bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishment of regeneration, transformation, and genome editing procedures for a seed-propagated carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) variety
Authors: Li ZhongJian , Yagi Masafumi , Koyama Ryohei , Uno Yuichi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) are amongst the three most commercially valuable cut flowers worldwide. However, traditional breeding methods are often time-consuming and labor-intensive. Although genome editing is used as an alternative method for creating new varieties, the high heterozygosity of carnations inhibits the ability to maintain varietal characteristics in null segregants except for target-derived traits. The use of homozygous lines is a possible solution. Therefore, this study aimed to establish regeneration, transformation, and genome editing methods using seed-carnation varieties. The effects of four auxins (indole-3-butyric acid, IBA; a-naphthaleneacetic acid, NAA; 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4-D; and 3-indoleacetic acid, IAA) and five cytokinins (6-benzyladenine, BA; thidiazuron, TDZ; kinetin, KT; zeatin, ZT; and N6-2-isopentenyl adenine, 2IP) on callus and shoot induction were evaluated. The combination of 0.05 mg/l 2,4-D and 4 mg/l TDZ had the highest shoot formation rate at 28%. In addition, shoot hyperhydricity was reduced by increasing the size of culture vessels. Sucrose, agar, and AgNO3 concentrations, as well as pH, were optimized to facilitate regeneration. Hygromycin at 12.5 mg/l was subsequently used as the selection agent after Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Finally, the phytoene desaturase gene was knocked out using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The obtained albino shoot had a one-base deletion or two-base insertion in the genome sequence. To our knowledge, this is the first study to establish a system for genome editing of callus-derived shoots from a homozygous seed-propagated carnation, which may contribute to the rapid breeding of the new varieties.
Assessing the impact of safety interventions on open drug markets in a small Swedish municipality using synthetic control methods
Authors: Ceccato Vania , Jorge Marco Antonio , Gliori Gabriel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objectives
We analyze the impact of the “Stoppa droghandeln” (“Stop the drug trade”) program, a set of safety interventions aimed at reducing crime, particularly drug-related crimes, in a small Swedish municipality (Österåker) from 2018 to 2023.

Methods
We use a count-based synthetic control approach to compare police crime data before and after beginning the safety interventions (“Stop the drug trade”). This quasi-experimental design was used to infer the causal effects of “Stop the drug trade” on crime, using an evaluation framework including several robustness tests with different crime types. Cluster detection analysis was also used to monitor potential changes in the geography of open drug markets.

Results
In 2023, Österåker performed better than 82% of all Swedish municipalities for drug-related offenses. Estimates indicate that 3221 crimes were prevented in Österåker, including 589 less drug-related offenses. However, the non-significant p-values suggest that Österåker’s crime reduction did not outperform most other municipalities. While this could be due to other municipalities implementing their own interventions, the magnitude and consistency of the treatment effects across crime types in Österåker make it unlikely that these results occurred by chance. In terms of geography, clusters of drug-related offenses were stable, and after the interventions, they became more concentrated in particular places.

Conclusions
This study’s findings underscore the potential impact of a blend of social and situational crime prevention interventions to reduce drug-related offenses and other crimes in a small municipality. The Österåker case demonstrates that strategies should target specific types of crime and monitor possible shifts in crime concentration across different parts of the study area over time. The synthetic control method helped isolate the impact of safety interventions on drug-related crime, demonstrating its value as a tool for policy evaluation.
Are metacognition interventions in young children effective? Evidence from a series of meta-analyses
Authors: Eberhart Janina , Ingendahl Franziska , Bryce Donna 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A metacognitive learner acts in a planful way, monitors their progress, flexibly adapts their strategies, and reflects on their learning. Unsurprisingly, a metacognitive approach to learning is an important predictor of children’s academic performance and many attempts have been made to promote metacognition in young children. The current meta-analytic study evaluates the impact of such metacognition interventions on outcomes related to self-regulated learning and academic achievement in typically developing pre- and elementary school children. Structural, content-related, and methodological moderators were tested in this study including 349 effect sizes from 67 studies. An overall effectiveness of metacognition interventions was evidenced at immediate post-test g = 0.48 (95% CI [0.35, 0.61]), and at follow-up g = 0.29 (95% CI [0.17, 0.40]). Interestingly, metacognition interventions effectively enhanced children’s self-efficacy only at follow-up, suggesting that the positive impact of these interventions can unfold over a protracted period. For the first time, children’s executive functions were considered as outcome variables and results indicated a positive impact of metacognition interventions on these variables. One notable finding was that interventions that were delivered by teachers or task materials were more effective than interventions that were delivered by researchers for two outcomes related to self-regulated learning. This finding may reflect recent improvements in how teachers and researchers collaborate to develop intervention programs. The study supports and extends existing evidence that young learners benefit from metacognition interventions in myriad ways and provides novel insights relevant for pedagogical practice and theories of self-regulated learning.
State-of-the-Art Review: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Shah Tayyab , Fanaroff Alexander C. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose of the Review
This summarizes the major trials from the past year examining percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) strategies and adjunct therapies in myocardial infarction.

