bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BRAF V600E Mediates Crizotinib Resistance and Responds to Dabrafenib and Trametinib in a
ROS1-Rearranged Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: Li Juan , Wang Qifeng , Ge Jun , Tian Yuke , Yao Wenxiu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Crizotinib, a multitargeted MET/ALK/ROS1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been approved for the treatment of ROS1 fusion–positive non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). However, “on-target” or “off-target” resistance alterations often emerge that confer the drug resistance. Patients with ROS1-rearranged NSCLC who develop crizotinib resistance, especially those acquiring “off-target” resistance mutations, still lack effective therapeutic options for after crizotinib treatment. Herein, we reported a patient with stage IVb lung adenocarcinoma harboring ROS1 fusion, who acquired a BRAF V600E and lost the ROS1 fusion after progression on crizotinib. It was deduced that the V600E may originate from a subclone with an extremely low fraction that was independent of ROS1 fusion–positive cells. The patient was subsequently treated with dabrafenib and trametinib combination and achieved a partial response lasting for more than 6 months. Our study revealed that BRAF V600E can confer the crizotinib resistance in ROS1 fusion–positive NSCLC and presented the first case showing that the treatment with dabrafenib and trametinib can serve as an effective option for later-line treatment for this molecular-defined subgroup.

Key Points
Synthesis of SnO2/TiO2 micro belt fibers from polymer composite precursors and their applications in Li‐ion batteries*
Authors: Gonzalez Gabriel , Hasan Md Toukir , Ramirez Daniel , Parsons Jason , Alcoutlabi Mataz 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSnO2/TiO2 micro belt–fiber composites were successfully synthesized using centrifugal spinning and subsequent heat treatment of SnO2/TiO2/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) precursor fibers. SnO2/TiO2/PVP precursor solutions consisting of different ratios of SnO2 to TiO2 were prepared by mixing Tin (II) 2‐ethylhexanoate and titanium (IV) butoxide with PVP in ethanol. The SnO2/TiO2/PVP mixture was heat treated in air at 700°C, which resulted in the formation of SnO2/TiO2 micron‐sized fibers with a belt‐shaped morphology. Structural, morphology, and surface chemistry characterization of the materials was performed using powder X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometer, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. SEM analysis showed the SnO2/TiO2 composite fibers with (3:2) ratio had a micro belt morphology with particles on the surface. The material was tested as an anode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs); the composite fiber electrode delivered an initial capacity of 1200 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1. The capacity was observed to decrease to 279 mAh g−1 after 70 cycles; however, the sample retained a columbic efficiency of 99%, which indicated good reversibility. Due to the high surface area and unique structure, the as‐synthesized SnO2/TiO2 composite fibers may be promising for sensor and LIB applications.
pH‐Responsive Biocompatible Fluorescent Core‐Shell Nanogel for Intracellular Imaging and Control Drug Release
Authors: Mandal Tapas Kumar , Parvin Nargish , Joo Sang W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study reports a fluorescence iron core‐carbonized biocompatible hybrid poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐oriented nanogel (Fe2O3@C@PEG‐COOH nanogel). The fluorescence Fe2O3@C@PEG‐COOH nanogel is prepared using a facile one‐pot polycondensation reaction without organic solvents or catalysts. The properties of the fluorescenceFe2O3@C@PEG‐COOH nanogel are investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. A change in pH as a stimulus can trigger the release of loaded doxorubicin (DOX). Under acidic conditions, the nanogel releases the highly loaded drug slowly compared to the neutral and basic conditions, which is important for cancer treatment. The synthesized fluorescenceFe2O3@C@PEG‐COOH nanogel is well dispersed in water and shows fluorescence with high photostability, good biocompatibility with a paramagnetic nature. Furthermore, the nanogel can act as a potential fluorescent probe for cell imaging.
Untargeted metabolomic study of HepG2 cells under the effect of Fucus vesiculosus aqueous extract
Authors: André Rebeca , Guedes Rita , López Javier , Serralheiro Maria Luísa 
Published: September 2021

