bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health Care Market: Trend - COVID-19
Authors: Davydovich Anna , Shmeleva T. 
Published: October 2021

The article considers the trends in the development of the medical services market in the Krasnodar Territory in the conditions of the spread of coronavirus infection, analyzes their impact on the activities of primary medical organizations, presents the development directions of the medical services market in the region in the conditions of the spread of COVID-19.
Based on the results of the sociological study, trends in the development of the medical services market in the region in the context of the spread of coronavirus infection were identified: the introduction of new methods for diagnosing coronavirus infection (CT, tests), repurposing, hiring (reducing) medical personnel, refurbishing (refurbishing) a medical organization, treating patients with COVID-19, changing the financial situation of primary medical organizations, expanding the list of medical services. The directions of development of the market of medical services of the region in conditions of COVID-19 distribution are proposed.
The purpose of the study is to determine the direction of development of the medical services market in the Krasnodar Territory in the conditions of the spread of COVID-19.
The achievement of the goal of the study predetermined the setting and consistent solution of the following interrelated tasks:
	according to the results of a sociological study, highlight trends in the development of the medical services market in the Krasnodar Territory in the conditions of the spread of coronavirus infection;
	analyze the impact of trends on primary health care organizations in the region;
	to offer directions for the development of the medical services market of the Krasnodar Territory in the conditions of the spread of coronavirus infection.
When compiling a review of literary sources on the topic of the study, the method of content analysis was applied. Analytical results of the assessment of trends in the development of the medical services market in the Krasnodar Territory in the context of the spread of COVID-19 were obtained using statistical and sociological methods of research - a survey and questionnaire of representatives of medical organizations of the primary level of the region.
The results obtained during the study will be useful in the development of strategic documents and initiatives for the development of the medical services market in the Krasnodar Territory in the conditions of COVID-19 distribution.
Industry Networks and the Geography of Firm Behavior
Authors: Grieser William , LeSage James , Zekhnini Morad 
Published: October 2021

Using a network approach that circumvents well-known challenges in estimating peer effects, we show that interactions with a firm’s geographic neighbors play a significant causal role in corporate investment behavior and a modest role in financial policies and firm performance. Moreover, these geography network effects are almost entirely driven by propagation effects through product market and supply chain networks. We corroborate our findings in a quasi-experimental framework that allows for spillovers in treatment effects. Our findings help rationalize industrial clusters (e.g., Silicon Valley), as they illustrate that agglomeration economies are substantial and operate predominantly within industry boundaries. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, finance.
Proximal contact tightness for Class II direct composite resin restorations: a literature review
Authors: Hinton Oliver 
Published: October 2021

This article reviews the literature regarding factors that affect proximal contact tightness (PCT) when restoring Class II cavities with direct composite resin. The PCT between two adjacent teeth is an important factor in maintaining oral health by ensuring that tooth positions remain stable, food is deflected away during mastication, dental papillae are maintained and to facilitate hygienic cleaning. If open contacts are created, there is a greater chance that the patient will experience periodontal problems or caries. Using sectional matrix systems with separation rings, and using materials with less polymerization shrinkage are effective methods to increase PCT and create significantly tighter contacts compared with using circumferential matrix systems. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Understating the clinical factors that affect proximal contact tightness between adjacent teeth is important to achieve optimal contacts in direct composite resin restorations to maintain oral health.
Perceptions of ethical dilemmas in Australian paramedicine
Authors: Kirsty Shearer , Thomas Matthew , Signal Tania 
Published: October 2021

Background: Paramedics experience a range of ethical dilemmas in the course of their work. To date, ethical dilemmas by Australian paramedics have not been documented. With the scope of practice becoming increasingly complex, paramedic education may not have evolved to meet holistic professional demands. Aim: To describe the ethical dilemmas experienced by contemporary Australian paramedics. Methods: An online survey, based on a previous instrument, was used to explore a range of ethical dilemmas. Findings: Paramedics face a range of ethical dilemmas in their everyday practice. While several demographic variables were associated with different perceptions, the results of this study highlight that a paramedic's years of experience is most consistently associated with their perception of ethical dilemmas. Conclusion: Australian paramedics experience a range of ethical dilemmas consistent with previous international findings. Years of experience in the profession features heavily and is relied upon more so than education, suggesting that educational approaches to ethics education in paramedicine need to be reconsidered.
The role of scapular dyskinesis on rotator cuff tears: a narrative review of the current knowledge
Authors: Teixeira Diana Cabral , Alves Luís , Gutierres Manuel 
Published: October 2021

