bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lodging Resistance In Rice Cultivars Under Rates of Nitrogen Fertilizer; Does The Main Culm Represent The General Pattern of Lodging In Primary Tiller?
Authors: Olagunju Solomon Oladimeji , Aremu Precious A. , Ayodele Tolulope A. , Ismail Oluwapelumi J. , Oguntade Oladele A. , Nassir Adesola L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose Lodging resistance (LR) in rice cultivars is usually established using the main culm (MC) as a good representative of tillers on the plant. However, it remains unclear whether LR of MC represents LR of the primary tiller (PT) to guide in the selection of tillers during LR assessment in rice cultivars under rates of nitrogen fertilizer. Methods Four lodging resistant cultivars namely: NERICAs 1, 4, 6 and Moroberekan were established under three rates (0, 60, 120 kg ha-1) of nitrogen fertilizer. At 20 days after heading of each of the MC and PT, the culms were harvested for assessment of LR. Results Increasing application rates of nitrogen fertilizer increased the culm morphological traits (CMTs) such as culm wall thickness, internode and lumen diameters, bending moment and breaking strength of MC and PT with little effect on lodging index (LI). The CMTs were however, higher in the MC and with lower LI than in the PT. The higher CMTs in MC did not translate to lower LI in all the rice cultivars such as Moroberekan compared with the PT. Correlations of CMTs with LI were higher and significant in the MC than in the PT. Conclusion Main culm remains reliable for the mechanical assessment of LR in upland rice but does not represent the general pattern of lodging in the PT. There is need for consistency in selection of tiller for mechanical assessment of lodging in rice cultivars under rates of nitrogen fertilizer.
Research on Variable-Stiffness Mechanisms of Robot Wrists for Compliant Assembling-Clamping
Authors: Li Kangkang , Xing Pu , Zhang Xu-Kun , Xia Qing-Guo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The stiffness requirements of robot wrists vary with processes during automatic assembling-clamping of robots. The precision of robots moving workpieces to operating positions in the process of rigid localization is achieved if robot wrists equip with a large stiffness. The pose errors of workpieces in the process of compliant assembling-clamping can easily be compensated if robot wrists with a low stiffness is utilized. The present compliant wrist can not meet the stiffness requirements of different processes. A robot wrist with a large stiffness variation is proposed and its mechanisms of rigid localization and compliant assembling-clamping are studied. The pose models of wrists caused by deformations are established. The influences of wrist stiffness on the deformation of itself are researched. The mechanism of modulating wrist stiffness during compliant assembling-clamping is revealed. A structure of 3-DOF (degrees of freedom) robot wrist with a stiffness variation is proposed. The wrist stiffness is changed by modulating the pretension. The influences of pretensions and geometrical parameters on the variable-stiffness characteristics and the stiffness distribution of a wrist are researched. Finally, the experiments are carried out to verify the feasibility of the wrists finishing assembling-clamping operations by modulating the stiffness.
Prognostic Value of Pre-operative Plasma NT-proBNP Combined With Creatinine in Early Outcomes After Adult Cardiac Valve Surgery
Authors: Li Tianyuan , Cao Hanjun , Qu Liangchao , Long Dingde , Zhu Xiaoping 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective To assess to prognostic value of pre-operative plasma NT-proBNP combined with creatinine in early outcomes after adult cardiac valve surgery. Methods A total of 125 patients who underwent cardiac valve surgery in the first affiliated hospital of nanchang university between October 2016 and October 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. including age, gender, weight, height, pre-operative plasma creatinine, preoperative plasma NT-proBNP, number of valves involved, pre-operative EF and early postoperative outcomes. The independent pre-operative factors that have a significant impact on early post-operative outcomes after adult cardiac valve surgery were investigated. Prognostic value in early outcomes after adult cardiac valve surgery was analyzed by ROC curve analysis. Results preoperative plasma creatinine, preoperative plasma NT-proBNP and the number of valves involved in the complication group were significantly higher than that in non-complication group;BMI and pre-operative EF in the complication group was lower than that in the non-complication group ,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05). Factors having P-value < 0.15 in the bivariable logistic regression model were entered into a multivariable logistic regression model. The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the preoperative plasma creatinine, preoperative plasma NT-proBNP,BMI and the number of valves involved were correlated with the early postoperative outcomes, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis was used to explore the predictive performance. Results in ROC curve analysis, the AUC for the preoperative plasma NT-proBNP was 0.806 (95% CI 0.712～0.900，P<0.00). Logistic regression model found that the predictive value increased after adding the pre-operative plasma creatinine.the joint prediction AUC was 0.843, the sensitivity and specificity were 85.0%, 72.4% respectively. Conclusion The elevated NT-proBNP and creatinine levels were independently correlated with the early post-operative outcomes, were two promising prognostic predictors for predicting the worse clinical outcomes . The pre-operative plasma NT-proBNP and the plasma creatinine combination was determined to help identify high-risk patients and make appropriate clinical decisions.
