Maeona , Minick Ptlene , McGehee Linda , Thomas Debera , Greiner Doris 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
If we are to take seriously the challenge of teaching nursing students skills in critical thinking, as nurse educators we must examine the most difficult issues facing society and nurses. Heterosexism and the resulting homophobia are such issues. This article provides an introduction to the concepts of heterosexism and homophobia and describes how they intersect and are revealed in nursing education. The consequences of heterosexism and homophobia are illustrated using examples from our experiences as lesbian and heterosexual nurse educators. We conclude with an action plan for undermining heterosexism and homophobia.
Clinical Knowledge and Skill Priorities in Substance Abuse Education: A Nursing Faculty Longitudinal Survey
Authors: Murphy Shirley A , Scott Craig S , Mandel Lynn P 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The aims of this study were to: 1) determine which of 16 substance abuse content areas nursing faculty fellows considered important for their professional growth; 2) determine content areas in which faculty fellows planned to obtain knowledge and skill development during the coming year; and 3) to identify content areas faculty fellows thought undergraduate and/or graduate students should be taught. Questionnaires were mailed to the 43 nursing faculty fellows who were recipients of substance abuse federal training during the 1989-1994 academic years. The response rate was 81%. One and a half years later, 66% responded to the same items on a follow-up survey. The results showed that faculty ratings of knowledge and skill development needs for themselves and their students in nursing were stable over time. Findings can be used to guide faculty and curriculum development in alcohol and other substance abuse.
Evaluating Critical Thinking Skills of Baccalaureate Nursing Students
Authors: Vaughan-Wrobel Beth C , O'Sullivan Patricia , Smith Lynette 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This study evaluates the critical thinking skills of students enrolled in a baccalaureate nursing program, using the WGCTA, for the classes of 1993 through 1996. Scores were obtained at entry and at end of junior and senior years. The mean entry WGCTA score was 56 for all four classes; however, the 1995 and 1996 classes had significantly higher scores than the class of 1994. Critical thinking scores were higher at entry for older students and students who had completed another education degree; however, critical thinking scores were lower for students who had previous nursing experience. After adapting for age, previous degree, and nursing experience, no significant differences in the WGCTA scores from entry to end of junior and senior years emerged for the classes of 1993, 1994, 1995.
Characteristics of the Iris in 100 Neonates
Authors: Spierer Abraham , Isenberg Sherwin J , Inkelis Stanley H 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
To better characterize the appearance of the iris at birth, we studied certain iris features of 100 normal newborns with slit lamp biomicroscopy. We noted the iris color, crypt-structure, and vascularity of the collarette and periphery of the iris. These features were considered in light of the child's birthweight, postnatal days of age, sex, and race. Iris vascularity correlated significantly with postnatal age at examination, and stage of crypt development was more advanced in males, and more evident in the blue and gray hides. Males also had a more advanced stage of iris development. In addition to our previous finding that iris vessels of cocaine intoxicated neonates were more tortuous and dilated than a control group, this study suggests that such vessels may also be more commonly found in sickly Infants.
Hang-Back Lateral Rectus Recessions for Exotropia
Authors: Capó Hilda , Repka Michael X , Guyton David L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The hang-back recession isa simple, safe alternative to conventional recession. We evaluated the surgical results in 23 consecutive patients undergoing bilateral hangback lateral rectus recessions and 24 consecutive patients undergoing bilateral conventional lateral rectus recessions. The 6-week postoperative success rate was 78% in the hang-back group and 75% in the conventional group. At the time of the most recent follow-up, the success rate was 64% In the hang-back group and 85% in the conventional group. Dose-response curves were similar for both methods. There were more late overcorrections with the hang-back technique. We suggest modified surgical guidelines for the hang-back recession technique.
Residual Incomitant DVD Following Large Bilateral Superior Rectus Recession
Authors: Freeman Richard S , Rosenbaum Arthur L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A recent survey of 25 experienced strabismus surgeons Indicated that a very large superior rectus recession is the procedure of choice for DVD. We report a series of seven patients who exhibited a persistent DVD following large superior rectus recession. Furthermore, the DVD was markedly incomitant, much greater in adduction than in abduction. This residual DVD would mimic inferior oblique overactlon on version testing, although proving to be purely DVD on critical observation. This "overactlon" is apparently due to the marked weakening of the superior rectus and was not always predictive of the location and amount of persistent DVD. This previously unreported complication of large superior rectus recession is important to recognize so that alternative surgical approaches may be contemplated. It Is hoped that more accurate observations and measurements both preoperatively and postoperatively will lead to a more orderly approach to DVD surgery.
Topical Anesthesia for Strabismus Surgery
Authors: Diamond Gary R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Twenty-two adults underwent strabismus surgery under topical anesthesia over the past 4 years. Benefits of this technique include avoidance of certain hazards of general and retrobulbar anesthesia, the ability to adjust eye position to the patient's satisfaction on the operative table, and expanded options for patients unwilling to undergo general anesthesia. The major disadvantages are the possibility of increased patient discomfort. Patient selection is important.
