bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of amides and esters containing furan rings under microwave-assisted conditions
Authors: Janczewski Łukasz , Zieliński Dariusz , Kolesińska Beata 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this work, we present a novel method for the synthesis of ester and amide derivatives containing furan rings (furfural derivatives) under mild synthetic conditions supported by microwave radiation. N-(Furan-2-ylmethyl)furan-2-carboxamide and furan-2-ylmethyl furan-2-carboxylate were produced using 2-furoic acid, furfurylamine, and furfuryl alcohol. The reactions were carried out in a microwave reactor in the presence of effective coupling reagents: DMT/NMM/TsO− or EDC. The reaction time, the solvent, and the amounts of the substrates were optimized. After crystallization or flash chromatography, the final compounds were isolated with good or very good yields. Our method allows for the synthesis of N-blocked amides using N-blocked amino acids (Boc, Cbz, Fmoc) and amine. As well as compounds with a monoamide and ester moiety, products with diamides and diester bonds (N,N-bis(furan-2-ylmethyl)furan-2,5-dicarboxamide, bis(furan-2-ylmethyl) furan-2,5-dicarboxylate, and furan-3,4-diylbis(methylene) bis(furan-2-carboxylate)) were synthesized with moderate yields in the presence of DMT/NMM/TsO– or EDC, using 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid and 3,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan as substrates.
Basics of teaching electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of electrolytes for ion-rechargeable batteries – part 1: a good practice on estimation of bulk resistance of solid polymer electrolytes
Authors: Abdul Halim Suhaila Idayu , Chan Chin Han , Apotheker Jan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this publication, we present the basic to characterize the electrical properties of electrolytes that are widely used in ion-rechargeable batteries using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). This simplified yet insightful background provided may be used for educational purposes, especially for beginners or young researchers for both undergraduate and postgraduate students. We start with introduction of electrolytes and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) instrumentation, following with the step-by-step guidelines using three different procedures to estimate the bulk resistance (R
b) of the electrolytes, which is inversely proportional to the conductivity (σ
DC) of the materials

R
b

∝
1
/

σ
DC

$\left({R}_{\mathrm{b}}\propto 1/{\sigma }_{\mathrm{DC}}\right)$

. Several examples and exercises on estimation of quantity R
b are supplemented for educational purposes. Comparison was made on estimation of R
b using manual graphical procedures, mathematical regression procedures using commercial graphical software and equivalent circuit fitting procedures using exclusive EIS software. The results suggest that the manual graphical technique may serves as a useful approach for beginners before venturing to exclusive software. Besides, the instructors may use the procedures to coach the users to extract reliable and reproducible data before data interpretation. Lastly, the phenomenological approach on dielectric relaxation for solid polymer electrolytes [poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) + lithium salt] and non-solid polymer electrolytes [poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) + lithium salt], in the classic sense will be addressed in terms of impedance (Z*), permittivity (ε*), tangent loss (tan δ), modulus (M*) and conductivity (σ*) spectra in Part 2.
Clinical presentation of COVID-19 – a model derived by a machine learning algorithm
Authors: Yousef Malik , Showe Louise C. , Ben Shlomo Izhar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic has flooded all triage stations, making it difficult to carefully select those most likely infected. Data on total patients tested, infected, and hospitalized is fragmentary making it difficult to easily select those most likely to be infected. The Israeli Ministry of Health made public its registry of immediate clinical data and the respective status of infected/not infected for all viral DNA tests performed up to Apr. 18th, 2020 including almost 120,000 tests. We used a machine-learning algorithm to find out which immediate clinical elements mattered the most in identifying the true status of the tested persons including age or gender matter, to enable future better allocation of surveillance policy for those belonging to high-risk groups. In addition to the analyses applied on the first batch of the available data (Apr. 11th), we further tested the algorithm on the independent second batch (Apr. 12th to 18th). Fever, cough and headache were the most diagnostic, differing in degree of importance in different subgroups. Higher percentage of men were found positive (9.3 vs. 7.3%), but gender did not matter for the clinical presentation. The prediction power of the model was high, with accuracy of 0.84 and area under the curve 0.92. We provide a hand-held short checklist with verbal description of importance for the leading symptoms, which should expedite the triage and enable proper selection of people for further follow-up.
Crystal structure of 1H-imidazol-3-ium poly[aqua-(μ4-glutarato-κ6
O,O′:O′:O′′,O′′′:O′′′)-(nitrato-κ2
O,O′)strontium(II)], C8H13N3O8Sr
Authors: Dridi Rawiya , Bouhali Amira , Boudaren Chaouki , Bouraiou Abdelmalek , Merazig Hocine 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
C8H13N3O8Sr, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 8.0945(2) Å, b = 15.7091(5) Å, c = 20.6169(6) Å, β = 96.807(2)°, V = 2603.11(13) Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.021, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0494, T = 273(2) K.
SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie in Deutschland: Ökonomische Bedeutung für das deutsche Gesundheitssystem
Authors: Greß Stefan , Jesberger Christian 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Das deutsche Gesundheitssystem war nicht optimal auf die Krise im Rahmen der Pandemie vorbereitet. Strukturdefizite in der GKV-Finanzierung machen diese besonders anfällig in Krisen. In der stationären Versorgung setzen die Fallpauschalen keine ausreichenden Anreize zur Vorhaltung von Reservekapazitäten. Die kurzfristigen Maßnahmen des Gesetzgebers in diesem Zusammenhang haben bei der Behandlung besonders erfahrene Zentren benachteiligt.
Wissen generieren: Das „Kompetenznetz Public Health zu COVID-19“
Authors: Evers Sinah , Zeeb Hajo , Gerhardus Ansgar 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Um die wissenschaftliche Basis für Maßnahmen gegen COVID-19 zu schaffen, ist eine interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit notwendig. Im März 2020 wurde das „Kompetenznetz Public Health zu COVID-19“ gegründet, um evidenzbasierte Erkenntnisse zu sammeln, aufzubereiten und zu disseminieren. Im Juni waren bereits über 30 Fachgesellschaften an der Bereitstellung abgestimmter Informationen beteiligt: Bis November wurden fast 50 „Policy Briefs“ und Hintergrundpapiere in fachübergreifender Zusammenarbeit verfasst.
Justification of the methodological bases for the management of the radio resource of special purpose radio communication systems under conditions of prior uncertainty
Authors: Shyshatskyi Andrii , Melnyk Artur , Bondar Oleksii , Petruk Oleksandr , Chernyahivskiy Dmytro , Kryvenko Mykola , Petrov Oleksandr , Kravchuk Serhii , Shidlovsky Yuriy , Lukianets Volodymyr 
Published: March 2021