Influence of the North American Dipole on the Atlantic Warm Pool
Authors: Chao Jinghua , Fan Guangzhou , Ding Ruiqiang , Zhong Quanjia , Wang Zhenchao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Atlantic warm pool(AWP) of water having a temperature above 28.5°C encompasses the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean, and the western tropical North Atlantic, influencing the regional and global climate. Much of the AWP interannual variabillity has been thought to be an outcome of external remote forcing by climate variability outside the tropical Atlantic, such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) or the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). This study indicates that the North American dipole (NAD), exemplified by a north-south seesaw in sea level pressure anomalies over the western tropical North Atlantic and northeastern North America, may provide another integral remote forcing source to influence the AWP. Both observational and model data prove that a strong positive (negative) phase of the winter NAD tends to inhibit (favor) the development of AWP in its area and depth in subsequent months. As opposed to the NAO, the NAD plays a more pivotal role in influencing the AWP due to its effectiveness in forcing the TNA SST variability, which means that AWP variability may be more of a lagging response to NAD atmospheric forcing than a lagging response to NAO atmospheric forcing. Additional analysis indicates that the winter NAD-like atmospheric signal may be stored in the following AWP, thus markedly influencing the TNA precipitation and air temperature in summer. It is speculated that the AWP may act as a bridge linking winter NAD to the following summer precipitation and air temperature in the TNA region.
A New Minimally Invasive Approach for Treatment of Middle and Distal-third Humeral Shaft Fractures
Authors: Yang Jing , Zhang Lina , Liu Dapeng , Lu Zhanxin , Liu Tang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of a new minimally-invasive surgical approach–anteromedial minimally-invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) in the treatment of middle and distal-third segment humeral shaft fractures.Methods: From November 2016 to March 2020, 14 patients (8 males and 6 females) with middle and distal-third segment humeral shaft fracture who were treated surgically by one surgeon of our department were retrospectively evaluated. Four fractures were type A1, tow fractures type A2, four fractures type A3 and four fractures type B1. In the surgical procedure, 11 fractures were treated with anterolateral MIPO approach, while three fractures used the anterolateral + lateral MIPO approach. Patient’s age averaged 48 years (range, 25–81). Results: Average follow-up time, months: 21.7, (range 12 to 36 months). QuickDASH score at final follow-up averaged 2.5 points (range, 0–4.5), The constant score averaged 88.5 points (range, 80–100). All fractures there were no nerve injuries, infections, and Other severe complications occurred.Conclusion: The anteromedial approach MIPO technique has the advantages of less trauma, less bleeding, low risk of nerve injury and high rate of fracture healing. It is one of the most effective methods for the treatment of middle and middle–distal humeral shaft fractures. Our study provided a new approach for the treatment of middle and distal-third segment Humeral shaft fractures.