RationaleFucus vesiculosus has been described with potential to develop functional foods containing bioactive compounds against various diseases. However, more studies are needed to better understand its functioning and its previously reported bioactivities, mainly at the molecular level.MethodsAn untargeted metabolomic study was performed to analyse HepG2 cells exposed to F. vesiculosus aqueous extract, rich in phlorotannins and peptides, during 24 h. This study was carried out using liquid chromatography combined with high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry.ResultsThis metabolomic study showed significant changes in HepG2 metabolites in the presence of the extract, standing out being the increased intensity of various fatty acid amides (oleamide, (Z)‐eicos‐11‐enamide, linoleamide, palmitamide, dodecanamide and stearamide). This group of metabolites is reported in the literature with anticancer and hypocholesterolemic activity, bioactivities also described for F. vesiculosus. The extract induced, likewise, the expression of glutathione indicating its antioxidant effect.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the potential of the compounds present in the F. vesiculosus aqueous extract for the development of natural drugs, nutraceuticals or dietary supplements, justified at the molecular level by changes in cell metabolites related to anticancer and hypocholesterolemic activity. The results here described, using an untargeted metabolomic approach, may contribute to a better understanding of algal behaviour, when used as food, in health‐promoting effects.
Containing COVID‐19 risk in the UAE: Mass quarantine, mental health, and implications for crisis management
Authors: Thomas Justin , Terry James P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic is the first global “NASECH disaster,” owing to its natural hazard (NH) origin and unprecedented subsequent repercussions for global society (S), economy (EC), and health (H). Emergency health control measures required the implementation of compulsory mass quarantine (CMQ) or so‐called periods of “lockdown.” Yet, CMQ is an instrument with iatrogenic consequences, associated with a rise in societal levels of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress. With a view to informing future crisis management, the study investigated sociodemographic factors associated with mental wellbeing during the March–April 2020 lockdown in the United Arab Emirates. Respondents (n = 1585) completed self‐report measures of depression (PHQ8) and generalized anxiety (GAD7). Rates of symptomatology were notably higher than those observed in similar UAE‐based studies before the pandemic. Younger age, urban‐dwelling, female‐gender, and a history of mental health problems were significant factors linked to elevated levels of depression and anxiety. Findings emphasize (1) the crucial need for psychological intervention after disasters and (2) the importance of strengthening the nexus at the intersection of public health and disaster risk reduction (DRR). Implications are that future pandemic containment would benefit from adopting new Health–DRR paradigms and ensuring these are effectively translated into disaster policy.
Differential Chromogenic Response towards F− and H2PO4−: Hydrogen Bonding vs Deprotonation
Authors: Jha Satadru , Dey Nilanjan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHighly colored oxidized 3,3/‐di(indolyl)arylmethanes (DIAM) based probes have been synthesized in good yield using modified single‐step synthesis. The internal charge transfer state of the molecules as well as protonation equilibrium of indolyl units are dominated by the electronic nature of substituents (R=−CH3, −NMe2, −NO2 etc) present on the central aryl moiety. However, irrespective to the nature of the substituents, all compounds (HL) show selective chromogenic response towards basic anions, like F− and H2PO4− etc in CH3CN. At low concentration, both analytes induce hypsochromic shifts in absorption maximum owing to the formation of H‐bonded complex (HL….A). However, only F− ion at high concentration results in a large bathochromic shift (▵λ∼90 nm) at λmax, probably due to the formation of deprotonated receptor (L−), attributed by higher stability of H‐bonded [HF2−] dimer. Thus, one can easily discriminate between these ions via color‐changing response. On the other hand, HSO4− being an acidic anion results in protonation of indolyl nitrogen center (H2L+) even at low concentration in CH3CN‐H2O (1 : 1) mixture medium, leading to bathochromic shift of absorption maxima.
Growth and Selective Etching of Twinned Graphene on Liquid Copper Surface
Authors: Liu Fengning , Dong Jichen , Kim Na Yeon , Lee Zonghoon , Ding Feng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlthough grain boundaries (GBs) in two‐dimensional (2D) materials have been extensively observed and characterized, their formation mechanism still remains unexplained. Here a general model has reported to elucidate the mechanism of formation of GBs during 2D materials growth. Based on our model, a general method is put forward to synthesize twinned 2D materials on a liquid substrate. Using graphene growth on liquid Cu surface as an example, the growth of twinned graphene has been demonstrated successfully, in which all the GBs are ultra‐long straight twin boundaries. Furthermore, well‐defined twin boundaries (TBs) are found in graphene that can be selectively etched by hydrogen gas due to the preferential adsorption of hydrogen atoms at high‐energy twins. This study thus reveals the formation mechanism of GBs in 2D materials during growth and paves the way to grow various 2D nanostructures with controlled GBs.
