bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Shorea species based on leaf morphological character with multivariate analysis
Authors: Rangkuti A B , Susilowati A , Arinah H , Irmayanti L , Siregar I Z , Siregar U J 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Shorea is one of the largest genera of the Dipterocarpaceae family that dominates Indonesian forests. This genus has an essential role in meeting the supply of wood, both at home and abroad. There are 194 species of shorea in the tropics. However, there is a high degree of similarity between one species and another, making it difficult to identify it. This study aims to estimate the variation of leaf morphology among 6 species of shorea at PT. Reki using multivariate analysis. Multivariate analysis is a statistical technique for analyzing data with a large number of variables. PCA (Principal component analysis), Biplot, and Manova were the three species of multivariate analysis used in this study. The results of PCA analysis showed that the variables of leaf elongation (PR), lamina length (PL) and leaf width to the base of the leaf (LP) had a strong relationship so that they could be used as a differentiator for the 6 shorea species. Biplot analysis showed that Shorea parvifolia, Shorea acuminata and Shorea leprosula had high similarities. It is also indicated by the leaves of the three species, which are more round in shape. The results of the Manova analysis showed a significant value <0.005, which means that all the variables tested have differences from one another. Shorea acuminata and Shorea leprosula have high similarity, and it is also indicated by the leaves of the three species, which are more round in shape.
Use of biopolybag from tapioca starch and sawdust waste
Authors: Risnasari I , Nuryawan A , Delvian  , Sekali Y S K 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
One alternative to overcome the weakness of polybags, namely creating plastic waste, is the use of biodegradable polybags (biopolybags) that are easily degraded so that they can be planted directly without having to be opened and disposed of. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of comparison between tapioca starch and sawdust pulp on mechanical properties, plant height and diameter growth, and soil chemical properties. The analysis used in this research is a tensile test using ASTM D638 2005 standard, elongation (elongation at break), elasticity (young’s modulus), and water absorption using SNI. The comparison of tapioca starch and sawdust pulp had a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the tensile strength and elongation tests, and had no significant effect on the elasticity.
Study morphology of loquat plants (Eriobotrya Japonica Lindl.) from Karo, Dairi, and Simalungun Districts, North Sumatra
Authors: Elimasni  , Nasution R A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Abstrak. Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) is a flowering plant that belongs to the Rosacea family. The loquat has many health benefits. Cultivation and information about loquat plants in Indonesia are still limited, so they are rarely found and known by the public. Limited information and data regarding loquat plants is also an obstacle to the development of loquat plants. Research on loquat plants aims to analyze the morphological characters in three districts, namely, Karo, Dairi, and Simalungun districts. This research was conducted using a descriptive method. The analysis of the morphological characteristics of loquat plants using morphological data scoring into binary data. The similarity between individuals was analyzed using clusters with the NTSYS program version 2.0 with the UPGMA method of the SimQual function. Morphological Observation Results Loquat plants (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) in Karo, Dairi, and Simalungun Districts have uniform characters in the morphology of stems, leaves, and flowers. However, the observed fruit and seed morphology showed different characters. Different characters exist in the shape of the fruit and seeds. The morphological similarity level of loquat plants was grouped at a similarity coefficient value of 95%. Clusters I and II have the highest similarity with a coefficient value of 100%. Cluster III has the lowest similarity with a coefficient value of 97%.
The influence of the duration of the “subjective day” under intermittent LED lighting on the daily rhythm of oviposition and the productivity of hens
Authors: Kavtarashvili Alexey , Gladin Dmitry 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Lighting is the key factor affecting oviposition time. The oviposition time is directly related to ovulation, which occurs 5 hours after reaching the peak concentration of luteinizing hormone in the blood, which depends on the lighting regime. This paper studies the impact of the “subjective day” duration under intermittent LED lighting on the daily rhythm of oviposition and the productivity of hens of the productive flocks of cross SP-789. The “subjective day” lasted 16 hours per day for group 1, 15 h for group 2, 14 h for group 3 and 13 h for group 4. It was established that the shorter the duration of the “subjective day”, the earlier the hens begin and finish laying. So, in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, hens began laying eggs at 4 a.m., 3 a.m., 2 a.m., and 1 a.m. and ended at 6 p.m., 4 p.m., 4 p.m., and 3 p.m. with an average time of laying eggs of 8.67; 7.36; 5.36 and 5.27 h, respectively. In groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 the livability of hens, weight of eggs, egg production and yield of egg weight per the initial laying hen, feed consumption for 10 eggs and 1 kg of egg weight were 98.0, 97.0, 99.0, 99.0%; 60.0, 59.9, 60.4, 59.7 g; 123.9, 124.1, 130.3, 126.1 pcs, 7.48, 7.47, 7.97, 7.63 kg; 1.37, 1.36, 1.32, 1.36, and 2.28, 2.26, 2.18, 2.26 kg, respectively.