Accurate Measurement of Strain in Non-Contact Surface Deformation Using Subset Based Digital Image Correlation
Authors: S Agnes Shifani , S Godwin Premi M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The measurement of strain using some contact techniques has some drawbacks like less accuracy and it takes larger computation time for finding each location of sub-pixels. Thus, a faster non-contact Digital Image Correlation (DIC) mechanism is utilized along with the traditional techniques to measure the strain. The Newton-Raphson (NR) technique is considered to be an accepted mechanism for accurate tracking of different intensity relocation. Generally, the issue regarding the DIC mechanism is its computational cost. In this paper an interpolation technique is utilized to accomplish a high precision rate and faster image correlation, thereby it reduces the computation time required for finding the matched pixel and viably handles the rehashing relationship process. Hence the proposed mechanism provides better efficiency along with a reduced number of iterations required for finding the identity. The number of iteration can be reduced using the Sum of Square of Subset Intensity Gradient (SSSIG) method. The evaluation of the projected scheme is tested with different images through various parameters. Finally, the outcome indicates that the projected mechanism takes only a few milliseconds to match the best matching location whereas the prevailing techniques require 16 seconds for the same operation with the same step size. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Temperature, carbon dioxide and methane
Authors: Hambler Clive , Henderson Peter A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
1) Globally-representative monthly rates of change of atmospheric carbon dioxide and methane are compared with global rates of change of sea ice and with Arctic and Antarctic air temperatures. 2) Carbon dioxide is very strongly correlated with sea ice dynamics, with the carbon dioxide rate at Mauna Loa lagging sea ice extent rate by 7 months. 3) Methane is very strongly correlated with sea ice dynamics, with the global (and Mauna Loa) methane rate lagging sea ice extent rate by 5 months. 4) Sea ice melt rate peaks in very tight synchrony with temperature in each Hemisphere. 5) The very high synchrony of the two gases is most parsimoniously explained by a common causality acting in both Hemispheres. 6) Time lags between variables indicate primary drivers of the gas dynamics are due to solar action on the polar regions, not mid-latitudes as is conventionally believed. 7) Results are consistent with a proposed role of a high-latitude temperature-dependent abiotic variable such as sea ice in the annual cycles of carbon dioxide and methane. 8) If sea ice does not drive the net flux of these gases, it is a highly precise proxy for whatever does. 9) Potential mechanisms should be investigated urgently.
Investigation of Mg2+ ion on Structural, Morphological, FTIR, Dielectric and AC Conductivity of PVDF-HFP Based Solid Polymer Electrolytes and Application to Electrochemical Cell
Authors: Mallikarjun Anna , Mahendrakar Sangeetha , Reddy M Vikranth , Reddy M Jaipal , Kumar J Siva , Sreeka T 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, solid polymer electrolytes comprising of Poly (vinylidene-fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) polymer and Mg (ClO4)2 salt were prepared by employing the solution casting technique. The fabricated polymer-salt electrolyte membranes are exposed to XRD, FTIR and SEM studies. The real and imaginary part of dielectric permittivity is illustrated with the Cole-Cole plot. Static dielectric constant \({(\epsilon }_{s})\), dynamic dielectric constant \(\left({\epsilon }_{\infty }\right)\), dielectric strength \(({\Delta }\epsilon\)), dielectric loss (tanδ) and relaxation time (τ) are determined using the Cole-Cole plot. The electrochemical properties; cell stability, cell discharge characteristics, dc and ac conductivity are analyzed. Structural studies of XRD peaks are broadened to confirm the amorphous phase of polymer matrix. Morphological studies shows the presence of interlinked micro-pores promote for ease of mobility of Mg2+ ions which attribute to enhance ionic conductivity. The static dielectric constant \({(\epsilon }_{s})\), dynamic dielectric constant \(\left({\epsilon }_{\infty }\right)\), dielectric strength \(({\Delta }\epsilon\)), dielectric loss (tanδ) reach maximum but relaxation time (τ) decreases for an optimal concentration ratio of (100:40) PVDF-HFP: Mg (ClO4)2 that reveals fast hopping of ions from one site of the polymer chain to another. The highest ionic conductivity of 7.73333x 10− 4 Scm− 1 is obtained at room temperature for [PVDF-HFP: Mg(ClO4)2] polymer-salt electrolyte. The cell discharge characteristics of OCV and SCC of Mg/ [PVDF-HFP: Mg(ClO4)2] /I + C cell are found to be 1.8 V and 120 mA respectively The electrochemical stability was observed with a constant voltage of 0.43volt in a positive cycle and 0.4 volts of negative potential which favors an electrochemical membrane for battery applications
Comparative metabolic profiling of posterior parietal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus in conditioned fear memory
