bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
23rd Pauline Cerasoli Lecture Educating for Professionalism: The Science of Caring. The Art of Healing
Authors: Swisher Laura Lee 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Although the physical therapy profession has worked tirelessly toward recognition as a true profession, we know little about best practices in educating for and evaluating professionalism. These complex and uncertain times challenge traditional notions, calling for nuanced multidimensional understandings of both collective and individual professionalism. A review of the current state of professionalism education in physical therapy, limitations of traditional reductionist notions of professionalism, and research in professionalism provides a framework for considering a multidimensional model of professionalism. By proposing a model that reconciles undermining dichotomies (such as evidence/value, individual/social, science/art, and clinical/professional), we can advance the development of alternative models of teaching professionalism. The professionalism curriculum of the future must be grounded in sound theory, a broad range of foundational and behavioral sciences, ongoing research, social values of justice and equity, a strong professional identity, and faculty committed to advancing the science and art of professionalism. It is an honor to have been selected to give the Pauline Cerasoli lecture because Polly Cerasoli was an extraordinary educator and person. I had the opportunity to meet Polly on several occasions, and others have described her professionalism as a teacher, administrator, and accreditation Team Leader. Polly lived out the meaning of professionalism and moral courage. I am grateful to the Cerasoli family for establishing this lectureship and to the Academy of Physical Therapy Educators for selecting me to present during this event named in her honor. Of course, I wish that we could be together for this event to share the rich interaction that comes with being together. However, we are fortunate be able to connect virtually. I am grateful to Texas Woman's University in Dallas and especially Dr. Ann Medley (Program Director) who was kind enough to provide the setting and technology support for this lecture. When I learned in 2019 that I had been selected for the honor of being the Polly Cerasoli lecturer, few people knew what 2020 would bring. What a year it was! Having come through the uncertain days of 2020, I have no doubt that ethics and professionalism are more important than ever.
High‐Resolution Anorectal Manometry—A Prospective Cohort Study in Healthy Infants
Authors: Gatzinsky Cathrine , Redfors Staffan , Borg Helena , Linnér Christina , Sillén Ulla , Sjöström Sofia 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTObjectives:Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGD) are common during early childhood. In severe defecation disorders, anorectal manometry (AM) is done to exclude aganglionosis. High‐resolution anorectal manometry (HRAM) can probably improve diagnostics but normative data in infants are scarce. This study aims to provide HRAM data in healthy infants overall and in subgroups of infants with FGD, defined as functional constipation (FC), infant colic (IC), and infant dyschezia (ID) (ROME 3 criteria).Methods:This prospective observational cohort study enrolled healthy term infants, having HRAM at 2 and 6 months, using a water‐perfused pediatric anorectal silicone catheter. Data were provided for presence of anorectal waves and recto anal inhibitory reflex (RAIR), volume needed to elicit RAIR and anal resting pressure (ARP). Questionnaires at 2 and 6 months identified subjects with FC, IC, and ID.Results:A total of 187 HRAM investigations were done in 107 infants, without any complications. Normal RAIR was found in all, at least on one occasion. Mean ARP increased between 2‐ and 6‐month investigations in infants without FGD. No other differences in HRAM data could be seen between infants with or without an FGD. At 2 months FC, IC, and ID were seen (2%, 4%, and 17%), whereas at 6 months only FC and ID were seen (7% and 1%).Conclusion:We can provide data on HRAM in infants at 2 and 6 months of age. When performing repeated HRAM in healthy infants, RAIR was found in all subjects. HRAM is safe, easy tolerable, and can be recommended in infants with or without FGD.
Parental Stress as the Mediator Between Symptom Burden and the Quality of Life of Chinese Children With Cancer
Authors: Lam Winsome , Leung Doris Y.P. , Li Su-Fang , Yi Yan-Zhi , Wang Hai-Xia , Zhou Li , Yin Yan , Chan Stephen C.W. , Chan Kitty Y.Y. , Ho Jacqueline M.C. , Wong Frances K.Y. 
Published: November 2021

Background
Because of their cancer and treatment adverse effects, most pediatric oncology patients will experience 1 or more symptoms at one time that can seriously affect their quality of life. Because these children are attached to parents, their symptom burden directly influences the parental stress level and parental interpretations of their children’s quality of life.