In Situ Training of Brushtail Possums to use Microchip‐automated Doors
Authors: Watson Shania J. , Hoy Julia M. , Edwards Megan C. , Murray Peter J. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTIndividually‐targeted resource supplementation for wildlife is difficult to achieve due to the challenge of excluding nontarget animals. The use of microchip‐automated technology has the potential to improve conservation outcomes globally by facilitating targeted food and nesting, offering a refuge from predators, and decreasing competition. Eight wild‐born brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) were trained in situ to use commercially available microchip‐automated doors installed on nest boxes placed within 5 m of their most used nesting site. Training to use the microchip‐automated door was conducted in 3 stages where the position of the door was lowered in sequential stages until it was fully closed at stage 3. Training was deemed complete at each stage when the possum entered the nest box on 2 separate nights. Seven of the 8 possums completed training. Successful training demonstrated that free‐living possums can be trained to use microchip‐automated technology in situ, thus avoiding stress, costs, and biosecurity risks associated with bringing wild animals into captivity for training. Training methods can be extrapolated to a wider range of species to assist with wildlife management from reintroductions to sustaining reduced populations. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Anthropology of the Military
Authors: Tomforde Maren , Ben-Ari Eyal 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe anthropology of militaries in industrial countries is a relatively young discipline, which has seen significant growth since the end of the Cold War and the advent of the “new wars.” The chapter focuses on the anthropological analysis of social and cultural concerns related to (and derived from) the armed forces, war, and the provision for national security. It charts the main clusters of issues anthropologists are engaged with and explains the unique contribution of this discipline through the following themes: militarization, fieldwork, military organization and units, gender, military families, veterans, and medical anthropology. This chapter concludes with a discussion of anthropology’s contribution to military education.
Konzeption und Anlage der Studie
Authors: Kollhoff Sebastian 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel werden die Konzeption und die Anlage der empirischen Studie dargestellt. Dazu erfolgt zunächst eine Konkretisierung der Fragestellung. Darauf aufbauend werden im nachfolgenden Abschnitt die Anlage und der Ablauf der Studie beschrieben, bevor die Erhebungsinstrumente, die eingesetzten Materialien sowie die Methoden zur Datenauswertung eingehend erläutert werden.
Vorwissen und Leistungsentwicklung
Authors: Kollhoff Sebastian 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel werden die Auswertungen des parallelisierten Vor- und Nachtests dargestellt. Dazu wird zunächst auf Grundlage des Vortests das Vorwissen der Schülerinnen und Schülern beschrieben. Dieser Charakterisierung wird auf quantitativer Ebene die Lösungshäufigkeit der Testitems und Itemgruppen zugrunde gelegt. Die quantitativen Darstellungen werden durch die Diskussion ausgewählter Aufgabenlösungen der Schülerinnen und Schüler ergänzt, um die Testergebnisse vor dem Hintergrund der Entwicklung von Grundvorstellungen einzuordnen. Die Auswertungen des Vortests werden im Anschluss mit den dichotomisierten Auswertungen des Nachtests abgeglichen, um die Leistungsentwicklung der Schülerinnen und Schüler zu beschreiben. Abschließend wird die Zusammensetzung der Paare für die Partnerarbeiten während der Arbeitssitzungen zur Datenerhebung dargestellt.
Modeling laser-induced incandescence of Diesel soot—Implementation of an advanced parameterization procedure applied to a refined LII model accounting for shielding effect and multiple scattering within aggregates for $${\varvec{\alpha}}_{{\varvec{T}}}$$ and $${\varvec{E}}\left( {\varvec{m}} \right)$$ assessment
Authors: Lemaire Romain , Menanteau S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAn extensive set of LII signals measured in a Diesel spray flame has been simulated using a refined LII model built upon a comprehensive version of soot heat- and mass-balance equations. This latter includes terms standing for saturation of linear, single- and multi-photon absorption processes, cooling by sublimation, conduction, radiation and thermionic emission in addition to mechanisms depicting soot oxidation and annealing, non-thermal photodesorption of carbon clusters as well as corrective factors allowing considering shielding effect and multiple scattering (MS) within aggregates. A complete parameterization of the so-proposed model has been achieved by means of an advanced optimization procedure coupling design of experiments with a genetic algorithm-based solver. Doing so, the values of different factors involved in absorption and sublimation terms have been assessed for a 1064-nm laser excitation wavelength including the multi-photon absorption cross section for C2 photodesorption and the saturation coefficients for linear- and multi-photon absorption, among others. This parameterized model has then been demonstrated to effectively reproduce signals measured in different combustion media including a CH4/O2/N2 premixed flat flame and a diffusion ethylene flame. As a result of the data derived from the analysis of the Diesel flame, a thermal accommodation coefficient value of 0.49 has been assessed against 0.34 when neglecting the shielding effect. In addition, values of the soot absorption function ($$E\left( m \right)$$