Recent Findings
Significant progress has been made in four areas: (1) mechanical circulatory support in acute myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock – trials demonstrate that a percutaneous left ventricular assist device provides a significant mortality benefit in select patients. (2) Timing and choice of complete revascularization in patients with MI without shock – trials support earlier complete revascularization during the index procedure or hospitalization. (3) Intravascular imaging – trials highlight that using optical coherence tomography or intravascular ultrasound yields superior outcomes compared to angiographic guidance alone. (4) Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (DAPT) timing – findings indicate that stopping DAPT earlier (within 1–3 months post-PCI) and transitioning to P2Y12 inhibitors is generally safe and effective.

Summary
Recent trials underscore the evolving role of advanced technologies and optimized timing in improving outcomes for MI patients, with a focus on individualized and evidence-based care strategies.
Mobility and community at Mesolithic Lake Onega, Karelia, north-west Russia: insights from strontium isotope analysis
Authors: Eckelmann Rebekka , Arppe Laura , Tarasov Alexey , Pospieszny Łukasz , Ackerman Lukáš , Heyd Volker , Gerasimov Dmitry , Moiseyev Vyacheslav , Fairbanks Vanessa , Hyland Corrie , Mannermaa Kristiina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the underlying mechanisms driving the formation of the largest known burial site of the Northern European Mesolithic, Yuzhniy Oleniy Ostrov (YOO). Radiogenic strontium isotope analysis (87Sr/86Sr) was used to identify group dynamics within the cemetery and examine the site’s place within local and supra-regional networks. The analysis of 57 humans and 31 animals was supported by the creation of an environmental baseline which identified four key geological zones and defines the strontium characteristics of Lake Onega. Only two individuals had strontium values indicating time spent outside of Lake Onega’s northern shores, where the majority of the burial population is likely to have resided. These results suggest that the YOO cemetery predominantly served as a burial place for those with semi-permanent residence in this area, with no significant evidence for gender-based relocation patterns indicative of patri- or matrilocal residency. However, materials seem to have travelled towards Lake Onega even over great distances and the presence of the two outlier individuals suggests these exchanges also involved long-distance travel of people. Our results align with an increasing number of studies that suggest a high degree of residential stability for Late Mesolithic foraging groups relying primarily on aquatic resources, yet simultaneously places the Lake Onega community within a wider Mesolithic communication network.
Effects of Web-Based Decision Aid to Support Cervical Cancer Screening Decision Among Young Working Women: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Chan Dorothy Ngo Sheung , Choi Kai Chow , So Winnie Kwok Wei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Young working women who devote most of their time to jobs and household chores may experience conflicts when faced with a cervical cancer screening decision. This study aimed to assess the acceptability and feasibility of a Web-based decision aid on cervical cancer screening by young working women, and to preliminarily examine the effects of the decision aid on the knowledge level, risk perception, decisional conflicts, screening decision and screening uptake.

Method
This was a pilot randomised controlled trial. A total of 158 working women aged 25–44 years who had not undergone cervical cancer screening in the past 3 years were recruited. The recruited women allocated to the intervention group received a Web-based decision aid with information about the Papanicolaou test and HPV test, whereas the control group received usual care, i.e. a fact sheet about a healthy living.

Results
A total of 138 of them (72 in the intervention group and 66 in the control group) completed the study and the screening uptake assessment. The intervention group showed greater improvement in the subscale scores and the overall scores for decisional conflicts (effect size, 0.71–0.90), and a statistical significantly larger proportion of the intervention group had undergone cervical cancer screening when compared to the control group (31.9% vs 6.1%). Most interviewees were satisfied with the intervention.