Objective
The aim of this study was to examine the association between child-reported symptom burden and the pediatric quality of life reported by children with cancer and their parents, and whether parental perceived stress mediates these relationships.

Methods
In a cross-sectional design, convenience sampling was used to recruit 80 parent-child dyads. Advanced statistical methods were adopted to analyze the mediating effects of parental stress between children’s symptom burden and their quality of life.

Results
The results revealed that parental stress was the mediator in the relationship between child-reported symptom burden and children’s quality of life reported by parents. The results also showed that parental stress was not a mediator in the relationship between child-reported symptom burden and their quality of life. This underscored the differences in interpretations of quality of life reported by children and their parents.

Conclusion
Children’s symptom burden is an important factor in predicting parental stress level and the quality of life reported by the children. Children’s voice should be incorporated whenever possible.

Implications for Practice
The knowledge gained from this study will facilitate intervention development to enhance parents’ abilities in stress management and symptom management for their children with the support of the nursing profession.
Wernicke Encephalopathy From Olfactory Dysfunction After COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Landzberg David Ross , Bery Ekta , Chico Suhasini , Koh Sookyong , Weissman Barbara 
Published: November 2021

Introduction:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected millions of people worldwide and is caused by infection from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 pathogen. While COVID-19 most commonly affects the respiratory system, multiple neurological complications have been associated with this pathogen. We report a case of Wernicke encephalopathy in a young girl with poor oral intake secondary to anosmia and dysgeusia after a COVID-19 infection.

Case Report:
After a recent infection of COVID-19, a 15-year-old girl developed an overwhelming noxious metallic tase resulting in a 30 lb weight loss from being unable to tolerate oral foods. She presented to the hospital 3 months later with bilateral horizontal conjugate gaze palsies, up beating vertical nystagmus, difficulty with limb coordination and gait ataxia. She was found to have a thiamine level of 51 nmol/L (reference range: 70 to 180 nmol/L) and her brain magnetic resonance imaging showed fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and diffusion-weighted imaging changes in the periaqueductal gray and dorsomedial thalami suggestive of Wernicke encephalopathy. She was started on parenteral thiamine replacement and had significant neurological improvement.