E

m

) comprised between 0.18 and 0.31 have been inferred depending on the particle maturation stage. On the other hand, $$E\left( m \right)$$

E

m

24% higher on average have been estimated when neglecting MS thus illustrating the importance of aggregate characteristics on soot properties derived through LII modeling. Eventually, the $$E\left( m \right)$$

E

m

evolution observed herein has been compared with results issued from studies conducted with varied hydrocarbons which led to highlight the crucial role played by the soot maturity level over the nature of the burnt fuel as far as optical properties are concerned.
PD-L1 (SP142) testing is concordant between Benchmark Ultra and Bond-III stainers
Authors: Compérat Eva , Oszwald André , Wasinger Gabriel , Wacquet Justine , Rouprêt Morgan , Cussenot Olivier 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Atezolizumab is an inhibitor of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), used to treat advanced or metastatic bladder cancer, and in trials for non-invasive disease. In order to be eligible for treatment, patients require a PD-L1 immune cell score ≥ 5%, using the Ventana SP142 PD-L1 assay. Many laboratories do not have access to the required Ventana Benchmark Ultra stainer, and it is unclear if the assay performs similarly on other stainers. In this study, we compare SP142 assay results between Ventana Benchmark Ultra and Leica Bond-III stainers.

Methods
Serial sections of 90 samples of transurethral bladder resections (comprising 51 pTaHG, 8 pTis, 18 pT1, 10 pT2 tumors) were stained using the SP142 PD-L1 antibody on Ventana Benchmark Ultra and Leica Bond-III stainers, manually scored, and compared using accuracy and Cohen’s kappa measures.

Results
Both devices yielded highly concordant PD-L1 immune cell scores (accuracy 0.84, Cohen’s κ 0.732). Moreover, we found similar tumor cell (TC) PD-L1 scores using both stainers, and a trend towards greater TC scores in pT2 stage samples (p = 0.05).