Authors: Jeon Yoonjeong , Yeom Jiwoo , Kim Eun-Kyoung 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Fear conditioning and retrieval are suitable models to investigate the biological basis of various mental disorders. Hippocampus and amygdala neurons consolidate conditioned stimulus (CS)-dependent fear memory. Posterior parietal cortex is considered important for the CS-dependent conditioning and retrieval of fear memory. Metabolomic screening among functionally related brain areas provides molecular signatures and biomarkers to improve the treatment of psychopathologies. Herein, we analyzed and compared changes of metabolites in the hippocampus, amygdala and posterior parietal cortex under the fear retrieval condition. Metabolite profiles of posterior parietal cortex and amygdala were similarly changed after fear memory retrieval. While the retrieval of fear memory perturbed various metabolic pathways, most metabolic pathways that overlapped among the three brain regions had high ranks in the enrichment analysis of posterior parietal cortex. In posterior parietal cortex, the most perturbed pathways were pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, purine metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and NAD+ dependent signaling. Metabolites of posterior parietal cortex including 4′-phosphopantetheine, xanthine, glutathione, ADP-ribose, ADP-ribose phosphate, and cyclic ADP-ribose were significantly regulated in these metabolic pathways. These results point to the importance of metabolites of posterior parietal cortex in conditioned fear memory retrieval and may provide potential biomarker candidates for traumatic memory–related mental disorders.
Fabrication, characterization, and application of polyaniline/Ni(II) metal-organic frameworks nanocomposite as a supercapacitor electrode material
Authors: Ansari-Asl Zeinab , Dezfuli Amin Shiralizadeh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), owing to their tunable porosity, high surface area, and diversity were investigated as potential supercapacitor materials. PANI/Ni-MOF, a nanocomposite of Ni-MOF and polyaniline (PANI), was fabricated by in situ solvothermal synthesis of Ni-MOF in the presence of the as-obtained PANI. The prepared products were studied using FT-IR, PXRD, SEM, and EDS-mapping techniques. EDS-mapping results exhibited the uniform dispersion of Ni-MOF into the polymeric matrix. Electrochemical properties of the pure Ni-MOF and PANI/Ni-MOF were investigated through CV (cyclic voltammetry), GCD (galvanostatic charge/discharge), and EIS (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) methods in a three-electrode system. The as-fabricated PANI/Ni-MOF nanocomposite exhibited outstanding electrochemical performance owing to the synergistic effects of PANI with proper conductivity and the Ni-MOF’s porous structure, obtaining an excellent specific capacitance of 601 F g− 1 at 1 A g− 1. Additionally, this supercapacitor material showed a remarkable cycle life after 5000 charge/discharge test, 99.5 % retention of its specific capacitance. These excellent properties would make PANI/Ni-MOF nanocomposite as a proper candidate for supercapacitor electrode material. .
Environmental impact on the toxicologically relevant arsenic species in ground water of 2nd aquifer of coal mining area and release in a reservoir: Risk assessment to aquatic life
Authors: Unar Asif , Kazi Tasneem , Memon Shahabuddin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In present study, the variation in the concentrations of inorganic As species (penta and trivalent) in ground water of coal mining area (2nd aquifer) and its drain outlet/discharge in a reservoir/gorano dam. The water samples were collected from reservoir at four different sites (RW1, RW2, RW3 and RW4. At site four of reservoir (RW4) the fish farming is also carried out, from where a fish species Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) was also collected. The solid phase extraction using titanium dioxide as an adsorbent was applied for the determination of inorganic As. The arsenite (AsIII) was found by an advance extraction method (cloud point extraction) by means of a hydrophobic chelating reagent and the obtained hydrophobic complex was deceived in a surfactant (Triton X-114). Physico-chemical, parameters of all water samples collected from ground water of aquifer 2 of coal mining area (AQ2), drain/discharge outlet (DW) and four sites of reservoir/Gorano dam were carried out. The resulted data indicated that physicochemical parameters (conductivity, total dissolved salt, pH) of all collected samples were surpassed the WHO recommended values for drinking water excluding pH. The different organs (gills, scale, liver and muscles) of O. mossambicus were analyzed for total As. The resulted data designated that accretion of As in various tissues of selected fish species was found in decreasing order as liver > gill > muscles > scale. The bioaccumulation factor was calculated > 28. To evaluate the exposure of As via consuming the fish muscles by people was calculated by daily intake of As (EDI), and found to be significantly higher than the allowable limit (2.1 µg/Kg/day) by food organizations.