Conclusions:
As this pandemic continues to progress, more long-term neurological sequelae from COVID-19 such as Wernicke encephalopathy can be expected. Strong clinical suspicion for these complications is needed to allow for earlier diagnosis and faster treatment initiation.
Comparison of Oxidative and Hypoxic Stress Responsive Genes from Meta-Analysis of Public Transcriptomes
Authors: Suzuki Takayuki , Ono Yoko , Bono Hidemasa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAnalysis of RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data is an effective means to analyze the gene expression levels under specific conditions and discover new biological knowledge. More than 74000 experimental series with RNA-seq have been stored in public databases as of October 20, 2021. Since this huge amount of expression data accumulated from past studies is a promising source of new biological insights, we focused on a meta-analysis of 1783 runs of RNA-seq data under the conditions of two types of stresses: oxidative stress (OS) and hypoxia. The collected RNA-seq data of OS were organized as the OS dataset to retrieve and analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The OS-induced DEGs were compared with the hypoxia-induced DEGs retrieved from a previous study. The results from the meta-analysis of OS transcriptomes revealed two genes, CRIP1 and CRIP3, which were particularly downregulated, suggesting a relationship between OS and zinc homeostasis. The comparison between meta-analysis of OS and hypoxia showed that several genes were differentially expressed under both stress conditions, and it was inferred that the downregulation of cell cycle-related genes is a mutual biological process in both OS and hypoxia.
Autonomic dysfunction characterized by Heart Rate Variability among patients with Sepsis-related Acute Respiratory Failure
Authors: Krishnan Preethi , Marshall Curtis , Yang Philip , Bhavani Sivasubramanium V. , Holder Andre , Esper Annette , Kamaleswaran Rishikesan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRationaleTo explore the association and implications of using Heart rate variability (HRV) derived from continuous bedside monitoring as a surrogate for detection of Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) in critically ill sepsis patients.ObjectiveTo analyze HRV measures derived from continuous physiological data captured before ARF-onset to determine whether statistically significant markers can be characterized when compared to sepsis controls.MethodsRetrospective HRV analysis of sepsis patients admitted to Emory Healthcare ICUs was performed between ARF and age and gender-matched controls. HRV measures such as time domain, frequency domain, nonlinear, and complexity measures were analyzed up to 1 hour before the onset of ARF, and a random event time in the sepsis-controls. Statistical significance was computed by the Wilcoxon Rank Sum test.ResultsA total of 89 intensive care unit (ICU) patients with sepsis were included in this retrospective cohort study. Time-domain HRV measures including pNN50 (the fraction of consecutive NN intervals that differ by more than 50 ms), RMSSD (root-mean-square differences of successive NN intervals), standard deviation, interquartile range, variance, and approximate entropy for Beat-to-Beat intervals strongly distinguished ARF patients from the controls group. HRV measures for nonlinear and frequency domains were significantly altered (p<0.05) among sepsis patients with ARF compared to controls. Frequency measures such as low frequency (LF), very low frequency (VLF), high frequency (HF), and SD1/SD2 ratio nonlinear measure (SD1:SD2) also showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in the ARF group patients. Multiscale entropy complexity was lower for ARF patients compared to the control counterparts. Detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) showed a decreasing trend in ARF patients.ConclusionsHRV was significantly impaired across sepsis patients who developed ARF when compared to sepsis controls, indicating a potential prognostic utility for earlier identification of the need for mechanical ventilation and management of patients suspected with sepsis.
Are all Thermometers Equal? A Study of Three Infrared Thermometers to Detect Fever in an African Outpatient Clinic
Authors: Ravi Nirmal , Vithyananthan Mathura , Saidu Aisha Amira 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInfrared thermometry has certain advantages over traditional oral thermometry including quick, non-invasive administration and an absence of required consumables. This study compared the performance of tympanic, temporal artery and forehead contactless thermometers with traditional oral electronic thermometer in measuring temperature in outpatients in a Nigerian secondary care hospital. A convenience sample of 100 male and 100 female adult patients (Mean age= 38.46 years, SD= 16.33 years) were recruited from a secondary care hospital in Kano, Nigeria. Temperature measurements were taken from each patient using the tympanic, temporal artery and contactless thermometers and oral electronic thermometer. Data was analyzed to assess bias and limits using scatterplots and Bland-Altman charts while sensitivity analysis was done using ROC curves. The tympanic and temporal artery thermometers systematically gave higher temperature readings compared to the oral electronic thermometer. Contactless thermometer gave lower readings compared to the oral electronic thermometer. Temporal artery thermometer had the highest sensitivity (88%) and specificity (88%) among the three infrared thermometers. Contactless thermometer showed a low sensitivity of 13% to detect fever greater than 38°C. Our study shows that replacing oral thermometers with infrared thermometers must be done with caution despite the associated convenience and cost savings.
Impact of Norway spruce pre-degradation stages induced by G. trabeum on fungal and bacterial communities
Authors: Valette Nicolas , Legout Arnaud , Goodell Barry , Alfredsen Gry , Auer Lucas , Gelhaye Eric , Derrien Delphine 
Published: November 2021