The problem of substantiation of methodological bases of radio resource management of military radio communication systems in the conditions of a priori uncertainty is solved in the work. The object of research is the military radio communication system. One of the most problematic places in the management of military radio resources is the inability to carry out a hierarchical management of the parameters and modes of operation of both individual radios and the military radio system as a whole. This reduces the efficiency of the system itself and the efficiency of its application.
The scientific problem is solved by substantiating the methodological principles of radio resource management of military radio communication systems in conditions of a priori uncertainty. During the research, the authors used the main provisions of the theory of queuing, the theory of automation, the theory of complex technical systems, as well as general scientific methods of cognition, namely analysis and synthesis. The novelty is that in the course of work:
– the purpose of functioning of an operative management subsystem of a radio resource of military radio communication systems is formulated;
– indicators and criteria of functioning efficiency of military radio communication systems are determined;
– decomposition of the solution of this problem into problems depending on the signal and noise situation is carried out.
An approach based on the hierarchical decomposition of the functional structure of networks, the behavior of which is described by stochastic differential (or difference) equations of the high dimension state, into a number of interconnected but simpler functional structures is used for the functional description of military radio communication systems. It will allow to make a decomposition of the state of the military radio system and increase the efficiency of decision-making on adjusting the modes of operation and parameters of the military radio system in real time. The research results should be used at the stage of operational management of parameters and modes of these systems operation.
Траектории развития регионализма в России: опыт Свердловской области и Республики Татарстан
Authors: Витковская Татьяна Борисовна , Назукина Мария Викторовна 
Published: March 2021

В статье анализируются траектории развития регионализма в российских регионах в период с 1990-х годов, когда регионализация шла наиболее активно, по настоящее время, когда регионализм стал ослабевать. Представлен анализ динамики и современных форм регионализма в двух российских регионах – Республике Татарстан и Свердловской области. Отдельное внимание уделено регионалистским движениям (организациям, партиям) в указанных регионах как акторам, артикулирующим регионализм. Анализируются стратегии региональных элит, поскольку паттерны их взаимодействия с регионалистскими организациями предполагают разные конфигурации, обуславливающие различные траектории динамики регионализма в России. Разграничиваются регионализм «снизу» как активность регионалистских организаций, и регионализм «сверху» как политика региональных элит. Доказано, что соотношение данных измерений в пределах региона оказывает влияние на формирование региональной модели. В статье представлены результаты эмпирического исследования, проведенного в Республике Татарстан и Свердловской области в 2019 году, продемонстрировавшего, как были сформированы модели элитарного регионализма в Республике Татарстан и латентного регионализма в Свердловской области. Показаны различные траектории динамики регионализма – его элитизация в Республике Татарстан и маргинализация в Свердловской области.
El enojo desde la perspectiva de un grupo de niÃ±os y niÃ±as mexicanos
Authors: Ortega-Andrade Norma AngÃ©lica , Viramontes-MartÃ­nez Linda MarÃ­a , JimÃ©nez-RodrÃ­guez David 
Published: March 2021