Is this an epic innovation? Electronic health record implementation and healthcare workers’ work characteristics and autonomous motivation – a before-and-after study
Authors: Veenstra Gepke L , Rietzschel Eric F. , Molleman Eric , Heineman Erik , Pols Jan , Welker Gera A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background Technological innovation in healthcare is often assumed to contribute to the quality of care. However, the question how technology implementation impacts healthcare workers has received little empirical attention. This study investigates the consequences of Electronic Health Record (EHR) implementation for healthcare workers’ work motivation. The consequences of EHR implementation for healthcare workers’ autonomous work motivation are hypothesized to be mediated by changes in perceived work characteristics (job autonomy and interdependence). Additionally, a moderating effect of profession on the relationship between EHR implementation and work characteristics is explored.Methods A quantitative uncontrolled before-and-after study was performed among employees from a large university medical centre in the Netherlands. Data were analysed following the component approach for testing a first stage moderated mediation model, using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE). Results A total of 456 healthcare workers (75 physicians, 154 nurses, 145 allied healthcare professionals, and 82 administrative workers) finished both the baseline and the follow-up survey. After EHR implementation, job autonomy decreased, whereas interdependence increased. In line with our hypothesis, job autonomy was positively associated with autonomous motivation. Interdependence showed the same association, which we did not anticipate. Autonomous motivation was stable over the course of EHR implementation. This study did not provide support for a moderating effect of profession, meaning that no differences were observed between the various professions regarding the changes in their experienced job autonomy and interdependence after EHR implementation. Conclusions Our study showed that healthcare professionals’ work characteristics, but not their autonomous motivation, are affected by EHR implementation, and that these experiences were relatively similar for physicians, nurses, allied healthcare professionals. The stability of healthcare workers’ autonomous motivation may be explained by the opposite effects of decreased job autonomy and increased interdependence, and the EHR being in line with healthcare workers’ values. The changes in job autonomy and interdependence may have consequences beyond motivation, for example by affecting clinical decision making, proactive behaviour, and the quality of teamwork. These potential consequences of EHR implementation warrant further research.
Blocking ActRIIB signaling and restoring appetite reverses cachexia and improves survival in mice with lung cancer
Authors: Queiroz Andre Lima , Ramsamooj Shakti , Dantas Ezequiel , Zunica Elizabeth , Liang Roger , Murthy Anirudh , Murphy Charles , Holman Corey , Bare Curtis , Ghahramani Gregory , Wu Zhidan , Cohen David , Kirwan John , Cantley Lewis , Axelrod Christopher , Goncalves Marcus 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

The cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome (CACS) is a common, debilitating condition with limited therapeutic options. The defining feature of CACS is weight loss, which suggests a state of negative energy balance. It is unclear whether this net reduction in energy is due solely to anorexia or if a combination of anorexia and increased energy expenditure (EE) occurs. To address this question, we induced lung cancer in mice and measured changes in food intake, EE, and body composition. Mice with CACS developed reductions in food intake, spontaneous activity, and EE. There was severe atrophy and markers of metabolic dysfunction in the adipose and skeletal muscle tissues as compared to mice without CACS and pair-fed wild-type mice. We used anamorelin fumarate (Ana), a ghrelin receptor agonist, alone or in combination ActRIIB-Fc, a ligand trap for TGF-β/activin family members, to reverse anorexia and skeletal muscle atrophy, respectively. Ana effectively increased food intake and the combination of drugs increased lean mass, restored spontaneous activity, and improved overall survival. These beneficial effects were limited to female mice. Our findings suggest that multimodal, gender-specific, therapies are needed to reverse CACS.