Scapular dyskinesis can be present in healthy individuals as in patients with shoulder pathology. Altered patterns of scapular kinematics can cause or exacerbate rotator cuff tear pathology. However, more research is needed. Regardless of the cause or the consequence of rotator cuff tear, scapular dyskinesis impairs shoulder function, worsens the symptoms, and compromises the success of clinical intervention. The available literature suggests physical therapy as the first treatment for degenerative cuff tears, and scapular dyskinesis should be addressed if present. Non-responsive cases or traumatic tears may require surgery. Postsurgical physical therapy protocols after rotator cuff repair must consider scapular dyskinesia to improve the outcomes. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:932-940. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.210043
MISIRoot: A Robotic, Minimally Invasive, in Situ Imaging System for Plant Root Phenotyping
Authors: Qiu Wei , Jin Jian 
Published: October 2021

HighlightsA non-destructive, in situ, and low-cost root phenotyping system was developed.The system can collect color images and 3D cloud points of corn roots in soil.When tested in a greenhouse, the scanning process did not cause significant disturbance of corn plants.The results showed significant differences in root growth for different watering treatments and growth stages.Abstract. Plant root phenotyping technologies play an important role in breeding, plant protection, and other plant science research projects. Root phenotyping researchers urgently need technologies that are low-cost, in situ, non-destructive to roots, and suitable for the natural soil environment. Many recently developed root phenotyping methods, such as minirhizotron, X-CT, and MRI scanners, have unique advantages in observing plant roots, but they also have disadvantages and cannot meet all the critical requirements simultaneously. This study focused on the development of a new plant root phenotyping robot, called MISIRoot, that is minimally invasive and works in situ in natural soil. The MISIRoot system mainly consists of an industrial-level robotic arm, a miniature camera with lighting, a plant pot holding platform, and image processing software for root recognition and feature extraction. MISIRoot can acquire high-resolution color images of roots in soil with minimal disturbance to the roots and measure the roots’ three-dimensional (3D) structure with an accuracy of 0.1 mm. In tests, well-watered and drought-stressed groups of corn plants were measured with MISIRoot at the V3, V4, and V5 growth stages. The system successfully acquired RGB color images of the roots and 3D point cloud data containing the locations of the detected roots. The plants measured with MISIRoot and the plants not measured (control) were carefully compared with the results from a hyperspectral imaging facility (reference). No significant differences were found between the two groups of plants at different growth stages. Keywords: 3D point cloud, Low-cost phenotyping, Minimally invasive root measurement, Plant root phenotyping, Robotic arm application, Root imaging.
Modeling Soil Forces on a Rotary Tine Tool in Artificial Soil
Authors: Kshetri Safal , Steward Brian L , Tekeste Mehari Z 
Published: October 2021

HighlightsA mathematical model of soil reaction forces on a rotary tine tool was developed.Soil bin experiments using artificial soil enabled observation of soil failure due to soil-tine interaction.The model-predicted forces were similar to experimentally measured forces.Abstract. Understanding soil-tool interaction can enable better control of weeding tools to achieve higher weeding efficacy. The interaction between a vertical tine (mounted on a rotating disc) and soil was investigated using a mathematical model that estimated soil horizontal forces on the tine operating at different linear and rotational velocities. The kinematics associated with the linear and rotational velocities of the rotary tine tool were modeled, and the shearing and inertial forces were estimated. To evaluate model performance with different experimental factors, two sets of soil bin experiments were conducted using an artificial soil: with one tine to estimate model parameters and with two tines 180° apart. Experimental factors were longitudinal velocity (travel speed) at three levels (0.09, 0.29, and 0.5 m s-1) and speed ratio, i.e., the ratio of longitudinal velocity to peripheral velocity of the tines, at three levels (1, 1.5, and 2). Soil horizontal force and torque on the rotary tine tool were measured. A nonlinear least squares method was used to estimate model parameters from the experimental data, resulting in shearing force coefficients ranging from 2.9 to 37 N and inertial force coefficients ranging from 16 to 528 N s2 m-2. The variations in the shearing and inertial forces on the tine were due to differences in soil failure patterns among the treatments. The predicted longitudinal and tangential forces for two tines using the model showed trends that were similar to the forces measured in the experiment. However, the model overestimated the predicted forces because it did not account for the reduced force on a tine due to soil disturbance created by the other tine. Keywords: Soil-tine interaction, Weed control.
Silicon photonic microelectromechanical phase shifters for scalable programmable photonics
Authors: Edinger Pierre , Takabayashi Alain Yuji , Errando-Herranz Carlos , Khan Umar , Sattari Hamed , Verheyen Peter , Bogaerts Wim , Quack Niels , Gylfason Kristinn B. 
Published: October 2021

Programmable photonic integrated circuits are emerging as an attractive platform for applications such as quantum information processing and artificial neural networks. However, current programmable circuits are limited in scalability by the lack of low-power and low-loss phase shifters in commercial foundries. Here, we demonstrate a compact phase shifter with low-power photonic microelectromechanical system (MEMS) actuation on a silicon photonics foundry platform (IMEC’s iSiPP50G). The device attains