Conclusion
It was feasible and acceptable to implement the Web-based decision aid to young working women. The preliminary findings suggest that the decision aid could help to reduce decisional conflicts and encourage uptake of screening. Full-scale studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Trial Registration
This study was registered at the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number Registry (ISRCTN59163820) on 4 August 2022.
Generating fair, reliable, and accurate neuropsychological test norms for people with HIV in a low- or middle-income country
Authors: Gouse H. , Thomas K. G. F. , Masson C. J. , Henry M. , Joska J. A. , Cysique L. A. , Ling S. , Ye X. , Liu J. , Robbins R. N. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEffective neuropsychological assessment of people with HIV (PWH) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is hampered by the unavailability of adequate test norms. We aimed to: (1) develop demographically-corrected (regression-based) South African (SA) normative data for an HIV appropriate neuropsychological test battery for Xhosa home-language speakers; (2) compare the utility of those norms to that of (i) internal standardization norms and (ii) US test publisher norms; and (3) determine the criterion validity of the newly-developed norms. 114 controls and 102 demographically comparable Xhosa home-language people living with HIV completed a well-establised, standard HIV neuropsychological test battery assessing seven cognitive domains. Using a common performance metric (z-score), we compared control and PWH test performance and examined the extent to which the three different normative datasets embedded demographic effects e.g., education. Using internal standardization norms, analyses detected medium-sized correlations of overall test performance with age and education. Correlations were fully corrected for by the newly-developed demographically-corrected norms. Using demographically-corrected norms, PWH performed significantly more poorly than controls in five cognitive domains, whereas using internal standardization norms and test-publisher norms, PWH performed significantly more poorly than controls in one and two domains, respectively. Demographically-corrected norms estimated 43.1% of PWH were cognitively impaired; these estimates were 22.5% using test-publisher norms and 19.6% using internal standardization norms. Demographically-corrected SA norms were more sensitive to cognitive impairment in PWH than the other sets of norms. Expansion of this regression-based method to create population-appropriate norms will benefit research and clinical practice in LMICs.
Translating and Validating the Japanese Version of the Tolerance for Ambiguity Scale
Authors: Fujikawa Hirohisa , Ando Takayuki , Kondo Kayo , Hayashi Mikio 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Ambiguity is inherent in medicine, and tolerance for ambiguity (TFA) has recently been of substantial interest. Effective medical education for TFA requires a validated inventory; one validated measure in wide use is the seven-item TFA scale. In Japan, however, a tool for measuring TFA in undergraduate medical education has not been available. Here, we aimed to develop and validate the Japanese version of the TFA scale (J-TFA scale).

Methods
We translated the original English scale into Japanese following an international guideline. We then conducted a validation survey by distributing an online anonymous self-administered questionnaire to medical students at three medical schools in Japan. We assessed the structural validity and internal reliability of consistency of the scale.

Results
A total of 399 participants were included in our analysis. We used a split-half validation approach, with exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on the first half and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on the second. EFA indicated a two-factor structure. CFA showed that the two-factor structure suggested by EFA had acceptable model fitness indices. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.72, exceeding the satisfactory internal reliability consistency criteria.

Conclusions
The J-TFA scale was developed and its psychometric properties were confirmed. This instrument may be useful for future educational interventions and research on TFA.
Global Insights on Insecticide Use in Forest Systems: Current Use, Impacts and Perspectives in a Changing World
Authors: Leroy Benjamin M. L. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The perception of forests has evolved from mere timber sources to multifunctional ecosystems that support biodiversity and provide essential ecosystem services. Nevertheless, insecticides remain crucial in many forestry systems facing intensifying insect outbreaks and invasions. This review examines recent literature on insecticide use in forestry worldwide, aiming to identify major use patterns, environmental impacts, and emerging alternatives to foster sustainable pest management.

Recent Findings
The need for alternatives to chemical control is globally recognized, driven by environmental impacts and increasingly strict regulatory frameworks. Recent studies using next-generation sequencing suggest that insecticides can have complex, indirect effects on animal community structures, underscoring the importance of in situ community-wide assessments. Bioinsecticides have been extensively tested, but their effectiveness is strongly dependent on environmental conditions. Advances in functional genomics, nanomaterials, and application technologies suggest that direct control tactics compatible with conservation goals may become achievable.