SummaryIn forests ecosystems, fungi and bacteria are key actors in wood degradation. However, few studies have focused on the impact of fungal pre-degradationon bacterial and fungal communities. Coniferous forests are dominated by Brown rot fungi that are involved in earliest phase of lignocellulose breakdown, and therefore, influencing the second phase of microbial colonization. This study aimed to investigate the first microbial species colonizing after intermediate and advanced pre-degradation by the brown rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum. Using Illumina metabarcoding, bacterial and fungal communities were monitored after 70 days from Picea abies wood blocks placed between forest floor and topsoil. Chemical composition of the wood samples was determined for each of the pre-degradation stages. We observed significant changes in the bacterial and fungal communities associated with the pre-degradation of P. abies, and that wood substrate condition acted as a gatekeeper for both microbial communities. Our data also suggested that fungal and bacterial communities could interact and act in a synergistic way during the wood decomposition process.
ConvNets Develop Organizational Principles of the Visual Cortex when using Ganglion Cell-Based Sampling
Authors: da Costa Danny , Goebel Rainer , Senden Mario 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe distribution of retinal ganglion cells in primate visual systems portrays a densely distributed central region, with an incrementally decreasing cell density as the angle of visual eccentricity increases. This results in a non-uniform sampling of the retinal image that resembles a wheelbarrow distortion. We propose that this sampling gives rise to several organizational properties of the primate visual system, including cortical magnification, linear relationship between eccentricity and receptive field sizes, eccentricity-dependent drop-off in spatial-frequency preference, and radial bias. We test this hypothesis by training a convolutional neural network to classify the orientation of sine gratings and Gabor stimuli, resampled according to retinal ganglion cell distributions. Our simulations show that introducing this sampling step gives rise to the aforementioned organizational principles in convolutional layers while only minimally affecting their classification performance. This lends credence to the notion that the retinal ganglion cell distribution is an important factor for the emergence of these organizational principles in visual systems.
Neutralizing antibodies induced in immunized macaques recognize the CD4-binding site on an occluded-open HIV-1 envelope trimer
Authors: Yang Zhi , Dam Kim-Marie A. , Bridges Michael D. , Hoffmann Magnus A.G. , DeLaitsch Andrew T. , Gristick Harry B. , Escolano Amelia , Gautam Rajeev , Martin Malcolm A. , Nussenzweig Michel C. , Hubbell Wayne L. , Bjorkman Pamela J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBroadly-neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against HIV-1 Env can protect from infection. We characterize Ab1303 and Ab1573, heterologously-neutralizing CD4-binding site (CD4bs) antibodies, isolated from sequentially-immunized macaques. Ab1303/Ab1573 binding is observed only when Env trimers are not constrained in the closed, prefusion conformation. Fab-Env cryo-EM structures show that both antibodies recognize the CD4bs on Env trimer with an ‘occluded-open’ conformation between closed, as targeted by bNAbs, and fully-open, as recognized by CD4. The occluded-open Env trimer conformation includes outwardly-rotated gp120 subunits, but unlike CD4-bound Envs, does not exhibit V1V2 displacement, 4-stranded gp120 bridging sheet, or co-receptor binding site exposure. Inter-protomer distances within trimers measured by double electron-electron resonance spectroscopy suggest an equilibrium between occluded-open and closed Env conformations, consistent with Ab1303/Ab1573 binding stabilizing an existing conformation. Studies of Ab1303/Ab1573 demonstrate that CD4bs neutralizing antibodies that bind open Env trimers can be raised by immunization, thereby informing immunogen design and antibody therapeutic efforts.
Inhibition of BKCa channels protects neonatal hearts against myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury
Authors: Sanghvi Shridhar , Szteyn Kalina , Ponnalagu Devasena , Sridharan Divya , Lam Alexender , Hansra Inderjot , Chaudhury Ankur , Majumdar Uddalak , Kohut Andrew R. , Rao Shubha Gururaja , Khan Mahmood , Garg Vidu , Singh Harpreet 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBKCa channels are large-conductance calcium and voltage-activated potassium channels that are heterogeneously expressed in a wide array of cells. Activation of BKCa channels present in mitochondria of adult ventricular cardiomyocytes is implicated in cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. However, the BKCa channel’s activity has never been detected in the plasma membrane of adult ventricular cardiomyocytes. In this study, we report the presence of the BKCa channel in