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar las diferentes vivencias que los niÃ±os experimentan en torno a la emociÃ³n del enojo y analizar los factores que lo predisponen, asÃ­ como las acciones que lleva a cabo para regular esta emociÃ³n. El estudio es cualitativo bajo un enfoque fenomenolÃ³gico. Participaron un total de 34 niÃ±os y niÃ±as de 9 a 12 aÃ±os de los cuales 16 (47%) de ellos fueron niÃ±os y 18 (53%) fueron niÃ±as. El muestreo fue noprobabilÃ­stico por conveniencia. La tÃ©cnica para recolectar los datos fue un cuestionario conformado por nueve preguntas, que refiere a las cogniciones, conductas y sentimientos con respecto al enojo, el cual se aplicÃ³ en pequeÃ±os grupos conformados por 4 niÃ±os y/o niÃ±as. Los resultados muestran que desde la perspectiva de los niÃ±os el enojo es sentirse irritado, expresarlo con gestos o respuestas agresivas, y la forma de regular su enojo es tratando de tranquilizarse o bien buscar una soluciÃ³n. Se concluye que las respuestas de los niÃ±os son mÃ¡s reactivas que anticipatorias.

This study aimed to explore the different experiences that children experience around the emotion of anger and to analyze the factors that predispose it, as well as the actions carried out to regulate this emotion. The study is qualitative under a phenomenological approach. A total of 34 boys and girls between the ages of 9 and 12 participated, of which 16 (47%) of them were boys and 18 (53%) were girls. The sampling was non-probabilistic for convenience. The technique to collect the data was a questionnaire made up of nine questions, which refers to cognitions, behaviors and feelings regarding anger, which was applied in small groups made up of 4 boys and / or girls. The results show that, from the children's perspective, anger is feeling irritated, expressing it with gestures or aggressive responses, and the way to regulate their anger is by trying to calm down or find a solution. It is concluded that the children's responses are more reactive than anticipatory.
Lâ€™instrumentalisation politique de lâ€™ethnicitÃ© dans le champ religieux au Nord-Cameroun
Authors: Assana Assana 
Published: March 2021

Ce texte analyse lâ€™articulation de la politique et lâ€™ethnicitÃ© dans le champ religieux au Nord-Cameroun. Il part dâ€™un ancrage historique de lâ€™instrumentalisation de lâ€™ethnicitÃ©, consacrÃ© par les missionnaires, et consolidÃ© par les entrepreneurs ethniques, pour saisir les enjeux contemporains des mouvements de conversion ethnico-religieuse. Dâ€™un point de vue mÃ©thodologique, cette analyse sâ€™appuie sur la thÃ©orie de la gouvernementalitÃ© de Michel Foucault et les donnÃ©es empiriques recueillies par les sources documentaires, les entretiens et lâ€™observation directe auprÃ¨s des responsables des confessions religieuses fortement reprÃ©sentÃ©es dans cette partie du Cameroun (lâ€™Ã‰glise catholique, les Ã‰glises protestantes et lâ€™Islam). Cette contribution vise Ã objectiver le champ religieux comme un cadre de construction des relations de pouvoir ethniques, permettant lâ€™expression de lâ€™intelligence stratÃ©gique et des pratiques de rÃ©sistance.

This text analyzes the articulation of politics and ethnicity in the religious field in North Cameroon. It starts from a historical anchoring of this instrumentalization of ethnicity, consecrated by missionaries, and consolidated by ethnic entrepreneurs, to grasp the contemporary challenges of the movements of ethnic-religious conversion. From a methodological point of view, this analysis is based on Michel Foucaultâ€™s theory of governmentality and empirical data collected by documentary sources, interviews and direct observation with leaders of religious denominations represented in this part of Cameroon (the Catholic Church, the protestant churches and Islam). This contribution aims to objectify the religious field as a framework for building ethnic power relations, allowing the expression of strategic intelligence and resistance practices.
DÃ©termination Du RÃ©gime Alimentaire De La Girafe dâ€™Afrique De lâ€™Ouest (Giraffa Camelopardalis Peralta Linnaeus 1758) En Saison SÃ¨che Dans Les Zones ExcentrÃ©es De Fandou, Dingazi-Banda Et Simiri Au Niger
Authors: O. Hamadou , A. Amadou Oumani , B. Morou , A. Mahamane 
Published: March 2021