Determination of biologically active compounds (costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone) in the leaves of some forms of laurel noble (sweet bay)
Authors: Nasukhova N M , Konovalov D A , Orobinskaya V N , Galdin E V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Laurel noble (sweet bay) leaves are widely used for food (aromatic seasoning, preservative) and medicinal (antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective) purposes. The plant is actively cultivated and has many ecological forms. The main sesquiterpene lactones in laurel leaves are costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone. The content of these substances varies significantly depending on the ecological-geographical, climatic, edaphic and other factors. Several methods have been developed and used to quantify these sesquiterpene lactones in laurel leaves. They differ significantly in the cost of equipment and materials required for research, the duration of the analysis, economic costs, and the accuracy of the results. The article presents the results of studying the content of costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone in the leaves of some forms of sweet bay, cultivated on the southern coast of the Crimean Peninsula using capillary electrophoresis methods, reliably confirmed by the results of HPLC analysis of the leaves of the studied forms of sweet bay. Studies have shown that both methods give comparable results. At the same time, the HPLC method is characterized by a higher accuracy of results and a lower determination error, and the method of capillary electrophoresis allows a study to be carried out with lower economic costs using simpler methods. Both methods are pharmacopoeial and are recommended for the standardization of medicinal plant materials.
3D bioprinting of tissue units with mesenchymal stem cells, retaining their proliferative and differentiating potential, in polyphosphate-containing bio-ink
Authors: Neufurth Meik , Wang Shunfeng , Schröder Heinz C , Al-Nawas Bilal , Wang Xiaohong , Müller Werner E G 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The three-dimensional (3D)-printing processes reach increasing recognition as important fabrication techniques to meet the growing demands in tissue engineering. However, it is imperative to fabricate 3D tissue units, which contain cells that have the property to be regeneratively active. In most bio-inks, a metabolic energy-providing component is missing. Here a formulation of a bio-ink is described, which is enriched with polyphosphate (polyP), a metabolic energy providing physiological polymer. The bio-ink composed of a scaffold (N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan), a hydrogel (alginate) and a cell adhesion matrix (gelatin) as well as polyP substantially increases the viability and the migration propensity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). In addition, this ink stimulates not only the growth but also the differentiation of MSC to mineral depositing osteoblasts. Furthermore, the growth/aggregate pattern of MSC changes from isolated cells to globular spheres, if embedded in the polyP bio-ink. The morphogenetic activity of the MSC exposed to polyP in the bio-ink is corroborated by qRT-PCR data, which show a strong induction of the steady-state-expression of alkaline phosphatase, connected with a distinct increase in the expression ratio between RUNX2 and Sox2. We propose that polyP should become an essential component in bio-inks for the printing of cells that retain their regenerative activity.
Speleothem records of monsoon interannual-interdecadal variability through the Holocene
Authors: Parker Sarah E , Harrison Sandy P , Braconnot Pascale 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Modern observations show considerable interannual to interdecadal variability in monsoon precipitation. However, there are few reconstructions of variability at this timescale through the Holocene, and there is therefore less understanding of how changes in external forcing might have affected monsoon variability in the past. Here, we reconstruct the evolution of the amplitude of interannual to interdecadal variability (IADV) in the East Asian, Indian and South American monsoon regions through the Holocene using a global network of high-resolution speleothem oxygen isotope (δ
18O) records. We reconstruct changes in IADV for individual speleothem records using the standard deviation of δ
18O values in sliding time windows after correcting for the influence of confounding factors such as variable sampling resolution, growth rates and mean climate. We then create composites of IADV changes for each monsoon region. We show that there is an overall increase in δ