the plasma membrane and mitochondria of neonatal murine and rodent cardiomyocytes which protects the heart on inhibition but not activation. Furthermore, K+ currents measured in neonatal cardiomyocyte (NCM) was sensitive to iberiotoxin (IbTx), suggesting the presence of BKCa channels in the plasma membrane. Neonatal hearts subjected to IR when post-conditioned with NS1619 during reoxygenation increased the myocardial infarction whereas IbTx reduced the infarct size. In agreement, isolated NCM also presented increased apoptosis on treatment with NS1619 during hypoxia and reoxygenation, whereas IbTx reduced TUNEL positive cells. In NCMs, activation of BKCa channels increased the intracellular reactive oxygen species post HR injury. Electrophysiological characterization of NCMs indicated that NS1619 increased the beat period, field, and action potential duration, and decreased the conduction velocity and spike amplitude. In contrast, IbTx had no impact on the electrophysiological properties of NCMs. Taken together, our data established that inhibition of plasma membrane BKCa channels in the NCM protects neonatal heart/cardiomyocytes from IR injury. Furthermore, the functional disparity observed towards the cardioprotective activity of BKCa channels in adults compared to neonatal heart could be attributed to their differential localization.
Initial approach to the Conservation Genetics of the Guatemalan Beaded Lizard (Heloderma charlesbogerti): A route to genetic rescue
Authors: González Sergio , Schrei Thomas , Lock Brad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, samples from 33 Guatemalan Beaded Lizard (Heloderma charlesbogerti) were analyzed for genetic diversity. Twenty-three samples were obtained from wild individuals from two separate population areas, and 10 samples were obtained from captive individuals. Because the seasonally dry tropical forest habitat sampled for this study, is degraded and fragmented, it was hypothesized that beaded lizard populations were small and isolated and would be subject to genetic erosion and an elevated extinction risk. To test this hypothesis, eight microsatellite markers were employed to analyze 22 individual samples from the population of Cabañas, Zacapa, a single individual from the eastern-most population and 10 captive individuals of unknown origin. An average of three alleles per maker was reported for the Cabañas population, evidencing a low genetic diversity. In addition, a recent bottleneck event was detected and an effective population size of 19.6 was estimated. Demographic reconstruction using a Bayesian approach was inconclusive possibly due to a small dataset and shallow coalescence trees obtained with the generated data. No clear structuring pattern was detected for the Cabañas population and most samples from individuals in captivity were found to have similar alleles to the ones from Cabañas. Population designation is challenging without the genotyping of every wild population, but unique alleles were found in captive individuals of unknown origin that could suggest that different genotypes might exist within other, less studied, wild populations. Low genetic diversity, and a small effective population size represent a risk for the Cabañas population facing the threats of isolation, habitat loss and climate change. These findings suggest that genetic management of the Cabañas population might be utilized to avoid high rates of inbreeding and subsequent inbreeding depression.
Evaluating the heterogeneous effect of extended incubation to blastocyst transfer on the implantation outcome via causal inference
Authors: Kan-Tor Yoav , Srebnik Naama , Gavish Matan , Shalit Uri , Buxboim Amnon 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTIn IVF treatments, extended culture to single blastocyst-transfer is the recommended protocol over cleavage-stage transfer. However, evidence-based criteria for assessing the heterogeneous implications on implantation outcome are lacking. To estimate the causal effect of blastocyst-transfer on implantation outcome, we assembled a multicenter dataset of embryo time-lapse imaging. The data includes a natural source of randomness and has a strong claim for satisfying the assumptions needed for valid causal inference. By fitting a causal forest model, we assessed the ‘Transfer Lift’, which quantifies the probability difference in embryo implantation if transferred as a blastocyst versus cleavage-stage. Blastocyst transfer increased the average implantation rate, however we revealed a subpopulation of negative Transfer Lift embryos whose implantation potential is predicted to increase via cleavage-stage transfer. We provide day-of-transfer decision-support tools that are retrospectively estimated to improve implantation rate by 32%, thus demonstrating the efficacy of embryo-level causal inference in reproductive medicine.One Sentence SummaryA causal inference model predicts the heterogeneous effect of prolonged incubation to blastocyst transfer on embryo implantation, thus providing means for optimizing pregnancy rates in IVF treatments.