La girafe du Niger (Giraffa camelopardalis peralta), est une espÃ¨ce relique bÃ©nÃ©ficiant depuis plusieurs dÃ©cennies dâ€™une protection intÃ©grale et cohabite de maniÃ¨re assez harmonieuse avec les humains. Ces derniÃ¨res annÃ©es, les girafes colonisent progressivement de nouveaux habitats et peu dâ€™informations sont connues sur le rÃ©gime alimentaire dans les nouvelles zones. La determination du rÃ©gime alimentaire de la girafe en saison sÃ¨che dans les zones excentrÃ©es de Fandou, Dingazi-banda et Simiri, a pour objectif dâ€™identifier les espÃ¨ces vÃ©gÃ©tales, les plus recherchÃ©es par la girafe pour une gestion durable de lâ€™espÃ¨ce au Niger. Trois (3) mÃ©thodes Ã savoir lâ€™observation directe, lâ€™indice dâ€™abroutissement et lâ€™analyse microscopique des crottes ont Ã©tÃ© utilisÃ©es. Il ressort de cette Ã©tude, que 23 espÃ¨ces vÃ©gÃ©tales appartenant Ã 10 familles sont consommÃ©es par la girafe du Niger. Vigna anguculata a Ã©tÃ© retrouvÃ© Ã travers les indices dâ€™abroutissement. Les femelles ont un spectre alimentaire plus large (19 espÃ¨ces vÃ©gÃ©tales) que les mÃ¢les (16 espÃ¨ces vÃ©gÃ©tales). Les espÃ¨ces vÃ©gÃ©tales, les plus consommÃ©es sont Combretum glutinosum (15,60%), Balanites aegyptiaca (11,60%) et Faidherbia albida (37,60%). Le broutage de Mitragyna inermis nâ€™est pas observÃ© chez les mÃ¢les. Maerua crassifolia et Ziziphus mauritiana, prÃ©sentant des indices dâ€™abroutissement Ã©levÃ©s, sont moins broutÃ©es par la girafe. La faible frÃ©quence de la girafe sur certaines espÃ¨ces vÃ©gÃ©tales nâ€™est que la consÃ©quence de sa disponibilitÃ© dans lâ€™habitat.

The Niger giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis peralta), is a replicant species that has enjoyed full protection for several decades and cohabits quite harmoniously with humans. In recent years, giraffes have gradually colonized new habitats and little is known about the diet in the new areas. Determining the giraffe's diet during the dry season in the outlying areas of Fandou, Dingazi-banda and Simiri, aims to identify the plant species most sought after by the giraffe for sustainable management of the species in Niger. Three (3) methods, namely direct observation, browsing index and microscopic analysis of droppings were used. This study shows that 23 plant species belonging to 10 families are consumed by the Niger giraffe. Vigna anguculata was found through the browsing indices. Females have a wider food spectrum (19 plant species) than males (16 plant species). The most consumed plant species are Combretum glutinosum (15.60%), Balanites aegyptiaca (11.60%) and Faidherbia albida (37.60%). Grazing of Mitragyna inermis is not observed in males. Maerua crassifolia and Ziziphus mauritiana, with high browsing indices, are less browsed by giraffe. The giraffe's low frequency on certain plant species is only a consequence of its availability in the habitat.
Optimisation De La Stabilisation Physique Du Lait De Coco En Utilisant La Gomme De Cajou (Anacardium occidentale L.) Comme Agent Stabilisant
Authors: Soro PÃ©gnonsienrÃ¨ Lacina , TourÃ© Naka , KonÃ© Fankroma Martial Thierry , Kouadio Marcellin Konan , DjÃ¨ Kouakou Martin , DabonnÃ© Soumaila 
Published: March 2021