Summary
Four major use patterns were identified: (1) aerial applications against defoliators; (2) tree-level prophylactic applications against endophagous insects; (3) toxic baits against eusocial pests; and (4) seedling protection in nurseries and reforestation sites. Although insecticide use is influenced by management intensity, integrated pest management (IPM) is widely implemented across forestry systems. Insecticides are generally used sparingly but still play a critical role as last-resort suppression tactics against severe outbreaks. This complicates the search for alternatives, as reduced-risk compounds often lack the efficacy needed for this niche. The scope of ecological impact assessments vary, focusing on natural enemies in intensive systems, and increasingly including wider communities in multifunctional forests. There is a pressing need for protocols that assess both economic and ecological trade-offs at the community level to integrate future technologies, such as molecular control and nanoinsecticides, into IPM strategies.
Spatial-temporal initialization dilemma: towards realistic visual tracking
Authors: Liu Chang , Yuan Yongsheng , Chen Xin , Lu Huchuan , Wang Dong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we first investigate the phenomenon of the spatial-temporal initialization dilemma towards realistic visual tracking, which may adversely affect tracking performance. We summarize the aforementioned phenomenon by comparing differences of the initialization manners in existing tracking benchmarks and in real-world applications. The existing tracking benchmarks provide offline sequences and the expert annotations in the initial frame for trackers. However, in real-world applications, a tracker is often initialized by user annotations or an object detector, which may provide rough and inaccurate initialization. Moreover, annotation from the external feedback also introduces extra time costs while the video stream will not pause for waiting. We select four representative trackers and conduct full performance comparison on popular datasets with simulated initialization to intuitively describe the initialization dilemma of the task. Then, we propose a simple compensation framework to address this dilemma. The framework contains spatial-refine and temporal-chasing modules to mitigate performance degradation caused by the initialization dilemma. Furthermore, the proposed framework can be compatible with various popular trackers without retraining. Extensive experiments verify the effectiveness of our compensation framework.
Braidwood Management Inc. v. Becerra: Is There a Violation of the Article II Appointments Clause?
Authors: Curfman Gregory , Boumil Marcia M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSince 1984, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) has issued recommendations to the public regarding preventive health services. The recommendations have substantially benefited public health. With the passage of the Affordable Care Act in 2010, recommendations assigned the highest ratings (A and B) must be covered by most private health insurers without consumer cost-sharing. This statutory requirement has been challenged in Braidwood Management Inc. v. Becerra, a case centered on the plaintiffs’ argument that USPSTF members are officers of the United States but were not appointed in accordance with the Appointments Clause of the Constitution. The Appointments Clause requires that principal officers of the United States must be appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. This article contends that members of the USPSTF are not principal officers of the United States, but instead serve as advisors to Congress in making preventive health recommendations. Congress established the coverage policy, not the USPSTF members. On this basis, the defendants should prevail in the case, but if they do not, the court should apply severability to permit the Secretary of Health and Human Services to directly oversee the USPSTF in the assignment of ratings for preventive health recommendations. The important work of the USPSTF should not be abridged.
Don’t Forget About Adolescence: How the Braidwood Litigation Can Shape Access to Mental Health Services and Adolescent Development
Authors: Singh Sabrina 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCurrently, the Affordable Care Act helps to provide inexpensive preventive care services to adolescents (10–19 years old) by preventing insurance companies from implementing cost-sharing measures. Some of these services can fall under the realm of mental health preventive care such as anxiety and depression testing. The lack of cost to a patient and their family encourages doctors to offer these services to their young patients. Furthermore, this Affordable Care Act provision - fosters doctor-patient communication because it normalizes mental health services as part of well-being. However, Braidwood Management Inc. v. Becerra threatens to have far reaching implications for preventive care policy and to disrupt health communication efforts to promote positive mental health. This Article uses structuration theory and a conceptual framework of adolescent development to examine the potential ramifications of cost-sharing on adolescent health. The implications of this change in cost-sharing include constraining doctors’ communication behavior in primary care settings and stunting healthy adolescent development. Ultimately, if the Braidwood decision is upheld, it may pose a challenge to a doctor’s ability to communicate with their young patient about mental health.
Factors associated with inappropriate urine culture orders in hospitalized patients with indwelling urinary catheters
Authors: Azzam Ramez , Nicolsen Nicole C. , Pierce Jacob W. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Urine cultures ordered for patients with indwelling urinary catheters might lead to reporting of non-clinically significant catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) or asymptomatic bacteriuria to the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN). We examined factors associated with inappropriate urine cultures orders leading to reporting of non-clinically significant CAUTIs to NHSN.