Expanded Binocular Peripheral Visual Fields Following Surgery for Esotropia
Authors: Wortham Edwin V , Greenwald Mark J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We measured the horizontal extent of the binocular peripheral field of vision in ten adult esotropes using Goldmann perimetry before and after strabismus surgery. In every case there was expansion of the field by an amount approximately commensurate with the change in angle of strabismic deviation. This occurred regardless of the presence of amblyopia or recovery of binocular fusion. Subjective improvement in peripheral vision was appreciated by a number of patients. Visual field expansion should be recognized as a significant indication for correction of esotropia.
Botulinum Toxin Injection Into the Superior Rectus Muscle of the Non-Dominant Eye for Dissociated Vertical Deviation
Authors: McNeer Keith W 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A variety of surgical procedures on the superior rectus muscles have been proposed asa remedy for Dissociated Vertical Deviation (DVD); Botulinumtoxin (Oculinum) has been one such suggestion as a surgical alternative. We selected five older patients with DVD whose age placed them beyond a risk of amblyopia to evaluate Oculinum injection into the superior rectus muscle as therapy for DVD. The patients achieved a reduction from the mean value of 20 prism diopters to the mean value of less than 5 pd hypertropia at 172 weeks following injection. Our study suggests that Oculinum is effective in treating DVD, but caution should be exercised because transient ptosis invariably accompanies injection.
Möbius and Möbius-Like Syndromes (TTV-OFM, OMLH)
Authors: Miller Marilyn T , Ray Valencia , Owens Paul , Chen Felix 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
There exists a spectrum of syndromes characterized by cranial nerve palsies, limb anomalies, and craniofacial malformations. Criteria based on type and severity of limb anomaly or presence or absence of cranial nerve palsy may alter the syndrome nomenclature due to a selection bias but do not appear to benefit syndrome delineation to any extent. Patients with seventh nerve palsy and abduction weakness are usually diagnosed as having Möbius syndrome by ophthalmologists.
The observed ocular motility findings range from primarily abduction deficiencies to patients who have a Duane or gaze palsy pattern of horizontal movements. Some cases previously described as "sixth nerve and partial third" may better fall into one of the latter groups, since an isolated adduction deficit as a manifestation of third nerve involvement is rare,
The presence of clinical appearance of Duane syndrome in these Möbius-type patients raises the possibility of abnormal innervation of the lateral rectus as an explanation of some patterns of motility observed.
Neuroretinitis in Childhood
Authors: Weiss Avery H , Beck Roy W 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report the clinical features and results of laboratory testing of seven children with neuroretinitis, diagnosed on the basis of reduced visual acuity, relative afferent pupillary defect, and distinctive appearance of the fundi. Disc swelling was segmental in five patients with unilateral disease and diffuse in two patients with bilateral disease. Retinal infiltrates were transiently present in two patients. Swelling of the optic disc and peripapillary retina, along with the inflammatory vitritis resolved by 2 to 6 weeks but macular exudates persisted for 3 to 12 months. Two patients developed optic atrophy with permanent visual loss and two patients had visual acuity reduction detected only under low contrast conditions. Cat-scratch disease was implicated as the cause of the neuroretinitis in two patients; the etiology of the remaining cases was not established.
Prematures With and Without Regressed Retinopathy of Prematurity: Comparison of Long-Term (6-10 Years) Ophthalmological Morbidity
Authors: Cats Bernard P , Tan Karel E W P 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTForty-two ex-prematures having had regressed forms ol retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) during the neonatal period were compared with 42 matched non-ROP expremature controls at ages 6 to 10 years. The overall incidence of ophthalmologic problems was 55% in the ROP and 36% in the non-ROP group. Strabismus, amblyopia, and refraction anomalies occurred more frequently in the ROP group. In this group, a significantly greater number of children had decreased vision in one or both eyes compared to the non-ROP group. Although the incidence of ophthalmologic problems in the ROP group was considerably higher, the incidence in the non-ROP group still turned out unexpectedly high. This implicates that non-ROP very low birth weight neonates should also be considered to be at a greatly increased risk for later visual problems. Regular ocular examinations, mandatory for the ROP group, thus should be included in follow-up programs of non-ROP very low birthweight neonates as well.
Prism Adaptation for Esotropia With a Distance-Near Disparity
Authors: Kutschke Pamela J , Scott William E , Stewart Susan A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A series of 64 patients who had surgery for esotropia with a distance-near disparity of at least 10 prism diopters was reviewed. Thirty-three patients were prism adapted for their distance deviation (PA distance). Thirtyone patients were prism adapted for near deviation (PA near). Both groups were divided Into responders and nonresponders.
In the PA distance group, 22 (67%) patients were responders. All responders had surgery for their prismadapted angle. Postoperatively, 19 (86%) responders had fusion. Thirteen (68%) required bifocals to maintain fusion.
In the PA near group, 21 (68%) patients were responders. All responders had surgery for their prism-adapted angle. Ninety-four percent of responders had fusion postoperatively. None needed bifocals for fusion postoperatively and none were overcorrected.