Le lait de coco est essentiellement une Ã©mulsion huile dans eau, stabilisÃ©e par les protÃ©ines naturelles et les phospholipides prÃ©sents dans la pulpe. Cependant, le lait de coco reste physiquement instable et sujet Ã une sÃ©paration de phase. Dâ€™oÃ¹ la nÃ©cessitÃ© dâ€™utiliser des agents stabilisants. Cette Ã©tude avait pour objectif de dÃ©terminer les conditions optimales de stabilisation du lait de coco en utilisant la gomme de cajou comme agent stabilisant, par la mÃ©thodologie des surfaces de rÃ©ponse utilisant un plan factoriel complet 32. Ainsi, les effets de la concentration en gomme de cajou et du ratio pulpes/eau sur les paramÃ¨tres physico-chimiques du lait de coco tels que lâ€™indice de crÃ©mage, lâ€™indice de taille des gouttelettes, la viscositÃ© et le taux de perte de turbiditÃ© ont Ã©tÃ© Ã©valuÃ©s. Les rÃ©sultats de lâ€™analyse ont indiquÃ© que les conditions optimales Ã©taient de 1,50 % pour la concentration en gomme de cajou et de 1/1 (g/mL) pour le ratio pulpes/eau. Les rÃ©ponses optimales enregistrÃ©es ont Ã©tÃ© de 60,239 % ; 0,716 ; 0,076 mPa.s et de 0,824 Ã…/jr respectivement pour lâ€™indice de crÃ©mage, lâ€™indice de taille des gouttelettes, la viscositÃ© et le taux de perte de turbiditÃ©. Par ailleurs, aucune diffÃ©rence significative (p> 0,05) nâ€™a Ã©tÃ© observÃ© entre les valeurs expÃ©rimentales et les valeurs prÃ©dites. Les diffÃ©rents modÃ¨les dÃ©veloppÃ©s pour prÃ©dire les diffÃ©rentes caractÃ©ristiques du lait de coco Ã©taient trÃ¨s significatifs, avec des coefficients de dÃ©termination Ã©levÃ©s (>0,95) et des manques dâ€™ajustement non significatifs (p> 0,05). La gomme de cajou porterait donc un fort potentiel dans la stabilisation des Ã©mulsions.
Hombres Universitarios: lo que hacen por su salud
Authors: Luna-GonzÃ¡lez JosÃ© Luis , ResÃ©ndiz-Guerrero Diana Alejandra , JuÃ¡rez-Nilo Sarket Gizeh , MartÃ­nez-DÃ­az Adriana , MariÃ±elarena Daniel Arceo , Gallegos-Torres Ruth Magdalena 
Published: March 2021

IntroducciÃ³n: Con respecto a la salud, existen diferencias entre hombres y mujeres, ademÃ¡s de que los programas de salud estÃ¡n mayormente dirigidos a la mujer. Objetivo: Valorar el autocuidado de la salud en varones universitarios de dos universidades privadas de la ciudad de QuerÃ©taro, Qro. MetodologÃ­a: InvestigaciÃ³n transversal, descriptiva; se aplicÃ³ un cuestionario a 194 alumnos, de 46 items integrados en 7 dimensiones. Para el anÃ¡lisis de los datos se utilizÃ³ el software SPSS v.20 utilizando estadÃ­stica descriptiva. La investigaciÃ³n fue evaluada y aprobada por un comitÃ© de investigaciÃ³n y bioÃ©tica. Se respetaron los principios bioÃ©ticos de investigaciÃ³n. Resultados: Alumnos de 18 a los 32 aÃ±os. 96% son solteros. 81.7% saben quÃ© es el autocuidado. 70.8% realiza ejercicio por lo menos 30 minutos tres veces a la semana. 49.2% no conoce que existe cÃ¡ncer de mama en los varones. 31.7% consume alcohol cada fin de semana, 35% ha consumido marihuana y 11% cocaÃ­na en el Ãºltimo aÃ±o. 84% son activos sexualmente. En relaciÃ³n al sueÃ±o y el descanso, el 82% duerme de 3 a 7 horas diarias. Conclusiones: Los datos globales demuestran que es necesario que los varones refuercen las actividades de autocuidado personal en diversas Ã¡reas.

Introduction: Regarding to health, there are differences between men and women, and health programs are mostly aimed to women. Objective: to evaluate male health self- care in university students of two private universities in Queretaro, city. A cross sectional study was made. A 46 items questionnaire integrated in 7 dimensions was applied to 194 students. The software SPSS v. 20 was used to analyze data using descriptive statistics. The research was evaluated and approved by a research and bioethics committee respecting the research Bioethical principles. Results: Students aged 18 to 32. 96% are single. 81.7 know what self-care is. 70.8% exercise at least 30 minutes thrice a week. 49.2% do not know there is male breast cancer. 31.7% consume alcohol every weekend, 35% have tried marijuana and 11% cocaine in the last year. 84% are sexually active. Related to sleep and rest, 82% sleep 3 to 7 hours a day. Conclusions: Global data shows that it is necessary to reinforce male personal self-care activities in severe areas.