Conclusion
This study is the first to compare the SP142 antibody in bladder cancer on two different stainers. Our results indicate that both Benchmark Ultra and Bond-III stainers yield highly concordant results using the SP142 PD-L1 antibody.
Adaptive kernel selection network with attention constraint for surgical instrument classification
Authors: Hou Yaqing , Zhang Wenkai , Liu Qian , Ge Hongwei , Meng Jun , Zhang Qiang , Wei Xiaopeng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractComputer vision (CV) technologies are assisting the health care industry in many respects, i.e., disease diagnosis. However, as a pivotal procedure before and after surgery, the inventory work of surgical instruments has not been researched with the CV-powered technologies. To reduce the risk and hazard of surgical tools’ loss, we propose a study of systematic surgical instrument classification and introduce a novel attention-based deep neural network called SKA-ResNet which is mainly composed of: (a) A feature extractor with selective kernel attention module to automatically adjust the receptive fields of neurons and enhance the learnt expression and (b) A multi-scale regularizer with KL-divergence as the constraint to exploit the relationships between feature maps. Our method is easily trained end-to-end in only one stage with few additional calculation burdens. Moreover, to facilitate our study, we create a new surgical instrument dataset called SID19 (with 19 kinds of surgical tools consisting of 3800 images) for the first time. Experimental results show the superiority of SKA-ResNet for the classification of surgical tools on SID19 when compared with state-of-the-art models. The classification accuracy of our method reaches up to 97.703%, which is well supportive for the inventory and recognition study of surgical tools. Also, our method can achieve state-of-the-art performance on four challenging fine-grained visual classification datasets.
Genome-Wide Linkage and Association Study of Childhood Gender Nonconformity in Males
Authors: Sanders Alan R. , Beecham Gary W. , Guo Shengru , Dawood Khytam , Rieger Gerulf , Krishnappa Ritesha S. , Kolundzija Alana B. , Bailey J. Michael , Martin Eden R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMale sexual orientation is influenced by environmental and complex genetic factors. Childhood gender nonconformity (CGN) is one of the strongest correlates of homosexuality with substantial familiality. We studied brothers in families with two or more homosexual brothers (409 concordant sibling pairs in 384 families, as well as their heterosexual brothers), who self-recalled their CGN. To map loci for CGN, we conducted a genome-wide linkage scan (GWLS) using SNP genotypes. The strongest linkage peaks, each with significant or suggestive two-point LOD scores and multipoint LOD score support, were on chromosomes 5q31 (maximum two-point LOD = 4.45), 6q12 (maximum two-point LOD = 3.64), 7q33 (maximum two-point LOD = 3.09), and 8q24 (maximum two-point LOD = 3.67), with the latter not overlapping with previously reported strongest linkage region for male sexual orientation on pericentromeric chromosome 8. Family-based association analyses were used to identify associated variants in the linkage regions, with a cluster of SNPs (minimum association p = 1.3 × 10–8) found at the 5q31 linkage peak. Genome-wide, clusters of multiple SNPs in the 10–6 to 10–8p-value range were found at chromosomes 5p13, 5q31, 7q32, 8p22, and 10q23, highlighting glutamate-related genes. This is the first reported GWLS and genome-wide association study on CGN. Further increasing genetic knowledge about CGN and its relationships to male sexual orientation should help advance our understanding of the biology of these associated traits.
Intraspecific Abundance–Occupancy–Patchiness Relations in the Intertidal Benthic Macrofauna of a Cool-Temperate North Sea Mudflat
Authors: Barnes R. S. K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe macroecological variable of patchiness (Lloyd’s Ip index of patchiness, P) has recently been shown to be related inter- and intraspecifically to those of abundance (numbers m−2, A), and occupancy (% occurrence in samples, O) in lower latitude seagrass macrofaunas. For the first time in higher latitudes, intraspecific relationships between three spatial variables were investigated in the intertidal mudflat macrobenthos of the Scolt Head barrier island, southern North Sea (53° N, 01° E). Sampling was conducted between early July and late September 2009–2013 using 710-µm mesh for sample processing. Strong positive interspecific A-O and negative interspecific P-O and P-A relationships were present. Two of the most numerous and widespread assemblage components, however, occurred with effectively constant occupancy (Peringia ulvae, 100%, and Tubificoides benedii, 93%) across the whole 20-ha locality and therefore could not show intraspecific relationships of occupancy with other macroecological metrics. These two apart, only one other dominant species failed to show a significant positive intraspecific A-O relationship; no species showed significant P-A relations of any form; and only two showed the negative P-O ones that have been described elsewhere. The intraspecific A-O patterns appear to contrast with those of an earlier study at another North Sea locality (the Dutch Wadden Sea), although differences are more apparent than real, but the Scolt Head fauna showed fewer intraspecific P-O and P-A relations than those characterising similar circumstances in the two lower-latitude localities previously investigated. Neither developmental mode nor variation in local abundance appears to influence these patterns. A-O-P relations therefore seem widespread but may be subject to latitudinal modification.