(
2.9
π
±
π
)

phase shift at 1550 nm, with an insertion loss of

(

0.33

−
0.10

+
0.15

)

d
B

, a

V
π

of

(

10.7

−
1.4

+
2.2

)

V

, and an

L
π

of

(

17.2

−
4.3

+
8.8

)

µ

m

. We also measured an actuation bandwidth

f

−

3

d
B

of 1.03 MHz in air. We believe that our demonstration of a low-loss and low-power photonic MEMS phase shifter implemented in silicon photonics foundry compatible technology lifts a main roadblock toward the scale-up of programmable photonic integrated circuits.
Monolithic transceiver for lens-assisted beam-steering Lidar
Authors: Li Chao , Wu Kan , Cao Xianyi , Zhang Guangjin , Li Xinwan , Chen Jianping 
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate a monolithic transceiver based on a CMOS-compatible silicon photonic platform for lens-assisted beam-steering (LABS) light detecting and ranging (Lidar) application. By implementing an on-chip two-dimensional transceiver array and off-chip lens, beam emitting, steering, and receiving are realized simultaneously on a single chip. The transceiver is designed with a structure of a U-shaped vertical Ge photodetector surrounding a grating for high-efficiency light transmission and reception. The on-chip photodetector has a bandwidth of 87 MHz, a responsivity of 0.3A/W, and a detection sensitivity of

−

20

d
B
m

. For proof-of-concept demonstration, a time-of-flight Lidar system is achieved for target ranging with a detection distance of 5.2 m, a scanning angle of 2.86°, and a scanning speed of

5.3

µ

s

. This work demonstrates a feasible solution to integrated Lidar with beam emitting and receiving on one single chip based on LABS.
“This is not my body”: Therapeutic experiences and post-treatment health of people with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Loveday Marian , Hlangu Sindisiwe , Larkan Lee-Megan , Cox Helen , Daniels Johnny , Mohr-Holland Erika , Furin Jennifer 
Published: October 2021

Background
There are few data on the on post-treatment experiences of people who have been successfully treated for rifampicin-resistant (RR-)TB.

Objective
To describe the experiences and impact of RR-TB disease and therapy on post-treatment life of individuals who were successfully treated.

Methods
In this qualitative study in-depth interviews were conducted among a purposively selected sample from a population of individuals who were successfully treated for RR-TB between January 2008 and December 2018. Interview transcripts and notes were analysed using a thematic network analysis which included grounded theory and a framework for understanding pathophysiological mechanisms for post-TB morbidity and mortality. The analysis was iterative and the coding system developed focused on disease, treatment and post-treatment experiences of individuals. This paper follows the COREQ guidelines.

Results
For all 12 participants interviewed, the development of RR-TB disease, its diagnosis and the subsequent treatment were a major disruption to their lives as well as a transformative experience. On diagnosis of RR-TB disease, participants entered a liminal period in which their lives were marked with uncertainty and dominated by physical and mental suffering. Irrespective of how long ago they had completed their treatment, they all remembered with clarity the signs and symptoms of the disease and the arduous treatment journey. Post-treatment participants reported physical, social, psychological and economic changes as consequences of their RR-TB disease and treatment. Many participants reported a diminished ability to perform physical activities and, once discharged from the RR-TB hospital, inadequate physical rehabilitation. For some, these physical limitations impacted on their social life, and ultimately on their psychological health as well as on their ability to earn money and support their families.

Conclusion
The experiences and impact of RR-TB disease and therapy on post-treatment life of individuals successfully treated, highlights gaps in the current health care system that need to be addressed to improve the life of individuals post-treatment. A more holistic and long-term view of post-TB health, including the provision of comprehensive medical and social services for post-treatment care of physical ailments, social re-integration and the mitigation of the perceived fear and risk of getting TB again could be a central part of person-centred TB care.
FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY WITHIN LANGUAGE REGIONS IN APHASIC PATIENTS DURING REAL-TIME fMRI-BASED NEUROFEEDBACK TRAINING
Authors: Brahma Tapasi , Kesavadas Chandrasekharan , Sylaja PN , Sreedharan Sujesh 
Published: October 2021