18O IADV in the Indian monsoon region through the Holocene, with an abrupt change to present-day variability at ∼2 ka. In the East Asian monsoon, there is an overall decrease in δ
18O IADV through the Holocene, with an abrupt shift also seen at ∼2 ka. The South American monsoon is characterised by large multi-centennial shifts in δ
18O IADV through the early and mid-Holocene, although there is no overall change in variability across the Holocene. Our regional IADV reconstructions are broadly reproduced by transient climate-model simulations of the last 6 000 years. These analyses indicate that there is no straightforward link between IADV and changes in mean precipitation, or between IADV and orbital forcing, at a regional scale.
The influence of radiation flux in Northwest Pacific on the Western Pacific warm pools and typhoons over the past 170 years
Authors: Bo-yu Chai , Feng Xu , Jian-jun Xu , Li-guo Han , Si-Qi Chen , Ya-jie LI , Qian-qian JI , Jin-yi Yang , Shao-jing Zhang , Jia-jing LI 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Based on various statistical methods and empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, this study analyzes the correlation of radiation flux of Northwest Pacific in the 100 years scale with the western Pacific warm pool and typhoon development. The key results are as follows. First, the surface downwelling longwave radiation (SDLR) received by key areas in Northwest Pacific significantly increased over the past 170 years. The surface downwelling shortwave radiation (SDSR) decreased, and TOA (Top of Atmosphere) incident shortwave radiation (TISR) slightly fluctuated and increased in the 11a (11 years) period. Second, there was the strongest correlation between the Western Pacific warm pool and SDLR, and both increased continuously. Third, since 1945, there has been a tendency of increasing after decreasing in the annual frequency and the share of severe typhoons, and the formation area distribution of typhoons has turned more even. Taking 1998 as a cut-off point, before 1998, there was no obvious correlation between the strong typhoon frequency and SDLR. However, such correction became stronger after 1998. They were affected by the changes of SDLR, SDSR, TISR, vapor, vorticity, vertical velocity, SST and h
100. Forth, the SDLR and TISR are major factors influencing the Western Pacific warm pool, typhoon motion and other varieties. While SDLR mainly increases in the tropical areas, TISR tends to fluctuate and increase slightly. Their changes are consistent with the change general characteristics of strengthening of typhoon.
A Colorado-specific life cycle assessment model to support evaluation of low-carbon transportation fuels and policy
Authors: Somers Michael , Batan Liaw , Al-Alawi Baha , Bradley Thomas H 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The transportation sector accounts for over 20 percent of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Colorado which without intervention will grow to over 30 million metric tons (MMT) of GHG emissions per year. This study seeks to develop a specific characterization of the Colorado fuel and transportation system using a customized life cycle assessment (LCA) model. The model (CO-GT) was developed as an analytical tool to define Colorado’s 2020 baseline life cycle GHG emissions for the transportation sector, and to examine Colorado-specific pathways for GHG reductions through fuel types and volumes changes that might be associated with a state clean fuel standard (CFS). By developing a LCA of transportation fuels that is specific to the state of Colorado’s geography, fleet makeup, policies, energy sector and more, these tools can evaluate various proposals for the transition towards a more sustainable state transportation system. The results of this study include a quantification of the Colorado-specific roles of clean fuels, electricity, extant policies, and fleet transition in projections of the state’s 2030 transportation sector GHG emissions. Relative to a 2020 baseline, electrification of the vehicle fleet is found to reduce state-wide lifecycle GHG emissions by 7.7 MMT CO2e by 2030, and a model CFS policy able to achieve similar reductions in the carbon intensity of clean fuels as was achieved by California in the first 10 years of its CFS policies is found to only reduce state-wide lifecycle GHG emissions by 0.2 MMT CO2e by 2030. These results illustrate the insensitivity of Colorado’s transportation fleet GHG emissions reductions to the presence of CFS policies, as proposed to date.
Processed meat consumption and the risk of incident late-onset depression: a 12-year follow-up of the Salus in Apulia Study
Authors: Lampignano Luisa , Sardone Rodolfo , D’Urso Francesca , Altamura Mario , Piccininni Carla , Griseta Chiara , Bortone Ilaria , Castellana Fabio , Zupo Roberta , Donghia Rossella , Guerra Vito , Resta Emanuela , Cisternino Annamaria , Caruso Maria Gabriella , Daniele Antonio , De Pergola Giovanni , Bellomo Antonello , Boeing Heiner , Giannelli Gianluigi , Panza Francesco , Lozupone Madia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
the possible relationship between dietary habits and the incidence of late-onset depression (LOD), defined as first depression onset at later age, is unclear.