The results show that those patients who were prism adapted for their near angle, responded with fusion, and had surgery for their full amount of esotropia at prism response obtained better postoperative fusion, without the need for a bifocal at near and without overcorrectlon at distance.
Neuroradiological Features of Patients With Optic Nerve Hypoplasia
Authors: Zeki Sabah M , Hollman Anne S , Dutton Gordon N 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) is associated with a wide range of neurological and endocrine disorders. A series of 21 patients is reported. This comprised 17 with ONH in association with manifest neurological and endocrine disturbance, 3 who were blind but who were otherwise normal, and 1 with bilateral impaired visual acuity only. AH patients underwent neuroradiological and detailed ophthalmic assessment. A wide range of abnormalities was observed. The most common findings were absent septum pel lucid urn, hydrocephaly, and porencephaly. Evidence of hypothalamic/pituitary hormone deficiency was present in nine patients, six of whom had demonstrable intracranial radiological abnormalities. All patients except one had bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia. Most patients had poor visual acuities and nystagmus. Astigmatism was also common. Two conditions which have not previously been reported in association with optic nerve hypoplasia were found: an intracranial arachnoid cyst and an intracranial epidermoid cyst.
Congenital Double Elevator Palsy: Vertical Saccadic Velocity Utilizing the Scleral Search Coil Technique
Authors: Ziffer Anne J , Rosenbaum Arthur L , Demer Joseph L , Yee Robert D 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Four patients with congenital double elevator palsy were studied who had clinically brisk elevation of the affected eye from downgaze to the midline position of rest, but severely limited or absent elevation above primary position. Forced auction tests were negative and Bell's phenomenon was present preoperative^ in all patients. To clarify why upgaze saccades clinically seemed intact below but not above midline, vertical saccadic velocities were measured using the scleral search coil technique. The tracings of three cases suggest sufficient superior rectus function to generate a normal upward saccadic trajectory. A supranuclear lesion is the most likely etiology of the inability to elevate the eye well above primary position in these three patients. In a fourth patient, the reduced ability to elevate the affected eye above primary position is caused by a superior rectus paresis with decreased upward saccadic velocities. We suggest at least three distinct groups of patients present clinically as double elevator palsy: primary inferior rectus restriction, primary superior rectus paresis or palsy, and congenital supranuclear elevation deficiency.
Surgery in the Prism Adaptation Study: Accuracy and Dose Response
Authors: Repka Michael X , Connett John E , Baker John D , Rosenbaum Arthur L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Three hundred twenty-two patients underwent strabismus surgery for acquired esotropia according to a rigid protocol in the Prism Adaptation Study (PAS). This report describes the PAS surgical technique and the methods used to evaluate and assure adherence to the surgical protocol. We present analyses of the discrepancies between the amount of recession surgery planned by the surgeon and the amount of recession estimated by the masked graders from documentary photographs. In 74% of patients, the total discrepancy (combined from both medial rectus operations) was 1 mm or less. There was a distinct trend for masked graders to estimate larger recession amounts than were dictated by the protocol and claimed to be done by the surgeon. In 24% of patients, the masked graders estimated that the recession was more than 1 mm greater than that claimed by the surgeon, while in 2%, the graders estimated that the surgery was more than 1 mm less than planned. Of the 74 patients for whom the graders' estimated total recession was more than 1 mm greater than the amount planned by the surgeon, 88% were successful. Of the six patients for whom the graders' estimated total recession was more than 1 mm less than the amount planned by the surgeon, five (83%) were successful. We propose new surgical tables for patients with acquired esotropia. Enhanced amounts of recession appear to be necessary to decrease the rate of undercorrection for each group of patients.
A Mydriatic Eye-Drop Combination Without Systemic Effects for Premature Infants: A Prospective Double-Blind Study
Authors: Bolt Bruno , Benz Bernadette , Koerner Fritz , Bossi Emilio 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Eye drops used for diagnostic mydriasis may produce systemic side effects in preterm infants. Studies on the pupil dilating and systemic effect of various mydriatic agents yielded conflicting results.
We conducted a prospective randomized double-blind study on the systemic effect of two mydriatic eye-drop combinations. Thirty-nine preterm infants were randomly assigned to two groups. An eye-drop combination of 2.5% phenylephrine and 0.5% tropicamide (group D) was compared with the combination of 0.5% cyclopentolate and 0.5% tropicamide (group F). Either eye-drop combination was followed by 0.5% tropicamide given 20 minutes later. Heart rate (HR) and the systolic, mean, and diastolic blood pressure (BP) were recorded before and after eye-drop instillation and after ophthalmoscopy. A control session with NaCI eye drops was added for each infant
A significant increase of BP and HR peak values was observed within 7 to 10 minutes after the cyclopentolate/ tropicamide combination only. On the other hand, the mydriatic effect of the phenylephrine/tropicamide combination was significantly superior to that of the cyclopentolate/tropicamide combination. We recommend the combination of 2.5% phenylephrine and 0.5% tropicamide to achieve a sufficient diagnostic mydriasis without systemic side effects in preterm infants.