Stroke is known to disrupt connectivity in the brain in addition to forming scars. This study analyzed the connectivity changes within the language regions and the adjoining brain regions during real-time
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging-based
neurofeedback training for the rehabilitation of stroke-affected patients with
expressive aphasia. The study hypothesizes that with repeated sessions of the training, a rise in functional connectivity within the language regions will be observed for the aphasic patients.
The experiment was conducted on three groups of subjects: test patients, control patients, and normal participants. Only the test and the normal groups underwent the training. In the training, the subjects exercised language activity covertly to upregulate the Broca’s area. Neurofeedback of the Broca activity (amplified when it is correlated with the Wernicke activity) is visually presented to the subjects to motivate them to improve their performance and stimulate upregulation of functional connectivity of the Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas.
The key observations are as follows: For all the groups, a rise in functional connectivity was noticed mostly among the left hemispheric Regions of Interest (ROIs). While comparing the normal group over the test group, ROIs in the
frontal polar region were noticed to have good functional connectivity. While comparing the test group over the control group, ROIs in the
supra parietal, and the
right central opercular regions were found to have good functional connectivity.
This study can contribute to the design of rehabilitative training systems that are tuned to activate the regions that have been observed to show increased functional connectivity.
Zebrafish as a model organism – can a fish mimic human?
Authors: Subramanian Subhiksha 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
From pre-historic era, all scientific discoveries have evolved around a concept – THINK BIG but for a change zebrafish as a model organism in research had managed to halt the entire medical community and made us realize that it’s time to think small. From a barely imagined being in research few years ago to around 4,000 publications in just last year, zebrafish has definitely come a long way. Through these tiny fish, scientists have managed to find genes that caused human diseases and have also developed various specific models to know more about the pathology behind such diseases. This review will focus on zebrafish as a model organism from the time it was introduced to the most novel targets with particular emphasis on central nervous system (CNS) as it is rapidly evolving branch in zebrafish research these days. This review will try to shed light on the early stages of zebrafish as a model organism and will try to cover the journey of it developing as a successful model organism to map many diseases like diabetes, Alzheimer’s and autism describing the rationale for using this specific model and briefly the techniques under each category and finally will summarize the pros and cons of the model with its expected future directions.
Judging the judges: evaluating the accuracy and national bias of international gymnastics judges
Authors: Heiniger Sandro , Mercier Hugues 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We design, describe and implement a statistical engine to analyze the performance of gymnastics judges with three objectives: (1) provide constructive feedback to judges, executive committees and national federations; (2) assign the best judges to the most important competitions; (3) detect bias and persistent misjudging. Judging a gymnastics routine is a random process, and we model this process using heteroscedastic random variables. The developed marking score scales the difference between the mark of a judge and the true performance level of a gymnast as a function of the intrinsic judging error variability estimated from historical data for each apparatus. This dependence between judging variability and performance quality has never been properly studied. We leverage the intrinsic judging error variability and the marking score to detect outlier marks and study the national bias of judges favoring athletes of the same nationality. We also study ranking scores assessing to what extent judges rate gymnasts in the correct order. Our main observation is that there are significant differences between the best and worst judges, both in terms of accuracy and national bias. The insights from this work have led to recommendations and rule changes at the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique.
Climate change stressors affecting household food security among Kimandi-Wanyaga smallholder farmers in Murang’a County, Kenya
Authors: Ngure Mary W. , Wandiga Shem O. , Olago Daniel O. , Oriaso Silas O. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Climate change hazards including droughts and floods are adversely affecting crop productivity and food security among Kenyan smallholder farmers. This article analyzes rainfall and temperature change effects on household food security in Kimandi-Wanyaga, in Murang’a County, Kenya. Both the meteorological and the community perceptions were analyzed. Monthly rainfall and temperature data for Thika Meteorological Station were analyzed for trends using MAKESENS procedure. The community perceptions data obtained through household survey, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and content analysis. The study hypotheses were tested using chi-square tests. The community perceived inadequate rainfall during crop growth (79%), reduced rainfall intensity (77%) and erratic onset and cessation of seasonal rainfall (73%) had interrupted their crop productivity. These disagreed with MAKESENS rainfall trends that showed statistically insignificant rainfall variability (α > 0.1). The community’s warmer temperature perceptions agreed with observed rising maximum temperature trend at 0.001 significance level. This study observed a significant relationship between the community’s perceived local rainfall and temperature changes, and household food security. For robust and strategically designed climate policies and programs for food security, governments need to communicate to policy makers the perceptions of smallholder farmers involved in autonomous climate adaptation.
Toward a Peircean logic of meditation
Authors: Raposa Michael L. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Peirce’s philosophy, to a great extent, continues to be neglected as a potentially valuable resource for theologians and scholars of religion. This essay represents an attempt to rectify that state of affairs, albeit focused narrowly on how some of Peirce’s ideas might help to illuminate the role that attention plays in transforming consciousness and shaping certain meditative practices. Such practices display a logic consistent with the one that Peirce described in the process of developing his semiotic theory and his theory of inquiry. While his writings on logic are voluminous, Peirce produced only a very few scattered remarks about the “logic of meditation,” broadly conceived. One purpose of this essay is to collect and to examine carefully those remarks. Another is to evaluate their significance for contemporary philosophers of religion who are invested in the task of trying to understand the nature and purpose of meditation, not as a single type of exercise, but in its various forms and manifestations.