Objective
to investigate the relationship between consumption of different food groups and incident LOD.

Design
longitudinal population-based study with a 12-year follow-up.

Setting
Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy.

Subjects
five hundred and forty-six older subjects from the Salus in Apulia Study.

Methods
baseline data were recorded in 2003–06, and diagnostic data were recorded in 2013–18 at follow-up. Dietary intake was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. Depressive disorders were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders. Subjects who already suffered from depression or other psychiatric disorders at baseline were excluded from the analysis. The association between LOD and single dietary determinants was examined by Cox regression analysis and then applying the hazard ratio (HR).

Results
subjects with incident LOD (n = 34) had lower global cognition and total cholesterol levels and a higher body mass index (BMI) at baseline. Only processed meat significantly increased the risk of incident LOD of about 10% by 5 g/day intake (HR adjusted for age, sex, education, multimorbidity and BMI: 1.13, 95% confidence intervals: 1.04–1.22). A similar relationship was found for single foods in the processed meat food group such as sausages, salami and mortadella and baked ham, but not for raw ham.

Conclusions
in midlife, a higher intake of processed meat was not only associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular- and metabolic-related chronic diseases in older age but also with an increased risk of developing LOD.
Adipose Collagen Fragment: A Novel Adipose-Derived Extracellular Matrix Concentrate for Skin Filling
Authors: Zhang Yuchen , Zhang Xiangdong , Jin Xiaoxuan , Zhang Pan , Liu Kaiyang , Yao Yao , Ru Jiangjiang , Li Yibao , Xu Mimi , Lu Feng , He Yunfan , Gao Jianhua 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Skin filler is an option for treating skin aging and wrinkles; however, currently used fillers are limited by poor biocompatibility, rapid degradation, and possible hypersensitivity reactions. Autologous adipose tissue–derived products have been recognized as promising options for skin rejuvenation.

Objectives
This study aimed to develop a novel adipose-derived product for skin filling.

Methods
Adipose collagen fragment (ACF) was prepared through pulverization, filtration, and centrifugation. The macrography, structure, types of collagen, and cell viability of ACF were evaluated by immunostaining, western blotting, and cell culture assays. ACF, nanofat, and phosphate-buffered saline (9 spots/side, 0.01 mL/spot) were intradermally injected in the dorsal skin of 36 female BALB/c nude mice; the skin filling capacity and the collagen remodeling process were then investigated. Twenty-one female patients with fine rhytides in the infraorbital areas were enrolled and received clinical applications of ACF treatment. Therapeutic effects and patients’ satisfaction scores were recorded.

Results
The mean [standard deviation] yield of ACF from 50 mL of Coleman fat was 4.91 [0.25] mL. ACF contained nonviable cells and high levels of collagen I, collagen IV, and laminin. Fibroblasts and procollagen significantly increased in ACF and ACF-treated dermis (P &lt; 0.05). Overall, 85.7% of patients were satisfied with the therapy results, and no infections, injection site nodules, or other unwanted side effects were observed.

Conclusions
ACF significantly improved dermal thickness and collagen synthesis and may serve as a potential autologous skin filler.
Genistein regulates adipogenesis by blocking the function of adenine nucleotide translocase-2 in the mitochondria
Authors: Ikeda Takahiro , Watanabe Shun , Mitani Takakazu 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Genistein exerts antiadipogenic effects, but its target molecules remain unclear. Here, we delineated the molecular mechanism underlying the antiadipogenic effect of genistein. A pulldown assay using genistein-immobilized beads identified adenine nucleotide translocase-2 as a genistein-binding protein in adipocytes. Adenine nucleotide translocase-2 exchanges ADP/ATP through the mitochondrial inner membrane. Similar to the knockdown of adenine nucleotide translocase-2, genistein treatment decreased ADP uptake into the mitochondria and ATP synthesis. Genistein treatment and adenine nucleotide translocase-2 knockdown suppressed adipogenesis and increased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase. Adenine nucleotide translocase-2 knockdown reduced the transcriptional activity of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β, whereas AMP-activated protein kinase inhibition restored the suppression of adipogenesis by adenine nucleotide translocase-2 knockdown. These results indicate that genistein interacts directly with adenine nucleotide translocase-2 to suppress its function. The downregulation of adenine nucleotide translocase-2 reduces the transcriptional activity of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase, which consequently represses adipogenesis.
RiboReport - benchmarking tools for ribosome profiling-based identification of open reading frames in bacteria
Authors: Gelhausen Rick , Müller Teresa , Svensson Sarah L , Alkhnbashi Omer S , Sharma Cynthia M , Eggenhofer Florian , Backofen Rolf 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Small proteins encoded by short open reading frames (ORFs) with 50 codons or fewer are emerging as an important class of cellular macromolecules in diverse organisms. However, they often evade detection by proteomics or in silico methods. Ribosome profiling (Ribo-seq) has revealed widespread translation in genomic regions previously thought to be non-coding, driving the development of ORF detection tools using Ribo-seq data. However, only a handful of tools have been designed for bacteria, and these have not yet been systematically compared. Here, we aimed to identify tools that use Ribo-seq data to correctly determine the translational status of annotated bacterial ORFs and also discover novel translated regions with high sensitivity. To this end, we generated a large set of annotated ORFs from four diverse bacterial organisms, manually labeled for their translation status based on Ribo-seq data, which are available for future benchmarking studies. This set was used to investigate the predictive performance of seven Ribo-seq-based ORF detection tools (REPARATION_blast, DeepRibo, Ribo-TISH, PRICE, smORFer, ribotricer and SPECtre), as well as IRSOM, which uses coding potential and RNA-seq coverage only. DeepRibo and REPARATION_blast robustly predicted translated ORFs, including sORFs, with no significant difference for ORFs in close proximity to other genes versus stand-alone genes. However, no tool predicted a set of novel, experimentally verified sORFs with high sensitivity. Start codon predictions with smORFer show the value of initiation site profiling data to further improve the sensitivity of ORF prediction tools in bacteria. Overall, we find that bacterial tools perform well for sORF detection, although there is potential for improving their performance, applicability, usability and reproducibility.